,Body,Label
0,"Subject: great part-time or summer job !
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * we have display boxes with credit applications that we need to place in the small owner-operated stores in your area . here is what you do : 1 . introduce yourself to the store owner or manager . 2 . use our 90 % effective script which tells them how this little display box will save their customers hundreds of dollars , be a drawing card for their business , and make them from $ 5 . 00 to $ 15 . 00 or more for every app sent in . 3 . find a good spot on the counter , place the box there , and say that nothing more need be done , all you need is his name and address so the company can send him the commission checks . your compensaation will be $ 10 for every box you place . by becoming a representative you could also earn a commission of $ 10 for each application that came from that store . that is of course a much more profitable plan , as it will pay you for months or years for a very small effort . call 1-888 - 703-5390 code 3 24 hours to receive the details ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to be removed from our mailing list , type : b2998 @ hotmail . com in the ( to : ) area and ( remove ) in the subject area of a new e - mail and send . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",1
1,"Subject: auto insurance rates too high ?
 
 dear nlpeople , i ' m sure you ' ll agree auto insurance costs too much . even with a good driving record , "" routine "" rate increases can drive your costs through the roof . i have discovered a way many people can sign up with an excellent company that gives amazingly low rates . they are about half of most of the rates i ' ve found shopping around for insurance in southern california . most people either qualify or have a friend who qualifies who would love to know about it . if you do n't qualify , i have another company that operates in several western states that is cheaper than many companies who claim they have "" the lowest rates available . "" just send $ 2 cash to : pva 1257 n kenmore ave # 2 los angeles , ca 90029 fold it in a piece of paper with your e - mail address and i will rush the information to you right away . if you prefer a hardcopy printout , enclose a self-addressed , stamped envelope . p . s . as a bonus i include two mechanic 's tips that save lots of time on a certain common repair job , and give you a quick and easy way to check the general condition of an engine . i have n't found these in any repair manuals or books before . these are great for home mechanics !
",1
2,"Subject: do want the best and economical hunting vacation of your life ?
 
 if you want the best hunting and camping vacation of your life , come to felton 's hunting camp in wild and wonderful west virginia . $ 50 . 00 per day pays for your room and three home cooked meals ( packed lunch if you want to stay out in the woods at noon ) with cozy accomodations . reserve your space now . following seasons are now being booked for 1998 : buck season - nov . 23 - dec . 5 doe season - to be announced ( please call ) muzzel loader ( deer ) - dec . 14 - dec . 19 archery ( deer ) - oct . 17 - dec . 31 turkey sesson - oct . 24 - nov . 14 e - mail us at 110734 . 2622 @ compuserve . com
",1
3,"Subject: email 57 million people for $ 99
 
 57 million email addresses for only $ 99 you want to make some money ? i can put you in touch with over 50 million people at virtually no cost . can you make one cent from each of theses names ? if you can you have a profit of over $ 500 , 000 . 00 that 's right , i have 57 million fresh email addresses that i will sell for only $ 99 . these are all fresh addresses that include almost every person on the internet today , with no duplications . they are all sorted and ready to be mailed . that is the best deal anywhere today ! imagine selling a product for only $ 5 and getting only a 1 / 10 % response . that 's $ 2 , 850 , 000 in your pocket ! ! ! do n't believe it ? people are making that kind of money right now by doing the same thing , that is why you get so much email from people selling you their product . . . . it works ! i will even tell you how to mail them with easy to follow step-by - step instructions i include with every order . these 57 million email addresses are yours to keep , so you can use them over and over and they come on 1 cd . this offer is not for everyone . if you can not see the just how excellent the risk / reward ratio in this offer is then there is nothing i can do for you . to make money you must stop dreaming and take action . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the bronze marketing setup 57 , 000 , 000 email addresses on cd these name are all in text files ready to mail ! ! ! $ 99 . 00 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the silver marketing setup 57 , 000 , 000 email addresses on cd these name are all in text files ready to mail ! ! ! and 8 different bulk email programs and tools to help with your mailings and list management . $ 139 . 00 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the gold marketing setup virtually everything ! ! 57 , 000 , 000 email addresses on cd these name are all in text files ready to mail ! ! ! and 8 different bulk email programs and tools to help with your mailings and list management . and over 500 different business reports now being sold on the internet for up to $ 100 each . you get full rights to resell these reports . with this package you get the email addresses , the software to mail them and ready to sell information products . and . . . . . . . . a collection of the 100 best money making adds currently floating around on the internet . $ 189 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the platinum marketing setup for those ready to "" own the net "" 57 , 000 , 000 email addresses on cd these name are all in text files ready to mail ! ! ! and 8 different bulk email programs and tools to help with your mailings and list management . and over 500 different business reports now being sold on the internet for up to $ 100 each . you get full rights to resell these reports . with this package you get the email addresses , the software to mail them and ready to sell information products . and . . . . . . . . a collection of the 100 best money making adds currently floating around on the internet . and . . . . . . floodgate & goldrush fully registered software ! ! this is the number 1 most powerful mass mailing software in the world today . there is nothing that can compare for speed , reliability , performance , and the ability to use "" stealth "" functions . this is the package that will allow you to use the net as your own personal "" money tree "" at will ! ! ! $ 379 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * several ways to order ! ! ! if you order by phone we will ship your cd containing the 57 million + names within 12 hours of your order ! ! ! 1 ) we accept : american express or visa mastercard type of card amx / visa / mc ? ? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on credit card _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ billing address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone include area code _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ we will bill selected amount to your account plus the following shipping costs shipping cost of 3 . 85 first class mail shipping cost of 15 . 00 24 hour express mail / federal express sales tax added to ar residents > > > send correct amount in cash , check or money order to : > > > fire power ! ! > > > 1320 n . "" b "" st . , suite 112-24 > > > fort smith , ar 72901 2 ) send the same above requested credit card information to above address . 3 ) call phone # 530-876 - 4293 . this is a 24 hour phone number to place a credit card order . fire power ! is a private company and is not affiliated with , or endorsed by , aol , msn , or any other internet service provider . copyright 1998 all rights reserved iq
",1
4,"Subject: do n't miss these !
 
 attention ! warning ! adults only ! warning ! adults only ! if you are under 21 years of age , or not interested in sexually explicit material . . . please hit your keyboard delete button now and please excuse the intrusion . to remove your name from our mailing list , send us email with remove in the subject line . you need not read any further ! available now for only $ 9 . 95 ! next 10 days only ! world record sex ! be there ! see it now on video ! unbelievable . . . but true ! you won't believe your eyes ! ! ! [ as seen on the howard stern show ] "" the world 's biggest gang bang "" see sexy annabel chong as she sets the world gang bang record in this fantastic video documentary that chronicles her 24 hour sexathon with 251 men engaging in sexual intercourse and oral sex with her ! do n't worry , you won't have to stay up 24 hours to watch it all . we ' ve selected only the most exciting and red hot scenes for you . . . all in breathtaking living color with plenty of extreme close-ups ! this video is guaranteed to knock your socks off and leave you breathless ! you ' ve never seen anything like it ! annabel takes on five men at a time ! 90 minutes ! order today ! only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] . "" gang bang ii "" the record breaker ! ! ! starring jasmin st . claire ! see beautiful and voluptious jasmin st . claire shatter annabel 's gang bang record by taking on 300 men in one 24 hour sex session ! you won't believe your eyes at all the hot firey action that you will see as the new world record is established before your eyes as jasmin takes on five men at a time for sexual intercourse and oral sex ! your friends will break down your door to see this video ! you ' ll be the most popular guy in town ! the action is truly unreal and you will see the best of it in living life-like color ! order today and see jasmin break the record ! 90 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] . also available . . . the uncensored authentic underground . . . pamela anderson lee & tommy lee sex video tape ! everyone is talking about this exciting video ! see pam and tommy engaging in sexual intercourse and oral sex in the car , on the boat and much , much more ! a real collectors video ! 30 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] "" tonya harding wedding night sex video "" now see the beautiful ice skating shame of the olympics tonya harding engaging in sexual intercourse and oral sex on her wedding night with husband jeff gillooly ! this "" bad girl "" is hot ! do n't miss this video ! 30 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] "" traci . . . i love you "" starring traci lords now see the most beautiful and popular porn star in her last adult video before she hit the big time ! it 's the blockbuster of the year . . . sensual . . . fiery and exposive ! traci lords in her most erotic and controversial film ever ! do n't miss it ! 90 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] email special ! order any four videos and get the fifth one free ! ! ! your order will be shipped via first class mail . all shipments in plain unmarked wrapper . for priority mail - add $ 5 for overnight express - add $ 15 you can order by phone , fax , mail or email . we accept all major credit cards and checks by phone or fax . visa - mastercard - american express - discover 10 day money back guarantee ! we know that you will be pleased with these videos ! to email your order - do not hit reply on your keyboard send email to our special email address below : zsazsa36 @ juno . com [ note : if you order by email and do not receive an email acknowledgement within 24 hours , please phone our office at 718-287 - 3800 ] phone our office 9am to 10 pm [ eastern time ] [ 718 ] 287-3800 to order by phone for fastest service ! we can accept your credit card or check by phone fax your order 24 hours per day to [ 718 ] 462-5920 you can fax your credit card information or your check order by mail by sending $ 12 . 95 per video , cash , check , money order or major credit card [ visa , mastercard , american express or discover ] to tcps , inc . 4718 18th ave . suite 135 brooklyn , ny 11204 make checks & money orders payable to tcps , inc . new york state residents please add 85 cents for sales tax per video ! you must be over 21 years of age to order and give us your date of birth with your order ! the following order form is for your convenience ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please ship me the following video tape [ s ] ! qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ annabel chong "" world 's biggest gang bang "" qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ "" gang bang ii "" jasmin st . claire qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ "" pamela & tommy lee sex video tape "" qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ "" tonya harding wedding night sex video tape "" qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ "" traci i love you "" traci lords at $ 9 . 95 each plus $ 3 . 00 for shipping and handling per tape [ $ 12 . 95 per video or "" special $ 51 . 80 for all five "" ! credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp date _ _ _ i hereby represent that i am over 21 years of age . my date of birth is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ship to : name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ area code and home phone [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax # [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to remove your name from our mailing list , send us an email with remove in the subject line . this is a one time offer and you should not hear from us again ! foreign orders - add $ 15us if you desire air parcel post shipment . we ship all over the world . by deleting your unwanted e - mail you waste one keystroke , yet by throwing away paper mail you waste our planet ! save the trees and support internet e - mail instead of paper mail ! [ c ] copyright tcps 1998
",1
5,"Subject: see amazing world record sex !
 
 attention ! warning ! adults only ! warning ! adults only ! if you are under 21 years of age , or not interested in sexually explicit material . . . please hit your keyboard delete button now and please excuse the intrusion . to remove your name from our mailing list , send us email with remove in the subject line . you need not read any further ! available now for only $ 9 . 95 ! next 10 days only ! world record sex ! be there ! see it now on video ! unbelievable . . . but true ! you won't believe your eyes ! ! ! [ as seen on the howard stern show ] "" the world 's biggest gang bang "" see sexy annabel chong as she sets the world gang bang record in this fantastic video documentary that chronicles her 24 hour sexathon with 251 men engaging in sexual intercourse and oral sex with her ! do n't worry , you won't have to stay up 24 hours to watch it all . we ' ve selected only the most exciting and red hot scenes for you . . . all in breathtaking living color with plenty of extreme close-ups ! this video is guaranteed to knock your socks off and leave you breathless ! you ' ve never seen anything like it ! annabel takes on five men at a time ! 90 minutes ! order today ! only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] . "" gang bang ii "" the record breaker ! ! ! starring jasmin st . claire ! see beautiful and voluptious jasmin st . claire shatter annabel 's gang bang record by taking on 300 men in one 24 hour sex session ! you won't believe your eyes at all the hot firey action that you will see as the new world record is established before your eyes as jasmin takes on five men at a time for sexual intercourse and oral sex ! your friends will break down your door to see this video ! you ' ll be the most popular guy in town ! the action is truly unreal and you will see the best of it in living life-like color ! order today and see jasmin break the record ! 90 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] . also available . . . the uncensored authentic underground . . . pamela anderson lee & tommy lee sex video tape ! everyone is talking about this exciting video ! see pam and tommy engaging in sexual intercourse and oral sex in the car , on the boat and much , much more ! a real collectors video ! 30 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] "" tonya harding wedding night sex video "" now see the beautiful ice skating shame of the olympics tonya harding engaging in sexual intercourse and oral sex on her wedding night with husband jeff gillooly ! this "" bad girl "" is hot ! do n't miss this video ! 30 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] "" traci . . . i love you "" starring traci lords now see the most beautiful and popular porn star in her last adult video before she hit the big time ! it 's the blockbuster of the year . . . sensual . . . fiery and exposive ! traci lords in her most erotic and controversial film ever ! do n't miss it ! 90 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] email special ! order any four videos and get the fifth one free ! ! ! your order will be shipped via first class mail . all shipments in plain unmarked wrapper . for priority mail - add $ 5 for overnight express - add $ 15 you can order by phone , fax , mail or email . we accept all major credit cards and checks by phone or fax . visa - mastercard - american express - discover 10 day money back guarantee ! we know that you will be pleased with these videos ! to email your order - do not hit reply on your keyboard send email to our special email address below : sparkle124 @ juno . com [ note : if you order by email and do not receive an email acknowledgement within 24 hours , please phone our office at 718-287 - 3800 ] phone our office 9am to 10 pm [ eastern time ] [ 718 ] 287-3800 to order by phone for fastest service ! we can accept your credit card or check by phone fax your order 24 hours per day to [ 718 ] 462-5920 you can fax your credit card information or your check order by mail by sending $ 12 . 95 per video , cash , check , money order or major credit card [ visa , mastercard , american express or discover ] to tcps , inc . 4718 18th ave . suite 135 brooklyn , ny 11204 make checks & money orders payable to tcps , inc . new york state residents please add 85 cents for sales tax per video ! you must be over 21 years of age to order and give us your date of birth with your order ! the following order form is for your convenience ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please ship me the following video tape [ s ] ! qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ annabel chong "" world 's biggest gang bang "" qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ "" gang bang ii "" jasmin st . claire qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ "" pamela & tommy lee sex video tape "" qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ "" tonya harding wedding night sex video tape "" qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ "" traci i love you "" traci lords at $ 9 . 95 each plus $ 3 . 00 for shipping and handling per tape [ $ 12 . 95 per video or "" special $ 51 . 80 for all five "" ! credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp date _ _ _ i hereby represent that i am over 21 years of age . my date of birth is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ship to : name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ area code and home phone [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax # [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to remove your name from our mailing list , send us an email with remove in the subject line . this is a one time offer and you should not hear from us again ! foreign orders - add $ 15us if you desire air parcel post shipment . we ship all over the world . by deleting your unwanted e - mail you waste one keystroke , yet by throwing away paper mail you waste our planet ! save the trees and support internet e - mail instead of paper mail ! [ c ] copyright tcps 1998
",1
6,"Subject: we can help you get a loan ! ! !
 
 subject : re : are you in debt ? if you are then we can help . qualifying is now at your fingertips and there are no long distance calls to make or travel plans to arrange . free loan evaluation : http : / / 209 . 84 . 246 . 173 / 151 . html or go herehttp : / / www . bizmen . tj / amcap / 151 . html we are american capital mortgage services , we specialize in helping homeowners establish one easy low monthly payment with the added benefit of not needing any equity in your home . american capital is constantly working with other lenders throughout the u . s . to provide you with the best interest rate possible . we have a number of different companies that we work with and this is at no cost to you ever . we are simply a referral agency . as you may have seen in our ad you can be loaned up to 125 % of the value of your home or $ 100 , 000 . 00 even if you have no equity in your home . there are no up-front or advanced fees of any kind . you can be approved within 24 hours and have your cash in one weeks time . in order for us to provide you with a free loan evaluation , please go to : http : / / 209 . 84 . 246 . 173 / 151 . htmlor go herehttp : / / www . bizmen . tj / amcap / 151 . html put us to the test i know we can help you . kindest regards .
",1
7,"Subject: beat the irs & pay-no - more
 
 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = - please read - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the founding fathers of the united states of america wrote our con - stitution , bill of rights and declaration of independence to set us free from tyranny and taxation . our founding fathers did not want our government to make you pay income taxes . if you study the constitution , and the irs tax laws , you will find that paying income taxes is not mandatory . it is based on a voluntary system . the laws and the supreme court and the irs have ruled that federal income taxes are voluntary and filing a return is not required in many cases if you properly volunteer out of the system and their jurisdiction . . "" our tax system is based on individual self assessment and voluntary compliance . "" - m . caplin , irs commissioner "" our tax system is based upon voluntary assessment and payment and not on distraint "" - supreme court ruling , flora v . u . s . , 362 u . s . 145 it is very easy and legal to volunteer out of the irs tax system , but you must know the exact process required to do this simple task . if you don t know the correct way to do this , you could be fined $ 500 by the irs . if you will spend just $ 35 . 00 we will send you our report : "" beat the irs & pay-no - more "" . our report will set you free legally ! after reading our report and filling out a simple form you will be free from the irs bandits and the graduated federal income tax . . . forever . our report is guaranteed to stop federal income tax withholding from your pay check ! ! ! you will never have to pay federal income taxes again . you will never have to file a 1040 form again . you will never have to keep personal expense or income records . you will be completely free from the federal income tax and the irs . we send you absolute proof you do not have to file a return . after reading our report and following simple instructions your pay check will be free from those nasty income tax deductions . this will put an extra $ 20 to $ 200 in your pocket every week ! . "" isn t it about time you get paid what your worth ? "" now is the time to fight back . please read on ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * "" beat-the - irs & pay-no - more "" our package , ( beat the irs & pay-no - more ) will teach you exactly how to easily : stop federal income tax withholding , stop april filing of 1040 form , & stop the irs extortion permanently ! this works for all citizens that are not government employes , do n't deal in alcohol , tobacco , or fire arms , or own a corporation or own a business where you are under a duty to withold from your employes paycheck . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the irs federal income tax system is based on voluntary complience . . . we will teach you how to legally volunteer out of the system ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - your success is absolutely unconditionally guaranteed ! our methods work every time for everybody if you were born in and live in one of the 50 republic states and are not a government employee . also you can not live or work on government property such as a mili - tary base , washington , d . c . , guam , semoa , virgin islands , etc . our method is 100 % legal , honest and ethical . we will pay anybody $ 1 , 000 if they can prove our method is illegal , dishonest or unethical ! ! ! our method has worked for every person who has ever bought this package without exception . nobody has ever failed and only 2 people asked for a refund ! ! ! - our package includes a lifetime , free , 50 % pay out dealership , plus all the marketing material master copies you will ever need . your paychecks will be 10 % to 35 % bigger every week , within 2 weeks of filing the proper forms and affidavit . why not give yourself a raise this year by exercising and enjoying more of your constitu - tional rights . set yourself free ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - your package includes unlimited free phone consultations , a copy of the u . s . constitution , the bill of rights , forms , affidavits , and much , much more ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - order form - cut - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - to order by mail : send this order form plus your name , address , phone # and a $ 35 money order to : linkco - - dept . # 00001 - - pob 66781 - - phoenix , az 85082 phone : ( 602 ) 267-9688 you may also call just to ask questions . thanks for reading this message ! - ( unconditional money back guarantee ) - - copyright 1996 linkco - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to be removed from our list send an e-mail to : zz214 @ usa . net with remove in the subject area . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",1
8,"Subject: email 57 million people for $ 99
 
 57 million email addresses for only $ 99 you want to make some money ? i can put you in touch with over 50 million people at virtually no cost . can you make one cent from each of theses names ? if you can you have a profit of over $ 500 , 000 . 00 that 's right , i have 57 million fresh email addresses that i will sell for only $ 99 . these are all fresh addresses that include almost every person on the internet today , with no duplications . they are all sorted and ready to be mailed . that is the best deal anywhere today ! imagine selling a product for only $ 5 and getting only a 1 / 10 % response . that 's $ 2 , 850 , 000 in your pocket ! ! ! do n't believe it ? people are making that kind of money right now by doing the same thing , that is why you get so much email from people selling you their product . . . . it works ! i will even tell you how to mail them with easy to follow step-by - step instructions i include with every order . these 57 million email addresses are yours to keep , so you can use them over and over and they come on 1 cd . this offer is not for everyone . if you can not see the just how excellent the risk / reward ratio in this offer is then there is nothing i can do for you . to make money you must stop dreaming and take action . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the bronze marketing setup 57 , 000 , 000 email addresses on cd these name are all in text files ready to mail ! ! ! $ 99 . 00 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the silver marketing setup 57 , 000 , 000 email addresses on cd these name are all in text files ready to mail ! ! ! and 8 different bulk email programs and tools to help with your mailings and list management . $ 139 . 00 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the gold marketing setup virtually everything ! ! 57 , 000 , 000 email addresses on cd these name are all in text files ready to mail ! ! ! and 8 different bulk email programs and tools to help with your mailings and list management . and over 500 different business reports now being sold on the internet for up to $ 100 each . you get full rights to resell these reports . with this package you get the email addresses , the software to mail them and ready to sell information products . and . . . . . . . . a collection of the 100 best money making adds currently floating around on the internet . $ 189 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the platinum marketing setup for those ready to "" own the net "" 57 , 000 , 000 email addresses on cd these name are all in text files ready to mail ! ! ! and 8 different bulk email programs and tools to help with your mailings and list management . and over 500 different business reports now being sold on the internet for up to $ 100 each . you get full rights to resell these reports . with this package you get the email addresses , the software to mail them and ready to sell information products . and . . . . . . . . a collection of the 100 best money making adds currently floating around on the internet . and . . . . . . floodgate & goldrush fully registered software ! ! this is the number 1 most powerful mass mailing software in the world today . there is nothing that can compare for speed , reliability , performance , and the ability to use "" stealth "" functions . this is the package that will allow you to use the net as your own personal "" money tree "" at will ! ! ! $ 379 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * several ways to order ! ! ! if you order by phone we will ship your cd containing the 57 million + names within 12 hours of your order ! ! ! 1 ) we accept : american express or visa mastercard type of card amx / visa / mc ? ? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on credit card _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ billing address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone include area code _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ we will bill selected amount to your account plus the following shipping costs shipping cost of 3 . 85 first class mail shipping cost of 15 . 00 24 hour express mail / federal express sales tax added to ar residents > > > send correct amount in cash , check or money order to : > > > fire power ! ! > > > 1320 n . "" b "" st . , suite 112-24 > > > fort smith , ar 72901 2 ) send the same above requested credit card information to above address . 3 ) call phone # 530-876 - 4293 . this is a 24 hour phone number to place a credit card order . fire power ! is a private company and is not affiliated with , or endorsed by , aol , msn , or any other internet service provider . copyright 1998 all rights reser
",1
9,"Subject: 
 
 make $ 3500 per week using your home computer ! put my free software in your computer . . . . . start making huge amounts of cash . . . . . without working ! ! ! ! your computer does all the work . . you get all the money ! ! ! you never have to talk to anybody ! ! just load my free software into your computer . . . and let it go . . . you will not believe how much money will come rolling in because of the efforts of your computer ! ! ! to get more information on this email me at . . manboca @ hotmail . com
",1
10,"Subject: the best , just got better
 
 the 2 newest and hottest interactive adult web sites will soon be the largest ! ! ! check out both of the following adult web sites free samples and trial memberships ! ! ! ! live triple x adult entertainment and pictures . new content added weekly ! ! ! girls , boys , couples , and more ! ! ! check them both out : http : / / www2 . dirtyonline . com http : / / www . chixchat . com
",1
11,"Subject: . . . . . use hypnosis to make money !
 
 hi . my name is dennis . i am a third-generation , professional hypnotherapist with over 22 years experience . i also , like many of you , spend a bit of time online . like you , i get hit by all sorts of mail either promoting sex sites or promising untold riches . being practical , i know multilevel marketing makes a lot of money for some people . . . the ones at the front end , at the beginning . but all the ones i have seen advertised are either the same one or clones of each other . i am sure you know the one i am talking about . i know people are still making money with it , or there would n't be so many advertisements . but they are n't making much , for two main reasons i can see . first it is the same , tired program that was old when i first went online a couple of years ago . anyone starting now would be at the tail end rather than the head . second perhaps more importantly . . . that program doesn ' t sell anything that people really want ! they wrote up some reports full of information that you probably either already know or do n't care about , just so they would have a product to sell . i have a solution . offer a product that people want to buy ! i have written clear , easy-to - read reports on self-hypnosis . most people have things they want to improve about their lives . many of these things , including stress , weight control , and smoking , can be taken care of with hypnosis . but people have good reasons why they do n't go to a hypnotherapist to take care of them . one is cost . even though being healthy saves money in the long run , people look at the short term expense and decide against it . another is pride . who wants to admit that they needed help from someone else ? it is almost like going to a psychiatrist . even though it is nothing to be ashamed of , it is still something few people want to admit . now people can learn how to take care of many of their problems themselves ! not only will they save money , they will have a sense of pride in being able to do it themselves . i am sure you have heard someone say before , "" i lost 15 pounds "" or "" i quit smoking . "" they are proud of what they have accomplished . i keep saying "" they "" because even though you will be able to use this knowledge for yourself , you will make your money by selling the reports to the many people that are also interested in hypnosis . with that other program i mentioned people have made a lot of money selling something nobody really wants . think how well you could do selling a product that is actually worth it ! i am trying to keep this email short , but want you to think about something else . i have seen multilevel emails that had the following : 1st level - 10 members with $ 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ $ 50 2nd level - 10 from each of those 10 ( $ 5x100 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ $ 500 3rd level - 10 from each of those 100 ( $ 5x1 , 000 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ $ 5 , 000 4th level - 10 from each of those 1 , 000 ( $ 5x10 , 000 ) _ _ _ _ _ $ 50 , 000 total $ 55 , 550 if they expect that much participation in a program that old , could n't you expect twice the participation per level ? getting 20 people instead of 10 for each level would make you $ 842 , 100 ! the first three reports teach how you can hypnotize yourself to improve you life . the fourth shows how to set up your email , how to get it out to others , and other tips and strategies you can use to be a success . i want you to be a success , because each person who replies to you , asking for report 1 , will also be replying to me asking for report 2 . then , when those people contact customers , you will be receiving money and orders from people you did n't even have to contact ! they will be advertising for you ! i am now going to list the reports and the addresses to order them from . just think , your name is going to be at the # 1 position , the one that makes the most money , when you send out your emails . report 1 : general information on self - hypnosis & relaxation and stress relief the perfect combination po box 798 chepachet , ri 02814 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - report 2 : weight loss rvp po box 190 wahiawa , hi 96786 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - report 3 : quitting smoking & other uses and tips for self - hypnosis s . franco po box 623 bonsall , ca 92003-0623 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - report 4 : turning it into a business j . destefano box 20793 1303 e . university blvd . tucson , az 85719-0521 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ordering instructions : * order each report from the person whose address is under the report title . you will need all 4 reports , because you will receive orders ( and money ) for each one , as your name travels down each of the 4 levels . * each report costs $ 5 . 00 cash . imagine receiving 100s of $ 5 . 00 checks a day , wondering which ones have cleared , and which ones have n't . you can see why cash is a necessity . the money should be wrapped in 2 pieces of paper , concealing it to prevent theft . * on one sheet of paper you should include the name & number of the report you are ordering , your email address , and your postal address . please write clearly . if your email address have parts that can be confused , i . e . 0 vs . o , l vs . i , etc . , please specify which it is . * the report will be sent to you as quickly as possible after your order is received . it will be sent as an attached document via email , unless there is trouble with your email address . the postal address will then be used as a backup . * make sure you save each report as you receive it , so you will be ready to send it out as you start receiving your orders ! * as i mentioned earlier , instructions on how to set up the email for you to mail out are on report 4 . for now , it would be best if you saved this email , so you will have it to work with later . finally , i want to remind you that this is a legitimate business . you should treat it as such when you enter it . you can talk to the small business administration if you need help in starting your business . you will of course need to pay local and federal taxes on the money you make . but since it is money you would n't have had otherwise , giving a little of it to uncle sam won't hurt . please contact the internal revenue service for any questions you have concerning applicable taxes . even though i am confident that a little effort will make you a success in this business , i can make no guarantees and none should be implied . actual profits made may be lower , equal to , or exceed the amounts mentioned in this letter . i would wish you luck , but i do n't feel luck is as important as making good decisions and having determination .
",1
12,"Subject: the challenge
 
 from the desk of robert g . allen dear nlpeople first let me ask you this question . do you want to build an extra stream of income ? if you said , "" yes ! "" then let me show you how you can began living your dreams this year instead of waiting until it 's too late . if you are not interested in this , please forgive the intrusion and delete this letter , and i will not contact you again . as it says on the letterhead , my name is robert allen . i ' m well known for my books , nothing down and creating wealth ( which were # 1 new york times best sellers ) and my recent audio programs , road to wealth and multiple streams of income . according to independent research , these books and programs have created hundreds of millionaires . my third book is called "" the challenge . "" it 's a true story of how i selected a woman from an unemployment line and taught her my success secrets . ninety days later , she had earned $ 5 , 000 and in a year , had earned $ 100 , 000 . i ' m now working on my next challenge . i call it the multiple streams of income challenge . here 's the challenge . as a test , i am selecting a small group of people and teaching them a brand new way of earning extra streams of income . i want you to work with me on this next challenge . if you join with me , you will be working with me and my team of highly successful people . our financial success is tied directly to you . if you are successful , then we are successful . it 's that simple . i do n't want to take up your time if you ' re not really looking for a way to add an extra stream of income . therefore , i ' ve recorded a message on a 24 hour voice mail number that gives the basic information . here 's the number . 801-235 - 0600 if you have access to a fax machine then also call our fax on demand at 415-995 - 2365 . this will give you a complete overview of our company . check out our web site at www . usana . com call this hotline number , retrieve this fax , and check out this web site today ! you will be glad you did . to have someone contact you with information on joining , please send a request to plumb111 @ aristotle . net and someone will respond as soon as possible . if you wish to be contacted by phone , please include you phone number and area code . massive success bob allen
",1
13,"Subject: * special book offer * from americana enterprizes
 
 * have you ever got a speeding ticket and needed a desperate way to get out of it ? * would you like to know how to become a mystery shopper ? * do you know how quick and easy it is to get a patent ? * would you like to know how to save big $ $ $ in real estate taxes ? * do you have any idea how easy it is to make $ $ with your home pc ? * do you know how easy it is to self publish your own book ? > > > > these questions are just a sample of the 16 topics that we have to offer . please read on . . . americana enterprizes offers a complete set of informational "" how to . . . "" books and manuals . presently , we have 16 titles that contain detailed easy-to - read information to enhance your knowledge of various topics . * * the following is a list of our comprehensive line : * * ( summaries of each topic are explained below ) 1 . how to get a patent easy and quickly . 2 . how to become a government hud tracer . 3 . complete guide to lowering your mortgage . 4 . how to turn your spare time into cash . 5 . how to get any job you want . 6 . quick and easy ways to make money at home . 7 . how to become a mystery shopper . 8 . how to save big $ $ in real estate taxes . 9 . how to make big $ $ $ with your personal computer . 10 . how to self publish your own book . 11 . how to stop smoking forever . 12 . how to make big $ $ $ buying and selling real estate . 13 . how to beat any speeding ticket . 14 . how to make a living as a musician . 15 . how to help your children with their homework . 16 . growing up drug free . * americana enterprizes saves you the hassle of going out and searching for this hard to find information . all the research and hard work has already been done for you . most of this information cannot be found in bookstores . * the best part of this offer from americana enterprizes is that these manuals are available through e - mail . no shopping in a bookstore or hours of researching the library . especially , no waiting "" 6 to 8 weeks for delivery . "" you can order from americana enterprizes and receive your book or manual within 24 hours from receipt of payment . * you ask how we can do this ? americana enterprizes has purchased the re-publishing rights to these 16 titles . we bought them on disc . the books are copyrighted and protected . so through our purchase , we can sell you these books through e-mail at a fraction of the cost we paid for them . * cost of these materials is a minimum compared to buying the manuals in a bookstore ( that is if you could find them ) . most major companies would have to charge $ 29 . 99 or more for hard binding these books . since we can send the manuals through email in one of three different formats , these costs are saved . we here at americana enterprizes can pass these savings on to the consumer . * * each book or manual is thorough and complete . they vary in page length from 30 to 40 pages . * * * * brief descriptions of each topic : ( best-sellers are denoted by an * ) 1 . how to get a patent easy and quickly . it is hoped that this booklet will be useful to inventors and prospective applicants for patents to students , and to others who may be interested in patents , trademarks , and copyrights . this goes into depth and detail on how to attain a patent with some useful information on trademarks and copyrights . 2 . how to become a government hud tracer . well the system was designed to be simple . however , there is one catch . although in most cases it is explained to them at the act of sale , most people do not fully understand the mortgage insurance program . they do not realize that if they sell their home and someone else takes out a new mortgage , their loan is fully paid by the new mortgage . many do not realize that if they refinance for a lower interest rate , the new mortgage will pay off the original debt . many simply just forget that they have money waiting for them when they retire their mortgage . there are many different reasons , but they all boil down to one fact . there are many unclaimed dollars sitting in the hud / fha shared distribution section , with approximately 95 % of the fha / hud borrowers not asking for the return of their money . with the addition of new names monthly , and such few individuals being found and refunded the money due them , this fund grows each month at an amazing rate . this is where you fit in . . . the ! ! book goes into detail on how to become a hud tracer and make huge sums of money doing this . . . . 3 . complete guide to lowering your mortgage . the purpose of this book is to assist you in lowering your monthly mortgage payments . several options will be made available to you to achieve this goal . also included , "" twelve ways to lower your homeowners insurance costs . "" 4 . how to turn your spare time into cash . * * are you ready to turn stored potential into real money ? just review some of these tips and you ' ll find you can make more money than you could ever imagine from seemingly worthless objects . 5 . how to get any job you want . you need a job . somewhere , an employer has the job you want . how do you get that job ? by marketing your job talents . by showing employers you have the skills they need . do you have job talents ? yes ! homemakers , disabled individuals , veterans , students just out of school , people already working all have skills and experience for many good jobs . what you need to know is how to market your talents effectively to find the right job . this book will help you : evaluate your interests and skills . find job information . write resumes and application letters . prepare for job interviews plan your time . take tests . 6 . quick and easy ways to make money at home . * * because tens of thousands of people all across america want to know how they can work at home and earn enough money to run a household , there is a special need for this report . today the need for women to work out of the home is stronger than ever . according to recent surveys , almost 70 % are married and contribute up to 50 % and more to the family income . because family responsibilities play such an important part in the lives of men and women , millions of individuals and couples are seeking ways to make money at home . in the past decade , money-making home-based opportunities that match a person 's skills , interests , abilities , and ingenuity have become almost limitless . the purpose of this report is to show you that it 's simple and easy to join the ranks of success-minded people by choosing a work-at - home program that suits your interests and needs . 7 . how to become a mystery shopper . * * * * the joy of shopping * * * for some of us , the thought of having to go to the grocery store , mall or any store for that matter is considered something of a pleasure ! the hard part is always having a reason to go , or the extra money to spend when we do . does this sound like you ? if so , then you are a perfect candidate to become a mystery shopper ! as a mystery shopper you will have many benefits beyond the shopping - you can also receive free merchandise , get paid for your time , enjoy dinner at restaurants you have always wanted to try , take trips , the possibilities are endless . now you can shop to your hearts content and have fun while you "" work "" ! what exactly is a mystery shopper ? how do i become a mystery shopper ? answers found in this book . . . . 8 . how to save big $ $ in real estate taxes . * * of all the taxes you pay , probably none delivers more tangible benefits than the property tax you send to your city , town , or county . real estate taxes are the lifeblood of local governments , accounting for some three quarters of their budgets for schools , sanitation , parks , and public safety - - in short , for just about everything that makes the quality of life in your community what it is . but even if you ' re satisfied with what your property-tax dollar buys , you should not have to pay more than your fair share . however , if you pay substantially more than your neighbors do or if your locality has n't had a general property revaluation in several years , your tax assessment may be too high . this book shows you ways to find out if you are paying more than your share and what to do about it . 9 . how to make big $ $ $ $ with your personal computer . * * * * * for those of you who currently own , or are thinking of buying a personal computer , you can just about guarantee yourself that for just a few hours of your spare time , you could easily produce an income that exceeds your current monthly earnings . thousands of success stories have been documented , and you could easily earn up to $ 5 , 000 a month , and more , in your spare time . home based computer entrepreneurs were once predicted to be "" the wave of the future . "" the computer revolution of the 1980 's has created the computer explosion of the 1990 's . successful computer entrepreneurs have shown that it does n't matter if your computer is a simplified apple , or a loaded ibm pc , you can use it to make more money in your spare time than you ever dreamed was possible . in his book , the third wave , author alvin tomer predicted that the electronic cottage would be the mom and pop business of the future . the "" future "" has arrived ! increasing numbers of home based businesses have made tomer 's pr ! ! edication a reality . 10 . how to self publish your own book . you can make a lot of money by writing and self-publishing your own material , if you are willing to write the books , manuals , reports or newsletters that millions of people across the united states , and throughout the world for that matter , desperately want to buy . this books shows you how in complete detail . 11 . how to stop smoking forever . we present this book to you to help you quit smoking forever . the first week is the roughest . if you can make it just one week , you will be on your way to be tobacco free for life . being healthy is the main reason to stop smoking . you will die if you continue to smoke . 12 . how to make big $ $ buying and selling real estate . * * here is what you can expect to find in this book . . . table of contents introduction - a word about hud homes - owning a home of your own - how much home can you afford - mortgage payment calculator - there ' s a hud home with your name on it - beginning to make it on your own - different loans for different home buyers - hud brings your up-front costs down - checking it out before you check in - the finish line - questions and answers about hud homes - a word about lead based paint - terms you need to know 13 . how to beat any speeding ticket . * * * * * studies have shown that most traffic infractions are successfully prosecuted but what they do n't tell you is that as many as 95 % of all citations are not even contested in court and that when they are contested by people just like you and me , most are dismissed . this book shows you what to do in order to beat the "" rap "" . 14 . how to make a living as a musician . we present this manual which includes achievable goals which will lead you on the road to a musical career wherein you could earn a comfortable living . 15 . how to help your children with their homework . * * * * * as the handbook points out we know that children who spend more time on homework , on average , do better in school , and that the academic benefits increase as children move into the upper grades . but the value of homework extends beyond school . we know that good assignments , completed successfully , can help children develop wholesome habits and attitudes . homework can help parents learn about their children 's education and communicate both with their children and the schools . and it can encourage a lifelong love of learning . in addition to helping with homework , there are many other important ways that parents can help their children learn . 16 . growing up drug free . child rearing is one of the most important tasks anyone ever performs , and the one for which there is the least preparation . most of us learn how to be parents through on-the - job training and by following the example that our parents set . today the widespread use of alcohol and other drugs subjects our children , families , and communities to pressures unheard of 30 or 40 years ago . frankly , many of us need help to deal with this frightening threat to our children 's health and well-being . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * what some customers have said about our manuals . . . susan . . . from costa mesa , ca "" i can't believe how fun being a mystery shopper is . i make money as well as have fun doing my favorite pastime . i wish i knew about this information sooner . thank you . "" jack . . . from florida "" thanks for the tips on saving money in real estate taxes . the information in this book helped me save significant money last year . if only i had these tips 6 years ago . i would be $ 48 , 000 ahead . we saved almost $ 7 , 000 this year . thanks a million . "" kate . . . from oklahoma i am a student with a journalism major . i used your book about self publishing and applied it to some pamphlets i made up . i am now selling them and making enough money to get through school . thank you very much . brian . . . from kansas "" this book is exactly what i have been looking for . it shows me step-by - step how to make money with my computer . i am having so much fun now in my spare time when i get home from work . i now get two paychecks and have only one job . last month i made $ 3455 . 00 by using your information . i have exceeded that this month and we still have 8 days left . "" margeret . . . from texas "" thank you for the information on helping childen with their homework . i never realized how much more there was to it than just helping them with 2 + 2 = 4 or see sam run . your information is a must for any woman concerned with their childrens future . richard . . from california "" i just wanted to write back and thank you so much for helping me get out of a speeding ticket . i ordered your book on beating any speeding ticket and followed the plan of attack you had . thanks to you , my ticket was dismissed and i got to keep my license . i reccomend this book to anyone who has ever been cited a ticket . i definatley wil keep this one on my shelf . "" cheryl . . . from los angeles , ca mystery shopping is so much fun . i am making money just for shopping and eating out at fine restuarants . i can't believe this type of job ever existed . your book showed me who to contact and how to do everything i needed . this book was my best ever investment . thank you . "" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * if you hate having to wait "" 6 to 8 weeks for delivery "" when your order something , then you will be happy to know your manual or book will be emailed directly to you within 24 hours of receipt of payment . these "" how to . . "" manuals come in 3 different formats to better suit your viewing needs . formats are as follows : rich text format ( xxxxxxx . rtf ) text ( xxxxxxx . txt ) word2 ( xxxxxxx . doc ) the following programs and / or applications will read these files . microsoft word v2 . 0 , v6 . 0 , v7 . 0 or word 97 . wordperfect for windows v5 . 1 , v6 . 0 , v7 . 0 wordpad for windows95 microsoft works v3 . 0 , v4 . 0 to order our informational "" how to . . "" books and manuals , simply fill out the order form from this products menu and mail it to our office today . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ez order form all orders will be sent via e-mail within 24 hours of receipt of payment . ordering options * mail * include a check or money order for the correct amount . * make a check payable to : blake roberson > > > make sure you put your e-mail address on the order form . * mail to : americana enterprizes p . o . box 184 thompsons station , tn 37179 * all funds are to be in usa currency . * print out and complete the following form . * again make all checks payable to : blake roberson thank you for your order . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * americana enterprizes order form * * * * * * you must complete the entire order form or your order cannot be processed . * when mailing , print and enclose with your check . e-mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * please make any inquories about questionable symbols in your e - mail address such as lower case l 's , capital i 's , and various things like ( ` ' , . ) format : ( circle one ) richtext ( manual . rtf ) text ( manual . txt ) word2 ( manual . doc ) topic # : ( circle as many as you wish , refer to list above ) 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 . 15 . 16 . cost : - each : $ 10 . 00 - complete volume : ( regularly $ 160 ) > > > > $ 100 . 00 best value - sales tax has already been added for your convenience . * enclosed is a check or money order for $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ thank you again . . . . . . .
",1
14,"Subject: internet - finance / top - earnings / top - investments
 
 special : work from home , sell successfully and earn a tax - free brand-new mercedes convertible details at bottom of page * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * you can earn more than 12 % p . a . with private investments , - affordable for everybody , minimum amounts start with us $ 500 no bullshit ! no mlm - schemes ! all investment offers are fully collateralized ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * are you looking for funds to expand your business ? private placements are the solution ! contact us for more details ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * do you want to receive free insider information about : - nigeria connection - trading with bank guarantees - fraudulent finance brokers if yes send a fax with your email address to 00333-87902188 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * special : = = = = = = = the person who negotiates successfully the sale of an old 34 years old company with real estate in switzerland valued with us $ 2 . 000 . 000 ( sales price us $ 1 . 200 . 000 ) will be rewarded with 10 % commission on sales price and a brand-new mercedes convertible ( shipped without any cost for you to any destination worldwide ) . the company is ideal for rich individuals who : - want to establish a base in europe - move funds to the safest place on world . - develop appartment blocks . apply by fax to 00333-87902188 to receive extensive coloured sales prospectus .
",1
15,"Subject: the right tools - valuable resources !
 
 the rumors are true ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * it 's true ! you can make a lot of * money * marketing on the web ! with the potential to reach millions , the internet is a dream come true - - for those that have the tools and know how to use them . that is why i want to tell you about online success . online success is an outstanding internet marketing resource center that will provide you with the tools and the training necessary to cash in on huge profits . plus , they will support you every step of the way with their staff of highly experienced internet marketers . > > get the tools you need . . . > > get the training you need . . . > > get the support you need . . . > > learn the inside secrets . . . . . to establish your own highly profitable online marketplace . and all this can be yours for free ! in fact , online success will even pay you to take advantage of these incredible resources . what ? ! ! ( no , i ' m not kidding ! ) karen flowers ref # 109 http : / / 209 . 84 . 246 . 175 / osg / 109 "" yes it is possible to make money on the net ! ""
",1
16,"Subject: 50 % or better returns .
 
 federally mandated , electric deregulation , allows for huge savings for consumers and huge profits for investors . profit from the break up of america 's largest monopoly . electricity deregulation ! the utility industry is 2 1 / 2 times the size of the telecommunications industry and proves to be at least 2 1 / 2 times the opportunity . "" usa today ( magazine ) , nov . 1997 v126n2630p14 rep . schaefer ( r . - colo . ) chairman of the house energy and power subcommittee as an owner of an electric company you could realize a potential annual return of 50 to 100 % on your investment . every time someone turns on the lights , you profit ! ! there are a very limited number of openings for partners still available in this ira approved program that should give you and your family the opportunity for an easy retirement . learn how this investment of several thousand dollars could grow to 30-40 - 50 thousand dollars or more in the next few years and provide you with an income for life . yes , ira qualified ! this is a genuine business , with real agreements . this is not multi level marketing and there is no selling involved . you are being offered an opportunity to invest and reap the rewards by participating in the potential profits of an electric company . begin your future today ! ! ! call us at 1-800 - 444-1050 for a free , no cost , no obligation video presentation and information package that contains the complete details of our outstanding opportunity .
",1
17,"Subject: "" life without debt ""
 
 pardon the intrusion . no offence is meant . if you are not interested , simply ignore and delete this message . hello , i honestly believe that this is the lifeline which is guaranteed to pull you out of debt . i am throwing it out to you , please grab it . i have a simple , inexpensive solution for your debt problem . if you do not have one , then this program will enable you to obtain and secure financial freedom . it is a nobrainer compound leveraging educational program entitled , "" life without debt . "" the best part of the system is that it costs $ 5 . 00 to begin . a few weeks ago i responded to a letter just like this one and sent $ 5 . 00 to start the registration process . you will be shown how to : + + + + + compound $ 5 . 00 weekly into $ 780 . 00 weekly . + + + + + convert $ 25 . 00 weekly to $ 3 , 900 . 00 weekly . + + + + + later achieve complete financial independence by participating in the main plans which can net you $ 293 , 000 . + + + + + take control of your finances especially , mortgage notes and credit card debt . this is a solid , 9 - year old debt free company with an established customer base of over 75 , 000 . you will received detailed information by joining us on our conference call on : tuesday nights at 7 . 00 pm ( cst ) telephone number : 916-689 - 2868 . your peace of mind is worth more than $ 5 . 00 get started today . print out this letter , complete the form and return the entire letter with $ 5 . 00 ( cash only ) to : computer center po box 1511 grapevine , texas 76051 note : members residing outside of usa , must send $ 10 . 00 mailer 's id : 021 05 4698 1 your name - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - address - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - city - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - state - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - zip - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - phone number - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",1
18,"Subject: just released ! 10 million ! ! !
 
 it was just released ! ! introducing . . . millions vol . 1a we took a total of over 92 million email addresses from many of the touted cd 's that are out there ( bought them all - some were $ 300 + ) ! we added the millions we had in storage to those . when we combined them all , we had in excess of 100 + million addresses in one huge file . we then ran a super "" sort / de-dupe "" program against this huge list . it cut the file down to less than 25 million ! ! ! can you believe that ? it seems that most people that are selling cd 's are duping the public by putting numerous files of addresses in the cd over and over . this created many duplicate addresses . they also had many program "" generated "" email addresses like compuserve , mci , anon 's , etc . this causes a tremendous amount of undeliverables , and for those that use stealth programs , clogs up servers quickly with trash , etc . we then ran a program that contained 1800 + keywords to remove addresses with vulgarity , profanity , sex-related names , postmaster , webmaster , flamer , abuse , spam , etc . , etc . also eliminated all . edu , . mil , . org , . gov , etc . after that list was run against the remaining list , it reduced it down to near 10 million addresses ! so , you see , our list will save people hundreds of dollars buying all others that are out there on cd and otherwise . using ours will be like using the 100 + million that we started with , but a lot less money and alot less time ! ! we also purchased cyber - promos ( $ 995 . 00 ) cd . we received it just prior to finishing production work on the new cd . we had our people take a random sample of 300 , 000 addresses from the touted 2 . 9 that they advertised . we used a program that allows us to take a random sample of addresses from any list . we were able to have the program take every 9th address , thus giving us a 300 , 000 list of cyber 's email addresses from top to bottom . we cleaned these , and came up with about 100 , 000 addresses . these are also mixed in . we also included a 6 + million "" remove / flamer "" file broke into seperate files for ease of extracting and adding to your own database of removes . "" you can buy from the rest or you can buy from the best . your choice . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ what others are saying : "" i received the cd on friday evening . like a kid with a new toy , i immediately started bulking out using the new email addresses . over the course of the weekend , i emailed out over 500 , 000 emails and i received less than twenty undeliverables ! ! i am totally satisfied with my purchase ! ! thanks premier ! ! "" dave buckley houston , tx "" this list is worth it 's weight in gold ! ! i sent out 100 , 000 emails for my product and received over 55 orders ! ann colby new orleans , la * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * here ' s the bottom line here is what you get when you order today ! > > 10 million email addresses . . . 1 per line in simple text format on a cd . files are in lots of 5 , 000 ( no codes needed to open files ) . all files are separated by domain name for your convenience . plus you receive a tremendous remove list ! 6 million + > > > now only $ 150 . 00 ! this price is effective for the next seven days , thereafter the price will be $ 199 . 00 so order now ! all lists are completely free of any duplicates . we also on a continual basis , add new names and remove undeliverables and remove requests . the result is the cleanest email addresses available anywhere to use over and over again , for a fraction of the cost that other companies charge . typical rates for acquiring email lists are from 1 cent to as high as 3 cents per email address - that 's "" information highway "" robbery ! . * * * added bonus * * * all our customers will have access to our updates on the cd volume they purchase . that 's right , we continually work on our cd . who knows when those other cds were made . we ' re constantly adding and deleting addresses , removes . etc . it all comes back to quality . no one else offers that ! do n't even hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most effective way to market anywhere . . . period ! if you have any further questions or to place an order by phone , please do not hesitate to call us at : 800-600 - 0343 ext . 2693 to order our email package , simply print out the ez order form below and fax or mail it to our office today . we accept visa , mastercard , amex , checks by fax . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ez order form _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to order millions vol . 1a email addresses for only $ 150 . 00 . * please select one of the following for shipping . . _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package overnight . i ' m including $ 15 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package 2 day delivery . i ' m including $ 10 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ type of credit card : _ _ _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ _ _ mastercard credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amount $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( required ) signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you may fax your order to us at : 1-212 - 504-8192 check by fax services ! if you would like to fax a check , paste your check below and fax it to our office along with all forms to : 1-212 - 504-8192 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 24 hour fax services * * * please paste your check here and fax it to us at 1-212 - 504-8192 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from your original check . all checks will be held for bank clearance . ( 7-10 days ) make payable to : "" gd publishing ""
",1
19,"Subject: troubling credit history ? let us help brighten up your future !
 
 have you ever been treated bad or embarrased because your credit report says that you are a bad credit risk ? have you ever been refused a major credit card or loan , and were unable to make a major purchase due to your poor credit history ? let pacific enterprises help guide you to : experience the power of good credit ! get the new car you want ! get the credit cards you deserve ! get the new home of your dreams ! take that special vacation you always dreamed of ! do n't pay a "" credit repair specialist "" $ 300 to $ 2000 for questionable results , because they do n't have all the information . with the proper instruction and a little help from us you can clean your credit yourself . our credit repair guide will teach you the secrets the credit bureaus do n't want you to know ! pacific enterprises repair guide , will include : - the information needed to obtain the 3 major credit agencies reports ! - the legal solution and the laws governing credit agencies ! - sample letters that lawyers charge $ 100 's to do for you ! - information on how to deal with creditors and collectors ! and for limited time , an added bonus of information on : - how to save money for your child 's future ! - a complete detailed budget worksheet , and financial strategies to help you gain better control of your situation ! - how to save money on grocery shopping and many other money saving tips ! we at pacific enterprises have been helping people just like you with credit solutions for years ! pacific enterprises has a proven track record and our representatives have over 5 years of experience in financial consulting . the time for you to gain control of your situation is now ! ! ! to order pacific enterprises repair guide , please send $ 25 . 00 , check or money order to : ( please allow 10 days for checks to clear ) pacific enterprises 475 college blvd ste 6-201 oceanside ca 92057 name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ number of guides requested _ _ _ _ _ _ x 25 = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total if you have any questions after receiving your information , please contact us at pacificenter1 @ juno . com thank you , and we wish you all the best in life ! pacific enterprises % es
",1
20,"Subject: get rid of your debt now ! ! ! what if ? ?
 
 there was a way to : pay off a 30 year mortgage in much less time pay off all your credit card debt pay off all your debts without a bankruptcy pay off student loans pay off business loans pay off judgments pay off child support pay off irs liens pay off property tax liens pay rents and leases pay off phone , utility , etc . , bills well , there is ! we ' ll pay your debts for you , up to $ 100 , 000 , and you do n't have to pay us back , ever ! i realize that this may sound unrealistic , or "" too good to be true , "" but its very simple and straightforward , and in the time it takes you to fax some information and have a 10 minute phone conversation , you will discover how we can do this , without ever having to pay us back ! here 's what you need to do : complete the following form , then fax it to ( 425 ) 235-2206 , together with an address verification ( driver 's license , utility bill , deposit slip , etc . ) a debt management specialist will call you after receiving this information and explain this program . please cut at the dotted line and fax the lower portion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - you are invited to join the debt management club by sam t member # 2170 the undersigned hereby agrees not to disclose any information given to him / her regarding the debt management club to anyone , and further agrees not to compete with the dmc in the u . s . a . , or anywhere in the world . name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you are invited to join the debt management club by sam t member # 2170 ( do n't forget to attach a valid form of address verification before you fax this form to 425-235 - 2206 . ) debt management club 5318 laurel canyon blvd . , # 104 valley village , ca 91607 ph : 818-763 - 1000 , ext . 2101 fax : 818-769 - 7358
",1
21,"Subject: 
 
 authenticated sender is subject : ( + ( + bull _ s * eye * targeting * software + ) + ) mime - version : 1 . 0 content - type : text / plain ; charset = "" us-ascii "" content - transfer - encoding : 7bit email marketing works ! ! bull 's eye gold is the premier email address collection tool . this program allows you to develop targeted lists of email addresses . doctors , florists , mlm , biz opp , . . . you can collect anything . . . you are only limited by your imagination ! you can even collect email addresses for specific states , cities , and even countries ! all you need is your web browser and this program . our software utilizes the latest in search technology called "" spidering "" . by simply feeding the spider program a starting website it will collect for hours . the spider will go from website to targeted website providing you with thousands upon thousands of fresh targeted email addresses . when you are done collecting , the spider removes duplicates and saves the email list in a ready to send format . no longer is it necessary to send millions of ads to get a handful of responses . . . send less . . . earn more ! ! ! a terrific aspect of the bull 's eye software is that there is no difficult set up involved and no special technical mumbo-jumbo to learn . all you need to know is how to search for your targeted market in one of the many search engines and let the spider do the rest ! not familiar with the search engines ? no problem , we provide you with a list of all the top search engines . just surf to the location of a search engine on your browser then search for the market you wish to reach . . . it 's that easy ! for instance if you were looking for email addresses of doctors in new york all you would do is : 1 ) do a search using your favorite search engine by typing in the words doctor ( s ) and new york 2 ) copy the url ( one or more ) . . . that 's the stuff after the http : / / . . . for instance it might look like http : / / www . yahoo . com / ? doctor ( s ) / ? new + york 3 ) press the start button that 's it ! ! ! the bull 's eye spider will go to all the websites that are linked , automatically extracting the email addresses you want . the spider is passive too ! that means you can let it run all day or all night while you are working on important things or just having fun on your computer . there is no need to keep a constant watch on it , just feed it your target market and give it praise when it delivers thousands of email addresses at the end of the day ! features of the bull 's eye software : * does targeted searches of websites collecting the email addresses you want ! * collects email addresses by city , state , even specific countries * runs automatically . . . simply enter the starting information , press the start button , and it does the rest * filters out duplicates * keeps track of urls already visited * can run 24 hours per day , 7 days per week * fast and easy list management * also has built in filtering options . . . you can put in words that it "" must "" have while searching , . . . you can even put in criteria that it "" must not have "" . . . giving you added flexibility * also imports email addresses from any kind of files ( text files , binary files , database files ) * list editor handles multiple files to work on many lists simultaneously * has a black - book feature . . . avoid sending emails to people who do not want to receive it * built - in mail program . . . send email directly on the internet with just a click of your mouse * personalized emails . . . if the email address has the user 's name when it is collected , . . you can send personalized emails ! ! ! * sort by location , server , user name , contact name * advanced operations : email address lists export in many different formats ( html , comma delimited , text file ) advanced editing . . . transfer , copy , addition , delete , crop , move to top / bottom operations between lists . . . union , subtraction , comparison * program is passive , . . . meaning you can run other programs at the same time call for more information 213-980 - 7850 call for more information 213-980 - 7850 ordering information customer name company name address city state zip phone fax email address _ _ _ _ _ _ bull ' s eye software $ 259 . 00 includes software , instructions , technical support _ _ _ _ _ _ shipping & handling ( 2 - 3 day fedex ) $ 10 . 00 ( fedex overnite ) $ 20 . 00 _ _ _ _ _ _ total ( ca residents add applicable sales tax ) * all orders are for win 95 and win nt * * * * * credit cards accepted * * * * * mastercard visa amex please call 213-980 - 7850 to process your order 9am - 5pm pacific time checks or money orders send to : bull 's eye software inc . 5670 wilshire blvd . suite 2170 los angeles , ca 90036 please note : allow 5 business days for all checks to clear before order is shipped . * if you would like your email address removed , please write us at the above address .
",1
22,"Subject: hey
 
 hey , i ' ll just get to the point . i have a web site that has free trials to the 10 best xxx sites on the web . if you want one then . . . click here . if not , than i am sorry for this e-mail . : )
",1
23,"Subject: do you like saltwater aquariums ?
 
 horizon publishing would like to invite you to the saltwater aquarium hobbyist 's website , featuring a fish dictionary , nationwide shop listings , manufacturer 's phone numbers and links and product reviews . go to http : / / www . captivesea . com thanks
",1
24,"Subject: < f * r * e * e > the b * e * s * t of teen hardcore ! < f * r * e * e >
 
 this is a multi-part message in mime format . - - part0 _ 901078729 _ boundary content - id : content - type : text / plain ; charset = us-ascii - - part0 _ 901078729 _ boundary content - id : content - type : message / rfc822 content - transfer-encoding : 7bit content - disposition : inline from : sdrack81 @ aol . com return - path : to : sdrack81 @ aol . com subject : the b * e * s * t of teen hardcore ! date : tue , 21 jul 1998 23 : 35 : 03 edt mime - version : 1 . 0 content - type : text / plain ; charset = us-ascii content - transfer-encoding : 7bit the best porn site on the net ! serving you over 650 , 000 pics ! 10 , 000 video clips ! and a free 60 min porno ! click any of the topics below to be sent directly to the page ! [ free live strip shows ] - here we will put on the best totally nude strip shows for you completely f * r * e * e of charge ! ! href = "" http : / / www . teenhardcore . com / cgi-win / click - [ amateur ] - some of the best amateurporn around ! href = "" http : / / www . teenhardcore . com / cgi-win / click - [ hardcore ] - if you like rough , you hafta check this out ! href = "" http : / / www . teenhardcore . com / cgi-win / click - [ teen / pre - teen ] - 100 % legit , total exposure ! href = "" http : / / www . teenhardcore . com / cgi-win / click - [ lesbian / gay ] - tons of lesbian and gay porno action ! href = "" http : / / www . teenhardcore . com / cgi-win / click - [ celebs ] - the full stockload of real celebs showin ya what they ' re good at ! ( brad pitt , leanardo dicaprio , brook shields ) plus more more more ! ! ! ! href = "" http : / / www . teenhardcore . com / cgi-win / click - [ toon ] - everyone loves these ! full toon action ! ( roger rabit , bugs and babs bunny , south park , and much more ! ) [ top secret ] - these pics are highly top secret . these pics are illegal and i hold no responsibility to what extent you use these . xxx href = "" http : / / www . teenhardcore . com / cgi-win / click - [ black / asian ] - the best of the black and asian porn ! and tons more ! porn porn porn ! ! ! please read below first , very important ! no information required whatsoever ! no credit cards ! no 900 billing ! no age check ! no catches ! no memberships ! just free xxx with no hastle ! special bonus ! ! ! ! visit each of the links on this site within 48 hours of reading this letter and receive free access forever ! ! you will receive your password via email within days and won't be asked any information whatsoever ! but only for a limited time . . . note : this site is constantly changing , so come back often ! if you receive this email again , or a similiar one , do not ignore it , the site may very well be totally different with completely different links ! this mail was not spammed , it was targeted at people 18-25 . however , errors sometimes occur , so if this does not fit you , please forgive us and do not get angry . thank you . - - part0 _ 901078729 _ boundary - -
",1
25,"Subject: see if this doesn ' t interest you . . . .
 
 read the 1st paragraph ! if you are convinced that this is not for you , then delete it . my bet is that you will be intrigued enough to finish reading it before you make your decision . financial success brochure dear fellow advertiser : my name is tim brody and i make a living selling a recipe for potato cheese pierogies . this is all i do , and i earn in excess of $ 100 , 000 each year . incredible you say ? now , i am revealing my secret to you . incredible , you say ? it is completely legal and , you too , can be well on your way to earning $ 100 , 000 per year by selling your product , plans , recipe or information through the mail . before i reveal my plan to you , let me tell you a little about myself . five years ago , i placed a classified ad in a food magazine to earn a little extra money . my response was 11 orders and 43 "" get rich quick "" schemes . now , please don t laugh , over the next three years i tried all of those "" get rich quick "" schemes . some actually met with success while many met with complete failure . with each try , i learned something new about marketing my product . finally , this plan came together and in the first 3 months , i made over $ 25 , 000 . after i tried it again , i earned $ 35 , 000 and it became clear to me that i was on my way to financial freedom . now please , this story is not merely to brag . i want you to realize the hard work , persistence and expense that went in to making this program a success . it is also my way of teaching others the problems of many marketing plans , and , hopefully , they will be able to avoid many of my own mistakes and expenses . this program is not for everyone . if you are planning to make a million dollars or to compete with your fellow participants , then this plan is not for you . however , if earning $ 100 , 000 a year in a stress-free program interests you , please read on , you are among the sincere people needed to make this program a success . maybe you have participated in some of those "" get rich quick "" programs before . you probably were dissatisfied with your response rate from the classifieds or mailings ? were you expecting to receive additional income but didn t even receive enough responses to pay for the ad or the stamps ? if you are like others , the answer is yes ! please do not give up hope just yet . there is a way to make money and have fun , as well as fine tune your culinary taste . join a network of buyers and sellers with similar goals for no additional costs . the process is called multi - level marketing and it is not illegal . ( see section 18 , title 1301 , 1302 & 1342 of the us postal and lottery code . ) it is a modified plan similar to that of companies such as tupperware and mary kay . best of all , it can earn advertisers like ourselves , thousands in a few months . what exactly is multi-level marketing ( mlm ) ? mlm requires that you send letters to fellow advertisers ( we will help you with the addresses ) asking that they buy your product with the understanding that once they do , they will be included as a member of your program . ( just as tupperware or avon requests salespeople to buy their products to "" show "" to their customers . ) the letter you send always has your name on it along with 2 - 8 advertisers . it is based on this premise : ( assuming a 3 member list and a 100 % response ) level # 1 - you send out 20 letters with your name in the # 1 position . 20 people reply . level # 2 - those 20 replies send out letters with your name in the # 2 position . 400 people reply level # 3 - those 400 replies send out letters with your name in the # 3 position . 8000 people reply . you receive a total of 8 , 420 replies and are unable to receive more , because once your name reaches the bottom of any list , it is eliminated and replaced by new members . if you asked for $ 10 for your product , you earn $ 84 , 000 . of course a 100 % response rate is unrealistic , instead expect between $ 35 , 000 and $ 60 , 000 . now , before you decide that this is the dumbest thing you have ever heard of and decide to throw this away , please look at the statistic : 91 % of all classified advertisers join one or more of these programs . why ? because they are sincere in wanting to make money ! otherwise , they would not have advertised in the beginning . knowing this fact , i know that you would like to read on . by now , you have received many letters of this type . this alone should prove that these programs are working . do me a favor , save this and all of the other letters . when you have the time , sit down and compare all the programs . your financial success depends on your making the best choice . if you are like most newcomers , your first instinct is to join the program that offers the most money or offers the cheapest price per product . before you do this , i ask that you think and answer the following questions about each program : 1 . how many participants are on the list ? the more names there are , the more responses you will need . an average 8 person list requires 1 , 500 , 000 responses before obtaining $ 100 , 000 for each participant . a 3 member list needs 3 , 500 responses . 2 . how much do i receive per product ? if you join a $ 2 . 00 plan , know beforehand that you will need 5 times the amount of replies as a $ 10 . 00 program . the $ 2 . 00 plan will also take 6 months longer for you to receive big money , obviously because you need more responses . 3 . do the words cheat-proof and monitored appear on the plan ? if the program is based on honesty and integrity alone , it will fail . face it , when it comes to money , very few people can be honest . cheat - proof means that there is a way to insure that every member gets paid . whereas monitored means that members are watching to make certain that the list never gets altered . this can be done ! also know that you are receiving many $ 2 . 00 plans , not because they are popular , but because the members must keep resending information to meet their goals . . . only 6 % of all advertisers join $ 2 . 00 programs . you probably have received only a few $ 5 and $ 10 programs . these plans work ! there is no need to send hundreds of letters and monitoring is effective . 4 . how much money do i want to earn , and how much is my initial investment ? if you want to earn $ 50 , 000 for example , know that you need 25 , 000 $ 2 . 00 responses . when you figure your investment , make sure it includes printing and stamps . if a plan will not accept checks , it is not legitimate . finally , narrow your choices and choose the best program to suit your needs . hopefully , you will see that , like 76 % of us , this one is the best choice . our program this is a cheat-proof 3 - level plan . we pay $ 10 for the product of each member on the list . you will only be required to send out 20 letters ( how to get names is supplied ) and your total investment is $ 40 ( including postage and printing ) . you only need 4 replies throughout the entire program and you ve lost nothing ! plus , we offer a bonus plan in which you can earn $ 20 , 000 more with no extra effort ! your earnings are based on the 3 - step plan outlined in the prior page . if we receive a 100 % response rate , we can all earn $ 84 , 000 ! of course , a 100 % participation again , is unrealistic . members are reporting $ 35 , 000 - $ 60 , 000 within 2 months ( without the bonus plan ) . how do i join ? on the bottom of this page , write your name , address and product , as you want it to appear on this mailer . please print clearly . make 3 copies of the following information that includes 1 ) other participants , 2 ) your name , address and product and 3 ) the control number . wrap a $ 10 check , money order or cash inside of each copy and send one to each of the following people with a self-addressed , stamped envelope . keep the original for your tax records ; it is a legitimate business expense . do not cheat by sending out only one payment . only 1 of the 3 has the required information you will need to proceed . within days , you will receive your products , instructions and this mailer with your name listed as one of the three participants . you will then send out 20 of these mailers to others . within a week , you will begin to receive your money , and within 4 weeks you will have earned over $ 25 , 000 ! it s that easy ! join today ! 1 . j . dolbow 2089 waterbury se kentwood , mi 49508 ( sweetish no - names ) 2 . l . shock 7438 sawmill rd . # 458 columbus , oh 43235 ( amy s famous chicken ) 3 . s . butler po box 770074 coral springs , fl 33077-0074 ( delicious potato salad ) your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your product _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ control number 187329 * your total cost for this program is $ 40 . 00 ( $ 30 . 00 to members , $ 3 printing , $ 7 stamps ) . there are no other fees . * canadian residents ask that you please remember to use 2 first class stamps when mailing to them . believe me , the extra stamps are worth it . they are some of our best participants ! * if paying by check , please allow 7 additional days to allow the check to clear . important information to ensure that you keep this legal and honest , be sure to file schedule c profit or loss from business with your income tax return . report all income you receive and deduct all business related expenses . these tax deductible business expenses can include vehicle ownership ( in your company s name ) , expenses , travel and entertainment , business equipment , purchases for your business , supplies , telephone , postage , advertising costs , rent , wages ( other than your own ) , legal and professional services , and business taxes . these can be legally deducted if they are related to your business . ( consult your tax professional for details ) . because you are buying and selling products and services , and reporting your income for tax purposes , this type of direct marketing / ordering is not in the chain letter category . if no product or service is sold , then it does become a chain letter and is in violation of the law . note : after joining , if you would like a new laser camera ready copy of these pages , with your name , address and control number in the proper place , send a copy of this brochure and $ 5 . 00 towards our costs of doing this to : d r enterprises , 2089 waterbury se , kentwood , mi 49508 . we will send them to you flat , not folded .
",1
26,"Subject: 30 , 000 , 000 email addresses . . .
 
 just released . . . 30 , 000 , 000 email addresses ! plus 12 bonuses . . . including free stealth 3 . 0 bulk email software ( $ 399 . 00 value ) these addresses are less than 21 days old . earn insane profits with the right formula if you have a product , service , or message that you would like to get out to thousands , hundreds of thousands , or even millions of people , you have several options . traditional methods include print advertising , direct mail , radio , and television advertising . they are all effective , but they all have two catches : they ' re expensive and time consuming . not only that , you only get one shot at making your message heard , by the right people . the internet , the "" global communications frontier "" has changed this dramatically , including making countless individuals wealthy . "" electronic marketing , "" as it 's commonly referred to , has effectively leveled the playing fields of all types businesses . internet marketing group has been in the online marketing business for over 5 years . we can help make your goals come true . we have helped many individuals succeed in marketing their product effectively . it 's very simple to do . in fact soon you will have the problem of what to do with all the cash you will make from sending out bulk email . here is just one of many true success stories we have seen . . . we did a mailing of 1 1 / 2 million emails for one of our customers . he was selling a home workers manual for $ 29 . 95 . his results are very typical and scary . he took in over 700 orders ! 700 x $ 29 . 95 = $ 20 , 000 . this gentleman was so amazed , that after being skeptical , it had really happened to him , he made it , he found a niche . that niche was email ! he went on to buy our full list and will be set for life in less than six months time . all this from selling a simple manual via e . mail . that was just one of the many success stories we hear everyday . it may all sound to good to be true . well , we can tell you this . it really does work . why else are so many individuals doing it ? they are not just wasting their time . they are all making mega bucks . do n't even hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most effective way to market anywhere . . period ! here ' s the bottom line and what we can do for you here is what you get when you order today ! > > 30 million email addresses . . . 1 per line in simple text format on a cd . multiple files of 250 , 000 or greater ( no codes needed to open files ) . you will receive email addresses of the following domains . . . aol , prodigy , compuserve , delphi , genie , juno , pipeline , interamp , msn , mci , and 5 million other mixed email addresses ( . com , . net ) . all names listed above are seperated in files by domain name for your convenience . plus these bonus specials . . . > > 2 free bulk email programs . . . pegasus and eudora . you will be able to load our names into these 2 distribution list software 's ( which will create distribution lists saving you hours of work ) for immediate , around the clock launching ! you can whip out as many distribution lists as you like , and depending on the speed of your modem and the length of your message , you will be able to send out around 10 , 000 to 30 , 000 messages per hour for free . > > "" stealth mass mailer "" bulk email . this is the most popular bulk emailer in the world . this is the full working verion of the program . this product sends over 250 , 000 per hour . ( value $ 399 . 00 ) > > setup instructions and tips for stealth mass mailer . > > free check by fax software ! ( $ 299 . 00 value ) > > where to get a free web page . > > super note pad . . . this software will help manage your large text files for you . > > winzip self extractor . . . this program will be needed when de-compressing a compressed file . it will come in handy when dealing with files of zip format . > > over 5 , 000 places to advertise for free ! > > "" profits 2500 series "" . . . 7 manuals that will teach you how to market on the internet and what offers work and which ones to stay clear of . also we will show you where to find web designers for free and much , much more . you get everything for only $ 199 . 00 > > > special bonus . . . if you order within 24 hours you can deduct $ 50 . 00 from the listed price . limited time only ! we have previously sold the seven manuals alone for over $ 400 . now you can have the complete package for the low price of only $ 149 . 00 do n't even hesitate on this one . . reserve yours today ! all lists are completely free of any duplicates . we also on a continual basis , add new names and remove undeliverables and remove requests . the result is the cleanest email addresses available anywhere to use over and over again , for a fraction of the cost that other companies charge . typical rates for acquiring email lists are from 1 cent to as high as 3 cents per email address - that 's "" information highway "" robbery ! . how do i protect my e . mail address ? 1st of all , send your e . mail with the stealth mass mailer . this program will protect your email address while sending your e . mail at speeds of up to 250 , 000 messages per hour ( 28 . 8 connection ) . 2nd , collect your inquiries and remove requests via autoresponders . using autoresponders , you do n't even have to read the flames . just move them to your remove list and forget about them ! start earning mega money and get started now ! to order our email package , simply print out the ez order form below and call us anytime . we accept visa , mastercard , american express , personal check or money order . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ez order form call our 24 hour order line at : 1-561 - 697-0657 ( orders only ) we will deduct an additional $ 5 . 00 for all phone orders . _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to order your 30 , 000 , 000 email addresses plus all the bonuses for only $ 199 . 00 _ _ _ _ _ i am ordering within 24 hours ! please deduct $ 50 . 00 from the price making the total only $ 149 . 00 * please select one of the following for shipping . _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package overnight . i ' m including $ 12 for shipping . _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package proirity delivery . i ' m including $ 4 for shipping . _ _ _ _ please add $ 10 . 00 for all orders from outside the u . s . date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ type of credit card : _ _ _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ _ _ mastercard _ _ _ _ american express credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amount $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - best of luck ! ! we apologize if this e . mail was sent to you in error . to be permanently removed from all mailing lists simply go to http : / / www . remove-list . com thank you ! thank you ! m
",1
27,"Subject: really cool but very hot videos !
 
 attention ! warning ! adults only ! warning ! adults only ! if you are under 21 years of age , or not interested in sexually explicit material . . . please hit your keyboard delete button now and please excuse the intrusion . to remove your name from our mailing list , send us email with remove in the subject line . you need not read any further ! available now for only $ 9 . 95 ! next 10 days only ! world record sex ! be there ! see it now on video ! unbelievable . . . but true ! you won't believe your eyes ! ! ! [ as seen on the howard stern show ] "" the world 's biggest gang bang "" see sexy annabel chong as she sets the world gang bang record in this fantastic video documentary that chronicles her 24 hour sexathon with 251 men engaging in sexual intercourse and oral sex with her ! do n't worry , you won't have to stay up 24 hours to watch it all . we ' ve selected only the most exciting and red hot scenes for you . . . all in breathtaking living color with plenty of extreme close-ups ! this video is guaranteed to knock your socks off and leave you breathless ! you ' ve never seen anything like it ! annabel takes on five men at a time ! 90 minutes ! order today ! only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] . "" gang bang ii "" the record breaker ! ! ! starring jasmin st . claire ! see beautiful and voluptious jasmin st . claire shatter annabel 's gang bang record by taking on 300 men in one 24 hour sex session ! you won't believe your eyes at all the hot firey action that you will see as the new world record is established before your eyes as jasmin takes on five men at a time for sexual intercourse and oral sex ! your friends will break down your door to see this video ! you ' ll be the most popular guy in town ! the action is truly unreal and you will see the best of it in living life-like color ! order today and see jasmin break the record ! 90 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] . also available . . . the uncensored authentic underground . . . pamela anderson lee & tommy lee sex video tape ! everyone is talking about this exciting video ! see pam and tommy engaging in sexual intercourse and oral sex in the car , on the boat and much , much more ! a real collectors video ! 30 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] "" tonya harding wedding night sex video "" now see the beautiful ice skating shame of the olympics tonya harding engaging in sexual intercourse and oral sex on her wedding night with husband jeff gillooly ! this "" bad girl "" is hot ! do n't miss this video ! 30 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] "" traci . . . i love you "" starring traci lords now see the most beautiful and popular porn star in her last adult video before she hit the big time ! it 's the blockbuster of the year . . . sensual . . . fiery and exposive ! traci lords in her most erotic and controversial film ever ! do n't miss it ! 90 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] email special ! order any four videos and get the fifth one free ! ! ! your order will be shipped via first class mail . all shipments in plain unmarked wrapper . for priority mail - add $ 5 for overnight express - add $ 15 you can order by phone , fax , mail or email . we accept all major credit cards and checks by phone or fax . visa - mastercard - american express - discover 10 day money back guarantee ! we know that you will be pleased with these videos ! to email your order - do not hit reply on your keyboard send email to our special email address below : fastfacts2 @ juno . com [ note : if you order by email and do not receive an email acknowledgement within 24 hours , please phone our office at 718-287 - 3800 ] phone our office 9am to 10 pm [ eastern time ] [ 718 ] 287-3800 to order by phone for fastest service ! we can accept your credit card or check by phone fax your order 24 hours per day to [ 718 ] 462-5920 you can fax your credit card information or your check order by mail by sending $ 12 . 95 per video , cash , check , money order or major credit card [ visa , mastercard , american express or discover ] to tcps , inc . 4718 18th ave . suite 135 brooklyn , ny 11204 make checks & money orders payable to tcps , inc . new york state residents please add 85 cents for sales tax per video ! you must be over 21 years of age to order and give us your date of birth with your order ! the following order form is for your convenience ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please ship me the following video tape [ s ] ! qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ annabel chong "" world 's biggest gang bang "" qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ "" gang bang ii "" jasmin st . claire qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ "" pamela & tommy lee sex video tape "" qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ "" tonya harding wedding night sex video tape "" qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ "" traci i love you "" traci lords at $ 9 . 95 each plus $ 3 . 00 for shipping and handling per tape [ $ 12 . 95 per video or "" special $ 51 . 80 for all five "" ! credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp date _ _ _ i hereby represent that i am over 21 years of age . my date of birth is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ship to : name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ area code and home phone [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax # [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to remove your name from our mailing list , send us an email with remove in the subject line . this is a one time offer and you should not hear from us again ! foreign orders - add $ 15us if you desire air parcel post shipment . we ship all over the world . by deleting your unwanted e - mail you waste one keystroke , yet by throwing away paper mail you waste our planet ! save the trees and support internet e - mail instead of paper mail ! [ c ] copyright tcps 1998
",1
28,"Subject: improvements in wound care !
 
 hello , my name is kevin elphick and i am the managing director of nursing innovations which have been manufacturing and supplying a range of innovative wound dressing protectors named ' keep - dri dressings ' to australian hospitals for a period in excess of 8 years . these internationally award winning products are now extensively used in over 70 % of western australian hospitals ( references available upon request ) and we are now looking at supplying to hospitals internationally . however , we have found from experience it is difficult to initially introduce the product to hospitals . once a hospital starts using keep - dri dressings they have always continued to use them . our success is related to the fact that they are quick and easy to apply ( saving staff time ) and they really work . the result is lower infection risk , reduced patient trauma and lower cost for the hospital . for your free sample contact me at my web site http : / / www . angelfire . com / ca2 / nursingone here you will find a full product description , uses and advantages and a link to my email address . i would appreciate any suggestions you might have to help introduce this excellent product into hospitals in your area or comments you have on our product . many thanks in advance . kevin elphick nursing innovations 23 yulema street mullaloo , perth , western australia 6027 618-9487 - 1807 http : / / www . angelfire . com / ca2 / nursingone * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * k
",1
29,"Subject: 
 
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",1
30,"Subject: advertsing ? its legal ! ! we offer smtp ! ! ! !
 
 great news for advertisers and bulkers ! ! ! ! use our server to send your own mail ! ! ! ! ! never loose your dial up again ! ! ! never relay or steal services again ! ! ! do between 100k to 200k an hour ! ! our bandwidth ! ! $ 250 . 00 month and $ 250 . 00 setup * * we are the only company offering this service today , and we will be here for years to come . just ask our customers ! ! * * only 9 more spots open ! ! ! ! * * express mail server * * special * * only $ 150 . 00 * * call 1-800 - 298-7863 to order your demo today ! ! other mail programs fresh 20 million + email addresses on cd for only $ 90 . 00 get 3 stealth mass mailers with unlock codes for only $ 250 . 00 we also have gold rush for only $ 300 . 00 email adressee extractor for $ 100 . 00 caller id for $ 100 . 00 bulk mate list manager for $ 129 . 00 desk top server 98 for $ 300 . 00 mx lookup for $ 185 . 00 much more bulk friendly web hosting on foreign backbone only $ 150 . 00 a month , 2 page bulk friendly web hosting only $ 100 . 00 month also , call about a great rate of 8 . 9 cents long distance , even with 800 / 888 numbers ! ! 14 . 9 cents a minute calling cards ( not prepaid ) earn money too ! ! ! 800 voice mail with unlimited calls , only $ 60 . 00 a month ! ! ! ! ! please leave information on the item that you are calling about . thank you . need to advertise a product or service ? we can do it for you ! ! if you are already paying someone to do it , then call us and i bet we can beat them . our fees usually start at $ 395 . 00 for 1 . 2 million , we even have lower rates . we can also advertise your products or services ! ! ! ! please call us for rates on this ! ! ! ! ! excellant rates ! ! ! ! worldwide marketing inc , 3807 n oak dr tampa , fl 33611 1-888 - 398-9866 please leave message ! ! ! 7 om
",1
31,"Subject: free trial membership
 
 the latest in adult technology ! ! ! brand new xxx adult site free trial membership please visit the latest in live video conferencing . 1000 channels of hardcore ! ! live rooms ! ! ! young dancers ! ! ! large picture gallery ! thousands of pictures ! ! come and visit our site for a great experience . http : / / www . sexxxybodies . com # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # this message is sent in compliance of the new e-mail bill : section 301 * # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # * "" per section 301 , paragraph ( a ) ( 2 ) ( c ) of s . 1618 , further transmissions to you by the sender of this email may be stopped at no cost to you by sending a reply to this email address with the word "" remove "" in the subject line . "" # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * oa nuko64 @ msn . com
",1
32,"Subject: market to millions , try for free
 
 this message complies with the proposed united states federal requirements for commercial email bill , s . 1618 section 301 . for additional info see : http : / / thomas . loc . gov / , then search "" s . 1618 . es "" and go to section 301 . required sender information : networks internet tools , waterford , wi , 534-7409 per section 301 , paragraph ( a ) ( 2 ) ( c ) of s . 1618 , further transmissions to you by the sender of this email may be stopped at no cost to you by replying to this message with the subject "" remove "" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dear fellow entrepreneur , your recent posting or your presence in certain areas of the web lead me to believe you would be very interested in promoting a product or service on the internet . you will have the need for the proper tools by which to do this . you have at your fingertips the power to reach tens of millions of people . to not take advantage of this would be unwise . the proper software will assist you in taking your online business venture to an unbelievable level of success by targeting and reaching this vast audience . it does not take much to set up your storefront on the internet and you can find a selection of items to help do this at : http : / / net-tools . net you can try out all of the software on an evaluation basis . thank you and good luck with your venture . best regards , sales @ net-tools . net http : / / net-tools . net * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * remove requests * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ` \ | | | / wishing you the best ! ( @ @ ) ooo _ ( _ ) _ ooo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ please pardon the intrusion _ | _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ to be removed just reply with the subject : "" remove "" and you will be permanently removed from any future mailings .
",1
33,"Subject: lists and software worldwide
 
 order form : all addresses are fresh and cleaned against international remove lists for the best results with the minimum irritation to those who do not wish to recieve unsolicited mail . all discs come with details of web sites for usefull mailing programs and other related products available on the net . many new mailer programs bypass your isp and send mail direct to the recipient so you dont need an expensive "" bulk-friendly "" isp . disc supplied come with a free mailing program , its not the best but will get you started if you dont have one . prices are quoted in uk pound sterling / us dollars and are fully inclusive of postage and packing 1 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 15 / $ 35 [ ] 2 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 29 / $ 59 [ ] 3 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 42 / $ 80 [ ] 4 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 54 / $ 102 [ ] 5 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 65 / $ 120 [ ] 6 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 75 / $ 137 [ ] 7 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 84 / $ 152 [ ] 8 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 92 / $ 163 [ ] 9 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 99 / $ 178 [ ] cd [ ] . zip files by email [ ] email address lists are sent as text documents on cd or by email as . zip files they can be opened with most word processing packages and imported into most data bases and bulk email software . to order from outside the uk send either cheques in your own currency ( the amount should be calcuated from the prices in us dollars not pound sterling , if you are unsure about how to work out the exchange rates a bank will work it out for you if you ask . you just need to ask them what $ xx dollars is in your currency and send that much ) to order tick the number of addresses you wish to purchase and tick the disc type you wish to receive . then fill out the details below and post your order together with payment ( cheques in your own currency or us dollar travellers cheques only please ) made payable to prophoto to : prophoto mail , po box 447 , doman road , camberley , surrey , england gu15 3xd . your email addresses will be dispatched as soon as your payment has cleared ( normally 5 days ) . name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ post / zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i enclose a cheque to the value of ( enter amount ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ what currency is your payment in ? ( country / currency ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ puchased to date : 1xt
",1
34,"Subject: credit program "" guaranteed credit ""
 
 bad credit ? no credit ? bankruptcy ? divorce ? judgements ? student ? no problem sick of credit rejections ? we can help ! ! you can qualify for unsecured major credit cards regardless of you past credit history ! that 's right . . . no security deposit or savings account is required whatsoever ! if you are sick of being denied credit time and time again , let us help ! ! you will obtain the credit you are seeking with our program ! ! get the credit you deserve . . . dont delay fill out a service request form today results in 7-10 days express service is availible for an additional $ 5 . 00 with express service results will be released in 2 - 3 days guaranteed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . creditmatch service request form complete and return this form to : national resource center 291 ridge road suite 78 north arlington , nj 07031 make all checks & money orders payable to : national resource center in the amount of $ 29 . 00 first name : last name : street address : city : state : zip code : telephone number : date of birth how long at this address : are you a u . s . citizen : employer name : annual income : employer phone number : how long at this job : do you have a checking account : savings account : do you have an unsecured credit card now : if yes which bank : have you been denied credit in the last 60 days : have you had any judgements entered against you in the last 6 months : have you ever filed for bankruptcy : if yes date of discharge : how would you rate your credit on a scale of 1-10 10 being excellent : have you ever been convicted of credit fraud : how did you hear of our service national resource center is not responsible for denial of credit due to falsification or innaccuracy of the information provided above . all information will be used to perform the credit match service . the information provided by you will not be used to conduct a credit check . final credit verification and approval will be conducted and given by the banks you are matched with and apply at . you must enclose $ 29 . 00 made payable to national resource center . a $ 25 . 00 charge will be added to your account for all returned checks . if none of the banks we match you with will give you final approval for an unsecured credit card , a full and prompt refund plus 10 % will be refunded . ( provided payment has been made and you ` ve applied to each bank within 30 days of receiving your final results . ) to be eligible for a refund , the information provided above must match the information contained on your credit report and the creditor application ( s ) note : this service is availible to us citizens only . void were prohibited by law signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _
",1
35,"Subject: zero down internet opportunity !
 
 $ 0 down internet opportunity * complete computer system * e - com web site package * tutorials - we ' ll teach you * earn big while you learn for more info : 520-615 - 3253
",1
36,"Subject: re : free !
 
 hello , we are offering a fantastic 100 % free access to the most famous adult site in the world . just visit the url to get your free access . no bullshit . you get what you see ! ! ! http : / / www . sexplosion . com / a / thepussy / if you are not able to access , try our mirror site at : http : / / www . geocities . com / southbeach / island / 2325 / have fun . pussyman .
",1
37,"Subject: 
 
 when it comes to porn , this site does n't mess around . they dish out more than a mouthful , quick and easy . dive into more than 700 + xxx - rated strip shows and video feeds plus thousands of pics including teens , orgies , asians , amateurs , exclusive photo shoots , and more . try our ' cyberfolds ' section where you can massage the girl live on screen or watch a hidden peep cam ! if you want to just try it out , to see if it 's worth it , you can signup for an entire week for just $ 3 . 95 . use the link below http : / / 209 . 125 . 202 . 39 / a001 / index . html over 18 ' s only may access this site
",1
38,"Subject: they can even steal your identity !
 
 are you being investigated ? has your personal and credit information been stolen ? has someone assumed your identity ? would you like to locate an old friend , relative , military buddy or sweetheart ? do you want to find a person 's assets to collect a debt or judgement ? would you like to check a person 's criminal record before renting them space or giving them employment ? would you like to fix up your credit bureau report , create a new identity or even disappear ? are you going to have surgery ? would you like to know how many malpractice suits have been filed against your doctor ? now you can learn all this plus much , much more with our brand new 45 page report "" internet sleuth "" ! learn the internet tools and resources that are used to investigate you , your relatives , friends , neighbors , enemies , employees or anyone else ! we will give you thousands of internet locations to look up people , credit , social security , current or past employment , driving records , criminal records , medical information , military records , addresses , phone numbers , immigration , divorce , labor and criminal laws ! we will also give you sources to find missing children and parents , hazardous waste sites , how to do freedom of information act information searches , how to do skip tracing and backround checks on prospective dates , brides or grooms , employees , renters , vendors , new clients and competitors ! you will also learn about and where to get surveillance and spy devices , private mail forwarding and annonymous email forwarding sites , search for copyrights , patents and court cases and how to make your assets untraceable ! we will show you how to get copies of credit reports , adoption databases , information on drugs , poisons and how to get your share of government programs and benefits ! can you find this information by using the internet search engines ? the answer is maybe if you get lucky and if you want to spend many hours going through 25 , 000 plus hits per subject ! we and our staff have spent hundreds of hours and many thousands of dollars compiling this information for you ! now you can have it on a silver platter for less than twenty bucks during this special email promotion ! you frequently hear over the media , television , radio , the newspapers , how personal information is being used , traded and sold over the internet . . . usually without your permission or knowledge . our report will show you how it is done ! ! ! would you like to find that old romantic flame . . . find telephone , address or email information on almost anyone . . . even unlisted phone numbers ? how about your family "" tree "" ? we will teach you how to turn years of work into hours of fun ! military ? check army , navy , air force and marine records . extensive vietnamese war records , mia info , much more ! looking for a job ? find the job you are seeking . . . even in another state or another country ! we will teach you how ! looking for a new love interest or spouse or even sex partner ? we will show you where to look for fast results ! want up-to - the-minute health and medical information ? learn how to cure fears and phoebias , the latest drugs and treatments for almost any ailment or desease from the drug companies themselves as well as from universities and the center for desease control . want to learn the most effective way to loose weight ? it 's all here in our report ! if you believe that the information compiled about you should be as available to you as to the people that compile it about you without your knowledge or permission than you must order "" the internet sleuth report "" immediately ! our "" internet sleuth report "" is normally sold by direct mail for $ 39 . 95 and will soon be in book stores for $ 29 . 95 . however , to generate publicity and "" get the word out "" we are making this 10 day email special offer of our complete 45 page report for only $ 19 . 95 plus $ 3 for shipping and handling [ total $ 22 . 95 ] . sold with our 10 day money back guarantee ! this is the biggest bargain on the internet and the information it will give to you will give you great power ! it can really change your life in a positive way . order now ! the complete 45 page "" internet sleuth report "" only $ 19 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling - total $ 22 . 95 . shipped in plain wrapper by first class mail . add $ 5 for priority mail delivery . add $ 20 for overnight express ! we accept visa , mastercard , american express or discover . we can also accept your check by phone or fax . you may order by phone 9 am to 10 pm [ ny time ] by phoning [ 718 ] 287-3800 you may order by fax 24 hours per day by phoning our fax line at [ 718 ] 462-5920 . you can fax your credit card information or your check to email your order - do not hit reply on your keyboard send email to our special email address below : bernadette38 @ juno . com [ note : if you order by email and do not receive an email confirmation within 24 hours , please phone our office at 718-287 - 3800 ] you can also order by mail by sending $ 22 . 95 cash , check , money order or major credit card [ visa , mastercard , american express or discover ] to tcps , inc . 4718 18th ave . suite 135 brooklyn , ny 11204 make checks & money orders payable to tcps , inc . new york state residents please add $ 1 . 70 for sales tax the following order form is for your convenience ! use it by mail , fax or email ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please ship me _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ copies of the internet sleuth report at $ 19 . 95 each plus $ 3 . 00 for shipping and handling [ $ 22 . 95 ] signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp date _ _ _ _ _ _ ship to : name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ area code and home phone [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax # [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to remove your name from our mailing list , send us an email with remove in the subject line . this is a one time offer and you should not hear from us again ! tcps , inc . , 4718 18th ave . , suite 135 , brooklyn , ny 11204 office [ 718 ] 287-3800 fax [ 718 ] 462-5920 24 hours [ 9am to 10pm ny time ] [ c ] copyright 1998 tcps , inc . all rights reserved .
",1
39,"Subject: wanted ! home product assemblers !
 
 looking for home product assemblers ! ! how would you like to assemble products at home & get paid ! choose your own hours ! be your own boss ! easy work ! excellent pay ! earn hundreds of dollars weekly ! here are just a few examples of the work you will have to choose from : wooden products - up to $ 220 . 00 weekly ! hair accessories - up to $ 320 . 00 weekly ! holiday crafts - up to $ 270 . 00 weekly ! beaded accessories - up to $ 350 . 00 weekly ! . . . . . . . plus many others . there are over 75 companies to choose from ! why not enjoy the benefits and freedom of home assembly work ! to find out more call . . . . . toll free ( 24 hour recording ) 1-800 - 600-0343 office extension # 2425 . usa publishing co . p . o . box 8950 rocky mount nc 27804 name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city & state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ q 04627caa
",1
40,"Subject: secrets of the noveau rich
 
 you have just stumbled upon something very real and life changing ! work full or part time at your pace - - at home or office . not mlm or a ' scam ' . your job will be to tour your prospects through the turnkey system utilizing strong support teams and allow them to access and understand the powerful opportunities available through this association . no personal selling ! ! complete training and team support is at your fingertips - - immediately ! $ 1 , 000 . 00 to $ 5 , 000 . 00 per week is typical for most associates within thirty days ! turnkey leads are available ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * if you have been looking for a home-based business opportunity , this could be your lucky day ! over twenty thousands individuals , like-minded entrepreneurs , intent upon making profits , have within the last four years , turned a one-time investment into a powerful money making operation ! many are making in excess of $ 50 , 000 . 00 per month . ask to speak to some of them and hear their story ! your growth and progression within the association will allow travel to exotic places , learn the secrets of the very wealthy - - how to make money and keep it , and a hands-on education in many other wealth building opportunities . is this the right time for you ? are you ready to ' roll up your sleeves and get to work ? ' if you are click link below to make contact = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = click here = = = = = = > > > click here put the word "" succeed "" in the subject field plus the information below and click send . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - please include the following : without this information you will not be contacted - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - name home or work phone number the best time to contact you = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = to remove from mailing list click link below : click here put the words "" remove now "" in the subject field and click send .
",1
41,"Subject: how does debt-free sound ?
 
 if it sounds good , then we can help you attain that goal . qualifying to being debt-free is now at your fingertips and there are no long distance calls to make or travel plans to arrange . american capital can save you a huge amount of money on monthly payments as well as in taxes , at no cost to you . free loan evaluation : http : / / 208 . 26 . 207 . 79 / moneyhelp / 175 . html we are american capital mortgage services , we specialize in helping homeowners establish one easy low monthly payment with the added benefit of not needing any equity in your home . american capital is constantly working with other lenders throughout the u . s . to provide you with the best interest rate possible . we have a number of different companies that we work with and this is at no cost to you ever . we are simply a referral agency . what do you have to lose , why not give it a shot and see if you can better your situation and save yourself hundreds per month . you can have the cash in your pocket usually within 7-14 days . did you know that your loan is tax deductible ? all we ask for is your name , address , phone number and e-mail address . the rest is optional . this way a representative can personally call you so he or she can answer all your detailed questions . for a free loan evaluation please , visit our website by clicking here : http : / / 208 . 26 . 207 . 79 / moneyhelp / 175 . html or type : http : / / 208 . 26 . 207 . 79 / moneyhelp / 175 . html in your browser . put us to the test . i know we can help you . kindest regards * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this message complies with the proposed united states federal requirements for commercial email as well as the washington state commercial email bill . for additional information see : http : / / www . senate . gov / ~ murkowski / commercialemail / emailamendtext . html washington state commercial email bill : http : / / ww . wa . gov / wwweb / ago / junkemail / required sender information : american capital ft . thomas , ky 41075 thall14 @ sprynet . com 1-212 - 796-6549 if you wish to be removed from this mailing list , go to : http : / / www . remove-list . com
",1
42,"Subject: `
 
 hello ! come see our naughty little city made especially for adults http : / / 208 . 26 . 207 . 98 / freeweek / enter . html once you get here , you won't want to leave !
",1
43,"Subject: attract women now ! ! ( 30740 )
 
 attract women now ! ! ! with nature 's secret weapon . . . . pheromones invisible , odorless , and undetectable , when unknowingly inhaled by any adult woman , androstenone pheromone concentrate unblocks all restraints and unleashes her raw animal sex drive ! scientists have isolated the natural human male pheromone attractants and they are now available to you , legally , in the u . s . ! the power of androstenone has been featured on hardcopy , 20 / 20 , dateline , and in articles in penthouse , playboy , chic , swank , vogue , omni , discovery and numerous medical journals , television shows and newspapers from the n . y . times to the l . a . times . for the last five years , we have been researching and marketing pheromone products . we have sold thousands of bottles . we receive letters of praise daily , from men across the country ! every time you wear androstenone pheromone concentrate , it will send out a natural chemical signal of sex appeal to women that will compel them towards you , make you irresistible to them and they will not know why . attract women : pheromones will miraculously increase your sexual attractiveness with women . this will allow you to meet more women then you ever imagined ! even after a small application of androstenone pheromone concentrate , you will notice women suddenly making eye contact , flirting , and even walking up to you and introducing themselves ! arrouse your spouse or existing sexual partner : start a new passion between you and your mate and re-energize your existing relationship ! androstenone will rejuvenate her passion for you ! pheromone stimulation restores the attraction she felt when you first met ! androstenone is the only known true male human pheromone tested showing positive vno response in women , and proven time and time again to attract women . for a limited time , we are offering one bottle of androstenone pheromone concentrate for only $ 19 . 95 ! . . . thats right , only $ 19 . 95 ! money back guarantee : if you do n't immediately notice a drastic increase in the amount of women approaching you , send the remainder of your androstenone pheromone concentrate back for a full refund ! 1 bottle of impulse . . . $ 19 . 95 or buy 2 bottles and receive a 3rd bottle free ! orders shipped the day they are received . all items are shipped in discreet unmarked packaging . order by check or credit card ( your credit card will be discreetly billed . ) to find out more , visit our website : http : / / 208 . 166 . 10 . 7 / thera / index . htm if you do not have web access , you can place an order by sending check or money order ( total amount + $ 4 . 95 s + h ) to : amazing products , inc . 1334 e . chandler bl . # 5-a11 phoenix , az 85048 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 84822
",1
44,"Subject: only if you are serious . . . will i help you retire in 2 to 3 years !
 
 time is money so why waste my time or yours . . . . . . you have to be serious about retiring in 2 to 3 years with the money u need to live the life u always wanted yes , you have to work hard but we can help you regardless of you ' re current age or financial situation please only if you are serious ( not curious ) call the number today for a 24 hour recorded message 1-800 - 995-0796 ext . 8511 c # ed
",1
45,"Subject: free promotional offer
 
 for ' your ' very own 100 % free web site go to this site : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / freewebsites / * * * no charge * * * * * * no commitment * * * * * * no problem * * * opportunity seekers and internet marketers small or large this site is also for you . earn a prosperous income giving away free web sites . . . already have a web site ? how would you like your site linked to thousands of other web sites ? go to this amazing site and find out how . . . http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / freewebsites / * * * no charge * * * * * * no commitment * * * * * * no problem * * * this is truly going to be the site of the century ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * please excuse the intrusion . this will be a one time free offer mailing only * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",1
46,"Subject: "" complete home business kit ! ! ""
 
 earn over $ 70 , 000 a month in your own home based business and legally pay very little taxes ! ! this is not , i repeat , this is not mlm or chainletter junk ! ! ! friend ; those are strong words , i know . but if you ' re not making at least a tenth of this every month you need to pay attention because i have an important message on how you can make what i ' m earning and do it within the next 90 days ! ! for years i have spun my wheels in various home based business opportunities with little success . a few months ago i finally found the key to making bundles of money , right from my home , selling a product everyone in the world needs and wants . . . information ! i ' m going to help you do the same if you just listen to learn how to make over $ 70 , 000 a month with one of hottest selling reports in the world today ! 1 ) i will set you up in your own home based business for only $ 50 . 00 ! 2 ) i will give you one of the fastest selling products in the world you can reproduce yourself for pennies ! 3 ) i will show you how you can become a self publisher & sell one of the most powerful & provocative reports ever written - right from your own home ! 4 ) i will let you keep all the money you make selling this product ! you do n't need to spend thousands of dollars , bear enormous risk and work hundreds of hours a week to start this legitimate business from your home . in a matter of hours you can start working at home , from your kitchen table , making from $ 50 to $ 1 , 000 a day ! ! here is all you will need . . . # 1 . the hottest selling publication in the world today called offshore special report number 5599 . # 2 . a copy machine or a quick copy service that can duplicate ofs 's offshore special report . # 3 . a quality mailing list or a local or national publication to run a simple four line classified ad ! # 4 . a mail box to collect the hundreds of orders you will be receiving everyday - six days a week ! # 5 this letter , which you obviously already have , just save it . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the key to any business success is to have a product or service everyone in the world needs and wants . that product should be inexpensive to produce & easy to ship . you will have that product with ofs 's offshore special report number 5599 ! ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ofs 's offshore special report number 5599 will change peoples lives throughout the world by showing them how they can make and save money by removing themselves from the strict rules , regulations and tax burdens their government has imposed on them in the last few years . brace yourself - most people are taken aback by what i am about to tell you regarding ofs 's offshore special report number 5599 . in ofs 's offshore special report number 5599 you will find out that . . . unfair & discriminatory divorce settlements are made obsolete in this report ! ruthless creditors will cringe if they know you have read this report ! blood sucking lawyers may go broke by you reading this report ! heartless tax agencies see red when they read this report ! sneaky politicians use the information in this report everyday ! your greedy banker does not want you to read this report ! this report is blackballed by most government agencies ! back stabbing relatives hate this report ! you will also learn & or have access to . . . ways politicians & the rich get even richer using trusts and how you can do the same ! incorporate offshore - completely private and away from your government 's regulations ! your own secret offshore mailing address - no one will know your real address . offshore private checking account - deposit money and pay your bills from offshore - no paper trails . save up to 50 % on printing & mail & have your sales material mailed from jamaica - are you in the mail order business ? here 's a money saving opportunity no one else can offer ! offshore investors - do you have a viable funding project ? offshore tax havens - legally delay or eliminate taxes - no one knows - not even your government ! offshore ibc 's & trusts - asset protection from creditors and your government ! offshore phone answering service - more privacy - more protection ! offshore self - liquidating loans - if structured right , never needs to be paid back ! high yield offshore investment opportunities - find out how the rich make from 1 % to 4 % a week on their money - offshore and tax free - you can do the same ! offshore visa card regardless of credit - no paper trails - works in any atm worldwide ! up to 100 % financing on residential and commercial property - hard to place mortgage sources ! bill consolidation regardless of credit rating - stop those harassing creditors within days using this credit source ! lines of credit up to $ 15 , 000 regardless of credit - these credit cards are major bankcards ! secret money - secrecy is a thriving industry - you will have access to these secret money sources ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with all this valuable information in report number 5599 , do you see why it 's the hottest selling report in the world today ? this information is not accessible just anywhere ! information like this can not be found at your local library . it is well worth $ 50 . 00 - in fact its well worth thousands of dollars by showing people how they can save a hundred times that amount in taxes alone ! the best deal of all is that you will have full reprints rights and the permission to sell ofs 's offshore special report number 5599 . you keep all the money ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ information is the perfect product . it 's easy to reproduce , easy to ship and easy to sell especially when it 's as powerful as report # 5599 . the market is unlimited in that you can sell report # 5599 to anyone , anyplace in the world . the potential is unlimited because there are billions of people throughout the world who need report # 5599 and are being introduced to report # 5599 this minute . everyone . . . i mean everyone needs report # 5599 . . . . people who have a j . o . b . and have "" more month than money "" - you know "" just over broke "" ! ! people who are self-employed - paying that "" self employment tax "" and are prime candidates for law suits from every direction ! people who are sick and tired of frivolous law suits - did you know that in the u . s . there are 2 . 67 lawyers for every 1 , 000 people ? most lawyers are hungry and need to sue someone for any reason to survive ! professional people such as doctors , engineers , technicians , architects , stock - brokers , accountants , and yes even lawyers ! - you know those people in the higher than average tax brakets ! people who are getting married or are married and plan on living happily ever after - now back to reality - the u . s . has a divorce rate that exceeds 60 % every year ! partners who want to make sure their partnership is a true 50-50 deal now and in the future ! people who live in a country that has strict rules and regulations limiting where and how they can run their business and manage their money ! people who are retired and at the mercy of their governments ' rules concerning social security income and medical benefits ! people who want to retire but cannot afford to because of lack of income or the rules forced upon them by their government restricting them from receiving a decent income ! people who are high audit risks or have been audited by their governments ' dictatorial tax agency - you know "" guilty until proven innocent "" ! people who are paying their government 40 % to 60 % in taxes and are sick and tired of doing so ! people who are close to bankruptcy and need to find a solution as soon as possible - 20 % to 40 % of the people in the united states are a paycheck away from bankruptcy - yes those people ! people who want to make sure their children receive 100 % of their inheritance without the government stealing it away ! people who need credit and have been turned down through traditional sources , such as their local friendly bank ! people who want to keep their business and personal affairs private - hard to do this day and age with all the computers ! people who have the dream of financial independence and want to make thousands a day running their own home based business ! you must agree with me there is a tremendous market throughout the world ; of people who are breathing and paying taxes which are prime candidates for report # 5599 ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ since we have determined the entire world is a prime candidate for report # 5599 let me show you how easy it is to sell report # 5599 working from your kitchen table ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hold on ! ! how rude of me ! i have been talking to you from the beginning of this email , without officially introducing myself ! so let me officially introduce myself - i ' m one of several ofs independent associates making five digits every month ! i ' ll be your sponsor - i ' m the person who you will pay the $ 50 . 00 to and receive report # 5599 ! i ' m the person who will change your life forever ! i ' m the person who wants to see you succeed because if you succeed - i succeed ! i want to make sure you succeed and see you sell hundreds , even thousands of reports every week . the more you sell the more money i can make ! its ' true that you keep all of the $ 50 . 00 when you sell a report . you pay me nothing other than the initial $ 50 . 00 for the report - not one single dollar - you keep it all . sell only 10 reports a week and make $ 500 - you keep it all ! sell 100 reports a week and you make $ 5 , 000 - you keep it all ! sell 500 reports a week and make $ 25 , 000 - you keep it all ! ! ! before i tell you how and why i make money every time you sell a report , let me show you how easy it is to advertise and sell "" the hottest selling report in the world "" - ofs 's offshore special report number 5599 ! . this report has been designed to be self-contained with all the marketing concepts on how to sell the report right inside . in your copy of report # 5599 you will have access to the following marketing strategies and tools . . . sample of proven classified ads you can place in local or national publications that will make you filthy rich ! a powerful photo ready copy of a postcard you can put your name & address on and have the $ 50 . 00 sent directly to you - automatically . i will show you how you can print and mail that postcard - first class - for as little as twelve cents ( u . s ) each ! once you send in your certificate of registration from report # 5599 you will also receive . . . additional dynamite classified and display ads that will generate hundreds , even thousands , of responses guaranteed to fill your mail box with $ 50 . 00 orders ! places to advertise for as little as seven cents ( u . s . ) per word reaching over 73 , 000 , 000 people ! a co-op advertising program sharing the leads and sales generated from national television infomercials ! a photo ready copy of this order pulling sales letter for your use to mail to the respondents of your ads ! duplicatable copy of an audio cassette tape of this order pulling sales letter ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ become an offshore broker and make more money than most dream of helping others find and save money ! ofs 's offshore special report number 5599 has a variety of money making opportunities and the "" offshore broker "" is just one of them ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i ' m not greedy - i just love what money does for me & my family ! as the person who introduced you to report # 5599 i have the opportunity to make over-rides on every report # 5599 you sell . you see , i ' m not happy just making $ 50 . 00 on the report i sold you . i would like to retire in the near future , sit back and receive hundreds , even thousands , of dollars a week for my past efforts of selling report # 5599 . in report # 5599 there are additional money-making opportunities by having people establishing what are called international business corporations , asset protection trusts ( among other offshore business support services ) and i can receive commissions and over-rides having people buying these services whether i personally sell them myself or you sell them through the initial sale of report # 5599 . that 's why i ' m interested in your success . i want you to become a millionaire by selling thousands of reports . here are a few of the additional money making opportunities contained in report # 5599 from which i can make over-rides by becoming an "" offshore broker "" . . . = > first , i make $ 50 . 00 on report # 5599 ( i initally sold to you ) in addition . . . = > i can make up to $ 100 helping people set up an offshore checking account ! = > i can make up to $ 240 for every international business corporation established ! = > i can make up to $ 1 , 000 for every trust set up - domestic or offshore ! = > i can make up to $ 50 for every self-liquidating loan manual sold ! = > i can make up to $ 100 for every offshore print & mail order ! = > i can make up to $ 100 for every offshore visa card established ! = > i can make up to $ 100 for everyone who receives a $ 15 , 000 unsecured line of credit through a major bank credit card ! = > if i feel really energetic i can set up and run a trust agency in my area and have people sell trusts for me ( somewhat like an insurance agency ) ! the money-making potential is tremendous by hiring several people who work in my area . i ' m your sponsor and because of my efforts in selling you report # 5599 , i have the opportunity to make lifetime residuals from your efforts in selling report # 5599 to others ! i ' m truly amazed at the marketing concept offered through ofs 's offshore special report number 5599 . the concept is so simple and it is completely duplicatable ! by making sure you make thousands of dollars a week i ' m going to get filthy stinking rich off your success ! if it seems like i am bragging and rubbing it in about how i ' m going to make bundles of money from your efforts it 's true ! ! you should be as excited as i am because report # 5599 allows you to duplicate my efforts ! when you sell a report to others you will then be in my position - to make all the over-rides and commissions i have just talked about - on those who then sell report # 5599 ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the following questions & answers are designed to answer most of the concerns you may have . this should give you enough information to determine if ofs 's offshore special report # 5599 is your tool for making thousands of dollars a week in a home based business . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ q . do i have to personally sell the report & the other offshore business support services to people who respond to my ads ? a . no ! this is really a two fold question . let 's talk about the selling of report # 5599 first . all you have to do is place an ad , mail the postcards or send bulk email . if you place an ad send the respondent this sales letter and let this sales letter do the rest for you - no need to talk to anyone ! ! if you mail the postcards or use bulk emailing your job is done ! the postcard will ask the respondent to send $ 50 . 00 to your mailing address . email will work for you if you send it to as many people as you can . if you decide to become an offshore broker and qualify to receive over-rides and commission on the offshore business support services the parent company will do the selling for you if you wish . this is a "" no brainer "" and can be as simple or as complicated as you want to make it . . . talk to the people if you wish or do n't - report # 5599 sells itself ! q . how many hours a week will i have to devote to my business ? a . one to sixty hours a week ! here 's a question i will answer with a question . . . how much money do you want to make ? common sense says the more ads you run and the more mailings you do the more money you will make ! the statistics show that for every 100 responses you receive from your ads , and you mail this sales letter , you will sell five to ten reports making you $ 250 . 00 to $ 500 . 00 ( us ) . your ad responses will vary depending on the place you advertise and the circulation of the publication . the more ads you run or the more emails you send out the more time you will need to devote to your home based business . q . just how much money will i need to start my home based business ? a . $ 50 . 00 ! yeah i know - you ' re thinking you will need money for ads and mailing . well - i ' ve had people start with $ 50 . 00 ( u . s ) and make ten copies of the report and sold them to their associates and friends giving them $ 500 . 00 ( us ) . that gave them enough money to start running ads and to buy stamps . in looking at all the money making opportunities offered in the world today i really do n't think you can get started for any less than $ 50 . 00 and have a better legitimate money-making opportunity than the one offered in report # 5599 ! q . if i have additional questions who will answer them for me ? a . i will or the parent company will ! no package of information , no matter how complete , can possibly answer every question that may come up . i do not want you to lose money seeking out the answers . i want you to succeed ! you will receive a phone number in report # 5599 where you can either reach me or someone from the parent company for any question or help you need ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ here 's a valuable bonus for ordering within 5 days . . . . your 's absolutely free ! ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i have persuaded the parent company - offshore financial services , ltd . - to give you their ofs offshore business journal - volume i - free of charge - as a bonus for ordering report # 5599 within 5 days of receiving this email . you will receive the journal when you send in your "" certificate of registration "" found in the report . the information in this journal is priceless and can not be found anywhere but right here ! ! here 's a sample of that information : bonus # 1 ofs 's offshore business journal > your irs returns are suppose to be private - not so ! > funds through on-line computer services ! > raising capital without borrowing from the bank ! > how to get medicines before they ' re approved by the fda ! > airlines will handle your baggage with special care if you know the secret ! > you can borrow money from your ira . just do n't call it a loan > how to get free subscriptions to over 60 magazines ! > establish aaa credit in 30 days ! > why americans are mad as hell ! > sources for quick cash loans . bonus # 2 report # 5599 support package . > how to reach over 73 , 000 , 000 people for as little as 7 cents per word ! > how to set up voice mail and never talk to anyone who responds to your ads . > to use or not to use a mailing list ? > how to receive free names to mail to . > how to mail your postcards & sales flyers "" first class "" for a low as 12 cents each - includes printing ! > how to collect $ 5 from people who want to receive this sales letter ! bonus # 3 bulk - emailer 's dream package . by ordering within the next 5 days , you will also receive a floppy disk packed full of online marketing tips from two of the nation 's top electronic marketers . i have previously offered this disk for $ 79 . 95 , but by purchasing report # 5599 through this special offer within the next 5 days , it will be yours for free ! ! i will also include another floppy disk with over 150 hot money making reports that you can sell together or individually ! bulk - email has been proven to be the most effective way to market on the internet . by ordering within the next 5 days ; i will include a program that collects names from aol chat rooms at a maximum rate of over 10 , 000 per hour ! ! you will receive high response rates marketing to these fresh names that you have collected yourself . now all you will need is a bulk-email program , you will receive a link where you can download a free fully working demonstration bulk - email program that will allow you to begin earning profits the day you receive my package . you will not need to be concerned with losing your isp because i will show you exactly how to send hundreds of thousands of emails per day while cloaking your isp 's mail server and your identity at the same time ! ! stop the presses ! ! , i ' m not finished giving away free extras yet ! i have just learned of a brand new isp that is offering free access ! ! ! that 's right totally free unlimited internet access ! ! if your order is received via fax within the next 24hrs i will tell you how to sign up for this free service which is a $ 240 / yr value order now ! ! with all that i will be providing you , your success is guaranteed . you will not receive this offer again ; by ordering report # 5599 within the next 5 days all of the above information will be yours for a measly us $ 50 . 00 . order today ! ! why am i giving away so much for so little ? good question . . . it is my personal belief that any responsible hardworking person can achieve financial security given the proper opportunity and information . . the rich have kept opportunities and information to themselves that would allow anyone of us to achieve unparalleled success easily . that is why i am giving away a solid product , plus all the information needed to successfully sell that product , for only us $ 50 . 00 to anyone with enough interest and patience to read this letter . sincerely , your sponsor ofs independent associate risk free guarantee if you are not completely satisfied after reading report # 5599 and its support package simply return them both within 120 days for a full refund . no questions asked . you keep the floppy disks , business journal and dream package . you have nothing to risk and a fortune to make . here 's your risk free opportunity to change your financial situation forever ! ! { cut } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = special report # 5599 order form _ _ _ please rush me a copy of ofs 's offshore special report # 5599 and all bonuses . i understand i have full reprint rights and can sell report # 5599 for $ 50 . 00 ( u . s . ) keeping all the money ! _ _ _ i have enclosed a check / money order for $ 50 . 00 please mail the report to ( please print clearly ) your name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ zip : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : ( _ _ _ ) _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : ( _ _ _ ) _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mail this form & the check or money order for us $ 50 . 00 to the address below : dynamic communications p . o . box 373-356 decatur , ga 30037-3356 fax : ( 770 ) 234-4241 phone : ( 404 ) 274-8669 or , if you prefer , you may also pay by faxing your credit card information or copy of your check to the number above along with the information requested on the order form . please note : if ordering by credit card be sure to include card type , number and expiration date . after dialing you will be prompted to press 2 for fax . sorry , report # 5599 is too big for us to email it to you , we will send it priority mail within 24 hrs of receipt of your order .
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47,"Subject: advertisement
 
 this message complies with the proposed united states federal requirements for commercial email . for additional information see : your e - mail address is on a list saying you would like to information on this type of service . further mailings to you may be stopped at no cost to you by sending a reply with remove as the subject . all remove requests will be honored immediately as outlined under the murkowski bill at . attempts to cancel any aforementioned email accounts will result in the inability to process remove requests , your or anyone else 's . please include all addresses where you receive email to avoid receiving further mailings from us . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ are you haveing a hard time finding places that will give you a credit card or a merchant card . if you are then maybe we can help you get the credit we all must have give us a try . we do each card search by hand starting with your town then your state and so on and so on . point your browser to http : / / www . creditime . com / we have a good deal for you
",1
48,"Subject: make unlimited income !
 
 make unlimited income no meetings , no phone calls , no conference calls , no selling , no monthly quotas or chasing around friends and relatives ! simply advertise our company ' s 800 number under your personal code number . the company will answer all calls and questions , make the sales , collect the money , ship the product and send you a check for each sale ! for proof , call 24 hrs . / day . . . . recorded messages . . . 1-888 - 446-6951 , 1-888 - 703-5389 , 1-888 - 731-3457 and 1-888 - 715-0642 . to get started right away , call 1-800 - 811-2141 ( from 8am to 10pm . . cst . . mon-sat . ) and give code number 56404 when asked by our trained professional . ask about a free ! ! vacation when you call : ) thank you
",1
49,"Subject: - - | > direct email-secrets + stumbling blocks
 
 are you ready to reach new prospects without the technical hassle ? do you use direct email marketing ? direct email uses similar principles involved in the familiar model of direct postal mail . if done correctly , one 's success is sure to come . if not performed correctly , then it becomes a case of luck . the 4 basic principle of direct email : are you familiar with the four basic process involved in a successful direct email campaign ? these basic steps are what the professional , consistent and successful direct emailers use . they are the foundation and root of the direct email model . the basic process includes the following : 1 . consistently accessing new and fresh lists 2 . consistently updating lists 3 . consistently sending your ad at reasonable intervals ( repetition is the key = look at tv commercials ) 4 . optimizing your ad and subject to a more "" order pulling "" ad do you know aida ? aida is an acronym of the model used in creating powerful and effective sales letters , which is widely used in advertising today . grab one of several direct mail and direct email letters and read them at least three times . the powerful and effective letters follow aida . what 's aida stand for ? a = grab the prospect 's "" attention "" i = create "" interest "" by providing some information d = create stimulaton the produces "" desire "" a = demand immediate "" action "" do you need current and supplemental prospect email lists ? do you need fresh lists every day , every week or every month ? do you need more new prospects - never reached before ? if you answered yes , our email update service will provide you new and fresh email contacts . never run out of email prospects ! ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ more info ( 24 hrs ) : 626-839 - 3835 ( us ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19gj643d5697
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50,"Subject: re : hello
 
 * * * * * * warning ! this message is for porno webmasters and / or persons working in the porno industry . if you receive this by mistake , we apologize for any inconveniences incurred . please reply with "" remove "" in the "" subject "" area and you will be removed from our mailing list . * * * * * * fellow porno webmaster , there is a new underground porno site in town ! you will find new resources to improve your site ! underground porno site your support of the internet adult coalition is greatly appreciated . sincerely , tara iac member los angeles , ca
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51,"Subject: adv . small business owner
 
 this message complies with the proposed united states federal requirements for commercial email as well as the washington state commercial email bill , per section 301 , paragraph ( a ) ( 2 ) ( c ) of s . 1618 . for additional information see : http : / / www . senate . gov / ~ murkowski / commercialemail / emailamendtext . html washington state commercial email bill : http : / / ww . wa . gov / wwweb / ago / junkemail / required sender information : andalucia international limited 3588 plymouth road ann arbor , mi 48105 usa andalucia @ mailexcite . com further transmissions to you by the sender of this email may be stopped at no cost to you by sending a reply to this email address with the word "" remove "" in the subject line . * * * we do honor any remove request . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = august 18 , 1998 dear sir / madam thousands of small business owners are doubling their income , with less than an hour of work each week . now you can too ! you probably think of ways to make more money every single day of your life . that 's your job as a small business owner or an internet marketer . if you do n't make more money , eventually you ' ll go out of business . but maybe the methods you come up with do n't always succeed because no "" idea "" for making money is guaranteed to increase your income . until now . we ' ve come up with a proven way to make any small business owner more successful . for just $ 30 , hundreds of marketers and business owners are using "" the 50 million e - mail addresses on a cd-rom "" every day to promoting , marketeting thier business and double , even triple their income . all you have to do is order the "" 50 million e - mail addresses on a cd-rom "" today , and you can join them in living a more luxurious life , and you ' ll only have to work at it an hour every week . of course , the more you work and promote , the more you ' ll make - - and when you ' re making this much money , you can afford to hire someone to do the work for you . you ' ll be making more money after using the 50 million e - mail addresses on a cd-rom for just one month . then you ' ll be saying things like "" this 50 e - mail addresses on a cd-rom is the best easiest , fastest way to promote your business and make more money that i ' ve ever come across as a business owner . "" doubling your income is as easy as ordering now . sincerely , dr . al baroudi president / ceo andalucia international ltd _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ send a check or money order with to andalucia international ltd . 3588 plymouth road ann arbor , mi 48105 usa ( yes ) please find enclosed my payment of $ 36 ( $ 30 . 00 plus $ 6 . 00 fedex ) for my copy of the amazing 50 million e-mail addresses on a cd-rom including a copy of netscape communicator "" 4 "" as my free gift . i can use / rent / copy and resell these lists any way i want and at any price i chose . name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ or visit us at : http : / / members . spree . com / andalucia / bizop4 . htm
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52,"Subject: * we purchase uncollected judgments - -
 
 we purchase uncollected judicial judgments ! ! if you , your company or an acquaintance have an uncollected judicial judgment then please call us and find out how we can help you receive the money that the court states you are rightfully due . we have strong interest in acquiring uncollected judicial judgments in your city and area . itc is the largest firm in the world specializing in the purchase and collection of judicial judgments . currently we are processing over 637 million dollars worth of judgments in the united states alone . we have associate offices in virtually every city in the us and in most foreign countries . you have nothing to lose and everything to gain by calling . there is absolutely no cost to you . we can be reached toll free at 1-800 - 409-8302 extension 1279 . you can call 24 hours per day . thank you for your time + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + another internet ad campaign produced and distributed by : cyber advertising systems , ny , ny 10011 . please call cyber advertising systems at 1-800 - 409-8302 extension 1284 if you would like us to design and distribute powerful advertising for your company . success courses is pleased with the advertising we have developed for them . if you have a solid well proven product or service then we would be proud to help your company also . to be removed from our mailing list please reply to us at gardernst67 @ yahoo . com and type the word remove on the subject line only . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
",1
53,"Subject: go speed racer go
 
 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = removal and general information can be found at the end of the message . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = our company is proud to bring to you some of the best of cartoon history ! do you remember "" speed racer "" , "" racer x "" , "" mach v "" ? the whole gangs , the cars and drivers , have now been captured on three beautiful sericels . these colorful sericels feature "" speed racer "" , "" racer x "" , and "" the speed racer family "" ! to further enhance the collectible aspects of these sericels , they have been signed by peter fernandez ( the voices of speed and racer x ) , corrine orr ( voices of trixie and spritle ) . the retail value of these fabulous sericels is $ 200 . 00 , what a wonderful gift ! you can choose your favorite sericel for $ 75 . 00 or you may purchase all three for $ 149 . 95 , ( $ 49 . 95 each ) . you can even make three monthly payments of $ 49 . 95 with zero interest . ( shipping and handling is included ) . add to your animation collection free ! as part of this promotion , when you go see this special speed racer sericels and participate in our brief art industry survey , we will give you free of charge an original hand painted cel from the blockbuster teenage mutant ninja turtles series . ( shipping and handling , not included ) . to view speed racer , the free turtle cel survey offer , along with other special offers , please visit us at http : / / www . art-gifts . cc . you will be glad you did . tell a friend . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = this service is provided by internet marketing technologies usa inc . imt uses in-house targeted email lists . this message is in compliance with the proposed united states federal requirements for commercial email . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = should you wish to be excluded from all imt 's future email campaigns , please send your request to remove @ art-gifts . cc . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = deleting this message will not inform us of your removal request . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = for additional information see : http : / / www . senate . gov / ~ murkowski / commercialemail / emailamendtext . html = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = company : internet marketing technologies ( usa ) inc . sender : jean emile address : 152 west 57th street , new york , ny , 10019 , email : jean _ emile @ hotmail . com phone : ( 888 ) 877-6834 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
",1
54,"Subject: . . . . . . go speedracer , go . . . . . go speedracer , go . . . .
 
 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = removal and general information can be found at the end of the message . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = our company is proud to bring to you some of the best of cartoon history ! do you remember "" speed racer "" , "" racer x "" , "" mach v "" ? the whole gangs , the cars and drivers , have now been captured on three beautiful sericels . these colorful sericels feature "" speed racer "" , "" racer x "" , and "" the speed racer family "" ! to further enhance the collectible aspects of these sericels , they have been signed by peter fernandez ( the voices of speed and racer x ) , corrine orr ( voices of trixie and spritle ) . the retail value of these fabulous sericels is $ 200 . 00 , what a wonderful gift ! you can choose your favorite sericel for $ 75 . 00 or you may purchase all three for $ 149 . 95 , ( $ 49 . 95 each ) . you can even make three monthly payments of $ 49 . 95 with zero interest . ( shipping and handling is included ) . add to your animation collection free ! as part of this promotion , when you go see this special speed racer sericels and participate in our brief art industry survey , we will give you free of charge an original hand painted cel from the blockbuster teenage mutant ninja turtles series . ( shipping and handling , not included ) . to view speed racer , the free turtle cel survey offer , along with other special offers , please visit us at http : / / www . contemporary-art . cc . you will be glad you did . tell a friend . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = this service is provided by internet marketing technologies usa inc . imt uses in-house targeted email lists . this message is in compliance with the proposed united states federal requirements for commercial email . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = should you wish to be excluded from all imt 's future email campaigns , please send your request to remove @ contemporary-art . cc . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = deleting this message will not inform us of your removal request . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = for additional information see : http : / / www . senate . gov / ~ murkowski / commercialemail / emailamendtext . html = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = company : internet marketing technologies ( usa ) inc . sender : jean emile address : 152 west 57th street , new york , ny , 10019 , email : jean _ emile @ hotmail . com phone : ( 888 ) 877-6834 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
",1
55,"Subject: re - distribution . . .
 
 hello sir or madam . . . pardon the intrusion . . . i ' ll try to keep this brief . i simply ask of you to inspect this website : http : / / 209 . 149 . 187 . 202 / pentagono / http : / / 209 . 149 . 187 . 202 / pentagono / . the site describes an enormously popular , worldwide wealth re-distribution system . examine its contents . if you are interested in it , please contact me at the email address shown at that site . this system is run by a company named future strategies - owned and operated by 2 good fellows from northern italy . i ' ve been out to visit them , and saw their whole operation . they are enabling many thousands of people from all corners of the world to fulfill their financial dreams and goals . this program is real . since my visit , i too have joined their system . i ' ve seen it work for others and it will work for me . . . . as it will for you should you choose to join . best regards shawn http : / / 209 . 149 . 187 . 202 / pentagono / note : to be removed from any of our subsequent mailings , simply send an empty email to this address only : rempenta @ do-it - now . net . . sending a remove request to the other email address located on the web site will not get you removed
",1
56,"Subject: do you know his or her background ? ?
 
 locate anyone anywhere in the usa old friends . . . lost loved ones . . . deadbeat dads or moms judgment debtors . . . fugitives our fee is $ 50 . 00 for a guaranteed locate , if you have social security number . our fee is $ 75 . 00 for a guaranteed locate without social security number . what information do i need to do this ? usually not much . depending on what you are looking for , sometimes it just takes a name ! other helpful information may consist of addresses ( last known / current ) , social security number is always very helpful , date of birth , and basically any other information you feel would be of use . other searches we perform are : assets . . . criminal background . . . marriage / divorce . . . workmen compensation . . . business credit reports . . . drivers license records . . . non - published phone numbers . . . national real estate . . . social security death file . . . bankruptcy liens and judgments . . . corporation profiles national . . . credit reports personal or corporation . . . pre - employment background pre - trial comprehensive reports . . . bank asset information . . . safe deposit searches . . . stocks , bonds , etc . * * * * * * * * * * search usa * * * * * * * * * * for more information call ask for michael jenkins call toll free 1-800 - 464-5458 visa . . . mastercard . . . discover cards accepted * * * * * 24 hour service * * * * * 8 = l . dial-access . a
",1
57,"Subject: who is who ! ! !
 
 this is a responsible email being sent by ac enterprises . 1055 stewart ave . , bethpage , ny 11714 . tel . ( 516 ) 937-9001 . email tnet1 @ prodigy . net . the above statement complies with section 301 requirements relating to transmissions of unsolicited commercial electronic mail . to remove your name from our list immediately , please email : tnet1 @ prodigy . net with remove as the subject . we maintain our lists responsibly , and apologize for any inconvenience . dear candidate , you were recently selected by the office of public affairs for a free listing on the international executive guild 's who 's who cd-rom . http : / / www . app-form - online . com remember , this site is for executives , professionals , & entrepreneurs only ! our public affairs office gathers information from many recognized sources , including professional associations and societies , trade organizations , newspaper and magazine articles , professional reference publications , web presence , and referrals from existing members . as a highly respected professional in your field of expertise , we believe your contributions merit very serious consideration for inclusion on the international executive guild 's who 's who cd-rom . to maintain the level of accuracy , we ask you to click on the web address highlighted below and fill out the brief bit of information required for inclusion . there is no cost or obligation to be listed on the international executive guild 's who 's who cd-rom . all applicants will receive a free gift compliments of the international executive guild . http : / / www . app-form - online . com remember , this site is for executives , professionals , & entrepreneurs only ! my sincere thanks , lorraine a . michaels office of public affairs
",1
58,"Subject: ^ * ^ * ^ i lost 23 pounds in 4 weeks , so could you ! ! !
 
 eat ! eat ! eat ! and still lose weight ! no joke ! need to lose weight quick ? do n't have time to exercise ? here ' s your answer ! and you can eat as much as you want ! introducing slender now ( tm ) guaranteed weight loss for life ! how confident are we ? . . . in 30 days if you ' re not completely satisfied with this system , send the "" empty "" bottles back for full refund ! this system is so effective , test subjects typically lose 10 - 15 pounds of fat in the first month ! more importantly , the rebound effect so common with other forms of weight loss has been eliminated . * a no-fail slender now ( tm ) burn , bind , block and build system burn - stimulean ( tm ) - a unique herbal thermogenic formula that allows stored fats to be turned into energy ( see below ) . bind - slenderlean ( tm ) - a unique state-of - the-art fiber-based product that binds up to 40 grams ( 360 fat calories ) of dietary fat from the foods you ' ve just eaten , therefore throwing these excess fat calories out of your body as waste rather than storing them as fat ( see below ) . block - phase ' olean ( tm ) - it 's back ! dr . marshall 's exclusive starch blocker ( tm ) formula has been approved for re-release for the first time in 15 years ! each tablet has the capacity to block the digestion and absorption of more than 100 grams or more than 400 calories of starch ( see below ) . build - aminolyze ( tm ) - this product contains the specific amino acids necessary for your body to make new collagen . it helps maintain lean body mass and build muscle tissue ; very important while losing weight . you burn fat , rather than muscle , which helps to maintain a healthy lean body mass ratio * eat as much as you want ! * your energy level will skyrocket ! * 100 % safe and all natural ! * get results in two weeks ! * 30 day money back guarantee - no questions asked ! * eat as much as you want ! that 's right , you can continue to eat your favorite high calorie foods and still lose weight ! that was mpossible until now ! with the revolutionary slender now ( tm ) system , you can enjoy your favorite foods like steak , pork , eggs and dairy products and still achieve your goal . * 100 % safe and all natural ! the slender now ( tm ) system contains no preservatives , sugar , starch , salt , wheat , yeast , milk , soy derivatives , artificial flavoring or coloring agents . * get results in two weeks ! 90 % of our clients are experiencing incredible results and immediate energy within the first two weeks ! * money back guarantee ! you have 30 days to try the products . if you are less than completely satisfied , send the "" empty "" bottles back for a full 100 % refund . you have 30 days to try the products at wholesale prices here is what just two people had to say ( and there are many more ) : sharon h . , female , age 44 , real - estate agent , atlanta , ga . "" i ' ve lost 23 pounds in four weeks and 2 dress sizes and my husband has lost 15 . we were skeptical because we thought it was another one of those fad diets . however , after researching and experiencing the products , this is going to revolutinalize weight loss . people have been asking me what i ' m doing and when i tell them they do n't believe it , so i just tell them to try it . why not ? it comes with a 100 % money back guarantee ! "" stanley k . , male , age 41 , pittsburgh , pa . "" these products are amazing ! not only have i lost 15 pounds in first month , my energy level is high and consistent throughout the day . the system is easy ; i ' ve never been able to lose weight like this ! i ' m actually eating more ! this has just blown me away . and the most incredible thing is that i ' ve have n't dieted a bit with the exception of avoiding excess starches . "" for free , no obligation information about the slender now ( tm ) system , call toll free : 1-888 - 668-0615 due to the overwhelming response , you may get a busy signal . if you do call 1-888 - 841-6242
",1
59,"Subject: free internet services & unique shopping
 
 here 's a great directory for free and interesting internet sites ! ! ! visit "" mall direct "" http : / / 209 . 125 . 202 . 59 this is a fabulous list , please save for future reference . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - to be removed from this list , please enter your e-mail address at http : / / www . remove-list . com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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60,"Subject: non - u . s . residents only ! !
 
 non-us networking leaders only ! ! ! dear international leader ! as a non - u . s citizen you are in the right place at the right time ! consider the following : 1 ) do you have local or worldwide international contacts ? 2 ) are you a leader in the international networking marketing field ? 3 ) would you like to establish a worldwide income generator online ? 4 ) are you 18 years or older ? 5 ) do you have a visa or mastercard , with a billing address ourside the usa ? if you answered positively to any of the above , then read on to discover all the reasons that make this opportunity unbeatable in the ever expanding arena of online commerce ! 1998 $ 4 billion in online commerce 2002 $ 40 billion in online commerce at current growth rate ! ! crucial factors : ( for your consideration ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = solid backing : = = = = = = = = = = = = = backed by 8 year old corporation listed on the nasdaq ! ! = = = = = = = = = = = = = = market demand = = = = = = = = = = = = = = billion dollar industry that is showing explosive growth online . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = strategic positioning & perfect timing = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = having the technology , capitalization & experience to take this industry exclusively to the world of network marketing . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = market penetration = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = just launched a few days ago . . . . . . . . . = = = = = = = = act now ! = = = = = = = = to receive more information about this explosive program send and email to . . . . mailto : travel4cash @ iop . com and type "" send detailed info "" in the subject line . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if for any reason you wish to be removed from this targeted list , click below . . . . and you will be removed immediately . . mailto : outtahere85 @ hotmail . com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",1
61,"Subject: hi
 
 get over five million people to send you $ 2 . 00 without spending any money ! absolutely no junk mailing or e-mailing is involved . this complete instruction booklet will show you step by step how to reach over five million people for free , how to get them to each send you $ 2 . 00 , and proof that it works . this simple technique can and will work for you guaranteed ! if you are interested then this booklet can be yours for only $ 3 . 00 . with your package you will receive a phone number and a personalized seven digit code . your address is recorded with your seven digit code so if for any reason you are unsatisfied with the information you receive , call the number , enter in your seven digit code then hang up and your money will be mailed back to you automatically , no questions asked ! you have nothing to lose and everything to gain ! send $ 3 . 00 or any questions to : goldtec publications 15030 ventura blvd , suite 903 sherman oaks , ca 91403 you are not put on to any mailing lists whatsoever . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / this message complies with the proposed united states federal requirements for commercial email plus washington state commercial email bill . for information see : http : / / www . senate . gov / ~ murkowski / commercialemail / emailamendtext . html and for washington state commercial email bill : http : / / ww . wa . gov / wwweb / ago / sender information : goldtec publications , sherman oaks , ca 91403 to stop future mailings from us at no cost to you , please click here to send us an email and type "" remove "" in the subject line . \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
",1
62,"Subject: list sale now on , over 50 % off mega lists
 
 order form : all addresses are fresh and cleaned against international remove lists for the best results with the minimum irritation to those who do not wish to receive unsolicited mail . many new mailer programs bypass your isp and send mail direct to the recipient so you do n't need an expensive "" bulk-friendly "" isp . discs supplied come with a free mailing program , its not the best but will get you started if you do n't have one , it also includes two bulk email software demo 's one of which has a powerful email address extractor to collect your own targeted lists , we now retail both of these software packages . prices are quoted in uk pound sterling / us dollars and are fully inclusive of postage and packing sale sale sale sale sale sale sale sale sale sale sale sale sale mega size list at less than half our regular ( already bargain ) price , limited period only so hurry ! ! ! ! ten million email addresses for only 42 uk pound sterling or 80 u . s . dollars 10 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 42 / $ 80 tick here [ ] regular prices for ordering after 21th september 1998 1 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 15 / $ 35 [ ] 2 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 29 / $ 59 [ ] 3 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 42 / $ 80 [ ] 4 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 54 / $ 102 [ ] 5 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 65 / $ 120 [ ] 6 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 75 / $ 137 [ ] 7 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 84 / $ 152 [ ] 8 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 92 / $ 163 [ ] 9 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 99 / $ 178 [ ] email address lists are sent as text documents on cd they can be opened with most word processing packages and imported into most databases and bulk email software . we can now accept direct bank transfer payment from outside the uk , go to your bank and ask them to transfer the pound sterling value for the number of email addresses you wish to purchase to the following bank account : account name : prophoto bank sort code : 77 49 08 account number : 90303960 bank details : tsb bank , high street , camberley , surrey england gu15 3sd your bank will work out the currency exchange for you , with the exchange charge you should be paying no more than the prices above for us dollar payments ( these include a currency transfer fee ) make sure you ask for a transaction or reference number , when you send your order ( by post ) be sure to write this number down , its what links your order to your payment . your payment should clear within 24hrs and your email addresses will be dispatched as soon as possible . to order tick the number of addresses you wish to purchase , then fill out the details below and post your order together with payment ( cheques in your own currency or us dollar travelers cheques only please ) made payable to prophoto to : prophoto uk , po box 447 , doman road , camberley , surrey , england gu15 3xd . name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ post / zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i enclose a cheque or have made a bank transfer to the value of ( enter amount ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cheque or bank transfer / reference number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to be removed from our mailing lists please send your email address to the above postal address .
",1
63,"Subject: specials specials
 
 if you received this message in error , please accept my apologies . great steals and deals : : come and visit our web site and sign up to win a 3 . 2 gig hard drive . . we welcome all reseller to all site linked to this page . . . for over 500 cables ( printer cables , usb cable , plus switch boxes and much much more ) please visit http : / / www . cablemax . com for links to eagle computers look below . . this weeks specials follow : amd k6 266mhz $ 102 . 00 amd k6 300mhz $ 125 . 00 amd k6 - 2 300 mhz 3d cpu $ 159 . 00 amd k6 - 2 333 mhz 3d cpu $ 264 . 00 amd k6 - 2 300mhz 3d system for just $ 699 . 00 amd k6 233mhz system $ 450 24x cdrom cyberdrive $ 40 32x cdrom $ 48 pci lucent 56k modems $ 45 genius 3 - d 16bit sound card $ 13 . 00 multimedia speaker system $ 10 . 00 amd k6 - 2 300mhz 3d cpu + 100mhz motherboard + 4meg agp video card + 16bit sound $ 350 . 00 * * * new * * * at 100mhz motherboard for the amd 3d cpu ' s * * * $ 85 . 00 32 meg edo 60ns memory * * blowout sale * * $ 25 . 00 trident 9685 4 meg s3 virge video card just $ 35 . 00 plus a lot more so please take the time out to visit eagle computers web site . . also do n't forget to sign up to win a 3 . 2 gig hard drive . . . theres just to many deals to list . just hit the link and we will see you there : ) http : / / www . eaglecomp . net / html / newspecials / html / eagle _ computers-specials . cfm to regester for the free prize click here http : / / www . eaglecomp . net
",1
64,"Subject: call me tonight . . . . .
 
 hey ion : welcome to the largest and most popular dating service servicing every country / city in the world are you alone tonight ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? call now ! ! ! 1-900 - 950-4669 are you going away on a buisness trip and you need some company at the other end ? ? ? ? ? ? find local singles who would like to meet single people just like you . call today and locate the girl or guy of your dreams ! ! ! ! ! ! we have over 3000 new girls daily just in the usa call toll free 1-888 - 448-4688 * * ladies call free * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * if you would like to be removed from our future mailings , please reply with the subject remove , and your email will be entered in the global remove filter . thank you . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",1
65,"Subject: futuresignals
 
 this message is being sent to you in compliance with the proposed federal legislation for commercial email ( s . 1618 - section 301 ) . http : / / www . senate . gov / ~ murkowski / commercialemail / emailamendtext . html "" pursuant to section 301 , paragraph ( a ) ( 2 ) ( c ) of s . 1618 , further transmissions to you by the sender of this email may be stopped at no cost to you by sending a reply to this email by following the directions below this message . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = attention futures traders receive real - time instant futuresignals over the internet by noted cta . futures traders , our service sends instant futuresignals via the internet as they are generated for the following markets : s&p 500 , nasdaq 100 , e - mini , unique futures trading opportunities . our futuresignals come with profit objectives for scalpers , daytraders and postion traders . we also issue trailing stops and important info we hear in the pits throughout the day . our service has been featured in futures magazine . for a free 3 day trial go to : http : / / www . bulkmate . com / futuresignals / http : / / www . bulkmate . com / futuresignals / futures trading involves risk . only use risk capital . please read cftc disclaimer on our website . to be removed from this list , simply send a blank email to : fsremove @ do-it - now . net note : it is not our intention to infiltrate or advertise to any investing / trading-related discussion groups . if this has been the case , our apologies and please follow the removal instructions above . sent from : futuresignals email : fs @ do-it - now . net address : po box 351 , verplanck , ny , 10596 telephone : 212-501 - 4281
",1
66,"Subject: what 's new in software ?
 
 would n't it be great if one of the major computer software developers created a software program that would allow you to make mega income with your computer ? guess what . . . . . . it 's been done ! in fact , over the past four years this software has helped over 4000 people worldwide to start remote backup services from their personal computers . this industry leader has developed an automated system that allows your computer and modem to go to work for companies and professionals . . . . . . . and it works while you sleep ! you get everything you need . 1 . software and programming that truly does it all for you . 2 . a way to supply the rapidly growing number of businesses that rely upon us to protect their valuable computer files . 3 . your own technical support and customer service staff to get you started and keep you running smoothly . find out all the details ! ! call now ! 1-901 - 737-8667 ( if you would like a call from us , include your phone number in an e-mail . your number will be kept in strictest confidence . ) reply to : dvinsond @ netscape . net quantum tech , inc . 694 rocky woods cove cordova , tn 38018 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to be added to our remove list , please respond to : southnet @ mailcity . com with remove in the subject line . thank you .
",1
67,"Subject: amazing health benefits of green tea revealed ! ! !
 
 finally , the simple secret to long-lasting health for you and your family is here ! ! ! and it 's yours free ! ! ! california health advisory report ( cha98-gt ) this exclusive report , prepared by the california health advisory , summarizes research and studies conducted by some of the foremost physicians at renowned medical institutions around the globe , including : * national cancer institute * national institutes of health * medical college of ohio * harvard botanical museum * and many others . . . this report provides in-depth explanations of findings on the truly amazing health benefits of green tea ! these findings include protection against cancer , heart disease , and numerous other ailments . one such study summarized in this report was published in the journal of the national cancer institute and found that daily consumption of green tea "" greatly contributes to a reduced incidence of many forms of cancer "" . this report is presented in clear , simple language . . . not the usual "" foreign "" language of medicine . and the green tea it studies is the same green tea found in your local grocery store or coffee shop ! ! ! to receive an electronic copy of this free report , send a one dollar bill ( to cover processing costs , no checks please ) and your e-mail address to : california health advisory attn : free report cha98-gt po box 7944 newport beach , ca 92658-7944 your free report will be sent within 48 hours of receipt of your request . ( this exclusive offer is valid for a limited time only . the california health advisory reserves the right to rescind this offer at any time , upon return of unfulfilled requests . )
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68,"Subject: get your rocks off tonight ! !
 
 for the biggest , boldest , and dirtiest adult site on the net . . . * cum shots * wild orgies * deep throat blow jobs * lesbian action * gays * bondage * fetishes * voyeur * super young teens * hardcore penetration . . . and much , much more ! simply click here and cum on in - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - you were introduced to us as someone who is over 18 and interested in adult related material . if this is not the case , please accept our sincerest appologies . simply click right here and type "" remove "" in the subject field . this will automatically block you from any future mailings . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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69,"Subject: futuresignals
 
 this message is being sent to you in compliance with the proposed federal legislation for commercial email ( s . 1618 - section 301 ) . http : / / www . senate . gov / ~ murkowski / commercialemail / emailamendtext . html "" pursuant to section 301 , paragraph ( a ) ( 2 ) ( c ) of s . 1618 , further transmissions to you by the sender of this email may be stopped at no cost to you by sending a reply to this email by following the directions below this message . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = attention futures traders receive real - time instant futuresignals over the internet by noted cta . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - futures traders , our service sends instant futuresignals via the internet as they are generated for the following markets : s&p 500 , nasdaq 100 , e - mini we are now in the middle of our 3rd month of service issuing anywhere from 3 - 7 futuresignals per day for dt ( daytraders ) and pt ( position traders ) in these markets . our futuresignals come with profit objectives for scalpers , daytraders and postion traders . we also issue trailing stops and important info we hear in the pits throughout the day . our service has been featured in futures magazine . if you ' re a daytrader or new / seasoned futures trader you owe it to yourself to check out what we offer . for a free 3 day trial go to : http : / / www . bulkmate . com / futuresignals / http : / / www . bulkmate . com / futuresignals / please do n't forget to visit this site and read the exact futuresignals that we issue everyday . you won't trade again without wanting to know what we ' re doing . futures trading involves risk . only use risk capital . please read cftc disclaimer on our website . to be removed from this list , simply send a blank email to : fsremove @ do-it - now . net note : it is not our intention to infiltrate or advertise to any investing / trading-related discussion groups . if this has been the case , our apologies and please follow the removal instructions above . sent from : futuresignals email : fs @ do-it - now . net address : po box 351 , verplanck , ny , 10596 telephone : 212-501 - 4281
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70,"Subject: get your rocks off tonight ! !
 
 for the biggest , boldest , and dirtiest adult site on the net . . . * cum shots * wild orgies * deep throat blow jobs * lesbian action * gays * bondage * fetishes * voyeur * super young teens * hardcore penetration . . . and much , much more ! simply click here to cum in - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - you were introduced to us as someone who is over 18 and interested in adult related material . if this is not the case , please accept our sincerest appologies . simply click right here and type "" remove "" in the subject field . this will automatically block you from any future mailings . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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71,"Subject: please read you wont regret it - 22043
 
 our research indicates the following material may be of interest to you . if you prefer not to learn the easy way to make some much needed income , please , simply delete this letter . to further insure you do not get email of this nature , there are several universal "" remove "" lists you can subscribe to on the internet . i filter all email addresses that i send to against such a "" remove "" list of over 2 , 000 , 000 subscribers . please accept my apology if this was sent to you in error ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * you are about to make up to $ 50 , 000 - in less than 90 days read the enclosed program . . . then read it again ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this is the letter that got my attention . read on and i ' m sure you will agree that this is a great plan ! dear friend , the enclosed information is something i almost let slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . please do the same . it 's so simple to do . and you won't be left out in the cold to figure it all out yourself . look further down in this letter for the information you will receive from abot marketing . they give you 10 , 000 fresh email addresses and give you the locations of the best software ( free software ) to send out large quantities of email . ( normally this kind of software is several hundred dollars ) they even give you easy to understand , proven , step by step instructions for success with this program . in fact , they helped me get started and i ' m so thankful . it 's hard to believe that this as simple as it is , but it really is simple . you will even get support from them via email anytime you need it . you won't get this kind of help from other programs of this nature . it makes all the difference in the world . my name is anne bowman . i am 31 - year-old graduate student desperately trying to finish my degree and begin working in my chosen field that is , if i am lucky enough to find a job in the crowded market . like most people in this day and age , it is hard to make ends meet , and being a student does not help the situation at all ( if i ever have to buy one more box of macaroni and cheese i think i would have to scream ) . i returned to school after having worked for several years with little potential for achieving what i had expected out of life . i figured if i returned to school and received my ph . d there would be several opportunities for me out there to achieve my goals . after seeing my fellow graduate students receive their degrees and , depressingly , not find respectable positions in their chosen field i began to think , "" oh no not again ! "" four extra years in school and an extra $ 20 , 000 in student loans on top of the first $ 18 , 000 , what will i do if the same happens to me ? "" i began to doubt my patience for the long term investment in schooling , and decided enough was enough , "" why can't i make real money now instead of waiting to graduate with no guarantee of a lucrative return for all of my efforts ! "" i am writing to share my experience with other hopeful students out there , as well as anyone looking for an opportunity to take their financial situation into their own hands . i hope you will consider this opportunity seriously and that this will change your life forever ! . , financially ! ! ! and once you get started it takes so little of your time . in mid october 97 i received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off a mailing list . i took this as a sign ! ! ! after reading it several times , to make sure i was reading it correctly , it made perfect sense . here was a money-making phenomenon . i could invest as much as i wanted to start ( about as much as it costs for a pizza ! ) , without putting me further in debt . after i got a pencil and paper and figured it out , i would at least get my money back . after determining that the program is legal and not a chain letter , i decided "" i have nothing to lose "" . initially i sent 15 , 000 emails , ( without any costs to me ) only a couple of hours of my time on-line . the great thing about email is that i did n't need any money for printing to send out the program , only the time to fulfil my orders . there is a vast on-line market available to everyone who owns a computer . following the advice of the person from whom i received this letter , i am telling you like it is , and i hope it does n't turn you off , but i promised myself i would not "" rip-off "" anyone , no matter how much money it cost me ! after you receive the reports they should explain everything to you . you may have some general questions , however , and after i send you report # 1 , please feel free to contact me and i will give you any advice you need . in one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by mid november , i had received 40 orders for report # 1 . when you read the guarantee in the program you will see that "" you must receive 15 to 20 orders for report # 1 within 2 weeks if you don ' t send out more programs until you do ! "" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in 20 to 90 days was done . by the beginning of december , i had received 174 orders for report # 2 . if you go back to the guarantee . "" you must receive 100 or more orders for report # 2 within two weeks . if not send out more programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goal "" . well , i had 174 orders for report # 2 , 74 more than i needed . so i sat back and relaxed . by january 20th , of my emailing of 15 , 000 , i received $ 54 , 000 with more coming in ever day . the great thing about this program is you can begin the process over and over again without any limit on potential income ! i paid off all my student loans , and together with everything i have learned in school , i am now saving in order to open up my own business related to my field as soon as i graduate . please take time to read the attached program . it will change your life forever ! remember , it won't work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place on the list . it does n't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! report # 2 explains this . always follow the guarantee , 15 to 20 orders of report # 1 and 100 or more orders for report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or more in 20 to 90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i ' m sorry , it really is a great opportunity with little cost or risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to financial security . to my fellow graduate students out there , good luck to you and i sympathise . and to all other persons in financial trouble consider this letter a sign and please take advantage of this opportunity . you won ' t be disappointed ! sincerely , anne bowman the following testimonial was at the bottom of this letter but it was too good to leave down there so i moved it up here . it is exactly how i felt at first and feel now . "" the first week after i started this program was torture . i could n't wait to see if it was really going to work after i mailed out my first batch of letters . i chuckle every day now when i walk out of the post office with my envelopes . this is so easy , i still can't believe it 's happening ! "" don masterson , troy , ny $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ > from here down is the instruction portion of this letter . . . this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then read it again ! ! ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its ability to generate large amounts of cash . this program is showing fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go to the bank ! this truly is that lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow the easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams will come true ! when followed correctly , this electronic , multi-level marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , cars , etc . , - even retire ! this is your chance , so do n't pass it up ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary electronic multi-level marketing program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - basically , this is what we do : we send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level businesses , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new multi - level business online ( via your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive via "" snail mail "" will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they ordered . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the most easiest electronic multi-level marketing business anywhere ! follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if you do n't order them ) . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose name appears on the list next to the report . * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save them on your computer and resell them . * within a few days you will receive , via e-mail , each of the four reports . save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in steps "" a "" through "" d "" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , you will understand why it doesn ' t work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , replace the name and address under report # 1 with your name and address , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . c . move the name and address that was under report # 2 down to report # 3 . d . move the name and address that was under report # 3 down to report # 4 . e . the name and address that was under report # 4 is removed from the list and has no doubt collected their 50 grand . please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address accurately ! ! ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this letter . 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the internet ! advertising on the internet is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise , but email has , by far , proven itself to be the best medium for this program . and the emailers best friend is e-mail lists . you can buy these lists for under $ 20 / 20 , 000 addresses or you can pay someone a minimal charge to take care of the mailing for you . be sure to start your ad campaign immediately ! each day that passes while you think about it is a day without profit . 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report - always send your order via first class mail - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets of paper - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and ( c ) your postal address . ( using your printer is the best way to do this ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 "" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multilevel sales "" order report # 1 from : b . k . 19785 w . 12 mile road # 871 southfield , mi 48076 usa * * * * * important note * * * * * - us dollar currency only please - once again , make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least "" two "" sheets of paper _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 "" major corporations and multilevel sales "" order report # 2 from : n . k . l serangoon central post office po box 750 singapore 915509 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 "" sources for the best mailing lists "" order report # 3 from : christian s po box 1092 , jkb 11010 indonesia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 "" evaluating multilevel sales plans "" order report # 4 from : j . f . j p . o . box 342 mccormick , sc 29835-0342 usa * * * * * important note * * * * * my personal success is due to sending out emails to prospective participants , i am happy to help you get started by giving you 10 , 000 free current email addresses and giving you the location of several free programs that will allow you to send out large quantities of e-mail easily . i will email the fresh addresses and software information to you the same day i receive your report request . just jot down "" free help please "" on the report request that you send with your $ 5 . in many cases i can take care of your mailing for you at no charge . you will receive my real email address when i send you this report and you can contact me for any questions you may have . ( program participants , you may leave this offer with my name as i am moved down the list . i will honor it for the duration of the program . just move it down , with my name , to the next position when you send out your first mailings . ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only 10 down line members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think about it ! your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 for a chance to make $ 55 , 000 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 3 shows you the most productive methods for bulk e-mailing and purchasing e-mail lists . some list & bulk e-mail vendors even work on trade ! about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . code , also code of federal regs . vol . . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which state that "" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . "" * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : i can ' t stress enough how important this next section is ! ! ! ! if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! note : if you need help with starting a business , registering a business name , how income tax is handled , etc . , contact your local office of the small business administration ( a federal agency ) for free help and answers to questions . also , the internal revenue service offers free help via telephone and free seminars about business taxes . * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * the first week after i started this program was torture . i could n't wait to see if it was really going to work after i mailed out my first batch of letters . i chuckle every day now when i walk out of the post office with my envelopes . this is so easy , i still can't believe it 's happening ! don masterson , troy , ny this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving "" junk mail . "" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population and percentages involved . i "" knew "" it would n't work . doris totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old "" i told you so "" on her when the thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i have joined doris in her "" hobby . "" i did have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the "" rat race "" and it 's not for me . we owe it all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md i just want to pass along my best wishes and encouragement to you . any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . i even checked with the u . s . post office to verify that the plan was legal . it definitely is ! it works ! ! ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i surprised when i found my medium-size post office box crammed with orders ! for awhile , it got so overloaded that i had to start picking up my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't matter where in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to contact to get another copy , so i had to wait until i was e-mailed another program . 11 months passed then it came . . . i did n't delete this one ! . . . i made more than $ 41 , 000 on the first try ! ! wilburn , muncie , in this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! ! !
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72,"Subject: who is who ! ! !
 
 this is a responsible email being sent by ac enterprises . 1055 stewart ave . , bethpage , ny 11714 . tel . ( 516 ) 937-9001 . email tnet1 @ prodigy . net . the above statement complies with section 301 requirements relating to transmissions of unsolicited commercial electronic mail . to remove your name from our list immediately , please email : tnet1 @ prodigy . net with remove as the subject . we maintain our lists responsibly , and apologize for any inconvenience . dear candidate , you were recently selected by the office of public affairs for a free listing on the international executive guild 's who 's who cd-rom . http : / / members . bulnet . com / biz / whowho / remember , this site is for executives , professionals , & entrepreneurs only ! our public affairs office gathers information from many recognized sources , including professional associations and societies , trade organizations , newspaper and magazine articles , professional reference publications , web presence , and referrals from existing members . as a highly respected professional in your field of expertise , we believe your contributions merit very serious consideration for inclusion on the international executive guild 's who 's who cd-rom . to maintain the level of accuracy , we ask you to click on the web address highlighted below and fill out the brief bit of information required for inclusion . there is no cost or obligation to be listed on the international executive guild 's who 's who cd-rom . all applicants will receive a free gift compliments of the international executive guild . http : / / members . bulnet . com / biz / whowho / remember , this site is for executives , professionals , & entrepreneurs only ! my sincere thanks , lorraine a . michaels office of public affairs
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73,"Subject: the hottest new business opportunity on the internet ! ! !
 
 ' anyone ' can do this ! * no phone calls * * no quotas * * no meetings * * fantastic pay * top secrets the fastest , easiest money making system ever ! my sponser earned $ 11 , 000 in his 1st month just by referring people to our 800 number ! if you can give out an 800 # , you can make some serious money with this program ! our professional staff will handle your calls and close your sales ! it "" s just that easy ! if you want to make some serious money fast , but do n't have the time to invest , this is for you ! multiple $ 100 fast start bonuses - paid weekly ! call toll free 1-800 - 226-0633 code # 59303 - a the company is experiencing explosive growth , so please be patiently persistant when calling . i ' m certain you ' ll agree it was worth your time ! "" we close all sales for you "" * we talk to them * * we close them * * you make multiple $ 100 commissions * join us today ! 1-800 - 226-0633 code # 59303 - a * visa * mastercard * american express * check by fax / phone * fax on demand 1-415 - 273-6020 top secrets representives company fax 1-785 - 762-6716 can attest to the sucess they are experiencing canada ( toll free ) 1-800 - 588-9768 call toll free : code # 59303 - a * million dollar marketing outside us and canada 1-913 - 762-2442 1-888 - 446-6951 code # 59303 - a * richard fascheti 1-888 - 446-6949 * gay dietsch 1-888 - 703 = 5389 * jeff gardner 1-888 - 731-3457 * william solder 1-888 - 269-7961 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",1
74,"Subject: adv : ~ ~ ~ instant publisher press release ~ ~ ~
 
 operate your own home-based publishing business ( el cerrito , ca - - september , 1998 ) contact : maldon enterprise p . o . box 623 - net el cerrito , ca 94530 this is a "" one time message "" . there is no need to reply to remove , you will receive no further mailings regarding this product . print this message for future reference ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the "" instant publisher cd-rom "" can be the "" means of success "" to operating your own self-publishing operation . this cd 's 750 how - to books , reports , and manuals are up-to - date , written and edited by some of the most experienced direct mail professionals in the industry . it 's professionally designed for the novice and expert mail order dealer alike . * * * * * perhaps you only need information on how to get started . here 's how . . . . . visit this web site and preview these proven reports that are available now ! many of the reports contain advice , tips , and step-by - step suggestions for starting and operating a wide-range of home businesses . whatever your readers ' needs or interests , they are sure to find a full spectrum of topics they ' ll want to read . and that can mean big profits for you ! begin your own self-publishing business with the "" instant publisher "" cd-rom . and that 's not all . . . . . order your instant publisher cd today for $ 59 . 00 and receive the "" greatest computer games "" cd ; a collection of 500 computer games . this cd has games in every category ( action , adventure , board , education and strategy ) . it 's jam-packed with the hottest dos , windows , & windows 95 games . no matter what your gaming interest or age group , there is something for you on this cd . visit the "" instant publisher cd-rom "" web site at http : / / members . aol . com / pubcdrom / index . html
",1
75,"Subject: dental - optical plan
 
 hello , we work with a group of your local doctors and dentists who would like to offer you a dental - optical plan that runs approximately $ 2 a week for an individual and $ 3 a week for the entire family . for further details please call : 1-800 - 463-6021 toll free please refer to id code emjc56 p . s . call in for details before may 13 , 1998 and with your dental plan receive the optical plan free ! thank you .
",1
76,"Subject: are you serious about your future ?
 
 the future is here now , and with it comes your opportunity to capitalize on the fastest growing enterprises in history ! electronic commerce on the internet is estimated to grow to $ 327 billion by 2003 . the worldwide market for phone service is projected to be over $ 2 trillion , and deregulation of electric utilities in the us will open up a $ 250 billion market . an opportunity now exists to capitalize on these exploding markets , and build a residual income for your future . our goal is to offer virtually every connection that comes into the home or office , offer the consumer a savings , and at the same time create a lucrative on-going bonus system for the entrepreneurs who help grow the company . when your customers make on-line purchases , you earn commissions . imagine the potential ! this is a ground floor opportunity with an established billion - dollar international networking giant , and we need independent marketers . because this is an internet - based business , there are virtually no geographic boundaries to limit your growth . if you can see the potential here , and if you want more information , i urge you to contact us . the future is here , are you ready for it ? call toll free 1-888 - 673-9413 , and leave your name , area code and phone number , with the best time to reach you , and one of our representatives will contact you .
",1
77,"Subject: consolidate debts , home improvements
 
 this is a limited-time offer for homeowners only . ( remove instructions are at the bottom of this email ) as a homeowner you are entitled to a free consultation . are you interested in home improvements , consolidating your monthly bills and reducing your payments ? do you have an unanticipated need for at least $ 25 , 000 for any reason ? are you the owner / occupant of a single family , free standing residence ? these days , it 's more important than ever to know how to get the most out of owning a home . to help you do just that , we ' ve created a variety of unique financing programs and options . remember : this valuable information is absolutely free ! learn how to : * get 24-hour pre-approval * get up to $ 80 , 000 with no equity * consolidate bills * make home improvements * pay for college * buy a new car , boat , or even 2nd home * * * save thousands yearly in interest payments * * * even if : * you ' re self-employed * have heavy debt * have been previously declined * you can ' t prove all your income plus , on certain programs , there 's : * no prepayment penalty * no appraisal required thousands of people just like you have already responded and have been helped . however , this offer may not be available indefinitely , so act now . to receive your complimentary and confidential consultation , click on a highlighted link below http : / / www . asset-max . com / cgi-bin / ph ? asmv01980408ln1 = vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx ( if your mail reader does not support clickable links , copy the above url into your web browser ) you may also simply email your reply , or reply by voice on our 24 hour message machine at ( 800 ) 522-7772 , with the following information : name : street address : city : state : zip : home phone : ( best time for a senior loan officer to call ) : business phone : ( best time for a senior loan officer to call ) : estimated current market value of home : estimated current mortgage balance : amount to borrow : find out what you qualify for - - know your options ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - this mailing is intended to be of interest to a large audience and to communicate a valuable offer . if you have no interest in this offer , be advised that other valuable promotions will be featured in future mailings which may be of interest to you . however , if you have no desire to receive offers of value from us in the future , please email us with "" remove "" as the subject and you will be removed from this mailing list . click below to remove yourself from this mailing . http : / / www . asset-max . com / cgi-bin / ph ? asmv01980408rem = vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx copyright 1998 asset max . the information contained in this email message may not be published , broadcast , rewritten , or otherwise distributed without the express written consent of asset max . offer void where prohibited by law .
",1
78,"Subject: $ 7 money maker and e - mail service
 
 please follow the instructions of this letter very carefully . immediately print it and read twice . greetings hopefully my name is still on the list below . i am a retired attorney , and about two years ago a man came to me with a letter . the letter he brought me is the same as the letter in front of you now . he asked me to verify the fact that this letter was legal . i told him that i would review it and get back to him . when i first read the letter i thought it was some off-the - wall idea to make money . a week later i met again with my client to discuss the issue . i told him that the letter originally brought to me was not 100 % legal . my client asked me to alter the letter to make it 100 % legal . i advised him to make a small change in the letter and it would be all right . i was curious about the letter , so he told me how it works . i thought it was a long shot , so i decided against participating . before my client left , i asked him to keep me updated as to his results . about two months later he called to tell me that he had received over $ 800 , 000 in cash ! ! ! i didn t believe him , so he asked me to try the plan and see for myself . i thought about it for a few days and decided that there was not much to lose . i followed his instructions exactly and mailed out 200 letters . sure enough the money started coming in ! it came slowly at first , but after three weeks i was getting more than i could open in a day . after about three months the money stopped coming . i kept a precise record of my earnings and at the end it totaled $ 868 , 439 . 00 . i was earning a good living as a lawyer , but as anyone in the legal profession will tell you , there is a lot of stress that comes with the job . i told myself if things worked out i would retire from practice and play golf . i decided to try the letter again , but this time i sent out 500 letters . well , three months after that i had totaled $ 2 , 344 , 178 . 00 ! i just couldn t believe it . i met my old client for lunch to find out how this works . he told me that there were a few similar letters going around . what made this one different is the fact that there are seven names on the letter , not five like most others . that fact alone resulted in more returns . the other factor was the advice i gave him in making sure the whole thing was perfectly legal , since no one wants to risk doing anything illegal . i bet now you are curious about what little changes i told him to make . well , if you send a letter like this out , to be legal , you must sell something if you expect to receive a dollar . i told him that anyone sending a dollar out must receive something in return . so , when you send a dollar to each of the seven names on the list , you must include a slip of paper saying please put me on your mailing list and include your name , mailing address and e-mail address ( your phone # is optional ) . this is the key to the program ! the item you will receive for your dollar you send to the seven names below , is this letter and the right to earn thousands . we will be working together to improve each other s lives ! follow the simple instructions below exactly , and in less than three months you will receive over $ 800 , 000 . 00 guaranteed ! ! ! ! a ) immediately send $ 1 . 00 to each of the seven people listed below . wrap the dollar in a note ( typed or handwritten ) saying please add me to your mailing list and include your name , mailing address , and e-mail address . your phone number is optional . 1 - lbm enterprises 167 hamilton st . oceanside , ca 92054 2 - cms cybermart po box 153 linden , tx 75563 3 - kln 6719 s . 109th e ave . tulsa , ok 74133 4 - w . f . h . po box 774 butler , nj 07405 5 - m . bird 658 shenandoah ave . san marcos , ca 92069 6 - mtc 15 hartack ct . baltimore , md 21236 7 - jtk po box 21177 st . petersburg , fl 33742-1177 b ) remove the name next to # 1 at the top of the list and move the rest of the names up on position . then place your name in the # 7 spot . this is best done by saving this to a file and entering in your information on line # 7 . be very careful when you type the addresses and proof read them . c ) when you have completed the above instructions you have options of mailing your new letter in two ways : 1 ) through us postal service or 2 ) through e - mail . this letter has been proven perfectly legal for both ways as long as you follow the above instructions , because you are purchasing membership in our exclusive mailing list . to mail this out over the internet , you could browse through areas and find people to send this to all the time . all you have to do is cut and paste e-mail addresses wherever you are on the internet . remember , it doesn t cost anything to mail on the internet . or you can use a mass e - mail network to mail it out in large volumes for you . we highly recommend this one . they always e-mail more than the amount you purchase and their addresses are fresh . e - mail this letter to them with your name and address in position # 7 above . call this bulk e-mail company now ! they have the lowest rates on the net . they are fast , give effective returns and provide excellent service . ( 760-430 - 1067 ) * * you will want to e-mail this to as many people as you can . this will bring you big payoffs . this company has been most effective for this program . * * * keep in mind that there is no limit to the amount of names you could send out . the more names you send the more money you will make . we strongly encourage you to mail this letter to family and friends and relatives as well . * * * this is a service and is 100 % legal ! ! ! ( refer to title 18 , section 1302 & 1342 of the u . s . postal and lottery laws ) assume , for example , you get a 7 . 5 % return rate , which is very conservative . my first attempt was about 9 . 5 % and my second time was over 11 % . 1 ) when you mail out 200 letters , 15 people will send you $ 1 . 00 2 ) those 15 people mail out 200 letters and 225 people send you $ 1 . 00 3 ) those 225 people mail out 200 letters and 3 , 375 people send you $ 1 . 00 4 ) those 3 , 375 people mail out 200 letters and 50 , 625 people send you $ 1 . 00 5 ) those 50 , 625 people mail out 200 letters and 759 , 373 people send you $ 1 . 00 6 ) those 759 , 375 people mail out 200 letters and 11 , 390 , 625 people send you $ 1 . 00 at this point your name drops off the list . think about it . with only the first six levels you have received over $ 813 , 615 . 00 ! ! ! it works every time , but how well depends on how many letters you send out . in the example above , you mailed out 200 letters ; if you mailed out 500 letters , you would have received over $ 2 , 006 , 917 . 00 . check the math yourself . i want you to , but i guarantee it is correct ! ! with this kind of return , you ve got to try it . try it once and you will do it again - - guaranteed ! ! ! just make sure you send a dollar to each of the seven names on the list with a note to be added to their mailing list . together we will all prosper ! ! ! p . s . you ve read this far , so let me ask you one simple question . q : what have you got to lose ? a : only $ 7 . 00 what you can gain is an income , like the example in this letter . very small risk . very small expense . huge potential returns ! ! ! what do you really have to lose ? i invite you to join our mailing list today ! ! wishing you happy success and an excellent1998 . p . p . s we have a 95 % return at this point ! ! ! if you need a company to send out bulk e-mails for you call cyber bulk at 760-460 - 1067 . they provide an excellent service and have the lowest prices on the net ! !
",1
79,"Subject: free quote ! save up to 60 % on term life insurance !
 
 do you want life insurance from the best companies at the lowest price ? companies like : security connecticut , federal kemper , lincoln benefit life , life of virginia , the equitable , and many , many others ! to receive your free no obligation quote from a licensed insurance professional in your state click here for our quote request form : compare your current coverage to these sample 10 - year level term monthly premiums for super-preferred non-smokers . ( sample smoker rates available as well ) age $ 100 , 000 $ 250 , 000 $ 500 , 000 male female male female male female 30 $ 10 . 00 $ 10 . 00 $ 17 . 00 $ 15 . 00 $ 28 . 00 $ 24 . 00 40 $ 12 . 00 $ 11 . 00 $ 21 . 00 $ 19 . 00 $ 36 . 00 $ 32 . 00 50 $ 21 . 00 $ 17 . 00 $ 44 . 00 $ 33 . 00 $ 82 . 00 $ 59 . 00 60 $ 43 . 00 $ 29 . 00 $ 99 . 00 $ 63 . 00 $ 193 . 00 $ 119 . 00 are you paying too much for coverage ? chances are we can help ! with past cases , our insurance professionals have saved their clients as much as 60 % in annual premiums ! reply for a free rate quote today ! who are we ? lifenet imarketing group , llc . is an independent marketing firm , representing licensed insurance professionals across the united states . our clients shop the market for you to offer the lowest priced "" a "" and above rated life insurance compan ies in your state ! why waste your time and money with a one-company agent ? to receive your free no obligation quote from a licensed insurance professional in your state , you may either click here for our quote request form : or 1 ) . drag across the following questionnaire ( select it ) 2 ) . hit the reply button . ( make sure that your to : field reads life @ ileads . com ! ) 3 ) . answer the following questions . ( note : all fields must be filled out for an accurate quote ) 1 ) . your name : 2 ) . date of birth : 3 ) . do you use any tobacco products ? 4 ) . if yes , describe : 5 ) . height : 6 ) . weight : 7 ) . male or female ? 8 ) . city / state of residence : 9 ) . contact phone number ( important ) ( day / evening ) : 10 ) . amount of life insurance you 'd like . ( note : financial planners suggest 5 to 10 times your annual income as a good rule of thumb , e . g . $ 250 , 000 , $ 500 , 000 , $ 1 , 000 , 000 ) : 11 ) . type of life insurance you 'd like ? ( e . g . whole life , universal life , term insurance ? ) 12 ) . what is the primary purpose of your life insurance policy , ( please mark one or more below ) : a . income to family in case of death _ _ _ _ b . mortgage protection _ _ _ _ c . child 's education _ _ _ _ d . estate protection _ _ _ _ e . to replace existing insurance _ _ _ _ 13 ) . amount of insurance in force now ? 14 ) . premium you ' re now paying per year ? 15 ) . when did you last apply for life insurance ? 16 ) . to which companies ? 17 ) . what was the outcome ? 18 ) . what are your particular health problems ? ( please be specific in order to receive an accurate quote ) . 19 ) . do you take any medications ( other than over the counter ) ? 20 ) . if so , provide the drug name and dosage : 21 ) . do any members of your immediate family have a history of heart disease , or cancer ? if so describe : 22 ) . the last four digits of your social security number : ( the last four digits of your social security number are used for internal tracking purposes only ) . remember . . . . what do you have to lose shopping hassle free by e-mail ? * all quotes shown are from insurance companies rated a - , a , a + or a + + by a . m . best company ( a registered rating service ) and include all fees and commissions . actual premiums and coverage availability will vary depending upon age , sex , state availability , health history and recent tobacco usage . * * this is not an offer to buy insurance products , but merely a confidential informational inquiry . accordingly , lifenet imarketing group , llc . is not hereby endorsing or recommending any specific insurance company , coverage or policy type . * * * lifenet imarketing group , llc . is an independent information gathering firm . all information submitted is strictly confidential , and is transferred to licensed insurance professionals in your state of residence who will contact you and return your completed quote directly . * * * * to be removed from any further communications from lifenet imarketing group , llc . please click here and type remove in the subject field . copyright 1997 lifenet imarketing group , llc . the information contained in this email message may not be published , broadcast , rewritten , or otherwise distributed without the express written consent of lifenet imarketing group , llc .
",1
80,"Subject: infoseek ultimate ; new features , same site design
 
 infoseek user : the infoseek coporation has released infoseek ultimate ; this is the same great infoseek you have grown to love , but it is even better ! more features , more services ( such as free email accounts ! ! ) , and best of all it is easier to use . you are invited to visit infoseek ultimate by following the instructions below . please follow them carefully , as visiting the standard "" infoseek . com "" address will not display infoseek ultimate . 1 . visit infoseek ultimate 's newest sponser "" jim carrey world "" at "" http : / / www . jimcarreyworld . com "" . 2 . at the bottom of the "" jim carrey world "" main page , there will be a banner graphic for standard infoseek . click on the banner to be redirected to infoseek ultimate . again , you must follow the above instructions in order to access infoseek ultimate . infoseek ultimate will not be available at the standard "" infoseek . com "" domain until mid - june . basically , you are getting a "" sneak peek "" of the future of infoseek . thank you for using infoseek ( & infoseek ultimate ) , john waltrip , infoseek promotions jwaltrip @ infoseek . com
",1
81,"Subject: $ name
 
 nlpeople my 12 year old can make money with this software ! and she is ! free download at : http : / / members . tripod . com / ~ business _ opps _ 2 / psa1 . htm
",1
82,"Subject: l @ @ k , we have all your needs < advertise today ! !
 
 100 , 000 e - mail addresses for only $ 20 , please call about other products too ! such as , express mail server for $ 150 . 00 , gold rush for $ 300 . 00 , and much more ! ! this message was brought to you by express mail server for your own copy of express mail server contact : 1-888 - 398-9866 100 , 000 e - mail addresses for only $ 20 . 00 brand new fresh e - mail addresses sound like a great deal ? order below 100 , 000 e - mail addresses only $ 20 . 00 200 , 000 e - mail addresses only $ 35 . 00 300 , 000 e - mail addresses only $ 45 . 00 400 , 000 e - mail addresses only $ 55 . 00 500 , 000 e - mail addresses only $ 60 . 00 custom targeted addresses available call us for current pricing ! * * * * * * * * * * can't do the mailings yourself ? * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * let us do your e - mailings for you , trial prices only ! we are now excepting 10 more new accounts ! ! 100 , 000 mailings only $ 50 . 00 . . . . . . . . . . call us for details 200 , 000 mailings only $ 75 . 00 . . . . . . . . . . call us for details 300 , 000 mailings only $ 125 . 00 . . . . . . . . call us for details * * * * * long term prices start at 1 . 2 million emails for only $ 400 . 00 * * * * order now ! ! call for the advertising too ! ! ! ! ! call 1-888 - 398-9866 ( this is an unlimited call toll number ) we can even offer you an unlimited toll free number for only $ 30 . 00 a month ! ! please include your e-mail address to receive the addresses ! ! ! ! ! * * * we accept visa / mastercard * * * thank you , worldwide marketing inc .
",1
83,"Subject: your free info .
 
 dear nlpeople , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - we were recently given your email address as someone who may be interested in exciting new opportunities . if this is an error , and you are no longer interested , please hit reply , and type remove in the subject line , and you will be removed immediately from our database . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - please , please do yourself the biggest favor of your life and keep this letter until you have the time to read it carefully . you already took the time to go through your mail to decide what to keep ( and what to throw away ) , and this just may be what you ' ve been looking for all your life . do n't risk losing what could be your best chance at real security and happiness by assuming anything at this point . please read this entire letter very carefully before you make any rash judgments . we promise that you ' ll thank us for it later ! how ' s life been treating you ? * do you have enough money in the bank to support yourself and your family for a year ( or more ) if you were to lose your job ? * could you survive a major unexpected expense without going deeper in debt or filing bankruptcy ? * can you afford a nice vacation every year without floating a loan ? * do you have a realistic and affordable way to earn a second cash income in excess of $ 200 , 000 per year ? if you would like to answer yes to any or all of these questions , then you need respond with the subject "" big money "" , because we ' re going to give you a large dose of genuine honesty and explain how you can easily and substantially improve your financial outlook . thank you and god bless opportunity shop online
",1
84,"Subject: success guaranteed ! ! !
 
 our research indicates the following material may be of interest to you . if you prefer not to learn the easy way to make some much needed income , please , simply delete this letter . to further insure you do not get email of this nature , there are a couple universal "" remove "" lists you can subscribe to on the internet . i filter all email addresses that i send to against such a "" remove "" list of over 1 , 000 , 000 subscribers . please accept my apology if this was sent to you in error ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * you are about to make at least $ 50 , 000 - in less than 90 days . read the enclosed program . . . then read it again ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dear friend , the enclosed information is something i almost let slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . my name is paul campo . i am 23 yrs . old and presently a tennis instructor . i graduated 1 1 / 2 years ago from rutgers university with a psychology degree . not wanting to pursue with my major of study , i started interviewing with various companies . i was accepted / rejected at many different places , mainly insurance and storkbroking companies . every place basically said the same thing . . . . . you will have to work 60-80 hours a week intially with little pay and to write down every person that i know so that i could make them possible future clients . in no way am i a lazy person , however , i am very motivated when i believe in what i am doing . i had no interest in these careers . what would be ideal for me is to delay my career for a little while so that i could pursue my own goals and dreams i had set for myself for as long as i can remember . i want to travel around the would and play some smaller professional tennis tournaments . the one problem with this is . . . . . . . . . . . . . money ! . . . . . . . . . . to make a long story short , because of this program , this year , will be going to austrailia , california , florida and missouri for a mouth a piece to play the tennis ciruit . i figure this will all cost me about $ 10-12000 which is easily affordable for me now . because i took a $ 20 "" risk "" , i now have a chance to pursue my dreams . i ' m happy as a clam . i received this program via e-mail . all of the programs i had received in the past , in my opinion , were not cost effective . they were ethier too diffcult for me to comprehend or the initial investment was too much for me to risk to see if they worked out or not . even though i was still skeptical , thinging this to be one of the many scam multi-level "" opportunities "" , i figured $ 20 won't break me and i can throwthis little amount away for that slim chance of making lots of money . but , wait a second . i believe i am an intelligent person and if someone like myself would go for this "" scam "" , i think many people would think the same way i do . even if it did ' t work out , i figured that i would at least get my money back . but like i was saying , in september of 1997 , i received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off of a mailing list . thank goodness for that ! ! ! after reading it several times , to make sure i was reading it correctly , i could n't believe my eyes . after detrerminging that the program is legal and not a chain letter , i decided "" why not "" initially i sent 10 , 000 e-mails . the great thing about e-mail is that i did n't need any money for printing to send out the program . i am telling you like it is . i hope it does n't turn you off but i promised myself i would not rip anyone off . in less than one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by october 13th , i had received 26 orders for report # 1 . when you read the guarntee in the program you will see that "" you must receive 15 to 20 orders for report # 1 within 2 weeks , if you don ' t send outmore programs until you do ! "" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in 20to 90 days was done . by november 30th , i had received 196 orders for report # 2 . if you go back to the guarantee . "" you must receive 100 ormore orders for report # 2 within two weeks . if not send out more programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goal "" . well , i had 196 orders for report # 2 , 96 more than i need . so i sat back and relax . by january19th , of my emailing of 10 , 000 people , i received $ 58 , 000 with more coming in everyday . please take time to read the attached program . it will change your life forever ! remember , it won't work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it excatly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place . it does n't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! report # 2 explains this . always follow the guarantee , 15 to 20 orders of report # 1 and 100 or more orders of report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or morein 20 to 90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i ' m sorry , it reallyis a great opportunity with little cost of risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to finanial security . sincerely , paul campo $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the direction , then read it again ! ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven itsability to generate large amounts of this program is showing fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go to the bank ! this truly is that lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow the easy instruction in this letter , and your financial dreams will come true ! when followed correctly , this electronic , multi-level marketing programworks perfectly . . . 100 % every time ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , car , etc . , - even retire ! this is your chance , so do n't pass it up ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary electronic multi-level marketing program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - basically , this is what we do : we send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that cost next to nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level bussiness by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new multi-level business on-line ( via your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial reports cost $ 5 . 00 each . each ordrer you receive via "" snail mail "" will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they ordered . to fill each other , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the most easiest electronic multi-level marketingbusiness anywhere ! follow the instructiions to the letter andbe prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * * instruction * * * * * * * * this what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if you do n't order them ) . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose > name appers on the list next to the report . * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save them on your computer and resell them . * within a few days you will receive , via e-mail , each of the four reports . save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send to the 1 , 000 's people who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of people who are listed next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in step "" a "" through "" d "" oryou will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way thisworks , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , replace the name andaddress under report # 1 with your name and address , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . c . move the name and address that was under report # 2 down to report # 3 . d . move the name and address that was under report # 3 down to report # 4 . e . the name and address that was under report # 4 is removed from the list and has no doubt collected their 50 grand . please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address accurately ! ! ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no change to the instruction portion of this letter . 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the world wide web ! advertising on the web is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . another avenue which you coulduse for advertising is e-mail lists . you can buy these list for under $ 20 / 2 , 000 addresses or you can pay someone a minimal chage to takecare of it for you . be sure to start your ad campaign > immediately ! 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they sent out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > ailable reports > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report - always send your order via first class mail - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least twosheets of paper - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e - mail address , and ( c ) your postal address . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - report # 1 "" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multilevel sales "" order report # 1 from : soloman ng 1025 mckay dr . apt # 37 san jose , ca 95131 usa - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - report # 2 "" major corporations and multilevel sales "" order report # 2 from : pcc po box 3535 margate , nj 08402 usa - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - report # 3 "" sources for the best mailing list "" order report # 3 from : cunningham marketing po box 3556 farmington hills , mi 48333-3556 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > report # 4 "" evaluating multilevel sales plans "" order report # 4 from : dare2succeed po box 30306 bethesda , md 20824-0306 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - here ' s how this amaziing plan will make you $ money $ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also assume that everyone else in your orginization getsonly 10 down line members . follow this example to achieve the staggering result below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . $ 5000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - $ 55 , 550 ! remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they > got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think about it ! your cost to participate in this practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 for a chance to make $ 55 , 000 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 3 shows you the most productive methods for bulk e-mailing and purchasing e-mailing list . some list & bulk e-mail vendors even work on trade ! about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the direction accurately . * send for the four reports immidiately so you will have them whenthe orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , section 255 and 436 , which state that "" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . "" * always provide same-day service on the order you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself amd know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mail and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! note : if you need help with starting a business , registering a business name , how income tax is handled , etc . , contact your local office of the small business administration ( a federal agency ) for free help and answers to questions . also , the internet revenue service offers free help via telephone and free seminars about business taxes . in addition , if you want to get a free web site and want to make money with it , here is what you are looking for . http : / / members . spree . com / yamfung / * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it works . it really is a great oppotunity to make relatively easy money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . sean mclaughlin , jackson , msmy name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving "" junk mail . "" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population and percentage involed . i "" knew "" it would n't work . doris totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old "" i told you so "" on her when the thing did n't work . . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days shehad received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would ' t work . i am a believer now . i have joined doris in her "" hobby "" . i did have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the "" rat race "" and it 's not for me . we owe it all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , mdi just want to pass along my best wishes and encouragement to you . any doubts you havev will vanish when your first orders come in . i even checked with the u . s . post office to verify that the plan was legal . it definiely is ! it works ! ! ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me serveral weeks to make up my mind to participate in the plan . but conservative that i am , i decided that i would ' t get enough orders to at lease get my money back . boy , was i suprised when i found my medium-size post office box crammed with orders ! for a while , it got so overloaded that i had to start pickingup my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't matter where in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i woundered if i should n't have given it a try . of cause , i had no idea who to contact to get another copy , so i had to wait until i was e-mailed another program . 11 month passed then it came . . . . i did ' t delete this one ! . . . . i made more than $ 41 , 000 on the first try ! ! wilburn , muncie , in this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden oppotunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , waa order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! ! ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
",1
85,"Subject: dr . tina s . alster , cosmetic laser surgery , www . skinlaser . com
 
 this is a one time mailing , if you are not interested , simply hit "" delete . "" the essential guide to cosmetic laser surgery : click here . tina s . alster , m . d . is the founding director of the washington institute of dermatologic laser surgery . she is a lecturer in dermatology at harvard medical school and clinical assistant professor of dermatology and pediatrics at georgetown university medical center . recognized as one of the nation 's leading practitioners of dermatologic laser surgery , in this book she reveals the revolutionary new way to erase wrinkles , age spots , scars , birthmarks , moles and tattoos - - and how not to get burned in the process . a must read for anyone considering cosmetic laser surgery . click here . thank you for your time . michael h . stokes information technology consultant washington institute of dermatologic laser surgery
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86,"Subject: last chance
 
 if you wish to be removed , reply with "" remove "" as the subject . the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence programs for your ibm pc or compatible and also for macintosh . you can watch them , talk to them , ask them questions , tell them secrets , and relate with them . watch them as you ask them to take off different clothes and guide them through many different activities . watch and participate in the hottest sexual activities available on computer , including : several sexual positions , using many unique toys , even bringing in multiple partners . this is no doubt one of the most realistic , sexually stimulating computer games available . they will remember your name , birthday , your likes and your dislikes . every time you start the program , they say different things , and act differently . each time , they have a different personality . with the vga digital graphics , the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend software have some of the hottest , sexiest graphics out there . and with a soundblaster or compatible card , you can actually hear their voice as they talk to you . this is the first adult software title that was designed for both heterosexual and homosexual people . i would like you to try the actual full copy out before it is put on the market . it will be sold for 1 / 5 of the actual price ( $ 10 . 00 ) until i can get back some information on what people think of the program . please give it a try and write back any comments . thank you . if you are interested and would like to order a copy , then you can read the mailing instructions below . it comes in an unmarked package and you are not put on any mailing lists whatsoever , guaranteed . it will run on any 386 , 486 or higher , and 100 % ibm compatibles . required is vga graphics , and a hard drive . the sound card is optional . macintosh requires at least 4 meg of ram . virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence programs , meaning they are completely interactive . it would be just like if you were talking to someone . you can actually have simple conversations . their attitudes change with the different things you say , so you can say things that will upset them , and then say things that will please them . the more you play / talk with them , the more you learn what they can do , and what they like to do . it really is a blast . with all these movies coming out about virtual reality , it 's amazing to actually have a virtual reality program like this for your own computer . it 's easy to install , and instructions are easy to follow . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ special software offer ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this is to inform you about the new adult game that vcs magazine rated "" the best game of "" 97 "" . "" the search for paradise is no doubt one of the greatest xxx adult games available "" . the first games where it is as much fun as it is a turn on ! travel the world to every continent , every country you can think of , and meet some of the most beautiful women in existence . these women will treat you like a king and obey your every command . any sexual wish you can think of , these women know it all . there is a different paradise for every guy out there , and this game will have them all . this game uses real models , digital video , and digital sound to make it as realistic as possible . you will feel like you ' re in the same room as the girl you ' re talking to ! ! ! as an added bonus you ' ll receive "" club celebrity x "" meet , talk to and even have your way with the celebrities of your choice . imagine being in a club with some very beautiful , well known , actual celebrities ! you have seen these girls on t . v . , magazines and billboard ads . now they are on your computer begging for action . this game is hot and once you start playing , you won't be able to stop ! ! ! ~ required : 386 or better , 4 meg ram or better , windows 3 . 1 or higher ( win95 is fine ) , sound card is optional , rom is optional . ( game is given either cd - rom or compressed 3 . 5 "" diskettes ) . ~ ~ $ 19 . 95 ! order now and get everything for just $ 24 . 95 ! ! ! ! at your request , the programs can come with a password protection utility that only allows the program to run when the correct password is entered . ( you must be 18 or over to purchase ) please fill out the following form and mail it to the address above . ( feel free to write out the order form by hand ) send payment to : bruce nichols 2155 verdugo blvd . # 522 montrose , ca 91020 your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do you have an ibm ( ) or mac ( ) ? cd rom ( ) or disks ( ) ? ( ) virtual girdfriend or ( ) boyfriend for $ 10 . 00 ( ) * both just $ 15 . 95 ( ) the search for paradise and club celebrity x for $ 19 . 95 ( ) everything ! ! ! the search for paradise , club celebrity x , virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend . > > > > all for just $ 24 . 95
",1
87,"Subject: do n't just orbit in cyberspace , skyrocket !
 
 launch your online sales into a new stratosphere of growth $ $ $ $ $ . for free . sign up now and get 48 hours of free , no charge access to our sampler database of over 9 million targeted / mass mail friendly email addresses . 100 % risk free offer to you . click _ now
",1
88,"Subject: re : information requested
 
 hi , my name is john and i ' m 27 years old . last year i was able to make $ 2 million working out of my home , and i 'd like to share with you how i did it . please take a few moments out of your busy life and listen to a short message that will tell you how ! call and listen to it , now at 1-800 - 764-6203 it could change your life !
",1
89,"Subject: guess who ? ! ? - oqth
 
 http : / / www . lovemenow . com the material on this server is adult oriented and / or sexually explicit , and is related to material of an adult nature . this site provides access to images of nude adults possibly engaging in sexual acts . access is made available only to those who accept the terms of the following agreement : by accepting this agreement , i certify the following : i do not find images of nude adults , adults engaged in sexual acts , or other sexual material to be offensive or objectionable . i am at least 18 years of age and have the legal right to possess adult material in my community . i understand the standards and laws of the community , site and computer to which i am transporting this material , and am solely responsible for my actions . i am not , nor have i ever been employed by a law enforcement agency . i will not attempt to by-pass any security and / or access feature at this site . if i use these services in violation of the above agreement , i understand i may be in violation of local and / or federal laws and am solely responsible for my actions . by logging on , i will have released and discharged the providers , owners and creators of this site from any and all liability which might arise . bookmarking to a page on this server / site whereby this warning page is by-passed shall constitute an implicit acceptance of the foregoing terms herein set forth . http : / / www . lovemenow . com http : / / www . lovemenow . com / cgi-bin / index . pl get you free 3 day trial membership now !
",1
90,"Subject: on - line sales leads
 
 are you looking for pre-qualified sales leads ? do you want to increase your sales without spending a fortune on advertising that doesn t work , or killing yourself cold-calling ? the lead generator , at www . leadgenerator . com has real sales leads that can help you grow your business . the lead generator is not a mailing list , though , or some place to waste your precious advertising dollars . rather , the lead generator is a patented new online service that actually generates real , high-quality sales leads for your business . no matter what you re selling , the lead generator can help you find qualified prospects who are ready , willing and able to buy 24 hours a day . you save time and money ; reduce cold-calling , advertising , telemarketing , and all of the aggravation , cost and effort that goes with selling . increase your sales , find new markets , identify new prospects , and increase your market share while you reduce your selling costs , shorten your sell-cycle and waste less time and money on unqualified prospects . and the more you use the system , the more leads you ll get . to find out more , aim your web browser to http : / / www . leadgenerator . com on - line sales leads from the lead generator . it s like having someone do all the work for you ! jeff
",1
91,"Subject: ad : rate increase
 
 save hundreds of dollars per month on your home mortgage or rent payment and other household expenses ! go to : http : / / www . equitybuilder . net offer ends soon !
",1
92,"Subject: pardon the intrusion but you may want to read the following
 
 / / pardon the intrusion , but you may want to read the following : / / hello ! my name is karen liddell ; i ' m a 35 - year-old mom , wife , and part-time accountant . as a rule , i delete all unsolicited "" junk "" e-mail and use my account primarily for business . i received what i assumed was this same e-mail countless times and deleted it each time . about two months ago i received it again and , because of the catchy subject line , i finally read it . afterwards , i thought , "" ok , i give in , i ' m going to try this . i can certainly afford to invest $ 20 and , on the other hand , there 's nothing wrong with creating a little excess cash . "" i promptly mailed four $ 5 bills and , after receiving the reports , paid a friend of mine a small fee to send out some e-mail advertisements for me . after reading the reports , i also learned how easy it is to bulk e-mail for free ! i was not prepared for the results . every day for the last six weeks , my p . o . box has been overflowing with $ 5 bills ; many days the excess fills up an extra mail bin and i ' ve had to upgrade to the corporate-size box ! i am stunned by all the money that keeps rolling in ! my husband and i have been saving for several years to make a substantial downpayment on a house . now , not only are we purchasing a house with 40 % down , we ' re going to venice , italy to celebrate ! i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be prepared to eventually set aside about an hour each day to follow up ( and count your money ! ) , you will make at least as much money as we did . if you can open an envelope , remove the money , and send an e-mail message , then you ' re on your way to thebank . take the time to read this so you ' ll understand how easy it is . if i can do this , so can you ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * print this now for future reference * * * the following income opportunity is one you may be interested in taking a look at . it can be started with very little investment and the income return is tremendous ! ! ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ you are about to make at least $ 50 , 000 in less than 90 days ! please read the enclosed program . . . then read it again ! ! ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legitimate , legal , money making opportunity . it does not require you to come into contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house except to get the mail . if you believe that someday you ' ll get that big break that you ' ve been waiting for , this is it ! simply follow the instructions , and your dream will come true . this multi-level e-mail order marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time . e - mail is the sales tool of the future . take advantage of this non-commercialized method of advertising now ! ! ! the longer you wait , the more people will be doing business using e-mail . get your piece of this action ! ! ! multi-level marketing ( mlm ) has finally gained respectability . it is being taught in the harvard business school , and both stanford research and the wall street journal have stated that between 50 % and 65 % of all goods and services will be sold through multi-level methods by the mid to late 1990 's . this is a multi - billion dollar industry and of the 500 , 000 millionaires in the u . s . , 20 % ( 100 , 000 ) made their fortune in the last several years in mlm . moreover , statistics show 45 people become millionaires everyday through multi - level marketing . the enclosed information is something i almost let slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . my name is christopher erickson . two years ago , the corporation i worked at for the past twelve years down-sized and my position was eliminated . after unproductive job interviews , i decided to open my own business . over the past year , i incured many unforeseen financial problems . i owed my family , friends and creditors over $ 35 , 000 . the economy was taking a toll on my business and i just could n't seem to make ends meet . i had to refinance and borrow against my home to support my family and struggling business . at that moment something significant happend in my life and i am writing to share the experience in hopes that this will change your life forever financially ! ! ! in mid december , i received this program via e-mail . six month 's prior to receiving this program i had been sending away for information on various business opportunities . all of the programs i received , in my opinion , were not cost effective . they were either too difficult for me to comprehend or the initial investment was too much for me to risk to see if they would work or not . one claimed that i would make a million dollars in one year . . . it did n't tell me i 'd have to write a book to make it ! but like i was saying , in december of 1995 i received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off a mailing list . thank goodness for that ! ! ! after reading it several times , to make sure i was reading it correctly , i could n't believe my eyes . here was a money making phenomenon . i could invest as much as i wanted to start , without putting me further into debt . after i got a pencil and paper and figured it out , i would at least get my money back . after determining the program was legal and not a chain letter , i decided "" why not . "" initially i sent out 10 , 000 e-mails . it cost me about $ 15 . 00 for my time on-line . the great thing about e-mail is that i do n't need any money for printing to send out the program , only the cost to fulfill my orders . i am telling you like it is , i hope it does n't turn you off , but i promised myself that i would not "" rip-off "" anyone , no matter how much money it cost me ! in less than one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by january 13 , i had received 26 orders for report # 1 . when you read the guarantee in the program , you will see that "" you must receive 15-20 orders for report # 1 within 2 weeks . if you don ' t , send out more programs until you do ! "" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in 20-90 days was done . by january 30 , i had received 196 orders for report # 2 . if you go back to the guarantee , "" you must receive 100 + orders for report # 2 within 2 weeks . if not , send out more programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goal "" well , i had 196 orders for report # 2 , 96 more than i needed . so i sat back and relaxed . by march 19 , of my e-mailing of 10 , 000 , i received $ 58 , 000 with more coming in every day . i paid off all my debts and bought a much needed new car . please take time to read the attatched program , it will change your life forever ! ! ! remember , it won't work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place . it won't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! report # 2 explains this . always follow the guarantee , 15-20 orders for report # 1 , and 100 + orders for report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or more in 20-90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i am sorry . it really is a great opportunity with little cost or risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to financial security . if you are a fellow business owner and are if financial trouble like i was , or you want to start your own business , consider this a sign . i did ! sincerely , christopher erickson p . s . do you have any idea what 11 , 700 $ 5 bills ( $ 58 , 000 ) look like piled up on a kitchen table ? it ' s awesome ! a personal note from the orginator of this program : by the time you have read the enclosed program and reports , you should have concluded that such a program , and one that is legal , could not have been created by an amateur . let me tell you a little about myself . i had a profitable business for 10 years . then in 1979 my business began falling off . i was doing the same things that were previously successfull for me , but it was n't working . finally , i figured it out . it was n't me , it was the economy . inflation and recession had replaced the stable economy that had been with us since 1945 . i do n't have to tell you what happend to the unemployment rate . . . because many of you know from first hand experience . there were more failures and bankruptcies than ever before . the middle class was vanishing . those who knew what they were doing invested wisely and moved up . those who did not , including those who never had anything to save or invest , were moving down into the ranks of the poor . as the saying goes , "" the rich get richer and the poor get poorer . "" the traditional methods of making money will never allow you to "" move up "" or "" get rich "" , inflation will see to that . you have just received information that can give you financial freedom for the rest of your life , with "" no risk "" and "" just a little bit of effort . "" you can make more money in the next few months than you have ever imagined . i should also point out that i will not see a penny of this money , nor anyone else who has provided a testimonial for this program . i have already made over 4 million dollars ! i have retired from the program after sending out over 16 , 000 programs . now i have several offices that make this and several other programs here and over seas . by the spring we wish to market the "" internet "" by a partnership with america on line . follow the program exactly as instructed . do not change it in any way . it works exceedingly well as it is now . remember to e-mail a copy of this exciting report to everyone you can think of . one of the people you send this to may send out 50 , 000 . . . and your name will be on everyone of them ! remember though , the more you send out the more potential customers you will reach . so my friend , i have given you the ideas , information , materials and opportunity to become financially independent , it is up to you now ! "" think about it "" before you delete this program from your mailbox , as i almost did , take a little time to read it and really think about it . get a pencil and figure out what could happen when you participate . figure out the worst possible response and no matter how you calculate it , you will still make a lot of money ! you will definitely get back what you invested . any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . it works ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc here ' s how this amazing program will make you $ $ $ $ $ let 's say that you decide to start small , just to see how it goes , and we ' ll assume you and all those involved send out only 2 , 000 programs each . let 's also assume that the mailing receives a 0 . 5 % response . using a good list the response could be much better . also many people will send out hundreds of thousands of programs instead of 2 , 000 . but continuing with this example , you send out only 2 , 000 programs . with a 0 . 5 % response , that is only 10 orders for report # 1 . those 10 people respond by sending out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 20 , 000 . out of those 0 . 5 % , 100 people respond and order report # 2 . those 100 mail out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 200 , 000 . the 0 . 5 % response to that is 1 , 000 orders for report # 3 . those 1 , 000 send out 2 , 000 programs each for a 2 , 000 , 000 total . the 0 . 5 % response to that is 10 , 000 orders for report # 4 . that 's 10 , 000 $ 5 bills for you . cash ! ! ! your total income in this example is $ 50 + $ 500 + $ 5 , 000 + $ 50 , 000 for a total of $ 55 , 550 ! ! ! remember friend , this is assuming 1 , 990 out of the 2 , 000 people you mail to will do absolutely nothing and trash this program ! dare to think for a moment what would happen if everyone , or half sent out 100 , 000 programs instead of 2 , 000 . believe me , many people will do just that , and more ! by the way , your cost to participate in this is practically nothing . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 3 will show you the best methods for bulk e-mailing and obtaining e-mail lists . instructions : we at erris mail order marketing businesses , have a method of raising capital that really works 100 % everytime . i am sure that you could use $ 50 , 000 to $ 125 , 000 in the next 20-90 days . before you say "" bull . . . "" , please read this program carefully . this is not a chain letter , but a perfectly legal money making opportunity . basically , this is what you do : as with all multi-level business , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the usa allows you to recruit new multi-level business partners , and we offer a product for every dollar sent . your orders come and are filled through the mail , so you are not involved in personal selling . you do it privately in your own home , store or office . this is the greatest multi - level mail order marketing anywhere : step ( 1 ) order all four ( 4 ) reports listed by name and number . do this by ordering the report from each of the four ( 4 ) names listed on the next page . for each report , send $ 5 cash and a self-addressed stamped envelope ( business size # 10 ) to the person listed for the specific report . international orders should also include $ 1 extra for postage . it is essential that you specify the name and number of the report requested to the person you are ordering it from . you will need all four ( 4 ) reports because you will be reprinting and reselling them . do not alter the names or sequence other than what the instructions say . important : always provide same-day service on all orders . step ( 2 ) replace the name and address under report # 1 with your 's , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . drop the name and address under report # 2 to report # 3 , moving the one that was there to report # 4 . the name and the address that was under report # 4 is dropped from the list and this party is no doubt on the way to the bank . when doing this , make certain you type the names and addresses accurately ! ! ! do not mix up moving product / report positions ! ! ! step ( 3 ) having made the requested changes in the name list , save it as text ( . txt ) file in it 's own directory to be used with whatever e-mail program you like . again , report # 3 will tell you the best methods of bulk e-mailing and acquiring e-mail lists . step ( 4 ) e - mail a copy of the entire program ( all of this is very important ) to everyone whose address you can get your hands on . start with friends and relatives since you can encourage them to take advantage of this fabulous money-making opportunity . that 's what i did . and they love me now , more than ever . then , e-mail to anyone and everyone ! use your imagination ! you can get e-mail addresses from companies on the internet who specialize in e-mail mailing lists . these are very cheap , 100 , 000 addresses for around $ 35 . important : you won't get a good response if you use an old list , so always request a fresh , new list . you will find out where to purchase these lists when you order the four ( 4 ) reports . always provide same-day service on all orders ! ! ! required reports : * * * order each report by number and name * * * always send a self-addressed , stamped envelope and $ 5 cash for each order requesting the specific report by name and number . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 "" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales "" order report # 1 from : angel ann enterprises p . o . box 668292 charlotte , n . c . 28266-8292 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 "" major corporations and multi-level sales "" order report # 2 from : m . l . m . 3069 alamo dr . suite 178 vacaville , ca . 95687-6344 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 "" sources for the best mailing lists "" order report # 3 from : c . e . e . p . o . box 5145 framingham , ma 01701-5145 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 "" evaluating multi-level sales plans "" order report # 4 from : m . j . k . p . o . box 30821 seattle , wa 98103-0821 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conclusion : i am enjoying my fortune that i made by sending out this program . you too , will be making money in 20-90 days , if you follow the simple steps outlined in this mailing . to be financially independent is to be free . free to make financial decisions as never before . go into business , get into investments , retire or take a vacation . no longer will a lack of money hold you back . however , very few people reach financial independence , because when opportunity knocks , they choose to ignore it . it is much easier to say "" no "" than "" yes "" , and this the question that you must answer . will you ignore this amazing opportunity or will you take advantage of it ? if you do nothing , you have indeed missed something and nothing will change . please re-read this material , this is a special opportunity . if you have any questions , please feel free to write to the sender of this information . you will get a prompt and informative reply . my method is simple . i sell thousands of people a product for $ 5 that cost me pennies to produce and e-mail . i should also point out that this program is legal and everyone who participates will make money . this is not a chain letter or a pyramid scam . at times you probably received chain letters , asking you to send money , on faith , but getting nothing in return , no product what-so - ever ! not only are chain lettters illegal , but the risk of someone breaking the chain makes them quite unattractive . you are offering a legitimate product to your people . after they purchase the product from you , they reproduce more and resell them . it 's simple free enterprise . as you learned from the enclosed material , the product is a series of four ( 4 ) financial and business reports . the information contained in these reports will not only help you in making your participation in this program more rewarding , but will be useful to you in any other business decisions you make in the years ahead . you are also buying the rights to reprint all of the reports , which will be ordered from you by those to whom you mail this program . the concise one and two page reports you will be buying can easily be reproduced at a local copy center for a cost of about 3 cents a copy . best wishes with the program and good luck ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
",1
93,"Subject: defend yourself against criminals
 
 would you be able to defend yourself if attacked on the street ? ? ? hello - most people could n't answer that question with any confidence . with todays crime rate and drug abuse problem , it 's a question that everyone needs to ask themselves . crime statistics from the bureau of justice state that : - 25 % of violent crimes occur at or near the victim 's home - 14 % at school and 12 % at commercial establishments ( stores ) - a woman is raped every 2 minutes in america - 1 out of every 4 rapes takes place in a public area or a parking garage . - 23 % reported being involved with a leisure activity at the time they were victimized . - 21 % reported they were at work or traveling to or from work when the crime occurred . as you can see , a violent crime can happen to anyone at any time regardless of where you live or work . these crimes consisted of assault , robbery , carjacking , rape and murder . based on these statistics , it 's almost guaranteed that you will be the victim of a violent crime at some point in your life . will you react ? ? ? ? i ' ve been studying the martial arts for fifteen years and have been an instructor for thirteen of them . i ' ve been fortunate enough to have studied under some of the best instructors in the country . i currently have a black belt in kenpo karate and have studied tae kwan do , kung fu and i am currently studying hapkido and isfa shootfighting . my video , "" a chance to escape "" , will show you how to defend yourself against the seven most common types of attacks on the street . i will show you self defense techniques that anyone from ages eight to eighty can learn and use to defend themselves . these techniques are quick and easy to learn and can be the difference between life or death if you are attacked on the street . my video uses easy to understand terms for younger children . this video is a must for any college student ( male or female ) . the techniques in this video are not only good for self defense but for building confidence when out in public . senior citizens and middle age adults will gain the most benefit from this video . it will also give you helpful hints on how to carry packages and purses so they won't get taken , how to avoid looking like a victim , and how to use common objects as weapons to fend off even the most aggressive attacker . with so many self defense videos on the market , it is about time that there was one made for people who want one simple and effective so they can actually use the techniques within minutes of learning them . the best part is that you won't have to study karate for fifteen years in order to do these techniques . just a few short minutes and you will understand how effective you can be . when it comes right down to it , you are your own best judge as to whether you feel safe or not . my video will help you to feel that you have an edge on anyone who may try to attack you . it 's impossible to know when or where a violent crime will happen and the last thing you want to be is the victim . this video gives you the chance you need to react and avoid becoming a victim . all you really need is "" a chance to escape . "" to order my video "" a chance to escape "" send check or money order in u . s . funds only for $ 19 . 95 + ( $ 4 . 95 s / h ) to : escape enterprises llc p . o . box 1657 meriden , ct . 06451 sorry , no cod 's . please allow 2 - 3 weeks for delivery . do n't be a victim - fight back k
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94,"Subject: strike when the iron is hot !
 
 hello my name is wayne , if you are like me , you are probably needing to earn some extra income . i think this will help . learn the secret to earning money through the internet . i am now earning a very healthy income after only 90 days , from the comforts of my home , and you can to . * no meetings to attend ! * no selling ! * no products to stock ! * free web site ! * free fax on demand ! * company advertises and sponsors for you ! * do not have to depend on friends & family ! * 250 , 000 card deck mailings monthly ! * 170 , 000 full color brochures sent ! * proven 1 . 6 million visited web page ! * no headaches , no hassles , no work ! what this program is not ! * not a chain letter * not a pyramid scheme * not making phone calls * not contacting people * not peddling products * not a scam , con or trick please take a minute and visit our web site . > from there scroll to the bottom and click on the banner . click here i apologize for the inconvenience , for this was not my intentions . thank you , wayne to be removed from our mailing list please click here
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95,"Subject: thief - proofing a car
 
 thief - proofing a car peripheral connections proves it can be done peripheral connection ( otcbb : pepo ) has made the world a safer place - at least if you are a car or own one . pepc 's wholly-owned subsidiary skynet 2001 has tested and proven its leading-edge technology which seamlessly marries global positioning and gsm digital cellular with a proprietay vecta in-vehicle motor - management control system - to totally thief-proof vulnerable trucks , high risk vans , and cars . skynet 2001 is tomorrow 's technology today . it wraps a vehicle in an invisible "" net ' of radio , electrical , electronic , mechanical , ultrasonic , telematics , and ever-watching satellite protection that spans continents . a lone driver attacked in an isolated spot anywhere is protected within 25 seconds - automatically skynet "" sees "" and "" hears "" a driver , vehicle , or its load under attack , or in a crash - and alerts emergency services . stealing keys is fruitless , the system remotely immobilizes the motor . operating by satellite and mobile phone , it "" sees "" a thief , hijacker , or crash in action . its control center talks to a thief in the act , through the vehicle 's telephone , saying he is being "" watched "" and reported , or in the event of an accident , it will tell a trapped driver and passengers that help is on the way while safely immobilizing the vehicle 's electrics and fuel supply . it also has many more applications , track-monitoring children , precious items , heavy duty plant and machinery , valuable cargo - even the movement of prisoners . = 46or more information on both the skynet product and peripheral connection 's exciting new speculative growth opportunities by e-mail hit reply with "" sky "" in the subject line or fax the following information for a free report . yes , please send me more information about skynet 2001 and peripheral connections . name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax to : 619-839 - 3687
",1
96,"Subject: hi !
 
 * * * this is not spam ! * * * my name is matthew . i make a habit of deleting mail i have not yet read , as i ' m sure you do also . please read this one though , you might find this interesting . i recently lost my high paying job from a major computer corporation due to their loss of a major contract . they messed up , but that whole dep ' t of 15 people including myself are hung out to dry . corporate america at it 's finest . i have not had luck yet finding another job , as my skills were very specific to that company and not really worth anything to another company . during the time i worked there , i also bought and sold real estate like those guys on tv . ( yes , you can do that and make it work for you too ) the key is i made it work . i was fairly successful until the "" nightmare on pleasant st . "" as my freinds and i call it . . . i lost most of my money in that one bad deal and i was no longer financially secure and i relied heavily on my income from my former job . as you ' ve already heard , i lost that too and i started to look for other things i could make money to help me get back on my feet . so , i started to read all of the junk that people have mailed to me . let me tell you , i can't beleive some of the things out there . . . what a waste of time . until i saw this . hold on . i know you are ( like i was ) ready to stop reading right here . i implore you not to . i ( like you ) am not some non-educated fool . i have made much money for myself in real estate , which is not an easy business . i am a rather competent business man . at least finish reading this until the end . * * better still : print this letter and read it in comfort over , and over here is what i saw . . . * i only needed $ 20 extra dollars to try this * this is making money for people who at lease tried a little , so why not me too ? in desparation , i sent the four 5 dollar bills and got the reports . as i always have , i made this work for me too . i took much time and effort to learn about e-mail ( which is a great and free tool ! ! ) and how to send lots of it . now , 19 days after my first mailing of this , i have received roughly 8 , 450 responses . ( trust me , when my fiance ` saw 8 , 450 5 dollar bills on the kitchen table , she no longer laughed at me for trying this ) i wrote a report of my own showing step by step how to do the same which i will give to you for free as a helping hand so we can all continue this success . i will show you every step of cutting , pasting , editing this letter to include your name and address , etc . here is my special offer to help you . . . . as long as my address , basquiat at the evanston po box is on the list below i will send the step-by - step instructions and 100 , 000 e-mail addresses to anyone who orders any report from me . it took some time and expense to put this list together so all i ask is that you add another $ 5 for handling the addresses . the instructions for e _ mailing are free . they will come to you in a . txt format ( which i will teach you how to use in the instructions i ' ve put together ) and less than 2 % will be duplicates . you will get the list of addresses with your report . the first 160 people who order a report from me will receive a different set of addresses . this is my gift to you to help you get started . . . . i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be prepared to eventually set aside about an hour each day to follow up ( and count your money ! ) , you will make at least as much money as i am . you do n't need to be a whiz at the computer , but i ' ll bet you already are . if you can open an envelope , remove the money , and send an e-mail message , then you ' re on your way to the bank . take the time to read this so you ' ll understand how easy it is . if i can do this , so can you ! add this e-mail to ' favorite places ' by dragging the heart at the upper right corner of this window to the heart / folder picture next to the file cabinet . that way , you will have a copy of this for future use . go for it now ! ! matthew the following is a copy of the e-mail i read : $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then read it again ! ! ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its ability to generate large amounts of cash . this program is showing fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go to the bank ! this truly is that lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow the easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams will come true ! when followed correctly , this electronic , multi-level marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , cars , etc . , - even retire ! this is your chance , so do n't pass it up ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary electronic multi-level marketing program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - basically , this is what we do : we send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level businesses , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new business online ( via your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive via "" snail mail "" will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they ordered . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s it ! the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest electronic business anywhere ! follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if you do n't order them ) . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose name appears on the list next to the report . * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save them on your computer and resell them . * within a few days you will receive , via e-mail , each of the four save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send reports to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in steps "" a "" through "" d "" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , replace the name and address under report # 1 with your name and address , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . c . move the name and address that was under report # 2 down to report # 3 . d . move the name and address that was under report # 3 down to report # 4 . e . the name and address that was under report # 4 is removed from the list and has no doubt collected their 50 grand . please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address accurately ! ! ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this letter . 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the worldwide web ! advertising on the web is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . another avenue which you could use for advertising is e-mail lists . you can buy these lists for under $ 20 / 2 , 000 addresses or you can pay someone a minimal charge to take care of it for you . be sure to start your ad campaign immediately ! 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report - always send your order via first class mail - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets of paper - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and ( c ) your postal address . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 "" how to reorganize your time to accommodate a home based business "" order report # 1 from : g & p enterprises po box 3544 lubbock , tx 79452 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 "" major corporations and e-mail "" order report # 2 from : a&j advertising p . o . box 16057 st . paul , mn 55116-0057 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 "" sources for the best mailing lists "" order report # 3 from : basqiuat po box 1963 evanston , il 60204 ( add an additional $ 5 . to cover handling the 100 , 000 e - mail addresses i will send you when you order any report from me . also note as well that you want the e - mailing instructions ( which is free ) sent to you . when you move my address down move this offer also . ( it will help us all . ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 "" evaluating multi-level sales plans "" order report # 4 from : a basket affair 4505 hamptonshire drive raleigh , nc 27613 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think about it ! your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 3 shows you the most productive methods for bulk e-mailing and purchasing e-mail lists . some list & bulk e-mail vendors even work on trade ! about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which state that "" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . "" * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! note : if you need help with starting a business , registering a business name , how income tax is handled , etc . , contact your local office of the small business administration ( a federal agency ) for free help and answers to questions . also , the internal revenue service offers free help via telephone and free seminars about business taxes . * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving "" junk mail . "" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population and percentages involved . i "" knew "" it would n't work . doris totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old "" i told you so "" on her when the thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i have joined doris in her "" hobby . "" i did have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the "" rat race "" and it 's not for me . we owe it all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i surprised when i found my medium - size post office box crammed with orders ! for awhile , it got so overloaded that i had to start picking up my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't matter where in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to contact to get another copy , so i had to wait until i was e-mailed another program . . . 11 months passed then it came . . . i did n't delete this one ! . . . i made more than $ 41 , 000 on the first try ! ! d . wilburn , muncie , in this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! ! !
",1
97,"Subject: unlimited cash & millions in your mail
 
 this mail is sent to someone who shared money making programs in the past . if this sent in error or spamming you , please accept my appologize - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dear nlpeople this program is the most money making program i have ever seen on the net . the advantage of this program is that your money will directed to your mailing address without intrusion of a third party as most mlm programs doing . just visit http : / / come . to / millionaire warmest regards ,
",1
98,"Subject: the internet success toolbox
 
 note : we do not wish to send e-mail to anyone that does not want it so please send an e-mail to : remove929 @ yahoo . com you will be removed promptly . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * "" the internet success toolbox "" the most complete marketing software package available anywhere ! this is what you will receive on cd-rom : 1 . stealth mass mailer ( $ 399 . 00 value ) - this unique , first of it 's kind - software that allows you to easily send 250 , 000 e-mail messages an hour . simply enough by making a single connection to the internet using a standard modem , and connecting to either 20 different mail servers , or a single mail server 20 times . this , easy to use , software is designed for the basic computer user to understand . it 's as easy as imputing the mail server , selecting the list of e-mail recipients to send to , inserting your e-mail address , adding your subject line , selecting your sales letter , and pressing send . 2 . e - mail pro extractor ( $ 350 . 00 value ) - this one of a kind software program is designed to manage and clean up any list of e-mail addresses . it will purge duplicates , manage removes and delete undeliverables . it will also separate and categorize your list of e-mail addresses by domain names . the e - mail pro version 4 . 0 bulk e - mail loader also imports simple text files that anyone can download from aol , compuserve , the internet , etc . . . these text files contain classified ads , forum messages , or data from the member directory . each of these files are filled with e-mail addresses . 3 . check deposit system ( $ 125 . 00 value ) - check deposit system version 2 . 1 is a state of the art , revolutionary software that allows you to easily and legally process checks by fax , phone or internet . the customer 's signature on the check is not necessary . 4 . 16 million e - mail addresses ( $ 149 . 00 value ) - we took a total of over 92 million e-mail addresses from many of the touted cd 's that are out there ( bought them all - some were $ 300 + ) ! we added the millions we had in storage to those . when we combined them all , we had in excess of 100 + million addresses in one huge file . we then ran a super "" sort / de-dupe "" program against this huge list . it cut the file down to less than 25 million ! ! we then ran a program that contained 150 + keywords to remove addresses with vulgarity , profanity , sex-related names , postmaster , webmaster , flamer , abuse , spam , etc . . . also we eliminated all . edu , . mil . , org . , gov . , etc . . . after that list was run against the remaining list , it reduced it down to near 16 million addresses ! so , you see , our list will save people hundreds of dollars buying all others that are out there on cd . using ours will be like using the 100 + million that we started with , but a lot less money and a lot less time ! if you order "" the internet success toolbox "" for $ 395 . 00 within the next 7 days , you ' ll also receive the following awesome bonuses absolutely free . a value of over $ 600 . 00 ! ! ! to order : _ _ _ _ yes ! i ' m bursting with anticipation ! please send me "" the internet success toolbox "" so i can start advertising my business to "" millions of people "" - absolutely free ! i ' m anxious to see how others are creating immediate "" cash-flow explosions "" , and eliminating most of their advertising and marketing costs - and how i can do the same ! enclosed is $ 395 . _ _ _ _ yes again ! because i ' m responding within 7 days , i will receive 6 bonuses with a total value of $ 663 . 90 - absolutely free ! they include : bonus # 1 ( $ 39 value ) : "" search engine secrets "" - discover the most powerful and proven strategies that really work to place you at the top of the search engines ! bonus # 2 ( $ 195 value ) : a free one year subcription to "" the internet success toolbox newsletter "" - my ticket to marketing and internet cash flow heaven ! bonus # 3 ( $ 39 . 95 value ) : your hotline list of "" 7000 free classified ad sites on the internet "" - a virtual goldmine ! bonus # 4 ( $ 19 . 95 value ) : a free special report titled "" how to put your business on automatic pilot and turn your marketing system into a predictable , turnkey , cash - flow machine that keeps on working - even when you do n't ! ! "" bonus # 5 ( $ 195 value ) : unlimited technical support . even though "" the internet success toolbox "" will be simple to use , it 's great to know support is always available - if and when you really need it ! and last but not least . . . . bonus # 6 ( $ 175 value ) : order within 7 days and i ' ll also throw in a free vacation certificate good for 3 days and 2 nights of free lodging at one of over 30 "" premier "" resorts . some vacation spots you can choose from include : hawaii ; orlando , fl ; las vegas ; atlantic city ; palm springs ; aruba - in the south carribean ; cancun , mexico ; and many , many more ! hey , when you start making a ton of money , you ' ll wanna do some celebrating , won't you ? so start packing those bags ! that 's it . a lot more than you bargained for is n't it ? when you total all the goodies up , you ' re looking as a total value of $ 663 . 90 ! all yours - absolutely free - with your purchase of our amazing package "" the internet success toolbox "" for only $ 395 . 00 . and i ' ll even pay for shipping your package . you can have it in days . and start making money the very same day ! anyway , i have a copy right here on my desk reserved for you . all i need is your go ahead and i ' ll rush it out to you along with your 6 free bonuses . name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # ( _ _ _ _ _ ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax # ( _ _ _ _ _ _ ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ mastercard total : $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ account number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i understand that all sales are final . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature to order by check : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tape or paste your check here fax it to us at : ( 425 ) 379-9722 you do not need to send a hard copy of your check . the fax is all we need . ( we are able to perform this service using our check deposit system software ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * orders by credit card are shipped immediately . fax completed order form to : ( 425 ) 379-9722 * orders by personal , business or credit card check are shipped in 7-10 business days . * orders mailed in or overnighted with cashier ' s check or money order are shipped immediately . mail to : sys 11014 19th ave se suite 305 everett , wa 98208 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",1
99,"Subject: free
 
 this is a multi-part message in mime format . - - - - - - = _ nextpart _ 000 _ 0139 _ 01bd8356 . 354ff2e0 content - type : multipart / alternative ; boundary = "" - - - - = _ nextpart _ 001 _ 013a _ 01bd8356 . 354ff2e0 "" - - - - - - = _ nextpart _ 001 _ 013a _ 01bd8356 . 354ff2e0 content - type : text / plain ; charset = "" iso - 8859 - 1 "" content - transfer - encoding : 7bit * * * scotland-net ~ make and save $ $ $ $ $ on the world wide web now ! * free web access ! ! ! free web access ! ! ! free web access ! ! ! note - though this isp 's service is initially only available from the uk , the referral agent opportunity is available worldwide , and overseas agents do n't need to take the service themselves . uk internet provider who will give any customer permanent free access - for introducing new users . they also offer monthly residual income for introducing more users down to 7 levels . the company is an existing provider and not new but is obviously progressive ! pre - apply as an agent now and start getting others pre - applied under you by sending the same info as this - while it 's free . the 123net site and free pre-application form is at : http : / / www . 123net . co . uk / agents / prebuild . htm or http : / / 195 . 188 . 52 . 156 / forms / default . htm . . . to pre-apply you ' ll need my details which are : sponsor 's id : - ed78564314 sponsor 's name : - arthur frederick edwards sponsor 's e-mail : webmaster @ alba . tm arthur f edwards . * free advertising ! ! ! http : / / www . alba . tm / letter . html * free advertising ! ! ! http : / / www . bannerpromo . net / freead . cfm ? idno = 1454 * affordable domain registration - be set up in 24 hours ! - protect your company and / or name now fast service ~ low registration costs http : / / www . yourname . com / . net / . co . uk etc . . . * we can set up ; - * your own company domain name * unlimited e-mail addresses * fast webspace * full graphical access statistics * unlimited support and advice * pre - installed cgi scripts * microsoft frontpage compatible * free domain name ( subject to conditions ) * e - mail forwarding * web site forwarding prices from virtual servers @ only $ 16 . 49 per month ! ! ! - http : / / www . msn . tm * get 50 , 000 + visitors to your site - free ! - http : / / www . links2u . com / index . shtml ? webmaster @ alba . tm * want us to sell your products on our pages ? we are happy to resell your products on our pages . no sales no charge . email webmaster @ alba . tm * notice ; - agents required to give away mobile telephones - free to join . also free telephones available . a no credit check scheme also available . ( uk only ) * build a fast growing list of prospective customers interested in your products & services ! we can turn your casual visitors to your website into successful long term business relationships ! how ? - http : / / www . alba . tm / newsletter . html * help wanted ! ! ! would you like to e-mail your business message directly to 1000 's of prospective customers ? and not become a hated "" spammer "" in the process ? how ? http : / / www . alba . tm / newsletters . html * "" a giant enters the network arena ! "" - http : / / www . longuevue . net / team / scotland-net . htm * get unlimited free postcards ! todays the day to send a heap of free postcards - compliments of scotland - net ! everything from "" i love you "" to "" congratulations "" to "" my cats fine "" go to http : / / www . msn . tm got a website ? install a free postcards department free . install a guestbook free . install a search engine free . - http : / / www . alba . tm * get unlimited free ads in this publication - reach 5 , 000 + people worldwide for free ! ! ! e-mail free @ alba . tm * need a webpage ? don ' t know if internet advertising will work for you ? don ' t want to pay a lot of money ? then budget advertising is here for you ! ! ! get you or your company on the net from only $ 49 . 50 per year ! e-mail free @ alba . tm * more affordable web promotion at - http : / / www . servers-unlimited . com / members / aedwards . htm earn a share in ta companys worldwide income ! go to http : / / www . alba . tm and click on the links2u sign free ! * visit the internet proshop - http : / / foreverweb . com / cgi-foreverweb / href _ click . cgi ? im1710 * submit your site to 600 + search engines , spiders etc . . . - http : / / www . eyeonmedicine . com / dist / 780957 . htm * save money on phone calls - anywhere in the world ! - http : / / ld . net / ? 2253 * earnmoney while you use your computer , free ! - http : / / ld . net / bizop / ? 2253 * or earn it introducing people free ! - http : / / foreverweb . com / cgi-foreverweb / sspregister _ click . cgi ? im1710 * photoreading personal learning course * play the lotto free and win big big prizes ! - http : / / www . alba . tm * gents ! take a break and go and see some pretty women ! great ! http : / / aprettywoman . com / a . cgi / 2335 * plus lots , lots more ! ! ! to much to list - feel free to e-mail us at free @ alba . tm please take time to visit our great products ! * member , international webmasters association - http : / / iwanet . org * & the world wide web chamber of commerce - http : / / www . webchamber . com * - - - - - - = _ nextpart _ 001 _ 013a _ 01bd8356 . 354ff2e0 content - type : text / html ; charset = "" iso - 8859 - 1 "" content - transfer - encoding : quoted-printable body { background-repeat : repeat-y ; color : # cccccc ; font-family : georgia , = "" serif "" ; font-size : 12pt ; margin-left : 78px } a { color : # b55a10 } hr { color : # 293139 ; height : 4px ; width : 100 % } &nbsp ; &nbsp ; * * * scotland-net ~ make and save $ $ $ $ $ on the world = wide web now = 20 ! * free web access ! ! ! free web access ! ! ! free web access ! ! ! note - = though = 20 this isp 's service is initially only available from the = uk , thereferral = 20 agent opportunity is available worldwide , and overseas agents = do n't need to = 20 take the service themselves . ukinternet provider who will give = any = 20 customer permanent free access - forintroducing new users . they = also = 20 offer monthly residual income for introducing more users down to = 7levels . = 20 the company is an existing provider and not new but is = 20 obviouslyprogressive ! pre - apply as an agent now and start getting = others = 20 pre-applied under you by sending the same info as this - while it 's = 20 free . the 123net site and free pre-application form is at : href = 3d "" http : / / www . 123net . co . uk / agents / prebuild . htm "" = 20 http : / / www . 123net . co . uk / agents / prebuild . htmor = href = 3d "" http : / / 195 . 188 . 52 . 156 / forms / default . htm "" = 20 http : / / 195 . 188 . 52 . 156 / forms / default . htm . . . = to = 20 pre-apply you ' ll need my details which are : sponsor 's = id : &nbsp ; &nbsp ; = 20 - &nbsp ; ed78564314sponsor 's name : &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; = 20 - &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; arthur frederick edwardssponsor 's = e-mail : &nbsp ; = 20 webmaster @ alba . tmarthur f edwards . * free advertising ! ! ! = href = 3d "" http : / / www . alba . tm / letter . html "" = 20 http : / / www . alba . tm / letter . html * free advertising = ! ! ! href = 3d "" http : / / www . bannerpromo . net / freead . cfm ? idno = 3d1454 "" = 20 http : / / www . bannerpromo . net / freead . cfm ? idno = 3d1454 = * affordable = 20 domain registration - be set up in 24 hours ! &nbsp ; - protect your = company = 20 and / or name now fast service ~ low registration costs href = 3d "" http : / / www . yourname . com / "" = http : / / www . yourname . com / . net = 20 / . co . uk etc . . . * we can set up ; - * your own company domain name = * unlimited = 20 e-mail addresses * fast webspace * full graphical access statistics = * unlimited = 20 support and advice * pre - installed cgi scripts * microsoft frontpage = compatible = 20 * free domain name ( subject to conditions ) * e - mail forwarding * web = site = 20 forwardingprices from virtual servers @ only $ 16 . 49 per month = 20 ! ! ! &nbsp ; &nbsp ; - http : / / www . msn . tm * get 50 , 000 + visitors to your = site - = 20 free ! &nbsp ; - href = 3d "" http : / / www . links2u . com / index . shtml ? webmaster @ alba . tm "" = 20 http : / / www . links2u . com / index . shtml ? webmaster @ alba . tm * want = 20 us to sell your products on our pages ? &nbsp ; we are happy to resell = your = 20 products on our pages . no sales no charge . email = 20 webmaster @ alba . tm * notice ; - agents required to give away mobile = 20 telephones - free to join . also free telephones available . &nbsp ; a = no = 20 credit check scheme also available . ( uk only ) * build a fast growing = list of = 20 prospective customers&nbsp ; interested in your products &amp ; = services = 20 ! &nbsp ; we can turn your casual visitors to your website = intosuccessful = 20 long term business relationships ! how ? - href = 3d "" http : / / www . alba . tm / newsletter . html "" = 20 http : / / www . alba . tm / newsletter . html * help = wanted ! ! ! would = 20 you like to e-mail your business messagedirectly to 1000 's of = prospective = 20 customers ? and not become a hated &quot ; spammer&quot ; in the = process ? how ? = 20 http : / / www . alba . tm / newsletters . html * &quot ; a = giant = 20 enters the network arena ! &quot ; &nbsp ; - href = 3d "" http : / / www . longuevue . net / team / scotland-net . htm "" = 20 http : / / www . longuevue . net / team / scotland-net . htm * get = 20 unlimited free postcards ! todays the day to send a heap of free = postcards - = 20 compliments ofscotland - net ! everything from &quot ; i love you = &quot ; to = 20 &quot ; congratulations&quot ; to &quot ; my cats fine&quot ; go to http : / / www . msn . tm got a = website ? = 20 install a free postcards department free . install a guestbook free . = install a = 20 search engine free . &nbsp ; - http : / / www . alba . tm * get unlimited free ads in = this = 20 publication - reach 5 , 000 + people worldwidefor free ! ! ! e-mail = 20 free @ alba . tm * need a webpage ? don ' t know if internet advertising = will work = 20 for you ? don ' t want to pay a lot of money ? then budget = advertising is = 20 here for you ! ! ! get you or your company on thenetfrom only = $ 49 . 50 per = 20 year ! e-mail free @ alba . tm * more affordable web promotion at - href = 3d "" http : / / www . servers-unlimited . com / members / aedwards . htm "" = 20 http : / / www . servers-unlimited . com / members / aedwards . htm = earn = 20 a share in ta companys worldwide income ! go to href = 3d "" http : / / www . alba . tm / "" = 20 http : / / www . alba . tm and click on the links2u sign = 20 free ! * visit the internet proshop - href = 3d "" http : / / foreverweb . com / cgi-foreverweb / href _ click . cgi ? im1710 "" = 20 http : / / foreverweb . com / cgi-foreverweb / href _ click . cgi ? im171 = 0 * submit = 20 your site to 600 + search engines , spiders etc . . . &nbsp ; - &nbsp ; href = 3d "" http : / / www . eyeonmedicine . com / dist / 780957 . htm "" = 20 http : / / www . eyeonmedicine . com / dist / 780957 . htm&nbsp ; &nb = sp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbs = p ; &nbsp ; * save = 20 money on phone calls - anywhere in the world ! - href = 3d "" http : / / ld . net / ? 2253 "" = http : / / ld . net / ? 2253 * earnmoney = 20 while you use your computer , free ! - &nbsp ; href = 3d "" http : / / ld . net / bizop / ? 2253 "" = 20 http : / / ld . net / bizop / ? 2253 * or earn it = introducing people = 20 free ! - href = 3d "" http : / / foreverweb . com / cgi-foreverweb / sspregister _ click . cgi ? im1710 = "" = 20 http : / / foreverweb . com / cgi-foreverweb / sspregister _ click . cg = i ? im1710&nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; * photoreading = 20 personal learning course * play the lotto free and win big big prizes = ! - = 20 http : / / www . alba . tm * gents ! = 20 take a break and go and see some pretty women ! = 20 great ! &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nb = sp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; = 20 http : / / aprettywoman . com / a . cgi / 2335&nbsp ; &nbsp = ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; = &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; & = nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &n = bsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nb = sp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbs = p ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; * = &nbsp ; = 20 plus lots , lots more ! ! ! to much to list-feel free to e-mail us at = 20 free @ alba . tm&nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; please take = time to = 20 visit our great products ! * member , international webmasters = association - href = 3d "" http : / / iwanet . org / "" = 20 http : / / iwanet . org&nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; = &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; * &nbsp ; = 20 &amp ; the world wide web chamber of commerce - href = 3d "" http : / / www . webchamber . com / "" = 20 http : / / www . webchamber . com * = - - - - - - = _ nextpart _ 001 _ 013a _ 01bd8356 . 354ff2e0 - - - - - - - - = _ nextpart _ 000 _ 0139 _ 01bd8356 . 354ff2e0 content - type : image / gif ; name = "" judge 's chambers . gif "" content - transfer - encoding : base64 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",1
100,"Subject: 16 - m clean e - mail addresses
 
 16 million clean e - mail addresses we took a total of over 92 million e-mail addresses from many of the touted cd 's that are out there ( bought them all - some were $ 300 + ) ! we added the millions we had in storage to those . when we combined them all , we had in excess of 100 + million addresses in one huge file . we then ran a super "" sort / de-dupe "" program against this huge list . it cut the file down to less than 25 million ! ! can you believe that ! ? it seems that most people that are selling cd 's are duping the public by putting numerous files of addresses in the cd over and over . this created many duplicate addresses . they also had many "" program generated "" e-mail addresses like compuserve , mci , anon 's , etc . . . this causes a tremendous amount of undeliverables , and for those that use stealth programs , clogs up servers quickly with trash . etc . . . we then ran a program that contained 150 + keywords to remove addresses with vulgarity , profanity , sex-related names , postmaster , webmaster , flamer , abuse , spam , etc . . . also we eliminated all . edu , . mil . , org . , gov . , etc . . . after that list was run against the remaining list , it reduced it down to near 16 million addresses ! so , you see , our list will save people hundreds of dollars buying all others that are out there on cd . using ours will be like using the 100 + million that we started with , but a lot less money and a lot less time ! we also purchased cyber promo 's ( $ 995 . 00 ) cd . we received it just prior to finishing production work on the new cd . we had our people take a random sample of 300 , 000 addresses from the touted 2 . 9 million that they advertised . we used a program that allows us to take a random sample of addresses from any list . we were able to have the program take every 9th address , thus giving us a 300 , 000 list of cyber 's e-mail addresses from top to bottom . we did not clean these , but we did create 3 separate files named cyber1 . txt , cyber2 . txt , and cyber3 . txt of 100 , 000 addresses each . this will give all people that use the list an opportunity to send mail to the list before deciding if their cd is all it 's hyped up to be . we also included a 2 + million "" remove / flamer "" file broke into separate files for ease of extracting and adding to your own database of removes . "" you can buy from the rest or you can buy from the best . here 's what you get when you order today : * 16 million e - mail addresses * one line in simple text format * all on cd-rom * files are in lots of 100 , 000 ( no codes to open files ) * all files are separated by domain name for your convenience ! * plus you receive a tremendous remove list ! * plus a sampling of cyberpromo 's hot list now only $ 149 . 00 ! this price is effective for the next seven days , thereafter the price will be $ 199 . 00 so order now ! all lists are completely free of any duplicates . we also on a continual basis , add new names and remove undeliverables and remove requests . the result is the cleanest e - mail addresses available anywhere to use over and over again . all for a fraction of the cost that other companies charge . typical rates for acquiring e-mail lists are from "" information highway "" robbery ! do n't even hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most effective way to market anywhere . . . period ! http : / / www . gaura . com / software / sys . htm http : / / www . gaura . com / software to order : to order , simple print out the ez order form below and fax it to our office today . we accept visa or mastercard . or checks by fax fax completed form to : ( 425 ) 379-9722 _ _ _ _ _ e - mail pro . . . . . $ 350 . 00 _ _ _ _ stealth mass mailer . . . $ 395 . 00 _ _ _ _ 16 million clean e - mail addresses on cd-rom . . . . $ 149 . 00 _ _ _ _ check deposit system . . . . . $ 99 . 00 _ _ _ _ submit spider standard version . . . . $ 49 . 95 _ _ _ _ submit spider professional version . . . . $ 99 . 90 _ _ _ _ send software on cd-rom . . . . $ 10 . 00 name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country code or zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ type of credit card : _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ _ mastercard account number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total amount : $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i understand that all sales are final . signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ check by fax : if you would like to fax a check , paste your check below and fax it to ( 425 ) 379-9722 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * please paste your check here and fax it to us at : ( 425 ) 379-9722 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from your original check . all checks will be held for bank clearance .
",1
101,"Subject: who is who ! ! !
 
 this message is being sent to you because we feel it would be beneficial to you to be included on the international executive guild 's who 's who cd - rom . if this letter has been an inconvenience to you in any way please accept our apology and simply type "" remove "" in the first space of our application form and we will take you off our database . thank you for your help in keeping this a spam free internet . ' dear candidate , you have been selected as a potentially qualified candidate for inclusion on the latest state of the art , the international executive guild 's who 's who cd - rom . our researchers gather information from many recognized sources including professional associations and societies , trade organizations , newspaper and magazine articles , web presence , and referrals from existing members . as a highly respected professional in your field of expertise , we believe your contributions merit very serious consideration for inclusion on the international executive guild 's who 's who cd - rom . to maintain the highest level of accuracy we ask you to click on the web address below and fill out the brief bit of information on our application form . there is no cost or obligation for individuals to be evaluated for inclusion and all applicants will receive a free gift compliments of the international executive guild . http : / / www . executiveguild . com / apply . html my sincere thanks , anthony ingallinella executive director the international executive guild is not affiliated or associated with marquis who 's who
",1
102,"Subject: unlimited cash & millions in your mail
 
 this is not a spamm . this is was sent to someone who share the interest of money making programs . if this reach you by error , please accept my apology . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dear friend , this is one of the great money making program over the net and the only one i have earned money with . the advantage of this program is that all the money directed to your mailing address without intrusion of a third party . for details , just visit http : / / www . freeyellow . com / members2 / wp15 / index . html visit here for $ 10 give away : http : / / www . freeyellow . com / members2 / wp15 / page1 . html my best wishes to you warmest regards ,
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103,"Subject: how 's it going ?
 
 hello friend , my name is carl simmons . in october 1988 , i received this bulletin in the mail . naturally i was skeptical , but i decided to try it because i was heavily in debt at the time . i had everything to gain and nothing to lose . even if this program worked only a fraction of what the example showed , i would be a success ! well , i m adding this note here to tell you it does work ! i will never forget how it happened . i followed the instructions exactly . the total cost was about $ 46 . 00 including postage . i dropped the envelopes off a the post office on my way to work one day in late october hoping to earn a few dollars to buy christmas presents . the recipe i ordered from the person in the # 1 position came in about a week . i did not think much about it after that until a few weeks later when my boss told me my wife had called and i was needed at home immediately due to some emergency . i raced home in a panic , threw the apartment door open , and what a sight i saw ! my wife was standing over a pile of envelopes that the mailman had dumped on the living room floor from two big canvas bags . we spend the rest of the day and most of the night opening and counting 3 , 245 envelopes , each containing $ 2 . 00 and a self-addressed stamped envelope . the next day we received 4 , 274 more . by the time the orders stopped coming in , about two weeks later , i had received $ 92 , 428 . 00 in cash ! ( i wonder what the printer though when i had him print 46 , 000 copies of the recipes in one week ! ) needless to say , i immediately quit my job , paid off al my debts in full and started another mailing . to date my revenues are approaching $ 1 , 000 , 000 . 00 in cold hard cash . believe me , you can do the same thing . this is you lucky break that you have been hoping for all your life . you can make your dreams come true . . . do not pass it up ! the most difficult part was finding a good company to provide responsive names . after trying many name sources , i ran across two companies that provided the best names for this program . their addresses and prices are below : mjg advertising 200 names $ 24 . 00 p . o . box 3009 500 names $ 35 . 00 maple glen , pa 19002 1000 names $ 50 . 00 ( 215 ) 643-1328 2000 names $ 75 . 00 ( 800 ) 880-8143 marnico lists 200 names $ 20 . 00 p . o . box 2046 500 names $ 35 . 00 abington , ma 02351 1000 names $ 60 . 00 request # 3001 2000 names $ 95 . 00 making your fortune is as easy as following these six steps : 1 . send a self addressed stamped envelope and $ 2 . 00 cash wrapped in a sheet of paper specifying which recipe you are ordering by number , to addresses # 1 through # 5 at the end of this bulletin . 2 . order at least 200 names and addresses on labels from the companies mentioned earlier . 3 . while waiting for your labels to arrive , remove the name at the # 1 spot and move each of the names up one position . place your name and address in spot # 5 . move only the names and addresses - not the recipes . this can best be done by retyping the set and pasting the new over the original . 4 . have a local printshop print at least 200 copies of this bulletin . 5 . fold the printed bulletins and place in envelopes , seal and stamp them . 6 . when the labels arrive , place one on each envelope and mail them . now here s the best part - the money you can make ! here is what happens when only 10 % of the people respond to your mailing . you send out at least 200 with your name in position # 5 . 20 people send out at least 200 with your name in position # 4 . 400 people send out at least 200 with your name in position # 3 . 8000 people send out at least 200 with your name in position # 2 . 160000 people send out at least 200 with your name in position # 1 . 168420 x $ 2 . 00 each = $ 336840 in about 60 to 90 days ! ! ! of course you are not limited to mailing only 200 bulletins , or to just one mailing . send out more than 250 or do repeat mailings and you will drastically increase your earnings . when you receive 1 , 000 requests for recipe # 3 , sit back and relax knowing that you re soon going to be a very rich person . yes , this is a perfectly legal mail order marketing plan . if you are in doubt , then refer to title 18 , section 1302 and 1341 of the u . s . postal and lottery laws . a product or service must be exchanged for the money received ; in this case , the product is the recipes . this plan also takes honest work , but the rewards are tremendous . keep a careful account of all money you received and money you spend for income tax purposes . there you have it ! the secret to making thousands for yourself . read this bulletin carefully and then reread it again . think about it , do the math and consider the wealth potential this holds for you . then send $ 2 . 00 cash and a self-addressed stamped envelope today to the addresses in positions # 1 below . go for it , order those recipes today . 1 . chocolate cream pie 2 . pineapple bavarian pudding henry w . frye , sr . harold lookwood 24684 atwood ave . 123 skokorat st . moreno valley , ca 92553 seymour , ct . 06483 3 . chocolate walnut cookies 4 . cheese garlic biscuits vincent myers , jr . dlh enterprises inc . 848 n . rainbow , # 351 p . o . box 5854 las vegas , nv 89107 san jose , ca 95150 5 . magic cookies bar acw enterprises p . o . box 3004-332 corvallis , or 97333 i tried a similar program in which the cost was $ 5 . 00 . in that one , the response was only about 3 % . the first time i sent out this recipe program a got my first responses in just one week . i sent out 250 letters instead of just 100 so my percentage of gains was higher . i am trying again with 500 letters to see if i can surpass the $ 141 , 236 . 00 of the last time . good luck to all of you . it really works ! ! ! sally freisch , st louis , il
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104,"Subject: affordable family dental care
 
 with over 30 , 000 dentists nationwide we ' ll have one near you . for about $ 10 . 00 a month your family will save an average of 30-80 % on all dental procedures . includes : * routine cleaning and polishing , fillings , root canals , crowns , dentures , braces . * new sealants to prevent cavities . * cosmetic dentistry such as teeth whitening and veneers . * no paperwork , all pre-existing dental problems qualify with no waiting periods * toll - free doctor locator number . for further details please call 1-800 - 463-6021 please refer to id code - - - jj0521 p . s . call in for details before may 28th and with your dental plan receive the optical plan free ! thank you .
",1
105,"Subject: the time for financial freedom is now ! !
 
 abc super re-qualifier associated benefit consultants dear fellow entrepreneur , this letter is an urgent attempt to reach you ! we would like to hear from you within the next 24 to 48 hrs . hopefully , this has reached you at an opportune time for your immediate reply ! your attention is needed today as your new income can start in as little as 4 to 7 days from now ! we want you to hear first-hand about an exciting breakthrough in money-making opportunities . the abc super re - qualifier . this is the fast , simple and most powerful money-maker you have hoped to discover ! research has shown that a person 's potential for success increases by 80 % when receiving personalized instruction . we invite you to become involved in this easy , but ingenious program that involves personal instruction from our hand-picked organization members . each has the professional skill and expertise to personally guide you to your financial freedom . you can immediately utilize an existing program that accomplishes the following : 1 . generates pre-qualified prospects and send them to you . 2 . team support - live interactive conference calls 3 . 7 . 9 cpm long distance and virtual office . 4 . stocks and ships the product directly to your customers doors . 5 . pays you daily by overnight airborne express to your front door . 6 . permits you the realistic opportunity to earn $ 24 , 000 + per month ! 7 . produce new income on a spare time , part time or full time basis . you know what wealth has always been attained by the select few who were the first to take advantage of a new and powerful opportunity . that opportunity is here . . . . . it is the abc super re - qualifier ! the time for your financial freedom is now ! ! you must , however , be very serious and sincere about earning the income this program offers . for this reason , we have instructed our organization to devote time only to those who are genuine about improving their financial situation . are you seriously looking for a real program that produces large revenues ? if so , we urge you to call our office at the 24 hr - toll free number . 1-800 - 539-5648 leave us a message and we will be notified of your response . we will promptly return your call with all the information you will need to get you on your way to making an additional income yet this week ! remember . . . . . timing is everything ! ! to your success , john , cheryl , stephanie , bill , richard , judy & debra abc marketing team98 1-800 - 539-5648 "" this is the program others try to copy . i highly recommend abc "" - paul barron , ca "" i ' ve never seen such a fast and simple way to make a large income "" - alan louis , tx "" abc is the perfect home-based business , and the money is great "" - andrew kerr , ca "" at last a real program . with fast money . . . thanks abc - s . herman , tx "" i gave up on mlm , abc made me a believer again , within 2 weeks i have made $ 1 , 600 "" - c . s
",1
106,"Subject: hi !
 
 this is a multi-part message in mime format . - - part0 _ 895780918 _ boundary content - id : content - type : text / plain ; charset = us-ascii - - part0 _ 895780918 _ boundary content - id : content - type : message / rfc822 content - transfer-encoding : 7bit content - disposition : inline from : hackevin return - path : to : hackevin @ aol . com subject : hi ! date : thu , 21 may 1998 11 : 34 : 50 edt organization : aol ( http : / / www . aol . com ) mime - version : 1 . 0 content - type : text / plain ; charset = us-ascii content - transfer-encoding : 7bit so much porn and so little time ! ! ! click here now ! ! ! and if you are gay click here now ! ! ! - - part0 _ 895780918 _ boundary - -
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107,"Subject: the ultimate free xxx experience ! !
 
 this is a multi-part message in mime format . - - part0 _ 895794301 _ boundary content - id : content - type : text / plain ; charset = us-ascii - - part0 _ 895794301 _ boundary content - id : content - type : message / rfc822 content - transfer-encoding : 7bit content - disposition : inline from : mad kevin return - path : to : madkevin @ aol . com subject : the ultimate free xxx experience ! ! date : thu , 21 may 1998 19 : 38 : 18 edt organization : aol ( http : / / www . aol . com ) mime - version : 1 . 0 content - type : text / plain ; charset = us-ascii content - transfer-encoding : 7bit click here now ! ! ! - - part0 _ 895794301 _ boundary - -
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108,"Subject: your complete internet business source
 
 remove instructions below . all remove requests are respectfully processed immediately . i . m . c . internet marketing consultants is your complete internet business resource company no other company offers you a more complete selection of internet business software ! visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc we wholesale all internet business software programs we have the best prices available we will not be undersold ! and we guarantee it ! the cutting edge of internet business technology bulk e-mail software : express mail server - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 275 stealth mass mailer - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 195 extractor pro 98 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 395 extractor lite - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 99 extractor pro 98 upgrade - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 199 net contact v6 . 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 395 net contact upgrade - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 149 mach-10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 395 direct mail - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 395 stealth v3 . 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 195 stealth v4 . 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 395 e - mail address collection software : webcollector - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 295 sonic - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 295 geo - list - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 295 gold disk targeter - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 389 gold disk infinity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 389 e - mail @ dress locator - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 395 e - mail @ dress locator w / 98 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 295 address online collector - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 99 web weasel v3 . 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 199 advanced web site software : web position analyzer professional - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 279 web position analyzer standard - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 99 website caller id - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 75 world launch - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 49 world launch pro - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 99 e - mail lists : we also have 60 million brand new e-mail addresses and an excellent "" remove list "" service available for - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 99 . custom lists available call today ! many more programs to choose from ! visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc imc are authorized software dealers all fully licensed software all 100 % legal / no pirate copies you download free demos from our full service web sites complete with step by step instructional tutorials ! you will not find these programs anywhere for less we will beat or match any prices of legal edition software ! call i . m . c . today ( 808 ) 876-1550 or fax your order request to : ( 808 ) 878-6869 ( include your name , phone number , e-mail address ) visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc we carry all software available on earth and we will not be undersold ! join the : i . m . c . software program for only $ 49 . 00 plus s&h and save 80 % to 95 % on all software both p . c . and mac versions available for free brochure call or fax your : ( 1 ) name ( 2 ) postal address ( 3 ) e-mail address ( 4 ) phone number to : i . m . c . phone : ( 808 ) 876-1550 fax : ( 808 ) 878-6869 or mail your info request to : imc attn . software program dept . p . o . box 809 kula , hi . 96790 we accept all major credit cards : visa * master card * american express * discover card we can also accept checks by fax ! simply fax your check to : 808-878 - 6869 so do n't hesitate , call today this offer is for a limited time only ! call i . m . c at : phone : ( 808 ) 876-1550 fax : ( 808 ) 878-6869 visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc place your order today while supplies last and we ' ll be happy to send you a demo copy and answer any questions you may have . or call us and we will give you our full service web site addresses remove instructions : to be removed from our mailing list or to be added to our "" global remove list "" and to be removed from many other mailing lists as well , simply go to : http : / / www . ctct . com all remove requests are respectfully processed immediately
",1
109,"Subject: re : ems the best software at the best $
 
 remove instructions below . all remove requests are respectfully immediately the cutting edge of e-mail technology : "" express mail server "" from imc for only $ 275 for a limited time only ! this is the best of all e-mail programs , we know we have tried them all . if your reading this message , that only proves it works you will not find it anywhere for less you can download a demo for free from our full service web site , complete with step by step instructional tutorial ! visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc ( if you can't log into the site just call us , sometime the site is overloaded with hits ) try before you buy ! we know you will love it ! it 's a bulk e-mailers dream come true , at last ! the same software goes for $ 695 . 00 ! you can also get it for $ 495 . 00 from l . s . enterprises you can call : 808-876 - 1550 and get more information or order a copy today for $ 275 ( for a limited time only ) . or fax your order / info request to : ( 808 ) 878-6869 ( include your name , phone number , e-mail address ) visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc ( if you can't log into the site just call us , sometime the site is overloaded with hits ) we also have 60 million e-mail addresses and an excellent "" remove list "" service available for only $ 99 . we accept all major credit cards : visa * master card * american express * discover card we can also accept checks by fax ! simply fax your check to : 808-878 - 6869 so do n't hesitate , call today this offer is for a limited time only ! what is express mail server ? express mail server ( ems ) bulk e-mail software is the only thing that works . ems transforms your computer into a personal mail server . with no additional hardware , ems software will give you complete control of your mailings , because the mail you send will originate from your computer and be delivered directly into the mailbox of your recipient . since the mail originates from your computer , it is no longer necessary to use your internet service provider 's mail server . when you use the previous generation stealth or cloaking type programs , they work by uploading your mail to your provider 's mail server . they can also be programmed to send mail through other providers mail servers without authorization ( this is considered theft of service ) . the problem is , the previous generation stealth type programs upload the messages faster than these mail servers can process them . many times this causes a provider 's mail server to bog down and crash . obviously , this will make providers furious with you . furthermore , you may think that you are sending hundreds of thousands of messages , unfortunately , most of it simply gets filtered and deleted by the mail server . you are lucky to get 10 % - 20 % of that mail delivered . with ems software your computer emulates a mail server and you actually control and watch all your mail being delivered piece by piece . there is a 100 % delivery rate with this program anywhere on the internet . we did say 100 % delivery rate to any internet email addresses . a bold claim but it is true . this is the latest technical advance in bulk email since the advent of the stealth type programs . this program verifies domains and validity of email addresses before sending mail . this dramatically reduces your bounced back undeliverables . bounced back undeliverables can sure bog down a server . you can also control where you want any bounced back mail to go . it can go to any email address you want with ems . ems can work with any dial up internet account , ( aol is not considered a dial up internet account ) an isdn line or a t - 1 or t - 3 . it runs on windows 95 or nt . we have not heard of any person losing a dial up account with this software . one reason bulk email is so frowned upon with numerous isp 's ( internet service providers ) is people try to send as much mail as they can , as quick as they can and crash the mail server of the isp . this won't happen with ems software since you do n't since you do n't use the mail server of the isp to send your mail . the program actually sends the mail directly from your computer , which is now , a bona fide mail server , to the recipients mail server avoiding any potential blocks that would prevent you from reaching those on your mailing list . you do not have to "" forge "" headers or randomize anything to have 100 % of your mail delivered , although the program does allow for randomization and customizing of headers . you can send mail omitting the "" to "" "" from "" and "" reply to "" portions of your headers . want to send out your messages in color . this is not a problem with ems . just select a font color with your mouse , and then click on a background color as well . want to make your font bold or put it into italics , just point and click . want your message centered or shifted left or right , once again just point and click . unlike all of the others , ( which are all the same , but go by different names ) this software is very straightforward and easy to use . if you can log on to aol , you already know more about computers than you 'd need to use ems . we also provide technical support by phone to answer any questions you may have . ems works with any windows 95 or nt computer . it requires no additional hardware or software . the ems software sends at speeds up to 80 , 000 messages per hour delivered using a modest pentium and a 28 . 8 modem . rates will dramatically increase with an isdn or cable modem and of course with a t - 1 they will be even faster . if you want to take advantage of this breakthrough in bulk email technology give us a call on the number below . we do n't plan on repeat mailings for this product so take advantage of this opportunity . the cost to you is $ 275 . 00 ! money well spent if you consider that you can buy stealth ( or the many others like it . . . they all operate the same way ) for $ 400 . you might be happy with stealth if you do n't mind frequent loss of dial-up accounts , and lot of complaints . not getting a lot of your mail delivered due to blocks and crashed mail servers deleting your mail , along with the resulting low response rate from your mailings , all of which defeated the purpose of e-mailing in the first place ! few people are aware of this new technology , so you are already leaps and bounds ahead of any competition . using this , you can sell anything you wish , over and over . also , consider that you may decide to offer a mailing service to others . you ' ve probably gotten e-mails that claim they can send your advertisement e-mail for a cost of $ 200 per 100 , 000 . what most people do n't realize is that only 20 or 30 of the mail they pay these people to get sent actually gets delivered ! this mailing service is very profitable , and using this software , you can advertise that service to millions for free ! we also have cd roms with 60 million addresses to help you start . with your purchase , visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc ( if you can't log into the site just call us , sometime the site is overloaded with hits ) call i . m . c at : phone : ( 808 ) 876-1550 fax : ( 808 ) 878-6869 and place your order today while supplies last and we ' ll be happy to send you a demo copy and answer any questions you may have . or call us and we will give you our full service web site addresses to be removed from our mailing list or to be added to our "" global remove list "" simply go to : http : / / www . ctct . com all remove requests are respectfully immediately
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110,"Subject: help make the world a better place !
 
 dear investor , it 's quite obvious we ' re more powerful in numbers than alone , we can stamp out problems we are faced with day in day out but we make no attempt and if any very little to help irradicate a . i . d . s , famin , the homeless , cancer , child abuse , victims of rape and incest , violence and corruption world wide and do n't forget the environment ( it 's a total disaster ) . panamanian offshore banks require as little as $ 1 000 000 . 00 usd in paid in capital to qualify for bank registration . your $ 1 000 . 00 usd investment or more can lead you to an unlimited return . here 's some mathematical logistics you take 1000 people together each investing $ 1 000 . 00 usd that makes $ 1 000 000 . 00 usd . we go to panama and register for public listing so all our shareholders can each get 1000 shares each at $ 1 . 00 per share , if all goes well and the securities commission accepts the public listing , we go to step 2 . step 2 . we go to the banking commission and apply for a bank license and upon approval , you ' ve got your bank owned by 1000 shareholders each holding 1000 shares and can be traded freely and we can apply for a listing on the panamanian stock exchange or any other exchange therafter . let 's look at the example below to see how power can be in numbers . the minimal interest paid out for example sake is 12 % anually on $ 1 000 000 . 00 that gives a return of is $ 120 000 . 00 usd . now let 's go back to reality if you take $ 1 000 . 00 usd and if your lucky your bank will give you at most a 4 % annual interest rate , that gives you a return of $ 40 . 00 usd . now let 's recap , we have 1000 shareholders who invested $ 1 000 . 00 usd each and at the end of a year each shareholders shares have made a substantial return , the exact return for this example is the return on $ 1 000 000 . 00 usd at 12 % annual interest which is $ 120 000 . 00 usd divided by 1000 shareholders = $ 120 . 00 and each of your shares has just incresed by 0 . 12 , $ 120 . 00 divided by 1000 shares = 0 . 12 cents . you ' ve gained 3 times the return compared to the return your bank would have given you after a year . now this is a very bad example because banks deal with daily currency trades , bankers acceptances , treasury bills , government bonds , gics , stocks , mutual funds , credit and debit / check cards , loans , lines of credit , mortgages and daily transaction fees . but the example above gives you a clear picture that alone you do not have the potential that a mere 1000 people have and with a group you see that your profit potential is much greater because your total capital is much greater and gives you more opportunities and greater flexibility . with banks making record profits of $ 800 000 000 - $ 1 . 5 billion and over a year and with unjustified service charges . we would like to present a new way of battling this service charge frenzy and to contribute back to the community by helping any one of our list of charitable organisations or one of your choice . below is a brief description of our investment objective . our bank will concentrate on the usage of the internet to reduce overhead as well as have the upmost personal touch for commercial , personal and private banking . our sevice charges , which will be few , will be unbeatable . you do n't have to maintain a fixed minimum balance , no costly wire transfer fees . no balance inquiry atm fees and no withdrawal fees . check processing fees will be low as well as many other fees , if any . we also will select a group of charities in which 5 - 8 % of our profits will go to , if you have a charity in mind please e-mail the charitys home page url or send documentation by mail to the address below . debit card facilities as well as checking accounts will be available for quick easy access to clients cashflow . panama has also been infamous for their banking secrecy , they have 116 different banks and are subjected to strict secrecy laws , so for whatever reason you might have for keeping your assets confidential , banking in panama can definitely cater to your needs . please print and fill out the contract below , also enclose your contact informations and e-mail address on a blank piece of paper . make all checks payable to "" investnet "" and mail to the address below . for large investments we can arrange for an interest bearing investment deposit while we are completing the investment objective . we are also accepting investments below $ 1 000 . 00 usd . in the event the objective to bring together $ 1 000 000 . 00 usd for the investment project , if our attempt to register a bank in panama fails , as is stated in the contract certain funds will be totally refunded and you will be frequently notified of the status of the investment via e-mail . we also specialize in offshore banking and private trusts , please feel free to write us with your requirements at the address below . power is in numbers , let 's get together and make the difference ! yours sincerely , mr . eric wilhem administrator investnet 116 west service road # 130 champlain , ny 12919 this contract binds you "" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ "" and "" investnet corp . "" in agreement to the following articles . 1 . that any investment deposit made by yourself or on behalf of another person or corporation , trust fund , insurance company or investment club , will be kept in escrow for the investment objective in question . 2a . investnet corp will inform you on a regular basis via e-mail on the status of the investment objective at hand . b . investnet corp will also inform you on completion of the investment objective and your future status as a shareholder upon completion and approval by the required bodies concerning this investment type . c . the investment in question and its ' type being in a short description "" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ "" . 3a . the total time period for the investment objective shall not exceed 3 years from this contract date and in the event the investment objective is not reached you shall be notified of the administrators decision to terminate and liquidate funds at his discretion and not exceeding one year from the notification date . b . any investment below $ 101 . 00 usd will not be returned if the investment objective is not completed but will be donated to a charity of our choice . c . any investment above $ 100 . 00 usd will be returned when the ruling administrator has given notification for termination of the investment objective and liquidation of funds . 4 . any seperate agreement with "" investnet corp . "" shall no longer bind investnet and the party in question as of the date of the new agreement . "" interest bearing deposits "" 5a . "" investnet corp . "" will pay upon liquidation the interest accrued by the particular investment , unless otherwise agreed . b . the interest rate to which "" investnet corp "" agrees to pay on fluctuating investment instruments will be paid out accordingly and follow the market in question . 6 . any interest bearing investment deposit shall be converted to the appropriate amount of shares deemed by investnet upon finalisation of the public offering , and delivery shall commence therafter . dated : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sole or joint signature ( s ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ "" investnet corp . ( acting administrator ) investment interest bearing deposit schedule any investment of $ 10 000 . 00 usd + will be given special consideration . * note : this is an annual rate . 100-3000 3 . 5 % 3000-5000 4 . 5 % 5000-25000 5 . 5 ( special rate for your first 5000-25000 ) 25000 + 4 . 5 investnet corp . 116 west service road # 130 champlain , ny 12919
",1
111,"Subject: web promotion spider
 
 web promote spider with well over 80 million documents on the web today , getting your site noticed is a difficult process . going to each search engine , link page , directory , and newsgroup to manually submit your page could realistically take weeks to complete . announcing the web promote spider ! created specifically to meet the needs of those who want their web pages to get noticed and placed in the top of the search engines ! the spider automates the process of submitting your site and uses powerful technology to get your site listed in the top positions . we ' ve developed the web promote spider for windows 95 and nt . this amazing program automatically submits your site to over 250 ( the list grows daily ) major search engines and directories ! plus , the web promote spider has an expert html reader system inside . it will change certain contents of your html text and automatically prepare needed information for online registration in search engines to optimize your pages and get them listed on top . originally engineered for use by the professional advertising industry , this program is easy and intuitive to use . beginners will be amazed at how simple it is to take complete control over their search engines and index marketing efforts . the web promote spider is an industrial strength marketing tool and an extremely valuable part of any publicity campaign . with this kind of power , it should come as no surprise that many of our customers have even built profitable on-line promotional businesses with this product and their existing internet connection ! with your payment of only $ 49 . 95 ( standard version ) you will receive the current web promotion spider program . also , you can have all the new upgrades free . each upgrade will have a list of new internet search engines / online directories and , of course , new features . plus , you get free upgrades which come out twice a month with new features and new search engines . register now and you ' ll continue to get our upgrades , which keep the program up-to - date and getting better and better ! now submitting to 250 + search engines , free . we are proud to announce that we now have two powerful versions of the web promote spider , our standard version and our brand new pro version . our standard version is designed for those individuals who have one or two sites that they want to be able to submit , and want to see dramatic increases in their sites visibility . our pro version is designed for isp 's , webmasters , hosting providers , and anyone who has multiple sites they need to promote thoroughly . while the standard version does track all registration campaigns for you , it can still be somewhat time intensive if you register several sites at once , or on a regular basis . you can see why the web promote spider is taking the net by storm ! professional version while the standard version of this product seems to meet the promotional needs of most of our customers , we also recognize the need for an ' industrial strength ' version of web promote spider . the professional version is designed for isp 's , webmasters , hosting providers , and anyone who has multiple sites they need to promote thoroughly . while the standard version tracks all registration campaigns for you , it can still be time intensive if you have to register several sites at once . to make this easier and more efficient for our customers , we have added several new features to the brand new professional version : deep promotion - this feature will automatically explore every internal link in your site , and develop registration information for each page for you automatically . for instance , in the standard version , if you have a 30 page site , you would have to run web promote spider thirty times , manually inputting each page into the registration queue . in the professional version , this is all automatic , and can be done in a matter of minutes . batch processing - if you are responsible for registering or maintaining several sites , you will find this feature particularly useful . you can load in multiple sites , and set the program to run all the sites at once , generating and saving a separate registration report on each . this report can easily be copied to the windows clipboard for pasting into reports , email , etc . expanded promotion resources - while the standard version of the spider will submit to 250 registration resources this list will continue to grow but not as quickly as what 's being planned on the professional version . the pro version currently has 400 and will soon have at least 1 , 000 automatic registration options / resources . if you ' re a previous owner of the standard version , the cost is only $ 49 . 95 to upgrade ! if you ' re a first time user and would like to start using the pro version right away , the cost is $ 99 . 90 . for more info please visit our web site at : http : / / www . gaura . com / software / sys . htm to order order by fax visa or mastercard fax : ( 425 ) 379-9722 we will give you the address to download the program or for an extra $ 10 . 00 we ' ll send your the program on cd - rom name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ home phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ work phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ standard version $ 49 . 95 _ _ pro version $ 99 . 90 _ _ upgrade $ 49 . 95 ( from standard to pro , if you already have the standard version ) _ _ _ send cd - rom $ 10 . 00 _ _ _ provide download address . . no charge _ _ _ _ _ total visa _ _ _ mastercard _ _ _ _ account number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i understand that all sales are final . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",1
112,"Subject: re : ems simply the best for the best $
 
 remove instructions below . all remove requests are respectfully immediately the cutting edge of e-mail technology : "" express mail server "" from imc for only $ 275 for a limited time only ! this is the best of all e-mail programs , we know we have tried them all . if your reading this message , that only proves it works you will not find it anywhere for less you can download a demo for free from our full service web site , complete with step by step instructional tutorial ! visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc try before you buy ! we know you will love it ! it 's a bulk e-mailers dream come true , at last ! the same software goes for $ 695 . 00 ! you can also get it for $ 495 . 00 from l . s . enterprises you can call : 808-876 - 1550 and get more information or order a copy today for $ 275 ( for a limited time only ) . or fax your order / info request to : ( 808 ) 878-6869 ( include your name , phone number , e-mail address ) visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc we also have 60 million e-mail addresses and an excellent "" remove list "" service available for only $ 99 . we accept all major credit cards : visa * master card * american express * discover card we can also accept checks by fax ! simply fax your check to : 808-878 - 6869 so do n't hesitate , call today this offer is for a limited time only ! what is express mail server ? express mail server ( ems ) bulk e-mail software is the only thing that works . ems transforms your computer into a personal mail server . with no additional hardware , ems software will give you complete control of your mailings , because the mail you send will originate from your computer and be delivered directly into the mailbox of your recipient . since the mail originates from your computer , it is no longer necessary to use your internet service provider 's mail server . when you use the previous generation stealth or cloaking type programs , they work by uploading your mail to your provider 's mail server . they can also be programmed to send mail through other providers mail servers without authorization ( this is considered theft of service ) . the problem is , the previous generation stealth type programs upload the messages faster than these mail servers can process them . many times this causes a provider 's mail server to bog down and crash . obviously , this will make providers furious with you . furthermore , you may think that you are sending hundreds of thousands of messages , unfortunately , most of it simply gets filtered and deleted by the mail server . you are lucky to get 10 % - 20 % of that mail delivered . with ems software your computer emulates a mail server and you actually control and watch all your mail being delivered piece by piece . there is a 100 % delivery rate with this program anywhere on the internet . we did say 100 % delivery rate to any internet email addresses . a bold claim but it is true . this is the latest technical advance in bulk email since the advent of the stealth type programs . this program verifies domains and validity of email addresses before sending mail . this dramatically reduces your bounced back undeliverables . bounced back undeliverables can sure bog down a server . you can also control where you want any bounced back mail to go . it can go to any email address you want with ems . ems can work with any dial up internet account , ( aol is not considered a dial up internet account ) an isdn line or a t - 1 or t - 3 . it runs on windows 95 or nt . we have not heard of any person losing a dial up account with this software . one reason bulk email is so frowned upon with numerous isp 's ( internet service providers ) is people try to send as much mail as they can , as quick as they can and crash the mail server of the isp . this won't happen with ems software since you do n't since you do n't use the mail server of the isp to send your mail . the program actually sends the mail directly from your computer , which is now , a bona fide mail server , to the recipients mail server avoiding any potential blocks that would prevent you from reaching those on your mailing list . you do not have to "" forge "" headers or randomize anything to have 100 % of your mail delivered , although the program does allow for randomization and customizing of headers . you can send mail omitting the "" to "" "" from "" and "" reply to "" portions of your headers . want to send out your messages in color . this is not a problem with ems . just select a font color with your mouse , and then click on a background color as well . want to make your font bold or put it into italics , just point and click . want your message centered or shifted left or right , once again just point and click . unlike all of the others , ( which are all the same , but go by different names ) this software is very straightforward and easy to use . if you can log on to aol , you already know more about computers than you 'd need to use ems . we also provide technical support by phone to answer any questions you may have . ems works with any windows 95 or nt computer . it requires no additional hardware or software . the ems software sends at speeds up to 80 , 000 messages per hour delivered using a modest pentium and a 28 . 8 modem . rates will dramatically increase with an isdn or cable modem and of course with a t - 1 they will be even faster . if you want to take advantage of this breakthrough in bulk email technology give us a call on the number below . we do n't plan on repeat mailings for this product so take advantage of this opportunity . the cost to you is $ 275 . 00 ! money well spent if you consider that you can buy stealth ( or the many others like it . . . they all operate the same way ) for $ 400 . you might be happy with stealth if you do n't mind frequent loss of dial-up accounts , and lot of complaints . not getting a lot of your mail delivered due to blocks and crashed mail servers deleting your mail , along with the resulting low response rate from your mailings , all of which defeated the purpose of e-mailing in the first place ! few people are aware of this new technology , so you are already leaps and bounds ahead of any competition . using this , you can sell anything you wish , over and over . also , consider that you may decide to offer a mailing service to others . you ' ve probably gotten e-mails that claim they can send your advertisement e-mail for a cost of $ 200 per 100 , 000 . what most people do n't realize is that only 20 or 30 of the mail they pay these people to get sent actually gets delivered ! this mailing service is very profitable , and using this software , you can advertise that service to millions for free ! we also have cd roms with 60 million addresses to help you start . with your purchase , visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc call i . m . c at : phone : ( 808 ) 876-1550 fax : ( 808 ) 878-6869 and place your order today while supplies last and we ' ll be happy to send you a demo copy and answer any questions you may have . or call us and we will give you our full service web site addresses to be removed from our mailing list or to be added to our "" global remove list "" simply go to : http : / / www . ctct . com all remove requests are respectfully immediately
",1
113,"Subject: a great business opportunity just for you !
 
 hello ! about two months ago i received it again and , because of the catchy subject line , i finally read it . afterwards , i thought , "" ok , i give in , i ' m going to try this . i can certainly afford to invest $ 20 and , on the other hand , there 's nothing wrong with creating a little excess cash . "" i promptly mailed four $ 5 bills and , after receiving the reports , paid a friend of mine a small fee to send out some e-mail advertisements for me . after reading the reports , i also learned how easy it is to bulk e-mail for free ! i was not prepared for the results . every day for the last six weeks , my p . o . box has been overflowing with $ 5 bills ; many days the excess fills up an extra mail bin and i ' ve had to upgrade to the corporate-size box ! i am stunned by all the money that keeps rolling in ! my husband and i have been saving for several years to make a substantial downpayment on a house . now , not only are we purchasing a house with 40 % down , we ' re going to venice , italy to celebrate ! i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be prepared to eventually set aside about an hour each day to follow up ( and count your money ! ) , you will make at least as much money as we did . if you can open an envelope , remove the money , and send an e-mail message , then you ' re on your way to the bank . take the time to read this so you ' ll understand how easy it is . if i can do this , so can you ! = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = * * * print this now for future reference * * * the following income opportunity is one you may be interested in taking a look at . it can be started with very little investmentand the income return is tremendous ! ! ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ you are about to make at least $ 50 , 000 in less than 90 days ! please read the enclosed program . . . then read it again ! ! ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legitimate , legal , money making opportunity . it does not require you to come into contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house except to get the mail . if you believe that someday you ' ll get that big break that you ' ve been waiting for , this is it ! simply follow the instructions , and your dream will come true . this multi-level e-mail order marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time . e - mail is the sales tool of the future . take advantage of this non-commercialized method of advertising now ! ! ! the longer you wait , the more people will be doing business using e-mail . get your piece of this action ! ! ! multi-level marketing ( mlm ) has finally gained respectability . it is being taught in the harvard business school , and both stanford research and the wall street journal have stated that between 50 % and 65 % of all goods and services will be sold through multi-level methods by the mid to late 1990 's . this is a multi - billion dollar industry and of the 500 , 000 millionaires in the u . s . , 20 % ( 100 , 000 ) made their fortune in the last several years in mlm . moreover , statistics show 45 people become millionaires everyday through multi - level marketing . the enclosed information is something i almost let slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . my name is christopher erickson . two years ago , the corporation i worked at for the past twelve years down-sized and my position was eliminated . after unproductive job interviews , i decided to open my own business . over the past year , i incured many unforeseen financial problems . i owed my family , friends and creditors over $ 35 , 000 . the economy was taking a toll on my business and i just could n't seem to make ends meet . i had to refinance and borrow against my home to support my family and struggling business . at that moment something significant happend in my life and i am writing to share the experience in hopes that this will change your life forever financially ! ! ! in mid december , i received this program via e-mail . six month 's prior to receiving this program i had been sending away for information on various business opportunities . all of the programs i received , in my opinion , were not cost effective . they were either too difficult for me to comprehend or the initial investment was too much for me to risk to see if they would work or not . one claimed that i would make a million dollars in one year . . . it did n't tell me i 'd have to write a book to make it ! but like i was saying , in december of 1995 i received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off a mailing list . thank goodness for that ! ! ! after reading it several times , to make sure i was reading it correctly , i could n't believe my eyes . here was a money making phenomenon . i could invest as much as i wanted to start , without putting me further into debt . after i got a pencil and paper and figured it out , i would at least get my money back . after determining the program was legal and not a chain letter , i decided "" why not . "" initially i sent out 10 , 000 e-mails . it cost me about $ 15 . 00 for my time on-line . the great thing about e-mail is that i do n't need any money for printing to send out the program , only the cost to fulfill my orders . i am telling you like it is , i hope it does n't turn you off , but i promised myself that i would not "" rip-off "" anyone , no matter how much money it cost me ! in less than one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by january 13 , i had received 26 orders for report # 1 . when you read the guarantee in the program , you will see that "" you must receive 15-20 orders for report # 1 within 2 weeks . if you don ' t , send out more programs until you do ! "" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in 20-90 days was done . by january 30 , i had received 196 orders for report # 2 . if you go back to the guarantee , "" you must receive 100 + orders for report # 2 within 2 weeks . if not , send out more programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goal "" well , i had 196 orders for report # 2 , 96 more than i needed . so i sat back and relaxed . by march 19 , of my e-mailing of 10 , 000 , i received $ 58 , 000 with more coming in every day . i paid off all my debts and bought a much needed new car . please take time to read the attatched program , it will change your life forever ! ! ! remember , it won't work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place . it won't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! report # 2 explains this . always follow the guarantee , 15-20 orders for report # 1 , and 100 + orders for report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or more in 20-90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i am sorry . it really is a great opportunity with little cost or risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to financial security . if you are a fellow business owner and are if financial trouble like i was , or you want to start your own business , consider this a sign . i did ! sincerely , christopher erickson p . s . do you have any idea what 11 , 700 $ 5 bills ( $ 58 , 000 ) look like piled up on a kitchen table ? it ' s awesome ! a personal note from the orginator of this program : by the time you have read the enclosed program and reports , you should have concluded that such a program , and one that is legal , could not have been created by an amateur . let me tell you a little about myself . i had a profitable business for 10 years . then in 1979 my business began falling off . i was doing the same things that were previously successfull for me , but it was n't working . finally , i figured it out . it was n't me , it was the economy . inflation and recession had replaced the stable economy that had been with us since 1945 . i do n't have to tell you what happend to the unemployment rate . . . because many of you know from first hand experience . there were more failures and bankruptcies than ever before . the middle class was vanishing . those who knew what they were doing invested wisely and moved up . those who did not , including those who never had anything to save or invest , were moving down into the ranks of the poor . as the saying goes , "" the rich get richer and the poor get poorer . "" the traditional methods of making money will never allow you to "" move up "" or "" get rich "" , inflation will see to that . you have just received information that can give you financial freedom for the rest of your life , with "" no risk "" and "" just a little bit of effort . "" you can make more money in the next few months than you have ever imagined . i should also point out that i will not see a penny of this money , nor anyone else who has provided a testimonial for this program . i have already made over 4 million dollars ! i have retired from the program after sending out over 16 , 000 programs . now i have several offices that make this and several other programs here and over seas . by the spring we wish to market the "" internet "" by a partnership with america on line . follow the program exactly as instructed . do not change it in any way . it works exceedingly well as it is now . remember to e-mail a copy of this exciting report to everyone you can think of . one of the people you send this to may send out 50 , 000 . . . and your name will be on everyone of them ! remember though , the more you send out the more potential customers you will reach . so my friend , i have given you the ideas , information , materials and opportunity to become financially independent , it is up to you now ! "" think about it "" before you delete this program from your mailbox , as i almost did , take a little time to read it and really think about it . get a pencil and figure out what could happen when you participate . figure out the worst possible response and no matter how you calculate it , you will still make a lot of money ! you will definitely get back what you invested . any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . it works ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc here ' s how this amazing program will make you $ $ $ $ $ let 's say that you decide to start small , just to see how it goes , and we ' ll assume you and all those involved send out only 2 , 000 programs each . let 's also assume that the mailing receives a 0 . 5 % response . using a good list the response could be much better . also many people will send out hundreds of thousands of programs instead of 2 , 000 . but continuing with this example , you send out only 2 , 000 programs . with a 0 . 5 % response , that is only 10 orders for report # 1 . those 10 people respond by sending out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 20 , 000 . out of those 0 . 5 % , 100 people respond and order report # 2 . those 100 mail out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 200 , 000 . the 0 . 5 % response to that is 1 , 000 orders for report # 3 . those 1 , 000 send out 2 , 000 programs each for a 2 , 000 , 000 total . the 0 . 5 % response to that is 10 , 000 orders for report # 4 . that 's 10 , 000 $ 5 bills for you . cash ! ! ! your total income in this example is $ 50 + $ 500 + $ 5 , 000 + $ 50 , 000 for a total of $ 55 , 550 ! ! ! remember friend , this is assuming 1 , 990 out of the 2 , 000 people you mail to will do absolutely nothing and trash this program ! dare to think for a moment what would happen if everyone , or half sent out 100 , 000 programs instead of 2 , 000 . believe me , many people will do just that , and more ! by the way , your cost to participate in this is practically nothing . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 3 will show you the best methods for bulk e-mailing and obtaining e-mail lists . instructions : we at erris mail order marketing businesses , have a method of raising capital that really works 100 % everytime . i am sure that you could use $ 50 , 000 to $ 125 , 000 in the next 20-90 days . before you say "" bull . . . "" , please read this program carefully . this is not a chain letter , but a perfectly legal money making opportunity . basically , this is what you do : as with all multi-level business , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the usa allows you to recruit new multi-level business partners , and we offer a product for every dollar sent . your orders come and are filled through the mail , so you are not involved in personal selling . you do it privately in your own home , store or office . this is the greatest multi - level mail order marketing anywhere : step ( 1 ) order all four ( 4 ) reports listed by name and number . do this by ordering the report from each of the four ( 4 ) names listed on the next page . for each report , send $ 5 cash and a self-addressed stamped envelope ( business size # 10 ) to the person listed for the specific report . international orders should also include $ 1 extra for postage . it is essential that you specify the name and number of the report requested to the person you are ordering it from . you will need all four ( 4 ) reports because you will be reprinting and reselling them . do not alter the names or sequence other than what the instructions say . important : always provide same-day service on all orders . step ( 2 ) replace the name and address under report # 1 with your 's , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . drop the name and address under report # 2 to report # 3 , moving the one that was there to report # 4 . the name and the address that was under report # 4 is dropped from the list and this party is no doubt on the way to the bank . when doing this , make certain you type the names and addresses accurately ! ! ! do not mix up moving product / report positions ! ! ! step ( 3 ) having made the requested changes in the name list , save it as text ( . txt ) file in it 's own directory to be used with whatever e-mail program you like . again , report # 3 will tell you the best methods of bulk e-mailing and acquiring e-mail lists . step ( 4 ) e - mail a copy of the entire program ( all of this is very important ) to everyone whose address you can get your hands on . start with friends and relatives since you can encourage them to take advantage of this fabulous money-making opportunity . that 's what i did . and they love me now , more than ever . then , e-mail to anyone and everyone ! use your imagination ! you can get e-mail addresses from companies on the internet who specialize in e-mail mailing lists . these are very cheap , 100 , 000 addresses for around $ 35 . important : you won't get a good response if you use an old list , so always request a fresh , new list . you will find out where to purchase these lists when you order the four ( 4 ) reports . always provide same-day service on all orders ! ! ! required reports : * * * order each report by number and name * * * always send a self-addressed , stamped envelope and $ 5 cash for each order requesting the specific report by name and number . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 "" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales "" order report # 1 from : kathy smith 5312 s . e . 30 ave ocala , fl 34480-7524 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 "" major corporations and multi-level sales "" order report # 2 from : micro info publishing inc . 2107 w . commonwealth ave . dept . 264 alhambra , ca 91803 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 "" sources for the best mailing lists "" order report # 3 from : som co . 2168 s . atlantic blvd . # 101 monterey park , ca 91754 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 "" evaluating multi-level sales plans "" order report # 4 from : kal inc . p . o . box 2433 glenview , il . 60025-2433 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conclusion : i am enjoying my fortune that i made by sending out this program . you too , will be making money in 20-90 days , if you follow the simple steps outlined in this mailing . to be financially independent is to be free . free to make financial decisions as never before . go into business , get into investments , retire or take a vacation . no longer will a lack of money hold you back . however , very few people reach financial independence , because when opportunity knocks , they choose to ignore it . it is much easier to say "" no "" than "" yes "" , and this the question that you must answer . will you ignore this amazing opportunity or will you take advantage of it ? if you do nothing , you have indeed missed something and nothing will change . please re-read this material , this is a special opportunity . if you have any questions , please feel free to write to the sender of this information . you will get a prompt and informative reply . my method is simple . i sell thousands of people a product for $ 5 that cost me pennies to produce and e-mail . i should also point out that this program is legal and everyone who participates will make money . this is not a chain letter or a pyramid scam . at times you probably received chain letters , asking you to send money , on faith , but getting nothing in return , no product what-so - ever ! not only are chain lettters illegal , but the risk of someone breaking the chain makes them quite unattractive . you are offering a legitimate product to your people . after they purchase the product from you , they reproduce more and resell them . it 's simple free enterprise . as you learned from the enclosed material , the product is a series of four ( 4 ) financial and business reports . the information contained in these reports will not only help you in making your participation in this program more rewarding , but will be useful to you in any other business decisions you make in the years ahead . you are also buying the rights to reprint all of the reports , which will be ordered from you by those to whom you mail this program . the concise one and two page reports you will be buying can easily be reproduced at a local copy center for a cost of about 3 cents a copy . best wishes with the program and good luck !
",1
114,"Subject: hey : )
 
 click here to recieve your free 1 month membership to the best adult sites on the internet ! we feature lesbians . . anal . . teens . . babes . . asian . . & group pics ! ! . . limited time only . . sign up now ! you must be at least 18 years to access this site .
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115,"Subject: do you need to know his or her background ? want to know his or her background ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? need to know his or her background ?
 
 locate anyone anywhere in usa * * * * * * * old friends lost loved ones deadbeat dads and moms our fee is $ 50 . 00 ( for locating ) other searches we perform are : assets criminal background marriage / divorce workmen compensation business credit reports drivers license records non - published phone numbers national real estate social security death file bankruptcy liens and judgments corporation profiles national credit reports personal or corporate pre - employment background pre - trial comprehensive reports non - published phone # s bank asset information safe deposit searches stocks , bonds , etc . search usa for more information call 1-888 - 464-5458 - ask for mr . jenkins * visa / master / discovery cards accepted 24 hour service * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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116,"Subject: link correction : 10 million $ sweepstakes
 
 download 9 million direct / filtered / mass mail friendly email addresses online for 48 hours completely free of charge and enter our new 10 million dollar sweepstakes today ! : - ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ click _ me _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ after 48 hours free trial period ends you have the option to purchase the below service : world 's largest direct email list now available on cd-rom . 61 million freshly filtered / opt-in / mass mail friendly listings are all yours for just $ 399 . 99 . we offer a generous 60 trial evaluation period and full satisfaction , money-back guarantee . an unbeatable , risk-free oppportunity for you . included with your cd-rom purchase is 1 year of full access to our online database of new email addresses . ( approx . 750 , 00 - 1 million added weekly ) for a limited time only , order now and receive a bonus cd-rom containing one free , fully licensed bulk mailing program . choose from one of the following : extractor pro 98 , direct mail 2 . 2 , stealth massmailer4 , email magnet v4 . 0 or divine intervention mmx2 . for further info and to place your order on our secure real time server cli ck _ now to order by mail , please send credit card billing info ( we accept amex , visa , mastercard , diner 's club & discover cards ) , personal checks and money orders also accepted for payment . fedex delivery of your order is provided free of charge . send payments to : webmasterfx billing suite # 102 511 avenue of the americas new york , ny 10011 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - headers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - return - path : received : from relay23 . mx . aol . com ( relay23 . mail . aol . com [ 172 . 31 . 106 . 69 ] ) by air17 . mail . aol . com ( v42 . 1 ) with smtp ; sun , 19 apr 1998 02 : 43 : 37 - 0400 received : from localhost . localhost ( mon-pq 7-12 . netcom . ca [ 207 . 181 . 93 . 76 ] ) by relay23 . mx . aol . com ( 8 . 8 . 5 / 8 . 8 . 5 / aol - 4 . 0 . 0 ) with esmtp id caa29655 ; sun , 19 apr 1998 02 : 39 : 40 - 0400 ( edt ) from : root @ 207 . 181 . 93 . 76 received : from localhost by localhost . localhost ; sun , 19 apr 98 02 : 38 : 24 - 0400 date : sun , 19 apr 98 02 : 06 : 05 est to : foryou @ ez-mail 672 . net subject : hi message - id : comments : authenticated sender is
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117,"Subject: do you need to know his or her background ? ? ? ? ? ?
 
 locate anyone anywhere in usa * * * * * * * old friends lost loved ones deadbeat dads and moms our fee is $ 50 . 00 ( for locating ) other searches we perform are : assets criminal background marriage / divorce workmen compensation business credit reports drivers license records non - published phone numbers national real estate social security death file bankruptcy liens and judgments corporation profiles national credit reports personal or corporate pre - employment background pre - trial comprehensive reports non - published phone # s bank asset information safe deposit searches stocks , bonds , etc . search usa for more information call 1-888 - 464-5458 - ask for mr . jenkins * visa / master / discovery cards accepted 24 hour service * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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118,"Subject: profit on technology !
 
 ( pardon this intrusion , you were mentioned as someone who would have an interest in technology ) we are in the beginning of an exciting , "" trillion dollar emerging market "" in technology . in the next 3 minutes below , i will show you how to capitalize on this extraordinary trend ! here 's the trillion dollar trend in american business that i ' m speaking of ! you may have noticed over the past few months the incredible number of billion dollar mergers in us business . huge mergers like worldcom and mci , travelers and citicorp - the list is endless but they one common thread - services , services , services ! ! services like : travel services , banking services , telephony services , entertainment services and utility services . all of these services that you , i and everyone we know use , are being combined into one , trillion dollar market of "" bundled services "" . services have been the fastest growing segment of the us economy for a number of years but this "" bundled services "" market is new . these are services that everyone uses - everyday , offered from one , simple source ! why are "" bundled services "" such a big deal ? let 's add it up : banking services = hundreds of billions travel services = hundred of billions telephony services = $ 200 billion in us , $ 1 trillion worldwide ( internet access , paging , cellular , long distance , local dial , cable tv , digital satellite , voice mail , virtual office , web tv ) utilities ( being deregulated now ) : electricity = $ 250 billion , gas = $ 70 bill . internet commerce = $ 8 billion ( projected to reach $ 350 billion in 5 years ) in short , "" bundled services "" are every conceivable service that you , i and everyone we know uses . a war is waging for these huge markets with the largest service companies in the world , and millions will be made from those entrepreneurs who position themselves in front of this trend . these service / technology companies are buying companies left and right so they can offer more services . these companies are fighting tooth and nail because they know something most of us do n't know . as a gte study reveals , when a customer enrolls on a single service they will stay on that service for an average of 2 years , with two services the average moves to 4 years . when a customer enrolls on 3 services , they will stay with that provider for an incredible average of 20 years ! imagine the cash flow on just one customer using 3 - 6-10 - 20 services , for 20 years . what would that cash flow be worth ? a whole bunch , and that 's why the race is on . the first company to get customers on 3 or more services - wins ! that 's why these service companies are spending billions in advertising to attract customers . but . . . these huge , traditional service companies have a serious problem . they can not get directly in front these customers . even if they could send someone directly over , would they find them at home ? if they were at home , would they let them in their house ? people decide on which service companies they wish to use , based on recommendations from people they know ! here 's my point : who better to make recommendations for services than from the people you know ! we do this unconsciously everyday anyway - now you can get paid for it ! we simply , and very passively , offer people we know , a "" free package of services "" designed to save them money and make their life simpler . the more they use the more they save ! this package will make their life easier with single billing for all the services they use . we can save them money by leveraging our parent companies $ 1 . 6 billion dollar buying power to offer the most competitive prices available anywhere for this package ! it gets even better ! we are not talking about no-name companies with questionable service . we are talking about the biggest service and technology companies in the world ! companies that are already a household name . these companies realize that "" word of mouth "" is the best way to get in front of customers . your associates & friends win , and you win ! they handle all the service / customer support - we just make the recommendation ( this could be as simple as passing out a brochure ) . services can create a true residual income ( no inventories here ! ) . what could an extra $ 10 - $ 50 , 000 a year do for your family - for the next 20 years ? with a more concentrated effort , the potential is "" income replacement "" and beyond . in addition to the monthly residual income you will earn on these services , you may also earn over rides on other re-marketers . the system of delivering services in the next evolutionary step in networking - we call it "" internetworking "" . the reason we call it "" internetworking "" is that everything can be accomplished via the internet . given the trillion dollar size of this untapped market , our financial backing and billion dollar partners , we project that we will be a billion dollar company and household name in 3 years . you are learning about us in the first 30 days ! timing is everything . imagine if you talked with an associate who has numerous property management contacts . let 's say this contact of yours knew several property managers who own thousands of rental units . the property management company could offer these services to thousands of tenants . the property management company earns a fortune , your associate earns a fortune and you earn a fortune . this is leveraged income ! there are hundreds of ways to market this because everyone uses these services . as a matter of fact , who do you know that would not be interested in saving money on their service bills , with the same top grade service companies and have the convenience of a single bill ? in summary , bundled services are a trillion dollar untapped market , ripe for entrepreneurs with vision . customers get the same quality service from the largest providers but now through one source ! because of our buying power and the fact you afford to give bigger discounts when customers are using more services ( bundled ) , it 's a win / win situation , and represents one of the largest business trends of this century . . . food for thought . . . social psychologists tell us that each person runs into at least two opportunities that could in fact , reshape their lives . the question here is this , is this your first opportunity or your last ? an interesting question . with a simple investigation , you will determine this opportunity and company , is for real . if you ' re too busy , that 's exactly why you need to do this . in three years or less , you can create the lifestyle you wish , with the effort of course . get the facts and make an informed decision . please visit our site now : http : / / www . vwcs . com / pauld thank you for your attention , the wave 4 group ps : this is a one time mailing
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119,"Subject: free marketing & money secrets
 
 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / you have been selected to receive this message because of your presence on the world wide web . this is a one time message only . the sender has already removed you from any future mailings . but to be sure of compliance , just reply to the address below to be removed from the mailing list . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / attention : we spend alot of time targeting our mailings so that we reach the right people . if we have reached you in error , we are sorry for the inconvenience . thank you for your patience . dear friend , are you not fulfilling your financial dreams ? if you want to make more money by working for only a few hours each week ; what i am about to offer you is a chance to see a free website that can help you fulfill your financial goals . http : / / www . freeyellow . com / members4 / marketonline / index . html this website offers links to excellent business opportunities that just can't be passed up . you can even get a free website , and receive free valuable marketing tips on how to attract customers to your site . i believe them to be the best opportunities out there . but do n't take my word for it . come see this site for yourself . http : / / www . freeyellow . com / members4 / marketonline / index . html you have nothing to lose , and everything to gain . best wishes , marketing online associates p . s . opportunities are never lost , just found by someone else ! * * * to be removed from this mailing list , just email to this address marketingoa @ backpackers . com with the subject "" cancel ""
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120,"Subject: hey there interested in some free xxx site 's ?
 
 click here and sign up for free xxx hardcore / softcore & any kind of pornography you want all of it is free and you only gotta sign up with one of them to visit all of the sites ! ! ! and trust me there 's alotta sites . . . . ( gay and straight )
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121,"Subject: free stealth 3 . 0 bulk email software . . .
 
 just released . . . 30 , 000 , 000 email addresses ! plus 12 bonuses . . . including free stealth 3 . 0 bulk email software these addresses are less than 21 days old . earn insane profits with the right formula if you have a product , service , or message that you would like to get out = = 20 to thousands , hundreds of thousands , or even millions of people , you = 20 have several options . traditional methods include print advertising , direc = t = 20 mail , radio , and television advertising . they are all effective , but they = all = 20 have two catches : they ' re expensive and time consuming . not = 20 only that , you only get one shot at making your message heard , by = 20 the right people . the internet , the "" global communications frontier "" has changed = 20 this dramatically , including making countless individuals wealthy . = 20 "" electronic marketing , "" as it 's commonly referred to , has effectively = 20 leveled the playing fields of all types businesses . internet marketing group has been in the online marketing business = 20 for over 5 years . we can help make your goals come true . we have = 20 helped many individuals succeed in marketing their product = 20 effectively . it 's very simple to do . in fact soon you will have the = 20 problem of what to do with all the cash you will make from sending = 20 out bulk email . = 20 here is just one of many true success stories we have seen . . . we did a mailing of 1 1 / 2 million emails for one of our customers . he = 20 was selling a home workers manual for $ 29 . 95 . his results are very = 20 typical and scary . he took in over 700 orders ! 700 x $ 29 . 95 = 3d $ 20 , 000 . = 20 this gentleman was so amazed , that after being skeptical , it had = 20 really happened to him , he made it , he found a niche . that niche = 20 was email ! he went on to buy our full list and will be set for life in le = ss = 20 than six months time . all this from selling a simple manual via e . mail . that was just one of the many success stories we hear everyday . = 20 it may all sound to good to be true . well , we can tell you this . it reall = y = 20 does work . why else are so many individuals doing it ? they are not = 20 just wasting their time . they are all making mega bucks . do n't even hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most = 20 effective way to market anywhere . . period ! = 20 here ' s the bottom line and what we can do for you here is what you get when you order today ! > > 30 million email addresses . . . 1 per line in simple text format on a cd = = 2e multiple files of 250 , 000 or greater ( no codes needed to open files ) . = 20 you will receive email addresses of the following domains . . . aol , = 20 prodigy , compuserve , delphi , genie , juno , pipeline , = 20 interamp , msn , mci , and 5 million other mixed email = 20 addresses ( . com , . net ) . all names listed above are seperated = 20 in files by domain name for your convenience . plus these bonus specials . . . > > 2 free bulk email programs . . . pegasus and eudora . you will be able to load our names into these 2 distribution list software 's ( which will = 20 create distribution lists saving you hours of work ) for immediate , = 20 around the clock launching ! you can whip out as many distribution = 20 lists as you like , and depending on the speed of your modem and = 20 the length of your message , you will be able to send out around 10 , 000 to 30 , 000 messages per hour for free . > > "" stealth mass mailer "" bulk email . this is the most popular bulk = 20 emailer in the world . this is the full working verion of the program . = 20 this product sends over 250 , 000 per hour . ( value $ 399 . 00 ) > > setup instructions and tips for stealth mass mailer . > > free check by fax software ! ( $ 299 . 00 value ) > > where to get a free web page . > > super note pad . . . this software will help manage your large text = 20 files for you . > > winzip self extractor . . . this program will be needed when de-compressing a compressed file . it will come in handy when = 20 dealing with files of zip format . > > over 5 , 000 places to advertise for free ! > > "" profits 2500 series "" . . . 7 manuals that will teach you how to market = 20 on the internet and what offers work and which ones to stay clear of . = 20 also we will show you where to find web designers for free and much , = 20 much more . you get everything for only $ 99 . 00 > > > special bonus . . . if you order within 24 hours you can deduct $ 20 . 00 from the listed price . limited time only ! we have previously sold the seven manuals alone for over $ 400 . now = 20 you can have the complete package for the low price of only $ 79 . 00 do n't even hesitate on this one . . reserve yours today ! all lists are completely free of any duplicates . we also on a continual = 20 basis , add new names and remove undeliverables and remove = 20 requests . = 20 the result is the cleanest email addresses available anywhere = 20 to use over and over again , for a fraction of the cost that other = 20 companies charge . typical rates for acquiring email lists are from = 20 1 cent to as high as 3 cents per email address - that 's "" information highway "" robbery ! . how do i protect my e . mail address ? 1st of all , send your e . mail with the stealth mass mailer . this program w = ill protect your email address while sending your e . mail at speeds of up to 250 , 000 messages per hour ( 28 . 8 connection ) . 2nd , collect your inquiries and remove requests via autoresponders . usin = g autoresponders , you do n't even have to read the flames . just move them to your remove list and forget about them ! start earning mega money and get started now ! to order our email package , simply print out the ez order form = 20 below and call us anytime . we accept visa , mastercard , american express , personal check = 20 or money order . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ez order form = 20 call our 24 hour order line at : 1-561 - 697-0657 ( orders only ) we will deduct an additional $ 2 . 00 for all phone orders . = 20 _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to order your 30 , 000 , 000 email addresses = 20 plus all the bonuses for only $ 99 . 00 _ _ _ _ _ i am ordering within 24 hours ! please deduct $ 20 . 00 from the price making the total only $ 79 . 00 * please select one of the following for shipping . _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package overnight . i ' m including = 20 $ 12 for shipping . _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package proirity delivery . i ' m including = 20 $ 4 for shipping . _ _ _ _ please add $ 10 . 00 for all orders from outside the u . s . date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ type of credit card : = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ _ _ mastercard _ _ _ _ american express credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amount $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - best of luck ! ! we apologize if this e . mail was sent to you in error . to be permanently removed from all mailing lists simply go to http : / / www . antispam . org thank you ! thank you ! = e7 = 013 session 10 se
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122,"Subject: please read .
 
 payless typing service 1624 n . robberson springfield , mo 65803 ( 417 ) 865-7096 moongoddess @ wwn . net to whom it may concern , friday , may 1 , 1998 greetings ! my name is vania . i have recently started a home typing service . i am writing this letter not only to introduce myself , but to offer my services in the above area as well . included in this area of business are the following : typing / mailing , data entry , records / bookkeeping , billing , and various other services depending on you ' re individual needs . i am anxious to get started so please do n't hesitate to contact me . sincerely , vania juarez
",1
123,"Subject: hi !
 
 * * * this is not spam ! * * * my name is matthew . i make a habit of deleting mail i have not yet read , as i ' m sure you do also . please read this one though , you might find this interesting . i recently lost my high paying job from a major computer corporation due to their loss of a major contract . they messed up , but that whole dep ' t of 15 people including myself are hung out to dry . corporate america at it 's finest . i have not had luck yet finding another job , as my skills were very specific to that company and not really worth anything to another company . during the time i worked there , i also bought and sold real estate like those guys on tv . ( yes , you can do that and make it work for you too ) the key is i made it work . i was fairly successful until the "" nightmare on pleasant st . "" as my friends and i call it . . . i lost most of my money in that one bad deal and i was no longer financially secure and i relied heavily on my income from my former job . as you ' ve already heard , i lost that too and i started to look for other things i could make money to help me get back on my feet . so , i started to read all of the junk that people have mailed to me . let me tell you , i can't believe some of the things out there . . . what a waste of time . until i saw this . hold on . i know you are ( like i was ) ready to stop reading right here . i implore you not to . i ( like you ) am not some non-educated fool . i have made much money for myself in real estate , which is not an easy business . i am a rather competent business man . at least finish reading this until the end . * * better still : print this letter and read it in comfort over , and over here is what i saw . . . * i only needed $ 20 extra dollars to try this * this is making money for people who at least tried a little , so why not me too ? in desparation , i sent the four 5 dollar bills and got the reports . as i always have , i made this work for me too . i took much time and effort to learn about e-mail ( which is a great and free tool ! ! ) and how to send lots of it . now , 19 days after my first mailing of this , i have received roughly 8 , 450 responses . ( trust me , when my fiance ` saw 8 , 450 5 dollar bills on the kitchen table , she no longer laughed at me for trying this ) i wrote a report of my own showing step by step how to do the same which i will give to you for free as a helping hand so we can all continue this success . i will show you every step of cutting , pasting , editing this letter to include your name and address , etc . here is my special offer to help you . . . . as long as my address , basquiat at the evanston po box is on the list below i will send the step-by - step instructions and 100 , 000 e-mail addresses to anyone who orders any report from me . it took some time and expense to put this list together so all i ask is that you add another $ 5 for handling the addresses . the instructions for e _ mailing are free . they will come to you in a . txt format ( which i will teach you how to use in the instructions i ' ve put together ) and less than 2 % will be duplicates . you will get the list of addresses with your report . the first 160 people who order a report from me will receive a different set of addresses . this is my gift to you to help you get started . . . . i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be prepared to eventually set aside about an hour each day to follow up ( and count your money ! ) , you will make at least as much money as i am . you do n't need to be a whiz at the computer , but i ' ll bet you already are . if you can open an envelope , remove the money , and send an e-mail message , then you ' re on your way to the bank . take the time to read this so you ' ll understand how easy it is . if i can do this , so can you ! add this e-mail to ' favorite places ' by dragging the heart at the upper right corner of this window to the heart / folder picture next to the file cabinet . that way , you will have a copy of this for future use . go for it now ! ! matthew the following is a copy of the e-mail i read : $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then read it again ! ! ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its ability to generate large amounts of cash . this program is showing fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go to the bank ! this truly is that lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow the easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams will come true ! when followed correctly , this electronic , multi-level marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , cars , etc . , - even retire ! this is your chance , so do n't pass it up ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary electronic multi-level marketing program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - basically , this is what we do : we send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level businesses , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new business online ( via your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive via "" snail mail "" will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they ordered . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s it ! the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest electronic business anywhere ! follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if you do n't order them ) . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose name appears on the list next to the report . * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save them on your computer and resell them . * within a few days you will receive , via e-mail , each of the four save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send reports to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in steps "" a "" through "" d "" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , replace the name and address under report # 1 with your name and address , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . c . move the name and address that was under report # 2 down to report # 3 . d . move the name and address that was under report # 3 down to report # 4 . e . the name and address that was under report # 4 is removed from the list and has no doubt collected their 50 grand . please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address accurately ! ! ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this letter . 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the worldwide web ! advertising on the web is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . another avenue which you could use for advertising is e-mail lists . you can buy these lists for under $ 20 / 2 , 000 addresses or you can pay someone a minimal charge to take care of it for you . be sure to start your ad campaign immediately ! 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report - always send your order via first class mail - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets of paper - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and ( c ) your postal address . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 "" how to reorganize your time to accommodate a home based business "" order report # 1 from : g & p enterprises po box 3544 lubbock , tx 79452 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 "" major corporations and e-mail "" order report # 2 from : a&j advertising p . o . box 16057 st . paul , mn 55116-0057 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 "" sources for the best mailing lists "" order report # 3 from : basqiuat po box 1963 evanston , il 60204 ( add an additional $ 5 . to cover handling the 100 , 000 e - mail addresses i will send you when you order any report from me . also note as well that you want the e - mailing instructions ( which is free ) sent to you . when you move my address down move this offer also . ( it will help us all . ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 "" evaluating multi-level sales plans "" order report # 4 from : a basket affair 4505 hamptonshire drive raleigh , nc 27613 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think about it ! your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 3 shows you the most productive methods for bulk e-mailing and purchasing e-mail lists . some list & bulk e-mail vendors even work on trade ! about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which state that "" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . "" * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! note : if you need help with starting a business , registering a business name , how income tax is handled , etc . , contact your local office of the small business administration ( a federal agency ) for free help and answers to questions . also , the internal revenue service offers free help via telephone and free seminars about business taxes . * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving "" junk mail . "" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population and percentages involved . i "" knew "" it would n't work . doris totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old "" i told you so "" on her when the thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i have joined doris in her "" hobby . "" i did have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the "" rat race "" and it 's not for me . we owe it all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i surprised when i found my medium - size post office box crammed with orders ! for awhile , it got so overloaded that i had to start picking up my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't matter where in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to contact to get another copy , so i had to wait until i was e-mailed another program . . . 11 months passed then it came . . . i did n't delete this one ! . . . i made more than $ 41 , 000 on the first try ! ! d . wilburn , muncie , in this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! ! !
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124,"Subject: conformation
 
 hello , i am attempting to clean my email list . your email has ended up in my inbox either because you emailed me , was included in the headers of an email sent to me , or you are a member of one of the many email friendly lists . however if you wish to not receive email from me then please reply with "" remove "" in the subject line and you will be respectively and immediatly removed . please if you have any doubts that you will or will not complain about getting a offer from me then please reply now . . . . i do not want any complaints from anyone about spams . . . thank you ! take care and have a beautiful day !
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125,"Subject: dated material
 
 please follow the instructions of this letter very carefully , immediately print and read twice . greetings hopefully my name is still on the list below . i am a retired attorney , and about two years ago a man came to me with a letter . the letter he brought me is the same as the letter in front of you now . he asked me to verify the fact that this letter was legal . i told him that i would review it and get back to him . when i first read the letter i thought it was some off-the - wall idea to make money . a week later i met again with my client to discuss the issue . i told him that the letter originally brought to me was not 100 % legal . my client asked me to alter the letter to make it 100 % legal . i advised him to make a small change in the letter and it will be all right . i was curious about the letter , so he told me how it works . i thought it was a long shot , so i decided against participating . before my client left , i asked him to keep me updated as to his results . about two months later he called to tell me that he had received over $ 800 , 000 in cash ! ! i did n't believe him so he asked me to try the plan and see for myself . i thought about it for a few days and decided that there was not much to lose . i followed the instructions exactly and mailed out 200 letters . sure enough the money started coming in ! it came slowly at first , but after three weeks i was getting more than i could open in a day . after about three months the money stopped coming . i kept a precise record of my earnings and at the end it totaled $ 868 , 439 . 00 . i was earning a good living as a lawyer , but as anyone in the legal profession will tell you , there is a lot of stress that comes with the job . i told myself if things worked out i would retire from practice and play golf . i decided to try the letter again , but this time i sent out 500 letters out . well , three months after that i had totaled $ 2 , 344 , 178 . 00 ! i just could n't believe it . i met my old client for lunch to find out how this exactly works . he told me that there were a few similar letters going around . what made this one different is the fact that there are seven names on the letter , not five like most others . that fact alone resulted in more returns . the other factor was the advice i gave him in making sure the whole thing was perfectly legal , since no one wants to risk doing anything illegal . i bet now you are curious about what little changes i told him to make . well , if you send a letter like this out , to be legal , you must sell something if you expect to receive a dollar . i told him that anyone sending a dollar out must receive something in return . so when you send a dollar to each of the seven names on the list , you must include a slip of paper saying "" please put me on your mailing list "" and include your name , mailing address and e-mail address ( your phone # is optional ) . this is the key to the program ! the item you will receive for your dollar you send to the seven names below , is this letter and the right to earn thousands . we will be working together to improve each other 's lives ! follow the simple instructions below exactly , and in less than three months you will receive over $ 800 , 000 . 00 guaranteed ! ! ! ! a ) immediately send $ 1 . 00 to each of the seven people listed below . wrap the dollar in a note ( type or handwritten ) saying "" please add me to your mailing list "" and include your name , mailing address , and e-mail address . your phone number is optional . 1 - jal 8401 e . 60th st . # 2811 tulsa , ok 74145-5075 2 - lbm enterprises 167 hamilton st . oceanside , ca 92054 3 - s + k industries 641a puller pl san clemente , ca 92672 4 - smooth enterprises 205-38 abeyta ct , oceanside , ca 92054 5 - d&k cybermart 2281 annadale way , chula vista ca 91915 6 - arawak , 2442 n . main st . , suite 185 , gainesville , fl 32609 7 - mike m , p . o . box 89009 cp elysee , laval , quebec , h7w 5k1 b ) remove the name next to # 1 at the top of the list and move the rest of the names up on position . then place your name in the # 7 spot . this is best done by saving this to a file and enter in your information on line # 7 . be very careful when you type the addresses and proof read them . c ) when you have completed the above instructions you have options of mailing your new letter in two ways 1 ) through us postal service or 2 ) through e-mail . this letter has been proven perfectly legal for both ways as long as you follow the above instructions , because you ' re purchasing membership in our exclusive mailing list . to mail this out over the internet , you could browse through areas and find people to send this to all the time . all you have to do is cut and paste e-mail addresses wherever you are on the internet . remember , it does n't cost anything to mail on the internet . or you can use a mass e-mail network to mail it out in large volumes for you . we highly recommend this one . they always e-mail more than the amount you purchase and their addresses are fresh . e - mail this letter to them with your name and address in position # 7 above . bulk email is highly recommended for ease and efficiency . newsgroups tend to be very unreliable . just do a search on the web for bulk email . * * you will want to e-mail this to as many people as you can . this will bring you big payoffs . this company has been most effective for this program . * * * keep in mind that there is no limit to the amount of names you could send out . the more names you send the more money you will make . we strongly encourage you to mail this letter to family and friends and relatives as well . * * * this is a service and is 100 % legal ! ! ! ( refer to title 18 , section 1302 & 1342 of the u . s . postal and lottery laws ) assume for example you get a 7 . 5 % return rate , which is very conservative . my first attempt was about 9 . 5 % and my second time was over 11 % 1 ) when you mail out 200 letters , 15 people will send you $ 1 . 00 2 ) those 15 people mail out 200 letters and 225 people send you $ 1 . 00 3 ) those 225 people mail out 200 letters and 3 , 375 people send you $ 1 . 00 4 ) those 3 , 375 people mail out 200 letters and 50 , 625 people send you $ 1 . 00 5 ) those 50 , 625 people mail out 200 letters and 759 , 375 people send you $ 1 . 00 6 ) those 759 , 375 people mail out 200 letter and 11 , 390 , 625 people send you $ 1 . 00 at this point your name drops off the list . think about it . with only the first six levels you have received over $ 813 , 615 . 00 ! it works every time , but how well depends on how many letters you send out . in the example above you mailed out 200 letters , if you mailed out 500 letters , you would have received over $ 2 , 006 , 917 . 00 check the math yourself , i want you to , but i guarantee it is correct ! with this kind of return , you ' ve got to try it . try it once and you will do it again - guaranteed ! just make sure you send a dollar to each of the seven names on the list with a note to be added to their mailing list . together we will all prosper ! ! ! ps you ' ve read this far , so let me ask you one simple question . q - what have you got to lose a - only $ 7 . 00 what you can gain is an income , like the example in the letter . very small risk . very small expense , huge potential returns ! what do you have to lose ? i invite you to join our mailing list today ! wishing you happy success ! p . p . s . we have a 95 % return at this point ! ! !
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126,"Subject: dear website operator
 
 hi , i thought this could help your success . feel free to call me with any questions . sincerely , jennifer powers 904-441 - 8080 env associates you will never receive a message from me again . * * * first time ever offered ! * * * keep your prospect pipeline - tm filled ! disappointed with traditional marketing ? maybe it 's time to consider ' business to business ' direct e - mail . forget the "" get rich quick "" schemes and $ 395 + software . forget the "" 60 million "" address cd 's that are filled with duplicates and even invalid , "" generated "" addresses , hidden in many different files that rarely add up to even a million prospects which are still unqualified . over 90 % are private personal addresses of people who do not want to be invaded and unless you have duplicate filtering software , you would be mailing many of them multiple times , with the same message ! no wonder they call it spam . you should respect their privacy . prospect pipeline - tm gets you started with the contact e-mail addresses from each of 100 , 000 unique commercial web sites ( e . g . www . mysite . com ) and a free 5 day trial of e - mail pump : software that does what every business needs done - - it keeps a pipeline of prospects coming . maybe it 's time you filled your pipeline ? prospect pipeline is the most reasonable marketing / announcement tool you ' ll ever find at $ 49 . 95 ( + s&h ) . you can continue to receive a fresh cd ( 100 , 000 new commercial addresses ) each month thereafter , at a 20 % discount . we can even deliver them to you automatically ! prospect pipeline - tm addresses are contact addresses from commercial web sites ( 100 % ' . com ' ) . a commercial domain ( . com ) is a business by definition and business people love to do business . you know the value of qualified prospects and how much time and money you can waste if they ' re not . this is an extremely reasonable offer ! get down to business today . stop waiting for prospects to find you . prospect pipeline - tm business to business package includes : 100 , 000 highly refined ( no duplicates ) commercial contact e - mail addresses in plain text files ready for mailing . a free , fully functional , 5 day trial of ' e - mail pump , ' the latest in direct mail software technology . start prospecting immediately ! e - mail pump includes a built in ' instant ' registration process via the internet . it 's also priced reasonably at $ 49 . 95 , should you decide to register . if you have any further questions or to place an order by phone , please do not hesitate to call us at : 904-441 - 8080 business hours are monday - saturday 9 : 00 am - 9 : 00 pm . to order by fax or postal mail , simply print out the order form below and fax or mail it to our office today . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * we accept us checks by fax , telephone and postal mail . money orders in us dollars drawn on us or canadian banks only , are accepted by postal mail . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - order form - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - env associates - voice telephone : 904-441 - 8080 business hours are monday - saturday 9 : 00 am - 9 : 00 pm . complete this form and follow the fax instructions at the bottom . all orders are sent us postal service 3 day priority mail or global priority mail outside of the us . _ _ _ _ _ yes ! please send me the ' prospect pipeline - tm ' cd-rom of 100 , 000 fresh , new , commercial addresses and free - 5 day trial of e - mail pump for only $ 49 . 95 ( us dollars ) name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone number ( s ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2nd e-mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * please select the appropriate shipping for your location and make your check payable for the respective total . . . _ _ _ _ i am in the united states , so i will add $ 3 . 00 for us postal priority mail for a total of $ 52 . 95 ( us dollars ) . _ _ _ _ i am in canada , so i will add $ 6 . 95 for global priority mail for a total of $ 56 . 90 ( us dollars ) . _ _ _ _ i am outside the us and canada , so i will add $ 12 . 00 for global priority mail for a total of $ 61 . 95 ( us dollars ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * 24 hour ordering by fax * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 . print this order form 2 . paste or tape your check here 3 . be sure the above form is complete 4 . fax to 1-904 - 441-6481 ( 24 hours , 7 days a week ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - you need not mail the original check when using check - by - fax . our banking software drafts a special check , with the exact information from your original . orders are shipped at the time funds clear . if you feel uncomfortable with check - by - fax or check - by - phone payment , send this form with your check or money order to : env associates 171 east granada boulevard ormond beach , florida 32176 904-441 - 8080 voice 904-441 - 6481 fax * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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127,"Subject: as you requested - - free samples and information
 
 free samples and information call toll free 1-877 - 679-goal ( 4625 ) increase energy , stamina and endurance ! raise your metabolism and burn fat naturally ! increase mental energy level ! control hunger ! reduce sugar cravings ! no exercise ! no diets ! this is a $ 5 . 00 value absolutely free with no risk to you . you call us , no salesman will ever call you . 100 % natural , healthy , and legal . our free sample packet includes all information for our revolutionary product , including all details of herbal energy plus and what it can do for you . you have nothing to lose ! order your free samples and information packet now ! this is a limited time offer ! call our toll free hotline 1-877 - 679-goal ( 4625 ) your order will be shipped to you the very next day . thank your for your time and interest . endeavors international is a company devoted to people helping people . all of our products come with a 100 % no risk money back guarantee . our number one goal is customer satisfaction . thank you for your interest . this is a one time mailing . to be removed from this list reply to : rustyoo @ juno . com with remove in the subject line .
",1
128,"Subject: cable decsrambler now only $ 6 . 99 !
 
 this is really cool ! premium channels and pay per view events * * * * free * * * * * * well tested throughout europe ! * * easy to assemble plans for only $ 6 . 99 usd ! we will send your plans the day we receive your order ! you will be watching hbo , showtime , the movie channel , pay per view events , adult stations , and any other scrambled signal next week ! you can easily assemble a cable descrambler in less than 30 minutes ! you have probably seen many advertisments for similar plans . . . . but ours are better ! we have compared it to all the others and have actually improved the quality and simplified the design ! ! ! * * we even include photos ! * * our plans are better ! we have new , easy to read , easy to assemble plans for only $ 6 . 99 usd ! we have seen them advertised for as much as $ 49 . 00 usd and you have to wait weeks to receive them ! what the others say is true ! parts are available at any local electronics store ! call and ask them before you order ! does indeed work ! you will need part # 's 270-235 271-1325 278-212 rg59 coaxial cable , # 12 copper wire , and a variable capacitor . * * these parts described by name in the instructions . * * * * they may have to special order the variable capacitor . . . . but why wait for a special order ? we have them ! we have them ! we have them ! * * we have secured a supply of the capacitors directly from the manufacturer , and we will include one with your plans for an additional $ 10 . 00 usd only ! it is legal , providing of course you use these plans for educational purposes only . it ' s fun ! we ' re sure you ' ll enjoy this ! our families sure do ! * you need one descrambler for each tv . no more monthly bills ! $ 6 . 99 usd for plans only $ 10 . 00 usd for variable capacitor only $ 16 . 99 usd for the easy to assemble plans and one variable capacitor ! $ 1 . 50 usd for shipping and handling internatinal orders ! pay by check or money order payable to : the hobby pros 336 bon air center # 254 greenbrae , ca . 94904 usa please provide a self addressed envelope for priority delivery ! we pay the postage ! we will rush your order to you ! int 1 * * * * *
",1
129,"Subject: new marketing technology - beyond email
 
 let me make 1500 ( + ) calls a day for your business . . ( the most effective "" hi-tech "" state - of-the - art business system ever . . . . . . the power calling system 2000 ' this pc based comprehensive marketing system will absolutely bring in more business for you by automatically making up to 2000 calls per day . whether you are a professional network marketer , doctor , dentist , realtor , lawyer , insurance agent , etc . . or you own a business , corporation or small home based - business , this marketing system can reach "" thousands "" of potentials customers each week for you informing them of your business or services ! with our basic 2 line marketing system , you can reach nearly 2000 potential customers per day . this is the best marketing system available for 1 / 3 to 1 / 4 the cost of other less comparable systems available . ( lease / rental options are available ) the results that you will experience from this system will be simply staggering and very real ! ! if you want to see an increase in your business revenues right away , then you need to call the number below asap ! ! ! call now : ( 888 ) 248-4573 ( 24 hours ) simply leave us your full name and telephone number including area code , and one of our representatives will get in touch with you within the next few days to get additional information from you to send out your professional package . we thank you
",1
130,"Subject: webentrepreneurs 10 $ million sweepstakes
 
 enter our 1998 webentrepreneur sweepstakes and win your share of 10 million dollars in leading edge software and turn key business set up prizes . our 10 , 000 dollar grand prize containing everything needed to run a full home business and will be awarded to 10 , 000 of the first 30 , 000 registers ! your chances of winning are high if you are one of the first to act now . to enter simply , visit our site and sign up to evaluate our brand new cd-rom containing all known email addresses on the internet . over 61 million sorted , filtered and verified listings are available for just $ 399 . 99 and come with a 100 % money back guarantee policy ! we at webmaster fx digital systems are so convinced that you ' ll be fully satisfied that we offer 1 full year as a trial period . return anytime , no obligation to keep the product whatsoever if you ' re disatisfied . additionally , when you register with us , you willl receive free access for a full year of email address updates and add-ons every week ! start being on top of fresh web contacts today and take advantage of your chance at winning in our $ 10 million sweepstakes . enter to enter by mail and order your money back guaranteed 61 million e @ addresses on cd-rom , simply send 399 . 99 via check , money order , visa or mastercard & including all billling and email info to our billling headquaters : webmasterfx billling suite 102 511 avenue of the americas new york , ny 10011
",1
131,"Subject: regarding the cable tv descrambler
 
 ( faq ) frequent asked questions - - cable tv descrambler ( do not hit the reply button , this message is generated automatically for those interested in the product . you ' ll receive this message only once ) hello ! ! ! = ) "" thank you for requesting more information about the cable television descrambler . i ' ve been asked so many good questions that i left unanswered in my first letter . for that reason , i have put together this question & answer letter . i apologize in advance for not being able to answer each of your questions personally . the response has been overwhelming . "" q : will the descrambler on fiber , tci , jarrod and satellite systems ? a : the answer is yes . in respect to satellite , you just get more stuff ! q : do i need a converter box ? a : this plan works with or without a converter box . specific instructions are included in my plans for each ! q : where can i find the 75pf - 100pf variable capacitor , radio shack doesn t have it ? a : many radio shacks do have it . however , you have two other options . 1st call a radio speciality supply store in your area that is listed in the yellow pages . 2nd you can order the capacitor from me . if needed i will mail you as many as you need for the price ( s ) below . i m not trying to make a profit out of it , just want to help you . i ll wrap it carefully and send it to you only if you send me a self addressed # 10 size padded envelope , with 64c postage affixed . 1-10 75pf - 100pf variable capacitor $ 11 ea . 20 - up . $ 9 ea . q : can the cable company detect that i have the box ? a : no , the signal descrambles right at the box and does not move back through the line . q : do i have to alter my existing cable system , television or vcr ? a : the answer is no . q : does this work with my remote control ? a : the answer is no . it 's a manual kind of thing . . . but very easy . have your spouse or significant other get off the couch to do the deed ! q : can you email me the plans ? a : no , the plans come with an easy to follow picture guide . q : does this work everywhere across the country ? a : i have friends in four states and one in england and brasil that use the same parts and the same plans and they are all successful . q : is this deal guaranteed ? a : yes , if you are unhappy for any reason i will refund your money . q : is this a rip off or a scam ? a : no , if it were i d charge $ 50 . 00 or more for the plans . be sure i not going to damn myself to hell by ripping you off for a measly $ 12 . 00 or so . q : when i order , when will i get my stuff ? a : i mail out all orders within 24 hours of receiving it . . . if you supply a self addressed , stamped return envelope with 55 cents postage affixed . q : again , how much does it cost to get the instructions plans and the easy to follow diagrams ? a : to order a set of the instructions send $ 12 . 00 by cash , check or money order payable to : rms enterprises send to : 50 lexington ave , suite 209 / new york city , ny 10010 . q : can you give me a list of the parts again ? a : yes . 1 - radio shack mini box ( part # 270-235 ) 1 - watt resistor 2 . 2k - 2 . 4k ohm ( part # 271-1325 ) 1 - 75pf - 100pf variable capacitor ( special order ) 2 - f61a chassis-type connectors ( part # 278-212 ) 12 "" no . 12 solid copper wire 12 "" rg59 coaxial cable q : i lost your address , could you give it to me again . a : 50 lexington ave , suite 209 / new york city , ny 10010 usa q : how can i pay for this ? a : check , money order or cash . sorry , no credit cards accepted . i look forward to your order . kindest personal regards , raul mendez
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132,"Subject: your invited !
 
 hello : my name is chrissie . i ' m an 18 year old student with a fantastic body that i just love to show off ! i just started working at this place where you can see me live on your computer & i will do whatever you want ! come check me out , it 's free to try out ! click here to get your preview . thanks alot !
",1
133,"Subject: dave - check this one out ! !
 
 dave , you have got to check out this program - i have made over $ 2200 in two days . - - - - - the fastest paying most explosive program ever ! ! what 's all the excitement ? ? well , just check this out ! unlimited $ 500 checks all day long no caps - paid daily next day fedex $ 20 bonuses on everyone you sponsor , they sponsor and so on each time they cycle - 6 levels deep - unlimited width digital cellular phone with air time no credit check , no security deposit pre-paid phone cards english and spanish instructions 8 . 9 cents per minute long distance 24 hours / 7 days - 1 + dialing - incoming 800 # - 6-second billing - no monthly charge 100 qualified leads opportunity seekers - help grow your business super discount pack legal referral service , groceries , medical , travel , vehicles , appliances , 250 , 000 + name-brand items + more no matter who you are , what you ' re doing now , your age or background or how much time you have , this program is for you ! 1 , 000s every day are securing their financial future . maybe you just want to take care of the credit cards , make the mortgage or car payment or set aside a few extra dollars towards a vacation , college fund or retirement . or perhaps you ' re looking for a complete change . then this home-based business is perfect . the low start-up cost and extremely high return make this the best business decision you ' ll ever make . no matter what your goal may be , fasttrac has exactly what you need . this program has an explosive "" front-end "" income with $ 500 checks paid daily and sent directly to you via fedex the very next day . and , it also has a huge "" back-end "" residual income with $ 20 bonuses paid weekly , 6 levels deep , unlimited width ! it all adds up to total financial security . on top of that , we include products that , as you saw above , are unbeatable in the industry today . so , whether you are brand new to this multi-billion dollar exploding industry called "" network marketing "" or an old pro with years of experience , fasttrac has every element needed to ensure your success . low cost creates easy duplication . fast pay . checks are sent daily via fedex . front-end income with $ 500 per cycle all day long - no cap . back-end income with $ 20 bonuses - the residual income you look for ! top - of-the - line products tele - sponsoring for instant growth ( you could cycle the first day ! ) . no meetings to attend - just use our live conference calls . 1 simple step . and a dedicated staff of professionals to help you very step of the way . get all the facts , check it out and then join us . our # 1 priority is your $ ucce $ $ ! http : / / members . theglobe . com / larranda / moneymaker / bizop . html larry ruth
",1
134,"Subject: the best software @ the best $
 
 remove instructions below . all remove requests are respectfully immediately the cutting edge of e-mail technology : "" express mail server "" from imc for only $ 275 for a limited time only ! this is the best of all e-mail programs , we know we have tried them all . if your reading this message , that only proves it works you will not find it anywhere for less you can download a demo for free from our full service web site , complete with step by step instructional tutorial ! try before you buy ! we know you will love it ! it 's a bulk e-mailers dream come true , at last ! the same software goes for $ 695 . 00 ! you can also get it for $ 495 . 00 from l . s . enterprises you can call : 808-876 - 1550 and get more information or order a copy today for $ 275 ( for a limited time only ) . or fax your order / info request to : ( 808 ) 878-6869 ( include your name , phone number , e-mail address ) we also have 60 million e-mail addresses and an excellent "" remove list "" service available for only $ 99 . we accept all major credit cards : visa * master card * american express * discover card we can also accept checks by fax ! simply fax your check to : 808-878 - 6869 so do n't hesitate , call today this offer is for a limited time only ! what is express mail server ? express mail server ( ems ) bulk e-mail software is the only thing that works . ems transforms your computer into a personal mail server . with no additional hardware , ems software will give you complete control of your mailings , because the mail you send will originate from your computer and be delivered directly into the mailbox of your recipient . since the mail originates from your computer , it is no longer necessary to use your internet service provider 's mail server . when you use the previous generation stealth or cloaking type programs , they work by uploading your mail to your provider 's mail server . they can also be programmed to send mail through other providers mail servers without authorization ( this is considered theft of service ) . the problem is , the previous generation stealth type programs upload the messages faster than these mail servers can process them . many times this causes a provider 's mail server to bog down and crash . obviously , this will make providers furious with you . furthermore , you may think that you are sending hundreds of thousands of messages , unfortunately , most of it simply gets filtered and deleted by the mail server . you are lucky to get 10 % - 20 % of that mail delivered . with ems software your computer emulates a mail server and you actually control and watch all your mail being delivered piece by piece . there is a 100 % delivery rate with this program anywhere on the internet . we did say 100 % delivery rate to any internet email addresses . a bold claim but it is true . this is the latest technical advance in bulk email since the advent of the stealth type programs . this program verifies domains and validity of email addresses before sending mail . this dramatically reduces your bounced back undeliverables . bounced back undeliverables can sure bog down a server . you can also control where you want any bounced back mail to go . it can go to any email address you want with ems . ems can work with any dial up internet account , ( aol is not considered a dial up internet account ) an isdn line or a t - 1 or t - 3 . it runs on windows 95 or nt . we have not heard of any person losing a dial up account with this software . one reason bulk email is so frowned upon with numerous isp 's ( internet service providers ) is people try to send as much mail as they can , as quick as they can and crash the mail server of the isp . this won't happen with ems software since you do n't since you do n't use the mail server of the isp to send your mail . the program actually sends the mail directly from your computer , which is now , a bona fide mail server , to the recipients mail server avoiding any potential blocks that would prevent you from reaching those on your mailing list . you do not have to "" forge "" headers or randomize anything to have 100 % of your mail delivered , although the program does allow for randomization and customizing of headers . you can send mail omitting the "" to "" "" from "" and "" reply to "" portions of your headers . want to send out your messages in color . this is not a problem with ems . just select a font color with your mouse , and then click on a background color as well . want to make your font bold or put it into italics , just point and click . want your message centered or shifted left or right , once again just point and click . unlike all of the others , ( which are all the same , but go by different names ) this software is very straightforward and easy to use . if you can log on to aol , you already know more about computers than you 'd need to use ems . we also provide technical support by phone to answer any questions you may have . ems works with any windows 95 or nt computer . it requires no additional hardware or software . the ems software sends at speeds up to 80 , 000 messages per hour delivered using a modest pentium and a 28 . 8 modem . rates will dramatically increase with an isdn or cable modem and of course with a t - 1 they will be even faster . if you want to take advantage of this breakthrough in bulk email technology give us a call on the number below . we do n't plan on repeat mailings for this product so take advantage of this opportunity . the cost to you is $ 275 . 00 ! money well spent if you consider that you can buy stealth ( or the many others like it . . . they all operate the same way ) for $ 400 . you might be happy with stealth if you do n't mind frequent loss of dial-up accounts , and lot of complaints . not getting a lot of your mail delivered due to blocks and crashed mail servers deleting your mail , along with the resulting low response rate from your mailings , all of which defeated the purpose of e-mailing in the first place ! few people are aware of this new technology , so you are already leaps and bounds ahead of any competition . using this , you can sell anything you wish , over and over . also , consider that you may decide to offer a mailing service to others . you ' ve probably gotten e-mails that claim they can send your advertisement e-mail for a cost of $ 200 per 100 , 000 . what most people do n't realize is that only 20 or 30 of the mail they pay these people to get sent actually gets delivered ! this mailing service is very profitable , and using this software , you can advertise that service to millions for free ! we also have cd roms with 60 million addresses to help you start . with your purchase , call i . m . c at : phone : ( 808 ) 876-1550 fax : ( 808 ) 878-6869 and place your order today while supplies last and we ' ll be happy to send you a demo copy and answer any questions you may have . or call us and we will give you our full service web site addresses to be removed from our mailing list or to be added to our "" global remove list "" simply go to : http : / / www . ctct . com all remove requests are respectfully immediately
",1
135,"Subject: need more money ?
 
 hi , would you like to earn an extra $ 700 a week . . . $ 2 , 800 a month just by mailing our business circulars from your home ? you can make this kind of money without even giving up your present job . we have created the most risk-free way to do this , and all you have to do is mail out our business circulars and get paid for your work . this exciting new home employment opportunity is so effective - yet quick and easy that your success is absolutely guaranteed ! we publish , sell and distribute information booklets , guides , reports , manuals and computer software all across canada and the united states . since we do the majority of our business by mail , we in turn send out thousands of our sales circulars each week . our company circulars are the sales letters / product offers that are sent out in response to customer inquiries . when you mail our circulars , you ' ll be greatly helping us by getting our offers out to more customers . you ' ll be taking part in the most remarkable opportunity available . our system of mailing circulars is very easy to operate . all you will be doing is taking copies of the standard , letter-sized ( 8 1 / 2 "" x11 "" ) circulars that we provide you with and fold them to fit into the envelopes you will receive . after you have folded and inserted the circulars into the envelopes , you just have to seal the envelopes and deposit them in your mail . you will not have to spend any time addressing envelopes or pay any postage costs to mail out our circulars , because all envelopes will arrive pre-addressed and with postage already in place . it should only take you a few hours a week . it 's as simple as that ! circular mailing is easy and pleasant work that is very profitable ! we have developed a legitimate and realistic money-making business system that is practical and uncomplicated . simple enough that anyone can take part in it regardless of education , age , physical ability or disability . our program is easy to understand , with step-by - step instructions that are sure to get you started quickly and with confidence . this is a highly fool-proof , tried , tested and proven method that you can run from the comfort and privacy of your own home - without any personal contact with anyone at any time . you can take part in our program any hour of the day . . . any day of the week . we do not require that you have any related experience to take part in our program . all that we want are serious minded people who can read and write simple english , and who are able to put in a few extra hours each week towards earning a great income . although you do n't need any experiance , it is important that you be ambitious and motivated because you will be working on your own - without supervision . it will be your responsibility to get your work done . you do not have to meet a certain quota each week , and we do not impose any restrictions on the amount of work that you choose to do . our circular mailing program allows you the complete flexibility to organize and choose your own work load and work schedule . you can work part-time or full-time , and you are always free to take a break from your work - planning your own time off . furthermore , you may quit the program at any time , since you will be an independent mailer and have no obligation to our company what-so - ever . home employment is wonderful . it can provide you with a great sense of accomplishment , pride and freedom - but you must remember to treat your work seriously and with respect . what you get out of our program is exactly what you put into it . earn as much or as little as you like - it 's all up to you . you can start the same day you receive our supplies and information package , and begin receiving money within 2 weeks time , and every week from then on for as long as you desire to participate in our program . thousands of people all over canada and the united states are making excellent money mailing circulars from their homes . you can join our successful network , of circular mailers and get your share of this money too ! it makes no difference if you live in a small town or a large city . as long as you can get to a mailbox to mail the circulars , you can participate in this great home income opportunity . anyone with a little common sense and a desire to succeed can take part in our program and earn excellent income for themselves in a very short period of time . one of the nicest things about our circular mailing program is hoe quickly it works . you can start the same day you receive our supplies and information package , and begin receiving money within 2 weeks time , and then for as long as you decide to participate in our program . imagine never having to leave your home while making more money in a few hours than a lot of people earn after a full week 's work ! in fact , you can be making great money in as little as 10 hours a week ! and remember , you do n't need any special education of experience . this program can work for anyone - regardless of background , age or location . just mail the circulars and spend the rest of the day enjoying yourself . imagine being able to work in the comfort of your own home , at your own pace and in your leisure with a simple system to earn $ 700 . 00 a week working only a few hours a week . . . it 's a great place to start . you really do n't have to work hard to get ahead in life - you just have to work smart . by following our easy steps , you will connect with making $ 700 a week - every week . we ' ll even show you how you can increase an income of $ 700 . 00 a week into as much as $ 1 , 000 . 00 a week or more with ease . it 's very simple and it 's very realistic . with the basic details we ' ve outlined , you ' ll easily see the incredible income potential right away . this program is so well thought out and developed that you cannot fail to make great money ! you ' ll be able to set up your operation so that you can have all the free time in the world to do with as you please , without anyone looking over your shoulder . if you choose , you ' ll only have to work at your affairs for about an hour or two a day , and these will turn out to be extremely easy , fun hours , with no boss snooping around and no one to answer to . believe this , after you spend the small amount of up-front time getting organized , setting up your own system , you ' ll soon realize that nothing could be easier , or offer you more privacy and personal freedom ! unlike others who you might see promoting the same old useless stuff - year in and year out , we have developed a unique approach which has never been released to the public by anyone else . cybermarketing is the only source for this valuable program . so please do n't confuse it with any of the other get-rich - quick schemes or ads you might see . if you ' re searching for an honest to goodness , legitimate , legal and spare time work at home opportunity , then your search has finally ended . this is a 100 % proven money - making program ! proven to make good money for everyone who uses it ! if you ' re like most folks , you ' re going to absolutely love our circular mailing program because it 's the most legitimate , "" on-the - level "" , easy to start , profitable work-from - home opportunity ever created ! we say this honestly because it really works ! you won't find any gimmicks , surprises or silly schemes . only valuable information that you ' ll need so you can quickly learn exactly what to do and how to do it ; and our proven , professionally written circulars . our circular mailing program can bring you all the money you need . when you receive our start up package in the mail , you will get all the supplies you need to get started right away including your personal information kit ( your complete instructional handbook ) and our business circulars . you will receive everything as promised . and do n't forget you will not have to pay postage costs to mail our circulars because envelopes will arrive completely addressed and with postage already in place . just mail out the circulars and receive pay cheques that are yours to spend any way you wish ! you can take part in our program for as long as you want . . . earn $ 700 a week for the rest of your life . we can only accommodate a limited number of people in our unique program . so if you are interested , please do not delay . send in your acceptance form as soon as you can . you have our guarantee that this program can change your life practically overnight . we know of no other home employment opportunity with the potential to make the great amounts of money that this program does . this is a complete home-based opportunity that really works . our only requirement is a one time only , fully refundable payment of only $ 27 . 00 . this payment covers the cost of your supplies and the processing of your membership . this is a one-time payment , you will not have to pay us any other costs to get additional materials . and because we ' re so sure that we have the right home employment opportunity for you , we are backing up our promises with our exclusive guarantee . . . $ 33 , 600 . 00 guarantee you can easily earn $ 33 , 600 . 00 in the next year with our program . in fact , we are so confident that you can make over $ 700 a week mailing out our circulars that we are going to offer you the most air-tight guarantee in existence . as soon as you receive our start up package in the mail , send out our circulars right away . if you do n't start earning a minimum of $ 700 a week within 30 days , simply return our materials for a complete refund . you either make $ 700 a week or your money back ! join our network of circular mailers today . we truly want to help you get started as quickly and as easily as possible . this program is designed for people who are serious about earning a substantial income . we are convinced that you will be absolutely thrilled when you see just how much money you can make with our program . we ' ve got your start-up kit all packaged up and ready to go . just give us the word and we ' ll have it out the door and on its way to you . if you follow our instructions , you will be well on your way to earning $ 700 per week by mailing circulars from home . just print and fill out the exclusive membership form at the bottom of this page and mail it in with your remittance and your order will be rushed to you right away by first class mail . we hope that you allow us the honor of being the ones who helped you to achieve long-term financial success and personal freedom . most sincerely , the staff at cybermarketing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - home mailers program order-form - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - please rush me my package of the home mailers program and the home business directory right away ! ! ! send $ 27 . 00 in u . s funds . ( includes postage & handling ) name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mail to : cybermarketing p . o . box # 563 address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ lindsay , ontario , canada , k9v 4s5 city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ zip / postal code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( orders payable by cheque please allow 4 - 6 weeks for delivery . ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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136,"Subject: what "" they "" do n't want you to find out ! !
 
 dear friend : if you have already responded to the following announcement a few days ago , that means your package is already on its way and it should be arriving soon ! if you have not responded to this before , please pay attention to it now . this is very important ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' important announcement important announcement ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' your future may depend on it ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! before you know about this ' important announcement ' , you must first read the following ' editorial excerpts ' from some important publications in the united states : new york times : "" in concluding our review of financial organizations to effect change in the 90 's , special attention should be called to a california based organization , ' world currency cartel ' . members of this organization are amassing hundred of millions of dollars in the currency market using a very legal method which has never been divulged to the general public . while their purpose is not yet known , their presence has most certainly been felt "" . nbc nightly news : "" members of ' world currency cartel ' , who always keep a low profile , are considered to be some of the most wealthiest people in north america "" . more excerpts later , but first let us give you this very "" important announcement "" : ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' we are glad to announce that for the first time and for a very short period of time , world currency cartel will instruct a limited number of people worldwide on ' how to convert $ 25 into one hundred of legal currency ' . we will transact the first conversion for you , after that you can easily and quickly do this on your own hundreds or even thousands of times every month . take advantage of this "" secret flaw "" ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * it is even more explosive than we have yet disclosed . while currency does fluctuate daily , we can show you ' how to convert $ 99 into $ 588 as many times as you want ' . that means , you will be able to exchange $ 99 , american legal currency dollars , for $ 580 of the same . you can do this as many times as you wish , every day , every week , every month . all very legal and effortlessly ! it takes only 5 to 10 minutes each time you do this . you can do this from home , office or even while traveling . all you need is an access to a phone line and an address . best of all , you can do this from any city on this earth ! ! ! again , we must reiterate , anyone can do this and the source is never-ending . for as long as the global financial community continues to use different currencies with varying exchange rates , the "" secret flaw "" will exist . > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > as we said earlier , we will do the first transaction for you and will show you exactly how to do this on your own , over and over again ! the amount of exchange you would do each time is entirely up to you . working just 2 to 10 hours a week , you can soon join the list of millionaires who do this on a daily basis many times a day . the transaction is so simple that even a high school kid can do it ! we at the world currency cartel would like to see a uniform global currency backed by gold . but , until then , we will allow a limited number of individuals worldwide to share in the unlimited profits provided for by the world currency differentials . we will espouse no more political views nor will we ask you to do so . we can say however , that our parent organization , nbt , benefits greatly by the knowledge being shared , as we ourselves , along with you , benefit likewise . your main concern surely will be , how you will benefit . as soon as you become a member , you will make transactions from your home , office , by telephone or through the mail . you can conduct these transactions even while traveling . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = do n't believe us ? experience it for yourself ! = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = unlike anyone else , we will assure you great financial freedom and you will add to our quickly growing base of supporters and join the list of millionaires being created using this very "" secret flaw "" in the world currency market . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = don ' t envy us , join us today ! ! ! = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' there is a one time membership fee of only $ 195 . but , if you join us by june 30 , 1998 , you can join us for only $ 25 administrative cost . your important documents , instructions , contact name / address , phone number and all other pertinent information will be mailed to you immediately . so take advantage of our anniversary date and join us today . ( if you are replying after june 30 , you must pay $ 195 . 00 for the membership fee . no exceptions , and no more e - mail inquiries please ) . upon becoming a member , you promise to keep all info . confidential ! ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ should you choose to cancel your membership for any reason , you must return all papers / documents for a refund within 60 days . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * important : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1 . . . please write your name & mailing address very clearly on a piece of paper or index card . 2 . . . below your mailing address , please write your e - mail address ( optional ) . 3 . . . at the top left hand corner , please write the words : "" new member "" 4 . . . attach a check or money order for $ 25 + $ 5 for the shipping of documents ( total = $ 30 . 00 ) payable to "" nbt "" and mail to : nbt po box 1129 union , nj 07083-1129 * if outside us add an additional $ 10 ( total = $ 40 . 00 , international money orders only ) } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } here are some more "" editorial excerpts "" : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ wall street : "" a discreet group of americans , operating under the guise of world currency cartel have recently begun making rumbles in world finance market . while at this time , their game is not completely known , they certainly will be watched by those making major moves in the currency contracts "" . financial week : "" watch them , monitor them , extract their knowledge and try to become one of them . that is the soundest financial advice we could give to anyone "" . national business weekly : "" while this reporter has been left in the cold as to its method of operation , we have been able to confirm that ' world currency cartel ' and its members are literally amassing great fortunes overnight "" . end $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ we thankfully credit diamond int . for the content of this important announcement !
",1
137,"Subject: this web site is your internet gold mine $ $ $
 
 remove instructions below . visit our web site at : http : / / www . interwise . cc this web site is your internet gold mine $ $ $ unlimited toll free tech support for all our products imc is the largest internet software company in the country we carry all internet software programs available and we guarantee to beat any price ! call 808-876 - 1550 the cutting edge of e-mail technology : "" express mail server "" from imc for only $ 275 for a limited time only ! this is the best of all e-mail programs , we know we have tried them all . if your reading this message , that only proves it works you will not find it anywhere for less you can download a demo for free from our full service web site , complete with step by step instructional tutorial ! try before you buy ! we know you will love it ! it 's a bulk e-mailers dream come true , at last ! the same software goes for $ 695 . 00 ! you can also get it for $ 495 . 00 from l . s . enterprises you can call : 808-876 - 1550 and get more information or order a copy today for $ 275 ( for a limited time only ) . or fax your order / info request to : ( 808 ) 878-6869 ( include your name , phone number , e-mail address ) visit our web site at : http : / / www . interwise . cc ( if you can't log into the site just call us , sometime the site is overloaded with hits ) we also have 60 million e-mail addresses and an excellent "" remove list "" service available for only $ 99 . we accept all major credit cards : visa * master card * american express * discover card we can also accept checks by fax ! simply fax your check to : 808-878 - 6869 so do n't hesitate , call today this offer is for a limited time only ! what is express mail server ? express mail server ( ems ) bulk e-mail software is the only thing that works . ems transforms your computer into a personal mail server . with no additional hardware , ems software will give you complete control of your mailings , because the mail you send will originate from your computer and be delivered directly into the mailbox of your recipient . since the mail originates from your computer , it is no longer necessary to use your internet service provider 's mail server . when you use the previous generation stealth or cloaking type programs , they work by uploading your mail to your provider 's mail server . they can also be programmed to send mail through other providers mail servers without authorization ( this is considered theft of service ) . the problem is , the previous generation stealth type programs upload the messages faster than these mail servers can process them . many times this causes a provider 's mail server to bog down and crash . obviously , this will make providers furious with you . furthermore , you may think that you are sending hundreds of thousands of messages , unfortunately , most of it simply gets filtered and deleted by the mail server . you are lucky to get 10 % - 20 % of that mail delivered . with ems software your computer emulates a mail server and you actually control and watch all your mail being delivered piece by piece . there is a 100 % delivery rate with this program anywhere on the internet . we did say 100 % delivery rate to any internet email addresses . a bold claim but it is true . this is the latest technical advance in bulk email since the advent of the stealth type programs . this program verifies domains and validity of email addresses before sending mail . this dramatically reduces your bounced back undeliverables . bounced back undeliverables can sure bog down a server . you can also control where you want any bounced back mail to go . it can go to any email address you want with ems . ems can work with any dial up internet account , ( aol is not considered a dial up internet account ) an isdn line or a t - 1 or t - 3 . it runs on windows 95 or nt . we have not heard of any person losing a dial up account with this software . one reason bulk email is so frowned upon with numerous isp 's ( internet service providers ) is people try to send as much mail as they can , as quick as they can and crash the mail server of the isp . this won't happen with ems software since you do n't since you do n't use the mail server of the isp to send your mail . the program actually sends the mail directly from your computer , which is now , a bona fide mail server , to the recipients mail server avoiding any potential blocks that would prevent you from reaching those on your mailing list . you do not have to "" forge "" headers or randomize anything to have 100 % of your mail delivered , although the program does allow for randomization and customizing of headers . you can send mail omitting the "" to "" "" from "" and "" reply to "" portions of your headers . want to send out your messages in color . this is not a problem with ems . just select a font color with your mouse , and then click on a background color as well . want to make your font bold or put it into italics , just point and click . want your message centered or shifted left or right , once again just point and click . unlike all of the others , ( which are all the same , but go by different names ) this software is very straightforward and easy to use . if you can log on to aol , you already know more about computers than you 'd need to use ems . we also provide technical support by phone to answer any questions you may have . ems works with any windows 95 or nt computer . it requires no additional hardware or software . the ems software sends at speeds up to 80 , 000 messages per hour delivered using a modest pentium and a 28 . 8 modem . rates will dramatically increase with an isdn or cable modem and of course with a t - 1 they will be even faster . if you want to take advantage of this breakthrough in bulk email technology give us a call on the number below . we do n't plan on repeat mailings for this product so take advantage of this opportunity . the cost to you is $ 275 . 00 ! money well spent if you consider that you can buy stealth ( or the many others like it . . . they all operate the same way ) for $ 400 . you might be happy with stealth if you do n't mind frequent loss of dial-up accounts , and lot of complaints . not getting a lot of your mail delivered due to blocks and crashed mail servers deleting your mail , along with the resulting low response rate from your mailings , all of which defeated the purpose of e-mailing in the first place ! few people are aware of this new technology , so you are already leaps and bounds ahead of any competition . using this , you can sell anything you wish , over and over . also , consider that you may decide to offer a mailing service to others . you ' ve probably gotten e-mails that claim they can send your advertisement e-mail for a cost of $ 200 per 100 , 000 . what most people do n't realize is that only 20 or 30 of the mail they pay these people to get sent actually gets delivered ! this mailing service is very profitable , and using this software , you can advertise that service to millions for free ! we also have cd roms with 60 million addresses to help you start . with your purchase , visit our web site at : http : / / www . interwise . cc ( if you can't log into the site just call us , sometime the site is overloaded with hits ) call i . m . c at : phone : ( 808 ) 876-1550 fax : ( 808 ) 878-6869 and place your order today while supplies last and we ' ll be happy to send you a demo copy and answer any questions you may have . or call us and we will give you our full service web site addresses * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to be removed from our mailing list or to be added to our "" global remove list "" simply go to : http : / / www . ctct . com all remove requests are respectfully processed immediately * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",1
138,"Subject: psoriasis - clear it up now ! !
 
 if you , a friend or , a relative suffer from the embarrassment of psoriasis , this site may be of interest to you . http : / / 209 . 117 . 58 . 11 / psoriasis if not , we apologize for any intrusion .
",1
139,"Subject: viagra ! !
 
 america ya gifts inc . 179 maiden lane , san francisco , ca 94108 - ( 415 ) 392-3768 fax ( 415 ) 392-5737 e - mail : rsilva2685 @ aol . com viagra the new sex drug for men is now available . if you or someone you know is impotent , or if you aren t impotent but would just like to really enhance your sexual experience viagra is the answer . just one pill taken an hour before you plan to have sex turns you into a roaring tiger for over an hour . viagra makes you perform and feel like you are 18 again . order now because supplies are running short . the price is $ 500 . 00 for a bottle of 30 pills . each pill is 100mg . include $ 20 . 00 postage and handling . warning : this drug should not be used by anyone taking medication for a heart condition or high blood pressure . to order please e-mail or fax back the following information . name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp . date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ no . of bottles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amount _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( required if faxing ) all orders are shipped us postal express within 3 days of receipt of your order form . refund available only on unopened containersthat are returned within 10 days after shipping date . return authorization required on all returns . a return authorization can be requested by e - mail or fax . [
",1
140,"Subject: sumiko 's ad
 
 * * * * * hello , i ' m sumiko from san francisco , california and have just joined always - friends a few days ago . i 'd love to meet a nice man . please see my ad : http : / / 209 . 196 . 132 . 204 / sumiko . htm and if you are a single woman like me who wishes to have a own personal ad , simply contact the always - friends at : ads @ always-friends . org _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sincerely yours , sumiko b .
",1
141,"Subject: a unique email advertisement
 
 hello the following information is not meant to spam or upset anyone , that is why we include advertisement in the subject line to give you an option to delete before you open the message . we are a reliable internet company that does full internet marketing . whatever your needs to market your business or product , a . i . m . can help you achieve your success . please do not treat this as just another piece of junk mail , we are aimed to your success . a . i . m . was established in 1994 and has helped many people on the internet market their business and products successfully . we do not sell random bulk email lists , nor do we advertise adult sites or chain letters . right now the largest form of communication is done through the internet , and 1998 will be another record breaking year . there are over 60 million people that have internet access world wide , and that number continues to rise at a rate of over 40 , 000 per month . the best way to market any product or service is through the internet , and random bulk mail is not the way to go . you may ask , why am i sending you this one piece of email ; to get my information out so that others can follow the same practices of internet advertising . the internet community would benefit from direct advertising ! now you ask what can we offer you . . . . . custom targeted email addresses no matter what your target is , we can compile a great list for you of people or businesses that are interested in what you offer . say , for instance , you would like to send a newsletter out to people interested in mlm ; we can compile a list for you of people currently involved in mlm . if you would like a list of people looking for a business opportunity , we can compile that list for you . you tell us your target ; we will compile that list . we can even target your list geographically . example . . . if your business is selling cd s , and your company is based in ny ; we can gather a list of people in ny interested in cd s . we have a client that is involved in mlm , who asked us to target 1000 opportunity seekers to start . to his surprise he got 7 new people in his downline from just that one mailing . another client wanted to send a letter out to birdwatchers . we targeted 5000 birdwatchers for him ; and he , also , became a very happy client of ours . we have targeted . . investors , businesses , international addresses , women , men , age groups , cites , states , doctors , lawyers , etc . . . . some of our clients are getting results of 1-40 % . targeted mailings start at $ 50 per thousand , and we can offer you a better price at higher quantities . complete pricing for targeted email 1000 targeted email addresses $ 50 for us to email $ 50 = $ 100 2000 targeted email addresses $ 85 for us to email $ 85 = $ 170 5000 targeted email addresses $ 250 ( no charge for us to email ) 10000 targeted email addresses and we mail $ 500 100000 targeted email addresses and we mail $ 1 , 000 1 million guaranteed targeted email addresses and we mail $ 5 , 000 we offer a guarantee that our lists will be targeted to your topic . we keep a master file on all of our clients so if you order again you will never get any duplicate addresses from us emailing we can do the email for you and have all of the replies come directly to your email address . if you prefer to do the mailing yourself , we sell email software as well . here is a few : rapid fire mail server . . . . turns your computer into a mail server $ 495 . 00 ( free demo ) stealth mass mailer . . . sends out email at a rate of 100 , 000 + per hour $ 395 . 00 ( free demo ) mail pusher . . . . the newest in bulk email software ( great program ) $ 300 . 00 ( free demo ) other services offered by a . i . m . website marketing package we can place your website to the top of any given search engine . our best results come from infoseek . guarantee top 10 listing . $ 300 . 00 first month $ 300 . 00 every month there after complete web marketing package ( 1 ) targeted emails in the amount of 200 , 000 per week ( 2 ) posting your website to bbs ( internet bulletin board systems related to your topics ) ( 3 ) url links to other sites related to your topics ( 3 ) newsgroup postings ( 1000 ) per month ( 4 ) banner ads to related subject searches ( 5 ) website submissions to the search engines with a guaranteed 1st page placement to infoseek and submissions to the other top 8 as well as 400 other search engines all of the postings , submissions , banner ad and url advertising will be done with your reply email address so that you have a copy of every placement and you know where your ads are on the internet . total price for complete marketing package $ 2500 . 00 per month if you have a business , product , or just want to get your information out ; you have no need to look any further . a . i . m . is here to help ! ! now as you can see we are a full service company , and we can help you with any of your advertising needs . please call us toll free at 1-800 - 942-7913 today ! we look forward to hearing from you and are happy to answer any questions that you may have . once again , we give you our guarantee that this is the only piece of email that you receive from us . we wish you success now and in the future ! again our toll free number is 800-942 - 7913 our fax # 732-367 - 2229 we accept . . . visa / mastercard / american express or check by fax thank you
",1
142,"Subject: = = = = = = = one very affordable dental offer = = = = = = =
 
 click here to get info on a very affordable dental / optical plan type or copy and paste the following address into your browser if your email is not html capable : http : / / 209 . 84 . 246 . 119 / opk / dental1 . htm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [ this message is not intended for residents in the state of washington , screening of addresses has been done to the best of our technical ability . if you are a washington resident or otherwise wish to be removed from this list , click here to go to global remove site if you want your address removed from mailing ]
",1
143,"Subject: did i get the right email address ?
 
 "" show me the money ! "" . . . . . . . . . . . . not a problem ! i am about to share with you a unique opportunity to start a very successful business or take an existing one to new heights . by taking advantage of the following breakthrough knowledge in marketing trends , you will soon discover the art of . . . "" how to really make money on the information superhighway ! "" some of you may already be marketing a product online . maybe you are even making a sizeable profit ! whatever the case may be , no matter how successful you are right now , my guess is that your bank account is still not overflowing and more money with less work peaks your interest . fact 1 : anyone who has the drive to succeed can actually make a sizable profit on the internet . fact 2 : few people are willing to take the time to actually do it . fact 3 : these people are crazy ! ! seriously friends . . . why would people want to pass up an extremely valuable money making opportunity ? many people think that marketing on the internet takes more time than any human being can spare . "" there is so much to learn "" some say . "" i can't even find the time to check my e - mail , how will i ever learn enough about the internet to make money ? "" others quote . the fact is that in many cases this us true , there is a wealth of information on the internet about how to "" market "" this and how to "" sell "" that . unless you know what to look for , it can become an endless maze of dead ends and wasted time . now think about this . . . what if ? i could provide you with an incredible marketing package that encompasses all the "" how to "" information you need to be a success on the internet . this phenomenal package includes detailed internet secrets ( we do n't hold anything back , its all here folks ! ! ) , which explains in detail how to profit from the internet explosion . whether you have a business of your own or you want to start one . it 's filled with over 45 packed pages revealing the secrets about electronic marketing so many other online marketers don ' t want you to know . i thought that might interest you . let me explain . right now there are over eighty million people surfing the internet . by the year 2000 , that figure is expected to more than double . with so many people using the internet , smart "" net "" repreneur 's are taking advantage of what this new ( in terms of true commercial application ) and exciting medium has to offer . the internet presents one of the best ways to make money that has ever been introduced . on any given day you have the opportunity to present your message to more than eighty million people ! that 's right . . . eighty million people . that is more people than one multi million dollar advertisment reaches at the super bowl . this is the reason so many businesses are scrambling to make their presence known on the internet . not only does the internet let you reach these people , it lets you pitch these people on your product or services . that means it gives you the abillity to sell . . sell . . sell ! ! it also gives you the resurces you need to make excellent money . and we do mean excellent money ! ! ! consider the possibilities : you wake up each morning at your leisure and put on a pot of coffee . as you sip on your cup of hot "" brew "" you saunter over and turn your computer on . then , as your monitor glows from dim to bright , you find that you have inquiries from all sorts of people requesting what you have to offer . later , after you have finished reading your inquiries , you stroll out to your mailbox . you find it is filled with letters from people from all across the world ! what 's even better though , is that the letters are filled with money ; cash , checks , and money orders . then , after tallying up the totals , you find that you have made anywhere between $ 200 to $ 1 , 000 and it is n't even one o ' clock in the afternoon . think of it : no boss , no traffic , and no annoying co - workers . would n't it feel great to wake up in the morning knowing you are going to be making excellent money but do n't have to leave your house to do it ! ? ! would n't your life be far less complicated ? the truth is , you can be one of those who become financially independent via the internet . and the best part is . . . it doesn ' t require a lot of money ! ! what it does require is the knowledge of how , what , and where to do it . that is where we can help . here at natural instincts , we provide you with the knowledge of how to begin earning substantial income from your computer via the "" information superhighway "" . we can remember how overwhelming the internet seemed when we were first introduced to it . we realized the marketing and profit potential the internet holds , but really had no idea how to pursue it . in our thirst for answers and knowledge , we purchased everything we could find that had information on the how , what , and where . we spent thousands of dollars , but we now know what works and what does n't . no where , in all of our searching , could we find a complete packet of information for all of our questions . that is why we decided to write this report . we have compiled every proven method and secret that we have learned along the way into one complete , easy to understand report . this proven report makes believers of skeptics ! sound too good to be true ? that 's what others have said . that is , until they received their reports and saw for themselves just how easy it is to make money on the net ! check out these satisfied customers . . . hi ni , i received your report and free bonuses last saturday and wanted to congratulate you on a job well done . i read through your report "" how to profit from the internet "" and i ' m very impressed . i have bought other books and manuals about online marketing , direct marketing , e - mail , mail order , etc . yours is the only one that explains the subject in an easy to understand language . i finally found the secrets i ' ve been looking for . once again , great job ! sincerely , john strand - satisfied customer my father has always told me , "" remember , michele , there is no free lunch in life . you get out of life what you put into it . "" through trial and error and a somewhat slow frustrating start , i purchased your report and finally figured out how to start a very profitable business from my home . your report is great , you give the average person the tools and secrets to succeed . i know my dad is very proud of me now . i can't thank you enough = ) michele b from oregon good morning , i hope this finds you well . i received your program yesterday after - noon and read it cover to cover . you have put together a very valuable resource indeed . i have finally found the program that tells all ! your program has given me the tools i need to succeed . your program could truly end up being the best $ 39 . 95 i ever spent ! your the best , i ' m making your manual into my internet bible ! ! thanks a million ! best regards , mary w florida to whom it may concern - i ' m usually the first person to write a negative criticism about a product , being a "" consumer advocate "" columnist for a well respected newspaper . to tell you the truth , i ordered your product to do an expose on internet scams . but , as i was reading through your manual , i discovered what truly valuable information your company has put together , and for an affordable price . it is very rare for a "" complaint columnist "" to give a good review , but for the first time , i need to tell you that your manual you have put together is outstanding ! ! ! i have wanted for the last few years to start a business on the net , but have been deathly scared of taking that step to get started . but then i discovered your manual and put the tips and secrets to work . i have n't been able to keep up with the orders , and it 's only my second month ! ! ! i can't wait to see where i will be in six months ! thank you , rick johnson alabama this is a wonderful opportunity , we urge you to take advantage of it . you won't find too many people that will give away all of their secrets ! ! the majority of the rich people today have copied what someone else is or has been doing . that is what we are offering you now - - a chance to copy our success ! ! it is very easy and we are for real ! here 's a little more incentive to check this out . . . ~ if you order within 3 days ~ we will send you : * * * * free $ 400 bulk e-mail software * * * * * * * * free $ 200 check by phone , fax , e - mail software * * * * * * * * free $ 10 calling card * * * * - - - - plus - - - - we will send you a list of over 100 major search engines ready to surf on the internet or to place a free link to your web page . also , you will receive a list of 98 of the best inexpensive newspapers to advertise in ( u . s . orders only ) . the list is complete with papers name , city , phone number , circulation and frequency ( daily or weekly ) . we will also include five free bonus reports that include these topics : how to protect your pc from viruses how to get 300 + quality prospect to e - mail you weekly tips and secrets to advertising with the major online services what 's wrong with the world wide web tax advantages for the home business owner . you will find that these five reports by themselves are worth thousands of dollars to you . these bonuses alone are worth several times the cost of the report . we will also give you a secret list of over 1500 of the best web sites where you can place a free advertisement . this is a list we use every day to run our business and we are giving it to you ! imagine what a great offering we are giving you for free ! and we ' re not through , if you order right now , we will give you 15 free "" how to reports "" that you are free to market and sell on the internet or through mail order for $ 15-30 each . they are 45-60 informational packed pages each . a great way to start your own net based business ! the topics are ; 1 ) earn extra dollars with a home based answering machine 2 ) how to buy a car with bad credit 3 ) how to make thousands of dollars winning contests 4 ) u . s . government auction sales 5 ) an insider 's guide to finding and obtaining grant money 6 ) home based business for fun and profit 7 ) how to get a job fast 8 ) how to make money without leaving your house 9 ) how to turn the hobby of photography into thousands 10 ) making money at garage sales , swap meets , and flea markets 11 ) how to get paid for watching tv 12 ) getting your start in theater , television , and movies 13 ) wills or trusts ? the case for living trusts 14 ) how to find work with the federal government 15 ) how to write almost anything and get paid for it ! 50 , 000 email addresses for free that 's right , we will give you our best private list of 50 , 000 email addresses . this list of addresses has been put through our remove and undeliverable lists so that it is fresh and responsive . we are constantly adding and taking addresses out of it . it is absolutely the best 50 , 000 email addresses you will ever get your hands on , bar none ! ( please note : we are only giving this bonus to the first 50 people , so do n't wait ! ! ! ) so you are probably thinking to yourself , this is wonderful , but how much ? $ 149 . 95 , $ 99 . 95 maybe even $ 79 . 95 ? you may have seen other companies marketing "" how to "" information on the internet and charging these prices . people are actually buying these packages at these prices . why ? people want to know how to market a product or service the "" right "" way on the internet . "" how to profit from the internet "" could easily sell for any of the above prices . however , we feel that we would rather help those who may not have the ability to pay such a price in order to be successful . that is why we are offering "" how to profit from the internet "" at the low price of $ 39 . 95 . that 's right , that was not a typo . . . $ 39 . 95 . i have sold this package at much higher prices in the recent past and will be forced to raise my prices in the very near future . one of the things you will learn in my course is to constantly test your market . i am currently in the price testing phase of this marketing campaign . on july 1st , 1998 , i will be raising the price of this package back up to $ 49 . 95 and eventually up to $ 79 . 95 to test the upscale market . if you act quickly , you have the opportunity to get these materials today for the unbelievable low price of $ 39 . 95 . still skeptical ? ? ? lets put that to rest right now . we will make this completely risk free for you . if you are not 100 % satisfied with the information you receive , and believe that you cannot use it to start a successful business or increase your current business profits , return it within 30 days and we will refund your money . no questions asked ! ! are we nuts ? no , it just shows how confident we are that you ' ll be delighted with the information you ' ll have . . . just like the others who are already using the information and making money . you will be surprised how quickly you can be earning money on the internet ! so , if you are seriously interested in learning how to acquire wealth by being online , act now ! ! this won't last for long ! print out this form and mail it to the address below , with your $ 39 . 95 cash , check , money order or credit card information . natural instincts 4676 commercial st . se suite 201 salem , oregon 97302 thank you = ) * * * * please print out the order form and mail it along with your payment * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * order form * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ website address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ deliver "" how to profit from the internet "" to the following email address : e-mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( please note , all orders must include an email address incase we encounter a problem with processing . the 50 , 000 email addresses will be sent to you by email ) area code and phone number : day time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ evening : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [ ] if you prefer to have the report on disk , please check here . please include an additional $ 3 . 00 for shipping and handling , thank you . ( if you reside outside the united states , please include $ 2 . 00 extra ) please check one of the following : [ ] i ' m ordering within 3 days , please send my free software , $ 10 . 00 calling card , 15 how to reports , "" how to profit from the internet "" and free bonuses including 50 , 000 email addresses for the unbelievably low price of $ 39 . 95 today . [ ] i ' m not ordering within the first 3 days of receiving this letter , so i agree to pay $ 39 . 95 for "" how to profit from the internet "" by itself , less the bonus package . [ internal code 138702a ] this code must be on order form to be processed ! ! ! payment method : [ ] check [ ] cash [ ] money order [ ] credit card , please make sure to include the mailing address above ! [ ] visa [ ] mastercard [ ] american express [ ] discover name of credit card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name as it appears on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _ _ signature of card holder : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * "" in mail-order work , anyone with imagination , determination , and a willingness to study and experiment may have very little difficulty getting started . a number of the most successful one-man operations obtain an income as high as $ 40 , 000 to $ 100 , 000 a year . "" - u . s . department of commerce * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the market is here - today ! take advantage of it ! ! ! ! ! after you receive your report , i ' ll answer any questions time permits via email . i ' m looking forward to helping you succeed !
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144,"Subject: you deserve a break !
 
 dear nlpeople , you deserve a great vacation ! how does a 7 night cruise to alaska aboard the prestigious celebrity cruises sound ? imagine yourself on an all inclusive vacation , enjoying all of the great activities , and experiencing some of the most breathtaking scenery on the earth ! all of this and more for a special offer of only $ 799 . 00 ! ! ! we are a full service travel agency since 1958 dedicated to making your next vacation a great success ! for more details , click here - http : / / www . srtrav . com / alaska . htm to take advantage of this great offer , please respond to me at wylddave @ yahoo . com and put ' alaska ' in the subject line . i will then make sure you get this great price . if you have a group of 15 or more , let me know and i can get you an extra special offer ! ! we look forward to serving you ! ! dave lund at santa rosa travel note : in order to benefit from this spectacular email-only offer , rooms are available for reservation until may 15 , 1998 or as they last , whichever comes first .
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145,"Subject: free music , audio books , news , and software
 
 listen up ! every day thousands of music lovers , news hounds , book worms and information junkies are downloading free audio over the internet . it 's fast , easy and totally free ! would you like to join them ? click a highlighted link below to check it out for yourself ! http : / / www . mis-soft . com / rtr2 . cgi ? awy = 980611 = tp1 = vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx ( if your mail reader does not support clickable links , copy the url into your web browser . ) check out these fun and informative free audio clips that are only one-click away . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - music : click on the highlighted url below to go there now ! http : / / www . mis-soft . com / rtr2 . cgi ? awy = 980611 = mc4 = vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx with a total of 10 music categories , including : jazz , new age , reggae , popular , classical , and rock & roll - - you ' ll be sure to find something to tap your mouse to . miranda lee richards - - have you heard her yet ? check out the "" unsigned bands "" area of the music section to personally discover today 's up-and - coming artists . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - audio books : click on the highlighted url below to go there now ! http : / / www . mis-soft . com / rtr2 . cgi ? awy = 980611 = bk2 = vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx download and listen to a wide range of fiction , non fiction , best sellers and classics all free . today 's feature audio book is "" t . rex and the crater of doom "" . join berkeley geologist walter alverez , as he tells the tale of an asteroid larger than mt . everest that slammed into the earth , forcing the eventual extinction of dinosaurs from our planet . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - audio casts : click on the highlighted url below to go there now ! http : / / www . mis-soft . com / rtr2 . cgi ? awy = 980611 = cs3 = vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx make a daily ritual of downloading fun and informative clips like : old time radio - - experience the radio broadcasts of old like "" gunsmoke "" , "" the lone ranger "" , and "" dimension x "" as they return to life with the same intrigue and suspense that captured the imagination of an entire generation . star date - - get to know your universe a little better with stardate - a fact filled guide to the night sky from the mcdonald douglas observatory . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - audio news : click on the highlighted url below to go there now ! http : / / www . mis-soft . com / rtr2 . cgi ? awy = 980611 = nw5 = vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx npr 's morning edition - - keep informed with "" morning edition "" from national public radio . bob edwards hosts this popular daily news show that offers in-depth reporting and analysis of the days news and events . do n't forget to check out newseek , ap , cnet radio , and 24 - hour satellite news - - all free . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - free audiowiz software listen whenever you want audiowiz will let you really take control of your audio world . the cd - like interface and the single-click download features will have you up and running in no time . it 's real fast , and it ' s free ! click a highlighted link below to get audiowiz for free , and to check out all of the great free audio . http : / / www . mis-soft . com / rtr2 . cgi ? awy = 980611 = in6 = vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx ( if your mail reader does not support clickable links , copy the url into your web browser . ) p . s . the audio selection keeps growing did we mention free news on the hour ? the latest , hottest business and national news - - direct from our satellite feed to your desktop via free audiowiz software . p . p . s . : did we mention that all of these timely , exciting , and highly relevant digital audio clips are always yours to download for free ? click a highlighted link below to check it out now ! http : / / www . mis-soft . com / rtr2 . cgi ? awy = 980611 = en7 = vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx ( if your mail reader does not support clickable links , please copy the url into your web browser . ) * audiowiz also requires 16mb ram , 10mb available hard disk space , ms internet explorer 3 . 0 or netscape navigator 3 . 0 , and a pc with audio capability . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if you received this message in error , or do not wish to receive further updates and offers , please : click below to remove yourself from this mailing . http : / / www . mis-soft . com / cgi-bin / rem ? vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx or reply via email with "" remove "" as the subject . copyright 1998 asset max
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146,"Subject: free trial membership
 
 the latest in adult technology ! ! ! brand new xxx adult site free trial membership please visit the latest in live video conferencing . 1000 channels of hardcore ! ! live rooms ! ! ! young dancers ! ! ! large picture gallery ! thousands of pictures ! ! come and visit our site for a great experience . http : / / www . sexxxybodies . com * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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147,"Subject: 50 % return on investment . . .
 
 profit from the breakup of america 's largest monopoly . $ 200 million extra a year increase in economic growth . own a piece of this exploding market . over 50 % annual returns with residual income . ira / sep qualified . for complete details : click here t
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148,"Subject: secrets of the internet
 
 making millions - secrets of the internet yes . i am going to reveal in detail and with internetlinks all of the secrets of the internet that can make you rich - rich - rich . this is a result of years of research . my research . days and nights until the wee hours of the morning searching and compiling data . i knew that some people were getting rich using the internet for relatively little investment . now i know how . i am willing to share it with you but that can change at any moment . frankly , many people are trying to shut me down . and i am getting a little worn from it all . so get this info while you can . why am i not keeping these secrets to myself and using them to make millions . in fact , i am using them at this time and that is how i know that they work . i am making them available to you because no one else will and that creates a business opportunity for me . simple as that . if you feel nervous about investing a few dollars to make millions then simply do not do it . enough said . $ 19 . 95 - making millions - secrets of the internet - part one * * * how to setup a web server on your home pc for free * * * the first step to making millions on the internet is to setup your own web server so you can host your site and send and receive email with the least interference . i show you how to get free web server software and how to control your site remotely and keep it up all the time without expensive equipment . i will show you how to make your home computer into a cash generating internet storefront . $ 99 . 95 - making millions - secrets of the internet - part two ( including part one ) * * * how to market to millions of internet users thru 20 , 000 news groups * * * the second step to making millions on the internet is to have the proper software and the proper methods to use the news groups to market your products . if you attempt to use your browser to access news groups it will probably take your over 100 years to access them all . that is why the proper software is a necessity . and if you have the proper software and do not observe the proper ettiquete then you will get thrown off your isp ( internet service provider ) within hours . i will point you to both the proper software to access thousands of news groups a minute and to market to the news groups without getting the boot from your isp . $ 199 . 95 - making millions - secrets of the internet - part three ( including part one and part two ) * * * how to market to over 60 million internet users thru bulk e - mail * * * the third step to making millions on the internet is to have the proper software and the proper methods to use the bulk email to market your products . if you attempt to use your browser to send bulk email it will probabbly take your over 1000 years to send lists of 60 million plus . that is why the proper software is a necessity . and if you have the proper software and do not observe the proper ettiquete then you will get thrown off your isp ( internet service provider ) within hours . i will show you where to buy good bulk email , how to build your own lists while you sleep and how to send your bulk emai without getting the boot from your isp . $ 279 . 95 - making millions - secrets of the internet - part four ( including part one and part two and part three ) * * * how to use subliminal methods for effective banner advertising * * * the final step to making millions on the internet is effective banner advertising . it is not enough to put something up and pray . i will show you how to incorporate subliminal technology into your banner advertising to literally make people click on your ad and come to your site . and i will show you how to literally make them buy your products with these same techniques . how do you order ? make your check or money order payable to : "" secrets of the internet "" 11470 euclid avenue - suite 525 cleveland , oh 44106 usa be sure to put your email address on your check or money order and i will email your secrets of the internet immediately . order ' part four ' before july 1 , 1998 and get 61 million fresh email addresses for free ! ! !
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149,"Subject: re : free phonesex ( 664 ) 410-4332
 
 dear sir / madam : due to our 1 year aniversary , we are giving you a free treat ! for the next month you can call the number below and have free phonesex ! the first two hours of any of your calls in the next month will be * * * * * absolutely free ! ! no questions asked ! * * * * * so pick up the phone and call ( 664 ) 410-4332 now ! our girls are hot , young , blond , horny and want to play with you now ! call ( 664 ) 410-4332 now ! !
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150,"Subject: returns you have asked for
 
 america 's largest monopoly shattered ! ! ! ! ! new growth market 2 1 / 2 times size of telephone industry now open to general public . over 50 % returns . ira approved . more details and short video presentation here http : / / 205 . 134 . 183 . 46 / fpc / alt . html
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151,"Subject: check this out , it 's worth a look .
 
 wayward teens they can't keep their damn clothes on ! ! ! we ' ve captured it on film , and we ' re giving it away ! for the next two weeks only ! ! ! come to , http : / / 209 . 84 . 246 . 106 / amateur / you can also copy and paste the above url . * this site contains adult subject matter . do not access if under 21 years of age ! to be removed from our mailing list go to : http : / / 194 . 190 . 221 . 199 / remove . html
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152,"Subject: create a new credit file legally in 30 days ! ! !
 
 how to create a new credit file in 30 days ! enjoy aaa credit in 1 month , using a 100 % legal method ! discover how to create a brand new credit file for yourself by taking advantage of the laws that governs the credit reporting agencies ! this unique and virtually unknown program is 100 % legal , and can work for you every time . this is your chance for a new start ! please understand : it does not matter what your credit past is , and best of all , the process is free ! these are the very same credit secrets that celebrities have used for years . these are the secrets that the credit bureaus don ' t want you to ever discover ! you see , credit bureaus and the government tell you that you are stuck with your credit history unless there are errors . in fact , it has been reported that as many as 70 % of all americans have problems with negative or incorrect information on their credit report . unfortunately , until now there has n't been a resource to turn to for easy-to - understand , unbiased information about how to get out of your messy credit . but , armed with this secret information , there are many things that you can do to improve your past credit record within the law ! after reading this book , you will start getting new credit cards and other lines of credit , to lease a car , get pre-approved credit card offers , or even get a mortgage on your dream house ! our proven techniques are detailed in a clear , step-by - step process . there is no guesswork because we lay out your plan for success in a way that will help you to change your credit record forever . just imagine : not having to be embarrassed about your credit problems anymore . but please do n't hesitate ! as we said , this is your chance for a fresh , new start ! new credit cards new car loans new bank loans new mortgage loans sparkling new aaa credit all this in just 30 days ! mail this or xanadu 1738 e . broadway ste . 412 long beach , ca . 90802 for more info you can reach our fax - on - demand center at : ( 562 ) 495-2784 _ _ _ please rush me your report on creating aaa credit in 30 days ! i want to receive the report at $ 12 . 50 last / first name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city / state / zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone no . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ check _ _ m . o . ( payable to : xanadu )
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153,"Subject: find out what "" they "" do n't want you to know !
 
 dear friend : if you have already responded to the following announcement a few days ago , that means your package is already on its way and it should be arriving soon ! if you have not responded to this before , please pay attention to it now . this is very important ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! important announcement important announcement ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' your future may depend on it ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! before you know about this ' important announcement ' , you must first read the following ' editorial excerpts ' from some important publications in the united states : new york times : "" in concluding our review of financial organizations to effect change in the 90 's , special attention should be called to a california based organization , ' world currency cartel ' . members of this organization are amassing hundred of millions of dollars in the currency market using a very legal method which has never been divulged to the general public . while their purpose is not yet known , their presence has most certainly been felt "" . nbc nightly news : "" members of ' world currency cartel ' , who always keep a low profile , are considered to be some of the most wealthiest people in north america "" . more excerpts later , but first let us give you this very "" important announcement "" : ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' we are glad to announce that for the first time and for a very short period of time , world currency cartel will instruct a limited number of people worldwide on ' how to convert $ 25 into one hundred of legal currency ' . we will transact the first conversion for you , after that you can easily and quickly do this on your own hundreds or even thousands of times every month . take advantage of this "" secret flaw "" ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * it is even more explosive than we have yet disclosed . while currency does fluctuate daily , we can show you ' how to convert $ 99 into $ 588 as many times as you want ' . that means , you will be able to exchange $ 99 , american legal currency dollars , for $ 580 of the same . you can do this as many times as you wish , every day , every week , every month . all very legal and effortlessly ! it takes only 5 to 10 minutes each time you do this . you can do this from home , office or even while traveling . all you need is an access to a phone line and an address . best of all , you can do this from any city on this earth ! ! ! again , we must reiterate , anyone can do this and the source is never-ending . for as long as the global financial community continues to use different currencies with varying exchange rates , the "" secret flaw "" will exist . > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > as we said earlier , we will do the first transaction for you and will show you exactly how to do this on your own , over and over again ! the amount of exchange you would do each time is entirely up to you . working just 2 to 10 hours a week , you can soon join the list of millionaires who do this on a daily basis many times a day . the transaction is so simple that even a high school kid can do it ! we at the world currency cartel would like to see a uniform global currency backed by gold . but , until then , we will allow a limited number of individuals worldwide to share in the unlimited profits provided for by the world currency differentials . we will espouse no more political views nor will we ask you to do so . we can say however , that our parent organization , ndml , benefits greatly by the knowledge being shared , as we ourselves , along with you , benefit likewise . your main concern surely will be , how you will benefit . as soon as you become a member , you will make transactions from your home , office , by telephone or through the mail . you can conduct these transactions even while traveling . do n't believe us ? experience it for yourself ! ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; unlike anyone else , we will assure you great financial freedom and you will add to our quickly growing base of supporters and join the list of millionaires being created using this very "" secret flaw "" in the world currency market . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * don ' t envy us , join us today ! ! ! ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' there is a one time membership fee of only $ 195 . but , if you join us by july 20 , 1998 date , you can join us for only $ 25 administrative cost . your important documents , instructions , contact name / address , phone number and all other pertinent information will be mailed to you immediately . so take advantage of our anniversary date and join us today . ( if you are replying after july 20 , you must pay $ 195 . 00 for the membership fee . no exceptions , and no more e - mail inquiries please ) . upon becoming a member , you promise to keep all infos confidential ! ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ should you choose to cancel your membership for any reason , you must return all papers / documents for a refund within 60 days . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ important : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1 . . . please write your name & mailing address very clearly on a paper 2 . . . below your mailing address , please write your e - mail address 3 . . . at the top left hand corner , please write the words "" new member "" 4 . . . attach a check or money order for $ 25 + $ 10 for the shipping and handling of documents ( total = $ 35 . 00 ) payable to "" ndml "" and mail to : ndml po box 311 milford , nj 08848 * if outside us add an additional $ 10 ( total = $ 45 . 00 , international money orders only ) } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } here are some more ' editorial excerpts ' : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ wall street : "" a discreet group of americans , operating under the guise of world currency cartel have recently begun making rumbles in world finance market . while at this time , their game is not completely known , they certainly will be watched by those making major moves in the currency contracts "" . financial week : "" watch them , monitor them , extract their knowledge and try to become one of them . that is the soundest financial advice we could give to anyone "" . national business weekly : "" while this reporter has been left in the cold as to its method of operation , we have been able to confirm that ' world currency cartel ' and its members are literally amassing great fortunes overnight "" . $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ end $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
",1
154,"Subject: they can even steal your identity !
 
 are you being investigated ? has your personal and credit information been stolen ? has someone assumed your identity ? would you like to locate an old friend , relative , military buddy or sweetheart ? do you want to find a person 's assets to collect a debt or judgement ? would you like to check a person 's criminal record before renting them space or giving them employment ? would you like to fix up your credit bureau report , create a new identity or even disappear ? are you going to have surgery ? would you like to know how many malpractice suits have been filed against your doctor ? now you can learn all this plus much , much more with our brand new 45 page report "" internet sleuth "" ! learn the internet tools and resources that are used to investigate you , your relatives , friends , neighbors , enemies , employees or anyone else ! we will give you thousands of internet locations to look up people , credit , social security , current or past employment , driving records , criminal records , medical information , military records , addresses , phone numbers , immigration , divorce , labor and criminal laws ! we will also give you sources to find missing children and parents , hazardous waste sites , how to do freedom of information act information searches , how to do skip tracing and backround checks on prospective dates , brides or grooms , employees , renters , vendors , new clients and competitors ! you will also learn about and where to get surveillance and spy devices , private mail forwarding and annonymous email forwarding sites , search for copyrights , patents and court cases and how to make your assets untraceable ! we will show you how to get copies of credit reports , adoption databases , information on drugs , poisons and how to get your share of government programs and benefits ! can you find this information by using the internet search engines ? the answer is maybe if you get lucky and if you want to spend many hours going through 25 , 000 plus hits per subject ! we and our staff have spent hundreds of hours and many thousands of dollars compiling this information for you ! now you can have it on a silver platter for less than twenty bucks during this special email promotion ! you frequently hear over the media , television , radio , the newspapers , how personal information is being used , traded and sold over the internet . . . usually without your permission or knowledge . our report will show you how it is done ! ! ! would you like to find that old romantic flame . . . find telephone , address or email information on almost anyone . . . even unlisted phone numbers ? how about your family "" tree "" ? we will teach you how to turn years of work into hours of fun ! military ? check army , navy , air force and marine records . extensive vietnamese war records , mia info , much more ! looking for a job ? find the job you are seeking . . . even in another state or another country ! we will teach you how ! looking for a new love interest or spouse or even sex partner ? we will show you where to look for fast results ! want up-to - the-minute health and medical information ? learn how to cure fears and phoebias , the latest drugs and treatments for almost any ailment or desease from the drug companies themselves as well as from universities and the center for desease control . want to learn the most effective way to loose weight ? it 's all here in our report ! if you believe that the information compiled about you should be as available to you as to the people that compile it about you without your knowledge or permission than you must order "" the internet sleuth report "" immediately ! our "" internet sleuth report "" is normally sold by direct mail for $ 39 . 95 and will soon be in book stores for $ 29 . 95 . however , to generate publicity and "" get the word out "" we are making this 10 day email special offer of our complete 45 page report for only $ 19 . 95 plus $ 3 for shipping and handling [ total $ 22 . 95 ] . sold with our 10 day money back guarantee ! this is the biggest bargain on the internet and the information it will give to you will give you great power ! it can really change your life in a positive way . order now ! the complete 45 page "" internet sleuth report "" only $ 19 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling - total $ 22 . 95 . shipped in plain wrapper by first class mail . add $ 5 for priority mail delivery . add $ 20 for overnight express ! we accept visa , mastercard , american express or discover . we can also accept your check by phone or fax . you may order by phone 9 am to 10 pm [ ny time ] by phoning [ 718 ] 287-3800 you may order by fax 24 hours per day by phoning our fax line at [ 718 ] 462-5920 . you can fax your credit card information or your check to email your order - do not hit reply on your keyboard send email to our special email address below : info1998 @ juno . com [ note : if you order by email and do not receive an email confirmation within 24 hours , please phone our office at 718-287 - 3800 ] you can also order by mail by sending $ 22 . 95 cash , check , money order or major credit card [ visa , mastercard , american express or discover ] to tcps , inc . 4718 18th ave . suite 135 brooklyn , ny 11204 make checks & money orders payable to tcps , inc . new york state residents please add $ 1 . 70 for sales tax the following order form is for your convenience ! use it by mail , fax or email ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please ship me _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ copies of the internet sleuth report at $ 19 . 95 each plus $ 3 . 00 for shipping and handling [ $ 22 . 95 ] signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp date _ _ _ _ _ _ ship to : name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ area code and home phone [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax # [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to remove your name from our mailing list , send us an email with remove in the subject line . this is a one time offer and you should not hear from us again ! tcps , inc . , 4718 18th ave . , suite 135 , brooklyn , ny 11204 office [ 718 ] 287-3800 fax [ 718 ] 462-5920 24 hours [ 9am to 10pm ny time ] [ c ] copyright 1998 tcps , inc . all rights reserved .
",1
155,"Subject: hello
 
 explode your buisiness . . . right now ! this is the break you have been waiting for you do n't want to trash this one warning : this is real ! ! pass this up lightly and you ' ll be making one of the most grave mistakes of your life read this twice ! ! ! ! ! please accept my apology if this was sent to you in error ! you are about to make at least $ 50 , 000 - in less than 90 days read the enclosed program . . . then read it again ! . . . hi , my name is jessy lemieux , and i am the one who sent you this e-mail ( if not , someone i sent this to decided to leave my statement ) . first , let me assure you that this is real . i am a senior in high school in victorville , ca ; just an average person just as you probably are , but am already beginning to become wealthy beyond what i have ever dreamed . i can understand if you dont believe me right now , but i urge you to take a little time to read this and maybe think about it for a few days . that s what i did . i recieved this same e-mail about two months ago . i was skeptical , but after some consideration i decided to go for it . i decided that the $ 20 needed to start was worth risking ( besides if it was a scam i was going to go to the police with the addresses below and get the guy running it busted so that he couldn t rip off anyone else ) . well , to my surprise , i received my reports ( you ll find out about those later ) within two weeks via e-mail . soon i got a po box and a list of two million e-mails ( all very easy ) and started sending emails through a bulk email program i downloaded . everything was easy after that , and the cash was rolling in . and thats my story ( i have no reason to lie to you , my address is below and the last thing i want is hate mail for the rest of my life ) . if you are still concerned , write me and i will answer any questions you have . this truly is the opportunity of a lifetime , don t let it pass you by . sincerely , jessy lemieux pres . w . o . w . incorporated dear friend , the enclosed information is something i almost let slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . my name is christopher erickson . two years ago , the corporation i worked at for the past twelve years down-sized and my position was eliminated . after unproductive job interviews , i decided to open my own business . over the past year , i incurred many unforeseen financial problems . i owed my family , friends , and creditors over $ 35 , 000 . the economy was taking a toll on my business and i just could n't seem to make ends meet . i had to refinance and borrow against my home to support my family and struggling business . i truly believe it was wrong for me to be in debt like this . at that moment something significant happened in my life and i am writing to share my experience in hopes that this will change your life forever . . . . financially ! ! ! in mid - december , i received this program via email . six months prior to receiving this program i had been sending away for information on various business opportunities . all of the programs i received , in my opinion , were not cost effective . they were either too difficult for me to comprehend or the initial investment was too much for me to risk to see if they worked or not . one claimed i 'd make a million dollars in one year . . . it did n't tell me i 'd have to write a book to make it . but like i was saying , in december of ' 96 i received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off a mailing list . thank goodness for that ! ! ! after reading it several times , to make sure i was reading it correctly , i could n't believe my eyes . here was a money-making phenomenon . i could invest as much as i wanted to start , without putting me further in debt . after i got a pencil and paper and figured it out , i would at least get my money back . after determining that the program is legal and not a chain letter , i decided "" why not "" . initially i sent out 10 , 000 emails . it only cost me about $ 15 . 00 for my time on-line . the great thing about email is that i did n't need any money for printing to send out the program , only the cost to fulfill my orders . i am telling you like it is , i hope it does n't turn you off , but i promised myself that i would not "" rip-off "" anyone , no matter how much money it cost me ! . in less than one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by january 13th , i had received 26 orders for report # 1 . when you read the guarantee in the program , you will see that "" you must receive 15 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks . if you don ' t , send out more programs until you do ! "" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in 20 to 90 days was done . by january 30th , i had received 196 orders for report # 2 . if you go back to the guarantee , "" you must receive 100 or more orders for report # 2 within two weeks . if not , send out more programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goal . "" well , i had 196 orders for report # 2 , 96 more than i needed . so i sat back and relaxed . by march 19th , of my emailing of 10 , 000 , i received $ 58 , 000 with more coming in every day . i paid off all my debts and bought a much needed new car . please take time to read the attached program , it will change your life forever ! remember , it wont work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place . it does n't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! report # 2 explains this . always follow the guarantee , 15 to 20 orders for report # 1 , and 100 or more orders for report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or more in 20 to 90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i ' m sorry . it really is a great opportunity with little cost or risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to financial security . if you are a fellow business owner and you are in financial trouble like i was , or you want to start your own business , consider this a sign . i did ! sincerely , christopher erickson ps do you have any idea what 11 , 700 $ 5 bills ( $ 58 , 000 ) look like piled up on a kitchen table ? it ' s awesome ! a personal note from the originator of this program by the time you have read the enclosed information and looked over the enclosed program and reports , you should have concluded that such a program , and one that is legal , could not have been created by an amateur . let me tell you a little about myself . i had a profitable business for ten years . then in 1979 my business began falling off . i was doing the same things that were previously successful for me , but it was n't working . finally , i figured it out . it was n't me , it was the economy . inflation and recession had replaced the stable economy that had been with us since 1945 . i do n't have to tell you what happened to the unemployment rate . . . because many of you know from first hand experience . there were more failures and bankruptcies than ever before . the middle class was vanishing . those who knew what they were doing invested wisely and moved up . those who did not , including those who never had anything to save or invest , were moving down into the ranks of the poor . as the saying goes , "" the rich get richer and the poor get poorer . "" the traditional methods of making money will never allow you to "" move up "" or "" get rich "" , inflation will see to that . you have just received information that can give you financial freedom for the rest of your life , with "" no risk "" and "" just a little bit of effort . "" you can make more money in the next few months than you have ever imagined . i should also point out that i will not see a penny of your money , nor anyone else who has provided a testimonial for this program . i have already made over four million dollars ! i have retired from the program after sending out over 16 , 000 programs . now i have several offices which market this and several other programs here in the us and overseas . by the spring , we wish to market the ' internet ' by a partnership with america on line . follow the program exactly as instructed . do not change it in any way . it works exceedingly well as it is now . remember to email a copy of this exciting program to everyone that you can think of . one of the people you send this to may send out 50 , 000 . . . and your name will be on every one of them ! . remember though , the more you send out , the more potential customers you will reach . so my friend , i have given you the ideas , information , materials and opportunity to become financially independent , it is up to you now ! "" think about it "" before you delete this program from your mailbox , as i almost did , take a little time to read it and really think about it . get a pencil and figure out what could happen when you participate . figure out the worst possible response and no matter how you calculate it , you will still make a lot of money ! definitely get back what you invested . any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . it works ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc here ' s how this amazing program will make you $ $ $ $ $ $ let 's say that you decide to start small , just to see how it goes , and we ' ll assume you and all those involved send out 2 , 000 programs each . let 's also assume that the mailing receives a . 5 % response . using a good list the response could be much better . also many people will send out hundreds of thousands of programs instead of 2 , 000 . but continuing with this example , you send out only 2 , 000 programs . with a . 5 % response , that is only 10 orders for report # 1 . those 10 people respond by sending out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 20 , 000 . out of those . 5 % , 100 people respond and order report # 2 . those 100 mail out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 200 , 000 . the . 5 % response to that is 1 , 000 orders for report # 3 . those 1 , 000 send out 2 , 000 programs each for a 2 , 000 , 000 total . the . 5 % response to that is 10 , 000 orders for report # 4 . that 's 10 , 000 five dollar bills for you . cash ! ! ! ! your total income in this example is $ 50 + $ 500 + $ 5000 + $ 50 , 000 for a total of $ 55 , 550 ! ! ! ! remember friend , this is assuming 1 , 990 out of 2 , 000 people you mail to will do absolutely nothing . . . and trash this program ! dare to think for a moment what would happen if everyone or half sent out 100 , 000 programs instead of only 2 , 000 . believe me , many people will do that and more ! by the way , your cost to participate in this is practically nothing . you obviously already have an internet connection and email is free ! ! ! report # 3 will show you the best methods for bulk emailing and purchasing email lists . this is a legitimate , legal , money making opportunity . it does notrequire you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house except to get the mail . if you believe that someday you ' ll get that big break that you ' ve been waiting for , this is it ! simply follow the instructions , and your dream will come true . this multi-level email order marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time . email is the sales tool of the future . take advantage of this non-commercialized method of advertising now ! ! the longer you wait , the more people will be doing business using email . get your piece of this action ! ! multi-level marketing ( mlm ) has finally gained respectability . it is being taught in the harvard business school , and both stanford research and the wall street journal have stated that between 50 % and 65 % of all goods and services will be sold throughout multi - level methods by the mid to late 1990 's . this is a multi - billion dollar industry and of the 500 , 000 millionaires in the us , 20 % ( 100 , 000 ) made their fortune in the last several years in mlm . moreover , statistics show 45 people become millionaires everyday through multi - level marketing . instructions we at m . o . c . marketing business , have a method of raising capital that really works 100 % every time . i am sure that you could use $ 50 , 000 to $ 125 , 000 in the next 20 to 90 days . before you say "" bull "" , please read the program carefully . this is not a chain letter , but a perfectly legal money making opportunity . basically , this is what we do : as with all multi-level business , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the usa allows you to recruit new multi - level business partners , and we offer a product for every dollar sent . your orders come and are filled through the mail , so you are not involved in personal selling . you do it privately in your own home , store or office . this is the greatest multi - level mail order marketing anywhere : step ( 1 ) order all four 4 reports listed by name and number . do this by ordering the report from each of the four 4 names listed on the next page . for each report , send $ 5 cash and a self - addressed , stamped envelope ( business size # 10 ) to the person listed for the specific report . international orders should also include $ 1 extra for postage . it is essential that you specify the name and number of the report requested to the person you are ordering from . you will need all four 4 reports because you will be reprinting and reselling them . do not alter the names or sequence other than what the instructions say . important : always provide same-day service on all orders . step ( 2 ) replace the name and address under report # 1 with yours , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . drop the name and address under report # 2 to report # 3 , moving the one that was there to report # 4 . the name and address that was under report # 4 is dropped from the list and this party is no doubt on the way to the bank . when doing this , make certain you type the names and addresses accurately ! do not mix up moving product / report positions ! ! ! step ( 3 ) having made the required changes in the name list , save it as a text ( . txt ) file in it 's own directory to be used with whatever email program you like . again , report # 3 will tell you the best methods of bulk emailing and acquiring email lists . step ( 4 ) email a copy of the entire program ( all of this is very important ) to everyone whose address you can get your hands on . start with friends and relatives since you can encourage them to take advantage of this fabulous money-making opportunity . that 's what i did . and they love me now , more than ever . then , email to anyone and everyone ! use your imagination ! you can get email addresses from companies on the internet who specialize in email mailing lists . these are very cheap , 100 , 000 addresses for around $ 35 . 00 . important : you won't get a good response if you use an old list , so always request a fresh , new list . you will find out where to purchase these lists when you order the four 4 reports . always provide same-day service on all orders ! ! ! required reports * * * order each report by number and name * * * always send a self-addressed , stamped envelope and $ 5 cash for each order requesting the specific report by name and number you must include your e-mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 "" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales "" order report # 1 from : w . o . w . incorporated po box 2527 victorville , ca 92393 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 "" major corporations and multi-level sales "" order report # 2 from : m - tronics 32445 regents blvd . union city , ca 94587-4849 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 "" sources for the best mailing lists "" order report # 3 from rkl international 3060 w . country meadow dr . tucson , az 85742 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 "" evaluating multi-level sales plans "" order report # 4 from : thunder tech . 202 lathrop st . south hadley , ma 01075 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conclusion i am enjoying my fortune that i made by sending out this program . you too , will be making money in 20 to 90 days , if you follow the simple steps outlined in this mailing . to be financially independent is to be free . free to make financial decisions as never before . go into business , get into investments , retire or take a vacation . no longer will a lack of money hold you back . however , very few people reach financial independence , because when opportunity knocks , they choose to ignore it . it is much easier to say "" no "" than "" yes "" , and this is the question that you must answer . will you ignore this amazing opportunity or will you take advantage of it ? if you do nothing , you have indeed missed something and nothing will change . please re-read this material , this is a special opportunity . if you have any questions , please feel free to write to the sender of this information . you will get a prompt and informative reply . my method is simple . i sell thousands of people a product for $ 5 that costs me pennies to produce and email . i should also point out that this program is legal and everyone who participates will make money . this is not a chain letter or pyramid scam . at times you have probably received chain letters , asking you to send money , on faith , but getting nothing in return , no product what-so - ever ! not only are chain letters illegal , but the risk of someone breaking the chain makes them quite unattractive . you are offering a legitimate product to your people . after they purchase the product from you , they reproduce more and resell them . it 's simple free enterprise . as you learned from the enclosed material , the product is a series of four 4 financial and business reports . the information contained in these reports will not only help you in making your participation in this program more rewarding , but will be useful to you in any other business decisions you make in the years ahead . you are also buying the rights to reprint all of the reports , which will be ordered from you by those to whom you mail this program . the concise one and two page reports you will be buying can easily be reproduced ; emailed to the requester . best wishes with the program and good luck ! "" it was truly amazing "" "" not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind to participate in this program . but conservative as i am , i decided that the initial investment was so little that there was no way that i could not get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i ever surprised when i found my medium sized post office box crammed with orders ! i will make more money this year than any ten years of my life before . "" mary riceland , lansing , mi tips for success send for your four 4 reports immediately so you will have them when the orders start coming in . when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the product / service to comply with us postal and lottery laws . title 18 sections 1302 and 1341 specifically state that : "" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . "" while you wait for the reports to arrive : 1 . name your new company . you can use your own name if you desire . 2 . get a post office box ( preferred ) . 3 . edit the names and addresses on the program . you must remember , your name and address go next to report # 1 and the others all move down one , with the fourth one being bumped off the list . 4 . obtain as many email addresses as possible to send until you receive the information on mailing list companies in report # 3 . 5 . decide on the number of programs you intend to send out . the more you send , and the quicker you send them , the more money you will make . 6 . after mailing the programs , get ready to fill the orders . 7 . important : always provide same-day service on orders you receive ! 8 . make certain the letter and reports are neat and legible . your guarantee the check point which guarantees your success is simply this : you must receive 15 to 20 orders for report # 1 . this is a must ! ! ! if you do n't within two weeks , email out more programs until you do . then a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 , if you do n't , send out more programs until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , ( take a deep breath ) you can sit back and relax , because you are going to make at least $ 50 , 000 . mathematically it is a proven guarantee . of those who have participated in the program and reached the above guarantees-all havereached their $ 50 , 000 goal . also , remember , every time your name is moved down the list you are in front of a different report , so you can keep track of your program by knowing what people are ordering from you . it ' s that easy , really , it is ! ! ! remember : "" he who dares nothing , need not hope for anything . "" "" invest a little time , energy and money now or search for it for the rest of your life . "" ps ( from jessy lemieux ) if you have decided to participate , good for you ! i wish you good luck . just one thing though . whatever you do , don t give away the reports . i know its tempting to give them to your friends and relatives . i almost did , but then i began to think what would happen if everyone gave away just 5 reports . do the math and you ll find out that it could cost the people involved literallty hundreds of thousands of dollars . would you want someone to cheat you that way ? it seems harmless but is very damaging to this near perfect system . as long as everyone follows the system , everyone will be rich . sorry if this seemed like common sense to you , its just that excited people like me sometimes don t think about things like this and i wanted to make sure that no one gets cheated out of the work they put into this . once again good luck and don t refrain from writing me if you have any concerns . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - sent using global messenger - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - global messenger is designed to send e-mails to a list of recipients without exposing the recipient list to the recipients . it is an ideal batch e-mail tool for sending newsletters , marketing information , productupdates or other bulk mail materials from a normal ( smtp - compliant ) e-mail client account . allows you to attach files and automatically handles mime , uuencode vist www . global . net for more information - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - unregistered version - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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156,"Subject: :
 
 thank you for your recent visit to one of our sponsored webpages . we would like to invite you to evaluate a brand new free internet search engine service : the cyberian search centre located here : canada - http : / / www3 . nf . sympatico . ca / dotel / usa - http : / / www . freeyellow . com / members / knowitall / usa - http : / / www . geocities . com / eureka / plaza / 1922 / index . htm if you have not found what you are looking for you have not been here ! all the best , cyberian search centre team note : please disregard any copies of this message you may receive
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157,"Subject: would you like to . . . .
 
 . . drive a new vehicle for free ? ? ? this is not hype or a hoax , there are hundreds of people driving brand new cars , suvs , minivans , trucks , or rvs . it does not matter to us what type of vehicle you choose . if you qualify for our program , it is your choice of vehicle , color , and options . we don ' t care . just by driving the vehicle , you are promoting our program . if you would like to find out more about this exciting opportunity to drive a brand new vehicle for free , please go to this site : http : / / 209 . 134 . 14 . 131 / ntr to watch a short 4 minute audio / video presentation which gives you more information about our exciting new car program . if you do n't want to see the short video , but want us to send you our information package that explains our exciting opportunity for you to drive a new vehicle for free , please go here : http : / / 209 . 134 . 14 . 131 / ntr / form . htm we would like to add you the group of happy people driving a new vehicle for free . happy motoring .
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158,"Subject: just released ! 10 million ! ! !
 
 it was just released ! ! introducing . . . millions vol . 1a we took a total of over 92 million email addresses from many of the touted cd 's that are out there ( bought them all - some were $ 300 + ) ! we added the millions we had in storage to those . when we combined them all , we had in excess of 100 + million addresses in one huge file . we then ran a super "" sort / de-dupe "" program against this huge list . it cut the file down to less than 25 million ! ! ! can you believe that ? it seems that most people that are selling cd 's are duping the public by putting numerous files of addresses in the cd over and over . this created many duplicate addresses . they also had many program "" generated "" email addresses like compuserve , mci , anon 's , etc . this causes a tremendous amount of undeliverables , and for those that use stealth programs , clogs up servers quickly with trash , etc . we then ran a program that contained 1800 + keywords to remove addresses with vulgarity , profanity , sex-related names , postmaster , webmaster , flamer , abuse , spam , etc . , etc . also eliminated all . edu , . mil , . org , . gov , etc . after that list was run against the remaining list , it reduced it down to near 10 million addresses ! so , you see , our list will save people hundreds of dollars buying all others that are out there on cd and otherwise . using ours will be like using the 100 + million that we started with , but a lot less money and alot less time ! ! we also purchased cyber - promos ( $ 995 . 00 ) cd . we received it just prior to finishing production work on the new cd . we had our people take a random sample of 300 , 000 addresses from the touted 2 . 9 that they advertised . we used a program that allows us to take a random sample of addresses from any list . we were able to have the program take every 9th address , thus giving us a 300 , 000 list of cyber 's email addresses from top to bottom . we cleaned these , and came up with about 100 , 000 addresses . these are also mixed in . we also included a 6 + million "" remove / flamer "" file broke into seperate files for ease of extracting and adding to your own database of removes . "" you can buy from the rest or you can buy from the best . your choice . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ what others are saying : "" i received the cd on friday evening . like a kid with a new toy , i immediately started bulking out using the new email addresses . over the course of the weekend , i emailed out over 500 , 000 emails and i received less than twenty undeliverables ! ! i am totally satisfied with my purchase ! ! thanks premier ! ! "" dave buckley houston , tx "" this list is worth it 's weight in gold ! ! i sent out 100 , 000 emails for my product and received over 55 orders ! ann colby new orleans , la * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * here ' s the bottom line here is what you get when you order today ! > > 10 million email addresses . . . 1 per line in simple text format on a cd . files are in lots of 5 , 000 ( no codes needed to open files ) . all files are separated by domain name for your convenience . plus you receive a tremendous remove list ! 6 million + > > > now only $ 150 . 00 ! this price is effective for the next seven days , thereafter the price will be $ 199 . 00 so order now ! all lists are completely free of any duplicates . we also on a continual basis , add new names and remove undeliverables and remove requests . the result is the cleanest email addresses available anywhere to use over and over again , for a fraction of the cost that other companies charge . typical rates for acquiring email lists are from 1 cent to as high as 3 cents per email address - that 's "" information highway "" robbery ! . * * * added bonus * * * all our customers will have access to our updates on the cd volume they purchase . that 's right , we continually work on our cd . who knows when those other cds were made . we ' re constantly adding and deleting addresses , removes . etc . it all comes back to quality . no one else offers that ! do n't even hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most effective way to market anywhere . . . period ! if you have any further questions or to place an order by phone , please do not hesitate to call us at : 800-600 - 0343 ext . 2693 to order our email package , simply print out the ez order form below and fax or mail it to our office today . we accept visa , mastercard , amex , checks by fax . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ez order form _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to order millions vol . 1a email addresses for only $ 150 . 00 . * please select one of the following for shipping . . _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package overnight . i ' m including $ 15 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package 2 day delivery . i ' m including $ 10 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ type of credit card : _ _ _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ _ _ mastercard credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amount $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( required ) signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you may fax your order to us at : 1-212 - 504-8192 check by fax services ! if you would like to fax a check , paste your check below and fax it to our office along with all forms to : 1-212 - 504-8192 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 24 hour fax services * * * please paste your check here and fax it to us at 1-212 - 504-8192 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from your original check . all checks will be held for bank clearance . ( 7-10 days ) make payable to : "" gd publishing ""
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159,"Subject: free trial membership
 
 the latest in adult technology ! ! ! brand new xxx adult site free trial membership please visit the latest in live video conferencing . 1000 channels of hardcore ! ! live rooms ! ! ! young dancers ! ! ! large picture gallery ! thousands of pictures ! ! come and visit our site for a great experience . http : / / 209 . 125 . 67 . 144 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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160,"Subject: earn $ 100 every time our phone rings . . .
 
 all you do is advertise this 800 number ! that ' s all ! ! $ 100 goes to you for every sale that the company closes ! does the idea of making at least $ 1 , 000 per week beginning your 2nd week of doing business excite you ? how about never having to sell a thing to your customer and never having to talk to anyone to make money ? i do n't know how this could get any easier . every aspect of selling or talking to someone is done completely by the company ! the number one home based business for the 2nd year in a row , fortune 5000 is a member of the better business bureau and the u . s . chamber of commerce . what this business will do for you : * handles all your calls , closes your sales , and sends you weekly commission checks ! * it pays you a $ 100 commission ( that 's over 50 % of the total sale ) for every sale . checks put $ $ $ in your pocket in less than your first week or two . . . quick commission earnings build and maintain motivation . all you do is advertise the toll-free number and your id number . * you can get started today . just advertise the business toll-free number with your id # and let this business close your sales every day . . . they do all the work and you get paid for it ! * you may advertise any way you choose : bulk e - mail , flyers , classifieds , postcards , etc . suppose you use bulk e - mail , as i am : 100 , 000 e - mails with a 1 / 10th of a percent ( 0 . 1 % ) sales rate at $ 100 per sale nets $ 10 , 000 . . . not too bad . there is nothing else out there that will provide you with an immediate income beginning this week with minimal effort . before you call , i want you to think about the quality of the live operators handling your call . i am convinced you will not find a better team of closers for your own personal sales . you will clearly understand what i am talking about once you call . please don ' t let this pass you by . make the call ! ! 1-800 - 811-2141 you will be asked for id # 50030 when you call . ( live operators are available from 8 am-10 pm cst monday through saturday and will be able to answer any questions you may have . ) call one of the 24hr testimonial lines at 888-703 - 5389 , 888-446 - 6949 , 888-446 - 6951 or 888-731 - 3457 ( all toll free ) .
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161,"Subject: service update
 
 due to the significant and rapid policy changes recently implemented by many major search engines , we have updated our publication so you may evaluate your site 's exposure to the new risks and opportunities . http : / / www . sitestrategies98 . com to unsubscribe , please click on the link below and enter your e-mail address . http : / / www . sitestrategies98 . com / unsubscribe . html
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162,"Subject: affordable family dental care
 
 with over 30 , 000 dentists nationwide we ' ll have one near you . for about $ 10 . 00 a month your family will save an average of 30-80 % on all dental procedures . includes : * routine cleaning and polishing , fillings , root canals , crowns , dentures , braces . * new sealants to prevent cavities . * cosmetic dentistry such as teeth whitening and veneers . * no paperwork , all pre-existing dental problems qualify with no waiting periods * toll - free doctor locator number . for further details please call 1-800 - 463-6021 please refer to id code - - - jj0625 p . s . call in for details before july 1st and with your dental plan receive the optical plan free ! thank y
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163,"Subject: creating wealth in america
 
 creating wealth in america > from the desk of robert allen , the author of 2 mega best - sellers , nothing down and creating wealth in america san diego , california 11 : 29 p . m . "" i can't sleep until i get this off my chest . "" "" i ' m extremely frustrated "" . odds are that nine out of ten people who receive this letter will discard it without a second thought . yet , i know that i have discovered a secret that could change your financial life forever ! and i ' m willing to share it with you for free . do you want to end your money pressures forever ? do you want to double your income ? do you want to build an extra stream of income quickly ? if you answered yes , then let me show you how you can begin living your dreams , this year before it 's too late . i ' ll get right to the point . as it says on the letterhead , my name is robert allen . i ' m famous for my two # 1 new york times best-selling books . nothing down and creating wealth in america . there are lots of millionaires who credit their success to one of my books or seminars . so when i share this secret with you , i want you to know that i ' ve done my homework . here it comes . i have discovered what i believe is the perfect home-based business . although i ' m well known for real-estate investment books and seminars , this new business has absolutely nothing to do with real-estate . in fact , it 's much easier and far less risky . it involves : - no employees - little risk - little start up cash - it 's so simple , anyone can do it you could be earning $ 1 , 000 a week in as little as 90 days . one person i know went from zero to $ 3 , 000 a week in 60 days . that 's $ 150 , 000 a year extra , hassle-free income ! in my 20 years of research , i can honestly say , "" i ' ve never seen a faster , easier way to create a stream of income "" . i know this sounds too good to be true . frankly , i did n't believe it myself at first . finally , i agreed to check it out . as a test , i selected a small group of people and introduced them to this incredible opportunity . almost immediately , many of them started earning profits . within a week , many were earning incomes of $ 4 , 000 per month in net cash flow . now , some of them are cashing checks for $ 3 , 000 a week . and this is just the beginning ! their earning potential could be unlimited ! would you like to learn how to do that ? i 'd love to show you how . but only if you ' re interested enough to make one telephone call . the number to call immediately is 1-888 - 571-6637 . it 's a 3 - minute , 24 - hour recorded message . this may be the answer you have been seeking . warmly , robert g . allen p . s . i want to show you how to create extra streams of income quickly , go to the phone and call now 1-888 - 571-6637 .
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164,"Subject: 
 
 this will end all of the confusion ! when it comes to free adult sites - go to : http : / / 209 . 84 . 246 . 106 / amateur this is the best that you ' ll see ! check out the 1 week free preview ! ! ! http : / / 209 . 84 . 246 . 106 / amateur / ( to be removed from our notification list go to : http : / / 194 . 190 . 221 . 199 / remove . html )
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165,"Subject: invitation
 
 i would like to invite you to visit . visit ( vacancies in systems and information technology ) is an exhibition where the best companies meet the best people face to face , with a view to encouraging you to join them . since visit opened in 1994 , over 1 , 000 people have moved to new jobs at the event . companies attending include : logica , cmg , admiral , sema group , ibm , unisys , cap gemini , experian , bacs , p&o nedlloyd , synamic , syntegra , chp , mdis , parity , american express , legal and general , prudential , kenan and icl . why should you attend quite simply this is your chance to take control of your career . you get to speak face to face with the people you could be working with , and you choose who you will speak to and when . you can find out for yourself whether these companies have something to offer you . jobs on offer the huge number of vacancies at visit means there will almost certainly be a job you will be interested in no matter what your skills and experience . virtually every job at every level in systems , it and networking is on offer . these are located throughout the uk and across europe and the world . there are over 1 , 000 jobs on offer in total . how to get there by rail , take the underground from main london terminus to piccadilly circus . the caf royal is 50 yards away in regent street . by car follows signs to london , then west end , then piccadilly circus . there is ncp parking in denman street . what to bring if possible , bring copies of your cv , be dressed as if attending an interview , and be ready to explain what your main skills and strengths are , and also to discuss what is important to you in changing jobs . the exhibition is open between 12 and 8pm on tuesday 7th and wednesday 8th july . you do not need to attend on both days . if you have any further queries , please visit our web site at : http : / / www . visit . haynet . com
",1
166,"Subject: confidential report
 
 revealing the secrets which have been made others so fabulously wealthy . offshore special report # 5599 * unfair & discriminatory divorce settlements are obsolete in this = report ! * ruthless creditors will cringe if they know you have read this report ! * lawyers may go broke by you reading this report ! * heartless tax agencies see red when they read this report ! * sneaky politicians use the information in this report everyday ! * your greedy banker does not want you to read this report ! * this report is black balled by most government agencies ! * back stabbing relatives hate this report ! chance for the little guy to get rich ! = 20 ( and the rich to get even richer ! ) it 's true ! there 's very little time left for the little guy to get rich = in the u . s . and many other countries . strict rules and regulations that = have been adopted by the u . s . government making it hard to start and run = a business - own a home - raise a f the rich are going offshore ! the rich get richer by applying the most powerful wealth-building = secrets known today . many of these millionaires are building their = empires offshore ( outside their home countries ) while doing business = inside their countries - using legal tax shelters = 20 the key is borrowing money then making it work by leveraging it ! the ability to acquire money by borrowing then leveraging what you have = borrowed is the key to wealth building and we are going to teach you how = you can do the same even if you have little or no money to start . = 20 the wealth secret ! america 's super wealthy have all used the same wealth building strategy = to get where they are today as they have for decades . use someone else 's = money to become rich - it 's very simple - you know it - i know it . but = the problem is how do we convince so the offshore special report # 5599 ! in this report you will have everything you need to get started - = started on your way to joining the elite - the 2 % to 5 % of u . s . citizens = - the rich . . . here 's the highlight of what report # 5599 offers . . . how the rich & politicians get even richer using trusts and how you = can do the same ! incorporate offshore - - completely private & away from your = government 's regulation ! your own secret offshore mailing address - - no one will know your = real address ! offshore private checking accounts - - deposit money & pay your bills = from offshore - no paper trails ! offshore tax havens - - legally delay or eliminate taxes - no one knows = - not even your government ! offshore ibc 's and trusts - - asset protection from creditors & your = government ! high yield offshore investments opportunities - - find out how the = rich make from 1 % to 4 % a week on their money - offshore & tax free - = you can do the same ! money making opportunities - - secrecy is a thriving industry ! this report also tells you additional information about how the rich = borrow money using roll over programs and tax free self - liquidating loan = concept and never repay one penny ! these self - liquidating loans are = done offshore . this is just one more tech who needs this report ? people who have a j . o . b . and have "" more month than money "" - ( job = 3d = just over broke ! ) people who are self-employed - paying that self employment tax and = are prime candidates for law suits from every direction ! people who are sick and tired of frivolous law suits - did you know = that in the u . s . there are 2 . 67 lawyers for every 1 , 000 people ? these = lawyers are hungry and need to sue someone for any reason to survive ! professional people such as doctors , technicians , architects , stock = brokers , accountants , and yes even lawyers ! - you know those people in = the higher than average tax brackets ! people who are getting married or are married and plan on living = happily ever after - now back to reality - the u . s . has a divorce rate = that exceeds 60 % every year ! partners who want to make sure their partnership is a true 50-50 deal = now and in future . people who live in a country that has strict rules and regulations = limiting where and how they can run their business and manage their = money . people who want to retire but can not afford to because of lack of = income or the rules put upon them from their government - restricting = them from receiving a decent income . people who are high audit risks or have been audited by their = government ' dictatorial tax agency - you know guilty until proven = innocent ! people who are paying their government 40 % to 60 % in taxes and are = sick and tired of doing so ! people who are close to bankruptcy and need to find solution as soon = as possible - 20 % to 40 % of the people in the united states are a = paycheck away from bankruptcy - yes those people ! people who want to make sure their children receive 100 % of their = inheritance without the government stealing it away ! people who want to keep their business and personal affairs private - = hard to do this day and age with all the computers ! people who have the dream of financial independence and want to make = thousands a week running their own home based business ! people who want to get a fresh start in life . anyone that has a desire to get ahead and the fortitude to make it = big and join the 2 % to 5 % - the rich ! the rich need this report also ! but what is really surprising is the people with money need this report ! = even the chosen few that have a few dollars and are frustrated with the = return on their investments . they need this report to find out how they = can make 1 % to 4 % on their money ev but wait - - soon you will be among the chosen few ! all it takes to receive the offshore special report number 5599 is = $ 50 . 00 u . s . - - that 's it ! you probably spent that on a movie or a night = on the town . $ 50 us to find out how you can beat the system , how you can = join the rich - start making what only a free bonus # 1 make 1000 % selling this report ! when you order the offshore special report number 5599 you will receive = a certificate of registration allowing you full reprint rights to = duplicate the report and sell it to whoever and wherever you wish ! you = keep all of the money . pay us nothing ! the = 20 free bonus # 2 self - liquidating loan report yes . . . it 's possible to borrow thousands and never repay one penny ! this = remarkable system is explained in the manual and there are no credit = checks , cosigners or employment verifications . after reviewing this = report you could put your own self - liquida a "" self - liquidating "" loan is a financial arrangement in which the = elements of "" arbitrage "" , "" compensating balance "" and "" advanced - point = funding "" are utilized . to explain each of these three topics would take = pages , but to sum it up it means money that = 20 those who order the report by december 1 , 1997 are eligible to receive = free bonus # 3 and # 4 below . free bonus # 3 "" how to make sure you make money from a web site "" things often overlook by most new comers . avoid those mistake if you = want to make money from your web site . free bonus # 4 "" the guerilla guide to bulk email "" . everything you need to know about = bulk email . a must for internet marketer . plus 100 , 000 flameproof email = addresses free to download . these are fresh names that you can use to = market your products . once again all of this is yours for only $ 50 plus $ 5 s&h . . . so order now ! complete the following form and mail it with your payment today and take = advantage of the free bonuses ! * * * we only receive international money orders for payment . we teach and = preach privacy ! please do not send personal or business checks or u . s . postal money = order . beware of those who do n't practice what they preach . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cut here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ yes , i order in the allotted time . i understand i will receive all = the free bonuses * ) _ _ _ _ _ i order after december 1 , 1997 . i understand i have full reprint = rights and can sell the report # 5599 keeping all the money , plus free = self - liquidating loan report . * ) we will check the post mark out . * * * make money orders payable to kimberly niles mail to : = 20 tromol pos 105 yogyakarta 55002 indonesia first and last name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ zip / postal code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cut here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
",1
167,"Subject: free live video sex ! ! !
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * attention video sex lovers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * never pay for video sex ever again . brand new totally free live video = sex website . come check out over 600 live video sex channels ! http : / / 207 . 105 . 143 . 54 / teenporn / a002 not forgetting hundreds of xxx mpeg videos , pictures , hot stories , = 20 special star features adult games and even an online casino ! = 20 http : / / 207 . 105 . 143 . 54 / teenporn / a002
",1
168,"Subject: 
 
 by sendmail ( 8 . 8 . 9 / 8 . 8 . 9 ) with smtp id qaa27101 for ionandr @ aifh . ed . ac . uk from : irms @ accubilling . com to : ionandr @ aifh . ed . ac . uk subject : free advertising for your business ! bcc : = 20 hi , just wanted to pass along some information about a new piece of software = i now call my "" secret weapon "" . it 's amazing ! listen to this . . . me and hundreds of others can now reach "" millions of potential = customers "" - absolutely free ! a lot of us are creating immediate "" cash = flow explosions "" - literally overnight ! and blowing our competition right out of the water ! you have to check this thing out . to get some details , all you have to = do is send a e - mail to : irms1 @ accubilling . com mailto : irms1 @ accubilling . com = 20 "" our research indicates that the following material may = 20 interest you . if not , please let us know so we can remove = 20 your address from our list . send removes to irms @ accubilling . com . take = care . "" = 20
",1
169,"Subject: investigate anyone right from your browser !
 
 hello , if this reached you in error , please accept our apologies and reply with = remove in the subject and you will be immediately . thanks ! = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d introducing the hottest new way to find out anything about anyone . . . = 20 internet investigator ! this is a totally new report on where and how to uncover information . = find out almost anything about almost anyone , easily , = 20 right on the internet ! = 20 trying to find an old friend ? want to know about when your boss was = arrested in college ? want to know someone 's income ? want = 20 to get the hard facts about someone 's past ? or present ? in a new = relationship and want to make sure you "" know "" them ? hiring a = 20 new employee ? want to find out something about that suspicious neighbor ? = starting a new business relationship ? trying to find = 20 your natural parents ? want to find an old army buddy ? need to validate a = social security number ? want to find an unlisted = 20 phone number ? or any other kind of information ? the list goes on and = on ! ! there are hundreds , if not thousands , of uses for = 20 this report ! = 20 or even find out about your own past . now , you can uncover out what = information about you is available to others ! this is the = 20 opportunity to find and fix incorrect information ! find any file about = you ! find out all of this and more right on the internet ! this report directs = you to hundreds of internet resources to uncover = 20 information on any number of people or businesses . you can discover anything you ever wanted to know about friends , family , = employees , new business prospects or anyone ! the = 20 internet is a huge tool for getting all kinds of information about = someone or a business . the problem is that most of these = 20 sources are not readily known about . now you can have the ability to use = these sources to uncover the information that you = 20 want ! there are many sources of information on the internet , but finding = them can be tricky and time consuming . search = 20 engines are great for simple queries , but it can take hours upon hours = to refine your search to find the one site that can = 20 offer you access to the kind of personal information you are looking = for . this report makes it easy and fast with all the = 20 hotlinks in place . just click and go ! internet investigator is the best and easiest way to get hard to find = information on the internet ! this new 58 page report = 20 tells you where and how to find almost any kind of information about = someone or a business . order today , and we will send the = 20 report to you via e-mail on the same day we recieve your order . and for = a limited time , it 's half-price ! = 20 here is a partial list of topics covered in the report . . . = 20 = b7 investigations = 20 = b7 vital records = 20 = b7 motor vehicles = 20 = b7 reverse phone numbers = 20 = b7 personnel records = 20 = b7 anonymous banking = 20 = b7 census = 20 = b7 adoption = 20 = b7 tips on searching = 20 = b7 people locators of all kinds = 20 = b7 medical sites = 20 = b7 credit information = 20 = b7 governmental resources = 20 = b7 e - mail and internet information = 20 = b7 military personnel records = 20 = b7 state government listings = 20 = b7 legal and political = 20 = b7 business sources = 20 = b7 jobs and screening = 20 = b7 laws and statutes = 20 = b7 mailing lists = 20 = b7 worldwide demographics = 20 = b7 media = 20 = b7 security and surveillance equipment = 20 = b7 miscellaneous and much , much more ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! all this and more for only $ 24 . 95 ( plus $ 4 . 50 shipping and handling ) ! = that 's half off the regular $ 49 . 95 price ! hurry ! this is a limited time offer ! just print and fill out this order form and mail it , along with your = check made payable to good info for $ 24 . 95 ( plus $ 4 . 50 = 20 shipping and handling ) in us funds , and we will send the report to you = via priority mail on the same day we get your order ! name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ st _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone ( in case there are questions ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ disk format pc _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mac _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mail to : good info services 584 castro st , suite 464 san francisco , ca 94114 e - mail : goodinfoservices @ yahoo . com = 20 hurry ! do n't miss this special price ! there will be a $ 25 . 00 fee for all returned checks .
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170,"Subject: ad : stop pain fast !
 
 stop pain fast : golf - tennis - exercise with no pain ! hello ! = 20 my name is pat . i ' m an avid tennis player and walker . i suffered from shoulder pain for years . nothing seemed to = 20 give me complete pain relief . = 20 finally , i tried pain guard , a pain relief lotion sold by a = 20 company named outback secrets . pain guard relieved = 20 my shoulder pain quickly - in fact , almost immediately ! = 20 i liked pain guard so much , i bought the company 17 months ago . honest ! since buying the company , i ' ve helped hundreds and hundreds of people relieve chronic muscle and = 20 joint pain . for more information just click here or email = us : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to be removed , hit reply and type "" remove "" in the subject check out our newest service : virtual servers for ' responsible ' direct email marketers click here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ m & a computer services , or any subsidiary thereof , accept no = 20 responsibility whatsoever for the content or legality of any = 20 advertisement that appears in any mailing . it is the advertisers = 20 responsibility to check with local , state , and federal laws = 20 pertaining to the product or service they advertise .
",1
171,"Subject: discover instant publisher cd-rom : unlimited profit ! ! ! !
 
 hi , * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * discover instant publisher cd-rom . unlimited profit ! ! guaranteed low initial cost . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * highly recommended visit ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! http : / / members . forfree . at / ~ bestbus / sincerely , joe kirky
",1
172,"Subject: refinancing has never been so easy
 
 to remove your address and receive no future free insider software = sales , specials , or business opportunities from the net-advertiser = simply type "" remove "" in the subject . cross county funding puts dollars in your pocket for the past several years , cross country has been helping homeowners = like yourself save thousands of dollars a year on mortgage obligations . refinancing has never been so easy ! just reply by email and a member of = our professionally trained and courteous staff will contact you . . . free = of charge ! ! that 's right ! ! we ' ll even pay for the call . think you not eligible ? . . . think again . . . ! cross county 's accu-trak = qualifying programs cut through the red - tape and hassle commonly = associated refinancing . we ' re sure one of our programs is right for = you . ! - get cash now for home improvements . - consolidate your high interest credit card bills into 1 easy monthly = payment - 1st or 2nd mortgage financing is just a phone call away ! we specialize in mortgage refinancing and home equity loan arrangements . = no credit ? bad credit ? we ' ve got programs designed especially to get = cash to you ! the call is free . . . and there 's no obligation ! reply now = to this posting and start saving today ! ! ! disclaimer : cross county funding is not empowered to issue a mortgage commitment . we = are registered mortgage brokers with the ny state banking dept . all = loans are arranged through third part providers . please fill out the form below and e-mail to mortgage @ netsvoice . com to = start saving today ! name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ current interest rate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ approx . home value _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mortgage balance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mortgage type ( eg . fixed , adjustable , or balloon ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ look forward to your reply . email to mortgage @ netsvoice . com sincerely , marnie siegel for information on advertising with the net-advertiser , and details on a = free ad in the net-advertiser email us at information @ netsvoice . com contact us by telephone , monday - saturday ( 9am - 9pm edt ) at = 717-735 - 4808 . to subscribe to net advertiser 's free weekly publication please send an = e - mail message to information @ netsvoice . com
",1
173,"Subject: this is the information age ! - 77273
 
 dear ionandr , a toll-free call that could mean financial success for you and your = family , once and for = 20 all ! * * * this is not multi-level or network marketing * * * if you answer "" yes "" to any of the following questions , then this = business may be = 20 perfect for you : 1 ) do you already have a home office in place ? ( personal computer , = fax , answering = 20 machine , etc . ) 2 ) do you have an extra 10 - 15 hours per week to commit toward = building your = 20 own part-time ( or full-time ) business ? 3 ) would you be able to read from a script , clearly , and with = enthusiasm , a 2 - 3 = 20 minute introduction of our products ? ( no "" cold-calling "" is required . = prospects will = 20 ask you to call them ! ) no selling ; our system does all the selling for = you . 4 ) with our system , on average , every 15 or 16 calls you return will = generate a sale = 20 that pays you a commission in excess of $ 1 , 100 . can you make that many = calls per = 20 week ? ( per day ? ) if you answered "" yes "" to any or all of the above questions , and you have = integrity , = 20 good work habits , and the desire to improve your financial outlook , then = call this toll - free number : = 20 * * * * * 1-800 - 200-2074 * * * * * imagine having the financial freedom you are seeking - along with = control of your = 20 personal finances and control of your time , so you can enjoy the fruits = of your labor = 20 and spend more time with your family , your hobbies , and all the = activities you enjoy . = 20 we ' re looking for a few quality people with the work ethic and desire to = generate a = 20 cash flow for themselves of $ 2 , 000 - $ 5 , 000 per week , or more , depending = on how = 20 much time you are able to devote to this business . = 20 if you have the self-discipline to ignore the tv for a few hours two or = three evenings = 20 per week , and if you ' re looking for a legitimate home-based business = opportunity , that = 20 is not multi-level marketing , then please call our toll-free number , = 1-800 - 200-2074 . = 20 listen to the brief message , leave your name and phone number , and we = will get back = 20 to you as quickly as possible . = 20 you have nothing to lose but a few minutes of your time to further = investigate how this = 20 opportunity can change your life forever ! p . s . it is easier if you already have a functional home office = situation . this greatly = 20 reduces your start-up costs , and facilitates you being able to begin = immediately . = 20 please , serious inquiries only .
",1
174,"Subject: make $ 1000 a day within 3 months !
 
 are you are interested in making $ 1000 us a day within the next 3 months ? are you are willing to put forth an honest effort to achieve that goal ? if your answer is yes to both questions then i can help you achieve that goal ! call the following number and listen to the 3 minute message . then at the tone leave your name and number ( with area code ) and i will get back to you with more information on how you can get started to making $ 1000 us a day ! this is a serious business opportunity . serious inquiries only please . in the us call toll free : 1-888 - 310-6226 outside the us call : 619-678 - 4228 ext . 6733 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * just for calling and leaving your name you can receive a $ 1500 marketing package which is available for immediate download . all software is fully functional , and not shareware . it is available for you to use to market your online business . . . 1 . 32 bit mailing and extracting software . . . value $ 400 http : / / www . success-minded . com / extractorinfo . htm 2 . mailing software to convert your pc into a mailserver . . . value $ 500 http : / / www . success-minded . com / rfmsinfo . htm 3 . global mail lists pre-cleaned against a global remove list . ( value $ 250 ) 4 . entry into a password protected site , where fresh addresses updated each week are available for download . these are the result of the efforts of dozens of computers scanning the www for the freshest most targeted addresses available ! ( value about $ 100 / 10 , 000 targeted addresses ) 5 . a detailed help file to guide you , no matter how new you are to internet marketing , into the successful use of these tools . all of the above is fully functional , ready to use . you can be up and running in a single day . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * i am bundling this package together with an exciting , life enriching organization dedicated to empowering you towards a richer , fuller , more satisfying life . . . in terms of personal well being and financial independence . the real difference between us and our competition is that we supply you with all the tools you need to build your business . our marketing philosophy is based , not on taking from others , but on "" giving "" to others . can you think of any other support team that gives its new members such a package of tools right from the start ? i have n't found one , and believe me i have searched . in addition to being given this package for your personal use . . . you are also given the rights to give it away to build your group . that 's right . think how easy it is to build your own business with such a powerful draw card . and this package is growing all the time . we are continuously seeking to improve it by adding new software , upgrades , additional fresh addresses , etc . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this is a free offer , not uce or spam . if however , if this offer has disturbed you and you wish to be removed from this and future offers of this type , please : mailto : mmfbiz2 @ hotmail . com ? subject = remove
",1
175,"Subject: pass out 800 # $ $ $
 
 x - info : generate excellent income passing out 800 # s get paid weekly ! ! no meetings ! ! no selling ! ! we do all the work for you ! to see how easy this program really is , call : 1-800 - 811-2141 code # 49744
",1
176,"Subject: correspondence and friends .
 
 hello from salvador / bahia / brasil , * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to receive more information on our services come and request our ' info ' . we will e-mail it to you directly . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - correspondence * dating * romance * travel korrespondenz * partnervermittlung * reisen korespondencja * matrymonialne * podroze correspondencia * sitas * matrimonios * viajes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ we invite you * zapraszamy cie los invitamos * wir laden sie ein from , brazilian office http : / / www . always-friends . com
",1
177,"Subject: 
 
 hi . . . ever thought about starting your own home-based business or making money on the internet using your personal computer ? if so , i would like to help you . i have a disk that contains 177 business reports that will tell you how to set up many profitable and low cost home-based businesses step by step . i have used these reports to make more money than i ever imagined . besides many home-based businesses ( not envelope stuffing ) these reports include : raise money fast and ethically , how to spot scams , marketing and advertising techniques and many mail order businesses that require just a few hours a week . to order this disk please send $ 15 . 00 ( us ) by cash , check , or money order to lda sales at po box 727 paw creek , nc 28130 . cash or money orders will be processed in 48 hours after receiving them . checks will take a few days longer . price includes shipping and handling . please include your e-mail address when you order and i will notify you when the disk is shipped . your pc will need to be connected to a printer so you will be able to view and print the desired reports . bonus : i will also include the copyright license so you can sell the reports individually or the whole disk . if you are not interested in this business opportunity please forgive this intrusion . there is no need to request to be "" removed "" from our mailing list because this is a one time mailing . thank you very much for your time .
",1
178,"Subject: re : never forget
 
 you ' ll never forget again ! ! do you forget ! ? - friends ' birthdays ? - anniversaries ? - special occasions ? - any important dates that you want to be reminded of ? - or even reminders to do things like call your friend in alaska once a year ? if so we have a solution for you ! ! ! for the rest of your life we will remind you ! ! we ' ll send you a postcard one week prior to every date you want to be reminded of for the rest of your life ! you will receive unlimited reminders that you can update at any time for the rest of your life . think about it . . . you will never miss your relatives birthdays , your anniversary , special dates for business contacts , and the list never stops . you will never forget again . we can even send gift paks automatically to anyone you want . your friends will be amazed that you actually remembered their birthday . you can receive this entire package for only $ 39 . 00 canadian funds ( $ 30 . 00 u . s . funds ) but wait . . . if your order is received in the next ten days you can receive an additional package to give to a friend , relative , or business contact for only $ 15 . 00 canadian funds ( $ 10 . 00 u . s . funds ) more . do n't delay ! ! in order for us to receive your order in the next ten days you must send your order today . your relatives , friends , business contacts will all thank you for it in the future . print the following section now please make cheque or money order payable to vme and send with following order form to : vme lifetime reminder service 1674 village view place mississauga , ontario l5m-3t9 canada - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lifetime reminder service name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # of packages : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amount enclosed : $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",1
179,"Subject: do you need more money ?
 
 hi , would you like to earn an extra $ 700 a week . . . $ 2 , 800 a month just by mailing our business circulars from your home ? you can make this kind of money without even giving up your present job . we have created the most risk-free way to do this , and all you have to do is mail out our business circulars and get paid for your work . this exciting new home employment opportunity is so effective - yet quick and easy that your success is absolutely guaranteed ! we publish , sell and distribute information booklets , guides , reports , manuals and computer software all across canada and the united states . since we do the majority of our business by mail , we in turn send out thousands of our sales circulars each week . our company circulars are the sales letters / product offers that are sent out in response to customer inquiries . when you mail our circulars , you ' ll be greatly helping us by getting our offers out to more customers . you ' ll be taking part in the most remarkable opportunity available . our system of mailing circulars is very easy to operate . all you will be doing is taking copies of the standard , letter-sized ( 8 1 / 2 "" x11 "" ) circulars that we provide you with and fold them to fit into the envelopes you will receive . after you have folded and inserted the circulars into the envelopes , you just have to seal the envelopes and deposit them in your mail . you will not have to spend any time addressing envelopes or pay any postage costs to mail out our circulars , because all envelopes will arrive pre-addressed and with postage already in place . it should only take you a few hours a week . it 's as simple as that ! circular mailing is easy and pleasant work that is very profitable ! we have developed a legitimate and realistic money-making business system that is practical and uncomplicated . simple enough that anyone can take part in it regardless of education , age , physical ability or disability . our program is easy to understand , with step-by - step instructions that are sure to get you started quickly and with confidence . this is a highly fool-proof , tried , tested and proven method that you can run from the comfort and privacy of your own home - without any personal contact with anyone at any time . you can take part in our program any hour of the day . . . any day of the week . we do not require that you have any related experience to take part in our program . all that we want are serious minded people who can read and write simple english , and who are able to put in a few extra hours each week towards earning a great income . although you do n't need any experiance , it is important that you be ambitious and motivated because you will be working on your own - without supervision . it will be your responsibility to get your work done . you do not have to meet a certain quota each week , and we do not impose any restrictions on the amount of work that you choose to do . our circular mailing program allows you the complete flexibility to organize and choose your own work load and work schedule . you can work part-time or full-time , and you are always free to take a break from your work - planning your own time off . furthermore , you may quit the program at any time , since you will be an independent mailer and have no obligation to our company what-so - ever . home employment is wonderful . it can provide you with a great sense of accomplishment , pride and freedom - but you must remember to treat your work seriously and with respect . what you get out of our program is exactly what you put into it . earn as much or as little as you like - it 's all up to you . you can start the same day you receive our supplies and information package , and begin receiving money within 2 weeks time , and every week from then on for as long as you desire to participate in our program . thousands of people all over canada and the united states are making excellent money mailing circulars from their homes . you can join our successful network , of circular mailers and get your share of this money too ! it makes no difference if you live in a small town or a large city . as long as you can get to a mailbox to mail the circulars , you can participate in this great home income opportunity . anyone with a little common sense and a desire to succeed can take part in our program and earn excellent income for themselves in a very short period of time . one of the nicest things about our circular mailing program is hoe quickly it works . you can start the same day you receive our supplies and information package , and begin receiving money within 2 weeks time , and then for as long as you decide to participate in our program . imagine never having to leave your home while making more money in a few hours than a lot of people earn after a full week 's work ! in fact , you can be making great money in as little as 10 hours a week ! and remember , you do n't need any special education of experience . this program can work for anyone - regardless of background , age or location . just mail the circulars and spend the rest of the day enjoying yourself . imagine being able to work in the comfort of your own home , at your own pace and in your leisure with a simple system to earn $ 700 . 00 a week working only a few hours a week . . . it 's a great place to start . you really do n't have to work hard to get ahead in life - you just have to work smart . by following our easy steps , you will connect with making $ 700 a week - every week . we ' ll even show you how you can increase an income of $ 700 . 00 a week into as much as $ 1 , 000 . 00 a week or more with ease . it 's very simple and it 's very realistic . with the basic details we ' ve outlined , you ' ll easily see the incredible income potential right away . this program is so well thought out and developed that you cannot fail to make great money ! you ' ll be able to set up your operation so that you can have all the free time in the world to do with as you please , without anyone looking over your shoulder . if you choose , you ' ll only have to work at your affairs for about an hour or two a day , and these will turn out to be extremely easy , fun hours , with no boss snooping around and no one to answer to . believe this , after you spend the small amount of up-front time getting organized , setting up your own system , you ' ll soon realize that nothing could be easier , or offer you more privacy and personal freedom ! unlike others who you might see promoting the same old useless stuff - year in and year out , we have developed a unique approach which has never been released to the public by anyone else . cybermarketing is the only source for this valuable program . so please do n't confuse it with any of the other get-rich - quick schemes or ads you might see . if you ' re searching for an honest to goodness , legitimate , legal and spare time work at home opportunity , then your search has finally ended . this is a 100 % proven money - making program ! proven to make good money for everyone who uses it ! if you ' re like most folks , you ' re going to absolutely love our circular mailing program because it 's the most legitimate , "" on-the - level "" , easy to start , profitable work-from - home opportunity ever created ! we say this honestly because it really works ! you won't find any gimmicks , surprises or silly schemes . only valuable information that you ' ll need so you can quickly learn exactly what to do and how to do it ; and our proven , professionally written circulars . our circular mailing program can bring you all the money you need . when you receive our start up package in the mail , you will get all the supplies you need to get started right away including your personal information kit ( your complete instructional handbook ) and our business circulars . you will receive everything as promised . and do n't forget you will not have to pay postage costs to mail our circulars because envelopes will arrive completely addressed and with postage already in place . just mail out the circulars and receive pay cheques that are yours to spend any way you wish ! you can take part in our program for as long as you want . . . earn $ 700 a week for the rest of your life . we can only accommodate a limited number of people in our unique program . so if you are interested , please do not delay . send in your acceptance form as soon as you can . you have our guarantee that this program can change your life practically overnight . we know of no other home employment opportunity with the potential to make the great amounts of money that this program does . this is a complete home-based opportunity that really works . our only requirement is a one time only , fully refundable payment of only $ 27 . 00 . this payment covers the cost of your supplies and the processing of your membership . this is a one-time payment , you will not have to pay us any other costs to get additional materials . and because we ' re so sure that we have the right home employment opportunity for you , we are backing up our promises with our exclusive guarantee . . . $ 33 , 600 . 00 guarantee you can easily earn $ 33 , 600 . 00 in the next year with our program . in fact , we are so confident that you can make over $ 700 a week mailing out our circulars that we are going to offer you the most air-tight guarantee in existence . as soon as you receive our start up package in the mail , send out our circulars right away . if you do n't start earning a minimum of $ 700 a week within 30 days , simply return our materials for a complete refund . you either make $ 700 a week or your money back ! join our network of circular mailers today . we truly want to help you get started as quickly and as easily as possible . this program is designed for people who are serious about earning a substantial income . we are convinced that you will be absolutely thrilled when you see just how much money you can make with our program . we ' ve got your start-up kit all packaged up and ready to go . just give us the word and we ' ll have it out the door and on its way to you . if you follow our instructions , you will be well on your way to earning $ 700 per week by mailing circulars from home . just print and fill out the exclusive membership form at the bottom of this page and mail it in with your remittance and your order will be rushed to you right away by first class mail . we hope that you allow us the honor of being the ones who helped you to achieve long-term financial success and personal freedom . most sincerely , the staff at cybermarketing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - home mailers program order-form - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - please rush me my package of the home mailers program and the home business directory right away ! ! ! send $ 27 . 00 in u . s funds . ( includes postage & handling ) name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mail to : cybermarketing p . o . box # 563 address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ lindsay , ontario , canada , k9v 4s5 city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ zip / postal code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( orders payable by cheque please allow 4 - 6 weeks for delivery . ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",1
180,"Subject: do you enjoy having sex ?
 
 see the only sexxx = site approved by bill clinton ! click here ! ! ! click here to be = removed from the mailing list .
",1
181,"Subject: your sites
 
 after reading your internet page , i wondered if you would be interested = in the memorable alpha-numeric 0707 4 glasgow or 08700 scotland = telephone number , which will be easily remembered by your customers , in = a marketing campaign . if you are interested please call on 07000 750750 , = if not , i am very sorry for contacting you . = 20
",1
182,"Subject: this is new at 95 . 8 capital fm
 
 do n't want to receive these e-mails ? = 20 click the following link to remove your address from our mailing list : = 20 http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - fantasy record label - take your favourite bands to the top . - london fashion week - chat to the stars of the fashion world ! - sportstime - live action and big games . - shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - - fantasy record label - take your favourite bands to the top . think you ' ve got what it takes to be a success in the music biz ? from sunday 27th you can try your hand with the return of the stunning = fantasy record label game win new amazing prizes at : http : / / capitalfm . com - london fashion week - the stars and the fashions . britain 's premiere event in the fashion calendar begins on friday 25th , = and it ' ll all be happening right on your screen . you ' ll be able to chat to models catherine hawley and lorato and designers from giant and workers = for freedom , on monday the 28th of september at 7 . 30pm . so if you want to = ask the advice of a host of top industry stars go straight to : http : / / capitalfm . com - sportstime - live action and big games . on saturday it 's sheffield wednesday v arsenal as the champions look to move up a gear following a sluggish start to the season . . . there 's the september player of the month vote . . . plus previews , reports and goal action from all the big soccer fixtures at : http : / / capitalfm . com - shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . our new music shop = is going down a storm , and if you have n't checked out how easy it is to buy the latest and greatest music , do n't hesitate ! everything is done from = your desktop and the next thing you know your favourite music is in your mailbox . and we ' re always here to help should you have any questions . = for a new music buying experience come to : http : / / capitalfm . com + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - advertisement _ \ / _ = 20 / / o \ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = 20 cd | paradise . com looking for nirvana ? come to cd paradise ! = 20 _ _ | _ cd 's at up to * * 30 % discount * * = 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = 20 | kenickie get in # 9 . 79 | > new release | all saints all saints # 11 . 99 | the manic street = 20 | aqua aquarium # 12 . 74 | preachers = 20 | boyzone where we belong # 12 . 74 | latest album _ \ / _ = 20 | mike oldfield tubular bells 3 # 12 . 74 | order / / o \ = 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - today | = 20 cd paradise _ | _ _ = 20 * * * * http : / / www . cdparadise . com / hme / hmepge . asp ? shop = 3d2673 * * * * + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - = 20
",1
183,"Subject: just released ! 10 million ! ! !
 
 it was just released ! ! introducing . . . millions vol . 1a we took a total of over 92 million email addresses from many of the touted cd 's that are out there ( bought them all - some were $ 300 + ) ! we added the millions we had in storage to those . when we combined them all , we had in excess of 100 + million addresses in one huge file . we then ran a super "" sort / de-dupe "" program against this huge list . it cut the file down to less than 25 million ! ! ! can you believe that ? it seems that most people that are selling cd 's are duping the public by putting numerous files of addresses in the cd over and over . this created many duplicate addresses . they also had many program "" generated "" email addresses like compuserve , mci , anon 's , etc . this causes a tremendous amount of undeliverables , and for those that use stealth programs , clogs up servers quickly with trash , etc . we then ran a program that contained 1800 + keywords to remove addresses with vulgarity , profanity , sex-related names , postmaster , webmaster , flamer , abuse , spam , etc . , etc . also eliminated all . edu , . mil , . org , . gov , etc . after that list was run against the remaining list , it reduced it down to near 10 million addresses ! so , you see , our list will save people hundreds of dollars buying all others that are out there on cd and otherwise . using ours will be like using the 100 + million that we started with , but a lot less money and alot less time ! ! we also purchased cyber - promos ( $ 995 . 00 ) cd . we received it just prior to finishing production work on the new cd . we had our people take a random sample of 300 , 000 addresses from the touted 2 . 9 that they advertised . we used a program that allows us to take a random sample of addresses from any list . we were able to have the program take every 9th address , thus giving us a 300 , 000 list of cyber 's email addresses from top to bottom . we cleaned these , and came up with about 100 , 000 addresses . these are also mixed in . we also included a 6 + million "" remove / flamer "" file broke into seperate files for ease of extracting and adding to your own database of removes . "" you can buy from the rest or you can buy from the best . your choice . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ what others are saying : "" i received the cd on friday evening . like a kid with a new toy , i immediately started bulking out using the new email addresses . over the course of the weekend , i emailed out over 500 , 000 emails and i received less than twenty undeliverables ! ! i am totally satisfied with my purchase ! ! thanks premier ! ! "" dave buckley houston , tx "" this list is worth it 's weight in gold ! ! i sent out 100 , 000 emails for my product and received over 55 orders ! ann colby new orleans , la * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * here ' s the bottom line here is what you get when you order today ! > > 10 million email addresses . . . 1 per line in simple text format on a cd . files are in lots of 5 , 000 ( no codes needed to open files ) . all files are separated by domain name for your convenience . plus you receive a tremendous remove list ! 6 million + > > > now only $ 150 . 00 ! this price is effective for the next seven days , thereafter the price will be $ 199 . 00 so order now ! all lists are completely free of any duplicates . we also on a continual basis , add new names and remove undeliverables and remove requests . the result is the cleanest email addresses available anywhere to use over and over again , for a fraction of the cost that other companies charge . typical rates for acquiring email lists are from 1 cent to as high as 3 cents per email address - that 's "" information highway "" robbery ! . * * * added bonus * * * all our customers will have access to our updates on the cd volume they purchase . that 's right , we continually work on our cd . who knows when those other cds were made . we ' re constantly adding and deleting addresses , removes . etc . it all comes back to quality . no one else offers that ! do n't even hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most effective way to market anywhere . . . period ! if you have any further questions or to place an order by phone , please do not hesitate to call us at : 800-600 - 0343 ext . 2693 to order our email package , simply print out the ez order form below and fax or mail it to our office today . we accept visa , mastercard , amex , checks by fax . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ez order form _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to order millions vol . 1a email addresses for only $ 150 . 00 . * please select one of the following for shipping . . _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package overnight . i ' m including $ 15 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package 2 day delivery . i ' m including $ 10 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ type of credit card : _ _ _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ _ _ mastercard credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amount $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( required ) signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you may fax your order to us at : 1-212 - 504-8192 check by fax services ! if you would like to fax a check , paste your check below and fax it to our office along with all forms to : 1-212 - 504-8192 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 24 hour fax services * * * please paste your check here and fax it to us at 1-212 - 504-8192 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from your original check . all checks will be held for bank clearance . ( 7-10 days ) make payable to : "" gd publishing ""
",1
184,"Subject: dirt cheap hard drives and more ! ! ! ! !
 
 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / this message complies with the new bulk email laws . sender : hal smalltalker , inc . 268 bush street # 3302 san francisco , ca 94104 u . s . a . fax : 925-432 - 9904 24 hrs if you wish to be removed from this advertiser 's future mailings , please enter your e-mail address at http : / / 207 . 55 . 200 . 4 / remove and this software will automatically block you from their future mailings . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / visit http : / / 207 . 55 . 200 . 4 for some great web hosting deals ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! you can now buy ide hard drives for less - 10 % , 20 % , 30 % , 40 % , 50 % or more less than you thought possible ! ! ! some of these drives are new still in the manufacturer 's static-free bags . most drives are used but all drives are being sold at rediculously low prices . . . it is absolutely amazing ! ! ! you can have the ide hard drive you ' ve always wanted right now today . . . . . . . . . we have 16 ide hard drives in stock ready to ship ! + maxtor 2 . 5 gb = = > 1 ea . asking $ 100 . 00 or best offer ! + western digital 2 . 5 gb = = > 3 ea . asking $ 100 . 00 or best offer ! + maxtor 5 gb = = > 4 ea . asking $ 150 . 00 or best offer ! + maxtor 6 gb = = > 1 ea . asking $ 150 . 00 or best offer ! + western digital 6 gb = = > 1 ea . asking $ 150 . 00 or best offer ! + maxtor 7 gb = = > 2 ea . asking $ 175 . 00 or best offer ! + maxtor 8 gb = = > 4 ea . asking $ 175 . 00 or best offer ! think our asking prices are too high ? no problem ! just make us an offer and fax your order in along with a photocopy of your cashier check or money order and we ' ll set that drive aside for you and you alone - first come first served ! no "" reasonable "" offers will be refused . order today ! ! ! ! ! free shipping ( no p . o . boxes please ) via ups ! print order form ship to : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do n't delay , these hard drives won ' t last long ! ! ! ! ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * mail payment cashiers check or money order no personal checks to : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( us funds only ! ) hal smalltalker , inc . 268 bush street # 3302 san francisco , ca 94104 u . s . a . fax : 1-925 - 432-9904 ( 24x7 ) - fax your order and mail your payment ! thank you for your kind attention , and have a nice day ! ! ! ! + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + visit http : / / 207 . 55 . 200 . 4 for some great web hosting deals ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! anon - a-spam ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * you can now spam using almost "" any "" isp in the world and do it all you want 24 hrs a day with absolute anonymity - nobody will ever know which isp you use unless you tell them which means the internet account you use for anon - a-spam will never get cancelled because of your spamming activities . sounds too good to be true ? ! ? yeah , you ' ve heard all this before but it never worked ? ! ? well we ' ve got an edge all those other hucksters did n't have . . . anon - a-spam was designed by a highly trained team of professional network engineers and computer programmers and it has been rigorously tested under every condition possible and it has proven to be 100 % effective in hiding the identity of the isp used to send the e-mails . need more proof ? just take a good look at the headers at the top of this e-mail ! you might have to turn-on the right option for your e-mail client so you can see the headers . . . think you know where this e-mail came from ? think again ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! after your fax and payment arrives we ' ll send you complete details on how you can get your hands on anon - a-spam so you too can begin mailing spam 100 % anonymously ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! order today ! ! ! ! ! free shipping ( no p . o . boxes please ) via ups ! print order form ship to : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do n't delay , these hard drives won ' t last long ! ! ! ! ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * mail payment $ 199 . 00 cashiers check or money order no personal checks to : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( us funds only ! ) hal smalltalker , inc . 268 bush street # 3302 san francisco , ca 94104 u . s . a . fax : 1-925 - 432-9904 ( 24x7 ) - fax your order and mail your payment ! thank you for your kind attention , and have a nice day ! ! ! ! + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 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",1
185,"Subject: this is new at 95 . 8 capital fm
 
 do n't want to receive these e-mails ? click the following link to remove your address from our mailing list : http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - boyzone chat - chat to the boys direct from the stage at wembley stadium ! - new releases - all the best new music . - fantasy record label - take your favourite bands to the top . - the truman show - win tickets to the preview ! - online music shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . - sportstime - live action and big games . + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - - boyzone - on october 11 we will bring you an exclusive chat with boyzone direct from the stage at wembley stadium ! join us from 5pm and for more information closer to the date come to : http : / / capitalfm . com - new releases - all the best new music . 911 , tina arena , hinda hicks , b * witched , fun lovin ' criminals and many more . to check them out come to : http : / / capitalfm . com - fantasy record label - take your favourite bands to the top . think you ' ve got what it takes to be a success in the music biz ? you can now try your hand with the return of the stunning fantasy record label game win new amazing prizes at : http : / / capitalfm . com - the truman show - win tickets to the preview and be first on your street to have seen the truman show ! jim carrey is truman who 's life is stuck in a soap opera . for your chance to win , go to : http : / / capitalfm . com - shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . our new music shop is going down a storm , and if you have n't checked out how easy it is to buy the latest and greatest music , do n't hesitate ! everything is done from your desktop and the next thing you know your favourite music is in your mailbox . and we ' re always here to help should you have any questions . for a new music buying experience come to : http : / / capitalfm . com - sportstime - live action and big games . vote now for the september player of month - alan shearer 's the favourite , but maybe you think different ? is george graham the right man for spurs - we focus on the biggest transfer of the season so far . england are back on the euro 2000 trail , with games against bulgaria and luxembourg and we ' ll have all the latest from the england camp . listen out for live commentary with the capital gold sport team when arsenal face panathanaikos in the champions ' league ( sept 30 ) and newcastle united at home in the premiership ( oct 4 ) . all this on : http : / / capitalfm . com
",1
186,"Subject: build your own calbe tv descrambler with only 7 parts !
 
 cable television descrambler - easy to make ! build your own cable television descrambler with only 7 parts from radio shack for under $ 12 . 00 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( last minute update : "" i ' ve seen my letter and instructions sent by individuals that besides violating copy-right laws , are neither responding to the customer nor providing the original , complete set of plans and instructions . please be advised you are risking your money and patience by ordering from individuals who know nothing regarding this tech / electrical matter "" - - raul mendez ) build your own cable television descrambler with only 7 parts from radio shack for under $ 12 . 00 . required supplies : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 1 - radio shack mini-box ( part # 270-235 ) 1 - watt resistor . 2 . 2k - 2 . 4k ohm ( part # 271-1325 ) 1 - 75pf - 100pf variable capacitor ( special order ) 2 - f61a chassis-type connectors ( part # 278-212 ) 12 "" - no . 12 solid copper wire 12 "" - rg59 coaxial cable tools required : screwdriver & drill . soldering gun & solder ( optional ) . get all the premium movie channels , pay per view and adult entertainment channels for . . . free , free , free ! ! ! now , if i have your attention . . . let me tell you how this fantastic opportunity came about . my name is raul . i live in new york city , new york . i have season tickets to our city s hockey team . i invited a friend of mine to one of the games this last october . he said , "" i d love to go if you can have me back home by 10 : 00 p . m . "" i told him that some games run just past 10 : 00 p . m . and would he mind we stay if the game was close . his response was , "" no , tonight is the mike tyson - evander holyfield boxing match and i have it on pay per view "" i said , "" do you mind if i watch the fight with you "" ? he said , "" sure , no problem "" . so we go watch this great fight on cable pay per view and we are the only two guys at my friends house . after the fight ( since it was so good ) i offered to pay half of the cost for the fight . my friends answer was , "" no , no , that s not necessary . . . i got the fight for free ! "" . i said to him , "" for free , don t those fights cost around $ 40 . 00 a pop ? "" he told me , "" yes , they do , but i bought a cable descrambler box from an acquaintance of mine for $ 300 . 00 "" . he further explained that this "" little black box "" gets all the pay per view events available ! it also tunes in all the premium movie channels and all the adult entertainment channels . my response ( without hesitation ) was , "" i gotta have one ! "" "" $ 300 . 00 , no problem where do i pay ! ! ! "" i m serious , i was excited . lifetime premium movie channels , pay per view and adult entertainment all for a one-time fee of $ 300 . 00 . . . no way ! ! ! "" no way "" was right . the guy that sold my buddy the box was no where to be found . i was really disappointed . it was now time for desperate measures . i begged and pleaded with my friend until he agreed to let me take his box apart piece by piece to see how to make one for myself . luckily it was very easy , if it wasn t simple i knew their was a slight chance it was not going back together so pretty . now the rest is history . . . i ve got my own box which i built with my own two hands . would you like to build one yourself ? ! ? ! if so , would you pay $ 300 . 00 . maybe so , maybe not . probably not , unless you saw one work first . but since that is not possible , i will sell you a complete set of instructions on how to build one yourself for a measly $ 12 . 00 . however , at that price you must also enclose a # 10 self addressed stamped envelope with 55 cents postage affixed . you might ask , is this some type of rip-off scam deal . the answer is no ! everything has specific mechanics of how and why they do what they do . we are just used to flipping a switch or pushing a button or moving the mouse across our computer pads . it all happens because of a certain set of processes . the cable television descrambler is no different . however , for legal purposes i must add to this letter that this offer and set of instructions shall be void where prohibited by law and the assembling of parts necessary to make this "" little jewel "" work is for educational purposes only . to order a set of the instructions send $ 12 . 00 by cash , check or money order payable to : raul mendez enterprises , 50 lexington av suite 209 , new york city , ny 10010 i will mail your order out within 24 hours of receiving it . further , i will give you a refund upon written request if you are unsatisfied for any reason . happy holidays ! ! ! sincerely , raul mendez p . s . : the use of this mini-box if you choose to go on and see if your creation works requires no alteration of your existing cable system . you simply screw it in , right behind your television . p . p . s . : without the instructions it s like figuring out how to set the clock on your vcr . with the instructions , you are guaranteed success .
",1
187,"Subject: $ 300 - $ 500 yours to keep
 
 how to increase your monthly income $ 300 - $ 500 immediately ! with "" smart money secrets "" . today 's fastest , easiest way to increase your monthly income ! no extra work , no selling or solicitation required . message - id : hundreds of people just like you are using these secrets and enjoying extra money each month . you do n't spend a single penny ; these secrets can be put in place immediately ! you will see results on your very next check . one secret will show you how to give yourself a tax free raise immediately ! stop letting the irs use money that belongs to you . this one secret will increase your monthly income $ 300 to $ 500 immediately , tax free . ( see p . 9 ) things that your insurance agent won't tell you . report reveals one single move that can save you $ 500 - $ 600 annually on your car insurance . ( see p . 3 ) have you been fooled by your banker ? they ' ll pretend these secrets simply do n't exist . do n't let them "" snow you "" . we show you how to blow their secrecy out of the water and save you hundreds of dollars - dollars you can spend next week . ( see p . 11 ) need legal help ? even the wealthy use free legal help . report reveals where to find free legal help , right in your area . ( see p . 13 ) ways to get money for college - in 1997 alone , almost $ 8 billion in college scholarships and low - cost loans was available , yet 75 % of it was n't claimed . report tells you where the money is and how to apply . ( see p . 16 ) proven strategies you can use to lift yourself back on the high road , beat the debt system and establish a solid financial foundation for your future . ( see p . 18 ) set up your own home base business to cut , slash and save $ 5 , 000 to $ 10 , 000 annually on taxes . ( even if your business shows a loss ) . dollars you can use for vacations , new car , new clothes , house payments , or just family fun ! ( see p . 20 ) attention homeowner - save on your mortgage . . . it pays to check loan for overcharges ; 9 , 000 adjusted rate mortgages checked , errors were found in nearly half . average refund owed to homeowners ; $ 1 , 588 . 00 . report reveals how to get free help ! ( see p . 22 ) you can put these programs in place immediately , increasing your monthly income $ 300 - $ 500 or more , month after month . it 's fast , simple , and easy ! the "" smart money secrets "" shows the steps required to execute these and the many other exciting money saving programs in the report . - 1 - if you want to start receiving extra income now ! you owe it to yourself to take a look at these programs immediately ! this amazing report normally sells for $ 49 . 95 , but if you orfer within the next ten days , you pay the discounted price of only $ 29 . 95 plus $ 3 . 00 for shipping . just for ordering , you will receive : a free bonus report "" what every motorist should know "" . a free special bonus report on "" grants - scholarships - financial aid for the college student "" . both ( valued at over $ 49 ) . yours free . to order : send check , cash or money order for $ 29 . 95 plus $ 3 . 00 for shipping and handling to : ratex corporation 2505 globe avenue dallas , texas 75228-4471 . all orders shipped first class immediately . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + cut here + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + yes , i want to purchase your "" smart money secrets "" for $ 29 . 95 plus $ 3 . 00 shipping and handling ( us dollars ) . with a 30 day money back guarantee . make checks or money order payable to ratex corporation check users : you can fax order form and copy of your check taped at the bottom of this form to ratex corporation . fax to : ( 214 ) 388-3251 24 hours a day . or drop it in the mail to : ratex corporation 2505 globe avenue dallas , texas 75228-4471 . check one : $ 32 . 95 ( ) or $ 39 . 95 ( ) for rush delivery ship to : name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ all orders shipped first class , immediately !
",1
188,"Subject: wasteland - the darker side of desire
 
 wasteland - the darker side of desire http : / / 207 . 240 . 121 . 137 / wasteland looking for high quality bdsm and fetish material ? wasteland offers the largest collection on the internet ! cutting edge content includes . . . . - over 30 , 000 thumbnailed photos in such catagories as bondage , cbt , male and female domination , fisting , latex , genital piercing modification , watersports , suspension , abduction and torture play and many others . - hundreds of great quality streaming bdsm and fetish videos in mpg , realaudio , vivo and quicktime formats . - realtime chat and interactive domination and submission features . - a massive collection of informative articles , faq 's and "" how to guides "" covering everything from the art of japanese rope bondage to effective slave training to sane and consensual bdsm and d / s practices . these features , plus hundreds of rare bondage and fetish videos by mail , bdsm commuunity personal ads , realaudio fiction and stories , domina guides , film and club reviews and many other features make wasteland a great place to visit ! featured on bbc television , boston magazine and bdsm magazine , wasteland is updated twice weekly with fresh , original bdsm and fetish content . come visit us today ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",1
189,"Subject: you have to see this
 
 i never thought i 'd be the one telling you this : i actually read a piece of e - mail & i ' m going to europe on the proceeds ! hello ! my name is karen liddell ; i ' m a 35 - year-old mom , wife , and part-time = accountant . as a rule , i delete all unsolicited "" junk "" e-mail and use = my account primarily for business . i received what i assumed was this = same e-mail countless times and deleted it each time . about two months ago i received it again and , because of the catchy = subject line , i finally read it . afterwards , i thought , "" ok , i give = in , i ' m going to try this . i can certainly afford to invest $ 20 and , on = the other hand , there 's nothing wrong with creating a little excess = cash . "" i promptly mailed four $ 5 bills and , after receiving the = reports , paid a friend of mine a small fee to send out some e-mail = advertisements for me . after reading the reports , i also learned how = easy it is to bulk e-mail for free ! = 20 i was not prepared for the results . everyday for the last six weeks , my = p . o . box has been overflowing with $ 5 bills ; many days the excess fills = up an extra mail bin and i ' ve had to upgrade to the corporate-size box ! = i am stunned by all the money that keeps rolling in ! i know it 's hard to believe , and there are those who will say it does n't = work , but it does ! my husband and i have been saving for several years to make a = substantial downpayment on a house . now , not only are we purchasing a = house with 40 % down , we ' re going to venice , italy to celebrate ! i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be = prepared to eventually set aside about an hour each day to follow up = ( and count your money ! ) , you will make at least as much money as we did . = you do n't need to be a wiz at the computer , but i ' ll bet you already = are . if you can open an envelope , remove the money , and send an e-mail = message , then you ' re on your way to the bank . take the time to read = this so you ' ll understand how easy it is . i was once a skeptic and if i = can do this , so can you ! the following is a copy of the e-mail i read : $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then read it again ! ! ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you = may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its = ability to generate large amounts of cash . this program is showing = fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population = desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not = require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best = of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go = to the bank ! = 20 this truly is the lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow = the easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams will = come true ! when followed correctly , this multi-level marketing program = works perfectly . . 100 % every time ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , cars , etc . this is your chance , do n't pass it up ! = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary = 20 electronic multi-level marketing program = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - this is how you will reach financial freedom : you will send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to = nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level businesses , you = will increase your business buliding your downline and selling the = products ( reports ) . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new = multi - level business online ( via your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial = reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive via "" snail mail "" = will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they = ordered . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s = it ! the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest multi-level marketing = business anywhere ! = 20 follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o = n s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the = 20 report you ' re ordering , your e-mail address ( important ! ) and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to the = 20 person whose name corresponds to that particular report . = 20 * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save = them on your computer and resell them . save this advertisement now ! * usually within 10 days you will receive , via e-mail , the four = reports . = 20 save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you = to send = 20 to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next = to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other = than is instructed below in steps "" a "" through "" f "" or you will lose out on = the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , = you ' ll = 20 also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this = method = 20 has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , take this advertisement = and = 20 remove the name and address under report # 4 . this person has = 20 made it through the cycle and is no doubt counting their 50 = grand ! c . move the name and address under report # 3 down to report # 4 . = 20 d . move the name and address under report # 2 down to report # 3 . e . move the name and address under report # 1 down to report # 2 . f . insert your name / address in the report # 1 position . please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address accurately ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and = save = 20 it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of = this = 20 letter . use the opening testimonial or write one of your own . if = you do n't save this ad now , it may soon be deleted from your mailbox . = 20 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the worldwide web ! advertising on the web is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . another avenue which you could use for advertising is e-mail lists . try = doing a search on a search engine for "" bulk e-mail "" or "" e-mail service "" = or = 20 "" e-mail lists "" . = 20 = 20 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the = report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service = 20 on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report ( checks not accepted ) - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets = of paper . - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of = the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address - - do n't forget = this ! , and ( c ) your postal address . it is suggested that you rent a = mailbox addressed to an assumed name to avoid your name and home address = being sent to millions of people . for an example , see the "" company "" = names listed below . - do not write anything on the envelope except your return address and = the recipient information . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 "" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales "" = 20 order report # 1 from : = 20 nei p . o . box 673355 marietta , ga 30067 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 "" major corporations and multi-level sales "" order report # 2 from : maricoa 2350 sring rd . # 30 - 194 smyrna , ga . 30080 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 "" sources for the best mailing lists "" order report # 3 from : smy p . o . box 673366 marietta , ga 30067 = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 "" evaluating multi-level sales plans "" order report # 4 from : ndz assoc . 1579f monroe drive , # 240 atlanta , ga 30324 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . = assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . = ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger = response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only = 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering = results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with = $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals = - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only = recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they = got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! = think about it ! your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can = afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and = e-mail is free ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow = 20 the directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when = 20 the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . = code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which = state = 20 that "" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . "" * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the = 20 instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , = continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you = should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , = continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more = orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already = working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front = of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching = which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more = income , send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! = there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially = the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it = won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof = that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy = money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow = the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . = 20 sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a = cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good = money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving = "" junk mail . "" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the = population and percentages involved . i "" knew "" it would n't work . doris = totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i = made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old "" i told you so "" = on her when the thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within = two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had = received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i = had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i = have joined doris in her "" hobby . "" i did have seven more years until = retirement , but i think of the "" rat race "" and it 's not for me . we owe it = all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system = is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large = amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i = checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return = for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i = received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my = mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided = that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way = that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , = was i surprised when i found my medium-size post office box crammed with = orders ! for awhile , it got so overloaded that i had to start picking up = my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years = of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't = matter where in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better = investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our = jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on = our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if = you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this = golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa order your reports today and get = 20 started on your road to = 20 financial freedom ! ! !
",1
190,"Subject: freshest email - addresses - ( for the pro or the newbie )
 
 this is a one time offer ! ! ! ! ! how would you like to build you business at higher level ? "" these lists are clean ! there are no duplicates , no embedded spaces , no trailing or embedded white noise characters , 96 % of them gathered in the last 3 weeks . no garbage addresses with more than one ' @ ' character , no embedded parentheses ' ( ' or ' ) ' , no addresses beginning with non-valid characters ( . . addresses must begin with 0 - 9 or a-z ) "" * * * ( if you happen to order more lists in the future , please send the name of the file containing the e-mail addresses , in that way , you won't get duplicates when re-ordering ! guaranteed ! ) * if you happen to order the complete database , i ' ll include four demo - e - mail blasters software titles available to you sent on a cd rom ( let 's you send up to 120 , 000 messages / hour along with a complete report on tricks of how to use these titles ( mach10 , stealth , direct mail , etc . also , tips on how to avoid your isp being cancelled due to unsolicited mailing ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = here 's a sample of the validity of our aol 's e - mail addresses mrbrown228 @ aol . com mrbrowncan @ aol . com mrbruce432 @ aol . com mrbruce @ aol . com mrbruns @ aol . com mrbrutals @ aol . com mrbrwne408 @ aol . com mrbryguy @ aol . com mrbs1038 @ aol . com mrbsmal @ aol . com mrbtrader @ aol . com mrbubb382 @ aol . com * note that they ' re extracted in the same way the aol user entered it originally . our addresses are 99 % valid and deliverable . they ' re extracted using the latest on database selection / filtering . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = e-mailing which can be sent in minutes or even seconds . computers are the future , even our children are operating them . just about every business you could possibly think of are associated with a computer . even you , otherwise you would not be reading this e-mail . there are over 65 million e-mail addresses through the internet exchange . in order to sell your products , they have to be advertised . and in order for you to buy them , they have to be advertised . you always need customers . what better way to find customers that you need ? through e-mailing . what faster way to send ads , letters and flyers at no postage charge to millions and millions of people ? through e-mailing . facts have proven that people who advertise their business is more likely to succeed than the ones who do not advertise . there are several reasons why you should try my method ; it 's low-cost , it will bring you clients , it will increase your profits , and you never have to take that trip to the post office and wait in line . what more pleasure do you want . you get to use it to your advantage . so use it . this method has helped thousands of businesses , whether it 's a home - base business or a large multi - million dollar corporation . it does not matter . what i have to offer is a 4 million e-mail addresses from all over the country . you can get 300 , 000 e-mail addresses for only $ 15 . 00 which is very reasonable price , and it 's guaranteed . for each additional 300 , 000 e-mail addresses add $ 10 . 00 . you are only spending $ 15 . 00 and believe me it 's worth every penny . this way , i dare you to try them out and see the profits . then you contact me if you want to purchase our whole 4 million addresses database . perhaps you might be wondering how could this person give so many e-mail addresses for so little money . on the other hand , you might be saying that this must be a scam , or they are not current listings . i believe that you must beat your competitors and give your customers 100 % satisfaction . if not , you lose them . i have over 3 million addresses , including yours . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = * order the aol 's complete database / non aol 's or both , and save ! ! the complete 2 million aol 's selected addresses : $ 50 the complete 2 million non - aol addresses : $ 50 both aol 's and non - aol 's databases : $ 90 i have over 5 million addresses , including yours ! ! = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = please send check or money order made payable to : raul mendez 50 lexington av . suite 209 new york , new york 10010 - usa money orders will make your order mailed / emailed the same day we receive it . * if you have any questions please call 212-591 - 2447 ask for raul . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = * please include your name and address so that your order can be returned within 2 - 4 days . if you choose to be e-mail please include your e-mail address . ( same day service ) ( only for $ 15 orders / 300 , 000 addresses . ) * the whole fresh 4 million database is shipped on cd rom , priority mail , along with demos of at least 4 software titles capable to send out your ads at amazing speeds . * * ( if you happen to order more lists in the future , please send the name of the file containing the e-mail addresses , in that way , you won't get duplicates when re-ordering ! guaranteed ! ) product / service to comply with the u . s . postal and lottery laws . title 18 sections 1302 and 1341 specifically states : "" products or services must be exchanged for money recieved . ""
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191,"Subject: we know you needed this , so . . . .
 
 greetings , this email is about fighting spam , and winning . > > please forward to your friends , family and co-workers to people that want to get spam out of their email : read this , you ' ll like what i am doing . . . . : ) to people that want to flame me for whatever reason : do n't be an egomaniac , i have a right to free speech , and the right to say it to a lot of people , so buzz off . - - - - - first let me tell you who i am and what i do . my name is robert young , i live in moscow , idaho , u . s . a . , and i have been using the internet since 1990 . i have watched the internet go from a small community of serious professionals to a roaring civilization of over 100 million people . until 8 months ago i had been a private investigator specializing in the apprehension of criminal fugitives . after 8 years of doing that i started getting burned out and decided to turn my life long hobby of programming computers into a full time job . now i write specialized applications for investigating and locating information on the internet . this summer , during the last week of july , i finally got fed up with the fact that i could not seem to get my 5 year old email address off of spam lists . i would reply to their emails with the word "" remove "" like most of them say and the next day i would get more . i sent my email address to remove lists , complained to administrators , postmasters , and my friends . none of it seemed to make a bit of difference . i decided to investigate the bulk email business . what i found made me so angry i almost blew a fuse . did you know : 1 . spammers steal valid email addresses and use them for return addresses . you could get the blame ! 2 . spammers purposely deceive filters designed to protect your email address . 3 . spammers "" hijack "" mail servers that are meant to relay messages from computer to computer . when they overload these servers , your legitimate email can be lost ! 4 . congress is not going to pass any laws in the united states anytime in the near future to stop this garbage , and they may never do so . some members of congress have actually campaigned through email . ( does that - really - surprise you ? ) 5 . when spammers register domain names with internic they never pay their bills because they know that the domain will be blocked and useless within 30 days , and interring gives them that long to pay before cutting them off . 6 . some spammers buy lists of accounts from hackers that have broken into internet service providers and use these accounts , that belong to other people , so they can connect to the internet without being concerned about losing the account . again , you get the blame , you lose your account . most of these spammers are genuine , authentic , certified jerks . i decided to get even , i took all of this very personally . within 3 weeks , the spam had dropped to a trickle . now i only get 2 or 3 a week instead of 7 or 8 each day . update : as of 02-oct - 1998 i have not gotten a single spam for 5 days . that 's a fact . i am starting to get comments from people that joined me two weeks ago that have noticed drops in their spam count of as much as 70 % . that is a fact as well . my list of active spammers is over 80 individuals now and it is growing every day . it does n't take government intervention , we all know that our government could n't feed a cat without spending $ 400 on a bag of cat food and starting 8 committees . what it does take is someone with the guts to take action , now ! what did i do ? first i recognized that spammers are not going to just quit , they make too much money doing it . the self righteous "" anti-spammers "" only wipeout mostly innocent business people with poor judgment . they have not put a single spam mailer out of business yet . not a one ! they just pop up with a different domain name , and dialup account the next day . the anti spammers have actually wiped out several potentially successful remove lists . you know why ? they do n't want it to end because then they would n't have a crusade anymore . think i ' m kidding ? i know who the anti-spammers are as well and believe me , their motivations are purely egotistical . in my opinion they have made spam worse by driving it underground and ruining the web based remove lists . try to go to www . remove-list . com , it is n't there anymore . so i am doing it different . human nature matters . . . i used my investigative experience to hunt down the - actual people - that were sending me spam . names , phone numbers , addresses , etc . it was n't easy but i had the background and knowledge to do it . i called each of these people and told them that if they did not immediately cease and desist sending mail to my address that i was going to give their name , address , phone number and anything else i had on them to every service provider in the country . that i would publish their information on the internet via the web , and that i would give their information to every ( legitimate ) anti - spam group i could find . i was polite and adult about the issue but i made it very clear that i was dead serious . nothing else has worked . people have been trying to get rid of spam for several years with no success . this method works ! ! ! if i told you i could do the same thing for you would you be interested ? i thought so . here is what you need to do : first : start your text editor ( notepad , vi , whatever ) second : type the following information and print it . first name last name primary email address ( remember your email may have two forms such as : joe @ isp . com and joe @ mail . isp . com . include both , contact your isp if you are n't sure ) family member ' s addresses ( one per line please ! ) third : mail this information to me : robert young attn : no more spam please ! ! ! c / o super fast services 116 e . 3rd . st . suite 206 moscow , id 83843 we need donations to support this fight . i started out doing this for friends and family , then their friends and family , and now it is starting to cost us a lot of money . please include a donation of five dollars either a five dollar bill , or a check made out to me . we are hoping that there are enough decent people out there that appreciate what we are doing and will pitch in a few bucks to help us pay for the phone calls , computer time , database searches , and hiring people to do the data entry for the 600 plus letters we are getting every day . p l e a s e h e l p ! i guarantee you will think it is the best five bucks you have ever spent if you are sick of spam . thanks for taking the time to reply to this letter , i hope to hear from you soon . working together we can defeat unwanted spam for good .
",1
192,"Subject: news and tv on your pc
 
 hi - i thought you might be interested in silicon http : / / www . silicon . com - it 's the best service i ' ve seen for it news and information . what 's really unique about it is that it has information that 's really relevant to my job and very good quality tv news and interviews . you should be able to check out the latest news by going to the inbox http : / / www . silicon . com / bin / bladerunner ? 30reqevent , + reqauth , 21046 what 's more there 's a chance of winning a sony dvd player ever week in october - all you have to do is register and use the service .
",1
193,"Subject: secret hardcore sex site . . .
 
 click here now to check it out ! http : / / www . pornocity . net / secret this is more than just hardcore sex . . . . . you will have unlimited access 24 hours a day to the most extensive collection of 5 live teen sex shows , 10 , 000 xxx movies , brand new xxx audio stories , anal sex , exclusive amateur . . . lesbian . . . gay . . . and 30 other categories of photo galleries . there are no per minute charges for anything ! you can even watch the videos of pamela lee and tommy lee doing the nasty ! ! ! shhhhhhh . . . . this site is not publicly advertised due to the explicit content ! click here now to enter http : / / www . pornocity . net / secret
",1
194,"Subject: income tax electronic filing & fast refunds business opportunity
 
 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / we mean no spam . this message is being sent to business oriented individuals who have shown interest in receiving information about how to capitalize on their computers . if you think that you are receiving this message by mistake , please kindly accept our apologies , and simply click on the remove _ from _ tax @ hotmail . com link . and your address will be removed from our future mailings . no message or subject necessary . just click on the link remove _ from _ tax @ hotmail . com , and pass the command to send . or read on to learn how you can set up and successfully operate your own income tax electronic filing & rapid refund business with $ 199 . 00 . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / tremendous opportunities in the income tax electronic filing and the fast refunds industry . everything you need to start and successfully operate your own electronic filing & rapid refunds business . tax preparation experience not necessary . intelligent software will take care of lack of experience . excellent add-on opportunity for service businesses such as travel agencies , auto insurance offices , clerical service bureaus , check cash & money transfer , car dealer . . . just think about any service business where there is room for a computer , and a wish for business expansion . and you ' re on . at the same time , it 's an ideal self-starter take-off opportunity for the individual computer users , desirous to capitalize on their computer , honestly and in a legitimate enterprise . that was actually the main reason why the eldatapronet efiler partner program ( eepp ) has been developed . if you are 21 or + of age , and ready to cash in the income tax industry , we will teach you how to become an irs authorized efiler . and as soon as you are approved as a new electronic filer and register with the eepp program , you will be able to electronically file your clients income tax returns , and print refunds checks right in the convenience of your home or office , as we said with no tax experience . we are so sure about the success of your fast refunds enterprise , and since our own success depends on yours , we are ready to pay you to subscribe to the eepp program . it 's a secret for nobody that h & r block and jackson hewitt have dominated the electronic filing & fast refunds industry during the last decade . what you might not be aware of , is that those companies only work 13 weeks a year , and they have cumulated billions of dollar profits , from the date the irs has inaugurated the electronic filing program in 1986 to the present days when the irs wants to ease the way for new electronic filers . h & r block franchise is sold out . but if you qualify , you can still buy a jackson hewitt 's franchise for a one time $ 20 , 000 . 00 franchise fee , plus a 6 % of your annual gross profit for national advertisement , and 12 % royaltee fee . it is not too high a price to pay for the service they offer . but we give the same service for free . the only thing you will have to buy is the eepp software package , that includes the tax preparation module that virtually everybody familiar with a keyboard can use the very first day to prepare any 1040 income tax ; the bank software that come with a solid database to help you manage your clientele and your fees , and the check writing module that allows you to download check files from the bank and print reatime refunds checks to your clients ; the eepp communication module that makes the transmission of your clients ' return information to the irs as easy as pressing a button ; and finally the eepp windows interface that seamlessly integrates all those valuable goodies in one piece of software . all this for only $ 596 . 00 . no royalty fee to pay , no adversing fee . all the profits are yours to keep . but we still think that an initial investment of $ 596 . 00 in a business you do n't know about may constitute a string significant enough to hold you back . so , to facilitate the entry to new subscribers we pay up to $ 397 . 00 off your first year eepp software package . leaving you with an initial investment of $ 199 . 00 . we are some kind of millionaires who are just giving money away , nor are we going to pretend that we are in this just to help you . no . we are in it just like you to make money . and we make money only when you make money . all the details you might need to understand how the electronic filing program and the eepp offer work are posted on the eepp web site . all the forms and applications you need to sign up , and make payment for subscription fee over the internet are also available on line . but , you will agree with me , if that site was advertised on the giant search engines , the information it contains would not be so valuable because the information it contains would become public domain . your prospective clients could access the same information that makes your business worth what it 's worth . if time is money , business is information . and that is why we give access to the eepp site to people who really mean to be in business . for the web address , and your partner id number ( pidn ) , just reply to this message ( by clicking on the reply to the author icon , if you are using microsoft internet explorer ) , or direct your inquiry and questions to tax _ biz _ 4 _ u @ hotmail . com , call in your inquiry at ( 407 ) 895-2306 . but why pay a phone call when it 's free to email ? do n't wait any longer . some of the discounts are available in limited quantity only .
",1
195,"Subject: cute karen gives free shocking sex ! !
 
 think there 's nothing new on the internet ? think you ' ve seen it all ? ? nope ! ! you ' ve never seen anything like this before ! watch my incredible hidden toilet cams ( inside the bowl looking up and from above looking down - you pick what you want to see ) ! ! ! you will be shocked and more than slightly sexually aroused - i guarantee it ! watch beautiful nude young women going to the bathroom , taking showers , trying on clothes , and more - without them knowing you are watching ! ! if you are adult , simply go to : http : / / 206 . 25 . 35 . 180 / adult / take a peek for free ! ! but that 's not all ! ! you also get 20 live nude shows of the world 's most beautiful naughty nude strippers and outrageous porn stars , 8 , 000 hardcore red-hot video streams , 50 , 000 steamy pictures , online raunchy men 's sex magazines , and as a bonus , you get free online chat with me - karen ( trust me , i give great sex chat ! ! ) - unlimited dirty chat with me online at no extra charge whatsoever ! ! wow ! ! wanna see what i look like ? my picture is here : http : / / 206 . 25 . 35 . 180 / adult / you ' ll be glad you came ! ! in pleasure , cute karen http : / / 206 . 25 . 35 . 180 / adult /
",1
196,"Subject: win a porsche and politically empower internet users ( 293 )
 
 if there was a way for you to win a 1999 porsche carrera and help a non-profit organization politically empower internet users , would you like to obtain all of the facts ? to find out how to win the porsche , see the site below or click on it . http : / / nonprofit2 . org / raffle / howtowin . htm * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 38105
",1
197,"Subject: move over bill gates ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
 
 subject : move over bill gates ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then read it again ! ! ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its ability to generate large amounts of cash . this program is showing fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go to the bank ! this truly is that lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow the easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams will come true ! when followed correctly , this electronic , multi-level marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , cars , etc . , - even retire ! this is your chance , so do n't pass it up ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary electronic multi-level marketing program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - basically , this is what we do : we send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level businesses , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new multi-level business online ( via your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive via "" snail mail "" will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they ordered . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s it ! the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest electronic multi-level marketing business anywhere ! follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if you do n't order them ) . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose name appears on the list next to the report . * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save them on your computer and resell them . * within a few days you will receive , via e-mail , each of the four reports . save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in steps "" a "" through "" d "" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , replace the name and address under report # 1 with your name and address , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . c . move the name and address that was under report # 2 down to report # 3 . d . move the name and address that was under report # 3 down to report # 4 . e . the name and address that was under report # 4 is removed from the list and has no doubt collected their 50 grand . please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address accurately ! ! ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this letter . 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the worldwide web ! advertising on the web is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * see bottom of this advertisement for special bulk e-mail rates just for responding to this ad . . . . . . . be sure to start your ad campaign immediately ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report - always send your order via first class mail - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets of paper - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and ( c ) your postal address . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 "" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales "" order report # 1 from : krl enterprises 5765 - f burke centre pkwy suite 362 burke , va 22015-2233 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 "" major corporations and multi-level sales "" order report # 2 from : mas po box 0814 frederick , md 21705-0814 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 "" sources for the best mailing lists "" order report # 3 from : gregory marketing po box 660037 dept # g1 utopia station , ny 11366-0037 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 "" evaluating multi-level sales plans "" order report # 4 from : hubbard house 103 hubbard road dept # h1 berwick , me 03901-2302 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think about it ! your cost to participate is practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 3 shows you the most productive methods for bulk e-mailing and purchasing e-mail lists . some list & bulk e-mail vendors even work on trade ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * reminder : see bottom of this ad for special bulk e-mail rates ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which state that "" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . "" * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! note : if you need help with starting a business , registering a business name , how income tax is handled , etc . , contact your local office of the small business administration ( a federal agency ) for free help and answers to questions . also , the internal revenue service offers free help via telephone and free seminars about business taxes . * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving "" junk mail . "" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population and percentages involved . i "" knew "" it would n't work . doris totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old "" i told you so "" on her when the thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i have joined doris in her "" hobby . "" i did have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the "" rat race "" and it 's not for me . we owe it all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md i just want to pass along my best wishes and encouragement to you . any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . i even checked with the u . s . post office to verify that the plan was legal . it definitely is ! it works ! ! ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i surprised when i found my medium-size post office box crammed with orders ! for awhile , it got so over - loaded that i had to start picking up my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't matter where in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to contact to get another copy , so i had to wait until i was e-mailed another program . . . 11 months passed then it came . . . i did n't delete this one ! . . . i made more than $ 41 , 000 on the first try ! ! d . wilburn , muncie , in this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * for a limited time only . . . . order your reports and take advantage of the following discounted bulk mailing rates if you mention that you are associated with "" krl enterprises "" e - mail your offer to 50 , 000 fresh e-mail addresses for only $ 49 . 00 ! e - mail your offer to 100 , 000 fresh e-mail addresses for only $ 69 . 00 ! or if you want to really make money . . . . . e - mail your offer to 500 , 000 fresh e-mail addresses for just $ 200 . 00 ! call 1-423 - 625-8787 and ask for ron anytime 5 days a week ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",1
198,"Subject: adult ad - viva la revolution
 
 viva la revolution ! ! ! ! ! ! forget gorditas , go for the gash ! viva la revolution ! ! ! ! thrust your self into the sexual revolution and cum out hard ! ! ! fight the resistance and fight for your right to have free sex ! ! ! ! join beautiful women in thier natural sexual independence ! ! ! drop your pants my fellow perverts , and stick your dick out for freedom ! ! !
",1
199,"Subject: re : urgent buy recommendation
 
 pdc innovative industries p d c i 1 / 4 ( $ . 25 / share ) the highly respected medical technology stock report of cupertino , ca has rated p d c i a "" strong buy "" with an initial price objective of $ 2 . 25 / share . p d c i has announced priority production of their proprietary hypo - sterile 2000 which renders medical contaminants harmless . the report indicates "" almost limitless demand in the market place for this revolutionary stand-alone medical device "" . for more information on p d c i go to : http : / / quote . yahoo . com / jfjg
",1
200,"Subject: extra holiday $ $ $ $ $
 
 i never thought i 'd be the one telling you this : i actually read a piece of e - mail & i ' m going to europe on the proceeds ! hello ! my name is karen liddell ; i ' m a 35 - year-old mom , wife , and part-time = accountant . as a rule , i delete all unsolicited "" junk "" e-mail and use = my account primarily for business . i received what i assumed was this = same e-mail countless times and deleted it each time . about two months ago i received it again and , because of the catchy = subject line , i finally read it . afterwards , i thought , "" ok , i give = in , i ' m going to try this . i can certainly afford to invest $ 20 and , on = the other hand , there 's nothing wrong with creating a little excess = cash . "" i promptly mailed four $ 5 bills and , after receiving the = reports , paid a friend of mine a small fee to send out some e-mail = advertisements for me . after reading the reports , i also learned how = easy it is to bulk e-mail for free ! = 20 i was not prepared for the results . everyday for the last six weeks , my = p . o . box has been overflowing with $ 5 bills ; many days the excess fills = up an extra mail bin and i ' ve had to upgrade to the corporate-size box ! = i am stunned by all the money that keeps rolling in ! i know it 's hard to believe , and there are those who will say it does n't = work , but it does ! my husband and i have been saving for several years to make a = substantial downpayment on a house . now , not only are we purchasing a = house with 40 % down , we ' re going to venice , italy to celebrate ! i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be = prepared to eventually set aside about an hour each day to follow up = ( and count your money ! ) , you will make at least as much money as we did . = you do n't need to be a wiz at the computer , but i ' ll bet you already = are . if you can open an envelope , remove the money , and send an e-mail = message , then you ' re on your way to the bank . take the time to read = this so you ' ll understand how easy it is . i was once a skeptic and if i = can do this , so can you ! the following is a copy of the e-mail i read : $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then read it again ! ! ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you = may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its = ability to generate large amounts of cash . this program is showing = fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population = desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not = require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best = of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go = to the bank ! = 20 this truly is the lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow = the easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams will = come true ! when followed correctly , this multi-level marketing program = works perfectly . . 100 % every time ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , cars , etc . this is your chance , do n't pass it up ! = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary = 20 electronic multi-level marketing program = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - this is how you will reach financial freedom : you will send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to = nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level businesses , you = will increase your business buliding your downline and selling the = products ( reports ) . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new = multi - level business online ( via your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial = reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive via "" snail mail "" = will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they = ordered . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s = it ! the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest multi-level marketing = business anywhere ! = 20 follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o = n s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the = 20 report you ' re ordering , your e-mail address ( important ! ) and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to the = 20 person whose name corresponds to that particular report . = 20 * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save = them on your computer and resell them . save this advertisement now ! * usually within 10 days you will receive , via e-mail , the four = reports . = 20 save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you = to send = 20 to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next = to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other = than is instructed below in steps "" a "" through "" f "" or you will lose out on = the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , = you ' ll = 20 also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this = method = 20 has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , take this advertisement = and = 20 remove the name and address under report # 4 . this person has = 20 made it through the cycle and is no doubt counting their 50 = grand ! c . move the name and address under report # 3 down to report # 4 . = 20 d . move the name and address under report # 2 down to report # 3 . e . move the name and address under report # 1 down to report # 2 . f . insert your name / address in the report # 1 position . please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address accurately ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and = save = 20 it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of = this = 20 letter . use the opening testimonial or write one of your own . if = you do n't save this ad now , it may soon be deleted from your mailbox . = 20 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the worldwide web ! advertising on the web is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . another avenue which you could use for advertising is e-mail lists . try = doing a search on a search engine for "" bulk e-mail "" or "" e-mail service "" = or = 20 "" e-mail lists "" . = 20 = 20 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the = report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service = 20 on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report ( checks not accepted ) - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets = of paper . - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of = the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address - - do n't forget = this ! , and ( c ) your postal address . it is suggested that you rent a = mailbox addressed to an assumed name to avoid your name and home address = being sent to millions of people . for an example , see the "" company "" = names listed below . - do not write anything on the envelope except your return address and = the recipient information . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 "" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales "" = 20 order report # 1 from : = 20 nei p . o . box 673355 marietta , ga 30067 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 "" major corporations and multi-level sales "" order report # 2 from : maricoa 2350 sring rd . # 30 - 194 smyrna , ga . 30080 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 "" sources for the best mailing lists "" order report # 3 from : smy p . o . box 673366 marietta , ga 30067 = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 "" evaluating multi-level sales plans "" order report # 4 from : ndz assoc . 1579f monroe drive , # 240 atlanta , ga 30324 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . = assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . = ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger = response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only = 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering = results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with = $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals = - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only = recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they = got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! = think about it ! your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can = afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and = e-mail is free ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow = 20 the directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when = 20 the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . = code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which = state = 20 that "" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . "" * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the = 20 instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , = continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you = should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , = continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more = orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already = working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front = of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching = which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more = income , send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! = there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially = the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it = won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof = that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy = money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow = the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . = 20 sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a = cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good = money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving = "" junk mail . "" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the = population and percentages involved . i "" knew "" it would n't work . doris = totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i = made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old "" i told you so "" = on her when the thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within = two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had = received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i = had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i = have joined doris in her "" hobby . "" i did have seven more years until = retirement , but i think of the "" rat race "" and it 's not for me . we owe it = all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system = is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large = amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i = checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return = for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i = received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my = mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided = that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way = that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , = was i surprised when i found my medium-size post office box crammed with = orders ! for awhile , it got so overloaded that i had to start picking up = my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years = of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't = matter where in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better = investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our = jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on = our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if = you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this = golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa order your reports today and get = 20 started on your road to = 20 financial freedom ! ! !
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201,"Subject: premium adult content
 
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202,"Subject: this is new at capital fm
 
 do n't want to receive these e-mails ? click the following link to remove your address from our mailing list : http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - velvet goldmine - glam 's back in ewan mcgregor 's new movie . - music news and releases - all the latest straight to your screen . - kele le roc - tomorrow 's british r&b superstar . - fantasy record label - take your favourite bands to the top . - online music shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . - sportstime - live action and big games . + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - - velvet goldmine - glam 's back in ewan mcgregor 's new movie . the scottish star heads back to the glittering days of glam rock in this wild new film with a stunning soundtrack . we ' re bringing a taste of the sparkling decade to your screens with clips of the movie and loads of ' velvet goldmine ' prizes at : http : / / capitalfm . com - music news and releases - all the latest straight to your screen . if you ' re looking for the hottest news and the latest releases , you know where to come . capitalfm . com is the only place for breaking news , tour dates , gossip , and all the releases as they hit the street . stay in touch with : http : / / capitalfm . com - kele le roc - tomorrow 's british r&b superstar . british r&b is showing strong against the american flavour , and kele le roc is hotly tipped to be at the forefront . we ' ll be talking to tomorrow 's superstar as her stunning single ' little bit of lovin ' ' is released , at : http : / / capitalfm . com - fantasy record label - take your favourite bands to the top . the ultimate music game has been running for a couple of weeks , but it 's never too late to take part and become a success in the music biz . pick the bands who can take you to the top of the charts and win you some amazing prizes at : http : / / capitalfm . com - shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . our new music shop is going down a storm , and if you have n't checked out how easy it is to buy the latest and greatest music , do n't hesitate ! everything is done from your desktop and the next thing you know your favourite music is in your mailbox . and we ' re always here to help should you have any questions . for a new music buying experience come to : http : / / capitalfm . com - sportstime - live action and big games . this saturday we ' ll be focusing on the premiership with live coverage of arsenal v southampton , two clubs at opposite ends of the top flight . . . the gunnners are back in europe next week , as we bring you live action from wembley in the champions ' league . . . the following sunday you can hear live commentary of blackburn v arsenal with jonathan pearce , the voice of football . . . plus previews , reports and goals from all the top games around the country as well as a chance to chat with wimbledon star robbie earle over the web . all this at : http : / / capitalfm . com + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - advertisement want to save money on your favourite cds ? stupid question ! at cd paradise we ' ve got exclusive offers on the latest albums for readers of this e-mail . robbie williams . . . beatiful south . . . placebo . . . and loads more ! do n't miss out on the money-saving prices at : http : / / www . cdparadise . com / capitalfm + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - advertisement this is the place to go if you ' re looking for more capital ! if you ' re looking for a low cost loan that you can apply for online , from a responsible company , go to this link http : / / www . eloan . co . uk whether it 's for a new or used car , something for the home or a holiday , eloan is a new internet unsecured loan which let 's you borrow from seven hundred and fifty pounds to ten thousand pounds at just 11 . 9 % apr fixed . with a fixed interest rate , eloan allows you to plan ahead with confidence , keeping your monthly repayments the same , regardless of interest rates generally . for instance , if you wanted to borrow four thousand pounds over thirty six months without insurance cover at an apr of 11 . 9 % fixed , your monthly repayment would be one hundred and thirty one pounds sixty seven pence , with a total repayment of four thousand , seven hundred and forty pounds , twelve pence . so whatever you ' re after , visit this link and checkout the real-time loan calculator you can choose a loan amount , repayment term and insurance option to suit your needs and apply online . http : / / www . eloan . co . uk eloan is a trading style of black horse finance limited , a subsidiary of the lloyds tsb group . written quotations are available on request . black horse finance limited ( usl ) , freepost , bournemouth bh8 8br . + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + -
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203,"Subject: skytop sales - - save over $ 100 on a digital camera !
 
 if you ' ve been searching for a high-resolution , feature-laden digital camera that produces images with incredible levels of detail and color depth , and which has a price tag that won't break the bank , well , you ' ve probably wondered if such an unlikely animal exists . . . it does . and skytop sales has it . http : / / 207 . 13 . 239 . 101 / cgi-bin / rtr ? 91byvpm1scp9pdbo3lc0hxy5klcz3c announcing the svmini - 209 from sound vision - - a digital camera that utilizes the latest technology to deliver ultrahigh-quality images ( 2000x1600 pixels ! ) at an affordable price . never heard of sound vision ? you probably know their products . sound vision is a camera manufacturer . their customers , in most cases , are large companies who brand the cameras sound vision makes and resell them as their own . one such company , for example , is selling a sound vision camera under its own very well-known label ; that camera retails for $ 479 . ( or more . the middlemen have to make their dough , of course . ) that same camera under the original manufacturer ' s label is called the sound vision svmini - 209 . through skytop sales , it 's only $ 349 . by sacrificing the big label and eliminating the middlemen , you save eighty bucks on the identical unit . and to sweeten the deal even further , we ' ll include $ 125 worth of memory enhancements at no additional cost . to have a look at the svmini - 209 , please visit our web site by following the link below . ( and bear in mind that you ' ve probably already seen this camera , if you ' ve been doing any comparison shopping . it just had a different name , and cost more . ) http : / / 207 . 13 . 239 . 101 / cgi-bin / rtr ? 91byvpm1scp9pdbo3lc0hxy5klcz3c the most camera your money can buy . . . sound vision uses new cmos sensor technology at the heart of its svmini - 209 to deliver greatly increased resolution at a lower cost . in fact , sound vision 's cameras were the first on the market to use cmos sensors instead of the traditional ccd sensors used in other digital cameras . the benefits of cmos technology : - higher resolution - - the svmini - 209 captures huge 3 . 2 megapixel images ( that 's 2000x1600 pixels ! ) - lower cost than ccds - - get more camera for the dollar - lower power draw - - dramatically increased battery life knock-out images and accompanying sound can be stored either in camera internal memory or on removable flash memory cards , both linear and sandisk . level - selectable jpeg compression allows you to find the right balance of image quality and memory economy . ( the module which allows the svmini - 209 to use sandisk cards , called the minidisk option , normally is a separate purchase . like we said : we ' re throwing it in for free . that , and a free 2 mb sandisk card - - a combined value of $ 125 ! ) taking great photos with the svmini - 209 is effortless . in addition to the red , green , and blue color receptors common to other digital cameras , the svmini - 209 features a fourth receptor for teal , which dramatically increases possible color depth ( and , in fact , more closely mimics the capabilities of the human retina ) . a sophisticated auto-exposure algorithm prevents the over-saturation of highlights while still preserving shadow detail . an automatic electronic flash guarantees that your shots will be lit to perfection , every time . the experts know . . . byte magazine reviewed the svmini - 209 in its november ' 97 issue , and gave the camera the highest rating , five stars . byte says , "" . . . it delivers ultra-high quality digital images at a relatively bargain price . "" ( the bargain price they ' re talking about is $ 479 . we ' re offering $ 100 + savings over the bargain price . ) to learn more about this outstanding camera , and for a comprehensive discussion of its features , ( and to order ! ) follow the link below : http : / / 207 . 13 . 239 . 101 / cgi-bin / rtr ? 91byvpm1scp9pdbo3lc0hxy5klcz3c prices for digital cameras span the spectrum . compare its features and benefits with other cameras , and you ' ll find that the svmini - 209 is way more camera for way less cost . compare its features and benefits with the same camera under a popular brand name , and you ' ll find that the svmini - 209 is the identical camera for waaay less cost . thanks for your time ! your friends at skytop sales p . s . digital images have so many fantastic applications : spice up a business proposal or presentation , design a dazzling web site , email photos to friends and family all over the world , create your own photo art using one of the popular graphics programs on the market . the possibilities are endless . . . and with the ultrahigh-quality images of the svmini - 209 in hand , you ' re limited only by your imagination . p . p . s . our agreement with soundvision allows us to sell the svmini - 209 for $ 349 for a limited time only . please act quickly . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - this mailing is intended to be of interest to a large audience and to communicate a valuable offer . if you have no interest in this offer , be advised that other valuable promotions will be featured in future mailings which may be of interest to you . however , if you have no desire to receive offers of value from us in the future , please click the link below to remove yourself from our mailing list . http : / / 207 . 13 . 239 . 101 / cgi-bin / rem ? vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx copyright 1998 , skytop sales . the information contained in this email message may not be published , broadcast , rewritten , or otherwise distributed without the express written consent of skytop sales .
",1
204,"Subject: fast delivery
 
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205,"Subject: mistress shaved invites you to a free fetish party
 
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",1
209,"Subject: free credit - 60852
 
 if you have bad credit this message could change your life ! if you do not have bad credit , no need to send us a message to remove you from our mailing list , for this offer will only be sent once , so if you are not interested , just delete . we are providing a compiled list of 14 banks , including names , addresses and phone # 's , who offer unsecured visa and mastercards - meaning no security deposit ! for those with bad credit . we also have 6 phone # 's and 2 addresses of businesses who offer signature , business , and personal loans by mail , with absolutely no collateral ! no co-signers ! these loans range from as little as $ 500 to $ 25 , 000 for signature and personal loans and $ 5 , 000 to $ 1 , 000 , 000 for business loans . they are structured at competitive rates with flexible repayment schedules designed for people with bad credit . in addition , we also have 3 phone # 's for bad credit auto financing , a list of 20 banks who offer low interest , low deposit , secured cards and 7 merchant phone # 's for those with no credit , bad credit , or even bankruptcy . and if that was n't enough , a list of 7 merchants who offer computers to people with bankruptcy or no credit with no money down . last but not least , we ' ll include testimonials from those who have had success stories matched with the appropriate lending institutions . this free bonus information is all contained within our "" clean up your credit manual "" . our manual is a complete step by step instruction on how to correct your credit , just like the professionals do , only we save you hundreds of dollars to do it . our manual will help you restore your credit so that you may once again finance a home , buy a car , or go on that vacation you ' ve always dreamed about . our manual can be purchased for $ 15 . 00 ( $ 1 . 00 of which will be donated to cancer / aids foundations ) . the manual will be sent through e-mail for this amount . ( similiar lists and credit card searches currently run for $ 49 to $ 300 for only a third of the information we have which does n't even mention how to clean up your credit - this information will cost you at least $ 1000 if done by a professional ) if the manual must be sent by regular mail , fax , or check by fax , check by telephone , the cost is $ 20 . 00 because of the additional expense . we are delivering this information cheaply because we were once in your shoes and know how you feel - unfortunately , we must provide for our families therefore , we must exchange this information for money . someday we hope to offer it for nothing . be sure to indicate how you would like to receive your information - email address , fax number , home address , etc . . . . . if you are in a rush for the information and have a checking account please notify us by phone with your name , address and phone # to 1-412 - 886-1151 and we can take your information over the phone or by fax , thereby releasing our credit manual to you instantly via email . please forward these requests on to 1 - 412-886 - 1151 this department processes these requests only ! remember this methods will be an extra $ 5 . 00 because of the additional cost the bank charges us to process this method . we at ekel link have distributive rights with all companies listed in our manual , meaning we have the right to give out their phone # ' s and addresses . therefore , we have permission to publish them as "" bonus information "" in our "" clean up your credit manual "" . unless you acquire the same rights we suggest you think twice about selling this information for a profit or giving it away . those currently selling the information without such permission will be notified shortly of their fatal mistake ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - summary information please send cash , check or money order to information below . payable to : ekel link send to : ekel link rr # 2 suite 614 - a ruffsdale , pa 15679 . pay review : $ 15 . 00 advance purchase ( meaning you send us the money first i . e . cash , check or money order ) then we will e-mail the manual to you . do n't forget to give us your email address ! $ 20 . 00 advance purchase ( meaning we accept your checking account information by fax or by phone ) then we email you our manual . you must contact us at 1-412 - 886-1151 to do this ! $ 20 . 00 advance purchase ( meaning you send the money first ) then we fax or send you the manual . do n't forget to give us your mailing address or fax phone # ! $ 25 . 00 advance purchase ( meaning we accept your checking account information by fax or phone , call 1 - 412-886 - 1151 ) then we fax or send your our manual through postal mail . void where not legal by law . we are not professional financial consultants . we are not a credit institution or loan service . therefore , we can not offer a loan or a line of credit to you . what you are paying us for is a manual which describes our method of success on cleaning up our credit files . all attempts to clean up credit may vary depending on the efforts and circumstances of each individual . all banks and loan by mail services are responsible and completely liable for their own personal guarantees , we are not . if you decide to do business with any of the listed banks or loan institutions by mail , you agree to forward all questions pertaining to their services to them and not to us . we can and will only answer questions pertaining to the manual which descibes our own personal credit cleaning successes . all other info considered "" bonus information "" we are not liable for . we are disclosing these statement of claims because of the overwhelming response to answer questions which we have no knowledge or authority to answer . the choice to order is yours - all we know is the information helped us . if you have bad credit and you are looking for an easy route to scam someone else out of money , such as a bank or loan who does you a favor - please do not order from us - we are commited to helping people - not enouraging people to make bad situations worse . any knowledge of such suspicions or information relating to scams will be reported immediately . so if you have had a bad experience on the internet - let us know ! we are pro-actively trying to eliminate such commerce on the internet . in fact , tell us your story , we have just added a new section to our manual called , "" never be scammed again "" , with the people 's permission , we are including personal stories of bad experiences or "" scams "" they ' ve had on the internet . so even if you do n't purchase , at least give us your story to help stop such businesses on the internet and protect the consumer . we will answer as many questions as we can , so do n't hesitate to keep in touch . any suggestions or updated information is appreciated and will be rewarded . ( rewards warranted and merited at our discretion ) as we have stated before , this is a one time offer and will only be emailed to you once ! so order now ! $ 15 could change your life drastically as it has ours . thanks for visiting - hope to talk to you soon . good luck and god bless you and your family . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ekel link rr # 2 suite 614 - a ruffsdale , pa 15679 united states 1-412 - 886-1151 p . s . sorry our return email address probably is out of commission because so many rich business men complained about our message and don ' t like to see the small business man help the needy ! therefore , you must either write us or call the number above . thanks again and take care !
",1
210,"Subject: get money stuffing envelopes
 
 dear future associate , you can work at home & set your own hours . start earning big money in a short time no newspaper advertising ! your job will be to stuff and mail envelopes for our company . you will receive $ 2 . 00 for each and every envelope you stuff and mail out . just follow our simple instructions and you will be making money as easy as 1 2 3 for example stuff and mail 200 envelopes and you will receive $ 400 . 00 . stuff and mail 400 and you will receive $ 800 . 00 . stuff and mail 500 and you will receive $ 1 , 000 and more never before has there been an easier way to make money from home ! our company 's home mailing program is designed for people with little or no experience and provides simple , step by step instructions . there is no prior experience or special skills necessary on your part , just stuffing envelopes . we need the help of honest and reliable home workers like you . because we are overloaded with work and have more than our staff can handle . we have now expanded our mailing program and are expecting to reach millions more with our offers throughout the us and canada . our system of stuffing and mailing envelopes is very simple and easy to do ! you will not be required to buy envelopes or postage stamps . we will gladly furnish all circulars at no cost to you . we assure you that as a participant in our program you will never have to mail anything objective or offensive . there are no quotas to meet , and there no contracts to sign . you can work as much , or as little as you want . payment for each envelope you send out is guaranteed ! here is what you will receive when you get your first package . inside you will find 100 envelopes , 100 labels and 100 sales letters ready to stuff and mail as soon as you are done with stuffing and mailing these first letters , your payment will arrive shortly , thereafter . all you have to do is to order more free supplies and stuff and mail more envelopes to make more money . our sales literature which you will be stuffing and mailing will contain information outlining our highly informative manuals that we are advertising nationwide . as a free gift you will receive a special manual valued at $ 24 . 95 , absolutely free , just for joining our home mailers program . plus you will get your own special code number , so that we will know how much you are to get paid . and to make re-ordering of more envelopes , that our company supplies very simple for you . we are giving you this free bonus because we want you to be confident in our company and to ensure that we will be doing business with you for a long time . benefits of this job : 1 . you do not have to quit your present job , to earn more money at home 2 . you can make between $ 2 , 500 to $ 4 , 500 a month depending on the amount of time you are willing to spend stuffing and mailing envelopes 3 . this is a great opportunity for the students , mothers , disabled persons or those who are home bodies . to secure your position and to show us that you are serious about earning extra income at home we require a one-time registration fee of $ 35 . 00 . this fee covers the cost of your initial start up package , which includes 100 envelopes , 100 labels and 100 sales letters and a manual , your registration fee will be refunded back to you shortly thereafter . money back guarantee ! we guarantee that as soon as you stuff and mail your first 300 envelopes you will be paid $ 600 . 00 and your registration fee will be refunded . many of you wonder why it is necessary to pay a deposit to get a job . it is because we are looking for people that seriously want to work from home . * if 3 . 000 people told us they wanted to start working from home and we sent out 3 . 000 packages free to every one . and then half of the people decided not to work , this would be a potential loss of more than $ 60 , 000 in supply 's and shipping that we have sent out to people that do n't want to work we have instituted this policy to make sure that you really want to work and at least finish your first package . to get started today please enclose your registration fee of $ 35 check , cash or money order and fill out the application below and mail to : hmc co 11054 ventura blvd # 265 studio city , ca 91604 name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone number ( s ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for all orders , please allow seven ( 7 ) days for delivery and up to 10 days .
",1
211,"Subject: best debt elimination software available ! free demo ! great gift !
 
 best debt elimination software available ! free demo ! great gift ! you do n't need to earn a penny more than you do now ! you do n't need to = wait 20 , 30 , even 40 years to get out of debt ! nor retire in hock to your creditors and survive on the edge with social security alone ! you can get out of debt in five to seven years on average ! and you do n't need to be a financial wizard to do it . ( please see the end of this message for remove suggestions . ) your financial independence day debtfree for windows ( tm ) will show you how to get out of debt and will help you pin down your debt - freedom date , your financial independence day ! this easy-to - use program will calculate and display your step-by - step accelerated debt-elimination plan . then it will help you develop and monitor your accelerated wealth-accumulation plan . this top-of - the-line software can even show you the exact date you will become a debt-free millionaire ! please read on to find out how this powerful yet user-friendly program can help you obliterate your debt and achieve solid financial independence in much less time than you would have thought possible ! in using this impressive software you will discover how you can become free from the financial bondage of north america 's credit-dependent economic systems - - systems which funnel most of the wealth you produce over your working life into the vaults of money companies . . . specifically , giant credit companies . federal statistics show that 96 % of north americans do not achieve financial freedom - - little wonder when they hand paycheck after paycheck to the money companies . it 's been a dead-end street for most of us , but now we have an effective tool to defeat this cycle of financial slavery . what ' debtfree for windows ' can do for you the debtfree ( tm ) for windows ( tm ) will show you how to : - pay off all your debts , including your home mortgage , in about 5 years using the money you already make ! ! - teach you how to operate 100 % on cash never needing or wanting credit again ! - show you how to direct the money you once wasted on mortgage , car and credit card payments into simple , safe investments , thus . . . - allow you to live as you choose off the income generated from those investments , and never have to work again ! the debt - free & prosperous living program ( tm ) which is presented in this software is already working to free more than 150 , 000 = 20 american and canadian families from debt and credit-dependency . = 20 they are achieving the financial independence we all dream of = 20 having . you , too , can free yourself ! now using the debtfree for windows ( tm ) debt - elimination and wealth building software you can : - calculate and display your step-by - step accelerated debt-elimination plan . - establish your debt-freedom date and monitor your progress towards it . - show you how unplanned costs or windfalls may affect your debt payoff . - show you the exact date you ' ll become a debt-free millionaire . receive an interactive demo of this software by visiting our internet website at : http : / / www . aframeri . com / debtfree . and start doing what you want , living where you want and being who you want ! if the address above is underlined , you may be able to click on it to go directly to the site . otherwise , launch your browser , netscape or internet explorer , and enter the address in the address box at the top of your screen . ( you can = 20 select and copy the address above and paste it in your browser 's = 20 address box . ) you will soon be using the finest debt-elimination = 20 and wealth-building software available anywhere ! you might = 20 imagine this powerful software costing many hundreds of dollars = 20 because it will be worth many thousands to you , but it actually = 20 costs far less than that . for details , visit the web site . why not = 20 visit the site now while the thought is still fresh in your mind ? = 20 this could be a historic , life-changing moment for you - - your = 20 financial re-birthday ! = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( to be permanently removed from this list , and from most responsible direct mailing lists , please register your e-mail address with a public remove list like those at http : / / www . infobyte . com / remfile . htm , http : / / www . cmtgroup . com / cmt / remove . html , or http : / / www . remove-me . com / - - when they are up . if you received = 20 this e-mail in error , we regret any inconvenience . also , please = 20 do not reply to the "" from "" or "" reply to "" fields above , but use the = 20 contact information contained in the software . thank you . )
",1
212,"Subject: > > > holiday in florida ! < < <
 
 ` , , ` , , ` , , ` florida / bahamas / cancun family holiday ! ! ! ! ` , , ` , , ` , , ` you have been selected to enter for a limited time only ! family getaway for 2 adults 3 children or 4 adults ! offer now available world wide for a limited time only ! if selected you could enjoy : 1 . 4 days 3 nights in magical orlando florida , home of disney world where you will enjoy the hospitality of either the comfort suites or holiday inn . have a blast with a free family pass to watermania water park in orlando . you will also receive the orlando "" magic card "" entitling you to hundreds of dollars worth of discounts in the orlando area ! ! ! ! ! ! 2 . then enjoy 3 days 3 nighs in sunny cocoa beach florida , living it up at the hilton overlooking the atlantic ocean ! ! ! put the kids to bed early . . . . . . and enjoy 2 complimentary adult casino cruise tickets ! ! ! ! ! 3 . a complimentary alamo rental car with unlimited mileage for your stay in florida ( must carry a mjor credit card for car rental deposit ) register now to take advantage of this once in a lifetime holiday and if you qualify enjoy . . . . . . . . this special online offer ! ! ! reply within 48 hours of receipt and you will also recieve : 2 bonus mini vacations > 4 days / 3 nights in beautiful cancun , mexico at the piramides cancun beach resort ! ! > 4 days / 3 nights in nassau , grand bahamas at the marriott crystal palace resort & casino all of this for only $ 678 for 2 adults and 3 children , or 4 adults ! ! ! ! ! ! ( if you do qualify you will need to secure promotional fees on a major credit card to guarantee your travel date ) register now ! ! ! reply to maryj @ digital . intersponse . com with ' holiday ' as the subject and the following information : full name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state ( or county ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip ( or postal code ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ age ( must be 21 ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ married ( yes / no ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ if yes , spouses name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ day phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ evening phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ best time to call : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ which credit card do you use : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please include information for all fields , incomplete registrations will be discarded . this is not a contest , lottery or sweepstakes . you are qualified based on demographics such as age , area you live in , etc . qualified entrants will be contacted by one of our experienced travel representatives with the full details . only one phone call per household . ( all fields must be filled completely in order to be a valid entry . this info will remain completely confidential ! ) this covers all fees except for any incidentals such as phone , food , gratuities , and hotel taxes which are paid directly to the hotel . removal : if you would like to be removed from our mailing list , respond to jorry @ digital . intersponse . com with ' remove ' in the subject and your email address in the body .
",1
213,"Subject: save money on your phone bill
 
 i hope you do n't object to a complete stranger mailing you this , but i believe this to be an opportunity too good to be missed by anyone . i ' m looking forward to saving money on my phone bill and so can you : - to save money on your phone bill please read this message carefully tcw telecoms direct ltd least cost routing gives you the opportunity to save money on all of your phone bills all of the time . how much will you save ? local calls 15 % regional calls 30 % national calls 30 % international calls 30 % landline to mobile 10 % ( discounts shown are against bt standard rates . rates track bt on a daily basis , for pricing information see bt ) now here comes the best bit - you can save even more every month by referring friends . simply tell your friends about the tcw lcr service . give them your customer number ( located on the top left of your contract when you have become a customer ) ( call 01235 442350 and quote account number de / 184374 to become a customer yourself ) ask your friends to call tcw telecoms direct ltd on 01235 442350 . let tcw telecoms direct ltd do the rest . how will tcw thank you ? you ' ll receive credits for every month that your recommended friends continue to use the tcw service . every month there will be a loyalty referral discount on your bill . the more friends you refer , the greater your monthly credit will become - and yes - this credit is every month . so become a tcw customer now and then call your friends . in time , your phone bill from tcw telecoms direct could read zero ! how do you become a tcw customer ? call tcw telecoms direct ltd on 01235 442350 now and give them the account number de / 184374 - you , me and your friends will soon be saving money on your phone bills - even more so if you all recommend the service to others . good luck and here 's to smaller phone bills for everyone ! ! more details follow for those wishing to know more about how this service works if you are already receiving discounts from bt or your cable operator , you may not see the benefit of using the tcw service as the discounts above may not seem attractive . however , remember that by recommending friends your resultant discounts over bt standard rates could become 100 % every month due to the referral credits appearing on your tcw bill . in other words , by recommending friends you can reduce your tcw bill to zero over time . i have just asked tcw / telecoms direct customer service what happens to calls to numbers such as 0845 that get used for internet access , and apparently these are discounted the same as local calls , i . e . 15 % ( or more when you recommend friends ) . please call them yourself to confirm on 01235 442350 . what is least cost routing ? least cost routing is a system designed to save you money on all your local , regional , national and international calls as well as calls to mobile phones . why is least cost routing allowed to exist ? least cost routing is relatively new in the uk and has come about since the government passed a bill to deregulate the national telephone system . this ended the bt monopoly , allowing tcw telecom direct to offer you a highly competitive service with substantial discounts on your calls . how does it work ? least cost routing works by simply re-routing your calls through tcw 's billing system . it does this via a free "" smart box "" that attaches to your phone and bt or cable socket . in other words , you keep your existing telephone number , dial as normal , and receive exactly the same high quality service . you will then receive a bill from your existing telephone company for line rental and maybe some specialised calls and another bill ( lower than before ) from tcw for your local , regional , national and international calls as well as calls to mobile phones . your combined bill will , of course be lower . effectively nothing changes , but the total price you pay . the "" smart box "" is plugged into your existing bt or cable wall socket which is used for the majority of your calls . your phone is then plugged into the "" smart box "" . you then use your phone as per normal and save money . if there is heavy usage from another extension , you may consider requesting a second smart box . there is no minimum contract period . what will your bill from tcw show ? fully itemised call details with number of calls , type of calls ( local , regional , national , international , mobile ) , duration of calls , cost of each call , how much the calls would have cost without least cost routing .
",1
214,"Subject: great on - line casino !
 
 don , ted : i guess i owe you guys lunch . who would have thought the lions would beat tampa bay ! ! aaarghh ! since you guys are so clever when it comes to picking winners maybe you should check out the new on-line sportsbook and casino i found ! check it out ! click here you can bet on this weekend 's college and nfl games or play blackjack , poker , craps , slots or baccarat in the casino . guys , its awesome . there 's no software to download and you can place your bets by telephone or over the internet ! ! try it out . they ' ll set you up on-line at : http : / / www . rosieschalkisland . com or call my man , "" island bud "" at : 1-800 - 248-4115 dan p . s . call me crazy guys , but i actually bet on the lions and made over $ 120 . 00 . thanks for the tip ! ! u e
",1
215,"Subject: 
 
 10 / 27 / 98 y2k solution ! 8 pine circle dr . , silicon valley , calif . otc company "" tcfg "" 21 st . century frontier group has through several members of their administrative research department leaked vital information about their companies efforts . . . everyone was tight lipped and interviews were refused , and through un-named sources we have learned that the technology and software solution are in the process of being patented ! in over 1640 trials , using various data systems the use of the new technology and software solved the y2k problem 100 % of the time . this small publicly traded company "" tcfg "" which is just 3 years old is through various sources now negotiating with the "" big boys "" ! "" tcfg "" the letters to look for !
",1
216,"Subject: free sex
 
 hello . are you an adult ? do you have a credit card ? do you want so much porn you won't be able to handle it ? 5000 video feeds avi & quicktime movies 50 , 000 pictures 10 , 000 sex stories teen sex videos ( modles are 18 ) click here for a 2 . 95 $ membership you must be 18 and you need a credit card . . . there is absolutly no free porn on the site so if you are under 18 or not intrested in signing up do n't even bother .
",1
217,"Subject: this is new at 95 . 8 capital fm
 
 do n't want to receive these e-mails ? click the following link to remove your address from our mailing list : http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - halloween - get spooked with our prize-winning specials . - primary colors - all the gossip from the movie premiere . - still crazy - rock , roll and laughs on the big screen . - hot new music - all the best new releases straight to your screen . - fantasy record label - take your favourite bands to the top . - shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - - halloween - get spooked with our prize-winning specials . why should the ghosts and undead have all the fun this halloween ? we ' ve got a bumper package of spooky fun for you . catch up on the latest and greatest scary movies and win boxed sets of classic horror flicks , or prepare for some spellbound prizes with b * witched right here : http : / / capitalfm . com - primary colors - all the gossip from the movie premiere . john travolta and emma thompson star in this revealing portrait of an adulterous us president , and its release could n't be timed any better ! we ' ll have all the gossip straight from thursday night 's star-studded premiere , so head over to : http : / / capitalfm . com - still crazy - rock , roll and laughs on the big screen . it 's a crazy tale of an unlikely bunch of rock stars , including jimmy nail and billy connolly , and it 's about to crash onto the big screen . we ' ve got a stack of wild rock ' n ' roll prizes to be won in our ' still crazy ' competition , so do n't miss the fun at : http : / / capitalfm . com - hot new music - all the best new releases straight to your screen . it 's a big week for new music , and we ' ll be bringing you all the info on the latest releases . as well as our regular round-up of the music that should be spinning in your cd player , we focus on megastars celine dion and u2 and their unmissable new albums . for all that 's hot in hit music you need : http : / / capitalfm . com - fantasy record label - take your favourite bands to the top . the ultimate music game has been running for a couple of weeks , but it 's never too late to take part and become a success in the music biz . pick the bands who can take you to the top of the charts and win you some amazing prizes at : http : / / capitalfm . com - shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . our new music shop is going down a storm , and if you have n't checked out how easy it is to buy the latest and greatest music , do n't hesitate ! everything is done from your desktop and the next thing you know your favourite music is in your mailbox . and we ' re always here to help should you have any questions . for a new music buying experience come to : http : / / capitalfm . com * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement compaq mtv competition the glamour , the glitz , the fame . . . and you could be part of it all . compaq , the world 's coolest pc manufacturer are offering the chance for you and a friend to attend the 1998 mtv europe music awards in milan . with stars like all saints , aqua , robbie williams and many more you will feel part of the dizzy atmosphere . what 's more , we even want you to tell us all about it because we want you to be our reporter for the event . sounds too good be true ? well click on the icon on the capital radio site and find out more . . . but hurry , there 's no business like show business . http : / / capitalfm . com * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement titanic 7up competition how many cans of 7up does it take to fill your bathtub ? if your guess is 365 then you do n't want to miss out on the chance to win a years supply of 7up , absolutely free ! enter the 7up / titanictesco competition on the capital radio websites and you could be in with a chance of winning bath full of fizzy refreshment . whether or not you choose to get into the bath of 7up or save it to drink , is entirely up to you if you buy 2x6packs of 7up at tesco you can scoop yourself a free poster too . http : / / capitalfm . com * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement compaq presario competition instant access to the internet , accelerated graphics , dolby digital surround . no , we are not talking about the latest in space technology but the new compaq presario . you can win it just by entering the competition on the capital radio website . if you want to experience the performance for yourself , all you have to do is pop into capital radio , leicester square , london and there will be a presario in the foyer just for you to play with . so , click on the icon on the capital radio site and enter the compaq competition today . . . http : / / capitalfm . com * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement we have teamed up with cd paradise to provide you with some fantastic & exclusive offers ! special discounts are available on new items from robbie williams . . . the beautiful south . . . . placebo . . . . rem . . . . south park and many , many more ! but do n't delay , visit the site now while stocks last at : http : / / www . cdparadise / capitalfm
",1
218,"Subject: promote your business online .
 
 do you know what the number one factor is that will determine whether your business is a success or not ? advertising ! effective conventional advertising is quite expensive . so what do you do ? direct email is one of , if not thee most effective method of advertising in the 90 's . you can get your ad out to hundreds of thousands , even millions , for only a fraction of the cost of traditional advertising . the wave of future advertising is here , do n't miss it . we have gone through painstaking methods to insure that we have the best quality lists on the internet . we send your ad for your , all you have to do is create it . 50 , 000 emails sent . . . . . $ 200 500 , 000 emails sent . . . . $ 1 , 100 1 , 000 , 000 emails sent . . $ 1 , 750 ( * special * reply to this mail and get $ 250 off if you send 1 million ! ) if you would rather use your own list , you can do that too ! for more informaiton , or to sign up , visit our website at http : / / www . emcu . com / . we also host email auto responders ! if you ' re in the market for one of those , visit our site too . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - this message is sent in compliance of the new e-mail bill : section 301 , paragraph ( a ) ( 2 ) ( c ) of s . 1618 sender : electronic marketing concepts unlimited . 103b washington street , doniphan , mo 63935 phone : 1-800 - 724-6644 ext : 8762234444 e - mail : info @ emcu . com * to be removed from our mailing list , simply ignore this message . * this ad is not intended for nor do we knowingly send to washington state residents . * responding to the "" return address "" will not have your name removed .
",1
219,"Subject: electric motors
 
 dear sir / madam we are manufacturers of electric motors viz . ac . motors , dc . motors , and special type of motors . we have entered into international market and are getting orders in bulk quantities from manufacturers of motors , they market these motors under their own brand name in bulk at the price they think for them notpossible to manufature in their home country . we offer six months site facility against confirmed and irrevocable letter of credit of any prime bank in us dollars . visit us at http : / / www . elmomachines . com for our wide spectrum of products . awaiting for a favourable response from your end . regards , anuj patel proprietor telefax : + 91 79 6421347
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220,"Subject: visit us in the tropics
 
 $ : 0 ` 0 : $ x , 88 , x $ : 0 ` 0 : $ x , 88 , x $ : 0 ` 0 : $ x , 88 , x $ : 0 ` 0 : $ x florida / bahamas / cancun family holiday ! ! ! ! $ : 0 ` 0 : $ x , 88 , x $ : 0 ` 0 : $ x , 88 , x $ : 0 ` 0 : $ x , 88 , x $ : 0 ` 0 : $ x you have been selected to enter for a limited time only ! family getaway for 2 adults 3 children or 4 adults ! offer now available world wide for a limited time only ! if selected you could enjoy : 1 . 4 days 3 nights in magical orlando florida , home of disney world where you will enjoy the hospitality of either the comfort suites or holiday inn . have a blast with a free family pass to watermania water park in orlando . you will also receive the orlando "" magic card "" entitling you to hundreds of dollars worth of discounts in the orlando area ! ! ! ! ! ! 2 . then enjoy 3 days 3 nights in sunny cocoa beach florida , living it up at the hilton overlooking the atlantic ocean ! ! ! put the kids to bed early . . . . . . and enjoy 2 complimentary adult casino cruise tickets ! ! ! ! ! 3 . a complimentary alamo rental car with unlimited mileage for your stay in florida ( must carry a mjor credit card for car rental deposit ) register now to take advantage of this once in a lifetime holiday and if you qualify enjoy . . . . . . . . this special online offer ! ! ! reply within 48 hours of receipt and you will also recieve : 2 bonus mini vacations > 4 days / 3 nights in beautiful cancun , mexico at the piramides cancun beach resort ! ! > 4 days / 3 nights in nassau , grand bahamas at the marriott crystal palace resort & casino all of this for only $ 678 for 2 adults and 3 children , or 4 adults ! ! ! ! ! ! ( if you do qualify you will need to secure promotional fees on a major credit card to guarantee your travel date ) to register go to : http : / / nocutoff . dynip . com this is not a contest , lottery or sweepstakes . you are qualified based on demographics such as age , area you live in , etc . qualified entrants will be contacted by one of our experienced travel representatives with the full details . only one phone call per household . ( all fields must be filled completely in order to be a valid entry . this info will remain completely confidential ! ) this covers all fees except for any incidentals such as phone , food , gratuities , and hotel taxes which are paid directly to the hotel .
",1
221,"Subject: ! - - - - - * - - - - - ernie 's 8 - - - - * - - - - - !
 
 every week ernie evaluates some of the hottest sites on the internet in the most popular categories ! ! this week 's hot pick category is "" gaming sites "" ! check out some of our picks for the hottest sites . free casino sites ( win bucks with no risk ! ) : click here click here gambling search engines ( visit the most popular gambling sites on the internet ! ) : click here click here sports handicapping sites ( free sports selections ) : click here click here gambling information sites ( get the latest news ) : click here click here stayed tuned for next week and our hot "" travel "" picks ! !
",1
222,"Subject: free live video sex ! ! !
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * attention video sex lovers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * never pay for video sex ever again . brand new totally free live video = sex website . come check out over unlimited live video sex channels ! http : / / 209 . 25 . 83 . 24 / indexc . htm
",1
223,"Subject: very important ! read carefully
 
 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # this message is intended for adults only . # # # # if you are not a legal adult over the age # # # # of 18-21 years old or are offended by # # # # adult related material , please delete this # # # # message now . to be removed from this list # # # # please enter your e-mail address at # # # # http : / / www . replyman . com # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 5680 xxx picture on one cd-rom only $ 99 http : / / www . sexcatalog . ch / hotasia / index . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * it ' s true ! we offer you one single cd-rom with 5690 hardcore pictures . * no download time ! * no membership ! * incredibly a lot of pictures ! * top quality pictures only ! * free delivery around the world * free thumpsplus program which allows you an easy preview of the pictures * free unlimited access to our homepage member area ( value of $ 45 ) they are categorized as : * 3000 pic . of nude top models * 1500 pic . of asian hardcore * 460 pic . of blowjobs * 380 pic . of closeups * 130 pic . of anal * 110 pic . of wet girls order now at : http : / / www . sexcatalog . ch / hotasia / free . html free samples at : http : / / www . sexcatalog . ch / hotasia / password . htm username : models password : 156354 ! ! ! we do deliver around the world for free ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * free windows desktop calendar http : / / www . ips . ch / usa / files / calender . exe * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * we just released a brand new windows desktop tool . bored of having the same background picture every day ? our desktop calendar for windows 95 and 98 can change that . every day you see a new desktop picture and a monthly calendar which will bring you the present day . you can even easily add your favorite pictures . * no shareware * no demo version * no function limitation * it ' s 100 % free download : http : / / www . ips . ch / usa / files / calender . exe more infos : http : / / www . ips . ch / usa / index . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * website submission to 250 + search engines for only $ 29 . 95 http : / / www . ips . ch / usa / register-it . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * for a limited time only we register your homepage url in 250 + search engines such as yahoo , altavista , excite , infoseek , lycos . . . for only $ 29 . 95 ( regular price $ 99 ) . after we register your homepage you receive a confirmation e-mail with all the search engines that we register you in . simply fill out the form at : http : / / www . ips . ch / usa / register-it . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * visit this homepages * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * in english : http : / / www . sexcatalog . ch / hotasia http : / / www . ips . ch / erotik . htm http : / / tour . teenie-sex . com / t180 / * in german : http : / / www . sexkatalog . ch http : / / www . ips . ch http : / / www . server4free . ch - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - all offers are good through 11-30 - 98 if you like to get more e-mails for us then send us a e - mail to register @ ips . ch , please ad the word register in the subject - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",1
224,"Subject: we tried calling you , please call ! ! ! !
 
 free internet service , no cost no monthly fees call now ! * free free * 1-800 - 395-9268 * free free * 24 hrs website submission service _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ we review your website , give you the appropriate meta tags , and submit each major page of your site to over 600 search engines , media , links , etc . . . we also send you a report ! ! ! we will get your website noticed to millions within just a short couple of weeks . . . after we submit your website to 600 search engines we will resubmit your site every month for 6 months ! * * all this for just $ 199 . 00 * * 1-800 - 395-9268 24 hrs / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / this message was composed using extractor pro bulk e - mail software . if you wish to be removed from this advertiser 's future mailings , please reply by calling our toll free 800 # , giving your email address our software will automatically block you from their future mailings . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
",1
225,"Subject: visit us in the tropics
 
 ` , , ` , , ` , , ` florida / bahamas / cancun family holiday ! ! ! ! ` , , ` , , ` , , ` you have been selected to enter for a limited time only ! family getaway for 2 adults 3 children or 4 adults ! offer now available world wide for a limited time only ! if selected you could enjoy : 1 . 4 days 3 nights in magical orlando florida , home of disney world where you will enjoy the hospitality of either the comfort suites or holiday inn . have a blast with a free family pass to watermania water park in orlando . you will also receive the orlando "" magic card "" entitling you to hundreds of dollars worth of discounts in the orlando area ! ! ! ! ! ! 2 . then enjoy 3 days 3 nighs in sunny cocoa beach florida , living it up at the hilton overlooking the atlantic ocean ! ! ! put the kids to bed early . . . . . . and enjoy 2 complimentary adult casino cruise tickets ! ! ! ! ! 3 . a complimentary alamo rental car with unlimited mileage for your stay in florida ( must carry a mjor credit card for car rental deposit ) register now to take advantage of this once in a lifetime holiday and if you qualify enjoy . . . . . . . . this special online offer ! ! ! reply within 48 hours of receipt and you will also recieve : 2 bonus mini vacations > 4 days / 3 nights in beautiful cancun , mexico at the piramides cancun beach resort ! ! > 4 days / 3 nights in nassau , grand bahamas at the marriott crystal palace resort & casino all of this for only $ 678 for 2 adults and 3 children , or 4 adults ! ! ! ! ! ! ( if you do qualify you will need to secure promotional fees on a major credit card to guarantee your travel date ) to register go to : http : / / travelking . tzo . com this is not a contest , lottery or sweepstakes . you are qualified based on demographics such as age , area you live in , etc . qualified entrants will be contacted by one of our experienced travel representatives with the full details . only one phone call per household . ( all fields must be filled completely in order to be a valid entry . this info will remain completely confidential ! ) this covers all fees except for any incidentals such as phone , food , gratuities , and hotel taxes which are paid directly to the hotel .
",1
226,"Subject: some think so ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
 
 - - adults only - - why the government does n't want you to see this ! click me
",1
227,"Subject: good luck ! ! ! !
 
 - - adults only - - the most fun you can have sitting up ! ! click here
",1
228,"Subject: this is new at 95 . 8 capitalfm
 
 do n't want to receive these e-mails ? click the following link to remove your address from our mailing list : http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - e-17 - chat to them , meet them and see them live ! - showtime in ny - pictures from the showtime teams week in new york . - make it better - your last chance to tell us how to make the site better . - new movies - a good week for great new movies . - music news - the latest news and gossip . - sportstime - live action including , arsenal v spurs and england . + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - - e-17 - chat to them , meet them and see them live ! enter now to be the lucky winner who gets to see them play live and meet them after the gig ! the band will join us for a live chat before they play on monday the 12th at 5pm , so make sure to log in to ask them all your burning questions at : http : / / capitalfm . com - showtime in new york - the showtime team are broadcasting live from new york this week and will be joined by foxy for a drivetime new york extravaganza live on friday the 13th . we have all the pictures of their adventures at : http : / / capitalfm . com - make it better - this is your last chance to tell us how to improve our site . we have received lots of great ideas and are working to improve the sites to your liking . tell us more at : http : / / capitalfm . com - new movies - with the london film festival in full swing it 's a good week for some great new movies to be released . we preview the cream of the crop so that you can pick your selection : http : / / capitalfm . com - music news - we have all the latest news and gossip at : http : / / capitalfm . com - sportstime - live action and big games . this saturday we ' ll be focusing on the premiership with live coverage of arsenal v spurs . and then get ready for england to take on the czech republic on the 18th . for the best previews , reports , pictures and live action , come to : http : / / capitalfm . com + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - advertisement cd paradise we have teamed up with cd paradise to provide you with some fantastic & exclusive offers ! special discounts are available on new items from robbie williams . . . the beautiful south . . . . placebo . . . . rem . . . . south park and many , many more ! but do n't delay , visit the site now while stocks last at : http : / / www . cdparadise . com / capitalfm + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - advertisement crusading croc prepares for christmas ! for those of you who are always stuck for christmas present ideas , fox interactive , a leading u . s . games publisher owned by 20th century fox , has just announced the launch of the highly acclaimed no . 1 playstation platform game , croc : legend of the gobbos , onto the prestigious playstation platinum range . check out fox interactive online at : http : / / www . foxinteractive . com / + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - advertisement schnapp at the chance ! it 's new . it 's fun . it 's schnapper ! sparkling cider mingling with peach flavour schnapps - an extra touch of class . but more than that , you and three friends could win tickets to the exclusive schnapper party at the capital radio caf in london . click below to find out more http : / / capitalfm . com / schnapper / + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - advertisement win a new compaq presario instant access to the internet , accelerated graphics , dolby digital surround . no , we are not talking about the latest in space technology but the new compaq presario . you can win it just by entering the competition on the capital radio website . enter the compaq competition today . . . http : / / capitalfm . com / compaqmtv /
",1
229,"Subject: your request
 
 need a new driver 's license ? too many points or other trouble ? want a license that can never be suspended or revoked ? want id for nightclubs or hotel check-in ? avoid tickets , fines , and mandatory driver 's education . protect your privacy , and hide your identity . the united nations gave you the privilege to drive freely throughout the world ! ( convention on international road traffic of september 19 , 1949 & world court decision , the hague , netherlands , january 21 , 1958 ) take advantage of your rights . order a valid international driver 's license that can never be suspended or revoked . confidentiality assured . call now ! ! ! 1-937 - 586-9313 2b4e5
",1
230,"Subject: no snow ? ! ? !
 
 to be removed from this mailing list click here congratulations ! you have been selected to enter for a limited time only ! family holiday for 2 adults and 3 children or 4 adults ! if selected you could enjoy : > > > 4 days 3 nights in magical orlando florida , home of disney world where you will enjoy the hospitality of either the comfort suites or holiday inn . have a blast with a free family pass to watermania water park in orlando . you will also receive the orlando "" magic card "" entitling you to hundreds of dollars worth of discounts in the orlando area ! ! ! ! ! ! > > > > then enjoy 3 days 3 nighs in sunny cocoa beach florida , living it up at the hilton overlooking the atlantic ocean ! ! ! put the kids to bed early . . . . . . and enjoy 2 complimentary adult casino cruise tickets ! ! ! ! ! > > > > a complimentary alamo rental car with unlimited mileage for your stay in florida ( must carry a major credit card for car rental deposit . ) register now to take advantage of this once in a lifetime holiday and if you qualify enjoy . . . . . . . . this special online offer ! ! ! 2 bonus mini vacations > 4 days / 3 nights in beautiful cancun , mexico at the piramides cancun beach resort ! ! > 4 days / 3 nights in nassau , grand bahamas at the marriott crystal palace resort & casino all of this for only $ 678 for 2 adults and 3 children , or 4 adults ! ! ! ! ! ! ( if you do qualify you will need to secure promotional fees on a major credit card to guarantee your travel date . ) register now ! ! ! click here to register ! this is not a contest , lottery , or sweepstakes . you are qualified based on demographics such as age , area you live in , etc . qualified entrants will be contacted by one of our experienced travel representatives with the full details , only one phone call per household . ( all fields must be filled out completely in order to be a valid entry . this info will remain completely confidential ! ) this covers all fees except for any incidentals such as phone , food , gratuities , and hotel taxes which are paid directly to the hotel .
",1
231,"Subject: finalists announced ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
 
 - - adults only - - i dare you ! ! click this
",1
232,"Subject: hello !
 
 to experience the hottest , hardest , female sex site on the net : click here for hot women ! or if you prefer some hot , gay male action : click here for gay men this is an unsoliscited e-mail of an adult nature . if you wish to be removed from this advertiser 's future mailings , please reply with the subject "" remove "" and this software will automatically block you from their future mailings . to experience the hottest , hardest , female sex site on the net : click here for hot women http : / / 208 . 166 . 75 . 251 / ~ greatxxx / 1 / index . html or if you prefer some hot , gay male action : click here for gay men http : / / 208 . 166 . 75 . 251 / ~ greatxxx / 2 / index . html this is an unsoliscited e-mail of an adult nature . if you wish to be removed from this advertiser 's future mailings , please reply with the subject "" remove "" and this software will automatically block you from their future mailings .
",1
233,"Subject: seasons greetings from santa !
 
 santa at onlinenow wishes you happy holidays , merry christmas and a happy , prosperous new year . onlinenow world wide directories http : / / onlinenow . net / frames /
",1
234,"Subject: requested
 
 increase your personal prestige and money earning power through an advanced university degree . eminent , non-accredited universities will award you a degree for only $ 200 . degree granted based on your present knowledge and experience . no further effort necessary on your part . just a short phone call is all that is required for a ba , ma , mba , or phd diploma in the field of your choice . for details , call 770-492 - 2925 br72
",1
235,"Subject: 
 
 increase your personal prestige and money earning power through an advanced university degree . eminent , non-accedited universities will award you a degree for only $ 200 . degree granted based on your present knowledge and expirence . no further effort necessary on your part . just a short phone call is all that is required for a ba , ma , mba , or phd diploma in the field of your choice . for details , call 770-492 - 2925
",1
236,"Subject: this is scary ! ! !
 
 thirst ! as seen on television "" cryptosporidium "" is in a neighborhood near you ! this can actually happen that is why they made a television movie about it . they want to educate the public on parasites . parasites are the # 1 silent killer ! we have to do something to protect ourselves from this terrible menace . if you did n't get to see the movie let me just briefly explain what happened and why it is important to do something about it . a very small parasite by the name of "" cryptosporidium "" , got into the cities reservoir . it contaminated their drinking water and those people who drank the water became ill and many of them died . you see parasites need a "" host "" to live and multiply . we as humans can become that host . there are many different types of parasites and there are many ways that we can contract them . here are just a few sign of parasites ; chronic fatigue , bodily aches and pains , skin problems , headaches , constipation , arthritis , gas and bloating , loss of appetite , sexual dysfunction , uncontrollable weight , itchy ears , nose and anus , premature aging , forgetfulness , menopause , and pms to mention a few . it is scary to know just how easily it is to get contaminated by a parasite . we can contract them by eating uncooked meat and fish , from vegetables , casual contact , sexual contact , swimming in lakes and streams , we can contract them from our pets and from the air we breathe . these are just a few of the ways . can you even begin to understand the potential danger we are living with each and every day ? you have two choices you can ignore them and let them eat you alive . by doing this you know your ultimate fate . you are headed toward the path of sickness , disease and possibly death . you can however , choose to do something about it now and change all that ! i know the road my family and i are taking . i only hope that you do the same ! if you choose to live a healthier , more productive life , and wish to obtain additional information on what you can do to protect yourself and your loved ones call 1-813 - 677-2217 . this message is brought to you from someone who cares may god bless you !
",1
237,"Subject: we ' re brighter , better and faster than ever !
 
 we ' re brighter , better and faster than ever ! we asked you how you thought the site could be made better - and now we ' ve gone and done it ! we hope that you find the site much quicker and easier to navigate . we are still running many exclusive and exciting competitions and events as you will see below ! breakfast competition - win a trip to thailand for two weeks and take a friend ! to celebrate our new look chris tarrant will be giving two clues to a location on wednesday the 18th and two clues on thursday the 19th . if you can figure out what places chris is talking about , then go to the site to enter the competition . you have to enter all four locations correctly in our e-mail form . if you are the lucky winner you will know on friday morning , as chris will pick the lucky winner before 9am ! but there is more ! you will also be able to see chris live as the whole breakfast show will webcast and between the hours of 8and 9am you ' ll be able to chat to chris live in the chat room ! so join us at : http : / / capitalfm . com drivetime webcast and chat - see foxy present his show and chat to him live from 5 - 5 . 30pm on wednesday the 18th . foxy is a very busy man these days with presenting not only the drivetime show but also the pepsi chart on sundays as well as on channel 5 . to find out all the inside gossip , join us at : http : / / capitalfm . com jackie chan - see him live and request a stunt ! action film hero jackie chan will be live on showtime on thursday the 19th at 7 . 30pm . you can ask him any question you want from the website and why not request that he performs a special stunt just for you ! then watch all of it live as we will be webcasting the whole event . join us for some special kung fu action at : http : / / capitalfm . com billie - chat live with billie on wednesday the 18th at 6pm ! chart topping teen sensation will be here to take all your questions and maybe dish out some advice as well . join us with the number one girl on the number one site at : http : / / capitalfm . com lutricia mcneal - join her for dinner ! she is back with a strong single for christmas . you can see the full video of on the site ! but that is not all ! you can also enter our competition to be one of a select few to have dinner with her ! for our exclusive coverage go to : http : / / capitalfm . com nell mcandrew - chat with the real lara croft on monday nov . 23 at 6pm . nell mcandrew is all action all the time in tombraider iii . to find out what is was like to be the fiercest girl around and film all around the world come ask your questions at : http : / / capitalfm . com rex the runt - watch clips of the new series from the makers of wallace and gromit before you can see it on tv ! and we have an exclusive competition where you can win one of the actual models that were used to make the series ! this and many other incredible animations can be found at : http : / / capitalfm . com in addition to all of that you can win tickets to exclusive screenings , win a part in a panto , request songs for foxys jukebox via e-mail , be part of the tv soap family affairs , win cds and cinema tickets , get the inside scoop on all the stars and much much more . for the bigger , faster , better and improved website , please go to : http : / / capitalfm . com
",1
238,"Subject: university degree programs
 
 university degree programs increase your personal prestige and money earning power through an advanced university degree . eminent , non-accredited universities will award you a degree for only $ 200 . degree granted based on your present knowledge and experience . no further effort necessary on your part . just a short phone call is all that is required for a ba , ma , mba , or phd diploma in the field of your choice . for details , call 770-492 - 2925
",1
239,"Subject: this is new at capitalfm . com
 
 do n't want to receive these e-mails ? click the following link to remove your address from our mailing list : http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - robbie williams - the lad with no regrets . - steve penk ' s capital punishment iii - listen and buy online . - winning lines - win celine dion videos . - chris tarrant live from phuket - see all the action . - stand up and laugh - we talk to all the top comics . - madonna - from material girl to earth mother . - shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - - robbie williams - the lad with no regrets . every one 's a winner ! robbie 's latest single , ' no regrets ' , looks set to be as big a hit as his previous fantastic tunes and we take a long hard look at the cheeky chappie of pop , his rollercoaster ride of stardom , and his hidden depths . it 's a must for all your robbie fans , so head over to : http : / / capitalfm . com - steve penk ' s capital punishment iii - listen and buy online . if you can't get enough of steve 's wicked wind-ups , you ' ll be pleased to hear there 's a whole new collection out now . the third volume of penky 's pranks is sure to have you cracking up with laughter , and it could be on your doorstep real soon . at capitalfm . com you can listen to some of the wind-ups and securely purchase the cd online . so head straight to : http : / / capitalfm . com - winning lines - win celine dion videos . did you guess last week 's lyrics were from robbie williams 's ' let me entertain you ' ? every week we ' ve got a few lines from a fantastic hit song and you simply have to guess which track it is . sound easy ? if you ' re right a celine dion video could be yours , so test your musical knowledge at : http : / / capitalfm . com - chris tarrant live from phuket - see all the action . ct 's broadcasting live from thailand all this week , and not only can you listen live to the fun at capitalfm . com , but we ' ll have all the behind the scenes photos so you can see it too . to see chris working hard ( no , really ! ) come on over to : http : / / capitalfm . com - stand up and laugh - we talk to all the top comics . top comics may be lured to hilarious tv quiz shows , but eventually they return to what they love best : stand-up . this week we ' ve got interviews with the best of the bunch including jack dee and frank skinner , and you could win tickets to see jeff green live on stage . all the best laughter at : http : / / capitalfm . com - madonna - material girl to earth mother . it does n't seem long since mads was a bright young newcomer to the pop scene , and since then she 's reinvented herself over and over again . as she releases the great single ' the power of goodbye ' we examine the woman who 's more maternal than materialistic , and her 8 million selling album ' ray of light ' . keep up with the style setter at : http : / / capitalfm . com - shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . our online shop has been renovated and is sporting a smart new look , making it an even better place to browse the latest and greatest music . we ' ve also added a second floor with a whole range of goods in time for your christmas shopping - why battle with the high street crowds when you can do it all from the comfort from your own home ? for a new shopping experience come to : http : / / capitalfm . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement crusading croc prepares for christmas ! for those of you who are always stuck for christmas present ideas , fox interactive , has just announced the launch of the highly acclaimed no . 1 playstation game , croc : legend of the gobbos , onto the prestigious playstation platinum range . only a select number of games make it into this elite range which offers gamers the opportunity to purchase high profile games at the reduced price of just 19 . 99 . http : / / capitalfm . com / crocplat / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement schnapp at the chance ! it 's new . it 's fun . it 's schnapper ! sparkling cider mingling with peach flavour schnapps - an extra touch of class . but more than that , you and three friends could win tickets to the exclusive schnapper party at the capital radio caf in london . click below to find out more http : / / capitalfm . com / schnapper / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement if the only browsing you do is in the shops on a saturday . . . then take a few minutes to read about what you might be missing ! do n't miss the arrival of 3com us robotics 56k modem with v . 90 standard is a modem that 's powerful enough to access your favourite sites faster and more reliably . you want to win one ? then click the link below to find out more : http : / / capitalfm . com / 3comusrob / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement southpark kicks ass this xmas ! warning - this software contains coarse language , sick , twisted humour and scenes of violence and due to its contents should only be viewed by like-minded dudes ! http : / / capitalfm . com / southparkss / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement win a new compaq presario instant access to the internet , accelerated graphics , dolby digital surround . no , we are not talking about the latest in space technology but the new compaq presario . you can win it just by entering the competition on the capital radio website . enter the compaq competition today . . . http : / / capitalfm . com / compaqmtv / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
",1
240,"Subject: 
 
 epac . pt , e . carnoali @ genie . com , e . carolan @ genie . com , jef @ gkb . com , ion . androutsopoulos @ ed . ac . uk , ion1 @ ix . netcom . com , e . caron1 @ genie . com , d-media @ netpathway . com , a . leung @ ed . ac . uk , ion2 @ ix . netcom . com , sanson @ mbox . nau . it , ion @ aisb . ed . ac . uk , ion @ ed . ac . uk , a . lewis @ massey . ac . nz , a . li @ bham . ac . uk , d-messner @ ti . com , d-monti @ hkstar . com , a . lieberman @ sequent . cc . hull . ac . uk , ion @ xl . cablenet . net , e . carpenter1 @ genie . com , e . carpenter3 @ genie . com , jef @ imanad . com , jef @ islandnet . com , e . carr3 @ genie . com , sansonam @ vnet . net , d-purinton @ ti . com , iona . richardson @ ed . ac . uk , jef @ sunpix . east . sun . com from : subject : adv : read carefully ! ! ! ! ! reply - to : sample @ magical316 . net x-pmflags : 10322341 . 10 x-uidl : 10293287 _ 192832 . 222 comments : authenticated sender is message - id : content-length : 6554 this message is sent in compliance with the new e-mail bill : section 301 , paragraph ( a ) ( 2 ) ( c ) of s . 1618 to view it just go to : http : / / thomas . loc . gov / cgi-bin / bdquery / z ? d105 : sn01618 : @ @ @ l briorex reports 6200 greens ln durham nc , 27713 919-484 - 8155 to be removed from this and future mailings simply reply with the remove ! briorex inc * * * * * off shore report 5599 free * * * * * * no paper trail , global visa cards regardless of credit * prestigious offshore checking accounts * international business corporations ( ibcs ) * offshore asset protection trusts * secret offshore mail drops * offshore phone answering services * offshore self-liquidating loans * offshore high yield tax free investments * offshore tax havens - no one knows * free offshore work shops * free offshore trusts * incorporate offshore . . . . completely private . * off shore investors anxious ! ! * up to 100 % financing on residential & commercial properties * bill consolidation no matter what your credit is like * lines of credit up to $ 15 , 000 regardless of your credit * secret money . . . secrecy is a thriving industry * learn how the rich and politicians get even richer using the briorex reports are two separate reports for those with credit card / credit problems , or those who know a little about off shore opportunities but do n't know how to get started . this is what you get when you order : 12 credit card secrets your bank does n't want you to know ! both visa and mastercard * no savings account * bad credit ok * * no security deposit students * welfare * ok * * no membership fees * bankruptcy ok * we guarantee that you will be approved for both visa and mastercard . you can receive both credit cards within 10 business days , via express approval and card issue . plus . . . guaranteed $ 10 , 000 instant pre-approved credit with no credit check , no security deposit , no one refused ! we absolutely guarantee you ' ll receive 3 to 5 new credit cards with credit lines totaling $ 10 , 000 ! you ' ll receive our exclusive list of 5 "" secret "" sources that you can obtain instant credit from . with our program you will receive a pre-approved $ 2500 credit card application . there is absolutely no credit check and no security deposit . no one will be turned down . erase bad credit ! establish a - 1 credit in less than 6 months ! 100 % legal , and 100 % bulletproof protection against liens , levies , judgements , and divorce . international credit cards 100 % acceptance guaranteed ! a social security number is not required , and there are no credit checks or income restrictions . only proof of identification is required . our international bank offers visa gold ( r ) , visa classic ( r ) , and mastercard ( r ) credit cards . could you use a bank account , without the need for a banking reference to open the account ? you can open the account instantly from an on - line application form . no banking references or notarization needed private bank accounts without banking references or demanding of notarization . instant account in 10 seconds for immediate use . learn how to get copies of your : 3 credit reports fbi records disclosure form mailing list removal letter motor vehicle records social security records medical records education records employment records find out how anyone can have a new credit file instantly overnight ! this is the very same credit secrets that celebrities use ! it works with bankruptcies , fbi ( dui ) and judgments ! it 's legal and best of all , the process is free ! if you or someone you know has had credit problems in the past - no matter how bad , this information is vital . these are the secrets that the credit bureaus don ' t want revealed ! learn how to use the credit bureaus to get a totally new-clean credit file . add aaa credit within weeks to your new or existing file that any bank or lender would drool over ! ( this secret alone is worth the price ! ) get credit cards , buy a car , buy a house ! learn the words that will stop collection agencies cold ! legal ways to get the bill collectors off your backs . discover how to obtain an $ 800 loan by mail . . . interest free raise $ 20 , 000 or more in 24 hours learn your consumer rights and consumer credit reporting agencies get any credit card you want . win the credit card game . how to get a visa / mastercard with no credit check learn the starting truth about how credit decisions are made . learn the secrets on obtaining credit cards , bank loans , and mortgages . how to obtain a free copy of your credit report from the major bureaus . understand how credit information is placed on your report . . . and how frequently errors occur . learn how to include your side of the story in your credit report so that your potential creditors understand how and why blemishes appear on your report . a simple way to turn an initial $ 300 investment into multiple , desirable credit references that will have credit managers banging down your door trying to loan you money . learn about a complete range of offshore banking facilities : no id / no reference electronically managed accounts , anonymous numbered accounts , tax-free investment and multi-currency coded accounts , debit and credit cards . providing knowledge , freedom , privacy , security and alternatives : alternative id cards , second passport programs and citizenship , camouflage passports , press passes , international driver permits , university degrees , nobility titles , and more . . . offshore retirement plans commercial asset protection estate planning tax planning primary goal can have a number of component objectives , including the ability to : minimize risk of loss create artificial poverty establish asset anonymity prevent future lawsuits create incentives for dispute settlement make work for any opponent increase litigation odds in your favor protect your economic and social lifestyle maintain planning flexibility preserve financial security secure privacy keep peace of mind 2nd passport programs & citizenship instant citizenship camouflage passports alternative id cardsinternational driver permits genuine press passes university degrees we could easily ask $ 100 . 00 or more for these complete valuable information reports and be flooded with orders . however , we want to keep our prices affordable for you . so we are offering these invaluable reports including your free $ 50 . 00 off shore report for only $ 25 . 00 . that 's it . if you want to learn more or place an order just visit us at : http : / / www . magical316 . com
",1
241,"Subject: just in time ! ! extra money for christmas
 
 you can earn $ 50 , 000 or more in the next 90 days sending e-mail , seem impossible ? read on for details . "" as seen on national t . v . ! ! thank you for your time and interest . this is the letter you ' ve been reading about in the news lately . due to the popularity of this letter on the internet , a major nightly news program recently devoted an entire show to the investigation of the program described below to see if it really can make people money . the show also investigated whether or not the program was legal . their findings proved , once and for all , that there are absolutely no laws prohibiting the participation in the program . this has helped to show people that this is a simple , harmless and fun way to make some extra money at home . the results of this show has been truly remarkable . so many people are participating that those involved are doing , much better than ever before . since everyone makes more as more people try it out , its been very exciting to be a part of it lately . you will understand once you experience it . "" here it is below "" = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = * * * print this now for future reference * * * the following income opportunity is one you may be interested in taking a look at . it can be started with very little investment and the income return is tremendous ! ! ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ if you would like to make at least $ 50 , 000 in less than 90 days ! please read the enclosed program . . . then read it again ! ! ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legitimate , legal , money making opportunity . it does not require you to come into contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house except to get the mail . if you believe that someday you ' ll get that big break that you ' ve been waiting for , this is it ! simply follow the instructions , and your dreams will come true . this multi-level e-mail order marketing program works perfectly 100 % every time . e - mail is the sales tool of the future . take advantage of this non-commercialized method of advertising now ! ! ! the longer you wait , the more people will be doing business using e - mail . get your piece of this action ! ! ! multi-level marketing ( mlm ) has finally gained respectability . it is being taught in the harvard business school , and both stanford research and the wall street journal have stated that between 50 % and 65 % of all goods and services will be sold through multi-level methods by the mid to late 1990 's . this is a multi - billion dollar industry and of the 500 , 000 millionaires in the u . s . , 20 % ( 100 , 000 ) made their fortune in the last several years in mlm . moreover , statistics show 45 people become millionaires everyday through multi - level marketing . you may have heard this story before , but over the summer donald trump made an appearance on the david letterman show . dave asked him what he would do if he lost everything and had to start over from scratch . without hesitating , trump said he would find a good network marketing company and get to work . the audience started to hoot and boo him . he looked out at the audience and dead-panned his response "" that 's why i ' m sitting up here and you are all sitting out there ! "" the enclosed information is something i almost slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . my name is johnathon rourke . two years ago , the corporation i worked at for the past twelve years down-sized and my position was eliminated . after unproductive job interviews , i decided to open my own business . over the past year , i incurred many unforeseen financial problems . i owed my family , friends and creditors over $ 35 , 000 . the economy was taking a toll on my business and i just could n't seem to make ends meet . i had to refinance and borrow against my home to support my family and struggling business . at that moment something significant happened in my life and i am writing to share the experience in hopes that this will change your life forever financially ! ! ! in mid december , i received this program via e-mail . six month 's prior to receiving this program i had been sending away for information on various business opportunities . all of the programs i received , in my opinion , were not cost effective . they were either too difficult for me to comprehend or the initial investment was too much for me to risk to see if they would work or not . one claimed that i would make a million dollars in one year , it did n't tell me i 'd have to write a book to make it ! but like i was saying , in december of 1997 1 received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off a mailing list . thank goodness for that ! ! ! after reading it several times , to make sure i was reading it correctly , i could n't believe my eyes . here was a money making phenomenon . i could invest as much as i wanted to start , without putting me further into debt . after i got a pencil and paper and figured it out , i would at least get my money back . but like most of you i was still a little skeptical and a little worried about the legal aspects of it all . so i checked it out with the u . s . post office ( 1-800 - 725-2161 24 - hrs ) and they confirmed that it is indeed legal ! after determining the program was legal and not a chain letter , i decided "" why not . "" initially i sent out 10 , 000 e-mails . it cost me about $ 15 for my time on-line . the great thing about e-mail is that i do n't need any money for printing to send out the program , and because all of my orders are fulfilled via e-mail , my only expense is my time . i am telling you like it is , i hope it does n't turn you off , but i promised myself that i would not "" rip-off "" anyone , no matter how much money it cost me . in less than one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by january 13 , 1 had received 26 orders for report # 1 . your goal is to "" receive at least 20 orders for report # 1 within 2 weeks . if you don ' t , send out more programs until you do ! "" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in . 90 days was done . by january 30 , 1 had received 196 orders for report # 2 . your goal is to "" receive at least 100 + orders for report # 2 within 2 weeks . if not , send out more programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goa . l . "" well , i had 196 orders for report # 2 , 96 more than i needed . so i sat back and relaxed . by march 1 , of my e-mailing of 10 , 000 , 1 received $ 58 , 000 with more coming in every day . i paid off all my debts and bought a much needed new car . please take time to read the attached program , it will change your life forever ! ! ! remember , it won't work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place . it won't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! in order for this program to work , you must meet your goal of 20 + orders for report # 1 , and 100 + orders for report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or more in 90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i am sorry . it really is a great opportunity with little cost or risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to financial security . if you are a fellow business owner and are in financial trouble like i was , or you want to start your own business , consider this a sign . i did ! sincerely , johnathon rourke a personal note from the originator of this program : by the time you have read the enclosed program and reports , you should have concluded that such a program , and one that is legal , could not have been created by an amateur . let me tell you a little about myself . i had a profitable business for 10 years . then in 1979 my business began falling off . i was doing the same things that were previously successful for me , but it was n't working . the economy , inflation and recession had replaced the stable economy that had been with us since 1945 . 1 do n't have to tell you what happened to the unemployment rate because many of you know from first hand experience . there were more failures and bankruptcies than ever before . the middle class was vanishing . those who knew what they were doing invested wisely and moved up . those who did not , including those who never had anything to save or invest , were moving down into the ranks of the poor . as the saying goes , "" the rich get richer and the poor get poorer . "" the traditional methods of making money will never allow you to "" move up "" or "" get rich "" , inflation will see to that . you have just received information that can give you financial freedom for the rest of your life , with "" no risk "" and "" just a little bit of effort . "" you can make more money in the next few months than you have ever imagined . i should also point out that i will not see a penny of this money , nor anyone else who has provided a testimonial for this program . i have already made over 4 million dollars ! i have retired from the program after sending thousands and thousands of programs . follow the program exactly as instructed . do not change it in any way . it works exceedingly well as it is now . remember to e - mail a copy of this exciting report to everyone you can think of . one of the people you send this to may send out 50 , 000 and your name will be on everyone of them ! remember though , the more you send out the more potential customers you will reach . so my friend , i have given you the ideas , information , materials and opportunity to become financially independent , it is up to you now ! "" think about it "" before you delete this program from your mailbox , as i almost did , take a little time to read it and really think a-bout it . get a pencil and figure out what could happen when you participate . figure out the worst possible response and no matter how you calculate it , you will still make a lot of money ! you will definitely get back what you invested . any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . it works ! jody jacobs , richmond , va here ' s how this amazing program will make you thousands of dollar $ instructions : this method of raising capital really works 100 % every time . i am sure that you could use up to $ 50 , 000 or more in the next 90 days . before you say "" bull "" , please read this program carefully . this is not a chain letter , but a perfectly legal money making opportunity . basically , this is what you do : as with all multi-level businesses , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the usa allows you to recruit new multi-level business partners , and we offer a product for every dollar sent . your orders come by mail and are filled by e-mail , so you are not involved in personal selling . you do it privately in your own home , store or office . this is the greatest multi - level mail order marketing anywhere : this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if you do n't order them ) . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your name & return address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose name appears on the list next to the report . make sure your return address is on your envelope in case of any mail problems ! * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save them on your computer and resell them . * within a few days you will receive , via e-mail , each of the four reports . save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next to each report , or their seqience on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in steps "" a "" through "" f "" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , take this advertisement and remove the name and address under report # 4 . this person has made it through the cycle and is no doubt counting their $ 50 , 000 ! c . move the name and address under report # 3 down to report # 4 . d . move the name and address under report # 2 down to report # 3 . e . move the name and address under report # 1 down to report # 2 . f . insert your name / address in the report # 1 position . please make sure you copy every name and address accurately ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this letter . your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e - mail is free ! there are two primary methods of building your downline : method # 1 : sending bulk e-mail let 's say that you decide to start small , just to see how it goes and we ' ll assume you and all those involved send out only 2 , 000 programs each . let 's also assume that the mailing receives a 0 . 5 % response . using a good list the response could be much better . also , many people will send out hundreds of thousands of programs instead of 2 , 000 . but continuing with this example , you send out only 2 , 000 programs . with a 0 . 5 % response , that is only 10 orders for report # 1 . those 10 people respond by sending out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 20 , 000 . out of those 0 . 5 % , 100 people respond and order report # 2 . those 100 mail out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 200 , 000 . the 0 . 5 % response to that is 1 , 000 orders for report # 3 . those 1 , 000 send out 2 , 000 programs each for a 2 , 000 , 000 total . the 0 . 5 % response to that is 10 , 000 orders for report # 4 . that 's 10 , 000 $ 5 bills for you . cash ! ! ! your total income in this example is $ 50 + $ 500 + $ 5 , 000 + $ 50 , 000 for a total of $ 55 , 550 ! ! ! remember friend , this is assuming 1 , 99q out of the 2 , 000 people you mail to will do absolutely nothing and trash this program ! dare to think for a moment what would hpppen if everyone , or half sent out 100 , 000 programs instead of 2 , 000 . believe me , many people will do just that , and more ! by the way , your cost to participate in this is practically nothing . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 2 will show you the best methods for bulk e-mailing , tell you where to obtain free bulk e-mail software and where to obtain e - mail lists . method # 2 - placing free ads on the internet advertising on the ' net is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get only 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) assuming that everyone else in your organization gets only 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . ist level - - your 10 members with $ 5 - - $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . $ 50 , 000 this totals - - - - - - - - - - - - $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think about it ! for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must dc , is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! available reports * * * order each report by number and name - 1 - - * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash ( u . s . currency ) for each report cheques not accepted - always send your order via first class mail - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets of paper . on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and ( c ) your name & postal address . place your order for these reports now : report # 1 "" the insider 's guide to advertising for free on the internet "" order report # 1 from : crossroads enterprises 5507-10 nesconset hwy . # 317 mt . siani , ny . 11766 report # 2 "" the insider 's guide to sending bulk e - mail on the internet "" order report # 2 from : laura waite rfd1 box 798 campton , nh . 03223 report # 3 "" the secrets to multilevel marketing on the internet "" order report 43 from : philip webster 1011 second st . port orange , fl . 32119 report # 4 "" how to become a millionaire utilizing the power of multilevel marketing and the internet "" order report # 4 from : patricia arnold 174 windward ct . s . port jefferson , ny . 11777 about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the directions accurately . * * * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report . always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , your results will be successful ! above all , have faith in yourself and know you wilt , succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guidelines * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising or sending e-mails until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising or sending e-mails until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e - mails or continue placing ads and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! before you make your decision as to whether or not you participate in this program . please answer one question . do you want to change your life ? if the answer is yes , please look at the following facts about this program : 1 . you are selling a product which does not cost anything to produce , ship or advertise . 2 . all of your customers pay you in cash ! 3 . e - mail is without question the most powerful method of distributing information on earth . this program combines the distribution power of e-mail together with the revenue generating power of multi-level marketing . 4 . your only expenses other than your initial $ 20 investment is your time ! 5 . virtually all of the income you generate from this program is pure profit ! 6 . this program will change your life forever . * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 19 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i surprised when i found my medium-size post office box crammed with orders ! for a while , it got so overloaded that i had to start picking up my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't matter where in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi . i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to contact to get another copy , so i had to wait until i was e-mailed another program . . . 11 months passed then it came . . . i did n't delete this one ! . . . i made more than $ 41 , 000 on the first try ! ! d . wilburn , muncie , in this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa i am nearing the $ 90 , 000 mark from this program . i have used several forms of advertisement . i used regular mail and bulk email . the regular mail was very expensive for 2 reasons . i purchased a very select list names , and the postage . the 3rd time i sent out e - mails , in the quantity of 700 , 000 . so , after 3 times participating in this program , i am almost at the $ 90 , 000 mark . that is n't too bad . i hope the same success for you . good luck . . . . raymond mccormick , new cannan , ct . you have great potential for extra earnings that is available at your finger-tips ! you have unlimited access to wealth , but you must be willing to take that first step ! the media already proved that ! ! ! ! ! ! you could be making an obscene amount of money ! i have given you the information , materials , and opportunity to become financially better off . it is up to you now ! - think about it - your risk is only $ 20 . ? how much do you spend on lotto tickets - for no return ? ? ? order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! ! !
",1
242,"Subject: re : check this out !
 
 dear friend , greetings ! hopefully my name is on the list below . i am a retired attorney , and about two years ago a man came to me with a letter . the letter he brought me is basically the same letter you havve in your hands . he asked me to verify that this letter was legal . i told him i would review it and get back to him . when i first read the letter i thought it was some off the wall idea to make money . a week and a half later we met in my offic to discuss the issue . i told him the letter he brought me was not 100 % legal and advised him to make a small change so it would be . i was still curious about the letter and he told me how it works . i thought it was a longshot so i decided against participation , but before my client left i asked him to keep me updated as to his results . about two months later , he called me to tell me he had received over $ 800 , 000 in cash ! i did n't believe him , so he suggested i try his idea to find out for myself . i thought about it for a couple of weeks and decided i had nothing to lose . i asked him for a copy of the letter and followed the instructions exactly , mailed out 200 copies and sure enough , the money started arriving ! it came slowly at first but after three weeks i was getting more mail than i could open in a day ! after about three months the money stopped coming . i kept a precise copy of my earnings and at the end of the three months they totaled $ 968 , 493 ! i was earning a good living as a lawyer , but as anyone in the legal profession will tell you , there is a lot of stress that comes with the job . i decided to try the letter again but this time sent out 500 letters . well , three months later , my earnings totaled $ 2 , 344 , 178 ! i just could not believe it , i met with my old client for lunch to find out how it worked . what made this one different from others were that there are six names on the list , not five like most others . that fact alone results in your name being on far more returns . the other factor was the help i gave him in ensuring the whole thing was legal , since nobody wants to risk doing something illegal . i ' ll bet by now you are curious to know what little change i told him to make . well , if you send a letter like this out , to make it legal you must actually sell something if you expect to receive something in return . so , when you send a dollar to each of the six people on the list , you must include a slip of paper with the words , "" please put me on your mailing list "" and enclose your mailing address . you need not include your name . this is the legal key to this program ! the item you received for the dollar you send the six names below is this letter and the right to earn thousands ! follow the simple instructions below exactly , and in three months you should receive over $ 800 , 000 ! ! ! $ 800 , 000 in less than 90 days ! ! ! guaranteed ! ! here is the business capital you need ! act now and be finacially solvent by the year 1999 ! ! this is a method of raising capital that really works every time , 100 percent . i ' m sure you could use the money in the next 20 to 90 day . s please study this carfully . this is not a chain letter ! this is a perfectly legal money making opportunity that will cost you a couple of rolls of stamps , a mailing list and six bucks . follow these instructions exactly and you will receive $ 800 , 000 in cash from business minded individuals just like yourself . 1 . immediately send $ 1 . 00 to each of the names below , and a note requesting you be added to their mailing lists . it is this important step that makes the system legal 2 . omit the name in the number 1 position and move each of the other names up one place ( number 2 becomes number 1 , number 3 becomes number 2 , 4 becomes number 3 etc . ) put your own name and address in the sixth position ( an easy way to do this is to type the six names , with your own name as number six , on a separate sheet of paper and tape over the area where the names are printed . ) 3 . print out 200 copies of these pages with the new list of names that you have created . your name now in the sixth position , in place of the current list of names . 4 . purchase a mailing list from the dataline co . or any other mail list sellers . most names list sell 200 names for only $ 26 . 00 . the best part is that the list of names come on self-adhesive labels that easily peel and stick to the envelope . just call 1-800 - 497-2912 . * * * mailing lists are also available from list associates at 1-888 - 359-2621 or mailing lists at 954-742 - 9519 . or check on the internet for other mail brokers . 5 . while waiting for the mailing list to arrive , place each of your 200 copies into business sized envelopes and seal them . go to the post office and purchase 200 . 32 cent stamps and place them on the envelopes . do not put your return address on the envelopes . . . this will peak the curiosity of the recipient . 6 . once your list arrives , place an address label on each of the 200 envelopes and drop them in the mailbox . within 20 to 90 days you will recieve over $ 800 , 000 in cash - and its all yours ! now comes the interesting part . . that 's with only a 7 . 5 % response rate ( which is very conservative . it 's more than possible to reach the amount every time ! ) the first time i participated my response rate was 9 . 5 % . my second was over 11 % 7 . keep this letter so you can use it as many times as you wish . using the addresses that people send you can raise the response rate because they also wish to conitine receiving more capital . * * this system was made for the purpose of accumulating capital fast and honestly . once again , this is not a chain letter , but perfectly legal ( refer to title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 of the united states postal and lottery laws ) . when you send out 200 copies of this letter , each responsive individual sends out 200 copies and send you $ 1 . 00 , thereby multiplying your fortune very rapidly ! examine the chart of how this system is the best in america for raising capital ! ! ! * * you mail 200 letters , multiply that by 7 . 5 % return rate = 15 people + $ 15 * * 15 people mail out 200 letters x 7 . 5 % = 225 people = $ 225 * * 225 people mail out 200 letters x 7 . 5 % = 3375 people = $ 3375 * * 3375 people mail out 200 letters x 7 . 5 % = 50 , 625 people = $ 50 , 625 * * 50 , 625 people mail 200 letters x 7 . 5 % = 759 , 375 people = $ 759 , 375 * * * at this point your name drops off the list , but so far you ' ve received $ 813 , 615 ! ! ! * be sure to mail $ 1 . 00 to each of teh six names on the list * 1 . john salinas 100 deseret dr . , pasco , wa 99301 2 . elizabeth potts 7714 west jenan dr , peoria , az 85345 3 . lavonda walton 4005 parkway apt . # 11 , temple hills , md 20748 4 . murry mcneal 316 rachels trail , st . peters , mo 63376 5 . joseph swenson 544 1 / 2 7th ave w . , kalispell , mt 59901 6 . suzy krogman po box 802167 , santa clarita , ca 91380 this system is guaranteed to work 100 percent of the time in raising capital , but , if you remove any other name aside from the one in the number one position , you will not be covered by the title 18 in the u . s . postal law . the best part about this is you won't be hurting anyone . it will take only about $ 100 to participate . it is legal , so make money honestly and start today !
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243,"Subject: re : how 's it going ?
 
 keep reading to find out how you can . . . send out a bulk email advertisement for your business or web site to over 25 , 000 , 000 people on the internet for free ! you may shudder at the thought of bulk email . . but the simple truth is . . bulk email works ! if bulk email did n't work , then you wouldn ' t be reading this ! thousands of companies are sending out bulk email to dramatically maximize their profits ! why are n't you ? = = = > even fortune 500 companies send out bulk email to millions = = = > of people every single day for free ! ! with bulk email , you are reaching up to 250 , 000 people per day for free with an advertisement for your business or web page ! = > magma , a small computer board manufacturer made over $ 30 , 000 in new business by sending out to just 3 , 000 email addresses ! = > power promotions , an internet marketing company , claims to be making over $ 500 , 000 every single year in bulk email alone ! = > sanford wallace , founder of cyber promotions , told the world in an interview that his company is making over $ 1 , 000 , 000 every year through bulk email ! ! * * * * your competition is making a fortune with bulk email . . . * * * * why are n't you ? regardless of what you are selling . . . when you are promoting your business or web site to over 250 , 000 people every single day , there is no question that your business will dramatically improve ! = > if only 1 out of every 10 , 000 people order from your free bulk email advertisement , you will have 25 orders per day ! how much profit is this for you ? with bulk email , there is no advertising cost involved ! everything you sell is 100 % pure profit ! * * when you receive a bulk email advertisement , do you realize . . = > > millions of people all over the world received that same = > > bulk email advertisement ? ? the individual that sent out the = > > bulk email probably made a fortune from it ! * bulk email is free advertising to the masses ! there is no form of advertising that even comes close ! "" many business people are finding out that they can now advertise in ways that they never could have afforded in the past . the cost of sending mass e-mail is extremely low , and the response rate is high and quick . "" - usa today = = > why aren ' t - > you * * * comparison of bulk email vs conventional forms of advertising a bulk mailing to 50 , 000 , 000 people through the postal service will cost you about $ 25 , 000 , 000 . = > a web site banner advertisement to 50 , 000 , 000 people on the internet will cost you about $ 5 , 000 , 000 . = > a bulk emailing to 50 , 000 , 000 people on the internet will cost you nothing . bulk email is 100 % free ! do you have a web site ? if so , you probably spend hundreds of dollars and hours submitting your web site to : * newsgroups * search engines * online classifieds * banner advertising and still , you only receive a few hundred hits per day . . . a ) our web site opened on june 23rd , 1997 b ) we sent out a bulk email advertisement for our web site to 200 , 000 people that same day . c ) by the next morning , our counter indicated that we had received 12 , 763 hits in less than 24 hours ! you can expect the same , if not better results when advertising your web site to millions of people through bulk email for free ! * it is not uncommon to receive over 50 , 000 hits per day to your web site just by advertising through bulk email ! our web site is : = > not on any newsgroups = > not on any search engines = > not on any online classifieds = > not on any banner advertisements in fact , our web site is listed no where on the internet ! yet , we continue to receive over 20 , 000 hits every single day , simply by sending out bulk email for free ! * * do people actually buy anything from the internet ? a recent survey by survey net on the purchasing habits of internet users , indicates that : = > 50 % of people have purchased something from the internet = > 40 % of people have made several purchases from the internet = > 80 % of people like the idea of shopping on a computer = > 50 % of online purchases are computer / information related = > 20 % of people have purchased from the internet for the reason : "" i came across it and i liked it , so i bought it . "" now that you have seen how bulk email can dramatically maximize your business profits , you may be wondering . . . = > > how do i send out bulk email ? ? here at neuport internet marketing , we have created a simple to use , top of the line bulk email package , which contains everything you will ever need to send out bulk email to millions of people on the internet at the rate of up to 250 , 000 people per day for free ! our easy to follow , "" step by step "" bulk email instructions will guide you through the entire process of sending out bulk email to millions of people on the internet for free within minutes ! our bulk email software allows you to target your bulk email audience to an exact match , with over 25 , 000 different categories to choose from ! = = > country , city , hobbies , interests , employment , you name it , = = > you can target it ! * * want fresh , new , targeted email addresses ? with our bulk email package , we include all of the software you will ever need to extract over 500 , 000 targeted email addresses every single day from over 20 , 000 , 000 web sites and over 30 , 000 newsgroups worldwide ! ! * * post an advertisement to over 30 , 000 newsgroups for free ! ! our newsgroup bulk advertising software allows you to post a free advertisement for your business or web site to over 30 , 000 newsgroups each with a readership of up to 100 , 000 people each ! ! * * anyone with a computer can send out bulk email ! if you have a windows 3 . 0 + , 95 or nt based pc or a mac with softwindows and 5mb of disk space , then you have everything you will ever need to send out bulk email to over 50 , 000 , 000 people on the internet at the rate of up to 250 , 000 people per day for free ! all of our bulk email software runs in the background of windows ! while your bulk email is being sent out at the rate of up to 15 , 000 per hour , you will be able to continue using your computer with virtually no slow down ! ! * * readers will have no idea your advertisement is bulk email ! all bulk email you send out using our bulk email software will appear personalized with the recipients first name for each and every individual that receives it ! ( dear john , dear mary , etc . . ) the reader will have no idea that the same message they received from you , has been sent to millions and millions of people all over the world ! * * what will my internet provider think about bulk email ? you can send out bulk email using any internet service provider in the world ! ! our bulk email software allows you to send out bulk email to over 50 , 000 , 000 people on the internet at the rate of up to 250 , 000 people per day for free with little fear of ever losing your internet account ! thanks to our stealth encoding bulk email software , your email address will be automatically removed from the headers of all bulk email that you send out ! your internet provider will have practically no idea that you are sending out bulk email to millions and millions of people all over the world at the rate of up to 250 , 000 people per day for free ! you will never have to worry about receiving a single complaint from any and all of the bulk email that you send out ! our bulk email software automatically filters out and removes any and all complaints that you may receive ! and yes , bulk email is 100 % legal ! ! = > bulk email is unlike any other form of advertising ! with bulk email , you can expect a huge amount of orders within minutes of sending out your first bulk email advertisement ! * according to a recent find / svp survey , 41 % of people check their email daily ! with bulk email , we are talking instant orders ! - > if you send out an advertisement for your business or web page - > to 1 , 000 , 000 people and just 1 out of 10 , 000 people order , you - > will have 100 orders ! how much profit is this for you ? with bulk email you are reaching millions and millions of people for free at the rate of up to 250 , 000 people per day ! when you are reaching this many people , regardless of what you are selling , everything you sell is 100 % profit and you will succeed ! * * * neuport internet marketing presents : the bulk email package = > bulk email software with our bulk email software , you will have the ability to send out a personalized bulk email advertisement to over 50 , 000 , 000 people on the internet at the rate of up to 250 , 000 people per day for free ! = > newsgroup email extractor software : using our newsgroup email extractor software , you will have the ability to extract over 500 , 000 targeted email addresses every single day , from over 30 , 000 newsgroups each with a readership of up to 10 , 000 people each ! ! = > web email extractor software : using our web email extractor software , you will have the ability to extract millions of highly targeted email addresses from over 20 , 000 , 000 web sites worldwide ! ! = > newsgroup bulk advertising software : with our newsgroup bulk advertising software , with a click of the mouse , an advertisement for your business or web page will be posted free to over 30 , 000 newsgroups , each with a readership of up to 100 , 000 people each ! ! = > bulk email reader software : our bulk email reader software makes reading and responding to bulk email , simple and easy ! = > step by step bulk email instructions : we include simple , easy to follow , step by step instructions , which will guide you through the entire process of sending out bulk email to over 50 , 000 , 000 people on the internet for free ! even if you have never used a computer before , these instructions make sending out bulk email as easy as 1 - 2 - 3 ! = > the bulk email handbook : this book tells you everything that you ever wanted to know about bulk email ! you will learn how to write a successful bulk email marketing letter , how to handle the hundreds of orders you will be receiving from your bulk email , what sells best via bulk email , etc . . this book is a necessity for anyone involved in bulk email ! = > resale rights to 280 bulk email money making reports : you will be given the lifetime resale rights to reproduce , sell and distribute these amazing money making reports via bulk email at any price you wish ! = > unlimited customer & technical support : if you ever have any questions regarding our bulk email package , we have unlimited customer and technical support to assist you with any and all bulk email questions you may have ! our # 1 goal is customer satisfaction ! * * * * * you will receive everything above for only : $ 295 . 00 ! ! but wait ! if you order by sunday , december 14th , as a christmas special , we will temporarily slash the price of our bulk email package for a limited time to only $ 129 . 00 ! ! and if you order right now , we will throw in over 35 , 000 , 000 of the newest and freshest email addresses , which can be used in your bulk emailings , absolutely free ! ( $ 399 . 00 value ) we are so absolutely confident that our bulk email package will dramatically mazimize your business profits , that we are giving you 30 days to try out our bulk email package for free ! ! if your business does not increase by a minimum of 300 % within 30 days of purchasing our bulk email package , just email us and we will send you a full refund , no questions asked ! this is your only chance that you will ever have to ever try out bulk email for free ! we are the only bulk email company in the world which offers such an amazing risk free money back guarantee ! there are only a few more days until christmas ! now is the time to advertise ! ! billions of people all over the world are looking to spend massive amounts of money on christmas gifts ! ! * * * now is the time to dramatically maximize your profits ! ! we guarantee you will be sending out bulk email within 1 hour of ordering our bulk email package ! "" i have been able to make $ 3175 by promoting my company through direct email . this is only from sending out to about 12 , 000 people and selling a product which costs $ 25 . this is more than i had expected . "" = = richard schott - pasadena , ca "" within 10 days i was able to collect over 100 , 000 email addresses and make a profit of $ 4 , 000 . "" = = matt allen - omaha , ne "" i recently started a new business online . i stripped the email addresses of the aol and cis classifieds , i sent out 3 , 407 e-mail letters and got over 400 people to join my company in 5 days ! "" = = david sheenham - dallas , tx * * * bulk email package easy ordering instructions : you can order the bulk email package by credit card right now by calling us at : ( 707 ) 588-8895 once we receive your order , we will email you our web site url , which contains our entire bulk email package available for download ! you are guaranteed to be ready to send out bulk email using our bulk email package in under 1 hour of ordering ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if you would like to pay by us cash , cashier 's check , credit card , us money order , us personal check , or us bank draft by postal mail or fax , an ordering form is located below : * * please print out this form , fill in the blanks and send it * * along with payment of u . s . $ 129 . 00 to : neuport internet marketing 6585e commerce blvd suite # 281 rohnert park , ca 94928 united states of america company name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip / postal code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - > if you would like to pay by credit card , please fill in the following blanks : credit card type ( amex not accepted ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ credit card number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ if you would like to order by fax with your credit card as payment , please print out this ordering form , fill in all of the blanks and fax this ordering form to : ( 707 ) 588-8868 note : if you send payment via postal mail , to receive the $ 129 . 00 price for our bulk email package , your order must be postmarked by monday , december 15th . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * this is a one-time mailing . you will not be emailed again . * * * * * * your email address will never be sold to anyone .
",1
244,"Subject: best kept "" secrets "" finally exposedwhat computer stores do n't want you to know is that a well made ,
 
 state of the art computer , does n't have to be expensive . you can have a new , powerful , intel pentium computer directly from us , built with all quality components at the lowest possible prices in years . unbelievable , but true ! imagine , $ 1247 for a 233 mhz mmx pentium computer with mmx = 20 technology ! the perfect computer for home , school or business use . but buckle up , because this computer absolutely flies ! it features an = intel = 20 pentium processor matched with the latest "" tx "" intel chipset motherboard for performance that is nothing short of spectacular . please note this computer is absolutely brand new ( not = refurbished ) = 20 and they feature intel pentium processors exclusively ( not cheap substitutes like amd or cyrix ) . our computers have more memory , more power , and more speed for your money . they come loaded with : * 20 speed cd - rom * 33 . 6 fax / modem for fast internet access * a large , fast 2 . 1 gb hard drive * 16 mb of ram * 512 kb pipeline burst cache * top quality motherboard with intel tx chipset ( very important ) = = 20 * 64 bit mpeg video with 2 mb ram * 3d sound with 80 watt speakers * 104 key windows 95 keyboard and mouse * windows 95 cd installed = 20 = 20 want 32 mb ram for intense demanding jobs ? add $ 49 . need a larger hard drive ? upgrade to a 4 . 3 gb for only $ 49 want a 24 speed cd - rom ? add $ 25 upgrade to a 56k fax / modem for only $ 25 add iomega 100mb zip drive for only $ 97 a low price without quality does n't mean much ! ! ! does it ? that 's why we design and manufacture our computers to last well into the next century . we do n't skimp on anything . we build our computers for you carefully , one at a time ( a far cry from the assembly line mentality = of : slap it together and hope it works ) . we test each and every computer for at least 72 hours , so they work flawlessly right out of the box . no large company can afford to do that . nor are they willing to ! consider a reader 's survey by pc world magazine in the june ' 97 issue . = 20 they found more than half of their readers experienced problems with = 20 brand name computers they recently bought . they titled the article , = 20 "" when bad pcs happen to good people . "" the conclusion is obvious : dealing = with a large company does n't assure you of getting a dependable = computer . you are not just a number to us . the technician who builds your computer , custom configures it exactly how you want it - just right for you . he even knows your name since it gets programmed into the computer when he optimizes it for speed and performance . and you ' ll know his name too , because he signs his name to your computer . this guarantees it has been built to the best of his ability and ready for your computing pleasure . there is nothing for you to do except plug it in and turn it on . that 's all ! remember , our computers work flawlessly right out of = the box . p . s . special bonus if you order now ! brand new 15 "" monitor for only $ 197 = or a 17 "" moniter for only $ 397 , your choice with the purchase of = any computer . = 20 we selected these amazingly sharp and clear . 28 svga monitors = as the perfect = 20 match for your new computer . they have a full three year = warranty . let us build the best for you - for less . = 20 call computer physician , inc . today for details at ( 215 ) 836 - 0293 = 20 business hours are 7am - 10pm est 7 days a week if you would prefer not to recieve future e - mails , please join our = 20 unsubscribe list by e - mailing us at woody @ mail-man . net include as the body of your e - mail - remove your _ e - mail _ address ( c ) copyright 1997 computer physician , inc . all rights reserved .
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245,"Subject: free live video sex
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * attention video sex lovers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * never pay for video sex ever again . brand new totally free live video = sex website . come check out unlimited live video sex channels ! www . cum - 2 - me-baby . com
",1
246,"Subject: domani
 
 new improved with free software , free bulk e mail system , free web site = to do what you wish , ongoing support ( optional ) , and a lot more ! all = included . . . . . . . . . . . this is a one time mailing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ $ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ = \ \ \ \ \ you are about to make at least $ 50 , 000 in less than 90 days read the enclosed program . . . then read it again . . . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / / dear friend , the enclosed information is something i almost let slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . my name is christopher erickson . two years ago , the corporation i worked at for the past twelve years down-sized and my position was eliminated . after unproductive job interviews , i decided to open my own business . over the past year , i incurred many unforeseen financial problems . i owed my family , friends , and creditors over $ 35 , 000 . the economy was taking a toll on my business and i just could n't seem to make ends meet . i had to refinance and borrow against my home to support my family and struggling business . i truly believe it was wrong for me to be in debt like this . at that moment something significant happened in my life and i am writing to share my experience in hopes that this will change your life forever . . . . financially ! ! ! in mid - december , i received this program via email . six months prior to receiving this program i had been sending away for information on various business opportunities . all of the programs i received , in my opinion , were not cost effective . they were either too difficult for me to comprehend or the initial investment was too much for me to risk to see if they worked or not . one claimed i 'd make a million dollars in one year . . . it did n't tell me i 'd have to write a book to make it . but like i was saying , in december of ' 92 i received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off a mailing list . thank goodness for that ! ! ! after reading it several times , to = make sure i was reading it correctly , i could n't believe my eyes . = 20 here was a money-making phenomenon . i could invest as much as i wanted = to start , without putting me further in debt . after i got a pencil and paper and figured it out , i would at least get my money back . after determining that the program is legal and not a chain letter , i decided "" why not "" . initially i sent out 10 , 000 emails . it only cost me about $ 15 . 00 for my time on-line . the great thing about email is that i did n't need any money for printing to send out the program , only the cost to fulfill my orders . i am telling you like it is , i hope it does n't turn you off , but i promised myself that i would not "" rip-off "" anyone , no matter how much money it cost me ! . in less than one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by january 13th , i had received 26 orders for report # 1 . when you read the guarantee in the program , you will see that "" you must receive = 15 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks . if you don ' t , send out = more programs until you do ! "" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in 20 to = 90 days was done . by january 30th , i had received 196 orders for report = # 2 . if you go back to the guarantee , "" you must receive 100 or more orders for report # 2 within two weeks . if not , send out more = programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , = relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goal . "" well , i had 196 orders for = report # 2 , 96 more than i needed . so i sat back and relaxed . by march = 19th , of my emailing of 10 , 000 , i received $ 58 , 000 with more coming in = every day . i paid off all my debts and bought a much needed new car . please take time to read the attached program , it will change your life forever ! remember , it wont work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place . it does n't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! report # 2 explains this . = 20 always follow the guarantee , 15 to 20 orders for report # 1 , and 100 or more orders for report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or more in 20 to 90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i ' m sorry . it really is a great opportunity with little cost or risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to financial security . if you are a fellow business owner and you are in financial trouble like i was , or you want to start your own business , consider this a sign . i did ! sincerely , christopher erickson ps do you have any idea what 11 , 700 $ 5 bills ( $ 58 , 000 ) look like piled up on a kitchen table ? it ' s awesome ! "" threw it away "" "" i had received this program before . i threw it away , but later wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to contact to get a copy , so i had to wait until i was emailed another copy of the program . eleven months passed , then it came . i didn ' t throw this one away . i made $ 41 , 000 on the first try . "" dawn w . , evansville , in "" no free lunch "" "" my late father always told me , ' remember , alan , there is no free lunch in life . you get out of life what you put into it . ' through trial and error and a somewhat slow frustrating start , i finally figured it out . the program works very well , i just had to find the right target group of people to email it to . so far this year , i have made over $ 63 , 000 using this program . i know my dad would have been very proud of me . "" alan b . , philadelphia , pa a personal note from the originator of this program by the time you have read the enclosed information and looked over the enclosed program and reports , you should have concluded that such a program , and one that is legal , could not have been created by an amateur . let me tell you a little about myself . i had a profitable business for ten years . then in 1979 my business began falling off . i was doing the same things that were previously successful for me , but it was n't working . finally , i figured it out . it was n't me , it was the economy . inflation and recession had replaced the stable economy that had been with us since 1945 . i do n't have to tell you what happened to the unemployment rate . . . because many of you know from first hand experience . there were more failures and bankruptcies than ever before . the middle class was vanishing . those who knew what they were doing = invested wisely and moved up . those who did not , including those who = never had anything to save or invest , were moving down into the ranks of = the poor . as the saying goes , "" the rich get richer and the poor get = poorer . "" the traditional methods of making money will never allow you = to "" move up "" or "" get rich "" , inflation will see to that . you have just received information that can give you financial freedom for the rest of your life , with "" no risk "" and "" just a little bit of effort . "" you can make more money in the next few months than you have = ever imagined . i should also point out that i will not see a penny of your money , nor anyone else who has provided a testimonial for this program . i have already made over four million dollars ! i have retired from the program after sending out over 16 , 000 programs . now i have several offices which market this and several other programs here in the us and overseas . by the spring , we wish to market the ' internet ' by a partnership with america on line . follow the program exactly as instructed . do not change it in any way . = it works exceedingly well as it is now . remember to email a copy of = this exciting program to everyone that you can think of . one of the people you send this to may send out 50 , 000 . . . and your name will be on every one of them ! . remember though , the more you send out , the = more potential customers you will reach . so my friend , i have given you the ideas , information , materials and opportunity to become financially independent , it is up to you now ! "" think about it "" before you delete this program from your mailbox , as i almost did , take a little time to read it and really think about it . get a pencil and figure out what could happen when you participate . figure out the worst possible response and no matter how you calculate it , you will still make a lot of money ! definitely get back what you invested . = 20 any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . it works ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc here ' s how this amazing program will make you $ $ $ $ $ $ let 's say that you decide to start small , just to see how it goes , and we ' ll assume you and all those involved send out 2 , 000 programs each . let 's also assume that the mailing receives a . 5 % response . using a good list the response could be much better . also many people will send out hundreds of thousands of programs instead of 2 , 000 . but continuing with this example , you send out only 2 , 000 programs . with a . 5 % response , that is only 10 orders for report # 1 . those 10 people respond by sending out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 20 , 000 . out of those . 5 % , 100 people respond and order report # 2 . those 100 mail out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 200 , 000 . the . 5 % response to that is 1 , 000 orders for report # 3 . those 1 , 000 send out 2 , 000 programs each for a 2 , 000 , 000 total . the . 5 % response to that is 10 , 000 orders for report # 4 . that 's 10 , 000 five dollar bills for you . cash ! ! ! ! your total income in this example is $ 50 + $ 500 + $ 5000 + $ 50 , 000 for a total of $ 55 , 550 ! ! ! ! remember friend , this is assuming 1 , 990 out of 2 , 000 people you mail to = will do absolutely nothing . . . and trash this program ! dare to think for = a moment what would happen if everyone or half sent out 100 , 000 programs instead of only 2 , 000 . believe me , many people will do = that and more ! by the way , your cost to participate in this is = practically nothing . you obviously already have an internet connection and email is free ! ! ! report # 3 will show you the best methods for bulk emailing and purchasing email lists . this is a legitimate , legal , money making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house except to get the mail . if you believe that someday you ' ll get that big break that you ' ve been waiting for , this is it ! simply follow the instructions , and your dream will come true . this multi-level email order marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time . email is the sales tool of the future . take advantage of this non-commercialized method of advertising now ! ! the longer you wait , the more people will be doing business using email . get your piece of this action ! ! multi-level marketing ( mlm ) has finally gained respectability . it is = being taught in the harvard business school , and both stanford research and the wall street journal have stated that between 50 % and = 65 % of all goods and services will be sold throughout multi - level methods by the mid to late 1990 's . this is a multi - billion dollar industry and of the 500 , 000 millionaires in the us , 20 % ( 100 , 000 ) made their fortune in the last several years in mlm . moreover , statistics show 45 people become millionaires everyday through multi - level marketing . instructions we at erris mail order marketing business , have a method of raising capital that really works 100 % every time . i am sure that you could use = $ 50 , 000 to $ 125 , 000 in the next 20 to 90 days . before you say "" bull "" , please read the program carefully . this is not a chain letter , but a perfectly legal money making opportunity . basically , this is what we do : as with all multi-level business , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the usa allows you to recruit new multi - level business partners , and we offer a product for every dollar sent . your orders come and are filled through the mail , so you are not = involved in personal selling . you do it privately in your own home , = store or office . this is the greatest multi - level mail order marketing anywhere : step ( 1 ) order all four 4 reports listed by name and number . dothis by ordering the report from each of the four 4 names listed on the next page . for each report , send $ 5 cash and a self - addressed , stamped envelope ( business size # 10 ) = to the person listed for the specific report . international = = 20 orders should also include $ 2 extra for postage . it is essential that you specify the name and number of the report requested to the person you are ordering from . you will need all four 4 reports because you will be reprinting and reselling them . do not alter the names or sequence other than what the instructions say . important : always provide same-day service on all orders . step ( 2 ) replace the name and address under report # 1 with yours , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . drop the name and address under report # 2 to report # 3 , moving the one that was there to report # 4 . the name and address that was under report # 4 is dropped from the list and this party is no doubt on the way to the bank . when doing this , make certain you type the names and addresses accurately ! do not mix up moving product / report positions ! ! ! step ( 3 ) having made the required changes in the name list , save it as a text ( . txt ) file in it 's own directory to be used with whatever email program you like . again , report # 3 will tell you the best methods of bulk emailing and acquiring email lists . step ( 4 ) email a copy of the entire program ( all of this is very important ) to everyone whose address you can get your hands on . start with friends and relatives since you can encourage them to take advantage of this fabulous = 20 money-making opportunity . that 's what i did . and they love me now , more than ever . then , email to anyone and everyone ! use your imagination ! you can get email addresses from companies on the internet who specialize in email mailing lists . these are very cheap , 100 , 000 addresses for around $ 35 . 00 . important : you won't get a good response if you use an old list , so always request a fresh , new list . you will find out where to purchase these lists when you order the four 4 reports . always provide same-day service on all orders ! ! ! required reports * * * order each report by number and name * * * always send a self-addressed , stamped envelope and $ 5 usd cash for each order requesting the specific report by name and number ( international orders should also include $ 2 usd extra for postage ) = 20 add you e amil address when sending in for your report this is for = updated information and continueing support ( optional ) that will be = handed down by you sponcers . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 "" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales "" order report # 1 from : a . siegmund # 57 trakehnenstr . 13 53332 bornheim , germany _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 "" major corporations and multi-level sales "" j . maz 15774 s . lagrange rd suite # 312 orland pk , il 60462 usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ order report # 2 from : a . siegmund # 57 trakehnenstr . 13 53332 bornheim , germany _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 "" sources for the best mailing lists "" order report # 3 from : b . thompson 13504 greencaslte ridge tr . 404 burtonsville md . 20866 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 "" evaluating multi-level sales plans "" order report # 4 from : muw # 2 po box 71442 salt lake city , ut 84171-0442 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conclusion . i am enjoying my fortune that i made by sending out this program . you too , will be making money in 20 to 90 days , if you follow the simple steps outlined in this mailing . to be financially independent is to be free . free to make financial decisions as never before . go into business , get into investments , retire or take a vacation . = 20 = = = = = = 20
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247,"Subject: bulk email for profit
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = 20 mail thousands of email messages per hour - no kidding ! ! send your email messages out , at 1 , 000 's messages / hour ( 28 . 8k modem ) yes , 1 , 000 's of messages an hour * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * millions of email addresses * * * * * * * * $ 100 . 00 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * you ' ll receive 2 high-speed email software programs introducing . . . . "" floodgate bulk email loader "" = 20 and . . . . "" goldrush stealth mass mailer "" this is the same software that all bulk emailing services use ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - floodgate bulk email loader version 5 . 2 and goldrush stealth mass mailer version 3 . 215 for windows 95 and windows 3 . 1 now supports 17 = 20 ( really more with the free form filter ) file formats - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - send out 20 , 000 + marketing letters every single day ! or . . . every few days . in fact , when i send out just a few thousand = marketing letters each day , it does n't take long before i ' m completely = swamped with email inquiries and phone calls . this is very easy to do . = and each one of these bulk mailings costs me nothing . i can teach you = how to do this and provide you with the tools you ' ll need . if you ' ve got a good marketing letter , i ' ll show you how to open the = floodgates . you ' ll be deluged with inquiries , leads , and real sales , = using nothing but email alone . writing a good marketing letter is not easy . i often have to rewrite my = marketing letters a half dozen times before i get the results i ' m = looking for . but once you have a good letter , as you probably know , you = can use the same letter over and over again , predictably and = consistently , closing sales , week after week , month after month . it takes me about one hour to send my marketing letter to thousands of = fresh email addresses . i can do this , thanks to a windows program i use . = it 's called floodgate and goldrush stealth mass mailer . it 's a bulk = email loader and an email software program . if you ' re interested in = electronic marketing , you should know about these programs . program # 1 : floodgate for windows the floodgate bulk email loader imports simple text files that anyone = can download from compuserve , prodigy , delphi genie , or the internet . = these text files contain classified ads , forum messages , or data from = the member directory . each of these files is filled with email = addresses . floodgate is designed to read these files and strip out the email = addresses . it then sorts the addresses , removes any duplicates , and = formats them into an output file , with 10 , 20 or 30 addresses per line . = this is all done in one simple step . just point and click . you ' ll need either a windows based internet account or an america = on - line account to send out your marketing letters . neither aol nor the = internet charges to send email . send your letter to 1 , 000 people or = 10 , 000 people - - the cost is always the same . nothing ! new ! prepare a mailing of 50 , 000 + = 20 in less than a 1 / 2 hour if you open an internet account , you can send each letter to 20 , 000 + = people . the new floodgate now directly writes distribution lists . some = people are always collecting new addresses , but if you publish a = newsletter or adsheet , you ' ll be using the same addresses over and over = again . that 's real power ! when using addresses you ' ve previously = collected , you can press a few buttons and prepare a mailing of 50 , 000 + = in less than a half hour . ( to get a list of all the internet access providers in your local = calling area goto : http : / / thelist . com and click on your area code . ) the floodgate users guide will teach you , step by step , how to download = the right files , how to strip the addresses , and finally , how to cut and = paste the formatted addresses into your marketing letter . or , if you = have an internet account , how to create distribution lists . one you ' ve = done this a few times you won't even have to think . it 's that simple ! for the brave & daring : pushing technology to its limits as you may know , the practice of sending unsolicited email is usually = frowned upon , and most service providers have rules against it . but , = like jay-walking , there is little enforcement . it 's not illegal . if = someone tells you that it is , ask them to provide the citation ( and = do n't let them give you some nonsense about faxes - that 's not email ) . = they can't do it because it 's not there . sometimes , when a lot of people = complain , i get a warning letter . and that 's about it . about 1 in 200 will write back and tell me , "" take me off the list "" , = which i can do , thanks to floodgates remove list feature . many people = reply back thanking me for sending them my informative letter . that 's = always nice . most people though , just reply and say , "" send me more = info . "" in this way , it usually takes me two or three letters to close a = sale . the floodgate users guide will provide you with proven formats for = writing a successful marketing letter . you ' ll test and rewrite , test and = rewrite . then , once you ' ve got it , just push a few buttons , and open the = floodgates ! ! ! the floodgate bulk email loader currently supports 17 + file formats 1 . compuserve classifieds : send your marketing letter to everyone who is = running a classified ad . i ' ll teach you how to download all the = classifieds from any single ad category . this is one of the most = responsive list of buyers . they check their email every day and they ' re = already in business . 2 . america on - line classifieds : download 1 , 000 addresses in 15 minutes . = these are excellent lists for business to business sales . 3 . compuserve forums : you can join a forum and download hundreds of = forum messages in a matter of minutes . 4 . america on - line forums : choose from dozens of forums . all good = targeted lists . 5 . prodigy forums : prodigy allows you to easily export any group of = forum messages . more targeted lists . 6 . internet newsgroups : these are all targeted lists . you ' ll be able to = send your marketing letter to everyone who posts a message in any = newsgroup . easily collect 1 , 000 's of addresses per hour . 7 . america on - line member directory : most member directories only allow = you to search by city and state . with aol , you can search by business = type , hobbies , computer type , etc . this is the gem of all member directories . build huge targeted lists . 8 . compuserve member directory : this is a major resource . if you ' re = willing to target your mailing to a single city , you can collect about = 1 , 000 email addresses an hour . 9 . delphi member directory : the delphi member directory allows you to = search for people based on key words . these are good targeted mailing = lists . a single search can easily generate 5 , 000 addresses . 10 . genie member directory : similar to the compuserve member directory , = only you can download names much quicker . you can easily pull hundreds = of thousands of addresses out of each of these member directories . 11 . compuserve file cabinet : if you run classified ads , and save the = responses in the cim file cabinet , you ' ll be able to easily reuse these = addresses . you can send your marketing letter to everyone in any single = folder . build master lists and clean up your hard drive . 12 . free form : if you have a text file with email addresses that = floodgate does not support , chances are the free form filter will be = just what you need . just enter a key word to search for . 13 . compuserve form profiles ( forum membership directories ) : easy to = build targeted lists here . each search can easily bring you 500 + addresses . 14 . genie profiles : if you ' re building targeted lists , you ' ll get a lot = of addresses very quickly from genie . 15 . plain addresses : read floodgate master files back into floodgate to = merge files and do selective mailings . also useful for the management of = email address lists that you might purchase . floodgate also has filters to allow you to include or exclude any groups = of addresses in your final distribution lists . for example , you could = include only email addresses that ended in . com or exclude all with = . gov . you could exclude all noc , root , and other addresses that almost = guarantee a negative response . these filters are fully configurable and = can be used together . build reusable master files floodgate maintains master files for each of your marketing letters . if = you download from the same place on a regular basis , you only want to = send your letter to the new people . floodgate will compare the new = addresses with those in the master file , and prepare a mailing list of = only new people . the new addresses are , of course , then added to the = master file . with each new mailing your master file grows and grows . you may create as many master lists as you need . when you start a new = marketing campaign , you ' ll want to send your new letter to everyone on = your master list . if you write a newsletter , each time you send your = newsletter , you ' ll send it to everyone on a master list . the remove list very often , people will reply and tell you to take them off your mailing = list . place these addresses in the remove . mst file and they will never = receive another letter from you again . in this way , you will be = operating your business with the most professionalism possible . don ' t be fooled we have some new competitors that have tried to copy floodgate . the = following list describes why floodgate is better . . . . . . . * * floodgate is a mature , bug free product . not an initial release . * * floodgate comes with over 100 pages of step by step = documentation . * * floodgate is the only one offering a money back guarantee . * * floodgate has more testimonials . = 20 * * filter for filter , floodgate offers more capabilities , way more . = 20 * * floodgate does everything all the others * combined * claim . = 20 * * floodgate is by far the easiest to use . * * there is no * cutting and pasting * with floodgate . = 20 * * we have by far , the best technical support . some quick math floodgate can pay for itself in a few days . it can also cut your = advertising costs down to almost nothing . think of what the competition = will do when they get their floodgate program . do n't be left in the dust = - there are 75 million people out there , just a few keystrokes away . = let 's do the math : - email 50 , 000 sales letters ( takes about 1 - 2 hours ) - let 's say your product will bring you $ 5 profit per sale . - let 's also say you only get a 1 % response ( occasionally higher ) . * that 's 500 orders x $ 5 = 3d $ 2 , 500 profit ! ! now imagine what 500 , 000 = letters would do for your business ! ! what can i market on-line ? you can market anything on-line using direct email , that can be marketed = using conventional postal direct mail marketing . the possibilities are = practically endless . if it sells off-line , you can sell it on-line . easy to install and easy to learn the floodgate email loader requires windows . the supplied manual tells = you where to go , what to do , and how to do it . all you need are basic = computer skills that can be learned with a little practice or help from = our computer savvy technicians . program # 2 : goldrush stealth mass mailer do not get this program confused with other slow speed programs that = call themselves "" stealth "" . this program is the only one in the world = that can send email out at high speeds with one single connection to the = internet . = 20 this is new , cutting edge email technology . first of it 's kind . . the = most powerful bulk email sender in the world . . nothing can even come = close ! = 20 thanks to our top programmer 's , this technology is now available and we = are the only place you can get it from ! = 20 * only "" one "" dial-up or isdn connection needed . = 20 * no more terminated connections . = 20 * no more waiting to send large amounts of email . = 20 * immediate response to your mass mailings . = 20 * you will have all the control and confidence of = 20 sending email the way it should be sent . . . in huge amounts ! = 20 * send your whole list in one day , whether it be 500 , 000 = 20 or 5 million - and just sit back and wait for your = 20 orders to pour in . = 20 * no more downloading undeliverable names . bulk emailer 's dream come true ! ! ! - > > > goldrush stealth mass mailer connect to multiple mail servers ( 20 or more ) , make multiple connections = to a single server or any combination of the two ( all simultaneously ) = with one single dial-up connection . = 20 send multiple simultaneous mailings . . . = 20 view complete details about your mailings . shows each server your = connected to , the status of that connection , how many messages are going = out through that connection , etc . . . we show you all the tricks all the mass e-mailers do n't want you to = know . . . = 20 here are just a few features the goldrush stealth mass mailer offers to = you . . . = 20 * forge the header - message id - isp 's will spin their wheels . = 20 * add 's a bogus authenticated sender to the header . = 20 * add 's a complete bogus received from / received by line with = 20 real time / date stamp and recipient to the header . = 20 * does not require a valid pop account be entered in order to = 20 send your mailings . = 20 * easy to use and operate = 20 * plus much more ! = 20 all this , at speeds of up to 1 , 000 's messages / hour ( 28 . 8k modem ) . = 20 special introductory price . . . = 20 now you can have both the floodgate and = 20 goldrush stealth mass mailer for just $ 499 . 00 ! = 20 update . . . save $ 149 . 05 and order now , be one of the first 100 orders ! = 20 step up to the plate and play with the big boys today and receive the = complete 2 software package for the unbelievably low price of only = $ 349 . 95 ! = 20 ( other bulk email software has sold for as much as $ 2 , 500 and can't even = come close to the cutting edge technology of ease , accuracy and speed = . . . speed . . . speed ! ) = 20 try the goldrush stealth mass mailer & floodgate bulk email loader for = 10 days free . = 20 and receive unlimited technical support for 30 days . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * millions of email addresses millions and millions of email addresses cd with millions of email addresses separated by domain name . all addresses are simple text format one per line . addresses from the following domains : pipleline , msn , mci , juno , delphi , genie , aol , compuserve , internet , . com & . net , millions of them ! not available on diskette or download . want the millions of addresses for $ 100 . 00 ? just buy our floodgate / goldrush software package ( with all the bonuses included ) , and the millions of addresses are yours for just $ 100 . 00 additional . these addresses will be delivered to you in simple text files that any bulk emailing program can use , on cd rom . with this cd , you can begin making money immediately ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * special bonus # 1 : * * * stop losing isp dial up accounts ! = 20 if you order the floodgate / goldrush software within the next 5 days - = when you receive your program , you will also receive : = 20 * complete instructions on "" how to keep your dial up account from = showing up in the header "" , plus everything you will need to get started = doing this . = 20 important notice ! we will initially only be offering 100 copies of the = program for sale , first come / first served basis only . we are doing = this because of the extreme power that these programs offer . * * * special bonus # 2 * * * = 20 when you receive your two programs , you will also receive : over 250 reprint and resell rights reports you can start to market and make money immediately ! ! ! = 20 these hot sellers include : = 20 1 ) how to get a top rating in the search engines = 20 2 ) 70 money making reports = 20 3 ) 75 money making plans & trade secrets and much much more ! ! ! = 20 ( $ 200 retail value - free ! ! ! ) = 20 * * * special bonus # 3 * * * with your two software programs , you will also receive our new "" address = grabber "" utility program that enables you to grab 100 's of thousands of = email addresses from newsgroups in minutes ( $ 100 retail value - free ) . * * * special bonus # 4 * * * receive checks by email , phone or fax machine . with this software program , you can receive payment for your product or service instantly ! ! there is no more waiting for your customers chec to arrive . this software will no doubt , add to your sales , for customers who do n't have credit cards , as well as the impulse buyers . with this software , you can print up your payments as soon as your customer gives you his / her checking information . you will then add the information given , to the proper blank check spaces , then just print and go to the bank ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to get your free demo and "" test drive "" our state-of - the-art software , = 20 fax us your email address and request to : = 09 1-561 - 966-6839 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * hurry . . . reserve yours today ! = 20 so , if you are interested in taking advantage of the most powerful bulk = 20 email software in the world and start making money hand over fist . . . . . print out the ez order form below and fax or mail it to our office . if you have any questions do n't hesitate to call us at : 1-561 - 965-6139 system requirements 386 or larger windows 95 or windows 3 . 1 with 8 meg ram extra 5 mb hard drive space floodgate & goldrush can be run on a fast mac with 24 mb ram and = softwindows . notes from satisfied users "" it is everything you said it was . within one week of my first mailing , = i received a record number of orders . all you need to print money is a = decent sales letter . thanks . "" randy albertson , wolverine capital . "" after using floodgate and your utility program all day today , let me = say these are as two of the finest programs i have ever bought in my 52 = years ! your support has been superb . thank you ! "" vernon hale , prime data = systems "" my first day and i just used floodgate and pegasus to send 1 , 469 sales = letters . so far i ' ve got about 25 positive responses . it works great ! ! ! = thanks . "" donald prior "" floodgate is awesome ! . i recently started a new business on-line . i = stripped the addresses of the aol & cis classifieds . i sent out 3 , 497 = email letters and got over 400 people to join my company in 5 days ! = needless to say , it pays for itself . "" david sheeham , ompd "" i was able to use floodgate to extract the names from the internet news = groups . it works perfectly . needless to say , i am very excited about the = use of this new technology . "" mark eberra , inside connections "" this is a great piece of software and an invaluable marketing tool . "" = joe kuhn , the millennium group "" i just thought you 'd like to know that this program is fantastic . after = loading it on my system , i wanted to test it out . in my first hour of = using this , i collected 6 , 092 email addresses ! "" richard kahn , ld = communications "" i just love the floodgate program . it saves me hours and hours of time . = this is the beginning of a wonderful fun time marketing on-line . thank = you so much for writing this program . "" beth o'neill , eudora , ks "" your software is brilliant , and from the technical support i ' ve = received , i can see you have a genuine love and respect of = people . . . floodgate is a divine package . wish i had found it sooner . "" tom = sanders , peoria , il "" i really like the way the floodgate software package works . it is very = easy to use , and really does the trick . it has already saved me an = incredible amount of time and energy . "" john berning , jr . , fairfield , nj "" it 's going great with floodgate ! i like using delphi . i just collected = 50 , 000 + addresses within 20 minutes on-line . "" richard kahn , r&b = associates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - e - z order form : please print out this order form and fill in the blanks . . . . . . please send order form and check or money order , payable to : ted keller p . o . box 741342 boynton beach , fl 33474-1342 ( 561 ) - 965-6139 _ _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to try your cutting-edge software so that i can = advertise my business to thousands of people on-line whenever i like ! i = understand that i have 10 days to trial the software . if i am not fully = delighted , i will cheerfully be refunded the purchase price , no = questions asked ! please rush me the floodgate and goldrush package now ! _ _ _ _ _ _ i am ordering within 72 hours ! that qualifies me to receive the = floodgate and goldrush package at a substantial discount ! i am ordering = both software packages for only $ 349 . 95 . ( save $ 150 off the retail = price . . . . software has sold for as much as $ 2 , 499 . 95 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ i am ordering within 72 hours ! that qualifies me to receive = unlimited technical support for 30 days . _ _ _ _ _ _ i want to receive the package overnight . i ' m including $ 18 . 00 for = shipping charges . _ _ _ _ _ _ i want to receive the package 2nd day . i ' m including $ 10 . 00 = ( includes insurance & return receipt ) for shipping charges . _ _ _ _ _ _ i ' m ordering floodgate / goldrush software and want to order the = millions of email addresses as well . my additional cost is $ 100 . 00 = enclosed . _ _ _ _ _ _ i ' m not ordering your floodgate / goldrush software , but i want to order your millions of email addresses on cd . enclosed is = $ 249 . 00 . ( checks : allow 1 week for bank clearance ) your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your position _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email addresses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * we accept checks , money orders , mastercard , visa , american express . you can either mail your order to = 20 us or fax your order to : ( 561 ) - 966-6839 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * today 's date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 visa _ _ _ _ mastercard _ _ _ _ american express _ _ _ _ discover _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 card # : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 billing address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 amount to be charged : $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i agree to pay ted keller an additional $ 29 fee if my check is returned = for insufficient or uncollectable funds . signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please send all order forms and check or money order to payable to : ted keller p . o . box 741342 boynton beach , fl 33474-1342 ( 561 ) - 965-6139 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * or : please paste your check here ( if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check = by mail . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from = your original check that you faxed to us ) please fax the above order form and check to : 1-561 - 966-6839 = 19 = 02osine - gw
",1
248,"Subject: xxx adult sex ! ! !
 
 the largest selection of hot beautiful xxx live girls from the u . s . a . & europe ! ! ! = 20 voted as the 1998 best adult site ! = 20 * live girl sex shows ! ! ! * 4 free live video feeds & chatrooms ! ! ! = 20 * free erotic stories ! ! * free pictures of xxx porn stars ! ! * confessions ! ! ! * free pictures of teens & men ! ! ! and lots more to do for free ! ! ! * real live sex ! ! ! must see to believe this show ! ! never seen before on = the internet ! you must be 21 or older . http : / / www . pscsurprise . com aol click here ! = 20 if you take offense to this email & wish to be taken off our list , or = would like to know how you can win free time on our sex shows or cash prizes = monthly simply e-mail us at : mwa234 @ hotmail . com we are sorry for any inconvie
",1
249,"Subject: have a dream ? need money ?
 
 let me show how this plan can work for you , as it has for so many = people . $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ = 20 you are about to make at least $ 50 , 000 in less than 90 days ! = 20 very minimum outlay & enormous return go ahead , just try it ! ! you have absolutely nothing to lose ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this electronic marketing program works perfectly . . . . . . . the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . initially i let no one in the organization know that i was an attorney and , to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , philip a . brown dear friend , just so you know , i tested this opportunity by sending out a few emails to see what kind of response i would get . it is a matter of you doing the same . the response i have received is amazing . just try it and you will more than reap your money back . it can be started with very little investment and the income return is tremendous and exciting ! ! ! = 20 there 's nothing like getting money in the mail ! god bless , = 20 * * * please print this now for future reference * * * this is a money - making phenomenon ! = 20 print this letter , read the program . . . then just try it ! ! ! you are looking at a very profitable and unique program . it has = demonstrated and proven to generate large sums of money . this program is showing fantastic appeal with a huge and ever growing population which needs additional income . this is a legitimate legal money-making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail . if you believe that some day you will get that lucky break that you have been waiting for , this is it ! simply follow the easy instructions , and your dream will come true ! = 20 thousands of people have used this program to raise capital = 20 to start their own business , pay off debts , buy homes , cars , etc . , even retire ! this is your chance , so do n't pass it up ! overview of this extraordinary electronic marketing program ; basically , this is what we do : we sell thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs us next to nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all network businesses , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new business online ( with your computer ) . the product in this program is a series of four businesses and financial reports . each $ 5 . 00 order you receive by "" snail mail "" will include the e-mail address of the sender . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s it ! . . . the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the greatest electronic marketing business anywhere ! > > > > > follow the instructions exactly ! let 's face it , the profits are worth it ! they ' re tremendous ! ! ! so go for it . remember the 4 points and we ' ll see you at the top ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n = s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports listed and numbered from the list below . for = each report send $ 5 . 00 cash , your e-mail address and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to each person listed . when you order , make sure you request each specific report . you will need all four reports , because you will be saving them on your computer and reselling them . 2 . important - - do not alter the names , or their sequence other = than instructed in this program ! or you will not profit the way you = should . the name and address under report # 1 with yours , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . move the name and address under report # 2 to report # 3 . move the name and address under report # 3 to report # 4 . the name and address that was under report # 4 is dropped off the list and is no doubt on the way to the bank . when doing this , please make certain you copy = everyone 's name and address accurately ! ! ! also , do not move the report / product positions ! 3 . take this entire program text , including the corrected names list , and save it on your computer . 4 . now you ' re ready to start a massive advertising campaign on the worldwide web ! advertising on the web is very , very inexpensive , but there are hundreds of free places to advertise also . another avenue which you could use is e-mail mailing lists . you can buy these lists for under $ 35 / 100 , 000 addresses . = 20 start your ad campaign as soon as you can ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! ! ! required reports * * * order each report by number and name * * * always send $ 5 cash ( concealed ) for each order requesting the specific report by name and number . always send first class or priority mail and provide your e-mail address for quick delivery . = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 = 20 "" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales "" order report # 1 from : aag p . o . box 75 waller , tx . 77484 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 "" major corporations and multi-level sales "" order report # 2 from : edco interests = 20 p . o . box 1108 huffman , tx . 77336 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 = 20 "" sources for the best mailing lists "" order report # 3 from : bill hines 4383 harmony ln . santa maria , ca . 93455 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 = 20 "" evaluating multi-level sales plans "" order report # 4 from : n . b . bostrom 3871 hwy 527 . haughton , la 71037 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ get free e-mail and a permanent address at http : / / www . netaddress . com
",1
250,"Subject: internet specialist 007 - the spy
 
 internet specialist 007 - the spy learn everything about your friends , neighbors , enemies , employees or anyone else ! - - even your boss ! - - even yourself ! this mammoth snoop collection of internet sites will provide you the newest and most current addresses available on the net today . . . = 20 * track down an old debt , or anyone else that has done you wrong ! it 's incredible , and so many new data sites have come online in the past 90 days . . . * over 300 giant resources to look up people , credit , social security , current or past employment , mail order purchases , = 20 addresses , phone numbers , maps to city locations . . . * investigate your family history ! check birth , death , adoption or social security records check service records or army , navy , air force or = 20 marine corps . * locate an old friend ( or an enemy who is hiding ) or a lost = 20 love - - find e-mail , telephone or address information on anyone ! = 20 even look up * unlisted * phone numbers ! * find work by searching classified ads all over the world ! * screen prospective employees - - check credit , driving or criminal records verify income or educational accomplishments = 20 * check out your daughter 's new boyfriend ! * find trial transcripts and court orders ! * enjoy the enchantment of finding out a juicy tid-bit about a co-worker . the internet is a powerful megasource of information , = 20 if you only know where to look . i tell you how to find = 20 out nearly anything about anybody , and tell you exactly where to find it ! you will be amazed to find out what personal information = 20 other people can find out about you ! check your credit = 20 report so you can correct wrong information that may be = 20 used to deny you credit . research yourself first ! you ' ll be horrified , as i was , = 20 at how much data has been accumulated about you . any my huge collection is only the beginning ! once you = 20 locate these free private , college and government web sites , you ' ll find even more links to even more = 20 information search engines ! = 20 if you believe ( like i do ) that the information that is stored about each one of us should be freely accessible , you ' ll want to see the snoop collection i ' ve compiled . verify your own records , or find out what you need to = 20 know about others . i ' m telling you , it 's incredible what you can find out using the internet ! we will accept checks by fax at 813-269 - 9651 or > > > send $ 14 . 95 cash , check or money order to : > > > the coldwell group > > > p . o . box 3787 > > > dept 1007 > > > petersburg , va 23805 i will rush back to you my snoop information for fastest service include your * e-mail * address . = 20 * what information is available - - and exact url to get there ! * exactly where to look for - - and the clever way to use - - = 20 the above search engines , and tons more ! * my easy-to - browse categorized megacenter of information has my own description of how to use each site , and what you ' ll find when you get there - - and tricky tips on how to = 20 extract the best data ! you can know everything about everybody with this internet specialist collection ! * * soon to be available - - the most complete international internet spy = 20 sites available on the web today * * don ' t miss this one or you ' ll be sorry = 20 to be removed from our list please fax your address to 813-269 - 9651 . l = e3 = 01 @ u = 0b
",1
251,"Subject: "" free "" $ 400 bulk mail software "" explodes your business ""
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - your email address was given to me as a person interested in business opportunities . . . if this is not correct , then please = 20 accept my apologies . you will not be contacted again . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - what if ? i could provide you with a $ 400 bulk email software and low cost long distance , plus your own home business for free ? to take advantage of this offer , you will need to become a distributor in my downline . free distributorships when you change your long distance = 20 service to our low rate plans . once you have obtained your id # i = 20 would then send you everything promised in this letter . and what if ? i also provide you with a free web page , and a free = 20 marketing package that includes ads , letters , software , and much more ? let me explain . there are no startup costs ! = 20 no sign up fee ! = 20 no minimum volume ! = 20 no meetings ! = 20 and = 20 you do n't have to wonder about how to build your business . = 20 just follow a proven plan . it 's that simple . if you are serious about your financial future , just reply to this message and put freedom in the subject . = 20 your financial future is within your grasp . i have the answer to your business growth problems . "" free "" ! = 20 read on , i will "" not "" ask you to spend any money ! you do n't want to trash this one ! i "" will "" give you absolutely "" free "" a = new software called "" freedom "" , that sells for $ 400 . i will not ask for any = money ! freedom software allows you to extract email addresses from the = newsgroups , aol subscribers , etc . freedom has many features , including easy extractions of the addresses = you need to flag for removal . you can extract a "" batch "" of a few hundred , or = a "" catagory "" of thousands at a time . will your business "" explode "" ? = 20 you bet it will ! it has to ! ! ! ! you will become a part of the "" only downline in the entire world "" = 20 that has this capablity ! along with "" freedom "" , i provide you with a "" great "" , "" free business "" , that you can promote on the internet and off . = 20 use freedom in the business i provide for you , or "" freedom "" in = 20 your current business . all you will need to do to start your online biz today and even have your free web page is to become a distributor in my downline . = 20 for quick and free details , just hit reply with "" freedom "" in the subject line and you will receive information about this exciting opportunity right away ! i look forward to your response .
",1
252,"Subject: re ; inquiry for lost id . . . for replacement from anywhere in theworld
 
 yes . . . . we carry all types of id from all over the world . . . . . any = state . . . any province or country . . . . . . be anyone you want . . . protect your privacy . . . . lost id replaced in 24 hours . . . . . . largest selection of novelty id anywhere . . . . call us 24 hours order your free catalog today . . . . . . . 604-244 - 4926 24 hours . . . 604-244 - 4926 student id from any college or university . . . travel id . . . press id . . . state id . . . fbi id . . . . fun and entertainment id . . . . . or just about any type id custom made to your satisfaction . . . id from any country in the world . . . . . . . visit us at : http : / / www . photoidcards . com
",1
253,"Subject: control $ 15 , 000 creditline with $ 200 deposit !
 
 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx = 20 credit control x x xxxxxxxxxxxxx this special report contains never-before - published information on how = to utilize leverage for both obtaining credit and eliminating debt . there = is nothing else like it on the market . it will show you how to : = 20 bulletin 1 : control a $ 15 , 000 credit line with only a $ 200 deposit and = no credit check ! ( this particular technique can also be used to control = credit lines in the millions ! ) = 20 bulletin 2 : pay off debts / loans and mortgages in weeks at discounts of = up to 40 % using simple financial tools with 10 - to - 1 leverage . = 20 bulletin 3 : raise money on your home without using banks . = 20 bulletin 4 : eliminate debts completely for as little as 15 cents on = thedollar = 20 . = 20 bulletin 5 : secrtets of offshore bank accounts that can be opened = without a bank reference and that will set you up with a credit card merchant = account . = 20 with lower interest rates making it easier for borrowers to pay back = 20 their loans and due to unprecedented competition in the credit / lending markets , many banks have had to relax their lending practices in order = to attract more business . = 20 these factors combined are now making it possible for creative borrowers = to take advantage of the situation and borrow money that would have = otherwise not been available to them in the past . = 20 i am very pleased and excited to have the privilege of showing you = 20 how you can utilize some very simple yet powerful principles = 20 to get the money you need to pay off overdue bills , start a business or take a vacation . using the proven and simple banking procedure of = compound collateral leveraging you will have at your fingertips the crucial information that will enable you to get a $ 15 , 000 credit line with only = $ 200 of your own money without a credit check . you will also be able to pay = off your mortgage and debts at discounts of up to 40 % . = 20 these same techniques can be used to control credit lines in the = millions ! ! ! there are never any processing or application fees since this is not a banking , brokering or financial institution . you will only be getting valuable and indispensable financial and technical information that will enable you to get the cash you desire as well as the names of banks that = are more innovative in their lending practices . the techniques are perfectly legal and are utilized daily . do not pass up this opportunity to better = your financial conditon in a business world that only respects cash and / or credit ! can you afford not to get your hands on this information ? = 20 order your reports today ! = 20 if you order today and mention that you got our = 20 offer thru email you can purchase the 5 bulletin report for $ 29 . 95 , including s&h , $ 10 off our regular price of = $ 39 . 95 ! ! ! ! ! ! = 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - order form = 20 where did you see our ad ? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 this powerful information is backed by a 100 % money-back guarantee . = 20 please check below each bulletin as listed on the preceding pages that = you = 20 wish to order . one of any bulletin is $ 14 . 95 ; two bulletins is $ 21 . 95 ; = 20 three bulletins is $ 27 . 95 ; four bulletins is $ 34 . 95 and all five are $ 39 . 95 . ( all prices in u . s . dollars ) ( include your email & street = addresses in your correspondence ! ) = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ bulletin 1 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ bulletin 2 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ bulletin 3 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ bulletin 4 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ bulletin 5 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total bulletins ordered = 20 $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ price ( plus $ 3 . 00 s&h ) . please make check = 20 or money order payable to : = 20 cash grant = 20 2840 sylvan ramble road ste c = 20 atlanta , ga 30345 . usa = 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - disclaimer = 20 the information in this report does not constitute legal advice or the practice of law . it is merely the communication of information in = accordance with the right to free speech . anyone seeking legal advice should = consult a competent and qualified professional . the authors , editor , and publisher assume no responsibility for anyone acting in accordance with this information . all readers are specifically advised to obey all laws , statutes . and regulations to the letter . = 20
",1
254,"Subject: just released ! 16 million !
 
 it was just released ! ! = 20 introducing . . . millions vol . 1 we took a total of over 92 million email addresses from many of the touted cd 's that are out there ( bought them all - some were $ 300 + ) ! we added the millions we had in storage to those . when we combined them all , we had in excess of 100 + million addresses in one huge file . we then ran a super "" sort / de-dupe "" program against this huge list . it cut the file down to less than 25 million ! ! ! can you believe that ? it seems that most people that are selling cd 's are duping the public by putting numerous files of addresses in the cd over and over . this created many duplicate addresses . they also had many program "" generated "" email addresses like compuserve , mci , anon 's , etc . this causes a tremendous amount of undeliverables , and for those that use stealth programs , clogs up servers quickly with trash , etc . we then ran a program that contained 150 + keywords to remove addresses with vulgarity , profanity , sex-related names , postmaster , webmaster , flamer , abuse , spam , etc . , etc . also eliminated all . edu , . mil , . org , . gov , etc . after that list was run against the remaining = list , it reduced it down to near 16 million addresses ! so , you see , our list will save people hundreds of dollars buying all others that are out there on cd and otherwise . using ours will be like using the 100 + million that we started with , but a lot less money and alot less time ! ! we also purchased cyber - promos ( $ 995 . 00 ) cd . we received it just prior to finishing production work on the new cd . we had our people take a random sample of 300 , 000 addresses from the touted 2 . 9 that they advertised . we used a program that allows us to take a random sample of addresses from any list . we were able to have the program take every 9th address , thus giving us a 300 , 000 list of cyber 's email addresses from top to bottom . we did not clean these , but we did = create 3 seperate files named cyber1 . txt , cyber2 . txt , & cyber3 . txt of 100 , 000 addresses each . this will give all people that use the list a = opportunity to send mail to the list before deciding if their cd is all it 's hyped to = be . we also included a 2 + million "" remove / flamer "" file broke into seperate files for ease of extracting and adding to your own database of = removes . "" you can buy from the rest or you can buy from the best . your choice . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ what others are saying : = 20 "" i received the cd on friday evening . like a kid with a new toy , i immediately started bulking out using the new email addresses . over the course of the weekend , i emailed out over 500 , 000 emails and i received less than twenty undeliverables ! ! i am totally satisfied with my purchase ! ! thanks premier ! ! "" dave buckley houston , tx "" this list is worth it 's weight in gold ! ! i sent out 100 , 000 emails for = my product and received over 55 orders ! ann colby new orleans , la * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = 20 here ' s the bottom line here is what you get when you order today ! > > 16 million email addresses . . . 1 per line in simple text format on a = cd . files are in lots of 100 , 000 ( no codes needed to open files ) . all files are separated by domain name for your convenience . = 20 plus you receive a tremendous remove list ! = 20 and = 20 the a sampling of cyberpromo 's hot list . > > > now only $ 149 . 00 ! this price is effective for the next seven days , thereafter the price = will be $ 199 . 00 so order now ! all lists are completely free of any duplicates . we also on a continual basis , add new names and remove undeliverables and remove requests . = 20 the result is the cleanest email addresses available anywhere to use over and over again , for a fraction of the cost that other companies charge . typical rates for acquiring email lists are from 1 cent to as high as 3 cents per email address - that 's "" information highway "" robbery ! . do n't even hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most effective way to market anywhere . . period ! if you have any further questions or to place an order by phone , please do not hesitate to call us at : 908-245 - 1143 to order our email package , simply print out the ez order form below and fax or mail it to our office today . = 20 we accept visa , mastercard , amex , checks by fax and mail . = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ez order form = 20 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to order millions vol . 1 email addresses for only $ 149 . 00 . = 20 = 20 * please select one of the following for shipping . . = 20 _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package overnight . i ' m including $ 15 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) = 20 _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package 2 day delivery . i ' m including $ 10 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) = 20 date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 type of credit card : = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ _ _ mastercard = 20 credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 name on card _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 amount $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 = 20 ( required ) signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 date : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 you may fax your order to us at : 1-908 - 245-3119 = 20 check by fax services ! = 20 if you would like to fax a check , paste your check below and fax it to our office along with all forms to : 1-908 - 245-3119 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 24 hour fax services * * * please paste your = 20 check here and fax it to us at 1-908 - 245-3119 = 20 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = 20 if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from your original check . all checks will be held for bank clearance . if you feel more comfortable sending payment through the mail , please send all forms and check or money order to : = 20 rapture marketing inc . p . o . box 616 kenilworth , nj 07033
",1
255,"Subject: bulk email for profit
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = 20 mail thousands of email messages per hour - no kidding ! ! send your email messages out , at 1 , 000 's messages / hour ( 28 . 8k modem ) yes , 1 , 000 's of messages an hour * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * millions of email addresses * * * * * * * * $ 100 . 00 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * you ' ll receive 2 high-speed email software programs introducing . . . . "" floodgate bulk email loader "" = 20 and . . . . "" goldrush stealth mass mailer "" this is the same software that all bulk emailing services use ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * also available - - - - resell rights - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = 20 you can now resell this unique emailing software and earn $ 100 . 00 per sale and never do any tech support we ' ll do it for your customers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - floodgate bulk email loader version 6 . 0 and goldrush stealth mass mailer version 3 . 215 for windows 95 and windows 3 . 1 now supports 17 = 20 ( really more with the free form filter ) file formats - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - send out 20 , 000 + marketing letters every single day ! or . . . every few days . in fact , when i send out just a few thousand = marketing letters each day , it does n't take long before i ' m completely = swamped with email inquiries and phone calls . this is very easy to do . = and each one of these bulk mailings costs me nothing . i can teach you = how to do this and provide you with the tools you ' ll need . if you ' ve got a good marketing letter , i ' ll show you how to open the = floodgates . you ' ll be deluged with inquiries , leads , and real sales , = using nothing but email alone . writing a good marketing letter is not easy . i often have to rewrite my = marketing letters a half dozen times before i get the results i ' m = looking for . but once you have a good letter , as you probably know , you = can use the same letter over and over again , predictably and = consistently , closing sales , week after week , month after month . it takes me about one hour to send my marketing letter to thousands of = fresh email addresses . i can do this , thanks to a windows program i use . = it 's called floodgate and goldrush stealth mass mailer . it 's a bulk = email loader and an email software program . if you ' re interested in = electronic marketing , you should know about these programs . program # 1 : floodgate for windows the floodgate bulk email loader imports simple text files that anyone = can download from compuserve , prodigy , delphi genie , or the internet . = these text files contain classified ads , forum messages , or data from = the member directory . each of these files is filled with email = addresses . floodgate is designed to read these files and strip out the email = addresses . it then sorts the addresses , removes any duplicates , and = formats them into an output file , with 10 , 20 or 30 addresses per line . = this is all done in one simple step . just point and click . you ' ll need either a windows based internet account or an america = on - line account to send out your marketing letters . neither aol nor the = internet charges to send email . send your letter to 1 , 000 people or = 10 , 000 people - - the cost is always the same . nothing ! new ! prepare a mailing of 50 , 000 + = 20 in less than a 1 / 2 hour if you open an internet account , you can send each letter to 20 , 000 + = people . the new floodgate now directly writes distribution lists . some = people are always collecting new addresses , but if you publish a = newsletter or adsheet , you ' ll be using the same addresses over and over = again . that 's real power ! when using addresses you ' ve previously = collected , you can press a few buttons and prepare a mailing of 50 , 000 + = in less than a half hour . ( to get a list of all the internet access providers in your local = calling area goto : http : / / thelist . com and click on your area code . ) the floodgate users guide will teach you , step by step , how to download = the right files , how to strip the addresses , and finally , how to cut and = paste the formatted addresses into your marketing letter . or , if you = have an internet account , how to create distribution lists . one you ' ve = done this a few times you won't even have to think . it 's that simple ! for the brave & daring : pushing technology to its limits as you may know , the practice of sending unsolicited email is usually = frowned upon , and most service providers have rules against it . but , = like jay-walking , there is little enforcement . it 's not illegal . if = someone tells you that it is , ask them to provide the citation ( and = do n't let them give you some nonsense about faxes - that 's not email ) . = they can't do it because it 's not there . sometimes , when a lot of people = complain , i get a warning letter . and that 's about it . about 1 in 200 will write back and tell me , "" take me off the list "" , = which i can do , thanks to floodgates remove list feature . many people = reply back thanking me for sending them my informative letter . that 's = always nice . most people though , just reply and say , "" send me more = info . "" in this way , it usually takes me two or three letters to close a = sale . the floodgate users guide will provide you with proven formats for = writing a successful marketing letter . you ' ll test and rewrite , test and = rewrite . then , once you ' ve got it , just push a few buttons , and open the = floodgates ! ! ! the floodgate bulk email loader currently supports 17 + file formats 1 . compuserve classifieds : send your marketing letter to everyone who is = running a classified ad . i ' ll teach you how to download all the = classifieds from any single ad category . this is one of the most = responsive list of buyers . they check their email every day and they ' re = already in business . 2 . america on - line classifieds : download 1 , 000 addresses in 15 minutes . = these are excellent lists for business to business sales . 3 . compuserve forums : you can join a forum and download hundreds of = forum messages in a matter of minutes . 4 . america on - line forums : choose from dozens of forums . all good = targeted lists . 5 . prodigy forums : prodigy allows you to easily export any group of = forum messages . more targeted lists . 6 . internet newsgroups : these are all targeted lists . you ' ll be able to = send your marketing letter to everyone who posts a message in any = newsgroup . easily collect 1 , 000 's of addresses per hour . 7 . america on - line member directory : most member directories only allow = you to search by city and state . with aol , you can search by business = type , hobbies , computer type , etc . this is the gem of all member directories . build huge targeted lists . 8 . compuserve member directory : this is a major resource . if you ' re = willing to target your mailing to a single city , you can collect about = 1 , 000 email addresses an hour . 9 . delphi member directory : the delphi member directory allows you to = search for people based on key words . these are good targeted mailing = lists . a single search can easily generate 5 , 000 addresses . 10 . genie member directory : similar to the compuserve member directory , = only you can download names much quicker . you can easily pull hundreds = of thousands of addresses out of each of these member directories . 11 . compuserve file cabinet : if you run classified ads , and save the = responses in the cim file cabinet , you ' ll be able to easily reuse these = addresses . you can send your marketing letter to everyone in any single = folder . build master lists and clean up your hard drive . 12 . free form : if you have a text file with email addresses that = floodgate does not support , chances are the free form filter will be = just what you need . just enter a key word to search for . 13 . compuserve form profiles ( forum membership directories ) : easy to = build targeted lists here . each search can easily bring you 500 + addresses . 14 . genie profiles : if you ' re building targeted lists , you ' ll get a lot = of addresses very quickly from genie . 15 . plain addresses : read floodgate master files back into floodgate to = merge files and do selective mailings . also useful for the management of = email address lists that you might purchase . floodgate also has filters to allow you to include or exclude any groups = of addresses in your final distribution lists . for example , you could = include only email addresses that ended in . com or exclude all with = . gov . you could exclude all noc , root , and other addresses that almost = guarantee a negative response . these filters are fully configurable and = can be used together . build reusable master files floodgate maintains master files for each of your marketing letters . if = you download from the same place on a regular basis , you only want to = send your letter to the new people . floodgate will compare the new = addresses with those in the master file , and prepare a mailing list of = only new people . the new addresses are , of course , then added to the = master file . with each new mailing your master file grows and grows . you may create as many master lists as you need . when you start a new = marketing campaign , you ' ll want to send your new letter to everyone on = your master list . if you write a newsletter , each time you send your = newsletter , you ' ll send it to everyone on a master list . the remove list very often , people will reply and tell you to take them off your mailing = list . place these addresses in the remove . mst file and they will never = receive another letter from you again . in this way , you will be = operating your business with the most professionalism possible . don ' t be fooled we have some new competitors that have tried to copy floodgate . the = following list describes why floodgate is better . . . . . . . * * floodgate is a mature , bug free product . not an initial release . * * floodgate comes with over 100 pages of step by step = documentation . * * floodgate is the only one offering a money back guarantee . * * floodgate has more testimonials . = 20 * * filter for filter , floodgate offers more capabilities , way more . = 20 * * floodgate does everything all the others * combined * claim . = 20 * * floodgate is by far the easiest to use . * * there is no * cutting and pasting * with floodgate . = 20 * * we have by far , the best technical support . some quick math floodgate can pay for itself in a few days . it can also cut your = advertising costs down to almost nothing . think of what the competition = will do when they get their floodgate program . do n't be left in the dust = - there are 75 million people out there , just a few keystrokes away . = let 's do the math : - email 50 , 000 sales letters ( takes about 1 - 2 hours ) - let 's say your product will bring you $ 5 profit per sale . - let 's also say you only get a 1 % response ( occasionally higher ) . * that 's 500 orders x $ 5 = 3d $ 2 , 500 profit ! ! now imagine what 500 , 000 = letters would do for your business ! ! what can i market on-line ? you can market anything on-line using direct email , that can be marketed = using conventional postal direct mail marketing . the possibilities are = practically endless . if it sells off-line , you can sell it on-line . easy to install and easy to learn the floodgate email loader requires windows . the supplied manual tells = you where to go , what to do , and how to do it . all you need are basic = computer skills that can be learned with a little practice or help from = our computer savvy technicians . program # 2 : goldrush stealth mass mailer do not get this program confused with other slow speed programs that = call themselves "" stealth "" . this program is the only one in the world = that can send email out at high speeds with one single connection to the = internet . = 20 this is new , cutting edge email technology . first of it 's kind . . the = most powerful bulk email sender in the world . . nothing can even come = close ! = 20 thanks to our top programmer 's , this technology is now available and we = are the only place you can get it from ! = 20 * only "" one "" dial-up or isdn connection needed . = 20 * no more terminated connections . = 20 * no more waiting to send large amounts of email . = 20 * immediate response to your mass mailings . = 20 * you will have all the control and confidence of = 20 sending email the way it should be sent . . . in huge amounts ! = 20 * send your whole list in one day , whether it be 500 , 000 = 20 or 5 million - and just sit back and wait for your = 20 orders to pour in . = 20 * no more downloading undeliverable names . bulk emailer 's dream come true ! ! ! - > > > goldrush stealth mass mailer connect to multiple mail servers ( 20 or more ) , make multiple connections = to a single server or any combination of the two ( all simultaneously ) = with one single dial-up connection . = 20 send multiple simultaneous mailings . . . = 20 view complete details about your mailings . shows each server your = connected to , the status of that connection , how many messages are going = out through that connection , etc . . . we show you all the tricks all the mass e-mailers do n't want you to = know . . . = 20 here are just a few features the goldrush stealth mass mailer offers to = you . . . = 20 * forge the header - message id - isp 's will spin their wheels . = 20 * add 's a bogus authenticated sender to the header . = 20 * add 's a complete bogus received from / received by line with = 20 real time / date stamp and recipient to the header . = 20 * does not require a valid pop account be entered in order to = 20 send your mailings . = 20 * easy to use and operate = 20 * plus much more ! = 20 all this , at speeds of up to 1 , 000 's messages / hour ( 28 . 8k modem ) . = 20 special introductory price . . . = 20 now you can have both the floodgate and = 20 goldrush stealth mass mailer for just $ 499 . 00 ! = 20 update . . . save $ 149 . 05 and order now , be one of the first 100 orders ! = 20 step up to the plate and play with the big boys today and receive the = complete 2 software package for the unbelievably low price of only = $ 349 . 95 ! = 20 ( other bulk email software has sold for as much as $ 2 , 500 and can't even = come close to the cutting edge technology of ease , accuracy and speed = . . . speed . . . speed ! ) = 20 try the goldrush stealth mass mailer & floodgate bulk email loader for = 10 days free . = 20 and receive unlimited technical support for 30 days . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * millions of email addresses millions and millions of email addresses cd with millions of email addresses separated by domain name . all addresses are simple text format one per line . addresses from the following domains : pipleline , msn , mci , juno , delphi , genie , aol , compuserve , internet , . com & . net , millions of them ! not available on diskette or download . want the millions of addresses for $ 100 . 00 ? just buy our floodgate / goldrush software package ( with all the bonuses included ) , and the millions of addresses are yours for just $ 100 . 00 additional . these addresses will be delivered to you in simple text files that any bulk emailing program can use , on cd rom . with this cd , you can begin making money immediately ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * special bonus # 1 : * * * stop losing isp dial up accounts ! = 20 if you order the floodgate / goldrush software within the next 5 days - = when you receive your program , you will also receive : = 20 * complete instructions on "" how to keep your dial up account from = showing up in the header "" , plus everything you will need to get started = doing this . = 20 important notice ! we will initially only be offering 100 copies of the = program for sale , first come / first served basis only . we are doing = this because of the extreme power that these programs offer . * * * special bonus # 2 * * * = 20 when you receive your two programs , you will also receive : over 250 reprint and resell rights reports you can start to market and make money immediately ! ! ! = 20 these hot sellers include : = 20 1 ) how to get a top rating in the search engines = 20 2 ) 70 money making reports = 20 3 ) 75 money making plans & trade secrets and much much more ! ! ! = 20 ( $ 200 retail value - free ! ! ! ) = 20 * * * special bonus # 3 * * * with your two software programs , you will also receive our new "" address = grabber "" utility program that enables you to grab 100 's of thousands of = email addresses from newsgroups in minutes ( $ 100 retail value - free ) . * * * special bonus # 4 * * * receive checks by email , phone or fax machine . with this software program , you can receive payment for your product or service instantly ! ! there is no more waiting for your customers chec to arrive . this software will no doubt , add to your sales , for customers who do n't have credit cards , as well as the impulse buyers . with this software , you can print up your payments as soon as your customer gives you his / her checking information . you will then add the information given , to the proper blank check spaces , then just print and go to the bank ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to get your free demo and "" test drive "" our state-of - the-art software , = 20 fax us your email address ( legibly please ) at : 954-572 - 5837 = 09 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * hurry . . . reserve yours today ! = 20 so , if you are interested in taking advantage of the most powerful bulk = 20 email software in the world and start making money hand over fist . . . . . print out the ez order form below and fax or mail it to our office . if you have any questions do n't hesitate to call us at : 1-954 - 784-0312 system requirements 386 or larger windows 95 or windows 3 . 1 with 8 meg ram extra 5 mb hard drive space floodgate & goldrush can be run on a fast mac with 24 mb ram and = softwindows . notes from satisfied users "" it is everything you said it was . within one week of my first mailing , = i received a record number of orders . all you need to print money is a = decent sales letter . thanks . "" randy albertson , wolverine capital . "" after using floodgate and your utility program all day today , let me = say these are as two of the finest programs i have ever bought in my 52 = years ! your support has been superb . thank you ! "" vernon hale , prime data = systems "" my first day and i just used floodgate and pegasus to send 1 , 469 sales = letters . so far i ' ve got about 25 positive responses . it works great ! ! ! = thanks . "" donald prior "" floodgate is awesome ! . i recently started a new business on-line . i = stripped the addresses of the aol & cis classifieds . i sent out 3 , 497 = email letters and got over 400 people to join my company in 5 days ! = needless to say , it pays for itself . "" david sheeham , ompd "" i was able to use floodgate to extract the names from the internet news = groups . it works perfectly . needless to say , i am very excited about the = use of this new technology . "" mark eberra , inside connections "" this is a great piece of software and an invaluable marketing tool . "" = joe kuhn , the millennium group "" i just thought you 'd like to know that this program is fantastic . after = loading it on my system , i wanted to test it out . in my first hour of = using this , i collected 6 , 092 email addresses ! "" richard kahn , ld = communications "" i just love the floodgate program . it saves me hours and hours of time . = this is the beginning of a wonderful fun time marketing on-line . thank = you so much for writing this program . "" beth o'neill , eudora , ks "" your software is brilliant , and from the technical support i ' ve = received , i can see you have a genuine love and respect of = people . . . floodgate is a divine package . wish i had found it sooner . "" tom = sanders , peoria , il "" i really like the way the floodgate software package works . it is very = easy to use , and really does the trick . it has already saved me an = incredible amount of time and energy . "" john berning , jr . , fairfield , nj "" it 's going great with floodgate ! i like using delphi . i just collected = 50 , 000 + addresses within 20 minutes on-line . "" richard kahn , r&b = associates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - e - z order form : please print out this order form and fill in the blanks . . . . . . please send order form and check or money order , payable to : dave mustachi p . o . box 772261 coral springs , fl 33077-2261 ( 954 ) 784-0312 _ _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to try your cutting-edge software so that i can = advertise my business to thousands of people on-line whenever i like ! i = understand that i have 10 days to trial the software . if i am not fully = delighted , i will cheerfully be refunded the purchase price , no = questions asked ! please rush me the floodgate and goldrush package now ! _ _ _ _ _ _ i am ordering within 72 hours ! that qualifies me to receive the = floodgate and goldrush package at a substantial discount ! i am ordering = both software packages for only $ 349 . 95 . ( save $ 150 off the retail = price . . . . software has sold for as much as $ 2 , 499 . 95 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ i am ordering within 72 hours ! that qualifies me to receive = unlimited technical support for 30 days . _ _ _ _ _ _ i want to receive the package overnight . i ' m including $ 18 . 00 for = shipping charges . _ _ _ _ _ _ i want to receive the package 2nd day . i ' m including $ 10 . 00 = ( includes insurance & return receipt ) for shipping charges . _ _ _ _ _ _ i ' m ordering floodgate / goldrush software and want to order the = millions of email addresses as well . my additional cost is $ 100 . 00 = enclosed . _ _ _ _ _ _ i ' m not ordering your floodgate / goldrush software , but i want to order your millions of email addresses on cd . enclosed is = $ 249 . 00 . _ _ _ _ _ _ i ' m interested in reselling this unique software package , and = earning $ 100 . 00 per sale . i understand you will be the technician for my customers . send = me further information . ( you must purchase this program in order to be a reseller = for the floodgate / goldrush software package ) . ( checks : allow 1 week for bank clearance ) your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your position _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email addresses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * we accept checks , money orders , mastercard , visa , american express . you can either mail your order to = 20 us or fax your order to : 954-572 - 5837 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * today 's date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 visa _ _ _ _ mastercard _ _ _ _ american express _ _ _ _ discover _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 card # : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 billing address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 amount to be charged : $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i agree to pay dave mustachi an additional $ 29 fee if my check is = returned for insufficient or uncollectable funds . signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please send all order forms and check or money order to payable to : dave mustachi p . o . box 772261 coral springs , fl 33077 ( 954 ) 784-0312 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * or : please paste your check here ( if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check = by mail . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from = your original check that you faxed to us ) please fax the above order form and check to : 1-954 - 572 -
",1
256,"Subject: prodigious nfl picks
 
 hello sportsfans ! ! ! ! if you are an avid sportsfan like myself , = then i = 20 know you will enjoy this ad . who are we ? we are prodigious picks and associates . what are we ? we are one of the best sports handicapping systems in the country . our predictions are decided by a consensus = 20 analysis system that takes the predictions of seven of the best handicappers in the country ! ! ! ! if you are one of the thousands = 20 of callers that has phoned us in the past weeks , we know that we have = 20 already proven ourselves to you . if you have not had a chance to give = 20 us a call yet , we want to inform you that we went 19 - 6 by the line in = the past two weeks . that is 76 percent ! ! ! this includes winning 10 of 12 big = picks and going 6 - 2 in the nfl playoffs . for this reason , we feel extremely = confident that we have the two winning picks for sunday 's championship games that features denver at pittsburgh and green bay at san francisco . = 20 we are so sure of our predictions that we are calling them the two = biggest picks of the year ! ! ! do n't lose your money trying to pick the games = 20 yourself or by even calling some other handicapper whose price per call = is = 20 much more expensive than ours . let us do the work and you get the = money ! = 20 so give us a call after friday and we will deliver ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! = 20 1-900 - 773-9777 only $ 10 per call = 20 must be 18 or older p . s . after you win 1000s on sunday , give us a call on monday for our winning basketball picks . we will also have the winning super bowl pick after january 22 . = 20 = 20 = 20
",1
257,"Subject: a personal message . . . . .
 
 we placed an ad in one small area of the internet . and when the dust started to settle we had over six thousand responses in ten days . ( success concepts ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - for immediate release : denver , november 25 , 1997 colorado marketing firm shares money generating trade secrets on the internet ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hello , my name is shannon johnson . i am ceo of success concepts in fort collins colorado . i have to tell you that i am really angry and = upset about what is going on here on the internet . we at success concepts are so angry , in fact , that we decided to do something about it . read = on and you ' ll see . for three years i have lead my marketing firm in sales campaigns on the internet and the other large online services which have yielded outstanding results ! we are now sharing the information we have gained over the last several years with other people who are desperately trying to figure out how to make a substantial income from their home computers . do you know what it 's like to turn your computer on in the morning to find an email box full of orders for your product . . . . . where it takes = over an hour to sift through just the credit card orders alone ? we do ! do you know what it 's like to have the postman bring you a bag full of orders for products you have marketed on the internet , and then hear him complain about all the mail you get ? we do ! do you know what it 's like to place a simple ad into a newsgoup or classified section on the internet and have your order department 's phone ring off the hook with people who want to buy your product . we do ! have you ever placed just one advertisement on the ineternet and when the dust settled ten days later had over 6 , 000 responses by phone , fax , mail , and email ? well . . . . we did in january of this year ! have you ever tried to market something simple on the internet , only to have weeks or months of toil and effort result in only a few sales , if any ? well . . . . that 's happened to us too . but not since we learned the = secrets ! ! ! you see , we found the "" secrets "" to marketing just about anything on the internet . and it is really quite simple , once you know them . imagine this . you decide to make a second , or even a primary income from the internet . so , you put up a web site , get a mess of email follow-up letters ready , put your web site in several hundred search engines ( people gotta find your page . . . right ) , get in the news - groups and advertise your site , and drop hundreds of classified ads all over the net . there ya go . . . . . now you are going to rake in the = cash ! two weeks later you have one sale and you are telling your spouse and your friends that "" this will take time ! "" four months later you ' ve made just enough to pay for your web space and your friends do n't listen to you anymore . they consider you an "" internet marketer wanna be "" . sound familiar ! we are not trying to rub salt in your wounds . what we are trying to do is let you in on the truth about doing business from your home on the internet . let 's face it . the vast majority of people who are trying to earn a living on the internet are starving ! ! ! that 's right ! they do n't have a clue of what to do first , second , third or fourth ! = and even if they do have a clue they have been lead down the garden path with dreams and silly techniques which do n't work and are breaking the hearts of thousands of people who are just trying to make a living from their home computers . that is what we are so upset about at success concepts ! but , it does n't have to be that way ! people do n't have to really fail = at making a good income on the internet . and it really does n't have to take months or even years to learn how to do it . not if you have the right guide to show you what to do , and when to do it . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) is the name of our informative guide to generating orders , money , cash , on the net . it was written with the "" average "" netrepreneur in mind , in plain english , with straight to the point "" how to "" and "" why do you do "" phraseology . in . . . . . . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) we expose all the traps we fell into in our first year of internet = marketing , but stay away from now . we expose the lies and half truths which people have fallen for in the past . we expose the secrets which most of the successful internet marketers really don ' t want you to know ! because , when you know the secrets you will be off and running in . . . that 's right . . . . . . their backyard . . . . the cyberspace marketplace ! there is room for a lot more of us ! there are millions of people on the internet . and there are millions of more people on the way here . the pie which will be cut up is so huge that several hundred more people who know what they are doing will not even make a dent in our income level . it will just be a drop in the bucket so to speak . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) will expose the ineternet for what it really is , the marketplace which can provide you with a steady income . it will literally show you what to do first , second , third , fourth , and so on . you are about to discover exactly what makes the difference between the "" internet success stories , "" and the obscure "" web marketing = failures . "" this guide will give you all the details , the tools , the ideas , and the resources to help you make all of your internet dreams come true . . . finally , the truth is revealed ! find out the secrets that some of the wealthiest internet marketers are using to propel their sales through = the cyberspace roof . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) will show you : * * how to use newsgroups to your advantage . the tricks ! just placing a few ads just won't do it for you ! * * how to use a sig file to get more orders . they look simple , but if you write your sig correctly it can be a gold mine to you . we generate thousands just from our sigs ! * * how to place your web page at the top of the search engines . if you do n't get close to the top you can forget many hits ! * * how to maximize your web sales using a professional looking web page ( that you can build all by yourself ) . * * all about follow-ups and how to do them using email . a very simple technique which can mean rapidly increasing volume to you . this technique is used by some of the top internet marketers . * * how to effectively build mailing lists on the internet . without lists your business will probably perish ! * * special coding techniques which can make your marketing efforts amaze even the most die hard skeptics * * where and how to place thousands of free classified ads . what to say in them , and what to expect when you place them . * * what products you should or should n't market for quick results * * how to use testimonials . . . * * the importance of tracking your marketing results . * * the importance of a "" back-end "" . * * a step by step guide to get you started immediately ! * * and much , much more . . . here is what some people who turned their internet marketing results from failure to success have to say about "" the guide "" : i thought all i had to do was place some classified ads on the net for my flame retarding spray . every night after work i would place a few ads and answer some questions in email . i never made much money at all . then i read the guide and everything turned around ! i ' m looking at leaving my job now . and their newsletter keeps me up to date with all the new things i need to know to keep on track with my business . bill j . st . louis , mo i started internet marketing in the chat rooms on aol . what a joke that was ! nobody ever told me it would take so long to make any money that way . then i read the ' the guide . "" the chat rooms , internet newsgroups , web sites , and email all make me money now . and it was n't all that hard either . i just did n't know the secrets before . but i do now ! ! ! the internet is huge , and i ' ve just started getting my share ! ann w . houston , tx the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) is usually only offered to our marketing clients . with all the garbage we have seen on the internet in the past few months we have decided to offer "" the guide "" to everyone reading this advertisement . our = clients have paid $ 99 . 95 for "" the guide "" and have felt that it was a real = bargain for that price . "" the guide "" has now gone into it second edition and we feel that we should open it up to just about anyone 's financial = budget . at least for a limited time . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) is being offered to you , for a limited time , for only $ 24 . 95 ! ! ! that 's correct ! that 's a full $ 75 off the regular price . once 200 more or so orders have been placed at this price we will take "" the guide "" off of the sale counter and move the price back to $ 99 . 95 . but , why offer this for such a deep discount ? it 's simple . success concepts feels that the time is right for this information to become more = available on the net . but we are n't marketing fools either . the guide holds a copyright , and will only be offered at this very deeply discounted price for a very limited time . ( there is some joker on the net who is trying to sell less information without our two bonus offers to follow for $ 395 . 00 . that is = ridiculous ! ! ! ) first bonus offer : if you order within the next 3 days we will include : * * bulk email secrets . . . this information could save you = 20 hundreds of dollars in mailing costs , and more importantly it could keep you from losing your isp . you ' ll get the details on how to : - - use bulk email to explode your profits - - prevent losing your dialup account - - find the right product ( s ) to market by bulk email . - - find the correct software to use . you will also learn : - - where to find reliable bulk email servers . - - where to purchase the very best email software on the market today . - - and much , much more . plus ! ! ! * * free access to our private download site . here you will find hundreds of free informative reports to use or sell on the internet . you will find helpful programs that we use to make our marketing efforts more effective . you will also find 25 , 000 email names , free for you to download to help you get started . these are fresh names that you can use to market your business . these names are changed weekly and you can download as often as you like . once again all of this is yours for only $ 24 . 95 , plus $ 5 . 00 s&h . . . . so order now ! second bonus offer : not many people want to do this internet marketing thing alone . now you won't have to . those who order "" the guide "" by november 30 will be placed on our very select "" the guide electronic newsletter "" where you will receive the latest tricks and "" how tos "" in internet marketing . tricks which the big boys find out about first . now you = will be right in line to find them out quickly , so you can capture the = market . * * * our better than risk-free guarantee ! ! ! * * * order the book today and receive the two bonuses absolutely free . . . read over the book , follow the step by step guide , = 20 contact the resources listed , and if for any reason you are = 20 not fully satisfied with the book you can return it within 30 days for a full refund , and you get to keep the bulk email report , and email names from the free download site . = 20 it 's easy to do , so order today and take advantage of this better than risk-free offer before "" the guide "" is moved back to the regular price . for a 3 minute recorded audio presentation call : 1-800 - 942-9304 ext . 20340 so order now . . . we will accept your order in three different ways : phone , email , or postal mail phone : call our order line toll free : 1-619 - 561-2731 ext . 127 9 : 00am to 9 : 00pm pacific time ( this is an order line only . they will take credit cards and checks on this line . ) or email : complete the following form ( credit card orders ) and email to : dkg @ daltek . net make sure that your subject heading is "" dreams order "" or postal mail : print out the following form and mail to : success concepts dept . 1010 - c po box 272476 ft . collins , co 80527 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cut here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ yes , i am tired of broken dreams . . . i am ordering "" the guide "" well within the allotted time period and would like both the bulk email = report and the private download site bonuses . plus i want to be placed on your very select mailing list for "" the guide electronic = newsletter "" . . . . . all for only $ 24 . 95 + $ 5 s&h . _ _ i did not order within 3 days but would still like to take advantage = of your the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) for only $ 24 . 95 + $ 5 s&h and be placed on your very select mailing list for "" the guide electronic newsletter "" - - - - [ [ [ do not remove this code - - > ( ep-27 ) ] ] ] name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip \ country code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please circle mode of payment . check money order credit card if paying by credit card please circle type of card . visa m / c am ex discover credit card # : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp date : _ _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total amount included : $ 29 . 95 add $ 15 for overnight delivery . add $ 5 for canadian orders . add $ 10 for internation orders . make checks payable to : success concepts . send to : success concepts dept . 1010 - c po box 272476 ft . collins , co 80527 code : ep-27 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cut here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - success concepts trying does n't always work on the net . find out why "" the guide "" works . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / our research indicates this information may be of interest to you , if = you have been sent this message in error or you wish to be removed from this = advertiser 's future = 20 mailings , please reply with the subject "" remove "" and this software will = automatically = 20 block you from their future mailings . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / /
",1
258,"Subject: prosperous home business
 
 to be removed , reply with "" remove "" in the subject . and register your name with the antispam . org list . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please take time to save the following announcement and make a special note of it : hi , i ' m jay phillips , originator of the money maker 's manual program . it is legal . it is fun . it is not mlm . . . so i can only make this offer available for a limited time . home business has been the financial solution for 1000 's across america . yours can be wildly successful with as little as 5 hrs / week ! why not get your share ? order the new money maker 's manual program now ! inside , you ' ll find over 20 ways you can make money at home and you ' ll get great business tips too . pay off holiday bills ! pay off all bills ! order by 1 / 30 / 98 , and you ' ll not only get the manual but you can also take advantage of an exclusive limited offer that can help you make upwards of $ 1 , 000 in as little as 15 days ! it truly sets this program apart from all others . no hidden costs . no mlm . no kidding ! simply send a money order or check for $ 29 . 95 + $ 4 s&h to : success wayze 90 flock rd . university plaza suite 318 mercerville nj 08619 no , you have n't seen this one before . this is our first time offering this manual to the public . right now , it 's truly "" ground floor "" . if you want a quick , easy , "" lazy "" way to make money , then this is n't for you . if you do n't mind doing a little work , then order now ! since the regular price is $ 39 . 95 , we believe it will be a big seller at this reduced price . reserve your copy today ! us funds only . thank you very much for your time . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * m&a advertising rates * * 5 lines to 500 , 000 people 2 times , only $ 50 . 00 reg . special price - - - > $ 45 . 00 40 line full page ad , ( by itself ) to 500 , 000 once , only $ 249 . 00 reg . special price - - - > $ 229 . 00 - - - - - ordering instructions - - - - - email us : macsvc @ bigfoot . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ m & a computer services , or any subsidiary thereof , accept no responsibility whatsoever for the content or legality of any advertisement that appears in any mailing . it is the advertisers responsibility to check with local , state , and federal laws pertaining to the product or service they advertise .
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259,"Subject: free live sexxx ! ! ! !
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * attention video sex lovers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * never pay for video sex ever again . brand new totally free live video = sex website . come check out our unlimited live video sex channels ! http : / / 205 . 147 . 208 . 153 / hibaby . htm not forgetting our xxx rated chatroom , photo galleries , and so much = more !
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260,"Subject: re : a real life saver ! !
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * you ' re probably just like i was . i usually did n't read unsolicated e - mail but i am sure glad i read = this one ! ! don "" t let this be the most expensive mistake of you life ! ! read on ! ! ! you ' ll be greatful you did ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * hello ! my name is karen liddell ; i ' m a 35 - year-old mom , wife , and part-time = accountant . as a rule , i delete all = 20 unsolicited "" junk "" e-mail and use my account primarily for business . i = received what i assumed was this = 20 same e-mail countless times and deleted it each time . about two months = ago i received it again and , = 20 because of the catchy subject line , i finally read it . afterwards , i = thought , "" ok , i give in , i ' m going to try = 20 this . i can certainly afford to invest $ 20 and , on the other hand , = there 's nothing wrong with creating a = 20 little excess cash . "" i promptly mailed four $ 5 bills and , after = receiving the reports , paid a friend of mine a = 20 small fee to send out some e-mail advertisements for me . after reading = the reports , i also learned how = 20 easy it is to bulk e-mail for free ! = 20 i was not prepared for the results . everyday for the last six weeks , my = p . o . box has been overflowing with = 20 $ 5 bills ; many days the excess fills up an extra mail bin and i ' ve had = to upgrade to the corporate-size box ! = 20 i am stunned by all the money that keeps rolling in ! my husband and i have been saving for several years to make a = substantial downpayment on a house . = 20 now , not only are we purchasing a house with 40 % down , we ' re going to = venice , italy to celebrate ! i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be = prepared to eventually set aside about an = 20 hour each day to follow up ( and count your money ! ) , you will make at = least as much money as we did . = 20 you do n't need to be a wiz at the computer , but i ' ll bet you already = are . if you can open an envelope , = 20 remove the money , and send an mail , then you ' re on your way to the bank . = take the time to read this so = 20 you ' ll understand how easy it is . if i can do this , so can you ! = 20 go for it now ! ! = karen liddell the following is a copy of the e-mail i read along with comments from = people who have tried it : $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the = rule of not trying to place = 20 your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot = of potential income . i ' m living proof = 20 that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy = money , with little cost to you . if you = 20 do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on = your way to financial security . = 20 sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a cost = accountant with a major u . s . = 20 corporation and i make pretty good money . when i received the program i = grumbled to doris about = 20 receiving "" junk mail . "" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my = knowledge of the population and = 20 percentages involved . i "" knew "" it would n't work . doris totally ignored = my supposed intelligence and = 20 jumped in with both feet . i made merciless fun of her , and was ready to = lay the old "" i told you so "" on her = 20 when the thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two = weeks she had received over 50 = 20 responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i = was shocked ! i was sure that i = 20 had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i = have joined doris in her "" hobby . "" i = 20 did have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the "" rat = race "" and it 's not for me . we owe it all = 20 to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md i just want to pass along my best wishes and encouragement to you . any = doubts you have will vanish = 20 when your first orders come in . i even checked with the u . s . post office = to verify that the plan was legal . = 20 it definitely is ! it works ! ! ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is = honest , lawful , extremely profitable , = 20 and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was = approached several times before i = 20 checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return = for the minimal effort and money = 20 required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 = weeks , with money still coming in . = 20 sincerely yours , = 20 phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind = to participate in this plan . but = 20 conservative that i am , i decided that the initial investment was so = little that there was just no way that i = 20 would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i = surprised when i found my medium - size post office box crammed with orders ! for awhile , it got so = overloaded that i had to start picking up = 20 my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years = of my life before . the nice thing = 20 about this deal is that it does n't matter where in the u . s . the people = live . there simply is n't a better = 20 investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i wondered = if i should n't have given it a try . of = 20 course , i had no idea who to contact to get another copy , so i had to = wait until i was e-mailed another = 20 program . . . 11 months passed then it came . . . i did n't delete this one ! . . . i = made more than $ 41 , 000 on the first = 20 try ! ! d . wilburn , muncie , in this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our = jobs , and will soon buy a home on the = 20 beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that = this plan will work for you is if = 20 you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this = golden opportunity . good luck and = 20 happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa this program had been deleted from my e-mail a couple of times . one day = i decided to finally give it a try . = 20 i owed over $ 35 , 000 on bills and had bill collectors harrasing me daily . = i was not making enough money = 20 working at my job , and i was considering bankruptcy . within 90 days i = had paid off all my bills and was = 20 able to quit my 9 to 5 job . now i have time to enjoy life and do and buy = whatever i want . i even had = 20 enough money left over to buy a brand new car . all in one try ! ! this is = great ! ! you have to try = 20 it , you can ' t loose for only a $ 20 investment ! ! ! it really works ! ! ! = 09 carl espin , port richey , fl $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then read it again ! ! ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you = may ever see . many times over , = 20 it has demonstrated and proven its ability to generate large amounts of = cash . this program is showing = 20 fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population = desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not = require you to come in contact with = 20 people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the = house , except to get the mail and go = 20 to the bank ! = 20 this truly is that lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow = the easy instructions in this letter , = 20 and your financial dreams will come true ! when followed correctly , = multi-level marketing program works = 20 perfectly . . . 100 % every time ! = 20 thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts = 20 - buy homes , cars , etc . = 20 - even retire ! = 20 this is your chance , so do n't pass it up ! = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary = 20 electronic multi-level marketing program = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - what we do is quite simple : we sell a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to nothing to reproduce . as = with all multi-level businesses , we = 20 build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . = every state in the u . s . allows you = 20 to recruit new multi - level business online ( via your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial = reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . when = 20 you purchase the reports , you are granted permission to copy and sell = them . each order you receive via = 20 "" snail mail "" will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * their e-mail address ( optional ) * a stamped , self-adressed envelope for you to send them the requested = report to fill each order , you simply enclose the requested report in the = stamped self-addressed envelope you = 20 receive with each order , and mail the product to the buyer . = 20 that ' s it ! the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest electronic = multi-level marketing business = 20 anywhere ! = 20 follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to receive the = 20 staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if = you do n't order them ) * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the = report you are ordering , a stamped , self-addressed envelope , and your e-mail address ( optional ) to the person whose name appears = on the = 20 list next to the report . = 20 * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four = reports . you = 20 will need all four reports so that you can save them and resell = them . * within a few days you will receive , via mail , each of the four = reports . save them so they will be accessible for you to send to the 1 , 000 's = of people = 20 who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next = to each = 20 report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is = instructed below in = 20 steps "" a "" through "" d "" or you will lose out on the majority of your = profits . once you understand the way this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't = work if you = 20 change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter = it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , replace the name and = address under = 20 report # 1 with your name and address , moving the one that was = there down to report # 2 . = 20 c . move the name and address that was under report # 2 down to = report # 3 . = 20 d . move the name and address that was under report # 3 down to = report # 4 . = 20 e . the name and address that was under report # 4 is removed from = the list and has no doubt collected their 50 grand * * * * * please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address = accurately ! ! ! * * * * * 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and = save it to your = 20 computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this = letter . = 20 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the worldwide = web ! = 20 advertising on the web is very , very inexpensive , and there are = hundreds of = 20 free places to advertise . another avenue which you could use for = advertising is e-mail lists . you can buy these lists for under $ 20 / 2 , 000 = addresses or you can pay someone a minimal charge to take care of it for you . be sure to = start = 20 your ad campaign immediately ! 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is mail them the report = they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all = 20 orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with = your = 20 name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise = until they receive the report ! = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - reports = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * order each report by number and = name * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report = 20 - always send your order via first class mail = 20 - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets = of paper ( or place it into the sase ) = 20 - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of = the report you are ordering , and ( b ) your e-mail address . - on the self addressed stamped envelope remember to put your postal = address . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 "" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales "" = 20 order report # 1 from : = 20 atp marketing group p . o . box 821438 south florida , fl , 33082-1438 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 "" major corporations and multi-level sales "" = 20 order report # 2 from : sun angel investing po box 311 chaska , mn 55318 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 "" sources for the best mailing lists "" order report # 3 from : ps investments po box 21 carver , mn 55315 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 "" evaluating multi-level sales plans "" order report # 4 from : djs investments 601 pamela dr . clarks summit pa 18411 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ $ money $ $ = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . = assume your goal is to get 10 people to = 20 participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the = internet will easily get a larger = 20 response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only = 10 downline = 20 members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals = - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only = recruit 10 people each . think for a = 20 moment what would happen if they got 20 people to participate ! most = people get 100 's of participants ! = 20 think about it ! your cost to participate in this is practically nothing = ( surely you can afford $ 20 ) . = 20 you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! = report # 3 shows you the most = 20 productive methods for bulk e-mailing and purchasing e-mail lists . some = list & bulk e-mail vendors even = 20 work on trade ! about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow = the = 20 directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when the = orders start coming in , because when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send = out = 20 the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & = lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the = u . s . code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which state = that = 20 "" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . "" = 20 * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the = instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two = weeks , continue advertising until you do . = 20 then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for = report # 2 . if you = 20 do n't , continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or = more orders for report # 2 , you = 20 can relax , because the = 20 system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll = in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front = of a different report . you = 20 can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are = ordering from you . if you = 20 want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mails and start = the whole process again ! there is = 20 no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! note : if you need help with starting a business , registering a business = name , how income tax is = 20 handled , etc . , contact your local office of the small business = administration ( a federal agency ) for free = 20 help and answers to questions . also , the internal revenue service offers = free help via telephone and free = 20 seminars about business taxes . you become successful the moment you start moving toward a worthwhile = 20 goal . . . . . . do it now ! ! ! ! ! order your reports today and get started on your road to financial = 20 freedom ! !
",1
261,"Subject: idea
 
 it is finally here ! ! ! stealth power mail has just been released ! ! ! commercial e - mail just got better ! ! ! introducting the fastest , most affordable user friendly targeted email = prgram . if you are doing business on the internet , the one tool you = do n't want to be without is stealth power mail . this hot new program has it all ! * ultra send , for faster delivery of your message . * enter over 15 smtp 's for speeds as high as 350 , 000 per hour . * aol stealth * alias header masking * randomization of the from address : field * personalize your email . ex hello bob ! * the to : field has a drop down window for easy viewing * shows date and time of mailing * has a bad send file = 20 * has a built in receive and reply ( like and autoresponder ) would you be interested in . . . sending out a free commercial email advertisement for you business or = webpage to over 250 , 000 people per day ? receiving 35 , 000 , 000 email addresses which can be used in your commercial emailings , free of charge ? you may shudder at the thought of commercial email . . . but the simple = truth is . . . commercial email works ! if it did not work , then you wouldn ' t be reading this your competition is sending out electronic email advertisement to over = 50 , 000 , 000 people on the internet ! why are n't you ? thousands of companies are sending out commercial email to dramatically = increase their profits and so should you ! even fortune 500 companies = send out electronic email to millions of people ! with stealth power mail you are reaching 250 , 000 people every day = 20 for free . your business will dramatically improve ! we can show you the way ! stealth power mail will do the rest . for more information email = 20 dwt45 @ hotmail . com or call us directly at 1-216 - 732-3263 u . s . = 20 big money for interested resellers ! ! ! to be removed from our list , email antispam @ mailexite . com = 20
",1
262,"Subject: family name history
 
 discover your family history come visit our website at , http : / / www . traceit . com free search do you know who your ancestors are and what they did ? do you know when your surname first appeared ? are you curious about where your family roots originate ? now you can fill in the missing pieces of this puzzle . join the satisfied multitudes who have discovered their complete family surname history . all nationalities . it 's easy . just key your last name into our online index , and in seconds we will tell you it 's origin and much more . see if we ' ve researched your complete family name history during our 25 years of professional research . read a sample history , plus - free coat of arms keychain with your family 's most ancient coat of arms & crest . all in full color . your family name history parchment is 11x 17 "" , approximately 1700 words . it is beautifully illuminated by your most ancient coat of arms in full authentic heraldic colors . over 500 urls on family and heraldic history . please come visit our website at , http : / / www . traceit . com free search hall of names international inc . 1-888 - my - roots
",1
263,"Subject: re :
 
 = 20 the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial = intelligence = 20 programs for your ibm pc or compatible and also for macintosh . you = 20 can watch them , talk to them , ask them questions , tell them secrets , and = relate with them . watch them as you ask them to take off different = clothes and guide them through many different activities . watch and participate = in the hottest sexual activities available on computer , including : several sexual positions , using many unique toys , even bringing in multiple = partners . this is no doubt one of the most realistic , sexually stimulating = computer games available . they will remember your name , birthday , your likes and = your dislikes . every time you start the program , they say different things , = and act differently . each time , they have a different personality . with the = vga digital graphics , the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend software = have some of the hottest , sexiest graphics out there . and with a = soundblaster or compatible card , you can actually hear their voice as they talk to you . = this is the first adult software title that was designed for both = heterosexual and homosexual people . i would like you to try the actual full copy out = before it is put on the market . it will be sold for 1 / 5 of the actual price = ( $ 10 . 00 ) until i can get back some information on what people think of the = program . = 20 please give it a try and write back any comments . thank you . if you are interested and would like to order a copy , then you can = read the mailing instructions below . it comes in an unmarked package and is = sent out at most 4 days after the order is received . you are not put on any mailing lists whatsoever , guaranteed . it will run on any 386 , 486 or = higher , = 20 and 100 % ibm compatibles . required is vga graphics , and a hard drive . = 20 the sound card is optional . macintosh requires at least 4 meg of ram . = 20 virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence programs , meaning they are completely interactive . it would be just like = if you were talking to someone . you can actually have simple = conversations . = 20 their attitudes change with the different things you say , so you can say things that will upset them , and then say things that will please them . = the more you play / talk with them , the more you learn what they can do , and = what = 20 they like to do . it really is a blast . with all these movies coming out about virtual reality , it 's amazing to actually have a virtual reality program like this for your own computer . it 's easy to install , and instructions are easy to follow . = 20 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ special software offer ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this is to inform you about the new adult game that vcs magazine rated "" the best game of "" 97 "" . "" the search for paradise is no doubt one = 20 of the greatest xxx adult games available "" . the first games where it is as much fun as it is a turn on ! travel the world to every continent , = every country you can think of , and meet some of the most beautiful women in existence . these women will treat you like a king and obey your every command . any sexual wish you can think of , these women know it all . = 20 there is a different paradise for every guy out there , and this game = will have them all . this game uses real models , digital video , and digital = sound to make it as realistic as possible . you will feel like you ' re in the = same room as the girl you ' re talking to ! ! ! as an added bonus you ' ll receive "" club celebrity x "" meet , talk to and even have your way with the celebrities of your = choice . imagine being in a club with some very beautiful , well known , = actual celebrities ! you have seen these girls on t . v . , magazines and = billboard ads . now they are on your computer begging for action . this game is hot = and once you start playing , you won't be able to stop ! ! ! ~ required : 386 or better , 4 meg ram or better , windows 3 . 1 or higher = ( win95 is fine ) , sound card is optional , rom is optional . ( game is given = either cd - rom or compressed 3 . 5 "" diskettes ) . ~ ~ $ 19 . 95 ! order now and get everything for just = $ 24 . 95 ! ! ! ! = 20 at your request , the programs can come with a password protection = utility that only allows the program to run when the correct password is = entered . = 20 = 20 ( you must be 18 or over to purchase ) please fill out the following form and mail it to the address above . = 20 ( feel free to write out the order form by hand ) = 20 send to : mark wrhel p . o . box 0118 tujunga , ca . 91043 = 20 = 20 your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do you have an ibm ( ) or mac ( ) ? cd rom ( ) or disks ( ) ? ( ) virtual girdfriend or ( ) boyfriend for $ 10 . 00 ( ) * both just = $ 15 . 95 ( ) the search for paradise and club celebrity x for $ 19 . 95 ( ) everything ! ! ! the search for paradise , club celebrity x , virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend . = 20 > > > > all for just $ 24 . 95 = 20
",1
264,"Subject: home business : $ 10 k / mth : no selling : no mlm ! !
 
 = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d this is a one time mailing . there is no need to hit reply or seek to be = removed from a list . thank you . . . = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d are you afraid of success ? let me scare you to death ! hello entrepreneur ! my name is dave starkey , question - what if . . . = 20 you could earn . . . an immediate , substantial $ 5 , 000 - $ 10 , 000 + = 20 monthly income . . . in as little as 45-90 days - - and all it required was = a = 20 telephone ? what if i could show you how to generate a six figure income in just = 20 several months ? i ' m not talking about the elusive dream of residual income in network = 20 marketing . this is not mlm ! not a chain letter or other online scam ! = 20 i ' m truly earning much more every week than i ever before earned = 20 monthly chasing success in other programs ! i made $ 20 , 000 in my first month ! i ' ll teach you how ! ! ! what is it that i and so many others are doing ? = 3d = 3d > call now to find out : 1-800 - 322-6169 ext . 9508 = 20 seriously , if i can do this , anyone can . what if you do even better than i am ? best of success to you , and thanks for your time . sincerely , dave starkey
",1
265,"Subject: re : your free web site
 
 this is a "" one-time message "" you were randomly selected to receive = this . = 20 you will be automatically deleted from this mailing list . only replies = will be kept . there is no need to reply to remove , you will receive no = further mailings from us . new improved with free internet software ! free bulk e mail system , = two free web sites to use as you wish ! one of your free web sites is in = this letter ! , ongoing support ( optional ) , and a lot , lot more ! all = included ! , this , all when you order all four reports . that 's worth $ 20 = dollars alone ! plus act now and you will recived via e mail from 50 , 000 = to-100 , 000 , 000 ! ! ! free filtered e-ma il addresses ! . all for you ! this is = not a pyramid ! this is not a chain letter , this was not sent through = the post office mail ! there is product , support , news letters and more ! = this is new and revised ! all via e mail ! \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ $ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ = \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ you are about to make at least $ 50 , 000 usd in about 90 days or less ! read the enclosed program . . . then read it again . . . then print it out to = review . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / dear friend , the enclosed information is something i almost let slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . my name is christopher erickson . two years ago , the corporation i worked at for the past twelve years down-sized and my position was eliminated . after unproductive job interviews , i decided to open my own business . over the past year , i incurred many unforeseen financial problems . i owed my family , friends , and creditors over $ 35 , 000 . the economy was taking a toll on my business and i just could n't seem to make ends meet . i had to refinance and borrow against my home to support my family and struggling business . i truly believe it was wrong for me to be in debt like this . at that moment something significant happened in my life and i am writing to share my experience in hopes that this will change your life forever . . . . financially ! ! ! in mid - december , i received this program via email . six months prior to receiving this program i had been sending away for information on various business opportunities . all of the programs i received , in my opinion , were not cost effective . they were either too difficult for me to comprehend or the initial investment was too much for me to risk to see if they worked or not . one claimed i 'd make a million dollars in one year . . . it did n't tell me i 'd have to write a book to make it . but like i was saying , in december of ' 92 i received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off a mailing list . thank goodness for that ! ! ! after reading it several times , to = make sure i was reading it correctly , i could n't believe my eyes . = 20 here was a money-making phenomenon . i could invest as much as i wanted = to start , without putting me further in debt . after i got a pencil and paper and figured it out , i would at least get my money back . after determining that the program is legal and not a chain letter , i decided "" why not "" . initially i sent out 10 , 000 emails . it only cost me about $ 15 . 00 for my time on-line . the great thing about email is that i did n't need any money for printing to send out the program , only the cost to fulfill my orders . i am telling you like it is , i hope it does n't turn you off , but i promised myself that i would not "" rip-off "" anyone , no matter how much money it cost me ! . in less than one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by january 13th , i had received 26 orders for report # 1 . when you read the guarantee in the program , you will see that "" you must receive = 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks . if you don ' t , send out more = programs until you do ! "" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in 90 days was = done . by january 30th , i had received 196 orders for report # 2 . if you = go back to the guarantee , "" you must receive 100 or more orders for report # 2 within two weeks . if not , send out more = programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , = relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goal . "" well , i had 196 orders for = report # 2 , 96 more than i needed . so i sat back and relaxed . by march = 19th , of my emailing of 10 , 000 packets , i received $ 58 , 000 with more = coming in every day . i paid off all my debts and bought a much needed new car . please take time to read the attached program , it will change your life forever ! remember , it wont work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place . it does n't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! report # 2 explains this . = 20 always follow the guarantee , 20 orders for report # 1 , and 100 or more orders for report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or more in about = 90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i ' m sorry . it really is a great opportunity with little cost or risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to financial security . if you are a fellow business owner and you are in financial trouble like i was , or you want to start your own business , consider this a sign . i did ! sincerely , christopher erickson ps do you have any idea what 11 , 700 $ 5 bills ( $ 58 , 000 ) look like piled up on a kitchen table ? it ' s awesome ! "" threw it away "" "" i had received this program before . i threw it away , but later wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to contact to get a copy , so i had to wait until i was emailed another copy of the program . eleven months passed , then it came . i didn ' t throw this one away . i made $ 41 , 000 on the first try . "" dawn w . , evansville , in "" no free lunch "" "" my late father always told me , ' remember , alan , there is no free lunch in life . you get out of life what you put into it . ' through trial and error and a somewhat slow frustrating start , i finally figured it out . the program works very well , i just had to find the right target group of people to email it to . so far this year , i have made over $ 63 , 000 using this program . i know my dad would have been very proud of me . "" alan b . , philadelphia , pa a personal note from the originator of this program by the time you have read the enclosed information and looked over the enclosed program and reports , you should have concluded that such a program , and one that is legal , could not have been created by an amateur . let me tell you a little about myself . i had a profitable business for ten years . then in 1979 my business began falling off . i was doing the same things that were previously successful for me , but it was n't working . finally , i figured it out . it was n't me , it was the economy . inflation and recession had replaced the stable economy that had been with us since 1945 . i do n't have to tell you what happened to the unemployment rate . . . because many of you know from first hand experience . there were more failures and bankruptcies than ever before . the middle class was vanishing . those who knew what they were doing = invested wisely and moved up . those who did not , including those who = never had anything to save or invest , were moving down into the ranks of = the poor . as the saying goes , "" the rich get richer and the poor get = poorer . "" the traditional methods of making money will never allow you = to "" move up "" or "" get rich "" , inflation will see to that . you have just received information that can give you financial freedom for the rest of your life , with "" no risk "" and "" just a little bit of effort . "" you can make more money in the next few months than you have = ever imagined . i should also point out that i will not see a penny of your money , nor anyone else who has provided a testimonial for this program . i have already made over four million dollars ! i have retired from the program after sending out over 16 , 000 programs . now i have several offices which market this and several other programs here in the us and overseas . by the spring , we wish to market the ' internet ' by a partnership with america on line . follow the program exactly as instructed . do not change it in any way . = it works exceedingly well as it is now . remember to email a copy of = this exciting program to everyone that you can think of . one of the people you send this to may send out 50 , 000 . . . and your name will be on every one of them ! . remember though , the more you send out , the = more potential customers you will reach . so my friend , i have given you the ideas , information , materials and opportunity to become financially independent , it is up to you now ! "" think about it "" before you delete this program from your mailbox , as i almost did , take a little time to read it and really think about it . get a pencil and figure out what could happen when you participate . figure out the worst possible response and no matter how you calculate it , you will still make a lot of money ! definitely get back what you invested . = 20 any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . it works ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc here ' s how this amazing program will make you $ $ $ $ $ $ let 's say that you decide to start small , just to see how it goes , and we ' ll assume you and all those involved send out 20 , 000 programs each . let 's also assume that the mailing receives a . 5 % response . using a good list the response could be much better . also many people will send out hundreds of thousands of programs instead of 20 , 000 . but continuing with this example , you send out only 20 , 000 programs . with a . 5 % response , that is only 10 orders for report # 1 . those 10 people respond by sending out 20 , 000 programs each for a total of 200 , 000 . out of those . 5 % , 100 people respond and order report # 2 . those 100 mail out 20 , 000 programs each for a total of 2000 , 000 . the . 5 % response to that is 1 , 000 orders for report # 3 . those 1 , 000 send out 20 , 000 programs each for a 2 , 000 , 000 total . the . 5 % response to that is 10 , 000 orders for report # 4 . that 's 10 , 000 five dollar bills for you . cash ! ! ! ! your total income in this example is $ 50 + $ 500 + $ 5000 + $ 50 , 000 for a total of $ 55 , 550 ! ! ! ! remember friend , this is assuming 1 , 990 out of 2 , 000 people you mail to = will do absolutely nothing . . . and trash this program ! dare to think for = a moment what would happen if everyone or half sent out 100 , 000 programs instead of only 2 , 000 . believe me , many people will do = that and more ! by the way , your cost to participate in this is = practically nothing . you obviously already have an internet connection and email is free ! ! ! report # 3 will show you the best methods for bulk emailing and purchasing email lists . this is a legitimate , now very legal , money making opportunity . it does = not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and = best of all , you never have to leave the house except to get the mail . if you believe that someday you ' ll get that big break that you ' ve been waiting for , this is it ! simply follow the instructions , and your dream will come true . this multi-level email order marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time . email is the sales tool of the future . take advantage of this non-commercialized method of advertising now ! ! the longer you wait , the more people will be doing business using email . get your piece of this action ! ! multi-level marketing ( mlm ) has finally gained respectability . it is = being taught in the harvard business school , and both stanford research and the wall street journal have stated that between 50 % and = 65 % of all goods and services will be sold throughout multi - level methods by the mid to late 1990 's . this is a multi - billion dollar industry and of the 500 , 000 millionaires in the us , 20 % ( 100 , 000 ) made their fortune in the last several years in mlm . moreover , statistics show 45 people become millionaires everyday through multi - level marketing . instructions we at erris mail order marketing business , have a method of raising capital that really works 100 % every time . i am sure that you could use = $ 50 , 000 to $ 125 , 000 in the next 90 days . before you say "" bull "" , please read the program carefully . this is not a chain letter , but a now perfectly legal money making opportunity . basically , this is what we do : as with all multi-level business , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the usa allows you to recruit new multi - level business partners , and we offer a product for every dollar sent . your orders come and are filled through the mail , so you are not = involved in personal selling . you do it privately in your own home , = store or office . this is the greatest multi - level mail order marketing anywhere : step ( 1 ) order all four 4 reports listed by name and number . do this by ordering the report from each of the four 4 names listed on the next page . for each report , send $ 5 cash and a self - addressed , stamped envelope ( business size # 10 ) = 20 to the person listed for the specific report . international = = 20 orders should also include $ 2 extra for postage . it is essential that you specify the name and number of the report requested to the person you are ordering from . you will need all four 4 reports because you will be reprinting and reselling them . do not alter the names or sequence other than what the instructions say . important : always provide same-day service on all orders . step ( 2 ) replace the name and address under report # 1 with yours , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . drop the name and address under report # 2 to report # 3 , moving the one that was there to report # 4 . the name and address that was under report # 4 is dropped from the list and this party is no doubt on the way to the bank . when doing this , make certain you type the names and addresses accurately ! do not mix up moving product / report positions ! ! ! step ( 3 ) having made the required changes in the name list , save it as a text ( . txt ) file in it 's own directory to be used with whatever email program you like . again , report # 3 will tell you the best methods of bulk emailing and acquiring email lists . step ( 4 ) email a copy of the entire program ( all of this is very important ) to everyone whose address you can get your hands on . start with friends and relatives since you can encourage them to take advantage of this fabulous = 20 money-making opportunity . that 's what i did . and they love me now , more than ever . then , email to anyone and everyone ! use your imagination ! you can get email addresses from companies on the internet who specialize in email mailing lists . these are very cheap , 100 , 000 addresses for around $ 35 . 00 . important : you won't get a good response if you use an old list , so always request a fresh , new list . you will find out where to purchase these lists when you order the four 4 reports . always provide same-day service on all orders ! ! ! required reports * * * order each report by number and name * * * always send a self-addressed , stamped envelope and $ 5 usd cash for each order requesting the specific report by name and number ( international orders should also include $ 2 usd extra for postage ) = 20 add your e amil address when sending in for your report this is for = 20 updated information and continueing support ( optional ) that will = 20 be handed down by your sponcers pipeline . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 "" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales "" order report # 1 from : a . siegmund # 57 trakehnenstr . 13 53332 bornheim , germany _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 "" major corporations and multi-level sales "" order report # 2 from : j . maz 15774 s . lagrange rd suite # 312 orland pk , il 60462 usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 "" sources for the best mailing lists "" order report # 3 from : b . thompson 13504 greencaslte ridge tr . 404 burtonsville md . 20866 usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 "" evaluating multi-level sales plans "" order report # 4 from : muw # 2 po box 71442 salt lake city , ut 84171-0442 usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conclusion one of your free web sites can be registered at = http : / / www . freeyellow . com / . i am enjoying my fortune that i made by sending out this program . you too , will be making money in 20 to 90 days , if you follow the simple steps outlined in this mailing . to be financially independent is to be free . free to make financial decisions as never before . go into business , get into investments , retire or take a vacation . = 20 = = = = = = 09 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - headers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - return - path : received : from relay01 . mail . aol . com ( relay01 . mail . aol . com = [ 170 . 31 . 108 . 127 ] ) by air21 . mail . aol . com ( v37 . 0 ) with smtp ; mon , 22 dec = 1997 12 : 34 : 39 - 0500 received : from bonaly . hw . ac . uk ( bonaly . hw . ac . uk [ 130 . 195 . 251 . 5 ] ) by relay01 . mail . aol . com ( 8 . 8 . / 8 . 8 . / aol - 4 . 5 . 0 ) with smtp id maa19336 ; mon , 22 dec 1997 12 : 29 : 50 - 0500 ( est ) date : mon , 22 dec 1997 12 : 29 : 50 - 0500 ( est ) from : ziaza99 @ sh . hit . no received : from 007 ( sdn-ts - 047mdrelrp11 . dialsprint . net ) by = bonaly . hw . ac . uk ( mx v4 . 2 axp ) with smtp ; mon , 22 dec 1997 17 : 29 : 48 + 0000 ( gmt ) to : ziaza99 @ sh . hit . no comments : authenticated sender is subject : freefree web site now message - id : = 09 = = 20 - - = 20
",1
266,"Subject: > > free low rate phone card giveaway . . .
 
 = 20 "" news flash "" * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * "" internet promotions , llc teams up with top player in the phone card = industry "" * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * internet promotions , llc has just signed a major marketing , distributor = 20 contract with "" new media telecom inc . "" . this means all our valued = 20 subscribers , students , vacationers , travelers , business people , etc . . = can = 20 now reap huge savings on long distance calls made from home or away = 20 from home . = 20 to celebrate we would like to give you a free re-chargable telecard . = 20 use it anytime , anywhere in the u . s . pay only 19 cents per minute . phone cards are finding their way into the hands of just about everyone = 20 who needs an easy and inexpensive way to make phone calls . = 20 everybody can now harvest the benefits of owning their own pre - paid = 20 phone card . = 20 * * start saving money on long distance today ! = 20 here 's just a few of the advantages that pre - paid phone cards offer : = 20 * low domestic and international long distance rates . new media telecom = 20 phone card long distance rates are substantially lower than most = payphone , = 20 collect or calling card rates , whether your calling across the street , = or any part of the u . s . the price is "" always "" the same . . . only 19 cents . * the rate is the same no matter what the time of day , or the day of the = week . = 20 * no phone surcharges : toll - free access numbers let you avoid calling = 20 surcharges from hotels and local phone service providers . = 20 * no surprise charges just one low rate 24 - hours a day , seven days a = week . the new media telecom pre-paid telecard delivers the safety and = 20 security that you want for yourself and loved ones . their advanced = 20 communications center ensures that you can stay in touch no matter = 20 where you are trekking through , the middle of the city , or the middle = 20 of nowhere . the average long distance phone call away from home using at&t , sprint , = 20 or mci can cost you between 40 to 90 cents per minute . = 20 now you can make calls anytime , anywhere for one flat fee from "" any "" = touch tone phone . . . + always 19 = a2 / min , 24hrs / day , every day from any touch-tone phone in the = usa , including hawaii and alaska . = 20 + no more hidden access charges . = 20 + no more expensive hotel phone charges . = 20 + no changeover or monthly fees . = 20 + no need to get a new calling card if you get a new phone number . = 20 + no more expensive pay phone calls . = 20 + no credit checks or applications . = 20 + no minimum use / time limits . = 20 * * consider these money saving advantages and conveniences : > you determine the dollar balance of your card ( minimum $ 25 or 131 = 20 minutes ) . use any touch-tone phone and major credit card or send check = 20 or money order . = 20 > rechargeable , so the same card is good forever . = 20 > saves you more money and is easier to use than other cards . = 20 > you are told your card balance each time you make a call . = 20 > when rate decreases , you will automatically receive lower rate . = 20 * * * who can save on long distance and operator assisted calls ? = 20 everyone . . . teenagers , college students , & military personnel . = 20 - no more expensive collect calls . = 20 - roommates . . . no more disputes over long distance bills . = 20 - anyone on vacation or on business trips , great for emergencies when = 20 you can't find change . = 20 - useful and universal gift for all occasions . would you like to receive this card today . . . free ? ? = 20 everyone makes long distance calls . . . so why not save money in the meantime ? = 20 simply click the link below to send us an email to request your free = 20 calling card . type "" free card "" in the "" subject field "" . please include the following information in your email message so = 20 we can mail your card out today ! name address city , state , zip phone request card now . . click here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - headers = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - received : from emi60 . mail . smtp76 ( emin60 . mx . [ 19 . 81 . 19 . 148 ] ) by = 20 air08 . mail . com ( v33 ) with smtp ; 1997 08 : 34 : 37 2000 received : from ( hd12 - 141 . hil . compuserve . com [ 206 . 175 . 203 . 141 by emin60 . mail . m ( 8 . 8 . 5 / 8 . 8 . 5 / aol - 4 . 0 . 0 with smtp id iaa15292 1997 08 : 34 : 08 - 0400 ( edt ) from : 91379499 received : from = 20 mrin86 . mx . by mri86 . mail . ( 8 . 8 . 5 / 8 . 5 ) with smtp id gaa0174 for = 20 ; 1997 06 : 47 : 01 - 0600 ( est ) date : 97 06 : 47 : 01 est to : 43231jpg @ woyw . com = 20 message - id : comments : authenticated sender is received : from emi60 . mail . smtp76 ( emin60 . mx . [ 19 . 81 . 19 . 148 ] ) by = 20 air08 . mail . com ( v33 ) with smtp ; 1997 08 : 34 : 37 2000 received : from ( hd12 - 141 . hil . compuserve . com [ 206 . 175 . 203 . 141 by emin60 . mail . m ( 8 . 8 . 5 / 8 . 8 . 5 / aol - 4 . 0 . 0 with smtp id iaa15292 1997 08 : 34 : 08 - 0400 ( edt ) from : 91379499 received : from = 20 mrin86 . mx . by mri86 . mail . ( 8 . 8 . 5 / 8 . 5 ) with smtp id gaa0174 for = 20 ; 1997 06 : 47 : 01 - 0600 ( est ) date : 97 06 : 47 : 01 est to : 43231jpg @ woyw . com = 20 message - id : comments : authenticated sender is
",1
267,"Subject: free live sex ! ! !
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * attention video sex lovers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * stop paying per minute charges and expensive recurrimg billing for live = video sex . cum check out our totally free website with unlimited live video sex = channels . http : / / www . cum - 2 - me-baby . com / freesex . htm not forgetting our xxx chatrooms , mega photogallery , and so much more for = free ! ! ! !
",1
268,"Subject: re : coupons , savings , wholesale , discounts
 
 please take a few moments and read about our free discount club . = 20 we offer at * no charge * to our subscribers nationally known products at substantial discounts . how substantial , below retail , in some cases at wholesale . there is no fee , charge , or cost to you to receive these discounts and coupons . our sponsors provide this to you , our subscribers , free of charge ! ! = 20 this is not a solicitation of sale ! it is an opportunity to save money on products and services your entire family will enjoy there is no fee or charge to you ; the subscriber ! = 20 what can we offer ? discounts on the following types of goods . = 20 tools , all kinds of tools , lifetime warranty . these goods are from one of the biggest and best known retailers in the country . with locations all across the united states . = 20 coupons , save on everything from oil changes and batteries to tires . = 20 weekend family outing ? discount coupons for theaters , attractions , and amusements . = 20 travel discounts and lodging . planning a trip ? you may receive discounts for cruise lines , auto rentals , a mountaintop or beach resort for the entire family . = 20 save on special and limited edition books , clothing , collectibles . we are currently negotiating with a leading manufacturer of children 's and teen clothing for wholesale pricing = 20 black forest cuckoo clocks , imported from germany , your price 25 % to 40 % less than retail . with a one year warranty ! = 20 computers and or the upgrades you need . how 's this for savings : 40 % off retail for current state of the art equipment . not outdated or phased out goods . = 20 home furnishings ? one of our sponsors is the premier producer of tabletop fountains and giftware . our subscribers receive wholesale pricing . = 20 camping / outdoor equipment : 30 % below retail . nationally known products . everything from sleeping bags to cookstoves and tents . lifetime warranty on all products . = 20 our newsletter will be delivered to you on each occasion we have a savings opportunity for you and your family . you will have the opportunity to save money on great products at discount prices ! all for free , no charge or fee to you the subscriber . = 20 there are no fees to you , the subscriber , all costs are sponsor paid . = 20 how can you take advantage of these savings and discount offers ? = 20 it 's easy ! send e-mail to subscribe we notify you , via e-mail of our best money saving offers , discounts and coupons . = 20 should our invitation and or subsequent offers not be of interest to you , please inform us by responding to : remove = 20 your request will be honored immediately ! = 20 pledge to our subscribers . = 20 1 . we will not make available to any party under any circumstances your reply to address . this information is held in the strictest = 20 of confidence . = 20 2 . all products available to you , the subscriber , are intended for = 20 the household , and your children . = 20 3 . all products will be discounted from retail , either in price or = 20 with a coupon . = 20 the following information request is not mandatory , however if you choose to provide the name of your town and state , ( and we hope you do ) we then have the opportunity to localize our offers by state and town . live in new york ? discount tickets to the theater , the zoo , a money saving coupon for accommodations in the catskills . if we know your location we are able to better serve you , the subscriber . = 20 tell your friends , this is a wonderful opportunity for you and your family to save money . = 20 this subscription request may not be repeated . please join us today . start saving money ! = 20 = 20 our first newsletter is scheduled to be delivered in two weeks . = 20 just in time for christmas shopping . = 20 = 20 = 20 = 20 = 20 = 20 = 20 = 20 = 20
",1
269,"Subject: free enterprise : 6 figures in 6 months : no selling : no mlm ! !
 
 = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d this is a one time mailing . there is no need to hit reply or seek to be = removed from a list . thank you . . . = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d are you afraid of success ? let me scare you to death ! hello entrepreneur ! my name is dave starkey , question - what if . . . = 20 you could earn . . . an immediate , substantial $ 5 , 000 - $ 10 , 000 + = 20 monthly income . . . in as little as 45-90 days - - and all it required was = a = 20 telephone ? what if i could show you how to generate a six figure income in just = 20 several months ? i ' m not talking about the elusive dream of residual income in network = 20 marketing . this is not mlm ! not a chain letter or other online scam ! = 20 i ' m truly earning much more every week than i ever before earned = 20 monthly chasing success in other programs ! i made $ 20 , 000 in my first month ! i ' ll teach you how ! ! ! what is it that i and so many others are doing ? = 3d = 3d > call now to find out : 1-800 - 322-6169 ext . 9508 = 20 seriously , if i can do this , anyone can . what if you do even better than i am ? best of success to you , and thanks for your time . sincerely , dave starkey
",1
270,"Subject: re :
 
 = 20 the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial = intelligence = 20 programs for your ibm pc or compatible and also for macintosh . you = 20 can watch them , talk to them , ask them questions , tell them secrets , and = relate with them . watch them as you ask them to take off different = clothes and guide them through many different activities . watch and participate = in the hottest sexual activities available on computer , including : several sexual positions , using many unique toys , even bringing in multiple = partners . this is no doubt one of the most realistic , sexually stimulating = computer games available . they will remember your name , birthday , your likes and = your dislikes . every time you start the program , they say different things , = and act differently . each time , they have a different personality . with the = vga digital graphics , the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend software = have some of the hottest , sexiest graphics out there . and with a = soundblaster or compatible card , you can actually hear their voice as they talk to you . = this is the first adult software title that was designed for both = heterosexual and homosexual people . i would like you to try the actual full copy out = before it is put on the market . it will be sold for 1 / 5 of the actual price = ( $ 10 . 00 ) until i can get back some information on what people think of the = program . = 20 please give it a try and write back any comments . thank you . if you are interested and would like to order a copy , then you can = read the mailing instructions below . it comes in an unmarked package and is = sent out at most 4 days after the order is received . you are not put on any mailing lists whatsoever , guaranteed . it will run on any 386 , 486 or = higher , = 20 and 100 % ibm compatibles . required is vga graphics , and a hard drive . = 20 the sound card is optional . macintosh requires at least 4 meg of ram . = 20 virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence programs , meaning they are completely interactive . it would be just like = if you were talking to someone . you can actually have simple = conversations . = 20 their attitudes change with the different things you say , so you can say things that will upset them , and then say things that will please them . = the more you play / talk with them , the more you learn what they can do , and = what = 20 they like to do . it really is a blast . with all these movies coming out about virtual reality , it 's amazing to actually have a virtual reality program like this for your own computer . it 's easy to install , and instructions are easy to follow . = 20 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ special software offer ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this is to inform you about the new adult game that vcs magazine rated "" the best game of "" 97 "" . "" the search for paradise is no doubt one = 20 of the greatest xxx adult games available "" . the first games where it is as much fun as it is a turn on ! travel the world to every continent , = every country you can think of , and meet some of the most beautiful women in existence . these women will treat you like a king and obey your every command . any sexual wish you can think of , these women know it all . = 20 there is a different paradise for every guy out there , and this game = will have them all . this game uses real models , digital video , and digital = sound to make it as realistic as possible . you will feel like you ' re in the = same room as the girl you ' re talking to ! ! ! as an added bonus you ' ll receive "" club celebrity x "" meet , talk to and even have your way with the celebrities of your = choice . imagine being in a club with some very beautiful , well known , = actual celebrities ! you have seen these girls on t . v . , magazines and = billboard ads . now they are on your computer begging for action . this game is hot = and once you start playing , you won't be able to stop ! ! ! ~ required : 386 or better , 4 meg ram or better , windows 3 . 1 or higher = ( win95 is fine ) , sound card is optional , rom is optional . ( game is given = either cd - rom or compressed 3 . 5 "" diskettes ) . ~ ~ $ 19 . 95 ! order now and get everything for just = $ 24 . 95 ! ! ! ! = 20 at your request , the programs can come with a password protection = utility that only allows the program to run when the correct password is = entered . = 20 = 20 ( you must be 18 or over to purchase ) please fill out the following form and mail it to the address above . = 20 ( feel free to write out the order form by hand ) = 20 send to : mark wrhel p . o . box 0118 tujunga , ca . 91043 = 20 = 20 your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do you have an ibm ( ) or mac ( ) ? cd rom ( ) or disks ( ) ? ( ) virtual girdfriend or ( ) boyfriend for $ 10 . 00 ( ) * both just = $ 15 . 95 ( ) the search for paradise and club celebrity x for $ 19 . 95 ( ) everything ! ! ! the search for paradise , club celebrity x , virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend . = 20 > > > > all for just $ 24 . 95 = 20
",1
271,"Subject: no loan debt consolidations
 
 no loan debt consolidation program are you like many and have more bills than income ? now that the = holidays are over , the bills start rolling in . well you should take advantage of this = offer for you to = 20 consolidate all your bills into one payment . there is no credit check = needed to even = 20 get approved for this program . no co - signer , no income limit , bad or no = credit ok . . . . . 90 % approval rate . cut interest payments . . . . . consolidate those credit = card balances . = 20 hit reply with daytime phone # and your name . we will contact you as = soon as possible . program is designed for people with bad or poor credit . not = direct loan to you , payments are sent to creditors . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ free offers below # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # | this is a free $ 10 . 00 calling card ! = | | = | | to activate this calling card = | | call 1-800 - 962-2190 acct rep : pe707779 = | | = | | they give you a card number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | | = | | to use dial : 1 ) 1-888 - 835-3444 2 ) enter your card # , = | | 3 ) dial 1 + area code + number . # # places another call . | # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ask about one free week each month of unlimited long distance calls . 24 hours , 7 days , no limitations apply ! ! ! ! ! ! all the calls you can make for a week each month . call the 800 # above in the free calling card .
",1
272,"Subject: re :
 
 = 20 the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial = intelligence = 20 programs for your ibm pc or compatible and also for macintosh . you = 20 can watch them , talk to them , ask them questions , tell them secrets , and = relate with them . watch them as you ask them to take off different = clothes and guide them through many different activities . watch and participate = in the hottest sexual activities available on computer , including : several sexual positions , using many unique toys , even bringing in multiple = partners . this is no doubt one of the most realistic , sexually stimulating = computer games available . they will remember your name , birthday , your likes and = your dislikes . every time you start the program , they say different things , = and act differently . each time , they have a different personality . with the = vga digital graphics , the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend software = have some of the hottest , sexiest graphics out there . and with a = soundblaster or compatible card , you can actually hear their voice as they talk to you . = this is the first adult software title that was designed for both = heterosexual and homosexual people . i would like you to try the actual full copy out = before it is put on the market . it will be sold for 1 / 5 of the actual price = ( $ 10 . 00 ) until i can get back some information on what people think of the = program . = 20 please give it a try and write back any comments . thank you . if you are interested and would like to order a copy , then you can = read the mailing instructions below . it comes in an unmarked package and is = sent out at most 4 days after the order is received . you are not put on any mailing lists whatsoever , guaranteed . it will run on any 386 , 486 or = higher , = 20 and 100 % ibm compatibles . required is vga graphics , and a hard drive . = 20 the sound card is optional . macintosh requires at least 4 meg of ram . = 20 virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence programs , meaning they are completely interactive . it would be just like = if you were talking to someone . you can actually have simple = conversations . = 20 their attitudes change with the different things you say , so you can say things that will upset them , and then say things that will please them . = the more you play / talk with them , the more you learn what they can do , and = what = 20 they like to do . it really is a blast . with all these movies coming out about virtual reality , it 's amazing to actually have a virtual reality program like this for your own computer . it 's easy to install , and instructions are easy to follow . = 20 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ special software offer ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this is to inform you about the new adult game that vcs magazine rated "" the best game of "" 97 "" . "" the search for paradise is no doubt one = 20 of the greatest xxx adult games available "" . the first games where it is as much fun as it is a turn on ! travel the world to every continent , = every country you can think of , and meet some of the most beautiful women in existence . these women will treat you like a king and obey your every command . any sexual wish you can think of , these women know it all . = 20 there is a different paradise for every guy out there , and this game = will have them all . this game uses real models , digital video , and digital = sound to make it as realistic as possible . you will feel like you ' re in the = same room as the girl you ' re talking to ! ! ! as an added bonus you ' ll receive "" club celebrity x "" meet , talk to and even have your way with the celebrities of your = choice . imagine being in a club with some very beautiful , well known , = actual celebrities ! you have seen these girls on t . v . , magazines and = billboard ads . now they are on your computer begging for action . this game is hot = and once you start playing , you won't be able to stop ! ! ! ~ required : 386 or better , 4 meg ram or better , windows 3 . 1 or higher = ( win95 is fine ) , sound card is optional , rom is optional . ( game is given = either cd - rom or compressed 3 . 5 "" diskettes ) . ~ ~ $ 19 . 95 ! order now and get everything for just = $ 24 . 95 ! ! ! ! = 20 at your request , the programs can come with a password protection = utility that only allows the program to run when the correct password is = entered . = 20 = 20 ( you must be 18 or over to purchase ) please fill out the following form and mail it to the address above . = 20 ( feel free to write out the order form by hand ) = 20 send to : mark wrhel p . o . box 0118 tujunga , ca . 91043 = 20 = 20 your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do you have an ibm ( ) or mac ( ) ? cd rom ( ) or disks ( ) ? ( ) virtual girdfriend or ( ) boyfriend for $ 10 . 00 ( ) * both just = $ 15 . 95 ( ) the search for paradise and club celebrity x for $ 19 . 95 ( ) everything ! ! ! the search for paradise , club celebrity x , virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend . = 20 > > > > all for just $ 24 . 95 = 20
",1
273,"Subject: bulk email for profit
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = 20 mail thousands of email messages per hour - no kidding ! ! = 20 = 20 send your email messages out , at 1 , 000 's messages / hour ( 28 . 8k modem ) yes , 1 , 000 's of messages an hour * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 30 million email addresses * * * * * * * * $ 100 . 00 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * you ' ll receive 2 high-speed email software programs introducing . . . . "" floodgate bulk email loader "" = 20 and . . . . "" goldrush stealth mass mailer "" this is the same software that all bulk emailing services use ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - floodgate bulk email loader version 5 . 2 and goldrush stealth mass mailer version 3 . 215 for windows 95 and windows 3 . 1 now supports 17 = 20 ( really more with the free form filter ) file formats - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - send out 20 , 000 + marketing letters every single day ! or . . . every few days . in fact , when i send out just a few thousand = marketing letters each day , it does n't take long before i ' m completely = swamped with email inquiries and phone calls . this is very easy to do . = and each one of these bulk mailings costs me nothing . i can teach you = how to do this and provide you with the tools you ' ll need . if you ' ve got a good marketing letter , i ' ll show you how to open the = floodgates . you ' ll be deluged with inquiries , leads , and real sales , = using nothing but email alone . writing a good marketing letter is not easy . i often have to rewrite my = marketing letters a half dozen times before i get the results i ' m = looking for . but once you have a good letter , as you probably know , you = can use the same letter over and over again , predictably and = consistently , closing sales , week after week , month after month . it takes me about one hour to send my marketing letter to thousands of = fresh email addresses . i can do this , thanks to a windows program i use . = it 's called floodgate and goldrush stealth mass mailer . it 's a bulk = email loader and an email software program . if you ' re interested in = electronic marketing , you should know about these programs . program # 1 : floodgate for windows the floodgate bulk email loader imports simple text files that anyone = can download from compuserve , prodigy , delphi genie , or the internet . = these text files contain classified ads , forum messages , or data from = the member directory . each of these files is filled with email = addresses . floodgate is designed to read these files and strip out the email = addresses . it then sorts the addresses , removes any duplicates , and = formats them into an output file , with 10 , 20 or 30 addresses per line . = this is all done in one simple step . just point and click . you ' ll need either a windows based internet account or an america = on - line account to send out your marketing letters . neither aol nor the = internet charges to send email . send your letter to 1 , 000 people or = 10 , 000 people - - the cost is always the same . nothing ! new ! prepare a mailing of 50 , 000 + = 20 in less than a 1 / 2 hour if you open an internet account , you can send each letter to 20 , 000 + = people . the new floodgate now directly writes distribution lists . some = people are always collecting new addresses , but if you publish a = newsletter or adsheet , you ' ll be using the same addresses over and over = again . that 's real power ! when using addresses you ' ve previously = collected , you can press a few buttons and prepare a mailing of 50 , 000 + = in less than a half hour . ( to get a list of all the internet access providers in your local = calling area goto : http : / / thelist . com and click on your area code . ) the floodgate users guide will teach you , step by step , how to download = the right files , how to strip the addresses , and finally , how to cut and = paste the formatted addresses into your marketing letter . or , if you = have an internet account , how to create distribution lists . one you ' ve = done this a few times you won't even have to think . it 's that simple ! for the brave & daring : pushing technology to its limits as you may know , the practice of sending unsolicited email is usually = frowned upon , and most service providers have rules against it . but , = like jay-walking , there is little enforcement . it 's not illegal . if = someone tells you that it is , ask them to provide the citation ( and = do n't let them give you some nonsense about faxes - that 's not email ) . = they can't do it because it 's not there . sometimes , when a lot of people = complain , i get a warning letter . and that 's about it . about 1 in 200 will write back and tell me , "" take me off the list "" , = which i can do , thanks to floodgates remove list feature . many people = reply back thanking me for sending them my informative letter . that 's = always nice . most people though , just reply and say , "" send me more = info . "" in this way , it usually takes me two or three letters to close a = sale . the floodgate users guide will provide you with proven formats for = writing a successful marketing letter . you ' ll test and rewrite , test and = rewrite . then , once you ' ve got it , just push a few buttons , and open the = floodgates ! ! ! the floodgate bulk email loader currently supports 17 + file formats 1 . compuserve classifieds : send your marketing letter to everyone who is = running a classified ad . i ' ll teach you how to download all the = classifieds from any single ad category . this is one of the most = responsive list of buyers . they check their email every day and they ' re = already in business . 2 . america on - line classifieds : download 1 , 000 addresses in 15 minutes . = these are excellent lists for business to business sales . 3 . compuserve forums : you can join a forum and download hundreds of = forum messages in a matter of minutes . 4 . america on - line forums : choose from dozens of forums . all good = targeted lists . 5 . prodigy forums : prodigy allows you to easily export any group of = forum messages . more targeted lists . 6 . internet newsgroups : these are all targeted lists . you ' ll be able to = send your marketing letter to everyone who posts a message in any = newsgroup . easily collect 1 , 000 's of addresses per hour . 7 . america on - line member directory : most member directories only allow = you to search by city and state . with aol , you can search by business = type , hobbies , computer type , etc . this is the gem of all member directories . build huge targeted lists . 8 . compuserve member directory : this is a major resource . if you ' re = willing to target your mailing to a single city , you can collect about = 1 , 000 email addresses an hour . 9 . delphi member directory : the delphi member directory allows you to = search for people based on key words . these are good targeted mailing = lists . a single search can easily generate 5 , 000 addresses . 10 . genie member directory : similar to the compuserve member directory , = only you can download names much quicker . you can easily pull hundreds = of thousands of addresses out of each of these member directories . 11 . compuserve file cabinet : if you run classified ads , and save the = responses in the cim file cabinet , you ' ll be able to easily reuse these = addresses . you can send your marketing letter to everyone in any single = folder . build master lists and clean up your hard drive . 12 . free form : if you have a text file with email addresses that = floodgate does not support , chances are the free form filter will be = just what you need . just enter a key word to search for . 13 . compuserve form profiles ( forum membership directories ) : easy to = build targeted lists here . each search can easily bring you 500 + addresses . 14 . genie profiles : if you ' re building targeted lists , you ' ll get a lot = of addresses very quickly from genie . 15 . plain addresses : read floodgate master files back into floodgate to = merge files and do selective mailings . also useful for the management of = email address lists that you might purchase . floodgate also has filters to allow you to include or exclude any groups = of addresses in your final distribution lists . for example , you could = include only email addresses that ended in . com or exclude all with = . gov . you could exclude all noc , root , and other addresses that almost = guarantee a negative response . these filters are fully configurable and = can be used together . build reusable master files floodgate maintains master files for each of your marketing letters . if = you download from the same place on a regular basis , you only want to = send your letter to the new people . floodgate will compare the new = addresses with those in the master file , and prepare a mailing list of = only new people . the new addresses are , of course , then added to the = master file . with each new mailing your master file grows and grows . you may create as many master lists as you need . when you start a new = marketing campaign , you ' ll want to send your new letter to everyone on = your master list . if you write a newsletter , each time you send your = newsletter , you ' ll send it to everyone on a master list . the remove list very often , people will reply and tell you to take them off your mailing = list . place these addresses in the remove . mst file and they will never = receive another letter from you again . in this way , you will be = operating your business with the most professionalism possible . don ' t be fooled we have some new competitors that have tried to copy floodgate . the = following list describes why floodgate is better . . . . . . . * * floodgate is a mature , bug free product . not an initial release . * * floodgate comes with over 100 pages of step by step = documentation . * * floodgate is the only one offering a money back guarantee . * * floodgate has more testimonials . = 20 * * filter for filter , floodgate offers more capabilities , way more . = 20 * * floodgate does everything all the others * combined * claim . = 20 * * floodgate is by far the easiest to use . * * there is no * cutting and pasting * with floodgate . = 20 * * we have by far , the best technical support . some quick math floodgate can pay for itself in a few days . it can also cut your = advertising costs down to almost nothing . think of what the competition = will do when they get their floodgate program . do n't be left in the dust = - there are 75 million people out there , just a few keystrokes away . = let 's do the math : - email 50 , 000 sales letters ( takes about 1 - 2 hours ) - let 's say your product will bring you $ 5 profit per sale . - let 's also say you only get a 1 % response ( occasionally higher ) . * that 's 500 orders x $ 5 = 3d $ 2 , 500 profit ! ! now imagine what 500 , 000 = letters would do for your business ! ! what can i market on-line ? you can market anything on-line using direct email , that can be marketed = using conventional postal direct mail marketing . the possibilities are = practically endless . if it sells off-line , you can sell it on-line . easy to install and easy to learn the floodgate email loader requires windows . the supplied manual tells = you where to go , what to do , and how to do it . all you need are basic = computer skills that can be learned with a little practice or help from = our computer savvy technicians . program # 2 : goldrush stealth mass mailer do not get this program confused with other slow speed programs that = call themselves "" stealth "" . this program is the only one in the world = that can send email out at high speeds with one single connection to the = internet . = 20 this is new , cutting edge email technology . first of it 's kind . . the = most powerful bulk email sender in the world . . nothing can even come = close ! = 20 thanks to our top programmer 's , this technology is now available and we = are the only place you can get it from ! = 20 * only "" one "" dial-up or isdn connection needed . = 20 * no more terminated connections . = 20 * no more waiting to send large amounts of email . = 20 * immediate response to your mass mailings . = 20 * you will have all the control and confidence of = 20 sending email the way it should be sent . . . in huge amounts ! = 20 * send your whole list in one day , whether it be 500 , 000 = 20 or 5 million - and just sit back and wait for your = 20 orders to pour in . = 20 * no more downloading undeliverable names . bulk emailer 's dream come true ! ! ! - > > > goldrush stealth mass mailer connect to multiple mail servers ( 20 or more ) , make multiple connections = to a single server or any combination of the two ( all simultaneously ) = with one single dial-up connection . = 20 send multiple simultaneous mailings . . . = 20 view complete details about your mailings . shows each server your = connected to , the status of that connection , how many messages are going = out through that connection , etc . . . we show you all the tricks all the mass e-mailers do n't want you to = know . . . = 20 here are just a few features the goldrush stealth mass mailer offers to = you . . . = 20 * forge the header - message id - isp 's will spin their wheels . = 20 * add 's a bogus authenticated sender to the header . = 20 * add 's a complete bogus received from / received by line with = 20 real time / date stamp and recipient to the header . = 20 * does not require a valid pop account be entered in order to = 20 send your mailings . = 20 * easy to use and operate = 20 * plus much more ! = 20 all this , at speeds of up to 1 , 000 's messages / hour ( 28 . 8k modem ) . = 20 special introductory price . . . = 20 now you can have both the floodgate and = 20 goldrush stealth mass mailer for just $ 499 . 00 ! = 20 update . . . save $ 149 . 05 and order now , be one of the first 100 orders ! = 20 step up to the plate and play with the big boys today and receive the = complete 2 software package for the unbelievably low price of only = $ 349 . 95 ! = 20 ( other bulk email software has sold for as much as $ 2 , 500 and can't even = come close to the cutting edge technology of ease , accuracy and speed = . . . speed . . . speed ! ) = 20 try the goldrush stealth mass mailer & floodgate bulk email loader for = 10 days free . = 20 and receive unlimited technical support for 30 days . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 30 million email addresses millions and millions of email addresses cd with millions of email addresses separated by domain name . all addresses are simple text format one per line . addresses from the following domains : pipleline , msn , mci , juno , delphi , genie , aol , compuserve , internet , . com & . net , millions of them ! not available on diskette or download . want the millions of addresses for $ 100 . 00 ? just buy our floodgate / goldrush software package ( with all the bonuses included ) , and the millions of addresses are yours for just $ 100 . 00 additional . these addresses will be delivered to you in simple text files that any bulk emailing program can use , on cd rom . with this cd , you can begin making money immediately ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * special bonus # 1 : * * * stop losing isp dial up accounts ! = 20 if you order the floodgate / goldrush software within the next 5 days - = when you receive your program , you will also receive : = 20 * complete instructions on "" how to keep your dial up account from = showing up in the header "" , plus everything you will need to get started = doing this . = 20 important notice ! we will initially only be offering 100 copies of the = program for sale , first come / first served basis only . we are doing = this because of the extreme power that these programs offer . * * * special bonus # 2 * * * = 20 when you receive your two programs , you will also receive : over 250 reprint and resell rights reports you can start to market and make money immediately ! ! ! = 20 these hot sellers include : = 20 1 ) how to get a top rating in the search engines = 20 2 ) 70 money making reports = 20 3 ) 75 money making plans & trade secrets and much much more ! ! ! = 20 ( $ 200 retail value - free ! ! ! ) = 20 * * * special bonus # 3 * * * with your two software programs , you will also receive our new "" address = grabber "" utility program that enables you to grab 100 's of thousands of = email addresses from newsgroups in minutes ( $ 100 retail value - free ) . * * * special bonus # 4 * * * receive checks by email , phone or fax machine . with this software program , you can receive payment for your product or service instantly ! ! there is no more waiting for your customers check to arrive . this software will no doubt , add to your sales , for customers who do n't have credit cards , as well as the impulse buyers . with this software , you can print up your payments as soon as your customer gives you his / her checking information . you will then add the information given , to the proper blank check spaces , then just print and go to the bank ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to get your free demo and "" test drive "" our state-of - the-art software , = 20 fax us your email address and request to : = 09 1-561 - 966-6839 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * hurry . . . reserve yours today ! = 20 so , if you are interested in taking advantage of the most powerful bulk = 20 email software in the world and start making money hand over fist . . . . . print out the ez order form below and fax or mail it to our office . if you have any questions do n't hesitate to call us at : 1-561 - 965-6139 system requirements 386 or larger windows 95 or windows 3 . 1 with 8 meg ram extra 5 mb hard drive space floodgate & goldrush can be run on a fast mac with 24 mb ram and = softwindows . notes from satisfied users "" it is everything you said it was . within one week of my first mailing , = i received a record number of orders . all you need to print money is a = decent sales letter . thanks . "" randy albertson , wolverine capital . "" after using floodgate and your utility program all day today , let me = say these are as two of the finest programs i have ever bought in my 52 = years ! your support has been superb . thank you ! "" vernon hale , prime data = systems "" my first day and i just used floodgate and pegasus to send 1 , 469 sales = letters . so far i ' ve got about 25 positive responses . it works great ! ! ! = thanks . "" donald prior "" floodgate is awesome ! . i recently started a new business on-line . i = stripped the addresses of the aol & cis classifieds . i sent out 3 , 497 = email letters and got over 400 people to join my company in 5 days ! = needless to say , it pays for itself . "" david sheeham , ompd "" i was able to use floodgate to extract the names from the internet news = groups . it works perfectly . needless to say , i am very excited about the = use of this new technology . "" mark eberra , inside connections "" this is a great piece of software and an invaluable marketing tool . "" = joe kuhn , the millennium group "" i just thought you 'd like to know that this program is fantastic . after = loading it on my system , i wanted to test it out . in my first hour of = using this , i collected 6 , 092 email addresses ! "" richard kahn , ld = communications "" i just love the floodgate program . it saves me hours and hours of time . = this is the beginning of a wonderful fun time marketing on-line . thank = you so much for writing this program . "" beth o'neill , eudora , ks "" your software is brilliant , and from the technical support i ' ve = received , i can see you have a genuine love and respect of = people . . . floodgate is a divine package . wish i had found it sooner . "" tom = sanders , peoria , il "" i really like the way the floodgate software package works . it is very = easy to use , and really does the trick . it has already saved me an = incredible amount of time and energy . "" john berning , jr . , fairfield , nj "" it 's going great with floodgate ! i like using delphi . i just collected = 50 , 000 + addresses within 20 minutes on-line . "" richard kahn , r&b = associates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - e - z order form : please print out this order form and fill in the blanks . . . . . . please send order form and check or money order , payable to : ted keller p . o . box 741342 boynton beach , fl 33474-1342 ( 561 ) - 965-6139 _ _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to try your cutting-edge software so that i can = advertise my business to thousands of people on-line whenever i like ! i = understand that i have 10 days to trial the software . if i am not fully = delighted , i will cheerfully be refunded the purchase price , no = questions asked ! please rush me the floodgate and goldrush package now ! _ _ _ _ _ _ i am ordering within 72 hours ! that qualifies me to receive the = floodgate and goldrush package at a substantial discount ! i am ordering = both software packages for only $ 349 . 95 . ( save $ 150 off the retail = price . . . . software has sold for as much as $ 2 , 499 . 95 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ i am ordering within 72 hours ! that qualifies me to receive = unlimited technical support for 30 days . _ _ _ _ _ _ i want to receive the package overnight . i ' m including $ 18 . 00 for = shipping charges . _ _ _ _ _ _ i want to receive the package 2nd day . i ' m including $ 10 . 00 = ( includes insurance & return receipt ) for shipping charges . _ _ _ _ _ _ i ' m ordering floodgate / goldrush software and want to order the = millions of email addresses as well . my additional cost is $ 100 . 00 = enclosed . _ _ _ _ _ _ i ' m not ordering your floodgate / goldrush software , but i want to order your millions of email addresses on cd . enclosed is = $ 249 . 00 . ( checks : allow 1 week for bank clearance ) your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your position _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email addresses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * we accept checks , money orders , mastercard , visa , american express . you can either mail your order to = 20 us or fax your order to : ( 561 ) - 966-6839 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * today 's date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 visa _ _ _ _ mastercard _ _ _ _ american express _ _ _ _ discover _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 card # : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 billing address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 amount to be charged : $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i agree to pay ted keller an additional $ 29 fee if my check is returned = for insufficient or uncollectable funds . signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please send all order forms and check or money order to payable to : ted keller p . o . box 741342 boynton beach , fl 33474-1342 ( 561 ) - 965-6139 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * or : please paste your check here ( if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check = by mail . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from = your original check that you faxed to us ) please fax the above order form and check to : 1-561 - 966-6839 t
",1
274,"Subject: new savings discovery !
 
 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / this message was composed using extractor pro bulk e - mail software . if = 20 you wish to be removed from this advertiser 's future mailings , please = reply = 20 with the subject "" remove "" and this software will automatically block you = from their future mailings . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / / please accept this invitation to find out where you can get affodable = internet ready computers , home security systems , cosmetics , nutritional = products , phone cards , videophones and much more . . . get full details by clicking this link : http : / / www . reeseandassociates . com / fun _ stuff . html thank you !
",1
275,"Subject: 
 
 data to : = 20 date : fri , 06 feb 1998 22 : 32 : 18 pst subject : great food x - mailer : emailer platinum 3 . 1 ( tm ) by internet marketing inc . this is not a "" scheme "" , it 's a simple offer . = 20 i ' ve been cooking and baking for nearly 45 years . here 's a chance for = you to benefit from my experiences . for only $ 2 ( us ) , i ' ll share 12 of my = favorite recipes with you . these are really exceptional and , as far as i know , = have never been published previously . many were handed down to me by my grandmother and i ' ve adapted them to a lighter style of eating . most of = the recipes are proportional ( can be doubled or tripled ) making them = naturals for entertaining , fraternities and sororities , firehouses , etc . from = incredibly = 20 succulent chicken and beef dishes , to mouth watering desserts , this is = an opportunity to get some really great recipes for very little money . = 20 to receive your copy of "" karen 's best "" recipes : send $ 2 in cash ( concealed ) and your e - mail address to : k . b . 22704 ventura blvd . # 334 woodland hills , ca 91364 = 20 usa your recipes will be e - mailed to you the same day i receive your order . = 20 thanks . eat well and enjoy . karen
",1
276,"Subject: subliminally seduce women instantly ! !
 
 win over any woman you want in less than an hour . = 20 guaranteed ! start dating women that until now were ' out of your league ' guaranteed ! i know it sounds too good to be true , but it is now = a0 possible for you = to achieve in minutes , what typically takes most men days , months , and sometimes even years to accomplish . . . seducing a woman ! skeptical ? read this . then visit our web site to learn the facts ! scientists worldwide agree that , in certain applications , subliminal = mind control can accomplish amazing things . you might have heard how in = the 1950s subliminal advertising was used in movie theaters to induce an = unnatural craving for popcorn and an unquenchable desire for coke . there are many types of subliminal thought control . = a0 certain = subliminal influence techniques work amazingly well , while others hardly work at = all ! if you do n't think modern subliminal technology can change your life , = think again ! for less than the cost of a single good meal you can = instantly and permanently change the way women treat you . guaranteed ! and the best part is that ( due to a legal loophole ) this is perfectly = legal ! if your luck with women has been anything other than great , find out the = facts by visiting our web site . once you have received and tested one of our audio tapes you will be = amazed ! do n't make the mistake of confusing the antiquated technology used in = the past with newly developed digital mastering techniques . we have = spent years developing computer enhanced techniques that enable us to = produce mood altering products that work on any woman , anywhere , = anytime . . . guaranteed ! you cannot turn women into mindless sex slaves with this or any other technology . you can , however , induce at will , natural urges that would = otherwise lie dormant . it is simply a fact that any natural human desire = such as sleep , hunger or sexual impulses can be greatly intensified by = using subliminal commands . when you play these recordings in the presence of any female who has a = normal sexual appetite , look out ! = a0 she won't know what has come over = her ! it is completely undetectable ! even women you barely know , when subjected to this invisible aphrodisiac = will find you more interesting and better looking . they will find = themselves mysteriously drawn and sexually attracted to you . = guaranteed ! ! each of our musical recordings comes with a second 'd emo ' tape ( free of = charge ) that has the subliminal messages brought forward for you to hear = loud and clear . do n't let your girlfriend hear this one ! warning : we have given you the opportunity to be more successful with any woman you choose . if you do not at least check out = the facts for yourself , you will only be cheating yourself out of happiness and romance . to find out more about these amazing tapes at our web site at : http : / / www . ivpco . com / ~ speccass / index . html or , if your mail reader supports hyper-links , click here if you have any problems accessing our main page , try our new mirror = site at : http : / / www . emptyshell . com mirror site * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this message was sent by overseas internet promotions , inc . of miami . = if you have a product or service you want to market on the internet , = call us today @ 305-668 - 7502 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",1
277,"Subject: microsynergy cd - r specials edition 10
 
 microsynergy cd - r specials edition ( 10 ) to be removed from this mailing list , simply hit reply and type "" remove "" in the subject line . thank you , xceed communications . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * microsynergy is an industry-leading manufacturer of vertically integrated systems that employ key optical peripherals and adapters such as : cd duplication systems cd-rom servers cd jukeboxes cd towers * * * note : to receive special pricing from this promotion , be sure to mention "" cd - r specials edition ( 10 ) "" or type it into the comment field on the online order form . thank you . idt / microsynergy is pleased to extend the following specials , ms - 5 cd duplication system . standalone duplication system with five 4x writers records up to 20 cd 's per hour . all systems include : 133mhz pentium ( tm ) , 32mb of memory , 2gb av hard drive , floppy drive , keyboard , mouse , monitor , microsynergy 's multiplicd ( tm ) duplication software , and windows nt ( tm ) preloaded software . $ 5999 . 00 blank cd - recordable media : white printable cd - r media in spindle ( no jewel case ) 650mb , 74 min , green on gold only $ 1 . 09 each with minimum order of 200 pieces . blank cd - r media in jewel case by major manufacturer 650mb , 74 min . , blue on silver printable only $ 1 . 89 each with minimum order of 100 pieces . blank cd - r media in spindle ( no jewel case ) by major manufacturer 650mb , 74 min . , blue on silver printable only $ 1 . 69 each with minimum order of 100 pieces . cd - r printer with 1440x720 dpi using epson 600 engine print 4 color directly on the printable cd - r media while maintaining all features of a standard paper printer mac and pc compatible only $ 1099 . 00 4x12x ( 4x write / 12x read ) cd - r drive - package includes , cd - r drive , 3 in one mastering software for mac , pc and direct cd , one pc of media and cable . internal $ 409 . 00 , external $ 459 . 00 cd-rw26i ( 2x6x cd-rewritable drive ) includes , cdrw drive , one cdrw media , direct cd software and cable . internal $ 365 . 00 , external - $ 415 . 00 cdr / jaz duo ( 4x12x cdr drive and jaz drive external unit ) includes : external duo , 3 in one mastering software for mac , pc and direct cd , one pc of media , jaz cartridge , and cable $ 899 . 00 for more information on microsynergy 's full line of products including : cd duplication systems , autoloading cd - r duplicators , cd-rom towers & servers , jukeboxes , cd - recordable drives , and cd - r media please visit our web site at http : / / www . idt-microsynergy . com . you can also order online through our secure site or call 714-477 - 1700 usa . you can also fax or e-mail your order . our fax number is 714-477 - 1717 and our email address is order @ idt-microsynergy . com . please include your telephone number so that we can confirm your order . shipping information and cost is available online for most items . shipping and handling not included . all prices are fob irvine , ca , usa . prices and availability may change without notice . all trademarks , tradenames and logos are the properties of their respective owners . typographic errors are subject to correction . this special ends 2 / 19 / 98 .
",1
278,"Subject: small business promotion
 
 = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d for all your internet marketing go to http : / / www . submit200 . com = 20 submit200 for all your marketing needs . = 20 = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d please , this is one time email only . to discontinue it , follow = instructions at the bottom . thank you . small business promotion = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d services and cash prospects "" consulting and engineering services "" "" business resource "" web and software attractive cash business "" web cash page "" lucrative cash generator over web "" 800 with your code "" sells itself , just advertise it "" http : / / inet . simplenet . com "" small business bulk e-mail set-up "" envelope stuffing "" home business program ( not software ) "" spam solution "" opportunity to own spam address & website "" additional business promos "" various business prospects details : "" consulting and engineering services "" ( est . 1994 ) jbphd ( pe in ct , ny & pa ) 1-888 - 542-2236 toll free 1 . licensed distributor for the deregulated discounted distributor = recruitment . once in a lifetime opportunity to have a nice slice in = $ 215 billion deregulated utilities market . please , call for further = information and sign-up . 2 . circuits , control , communication , electrical power , electronics , = instrumentation & systems : 1 . analyses , calculations , conceptual work , etc . 2 . design support ( catalog work , computer inputs , estimates , take-offs , = schedules & sketches ) 3 . document reviews , verifications and checking 4 . engineering support ( standards , codes , etc . ) 5 . interface work ( interdisciplinary , clients , etc . ) 6 . manual , procedure , and specification preparations 7 . protective device coordination and protection 8 . reports , research , testimonies , etc . 9 . studies ( feasibility , upgrade or modernization ) 10 . system analyses , descriptions and integrations 11 . tutorials , presentations 3 . administration : 1 . computer software assistance ( for ibm compatibles , dos , windows , = wordprocessors and spreadsheets ) 2 . quality engineering ( assurance and control ) 3 . technical audits , editing and proposals "" business resources "" - ingeniously designed cash software for a = small home business marketing . offers licensing agent option with very = profitable return . please , call 1-888 - 542-2236 for a copy of free = unregistered software or download it from : http : / / www . mlmers-ad - net . com / mg / jo1545 . htm "" web cash page "" - true cash generator web page , popular , easy to = start , fun to operate small business yielding cash in mail which keeps = on coming in larger number as you promote it . please , call = 1-888 - 542-2236 or fill purchase on web page : http : / / www . powpg . com / page . asp ? id = 3d430108 "" 800 with your code "" - an incredibly easy way to make money . = advertise your 800-811 - 2141 with your private code xxxxx which you = obtain with your lifetime membership for $ 199 and they tackle the sale . = you just keep on collecting commission . please call for further = information including options : 1-800 - 811-2141 ( code 47838 ) . "" http : / / inet . simplenet . com "" - platinum 3 bulk e-mail software for = $ 69 . 95 . the price includes 1 , 000 , 000 e-mails plus , various useful = software for bulk emailing and $ 30 commission per new sign-up with your = pin . please , use pin # 1433 for your sign-up on the "" sign up page . "" "" envelope stuffing "" - program for envelope stuffing for $ 25 . = attractive for small home businesses . not a software . please , call = 1-888 - 542-2236 for more information . "" spam solution "" - opportunity to join email address category for = business advertisements exists without a chance of losing your internet account . please , call = 1-888 - 542-2236 or visit web site http : / / wasi . com / spamaddress / info . idc ? reg = 3d665 for more information . "" additional business prospects "" - please , call 1-888 - 542-2236 for = more information . \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / removal from the emailings : if you do not wish to receive any further messages from us , please , = reply to this message . click on reply button and type remove all in the subject heading field = and click on send button . you will be removed from all our emailings . \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
",1
279,"Subject: adults onlyhottest phone sex everall lines unsencored
 
 live 1-on - 1 011-678 - 72304 live group action 1-767 - 445-2357 hot sex stories 1-664 - 410-4710 dating program with personal voice mail 1-268 - 404-6621
",1
280,"Subject: young hot girls new site
 
 > > young hot girls new site can you handle 2 young , hot , sexy girls ? cum watch us at : http : / / www . livewhorehouse . com where you can complete our menage-a - trois . we really hate it when you do n't cum . luv nadia and alexa xoxoxoxoxoxo = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = we honor all remove requests ! ! just mail your requests to : jackpotx @ ix . netcom . com = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
",1
281,"Subject: re :
 
 the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence = programs for your ibm pc or compatible and also for macintosh . you = 20 can watch them , talk to them , ask them questions , tell them secrets , and = relate with them . watch them as you ask them to take off different = clothes and guide them through many different activities . watch and participate = in the hottest sexual activities available on computer , including : several sexual positions , using many unique toys , even bringing in multiple = partners . this is no doubt one of the most realistic , sexually stimulating = computer games available . they will remember your name , birthday , your likes and = your dislikes . every time you start the program , they say different things , = and act differently . each time , they have a different personality . with the = vga digital graphics , the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend software = have some of the hottest , sexiest graphics out there . and with a = soundblaster or compatible card , you can actually hear their voice as they talk to you . = this is the first adult software title that was designed for both = heterosexual and homosexual people . i would like you to try the actual full copy out = before it is put on the market . it will be sold for 1 / 5 of the actual price = ( $ 10 . 00 ) until i can get back some information on what people think of the = program . = 20 please give it a try and write back any comments . thank you . if you are interested and would like to order a copy , then you can = read the mailing instructions below . it comes in an unmarked package and is = sent out at most 4 days after the order is received . you are not put on any mailing lists whatsoever , guaranteed . it will run on any 386 , 486 or = higher , = 20 and 100 % ibm compatibles . required is vga graphics , and a hard drive . = 20 the sound card is optional . macintosh requires at least 4 meg of ram . = 20 virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence programs , meaning they are completely interactive . it would be just like = if you were talking to someone . you can actually have simple = conversations . = 20 their attitudes change with the different things you say , so you can say things that will upset them , and then say things that will please them . = the more you play / talk with them , the more you learn what they can do , and = what = 20 they like to do . it really is a blast . with all these movies coming out about virtual reality , it 's amazing to actually have a virtual reality program like this for your own computer . it 's easy to install , and instructions are easy to follow . = 20 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ special software offer ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this is to inform you about the new adult game that vcs magazine rated "" the best game of "" 97 "" . "" the search for paradise is no doubt one = 20 of the greatest xxx adult games available "" . the first games where it is as much fun as it is a turn on ! travel the world to every continent , = every country you can think of , and meet some of the most beautiful women in existence . these women will treat you like a king and obey your every command . any sexual wish you can think of , these women know it all . = 20 there is a different paradise for every guy out there , and this game = will have them all . this game uses real models , digital video , and digital = sound to make it as realistic as possible . you will feel like you ' re in the = same room as the girl you ' re talking to ! ! ! as an added bonus you ' ll receive "" club celebrity x "" meet , talk to and even have your way with the celebrities of your = choice . imagine being in a club with some very beautiful , well known , = actual celebrities ! you have seen these girls on t . v . , magazines and = billboard ads . now they are on your computer begging for action . this game is hot = and once you start playing , you won't be able to stop ! ! ! ~ required : 386 or better , 4 meg ram or better , windows 3 . 1 or higher = ( win95 is fine ) , sound card is optional , rom is optional . ( game is given = either cd - rom or compressed 3 . 5 "" diskettes ) . ~ ~ $ 19 . 95 ! order now and get everything for just = $ 24 . 95 ! ! ! ! = 20 at your request , the programs can come with a password protection = utility that only allows the program to run when the correct password is = entered . = 20 = 20 ( you must be 18 or over to purchase ) please fill out the following form and mail it to the address above . = 20 ( feel free to write out the order form by hand ) = 20 send to : mark wrhel p . o . box 0118 tujunga , ca . 91043 = 20 = 20 your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do you have an ibm ( ) or mac ( ) ? cd rom ( ) or disks ( ) ? ( ) virtual girdfriend or ( ) boyfriend for $ 10 . 00 ( ) * both just = $ 15 . 95 ( ) the search for paradise and club celebrity x for $ 19 . 95 ( ) everything ! ! ! the search for paradise , club celebrity x , virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend . = 20 > > > > all for just $ 24 . 95 = 20
",1
282,"Subject: free enterprise : 6 figures in 6 mths : no selling : no mlm ! !
 
 = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d this is a one time mailing . there is no need to hit reply or seek to be = removed from a list . thank you . . . = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d are you afraid of success ? let me scare you to death ! hello entrepreneur ! my name is dave starkey , question - what if . . . = 20 you could earn . . . an immediate , substantial $ 5 , 000 - $ 10 , 000 + = 20 monthly income . . . in as little as 45-90 days - - and all it required was = a = 20 telephone ? what if i could show you how to generate a six figure income in just = 20 several months ? i ' m not talking about the elusive dream of residual income in network = 20 marketing . this is not mlm ! not a chain letter or other online scam ! = 20 i ' m truly earning much more every week than i ever before earned = 20 monthly chasing success in other programs ! i made $ 20 , 000 in my first month ! i ' ll teach you how ! ! ! what is it that i and so many others are doing ? = 3d = 3d > call now to find out : step 1 : call 850-654 - 7727 ext . 6200 this is an 8 minute brief overview on who we are and what we are = trying to accomplish ( yes , this is an 8 minute toll call . it will = cost you approximatly $ 1 ) . if you like what you hear , = 20 step 2 : call 800-322 - 6169 ext . 9508 leave your name and phone number and the best time that you can be = reached . you will be contacted personally in the order that your call = is received so you can get as much information that you require to = make the best decision possible for your future . step 3 : mention "" email d2 "" in your message . seriously , if i can do this , anyone can . what if you do even better than i am ? best of success to you , and thanks for your time . sincerely , dave starkey
",1
283,"Subject: re :
 
 = 20 the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial = intelligence = 20 programs for your ibm pc or compatible and also for macintosh . you = 20 can watch them , talk to them , ask them questions , tell them secrets , and = relate with them . watch them as you ask them to take off different = clothes and guide them through many different activities . watch and participate = in the hottest sexual activities available on computer , including : several sexual positions , using many unique toys , even bringing in multiple = partners . this is no doubt one of the most realistic , sexually stimulating = computer games available . they will remember your name , birthday , your likes and = your dislikes . every time you start the program , they say different things , = and act differently . each time , they have a different personality . with the = vga digital graphics , the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend software = have some of the hottest , sexiest graphics out there . and with a = soundblaster or compatible card , you can actually hear their voice as they talk to you . = this is the first adult software title that was designed for both = heterosexual and homosexual people . i would like you to try the actual full copy out = before it is put on the market . it will be sold for 1 / 5 of the actual price = ( $ 10 . 00 ) until i can get back some information on what people think of the = program . = 20 please give it a try and write back any comments . thank you . if you are interested and would like to order a copy , then you can = read the mailing instructions below . it comes in an unmarked package and is = sent out at most 4 days after the order is received . you are not put on any mailing lists whatsoever , guaranteed . it will run on any 386 , 486 or = higher , = 20 and 100 % ibm compatibles . required is vga graphics , and a hard drive . = 20 the sound card is optional . macintosh requires at least 4 meg of ram . = 20 virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence programs , meaning they are completely interactive . it would be just like = if you were talking to someone . you can actually have simple = conversations . = 20 their attitudes change with the different things you say , so you can say things that will upset them , and then say things that will please them . = the more you play / talk with them , the more you learn what they can do , and = what = 20 they like to do . it really is a blast . with all these movies coming out about virtual reality , it 's amazing to actually have a virtual reality program like this for your own computer . it 's easy to install , and instructions are easy to follow . = 20 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ special software offer ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this is to inform you about the new adult game that vcs magazine rated "" the best game of "" 97 "" . "" the search for paradise is no doubt one = 20 of the greatest xxx adult games available "" . the first games where it is as much fun as it is a turn on ! travel the world to every continent , = every country you can think of , and meet some of the most beautiful women in existence . these women will treat you like a king and obey your every command . any sexual wish you can think of , these women know it all . = 20 there is a different paradise for every guy out there , and this game = will have them all . this game uses real models , digital video , and digital = sound to make it as realistic as possible . you will feel like you ' re in the = same room as the girl you ' re talking to ! ! ! as an added bonus you ' ll receive "" club celebrity x "" meet , talk to and even have your way with the celebrities of your = choice . imagine being in a club with some very beautiful , well known , = actual celebrities ! you have seen these girls on t . v . , magazines and = billboard ads . now they are on your computer begging for action . this game is hot = and once you start playing , you won't be able to stop ! ! ! ~ required : 386 or better , 4 meg ram or better , windows 3 . 1 or higher = ( win95 is fine ) , sound card is optional , rom is optional . ( game is given = either cd - rom or compressed 3 . 5 "" diskettes ) . ~ ~ $ 19 . 95 ! order now and get everything for just = $ 24 . 95 ! ! ! ! = 20 at your request , the programs can come with a password protection = utility that only allows the program to run when the correct password is = entered . = 20 = 20 ( you must be 18 or over to purchase ) please fill out the following form and mail it to the address above . = 20 ( feel free to write out the order form by hand ) = 20 send to : mark wrhel p . o . box 0118 tujunga , ca . 91043 = 20 = 20 your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do you have an ibm ( ) or mac ( ) ? cd rom ( ) or disks ( ) ? ( ) virtual girdfriend or ( ) boyfriend for $ 10 . 00 ( ) * both just = $ 15 . 95 ( ) the search for paradise and club celebrity x for $ 19 . 95 ( ) everything ! ! ! the search for paradise , club celebrity x , virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend . = 20 > > > > all for just $ 24 . 95 = 20
",1
284,"Subject: your family name
 
 discover your family history - rated "" cool site of the week "" come visit our website at , http : / / www . vpm . com / hallofnames / index . htm free search = 09 do you know who your ancestors are and what they did ? do you know when your surname first appeared ? are you curious about where your family roots originate ? now you can fill in the missing pieces of this puzzle . join the satisfied multitudes who have discovered their complete family = surname history . all nationalities . it 's easy . just key your last name into our online = index , and in seconds we will tell you it 's origin and much more . see = if we ' ve researched your complete family name history during our 25 = years of professional research . read a sample history , plus - free coat of arms keychain with your = family 's most ancient coat of arms & crest . all in full color . your = family name history parchment is 11 x 17 "" , approximately 1700 words . it = is beautifully illuminated by your most ancient coat of arms in full = authentic heraldic colors . over 500 urls on family and heraldic = history . please come visit our website at , = http : / / www . vpm . com / hallofnames / index . htm free search hall of names international inc . 1-888 - my - roots ( 1-888 - 697-6687 )
",1
285,"Subject: a-12 win free tri p arround the wor
 
 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / this message was composed using extractor pro bulk e - mail software . if = 20 you wish to be removed from this advertiser 's future mailings , please = reply = 20 with the subject "" remove "" and this software will automatically block you = from their future mailings . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / / enter the super nova sweepstakes - - - you might win a free gambling vacation for two to the greatest casinos around the world ! ! ! click right here , right now - first stop : las vegas - enjoy a luxurious stay on the las vegas strip where you will find fabulous entertainment and exceptional dining . second stop : sun city - rejoice in the spendor of this south african resort town while gambling in the far southern hemisphere . final stop - monaco , the world 's most european city - where you ' ll gamble and relax amidst royal splendor . in total , you ' ll have 11 nights and 12 days of luxurious entertainment and gambling at the most spectacular casinos the world has to offer . but you have enter . click right here , right now - what are you waiting for ? ? ? ? ? email
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286,"Subject: uce : successful people only
 
 unusual project , new ideas , not for everyone millionaire with non-profit foundation seeking successful people from = all walks of life = 20 for extended experiment in 1 ) creating great personal wealth for = participants and 2 ) for = 20 participation in a self study course in how to always have whatever is = wanted or desired , = 20 without limit or compromise . applicants must have prior success in = 20 some field , any field . teamwork skills and willingness to learn are = essential . must = 20 be willing and able to devote single-minded focus for six month = project . must possess = 20 desire for the freedom that personal wealth creates . must be willing to = work with large = 20 amounts of cash . there will be a short telephone interview to determine = potential = 20 suitability for the position . this project is not for everyone . = call 1-800 - 372-3134 x 2002 and leave your number ( which will be held in strict = confidence ) and time = 20 of day to call for follow-up interviews . do not email . = 20
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287,"Subject: seduce women instantly !
 
 win over any woman you want in less than an hour . = 20 guaranteed ! start dating women that until now were ' out of your league ' guaranteed ! as incredible as it sounds , it is now = a0 possible for you to achieve in minutes , what typically takes most men days , months , and sometimes even years to accomplish . . . seducing a woman ! skeptical ? read this . then visit our web site to learn the facts ! scientists worldwide agree that , in certain applications , subliminal = mind control can accomplish amazing things . you might have heard how in = the 1950s subliminal advertising was used in movie theaters to induce an = unnatural craving for popcorn and an unquenchable desire for coke . there are many types of subliminal thought control . = a0 certain = subliminal influence techniques work amazingly well , while others hardly work at = all ! if you do n't think modern subliminal technology can change your life , = think again ! for less than the cost of a single good meal you can = instantly and permanently change the way women treat you . guaranteed ! if your luck with women has been anything other than great , find out the = facts by visiting our web site . once you have received and tested one of our audio tapes you will be = amazed ! do n't make the mistake of confusing the antiquated technology used in = the past with newly developed digital mastering techniques . we have = spent years developing computer enhanced techniques that enable us to = produce mood altering products that work on any woman , anywhere , = anytime . . . guaranteed ! you cannot turn women into mindless sex slaves with this or any other technology . you can , however , induce at will , natural urges that would = otherwise lie dormant . it is simply a fact that any natural human desire = such as sleep , hunger or sexual impulses can be greatly intensified by = using subliminal commands . when you play these recordings in the presence of any female who has a = normal sexual appetite , look out ! = a0 she won't know what has come over = her ! it is completely undetectable ! even women you barely know , when subjected to this invisible aphrodisiac = will find you more interesting and better looking . they will find = themselves mysteriously drawn and sexually attracted to you . = guaranteed ! ! each of our musical recordings comes with a second 'd emo ' tape ( free of = charge ) that has the subliminal messages brought forward for you to hear = loud and clear . do n't let your girlfriend hear this one ! warning : we have given you the opportunity to be more successful with any woman you choose . if you do not at least check out = the facts for yourself , you will only be cheating yourself out of happiness and romance . to find out more about these amazing tapes at our web site at : http : / / www . emptyshell . com or , if your mail-reader supports hyperlinks , = 20 click here * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this message was sent by overseas internet promotions , inc . of miami . = if you have a product or service you want to market on the internet , = call us today @ 305-668 - 7502 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",1
288,"Subject: you gotta see this . . . .
 
 make thousands of dollars from the spam you get ! get thousands of e-mail addresses ! here is something that will make you money , costs only $ 5 , and helps solve the spam problem on the net . click here : http : / / wasi . com / safeaddress / info . idc ? reg = 1685 thanks ! ! !
",1
289,"Subject: re :
 
 the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence = programs for your ibm pc or compatible and also for macintosh . you = 20 can watch them , talk to them , ask them questions , tell them secrets , and = relate with them . watch them as you ask them to take off different = clothes and guide them through many different activities . watch and participate = in the hottest sexual activities available on computer , including : several sexual positions , using many unique toys , even bringing in multiple = partners . this is no doubt one of the most realistic , sexually stimulating = computer games available . they will remember your name , birthday , your likes and = your dislikes . every time you start the program , they say different things , = and act differently . each time , they have a different personality . with the = vga digital graphics , the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend software = have some of the hottest , sexiest graphics out there . and with a = soundblaster or compatible card , you can actually hear their voice as they talk to you . = this is the first adult software title that was designed for both = heterosexual and homosexual people . i would like you to try the actual full copy out = before it is put on the market . it will be sold for 1 / 5 of the actual price = ( $ 10 . 00 ) until i can get back some information on what people think of the = program . = 20 please give it a try and write back any comments . thank you . if you are interested and would like to order a copy , then you can = read the mailing instructions below . it comes in an unmarked package and is = sent out at most 4 days after the order is received . you are not put on any mailing lists whatsoever , guaranteed . it will run on any 386 , 486 or = higher , = 20 and 100 % ibm compatibles . required is vga graphics , and a hard drive . = 20 the sound card is optional . macintosh requires at least 4 meg of ram . = 20 virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence programs , meaning they are completely interactive . it would be just like = if you were talking to someone . you can actually have simple = conversations . = 20 their attitudes change with the different things you say , so you can say things that will upset them , and then say things that will please them . = the more you play / talk with them , the more you learn what they can do , and = what = 20 they like to do . it really is a blast . with all these movies coming out about virtual reality , it 's amazing to actually have a virtual reality program like this for your own computer . it 's easy to install , and instructions are easy to follow . = 20 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ special software offer ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this is to inform you about the new adult game that vcs magazine rated "" the best game of "" 97 "" . "" the search for paradise is no doubt one = 20 of the greatest xxx adult games available "" . the first games where it is as much fun as it is a turn on ! travel the world to every continent , = every country you can think of , and meet some of the most beautiful women in existence . these women will treat you like a king and obey your every command . any sexual wish you can think of , these women know it all . = 20 there is a different paradise for every guy out there , and this game = will have them all . this game uses real models , digital video , and digital = sound to make it as realistic as possible . you will feel like you ' re in the = same room as the girl you ' re talking to ! ! ! as an added bonus you ' ll receive "" club celebrity x "" meet , talk to and even have your way with the celebrities of your = choice . imagine being in a club with some very beautiful , well known , = actual celebrities ! you have seen these girls on t . v . , magazines and = billboard ads . now they are on your computer begging for action . this game is hot = and once you start playing , you won't be able to stop ! ! ! ~ required : 386 or better , 4 meg ram or better , windows 3 . 1 or higher = ( win95 is fine ) , sound card is optional , rom is optional . ( game is given = either cd - rom or compressed 3 . 5 "" diskettes ) . ~ ~ $ 19 . 95 ! order now and get everything for just = $ 24 . 95 ! ! ! ! = 20 at your request , the programs can come with a password protection = utility that only allows the program to run when the correct password is = entered . = 20 = 20 ( you must be 18 or over to purchase ) please fill out the following form and mail it to the address above . = 20 ( feel free to write out the order form by hand ) = 20 send to : mark wrhel 3115 foothill blvd suite m233 la crecenta , ca 91214 = 20 your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do you have an ibm ( ) or mac ( ) ? cd rom ( ) or disks ( ) ? ( ) virtual girdfriend or ( ) boyfriend for $ 10 . 00 ( ) * both just = $ 15 . 95 ( ) the search for paradise and club celebrity x for $ 19 . 95 ( ) everything ! ! ! the search for paradise , club celebrity x , virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend . = 20 > > > > all for just $ 24 . 95 = 20
",1
290,"Subject: xxx adult entertainment
 
 join us at pink pussy club the hottest site for xxx live girl sex = shows ! ! ! we ' ve got it all ! ! ! it 's always free ! ! ! = 20 * a massive selection of xxx live girls ! ! ! ! * free membership ! ! ! * free porn star pics ! ! ! * real live sex ! ! ! * free erotic stories ! ! ! * personals & dating services * adult toys & clothing * men 's pics , gay , lesbian & bi - sexuals * adult videos , cd-roms and much , much more ! ! ! we update daily to bring you the hottest and newest xxx sex ! submit = your adult link for free ! http : / / www . pinkpussyclub . com aol click here you must be 21 to use our service . if you take offense to this email & wish to be taken off our list simply = email us at : xstacy @ hotmail . com we apologize for any
",1
291,"Subject: teeth bleaching & whitening kit
 
 your dentist can whiten and bleach your teeth at a cost of $ 300 - $ 600 . = this process has been successfully utilized by dental professionals for over 8 years . do it yourself and save $ $ $ . purchase the identical kit from a = manufacturer that supplies dentists . only $ 135 . us for internet consumers , shipped worldwide . visit the american dental supply , llc website at = http : / / www . teethwhite . com
",1
292,"Subject: business offer
 
 i ' m looking for people that have an interest in creating additional = income = 20 working from their homes with : = 20 no investment no selling no inventories no deliveries = 20 no financial risk . = 20 this is a not an mlm . if this interest you , please visit my web page = at = 20 www . hartley . on . ca / residual = 20 if this email has reached you in error , i apologize . if you wish to be = 20 removed from any future mailings from our company please reply with the = word = 20 remove in the subject line . = 20 thank you
",1
293,"Subject: business offer
 
 i ' m looking for people that have an interest in creating additional = income = 20 working from their homes with : = 20 no investment no selling no inventories no deliveries = 20 no financial risk . = 20 this is a not an mlm . if this interest you , please visit my web page = at = 20 www . hartley . on . ca / residual = 20 if this email has reached you in error , i apologize . if you wish to be = 20 removed from any future mailings from our company please reply with the = word = 20 remove in the subject line . = 20 thank you
",1
294,"Subject: thank you for joining our mailing list
 
 sorry it has taken us so long to send you our first newsletter . we redid = our server to make it faster for = 20 you . unfortunately it took a couple of months . please visit our site = today . = 20 http : / / www . mallcentral . com = 20 thank you , arlene
",1
295,"Subject: business loans & leasing of equipment
 
 do you know of a business that needs a cash loan ? we have fast fundings ! ! or might want to use lease financing for purchasing any type of equipment , computers , phones , office furniture , trucks , industrial machinery , medical equipment , etc . then use that equipment to put more $ $ on the bottom line . please give us a call at afr for any questions or to have more information and a application sent to you . call 305-382 - 8018 afr 's live polite consultants on duty to assist you from 8 : 00 am to 6 : 00 pm monday thru saturday timing is everything ! ! sometimes most business need fresh cash to be able to make new profits . expect the best service that you have ever received . please save this message for future use or give this to a business friend . thank you for your time . have a very pleasant day .
",1
296,"Subject: email list goldmine & specials
 
 removal instructions : just hit reply and put "" remove "" in the subject = line . simple . . = 20 and you will be placed on our global remove list . . = 20 just released ! ! ! the freshest , cleanest list on the internet today ! only $ 69 dollars per 1 , 000 , 000 fresh email addresses / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / have you purchased expensive bulk email software just to find out that = collecting = 20 thousands of deliverable addresses is n't as easy as you thought ? if you have a product / service to sell our list of 1 , 000 , 000 addresses = will bring you = 20 the results you ' re looking for . what makes our list different ? * * do do not collect anything from newsgroup postings * * * * our lists are updated daily and never over 1 month old ! ! * * * * we will replace every non-deliverable address with 2 new ones ! ! it 's a fact that the average internet user changes their email = address or isp = 20 several times a year . there is no way we can guarantee our lists will be = 100 % = 20 deliverable , so order today and after you use our list if there are any = undeliverable , = 20 we will replace them with 2 different email addresses ! no other = company = 20 offers this type of guarantee ! "" the freshest valid email addresses are pure * gold * "" since sending email is so inexpensive , a good email list is all you need = to reach = 20 your road to the entire world and make huge profit in the shortest time . this is how we did it ! / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / we took a total of over 50 million email addresses from many of the = touted cd ' s = 20 that are out there ( bough them all - some were over 300 dollars ! ) we = added the = 20 several million that we harvested from classified ad sites & mlmer = directories to = 20 the total . when we combined them all , we had in excess of 55 million = addresses = 20 in one huge file over a gigabyte ! we then ran a super "" sort / de-dupe "" program against this huge list . it = cut the file = 20 down to less then 20 million ! ! ! can you believe that ? it seems that = most people out = 20 there selling cd 's are duping the public by putting numerous files of = addresses in the = 20 cd over and over . this created many duplicate addresses . they also had = many = 20 program "" generated "" email addresses like compuserve , mci , anon 's , etc . = this = 20 causes a tremendous amount of undeliverables , and for those that use = stealth = 20 programs , clogs up servers quickly and gets you kicked off fast ! we then ran a program that contained 100 + bad key words to remove = addresses with = 20 vulgarity , profanity , sex-related names , postmaster , webmaster , flamer , = abuse , spam , = 20 nospam , etc . , etc . also eliminated all . edu , . mil , . org , . gov , etc . = after that list was run = 20 against the remaining list it reduced it down to near 8 million = addresses ! finally and lastly , we tested our list of addresses by sending them a = small teaser ad = 20 and guess our response rate ! ! ! after we finished sending mail to all of = the 10 million = 20 people our response rate was close to 6 % ! ! ! the money we received from = all these = 20 customers was 3 - 4 times as much as you would pay for any other bulk = email list cd . = 20 giving us a tremendous profit on our investment . our list is a gold = mine ! so , you see , our list will save people hundreds of dollars buying all = others that are out = 20 there on cd and otherwise . using ours will be like using the 50 million = that we started with , = 20 but a lot less money and for a lot less time ! ! we also included some of cyber-promo 's email addresses in this list . = we included it just = 20 prior to finishing production on this new list . we also filtered our = list from a 300 , 000 = 20 "" remove / flamer "" list to add against flames . * * the bottom line is * * sure , you can buy a cd-rom with "" 25 - million "" addresses for $ 150 . 00 but = what good = 20 will it do if 80 % of the lists are those of non-deliverable , randomly = generated or fake ? = 20 here 's something you should know , those companies that offer such = products use = 20 software that randomly produces email addresses . for example , they = start with = 20 an extension like "" @ prodigy "" and starting form a - z , produce addresses = like : adam @ prodigy . net , adam1 @ prodigy . net , adam2 @ prodigy . net etc . . . of course with almost 100 million internet users some of those = addresses will actually = 20 be real , but are you willing to risk it ? facts are , nobody can collect = 25 million different = 20 real addresses unless you had a dozen servers working around the clock = for months . = 20 and by the time you collected 25 million addresses , most of them will no = longer be valid = 20 due to cancelled accounts , changed email addresses , etc . you ' ll get = much better results = 20 and rich faster if you purchased newer lists of real addresses , not = randomly generated ones . = 20 our 1 million address list is a targeted group of addresses that have = been gathered specifically looking for opportunity seekers , on - line marketers , etc . the list is = highly responsive and hot ! price : $ 69 . 00 our 2 million address list consists of a broad range of end users . from = those who post in = 20 classified sections , directories , and much more ! this list also includes = all the on line marketers that are in the first list . = 20 price : $ 119 . 00 how to order : to order , please print this email out and cut from here on : order now ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( cut here ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - order form : please print out this order form and then fill in the blanks . . . _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i am ordering within 7 days , please send the site = information for my whole = 20 list of 1 or 2 ( circle one ) million e-mail addresses for the appropriate = price listed below , = 20 and include a list of 200 , 000 targeted us e-mail addresses as a super = bonus ! enclosed is $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ us funds signed to ( kevin monrose ) for your email = list , it is in a = 20 business check / personal check / us money order / cash ( circle one ) : by sending cash , please make sure that cash is wrapped around with many = fold of thick paper and sealed securely . ( if possible , wrapped around with carbon = paper ) . use the private mail service such as ups or fedex to ensure fast delivery . = many of our clients use this method because they are not familiar with = international banking process . please place inside an envelope and mail to : unique marketing solutions 136 hidden valley place n . w . calgary , alberta t3a4z6 canada please contact kevin monrose at ( 403 ) 274-5823 during evenings mon-sat = before you place a order . = 20 thank you ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email addresses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ as soon as we process your check or money order , the information and = 20 passwords for downloading will be send first via email , and then by a = phone call .
",1
297,"Subject: warning !
 
 warning ! you ' re about to see something great ! if you are interested , = visit this web site . . . . http : / / 207 . 36 . 85 . 71 or click here !
",1
298,"Subject: attraction
 
 do you want to succeed at dating , or you just need a little spark to = your relationship or marriage ? well here is the answer for you ! sensations = ae , the new compact disc that uses proven subliminal = techniques to increase your chances of sexual success with the opposite sex . . simply = play it and watch it work ! ! ! ! do you want to be a winner ? = 20 if yes then go to http : / / 207 . 134 . 166 . 10 / users / subliminal / subliminal . htm
",1
299,"Subject: hi , how are you !
 
 dear friend : this is an extremely important announcement for you ! iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii = iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii important announcement important announcement = ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' = ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' your future may depend on it ! ! ! iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii = iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii before you learn about this ' important announcement ' , please read the following ' editorial excerpts ' first from some important publications in = the united states : new york times : "" in concluding our review of financial organizations ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' to effect change in = the 90 's , special attention should be called to ' world currency cartel ' organization based in california . = the members of this organization are amassing hundreds of millions of = dollars in the currency market using a very legal method which has never been divulged to the general public . while their purpose is not yet = known , their presence has most certainly been felt "" . nbc nightly news : "" members of the world currency cartel = organization , ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' who always = keep very low profile of themselves , are some of the most powerful and wealthiest people in this hemisphere "" . more excerpts later , but first let us give you this "" important = announcement "" : ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` = ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` we are glad to announce that for the very first time , the world currency cartel organization will instruct a limited number of people worldwide how to convert $ 25 into one hundred of legal currency . we will transact the first conversion for you , after that you can = quickly and easily do this on your own hundreds or even thousands of times each and every month . take advantage of this "" secret flaw "" ! = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d it is even more explosive than we have yet disclosed . while currency does fluctuates daily , we can show you how to convert $ 99 = 20 into $ 580 as many times as you want . that means , you will be able to convert $ 99 american legal currency dollars for = 20 $ 580 of the same . you can do this as many times as you wish , = 20 every day , every week , every month . all very legally and effort - lessly ! it only takes about 5 to 10 minutes each time you do this . you can do this from your home , office or even while travelling . all you need is an access to a phone line and an address . best of all , you can do this from any city on this earth ! ! ! again , we must reiterate , anyone can do this and the source is never - ending . for as long as the global financial community continues to use different currencies with varying exchange rate , this "" secret flaw "" will exist . = ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' as we said earlier , we will do the first transaction for you and will = also show you exactly how to do this on your own , over and over again . the amount of exchange you would do each time is entirely up to you . working just 2 to 10 hrs a week , you can soon join the list of = mllionaires who do this on a daily basis and many times a day . the transaction is so simple that even a high school kid can do it ! we at the world currency cartel organization would like to see a uniform global currency backed by gold . but , until then , we will allow a = limited number of individuals worldwide to share in the unlimited profits = provided for by the world currency differentials . we will espouse no more political views nor will we ask you do so . we can say however , that our parent organization wealth exchange int . = 20 benefits greatly by the knowledge being shared as we ourselves along with you benefit likewise . your main concern surely will be , how you = will benefit . in a short time , after you become a member , you can start making trans - actions from your home , office , by telephone or through the mail and = even while travelling . as we said earlier , we will do the first transaction = for you and will show you exactly how to do this over and over again . no one can stop you from earning hundreds of thousands and even millions of dollars each year for as long as this "" secret flaw "" exist ! = ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' do n't believe us , experience it for ourself ! ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; = unlike anyone else , we will assure you a great financial freedom and you will add to our = quickly growing base of supporters and join the list of mllionaires being = created using this "" secret flaw "" in the world currency market ! ! don ' t envy us , join us today ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * there is a one time membership fee of only $ 195 . 00 . but , if you join us by march 25 , 1998 , which is our company 's second anniversarry date , you can join us for only $ 25 administrative cost . your important documents , instructions , contact name / address / phone number and all other pertinent information will be mailed to you immediately . so , take advantage of our anniversarry date and join us today . ( if you are replying after march 25 , 1998 ; you must pay $ 195 for the membership . no exceptions and no more e-mail enquiries ) . upon becoming a member , you promise to keep all infos confidential . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ should you choose to cancel your membership for any reason , you must return all documents for a refund within 60 days . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ important : ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 1 . . . . . write your name & mailing address very clearly on paper 2 . . . . . below your address , please write your e - mail address ( optional ) 3 . . . . . at the top left hand corner , write the word "" new member "" 4 . . . . . attache a check or m . o . for $ 25 plus $ 3 for postage & shipping ( total us $ 28 . 00 ) 5 . . . . . make it payable to ' wealth exchange int . ' and mail to : wealth exchange int . 9903 santa monica bl ; suite # 405 beverly hills , ca 90212 . u . s . a . ( overseas request must add us $ 10 . 00 extra for the postage ) . > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > here are some more editorial excerpts : ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` wall street : "" a discreet group of americans , operating under the guise of world currency cartel have recently = begun making rumbles in world finance market . while at this time , their game is not completely known , they certainly be watched by those making major moves in the curency contracts "" . financial week : "" watch them , monitor them , extract their knowledge and try to become one of them . that is = the soundest financial advice we could give someone "" . national business weekly : "" while this reporter has been left in the = cold as to its method of = operation , we have been able to confirm that world currency cartel and its members are literally amassing great fortunes overnight "" . $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ end $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
",1
300,"Subject: 1 week free access .
 
 the best adult entertainment site on the www , announces a limited time introductory offer . 1 week free access ! ! ! no risk , no obligation , cancel at any time ! for more details , visit the following web site url : http : / / 195 . 34 . 44 . 4 / pornoland / ( this message and web site are intended for mature adults over 18 . if under 18 , please delete this message . ) http : / / 195 . 34 . 44 . 4 / pornoland /
",1
301,"Subject: re :
 
 just released . . . never sold before only 50 copies available over 250 , 000 email addresses for only = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? . . . . . . . . . read on these addresses are less than 21 days old . earn insane profits with the right formula if you have a product , service , or message that you would like to get = out to thousands , hundreds of thousands , or even millions of people , you = have several options . traditional methods include print advertising , = direct mail , radio , and television advertising . they are all effective , = but they all have two catches : they ' re expensive and time consuming . not = only that , you only get one shot at making your message heard , by the = right people . the internet , the "" global communications frontier "" has changed this = dramatically , including making countless individuals wealthy . = 20 "" electronic marketing , "" as it 's commonly referred to , has effectively = leveled the playing fields of all types businesses . internet marketing services has been in the online marketing business = for over 3 years . we can help make your goals come true . we have helped = many individuals succeed in marketing their product effectively . it 's = very simple to do . in fact soon you will have the problem of what to do = with all the cash you will make from sending out bulk email . = 20 here is just one of many true success stories we have seen . . . we did a mailing of 1 1 / 2 million emails for one of our customers . he = was selling a home workers manual for $ 29 . 95 . his results are very = typical and scary . he took in over 700 orders ! 700 x $ 29 . 95 = 3d $ 20 , 000 . = this gentleman was so amazed , that after being skeptical , it had really = happened to him , he made it , he found a niche . that niche was email ! he = went on to buy our full list and will be set for life in less than six = months time . all this from selling a simple manual via e . mail . that was just one of the many success stories we hear everyday . = 20 it may all sound to good to be true . well , we can tell you this . it = really does work . why else are so many individuals doing it ? they are = not just wasting their time . they are all making mega bucks . do n't even hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most = effective way to market anywhere . . period ! = 20 here ' s the bottom line and what we can do for you here is what you get when you order today ! > > 250 , 000 email addresses . . . 1 per line in simple text format . you will receive email addresses of the following domains . . . aol , = prodigy , compuserve , delphi , genie , juno , pipeline , interamp , msn , mci , = and other mixed email addresses ( . com , . net or . uk . . . etc ) . plus these bonus specials . . . you get everything for only $ 49 including p&p ( or = a330 uk ) > > > special bonus . . . if you order within 48 hours you can deduct $ 9 . 00 = ( or = a35 uk ) from the listed price . limited time only ! so only $ 40 or = = a325 uk . do n't even hesitate on this one . . reserve yours today ! all lists are completely free of any duplicates . we also on a continual = basis , add new names and remove undeliverables and remove requests . = 20 the result is the cleanest email addresses available anywhere to use = over and over again , for a fraction of the cost that other companies = charge . typical rates for acquiring email lists are from 1 cent to as = high as 3 cents per email address - that 's "" information highway "" = robbery ! . = 20 = 09 we only charge 0 . 016 cents per email address . start earning mega money and get started now ! if you have any further questions please feel free to contact us anytime = at : lists @ writeme . com and please type "" questions "" in the subject line . to order our email package , simply call our 24 hour order line at : = 20 tel : + 44 141 339 8325 ( outside uk ) 0141 339 8325 ( within uk ) anytime . you can also fax us on : + 44 141 339 8325 ( outside uk ) 0141 339 8325 = ( within uk ) anytime . don ' t forget . . . . . . . . . . . if you order within 48 hours you can deduct = $ 9 . 00 ( or = a35 uk ) from the listed price . limited time only ! so only $ 40 = or = a325 uk . best of luck ! ! we apologize if this e . mail was sent to you in error . to be permanently removed from all mailing lists simply send any e . mail = to : remove @ bulkcenter . com thank you ! internet marketing services
",1
302,"Subject: hi , how are you !
 
 dear friend : this is an extremely important announcement for you ! iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii = iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii important announcement important announcement = ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' = ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' your future may depend on it ! ! ! iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii = iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii before you learn about this ' important announcement ' , please read the following ' editorial excerpts ' first from some important publications in = the united states : new york times : "" in concluding our review of financial organizations ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' to effect change in = the 90 's , special attention should be called to ' world currency cartel ' organization based in california . = the members of this organization are amassing hundreds of millions of = dollars in the currency market using a very legal method which has never been divulged to the general public . while their purpose is not yet = known , their presence has most certainly been felt "" . nbc nightly news : "" members of the world currency cartel = organization , ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' who always = keep very low profile of themselves , are some of the most powerful and wealthiest people in this hemisphere "" . more excerpts later , but first let us give you this "" important = announcement "" : ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` = ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` we are glad to announce that for the very first time , the world currency cartel organization will instruct a limited number of people worldwide how to convert $ 25 into one hundred of legal currency . we will transact the first conversion for you , after that you can = quickly and easily do this on your own hundreds or even thousands of times each and every month . take advantage of this "" secret flaw "" ! = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d it is even more explosive than we have yet disclosed . while currency does fluctuates daily , we can show you how to convert $ 99 = 20 into $ 580 as many times as you want . that means , you will be able to convert $ 99 american legal currency dollars for = 20 $ 580 of the same . you can do this as many times as you wish , = 20 every day , every week , every month . all very legally and effort - lessly ! it only takes about 5 to 10 minutes each time you do this . you can do this from your home , office or even while travelling . all you need is an access to a phone line and an address . best of all , you can do this from any city on this earth ! ! ! again , we must reiterate , anyone can do this and the source is never - ending . for as long as the global financial community continues to use different currencies with varying exchange rate , this "" secret flaw "" will exist . = ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' as we said earlier , we will do the first transaction for you and will = also show you exactly how to do this on your own , over and over again . the amount of exchange you would do each time is entirely up to you . working just 2 to 10 hrs a week , you can soon join the list of = mllionaires who do this on a daily basis and many times a day . the transaction is so simple that even a high school kid can do it ! we at the world currency cartel organization would like to see a uniform global currency backed by gold . but , until then , we will allow a = limited number of individuals worldwide to share in the unlimited profits = provided for by the world currency differentials . we will espouse no more political views nor will we ask you do so . we can say however , that our parent organization wealth exchange int . = 20 benefits greatly by the knowledge being shared as we ourselves along with you benefit likewise . your main concern surely will be , how you = will benefit . in a short time , after you become a member , you can start making trans - actions from your home , office , by telephone or through the mail and = even while travelling . as we said earlier , we will do the first transaction = for you and will show you exactly how to do this over and over again . no one can stop you from earning hundreds of thousands and even millions of dollars each year for as long as this "" secret flaw "" exist ! = ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' do n't believe us , experience it for ourself ! ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; = unlike anyone else , we will assure you a great financial freedom and you will add to our = quickly growing base of supporters and join the list of mllionaires being = created using this "" secret flaw "" in the world currency market ! ! don ' t envy us , join us today ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * there is a one time membership fee of only $ 195 . 00 . but , if you join us by march 25 , 1998 , which is our company 's second anniversarry date , you can join us for only $ 25 administrative cost . your important documents , instructions , contact name / address / phone number and all other pertinent information will be mailed to you immediately . so , take advantage of our anniversarry date and join us today . ( if you are replying after march 25 , 1998 ; you must pay $ 195 for the membership . no exceptions and no more e-mail enquiries ) . upon becoming a member , you promise to keep all infos confidential . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ should you choose to cancel your membership for any reason , you must return all documents for a refund within 60 days . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ important : ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 1 . . . . . write your name & mailing address very clearly on paper 2 . . . . . below your address , please write your e - mail address ( optional ) 3 . . . . . at the top left hand corner , write the word "" new member "" 4 . . . . . attache a check or m . o . for $ 25 plus $ 3 for postage & shipping ( total us $ 28 . 00 ) 5 . . . . . make it payable to ' wealth exchange int . ' and mail to : wealth exchange int . 9903 santa monica bl ; suite # 405 beverly hills , ca 90212 . u . s . a . ( overseas request must add us $ 10 . 00 extra for the postage ) . > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > here are some more editorial excerpts : ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` wall street : "" a discreet group of americans , operating under the guise of world currency cartel have recently = begun making rumbles in world finance market . while at this time , their game is not completely known , they certainly be watched by those making major moves in the curency contracts "" . financial week : "" watch them , monitor them , extract their knowledge and try to become one of them . that is = the soundest financial advice we could give someone "" . national business weekly : "" while this reporter has been left in the = cold as to its method of = operation , we have been able to confirm that world currency cartel and its members are literally amassing great fortunes overnight "" . $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ end $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
",1
303,"Subject: change your life for $ 15 . 55
 
 you can make money or excuses . . . but not both ! ! ! "" he who dares nothing , need not hope for anything "" . "" invest a little time , energy and very little money now or search for it for the rest of your life "" . surely you have heard by now about the four reports - we all have . = 20 but here are the real facts . these all deal with multi level marketing = and = 20 require you to promote people upline and find people to promote your = downline . i believe there is a different way of doing things . if you are going to = invest time = 20 and a little money , which is required , why not promote what you have and = what you have only . let the others take care of themselves , for themselves . each and every one of the reports listed below have the capability of = changing your life forever . and they will if you apply them to your lives . if your order is postmarked within ten days of this e-mail , you can have = all four reports for only $ 15 . 00 and a self-addressed stamped ( . 55 cents = postage ) envelope . you save five dollars , postage , envelopes and mailings . there is no better way to spend $ 15 . 55 than to use it to change your = life forever . the downside : you invest $ 15 . 55 and receive 4 reports and do nothing = with them . the upside : you invest $ 15 . 55 and receive 4 reports that , if utilized , = pave the road to financial success and freedom . = 20 seems like a very worthwhile investment gamble to me ! ! ! where else would such a small investment pay off in such an exciting = way . it 's your call ! ! ! listed below are the four reports that will change your life , = guaranteed : # 1 - how to make $ 250 , 000 . 00 through multi level marketing , # 2 - major corporations and multi level sales , # 3 - sources for the best mailing lists , # 4 - evaluating multi level sales . mail $ 15 . 00 cash for the four reports to : benzer productions 14341 inglewood ave . # 183 hawthorne , ca 90250 you must include : ( 1 ) - a note stating that you are ordering the four reports , ( 2 ) - a self-addressed stamped ( . 55 cents postage ) envelope , ( 3 ) - $ 15 . 00 cash only . international orders should be sent with $ 16 . 00 cash . ( $ 1 . 00 is for the extra postage ) all orders will be mailed within 48 hours . the decision is yours . change your life forever for only $ 15 . 55 . change your life today . please note : when you receive a $ 15 . 00 order , you must send out the product / service to comply with u . s . postal and lottery laws . title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 specifically state that : "" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . "" doc . cyl
",1
304,"Subject: save hundreds at restaurants , groceries and airlines
 
 double coupon books ! just - - $ 40 - - a low one time purchase gets the following : $ 500 grocery coupon book $ 300 fast food restaurant coupon = all of the top name places first time on the market ! this program is : * simple ! * easy ! * easy to duplicate ! * affordable ! get - a - way checks - - complimentary $ 500 airline discount coupon book your books arrive in days of your order coupons redeemable at participating retailers . fax - on - demand : ( 619 ) 622-0073 ext . 1116-01 # or 02 # this information is contained in the website request information or ask questions information hotline ( 916 ) 486-5580
",1
305,"Subject: free book ! from # 1 best - selling financial author , robert allen
 
 i have discovered what i believe is the perfect home-based business . although i ' m well known for real-estate investment books and seminars , = this new business has absolutely nothing to do with real estate . in = fact , it 's much easier and far less risky . it involves no employees , = little start-up cash , little risk and it 's so simple , anyone can do it . you could be earning $ 1 , 000 a week in as little as 90 days . the number to call immediately is ( 888 ) 303-0621 . it 's a toll-free = 2 - minute 24 - hour recorded message . this may be the answer you have been = seeking . warmly , robert g . allen p . s . i want to show you how to create extra streams of income quickly . = go to the phone and call now . '
",1
306,"Subject: penpals - correspondence - freinds .
 
 hello , come and visit us , meet new friends from brazil . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - correspondence * penpals * travel * romance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ http : / / www . always-friends . com always friends , bem - vindo
",1
307,"Subject: a new weight loss patch from north america print this form and reply by fax to 816-356 - 7310 for more info ! call our one minute information line 913-383 - 7979
 
 the patch for weight loss is here and resellers are needed ! just stick it and forget it , it works 24 hours per day . launch date april 1 , 1998 pay no money now ! position yourself - have you sales team in = 20 place and then decide . no gamble - all win - no lose earn $ 2500 . 00 per week , you can be paid the first week ! = 20 totally new company founded by doctors ! super weight loss documentation . . . . . this isn = 92t the one to wait around on ! _ _ _ yes - reserve my position . name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ c&h enterprises is a direct representative to the company . we = 20 will do everything possible to assist you in building sales . now fax to 816-356 - 7310 . your information pack will be faxed = 20 asap . you may use this form for pre-recruiting & contacting other = 20 people . just fill in your name as sponsor below and fax or e-mail = 20 it to other people . start now ! don = 92t miss the explosion ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sponsors name sponsors phone sponsors fax = 20 print this form and reply by fax 816-356 - 7310 reply by fax today !
",1
308,"Subject: you can win ! ! !
 
 enter the super nova sweepstakes - - - you might win a free vacation for two to the greatest casinos around the world ! ! ! click right here , right now - first stop = a0 las vegas - enjoy a luxurious stay on the las vegas strip where you will find fabulous entertainment and exceptional dining . second stop sun city - rejoice in the splendor of this south african resort town while gambling in the far southern hemisphere . final stop - monaco , the world 's most royal city - where you ' ll gamble and relax amidst european splendor . in total , you ' ll have 11 nights and 12 days of luxurious entertainment and gambling at the most spectacular casinos the world has to offer . = a0 but you have to enter . click right here , right now -
",1
309,"Subject: here is how to send your own bulk email
 
 this website will teach you how to bulk email your product , service , or business opportunity successfully . . . and how to target email your product or service in your local / specific area fact : while there are many people who try to bulk email , there are very few who do it successfully ! why ? : because many people buy bulk email software along with millions of addresses , and are still not supplied with the necessary information they must have to successfully bulk email . here is the rest of the information that the bulk email programs and list sellers never give you that you must have . for the beginner : this site teaches you as if you were in the 1st grade , with complete step-by - step instructions , software & addresses to start effective bulk emailing immediately , at speeds of up to 250 , 000 emails per hour ( and faster ) . do n't pay someone else to send your bulk email . . . you never know if it really is going out ! do it yourself ! we include : how to target email your product or service in your local / specific area plus : * complete instructions on how to send bulk email ! * information on smtp servers * "" bulk friendly "" isps * how to make sure your email is being delivered * how to read header information * how to put "" click here "" links in your bulk email * how to send bulk email in color * information on the internet and why bulk emailing * much , much more ! also : * free 8 million email addresses available for download right now ! * free email list management software ( sorts , counts , filters , combines , etc . at lightning speed ! ) * stealth massmailer software when registering you will save 50 % ! ! ! ! ! * free software demo that automatically keeps you signed on aol indefinitely ! * search engine submission software demo * and much more ! ! ! ! * note : while the software that is obtainable at this site is valuable , it is secondary to the valuable information you will obtain regarding how to send bulk email ! the cost for membership is only $ 99 . 00 ! ! ! ! limited time offer ! call now for access ! ! 352-315 - 6069 we also provide professional bulk emailing services . call for details .
",1
310,"Subject: a new beginning
 
 subject : a new beginning this is the beginning of the beginning this is the groundfloor of something unprecedented . if you missed out on profiting from microsoft 's stellar rise . . . . . . or profiting from the satellite tv explosion . . . . . . or profiting from the internet phenomenon . . . if you watched real opportunity after real opportunity pass by as others made fortunes . . . then you ' ve now just been handed another chance . only this one is the mother of all opportunities . i invite you to listen and learn about the product of the decade . . . . . . and why our exclusive rights to it will make you and me a fortune . toll free 1-888 - 625-8106 ( 24 hours )
",1
311,"Subject: = = = > home computer workers needed now ! < = = =
 
 my personal advise : skip all the b . s . & go straight to the instructions , this is very logical , read it all the way through & you ' ll see why it really works ! ( if you have any questions please write to me at : faq _ here @ yahoo . com ) ( i apologize if this e . mail was sent to you in error . to be permanently removed from all mailing lists simply reply & type in the 's ubject ' : "" remove "" ) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then read it again ! ! ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its ability to generate large amounts of cash . this program is showing fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go to the bank ! this truly is the lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow the easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams will come true ! when followed correctly , this multi-level marketing program works perfectly . . 100 % every time ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , cars , etc . this is your chance , do n't pass it up ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary electronic multi-level marketing program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - this is what you will do to reach financial freedom : you will send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level businesses , you will increase your business building your downline and selling the products ( reports ) . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new multi - level business online ( via your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive via "" snail mail "" will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they ordered . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s it ! the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest multi-level marketing business anywhere ! follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n s * * * * * * * follow these instructions exactly , and in 15 to 40 days you will have received well over $ 50 , 000 . 00 cash , all yours . this program has remained successful because of the honesty and integrity of the participants . please continue its success by carefully adhering to the instructions . this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose name appears on the list next to the report . * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save them on your computer and resell them . * usually within 10 days you will receive , via e-mail , the four reports . save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in steps "" a "" through "" f "" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , take this advertisement and remove the name and address under report # 4 . this person has made it through the cycle and is no doubt counting their 50 grand ! c . move the name and address under report # 3 down to report # 4 . d . move the name and address under report # 2 down to report # 3 . e . move the name and address under report # 1 down to report # 2 . f . insert your name / address in the report # 1 position . please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address accurately ! ! ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this letter . 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the worldwide web ! advertising on the web is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . another avenue which you could use for advertising is e-mail lists . you can buy these lists for under $ 20 / 2 , 000 addresses or you can pay someone a minimal charge to take care of it for you . 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report ( checks not accepted ) - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets of paper - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and ( c ) your postal address . it is suggested that you rent a mailbox addressed to an assumed "" company "" name to avoid your name and home address being sent to millions of people . for an example , see the "" company "" names listed below . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 "" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales "" order report # 1 from : kjr 383 kingston av . suite # 226 brooklyn , ny 11213 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 "" major corporations and multi-level sales "" order report # 2 from : el madrileno inc . 824 eastern parkway brooklyn , ny 11213 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 "" sources for the best mailing lists "" order report # 3 from : john stone 425 brooklyn av . brooklyn , ny 11225 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 "" evaluating multi-level sales plans "" order report # 4 from : dominguez pedro 383 kingston av . apt . 226 , 2 - b brooklyn ny 11213 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think about it ! your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which state that "" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . "" * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving "" junk mail . "" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population and percentages involved . i "" knew "" it would n't work . doris totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old "" i told you so "" on her when the thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i have joined doris in her "" hobby . "" i did have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the "" rat race "" and it 's not for me . we owe it all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i surprised when i found my medium-size post office box crammed with orders ! for awhile , it got so overloaded that i had to start picking up my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't matter where in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! ! !
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312,"Subject: free web site
 
 new improved with free software , free bulk e mail system , free web site = to do what you wish , ongoing support ( optional ) , and a lot more ! all = included , when you order all four reports . this is a "" one-time message "" you were randomly selected to receive = this . = 20 there is no need to reply to remove , you will receive no further = mailings from us . if you have interest in this great information , please do not click = reply , = 20 use the contact information in this message . thank you ! \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ $ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ = \ \ \ \ \ you are about to make at least $ 50 , 000 usd in less than 90 days read the enclosed program . . . then read it again . . . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / / dear friend , the enclosed information is something i almost let slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . my name is christopher erickson . two years ago , the corporation i worked at for the past twelve years down-sized and my position was eliminated . after unproductive job interviews , i decided to open my own business . over the past year , i incurred many unforeseen financial problems . i owed my family , friends , and creditors over $ 35 , 000 . the economy was taking a toll on my business and i just could n't seem to make ends meet . i had to refinance and borrow against my home to support my family and struggling business . i truly believe it was wrong for me to be in debt like this . at that moment something significant happened in my life and i am writing to share my experience in hopes that this will change your life forever . . . . financially ! ! ! in mid - december , i received this program via email . six months prior to receiving this program i had been sending away for information on various business opportunities . all of the programs i received , in my opinion , were not cost effective . they were either too difficult for me to comprehend or the initial investment was too much for me to risk to see if they worked or not . one claimed i 'd make a million dollars in one year . . . it did n't tell me i 'd have to write a book to make it . but like i was saying , in december of ' 92 i received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off a mailing list . thank goodness for that ! ! ! after reading it several times , to = make sure i was reading it correctly , i could n't believe my eyes . = 20 here was a money-making phenomenon . i could invest as much as i wanted = to start , without putting me further in debt . after i got a pencil and paper and figured it out , i would at least get my money back . after determining that the program is legal and not a chain letter , i decided "" why not "" . initially i sent out 10 , 000 emails . it only cost me about $ 15 . 00 for my time on-line . the great thing about email is that i did n't need any money for printing to send out the program , only the cost to fulfill my orders . i am telling you like it is , i hope it does n't turn you off , but i promised myself that i would not "" rip-off "" anyone , no matter how much money it cost me ! . in less than one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by january 13th , i had received 26 orders for report # 1 . when you read the guarantee in the program , you will see that "" you must receive = 15 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks . if you don ' t , send out = more programs until you do ! "" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in 20 to = 90 days was done . by january 30th , i had received 196 orders for report = # 2 . if you go back to the guarantee , "" you must receive 100 or more orders for report # 2 within two weeks . if not , send out more = programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , = relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goal . "" well , i had 196 orders for = report # 2 , 96 more than i needed . so i sat back and relaxed . by march = 19th , of my emailing of 10 , 000 , i received $ 58 , 000 with more coming in = every day . i paid off all my debts and bought a much needed new car . please take time to read the attached program , it will change your life forever ! remember , it wont work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place . it does n't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! report # 2 explains this . = 20 always follow the guarantee , 15 to 20 orders for report # 1 , and 100 or more orders for report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or more in 20 to 90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i ' m sorry . it really is a great opportunity with little cost or risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to financial security . if you are a fellow business owner and you are in financial trouble like i was , or you want to start your own business , consider this a sign . i did ! sincerely , christopher erickson ps do you have any idea what 11 , 700 $ 5 bills ( $ 58 , 000 ) look like piled up on a kitchen table ? it ' s awesome ! "" threw it away "" "" i had received this program before . i threw it away , but later wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to contact to get a copy , so i had to wait until i was emailed another copy of the program . eleven months passed , then it came . i didn ' t throw this one away . i made $ 41 , 000 on the first try . "" dawn w . , evansville , in "" no free lunch "" "" my late father always told me , ' remember , alan , there is no free lunch in life . you get out of life what you put into it . ' through trial and error and a somewhat slow frustrating start , i finally figured it out . the program works very well , i just had to find the right target group of people to email it to . so far this year , i have made over $ 63 , 000 using this program . i know my dad would have been very proud of me . "" alan b . , philadelphia , pa a personal note from the originator of this program by the time you have read the enclosed information and looked over the enclosed program and reports , you should have concluded that such a program , and one that is legal , could not have been created by an amateur . let me tell you a little about myself . i had a profitable business for ten years . then in 1979 my business began falling off . i was doing the same things that were previously successful for me , but it was n't working . finally , i figured it out . it was n't me , it was the economy . inflation and recession had replaced the stable economy that had been with us since 1945 . i do n't have to tell you what happened to the unemployment rate . . . because many of you know from first hand experience . there were more failures and bankruptcies than ever before . the middle class was vanishing . those who knew what they were doing = invested wisely and moved up . those who did not , including those who = never had anything to save or invest , were moving down into the ranks of = the poor . as the saying goes , "" the rich get richer and the poor get = poorer . "" the traditional methods of making money will never allow you = to "" move up "" or "" get rich "" , inflation will see to that . you have just received information that can give you financial freedom for the rest of your life , with "" no risk "" and "" just a little bit of effort . "" you can make more money in the next few months than you have = ever imagined . i should also point out that i will not see a penny of your money , nor anyone else who has provided a testimonial for this program . i have already made over four million dollars ! i have retired from the program after sending out over 16 , 000 programs . now i have several offices which market this and several other programs here in the us and overseas . by the spring , we wish to market the ' internet ' by a partnership with america on line . follow the program exactly as instructed . do not change it in any way . = it works exceedingly well as it is now . remember to email a copy of = this exciting program to everyone that you can think of . one of the people you send this to may send out 50 , 000 . . . and your name will be on every one of them ! . remember though , the more you send out , the = more potential customers you will reach . so my friend , i have given you the ideas , information , materials and opportunity to become financially independent , it is up to you now ! "" think about it "" before you delete this program from your mailbox , as i almost did , take a little time to read it and really think about it . get a pencil and figure out what could happen when you participate . figure out the worst possible response and no matter how you calculate it , you will still make a lot of money ! definitely get back what you invested . = 20 any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . it works ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc here ' s how this amazing program will make you $ $ $ $ $ $ let 's say that you decide to start small , just to see how it goes , and we ' ll assume you and all those involved send out 2 , 000 programs each . let 's also assume that the mailing receives a . 5 % response . using a good list the response could be much better . also many people will send out hundreds of thousands of programs instead of 2 , 000 . but continuing with this example , you send out only 2 , 000 programs . with a . 5 % response , that is only 10 orders for report # 1 . those 10 people respond by sending out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 20 , 000 . out of those . 5 % , 100 people respond and order report # 2 . those 100 mail out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 200 , 000 . the . 5 % response to that is 1 , 000 orders for report # 3 . those 1 , 000 send out 2 , 000 programs each for a 2 , 000 , 000 total . the . 5 % response to that is 10 , 000 orders for report # 4 . that 's 10 , 000 five dollar bills for you . cash ! ! ! ! your total income in this example is $ 50 + $ 500 + $ 5000 + $ 50 , 000 for a total of $ 55 , 550 ! ! ! ! remember friend , this is assuming 1 , 990 out of 2 , 000 people you mail to = will do absolutely nothing . . . and trash this program ! dare to think for = a moment what would happen if everyone or half sent out 100 , 000 programs instead of only 2 , 000 . believe me , many people will do = that and more ! by the way , your cost to participate in this is = practically nothing . you obviously already have an internet connection and email is free ! ! ! report # 3 will show you the best methods for bulk emailing and purchasing email lists . this is a legitimate , legal , money making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house except to get the mail . if you believe that someday you ' ll get that big break that you ' ve been waiting for , this is it ! simply follow the instructions , and your dream will come true . this multi-level email order marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time . email is the sales tool of the future . take advantage of this non-commercialized method of advertising now ! ! the longer you wait , the more people will be doing business using email . get your piece of this action ! ! multi-level marketing ( mlm ) has finally gained respectability . it is = being taught in the harvard business school , and both stanford research and the wall street journal have stated that between 50 % and = 65 % of all goods and services will be sold throughout multi - level methods by the mid to late 1990 's . this is a multi - billion dollar industry and of the 500 , 000 millionaires in the us , 20 % ( 100 , 000 ) made their fortune in the last several years in mlm . moreover , statistics show 45 people become millionaires everyday through multi - level marketing . instructions we at erris mail order marketing business , have a method of raising capital that really works 100 % every time . i am sure that you could use = $ 50 , 000 to $ 125 , 000 in the next 20 to 90 days . before you say "" bull "" , please read the program carefully . this is not a chain letter , but a perfectly legal money making opportunity . basically , this is what we do : as with all multi-level business , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the usa allows you to recruit new multi - level business partners , and we offer a product for every dollar sent . your orders come and are filled through the mail , so you are not = involved in personal selling . you do it privately in your own home , = store or office . this is the greatest multi - level mail order marketing anywhere : step ( 1 ) order all four 4 reports listed by name and number . do this by ordering the report from each of the four 4 names listed on the next page . for each report , send $ 5 cash and a self - addressed , stamped envelope ( business size # 10 ) = to the person listed for the specific report . international = = 20 orders should also include $ 2 extra for postage . it is essential that you specify the name and number of the report requested to the person you are ordering from . you will need all four 4 reports because you will be reprinting and reselling them . do not alter the names or sequence other than what the instructions say . important : always provide same-day service on all orders . step ( 2 ) replace the name and address under report # 1 with yours , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . drop the name and address under report # 2 to report # 3 , moving the one that was there to report # 4 . the name and address that was under report # 4 is dropped from the list and this party is no doubt on the way to the bank . when doing this , make certain you type the names and addresses accurately ! do not mix up moving product / report positions ! ! ! step ( 3 ) having made the required changes in the name list , save it as a text ( . txt ) file in it 's own directory to be used with whatever email program you like . again , report # 3 will tell you the best methods of bulk emailing and acquiring email lists . step ( 4 ) email a copy of the entire program ( all of this is very important ) to everyone whose address you can get your hands on . start with friends and relatives since you can encourage them to take advantage of this fabulous = 20 money-making opportunity . that 's what i did . and they love me now , more than ever . then , email to anyone and everyone ! use your imagination ! you can get email addresses from companies on the internet who specialize in email mailing lists . these are very cheap , 100 , 000 addresses for around $ 35 . 00 . important : you won't get a good response if you use an old list , so always request a fresh , new list . you will find out where to purchase these lists when you order the four 4 reports . always provide same-day service on all orders ! ! ! required reports * * * order each report by number and name * * * always send a self-addressed , stamped envelope and $ 5 usd cash for each order requesting the specific report by name and number ( international orders should also include $ 2 usd extra for postage ) = 20 add you e amil address when sending in for your report this is for = updated information and continueing support ( optional ) that will be = handed down by you sponcers . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 "" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales "" order report # 1 from : a . siegmund # 57 trakehnenstr . 13 53332 bornheim , germany _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 "" major corporations and multi-level sales "" j . maz 15774 s . lagrange rd suite # 312 orland pk , il 60462 usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 "" sources for the best mailing lists "" order report # 3 from : b . thompson 13504 greencaslte ridge tr . 404 burtonsville md . 20866 usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 "" evaluating multi-level sales plans "" order report # 4 from : muw # 2 po box 71442 salt lake city , ut 84171-0442 usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conclusion . i am enjoying my fortune that i made by sending out this program . you too , will be making money in 20 to 90 days , if you follow the simple steps outlined in this mailing . to be financially independent is to be free . free to make financial decisions as never before . go into business , get into investments , retire or take a vacation . = 20 = = = = = = 20 c = dd
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313,"Subject: free software ! ! !
 
 hello - = 20 everything you need to send bulk e-mail includes registered e-mail platinum all you need for sending bulk e-mail & promoting : i have been searching for promotional tips for all my downline members . mostly , this centered around ways to promote using bulk e-mail = responsibly . i have finally come upon a site and service that provides all we need : http : / / www . ezine-info . com use id # 1363 check it out for yourself : bulk e-mail software : e-mail platinum free e - mail addresses to download-lots of ' em - fresh 100 ' 000 ' s all sorts of other tips and free software learn how to bulk e-mail if you sign-up , please use my id # 1363 it is the best i have found . if you wish to be removed from * this * mailing list , please hit reply and = type "" remove "" in = 20 the subject field ( not the body ) . our servers will automatically = remove you from our list within 24hrs ! thankyou
",1
314,"Subject: princess diana news flash princess diana princess diana princess diana princess
 
 diana princess diana princess diana * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dear princess diana fan , please forgive this intrusion into your "" privacy "" we think you "" might be "" interested in this "" limited offer "" diana , princess of wales "" commemorative stamps "" limited edition if interested , visit our web site at http : / / www . omantours . com / diana / you can have your own piece of princess diana by visiting our web site http : / / www . omantours . com / diana / or click here thank you very much for your attention and please forgive us for intruding into your privacy . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * in respect to your privacy , if you would like your address removed from our mailing list , please send a message to dianastamps @ hotmail . com and you will be removed within 48 hours . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",1
315,"Subject: how you can investigate anyone on the internet !
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * "" net-detective "" easy way to find out anything about anyone on the internet ( special 1998 business owner 's edition } dear web user : did you know that : with the internet you can uncover everything you ever wanted to know about your employees , friends , relatives , spouse , neighbors , even your own boss ! you can check out anyone , anytime , anywhere , right on the internet . . . it 's no secret that the internet is a gigantic and powerful source of information , if you only know where to look . but one of the best kept secrets in the world right now is probably the amount of personal information other people can find out about you and others - - right on the internet . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * example ! information available about you right now , with just your name and address , i can almost instantly find out what you do for a living , name and age of your spouse and children , the make and color of your car , the value of your home , ( and probably how much you paid for it ) , credit information , your employment records , family tree , military records , which web sites you visit , etc . , etc . , etc . i can even find that long forgotten drug bust you had in college . and that ' s just the beginning , but you get the idea . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * good news the good news is that now you can find the same information , and more , about almost anyone . we have compiled a massive collection of internet investigative tools that will provide you with . . . over 350 immediately accessible internet sites and urls to locate people , credit records , social security , current or past employment , mail order purchases , addresses and phone numbers . it 's mind boggling , the type and quantity of information at hand . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * your copy now , you can have your own copy of this massive source of infor - mation . here are just a few of the things you can do with it : * you can locate e-mail , telephone or address information on friends and business associates . look up unlisted phone numbers ! * check out business associates and employees . * someone owe you money ? now you can track down debtors and locate hidden assets . * you can locate old classmates , missing family members , friends , or perhaps some long lost love . * investigate your family history ! locate birth , death , and social security records . * discover how to locate military records for all branches of the service , from the civil war to the persian gulf . * verify your own credit reports so you can correct wrong infor - mation that may be used to deny you credit . * check adoption records . * use the internet to locate missing children or relatives . * have doubts about your new boyfriend ? check him ( or her ) out . put your mind at ease ! * locate legal transcripts and court orders ! check the laws in any area . * find out how much alimony your neighbor is paying . * discover employment opportunities from countries around the world ! * great for checking out prospective and existing employees . allows you to check for driving and criminal records before you hire . * discover if the fbi has a file on you ! learn how you can even acquire copies of those files . and * you ' ll even find tips to help you "" discover "" the amount of someone else 's income . just imagine being able to have all of this information at your fingertips almost instantly ! think of the many uses . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * wait , there ' s more ! you will also discover : * how you can anonymously surf the net without your boss , friends , or anyone , ever knowing . * how you can cloak your email so your personal email address can't be discovered . * how you can access nearly 800 different searh engines ; some very specialized . * how you can make phone calls through a third party so the number called does n't show on your phone bill . * where you can find a list of speed traps throughout the usa . * how you can check out the reputations of businesses world - wide , including those on the internet . * how to "" launder money "" through a foreign bank account . information on untraceable asset protection ( anonymous banking ) , and more . * where you can get security products such as recording and tracking equipment , bomb detectors and much more . * find wanted criminals - - possibly someone you know ! you can even check your own personal records ! ! you may be astounded at the information available on the internet about you , your family , and your business . there are thousands of business and personal uses for these tools . now , more than ever , every business should have a copy ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * "" net-detective "" now , you can have your own copy of net-detective ! and , you can verify your own records , or find out the information you want and need to know about others for personal and business reasons . while not all the sites are free , many are free . and , at many , you ' ll find even more links to even more site and information ! it is really amazing what you can find on the internet . it is literally a goldmine of information . * with this research kit you ' ll discover everything available and how to locate it . great for the beginner and the experienced net surfer , alike . * straightforward ! fast and easily accessible ! everything you need to maximize the resources is included . amazingly simple ! * best of all , it is there , at your finger tips when you need it . you can immediately have the peace of mind of knowing who you can trust . with "" net detective "" you can explore the hidden past of anyone ; and discover those little secrets everyone has hidden . in today 's uncertain world such information can be invaluable ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * what does it cost ? order within 48 hours and you get the entire kit of investigative tools ( approximately 35 printed pages ) at a special reduced price of just $ 25 ! ( regular price for the kit is $ 37 ) . and we will include one full year of updates , as published , at no additional charge . the material is unconditionally guaranteed to work for you . our experts spent over 1 , 000 hours researching and testing this material . and now it can be yours . just follow the instructions below , and your copy will be delivered to you by email right away . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * special free bonus order within 48 hours and we will also include , as a special free bonus , a copy of our investigative sources program . this program contains the tools and resources used by private investigators across the country and comes with its own windows / win95 interface making it quick and easy to use . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * unconditional guarantee remember , as with all of our publications , we unconditionally guarantee it works and that you will be delighted with it . you can ' t lose ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * how to order ordering is safe and easy ! you can order by fax or regular mail . ( the unconditional guarantee still applies ! ) just fill in the order form at the bottom of this page . then fax it to us at : 1-305 - 289-1884 if you order by fax , your copy of net-detective will be sent to you by email within 24 hrs . or , if you prefer , you can send your order by snail mail to the address below . ( important : be sure to include your email address for delivery . ) we will send your copy by email the same day the order is received . thank you , jean rousseau rousseau publishing group p . s . wait , there is more ! order net detective now , get your free bonus of investigative sources program , and as a second free bonus we will include a copy of crypto-vault , the latest and toughest industrial strength security encryption software available anywhere . with crypto-vault you can hide anything on your computer . easy to use . push a button and protect your files from prying eyes , so only you can see them . keeps children , spouses , friends , roommates , even bosses out of your private files . perfect for home and business . order now ! you ' ll be glad you did ! rousseau publishing group 5800 overseas hwy . , st . 35-154 marathon , fl . 33050 fax 305-289 - 1884 internet publishers since 1995 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ jb 3-21 # 5 nd fax or mail order form ( please print clearly ) fax to : rousseau publishing group 1-305 - 289-1884 or mail to : rousseau publishing group 5800 overseas hwy . , st . 35-154 marathon , fl . 33050 hi : here is my order for "" net-detective "" at $ 25 total . i under - stand it is unconditionally guaranteed and will be deliver by email . include my free double bonus copy of investigative sources - - windows / win95 and my free copy of crypto-vault encryption software ( allow seven days for delivery of crypto - vault ) . important : check one ( ) send by email asap . ( ) make me a disk and send it to me . add $ 10 to my charge for the cost . name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( very important : please double check your address and print clearly . one small error and we won't be able to deliver your order . ) mail address ( for disk ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state & zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ payment method ( check one ) _ _ _ credit card , _ _ _ check or money order enclosed . card type : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your copy of net-detective and both bonus materials will be sent to you asap . thanks again for ordering ! jean jean rousseau rousseau publishing group _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ copyright 1996-98 rousseau publishing group . "" net - detective "" is a registered trademark of rousseau publishing group . all rights reserved . form 3-21 jb - # 5 - mail - - nd * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to be removed from our list , type : zebracharlie9 @ hotmail . com in the ( to : ) area and ( remove-2m ) in the subject area of a new e - mail and send . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",1
316,"Subject: if wealthy , please ignore
 
 if you are reading this letter because of the subject , you ' ve already = 20 learned a useful and effective network marketing technique . what if i = 20 offered you hundreds of pages of in depth explanation regarding numerous = aspects of business ? what if i not only sent you the information , but = 20 the rights to resell it and keep % 100 of the profits . you are not part = 20 of a downline , and will never send me money after the initial $ 20 cost . = 20 have difficulty or simply a question and you contact me personally . to = 20 be removed from this list , please email kwilliams8 @ hotmail . com with your = email address in the subject field . = 95how to send bulk email legally and with no expense . plus free access = to = 20 a website containing 52 million email addresses , sorted and organized . = 95free internet advertising - hundreds of websites and the best = newsgroups = 20 to advertise in = 95program includes netcontact bulk email and address harvesting = software - = 20 registered . new version . = 20 = 95how to harvest email addresses of people interested in your product . = 20 target people by name , region or interests ( not just people on aol ) = 95companies who hire home based workers and pay by the hour ( no = envelope = 20 stuffing scams or payment based on sales commission ) opportunities range = from assembling models , typing , and internet surveillance to name a few . = 95colors and color combinations people find most appealing . will prove = a = 20 great help in ads . ( also explains how to send color ads ) = 95specific phrases and communication techniques that make you more = 20 effective - whether it be selling a product online , or speaking with your = boss offline the program features the above as well as dozens of other subjects . you = 20 may not be interested in all of them , just as you are may not be = 20 interested in all of the above . many internet sites charge $ 99 just for = 20 the bulk mail information of this program . with the resell rights = 20 included in the $ 20 fee you can sell any part of this program for any = 20 amount of money you like . post ads touting one part of the program to = 20 specific newsgroups who will be interested . with valuable information = 20 that applies to all aspects of business , as well as resell rights , this = 20 program is a true opportunity . currently my orders for this product = 20 hover around $ 260 a day , with only a couple hours work and minimal bulk = 20 mailings . the application of information in this program to all my other = business dealings is far more profitable . the resell rights are simply = 20 frosting on the cake . if i were a large company , i would market this = 20 through an infomercial and charge "" 3 easy payments of $ 49 . 95 . "" but as i = 20 am not , i charge only $ 20 . i hope this letter makes it through all of = 20 the 's pam ' in your box , and is taken seriously , and i hope to hear from = 20 you soon . make checks and money orders out to hyperreal hyperreal box 136 2051 richmond rd . , suite 125 lexington , ky 40502 please send me the complete information package , including resell rights = via first class mail . enclosed is the $ 20 cost . name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
",1
317,"Subject: overworked and underpaid ?
 
 are you over worked and under paid ? well now you can relax . . . . . . . and let your computer go to work for you ! it can make you $ everal thou $ and dollar $ a month ! what will you do 2 years 5 years or 10 years down the road and find yourself in the same dead end job . you can put a work force to work for you 24 hours a day 7 days a week . here is a quote that really inspired me . i ' m sure you will recognize the author . "" optimism is the faith that leads to achievement . nothing can be done without hope and confidence . "" by helen keller . these are essential elements for success . there is another element that you need to succeed . that is "" knowledge "" or "" information "" . . . . . . . . . and that is what i have for you . . . . . . . . you get over 90 step by step reports on how to start your own business and how to market it . in these reports you have several businesses to choose from . you will also get 47 reports titled businesses to success . you will find so many ways to make money here . i ' ll even give you another 74 reports titled success strategies . more step by step information on making a lot of money . such as "" sure - fire methods of raising instant cash "" if you order today i ' ll even give you another 28 reports titled computers and the internet . these are great because you will learn step by step instructions on how to make money with your computer . all of these reports are royalty free . . . . . . . you can copy all of them and re-sell every one of them . each of these 240 reports can be sold for between $ 5 and $ 10 apiece . . . . . that 's $ 1200 to $ 2400 for all of them . or you can sell them in a bundle like this . i normally sell all of these reports together for $ 99 . 00 but you can purchase them today for only $ 19 . 50 thats not all . . . . . . . . i ' m also going to show you how to get a free web site . . . . . . . . that 's right free ! ! ! that ' s still not all . . . . . . . if you order today i will also send you one million e-mail addresses to get started with . . . . . . to do your own advertising . i wish you the best that life has to offer . a secure financial future is within your grasp ! so please do n't put this off . . . . . . order today ! ! ! it 's easy just click on this link to view all 240 reports and to place your order . order here as soon as your credit card clears i will process your order by sending all 240 reports , the information on how to get a free web site and one million e-mail addresses to you by e-mail . . . . . so do n't forget to type in your e-mail address in the order form . i look forward to your response . if you do not wish to recieve additional information on this outstanding business opportunity or any other information in the future , please accept my apologies , disregard this message and please click on remove by submitting your e-mail address here you will be taken off of my mailing list . thank you for your understanding and cooperation .
",1
318,"Subject: become an a + certified pc technicia
 
 the bureau of labor and statistics estimates that from 1994 to 2005 , = computer related employment will jump by 60 % nationally . that increase = will mean a shortage of skilled personnel for the fast - growing , high - = tech industries . recent reports on the news confirms this shortage . so , = whether you ' re a seasoned information specialist or considering a new = career , "" a plus "" certification is the benchmark and your ticket into the = information age . becoming a + certified brings you to the threshold of an = industry that is poised to skyrocket over the next 3 - 11 years . "" a plus certification "" is a non - vendor ( i . e . novell , microsoft ) = specific certification that verifies the competency of a computer repair = professional there are two exams to take : first , hardware ( motherboards , ram , chips , = etc . ) then , the os specialty . ( mac or dos / win ) upon completion you will be able to earn far higher wage $ than those who = are not a + certified . = 20 our goal , at mountain micro , is to help you step through the door of the = information age as a confident , qualified and certified i . t . = professional with greater leverage in your career . the a + certification course comes with a 300 page text , two ( 2 ) cbt = cd-rom 's , and the checkit diagnostic software . the regular price is = $ 399 . 95 . mention this ad and get $ 100 . 00 off ! ! ! ! ! ! so order now . . . we will accept your order in three different ways : phone , email or snail mail 1 - phone : call our order line now ! ! ! 888 . 448 . 6273 - toll free 2-email : send the following order form to : sales @ mountainmicro . com be sure to put "" order "" in the subject . or 3 - snail mail : print out the following form and mail to : mountain micro p . o . box 1375 attn : education division coventry , ri 02816 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cut here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - [ [ [ do not remove this code - - > b . e . - 2112a + ) ] ] ] name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip \ country code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please circle metod of payment . check money order credit card if paying by credit card please circle type of card . visa m / c am ex discover credit card # : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp date : _ _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total amount included : us $ 299 . 95 ( add $ 10 . 00 for s , h , & insurance within the usa and $ 20 . 00 otherwise ) make checks payable to : mountain micro . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cut here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * our research indicates that this information may be of interest to you . if you have received this by mistake please send an email to the address listed below with "" remove "" in the subject . your = 20 name will be removed from our database . remove @ mountainmicro . com thank you . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * we also carry a complete line of mcse and novell certification = courseware . = 20 = 20
",1
319,"Subject: fancy a flutter ? here 's atip
 
 for thursday 26th march for the best racing tip of the day phone 0897-555293 after 1 . 30pm . do n't believe me , try it , all you will risk is a 50p phone call but you could gain a very entertaining additional source of income . fact ! the information recorded on this telephone number on most race days has consistently produced winning bets at a hit rate of 60 . 7 % . fact ! a # 500 betting bank in march 1997 would now be worth # 7 , 719 if you had followed my simple betting process involving just two telephone calls a day . if you would like free details of my plan , leave your name and address at the end of the call and i will be happy to send you full = 20 instructions . calls charged per second only at 42p for 25 seconds . note : please do n't phone me before 1 . 30pm as you will waste your call a = 02
",1
320,"Subject: ! find out anything about anyone on the internet !
 
 * * * * * * * "" net-detective "" = 20 easy way to find out anything = 20 about anyone on the internet ( special 1998 business owner 's edition } = 20 = 20 click here to go to = the net - detective web page ! dear web user : did you know that : with the internet you can uncover everything you ever wanted to know about your employees , friends , relatives , spouse , neighbors , even your own boss ! you can check out anyone , anytime , anywhere , right on the internet . . . it 's no secret that the internet is a gigantic and powerful source of information , if you only know where to look . = 20 but one of the best kept secrets in the world right now is probably the amount of personal information other people can find out about you and others - - right on the internet . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * example ! information available about you right now , with just your name and address , i can almost instantly find out what you do for a living , name and age of your spouse and children , = the make and color of your car , the value of your home , ( and probably how = much you paid for it ) , credit information , your employment records , family tree , military records , which web sites you visit , etc . , etc . , etc . i = can even find that long forgotten drug bust you had in college . and that ' s just the beginning , but you get the idea . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * good news the good news is that now you can find the same information , and more , about almost anyone . we have compiled a massive collection of internet investigative tools that will provide you with . . . over 300 immediately accessible internet sites and urls to locate people , credit records , social security , current or past employment , mail order purchases , addresses and phone numbers . = 20 it 's mind boggling , the type and quantity of information at hand . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = 20 = 20 your copy now , you can have your own copy of this massive source of information . here are just a few of the things you can do with it : = 20 * you can locate e-mail , telephone or address information on friends and business associates . look up unlisted phone numbers ! * check out business associates and employees . = 09 * someone owe you money ? now you can track down debtors and locate = hidden assets . * you can locate old classmates , missing family members , friends , or perhaps some long lost love . = 20 = 20 * investigate your family history ! locate birth , death , and social security records . = 20 * discover how to locate military records for all branches of the = service , from the civil war to the persian gulf . = 20 * verify your own credit reports so you can correct wrong information that may be used to deny you credit . = 20 * check adoption records . = 20 * use the internet to locate missing children or relatives . * have doubts about your new boyfriend ? check him ( or her ) out . = 20 put your mind at ease ! * locate legal transcripts and court orders ! check the laws in any area . * find out how much alimony your neighbor is paying . * discover employment opportunities from countries around the world ! * great for checking out prospective and existing employees . allows you = to check for driving and criminal records before you hire . * discover if the fbi has a file on you ! learn how you can even acquire copies of those files . = 20 and * you ' ll even find tips to help you "" discover "" the amount of someone else 's income . just imagine being able to have all of this information at your = fingertips almost instantly ! think of the many uses . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * wait , there ' s more ! you will also discover : * how you can anonymously surf the net without your boss , friends , = or = 20 anyone , ever knowing . * how you can cloak your email so your personal email address can't = be discovered . * how you can access nearly 800 different search engines ; some very = specialized . * how you can make phone calls through a third party so the number = called does n't show on your phone bill . * where you can find a list of speed traps throughout the usa . * how you can check out the reputations of businesses worldwide , including = 20 those on the internet . = 20 * how you can set up a foreign bank account . information on untraceable asset protection ( anonymous banking ) , and = more . = 20 * where you can get security products such as recording and = 20 tracking equipment , bomb detectors and much more . * find wanted criminals - - possibly someone you know ! = 20 you can even check your own personal records ! ! you may be astounded at = the information available on the internet about you , your family , and your business . there are thousands of business and personal uses for these tools . now , more than ever , every business should have a copy ! = 20 = 20 = 20 = 20 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * "" net-detective "" = 20 now , you can have your own copy of net-detective ! and , you can verify your own records , or find out the information you = want and need to know about others for personal and business reasons . while not all the sites are free , many are free . and , at many , you ' ll = find even more links to even more site and information ! it is really amazing what you can find on the internet . it is literally = a goldmine of information . = 20 * with this research kit you ' ll discover everything available and how to locate it . great for the beginner and the experienced net surfer , alike . * straightforward ! fast and easily accessible ! everything you need to maximize the resources is included . amazingly simple ! * best of all , it is there , at your finger tips when you need it . you = can = 20 immediately have the peace of mind of knowing who you can trust . = with "" net detective "" you can explore the hidden past of anyone ; and = discover those = 20 little secrets everyone has hidden . in today 's uncertain world such information can be invaluable ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * what does it cost ? order within 48 hours and you get the entire kit of investigative = 20 tools ( approximately 35 printed pages ) at a special reduced price of just $ 25 ! ( regular price for the kit is $ 37 ) . and we will include one full year of updates , as published , at no additional charge . = 20 the material is unconditionally guaranteed to work for you . our experts spent over 1 , 000 hours researching and testing this material . and now = it can be yours . just follow the instructions below , and your copy will be delivered to you by email right away . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * special free bonus order within 48 hours and we will also include , as a special free = bonus , a copy of our investigative sources program . = 20 this program contains the tools and resources used by private = investigators across the country and comes with its own windows / win95 interface making = it quick and easy to use . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * unconditional guarantee remember , as with all of our publications , we unconditionally guarantee it works and that you will be delighted with it . you can ' t lose ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * how to order = 20 ordering is safe and easy ! for more information , or to receive this = 20 35 page report and your bonus materials by email just go to our instant-delivery secure order form at : = 20 = 20 click here to go to = the net - detective web page ! = 20 special note : if you are busy and do n't have time to go to our web = 20 site instant-delivery order form , you can order by fax . ( the = unconditional guarantee still applies ! ) = 20 just fill in the fax form at the bottom of this page . then fax it to = 20 us at : 1-305 - 289-1884 if you order by fax , your copy of net detective will be sent to you by email within 24 hrs . or , if you prefer , you can send your order by snail mail to the address below . ( be sure to include your email address for delivery . ) we will = send your copy by email the same day the order is received . thank you , brian leeds , = 20 leeds publishing = 20 p . s . wait , there is more ! order net detective now , get your free copy of investigative sources program , and as a second free bonus we will include a copy of crypto-vault , the latest and toughest industrial strength security encryption software available anywhere . = 20 with crypto-vault you can hide anything on your computer . easy to use . = push a = 20 button and protect your files from prying eyes , so only you can see = 20 them . keeps children , spouses , friends , roommates , even bosses out of your private files . perfect for home and business . = 20 order now ! you ' ll be glad you did ! click here to go to = the net - detective web page ! = 20 leeds publishing = 20 5800 overseas hwy . , st . 35-154 marathon , fl . 33050 fax 305-289 - 1884 internet publishers since 1995 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ eol 2 - 2 nd fax or mail = 20 order form ( please print clearly ) important ( material is sent by email ) fax to : leeds publishing = 20 1-305 - 289-1884 or mail to : leeds publishing = 20 5800 overseas hwy . , st . 35-154 marathon , fl . 33050 hi : here is my order for "" net-detective 1998 edition "" at $ 25 total . i understand it is unconditionally guaranteed and will be deliver by email . include = my free = 20 double bonus copy of investigative sources - - windows / win95 and my free = copy of = 20 crypto-vault encryption software ( allow seven days for delivery of crypto - vault ) . = 20 = 20 send by email asap . date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( very important : please double check your address and print clearly in block letters . one small error and we won't be able to deliver your = order . ) = 20 payment method ( check one ) _ _ _ credit card , _ _ _ check or money order enclosed . = 20 card type : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your copy of net-detective and both bonus materials will be sent to you by email asap . thanks again for ordering ! brian leeds leeds publishing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ copyright 1996 , 1997 , 1998 leeds publishing . "" net - detective "" is a registered trademark of leeds publishing . all rights reserved . form 2 - 2 eol - - nd
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321,"Subject: $ 55 , 550 - - no hard work - - do n't pass it by this time !
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * you were selected to receive this email because of inquires and postings that show you may have an interest in this subject content . it is not = our intention to incovenience anyone . if this opportunity has reached you = in error , please forgive us and send a reply with "" remove "" in the subject = area . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * dear fellow entrepreneur , i never thought i 'd be the one telling you this . . . i actually read a piece of e - mail & i ' m going to europe on the proceeds ! hello ! my name is vic liddell ; i ' m a 35 - year-old father , husband , former = appliance repairman , and now , a successful full-time entrepreneur . as a rule , i delete all unsolicited "" junk "" e-mail and use my account primarily for business . i received what i assumed was this same e-mail countless = times and deleted it each time . about two months ago i received it again and , because of the catchy subject line , i finally read it . afterwards , i thought , "" ok , i give = in , i ' m going to try this . i can certainly afford to invest $ 20 and , on the = other hand , there 's nothing wrong with creating a little excess cash . "" i = promptly mailed four $ 5 bills and , after receiving the reports , sent out some = e-mail advertisements . after reading the reports , i also learned how easy it = is to bulk e-mail for free ! i was not prepared for the results . everyday for the last six weeks , my mailbox has been overflowing with $ 5 bills ; many days the excess fills = up an extra mail bin and i ' ve had to upgrade to a corporate-size mailbox ! i = am stunned by all the cash that keeps rolling in ! my wife and i have been saving for several years to make a substantial downpayment on a house . now , not only are we purchasing a house on the beach in malibu , california , with 50 % down , but we ' re going to venice , = italy to celebrate ! i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be = prepared to eventually set aside about an hour each day to follow up ( and count = your money ! ) , you will make at least as much money as we did . you do n't need to be a wiz at the computer , but i ' ll bet you already are . if you can = open an envelope , remove the money , and send an e-mail message , then you ' re = on your way to the bank . take the time to read this so you ' ll understand = how easy it is . if i can do this , so can you ! go for it now ! vic liddell the following is a copy of the e-mail i read : $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , low-cost , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then get started today ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its = ability to generate large amounts of cash . this program is showing fantastic = appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best = of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go to = the bank ! this truly is that lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow = the easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams will come = true ! when followed correctly , this electronic , multi-level marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % of the time ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , cars , etc . , - even retire ! this is your chance , so read on and get started today ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - overview of this extraordinary electronic multi-level marketing program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - basically , this is what we do : we send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level businesses , we = build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new multi - level business online ( via = your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive via "" snail mail "" = will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they ordered . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s = it ! the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest electronic multi-level = marketing business anywhere ! follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to reap the = staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if = you do n't order them ) . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your name & return address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose name appears on the list next to the report . make sure your return address is on your envelope in case of any mail problems ! * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can = save them on your computer and resell them . * within a few days you will receive , via e-mail , each of the four reports . save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in steps "" a "" through "" f "" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will = not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , take this advertisement and remove the name and address under report # 4 . this person = has made it through the cycle and is no doubt counting their 50 = grand ! c . move the name and address under report # 3 down to report # 4 . d . move the name and address under report # 2 down to report # 3 . e . move the name and address under report # 1 down to report # 2 . f . insert your name / address in the report # 1 position . please make sure you copy every name and address accurately ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this letter . 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the internet ! advertising on the ' net is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . another avenue which you could use for advertising is e-mail lists . you can buy these lists for under $ 20 / 2 , 000 addresses or you can pay someone a minimal charge to take care of it for you . be sure to start your ad campaign immediately ! 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash ( u . s . currency ) for each report checks not accepted - always send your order via first class mail - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets of paper - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and ( c ) your name & postal address . place your order for these reports now : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 "" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales "" order report # 1 from : l . v . e - service p . o . box 9636 canoga park , ca 91309 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 "" major corporations and multi-level sales "" order report # 2 from : e . h . enterprises 3280 sw 170th ave ste # 1913 beaverton , or . , 97006 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 "" sources for the best mailing lists "" order report # 3 from : a . s . & associates 94-1050 kahimoe pl . # 103 waipahu , hi . , 96797 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 "" evaluating multi-level sales plans "" order report # 4 from : j . s . inc pob 3353 austin , tx 78764 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only = 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they = got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think = about it ! your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and = e-mail is free ! report # 3 shows you the most productive methods for bulk e-mailing and purchasing e-mail lists . some list & bulk e-mail vendors even work on trade ! about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which state that "" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . "" * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , your results will be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guidelines * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you = should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it = won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that = it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , = with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good = money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving "" junk = mail . "" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population = and percentages involved . i "" knew "" it would n't work . doris totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless = fun of her , and was ready to lay the old "" i told you so "" on her when the = thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had = received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i have joined doris in her "" hobby . "" i did = have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the "" rat race "" and = it 's not for me . we owe it all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md i just want to pass along my best wishes and encouragement to you . any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . i even checked with the u . s . post office to verify that the plan was legal . it definitely is ! it works ! ! ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large = amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i = checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided = that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i surprised when i found my medium-size post office box crammed with = orders ! for awhile , it got so overloaded that i had to start picking up my mail = at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't matter where = in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea = who to contact to get another copy , so i had to wait until i was e-mailed = another program . . . 11 months passed then it came . . . i did n't delete this one ! . . . i = made more than $ 41 , 000 on the first try ! ! d . wilburn , muncie , in this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on = our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you = do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! now is the time for your turn decisive action yields powerful results
",1
322,"Subject: free hot adult site password !
 
 you have been selected to receive a free password to the hottest and largest adult site on the internet for 1 week free access . get free full length pam anderson xxx honeymoon video . we feature a fully indexed thumbnail gallery , 1000 's of real time movies , monthly e - zine , and multi live hardcore sex shows . that ' s right . . . totally 100 percent free ! get your password by - clicking here
",1
323,"Subject: a personal message . . . . .
 
 we placed an ad in one small area of the internet . and when the dust started to settle we had over six thousand responses in ten days . ( success concepts ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - for immediate release : denver , december 2 , 1997 colorado marketing firm shares money generating trade secrets on the internet ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hello , my name is shannon johnson . i am ceo of success concepts in fort collins colorado . i have to tell you that i am really angry and = upset about what is going on here on the internet . we at success concepts are so angry , in fact , that we decided to do something about it . read = on and you ' ll see . for three years i have lead my marketing firm in sales campaigns on the internet and the other large online services which have yielded outstanding results ! we are now sharing the information we have gained over the last several years with other people who are desperately trying to figure out how to make a substantial income from their home computers . do you know what it 's like to turn your computer on in the morning to find an email box full of orders for your product . . . . . where it takes = over an hour to sift through just the credit card orders alone ? we do ! do you know what it 's like to have the postman bring you a bag full of orders for products you have marketed on the internet , and then hear him complain about all the mail you get ? we do ! do you know what it 's like to place a simple ad into a newsgoup or classified section on the internet and have your order department 's phone ring off the hook with people who want to buy your product . we do ! have you ever placed just one advertisement on the ineternet and when the dust settled ten days later had over 6 , 000 responses by phone , fax , mail , and email ? well . . . . we did in january of this year ! have you ever tried to market something simple on the internet , only to have weeks or months of toil and effort result in only a few sales , if any ? well . . . . that 's happened to us too . but not since we learned the = secrets ! ! ! you see , we found the "" secrets "" to marketing just about anything on the internet . and it is really quite simple , once you know them . imagine this . you decide to make a second , or even a primary income from the internet . so , you put up a web site , get a mess of email follow-up letters ready , put your web site in several hundred search engines ( people gotta find your page . . . right ) , get in the news - groups and advertise your site , and drop hundreds of classified ads all over the net . there ya go . . . . . now you are going to rake in the = cash ! two weeks later you have one sale and you are telling your spouse and your friends that "" this will take time ! "" four months later you ' ve made just enough to pay for your web space and your friends do n't listen to you anymore . they consider you an "" internet marketer wanna be "" . sound familiar ! we are not trying to rub salt in your wounds . what we are trying to do is let you in on the truth about doing business from your home on the internet . let 's face it . the vast majority of people who are trying to earn a living on the internet are starving ! ! ! that 's right ! they do n't have a clue of what to do first , second , third or fourth ! = and even if they do have a clue they have been lead down the garden path with dreams and silly techniques which do n't work and are breaking the hearts of thousands of people who are just trying to make a living from their home computers . that is what we are so upset about at success concepts ! but , it does n't have to be that way ! people do n't have to really fail = at making a good income on the internet . and it really does n't have to take months or even years to learn how to do it . not if you have the right guide to show you what to do , and when to do it . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) is the name of our informative guide to generating orders , money , cash , on the net . it was written with the "" average "" netrepreneur in mind , in plain english , with straight to the point "" how to "" and "" why do you do "" phraseology . in . . . . . . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) we expose all the traps we fell into in our first year of internet = marketing , but stay away from now . we expose the lies and half truths which people have fallen for in the past . we expose the secrets which most of the successful internet marketers really don ' t want you to know ! because , when you know the secrets you will be off and running in . . . that 's right . . . . . . their backyard . . . . the cyberspace marketplace ! there is room for a lot more of us ! there are millions of people on the internet . and there are millions of more people on the way here . the pie which will be cut up is so huge that several hundred more people who know what they are doing will not even make a dent in our income level . it will just be a drop in the bucket so to speak . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) will expose the ineternet for what it really is , the marketplace which can provide you with a steady income . it will literally show you what to do first , second , third , fourth , and so on . you are about to discover exactly what makes the difference between the "" internet success stories , "" and the obscure "" web marketing = failures . "" this guide will give you all the details , the tools , the ideas , and the resources to help you make all of your internet dreams come true . . . finally , the truth is revealed ! find out the secrets that some of the wealthiest internet marketers are using to propel their sales through = the cyberspace roof . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) will show you : * * how to use newsgroups to your advantage . the tricks ! just placing a few ads just won't do it for you ! * * how to use a sig file to get more orders . they look simple , but if you write your sig correctly it can be a gold mine to you . we generate thousands just from our sigs ! * * how to place your web page at the top of the search engines . if you do n't get close to the top you can forget many hits ! * * how to maximize your web sales using a professional looking web page ( that you can build all by yourself ) . * * all about follow-ups and how to do them using email . a very simple technique which can mean rapidly increasing volume to you . this technique is used by some of the top internet marketers . * * how to effectively build mailing lists on the internet . without lists your business will probably perish ! * * special coding techniques which can make your marketing efforts amaze even the most die hard skeptics * * where and how to place thousands of free classified ads . what to say in them , and what to expect when you place them . * * what products you should or should n't market for quick results * * how to use testimonials . . . * * the importance of tracking your marketing results . * * the importance of a "" back-end "" . * * a step by step guide to get you started immediately ! * * and much , much more . . . here is what some people who turned their internet marketing results from failure to success have to say about "" the guide "" : i thought all i had to do was place some classified ads on the net for my flame retarding spray . every night after work i would place a few ads and answer some questions in email . i never made much money at all . then i read the guide and everything turned around ! i ' m looking at leaving my job now . and their newsletter keeps me up to date with all the new things i need to know to keep on track with my business . bill j . st . louis , mo i started internet marketing in the chat rooms on aol . what a joke that was ! nobody ever told me it would take so long to make any money that way . then i read the ' the guide . "" the chat rooms , internet newsgroups , web sites , and email all make me money now . and it was n't all that hard either . i just did n't know the secrets before . but i do now ! ! ! the internet is huge , and i ' ve just started getting my share ! ann w . houston , tx the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) is usually only offered to our marketing clients . with all the garbage we have seen on the internet in the past few months we have decided to offer "" the guide "" to everyone reading this advertisement . our = clients have paid $ 99 . 95 for "" the guide "" and have felt that it was a real = bargain for that price . "" the guide "" has now gone into it second edition and we feel that we should open it up to just about anyone 's financial = budget . at least for a limited time . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) is being offered to you , for a limited time , for only $ 24 . 95 ! ! ! that 's correct ! that 's a full $ 75 off the regular price . once 200 more or so orders have been placed at this price we will take "" the guide "" off of the sale counter and move the price back to $ 99 . 95 . but , why offer this for such a deep discount ? it 's simple . success concepts feels that the time is right for this information to become more = available on the net . but we are n't marketing fools either . the guide holds a copyright , and will only be offered at this very deeply discounted price for a very limited time . ( there is some joker on the net who is trying to sell less information without our two bonus offers to follow for $ 395 . 00 . that is = ridiculous ! ! ! ) first bonus offer : if you order within the next 3 days we will include : * * bulk email secrets . . . this information could save you = 20 hundreds of dollars in mailing costs , and more importantly it could keep you from losing your isp . you ' ll get the details on how to : - - use bulk email to explode your profits - - prevent losing your dialup account - - find the right product ( s ) to market by bulk email . - - find the correct software to use . you will also learn : - - where to find reliable bulk email servers . - - where to purchase the very best email software on the market today . - - and much , much more . plus ! ! ! * * free access to our private download site . here you will find hundreds of free informative reports to use or sell on the internet . you will find helpful programs that we use to make our marketing efforts more effective . you will also find 25 , 000 email names , free for you to download to help you get started . these are fresh names that you can use to market your business . these names are changed weekly and you can download as often as you like . once again all of this is yours for only $ 24 . 95 , plus $ 5 . 00 s&h . . . . so order now ! second bonus offer : not many people want to do this internet marketing thing alone . now you won't have to . those who order "" the guide "" by december 5 will be placed on our very select "" the guide electronic newsletter "" where you will receive the latest tricks and "" how tos "" in internet marketing . tricks which the big boys find out about first . now you = will be right in line to find them out quickly , so you can capture the = market . * * * our better than risk-free guarantee ! ! ! * * * order the book today and receive the two bonuses absolutely free . . . read over the book , follow the step by step guide , = 20 contact the resources listed , and if for any reason you are = 20 not fully satisfied with the book you can return it within 30 days for a full refund , and you get to keep the bulk email report , and email names from the free download site . = 20 it 's easy to do , so order today and take advantage of this better than risk-free offer before "" the guide "" is moved back to the regular price . for a 3 minute recorded audio presentation call : 1-800 - 942-9304 ext . 20340 so order now . . . we will accept your order in three different ways : phone , email , or postal mail phone : call our order line toll free : 1-619 - 561-2731 ext . 1204 9 : 00am to 9 : 00pm pacific time ( this is an order line only . they will take credit cards and checks on this line . ) or email : complete the following form ( credit card orders ) and email to : success @ sparrow . spearhead . net make sure that your subject heading is "" dreams order "" or postal mail : print out the following form and mail to : success concepts dept . 1010 - c po box 272476 ft . collins , co 80527 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cut here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ yes , i am tired of broken dreams . . . i am ordering "" the guide "" well within the allotted time period and would like both the bulk email = report and the private download site bonuses . plus i want to be placed on your very select mailing list for "" the guide electronic = newsletter "" . . . . . all for only $ 24 . 95 + $ 5 s&h . _ _ i did not order within 3 days but would still like to take advantage = of your the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) for only $ 24 . 95 + $ 5 s&h and be placed on your very select mailing list for "" the guide electronic newsletter "" - - - - [ [ [ do not remove this code - - > ( ep - 4 ) ] ] ] name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip \ country code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please circle mode of payment . check money order credit card if paying by credit card please circle type of card . visa m / c am ex discover credit card # : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp date : _ _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total amount included : $ 29 . 95 add $ 15 for overnight delivery . add $ 5 for canadian orders . add $ 10 for internation orders . make checks payable to : success concepts . send to : success concepts dept . 1010 - c po box 272476 ft . collins , co 80527 code : ep - 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cut here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - success concepts trying does n't always work on the net . find out why "" the guide "" works . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / our research indicates this information may be of interest to you , if = you have been sent this message in error or you wish to be removed from = this advertiser 's future mailings , please reply with the subject = "" remove "" and this software will automatically block you from their = future mailings . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / /
",1
324,"Subject: sci - fi convention
 
 hi , i was asked to pass this on as you might be interested . the large infinity convention in cardiff in july has now confirmed their star wars , dr . who and star trek guests - it looks to be one of the largest events that part of the uk has seen for some time , and great fun . their site is at http : / / www . cf . ac . uk / ccin / main / ents / sffc / infinity . html and is in aid of children 's cancer . the guests include dave prowse ( darth vader ) , colin baker ( 6th dr . who ) , ed bishop ( cmdr . straker ufo ) , authors diane duane and peter morewood and many more . ideal for the family or with friends . regards , mike
",1
325,"Subject: bulletproof web hosting . . . only $ 50 per month .
 
 fresh aol addresses just extracted last week ! 1 , 000 , 000 . . . . . . $ 20 2 , 000 , 000 . . . . . . $ 35 3 , 000 , 000 . . . . . . $ 50 10 , 000 , 000 . . . . . $ 100 all addresses have been filtered through a 50 + million global remove = list . also available . . . bulletproof web hosting . . . only $ 50 per month . bulk email service . . . we ' ll send your ad to 20 , 000 for only $ 10 just click here ! please note , the lists available are aprox . 70 % aol . other domains are = also in the lists .
",1
326,"Subject: hello there . .
 
 this really is a blast . with all these movies coming out about = virtual reality , it 's amazing to actually have an * adult * virtual reality = program like this for your own computer . the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial = intelligence programs for your ibm pc or compatible and also for macintosh . you = 20 can watch them , talk to them , ask them questions , tell them secrets , and = relate with them . watch them as you ask them to take off different = clothes and guide them through many different activities . watch and participate = in the hottest sexual activities available on computer , including : = several sexual positions , using many unique toys , even bringing in multiple = partners . this is no doubt one of the most realistic , sexually stimulating = computer games available . they will remember your name , birthday , your likes and = your dislikes . every time you start the program , they say different = things , = 20 and act differently . each time , they have a different personality . with = the = 20 vga digital graphics , the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend = software = 20 have some of the hottest , sexiest graphics out there . you can actually = 20 hear their voice as they talk to you . this is the first adult software = title that was designed for both heterosexual and homosexual people . we would like you to try the actual full copy out before it is put on the = market this spring . it will be sold for 1 / 7 of the actual price ( only $ 9 . 99 ) = until we can get back some information on what people think of the program before it hits the stores . please give it a try and write back any comments . thank you . virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial = intelligence = 20 programs , meaning they are completely interactive . it would be just = like = 20 if you were talking to someone . you can actually have simple = 20 conversations . their attitudes change with the different things you = say , = 20 so you can say things that will upset them , and then say things that = will = 20 please them . the more you play / talk with them , the more you learn what = 20 they can do , and what they like to do . it 's easy to install and = instructions are easy to follow . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ special offer ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * get two more new and exciting adult games for an additional = $ 16 . 99 * ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ here are two of the best adult games ever ! ! this is to inform you about the new adult game that vcs magazine rated "" the best game of "" 97 "" and gave an "" outstanding * * * * "" ( 4 stars ) . "" the search for paradise is no doubt one of the greatest xxx adult games = available "" . the first game where it is as much fun as it is a turn on ! travel the world to every continent , every country you can think of , and = meet some of the most beautiful women in existence . these women will treat = 20 you like a king and obey your every command . any sexual wish you can = 20 think of , these women know it all . there is a certain paradise for = every guy out there , and this game will have them all . this game uses real = 20 models , digital video , and digital sound to make it as realistic as = possible . you will feel like you ' re in the same room as the girl you ' re talking = to ! ! ! the last adult game we are going to inform you about is the newly released "" club celebrity x "" . imagine being in a club with some very = 20 beautiful , well known , actual celebrities that with skill , will be = making = 20 you breakfast in bed the next day . these girls you have seen on = television , magazines , and billboard ads , and now they are on your computer , begging for action . each girl you will recognize and you won't believe your = eyes = 20 when you got them in your own bedroom . this game is hot , and once you start playing , you won't be able to stop . = 20 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( limited time only ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) t00 h0t collection ! ! for virtual girlfriend . . . . these were too sexually graphic to include along with vg and vb . full of video clips and pictures that = will put you = 20 in control of some of the most attractive & sexually arousing models = ever put = 20 in one collection . you must be 18 or over to purchase . = 20 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = 20 * required : 386 or better , 4 meg ram or better , windows 3 . 1 or higher = 20 ( win95 is fine ) , sound card or cd - rom are optional . games are given = 20 either on cd - rom or compressed 3 . 5 "" diskettes . required is vga = graphics , = 20 and a hard drive . macintosh requires at least 4 meg of ram . they will = run = 20 on any ibm or macintosh compatible . if you are interested and would = 20 like to order a copy , then you can read the mailing instructions below . = games come in an unmarked package and are sent out at most 4 days = 20 after the order is received . you are not put on any mailing lists whatsoever , guaranteed . ~ at your request , the programs can come with a password protection utility that only allows the program to run when = the correct password is entered . ~ to order , please send to : = 20 c&m promotions 6185 magnolia ave . suite # 360 riverside ca , 92506 phone # 1-888 - 341-1643 = 20 = 20 please fill out the following form and mail it to the address = above . = 20 ( feel free to write out the order form by hand , if you = wish ) . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( cut here ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ send to : c&m promotions 6185 magnolia ave . # 360 riverside ca , 92506 your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ zip code _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phones : home _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do you use a ? ibm _ _ macintosh _ _ would you like ? 3 . 5 disks _ _ cd rom _ _ = 20 = 20 ( ) virtual girlfriend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ = 9 . 99 ( ) virtual boyfriend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 8 . = 99 ( ) both virtual girlfriend and boyfriend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 14 . 99 ( ) the search for paradise & club celebrity = x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 16 . 99 ( ) too hot for vg & vb collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 17 . 99 ( ) everything ! ! ! the search for paradise , club celebrity x = 20 and virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 21 . 99 * ( ) everything plus + the search for paradise , club celebrity x = 20 and virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend and = 20 the too hot for vg & vb collection = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 34 . 99 * * = s&h . . . . . . . $ free ! ! * money order or check * amount enclosed ? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ please indicate year of birth _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sign . . ( signature required for too hot ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ code : 3785
",1
327,"Subject: fancy a flutter ? here 's a tip ! !
 
 = 20 we tipped you winners all last week ! ! ! ! do n't miss yet another winner ! ! = 20 * * * * just phone 0897-555293 * * * * = 20 you will get the best tip of the day = 20 leave me your name and number and i would also be happy to send you my information pack on how you can use this sevice to create a very entertaining source of addittional income . = 20 fact ! the information supplied by this service has consitantly = 20 fact ! produced winners . = 20 = 20 = 20 why always wonder - fly it once and you ' ll know ! ! = 20 = 20 = 20 calls to 0897-555293 are charged at = a31 . 00 per minute at all times . average call times 1 minute . remove list : if you do not want to receive further messages send an = 20 email to leggit @ mailcity . com with remove in the subject = line .
",1
328,"Subject: get out of debt fast ! - ukjx
 
 > dear fellow entrepreneur , > > i never thought i 'd be the one telling you this . . . > > i actually read a piece of e - mail & i ' m going to europe on the = proceeds ! > > hello ! > > my name is karen liddell ; i ' m a 35 - year-old mom , wife , and part-time > accountant . as a rule , i delete all unsolicited "" junk "" e-mail and use = my > account primarily for business . i received what i assumed was this = same e - > mail countless times and deleted it each time . > > about two months ago i received it again and , because of the catchy = subject > line , i finally read it . afterwards , i thought , "" ok , i give in , i ' m = going > to try this . i can certainly afford to invest $ 20 and , on the other = hand , > there 's nothing wrong with creating a little excess cash . "" i promptly = mailed > four $ 5 bills and , after receiving the reports , paid a friend of mine a = small > fee to send out some e-mail advertisements for me . after reading the = reports , > i also learned how easy it is to bulk e-mail for free ! = 20 > > i was not prepared for the results . everyday for the last six weeks , = my p . o . > box has been overflowing with $ 5 bills ; many days the excess fills up = an extra > mail bin and i ' ve had to upgrade to the corporate-size box ! i am = stunned by > all the cash that keeps rolling in ! > > my husband and i have been saving for several years to make a = substantial > downpayment on a house . now , not only are we purchasing a house with = 40 % > down , we ' re going to venice , italy to celebrate ! > > i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be = prepared to > eventually set aside about an hour each day to follow up ( and count = your > money ! ) , you will make at least as much money as we did . you do n't = need to be > a wiz at the computer , but i ' ll bet you already are . if you can open = an > envelope , remove the money , and send an e-mail message , then you ' re on = your > way to the bank . take the time to read this so you ' ll understand how = easy it > is . if i can do this , so can you ! > > go for it now ! > > karen liddell > > the following is a copy of the e-mail i read : > > $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ > > this is a legal , low-cost , money-making phenomenon . > > print this letter , read the directions , then get started today ! > > you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you = may ever > see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its ability to = generate > large amounts of cash . this program is showing fantastic appeal with a = huge > and ever-growing on-line population desirous of additional income . > > this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not = require > you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , = you > never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go to the = bank ! > > this truly is that lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow = the > easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams will come = true ! > when followed correctly , this electronic , multi-level marketing program = works > perfectly . . . 100 % of the time ! > > thousands of people have used this program to : > > - raise capital to start their own business > - pay off debts > - buy homes , cars , etc . , > - even retire ! > > this is your chance , so read on and get started today ! > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - > - - - - > overview of this extraordinary = 20 > electronic multi-level marketing program > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - > - - - - > > basically , this is what we do : > > we send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to = nothing to > produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level businesses , we build our = business > by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in = the u . s . > allows you to recruit new multi - level business online ( via your = computer ) . > > the products in this program are a series of four business and = financial > reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive via "" snail mail "" = will > include : > > * $ 5 . 00 cash > * the name and number of the report they are ordering > * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they > ordered . > > to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s = it ! > the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest electronic multi-level = marketing > business anywhere ! = 20 > > follow the instructions to the letter and > be prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! > > * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n s * * * * * * * > > this is what you must do : > > 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if = you > do n't order them ) . > = 20 > * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the > report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your > name & return address ( in case of a problem ) to the person > whose name appears on the list next to the report . make sure > your return address is on your envelope in case of any > mail problems ! > = 20 > * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the > four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can = save > them on your computer and resell them . > > * within a few days you will receive , via e-mail , each of the = four > reports . save them on your computer so they will be accessible > for you to send to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them > from you . > > 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed > next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way = other > than is instructed below in steps "" a "" through "" f "" or you will lose > out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way > this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . > remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it = will > not work . > > a . look below for the listing of available reports . > > b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , take this advertisement = and = 20 > remove the name and address under report # 4 . this person has = 20 > made it through the cycle and is no doubt counting their 50 = grand ! > > c . move the name and address under report # 3 down to report # 4 . = 20 > > d . move the name and address under report # 2 down to report # 3 . > > e . move the name and address under report # 1 down to report # 2 . > > f . insert your name / address in the report # 1 position . > > please make sure you copy every name and address accurately ! > > 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and > save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction > portion of this letter . > = 20 > 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the > internet ! advertising on the ' net is very , very inexpensive , > and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . another > avenue which you could use for advertising is e-mail lists . = 20 > you can buy these lists for under $ 20 / 2 , 000 addresses or you > can pay someone a minimal charge to take care of it for you . = 20 > be sure to start your ad campaign immediately ! > > 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the > report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day > service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they > send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt > because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > available reports > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > * * * order each report by number and name * * * > > notes : > > - always send $ 5 cash ( u . s . currency ) for each report > checks not accepted > - always send your order via first class mail = 20 > - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two > sheets of paper = 20 > - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name > of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and > ( c ) your name & postal address . > > place your order for these reports now : > _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ > > > report # 1 "" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales "" = 20 > > order report # 1 from : > > russell & associates 1544 oakland ave . suite 223 indiana , pa 15701 > = 20 > > report # 2 "" major corporations and multi-level sales "" = 20 > > order report # 2 from : = 20 > > unlimited enterprises p . o . box 1516 eugene , or 97440 = 20 > = 20 > _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ > > report # 3 "" sources for the best mailing lists "" > > > order report # 3 from : > > d . j . company p . o . box 49 dewitt , mi 48820 = 20 > = 20 > > _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ > > report # 4 "" evaluating multi-level sales plans "" > > order report # 4 from : > > david noah & co . 514 s . oxford valley rd . # 207 fairless hills , pa 19030 > = 20 > _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . = assume your > goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a = lot of > free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also = assume that > everyone else in your organization gets only 10 downline members . = follow this > example to achieve the staggering results below . > > 1st level - - your 10 members with > $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 > 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 > 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 > 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 > this totals - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 > > remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only = recruit 10 > people each . think for a moment what would happen if they got 20 = people to > participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think about it ! > > your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can = afford > $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is = free ! = 20 > > report # 3 shows you the most productive methods for bulk e-mailing and > purchasing e-mail lists . some list & bulk e-mail vendors even work on = trade ! > > about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! > > * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * > > * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and > follow the directions accurately . > > * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them > when the orders start coming in because : > > when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested > product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , = title > 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the = u . s . code , > also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which = state = 20 > that "" a product or service must be exchanged for money = received . "" > > * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . > > * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the = 20 > instructions exactly , your results will be successful ! > > * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will > succeed ! > > > * * * * * * * your success guidelines * * * * * * * > > follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : > > if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , = continue > advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should = receive at > least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising = until you > do . > > once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , > because the system is already working for you , and the cash will = continue to > roll in ! > > this is important to remember : > > every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front = of a > different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching = which > report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more = income , > send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! there = is no > limit to the income you will generate from this business ! > > > * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * > > this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! = especially the > rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't = work > and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it = works . > it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , with = little > cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program = exactly , and > you ' ll be on your way to financial security . = 20 > sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms > > my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am = a cost > accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good money . = when i > received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving "" junk mail . "" i = made > fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population and > percentages involved . i "" knew "" it would n't work . doris totally ignored = my > supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless = fun of > her , and was ready to lay the old "" i told you so "" on her when the thing = did n't > work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had received = over 50 > responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i = was > shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would n't = work . i > am a believer now . i have joined doris in her "" hobby . "" i did have = seven more > years until retirement , but i think of the "" rat race "" and it 's not for = me . we > owe it all to mlm . > frank t . , bel - air , md > > i just want to pass along my best wishes and encouragement to you . = any > doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . i even = checked > with the u . s . post office to verify that the plan was legal . it = definitely is ! > it works ! ! ! > paul johnson , raleigh , nc > > the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system = is > honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large = amount of > money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked = this > out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the = minimal > effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 = in the > first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . > sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . > > not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my = mind > to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided that = the > initial investment was so little that there was just no way that i = would n't > get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i surprised = when i > found my medium-size post office box crammed with orders ! for awhile , = it got > so overloaded that i had to start picking up my mail at the window . = i ' ll make > more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice = thing about > this deal is that it does n't matter where in the u . s . the people live . = there > simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . > mary rockland , lansing , mi > > i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i = wondered if > i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to = contact to > get another copy , so i had to wait until i was e-mailed another = program . . . 11 > months passed then it came . . . i did n't delete this one ! . . . i made more = than > $ 41 , 000 on the first try ! ! > d . wilburn , muncie , in > > this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit = our jobs , > and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our = money . > the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . = for > your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden = opportunity . > good luck and happy spending ! > charles fairchild , spokane , wa > > > order your reports today and > get started on your road to = 20 > financial freedom ! > > now is the time for your turn > > decisive action yields > powerful results
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329,"Subject: what is you lifeplan ?
 
 lifeplan - goal setting shareware lifeplan helps you to decide exactly what you want to achieve with your life . it then helps you to set the targets and goals that will guide you to this achievement . download lifeplan now to take control of what could be a great life ! you can get lifeplan from http : / / www . btinternet . com / ~ mindtools / index . htm l lifeplan is shareware , so you can try it before you buy it .
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330,"Subject: conquer thinning hair and dandruff problems forever
 
 conquer thinning hair and dandruff problems forever = 20 my hair was either dead or dying . . . . but today it is stronger than ever . = 20 what 's lost is lost you can't regain . . . but you can strengthen what is = left ! = 20 i would like to share w / you my answer to your thinning hair problems . = 20 years ago , i was growing my hair long to cover the thinning / balding area = on top . = 20 i even sported a pony tail for a while as many thinning hair victims in = 20 denial often do . i would just lightly tug at a hair and it would come = off . i would not even feel the = 20 pain one normally feels when one pulls out a hair . = 20 hair would come off my scalp effortlessly . i would have falling hair all = 20 over the bathroom and hair would come off every time i brushed . = 20 my method will strengthen your thinning hair back to its original = 20 strength . = 20 one of the first things you have to know is that once a hair = dies . . . there is no way on earth = 20 or in heaven . . . is it ever going to come back to life again . = 20 can we agree on that ? = 20 nobody has died and ever come back . = 20 nobody . = 20 and no hair either . = 20 when you die . . . you die . = 20 period . = 20 you do not come back . = 20 hair is no different . = 20 this bit of information might come as a shock to some of you . . . but that = 20 is to be expected after the big boys have bilked you out of billions of = dollars promising you = 20 that they have a cure for reincarnating dead hair . = 20 i would like one man to come forward and tell me that where he had a = bald spot = 20 once . . . now he has hair . = 20 one ? = 20 asides from the costly and painful and time consuming method of = 20 transplanting . . . and those ridiculously ugly wigs . . . er . . . hair = replacement devices . = 20 there is none . = 20 there is no cure . = 20 no one can raise the dead . = 20 can you cure a dead man ? = 20 you can save a dying man . = 20 you can even make him strong again . = 20 you can save a dying hair . = 20 you can even make it strong again . = 20 i am talking about prevention and maintenance . = 20 i am not talking hair growth . = 20 i am talking about strenghtening what is left . . . . . and eliminating your = 20 dandruff problem . = 20 you have to nip the problem in the bud so to speak . = 20 are you ready for the simplest cheapest method for keeping whatever hair = you = 20 have left on your scalp ? = 20 are you tired and frustrated because all the cures have not worked even = after you have spent = 20 hundreds of dollars on them ? = 20 are you are still praying that one day they will find a cure ? = 20 you maybe saw a little peach fuzz under a microscope . . . = 20 are you still hoping that you see one hair grow ? = 20 are you still wondering why your bathtub and sink are full of dead hair ? = well you better stop wondering and hoping and praying . . . and do = 20 something before you will one day find more hair on your bathroom floor = 20 than on your head . = 20 well eureka ! i have found an all natural method of strengthening your = hair . = 20 the beauty of this method is that it works to stop falling hair and = 20 dandruff . = 20 please do not spend another cent on cures for baldness . = 20 there is no cure . = 20 there is only prevention . . . and maintenance . my method shows you both . = 20 i have dedicated myself to years of research and vowed that if it worked = , i = 20 would share it w / the world as the only honest method to stop thinning = hair and dandruff . = 20 i am not selling any products here . . . what you will get is instructions = on = 20 my method to prevent dandruff and baldness . = 20 the only one of its kind in the world ! = 20 i know my method will solve your problem forever . = 20 so before you lose one more hair . . . . . = 20 also , once this works for you . . . please feel free to share and forward my = proven simple easy = 20 method w / someone who does . . . your = father , uncle , brother , husband , boss , friend , neighbour . = 20 even those of you who don "" t have thinning hair and dandruff = problems . . . forward this = 20 message to someone who does . . . . = 20 they will love you for it . . . . . forever ! = 20 do not be another "" hair today . . . . gone tomorrow "" story . = 20 send $ 19 . 95 check or money order for a step by step guide to = 20 save your hair to : = 20 ludwig feuerbach iv = 20 p . o box 737 = 20 corte madera ca 94976 = 20 usa = 20
",1
331,"Subject: stop paying those high major airline fares
 
 stop paying those inflated airfare prices ! ! ! on december 29 , 1997 usa today reported that business fares are expected = to rise approximately 20 % in 1998 . this is on top of a 15 % gain from 1997 . = excursion or vacation fares cannot be far behind ! ! ! many people believe that they can find the cheapest airfares by surfing through the many on-line reservation systems available on the internet . = 20 don ' t be fooled ! ! these reservation systems are owned , operated and = 20 maintained by the airlines themselves and are often slow to be updated . = 20 they also do n't include many of the deeply discounted fare programs = offered by the airlines . = 20 how often have you called the airlines or your local travelagent and = 20 asked them to give you their cheapest fare , only to find that the person = sitting next to you has gotten their seat for much less . "" the insider 's = guide to cheaper airfares "" will introduce you to other ticketing alternatives = and strategies that the major airlines do n't want you to know about . these = sources offer deeply discounted seats that are on the same flights that airlines = are charging others twice as much . among the things this valuable book will show you are : * * * how to get the airlines to notify you about discounts before they go = public . = 20 * * * ticket strategies airlines do n't want you to know . = 20 * * * how to save at least 50 % on international travel . = 20 * * * which reservation systems work best with which hubs and airlines , . = 20 * * * how to get domestic tickets for 40 % to 60 % off . whether your goal is to go on that vacation of a lifetime or to bring a = loved = 20 one home to the family , "" the insider 's guide to cheaper airfares "" will = show you that reasonable airfares from anywhere in the country are easily and affordably within your reach . = 20 why give all of your hard earned money to the airlines when you can = spend that = 20 money on fun once you arrive . send $ 9 . 95 ( check , cash , or money order ) make check payable to : ^ ^ ^ travel ^ ^ ^ guide $ 16787 beach blvd . suite # 225 huntington beach , ca . 92647 don ' t delay , save on your next trip today ! ! = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3dorder = form = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d yes ^ ^ ^ travel ^ ^ guide $ , i wish to take you up on your offer , please rush me "" the insider 's guide to cheaper airfares "" today . i have filled out this form for you = 20 to help expedite my order . name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 i wish to pay by : check _ _ _ _ cash : _ _ _ _ money order : _ _ _ _ send your order for $ 9 . 95 = 20 ^ ^ ^ travel ^ ^ guide $ ^ ^ ^ 16787 beach blvd suite # 225 huntington beach , ca . 92647
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332,"Subject: no more bull . . . this is the one that
 
 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / this message was composed using extractor pro bulk e - mail software . if = 20 you wish to be removed from this advertiser 's future mailings , please = reply = 20 with the subject "" remove "" and this software will automatically block you = from their future mailings . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / / tired of those get-rich - quick schemes that seem to make you more poor = than rich ? do you know there is a company out there that makes sure you = will earn a substantial income by the end of the year ? no hassles , no = hidden fees and costs . . . . what more do you want ? = http : / / www . geocities . com / madisonavenue / 7621
",1
333,"Subject: samples for adults
 
 for adults only five minutes free today ! click here that address again is : http : / / 208 . 220 . 30 . 2 / pamsph / see you there !
",1
334,"Subject: total profit + 980 % in 1998
 
 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = our 1998 stock picks - total profit + 980 % ! ! ! = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = subscribe to our newsletter to be informed of our stock picks - 100 % free ! ! ! value stocks with outstanding company news and upcoming extensive promotion are virtually guaranteed profits - you only need an early stock purchase to profit . our total profit for 1998 was + 980 % ! ! ! subscribe to our free newsletter , and we ' ll notify you of stocks we ' ve selected - this is where we put our money ! we also provide links to information confirming our research is accurate , enabling you to make informed decisions regarding stocks . this is one opportunity too good to miss . . . and it 's completely free ! ! ! to subscribe free , please visit http : / / home1 . gte . net / web22bbx / stocks10 . htm note : this is a one-time mailing . if the site is busy or down , please try again later
",1
335,"Subject: incredible opportunity
 
 dear friend , if you received this message in error , please accept my apologies . i never thought i 'd be the one telling you this : i actually read a piece of e-mail & i ' m going to europe on the proceeds ! hello ! my name is karen liddell ; i ' m a 35 - year-old mom , wife , and part-time accountant . as a rule , i delete all unsolicited "" junk "" e-mail and use my account primarily for business . i received what i assumed was this same e-mail countless times and deleted it each time . about two months ago i received it again and , because of the catchy subject line , i finally read it . afterwards , i thought , "" ok , i give in , i ' m going to try this . i can certainly afford to invest $ 20 and , on the other hand , there 's nothing wrong with creating a little excess cash . "" i promptly mailed four $ 5 bills and , after receiving the reports , paid a friend of mine a small fee to send out some e-mail advertisements for me . after reading the reports , i also learned how easy it is to bulk e-mail for free ! i was not prepared for the results . everyday for the last six weeks , my p . o . box has been overflowing with $ 5 bills ; many days the excess fills up an extra mail bin and i ' ve had to upgrade to the corporate-size box ! i am stunned by all the money that keeps rolling in ! my husband and i have been saving for several years to make a substantial downpayment on a house . now , not only are we purchasing a house with 40 % down , we ' re going to venice , italy to celebrate ! i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be prepared to eventually set aside about an hour each day to follow up ( and count your money ! ) , you can make at least as much money as we did . you do n't need to be a whiz at the computer , but i ' ll bet you already are . if you can open an envelope , remove the money , and send an e-mail message , then you ' re on your way to the bank . take the time to read this so you ' ll understand how easy it is . if i can do this , so can you ! go for it now ! ! karen liddell the following is a copy of the e-mail i read : $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then read it again ! ! ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its ability to generate large amounts of cash . this program is showing fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not require you to come in personal contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go to the bank ! this truly is that lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow the easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams can come true ! when followed correctly , this electronic , multi-level marketing program works ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , cars , etc . , - even retire ! this is your chance , so do n't pass it up ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary electronic multi-level marketing program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - basically , this is what we do : we send thousands of people a product that they paid us $ 5 . 00 us for , that costs next to nothing to produce and e-mail back to them . as with all multi-level businesses , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new multi-level business online ( via your computer ) . we are not promising you anything . you have to put forth some effort to make this business work , but come on how hard is e-mailing ! the products in this program are a series of four business and financial reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive is to include : * $ 5 . 00 cash united states currency * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they ordered . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s it ! the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest electronic multi-level marketing business anywhere ! follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if you do n't order them ) . for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose name appears on the list next to the report . when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save them on your computer and resell them . within a few days you will receive via e-mail , each of the four reports . save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in steps "" a "" through "" e "" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , replace the name and address under report # 1 with your name and address , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . c . move the name and address that was under report # 2 down to report # 3 . d . move the name and address that was under report # 3 down to report # 4 . e . the name and address that was under report # 4 is removed from the list and has no doubt collected large sums of cash ! please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address accurately ! ! ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this letter . 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the worldwide web ! advertising on the web can be very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . another avenue which you could use for advertising is e-mail lists . you can buy these lists for under $ 20 / 2 , 000 addresses or you can pay someone to take care of it for you . be sure to start your ad campaign immediately ! 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will help guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be timely . you ' re customers can't advertise until they receive the report ! to grow fast be prompt and courteous . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report - always send your order via the quickest delivery - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets of paper - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and ( c ) your postal address . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 "" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales "" order report # 1 from : hennessy 's 7040 w palmetto pk rd # 4 suite 165 boca raton fl 33433 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 "" major corporations and multi-level sales "" order report # 2 from : a curtain 3840 w hillsboro blvd suite 135 deerfield beach fl 33442 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 "" sources for the best mailing lists "" order report # 3 from : neu carr 6278 n federal hwy suite 276 ft lauderdale fl 33308 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 "" evaluating multi-level sales plans "" order report # 4 from : mary rafferty 1730 s federal hwy suite 170 delray beach fl 33483 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing alot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals - - - - - - - - - - $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they got 20 people to participate ! lots of people get 100s of participants ! think about it ! your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 3 shows you the most productive methods for bulk e-mailing and purchasing e-mail lists . some list & bulk e-mail vendors even work on trade ! about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the directions accurately . send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when your orders start coming in . when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which states , "" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . "" * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to help assure your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't ; continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash can continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! note : if you need help with starting a business , registering a business name , how income tax is handled , etc . , contact your local office of the small business administration ( a federal agency ) for free help and answers to questions . also , the internal revenue service offers free help via telephone and free seminars about business taxes . this letter has been edited to help comply with the federal trade commission requirements . any amounts of earnings listed in this letter can be factual or fictitious . your earnings and results are highly dependent on your activities and advertising . this letter constitutes no guarantees stated nor implied . in the event that it is determined that this letter constitutes a guarantee of any kind , that guarantee is now void . if you have any question of the legality of this letter contact the office of associate director for marketing practices federal trade commission bureau of consumer protection in washington dc . * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving "" junk mail . "" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population and percentages involved . i "" knew "" it would n't work . doris totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old "" i told you so "" on her when the thing did n't work . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i have joined doris in her "" hobby . "" i did have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the "" rat race "" and it 's not for me . we owe it all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md i just want to pass along my best wishes and encouragement to you . any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . i even checked with the u . s . post office to verify that the plan was legal . it definitely is ! it works ! ! ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! ! !
",1
336,"Subject: keeps america online online
 
 this is not spam ; you are receiving this message because you are a member of a safemail list . if you do not wish to be a part of this listclick here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - aol anti - timer keeps america online online ! this software works with all versions of aol and all versions of windows . you decide when to log off . take control of your service . unlimited free updates e-mailed directly to you when necessary . features : clicks the aol timer boxes automatically to keep you on-line indefinitely . you are now free to stay logged on to aol for as long as you want . you are not forced to stop what you are doing every time the silly box pops up . stop getting dumped in the middle of downloading files . works with aol minimized ( disable your screen saver ) . receive your e-mail instantly and hear "" you ' ve got mail "" . get the "" unlimited service "" you are paying for . free updates to aol anti - timer provided periodically via direct e-mail as necessary . personal e-mail support if you are having difficulties . same day delivery via e-mail with visa , mastercard or checks orders . works with windows 95 + 98 and all versions of aol . click status bar to monitor "" always on aol "" activity showing events and times . * please do not email your credit card information . keep reading for instructions on how to order . news flash : on september 16 , 1998 aol revised the aol timer making all existing anti - timers obsolete and ineffective . all existing "" aol anti - timer "" subscribers have already received , via direct e-mail and free of charge , the updated version of "" aol anti - timer "" which defeats the new aol timer . make sure the next aol anti - timer you purchase will clear the new aol timer and all future aol timers . "" aol anti - timer "" is the last anti-timer you will ever need to buy because once you purchase it you will receive unlimited free updates e-mailed directly to you when ever aol revises its timer or when necessary . take control of your service for only $ 30 . 00 dollars . for more information or to order please click here if have trouble logging on to our url please email us requesting information regarding aol anti-timer click here
",1
337,"Subject: submit 600
 
 this is not spam ; you are receiving this message because you are a member of a safemail list . if you do not wish to be a part of this listclick here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if you want your site to be found submit 600 is definitely for you your web site is of little use unless it can be found by those who might be interested in it . submit your web site to up to 600 different search engines and directories . guaranteed submission to the major search engines including : alta vista aol netfind excite hotbot infoseek lycos , magellan northernlight planet search web crawler yahoo ! netscape snap . com save yourself time and trouble and promote your web site using submit600 today ! ! ! there are more than 40 million web sites and 400 million web pages with more being added every day . thus , today it is more challenging than ever for your site to be easily found . if you want your site to be found click here if have trouble logging on to our url please email us requesting information regarding submit 600 click here
",1
338,"Subject: submit 600 is definitely for you
 
 this is not spam ; you are receiving this message because you are a member of a safemail list . if you do not wish to be a part of this listclick here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if you want your site to be found submit 600 is definitely for you your web site is of little use unless it can be found by those who might be interested in it . submit your web site to up to 600 different search engines and directories . guaranteed submission to the major search engines including : alta vista aol netfind excite hotbot infoseek lycos , magellan northernlight planet search web crawler yahoo ! netscape snap . com save yourself time and trouble and promote your web site using submit600 today ! ! ! there are more than 40 million web sites and 400 million web pages with more being added every day . thus , today it is more challenging than ever for your site to be easily found . if you want your site to be found click here if have trouble logging on to our url please email us requesting information regarding submit 600 click here
",1
339,"Subject: submit 600 is definitely for you
 
 this is not spam ; you are receiving this message because you are a member of a safemail list . if you do not wish to be a part of this listclick here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if you want your site to be found submit 600 is definitely for you your web site is of little use unless it can be found by those who might be interested in it . submit your web site to up to 600 different search engines and directories . guaranteed submission to the major search engines including : alta vista aol netfind excite hotbot infoseek lycos , magellan northernlight planet search web crawler yahoo ! netscape snap . com save yourself time and trouble and promote your web site using submit600 today ! ! ! there are more than 40 million web sites and 400 million web pages with more being added every day . thus , today it is more challenging than ever for your site to be easily found . if you want your site to be found click here if have trouble logging on to our url please email us requesting information regarding submit 600 click here
",1
340,"Subject: free y2k fix ! ! ! < > . : adv "" "" . ,
 
 the good news is : that you can now test your computer for full y2k compliance ( both bios and real time clocks ) and even correct it with a simple , inexpensive download . the great news is : we offer a free test & evaluation period while you decide whether you want to purchase this solution . no one else offers the comprehensive guarantee that we have for you . for additional information on our free evaluation period , reply to : y2kfreetest @ popmail . com type y2k on the subject line * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to be removed from this mailing list reply to : resource22 @ popmail . com , type remove on subject line . thank you * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",1
341,"Subject: new on capitalfm . com
 
 to unsubscribe from these e-mails go to http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this is new on http : / / capitalfm . com - 21st century girls - they ' re here on 3rd june to chat to you . - music gossip - this week 's word on the musical street . - professor pop - every week the prof answers your pop questions . - winning lines - win vonda shepard tickets in our weekly comp . - new singles - the hottest sounds on the stereo this week . - capitalfm . com shop - the very latest and best bargains . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - 21st century girls - they ' re here on 3rd june to chat to you . mark it in your diary now . on thursday 3rd june the noisy foursome will be here for a webchat and itching to answer your questions about the life of a pop group . to keep you entertained till then , you could also win goodie bags in our 21st century competition . - professor pop - every week the prof answers your pop questions . if you ' ve got a question you need answered about music , professor pop 's your man . you know the lyrics but not the song title ? you want to know what the song on that tv ad is ? starting this week the prof will search through his records to bring you the answer . - music gossip - this week 's word on the musical street . we bring you this week 's whisperings from the pop world , with all the goss you really need to know . right now there 's the word on precious , hot faves for eurovision , and britney 's bra-less performance . - winning lines - win vonda shepard tickets in our weekly comp . every week you could scoop fantastic prizes simply for recognising our carefully chosen lyrics . this week you could win tickets to see vonda shepard play live in london if you recognise the words "" my love she throws me like a rubber ball . . . "" - new singles - the hottest sounds on the stereo this week . this week our roundup of the music about to hit the charts includes the latest from madonna , robbie williams and manic street preachers . plus your chance to listen and vote on tomorrow 's hits with sneak peek . all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com - capitalfm . com shop - the very latest and best bargains . * visit the shop for some of the best prices in music , video and games . we have the latest album releases including ricky martin 's latest featuring ' livin ' la vida loca ' for just 11 . 99 , ' smash hits summer 99 ' for 12 . 99 and backstreet boys ' ' millennium ' for 11 . 99 . * you can also pre-order forthcoming album releases including geri halliwell 's ' schizophonic ' at 11 . 99 ( released 7th june ) , boyzone 's ' by request ' for 11 . 99 ( 31st may ) , red hot chili peppers ' ' californication ' for 11 . 99 ( 7th june ) , baz luhrmann 's ' something for everybody ' at 12 . 99 ( 14th june ) and lots more . * all pre-orders are despatched on the saturday prior to release date in time for delivery on day of release . uk delivery is just 1 for any size order ! http : / / capitalfm . com / shop _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement who do you want to be today ? it 's new . . . it 's exciting and it 's now in london ! new radio world is here for the first time in the uk . within new radio world , you can create your own character and chat with others from around the globe . visit capitalfm , attend on-line events and listen live while you meet new friends . . . also , chat with margherita taylor on saturday 29th may in new radio world ! want to know how ? then click the link below . . . http : / / capitalfm . com / newradioworld / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement panic or preparation ? ring the changes and make revision stress a thing of the past ! all you need to do is stay calm and take the tips from the teachers and examiners featured on revisionline . . . just click the link below and take the tips from the top ! http : / / capitalfm . com / revisionline / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement [ . tv ] - the uk 's first and only technology channel brings you the latest gadgets and coolest kit with ' gear ' . on both wednesday 2nd and 9th june at 7 . 30pm , gear will be reporting from e3 the big video games show in los angeles . highlighting games for the forthcoming playstation 2 , and top games for sega 's dreamcast . plus , on wednesday 16th june at 7 . 30pm , gear comes to you from universal studios where we try out the new terminator ride . the 12 - minute film makes the terminator ride centrepiece , the most expensive piece of celluloid ever made . to find out more visit the [ . tv ] website @ www . tvchannel . co . uk or call 0990 10 20 30 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement you want to be a winner ? the competition zone - where everyone should go and where many have gone before . . . free holidays , cinema tickets , beer , beverages and weekend breaks . you still here ? well click below now and enter one of the fabulous competitions with prizes just waiting to be won . http : / / capitalfm . com / compzone / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
",1
342,"Subject: analysts choose "" adlu "" microcap bestock pick
 
 * * * * * we believe in opt-in policies . if you did not request this investor email , please do not reply , you will be taken off our email list automatically , or reply with remove * * adlu - otc : bb - patented , trademarked products , top management , sec form 10 reporting compliance , big four accounting and audits , international advertising campaign , digital imaging and internet applications , good investor relations , small float . this micro - cap is doing everything right ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dear investor , the analysts at bestockpix have chosen adlu as a micro - cap june ' 99 first pick . this swiss based , surface coating technology company is doing everything investors look for . the adlu consumer market - digital imagery and internet printing applications - is an 85 billion photographs per year target market and growing . research has found no manufacturing process which could compete directly with adlu 's patented , trademarked "" brightec "" alkaline rare-earth luminescent technology . add strong management , saatchi & saatchi advertising campaigns , full sec form 10 reporting compliance , atag ernst young accounting and audits , small share float and undervalued share price and you have all the companents for a bestockpix micro - cap "" first pick "" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bestockpix invites you to investigate the accuracy of our research , which is developed from publicly available sources . our ' picks ' are based on the potential for significant returns , but are not an endorsement or solicitation to purchase any stock or security . to receive a full list of bestockpix monthly , for an annual fee of $ 50 u . s . , plese reply to this e-mail with "" subscribe "" in subject line . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bestockpix invests in ' first pick ' recomendations and currently owns shares of adlu common stock . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - this ad is being sent in compliance with senate bill 1618 , title 3 , section 301 . http : / / www . senate . gov / ~ murkowski / commercialemail / s771index . html
",1
343,"Subject: re : 200 , 000 1st year subscribers !
 
 company : cavalcade of sports network , inc . symbol : w s p n price : 3 ( $ 3 . 00 / share ) wspn is expected to have 200 , 000 subscribers and $ 12 million revenues in its first year of operation . wspn is indicated to have the largest known digitized sports film library in the united states . wspn has been upgraded to an immediate and "" strong buy "" . go to : http : / / finance . yahoo . com / q ? s = wspn&d = t 2314
",1
344,"Subject: you have been asked to join kiddin
 
 the list owner of : "" kiddin "" has invited you to join their mailing list at listbot . you must reply to this message to join the list . = = simply reply with a blank message to join . = = the list owner has included the following welcome message : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = hi guys ! this is just a quick message to invite you to join kiddin , a uk based daily humour list . . . . . . . . . . and because we think you ' re all groovy people who deserve to know . to sign up : hit reply and send the reply to us , that ' ll sign you up . or send a blank e-mail to kiddin-subscribe @ listbot . com or sign up on-line at : http : / / kiddin . listbot . com also , check out our website at : http : / / come . to / kiddin where you ' ll find daily cartoons ( including garfield & dilbert ) and on-line games too . remember to sign up for the daily jokes list , just reply to this message or send a blank e-mail to kiddin-subscribe @ listbot . com tell all your friends too , and get them to sign up as well ! c ' mon , you know you want to , it 's free ! rozwell & elbows kiddin list owners = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = this verification message is used to confirm that we are able to send you mail , and protects you in case someone forges a subscription request in your name . if you believe this was a forged subscription request , ignore this message and you will not be added to the mailing list . if you are having problems using the reply function in your e-mail client , the address to respond to is : v - c82a6bca02c8663f @ listbot . com listbot puts you in control , letting you manage all of your list subscriptions from a single web site . visit http : / / www . listbot . com / cgi-bin / subscriber if you wish to unsubscribe or manage your list subscription for this or other listbot lists . visit this list 's home page at : http : / / kiddin . listbot . com thanks ! sincerely , the listbot team part of the linkexchange family at http : / / www . linkexchange . com /
",1
345,"Subject: accept credit cards and watch sales skyrocket !
 
 increase online sales up to 200 % http : / / 3626046468 / ut / merchant / index2 . html accept credit cards over the internet * * * no setup fees good credit / bad credit / no credit * * * * no problem * * * * ! ! ! it just does n't matter - everyone gets approved limited offer so take advantage of it ! ! we specialize in servicing the following : * multilevel marketing * mail order / phone sales * at home business * internet based business * new business * small business whatever ! ! ! we do it all ! ! ! everyone is welcome ! http : / / 3626046468 / ut / merchant / index2 . html what can do it for your company ? ? ? ? > > > > internet service secure real-time on-line transactions make it as easy as possible for your customers to purchase your products or services . we use ssl security ( best on the net today ) . now tell me if this does n't sound intriguing , lets say a customer visits your website and decides they want to buy your product ( s ) or services ( s ) . they would simply enter their credit card information and receive an approval within 5 seconds . that 's all there is to it ! ! ! from that point on , the sale is complete and the money will be directly deposited into your business checking account within 24 to 48 hours . so you will have liquid assets available almost immediatly ! ! ! ! your customer will be e-mailed a receipt and you will be e-mailed an invoice slip , all instantaneously . now , since this program is automated for 24 hours a day 7 days a week , you will be recieving orders and maiking money in your sleep ! ! ! ! ! it ' s just that easy ! ! ! ! what makes us so special ? ? ? ? ? * we process over $ 4 billion in credit card transactions every year . * we have over 100 , 000 merchants online and growing . * we offer secured on-line real time transactions . * we offer 24 hour customer service 7 days a week in 17 different languages . * we offer complete training and installation through our technical support group . * we offer a life time warranty and unlimited upgrades . * we help make money for your company and your customer . http : / / 3626046468 / ut / merchant / index2 . html - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - this is an one time mailing .
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346,"Subject: re : information
 
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",1
347,"Subject: new on capitalfm . com
 
 to unsubscribe from these e-mails go to http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this is new on http : / / capitalfm . com - sunscreen day - you could hear your alternative lyrics on air . - name fierce ' s album - you could name the r&b act 's debut album . - hanging with britney - britney spears talks about her success . - professor pop - the prof answers your musical questions . - new singles - the latest nuggets of pop plus sneak peek . - winning lines - you could win with the weekly lyric comp . - capitalfm . com shop - the very latest and best bargains . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com - sunscreen day - you could hear your alternative lyrics on air . monday 14 june is sunscreen day on 95 . 8 capital fm and we ' ve seen so many alternative versions of the number one song that we thought we 'd give you a chance to hear your lyrics on air . send your version in and everyone in london could hear your ' words of wisdom ' . - name fierce ' s album - you could name the r&b act 's debut album . after the success of ' dayz like that ' fierce are set to release their debut album and they want you to tell them what it should be called . and with a whole heap of other signed fierce goodies to be won you can't go wrong . - hanging with britney - britney spears talks about her success . listen in to britney spears talking all about her rise to stardom , her idols , the making of the ' baby one more time ' video , and exactly what it 's like to have a number one single and album ! - professor pop - the prof answers your musical questions . every week he takes a break from his research into the depths of pop to answer your questions . this week he gets into ' dawson 's creek ' , the demanding shania twain and a whole heap of tv adverts . - new singles - the latest nuggets of pop plus sneak peek . coming up in our weekly round up of new releases are the latest tunes from lauryn hill , wild wild will smith and eurovision winner charlotte nilsson . plus your chance to vote on tomorrow 's hits in sneak peek . - winning lines - you could win with the weekly lyric comp . think you know your music ? put your knowledge to the test by recognising the lyrics in our weely competition . you could win george michael 's ' ladies & gentlemen ' videos or , coming up , hi-tech mariah carey dvds . all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com - capitalfm . com shop - the very latest and best bargains . * visit the shop for some of the best prices in music , video and games . we have the latest album releases including geri halliwell 's ' schizophonic ' for 11 . 99 , sugar ray 's ' 14 . 59 ' an unbelievable 10 . 99 . ' austin powers 2 - the spy who shagged me ' at 11 . 99 and gay dad 's ' leisure noise ' for 12 . 99 . * you can also pre-order forthcoming album releases now . there 's chemical brothers ' ' surrender ' out on 21st june for just 11 . 99 , sixpence none the richer 's self-titled album just 11 . 99 , jamiroquai 's ' synkronised ' for 11 . 99 and a chance to win tickets for their forthcoming uk tour . * do n't forget the song that 's taking the country by storm : ' everybody 's free to wear sunscreen ' comes from baz luhrmann 's new album ' something for everybody ' , out on 14th june for 12 . 99 . * all pre-orders are despatched on the saturday prior to release date in time for delivery on day of release . uk delivery is just 1 . 00 for any size order ! http : / / capitalfm . com / shop _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement "" honey , i shrunk the web "" ! play the new disney game and win one of four holidays to disneyland paris ! discover the magic universe of ' honey i shrunk the web ' and explore the amazing disney . co . uk site http : / / www . disney . co . uk / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement are you a loafer ? what exactly is loafing ? you could win strongbow freebies just by completing our loafing survey so what are you waiting for ? or are you busy loafing ? http : / / capitalfm . com / strongbowloafing2 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement who do you want to be today ? it 's new . . . it 's exciting and it 's now in london ! new radio world is here for the first time in the uk . within new radio world , you can create your own character and chat with others from around the globe . visit capitalfm , attend on-line events and listen live while you meet new friends . . . want to know how ? then click the link below . . . http : / / capitalfm . com / newradioworld / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement you want to be a winner ? the competition zone - where everyone should go and where many have gone before . . . free holidays , cinema tickets , beer , beverages and weekend breaks . you still here ? well click below now and enter one of the fabulous competitions with prizes just waiting to be won . http : / / capitalfm . com / compzone / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
",1
348,"Subject: is this you
 
 to have your name removed from this list call toll free 1-888 - 829-1943 an exciting new domain is now available to the public ! ! free searches ! ! ! ! http : / / www . webdomains . cc with more than 4 million . com domains registered , all the short and easy-to - remember names are gone ! now a new domain is open to the public and growing very fast : "" . cc "" ! ! major companies like intel , coca - cola , and even amazon . com have all already registered on the . cc domain ! ! ! they protected their domain names ! ! ! protect yours ! ! ! http : / / www . webdomains . cc the . cc domain reintroduces the possibility of owning short , easy-to - remember domain names and functions exactly as "" . com "" it is expected to match "" . com "" in growth and both personal and commercial use worldwide . availability of premiere names is excellent ! ! ! don ' t wait ! ! ! search for your name for free at : http : / / www . webdomains . cc http : / / www . webdomains . cc http : / / www . webdomains . cc _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do you yahoo ! ? get your free @ yahoo . com address at http : / / mail . yahoo . com
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349,"Subject: xenical - the new fat blocking drug just approved by the fda 165505
 
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",1
350,"Subject: legal cable tv descrambler
 
 note : this is an advertisement for legal tv de-scrambler if you have no interest in this information please click delete now . thank you - - legal cable tv de-scrambler want to watch sporting events ? - - movies ? - - pay - per - view ? ? * this is the famous r - d - o shack tv descrambler you can assemble it from r - d - o shack parts for about $ 12 . 00 . we send you : e - z to follow assembly instructions . e - z to read original drawings . the famous r - d - o shack parts list . plus something new you must have ! something you can't do without . the up-to - date report : using a descrambler legally warning : you should not build a tv descrambler without reading this report first . frequently asked questions - - cable tv descrambler q : will the descrambler work on fiber , tci , jarrod and satellite systems ? a : the answer is yes . in respect to satellite , you just get more stuff ! there is one exception : the descrambler will not work with dss satellite . q : do i need a converter box ? a : this plan works with or without a converter box . specific instructions are included in the plans for each ! q : can the cable company detect that i have the descrambler ? a : no , the signal descrambles right at the box and does not move back through the line ! q : do i have to alter my existing cable system , television or vcr ? a : the answer is no ! q : does this work with my remote control ? a : the answer is yes . the descrambler is manually controlled - - but very easy to use ! q : can you email me the plans ? a : no the program comes with an easy to follow picture guide . q : does this work everywhere across the country ? a : yes , every where in the usa plus england , brazil , canada and other countries ! q : is this deal guaranteed ? a : yes , if you are unhappy for any reason we will refund your money . q : when i order , when will i get my stuff ? a : we mail out all orders within 48 hours of receiving them . order information act within the next 14 days and receive two free bonus ! ! the cable manual ! this manual contains hard to find information your cable company does not want you to know . also receive the radar jammer plans ! never get another speeding ticket . build you own radar jammer , this unit will jam police radar so they can't get a reading on your vechicle . radar jammers are legal in 48 states . it is simple to build . the free bonuses alone are worth acting now ! the cable descrambler kit comes with a thirty day money back guarantee ! if your not completely satisfied , send the cable descrambler kit back and you keep the bonuses for free . you have nothing to lose only free cable tv to gain ! act now ! simply send $ 14 . 00 check or , money order , or credit card information to : information plus , po box 99 , north platte ne 69103 . for credit card orders fill out this form and mail in . attention information plus here is my credit card information for the amount of $ 14 . 00 for the cable descrambler kit . account number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp . date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ billing address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city / state / zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ home phone _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ this mailing is done by an independent marketing co . we apologize if this message has reached you in error . save the planet , save the trees ! advertise via e mail . no wasted paper ! delete with one simple keystroke ! less refuse in our dumps ! this is the new way of new millenium !
",1
351,"Subject: bulk mailin ' 4 u ! !
 
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",1
352,"Subject: new on capitalfm . com
 
 to unsubscribe from these e-mails go to http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this is new on http : / / capitalfm . com - party in the park - the best concert comes to your screen . - festival guide ' 99 - our mega roundup of the summer festivals . - tina cousins - under the spotlight in our weekly interview . - music gossip - we catch up on the very latest pop happenings . - professor pop - the prof answers your musical questions . - capitalfm . com shop - for the very best prices in music . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com - party in the park - the best concert comes to your screen . sunday july 4th sees more than 30 chart-topping artists playing live in front of 100 , 000 fans in aid of the prince 's trust . we ' ll be bringing you all the action live with webcasts of the action both on stage and behind the scenes , chats with all your favourite artists , exclusive photos , stunning offers and the very best in music ! so you know where to come from 12 . 30pm to 9pm on july 4th for the real party spirit . - festival guide ' 99 - our mega roundup of the summer festivals . if you plan on catching live music in the open air this summer do n't miss our festival guide . we give you the nitty gritty on glastonbury , reading , t in the park , v99 and many more . who 's playing , how to get there and most importantly how to survive the festival experience . plus stacks of offers on new and back catalogue cds from artists playing this summer . - tina cousins - under the spotlight in our weekly interview . the spotlight turns to tina cousins this week who 's about to release her new single ' forever ' in advance of a new album ' killing time ' next month . see what she has to say and catch up on a pile of past under the spotlight interviews . - music gossip - we catch up on the very latest pop happenings . keeping you up to date with the word on the street of pop , we delve into the latest news from alanis morissette , mel g , ronan keating , r . e . m , and more . you know where to come . - professor pop - the prof answers your musical questions . taking his weekly break from researching pop 's obscure corners , professor pop answers you questions : misheard lyrics , cover versions , theme tunes and anything else you ' ve been puzzling over . all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com - capitalfm . com shop - for the very best prices in music . * all the latest album releases including jamiroquai 's ' synkronised ' for 11 . 99 , plus save on their back catalogue and find out the latest on their tour . get the long awaited album from the chemical brothers ( 11 . 99 ) and as blondie gear up for their summer tour pick up the new live album for just 7 . 99 and save on their back catalogue . * you can also pre-order forthcoming album releases now ! 95 . 8 capital fm 's chris tarrant releases his ultimate summer party album on 28th june featuring hits both past and present ; pre-order it now for just 11 . 99 ( all orders must be placed by 6pm on 25th june ) . plus the chance to pre-order nsync 's debut album for just 11 . 99 due for release on 5th july . * all pre-orders are despatched on the saturday prior to release date in time for delivery on day of release . please allow up to three working days for uk delivery . uk delivery is just 1 . 00 for any size order ! http : / / capitalfm . com / shop _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement constellation casino special promotion constellation casino , the premier casino on the internet is now offering a special deal for capital radio registered members . sign up between june 22nd and july 21st from the following url and receive $ 30 free in your account ! ! ! http : / / www . virtcasino . com / casino / capitalradio . htm try this offer now , and play blackjack , video poker and baccarat on-line and enjoy quality graphics and las vegas winning odds ! this can be your best bet on the internet ! ! ! please , note that only one sign up per visitor is allowed . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement buying your new home has never been easier ! all you need to do is visit propertycapital . we have links with some of the best organisations so finding the right home has never been easier . watch carefully . . . there are many new features coming to propertycapital and prizes to be won ! http : / / capitalfm . com / propertycapital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement who do you want to be today ? it 's new . . . it 's exciting and it 's now in london ! new radio world is here for the first time in the uk . within new radio world , you can create your own character and chat with others from around the globe . visit capitalfm , attend on-line events and listen live while you meet new friends . . . want to know how ? then click the link below . . . http : / / capitalfm . com / newradioworld / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement you want to be a winner ? the competition zone - where everyone should go and where many have gone before . . . free holidays , cinema tickets , beer , beverages and weekend breaks . you still here ? well click below now and enter one of the fabulous competitions with prizes just waiting to be won . http : / / capitalfm . com / compzone / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
",1
353,"Subject: adv : earn $ 50000 in the next 90 days - it works ! ! !
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * earn $ 100 , 000 per year sending e-mail ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dear friend , you can earn $ 50 , 000 or more in next the 90 days sending e-mail , seem impossible ? read on for details ( no , there is no ' catch ' ) . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "" as seen on national t . v . "" thank you for your time and interest . this is the letter you ' ve been reading about in the news lately . due to the popularity of this letter on the internet , a major nightly news program recently devoted an entire show to the investigation of the program described below to see , if it really can make people money . the show also investigated whether or not the program was legal . their findings proved once and for all that there are , absolutely no laws prohibiting the participation in the program . this has helped to show people that this is a simple , harmless and fun way to make some extra money at home . the results of this show has been truly remarkable . so many people are participating that those involved are doing , much better than ever before . since everyone makes more as more people try it out , its been very exciting to be a part of lately . you will understand once you experience it . "" here it is below "" = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = * * * print this now for future reference * * * the following income opportunity is one you may be interested in taking a look at . it can be started with very little investment and the income return is tremendous ! ! ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ if you would like to make at least $ 50 , 000 in less than 90 days ! please read the enclosed program . . . then read it again ! ! ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legitimate , legal , money making opportunity . it does not require you to come into contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house except to get the mail . if you believe that someday you ' ll get that big break that you ' ve been waiting for , this is it ! simply follow the instructions , and your dreams will come true . this multi-level e-mail order marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time . e - mail is the sales tool of the future . take advantage of this non-commercialized method of advertising now ! ! ! the longer you wait , the more people will be doing business using e-mail . get your piece of this action ! ! ! multi-level marketing ( mlm ) has finally gained respectability . it is being taught in the harvard business school , and both stanford research and the wall street journal have stated that between 50 % and 65 % of all goods and services will be sold through multi-level methods by the mid to late 1990 's . this is a multi - billion dollar industry and of the 500 , 000 millionaires in the u . s . , 20 % ( 100 , 000 ) made their fortune in the last several years in mlm . moreover , statistics show 45 people become millionaires everyday through multi - level marketing . you may have heard this story before , but over the summer donald trump made an appearance on the david letterman show . dave asked him what he would do if he lost everything and had to start over from scratch . without hesitating , trump said he would find a good network marketing company and get to work . the audience started to hoot and boo him . he looked out at the audience and dead-panned his response "" that 's why i ' m sitting up here and you are all sitting out there ! "" with network marketing you have two sources of income . direct commissions from sales you make yourself and commissions from sales made by people you introduce to the business . residual income is the secret of the wealthy . it means investing time or money once and getting paid again and again and again . in network marketing , it also means getting paid for the work of others . the enclosed information is something i almost let slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . my name is johnathon rourke . two years ago , the corporation i worked at for the past twelve years down-sized and my position was eliminated . after unproductive job interviews , i decided to open my own business . over the past year , i incurred many unforeseen financial problems . i owed my family , friends and creditors over $ 35 , 000 . the economy was taking a toll on my business and i just could n't seem to make ends meet . i had to refinance and borrow against my home to support my family and struggling business . at that moment something significant happened in my life and i am writing to share the experience in hopes that this will change your life forever financially ! ! ! in mid december , i received this program via e-mail . six month 's prior to receiving this program i had been sending away for information on various business opportunities . all of the programs i received , in my opinion , were not cost effective . they were either too difficult for me to comprehend or the initial investment was too much for me to risk to see if they would work or not . one claimed that i would make a million dollars in one year . . . it did n't tell me i 'd have to write a book to make it ! but like i was saying , in december of 1997 i received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off a mailing list . thank goodness for that ! ! ! after reading it several times , to make sure i was reading it correctly , i could n't believe my eyes . here was a money making phenomenon . i could invest as much as i wanted to start , without putting me further into debt . after i got a pencil and paper and figured it out , i would at least get my money back . but like most of you i was still a little skeptical and a little worried about the legal aspects of it all . so i checked it out with the u . s . post office ( 1-800 - 725-2161 24 - hrs ) and they confirmed that it is indeed legal ! after determining the program was legal and not a chain letter , i decided "" why not . "" initially i sent out 10 , 000 e-mails . it cost me about $ 15 for my time on-line . the great thing about e-mail is that i do n't need any money for printing to send out the program , and because all of my orders are fulfilled via e-mail , the only expense is my time . i am telling you like it is , i hope it does n't turn you off , but i promised myself that i would not "" rip-off "" anyone , no matter how much money it cost me . in less than one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by january 13 , i had received 26 orders for report # 1 . your goal is to "" receive at least 20 orders for report # 1 within 2 weeks . if you don ' t , send out more programs until you do ! "" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in 90 days was done . by january 30 , i had received 196 orders for report # 2 . your goal is to "" receive at least 100 + orders for report # 2 within 2 weeks . if not , send out more programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goal . "" well , i had 196 orders for report # 2 , 96 more than i needed . so i sat back and relaxed . by march 1 , of my e-mailing of 10 , 000 , i received $ 58 , 000 with more coming in every day . i paid off all my debts and bought a much needed new car . please take time to read the attached program , it will change your life forever ! ! ! remember , it won't work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place . it won't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! in order for this program to work , you must meet your goal of 20 + orders for report # 1 , and 100 + orders for report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or more in 90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i am sorry . it really is a great opportunity with little cost or risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to financial security . if you are a fellow business owner and are if financial trouble like i was , or you want to start your own business , consider this a sign . i did ! sincerely , johnathon rourke p . s . do you have any idea what 11 , 700 $ 5 bills ( $ 58 , 000 ) look like piled up on a kitchen table ? it ' s awesome ! a personal note from the originator of this program : by the time you have read the enclosed program and reports , you should have concluded that such a program , and one that is legal , could not have been created by an amateur . let me tell you a little about myself . i had a profitable business for 10 years . then in 1979 my business began falling off . i was doing the same things that were previously successful for me , but it was n't working . finally , i figured it out . it was n't me , it was the economy . inflation and recession had replaced the stable economy that had been with us since 1945 . i do n't have to tell you what happened to the unemployment rate . . . because many of you know from first hand experience . there were more failures and bankruptcies than ever before . the middle class was vanishing . those who knew what they were doing invested wisely and moved up . those who did not , including those who never had anything to save or invest , were moving down into the ranks of the poor . as the saying goes , "" the rich get richer and the poor get poorer . "" the traditional methods of making money will never allow you to "" move up "" or "" get rich "" , inflation will see to that . you have just received information that can give you financial freedom for the rest of your life , with "" no risk "" and "" just a little bit of effort . "" you can make more money in the next few months than you have ever imagined . i should also point out that i will not see a penny of this money , nor anyone else who has provided a testimonial for this program . i have already made over 4 million dollars ! i have retired from the program after sending out over 16 , 000 programs . now i have several offices that make this and several other programs here and over seas . follow the program exactly as instructed . do not change it in any way . it works exceedingly well as it is now . remember to e-mail a copy of this exciting report to everyone you can think of . one of the people you send this to may send out 50 , 000 . . . and your name will be on everyone of them ! remember though , the more you send out the more potential customers you will reach . so my friend , i have given you the ideas , information , materials and opportunity to become financially independent , it is up to you now ! "" think about it "" before you delete this program from your mailbox , as i almost did , take a little time to read it and really think about it . get a pencil and figure out what could happen when you participate . figure out the worst possible response and no matter how you calculate it , you will still make a lot of money ! you will definitely get back what you invested . any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . it works ! jody jacobs , richmond , va here ' s how this amazing program will make you thousands of dollar $ instructions : this method of raising capital really works 100 % every time . i am sure that you could use up to $ 50 , 000 or more in the next 90 days . before you say "" bull . . . "" , please read this program carefully . this is not a chain letter , but a perfectly legal money making opportunity . basically , this is what you do : as with all multi-level businesses , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the usa allows you to recruit new multi-level business partners , and we offer a product for every dollar sent . your orders come by mail and are filled by e-mail , so you are not involved in personal selling . you do it privately in your own home , store or office . this is the greatest multi - level mail order marketing anywhere : this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if you do n't order them ) . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your name & return address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose name appears on the list next to the report . make sure your return address is on your envelope in case of any mail problems ! * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save them on your computer and resell them . * within a few days you will receive , via e-mail , each of the four reports . save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in steps "" a "" through "" f "" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , take this advertisement and remove the name and address under report # 4 . this person has made it through the cycle and is no doubt counting their $ 50 , 000 ! c . move the name and address under report # 3 down to report # 4 . d . move the name and address under report # 2 down to report # 3 . e . move the name and address under report # 1 down to report # 2 . f . insert your name / address in the report # 1 position . please make sure you copy every name and address accurately ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this letter . your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! to assist you with marketing your business on the internet , the 4 reports you purchase will provide you with invaluable marketing information which includes how to send bulk e-mails , where to find thousands of free classified ads and much , much more . in addition you will be provided with information on internet marketing clubs such as internet marketing resources ( imr ) : this is one the premiere internet marketing clubs on the internet . this club provides a forum where internet marketers from all over the world can exchange ideas and secrets on internet marketing . in addition , this club specializes in providing free internet marketing tools and services for the do - yourself - internet - marketer . they will provide you with free bulk e-mail software and up to 1 , 000 , 000 fresh e-mail addresses each week . this club will provide you with hundreds of free resources which include : how to obtain free web sites , how to obtain top rankings in search engines for your web-site , how to send bulk e-mail into aol and compuserve , how to market your products on newsgroups , free classified ads , electronic malls , bulletin boards , banner ads and much more . imr ' s web address is : http : / / www . ixpres . com / imrs / marketing1 . htm ( not working . . . check the links below ) http : / / www . onlinemlm . com / http : / / www . promlm . com / resources / index . shtml there are two primary methods of building your downline : method # 1 : sending bulk e-mail let 's say that you decide to start small , just to see how it goes , and we ' ll assume you and all those involved send out only 2 , 000 programs each . let 's also assume that the mailing receives a 0 . 5 % response . using a good list the response could be much better . also , many people will send out hundreds of thousands of programs instead of 2 , 000 . but continuing with this example , you send out only 2 , 000 programs . with a 0 . 5 % response , that is only 10 orders for report # 1 . those 10 people respond by sending out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 20 , 000 . out of those 0 . 5 % , 100 people respond and order report # 2 . those 100 mail out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 200 , 000 . the 0 . 5 % response to that is 1 , 000 orders for report # 3 . those 1 , 000 send out 2 , 000 programs each for a 2 , 000 , 000 total . the 0 . 5 % response to that is 10 , 000 orders for report # 4 . that 's 10 , 000 $ 5 bills for you . cash ! ! ! your total income in this example is $ 50 + $ 500 + $ 5 , 000 + $ 50 , 000 for a total of $ 55 , 550 ! ! ! remember friend , this is assuming 1 , 990 out of the 2 , 000 people you mail to will do absolutely nothing and trash this program ! dare to think for a moment what would happen if everyone , or half sent out 100 , 000 programs instead of 2 , 000 . believe me , many people will do just that , and more ! by the way , your cost to participate in this is practically nothing . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 2 will show you the best methods for bulk e-mailing , tell you where to obtain free bulk e-mail software and where to obtain e-mail lists . method # 2 - placing free ads on the internet 1 . advertising on the ' net is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get only 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . $ 50 , 000 - - - - - - - - - - - this totals - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think about it ! for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash ( u . s . currency ) for each report cheques not accepted - always send your order via first class mail - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets of paper - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and ( c ) your name & postal address . place your order for these reports now : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 "" the insider 's guide to advertising for free on the internet "" order report # 1 from : aj marketing p . o . box 946 nordvest posthus , glasvej 3 copenhagen denmark _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 "" the insider 's guide to sending bulk e - mail on the internet "" order report # 2 from : eyal hilel 21 bar - ilan st . kfar - saba 44378 israel . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 "" the secrets to multilevel marketing on the internet "" order report # 3 from : dikton haxhijaj homburgerstr . 68 61191 rosbach germany _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 "" how to become a millionaire utilizing the power of multilevel marketing and the internet "" order report # 4 from : ellbee enterprises p . o . box 452233 los angeles , ca 90045 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report . * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , your results will be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guidelines * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising or sending e-mails until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising or sending e-mails until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mails or continue placing ads and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! before you make your decision as to whether or not you participate in this program . please answer one question . do you want to change your life ? if the answer is yes , please look at the following facts about this program : 1 . you are selling a product which does not cost anything to produce ! 2 . you are selling a product which does not cost anything to ship ! 3 . you are selling a product which does not cost you anything to advertise ! 4 . you are utilizing the power of the internet and the power of multi-level marketing to distribute your product all over the world ! 5 . your only expenses other than your initial $ 20 investment is your time ! 6 . virtually all of the income you generate from this program is pure profit ! 7 . this program will change your life forever . * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . steven bardfield , portland , or my name is mitchell . my wife , jody , and i live in chicago , il . i am a cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good money . when i received the program i grumbled to jody about receiving "" junk mail . "" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population and percentages involved . i "" knew "" it would n't work . jody totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old "" i told you so "" on her when the thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i have joined jody in her "" hobby . "" i did have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the "" rat race "" and it 's not for me . we owe it all to mlm . mitchell wolf md . , chicago , il the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , charles morris , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i surprised when i found my medium-size post office box crammed with orders ! for awhile , it got so overloaded that i had to start picking up my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't matter where people live . there simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . paige willis , des moines , ia i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to contact to get another copy , so i had to wait until i was e-mailed another program , . . . 11 months passed then it came . . . i did n't delete this one ! . . . i made more than $ 41 , 000 on the first try ! ! violet wilson , johnstown , pa this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! kerry ford , centerport , ny order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! now is the time for your turn decisive action yields powerful results please note : if you need help with starting a business , registering a business name , learning how income tax is handled , etc . , contact your local office of the small business administration ( a federal agency ) 1 - ( 800 ) 827-5722 for free help and answers to questions . also , the internal revenue service offers free help via telephone and free seminars about business tax requirements . your earnings and results are highly dependant on your activities and advertising . this letter constitutes no guarantees stated nor implied . in the event that it is determined that this letter constitutes a guarantee of any kind , that guarantee is now void . any testimonials or amounts of earnings listed in this letter may be factual or fictitious . if you have any question of the legality of this letter contact the office of associate director for marketing practices federal trade commission bureau of consumer protection in washington dc . if you feel you received this message in error and wish to removed from this list reply to this address aj . remove @ pmail . net with remove in the subject field . thanks
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354,"Subject: info on office 2000 pro
 
 microsoft office 2000 pro microsoft word = 20 microsoft excel = 20 microsoft outlook = ae = 20 microsoft powerpoint = ae = 20 microsoft access = 20 microsoft publisher = 20 plus ! microsoft small business tools microsoft word 2000 gives you the word-processing tools needed to easily = create professional looking documents and share information - in print or on the web . word 2000 embraces html = as a first-class file format and extends word 's industry-leading ease of use to the web and e-mail . = 20 microsoft excel 2000 gives you the spreadsheet capabilities you need to a = nalyze data and find solutions . excel 2000 delivers new levels of resiliency and intelligence , enabling = users and organizations to get up and running quickly , stay working and achieve great results with fewer r = esources . microsoft office 2000 offers enhanced charting and rich analysis tools f = or creating spreadsheets and sharing information . microsoft outlook 2000 is an integrated e-mail and personal information m = anager , providing e-mail , calendaring , and contact and task management . = 20 microsoft powerpoint 2000 makes it easy to organize , illustrate , and deli = ver ideas professionally . whether users are conducting a meeting , presenting to an audience , or de = livering messages over the internet , powerpoint 2000 provides the tools necessary to share information and ma = ke points effectively . microsoft access 2000 makes it easy for users to get the information they = need and provides powerful tools that help users make better decisions . access 2000 let users quickly pul = l data from spreadsheets and other relational databases so they can find answers that count , shar = e information over intranets or the internet , and build faster and more effective business solutions . publisher 2000 is designed to take desktop publishing to a new level of a = utomation , professional design and flexibility to allow you to work and publish the way you want . publi = sher 2000 has expanded the quality and quantity of content , publication templates and design options to hel = p users create and publish professional looking publications anywhere - desktop printer , copy shop , commercial p = rinter and the web . if you would like more info . call = 20 1-800 - 228 = - 2095 = 20 we adhere to responsible email ethics if you wish to be removed from = 20 future mailling 's click here . mailto : paulpatterson @ hotbot . com = = 20 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * * * 94069
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355,"Subject: bad credit ?
 
 hi , hi , do you have bad credit like 65 million other americans ? we offer you a way to wipe the slate clean and start over again and how to manage your credit and re-establish your credit worthiness . click on the link below for more info : use one of the following links as some sites may be slow due to high traffic : http : / / 3624108859 / http : / / 3511663956 / cred / http : / / 3488977290 / members / cred26 / http : / / 3510834019 / crimdatabases /
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356,"Subject: advertise to millions and millions for free ! ! ! ( 1958 )
 
 kick your web site u = p a notch ! ! = 5 , 000 + web sites = that will give you free advertising . = finally , an easy way to advertise your web site or product . we have s = pent the last 18 months gathering information on web sites that will give you free or almost free advertising . while others are paying $ 25 - $ 10 , 000 per = advertisement , you can advertise your product , service or site , without having to pay anything . there aren = 92t any catches , or requirements . you will be able to place your link on all of these sites with one simple keystroke ! why would companies allow you to put your link on their page for free ? t = he more hits ( times people look at their web site ) that they receive , the mo = re their web page is worth to other advertisers . some advertisers pay $ 10 , 00 = 0 for an ad that only runs for one month . the more advertisers that are on = a site , the more people will go there to search the ads . this means that t = he site will have more hits , and therefore be worth more to other advertiser = s . putting your ad or link on for free , will benefit you and the other web site . you = 92ve probably surfed the web and found a few sites that will allow yo = u to place your link on their page , or in their mall . have you found 5 , 000 sites that will allow you do this ? even if you did find all of these fre = e sites , you would have to go to each site , one at a time , and try to place = your link . our soft = ware will allow you to place your link on all of these sites with one simple keystroke ! our software will save you thousands of = hours and tens of thousands of dollars . hundreds of people are using our software to sell their products , service = s , and at the same time , they are getting thousands of hits per day to their web site . remember , the more hits your web site gets , the more your site = will be worth to other advertisers . with your link on 5 , 000 + web sites , your business can sky rocket overnight . here are a few real life examples of what our software can do for you : "" after recei = ving your software , i immediately placed my link on 5 , 240 web sites . within 2 hours , i was receiving hundreds of hits to my web page . my web counter has gone as high as 12 , 362 hits in one day ! "" "" this program is the solution i was looking for . i don = 92t know = much about computers , but the software did everything for me . it took me abou = t five minutes to type in the required information , and by the next day i already had over 100 inquiries about my product . "" "" i have spent thousands of dollars trying to advertise my company = and my products , with very little success . after using your program , i s = aw immediate results . i received more inquiries , and sold more products in = 7 days , than i did in the last 14 months . better yet , i didn = 92t have to s = pend anything to do it . "" "" after using your software , i received over 8 , 000 inquiries in on = ly 10 days ! i tried for months to find a program that would help me market = my product , now i = 92ve got it . i couldn = 92t put a price tag on this softwar = e , it = 92s amazing . "" what is a program like this worth to you ? put your link on 5 , 000 + web sites , free . you will get tens of thousands of dollars worth of free advertising , all with a simple keystroke . take the hassle out of searchi = ng all over the internet for free sites to advertise your product , service , = or web page . let the software do all of the work for you . just put this di = sk in and follow the simple directions . you don = 92t even have to be compute = r literate to use this software . this software has been sold for as much as $ 295 . we are now making it available for a limited time for only $ 99 . 00 . at this price , you can = 92t = afford not to get it . think of how much just one ad could cost you witho = ut this software . you could pay anywhere from $ 25 - $ 10 , 000 for just one ad ! = but if you order wit = hin the next 3 days only ! ! ! ! you can buy our software with 5 , 000 free sites for only $ 39 . 00 . that 's right get your order in within the next 3 days and it is only $ 39 . 00 . to order this software , please fill out the following information sheet , and send your check to : ( please allow 7 to 10 days for check clearance ) please use form below ! ! fieldco 7620 mckellips road pmb # 450 scottsdale , az 85257 in a rush ? you may fax your check to 760 779-9571 and include your email = address ! ! yes i am ordering within 72 hours ! software package 5 , 000 + sites all orders sent via email for immediate download and no shipping expense ! = name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 84472
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357,"Subject: possible + 900 % stock investment return !
 
 as stock investing interests you , please carefully review the following - you will not be disappointed ! = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = "" rntk "" predicted returns + 900 % over next few months ! = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = imminent outstanding company news & profit potential too great to ignore dear investor , analysts have predicted a + 900 % rise in rntk stock over the next few months due to recent developments and imminent company news . rntk ( rentech , inc . ) is the developer , marketer and licensor of patented technology for the conversion of gasses ( and liquids and solids ) into super clean high value fuels , products and chemicals . in other words , rntk makes it 's money from selling patented technology that billion dollar gas & oil corporations ( such as texaco ) cannot do without . the technology converts otherwise waste , into valuable clean burning fuels while reducing greenhouse gas emissions and operating costs . without such technology , energy companies are forced to utilize inferior technology accounting for 60 % of their expenses . as rntk has new superior and patented technology scheduled for release , rntk stock can only dramatically increase in value . the nasdaq hearing for rntk 's proposed promotion of its stock and upcoming news is scheduled for 20th may 1999 . an immediate purchase ( before the promotion of several imminent releases ) while the stock is barely $ 0 . 50 / share virtually guarantees phenomenal profits - possibly + 900 % over the next few months . even a $ 2 , 000 stock purchase stock could return over $ 18 , 000 ! * "" rentech is in a stronger position than it has ever been . we have working capital and meet the net tangible asset requirements for continued nasdaq listing . "" * * "" bcp 's excellent reputation and experience aligns rentech with an engineering partner in an area of the world that could hold some of the greatest potential for gas - to - liquids technology "" - - * mr . , yakobson , ceo rentech , inc . ( rntk ) careful investigation will indicate our research is accurate , and will reveal rntk 's phenomenal profit potential - it will generate returns far greater than any other stock or investment program . as a buying frenzy is anticipated over the next few days , we advise you to act promptly to maximize returns . understandably you may prefer to simply watch the stock , however the stock price being so low provides you with a very rare opportunity for enormous profits truly too great to miss . we recommend holding rntk stock for at least 6 months until the promotion of the new patented technology is complete . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = this information is published by vsp when our research indicates particular stock will generate significant returns - this is where we put our money however it is not an endorsement to purchase any stock or security . to receive all further issues for a one-time fee of us $ 150 , please reply to this email with "" info "" in subject , otherwise you will not be contacted again . our 1998 stock picks generated in excess of 980 % profit - statistics verified upon request . sent on behalf of vsp financial by growth success strategies . vsp financial currently owns 20 , 000 rntk common stock
",1
358,"Subject: win $ 300usd and a cruise !
 
 raquel 's casino , inc . is awarding a cruise + $ 300 to a lucky member . no purchase necessary to play ! join before month end to participate . ( you will automatically be enteredinto the next drawing . ) you can join at http : / / www . raquelscasino . com ( casino ) http : / / www . tobet . com ( sportsbook ) raquel 's online casino provides guests with a state-of - the-art gaming experience : - a chance to win a cruise and $ 300 ! - 10 % sign-up bonus ! - free casino software ! - 25 casino games ! - international sportsbook ! - horse racing ! - play for fun , or for real ! our casino is secure , audited , private , and insured . thank you for your time and consideration . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",1
359,"Subject: from fanny , recommending nek
 
 dear sir or madam , this is not a "" spam "" message . we are sending it on behalf of a nek player , whose nickname appears in the subject line above , and who provided your e-mail address and requested that we send you a recommendation . for more information and to download a fully functional trial copy , please visit http : / / www . nekonline . com . nek is an action / puzzle game that plays exactly like the famous tetris game . nek however adds a lot of depth and excitement by allowing up to 11 people to play competitively in the same game . by completing lines in the puzzle , players automatically trigger "" weapons "" and "" defenses "" in their opponents ' games with hilarious effects . many people have raved about nek , and we hope that you too will enjoy the game tremendously . you can participate in multiplayer nek games for free on mplayer . com at http : / / www . mplayer . com , and on at&t gamehub at http : / / www . gamehub . net . thank you , elias assad for oceanus communications inc . p . s . here are but a few of the messages we regularly receive from nek players : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * hello , and _ thank you _ for a fantastic game . my wife and i spend many hours competing on the hand to hand game . and we have a question for you : in standard tetris the goal is of course to accumulate as many points as possible . in nek the goal also is to stay alive . when playing hand-to - hand game what would be the parameter to decide who wins . we are now talking of a scenario where a has the most points but dies , and b is alive but has fewer points . . . . this is really becoming an issue in the househould : - ) , so if you could please give us your expert opinion , we would be very grateful ! [ ed . note : the answer to the question in this message appears on the web site . ] kind regards jesper & annette skovlund , denmark * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * thank you very much ! nek is such an amazing game ; the ease of tetris with the added element of multiplayer network attack . please let me know when version 2 is available ; i can't wait to buy it . thanks again , mike * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * wow . . this game is phat . . . . i have been playing tetrinet for a while , but this blows it away in every possible area . worth the time d / ling many times over ! ! ! joshua peters * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * i ' ve just tried playing nek , and i love it ! one thing - - would it be possible to have an option for the pieces to rotate in the opposite direction ? [ ed . note : this was introduced in the current version 2 . 0 of nek . ] the tetris game i ' m used to rotates them the other way ( clockwise / anti-clockwise ) this would also make a nice weapon if it could also happen randomly . . . thanks again ! simon hurr * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tetris is a trademark of the tetris company . nek is a product of oceanus communications inc . and is not manufactured , distributed or endorsed by the tetris company
",1
360,"Subject: wholesale club !
 
 hi , we where wondering if you would be interested in subscribing to our opt-in email list . we are a wholesale distributor offering customers a wide array of products from sporting goods to electronics with huge savings . you would receive a weekly letter from us promoting some of our top products with the best discounts for the week . savings range from 30 to 80 percent . if you are interested reply to this message with subscribe in the subject . if you wish to be removed reply with remove in the subject .
",1
361,"Subject: this is new on 95 . 8 capital fm
 
 to unsubscribe from these e-mails go to http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this is new on http : / / capitalfm . com from july 7 to july 21 . - party in the park - re - live the experience right here ! - festival guide ' 99 - win tickets to reading and leeds . - under the spotlight - seafruit and suede . - live reviews - alanis morrisette , celine dion . - wicked women - win in our competition , special offers and more . - dj picks - steve penk leads the way reviewing blur . - capitalfm . com shop - for the very best prices in music . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com - party in the park - re - live the experience right here ! sunday july 4th saw more than 30 chart-topping artists playing live in front of 100 , 000 fans in aid of the prince 's trust . re - live the experience by checking our exclusive photos and the archives from our chats with the stars ! - festival guide ' 99 - win tickets to reading and leeds . if you plan on catching live music in the open air this summer do n't miss our festival guide . win tickets to reading and leeds . find out who 's playing , how to get there and most importantly how to survive the festival experience . plus stacks of offers on new and back catalogue cds from artists playing this summer . - under the spotlight - seafruit and suede . the spotlight turns to bands starting with s . seafruit have their first single out now and suede are getting ready for their performance at v99 next month . see what they had to say and catch up on a pile of past under the spotlight interviews . - live reviews - alanis morrisette , celine dion . two superwomen visit the capital in the coming weeks and we will be ready . find out if they won us over or turned our stomachs by their live performances . we ' ll take you there up close and personal . - wicked women - win in our competition , special offers and more . wicked women is a concert on july 24th in hyde park to benefit breakthrough breast cancer in memory of ronan 's mum . ronan , martine , republica , honeyz and others are all playing . win big in our competition and check out our special offers . - dj picks - steve penk leads the way reviewing blur . penky picks up the new blur new single ' coffee and tv ' and his favourite tracks off of the album ' 13 ' , and more to come . . . - capitalfm . com shop - for the very best prices in music . all the latest album releases including ricky martin , special summer compilation offers and in time for basement jaxx 's second single pick up both singles and the album for a very special price . and be sure to check the site on july 20th for our one-off boyband offers . you can also pre-order forthcoming album releases now ! * all pre-orders are despatched on the saturday prior to release date in time for delivery on day of release . please allow up to three working days for uk delivery . uk delivery is just 1 . 00 for any size order ! all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement check out the new marvin and tamara website ! catch the groove this summer with marvin and tamara and their fantastic new single ' groove machine ' . hailing from croydon and walthamstow , these two young londoners are about to take the pop world by storm . the single oozes summer vibes , full of motown influences , it 's up beat , it 's fresh and it 's most definitely catchy . check out their website on www . marvinandtamara . com and the video on box selection # 542 ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement constellation casino special promotion constellation casino , the premier casino on the internet is now offering a special deal for capital radio registered members . sign up between june 22nd and july 21st from the following url and receive $ 30 free in your account ! ! ! http : / / www . virtcasino . com / casino / capitalradio . htm try this offer now , and play blackjack , video poker and baccarat on-line and enjoy quality graphics and las vegas winning odds ! this can be your best bet on the internet ! ! ! please , note that only one sign up per visitor is allowed . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement sounds good ? it is ! one of the coolest features of the capital site is of course our streaming audio . if you ' re using a modem , has that sound ever crackled and maybe cut-out as the modem can't download files fast enough to keep up ? you need bt highway . streaming audio , and video for that matter , works even better with bt highway 's 128k digital access . in fact your whole internet experience could be better with bt highway . it works by converting your existing bt phone line to a high-speed digital system with two lines to use at once instead of just the one you had before . interested ? well keep listening because the price of conversion is now half price ! how can you resist ? let 's go and check out the website http : / / capitalfm . com and click on the small black buttons at the top to listen live or select the link below to find out more . http : / / www . highway . bt . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement shrouded in secrecy . . . in ireland , on the 4th july , they became plain mr and mrs beckham in a ceremony that is still shrouded by secrecy . to find out more and win your dream wedding dress and honeymoon in our posh and becks wedding competition , click below to find out more . . . http : / / capitalfm . com / webweddings _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
",1
362,"Subject: wholesale club !
 
 hi , i am writing you to see if you would have interest in our opt-in email list . we are a wholesale distributor who offers its members huge discounts on over 1000 products . everything from sporting goods to electronics . savings are from 30-200 % off of retail prices . we send out products of the week once a week . if you are interested please put subscribe in the subject of the letter . if you wish to be removed please put remove in the subject . there is not cost in joining the club .
",1
363,"Subject: < < how to see through people 's body & mind > >
 
 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = how to see through people 's clothes = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = have you ever dreamed you ' re able to see through people 's clothes like superman or james bond ? now at last your childhood dream can come true ! ! ! all you need to see through clothes is a special optical lens made in japan . this lens enables you to see live nude images at the beach , at the pool , and even on busy city streets . you can not believe this then click http : / / www . kaya-optics . com = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = how to see through people 's mind = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = do you know if the person you ' re talking to is telling the truth ? here is the world 's first personal lie detector software for pc . this new product made in israel provides a real-time analysis of vocal segments from phone or face-to - face conversations right on your computer screen . now you can know what 's really going on behind the words . for more details click http : / / www . truster . com = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = dear , are you looking for the new products made in asia ? is this sample newsletter a help to you ? if so , please subscribe to our "" the asian newsmonger "" newsletter . we inform you more than 100 items of the most amazing & newest asian products for free once a month . to subscribe , simply click asian _ news @ asiancityweb . com ? subject = subscribe if you do not subscribe to our newsletter , your email address will automatically be removed from our database . you do n't have to send us a mail to unsubscribe to our newsletter . if this message does not interest you , please pardon our intrusion . thank you for your time . - the asian newsmonger -
",1
364,"Subject: thank you for your continued support ! ( 12828 )
 
 as a special thank you from our team at web - entertainment , we have signed special licensing deals with top entertainment facilities across the world . please enjoy with our compliments and trust that we value you as a customer and look forward to continuing our services to you in the future as well as today ! http : / / 208 . 144 . 10 . 20 / ~ scout / index . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 55444
",1
365,"Subject: teen xxx - free preview ( 104554 )
 
 welcome to the most incredible teen sex action on the net ! instant access , free preview . . all girls are 18-21 guaranteed ! see it here today ! http : / / 208 . 166 . 75 . 251 / ~ mainstream / index . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 59179
",1
366,"Subject: take our net survey . . . win a free trip for two ! ( 111000 )
 
 net survey invites you to take our adult entertainment survey . all qualified participants will have a chance to win a free trip to los angeles for two ! package includes : - round trip airfare - deluxe hotel accommodations - $ 500 spending money additionally , participants will receive more information about adult entertainment upon request ! our survey takes less than two minutes to complete and provides our sponsors with valuable information on how to improve their web site and services offered . to participate , please visit : http : / / 22 @ 3500800301 * please note : you must be age 18 + to participate ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ net survey respects your on-line time and internet privacy . this is a one-time only solicitation . your address will be deleted from our files . thank you ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 90645
",1
367,"Subject: your best bet . .
 
 adults only click this http : / / www . wildhotsex . com / puresex1 . html nothing "" butt "" pure sex this adult site gives you a free xxx video every month http : / / www . wildhotsex . com / puresex1 . html to be removed - e-mail jillbob622 @ geocities . com put remove in the subject line .
",1
368,"Subject: just released ! cd vol . 4a
 
 online business got you . . . . frustrated ? have you tried : free classifieds ? ( do n't work ) web site ? ( good for closing but you have to have visitors ) banners ? ( expensive and iffy ) e - zine ? ( they ' re great , but only with thousands of members ) search engines ( easy to be buried with thousands of others ) e - m a i l m a r k e t i n g w o r k s ! ! it 's a fact ! if you ' re not using your computer to generate income , you ' re leaving money on the table . i understand that some may take offence with this message , so i ' ll only be mailing to you once . or , if you ' re financially independent , then just hit delete and i won't bother you again . but friend , the proof is in the pudding . \ and if you could do with $ 50 , 000 to $ 151 , 200 . 00 per year , then this message is for you . the following is an example of your potential earnings if you have a product that profits you just $ 30 . remember , on the internet , you can make money 7 days a week , 24 hours a day . . . even while you sleep , orders can come in from all over the world ! orders per day weekly earnings / monthly earnings / yearly earnings 1 $ 210 . 00 $ 840 . 00 $ 10 , 080 . 00 2 $ 420 . 00 $ 1 , 680 . 00 $ 20 , 160 . 00 3 $ 630 . 00 $ 2 , 520 . 00 $ 30 , 240 . 00 5 $ 1 , 050 . 00 $ 4 , 200 . 00 $ 50 , 400 . 00 10 $ 2 , 100 . 00 $ 8 , 400 . 00 $ 100 , 000 . 00 15 $ 3 , 150 . 00 $ 12 , 600 . 00 $ 151 , 200 . 00 the question is . . . how do you generate those orders . our latest & greatest is just released ! the millions cd - vol . 4 10 million of the very best email addresses available anywhere ! ! the millions cd - vol . 4 , is the absolute best product of its kind anywhere in the world today . there are no other products anywhere that can compete with the quality of this cd . after almost 2 years . we ' ve even outdone ourselves with this volume . the millions cd - vol . 4 is comprised of 10 million premium & super clean email addresses - you can start mailing as soon as you receive the cd ! ( see the "" how we do it "" techniques described below ) . each file contains exactly 100 , 000 email addresses . there are only aol & mixed addresses on this cd . aol : you get over 50 files of 100 , 000 each of aol which equals over 5 , 000 , 000 addresses . the aol addresses are verified 100 % deliverable at time of production and were collected throughout the production schedule-then reverified as deliverable . all of the following domains have been removed from vol . 4 . absolutely not included : compuserve . com genie . com delphi . com gnn . com ( dropped by aol and not active at this time ) , edu , . gov , . mil , . org , and no state domains ending in . us no international domains used on this cd . only pure . com & . net ! ! ! no "" duplicate "" addresses . all "" dupes "" were filtered out . here ' s how we get the cleanest email addresses available anywhere ! ! 1 . 190 + million lines of email addresses were filtered and duplicates eliminated . this process , alone , reduces the list into a manageable number . 2 . another filter list of 400 + words / phrases were used to reduce the lists even more . no addresses with profane or inappropriate wording survived . 3 . a special filter file was used to eliminate most of the "" web poisoned "" email addresses from these lists . most of the lists we purged were full of bogus addresses . one list , in particular , had over 90 % poison in it . our exclusive system reduced these types of addresses to zero . 4 . a "" daily updated "" anti bulk email list of terrorists and general anti-internet advertising extremists was used to rid our lists of those people who , in a cowardly and deliberate manner , attack all marketing people who choose to utilize the greatest marketing discovery of all time - direct email . our database of these individuals is the largest one maintained worldwide and it keeps our lists of undesirable and extremist elements . 5 . in addition to the above , we also maintain a database that we update every day . this database contains undeliverable addresses , and addresses of those who have asked to be removed from any and all mailing lists ( this is comparable to the opt-out kind of list maintained by the dma , etc ) . owning this cd . . . is equivalent to you having to buy all lists and other cds of our competitors , plus the huge amount of resources our team secures through private means . the major difference is . . . . ours is thoroughly cleaned & free of all the "" filled "" & "" bogus "" addresses used by our competition to add inflated numbers to their lists . we perform hundreds of hours of production and thousands of dollars in order to offer you the cleanest and purest cd of quality addresses found anywhere worldwide ! sending your marketing letter to any one of our 100 lists of 100 , 000 ( 10 million in all ) is equivalent to sending 1 , 000 , 000 / one million of our competitors addresses to equal the same response , sales ratio , etc . would n't you rather send just 100 , 000 instead of 1 , 000 , 000 letters ? just think what results you would get if you sent 1 , 000 , 000 using our quality lists ! with our lists you will send less and get more results . our list will result in : higher response ratios higher sales ratios more receptive prospects ; less flames & non-buyers less contact with anti-commerce radicals who want the net for themselves ! you ' ll get 100 of the cleanest email files available anywhere ! each of our new volumes improves in quality and content . no competitor even comes close to matching this superior product . you must use it and compare for yourself ! this product will prove to be the best of it 's kind compared to any cd in terms of hours and money spent bringing it to market . no competitor will ever duplicate the effort of what it takes for us to produce this final product . we don t compromise quality , and we surely won't release any product before it passes our "" high standards "" test for quality . "" you can buy the all of the rest or you can buy from the best "" ! the millions cd - vol . 4 is the best ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ don t hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most effective way to market anywhere . . . period ! if you have any further questions or to place an order , you can call us direct at : 1-412 - 734-1488 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the millions cd - volume 4 * * * * * now only $ 225 . 00 ! * * * _ this price is effective for the next seven days , thereafter the price will be $ 299 . 00 so order now ! remember , bottom-line you always get what you pay for ! to order our email package , simply print out the ez order form below and fax our office today . we accept visa , mastercard , amex , and checks by fax . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ez order form _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to order millions vol . 4 email addresses for only $ 225 . 00 . * please select one of the following for shipping . . _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package overnight . i ' m including $ 15 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package 2 day delivery . i ' m including $ 10 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ type of credit card : _ _ _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ _ _ mastercard credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amount $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( required ) signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you may fax your order to us at : 1-412 - 291-1133 check by fax services ! if you would like to fax a check , paste your check below and fax it to our office along with all forms to : 1-412 - 291-1133 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 24 hour fax services * * * please paste your check here and fax it to us at 1-412 - 291-1133 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from your original check . all checks will be held for bank clearance . ( 7-10 days ) make payable to : "" ce networks ""
",1
369,"Subject: 20 asian girls a day ! !
 
 please note that this is a one time mailing and you will not receive any further invitations to us . if you are over the age of 18 and are looking for the hottest adult entertainment on the internet today , click here to see something that you ' ve never seen before ! http : / / members . xoom . com / xq36tsts / door . html
",1
370,"Subject: pay us a visit . ( adults only ) # 1f81
 
 7706 if you ' re over 18 you ' ll want to see this ! live cybersex 24 hours a day right on your computer screen ! ! ! click on the link below : http : / / 3521254387 / lisa / you can watch them do it all live , talk live and get these gorgeous teen models to do anything ! you tell them what to do , and they do it hot young teen girls and guys thousands o = 46 pictures and avi ' s too click on the link below : http : / / 3521254387 / lisa / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to remove yourself from the member mailing list . 1 . go to http : / / 3448153916 / remove / remove . cgi and follow instructions provided on web page . this is not an unsolicited email ! you have received this because you are a past / present member , or are a visitor who has requested additional in = 46ormation about our sites . or 1 . "" reply "" to : mailto : iilli11 @ mymail . com 2 . type "" remove "" in the subject field and hit send . submitting as above will delete your e-mail address from our database . or call : ( 305 ) 460-3165 to be removed . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",1
371,"Subject: pay us a visit . ( adults only ) # 3cde
 
 1ba5 if you ' re over 18 you ' ll want to see this ! live cybersex 24 hours a day right on your computer screen ! ! ! click on the link below : http : / / 3521254387 / terry / you can watch them do it all live , talk live and get these gorgeous teen models to do anything ! you tell them what to do , and they do it hot young teen girls and guys thousands o = 46 pictures and avi ' s too click on the link below : http : / / 3521254387 / terry / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to remove yourself from the member mailing list . 1 . go to http : / / 3448153916 / remove / remove . cgi and follow instructions provided on web page . this is not an unsolicited email ! you have received this because you are a past / present member , or are a visitor who has requested additional in = 46ormation about our sites . or 1 . "" reply "" to : mailto : iilli11 @ mymail . com 2 . type "" remove "" in the subject field and hit send . submitting as above will delete your e-mail address from our database . or call : ( 305 ) 460-3165 to be removed . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",1
372,"Subject: sorry for the delay - fqtfsqvb
 
 hello thanks for stopping by ! ! we have taken many new pics and made some hot new videos ! they are the most erotic we have done ! stop by and be our guest for oodles of free fun ! click here and enter we thank you for all your business in the past ! the haven
",1
373,"Subject: love your profile - ysuolvpv
 
 hello thanks for stopping by ! ! we have taken many new pics and made some hot new videos ! they are the most erotic we have done ! stop by and be our guest for oodles of free fun ! click here and enter we thank you for all your business in the past ! the haven
",1
374,"Subject: did that work for you ? - calsvxtn
 
 hello thanks for stopping by ! ! we have taken many new pics and made some hot new videos ! they are the most erotic we have done ! stop by and be our guest for oodles of free fun ! click here and enter we thank you for all your business in the past ! the haven
",1
375,"Subject: re : call me now 732-942 - 7100
 
 hi sexy : i am considered one of the hottest phone girls on the net , because there 's n * o * t * h * i * n * g that i won't talk about . i love to suck , lick , fuck , and it shows ! i ' m a single blonde , 24 yrs old , green eyes and very big tits ! i ' ve been talking to sexy guys on the net for three years and love it ! over half of the people who call me call back a second time . i have regular callers from all over the world ! why ? because this is a small , owner operated business - not some phonesex factory . i ' m right here at home , in my bedroom , just waiting for you to call so we can enjoy each other . of course i participate ! why should i let you guys have all the fun ! : - ) if you have any questions , call me at home for free information . i want to get and keep your business . i have the professionalism to offer you consistent quality . nothing will be mailed to your home , your name will not be sold or traded , i ' m so fucking lonely and horny , call me now baby 732-942 - 7100 non us / canada studs call now on + 1-732 - 942-7100 oh babyyyyyyyyyy . . my pussy is dripping wet , call me now on 732-942 - 7100 kindest regards , heather ps . my slogan is "" high integrity , high quality and a great cum everytime ""
",1
376,"Subject: http : / / www . xxxnet . cx
 
 the most nasty , raunchy adult interactive website on the internet today is = 46ree = 46or 1 week ! ! ! ! http : / / www . xxxnet . cx teenage virgin = 46ucking & sucking ! http : / / www . xxxnet . cx locker room xcitement ! ! see all this that was not available in the usa continent ( until now ) here = 46ree ! plus you will get . . . cams galore - peep , teen , anal , dildo . . . http : / / www . xxxnet . cx over 20 , 000 xxx videos over 50 live sex shows ! amsterdam = 46uck shows ! thousands of pictures xxx magazines . . comics . . . games & more ! all this = 46or = 46ree = 46or 1 week ! join now ! go to : http : / / www . xxxnet . cx
",1
377,"Subject: forbidden xxx ( 4488 )
 
 teen girls 18-20 waiting to tempt and tantalize . . . join the action today with our free trial http : / / tv . acmecity . com / smallscreen / 232 / index . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 25061
",1
378,"Subject: forbidden xxx ( 4971 )
 
 teen girls 18-20 waiting to tempt and tantalize . . . join the action today with our free trial http : / / 3505021283 / adult / jeni20 / index . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 65857
",1
379,"Subject: our latest & greatest ! cd vol . 4a
 
 online business got you . . . . frustrated ? have you tried : free classifieds ? ( do n't work ) web site ? ( good for closing but you have to have visitors ) banners ? ( expensive and iffy ) e - zine ? ( they ' re great , but only with thousands of members ) search engines ( easy to be buried with thousands of others ) e - m a i l m a r k e t i n g w o r k s ! ! it 's a fact ! if you ' re not using your computer to generate income , you ' re leaving money on the table . i understand that some may take offence with this message , so i ' ll only be mailing to you once . or , if you ' re financially independent , then just hit delete and i won't bother you again . but friend , the proof is in the pudding . \ and if you could do with $ 50 , 000 to $ 151 , 200 . 00 per year , then this message is for you . the following is an example of your potential earnings if you have a product that profits you just $ 30 . remember , on the internet , you can make money 7 days a week , 24 hours a day . . . even while you sleep , orders can come in from all over the world ! orders per day weekly earnings / monthly earnings / yearly earnings 1 $ 210 . 00 $ 840 . 00 $ 10 , 080 . 00 2 $ 420 . 00 $ 1 , 680 . 00 $ 20 , 160 . 00 3 $ 630 . 00 $ 2 , 520 . 00 $ 30 , 240 . 00 5 $ 1 , 050 . 00 $ 4 , 200 . 00 $ 50 , 400 . 00 10 $ 2 , 100 . 00 $ 8 , 400 . 00 $ 100 , 000 . 00 15 $ 3 , 150 . 00 $ 12 , 600 . 00 $ 151 , 200 . 00 the question is . . . how do you generate those orders . our latest & greatest is just released ! the millions cd - vol . 4a 10 million of the very best email addresses available anywhere ! ! the millions cd - vol . 4 , is the absolute best product of its kind anywhere in the world today . there are no other products anywhere that can compete with the quality of this cd . after almost 2 years . we ' ve even outdone ourselves with this volume . the millions cd - vol . 4 is comprised of 10 million premium & super clean email addresses - you can start mailing as soon as you receive the cd ! ( see the "" how we do it "" techniques described below ) . each file contains exactly 100 , 000 email addresses . there are only aol & mixed addresses on this cd . aol : you get over 50 files of 100 , 000 each of aol which equals over 5 , 000 , 000 addresses . the aol addresses are verified 100 % deliverable at time of production and were collected throughout the production schedule-then reverified as deliverable . all of the following domains have been removed from vol . 4 . absolutely not included : compuserve . com genie . com delphi . com gnn . com ( dropped by aol and not active at this time ) , edu , . gov , . mil , . org , and no state domains ending in . us no international domains used on this cd . only pure . com & . net ! ! ! no "" duplicate "" addresses . all "" dupes "" were filtered out . here ' s how we get the cleanest email addresses available anywhere ! ! 1 . 190 + million lines of email addresses were filtered and duplicates eliminated . this process , alone , reduces the list into a manageable number . 2 . another filter list of 400 + words / phrases were used to reduce the lists even more . no addresses with profane or inappropriate wording survived . 3 . a special filter file was used to eliminate most of the "" web poisoned "" email addresses from these lists . most of the lists we purged were full of bogus addresses . one list , in particular , had over 90 % poison in it . our exclusive system reduced these types of addresses to zero . 4 . a "" daily updated "" anti bulk email list of terrorists and general anti-internet advertising extremists was used to rid our lists of those people who , in a cowardly and deliberate manner , attack all marketing people who choose to utilize the greatest marketing discovery of all time - direct email . our database of these individuals is the largest one maintained worldwide and it keeps our lists of undesirable and extremist elements . 5 . in addition to the above , we also maintain a database that we update every day . this database contains undeliverable addresses , and addresses of those who have asked to be removed from any and all mailing lists ( this is comparable to the opt-out kind of list maintained by the dma , etc ) . owning this cd . . . is equivalent to you having to buy all lists and other cds of our competitors , plus the huge amount of resources our team secures through private means . the major difference is . . . . ours is thoroughly cleaned & free of all the "" filled "" & "" bogus "" addresses used by our competition to add inflated numbers to their lists . we perform hundreds of hours of production and thousands of dollars in order to offer you the cleanest and purest cd of quality addresses found anywhere worldwide ! sending your marketing letter to any one of our 100 lists of 100 , 000 ( 10 million in all ) is equivalent to sending 1 , 000 , 000 / one million of our competitors addresses to equal the same response , sales ratio , etc . would n't you rather send just 100 , 000 instead of 1 , 000 , 000 letters ? just think what results you would get if you sent 1 , 000 , 000 using our quality lists ! with our lists you will send less and get more results . our list will result in : higher response ratios higher sales ratios more receptive prospects ; less flames & non-buyers less contact with anti-commerce radicals who want the net for themselves ! you ' ll get 100 of the cleanest email files available anywhere ! each of our new volumes improves in quality and content . no competitor even comes close to matching this superior product . you must use it and compare for yourself ! this product will prove to be the best of it 's kind compared to any cd in terms of hours and money spent bringing it to market . no competitor will ever duplicate the effort of what it takes for us to produce this final product . we don t compromise quality , and we surely won't release any product before it passes our "" high standards "" test for quality . "" you can buy the all of the rest or you can buy from the best "" ! the millions cd - vol . 4 is the best ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ don t hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most effective way to market anywhere . . . period ! if you have any further questions or to place an order , you can call us direct at : 1-800 - 242-0363 ext . 1226 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the millions cd - volume 4a * * * * * now only $ 225 . 00 ! * * * _ this price is effective for the next seven days , thereafter the price will be $ 299 . 00 so order now ! remember , bottom-line you always get what you pay for ! to order our email package , simply print out the ez order form below and fax our office today . we accept visa , mastercard , amex , and checks by fax . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ez order form _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to order millions vol . 4a email addresses for only $ 225 . 00 . * please select one of the following for shipping . . _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package overnight . i ' m including $ 15 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package 2 day delivery . i ' m including $ 10 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ type of credit card : _ _ _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ _ _ mastercard credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amount $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( required ) signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you may fax your order to us at : 1-603 - 452-6269 check by fax services ! if you would like to fax a check , paste your check below and fax it to our office along with all forms to : 1-603 - 452-6269 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 24 hour fax services * * * please paste your check here and fax it to us at 1-603 - 452-6269 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from your original check . all checks will be held for bank clearance . ( 7-10 days ) make payable to : "" eb services ""
",1
380,"Subject: hot xxx ( 917 )
 
 join in on the fun with us ! http : / / 38 . 150 . 73 . 20 / babez / index . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 76557
",1
381,"Subject: tommy lee and heather locklear ( before pamela anderson ) ( 9875 )
 
 live sincity xxxclub pictures and videos . featuring exclusive photos of . . . - tommy lee and heather locklear ( before pamela anderson ) - a calista flockheart strip tease ( aka ally mcbeal ) - plus much much more http : / / 208 . 234 . 97 . 99 / adult / mywife / index . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 72435
",1
382,"Subject: limited time reservation .
 
 the most nasty , raunchy adult interactive website on the internet today is = 46ree = 46or 1 week ! ! ! ! http : / / 3461767994 / adult . html locker room xcitement ! ! see all this that was not available in the usa continent ( until now ) here = 46ree ! plus you will get . . . over 20 , 000 xxx videos over 50 live sex shows ! amsterdam sex shows ! thousands of pictures xxx magazines . . comics . . . games & more ! all this = 46or = 46ree = 46or 1 week ! join now ! go to : http : / / 3461767994 / adult . html
",1
383,"Subject: hot free xxx software ! ! !
 
 > > > > > > > > > for hetero http : / / 3480473412 / csend / straight1 / or for all male http : / / 3480473412 / csend / men / trust me , this is the best ever ! over 300 , 000 photos never ever seen before on the internet ! ! ! cum and see us . . . free software . cum and see me , lover . . .
",1
384,"Subject: secrets the travel agents won't tell you !
 
 get 65 % off airline tickets + save over 72 % hotels rooms wordlwide * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * want to know where to get get 65 % off airline tickets + save over 72 % hotels rooms wordlwide just go to : * which travel * which travel * which travel * which travel * at : http : / / 208 . 196 . 56 . 134 / ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this text is placed here as stipulated in us bill s . 1618 title 3 . http : / / www . senate . gov / ~ murkowski / commercialemail / emailamendtext . html sender : travelnews , bevere , worcester . email : boney @ hosted2u . net tel : + 33 4 94 60 10 65 per section 301 , paragraph ( a ) ( 2 ) ( c ) of s . 1618 , further transmissions to you by the sender of this email may be stopped at no cost to you by sending a reply to this email address with the word "" remove "" in the subject line . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",1
385,"Subject: tami , was that yu ?
 
 bobby , is this you ? this is john , your cousin . call or email me immedaitly . found a company who will build , and host our site for free . call me today . if this is not you bobby i ' m sorry if you recieved this by mistake .
",1
386,"Subject: internet pc user group
 
 internet pc user group ( "" ipcug "" ) newsletter first quarter 1999 table of contents ( 1 ) general &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; ( 1a ) introduction &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; ( 1b ) update &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; ( 1c ) news ( 2 ) review &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; ( 2a ) # 1 - tufftest - lite - free pc diagnostics utility&nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; [ download @ www . ipcug . org ] &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; ( 2b ) call for reviews / reviewers ( 3 ) contact information ( 1 ) general ( 1a ) introduction &nbsp ; the purpose of the ipcug is to bring together people interested in the fast paced and constantly changing world of computers & the internet . ipcug is designed as an open club to people of all disciplines . ipcug offers a variety of interesting services to its members , such as : &nbsp ; &nbsp ; offering a resource base for users . fellow members can learn from each other in a friendly and relaxed atmosphere , anywhere there is access to the internet . &nbsp ; &nbsp ; operating a web site , which enables a great number of people to communicate through messages and realtime chat . &nbsp ; &nbsp ; we are always looking for pc owners ( this includes mac users ! ) to suggest products or do reviews . &nbsp ; &nbsp ; whenever possible we will try to secure member discounts for products and services . &nbsp ; &nbsp ; and lastly there is more to ipcug than just the internet ! the ipcug is a synergistic forum made up by it 's incredibly diverse user base . ( 1b ) update &nbsp ; our website continues to expand and grow . thank you for all your help and suggestions . our search for new mailing list software continues . ( 1c ) news ipcug is working on creating local chapters and monthly meetings . ipcug is also working on details that would enable our group to have yearly gatherings . ipcug would like to attend an upcoming comdex . as the ipcug continues to grow , there will be more reviews , & user contribution . it 's an exciting time to be an ipcug member . ( 2 ) review ( 2a ) # 1 - tufftest - lite - free pc diagnostics utility&nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; [ download @ www . ipcug . org ] &nbsp ; you arrive home with your new computer . sure , it hurt paying $ 1 , 800 , but you have it all - - large cardboard boxes , yards of cables , oceans of foam packing . assembly is a snap . as they told you in the store , every cable only fits one way . you follow all the instructions , turn it on and everything is perfect - you are very proud of yourself . &nbsp ; months later you start to experience mysterious problems and occasional system lock ups . probably some software tsr or driver has conflicted with windows again . as before , you spend endless hours trying to track it down , but this time to no avail . then one day , unfortunately just after the warranty runs out , it stops working . when you boot , you see a cryptic error message that says something about memory , or parity , or some such thing . &nbsp ; maybe you ' ll spend a lot of time swapping parts and playing with your computer 's insides - but if you do n't have the time or the skills , you ' ll lug the beast down to the repair shop and wait hours for their low-cost "" instant "" diagnostic service . then you ' ll pay "" more "" to get it fixed . it 's moments like these that you need # 1 - tufftest - lite . &nbsp ; # 1 - tufftest - lite by # 1-pc diagnostics company simply makes sure that your equipment is connected and working . before you set off on a software wild goose chase , # 1 - tufftest - lite blows the whistle on faulty hardware , in this case a bad memory simm in main memory . &nbsp ; sophisticated operating systems blur the line between hardware and software . when a program wants to access a drive , memory or port , windows manages the request . many test programs tell you that they are testing the hardware , but they can't really tell if the problem lies with the hardware , the software that controls it or windows . # 1 - tufftest - lite eliminates the problem by eliminating the complex operating system . &nbsp ; the program fits on a floppy disk and contains its own super slim operating system and device drivers . when it runs tests , nothing stands between them and the pc hardware . # 1 - tufftest - lite can directly attack drives , controllers , ports and memory , giving them a stiff workout and telling you whether they pass muster . &nbsp ; interestingly , this handy little utility reports fewer hardware faults than conventional diagnostic programs - - because it virtually eliminates the false positives that can be generated when software gets in the way . when it does report a problem with your equipment , you can be confident that it is worthwhile dismantling the system and making the trip back to the shop . when # 1 - tufftest - lite gives the all clear , it is sensible to assume that the issue is a software or setup one . &nbsp ; for the technically minded , # 1 - tufftest - lite runs a range of standard hardware checks . it starts with the motherboard and looks at the processor , math coprocessor , dma controller and real time clock . from there , it moves through a series of video and alignment and color tests , and onto the video adapter itself . after that , parallel and serial ports , floppy and hard drives and main memory are run through their paces . &nbsp ; one advantage of its small size is that # 1 - tufftest - lite automatically relocates from lower main memory to upper main memory and then back again on every pass . thus all of main memory is tested . no other diagnostics can do this because they have to occupy a large chunk of it themselves . after finishing with a check of extended memory , # 1 - tufftest - lite reports on your pc and its components . it produces a results display with a simple pass or fail for each component . if everything checks out , you have the satisfaction of knowing that your pc 's internals are a-ok . &nbsp ; the product does n't assume that you are technically minded . to run it , you turn off your pc , place the # 1 - tufftest - lite diskette in the floppy drive a and turn your pc on . the proprietary boot loader and operating system boots your pc and then automatically runs all the tests , with no user intervention if you like . the tests do n't alter any system settings , so even a novice can use it without fear of doing damage . return after 5-10 minutes and the report will be ready . &nbsp ; there is more to pc problem solving than a basic hardware check , but if you can't do that , you can spend a lot of time looking under the wrong rocks . &nbsp ; best of all , # 1 - tufftest - lite is freeware with no restrictions on its use or distribution so you really can't go wrong giving it a try . [ download your free pc diagnostic @ www . ipcug . org ] ( 2b ) call for reviews / reviewers &nbsp ; we are always looking for member recommendations on new pc and macintosh products to review . and we also invite members to submit their product reviews . ( 3 ) contact information jason president @ ipcug . org megan vicepresident @ ipcug . org manny secretary @ ipcug . org website www . ipcug . org address ipcug376 grant blvd . suite 116syracuse , ny 13206 phone ( 315 ) 431-9571 fax ( 315 ) 431-9571 ( c ) 1998-99 internet pc user group . all rights reserved . you have received this e-mail newsletter as a result of your registration to the ipcug . you may leave this e-mail newsletter service at any time by sending an e-mail to list-unsubscribe @ ipcug . org . the subject line and message body are not used in processing the request , and can be anything you like . for more information on the ipcug please visit http : / / www . icpug . org /
",1
387,"Subject: new on 95 . 8 capital fm
 
 this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com from the 17th of feb to the 3rd of mar . - live reviews - we take you to sheryl crow , robbie williams and the corrs . - grammy awards - more pop , awards and speeches on feb 24 . - b * witched - get a preview of the book ! - winning lines - guess the song and win the brits video . - new releases - madonna , alanis and other great new music ! - showtime - e-17 , cher and martine mccutcheon on air . - how to be a dj - get tips from the top . - eddie izzard - win tickets ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - live reviews - we take you to sheryl crow , robbie williams and the corrs . spring is coming and the stars are taking to the stage . we take you to sheryl crow 's only uk gig this time around , golden boy robbie is following up his amazing run at the brits with live gigs at wembley and the corrs come back to the london arena after winning best international group at the brits . - grammy awards - more pop , awards and speeches on feb 24 . it 's that time again . the us brings out all the stops and all the stars . we will keep you up to date on the winners and losers and we have some amazing cd offers on grammy nominated artists . keep coming back so you do n't miss out ! - b * witched - get a preview of the book ! the official book is not released until the middle of april , but you can find out what 's in it now ! we will publish an excerpt from the book every week starting on thursday february 18 . be the first to read it ! - winning lines - guess the song and win the brits video . our weekly ' winning lines ' competition has a great prize up for grabs this week . the official brits video can be yours if you know your lyrics . - new releases - madonna , alanis and other great new music ! as always , we keep you up to date on all the new music that is coming out . some heavy weight artists such as madonna , alanis , steps , eagle eye cherry and cleopatra weigh in with new songs . - showtime - e-17 , cher and martine mccutcheon on air . who will be on showtime next ? coming up we have e-17 , cher , martine mccutcheon , jerry springer and kathy burke . showtime on air runs from monday till friday 7 . 30 - 8pm on 95 . 8 capital fm , showtime on-line is available 24 hours a day . tune in , log on or miss out . - how to be a dj - get tips from the top . our superstar djs give you tips on how to join their ranks at the top . this week chris tarrant gives you the inside scoop and on march 1 our very own dr . fox spills the beans . not to be missed if you want to get into radio . - eddie izzard - win tickets to his london show ' dressed to kill ' . watch the site next week for your chance to a free laugh . all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * do n't want to receive these e-mails ? click the following link to remove your address from our mailing list : http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement the best brewed beverage ! it 's different . . . it 's delicious and it could be yours - free ! because it 's non-alcoholic brewed beverage made from pure fruit and barley with a fresh new taste . so , click below an win a case now or phone the hotline to have bbsoda delivered directly to your door . http : / / capitalfm . com / bbsoda / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement on the piste ? fresh snow , packed powder or no snow at all ? find out by checking out the ski reports now ! with 180 resorts updated up to 3 times a day , you can always keep up to date with the ideal snow conditions . do n't take-off without taking it in ! http : / / capitalfm . com / cgi-bin 3 / webobjects / skiweather * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement do you think you can beat the music maestros that won in our last fantasy record label game ? here 's your chance to prove it and reap the rewards . our top twixter will walk away with an elonex webrider pc , so play the twix ' buddy up with the beat ' . hurry up , the sooner you start , the better your chances are of winning . http : / / www . fantasyrecordlabel . com
",1
388,"Subject: get your business on the internet now ! !
 
 internet marketing starter kit = 20 an on - line marketing course = 20 get your business on the internet now ! ! have you thought about starting your own internet business ? do you like t = he idea of working when you want and = a0from the comfort of your own home ? = a0 = tired of = a0driving to a job that offers no real hope of financial independence ? = = a0it 's time to stop making your boss rich and start reaping the incredible profi = ts that are being made every day on the internet . = 20 there has never been a better time to start your own business . with the internet in it 's infancy the future is very bright for on line marketing . getting a business on the web is easy , but you need the tools ! that 's wh = at i provide . = 20 the = a0internet marketing starter kit is an online = a0marketing course that = provides everything you need to get started . it is different from any other marke = ting report you have seen . i walk you through each step you need to take to c = reate a successful on line business . from making a web page , getting it hosted = , writing ad copy to advertising it and bringing in the dough . = 20 this course is the result of over 25 years of sales and marketing for experience . = a0the past 3 1 / 2 years i have been on the internet looking a = t ways to make money . = a0i have used and a wide variety of marketing methods . i = n the end it all came down to this . you can have a terrific product but if no = one knows about it you will never get any customers . that 's what on-line marketing is all about , getting exposure for a product and making it easy = for the customer to buy from = a0you , = a0a = a0 = a0formula that is successful . = 20 all successful internet businesses have a few things in common . . . a ) a we = b site b ) a product = a0c ) a way to sell the product and d ) customers . = a0i = show you how each step of the way . = 20 this year more people will be buying goods and services on line that ever before ! you can have a website selling your products now ! = a0in this rev = ealing , step-by - step on-line marketing course . . . = 20 = 95you will learn how to get internet access for free . = 20 = 95you will learn how to create your own web site . = 20 = 95you will also learn where to get free software that makes it = a0easy to = publish your own site within minutes without extensive on line experience or comp = uter programming knowledge . = 20 = 95you will learn how and where to have your website hosted absolutely fr = ee . = 20 = 95you will learn where to get bulk email software absolutely free and ho = w to use those programs to promote your business . = 20 = 95you will learn where and how to advertise your products on the interne = t for free ! = 95you will learn how to create "" killer "" ad copy to turn the visito = rs to your page into paying customers . = 20 = 95you will learn how to get full versions of thousands of popular softwa = re titles so you can really evaluate them before you buy . = 20 = 95you will learn how to accept credit cards on line for your products w = ith no monthly fees , no credit check and no application or sign up fees . so sign = up for this course today and get on the fast track to profit on the internet = . = 20 here is what some graduates of the course have said . = 20 i = a0ordered the internet marketing starter kit 2 weeks ago . = a0after i fi = nished all the chapters and the web designing tutorial i published my website an = d promoted it using the methods in the course . = a0i was thrilled when order = s started coming in for our diet products business . the first day we advert = ised it i got three orders , the second day i got four . = a0this is great ! = a0th = anks for all your help . = a0 = 20 mike boles , ridgefield , conn . = 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i = a0especially liked the fact that i = a0could accept credit cards at my = a0 = website the = a0same day i = a0signed up for the service . = a0i = a0was turned down = a0by = = a0my = a0bank = a0for a = a0merchant account and did not want to commit to a = a0long term contract = of = a0 $ 59 a = a0month that another = a0service wanted . i am also saving over $ 20 a mont = h on internet = a0access = a0as i = a0now get it free . = a0i = a0was skeptical at first = but i = a0tried = a0it and its everything you = a0claim . = a0the best $ 79 i = a0ever = a0spent ! = 20 sharon ilkes , = a0hiawatha , kansas - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - do n't pass up this opportunity to take advantage of this incredible offer . when you order the starter kit you will receive the complete course in wr = itten form and the course on a 3 . 5 "" diskette . you also get access to a password protected web site where you can download the software you will need to publish your web site and promote it . = 20 = 95free internet access = 20 = 95free web building software = 20 = 95free web hosting = 20 = 95free bulk mail software = 20 = 95accept credit cards with . . = 20 no monthly fees ! = 20 no credit = a0check ! = 20 no sign - up fees ! = 20 = 95learn to write "" killer "" = a0ad copy ! = 20 = 95advertise your web site for free ! = 20 = 95free email = a0lists = 20 = 95step - by - step instructions = 20 = 95guaranteed to get results ! = a0 = 20 order now and receive this special bonus free ! ! ! = 20 order now and you will receive 250 , 000 fresh email addresses harvested fr = om an online service within the last 30 days . = a0you will get a username and a password to access the "" e - list "" from a secret web site with your internet marketing starter kit . = a0that 's not all ! = a0i will personally provide 30 = days of marketing and technical support via email = a0 ( i usually charge $ 90 per hou = r for consulting services . ) = a0 = 20 hold on to your seat there 's more ! you also get more than 100 money makin = g business reports . these reports each tell you about a specific business t = hat you can start . . you can even go into business selling these reports ! = 20 act now ! ! ! = 20 product name : internet marketing starter kit $ 39 . 95 = 20 you will receive your starter kit by us mail . = a0the kit includes . . . = 20 = 953 . 5 "" floppy disk containing the contents of the marketing course . = 20 = 95the complete course in written form . = 20 = 95your username and password to access the on-line course . = 20 rock solid money back guarantee = 20 your satisfaction guaranteed ! = a0if this information is not everything i = have said it is and more , i will provide a complete refund . = a0guaranteed to g = et results ! = a0i am so confident in the information i provide that if you ar = e not completely satisfied i will refund your money . = a0 = 20 you will not be disappointed , i guarantee it ! = 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cut here and mail - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - internet marketing starter kit order form - code kc1 to order by mail send $ 39 . 95 plus $ 4 . 95 s&h total $ 44 . 90 check or money o = rder payable to : = 20 tc schmidt , 4654 e . ave s , suite b-102 , palmdale , ca 93552 = 20 name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
",1
389,"Subject: read this ! !
 
 what have you done with your dreams ? as a member of our team , you can earn a 6 - figure income and travel for pennies on the dollar while working from home . make your vocation . . . . . . your vacation ! ! ! ! ! $ 100 , 000 + first year income * earn $ 2000 - $ 5000 weekly - - starting within 1 - 4 weeks ! * 78 % profit paid daily * no selling * work from home , no overhead , or employees * high tech training and support * not mlm , 100x more profitable * multitrillion dollar travel industry the most incredible part of our business is that all my clients call me ! ! this is not a hobby ! serious inquireies only call the number below for more information there is no obligation ! 24 hour toll free message ! 1-800 - 345-9688 ext 2058
",1
390,"Subject: free gift catalog
 
 look no further if you want the perfect gift for somebody special . for free gift catalog e-mail your mailing address please pardon the intrusion . to be removed type in the subject : remove
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391,"Subject: 
 
 need a photomask ? search no further . . . adtek photomask has been looking for you ! adtek is a photomask supplier that offers extended services and guarantees quality products at a competitive price . exrended services at adtek photomask . . . facilitating the photomask order process from the very beginning and promoting your understanding of the cad procedure this is our specialty and so , it is our priority ! eager to assist you in every possible way experienced in servicing universities worldwide adtek photomask meets all of your photomask needs . interested ? please reply to : serveu @ adtekphotomask . com please visit our web site : www . adtekphotomask . com
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392,"Subject: view the hollander collection
 
 view the hollander collection t h e h o l l a n d e r c o l l e c t i o n f i v e a r t i s t s . o n e f a m i l y gino hollander . painting jim hollander . photography siri hollander . sculpture to view : http : / / www . hollanderart . com scott hollander . photography barbara hollander . writing
",1
393,"Subject: new on capitalfm . com
 
 this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - b * witched - read the book extracts and win a signed copy ! - pop auctions - your chance to own a piece of pop history . - kavana - kav 's here to answer all your questions . - help a london child - donate online to join the fun . - london awards - vote for the city 's favourites . - new singles - the word on the latest new releases . - how to be a dj - pick up tips from the djs and win ! - millennium - the stars pick their favourite tunes ever . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - b * witched - read the book extracts and win a signed copy ! every week until its launch in april we have extracts from b * witched 's new book , with everything you could possibly want to know about edele , keavy , sinead and lindsay . come back each week to pick up your b * witched book tokens and you could win a signed copy ! - pop auctions - your chance to own a piece of pop history . 95 . 8 capital fm has teamed up with qxl , europe 's leading online auction house , to bring you exclusive pop memorabilia auctions to raise money for help a london child . right now you can join the frantic bidding for a watch from sheryl crow 's globe sessions tour . next up is a special 1998 life thru a lens tour t-shirt signed by the man of the moment , robbie williams . come to http : / / capitalfm . com and click the qxl icon in the right hand toolbar . - kavana - kav 's here to answer all your questions . you sent in virtual mountains of questions for kavana and he ' ll be here to answer the very best questions as his new album , ' instinct , ' is released . did he answer you . . . ? - help a london child - donate online to join the fun . halc is of course about helping london 's kids and we could n't do that without your support . you ' ll be able to donate online and keep check on the total amount raised for the big event . - london awards - vote for the city 's favourites . it 's that time of year again , and we need you to vote online for your favourites from the worlds of music , showbiz and sport . at the end of the month you ' ll be able to watch the winners live with our exclusive webcast from the ceremony . - new singles - the word on the latest new releases . we ' ll be taking our regular look at the very latest singles . this week we serve up new slices of pop from b * witched , manic street preachers , the beautiful south and the return of roxette . - how to be a dj - pick up tips from the djs and win ! each week a different 95 . 8 capital fm jock shares their secrets on how to get to the top , and we kick off with london 's favourite morning man , chris tarrant . read every week and you could win the chance to hang out in the studio with a dj ! - millennium - the stars pick their favourite tunes ever . 95 . 8 capital fm 's new show has a home on the web . every night the stars tell simon ross their favourite songs of the millennium and you can listen in online with our spectacular extravaganza . all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement fed up of paying a monthly subscription for your internet access ? ? ? "" breathe net , a leading isp , are pleased to announce that they have teamed up with capital radio , to give you free internet access . along with this you ' ll receive 5 free e-mail addresses , 10mb web space and technical support 24 hours a day , 365 days a year ( calls charged at 50p per minute ) . simply visit the capital radio internet cafe to pick up your free cd , go to : http : / / www . breathe . co . uk / breathenet to order on-line or telephone 0800 783 7439 to order your free cd . "" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement buying your new home has never been easier ! all you need to do is visit propertycapital . we have links with some of the best organisations so finding the right home has never been easier . watch carefully . . . there are many new features coming to propertycapital and prizes to be won ! http : / / capitalfm . com / propertycapital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement just a click away from paradise . . . save money on all your books , videos and cd s and computer games . we have a huge selection with great discounts on all your favourite titles all under one virtual roof - visit any one of the sites and just click onto the next . easy ! this week saw the video release of lock stock and 2 smoking barrels , one of the hottest british films to hit the screens last year . to get your copy at 20 % discount , click here . http : / / www . videoparadise . com happy shopping ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement you want to be a winner ? the competition zone - where everyone should go and where many have gone before . . . free holidays , cinema tickets , beer , beverages and weekend breaks . you still here ? well click below now and enter one of the fabulous competitions with prizes just waiting to be won . http : / / capitalfm . com / compzone / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
",1
394,"Subject: did you get your information yet ?
 
 a vacation just for you ! to the most exotic place on earth . . . . . . florida ! special online promotional vacation package is brought to you for a limited time only , so don ' t wait ! vist our website now for more information on price and package info . ( sorry , offer not available to travel agents for resale ) offer now available world wide ! ! ! for full details go to : http : / / 3438189349 / ma / nutty2 / trip . html ( must use internet explorer )
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395,"Subject: strengthen your marriage or relationship
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - increase your sexual potential - strengthen your marriage or relationship - increase lust and romance - better foreplay - exercises anyone can do - increase passion and desire - be able to have sex more times a day - satisfy your partners needs its time to put futher enjoyment into your life , time is limited so use it to its full pleasure . order our informational guide to strengthen your marriage or relationship for our print value of $ 9 . 00 . we will rush your guide to you within days of receiving your payment . ordering instructions are below . order by mail send payment to : k . c . smith 10 east louisiana evansville , in 47711 make sure to write your address twice to ensure delivery .
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396,"Subject: get your bills under control with monthly bill manager 98 / 99
 
 look for a great program to get your bills under control . then look no futher , it is here and it 's called monthly bill manager 98 . download . com gives it most popular and top picks . review from zdnet ( 5 out of 5 stars ) monthly bill manager 98 is a personal-finance management system . it enables you to easily track your bills , payments , credit cards , \ loans , savings , and checking on a monthly basis . set your own groups to link bills , then budget your payments . the attractive interface offers lots of power , with a multipane window tabbed and indexed to put all of the controls at your fingertips . drag and drop payments into envelopes for the current month or preset your payments and transfers to minimize routine activities . you can choose from an editable icon library to mark your various accounts and payments . reports summarize your data to quickly show what your financial status is . the wizard-style setup sequence gets you up and running quickly by establishing your accounts , payments , and groups . on - line help , a text manual , sample data , and control tooltips provide assistance in learning the program features . if you need a powerhouse tool to track your bills and budgeting , take a look at monthly bill manager 98 . you can download the full working version and try it for 45 days . download monthly bill manager 98 http : / / www . mjksw . com / shareware / mbm98 . exe download monthly bill manager 99 ( beta ) http : / / www . mjksw . com / shareware / mbm99s . exe order it online at https : / / www . ecverify . com / ecverify / ssl / vendor / 111 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * order monthly bill manager 98 before april 1st and get monthly bill manager 99 free * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * marc a . hale mjk software writers , inc . http : / / www . mjksw . com marchale @ mjksw . com
",1
397,"Subject: win a free trip to antigua
 
 win a free trip to antigua just by visiting our site http : / / www . kingscasino . com anitgua 's largest casino and # 1 entertainment center now offers online gambling . open over 10 years with over 3 million visitors . king 's casino is a real casino ; it 's not just in cyberspace . located in downtown antigua where the cruise ships dock . so next time in antigua visit us in person during your cruise or from your hotel . or now on-line so click here at http : / / www . kingscasino . com featuring the finest graphics and the most fun to play . to be removed from receiving any more information click here mailto : remove @ kingscasino . com
",1
398,"Subject: come see the sunshine !
 
 a vacation just for you ! to the most exotic place on earth . . . . . . florida ! special online promotional vacation package is brought to you for a limited time only , so don ' t wait ! vist our website now for more information on price and package info . ( sorry , offer not available to travel agents for resale ) offer now available world wide ! ! ! for full details go to : http : / / % 361 % 36 % 340 % 35 % 36 % 365 @ 3438189349 / ak2 / robber9 / trip . html to be removed from these promotional mailings go to : http : / / % 361 % 36 % 340 % 35 % 36 % 365 @ 3438189349 / ak2 / robber9 / removepage . html
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399,"Subject: new at capitalfm . com
 
 this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - another level - chat live with the group this tuesday ! - whitney houston - win whitney 's entire back catalogue . - b * witched - read the book extracts and win a signed copy . - latest bargains - pick up the very latest cds from only 9 . 99 . - westlife - ronan 's band go under the spotlight . - how to be a dj - pick up tips from the djs and win ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - another level - chat live with the group this tuesday ! there 's no stopping wayne , dane , bobak and mark . not only are they off on a uk tour in april and have a stream of fab new releases , they ' ll be here for a webchat on the evening of tuesday 23rd march . start thinking up your tough questions now ! - whitney houston - win whitney 's entire back catalogue . she 's the diva to end them all , and to celebrate the success of her fantastic album , ' my love is your love , ' we ' ll be offering you the chance to win all her albums ! this is the place for the very best prizes . - b * witched - read the book extracts and win a signed copy ! every week until its launch in april we have extracts from b * witched 's new book , with everything you could possibly want to know about edele , keavy , sinead and lindsay . come back each week to pick up your b * witched book tokens and you could win a signed copy ! - latest bargains - pick up the very latest cds from only 9 . 99 . we always have the best music at amazing prices , but sometimes we out do ourselves . you can pick up the latest albums from the likes of blur , britney spears , kula shaker and emilia from only 9 . 99 right here . - westlife - ronan 's band go under the spotlight . they ' ve barely begun but you know they ' re going to be huge . we tear the hottest new band away from ronan keating 's guiding hand and sit them under the spotlight for some probing , and frankly bizarre , questions . - how to be a dj - pick up tips from the djs and win ! each week a different 95 . 8 capital fm jock shares their secrets on how to get to the top , this week featuring everyone 's favourite evening host , james cannon . read every week and you could win the chance to hang out in the studio with a dj ! all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement want to see england play france this weekend ? imagine a full vip hospitality day at twickenham to see the clash of the titans on sat march 20th . we have a pair of tickets ( with unlimited hospitality ) to give away ! click on the link below and enter your details for your chance to win this once in a life-time package . http : / / capitalfm . com / englandvfrance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement fed up of paying a monthly subscription for your internet access ? ? ? "" breathe net , a leading isp , are pleased to announce that they have teamed up with capital radio , to give you free internet access . along with this you ' ll receive 5 free e-mail addresses , 10mb web space and technical support 24 hours a day , 365 days a year ( calls charged at 50p per minute ) . simply visit the capital radio internet cafe to pick up your free cd , go to : http : / / www . breathe . co . uk / breathenet to order on-line or telephone 0800 783 7439 to order your free cd . "" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement sore feet . . . heavy heart ? forget patrolling the high street looking for the best property deals . property broker lets you sit at home , work or wherever you have access to the internet and browse hundreds of properties , at your leisure ! so , get connected with the best . . . http : / / www . propertybroker . co . uk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement you want to be a winner ? the competition zone - where everyone should go and where many have gone before . . . free holidays , cinema tickets , beer , beverages and weekend breaks . you still here ? well click below now and enter one of the fabulous competitions with prizes just waiting to be won . http : / / capitalfm . com / compzone / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
",1
400,"Subject: search no more for . . . credibility ! ! !
 
 what have you done with your dreams ? as a member of our team , you can earn a 6 - figure income and travel for pennies on the dollar while working from home . make your vocation . . . . . . your vacation ! ! ! ! ! $ 100 , 000 + first year income * earn $ 2000 - $ 5000 weekly - - starting within 1 - 4 weeks ! * 78 % profit paid daily * no selling * work from home , no overhead , or employees * high tech training and support * not mlm , 100x more profitable * multitrillion dollar travel industry the most incredible part of our business is that all my clients call me ! ! this is not a hobby ! serious inquireies only call the number below for more information there is no obligation ! 24 hour toll free message ! 1-800 - 345-9688 ext 2050
",1
401,"Subject: stocks on the move !
 
 pdc innovative industries inc . ( symbol pdci ) , otc bulletin board is prepared for a big move says stock market analysts . recently reverse split 40 for 1 and currently trading at 4 dollars per share . if the stock hits 3 split level the price could easily hit 10 to 12 dollars per share . pdci recently announces major news concerning production and sales projections . for more info check dow jones historical new .
",1
402,"Subject: ez finance
 
 we never send e-mail unsolicited . if you want to unsubscribe you from our listing , send e-mail to tiamo @ looksmart . com with the subject . ez finance mortgage and loan call 808-942 - 2224 or stop by http : / / www . mortgage2u . com / good credit bad credit o . k do n't worry about your credit . we will get you money to start new .
",1
403,"Subject: * time share *
 
 * time share * in beautiful british columbia , canada studio apartment * for sale * the owner of this beautiful condo time share has decided to sell to the public one of his personal time shares in canada . this offer will not last for ever so please act now , go to http : / / www . maxcyber . net / grande . htm to see it . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this time share can be used as a investment or any thing under the sun . the value of it is over $ 7 , 500 . the owner only wants $ 2 , 600 please remember that you pay only once and enjoy it for life time . so go on and visit , this opportunity might pass you buy , if you do n't act now ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * http : / / www . maxcyber . net / grande . htm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ this message was composed by a cybermailagent service . if you wish to be removed from this advertiser 's future mailings , please reply with the subject "" remove "" and this service will automatically block you from their future mailings . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
",1
404,"Subject: requested
 
 international driver ' s license need a new driver 's license ? too many points or other trouble ? want a license that can never be suspended or revoked ? want id for nightclubs or hotel check-in ? avoid tickets , fines , and mandatory driver 's education . protect your privacy , and hide your identity . the united nations gave you the privilege to drive freely throughout the world ! ( convention on international road traffic of september 19 , 1949 & world court decision , the hague , netherlands , january 21 , 1958 ) take advantage of your rights . order a valid international driver 's license that can never be suspended or revoked . confidentiality assured . call now ! ! ! 1-937 - 586-9313
",1
405,"Subject: offering closes march 31 , 1999
 
 offering closes march 31 , 1999 this announcement is not an offer to sell nor a solicitation of an offer to buy these securities . the offering is made only by the prospectus . net world marketing , inc . 10 , 000 , 000 common shares _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ price $ 0 . 10 per share _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ copies of the prospectus may be obtained directly from the company . copies of the prospectus may be obtained only in such states where the offering may be legally distributed . net world marketing , inc . 400 n . woodlawn , suite 18 wichita , ks 67208 tel : ( 800 ) 992-6616 fax : ( 316 ) 688-0998
",1
406,"Subject: wow . . . this is incredible !
 
 a vacation just for you ! to the most exotic place on earth . . . . . . florida ! special online promotional vacation package is brought to you for a limited time only , so don ' t wait ! vist our website now for more information on price and package info . ( sorry , offer not available to travel agents for resale ) offer now available world wide ! ! ! for full details go to : http : / / 3438189349 / al / blackkeys / trip5 . html
",1
407,"Subject: new at http : / / capitalfm . com
 
 this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - help a london child - do n't miss the fun this weekend ! - cranberries - win tickets and check out the new album . - lovestation - we take you inside their studio . - sneak peek - check out tomorrow 's hits today . - roxette - per and marie go under the spotlight . - b * witched - read the book extracts and win a signed copy . - how to be a dj - pick up tips from the djs and win ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - help a london child - do n't miss the fun this weekend ! easter weekend is help a london child weekend and you can keep up with all the action at capitalfm . com and donate online . the auctions , the events , the stars and our incredible totalizer which will show the amount raised so far . - cranberries - win tickets and check out the new album . they ' re back with a new album ' bury the hatchet ' - we take a look and give you the chance to order your copy now . plus the chance to win tickets to see the band play live . - lovestation - we take you inside their studio . lovestation are in the studio starting work on their debut album . we take you behind the scenes to find out what really goes on the other side of pop 's closed doors in the first of our exclusive reports . - sneak peek - check out tomorrow 's hits today . every week we serve up the latest new singles for you to check out and now we ' re going one better . you can now check out the best singles due to be released in the weeks ahead and vote on your tip for the top . - roxette - per and marie go under the spotlight . the swedish duo have a new album out and we subject them to a torrent of questions in our weekly under the spotlight series . can you guess who their favourite muppet is . . . ? - b * witched - read the book extracts and win a signed copy ! every week until its launch in april we have extracts from b * witched 's new book , with everything you could possibly want to know about edele , keavy , sinead and lindsay . come back each week to pick up your b * witched book tokens and you could win a signed copy ! - how to be a dj - pick up tips from the djs and win ! each week a different 95 . 8 capital fm jock shares their secrets on how to get to the top , this week featuring the man whose finger never leaves the pulse of news , howard hughes . read every week and you could win the chance to hang out in the studio with a dj ! all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement win tickets to the uefa semi-final - courtesy of mastercard as official sponsors of the uefa champions league , mastercard is offering the chance of a lifetime . . . you could win a pair of tickets to see the clash of the titans - manchester utd v juventus at old trafford on wednesday april 7th . the cream of the continent 's footballing dynasties has been narrowed down , so be prepared for a showdown ! click below to enter now ! http : / / capitalfm . com / mastercard / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement bb in the spotlight . . . starring four juicy flavours spreading across the country in a mission to quench the thirst of millions . bbsoda is delicious , 100 % naturally brewed , 100 % full of flavour , packed with taste and you could win a crate free ! click below for a preview . bbsoda - coming soon to a tv screen near you . . . http : / / capitalfm . com / bbsoda / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement bid for charity in the run up to easter weekend , capital fm is building up fundraising activity for the annual help a london child appeal . as part of the activity , we have put together some fantastic auction packages which you can bid online for . these include hospitality at crystal palace fc and london scottish rugby club , trips to see the big breakfast and a very special double platinum award , as presented to b * witched , signed by the band . all of the money bid by you will go to help a london child , thanks in advance for your continued support . you can bid on any of these items and more by visiting : http : / / www . qxl . com / vendors / radio / halc / halc . shtml _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement you want to be a winner ? the competition zone - where everyone should go and where many have gone before . . . free holidays , cinema tickets , beer , beverages and weekend breaks . you still here ? well click below now and enter one of the fabulous competitions with prizes just waiting to be won . http : / / capitalfm . com / compzone / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
",1
408,"Subject: adv : "" free download "" register your web site on over 800 + search engines "" instanly ""
 
 this is a responsible email being sent by k . m . a . 4401 vineland road , orlando fl 32811 tel . ( 407 ) 422-6784 . email remove @ mrmailer . com the above statement complies with section 301 requirements relating to transmissions of unsolicited commercial electronic mail . to remove your name from our mailing list immediately , please refer to the statement at the bottom of this message . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = "" free download "" . register your web site to over 800 + search engines "" instantly "" . version # 4 . 3b just released i would like to inform you about a new , and exciting award winning product that will save you both countless hours , and increase your exposure on the internet immeasurably ! known as the submission wizard , our program offers web users such as yourself the ability to automatically submit your site to over 800 + search engines in just one session . select from different categories , even countries , the choice is yours . the submission process is very simple , efficient , and most importantly , fast . all you do is provide standard site information ( i . e . site name , address , description , and a few well chosen keywords ) . the submission wizard takes this information and changes it into the format required by each different engine , then registers your web site . it 's that simple ! in addition , the wizard 's database of search engines and directories is constantly being updated every week , thus giving your site fresh and relevant exposure . also , the wizard allows you to register multiple url 's . just imagine the possibilities ! take charge of your web exposure . try out the submission wizard demo free by following the provided hyperlink . we know you ' ll be as excited about it as we are ! for your free download visit our site at http : / / www . powersubmitter . com = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = promoteone . . . get to # 1 on the search engines new publication . one of the most frequently asked questions is , "" how do i get my site listed to the top of the search engines ? "" ( i . e . , yahoo , excite , infoseek , webcrawler , hotbot , lycos , & altavista ) here is the answer : now available is "" the step by step guide to successfully promoting a web site , "" which has been designed to teach you everything you need to know about each of the major search engines . this information is valuable to know before you request search engines to add your web site to . by combining the information you learn from "" the guide "" and by using the incredible power and flexibility of submission wizard to actually list your web site , you are well on your way to making the investment in a web presence pay off . what most people do n't realize when they try to list their web site with search engines is that each one has it 's own way of doing things . what you know ahead of time could make the difference between finding your site or not . for more information on this book please visit http : / / www . powersubmitter . com and go to our link marked "" how to get to the top of the search engines . "" for further details . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = thank you for your time , and good luck with your web promotion . d . reynolds customer services . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - we are currently consolidating our many mailing lists and need to update our databases . our records indicate that you may have inquired in the past . if this is not the case , please reply with "" remove "" in the subject field to never receive email offers from this vendor .
",1
409,"Subject: free copy of "" selling it products to the government marketplace ""
 
 hi , over 100 , 000 sales professionals have read our informative white paper report "" selling it products and services to the government marketplace "" . this is a free report . there are no ifs , ands or buts , it 's free . now i ' m announcing the completion of the updated and new report . just call me at 1-800 - 537-3786 and receive information on how to get the report on the internet within 5 minutes , at no cost and no obligation . i hope you enjoy it . feel free to forward this message to other interested parties . thank you , john raymond executive vice president ps : my research shows that this information is of interest to you . if you prefer , place "" remove "" in the subject line and you will be promptly removed . sorry for the inconvenience .
",1
410,"Subject: we created this just for you !
 
 a vacation just for you ! to the most exotic place on earth . . . . . . florida ! special online promotional vacation package is brought to you for a limited time only , so don ' t wait ! vist our website now for more information on price and package info . ( sorry , offer not available to travel agents for resale ) offer now available world wide ! ! ! for full details go to : http : / / 3438189349 / ak2 / pic73 / trip . html for removal from our mailing list please go to : http : / / 3438189349 / ak2 / pic73 / removepage . html
",1
411,"Subject: financial freedom while your sleeping
 
 dear achiever , are you interested in a new online business ? a new company has put together a very unique and powerful high - tech on-line recruiting system . this system is so powerful it is protected under u . s . copyright laws . you have never seen a powerful high tech recruiting system like this ! sign up new members direct from your own state-of - the-art free web site . your time is valuable so i ' ll be direct and to the point : you have - no products to sell . - no personal sponsoring required . - no meetings . - no distributor kits to buy . - free internet web site ! - automated online recruiter . - commited upline . - one customer - you ! if you do nothing it will happen . if you do something it will happen even faster ! for more information , send e-mail to : 1hottbiz @ angelfire . com and put "" interested "" in the subject . you will receive more free information by return mail . thanks for bearing with me . i do believe that this information is worth it ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ this message was composed using extractor pro ' 98 bulk e - mail software . if you wish to be removed from this advertiser 's future mailings , please reply with the subject "" remove "" and this software will automatically block you from their future mailings .
",1
412,"Subject: scitech international , inc . - your resource for scientific , engineering and technical software
 
 hello , welcome to scitech international , your source for more than 2 , 000 of the most popular and some of the most obscure tools for scientific , engineering , education , and technical computing . if you wish to be removed from this list , please let us know immediately . we would be happy to do so . whether you ' re interested in astronomy or zoology , we can almost guarantee that you ' ll find at least one tool that will satisfy your needs . please check out our web site : http : / / www . scitechint . com you can browse our web site and do full text keyword searches of all the information in our product database . some products can be purchased online . we have over 100 different downloadable demos on our site to help you to make the right choice for your applications . if you can't find a product - or if you find the choice overwhelming - be sure to drop us an e-mail to info @ scitechint . com , or pick up the phone ( 7 : 00 am to 6 : 00 pm u . s . central time ) and call our technical sales department for help at 1 . 773 . 486 . 9191 ( international ) or 1 . 888 . 462 . 6232 ( domestic ) . we ' re not trying to win any awards for the most fun or exciting web site . what we are trying to do is to build the ultimate database information about the best scientific and engineering software products available , and keep it up-to - date . if you are a scientist , engineer , or educator , be sure to bookmark the scitech internet catalog today . one final word about scitech . we do n't write software or manufacture hardware - service is our product . our goal , plain and simple , is to get you the right product , quickly , at the best price . best regards , christian staudinger senior product manager scitech international , inc . phone : 773-486 9191 / ext . 252 web : http : / / www . scitechint . com
",1
413,"Subject: adv : y2k . . . pristine , remote wilderness acreage .
 
 the perfect get-a - way is just a click away . . . http : / / www . envst100 . com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - note : we mail to people whom we feel are interested in what we have to offer and do not allow anyone else to use our list . once in a while we ' ll notify you of web sites , products , services and promotions that could be of special interest to you . we respect your right to privacy . if you do not wish to receive these notices and prefer never to hear from us , simply click on the link provided and put remove in the subject line mailto : tmedia1 @ idmail . com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - error - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",1
414,"Subject: the inside scoop !
 
 this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - australia - chris tarrant and crew down under . - geri - hear the new single ! - beautiful south - we take you to the gig . - dj winner - we have one lucky winner who will meet a dj . - another level - win tickets , special offers and live review . - backstreet boys - end of the century record . - the cardigans - win tickets and pick up some good deals . - martin collins - takes you on a video tour . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - australia - chris tarrant and crew down under . the breakfast show are in australia . follow their antics and enter to win a trip to the biggest millennium party ever - right in sydney harbour . - geri - hear the new single ! the 5th former spice is back and her new single is called ' look at me ' . be the first to hear it by listening to the breakfast show on friday the 16th . but if you miss it , you can always check it out on the site later that day . - beautiful south - we take you to the gig . another installment of our live reviews series . this time beautiful south are playing live and we ' ll be right there . - dj winner - we have one lucky winner who will meet a dj ! we ' ve been running a series with dj tips on how to make it to the top . next week we ' ll announce the lucky winner who will sit in during a show in our studios . find out if you ' re the lucky one ! - another level - win tickets ! another level are finally playing live and you could be there in person ! come to the site for your chance to win ! - backstreet boys - end of the century record . they are back to rule the end of the century with ' millennium ' . the first single from the album is out now and we have all the inside info on the boys . - the cardigans - win tickets and pick up some good deals . the swedish band are in london and we have tickets to give away for their gig at the albert hall . do n't miss out on your chance to be there in person . - martin collins - takes you on a video tour . martin collins will take you around the home of capital radio , leicester square . now a tourist mecca , the square has gone through some drastic changes over the years . make sure to tune in and get your personal tour . all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement an interview with bill gates [ . tv ] invites you to spend an hour with bill gates on saturday 17th april at 7 . 00pm . join us for an exclusive interview with the founder of the microsoft empire . to find out about this and other [ . tv ] programmes visit the website of ' the technology channel ' @ http : / / www . tvchannel . co . uk * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement the chance in a millennium ! you could win the chance to be in sydney for the biggest millennium party ever ! a week in sydney and then a week up the gold coast taking in the atmosphere ( and fosters lager of course ) . so what are you waiting for ? find the hidden treasure and you could be aboard a cathay pacific flight for the party of a lifetime ! ! http : / / capitalfm . com / fostralia1 / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement how much would you pay . . . . . . for a boyzone album signed by the band ? time to empty the piggy bank and grab this exclusive piece of pop memorabilia now ! this signed album is only on offer until friday 16th april . click on the qxl icon in the right hand toolbar and get bidding . all the money goes to help a london child . http : / / capitalfm . com / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement ruck and roll is here to stay ! as the rugby world cup gets closer by the second and the teams 's crum down ' for the biggest rugby event of the year , scrum . com has the latest on the greatest . with all the information every rugby fan / player needs to know , scrum . com gears up for the biggest tournament yet ! click the link below and keep in touch . . . http : / / www . scrum . com /
",1
415,"Subject: junk mail : books for linguists
 
 plurabelle books has a new catalogue of second hand and out of print books in linguistics and history of linguistics available . it contains 250 titles . please ask for your free copy of the catalogue ( please include your mailing address if you want a paper copy ) or visit us on the net http : / / www . plurabelle . co . uk / lingu . htm or write to dr michael cahn plurabelle books 77 garden walk cambridge cb4 3ew tel 0044 - 1223 - 366680 , fax - 571105 lingu @ plurabelle . co . uk we only sell books we would like to read open anytime at http : / / www . plurabelle . co . uk
",1
416,"Subject: adv : get paid to surf the net ! ( 8820 )
 
 earn while you learn ! call toll - free 1-877 - 271-4562 authorization code : lb100 we are looking for people who would like to get paid for starting their own business on the world wide web . if you are like millions of other families , you have already considered making money on the internet , but were afraid to spend $ 3000 . 00 to $ 4000 . 00 just to get started ! the simple truth is , as one of the fastest growing internet service providers ( isp ) on the web , we get paid for generating traffic . the more traffic , the more money , more traffic , more money and so on . you pick the business you would like to start , and we will provde all the tools and secrets to earning the kind of money you have only heard about . if you do n't have a business in mind , we have one for you ! we pay 15 % to 75 % for every referral you generate ? did you know most poeple want to sit at their computer and earn money ? do you know anyone , who would n't work for themselves if the money were right ? do you know anyone who does n't have less than $ 100 . 00 to start his or her own busness ? the internet is still just in the infancy stage , where anything will sell with the right marketing strategies . our program is specifically designed for beginners , looking for step-by - step instruction for internet profits ! you get : free internet access ( up to 56k connection ) free web site and hosting ( s ) free html and cgi programs for custom built sites ! free programs and software ! plus free advertising for the next 12 months . now here is the key : knowledge is the key to success , which is why you receive all of these products and services for free ! all you pay is $ 97 . 00 which will include the next 12 strategies , marketing solutions , and personal consultation . while the internet changes very quickly , so does the effectiveness of your advertising efforts , although some secrets remain constant , certainly the most important protocols do change . this could mean the difference between being listed as # 1 to # 32 , 567 on the search engines . have you ever seen # 32 , 567 on the search engines ? well , neither does anyone else ! the real question : "" are you willing to spend thirty minutes a day workin for yurself ? "" we are so confident you will start earning immediate income , we gurarantee it . if you are not earning income within the first 45 days of using this program , return everything with the first 60 days to recive a complete refund . you have nothing to lose , and everything to gain . tor order call toll-free 1-877 - 271-4562 live operators are waiting to take your call in interested in becoming a distributor , call toll-free 1-888 - 883-7086 . save the trees ! advertise via email - - the way to the new millenium delete with one easy keystroke . thank you ! this mailing is being done by an independent advertising company . we apologize if this message has reached you in errorclick here to be removed * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 90397
",1
417,"Subject: welcome to jokes internet magazine - cn : 80924609220
 
 confirmation number : 80924609220 if you wish to subscribe to jokes free daily ezine please press reply and then send for confirmation ( please make sure you leave the confirmation line : "" confirmation number : [ number ] "" above in the email ! ! ) the above confirmation number line ( including the label confirmation number : ) must be left in the return message for our robot to process . if you have signed up in error or someone else has attemped to sign you up , please either ignore this email or type "" cancel "" in the subject heading of a reply to this message and press send . you will then be removed from our records . you should receive your first issue shortly . enter the jokes4u $ 100 , 000 sweepstakes and you can be that much richer ! ! ! hurry up and enter today before the big drawing ! ! ! no purchase necessary - no strings attached ! ! ! http : / / www . jokes4u . com / sweepstakes . html http : / / www . jokes4u . com / sweepstakes . html note you will never be charged for jokes4u , and we will never give or sell your address to anyone . please note by replying to this message you are agreeing with our disclaimer : jokes4u is not liable for the content in each issue . you should be of mature age in order to receive this ezine ! please note . this confirmation was sent because it was requested by someone at ip : 141 . 85 . 99 . 7 claiming to be you . if you did not ask to subscribe to this magazine then please email abuse @ jokes4u . com . regards john jokes4u magazine
",1
418,"Subject: april vip specials from legend micro , inc .
 
 vip customer specials - april 20 legend micro inc . toll free - 1-800 - 745-4945 3200 south arlington road local - 330-644 - 7955 akron , oh 44312 fax - 330-645 - 7183 http : / / www . legendmicro . com / email - sales @ legendmicro . com * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * april vip specials * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * cybervision c70 17 "" monitors - 3 year warranty - $ 219 save $ 10 off of regular retail web price . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - phoenix voodoo banshee 16mb 3d video cards - $ 89 save $ 10 off of regular retail web price . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - motherboard kits save $ 15 off of regular retail web price . bcm 440bx atx motherboard w / processor and 64mb pc100 memory . intel celeron intel pentium ii 366mhz $ 259 350mhz $ 339 400mhz $ 289 400mhz $ 449 intel pentium iii 450mhz $ 614 500mhz $ 839 shuttle hot591p at motherboard w / processor and 64mb pc100 memory . amd k6 - 2 350 $ 224 amd k6 - 2 400 $ 254 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - please mention this email special when ordering to recieve this special vip pricing
",1
419,"Subject: you have been asked to join bancuri
 
 the list owner of : "" bancuri "" has invited you to join their mailing list at listbot . you must reply to this message to join the list . = = simply reply with a blank message to join . = = the list owner has included the following welcome message : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = vrei sa primesti in fiecare zi un e-mail cu cel mai tare banc al zilei ? tot ce trebuie sa faci , este sa te inscrii la lista de bancuri a celui mai tare site in domeniu : http : / / bancuri . hypermart . net vrei sa razi ? vrei sa te simti bine ? esti trist ? ti se pare ca nimic nu merge cum trebuie ? vino la adresa de mai sus si nu vei regreta . tarif 3 zambete / minut . web master = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = this verification message is used to confirm that we are able to send you mail , and protects you in case someone forges a subscription request in your name . if you believe this was a forged subscription request , ignore this message and you will not be added to the mailing list . if you are having problems using the reply function in your e-mail client , the address to respond to is : v - 8ea7f93f5be42d59 @ listbot . com listbot puts you in control , letting you manage all of your list subscriptions from a single web site . visit http : / / www . listbot . com / cgi-bin / subscriber if you wish to unsubscribe or manage your list subscription for this or other listbot lists . visit this list 's home page at : http : / / bancuri _ glume . listbot . com thanks ! sincerely , the listbot team part of the linkexchange family at http : / / www . linkexchange . com /
",1
420,"Subject: a vacation just for you !
 
 for full details go to : http : / / 3480473412 / web22b5f / trip . html to the most exotic place on earth . . . . . . florida ! special online promotional vacation package isbrought to you for a limited time only , so don ' t wait ! vist our website now for more information on price and package info . ( sorry , offer not available to travel agents for resale ) offer now available world wide ! ! ! for full details go to : http : / / 3480473412 / web22b5f / trip . html
",1
421,"Subject: new at capitalfm . com
 
 this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - fierce - the hottest r&b girls chat online next wednesday . - texas - a massive competition and awesome bargains . - hot offers - save a fortune on the newest releases . - another level - we report from their soulful live shows . - wired for sound - we surf for the best music on the web . - winning lines - win mariah carey videos in our weekly comp . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - fierce - the hottest r&b girls chat online next wednesday . the newest r&b sensation are already hitting the charts with their second single ' dayz like that ' and the trio will be here at 6 . 30pm on wednesday 5th may to chat live . get your searching questions ready for the friendly fierce and pop in ! - texas - a massive competition and awesome bargains . their much anticipated new album ' the hush ' is out soon and we ' ve got a texas extravaganza to celebrate . you could win signed copies or a mysteriously spectacular first prize , pre-order the album for only 11 . 99 and pick up their classics from only 7 . 99 . - hot offers - save a fortune on the newest releases . it 's a great week to pick up some bargains , as we round up the latest albums from 11 . 99 . scoop up new music from the likes of the pretenders , ace of bass , electronic and ben folds five or check out our parade of the best compilation albums . - another level - we report from their soulful live shows . it 's hard to believe , but the guys get more sexy and swinging with each new release . having offered you the chance to win tickets to their concerts we report back on the event so no one misses out . - wired for sound - we surf for the best music on the web . we crank up the volume and track down what 's hot on the musical web . from realaudio to mp3 , from alanis morissette to the beastie boys , we root out exclusive sounds and the future of music . - winning lines - win mariah carey videos in our weekly comp . every week we have a new set of lyrics for you to ponder . if you can tell us which song they come from you could win a wonderful prize . in our prize cupboard right now are mariah carey videos and dvds and they could be yours . all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement cash chaos today at www . beeb . com * win every hour * "" congratulations , you are the lucky winner of 500 this hour in cash chaos at beeb . com "" . to be in with a chance of receiving this email make sure you go to www . beeb . com from 12pm - 9pm wednesday 28th april . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement the latest on the greatest with uefa and mastercard keep a close eye on the uefa champions league site and check out the latest news on the games , teams and players . don t miss out on the greatest football spectacular in europe . click below now ! http : / / capitalfm . com / mastercard / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement you want to be a winner ? the competition zone - where everyone should go and where many have gone before . . . free holidays , cinema tickets , beer , beverages and weekend breaks . you still here ? well click below now and enter one of the fabulous competitions with prizes just waiting to be won . http : / / capitalfm . com / compzone / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
",1
422,"Subject: re : major acquisition !
 
 company : mark i industries symbol : mkii price : 7 / 8 ( $ . 875 / share ) mkii will be completing the acquisition of a major restaurant franchise system with over 40 units . management projects a $ 100 million revenue goal with "" the company 's stock to trade in the $ 4 range . "" mkii is rated an immediate and "" strong buy "" . * click on the following website address or cut and paste it into your website browser : http : / / money . go . com / quote ? ticker = mkii
",1
423,"Subject: webmining
 
 free white paper on data mining web data : http : / / www . webminer . com / paper . htm
",1
424,"Subject: angels - sent to serve mankind
 
 learn to put angels to work ! angels are another race of beings occupying the same space and time as mankind . you can command angels to keep your children safe , to cause money to come into your hands , to protect your property , and to protect you from disease and disaster ! you may find this hard to believe , but i can prove it ! angels are exceedingly strong and of superior intelligence . their history and present mission are plainly described in the bible . they will serve and protect you , but you must take a few minutes to learn how to put them to work . to receive , via e-mail , secrets of putting angels to work in your life , send $ 4 . 00 ( cash , check or money order ) to northeastern associates , po box 278 , woburn , ma 01801 . please include a slip of paper along with your $ 4 . 00 requesting secrets of putting angels to work in your life and including your name , e-mail address and street address ( in case the e-mail should bounce for some reason ) . you owe it to yourself , and to your family , to understand and to put into practice the secrets of putting angels to work in your life ! these secrets have radically improved the life of everyone who has dared to put them into practice !
",1
425,"Subject: lucky you !
 
 congratulations ! you ' ve been selected to enter for a vacation adventure to florida ! for a limited time we bring to you the vacation of a lifetime to promote tourism in florida ! and you ' re the lucky one who might get to take it ! do n't waste time wondering if you ' ll make it , just go for it ! not everyone who registers will qualify ! all names are kept confidential , and never sold in lists . click below to secure your name today ! http : / / 3498702899 / travel22 pleasen reply to : mailto : remlst @ 2bmail . co . uk to be removed from this list ! have a great day !
",1
426,"Subject: review any book , pc or mac software pgm , consumer products and keep them !
 
 we are celebrating our 50th issue of our inet reviews newsletter inet reviews weekly news brief may 7 , 1999 contents : oklahomans pick up the pieces , count the cost book , software , & consumer product reviewers needed top on-line editions of national magazines best seller book list some interesting articles in on-line magazines hot web sites , topics & trends webmaster free link offer need marketing reps - use your computer to earn referral income new web camera site this is a trial issue of our free opt-in weekly newsletter . the purpose of this eclectic newsletter is to alert you to interesting news and information on the web . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - item # 01 : inet reviews needs book , software , consumer product and movie reviewers . you may request any product to review and we have the publisher or manufacturer ship it to your home at no charge . you write a brief review and post it to our web site and you keep the review title . we also need individuals to receive free movie review passes to your local theater to review new movies . for your free reviewer information kit please reply to this email message or to karicohen @ iname . com with the words starter 507b in the message subject line . lead stories oklahomans pick up the pieces , count the cost death toll could double ; survivors sift through rubble and get ready to rebuild | photo essay www . time . com shadow in the shallows the navy 's next nuclear submarine will lurk stealthily offshore , using advanced sensors and weaponry to attack land targets . and it does n't need a periscope www . popsci . com if you like this article , you must read sherry sontag 's blind man 's bluff - the untold story of american submarine espionage . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - item # 02 : top on-line editions of national magazines . time magazine www . time . com fortune magazine www . fortune . com business week www . businessweek . com people magazine www . people . com popular science www . popsci . com usa today www . usatoday . com visit these great magazine sites and bookmark them . check each every few days and save yourself a ton of money by not buying them from the newsstand . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - item # 03 www . amazon . com best seller list - fiction 1 . the girl who loved tom gordon by stephen king 2 . a new song by jan karon 3 . hart 's war : a novel by john katzenbach 4 . the best american short stories of the century by john updike ( introduction ) , et al 5 . bittersweet by danielle steel as a reviewer for inet reviews you may request any book and keep it after you post a brief review to our web site . inet reviews is one of the largest review web sites on the internet . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - item # 04 - interesting articles on the web how the internet hits big music www . fortune . com addicted to sex - www . fortune . com unmasking black holes jean - pierre lasota evidence for black holes was until recently all circumstantial . distinguishing them at a distance from other highly compact , gravitationally massive bodies such as neutron stars is inherently problematic . now astronomers may have direct proof : energy is vanishing from volumes of space without a trace . scientific american http : / / www . sciam . com / 1999 / 0599issue / 0599gonzalez . html - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - item # 05 : hot web sites , trends & topics go to www . hotbot . com they have an mpc search engine . way ahead of the other search engines in this area . mp3 is the fastest growing segment of the web site . what is mp3 ? this is a new file compression that is the standard for compressing music on the internet . it gives you near cd - quality music that you can download . the music publishers hate it with a passion are trying to do everything they can to squash it . so you must get a inexpensive cd-rom writer ( $ 199 after rebate at www . compusa . com ) and start downloading your favorite tunes and making your own mix a copy them down to your own cd . i have a cable modem and can download them fast and have currently created 15 audio cd 's with my favorite tunes . no longer do you have to lay out $ 15 for a cd to get one good song and 11 other fillers . if you have a neat web site that you wish to share with our readers , send it to kristen @ fastermail . com with the single word webpick in the message subject line and the name of the web site and the exact url or web site address in the message body . we will give you a byline under your pick if we use it in an issue of this newsletter . webmasters only : we will pay you a $ 3 . 00 referral fee and put your link on three of our very high traffic web sites . reply to this email with the word uplink in the message subject line . we will email you the complete details . earn referral income with your home computer we have a referral program where you can use your home computer to generate significant monthly referral income . reply to this email with the single word income in the message subject line . we will send you complete information . new web cam site firm is placing a web cam in the homes of three young women . this is not an xxx site but just a web cam site . if you would like a free preview please reply to this email message with the word hidden in the message subject line . we will email you instructions on how to get your free preview . if you cannot reply to our email message for any reason , please send a sase to inet reviews , 6050 peachtree parkway , suite 240-238 , norcross , ga 30092 , attn : starter kit desk . your free review starter kit will be mailed the day we receive your self addressed stamped envelope . * * * * * * * * * * * * * end of inet reviews * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this is an opt-in short weekly newsletter designed to alert you to some mainstream news aspects of the internet and an eclectic mix of interesting web topics , trends & topics . to be removed from our email database please email a message to karicohen @ iname . com with the single word remove in the message subject line . our software will remove your email address from our database . this is an opt-in newsletter trial issue . we do add all remove request to our local remove database .
",1
427,"Subject: stock market information for you
 
 sender : trinity ventures , inc . address : 1911 westmead # 2710 , houston , tx 7707 call or fax toll free : 877-393 - 7237 hours : 9 am to 5 pm cst hi , we received your e-mail address as someone who is interested in stock market information . this e-mail is for informational purposes only . it is not an offer to sell or solicit securities . if you do not wish to receive this type of information , please click on "" reply "" and put "" remove "" in the subject . we will permanently remove your address from our database . to get more news and to help with your due diligence on abrg , go to www . yahoo . com and click on "" stock quotes "" . then put abrg in the symbol lookup area and click on "" get quotes "" . happy investing ! - dean casias president trinity ventures , inc . news release ambra resources group inc . # 610-800 west pender street vancouver , b . c . canada v6c 2v6 symbol abrg ( otc : bb ) acquisition of venture oil & gas , inc . by ambra resources group inc . adds new projects for ambra vancouver , british columbia - may 4 , 1999 ambra resources group inc . ( otc bb : abrg ) , has acquired 50 % ownership of venture oil & gas , inc . ambra will become a 50 % owner in the properties and projects in which venture has an interest . the consideration for ambra 's purchase of 50 % of the capital stock of venture inc . will be one million shares of ambra common stock . as part of this acquisition , venture will assign to ambra , 50 % of its interest in the bastian bay field prospect , state lease "" 9800 "" no . 1 well , in plaquemines parish , louisiana . additional projects will be assigned to ambra by venture as ambra shall have the right at any time to request assignments of 50 % of any or all interests retained by venture in various projects . the primary business of ventures inc . is to acquire oil and gas properties on which re-mediation or re-completion work will result in enhanced recovery rates that will bring the wells back to commercial production . current economic conditions in the petroleum industry facilitate the acquisition of very good properties which larger producing companies have declared as surplus properties . ambra and venture inc . are in the favorable position of being able to acquire such properties while the inventory of such offerings is at high levels . venture is currently negotiating the acquisition of multiple oil and gas projects in texas , louisiana and oklahoma , which the parties anticipate will add significantly to ambra 's resource base of productive projects . by the board of directors john m . hickey , president contact : ambra resources group inc . investor relations : 800-698 - 3377 or 604-669 - 2723 web site : http : / / www . ambraresources . com this release is for informational purposes only . it is not an offer to sell or solicit securities or products of any kind . this release may include information that could constitute forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provision of the private securities litigation reform act of 1995 . any such forward-looking statements may involve risk and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from any future results encompassed within the forward-looking statements . the materials are provided by ambra resources group inc . on an "" as is "" basis . ambra resources group inc . expressly disclaims any and all warranties , expressed or implied , including without limitation , warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose , with respect to the service or any materials and products . in no event shall ambra resources group inc . be liable for any direct , indirect , incidental , punitive or consequential damages of any kind whatsoever with respect to the service , the materials and the products . trinity ventures , inc . has received a fee of $ 5 , 000 to distribute this document . if you would like to permanently remove your e-mail address from our files call or fax us toll free at 877-393 - 7237 ; or just click on "" reply "" and put "" remove "" in the subject .
",1
428,"Subject: lucky you !
 
 congratulations ! you ' ve been selected to enter for a vacation adventure to florida ! for a limited time we bring to you the vacation of a lifetime to promote tourism in florida ! and you ' re the lucky one who might get to take it ! do n't waste time wondering if you ' ll make it , just go for it ! not everyone who registers will qualify ! all names are kept confidential , and never sold in lists . click below to secure your name today ! http : / / members . xoom . com / 278549 pleasen reply to : mailto : mailinbox88 @ usa . net to be removed from this list ! have a great day !
",1
429,"Subject: new on capitalfm . com
 
 this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - extravaganza 1999 - keep up to date with the action . - win notting hill tix - you could be at a special preview ! - live music - all the best gigs from boyzone to the beasties . - s club 7 - get the lowdown on the multimedia sensation . - new singles - this week 's hottest few minutes of new music . - westlife - we put the freshest boy band under the spotlight . - capitalfm . com shop - the very newest and best bargains . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - extravaganza 1999 - keep up to date with the action . between may 29th and june 1st , earls court will be jam-packed with the best bands , top djs , awesome activities , the most fun technology and the latest styles . book your tickets online and keep up with the latest info . - win notting hill tix - you could be at a special preview ! it 's the latest movie from the ' four weddings and a funeral ' team and you could be seeing hugh grant and julia roberts on the big screen before anyone else ! win tickets to an exclusive preview next thursday . - live music - all the best gigs from boyzone to the beasties . you might not be able to make it to every top concert , but we keep you up to speed with the latest gig reviews . this week we ' ve brought you the beastie boys and beautiful south and next week boyzone take to the stage for the hits tour . - s club 7 - get the lowdown on the multimedia sensation . their debut single ' bring it all back ' is out next month , they ' re already on our tvs in ' miami 7 ' and that 's just the beginning . we find out what else is in store for s club 7 . - new singles - this week 's hottest few minutes of new music . every week we round up the latest slices of pure pop to see which cds make us jump up and dance and which make us jump up and run to the ' stop ' button . this week jamiroquai , garbage , chemical brothers and hepburn take the test . - westlife - we put the freshest boy band under the spotlight . we test the limits of our under the spotlight hotseat by squeezing ronan 's youthful fivesome into it . it coped fine with 911 , so if it can stand the strain westlife will endure our searching questions . - capitalfm . com shop - the very newest and best bargains . * you can always get hold of the very latest albums including suede 's ' head music ' and the ' star wars : episode i ' soundtrack for just 11 . 99 each , with uk delivery just 1 for any size order ! . * even better , you can also pre-order forthcoming albums for delivery on the day of release . right now there 's the ' notting hill ' soundtrack ( released 24 / 5 / 99 ) and boyzone 's first ever greatest hits album ' by request ' ( out on 31 / 5 / 99 ) , both at 11 . 99 . * and finally , the song that 's taking the country by storm : ' everybody 's free to wear sunscreen ' comes from baz luhrmann 's new album ' something for everybody ' . you can pre-order this now at 12 . 99 for delivery on the release date , 14 / 6 / 99 . http : / / capitalfm . com / shop all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement tune in to technology [ . tv ] - the first and only technology channel in the uk , brings you it news and analysis , products and services , testing and appraising , tutorials , games , gadgets and gizmos , digital culture , the internet , educational issues and troubleshooting . to find out more visit the [ . tv ] website @ http : / / www . tvchannel . co . uk or call 0990 10 20 30 [ . tv ] - television for the 21st century _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement why wait ? experience it now ! read star wars : episode i the phantom menace available now from bol . com , the new british bookshop on the internet . save 40 % , just 9 . 59 . click link to buy ! http : / / www . uk . bol . com / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement the latest on the greatest with uefa and mastercard keep a close eye on the uefa champions league site and check out the latest news on the games , teams and players . don t miss out on the greatest football spectacular in europe . click below now ! http : / / capitalfm . com / mastercard / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement you want to be a winner ? the competition zone - where everyone should go and where many have gone before . . . free holidays , cinema tickets , beer , beverages and weekend breaks . you still here ? well click below now and enter one of the fabulous competitions with prizes just waiting to be won . http : / / capitalfm . com / compzone / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
",1
430,"Subject: submit 600
 
 this is not spam ; you are receiving this message because you are a member of a safemail list . if you do not wish to be a part of this listclick here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if you want your site to be found submit 600 is definitely for you your web site is of little use unless it can be found by those who might be interested in it . submit your web site to up to 600 different search engines and directories . guaranteed submission to the major search engines including : alta vista aol netfind excite hotbot infoseek lycos , magellan northernlight planet search web crawler yahoo ! netscape snap . com save yourself time and trouble and promote your web site using submit600 today ! ! ! there are more than 40 million web sites and 400 million web pages with more being added every day . thus , today it is more challenging than ever for your site to be easily found . if you want your site to be found click here if have trouble logging on to our url please email us requesting information regarding submit 600 click here
",1
431,"Subject: submit 600
 
 this is not spam ; you are receiving this message because you are a member of a safemail list . if you do not wish to be a part of this listclick here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if you want your site to be found submit 600 is definitely for you your web site is of little use unless it can be found by those who might be interested in it . submit your web site to up to 600 different search engines and directories . guaranteed submission to the major search engines including : alta vista aol netfind excite hotbot infoseek lycos , magellan northernlight planet search web crawler yahoo ! netscape snap . com save yourself time and trouble and promote your web site using submit600 today ! ! ! there are more than 40 million web sites and 400 million web pages with more being added every day . thus , today it is more challenging than ever for your site to be easily found . if you want your site to be found click here if have trouble logging on to our url please email us requesting information regarding submit 600 click here
",1
432,"Subject: i can ' t stand it ! ! ! ! ! ! !
 
 dear internet user : dear internet user : sound familiar ? you = 92re relaxing in front of your tv , enjoying your f = avorite program when all of a sudden it cuts to a screaming voice and = booming music of some commercial that makes your hair stand on end ! y = ou scramble for the remote to lower the volume . then your program returns = and you can barely hear them talking , so you grab = the remote and re-adjust the volume once again . annoying isn = 92t it ? how about when you = 92re changing channels from station to station . = some programs are loud , some you can hardly hear at all . you = 92re consta = ntly adjusting the volume = 96 up , down , up , down , up , down ! automatic television sound regulator &trade = ; - manufactured by sony tm wouldn = 92t it be great if your volume always stayed exactly whe = re you want it ? have we got good news for you ! the automati = c television sound regulator &trade ; ( "" tvsr "" ) has solved the problem . new technology breakthrough = 96 = the tvsr is a patented computerized device that fits in the palm of your = hand . easy to install . simply plug the tvsr into the jacks on the back of your tv set = and attach it to your vcr , satellite dish , cable box , or surround sound s = ystem , any combination , or all four simultaneously . simple to set = 96 once installed = , just hit the volume button on your remote control to the level that = 92s = right for you . that = 92s it ! the tvsr takes over from there . even while c = hannel surfing , when program sound levels can vary from channel to channe = l , the tvsr automatically and instantly raises or lowers audio levels to = your preset level . it is so sophisticated ; it knows the difference betwee = n a whisper and a shout , so it won = 92t interfere with dramatic moments in = your program ! you will never have to adjust your tv volum = e ever again ! even when you turn your tv set off , the tvsr is = so smart it remembers your previous setting , so when you turn your tv bac = k on , the volume remains exactly where you put it . of course , if you eve = r want to change your setting , just hit the volume button ( up or down ) on = your remote and the tvsr will instantaneously adjust to your new setting = . there = 92s nothing to lose = 96 th = e tvsr comes with one - year manufacturer = 92s warranty . try the tvsr for 60 days , risk free ! if you ar = e not completely satisfied , simply return it ( = "" no questions asked "" ) for a full refund of your purchase price = - to order click here&gt ; http : / / www . tvsr . com . we own the technology the tvsr is the only patented device of its kind worldwide = that can be added to your existing television set and auxiliary equipment = , i . e . , vcr , satellite dish , cable , surround sound , etc . manufacturers li = ke rca tm = , sony tm , zenith tm , sharp tm , and panasonic tm , just to name a few , are cu = rrently utilizing our patented technology , why spend $ 600 to $ 1 , 000 for a = new television set that incorporates our technology internally , when for = a fraction of the cost you can own the tvsr . promotional offer ( sorry , currently the tvsr is available for united states and canada r = esidents only ) order the tvsr for only $ 59 . 80 plus s&amp ; h . limited time offer ! ! ! order the tvsr withi = n the next 48 hours and get the tvs = r for $ 44 . 85 plus s&amp ; h , = that = 92s a 25 % saving ! order two or more units and receive the tvsr for = only $ 39 . 95 each plus s&a = mp ; h , plus we will give you an extra year of warranty service free on eac = h tvsr ordered ! that = 92s an additional $ 6 . 00 value per unit . once y = ou experience the tvsr you = 92ll never want to watch tv without it ! ! ! remember : there is absolutely nothing to lose = 96 60 da = y unconditional money back guarantee . click here &gt ; http : / / www . tvsr . com = to or = der the tvsr via our secure on-line shopping web site . &nbsp ; important points : for those of you with dmx systems or a multip = le cd player , the tvsr ( via the audio input / output jacks ) also works great ! we own the worldwide patent rights , that = 92s why we can of = fer you such a reasonable price . the tvsr is not available in stores . we = 92ve developed the technology ; sony &trade ; provided the manufactu = ring . thousands and thousands of tvsrs have been sold to satisfied customer = s , nationwide . sales of tvsrs are increasing dramatically everyday . we have only a limited inventory of our tvsrs available at this = promotional price . please o = rder today ! ! ! to order : visit our secure on li = ne shopping web site at click here&gt ; http = : / / www . tvsr . com or you may order by calling us at 1-800 - 235-2154 or t = o place your order by fax or mail , please print out the form at the end o = f this letter . ( all major credit cards are accepted ) . what do people have to say about their tvsr = . . . . steven taylor , private investigator , farmington , ny &quot ; upon inspection , i was surprised to find that my tv does indeed = have video in and l / r audio in . when connected as per your manual ( betwe = en the cable box and the tv ) , the tvsr works as advertised = 96 and very n = icely so ! what a great device ! &quot ; dr . frank pisano , clearwater , fl &quot ; my television sound regulator works beautiful ! prompt service = 96 = great pr . your company stands behind its product . &quot ; carl lattimer , passaic , nj &quot ; i first read about the tvsr in technology update . being a prod = uct design engineer , at first i doubted that the information presented in = the article was technically accurate . being originally form missouri , t = he show me state , i had to see for myself . i ordered one . it was easy t = o connect . believe me , you don = 92t have to have a ph . d . in engineering t = o install it ! i do a lot of channel surfing so i was the perfect person = to test it . well , i was very , very surprised at the results . when you s = ay that the &quot ; tvsr instantly increases or decreases the sound output = to a preset level&quot ; , you are not kidding . even with sophisticated ti = ming equipment , the interval with which the sound level is adjusted is so = short that the human ear can = 92t even register it ! i still can = 92t defi = ne how the tvsr functions . but who cares , as long as it works ! the negative thing about the tvsr is that i didn = 92t invent it ! &quot ; = kathy kurtis , pasadena , ca &quot ; i just had to write to you about our newest second favorite arr = ival . our first is our brand new son , kevin . he is going to be six week = s old soon . our second newest favorite is the tv sound regulator . you s = ee , kevin , like all newborns is very sensitive to noise , especially at ni = ght when it = 92s so quiet you can hear a pin drop . before we got the tv s = ound regulator i couldn = 92t watch television while i nursed him . he woul = d just have fallen asleep when one of those loud commercials would wake h = im up . then it would take forever before he fell asleep again , i would b = e sitting there rocking him to sleep . although i love my son , i was left = with nothing to do . but now , with the tv sound regulator , i can turn th = e volume so it is soft enough to lull him to sleep , and i can catch up on = watching my favorite programs too ! the vcr even records the programs wi = thout that awful volume jump each time a commercial plays ! &quot ; &quot ; ps& # 9 ; i also wanted to thank your technical support department , = when i had a question about connecting it , they were so nice and friendl = y . they walked me through the entire installation process in only a few = minutes . "" &quot ; lisa russo , monroe , ct &quot ; i thought i = 92d write you this short letter to let you know jus = t how pleased we are with the automatic tv sound regulator . my husband a = nd i have a three-year - old boy . believe me he is extremely active and en = ergetic . in the evening , after we have put our son to sleep , we now can = truly relax in front of our tv . in the past , before we purchased your pr = oduct , it used to be extremely annoying watching television . the commerc = ials would come on so loud that we could hardly hear ourselves think . we = would always have to turn the television down during the commercials and = up again when our show came on . your product really works ! &quot ; robert pelikan , phoenix , az &quot ; excellent product ! i customarily do not take the time to write = a letter such as this . it took me less than ten minutes to install the = tv sound regulator ( i have a tv , vcr , and satellite dish ) . this thing ac = tually works ! amazing ! also , thank you for replacing the damaged unit s = o quickly . your customer service is great ! harold j . c . ferrer , ph . d . , glendale , ca &quot ; i am a very busy psychologist . my days , often twelve-hour days = , are spent listening to emotion filled voices . because of the specializ = ed work i do , the majority of my patients are emotionally and psychologic = ally overwhelmed . their lives are out of control . they often have lost = their jobs , homes , and marriages . they are inundated by life shattering = stress . needless to say , by the end of my day , i need to relax . i need = peace and quiet . i usually channel surf for a while , until i settle in t = o watching cnn . but , until i bought a tvsr , i found myself scrambling fo = r the remote control each time a commercial was about to come on . when i = couldn = 92t reach it in time the increased commercial volume literally ma = de me jump . this is not the way to relax ! the worse stress , and stress = is always there , is the stress that we cannot control . but , with the tvs = r , i can just set the volume control to the level i want . i now know tha = t whenever an advertiser has decided that sh ! ! ! ! ! outing is the only way to get my attention , i can rest assured that i will literally have the upper hand . = i no longer feel that i am at the mercy of those blaring commercials . = at least i can now control my television ! thanks tvsr . &quot ; dave defer , bedford , oh &quot ; i just wanted to pass on this comment : the television sound re = gulator is a great device for the hearing impaired . &quot ; to review : &nbsp ; the tvsr increases and decreases television sound levels instantaneou = sly to your pre-set level , avoiding increases and decreases in sound leve = ls during commercials , program viewing , and while changing channels . the tvsr is easy to install , even for the electronically challenged . = anyone can install it in minutes . the tvsr is a computerized unit that automatically controls the sound = level of the tv set and any one , combination , or all auxiliary equipment = ( tv , vcr , cable , or satellite remote ) , that = 92s it , the tvsr takes over = from there . the tvsr is so sophisticated it understands the difference between a = whisper and a shout and automatically adjusts itself accordingly . the tvsr fits in the palm of your hand . the tvsr works great with multiple disc players , as well as dmx syste = ms . the tvsr is constructed of quality components and should last a lifet = ime , if the unit ( or ac adapter / cables included with the unit ) fails to p = erform during the first year ( during this promoti = onal offer , the warranty service period increases to tow years with the p = urchase of two or more units ) from the date of purchase it will be = replaced or repaired free of charge . we are pleased to be offering the tvsr at this reduced price . thanks = for your time and have a great day ! sincerely yours , &nbsp ; nelson crespo executive vice president international control systems , llc &nbsp ; all major credit cards accepted ! order your tvsr today ! visit our web site at = 96 click here&gt ; http : / / www . tvsr . com and order via our secure on-line shopping site . ( currently , the = tvsr is only available to united states and canadian residents . ) to order by : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; phone - 1-800 - 235-2154 & # 9 ; & # 9 ; important note - mention promotion code - tvsr2848 & # 9 ; & # 9 ; fax or mail - please print out the order form at the bottom = of this email and & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; complete all necessary blanks . & # 9 ; & # 9 ; ( credit cards only ) & # 9 ; & # 9 ; fax to : 1-800 - 498-9203 & # 9 ; & # 9 ; ( by check ) & # 9 ; & # 9 ; mail to : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; tv sound regulator & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; po box 2894 & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; maple plain , mn 55592-2894 note : to receive this promotional price , your order ( if by mail ) m = ust be postmarked within 48 hours of the date that you received this = email . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( for united states and canadian residents only ) order form regular price $ 59 . 80 each , plus s&amp ; h promotional price ( if ordered within 48 hours of this limited promotio = nal offer ) $ 44 . 85 plus s&a = mp ; h . buy two or more tvsrs within this promotional period and your p = rice is $ 39 . 95 each , plus = s&amp ; h , plus you will receive an extra year of warranty service on each = tvsr purchased free ! that = 92s an extra $ 6 . 00 value per unit ! remember , there = 92s nothing to lose , 60 day money back g = uarantee . personal information : name ( first &amp ; last ) : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . billing address : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . street : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . city : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; state : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; zip : & # = 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . country : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . mailing address ( if different ) : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . street : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . city : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; state : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; zip : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . country : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . phone : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; fax : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; email : & = # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . credit card information : & # 9 ; visa& # 9 ; & # 9 ; mastercard& # 9 ; & # 9 ; discover& # = 9 ; & # 9 ; amex name on card : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . number : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; exp . date : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . & # 9 ; & # 9 ; quantity desired : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . & # 9 ; & # 9 ; pre - shipping total : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . & # 9 ; & # 9 ; shipping and handling for one unit - $ 6 . 95 & # 9 ; & # 9 ; shipping and handling for two or more units - $ 5 . 95 & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; grand total : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . signature : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; date ordered : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & = # 9 ; . &nbsp ;
",1
433,"Subject: re : 2 . 882 s - > np np
 
 > date : sun , 15 dec 91 02 : 25 : 02 est > from : michael < mmorse @ vm1 . yorku . ca > > subject : re : 2 . 864 queries > > wlodek zadrozny asks if there is "" anything interesting "" to be said > about the construction "" s > np np "" . . . second , > and very much related : might we consider the construction to be a form > of what has been discussed on this list of late as reduplication ? the > logical sense of "" john mcnamara the name "" is tautologous and thus , at > that level , indistinguishable from "" well , well now , what have we here ? "" . to say that ' john mcnamara the name ' is tautologous is to give support to those who say that a logic-based semantics is irrelevant to natural language . in what sense is it tautologous ? it supplies the value of an attribute followed by the attribute of which it is the value . if in fact the value of the name-attribute for the relevant entity were ' chaim shmendrik ' , ' john mcnamara the name ' would be false . no tautology , this . ( and no reduplication , either . )
",0
434,"Subject: s - > np + np
 
 the discussion of s - > np + np reminds me that some years ago i read , in a source now forgotten , a critique of some newsmagazines ' unique tendencies in writing style , most of which the writer found overly "" cute "" . one item was tersely put down as follows : "" time 's favorite : the colon . "" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lee hartman ga5123 @ siucvmb . bitnet department of foreign languages southern illinois university carbondale , il 62901 u . s . a .
",0
435,"Subject: 2 . 882 s - > np np
 
 . . . for me it 's much more restrictive than s - > np np . it 's "" no "" np pro quite an over-restriction , that .
",0
436,"Subject: gent conference
 
 "" for the listserv "" international conference 1992 second circular : february 1992 literature and the analysis of discourse with special attention to the multicultural context tuesday 8 september - friday 11 september 1992 gent university , belgium writing and reading literature , oral literary traditions , dialogic text , non-literary narratives , discourse theory , literature as social practice , etc . , etc . , etc . keynote speakers : david birch ( murdoch , australia ) martin montgomery ( strathclyde , scotland ) elinor ochs ( los angeles , usa ) statement of pala ' s aims pala 's principal aim is to encourage cooperation between scholars and teachers interested in language and / or literary studies . the interests of pala members are wide , and this is reflected in papers given at pala conferences . interests of members include : stylistics , literary theory , the teaching of language and literature , critical linguistics , pragmatics , discours analysis , textual understanding , rhetoric , narratology , semiotic approaches to text and performance , sociolinguistics , cultural studies , post-structuralist theory ; in short , any theme which has relevance to the study and teaching of language and literature and their role in society . the 1992 conference theme to highlight the currently expanding field of discours studies , the 1992 conference has as its core theme ' literature and the analysis of discourse , with special attention to the multicultural context ' . papers covering interests as wide as the processes of writing and reading literature , the analysis of dialogic text , oral literary traditions , the relationship between literary and non-literary discourse , discourse theory and literary communication as social practice have all been proposed , as well as those dealing specifically with the writing and reading of literature in a multilingual and / or multicultural context . the 1992 conference venue gent university is of the city type ; there is no campus , and university buildings are dotted around the town . conference sessions will take place in the hoveniersberg , overlooking the bovenschelde in one of the quiet parts of town . programme conference sessions will start on the morning of the wednesday and last a full three days . it is envisaged that most participants will arrive and register on the tuesday evening . our provisional programme looks like this : tuedsday 8 sept 15 . 00 onwards : registration wednesday 9 sept 08 . 30 - 09 . 30 : late registration 09 . 45 : opening of conference 10 . 00 - 18 . 00 : conference sessions 18 . 30 : pre-booked dinner 20 . 15 : drinks reception thursday 10 sept 08 . 30 - 18 . 00 : conference sessions 18 . 30 : pala agm 20 . 00 : pre-booked dinner friday 11 sept 08 . 30 - 17 . 00 : conference sessions 17 . 15 : wind-up session evening : activities to be arranged there will be continuous coffee , tea , etc . throughout the conference sessions . accommodation rooms in the vermeylen student hall of residence , a couple of hundred metres from the conference centre , are available to all participants . it is possible to book rooms for several nights either side of the conference dates . the price on the registration form includes breakfast . unfortunately , no double rooms are available . if you would prefer to stay in a hotel , we recommend the arcade hotel ( nederkouter , 9000 gent ; tel . 32-91 - 25 . 07 . 07 ) , which is only 10 minutes ' walk from the conference centre . alternatively , you can contact the gent tourist office ( meersstraat 138 , 9000 gent ; tel . 32-91 - 25 . 35 . 55 ) . food breakfast will be served in the overpoort , the university eating complex next door to the vermeylen . lunch and supper is also available there to conference participants , as are snacks throughout the day . there will be no single ' conference dinner ' as such , but to make it easier for participants to meet each other , we are arranging dinners for both wednesday and thursday evenings in the university restaurant . these have to be pre-booked . staying in gent gent ( population around 230 , 000 ) is a historic flemish city , the first in europe to declare itself independent of feudal control . it has a plethora of medieval vistas and bridges and is thus entitled to compete with bruges and amsterdam for the title of ' venice of the north ' . it is also a busy industrial city and the commercial and administrative centre for east flanders . the first language is flemish / dutch ( depending on one 's sociolinguistic viewpoint ) but nearly every-body can use both english and french with at least some degree of fluency . there are numerous restaurants , cafes and pubs near the conference area ( including two good vegetarian restaurants ) , many of which stay open well into the small hours . prices are cheap by northern european standards . for those wishing to combine the conference with a visit to gent and the surrounding area , you may like to know that a train can take you in less than an hour to bruges , brussels , antwerp or the belgian coast . you can even get into the ardennes or to paris within a few hours . registration / queries to attend the conference , fill in the registration form and return it , with payment , by 1st may . confirmation of registration and details of arrangements will be sent in the third circular to those who have registered , but if you have any enquiries , contact jim o'driscoll or stef slembrouck at seminarie voor engelse taalkunde , universiteit gent , rozier 44 , b-9000 gent , belgium ( tel : 32-91 - 64 . 37 . 88 / 89 / 90 ; fax : 32-91 - 64 . 41 . 95 ; e-mail pala92 @ engllang . rug . ac . be ) . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * pala 92 gent university registration form surname _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name ( s ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i will participate in the conference and enclose a eurocheque ( or have arranged direct transfer to the pala account in belgium ) to cover : ( tick as appropriate ) pala member conference fee ( bf 1000 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ non-member conference fee ( bf 2000 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ student conference fee ( bf 600 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ dinner on 9th september ( bf 500 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ dinner on 10th september ( bf 500 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ accommodation for tue 8th september ( bf 525 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ accommodation for wed 9th september ( bf 525 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ accommodation for thu 10th september ( bf 525 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ accommodation for fri 11th september ( bf 525 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ accommodation for ( specify ) ( bf ) _ _ _ _ _ _ fee for international money transfer or cheque other than eurocheques * ( bf 300 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ i therefore enclose ( or have transferred ) a total of bf _ _ _ _ _ _ i would like lacto-vegetarian / vegan food for the dinner ( s ) i have booked _ _ _ _ _ signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please return to pala conference 1992 , seminarie voor engelse taalkunde , universiteit gent , rozier 44 , b-9000 gent , belgium ( pala9 @ engllang . rug . ac . be ) . the final date for registration is 1st may 1992 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * . note that all payments must be made in belgian francs . cheques should be made payable to ' pala conference 1992 ' . a single eurocheque must not be of more than bf 7 , 000 . international money transfers should be sent via ' swift ' , quoting our bank 's swift number ( bbru be bb 900 ) and our account number : bbl 390-0959358 - 83 . if you have any problems with either method of payment , please contact the organizers .
",0
437,"Subject: query : causatives in korean
 
 could anyone point me to any books and articles about causative constructions in korean ? please send an e-mail directly to me . thanks you ! hiromi morikawa hiromi @ psych . stanford . edu
",0
438,"Subject: l2 learning / cultural empathy
 
 a graduate student in education approached a colleague of mine with a query which linguist people may be able to help with . he is doing an evaluation of an exchange program with indonesia one object of which is to prepare more high school teachers of indonesia here in australia . he wondered if there is anything written on the correlation of degree of acquisition of an l2 with degree of empathy and participation in the culture of the l2 speakers . high involvement / skills might seem to be a good thing for teachers in both areas ; however negative aspects might be there . apparently there seems to be a correlation between development of good skills in the language and dropping out of teaching . could this be due to "" culture shock "" on return to australia of those who became most deeply immersed ? any references / ideas gratefully received . if there are a number , i could summarise . patrick mcconvell , anthropology , northrn territory university , po box 40146 , casuarina , nt 0811 , australia
",0
439,"Subject: psycholinguistics teaching
 
 for an undergraduate course i will shortly be teaching in psycholinguistics , i would appreciate any suggestions as to texts which other instructors have had good experiences with . also , i would be indebted if anyone can offer specific references to the work of helen neville on deaf alinguals and the acquisiton of asl . thanks m . klaiman ( klaiman @ umnacux . bitnet )
",0
440,"Subject: german corpora
 
 i am looking for on-line corpora of modern german . any information would be appreciated . ken beesley beesley . parc @ xerox . com
",0
441,"Subject: t
 
 hi , help ! i have to design an experiment to do with mandarin tones as part of a phonology requirement on my graduate course . there seems to be very little literature on this in the library . if anyone can think of any on-going debates on the phonology / phonetics of mandarin tones for which an experiment would be useful , please could you give me information and references . i would welcome any suggestions at all . thanks a lot , sophia wang . ( sophia @ ling . ed . ac . uk )
",0
442,"Subject: job - university of utah
 
 the linguistics program at the university of utah invites applications for a one-year visiting assistant professor position to begin september , 1992 . minimum degree requirement is an a . b . d . candidates will be expected to teach an introductory undergraduate linguistics course and a course in american english for english teaching majors . they will also propose other undergraduate or m . a . level courses in general linguistics and sociolinguistics . send letter of application , curriculum vitae , sample publications , and three letters of reference to mauricio mixco , director , linguistics program , stewart building 213 , university of utah , salt lake city , ut 84112 . for further information you may telephone : 801-581 - 7432 or email dipaolo @ anthro . utah . edu .
",0
443,"Subject: job : montreal
 
 poste de professeur , e regulier , ere en phonologie le departement de linguistique de l ' uqam sollicite des candidatures pour un poste regulier a temps complet en phonologie profil des fonctions : . enseignement et encadrement aux etudes de premier cycle et aux etudes avan - cees . . assurer la vitalite de la recherche dans le domaine de la specialite . . services a la communaute . exigences : . ph . d . en linguistique . . experience d ' enseignement universitaire . . solide dossier de publications recentes dans des revues avec jury , attestant une competence dans le domaine vise . date d ' entree en fonction : 1er juillet 1992 l ' uqam souscrit a un programme d ' acces a l ' egalite des femmes en emploi . con - formement aux exigences relatives a l ' immigration au canada , ce poste est of - fert aux citoyens-es et aux residents-es permanentes-es . traitement : selon la convention collective spuq-uqam . les personnes interesses sont priees de faire parvenir un curriculum vitae en francais , date et signe , incluant le nom , l ' adresse et le numero de telephone de trois repondants , avant le 15 mai 1992 a : m . robert a . papen , directeur , departement de linguistique , uqam , c . p . 8888 , succ . a , montreal ( quebec ) h3c 3p8 . telephone : 514-987 - 8416 ; telecopieur : 514-987 - 4652 ; e-mail : r14730 @ uqam
",0
444,"Subject: lectureship in linguistics
 
 s c h o o l o f e n g l i s h a n d l i n g u i s t i c s u n i v e r s i t y o f d u r h a m lecturer in generative linguistics the successful candidate must have completed , or be in the process of completing , a doctorate , and must be able to demonstrate a strong research focus in historical linguistics ( phonology or syntax ) and / or romance linguistics via a dissertation and / or published work in the area . an ability to teach sociolinguistics would be an advantage . the post is tenable from 1 october 1992 . salary will be within the range 12 , 860 - 17 , 827 pounds per annum on the lecturer grade a scale , according to experience . further details may be obtained from the personnel officer old shire hall university of durham durham dh1 3hp united kingdom ( tel 091-374 - 3158 , fax 091-374 - 4747 ) to whom applications should be sent not later than 15 may 1992 . = = = = = = = = = = = please quote reference a083 .
",0
445,"Subject: negative concord
 
 i am interested in the grammar of negative concord in various dialects of american and british english . if anyone out there speaks natively a dialect that uses negative concord and is willing to answer grammaticality questions about their dialect , would they please send me an email note to that effect and i ' ll get back to them with my queries . my address is : kroch @ change . ling . upenn . edu thanks .
",0
446,"Subject: 
 
 negative concord i am trying to compile of list of commercially available programs that aid translation from english to spanish . i am not interested in development projects but in "" of the shelf "" software . please email information to me , and i will post a summary of responses . thank you . - rick wojcik ( rwojcik @ atc . boeing . com )
",0
447,"Subject: query : email addresses
 
 does anybody have an email address for either gunnar fant or christol gobl ? thanks in advance , julie silverman . ( jules @ nynexst . com )
",0
448,"Subject: postings
 
 hi , i ' m working on a phonetics project about modern irish and i ' m having a hard time finding sources . can anyone recommend books or articles in english ? i ' , specifically interested in palatal ( slender ) consonants , so any work on that would be helpful too . thanks ! laurel sutton ( sutton @ garnet . berkeley . edu
",0
449,"Subject: query on icelandic
 
 can anyone tell me anything about whether there is vp - ellipsis in icelandic ? something like : i want to see the movie , and john wants to , too . how about other kinds of ellipsis phenomena ? i borrowed john 's book , and mary borrowed bill 's . i want to fix the car , but i do n't know how . if you suggest that i check through the modern icelandic volume in the syntax and semantics series of books , please give me a specific reference , as i have not yet found anything on such ellipsis phenomena there . please reply directly to me : ( laurenco @ uconnvm . bitnet ) thanks in advance ! elizabeth laurencot , university of connecticut
",0
450,"Subject: search
 
 does anyone out there know the whereabout of dr peter hawkins , phonetician , late of edinburgh ( queen elizabeth college ? ) , scotland ? i am seeking him because we collaborated at one time on a self-instructional computer course in french phonetic notation . but micros have moved along and now we need one for ibm pcs . any help on either search ?
",0
451,"Subject: re : 3 . 378 korean , l2 , psycholinguistics , german
 
 a trivial inquiry in the realm of new words and why they acquire the syntactic characteristics they do . although the actual command is : telnet cunyvm . cuny . edu , i hear my colleagues and ordinary folks use the new verb ' telnet ' with the particle ' to ' , and rarely as a transitive verb . hence , ' i told him to telnet to cornell ' , less often ' i told him telnet cornell ' ( i myself have no feelings about the ' correctness ' of this one ) . i have never heard the verb used in the passive , but it can be used absolutely ( or intransitively ) . ' he spends all day telnetting . ' . curiosity only . toby paff ( tobypaff @ pucc . princeton . edu )
",0
452,"Subject: re : 3 . 370 queries : computer resources , dialect maps
 
 jane tang asks for references about ' losing ' grammatical intuitions . though not about linguists , a study published in the journal of psycholinguistic research ( 17 . 1 : 1-17 ) , by hiroshi nagata ( the relativity of linguistic intuition : the effect of repetition on grammaticality judgements ) , concludes that "" linguistic intuitions as revealed in grammaticality judgements are not absolute , but relative in that they are easily influenced by repetition and other variables , such as embedded context . "" randy lapolla institute of history & philology academia sinica , taiwan
",0
453,"Subject: language and power bibliography - - announcement
 
 a bibliography of work on language and power has been placed on the linguist server . this bibliography combines contributions from a number of respondents to a query i placed in linguist a while back . most of those respondents are listed in my summary ( linguist 3-366 ) . some items may be inappropriate - - i was unable to verify all of the suggestions . this bibliography includes a wide range of items which relate in one degree or another to the topic - - from the highly theoretical to the highly particularistic to the applied . apologies for any incorrect or incomplete references . [ moderators ' note : the bibliography mentioned in this posting is available on the server . to get the file , send a message to : listserv @ tamvm1 . tamu . edu ( if you are on the internet ) or listserv @ tamvm1 ( if you are on the bitnet ) the message should consist of the single line : get power bib linguist you will then receive the complete file . ]
",0
454,"Subject: re : 3 . 376 help re : iaupe
 
 ? hay alguien que sepa como se puede comunicar con los ordenadores de la universidad de texas ? es que busco informacion sobre el programa de educacion bilingue de los distintos condados que forman la ciudad de austin y areas limitrofes . . . gracias . . . brett
",0
455,"Subject: next
 
 this message is an attempt to find out who in the linguistic community , is using a next workstation ( cube , slab , turbo , or whatever model ) , more particularly in the area of phonetics and phonology . if you would like to know the results of this survey , please indicate it in your reply . thanks to all .
",0
456,"Subject: query about english interrogatives
 
 i would appreciate any references that discuss the relationship or correspondence between the syntactic form and the pragmatic ( or social ) function of interrogatives in english . much of the work that i am familiar with claims that any form can be used for any function . my own research suggests otherwise . please send replies directly to : freed @ apollo . montclair . edu ( alice f . freed linguistics montclair state college )
",0
457,"Subject: query on spanish and binding
 
 this is a request for help , in the form of references , suggestions , etc . , on a syntactic problem ( or maybe only an apparent problem ) . i have recently stumbled upon some interesting spanish data which seem to violate binding principles . in particular , my informants have provided examples like juan hablo a pedro de / sobre el and insist that el can can have as its antecedent at least juan , and perhaps also pedro . if the facts are what they seem , binding principle 2 is clearly violated , since we have a pronoun which is not free in the local domain . there are also cases , although not so clear , in which an anaphor seems not to be bound in the local domain . any thoughts on such examples will be greatly appreciated . if there is interest , i will post a summary of responses received . thanks . steve seegmiller seegmiller @ apollo . montclair . edu
",0
458,"Subject: proofread medieval e - texts
 
 from humanist discussion group , vol . 5 , no . 0856 . monday , 27 apr 1992 . i am seeking volunteers to proof-read transcriptions of the attached list of medieval texts , prepared for the _ archivo digital de manuscritos y textos espan \ * ~ oles _ ( _ admyte _ ) , a cd-rom disk to be published this summer by the sociedad estatal quinto centenario . in addition to several hundred medieval texts transcribed according to the norms of _ a manual of manuscript transcription for the dictionary of the old spanish language _ , 4th ed . ( madison , 1986 ) , the disk will also contain a special version of tact , the text analysis and retrieval program of the u . of toronto , the _ bibliography of old spanish texts _ , and unite , a program for computer-assisted textual criticism . the available texts represent an interesting cross-section of medieval spanish literary culture - - from histories in the alfonsine tradition to medical and legal works to translations from the classics and other medieval literatures . i will provide : - a photocopy of the original ms or printed edition - a printout of the transcription - an electronic version of the transcription - a copy of the madison _ manual _ mentioned above - a copy of the special version of tact and its 200 - page manual participants in the project will also receive full credit for their work in _ admyte _ - - not to mention the satisfaction of having helped bring to fruition one of the most important scholarly projects of the quincentenary . lista de los textos castellanos que se han transcrito expresamente para admyte . actualmente obran en mi poder y esta / * ' n listos para corregir . abreviaturas bnm = madrid . biblioteca nacional bu = biblioteca universitaria esc . = escorial . monasterio cuando se trata de varios textos dentro de un mismo ms o edicio \ * ' n , se han agrupado bajo la signatura del volumen que los contiene . al final de cada texto se indica su taman \ * ~ o o en "" bytes "" o en folios . alfonso marti \ * ' nez de toledo . invencionario . bnm 9219 . 126 ff . ( transcr . p . gericke ) cro \ * ' nica de 1344 ( parte i ) . madrid : zaba / * ' lburu 11-109 , ff . 1r - 107 ( 1 . 33 mb ) ( listo para corregir ) ( transcr . j . da cruz ) domingo marcos dura / * ' n . lux bella . impreso sevilla , 1492 . bnm i 2165 . 6 ff . ( mu \ * 's ica ) ( transcr . d . burton ) domingo marcos dura / * ' n . glosa sobre lux bella . impreso salamanca , 1498 - 6-17 . bnm i 2165 . 38 ff . ( mu \ * 's ica ) ( transcr . d . burton ) fueros de la novenera . salamanca bu 2652 , ff . 140r - 156v ( transcr . f . waltman ) bnm i 2157 . impreso zaragoza , ca . 1490 ( transcr . h . torres ) : thomas a kempis . imitatio christi , ff . a2r - o2r jean gerson . de meditatione cordis , ff . o3r - o9v pablo de santa mari \ * ' a . suma de las cro \ * ' nicas de espan \ * ~ a . esc . h . ii . 22 , ff . 52r - 98v ( transcr . j . krieger ) seudo - san bernardo . infancia del salvador . impreso burgos : juan de burgos , ca . 1495 . bnm i 1424 ( 279 kb ) ( es realmente una traduccio \ * ' n de las meditationes de seudo - agusti \ * ' n ) ( transcr . f . waltman )
",0
459,"Subject: learn french in quebec city
 
 des amis de l ' universite ' laval , ecole des langues vivantes m ' ont demande ' de poster cette annonce . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = learn french in quebec city intensive french courses ( elementary , intermediate and advanced levels ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - session admission deadlines - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - autumn / september-december / 15 weeks / 16 credits / june 15th winter / january - april / 15 weeks / 16 credits / november 1st spring / may-june / 6 weeks / 7 credits / april 1st summer / july-august / 6 weeks / 7 credits / may 1st - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * small classes * communicative approach * integration into the french - speaking milieu * exceptional sports facilities * campus housing or accomodations with francophones * age 18 or older - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - information - - - - - - - - - - ecole des langues vivantes pavillon charles - de koninck ( 2305 ) universite laval , quebec , g1k 7p4 , canada phone : ( 418 ) 656-2321 , fax : ( 418 ) 656-2019
",0
460,"Subject: more on human subjects
 
 a number of months ago i raised the issue of dealing with human subjects committees , since our department was being ( as we perceived it ) hassled by our own committee . i received numerous responses , which i have since forwarded to the lsa social issues ( or something ) committee . the responses varied from shocked outrage that anyone would look over our ( collective ) shoulders from shocked outrage that i would consider doing any research without asking permission . the primary hassle , which was reflected again in the more recent posting on the subject , is that linguistic research normally involves using a tape recorder . federal guidelines require ( so i am told ) a special , and more complex class of review if the data is being taped . in our case , this involves a full committee review , which takes two to three weeks , rather than the ` expedited ' review , which takes only a few days . we are still negotiating on whether class projects need to be cleared class by class ( which we hope ) or instead , student by student . given that students normally take at least half a semester to discover what they want to do , if it will then require an additional two or three weeks to get permission to do it , much linguistic classroom research may get halted . i would be greatly interested in hearing from people on the list who have been able to persuade their human subjects committees to issue any kind of ` blanket ' permission for certain kinds of research . when we suggested this possibility we were told that nobody 's research was privileged , and that if { sociology , psychology anthropology . . . } had to go through the process , so did we . in any case , as a result of my attempting to be law abiding , i almost lost an informant , whose data i had recorded illegally . i asked him to recite the nursery rhymes , then requested permission to do so . shortly afterwards , he left town , never to be seen again . sigh . . . any suggestions on getting expedited reviews , blanket permissions , other speeded up ways of being permitted to tape record linguistic data without supreme court approval would be appreciated . geoff nathan < ga3662 @ siucvmb . siu . edu > southern illinois university at carbondale
",0
461,"Subject: on rules
 
 re guido vanden wyngaerd ( 3-357 ) : i must break my longish silence caused by a few urgent jobs : > since nyman does n't seem to begin to understand > what the problem is here , let me expand on my question once more : we find > that speakers * observe * ( not violate ) the wh-island constraint ; we find > that they form yes-no questions by having recourse to hierarchical > structure rather than linear precedence , i . e . they unfailingly produce ( 1a ) > rather than ( 1b ) : > > ( 1 ) a is [ the man who is tall ] _ _ in the room ? > b is [ the man who _ _ tall ] is in the room ? i must admit my dull-wittedness . sorry about that ! i also agree that a real issue is involved here . > if speakers proceeded on the basis of inductive generalisation or analogy > or some such principle , one would expect a more or less random distribution > over ( 1a ) and ( 1b ) in the acquisition stage , quod non . why would a more or less random distribution over ( 1a ) and ( 1b ) be expectable in the acquisition stage , if speakers unfailingly - - and so , as the only pattern for children to base inductive generalizations on - - produce ( 1a ) ? > hence speakers > possess a certain knowledge or follow certian rules , and one would like to > know where they get this knowledge from . are you suggesting chomskyan "" tacit "" knowledge ? if so , then you might think that rules grow in people 's minds like biological organs . > the question now is : how can one tell if rules speakers > follow , such as the wh-island rule or the yes-no question formation rule , > are grules or lrules ? where does the conviction come from that speakers "" follow "" the wh-island rule ? this rule , as formulated and so named by a grammarian , is clearly a theoretical generalization ( grule ) . notice that the phenomenon here captured in insular terms is in principle amenable to a different theoretical formulation : e . g . , in dick hudson 's word grammar ( _ english _ word _ grammar _ . oxford 1990 ) , which is a dependency-based approach , ( 1b ) would be ruled out by the fact that it infringes the adjacency principle ( not to be confused with gb 's adjacency ) . while it is grammatically correct to say ( 2a ) is the man who is tall in the room ? , it would be grammatically incorrect ( and nonsensical ) to say ( 2b ) * is the man who tall is in the room ? in my terminology , ( 2a - b ) are technically rule-sentences which exemplify ( and witness for the existence ) of the corresponding norm of language ( lrule ) . it is typical of norms that they may be violated by mistake or by joke ( cf . alexis manaster ramer 's [ 3-371 ] posting on _ man _ the _ as a [ putatively ] possible np ) ; sometimes also by force , in order to bring home a theoretical point [ e . g . ( 1b ) above ] . lrules ( or norms-of - language qua institutional or cultural facts ) are typically learned or acquired by experience . but some norms are so deeply rooted in human nature that their violation is more or less unnatural and requires an extra effort . ( this is one of the basic tenets of stampean natural phonology , unless i ' m mistaken . ) for example , anyone standing on two hands ( instead of two legs ) in a cocktail party would certainly violate a norm of socially correct behaviour . in this case , the ' two-leg ' constraint is almost vacuously a norm , because it would be hard to violate it . in the same vein , the lrule of which ( 2a ) is an exemplification , is almost vacuously a norm , because only a linguistic professional could violate it by producing ( 2b ) . but it is a norm , nonetheless . > and what merit is there to making such a distinction > at all ? this distinction is ( meta ) descriptive of generative grammarians ' actual practice . martti nyman , dept of general linguistics , univ of helsinki , finland
",0
462,"Subject: tone grammar summary
 
 > finally , lansing points to english : > > > a _ silver knife _ ( low high ) is a knife made out of silver , and a _ silver > > knife _ ( high low ) is a knife for cutting silver . this has nothing to do with tone , but rather accent placement . both _ silver _ and _ knife _ are accented in the former case , but in the latter case _ knife _ is deaccented . the association between accent and tone is a great deal more complicated than the claim suggests . richard sproat linguistics research department at&t bell laboratories tel ( 908 ) 582-5296 600 mountain avenue , room 2d - 451 fax ( 908 ) 582-7308 murray hill , nj 07974 rws @ research . att . com
",0
463,"Subject: tone grammar
 
 none of the examples mentioned in john cowan 's recent posting summarizing responses on this topic appears to involve a language that uses language solely to mark grammatical as opposed to lexical distinctions . which makes one wonder about stress . does anybody know of an example of a language in which stress is distinctive but only used to mark grammatical categories . i have some possible examples in mind but these need some further reflection , so if anybody has clear examples , i for one would be interested ( the examples i am thinking of , which i am not too sure about , would involve tongan and perhaps persian ) .
",0
464,"Subject: summ of dialect bible translations
 
 i have prepared a summary of the responses i received to my question about tranlation ( s ) of the bible into modern glasgow dialects . thanks to all those who responded - - ken beesley at xerox parc gavin burnage of the british national corpus group and humgrad paul caron at mcmaster u richard coates at u of sussex jacqueline kowtko at u of edinburgh r . glenn wooden at st . andrews and via forwarding frank maloney of microsoft david morning of glasgow u - - i appreciate it . first , mr . coates suggested as a general reference for dialect biblical literature _ the book of a thousand tongues _ , eugene nida , ed . , united bible societies ( 1972 ) , 2nd edition . mr . beesley mentioned a 1983 translation into "" broad scots "" , which included a temptation of christ passage in which christ speaks the scots dialect and satan the queen 's english . mr . burnage forwarded mention of the same edition in a similar discussion from a celtic discussion list : here , mr . maloney and mr . morning discussed presbyterian church of scotland elder jamie stewart 's rendition _ the glasgow gospels _ ( the 4 gospels only ) , as well as _ the new testament in scots _ , by william l . lorimer ( 1983 , edinburgh , southside publishers ltd , isbn 900025 24 7 ) . some claimed the latter is "" hard going at times "" without intimate knowledge of the dialect . mr . caron mentioned that one of these texts had been discussed recently on the cbc radio show "" as it happens "" . jacqueline kowtko in edinburgh suggested contacting the church of scotland at the following address for other info : church of scotland book shop 117 / 119 george street edinburgh eh2 4jn scotland 44 31 225 2229 finally , r . glenn wooden also mentioned having seen a bible translation done in an american south dialet called _ cotton patch nt / bible _ . thanks again for the responses . steve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ stephen ryberg department of linguistics northwestern university ryberg @ casbah . acns . nwu . edu _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
",0
465,"Subject: precoling 92 : symposium on computational semantics
 
 precoling - 92 22nd july , 2 - 6 p . m . symposium on computational semantics sponsored by the european foundation of logic , language and information with support from the commission of the european communities , dg xiii recent developments in both theoretical and computational semantics suggest that there is now a real possibility for exploring high level computational techniques for dealing with meaning in natural language which are informed by semantic theory but which are not restricted to any particular theoretical approach ( e . g . quantifier scoping algorithms , semantic operators of the kind proposed by johnson and kay ) . this symposium will attempt to explore the relationship between current work in theoretical and computational semantics . papers will be presented by researchers in both theoretical and computational semantics and there will be ample time for discussion from the floor . invited speakers are : hiyan alshawi , sri , cambridge johan van benthem , university of amsterdam ( to be confirmed ) robin cooper , university of edinburgh hans kamp , stuttgart university remko scha , university of amsterdam - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hans uszkoreit , comput . ling . , univ . of saarbruecken , 66 saarbruecken 11 , frg uszkoreit @ coli . uni-sb . de - phone : + 49 ( 681 ) 302-4115 - fax : + 49 ( 681 ) 302-4351
",0
466,"Subject: re : 3 . 375 gent conference
 
 is there anyone in the department of bilingual education at the univ . of texas , austin that could give me information about the availability of work in the school system there ? what types of certification are required ? etc . . . i would certainly appreciate any help or clues you could give me : brett rosenberg univ . of arizona dept . of spanish & portuguese
",0
467,"Subject: query about raising of / aw / and / ay / alias "" canadian raising ""
 
 this query is addressed to all those linguists who speak dialects in which [ aw ] and [ ay ] are replaced by something like [ / \ w ] and [ / \ y ] in words such as ' type ' and ' write ' . do any of you have a different vowel in the first syllable of ' writer ' than in the the second syllable of ' typewriter ' ? or , put another way , do any of you have different vowels in the first and second syllables of ' typewriter ' ?
",0
468,"Subject: base generated adjuncts
 
 does anyone know of references on what mechanisms are used to encode restrictions on the base generation of adjuncts in gb ( i . e why adverbs occur with predicates but adjectives do with referentials ) ? seems like it can't be selection if x - - bar theory is an appropriate set of restrictions . any references at all would be lovely , but recent ones more so . post directly to me & i ' ll post a summary to the list if there 's interest . david adger adger @ uk . ac . ed . cogsci
",0
469,"Subject: basic journals
 
 we are facing major cuts in the library periodicals budget at the university of alabama , and are being asked to eliminate some linguistics journals . the univ . of alabama at birmingham now has a b . a . in linguistics with some strong syntacticians , and we here in tuscaloosa have an "" ad hoc interdepartmental program "" at the graduate level with strengths in applied linguistics , inter - actional sociolinguistics and pragmatics . we would appreciate any advice in this matter . in particular , we ' re wondering if there is any consensus on a set of essential journals for an undergraduate major . pragmatics
",0
470,"Subject: query : tagalog and other philippine informants
 
 are there any native speakers of tagalog or other philippine languages receiving this who would be willing to answer some questions about their usage ?
",0
471,"Subject: ancient vocal tract simulation
 
 in work following up the work of laitman , lieberman et al on reconstruction of what vocal tracts of hominids and early humans must have been like , i believe some mechanical simulators of the output of these were made . i would be interested in details of this , but more in whether anyone has tried to do a computer simulation of the phonetic range of vocal tracts that differ from those of modern humans e . g . in having a higher larynx . on a related question , i saw a letter to scientific american a year or so ago saying some of the origins of language work was based on a fallacy : that mammals other than humans can breathe and swallow at the same time . > from my reading this does seem to underly some of the major work , so i 'd like to have some confirmation that it is wrong or someone to point me to where the debate is going on , if there is a debate . from my point of view ( ignorance of anatomy / physiology and biological anthropology ) it would seem to be a question that could be fairly easily resolved empirically . patrick mcconvell , anthropology , northrn territory university , po box 40146 , nt 0811 , australia
",0
472,"Subject: re : 3 . 386 chomsky , mac concordance
 
 it seems to me that for whatever reasons , the fact that there are so many references to chomsky by non-linguists ( let 's ignore the linguists for now ) shows that the field is at least recognized as a legitimate area of intellectual inquiry - - ( after all , even oxford decided a few years ago that they should have a professor of linguistics - - after a long debate to be sure ) this is a cause for exhaltation - - not snyde remarks or comparisons to stalin and mao . and linguists of whatever stripe or theoretical persuasion should recognize that our newly recognized status is due to a great extent to the advent of generative grammar and chomsky . for various reasons i have met a number of nobel laureates over the last ten to fifteen years , and each one on learning i was a linguist asked "" do you know noam chomsky ? "" and each remarked at some point that he thought chomsky was one of the great intellects in history . a much better response than being asked "" how many languages do you speak ? "" while that may still be the layperson 's view of our field , it is no longer the view among scientists and academicians across the board . vicki fromkin
",0
473,"Subject: escol 92 call for papers
 
 call for papers escol 92 at suny buffalo november 13-15 , 1992 deadline for submitting abstracts : september 4 , 1992 invited speakers : william croft , university of michigan nina dronkers , va medical center , martinez & uc davis ray jackendoff , brandeis university john ohala , university of alberta & uc berkeley keren rice , university of toronto russell tomlin , university of oregon anthony woodbury , university of texas , austin abstracts of papers in all areas of linguistics and from any theoretical perspective are solicited . we are especially interested in receiving abstracts in the following areas : - - - functional and cognitive linguistics - - - indigenous languages of the americas - - - psycholinguistics , neurolinguistics & experimental linguistics - - - lexical semantics - - - universals & typology - - - discourse analysis 10 copies of an anonymous one-page abstract , along with a card stating the title of the paper and the author , should be sent to : escol 92 department of linguistics 685 baldy hall suny buffalo buffalo , ny 14260 twenty minutes will be allotted for the presentation of each paper . abstracts should be received by september 4 , 1992 . information on registration and housing will be available in late september . for information , contact matthew dryer ( lindryer @ ubvms . bitnet ) or betty brown ( linbetty @ ubvms . bitnet ) , or the department at ( 716 ) 636-2177 , fax 636-3825 .
",0
474,"Subject: humor and communication : call for papers
 
 call for papers humor and communication seminar at sca , 1992 national meeting : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) the seminar will be held wednesday , october 28th ( 9 : 30 - 5 : 30 ) in chicago preceding the speech communication association national meeting . call for papers : it has been established that humor is a widespread phenomenon , encompassing many , if not all , areas of human communication . while research in various areas is advancing , several general communication-related issues within the realm of humor remain to be explored in full . from another perspective , the study of humor is a particularly interesting topic for communication , since humor usually highlights the communicative mechanisms it exploits and thus provides insights that can later be generalized to the discipline at large . the following are some topics that the sca seminar participants may want to address . 1 ) how does humor communicate ? what are the mechanisms that make communication through humor possible ? a ) in order to solve the paradox of defining humor as a non-cooperative mode of communication , a cooperative-cum - humor mode has been postulated ( raskin 1985 , attardo 1990 ) . is this the complete picture ? how is communication affected / distorted by this particular situation ? b ) jokes can convey factual information , both on the referents of the texts ( zhao 1988 ) and on the participants of the communicative interchange , their perception of the situation , social hierarchies at play , etc . what are the modalities and mechanisms of this process ? 2 ) what does humor communicate ? humor can be used to convey meaning independent from the denotation of the humorous utterance ( see for example drew 1987 on teasing ) or to avoid face-threatening situations ( mulkay 1988 ) . is the range of the messages carried by humor unlimited or is there an inherent "" content "" to a humorous message just because it is humorous ? 3 ) rhetoric ( s ) of humor . how humor is used by speakers to further their goals ( within and outside of the communicative exchange ) . humor as a tool for persuading , for diverting attention , for in - and out-bonding , etc . 4 ) discourse analysis of humorous exchanges . the organization of a humorous exchange . how does a humorous conversational turn fit into a communicative exchange ? how are jokes and humorous narratives introduced in conversation , and how do they affect its course ? the differences between canned jokes and conversational jokes . 5 ) semiotics of humor . humor can be achieved verbally , visually , behaviorally , musically , etc . , or by any combination of the above . on the other hand , nature is never funny in and of itself ( although it may be perceived as such ) . in other words , humor is intimately connected to the human faculty of using signs . is it possible to build a general semiotics of humor ? how do the various types of humor above differ and how are they alike ? 6 ) cultural differences in the use of humor in communication . there are both impressive examples of variation across cultures ( for example , ritual humor is common in many societies ( apte 1985 ) but almost absent in present-day western culture ) and cross-cultural invariants ( for example the dumb-joke , cf . davies 1990 ) . are there universals in humorous communication , or is the range of variation unconstrained culturally ? references : apte , mahadev . 1985 . _ humor and laughter _ ithaca and london : cornell university press . attardo , salvatore . 1990 . the violation of grice 's maxims in jokes . in hall , kira et al . ( eds . ) _ proceedings of the 16th berkely linguistics society conference _ 355-362 . davies , christie . 1990 . _ ethnic humor around the world _ bloomington : indiana university press . drew , paul . 1987 . po - faced receipts of teases . _ linguistics _ 25 . 219-253 . mulkay , michael . 1988 . _ on humor . its nature and its place in modern society _ cambridge : blackwell . raskin , victor . 1985 . _ semantic mechanisms of humor _ dordrecht : reidel . zhao , yan . 1988 . the information conveying aspect of jokes . _ humor . international journal of humor research _ 1 : 3 . 279-298 . for information contact : alan harris aharris @ vax . csun . edu or salvatore attardo p5o @ mace . cc . purdue . edu submissions to : alan c . harris , ph . d . telno : off : professor , communication / linguistics 818-885 - 2853 / 2874 speech communication department hm : california state university , northridge 818-780 - 8872 spch csun fax : 818-885 - 2663 northridge , ca 91330 deadline for submissions : asap and not after july 1st , 1992 .
",0
475,"Subject: re : 3 . 387 rules , tone grammar
 
 in response to eric schiller 's comments on modern syntax , i have a few questions and comentaries . as a graduate student myself i find that modern syntax has strayed so far into the theoretical realms of the ivory tower , that i am hesitant to delve into it . every two or three days there is another "" universal "" proposal that is proposed by someone only to be found untrue by someone else . i do n't think the only end goal of grammatical theory is to explain why language functions as it does , for me , explanatory adequacy can be the formulation of rules that facilitate the teaching of language , albeit imperfect rules in a strictly scientific sense ( are we still worried how "" scientific we appear ? ) but rules that have some practical application . the notion of economy is a good one , as a student i would certainly appreciate less "" model "" and more substance ! p . s . i hope i have ' nt stuck my foot in my mouth , it 's just that i am about to start my doctorate and am faced with the question of my specialization , i like syntax but want to do something more "" hands on "" like sociallinguistics . . . . brett rosenberg dept . spanish and portuguese univ . of arizona
",0
476,"Subject: rules
 
 3 . 387 martti arnold nyman < manyman @ finuha . bitnet > writes : > > ( 1 ) a is [ the man who is tall ] _ _ in the room ? > > b is [ the man who _ _ tall ] is in the room ? > > > > if speakers proceeded on the basis of inductive generalisation or analogy > > or some such principle , one would expect a more or less random distribution > > over ( 1a ) and ( 1b ) in the acquisition stage , quod non . > > why would a more or less random distribution over ( 1a ) and ( 1b ) be > expectable in the acquisition stage , if speakers unfailingly - - and so , > as the only pattern for children to base inductive generalizations on - - > produce ( 1a ) ? the assumption implicit in nyman 's question is that children only produce what they hear . this is plainly incorrect . children do not hear forms like "" buyed "" , "" eated "" , or "" goed "" , yet they all go through a stage where they produce these forms . this can only be because they make generalisations ( rules , if you like ) , which go beyond what they hear . now given that the main source of evidence on yes-no questions at the child 's disposal will overwhelmingly consist of simple sentences of the form "" is the man _ _ in the room "" , the child could make the generalisation either in way : in terms of linear precedence ( "" front the first finite verb "" , yielding ( 1b ) ) or in terms of hierarchical structure ( "" front the finite verb which follows the subject "" , yielding ( 1a ) ) . the fact that children do not make mistakes in this respect ( ie do not form ( 1b ) ) clearly shows that the rule is not one learned by experience , the relevant experience not being rich enough to determine the nature of the rule and not being able to explain the absence of mistakes . as far as the rest of nyman 's remarks is concerned , i still fail to see how and why they motivate a distinction between grules and lrules : in his opinion , the rule exemplified by ( 1 ) is an lrule , and the wh-island rule a grule . i cannot make out any argument in his posting that would lend credibility to such a contrast . g . vanden wyngaerd
",0
477,"Subject: iscll3
 
 the third international symposium on chinese languages and linguistics tentative program conference dates : july 1 - 3 , 1992 conference site : international conference hall , national tsing hua university , hsin - chu , taiwan , roc program july 1 9 : 10 - 9 : 30 opening ceremony 9 : 30-10 : 20 keynote speech : james d . mccawley "" justifying the part of speech assignment in mandarin chinese "" 10 : 20-10 : 40 break 10 : 40-12 : 10 session i huang shuan - fan "" lexical innovation and semantic change james h . i . tai "" category shifts and word-formation redundancy rules in chinese "" lisa l . s . cheng "" compounds and lexical relational structures "" 12 : 10 - 1 : 30 lunch 1 : 30 - 3 : 00 session ii hsin - i hsieh "" lexicon and morphology in a compositional cognitive grammar "" richard sproat and chilin shih "" on the sources of some constraints on mandarin morphology "" feng - hsi liu "" synthetic compound in chinese "" 3 : 00 - 3 : 20 break 3 : 20 - 5 : 20 session iii shen ya - ming "" argument structures of resultative verb compounds in chinese "" chee lick ho "" a x b y : a special compounding pattern anne yue "" the lexicon in syntactic change : lexical diffusion in chinese syntax chin - fa lien "" reciprocal pronouns in southern min dialects : a diachronic-dialect approach "" july 2 9 : 30-10 : 20 keynote speech : robert l . cheng 10 : 20-10 : 40 break 10 : 40-12 : 10 session iv matthew y . chen "" phonological diagnostics of morphosyntactic status "" daming xu "" the lexical and morphological conditions in mandarin nasal variation "" yu - chao hsiao "" a theoretical proposal for mandarin prosodic morphology "" 12 : 10 - 1 : 30 lunch 1 : 30 - 3 : 00 session v hui - i kung "" word order , specificty and object positions in mandarin chinese "" zhang zheng - sheng "" discourse genre and aspectual marking in chinese "" guo jiansheng "" right - dislocation or right location ? the ' afterthought phenomenon in mandarin and markers of speakers ' intentions "" 3 : 00 - 3 : 20 break 3 : 20 - 5 : 20 session vi ke zou "" the chinese ba - construction : a morpho-syntactic analysis "" hongming zhang "" c - command approach to morphosyntax "" sylvia chen and dingxu shi "" on the feeding relation between syntax and morphology : evidence from chinese nominal v - n compounds "" wei - tien tsai "" a note on zemeyang family - a morphosyntactic study "" july 3 9 : 30-10 : 20 keynote speech : c . t . james huang 10 : 20-10 : 40 break 10 : 40-12 : 10 session vii lilly chen "" the deictic verbs lai / khi ' come / go ' in taiwanese "" wynn chao "" negation and clausal structure in chinese mei - chun liu "" from verb / noun to adverbial functions : grammaticalization of _ jiu _ and _ cai _ in mandarin chinese "" 12 : 10 - 1 : 30 lunch 1 : 30 - 3 : 30 session viii samuel c . s . leung "" the development of cantonese aspect marker _ gan _ in a cantonese - speaking child "" thomas hun - tak lee "" two acquisition studies on quantification shen xiaonan "" a study of rhythm in mandarin prosody "" chang mei - chih "" parametrized account of tone sandhi phenomena in chinese 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 break 4 : 00 - 4 : 50 keynote speech : t . c . tang registration form name : sex : mailing address : affiliation : e - mail address : a . registration fee ( proceedings and 3 lunch boxes included ) : speaker : free audience : us $ 30 b . accomodations : moonlight hotel , hsin - chu city a . a single room will be provided free of charge to speakers for 4 nights ( june 30 - july 3 ) b . the local arrangement committee will reserve rooms in the moonlight hotel for other participants if such service is desired . 1 . nightly rate per single room : us $ 35 . 50 2 . nightly rate per double room ( two beds ) : us $ 51 . 00 ( please indicate sharing roommate and paying roommate ) c . post - symposium buffet a . speaker : free b . audience : us $ 22 total : a + b + c = please send in registration form and payment before june 10 , 1992 . both speakers and audience should register .
",0
478,"Subject: 4th nottingham international systemic workshop
 
 fourth nottingham international systemic workshop provisional programme keynote speaker : john swales ( michigan ) : genre other contributors : katja pelsmaekers ( antwerp ) : aspects of genre from the perspective of translation bill greaves ( toronto ) : the spoken dimension of genre glenn stillar ( ontario ) : a model-instance perspective on genre marta carretero ( madrid ) : the influence of genre on modality francisca gonzalez ( cordoba ) : interlanuae and the development of communicative competence ann - charlotte lindeberg ( helsinki ) : research articles in economic sciences francesca bargiela ( nottingham ) : business meetins as genre azaveli lwaitama ( dar es salaam ) : academic lectures and political harangues in kiswahili tim gibson ( nottingham ) : theme as one means of differentiating between sub-genres of abstract ignacio vazquez ( zaragoza ) : genre theory and translation maria gonzalez ( santiago ) : theme and initial position relevance . margaret berry ( nottingham ) : genre and / or register mujib rahman ( edinburh ) : an evaluation of the "" cars "" model for ra introductions caroline stainton ( nottingham ) : a genre-based approach to the understanding of the rhetorical dimension of discourse david hilborn ( nottingham ) : problems of genre-definition in liturical discourse jesus trillo ( madrid ) : continuative themes in oral discourse susan cockcroft ( nottingham ) : persuading people christopher taylor ( udine ) : sl and translation m . hazadiah ( selangor ) : the exchange as an element of topic-framework dirk noel ( antwerp ) : conjunction reconsidered geert craps ( leuven ) : thematic progression analysis reconsidered dionysis goutsos ( birmingham ) : aspects of halliday 's notion of theme and its application to greek adrian hare ( selangor ) : time and modality in law texts sara mills ( loughborough ) : gender and language further information and registration write to : hilary hillier department of english studies university of nottingham ng7 2rd uk fax : + 44 602 420 825 telephone : + 44 602 484848
",0
479,"Subject: salk insitute job
 
 new research position salk institute for biological studies a new research position has become available for studying the development of sign language and spatial cognition in deaf and hearing children . the candidate will work with a team of deaf and hearing researchers and must be fluent ( or nearly fluent ) in american sign language ; the candidate should have an interest in language acquisition and psycholinguistics . a degree ( ba , ma , or phd ) in linguistics , psychology , or cognitive science is desirable but not mandatory . both deaf and hearing researchers are encouraged to apply . the position can begin as early as june 1st . please send a vita and a letter describing your interests to : dr . ursula bellugi laboratory for language and cognitive studies the salk institute 10010 north torrey pines rd . la jolla , ca 92037 for more information , you can contact dr . karen emmorey at voice : ( 619 ) 453 - 4100 , ext . 417 , or tdd : ( 619 ) 453 - 5470 , or e-mail : emmorey @ salk . bitnet
",0
480,"Subject: who speaks languages ?
 
 > > from : vicki fromkin < iyo1vaf @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu > > > a much better response than being asked "" how many languages do you speak ? "" > > while that may still be the layperson 's view of our > > field , it is no longer the view among scientists and academicians across > > the board . vicki fromkin this raises an interesting issue : if linguists do not focus on learning many different languages , then are there any academics who do ? or are they mostly translators ? is it correct to assume that linguiists concerned with formalized grammars and symbol systems , rather than actually using language ? ( the analogy couls be made between a statistician and raw data ) michael sikillian
",0
481,"Subject: syntax query
 
 a member of the tesl - l list asked why it was possible to say i can't remember the first time ( that ) i played golf but not i can't remember the first time when i played golf clearly the explanation revolves around the adverbial nature of the when - clause . my response centered around that fact . yet , i am not certain what exactly the role of the first time is in all this . obviously it is some kind of modifier . notionally , it seems to have an adverbial type role . is it a specifier of some kind though ? and why is following perfectly fine ? have you forgotten the first time when we played golf and these antigolf fana - tics invaded the country club , stole all the ball and filled the sand traps with quicksand ? michael newman
",0
482,"Subject: syntax textbooks
 
 i need to order a textbook for a 2nd semester undergraduate syntax class . we used radford for the first semester , and i considering either cowper or haegeman for the second semester . has anyone out there used either of these books ? were you happy with them ? post to me , and i ' ll summarize if there is interest . thanks , * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * aaron broadwell , dept . of linguistics , university at albany - - suny , albany , ny 12222 gb661 @ thor . albany . edu
",0
483,"Subject: re : 3 . 396 chomsky citations
 
 linguists have a tendency to think that both they and their field are special . the failure to cite work outside one 's time or paradigm is very general and stems from the social nature of academic discourse and society . it 's just as common in biology and physics as it is in linguistics , or in deconstructionist theology , for that matter . so , do n't worry , be happy . cite sapir if you want to , or baudouin de courtenay , my current favorite , but stop thinking that we ' re special or chosen ( though some of us clearly are ! ) .
",0
484,"Subject: re : 3 . 396 chomsky citations
 
 i think that the large number of chomsky citations in linguistics is unfortunately due largely to the authoritarian nature of the chomsky - spawned linguistics that gets done : theory is simply not acceptable until it has received the imprimatur of chomsky , by his penning an essay or book which incorporates a student 's or accolyte 's idea . this is not so much an impugnment of chomsky : i personally think he is a great linguist ( and political observer ) ; it is rather an impugnment of the chomsky disciples . i gather that the ship of modern ( generative ) linguistics is so terribly tossed in the gales of ( what counts as ) science that every hand looks to the captain for guidance . and so , too often , the captain wears a halo . i think that chomsky would be cited less if linguistics was either more of a science than it is or at least more than its practitioners seem to believe .
",0
485,"Subject: chomsky citations
 
 although i am a faithful reader of the linguist , i rarely contribute . this is a case , however , where i feel i can contribute with confidence , since i am a professional librarian ( and a linguist by avocation only at this point ) . it is clear that the large majority of citations to the work of chomsky are to his linguistic works , rather than to the more political ones . i looked briefly at the citations to the works of chomsky published in the 1980 's . i used the three databases produced by the institute for scientific information : arts & humanities search , science citation index , and social scisearch . these are the primary source for citation counts in all fields . note that the citation indexes look primarily at journal article references . also note that i did not delve into things in detail , that i made these counts based on short titles only , and that i am not an expert in the works of chomsky . overall , for the three databases , less than 5 % of the citations appear to be to chomsky 's nonlinguistic works ( remember , these are citations to works published in the 1980 's only ) . the percentages did vary between the three databases : arts & humanities - - - - - - - approx 3 % to nonlinguistic works social scisearch - - - - - - - - approx 7 % to nonlinguistic works science citation index - - much < 1 % to nonlinguistic works donna cromer centennial science and engineering library univ of new mexico info3 @ hal . unm . edu
",0
486,"Subject: re : 3 . 396 chomsky citations
 
 i agree with mark durie that it is less curious that chomsky is cited so much than that others before him are cited so little , at least by linguists . for example , two of the most important issues in multilinear phonology , one fairly recent , the other around since the 70 's , are many-to - one mapping between tones and vowels and * prosodic licensing * , the notion that elements of one linguistic level must belong to units of a higher level ( usually the next level up ) . both of these notions are explicit principles of tagmemic phonology ( on the first cf . the last two paragraphs of pike & pike 1947 , then read the first line of the introduction to goldsmith 's 1976 phd thesis for an interesting contrast ; on the second principle , cf . pike 1967 and his discussion of the ` phonemic hierarchy ' ) . one rarely sees pike quoted in this regard ( e . selkirk has long been an exception to this pattern , though ) . geoff pullum 's nllt column on citation etiquette in linguistics takes up this general problem . this is partially understandable since a lot of tagmemics ' insights take the unappealing form of a disjoint set of ad-hoc commentaries on the last language pike looked at . nevertheless , there is no way to deny that pike is responsible for some brilliant insights into human language . and pike is just one example . there are plenty of others . it is not that anyone needs chomsky to make their work respectable . that is clearly false , whether the individual is saussure or a student . still , if anyone were to seriously doubt that it is chomsky , not saussure , nor bloomfield , nor sapir , nor even jakobson , who ` put linguistics on the map ' of the intellectual disciplines and who has done more to keep it there than anyone else is in need of some psychiatric help . moreover , the fact that chomsky publishes more than any other linguist ( if i am wrong , please correct me - that would be interesting ) does n't hurt his citation index . his output is nearly asimovian . his influence on the field can be seen even at the level of university administration : when a department chairperson wants to convince a university administrator that linguistics has natural intellectual ties to many departments , i do not think that they would drop the names of saussure or pike rather than chomsky . it is worth considering the possibility that many of the citations of chomsky 's work could be due to ignorance - if he said it , or even if we think he did , just cite him and nobody will argue ; why look for the * original * source ? that 's hard work and laziness too often prevails . but it is also true that , like it or not , the source of many of the most interesting ideas in history on human language came from 20d-219 , mit .
",0
487,"Subject: the "" black hole "" of pre - chomskyan citations
 
 steve anderson 's new book on morphology should contain the follow - ing epigraph ( if he did n't change it before publication ) : "" linguistics will become a science when linguists begin standing on one another 's shoulders instead of one another 's toes "" . i think he has a point . we have reached the point where we are redoing some aspects of language more poorly than they were done the first time . the problem may have originated from the fact that little had been done in syntax prior to the work of the generative school ; little , that is , in comparison to what has been done since the instigation of that movement . jakobson 's and halle 's work in distinctive features also clearly superceded pre - vious work , making it difficult to find structuralist work relevant to what is going on today . however , anderson is right in chiding us for carrying this attitude over to morphology , where the current trend in and around massachusetts has hardly moved beyond bloomfield , the first to claim that affixes are regular lexical items . first rate morphologi - cal study goes back to the stoic philosophers , who were the first to tease apart grammatical categories and , on a different track , back to panini . not only is most current morphology failing to cite relevant sources , it is failing to take advantage of the discoveries of struc - turalist , neogrammarian , and even classical morphologists . these pre - decessors were particularly adept at finding problems in the theory of the linguistic sign . varro ( 47-45 ) was the first to attempt to define lexical categories in terms of [ + / - n , + / - v ] as well as lexicalizations . aristotle noticed that grammatical morphemes differed from lexical ones and the stoics first used the terms "" signifier "" and "" signified "" . i am jumping into the middle of this discussion but i think mark has touched the real issue : it is less that chomsky and other members of his school are quoted so much than that many others who make contri - butions - - often the same ones - - are quoted to little . the result which i am seeing more and more often is the second , third , fourth reinvention of the wheel . - - rbeard
",0
488,"Subject: re : 3 . 396 chomsky citations
 
 i ' m neither surprised by the number of chomsky citations , nor their nature , and i do agree that linguistics owes much of its current status to chomsky 's work . however , i do n't think we ought to overemphasize the political citations , since , clearly , the linguistic ones come in droves . and , while vicki 's nobel - prize - winners ' citations speak to this point , let us not shun others that also give our profession honor - - one of my favorites is from woody allan , "" the whore of mensa "" ( 1972 ) : i ' m on the road a lot . you know how it is - - lonely . . . sure a guy can meet all the bimbos he wants . but really brainy women - - they ' re not easy to find on short notice . "" . . . "" well , i heard of this young girl . . . for a price , she ' ll come over and discuss any subject . . . symbolism 's extra . "" "" suppose i wanted noam chomsky explained to me by two girls ? "" . . . "" it 'd cost you . "" i hasten to disassociate myself with the sexism of the citation . lyle campbell
",0
489,"Subject: re : 3 . 396 chomsky citations
 
 i would like to second mark durie 's concerns with what he calls a "" pre-generative black hole in modern citation patterns "" . it seems a real problem to me that so many of the younger scholars trained in the chomskian school of linguistics are almost completely ignorant of any work done outside that school . on the other hand it seems those who do have a solid knowledge of the history of ideas in linguistics and have an awareness of typological diversity and have worked seriously with a number of languages tend to produce superior work . a prime example is the work of michael silverstein , whose work is grounded on a very thorough knowledge of the work of sapir , boas , saussure , bloomfield , etc . , as well as experience doing detailed work with american indian and australian languages , as well as a good knowledge of work done in the philosophy of language .
",0
490,"Subject: re : 3 . 402 queries : language - speakers , syntax , texts
 
 i would like to address the issue of "" who speaks languages ? "" it seems to me that this is a big problem . while linguists study structures of various kinds , language teachers study literature , and , if they ' re lucky , pedagogy ( very few graduate schools offer any theoretical orientation to teaching to literature students , which is where most college language teachers come from ) . thus many college language teachers must teach without background ( and with resentment , for some ) while they research in a different area entirely . when some linguists teach languages , they teach structures , not speaking . thus , when taking an unusually-taught language under the auspices of a linguistics department , all we did was talk about structure , we never learned to speak it . talking about language was thrown out many years ago as a way to learn to speak ! neither group , unhappy literature teachers nor structure-happy linguists , are likely to improve the image of language learning in this country . leslie morgan morgan @ loyvax
",0
491,"Subject: re : 3 . 402 queries : language - speakers , syntax , texts
 
 the folks concerned with speaking a lot of languages would include those directing the mormon missionary effort and those who run the schools for diplomats ( etc . ) assigned to a variety of foreign postings . such people are very clever at developing language skills in their students but in part because they are remorselessly practical ( i . e . anti-theoretical ) . it strikes me that the popularity of language instruction by the intuitive method may explain in part why knowledge of grammar ( any sort of rudimentary grammar ) is no longer very common in the general population . lots of people get a dose of english grammar in middle school , but i wonder if that sort of thing will stick when it simply seems to tell you ( or even to misrepresent ) what you know already . if only seventh-grade grammar teachers could convince their students that it is interesting to see how systematically you behave without knowing it ! but this is the age at which one 's children may raise their voices in protest if you seem to be lecturing them about an area in which they lay claim to adult competence . . . . - - rick
",0
492,"Subject: re : 3 . 402 queries : language - speakers , syntax , texts
 
 in answer to michael sikillian 's query : i like the analogy between linguists / language and statisticians / data . from a somewhat different , though related , point of view , here is another that i think is apt . many people must do calculations of various kinds now and again ( even given the mechanical aids we now have ) . there is a tendency among the laity to re - gard mathematicians as little more than skilled calculators ; but mathema - ticians are not mere calculators - - rather thay are ( to a degree ) investi - gators of the underlying principles of , e . g . , the number system ( and hence of the methods of calculation ) . one particular respect in which i think the analogy is a good one is this . many mathematicians , though not all , are highly adept at calculation . and many linguists , though not all , are ( a ) polyglots , and ( b ) more than routine - ly adept language learners . and the converse holds as well : there are goiod calculators who are n't much good at math and there are good language learners who can't fathom linguistics ( i know whereof i speak , believe me ! ) i suspect , though i am not sure , that you could take this even further . my experience suggests that most linguists get interested in the field as the result of a second language learning experience - - or at least that such an experience has an important influence on them . and i suspect that it 's also true that many mathematicians developed their interest in the beginning from thinking about what they were doing when they did addition , subtraction etc . since this is advanced as an empirical claim ( carefully hedged ) , data bearing on it is / are most welcome . michael kac
",0
493,"Subject: re : 3 . 402 queries : language - speakers , syntax , texts
 
 about "" who speaks languages "" : on the one hand i ' m just as frustrated as most linguists with the question "" how many languages do you speak "" , but on the other hand i think it 's vastly incorrect to say "" linguists are concerned only with formalized grammars and symbol systems "" . the fact that some of us * are n't * concerned primarily with these issues is why the recent discussion on rules is for us so baffling . there are still some of us who are concerned with very good description of languages and language . not that writing grammars or dictionaries will get us grad students jobs . . . but there are a good number of us who are both fluent in contemporary theory and comfortable with large amounts of detailed language data . sometimes we speak one or more of the languages we ' re studying ; often we learn * about * the languages such that we end up with a very different kind of working knowledge than the native speaker has . many of us for whom careful data-gathering and analysis is a high priority can readily translate bits of the languages we work on , but would n't be much good in a conversation . i really feel that the two tasks are different - - i would n't make a very good simultaneous interpreter , and someone who would probably can't tell you the structural things that i can about the language in question . perhaps this is obvious to the more experienced linguists out there . . . but it 's been rattling around in my head after a couple of conferences where i met ( 1 ) great theoreticians who control very little data ( 2 ) great descrip - tivists who care very little about recent theoretical developments and ( 3 ) a healthy number of people , especially grad students , who cared about both . it seems those in the latter category are trying to be both collectors of raw data and statisticians , in the analogy that 's been offered . any thoughts on this ? kathleen hubbard u . c . berkeley
",0
494,"Subject: new e - mail network
 
 a n n o u n c i n g asling - l : the e-mail network for people interested in sign linguistics ! this network has been established to discuss linguistic issues related to signed languages . all areas of linguistics will be discussed including syntax , acquisition , phonology , morphology , psycholinguistics , cognition , etc . to subscribe to the network , send a message to the following address : listserv @ yalevm . bitnet the message should include only the following line of text : sub asling - l your real name questions regarding the network can be sent directly to the listowner at : cromano @ uconnvm . bitnet looking forward to having you on board ! christine romano , list owner please pass this on to students or colleagues who may be interested !
",0
495,"Subject: human sense disambiguation
 
 last year i sent out a request to the linguist list asking the following . . . > i am doing some research into word sense disambiguation applied to > information retrieval . recently i was reading a paper that said , > > "" a number of researchers in text processing have observed that people can > consistently determine the sense of a word simply by examining the half > dozen or so words just before and after the word in focus . "" > > but then the paper does n't seem to directly reference any papers mentioning > this . i would really like to track down these papers , does anyone have a > reference for them ? someone has just contacted me asking for a summary of the answers . i guess i should ' ve done this ages ago . still , better late than never . i got many replies but not all that many references that were what i needed . here are four references that are probably worth a look . the first two i ' ve found and they are spot on . the others i havn ' t seen . thanks to everyone who replied , it was a great help . y . choueka and s . luisgnan , "" disambiguation by short contexts "" , "" computers and the humanities "" , 19 ( 3 ) , pp147 - 157 , 1985 miller , g . a . , "" annual review of psychology "" , communication , vol 5 , pp401 - 420 , 1954 ( this contains a summary of work carried out by abraham kaplan ) graeme hirst , "" semantic interpretation and the resolution of ambiguity "" , studies in natural language processing , cambridge university press , 1987 , uk kathleen dahlgren : "" naive semantics for natural language understanding "" , boston : kluwer , 1988 . + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | mail : mark sanderson , department of computing science , | | the university , glasgow g12 8qq , scotland , uk . | + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | e - mail : sanderso @ dcs . glasgow . ac . uk | | tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 41 339 8855 x6292 < - - - - * * * new number * * * | | fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 41 330 4913 | + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | "" i ' m gonna get you in my tent tent tent tent tent | | so we can both experiment ment ment ment ment "" | + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
",0
496,"Subject: re : 3 . 404 chomsky citations
 
 in view of the number of chomsky citations , it is puzzling to note that his ideas are not much used by the deconstructionists or other current "" literary theorists "" , even when issues of a rather obviously cognitivist nature arise . the major sociolinguists ( who surely qualify as radicals ) are also neglected . instead we find lots of sapir , saussure , and levi - strauss . the view from "" intellectual backwaters like paris "" ( to add another chomsky citation ) seems somewhat restricted geographically . - - rick
",0
497,"Subject: re : 3 . 404 chomsky citations
 
 i would like to place a large bet that chomsky is by far the most cited linguist in the postings to the linguist list . . .
",0
498,"Subject: 3 . 404 chomsky citations
 
 > date : wed , 13 may 92 12 : 48 : 37 - 0400 > from : dever @ pogo . isp . pitt . edu ( dan everett ) > > moreover , the fact that chomsky publishes more than > any other linguist ( if i am wrong , please correct me - that would be > interesting ) does n't hurt his citation index . his output is nearly > asimovian . i know of at least two other linguists whose output is as gargantuan as chomsky 's . it would be nice if someone could actually sit down and see who 's the real champion ( taking into account how long all concerned have been in the job ) . one is anna wierzbicka ( australian national university ) , the other one is pierre swiggers ( katholieke universiteit leuven ) . now , if both of them are quoted far less often than chomsky , it is not because they publish less , but because they deal with areas that for some reason or other appear to be less fashionable than "" pure autonomous syntax "" . > his influence on the field can be seen even at the level of university > administration : when a department chairperson wants to convince a > university administrator that linguistics has natural intellectual > ties to many departments , i do not think that they would drop the > names of saussure or pike rather than chomsky . agreed , by mentioning wierzbicka or swiggers , you would n't get half as far . but then again , the reason for this is the one mentioned above . > it is worth considering the possibility that many of the citations of > chomsky 's work could be due to ignorance - if he said it , or even if > we think he did , just cite him and nobody will argue ; why look for the > * original * source ? that 's hard work and laziness too often prevails . i ' ve got the distinct impression that the ignorance scenario is indeed a likely one . see for instance manning / parker in language sciences ( 1989 ; their paper on word order hierarchies , with its reference to lightfoot and chomsky ) and my reply in language sciences ( 1991 ; "" basic word order frequencies or manning / parker contra tomlin "" , pp . 79-88 ) . > date : 13 may 1992 23 : 20 edt > from : robert beard < rbeard @ flint . bucknell . edu > > > jakobson 's > and halle 's work in distinctive features also clearly superceded pre - > vious work , making it difficult to find structuralist work relevant to > what is going on today . hold it . . . in semantics , i clearly feel that structuralist work remains extremely relevant to what is going on today in linguistics . but maybe you guys will all think that what semanticists in general and this semanticist in particular is doing is entirely irrelevant . . . : - )
",0
499,"Subject: integration and disintegration in phonological theory
 
 dan everett 's comment on my dissertation ( as i ' ve pointed out to him ) , and by implication on how that work fits into the work of its antecedents , is misleading . dan was for some reason alluding to the fact that in the mit version of the dissertation ( though not the one that has circulated from the iulc or published by garland , which are the ones usually cited ) i mentioned in the acknowledgements that my interest in tone started with reading will leben 's 1973 dissertation : a true fact . but the dissertation itself has a chapter , the first , entirely devoted to the proposition that this work was a continuation of a discussion that has been going on in american phonology since the 1940s ! dan , i think , sees pike as the most important theoretician to cite in that period ; in my writing , i ' ve focused more on bloch , harris , and ( in my 1980 book ) on hockett , rather than pike , but this is more a matter of style and taste than anything else . [ on the same theme , i have a paper coming out ( perhaps it has come out already ) in the journal of linguistics on the genealogical connections between prosodic ( firthian ) phonology and autosegemmental phonology . ] dan has also pointed out that some of the major contributors to phonology during this period who are still very much alive and intellectual active have felt slighted by the lack of citation of their work . as i tried to suggest in my paper on firthian phonology , this is more an indictment of normal human expectations of courtesy than it is the result of people actually forgetting about these phonologists ' good , published ideas ( there is much less of that latter sin than many people wish to believe - - a point that geoff huck and i have made in a recent paper on the relation of generative semantics to current syntactic theory ) . however - - and again from a purely human point of view - - i wonder how many people , like myself , who were publishing material on nonlinear phonology in , say , its first ten years ( 1975 to 1985 ) ever received a note from one of these contributers to the literature in the 1940s and 1950s ? speaking just for myself , i am sure i would have been galvanized to have been dropped a note by . . . any of a number of linguists ; in more recent years , i ' ve had the opportunity to discuss the history of the field , in writing and in person , with a number of these linguists . but i would have been absolutely delighted to have received such a comment , a bit of mild reproof perhaps from an established contributor ( who , now , i can perceive as feeling left out ) . i never did . anyone else ? john goldsmith
",0
500,"Subject: 3 . 405 languages , citation
 
 prompted by margaret winters 's lament that students are n't being given a good historical appreciation of their subject , i picked robins 's ` short history of linguistics ' from my shelf . interestingly ` linguistics in the present century ' is the eighth and final chapter ( pp . 198 - - 233 ) . melville bell appears on 203 , along with sweet ; then comes trubetzkoy ( p . 204 ) , jespersen , hjelmslev ( 206 ) , boas , sapir , bloomfield ( 207 ) , harris ( 210 ) , hockett ( 211 ) , "" in recent years "" pike ( 212 ) , firth and malinowski ( 213 ) , halliday ( 221 ) , jakobson ( 222 ) , n . j . marr ( 225 ) ( remember him ? ) , lamb and chomsky ( 226 ) , katz and postal ( 227 ) , and that 's it ! ( the book was first published in 1967 ) . - - - john coleman
",0
501,"Subject: 3 . 405 languages , citation
 
 let me respond in general to the "" do you speak many languages ? "" issue . let 's extend the statistician analogy . let 's say we ask our statistician , "" do you care about the individual data points ? "" s : yes , as long as they contribute to my model i : but you see yourself as independent of the data ? s : yes , as a statitician , my function is to discover the underlying structure from the data points . if i collect environmental data from bar harbor maine , it is no more important than if i did from seymour , indiana . what is significant is the rules , structure and theories which can be made from the individual data points . i : does the domain ( ie . subject area ) matter to you ? s : not except for some sentimental reason . whether it is environmental data or the performance of computer systems , it is all the same . the methodology is what matters . i : would you object to being a special branch of mathematics or computer science ? s : no , no . statistics is quite different . i : ultimately , are n't you justy applying mathematical methods under a different guise ? s : but the environment is different than anything else . i : have n't you just contradicted yourself ? s : let me rephrase then : the results have different effects depending on subject matter . i : but you are not concerned with the individuals in bar harbor , for whom particulates or acid rain is a large concern . you do n't want to understand the data nor make decisions based on it ? s : no , that is too remorselessly practical . i am a theoretician . i prefer to develop theories about statistics rather than gain any understanding of what , say . 001 m vs . 005 m particulates means in a given area . i focus on knowing about rather than knowing . if this ( fairly transparent ) dialogue did not make the point , let me add this ( more topical ) reference . if i know that the line : spargens humida mella soporiferumque papaver , and write a paper that says sparg + e + ns ( present participle marker ) humid + a ( neuter plural marker ) then develop a rule for the grammar used in this piece , rewite it in the phonetic alphabet , i will know a lot , from the point of whatever linguistic area i am coming from ( transformational grammar , phonetics , etc ) . and i can develop a rather * wonderful * description of the language used . but i think it is ultimately inadequate : for this line ( from virgil 's 4th aeneid ) is not the same as a mathematical data point of . 005 ppm . there is a vast difference between a formalized description of something , of knowing about language , and knowing a language . * translation : sprinkling moist honey and sleep-bearing poppy .
",0
502,"Subject: youth - gang lipolalia
 
 pardon the neologism : lipogram = writing without using a designated letter , thus lipolalia would be the corresponding practice in speech . compare the discussion of english - prime of a few months ago . martin walker of the manchester guardian reports from los angeles about the youth gangs : "" the bloods , who never use a word beginning with the letter c of their rivals , the cripps , who in turn never use a word beginning with b for blood , are perhaps the best known . "" urban myth , or linguistic data ? can anyone ( dis ) corroborate ? - - - - lee hartman , southern illinois university
",0
503,"Subject: query : sexist example sentences
 
 i know that some time in the past ( the 70 's ? ) some linguists became aware of the tendency to perpetuate sexist stereotypes in example sentences ( "" john is a doctor "" ; "" mary is a nurse "" ) , leading to the use of gender-neutral names in examples ( kim , sandy , chris , etc . ) . my question is : did anyone ever do ( and maybe publish ) a study of this tendency in actual example sentences in linguistics textbooks or articles ? thanks . monica macaulay
",0
504,"Subject: re : 3 . 395 rules
 
 g . vanden wyngaerd writes : > 3 . 387 martti arnold nyman < manyman @ finuha . bitnet > writes : > ( 1 ) a is [ the man who is tall ] _ _ in the room ? > b is [ the man who _ _ tall ] is in the room ? > > why would a more or less random distribution over ( 1a ) and ( 1b ) be > expectable in the acquisition stage , if speakers unfailingly - - and so , > as the only pattern for children to base inductive generalizations on - - > produce ( 1a ) ? > the assumption implicit in nyman 's question is that children only > produce what they hear . this is plainly incorrect . children do not hear > forms like "" buyed "" , "" eated "" , or "" goed "" , yet they all go through a stage > where they produce these forms . this can only be because they make > generalisations ( rules , if you like ) , which go beyond what they hear . now > given that the main source of evidence on yes-no questions at the child 's > disposal will overwhelmingly consist of simple sentences of the form "" is > the man _ _ in the room "" , the child could make the generalisation either > in way : in terms of linear precedence ( "" front the first finite verb "" , > yielding ( 1b ) ) or in terms of hierarchical structure ( "" front the finite verb > which follows the subject "" , yielding ( 1a ) ) . the fact that children do not > make mistakes in this respect ( ie do not form ( 1b ) ) clearly shows that > the rule is not one learned by experience , the relevant experience not > being rich enough to determine the nature of the rule and not being > able to explain the absence of mistakes . there are a number of interesting things about wyngaerd 's statement here . 1 ) forms like "" buyed "" , "" goed "" , and "" eated "" may occur in child speech , but they are in a minority . the vast majority of attempts at irregular verbs are produced correctly . ( gary marcus and his colleagues at mit have a monograph on this that is not yet out . ) children do tend to produce what they here , at least statistically . 2 ) the assumption is made , in the absence of any data , that children rarely hear adults produce sentences like ( 1a ) above . this is an amazing claim , and i doubt that it is true . 3 ) even if it were true , wyngaerd is making generalizations about learning in the absence of a theory of learning . these last two things are unfortunately very common . why do we think that it 's ok to say , "" there 's no data on this , but if there were , i ' m sure it would be x "" , and expect people to take it seriously ? or "" i have no theory of learning , but i ' m sure that it would n't predict x "" ? i ' m a phonologist , and i have n't kept up with changes in syntactic theory , and i ' m sure that i would n't be allowed to get away with statements like "" i have no reasonable formal theory of syntax , but if i did , i ' m sure that it could n't accommodate subj-aux inversion , so all theories of formal syntax must be wrong "" . but this statement is no different in kind from the other ones . one last statement implicit in much work in linguistics : "" i have no theory of genetics , ontogeny , or evolutionary biology , but i ' m sure that if i did , modern linguistic assumptions about innateness would fit in real well . "" maybe we should ask a bit more of ourselves that we often do . - - - joe stemberger
",0
505,"Subject: rules , innateness , psychological reality
 
 guido vanden wyngaerd ( vol-3 - 395 ) claims that the wh-island constraint is innate . if it is innate , there is really nothing to explain . to vindicate his claim , wyngaerd purports to show that cognitive principles such as analogy make false predictions about how the structure of yes-no questions is acquired : if it were acquired by analogy , one would expect a more or less random distribution over ( 1a ) and ( 1b ) : ( 1 ) a is [ the man who is tall ] _ _ in the room ? b * is [ the man who _ _ tall ] is in the room ? as the reason for this distributional expectation wyngaerd gives this : > given that the main source of evidence on yes-no questions at the child 's > disposal will overwhelmingly consist of simple sentences of the form "" is > the man _ _ in the room "" , the child could make the generalisation either > in way : in terms of linear precedence ( "" front the first finite verb "" , > yielding ( 1b ) ) or in terms of hierarchical structure ( "" front the finite verb > which follows the subject "" , yielding ( 1a ) ) . the fact that children do not > make mistakes in this respect ( ie do not form ( 1b ) ) clearly shows that > the rule is not one learned by experience , the relevant experience not > being rich enough to determine the nature of the rule and not being > able to explain the absence of mistakes . the above passage proves nothing . it would be interesting , indeed , to hear psycholinguists ' opinions about this kind of conjectural psycholinguistics . meanwhile , let me continue conjecturing , for the sake of argument . that "" the relevant experience [ is not ] rich enough to determine the nature of the rule "" echoes the well-known ' poverty of stimulus ' argument , which has never been proven . in the case at hand , it is easy to conjecture what sort of data / experience is relevant for a child to infer that yes-no questions are formed in terms of hierarchical structure . consider where-questions : where is [ x ] ? [ x ] is in z . is [ x ] in z ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - where is [ x who is y ] ? [ x who is y ] is in z . is [ x who is y ] in z ? in principle , analogy works here quite well : the where-question displays the hierarchy which can be analogically extended to other cases . but i am not concerned with whether or not analogy works in this particular case . what i am concerned with is , objecting to wholesale innatism . notice that this does not make me a _ tabula _ rasa _ proselyte . certainly children possess innate cognitive principles and abilities , but from this it does not follow that human beings are necessarily endowed with a grammar as a mental organ ; nor does it follow that the cognitive principles are linguistic or grammatical in nature . it should be clear from my earlier postings that i do not hold that "" children only produce what they hear "" . so , i concur with wyngaerd 's view that > children do not hear > forms like "" buyed "" , "" eated "" , or "" goed "" , yet they all go through a stage > where they produce these forms . this can only be because they make > generalizations ( rules , if you like ) , which go beyond what they hear . i expect wyngaerd to concur with me that forms like "" buyed "" , "" eated "" , or "" goed "" are due to analogy . > as far as the rest of nyman 's remarks is concerned , i still fail to > see how and why they motivate a distinction between grules and lrules : in his _ knowledge _ of _ grammar _ ( 1986 ) , chomsky speaks of rules as follws : "" it might be appropriate to describe the way a sheep dog collects the flock , or the way a spider spins a web , or the way a cockroach walks in terms of rule following , with reference to underlying "" competence "" consisting of rules of some sort . . . "" ( 239 ) . if you think this is analogical to linguistic behavior , you won't need recognize the conceptual distinction between social norms-of - language ( l - rules as objects of common knowledge ) and theoretical generalizations as formulated by a linguist ( g - rules ) . g ( rammatical ) rules need not be psychologically real , but if they are supposed to be psychologically valid , this means that g - rules are supposed to describe what the internalized rule must consist in ; no one knows how "" brain rules "" are represented ( mentalese ? ) . martti nyman department of linguistics , university of helsinki , finland
",0
506,"Subject: re : 3 . 408 adjuncts
 
 on the use of "" when "" as equivalent to "" that "" in sentences like "" i remember the time when i first played golf "" cf . the spatial neighbor "" where "" in e . g . "" i can't see my way clear to where i could do that for you "" , or the mathematicians ' usage ( "" where x ranges over some entities . . . . "" ) . - - rick
",0
507,"Subject: re : 3 . 408 adjuncts
 
 re michael newman 's query and the responses : in my english "" when "" is permissable as a rel . cl . marker and c . l . baker . 1989 . english syntax . explicitly says so on p . 238 . i do n't agree that any kind of elision has taken place or that it is an adverbial clause of time . the problem if there is one is simply the collocation of the two words "" time "" and "" when "" which do n't sit comfortably together to the english ear . consider for acceptability : 1 ) i remember the first occasion when we played golf . the rejection of "" when "" in the sentence newman cites : 2 ) i do n't remember the first time when i played golf . is made not on structural or syntactic grounds but purely on the basis i suggest that "" time "" means "" when "" and thus sounds awkward . on a scale of acceptability the following sentence might lie twixt the others : 3 ) i remember the first day when i played golf . since day is less basically a word like "" time "" ( = meaning when ) we may judge this as more acceptable . "" that "" is also perhaps by choice the strongest marker in english of restrictiveness in rel . cl . and since that is what the function of these rel clauses are to restrict the "" day "" or "" time "" we prefer "" that "" in a "" formal "" sense . as to the chaining with "" and "" , i suspect that what those kinds of sentences represent are : 4 ) i remember the first day when we played golf ( delete and ) that these noisy buggers came along and ruined our game . "" and "" is effectively introducing an np that . . . not another rel cl . lloyd holliday school of education la trobe university , melbourne edulh @ lure . latrobe . edu . au
",0
508,"Subject: re : 3 . 408 adjuncts
 
 in a language where many speakers confuse "" which "" and "" that "" , is it any surprise that there is flexibility regarding "" that "" and "" when "" ? can anyone name the first scholar who noted these things ? < grin > eric schiller
",0
509,"Subject: tolkienian linguistics
 
 i know that the subject of tolkienian linguistics is not exactly at the forefront of modern linguisitic research , but i also know that many modern linguists were inspired , in whole or in part , by the life and linguistic creations of j . r . r . tolkien , whose centenary is being celebrated this year . so , in that spirit , i would like to let everyone here know about "" vinyar tengwar "" ( issn 1054-7606 ) , a bimonthly journal devoted to formal study of tolkien 's linguistic work , with primary focus on his invented languages , especially quenya and sindarin ( noldorin ) . "" vinyar tengwar "" is refereed , and is now indexed by the mla . it is published in bulletin format , with a typical issue containing 32 pages . "" vt "" will enter its fifth year of continuous publication in september . current areas of discussion include the indo - european connections of the eldarin tongues , analyses of the corpus , formal aspects of the various languages , foreign translations , etc . past issues have featured the book quenya noun declension chart , and analyses of several otherwise unpublished quenya samples . subscriptions to "" vt "" are for one year ( 6 issues ) ; the rates are $ 12 in the united states , $ 15 canada and overseas surface mail , and $ 18 overseas airmail . all payments must be in us dollars : foreign subscribers are encouraged to use an international postal money order . send all subscriptions , and make all checks payable , to : carl f . hostetter editor , "" vinyar tengwar "" 2509 ambling circle crofton , md 21114
",0
510,"Subject: the merry month
 
 thanks to rick wojcik for remembering to remember these . . . jim mccawley dates in the month of may that are of interest to linguists may 2 , 1919 . baudouin de courtenay concedes defeat in his bid for the presidency of poland . may 3 , 1955 . mouton & co . discover how american libraries order books and scheme to cash in by starting several series of books on limericks . the person given charge of this project mishears and starts several series of books on linguistics . no one ever notices the mistake . may 5 , 1403 . the great english vowel shift begins . giles of tottenham calls for ale at his favorite pub and is perplexed when the barmaid tells him that the fishmonger is next door . may 6 , 1939 . the university of chicago trades leonard bloomfield to yale university for two janitors and an undisclosed number of concrete gargoyles . may 7 , 1966 . r-less pronunciation is observed in eight kindergarten pupils in secaucus , n . j . the governor of new jersey stations national guardsmen along the banks of the hudson . may 9 , 1917 . n . ja . marr discovers rosh , the missing link for japhetic unity . may 11 , 1032 . holy roman emperor conrad ii orders isoglosses erected across northern germany as defense against viking intruders . may 12 , 1965 . sydney lamb announces discovery of the hypersememic stratum , setting off a wave of selling on the nyse . may 13 . vowel day . ( public holiday in kabardian autonomous region ) . the ceremonial vowel is pronounced by all kabardians as a symbol of brotherhood with all speakers of human languages . may 14 , 519 b . c . birth of panini . may 15 , 1964 . j . katz and j . fodor are separated in 5 - hour surgery from which neither recovers . may 17 , 1966 . j . r . ross tells a clean joke . may 18 , 1941 . quang phuc dong is captured by the japanese and interned for the duration of hostilities . may 19 . diphthong day . ( public holiday in australia ) may 20 , 473 b . c . publisher returns to panini a manuscript entitled _ saptadhyayi _ with a note requesting the addition of a chapter on phonology . panini begins struggling to meet the publisher 's deadline . may 21 , 1962 . first mention of the _ sound _ pattern _ of _ english as ` in press ' . may 23 , 38 , 471 b . c . god creates language . may 26 , 1945 . zellig harris applies his newly formulated discovery procedures and discovers [ t ] . may 27 , 1969 . george lakoff discovers the global rule . supermarkets in cambridge , mass . are struck by frenzied buying of canned goods . may 29 , 1962 . angular brackets are discovered . classes at m . i . t . are dismissed and much latvian plum brandy is consumed . may 30 , 1939 . charles f . hockett finishes composing the music for the linguistic society of america 's anthem , ` can you hear the difference ? ' may 31 , 1951 . chomsky discovers affix - hopping and is reprimanded by his father for discovering rules on shabas .
",0
511,"Subject: new journal : languages of the world
 
 new journal : languages of the world issue no . 3 has just appeared scientific advisory board : l . o . adewole ( ile - ife ) s . brauner ( leipzig ) u . claudi ( cologne ) m . job ( marburg ) a . kaye ( fullerton ) j . j . song ( singapore ) t . stolz ( bochum ) editor : u . lueders ( munich ) contents of the third issue : a . k . maltsukov ( st . petersburg ) : distributive constructions and verbal valence in even ( manchu - tungusic ) u . lueders ( munich ) : ergativity and actant marking in pazar laz ( kartvelian ) l . o . adewole ( ile - ife ) : reference in yoruba pronouns and : the linguistic news lines with about 200 pieces of information on the linguistic scene around the world . languages of the world is published by lincom europa . lincom europa was founded to offer linguists additional possibilities for publishing their work . especially the p&e system ( pay & earn ) enables linguists to publish their work in a fast , uncomplicated and independent manner . to order languages of the world , please write to lincom europa sportplatzstrasse 6 d - w-8044 unterschleissheim / muenchen ( 10 issues us $ 140 , for individuals $ 100 , for students $ 68 )
",0
512,"Subject: athapaskan language conference
 
 1992 athabaskan linguistics conference july 4 - 5 , flagstaff arizona preliminary program saturday , july 4 9-10 coffee and registration 10 : 00 sharon hargus , university of washington title tba 10 : 30 john files , university of texas , austin autosegmental analysis of tone in navajo verbs coffee 11 : 30 martha wright , syracuse university another look at word-formation with classifiers in navajo 12 : 00 gloria emerson aspects of a navajo language program 12 : 30 - 2 lunch 2 : 00 brian potter , university of arizona navajo compounding : an interaction between syntax and morphology 2 : 30 peggy speas , university of massachusetts mapping indefinite nps in navajo 3 : 00 eloise jelinek , university of arizona pronoun attachment to the verb in athapaskan break 4 : 00 ann beck , northern arizona university developing a test of language dominance for navajo children 4 : 30 alyce neundorf , northern arizona university future prospects for navajo language study sunday , july 5 10 : 00 jim kari , title tba 10 : 30 siri tuttle , university of washington nasal harmony in galice athabaskan coffee break 11 : 30 chad thompson , indiana univ . and purdue univ . at fort wayne the metrics of koyukon verb prefixes 12 : 00 sally midgette aspect and transitivity in navajo 12 : 30 - 2 : 00 lunch 2 : 00 robert young , university of new mexico title to be announced 2 : 30 willem dereuse , university of arizona testing the degree of mutual intelligibility between navajo and western apache 3 : 00 report on the workshops at navajo community college all talks will be held at the northern arizona university center for excellence in education . a block of rooms has been reserved at the inn at northern arizona university , which is a motel located on campus . you may reserve a room by calling ( 602 ) 523-9011 . some accommodations in the nau dormitories will also be available . for information on this , contact alyse neundorf at the center for excellence in education , ( 602 ) 523-9528 . for information by email , contact peggy speas . ( speas @ cs . umass . edu )
",0
513,"Subject: re : 3 . 405 languages , citation
 
 michael kac 's mathematics analogy is interesting and appropriate . i would extend it even to mathematicians who can't figure the tip on a dinner bill without a calculator , and linguists who are only fluent in their native language . unfortunately , this analogy is useless for the many people who understand neither field . like the rest of you , i have had my share of "" how many languages do you speak ? "" similarly , as an undergraduate math major , a common reaction was "" oh , so you ' re going to be a cpa like your mother ? "" melody sutton ucla
",0
514,"Subject: re : 3 . 405 languages
 
 in the context of "" who speaks languages ? "" let me comment on how one becomes a linguist . michael kac writes : > i suspect , though i am not sure , that you could take this even further . my > experience suggests that most linguists get interested in the field as the > result of a second language learning experience - - or at least that such an > experience has an important influence on them . this might be true for many linguists . i would like to generalize this observation : it seems to me that many linguists have entered the field because at some point in their lives they have had trouble with using language or with communication in general . this could have been while learning a ( first or ) second language . this could have been because of growing up in a multi-language environment or because of a physical handicap such as stutter . linguistics then serves as a ( formal ) tool to compensate for this deficiency . i can vividly remember how i struggled with german punctuation rules in 6th grade and how i felt relieved when i began to understand the structure of sentences and how this knowledge could be applied to find the correct spot for commas , etc . this started my interested in linguistics and that is how i ended up as a ( computational ) linguist . i 'd be very interested to learn if there is more evidence for my hypothesis . martin volk * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * martin volk * university koblenz - landau tel ( + 49 ) 261-9119 - 469 * institute of computational linguistics * rheinau 3 - 4 fax ( + 49 ) 261-37524 * w-5400 koblenz , germany email volk @ brian . uni-koblenz . de * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
515,"Subject: words to live ( and rock ) by [ linguists in the mass media
 
 in case you missed it , the following excerpts are taken from the current ( april / may 1992 ) issue of lingua franca , p . 5 we ' ve heard of some unusual career trajectories but our favorite has to be that of robert leonard , who started his professional life as lead singer of the fifties retread group sha na na ( photos show a sullenly handsome guy in saran wrap - tight gold lam ' e and a pompadour like a fallen souffl ' e ) and ended up - - you guessed it - - as a theoretical linguist with a specialization in swahili . . . leonard simply realized he would ' rather be a fifty-year - old linguistics professor than a fifty-year - old rocker ' . "" [ and who of us would dispute that sentiment ? ] the prosaic data : bob leonard 's ph . d . was awarded by columbia u . , thesis title "" the semantic system of deixis in standard swahili "" , and he 's teaching at hofstra u . on long island .
",0
516,"Subject: re : 3 . 403 human subjects
 
 i am not clear about the laws outside the uk but surely the problem with using human subjects speaking is copyright ? unless you have clearance fronm them use of theri words in an y ' published ' form might contravene their rights . certaibly authors of ' authetntic ' , aterr / materials have faced this issue for soime time .
",0
517,"Subject: re : 3 . 399 human subjects
 
 when our graduate seminar in linguistics of asl was preparing to videotape deaf native signers , at berkeley in the late seventies , our "" informed consent "" forms had to specify what uses we might eventually make of the tapes and data and request the subjects ' assent to them . one aspect of that experience bears on the question of adults with low literacy . we all wrote our own forms . one member of the seminar focused on the legal and contractual nature of the document and wrote a very legalese text , in the formal style distinctive of laws and contracts and incorporating many of the obscure and highly formal archaisms often noted therein : - ) . ( example made up from memory : "" . . . whereas the party of the first part may at some future time herein unspecified desire to exhibit such tapes . . . "" ) . another student , keeping in mind the low english skills of many deaf people , wrote a form that tended to short , conversational statements and questions ( "" . . . i may want to show parts of these tapes to other linguists so i can tell them about the things i find out about asl . is that ok with you ? please initial : yes _ _ _ _ or no _ _ _ _ . . . . "" ) the consensus of the group was that the second style was much preferable . it 's perfectly possible to be precise without being complex or obscure , and a document that your subject can't understand runs a great risk of obtaining consent without providing information . i ' m not sure how we handled the issue of subjects unable to understand even a simple - english form , or whether it came up . we may have had a certified interpreter explain it to the prospective subject and discuss it to be sure the subject understood , while videotaping this whole discussion , and having the interpreter start by explaining that we were taping and getting the subject 's consent to that . this tape would then accompany the signed ( = "" signatured "" ) consent form . mark a . mandel dragon systems , inc . : speech recognition : + 1 617 965-5200 320 nevada st . : newton , mass . 02160 , usa
",0
518,"Subject: conference aisb ' 93 call for papers
 
 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = aisb ' 93 conference : announcement and call for papers theme : "" prospects for ai as the general science of intelligence "" 29 march - - 2 april 1993 university of birmingham = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 1 . introduction 2 . invited talks 3 . topic areas for submitted papers 4 . timetable for submitted papers 5 . paper lengths and submission details 6 . call for referees 7 . workshops and tutorials 8 . lagb conference 9 . email , paper mail , phone and fax . 1 . introduction the society for the study of artificial intelligence and the simulation of behaviour ( one of the oldest ai societies ) will hold its ninth bi-annual conference on the dates above at the university of birmingham . the site is manor house , a charming and convivial residential hall close to the university . tutorials and workshops are planned for monday 29th march and the morning of tuesday 30th march , and the main conference will start with lunch on tuesday 30th march and end on friday 2nd april . the programme chair is aaron sloman , and the local arrangements organiser is donald peterson , both assisted by petra hickey . the conference will be "" single track "" as usual , with invited speakers and submitted papers , plus a "" poster session "" to allow larger numbers to report on their work , and the proceedings will be published . the conference will cover the usual topic areas for conferences on ai and cognitive science . however , with the turn of the century approaching , and with computer power no longer a major bottleneck in most ai research ( apart from connectionism ) it seemed appropriate to ask our invited speakers to look forwards rather than backwards , and so the theme of the conference will be "" prospects for ai as the general science of intelligence "" . submitted papers exploring this are also welcome , in addition to the normal technical papers . 2 . invited talks so far the following have agreed to give invited talks : prof david hogg ( leeds ) "" prospects for computer vision "" prof allan ramsay ( dublin ) "" prospects for natural language processing by machine "" prof glyn humphreys ( birmingham ) "" prospects for connectionism - science and engineering "" . prof ian sommerville ( lancaster ) "" prospects for ai in systems design "" titles are provisional . 3 . topic areas for submitted papers papers are invited in any of the normal areas represented at ai and cognitive science conferences , including : ai in design , ai in software engineering teaching ai and cognitive science , analogical and other forms of reasoning applications of ai , automated discovery , control of actions , creativity , distributed intelligence , expert systems , intelligent interfaces intelligent tutoring systems , knowledge representation , learning , methodology , modelling affective processes , music , natural language , naive physics , philosophical foundations , planning , problem solving , robotics , tools for ai , vision , papers on neural nets or genetic algorithms are welcomed , but should be capable of being judged as contributing to one of the other topic areas . papers may either be full papers or descriptions of work to be presented in a poster session . 4 . timetable for submitted papers submission deadline : 1st september 1992 date for notification of acceptances : mid october 1992 date for submission of camera ready final copy : mid december 1992 the conference proceedings will be published . long papers and invited papers will definitely be included . selected poster summaries may be included if there is space . 5 . paper length and submission details full papers : 10 pages maximum , a4 or 8 . 5 "" x11 "" , no smaller than 12 point print size times roman or similar preferred , in letter quality print . poster submissions 5 pages summary excessively long papers will be rejected without being reviewed . all submissions should include 1 . full names and addresses of all authors 2 . electronic mail address if available 3 . topic area 4 . label : "" long paper "" or "" poster summary "" 5 . abstract no longer than 10 lines . 6 . statement certifying that the paper is not being submitted elsewhere for publication . 7 . an undertaking that if the paper is accepted at least one of the authors will attend the conference . three copies are required . 6 . call for referees anyone willing to act as a reviewer during september should write to the programme chair , with a summary cv or indication of status and experience , and preferred topic areas . 7 . workshops and tutorials the first day and a half of the conference are allocated to workshops and tutorials . these will be organised by dr hyacinth s . nwana , and anyone interested in giving a workshop or tutorial should contact him at : department of computer science , university of keele , staffs . st5 5bg . u . k . phone : + 44 782 583413 , or + 44 782 621111 ( x 3413 ) email janet : nwanahs @ uk . ac . keele . cs bitnet : nwanahs % cs . kl . ac . uk @ ukacrl uucp : . . . ! ukc ! kl-cs ! nwanahs other : nwanahs @ cs . keele . ac . uk 8 . lagb conference . shortly before aisb ' 93 , the linguistics association of great britain ( lagb ) will hold its spring meeting at the university of birmingham from 22-24 th march , 1993 . for more information , please contact dr . william edmondson : postal address as below ; phone + 44 - ( 0 ) 21-414 - 4763 ; email edmondsonwh @ vax1 . bham . ac . uk 9 . email , paper mail , phone and fax . email : * aisb93 - prog @ cs . bham . ac . uk ( for communications relating to submission of papers to the programme ) * aisb93 - delegates @ cs . bham . ac . uk ( for information on accommodation , meals , programme etc . as it becomes available - - - enquirers will be placed on a mailing list ) address : aisb ' 93 ( prog ) or aisb ' 93 ( delegates ) , school of computer science , the university of birmingham , edgbaston , birmingham , b15 2tt , u . k . phone : + 44 - ( 0 ) 21-414 - 3711 fax : + 44 - ( 0 ) 21-414 - 4281 donald peterson , april 1992 .
",0
519,"Subject: closing linguistics at soas call for help ! ! !
 
 soas department of phonetics and linguistics to be closed in october 1992 dear colleagues , on tuesday may 19 , dr david bennett , head of our department , was told that we would cease functioning as of october of this year . we are a department of the school of oriental and african studies of the university of london . the members of our department are : dr david bennett prof thea bynon dr wynn chao dr monik charette dr katrina hayward dr richard hayward * dr george hewitt * * dr bruce ingham prof jonathan kaye prof ruth kempson * cross appointed with the africa department * * cross appointed with the near and middle east department our department offers degrees at the ba , ma , mphil and phd level . approximately 60 students , mostly at the postgraduate level are enrolled . many other students , particularly from university college , london ( ucl ) take courses with us . we run an ma - linguistics and an ma - phonetics programme jointly with ucl . we also have an ma in english - arabic applied linguistics and translation together with birbeck college . all these programmes will of course be affected by this decision . the department of phonetics and linguistics is the oldest linguistic department in the u . k . it was the home of the "" london school "" which received worldwide attention under the intellectual leadership of prof jr firth . his chair , which i occupy today , was the first chair of linguistics in the u . k . over the years our graduates have distinguished themselves in many areas of linguistics . later postings will provide a partial list of the more well known soas graduates . it is acknowledged , even by the administration of soas , that we remain a centre of academic excellence in our field . the decision to close the soas linguistics department was made with no consultation , no advanced warning . it was a result of discussions by the governing body of the school , the finance and general purposes committee and the management committee . there is no linguistic representation on any of these bodies . the reasons given for closing the department are : ( 1 ) severe budget cuts ( 2 ) our low number of undergraduate students ( 3 ) the "" general perception "" that our department is not well integrated into the school . it was stated that , among the options considered closing our department would cause the "" least harm "" to the school . no one was present to represent the linguistics side of the story . this decision will be presented to the academic board of the school on wednesday may 27 . the academic board has an advisory role only but we are hoping to mobilise school opinion against this decision . unlike similar cases in other countries , most of the members of our department will not be redeployed elsewhere in the school . recent legislation has virtually destroyed the notion of tenure in the u . k . many of us are facing "" premature retirement "" , "" redundancy "" or some form of "" severance "" agreement . the administration of the school seems to feel that we will easily find jobs and that terminating our employment at the school will cause us no undue hardships . given the administration 's figures for the cost of severing their relation with us , the offers that we are likely to receive from the school will not be very attractive . as of now , no statement has been forthcoming about our future at the school but the director has stated that he will be meeting with us individually next week . we will keep you posted on this aspect . if you would like to do something to try and help us stop the closing of our department , please send ( in order of preference ) a fax or a letter to me at the address and fax number given below . if possible use your institution 's letterhead . please feel free to make comments about our department as a whole or about individual members with whose work or reputation you are familiar . pass this message along to your colleagues and encourage them to write as well . if you feel so inclined , departmental resolutions reflecting your opinion of this event would be quite helpful . i hope to be able to arrive at next wednesday 's meeting with an armful of your letters ( copies of all letters will be sent to our director ) and your support will do a lot to improve our spirits . this will be a long and difficult struggle both for our department and for our jobs and careers . thank you in advance for listening and for your support . jonathan kaye professor of general linguistics department of phonetics & linguistics school of oriental and african studies thornhaugh street , russell square london , wc1h 0xg u . k . e-mail : jk @ ukacrl . earn jk @ uk . ac . rl . ib ( janet ) fax number : ( 44 ) + 71-436 - 3844
",0
520,"Subject: soas ceases all publications and cancels linguistics !
 
 forwarded from indology : date : wed , 20 may 92 14 : 25 : 06 + 0100 reply - to : indology discussion list < indology @ liverpool . ac . uk > sender : owner of indology < qq43 @ liverpool . ac . uk > from : dominik wujastyk < ucgadkw @ ucl . ac . uk > on monday this week the management committee of soas decided to close the soas publications ' department , and also the department of linguistics . later the same day , all staff members connected with these departments were given notice that their contracts would terminate in september 1992 . this means that the bulletin of soas , a pillar of indological publication , will disappear , along with all other book series etc . discussions will be initiated with publishers like blackwells and oup to see if they want to take over bsoas , china forum , etc . but it is hard to see how any publishing company will be able to provide the specialized editorial functions which have until now been supported by soas . the loss of the complete linguistics department is equally horrific . the background to this - - as far as i can gather - - is further cause for alarm . apparently soas has always received an annual special funding supplement because the department of education recognised that oriental and african languages are needed by the nation , but will never get the student numbers of other mainstream subjects . this enabled soas to have a higher staff : student ratio than other colleges of london university . this year , the university funding council ( ufc ) forgot to pay the special funding supplement , leaving soas with a financial shortfall of 650 , 000 pounds this year . but when the clerical error was discovered , the ufc refused to make good the amount , and furthermore decided that it would not reinstate the special funding in the future . soas 's response to this is to save money on the most expensive part of their budget , namely staff salaries . i think indology members will agree that the whole story is incredible for many reasons , but nevertheless it is true . it is hard to avoid the impression of farcical mismanagement by the ufc and a devastatingly inadequate response from soas itself . perhaps there are mitigating facts that have not yet come to light , but if so , they are not known to the staff members at soas who have been sacked , nor to other staff members . letters of protest should be addressed to mr . michael mcwilliam , director , school of oriental and african studies , thornhaugh street , russell square , london wc1h 0xg england . dominik
",0
521,"Subject: closure of famous department of linguistics
 
 we have just heard that the department of linguistics of the school of oriental and african studies in london is threatened with closure . members of the department heard of it this week ; there has been no previous consultation . the school has had its funds cut and decided to cut down on all its publications programme and on its linguistics activities . the department threatened has an illustrious history ; the first ever chair of linguistics in britain was held in soas by firth . at present the members of the department include dr david bennett , prof . theodora bynon , dr wynn chao , dr monik charette , dr katrina haywood , dr dick haywood fba , dr hewitt , dr bruce ingham , prof . jonathan kaye , prof ruth kempson fba , prof . emeritus r . h . robins fba . it is useless to stress how distinguished the department is and how much a school which has primary responsibility for the study of oriental and african languages needs to have a department of linguistics and phonetics . letters of protest should be addressed to the director , school of oriental and african studies , thornhaugh street , russell square , london wc1 , england . it would be useful to send copies to the chairman of the department ( dr d . bennett ) at the same address and to the vice - chancellor of the university of london , senate house , malet street , london wc1 , england . the fax number of soas is44 - 71-436 - 3844 . anna morpurgo davies
",0
522,"Subject: closings of academic depts and layoffs at san diego state
 
 on may 13 , san diego state university , facing a probable 8 . 5 % budget cut from state funding , amounting to about an $ 11 million shortfall , announced major eliminations of , and cuts in , academic programs . these cuts entail layoffs of tenured faculty . due to be shut down , with layoff of all faculty , are the departments of anthropology , german&russian , religious studies , natural sciences ( trains high school science teachers ) , family studies & consumer sciences , aerospace engineering , health sciences , and industrial studies . scheduled for cuts of faculty , of varying scale , in within-dept reverse order of seniority , are the departments of french&italian ( 3 of 11 ) , sociology ( 8 of 27 ) , math ( 8 of 60 or so ) , and chemistry ( 14 of 23 ) . the policy is to cut "" narrowly and deeply . "" although discussion has been going on all year in the senate about the potential for serious funding cuts and ways this university might respond to them , including program cuts , these cuts were announced suddenly , with no prior consultation with the affected departments . official notice to individual faculty members of layoff is scheduled for "" mid - june . "" > from that time laid-off faculty will have 120 days remaining on the payroll . the athletic department is eliminating golf , track and field , and one or two other minor sports , a cut of about $ 200 - $ 250k . the football and basketball programs are untouched ; the baseball program has lost a number of scholarships ( according to this morning 's sports section of the san diego union - tribune ) . at this point there is no word of cuts in administration . cuts in the school of business have apparently been trivial in comparison with those suffered by the college of arts and letters , the college of sciences , and other colleges . some affected faculty are contemplating legal action , and other remedies are being discussed . three administrative moves may have some potential for reversing the layoffs : cutting ( or eliminating ) intercollegiate athletics , instituting a golden handshake program , and instituting a university-wide salary reduction of up to 10 % . although the union is currently negotiating a golden handshake program , we do n't know how far along the negotiations are and whether it will be possible to put it in place quickly enough to have an effect on the current crisis . there are legal and adminstrative problems with the salary cut . we do n't know whether they ' re surmountable or not . the whole california state university system - - 20 campuses , including the new one at san marcos in northern san diego county - - face the same funding shortfall , but apparently ( we have at this point hardly any information ) campus responses vary a good deal . we ask that you consider writing to pres . thomas b . day , san diego state university , san diego , ca 92182 , expressing outrage at this unprecedented frontal assault on tenure and the centrality of academics to the university . if the attack is allowed to stand , the consequences for higher education within california and everywhere are incalculable . more importantly , we ask that you write to california state legislators and state senators . we will provide names and addresses if you contact us . we would be grateful for copies of any correspondence sent in connection with this crisis . we are sending this information out now , incomplete though it is , in order that linguists may be informed as early as possible in this developing crisis . jeff kaplan charlotte webb ( chair , linguistics and oriental languages dept )
",0
523,"Subject: what language is this ?
 
 the toronto police have contacted our department for help in identifying the language of the label on a ball of wool in the purse of an elderly woman accused of shoplifting . she does not speak english and the police wish to obtain an interpreter for her . the following was dictate to me over the telephone ( so may not be 100 % accurate ) : ata lucru de myna din bumbac cardat . . . . please send replies directly to me . there is some urgency in this , as the woman is being held until they can question her . ron smyth smyth @ lake . scar . utoronto . ca
",0
524,"Subject: e-mail address
 
 does anyone have , or know how i can get , an e-mail address for barney pell ( last seen working on ai at cambridge ) ? thanks !
",0
525,"Subject: chomsky ' 92 article
 
 i was about to send the following request to martin haspelmath ( the author of the quoted lines below ) , but on second thought i decided that asking someone in germany where i could get a copy of an unpublished paper by an american scholar was a little odd . so can someone nearby help me ? martin wrote : > . . . and his 1992 paper "" a minimalist program for > linguistic theory "" , which does n't look as if it was > intended for wider circulation , must be around in > thousands of copies by now . i ' ll bite , where can i get a copy ? thanks !
",0
526,"Subject: oulipo
 
 i am looking for information on oulipo , an experimental language group which flourished in the ' 60s in paris . members have included r . queneau , h . matthews , i calvino , and g . perec . the group applied mathematical methods to writing literature . there is scant information available in english , and a small amount in french . i am particularly interested in whether their ideas have been embodied in software or literaty theory . thank you michael sikillian annotext
",0
527,"Subject: relative markers over time
 
 i am working on the history of relative markers in the spoken language from 1500 onwards , in british and american english . although there are plenty of studies of written data , i ' m having trouble finding diachronic studies of spoken data ( trial transcripts , etc . ) . i ' m particularly interested in the development of the standard & non-standard variants for personal subject restrictive relatives : who , what , which , zero , that , at , as ( as in ' i know a chap as ' ll do it for you ' ) . any references will be greatly appreciated , including quantitative synchronic studies of non-standard varieties . thanks !
",0
528,"Subject: acquisition of reflexive verbs
 
 this is an enquiry on behalf of an ma student . can anyone provide me with references concerning the acquisition of reflexive verbs in either english or french ? the student herself is bilingual , so publications in either language will be useful . all suggestions gratefully received . sue blackwell school of english , university of birmingham , u . k .
",0
529,"Subject: on becoming a linguist
 
 i too have a theory on why linguistics attracted many of us . as a field it ranges from the humanities to the hard sciences , with the majority of its subdisciplines falling into the general area of social sciences . i have spoken with many linguists who started their scholarly lives as scientists ( chem - istry , physics . . . ) and wanted something which seemed more like a humanities discipline ( often in the more european sense of ` sciences humaines ' , disciplines which deal with people ) , while many others ( including myself ) started in foreign languages and literatures and found we wanted something more scientific than literary analysis . i think the second-language learning component of it is important , as suggested in a posting i read today , but not always because of * difficulty * with learning a language ; but rather a desire to keep working with language in some form without doing literature . on a personal note , i can clearly remember my relief , as an undergraduate , to discover linguistics through a comparative romance course . it meant that majoring in french made sense even if sartre did n't ! margaret
",0
530,"Subject: syntax textbooks - - a summary
 
 about a week ago , i asked readers to share experiences with the cowper and haegeman syntax textbooks . here 's what they said . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = here 's a summary of responses about syntax textbooks : it was clear from the responses that cowper 's book is a bit too new to have been used by many people . i got one favorable evaluation from a respondant who had read the text in manuscript , but i did not hear from anyone who has used it in a class so far . responses on haegeman 's textbook were mixed . i have excerpted / paraphrased comments below . there were five generally positive evaluations : "" . . . better than most texts . . well-received by the students , but it is full of annoying mistakes and misprints "" "" . . . quite happy with it . . . there were no complaints from the students "" "" . . . it was harder than radford , but most students preferred haegeman to radford , which they found long-winded , condescending , or just plain moronic "" "" . . . students found it lucid , funny , and well-organized "" "" . . . relatively happy with it . . . generally understandable and well - organized . criticisms : tends to introduce theoretical concepts first and the justification for them later . . . "" and three mostly negative evaluations : "" . . . tended to digress . . . chooses to focus on unclear examples , e . g . the theta-criterion and implicit arguments early on in the book ; . . . case-marking is frequently exemplified with ecm verbs , which the students found unconvinc - ing "" "" students unanimously despised it . . . incredibly unclear . . . poorly organized . . . i recommend against it . "" "" . . . on the positive side , it is well-organized and has good references . on the negative side , there is poor argumentation and data that does n't support the claims made in the text . . . there is also no mention of any non - gb syntax . . . . i found it useful for teaching students how to identify poor argumentation . "" as a generalization , it seemed that gb practictioners tended to be significantly happier with the book than others . ( there were also votes for lasnik and uriagereka 's * a course in gb syntax * and for chomsky 's * managua lectures * . ) thanks to all who wrote .
",0
531,"Subject: 3 . 417 citations
 
 i can't resist putting in my tuppence worth on chomsky 's citation record . here are my very informal observations of how he is treated by non ( theoretical ) linguists . ( 1 ) mathematical theory of formal languages . chomsky still gets cited almost automatically for his pioneering work on hierarchies of languages . ( 2 ) philosophy of language . c gets cited a lot for his nativist claims : his arguments are usually rejected . fodor 's much more radical nativism gets even more attention and even more rejection . c also gets cited a lot in discussions of wittgenstein , usually as an example of the sort of narrow formalist , rule-based view a language that wittgenstein consistently argued against . ( 3 ) psychology . c has frequently claimed that what he is doing is scientific psychology , but this has failed to impress psychologists . the competence / performance distinction , the autonomous language faculty assumption and the concern with ug all put c 's theoretical constructs beyond the ken of most experimental or empirical psychologists . ( 4 ) biology . it would interesting to know if * any * evolutionary biologists have taken up c 's views or tried to explain how they could be investigated . again , his views often get mentioned in general introductions . . . but only to be rejected . ( 5 ) cognitive science . as gardner showed in "" the mind 's new science "" , c was a source of inspiration . consequently he is cited very frequently in cognitive science literature . again , however , it is his formal , comptuational approach - not his genuinely linguistic work - that are referred to . so , although c is viewed as a founder of cognitive science , his current theory of grammar has had no real impact on the field . in general , it seems that most people outside of linguistics know of chomsky as he appears in "" aspects "" and in the non-technical parts of "" knowledge of language "" . it 's surely a safe bet that almost no non-linguist followed him into "" government and binding "" . - philip swann
",0
532,"Subject: chomsky citations and mandeville 's paradox
 
 in his ' fable of the bees : or , private vices , public benefits ' ( 1732 ) , bernard de mandeville argued that the wealth of a nation results from private vices of the citizens . this is mandeville 's paradox : intentional actions of individuals may bring about social phenomena intended by no one . part of the persistent chomsky - boom exemplifies mandeville 's paradox : a great deal of people citing chomsky do so in order to show that he 's wrong - - and , with the implication that he does n't deserve being cited so frequently ! ( i owe mandeville 's paradox to rudi keller ( 1990 ) sprachwandel . francke verlag : tuebingen . ) martti nyman department of general linguistics , university of helsinki , finland
",0
533,"Subject: re : 3 . 413 citations
 
 hm ! linguists agree with oscar wilde : the only thing worse than being talked about is not being talked about . ; - )
",0
534,"Subject: zellig s . harris
 
 zellig s . harris died in his sleep at his home in new york on friday , may 22 , 1992 , at the age of 82 .
",0
535,"Subject: re : 3 . 427 innateness
 
 time for me to leap to the other side of the fence for a change . innateness does have a significance for linguistic theory itselt , if only in that the limitations of our inate abilities , mathematical , linguistic or what have you , limit the types of linguistic theories which can be plausibly constructed . processing of grammatical structures in real time is one example . of course , we know almost nothing about the capacity of human beings in this regard , which is slightly more or less than we know about universals of language , if any . < grin > . still , to the extent we have or can acquire information about our inate capacity for language ( assuming it to exist ) , it can help direct our energies in the proper direction . of course before we start talking about the limits of this capacity , we ought to have a clear picture of what sorts of linguistic phenomena are involved in spoken language , but that is the dreaded descriptivism again . . . eric schiller , department of linguistics , univ . of chicago
",0
536,"Subject: re : 3 . 427 innateness
 
 joe stemberger writes : > i ' ve never understood why it makes any difference at all to linguistic > theory whether highly language-specific information is innate or not . > [ . . . ] > innateness is usually used as a explanation for universals , or for > constraints on variation ( parameters ) . but it has always seemed to me that > what is important is that something is universal or that variation is > limited to a few options . what possible difference to linguistic theory > could it make whether the observed patterns are due to language-specific > innateness , or due to some more general feature of cognitive processing , or > ( for that matter ) due to guidance from guardian angels or aliens from > another dimension . the observed > patterns are real under any explanation of where they come from , and > languages seem to abide by them . we can still rule out some potential > explanations because they might violate a universal , and still provide > explanations where two phenomena are linked because they are due to the > same parameter . > > so , why all this stuff about innateness ? i ' ve never understood why we care . > [ . . . ] > > does innateness buy us anything for linguistic theory itself ? innateness is a * conclusion * from linguistics , not a premise . if one looks on it as a premise , one indeed gets into a logico / scientific muddle like the one you outline . but since it a conclusion , not a premise , linguistic theory buys us innateness , not the other way around . we care because its an interesting conclusion , and because the more one learns about how language works in the child and adult , the more it looks like the only plausible conclusion ( at least to me ) . it gives neurophysiology / genetics some work to do , work which is beginning to get done . in this respect it is superior to an appeal to guardian angels and aliens , although in some other century , past or future , this judgment might be different . furthermore , language-specificity looks more plausible than a "" general feature of cognitive processing "" , for reasons that were hashed out during the flamefest on modularity early in the life of linguist . however , a negative can never be proved . thus , reduction to general cognitive principles of the ecp , the ocp , or categorial perception of point of articulation for stop consonants in neonates remains a possibility . and once again , we are dealing with a conclusion , not a premise . - david pesetsky
",0
537,"Subject: innateness
 
 i should n't get involved , but here goes : joe stemberger < stemberger % ellvax @ vx . acs . umn . edu > writes > > one last statement implicit in much work in linguistics : "" i have no theory > of genetics , ontogeny , or evolutionary biology , but i ' m sure that if i did , > modern linguistic assumptions about innateness would fit in real well . "" i do n't have my copy of "" the origin of species "" here , so i can't give a real quote , but the above lines remind me forcefully of a problem early evolutionary biologists faced , one which darwin was painfully aware of . darwin had no "" theory of genetics , "" and in fact the then current ideas of genetics made precisely the wrong predictions for evolution . ( it was thought that a new trait would simply be blended in with already existing traits , instead of remaining a discreet inheritable trait . ) it was n't until mendel 's work on heredity was rediscovered ( in the 1930 's , if i recall correctly ) that the theory of evolution had a way of explaining why newly developed traits were not lost in a population like a single water drop would be lost in the ocean . the history of science is full of new theories that appear to have fatal flaws , but the theories are accepted anyway , in faith that an explanation will turn up later . ( another example is the idea that the planets revolve around the sun in space , rather than being attached to crystal spheres that rotate around the earth . what on earth : - ) holds them in their orbits ? ) stemberger also writes : > i ' ve never understood why it makes any difference at all to linguistic > theory whether highly language-specific information is innate or not . > > yes , it makes a lot of difference for e . g . language acquisition , but that 's > beyond the scope of what most linguists do . it 's not considered essential > to study the acquisition of warlpiri before you study the adult grammar , > most linguists study only adult grammar , and the main principles of grammar > have come from studies of adult grammar . it makes no difference if you ' re simply writing grammars that attempt to be descriptively adequate ( in the sense of "" descriptive adequacy "" that chomsky writes about in aspects ) . but it 's not clear to me that that is really a theory of anything . if , on the other hand , you want an explanatorily adequate theory of linguistics , you need to worry about how the learner comes up with the right rules . after all , no linguist , even the most brilliant , has ever come up with a descriptively adequate grammar of any language ; whereas every child ( down to some limit at the level of retarded children , i guess ) comes up with a way of producing and understanding his / her language in a descriptively adequate way . regardless of what you believe as to whether the child produces a descriptively adequate grammar , there is a great mystery here . if linguists have n't studied child acquisition ( they have , but stemberger is using a slight hyperbole here ) , it 's simply because they have made a decision about how to investigate the problem , not because they do n't thing that 's the real problem . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * mike maxwell phone : ( 704 ) 843-6369 jaars internet : maxwell @ jaars . sil . org box 248 waxhaw , nc 28173
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538,"Subject: re : 3 . 429 how did we end up linguists ?
 
 becoming a linguist - - i am sure there are as many reasons as there are linguists or more . me ? 17 years after my ba , tired of being a diletant and having felt betrayed by the revolution and also guilty about giving the president of my son 's pta a headache every time i raised my hand ( or so it was reported to me ) i decided i really wanted to go back to school but did n't want to do more economics ( my ba ) and one evening at dinner in san francisco at a friends where i met harvey pitkin who was working on wintu ( and his phd at berkeley ) i moaned that i did n't know what i wanted to be when i grew up and he said you should be a linguist and i said i could n't even speak english and he said that does n't matter if i liked to do cross word puzzles and made up secret languages when i wa was a little girl and then he talked about phonemes and morphemes and american indian languages and we finished a bottle of brandy and i decided , why not ? so i applied to the linguistic dept at ucla and was sure they would reject me not knowing any linguistics and having only a 's and f 's on my undergraduate transcript and low and behold they said yes which i am sure was a mistake but that was 1961 and in 1962 i entered th graduate program and in 1965 got a phd and will be eternally grateful to harvey and brandy and ucla and all this is to show how there is no longest sentence . vicki fromkin
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539,"Subject: re : 3 . 421 linguists , human subjects
 
 i had the same reaction as martin volk to michael kac 's idea that linguists become linguists because they ' re superior language learners . my gut reaction was that it must be wrong , that we become linguists because we have a hard time learning language , that effortless polyglots pay no conscious attention at all to grammar or any other systems of rules . i was about to offer myself as an example when i realized that i _ am _ a pretty good language learner , but i ' ve always found the process frustrating . i hated learning languages because it seemed so dreary and inefficient until i discovered some shortcuts , namely syntax , phonology , morphology , etc . if my case is at all generalizable , then ( happily ) messrs volk and kac are both right - - we become linguists because we have some skill at language learning , but we are also the rational sort that thinks there must be a better , more efficient way to go about it ( and therefore perceive ourselves as having "" trouble "" with it ) . am i weird , or did it happen this way for other people ? let 's hear more . mark hansell asian lang . & lit . carleton college northfield , mn usa
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540,"Subject: becoming a linguist
 
 i support gilbert 's thesis . to be sure , one stimulus was growing up on a university campus where there were lots of foreign-born faculty , so one heard and saw a lot of different languages in people 's houses , bookcases , and refrigerators ( like the pickle jar i once saw labelled in polish ) . but another was certainly the movie the day the earth stood still , where michael rennie , playing klaatu , has to communicate with the robot gort in his home language and , indeed , where patricia neal , playing mrs . benson , has to memorize a sentence in that language and repeat it to gort to save the world toward the film 's end . a third stimulus was majoring in a science in college ( chemistry ) which had a strong focus on concepts of "" structure "" . finally , one had to actually discover linguistics , which was n't the kind of thing one heard about in college before the 60s . it was nice one could do something with language ( s ) without having to be exclusively historically oriented and without having to worry about , say , the kind of apple hurled into the thorax of gregor samsa ( now class , on the basis of textual evidence , was it a golden delicious or not ? or did the apple represent the disapproval of franz the k 's dad ? ? ? ? ? )
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541,"Subject: re : 3 . 429 how did we end up linguists ?
 
 i have to admit that i ' m leery of complex arguments and self - psychoanalysis that try to explain why one becomes a linguist . is it at all possible that people become linguists simply because they ' re fascinated by language ? as the old saying goes : "" there 's no accounting for taste "" . regards , rick - - * = * = disclaimer : the inel does not speak for me and vice versa = * = * = rick morneau idaho national engineering laboratory = * mnu @ inel . gov idaho falls , idaho 83415 , usa * = * = * = * = * = * = * = * = * = * = * = next mail accepted here ! * = * = * = * = * = * = * = * = * = * =
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542,"Subject: 3 . 429 how did we end up linguists ?
 
 i ' ll put myself in the foot-in - the-humanities & foot-in - the-sciences camp . i remember , from my senior year of high school , doing the dishes with my father ( a sci-fi fan and long-time reader of ' scientific american ' ) and having a discussion about what i would study in college . i told him i liked english but mostly grammar , not lit-crit , and i tested well in math . he said , "" sounds like linguistics to me . "" and , right he was ! and the half&half story still holds : now here i am , remaking myself ( again ) in private industry , from a humanities specialist ( that 's how i got hired into ibm ) to a multimedia researcher in a computer science group and now to a usability engineer . when i pinch myself , it 's still me . nancy frishberg ( nancyf @ watson . ibm . com )
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543,"Subject: re : 3 . 420 fyi : morphology , concordance
 
 many thanks to henry churchyard for the speech error . any others sent either directly to me ( iyo1vaf @ uclamvs ) would be much appreciated . please give target ( if you know it ) , error , who said it , under what circumstances , ( e . g . on radio , tv , seminar , personal talk , lecture etc ) , who heard it . we do hope to have a data bank of errors available some time in the future . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - on ipa fonts . have just installed atech software ipipa fonts to use with wordstar and with word for windows and they are terrific ! one has to first get the atech stoftware powerpak font package which costs $ 59 or something and ipa is additional $ 89 i think but if you can spare the money or get someone to fund the purchase it works like a dream . vicki fromkin
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544,"Subject: human sense disambiguation correction
 
 oh dear , first of all i send a summary very late and then i discover the summary has an error . the second reference should ' ve read . . . g . a . miller ( 1954 ) "" communication "" annual review of psychology , vol . 5 , pages 401-420 sorry . + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | mail : mark sanderson , department of computing science , | | the university , glasgow g12 8qq , scotland , uk . | + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | e - mail : sanderso @ dcs . glasgow . ac . uk | | tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 41 339 8855 x6292 < - - - - * * * new number * * * | | fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 41 330 4913 | + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | "" i ' m gonna get you in my tent tent tent tent tent | | so we can both experiment ment ment ment ment "" | + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
",0
545,"Subject: goettingen summer school : language development
 
 the german linguistics society ( dgfs ) is offering a summer school on language development ( language change and acquisition ) goettingen , 31 august - 14 september 1992 courses : roger lass ( capetown ) : phonological change elizabeth c . traugott ( stanford ) : grammaticalization raimo anttila ( ucla ) : semiotic foundation of linguistic change ans van kemenade ( amsterdam ) : generative approaches to language change suzanne romaine ( oxford ) : pidgin and creole languages ruth berman ( tel aviv ) form and function in first language development melissa ~ ? bwerman / ~ ? ( mpi nijmegen ) & dan slobin ( berkeley ) : cross - linguistic perspectives on language development bbrigitte nerlich ( nottingham ) : theories of language origins ( in german ) wolfgang u . wurzel ( berlin ) : natural grammatical change ( in german ) hartmut schmidt ( berlin ) : german language history ( in german ) kklaus mattheier ( heidelber } g ) : historical sociolinguistics of german ( in germa ) dieter stein ( duesseldorf ) : internal and external factors of language change rosemarie tracy ( tuebingen ) : theories of syntactic change ( in german ) harald clahsen ( duesseldorf ) : acquisition of grammar ( in german ) wolfgang klein ( mpi nijmegen ) second language acquisition ( in german ) ~ ? ino addition , there will be two lecture series . tuition : for students : dm 240 . 00 for university affiliates : dm 480 . 00 for others dm 960 . 00 for more information , contact : hero janssen department of english university of goettingen humboldtallee 13 d-3400 goettingen , feder ~ ? al rrpu } blic of g . tel . + 49-551 - 397575 , - 397546 fax : + 49-551 - 397685
",0
546,"Subject: 2 jobs : new zealand
 
 university of otago , new zealand : department of english lectureship / senior lectureship in english ( linguistics ) applications are invited for a linguist of broad general competence with a part icular interest in one or more of the following fields : ( a ) sociolinguistics , ( b ) semantics , ( c ) pragmatics . the successful applicant will be expected to teac h at first-year level in an applied fashion , and to contribute to courses in li nguistics in his or her speciality at advanced levels . candidates should have a completed phd and teaching experience , and in addition to their teaching duties will be expected to pursue , stimulate , and supervise research in their field ( s ) of expertise . the current salary range is nz $ 37 , 440 - $ 49 , 088 pa with a bar at nz $ 45 , 448 ( lecur ers ) , and nz $ 52 , 000 - $ 67 , 080 pa with a bar at nz $ 60 , 944 ( senior lecturers ) . ( nz $ 1 = us $ 0 . 54 ) . the position is available from 1 september 1992 , and it is hoped that the succe ssful applicant can assume duties as close as possible to that date . further information and method of application are available from : the registrar university of otago po box 56 dunedin new zealand fax : 64 - 3-474 - 1607 quote reference number : a92 / 23 closing date for applications : 30 june 1992 . 2 ) lectureship / senior lectureship in english ( rhetoric and composition ) applications are invited for a lectureship / senior lectureship in the field of r hetoric / composition , or a related field . applicants should also have expertise in a second field relating toenglish language or literature in english , such as literary stylistics , the history of the language , or american literature . the successful applicant will be expected to teach at first-year level in an ap plied fashion , and also to contribute to courses in his or her speciality in an applied fashion at advanced levels . candidates should have a completed phd and teaching experience , and in addition to their teaching duties will be expected to pursue , stimulate , and supervise r esearch in their field ( s ) or expertise . the current salary range is nz $ 37 , 440 - $ 49 , 088 pa with a bar at nz $ 45 , 448 ( lectu rers ) , and nz $ 52 , 000 - $ 67 , 080 pa with a bar at nz $ 60 , 944 . ( ( nz $ 1 = us $ 0 . 54 ) . the position is available from 1 september 1992 , and it is hoped that the succe ssful applicant can assume duties as close as possible to that date . applications quoting reference number a92 / 24 close on 30 june 1992 : the registrar university of otago po box 56 dunedin new zealand equal opportunity in employment is university policy .
",0
547,"Subject: zellig harris
 
 last thursday night , may 21 , zellig harris died in his sleep after a pleasant working day . he was 88 years old . he was born in 1904 in byelorussia . i am told that he chose the name zellig sabbettai when his family immigrated to the united states when he was four . i like to think that the semantics of happiness and steadfastness were on his mind . certainly they were keynotes of his life . i would guess that his parents chose the name harris . when he died , he was just finishing a book on politics that he had been planning for most of his life . with the 1992 publication of his book _ a theory of language and information _ ( oxford ) , he had wrapped up his life 's work on language , at least for the time being . he seems to have felt at liberty to take up this other unfinished business . i understand from paul mattick , jr . , who was harris 's friend and neighbor for many years in new york , that this last book describes how to get from capitalism to socialism . this is surely not a conventional take on either capitalism or socialism , harris was an anarchist . oxford was interested in publishing it , and he had also talked with cambridge . there is no memorial planned , beyond something very private for his family . however , there is some discussion beginning of a public meeting with scientific content . i would hope that the festschrift that haj ross called for in the lsa meetings some years ago might at last come into being . harris described himself as a methodologist rather than a linguist . this could be misleading . he always said that his work was not part of linguistics as it is institutionally defined , and that linguists would not be interested in his work , though people interested in language would be . nonetheless , he was surely a linguist by most of the operational definitions one might come up with . he had done extensive fieldwork on a variety of language . when he was doing the final revision of the 1992 oxford book , he undertook to test the theory of language against every language of which he had some control , 44 languages . he spent months reading grammars from morning to night , and evaluating whether his theory had a reasonable account for what he found there . he was clear that no scientific conclusions were warranted , and so no particular notice of this check is given in the book , but he wanted to feel reasonably secure that his conclusions were not idiosyncratic to english , french , german , korean , and the few other languages that had been the primary bases for their development . he was pleased with the results . his contributions to the field were numerous and weighty . he founded the first linguistics department in the u . s . he introduced the algebraic representations and abstract mathematical treatment which have become so much norms of the field that it is difficult now to appreciate how much he did so over the kicking and screaming protests of his peers . he invented x - bar notation for immediate constituent analysis , though of course not by that name , to cope with the well known weakness of ic analysis with the head-of relation . he developed ways to accomodate discontinuous morphemes into grammatical analysis . he charted a way out of difficulties experienced by bloch and others in phonology , by saying that contrast rather than phonetic identity is the basis for setting up phonemes , a ghost that has risen to haunt generative phonology more than once . he invented string analysis as a complement ( not rival ) to immediate constituent analysis . their complementarity with respect to the head-of problem is the basis of joshi 's tree - adjoining grammars ( tags ) . he invented transformational analysis in context of developing discourse analysis to get at the information content of texts . other contributions await recognition and exploitation in the field of linguistics as institutionalized today , and in other fields . obvious examples include sublanguage analysis and sublanguage grammar , operator grammar based on word dependency , discourse analysis for information content , and his theory of information as an account of a central aspect of semantics . for example , string grammar and its natural extension into transformational grammar is the basis of the very successful work of naomi sager and others at nyu in information formatting of sublanguage texts , applied there mainly to medical informatics . stephen johnson has implemented a system for representing the information content of texts , based on operator grammar . successes of this sort are little noticed within linguistics . it is characteristic of harris that there was no vanity or self importance in him . he knew that his work was of lasting importance , and treated it as such , but he was no guru or empire builder seeking followers , and would not accept any such role being projected onto him . those students who sought entree to linguistics as a social institution in academia were bound to be disappointed . however , he could scarcely be blamed for their disappointment . he did not provide such entree , nor did he pretend to , and in my hearing actively discouraged students who imagined work with him would further their ambitions in the field . once , in my role as ta for john fought , i prepared a lecture on harris 's approach to syntax and semantics . as we were setting out for the lecture hall , we encountered harris , and i blurted out "" i ' m about to give a lecture on your theory to john 's class . "" ( john , with characteristic wry humor , asked if he wanted to take anything back . ) harris bemusedly questioned whether anyone would be interested in what he was doing . nonetheless , when he gave a public lecture on "" the two structures of language : report and paraphrase "" in 1969 or 1970 , the large auditorium ( i think it was in the furness building ) was filled to capacity , and the critique by john corcoran , published later in the volume _ transformationelle analyse _ edited by senta ploetz , was also well attended . broad attendance on and acclaim for his work could easily have been his , had he chosen it . that is simply not where his ambitions lay . a clue as to the basis of this choice against fame and influence may perhaps be found in his advice to a student starting out in his first teaching position , many years ago . do n't invite anybody over for dinner , he said , and do n't accept any invitations . if you get involved in the social life of an academic , you won't be able to get any work done . the work came first . harris was always an intensely loyal man to his friends and family . the consequences , when combined with his laissez-faire anarchism , were not always happy . his friend and close colleague of many years , henry hiz , was much more concerned with building a formal linguistics program as an institution . the disparity of character could be devastating to students . i studied with harris from 1966 through 1970 . i was an undergraduate much of that time , but that did not matter to him . he had a sink-or - swim approach like that attributed to sapir ( darnell 1990 ) , except that his seminars were of course focussed on theory rather than the data of , say , athabaskan . he would come in to his seminar and just start talking about what he was working on . when i started with him , this was the work that resulted in his 1968 book , _ mathematical structures of language _ ( wiley ) . the process was not a lecture or monologue , but a continuing conversation with his students , trying out alternatives , posing and working out problems for a mathematical characterization of language . after a while , with intensive reading outside , one began to catch on and to participate . i recall telling him at the end of one seminar meeting in my first year that i would try to disprove his theory . this troubled him not a bit . i worked up a problem in modern greek that i thought might be troublesome for his approach . ( i had lived in greece for a couple of years , and spoke the language , but i worked with an informant for this project . ) when my results turned out actually to corroborate the point i had intended to challenge , he merely thanked me for the data on greek . a year or two later , i had come up with a proposal to analyze definitions in a dictionary to extract semantic primitives by a form of componential analysis , much as martha evens and now others have done . although the notion of semantic features seems inimical in concept and method to his work , he said ( and this is an exact quote ) "" others have tried this and have failed , but you are welcome to try . "" i offer this in refutation of the sometimes heard view that harris was dictatorial . i ran into conflicts in such matters with hiz , never with harris . i have also heard it asked why he never retorted to attacks on his work . i think it did not matter to him . he did not expect his methods and results to be understood and taken up by everyone in the field of linguistics . maybe his attitude differed in the 1940s , when he wrote the structural restatements and the manuscript eventually published as _ methods in structural linguistics _ . ( btw , the title was to have said "" descriptive "" but the publisher substituted the buzzword "" structural . "" i recall him saying , amusedly , "" i do n't remember whether they asked me or not . "" ) maybe his expectations of the field changed after some of chomsky 's followers began making him out to be the bad guy . i do n't think so , based on his writings and on the testimony of some who were his students then . i never heard him comment on the commonplace attribution to chomsky of the discovery of transformational grammar and the "" transformational revolution . "" there is a passage in _ the state of the art _ ( 1968 ) in which hockett attributes to harris "" nothing , or a long silence , after 1957 , "" showing ignorance not only of things like string analysis , for which he might be excused , but even ignoring the 1965 paper transformational theory prominently published in _ language _ . i showed this passage to harris , and he shrugged . it did not matter . in particular , i never saw any evidence that harris opposed or blocked chomsky 's ambitions . in my experience it would have been entirely out of character for him . for example , it was harris who proposed chomsky to speak in his stead to the 1962 international congress . a similar canard regarding bernard bloch has recently been laid to rest in an editorial in language . one must i think be alert to the social psychology that leads some people to rewrite history so that their avatar is depicted as an embattled hero . now , an old indian friend once told me that one cannot point a finger without having three other fingers of the same hand pointing back , so i hasten to add that this is not the picture i intend to paint here of harris . he accomplished what he intended to quite well , thank you very much , and seems to have been quite happy in the process . the point is precisely that he seemed in no way embattled by attacks and uncomprehending misconstruals of his work . and uncomprehending misconstruals abound . frawley 's review of _ a grammar of english on mathematical principles _ ( gemp ) is a good example . he identifies harris 's operator grammar with predicate calculus , though harris is at pains to delineate critical differences between language ( a fortiori operator grammar ) and language-like mathematical systems , including predicate calculus . frawley can see in this comprehensive grammar only an attempt to do 1960s generative grammar in 1980 , because he is unable to step out of the generativist paradigm so as to understand harris 's work on its own terms . another review ( eric wheeler , 1984 in _ computers in the humanities _ ) asserted that harris 's grammar was unable to account for certain familiar semantic problems - - middle voice , the semantics of find vs . seek , and quantifier scope in examples like "" someone was opposed by everyone . "" in my review ( _ computational linguistics _ in 1984 ) i showed how harris did in fact account of each of these problems in the book . michael kac , in his review of harris 's selected writings , asked "" why bother ? "" and indeed , from within the generativist paradigm that must be the only plausible question . it is only in setting aside paradigmatic blinkers that one can see , having these writings in one place , how consistent and self coherent harris 's program has been over the years . transformational grammar was not a revolutionary break but part of a continuous evolution . i will mention only one other misconception about harris 's work , not because it is in any way fundamental but because it is so commonplace . i probably will be greeted with disbelief when i say that discovery procedures were not his aim . ( jim mccawley 's witticism about harris and discovery procedures in the collection traditionally circulated in may really reverses the roles of the teller and the butt of the joke . ) it is not hard to see how linguists have come to this mistaken belief . discovery procedures are an abiding fixture for linguistics as institutionally defined . when _ methods _ was published , linguists sought an aid to fieldwork and writing of linguistic descriptions . now , discovery procedures are institutionalized as a whipping boy . this has colored perceptions of harris 's intentions and results . for harris , it was certainly of interest and value when redundancy on one level of linguistic representation could be used in a practical way to determine boundaries of objects on the next , but this was a corroborative byproduct , not an aim . the "" constructional procedure "" described in the 1955 paper from phoneme to morpheme was implemented in fortran in the early 1960s and proven to work , and ralph grishman has had some preliminary success in implementing programs to discover word classes and rules of sublanguage grammar from sublanguage texts . but in general harris did not think that discovery procedures were feasible . in particular , he told me he thought that grammatical analysis could not be done solely with a corpus or by asking informants , one had to control the language oneself . and then one had to work over the data to tease out pattern and wrestle it into coherent form , a lengthy and demanding process , as probably most of us know from experience . so much for the popularized image of feeding in a corpus , turning a crank , and having a grammar reel out the other end . in the introduction to _ methods in structural linguistics _ , harris states clearly that these methods are not discovery procedures . he accepts that one uses many means to come up with proposals for describing what is going on in a language - - hunches , guesses , heuristic rules of thumb , typological generalizations , proposed universals , comparison with related languages or earlier stages of the language , and so on , more art than science ( or rather , more art than engineering ) . harris was acutely aware of the danger of swamping one 's control of the language by growing familiarity with marginal examples . language is after all a social institution , continuously in change as it is constantly recreated in the crucible of use . the aim of the methods was not to substitute for these informal ways of coming up with possible analyses , but to verify , for any given result , whether the result had a valid relation to the data of the language . of those who have actually read the book , how many have said ( and some have in fact said to me ) "" he did n't really mean that . "" but if nothing else , harris was always careful to say exactly what he meant . this concern for verification arises out of a deeper concern which becomes more explicit in harris 's later work . this is a critical point for linguistics . for any other science , there is a standpoint external to the science domain for its metascience . in particular , practitioners in physics , chemistry , even in mathematics , rely on the "" background vernacular "" of language to ensure communication about shared meanings and ultimately to validate the relation of conclusions , however reached , to the observations on which they are based . not so for a science of language . harris recognized and accepted that there is no vantage point outside of language from which to describe language . and , observably , each language contains its own metalanguage . i ' ll repeat that , because it is i think a key to understanding what harris was about , and because it is easy to overlook its importance . there is no vantage point outside of language from which to describe language . by contrast , generativist theory postulates a universal metalanguage , external to language , that is part of one 's biological endowment . ( i personally do not find this biologicist , neophrenologist doctrine of mental organs credible , but the issue rests not on opinion but on facts yet to be determined . ) this stance seems to me perfectly consonant with the argument made by stephen anderson in "" why phonology is n't natural . "" one cannot derive linguistic structure from the findings of some study bearing a metascience relation to linguistics . harris was interested in how language can carry or transmit information , and this is the thread that underlies the really remarkable consistency in his work over more than 50 years . intuitively , we know that differences in form correlate with differences in meaning , but the correlation is messy and inconsistent in the observed data of language ( say , in a body of writings or of phonemic transcriptions , including whatever utterances the investigator may come up with in the ad hoc search for examples ) . what harris found was how this messy , inconsistent stream of words can be the product of two concurrent systems : a system of word dependencies that correlates with perceptions in a subject-matter domain such as a science subfield , and a system of reductions that changes word shapes ( often to zero ) , motivated in part by issues of redundancy and efficiency and in part by historically contingent social convention . the reductions introduce degeneracies such as ambiguity and paraphrase , and otherwise obscure the correlation of form with meaning , but without destroying that correlation . given that structure ( differences of form ) correlates with meaning , it is of critical importance that the machinery of description not import any structure extraneous to that found in language . harris 's endeavor was always , then , to determine a "" least grammar , "" a description that required an absolute minimum of primitive objects and relations . any additional objects or relations in the description introduce extrinsic structure that obscures the informational structure in language . this could be the basis for a telling critique of various other theories of language . harris chose not to make such a critique . when i asked him once about certain aspects of generativist theory , he would only comment , with evidence of mild amusement , that it did seem to be over-structured . like his teacher , sapir , harris had an interest in problems of international communication and an international auxiliary language . ( a paper on this appeared in a 1962 volume on avoiding world war iii . remember wwiii , everyone ? ) and like sapir and bloomfield he had in particular a long standing interest in international cooperation and communication in science . this culminated in _ the form of information in science : analysis of an immunology sublanguage _ ( with michael gottfried , tom ryckman , and others , 1989 , john benjamins ) . this book describes the grammar of the sublanguage of immunology during a specific period in the development of that field , based on discourse analysis of sublanguage texts from that period and adequate for making explicit the information structures in arbitrary other texts in that sublanguage . the analysis shows how the structure of the sublanguage changed concurrently with a change in immunologists ' perceptions in the domain of their science . a difference in informational structure correlates with a difference in meaning . the informational structures that are clearly represented in the binary array resulting from discourse analysis are still present in the actual form of the source texts as written albeit obscured under reductions in word shape , some motivated by considerations of informational efficiency and avoidance of redundancy , some dictated by conventions of language use as a human social institution . harris arranged his life so as to enhance the autonomy of his work . i understand that his kibbutz in israel is a wealthy one , to which members give their assets and income , and which in turn supports them in their needs . i believe that the kibbutz purchased his apartment building on charles street . until his retirement , he held an endowed chair at penn , the benjamin franklin professorship in linguistics . he was principal investigator for a long series of grants from the nsf , nimh , and other agencies whose committees and referees found his work of continuing value . throughout his life he was involved with scientists and science . his wife was a physicist at the university of jerusalem , and had been albert einstein 's assistant at princeton . a brother was an immunologist ( he is an author of some of the work analyzed in the 1989 book ) . he felt that the rough and tumble of polemic attack and retort was inappropriate for science , and would not participate in it . that too would be a distraction from the work . after one of the bampton lectures at columbia in 1986 , a young member of the audience approached him and asked what he would take up if he had another lifetime before him . he mentioned poetry , especially the longer works of 19th century poets like browning . he mentioned music . and he mentioned sign language . he had a long and very productive life . he had brought his life 's work to a successful culmination . with the completion of his book on politics , i imagine death coming to him , as to the chess playing knight in the seventh seal , and him saying "" ok , i ' m ready now . "" it was a privilege to know him and to learn from him . he is an abiding inspiration . bruce nevin bn @ bbn . com
",0
548,"Subject: proposal for a morphological database of classical greek
 
 i am writing to seek input on a proposal that we tentatively plan to submit to the neh at the end of the summer . the idea is fairly simple : we want to use the morphological parser that we have been developing for the past eight years or so to generate morphological analyses of every unique string in the thesaurus linguae graecae ( tlg ) , the database of greek texts available on cd rom from uc irvine . the tlg is large - - 42 million words at present and a new version is due out later this year with 57 million words . greek is a highly inflected language - - not as bad as georgian and some others , but a verb can , with prefixes , have millions of different forms . the tlg corpus extends over a thousand years and includes virtually all literary greek , and thus would support diachronic as well as synchronic linguistic analysis . i would like to know if there is anything we could do that would make this work on greek useful for the linguistics community in general ? classicists need this database , but it would be very exciting if it could stimulate additional work . the working summary of the project follows . the proposal outline is fairly succinct ( c . 7 pages ) but it is full of greek and does not lend itself readily to transliteration . if you would like to see a copy , please send me your us mail address and we will send one to you . casual reactions to just this summary are , however , more than welcome . note : reactions need not be positive . if this does not seem a worthwhile thing to pursue , i would love to know why . thanks ! gregory crane department of classics boylston 319 harvard university cambridge ma 02138 crane @ ikaros . harvard . edu a linguistic database of classical greek this project will extend an existing parser for classical greek , expanding its database of stems to cover the majority of all words attested in the literary record , and will use this database to create a morphologically parsed database of more than 1 , 000 , 000 unique strings available in the tlg : in the end , we will publish the database of analyzed strings , the databases of stems and endings which drive the parser and the parser itself . the resulting databases are an essential piece of scholarly infrastructure that will ( 1 ) revolutionize current searching techniques for the tlg and other greek databases , ( 2 ) make it possible to apply more sophisticated retrieval / text analysis to greek texts , and ( 3 ) provide a basic but crucial lookup tool that will aid non-specialists in other fields ( e . g . , philosophy , political science , religion ) who seek to work directly with the greek database . note : this document is a sketch for a possible proposal to be submitted to the neh at the end of august 1992 . it is , in effect , a proposal for a proposal and is thus open to revision on any and all points .
",0
549,"Subject: query : lists
 
 does anyone know any bitnet or internet lists dedicated to classical greek or latin ? thanks michael sikillian annotext
",0
550,"Subject: machine translation
 
 i would like information for a friend about a company called global link ( globalink ? ) out of maclean , virginia . specifically , he wants to know , from a linguistics perspective , how good their machine-aided translation systems are , and whether it is likely they have the technological and linguistic expertise to develop a japanese - english module , using kanji . finally , he ( and i ) would like to know about other companies producing commercially available machine-aided translation systems , and whether any have a competitive japanese - english module . please send replies to molsen @ astrid . ling . nwu . edu and i will summarize . thank you . mari broman olsen northwestern university
",0
551,"Subject: run-on words ?
 
 could anyone tell me why we have compound , run-on words in english orthography , like 's omething ' , 's omeone ' , ' therefore ' , ' whereas ' , ' everyone ' and so on ? is there any real linguistic phenomenon being captured here by omitting the usual word boundary in the spelling ? i find myself doing it with words like ' realtime ' and ' harddisk ' and i do n't know why . the reason i ask is that i have been working on a program which does syllable counting . these run-on words with the silent-e in the middle of the word cause the program to differ from human performance . it is easy to discount english syllable counting for a final ' e ' on a word with at least one other vowel cluster , but the silent-e in the middle of a word can only be done with a lookup table - - and that is a real drag for otherwise elegant programming . how would i know if i got all the run-ons listed or not ? does it get applied every time there is an ' e ' in the middle of a word ? stan . stankuli @ uwf . bitnet = = = : : close your eyes , my darling , or three of them at least - - - - - old venusian lullaby
",0
552,"Subject: no accent allowed !
 
 has anybody else seen a weird piece in a newspaper ( i read it sunday morning in the local gannett paper and promptly misplaced it ) about a measure taken by the greek mayor of a small massachusetts town with a very ethnically mixed population to prevent people with foreign accents to be employed as grade school teachers ? besides killing my own chances of ever teaching grade school over there , is this measure also nonsensical linguistically ? am i right in assuming that children do not typically get "" infected "" by foreign accents ? the exploits of my bilingual daughter were already mentioned on this list or around it , but her experience with english ( one of her two native languages ) pertains to my query . for the first 3 or 4 years of her life , her english exposure was primarily to my wife 's and my ( different ) foreign accents and our housekeeper / nanny who spoke rather a radical upper peninsula michigan dialect , complete with "" warsh "" for "" wash , "" etc . sarah never acquired any of that . to refocus the query , is it possible for a 5 - or 6 - year-old to be influenced by the foreign accent of his or her grade school teacher ? - - victor raskin raskin @ j . cc . purdue . edu professor of english and linguistics ( 317 ) 494-3782 chair , interdepartmental program in linguistics 494-3780 fax coordinator , natural language processing laboratory purdue university w . lafayette , in 47907 u . s . a .
",0
553,"Subject: kay csl
 
 i would like to hear from other users of the kay csl system , to determine whether anyone else has run into the same bugs that i ' ve hit . please reply dir ectly to me ( broselow at sbccvm . bitnet or ccvm . sunysb . edu ) .
",0
554,"Subject: list of english taboo words
 
 does anyone have a reasonably large list of english taboo words , preferably in machine-readable form ? i am interested in the classic "" four-letter words "" and their thematic relatives , as well as any other words that "" should n't be used in polite company "" , such as ethnic or religious slurs . slang per se is not of interest . mark a . mandel dragon systems , inc . : speech recognition : + 1 617 965-5200 320 nevada st . : newton , mass . 02160 , usa
",0
555,"Subject: afar
 
 i have a student ( lee fulmer ) working on morphology in afar . she is trying to get ahold of the following dissertation . hayward , richard j . ( 1976 ) "" categories of the predicator in afar , with especial reference to the grammar of radical extensions "" , soas , university of london . is there somebody out there who has this and would allow us / her to copy it ? does anybody out there know if hayward is reachable via email ? thanks much , mike hammond
",0
556,"Subject: re : portugal
 
 excuse me but . . . does anyone out there have experience of working in higher education in portugal - if so please get in touch . i need to talk to you ! !
",0
557,"Subject: a question about the ssc
 
 i ' m stumped by the presence of a dash in the definition of the ssc , and i have n't met a linguist who can tell me what it means . i ' m sure there 's someone out there who can answer this question - - when chomsky gives the specified subject condition ( p . 90 , essays on form and interpretation ) it looks like this : no rule can involve x , y in the structure . . . x . . . [ . . . z . . . - wyv . . . ] . . . alpha where z is the specified subject of wyv in alpha . what is that dash for ? it 's not mentioned . newmeyer , in his book on the history of modern linguistics , copies the constraint exactly , but also does n't mention the dash . if it 's simply there to seperate the constituents , why is n't there a dash between the w , y and v ? thanks , janet hitzeman hitzeman @ cs . rochester . edu
",0
558,"Subject: case - marking in the genitive
 
 i ' m interested in languages with case-agreement in the genitive , i . e . languages where any case which the head might take must be copied on the dependent . these are pretty common in australia , e . g . uradhi ( g / is gamma ) : wutpu - : namu-mun g / antu-mun old-man - gen-abl canoe - abl "" from the old man 's canoe "" they ' re also found in the caucasus , in the languages of the ethiopian highlands , and in some siberian languages . all these only have suffixal genitival agreement . i have three questions : 1 . does anyone know of any languages outside these areas which have similar genitival agreement ? 2 . does anyone know of any languages which have prefixing genitival agreement ? 3 . does anyone know of any languages where all case-marking for the entire genitival phrase appears affixed solely on the dependent ? ( i have two examples already : kanuri and sumerian ) my thanks !
",0
559,"Subject: book : thomas barthel
 
 would anyone have a copy of thomas barthel 's "" grundlagen zur entzifferung der osterinselnschrift "" they would be willing to part with for a not unreasonable price ? my only proviso is that the line reproductions of the tablets and the list of glyphs in appendix must be as close as can be to mint condition . in fact , that is all what i am interested in , and if you 'd not mind parting with them whilst keeping the rest of the book , it 's fine with me . the reason : my nth-generation photocopies are getting tatty , and the first-generation copy faded . j . guy @ trl . oz . au ( telecom research laboratories , po box 249 clayton 3168 australia )
",0
560,"Subject: philosophy of mind
 
 dear linguist , do any group participants perchance know of discussion groups in the philosphy of mind , philosophy of language , and other kindred philosophical subjects ? or , to apply the meta operator still once again , is there a general resource or "" phone book "" for discussion groups ? ja given suny
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561,"Subject: mt and translation theory workshop
 
 workshop on machine translation and translation theory dear colleagues , we ( that is ulrike schwall as a representative of the european association for machine translation and i as a person who is especially interested in combining machine translation with translation theory ) are planning a small workshop in the temporal neighbourhood of coling 92 at nantes . it will take place on july 22nd at 2 pm . at a place to be announced as soon as we know the approximate number of participants . christian boitet told me that we could have a room at the iud . the program will be the following : * 2 - 3 papers ( about 30 minutes each ) by experts in the fields of translation theory and / or mt ; * very short ( max . 5 minutes ) presentations by the participants of what they are doing in the field ( s ) and in which respect they are interested in the combination of mt with translation theory ; * discussion of perspectives and future activities . as uli has just moved to munich and i have n't yet got e-mail in my new position at the university of hildesheim , we ask you to use the e-mail account , fax or mailing address of the secretary of the kit group of the tu berlin ( with which i am still cooperating ) in order to signal your interest and for further information . cordula lippke technical university of berlin kit-fast sekr . 5-12 franklinstr . 28-29 d - w-1000 berlin 10 e-mail : lippke @ cs . tu-berlin . de or : lippke @ db0tui11 . bitnet fax : + 49-30 - 314-24929
",0
562,"Subject: physics : culture dependent or independent ?
 
 i ' m currently into a bit of a slinging match with a physicist who reckons physics is culture independent . physicists do not , according to his view , create their concepts , but discover them by observation of the facts . he seems to be convinced that if physics had been persued by the navahos or by some highland papuans first ( his and my examples in private discussion ) it would be exactly the same kind of physics than the one developed in the west that we know now . has anyone some views on this ? i ' m trying to tell him he is wrong . or am i ? to help me prove my case ( if there is a case to be proven ) , could anyone come up with languages where there is no concept for the ( physical ) concept of "" force "" ? my discussant 's view is that if in a language there is no such concept it will be created , because the physical forces of western physics are just there , in the world , for us to be observed . my view is that without such a concept , there is no guarantee that you must develop a kind of physics which is "" western "" in outlook . i need help ! ! thanks . please send general comments ( first question ) to the list , and examples of languages to me . i ' ll summarize . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dr bert peeters tel : + 61 02 202344 department of modern languages 002 202344 university of tasmania at hobart fax : 002 207813 gpo box 252c bert . peeters @ modlang . utas . edu . au hobart tas 7001 australia
",0
563,"Subject: 3 . 543 please respond : linguistics cd - rom , mispased idioms
 
 since there is notably little work on encyclopedias ( as the text type of for example the encyclopedia britannica , the brockhaus and the larousse , not so much as an idea ) , i am looking for those bits and pieces . i am especially interested in structural and user-oriented aspects of the matter ( what are prototypical questions asked by a prototypical encyclopedia user ? are these questions supported by the text structure of encyclopedias and encyclopedia entries ? ) . i am also interested in comparisons with respect to encyclopedia concepts and encyclopedia projects and in approaches to bring the encyclopedia idea up to the state of the art in information technology ( especially hypertext , . . . ) . are there research activities going on in this field ? do you know of any more up-to - date bibliographies or papers ? please tell me ! christoph blaesi fakultaet fuer linguistik und literaturwissenschaft universitaet bielefeld postfach 100 131 d-4800 bielefeld 1 germany
",0
564,"Subject: chomsky citations
 
 forgive me if i missed this , but in the earlier discussion of chomsky 's elevated position in the citations index , did anyone work out how many of the citations were for his linguistic works and how many were for his political works . i ask this out of general interest , and also because a colleague of mine is interested to know the extent of his stature in academic political studies . comments on the latter could be directed directly to me .
",0
565,"Subject: epenthesis rules
 
 do epenthesis rules ever plausibly epenthesize more than one segment at a given position ? my suspicion is that they only insert a "" c "" or a "" v "" , but conceivably there are cases where they epenthesize a cc or a vv . ( not an affricate or vowel with off-glide , but two separate segments . ) conceivably there are even epenthesis rules that insert a cv . any examples ? by "" plausibly "" i mean , would a reasonable linguist ever propose such an analysis ( as opposed , perhaps , to a deletion analysis ) - - even though constraint x in theory y might rule out such an analysis . please send responses to me ; i can summarize to the net and / or send copies of replies to individuals if there is interest . mike maxwell phone : ( 704 ) 843-6369 jaars internet : maxwell @ jaars . sil . org box 248 waxhaw , nc 28173
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566,"Subject: query : standard codes for languages and dialects
 
 what numerical and alphabetic codes have been established for representing languages and dialects in computer databases and computerized information exchange ? is there an international standard for representing the language ( and dialect ) of a spoken utterance ( as opposed to the written form ) . the best that i have found is the three-character alphabetic code used by the cornell - sil language archive as published in ethnologue by wycliffe bible translators , inc . however , it does not have the status of an international standard and does not have a corresponding numerical form that is published . ideally the standard numerical form would use 13 bits to represent the 5445 languages described . this would leave 3 bits out of two bytes to reference up to 8 dialects . the international organization for standardization does publish two relevant standards but neither attempts to represent spoken languages directly . the standard iso 639 : 1988 is a "" code for the representation of the names of languages . "" it uses two alphabetic characters to represent only 136 languages and does not distinguish the various spoken forms of chinese ( mandarin , cantonese , etc . ) . the standard iso 3166 : 1988 is a "" code for the representation of the names of countries . "" it presents three different codes to represent the countries of the world . they can be of some use in identifying dialects associated with different countries . is this all there is ? is there any interest in establishing an iso international standard ? - brian doherty < doherty @ bnr . ca > p . s . what is the udc number ( = 20 for english , = 951 for chinese ) that is listed in the annex to iso 639 : 1988 ( e / f ) ?
",0
567,"Subject: query : stieber 's law
 
 if i may , i would like to repeat a query i posted some time ago to which i received no responses : does anybody know who first proposed that analogical change cannot introduce new phonemic contrasts into a language ? the earliest reference i have found is a paper by z . stieber , written in polish in the 1930 's , but i think this must go back further . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i did receive one response ( from harry bochner ) regarding possible counterexamples to this , namely , it has been assumed that glottalized / y / in navaho is always of analogical origin . there are numerous other claimed examples of this in the literature , but most of them appear to be quite spurious ( e . g . , ukrainian and belorussian / dzh / ( voiced alveolopalatal affricate ) mentioned by jakobson , and certain umlauted vowels in swiss german mentioned by moulton and kiparsky ) .
",0
568,"Subject: query : status of chomsky 's minimalist paper
 
 does anybody know the publication status of chomsky 's minimalist paper ?
",0
569,"Subject: double negation in black english
 
 i am wondering if anyone has done research on double negation in black english in recent years . i am interested in particular in an old claim of labov 's that double negation in be spreads across clause boundaries as in : ain't no cat can't get in no coop as it happens , i believe that labov was wrong and that this example illustrates a different phenomenon , namely , reinterpretation of such structures as consisting of a single clause ( with ' ain't ' becoming a negative marker . and i am looking for any relevant research .
",0
570,"Subject: query : narrative
 
 does anyone know of linguistic analyses of how shifts between narrator and character roles are expressed ? for example , one way is to switch to direct quote . but i ' m looking for cases without dialogue where the writer wants to express the thoughts , feelings , or perceptions of a character , i . e . , the writer wants to present the perspective of the character . while i ' m interested in how the character 's perspective is represented , i ' m even more interested in how the writer uses linguistic devices to show that the text is moving from the narrator 's perspective to the character 's perspective . thanks in advance . wynne janis janis @ purccvm
",0
571,"Subject: accents : linguistnet in the news
 
 since victor raskin kindly kept me supplied with the responses he received to his july 6 query about the westfield accents petition , i was unusually well prepared to respond when a reporter meredith o'brien phoned me july 8 to ask if i had an opinion as a linguist on the matter ; when i told her about the linguistnet discussion of it , she was quite surprised and interested to learn of the existence of such a thing , and it turned out her ediotr was too , and the result was an article which is as much about linguistnet as about accents . the first such that i know of . i contacted victor to get his permission to use what i 'd gotten from him , but of course neither of us could contact quickly enough the many linguists whose responses i was faxing to the newspaper . i figured , and victor agreed , that messages sent to linguistnet are more or less public , and that in any case this was a very good and positive opportunity for us to do some educating of the public , which we are always looking for opportunities for . i certainly hope everyone who was quoted in the article agrees that i did the right thing in making the linguistnet discussion available to the reporter . i think the reporter did a good job of it . here 's the text of her article : springfield ( mass . ) union - news , westfield edition , friday , july 10 , 1992 , p . 1 linguists criticize accent position by meredith o'brien westfield - victor raskin , a linguistics professor at purdue university in indiana , was quite perplexed when he saw an article in his local newspaper about westfield 's petition to prohibit instructors with accents from teaching elementary school students . "" has anybody else seen a weird piece in the newspaper about a measure taken by the greek mayor of a small massachusetts town with a very ethnically mixed population to prevent people with foreign accents to be employed as grade school teachers , "" raskin asked subscribers to a linguistics computer network this week . "" besides killing my own chances of ever teaching grade school over there , is this measure nonsensical linguistically ? "" he queried . responses to raskin 's question have been coming into the world-wide computer network called "" linguistnet "" all week , some from as far away as the netherlands and australia . and those who did respond had nothing good to say about the petition . raskin is one of several linguists who have assailed the petition , which has also been chastized by education officials - - including the state secretary of education - - as unfounded and racist . the school committee 's curriculum subcommittee wednesday night unanimously rejected the petition because the committee 's attorney told them it was legally unenforceable . the full committee will vote on the issue at its next meeting which has not yet been scheduled . the petition 's organizer , laura lee whitten , had no comment on the subcommittee 's decision . meanwhile , the eight linguists who called into "" linguistnet "" on their computers concluded that parents should not be worried about their elementary school children acquiring an accent from their teachers because the chances of that happening are next to impossible . network subscriber , barbara partee , chairwoman of the linguistics department at the university of massachusetts , concurs with the conclusions of her colleagues . "" what research exists on this matter makes it very clear that it would be nearly impossible to be influenced by the accent of a grade school teacher "" , she said wednesday . "" young children , almost universally , pick up their accents from their peers . "" she said if people looked at immigrant families where the children were born in this country , they would find that the children have not adopted their parents ' accent . many others agreed . "" i used to live in boston , where you can cut the local accent with a knife , and played the organ for a church in arlington , mass . , where the pastor and his wife were from the midwest , "" craig thiersch , a linguistics professor from tilburg university in the netherlands said . "" but all their children had strong ' towny ' accents . "" "" my own rather limited experience is that children are n't influenced by the foreign accents of their parents , much less their teachers , "" echoed university of georgia professor michael a . covington . "" kids get their accents from their peers , "" agreed susan ervin - tripp from the university of california at berkeley . while the linguists roundly criticized the petition , some said they could understand why some parents signed it . noting the problems some college students have in understanding some of their foreign professors , they acknowledged that a teacher 's english should be understandable . but the existence of an accent is not a reason to rule out the hiring of an instructor , they said . "" my own opinion is that it is legitimate to require that teachers be understandable to their students , but that is presumably a normal job qualification that does not require a petition , "" partee said . she said at umass , foreign instructors and professors are screened to assure their english can be understood . "" but no one has ever been disqualified because of an accent . "" [ end of newpaper article . ] in the same paper , there was a nice column by william raspberry . much of it repeats things we ' ve been over on the net ; i extract here a bit from the ending : "" as one who was taught french by a german - accented professor who used to amuse us with her talk of "" consonants and wowels , "" i understand why some parents might be wary of having their youngsters taught reading by teachers whose pronunciations are too far from standard . but what in this nation of a thousand accents is too far from standard ? and who determines it ? how much of the whole business is simple prejudice against hispanic teachers ? how does one draw the line between a legitimate interest in occupational qualification and an illegitimate interest in ethnicity or national origin ? where is the universal principle ? kant might not want to hear this , but the principle is the problem . a good principal would handle the thing without working up a sweat . she 'd listen , make some experience-based judgment as to whether a teacher 's accent might prove an impediment to beginning readers and make the appropriate assignment . she might not even be able to tell you , in close cases , what tipped the judgment one way or another , but would that really be so awful ? only if you try to make it a kantian universal . make it a principle , and you ' re stuck willy-nilly with language panels , ethnic spokespersons , teachers ' union reps and , of course , lawyers . before it 's over , people will stop speaking to each other across racial or ethnic lines , and everybody will be working to get everybody else fired or defeated for re-election . the problem , of course , will remain unresolved . as they say in massachusetts ( or would if they thought of it ) , some things can be addressed in terms of the philosopher 's "" universal law . "" some kant .
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572,"Subject: accents in classroom
 
 i received a number of helpful and informative responses from a few colleagues and i am grateful to all of them . below please find a digest of the responses . first of all , barbara partee provided the background information on the case itself , which was playing out practically in her own backyard . on july 7 , 1992 , barbara partee ( partee @ cs . umass . edu ) wrote to me : "" i ' m keeping an eye on the westfield accent uproar because it 's not far from here and there 's something about it in the paper almost every day , including editorials . i ' ll be glad to help keep you updated on news , and i would appreciate receiving any references you find out about to research that shows that the parents have nothing to worry about . ( an article in a local paper today , about reactions , said in the last paragraph "" linguists said that , as long as the teacher is comprehensible , parents concerned about having a good "" model "" in the classroom to help their children become americanized quickly in their speech have little to worry about . "" but no names or references . ) what happened was that early last week a petition signed by 403 residents of westfield , mass . was given to the school board in response to a decision to reassign two bilingual education teachers to positions as normal classroom teachers . the petition urges that no teacher be assigned to first or second grades "" who is not thoroughly proficient in the english language in terms of grammar , syntax , and - most important - the accepted and standardized use of pronunciation . "" the mayor of the city , a greek immigrant with an accent , and a proponent of english - only laws , and chair of the city 's school committee , has been vocally in favor of the petition . it has been denounced by the state 's secretary of education , piedad robertson , a native of cuba and a former kindergarten teacher herself , who immediately came out with the statement that the proposal "" would appear to be discrimination , plain and simple . . . . this petition , instead of fostering the acceptance of cultural diversity , would appear to encourage bigotry , racism , and discrimination . "" the mayor in a phone interview june 30 dismissed her attack as "" bovine scatology . "" the state 's attorney general has offered th opinion that the plan would almost certainly violate the state 's anti-discrimination laws . an article today ( both articles i ' m quoting from are in the daily hampshire gazette , of northampton , though there was also a mention in sunday 's nytimes ) says the mayor , george varelas , says he has been getting calls from all over the country , mostly agreeing with his point of view . the two parents who started the drive are expressing great surprise ; the wife , "" who is of spanish and portuguese descent , has become so distraught over accusations of bigotry . . . that she has taken to avoiding people . "" the city has about 36000 population and a broad ethnic mix . but like most of what one reads about the english only movement , there 's a great deal of debate about whether it 's racist or xenophobic , etc . , and very little about the fundamental question that you raised , namely does it in fact have any effect on the acquisition of english by the children in the classes ? "" throughout last week , i was forwarding the responses to barbara and she was updating the story as things evolved . on july the 8th , she was contacted by a reporter of the westfield paper , and she asked me for ( and , of course , received ) permission to use the materials i had in her interview with the paper . on july the 9th , barbara wrote : "" by the way , i heard second hand that the school committee or a subcommittee thereof just voted this morning 3 - 0 not to adopt the petitioners ' request . i ' ll know more by this evening 's news . i expect the newspaper article that our stuff went to will appear tomorrow morning . i ' ll let you know . this is happening quicker , and coming out more emphatically on the right side , than i had expected . "" the article appeared on friday , july the 10th , and barbara is likely to post it here on monday . as you will see , the reporter was absolutely fascinated by the fact of the ongoing worldwide discussion of the issue on a computer net . the same issue of the same paper ran a syndicated column by william raspberry on the subject . i have not yet found a paper available here that runs bill raspberry . that was the chronicle , and now for the substance of the responses . a couple of people suggested that the petitioners ' concern was about the teachers being comprehensible to the grade school students . this is , of course , a most legitimate concern , and many states , school corporations , and universities have taken measures to protect their students from incompetent english speakers . apparently , however , this was not the petitioners ' concern , and the core of the issue was their belief that the students would acquire the foreign accent of a teacher . all the responses on this subject shared the conviction that it could not happen . michael covington ( mcovingt @ uga . cc . uga . edu ) : "" my own rather limited experience is that children are n't even influenced by the foreign accents of their _ parents _ , much less teachers . "" cliff miller ( miller @ defun . cs . utah . edu ) : "" of course it is possible [ for a grade school student to be influenced by the teacher 's foreign accent ] , but it is highly unlikely that it will be complete or long-lasting . and perhaps the more important question is : does it matter ? i grew up in several different places and my english has undergone a number of shifts - - i even had a japanese accent for a while . my english is quite native now and i do n't think that the different stages it went through did it any harm . . . . "" craig thiersch ( thiersch @ kub . nl ) : "" i ' m afraid i do n't have any citations from linguistics literature , and our phonologist is n't here today , but you ' re right : it 's more or less common knowledge that children virtually always acquire the accent of their peers , not that of parents , teachers , or other adults . i can think of countless examples from my own experience : for instance , i used to live in boston , where you can cut the local accent with a knife , and played organ for a church in arlington , mass . , where the pastor and his wife were from the mid - west . but all their children had strong "" towny "" arlington accents . "" amy sheldon ( asheldon @ vx . acs . umn . edu ) : "" i was interested in learning that your daughter never acquired the pronunciations of the 3 adults at home , when they differed from , i assume , the local dialect . i can add that our 9 & 12 year olds do not have any of their father 's quebec french pronunciations or translations in their speech and on occasions when they have had his speech forms / usage , they seem to get rid of it when they learn the local dialect . that is , his speech does not persist in theirs . they also recently asked me if i thought that daddy had a foreign accent . they said they did n't think so . i must admit , that i have to stop and think a second before i realize that he does indeed have an accent , and that on reflection , our kids will admit to it too . but there is a sense in which we do n't think on a minute to minute basis of him as speaking differently from us , though certain pronunciations or translations on occasion may strike us noticeably . i 'd imagine that students in a class with a nonnative teacher muight have the same perceptions , esp . if the teacher is fluent in english , although having an accent . this is a good "" applied linguistics "" example . "" the only references that the discussion has yielded so far were contributed by catherine doughty and susan ervin - tripp . catherine doughty ( catherine . doughty @ linguistics . su . edu . au ) : "" the ability "" to be affected by phonology "" seems to be the earliest of thing to go in terms of maturational constraints on language acquisition - - see the work of johnson & newport 1989 in cognitive psychology 21 . j & n set the age of the beginning of the decline at 5 or 6 . another interesting case that is analogous in some ways but not others is the case of simon a profoundly deaf child of profoundly deaf parents . simon 's parents were late acquirers of asl ( learned at ages 16 & 15 ) and so provided non-native and very different versions of asl to their child . they are his only source of input , as simon goes to a "" normal "" school where no one knows any asl . simon 's asl is comparable to the asl of children who learn asl from native signers - - e . g . , nativelike . ( singleton 1989 dissertation ) . susan ervin - tripp ( ervin-tr @ cogsci . berkeley . edu ) : "" it would be nearly impossible for a child to be influenced by the accent of a grade school teacher unless it was the prestige accent of the community , and the child knew it . as labov showed convincingly , kids get their accents from their peers . on the other hand , i ran into some reported cases of children who preserved the accents of their immigrant parents , but these were unusual cases of socially isolated children . for example , in the clinical literature i found a case of an 8 year old who immigrated at 3 , and still had "" his father 's accent "" . as he was psychoanalyzed ( ! ) he lost his accent , spoke like his peers , and became able to mimic the accent at will . buxbaum , psychoanalytic quarterly , 18 , 279-289 ( 1949 ) . "" - - victor raskin raskin @ j . cc . purdue . edu professor of english and linguistics ( 317 ) 494-3782 chair , interdepartmental program in linguistics 494-3780 fax coordinator , natural language processing laboratory purdue university w . lafayette , in 47907 u . s . a .
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573,"Subject: compounds and pdp
 
 re : query : compounding and pdp * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dear reader of linguist , last year , we put a query on linguist , asking for work done about the interpretation of nominal compounds . thanks to the many replies we got , we managed to obtain the excellent dissertation of mary ellen ryder ( ordered chaos : an investigation of the interpretation of english noun - noun compounds ) . now , one year further , we are thinking of implementing a pdp model like the one ryder introduces in her work . however , it seems to us that little work has yet been done on this . since as far as we know , ryder does not have e-mail , we wanted to ask some general questions about this matter : - do you know whether m . e . ryder or anyone else for that sake has made some kind of implementation of a compound interpretation model ? in her thesis , ryder mentions some small implementation of which she does n't mention the results . - if not , do you know of any other people that are working with pdp techniques , particularly with a view to implementing morphology ? many thanks in advance , lieve de wachter and jan provoost centre of computational linguistics leuven maria - theresiastraat 21 b-3000 leuven belgium tel . + + 32 16 28 50 85 fax . + + 32 16 28 50 25 e - mail : lieve @ et . kuleuven . ac . be jan @ et . kuleuven . ac . be
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574,"Subject: query : uninflected tags
 
 does anybody know of recent work on uninflected tags like huh ? and right ? in the examples below ? they ' re going to replace dos , right ? then he 's got to look for a job , huh ? contact me directly and i ' ll summarize responses . thanks . neal r norrick , tb0nrn1 @ niu . bitnet
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575,"Subject: query : melcuk ( melchuk )
 
 does anybody know a working email ( or other ) address for igor melcuk ( melchuk ) ?
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576,"Subject: threatened sudan languages ii .
 
 threatened sudan languages : response > from roger blench , cambridge i would like to thank the many people who responded to my posting on threatened languages of kordofan . it seems there is a large unsatisfied need out there to work with real speakers in situ , which is very encouraging for individuals such as myself who often feel marooned in the arid wastes of theory . i am attempting to set up a direct email address for those who have expressed interest and we will attempt to sort and answer all the queries with more detailed information as soon as possible . i append to this a few reflections occasioned by the response which you can ignore . 1 . of all the countries mailed the one major nation from which there was absolutely no response was england . this is disappointing , but not at all surprising . i had always suspected that both anthropology and field linguistics in england were closely bound up with the empire and that now the empire has gone , inward-looking has become the rule . anthropology i have had to largely discard now that the seminar rooms are awash with post-modernist chitchat , while linguistics seems bent on disappearing up its own theoretical orifices . 2 . the evident desire to go out and work with informants in context in order to actually assist communities ( as opposed to the parade of taxi-driver informants who have provided much of the "" african "" language material these last few years , especially in north america ) makes one ask why field linguistics has such a low prestige and why the making of dictionaries and the preparation of reference grammars is a barely acceptable activity ( as measured by the difficulty in getting these published ) . 3 . i posted a message about sudan , but every african country has threatened languages that require immediate attention . my work on the language atlas of nigeria ( finally published recently ) has made me aware of at least 50 languages in nigeria that are close to extinction . why , for example , is it easier to hold conferences and make up committees on threatened languages than to actually pay somebody to go out and do some basic work ? thank you again for the encouraging response . roger blench
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577,"Subject: workbook
 
 in ' 95 i ' m teaching a unit called descripptive linguistics : morphology and syntax . its one of those 2nd / 3rd yr level units that covers classic a structuralist techniques for analysing and describing languages , introduces students to some of the theoretical and conceptual problems that arise in language description , and exposes students to some of the main types of morphological and syntactic phenomena in languages of the world . its thus mainly descriptive , but with a secondary typological bent , and i ' m sure in this respect it is similar to linguistics units on offer at many universities . as a text i ' m using ( bits of ) the new crowley , lynch , siegel , piau book ' design of language ' which is being published by longman in jan ' 95 . as support material for this unit , i ' m putting together a collection of language data problems as a workbook . in the past i ' ve either concocted my own , or plundered the usual sources ( langacker , stockwell , demers & farmer , etc etc ) but i ' m a bit tired of these and i ' m on the lookout for fresh material . many of you who have been involved in both teaching and language description have probably , like me , developed language data problems for use in assignments and tutorials , etc . 20 so i ' m writing to seek contributions from anyone who 'd like to pool such data . i ' ll happily accept problems in phonology , but i ' m particularly interested in morphology , morphosyntax and syntax . i 'd like the workbook to have an australian / asian / pacific regional bias , but not so strong as to stifle typological diversity , so i ' ll welcome useful material from any language anywhere . contributors will be acknowledged in the text ( as in sample below ) and will receive a free electronic copy of the completed workbook . i 'd like any contributions before mid - jan , and the completed workbook will be posted to you at the end of feb . my immediate intention is to create a student resource manuscript for ' 95 , but if subsequent publication seems desirable , i ' ll recontact contributors to seek their permission . if you are interested , here 's a list of topics as a prompt , and a few guidelines . 20 / 80 grammatical categories , noun class / gender , tam distinctions , polarity , transitivity , causatives , voice , pre - / suf - / in - / simul - / supra-fixes , replacive / zero / subtractive morphs , compounding , redup , morphotactics , inflection / derivation , conditioned allomorphy , abstractness in morphophonemics , clitics , case distinctions , concord , word order , adpositions , verb serialisation , co-ordination , subordination , complements , relativisation , problems that highlight the adequacy / inadequacy of insertion / movement rules , etc etc 80 provide the language name , and a short language description ( as in sample below ) . 80 data emaile to nreid @ metz . une . udu . au as an attached document , keyed in times 12 and iparoman 12 fonts , will simplify my job , but good data scrawled in blood on paperbark will do if it 's legible . 80 if you use an established orthography instead of ipa , provide a key to the orthography ( as in sample below ) . sample format ( a dangerous exercise within eudora - please allow for its limitations ) problem 1 ngan ' giwumirri [ contributed by : nicholas reid ] description : 20 ngan ' giwumirri is spoken by about 20 people in the daly river region 300 kms southwest of darwin in the northern territory of australia . it is a non - pamanyungan language with an elaborate noun class system and complex polysynthetic verbal morphology . 20 question : 20 the ngan ' giwumirri data below illustrates the morphological marking of membership in two noun classes . describe the semantics of these two noun classes , and their morphology , noting any allomorphy that you find . can you argue convincingly for an ' underlying form ' for either class marker . [ useful info : ngan ' giwumirri has a four vowel inventory ; / i / high front , / e / low front . / a / low back , / u / high back . orthographic ' ty , ' 's y ' and ' ny ' represent palatal stop , fricative , and nasal respectively , / rr / and / r / represent a trill and continuant ] . 20 1 daba arm 16 damadi chest 2 adany shark 17 depi head 3 afiti insect 18 deme hand 4 eferri bluetongue 19 dapurr bum 5 detyirri navel 20 afu 20 whip snake 6 engete kingfisher 21 afunyi mosquito 7 detyerri ear 22 defirr foot 8 awiny bream 23 dagarri leg 9 afilpurr carpet snake 24 epelen rifle fish 10 denintyi knee 25 desyi nose 11 dederri back 26 aminyirr peewee 12 awuntyerr finch 27 amu fly 13 emengginy goanna 28 datyamu cheek 14 data shoulder 29 detyeny tongue 15 akaka nightjar owl 30 elele curlew end sample format many thanks nick reid note , direct address : nreid @ metz . une . edu . au
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578,"Subject: language requirements for teachers
 
 a few weeks ago i directed a query at linguists ensconsed in english departments . i wanted to know what the language course requirements ( i . e . , intro to ling . , history of english , etc . ) were for english majors , particularly those planning to be high school or elementary school teachers . i only got a half-dozen replies . thanks so much to those six . out of the six universities represented by the six respondants , two required six credits ( two courses ) for both english majors and english majors who intend to teach . the other four require only three credits for simple majors , but six for those who intend to be teachers . armed with this information i went to the curriculum committee prepared to defend our current six credit requirement for students seeking a teaching certificate . there had been a proposal introduced to reduce it to three . i made my case for about five minutes . when i was finished , the other members of the committee looked at each other , shrugged , and withdrew the proposal to reduce the language requirement . victory .
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579,"Subject: tenure - track opening in japanese
 
 previously i posted an abbreviated job announcement from california state university , los angeles . here is the entire posting . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * california state university los angeles announcement of opening department of modern languages and literatures tenure track assistant / associate professor of japanese position : the department of modern languages and literatures announces the opening of a tenure-track position in japanese to start september 1995 . qualifications : ph . d . or a . b . d . in japanese or a closely-related field . native or near-native proficiency in japanese ; fluent english . ability to teach all levels of language as well as courses in civilization , linguistics , or literature . applicants should be able to demonstrate excellence in university teaching , familiarity with competency-based instruction , and willingness to contribute to program development . candidates in any area of specialization are encouraged to apply ; preference will be given to those with a linguistics background . rank and salary : although it is expected that the appointment will be made at the rank of assistant professor , an especially well-qualified candidate could be appointed at the rank of associate professor . salary is competitive and will depend upon qualifications and experience . the doctorate is required for tenure or promotion . general information : founded in 1947 , california state university , los angeles is one of 20 campuses in the california state university system . the university offers programs in more than 50 academic and professional fields in four state-supported quarters per year . full - time faculty teach during three of the four quarters . the campus is located at the eastern edge of the city of los angeles , and offers easy access to a variety of cultural and educational institutions and activities . the student body of approximately 20 , 000 full - and part-time students reflects the ethnic diversity of the area . the university has collective bargaining contracts with the faculty and other employee units . in addition to its other language programs , the department of modern languages and literatures offers the b . a . degree in french , japanese and spanish , and the m . a . in french and spanish . the university has an active affirmative action program and encourages ethnic minorities , women , and persons with disabilities to apply . applications : submit letter of application , curriculum vitae , and dossier with transcripts to : joseph crzanowski , chair department of modern languages and literatures california state niversity , los angeles 5151 state university drive los angeles , ca 90032-8112 deadline : applications accepted until position is filled . candidates whose completed applications are received by december 15 , 1994 will be considered for an interview at the mla convention . california state university los angeles is an equal opportunity / affirmative action / disabled / title ix employer . upon request , reasonable accommodation will be provided to individuals with protected disabilities to ( a ) complete the employment process and ( b ) perform essential job functions when this does not cause an undue hardship .
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580,"Subject: tenure - track positions available
 
 tenure-track positions center for international programs saint michael ' s college applications are invited for two tenure-track teaching positions at the assistant professor level . saint michael 's college is a small catholic liberal arts and sciences college with a thriving center for international programs . programs in the center include the intensive english program , the university academic ( bridge ) program , undergraduate language and linguistics , special programs , and a master 's degree program in teaching english as a second / foreign language . we seek candidates able to teach in all program areas , with undergraduate and graduate responsibilities . preferred areas of expertise include k-12 esl and bilingual education , english for academic or special purposes , efl / esl methodologies , second language acquisition , and / or adult / refugee education . responsibilities include teaching 10-11 hours per week , appropriate research , and service to the college as well as the profession . ability to teach languages other than english will be considered a plus . preference will be given to candidates who have a ph . d . in applied linguistics , education , tesol or a related field and who have successful teaching and teacher-training experience and evidence of scholarship . send letter of application , c . v . and 3 letters of reference by february 1 ( for august 1995 hire date ) to the office of human resources , saint michael 's college , winooski park , colchester , vt 05439 . saint michael ' s college is an affirmative action / equal opportunity employer
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581,"Subject: job announcement
 
 job announcement the department of linguistics of the university of ottawa invites applications for an eighteen month replacement position at the rank of assistant professor , effective july 1 , 1995 . requirements : ph . d . in linguistics , proof of excellence in research , ability to teach courses in both official languages ( english and french ) . preferred area of specialization is phonetics / phonology with an experimental orientation and a demonstrated interest in theoretical phonology . our department boasts an extremely well-equipped research laboratory and a dedicated electronics technologist . preference will be given to candidates who are willing to exploit and develop this resource . salary is commensurate with qualifications and experience , in keeping with the collective agreement . candidates are invited to address their applications with cv , three letters of recommendation , and copies of representative publications to : eta schneiderman , chair department of linguistics university of ottawa ottawa , ontario k1n 6n5 canada ( fax : ( 613 ) 564-9067 ) applications received before january 15 , 1995 are guaranteed consideration , although the department may continue to consider applications until a final decision is made . the university of ottawa has an employment equity policy and strongly encourages applications from women . in accordance with canadian immigration requirements , this advertisement is directed to canadian citizens and permanent residents of canada . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * annonce de poste le departement de linguistique de l ' universite d ' ottawa annonce un poste de remplacement de dix-huit mois au niveau de professeur ( e ) adjoint ( e ) a partir du 1er juillet 1995 . exigences : doctorat en linguistique , preuves d ' excellence en recherche , capacite d ' enseigner dans les deux langues officielles ( anglais et francais ) . le domaine de specialisation souhaite est la phonetique / phonologie avec une orientation experimentale et un interet marque pour la theorie phonologique . notre departement possede un laboratoire de recherche extremement bien equipe auquel se rattache un technicien specialise en electronique . la preference ira aux candidat ( e ) s pret ( e ) s a exploiter cette ressource . le salaire sera conforme a la convention collective . les interesse ( e ) s sont prie ( e ) s d ' envoyer leur c . v . , trois lettres de recommandation , des copies de leurs publications pertinentes et / ou travaux de recherche a : eta schneiderman , directrice departement de linguistique universite d ' ottawa ottawa , ontario k1n 6n5 canada ( telecopieur : ( 613 ) 564-9067 ) les candidatures recues avant le 15 janvier sont assurees d ' etre prises en consideration , mais le departement se reserve la possibilite de considerer les candidatures recues a une date ulterieure jusqu ' a ce que la decision finale soit prise . l ' universite d ' ottawa a une politique d ' equite en matiere d ' emploi et encourage fortement les femmes a presenter leur candidature . conformement aux exigences d ' immigration du canada , cette annonce s ' adresse aux citoyens / citoyennes et aux immigrant ( e ) s recu ( e ) s .
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582,"Subject: translators needed for women for women !
 
 i am posting the following message for my friends who are not on the list : * would you like to use your language skills to help women survivors of the war in bosnia and croatia ? women for women , a u . s . based , nonprofit sponsorship program sending letters and money each month to the region , is desperately seeking volunteer translators . we translate letters both from and to english . even if you can manage only a handful of letters each month , it would lighten the load for the few translators we have now . for more information , call our office at ( 703 ) 519-1730 , and leave a message for zainab or robin . thank you ! * you may also send an e-mail message to me mima @ seur . voa . gov and i will forward it to * women for women : .
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583,"Subject: contributions solicited to germanic generative syntax newsletter
 
 the germanic generative syntax newsletter ( ggsn ) appears twice a year in paper and electronic form . it contains a bibliography of unpublished papers on the syntax of the germanic languages as well as an overview over the recent published literature . in addition , it frequently contains abstracts , conference announcements and descriptions , job announcements , special bibliographies , and email addresses of researchers of the field . we are getting ready to put together this year 's fall issue and would like to solicit any contributions of the type described above . note , however , that because of space considerations we usually do not publish information on modern english . please send any material you want included in the next issue to gert webelhuth at webelhuth @ unc . edu before november 12 . if you would like to subscribe to the newsletter , send email to the same address , specifying whether you would like to receive the newsletter in paper or electronice form . because of scarcity of funds , it is greatly appreciated if you opted for the electronic version . gert webelhuth university of north carolina american editor of ggsn email address for all correspondence : webelhuth @ unc . edu
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584,"Subject: celiac / oaxaca native literacy project
 
 this memo is going out to scholars who might be interested in acquiring the native-language texts being produced in mexico at celiac . please pass this on to colleagues who might also wish to acquire these texts . celiac 's indigenous-language books are published in hard copy and on disk . in 1995 , they will also be available on audio tape . i have posted several long messages about the history of celiac , formerly called the oaxaca native literacy project . if you would like copies of those postings , please let me know . russ bernard ( university of florida , on leave 1994-95 at the university of cologne ) books available from celiac and how to order them celiac ( centro editorial en literatura indigena , a . c . ) is a not - for-profit , indigenous-language publishing center in oaxaca , mexico . celiac 's books are published in perfect-bound , paperback editions and as pc disk files . most of celiac 's books cost $ 30 per volume . tiburcio perez ' book of totonac poetry ( book # 1 on the list below ) costs $ 60 . it contains 53 color drawings by the author . prices include shipping in the u . s . canada , and mexico . for other countries , add $ 10 per volume . disk versions of celiac books are in ms-dos , wordperfect 5 . 1 format . disks cost $ 30 each if purchased separately , but are $ 10 with the purchase of a book . proceeds from sales of celiac books support indigenous authors and also support the distribution of books to local schools . following is a list of the books now available or in press . ( note : we do not show special characters , like the barred i or the dieresis , on e - mail . we do , however , show the spanish enye as n ^ . ) 1 . x ' tachwin x ' tatlin li tutunaku ( palabra y canto de los totonacos ) , by tiburcio perez gonzalez ( jun ) . poetry in totonac and spanish . over 50 original color illustrations by the author . publication date : may 1994 . cost : $ 60 . 00 usc 2 . dillzaan nha ' kalhjagok ' ks ( cuentos y leyendas en idioma zapoteco de la sierra norte ; area cajonof : yaganiza , san mateo , xagacia , y carizal ) , by alfredo rios belem . in zapotec . publication 3 . na kaa iyo yo chi nuu chikua ' a ( la vida cotidiana de jicayan , volume i ) , by josefa leonarda gonzalez ventura . in mixtec . publication date : march , 1993 . cost : $ 30 . 00 usc 4 . la vida cotidiana de jicayan . ( na kaa iyo yo chi nuu chikua ' a volume i ) , by josefa leonarda gonzalez ventura . in spanish . publication date : march 1994 . cost : $ 30 . 00 usc 5 . lala ia ti jujmi ki tsa ko wi ( asi se cuenta en el idioma chinanteco de ojitlan ) , by fidel pereda ramon and bartola morales garcia . in chinantec . publication date : late 1994 . 6 . te ' en ni tui nuu yo ( asi se fundo nuestro pueblo ) , by pablo hernandez hernandez . in mixtec . publication date : late 1994 . 7 . ra nt ' emee maya ' mu ' ne mapaya ( la religion tradicional y religion contemporanea ) , by jesus salinas pedraza . in nahn ^ u ( otomi ) and spanish . publication date : mid - 1994 . the english edition of this book is available in h . r . bernard and j . salinas , native ethnography , sage publications , 1989 . in spanish and n ^ ahn ^ u , late 1994 or early 1995 . 8 . ra ' mede ra hnini ra dexto ( historia de la comunidad de el dexto ) , by jesus salinas pedraza . in nahn ^ u and spanish . publication date : early 1995 . 9 . yelesi ' in che bene ' golhe jseshe ( los conocimientos de los ancianos de yatzachi el bajo ) , by digna salvador eugenio . in zapotec and spanish . publication date : late - 1994 . 10 . tyusu cha nakatyi nuyivi nuu kasando ' o ( cuentos que narra la gente de jamiltepec ) , by miguel lopez hernandez . in mixtec and spanish . publication date : late 1994 celiac 's books may be purchased directly from celiac . contact box 1530 , oaxaca , oax . mexico 68000 , or celiac , avenida ejercito mexicano 1107 , colonia ampliacion dolores , oaxaca , oaxaca , 68020 mexico . payment for celiac books may be made by international bank draft , or you may wire funds directly to celiac . for details in spanish , contact celiac on e-mail at celiac @ laneta . igc . apc . org , or call jesus salinas or josefa gonzalez at celiac : 011-52 - 951-59725 or 59729 . for details in english , contact contact h . russell bernard at 904-376 - 4544 ( fax : 904-376 - 8617 ) , e-mail ufruss @ nervm . nerdc . ufl . edu if you wish to sponsor a native author at celiac , or help celiac purchase a computer for a village , or underwrite the distribution of celiac 's books to village schools , contact russell bernard ( address above ) . these tax-deductible contributions to the project are handled by the university of florida foundation , inc . contact jesus salinas or josefa gonzalez by phone , mail , or e-mail ( addresses above ) if you 'd like to visit celiac .
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585,"Subject: george aditjondro
 
 dr george aditjondro , a prominent indonesian academic at satya wacana university in salatiga , central java , remains at risk of imminent arrest for his peaceful academic and political activities . he was not arrested on 8 october because he was not in the country at the time . he has since returned , and on 12 october , dr aditjondro received a second summons on charges of "" insulting a government authority or body "" , under article 207 of the indonesian criminal code , a charge which carries a maximum penalty of 18 months imprisonment . if detained , dr aditjondro would be a prisoner of conscience . the second summons requires him to report to yogyakarta police at 10am on 15 october . it does not clarify whether dr aditjondro is wanted as a witness or a suspect . if held and questioned as a suspect , dr aditjondro could face prosecution and imprisonment . the pretext for the charge against dr aditjondro appears to arise from comments he made during a panel discussion at the universitas islam indonesia ( uii ) in yogyakarta in august . amnesty international believes , however , that the authorities are attempting to punish dr aditjondro for his past criticism of government policy relating to human rights and environmental concerns in indonesia and east timor and , further , that the charge may be intended to prevent him from taking part in peaceful activities prior to and during the asia pacific economic cooperation ( apec ) meetings which will be held in jakarta in mid - november . amnesty international is also concerned that , since the issuance of the first summons on 5 october , dr aditjondro has been subjected to intensive surveillance by military intelligence officers from the resort military command ( korem ) in salatiga , both at his home and his place of work . under indonesia 's code of criminal procedure ( kuhap ) , the police and not the military , bear sole responsibility for the arrest of suspects . since military intelligence authorities have no lawful role to play in dr aditjondro 's case , amnesty international considers their activities in recent days to be a form of harassment . background information the charge against dr george aditjondro is symptomatic of a marked escalation in official harassment and intimidation of alleged government critics in recent months . these measures have included prevention or breaking up of meetings and seminars , the arbitrary arrest of human rights activists , and the torture or ill-treatment of some political detainees . human rights violations against labour activists are a part of this pattern . muchtar pakpahan , the chairman of the independent trade union , sbsi , is currently on trial along with at least nine others , accused of "" inciting "" workers to demonstrate and to strike . amnesty international believes that use of these measures against alleged government critics has increased in preparation for the apec meetings in november , which will attract considerable international and domestic media coverage . further recommended action : please send telegrams / faxes / express and airmail letters : - expressing concern that dr george aditjondro remains in imminent danger of arrest for the peaceful expression of his views ; - urging that the charge against dr aditjondro be immediately and unconditionally dropped ; - expressing concern about the current level of intimidation and harassment of alleged government critics , including academics , lawyers , journalists and human rights activists . appeals to : minister of state : drs moerdiono [ salutation : dear minister moerdiono ] menteri negara jl veteran no 17 jakarta , indonesia faxes : ( c / o - foreign ministry ) + 62 21 36 0517 or 7781 or 7782 telegrams : menteri negara , jakarta , indonesia military commander region iv / diponegoro : brig gen soerjadi [ salutation : dear brig gen soerjadi ] pangdam iv / diponegoro markas besar kodam iv diponegoro semarang jawa tengah , indonesia telegrams : pangdam iv / diponegoro , jawa tengah , indonesia chief of police yogyakarta : gen ( pol ) drs madra s banurusman [ salutation : dear gen ( pol ) banurusman ] kapolda yogyakarta markas besar kepolisian diy yogyakarta , indonesia telegrams : kapolda yogyakarta , indonesia please send copies of your appeals to : his excellency mr junus effendy habibie , embassy of indonesia , 38 grosvenor square , london w1x 9ad [ please see the responses to this topic for the addresses of diplomatic representatives in other countries ] and , if possible , to the following : minister of foreign affairs : ali alatas sh menteri luar negeri jl medan taman pejambon no 6 jakarta , indonesia faxes : + 62 21 36 0517 or 7781 or 7782 chair of the national commission on human rights : ali said sh ketua komisi nasional hak azasi manusia jalan veteran no 11 jakarta , indonesia faxes : ( c / o ministry of justice ) + 62 21 314 1625 please send appeals immediately . please do not send appeals after 10 november 1994 . + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + if you have any queries about this urgent action or about + + the ua scheme in general , please contact : + + ray mitchell + + amnesty international british section + + 99 - 119 rosebery avenue + + london ec1r 4re email : rmitchellai @ gn . apc . org + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
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586,"Subject: ua appeal : arief budiman
 
 urgent action appeal : re : the unhonorable discharge of dr . arief budiman from university of satya wacana , salatiga , indonesia dr . arief budiman , one of the most consistent defenders of freedom of speech in indonesia and an outspoken critic of indonesian government , was fired from his position as a senior lecturer in the post graduate department at the christian university of satya wacana ( uksw ) , salatiga , indonesia . the letter of dismissal that will take effect on october 31st , 1994 , was issued on october 17th , and was cosigned by prof . haryono semangun ( chairman ) and drs . nelky oemboe nganggoe ( secretary ) of the university 's board of trustees . the letter said that dr . budiman has been unhonorably discharged because of not following the critique ethics adopted by the university . he was also accused of circulating issues discrediting the university 's board of trustees and rector . what dr . budiman actually did was only publicly expressing critical opinion againts the board 's controversial decision on the appoinment of the new rector , dr . john ihalauw . previously , dr . budiman received two letters of reprimand from the board , but no specific "" misconduct "" was mentioned in both letters . two additional notes must be mentioned . first , over the year the board has been under constant pressures from the majority of the faculty members , students , and administrative staffs of the university to revoke the appointment of the new rector , which was considered illegitimate . the same academic community has expressed public support for dr . budiman 's initiative to file a lawsuit againts the board . secondly , all of this is taking place as an increasingly sweeping clamp - down of intellectual activism has been heightening in the past two weeks , presumably in preparation for the upcoming apec summit in jakarta this november . there is a possibility that this dismissal was also intended at punishing dr . budiman and closing his opportunities to continue expressing his criticism to the indonesian authorities . in a separate case , dr . george junus aditjondro , another uksw 's lecturer and a close friend of dr . budiman , is still under police 's interrogation for insulting the state authorities while speaking in a seminar in another campus . this arbitrary measure againts dr . budiman has demonstrated how such an academic institution as uksw has violated the principles of freedom of speech and has threatened the democratic atmosphere within the academic community . his dismissal will be detrimental not only to the world-wide known reputation of uksw as one of more committed universities , but also to the dynamic of indonesia intelectual and academic life as well . as members of academic communities and individuals who are concerned with the maintenance of freedom of speech , we should express our concern to this arbitrary action . please send letter , fax , or make a call to the board of trustess of uksw for : - expressing concern at the unhonorable discharge of dr . arief budiman - asking the board to reconsider the decision and to give dr . arif budiman an opportunity to defend himself in front of the university 's senate and academic community in general . mailing address : prof . dr . ir . haryono semangun ketua umum dewan pengurus yayasan perguruan tinggi kristen satya wacana ( board of trustees satya wacana christian university ) jl . diponegoro 52-60 salatiga 50711 indonesia phones : ( 62 ) ( 298 ) - , 81362 , 81363 , 81364 fax : ( 62 ) ( 298 ) 81420 telex : 22364 ukswsa ia for more information , e-mail : amrih widodo at awidodo @ facstaff . uwisc . edu heri akhmadi at jpnn @ clark . net
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587,"Subject: "" designing "" dialects
 
 the following appeared in a recent theater program : "" k . c . ligon ( dialects ) de signed the dialects for mccarter 's productions of the matchmaker , cat on a hot tin roof . . . . . "" i ' ve never encountered the term "" designed "" as applied to dialec ts or to dialect coaching in the theater . is this a common usage among linguistis ? sam glucksberg ( samg @ pucc . princeton . edu )
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588,"Subject: language evolution context
 
 hello to all linguist - s ! i am "" lurking "" to ( proper use ? ) your conversations since now a good year , but , not being a linguist myself , i usually do not talk a lot . first , as a teacher of french language in taiwan , i must tell how much i feel listening to this list really brings me a lot . specially as i hold a non-prescriptive view of my own language ( contrary , i think , to the majority of teachers ( ? ) , and certainly to our embattled french ministre de la culture , mr toubon , that a lot of people in france now usually call mr . "" allgood "" : ) . i was prompted to write by the problem of the evolution of languages . . . so it is not so far from my allusion to mr . toubon with with i opened my message . . . it seems to me obvious that , ( apart from phonological evolution ) a language may evolve , at the morpho-systactic level , from acculturation , that is , influence of another , ( "" dominant "" or not ) language , in historical times , close geographically , but also through commercial contacts ( the modern times is another story - what does mean "" close "" when i can talk with you from taiwan ? ) . but i think the matter is quite more complicated that all that has been mentionned so far . . . first the chinese case seems to me very complicated and specific : a - there is a chinese "" isolat "" for about 4000 years ( quite no interaction with other cultures , except the bouddhist indian one , where it gave rise to a quite specific "" sub-language "" , mainly phonetic transcription of samskrit words into adapted-on - purpose chinese characters , but which has little to do with generic chinese , b - there is a feed-back from the ideographs , so that chinese language does n't evolve independantly from its writing since a long time , c - because the phonologic evolution of the spoken language is not directly reflected onto the writing system , which builts upon its own logic , it is possible that its laws of evolution could be very different from languages using alphabetic or syllabic systems of notation ( ? ) . more : my french is certainly influenced by the english i use on internet , and the chinese i use in day-to - day life ( to the point that i sometimes realise that , while talking to my sister in france by phone , i find myself unthinkingly telling her : "" j ' habite dans une petite hsiang derriere l ' ecole . "" ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ( i live in a little hsiang just behind the school - - "" hsiang "" being the chinese for a little alley connected to a main street ) . and having to apologize and reexplain . . . but i mainly switch between the languages , and there is little chance i create my own pidgin or creole . . . so do many taiwanese ( min-nan ) speaking people in the south of the island . . . so does it not mean that the evolution should depend on the education level of people - so that it would be differential inside a society according to , say , the social class ? there is probably as well a "" critical mass effect "" ( if france was turned into some chinese-dominant state . . . ) . is not our idea of "" homogeneity "" in evolution vitiated by the pretention of modern nation-states to generate a "" super-culture "" - through linguistic homogeneisation ? ) - i am also aware of phenomenons of resistance to acculturative evolution ( conscious or not ) as for the quebecquois telling , not "" un hot-dog "" as the french do , but "" un chien chaud "" ( toubon being in my opinion but a marginal impedement on the natural evolution , whatever direction it takes ) . . . - another exemple of the complexity of those issue would be the "" rigidification "" of a language facing a threat . it was given to me as an explanation when i was a student of kurdish , when i learnt that this language has in common with old persian an "" ergative "" ( ? ) construction for transitive verbs in past tenses , which was presented to me as a "" quite - passive "" construction . to allow for comparisons by more knowledgeable people , i will explain a little : there , the infix representing the agent is appended at the end of the verb , while the infix representing the subject is appended after the object , as : mindal-eke sew - ek - y xuward - 0 ( - eke and ek ( [ ^ e ] k ) being suffixes expressing definiteness ( eke = the ) ( child-the apple-one - he ate ) and indefiniteness respectively ( ek = a ) ) here , - y represents the child , - 0 a null infix ( there is only one apple ) , so "" the child ate the apples "" would be : mindal-eke sew - ek - y xiward-n < - - - - "" - n "" : there are several apples ( child-the apples-the - he ate-them ) so i was told at this time that this construct , which was used in old persian ( and is still used in the variety of persian spoken in afghanistan , is an archaic construction , characteristic of the periphery of the indo-iranian domain , that is , in kurdistan ( south-kurmandji , or sorani-speaking part ) , and also among the baluches , and represents a rigidification of the language due to a threat from other languages , ( so that languages at a domain periphery would sometimes evolve more slowly ) and that it has disappeared from standard modern persian . . . i would want to know if all that is still considered true , though . what do you think of it ? i guess there are as well different levels of evolution taking place simultaneously , that can be contradictory ( phonology , vocabulary , syntax . . . ) . anyway , i see several reasons why it should be difficult to infer any "" linear "" evolution of languages ( whatever fascination i feel when i read posts speaking of modelisations of 10 or 20 000 years back . . . ) on anything else that a case-by - case basis ( or does the fact that populations densities has obviously undergone a dramatic change since then , changing the dynamics of contacts . . . ? ? ? ? ) . to resume my questions : how can we ascertain that this language has had this reaction without having to resort to extra-linguistic implicit hypothesis as : homogeneity through classes , identity of evolution whatever the number of speakers would be ( lng-switching vs creolisation . . . ) , existence ( or not ) , type , and evolution of a scripting system ( * * ) etc . . . ? as i told , i am no linguist , ( neither "" linguistician "" nor philologist : ) , so i hope i did not waste your time , thus getting all your community angry at me ( ack ! - terrible perspective ) . but i will be very interested to read more about all this . friendly to all , gerard gautier ( * * ) once more , kurdish would be a good case in point , as it uses up to three different scripting systems according to the place ( latin , arabo-persian , cyrillic for the north-kurmandji , and latin and arabo-persian for sorani ) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ wen-tzao school | \ | / / gerard gautier of foreign languages | / \ \ | . . \ | \ | | _ _ > | _ / \ _ > o _ _ _ > kaohsiung - taiwan _ / _ / . . _ / ( _ s . . _ / gauier @ cc . nsysu . edu . tw ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
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589,"Subject: "" re have
 
 this is just a quick note to thank all those who have sent me information concerning ' have / hold ' , etc . in non - ie languages . i am also quite happy to continue receiving information on this subject and will soon be posting a summary of the information i have received so far . i would also like to ask if - especially for those who have already sent me information - in these languages or any others there is a connection between a construction for ' to have / possess ' and perfect aspect / past tense , compulsion or existence , even when the verb ' have ' has not come from ' hold ' . so far , i ' ve received information on the following languages : japanese basque , tamil , chinese hebrew dakota arabic finish austronesian languages and papuan crow brazilian portuguese indo - european * ghebh ' give ' > lat . habeo ' hold ' and references to works on the subject by bernd heine , e . c . traugott , w . welmers and kathleen carey . i ' ll send more exact references later with a final summary of all info ( excepting those who wish to remain anonymous ) next week . thanks again ! john peterson , kiel , germany , e-mail : gor05 @ rz . uni-kiel . d400 . de
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590,"Subject: summary of quaker language
 
 first of all , i 'd like to thank all those who sent messages , ideas , sources , etc . i was surprised at the number of "" quaker linguists "" , of which i append a list for the benefit thereof : barbara _ birch @ csufresno . edu brian _ drayton @ terc . edu t720026 @ univscvm . csd . scarolina . edu lasersoh @ ling . rochester . edu raol @ unix . york . ac . uk harolds @ u . washington . edu ligo523 @ utxvms . cc . utexas . edu if i ' ve left someone out , please excuse me , and write and tell me so . i would love to have more anecdotes , quotes , discussion , etc . the following persons suggested sources , the most frequent of which was that of richard bauman 's ( 1983 ) - let your words be few : symbolism of speaking and silence among 17th century quakers - ( cambridge : , c . u . p . ) . this is the source that got me started on my present study . keith walters tells me prof . bauman is presently at indiana university . he will presently be hearing from me . keith walters also told me about two quaker listservers , quaker - l and quaker - p [ listserv @ uiucvmd . bitnet or listserv @ vmd . cso . uiuc . edu ] and other things that open up new avenues of research for me . barbara birch is sending me her upcoming article in the international journal of the sociology of language , "" quaker plain speech : a policy of linguistic divergence . "" alan davies told me about his chapter in - styles of discourse - ( 1988 ) , n . coupland , ed ( croom helm ) , titled "" talking in silence : ministry in quaker meetings for worship . "" richard ogden wrote from york , england ( where quakerism got its start ) , to point out some of the differences between the speech of british and american friends , amongst other things . ron sutherland mentioned regna darnell 's ( 1970 ) article , "" the second person singular pronoun in english : the society of friends , "" in western canadian journal of anthropology . geert craps offerred the following sources : algermissen , k . ( 1986 ) "" quaker "" in buchberger , hoefer & rahner ( eds ) : lexikon fuer theologie und kirche - freiburg : herder verlag 8 , cols 912-12 . bauman , r . ( 1970 ) . "" aspects of 17th c . quaker rhetoric "" in quarterly journal of speech , 56 : 1 / 67-74 . wales , k . m . ( 1983 ) . "" ' thou ' and ' you ' in early modern english : brown and gilman re-appraised . "" studia linguistica 37 : 2 / 107-125 . brown , r . w . and gilman , a . ( 1960 ) . "" the pronouns of power and solidarity "" in t . a . sebeok "" s - style in language ( cambridge : mit press ) . harold schiffman , amongst other gems , gave me : bauman , r . "" speaking in the light : the role of the quaker minister "" in explorations in the ethnography of speaking , bauman and sherzer , eds . other sources i ' ve found include : shipley , elizabeth , f . ( 1991 ) . "" farewell to ' thee ' "" in napoli , jo & kegl ( eds ) - bridges between psychology and linguistics . shipley , elizabeth f . & thomas e . shipley , jr . ( 1969 ) . "" quaker children 's use of ' thee ' : a relational analysis . "" journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior 8 : 112-117 . tibbals , kate w . ( 1926 ) . "" the speech of plain friends : a preliminary survey "" - american speech 1 : 4 / 193-209 . that being the state of the messages at this time , i thank thee , and depart , unwillingly . candace zhang
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591,"Subject: sapir - whorf bibliography
 
 a colleague of mine , terry kaufman , is trying to help an undergraduate anthro student compile a bibliography of works on the sapir - whorf hypothesis . they are particularly interested in references to works done in the last 10 years or so . if anyone can send bibliographic information on this subject , please reply directly to terry at : topkat @ vms . cis . pitt . edu thanks in advance . i can post a summary later . dan everett
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592,"Subject: "" rain "" = "" falling "" + "" water "" ?
 
 i am trying to collect typological evidence to support etymology for turkic jagmur "" rain "" analysing it as jag - "" to fall "" + * - mur "" water "" , the second element being attested in manchu - tungus , korean , japanese , and possibly in mongolic . does anyone know similar examples outside of altaic ? sasha vovin avvovin @ miamiu . acs . muohio . edu
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593,"Subject: re : 5 . 1205 linguistics and imperialism
 
 for what it is worth , i remembering hearing somewhere that the old persian empire used to employ a number of translators who were competent both in the imperial language and in the language of their region to carry messages throughout the empire . presumably , this was somewhat similar to the british empire where imperial functionaries used to receive additional payments when they had passed appropriate exams in local languages . an old family friend who was district commissioner for some part of uganda used to sit in court regularly overseeing cases in customary law which were always conducted in the vernacular . these were not languages that were necessarily well-known in the fco , although he had to make regular reports back to london . although he would not have described himself as a linguist , it would seem that his work depended on an amount of ( pre-theoretical ) linguistics . tony bex
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594,"Subject: re : 5 . 1205 linguistics and imperialism
 
 further to wald and grosserhode : the idea that there is a connection between linguistics and imperialism was proposed by the norwegian linguist hans vogt ( yes , the specialist on kartvelian and other things ) in a leaflet published in 1935 , ' maalstrid og klassekamp ' [ language debate and class struggle ] . i have a brief reference to his ideas in my article on research policy in ammon , dittmar and mattheier eds . sociolinguists . an international handbook ( berlin 1988 ) , with some more references , also to explicitly opposing views ( like geoffrey sampson 's , who does n't refer to vogt directly , though ) . hartmut haberland
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595,"Subject: linguistics and imperialism
 
 it 's probably true that linguistics tends to thrive in circumstances of imperialism , but the reason is not that linguistics is inherently imperialistic by nature . when does linguistics happen ? when a society with a literate culture comes into contact with peoples speaking other languages , and takes an interest in them . imperialism provides one situation in which this can occur , but not the only one . bob hoberman rhoberman @ ccmail . sunysb . edu
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596,"Subject: research vs . performance activities and professional labels
 
 karl teeter 's remark in linguist 5-1187 , > and the ambiguity is not all that bad : think of all the > opportunities you have been offered to present an introductory > lecture on linguistics in answer to the question "" how many languages do > you speak ? "" . and also , as an occupational hazard , the linguist does often > tend to become a polyglot , willy-nilly . . . then the ambiguity > actually applies , and you can answer , "" oh , 92 "" , as eric hamp was once > reputed to do . reminded me of a similar problem i had back in the ' 70 's , before i realized i would be happier in linguistics , when i was pursuing graduate work in musicology ( for anyone unsure on the subject , i ' ll jump the gun and explain that , semantically if not morphologically , ' musicology ' is to ' music ' as ' linguistics ' is to ' language ' ) . often at social gatherings , when i would be asked ' what do you do ? ' and i would say ' i ' m a musicolo - gist ' , the next line would be , ' oh ? what instrument do you play ? ' since i was never a particularly good instrumentalist ( or more than a passable singer ) , this always struck me as a somewhat embarrassing question , but i would gamely swing into a brief explanation that musicology was a research , not a performance , activity . nowadays i often get the ' how many languages do you speak ? ' line , which is n't quite as embarrassing because i actually am fairly polyglot , and i admit that , with karl , i appreciate the opportunity to give the brief explanation . ( a couple of weeks ago i had to deal with a barber who very intelligently refused to jump to any conclusions at all and instead straight-out requested a definition of ' linguistics ' . ) best , steven dr . steven schaufele 712 west washington urbana , il 61801 217-344 - 8240 fcosws @ prairienet . org * * * * o syntagmata linguarum liberemini humanarum ! * * * * * * nihil vestris privari nisi obicibus potestis ! * * *
",0
597,"Subject: a linguist by any other name . . .
 
 given the current vigorous linguist vs linguistician debate , another potential title in the arena might not be terribly welcome , but at least it could , for a while , divert attention away from the existing debate which seems to be languishing ( i . e . getting nowhere ) . a friend of mine who is a medic suggested the nominalized form ' linguistic ' ( ' i am a linguistic ' ) , based on the model of medic / cleric . i suppose ' medic ' and ' cleric ' can occur as nominal forms on account of the derivational gap left by ' medical ' and ' clerical ' . however , ' linguistical ' has been cited , so perhaps we could shift everything across one derivation , thus allowing the sentence ' we linguistics enjoy linguistical questions ' . i hesitate to suggest ' linguisticine ' as the name of our subject . a r linn department of languages and linguisticine , u of luton
",0
598,"Subject: "" linguist / - ician "" : a new slant .
 
 i have been quite happy so far to sit back and let the discourse about the relative merits of the terms "" linguist "" and "" linguistician "" unfold unhampered by any intervention from me . i am , first and foremost , a lover of language ( s ) ; a person who studies language ( s ) , their history and their "" idiosyncrasies "" . i call myself a "" linguist "" . i might add that i do not myself fully understand the theories propounded by those who call themselves "" linguist [ ician ] s "" ( in the sense of someone engaged in "" linguistics "" , that is ) , nor do i really care what precisely they choose to call themselves ( or their area of study ) . do "" physicists "" and "" physicians "" have the same argument , i wonder ? ! i doubt it . quite coincidentally of this discourse , enid wai - ching mok ( < enid @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu > ) circulated recently a questionnaire for information on the terms "" linguist "" and "" linguistics "" in various languages . i happened upon an entry in her summary supposedly explaining the two russian terms "" jazykoved "" ( linguist ) and "" jazykoznanie "" ( linguistics ) . these were offered by a certain woody mott also of < uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu > : they were so infelicitous in their detail and ill construed in their interpretation that i was impelled to reply to this entry and ( as a "" linguist "" ) correct certain misconceptions . allow me to summarise : notwithstanding the argument whether these words are current or not in russian , i think an explanation of their etymology may be of some use to the general discourse on the merits of "" linguist "" vs . "" linguistician "" . the word "" jazykoved "" is composed of 2 roots : "" jazyk "" , meaning "" tongue "" or "" language "" and "" ved "" , meaning "" knowledgeable person "" ( cognates for "" ved "" ( < old russian "" vedeti "" ( e = the vowel ' jat ' ) ) "" knowing person "" , pace woody mott , are sanskrit "" ve : da "" , gothic "" wait "" , and english "" wit "" ) . the "" - o - "" is here merely a link vowl . a suitable english calque on the russian term , therefore , would be "" tongue-wit "" . this , in turn , reminded me of an article some years ago in which "" saxonist "" terms were advanced in favour of "" latinate "" heresies in the english - speaking world . thus , we have foreword for "" preface "" ( the argument here goes back to 1842 ) ; bodeful for "" ominous "" ; birdlore for "" ornithology "" , etc . , etc . i ' m sure we are bounded only by time and our imaginations as to other suggestions . mindful of the fact that there are probably many among you who are staunch adherents of the "" latinate "" tradition , and not wishing in any way to alienate or belittle that corpus of english vocabulary , i should , nevertherless , like to propose two alternatives to "" linguist "" and "" linguistics "" based on the "" saxonist "" principles above . tongue-wit ( noun ) "" a person versed / skilled in [ the study of ] language ( s ) "" tongue-lore ( noun ) "" the study of language ( s ) "" i leave it to the individual "" linguist [ ician ] "" to choose whether these terms are suited to their own area of study . i think that the "" saxonist "" terms do have the advantage at least of smacking of down - to-earth prurience and a lack of self-importance . a similar term "" tonguester "" , suggested earlier , is an admirable alternative . i for one am quite happy to call myself a "" tongue-wit "" engaged in "" tongue - lore "" - - others , i hope , will follow and leave the "" linguist [ ician ] s "" to sort themselves out . tony hall . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tony hall * * * department of russian language * * * university of birmingham * * * edgbaston tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 21 414 3227 * * * birmingham b15 2tt fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 21 414 5966 * * * united kingdom email : a . r . hall @ bham . ac . uk * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
599,"Subject: re : 5 . 1196 corpus analysis of - body / - one
 
 it seems to me altogether possible , even likely , that there is the following interaction , namely , that the particular lexical form < everybody > has come to acquire , for many speakers certainly ( me , for instance , a quasi native speaker , and i share ellen prince 's intuition concerning her sentence # 1 ) a distinctly collective sense , whereas < every - one > maintains , again for these speakers at least , a distributive sense , at least as a living option . thus 1 ' . everybody came , bringing their respective wives . seems especially good , though , oddly enough maybe , this instantiates the special claim that , for this particular lexical - body item , the formal / informal register distinction has at least contextually ? ) collapsed . now , it seems plausible , but no more than that in the present state of knowledge ( or of ignorance ) that there is a more underlying interaction , namely , that there may be something more naturally colloquial about using a collective rather than a distributed plural when an option presents itself . actually , this follows from an algebraic , non - fregean view of quantification , which i have written on but cannot go into ion this message , save to indicate summarily that it is a capital mistakme to imagine that , for instance , the same semantical reopresentation ought to apply , even for logico-deductive applications , to say , < each / every > and < all > , respectively . thus , invoking a correspndence that i shall not unpack here , i . everybody brought their wives / * everybody brought his wife i ' . they all brought their ( respective ) wives / each man brought his wife . ii . * each man brought their wives / they each brought their ( respective ) wives . this surely suggests , does it not , that the interaction under review is distinctly asymmetrical ( or , i think , rather , non-symmetrical ) , for , the < each > form of quantification , by logical entailment of a fairly obvious kind ( from the distributed , that is , serial , meaning , to the collective / mass , can take a collective sense , whereas the reverse ( you cannot non-arbitrarily unpack a mass b ecause there is no algorithm in this direction correspnding to the seial addition inherent in the other direction ) is not available . all , then , ( and the other collective-sense quantifiers and the nominals that condense such quantifiers ( as in the body cases ) quantiify , i . e . , select as a choice function , over a power set , choosing the element equivalent to the improper 's ubset of the whole ' . each - type quantification is over the elements of a set , taking the index ' i ' ranging , algebraically , successively from 1 ( or , in some cases , 0 ) to n , the cardinality of the set in question . f . k . l . chit hlaing
",0
600,"Subject: re : 5 . 1196 corpus analysis of - body / - one
 
 in my dissertation ( 1993 : a theoretical and descriptive study of epicene pronouns ) i analyzed a corpus of 24 us tv talkshows . i got 16 examples of nps with "" every "" coreferent with a pronoun . the distribution of the nominal element can be found below : 10 - body 3 - one 3 lexical nominal ( s ) the lexical nominals were "" member , "" "" grand jury and trial witness , "" and "" sales person in the store . "" in addition one of the cases with - body was "" everybody involved "" and another was "" everybody else . "" so far this seems to be along the lines discussed by ellen prince and jane edwards . where my data varies is that in every case the coreferent pronoun was they , as was incidently the case with each and no . as far as the analysis is concerned , my results , not just from quantifiers but from nps with other specifiers , indicated that there are various factors at work in the selection of the pronoun , as indeed edwards argues . the following seemed important : notional plurality : obviously the case with every , no , and each . in some cases a singular pronoun is impossible when there is plural semantics and formal singularity , as is well known from studies of quantifier scope . even however when it is structurally possible , the use of singular pronoun can be awkward as prince intuited , though i suspect more than just the nominal element of the compound is involved . in any case , in two out of the three everyone cases was clearly outside the scope , so the plural pronoun was inevitable . in the third case it was in a parenthetical ( from donahue ) and i ' m not sure of the fine points regarding the formal semantics : "" since i do n't know how everyone develops , what their sexual attraction is , you could easily have been into infantilism , or purple handkerchiefs , or same sex experiences "" gender stereotypes : this issue did n't arise with every cases , since all were with they , but in others i found that stereotypically male generic referents ( e . g participant in congressional sex scandals , and lumberjacks ) more frequently received the pronoun he with other types of antecedents . individuation : this is a rather fuzzy , but i think inevitable , semantic category that refers to the degree with which interlocutors are using a referent as an individual versus how that referent is being used as a generic . the fuzziness is necessary because logical real existence does not map into our everyday reference . a personification ( discussed with regards to pronouns by mcconnell - ginet ) is a generic referent treated as if it were an individual . the opposite case , a real person or thing treated as a generic also exists and is discussed with regard to definiteness by talmy givon . i found a couple of cases like this . from a geraldo , the reference is to princess grace : "" how do you fall in love with somebody at a photo opportunity , not see them for eight months and the next time you see them you ' re engaged . "" from a different geraldo : "" i heard , - saw someone run by and they were screaming . "" individuation is clearly the same thing that jane edwards noticed in her point about how singular pronouns are associated with specific people . and similar point was also made by pinker in the language instinct in the chapter on prescription . i found the best analysis of the whole issue can be made by adopting the agreement theory developed by michael barlow in his ' 88 dissertation a situated theory of agreement published last year in the outstanding dissertations series . anybody else have any data ? michael newman dept . of educational theory & practice the ohio state university mnewman @ magnus . acs . ohio-state . edu
",0
601,"Subject: more data on - body / - one
 
 i can't refuse jane anything . here is some more data , just in from the british national corpus . ( well , actually only from a very small 1 % sample of it ) corpus size : 625 , 000 written and 182 , 000 spoken words ( as defined by claws ) proportional raw frequencies for some common - one / - body words : written spoken total anyone : anybody 57 : 31 17 : 32 74 : 63 someone : somebody 72 : 38 36 : 64 108 : 101 no-one : nobody 18 : 57 2 : 18 20 : 75 everyone : everybody 81 : 43 12 : 23 93 : 66 what i find interesting here is the * absence * of any strong evidence for preferences for - one or - body form ( excepting the pathological case of "" no-one "" ) when you look at the whole corpus , rather than separating out the spoken and written component parts . i ' m optimistically interpreting that as evidence that in the corpus as a whole we ' ve got a good spread of textual variety . i ' ll repeat the analysis on the whole bnc when we ' ve finished building its index . . . lou burnard p . s . i looked for "" no one "" too - - it appears only once , in a sentence beginning "" no one person would . . . ""
",0
602,"Subject: summary : doctoral programs in applied linguistics
 
 several weeks ago i posted a query about doctoral programs in applied linguistics . i received 9 responses . thanks to all the respondents . the responses are organized below . note that there were no responses from georgetown or ucla , though they were mentioned in one response . michael toolan < toolan @ u . washington . edu > we do n't have an entirely separate program in applied linguistics , but we do , within our english dept . , provide a concentration of courses in language and discourse studies , leading to the ph . d . we ' re particularly equipped to supervise dissertations in a ) rhetorical and composition theory and b ) discourse analysis . among students taking up these options are ones who have completed our ma in tesol . michael toolan ( dept of english , u of washington , seattle ) robert port < port @ cs . indiana . edu > depends on what she means by applied linguistics . indiana university has a program in this area . it is focussed especially on teaching english as a second language but also offers training in topics like lexicography , creoles , sociolinguistics , etc . if she wants a phd , it would be in linguistics . request information from : department of linguistics , 323 memorial hall indiana university bloomington , in 47405 812-855 - 6459 lingdept @ indiana . edu stanley dubinsky < dubinsk @ univscvm . csd . scarolina . edu > greetings . your friend might want to consider applying to the linguistics program here at the university of south carolina . the linguistics programhere is an interdepartmental program , involving 13 core faculty from seven depts ( including english , french , spanish , anthro , phil , psych , and speech path ) . we have about 60 graduate students , most of whom are specializing in sla theory / esl . other popular specializations here include general sociolinguistics , discourse / conversation analysis , code-switching , and dialect studies . there are three things that might make this program attractive to your friend ( besides the winter weather - - or lack thereof ) : ( i ) the involvement of faculty from diverse departments creates a wealth of potential avenues of research for our students , ( ii ) despite its interdisciplinary nature , the program requirements have a strong emphasis on core areas of theoretical linguistics , and ( iii ) we have just hired a new sla theoretician into the program . if you or she / he has any questions , i would be pleased to answer them . best , stan dubinsky * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * stanley dubinsky e - mail : dubinsk @ univscvm . csd . scarolina . edu * * linguistics program phone : 803-777 - 2056 * * u of south carolina fax : 803-777 - 9064 * * columbia , sc 29208 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * one anonymous respondent suggested that uc berkeley has or used to have a flexible system whereby a student could create their own program . this person also suggested penn state for educational linguistics and the university of hawai ' i at mano ' a . "" sarah g . thomason "" < sally @ isp . pitt . edu > pitt has a specialty in applied linguistics within the ph . d . program in linguistics - - but students with little interest in linguistics per se are better off in an applied linguistics ph . d . program , of which there are quite a few : ucla and hawaii may be the most prominent . carnegie mellon university just announced a new one ; their faculty is small but good , but financial aid is likely ( i gather ) only for people with native-like fluency in french , german , spanish , or japanese . i think usc ( = southern calif . ) has a ph . d . program in applied ling . , but i may be wrong - - maybe it 's like ours , linguistics with a specialization track in app . ling . likewise the u . of delaware . - - sally alan juffs < juffs @ isp . pitt . edu > the university of pittsburgh offers a phd in applied linguistics . i believe it is a very strong program , since it gives students a thorough training in linguistics , as well as the opportunity to actually work in applied areas . students are currently funded through the english language institute as well as various research projects which do not relate to language teaching . the applied program is particularly strong in the field of second language acquisition , both ug oriented and cognitive approaches . in addition , we also offer courses in language planning , sociolinguistics , and languages in contact . please do n't hesitate to write for further information . alan juffs admissions officer | alan juffs | tel : ( 412 ) 624 3750 | | dept . of linguistics | fax : ( 412 ) 624 6130 | | 2831 cl | e-mail : juffs @ isp . pitt . edu | | university of pittsburgh | _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | | pittsburgh , pa 15260 | | | usa | | marina mcintire < mmcintir @ lynx . dac . neu . edu > the program at bu in applied linguistics is a pretty good one . for one thing , there 's the asl connection which is a strong one . it 's pretty far on the theoretical side , but still . . . . . ricky jacobs hi , susie [ sic ] , a voice from the past . the program here that is the direct counterpart of the applied program at ucla is called , for political reasons , the ph . d . in sla , though it covers much more . it 's housed in esl here and now has quite a few people recognized as "" stars "" . for details , check with : professor charlene sato , chair ph . d . program in sla department of english as a second language university of hawai ' i at manoa 1890 east - west road honolulu , hi 96822 ali aghbar < aaghbar @ grove . iup . edu > we have a ph . d . program in rhetoric and linguistics . students can choose concentrations in composition or tesol . they can enroll year round or summers only . for more information , contact : director graduate programs in rhetoric and linguistics department of english indiana university of pa indiana , pa 15705 susan fischer | internet : sdfncr @ rit . edu national technical institute for the deaf | phone : ( 716 ) 475-6558 rochester institute of technology | fax : ( 716 ) 475-6500 52 lomb memorial drive | basic food groups : popcorn , rochester , ny 14623-0887 | tofu , bok choy , & chocolate
",0
603,"Subject: "" politically correct "" : summary
 
 on wed , 21 sep 1994 , i posted the following query : > in vol . 5 . 1022 rex a . sprouse wrote > > in terms of the politics of the discussion [ of the term > "" informant "" ] , i think that in the united states we have seen a > kind of orwellian development with the use of the term > "" politically correct "" as a pejorative term . > > based on dim personal recollections , my sense of the latter term > is that "" politically correct "" first surfaced in english in maoist > literature . there it was used with a straight face , since > correctness was viewed as being , like everything else , subject to > constant definition and redefinition by the party . i recall > feeling that this world-view implicit in the phrase was so > contradictory to democratic ideals that only a person who accepted > political authority over truth could possibly use it without > ironic intent . > > does anyone have any more concrete data on the history of this > politically loaded expression ? > i received replies from eight people ; i reproduce them below . i apologize for the long delay in publishing these . mark a . mandel dragon systems , inc . : speech recognition : + 1 617 965-5200 320 nevada st . : newton , mass . 02160 , usa : mark @ dragonsys . com p . s . : this document was dictated with dragondictate v2 . 0 . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = i first heard "" pc "" ( in the relevant sense ) in one of two ( possibly three places ) : hartford courant , new york times , chicago sun - times . there was a story relating to an incident where a job applicant was being interviewed for a job . he was denied . there was some question as to why - - this is before affirmative action helped explain such matters . he demanded to see all relevant materials . he inquired into the significance of the comment written at the bottom corner of his application "" not pc . "" he was a conservative . it "" came out "" that it meant not politically correct . whether there was legal action , i do n't know . these are the best of my recollections of the story i read years ago . as for myself , i do n't know whether it is pc to deny that pc is pc , or to invert the current meaning , or to deny it makes any sense . until it is cleared up . i will not broach the matter with my superiors . i do n't have to , it is a free country : / steven = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the term seems to have entered common use in anglophone canada first of all as social democrat teasing of the maoists and the stalinists for their pomposity . "" correct analysis "" could be used in the same way , as in , "" you have the correct analysis , comrade , "" for "" i agree with you . "" this could be said only to other socialists , of course ; the totalitarian left never got the joke . "" politically correct "" was - and in safe company still is - used by the democratic left in self-mockery , as in : "" we have politically correct fruit salad tonight , _ no _ california grapes . "" the term seems to have become pejorative as it has been taken over by people who are incapable of seeing the comic side of their own ideals . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = but notice that today the american right uses the term as a pejorative term for virtually any notion with any kind of ethical motivation . in so doing , the right derides not maoism , but the ideology of classical liberal democracy society , where redefinition does not occur by the party running a one-party state , but by free and open exchange of ideas , and where ethical concerns ( as well as pragmatic concerns ) are relevant . rex sprouse [ whose comment prompted my original question - - mam ] = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = i imagine the list is going to be inundated with opinions about political correctness for a while now . it should be interesting to see how the linguistics community feels about this issue . i ' m young enough that i was completely unaware of the connection of the term with maoism . i can tell you , however , that it is currently being used on college campuses by certain groups with no ironic intention . nowadays , what is politically correct is anything , particularly language , that is not sexist , racist , heterosexist , lookist , ageist , ableist , etc . the groups fighting these - isms tend to use the term quite straightforwardly to refer to what they believe is the only accepted way to be . it seems to me that the current situation mr . sprouse mentioned has resulted from the near-fascist enforcement tactics of these special interest groups and the mangling of language that pc results in , rather than any historic reasons . benjamin moore japan electronic dictionary research institute ltd . kawasaki , japan ben @ edr5r . edr . co . jp = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = a few years ago when reading krushchev 's secret speech in which he denounced stalin for the first time ( at the 1956 communist party congress ) , i noticed the use of a term in russian that could be translated as "" politically correct . "" while denouncing stalin , krushchev maintained a belief in the "" politically correct "" - - which stalin obviously was n't . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = re : mark mandel 's inquiry about the origins of "" politically correct "" : ric dolphin 's not politically correct ( 1992 ) confirms mark 's belief that the term originated in the thoughts of mao tse tung . dolphin states that its first use in the u . s . was by angela davis in 1971 when she argued that there could be no "" opposing argument to an issue which has only one correct side . "" then in 1975 , the then-president of the national organization of women said that organization was moving in "" the intellectually and politically correct direction . "" the 1971 quotation seems to confirm mark 's view that only those who accept political authority over the quest for truth could use the term with no ironic intent . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = i first heard "" pc / politically correct "" in the early 80s used wryly and humorously about themselves by people trying to live lives of some modicum of independence from agribusiness and the consumption of fossil fuel . i was really sorry to see it turned from gentle humor to the grim tool it has become in the hands of demagogues . f . karttunen v = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = dear mark , i do n't know where the term "" politically correct "" first entered english , but the etymology you give would certainly be consistent with my experience . back in the early ' 80s i knew "" politically correct "" as a term that leftists might use to poke fun at those whose ( putatively leftist ) politics seemed too doctrinaire . later , various writers , commentators , and politicians hostile to the left seized on the term as if it had been used seriously - - in other words , as if there had been leftists ( in the us ) who applied the term to themselves without irony . now , what had been something of an inside leftwing joke has been turned into a weapon brandished against the left . for example , in 1982 , say , a leftist might have blown off steam about some dogmatic person or organization by characterizing her or it as "" politically correct . "" but now i hear the term used by non-leftists , often to evoke an image of rigid leftist / multi-culturalist / academic types taking over our institutions and seeking to control our minds - - as if such a move were afoot , and as if the left had that much power . at this point , if "" politically correct "" ever regains an ironic connotation , perhaps it will be as a word that makes fun of the political right . for example , sometimes i hear people call each other "" commie "" or "" pinko "" in a manner whose real intent is to make fun of the prejudices of anti-communists . i could imagine that "" politically correct "" might one day be used similarly . sincerely , seth
",0
604,"Subject: summary : taps / flaps
 
 taps / flaps : summary : not long ago i asked about dialectal variation in english taps ( sometimes called flaps ) for < t > . many thanks to the thirty or so respondents , who i will name only where i cite them . * environments * there was general agreement that the trager description was not ( or , possibly , was no longer ) accurate , although one respondent suggested that his description might fit southern us accents better than northern ones . flapping / tapping of a word-final < t > before a stressed syllable is possible for most of those who responded . some varieties are reported to be leniting the flap further , possibly to zero . various speakers , however , had noted flaps / taps in other people 's dialects which sounded odd to them , eg in words like _ button _ and _ eighteen _ . both of these seem to be ok here ( at least on iambic-reversal 18 ) . the most thorough suggestion came from ian mackay : > an intervocalic t or d is flapped as long as the following syllable ( ie , > the syllable containing the second of the two vowels that the t or d is > "" inter "" ) does not carry primary stress , and that the second vowel does > not carry significantly more stress than the first vowel , and with > the proviso that word boundaries may block the phenomenon ( but do n't > ask me to specify the nature of those word boundaries ! ! ! ) . one ( british ) respondent said that in their dialect , tapping / flapping seemed to be lexically determined , not determined by phonetic environment , so that a flap / tap was possible in _ witty _ but not _ pretty _ , in _ british _ but not in _ skittish _ . and don churma brought in the spectre of morphological conditioning , which might also account for the examples above : > in fact , there are still further details that most folks > seem to be unaware of , like the relevance of "" level 2 "" morpheme > boundaries ( cf . my flapped / t / before the secondarily stressed / i / in > ( deadjectival ) "" elitism "" vs . aspirated / t / in ( denominal ) "" magnetism "" ) . at least all these different aspects of the problem make it clear why it is so hard to describe properly . * syllable - final , syllable-initial or ambisyllabic ? * alice turk reports that her experiments suggest that an ambisyllabic analysis is the most explanatory . this is also reported as the solution used by kahn . other respondents argued for syllable-initial ( on the grounds that for them syllable-final was always glottalised ) or syllable-final ( on the grounds that voiceless taps / flaps also occurred , but only in clear syllable-final position or that clearly syllable-initial / t / s were always aspirated ) . as john harris remarked : > as to the coda-vs - onset issue , i ' m sure you 'd agree , the competition is not > going to be resolved by simply inspecting the data ( or even listening to it ) , > since codas and onsets are not present in them . it 's a matter of comparing > the two theories . i could n't agree more , especially since i am aware of conflicting definitions of ambisyllabicity in the literature on dependency phonology . * references : * harris , john 1990 phonology 7 , harris john & kaye 1990 the linguistic review harris , john 1994 english sound structure ( blackwell ) chapter 4 jensen , john english phonology , kahn , daniel , 1976 syllable - based generalizations in english . dissertation . olive , j . p . , a . greenwoord , & j . coleman . 1993 . acoustics of american english speech . springer - verlag picard , marc ( 1984 ) "" english aspiration and flapping revisited "" . canadian journal of linguistics 29 : 42-57 . turk , a . ( 1993 ) effects of position - in - syllable and stress on consonant articulation . cornell ph . d . dissertation zue , v . & m . laferriere . 1979 . acoustic study of medial / t , d / in american english . j . acoust . soc . am . 66 : 1039-1050 . laurie . bauer @ vuw . ac . nz department of linguistics , victoria university , po box 600 , wellington , new zealand ph : + 64 4 472 1000 x 8800 fax : + 64 4 471 2070
",0
605,"Subject: summary : basic order ( and remarks on typology )
 
 last week i asked for references to discussions of a problem that comes up in linguistic typology : when there are conflicting or ambiguous criteria for deciding whether a particular language is a particular ' type ' with respect to some feature ( word order , clause alignment , or whatever ) , how does one decide how to assign that language ? i would like to thank the following for their helpful replies : george huttar , yehuda falk , dan everett , larry trask , jon aske , mike maxwell , mark newson , bill croft , georgia green , ingo plag , randy harris , and andrew carstairs - mccarthy . i was quite surprised at the small amount of published attention that there is to this problem . i was pointed to short discussions ( no more than a couple pages ) in some of the major works devoted to typology : the seminal greenberg paper , comrie 's ' language universals and linguistic typology ' , croft 's ' typology and universals ' , and hawkins ' ' word order universals ' . it was also suggested that i look at doris payne 's ' the pragmatics of word order ' and to papers on yagua by payne and dan everett and on tzotzil by judith aissen . what prompted my query was a reading of johanna nichols ' linguistic diversity in space and time , which i found extremely impressive . but all through it i had an uneasy feeling caused by her pigeon-holeing languages as ' svo ' , ' head-marking ' , ' active-stative ' , or whatever . since so many languages are * not * transparently one particular ' type ' on the surface , i wondered what the basis for these type-characterizations was . there is no general answer given to this question for an obvious reason : neither nichols or anyone else could have profound first-hand knowledge of more than a small handful of the 174 languages in the data base . i suspect that in most cases nichols could not know what criteria were applied to type a language in the sources she consulted , because many sources are insufficiently explicit on that point or take as self-evident some categorization that another would take as controversial or simply wrong . ( consider , for example , her typing french as vso . ) there were , to be sure , cases where nichols threw out some language from the sample of some particular feature because of its obvious ambiguous status with respect to that feature . but doing so could have created more problems than it solved . as both aske and croft pointed out in their postings to me , if a language is ' inconsistent ' with respect to a particular feature , that too is typological data ; data moreover that could be highly relevant to conclusions about stability and diversity over time . in a sample of 174 languages , misassignment of several languages within a category with a 3 - way division could lead to rather different conclusions . likewise , so would postulating a different set of categories or having categories specifically for ' mixed ' types . this is beginning to sound like a critique of nichols , but i do n't mean it to be . rather , it is more a commentary on the shaky art of typological pigeon-holeing that underlies not just conclusions about language prehistory , but also much functionalist theorizing and - - increasingly - - generative theorizing as well . there is also the question of sample * size * . typologists strive , quite reasonably , to correct for genetic and areal biases in their samples ( the most heroic effort along these lines that i know of is dryer 's work ) . but how confident can we be of any attempt to eliminate bias from the sample , given nichols ' conclusions that influences can extend half-way around the globe ? and does n't that present a challenge to purported explanations of the relative frequency of some typological feature , which are common in the functionalist literature and increasingly so in the generative ? so much could be the result of historical accident on the one hand and contact and descent on the other , rather than the product of ' external ' functional forces or the design of ug . the smaller the sample of languages where mutual influence or common descent is not a possibility , the more likely that some implicational typological relation is artifactual . and the more reason we have to think that there are a lot of typologically possible but - - purely by chance - - nonexisting languages . fritz newmeyer fjn @ u . washington . edu ps : with respect to the last point , alan bell has shown that if some feature appears in 1 % of the world 's languages ( say , 40-50 languages ) , it will show up only about 50 % of the time in a random sample of 75 languages . you 'd need a sample of over 200 languages before it could be counted on to show up 90 % of the time . and we are assuming here , utterly counterfactually , that there are no genetic relations or areal influences between languages .
",0
606,"Subject: eskimo snow
 
 david prager branner asks : > there is talk again on the linguist list about the "" great eskimo snow > hoax "" . i may be imagining things , but the people who talk about this > never seem to be specialists in eskimo languages . i would like to hear > from an inuit or tlingit specialist on just what the snow situation > really is in these languages . . . . geoffrey k . pullum , in _ the great eskimo vocabulary hoax _ ( chicago , 1991 ) , pp . 168-171 , reports the results of his consultation with anthony woodbury , a bona fide expert on yupik eskimo , and provides the following statement for use at cocktail parties : "" let it be known that professor anthony woodbury ( department of linguistics , university of texas , austin , texas 78712 ) is prepared to endorse the claim that the central alaskan yupik eskimo language has about a dozen words ( even a couple of dozen if you are fairly liberal about what you count ) for referring to snow and to related natural phenomena , events , or behavior . "" this is , he adds , "" not remarkably different in size from the list in english . "" - - victor golla the society for the study of the indigenous languages of the americas gollav @ axe . humboldt . edu
",0
607,"Subject: re : eskimo "" snow ""
 
 in response to david branner , the point about eskimo snow words was not that there are supposed to be ways of describing various kinds of snow if one wants to but that there is supposedly ( acc . to the myth-makers ) a large number of distinct words with no cover terms corresponding to our 's now ' . so the example of english having lots of words for kinds of boats is not apposite because we also have cover terms like ' boat ' and 's hip ' . likewise , mongolian and horses , and so on . in this sense , west greenlandic anyway has two words , one meaning ' falling snow ' , the other ' fallen snow ' , which is exactly the same as the situation in classical greek ! ! ! ! !
",0
608,"Subject: ' snow ' lexemes in yup ' ik
 
 in linguist vol-5 - 1231 , david prager branner writes : > there is talk again on the linguist list about the "" great eskimo snow > hoax "" . > > . . . i would like to hear from an inuit > or tlingit specialist on just what the snow situation really is in these > languages . frankly , i find it rather hard to believe . > > rural southern chinese dialects have lots of words for different kinds of > rice , . . . > . . . > so why should n't inuit > have a dozen or more words for different kinds of cold precipitation ? when geoff pullum 's book , ' the great eskimo vocabulary hoax , ' came out , i started getting quite a number of inquiries from journalists about "" words for 's now ' in eskimo . "" that motivated me to prepare the appended item . please feel free to pass it around . tony woodbury * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * counting eskimo words for snow : a citizen 's guide lexemes referring to snow and snow-related notions in steven a . jacobson 's ( 1984 ) yup ' ik eskimo dictionary [ 1 ] anthony c . woodbury university of texas at austin july 1991 this is a list of lexemes referring to snow and related notions in one eskimo language , central alaskan yupik ( or just yup ' ik eskimo ) . it is spoken by about 13 , 000 people in the coast and river areas of southwestern alaska from norton sound to bristol bay . it is one of five eskimo languages . ( of these five , probably the best-known is inuit , spoken in a series of well-differentiated dialects ranging from northern alaska , all across the canadian far north , and up to the coast of greenland . while the term inuit is preferred to eskimo by many in canada , the term is retained here because ( a ) it properly refers to any eskimo group , not only the inuit ; and ( b ) its use is widespread in native communities in alaska . ) this is a list of lexemes rather than of words . roughly , a lexeme can be thought of as an independent vocabulary item or dictionary entry . it 's different from a word since a lexeme can give rise to more than one distinctly inflected word . thus english has a single lexeme _ speak _ which gives rise to inflected forms like _ speaks _ , _ spoke _ , and _ spoken _ . it 's especially important to count lexemes rather than words when talking about eskimo languages . that 's because they are inflectionally so complicated that each single noun lexeme may have about 280 distinct inflected forms , while each verb lexeme may have over 1000 ! obviously , that would put the number of snow words through the roof very quickly . the list is organized according to lexeme * meanings * . perhaps somewhat arbitrarily i have counted fifteen of them , placing within each of them noun and / or verb lexemes having the same basic sense . and perhaps even more arbitrarily , i ' ve grouped these fifteen meanings into four larger sets . but the most arbitrary decision of all is left to the discretion of the reader-the decision of how to count the lexemes themselves . here are some of the problems you face : ( a ) are all fifteen lexeme meanings really 's now ' - meanings ? that is , do words with these meanings really count for you as words for snow ? [ 2 ] ( b ) there are some synonyms present - - alternative lexemes with the same meaning , like garbage vs . trash in english . are you going to count them separately , or together ? ( c ) if you decided to count synonyms together , will you also count together both of the members of noun-verb pairs having basically the same meaning ? ( the members are , technically speaking , separate lexemes since partly idiosyncratic morphological changes mark the verbal forms , and must therefore be listed separately in any truly informative dictionary , as indeed jacobson 's dictionary does . ) ( d ) following jacobson , i ' ve specially labelled those lexemes that only occur in a small subpart of the central alaskan yupik - speaking region . are you going to try to make counts for each separate dialect ? if yes , you will wonder if you really have enough information to do so . ( you ' re not alone in this-such information is difficult to compile , whether or not you are a linguist , and also whether or not you are a native speaker of a language . ) [ 3 ] a . snow particles ( 1 ) snowflake qanuk 's nowflake ' qanir - ' to snow ' qanunge - ' to snow ' [ nun ] qanugglir - ' to snow ' [ nun ] ( 2 ) frost kaneq ' frost ' kaner - ' be frosty / frost sth . ' ( 3 ) fine snow / rain particles kanevvluk ' fine snow / rain particles kanevcir - to get fine snow / rain particles ( 4 ) drifting particles natquik 'd rifting snow / etc ' natqu ( v ) igte - ' for snow / etc . to drift along ground ' ( 5 ) clinging particles nevluk ' clinging debris / nevlugte - ' have clinging debris / . . . ' lint / snow / dirt . . . ' b . fallen snow ( 6 ) fallen snow on the ground aniu [ ns ] 's now on ground ' aniu - [ ns ] ' get snow on ground ' apun [ ns ] 's now on ground ' qanikcaq 's now on ground ' qanikcir - ' get snow on ground ' ( 7 ) soft , deep fallen snow on the ground muruaneq 's oft deep snow ' ( 8 ) crust on fallen snow qetrar - [ nsu ] ' for snow to crust ' qerretrar - [ nsu ] ' for snow to crust ' ( 9 ) fresh fallen snow on the ground nutaryuk ' fresh snow ' [ hbc ] ( 10 ) fallen snow floating on water qanisqineq 's now floating on water ' c . snow formations ( 11 ) snow bank qengaruk 's now bank ' [ y , hbc ] ( 12 ) snow block utvak 's now carved in block ' ( 13 ) snow cornice navcaq [ nsu ] 's now cornice , snow ( formation ) about to collapse ' navcite - ' get caught in an avalanche ' d . meterological events ( 14 ) blizzard , snowstorm pirta ' blizzard , snowstorm ' pircir - ' to blizzard ' pirtuk ' blizzard , snowstorm ' ( 15 ) severe blizzard cellallir - , cellarrlir - ' to snow heavily ' pir ( e ) t ( e ) pag - ' to blizzard severely ' pirrelvag - ' to blizzard severely ' appendix : an unordered list of english snow lexemes avalanche blizzard blowing snow dusting flurry frost hail hardpack ice lens igloo ( inuit iglu ' house ' ) pingo ( inuit pingu ( q ) ' ice lens ' ) powder sleet slushsnow snow bank snow cornice snow fort snow house snow man snow-mixed - with-rain ? snowflake snowstorm others ? footnotes 1 . published by alaska native language center , university of alaska , fairbanks . 2 . the indeterminacy and difficulty of this question is due to the fact that words do n't merely match pre-existing things in the world . rather , they shape and encapsulate ideas about things - - how they are categorized ( compare dog vs . canine ) , how we are interacting with them ( compare sheep vs . mutton ) , how the word functions grammatically ( compare the noun cow vs . the adjective bovine ) , and how we wish to represent our attitudes about them ( compare critter vs . varmint ) . it was in connection with this point that discussion of eskimo words for snow first arose ( in the writings of two major 20th century anthropological linguists , franz boas and benjamin lee whorf ) . unfortunately , their point has been pretty much missed by those who insist on counting . 3 . here are the dialect area abbreviations used : ns norton sound dialect nsu norton sound , unaliq subdialect hbc hooper bay - chevak y yukon river area subdialect of general central alaskan yupik dialect nun nunivak
",0
609,"Subject: internet - accessible linguistic data-sources
 
 subscribers have asked us to compile a list of linguistic resources which are available on the internet and on world wide web , and to make that list generally available through the linguist file and web servers . we ' ve also been asked to compile a list of linguistic departments and programs which have either web servers , or information accessible through gopher or ftp . we ' re happy to do this - - we think it would be very useful resource for subscribers - - but we need you to help us , by providing the information that file will contain . these resources can be of any nature : they can be ftp ' able files containing linguistic data , places where gopher servers having access to linguistic files exist , or documents available through web servers . we ' ve appended the list of linguistic resources we have so far . we know this is incomplete . can you help us find what 's missing - - and keep us informed of anything new that appears as time passes ? regards anthony & helen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * programs and departments * * * * * brown university , rhode island url : http : / / www . cog . brown . edu / carnegie mellon university , languages and linguistics . url : http : / / english-server . hss . cmu . edu / langs . html georgetown university , department of linguistics . url : http : / / www . georgetown . edu / cball / gu _ lx . html goteborg university ( computational linguistics ) url : http : / / www . cling . gu . se / lajos kossuth university , center for applied linguistics url : http : / / multi . arts . klte . hu / lancaster university , department of linguistics and modern english language . url : http : / / eisv01 . lancs . ac . uk / ohio state university , columbus , ohio . department of linguistics . url : http : / / ling . ohio-state . edu university of arizona , department of linguistics . url : http : / / www . arizona . edu / academic / linguistics . html university college , london . department of phonetics and linguistics . url : http : / / www . phon . ucl . ac . uk / university of london , birkbeck college . department of applied linguistics . url : http : / / www . bbk . ac . uk / departments / appliedlinguistics / home . html university of pennsylvania , linguistics department . url : gopher : / / ling . upenn . edu / 1 "" > university of rochester , new york url : http : / / www . ling . rochester . edu / university of sussex , school of cognitive and computing sciences url : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / * * * * * * * general sources of linguistic information * * * * * * * * ethnologue : the sil searchable catalog of the world 's languages . url : gopher : / / sil . org : 70 / 11gopher _ root % 3a % 5bethnologue % 5d the aboriginal studies electronic data archive ( aseda ) url : http : / / coombs . anu . edu . au / specialproj / aseda / aseda . html the university of edinburgh url : ftp : / / ling . ed . ac . uk "" > university of edinburgh international computer archive of modern english ( icame ) , at the university of bergen . url : ftp : / / nora . hd . uib . no / pub the goteborg databank of swedish texts . url : http : / / logos . svenska . gu . se the linguistic software archive at the university of michigan . url : ftp : / / linguistics . archive . umich . edu the linguistic data consortium at the university of pennsylvania . url : ftp : / / linc . cis . upenn . edu / pub / ldc "" > the university of virginia electronic text center url : http : / / www . lib . virginia . edu / etext / etc . html summer institute of linguistics ( sil ) url : http : / / www . sil . org / * * * * * * * * * * general indices * * * * * * * * * http : / / www . cog . brown . edu / pointers / linguistics . html "" > linguistics http : / / www . bbk . ac . uk / departments / appliedlinguistics / virtuallibrary . html
",0
610,"Subject: grammatical relations
 
 for some time , i have been puzzled by a claim that i come across frequently in the formal grammatical literature , namely that since grammatical relations are derived , therefore they cannot be referred to by the grammar . please note that my puzzlement is not concerned with whether grammatical relations are primitive or derived , nor with whether or not the grammar can refer to grammatical relations , but rather with the alleged causal relation between answers to these two questions . more specifically , my puzzlement is not concerned with why some people believe both that grammatical relations are derived and that grammatical relations cannot be referred to by the grammar , but rather with why they think the second belief follows necessarily from the first . to take what seems to be a parallel instance , valid at least for many versions of formal grammar : control ( c-control , etc . ) is a derived concept , but can be referred to by the grammar - - so the causal link between derived status and inaccessibility to the grammar seems to be denied in other areas . i would be grateful for any enlightenment on this issue . sender : bernard comrie department of linguistics gfs-301 university of southern california los angeles , ca 90089-1693 , usa . tel . + 1 213 740 2986 . fax + 1 213 740 9306 . e - mail comrie @ bcf . usc . edu
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611,"Subject: celtic studies
 
 dear list , i am compiling a list of celtic studies programs / classes and departments of celtic around the world . i have already had a great many contributions . many thanks to all who helped ! ! however , for many universities i am still lacking some parts of the information i need . below , there is a list of these universities , followed by a list of those universities already featured with all necessary information . i ` m looking for the following informations : university : address : department : degrees : teachers : courses : notes : please reply to : mwo @ asl1 . ikp . uni-bonn . de or uzs07b @ ibm . rhrz . uni-bonn . de thank you for your cooperation ! maria wolters - - - - - i need more info on : i . europe humboldt - universitaet berlin university of osnabrueck university of wales at aberyswyth , lampeter university of aberdeen university of glasgow university of london ( courses ) university of liverpool ( courses ) trinity college , dublin university college galway university of leiden universit ' e de bretagne occidentale ( teachers , courses , degrees ) universit ' e de rennes 2 ( teachers , courses , degrees ) ii . america amherst american university boston college catholic university of america university of cincinnati university of guelph harvard university memorial university , newfoundland university of ottawa university of pennsylvania st . mary 's university , halifax temple university university of toronto queens college iii . australia university of sydney i already have complete info on : i . europe : rheinische friedrich - wilhelms - universitaet bonn university of freiburg university of innsbruck university of marburg university of edinburgh university of manchester university of utrecht university of lublin university of zagreb university of jerusalem ii . america ball state university berkeley university of washington , seattle
",0
612,"Subject: survey of narrative for persons with aphasia - - addendum
 
 colleagues : this an addendum to a previous message from a friend of mine ( maureen stemmelen ) that asked subscribers to complete a survey . this clarification is in response to some queries some people had regarding the survey . the purpose of the survey was to gather data from normal people in order to design better narrative elicitation tasks for subjects with aphasia . these tasks will be used with american residents only , which explains the cultural bias in the survey . thank you for your participation . the survey is attached to refresh your memory as to what we are talking about ! kirrie ballard & maureen stemmelen ( maurstem @ merle . acns . nwu . edu ) survey the results from this survey will be utilized in a research project designed to examine the language of aphasic speakers . results of this survey will remain confidential . please do not write your name on this form . identifying information today 's date : your birth date : highest level of education : present or most recent job : male female ( asterisk one ) country of residence : part i in the spaces below , please list five 's tories ' from which you could recall the general plot , some of the major characters , possibly some details important to the storyline , and provide a short narration of if given some reminders of the story ( such as pictures ) . these 's tories ' could be such things as children 's books , fables or fairy tales , adult books , movies , plays , etc . please fill in all of the blanks . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . part ii please asterisk those items that you would be able to talk about in sufficient detail for approximately ten minutes . asterisk all that apply . world war ii watergate your closest friend learning to drive the bombing of japan the challenger disaster vietnam apollo 11 graduating from high school the fall of communism in eastern europe your first job the gulf war kennedy 's assassination your earliest memories of school woodstock the depression the assassination of dr . martin luther king the current u . s . president your present or most recent job your first date d - day the civil rights movement the cold war your most memorable vacation thank you for your participation .
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613,"Subject: query : voicing assimilation
 
 i know of two languages where voiced fricatives devoice after a voiceless obstruents , even though voiced stops cause the preceding voiceless obstruent to voice instead ( dutch and within certain domains , polish ) . i am wondering if there are other examples .
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614,"Subject: q : fundamental frequency software
 
 dear colleagues , i would be grateful if you could provide me any information about software that analyses human speech and show the fundamental frequency of it . in particular , i am looking for software that would analyse recorded speech ( recorded in real conditions and not in laboratory ones ) and show the fundamental frequency of an utterance , with the ability to describe the exact pitch of each vowel - or voiced consonant - , as well as its loudness . i believe that a parallel representation of the waveform would help a lot , in order in order for me to determine the exact pitch of a vowel and its relative loudness . i was working with soundwaves software , but i will not have access to that software any more . moreover , since i have seen much more sophisticated representations of f0 in last recent journals and periodicals , i am looking for something faster and more detailed than soundwaves . i would like to know the types of software that exist either for ibm compatible pcs , or for mac , or even for unix . please tell me also the kind of hardware that is necessary for each software , and where i could find or buy this gear . i would really appreciate any information that you would sent me , and i promise to summarise it and distribute it through the linguist list . thank you in advance dimitris papazachariou . department of language and linguistics university of essex wivenhoe park colchester co4-3sq england e-mail address : papaz @ essex . ac . uk
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615,"Subject: software for propositional analysis
 
 hi ! i need to find a software to do propositional analysis to analyze large students ' writing for my study . as far as i know , theoretically many differnet analysis frames have been suggested . especially , i am interested in kintsch 's model . if you happen to know any of this kind software , please let me know . if not , why do n't we make this kind of software for research and teaching purpose ? thanks in advance . byungmin lee university of texas at austin .
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616,"Subject: re : bengali software
 
 i would like to know of sources for bengali software . a bengali script word processor would be great , and / or language learning materials . sources for print materials would also be welcome , linguistics or learning oriented . will sumarize . thank you . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * stephen de giulio voice : ( 505 ) 439-0797 2107 aspen drive fax : ( 505 ) 439-3643 alamogordo , new mexico internet : degiulio @ nmsua . nmsu . edu
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617,"Subject: summary : ' typewriter ' and "" canadian "" raising
 
 i recently asked , as i do periodically , if anyone knows of speakers who have different vowels in _ rider _ and _ writer _ ( i . e . , who have canadian raising , so called , for the diphthong / ai / ) but who use the vowel of _ rider _ in the second syllable of _ typewriter _ . i received a fair amount of mostly irate comments from people who thought this was impossible . however , i have found one speaker ( who happens to be a linguist but not a phonologist ) who has this pronunciation . as it happens he is not from ontario , but from illinois , but i believe that his existence strengthens the case for the hitherto purely hypothetical account i have proposed of how joos came to "" invent "" the non-existent ontario dialect in which supposedly _ writer _ and _ rider _ were homophonous . a careful reading of joos shows that the only example he actually cites is _ typewriter _ , not _ writer _ ! i thus believe that there must have been more speakers who said _ writer _ with a higher vowel , but both _ rider _ and _ typewriter _ with a lower one than my sole informant , and that this sporadic pronunciation is what led to the birth of the whole myth about rule ordering in canadian english , which persists till now as the example of crucial rule ordering in the phonological literature . it may not be as glamorous as the eskimo snow word myth , but there it is .
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618,"Subject: typological classification
 
 a few remarks on fritz newmeyer 's posting on classification in language typology : of course it is not always easy to decide to which type a given language should be assigned , since there may be conflicting criteria . but some people seem to think that this is somehow a deep problem with language typology . in reality , there is no deep problem here at all , so the typological literature is quite right in not dwelling on such trivial methodological points too much , concentrating on substantive and theoretical issues instead . true , the methodology of language typology is somewhat different from the methodology used in single-language studies that most linguists engange in . when searching for significant correlations between features / parameters in the world 's language , one has to classify languages , and the more languages one looks at , the less energy one can spend on resolving each individual case . clearly , the speacialist will sometimes disagree with the way her or his language was assigned , but then most of them time not all specialists agree on the right classification themselves . when the criteria are in conflict , it may sometimes be necessary to give more weight to some than to others in a somewhat arbitrary way - - but this is simply one reflection of the necessary idealization that accompanies any serious scientific endeavor . it 's as simple as that : the more one studies linguistic phenomena in breadth , the more one loses in depth . but vice versa , linguists that study only one or a few languages are working on an extremely narrow basis and lose in breadth what they gain in depth . ideally , typological research should be conducted by teams of linguists , much in the same way as research in big science is organized . with more resources that are combined , one could study linguistic phenomena in considerable breadth and depth simultaneously . an attempt to follow this strategy has been made in the european science programme in language typology , which has been running in europe for the past five years ( wait for 10 volumes on the typology of european languages , to appear with mouton de gruyter in a year 's time ) . this was only a very modest , seriously underfunded attempt , but until we attract really big research money or manage to agree on more things , we have to be happy that we have colleagues like johanna nichols who are willing to make enormous efforts to get a view of linguistic phenomena on a global scale . martin haspelmath ( free university of berlin )
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619,"Subject: sum : dets and number
 
 about a month ago , i posted the following query : i ' m looking for languages whose nps have the following three properties : ( 1 ) bare , unmarked nouns occur in argument position , and may be interpreted as either singular or plural ( eg . malay , mandarin , japanese , as opposed to english ) ; ( 2 ) at least some determiners are unmarked for number ( eg . english "" the "" , "" some "" , "" john 's "" , as opposed to "" this "" , "" these "" ) ; and , most interestingly , ( 3 ) when a bare , unmarked noun occurs in construction with a determiner that is unmarked for number , the resulting np * is * marked for number . so far , i am familiar with two languages satisfying the above three conditions . ( both are singaporean dialects of languages whose standard varieties do n't satisfy these conditions . ) singaporean malay ( 1 ) like in standard malay , bare , unmarked nouns are unmarked for number , eg . "" kucing "" ( cat / cats ) ; ( 2 ) again like in standard malay , the determiners "" itu "" ( that / the ) and ini "" ( this ) are unmarked for number , eg . "" seekor kucing itu "" ( that / the one cat ) , "" dua ekor kucing itu "" ( those / the two cats ) ; ( 3 ) unlike in standard malay , bare , unmarked nouns in construction with "" itu "" and ini "" tend to be interpreted as singular , eg . "" kucing itu "" ( that / the cat / ? * cats ) . [ apparently , there is some variation here between speakers , and between different constructions for the same speakers . ] singlish ( aka colloquial singaporean english ) ( 1 ) unlike in standard english , bare , unmarked nouns are unmarked for number , eg . "" cat "" ( cat / cats ) ; ( 2 ) like in standard english , prenominal possessors such as "" john 's "" are unmarked for number , eg . "" john 's one cat "" ( john 's one cat ) , "" john 's two cat ( s ) "" ( john 's two cats ) ; ( 3 ) when bare , unmarked nouns are preceded by prenominal possessors , the resulting construction can only be interpreted as singular , eg . "" john 's cat "" ( john 's cat / * cats ) . some questions : ( a ) is anybody familiar with more such examples ? ( references ? ) ( b ) is this a southeast asian areal feature and / or a common cross-linguistic pattern ? ( c ) in both of the above cases , an unmarked noun plus an unmarked determiner results in a singular np . are there any cases where the result is a plural np ? ( d ) does anybody have any ideas how to analyze / explain this phenomenon ( within any theoretical framework , or none ) ? * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this is one case where the summary is much shorter than the query itself . two other languages emerged with a pattern identical to that of singaporean malay : japanese ( thanks to pamela a downing and mayumi masuko ) , and korean ( thanks to jae jung song ) . ( in the meantime , further field work of my own revealed that in singlish , not just prenominal possessors but also the definite article "" the "" exhibits a similar singularity effect : although unmarked for number ( as evidenced by "" the one cat "" , "" the two cat ( s ) "" ) , "" the cat "" is interpreted as singular . ) further observations were provided by steven berbeco , richard dearmond , bob fradkin , mark a . mandel , edith a . moravcsik , and gwyn williams .
",0
620,"Subject: sum : size adjs and quantifiers
 
 about a month ago , i posted the following query : i ' m looking for examples , from any language , of quantifiers that are formally related to size adjectives . so far , i am familiar with the following three examples : english : little > a little lao : nohy5 > nohy5 neu : ng2 little little one "" little "" "" a little "" minangkabau : ketek > saketek little one-little "" little "" "" a little "" is anybody familiar with more such examples ? in spite of the typological and geographical diversity of these three languages , the above constructions are strikingly similar . this raises the following further questions : ( 1 ) are there any analogous examples where "" many "" is derived from "" big "" ? ( 2 ) are there any examples where the derivation is in the other direction , ie . where a size adjective , eg . "" little "" is derived from a quantifier , eg . "" a few "" ? * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the above query triggered numerous interesting responses , for which i am grateful to the following residents of the global virtual village : robert beard , steven berbeco , jonathan david bobaljik , john cowan , jane edwards , f . gladney , arthur holmer , knut lambrecht , pierre larrivee , ann lindvall , edith moravcsik , geoffrey s . nathan , chris pountain , ines shaw , nancy stenson , frits stuurman , cynthia vakareliyska , 0ystein alexander vangsnes , peansiri vongvipanond , and a person who wished to remain anonymous . in a nutshell , all of the responses but one provided data from european languages . i do not know enough to say whether this areal patterning is of the phenomenon in question , or rather of the respondents to the query , and the languages that they are familiar with . however , the data suggested that formal relationships between quantifiers and size adjectives are indeed widespread , and provided an affirmative answer to the first specific query , with examples of the derivation of "" many "" from "" big "" . in what follows , i provide a selection of typical responses ( if anybody wants the responses in their entirety , they can contact me directly ) . some more examples of "" little "" > "" a little "" : swedish : liten > lite "" little "" "" a little "" irish : beag > beaga ' n "" little "" "" a little "" french : petit > un petit "" little "" "" a little "" russian : mal / malo / mala > malo "" little "" "" a little "" ( short predicate forms ) polish : maly > malo "" little "" "" a little "" bulgarian : maluk / malko / malka > malko "" little "" "" a little "" some respondents offered interesting diachronic comments : "" [ t ] he latin adjectives for ' little ' , parvus and paulus , were replaced by what is often seen as an ' onomatopoeic ' creation ( * pittinnus for spanish ) . the adverb parum , which is morphologically related to parvus is replaced by a form * paucu , which existed in classical latin only in the plural ( pauci ) with the meaning ' ( a ) few ' . in the medieval romance languages , old spanish _ poco _ , old catalan _ poc _ and old occitan _ pauc _ are however attested in the meaning of ' little ' . "" [ chris pountain ] "" [ t ] he latin root is from ie * pou / pau , which gives english few , foal , as well as latin ( and english ) pauper , poverty , not to mention greek paed ` child ' ( paediatrician etc . ) so all the ` small ' and ` few ' meanings are intermingled throughout all the ie etyma . "" [ geoffrey s . nathan ] and now , in response to question ( 1 ) , some examples of "" big "" > "" many "" : quebec french : gros > gros gros "" big "" "" a lot "" irish : mo ' r > mo ' ra ' n "" big "" "" a lot "" ( negative polarity ) polish : duzy > duzo "" big "" "" a lot "" and a general diachronic comment : "" slavic _ comparative _ quantifier "" more "" has the same root ( bol - ) as adj "" big "" ( old church slavonic bolii , modern russian bol 's hoj ) . "" many / much "" is mnogo / mnogi in the slavic languages , root * minog - ( short i ) - - there 's no etymologically related adj meaning "" big "" . ( the root in the comparative shows up as * bolj - in the comparative quantifier and adjs , but i am assuming the j is a suffix [ . . . ] . i think russian is the only modern language where this root still shows up in the adj . "" big "" , though all of them except modern bulgarian ( and probably macedonian ) still have the comparative quantifier in bol . vasmer 's etymological dictionary of the russian language relates the root to sanskrit baliyan ( acute accent on first a , long mark over i and second a ) , "" stronger "" , balisthas ( acute over first a , dot under first s and t ) , "" strongest "" , "" balam "" ( acute over first a ) "" strength "" . russian has two different comparative forms with this root in addition to the adj "" big "" ( bol 's hoj ) : comparative quantifier bol 's he ( as in "" more money "" ) and adverb bolee ( as in "" more interesting "" ) . "" [ cynthia vakareliyska ] as for question ( 2 ) , pertaining to derivations in the opposite direction ( from quantifier to size adjective ) , here the evidence is still less clear . one respondent [ ann lindvall ] suggested some possible examples from swedish and greek . in fact , in the above slavic examples , the directionality is not immediately clear , and may perhaps be most appropriately characterized as a nondirectional identity of ( neuter-form ) adjective and quantifier . however , i still have n't encountered any uncontroversial examples of size adjectives that are derived from quantifiers . finally , two interesting comments on related phenomena : "" hungarian : ' a little ' or 's omewhat ' ( such as in "" she is a little late . "" or "" a somewhat over-ripe pear was lying on the table . "" ) : _ kicsit _ , which consists of _ kicsi _ ( predicative form of the the adjective for 's mall ' ) plus _ t _ , the accusative marker ' very ' , ' extremely ' ( such as in the above sentences , with "" little "" / "" somewhat "" replaced with "" very "" / "" extremely "" ) : _ nagyon _ , which consists of _ nagy _ ' big ' and _ on _ , a de - adjectival adverbializer . these are ad-verbal and ad-adjectival quantifiers . adnominal quantifiers such as ' many ' and ' few ' do not have to do with size adjectives . "" [ edith moravcsik ] "" i suspect that the thai and lao adverb ( ? ) nak "" great deal , a lot "" and the adjective nak "" heavy "" are derivatives of one another ( strange ? ) through grammaticalization . this verbal quantifier is more prevalent in lao , lanna thai dialect and isan dialect ( all geographically and historically related ) than in bangkok thai . "" [ peansiri vongvipanond ]
",0
621,"Subject: tmi95 - adapted reminder of deadline
 
 we have been asked to clarify what the exact length of the topical papers and progress notes should be . therefore , we send you this adapted version of the reminder of the deadline . on behalf of the organizing committee bruno tersago centre for computational linguistics tel : + 32-16 - 285088 maria - theresiastraat , 21 e - mail : bruno . tersago @ ccl . kuleuven . ac . be b-3000 leuven ( belgium ) fax : + 32-16 - 285098 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tmi95 - the sixth international conference on theoretical and methodological issues in machine translation ( tmi95 ) july 5 - 7 1995 university of leuven centre for computational linguistics leuven , belgium ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! reminder of deadline for paper submission ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! the sixth international conference on theoretical and methodological issues in machine translation ( tmi95 ) will be held from july 5 to 7 1995 at the university of leuven , belgium . it will precede the fifth edition of the mt summit , hosted by the ec in luxembourg from july 10 to 14 . tmi95 will focus on three major topics : computational semantics for mt , mt of spoken language , and the use of sublanguage / controlled language for mt . as a novelty for tmi , two kinds of papers can be submitted : 1 ) high - quality topical papers focussing on ( but not limited to ) the broad domains of computational semantics for mt , mt for spoken languages the use of sublanguage or controlled language for mt . 2 ) short progress notes reporting on ongoing research , possibly accompanied by a demonstration ( no commercial systems ) . ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! please note that the deadline for submission ! ! ! ! ! ! is january 15 1995 . ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! the papers and notes should respect the following conventions : - single column , double-spaced , point size 12 for running text ( figures , annexes , references can deviate from this ) - maximum length : 20 for topical papers ; 8 pages for progress notes including figures and references ( about 5000 words ( topical papers ) ; 2000 words ( progress notes ) ) - they must be in english - they must contain a 100-150 word abstract ( topical papers ) ; 50-100 word abstract ( progress notes ) papers will be reviewed by international experts in the field . notification of acceptance will be sent by april 15 1995 . preference is given to e-mail submission in latex - format . these should be forwarded to tmi-subm @ ccl . kuleuven . ac . be before january 15 1995 . latex submissions must be self-contained latex source and should not refer to any external files or styles except for the standard styles for tex 3 . 14 and latex 2 . 09 . an exception is made however for "" avm . sty "" , "" trees . sty "" ( by avery andrews ) and "" treedvips . sty "" . further inquiries university of leuven centre for computational linguistics maria - theresiastraat 21 b-3000 leuven , belgium phone : + 32-16 - 285088 e-mail tmi95 @ ccl . kuleuven . ac . be attention : from 01-01 - 1995 onwards , phonenumbers of university of leuven will change ! + 32-16 - 28 . . . . - - - > + 32-16 - 32 . . . .
",0
622,"Subject: call for papers : language and prehistory in south asia
 
 the center for south asian studies , school of hawai ` ian , asian and pacific studies , university of hawai ` i , announces its eleventh annual spring symposium entitled language and prehistory in south asia , to be held march 20 & 21 , 1995 ( monday and tuesday ) from 9 : 00 am to 4 : 00 pm on the university of hawai ` i at manoa campus . papers are invited up to thirty minutes in length , focusing on any aspect of the structure , use , and history of any of the modern or classical languages of south asia ( including afghanistan , bangladesh , bhutan , india , maldives , pakistan , sikkim , sri lanka , and tibet ) as well as relationships and contacts among the languages of this area and between these languages and the languages of mainland and insular south east asia , east asia , central asia , western asia , africa or the pacific islands ( e . g . fiji ) . the proceedings will be published in summer or fall 1995 . send abstracts ( one copy , one page , not anonymous ) to the attention of karina bingham , symposium coordinator , center for south asian studies , moore hall 416 , university of hawai ` i / manoa , honolulu , hi 96822 . for more information , contact dr . lawrence a . reid , dept . of linguistics , ( 808 ) 956-3223 or reid @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu .
",0
623,"Subject: icla call for papers
 
 4th international cognitive linguistics conference july 17 - july 21 , 1995 , albuquerque , new mexico * aims and scope the international cognitive linguistics conference offers a forum for research within the perspective of cognitive linguistics . this perspective subsumes a number of concerns and broadly compatible theoretical approaches that share a common basis : the idea that language is an integral part of cognition which reflects the interaction of cultural , psychological , communicative , and functional considerations , and which can only be understood in the context of a realistic view of conceptualization and mental processing . topics of interest for cognitive linguistics include the structural characteristics of natural language categorization ( such as prototypicality , metaphor , mental imagery , and cognitive models ) , the functional principles of linguistic organization ( such as iconicity and naturalness ) , the conceptual interface between syntax and semantics , the experiential and pragmatic background of language-in - use , and the relationship between language and thought . in addition , topics of special interest for the 1995 conference include cross-linguistic studies and cognitive linguistic approaches to signed language research . * conference site the 1995 conference will take place on the campus of the university of new mexico ( unm ) in albuquerque . albuquerque lies between the foothills of the sandia mountains ( with peaks of more than 10 , 000 feet ) and the west mesa ( which is dotted with the cinder cones of long-extinct volcanoes ) ; dividing the city is the winding rio grande valley , famous for its bosque nature preserve . at an altitude of roughly 5000 feet , the university campus enjoys warm summer days and cool nights . excursions to nearby pueblos , santa fe , and the sandia mountains are being planned . also taking place at unm during the summer of 1995 is the linguistic society of america 's biennial linguistic institute . under the direction of joan bybee , li-95 will run for six weeks from late june to early august and will include over 50 courses taught by visiting faculty as well as special lectures . the conceptual structure for li-95 applies cross-linguistic comparison and a functional orientation to the major areas of linguistics and the language emphases of the university of new mexico program : signed languages , spanish , and native american languages . several other conferences are planned to precede and follow the 1995 icla conference . * submission of abstracts authors are requested to submit four copies of a one-page abstract in hardcopy format to the address below . abstracts must be received before november 30 , 1994 . authors will be notified of acceptance or rejection by february 1 , 1995 . sherman wilcox / icla95 department of linguistics university of new mexico albuquerque , nm 87131
",0
624,"Subject: re : 5 . 1225 linguistics and imperialism
 
 with regard to hoberman 's comment . it would not make sense to say that linguistics is inherently imperialistic in nature , any more than it would for any other science , since linguistics is multi-faceted and has many purposes , some now well established and others continually evolving , e . g . , "" forensic "" applications of linguistics etc . since language is universal , applications for linguistics are universal . in my earlier comments i dwelt on diversity among languages because that 's where the connection between linguistics ( mainly as an aid to learning and teaching languages ) and multilingual empires ( = "" imperialism "" ) is easiest to see . however , i also noted that there are people who are interested in language and linguistic diversity for its own sake . i suspect that this is universal . although it may be reflected differently in different cultures . maybe the universality of interest in language and linguistic diversity is reflected in myths about the origin of such diversity , or other kinds of "" pre-linguistic "" explanations . among cultures which seem particularly ethnocentric to me , classic athenian culture perhaps was less encouraging to interest in other languages than most cultures ( with the us perhaps close behind but also with a complex fear and insecurity about languages other than english ) . nevertheless , we see from plato 's cratylus that differences between greek ( in its various diachronic forms ) and the "" barbarian "" languages was put to philosophical use . if you read cratylus , you ' ll see that plato , through socrates , was putting some value on philosophical arguments which brought in data from other languages . ( even though there 's a lot of sarcasm and tongue in cheek in the whole issue as plato treats it in cratylus , i . e . , whether the words of language are "" natural "" or "" conventional "" / are there "" correct "" words for ideas / concepts / things ? - - plato is always a polemicist , reacting to rival schools of thought . ) i would like to re-open the issue ( i think it was once opened before on the list ) about how different cultures "" explain "" language diversity , and whether there is a culture which prevents all individual members from being interested in language for its own sake . i do n't think that could logically be possible - - but what do i know ? in any case , this might give us some insights into the "" prehistory of linguistics "" , and also into the still present motivations of some linguists to attach themselves to this aspect of our culture . benji
",0
625,"Subject: re : 5 . 1225 linguistics and imperialism
 
 with regard to hoberman 's comment , it would not make sense to say that linguistics is inherently imperialistic in nature , any more than it would for any other science , since linguistics is multi-faceted and has many purposes , some now well established and others continually evolving , e . g . , "" forensic "" applications of linguistics etc . since language is universal , applications for linguistics are universal . in my earlier comments i dwelt on diversity among languages because that 's where the connection between linguistics ( mainly as an aid to learning and teaching languages ) and multilingual empires ( = "" imperialism "" ) is easiest to see . however , i also noted that there are people who are interested in language and linguistic diversity for its own sake . i suspect that this is universal . although it may be reflected differently in different cultures . maybe the universality of interest in language and linguistic diversity is reflected in myths about the origin of such diversity , or other kinds of "" pre-linguistic "" explanations . among cultures which seem particularly ethnocentric to me , classic athenian culture perhaps was less encouraging to interest in other languages than most cultures ( with the us perhaps close behind but also with a complex fear and insecurity about languages other than english ) . nevertheless , we see from plato 's cratylus that differences between greek ( in its various diachronic forms ) and the "" barbarian "" languages was put to philosophical use . if you read cratylus , you ' ll see that plato , through socrates , was putting some value on philosophical arguments which brought in data from other languages . ( even though there 's a lot of sarcasm and tongue in cheek in the whole issue as plato treats it in cratylus , i . e . , whether the words of language are "" natural "" or "" conventional "" / are there "" correct "" words for ideas / concepts / things ? - - plato is always a polemicist , reacting to rival schools of thought . ) i would like to re-open the issue ( i think it was once opened before on the list ) about how different cultures "" explain "" language diversity , and whether there is a culture which prevents all individual members from being interested in language for its own sake . i do n't think that could logically be possible - - but what do i know ? in any case , this might give us some insights into the "" prehistory of linguistics "" , and also into the still present motivations of some linguists to attach themselves to this aspect of our culture . benji
",0
626,"Subject: 
 
 dictionaries crowley , t . a dictionary of paamese . 1992 ; xii + 256pp . ( incl . 1 map ) . isbn 085883 412 x . aus $ 35 . 00 . pacific linguistics , c-121 . ? ? ? this ia a dictionary of the austronesian language spoken on the island of paama in vanuatu ( formely the new hybrides ) in the south-west pacific . beside the paamese - english listing the dictionary also contains an english - paamese index . it complements the author 's the paamese language of vanuatu ( published by pacific linguistics in 1982 ) . bradley , d . a dictionary of the northern dialect of lisu ( china and southeast asia ) . 1994 ; xii + 275pp . isbn 0 85883 423 5 . au $ 30 . 30 pacific linguistics , c-126 . this dictionary describes the lexicon on the northern dialect of lisu as spoken by most lisu , especially those living in the nujiang autonomous prefecture north-western yunnan . it represents lisu forms in the new lisu orthography as used by the majority of lisu in china . it is based on the lisu - chinese dictionary edited by xu lin , mu yuzhang et . al . , and published by the yunnan nationalities publishing house in 1985 . beside the lisu - english listing this dictionary contains an english - lisu index . australian langs thieberger , n . handbook of western australian aboriginal languages south of the kimberley region . 1993 ; vii + 408pp . ( incl . 6 maps ) . isbn 0 85883 418 9 . aus $ 40 . 50 pacific linguistics , c-124 . this handbook lists material available in and about the aboriginal languages spoken south of kimberley region , western australia . sixty - nine languages are discussed including two post-contact languages , western australian aboriginal english and kriol . each section contains caps showing the approximate traditional locations of the languages concerned . hercus , l . a grammar of the arabana-wangkangurru language , lake eyre basin , south australia . 1994 : xx + 324pp . ( incl . 2 maps , 12 photographs ) . isbn 0 85883 425 1 . aus $ 43 . 80 . pacific linguistics , c-128 . in this volume luise hercus records the grammar of a language that was once spoken to the north and west of lake eure , south australia , and is now all but extinct . arabana and wangkangurru are closely related dialects of one language although the speakers regard them as separate languages . besides the grammar this book contains a number of thexts and photographs of some of the principal informants used in the study . oceania hamel , p . a grammar and lexicon of loniu , papua new guinea . 1994 ; ix + 275pp . ( incl . 1 map ) . isbn 0 85883 410 3 . pacific linguistics , c-103 . this is a grammar and short dictionary of the small austronesian language spoken by 450-500 inhabitants of two villages of two villages on the southern coast of manus island , papua new guinea . the books also contains an english - loniu index and two illustrative texts . ferreirinho , n . selected topics in the grammar of limos kalinga , the the philippines . 1993 : viii + 125pp . ( incl . 1 map ) . isbn 0 85883 4197 . aus $ 34 . 00 pacific linguistics , b-109 . limos kalinga is one of ten dialects of kalinga , a central cordilleran language spoken in the northern part of luzon , the philippines . the study includes a description of word classes , noun phrase and verbal morphology , different types of sentences , topicalisation , and reduplication . it laso includes a sample text . brainard , s . karao phonology , the philippines , 1994 ; vi + 259pp . ( incl . 1 map ) . isbn 0 85883 420 0 . aus $ 30 . 00 pacific linguistics , b-110 . karao is a small southern cordilleran language spoken in northern luzon near baguio and nestled in the midst of some 90 , 000-100 , 000 ibaloi speakers . the language is notable for the amount of variation in the forms of words that speakers accept . the study argues thet theese variations can be explained in termns of moras , the primary organizing unit of phonlogical segments at the word level . basel , linda a . verb morphology of mori , sulawesi , 1994 ; x + 139pp . isbn 085883 421 9 . aus $ 23 . 20 pacific linguistics , b-111 . mori is an austronesian language of central and south sulawesi , indonesia . it is spoken by about 30 , 000 people living in this area and by about another 10 , 000 people living in the urban centres of sulawesi and other indonesian islands . besides containing a detailed description of the verb in mori this study includes a phonological sketch of the language and a sample text .
",0
627,"Subject: job : slavic linguistics ( forwarded from seelangs )
 
 russian / slavic linguist . assistant professor , tenure-track , contingent on budgetary approval . must have phd in hand , demonstrated teaching ability , commitment to research , and ability to teach slavic linguistics courses at the ma level , russian at all levels , and a second slavic language . preference will be given to those who can help develop a curriculum dealing with the interface between linguistics , literature and culture . please send cv , description of research interests , and names of three references by december 1 , 1994 , to george gutsche , head , department of russian & slavic languages , university of arizona , modern languages 340 , tucson , az 85721 . position available beginning august 1995 . the university of arizona is an eeo / aa / ada compliance employer .
",0
628,"Subject: search for proposal consultant
 
 i am looking for an individual or a company who can help me prepare a proposal for a software project that i would like to market to private companies . i can be reached by email for further details , but before i hire someone , i will need to see a resume , a track record , and some references . the consultant will need to be experienced in writing proposals for the computer industry . a knowledge of human language translation technology would be a definite plus . phil bralich , ph . d . bralich @ uhccux . uhcc . hawaii . edu philip a . bralich 1555 pohaku street , # a508 honolulu , hi 96817 ( 808 ) 841-1087
",0
629,"Subject: russian lecturer position at cornell
 
 russian lecturer position position : full - time lecturer in russian , to begin in the fall of 1995 . one to three year appointment with possible renewal . duties : teaching russian language courses at all levels , from elementary through advanced . qualifications : ma in slavic , general , or applied linguistics . an ability to teach advanced grammar courses for language learners . teaching experience in a russian language program at a north american school . evidence of excellent rapport with undergraduate students . professional commitment to language teaching . strong interest in language pedagogy . near - native fluency in russian . command of stylistic and grammatical nuances of english and russian , and an ability to provide linguistic explanations in both languages . salary : minimum starting salary for this position is $ 24 , 250 . please send curriculum vitae to : russian search department of modern languages and linguistics morrill hall , cornell university ithaca , ny 14853-4701 please indicate the names , addresses , and current telephone numbers of three persons who are familiar with your teaching style and teaching experience and may be contacted for references . complete applications will be accepted until a suitable candidate is selected . applications received after june 1 , 1995 will not be considered . cornell university is an affirmative action , equal opportunity employer . wayles browne , assoc . prof . of linguistics dept . of modern languages and linguistics , morrill hall cornell university ithaca , new york 14853 , u . s . a . tel . 607-255 - 0712 , 607-273 - 3009 e-mail ewb2 @ cornell . edu ( earlier : jn5j @ cornella . bitnet / / jn5j @ cornella . cit . cornell . edu )
",0
630,"Subject: job advert - rf in computational linguistics
 
 ( please forward to any additional interested parties ) university of brighton information technology research institute research fellow - computational linguistics ( fixed term for 3 years ) up to # 19 , 137 per annum this post is concerned with the development of techniques for enhancing the representational structure of large-scale lexicons . the work will involve surveying and collecting existing lexical resources , rapid prototyping of enhancement techniques , testing and evaluation through construction of pilot applications , and refinement of the techniques into usable tools . a phd in computational linguistics or a closely related area , experience of lexical representation and good programming skills , including familiarity with prolog and either pop11 or lisp , are essential . familiarity with the lexical representation language datr , as well as other lexical formalisms , is highly desirable . experience of large-scale lexicon development or acquisition , and of developing tools for language engineering would also be an advantage . ref : it916 for an informal discussion about the post , please telephone dr . roger evans , deputy head of the information technology research institute , ( 01273 ) 642900 , or email roger . evans @ itri . bton . ac . uk . for further details and an application form contact the personnel department , university of brighton , brighton , bn2 4at , or 24 hour answerphone : ( 01273 ) 642849 quoting the appropriate reference number . if you need further information , ring ( 01273 ) 642837 . closing date : 25th november 1994 information about the post and the project may also be found on the itri ftp server ( ftp . itri . bton . ac . uk ) in the following files : pub / itri / posts / it916-seal - advert this message pub / itri / posts / it916-seal - jobdesc job description for the post pub / itri / posts / it916-seal - project project description note , however , that applications should be made on the forms available from the above address .
",0
631,"Subject: psycholinguistics postdoc
 
 a postdoctoral position in psycholinguistics is available immediately , to join an interdisciplinary lab that is part of the university of southern california 's neural , informational , and behavioral sciences ( nibs ) program . the focus of research is sentence and discourse processing in normal aging and alzheimer 's disease , particularly the role of working memory in these processes . the candidate must hold a ph . d . in psychology , linguistics , or related field , and have expertise in the use of on-line methods in language comprehension . the research is funded by the national institute of aging , with a salary of $ 28 , 000 plus benefits . this is a one-year position with a possible renewal for the subsequent two years of the grant . send a letter of application and a curriculum vitae to : maryellen macdonald hedco neuroscience building university of southern california los angeles , ca 90089-2520 phone : ( 213 ) 740-6181 e-mail : mcm @ gizmo . usc . edu women and minorities are encouraged to apply . usc is an equal opportunity / affirmative action employer .
",0
632,"Subject: lx as * science * ?
 
 i accept the editors ' recent challenge for resuming last year 's thread ( which i missed , before subscribing ) on whether linguistics is / should be considered a science - - by which i am assuming everyone means newtonian * science * rather than the quantum / relativity science which has been current during this century . [ n1 ] . i will argue 1 ) that while much of our work is * scientific * , much of our work goes beyond the traditional definitions of * science * ; 2 ) that being categorized solely as * science * is to our long-term professional detriment ; 3 ) that we are uniquely positioned to aim higher . academics over the centuries have used various prestige words when desiring to assert their rigor . * scientific * is such a word today , and has been a prestige word since the early 1800 's when it replaced * philosophical * as the term academics use when indicating some ultimate in rigor and truth . and well before that , in seventh-century rome , boethius and others used * logical * as their prestige word . [ n2 ] i ' m confident this is not the sole reason for most linguists ' claim that linguistics is a * science * . but for those few for whom it is : saying it 's * rigorous * is sufficient to describe that side of our work . perhaps instead our discipline is looking for professional prestige and advancement in academe , and aligning politically with * science * is seen as the best strategic move . [ n3 ] is this a reason ? if so , perhaps we can talk together about it out loud rather than it remaining as a professional assumption . but there are other reasons we might consider giving up * science * as a label - - including our unique perversity in cultivating the process of working with meaning . a physicist friend once told me that if physics had to deal with the dimension of meaning ( s ) as well as everything else it deals with , physics could no longer be a science . [ greg derry , personal communication ] . newtonian physics was long held as the model of hard * science * , and all of its principles exclude ( d ) meaning . but so do the principles of 20th - century physics . is any linguist ready to give up meaning ( including the systemic meaning of structure ) in order to be * scientific * ? is linguistics not at least as much art as science ? can anyone provide me a good reason for categorizing linguistics as science in the context of these remarks ? is n't there something more inclusive we can aim toward ? but where 's our model in the social / soft sciences ? actually , linguistics is the best potential candidate for such a new , meaning-full model of science . other disciplines have been watching us for decades . after all , we train in our methodologies for a very delicate balancing act in consciousness between form and meaning ( i . e . , when doing historical work , we compare forms even from other languages , but we can't stop with that - - we must also be aware whether they have changed semantic categories , etc . ) . this is what some in other disciplines would call a systems approach , which goes beyond modern structuralism [ n4 ] . like the complementarity principle in physics , form and meaning in linguistics are complementary ( not polar ) opposites , both necessary for the total system to work properly . alas , our own theories are another matter . because of the terminological shackles of a meaning-less * science * that some would place on our discipline , we continue to use the dead metaphors of that meaning-less * science * in our attempts at meaning-full theory building . [ n5 ] notice how we have historically treated those who urged us to move our theories to the level of our methodology - - to the level of systems thinking : which describes a world of uncertainties and mutual interdependencies rather than mono-certain anything ; or chaotic ' attractors ' pulling events toward them into material manifestation [ n6 ] , instead of one thing directly causing another . whorf took one step , in transforming einstein 's relativity principle from the more limited geometry focus to the larger focus of human language in general , which he called the linguistic relativity principle . [ n7 ] that physics has in this century been dealing with deep linguistic questions has unfortunately been lost on most linguists . and the deeper mergers of language and philosophy have been ignored for universalist perspectives in the latter half of this century [ n8 ] . and linguistics departments are closing as the rest of academe ruthlessly renders its own self-serving judgement : linguistics is becoming irrelevant , a "" pseudo-science "" , in the late 20th - century . please understand : i am in no way against the * scientific * mode of linguistics - - it is uniquely appropriate to studying form . it is not , however , appropriate to studying meaning , for obvious reasons . the answer is not to let the part overwhelm the whole such that our entire discipline becomes * scientific * , but to accept the challenge and develop theories and principles of a meaning-full science that other disciplines will so admire that in the 21st century they will start claiming to be * linguistic * as a way of claiming ultimate rigor in their search for truth . * * * * notes : [ n1 ] i assume this because of the way all the social sciences treated whorf , who was attempting to tell them that the very definition of * science * / science was changing underneath their certainties . if it were otherwise , we would n't need this discussion . [ n2 ] dineen on boethius : "" logic became the prestige study of the day , the medieval 's most precise and respected intellectual tool . it held the same position in the intellectual world then that science holds now : serious study today must be 's cientific ' - - then it had to be ' logical ' "" . [ n3 ] however , as one christian de quincy wrote recently , "" [ m ] ost scientists do not recognize the limits of science , nor do they want to . there is a power given to the society that supports science . if one were to take the power and possession [ of science ] away from the corporations and politicians , what would be the standing of science in society ? "" [ n4 ] . . . and what some consciousness anthropologists would call a 's hamanic stance ' , balancing with a foot in both worlds . eastern philosophers would probably talk about the interpenetration of yin and yang within the tao , as david bohm found out in his dialogues with j . krishnamurti . [ n5 ] including such pre - relativity / quantum * scientific * vocabulary as ' cause ' and 'd etermine ' ( especially when linked , as in monocausal determinism ! ) . we even try to project these dead * metaphors onto people using systems thinking ( e . g . , sapir , whorf , pike , lamb ) . [ n6 ] per current chaos theory in mathematics , for those who like to use mathematics in their linguistics theories . [ n7 ] einstein also had the larger language issues in mind , which he talked about in a 1941 radio speech ( "" what is it that brings about such an ultimate connection between language and thinking ? . . . the mental development of the individual and his way of forming concepts depend to a high degree upon language . this makes us realize to what extent the same language means the same mentality . "" ) . [ n8 ] there is so much more that needs to be done in interesting areas such as how reason and logic and philosophy grow out of the grammars of languages . most are not aware , for instance , that the word ' karma ' - - long before it was a term of eastern philosophy denoting the process of what goes around comes around with emphasis on the ' comes around ' experiential phenomena - - was a term within the system of sanskrit linguistics meaning 'd irect object of verb ' [ james ryan , sanskrit & philosophy scholar , personal communication then presentation at society for the anthropology of consciousness , 1992 ] . what might a well-articulated philosophy of animacy from native american languages look like ? - - moonhawk ( % - > ) < "" the fool on the hill sees the sun going down and > < the eyes in his head see the world spinning round "" > < - - john lennon >
",0
633,"Subject: aaas ' 95
 
 as the february 17-21 , 1995 meeting of the aaas in atlanta approaches i thought it would be good to send a reminder to readers of linguist that they can become either a regular member and receive science or a supporting member . the application for the latter is below . in another message i will send the application for regular membership . as mentioned in earlier listings , it is very important that section z on linguistics and the language sciences reach its quota of 500 members . we still have a way to go . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = american association for the m e m b e r s h i p advancement of science a p p l i c a t i o n i want to become a supporting member of aaas . i understand that this class of membership does not entitle me to receive science . but i want to support scienc activities and eduction , public understanding of science , and scientific freedom and responsibility . enroll me as a supporting member with my primary affiliation in section z , linguistics and the language sciences . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ / / supporting member - $ 35 . 00 address for science _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ payment method state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code / / check enclosed / / bill me later ( regular only ) primary affiliation : charge my / / visa / / mastercard section z - linguistics and the language sciences credit card # : check this box / / expiration date _ _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _ _ _ signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fast fax your order to : 202 842 1065 prices valid until 12 / 31 / 94 . internation and canadian rates are higher and available upon request . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
",0
634,"Subject: coswl survey
 
 linguistic graduate students and faculty , as part of an ongoing study on graduate , postdoctoral , and junior faculty women in linguistics , the committee on the status of women in linguistics ( coswl ) has developed two questionnaires for distribution to linguistic departments across the country . in order for the survey to be successful , we need to find student representatives who are willing to oversee the distribution and uptake of these questionnaires at their own universities . the "" coswl graduate student representative "" would be responsible for : ( 1 ) distributing an institutional questionnaire to departmental administrators , and ( 2 ) distributing a more personally oriented questionnaire to graduate students , postdocs , and junior faculty . we urge you all to get involved in this very worthwhile enterprise . if you are a faculty member , we would be grateful if you could find a graduate student to act as the coswl representative for your department . we plan to send out the questionnaire materials on november 15th , so we need to hear from interested students immediately . we are in the initial stages of what we hope will become an on-going , long-term project on the status of women in linguistics , so your participation is crucial ! if you would like to be the coswl graduate student representative for your university , please send your school address , favored mailing address , phone number , and e-mail address to khall @ garnet . berkeley . edu . thank you , kira hall department of linguistics uc berkeley
",0
635,"Subject: ucla tesl & applied linguistics gopher
 
 tesl & applied linguistics gopher the department of tesl and applied linguistics is proud to announce the establishment of a gopher directory on the ucla gopher server , with the assistance of humanities computing and especially wayne miller . this gopher server currently holds departmental information , and is meant to inform both the campus , the department and the world beyond ucla of our activities and academic resources , as well as policies , guidelines and associated programs . by logging in to the gopher , you can find the following directories and information : - - an introduction to the department of tesl and applied linguistics - - a directory of announcements , including ta guidelines talsa student policies student representation - - a directory of associated programs , including english as a second language ( soon to be its own directory ) language , interaction and culture group ( soon to be its own directory ) language resource program ( in time to be its own directory ) south and south east asian language program quechua ( soon to link with latin american studies ? ) - - a course guide directory , including winter 1995 schedule tesl & al courses ( eventually to hold sample syllabi and course desc . ) courses from other departments relevant to idp participants , ( a list compiled by current idp students ) - - a directory of the faculty , including an address list and cv / profile of each faculty member , including recent publications and research interests - - a directory for ial , the student journal - - program information for the interdepartmental program in applied linguistics , academic requirements recent student research ( a list of qps filed by idp students ) application requirements , including a link to grad . division gopher for application information and on-line application soon to have links to departmental gophers for linguistics , anthropology , sociology , psychology , graduate school of education , etc . when these gophers become available - - program information for the ma in tesl , similarly structured . this gopher can be expanded and updated easily . those wishing to add relevant directories , announcements , etc . should see me or e-mail me at ihw1lrm @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu . to get to the gopher , enter the orion information database . select "" infoucla "" and then select "" gopher "" ( # 7 ) . select the directory titled "" ucla gopher server "" . again , select the directory titled "" ucla gopher servers "" . next select the directory titled "" humanities computing "" ( note - - this is temporary ; my understanding is that it will be titled humanities departments ) . select the directory titled "" humnet departments and ucla resources "" . finally , select the directory for tesl and applied linguistics . i am working with humanities computing to establish entries in this level of the gopher for both esl and ssealp , as these two associated programs are not always associated with tesl / applied linguistics to the outside world , and i would like to maximize accessibility . your feedback is highly valued . this first gopher is a work in progress , and all suggestions for its improvement will be considered and acted upon . i would like to take an opportunity to thank wayne miller and karie masterson at hcf for working to get this up and running , and to george for his ideas for the world wide web ( which will be the next project ! ) happy tunneling ! lyn
",0
636,"Subject: conf : clin ' 94 final program
 
 clin-94 final program clin-94 fifth computational linguistics in the netherlands meeting wednesday , november 23 , 1994 university of twente the fifth clin meeting will be hosted by the parlevink linguistic engineering group of the university of twente in enschede . at clin meetings , computational linguistics researchers in ( or from ) the netherlands gather and present their ( possibly ongoing ) research . every year a well-known speaker is invited . this year , we invited annie zaenen , affiliated with rank xerox research centre in meylan , france to be this year 's keynote speaker . she will talk about ` language technology and multilingualism ' . there will be twenty-three talks and three parallel sessions . all sessions will take place in "" de vrijhof "" at the campus . the participation fee is dfl 50 . the fee includes a lunch buffet , coffee and tea during the breaks and an informal reception . payment will be made only on-site . the proceedings of the clin ' 93 meeting will be available at this year 's meeting . they can also be found via www at url : http : / / tyr . let . rug . nl / ~ vannoord / clin / clin4 / clin4 . html it is our intention that a volume of proceedings of clin ' 94 will be produced in due time . a dvi file with the abstracts , however , can already be found at url : http : / / hydra . cs . utwente . nl / ~ andernac / clinabstracts . dvi this information and more is also available via www either directly via url : http : / / hydra . cs . utwente . nl / parlevink / clinprogram . html or via the clin home page with url : http : / / tyr . let . rug . nl / ~ vannoord / clin / clin . html program 10 . 30 arrival , subscription , coffee 11 . 00 annie zaenen ( rank xerox research centre , meylan , france ) language technology and multilingualism session 1 11 . 45 marc de boer , colin tattersall & jacob groote ( ptt research , groningen ) comparing business activities based on case grammar representation 12 . 15 bas van bakel ( kun , nijmegen ) elsa 's choice : handling syntactic ambiguity in nlp systems 12 . 45 lunch 14 . 00 leen kievit ( itk , tilburg ) representing structural ambiguity 14 . 30 johan bos ( computerlinguistik , universitaet des saarlandes , germany ) underspecified predicate logics 15 . 00 richard f . e . sutcliffe , piek vossen , peter hellwig & the sift team ( university of limerick , ireland ) the tractable representation of utterance meanings for information retrieval 15 . 30 coffee break 16 . 00 jan schaake & geert - jan m . kruijff ( ut , enschede ) information states based analysis of dialogues 16 . 30 rene ahn , leen kievit , gerrit rentier & margriet verlinden ( itk , tilburg ) dialogue - management & knowledge acquisition 17 . 00 geert - jan m . kruijff & jan schaake ( ut , enschede ) discerning relevant information in discourses using tfa session 2 11 . 45 walter daelemans ( itk , tilburg ) linguistics as data mining 12 . 15 annius v . groenink ( cwi , amsterdam ) mechanisms for movement 12 . 45 lunch 14 . 00 erik aarts ( ots , utrecht ) parsing and memoing in prolog 14 . 30 danny kersten & gerrit van der hoeven ( ut , enschede ) valency in casting systems 15 . 00 mettina veenstra ( rug , groningen ) a head-corner parser for the minimalist program 15 . 30 coffee break 16 . 00 koen versmissen ( ots , utrecht ) a bottom-up categorial approach to discontinuity 16 . 30 herbert ruessink ( stichting taaltechnologie , utrecht ) an extended notation for phrase-structure rules in alep 17 . 00 erik oltmans ( kun , nijmegen ) amazon in agfl . a contextfree phrase structure grammar for the structural module of the amazon / casus - system , described in the agfl - formalism session 3 11 . 45 kees van deemter ( ipo , eindhoven ) contrastive stress , contrariety and focus 12 . 15 arthur dirksen ( ipo , eindhoven ) phonological and phonetic coarticulation : the use of a metrical tree in speech synthesis 12 . 45 lunch 14 . 00 erik tjong kim sang ( rug , groningen ) applying simple recurrent networks to discovering the phonotactical knowledge of dutch 14 . 30 jan odijk ( ipo , eindhoven ) text generation without planning 15 . 00 mark van der kraan ( ruu , utrecht ) strictly compositional translation 15 . 30 coffee break 16 . 00 leen torenvliet & mart trautwein ( uva , amsterdam ) complexity of restricted attribute-value grammars 16 . 30 mart trautwein ( uva , amsterdam ) the complexity of structure sharing how to reach the campus ? > from schiphol airport , direct trains to hengelo / enschede leave every hour during daytime . in addition , trains with destination groningen / leeuwarden may also be taken ; for these , a connection train to hengelo / enschede waits in amersfoort at the other side of the same platform . in all cases , the travelling time is approximately two hours and a half . if you arrive by train , you should leave the train in hengelo , rather than in enschede ; this will shorten your trip with 10 minutes . a cheap taxi ticket ( called ` treintaxi ' ) can be bought at hengelo railway station upon arrival by showing the train ticket . the fare is fixed ( dfl 6 per person ) for every destination in the neighbourhood , but usually the taxi is to be shared with others . you could also take a bus from hengelo station to the campus ( no . 15 or 51 ) . bus no . 15 has a stop near the vrijhof building . bus no . 51 stops at the campus entrance ; it takes a 10 minutes walk from there to the vrijhof . by car , take direction enschede and in enschede follow ` universiteit ' . accommodation the nearest hotel is the drienerburght hotel at the campus of the university of twente , near the conference site ( less than 50 metres ) . the hotel phone number is + 31 53 331366 and the fax number is + 31 53 356770 . please let us know if you would like us to make a reservation for you . looking forward to seeing you all in enschede , the local organizers , anton nijholt toine anderhach
",0
637,"Subject: conf : speech and language engineering
 
 twente workshop on language technology 8 ( twlt8 ) speech and language engineering location : university of twente enschede , the netherlands december 1 and 2 , 1994 workshop organized under auspices of the dutch nwo priority programme on speech and language , the special interest group on parsing technologies ( sigparse ) of the association of computational linguistics ( acl ) and the centre of telematics and information technology ( ctit ) of the university of twente . * * * * * * * * program * * * * * * * * registration from 10 . 00-10 . 55 lectures start at 10 . 55 ( order shown is not necessarily the order of presentations ) speech and language integration . loe boves , university of nijmegen , the netherlands the wallstreet journal task : unlimited vocabular , speaker independent , article dictation . christian dugast , philips , aachen , germany analysis of the dutch polyphone corpus . paul van alphen , ptt research , the netherlands spontaneous speech phenomena in naive - user interactions . paolo baggia , e . gerbino , e . giachin , & c . rullent cselt , torino , italy the potential role of prosody in automatic speech recognition . louis ten bosch , ipo , eindhoven , the netherlands assessment of speech recognition systems . h . j . m . steeneken , tno human factors research soesterberg , the netherlands the role of prosody in human speech recognition . james m . mcqueen , mpi , nijmegen , the netherlands lectures start at 0 . 900 ( order shown is not necessarily the order of presentations ) prediction and disambiguation by means of data - oriented parsing . rens bod and remko scha university of amsterdam , the netherlands the speech - language interface in the spoken language translator . david carter & manny rayner , sri international cambridge , u . k . generation of spoken monologues . k . v . deemter , j . landsbergen , r . leermakers & j . odijk , ipo , eindhoven , the netherlands simple speech recognition with little linguistic creatures . marc drossaers , university of twente enschede , the netherlands word agent based natural language processing . hermann helbig & andreas mertens fernuniversitdt hagen , germany schisma : a natural language accessible theatre information and booking system . g . f . van der hoeven et al . , university of twente enschede , the netherlands phoneme - level speech and natural language integration for agglutinative languages . geunbae lee et al . , pohang university hyoja - dong , pohang , korea on the intersection of finite state automata and definite clause grammars . gertjan van noord , alfa - informatica rug groningen , the netherlands an efficient head and left corner parser in its environment . g . veldhuijzen van zanten & r . op den akker university of twente , enschede , the netherlands time - synchronous chart parsing of speech integrating unification grammars with statistics . location the workshop will be held in the vrijhof building of the university of twente , enschede , the netherlands . more information will be obtained after registration . registration regular registration fee is dfl . 150 , . students pay dfl . 50 , . this includes lunches , refreshments , proceedings and an informal reception . payment should be done on site . yes , i registrate for twlt8 : speech& language engineering on december 1 and 2 , 1994 ; regular registration fee dfl . 150 , - ; student fee dfl . 50 , . payment can be done on site . name address : < use as many lines you need > student : yes no help with hotel accommodation : yes no for more information contact the organizing secretariat : bijron @ cs . utwente . nl or hoogvlie @ cs . utwente . nl . the secretariat provides also information about hotel accommodation and can make reservations .
",0
638,"Subject: conference announcement
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * first announcement * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * groningen assembly on language acquisition 1995 university of groningen the netherlands 7 - 9 september 1995 the conference aims to bring together researchers willing to discuss the merits and constraints of different theoretical approaches to language acquisition , in particular generative linguistics , constructionism , dynamic systems modelling , and connectionism . invited speakers harald clahsen university of essex annette karmiloff - smith mrc cog dev unit london kim plunkett university of oxford luigi rizzi university of geneva paul van geert university of groningen a first call for papers and conference preregistration will appear in february 1995 . the abstracts-deadline will be april 30 , 1995 . abstracts may cover all aspects of language acquisition rela - ting to the core areas of linguistics , including phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics and the interfaces . selection of abstracts will be based on not only their quality but also their potential to contribute to the conference 's interactive objective . for further information : charlotte koster , frank wijnen gala 1995 coordinators university of groningen , dutch dept . postbus 716 9700 as groningen , the netherlands e-mail : gala95 @ let . rug . nl fax : + 31 50 634900 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
639,"Subject: ii jornadas de linguistica aborigen
 
 ii jornadas de linguistica aborigen buenos aires , argentina 15-18 de noviembre de 1994 facultad de filosofia y letras instituto de linguistica comision organizadora ana gerzenstein ana fernandez garay lucia golluscio pedro viegas barros yolanda gutierrez secretaria : susana b . andreotta programa de actividades academicas pre-jornadas seminario de doctorado . dr . christos clairis . "" sintaxis funcional con aplicacion a las lenguas indoamericanas "" curso . dr . rodolfo cerron palomino . "" politicas linguisticas "" programa de actividades de las jornadas 1a . jornada . martes 15 de noviembre acreditacion y apertura trabajo en comisiones comision 1 . linguistica descriptiva . censabella , marisa . primeras conclusiones acerca de la dinamica del sistema fonologico de la lengua toba garcia-medall , joaquin . transitivizacion prefijal en guarani gualdieri , beatriz . acerca de la vibrante en mocovi ( guaycuru ) martinez webster , m . ethel . los sustantivos "" construidos "" en la lengua miskitu comision 2 . linguistica historico-comparativa y dialectologia . aguiar , maria sueli de . classificacao das linguas pano guzman betancourt , ignacio . para una historia de la nocion de dialecto referida a las lenguas amerindias porto cavalcante , marita y luiz mauricio rios . estudo fonologico contrastivo : xavante x xerente veloso borges , m nica . diferencas entre a fala feminina e a masculina na lingua karaja comision 3 . educacion bilingue e intercultural . gonzalez perez , benjamin . lineamientos de una propuesta para una educacion bilingue en mexico messineo , cristina . cartillas de alfabetizacion y libros de lectura . descontextualizacion y recontextualizacion de los discursos toba pires , nadia nascimento . a educacao na lingua djeoromitxi ( jabuti ) yapita , juan de dios . bilingue o liwinki ? problemas de traduccion aymara-castellano en los materiales de ensenanza de educacion bilingue e intercultural 2a . jornada . miercoles 16 de noviembre trabajo en comisiones ( continuacion ) comision 4 . politicas linguisticas . drumond mendes barros , maria c . uma modalidade de pergunta missionaria mercado lobos , estela h . replanteo del estudiodel huarpe , lengua amerindia sudamericana desaparecida en los siglos xvii-xviii quiroga salcedo , cesar e . presupuestos para elestudio linguistico del huarpe diaz-fernandez , antonio e . la antroponimia aborigen oficial de la provincia del chubut comision 5 . lenguas en contacto . alvarez-santullano busch , pilar y constantino contreras . el castellano hablado por huilliches . fernandez lavaque , ana m . dos quechuismos morfosintacticos en extincion en el espanol del area de salta ( noroeste argetino ) ibanez caselli , maria a . sobre los usos de la lengua madre en una situacion de bilinguismo . el caso del toba en el barrio las malvinas , la plata wright , pablo . cosmologia , ritual y cambio decodigo . una experiencia toba comision 6 . analisis de textos . arnold , denise y . las canciones a los animales por las mujeres del altiplano boliviano : tecnicas dememoria en una tradicion oral balmayor , emilce . textualidad vs . sucesion en el cuento ranquel bentes , anna christina y nadia nascimento pires . analise de textos mitologicos em djeoromitxi golluscio , lucia y claudia briones . discurso y metadiscurso como procesos de produccion cultural mesa redonda muerte de lenguas . panelistas : dres . willem adelaar , christos clairis y ana fernandez garay . moderadora : dra . ana gerzenstein trabajo en comisiones ( continuacion ) comision 1a . linguistica descriptiva . bigot , margot . lexemas verbales de la lengua qom ( toba ) : expresion del espacio fernandez garay , ana v . la posesion en tehuelche . liuzzi , silvio m . la oclusion glotal inicial . algunos casos en avan ' serafini , mirta h . y lidia n . bruno . relaciones estructurales lexicas en verbos denominales y deadjetivales mapuches comision 2a . linguistica historica-comparativa y dialectologia . armatto de welti , zulema ines . analisiscontrastivos de los morfemos pararradicales : marcascircunfijos postfijos del guarani yopara y del goyano diaz de martinez , lucinda del c . sentido religioso en antroponimos de humahuaca en el siglo xviii nunes , jose h . el concepto de letra y las reglas ortograficas en el "" arte "" de jose de anchieta viegas barros , j . pedro . la reconstruccion de los personales en proto-chon comision 5a . lenguas en contacto . de granda , german . dos procesos paralelos de modificacion distribucional por contacto en el noroeste y nordeste argentinos . las construcciones verbales causativas martorell de laconi , susana . fenomenos sintacticos en el espanol del n . o . a . posibles interferencias del quichua colonial pereira , maria c . um estudo linguistico da interfer nca lexical e fonologica na fala dos guias turisticos em foz de iguacu postigo de de bedia , ana m . y lucinda del c . diaz de martinez . el incierto destino del bilinguismo quechua-espanol en jujuy conferencia plenaria dr . wiliem f . h . adelaar : "" raices linguisticas del quechua de santiago del estero "" . 3a . jornada . jueves 17 de noviembre . trabajo en comisiones ( continuacion ) comision 1b . linguistica descriptiva . damaso vieira , marcia . a derivacao da incorporacao nominal em tupinamba ( tupi - guarani ) dorigo , carmen t . marcas aspecto-temporais na lingua matses ( pano ) gerzenstein , ana . lengua maka . el sistema tiempo , aspecto , modo martin , eusebia h . aspectos fonologicos de la lengua chimane comision 5b . lenguas en contacto . grosser lerner , eva . acerca de la traducibilidad de las lenguas indigenas postigo de de bedia , ana m . la enunciacion negativa en bilingues de quechua y espanol unamuno , virginia . hacia una descripcion del proceso de sustitucion linguistica en un barrio marginal del gran buenos aires zigaran , julia . lenguas en contacto : espanol-lenguas aborigenes en la provincia de salta comision 6a . analisis de textos . clemente de souza , tania c . enunciacao e oralidade : um estudo em textos bakairi ( carib ) kuramochi , yosuke y maria e . merino dickinson . proposicion teorico-metodologica para la traduccion de manifestaciones verbales indigenas : el caso del mapudungun merino dickinson , maria e . . calidad e intencion de la palabra en dos textos orales mapuches perez rasetti , carlos . sintaxis narrativa y nocion de historia en relatos de origen tehuelche meridional conferencia plenaria dr . rodolfo cerron palomino . "" tendencias actuales de la linguistica andina "" . trabajo en comisiones ( continuacion ) comision 1c . linguistica descriptiva . braunstein , jose . una hipotesis sobre un pidgin chaqueno guimaraes romankevicius costa , raquel . manifestacoes da ergatividade em marubo ( pano ) juliao , maria r . s . as classes de palavras emanambe orellana m . de quineche , amanda . toponimia de la provincia de juli ( puno - peru ) . analisis morfologico comision 5c . lenguas en contacto . bravo , domingo a . penetracion guarani en la linguistica santiaguena martinez , angelita . variacion linguistica y etnopragmatica : dos caminos paralelos perez saez , vicente y fanny perez saez . mapa etnolinguistico de la republica argentina . informe ruminawi . rasgos quechuizantes en el espanol del n . o . a : el pronombre enfatico / "" que "" comision 7 . lexicografia bilingue . fernandez , maria del r . y rodolfo r . hachen . de las categorias lexicas al universo simbolico stroppa , maria cecilia . el guarani goyano y la necesidad de un diccionario adecuado mesa redonda "" educacion bilingue e intercultural "" . panelistas : profs . cesar fernandez , benjamin gonzalez perez , cristina messineo y lic . pablo wright . moderadora : dra . lucia a . golluscio 4a . jornada . viernes 18 de noviembre . trabajo en comisiones ( continuacion ) comision 1d . linguistica descriptiva . corbera mori , angel . a queda de vogais noaguaruna ( jivaro ) faco soares , marilia . ritmo e tom em tikuna guerra , ana maria . sintematica yagan comision 3a . educacion bilingue e intercultural . acuna , leonor y andrea menegotto . dativos sin "" a "" y verbos pronominales sin "" se "" en el espanol de areamapuche araujo , leopoldina m . educacao diferenciada , fundamento da cidadania na amaz nia currulef , cesar a . y elena n . pizzio . anteproyecto de escuela de educacion bilingue . konumpan / ( "" traerlo a la memoria "" ) malvestiti , marisa . lengua y cultura mapuche en rio negro . conceptualizacion desde el sistema educativo conferencia plenaria dra . yolanda lastra : "" avances en la investigacion sobre lenguas indigenas en mexico en los ultimos diez anos "" . "" musica e identidad : los rituales religiosos de los mbya ( guaranies ) de la argentina "" . conferencia a cargo de la etnomusicologa lic . irma ruiz , con ilustraciones musicales cine antropologico ( videos ) panel de clausura 18 : 00 balance y perspectivas de la linguistica aborigen . propuestas para la creacion de una sociedad que reuna a los estudiosos de este campo . panelistas : pilar alvarez santullano , margot bigot , lidia bruno , tania clemente de souza , yolanda lastra , cesar quiroga salcedo , amanda orellana de quineche , juan de dios yapita . moderador : lic . pedro viegas barros informes e inscripcion instituto de linguistica - facultad de filosofia y letras universidad de buenos aires 25 de mayo 221 , 1o . piso ( 1002 ) buenos aires argentina telefono : 54-343 - 1196 , 342-5922 , 334-7512 fax : ( 54 ) ( 1 ) 343-2733 lunes a viernes de 10 a 19 hs . nomina de expositores por paises 1 . argentina 1a . capital federal y gran buenos aires acuna , leonor . arcos 1524 , 1426 capital federal . balmayor , emilce . gral . martinez 1457 , 1426 capital federal briones , claudia . rivadavia 5141 ( 13 "" d "" ) , 1424 capital federal . fernandez garay , ana v . peru 1 . 098 ( 4 "" g "" ) , 1068 capital federal gerzenstein , ana . laprida 1 . 224 ( 11 "" a "" ) , 1425 capital federal . golluscio , lucia . diaz velez 285 , ( depto . 43 ) , 1870 avellaneda . martin , eusebia h . mendiondo 1347 , 1830 luis guillon . martinez , angelita . esmeralda 1038 ( 1er . p ) , 1007 capital federal . messineo , cristina . cochrane 3151 , 1419 capital federal . unamuno , virginia . franciso beiro 1175 , 1602 florida . viegas barros , j . pedro . balbastro 3392 , 1754 san justo . wright , pablo . carlos casares 1357 , 1644 victoria . 1 . b . interior buenos aires ibanez caselli , maria a . calle 10 , no 1206 , 1900 la plata . menegotto , andrea , boulevard maritimo 3155 ( 5to . "" 19 "" ) , 5600 mar del plata . cordoba martinez webster , maria e . san martin 141 , 5900 villa maria . ruminawi . 27 de abril 849 ( p . b . "" d "" ) , 5000 cordoba . chubut diaz - fernandez , antonio e . casilla 61 , 9200 esquel . formosa braunstein , jose . casilla 14 , 3630 las lomitas . jujuy diaz de martinez , lucinda del c . otero 262 , 4600 san salvador de jujuy . postigo de de bedia , ana m . otero 262 , 4600 san salvador de jujuy . neuquen bruno , lidia n . salvatori 50 , mod . d2 , pb "" b "" , 8300 - neuquen . fernandez , cesar . san martin 1474 , 8324 - cipolletti . serafini , mirta h . los gladiolos 546 , 8300 - neuquen . rio negro currulef , cesar a . juana borna 1656 , 8500 viedma . malvestiti , marisa . casilla de correo 6 , 8418 ing . jacobacci . pizzio , elena n . gobernador castello 178 , 8500 viedma . salta fernandez lavaque , ana m . gral . juan c . sanchez 743 , ciudad del milagro , 4400 salta . martorell de laconi , susana . santiago del estero 556 , 4400 salta . perez saez , fanny . hipolito irigoyen 63 , 4400 salta . perez saez , vicente . hipolito irigoyen 63 , 4400 salta . zigaran , julia . santiago del estero 354 , 4400 salta . san juan mercado lobos , estela h . instituto de investigaciones linguisticas y filologicas , universidad nacional de san juan , avda . jose i . de la roza 235 ( oeste ) , 5400 san juan . quiroga salcedo , cesar e . instituto de investigaciones linguisticas y filologicas , universidad nacional de san juan , avda . jose i . de la roza 235 ( oeste ) , 5400 san juan . santa cruz perez rasetti , carlos . lisandro de la torre 860 , 9400 riogallegos . santa fe armatto de welti , zulema i . mendoza 1349 ( 7 "" a "" ) , 2000 rosario . bigot , margot . avda libertad 336 ( piso 9 ) , 2000 rosario . censabella , marisa . san martin 507 ( 7 , "" 7 "" ) , 2000 rosario . fernandez , maria del r . lisandro de la torre 757 , 2152 granadero baigorria . hachen , rodolfo r . lisandro de la torre 757 , 2152 granadero baigorria . stroppa , maria c . 3 de febrero 3653 , 2000 rosario . santiago del estero bravo , domingo . san carlos 176 , 4300 la banda . 2 . exterior bolivia yapita , juan de dios . ilca , casilla 2681 , la paz . arnold , denise y . ilca , casilla 2681 , la paz . brasil aguiar , maria sueli de . rua republica do libano , 2311 ap . 402 , setor oeste , goi nia , goias . araujo , leopoldina m . avda . gov . jose malcher 2020-1501 , 66060-230 belem , para . bentes , anna ch . avda . bernardo sayao s / no . , belem , para . clemente de souza , tania c . rua lara vilela 126 , sao domingos , niteroi , 24210 - rio de janeiro . corbera mori , angel . rua luiz vicentim 302 , barao geraldo , 13084-600 campinas , sao paulo . damaso vieira , marcia . quinta da boa vista , sao cristovao , 20940-040 rio de janeiro . dorigo , carmen t . quinta da boa vista , sao cristovao , 20940-040 rio de janeiro . drumond mendes barros , maria c . rua barao de triunfo 3111 , casa 6 , 66093-050 marco - belem - para . faco soares , marilia . quinta da boa vista , sao cristovao , 20940-040 rio de janeiro . gualdieri , c . beatriz . rua angelo vicentim 117 , fundos , barao geraldo , 13084-230 campinas , sao paulo . guimaraes romankevicius costa , r . quinta da boa vista , saocristovao , 20940-040 rio de janeiro . juliao , maria r . s . rua itupiranga 56 , 66600-330 , belem , para . nunes , jose h . rua francisco pereira coutinho 151 , ap . 62 a , 13088-100 campinas , sao paulo . pereira , maria c . jose vicente r . correa , foz do iguacu , parana . pires , nadia n . museu paraense emilio goeldi , av . magalhaes barata , 66040 belem , para . p rto cavalcante , marita . rua 17 - a , 646 , apto . 102 - s . aerop . , 74070100 , goi nia , goias . rios , luiz m . rua 17 - a , 646 , apto . 102 - s . aerop . 74070100 , goi nia , goias . veloso borges , m nica . rua 15 , 56v . pai eterno , 75380000 , trindade , goias . chile alvarez - santullano busch , pilar . depto . de humanidades y arte , universidad de los lagos , casilla 933 , osorno . contreras , constantino . universidad de la frontera , casilla54 - d , temuco . guerra , ana m . etchevers 571 ( depto . 40 "" b "" ) , vina del mar . kuramochi , yosuke . avda . alemania 0422 , cp 15 - d , temuco . merino dickinson , maria e . avda . alemania 0422 , cp 15 - d , temuco . espana de granda , german . facultad de filosofia y letras , universidad de valladolid , 47002 valladolid . garcia medall , joaquin . c / de las angustias , 11 , p . 7 , cp 47003 vallodolid . francia clairis , christos , 5 rue vercingetorix , 75014 paris . liuzzi , silvio m . 44 , rue de l ' amiral mouchez , 75014 paris . holanda adelaar , willem f . h . vakgroep vtw , pb 9515 , 2300 leiden - nl . mexico gonzalez perez , benjamin . museo nacional de antropologia , paseo de la reforma y gandhi , 11560 mexico df . grosser lerner , eva . museo nacional de antropologia , paseo de la reforma y gandhi , 11560 mexico df . guzman betancourt , ignacio . museo nacional de antropologia , paseo de la reforma y gandhi , 11560 mexico df . lastra , yolanda . instituto de investigaciones antropologicas , unam , c . u . , delegacion coyoacan , 04510 mexico df . peru cerron palomino , rodolfo . universidad nacional mayor de san marcos , a . p . no . 210035 , lima 21 . orellana m . de quineche , amanda . universidad ricardo palma , apartado postal 14-0316 , lima . nomina de lenguas objeto de estudio aguaruna ( peru : fam . jivaro ) aimara ( peru , bolivia , chile , argentina ; fam . aimara ) allentiac : vease huarpe anambe ( brasil ; fam . tupi - guarani ) aonek ' enk : vease tehuelche araucano : vease mapudungun avane ' : vease guarani aymara : vease aimara bakairi ( fam . caribe ) chimane ( bolivia ; fam . moseten ) djeoromitxi ( brasil ; fam . yabuti ) guarani ( paraguay , argentina , uruguay : fam . tupi - guarani ) guarani goyano : vease guarani huarpe ( argentina ; fam . huarpe ) huilliche : vease mapudungun karaya ( brasil ; fam . karaya ) maka ( paraguay ; fam . mataguayo ) mapuche : vease mapudungun mapudungun ( chile , argentina ; fam . mapudungun ) mapuzungun : vease mapudungun marubo ( brasil : fam . pano ) matses ( brasil : fam . pano ) millcayac : vease huarpe miskitu ( nicaragua , honduras ; fam . misumalpa ) mocovi ( argentina ; fam . guaicuru ) ona : vease selknam pano , familia ( peru , brasil , bolivia ) parkat j ( brasil ; fam . ye ) qom : vease toba quechua ( peru , bolivia , argentina , ecuador , colombia ; fam . quechua ) : quichua : vease quechua ranquel : vease mapudungun selknam ( argentina , chile ; fam . chon ) tehuelche ( argentina , chile ; fam . chon ) tehuelche meridional : vease tehuelche tikuna ( brasil , colombia , peru ; fam . tikuna ) timbira : vease parkat j toba ( argentina , paraguay , bolivia ; fam . guaicuru ) tupi ( brasil : fam . tupi - guarani ) tupinamba : vease tupi xavante ( brasil ; fam . ye ) xerente ( brasil ; fam . ye ) yagan ( chile , argentina ; fam . yagan ) yamana : vease yagan yopara : vease guarani ultimas publicaciones del instituto de linguistica facultad de filosofia y letras universidad de buenos aires actas . primeras jornadas de linguistica aborigen . 6 y 7 de octubre de 1992 . 1993 . ed . a cargo de j . pedro viegas barros lengua maka . estudio descriptivo . 1994 . por : ana gerzenstein . coleccion : "" nuestra america "" , no . 1 signo & sena . revista del instituto de linguistica . 1992 . no . 1 . discurso / historia . 1993 . no . 2 . el habla visual . linguistica de las lenguas de senas . coordinadora : maria ignacia massone 1994 . no . 3 . etnolinguistica . pueblos y lenguas en la america aborigen . coordinadora : ana gerzenstein temas de linguistica aborigen . 1991 . coordinacion y presentacion : ana gerzenstein jose angel alvarez postmast @ lingui . uba . edu . ar
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640,"Subject: job advertisment for computational linguists and lexicographers
 
 we are a translation company based in barcelona specialising in machine translation . at the moment we are working on a machine translation project to translate from spanish to english and we need a computational linguist and a lexicographer to complete the team . we would be grateful if you could publicise the job requirements and pass on the information to any other potential sources of candidates for the posts . the jobs are for 16 - 18 months , depending on when the canddates start work . the requirements for the posts are as follows : computational linguist a university qualification in computational linguistics and practical experience in computer programming . either a native english speaker with a high level of written spanish ( preferably with a degree in spanish ) , or a native spanish speaker with a high level of written english ( proficiency or a degree in english ) experience in projects involving computational linguistics , especially machine translation , an advantage . lexicographer fluent in english and spanish , preferably bilingual . linguistic awareness and familiarity with the grammar of both languages . experience in working with computers at user level . experience in compiling technical dictionaries and in translating technical texts an advantage . applicants should send their curriculum vitae and a letter of introduction in both spanish and english to : incyta s . l . c . lluis muntadas , 5 08940 cornella spain or via e-mail to : incyta @ incyta . es thanking you in advance incyta s . l .
",0
641,"Subject: announcement of opening
 
 contingent upon funding , a tenure-track position in spanish / french at california state university , los angeles , fall 95 . phd / abd in spanish or romance linguistics . native or near-native proficiency in both languages ; fluent english . ability to teach courses in language , civ . , and lit . in both spanish and french . priority to candidates with competence in colonial and 19th century latin american literature and french linguistics . assistant / associate . letter of app . , cv , min 3 letters to : joseph chrzanowski , chair department of modern languages & literatures california state university , los angeles 5151 state university drive los angeles , ca 90032-8112 applications accepted until position filled . completed applications received by december 15 , 1995 to be considered for interview at mla .
",0
642,"Subject: job announcement
 
 position announcement french lexicographer compuserve , the world 's largest online information service is seeking a part-time ( approx . 15 hours per week ) french lexicographer to assist in development of its online english - french machine translation service . the french lexicographer will perform the following duties : collect and analyze english and french text samples to identify new terminology . evaluate proposed terminology additions for machine translation software , assess frequency of usage and contexts , develop dictionary entry research translations for new terminology code new terminology and grammatical characteristics for machine translation software . conduct performance and quality test procedures for added terminology in various contexts . identify , analyze and resolve various levels of dictionary problems through analysis of output and edits to machine translation dictionary . identify and record system software problems for submission to software developer . qualifications : the candidate should be a native speaker of french with fluency in english and knowledge of linguistics and grammar . the candidate should be familiar with french computer terminology . a bachelor 's degree in linguistics is preferred , but a college senior with strong qualifications would be considered . the candidate must also have good verbal , written and interpersonal skills in english and an aptitude for detail and accuracy . knowledge of unix , and computational lexicography experience with machine translation , or experience involving a related natural language processing project are desirable . salary : commensurate with experience . contact information : please mail , email or fax resume to : dr . mary flanagan group leader , natural language technologies compuserve 2 university office park , suite 212 51 sawyer road waltham , ma 02154 mflanagan @ csi . compuserve . com t : 617-893 - 2758 f : 617-893 - 7727
",0
643,"Subject: 
 
 the latest issue ( 1994 n01 ) of etudes de lettres the publication of the faculty of letters of the university of lausanne has appeared , and is devoted to linguistics : "" les sciences du langage : enjeux et perspectives "" . contents : patrick seriot : preface . jean - michel adam : passe simple et passe compose , une opposition temporelle ou enonciative ? anne - claude berthoud : paroles a propos . anne dutka : pour une analyse linguistique du discour de la critique litteraire . morteza mahmoudian : mythes et realites en semantique . lorenza mondada : quelques enjeux d ' une approche discursive des faits de langue . marianne kilani-schoch : linguistique et aphasie . patrick seriot : aux sources du structuralisme : une controverse biologique en russie . frangois rosset , catherine seylaz-dubuis : ceci n ' est pas un texte : parcours bibliographique vers une definition du texte . claude sandoz : une discipline carrefour : la linguistique indo-europeenne . chronique annuelle de la faculte des lettres . this issue can be ordered from etudes de lettres , universite de lausanne , bfsh2 , ch-1015 lausanne for the price of frs 18 . - ( swiss francs ) . e - mail : troessle @ ulys . unil . ch
",0
644,"Subject: 
 
 romance ling davis , stuart @ napoli , donna jo a prosodic template in historical change : the passage of the latin second conjugation into romance 1994 170pp . paperbound approx . usd 30 rosenberg & sellier via andrea doria 14 , i-10123 torino ( credit card accepted ) the book offers a novel approach to a longstanding problem , the demise of the latin 2nd conjugation . the authors show that a prosodic analysis may account for the historical change that occurred in italianm romanian , french , provencal , catalan , and several raeto - romance dialects . it is a successful application of prosodic morphology to a diachronic problem . fax : + + 39 / ( 0 ) 50 / 563513 i-56126 pisa / / / / / syntax the syntax and pragmatics of anaphora a study with special reference to chinese ( cambridge studies in linguistics 70 ) cambridge university press yan huang department of linguistics , university of reading this book develops a pragmatic theory of anaphora within the neo - gricean framework of conversational implicature . chomsky claims that anaphora reflects underlying principles of innate universal grammar , and the view is widely held that only syntactic and semantic factors are crucial to intrasentential anaphora . yan huang questions the basis of the government and binding approach and argues that syntax and pragmatics are interconnected in determining many anaphoric processes . furthermore , he proposes that the extent to which syntax and pragmatics interact varies typologically . there exists a class of language ( such as chinese , japanese and korean ) in which pragmatics plays a central role that in familiar european languages is alleged to be played by grammar . yan huang 's pragmatic theory has far-reaching implications for this important issue in theoretical linguistics . 1994 , 349 pp . hardback 0 521 41887 9 dwivedi , veena . ( university of massachusetts , amherst ) ; syntactic dependencies and relative phrases in hindi , pb . xvii + 249 pp . ph . d . dissertation , 1994 . $ 16 + s / h ( $ 3 domestic , $ 4 foreign surface ) . graduate linguistic student association ( glsa ) , university of massachusetts , amherst . this dissertation explores various syntactic dependencies from relative phrases in hindi . in addition to scrambling , topicalisation and left dislocation , topic dislocation is recognized . this non-movement relation is limited to referential nps which are related to null pronominals ; because no movement is involved , topic dislocation is not subject to subjancency . several cases of asymmetric coordination , including correlatives and ' that ' clauses , are also explored in detail . for further information , contact glsa @ linguist . umass . edu . phonology sherer , tim d . ( university of massachusetts , amherst ) ; prosodic phonotactics , pb . xiii + 225 pp . ph . d . dissertation , 1994 . $ 16 + s / h ( $ 3 domestic , $ 4 foreign surface ) . graduate linguistic student association ( glsa ) , university of massachusetts , amherst . this dissertation deals with the possibility of having syllable final consonants , including geminate consonants , and the interaction of such consonants with syllable weight and vowel length , by means of the moraic tier . the goal of this work is to have the range of patterns of consonant occurrence and vowel length follow from simple patterns in simple interactions . predictions about possible phonological patterns are made via the interaction of simple constraints in optimality theory . extensive treatments of over-filled ( hypercharacterized ) syllables , appendix consonants and gemination are provided . rosenthall , sam . ( university of massachusetts , amherst ) ; vowel / glide alternation in a theory of constraint interaction , pb . viii + 243 pp . ph . d . dissertation , 1994 . $ 16 + s / h ( $ 3 domestic , $ 4 foreign surface ) . graduate linguistic student association ( glsa ) , university of massachusetts , amherst . this work examines the distribution of high vowels and glides using optimality theory . the distribution of high vowels and glides is shown to be a consequence of simultaneously comparing moraic and nonmoraic syllabifications of high vowels for satisfaction of phonological constraints . three main phenomena are investigated : the syllabification of vowel sequences in languages with only surface monophthongal vowels , the interaction of stress and high vowel distribution , and the phenomenon of glide vocalization . for further information , contact glsa @ linguist . umass . edu .
",0
645,"Subject: special issues
 
 names , the journal of the american name society , is planning two special issues for late 1995 or early 1996 . the first is on ' computers in onomastic research , ' and the second ' statistics in onomastic research . ' if you would like to contribute to one ( or both ) of these special issues , send a 1 - page idea paper to the editor at the address below . nothing has to be definite at this time , but i would expect that both issues would deal with problems faced in name research and how computers ( and statistics ) could contribute to solving them . i put a similar notice on the american name society list and found that there was wide-spread interest in both areas . so if you would like to contribute , send the idea paper to me shortly , by either hard copy , fax or email . edward callary , editor , editor , names english department northern illinois university dekalb , il 60116 fax : 815-753 - 0606 email : tb0exc1 @ mvs . cso . niu . edu ( make sure you type zero rather than o after tb ) i hope to hear from people from a variety of disciplines who have an interest in names . please let me know if you have questions or comments .
",0
646,"Subject: cartoons
 
 i am currently undertaking research on the visual aspects of cartoons , and would like to get hold of some examples of cartoons published outside the uk . can anyone help by sending me some ? ( i ' m happy to refund postage ) . any style , genre , language - from newspapers , magazines , childrens ' comics . . . thanks in advance to anyone who can help . e-mail for queries = s . goodman @ open . ac . uk snail mail = school of education , open university , walton hall , milton keynes mk7 6aa , england , uk .
",0
647,"Subject: spanish terms
 
 i am looking for the spanish translations of the following terms and wonder if anyone can help me : - tense / lax ( vowel ) - extrametrical - heavy / light ( syllable ) - ( syllable ) weight - onset , coda , rhyme - ( phonological ) government - interlanguage thanks in advance for your help . my e-mail address is : archibal @ acs . ucalgary . ca - - john archibald department of linguistics university of calgary phone : ( 403 ) 220-7316 e - mail : archibal @ acs . ucalgary . ca
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648,"Subject: * both . . . and
 
 i discovered in a class yesterday that most of my younger undergraduates rejected both as a correlative conjunction , as in ( 1 ) , while allowing either . . . or without any complaints at all . ( 1 ) a john both drinks wine and smokes cigars . b john drinks both wine and beer . they were both clear and unanimous . has anyone else found this ? is it a change , or has both . . . and always been the kind of thing you only learned by reading lots of books ( which our youngsters do n't do ) ? dick hudson dept of phonetics and linguistics , university college london , gower street , london wc1e 6bt uclyrah @ ucl . ac . uk
",0
649,"Subject: top 10 bibliographies
 
 i am looking for the all-time - bar-none best bibliographies on the broad and general topic of linguistics . not narrowly defined by anything . if you have a suggestion for me please respond and tell me where i can find it , either in print or on the internet somewhere . thanks in advance ! ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ p e a r l b e r t r a n d gallagher law library internet : bertrand @ u . washington . edu condon hall jb-20 voice : ( 206 ) 548-9456 1100 ne campus parkway fax : 206-548 - 9458 seattle , wa 98105 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
",0
650,"Subject: searching for west african and indian texts
 
 dear colleagues , we are doing some research on world englishes which will compare the short story fiction rhetorical style of the following groups : west african male writers west african female writers indian ( sub-continent ) male writers indian ( sub-coninent ) female writers we would like to use short stories written within the last ten years ( 1984-1994 ) and need help creating a database . so , we are looking for the following . names and publication data for : 1 ) female and male writers from india who write in english 2 ) female and male writers from west africa who write in english as well as 3 ) any information regarding contrastive rhetoric , especially comparing the varieties listed above thank you for your help bill eggington wendy baker * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dr . william eggington 3164 jkhb , english department brigham young university , provo , utah 84604 u . s . a . ph : ( 801 ) 378-3483 fax : ( 801 ) 378-4649 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
651,"Subject: optimality bibliography
 
 version 1 . 5 of the bibliography of work on optimality theory is available by anonymous ftp from ruccs . rutgers . edu ( see the file readme in the directory pub / ot / texts ) . various word-processing formats are provided . persons unable to use ftp can request an ascii version of the bibliography by sending an e-mail request to jmccarthy @ linguist . umass . edu . please include "" optimality bibliography "" in the subject line of your message . the bibliography includes references to approximately 150 papers and 70 handouts . john mccarthy & alan prince moderators ' note : the readme file is available in world wide web through the "" linguistic datasources "" link in the header of the web version of linguist .
",0
652,"Subject: new mailing list ( nynorsk )
 
 there is a new mailing list for people using or interested in nynorsk ( "" new norwegian "" ) : "" internettet maallag "" . as nynorsk is a minority language with low presitige the intention of the list is to serve as a meeting point for "" nynorskers "" on the net . this is also reflected in the name of the list : "" maallag "" ( ' language association ' ) is a word used by many nynorsk organisations , most of which are regional branches of noregs maallag ( but not all of them ) . it will of course not be of interest to subscribe to the list if you do n't understand ( new ) norwegian . to subscribe to internettet maallag write to < iml-request @ math . uio . no > . jardar eggesboe abrahamsen jardar @ nvg . unit . no noreg heiter landet .
",0
653,"Subject: cognitive science technical reports from ircs
 
 the institute for research in cognitive science publishes a series of technical reports , representing papers drawn from the fields of computer and information science , linguistics , mathematics , neuroscience , philosophy , and psychology . bound versions of the technical reports are available from the institute for a small fee , while on-line versions of all current ( 1994 ) technical reports are freely available on-line . attached is a list of abstracts for recently published papers . the entire abstract list will be submitted to the linguist listserv as a file . requests for technical-reports should be sent to : jodi kerper institute for research in cognitive science 3401 walnut street suite 400c philadelphia , pa 19104-6228 requests for copies should include a check or money order made payable to "" trustees of the university of pennsylvania . "" on - line versions of the reports may be obtained via anonymous ftp from the address ftp . cis . upenn . edu in the directory pub / ircs / technical-reports . the reports are stored as compressed postscript files and are listed by tr number . the reports may also be obtained through electronic mail by sending the message "" send guide "" to ircsserv @ ftp . cis . upenn . edu . you will receive a reply containing a guide on using the information server program . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = recent ircs reports = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ircs-tr - 1991-1994 technical report series abstract listing , 1991-1994 ( this report contains a list of all technical papers and abstracts , including papers from 1991-1993 ) . no charge ircs-94 - 14 $ 3 . 69 a general framework for hybrid substructural categorial logics mark hepple some recent categorial proposals have employed structural modalities , modal operators which allow explicit management of resource sensitivity in linguistic derivation . various theoretical , computational and practical problems arise for the use of such operators . i propose an alternative general model of hybrid substructural systems , in which different substructural logics ( i . e . logics differing in their resource usage characteristics ) are brought together into a single system , and which eliminates the need of structural modalities by exploiting natural relations between different substructural levels in terms of the relative informativeness of their characterizations . under this model , the range of substructural levels form a single unified descriptive system , which should facilitate writing grammars for individual languages , and provide a better basis for cross-linguistic generalization . ircs-94 - 15 $ 1 . 05 binding and control in ccg and its relatives mark steedman the ccg account of the unbounded constructions - in particular , relativisation and coordination - generalizes the notion of surface structure in a way that disrupts traditional notions of dominance and command . this has led researchers in other frameworks to suggest that the theory is fundamentally incompatible with a coherent theory of binding and control - the bounded constructions . the present paper offers a theory of binding in ccg which preserves the original account of the unbounded dependencies , and which renders it immediately compatible with other theories , tag in particular . the theory requires the abandonment of one assumption that has been traditional ( though not essential ) in other categorial approaches . the significance of the move is discussed . ircs-94 - 16 $ 3 . 66 null subjects in early child english and the theory of economy of projection tom roeper bernhard rohrbacher in this paper , we present new evidence showing that some of the empty subjects produced by young children acquiring english cannot be subsumed under the performance limitation analysis of bloom ( 1990 ) or the topic - drop analysis of rizzi ( 1994 ) . we argue contra sano & hyams ( 1994 ) that these missing subjects are instances of pro , not pro , and demonstrate that the economy-based pro-drop theory of speas ( 1994 ) handles our data in an elegant fashion . the analysis we propose links the acquisition of subjects to the acquisition of functional morphology , in accordance with the minimalist program developed since chomsky ( 1989 ) . one desirable consequence of the approach taken here is that no recourse to a pro-drop parameter is necessary . ircs-94 - 17 $ 3 . 41 kolmogorov complexity and the information content of parameters robin clark a key goal of linguistic theory is to account for the logical problem of language acquisition . in particular , linguistic constraints can be taken as constraining the learner 's hypothesis space and , so , reducing its computational burden . in this paper , i will motivate an information theoretic approach to explaining some linguistic constraints . in particular , the theory attempts to relate ease of acquisition with the simplicity of linguistic representations and their frequency in the learner 's input text . to this end , the paper reviews some results in information theory and kolmogorov complexity and relates them to a theory of parameters . ircs-94 - 18 $ . 87 active part - decomposition , shape and motion estimation of articulated objects : a physics - based approach ioannis a . kakadiaris dimitri metaxas ruzena bajcsy we present a novel , robust , integrated approach to segmentation shape and motion estimation of articulated objects . initially , we assume the object consists of a single part , and we fit a deformable model to the given data using our physics-based framework . as the object attains new postures , we decide based on certain criteria if and when to replace the initial model with two new models . these criteria are based on the model 's state and the given data . we then fit the models to the data using a novel algorithm for assigning forces from the data to the two models , which allows partial overlap between them and determination of joint location . this approach is applied iteratively until all the object 's moving parts are identified . furthermore , we define new global deformations and we demonstrate our technique in a series of experiments , where kalman filtering is employed to account for noise and occlusion . ircs-94 - 19 $ . 92 active motion - based segmentation of human body outlines ioannis a . kakadiaris dimitri metaxas ruzena bajcsy we present an integrated approach towards the segmentation and shape estimation of human body outlines . initially , we assume that the human body consists of a single part , and we fit a deformable model to the given data using our physics-based shape and motion estimation framework . as an actor attains different postures , new protrusions emerge in the outline . we model these changes in the shape using a new representation scheme consisting of a parametric composition of deformable models . this representation allows us to identify the underlying human parts that gradually become visible , by monitoring the evolution of shape and motion parameters of the composed models . our algorithm is applied iteratively over subsequent frames until all moving parts are identified . we demonstrate our technique in a series of experiments with very encouraging results .
",0
654,"Subject: sum of chinese speech errors
 
 about 2 weeks ago i sent a query to linguist list asking for references on the topic of speech errors in chinese . thanks to all those ( 9 ) who have kindly replied with information , advice and questions . i am pleased that there are people out there who are very interested in this topic , but disappointed to find that so little research has been reportedly done in this field . i have read a few papers on errors in chinese handwriting , but not so much so on reported oral errors . to sum up the references i got so far from the linguist list : ( 1 ) shen , jiaxuan . ' kou wu lei lei ' , zhongguo yuwen , 1992 . 4 . ( 2 ) moser , david . ' slips of the tongue and pen in chinese ' , sino - platonic papers , no . 22 , 1991 . i am grateful that some responses have promised to keep looking for further references , but i am still wondering about one question that i keep asking myself : do chinese speakers make speech errors at all ? and if they do , do they err remarkably less than , say , english speakers ? thank you . yang wei dept of linguistics university of victoria
",0
655,"Subject: re : 5 . 1250 language acquisition / analogy / pragmatics
 
 yes indeed , be careful when you star a sentence , you may be sentencing a star , does have meaning ! a passerby one evening in brentwood several weeks ago witnessed a cruel double murder , but his testimony , in very broken english , required the services of a professional linguist to interpret . the latter was n't sure what to make of "" i see there once o . j . simpson not . "" , so he starred the sentence . the result is [ future ] history ! - - jules levin 8 - )
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656,"Subject: data , judgments thereon , and the teaching of linguistics
 
 in linguist 5-1247 , benji wald said > i once heard a syntactician suggest that in introductory syntax > classes certain theories . . . have to be taught as if they were > true , without attending to known fallacies in the theories . > that way the students get a foundation for learning how to make > syntactic arguments . the fallacies would then be exposed in more > advanced courses . ( would the way of making syntactic arguments > change too ? i guess whoever does n't take the more advanced syn - > tax classes can go to hell , or assume that theories of syntax do . > > to make this semi-anecdote more relevant maybe the syntactician > was insisting that introductory classes may not challenge the > grammaticality judgments used as data for an illustrative analysis > ( sound familiar ? ) . otherwise the lesson could not be taught . > that 's a form of discipline that might be hard to unlearn and hard > for the teacher to resist taking advantage of in the more advanced > courses - - any syntax teachers out there care to comment ? ( if you > do n't i ' ll say "" i thought not ! "" ) i suppose i ' m taking up benji 's gage , though i want it understood that i ' m very much in sympathy with what he has to say . i remember a little over 10 years ago i was taking a course in lexical phonology , and got into an argument with the prof . because he insisted that one of the co - rollaries of the theory was that ' people ' is inherently plural , which explained the non-existence of the overt plural ' peoples ' . i insisted that the word ' peoples ' certainly does exist and that therefore any theo - retical claim that it does n't was ipso facto falsified . ( cf . rev . vii 9 : ' a great multitude which no one could number , from every nation , from all tribes and * peoples * and languages ' . now , presumably ' people ' in this passage means something like ' ethnic group ' , and is not therefore precisely equivalent to ' people ' meaning ' many persons ' , or ' the set of all human beings ' . i would also note that one common meaning of ' universe ' is ' the set of all existing things ' , which would also imply that the word ' universes ' ought not to exist either , but it does . for one thing , there is a variant usage of ' universe ' which makes it roughly synonymous with ' galaxy ' or ' group of galaxies ' , of which of course there are many . it is also freely used in talking about ' parallel universes ' , etc . ) > from a paedagogical point of view i think it is perfectly legitimate for a linguistics teacher to say , ' here 's a bunch of strings , with attendant grammaticality judgments . what generalizations can we draw from these data ? ' we can save ourselves from the threat of the protest of a student who happens to be fluent in the language under discussion against a gram - maticality judgment by invoking the notion of ' idiolect ' and claiming ' these judgments are an accurate reflection of one particular individu - al 's own linguistic behaviour . what can we deduce about the internalized grammar of that individual ? ' this , of course , assumes that what we as linguists are concerned about is language as a psychological / cognitive phenomenon , and i believe that that is legitimate . but we are also , in my opinion legitimately , concerned about language as a social phenomenon . in which case language is not ( simply ) the property of an individual mind but of a community , and ' gram - maticality judgments ' may be different at the communal level from the individual level . i think as teachers we need to be honest with our stu - dents about this , which means allowing ourselves the luxury of a certain type or level of judgment on one occasion and a different one on another , but as much as possible each time making it clear to our students what level we ' re working at . addressing the broader issues that have come up following joseph stemberger 's posting in linguist 5-1163 , i think we also need to make clear the difference between ' grammaticality ' and ' acceptability ' judg - ments . i have an introductory lecture , prepared for a course i have as yet had no opportunity to teach , in which i attempt to explain that a given string ( e . g . , ' 3 is angry ' or ' my toothbrush is pregnant ' ) may be perfectly grammatical but semantically or pragmatically anomalous , and might be rejected for that reason , while another string ( e . g . , ' tooth - brush my am orange ' or ' there are a rabbit in garden ' ) may be fully in - terpretable and therefore not semantically anomalous but nevertheless violate certain constraints of grammar . i would be inclined to reject any claim that , as georgia green occasionally put it ( facetiously ) in class and elsewhere , ' the rules of grammar must include the rules of arithmetic and all other real-world knowledge ' . thus , if my son were to say , ' the moon is made of green cheese ' i might challenge him on the * content * of his statement , but not on its * con - struction * . dr . steven schaufele 712 west washington urbana , il 61801 217-344 - 8240 fcosws @ prairienet . org * * * * o syntagmata linguarum liberemini humanarum ! * * * * * * nihil vestris privari nisi obicibus potestis ! * * *
",0
657,"Subject: language evolution context
 
 > from : gerard gautier < gauier @ cc . nsysu . edu . tw > [ interesting stuff ] > i sometimes realise that , while talking to my sister in france by > phone , i find myself unthinkingly telling her : > > "" j ' habite dans une petite hsiang derriere l ' ecole . "" ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ditto here , with english . need i describe the puzzled looks when once i let "" les achevements academiques "" slip into my french ( "" cesar achevant les prisonniers gaulois "" , par salvador dali , a la maniere de meissonnier ! ) . the case of "" hsiang "" is different , though , just as that of "" le milk-bar du coin "" ( which my wife and i constantly use ) . i expect that "" ruelle "" is not strongly associated in one 's experience with the thing , but it would be if you had been living in a french - speaking chinese town . since it is usually not french but chinese which you hear in chinese towns ( merci , monsieur de la palisse ) , "" hsiang "" is strongly associated , so much so that it creeps into even a french sentence . ditto with "" milk-bar "" in australia , and , i guess , "" trinkhalle "" in germany . the closest i can think of in french would be "" l ' arabe du coin "" , but that would be only parisian french i imagine . > so does it not mean that the evolution should depend on the education > level of people - so that it would be differential inside a society > according to , say , the social class ? well , great britain provides prime examples of cants . i have come across , a few weeks ago , "" language in the british isles "" , peter trudgill ( ed ) , cambridge university press , 1984 , isbn 0-521 - 28409 - 0 . i cannot recommend it too highly . chock - a-block full of engrossing , well-presented data , from "" rural dialects in england "" to "" romani and angloromani "" via "" shelta and polari "" . even discounting cants , i remember my father mentioning having started learning breton ( we lived in douarnenez , then with breton speakers ) , and given up after finding the breton he learnt from the fisherment was well nigh useless for communicating with the farmers . back to cants , are n't francois villon 's poems in argot incomprehensible to-day ? > - i am also aware of phenomenons of resistance to acculturative evolution > ( conscious or not ) as for the quebecquois telling , not "" un hot-dog "" as > the french do , but "" un chien chaud "" ( toubon being in my opinion but a > marginal impedement on the natural evolution , whatever direction it takes ) . . . > > - another exemple of the complexity of those issue would be the > "" rigidification "" of a language facing a threat . > ( phonology , vocabulary , syntax . . . ) . two facets of the phenomenon , is n't it ? > to resume my questions : how can we ascertain that this language > has had this reaction without having to resort to extra-linguistic > implicit hypothesis as : homogeneity through classes , identity of > evolution whatever the number of speakers would be ( lng-switching vs > creolisation . . . ) , existence ( or not ) , type , and evolution of a scripting > system ( * * ) etc . . . ? can we ? and further , can we , even resorting to extra-linguistic hypotheses ? those hypotheses seem to me post hoc , and hold only for a subset of the data . in other words , you may find counter-evidence galore if you do not blind yourself to it . further , have those hypotheses any useful predictive value ? what i mean is this : they may be significant at 99 . 99 % confidence level and beyond , yet remain useless . example : having recorded the outcomes of 100 , 000 spins at the roulette table , you find 50 . 5 % red and 49 . 5 % black , grab you pocket calculator , and yes , yes , yes , that particular roulette wheel must be biased towards red . with dreams of untold riches prodding you , you start betting on red . you might realize now that you after all you are not going to get very rich very quickly with just a 0 . 5 % edge : your ability to predict the outcome of the next spin is , for all practical purposes , unchanged . not only that but , unless you have almost as much money to play with as the casino , you are certain to be wiped out in the long run . but that is another story , called "" the drunkard 's walk "" .
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658,"Subject: re : 5 . 1254 typological classification
 
 for what it is worth , i disagree with martin haspelmath ( and agree with fritz newmeyer ) about the problem of defining the concepts with which typological work operates . but we need to make sure that this does not become a political thing : i do n't see any difference on this point between the work of typologists / functionalists as compared to that of formalists . everybody who tries to compare two or more languages has these problems . for ex . , in reference to the basic word order question , i noticed a long time ago that some languages which were claimed to have ovs as basic actually rarely had both o and s at the same time in the same sentence , so i argued that maybe the term "" basic "" should not be applied there in the way in which it applies to english svo patterns . there are many many examples where we compare incomparables and do not compare comparables because our concepts are vague and our terminologies are ambiguous . i have , for example , published some papers documenting the confusions surrounding the term ' topic ' in the typological literature . there seems to be a lot of confusion likewise about the concepts of ' ergative ' and ' passive ' . and it seems to me that typological categories such as ' configurational ' ( or non ) , ' pro-drop ' ( or non ) , and so on , are just as poorly defined and just as liable to lead to all kinds of confusion .
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659,"Subject: typological method
 
 pace fritz newmeyer , there has been extensive discussion of the methodological issues that he raises . ( these remarks are independent of any assessment of johanna nichol 's book that fritz referred to , incidentally . ) first , good typological work devotes a substantial amount of effort to defining and delimiting what sorts of constructions should or should not belong to a particular structural type . good examples are many of dryer 's papers ( e . g . dryer 1989a , 1989b , 1992 ) , koptjevskaja - tamm 1990 : ch . 1 - 3 on nominalizations , stassen 1985 : ch . 2 , 4 on comparative and ' chaining ' constructions , and haspelmath 1993 : ch . 2 on indefinite pronouns . more generally , the discussion of the proper typological markedness criteria in croft 1990 : ch . 4 - 6 is an attempt to provide some * general * structural criteria for a large class of cross-linguistic phenomena ( see for example the formulation of the structural consequences of hopper & thompson 1980 's transitivity hypothesis on p . 131 , or the application of the criteria to the syntactic category problem in croft 1991 : ch . 2 - 3 ) . delimiting and classifying the phenomena to be analyzed is not a simple descriptive task ; in fact , it raises some of the most interesting issues in typological analysis , and have hardly been ignored in the typological literature . second , with respect to basicness for a language type in particular , in the passage from croft 1990 that fritz referred to ( pp . 33-36 ) , i argued that typologists had moved from classifying languages typologically to classifying constructions typologically , and that that was a good thing . nevertheless , i suggested some general criteria for determining a "" basic "" language type . and despite my reservations about identifying "" basic "" language types , it has to be said that in the great majority of cases , defining a "" language type "" instead of a "" construction type "" is not terribly difficult . matthew dryer ( p . c . ) has observed that inspection of texts generally tells you very quickly what the "" word order type "" of a language is . in my own experience , in a study where i am comparing the syntax of prenominal and postnominal modifiers , i am quite frustrated at how difficult it is to find languages where a modifier freely occurs both pre - and postnominally . of course , identification of "" basic "" or other types depends on what resources you have available to you ( quality of grammatical descriptions , availability of texts / language consultants etc . ) as well as what phenomenon you are studying ( e . g . word order or head marking [ easier ] vs . relative order of modifiers or the syntax of nonrestrictive modification [ harder ] ) . but for most studies it is not an insurmountable problem , although there always some problematic cases . third , the sampling problem * has * been discussed at some length by typologists ( besides bell 1978 's seminal article , see also dryer 1989c , perkins 1989 , croft 1990 : 18-25 , rijkhoff et al . 1993 ) . the issues are too complex to go into here at length . but it should be pointed out that the issues fritz raises apply to different sorts of samples with different purposes in mind . the question of how independent particular instances are have to do with probability samples ( see in particular the dryer , perkins and croft references for discussion of these problems ) . note in particular that the stability of the phenomenon being studied is an important factor : the less stable it is , the more likely cases are historically independent . the question of coming across rare types pertains to variety samples ( see in particular rijkhoff et al . ) . some studies ( e . g . tomlin 1986 , koptjevskaja - tamm 1990 , haspelmath 1993 ) draw on a very large variety sample and then select a stratified probability sample from it for the appropriate generalizations . dryer 's sampling technique attempts to combine the needs of variety and probability samples into a single sampling procedure . i should also add that with the shift towards dynamic ( diachronic ) interpretations of synchronic typological patterns , the examination of cognate phenomena in related languages , and the comparison of "" nonbasic "" as well as basic typological strategies , becomes another important method of analysis . that means that to some extent , the problems of basic vs . nonbasic types in a single language , and of historical relatedness of data sets , can be avoided - - - in fact , exploited - - - in modern typological analysis . bill croft references : bell , alan . 1978 . language samples . universals of human language , vol . 1 : method and theory , ed . joseph h . greenberg , charles a . ferguson and edith a . moravcsik , 123-156 . stanford : stanford university press . croft , william . 1990 . typology and universals . cambridge : cambridge university press . - . 1991 . syntactic categories and grammatical relations : the cognitive organization of information . chicago : university of chicago press . dryer , matthew . 1989a . plural words . linguistics 27 . 865-95 . - . 1989b . article - noun order . cls 25 . 84-97 . - . 1989c . large linguistic areas and language sampling . studies in language 13 . 257-92 . - . 1992 . the greenbergian word order correlations . language 68 : 81 - 138 . hopper , paul and sandra a . thompson . 1980 . transitivity in grammar and discourse . language 56 . 251-299 . koptjevskaja - tamm , maria . 1988 . a typology of action nominal constructions . stockholm : university of stockholm . perkins , revere d . 1989 . statistical techniques for determining language sample size . studies in languagea013 : 293-315 . rijkhoff , jan , dik bakker , kees hengveld & peter kahrel . a method of language sampling . studies in language 17 . 169-203 . stassen , leon . 1985 . comparison and universal grammar . oxford : basil blackwell . tomlin , russell . 1986 . basic word order : functional principles . london : croom helm . dept of linguistics , u manchester , oxford rd , manchester m13 9pl , uk w . croft @ manchester . ac . uk fax : + 44-61 - 275 3187 phone : 275 3188
",0
660,"Subject: re : 5 . 1237 sum : basic word order ( and remarks on typology )
 
 fritz newmeyer raises some important issues about typological research as instantiated in nichols ' work and elsewhere , which call for some comments . first , the notion of language type is an idealization : this is often made clear in typology courses , where non-existent artificial languages are considered as logically possible or impossible language types , if not always in the published literature ( though the point is clearly made in comrie 's textbook , for example , by the discussion of morphological typology ) . similarly , fritz is quite right to point out that the assumption of no areal or genetic bias , to the extent that it is made at all , is a counterfactual one . what i would ask is whether such idealizations differ in kind from those , many of them counterfactual , which underlie generative grammar . the justification is similar in both cases : methodologically , one cannot deal with all the relevant variables all the time , and some of the concepts used are logically independent of the extrinsic variables , e . g . one can investigate consistency with proposed implicational universals regardless of the statistical bias in one 's sample . the term ` shaky typological pigeon-holing ' is particularly inapt as applied to nichols ' distinction between head-marking and dependent - marking languages , which is quite explicitly a matter of degree ( see her 1986 paper where the degree of hm vs . dm is quantifified in terms of the number of patterns instantiating each type ) . if nichols refers to a ` head-marking language ' this is shorthand for a quantifiable tendency , just as we might describe italian as a ` pro-drop language ' without implying that there is a binary distinction here ( in fact there are degrees of pro-drop , e . g . some languages allow null expletives but not null referential subjects , etc ) . another point which i think all typologists would accept is that languages which do n't appear to match an established type are typological data - for example , colloquial french as discussed recently on linguist is a language which might reasonably be described as having no basic word order ( i believe that nichols classified it as vso in one of her tables , but that is again shorthand for a more complex situation ) . this is an explanandum for which nichols ' 1986 paper offers an explanation : head-marking facilitates word order freedom , and colloquial french instantiates clausal head-marking in nichols ' sense . to sum up : pace widespread opinion , typologists ' goal is not pigeon-holing ( "" taxonomy "" is also widely used in this context ! ) but the investigation and explanation of patterns of variation . steve matthews
",0
661,"Subject: comparative method
 
 the recent discussion of limitations on the comparative method contained several assertions that such limitations had been and were being used to justify resistance to proposals of remote relationships , including amerind and nostratic . to my knowledge this is absolutely false . in every instance that i am aware of in which perceived temporal limitations on the comparative method have been mentioned , it is by way of explaining why it is there are no relationships beyond a certain degree of remoteness on which there is consensus , or by way of making predictions as to what historical linguistics will ultimately be able to achieve . i do not know of a single instance in which someone has argued : such and such a proposed relationship is associated with a time-depth of x years . this exceeds the temporal limits of the comparative method . therefore the proposal must be wrong . if anyone can provide evidence of such an argument being made i would be most interested . in the particular case of amerind , the objections have been two-fold : ( a ) the data is riddled with errors ; ( b ) the argument is not of a sort that most historical linguists consider probative . since greenberg and ruhlen do not apply the comparative method disbelief in their claims could not rationally be based on perceived limitations of the comparative method , nor has it been . ironically , even if greenberg and ruhlen did attempt to apply the comparative method , amerind would not provide a very good instance of the above hypothetical argument . since even conservative estimates of the time-depth possible with the comparative method range from 6-10ky , cand since greenberg and ruhlen adhere to the low chronology for the peopling of the americas that places it at roughly 12ky bp , their date for amerind does not radically exceed the perceived limits of the comparative method . in sum , whatever the validity of proposed temporal limits on the comparative method , and i agree that such limits are far from exact , the view that this has anything to do with reactions to greenberg 's work on amerind and similar work is a red-herring . to evaluate such proposals , look at the data and look at the methodology , not at the alleged ( and generally unknowable ) motivations of the critics . you 'd think that the irrelevance of ad hominem arguments except in matters of credibility of witnesses would not need to be repeated constantly . bill poser bill poser , first nations studies , university of northern british columbia , 3333 university way , prince george , british columbia , v2n 4z9 , canada 604-960 - 6692
",0
662,"Subject: summary : who animal
 
 i would like to thank all those who wrote in concerning the question of whether ' who ' or ' what ' is used to ask about species of animals in various languages ( i am sorry but at the moment i cannot locate the file with the names of all those who i need to thank , but i am really grateful ) . the only language so far identified which uses the equivalent of ' who ' in this situation in russian , while german , danish , french , dutch , and i am pretty sure ( although my judgements are somewhat rusty here ) polish all use ' what ' , as does english obviously . i should add that i have seen many russian linguists ' dxescriptions of other languages in which they note that whatever the language is , that it uses ' what ' rather than than ' who ' for animals . most recently , i saw this in an eskimo - russain dictionary . i would be interested in hearing about any more examples of a language that uses ' who ' to ask for the species of an animal , as in ' what / who is that ' , when looking at an animal in a zoo , or ' what / who bit you ? ' , looking at a someone 's swollen arm .
",0
663,"Subject: re : 5 . 1281 political correctness
 
 the term ` politically correct ' together with political correctness and pc are being used with increasing frequency . i did a nexis search a couple of weeks ago in connection with a presentation i ' m doing at ncte next week on the shift in meaning of the term . while pc still retains its negative / left-wing ironic slant , it is coming to be used more broadly to attack party-line extremists of any stripe , and more broadly still ( and often without apparent negative or ironic connotation , to refer to ` doing the right thing ' or the expected thing or the appro - priate thing in any context . so for example it appears in business week and info world in nonpolitical contexts , in articles about the salary levels of corporate ceos and the appropriate values to return when writing a line of computer programming code . one nice cite noted that while it was now as easy to send email to your boss as to a clerk in the mailroom , it was not necessarily politically correct to do so ( i wonder how often people send email to mailroom clerks ) . dennis debaron @ uiuc . edu ( \ 217-333 - 2392 \ ' \ fax : 217-333 - 4321 dennis baron \ ' \ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ department of english / ' | ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ) univ . of illinois \ ' / \ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \ 608 s . wright st . \ \ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \ urbana il 61801 = = ) . \ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \ ( _ _ ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ )
",0
664,"Subject: re : 5 . 1250 language acquisition / analogy / pragmatics
 
 re analogy : benji wald asks syntax teachers to comment on his contribution . i think his characterisation of syntax teaching is a little harsh . i for one do not expect students ( at any level ) to accept my ( or anyone else 's ) grammaticality judgements unquestioningly . i ' m sure there are many syntax teachers who would prefer to get students to give their own judgements of e . g . : 1 ) i saw the grass brown when i was on holiday in spain 2 ) if you see the tower hazy , it means it ' ll rain tomorrow 3 ) only sherlock saw the man lame one might then ask for a comparison with the acceptability status of : 4 ) i saw the grass wilting . . . 5 ) if you see the tower leaning . . . . . 6 ) only sherlock saw the man limping . i ' m sure there are plenty of syntax teachers who would find it important to explore reasons why 1 - 3 ) might be less acceptable than 1 - 6 ) on the basis of the students ' own judgements . richard ingham
",0
665,"Subject: re : 5 . 1251 sum : "" typewriter "" and canadian raising
 
 raising of / ai / before voiceless stops is not that uncommon in various parts of the eastern us and canada . simply because someone can't hear the difference does n't mean it is n't there , as in don / dawn . seed j . k . chamber 's "" canadian raising "" in canadian journal of linguistics 18 ( 1973 ) or better yet timothy vance 's "" canadian raising in some dialects of the northern us "" in american speech 62 ( 1987 ) . i do this and can tell generally when someone else is . word boundaries come into play . for me , "" ice scream "" and "" i scream "" are quite different at normal speed . and "" quite "" without raising sounds like "" quiet "" though different . this is more of an issue for the dialect groups . ( note that i did not say eh ? )
",0
666,"Subject: sum : tenses and discourse analysis
 
 greetings to the list , i wish to thank everyone that answered my query on tenses and discourse analysis . i hope i have remembered to mention all of them in the following list - i seem to have had problems with my e-mail directories recently , and there 's a possibility i may have lost some messages . needless to say i will continue to welcome replies to the original query and anyone wishing to have further information on bibliography than what is appended below , should feel free to contact me at the following e-mail address : viola @ wam . umd . edu . best regards viola miglio thanks to : celso alvarez caccamo ellen l . contini - morava jeff deby suzanne fleischman hilde hasselgerd jairo morais nunes toshio ohori william j . rapaport larry rosenwald milea angela simoes froes wilbert spooren graham thurgood juan uriagereka brian wallace margaret e . winter almeida , michael j . 1987 . "" reasoning about the temporal structure of narratives "" . technical report 87-10 . buffalo : suny . buffalo . department of computer science . brown , cheryl . 1983 . topic continuity in written english narrative . in givon ( 1983 ) . pp . 315-341 . chierchia , gennaro . 1992 . anaphora and dynamic binding . linguistics and philosophy 15 . 111-183 . comrie , bernard . 1985 . tense . cambridge : cambridge university press . felson duchan , judith , gail a . bruder and lynne hewitt ( eds . ) . ( forthcoming ) . deixis in narrative : a cognitive science perspective . hillsdale , n . j . : lawrence erlbaum associates . fleischman , suzanne . 1990 . tense and narrativity . austin : university of texas press & london : routledge . givon , talmy . ( ed . ) . 1979 . syntax and semantics 12 : discourse and syntax . new york : academic press . givon , talmy . 1993 . english grammar : a function - based introduction . amsterdam : john benjamins . grimes , joseph e . 1975 . the thread of discourse . janua linguarum minor . mouton . gvozdanovic , jadranka and theo janssen ( eds . ) . 1991 . the function of tense in texts . north holland . heim . irene . 1982 . the semantics of definite and indefinite noun phrases . doctoral dissertation , university of massachusetts , amherst . hetzron , robert . 1971 . presentative function and presentative movement . proceedings of the second conference on african linguistics , studies in african linguistics , supplement 2 : 79-105 . hopper , paul j . 1979 . "" aspect and foregrounding in discourse . "" in syntax and semantics : volume 12 - discourse and syntax , edited by talmy givon . new york : academic press . pp . 213-241 . hopper , p . j . ( ed ) . 1982 . tense - aspect : between semantics and pragmatics . amsterdam : john benjamins . hornstein , norbert . 1990 . as time goes by . cambridge , massachusetts : mit press . jespersen , otto . 1931 . a modern english grammar on historica principles . vol . iv . copenhagen : munksgaard . johnstone , barbara . 1987 . "" ' he says . . . so i said ' : verb tense alternation and narrative depiction of authority in american english "" . linguistics 25 , 33-52 . kumpf , l . 1984 . temporal systems and universality in interlanguage : a case study . in f . r . eckman , l . h . bell , and d . nelson ( eds . ) , universals of second language acquisition . rowley , massachusetts : newbury house . pp . 132-143 . longacre , robert e . 1983 . the grammar of discourse . new york : plenum press . nunes , jairo . 1993 . the discourse representation of tense sequencing in narratives . college park , md : university of maryland ms . nunes , jairo and ellen thompson . 1994 . the discourse representation of temporal dependencies . to appear in p . bertinetto , v . bianchi and m . squartini ( eds . ) . proceedings of the cortona tense - aspect meeting . nunes , jairo and ellen thompson . 1993 . "" intensional verbs , tense structure and pronominal reference "" , in s . hargus , g . r . mcmenamin and v . samiian , proceedings of the 23rd western conference on linguistics : wecol ' 93 . pp . 348-360 . pinto , julio c . m . 1988 . the reading of time : a semantico - semiotic approach . berlin ; new york : mouton de gruyter . riddle , elizabeth . 1986 . the meaning and discourse function of the past tense in english . tesol quarterly 20 . 2 : 267-286 . schiffrin , deborah . 1981 . "" tense variation in narrative "" . language , vol . 57 n . 1 . pp . 462ff . thurgood , graham . 1989 . the past perfect , narrative structure and louis l ' amour . university of hawai ' i : working papers in esl 8 . 2 : 27-43 . thurgood , graham . 1990 . english tense and aspect in narratives : perfectivity , imperfectivity , and the two time axes . proceedings of the western conference on linguistics : wecol ' 90vol . 3 . pp . 290-302 . trout , k . 1974 . venus on the half shell . new york : dell . pp . 7-47 . wallace , stephen . 1982 . "" figure and ground "" in hopper ( ed ) , pp . 201-223 . wolfson , n . 1979 . the conversational present alternation . language 55 : 168-182 . wolfson , n . 1982 . on tense alternation and the need for analysis of native speaker usage in second language acquisition . language learning 32 : 53-68 .
",0
667,"Subject: eskimo words for "" snow "" , "" ice "" , etc .
 
 as an eskimologist and an anthropologist , i strongly concur with woodbury 's and hill 's recent messages on the topic . i have two responses : one to the person who suggested that maybe what was peculiar about eskimo words for snow is not the number of lexical items to be found in a dictionary , but rather that these words are used more often and even by non-specialists within the culture . i am sorry that i can't track down the name of this person , which i must have deleted by mistake . but this is an interesting idea . my answer is that eskimos talk about snow about as often as a sahara tuareg would talk about rain , in other words , not very often . remember that the arctic is technically a desert ; i . e . there is very little precipitation , although whatever snow that does fall remains on the ground , an ~ rd is blown a } iround into funny shapes , for which there is of course , a technical terminology , used mainly by huntersd who need to use these things as landmarks . snow ( as a ground cover or falling ) is really not very important to eskimos . i suggest that we start looking at some of the languages of the subarctic groups of canada ( cree , chipewyan ) , these people live in deep snow , and probably talk about it a lot more ! my second response is for george fowler who suggest that there might be an fashion of eskimo words for - - - - - going on . he talks about 50 words for ice in greenlandic . he was speaking facetiously , of course , but there is a point to be made here . eskimos who hunt on ice ( such as the siberian yupik eskimos i worked with ) have an incredibly detailed technical terminology for ice conditions , icebergs , ice thickness and movements . for eskimo hunters , these things are concretely a matter of life and death . so eskimos do have many words for ice , and as for snow , this is a technical terminology , and as for snow , it is entirely based on a few stems that actually mean "" ice "" , and on many stems that do not fundamentally mean "" ice "" . so , at least in some eskimo languages , such as cnetral siberian yupik eskimo , there are actually more expressions ( or if you want "" words "" ) for "" ice "" than for "" snow "" . for the definition of a "" word "" and "" stem "" in eskimo , i refer y ' all back to woodbury 's statement . the point is that technical terminology for things that interest eskimos is no different from technical terminology that is relevant to , say , swiss cuckoo clock makers . willem j . de reuse dept . of anthropology university of arizona tucson , az 85721
",0
668,"Subject: eskimo snow in context
 
 as the quotation from whorf shows , he was concerned with the issue of whether there is a general term like 's now ' in eskimo languages , not with whether eskimo ( or english ) have a multitude of specialized terms . it may be useful to point out that in the second half of the 19th century and thereafter one of the big issues concerning linguists and anthropologists was whether "" primitive "" people and their "" primitive "" languages possessed abstract terms . i think that we must view whorf 's and others ' preoccupations in this context . ( it may be of interest to add that the other great issues regarding "" primitive "" languages was whether they possess clearly defined sounds , since it was widely claimed that speakersof such languages "" alternate "" between different pronunications . it was boas who showed that this was an illusion , but i think that many people would not listen , and that works such as sapir 's paper on the sound pattenrs and even on psychological reality are largely to be understoods as attempts to defend the boas position ) . in any case , it should be clear that the issue was never how many words a language might have for specific kinds of anything , but whether it has words for the general types or kinds . and in this context the only question is whether the eskimo languages have one word for 's now ' like english or two like ancient greek or whether they only have a variety of more particular words for kinds of snow . alexis
",0
669,"Subject: english snow words
 
 jonathan david bobaljik posted a message to vol . 5-1276 of this list in which he discusses the various yup ' ik words for snow that have been contributed by anthony woodbury . for the sake of comparison he has a list of 9 or 10 english words for snow and snow-like things . i thought it would be useful to find out whether each of these english words means _ primarily _ snow or whether the snow sense is derived , figurative , or otherwise secondary . i have consulted the various editions of the oxford english dictionary . my results are as follows : a . acceptable cases : 1 . snow : a good english word with a respectable pedigree . means primarily snow . 2 . sleet : also good . by the way , is there an eskimo term corresponding to this ? 3 . slush : also good . 4 . avalanche : this word seems to have referred to snow avalanches from the beginning . 5 . blizzard : the first edition of the oed says , "" a modern word . . . . as applied to a 's now-squall , ' the word became general in the american newspapers during the severe winter of 1880-81 ; but according to the _ milwaukee republican _ = ff 4 march 1881 , it had been so applied in the _ northern vindicator _ ( esthersville , iowa ) between 1860 and 1870 . it was apparently in colloquial use in the west much earlier . . . "" the latest edition of the oed has a citation from 1859 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * b . doubtful cases : 1 . cornice : this is really an architectural term , meaning the "" crown "" on a building . its use to refer to a type of snow formation is merely figurative . 2 . firn : this is certainly a very rare and specialized word . the oed marks it "" not naturalized "" ; its synonym _ n ' ev ' e _ is marked the same way . i would accept neither . 3 . drift : with the meaning 's now-drift ' this word is attested c . 1300 , ( "" this castel . . quitter es pan snau drif [ t ] . "" ) but it clearly has too many other related senses , such as "" off-course movement of a boat "" and "" gist of what someone is saying . "" drift is related to "" to drive "" . compare bobaljik 's discussion of yup ' ik _ natquik _ 'd rifting snow ' . 4 . flurry : this word means primarily ' gust ' or 's quall ' . washington irving is cited in 1836 talking about "" flurries of snow "" , but there are other cases of flurries of rain , birds . conclusion : not primarily a snow word . 5 . sinkhole : bobaljik rejects _ muruaneq _ 's oft , deep snow ' , offering "" sinkhole "" as roughly comparable ( and presumably also unacceptable ) . = 20 "" sinkhole "" is not in the oed . my understanding of a sinkhole is any depression in which liquid collects , especially in the ground . i do not think it has anything to do with snow per se . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * c . special case : 1 . frost : i have left "" frost "" out of the english list , since it has more to do with frozen dew and ice than with snow . i have also omitted "" rime "" and "" hoarfrost "" ( "" hoar "" is figurative for old age ) . accordingly , i urge that words for frost be omitted from the eskimo lists . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * d . conclusion : my count is 5 good english words whose primary meanings are snow or forms of snow . bobaljik also allows only 5 "" exclusively snow-related simple roots "" in yup ' ik ( excluding "" frost "" as explained above ) . i am not a specialist in english etymology , but i am experienced at using the oed . is _ muruaneq _ 's oft , deep snow ' really not a purely snow word , as bobaljik says ? i would also like to know what "" eskimo "" languages there are other than yup ' ik for which snow-words are recorded in detail . david prager branner , yuen ren society asian l&l , do-21 , university of washington seattle , wa 98195 = 09 = 09 = 09 = 09 < charmii @ u . washington . edu >
",0
670,"Subject: news from the ippe ( 04 nov 94 )
 
 n e w s f r o m t h e i p p e world wide web access now available access to the preprints and all other materials in the international philosophical preprint exchange 's collection , including the abstracts and tables of contents of an increasing number of philosophical journals , is now available via mosaic and the world wide web . our www server is still under development and is changing rapidly , and at the moment there are still several rough spots , but access to all the ippe materials is in place . due to the rich interface provided by the web , browsing the ippe via mosaic ( or any other web browser ) is now the preferred access method . mosaic and other web browsers allow easy access to the multiple formats in which the ippe stores each paper , allowing users to as easily browse an abstract or an ascii version of a paper online as to download or print a fully-formatted version . in addition , we have provided navigation aids such as a colorful graphical map of the ippe ( not 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on the the ippe remains with the author , and therefore placing a paper on the ippe is no obstacle to subsequent publication . placing a working draft on the ippe provides an ideal way to beenfit from the critical attention of the international philiophical community before submitting a work for publication . call for commentaries the ippe invites the submission of well-reasoned commentaries on any working paper currently available on the ippe . commentaries are subject to the same "" minimal refereeing "" process described above for working papers . accepted commentaries are made available on the ippe alongside the original papers to which they apply , and the authors of the original papers are invited to respond in similar form . ippe represented at psa / 4s / hsa meeting the round table on electronic communications at october 's joint meeting of the psa , 4s , and hsa provided an opportunity for members of the ippe 's board to meet with representatives of several other leading projects in electronic media for philosophy and science studies . among the topics discussed were means of lowering the technological barriers to access to electronic communications resources , and especially to the submission of materials , and the formation of a consortium or clearinghouse for electronic publishers in these fields . much was accomplished , and even greater possibilities lie ahead . renovations nearly complete the international philosophical preprint exchange 's ambitious project to create an integrated system allowing the preprints and other documents on the ippe to be distributed simultaneously by means of the world wide web in addition to the previously implemented gopher , ftp , and mail-server access methods is nearly complete . the customized software we have developed for this purpose allows the ippe staff to easily make a single copy of a working paper available through all four of our supported access methods . accessing the international philosophical preprint exchange : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ by www : open the url http : / / phil-preprints . l . chiba-u . ac . jp / ippe . html by gopher : use gopher to go to either apa . oxy . edu or kasey . umkc . edu by ftp : ftp to either phil - preprints . l . chiba - u . ac . jp , or mrcnext . cso . uiuc . edu by email : mail to phil-preprints - service @ phil - preprints . l . chiba - u . ac . jp to place a paper or comment on the ippe : see pub / submissions / readme . if you have questions : send mail to < cburke @ nexus . yorku . ca > .
",0
671,"Subject: the translator
 
 order forms for the translator will shortly be available ( by mid november ) . to receive one , please send a note of your full postal address to : the translator , st . jerome publishing , 2 maple road west , brooklands , manchester , m23 9hh , u . k . alternatively , you can fax the same details to fax number + 44 0161-973 - 9856 , or email them to mona @ ccl . umist . ac . uk . the translator : studies in intercultural communication the translator is a refereed international journal which seeks to bring professional and academic interests closer together by addressing issues which have relevance in both academic and professional settings . members of the editorial and advisory boards have extensive academic and professional experience . many are accomplished translators and interpreters working at the highest levels . all have sound academic training and are involved in teaching translators and interpreters on a regular basis . academic expertise ensures rigour and coherence in the treatment of issues ; professional experience complements academic rigour with a rich store of concrete contexts and an emphasis on relevance and readability . the translator is not restricted in scope to any particular school of thought or academic group . its editors and advisors hold diverse views on translation ; they are nevertheless all committed to promoting a harmonious and less divisive environment in which both discipline and profession can prosper . editor : mona baker ( umist , uk ) editorial board : daniel gile ( isit , france ) ian mason ( heriot - watt university , uk ) christiane nord ( heidelberg university , germany ) anthony pym ( universidad rivira i virgili , tarragona , spain ) lawrence venuti ( temple university , philadelphia , usa ) judith woodsworth ( concordia university , canada ) review editor : myriam salama - carr ( salford university , uk ) international advisory board : roberto mayoral asensio ( spain ) , aliki bacapoulou - halls ( greece ) , franco buffoni ( italy ) , simon chau ( hong kong ) , dirk delabastita ( belgium ) , jean delisle ( canada ) , basil hatim ( uk ) , kinga klaudy ( hungary ) , ingrid kurz ( austria ) , paul kussmaul ( germany ) , kitty van leuven - zwart ( holland ) , carol maier ( usa ) , kirsten malmkjaer ( uk ) , douglas robinson ( usa ) , juan sager ( uk ) , christina schaffner ( uk ) , candace seguinot ( canada ) , miriam shlesinger ( israel ) , sonja tirkkonen - condit ( finland ) . two issues per year ( 125 pages each ) . first issue : april 1995 . each issue consists of papers , book reviews ( including a special review of a relatively old but influential publication ) , and a detailed description of a translation and / or interpreting course . special issue in 1996 ( vol . 2 , no . 2 ) : wordplay and translation ; guest - editor : dirk delabastita . contents of volume 1 , number 1 ( 1995 ) translation , authorship , copyright ( lawrence venuti , usa ) the moral dilemmas of court interpreting ( ruth morris , israel ) observations on anomalous stress in interpreting ( sarah williams , sweden ) a descriptive framework for compensation ( keith harvey , uk ) special review : georges mounin : les problemes theoriques de la traduction ( reviewed by claude tatilon , canada ) book reviews : jean delisle : la traduction raisonee ( reviewed by michel ballard , france ) juan sager : language engineering and translation : consequences of automation ( paul kussmaul , germany ) doris kadish & francoise massardier - kenney ( eds ) : translating slavery - gender and race in french women 's writing , 1783-1823 ( marilyn gaddis rose , usa ) jacques permentiers , erik springael & franco troiano : traduction , adaptation et editing multilingue ( david morris , belgium ) course profile : m . a . in translation studies , university of surrey , uk . subscription rates ( in stirling pounds ) : uk : individual : 29 ; institution : 49 . europe : individual : 31 ; institution : 51 . rest of the world : individual : 33 ; institution : 53 . subscribers can pay by credit card ( visa / access ) , cheque / eurocheque in stirling pounds , bankers ' draft ( drawn on a uk bank in sterling ) or direct credit . guidelines for contributors and reviewers are also available on request . mona baker mona @ ccl . umist . ac . uk .
",0
672,"Subject: special issues
 
 names , the journal of the american name society , is planning two special issues for late 1995 or early 1996 . the first is on ' computers in onomastic research , ' and the second ' statistics in onomastic research . ' if you would like to contribute to one ( or both ) of these special issues , send a 1 - page idea paper to the editor at the address below . nothing has to be definite at this time , but i would expect that both issues would deal with problems faced in name research and how computers ( and statistics ) could contribute to solving them . i put a similar notice on the american name society list and found that there was wide-spread interest in both areas . so if you would like to contribute , send the idea paper to me shortly , by either hard copy , fax or email . edward callary , editor , editor , names english department northern illinois university dekalb , il 60116 fax : 815-753 - 0606 email : tb0exc1 @ mvs . cso . niu . edu ( make sure you type zero rather than o after tb ) i hope to hear from people from a variety of disciplines who have an interest in names . please let me know if you have questions or comments .
",0
673,"Subject: forensic linguistics conference
 
 international association of forensic linguists second international conference to be held at mary white college , university of new england armidale , new south wales , australia from 9-12 july 1995 . call for abstracts papers are called for from members of the international association of forensic linguists and others whose work involves them in any of iafl 's aims , or more broadly in any areas of language and the law . ( if you need more info about iafl 's aims contact one of the people listed towards the end of this message . ) members are keen to communicate with professionals and scholars in related disciplines who also work on aspects of language and the law . prospective paper-givers are invited to submit a half-page abstract , along with a brief biography that includes professional background and interests . deadline for submission of abstracts is february 3rd 1995 send abstracts to : diana eades , iafl conference co - ordinator , linguistics dept , university of new england , armidale nsw 2351 , australia email : deades @ metz . une . edu . au registration information registration fee : member $ a125 non - member $ a150 student $ a100 early bird discount $ a20 off if you register before april 12th 1995 . registration includes : * attendance at all sessions * abstracts booklet * morning and afternoon teas and lunches on monday tuesday and wednesday * reception on sunday evening * conference satchel * excursion to dangars falls registration below is the registration form . please do not email this form . you can print it out and send it by airmail to the address below ( or you can ask for a hardcopy by emailing diana eades ) registration form mr / mrs / ms / miss / dr / ass prof / prof ( please circle ) male / female ( please circle ) first name : surname : institution : address : suburb : state : postcode : country : email : tel : fax : accommodation please organise accommodation for me on the following nights : 8th [ ] 9th [ ] 10th [ ] 11th [ ] 12th [ ] 13th [ ] in mary white college ( $ a43 . 00 per night includes accommodation , breakfast and dinner ) off campus accommodation those staying off campus will need a vehicle to get to the conference venue . in caravan park ( accommodation only ) caravan $ a30 single $ a32 double fully self contained , heated ensuite cabin $ a44 single $ a46 double in motel ( approximate single or double accommodation only ) $ a60 per night $ a70 per night yes , i am interested in attending the pre-conference tour to dorrigo national park on sunday 9th july from 10 . 00am - 5 . 00pm at approximately $ a20 per person , and would have . . . . . . . . . . . person / s with me all registration forms must be received by 12th june 1995 ( early bird discount registration closes 12th april 1995 ) do not email this form . send it by airmail to the address below enclosed is a cheque / money order or charge my bankcard / mastercard ( delete one ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiry date : _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _ name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration : $ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . accommodation : $ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . conference dinner $ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . earlybird discount : minus $ a20 ( if posting before 12th april ) total : $ please make cheques payable to university of new england . return completed registration form to : marketing executive , new england conference management , university of new england , armidale nsw 2351 we are unable to accept registration by email , send it by airmail please . further information for further information please contact the conference co-ordinator , diana eades , linguistics department , university of new england , tel : 61 67 73 3185 fax : 61 67 73 3735 email : deades @ metz . une . edu . au for administrative or accommodation enquiries , contact gabrielle aldridge at new england conference management , tel : 61 67 73 3370 fax : 61 67 71 1713 for further information about iafl and membership queries , contact diana eades ( address above ) or sue blackwell , school of english , university of birmingham , edgbaston , birmingham , b15 2tt , uk email : blackwellsa @ vms1 . bham . ac . uk or jeffrey kaplan , dept of linguistics , san diego state university , san diego , ca 92182 , usa . email : jkaplan @ sciences . sdsu . edu important dates abstracts due 3 feb notification of acceptance of abstracts 15th march earlybird registrations due 12th april registration deadline 12th june . hfraser @ metz . une . edu . au ( 129 . 180 . 4 . 1 ) helen fraser ( dr ) dept of linguistics university of new england armidale nsw 2351 australia phone 067 73 2128 / 3189 fax 067 73 3735
",0
674,"Subject: position announcement
 
 the department of near eastern studies of the university of michigan is inviting applications for a tenure-track appointment in arabic language and culture . an assistant professor level is authorized , but senior candidates may be considered . applicants must hold the ph . d . degree and be able to teach both undergraduate and graduate courses in arabic language and linguistics and also teach courses that treat language as a social and cultural phenomenon ( for example , how language is used in the construction of nationalism , ethnicity , gender , and political rhetoric ) . applicants should specifically identify their research interests within language-and - culture studies and describe the lecture courses they can and wish to teach . the department of near eastern studies has strengths in both classical and modern arabic language and literature , in islamic religion , and in the history of the middle east . we seek a colleague who will complement the present staff and who will broaden our curricular offerings in language and culture . applicants should send a curriculum vitae , including bibliography , we well as no more than three samples of their scholarly research . named referees need not send their letters at the time of application . send application to chair , arabic language and culture search committee , department of near eastern studies , 3074 frieze building , university of michigan , ann arbor , mi 48109-1285 . we shall begin processing applications as soon as possible after january 1 , 1995 . the university of michigan is an affirmative action , equal opportunity employer .
",0
675,"Subject: job announcement , applied linguistics , ucla
 
 the department of tesl & applied linguistics at the university of california , los angeles announces an opening for a tenure-track position , rank to be determined , in discourse analysis ( pending final budgetary approval ) . the appointee will participate in a proposed interdisciplinary teaching program in language , interaction , and culture . candidates should display a strong research and teaching record in ( i ) the interface of conversation and culture , ( ii ) the integration of visual and verbal resources in the construction of meaning , and ( iii ) an expertise in new technologies for analyzing discourse in society . candidates must have ph . d . in hand at time of application . applications must be received by january 15 , 1995 and should include letter , vita , three letters of reference , and representative publications . send applications to : chair , search committee , department of tesl & applied linguistics , 3300 rolfe hall , ucla , los angeles , ca 90024-1531 . ucla is an affirmative action , equal opportunity employer . women and members of underrepresented minorities are encouraged to apply .
",0
676,"Subject: job posting
 
 announcement of open rank professorial position university of california , san diego department of linguistics subject to availability of funds , the department of linguis - tics at the university of california , san diego , is seeking to fill an open rank professorial position ( tenured / tenure - track ) effective july 1 , 1995 , for a linguist capable of teaching formal semantics and with a proven research record in formal semantics , which could include the semantics / syntax interface . salary will be commensurate with rank and experience and will be based on current university of california salary scales . a letter of application , a curriculum vitae , a representa - tive publication or manuscript , and the names and addresses of 3 referees should be sent to : university of california , san diego open search committee department of linguistics , 0108 9500 gilman drive la jolla , ca 92093-0108 application materials must be received no later than febru - ary 1 , 1995 . the university of california is an equal opportunity , affirmative action employer . this announcement supersedes our october lsa bulletin announcement and our august departmental notice of a tenured position in formal semantics / syntax .
",0
677,"Subject: wccfl xiv last call for papers
 
 last call for papers west coast conference on formal linguistics ( wccfl ) xiv usc los angeles , march 10-12 , 1995 abstract submission : abstracts should be limited to two anonymous , 8 - 1 / 2 "" x 11 "" pages , with 1 "" margin , single-spaced , no smaller than 12 point font . the second page need not be limited to data or references . please send 12 copies of the abstract , plus a 3x5 index card with the following information : title of the paper name affiliation address e-mail address phone number fax number to the following address : wccfl xiv linguistics dept . gfs 301 university of southern california los angeles , ca 90089-1693 a maximum of 1 individual and 1 joint abstract will be accepted . please , no e-mail or fax submissions . deadline : december 8th , 1994 . for more information , contact : jose camacho or hajime hoji wccfl xiv linguistics dept . gfs 301 university of southern california los angeles , ca 90089-1693 e-mail : wccfl @ mizar . usc . edu fax : 213-740 - 9306 phone : 213-740 - 2986 on the day preceding wccfl there will be a workshop on predication . a separate call for papers will follow . last call for papers wccfl xiv workshop "" predication "" usc los angeles , march 9 , 1995 on the day preceding wccfl xiv , there will be a workshop on the general topic of "" predication "" . abstract submission : abstracts should be limited to two anonymous , 8 - 1 / 2 "" x 11 "" pages , with 1 "" margin , no smaller than 12 point . the second page need not be limited to data or references . please send 8 copies of the abstract , with a 3x5 index card containing the following information : "" for wccfl workshop "" title of the paper name affiliation address e-mail address phone number fax number to the following address : wccfl xiv workshop linguistics department , gfs 301 university of southern california los angeles , ca 90089-1693 for more information , contact : jose camacho or hajime hoji phone : 213-740 - 2986 fax : 213-740 - 9306 e-mail : wccfl @ mizar . usc . edu deadline : december 8th , 1994 please , no e-mail or fax sumbissions .
",0
678,"Subject: discourse conference final call
 
 updated 11 / 12 / 94 final call for papers abstract and colloquium proposal deadline : november 18 , 1994 * * * * * * * * * * the georgetown linguistics society presents gls 1995 developments in discourse analysis * * * * * * * * * * february 17-19 , 1995 georgetown university , washington d . c . * * plenary speakers * * frederick erickson graduate school of education university of pennsylvania charles goodwin department of anthropology university of south carolina heidi hamilton department of linguistics georgetown university deborah schiffrin department of linguistics georgetown university roger shuy department of linguistics georgetown university deborah tannen department of linguistics georgetown university gls 1995 , developments in discourse analysis , is an interdisciplinary conference featuring presentations and colloquia focusing on all aspects of discourse analysis . topics range from discourse analytic theory to the use of discourse analysis as a tool in other disciplines . any research that focuses on language data at the discourse level is appropriate , including , but not limited to , work in cognitive science , conversational analysis , communication studies , critical discourse analysis , interactional sociolinguistics , linguistic anthropology , rhetoric , psychology , sociology , and text linguistics . the deadline for abstracts and colloquium proposals is november 18 , 1994 . the conference will begin late morning friday and end late afternoon on sunday . a reception will be held saturday evening . submitting an abstract : individual presentation of papers will be 20 minutes long with 10 additional minutes for discussion . please send three copies of a 250 - word double-spaced abstract . on a separate sheet , provide your name , paper title , mailing and e-mail addresses , phone number , and institutional affiliation . in addition , please submit a 100 - word typed , single-spaced summary for the conference program , headed by your name , affiliation , and paper title . submitting a colloquium proposal : the gls invites proposals for two-hour colloquia . please submit all abstracts for presentation in a colloquium together , accompanied by a cover letter which explains how the individual presentations relate to one another and to the themes of the colloquium and the conference . the cover letter should provide the organizer 's name , mailing and e-mail addresses , phone number , and institutional affiliation . in addition , the organizer should include a 100 - word description of the entire colloquium for the conference program . accommodations * on the georgetown university campus * georgetown university conference center 202-687 - 3200 , 1-800 - 446-9476 $ 109 single , $ 124 double ( up to four occupants ) make reservations as soon as possible . * georgetown area * georgetown dutch inn 202-337 - 0900 , 1-800 - 388-2410 1075 thomas jefferson , n . w . ( off of m st . ) . 10 minute walk to gu . $ 100 one bedroom suites . ( 1 queen or 2 twins and pull-out bed ) make reservations by february 6 . holiday inn 202-338 - 4600 , 1-800 - holiday 2101 wisconsin ave . , n . w . buses run down wisconsin . get off at o st and walk 5 blocks to gu . $ 79 single , $ 92 double , triple , quadruple . make reservations by january 6 . * rosslyn area of virginia * ( just across potomac from gu ) key bridge marriot 703-524 - 6400 , 1-800 - 642-3234 1401 lee highway , arlington va . walk ( about 30 minutes ) or taxi across bridge to gu . $ 89 single , double , triple , quadruple . make reservations by january 26 . * dupont circle area in washington * davis house , 202-232 - 3196 1822 r st . , n . w . 2 long blocks to g2 bus . $ 30 / person shared rooms , $ 35 / person single room ( price includes tax . coffee and tea is served ) radisson , barcelo 202-293 - 3100 , 1-800 - 333-3333 ( toll free number available after reservation ) 2121 p . st . , n . w . 1 block to g2 bus . $ 89 single , double , $ 104 triple , $ 119 quadruple * foggy bottom area of washington * inn at foggy bottom , 202-337 - 6620 824 new hampshire ave . , n . w . walk to d buses . 35 minute walk to campus . $ 79 single and double , $ 99 triple and quadruple ( includes continental breakfast ) * downtown washington * washington international youth hostel 202-737 - 2333 1009 11th st . , n . w . 2 blocks to d buses . $ 20 . 00 ( linens available for $ 2 , $ 5 deposit ) * van ness area of washington * days inn , 202-244 - 5600 , 1-800 - 952-3060 4400 connecticut avenue . 1 block to van ness metro . take to dupont circle . $ 69 flat rate . make reservations before january 16 . * bed and breakfast locations * bed and breakfast accommodations , ltd . 202-328 - 3510 , fax : 202-332 - 3885 p . o . box 12011 , washington , dc 20005 prices vary according to location . transportation * getting to georgetown university from hotels * gu is located at 37th and o streets , n . w . * . . . by bus * ( 202-637 - 7000 ) the buses that serve gu are the g2 , d2 , d4 , d6 , and d8 buses . the g2 bus arrives at the main gate of gu . the d4 and d8 buses arrive on the north side of campus at reservoir and 38th . the d2 , d4 , d6 , and d8 buses arrive at 35th and q sts . ( 3 blocks to gu ) . * . . . by metro * ( 202-637 - 7000 ) the metro stations nearest gu are dupont circle , rosslyn , and foggy bottom . to get to gu from dupont circle : 30 minute walk west on p st . g2 bus at 20th & p . d4 and d8 at 2nd & p sts . taxi is about $ 3 . 20 . from rosslyn : 25 minute walk across key bridge . ( no buses to gu ) . from foggy bottom : 35 minute walk . d buses . * transportation from area airports * national airport is on the metro line . there is no metro station near dulles airport or bwi . the washington flyer express bus ( 703-685 - 1400 ) serves national ( $ 8 ) and dulles ( $ 16 ) , leaving every 20-30 minutes non-stop to 1517 k street , n . w . , one block from the mcpherson square metro station at 15th & i sts . the washington flyer shuttle bus runs every 20-30 minutes from dulles airport to the falls church metro station ( $ 8 ) . a taxi from national airport to georgetown university costs $ 9 . 70 , from dulles , about $ 40 - $ 45 . from bwi , take the airport connection bus ( 301-441 - 2345 ) to downtown washington ( $ 14 ) or the marc train ( 800-325 - 7245 ) ( $ 4 ) or amtrak ( 800-872 - 7245 ) ( $ 10 ) to union station , which is on the metro line . the marc train does not run on weekends . * getting to gu . . . by train * union station is on the metro line . a taxi to gu costs about $ 5 . 50 . * . . . by bus * the greyhound bus terminal is located at 1st and l streets , n . e . , 4 blocks from the union station metro station . * . . . by car * > from the capitol beltway ( i-495 , which encircles washington ) , the least complicated route is to take the wisconsin avenue exit ( in the n . w . section of the loop ) and to follow wisconsin down to the heart of georgetown . parking at georgetown university parking in georgetown neighborhoods is difficult , but there is free parking on weekends in lot 3 in the southwest corner of campus , which can be entered off of prospect street or canal road . on friday , parking in this lot is $ 11 for the day , although we are trying to negotiate a rate for the conference . mention the georgetown linguistics society conference to the parking attendant . two georgetown conferences : gls 1995 and gurt 1995 gls 1995 , developments in discourse analysis , is sponsored , in part , by the georgetown university school of languages and linguistics and the georgetown university graduate student organization . the school of languages and linguistics also sponsors the georgetown university round table on languages and linguistics ( gurt ) . gurt 1995 will be held march 6 to 11 , 1995 on the topic , linguistics and the education of second language teachers : ethnolinguistic , psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic aspects . for further information about gurt 1995 , please contact carolyn a . straehle , coordinator , school of languages and linguistics , 303 intercultural center , georgetown university , washington , dc 20057 - 1067 ; ( e-mail ) gurt @ guvax . bitnet or gurt @ guvax . georgetown . edu ; ( voice ) 202-687 - 5726 . how to contact gls 1995 registrations and requests for information about gls 1995 , developments in discourse analysis , may be addressed to the georgetown linguistics society : gls 1995 georgetown university department of linguistics 479 intercultural center washington , d . c . 20057-1068 internet : gls @ guvax . georgetown . edu bitnet : gls @ guvax . bitnet voice : 202-687 - 6166 regularly updated information about gls 1995 is also available through the world - wide web georgetown linguistics home page : http : / / www . georgetown . edu / cball / gu _ lx . html _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pre-registration form for * * gls 1995 * * ( please provide your name and affiliation as you wish them to appear on your badge . ) name : affiliation : mailing address : e - mail address : phone number : registration fee . please remit the appropriate registration fee in the form of a check or money order made payable to "" georgetown university "" : student non - student preregistration ( through feb . 10 ) $ 20 . 00 $ 30 . 00 on - site registration $ 30 . 00 $ 40 . 00 other needs : if you have any special requirements other than those listed below , please inform the gls no later than january 15 , 1995 so that appropriate arrangements may be made . do you require american sign language interpretation ? do you want crash space ? ( space is limited . priority will be given to students on a first-come basis . ) do you want to be added to a room-sharing distribution list ? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please distribute this announcement as widely as possible . thank you .
",0
679,"Subject: conf : salsa iii
 
 greetings from the salsa organizing committee ! ! here is the awaited call for papers for salsa iii . please forward this message to those who may be interested , or post this notice in your department . we are looking forward to seeing y ' all in april ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * s a l s a * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for papers the symposium about language and society - austin is pleased to announce its first annual meeting to be held april 7 - 9 , 1995 at the university of texas at austin . abstracts are invited on topics concerning the relationship between language , culture and society . these include but are not limited to : linguistic anthropology variation and social networks natural discourse ethnography of communication speech play , verbal art , and poetics discourse - based approaches to language and culture * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1995 keynote speakers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * michael silverstein university of chicago keith walters university of texas at austin papers delivered at the conference will be published in a special edition of the texas linguistic forum . speakers will be allowed 20 minutes for presentation and 10 minutes for discussion . please submit six copies of an anonymous proposal which may not exceed 1 page ( unreduced ) to the address below . the abstract * should include a specific statement of the topic or issue , a brief description of the relevant data and the conclusions . abstracts should be accompanied by a 3x5 card with the following information : 1 ) the title of the paper 2 ) author 's name ( s ) 3 ) author 's affiliation 4 ) address and phone number at which the author wishes to be notified . abstracts must be received by january 17 . 1995 . late abstracts will not be accepted , and we can not accept papers which are to be published elsewhere . notification of acceptance or rejection will be sent in mid february , 1995 . registration fees will be $ 15 for students and $ 25 for non-students . papers must be received by early may , 1995 to be included in the published proceedings . send all correspondence to : salsa department of linguistics ut austin austin , tx . 78712-1196 . email : salsa @ utxvms . cc . utexas . edu . * note : we can not accept abstracts sent via email .
",0
680,"Subject: sum : native speaker intuitions
 
 several weeks ago i posted a question about the current status of "" native speaker intutions "" in our discipline . in particular , i wondered about the problems posed by variations in the interpretation of sentences . such variations sometimes become apparent when i teach "" modern english grammar , "" a course that treats english syntax in nonformal , surface-structure terms and primarily is aimed at nonlinguists . in my post , i mentioned two sentences that gave rise to varying intuitions , but i will discuss in this summary only the first , viz . , "" john asked mary to leave , "" which one student claimed was ambiguous between the reading where mary would do the leaving and that in which john would do the leaving . she claimed she got this second reading by thinking something like "" john asked to leave , "" which clearly means that john would leave , and who he asked was mary . before i continue this discussion , i must point out that in my class i did not solicit interpretations of this sentence , nor did i expect any challenges to my reading , which i essentially presupposed , assuming - - erroneously - - that all my students saw it as i did . perhaps i did not make this point clear in my posting to this list , since several respondents implied that problems will arise when we solicit interpretations or judgments , or indeed if we do "" generative "" grammar at all . however , though my approach to syntax in this course is not generative and i did not request an interpretation for this sentence , students sometimes will challenge my assumptions about meaning . if the students involved were merely contentious , then i would chalk up such differences to personality and continue unabashed . but describing my students as contentious in this case would certainly be a distortion . their observations arose , it seems to me , out of a genuine desire to come to grips with the issue . several respondents pointed out that recent research in syntax has had to deal with the thorny issue of interpretation . georgia green reports that one of her students , tim williams , "" has just completed a dissertation on infinitive complements , and one of the major points is that , as illustrated by the reaction to . . . ' john asked mary to leave , ' the subject of the infinitive in so - called equi constructions is not syntactically fixed . ( his dissertation deals with articulating the pragmatic principles that govern the interpretation , and misled us for so long into thinking that the interpretation was syntactically fixed . ) "" both dan alford and dale russell noted that the interpretation of a sentence such as "" john asked mary to leave "" as meaning "" john asked mary 's permission to leave "" could be enhanced if there were a power / status differential between the two nps . dale wrote that "" real-world stuff makes us lean toward one [ reading ] or the other to the point where we ' re not even aware of the potential ambiguity . "" he provides an example of such real-world stuff in "" johnny asked the teacher to go get a drink of water , "" a sentence in which it is far easier to read the subject of the sentence as also being the subject of the infinitive . he points out that "" we ' ve only changed lexical items , made the first object someone who is likely to be in a position to grant permission , and the subject of the sentence someone who is likely to want to perform the action of the infinitival . "" following this line of inquiry , tony bex offers an enlightening pair of examples : [ 1 ] the teacher asked the child to leave the room . [ 2 ] the child asked the teacher to leave the room . he contends that these sentences "" are typically interpreted pragmatically taking into account perceived authority ; i . e . , in [ 1 ] the teacher tells the child to leave ; in [ 2 ] the child asks whether s / he can leave . "" in either case , it is likely that it is the child who will be leaving . i should note that this pair of examples proved to be particularly amusing and illuminating to my students - - especially to those who , like me , found the ' permission ' reading peculiar . tony 's examples demonstrated to them to what extent pragmatic knowledge plays a part in interpretation . the responses to the infinitive problem constituted only one of several lines pursued by my respondents . some , who like me teach undergraduate syntax courses , commented on the difficulty a few students have with even rudimentary syntactic analysis ( e . g . , the subject / predicate split , often claimed to be a universal strategy among english speakers ) . others commented on the familiar problem of intuition fatigue ( which could be summed up as "" say a weird string 50 times and it sounds good ; say a good string 50 times and it sounds weird "" ) . and still others took issue with the entire enterprise of a separate syntax , particularly of the generative variety , though by now it should be clear that any decontextualized sentence has the potential to give rise to more than one intepretation . in fact this very idea is discussed in carson schutze 's forthcoming book , _ the empirical base of linguistics : grammaticality judgments and linguistic methodology _ , to be published by university of chicago press in 1995 . in his post to me , carson contends that judgment data "" can provide real , useful data , if we would just be more systematical and careful about how we collect them . of course speakers will differ on certain points . . . . the interesting question is whether the range of variation we find is systematically constrained in ways that interesting theories of grammar can explain . "" finally , one last thread was contributed by larry hutchinson , who mentioned the history of introspection in this century : "" in point of fact , the first psychology labs had been set up by introspectionists , but they were completely taken over by behaviorists and introspection dumped . . . . linguists in the 50 's were pretty much under the sway of behaviorists , and emotionally against introspectionism . . . . but then the enthusiasm generated by chomsky just swept away the behaviorist viewpoint , and along with it the contempt for the unguided use of speaker opinions . "" i thank all of my respondents ( cited below ) for their insightful and helpful remarks . i hope i have not distorted their positions in any serious way . marilyn silva respondents : dan alford , mark arnold , laurie bauer , kirk belnap , tony bex , scott delancey , jakob dempsey , susan ervin - tripp , georgia green , larry hutchinson , ingo plag , jim jewett , jules levin , chris li , steve matthews , dan maxwell , micheal palmer , jeanmarie rouhier , dale russell , mary ellen ryder , carson schutze , linda shockey , jacques steyn , and one respondent who prefers to remain anonymous
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681,"Subject: re : 5 . 1265 linguistics as "" science ""
 
 in reference to the excellent review of "" linguistics and the notion of science "" i would like to point out one small inaccuracy . at the end of the post there is a quote from a beatles song , * fool on the hill * . while this is credited solely to john lennon , the song was actually written by paul mccartney ( paul can be seen singing the song in one of the first "" rock videos "" ever made in the film * magical mystery tour * ) . although lennon and mccartney throughout the beatles career-span shared songwriter credits , they stopped active collaboration ( with some exceptions such as * a day in the life * ) since about 1965 . what does this trivia have to do with linguistics ? well , the music of the beatles and the language they used , have influenced millions of people the world over . as a young boy growing up in india i fell in love with their music which helped me considerably in both learning the english language and appreciating western culture . those linguists who are interested in acculturation ( are there any on this list ? please contact me at the email addres below ) could study global influences like the prevalence of fiction novels , hollywoood movies , tv ( cnn ) , and pop music to account for the spread of the english language in other cultures . since the study of culture and language go hand in hand , linguistics necessarily is a multidisciplinary field that would have to include sociological , historical , and psychological approaches . to coin a phrase that sums it up ( with apologies to albert einstein ) : cultural studies that ignore language are lame , and linguistics that ignores culture is blind hemant desai univ of nebraska - lincoln email : hdesai @ unl . edu
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682,"Subject: jobs in computational lexicography : portuguese , italian , dutch .
 
 temporary positions available in computational lexicography : portuguese , dutch , italian rank xerox research centre grenoble france the lexical technology development project at the rank xerox research centre ( near grenoble , france ) is seeking computational lexicographers for temporary positions in portuguese , dutch and italian . applicants should be native speakers of the language in question and should also be able to communicate reasonably well in french and english . the work will involve 1 ) testing existing morphological analyzers and generators 2 ) adding new baseforms to online lexicons 3 ) improving taggers , tokenizers , etc . applicants should be capable of making sophisticated judgments concerning category ( part-of - speech ) tagging , verb conjugation , noun and adjective inflection , the formation of diminutive , augmentative and superlative forms , etc . the italian and portuguese positions are estimated to last six months . the dutch position will last one month . for practical considerations , strong preference will be given to candidates from the e . e . c . , especially those who already live in the grenoble area and have valid french work permits . please address all applications and questions to : rank xerox research centre kenneth beesley 6 , chemin de maupertuis 38240 meylan , france or ken . beesley @ xerox . fr * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * kenneth r . beesley ken . beesley @ xerox . fr rank xerox research centre 6 , chemin de maupertuis 38240 meylan , france
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683,"Subject: job openings
 
 job openings re - posting : we have now filled one of these positions , but are still accepting applications . if you have interest in the positions , please do n't hesitate to call me at ( 309 ) 675-7339 . - - christine kamprath caterpillar inc . , the world 's leading manufacturer of heavy earthmoving equipment , and a major publisher and translator of technical publications worldwide , has three job openings for people to work on various aspects of implementing their automated machine translation ( amt ) system in their production writing and translating work environment . the three positions are these : 1 . caterpillar technical english ( cte ) language trainer 2 . cte language mentor 3 . amt coordinator the caterpillar amt system relies on controlled english input ( to be written in cte , a rich subset of the vocabulary and grammatical structures of english tailored to the needs of caterpillar 's technical documents ) , which is monitored by sophisticated linguistic software to be used by the writer as he / she writes technical documents . the cte language trainer and mentor will be expected to acquire a thorough understanding of cte and the linguistic editing software , assist in preparing and maintaining training materials and in developing writing guidelines , and provide assistance and mentoring to technical writers as they learn to use cte and the software . the trainer will conduct training classes for the technical writing staff . in addition to these training roles , the people filling these two positions will assist the cte / amt team in the ongoing development and maintenance of cte and the editing software . the role of the amt coordinator in the amt process is to oversee testing and integration of the amt system into the translations document production environment . the amt coordinator is to design and monitor quality assurance testing of amt output , identify and collect problem reports , and oversee routing and resolution of the issues raised . the amt coordinator will thus need to acquire a thorough knowledge of cte vocabulary and grammar , the cte editing software , amt grammar mechanisms , and the amt software , as well as have a familiarity with hardware and systems issues . in addition to these tasks , the amt coordinator will assist the cte / amt team in the ongoing development and maintenance of the cte and amt systems . minimally these positions involve the tasks listed here . however , people with greater background in linguistics and nlp would have the opportunity to participate deeply in these aspects of the project . this project is groundbreaking its scope and in its use of sgml tags within sentences to be parsed and translated . candidates for all three positions should possess knowledge and experience of general linguistic principles ; innovative interest in authoring and editing issues , substantive experience and / or ability in training and mentoring in grammar and software use , and excellent writing skills . the positions require a ba or ma in linguistics , english , or related discipline , skills in the above-mentioned areas , and native-speaker competence of english . a knowledge of sgml tagging , natural language processing issues and principles , and the terminology and mechanics of the heavy machinery industry would be very helpful . in addition , the amt coordinator position requires familiarity with translation issues of at least one of the languages addressed by the amt system ( romance languages , german , russian ) . applications , including a curriculum vitae or resume and the names of three references , should be sent to : dr . christine kamprath , senior computational linguist amt / cte project technical information division building n1-a180 600 w . washington street east peoria , il 61630-0371 screening for these positions has begun ; the positions will be staffed as soon as qualified candidates are found . applications may be sent by fax or mail ; queries will be accepted by phone or e-mail as well . e-mail : ckkz8d1 @ cat . com or ckampra @ heartland . bradley . edu fax : ( 309 ) 675-9773 phone : ( 309 ) 675-7339
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684,"Subject: postdoctoral fellowships in cognitive science available
 
 the institute for research in cognitive science ( ircs ) at the university of pennsylvania provides opportunities for several postdoctoral positions in cognitive science . the deadline for applications is february 1 , 1995 . to apply , please send a cover letter indicating your proposed research , including a statement about how you would benefit from working in our interdisciplinary environment , your resume , and have two or three referees send letters of reference directly to : postdoctoral fellow selection committee institute for research in cognitive science university of pennsylvania 400c 3401 walnut street philadelphia , pa 19104-6228 the university of pennsylvania is an affirmative action / equal opportunity employer .
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685,"Subject: sum : linguistics and imperialism
 
 some two weaks ago i posted a question on whether linguistics has it 's origin in imperialistic effords . i pointed to cases like arabic grammar , latin and sanskrit . ( the sanskrit case quite obviously did not fit ) o . k . , i put it in a provokative fashion , formulated more sharply than i really had it in mind . the reactions were vivid . the case of india ( sanskrit ) : it was pointed out that in the sanskrit case the concern was to preserve the "" correct "" language which was in danger of beeing lost otherwise which would have made religious texts unreadable . ( michael newman , karl v . teeter , mechthild reh , european cases : generally , the intention was more the emancipation from latin and / or to give the own country a status as respectable as the roman empire . ( michael newman , mechthild reh ) spanish : the first grammar was published 1492 , before the the concest of america , at the time of the fall of the kingdom of granada . ( michael newman ) nynorsk : the rise and conception of nynorsk ( landsmaal ) in norway in the 1800s was part of the nationalist reaction to danish rule ( imperialism ) . that 's a long story , but nynorsk never succeeded in dominating norway , i ' m afraid . ( jon hareide aarbakke ) linguistics as an emancipatory efford : ( mechthild reh , see gupta below , ) the term "" imperialistic "" : > i think it is inappropriate to use terms like > "" imperialist "" that only make sense once the conquest and > subjugation of > other peoples came to be seen as perhaps somewhat unethical . no > one at the times you were speaking of would have done that , so > the term is anachronistic . ( michael newman ) are linguists imperialists ? several people asked wheather i was thinking in that direction . i certainly do n't ! ! linguistics can help to answer lots of questions ( see the greek sophistic tradition ) . the question was more to what made any linguistic attempt suddenly beeing successful on a national level . thus , my idea refers more to linguistics beeing ( mis ) used than beeing evil . ( actually , i ' m a linguist as well ) . general aggreement : > grammar books in english came into being in the > 18th century , together with the early dictionaries , and > most people say that this is to do with the insecurity > of middle-class english speakers faced with a language > that was being latinised . and interestingly , the > british ventures to india and north america i think > also coincided with the period . ( i ' m afraid i have n't > really got the actual dates , so what i ' m giving is > from memory . ) > peter tan however , as anthea fraser gupta points out , > spence ( 18c orthoepist ) was a millenarian and an early socialist . he believed that if > everyone pronounced correctly , social discrimination based on accent > would disappear and everyone would be equal . then the millenium would > come , etc . > it seems to me that in general , conditions which favor imperialism > in a society might also favor the growth of all kinds of studies in > that society - - a society which can afford to work on expansion can > afford to support people who are functioning as intellectuals . > i also > think it 's natural that when a society goes through an imperialistic > phase , all kinds of resources which exist in that society are bent to > the purpose of supporting the imperialist expansion . marion kee > i 'd heard theories that prescriptionist grammar arose in the united > states as a way of reclaiming the diminishing boundries between the > social classes . an idiolect today can certainly reflect social class , > so i was curious about the early works . i found in these early english > grammars much more reference to religion and to past glories of the > language / english people than i would have guessed . in the 1700 's , it > appears that the justification of using well-constructed language > was that language was ( 1 ) an hommage to god , since most early > grammarians > apparently believed that language was a divine gift and the way to > separate man and beast , and ( 2 ) that the earlier idea of latin or > greek being a near-perfectly constructed language had shifted over to > english ; they believe that proper care of english had succeed in nearly > perfecting it , and the efforts must continue . tom mcclive > when a new science > is developped , the state always wants to use it in an imperialistic > way . the origin _ per se _ of the science is not imp . but its first > use ( the oldest we can still observe , at least ) is for the good of > the state . marc a . belanger tips for further reading : pennycook , alastair . 1989 . the concept of method , interested knowledge , and the politics of language teaching . tesol quarterly 23 : 589 . transactions of the philological society 1974 , 33-64 ( under the name anthea frser shields ) university of chicago press , _ the politics of linguistics _ .
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686,"Subject: re : 5 . 1240 internet - accessible linguistic data-sources
 
 internet - accessible linguistic data-sources we ' ve appended the list of linguistic resources we have so far . we know this is incomplete . can you help us find what 's missing - - and keep us informed of anything new that appears as time passes ? regards anthony & helen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ here below a www server related to a european lingua project . regards laurent * * * * * * * general sources of linguistic information * * * * * * * * automatic parallel concordancing in six european community languages ( lingua project ) http : / / www . loria . fr / exterieur / equipe / dialogue / lingua / lingua . html _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ laurent romary ( romary @ loria . fr ) equipe dialogue crin-cnrs & inria lorraine batiment loria , b . p . 239 f - 54506 vandoeuvre les nancy tel : 83 59 20 37 fax : 83 41 30 79
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687,"Subject: seeing the barn red
 
 an ad by yale university press in the latest issue of the new york review of books announces a volume of poetry by valerie wohlfeld entitled thinking the world visible . perhaps the poet has been reading this list . bob rothstein ( rar @ slavic . umass . edu )
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688,"Subject: nels fall conference dates
 
 next year 's nels conference will be jointly hosted by harvard university and mit . we are hoping to set the conference for a date when it will not conflict with other major , or nearby conferences . if you are hosting such a conference next fall , and have already set a date , please send me e-mail by wednesday , nov . 16 . martha jo mcginnis , mit
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689,"Subject: info re : wilhelm von timroth
 
 is there somebody who could help me to get in touch with wilhelm von timroth , a german slavist / sociolinguist ? i ' ve checked lists and nameservers that i know of , without success . i have a copy of his ( translated ) dissertation from the philosophy faculty of ludwig - maximilians university , munich and believe he may still be in munich . many thanks in advance . mark pepevnak department of linguistics university of toronto ( pepevnak @ epas . utoronto . ca )
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690,"Subject: universals
 
 suppose i have a language which inflects verbs for person , number , and sometimes gender of subject , inflects nps for case and number , has freeish word order , and commonly "" drops "" subject pronouns and in which there is a special inflection on verbs which indicates that the understood subject is impersonal and no overt subject phrase ( full np or pronoun ) can then occur , but otherwise everything is the same as with normal verb forms . would such a language violate anybody 's favorite universals in any current framework .
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691,"Subject: query : writing and phonology
 
 are there many languages with contrastive vowel length which dont represent vowel length in the writing system ? this does happen when someone with a poor understanding of the language devises a writing system for it from outside , or when a vowel length language adopts a writing system from a non-vowel - length language , but i would be interested to hear of cases of indigenous writing systems that ignore such an important aspect of phonology . the reason for my interest is korean . it is often said to have contrastive vowel length , at least in certain word-pairs , and yet it does not show it in the script . the fact it doesnt - coupled with the fact that native speakers have difficulty picking which word has the long vowel - seems to me like an argument for treating the distinction as one of accent or stress rather than vowel length . but the argument depends on how common it is for writing systems to ignore vowel length . what do people think ? reply to me and i ' ll make a summary of responses if there are several . thanks helen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hfraser @ metz . une . edu . au ( 129 . 180 . 4 . 1 ) helen fraser ( dr ) dept of linguistics university of new england armidale nsw 2351 australia phone 067 73 2128 / 3189 fax 067 73 3735
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692,"Subject: women 's studies , northern illinois university
 
 position announcement northern illinois university women 's studies program director northern illinois university invites applications for a full-time director of its women 's studies program . the program is administratively housed in the college of liberal arts and sciences and offers general education courses , an undergraduate minor , and a graduate-level concentration . it enjoys student and faculty involvement from through-out the university . the director will have limited teaching responsibilities and opportunities for teaching in advanced women 's studies courses and in the candidate 's academic discipline . with the assistance of the program advisory committee , the director is responsible for budget , planning , curriculum design and scheduling , and for representing the program on university-level committees . doctorate or terminal degree in academic discipline required . ph . d . in women 's studies or in a discipline central to women 's studies and administrative experience preferred . candidates also must exhibit a strong record of effective teaching and research with credentials appropriate to a tenure-track associate professor position . interests in intersections of race , class , and gender and / or cross-cultural perspectives on women , program development , multi-cultural curriculum transformation , and student advising especially desirable . minorities , persons with disabilities , and women are encouraged to apply . twelve month contract . salary commensurate with qualifications . send application letter , vita , and have three letters of recommendation forwarded to : chair , director search committee women 's studies program northern illinois university dekalb , illinois 60115-2854 deadline : all application materials must be received by february 1 , 1995 . northern illinois university is an affirmative action / equal opportunity employer .
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693,"Subject: university of alabama , ma-tesol program
 
 the department of english of the university of alabama invites applications for a tenure track assistant professor position in our m . a . - tesol program , starting in august of 1995 . duties include teaching ( 2 courses / semester ) , research and service ; our m . a . - tesol faculty work closely with our colleagues in ua 's english language institute ( eli ) . a ph . d . in applied linguistics or tesol is required , with strengths in language teaching methodology and second language acquisition theory . competence in at least one other language is expected , and international teaching experience is highly desirable . preference will be given to candidates who have an interest in working with our faculty in rhetoric and composition , and who would welcome collaboration with colleagues in foreign language departments through our emerging m . a . t . program in the college of arts and sciences . we will also give preference to candidates with an interest in classroom-oriented research , who see research opportunities in ( 1 ) our large freshman composition program with separate sections for non-native english speakers , ( 2 ) ua 's independently-administered intensive eli with a large internal program and frequent external programs , and ( 3 ) ua 's well-developed self-instructional language program ( critical languages ) . located on the black warrior river in west-central alabama , tuscaloosa is a university town of about 100 , 000 people with a mild climate and reasonable living costs . we are 50 miles southwest of birmingham and within a half day 's drive of atlanta , the great smoky mountains , nashville , memphis , new orleans and the gulf coast . send letter of application , c . v . , names of 3 references , and any representative publications to catherine davies , chair of the tesol search committee , dept . of english , box 870244 , university of alabama , tuscaloosa , alabama , 35487-0244 . the university of alabama is an affirmative action / equal opportunity employer . the search will remain open until the position is filled ; however , the search committee will begin reviewing applications on dec . 1 , 1994 . there is a possibility that we may interview at the lsa meeting in new orleans ( as well as at the aaal / tesol meetings in long beach if necessary ) ; applicants should let us know about their conference plans . catherine e . davies dept . of english , box 870244 university of alabama tuscaloosa , alabama 35487-0244 ( 205 ) 348-9522
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694,"Subject: university of durham : chair in japanese
 
 you may know that there is now a generative linguistics department at the university of durham ( m davenport , j emonds , sj hannahs , bd schwartz m tallerman , m young - scholten + elt specialists ) . the japanese programme is now also expanding . however , the only present lecturer of japanese is w mcclure , formal semantics ( cornell phd - - and longtime organiser of tas in japanese there ) . mcclure is presently the basis of enlarging japanese in an east asian department , which before now has focused on chinese . now , a new japanese professorship is open . a curious characteristic of the university of durham is that searches for staff members are set up to last literally for days rather than weeks . as a loyal member of the linguistics department , no further comment on this strange fact of life . nonetheless , the administration is honestly determined to hire from the best candidates - - but of course , this means everything is done in no ( or dammed little ) time . thus , an absolutely top candidate is being searched for - - within two weeks . the closing date is 2 dec . the preferred area is history , literature , politics or social studies within japanese studies . however , a good solid sociolinguist , even one with a generative component , might compare very well with whatever other candidates this brief search unearths . that is , the very brevity of the search can favour a candidate not quite in the core area being sought . in fact , not ' can ' but ' will ' - - and has , and is the key to this message . lots of publications are the main thing . moreover , durham is also a bit short on top women staff . a sociolinguistic woman professor of japanese might sit quite well as a candidate . might be a nice sideways move to get around the glass ceiling in one 's own country - - a quick move up ( what the heck if the food is n't so great , it 's damp , there 's no good showers , etc . ) . look at that list of linguists above , and consider all the linguistic events , conferences , research grants , etc . that have recently involved durham . the people above are friendly too . post begins 1 oct . 1995 or as soon as possible thereafter . send a cv , as detailed as possible , with full career history and publications and any grants awarded , and a covering letter to : mr . jack boyd , director of personnel university of durham old shire hall durham dh1 3hp uk include the names , addresses , tel . and fax numbers of 3 referees , and indicate dates in jan . and feb . when you could not be present in durham for interview . only uk residents need to send 5 copies ; all others just one . there is also a special form ( 1 page ) which mr . boyd will send you ( or a linguist at this e-mail address will fax it to you if you send us a small note as to who you are ) .
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695,"Subject: query on unpublished manuscripts by prince , etc .
 
 dear linguists ! can anyone please help me in finding the following manuscripts : mccarthy , j . & a . prince . 1993 . prosodic morphology i . ms . u . mass . , rutgers . prince , a . & p . smolensky . 1993 . optimality theory . ms . u . colorado , rutgers . zubizarreta , m . l . 1993 . some prosodically motivated syntactic operations . ms . usc . any help would be appreciated ! * * * * * * * * * * michael voeltz * * * * * * * * * * * * institut fuer anglistik und amerikanistik * * philipps - universitaet marburg * * wilhelm - roepke - str . 6d * * 35032 marburg * * germany * * tel . : 06421 / 285578 * * email : voeltz @ mailer . uni-marburg . de * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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696,"Subject: german-english automatic translator
 
 dear fellows , we are looking for an automatic translator of german - english . something to which a user can send texts in one of this languages and receive the translation into the other language . it can be a semi-automatic software where the translation is not ' high-end ' , but with quality enough to save some work to an office secretary . do someone know where to find ( shareware preferably ) such a software ? thanks , a . santos = = adelino santos - fraunhofer institute for computer graphics ( fhg - igd ) dept . of cooperative and hypermedia systems wilhelminenstr . 7 tel : + 49 6151 155239 64283 darmstadt fax : + 49 6151 155299 germany mail : santos @ igd . fhg . de
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697,"Subject: prototypical vso lg ?
 
 i need good examples of "" consistent "" vso language for the typology chapter in an introductory textbook of linguistics . can anyone on the list name such a language and , if possible , provide me with concrete word order data ? by "" consitent vso language "" i mean one which exhibit all the following features : 1 ) the predicate verb generally occurs sentence-initially : e . g . kills mary bear . went john to school . 2 ) the attributive adjective follows the head noun : e . g . girl beautiful child small 3 ) the numeral follows the head noun : e . g . child ( ren ) three girl ( s ) ten 4 ) the genitive attribute follows the head noun : e . g . car john 's house father 's 5 ) the language is prepositional . e . g . in house on table or am i perhaps mistaken in assuming that a "" prototypical "" vso language should show all of the above mentioned features ? thank you in advance for enlightening me . kazuto matsumura kmatsum @ tansei . cc . u-tokyo . ac . jp - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ilcaa , tokyo university of foreign studies nishigahara 4-51 - 21 , kita - ku , tokyo 114 japan tel : + 81 - 3-5974 - 3801 fax : + 81 - 3-5974 - 3838 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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698,"Subject: franz boas
 
 dear fellow linguists . i am a graduate student in taichung , taiwan . recently , i am interested in boas ' life , personality , and work . it is not easy to find the materials about him here . could anyone of you give me some suggestions , ( maybe ) materials . thank you so much for your good advices . rose huang
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699,"Subject: bloomfield
 
 dear fellow linguists , i am a student at a graduate institute in taichung , taiwan . i specially interested in austronisian languages . presently , i am doing my research on the yami language in the orchid island . however , i develope a great interest in the life and work of leonard bloomfield , too . and i would like to learn from his example in my own study and research . i had seen that it is not easy to find materials about bloomfield 's personality , contributions , background , and works . does anyone of you have an idea how i should proceed or can you give me some materials relating to him ? thank you so much . amy wang
",0
700,"Subject: re : 5 . 1305 qs : canadian american , ipa - fonts for dos , genre analysis ,
 
 it may be of general interest to note some differences between canadian and american accents , bearing in mind that both types of accents vary quite a bit , and that what is characteristic of some parts of canada may be characteristic of some parts of the us . for example , one of the most widespread characteristics of canadian english is the merger of short o and long open o , e . g . , hock vs . hawk . although this is also characteristic of certain areas of the us , they are generally not contiguous with the canadian areas of the merger . thus , most of the us border area with canada maintains a distinction . this , then , is a striking contrast , geographically , between canada and the adjacent us at most points . the stereotypical canadian feature , for canadians themselves , and for others who know ( including those who must have handed the canadians their self-stereotype ) is the pronunciation of / aw / as in "" out "" , "" house "" , etc . the nucleus is mid rather than low , so that it sounds something like long o as in "" oat "" as spoken by standard british or philadelphian speakers . commonalities between canada and the adjacent us , similar to the last mentioned feature , is the raising of the nucleus of / ay / as in "" right "" . this seems to keep getting discussed in the context of causing a vowel contrast between "" writer "" and "" rider "" . the canadian and upstate ny contrast has to do with height along the center of vowel space , rather than along the periphery ( central vs . back nucleus ) as in new york city . upstate ny at least , though , seems to be distinct in canada by the more extreme raising of the nucleus of / ay / , and it often sound fronted , as if like a more widespread american / ey / sound , as in "" eight "" . canada is more extreme than the adjacent us in its raising ( from low to mid ) of the / aw / nucleus - the stereotype i discussed above . i have not seen discussion elsewhere of how canadian english deals with short o before r in open syllables . more than most american dialects , it lengthens and raises them to merge with long o , so that "" sorry "" rhymes with "" story "" . this is rare for the words "" sorry "" , "" sorrow "" , "" borrow "" and a few others across us dialects , although it is general in r-ful areas for "" forest "" , "" orange "" and most such words . in this case , the adjacent us dialects , e . g . , northern wisconsin , agree with canada , so that there is a continuum , not the striking border distinction observed for the hock : hawk merger . that 's enough , although i welcome observations on other and more localised canadian and border us dialects . as for the british , when they have an american actor and do n't want to make anything out of the fact that he 's american in a film , they call him canadian - - in order to explain the accent . apparently they do n't hear the difference - - i guess they only hear flapped t 's , but think americans have to be stereotyped as characters , while canadians have more latitude .
",0
701,"Subject: lat . amer . indian lit . symposium
 
 call for papers 12th international symposium on latin american indian literatures 19-23 june 1995 universidad nacional autonoma de mexico , mexico city topics / presentation time the development of topics may be from the perspective of anthropology , art , astronomy , architecture , bibliography , codices , history , ethnohistory , indigenista literature , linguistics , literary studies , medicine , religion , rock art , etc . , and must be clearly and directly related to indigenous literatures . delivery time shall be 30 minutes followed by 10 minutes for questions . abstracts / deadline to be considered , four copies ( typewritten , double spaced ) of a 150-200 word abstract in english or spanish should be sent to : monica barnes , program chair , 377 rector place , apt . 11j , new york , ny 10280 . please include your name , complete address , phone number , and fax ( if you have one ) on the abstract . 1995 dues of $ 25 . 00 ( $ 5 . 00 for students or retirees ) must be paid to laila / alila or accompany the abstract along with the symposium fee of $ 45 . 00 ( $ 12 . 00 for students or retirees ) . ( if this presents difficulties , contact the program chair . ) please make check payable to laila / alila . the absolute deadline for the receipt of abstracts is jan . 31 , 1995 . since many individuals must have confirmation at an earlier date in order to secure funding from their institutions , each abstract will be evaluated by referees and notification will be mailed to the submitter within six weeks after receipt . excursions : 16-18 june 1995 to teotihuacan , cacaxtla , tlaxcala , and museums in mexico city . publication of selected symposium papers papers will be evaluated by three referees and chosen for quality and development of the topic . for information about laila / alila membership , contact dr . mary h . preuss president , laila / alila the pennsylvania state university , mckeesport university drive mckeesport , pa 15132-7698 e - mail contact : ron anderson united states international university san diego , ca 92131 randerso @ sanac . usiu . edu
",0
702,"Subject: call for papers
 
 call for papers 1st annual conference on spanish for native speakers : new directions for the 21st century may 17-19 , 1995 department of languages and linguistics new mexico state university , las cruces , new mexico sponsored by the institute of spanish for native speakers director : cecilia rodriguez pino supported by the college of arts and sciences and the minority recruitment and retention committee , nmsu abstract deadline : january 16 , 1995 call for papers which focus on , but are not limited to : * empirical research in the sns classroom * sns theory which deals with education at the primary , secondary and university levels * integration of chicano literature in the sns classroom * content based instruction * research in related fields which impacts sns theory , curriculum and outcome assessment also included will be a publishers / authors working session send a one page abstract to : daniel villa , chair sns organizing committee dept . of languages and linguistics , nmsu las cruces , new mexico 88003 ( 505 ) 646-1230 , fax ( 505 ) 646-7876 internet : dvilla @ nmsu . edu bitnet : dvilla @ nmsuvm1 if possible , please submit abstracts by e-mail * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * working papers of the institute of spanish for native speakers editors : cecilia rodriguez pino and daniel villa a selection of papers presented at the conference on spanish for native speaker : new directions for the 21st century , will be published in a series of working papers to be housed at the institute of spanish for native speakers at new mexico state university . this series is dedicated to facilitating communication and to sharing information among those interested in issues relating to the teaching of spanish to native speakers of the language . authors will retain the copyright to their papers . papers should be submitted on disk , either in wordperfect , nota bene or ascii format , and should follow the guidelines of the mla handbook . a principal goal of the working papers is to make the accepted works available in as timely a manner as possible ; submitting papers in electronic format will facilitate the publication process . copies of the working papers will be available in hard copy , on disk , or on-line through ftp ( file transfer protocol ) . we strongly encourage those interested in obtaining copies to consider electronic formats , in order to minimize the impact on scarce resources . the cost of copies on paper and on disk will be announced at the conference . papers must be submitted to the editors by june 1 , 1995 , for consideration for publication . please send to the institute of spanish for native speakers , box 30001 , dept . 3l , nmsu , las cruces , nm 88003 , or submit in person at the conference .
",0
703,"Subject: cfp - recent advances in nlp
 
 mov "" ( kivs @ bgearn . bitnet ) , "" galja angelova "" ( galja @ bgearn . bitnet ) , "" george gargov "" ( gargov @ bitnet . bgearn ) , "" dan tufis "" < tufis @ roearn . ici . ac . ro > , ( tufis % roearn . ici . ro @ net . eu . rlay ) , "" pascal vaillant "" ( tapfer @ thomson-lcr . fr ) , < vaillant @ limsi . fr > , "" nikolay vazov "" ( vazov @ fr . limsi ) , nlpeople @ aisb , nlpeople @ cogsci , elsnet-list @ ed . cogsci , aisb @ sussex . cogs , bulg . gm @ applelink . apple . com , acl @ edu . columbia . cs , ikbsbb @ rl . inf , fj-ai @ jp . go . etl , linguist @ edu . tamu . tamvm1 , ln @ bitnet . frmop11 , nl-kr @ edu . rpi . cs , humanist @ edu . brown . brownvm , ln-fr @ bitnet . frmop11 , arpanet-bboard @ edu . mit . lcs . mc , ir-l @ bitnet . uccmvsa , "" eastern ( europe ) language engineering "" ( m5675 @ ie . eurokom ) , nl-kr @ com . sunnyside . ai , empiricists @ csli . stanford . edu , ectl-sub @ snowhite . cis . uoguelph . ca , corpora @ hd . uib . no , jqrqc @ cunyvm . cuny . edu , salt @ cstr . ed . ac . uk international conference "" recent advances in natural language processing "" 14-16 september 1995 velingrad , bulgaria topics of interest : papers reporting on recent advances in all aspects of natural language processing and language engineering are invited , including but not limited to : pragmatics , discourse , semantics , syntax , and the lexicon ; phonetics , phonology , and morphology ; text understanding and generation ; multilingual nlp , machine translation , machine-aidedf { { { { translation , translation aids and tools ; corpus-based language processing ; written and spoken natural language interfaces ; knowledge acquisition ; text summarization ; computer-assisted language learning ; language resources ; evaluation , assessment and standards in language engineering ; and theoretical and application-oriented papers related to nlp of every kind . the conference welcomes also new results in nlp based on modern alternative theories and methodologies to the mainstream techniques of symbolic nlp such as analogy-based , statistical , connectionist as well as hybrid and multimedia approaches . in general , the conference especially welcomes any contribution to the area of language engineering in view of the imminent developments in information technology . program committee : b . boguraev ( apple computer , cupertino ) c . boitet ( imag , grenoble ) k . s . choi ( kaist , taejon ) a . deroeck ( university of essex ) r . delmonte ( university of venice ) s . fincher ( university of edinburgh ) e . haijcova ( charles university , prague ) j . haller ( iai , saarbruecken ) p . jacobs ( sra , arlington ) a . joshi ( university of pennsylvania ) l . kartunen ( xerox grenoble ) m . kay ( xerox , palo alto ) r . kittredge ( university of montreal ) k . kukich ( bellcore , morristown ) j . mariani ( limsi , orsay ) c . martin - vide ( university rovira i virgili ) y . matsumoto ( nara institute of science and technology ) k . mckeown ( columbia university ) r . mitkov ( iai / institute of mathematics ) s . nirenburg ( new mexico state university ) h . somers ( umist , manchester ) p . seuren ( university of nijmegen ) o . stock ( irst , trento ) b . tsou ( city polytechnic of hong kong ) j . tsujii ( umist , manchester ) d . tufis ( romanian academy of sciences ) m . zock ( lismi , orsay ) invited speakers : a . joshi ( university of pennsylvania ) j . tsujii ( umist , manchester ) . paper submission : papers not exceeding 3500 words should be submitted via email ( preferably as plain text ) not later than 20 april 1995 to : ruslan @ iai . uni-sb . de the first page should also contain the surface and email address ( es ) of the author ( s ) , as well as the topic area . submission media : papers should be submitted electronically or in hard copy to : ruslan mitkov iai martin - luther str . 14 d-66111 saarbruecken germany if electronic submission is problematic ( e . g . due to non-standard format , characters , graphics ) not possible , 4 copies of the paper should be sent . schedule : authors must submit their papers by 20 april 1995 . notification of receipt will be mailed to the first author ( or designated author ) soon after receipt . authors will be notified of acceptance by 20 june 1995 . camera - ready versions of the accepted papers , preferably using a laser printer , must be received by 20 july 1995 . location : the town of velingrad is situated in a picturesque valley in the western rhodope mountains and is only 130km from sofia , the capital of bulgaria . the local organizers will provide a daily shuttle bus / conference taxi from sofia airport to the conference location at an inexpensive rate . sofia is easily accessible by plane from most of the major european cities ( e . g . daily flights or several flights per week from london , frankfurt , paris , zurich , vienna and other european cities ) . there are also direct flights to sofia from north america ( washington ) and asia ( singapore , bangkok , kuala lumpur ) . organizing committee : ruslan mitkov iai saarbruecken / institute of mathematics , sofia michael zock limsi , orsay , france manfred kudlek university of hamburg , germany nikolai nikolov incoma / school of computational linguistics , bulgaria nicolas nicolov dept . of ai , university of edinburgh , uk conference information : for further information contact : nicolas nicolov dept of artificial intelligence university of edinburgh 80 south bridge edinburgh eh1 1hn nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk tel : + 44-131 650 2727 fax : + 44-131 650 6516 anyone wishing to arrange an exhibit or present a demonstration should send a brief description together with a specification of physical requirements ( space , power , telephone connections , tables , etc . ) to the above address . the organisers can provide pcs and macintoshes . www and ftp : information about the international conference "" recent advances in natural language processing "" is available via : - www at url : http : / / www . dai . ed . ac . uk / misc / nlp _ conf . html - anonymous ftp from ftp . dai . ed . ac . uk in file : pub / user / adv _ nlp . ps here is an example of how to get the same file by ftp ( user input is underlined ) : $ ftp ftp . dai . ed . ac . uk ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ name ( ftp . dai . ed . ac . uk : nicolas ) : anonymous ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ password : ( - type in your email here ! ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ftp ) cd pub / user ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ftp ) get adv _ nlp . ps ( - postscript version ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ftp ) get adv _ nlp . txt ( - plain text file ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ related events : conference participants are also invited to take part in the international summer school "" contemporary topics in computational linguistics "" , which will take place just before the conference in tzigov chark , batak lake , only 20 km from velingrad . further information about the summer school can be obtained from prof . r . mitkov ( ruslan @ iai . uni-sb . de ) or nicolas nicolov ( nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk ) industrial participants / publishing companies : industrial participants are invited to demonstrate their nlp - related products as well as publishing companies to exhibit their new books on nlp . company representatives should inform nicolas nicolov ( nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk ) of their intention and publishing houses should contact dr . r . mitkov ( ruslan @ iai . uni-sb . de ) .
",0
704,"Subject: * diachronica *
 
 moderators ' note in the interests of a balanced exchange of views , we publish the following reply to a posting by sheila embleton , an editor of diachronica . interchanges of this nature , however , are best carried out in forums other than linguist , and this will thus be our last posting on the topic . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * i am not sure why sheila embleton chose to attack me on linguist but briefly * diachronica * has accepted for publication a paper in which i am attacked personally - - and basically described as an idiot - - on the basis of remarks i made ( or am alleged to have made ) during oral discussion at a conference in ypsilanti last year . i have repeatedly told the author of the paper as well as the editors of * diachronica * that i consider this a rather dubious form of scholarship : i think people should be criticized on the basis of published statements , not oral remarks which cannot be checked for accuracy . moreover , criticizing in print remarks made at a conference during discussions is bound to have a chilling effect on such discussions . * diachronica * chose to disagree , and when i asked for an opportunity to respond to these attacks , i was told that they would not only not accept any rebuttal from me , they would not even consider one by me ( or even a coauthored one by me and others ) , and that furthermore they would not consider any submissions from me whatsoever for a period of at least 2 years . i have no objections to journals which have a policy of not allowing replies or which have a policy of limiting the number of publications by the same person , but in this case no existing policy was cited . as far as i can tell , some of the folks at * diachronica * just decided they do n't like me anymore . which still does not mean that they have the right to publish stuff that comes to close to being slanderous or , i think , to refuse people who have been maligned in print the right to reply ( however briefly ) . alexis manaster ramer
",0
705,"Subject: re : "" snow "" 1 / 2
 
 about snow . . . first , i should apologize to tony for misunderstanding his cocktail advice - - his derivation of the origins of my misunderstanding is correct . second , i think that quotations from boas / whorf are very helpful and a good reminder to those of us in this debate . third , as to the question of whether or not sleet is related to snow . i do n't agree . it is , i agree , related ( and would be defined in relation to ) water , but ( at least i and a few other students that i asked ) would n't define it as a form of snow ( ditto for freezing rain ) . fourth , i agree with tony that "" counting "" has to be mediated by many considerations of grammatical structure in the compared languages and spread of the form in the speech community . but , i do n't think that this wipes out the ( admittedly small , but original ) point . fifth , i ' m going to sidestep the issue over ' lexicalization ' vs . ' complex construction ' because i do n't think that i share the same view as others on the importance / necessity of this distinction - - indeed , it is a bit ironic that another implication of sapir / whorf is that the view that our language is made up out of ' words ' and ' grammar ' ( constructions ) is precisely the kind of objectification , which we would expect and which formal distributional analyses show to be a simplification ) . as jonathan states , "" figuring out just what counts as a simple , lexicalised form is * very * hard in yup ' ik , given that it has a rich , higly productive derivational morphology "" . i agree and the answer would eventually have to draw lines along continua that i do n't think will be labelled ' lexical ' vs . ' construct ' ( and sapir offered some nice theoretical machinery for these kinds of comparative distinctions too ) . i still see only four ' arbitrary and unmotivated ' forms that deal specifically with 's now ' ( i . e . , snow , slush , blizzard , flurry ) . i ' ll leave it to others to decide whether or not various dialects of eskimo have more or less , but even if the point should fail here it still has life to it . so , i still find myself agreeing with the original insight . the point - - and not all that it has been used to argue - - has always seemed obvious to me . perhaps if we narrow the scope of the relevant speech community and bring it closer to home , it is easier to see . would n't we all accept the idea that _ on average _ lawyers ( vs . non-lawyers ) have more distinct forms for legal concepts than do others outside this community / culture ? ( and , of course , what we mean by distinct forms implies all of the complex relative distinctions hinted at above ) . similarly to take an example i know more about , statistically speaking arabs have more arbitrary and unmotivated forms for camels than english speakers ( even accounting for differences in the syntactico-semantic structures of the two languages ) . why does this simple - - and to be honest relatively uninteresting - - idea seem to bother people so much ? douglas j . glick department of anthropology vassar college doglick @ vassar . edu
",0
706,"Subject: call for book proposals
 
 sage publications is seeking to expand its line of books and journals in the areas of theoretical linguistics , applied linguistics , psycholingusitics , computational linguistics , sociolinguistics , and cognitive linguistics . if you have a book or journal idea , or have considered writing a book or starting a journal , please read on . sage is a well known publisher within the fields of methodology , sociology , psychology , communication , evaluation , anthropology , and a variety of other disciplines and professions . you may be familiar with our quantitative applications in the social sciences series , also known as the "" little green books . "" for a book to be of interest to sage it must meet two criteria : 1 . it must be good work based on sound scholarship , and preferably break new ground ; 2 . it must have a reasonable prospect of selling several thousand copies over the 3 - 5 year life of an edition . the successful sage book will draw its audience from one or more of the following sources : 1 . the book might be a primary textbook for an undergraduate or graduate course . 2 . the book might be supplemental reading in an upper division undergraduate or graduate course , or one of several books assigned to a seminar . 3 . the book may serve as a reference work or be used for professional development , i . e . , a book bought by a scholar to serve as a reference or as an introduction to a subject . 4 . the book may be used as a tutorial by graduate students or for continuing education by professionals and scholars . 5 . the book may be purchased by libraries ( generally a function of topic relevance and a positive book review . ) i plan to attend both the mla conference in san diego and the lsa conference in new orleans . if you would like to contact me before the meetings , i can be reached at sage : j . alex schwartz linguistics editor sage publications , inc . thousand oaks , ca 91320 ( 805 ) 499 ? 0721 or e - mail c / o cat _ mcglothlin @ sagepub . com
",0
707,"Subject: uk linguists : invitation
 
 i am forwarding the following message on behalf of the people who are responsible for inspecting teaching in all our linguistics departments . please circulate to colleagues who do n't subscribe to linguist . xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx "" 18 november 1994 1995-96 higher education quality assessment programme as you may be aware , the higher education funding council for england ( hefce ) is required under the terms of the further and higher education act 1992 to secure that provision is made for assessing the quality of education in institutions for whose activities they provide financial support . the council has welcomed this obligation and sees assessment of education as a vitally important part of its work . assessments are carried out within specific subject areas and assessors , who are experts in their fields , visit institutions to judge the quality of the student learning experience that they observe . one of the eight subjects to be covered in the 1995-96 programme is linguistics . other subjects which are included and which could be linked in assessment with linguistics are german & related languages , french , russian & eastern european languages , italian , and iberian . the subject specialist assessors must have industrial , commercial or professional experience in their subject , coupled with a broad knowledge of higher education : it is unlikely that anyone at a junior level will have sufficient authority . the minimum commitment will be to take part in four assessments visits between april 1995 and september 1996 ( a total commitment of 20 days of which just 14 will require an absence from the workplace ) . each specialist assessor will be paid a per diem rate of l150 including vat , and travel and subsistence costs will be met by the council . full training will , of course , be received by assessors aimed at developing their assessment skills . this focuses particular attention on role and use of self-assessments , and on the conduct of assessment activities , including the protocol to be observed when carrying out assessment visits . further particulars on the role of subject specialist assessors can be found in circular 33 / 94 which has been sent to all he institutions in england , scotland and northern ireland . if any members of your association would be interested in becoming assessors , or even simply in finding out more about the role of an assessor without committing themselves , there is an informal meeting on 5 december in london and two others on 6 and 12 december in birmingham at which they would be most welcome . in which case , please contact shirley cook on 0272 317461 as soon as possible . "" xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx please do not send inquiries etc to me - i ' m just the postman ! dick hudson dept of phonetics and linguistics , university college london , gower street , london wc1e 6bt uclyrah @ ucl . ac . uk
",0
708,"Subject: 
 
 a n n o u n c i n g cunyforum 18 , summer 1994 journal of working papers in linguistics , cuny graduate center c o n t e n t s the development of dominican vernacular spanish - - kate green the pragmatics of verbal abuse - - edgar a . gregersen parsing japanese relative clauses : raising or lowering ? - - yuki hirose the interpretation of case - deleted sentences in japanese - - mana kobuchi - philip what is innate about functional categories ? - - ingeborg lasser language contact in sao tome and principe ( west africa ) - - gerardo a . lorenzino a comparative morphosyntactic study of the restructured portuguese of africa and brazil - - heliana r . mello artificial cognition and language - - john a . moyne * * * subscription rates : regular $ 10 ; students $ 5 ; institutions $ 20 ; overseas add $ 10 . send checks to : cunyforum ; linguistics department ; cuny graduate center ; 33 west 42nd street ; new york , ny 10036 . other inquiries to emfgc @ cunyvm . cuny . edu .
",0
709,"Subject: 
 
 poetics - journal of empirical research on literature , media and the arts - edited by : c . j . van rees , the netherlands . "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" contents : volume 22 ( 1994 ) no . 5 h . verdaasdonk analogies as tools for classifying and appraising literary texts . d . s . miall & d . kuiken foregrounding , defamiliarization , and affect : response to literary stories . m . hayward genre recognition of history and fiction . d . f . rossen - knill toward a pragmatics for literary interpretation . "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" published by elsevier science - north holland for enquiries & free sample copy - freesamples @ elsevier . co . uk
",0
710,"Subject: seeing the barn red
 
 all right , since we ' re putting in anomalies : how about the difference between "" jane imagined her spoon bent "" and "" uri geller imagined his spoon bent "" ? mark a . mandel dragon systems , inc . : speech recognition : + 1 617 965-5200 320 nevada st . : newton , mass . 02160 , usa : mark @ dragonsys . com
",0
711,"Subject: who animal in russian etc .
 
 jules 's point about animacy in the grammar of russian does not explain why russians use * kto * ' who ' for asking about varieties of animals ( as in * kto tebja ukusil * , lit . ' who bit you ' , where english and many other lgs would have ' what ' ) . the problem is that polish has the same grammar of animacy in other respects but would not use ' who ' for animals that way ( as far as i can tell ) . alexis mr
",0
712,"Subject: re : 5 . 1304 sum : linguistics and imperialism
 
 on wed , 16 nov 1994 , the linguist list wrote : ) > grammar books in english came into being in the ) > 18th century , ) > peter tan ) that may be true of america , but in england there were already a fair number in the 16th century , and more in the 17th century . just a couple of historical examples that surely make it hard to see any necessary relation between linguistics and imperialism : von humboldt , at a time when germany did n't even exist as a nation baudoin de courtenay , at a time when poland ditto in fact , i would have thought that proponents of critical language awareness would see linguistics as potentially an instrument of liberation . it 's a truism that science can be used for good or bad ; we seem to have found another case in point . richard ingham
",0
713,"Subject: reminder iwcs
 
 * * * r e m i n d e r * * * international workshop on computational semantics december 19-21 , 1994 , tilburg , the netherlands the institute for language technology and artificial intelligence will host a workshop on computational semantics that will take place in tilburg , the netherlands , from 19 - 21 december 1994 . the aim of the workshop is to bring together researchers involved in all aspects of computational semantics of natural language . hotel - rooms can be booked through the iwcs secretariat ( see the form below ) , but , if one intends to , it is advisable to do so shortly , taking into account the upcoming holidays . preliminary schedule ( tilburg university , room az9 ) monday december 19 09 . 00-09 . 45 hrs registration at the hall of building b 09 . 45-10 . 00 hrs opening by harry bunt ( itk , tilburg ) 10 . 00-10 . 40 hrs allan ramsay ( ireland ) "" the co - operative lexicon "" 10 . 40-10 . 55 hrs coffee 10 . 55-11 . 35 hrs chris fox ( uk ) "" discourse representation , type theory and property theory "" 11 . 35-12 . 15 hrs rene ahn ( the netherlands ) "" dynamic knowledge states in type theory "" 12 . 15-13 . 45 hrs lunch 13 . 45-14 . 25 hrs henk zeevat ( the netherlands ) "" questions and exhaustivity in update semantics "" 14 . 25-15 . 05 hrs rodger kibble ( scotland ) "" dynamics of epistemic modality and anaphora "" 15 . 05-15 . 45 hrs matthew stone ( usa ) "" the reference argument of epistemic ` must ' "" 15 . 45-16 . 00 hrs tea 16 . 00-16 . 40 hrs leon verschuur ( the netherlands ) "" agreement and dynamic semantics in hpsg "" 16 . 40-17 . 20 hrs jonathan ginzberg ( scotland ) "" an update semantics for dialogue "" 17 . 20 hrs drinks tuesday december 20 09 . 00-09 . 40 hrs tim fernando ( germany ) "" what is a drs ? "" 09 . 40-10 . 20 hrs n . asher , m . aurnague , m . bras , p . sablayrolles and l . vieu ( france ) "" computing the spatiotemporal structure of discourse "" 10 . 20-10 . 35 hrs coffee 10 . 35-11 . 15 hrs jose coch and raphael david ( france ) "" causality and multisentential text "" 11 . 15-11 . 55 hrs claire gardent and joke dorrepaal ( the netherlands ) "" reversible discourse processing "" 11 . 55-12 . 35 hrs henriette de swart and arie molendijk ( the netherlands ) "" negation in narrative discourse "" 12 . 35-13 . 45 hrs lunch 13 . 45-14 . 25 hrs nissim francez and jonathan berg ( israel ) "" mdrt : a multi - agent extension of drt "" 14 . 25-15 . 05 hrs massimo poesio ( scotland ) "" ambiguity , underspecification and discourse interpretation "" 15 . 05-15 . 45 hrs j . bos e . mastenbroek , s . mcglashan , s . millies and m . pinkal ( germany ) "" a compositional drs - based formalism for nlp applications "" 15 . 45-16 . 00 hrs tea 16 . 00-16 . 40 hrs stephen pulman ( uk ) "" a computational theory of context dependence "" 16 . 40-17 . 40 hrs discussion wednesday december 21 09 . 00-09 . 40 hrs tsutomu fujinami ( uk ) "" a transitional approach to semantics : encoding situation - theoretic objects into the pi-calculus "" 09 . 40-10 . 20 hrs ariel cohen ( usa ) "" reasoning with generics "" 10 . 20-10 . 35 hrs coffee 10 . 35-11 . 15 hrs daniel marcu and graeme hirst ( canada ) "" an implemented formalism for computing linguistic presuppostions and existential commitments "" 11 . 15-12 . 05 hrs gosse bouma ( the netherlands ) "" calculated flexibility "" 12 . 05-13 . 45 hrs lunch registration form international workshop on computational semantics 19-21 december 1994 tilburg , the netherlands name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . affiliation : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . address : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . city , state , zip code : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telephone : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fax : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . email address : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . registration fee before november 1 , 1994 dfl . 275 , 00 after november 1 , 1994 dfl . 325 , 00 method of payment : 0 bank transfer transfer the registration fee in dutch guilders to : * abn / amro bank account number 45 50 46 042 ; tilburg university , warandelaan 2 , 5037 gc tilburg please mention code 951 . 55 , computational semantics , and your name . please calculate transfer charges , as we must receive the full registration fee . any shortfall in fees will have to be paid upon arrival . 0 postal money order make the fee ( in dutch guilders ) payable to : * tilburg university , warandelaan 2 , 5037 gc tilburg please mention code 951 . 55 , computational semantics and your name . please calculate transfer charges , as we must receive the full registration fee . any shortfall in fees will have to be paid upon arrival . 0 visa card if you pay by credit card please fax us the following information : card number : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . expiration date : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . name as it appears on card : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i authorize tilburg university to charge my account for the total fee of . . . . . . . . . . ( signature ) hotel reservation do you want us to make hotel reservations for you ? ( the price of a single room will be approximately dfl . 135 , 00 per person per night , breakfast included . ) yes / no if your answer to the previous question was yes , please fill in the date of your arrival and departure . date of arrival : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . date of departure : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . send this registration form to : marja klijn institute for language technology and artificial intelligence ( itk ) tilburg university p . o . box 90153 5000 le tilburg the netherlands tel . : + 31 13 663113 fax : + 31 13 662537 email : computational . semantics @ kub . nl gerrit rentier ( ma ) institute for language technology and artificial intelligence tilburg university , po box 90153 , 5000 le tilburg , the netherlands phone : ( + 31 ) ( 0 ) 13 662970 fax : ( + 31 ) ( 0 ) 13 662537 email : rentier @ kub . nl
",0
714,"Subject: esl in children cut off from their native language - any insights ?
 
 2 years ago , my wife and i adopted two kids from russia , at the time aged 6 . 5 and 5 . at the time , i informally asked around and got the impression that there was unlikely to be anything particularly interesting linguistically about their experiences in learning english , and was referred to several books on esl / 2nd language learning among immigrants . unfortunately , due to the joys of parenting , i never read most of the references i was given ( i spent the time trying to learn russian instead ) . i recently read something in another adoptive parent 's posted experience that made me again wonder about my kids ' experiences in learning english , which so far have apparently been a little unusual for adoptive kids ( i ' ll skip the details at this point in my inquiry ) . i am starting to wonder if there is indeed something important in the language experiences of kids adopted into a foreign language environment after infancy . the key difference between international adoptions and other esl situations is that the older adopted kids suddenly are cut off from input in their native language with a certain level of vocabulary and mastery of that language , and thrown into an esl / 2nd language situation where they learn a new language usually with no support in their native language . learning the new language takes a considerable amount of time - my kids could communicate only minimally in english for about a year , but for most adoptive kids , use of the 1st language seems to stop within 1 - 3 months since the kids seem to realize that it no longer serves any useful communicative function . after 2 years , my kids speak what to most people sounds like fluent idiomatic english . however , their vocabulary seems greatly restricted compared to native english kids their age - and their passive vocabulary ( words they understand that they do n't use themselves ) seems to be especially restricted . they also have some peculiarities in grammar and usage - perhaps those typical of second language speakers , but ignored in the adoptive kids since they speak with no trace of an accent . these problems seem to be especially persistent , probably because they pass unnoticed most of the time ( they do show up in the kids ' writing now ) and they are resistent to correction . my readings in linguistics have thus far all seemed to generalize about a critical period lasting past my kids ' age , where they are supposed to learn languages like a sponge . the other adoptive parent , however , posted that in talking with esl experts , she found out that "" esl learners generally cannot do phonics in the second language , nor can they follow along in group oral reading . it takes 7 to 11 years in the second language to develop the ability to manipulate written english , particularly abstract cognitive academic material . "" that poster also said that children completely removed from their native language "" before mastering all of its principles "" have especial problems in learning the new language . she also said that many of the normal esl procedures break down in such kids , that there are no good tests for diagnosing language and learning problems in such kids , and that the situation is enough unlike the normal esl situation that trained esl teachers may not recognize problems or know how to solve them . she gave several references , but mostly on the pragmatic "" how to help your kid "" level . but putting on my linguist hat , and reading between the lines , i came up with some questions that i put to the linguistic community : 1 . is anyone reading this doing any research relating to language acquisition in kids cut off from their native tongue in the formative years ? 2 . can anyone provide me references to such work ? 3 . whether i get answers to # 1 or # 2 , what years are the "" formative years "" in which cutting off the child from the native language will have an effect on 2nd language learning ? 4 . does this age range have any relation to the "" critical period "" of language learning ? might there be a correlation that would tell us something about how and why kids learn languages differently and more easily than adults ? 5 . what are the different effects of cutting off a child from his native language at different ages / stages in language formation ? it seems pretty obvious that at the earliest years , "" 2nd language "" learning would asymptotically approach identity with the learning of the first language . 6 . when 1st and 2nd languages have contrasting features , it would seem that these kids would provide especial insight into ug models with parameters , in addition providing some clue as to when and how the parameters are set . has anyone looked at this ? 7 . what is the long-term language prognosis for such kids ? 7 to 11 years of language difficulty , when the difficulty often goes unnoticed ( or at least the fact that the difficulty is due to language problems - the adoptive parent who posted gave a detailed chronicle of her daughter 's varying problems from adoption at age 4 until 5th grade when the parent finally came to find out why her daughter was having problems even though she spoke english fluently ) - this seems likely to have severe long-term effects . 8 . my kids and all others i know of have completely lost the native language except for word isolates . do such kids relearn their native language any easier when they get older ? again , looking at contrasting features that such kids have difficulty relearning might tell us a lot about "" parameter setting "" especially when the difficulties do not match those of others acquiring the language as a 2nd langusge with no prior experience in the language . kids cut off from the native language would seem more likely to give clear data on this . 9 . are the effects of being cut-off from one 's native language different in kids like mine ? my kids were cut off from the native language only incompletely - they still had each other to talk to , in addition to my wife and my rudimentary self-teaching - but all of this continued exposure to the native language was impoverished both in vocabulary and grammar . ) russian remained the language of our household for most of the kids ' first year here , and i quickly came to understand the differences in language at differing ages . i could understand and communicate with my kids quite well ( and fluently ) in russian after about a month , but still cannot understand even a slow talking russian adult . the types of errors kids tolerate ( and make - my kids often had the ' wrong ' declensional ending on irregular words ) seem quite different from what adults accept . 10 . are there any english language discussions about child language acquisition in russian kids ? ( i ' m sure there are russian language sources , but i would never get through them . ) i would like to know what the typical russian child at the age my kids were adopted would typically have mastered in features like declensions , numbers , perfective / imperfective distinctions , and proper use of cases - things that i have n't mastered well enough to be able to extract from relistening to tapes thaty i made while they still spoke russian fluently . lojbab lojbab @ access . digex . net bob lechevalier , president , the logical language group , inc . 2904 beau lane , fairfax va 22031-1303 usa 703-385 - 0273 for the artificial language loglan / lojban , see ftp . cs . yale . edu / pub / lojban or see lojban www server : href = "" http : / / xiron . pc . helsinki . fi / lojban / ""
",0
715,"Subject: summary : hindi - urdu tense-aspect
 
 the original question stemmed from a comment in bailey 's urdu grammar ( 1956 ) on the following construction : mayng khaataa hung i eat . participle be . 1s bailey insists that this construction , despite looking like a typical progressive construction , must be translated "" i eat "" and not "" i ' m eating "" ( bailey 1956 : 139 ) . rather , the following constructions contrast according to the translations : mayng bactaa hung i escape . part be . 1s "" i escape "" mayng bac rahaa hung i escape stay . en be . 1s "" i am escaping "" ( bailey 1956 : 42 ) respondents were able to confirm that the first excludes the progressive reading , and that the construction with "" stay "" must be used for the progressive . this appears to hold for the urdu - hindi dialects . subsequent research suggests that the same phenomenon operates in neighbouring punjabi . thanx again to those who responded .
",0
716,"Subject: summary : french creole apres for progressive
 
 the original question concerned the use of apres in french creoles for the progressive rather than the perfect which would be expected on typological grounds . the enormous response precludes listing all who answered . it would seem that the moral of the story is that one should n't assume what is normal in any given case . in this instance , it was simply incorrect to assume that standard french en train de was normal ; in fact , it would appear that standard french has innovated in this respect . according to respondants , the apres construction for the progressive is found in many vernacular french 's including canadian , swiss and cajun . one would assume that the vernacular is the source of the creole progressive . the semantics of apres is only strange on the assumption that the form means "" after . "" it does appear that the vernacular progressive preserves the original sense of a - pres , which in fact conforms to expectations based on cross-linguistic study . in standard french , the corresponding expression is aupres . many respondents drew my attention to the "" after ving "" construction of english dialect . h . rogers at uoft informs me that the construction is a perfect and not a progressive ; i have since confirmed this analysis . in addition to welsh , scots gaelic has an "" after ving "" perfect that is the likely source of the construction . apparently the preposition in scots gaelic ( air ) now means "" on "" outside of the progressive construction ( an deigh "" after "" ) . thanks again to all who responded . it was an interesting exercise .
",0
717,"Subject: re : sum : native speaker intuitions
 
 marilyn silva recently summarised responses dealing with "" native speaker intuitions "" , especially with respect to the sentence ' john asked mary to leave ' . she notes that several respondents pointed out that the interpretation of this sentence is determined , at least in part , pragmatically , and the view that the interpretation is syntactically fixed is wrong . this point is demonstrated by the ) pair of examples : ) ) [ 1 ] the teacher asked the child to leave the room . ) [ 2 ] the child asked the teacher to leave the room . i am a native speaker of english ( new zealand english ) , and i am not a syntactician , so i do n't think my syntax is being moulded by my , or anyone else 's , rules or theories , but , in both [ 1 ] and [ 2 ] , i can only interpret the person being asked ( the child in [ 1 ] , the teacher in [ 2 ] ) as being the person required to leave the room . no amount of ) intuition fatigue ( which could be summed ) up as "" say a weird string 50 times and it sounds good ; say a ) good string 50 times and it sounds weird "" ) has been able to change my interpretation of this kind of sentence . perhaps for some people the interpretation of this sentence * is * syntactically determined . the summary concludes with : ) in his post to me , carson contends that judgment data "" can ) provide real , useful data , if we would just be more systematical ) and careful about how we collect them . of course speakers will ) differ on certain points . . . . the interesting question is whether ) the range of variation we find is systematically constrained in ) ways that interesting theories of grammar can explain . "" i agree that ( native ) speakers will differ on certain points - - my syntax probably differs from that of most people , and i think this is probably typical ( in my case the following ( a ) sentences are ungrammatical and would normally be the ( b ) sentences : 1 . ( a ) i promised mary to leave . ( b ) i promised mary i would leave . 2 . ( a ) candidates are recommended to obtain the booklet . ( b ) it is recommended that candidates obtain the booklet . 3 . ( a ) john requires to pass the examination . ( b ) john needs to / must pass the examination . john requires a pass in the examination . s . o . requires john to pass the examination . 4 . ( a ) i saw the barn red . ( b ) ? ? ? it is important that syntactitions realise that one there are probably thousands of syntactically distinct englishes out there , and i am not talking about socially or geographically definable varities . there may not be many new zealand english speakers who share the above judgments , but * my * english is no less based on a natural language grammar than anyone else 's . because the interpretation of a certain construction may be influenced by pragmatic factors is some , or even in the majority , of speakers , does not disqualify a purely syntactic account if there are speakers whose language data are accounted for by it . where there is variation among langauge users , it is very important not to conflate these differences and try to base a grammar ( syntax / phonology . . . ) on an impure sample . untimately , a grammar is an account of an individual ' s language . student 's who disagree with data are rarely being contentious - - i contend that they have a slightly different grammatical structure which is , of course , no less valuable in the search for constraints on syntactic structure than the teacher 's or a "" received "" english grammar . i heartily endorse carson 's call for more systematic and careful collection of syntactic data . think about it - - is your english really syntactically the same as your colleague 's , or your father 's ? if not , care must be taken when conflating data from these sources , and even more care must be taken when conflating data from even more diverse sources . wayne p . lawrence
",0
718,"Subject: summ : concepts unknown in dutch
 
 summary : concepts not known in dutch a couple of weeks ago i posted a question re . the concepts in english and american , which were unknown in dutch . i would like to thank all who contributed to the list below , which i have compiled from the replies . the reason for the request was to incorporate some examples in a call programme ( l2 = english ) . using only contextsentences as a means to derive word meanings , we would expect a low success rate in a condition with such target words . this finding might show that the context method is not the best method for such words . i will publish the results hope - fully next year . thanks again . paul olierook utrecht university holland . over & down 11 - plus anchorman bagel baked / fried basement bird boardwalk call waiting cereal cheeze wiz chili chipmunk collard greens collect call college condo convenience store corn syrup cranberry sauce diner doggie bag donut dope dorm ( itory ) drive-by shooting drive-in field goal geek graduate student grand jury grits hall pass home run ice cream floats inch jack o ' lantern maple syrup marshmallow fluff midship man minute man moron muffin nerd pantry pickup truck pie poison ivy porch potluck precinct caucus quart quarterback rumble strips scrum shopping mall sitcom snow blower submarine sandwich subway token succotash summer squash summercamp tabloid to relish to bring / to take town meeting treasury tags trick or treating tuna surprize turnpike turnstile twinkies water fountain water cooler whipped cream whipping cream wicket winter squash yard .
",0
719,"Subject: sum : analogy to 1sg
 
 some time ago i posted query asking for an an example of an analogical development in the inflectional system of any language , preferably an indo - european language , whereby the 2d and 3d persons singular were remade in the image of the 1st sg . the very possibility of such a development appears to have been denied in an important article by cowgill on the reflexes of ie laryngeals in greek , and it struck me as a bizarre claim , but i could not found any ready counterexamples . i would like to thank robert hoberman , lars borin , dana paramskas , george fowler , maggie winters , and max wheeler for responding . the closest to what i am looking for was identified by wayles browne : polish present tenses of the verb ' to eat ' : jem 1sg jesz 2sg je 3sg of these , only jem is inherited . the other two forms have been remade analogically , replacing what would be expected to come out as * jesi , * jes ' c ' . however , even this example is not completely compelling since it seems that the analogy here involves this verb taking the endings typical of another conjugation rather than specifically remodeling the 2sg and 3sg on the basis of the 1sg . so , was cowgill right ? can 1sg never serve as the basis for an analogical remaking of 2sg and 3sg ? ( there are examples of 2sg being ( re ) modeled on 1sg , robert hoberman pointing out that this is what happened in the perfect of ge ' ez , and i have since also found discussion of this happening in some yemeni arabic dialects , but the 3sg is not affected in any of these cases ) . alexis manaster ramer
",0
720,"Subject: summary : in other words
 
 dear netters , i have posted several queries a few months ago . about ten members of the linguist list answered me by e-mails . i must show great thanks especially to prof . welchsler , prof . jewett , prof . edwards ( who sent me examples of iow from london - lund corpus ) , prof . patrikis , prof . spackman , prof . macrakis , prof . alvarez - caccamo , prof . harris , prof . huettner , and dr . georgia green ( who introduced me "" two types of convention in indirect speech acts "" by j . l . morgan , contained in the volume : _ syntax and semantics , vol . 9 : pragmatics _ edited by peter cole ( 1978 , new york : academic press ) . the following are my own summary . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * in this summary , i propose the hearer 's implicature / implication - interpretation process ( prof . alvarez - caccamo 's suggestion ) , which constrains on the use of in other words ( iow ) in english . i would distinguish between speaker 's intended implicature and hearer 's interpreted implicature . thus , speaker a may have the intention to implicate x , but hearer b may very well fail to recognize such impli - cature or else may interpret some other . even if b correctly interprets a 's intention , b 's interpretation depends largely upon the context and / or background assumption . the use of iow is such a case . a dictionary edited by ball ( 1986 ) calls such usage "" inferential function "" , though he uses the term rather informally in the dictionary . i will follow his terminology just for the sake of convenience . the inferential use of iow frequently occurs between the two people 's dialogue . ( 1 ) a : i ' m afraid there is n't much i can help you with . b : _ in other words _ , you do n't want to be bothered . although the interpretation process of ( 1 ) is very close to what is called "" conventional "" use , i . e . it might be processed spontaneously , without any inferential process in the hearer 's mind , b guesses a 's real intent , which is not directly inferred from a 's utterance , but indirect - ly from a 's implicature . in order for b to necessitate iow , b exploits his / her background assumption / encyclopedic knowledge , implicating that a is busy now , or a does n't feel at ease with b . let the implicature just explained be c , then a sequential flow of consciousness / inferential process such as a $ @ "" * ( jc $ @ "" * ( jb emerges . iow is a visible index of the hearer 's implicature-interpretation process . speaker / hearer 's background assumption varies between common sense and the knowledge which is only valid between the speaker and hearer . ( 2 ) a : i love schubert 's late piano sonatas . b : _ in other words _ , you do n't like the beethoven sonatas ? iow in ( 2b ) is derived by the use of a restricted set of background assumption in which b has already admired the beethoven sonatas . b assumes that a is also an admirer of beethoven , but contrary to b 's assumption a declares an admiration for schubert . so , b feels criticism in a 's words . b 's background assumption becomes an old information , conflates a 's new information and enables iow to create a = b . "" non - conventional "" , rather complicated use of iow is the following . ( 3 ) a : i ' m going to kill you . b : _ in other words _ , you 'd like it if i moved my car . for example , b 's car stands in the way of a 's car , so that a gets infuriated at b . the situation like the above gets a to utter such harsh words ; kill you . a 's real intent , in this case implicature / implication , is "" i ' m going to kill you if you do n't move your car "" , or simply "" move your car "" , which is labelled as c again . b , beginning with iow , paraphrases c by b 's own words . again in order for b to use iow , h / she must infer that a assumes / implicates c . background assumption mitigates b 's processing effort . if not , b processes too much effort and cannot interpret a 's words . b 's job here is to process the flow of the dialogue like a $ @ "" * ( jc $ @ ! a ( jb . b 's failure to process / infer the flow of the dialogue sometimes occurs . ( 1 ' ) a : i ' m afraid there is n't much i can help you with . b ' : ? _ in other words _ , you need to be helped . in the context where a really needs help , s / he does n't bother to say that s / he can't help b ' . if a 's hands are full of the parcels and he visibly needs help , so that s / he says s / he can't help b ' , there is a possibility of b ' saying it is you who need to be helped . however , this is a very insulting comment , because b ' actually implies that if you can't help me , you are not a capable person . so , you are the one who needs help . another completely misled example of inference is the following . ( 4 ) a : sorry , i can't help you now , because i ' m busy . b : * _ in other words _ , you ' re busy . unacceptability of b comes from a 's words _ because i ' m busy _ , where a has already spoken out his own implicature c . mere repetition cannot be allowed in iow 's case . if something extra can be implied in b 's response , type of ( 4 ) is ok . ( 5 ) a : sorry , i can't help you now . b : _ in other words _ , you can't . ( - ) ' you really can't . ' ) in summary , an utterance "" a . in other words , b "" has an inferential process / hearer 's interpretive process "" a $ @ "" * ( jc ; in other words c $ @ ! a ( jb "" . iow can be campared with 's o ' and ' then , ' etc . the following results are the above contributors ' reactions . ( * ) means that there are some who judge a sentence acceptable and others unacceptable . ' so ' : $ @ ! ! ( j ( 6 ) a . there was $ 5 in his wallet . { _ so _ / ( * ) _ in other words _ } he had n't spent all the money . b . she 's your teacher . { _ so _ / ( * ) _ in other words _ } you must respect her . $ @ ! ! ( j ( 7 ) playing the french horn . a : anyway , the horn makes funny noises . { _ so _ / ( * ) _ in other words _ } it 's a treacherous instrument , is n't it ? it 's something that is very hard for you to control . why is that ? too much spit , or what ? b : i ' m glad you ' ve used that term . because it 's not difficult . it is treacherous . so are the players , of course . but that 's another story . $ @ ! ! ( j ( 8 ) tom ate condemned meat . { _ so _ / * _ in other words _ } he felt ill . $ @ ! ! ( j ( 9 ) bill insulted mary . { _ so _ / _ in other words _ } she left . in contrast with resultative 's o 's ' in ( 6 ) and ( 7 ) , two 's o 's ' in ( 8 ) and ( 9 ) are sequential . in the case of iow , one is ok and the other is out . ( 9 ) can be interpreted that bill 's insulting mary always leads to her leaving ( here ) , so that iow is permitted . iow in ( 8 ) is n't ok because eating condemned meat always equals to his feeling ill , in which case iow in such situation is redundant / meaningless / uninformative . ' then ' : $ @ ! ! ( j ( 10 ) an insurance man visits a girl he knows . he has brought her a policy application for signature . they talked about her husband . girl : i ' m expecting robert home soon . insurance salesman : oh ! why ? is he in trouble ? g : no . he 's thinking of setting up in business on his own . is : oh , good for him . g : you think it 's a good idea ? is : yes , why not ? g : small businesses are going bust all over the place . is : so , there are millions of people on the dole right now who thought they were safe and secure working for someone else . { _ so _ / _ in other words _ / ( * ) _ then _ } , now 's the time to have a go . there 's nothing else to lose anyway . g : think so ? is : yes . ' in that case ' : $ @ ! ! ( j ( 11 ) a : i ' m afraid there is n't much i can help you with . b : { _ in that case _ / ( * ) _ in other words _ } i shall have to ask someone else . ' that is ' : $ @ ! ! ( j ( 12 ) they took refreshments , { _ that is _ / * _ in other words _ } , sand - witches , coffee , beer , fruit juice , and chocolate . ball ( 1986 ) explains that ' that is ' is open-ended and iow is closed - ended . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * if you have further comments on my analyisis of iow above , please do n't hesitate to e-mail me . thanks very much for all the help you have given . sincerely , hiroaki tanaka associate professor , tokushima university , japan . e-mail : gca01363 @ niftyserve . or . jp
",0
721,"Subject: sum : wh animal
 
 i recently asked about whether one says ' who ' or ' what ' to ask what variety of animal in contexts such as : a . a person walks into a room with a swollen arm . you say : ' wh - bit you ? ' or b . you see an animal disappearing into the woods . you say : ' wh - is that ? ' the following languages ( thanks to the people listed for the info ) seem to use ' what ' only , although in context a gave some of the respondents did not like either alternative . greek ( a speaker who wished not to be identified by name ) finnish , swedish ( jussi karlgren ) english , hebrew ( david gil ) dutch , french ( bert peeters ) georgian ( ivan derzhanski ) german ( john peterson ) norwegian , swedish ( marit julien ) danish ( soren harder ) i would add polish to this list , based on my own judgements . ivan derzhanski adds bulgarian to the list , his testimony being particularly valuable , since he feels a clear contrast between bulgarian and russian here , but greg gouzev says that he would use ' who ' in context a ( but not b ) . on the other hand , dale russell reports that in cheyenne : "" people are all animate , but so are rocks , trees and leaves ( but not branches ) and the sun . animals are all animate , so far as i know . some body parts are animate , roughly those that are voluntarily movable . noses are not animate , fingers are . if you point to a rock and ask "" what is this ? "" , a native speaker will correct you , and say "" who is this ? "" , then answer the question - - at least that was my experience , in a field-methods type language learning experience . "" jonathan bobaljnik reports that itel ' men sometimes uses ' who ' and sometimes ' what ' for referring to animals . unfortunately , there 's very little data on the language , so i can't be very specific about the conditions determining which you get when . the clearest example of a language that uses ' who ' is russian ( in a striking contrast to closely related polish and bulgarian ) , as stated in standard works on this language and confirmed to me by alex eulenberg , ari solovyova , and ivan derzhanski ( but i must add that daniel radzinski reports that at least one speaker he spoke with gave different judgements ) . i find particularly interesting the fact that russian linguists working on other languages routinely note this difference between russian and whatever language they are describing ( i have seen this probably dozens of times in russian grammars or dictionaries of various languages of the former empire ) . barbara abbott noted a reference i had missed : chomsky 's in _ current issues in linguistic theory _ ( mouton , 1964 ) , p . 40 , notes that we cannot say "" what is eating its dinner ? ( the cat or the dog ) "" , and that ' who ' is also not natural in that context . a lot of the respondents indicated similar difficulties in other languages . i have not kept track of these , but they include french , danish , etc . , as noted by various respondents ( including frank gladney on english ) . cathy ball says that older forms of english sometimes use ' what are you ? ' in addressing a human being . special thanks to osten dahl who first pointed out to me that you have to define very particular contexts for this question , since in many contexts many lgs allow neither ' who ' nor ' what ' . alexis manaster ramer
",0
722,"Subject: linguistics mail list in japan
 
 there is now a linguistics mailing list in japan . as i understand it , the language of this group is in principle japanese . so , please ignore this message if you do n't / can't use japanese characters in e-mailing . those who do e-mail in japanese can subscribe to this group by the following procedure . please note that the subscription process is probably handled manually . use the following template ( in japanese ) when sending a subscription request to : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ linguistics-request @ atom . ntt . jp ( n . b . the 's ubject : ' line may contain any descriptive header . ) ( template of the body of the text in japanese characters ) shimei : shozoku kikan : yuubin juusho : denwa bangoo : ( optional ? ) denshi meeru juusho : kanshin o motte-iru bun ' ya : katsuhiko momoi foreign languages & literature st . cloud state university
",0
723,"Subject: re : 5 . 1333 native speaker intuitions
 
 may i add my quantum of intuitive ( non-syntactician 's , nay non-linguist 's ) data to this discussion : ) date : sun , 20 nov 1994 12 : 41 : 23 gmt + 1200 ) from : wayne lawrence ( wp . lawrence @ auckland . ac . nz ) ) subject : re : sum : native speaker intuitions ) ) marilyn silva recently summarised responses dealing with "" native ) speaker intuitions "" , especially with respect to the sentence ' john ) asked mary to leave ' . she notes that several respondents pointed out ) that the interpretation of this sentence is determined , at least in ) part , pragmatically , and the view that the interpretation is ) syntactically fixed is wrong . this point is demonstrated by the ) ) pair of examples : ) ) ) ) [ 1 ] the teacher asked the child to leave the room . ) ) [ 2 ] the child asked the teacher to leave the room . ) ) i am a native speaker of english ( new zealand english ) , and i am not ) a syntactician , so i do n't think my syntax is being moulded by my , or ) anyone else 's , rules or theories , but , in both [ 1 ] and [ 2 ] , i can ) only interpret the person being asked ( the child in [ 1 ] , the teacher ) in [ 2 ] ) as being the person required to leave the room . there is ( in my intuition ) an undoubted pragmatic element . in both cases , the teacher is supposed to be in authority and the child not . therefore [ 1 ] causes no hesitation and immediately evokes a normal situation : the teacher made a request to the child that the child leave the room . case [ 2 ] immediately evokes a picture that the child made a request to the teacher that the teacher leave the room . given the presupposed authority relationship , intuition says "" hold on ! kids do n't do that ! "" - except in special circumstances . so look for a special context ( ? classrom game ? ) or try a possible re-interpretation . for the latter , remember the form "" the child asked to leave the room "" ( teacher implicit ) and admit that [ 2 ] is a possible way of saying it ( teacher explicit ) . however , i have to agree with wayne lawrence that the immediate intrepretation is as his : the person being asked is expected to leave . this interpretation is a function of syntax . only when you have "" had a look "" at the syntactically generated interpretation do pragmatic constraints force you to re-consider . it is , i report for myself , a distinctly two-stage process , and the second is only triggered if there are problems with the result of the first . in the case , however , of "" john asked mary to leave "" there is nothing given corresponding to the authority relationship which would make it unlikely that john expects mary to leave , and in that case , i am afraid , syntax has it . ted . ( ted . harding @ nessie . mcc . ac . uk )
",0
724,"Subject: sum : software
 
 dear colleagues , i am really grateful for your assistance and your information , which is presented bellow : a ) for dos / windows 1 . speech viewer ( with no more information either about the manufacturer , the price and any comments about its function ) . 2 . cecil ( computerised extraction of components of intonation and language ) price : around $ 300 8 bit sampling @ 8 , 13 , or 19 . 5 khz , to dos pc memory , via parallel port . software extraction and display ( ega or vga ) of various features , e . g . , waveform raw f0 smoothed f0 etc . has built-in ipa font for transcription / labelling of analysed signals . address : "" jaars ( international computer services , box 248 jaars road , waxhaw , nc 28173 , ( usa ? ) ( 704 ) 843-6151 , fax : ( 704 ) 843-6200 ) "" ( kimberly soto ) . ( it seems that cecil is hardware of the following package ) 3 . sil speech analysis system a package that "" does a very good job of tracking and displaying f0 . it will also display the waveform and / or amplitude contour simultaneously and can do some rudimentary spectral analysis as well . the total cost for the hardware interface and software is about $ 300 . the hardware component consists of a small box that connects to the parallel port of the computer and has input jacks for a microphone or tape recorder . the version runs under ms-dos , although i ' m told a windows version is either available now or will be soon . the address to order from is : international computer services attn : customer services box 248 waxhaw , nc 28173-0248 usa phone : 704-843 - 6257 they also list an e-mail address : icsust @ 1 . jaars . sil . org . i have not found this address to work in the past "" . ( rod casali ) 4 . csre ( canadian speech research environment ) . the program is developed by don jamieson and others in western ontario . it needs a 386 pc or more . the program cost $ 400 ( in 1993 ) and the manufacturers recommended an ariel board as hardware ( which cost around 2 - 3 thousand dollars in 1993 ) . "" address : avaaz innovation inc . po box 8040 wonderland rd . north london ontario n6g 2b0 canada tel ( 519 ) 472-7944 fax : ( 519 ) 472-7819 "" ( franke ingolf ) 5 . dsp ( digital signal processing ) the manufacturer is : ariel corporation phone : ( 908 ) 249-2900 433 river road fax : ( 908 ) 249-2123 highland park , nj 08904 dsp bbs : ( 908 ) 249-2124 ( 300-9600 bps ) ( i believe in usa ) in addition , they offer the speechstation , a complete speech-synthesis package . 6 . speechstation ( sencimetrics ) ( with no more information either about the manufacturer - which could be the ariel corporation - , the price and any comments about its function ) . 7 . cspeech "" for a dos environment , cspeech does a great job of displaying a waveform , a fundamental frequency contour , and an amplitude contour , ( as well as other analyses , including a spectrogram ) on one screen . for further information about cspeech , contact : paul milenkovic dept . of electrical & computer engineering university of wisconsin - madison madison , wi 53706 u . s . a . milenkovic @ engr . wisc . edu "" ( charles read ) 8 . kay elemetrics ' computer speech lab ( csl ) "" very few of the commercial pitch tracers are good with noisy recordings . kay claim to have a new super-robust system which works with their cls work station . "" ( linda shockey ) "" this set-up must cost around $ 3500 - $ 5000 without the dos machine itself . "" ( alex francis ) "" the best pc system for general purpose speech analysis , including spectrograms linear prediction analysis and all kinds of other things , is the csl system from kay . it is a lot more expensive , but is really quite sophisticated and very impressive . strangely , though , the f0 tracks are not very dependable - there is sometimes doubling and halving , and quite often you need to fiddle with the parameters to get anything at all usable . "" ( david deterding ) "" address : kay elemetics corp . 12 maple avenue po box 2025 pine brook , nj 07058-2025 usa tel : ( 201 ) 227-2000 fax : ( 201 ) 227-7760 "" ( franke ingolf ) 9 . loughborough sound images speech work station this program runs on a pc at ( or 286 / 386 based compatible ) , with 640k ram , ega / vga graphics , microsoft mouse ( or compatible ) , hard disk ( 40 mb recommended ) , ram disk ( required for stereo recording or fast sample rates ) , dos version 3 . 0 or greater . the lsi speech workstation can display the signal in a variety of ways , including black and white or full-colour spectrograms , waveforms , spectral slices ( cross-section through a spectrogram which is displayed horizontally across the screen ) . . . all of them are reasonably fast , especially on a 386 pc . a wide range of bandwidths is available for the spectrogram and the spectral slice , and the waveform can be scaled . . several of these can be displayed at the same time by splitting the screen . the screen can also be split to accommodate parts of two separate recordings . the analog card supplied with the speech workstation has two input channels each of which can be connected to either a microphone or line output . two markers are available , which allow you to pecutting and pasting , copying etc . it is possible to play only marked sections of the signal on the screen . the maximum length of analysed speech was 3 - 5 minutes . the manufacturers are : loughborough sound images limited the technology centre epinal way loughborough england le11 0qe telephone : ( 0509 ) 231 843 telex : 34 1409 lufbra g fax : ( 0509 ) 262 433 10 . sfs "" i ' ll include the whole readme file : speech filing system computer tools for speech research department of phonetics and linguistics university college london introduction sfs provides a computing environment for conducting research into the nature of speech . it comprises software tools , file and data formats , subroutine libraries , graphics , standards and special programming languages . it performs standard operations such as acquisition , replay , waveform editing and labelling , spectrographic and formant analysis and fundamental frequency estimation . it runs under unix and dos environments and is currently running on sun , hewlett - packard , masscomp and 486pc . sfs is copyrighted university college london , but is currently supplied free of charge to research establishments for non-profit use . sfs is supplied as is with no warranty or support . features operating environments : unix , protected - mode dos ( with gnu compiler ) supported data acquisition / replay : masscomp : ad12f , da08 sun : sparc - 2 8 - bit , sparc-10 16 - bit ibm-pc : data translation 2811 , pclx , ucl parallel printer dac ( sfs supports networked replay from unix to pc ) supported graphics devices : masscomp : 6 - plane colour graphics sun : sparc - 2 monochrome console , suntools sun , hp : x - windows pc : vga and svga ( sfs supports networked graphics from unix to pc ) epson 24 - bit dot matrix kyocera laser printer postscript laser printer wordperfect graphics file output utilities : create sfs file , list sfs file , display / print sfs file , copy / link / remove items in sfs file , dump contents of sfs file . analysis programs : acquisition and replay , waveform processing , laryngographic processing , fundamental frequency estimation ( from sp or from lx ) , formant frequency estimation , formant synthesis , spectrographic analysis , lpc analysis / synthesis , filterbank analysis / synthesis , psola prosody manipulation . file formats : import from text , binary and ils files ; save multiple data items in sfs files and compare ; standard formats for speech , lx , tx , fx , annotations , synthesizer data , spectra , spectrograms , lpc coefficients , parameter tracks , etc ; export to binary , text , ils , htk , etc ; processing history maintained in file . subroutine libraries : supports sfs file i / o and dynamic memory allocation for data sets ; matrix operations ; device-independent graphics . special purpose languages : sml speech measurement language - interpreted language for measuring data in sfs files ; spc speech pascal - compiled language for waveform manipulation and analysis ; c-span - compiled language for synthetic speech stimuli generation . source sfs is available by anonymous ftp from : pitch . phon . ucl . ac . uk in the directory / pub / sfs ( from august 1993 ) . the readme file gives current version information . remember that we are unable to service requests for support on this software . bug fixes only may be sent to sfs @ phonetics . ucl . ac . uk ; requests for help may be ignored . acknowledgements sfs has been developed from software written during the spar alvey project involving gec , imperial college london , university college london and leeds university . the software that is distributed contains only the ucl contribution to that project . additional , compatible software may be available from these partners or from other current users of sfs , for example at york university . please contact mark huckvale for further information about ownership and other available software . mark huckvale university college london gower street london wc1e 6bt sfs @ phonetics . ucl . ac . uk "" ( hannes pirker ) 11 . spectro 3000 "" 2 channel signal analyser ( separate devise ) this analyser has the best pitch technique ( sift and cepstrum ) i have ever seen - but is very expensive ( about 50 . 000 dm ) . address : medav digitale signalverarbeitungs gmbh graefenberger strasse 34 d-91080 uttenreuth germany "" ( franke ingolf ) b ) for mac 1 . voice navigator . the only thing that i learned about this software ( ? ) is the name - only - of the manufacturer , i . e . articulate systems . 2 . macspeech lab the manufacturer is : gw instruments , 35 medford st . , somerville , ma 02143 ( canada ? ) ( 617 ) 625-4096 ( 617 ) 625-1322 ( fax ) 3 . macrecorder ( no information about it ) 4 . dsp ( the same as for dos / windows ) 5 . signalyse ( version 3 . 0 ) "" signalyze ( tm ) 3 . 0 is an integrated speech signal analysis application for the macintosh . it does signal editing and direct signal i / o to / from a number of devices . version 3 . 0 has a user-friendly multi-level labeling feature : each label is coded for a linguistic level ( e . g . , segment , syllable , etc . ) . level names are determined by the user and are color-coded . also new in version 3 . 0 : speech slow-down and speed-up ( up to five times ) , color / grayscale spectrograms right with signal , av - macintosh support , easy vertical zoom , and more . signalyze has a large number of spectral analysis tools : spectrograms ( b / w , 16 and 256 colors / grays ) , cepstrograms , cone kernels , lpc - grams , fft spectra and cepstra , and lpc spectra . also included are statistics , db measurement , interpolated signal resampling , transformations , envelopes , zero passages , and filtering . the manual is 224 pages , the on-board contextual help is in english , french and german , and the whole interface is switchable to english , french and german . the program is about 980 k at the present . it runs on any mac from the macplus on up ( 4 mb and hard disk required ) . prices effective january 31 , 1994 : individual license : $ 350 . departmental license : $ 750 . organizational license : $ 1250 extra manuals : $ 25 per manual . shipping costs : 1 . u . s . , canada and europe : $ 10 priority / air mail 2 . rest of the world : $ 20 priority / air mail 3 . 3 - day shipping anywhere in the world : $ 50 "" also , "" here are some details on the new labeling facility in signalyze ( version 3 . 0 , macintosh - specific software ) . this may be of use to people working in prosody . levels the signalyze labeling operation works by levels . for each label , you specify a level , such as "" segment "" , "" syllable "" , "" phrase "" etc . each level has its own label color and its own , user-definable name . labels are marked for their level by a number placed in front of the label name ( e . g . , "" 4 : its "" , means that the label "" its "" is marked for the fourth level ) . what gets labeled you can label either points in the signal or selected portions of the signal . the labels for selected portions are placed at the center of the selection and are marked by angular brackets ( "" ) . . . ( "" ) . re-editing , adding and deleting labels labels can be re-edited , new labels can be added anywhere in the signal , and labels can be deleted individually or for an entire signal . reproduce labeled segment while the label is open for editing , you can play the selected portion of the signal by doing command - y . if you ' re labeling a selection , and if you ' ve set the audio to play signal selections , you ' ll hear the segment which you ' re about to label . align labels you can choose any of nine different vertical positions for placing labels . when you close a label with a click in the close rectangle or with return , the label automatically "" snaps "" to the nearest standard position . save labels the label information is saved as a tab - delimited text file with the extension "" . lbl "" . it is stored in the same folder as the signal file . label format the label format is in the public domain and is fully documented . it is available on the signalyze servers ( see below ) . transparent saving and opening open file operations on signal files that have accompanying "" . lbl "" text files cause the label information to be read into signalyze . save file operations on signals with labeling information automatically saves the labels in the same folder as the signal . save file operations for signals without labeling information erases whatever label file may have existed in the folder . label in phonetics you can use any phonetic or normal font in the labels . however for phonetics , it is recommended stick to sigpalfont ( the shareware font supplied with signalyze ) . sigpalfont preserves the numbers and angular brackets you need to indicate labeling levels , which is usually not possible with other phonetic fonts . search by label or by level you can search for labels using either a given labeling level or the label 's name . you can specify two separate search patterns . switch between the two patterns with the shift-lock key . more info and demo information on signalyze version 3 . 0 is available as follows : by ftp : ftp macfl4082 . unil . ch or ftp 130 . 223 . 104 . 31 login anonymous by gopher server : name of machine : gopher . unil . ch , find "" europe "" and "" switzerland "" , select "" university of lausanne "" , select "" autres gophers de l3unil "" , select "" faculte des lettres "" , select "" laboratoire d3analyse informatique de la parole ( laip ) "" , select "" speech analysis and speech synthesis "" , select "" signalyze "" prof . eric keller ( new email address : eric . keller @ imm . unil . ch ) laboratoire d ' analyse / / ^ | | | | = = \ \ informatique de la parole ( laip ) / / / \ | | | | | | lettres , universite de lausanne / / / / \ \ | | | | = = / / ch-1015 lausanne , switzerland / / / / = = = \ \ | | | | fax + 41 21 6924639 / + 41 21 692 4510 / / = = = = / / \ \ | | | | "" . 6 . ucla - uppsala analysis package ( to run on macrecorder files ) "" write to : software manager , phonetics lab , linguistics dept , ucla , los angeles , ca 90024-1543 for our order form . it 's $ 5 for just this disk . "" ( peter ladefoged ) 7 . gw instruments soundscope ( formerly macspeechlab ii ) ( mac ) "" more able to be tailored to individual uses than csl , but also a little clumsier and slower than csl . i think it runs about $ 3000 . "" ( alex francis ) c ) for unix 1 . xwaves + it costs around $ 5000 and the manufacturer is : "" entropic research laboratory , inc . 600 pennsylvania ave . , se washington dc 20003 usa "" ( franke ingolf ) 2 . dsp ( it has the same specifications with the sfs that has been presented above , about dos / windows ) . 3 . sfs ( it has the same specifications with the sfs that has been presented above , about dos / windows ) . 4 . digital ears no more information , only the name of the manufacturer , i . e . metaresearch 5 . ogi speech "" this is free ! ! ! i have never used it professionally , but while working at los alamos nat ' l . labs i did get a chance to play with it . it comes with a good manual , and works with a number of different sound-file types , and can be configured for a number of different platforms ( sun & sgi ) . . . . it needs some additional hardware . "" ( alex francis ) . 6 . entropic sps software that runs through the xwaves + package . i do not know its prise ; also , i did not understand if it is a latest software improvement of xwaves + . "" address : entropic research laboratory , inc . 600 pennsylvania ave . , se washington dc 20003 usa "" ( franke ingolf ) additional information : read , buder & kent . ( 1992 ) ' speech analysis systems : an evaluation ' , journal of speech and hearing research , 35 , 314-332 . p . c . bagshaw , s . m . hiller & m . a . jack , ( 1993 ) , ' enhanced pitch tracking and the processing of f0 contours for computer aided intonation teaching ' , proc . 3rd european conference on speech communication and technology , pp 1003 - 6 finally , "" natural language software registry the natural language software registry is a catalogue of software implementing core natural language processing techniques , whether available on a commercial or non commercial basis . the current version includes + speech signal processors , such as the computerised speech lab ( kay electronics ) + morphological analysers , such as pc-kimmo ( summer institute for linguistics ) + parsers , such as alveytools ( university of edinburgh ) + knowledge representation systems , such as rhet ( university of rochester ) + multicomponent systems , such as elu ( issco ) , penman ( isi ) , pundit ( unisys ) , sneps ( suny buffalo ) , + applications programs ( misc . ) this document is available on-line via anonymous ftp to ftp . dfki . uni-sb . de ( directory : registry ) , by email to registry @ dfki . uni-sb . de , and by physical mail to the address below . if you have developed a piece of software for natural language processing that other researchers might find useful , you can include it by returning the description form below . if you are interested in the preliminary draft of the registry , do not hesitate to drop us an email message and we will be happy to send it to you . "" ( jane edwards )
",0
725,"Subject: sum : computer transcription
 
 a couple of months ago , i asked the members of this list for help regarding software for the transcription of spoken discourse . i received a large number of answers , some to my personal e-mail address , some ' public ' . in the following i shall quote some of the answers and attempt to sum up what i consider to be the most important info received on the matter : perhaps slightly off the subject a few answers spoke of the possibilities for machine-readable text : quote : ' a company named norris communication ( san diego , ca ) sells a digital recorder that breaks down audio input into machine readable code ( including ascii i assume ) ' ' norris is reputed to be only one of two companies in the usa ( maybe the world ) manufacturing digital audio recorders using so-called "" flash chips "" ( semiconductor memory chips that permit both read and write functions ) . the digitized flash memory can be "" dumped "" to a pc in machine readable code ( which i assume would include ascii compatibility - - that 's my assumption ) . i do n't have an address , but i got their telephone number from directory assistance . the company is located in a suburb of san diego , california called poway , california . the listed telephone number is 619-679 - 1504 . if that does n't work for some reason , directory assistance can be reached at 619-555 - 1212 . ' a number of answers centered around using standard word processors ' macro facilities : quote : ' i used to do this quite satisfactorily on the pc using ms word with glossary items to quickly input speaker identification , special character sequences , etc . use a style sheet for controlling formatting . i imagine that word perfect for the pc can do the same thing , especially with its macros . ' ' i ' ve made a set of macro 's which operate on a standardized form to facilitate the transcribing process . essentially what i did is simply reduce all routinely occurring series of keystrokes to one alt - or control - key . ' most transcription software seems to be available for the mac : quote : ' for the macintosh i would definitely use nisus with a macro that has been assigned a short and easy to type keyboard shortcut . from little things like this to far more complex tasks , nisus is amazing . it is truly the power user 's and linguist 's word processor of choice . from what i have seen , it is also the most worldscript - savvy word processor available . if you have n't seen it , check out the new nisuswriter 4 . 0 which should be shipping very soon if not already . ' more info may be available from this internet address : nisus . mktg @ applelink . apple . com syncwriter : quote : ' the mac - programme you mention is syncwriter , i guess . it costs some hundred german marks ' syncwriter is sold by : med - i-bit , hohenfelderstrasse 20 , 22087 hamburg , germany ( phone + 49 40 251 67 125 ) . workbench : quote : ' you are welcome to include the workbench in your summary . however , as you know the bench is not really a transcription program , though it has some features for making transcribing easier - - e . g . the transcription keypad ( with user definable strings and ca symbols ) and the ability to link and play in a loop quicktime movie audio tapes . also , do mention that distribution is limited at this time . the bench is now available on the world wide web . ' for further info , try contacting : thebench @ alishaw . ucsb . edu for dos - based computers : hiat-dos 2 . 2 : quote : ' hiat-dos was developed as a transcription programme everybody can afford ; that is why it lacks certain technical gimmicks . the price of the new version is somewhat between 40 and 80 german marks ( as far as i know ) ; it is distributed by ' : prof . konrad ehlich institut fuer deutsch als fremdsprache lmu muenchen ludwigstrasse 27 d-80359 muenchen fax : germany-089 / 21802116 . quote : ' hiat-dos is a kind of word processing program designed for processing transcripts ; thus you ' ve got a certain format in which you fill the transcript , you ' ve got certain special correction devices etc . it 's a simple tool which is more comfortable for transcription purposes than word processing programs , that 's all . ' recommended reading : ehlich , konrad ( 1992 ) hiat - a transcription system for discourse data . in : edwards , jane a . / lampert , martin d . ( eds . ) talking data . hillsdale n . j . : erlbaum . a couple of other programs ( mac and dos ) were mentioned , but they seem to be unfinished so far . why is it that noone has developed a user-friendly windows - based transcription program ? the above mentioned transcription programs all use the text / music score principle , i . e . , the conversation is printed in ' running ' systems . if you , as i do myself , use standard line transcription , there seems to be very little help out there to save you from adjusting a lot whenever you make any changes or corrections to your transript . one possibility may be a system of macros - perhaps this calls for further discussion in this forum ? ? ? thank you to everyone for your cooperation , karsten gramkow karsten gramkow centre for languages and intercultural studies aalborg university havrevangen 1 dk - 9000 aalborg denmark ph . : + 45 98 15 42 11 , ext . 6229 fax : + 45 98 16 65 66 e-mail : gramkow @ hum . auc . dk
",0
726,"Subject: cmc / 95
 
 cmc / 95 international conference on cooperative multimodal communication , theory and applications * * * * * * * * * sponsored by the universities of brabant joint research organization ( sobu ) eindhoven , the netherlands , 24-26 may 1995 * * * * * * * * * first announcement and call for papers * * * * * * * * * the eindhoven university of technology , in collaboration with the institute for perception research in eindhoven and the institute for language technology and artificial intelligence in tilburg , will host an international conference on the theory and applications of cooperative multimodal communication to take place in eindhoven , the netherlands , 24-26 may 1995 . the aim of the conference is to bring together scientists involved in research concerning the design , implementation , and application of forms of cooperative human-computer communication where natural language ( typed or spoken ) is used in combination with other modalities , such as visual feedback and direct manipulation . topics of interest * * * * * * * * * the conference will focus on formal , computational , and user aspects of building cooperative multimodal dialogue systems . papers are sought in areas which include , but are not limited to , the following topics : * cooperativity in multimodal dialogue * natural language semantics in a multimodal context * formal and computational models of dialogue context * incremental knowledge representation and dialogue * interacting with visual domain representations * collaborative problem solving * constraint-based approaches to animation and visual modelling * effective use of different interactive modalities * modelling temporal aspects of multimodal communication * type theory and natural language interpretation * knowledge sharing technologies all submitted papers will be refereed by an international programme committee . submission requirements * * * * * * * * * authors are asked to submit an extended abstract of their paper of minimally 4 and maximally 7 pages , including references and keywords , by december 15 , 1994 . only electronical submission will be possible . submitted extended abstracts should be emailed to denk @ kub . nl ; they should preferably be in standard latex format . if , for whatever reason , electronic submission is not possible , please contact the organization committee secretariat ( phone + 31-13 . 66 . 23 . 80 , fax + 13 - 13 . 66 . 29 . 48 ) . important dates * * * * * * * * * submission of extended abstracts 15 december , 1994 notification of acceptance 1 february , 1995 final papers due 15 march , 1995 organization * * * * * * * * * * programme committee : harry bunt ( itk , tilburg ) ( chair ) norman badler ( upenn , philadelphia ) jeroen groenendijk ( uva , amsterdam ) walther von hahn ( hamburg ) dieter huber ( mainz ) hans kamp ( stuttgart ) john lee ( edcaad , edinburgh ) joseph mariani ( limsi , paris ) mark maybury ( mitre , bedford ) paul mckevitt ( university of sheffield ) rob nederpelt ( tue , eindhoven ) kees van overveld ( tue , eindhoven ) ray perrault ( stanford ) donia scott ( brighton ) wolfgang wahlster ( saarbruecken ) bonnie webber ( upenn , philadelphia ) kent wittenburg ( bellcore ) organization committee : robbert - jan beun ( chair ) tijn borghuis harry bunt rob nederpelt marianne wagemans further information * * * * * * * * * * cmc / 95 is scheduled to take place on wednesday , thursday , and friday in 1995 , week 21 . these dates have been chosen in view of the fact that two other , somewhat related conferences will take place elsewhere in europe between monday , may 29 and saturday , june 3 ; one in montpellier , france ( on virtual reality and human-computer interaction ) , and one in hanstholm , denmark ( on spoken dialogue systems ) . it will thus be possible to combine participation in cmc / 95 with that of ( one of ) the other conferences . the participation fee for cmc / 95 is expected to be around dfl 250 , or $ 150 . registration information will be provided in the forthcoming call for participation . further information : for questions concerning the scientific content : harry bunt itk tilburg university p . o . box 90153 , 5000 le tilburg phone + 31 - 13 . 66 . 30 . 60 , fax + 31-13 . 66 . 25 . 37 email : harry . bunt @ kub . nl for questions concerning the organization : robbert - jan beun ipo p . o . box 513 , 5600 mb eindhoven phone + 31 - 40 . 77 . 38 . 73 , fax + 31 - 40 . 77 . 38 . 76 email : rjbeun @ prl . philips . nl for general questions : sobu tilburg university p . o . box 90153 , 5000 le tilburg phone + 31-13 . 66 . 23 . 80 , fax + 13 - 13 . 66 . 29 . 48 . email : denk @ kub . nl
",0
727,"Subject: re : original karamojong / jie language
 
 leo connolly cross-posted a question about karamojong on linguist and sci . lang . i posted a response on sci . lang , and i ' m cross-posting it here . in article ( 1994nov22 . 145346 . 29219 @ msuvx1 . memphis . edu ) , connolly @ cc . memphis . edu writes : ) a colleague of mine would like to know the latest opinion concerning the ) original language of the "" karamojong hordes "" and / or jie , who have abandoned ) their original language in favor of that of the masai . does anyone know ) whether their tongue is best described as "" nilotic "" or "" sudanic "" ? or does n't ) it matter ? and if greenberg classified this language , which se seems to ave ) done , does anyone know if his classification is still generally accepted ( a ) fair question in view of his more recent amerindian debacle ) ? ) bill welmers , in his "" checklist of language and dialect names "" ( sebeok , t . a . , 1971 , current trends in linguistics , vol . 7 : linguistics in sub - saharan africa , the hague : mouton ) lists karamojong as a member of the chari - nile branch of nilo - saharan . in the same volume , greenberg 's article "" nilo - saharan and meroitic "" gives a little more detail , assigning it to the teso group of eastern nilotic , itself a branch of eastern sudanic , which is a branch of chari - nile . its cognate languages within teso are teso , toposa , and turkana . i do n't work on nilo - saharan , so i ' m not up to date on current classification . however , in african languages as a whole , greenberg 's four major families , niger - congo , nilo - saharan , afro - asiatic , and khoi - san have stood up pretty well for the last 30 years . there has been some discussion of a relationship between niger - congo and nilo - saharan , but no convincing case has yet been published . within niger - congo there has been some realignment ( john bendor - samuel , 1991 , the niger - congo languages , university press of america ) , the most significant being the shifting of the benue - congo boundary some 600 or so miles westwards to include what greenberg called eastern kwa . greenberg 's southern cushitic ( afro - asiatic ) is now referred to as omotic and its membership in afro - asiatic seems to be in some doubt . otherwise his african classification works remarkably well . as an africanist who was in graduate school towards the end of the debate on greenberg 's african classification , i see some strong parallels with the amerindian debate . the vehemence , even rancor , of his critics back in the fifties and sixties was no less than what we ' ve seen more recently . it is certainly unfortunate that there is apparently so much flawed data in his american work , something i can't judge but apparently much more than was in his african work , but at the same time his method of mass comparison is more archeological in nature than linguistic and has a remarkably high tolerance for error . i consider the jury still out . flames accepted but probably ignored . herbert stahlke , associate director email : 00hfstahlke @ bsu . edu university computing services phone : 317-285 - 1843 ball state university fax : 317-285 - 1797 muncie , in 47306
",0
728,"Subject: graduate research training program
 
 computational aspects of cognitive science nsf graduate research training program cornell university the graduate fields of computer science and cognitive studies at cornell university announce a research training program for phd students who wish to focus their studies on computational aspects of cognitive science in general , and on human computation in particular . funding for five graduate trainees is provided by the national science foundation and awarded through the cornell graduate school . program description : award recipients pursue a phd in computer science and a minor in cognitive studies . in addition to the standard computer science program , each trainee will receive a firm grounding in formal and computational approaches to language and cognition , and will bring that training to bear on interdisciplinary research problems that connect computer science with other disciplines such as linguistics , philosophy , or psychology . examples of focus areas include artificial intelligence , computational linguistics , formal models of human computation , human and automated inference , intelligent information retrieval , learning theory , robotics , user - machine interfaces , and vision . stipend : each award carries a stipend of $ 14 , 100 per year , plus tuition and fees , extendible for up to five years of study ( assuming continuation of the grant by nsf ) . eligibility : award recipients must be admitted to , and continue in good standing in , the computer science phd program at cornell university . only us citizens and permanent residents are eligible for traineeship appointments . minority applicants , women applicants , and applicants with disabilities are especially encouraged . application procedure : formal application to the nsf graduate research trainee program occurs through the cornell graduate school . applicants should apply to the phd program in computer science and indicate with their application that they wish to be considered for a traineeship in computational aspects of cognitive science . application material may be requested from : computer science department graduate office 4126 upson hall cornell university ithaca , ny 14853 phone : ( 607 ) 255-8593 email : phd @ cs . cornell . edu the application deadline for fall 1995 is january 10 , 1995 . additional information : for more information about the traineeship program , please contact : sue wurster cognitive studies program 273a uris hall cornell university ithaca , ny 14853 phone : ( 607 ) 255-6431 email : cogst @ cornell . edu sue wurster email : cogst @ cornell . edu cognitive studies phone : 607 255-6431 273a uris hall fax : 607 255-8433 hours : m 8 : 00-12 : 00 t 12 : 30 - 5 : 00 w 8 : 00-12 : 00 r 12 : 30 - 5 : 00 f 11 : 00 - 4 : 00
",0
729,"Subject: annual conference of the gldv
 
 9 . gldv jahrestagung 1995 30 . - 31 . 3 . 1995 universitaet regensburg aufruf zur teilnahme die gldv wurde vor genau zwanzig jahren unter dem namen ldv-fittings gegruendet . die ziele des vereins waren damals die foerderung der linguistischen datenverarbeitung v . a . durch den austausch von edv - know-how und programmen . mit der etablierung der computerlinguistik als wissenschaftsgebiet wurde die gldv zum fachverband der computerlinguisten . jubilaen sollten auch dazu dienen , sich kritisch damit auseinanderzusetzen , ob die bei der gruendung des vereins gesteckten ziele sinnvoll waren , ob und wie sie erreicht wurden und wie weit eine revision notwendig und wuenschenswert ist . im rahmen einer podiumsdiskussion mit gruendungsmitgliedern sollen dieser kritische rueckblick diskutiert und perspektiven furr die zukuenftige arbeit entwickelt werden . ein zweiter schwerpunkt der tagung soll auf die angewandte computerlinguistik gelegt werden . dabei geht es um die bedeutung , die nlp - systeme im kontext graphischer und multimedialer anwendungen haben koennen . beispiele dafuer sind neuere entwicklungen im information retrieval incl . hypertext , hilfesysteme , anwendungsperspektiven von nlp - systemen , evaluierung u . ae . diese thematik wird in vier sektionen vertieft werden : sektion : fuzzy linguistik ( organisation : ch . womser - hacker ) sektion : gesprochene sprache v . a . anwendungen und oberflaechen ( organisation : e . noeth ) sektion : nlp - anwendungen ( organisation : g . thurmair ) sektion : grammatik und implementation ( organisation : r . hausser ) zeitplan : september 94 call for papers 14 . jan . 95 deadline : einreichen von extended abstracts 7 . feb . 95 benachrichtigung ueber annahme der vortraege 30 . - 31 . maerz 95 tagung in regensburg 8 . april 95 abgabe der druckfertigen fassung der beitraege fuer den tagungsband . der tagungsband erscheint nach der tagung im verlag georg olms . programmkomitee : haller ( saarbruecken ) hausser ( erlangen ) heyer ( leipzig ) hitzenberger ( regensburg ) krause ( regensburg ) lenders ( bonn ) lutz ( koblenz ) puetz ( kiel ) seewald ( hannover ) thurmair ( muenchen ) organisationskomitee : j . krause l . hitzenberger ch . womser - hacker tagungsort : universituet regensburg inst . fuer allg . und indogermanische sprachwissenschaft fg : informationswissenschaft auskuenfte : l . hitzenberger universitaet regensburg phil . fak . iv universitstsstrasse 31 93040 regensburg e-mail : ludwig . hitzenberger @ sprachlit . uni-regensburg . de tel . : 0941 / 943-4195 fax : 0941 / 943-3585 url : http : / / rsls8 . sprachlit . uni-regensburg . de / gldv . html
",0
730,"Subject: workshop on language change and generative syntax , dec 16-17
 
 graduiertenkolleg "" linguistische grundlagen fuer die sprachverarbeitung "" "" linguistic foundations of language processing "" institut fuer linguistik - universitaet stuttgart postfach 10 60 37 , 70049 stuttgart , 0711 / 121 3139 ( 5 . stock , keplerstrasse 17 , 70174 stuttgart ) workshop on * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * language change and generative syntax * * * * university of stuttgart , december 16 - 17 , 1994 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * venue : room 17 . 94 , keplerstrasse 17 , 70174 stuttgart programme : friday , december 16 , 1994 9 . 45 - 10 . 00 opening 10 . 00 - 10 . 45 werner abraham ( groningen ) the decay of the verbal genitive in german 10 . 45 - 11 . 15 coffee break 11 . 15 - 12 . 00 richard schrodt ( vienna ) predicate - status and case in german : does a satisfactory systematic solution for the decay of the verbally governed genitive really exist ? 12 . 00 - 12 . 45 karin pittner ( stuttgart ) attraction , deletion and verbal position : the case of german 12 . 45 - 15 . 00 lunch 15 . 00 - 15 . 45 paola beninca & cecilia poletto ( padua - cnr ) the diachronic development of some modal auxiliaries through the history of italian 15 . 45 - 16 . 30 josep fontana ( ohio state ) some problems in the study of word order in old spanish 16 . 30 - 17 . 00 coffee break 17 . 00 - 17 . 45 patrick andre mather ( mcgill / pittsburgh ) french and german : a case study on contact - induced language change 17 . 45 - 18 . 30 richard waltereit ( berlin ) syntax at the limit - on the diachrony of french holophrases 20 . 00 - . . . dinner saturday , december 17 , 1994 10 . 00 - 10 . 45 ian roberts ( bangor ) speculations on the development of v2 10 . 45 - 11 . 15 coffee break 11 . 15 - 12-00 georg kaiser ( hamburg ) from "" full v2 "" to "" residual v2 "" and free inversion . subject - verb order development in french 12 . 00 - 12 . 45 susan clack ( bangor ) have and be in brythonic celtic and the implications for brythonic and germanic v2 12 . 45 - 15 . 00 lunch 15 . 00 - 15 . 45 fred weerman ( utrecht ) deflexion and the relation between morphological and abstract case 15 . 45 - 16 . 30 silvia luraghi ( rome ) coordination and subordination in hittite 16 . 30 - 17 . 00 coffee break 17 . 00 - 17 . 45 kees van dijk ( amsterdam ) the ipp - effect in middle dutch 17 . 45 - 18 . 30 jack hoeksema ( groningen ) present participle constructions in older modern dutch : verb first and verb raising patterns 20 . 00 - . . . one night in stuttgart . . . for further information , please contact : gisella ferraresi & julia philippi institut fuer linguistik / germanistik universitaet stuttgart postfach 10 60 37 d-70049 stuttgart germany e - mail : julia @ ims . uni-stuttgart . de
",0
731,"Subject: iv congreso argentino de hispanistas
 
 announcement follows . send all queries to hispanistas @ unmdp . edu . ar * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * iv congreso argentino de hispanistas mar del plata , argentina . 18-20 de mayo de 1995 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * organiza la universidad nacional de mar del plata y la asociaci ' on argentina de hispanistas . se invita a presentar trabajos en las ' areas de literatura y linguyistica del espanyol . enviar el resumen del trabajo ( 30 l ' ineas de 65 cpl ) antes del 20 de diciembre de 1994 . se aceptan envios por correo electr ' onico . enviar el trabajo completo ( max . 200 l ' ineas de 65 cpl ) antes del 31 de marzo de 1995 . se ruega enviar copia impresa junto con la version en floppy disk para wp o compatible . aranceles : u $ s30 antes del 20 de diciembre de 1994 enviar cheque o giro postal a nombre de rodolfo rodriguez . solicitar informaci ' on adicional a hispanistas @ unmdp . edu . ar marta villarino facultad de humanidades universidad nacional de mar del plata funes 3350 7600 . mar del plata buenos aires argentina
",0
732,"Subject: final voiceless velar fricative - ) stop
 
 in response to a query about any language where a final voiceless velar fricative changed regularly to a stop , wayles browne supplied the example of some montenegrin dialects of serbo - croatian . references : pavle ivic ' , die serbokroatischen dialekte , i . , mouton & co . , the hague 1958 , p . 145 , 213 radosav bos "" kovic ' , "" o prirodi , razvitku i zamenicima glasa h u govorima crne gore "" , in his book _ odabrani c "" lanci i rasprave _ , titograd 1978 . the same book has a french summary of a work he wrote together with m . mal / ecki , _ przegla , d dialekto ' w starej czarnogo ' ry _ . pavle ivic ' , ed . , _ fonolos "" ki opisi srpskohrvatskih / hrvatskosrpskih , slovenac "" kih i makedonskih govora obuhvac ' enih ops "" teslovenskim lingvistic "" kim atlasom _ = posebna izdanja knjiga lv , odjeljenje drus "" tvenih nauka knjiga 9 , sarajevo : akademija nauka i umjetnosti bosne i hercegovine 1981 . i have also found that some southern polish dialects exhibit an identical sound change , as discussed in : dejna , karol . 1973 . dialekty polskie . wroc ~ aw - - warsaw - - cracow - - gda ~ sk : ossolineum . for additional comments and suggestions i would like to thank : steven johnson lar martin fosse jakob dempsey kevin donnaile
",0
733,"Subject: snow 3 1 / 2
 
 dear linguists , i ' ve been following the discussion about snowy words here and elsewhere for some time now , and i can't but disagree with douglas j . glick ( see vol-5 - 1322 ) in two points . for one , i do n't find the discussion "" relatively uninteresting "" . it is interesting indeed to see what kind of ideas about the issue as such and linguistics in general tonguesters ( or is l . more p . c . ? : - ) put forward . it so happened that i encountered this nice passage in a book i bought a few days ago : whereas english [ . . . ] has only one word for _ snow _ ( or two if we include _ sleet _ ) , eskimo has several . trudgill ( 1974 ) : 27 this is a book written for the general audience , by a native speaker of english , who "" has been a lecturer in the department of linguistic science at the university of reading since 1970 "" ( op . cit . ) , and it is twenty years old . but you sometimes still hear assertions like the above , and i know the same thing from german speakers . still , in german we have at least schnee , schnee ( - mann , - regen , matsch ) , ( schnee ) flocke , neuschnee , harsch , waechte , lawine , loipe , hagel , graupel , and for english , snow , snow ( bank , fort , house , man , - mixed-with - rain , - flake , - storm ) , slush ( snow ) , ( snow ) cornice , avalanche , blizzard , dusting , flurry , frost , hail , hardpack , igloo , pingo , powder , sleet . in these lists , i ' m including some at least seemingly semantically transparent compounds like neuschnee ( ` new + snow ' ) , schneeregen snow + rain ' ) and so on , as well as some words that are only frosty and not very snowy , as well as some that have only to do with snow and nothing else . in a serious collection , the data should be much richer , in order to have a borderline between good and bad examples fall well within the field , allow an assessment of the fuzzyness of this line , and , perhaps , discover some model for the cognitive structure of the words in question . ( the data for the english list is , apart from some editing , taken from tony woodbury 's posting ( see vol-5 - 1239 ) ) . granted not everything white in the listings given is snow , how can we comment on the quotation above ? at least , the writer should have told the reader why so many snowy words of english do not count as snow , or , perhaps , that eskimo in his opinion has no cover term , where english does have one . as it stands , however , it should make everybody very cautious about obtaining data of any language - - - including , obviously , their own - - - by way of secondary sources . likewise , how much do the manymany ` facts ' drawn from ` exotic ' ( i . e . , not very well documented ) languages count , which , for example , phonologists like to decorate their elaborate articles with ? two , i do n't really get the point in excluding words like cornice from a snowy list . now if there are people out there who use the word primarily to denote some sort of snow formation and feel the word is in its * architectural * meaning of rather metaphorical nature , what 's the point in telling them they ' re ` really ' wrong ? in german , waechte , flocke and harsch might very well be derived from some other morphemes . in fact , this only tells us eskimo is not very well documented . i guess a lot of those words the hoax claims as semantically primitive would turn out much more connected to the rest of the vocabulary had we only the relative wealth of historical data we have for the indoeuropean languages . back to german again , flocke to me primarily denotes not ` something flaky ' but rather precisely ` a snowflake ' , and all other usages seem to be derived from that . harsch seems to be connected with harsch ` harsh ' ; but used as a noun , what other denotation but that kind of slighly melted and frozen snow does it have ? loipe is the kind of tracks skiers use in their discipline and , i guess , not a ` very german ' word - - - but disregarding borrowed words is just as silly as looking down on adopted children . anyway , there seems to be a need for that word . it 's snowy , very specialized , and , for my feeling , totally unconnected with any other word in german . of course i might be totally wrong ( and loipe is derived from ( ski ) laufen ` to run ( to ski ) ' ) . now there 's the point . linguists are looking , on the one hand , into history to find out what really happened and try to extrapolate people 's minds to describe what 's really going on . if there 's someone with a lot of waechten and cornices and flakes on his mind , but with no connection to other non-snowy words for him , this is a fact of that ideolect . of course , as soon some linguist comes along and tells him the historical truth , behaviour and concepts of the speaker might change . . . even if in fact it was some sort of folk-etymology he absorbed when listening to the linguist : - ) . folk - etymology is there because it is a way we can imagine things to be . . . so , what layer of this person 's brain is it that synchronic word counting is claiming to acount for , and how historical a derivation is allowed or necessary in historical linguistics ? finally , i would like to point out that apart from some pretty specialized words having to do woth snow , rain is another phenomenon languages may have more or less to say about . in german , for example , you have niesel and nieselregen , denoting a very light rain or spray . there seem to be no other uses or compounds for this word apart from es nieselt , however , and no immediately related , more basic word niesel could be said to be derived from . so , we have wasser , regen , niesel , and more . eskimo does n't appear that much outlandish any more , does it ? quotation taken from : trudgill , peter : _ sociolinguistics : an introduction _ . penguin books . 1974 wolfgang lipp castor @ fub46 . zedat . fu-berlin . de i52023 @ sakura . kudpc . kyoto-u . ac . jp
",0
734,"Subject: 
 
 syntax c . s . rhys , d . adger and a . von klopp ( eds ) , functional categories , argument structure and parametric variation . price 7 . 75 ( pounds sterling ) ; 179pp . centre for cognitive science , university of edinburgh . working papers in cognitive science , vol 9 . available from inhouse publications secretary , centre for cognitive science , 2 buccleuch place , edinburgh , eh8 9lw ( email : diane @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk ) how is argument structure projected into the syntax , and how does it interact specifically with information contributed by functional heads ? the papers in this volume address these questions within a broadly gb - based framework cross-linguistically covering empirical issues such as auxiliaries , nominalisations , case-patternings , coordination , temporal interpretation and binding . the papers tend to converge towards a recognition of the non-ambiguity of lexemes and of the rich structure of their internal specification . ihp postal charges are : uk 1 . 50 , world surface 2 . 50 world airmail 5 . 50 ( all figures pound sterling ) . semantics harvey , mandy , and lynn santelmann ( eds . ) , proceedings from semantics and linguistic theory iv 1994 299pp . paperbound cost : $ 18 . 00 students , $ 20 . 00 non-students ( prepaid ) for further information on the contents of this and other dmll publications and how to order , please contact dmll publications at books @ plab . dmll . cornell . edu . phonology harris , john ( university college london ) ; english sound structure ; 1994 ; 336 pp ; blackwell ; hb 0-631 - 18261 - 6 ; pb 0-631 - 18741 - 3 . inspection copy requests : ( usa ) blkwell @ world . std . com ; ( uk ) inspcopies @ cix . compulink . co . uk . the book is as much about phonological theory as about the phonology of english . it is designed as a text for use on intermediate and advanced courses but will be of value to anyone interested in recent theoretical developments in the field . drawing on material from a wide range of dialects , the book explores the view that phonological differences between grammars are constrained by universal principles and occur within fixed bounds defined by a small number of parameters . phenomena discussed include vowel length , syllabic structure , consonantal weakening , and vowel reduction and syncope . slavic ling kto est ' kto v sovremennoj rusistike ( who 's who in russian linguistics ; in russian ) , ed . by yuri karaulov ( moscow ) and arto mustajoki ( helsinki ) . 1994 . 330 pp . hard - covered . distributor libri academici , fax ( + 358 ) - 0-13114332 . fim 250 ( approx . $ 50 ) + s / h . isbn 952-90 - 5536 - 6 . more information about the book and the possibility of using a credit card : mustajok @ waltari . helsinki . fi . first attempt to collect information on specialists in russian linguistics from all over the world . contains entries on more than 650 linguists specialising in russian , among them such famous scholars as adamec , apresyan , arutyunova , chvany , corbett , zolotova . if you are not included in the first edition of the book and you would like to be mentioned in the second edition , please send your e-mail address or fax to arto mustajoki ( mustajok @ waltari . helsinki . fi ) , who will contact you later . obs ! you can avoid shipping costs by using visa , mastercard or eurocard . give your name and address and card number ( + expiry date of your card ) by e-mail : mustajok @ waltari . helsinki . fi
",0
735,"Subject: re : 5 . 1344 native speaker intuitions
 
 the discussion on native speaker intuitions has been extremely interesting , but i worry that my brief intervention may have muddied the waters . i take it that there are a number of separable issues . the first is the extent to which a native speaker is likely to judge a lexical string as grammatical or ungrammatical per se . the second is concerned with the relationships between syntax and interpretation ( although even here the distinction may not be entirely clear cut ) . most english speakers would probably judge child teacher the the asked leave to room the as both ungrammatical and uninterpretable . however , my couple of sentences ( which were from a source that i no longer recall - apologies ! ) raise slightly different issues . if it is possible to interpret the following : 1 . the child asked the teacher to leave the room 2 . the teacher asked the child to leave the room as having the same consequences ( i . e . that it was the child who left the room ) then it seems to me that the relationship between grammatical representation and interpretation is inherently unstable . just because some native speakers solve the problem in one way should not override the empirical fact that other native speakers solve it in another way . if we take the strings : 3 . i would ' ve done it . and the emphatice assertion : 4 . i really would have / of ( / ov / ) it would seem that , on the evidence of ( some ) british speakers ' phonologies , have = of . i . e . , they treat of as a verb in some circumstances . as prescriptivists , we can tell them that they are wrong , and explain ( by analogy ? ) why they are wrong . as descripivists , though , it seems that we have to take such native-speaker intuitions at their face value . in the latter case , we are left with a conundrum and one that seems to me particularly relevant to the problem of second language teaching : who is a native speaker ? for what it is worth , i have tried to explore these issues more detail in ' language and the linguists ' , _ social semiotics _ ( 1993 ) , 3 , 2 , 161-181 tony bex
",0
736,"Subject: number invariance : summary
 
 several weeks ago i posted a call for help identifying languages in which nouns may show the same form of number with all enumerating numerals . examples from english , which does not in general allow such number invariance , include the noun ' head ' in ' one head of cattle ' , ' two head of cattle ' , etc . and , more systematically , nouns compounded with numerals ( cf . two-car garage , three-body problem , four-week ins - titute , five-page summary , six-foot high ) . a summary of the responses follows . please feel free to add to this list ( or to take issue with my summaries ) . thanks to patrick farrell , tim pulju and all the sources mentioned below . thanks also to the res - pondents who provided the following general discussion of number invar - iance and english compounds : churma , d . ( 1983 ) "" jets fans , raider rooters , and the interaction of morphosyntactic processes "" . cls 19 ( paravolume ) churma , d . ( 1987 ) "" explaining level ordering , and how not to parse a word "" . bls 13 . rijkhoff , j . 1991 . "" nominal aspect "" . journal of semantics 8 - 4 , 291-309 . rijkhoff , j . 1992 . the noun phrase : a typological study of its form and structure . doctoral dissertation , university of amsterdam . [ esp . ch . 3 . 1 . 1 . pp . 74-103 ] rijkhoff , j . forthcoming ? . "" ` number ' disagreement "" . proceedings of the xvth international congress of linguists , 9-14 august 1992 , quebec , canada . 1 ) australian : many australian languages show number invariance . although they generally have a plural morpheme that may be affixed to nouns , this is not used unless required by pragmatic considera - tions . thus , in pitjantjatjara ( western desert ) , ngampu is ' egg ' , and we have ngampu marnkurpa ' three eggs ' . references on pitjantja - tjara : goddard , cliff . 1993 . a learner 's guide to pitjantjatjara / yankunytjatjara . alice springs : institute for aboriginal development trudinger ; ronald m . 1943 . grammar of the pitjantjatjara dialect , central australia . oceania xiii : 3 , 205-223 source : rob pensalfini ( rjpensal @ mit . edu ) 2 ) basque : nouns in indefinite nps behave like possibly all turkic languages in using an invariant form of the noun with all numerals . examples : gizon bat ` one man ' , bi gizon ` two men ' ( bizkaian gizon bi ) , hiru gizon ` three men ' . noun plurality may be marked , however , in nps containing definite determiners . one such determiner is the "" ordinary "" or "" definite "" article - a , which is a suffix . examples : gizon bata ` the one man ' ( rare ) , bi gizonak ` the two men ' , ` both men ' ( bizkaian gizon biak ) , hiru gizonak ` the three men ' , ` all three men ' . references : la - fitte , pierre ( 1944 ) , grammaire basque , pp . 76-78 . saltarelli , mario ( 1988 ) basque , p . 172 . source : larry trask ( larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk ) 3 ) celtic : in welsh ( an perhaps in all celtic languages ) , all cardinal numbers obligatorily take thesingular of the follow - ing noun ( cf . ci 'd og ' , cwn 'd ogs ' : un ci , dau gi , tri chi , pedwar ci , pum ci , chwe chi , saith ci , wyth ci , naw ci , deg ci . . . ( ' one dog , two dogs . . . ten dogs ' ) . there is , however , an alternative partitive construction , especially favoured with higher numbers , and here you get the plural : pump o gwn , chwech o gwn . . . ( lit . ' five of dogs , six of dogs ' ) . any welsh grammar book will give you a reliable description . references : ball , m . ( ed ) ' the celtic languages ' routledge , 1993 . sources : nigel love ( nlove @ beattie . uct . ac . za ) martin j . ball ( mj . ball @ ulst . ac . uk ) 4 ) chaha : in chaha there is no plural morpheme ( cf . at bet ' one house ' , xwet bet ' two houses ' ) , except in some lexically marked plurals on a very small number of nouns ( cf . at arc ' one boy ' , xwet dengya ' two boys ' ) . source : banksira degif petros ( d217704 @ er . uqam . ca ) 5 ) chinese : chinese does just what you wrote : yi tou niu ' one tou cow ' , where tou is a classifier for domestic animals ( and also a noun in its own right meaning head ) . source : paul woods ( woodspr @ osuunx . ucc . okstate . edu ) 6 ) choctaw : choctaw nouns are never marked for number under any cir - cumstances . number marking is diffuse and lexical , meaning there are a variety of non-parallel strategies for indicating the number value of particular nouns . source : marcia haag ( haag @ monk . nhn . uoknor . edu ) 7 ) dutch : dutch words for time intervals like kwartier ' quarter ' , and uur ' hour ' are always singular . maand ' month ' and jaar ' year ' usually remain singular . seconde , minuut , dag 'd ay ' , nacht ' night ' , week , and eeuw ' century ' take plural morphology when there is two or more of them . meter , centimeter , kilometer , hectoliter , kilo - ( gram ) and frank , always remain singular too . sources : bert peeters ( peeters @ postoffice . utas . edu . au ) patricia haegeman ( fte . haegeman . p @ alpha . ufsia . ac . be ) 8 ) english creole of new guinea ( = neomelanesian ? ) : here we have examples like wan pela man ' one man ' ( lit . ' one fellow man ' ) , tu pela man ' two men ' ( lit . two fellow man ) . similar facts may be found in ( some ) of the underlying local langua - ges . sources : brian drayton ( brian _ drayton @ terc . edu ) from personal communication with anthony arlotto , e . wayles browne ( ewb2 @ cornell . edu ) . 9 ) finno - ugric : hungarian has a plural morpheme - k . yet , in spite of plurals like toll ( a ) k ' pencils ' , one says egy toll ' one pencil , ket toll ' two pencil ' , harom toll ' three pencil ' . . . , sok toll ' many pen - cil ' . further examples : kapu ' gate ' has a plural kapuk ' gates ' . yet we have hat kapu 's ix gates ' . finnish works the same way . sources : roman agnes ( aromi @ eratos . erin . utoronto . ca ) edith a moravcsik ( edith @ csd . uwm . edu ) 10 ) georgian : generally , nouns following a cardinal number remain in the singular . measure words are not used . source : john peterson ( gor05 @ rz . uni-kiel . d400 . de ) 11 ) german : gerhard helbig & joachim buscha , deutsche grammatik says on p . 528 that some measure nouns ( mostly feminines ) dis - tinguish between singular and plural in phrases like eine flas - che sekt "" a bottle of sparkling wine "" - zwei flaschen sekt . a list follows : die buchse , die dose , die kiste , der krug , die schussel , der tag , die tasse , die woche . . . other measure nouns ( mostly neuter ) keep the singular : ein stuck zucker - drei stuck zucker , ein kasten bier - drei kasten ( or drei ka "" sten [ the pl ] ) bier . likewise : das blatt , das glas , das kilo , die mark , das meter , das paar , das pfund , der sack . . . ( the . . . is in the original ) . soruce : e . wayles brown ( ewb2 @ cornell . edu ) 12 ) indic : in hindi , a measure of time , distance , mass , etc . is left in the singular with cardinal numbers numbers . otherwise , common nouns appear in the plural after a number . measure words are not used . as with hindi , a measure of time , distance , mass , etc . is left in the singular in nepali . in addition , common nouns here are generally left in the singular and one of two measure words is used : janaa for humans , vataa for animals and things . this un - doubtedly is due to tibeto - burman influence . source : john peterson ( gor05 @ rz . uni-kiel . d400 . de ) 13 ) indonesian ( bahasa indonesia ) : although one may pluralise a noun by reduplication , this is a non-specific form of the plur - al ( cf . kucing ' cat ' , kucing-kucing ' cats ' ) . if one wanted to say five cats , it would simply be : lima ekor kucing ' five classifier cat ' . i am pretty sure that ' lima ekor kucing-kucing ' would get a star , but i ' ll give it a provisional question mark . reference : mac - donald , r . ross . 1976 indonesian reference grammar . washington , dc : georgetown university press . source : rob pensalfini ( rjpensal @ mit . edu ) 14 ) japanese : has no inflectional morphology for nouns , and thus ex - hibits number invariance completely . source : steve seegmiller ( seegmiller @ apollo . montclair . edu ) 15 ) kiribati ( = gilbertese ) : the unmarked form bentira ' pencil ' is used for example in a . ai bentira ' four pencils ' ( lit . ' four . long unit pencil ' ) and a . botaki bentira ' four groups of pencils ' ( lit . ' four . group pencil ' ) . source : martin silverman ( mgs @ unixg . ubc . ca ) 16 ) modern persian : in an afghan variety of persian one can say yak bacha ` one brother ' , do bacha ` two brothers ' , se bacha ` three broth - ers ' , char bacha ` four brothers ' , etc . references : any grammar of modern persian . also carleton hodge has numerous publications descri - bing aspects of persian structure . source : charles scott ( cscott @ macc . wisc . edu ) 17 ) newari : this tibeto - burman functions like nepali ( see indic above ) in this respect . the main difference is that newari almost always has a measure word after a cardinal number . generally , only nouns denoting living beings have a plural form . reference : hans joergensen , a grammar of the classical newari . copenhagen : ejnar munksgaard , 1941 . ( det kgl . danske videnskabernes selskab , hist . - filol . meddelelser , xxvii , 3 . ) source : john peterson ( gor05 @ rz . uni-kiel . d400 . de ) 18 ) niger - congo : for bambara , c . bailleul ( cours pratique de bambara , iii : types de phrases . imprimerie de la savane . bobo - dioulasso , 1977 ) only mentions cn num , while c . bird et al . ( an ka bamanan kalan : beginning bambara . iulc , 1977 ) say an addition - al possibility is cn num pl - def ( p . 43 ) . dogon seems to have just cn num ( cf . kervran , m . & a . prost les parler dogons i . donno so . documents linguistiques 16 , universite de dakar , 1969 ) . source : chris culy ( cculy @ vaxa . weeg . uiowa . edu ) 19 ) semitic : semitic often makes "" no statement as to number "" . nouns have regular plurals , but in counting you use the plural form only up to 10 and then revert to the singular . in hebrew this is most normal with time words , which happen also to be a small group of words that has a dual , as well . so for "" yom "" ( day ) you count "" yom exad "" , yomayim ( the dual ) , and from 3 to 10 it 's "" shlosha yamim . . . asara yamim . "" then you usually switch back to "" axad-asar yom "" ( 11 ) , etc . standard arabic counting is far messier with cases interfering , too , though all modern spoken arabics are more like hebrew . ( they do n't have a syntax that would allow complression into "" a three-day conference "" type of phrase . ) source : bob fradkin ( raf100f @ oduvm . cc . odu . edu ) 20 ) siouan : siouan languages mark number in the verb , not the noun . noun , so there being no plural morphology for nouns , they are natur - ally invariant with numerals ( numerals are a sort of verb , actually some of the languages can mark number in nps by choosing among var - ious forms of the definite article , which marks positional / configur - ational gender . collections of things have a different configura - tion from single items , so a different article . source : john e . koontz ( koontz @ alpha . bldr . nist . gov ) 21 ) turkish : turkish and perhaps all turkic languages have a plur - al inflection - ler / - lar which is usually omitted if a numeral marks the np as plural ( unless definiteness is expressed ) . examples : adam ` man ' , adamlar ` men ' , ` the men ' , bir adam ` one man ' , iki adam ` two men ' , iki adamlar ` the two men ' , ` both men ' . references : lewis , tur - kish grammar , clarendon press , pp . 25-26 , or underhill , turkish gram - mar , mit press . sources : edith a moravcsik ( edith @ csd . uwm . edu ) steve seegmiller ( seegmiller @ apollo . montclair . edu ) larry trask ( larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk ) e . wayles browne ( ewb2 @ cornell . edu )
",0
737,"Subject: the comparative method and syntactic reconstruction
 
 the ongoing discussion in the list about the comparative method has raised questions about its applicability to syntactic reconstruction . i have the impression that with increasing frequency , one comes across statements such as the following in the literature : "" most of the attested languages in language family x have some syntactic property . therefore we can assume that proto - x had this property . "" or "" of all the languages in family y , only language ( a ) has some particular syntactic property . therefore we can assume that this property of ( a ) is an innovation not present in proto - y . "" in other words , there is the tacit assumption that the comparative method can be applied to syntax . but can it ? could anything resembling latin syntax be reconstructed through comparison of the syntax of the modern romance languages ? most of the modern germanic languages are svo . should we therefore reconstruct proto - germanic ( almost surely incorrectly ) as svo ? standard introductions to historical linguistics ( e . g . anttila , jeffers & lehiste , etc . ) argue that the comparative method is inapplicable to syntactic reconstruction due to the fact that there is no analog in syntax to regular sound change . oversimplifying a bit , words are composed of phonemes ; the comparative method assumes that phonemic change in one word in a particular environment will be mirrored by like changes in other words in similar environments . but what are the syntactic analogues of words and phonemes ? and furthermore , syntactic change can be fairly catyclysmic , restructuring grammars wholesale in one generation - - unlikely or impossible with phonological systems . i would be interested in hearing the opinions of others on the question of syntactic reconstruction on the basis of comparing similarities and differences ; also , i wonder if there has been discussion in the literature that has led to a change in opinion from what i took to be the standard position that the comparative method is inapplicable . fritz newmeyer fjn @ u . washington . edu
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738,"Subject: job posting
 
 columbia university 517 philosophy hall french and romance philology new york , ny 10027 assistant professor , recent ph . d . in french , with strong qualifications in applied linguistics and foreign language pedagogy , will coordinate language instruction and organize supervision of teaching assistants . must have native-like command of french and be qualified to teach advanced composition and conversation . this search is contingent upon funding availability . columbia university is an aa / eo employer . deadline : 12 / 07 / 94 . send letter , vita , writing sample , and placement dossier to prof . antoine compagnon , chair .
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739,"Subject: job opportunity
 
 i am sending this information on behalf of dr . jong - hwan lee , visiting scholar at michigan state university . full - time lecturer of english as a foreign language in korea kunsan national university kunsan national university ( south-west of korea ) is now opening a full time lecturer position for the term starting march 1 , 1995 . payment ( starting salary ) : approximately $ 2 , 000 a month when it is converted into us dollars , with housing and a round-trip ticket provided teaching : english conversation , about 10 hours a week time : 1 year , but , to be able to extend the period in accordance with the agreement between the two hiring requirement : eligibility : ma degree with one year teaching career or ph . d degree ( s / he will be treated cordially who graduated from dept . of english , linguistics or american thought & language ) document : cv with a photo a copy of a certificate of degree ( ba and ma ) a copy of a certificate of academic records contact : dr . jong - hwan lee , a visiting scholar at michigan state university 1204 # c university village east lansing mi 48823 ph . ( 517 ) 355-5970
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740,"Subject: job position
 
 university of stuttgart institute of computational linguistics positions in transfer , semantics , logic and theorem proving the institute of computational linguistics at the university of stuttgart has a number of research positions in the sonderforschungsbereich "" linguistic foundations for computational linguistics "" and the verbmobil project . the positions involve research into : computational semantics ; transfer ; inference modules ( theorem provers ) needed for the resolution of lexical and other ambiguities . work will involve both theory and implementation . candidates should have experience in one or more of the following areas : natural language semantics , computational linguistics , machine translation , formal logic , theorem proving . contracts will be initially for roughly two years ( depending on the date of commencement ) , with possibilities of renewal . payment is on the bat iia / ib scale ( upwards of ca . dm 65 . 000 , - - a year ) applications ( cv and a brief statement of scientific experience and interest ) should be sent preferably by e-mail to josef @ ims . uni-stuttgart . de by december 5 , 1994 professor dr . hans kamp institut fuer maschinelle sprachverarbeitung universitaet stuttgart azenbergstrasse 12 70174 stuttgart germany phone : + 49 ( 711 ) 121-1362 or 1365 fax : + 49 ( 711 ) 121-1366 e-mail : josef @ ims . uni-stuttgart . de
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741,"Subject: call for papers : language and prehistory in south asia
 
 ( the previous call omitted the abstract deadline : dec . 31 , 1995 . ) the center for south asian studies , school of hawai ` ian , asian and pacific studies , university of hawai ` i , announces its eleventh annual spring symposium entitled language and prehistory in south asia , to be held march 20 & 21 , 1995 ( monday and tuesday ) from 9 : 00 am to 4 : 00 pm on the university of hawai ` i at manoa campus . papers are invited up to thirty minutes in length , focusing on any aspect of the structure , use , and history of any of the modern or classical languages of south asia ( including afghanistan , bangladesh , bhutan , india , maldives , pakistan , sikkim , sri lanka , and tibet ) as well as relationships and contacts among the languages of this area and between these languages and the languages of mainland and insular south east asia , east asia , central asia , western asia , africa or the pacific islands ( e . g . fiji ) . the proceedings will be published in summer or fall 1995 . abstracts ( one copy , one page , not anonymous ) should be received by dec . 31 , 1994 , by karina bingham , symposium coordinator , center for south asian studies , moore hall 416 , university of hawai ` i / manoa , honolulu , hi 96822 . acceptances will be announced by jan . 14 , 1995 . for more information , contact dr . lawrence a . reid , dept . of linguistics , ( 808 ) 956-3223 or reid @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu .
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742,"Subject: call for papers - acl-95 corpus workshop
 
 acl 's sigdat presents the third workshop on very large corpora preliminary call for papers when : june 30 , 1995 - immediately following acl-95 ( june 27-29 ) where : mit , cambridge , massachusetts , usa workshop description : as in past years , the workshop will offer a general forum for new research in corpus-based and statistical natural language processing . areas of interest include ( but are not limited to ) : sense disambiguation , part-of - speech tagging , robust parsing , term and name identification , alignment of parallel text , machine translation , lexicography , spelling correction , morphological analysis and anaphora resolution . this year , the workshop will be organized around the theme of : supervised training vs . self - organizing methods is annotation worth the effort ? historically , annotated corpora have made a significant contribution . the tagged brown corpus , for example , led to important improvements in part-of - speech tagging . but annotated corpora are expensive . very little annotated data is currently available , especially for languages other than english . self - organizing methods offer the hope that annotated corpora might not be necessary . do these methods really work ? do we have to choose between annotated corpora and unannotated corpora ? can we use both ? the workshop will encourage contributions of innovative research along this spectrum . in particular , it will seek work in languages other than english and in applications where appropriately tagged training corpora do not exist . it will also explore what new kinds of corpus annotations ( such as discourse structure , co-reference and sense tagging ) would be useful to the community , and will encourage papers on their development and use in experimental projects . the theme will provide an organizing structure to the workshop , and offer a focus for debate . however , we expect and will welcome a diverse set of submissions in all areas of statistical and corpus-based nlp . program chairs : ken church - at&t bell laboratories david yarowsky - university of pennsylvania sponsor : sigdat ( acl 's special interest group for linguistic data and corpus-based approaches to nlp ) format for submission : authors should submit a full-length paper ( 3500-8000 words ) , either electronically or in hard-copy . electronic submissions must either be plain ascii text or a single latex file following the acl-95 stylesheet ( no separate figures or . bib files ) . hard copy submissions should include four ( 4 ) copies of the paper . authors should consult the primary call for papers in late january for updated specifications . schedule : submission deadline : march 10 , 1995 notification date : april 10 , 1995 camera ready copy due : may 10 , 1995 contact : ken church david yarowsky room 2b-421 dept . of computer and info . science at&t bell laboratories university of pennsylvania 600 mountain ave . 200 s . 33rd st . murray hill , nj 07974 usa philadelphia , pa 19104-6389 usa e-mail : kwc @ research . att . com email : yarowsky @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu
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743,"Subject: celtic linguistics
 
 * * * * * * celtic linguistics conference * * * * * preliminary posting and call for papers a conference on the formal linguistics of the celtic languages will be held in university college dublin on june 22-23 1995 . abstracts are invited for 30 - minute talks on all aspects of theoretically-oriented research on the celtic languages . please submit 4 copies of a 1 - page abstract ( 3 anonymous and one camera - ready copy with name , affiliation etc . ) to the address below . abstracts must be received by february 15th , 1995 . expressions of interest and requests for further information should be sent to either of the following addresses [ a more detailed posting will follow in early january ] : chiosain @ ollamh . ucd . ie acquaviv @ ccvax . ucd . ie or to celtic linguistics conference department of linguistics university college dublin belfield , dublin 4 ireland
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744,"Subject: "" sum : have / hold / compulsion / existence
 
 about a month ago , i posted an enquiry asking for help in finding non - ie languages , in which there was a connection between any of the following expressions : ' hold ' and ' possess ' , synchronically or diachronically ' exist ' and ' possess ' ' must / should ' and ' possess ' and i was quite happy about the enthusiastic reponse ( around 20 of you contacted me ) . so , for all who are interested , here is a short summary . i hope i have n't left anyone out and that i have n't confused anything , as i know next to nothing about the languages you all told me about . there was also the small 'd isaster ' with my email - i accidentally deleted some of your answers , so i apologize if you answered but do n't find your name in the list . i would like to take the chance now to thank all those who did answer with information on the following languages : japanese : here , the verb mot - ' hold ' can also be used to a large extent for ' possess ' , but not for ' existence ' or ' compulsion ' also , an anonymous reply pointed out another construction for ' possess ' with aru - ' exist ' , but was not sure about the difference in meaning between ' possess ' with mot - and ' possess ' with aru . basque : * edun ( nowadays - du - ) is used for possession and as an auxiliary . in addition , in the south , the verb eduki ' hold ' has also to some extent been grammaticalized to denote ' possess ' and also ' perfect ' with transitive verbs , while intransitives form the perfect with izan ' be ' . this development seems to be following the lines of the development latin ) romance . hebrew : there is no verb ' possess ' in hebrew : possession is expressed periphrastically ( with the "" dative "" ) . interestingly , here also there is a connection between ' possess ' and ' compulsion ' and ' existence ' , which all apparently use this construction . aramaic : in many aramaic dialects , the earlier construction ' past participle + dative ( ' l ' ) + pronoun ' became the past tense . l is now predominantly used for a goal with verbs of motion , but is also used for possession . arabic : in cairene colloquial arabic , @ anda ' at / near / by ' is used for possession and is then negated like a verb , not like a preposition . tamil iru ' be ( located ) ' + dative is used for possession and for durative / continuous aspect , but not for perfect / perfective . kol ' hold ' , although not used for ' possess ' can be combined with iru and denotes that the action is one of the following : self-benefactive , reflexive , deliberate and / or accidental ( depending on what was expected ) . crow : ' exist ' / ' not-exist ' is not only used for existence but also ' possess ' and perfective aspect . finish : pitaa ' hold ' can also be used to express ' compulsion ' but interestingly , not ' possess ' . dakota : yuha ' hold ' may also be used to some extent for ' have ' , otherwise ' be with ' is used . chinese : yong3yiu3 , where yong3 denotes ' embrace ' , can also be used to express ' possess , own ' . to stress that one has total control , one may use zhung3yiu3 , where zhung3 denotes ' hold in one 's palm ' ( yiu3 is ' possess ' , ' existence ' and can also be used for ' perfect ' with questions and negative statements ) idg * ghebh ' give ' - ) latin habeo ' hold ' and finally , a few tips for further reading : bernd heine : grammaticaliztion : a conceptual framework . w . welmers : african language structures kathleen carey 's doctoral thesis on ' have ' as ' possess ' and ' perfect ' in the romance langauges , dept . of linguistics , ucsd robert hoberman , the syntax and semantics of verb morphology in modern aramaic ( american oriental society ) , 1989 simon hopkins , "" neo - aramaic dialects and the formation of the preterite "" , journal of semantic studies 34 : 413-432 , 1989 j . vendryes , "" sur l ' emploi de l ' auxiliaire ( < avoir ) > pour marquer le passe "" , melanges de linguistique et de philologie offerts a jacq . van ginneken , paris : 1937 . e . benveniste : "" la construction passive du parfait transitif "" , bulletin de la societe de linguistique de paris , 1952 , 48 . , 136 : 52-62 . many thanks to all who responded . due to my accidental deletion , some of you unfortunately only appear as an address . those who responded were : ben @ edr5r . edr . co . jp gkinkley @ uhuni . uhcc . hawaii . edu larry trask : larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk edit @ vms . huji . ac . il robert hoberman : rhoberman @ sbccmail . bitnet kirk belnap : belnapk @ yvax . byu . edu haroldfs @ u . washington . edu karen wallace : wallace @ biology . ucla . edu john e . koontz : koontz @ alpha . bldr . nist . gov siiroinen @ finuh . bitnet wenchao li ishaw @ ndsuvm1 . bitnet bert peeters : bert . peeters @ modlang . utas . edu . au elc9j @ faraday . clas . virginia . edu kemmer @ ruf . rice . edu c . jan - wouter zwart : zwart @ letrug . nl malcolm . ross @ anu . edu . au rcosper @ husky1 . stmarys . ca john peterson , kiel , germany , e-mail : gor05 @ rz . uni-kiel . d400 . de
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745,"Subject: home page
 
 we have a home page : applied linguistics at birkbeck college , university of london : http : / / www / bbk . ac . uk / departments / appliedlinguistics / home . html and access to the applied linguistics ' virtual library ' , which we are maintaining : http : / / www . bbk . ac . uk / departments / appliedlinguistics / virtuallibrary . html categories in the latter to date are : programs in applied linguistics projects in applied linguistics current papers electronic journals data archives we are interested in programs , etc that would like to establish links and also , we would like suggestions as to how to organize the al ' virtual library ' . larry selinker l . selinker @ app-ling . bbk . ac . uk
",0
746,"Subject: genie video update
 
 i have received many inquiries from outside north america about a message i posted a couple of months ago about a video program on genie , entitled the secret of the wild child . the 800 number ( 800-255 - 9424 ) is good only in north america . here is the address , phone number , and the fax number for the distributer : wgbh p . o . box 2284 south burlington , vt 05407 u . s . a . phone : 802 862 8881 ( ask for the ordering department ) fax no . : 804 864 9846 secret of the wild child is produced by pbs ( public broadcasting system ) as part of the nova series .
",0
747,"Subject: gls 1995 info on www
 
 information regarding the georgetown linguistics society 's gls 1995 : developments in discourse conference ( 17-19 feb 1995 ) is now available on the world - wide web from the georgetown university linguistics home page , at the url : http : / / www . georgetown . edu / cball / gu _ lx . html currently we have a list of plenary speakers , accommodation and transportation information , and general information about the conference . the page will be udated regularly to include a full list of presenters , scheduling information and more . if you need information that 's not on there yet , please do n't hesitate to contact gls at : internet : gls @ guvax . georgetown . edu bitnet : gls @ guvax . bitnet voice : 202-687 - 6166 - - jeff deby debyj @ gusun . georgetown . edu georgetown university
",0
748,"Subject: poem ( re : 5 . 1276 eskimo "" snow "" )
 
 as a footnote to the recent exchanges , linguists may be interested in the following short poem by the dublin poet , aiden mathews , entitled the death of irish : the tide gone out for good , thirty - one words for seaweed whiten on the foreshore ( reproduced on p . 1428 of the filed day anthology of irish writing and currently on display on the dublin metro as part of a poetry-for - the - people campaign ) . i have not enquired what the thirty-one words might be . but then are we not dealing here with feelings rather than facts ? seamus o ciosain c / o mairenic @ irlearn . bitnet
",0
749,"Subject: call reports
 
 the national languages and literacy institute of australia ltd . ( nllia ) language and technology centre ( lattice ) computer assisted language learning ( call ) reports are now available on gopher . these have been updated to october 1994 . they can be obtained on the gopher gopher . cltr . uq . oz . au ftparchive the publically accessible archives nllia lattice call - reports all files are in text format and are reports from the nllia database system 's resources database . the languages represented are : amharic ancient greek arabic bengali chinese english french german greek ( modern ) indonesian italian japanese korean latin russian spanish for further information contact : peter white director , lattice centre for language teaching and research the university of queensland , qld 4072 australia tel : + 61 7 365-6893 ; fax : + 61 7 365-7077 email : peterw @ lingua . cltr . uq . oz . au
",0
750,"Subject: sum : eng ns in - ee
 
 more than a dozen linguist readers responded to my request for naturally occurring instances of english nouns in - ee ( as in _ employee _ , _ escapee _ , etc . ) - - thanks ! special thanks go to gregory grefenstette of rank xerox research center in grenoble , who searched half a gigabyte of recent newspaper articles . several people reported uses of _ mentee _ ` person who is mentored ' , and i had reports of _ standee _ ` person required to stand ( as on a bus ) ' from london , new york , louisiana , and british columbia . a paper draft containing a catalog of attested uses of over 400 - ee noun word types is available through anonymous ftp at : ftp : / / ling . rochester . edu / pub / barker / papers / ee files available include the draft itself , a two-page summary abstract , and most of the relevant entries from the second edition of the oed ( including quotations ) . the paper contains quite a lot of data , and requires 48 pages to print . the data suggest that formation in - ee is highly productive , that analyses based on the syntactic argument structure of the stem verb are either incomplete or severely disjunctive , and that formation of - ee nouns obeys three essentially semantic constraints : an - ee noun referent must be sentient , the denotation of an - ee noun must be episodically linked to the denotation of its stem ( i give a formal semantic event-based definition of ` ` episodically linked ' ' ) , and the referent of an - ee noun must lack volitional control over some relevant aspect of the event which qualifies it as being in the extension of the noun in question . taken together , i argue that these semantic constraints amount to a thematic role type . if so , then semantically defined thematic roles can actively guide formation of new words . an unsystematic selection of data contributed by readers of linguist : best wishee ` . . . who has one lovable father , one lovable mother , one sick somebody , one successful somebody , one good-deed - doer , one poor pen pal , one best wishee , and two birthday celebrants for every nine letters you send . ' the washington post , 15 july 1987 , style section , page c5 . extractee ` recalling the earlier claim that rnr yields vp - level extractees . . . ' paul postal , ` parasitic and pseudoparasitic gaps ' , linguistic inquiry 25 , 1994 , page 113 . festschriftee ` this bibliography attempts to cover all books and articles written , co-authored or edited by the festschriftee . . . ' joergen dines johansen and harly sonne , edds . ( 1986 ) pragmatics and linguistics , festschrift for jacob l . ~ mey , odense university press , odense p . 248 . firee ` some executives would rather begin by reciting the employee 's virtues and recalling his contributions to the company . but one executive who tried that says the "" firee "" interrupted him to ask for a raise . ' wall street journal , 20 march 1987 . fuckee ` there is an old joke in which two african - americans want to sit in the front of the bus ( in the old days when this was illegal ) . to accomplish this , they pretend to be lawyers . lest they be discovered , they believe , after they board the bus that they should talk some lawyer talk . they begin to discuss a rape case , and one lawyer claims not to understand the other 's case and asks : "" who duh fucker , an who duh fuckee ? "" ' [ reported separately by dennis preston and geoffrey s . ~ nathan . ] laughee ` another device dekoven uses is the meetings meter , a piece of software that functions like a taxi meter , displaying a continuing tally on how much the meeting is costing . the inspiration for the device came at a meeting with his attorney when dekoven realized he wasted $ 11 telling a long joke to the $ 300 - an-hour laughee . ' san francisco chronicle 6 october 1993 page d7 .
",0
751,"Subject: summary of ' bubbler '
 
 a few months ago i posted an inquiry on the linguist listing on the distribution of the word "" bubbler "" as a synonym for drinking fountain . thanks to all who responded , which are too many to list . the dictionary of american regional english has also extensively investigated this word and it was my goal to gain more specific information than that supplied by dare ( for example , the regional distribution within wisconsin . ) here is a summary of my findings : in wisconsin , bubbler is used throughout the eastern half of the state , particularly along the coast of lake michigan and becomes less prominent the further west one travels . the "" stronghold "" of bubbler appears to be in milwaukee and its suburbs . milwaukee is also thought to be the geographic origin of bubbler , coined by the kohler company in the early 1900 's . my university ( uw - whitewater ) appears to be in conflict over what to call drinking fountains . in one of our residence halls there is a sign asking residents to not use the drinking fountain as a garbage disposal . the word 'd rinking ' is crossed out , and ' water ' is put in its place . then ' water ' and ' fountain ' are crossed out , and ' bubbler ' is put in their place . it goes to show you that people can be very loyal to their colloquialisms ! my research provided no evidence for the term 's use in minnesota or illinois , but i did find the word in use along the western part of michigan 's upper peninsula ( which borders wisconsin 's bubbler-using region . ) if bubbler is used anywhere else in the midwest , its existence escaped my research . in fact , i found no evidence of the word 's use within the u . s . west of the mississippi or south of the ohio river . the other region that uses the term includes the state of rhode island ( where it is used exclusively by many speakers ) , far eastern connecticut , and southeastern massachusetts - including the boston area . i had people from this region respond with amusement because they did n't know the word was used anywhere outside of their area . lastly , and much to my surprise , bubbler is used in southeastern australia - predominately in new south wales ( including sydney and canberra ) and in portions of the provinces bordering new south wales . the information on australia is only based on a few responses , but there were some , especially in sydney , who used bubbler exclusively while growing up . there were some from parts of australia who had never heard the term before , so it does appear that it is also regionally distributed in australia . there were some who distinguished bubblers from drinking fountains . some only called outside fountains , bubblers , while others vice versa . one only called non-refridgerating fountains , bubblers . drinking fountain seems to be the generic term that everyone is familiar with , whether they use it or not . other synonymns are : water fountain , water cooler , fountain , and water bubbler . for what its worth , the only accounts i had of the term ' water bubbler ' were among african americans from milwaukee ( but this only included three people . ) just plain ' fountain ' seemed to be the word of choice in northwestern wisconsin , while drinking fountain and water fountain were used pretty interchangeably everywhere else . as for its use in literature , the only printed documentation of bubbler i could find ( under the given definition ) was a 1985 milwaukee journal article which was about the word 's usage in milwaukee . i realize that some of my findings are inconsistent with dare - i believe this is because my research was not nearly as thorough as dare , and did n't take into account historical usage , only current usage . thanks again to those who responded . your avid bubbler user , sean christensen internet : seanc @ iclnet93 . iclnet . org university of wisconsin - whitewater
",0
752,"Subject: "" rain "" = "" falling water "" : summary
 
 my sincere thanks go to everybody who responded to my query about the typological possibility of "" rain "" = "" falling water "" : to paul woods , john peterson , li wenchao , marion kee , alan cienki , mari siroinen , zhang ning , sam mikes , siamak rezaei , jeffrey goldberg , and steve matthews , who all responded and have been very helpful . apart from the numerous responses containing "" rain falls "" , the case i was looking for "" water falls "" = "" it is raining "" is attested in : 1 ) non-standard cantonese lohk suei "" fall + water "" ( received from paul woods and steve matthews ) ; 2 ) finnish sataa vetta "" "" it rains "" , where sataa has original meaning "" to fall "" and vetta "" is partitive of vesi "" water "" ( recieved from mari siroinen and sam mikes ) ; 3 ) nepali "" paani par-eko cha "" it is raining ' , lit . "" water fall-perf . is "" ( received from john peterson ) . therefore , i believe the altaistic etymology for turkic jagmur "" rain "" analysing it as jag - ' to fall "" + * - mur * "" water "" is supported typologically by the above information . sasha vovin
",0
753,"Subject: re : 5 . 1358 words for snow
 
 just a short remark on german ' loipe ' , which is a loan word from norwegian ' l | ype ' , which comes from old norse ' hleypa ' - to make something run ( cause to run ) . ( cf bokmaalsordboka 1993 ) ruth vatvedt fjeld
",0
754,"Subject: following is a summary of answers to my query about a "" how-to ""
 
 following is a summary of answers to my query about a "" how-to manual for intonational analysis . quite a few people wrote to ask to share any answers ; i hope this will help them . many people recommended the tobi labelling guide - - "" tobi "" stands for "" tone breaks and indices "" . it is an effort to provide a fairly uniform labelling system for naturally occurring speech , and was worked on by some well-known people in the field . ( i do n't know the full list of authors , so i won't cite them . ) some also pointed out ( what they considered ) limitations of the tobi system , but most agreed it was worth looking at . it comes in both an electronic , ftp - able version ( free ) and a paper version with audiocassette ( $ 25 ) . for more information , write to tobi @ ling . ohio-state . edu or tobi labelling guide , c / o mary beckman ohio state university , linguistics dept . 222 oxley hall , 1712 neil ave columbus , oh 43210-1298 , usa . for a slightly different approach , tony woodbury recommended papers in the following : mclemore , cynthia , and mark liberman , eds . 1992 . proceedings of the ircs workshop on prosody in natural speech . ircs report no . 92-37 . it is available from : institute for research in cognitive sciences university of pennsylvania philadelphia , pa 19104 malcolm ross suggested looking into the ( quite different , from what little i ' ve seen ) work of david brazil : "" several publications from the u of birmingham english language research unit "" and the following ( easier to get hold of ) book : brazil , coulthard , and johns . discourse intonation and language teaching . london : longman 1980 . finally , ingolf franke suggested looking at the following article : pakosz , m . 1982 . intonation and attitude . lingua 56 , 153-178 . thanks very much to all who responded . burns cooper
",0
755,"Subject: 
 
 language sciences editor : paul hopper , usa "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" contents - volume 16 , no . 2 j . levinger language war-war language . v . stockmal et al can children identify samples of foreign languages as same or different ? j . myhill & zhiqun xing a comparison of the function of voice in biblical hebrew , chinese and english . d . r . preston content - oriented discourse analysis and folk linguistics . "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" elsevier science ltd freesample @ elsevier . co . uk "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" ""
",0
756,"Subject: 
 
 english for specific purposes - an international journal editors : t . dudley - evans , uk ; liz hamp - lyons , usa ; john swales , usa ; ann n . johns , usa "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" contents - volume 13 ( 1994 ) s . thomas reporting verbs in medical journal articles . m . s . martinez spanish - english cognates in the subtechnical vocabulary found in engineering magazine texts . l . bilton stylistic variations in science lectures : teaching vocabulary . i . okoye teaching technical communication in large classes . d . belcher the apprenticeship approach to advanced academic literacy : graduate students and their mentors . a . a . amer the effect of knowledge-map and underlining training on the reading comprehension of scientific texts . p . webber the function of questions in different medical journal genres . m . h . tahirian the methodology factor in teaching esp . "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" elsevier science ltd freesample @ elsevier . co . uk "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" ""
",0
757,"Subject: 
 
 journal of neurolinguistics - an international journal for the study of language and the brain . edited by john marshall , uk "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" contents - volume 8 no . 2 e . kehayia & g . jarema morphological priming of inflected verbs froms : a comparative study . n . o'connor et al neuropsychology and linguistic talent . m . gopnik impairments of tense in a familial language disorder . c . code speech automatism production in aphasia . a . basso & m . corno semantic errors in transcoding tasks in a shallow orthography : a retrospective study on 502 italian vascular patients . "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" published by elsevier science ltd - uk freesample @ elsevier . co . uk "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" ""
",0
758,"Subject: nsf division director for sber - - announcement
 
 i encourage qualified readers of linguist to give serious consideration to the following announcement soliciting applications for the position of division director for social , behavioral and economic research at the national science foundation , and to pass the announcement on to others who may be interested . this is a genuinely open search . applications and nominations should be addressed as indicated in the announcement , and not sent to linguist or to me . paul chapin , nsf * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * december 1 , 1994 dear colleague : i am seeking your assistance in identifying potential candidates for the position of division director for social , behavioral and economic research . dr . allan kornberg , who has been division director since september 1993 under an intergovernmental personnel act ( ipa ) assignment , will be returning to duke university at the end of his two-year assignment . the successor appointment may be in the senior executive service ( ses ) or as an intergovernmental personnel act ( ipa ) assignment . a position announcement is enclosed . this announcement may also be accessed electronically under vacancy announcements on nsf 's science and technology information system ( stis ) . the division director for social , behavioral and economic research ( sber ) manages one of the largest research divisions in the foundation . the division has a staff of 50 employees and a budget of over $ 80 million . the sber division is responsible for supporting disciplinary and interdisciplinary research and other activities through programs organized into five clusters : anthropological and geographic sciences ; cognitive , psychological , and language sciences ; economic , decision , and management sciences ; social and political sciences ; and science , technology , and society . i look forward to any help you may be able to offer in this search for candidates with outstanding scientific and administrative qualifications . i am especially interested in identifying women , members of minority groups and disabled individuals for consideration . please send nominations , including self-nominations , with curriculum vitae , to my acting executive officer , ms . margaret l . windus , no later than february 1 , 1995 . thank you for your assistance . sincerely yours , cora b . marrett assistant director = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = national science foundation arlington , va 22230 announcement number ep 95 - 3 director , division of social , behavioral and economic research directorate for social , behavioral and economic sciences nsf 's directorate for social , behavioral and economic sciences is seeking qualified candidates for the position of director , division of social , behavioral and economic research . nsf is inviting nominations ( including self-nominations ) of persons who are interested in either a two-to - three year senior executive service ( ses ) appointment or an intergovernmental personnel act ( ipa ) assignment . internal and external applicants are encouraged to apply . a statement of duties of the position and a list of qualification requirements are included on the reverse side of this announcement . the announcement may also be accessed electronically under vacancy announcements on nsf 's science and technology information system ( stis ) . o ses limited term appointment the ses covers managerial positions above grade 15 in the federal service . ses limited term appointees are federal employees and may serve for a period of up to three years . they are eligible for federal benefits ( i . e . , health benefits , life insurance coverage , social security , retirement , thrift savings plan , annual and sick leave ) . o ipa assignment initial assignments under the ipa may be made for a period of up to two years . individuals eligible for an ipa assignment with a federal agency include employees of state and local government agencies or institutions of higher education , indian tribal governments , and other eligible organizations in instances where such assignments would be of mutual benefit to the organizations involved . the individual remains an employee of the home institution and cost sharing arrangements are generally negotiated between nsf and the home institution . please submit nominations ( including self-nominations ) , along with a curriculum vitae to : ms . margaret l . windus acting executive officer , directorate for social , behavioral and economic sciences national science foundation 4201 wilson boulevard , suite 905 arlington , va 22230 phone : 703-306 - 1741 fax : 703-306 - 0495 internet : mwindus @ nsf . gov the closing date for receipt of applications is february 1 , 1995 . statement of duties : manages the nsf division responsible for funding research in the areas of social , behavioral and economic sciences . assesses research needs and trends , presents plans for future development , determines funding requirements , prepares and justifies budget estimates , balances program needs , allocates resources , oversees the evaluation of proposals and recommendations for awards and declinations , supervises staff , and represents nsf to relevant external groups . qualification requirements executive / managerial essential 1 . demonstrated ability to achieve organizational objectives through the supervision and management of subordinates . includes knowledge and ability relating to the recruitment , selection , supervision and development of professional and support staff involved in diverse endeavors . 2 . knowledge of and ability to plan multidisciplinary research programs in the social , behavioral and / or economic sciences ; to present and advocate program plans or recommendations to peer groups or higher level decision-making groups ; and to allocate resources within broad budgetary limitations . 3 . ability to coordinate effectively with representatives of scientific and engineering communities , both nationally and internationally , including industrial and / or academic researchers and the administrators of research and educational institutions . 4 . demonstrated ability , at the decision-making level , to prepare long-range and annual plans , conduct periodic reviews to determine progress and , if necessary , initiate remedial action . desirable 1 . skill in changing and balancing complex and diverse program demands with available resources , in response to major advances or needs in scientific research and technological developments . 2 . demonstrated ability to exercise sound professional judgment in recommending the initiation of research in the social , behavioral and economic sciences . 3 . skill in the management or administration of a large-scale research activity including implementation of resource allocation plans . professional / technical essential 1 . ph . d . or equivalent professional experience or a combination of education and equivalent experience in anthropology , economics , geography , linguistics , political science , psychology , sociology , or other social or behavioral science . 2 . substantial research contributions and strong evidence of scholarship in a social , behavioral , or economic science field , as evidenced in publications , or innovative leadership in research administration . 3 . demonstrated knowledge of relevant academic community and recognized professional standing in the scientific community as evidenced by publications and / or professional awards . desirable 1 . demonstrated broad knowledge of diverse fields of the social , behavioral and economic sciences . 2 . knowledge of grant and contract administration , fiscal management , and budget preparation with experience in scientific research support . nsf is an equal opportunity employer committed to employing a highly qualified staff that reflects the diversity of our nation .
",0
759,"Subject: int ' l directory of scholars
 
 dear linguists , i am writing to inform you about the international directory of south asia scholars , and to invite those of you working on south asian your colleagues in linguistics or in other disciplines can find you . i am attaching below a file which describes this free online global database of scholars , as well as a form for you to submit your own entries ( hopefully by email ) . please do not hesitate to contact me if you have questions or comments about the directory or about the south asia gopher through which it is published online . thank you . david magier columbia university _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the international directory of south asia scholars the international directory of south asia scholars is a free , publicly available online database of south asianists from around the world . this service is being provided by columbia university through the south asia gopher , and is compiled and maintained by dr . david magier . the database contains records of individuals who have identified themselves as being involved in south asian studies . each record , submitted by the person listed , contains the name , title , affiliation , contact information ( generally mail address , phones , fax , and full email address ) , and a short statement of the person 's activities , teaching and / or research interests , specializations , etc . in the area of south asian studies . the entries are free-form text , and one may include any information in any format that seems useful and informative . the database is indexed so that anyone can do a search to locate the record for a particular individual , or one can do a keyword search to find , for example , a list of all the south asianists located in a given country or city , or all the scholars who are working on a given language or subject or region , etc . for example , a keyword search using the terms "" prakrit "" or "" punjabi "" will retrieve a listing of all the scholars whose entries contain these words . it is very easy to have your entry included in this database , so that your colleagues from around the world will know who you are and what you are working on and interested in . experience shows that this type of tool is very helpful in developing new human networks and cooperative research and teaching ventures , getting answers to particular factual queries , and fostering the ' cross-fertilization ' of ideas . we would like to invite you to submit an entry so that our database will be as comprehensive and useful as possible . to submit an entry for yourself ( or for someone else ) , please fill out the form below and return it by email to magier @ columbia . edu or by post to dr . david magier south asia librarian 304 international affairs columbia university 420 west 118th street new york , n . y . 10027 212-854 - 8046 / fax : 212-854 - 2495 your description of your work and research or teaching interests should contain as much information as possible to allow people to identify you and your work , and to ' find ' you through typical keyword searches ( languages , countries or regions , fields and sub-disciplines , ethnic or political groups , etc . ) . please feel free to contact dr . magier if you have questions about the directory or need advice on the best way to construct your entry . _ _ _ _ entry form _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cut here _ _ _ _ name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ title _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ institutional affiliation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mailing address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phones _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ full email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ description of your work ( include your research / teaching interests , and all relevant keywords such as languages , countries , regions , disciplines and sub-disciplines , ethnic , religious or political goupings , historical periods , etc . keep in mind that others will use ' keyword searches ' to find your listing if they do n't know you by name ) . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ return this info by email to magier @ columbia . edu or by post to david magier , south asia librarian 304 international affairs columbia university 420 west 118th street new york , n . y . 10027 usa 212-854 - 8046 fax 212-854 - 2495
",0
760,"Subject: point of contact in thailand
 
 dear netters , i 'd like to know the point of contact at chulalongkorn university in thailand . i learned that they have done some research in thai natural language proccessing , particually in word boundary segmentation . any information on this ( such as e-mail address , fax number or surface mail address ) will be appreciated . please reply to me directly at yenk @ asq8 . bah . com ketty yen booz . allen & hamilton inc . linthicum , md usa
",0
761,"Subject: text for structure of modern english
 
 a colleague not on the list is looking for textbooks to use in an undergraduate course in structure of modern english . many but not all students are in a program designed to prepare them for teaching english at the secondary school level . there are no prerequisites in linguistics , though intro to linguistics courses are offered in other departments . please send responses directly to harriet luria johnson hljhc @ cunyvm . cuny . edu or hljhc @ cunyvm . bitnet . thanks michael newman , the ohio state university
",0
762,"Subject: of as a verb
 
 could the reinterpretation of have as of be by analogy with sort of ? e . g . i sort of said that . i could of said that . etc . . .
",0
763,"Subject: comparative method in syntax
 
 fritz newmeyer asks if it is legitimate to apply the comparative method in syntax . my answer is yes , but it is more difficult . the main reason why one sees more work on historical-comparative syntax than fifty years ago is that syntax has become much more prestigious in recent decades . i do n't think that there was a shift from a once "" standard "" view that syntactic reconstruction is impossible . bernhard delbrueck 's historical-comparative syntax of indo - european , published a hundred years ago , clearly showed that comparative syntax is both possible and fruitful , but perhaps too difficult to attract many followers . the view that historical-comparative syntax is impossible was defended in some detail in lightfoot 's ( 1979 ) principles of diachronic syntax , but few researchers seem to have been discouraged by lightfoot 's attitude . it is true that latin syntax could hardly be reconstructed from modern romance languages , but neither could latin morphology , and even the view of latin phonology that we would get from romance is very distorted . our reconstruction of protolanguage grammar is always imperfect , but that is no reason not to attempt reconstruction . the main error on lightfoot 's side is that there is no syntactic analog to the regularity of sound change . it 's just a bit more complicated in syntax - - just like syntax is more complicated overall than phonology . basically , the analog to phonemes and words are words and sentences . true , the difference between words and sentences is that in general sentences are not stored in the lexicon . but neither are many complex words ( rendering morphological reconstruction similarly difficult , but nobody seems ever to have objected to morphological reconstruction ) , and some sentences are actually stored , e . g . proverbs and idioms , which often show syntactic archaisms . and since earlier syntax often survives in "" fossilized "" form in later morphology , we have another rich source of data for diachronic syntax . in addition to regularity of change , we need general principles of change for plausible reconstruction , e . g . phonological principles that predict likely changes like assimilation , lenition , segment loss , etc . in syntax , similar principles of change exist as well : spatial nouns become spatial adpositions , certain general verbs become tense and aspect markers , allative case markers become dative case markers , purposive verb forms become infinitives , etc . all these processes ( instances of grammaticalization ) are irreversible changes and provide safe guides for linguists seeking to make sense of daughter language diversity by reconstructing a proto-syntax . the massive regularities of grammaticalization are generally ignored in generative studies of syntactic change ( indeed , lightfoot argues that there are no genuine principles of diachronic syntax ) , but if one takes them into account , they help in the difficult task of reconstruction . martin haspelmath ( free university of berlin )
",0
764,"Subject: re : 5 . 1370 can the comparative method be applied to syntax ?
 
 theoretically , there is no reason why the comparative method could not be applied to syntactic properties . however , there are two practical , very great , impediments : 1 . syntax dealing with word order , what is word order ? and further which word order in which environments ? e . g . : ich verstehe sie . ploetzlich verstehe ich sie . ( subordinating conjunction ) ich sie verstehe . un grand homme . un homme grand . ma chemise propre . ma propre chemise . 2 . how do we measure the difference ? how far is svo from sov ? from vso ? not only we do not know how to describe syntactic properties satisfactorily , but we do not know how to measure their differences , or , it boils down to the same , their similarities . now , you can validly argue that a binary scale ( same , different , and no shades of grey in between ) is good enough . remains that you do not reach valid comparisons on the basis of a single feature , but of many . if languages x and y have n identical features out of n , we are tempted to say that their syntactic similarity is n / n . but that is true if and only if each feature has the same weighting . on top of that , we do not even know what constitutes * one * feature . for instance , we may consider svo as consisting of two to three features : 1 . relative order of subject and verb 2 . relative order of verb and object 3 . relative order of subject and object where necessary to disambiguate . and further , how do we specify free sv order for instance ? via a ternary relation ( precede , follow , free ) , thus order = ( free , s , v ) or a binary relation ( precede , follow ) and a union , thus order = ( precede , s , v ) + ( follow , s , v ) ? too many questions unanswered , i fear even unaddressed . too many questions issuing from them . we cannot , i think , found a proper methodology on such shaky grounds . we 'd better be content with arguing futilely until we are blue in the keyboard . or else set about tackling those questions , a daunting task . j . guy @ trl . oz . au
",0
765,"Subject: re : 5 . 1370 can the comparative method be applied to syntax ?
 
 i would add to fritz newmeyer 's caveats about limitations to syntactic reconstruction these fairly obvious two : 1 . for many syntactic dimensions , the choices are so few that chance resemblances are so probable as to obscure the evidence of common ancestry . 2 . there is consideration non-arbitrariness in syntactic systems , so that , again , resemblance arises from other than common ancestry . larry gorbet lgorbet @ mail . unm . edu anthropology & linguistics depts . ( 505 ) 883-7378 university of new mexico albuquerque , nm , u . s . a .
",0
766,"Subject: 
 
 speech communication - a publication of the european association for signal processing ( eurasip ) and of the european speech communication association ( esca ) - editor - in - chief : christel sorin , france "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" contents : volume 14 no . 4 ( september 1994 ) r . s waldstein & a . boothroyd speechreading enhancement using a sinusoidal substitute for voice fundamental frequency . s . nakajima automatic synthesis unit generation for english speech synthesis based on multi-layered context oriented clustering . z . s . bond & t . j . moore a note on the acoustic-phonetic characteristics of inadvertently clear speech . y . qian et al pseudo - multi-tap pitch filters in a low bit-rate celp speech coder . e . blaauw the contribution of prosodic boundary markers to the perceptual difference between read and spontaneous speech . "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" published by elsevier science - north holland freesample @ elsevier . co . uk
",0
767,"Subject: q : welsh on the internet
 
 i direct this query to those more in the know : there is a producer in bbc wales ( the base for the orchestra i work for ) who is looking to produce a programme discussing the internet and the like with reference to the welsh language / culture . i have been able to find plenty of references to scots and irish traditions , but only one reference to welsh in patagonia . please respond to : jeremy garside - bbc national orchestra of wales garsij @ wales . bbc . co . uk
",0
768,"Subject: who studies e-mail linguistically
 
 i am doing a stylistic study of e-mail messages , but i have failed so far to find any relevant publications . i would appreciate any references to such publications as well as information on the existence and access to any corpora of e-mail messages ( commercial or scientific ) . i know that two canadians - belmore and callot - have done something on e-mail , but i do not know how to get their publications from moscow . please respond to me directly and will post a summary . many thanks in advance . alla eskina department of stylistics moscow linguistic university alla @ eskina . msk . ru tel . 7 095 310 1296
",0
769,"Subject: arabic studies
 
 dear linguists . one of my fellow students would like to study modern arabic language and culture etc . in an arabic speaking country for half a year maybe one year . but she could n't get any help from her danish university . can anyone help us with names and adresses of universities that take foreign students . thanks in advance . please answer directly to me . sebastian + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + : - ) ( - | ; - } + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + linsad @ stud . hum . aau . dk sebastian adorjan dyhr + + department of linguistics ydunsvej 12 + + aarhus university 8230 aabyhoej + + bygning 327 86 15 02 48 + + nordre ringgade + + 8000 aarhus c + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + : - ) ( - | ; - } + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
",0
770,"Subject: comparative method
 
 alexis manaster ramer asks about the claim that relatedness and / or subgrouping should be established only based on systematic morphological relationships of the sort likely to be observed in paradigms or declensions . i ' m familiar with this claim only in a much weaker form , that morphological comparisons are more reliable than phonological ones as a basis for establishing linguistic relationships and subgroups . on this basis , for example , robert hetzron in 1976 * proposed a rigorous internal subgrouping for the semitic languages based on affixes in the verb paradigms . hetzron 's proposal that hebrew , arabic , and aramaic constitute a central semitic group is , i believe , correct ; and it is supported by much more evidence than hetzron adduces , much of it morphological and morpho-syntactic ( e . g . , innovation of novel negative markers , etc . ) . i may be reading too much into these claims of morphological priority in establishing subgrouping , but i have always interpreted them as a reaction to the difficulty of distinguishing convergent from shared phonological development on a principled basis . that is , because it can be difficult to determine whether a particular recurrent sound change in a language group represents shared innovation rather than convergent development , it might be pragmatically safer to rely on morphological innovation . thus , in the case of the semitic languages , such changes as * p to / f / or * g to / jh / ( as in junk ) would , if treated as shared innovation , lead to subgroups that are inconsistent with those deduced by other means . on the other hand , "" unusual "" changes like the change of proto - semitic glottalic consonants to pharyngealized consonants are much more likely to represent shared innovation , given the typological rarity of pharyngealized consonants . with regard to fritz newmeyer 's questions about comparative syntactic reconstruction , i do n't know of any systematic published counters to jeffers ' ( and others ' ) claims that it is * in principle * impossible . however , i think that a good case can be made that this is an overly pessimistic assessment . the problem , of course , is the appropriate context : we compare phonemes in words and / or morphemes and morphemes in paradigms , but it 's not clear what the context might be for word orders . presumably discourse context plays a role . i would imagine that if all the languages in a family shared an unusual word order ( vis a vis their dominant types , whatever those might be ) in counterfactuals , we might want to attribute that order to their latest shared ancestor . pragmatically speaking , it 's a lot easier to find information about the morphological context of particular phonemes than it is to find reliable information about the larger context for sentence and construction types . nonetheless , at least inchoately ( and perhaps it is the inchoateness that jeffers objects to ) , * some * notion of syntactic reconstruction is surely behind claims that proto - indo - european was sov or proto - semitic was svo , and the like . * "" two principles of genetic reconstruction "" , lingua 38 : 89-104 . alice faber faber @ haskins . yale . edu
",0
771,"Subject: accuracy of historical reconstruction
 
 in writing in linguist 5 . 1393 on another topic , martinha @ fub46 . zedat . fu-berlin . de ( martin haspelmath ) says : ) it is true that latin syntax could hardly be reconstructed from ) modern romance languages , but neither could latin morphology , and ) even the view of latin phonology that we would get from romance is ) very distorted . our reconstruction of protolanguage grammar is ) always imperfect . . . in looking at historical reconstruction done for s . american languages ( largely phonological ) , i ' ve often wondered about this . just how much could we trust the reconstructions that we did ? one of my rules of thumb for those languages was that if an item was longer than one syllable , it was suspect as being polymorphemic , and if it was longer than two syllables it was almost certainly polymorphemic . the problem is that most attempts at reconstruction ignored this areal phenomenon ( sometimes because the data was simply unavailable ) . from what i know of romance languages , i would say polysyllabic morphemes are more common there . if anything , that should make it easier to reconstruct latin , since you have more to work with . ( of course , the morphology of romance languages is much better known than that of the languages of s . america , which also helps ! ) so if latin would be very imperfectly reconstructed , what hope is there for native american languages ? has anyone ever attempted , as an exercise in the comparative method , reconstruction of latin from the romance languages , then compared the results with the real thing ? or reconstruction of any other attested language from its descendents ?
",0
772,"Subject: re : comparative linguistics
 
 ) from : amr @ ares . cs . wayne . edu ) ) it seems ) to me that a lot of the people [ . . . ] ) also seem to hold another curious position , namely , that you ) cannot show the relatedness of a group of languages by exhibiting ) systematic correspondences of sounds in the vocabularies of said ) languages but only by exhibiting systematically related morphological ) paradigms . [ . . . ] ) ) alexis manaster ramer good lord ! i have been watching this thread with a somewhat jaundiced eye , thinking "" i ' m not going to get into this "" , but this . . . ) from my experience with languages of vanuatu , morphological paradigms are the * least * stable features , followed by phonology , then , most stable , lexical . yes , i remember having been taught that , i mean , about morphology being most reliable , actually , the * only * reliable criterion . i was also taught a lot of other stuff which experience showed me to be false . think of it , why should this reliance on morphology have come about ? 1 . a hangover from the elaboration of the comparative method on indo - european , or , i should rather say , on the discovery of sanskrit . it may so happen that members of that language family have been particularly retentive morphologically . whence generalization to all languages . the fallacy of extrapolating . all irish barmaids are redheads . 2 . it is easy to measure and count lexical similarity . claims based on such measurements are therefore more easily open to scrutiny , and to refutation . ( an aside : there 's been some discussion on whether linguistics is a science , in the meaning of karl popper . well , here 's one domain where it could be ) . on the other hand , how do you measure morphological similarity ? and worse , systematic similarities of morphological paradigms ? this , then , is hardly open to refutation . speaking of the devil , i received a letter yesterday from merritt ruhlen "" i would appreciate it if you could send me a copy of your forthcoming article in anthropos concerning the probability of chance resemblances "" . which i did , commenting , meaning it as a sort of salve - - but perhaps it will be felt as salt : "" in general i take a dim view of comparative linguistics . its various methodologies are mostly ad hoc and without a sound basis , often relying on a complete misunderstanding of the processes at work [ here a few examples ] . and the same claims and methods crop up perennially . "" which is also my thoughts and feelings today . ( * sigh * ) j . guy @ trl . oz . au
",0
773,"Subject: req : info on indian corpora . . .
 
 i would like to get in touch with people who are working on corpora-related research for indian languages . i am specifically interested in helping to build a corpus a corpus of thamizh ( tamil ) or malayalam ( or other indian languages ) , with the idea of building systems for automatic recognition of written / spoken text , and to aid in machine translation . thank you . peace , - - kr . pa
",0
774,"Subject: qs : laryngeal phonetics
 
 dear colleagues : i have a number of questions regarding laryngeal phonetics . 1 . i understand that english voiced stops are phonetically voiceless unaspirated in initial position . ( data are cited in kingston & diehl 1994 : 432-434 . [ kingston , john , and randy l . diehl , 1994 , phonetic knowledge , _ language _ 70 : 3 . 419-454 . ] ) what is the story about pretonic intervocalic allophones after unstressed , short vowels , e . g . fidelity , legality , mobility ? to my ear they sound the same as in delegate , gallon , billion , but to my english - prejudiced ear they also sound voiced . 2 . what is the story about laryngealization or creaky voice ? i have seen this described as "" a very slow vibration through only one end of the vocal cords "" ( crystal , _ dictionary of linguistics _ ( ? inexact citation ) ) . what are the arytenoid cartilages doing at the posterior end of the vocal folds ? how is it related to the closure for glottal stop and for glottalized consonants ? 3 . what is going on with the articulation of "" stage whispered "" speech ? in whisper , the arytenoids are rotated so as to adduct the posterior ends of the vocal folds at their anterior ends , but the posterior ends of the arytenoids are not themselves adducted by the interarytenoid muscles , leaving a restricted , triangular opening at which sibilant-like turbulence is generated in place of voice . introspecting , stage whisper seems to me to be like whisper only with some turbulence as air passes the closure of the main ( anterior ) portion of the vocal folds . there seems to be somewhat higher subglottal air pressure , like a "" shouted "" whisper , but it does not seem to be merely a question of forcing air past the closed vocal folds . there seem to be some additional differences of articulation to produce the turbulence over the vocal folds , as evidenced at least by increased tension in observable laryngeal and ( to some extent ) pharyngeal muscles . it also seems to me that some degree of pharyngealization is an incidental byproduct . 4 . how is this related to pharyngeal spirants , as exemplified by arabic ? 5 . kingston and diehl ( 1994 : 441 ) say that "" in languages such as english "" ( meaning , i take it , languages without contrastive voiced aspirates ) the phonological distinction [ + / - voice ] is signaled in part by aspiration initially , but not ( if i read them right ) intervocalically . more important , it is said , is the ratio of duration of consonants to duration of vowels , or perhaps the duration of v to vc syllable rimes ( ? ) . can someone say more about this ? these questions bear on characteristics of a language i am working on . in the near term for purposes of defining the issues and refining research strategy , specific information will be more helpful to me than pointers to the literature , because my access to research library resources is not easy ( actually , it 's rather difficult ) , but i will need the pointers too and must of course eventually follow them up . all help will be greatly appreciated . please respond to me and not to the list . if there is interest i will post a summary . bruce nevin bn @ lightstream . com
",0
775,"Subject: syllabus for an undergraduate socio-linguistics course
 
 i am putting together a syllabus for an undergraduate socio-linguistics course . i would be grateful to see copies of any syllabi people might be willing to share with me . thank your very much . sincerely , seth a . minkoff mit seth @ mit . edu
",0
776,"Subject: sociolinguistics readers
 
 am i right in thinking that no collections of readings in sociolinguistics have been published in the last 10 years ? dick hudson dept of phonetics and linguistics , university college london , gower street , london wc1e 6bt uclyrah @ ucl . ac . uk
",0
777,"Subject: re : qs : kinship terms
 
 sebastian adorjan dyhr 's question prompts me to put the following question to the list at large : does there exist in any language a word which means purely "" the other parent of one 's child "" in the strictly biological sense ( i . e . no legal , social , etc overtones ) ? formally , b is a 's x if a and b are the two parents of a child . what is x ? ( there is no lack for the parents ' relation to the child : in english even "" sire "" and "" dam "" are usable for humans - just ! ) . nb : ad - hoc contrivances like "" co-parent "" earn no marks ! ted . ( ted . harding @ nessie . mcc . ac . uk )
",0
778,"Subject: sociolinguistics symposium 11
 
 first announcement sociolinguistics symposium 11 centre for language & communication research university of wales , cardiff september 5 - 7 , 1996 the first circular inviting papers will be mailed in early 1995 and will include details about themes and plenary speakers . for further information and to be included in our mailing list , contact sociolinguistics symposium 11 centre for language and communication research university of wales , cardiff p . o . box 94 cardiff cf1 3xb uk telephone : ( + 44 ) 01222 874243 fax : ( + 44 ) 01222 874242 e-mail : ss11 @ cardiff . ac . uk
",0
779,"Subject: conference listing , university of queensland , queensland , australia
 
 the national language and literacy institute of australia ltd language and technology centre ( lattice ) centre for language teaching and research ( cltr ) the university of queensland , queensland , australia december conference schedule : linguistics and related topics this conference schedule , listing over 150 conferences world-wide , is now available at the gopher site outlined below . at the command line , type gopher gopher . cltr . uq . oz . au go to the following directories : ftp archive the publically accessible archives nllia conferences if there are problems , please contact peter white peterw @ lingua . cltr . uq . oz . au
",0
780,"Subject: iccs-95
 
 xabier arrazola dept . of logic univ . of the basque country iccs-95 @ sf . ehu . es fourth international colloquium on cognitive science iccs-95 ilcli . villa asuncion apdo . 220 . 20080 donostia - san sebastian . spain . tf . : 34 - ( 9 ) 43 - 32 09 40 fax : 34 - ( 9 ) 43 - 29 36 77 e - mail : iccs-95 @ sf . ehu . es fourth international colloquium on cognitive science donostia - san sebastian , may 3 - 6 , 1995 second announcement the colloquium is organized by the dept . of logic and philosophy of science and the institute for logic , cognition , language and information ( ilcli ) of the university of the basque country . it will take place in the faculty of philosophy of the university of the basque country at donostia-san sebastian ( address : campus de ibaeta , avenida de tolosa , s . n . ) . main topics : 1 . social action and cooperation . 2 . cognitive approaches in discourse processing : grammatical and semantical aspects . 3 . models of information in communication systems . 4 . cognitive simulation : scope and limits . invited speakers : the following persons have accepted so far to deliver a lecture : j . barwise ( bloomington ) : local logics and the flow of information h . clark ( stanford ) : on carrying out joint activities . b . chaib draa ( quebec ) : communication between computational agents . j . e . fenstad ( oslo ) : formal semantics , geometry and mind . j . y . halpern ( ibm , san jose ) : reasoning about knowledge . r . m . kempson ( london ) : language understanding as labelled natural deduction g . lakoff ( berkeley ) : the metaphor system for events and causes in english . j . m . larrazabal ( san sebastian ) : doing together : structures for social action f . j . pelletier ( edmonton ) : psychologism , intuitionism and nonmonotonic reasoning . m . e . pollack ( pittsburgh ) : how commitment leads to coordination : the effect of individual agent reasoning strategies on multi - agent interaction . z . w . pylyshyn ( rutgers ) : studies in the architecture of mind : a central theme in cognitive science research . f . recanati ( paris ) : domains of discourse . j . s . rosenschein ( jerusalem ) : the role of representation in interaction : discovering focal points among alternative solutions . v . sanchez de zavala ( san sebastan ) : aims and winds in pragmatic theories . c . l . sidner ( cambridge , ma ) : creating collaborative conversational agents for computer interface . s . silvers ( clemson ) : informational semantics and epistemic arrogance ? r . tuomela ( helsinki ) : collective goals and cooperation . there will be several panel discussions and tutorials on specific subjects . papers : contributed papers ( 25-30 minutes ) are invited from all areas of cognitive science . authors wishing to submit a paper should send four ( 4 ) hardcopies of an extended abstract of 5 - 6 pages written in english to dr . j . ezquerro ( address below ) by january 17th , 1995 . a cover page should be added to the abstract including title , all authors names and affiliations , corresponding authors address , fax number and email address . to facilitate blind review by two or more referees all indications of authorship should appear on this detachable cover page only . papers will be evaluated by the program committee on the basis of originality , clarity , correctness and significance of results . authors of accepted papers are expected to present them at the colloquium . notification of acceptance / rejection : march 11 , 1995 . best paper award : a prize will be awarded to the author ( s ) of the best contributed paper as judged by a committee drawn from the program committee . submissions of complete papers ( 25 pages maximum , 4 hardcopies ) of previously accepted abstracts , with indication of salient keywords , should be sent to the organizing committee by april 6 , 1995 . further information may be obtained by writing to : dr . j . ezquerro iccs - 95 , program committee ilcli villa asuncion . apdo . 220 20080 san sebastian , spain . fax : 34 43 293677 e . mail : iccs-95 @ sf . ehu . es dr . k . korta iccs-95 , organizing committee ilcli villa asuncion . apdo . 220 20080 san sebastian , spain . fax : 34 43 293677 e . mail : iccs-95 @ sf . ehu . es program committee : j . barwise ( bloomington ) , j . ezquerro ( secretary ) , j . e . fenstad ( oslo ) , r . m . kempson ( london ) , e . klein ( edinburgh ) , k . korta ( san sebastian ) , a . lopez ( valencia ) , f . migura ( vitoria ) , f . j . pelletier ( edmonton ) , v . sanchez de zavala ( san sebasian ) , c . lsidner ( cambridge , ma ) , r . tuomela ( helsinki ) , j . tynan ( vitoria ) . organizing committee : x . arrazola ( assistant secretary ) , m . aurnague ( toulouse ) , b . bara ( torino ) , s . garrod ( glasgow ) , l . gonzalez ( madrid ) , k . korta ( secretary ) , j . m . larrazabal ( san sebastian ) , c . martinez ( santiago ) s . rementeria ( zamudio ) .
",0
781,"Subject: basic word order
 
 this is a somewhat delayed reaction to frederick newmeyer 's posting on basic word order . i was prepared to let someone else comment on the underlying logic of newmeyer 's message . this did not happen , however , so here comes . newmeyer observes that data from a given language seldom exhibits an unambiguous ' basic word order ' , and there seem to be no generally agreed-upon criteria to resolve this ambiguity . he further notes that this fact reveals a weakness in functionalist linguistics ( or , in more polite terms , ' presents a challenge to it ' ) . he adds , on two occasions , that generative linguistics is increasingly coming to share the same weakness . by ` increasingly ' he must mean the fact that some applications of the principles-and - parameters approach are taking both language-particular and cross-linguistic data into account more seriously than used to be the case . before these developments , generative linguistics decreed that every ( configurational ) language has some sort of basic word order , as specified by the phrase structure ( or x - bar ) component of its grammar . newmeyer seems to suggest that this type of basic word order did not share the weakness that is ' increasingly ' becoming a characteristic of generative linguistics . the difference between earlier generative linguistics and current generative linguistics , and between their respective conceptions of basic word order , resides in the fact that the former did not , whereas the latter does , pay systematic attention to ( cross - ) linguistic data . newmeyer 's formulation then seems to suggest that not paying attention to ( cross - ) linguistic data is a strength of the theory . esa itkonen
",0
782,"Subject: tagged corpora : summary
 
 this is a summary of the responses received to my question about accessible on-line tagged databases ( nov . 17 ) . thank you to david palmer , peter christian , martin corley , and cornell juliano . - - janet rowe 1 . several german corpora feare available through a system called cosmas at the institut fur deutsche sprache in mannheim . if anyone knows the address please let me know . 2 . at least two english corpora are available . the british national corpus will be available soon through natcorp @ vax . ox . ac . uk a very small ( but thoroughly tagged ) corpus called susanne is available from ftp . black . ox . ac . uk 3 . the following reference may be very useful : edwards , jane a . and martin d . lampert ( eds . ) . date ? ? ? talking data : transcription and coding in discourse research . london and hillsdale n . j . : erlbaum . 336 pp . chapter 10 , by jane a . edwards , is entitled "" survey of electronic corpora and related resources for language researchers "" .
",0
783,"Subject: re : 5 . 1404 comparative method in linguistics
 
 ) leo . karamojong is one of a number of languages which are collectively ) called jie . they are nilotic languages . obviously related languages ) are spoken in sudan , e . g . , dinka , nuer , shilluk , in uganda , e . g . , ) achooli , lango and in kenya / tanzania , e . g . , luo . if you saw a ) word list from each of these languages , e . g . , the numbers from one to ) ten , you would have little difficulty reconstructingthe parent language ) yourself . now when it comes to another branch of nilotic which includes ) maasai and kalenjin i think you could also see the genetic relationship . ) all the nilotic languages were recognised as genetically related long ) before greenberg . but then the bigshots of pre - greenberg , esp the ) german super-star carl meinhof went further . they wanted to connect ) these languages with "" hamitic "" ( you know people related to the egyptians ) with all the implications of the jaded racial arguments about whether ) the egyptians were black or not - - or rather not black , or not not ) . one small correction and one comment on benji wald 's interesting letter on pre - greenber classifications of the nilotic languages . karimojong is actually a member of "" the other branch of nilotic which includes maasai and kalenjin "" . this branch , termed nilo - hamitic by some , and paranilotic by tucker and bryan was divided into two groups by oswin koehler in 1955 as part of a tripartite division of the nilotic language - - western ( dinka , nuer , shilluk , achooli , lango , dholuo ) , eastern ( maasai , karimojong , turkana , etc . ) , southern ( kalenjin , datooga ) . greenberg saw the correctness of koehler 's classification and adopted it . it is accepted by all today . it is also worth noting that there were scholars , such as tucker and bryan , who , although they did not accept the connection with "" hamitic "" , did feel that there was sufficient evidence to connect southern and eastern in a group ( the old nilo - hamitic or paranilotic ) . tucker and bryan believed that these languages were nilotic ( or would ultimately be shown to be nilotic , so the question was really whether the tree was : / | \ or / \ / \ the evidence for the paranilotic subgrouping was syntactic ( vso word order ) , morphological type ( particularly the fairly elaborate verbal derivational morphology of the eastern and southern languages vs . the reduced morphology of the western ones ) , and unusual features such as tonal case ( found in the southern languages and all of the eastern ones except bari ) . none of this has proved sufficient to sustain the paranilotic grouping . chet creider creider @ csd . uwo . ca
",0
784,"Subject: re : 5 . 1404 comparative method in linguistics
 
 karl teeter is mistaken , i think , when he says that you cannot classify languages on the basis of phonological correspondences in the lexical items , when he says that you would treat english and french as related ( via the norman borrowings ) if you did this , when he says that the idea of using this method is "" novel "" , when he says that you can only classify lamnguages as related if you have written a comparative grammar , etc . ( a ) for many language families , there is no other basis for classification available , because they lack the kind of morphological complexity so beloved of indo - europeanists , algonkianists , and those other - ists who happen to enjoy its blessings in "" their "" languages , ( b ) the danger of confusing borrowings for cognates is always real , but it is easy to see that the lexical connaections of english with french are more transparent phonologically and less central semantically than those with dutch , hence more recent , hence borrowings . ( c ) there is nothing novel in what i am saying , since it is the method which , for example , edward sapir used to establish that the uto - aztecan languages are really a family ( rather than three families ) . ( d ) you cannot possibly realistically expect normal people to spend time writing comparative grammars of languages which have not previously been shown to be related . so classification must come first ! on the other hand , it is perfectly easy to write a "" crazy "" comparative grammar for any random group of languages , e . g . , french and english . the last is perhaps the most important point : reconstruction of morphological systems can be done well or badly , so can comparison of lexical items . both can yield correct results ; both can also produce garbage . p . s . i say ' lexical items ' deliberately , because there seem to be language families where there is no morphology at all to compare . in most cases , howveer , there are some bound morphemes , and one compares those as well ( as did sapir in the case of uto - aztecan ) . but this is a far cry from reconstructing the kind of intricate morphological patterns found in the older indo - european languages , for example , but absent from many other language families .
",0
785,"Subject: comparative method ( shared sound changes )
 
 alice faber 's very sound posting brings up a very important point : indvidual sound changes , especially those which are known to be common in languages of the world , cannot be the basis of subclassification . what you need is either sets of unrelated changes ( english has diphthongized some of the same long high vowels as high german , so that eis and ice , haus and house sound rather similar , but they do not share other changes ) , or a chronology of the sound changes with respect to other changes ( e . g . , the diphthongization in english was presumably preceded by the loss of / x / or / c , / , but there is no such change in high german ) . on the other hand , we find that the northern uto - aztecan languages share the changes of intervocalic / l / - ) / n / , / n / - > velar nasal , and / c / - > / y / . any one of these would mean little , but all three together ( and the fact that the / l / - ) / n / does not feed the / n / - > / ng / change ) make it reasonably certain that these really are shared innovations , and that northern uto - aztecan is a genuine classificatory unit ( a valid node in the uto - aztecan tree , if you will ) - - something that has until recently been generally doubted .
",0
786,"Subject: relative pronouns for the family pet , cont 'd
 
 in connection with the recent thread - - initiated , if memory serves , by alexis manaster - ramer - - on the cross-linguistic patterns of + / - animate pronouns referring back to higher non-human mammalia , some new data from today 's new york times ( 12 / 6 / 94 , b1 ) may be of interest . a sheepdog intercepted by suspicious customs officials at new york 's jfk airport was x-rayed and found to be carrying five pounds of cocaine surgically implanted in her abdomen before she took off from bogota . a suspect , john erik roa of paterson , n . j . , has admitted that he knew the dog was concealing the cocaine and has been charged with drug trafficking . ( no doubt he plans to ask for immunity in exchange for testifying against the dog . ) what 's anaphorically relevant about the case is the contrast between the relative pronouns ( emphasis added below ) referring back to "" coke "" ( as she has been nicknamed by kennedy vet port director dr . steven weinstein ) and a fellow canine mentioned in the write-up in the times : . . . fortunately for the dog , which is gray and white and about two feet high , none of the condoms had ruptured , which [ dr . weinstein ] said would have been fatal . . . . mr . roa 's brother , andre , reached at the family home in paterson last night , said that his brother had worked in a pizza parlor until about two months ago , when he moved out of the hous . he said the family had a dog of its own , a german shepherd , which he described as a "" family dog who has nothing to do with drugs "" . larry horn ( lhorn @ yalevm . ycc . yale . edu )
",0
787,"Subject: more on "" mazel tov ""
 
 as far as i know , hebrew _ mazal _ ( - ) yiddish _ mazl _ ) comes close to meaning something like ` lot ' or ` fortune ' , and _ tov _ means ` good ' . thus hebrew _ mazal tov _ [ ma ' zal ' tov ] and yiddish _ mazl tov _ [ ' mazltov ] seem to have originally denoted something like "" i wish you good fortune "" or "" this is good fortune "" . as has been mentioned , it is used to express congratulations rather than a wish for the future . as has been mentioned by others , like many other yiddish words , _ mazl _ has found its way into languages that had sustained contacts with yiddish , and they may have been passed on to yet other languages . to the ones mentioned in jeff allen 's summary ( e . g . , dutch _ de mazzel _ , high german _ massel _ [ ' mas @ l ] ~ [ ' maz @ l ] ) i would like to add the high german verb _ vermasseln _ ` to spoil ' , ` to ruin ' ; e . g . , _ sie hat mir meine arbeit vermasselt _ ` she has ruined my work ' , ` she has screwed up my job ' . _ vermasseln _ is so commonly used that many will not think of it as a slang word . traditionally , borrowing from the yiddish language into the high german language is assumed to have occurred by way of underground jargons ( _ gaunersprachen _ , _ rotwelsch _ ) . i am not aware of any challenge to this generalization , but it seems rather sweeping to me . interestingly , yiddish - derived words in the low german language seem to be fewer in number and to be mostly high - german - derived ( due to a lesser degree of contact with yiddish ? ) . reinhard ( ron ) f . hahn university of washington rhahn @ u . washington . edu
",0
788,"Subject: sapir-whorf
 
 i ' m not sure if i ' m beating a dead horse , so to speak , but i do n't feel i can let david prager branner 's comment below slip by . ) in that form in which it is often articulated , sapir - whorf is obvious , ) even trivial - anyone who has tried doing idiomatic translation between ) two radically different languages knows that language positively rules ) the way we think . this is too fully self-evident to justify listing ) examples and testimonials . i have done translation between english and spanish , and i do n't know if they count as radically different , but my conclusion from that experience was hardly the same as branner 's . i would say instead that language positively rules how we express ourselves , not how we think . now , i suspect , along with branner , that sapir - whorf is not really a hypothesis , and it is certainly not a coherent one as it is stated since "" think "" can be construed in many different ways . i suspect that my disagreement with branner here is as much a function of how we use that word as substantially about how language shapes or does n't shape congitive processes . michael newman dept . of educational theory & practice the ohio state university mnewman @ magnus . acs . ohio-state . edu
",0
789,"Subject: query : "" grasshopper mind "" ?
 
 are you familiar with the english collocation "" grasshopper mind "" ? i first saw it listed as a translation equivalent to _ utsuri-gi _ ' fickleness ; caprice ' in kenkyusha 's new japanese - english dictionary ( 4th ed . 1974 ) , and then found it exemplifying adjectival _ grasshopper _ ' frivolous ' in kenkyusha 's new english - japanese dictionary ( 5th ed . 1980 ) . since grasshopper figuratively means a ' flighty , improvident person ' , "" grasshopper mind "" is a metaphorically apt free combination ( occurring three times in the cobuilddirect on-line corpus ) , but is it a standard collocation requiring lexicographical treatment ? none of the english monolingual dictionaries i checked enters this combination ; the closest is the oxford english dictionary 's ( 2nd ed . 1989 ) "" my mind travelled up . . . and grasshoppered "" usage example . however , roget 's thesaurus ( longman 1982 ) includes "" grasshopper mind "" s . v . _ changeable thing _ and _ inattention _ . do other english language reference works enter "" the grasshopper mind "" ? when was it first recorded ? is it a varietal or dialectal term ? are there analogous "" grasshoppery "" words in other languages ? if you can answer any of these questions , please contact me directly and i will post a summary to linguist . michael carr , otaru university of commerce , otaru 047 japan email carr @ canal . otaru-uc . ac . jp fax 81 + 134-22 - 0467
",0
790,"Subject: rea
 
 could somebody out there help me get my hands on a simple dichotic listening tape ( test ) that could be used to test for right ear advantage ( or left ear advantage as the case may be ) of linguistic stimuli ? i ' m not asking for this for free , of course , but i have had problems finding a good one around here ( in the boston area ) . looking forward to hearing from you hoskuldur thrainsson department of linguistics harvard university 77 dunster street cambridge , ma 02138 tel . ( 617 ) 495-4006 , e-mail "" thrainss @ fas . harvard . edu ""
",0
791,"Subject: query on sumerian initial ccs
 
 dear fellow subscribers ! in two recent articles claude boisson ( bsl 84 . 1 , 1989 : 201-233 ) and manfred schretter ( acta orientalia hafn . 54 , 1993 : 7-30 ) have argued for the possibility of positing ( tautosyllabic ) initial consonant clusters for the reconstructed level of sumerian , basing themselves mainly on the so-called "" proto - ea "" syllabary glosses of sumerian logographs . does anybody know if there have been earlier / other attempts to reconstruct ccv ( c ) syllables in sumerian or attempts to use "" multiple "" , i . e . "" phonetic transfer "" readings of sumerian logographs for purpos - ses of reconstruction , in the fashion of what sinologists commonly reconstruct in old chinese on the basis of "" jiajie - "" , "" xiesheng - "" "" yidu - "" readings of chinese characters . any pointers & references on this subject would be highly appreciated . best regards , wolfgang wolfgang behr sinologie , johann wolfgang goethe - universit t , frankfurt / main dantestr . 4 - 6 / vi , postfach 111 932 60054 frankfurt / main , frg fax : 069 / 798-2973 ; tel . ( o ) : 069 / 798-2852
",0
792,"Subject: books and articles on cd-rom
 
 this text is also available in german ( see below ) dear linguist readers throughout the last years the working conditions of many scientists have been profoundly changed through the introduction of modern data processing technology . almost every workplace is being equipped with a computer which , after hours or even days of patiently getting acquainted with the working procedure of these tools , constitutes an enormous advantage . this advantage especially shows in the ever more efficient saving , processing , and transferring of data . thus , as early as today , most of the manuscripts of books , articles , diplomas , and master 's theses are being processed through word processing programmes and are eventually available as a computer file . besides word processing , both newer , more rapid processors and more efficient programmes also make possible an ever higher integration of images , image sequences and sound recordings into a written text . accordingly , a phonetic transcription of an experiment can contain , in addition to the text , not only a recording of the language but also photographs of the articulating organs , such as mouth and upper jaw . that allows the experiment to be followed much more easily and also to be conducted by other scientists from a different view point . in addition to saving how the research work is done , it is also possible to save the subject of the research on any kind of storage media . in order to archive the amount of data resulting from this particular combination of text , sound and images , the compact disc ( cd ) has come more and more into fashion as the perfect storage medium . today , many publications are already available on cd . besides the possibility of a multi-media presentation of knowledge , the cd has one more advantage : because of the low production costs of a cd and its huge storage capacity , more publications of scientists can be made available than is currently possible in journals and books . at this point , the possibility emerges for young scientists as well as for renowned ones to publish their works that have up to now tended to disappear in some drawer because of either the publishing costs or a "" not-a - chance "" notion . with this as a background , i would like to begin a survey to determine to what extent the linguists of all fields might have interest in the following questions : 1 . ) is multi-media technology commonly accepted ? do linguists prefer traditional print media , or is there any interest in accepting knowledge from the computer screen ? 2 . ) is there any interest in publishing works which contain not only text but also images and sound ? what ideas are there on how to publish these scientific works ? 3 . ) who has experience using cds in the field of linguistics ? this survey is intended to serve as a basis for developing a concept for a new enterprise in the media services sector , which should provide next year 's young linguistically oriented post-graduate students a platform from which to work independently . i would like to thank you in advance for your answers and ideas . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ liebe linguist leser , in den letzten jahren hat sich die arbeitswelt vieler wissenschaftler durch die einfuehrung moderner techniken der datenverarbeitung grundlegend geaendert . fast jeder arbeitsplatz ist mit einem computer ausgestattet , der nach einigen geduldigen stunden und tagen des kennenlernens der wirkungsweise dieser geraete , einen enormen arbeitsvorteil darstellt . dieser vorteil besteht insbesondere in der mehr und mehr komfortableren erfassung , verarbeitung und weitergabe von daten . so werden die meisten niederschriften von buechern , artikeln , diplom - und magisterarbeiten bereits heute durch textverarbeitungsprogramme bearbeitet und liegen letztendlich als eine datei vor . neue und schnellere rechner sowie leistungsfaehigere programme machen neben der bearbeitung von text auch mehr und mehr eine integration von bildern , bildsequenzen und tonaufnahmen in eine niederschrift moeglich . so kann z . b . eine phonetische niederschrift ueber ein lautsprachliches experiment neben den schriftlichen ausfuehrungen auch die sprachaufnahmen enthalten , aber auch bildaufnahmen der artikulierenden organe , wie mund und unterkiefer ; damit ist dieses experiment besser nachvollziehbar und koennte unter anderen gesichtspunkten von dritten wissenschaftlern ebenfalls durchgefuehrt werden . es ist also moeglich , in vielen faellen neben den ausfuehrungen einer untersuchung , auch den untersuchungsgegenstand auf einen datentraeger zu speichern . um diese mengen an daten , die durch die kombination von text , bild und ton entstehen , zu archivieren , bewaehrt sich immer mehr die cd als speichermedium . viele veroeffentlichungen erscheinen schon heute auf cd . neben der moeglichkeit einer multi - media darstellung von wissen , hat die cd aber noch einen weiteren vorteil : aufgrund der niedrigen herstellungskosten einer cd und der riesigen menge an speicherplatz wird es moeglich , publikationen von mehr wissenschaftlern zu veroeffentlichen , als es mit herkoemmlichen journalen und buechern moeglich ist . hier ergibt sich fuer junge wissenschaftler , aber auch fuer renommierte die moeglichkeit , ihre niederschriften an die oeffentlichkeit zu bringen , die bisher , bedingt durch preis und ` chancenlosigkeit ' , eher in der schublade verschwanden . mit diesem hintergrund versehen , wuerde ich gern eine umfrage starten , inwieweit linguisten aller gebiete ein interesse an folgenden themen zeigen : 1 . ) gibt es eine allgemeine akzeptanz der multi - media technik . greifen linguisten lieber auf traditionell gedruckte literatur zurueck , oder besteht auch ein interesse an der wissensaufnahme durch den bildschirm . 2 . ) interessiert sich jemand fuer eine veroeffentlichung eigener arbeiten , die neben text auch bild und ton enthalten . welche vorstellungen gibt es ueber eine solche art und weise der publikation von wissenschaftlichen arbeiten . 3 . ) wer hat schon erfahrungen in der sprachwissenschaftlichen anwendung von cd 's gesammelt ? diese umfrage steht in dienst einer konzeptentwicklung fuer ein neues unternehmen im medien - dienstleistungsbereich , das fuer jungen , sprachwissenschaftlich orientierten studenten nach abschluss des studiums im naechsten jahr die basis fuer eine eigenstaendige arbeiten bilden soll . bereits im voraus bedanke ich mich fuer ihre antworten und anregungen . ingolf franke zeughausstrasse 31 d-54292 trier germany tel . ( 0651 ) 1 35 10 e-mail : fran2801 @ pcmail . uni-trier . de
",0
793,"Subject: aaai fall symoposium on formalizing context
 
 formalizing context aaai-95 fall symposium mit , cambridge , massachusetts november 10-12 , 1995 call for papers description the notion of context has played an important role in ai systems for many years . however , formal logical explication of contexts remains an area of research in which there are significant open issues . this symposium will provide a forum for discussing formalizations of contexts , approaches to resolving open issues , and application areas for context formalisms . the most ambitious goal of formalizing contexts is to make automated reasoning systems which are never permanently stuck with the concepts they use at a given time because they can always transcend the context they are in . such a capability would allow the designer of a reasoning system to include only such phenomena as are required for the system 's immediate purpose , retaining the assurance that if a broader system is required later , "" lifting rules "" can be devised to restate the facts from the narrow context in the broader context with qualifications added as necessary . a formal theory of context in which sentences are always considered as asserted within a context could provide a basis for such transcendence . formal theories of context are also needed to provide a representation of the context associated with a particular circumstance , e . g . the context of a conversation in which terms have particular meanings that they would n't have in the language in general . linguists and philosophers have already studied similar notions of context . an example is the situation theory that has been proposed in philosophy and applied to linguistics . however , these theories usually lie embedded in the analysis of specific linguistic constructions , so locating the exact match with ai concerns is itself a research challenge . this symposium aims to bring together researchers who have studied or applied contexts in ai or related fields . technical papers dealing with formalizations of context , the problem of generality , and use of context in common sense reasoning are especially welcome . however , survey papers which focus on contexts from other points of view , such as philosophy , linguistics , or natural language processing , or which apply contexts in other areas of ai , are also encouraged . submission information persons wishing to make presentations at the workshop should submit papers ( up to 12 pages , 12pt font ) . persons wishing only to attend the workshop should submit a 1 - 2 page research summary including a list of relevant publications . a postscript file or 8 paper copies should be sent to the program chair . limited funding will be available to support student travel . timetable april 14 , 1995 submission deadline . may 19 , 1995 submitters will be informed of decisions august 15 , 1995 final papers due september 20 , 1995 aaai will mail working notes to the participants november 10-12 , 1995 fall symposium program committee sasa buvac ( chair ) . department of computer science , stanford university , stanford ca 94305-2140 . buvac @ sail . stanford . edu richard fikes . knowledge systems laboratory , stanford university , 701 welch road , bldg . c , palo alto , ca 94304 . fikes @ ksl . stanford . edu ramanathan guha . mcc , 3500 , w . balcones center drive , austin , tx 78759 . guha @ mcc . com pat hayes . beckman institute , 405 north mathews av . , urbana , il 61801 . phayes @ cs . uiuc . edu john mccarthy . department of computer science , stanford university , stanford ca 94305-2140 . jmc @ sail . stanford . edu murray shanahan . imperial college , dept of computing , 180 queen 's gate , london sw7 2bz , england . mps @ doc . ic . ac . uk robert stalnaker . 20d-220 , department of linguistics and philosophy , m . i . t . cambridge , ma 02139 . stal @ mit . edu johan van benthem . institute for logic , language and computation , university of amsterdam , plantage muidergracht 24 , 1018 tv amsterdam , the netherlands . johan @ fwi . uva . nl ( postscript and plain text versions of this announcement are available through the symposium www page at http : / / sail . stanford . edu / buvac / 95 - context-symposium and via anonymous ftp from sail . stanford . edu in the directory / buvac / 95 - context-symposium . )
",0
794,"Subject: linguist / phonetic request for information
 
 dear linguist , this is a request for information regarding the kinds of pronunciation that are possible for a person who has no tongue , for the purpose of the editing of a novel set in 11th - 12th - century spain . a man has had his tongue removed at the root , so that he may not speak what he has seen . what sounds would he be able to make , after the wound has healed , but before he has practised much ? at the moment he uses a lot of sibilants , which i would imagine to be impossible , except for some kind of sshhing sound . with my limited knowledge , i 'd have thought he 'd have been limited to labials and fricatives - m , p , b , f , v , w . and h ? what about vowels ? the words he presently attempts to articulate are listed below . tongueless approximations forthese would be most gratefully received . take velaz ammar muwardis what happened why more where yes galleenus care jehane eliane i am so sorry do n't think historic pronunciation of the spanish / moorish need to be taken account of . could you please reply to seaboyer @ epas . utoronto . ca many thanks , jude seaboyer
",0
795,"Subject: hpsg slash
 
 could someone please clarify and exemplify the function ( and definition ) of the slash ( "" / "" ) in hpsg ( head driven grammar ) . many thnaks . michal ephratt ( rhlh702 @ haifauvm )
",0
796,"Subject: query : pseudo - explanations
 
 i am trying to collect examples of pseudo-explanations of linguistic phenomena which invoke supposed beliefs or customs such as the following : ( a ) hopi pluralizes the word for ' cloud ' the way that it usually pluralizes only animate nouns , so whorf claimed that this proves that the hopis believe clouds to be alive , ( b ) malagasy and some other languages tend to use passive rather than active voice forms in imperatives , so it is has often been claimed ( i even did this myself once ) that this is a matter of politeness , because by using a passive you are avoiding actually ordering the addressing around , while still making it clear what you want done . ( c ) one of the languages of the torres straits uses the dual in speaking to a married woman , and this was explained by saying that a married woman was assumed to have a child with her ! ! ! ( d ) there is even the famous case of a russian work which claimed that the adjective * beremennyj * ' pregnant ' had no masculine forms ( like the one i just cited ) because only females can get pregnant and then used this very form , saying that a "" beremennyj muzhchina "" ( = "" pregnant - masc man "" ) is inconceivable ! these are the kinds of things i would like to collect . and it would be especially if there were a case where the explanation was valid and not pseudo , of course , please send the examples to me and i will post a summary .
",0
797,"Subject: re : 5 . 1414 native speaker intuitions
 
 on monday , 5 dec 94 , jules levin responded to the following : ) ) tony bex raises some very interesting questions in the posting ) ) about native speaker intuitions . however , there are at least ) ) two other possible explanations for ` could of ' spellings which ) ) plausibly might be offered by naive and not very literate ) ) native speakers of british and american english : ) ) 1 . the ` of ' segment may be a pure homophone which is both ) ) a verb and a preposition without any link other than pronunciation ) ) between them . i think most people would hesitate , for example , ) ) to claim that ) ) a ) he might of said that and ) ) b ) the queen of hearts ) ) use the string pronounced ` of ' in the same way . ) ) 2 . ` of ' in ` could of ' might be some kind of preposition ) ) rather than a verb , along the lines of ` up ' in ` wake up the baby ' ) ) and so on . ) ) ) ) either of the above might be the native speaker 's understanding ) ) of ` of ' - it would be interesting to know if anyone has ever ) ) queried this by asking native speakers of english in some fashion ) ) or other . levin commented : ) i do not believe that ' of ' is or can be considered a verb here , just because ) it replaces the orthoepic ' have ' auxiliary . ) it is an abduction or erroneous hypercorrection of the construct forms ) ' woulda ' , ' coulda ' , etc . ) i have been collecting samples of the latter in "" standard "" prose , i . e . , ) newspapers , magazine articles , for 20 years , intending to write about the ) construct in "" future english "" , since that may be the telos of this form . ) it is steadily rising in acceptibility , having appeared even in a wm buckley ) column ( even if the latter would insist he was being ironic ) . the problem ) is that as these constructs become more and more widespread , ordinary ) letter-writers to the newspaper , trying to upgrade their prose style from ) a * no longer analyzable * coulda , shoulda , etc . , but knowing that the latter ) are somehow not strictly kosher , expand or reanalyze them to a false ' of ' ) construction : "" he should of stood in bed . . . "" ) therefore i submit that ' of ' here is nothing at all structurally , it is like ) the ' b ' in debt . the real linguistic question is the status of the ) constructs vis-a - vis their original compound aux structures . instead of ) engaging in the typical amateurish asking of native speakers what they think ) about it , devise a long sheet of sample sentences with ' have ' constructions ) mixed in with ' of ' constructions , and see if native speakers can ) non-randomly pick them apart . well , yes . but this rather misses my point . who is a native speaker ? many british speakers rarely / never use the ' coulda ' construction . they could hardly , therefore , be building on the kind of expansion suggested above . but surely , they are native speakers . similarly , levin 's proposal would only include those speakers who are literate . tony bex
",0
798,"Subject: query : have / of ) a
 
 with regard to the recent discussion on linguist of _ coulda _ , _ glassa _ , etc . , can anyone refer me to literature or give native judgments on the limits to which the reductions of _ have _ and _ of _ to _ a _ ( schwa ) may be subject ? my non-native intuitions are that it is unlikely to happen after a vowel : ( i ) ? the victory-a the team ? he may-a been here and even less likely after schwa iteself : ( ii ) ? * the idea-a going there ? * he oughta-a gone there similarly what about before a vowel : ( iii ) ? the concept-a extraction ? he should-a insisted or before schwa : ( iv ) ? the concept-a anaphora ? he could-a avoided it or before the article : ( v ) ? * the cancept-a a transformation perhaps , one or more of ( i ) - ( v ) that is / are impossible get better with ' intrusive ' r ? frits
",0
799,"Subject: query : different
 
 in one of the novels by ( walter m . ) greeley , i noted _ it 's not much different a life than that of the students _ . in many ways this just confirms the status of _ different _ as a crypto-comparative : cf . * it 's not easy a life , ok it 's not much easier a life than . . . however , what are native speakers ' intuitions about this when _ different _ is biased towards being interpreted as an ' ordinary ' adjective : ( i ) ? it 's entirely different a life from that of the students cf . ( ii ) * ? it 's not entirely novel a notion for me and what about : ( iii ) ? it 's not entirely separate a notion from that of greed or , for those speakers who accept ( iv ) , ( iv ) it 's not much easier of a life than that of the students , what about : ( v ) ? it 's not much different of a life than that of the students i also feel unsure about _ other _ : ( vi ) ? * it 's not ( much ) other a life than . . . ( vii ) ? it 's no other a life than . . . ( viii ) ? it 's not any other a life than . . . let alone ( vi ) - ( viii ) with _ of _ : . . . other of a life . . . frits
",0
800,"Subject: 
 
 language 70 / 4 ( december , 1994 ) : articles : nancy c . dorian , ` varieties of variation in a very small place : social homogeneity , prestige norms , and linguistic variation ' eloise jelinek & richard demers , ` predicates and pronominal arguments ' andrew carstairs - mccarthy , ` inflection classes , gender , and the principle of contrast ' review article : marilyn shatz on yamada 's laura : a case for the modularity of language and tomasello 's first verbs : a case study reviews : nancy c . dorian on robins & uhlenbeck , eds . , endangered languages michael a . covington on hale & keyser , eds . , the view from building 20 : essays in linguistics in honor of sylvain bromberger richard p . meier on wilcox , the phonetics of fingerspelling andrew spencer on aronoff , morphology by itself : stems and inflectional classes susan steele on heine , auxiliaries : cognitive forces and grammaticalization julia s . falk on malkiel , etymology mark aronoff on parkes , pause and effect : punctuation in the west carmen silva - corvalan on de granda , el espanol en tres mundos michael aceto on winford , predication in caribbean creoles tariq rahman on o'leary , ed . , sociolinguistic survey of northern pakistan bernard comrie on thomas , linguistic purism
",0
801,"Subject: japanese - thanks
 
 lund 941210 to the linglist readers , some weeks ago i published a query about the japanese particle wa from a semantic / pragmatic / functional point of view . i got an overwhelming response , and with a suitable background of the nobel prize day i wish to express my thanks to all of you who responded , namely : saburo aoki , susan burt , satomi currah , osamu fujimura , akiko hagiwara , alan huffman , shoichi iwasaki , mihoko kubota , kenjiro matsuda , kazuto matsumura , steve seegmiller ( thank you in advance ! ) , melanie siegel , suehara @ wellesley . edu ( i am sorry , but the name must have been deleted ) , naohiro takizawa . a summary follows below . with thanks ann lindvall ( ann . lindvall @ ling . lu . se ) aoyama , takashi . 1983 . the free-floating focus system in japanese : form - content analysis of wa and ga . gengo kenkyu : journal of the linguistic society of japan 83 , 41-60 choi , soonja ( ed . ) . 1993 . japanese / korean linguistics . vol . 3 . stanford linguistic association clancy , patricia ( ed . ) . 1993 . japanese / korean linguistics . vol . 2 . stanford linguistic association cook , haruko m . 1989 . semantic values of the japanese nominal particles wa and ga . duisburg : linguistic agency , university of duisburg ( semantic / pragmatic ) currah , s . & g . d . prideaux . 1991 . the pragmatic function of wa in japanese . canadian journal of linguistics 36 ( 4 ) , 325-335 hinds , john . 1983 . topic continuity in japanese . in : t . givon ( ed . ) . topic continuity in discourse . amsterdam : john benjamin , 47-93 hinds , john , senko maynard and shoichi iwasaki ( eds . ) . 1987 . perspectives on topicalization : the case of japanese wa . typological studies in language 14 . amsterdam / philadelphia : john benjamins ( recommended by almost everyone ) jorden , eleanor ( w / mari noda ) . japanese : the spoken language ( vols . 1 , 2 , 3 ) . harvard university press kitagawa , chisato . 1982 . topic constructions in japanese . lingua 57 , 175-214 kuroda , s . - y . "" whether we agree or not : a comparative syntax of english and japanese "" . w . poser ( ed . ) . papers from the second international workshop on japanese syntax . csli , stanford university li , charles n . 1976 . subject and topic . new york makino , seiichi . 1982 . japanese grammar and functional grammar . lingua 57 , 125-173 masunaga , kiyoko . 1988 ( ? ) . "" case deletion and discourse context "" . w . poser ( ed . ) . papers from the second international workshop on japanese syntax . csli , stanford university ( syntactic / functional ) maynard , senko k . 1980 . discourse functions of the japanese theme marker wa . london maynard , senko k . 1990 . an introduction to japanese grammar and communication strategies . tokyo : the japan times ( reference works ) mikami , akira . 1960 . zoo wa hana ga nagai . tokyo : kuroshio shuppan ( in japanese , which unfortunately is out of reach for me but could maybe be interesting for other linglist - readers ) ogihara , toshiyuki . 1986 . "" obligatory focus "" in japanese and type - shifting principles . proceedings of the west coast conference on formal linguistics , vol . 6 . stanford syntax and semantics series : ( issues of ) japanese syntax . academic press takeshita , atsushi . 1992 . recognizing topics through the use of interaction structures . proceedings of coling ' 92 , 1064-1069 tsutsui , michio . 1981 . topic marker ellipsis in japanese . studies in the linguistic sciences 11 ( 1 ) . dept . of linguistics , university of illinois ( urbana ) . 163-179 watanabe , noriko . 1990 . wa and ga : from the perspective of the deictic center in discourse . in : japanese / korean linguistics ( ed . h . hoji ) . stanford linguistics association ( discourse / functional )
",0
802,"Subject: tok pisin - thanks
 
 lund 941210 to the linglist readers , some weeks ago i published a query about tok pisin on behalf of my student . the response we got was overwhelming , and we wish to express our thanks to all of you who responded , namely tony bex , august cluver , karl franklin , erland gadelii , debra hardison , michael kac , gerardo lorenzino , hiro masuda , ritsuko onoyama - kikusawa , ingo plag , mark sebba and raymond tang we here publish a summary of all responses , and we will also contact some of you personally . ann lindvall ( ann . lindvall @ ling . lu . se ) aitchison , jean bible society . papua new guinea bickerton , d . 1975 . dynamics of a creole system . cambridge : cambridge university press bickerlon , d . 1981 . roots of language . ann arbor ( ml ) : karoma publishers byrne , f . and t . huebner ( eds . ) . 1991 . development and structures of creole languages : essays in honor of derek bickerton . amsterdam : john benjamins byrne , f . and d . winford . 1993 . focus and grammatical relations in creole languages . amsterdam : benjamins counts , c . d . a . 1982 . ol stori bilong laupu ( the tales of laupu ) . papua new guinea : institute of papua new guinea studies crystal , david . 1987 . the cambridge encyplopedia of language . cup dutton day , r . r . ( ed . ) . 1980 . issues in english creoles . heidelberg : julius groos verlag franklin , k . j . 1992 . traim tasol . vocabulary testing in tok pisin . canberra : department of linguistics , australian national university hall , r . 1943 . melanesian pidgin phrase-book and vocabulary . baltimore : linguistic society of america hancock , i . f . 1971c . "" a survey of the pidgins and creoles of the world . "" in : hymes , d . ( ed . ) . 1971 . pidginization and creolizalion of languages . proceedings of a conference held at the universily of the west indies mona , jamaica , april 1968 . london : cambridge universily press : 509-523 hancock , i . f . 1980 . "" lexical expansion in creole languages . "" in : valdman , a . and a . highfield ( eds . ) . 1980 . theoretical orientations in creole studies . new york : academic press : 63-88 holm , j . 1988 . pidgins and creoles , vol . 1 : theory and structure . cambridge : cambridge university press holm . j . 1989 . pidgins and creoles , vol . 2 : reference survey . cambridge : cambridge university press holm , j . 1992 . "" atlantic meets pacific : lexicon common to the english - based pidgins and creoles . "" in : language sciences 14 , 3 : 185-196 keesing , r . 1988 . melanesian pidgin and the oceanic substrate . stanford : stanford university press languages and linguistics , melanesia . address , see litteral & franklin litteral , r . 1975 . "" a proposal for the use of pidgin in papua new guinea 's education system . "" in : kivung ( special publication , 1 : tok pisin i go we ? ) 1 ( repr . in pride , j . b . ( ed . ) 1979 . sociolinguistic aspects of language learning and teaching . london : oxford university press : 152-163 ) litteral & franklin . sil , po ukarumpa , via lae , papua new guinea mihalic , frank . 1971 . dictionary . brisbane : jacaranda press . with verhaar mufwene , s . 1988 . english pidgins : form and function . world englishes 7 , 255-267 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1979 . growth and structure of the lexicon of new guinea pidgin . ( pacific linguistics c-52 ) . canberra : australian national university m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1981a . "" the development of the category number in tok pisin . "" in : muysken , p . ( ed . ) 1981 . generative studies on creole languages . dordrecht : foris publications : 19-55 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1981b . "" foreigner talk : tok masta in new guinea . "" in : international journal of the sociology of languagc 28 : 93-119 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1982a . "" language and communicative efficiency : the case of tok pisin . "" in : language and communicalion 2 , 2 : 105-121 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1982b . "" etymology and pidgin and creole languages . "" in : transactions of the philological society 99-118 muehlhauesler , peter . 1984 . oxford : blackwell m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1985a . "" variation in tok pisin . "" in : wurm , s . a . and p . m ~ hlh { usler ( eds . ) 1985 . handbook of tok pisin ( ncw guinea pidgin ) . ( pacific linguistic c-70 ) . canberra : australian national university : 233-273 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1985b . "" tok pisin and its relevance to theoretical issues in creolistics and general linguistics . "" in : wurm , s . a . and p . m ~ hlh { usler ( eds . ) 1985 . handbook of tok pisin ( new guinea pidgin ) . ( pacific linguistic c-70 ) . canberra : australian national university : 443-483 m ~ hlh { usler , p 1985c . "" the scientific study of tok pisin : language planning and the tok pisin lexicon . "" in : wurm , s . a . and p . m ~ hlh { usler ( eds . ) 1985 . handbook of tok pisin ( new guinea pidgin ) . ( pacific linguistic c-70 ) . canberra : australian national university : 595-664 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1985d . "" synonymy and communication across lectal boundaries in tok pisin . "" in : hancock , i . f . ( ed . ) 1985 diversity and development in english - related crcoles . ann arbor ( mi ) : karoma publishers : 134-153 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1985e . "" kritische bemerkungen zu w | rterb ~ cher des tok pisin und anderer kreolsprachen . "" in : boretzky , n . , w . enninger and th . stolz ( eds . ) 1985 . akten des l . essener kolloquims ~ ber "" kreolsprachen und sprachkontakte . "" bochum : studienverlag dr . n . brockmeyer : 71-85 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1986 . pidgin and creole linguistics . oxford : basil blackwell m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1991 . "" the changing status of melanesian pidgin english . "" in : ammon , u . and m . hellinger ( eds . ) 1991 . status change of languages . berlin : walter de gruyter : 253-263 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1992a . "" pidgins and translation . "" in : papiere zur linguistik 47 , 2 : 103-114 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1992b . "" what is the use of studying pidgin and creole languages ? "" in : languagc sciences 14 , 3 : 309-317 m ~ hlh { usler , p . , j . a . bennet and d . t . tryon . 1979 . "" english - based pidgins in the southwestern pacific . "" in : wurm , s . a . ( ed . ) 1979 . new guinea and neighbouring areas : a sociolinguistic laboratory . the hague : mouton : 53-80 nidue , j . 1988 . "" a survey of teachers ' attitudes towards the use of tok pisin as a medium of instruction in community schools in papua new guinea . "" in : papua new guinea journal of education 24 : 214-231 noel , j . 1975 . "" legitimacy of pidgin in the development of papua new guinea toward nationhood . "" in : kivung ( special publication , 1 : tok pisin i go we ? ) : 76-84 pacific linguistics series . the australian national university , canberra , australia papua new guinea wantok newspaper pisin in papua new guinea . oxford university press ( review : siegel , jeff . 1994 . language in society . vol . 23 no . 1 reinecke , j . e . , d . decamp , i . f . hancock , s . tsuzaki and r . e . wood . 1975 . a bibliography of pidgin and creole languages . ( oceanic linguistics special publications , 14 ) . honolulu : the university press of hawaii romaine , s . 1988a . pidgin and creole languages . london : longman romaine , s . 1988b . "" some differences between spoken and written tok pisin . "" in : english world-wide 9 : 243-269 romaine , s . 1988c . "" contributions from pidgin and creole studies to a sociolinguistic theory of language sociology of language 71 : 59-66 romaine , s . 1989 . "" english and tok pisin in papua new guinea . "" in : world englishes 8 : 5-23 romaine , s . 1991 . "" the status or tok pisin in papua new guinea : the colonial predicament . "" in : ammon , u . and m . hellinger ( eds . ) 1991 . status change of languages . berlin : walter de gruyter : 229-252 romaine , suzanne . 1992 . language , education , and development : urban and rural tok romaine , s . 1994 . "" language standardization and linguistic fragmentation in tok pisin . "" in : morgan , m . ( ed . ) 1994 . language and social construction in creole situations . los angeles : caas publications : 19-42 ross , m . 1985 . "" current use and expansion of tok pisin : effects of tok pisin on some vernacular languagcs . "" in : wurm , s . a . and p . m ~ hlh { usler ( eds . ) 1985 . handbook of tok pisin ( new guinea pidgin ) . ( pacific linguistic serics c-70 ) . canbcrra : australian national university : 539-556 sankoff , gillian . 1980 . the social life of language . univ . of pennsylvania press sankoff , g . and brown , p . 1976 . the origins of syntax in discourse : a case study of tok pisin relatives . language 52 , 631-666 scorza & franklin . sil , po ukarumpa , via lae , papua new guinea siegel , j . 1981 . "" developments in written tok pisin . "" in : ant linguistics 23 : 20-35 smith , g . p . 1990 "" creolized tok pisin : uniformity and variation . "" in : baldauf , r . b . and a . luke ( eds . ) 1990 . language planning and education in australasia and the south pacific . clevedon ( avon ) : multilingual matters : 179-209 smith , geoff , hongkong steinbauer , f . 1969 . neo - melanesian dictionary . madang , new guinea : kristen pres inc . thomas , dicks . language and literature dept . , university of papua new guinea todd , l . 1985 . "" lexical patterning in cameroon pidgin and tok pisin . "" in : hancock , i . f . ( ed . ) 1985 . diversity and development in english - relaled creoles . ann arbor ( mi ) : karoma publishers : 116-133 verhaar , john . comprehensive grammar on tok pisin . holland . see mihalic woolford , e . 1979 . aspects of tok pisin grammar . canberra , australia : pacific linguistics , australian national university wurm , s . a . 1980 . "" standardisation and instrumentalisation in tok pisin . "" in : valdman , a . and a . highfield ( eds . ) 1980 . theoretical orientations in creole studies . new york : academic press : 237-244 wurm , s . a . 1985 . "" thc role of new guinea pidgin ( tok pisin ) in the changing culture of papua new guinca . "" in : jankowsky , k . r . ( ed . ) 1985 . scientific and humanistic dimensions of language : festschrift for robert lado on the occasion of his 70th birthday on may 31 , 1985 . amsterdam : john benjamins : 605-614 wurm , s . a . and p . m ~ hlh { usler ( eds . ) 1985 . handbook of tok pisin ( new guinea pidgin ) . ( pacific linguistic series c-70 ) . canberra : australian national university z ' graggen , john . anthropos institute , the australian national university , canberra , australia
",0
803,"Subject: linguistic datasources
 
 at the request of subscribers , we ' ve been collecting the addresses of linguistic datasources which can be reached through world wide web . these addresses are now available to any of you who have web access on the linguist web server at the following url : http : / / engserve . tamu . edu / files / linguistics / linguist / datasources . html this file is also available , to those of you who read web - linguist , through the "" linguistic datasources "" link . we 'd be delighted to hear any comments anyone would care to make . and if there ' re any addresses we need to add , please let us know what they are . we 'd like to emphasize that we 'd be happy to include sites where individual linguists keep data they would like to make available to their colleagues . since the web allows us to share not merely text , but pictures and sound-recordings , we can now begin an interchange of linguistic information that is of a very different nature from that which was possible in the past . anthony & helen
",0
804,"Subject: 
 
 proceedings from the workshop on compound nouns copies of the proceedings from the workshop on "" compound nouns : multilingual aspects of nominal composition "" ( geneva , december 2nd and 3rd , 1994 ) are now available . to order , send a msg to < estival @ divsun . unige . ch > or < pb @ divsun . unige . ch > and send 25 sf per copy by check , money order or bank transfer made to the following account : ubs , no . 472 . 319 . 00d ` ` issco , noms composes : 144 . 541 ' ' . the table of contents can be retrieved by anonymous ftp : ftp issco _ ftp . unige . ch ( or 129 . 194 . 177 . 14 ) cd issco get nc _ contents = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = dominique estival issco , universite de geneve 54 rte des acacias ch-1227 geneve tel : + 41-22 - 705-7116 fax : + 41-22 - 300-1086 < estival @ divsun . unige . ch >
",0
805,"Subject: 
 
 language & literature 3 / 3 ( 1994 ) : articles : ineke bockting , ' mind style as an interdisciplinary approach to characterisation in faulkner ' valerie lowe , ' unsafe convictions ' : ' unhappy confessions in * the crucible * irma taavitsainen , ' subjectivity as a text - type marker in historical stylistics ' reviews : tom barney on couper - kuhlen , english speech rhythm mike reynolds on simpson , language , ideology and point of view john honey on phillipson , linguistic imperialism miguel marinez - cabeza on zwaan , aspects of literary comprehension michael toolan on fludernik , the fictions of language and the languages of fiction
",0
806,"Subject: re : 5 . 1433 comparative method
 
 i re-read newmeyer 's original posting ( date 30 nov 94 ) and noticed that it has an implicit attack on the notion of "" basic word order "" for comparative purposes . this flows from his earlier question on how basic word order is variously defined by various analysts , implying that it lacks precision . to the extent that i have understood the responses so far , no one has responded to this particular point , so here goes - - basically in agreement with newmeyer , but with some criticism of the assumed larger implications for comparative reconstruction of syntax . i ' ll stick to what i know about linguistic events in europe since i expect the events to be more familiar to most readers than events in other language families , so that my examples may speak to readers ' previous ideas about particular linguistic events referred to below , and , under the best circumstances , provoke further discussion . to anticipate , the notion of basic word order is too simple-minded ( simplistic ? ) for diachronic purposes . fn : "" could anything resembling latin syntax be reconstructed through comparison of the syntax of the modern romance languages ? "" bw : should it ? the immediate ancestor of the romance languages is not latin but proto - romance . svo ? what about the exceptions , e . g . , french j ' ai rien fait etc . are n't they hints to certain historical complications . also aux inversion in standard french , e . g . , sont-ils venus ? standard french aux inversion is probably of germanic origin , not found elsewhere in romance . as for reconstruction of case ( cf . latin / english ) , with possible implications for earlier word order possibilities , case inflections remain on ( third person ) object clitics in all romance languages . when we consider deviations from svo word order in romance languages , we may suspect that the notion of "" basic "" word order is a villain to the extent that it invites the analyst to disregard less frequent or syntactically restricted word orders . this is not safe in internal reconstruction of syntax , while the most revealing procedure may be to do internal reconstruction of syntax within a language before using the comparative method to reconstruct within groups of languages genetically related by other criteria . in fact , the last point above is what is usually done , and is probably the only proper way to proceed , given the intent of the comparative method . always reconstruct a basic vocabulary first , on the basis of sound correspondences - - to justify genetic relationship among the languages . then consider syntactic comparison . problems with this necessary procedure will emerge in following discussion , but it remains necessary unless you want to reconstruct the syntactic evolution of a geographical area rather than of a genetic family . the latter may be a useful complement to assumed genetic reconstruction , but i think it is too digressive an idea for me to pursue below . now , what about preverbal object clitics in romance ? another hint of complications to the svo concept of romance . preverbal object clitic means ov - - but i suppose "" basic "" means when o has a noun not a pronoun as the head . and what aout the fixing of multiple object clitic order in romance ? e . g . , case order versus person ( inherent topicality ) order . that can't be reconstructed for latin because the clitics did not arise as distinct entities until proto - romance at the earliest . can a single or preferred clitic order be reconstructed for proto - romance , e . g . , dat-acc ( invariant in spanish and , i think , rumanian , but acc-dat seems to be older in french , now remaining only for third persons , i . e . , no inherent topicality difference therefore earlier case ordering remains - - french acc-dat may reflect germanic influence as well ? ) ? or did fixed clitic orders originally arise independently in various areas of romance ? in any case , how can we avoid the comparative method in addressing the problem of the origin of object clitic order in romance ? in sum , i think that the origin / s and evolution of fixed multiple object clitic orders in romance is a legitimate issue , and that it cannot be solved without recourse to the comparative method ( among others , of course ) . therefore , the comparative method cannot be dismissed in syntactic reconstruction . fn : "" should we therefore reconstruct proto - germanic ( almost surely incorrectly ) as svo ? "" bw : newmeyer 's reference to proto - germanic reveals even more than romance that "" basic "" word order is a villainous concept for reconstruction in this case , as if "" basic "" word orders can be compared across related languages to reconstruct "" proto-basic "" word orders , such that "" minor "" word orders can be ignored or reconstructed as "" proto-minor "" word orders . one principle which emerges from our knowledge of the historical record is that word order change does n't work that way , i . e . , word orders cannot be compartmentalized as "" basic "" and "" minor "" for diachronic purposes . principle : if we want to develop tools and principles for syntactic reconstruction , we will really have to consider the functions served by the various word orders at different times , and detect changes in their functions diachronically . in other words , word order change in a language must be studied in the context of the totality of functions of all its word orders at any given time . the difference between such a study and the study of change in "" basic "" word order , if the latter means anything at all , is analogous to the study of phonetic change and phonemic change . if analysts argue about the notion of "" basic "" word order , this is analogous to arguing about different concepts of the phoneme , and not about agreed upon linguistic facts . the fallacy of reconstructing "" basic "" word order for proto - germanic on the basis of the "" basic "" word order in current germanic becomes obvious according to the above principle because of the sov word order in subordinate clauses in continental germanic . and even this is not as invariant a property of the oldest texts as it is of the later standardised languages , e . g . , before middle german and dutch . english also clues us in to inversion by its many remnants , even without historical texts which reveal more similarities to continental germanic , e . g . , v - first following a subordinate clause or adverb , still common in the av bible . including english but excluding gothic which mirrors to the extent possible the new testament greek syntax from which it was translated , the earliest texts in germanic show , as far as i know , a tendency relatively favorable to verb-final in subordinate clauses , but much variation , later eliminated in the continental standards . this leads to arguments about whether or not the sov tendency was the break-up of an earlier more general indo - european sov tendency ( or earlier fixation ? ) which died in english and scandinavian ( including the still highly inflected icelandic - - creating problems even for simplistic functional arguments for the evolution of svo in germanic , so that the argument would have to be : it started as a reaction to the increasing unreliability of case distinction but spread for social reasons to languages that did n't need it . such an argument does not strike me as at all unreasonable ! ) . [ although i excluded gothic above , because of its malleable accommodation to greek syntax , its deviations from nt greek are quite revealing . most salient is the absence of a definite article , despite its occurrence in nt greek as well as in all other germanic languages . if gothic translation was totally serious about imitating nt greek syntax in all cases it could have adopted an unstressed demonstrative to imitate the greek article , as later germanic did ( in a sense ) . the most important question about gothic syntax is : is the malleability of its syntax innovative from proto - germanic ? - - if so , we will probably never know in what ways the gothic translations of nt greek stretched the limits of that malleability , and distorted the colloquial functions of word order in spoken gothic or more generally in the germanic of the third century . if sov was invariant in some ancestor , then why did it deteriorate in germanic ? at least as puzzling , how / why / when did germanic get aux inversion , even in yes / no questions . all indo - european languages show wh fronting for wh questions , so is there any reason to believe the proto - language did not . would i be buying what newmeyer is questioning with the preceding argument , cf . fn : "" i have the impression that with increasing frequency , one comes across statements such as the following in the literature : "" most of the attested languages in language family x have some syntactic property . therefore we can assume that proto - x had this property . "" "" bw : [ why with "" increasing frequency "" ? is the implication that copy-cat historical linguists are becoming less responsible than they used to be ( cf . the discussion of the spread of rumors about the number of eskimo words for snow ) , or that syntax is driving historical linguistics to pot ? ] to be safe , i guess ancillary arguments come in , like : considering how areally widespread the ie languages are , is it likely that the unanimity of wh first questions across ie is not reflective of the proto-language ? ok , so maybe wh fronting is proto - ie ( got a better explanation for the facts ? or reason to ignore them ? ) , but why aux inversion in germanic questions . and does the application of inversion to yes / no questions mean that there was a question marker in initial position ( wh question position ) with yes / no questions , as in "" what / hullo , are you kidding me ? "" ( such a marker "" ibai "" is found in gothic whenever the new testament greek original has "" me : "" ) . do n't get me wrong . i ' m not suggesting that an initial yes / no question-marker was a necessary condition for the inversion innovation in germanic . i ' m only observing that there was the option of such a marker , and anticipating ( if indeed it has not already been suggested ) that some analysts who are overly formal in their approaches to syntax might suppose the necessity of such a marker to motivate a mechanical generalisation of inversion from wh to yes / no questions . again , because such in - version occurs in all germanic should we not reconstruct it for proto - germanic . . qualification on all : it 's variable in gothic where it 's variable in nt greek : pronoun subjects usually do not invert with the verb , noun subjects usually do . ] a practical point is that , as far as i know , there is an issue about the differentiation of germanic into anything like the modern descendents before the 4 - 5th century . thus , if aux inversion goes back that far , does it matter if it spread from one germanic area to another or if it was part of proto - ( west ? ) germanic ? all innovations must spread before we recognise them as innovations in the language ( or dialect ) . historical linguistics does not study the evolution of the idiolect ( if such a concept as "" evolution of the idiolect "" is even coherent ) . finally , about typological arguments . when morphology-as - fossilized syntax and universal-typology of word order congealed in the early 1970s , some suggested that even before ie was sov it was vso . why ? because subject marking inflection follows the verb : v - s , get it ? inevitably , then , some suggested that celtic maintains the most archaic "" basic "" word order among the ie languages . this is another excess in diachronic application of ( whatever ) the notion of basic word order . the principal objection raised was that it is not obvious ( and even unlikely ) that only basic word orders morphologise . ( in fact , they may be least likely to morphologise . ) considering that s represents an unstressed anaphor in v - s , s might be in a minor word order position . [ and note that if basic word order means when the arguments are nominal , not pronominal , then discourse frequency is not criterial of basic , since at least most subject arguments are pronominal , if not merely inflectional . furthermore , if "" basic "" only counts the relative frequency of subject nominals , it is based on something which is quite rare in discourse : subject nominals ] . in any case , subject inflection following the verb stem is a widespread eurasian areal feature , extending into africa in semitic and various other branches of afro - asiatic . to some this might be taken as a clue to the correctness of nostratic and other super-family notions , to others an indication of an extremely old innovation having spread ( over millenia ? ) across families regardless of genetic relationship ( cf . the famous balkan area ) . still others might opt for coincidence . various other languages also have this feature , e . g . , kanuri in west africa and various new world languages . ( welcome to nostratic ? ) questions about the functions of position after the verb in so-called sov languages are raised by v - s inflectional order . the typological implications of this go beyond my current knowledge , although i dimly remember that various eurasian sov languages are different according to whether or what function post-verb - al position has in such languages . this is obvious , for example , in the contrast between eurasian sov languages ( with differences amongst themselves ) and the so-called sovx west african languages , where x is an adpositional phrase ( with complications about the origin of adpositional phrases in such languages which i will refrain from discussing here ) . since so many eurasian sov languages are also v - s inflectional languages , i do not know if there are sov languages which have a "" minor "" postverbal position for an anaphoric subject ( such that it turns up in other positions in certain constructions , so that we can demonstrate that it is not an inflection ) . maybe typology of relevant amerind languages will help solve this problem . but maybe we may also anticipate the reappearance of the party-spoiling question about the representativeness of curent language types to possible ( and former ) language types . no doubt an unwelcome ( and unhelpful ? ) thought to many . in this context it seems worth mentioning that mathematical probability arguments for various word orders , as i have seen them practiced , are not impressive , because of faults in their initial assumptions . for example , as far as i know , they invariably assume the validity of counting number of languages , regardless of the genetic relationship or areal contiguity of the languages counted . this seems unsound to me , particularly ignoring areal contiguity . for example , we find ( i think ) that the eurasian area , consisting of umpteen and umpred languages , has s . . . o word order ( ignoring the position of the verb as an independent variable ) . then in the new world we find large areas of contiguous s . . . o order , and separate areas of o . . . s order . maybe we should be calculating mathematical probability on the basis of contiguous area rather than number of languages . the surprising result might be that o . . . s is more probable than s . . . o ( where area is an independent variable , not individual language , of course . ) i ' m not sure what the implications of this might be , but one might be that o . . . s might have once been a more likely ordering strategy than it is now , and that the predominance of s . . . o across languages counted individually is largely the result of areal spread . [ if the spread of s . . . o is old enough , its predominance might even be the result of an absolute increase in the number of "" languages "" in the world all together . however , this is n't really relevant to my criticim of the way probability arguments have been applied to syntactic typology , only to the historical implications of adequate assumptions about language typology . in fact , i ' ll leave this discussion with the already widely accepted suggestion that strategies for information distribution in the clause , esp . in terms of old / new , are more relevant to typology than such problematic notions for cross-linguistic comparison as subject and object . similarly , for example , i think that in eurasia , agent . . . patient / theme order largely cuts across ergative and accusative languages , even though ergative languages would have patient / theme , or whatever term you want , as subject . to this extent , s . . . o cannot be universal even in eurasia , without confusing "" accusative "" definitions of subject and object , where subject status is consistent with case-marking , and "" ergative "" definitions , where case-marking is more closely tied to transitivity role than to the mushy cross-linguistic concept of subject . ] fn : "" and furthermore , syntactic change can be fairly catyclysmic , restructuring grammars wholesale in one generation - - unlikely or impossible with phonological systems . "" bw : i think the thrust of fn 's suggestion here is largely right , though probably vastly overstated ( on the basis of older ideas about creoles ? ) . however , questions remain in my mind about conditions under which these things happen . within monolingual areas ( or among closely related , mutually intelligible languages , ( certain types of ? ) syntactic strategies seem to have the potential to spead quite quickly , perhaps almost as quickly as new words and expressions , while comparable speed is not generally observed for phonological change ( and is probably "" unlikely or impossible "" , as newmeyer puts it , for both internal linguistic and social reasons - - in fact , i think "" unlikely "" is more accurate than "" impossible "" depending on the nature of the particular type of phonological change , and i have an example of possible single-generation phonological change in the current english of the african americans in new york city area , but i do not have sufficient data to make this possibility or its implications worth discussing here - - until i get to the section in labov 's new book where he discusses recent innovations in the chicago vowel system i will not be sure if he has other examples ) . however , to the extent that language-contact propels "" cataclysmic "" syntactic change ( in the historical record ) fn 's suggestion is not so clear . for example , english in east la ( a mexican american community ) is more immediately strikingingly different from adjacent english dialects on the phonological than on the syntactic level . and that applies to monolingual speakers of east la english as well as spanish - english bilinguals , and to various phonological segments as well as intonational contours ] . in understanding historical syntactic evolution , it is most often difficult to distinguish internal evolution from language contact ( hence the sour regard for substratal theories during the late 19th - to-mid 20th c celebration of neogrammarian achievements ) - - and then there is also jakobson 's caution that language contact might not permit evoluton that is not internally possible anyway , rather that it can only promote one possible direction of change as opposed to other possible directions which might flourish under other external circumstances . this too i consider problematic as a blanket statement , but a major consideration to keep in mind as a possible constraint on change in most reconstructive expeditions into the unknown past . enough . these are my thoughts about the problems of using the comparative method alone to reconstruct syntax . but nobody would suggest something so foolish as not enlisting all possible tools of reconstruction , including internal and typological in addition to comparative . conversely , it would be equally foolish to shun the comparative method as a reconstructive tool . in any case , the notion of basic word order is not helpful to syntactic reconstruction , if not of doubtful value as an autonomous observation about the synchronic state of any language as well . i mean it 's ok to observe that english and french are both synchronically svo ( spoken french even more than english - - not least because of the former 's preferred question formation strategies ) , but without further discussion that does not mean that their syntaxes are "" basically "" the same , in any insightful or interesting ( to coin an adjective ) sense . i would like readers to react to any of the points i have made above , not least of all the accuracy of the facts i have suggested for various languages , since i am not an expert in the areas of most of the facts i have presented , e . g . , current typological theory , indo - european linguistics , eurasian and new world areal syntactic characteristics . benji
",0
807,"Subject: sum : trends and developments in linguistics
 
 here is a summary of the reactions to my recent posting on "" the crucial issues and domains of investigation in contemporary linguistic research "" and "" the most important trends and developments that will determine the research agenda of linguistics in the ( near ) future "" . i received four replies in all , viz . from suzanne e kemmer , mark liberman , paul woods and sabine geldof , all of whom i would hereby like to thank . mark liberman 's reply was long , detailed and insightful but also based on an internal report and therefore perhaps not fit for public dissemination . those who want to know the details of what he had to say may want to contact him personally at myl @ sansom . ling . upenn . edu . two general themes emerged from these responses : 1 . as far as theory-building is concerned , the main areas of interest and development for the future are believed to lie in the field of cognitive linguistics , i . e . the relation of linguistic structure to cognition as envisaged by r langacker , g lakoff , and others . 2 . in terms of methodology , a stronger emphasis on corpus based research , made possible by the ongoing micro-electronic revolution . the increasing application of computers in linguistic research is expected to bring about some major theoretical revolutions / paradigm shifts ( cf . pdp , connectionism ) . or . . . what computers reveal about the mind . alex housen
",0
808,"Subject: call workshop optionality
 
 - call for papers - call for papers - call for papers - the research institute for language and speech ( ots ) , utrecht university , organizes a . . . . . workshop on optionality to be held on september 1 - 2 , 1995 . keynote speakers : jane grimshaw ( rutgers ) tony kroch ( penn ) tanya reinhart ( tel aviv / utrecht ) edwin williams ( princeton ) in the history of generative linguistics , there has been a shift from construction-specific rules to general principles . in the minimalist framework of chomsky ( 1993 ) , movement is argued to be a last resort operation : it may only take place if it is triggered , that is , if movement is required to escape ungrammaticality . this concept , which gradually took shape in the late eighties ( cf . travis 1986 ) , is referred to as "" economy "" . now , although economy is conceptually attractive , it faces serious problems when confronted with optional movements : by hypothesis , a movement is blocked if it does not have to take place . optionality is widely attested in natural language . one might even claim that there are situations in which it is typical that two or more variants of a construction coexist . in this workshop we would like to explore in what ways the problem of optionality can be approached . one would like to have a theory that predicts which types of optionality may be expected in natural language . we would therefore like to invite papers that deal with the theoretical problem of optionality . papers may focus on optionality in the steady state or on optionality in situations of language acquisition and language change . in addition to 4 ( invited ) keynote talks , we have 12 slots for 35 min . papers . please send 5 copies of an anonymous two-page abstract , one camera-ready version and a 3x5 "" card with name ( s ) of author ( s ) , title of paper , affiliation , phone number and e-mail address to : workshop on optionality , research institute for language and speech ( ots ) , utrecht university , trans 10 , 3512 jk utrecht , netherlands . we hope to be able to ( partially ) reimburse speakers . the deadline for submissions is may 1 , 1995 . submissions by e-mail or fax will not be accepted . for further information contact neeleman @ let . ruu . nl or weerman @ let . ruu . nl .
",0
809,"Subject: call for papers : lagb
 
 linguistics association of great britain spring meeting 10-12 april 1995 the linguistics association of great britain spring conference will be held from monday april 10 to wednesday april 12 at the university of newcastle upon tyne . the guest speaker is ellen prince , who will give the lagb 1995 lecture on ' the notion "" construction "" and the relation between discourse and syntax ' . the workshop will be on ' grammar and discourse ' , organised by noel burton - roberts . there will be a language tutorial on basque ( two sessions ) , given by larry trask . call for papers offers of papers on all areas of linguistics are invited . send 7 anonymous copies of a one-page abstract , plus one copy with your name and institution at the top and your name and correspondence address on the back . the abstracts should be camera-ready so that those accepted can be included unaltered in the conference booklet . send abstracts ( hard copy ) to arrive by monday january 9 to : greville g . corbett , president lagb , linguistic and international studies , university of surrey , guildford , surrey gu2 5xh enquiries about the meeting : billy clark , meetings secretary lagb : billy1 @ vaxa . middlesex . ac . uk enquiries about local arrangements : karen corrigan : k . p . corrigan @ newcastle . ac . uk enquiries about the lagb : nigel fabb , secretary lagb : n . a . j . fabb @ strath . ac . uk greville g . corbett department of linguistic and international studies university of surrey guildford surrey , gu2 5xh great britain email : g . corbett @ surrey . ac . uk fax : + 44 1483 302605 phone : + 44 1483 300800 ext 2849
",0
810,"Subject: cfp : spatial expressions
 
 ( < first call for papers ) > < < first call for papers > > < < first call for papers > > ijcai-95 workshop on the representation and processing of spatial expressions fourteenth international joint conference on artificial intelligence ( ijcai-95 ) montreal , canada 1 day during 19th - 21st august 1995 organising committee klaus - peter gapp ( saarbruecken , germany ) jugal kalita ( colorado , usa ) paul mc kevitt ( sheffield , uk ) amitabha mukerjee ( iit , kanpur , india ) patrick olivier ( aberystwyth , uk ) junichi tsujii ( umist , manchester , uk ) laure vieu ( irit , toulouse , france ) wolfgang wahlster ( dfki , saarbruecken , germany ) yorick wilks ( sheffield , uk ) workshop issues : there are been many different approaches to the representation and processing of spatial expressions including geometric schemas , semantic nets , fuzzy sets and predicate logic . yet most existing computational characterisations have so far been restricted to particularly narrow problem domains , that is , specific spatial contexts determined by overall system goals . to date , artificial intelligence research in this field has rarely taken advantage of studies of language and spatial cognition carried out by the cognitive science community . one of the intentions of this workshop is to bring together researchers from both disciplines in the belief that artificial intelligence has much to gain from an appreciation of cognitive theories . in addition to presenting original research participants will be asked where possible to address the following questions : o how does your work draw upon , differ from , refine or extend existing linguistic , cognitive and artificial intelligence approaches ? what are the limitations and assumptions of your approach ? o how should knowledge about space be represented ? what is your underlying knowledge representation and reasoning formalism and what issues have motivated your choice ? o how important is the issue of cognitive plausibility ? o how should the lexicon be organised with respect to spatial prepositions and spatially relevant words ? how can multiple meanings for such words be accommodated ? o the meaning of spatial expressions cannot be addressed in isolation . indeed spatial expressions are used in many different physical contexts and environments . how should the meanings of individual spatially relevant words be composed during processing to obtain meanings of complex spatial expressions ? o object knowledge is generally thought to play an important role in the interpretation of spatial words especially spatial prepositions . how can this be realised and are there any other factors which affect the interpretation of spatially relevant words ? o how language dependent is your approach ? o what are the open questions ? submission requirements : electronic submission is strongly encouraged ( preferably self-contained latex ) . papers must be printed to 8 1 / 2 "" x 11 "" size . they must be a maximum of 15 pages , each page having no more than 43 lines , lines being at most 140mm long and with 12 point type . title , abstract , figures and references must be included within this length limit . four copies should be mailed to the address below . double sided printing is encouraged . patrick olivier e - mail : plo @ aber . ac . uk centre for intelligent systems tel : + 44 970622447 university of wales fax : + 44 970622455 aberystwyth dyfed , sy23 3db , uk deadlines : submission deadline : 13th march 1995 notification of acceptance : 13th april 1995 camera ready copy due : 27th april 1995 publication : accepted papers will be published in the workshop notes / preprints by ijcai . if there is sufficient interest it is intended that a book will be published based on the workshop notes .
",0
811,"Subject: usage - based models - symposium
 
 announcing the sixth biennial symposium of the rice university department of linguistics usage-based models of language rice university march 15-18 , 1995 invited speakers : mira ariel tel aviv university joan bybee university of new mexico john du bois university of california , santa barbara michael israel university of california , san diego sydney lamb rice university ronald langacker university of california , san diego tom givon university of oregon brian macwhinney carnegie - mellon university janet pierrehumbert northwestern university john sinclair university of birmingham ( u . k . ) arie verhagen university of utrecht description : the goal of this symposium is to explore approaches to linguistic theory that have in common the aim of accounting for linguistic usage . the empirical data for such theories is not restricted to linguistic intuitions about acceptibility , but comes from usage events of varied types . the focus is on the patterns found in the various sorts of usage data examined , and how those patterns can be extracted , represented , and used by the human mind . research from a variety of traditions will be represented , including corpus-based analyses , discourse studies , experimental studies of language processing and language acquisition , and instrumental phonetics . the approaches taken can be called data-driven , rather than model-driven , in that the fewest possible prior assumptions are made about what types of data are relevant , and that large sets of usage events are observed so that the detailed patterns found in actual usage can emerge . moreover , the various approaches taken show signs of converging toward a view of language as a dynamic system in which linguistic knowledge is not separate from its processing in language use . the linguistic models representing this view are usage-based by virtue of three factors : ( 1 ) the importance placed on usage data for theory construction ; ( 2 ) the direct incorporation of processing ( production and comprehension ) into linguistic theory ; and ( 3 ) the requirement that the models arrived at , whatever the direct source of evidence , must be testable with reference to language use . registration : no charge . symposium attendance on a space-available basis . for further information , contact suzanne kemmer ( kemmer @ ruf . rice . edu ) or michael barlow ( barlow @ ruf . rice . edu ) snailmail : dept . of linguistics , rice university , houston tx 77251-1892 .
",0
812,"Subject: cgsw10 program
 
 announcing cgsw10 the 10th comparative germanic syntax workshop , organised jointly by the catholic university of brussels , and the p . j . meertens institute for dialectology ( amsterdam ) will take place in brussels on january 17-19 , 1995 . the program tuesday january 17 18 : 00 : registration and reception at conference venue : vrijheidslaan 17 , b-1080 brussels ( metro simonis ) wednesday , january 18 10 : 00 - 10 : 30 : coffee and formal opening 10 : 30 - 11 : 00 : t . taraldsen ( tromso ) case , subject-orientation and agreement in icelandic and faroese 11 : 00 - 11 : 30 : j . zwarts ( utrecht ) simple and complex prepositions and p - stranding in dutch 11 : 30 - 12 : 00 : coffee 12 : 00 - 12 : 30 : h . bennis ( leiden ) , f . beukema ( leiden ) & m . den dikken ( vu , amsterdam ) getting verb movement 12 : 30 - 14 : 00 : lunch 14 : 00 - 14 : 30 : s . barbiers ( leiden ) an antisymmetric analysis of pp extraposition 14 : 30 - 15 : 00 : t . hoekstra ( leiden ) & j . rooryck ( leiden ) dynamic and stative have 15 : 00 - 15 : 30 : e . haeberli ( geneve ) morphological case , pro and word order 15 : 30 - 16 : 00 : coffee 16 : 00 - 16 : 30 : e . - p . kester ( utrecht ) adjectival inflection and licensing conditions on null nouns 16 : 30 - 17 : 00 : e . hoekstra ( meertens , amsterdam ) & m . den dikken ( vu , amsterdam ) parasitic participles thursday , january 19 10 : 00 - 10 : 30 : j . bobaljik ( mit ) the morphological determination of germanic syntax 10 : 30 - 11 : 00 : d . buering ( koeln ) & k . hartmann ( frankfurt ) extraposition , qr , and association with focus 11 : 00 - 11 : 30 : coffee 11 : 30 - 12 : 00 : e . groat ( harvard ) overt and null expletives in germanic 12 : 00 - 12 : 30 : s . menuzzi ( leiden ) on double object constructions in icelandic 12 : 30 - 14 : 00 : lunch 14 : 00 - 14 : 30 : m . everaert ( utrecht ) binding and the inert / active distinction 14 : 30 - 15 : 00 : a . henry ( ulster ) v2 phenomena in belfast english 15 : 00 - 15 : 30 : coffee 15 : 30 - 16 : 00 : f . weerman ( utrecht ) morphological case and null case 16 : 00 - 16 : 30 : j . - w . zwart ( groningen ) the composition of auxiliaries and the placement of participles in dutch travel and hotel information : a file with travel and hotel information will be sent to you upon simple request ( e-mail or coupon below ) . registration and conference lunches : advance registration : $ 20 / bef 700 ( $ 10 / bef 350 for students ) on - site registration : $ 30 / bef 1 , 000 ( $ 20 / bef 700 for students ) advance registration can be made by sending in the coupon below , and by forwarding the required amount into postal account # 000-0536088 - 66 of ku brussel , vrijheidslaan 17 , b-1080 brussels . please mention that you are registering for cgsw10 ; do not forget to add bank charges to the above amounts . the deadline for advance registration is january 9 , 1995 . there are a number of restaurants in the immediate vicinity of the university ; however , given any sizable number of conference participants , this may lead to substantive overcrowding and consequent delays . for this reason , the organisers will arrange for a caterer to provide two lunches on the university premises . since it is vital that we should know in advance how many lunches to order , you must book your lunch in advance by sending in the coupon below . for the lunches , no advance payment is required . cut here - - - - - - name : address : e - mail : 0 i will register on-site 0 i have transferred the registration fee in the amount of 0 bef 1 , 000 0 bef 750 ( student rate ) to postal account # 000-0536088 - 66 . 0 i want to order a conference lunch for wednesday january 18 at bef 400 0 i want to order a conference lunch for thursday january 19 at bef 400 0 please send me hotel and travel information mail , fax , or e-mail this coupon to : ku brussel cgsw10 ( g . vanden wyngaerd ) vrijheidslaan 17 b-1080 brussel belgium tel + 32 2 412 4349 fax + 32 2 412 4200 email : haaam08 @ cc1 . kuleuven . ac . be
",0
813,"Subject: job announcement
 
 position announcement department of french studies assistant professor in french linguistics , tenure-track , contingent upon budgetary approval ; phd required . able to teach a variety of courses in french linguistics at undergraduate and graduate levels and contribute to training and supervision of graduate teaching assistants . appropriate areas of specialization : discourse analysis , second language acquisition , language pedagogy . expertise in business french or cultural studies helpful . seeking strongest , most versatile candidate we can find . send letter and cv . the university at albany is an equal opportunity / affirmative action employer . applications from women , minority persons , handicapped persons and special disabled or vietnam era veterans are especially welcome . professor mary beth winn , chair department of french studies , hu235 university at albany state university of new york 1400 washington avenue albany , ny 12222
",0
814,"Subject: job opening for english / socio / applied
 
 [ poster 's note : please do not send your query to me via email ; i am only posting this for peter . thanks - - km ] hiroshima university faculty of integrated arts & science , kagamiyama 1 - chome 7 - 1 , higashi - hiroshima , hiroshima japan 724 dean : prof . mitsuo watabe 7 december , 1994 faculty position in the english department , foreign language course applications are invited from suitable candidates ( either english native speakers or japanese ) for a temporary ( 3 - year ) teaching position in the above department . details relating to the position , and the method of application and the documents required are given below . location : hiroshima university foreign language course , department of english . faculty required : professor , associate professor or lecturer . starting date : april 1 , 1995 . duration : april 1 , 1995 - march 31 , 1998 . qualifications : m . a . essential ; ph . d . preferred ; research and teaching experience desirable . japanese candidates must have reached the age of 60 . area of specialization : sociolinguistics ; applied linguistics . teaching duties : specialized classes in sociolinguistics ; general english classes ; skill-based english classes , specializing in reading , listening , speaking and writing . documents required : curriculum vitae ( including recent photograph ) ; all publications ( nb . originals are required ) ; names and addresses of three persons from whom references may be sought . deadline for receipt of applications and supporting documents : january 9 , 1995 applications should be sent to : prof . mitsuo watabe dean , faculty of integrated arts & science , hiroshima university , kagamiyama 1 - chome , 7 - 1 , higashi - hiroshima , hiroshima 724 . japan . further information may be obtained from the chairman of the selection committee : prof . peter goldsbury english department , faculty of integrated arts & science , hiroshima university , kagamiyama 1 - chome , 7 - 1 , higashi - hiroshima , hiroshima 724 japan tel . ( int ) + 81-824 - 24-6436 fax . ( int ) + 81-824 - 24-0755 home tel . int + 81-82 - 211-1271 home fax . int + 81-82 - 211-1955
",0
815,"Subject: applied linguistics position
 
 applied linguistics / esl . search reopened . closing date : february 24 , 1995 . east texas state university invites applications for assistant professor of english ( tenure-track ) to teach courses in applied linguistics / esl , full time , starting august 21 , 1995 . minimum qualifications : doctorate in applied linguistics or related applied field ( by june 1 , 1995 ) ; college teaching experience to include some or all of the areas listed below ( see "" duties "" ) ; demonstrated research commitment . desirable qualifications : experience with in-service and pre-service teacher preparation at elementary and secondary levels ; ability and experience in teaching composition ( including technical writing ) , literature surveys , word-building , or introductory philosophy ; knowledge of languages other than english . duties : teach undergrad and grad courses in general linguistics , structure and history of english , esl principles and practices , language acquisition and processing , sociolinguistics ; advise undergrad and grad students , direct theses ; conduct and publish research in area of applied linguistics specialty . required application materials : letter of application , c . v . , transcripts , three recent letters of recommendation . send all materials to gerald duchovnay , head , department of literature and languages , east texas state university , commerce , tx 75429 . closing date : february 24 , 1995 . files that were active at the time the search was closed earlier this year will be reactivated . east texas state university , which enrolls approximately 8 , 000 students in undergrad , master 's , and doctoral programs in three colleges ( a&s , business / technology , education ) , is located off interstate highway 30 , about 65 miles northeast of dallas . teaching assignment occasionally requires a weekly commute to a satellite campus in suburban dallas / forth worth . east texas state university is committed to the goals of affirmative action and equal employment opportunity . qualified members of affected groups are encouraged to apply .
",0
816,"Subject: comparative syntax
 
 while i really like most of what scott delancey had to say about syntactic reconstruction usually being based on clues buried in the morphology ( or morphophonology ) , i do n't think this is always the case . there is a rather famous example involving a rule of ancient greek and one variety of old iranian ( the languages of the gatha 's , i seem to recall ) , whereby a neuter pl . subject triggers sg . agreement on a verb , a pattern which is often reconstructed for the proto-language because , as i understand it , of its apparent oddity . this reconstruction is not logically dependent , i do n't believe , on the identity of the actual morphemes marking gender , number , and person in these languages . i would think that there are many such quirks of syntax which could be the basis of a reconstruction . e . g . , polish and several other indo - european languages show traces of a pattern whereby an np referring to a group composed of males and females is grammatically neuter . i have been playing around with the idea of trying to reconstruct this as an old pattern which would be quite independent of the particular number morphemes involved ( b . t . w . , if anyone knows of any literature on this phenomenon , i would be grateful for any references and will post them in summary form ) . another example ( which is not so interesting , because we happen to know the history ) : russian does various complicated things with the case / number endings of the nouns and adjectives when combined with numerals . thus , in the nominative case , ' these adj n ' and ' two adj n ' show different adj and noun forms in russian , where in the presence of a numeral from 2 to 4 the adj has to be in what looks the gen . pl . form ( unless it is feminine , when either the gen . pl . or the gen . sg . is possible ) and the noun in what looks like the gen . sg . form ( except for one or two nouns which seem to take a special form differing in stress placement from the gen . sg . ) . closely related polish , on the other hand , does nothing special in this case ( though both languages do other weird things with numerals above 4 , which need not concern us ) . i wonder if we would not be able to conclude from such behavior that the ancestor of these languages had a distinct paucal number ( 2 - 4 being paucal ) category , which then merged with the plural in polish , but stayed distinct in russian ( with the further hypothesis that some of the paucal endings must have looked like the genitive sg . ones ) . and an even further hypothesis might be that the paucal was originally dual , since paucal is a very unusual category to have . of course , we know that this is what happened , but i wonder if we could not have reconstructed it even if had not known . so , provided the syntactic patterns are distinctive ( e . g . , weird ) enough , purely syntactic comparative reconstruction should be possible ( and i bet that we could even find some more examples of it in the literature besides the greek - iranian one cited above ) . the problem only seems impossible when we consider patterns which are quite prosaic ( and where the number of possibilities is small ) , like the so-called basic word order that has been talked about so much in this discussion . even there , i think , that if we looked at the detailed facts of word order ( not just ov , vo , and the like ) in a group of languages , we might be able to reconstruct the proto - system of word order with some degree of confidence . and even the basic order might be reconstructable enough if we have enough languages with enough diversity and ( geographical ) dispersion between them . the fact that classical latin was often verb-final , while all the romance languages are verb-middle or verb-initial , does not seem to be a very important counterexample , because ( a ) vernacular latin may well have been much more verb - middle than the literary and it is only the former that is relevant , ( b ) the romance languages do not exhibit very much diversity or dispersion . for ex . , does it not seem clear that we can reconstruct ov for proto - turkic and proto - mongolic ? and vo for proto - polynesian ?
",0
817,"Subject: re : 5 . 1435 native speaker intuitions
 
 as a british speaker of a quasi-standard variety , i was a bit puzzled by tony bex 's assertion that british speakers do n't use _ _ coulda _ _ . if he means the spelling , that 's probably true . but i think i use the sound sequence / kud6 / ( 6 = schwa ) quite a lot in conected speech when the following word begins with a consonant ( especially an obstruent ) . also , i wonder whether labelling this issue a matter of ' native speaker intuitions ' may not be slightly misleading . after all , the phenomenon in question was that / 6v / is frequently spelt _ of _ after words like _ could _ by less highly literate writers . surely this is n't an intuition , any more than spelling the plural with _ 's _ ( potato 's etc . ) is an intuition . furthermore , if greengrocers or anybody else use that spelling , we presumably would n't want to say that for them the plural is a kind of possessive morpheme . so i doubt that mis-spellings can be taken as evidence for the purported grammatical intuition that / 6v / is a verb preposition or whatever . earlier contributors to the debate have seen it as a matter of spelling tending to lose distinctions between homophonous morphemes . whose to say their not write ? richard ingham
",0
818,"Subject: re : 5 . 1414 native speaker intuitions
 
 i would like to make a few comments on marilyn silva 's questions about control structures like ( 1 ) johnny asked the teacher to go to the bathroom . ( 2 ) johnny asked to go to the movies . which , at least for some native speakers , are acceptable and allow an interpretation with the matrix subject as the controller . i believe that the interpetation of these sentences is fully explainable in terms of speech act semantics ( no syntax needed here ) . first , it is clear that the person asked is a potential agent and that in the "" unmarked "" case the empty subject is also supposed to an agent supposed to perform some future action specified by the verb phrase on the infinitive clause . therefore , the first option is object control . in the case of ( 1 ) this preferential interpretation is overridden by other pragmatic factors , such as the relative social status of the participants ( student vs . teacher ) . it is relatively unlikely ( though not excluded ) that the student will ask the teacher to do something . therefore , it is seems reasonable to look for an alternative intepretation . in the case of ' ask ' = a reasonable antecedent of the understood subject is the the potential beneficiary of the request , i . e . the asker . the asker benefits from the potential action performed by the addressee of the request . johnny could certainly categorized as being the beneficiary of the situation "" going to the bathroom "" . thus it seems plausible to referentially link the empty subject of = the infinitive complement . similarly , for a sentence like ( 3 ) john asked paula to be assigned for the task . which seems to involve control switch , i . e . switch from object control to subject control . in this case the passive construction overtly signals that the empty subject cannot be an agent . therefore , it 's implausible to assume coreference between the empty subject and the matrix object . but both john and the empty subject are potential beneficiaries . well , not beneficiaries not in the sense of case grammar or theta-role theory but in the sense of speech act semantics . what seems to at work here is a principle of "" role identity "" , which has been worked out in some more detail in a recent article written by klaus - michael koepcke and myself in folia linguistica 27 . 57-105 . ( "" a cognitive approach to obligatory control phenomena in english and german "" ) . roles are not understood there in the sense of case grammar but as "" pragmatic roles "" . we also point out some interesting differences = between control in english and german , for example , that sentences like ( 4 ) der polizist bat , den saal zu verlassen . ( literally : the policeman asked to leave the room ) can only be interpeted as involving an "" implicit controller "" , i . e . an addresse or a set of addressees , which is not lexicalized . related issues are also discussed in my recent book "" kontrollph = e4nomene im englischen und deutschen aus semantisch-pragmatischer perspektive "" published by gunter narr verlag , tuebingen . by the way , koepcke and i found that native speaker 's intuitions in these matters are really very unreliable and that linguists should think of more serious ways of testing what is possible in a language and what is not . klaus panther , university of hamburg , germany
",0
819,"Subject: re : 5 . 1435 native speaker intuitions
 
 in agreement with some of the comments posted about "" of "" in "" coulda "" ( and let 's include hadda ) etc . , it is interesting to me that so many readers knowledgeable about linguistics see any more than a graphic convention attempting to represent the homophony of ' ve with "" of "" here . it leads to interesting questions about how spelling affects our "" mental "" lexical representations of words , as literate beings . however , it is questionable whether whatever "" psychological reality "" the spelling "" of "" in "" could of "" has for the literate will have any effect on the future of the language ( since that was brought up ) . i think the spelling "" of "" for unstressed "" have "" has about as much chance of making a verb of the other "" of "" as the spelling "" we "" would have of making french "" oui "" an english pronoun . the evolution of parentheses into phonological segments is perhaps more likely .
",0
820,"Subject: comparative syntax : two languages , one grammar ?
 
 i previously posted this text to another mailing list ; a participant on that list , who also reads linguist , urged me to post it here as well , as a contribution to the "" comparative syntax "" discussion . the text below , set off by "" # "" in the left margin , is drawn from ) man 's many voices : language in its cultural context ( , by robbins burling ( new york : holt rhinehart & winston , 1970 ; isbn 0-03 - 081001-09 ) . # john gumperz has examined the colloquial dialects of marathi and kannada # in a village along the maharastra - mysore boundary in central india where # these two languages come into direct contact . marathi is an indo - aryan # language , while kannada is dravidian . historically these two languages # go back to utterly different antecedents , but the indo - aryan and dravidian # languages have been in contact in india for several thousand years and have # long influenced one another . along the borders their mutual influence has # been profound . in the village studied by gumperz most speakers feel # themselves to be bilingual , but the two village dialects share such a # large part of their grammar that one can almost doubt whether they should # count as separate languages . consider , for example , the following sentence : # # kannada : hog - i w @ nd kudri turg mar - i aw t @ nd # tags : verb suff . adj . noun noun verb suff . pron . verb # marathi : ja - un ek ghora cori kar - un tew anla # english : go having one horse theft take having he brought # idiomatic english : having gone and having stolen a horse , # he brought it back . # # all of the morphemes of the kannada sentence are different from those of # the marathi sentence , but they are used according to identical grammatical # principles . the sentences have identical constituent structures and their # morphemes occur in the same order . the same kind of suffixes are attached # to the same kind of bases . these sentences seem by no means to be atypical # of village usage . in fact , one can plausibly suggest that these two # languages ( if indeed they ) are ( two languages ) have the same grammar and # differ only in the items filling the surface forms . one can translate from # one language to another simply by substituting one set of lexical items for # another in the surface structure . # # both the marathi and the kannada used in this village differ from the more # literary or educated styles of the same languages , but both can be shown to # be related to the more standard forms according to the usual criteria by # which linguists recognize genetic affiliation . yet the village dialects # have undergone such profound mutual grammatical influence as to almost # obscure the boundaries between the two languages . curiously , in this case , # it is the lexicon that maintains the separation , and after considering the # effect of marathi and kannada upon each other , one can hardly maintain that # lexicon is always the easiest component of language to borrow or that the # true genetic affiliation will necessarily be shown by the underlying grammar burling 's bibliography refers to the following article ( which i have not read ) : gumperz , john j . "" communication in multilingual communities "" . in s . tyler , ed . ) cognitive anthropology ( ( new york : holt rhinehart & winston , 1969 ) john cowan sharing account ( lojbab @ access . digex . net ) for now e ' osai ko sarji la lojban .
",0
821,"Subject: re : 5 . 1448 comparative method
 
 the ongoing discussions about the comparative method do not seem to be getting anywhere on achieving real consensus in greenberg and anti - greenberg camps on the question of what would could as valid evidence that certain language families are related at a large time depth . i wonder if it would not be a good idea to hear something - - from the defenders of wide-ranging and large-time - depth comparison , preferably - - concerning what would count as evidence against a genetic relationship ? as a concrete example , take the fact , recently cited by poser , that all the muskogean evidence in greenberg 's book has been found to be tainted by data errors ( geoffrey d . kimball , a critique of muskogean , "" gulf "" , and yukian material in _ language in the americas _ , ijal 58 ( 1992 ) , 447-501 ) . i can imagine how one might want to maintain that even this total collapse of the case on muskogean merely puts us back in a state of being neutral , a priori , on whether muskogean languages are related to other amerindian languages , or to nostratic for that matter . anti - greenberg amerindianists are perfectly prepared to agree that the amerind languages might have descended from a common source now lost . that 's neutrality . but suppose we move from that neutrality to the position that we will assume as a default that muskogean is amerind , and so are all the languages of south america , and indeed , that amerind is related to sino - tibetan and both to indo - european and thus nostratic and all of the above to khoisan . . . let us assume for the sake of argument that the world 's languages are all genetically related ; but let us take this to be an empirical assumption - - not just a willingness to reject the closet racism that poser says ruhlen once alleged in his critics , or a yearning to find universal brotherhood , but an assumption against which evidence can in principle count . now , what sort of linguistic evidence would count , for greenberg and ruhlen and illich - svitych , as disproving the inclusion of muskogean or any other family in in the conjectural ( though tentatively assumed ) proto - gaeic ? that is , what sort of data pattern or configuration of phonological and grammatical properties could suffice to make the macrocomparativists throw in the towel and go outside to meet the press and concede defeat ? there ought to be some imaginable scenario that would end up with ruhlen telling a group of reporters from the stanford daily and american scientist and other supermarket tabloids , "" well , we thought we could sustain the whole proto - gaeic thing , but that set of paradigms on haida has us beat ; we ' ve had to concede the haida case ; according to our tests , haida is unrelated to the other human languages . "" ( much scope for new press attention here : "" haida indians are aliens from space , top expert admits . "" ) but what sort of scenario would it have to be , to get the greenberg camp to admit that it was in grave trouble on some relatedness claim ? to be fair , orthodox comparativists might well say that if you put it like this , no answer should be expected . one can argue that a certain methodology applied to a certain set of data yield no evidence for relatedness between burushaski and bushman , but not that it refutes such a relatedness . a positivist view of historical linguistics would see it as maintaining hypotheses about verifiable relatednesses in a very particular form : when i say that german "" pfennig "" comes from an earlier germanic form with initial "" p "" that will be seen in languages like english with no history of a high german sound shift , i am counted as having been supported by the observation that english speakers say "" penny "" ; if the form turned out to be "" twenny "" i would be in trouble ; given german "" pfund "" i am committed to something like "" pund "" in english , and ( given the great english vowel shift ) the discovery of "" pound "" is more good news for me ; and so on . the predictions i am making are about an indefinitely extensible set of pairs ( ger : pfxxx , eng : pxxx ) . now , the falsity of one of these could conceivably taken to refute brittle forms of the hypothesis that english cognates of german pf-words always begin with p - , but it is n't nearly enough to be counterevidence to the whole english / german relatedness claim , of course . that claim would not be given up unless there was a complete collapse of all the evidence : if "" pound "" was established textually to have been a coinage by a novelist who had never heard german , if "" penny "" was shown to be borrowed from italian "" penne "" during a period when pasta had been used for small change , and then all the other sound correspondences started collapsing as well . i ' m asking this : if the 100 % collapse of greenberg 's muskogean evidence , as alleged by kimball , does not count as a complete collapse of the case that muskogean is included in amerind ( hence , a fortiori , of the case that it is in proto - gaeic ) , then i think i need some help in understanding what could be evidence against that inclusion . there had better be something . + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | g e o f f r e y k . p u l l u m * pullum @ cats . ucsc . edu | | stevenson college , university of california , santa cruz , california 95064 | | ( 408 ) 459-4705 * messages ( 408 ) 459-2555 / 2905 * fax ( 408 ) 459-3334 | + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
",0
822,"Subject: comparative method
 
 in response to poser , nichols does on p . 6 of her book claim that there is no way for the comparative method to distinguish between nostratic and "" a much larger grouping of most lineages of the old world and new world "" , that is , as she herself says , between hypothetical groupings of around c . 12000 and c . 40000 years ago , and she does say that this "" because the cut-off point is so shallow "" , the cut-off point being the ceiling of 6000-10000 years which she imposes ( wihout any basis , as noted in my earlier messages ) on the comparative method . since this amounts to a rejection of the nostratic hypothesis ( not as false perhaps but as unverifiable / unfalsifiable , i guess ) , this means that i am right and poser is wrong about whether there have been people who have rejected particular theories of linguistic relationship on the basis of this mythical ceiling idea . in response to teeter : i think ( and i hope karl will endorse this ) that our disagreements are really quite minor , but they are real as far as they go . for example , while karl is obviously 100 % right about meillet 's position in the scientia article ( where meillet says that lexical comparisons can never prove a relationship , and only morphological ones can ) , in his 1925 book meillet repeatedly states that you can establish a linguistic relationship purely on the basis of lexical correspondences , makes the same point that i have been making over and over again here on linguist that for some language families this is the only way of showing relationship since they lack morphology , and even makes the same point that i did about how certain things can only be done once you have established , at least tentatively , that the languages you are dealing with are related . as a matter of fact , he even shows how you could demonstrate the relatedness of the romance languages purely on the basis of a lexical comparison , using the numerals 1-10 , and then shows how you could do that for the older indo - european languages too ( although there he begins to slip in a little morphology ) . i would also like to add that i think it is a serious mistake to pretend that there are no models for comparative linguistics besides indo - european , because it is so utterly atypical of the language families of the world . there are plenty of equally well established families , several of which are older in the only sense that matters , that is , not in years before the present but in years before the earliest written records and many of which are more useful models for those working on families not yet established ( afroasiatic , austronesian , austroasiatic , uto - aztecan , altaic , etc . ) . which is not to say that there is anything wrong with knowing as much as possible about ie , but rather that there is much wrong with knowing naught but indo - european . i am not sure but i think that this is what eric hamp had in mind in a recent paper in the davis / iverson volume when he complained about how the teaching of historical linguistics is hampered by textbooks which largely draw their material from ie ( or indeed from some favored parts of it , such as romance ) . and i am happy to have sally thomason point out that morphological elements can be borrowed . meillet we must remember was greatly troubled by the possibility of such a thing and of the existence of mixed languages . he tried to debunk every examples around , and thought ( wrongly i think ) that if such languages exist , then they cannot be handled by the comparative method . the fact that such languages do exist ( e . g . , mitchif ) and yet pose no problem ( so that we have no trouble tracing certain parts of mitchif to french and others to cree ) means that meillet was worried for naught . but it also means that language classification on the basis of morphology is no more infallibible than that on the basis oif lexical material . you work with what you have available , which in some cases may be largely morphology and only a few obvious lexical parallels ( that 's how afro - asiatic was first established ) , morphology and lexicon ( indo - european ) , lexicon and a single morphological parallel ( algic , as victor golla reminded me just the other day ) , lexicon only ( vietnames and the rest of mon - khmer ) , and so on and so forth .
",0
823,"Subject: typology of historical change
 
 typology of historical change this note tries to make explicit what i take for granted , and have discussed with others on occasion , but which perhaps needs a more explicit statement . one of the most fruitful avenues of research in distant language comparison , i believe , is the growth of the field i call typology of historical change . under this rubric i include for example the work of johanna nichols ( whether or not i agree with any data , findings or particulars of method , is not relevant to my point ; i still think it helps our thinking along ) . i also include , and this is a challenge i want to issue , the * * * mode of discourse * * * in which mr . vovin asked recently for help in finding typological parallels to a hypothesis he was interested in that a phrase meaning "" water falls "" could fossilize ( ? ) into a basic word for "" rain "" . in response to his query , he got back some positive answers , examples which people claimed fit this description . as a method of reasoning , this is what we need more of . that is , more accumulations of attested examples of particular changes , to educate our intuitions of what we naively think are "" possible "" semantic shifts by ever more experience with what actual semantic shifts are known or suspected . it will help us to improve our methods of guestimating possible language relationships , because it will at least say that a given hypothesized semantic shift is frequently attested , so it is not straining to compare lexical items whose meanings differ in such and such a way . whereas by contrast another hypothesized semantic shift is not firmly attested . so such an unattested semantic shift should probably not be used in those distant language comparisons which are themselves the most difficult to do , because over large time spans the number of context-sensitive conditioning environments is as great as the number of lexical items available to compare , and thus there are few or no * * * recurring * * * sound correspondences . in other words , as we move towards deeper comparisons , we must more and more rely on ways of measuring "" distance "" of semantic shift and "" distance "" of phonological change , rather than measuring repeating sound correspondences and semantic identities . we do not yet have our tools for doing this very well sharpened , but we can proceed gradually to sharpen them . a study of the known attested cases is the best start . in other words , if someone really wants to see how our methods fare with gradually more distant language comparisons , and to see how some new methods may fare , they should tabulate , for all known language relationships , ( a ) the proportion of sound-correspondence repetition in the comparable vocabulary ( and what "" comparable "" means is itself a variable , not exclusively defined by ( b ) and ( c ) ) ( b ) the "" semantic distance "" along attested paths of semantic change of lexical items being compared . where multiple such shifts have been attested , the estimated "" distance "" counts as closer , smaller . where few such shifts have been attested , the estimated "" distance "" counts as greater . we of course do not have enough such information in database form to use at present , but whatever we do have can be used provisionally , as explained in ( d ) ( c ) the "" phonetic distance "" along attested paths of phonetic change of lexical items being compared . there is relatively more of this knowledge available than for phonological change . ( d ) exploring how the three measures above vary as we go to greater time depths . that is , using first the more assured cases , then the less assured ones , how does a weighted average of "" closeness "" of compared lexical items vary as we go to increasing time depths ? how does the proportion of regular and often recurring sound correspondences to unique or rarely recurring sound correspondences vary as we go to increasing time depths ? it is the development of the tools in ( b , c ) which will most advance our abilities to compare at greater time depths , improve our methods . i will be very grateful to anyone who points me to studies which approximate to parts of the program outlined just above . "" the comparative method "" currently does not have the benefit of fully developed tools of this kind . to that degree , the current comparative methods can be considered less rigorous than they ought to be , and for that reason not as powerful at distant language comparisons as they will sometime come to be . a future comparative method can use these tools more and more precisely . the real challenge today to existing comparativists is to avoid artificially fossilizing the term "" the comparative method "" , to avoid treating its methods as fixed and not subject to improvement and supplementing with newer and more powerful methods , as are the methods in any other science . it would be healthy if the word "" the "" were dropped from the term and it were made a mass or plural term "" comparative methods "" . that implies no lessening of rigor . indeed , as i have been at pains to point out above , i firmly believe some of the limitations of the present state of comparative methods result from a * * * lack of rigor * * * in the area of the typology of possible changes ( phonetic , semantic , grammatical ) . work discussed by bill croft in the topic of syntactic reconstruction and typology is certainly relevant to the concerns raised here . i think we are seeing the beginnings of a new paradigm in the focus on paths of change in language , and comparative-historical linguists will be left behind if they do not add these techniques to their box of tools ( while keeping all the good techniques they already have ) . lloyd anderson
",0
824,"Subject: sum : vowel length in orthographies
 
 a few weeks ago i posted a query about the orthographic marking of vowel length , with special reference to korean . i received many very interesting replies , both on korean and on the general question , which i will summarise below - the whole topic raises some issues that people might like to comment further on . first though - thanks to everyone who took the trouble to send me information . it was my first linglist query and i ' m delighted with the way it works ! it would have taken me ages to assemble all these examples from library research . at first i was surprised to get a lot of replies suggesting as examples of languages that dont mark vowel length , english , german and so on . then i realised i should have been clearer in my original request . a . fox put the problem well with his question : ' your query about writing and vowel length is slightly odd , since it implies that in most languages with contrastive vowel-length the writing system represents it . but this depends on what you mean by ' representing ' vowel-length ; in the sense of having an explicit and consistent marker of length , such as a double letter , a diacritic or other length mark , this is not very common , at least in languages with which i am familiar . but length can be implicitly marked in a variety of ways , and therefore discoverable from the spelling for anyone ( such as the literate native speaker ) who knows the system . ' i 'd intended to include all of these things as ways of ' representing ' vowel length ; definitely not only cases where vowel length is represented as a feature in its own right by a macron , double symbol etc . so what i wanted was examples of languages with an extensive system of minimal pairs differentiated wholly or mainly by vowel length which have identical orthographic representations of the members of the pairs . this is the situation in korean , for quite a largish set of words of both one and two syllables . it 's definitely not the situation in english , german , canadian french , danish etc . i dont think its the situation in latin either , though i might be wrong , and would be glad of correction . here and in quite a few of the other languages that were suggested to me , vowel length is predictable from some other aspect of the word ( including its lexical identity ) so you dont actually get many or any minimal pairs differentiated only by length . right ? the same would appear to be the case for hausa ; and possibly for the other estonian vowel length contrast ? my estonian is a bit rusty , but would i be right in guessing that the full three way contrast is fairly limited ? however , several of the pacific languages that were mentioned to me do seem to fit the bill : tokelauan , samoan , maori , fijian and the ponapeic languages are all candidates for having what i would call a genuine length contrast ( although it seems that in maori at any rate the system of contrasts is quite limited ) , which is at least sometimes not shown in the orthography . so , it seems , does the australian language bardi , and its orthography doesnt show it . . the thing i found very interesting was the number of people who sent anecdotal evidence about how native speakers of these languages feel about marking vowel length . their writing systems are all of course relatively recent introductions based on the roman alphabet , and there are plenty of ways they could show vowel length . but they dont always use this potential it seems . apparently the speakers of ponapeic languages use length marking inconsistently , so do fijian speakers , maori speakers find it ' unnatural ' and dont like using it , tokelauan teachers have decided not to teach it , and in samoa use of a length marker is banned ! there seems to be something worth exploring here . the obvious hypothesis is that though the words are differentiated phonetically by length , this is not the distinction that is most salient to the native speakers . the next obvious hypothesis is that it is some kind of lexical distinction , similar to that of english ' good ' vs ' food ' , ' boot ' vs 's oot ' , ' look ' vs ' loop ' etc that is perfectly simple for native speakers and horrible for learners . ( which could also explain why gaelic has taken the opposite trend and started marking vowel length where it never used to , since it is used so much nowadays by less than fully native speakers . . . ) . thoughts on these hypotheses would be gratefully received . but back to korean . . . this still seems like a very unusual situation to me . it seems likely and indeed it was suggested by some of the korean respondents that the original hangul did have a length marker , but i have found no evidence for this in my research on hangul . ( that 's why i posted the orginal query , and i ve just had another look at ledyard 's thesis on the topic . ) maybe i just need to do more careful research : pointers on this also gratefully received . a couple of points of clarification : the distinction between the monosyllabic vowel length ' minimal pairs ' does seem to be dying out ( though it is the fact that it previously existed but was not marked in the writing system at that time that i find odd ; could it be that the lack of orthographic representation contributes to its demise ? ? ) . but there is a clear distinction in the sound of the two syllable pairs . to my ears these distinction seems to be much more one of pitch accent than of length . and : when i said that native speakers dont easily identify vowel length , i didnt mean that they say ' my language doesnt have a vowel length distinction ' - which would indeed be a statement to be cautious of ! i meant they dont know which word is supposed to have the long vowel and which the short . this is consistent with information sent by native speakers that it is something taught in schools as a prescriptive rule well for anyone who has read this far , let me reward you by sharing with you this response from fran karttunen ( i hope she doesnt mind ) . i dont know exactly how to interpret it with respect to my questions above , but i ' m sure there 's something in it for all of us ! ' both the maya and the nahua ( speakers of unrelated mesoamerican languages ) had achieved a partially-syllabic approach to writing before the arrival of europeans in the first quarter of the 16th century . from what we can tell of their writing , both made some use of rhebus principles in which a drawing of thing , the name of which was similar rather than identical , was used to suggest the intended word / syllable . for instance , a drawing of a a bare bottom ( tzin-tli "" buttocks "" ) was used for the honorific suffix - tzin . likewise a drawing of a banner , pan-tli was used for locative - pan . these two examples are suffixes , but there are similar cases for initial syllables of nahuatl noun stems , for instance . vowel length , at least for nahuatl , is not taken into account in these cases . the honorific suffix today has the reflex of a long vowel in most modern dialects of nahuatl , making it homophonous with the stem of "" buttocks "" , but attestation from the sixteenth century consistently show them to contrast in vowel length ( short for the honorific , long for "" buttocks "" ) . same for "" banner "" ( long vowel ) versus the locative ( short ) . ' thanks again to all respondents , who are listed below as acknowledgment . ( hope that 's ok ; preparing this summary has already taken so long that i ' m not keen now to go through and give proper ' who said what ' acknowledgments ! ) helen wechsler @ world . std . com ( allan c wechsler ) rcosper @ husky1 . stmarys . ca ( ronald cosper ) fran karttunen ( liar457 @ utxvms . cc . utexas . edu shelly @ uniwa . uwa . edu . au ( shelly harrison ) pulju @ ricevm1 . rice . edu gshin @ rs6 . chonnam . ac . kr ( gyonggu shin ) ian . green @ anu . edu . au ( ian green ) geoffn @ siu . edu ( geoffrey s . nathan ) mdr412 @ coombs . anu . edu . au ( malcolm ross ) jussi . karlgren @ sics . se kenneth de jong ( kdejong @ indiana . edu laurie . bauer @ vuw . ac . nz lance eccles ( lance . eccles @ mq . edu . au ) j . a . rea jarea @ ukcc . uky . edu jihualde @ ux1 . cso . uiuc . edu henry rogers ( rogers @ epas . utoronto . ca ) brian d joseph ( bjoseph @ magnus . acs . ohio-state . edu ) david fertig ( fertig @ acsu . buffalo . edu ) david gil ( ellgild % nusvm . bitnet @ cunyvm . cuny . edu stavros macrakis ( macrakis @ osf . org ) marc picard ( picard @ vax2 . concordia . ca ) charles scott ( cscott @ macc . wisc . edu ) lars mathiesen ( u of copenhagen cs dep ) ( thorinn @ diku . dk ) mark aronoff ( maronoff @ datalab2 . sbs . sunysb . edu ) caoimhin @ sabhal-mor - ostaig . ac . uk ( caoimhin p . odonnaile ) jaejung . song @ stonebow . otago . ac . nz ( jaejung song ) "" a . t . c . fox "" ( lnp6atcf @ lucs-mac . novell . leeds . ac . uk ) mjulien @ isl . uit . no ( marit julien ) blaine erickson ( erickson @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hfraser @ metz . une . edu . au ( 129 . 180 . 4 . 1 ) helen fraser ( dr ) dept of linguistics university of new england armidale nsw 2351 australia phone 067 73 2128 / 3189 fax 067 73 3735
",0
825,"Subject: reconstruction of latin
 
 a week or two ago i asked whether anyone had ever tried to apply the methods of historical reconstruction to reconstruct a known ( attested ) language , then compared the result of reconstruction with the actual language . the answer is yes ; thanks to daniel radzinski ( dr @ tovna . co . il ) , deborah yeager ( kyeager @ mailhost . nmt . edu ) , ? ? ( macrakis @ osf . org ) , and marc picard ( picard @ vax2 . concordia . ca ) , several of whom mentioned that robert hall had done a reconstruction of latin on the basis of romance languages . the reference is : hall , robert a . , jr . ( 1976 ) proto-romance phonology . elsevier .
",0
826,"Subject: 
 
 syntax wesley hudson . pragmatic constraints on binding into noun phrases . ph . d . diss . u . s . c . distr . by gsil publications ( gsil @ usc . edu ) this study analyzes a set of constructions referred to as specificity effects , where the possibility of extracting from within or binding into a noun phrase depends on non-syntactic properties of the np . in contrast to a number of syntactic studies of this phenomenon ( fiengo and higginbotham ( 1981 ) , bower ( 1987 ) , diesing ( 1990 ) ) , this work argues for a non-syntactic analysis of specificity effects . thus the inability to quantify into specific nps follows from a pragmatic equivalent to structurally determined wide scope readings . the class of nps which induce such wide scope readings is defined in terms of two distinct pragmatic properties . the first is referentiality as defined in burge ( 1974 ) , where the interpretations of referential nps are relativized to acts of reference performed on particular occasion of utterance . the second property is based on hawkins ( 1991 ) 's approach to anaphora with ( in ) definite nps ' and involves the implicatures speakers utilize in conveying whether or not a referent is identifiable . these pragmatic properties are shown to correlate with the opacity of nps more closely than syntactic or semantic properties . gsil pulbications patricia schneider - zioga . the syntax of clitic doubling in modern greek . 1994 in this dissertation it is argued that clitic doubling involves a predication structure where a clitic left dislocated ( cllded ) expression , which is a copy of the clitic doubled expression , is the subject of the predication and the clitic and doubled expression serve as the predicate variable ( cf . iatridou ( 1991 ) for clld ) : ( a ) noun phrasej [ predicate . . . cliticj - v noun phrasej . . . ] either the cllded or the doubled argument may phonetically delete . the difference between clitic doubling and clld is a matter of whether the topic or the doubled expression is phonetically ( but not syntactically ) deleted . this proposal accounts for what kind of lexical projections allow clitic - doubling ; the difference in behavior between accusative and oblique clitic doubled expressions ; the impossibility of doubling qps that contain expressions needing antecedents and other reconstruction effects ; as well as the scope interpretation of doubled qps . assymetries between clitic doubling and clld are also addressed . for more information , please contact : gsil @ usc . edu liliane haegeman , the syntax of sentential negation . 1993 / 94 ca . 250pp . paperbound approx . usd 50 rosenberg & sellier via andrea doria 14 , i-10123 torino ( credit card accepted ) this collection comprises papers by : l . haegeman , n . duffield , i . laka , j . ouhalla , e . pearce , l . progovac , g . puskas , m - l . rivero and r . zanuttini . it appears in two successive issues of "" rivista di linguistica "" : 5 , 2 ( 1993 ) and 6 , 1 ( 1994 ) ; the second one will be available very soon . an obvious alternative to the separate purchase of these issues is the subscription to the journal . | | | | - - - - pier marco bertinetto scuola normale superiore / / / / / / / - - - - - - - / / / / / / / - - - - - - - tel . + + 39 / ( 0 ) 50 / 509111 p . za dei cavalieri 7 / / / / / / / - - - - - - - fax : + + 39 / ( 0 ) 50 / 563513 i-56126 pisa / / / / / / / - - - - - - - / / / / / / / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - history of ling murray , stephen o . ( el instituto obregsn , san francisco ) . theory groups and the study of language in north america . a social history . john benjamins 1994 xxi , 596 pp . history of ling hb : us : 1 55619 364 5 / 90 272 4556 8 us $ 110 . 00 / hfl . 210 , - - this is a detailed social history of north american linguistic traditions and "" revolutionary "" challenges to them , covering the last century and a half . in particular , the book traces the relatively recent growth of generative syntax out of neo - bloomfieldian structuralism , under the nurturing ( contrary to popular myth ) of powerful "" gatekeepers "" like language editor bernard bloch . although focusing on groups , murray resurrects many of the forgotten writers on language in society who were not participants in schools or theory groups . moreover , he formulates a theory of the social basis for claims of "" scientific revolution "" , and provides a suggestive analysis of why some approaches succeeded while others failed in the continuing and often rhetorically violent contention in linguistics . includes a 74 - page bibliography . studies in the history of the language sciences , 69 socioling the discourse of negotiation - studies of language in the workplace edited by alan firth , denmark isbn : 0-08 - 042400 - 7 hardback viewing negotiations at a micro level of analysis , this book focuses on a wide variety of settings , from industrial meetings to comsumer helplines . * available for discussion * published october 1994 by elsevier science ltd tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1865 843685 langs langauge in the andes , p . cole , g . hermon & m . d . martin ( eds . ) , 400 pp . , latin american studies program , 113 ewing hall , u . of delaware , newark , de 19716 , pcole @ udel . edu . volume includes papers on sociolinguistics ( p . p . plaza , u . von gleich & w . wolck , a . m . escobar , n . hornberger , diana weber ) ; syntax ( w . adelaar , s . dedenbach - salazar saenz & j . de dios yapita moya , r . floyd , p . muysken , n . ostler , s . van de kerke , david weber ) ; phonology ( r . aranovich , r . cerron - palomino , p . landerman ) ; & language teaching ( r . andersen , j . l . daza & r . robison ) . price : us $ 12 , individuals ; $ 20 , libraries & other institutions ) incl . shipping ; $ 2 surcharge to addresses outside the u . s . to order , send a check in u . s . dollars drawn on a u . s . bank made out to the university of delaware to above address . this series is not automatically purchased by libraries so you may wish to recommend the book to your library .
",0
827,"Subject: comparative method
 
 these are notes after the recent discussions of karl teeter , amramer , sally thomason , after the aaa meetings sessions on distant language reconstructions , and also in response to part of mr . poser 's message of 14 december . first , most of the discussion of karl teeter i can agree with wholeheartedly except in the use of any of his criteria as absolutes . even grammatical things can be borrowed ( as sally pointed out ) . people do in practice * * * correctly * * * accept a language family such as uto - aztecan as essentially proven , even when no grammar has been written for the proto-language , or when only parts of a grammar are written . on the one hand , nobody would be disturbed much if it turned out that one of the assumed uto - aztecan languages was originally from another family , with truly massive borrowing from uto - aztecan . the overall hypothesis of a uto - aztecan family would not be shaken . on the other hand , asking the question how much of the grammar of the proto-language has to be written reveals the non-absoluteness of the criterion . only a tiny bit ? that might be subject to one of the special cases in which some morphology and other grammar were borrowed ( sally 's general type of example ) . so , again , karl is right in general , but wrong if any single criterion is taken as an absolute ( unless circularly many criteria are combined by feats of legalese into a single criterion ) . i would like to modify amramer 's statement in exactly the same spirit : ) we cannot demand a detailed morphological reconstruction ) until the languages are accepted as related . this is too strong . it is not quite the same as ramer 's ) but surely he does not mean that a comparative grammar is a ) prerequisite to a reconstruction ; it is part of a reconstruction . in practice , an extensive comparative grammar is indeed written as part of a reconstruction ( ramer 's second wording above , not his first above ) , but it is not likely to be written unless * * * both * * * of the following two conditions are fulfilled : 1 ) the languages are in fact related ( makes the grammar easier to write ) 2 ) enough scholars believe that the languages might be related and so put effort into establishing their links . it is some unwarranted discouragement of the second which needs to be dealt with in our field . ramer is right that some linguists do discourage attempts to prove what has not already been proven . no risk-taking , in other words . good researchers , attempting to write a grammar of altaic for example , will report all of their results , both for genetic relatedness , for borrowing , and for a host of other questions they will not even have thought of when they started their research . some researchers evaluate only the hypothesis they started with . very often the differences of viewpoint amount to nothing more than an elevation of what one does oneself into the "" true "" or "" real "" work of the field , instead of recognizing that it takes a number of different contributions . i will illustrate from karl teeter 's recent messages , with no malice intended , because i am absolutely sure he intends none himself . in modifying his wording to take account of amramer 's point that of course people do properly classify languages on the basis of phonological correspondences , teeter writes on 10 december : "" since it is clear that everybody 's first approximation to linguistic history begins with such classification . what i say is just that you cannot reconstruct languages on this basis . "" ( please note the words "" first approximation "" in this . that you cannot reconstruct languages on the bases of classification alone seems to me a tautology . ) later in the same message , teeter reverts to the more absolute statement : "" on the contrary , my contention ( not my invention ) , is that the only way to establish that languages are related is to write a grammar of the proto - langauge and show how it developed into different later grammars . "" ( please note the words "" the only way "" and "" establish "" . using these words does not change the fact that uto - aztecan is * * * correctly * * * accepted as a proven family without teeter 's criteria being satisfied . ) on 8 december , teeter wrote : ) "" systematic correspondences of sounds in the vocabularies "" may prove ) a connection between languages , which is certainly an interesting ) first step , but there the real work of comparative grammar starts : [ then teeter mentions four possible explanations , only one genetic ] ) until one can exclude the first three factors , one has proven ) nothing at all regarding genetic relationship . teeter discounts the enormous work of discovering likely language families in the first place , trivializes that as not the "" real work "" and establishment of systematic sound correspondences as proving "" nothing at all "" regarding genetic relationship . on the contrary , that does prove a grouping as a legitimate candidate for genetic relationship , and often the nature of the sound correspondences found will also have made one or more of the alternatives less probable . the work of comparative-historical grammarians is "" real work "" . so is the work of those who spend enormous hard-working hours sifting potential cognates to discover potential sound correspondences . do teeter and others really have no knowledge of how much work that takes ? at no stage is something ever completely proven in an absolute sense ( not even after a comparative grammar is written , because of the potential for undiscovered problems of the kind noted by sally thomas ) . all stages of the process contribute to the end result . all stages are equally "" the real work "" . proof is always incremental , not nothing , not complete and absolute . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * i turn next to mr . poser 's message , and to other information gleaned at the aaa meetings . perhaps mr . poser will be surprised that i am enthusiastically in favor of anyone correcting any errors in any claims of language relationship or language structure , including mr . poser 's mention of kimball correcting errors in muskogean , even or especially if that means that a greenberg claim about pronouns in amerind is weakened . it is actually claims about morphology where i expect greenberg is least likely to have succeeded in contributing something . i thank mr . poser for the bibliography i can check against my lists of corrections and for this note on muskogean pronouns . i also agree with mr . poser that the criticism of errors in data does not rely on the mere authority of the critic . ( that was not my point about appeals to authority , so one of mr . poser 's paragraphs was not directly relevant . my earlier point about appeals to authority remains . ) i did not indicate ( as mr . poser 's message suggests ) that critics complained of errors when they could not back them up . what i did say was that they claimed greenberg 's errors made the method worthless , without bothering to test whether correction of the errors would actually lead to a change in his conclusions , and without promptly providing the data so others could carry out such a test . ) from conversations , i would judge some are still reluctant to face this test , the one required by a part of their claims . ( even if their claims on this point prove wrong in some degree , because the conclusions of greenberg 's method mostly remain the same even after errors of those kinds are corrected , it still will not follow that greenberg 's methods produce valid results on a regular basis . please notice how careful it is important to be with notions of proof for or against anything . ) in conversation with bob rankin at the recent aaa meetings i indicated i was glad greenberg had made the attempt at morphology , with his 3rd - person alternation between / y / and / t / as a putative relic irregularity , but i was equally likely to end up believing that he had discovered a new typological fact , a preference for these unmarked segments and recurring conditions under which they might alternate in more or less the same way , which might indicate that the same phenomenon could arise by chance repeatedly . we are always dealing simultaneously with possibilities of genetic relationship or convergent evolution . as a general warning about the danger of throwing out hypotheses too early because they are "" obviously "" cases of chance lookalikes or convergent evolution , an article "" common pathways of illumination "" by stephen jay gould of harvard , in natural history magazine , december 1994 pp . 10-20 , discusses the origins of eyes in different phyla of the animal kingdom . he states that this had been a classic case in biology , used to show convergent evolution of originally unrelated organs to serve the same function . however , the dna specialists have gotten their hands on this one , and apparently it is * * * the same dna * * * which is regulating important parts of the production of eyes in these various phyla , barring of course a few changes in a few amino acid codes . this dna is therefore genetically inherited ( and we are talking as far back as the common node on the family tree of drosophila fruit flies , squids , and humans ! ) . if this line of argument holds up , we have quite a revolution in thinking on our hands . ( such thinking can of course go far overboard too . ) "" chance lookalikes "" certainly do exist massively . sound symbolism is a typological basis for their recurrence . the too-easy use of "" chance lookalikes "" to reject comparisons can however also be just like the too-easy use of "" substrate "" and many other ways of purporting to explain phenomena , but in reality merely naming them without doing the hard work of really explaining them . as another factual contribution to the discussion of greenberg 's errors , bob rankin clarified for me at the aaa meetings that he had looked at greenberg 's original notebooks , and that apparently what happened is that greenberg had a single flexible flap in his notebook bearing the language names , and sheets which he matched up against that to enter data for particular lexical items . this is a mechanism subject to errors of the two pieces of paper slipping vertically relative to each other , and in fact there were rather a large number of such errors . it was errors of rows rather than of columns ( as i loosely had assumed without ever bothering to ask if rows or columns ) . mr . poser originally asked on 9th november whether "" limitations [ of the comparative method ] had been and were being used to justify resistance to proposals of emote relationships . . . "" please take careful note of this wording , as mr . poser changed the wording in his message of 14 december , when he asserts no example has been given . i gave mr . poser an eyewitness account satisfying the wording he used . i stand by that eyewitness account . ( i do not like naming names ever in these matters , but mr . poser 's assertion could be answered only by an eyewitness account . ) none of mr . poser 's supposed rebuttal in his recent message is at all relevant to that claim , though it is relevant to another claim , an absurd one , that i did not make . ( as in his previous message , mr . poser mixes several different wordings of what are quite radically different hypotheses . any extended discussion of these variants would not be relevant to any of our central points , so i omit them . ) to be specific about that absurd claim i did * not * make , i quite agree with mr . poser that some of the same people also criticize greenberg 's hypotheses based on the factual data . i have never denied that , and in fact took pains to refer to other good work by the same people , and have always emphasized the importance of having corrections of data . mr . poser 's conclusion was : ) it thus appears , as i thought , that there are no real examples of perceived ) limitations of the comparative method being used as the basis for rejecting ) proposals of genetic affiliation . since i gave an eyewitness account of such an example of the perceived limitations being used as one basis for rejecting proposals of genetic affiliation , mr . poser can only maintain his original assertion by converting it into a different assertion as he has here , namely that there is no case of a person using those perceived limitations as "" the "" ( read "" the only "" ) basis for rejecting such proposals . i will simply repeat that in the case to which i was eyewitness , the tone of the presentation was quite clear that the absurdity of the time depth was sufficient * * * in and of itself * * * to rule out the legitimacy of attempting such distant comparison . ( a critique of errors in greenberg 's data is not directly relevant to this point , even if engaged in by the same person . ) apparently mr . poser wants his allies to be persons who not only do good work , but also do nothing wrong . but we cannot posit such a division between the "" holy "" and the "" unclean "" , like the caste distinctions of traditional india . no one has the right to take such a position vis a vis other good-faith researchers , however much they may disagree with data , results , or methods . i gather from some conversations at the aaa that some of the people involved have become more moderate since the earlier years in these matters , at least in their public statements . that is certainly all to the good . there are also small beginnings of developments of method which may turn out to be relevant to our current limitations . i am perplexed by mr . poser 's discussion of the supposed rule of using only three-consonant matches never merely two-consonant matches . although i used siouxan - yuchi , because some amerindianists are considering this , the point does not depend in the slightest on whether one believes these two particular nodes are related or not . perhaps someone can propose another alternative ( i would suggest looking for one in tibeto - burman , where perhaps only one consonant , one vowel , and tone would be available , and yet the genetic relations are in some cases secure . ) i agree with mr . poser that it is better to have three consonants than two , and precisely because it helps to avoid chance resemblances . as i stated in the previous message . that means that the only difference between us is that mr . poser will consider treating the preferred method ( 3 consonants ) as the only permitted one : ) if ( probably contrary to fact ) , matches of three consonants are ) necessary to exclude chance , . . . i do not see why we should be ) unwilling , in that case , to conclude either that they are not ) related or that , if they are , the relationship is not demonstrable . the problem here is the notion that such a particular rule * could even conceivably * be "" necessary to exclude chance "" . no rule is necessary to exclude chance . a large number of procedures and methods can * * * help * * * to exclude chance . except in the most difficult cases of all , probably most single rules can be violated , and there will still be enough other ways of excluding chance that a good result can be achieved . it is this fossilization in the response to expansions of the methods available as part of "" the comparative method "" which is damaging to increasing the rigor as well as the power of our field . it is encouraging to see sessions on distant language relationships . i firmly believe some of these sessions would not be occurring nor would there be so much work on studying methods , if greenberg had not published that book . some of the growth of interdisciplinary cooperation and communication was also in the process of happening anyway , and greenberg just accidentally published at this time . ( i am not trying to credit him with causing all of this interest . ) i particularly liked john colarusso 's contribution to the eurasian session , because he outlined his views on why distant language comparisons are very difficult because of the progressive loss of data , yet he is not in the business of criticizing people who attempt these . he is in the business of himself contributing to a deepening of both linguistic and mythological comparisons as much as he can in areas which are still to a great extent uncharted . johanna nichols also provoked much thought with her methods , and ways of integrating more information on peripheries vs . centers of innovation and residue of repeated waves of innovation visible even at the peripheries , as a pattern to look for in projecting a homeland backwards in time . i am somewhat skeptical about very distant language comparisons which involve only identities of sound correspondence , precisely because it is so easy for this approach to select a very old but still relatively more recent layer of borrowings ( more recent than the node on the family tree we may be struggling to find a way to reach ) . as greenberg pointed out , an increase in the number of conditioning contexts over time , once it approaches the number of lexical items available for comparison , leads to the result that there are virtually no recurrences of exactly the same sound correspondences . please see a separate message on how we can sharpen our tools to deal with this , titled "" typology of historical change "" . this means that i start out somewhat skeptical about alan bomhard 's nostratic and similar comparisons , precisely because he uses only or preferentially sound correspondences of identity . but that may be my personal bias , and i may end up granting that such a strictness of sound correspondences can actually work over great time depths . i cannot presume to know . there was one session i did not attend but report here from the abstract , in which researchers reported results of mitochondrial dna studies of the various native american populations . as expected , eskimo and athabaskan were separable ( one variety each ? ) . the remainder of native american populations shared four varieties of mitochondrial dna , either without subgrouping , or perhaps in two major subgroups . bob rankin did attend and says that the authors in their presentation had come down on the side of two major subgroups . population genetics need not match language directly , but the data is still at least interesting and obliquely relevant . . . lloyd anderson
",0
828,"Subject: open letter to * language *
 
 on my own behalf and that of william c . baxter , victoria a . fromkin , jane h . hill , larry hutchinson , richard hudson , michael b . kac , d . terence langendoen , winfred p . lehmann , edgar c . polome , karl v . teeter , and thomas wasow i wish to post the following open letter to * language * , the official journal of the lsa . if anybody else would like to sign , please contact me . alexis manaster ramer - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - on open letter to * language * we , the undersigned members of the linguistic society of america , work in a wide variety of subfields and theoretical orientations in linguistics . nevertheless , we have come together to urge that * language * take notice of a work of scholarship which has to date received very little discussion or review . the work in question is the late v . m . illich - svitych 's * opyt sravnenija nostraticheskikh jazykov * . it seems to us that considerable interest attaches to theories of "" distant "" linguistic relationships ( as evidenced , for example , by the ongoing controversy , so well reflected in * language * , about the amerind hypothesis ) and about the methodological and theoretical issues that arise in connection with the question of whether such relationships can ever be demonstrated . whether illich - svitych 's work ultimately turns out to be right , partly right , utterly wrong , or simply incapable of verification or refutation , we believe it should be reviewed since many of us do not read russian and have not been able to read the work in question . we are aware that a number of linguists in the field have negative views of this work which makes it even more important that * language * publish a review , a review article , a debate between a supporter and an opponent of the hypothesis , or some other suitable opportunity for the membership of the lsa to have the existence of this work acknowledged - - and the issues which it raises vented - - in an open , public , and scholarly fashion .
",0
829,"Subject: on vacation
 
 dear subscribers : it 's the holiday season here in the usa , so we want to extend good wishes for the festive season and also to let you know that linguist will be "" on vacation "" from december 20 ( midnight ) to january 5 , 1995 . we ' re taking a break this year because we have been plagued with technical problems all semester : first our mailer started wildly duplicating and triplicating messages ; then we began having problems ( still unsolved ) telnetting from emu to texas a&m ; and now we are being moved to a new machine at texas a&m . ( come to think of it - - why did we say this was going to be a "" holiday "" ? ? ) we will be spending the break doing what we can to ensure that 1995 is less technically "" interesting "" . we want to thank all of you who have been patient with late postings , duplicate postings , and lost messages from september to december . and we wish to extend hearty thanks to our assistant editors , ron reck , ljuba veselinova , liz bodenmiller , and ann dizdar , who have manned the front lines in our battle with technology : it is because of their excellent work that linguist was able to continue all semester despite the revolt of the machines . some of you may be interested to know that linguist now has 5700 subscribers , who have posted this year 's 1500 messages from approximately 60 different countries . may all 5700 of you have a prosperous and happy new year ! helen & anthony
",0
830,"Subject: re : 5 . 1470 open letter to _ language _
 
 many readers of linguist ( and of language ) are , as the open letter indicates , interested in methodological issues that come up in efforts to establish very distant linguistic relationships like nostratic . although it 's true that language has published no review of illich - svitych 's books - - the scholar who agreed to review them has not yet submitted the promised review - - research in the same tradition has been reviewed in the journal : see bernard comrie 's review of starostin 's book on altaic and japanese in language 69 : 828-832 ( 1993 ) . the methodological issues involved in the altaic & japanese case are the same as the issues involved in the nostratic case , so i ' m puzzled by the open-letter signers ' apparent belief that the russian approach to these issues has received no attention in language . sarah thomason editor , language
",0
831,"Subject: ijcai95 workshop on context in nlp
 
 call for papers ijcai-95 workshop on context in natural language processing august 19 , 20 , or 21 , 1995 montreal , canada correct interpretation of natural language utterances and texts requires linguistic and non-linguistic context . the goal of this workshop is to investigate the nature of context in natural language , its role in natural language processing , and shed some light on this largely unexplored area of great theoretical and practical importance . dialogue and text processing are two application domains where the lack of good theories of context impedes significant progress in applying and developing new technologies . as speech technology matures , it becomes technically feasible to build dialogue systems . however , understanding dialogues , and especially multimodal dialogues , is not possible without some account of the role of context . similarly , with today 's text processing technology it is feasible to automatically create knowledge bases from fairly unconstrained texts such as newspaper archives . ignoring context in such texts , however , results in knowledge bases that are not only very incomplete , but also dramatically different from knowledge bases created by humans , based on the same texts . we invite papers from researchers active in the fields of natural language processing , knowledge representation , and other related areas addressing theoretical aspects of context and their implications for designing practical nlp systems . we are interested in reports on implemented nlp systems utilizing contextual information . we are also interested in knowledge representation systems , inference methods , and algorithms that would allow one to computationally handle specific aspects of context . agenda : our workshop will provide answers and insights into how to go about answering a number of questions , including the following : i : role of context in natural language what is context ? what is "" context of the previous utterance / sentence "" "" context of the dialog-so - far / text-so - far "" and what is the relationship between them ? how many different contexts are there ? what makes two contexts different ? what is the relationship between formalization of context and natural language ideas of context ? what is the status of context in a formal representation aiming at truthfully capturing all the characteristics of natural language ? is context an inherent characteristic of natural language that ultimately decides the formal power of natural language ? is natural language minus context a less powerful formal language ? does representing context and truthfully capturing characteristics of natural language require new knowledge representation or automated reasoning systems ? what is the relationship between context , and the semantics and pragmatics of natural language ? is context different from possible worlds and situations ? what is the relationship between domain ontologies and contexts ? ii : context-dependent interpretation of natural language in which way does context affect interpretation of natural language utterances and texts ? which aspects of context or which contexts result in refined , more general , and different interpretations of natural language ? which aspects of context are explicit and which are implicit in natural language utterances and texts ? which phenomena and inferences observed in natural language are context-independent and which ones always depend on context ? iii : computability does handling context increase or decrease computational complexity of natural language processing ? how to automatically identify context-provided constraints resulting in conveying and understanding additional or different aspects of information ? how to represent those extra constraints provided by context and how to automatically compute context-dependent interpretation of natural language ? should the final interpretation of natural language be decontextualized when stored in a knowledge base ? how can information obtained in one context be utilized in another , possibly unanticipated context ? workshop format : we will hold four sessions : i : role of context in natural language ii : context - dependent interpretation of natural language iii : computability iv : general discussion sessions i , ii , and iii will be mildly structured : first , the committee will present a brief overview of possible answers to the specific questions included in the agenda , and discuss their own answers . this presentation will be mixed with questions from the participants . second , the participants whose papers were accepted will briefly comment on their own answers to these questions . these presentations will also be mixed with questions from the participants . session iv , a general discussion , will give each participant a chance to make a statement about any context-related issue , make a comment , raise a question , argue for or against some answers etc . pre-worshop activities : a pre-workshop mailing list will be established ; please , indicate whether you want to be included ; in order to facilitate interaction and focus the discussion , two months before the workshop , we will provide all the participants with specific examples and data illustrating various aspects of context . authors + titles + abstracts of the accepted papers , but not the papers themselves , will be available on-line to everybody . the papers will only be available to the workshop participants . we hope that this will encourage people to make strong claims even if the support for them is not quite there , report on partial , ongoing , promising research , be frank in evaluating existing approaches and their own accomplishments , openly comment on limitations , in short , say all those ( very ) informative things that are sometimes difficult , if not impossible , to communicate in "" official "" publications . shared data , references , papers and the mailing list are to allow the participants to : - sort out as many as possible things before the workshop - help focusing the workshop discussion on the hardest and most controversial issues - raise objections and bring up controversial claims early on in order to prepare well thought of answers and constructive critique participants : a limited number , 30 or so , active participants will be selected on the basis of submitted papers . a small number , 5 or so , of no-paper - attendance-only participants will also be considered ; such persons should submit a one page research summary and a list of relevant publications . attendees are required to register for the main ijcai-95 conference . schedule / deadlines : very soon mosaic home page for the workshop set 3 . 15 . 95 papers received 4 . 03 . 95 selected papers accepted participants chosen 4 . 05 . 95 acceptance notifications sent to authors sent to ijcai selected papers to be included in the working notes list of confirmed participants request for equipment / room 4 . 15 . 95 mosaic home page for the workshop updated e-mail discussion begins 5 . 01 . 95 distributed to the participants final list of specific issues to be discussed at the workshop references to the existing work on context examples and data illustrating various aspects of context 7 . 15 . 95 final list of participants sent to ijcai 8 . 19 . 95 workshop takes place 12 . 01 . 95 written review of the workshop ready paper format : same as ijcai-95 : 12 pt article latex style 15 pages maximum , including title , abstract , figures , and references the first page must include : title author 's name ( s ) affiliation complete mailing address e-mail address phone / fax number ( s ) abstract of 200 or so words keywords submissions : electronic submissions are strongly preferred : direct : anonymous ftp to ftp . cs . wayne . edu ~ pub / context directory place the postscript or ascii version of your paper , your author + title + abstract ascii file , your references ( bibtex format preferred ) file , and a file with sample data and / or specific examples please , name your files with the name of the first author . for example , john block might place there the following : block . ps a . ps version of his paper block . text an ascii version of his paper if . ps not possible block-a . text an ascii file with authors names , title , and abstract block-r . bbl a bibliography file with references block-e . text an ascii file with sample data and / or specific examples email : lucja @ cs . wayne . edu as the last resort , four hard copies of the paper can be snail mailed to lucja iwanska department of computer science wayne state university detroit , mi 48202 , usa ( 313 ) 577-1667 ( phone ) ( 313 ) 577-2478 ( secretary ) ( 313 ) 577-6868 ( fax ) info about the workshop and the abstracts of the accepted papers is available via a mosaic home page at http : / / www . cs . wayne . edu / context primary contact : should you have any questions or need additional information , please contact lucja iwanska department of computer science wayne state university detroit , mi 48202 lucja @ cs . wayne . edu ( 313 ) 577-1667 ( phone ) ( 313 ) 577-2478 ( secretary ) ( 313 ) 577-6868 ( fax ) program committee : harry c . bunt , kub - university ( netherlands ) keith devlin , saint mary 's college ( usa ) r . v . guha , microelectronics and computer technology corporation ( usa ) lucja iwanska , wayne state university ( usa ) karen jensen , microsoft corporation ( usa ) john mccarthy , stanford university ( usa ) john f . sowa , suny at binghampton ( usa ) wlodek zadrozny , ibm tj watson research center ( usa )
",0
832,"Subject: 2nd cfp : kruse symposium : knowledge retrieval , use and storage for
 
 please find below the 2nd cfp for kruse . a postscript version can be ftp ' ed ftp . cs . rmit . edu . au / pub / rmit / peirce / kruse . ps . z also the kruse home page on the world wide web is http : / / www . cs . rmit . edu . au / kruse / regards , gerard - - gerard ellis ged @ cs . rmit . edu . au ph : 61 - 3-660 - 5090 fax : 61 - 3-662 - 1617 rm : 10 . 9 . 11 www : http : / / www . cs . rmit . edu . au / ~ ged computer science dept , royal melbourne institute of technology , gpo box 2476v , melbourne , victoria , 3001 , australia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( cut here ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2nd call for papers international kruse symposium _ _ _ knowledge retrieval , use , and storage for efficiency _ _ _ university of california , santa cruz august 11-13 1995 important dates submission postmark deadline february 13 , 1995 notification of acceptance april 12 , 1995 camera-ready copy june 12 , 1995 theme the symposium will provide a forum for exploring current research in artificial intelligence , cognitive science , and databases that pertains to the organization , encoding and retrieval of logical and complex objects . the symposium will draw together researchers from diverse disciplines as well as practitioners engaged in developing real object-oriented term classification systems . mathematical and graph - theoretic approaches will be favoured over those approaches based on analogy with human cognitive processes , though mathematical discussions of such processes will be appropriate . the basic questions to be addressed include o classification of objects in a taxonomy : systemic classification , semantic indexing , partial-order sorting , description identification , and taxonomy maintenance . o efficient order , lattice , graph , and code theoretic operations on objects : subsumption , generalization , specialization , least common generalization , and greatest common specialization . o advanced uses of taxonomies : knowledge compression , knowledge compilation , and knowledge evolution . o using classified knowledge : classification as problem solving , classification as constraint satisfaction , and exploiting abstraction . o scalable techniques for large object databases o integration of data and knowledge base technologies the symposium will maintain a balance between theoretical issues and descriptions of implemented systems providing a balance between theory and practice . the focus of the symposium is on efficiency of retrieval , use and storage . authors ' information papers may not exceed 15 pages . shorter , substantive papers are welcome . authors are requested to submit five ( 5 ) copies of their paper . alternatively , electronic submissions ( by ftp or email ) of papers ( postscript output ) are encouraged . submission by ftp : please place in ftp . cs . rmit . edu . au incoming directory . authors are further requested to attach title pages to their submissions bearing their names , addresses , telephone numbers , fax numbers and e-mail addresses . in addition , authors are asked to include abstracts of approximately twenty ( 20 ) lines with each paper , and a list of short phrases descriptive of the content . papers must be postmarked on or before monday february 13 , 1995 . address : kruse c / o gerard ellis computer science dept . rmit gpo box 2476v , melbourne , vic 3001 australia email : ged @ cs . rmit . edu . au ph : 61 - 3-660 - 5090 fax : 61 - 3-662 - 1617 organizing committee : veronica dahl ( co - chair ) gerard ellis , rmit ( program chair ) director , logic and functionall computer science dept . programming group royal melbourne univ of technology professor , computing sciences dept . gpo box 2476 , melbourne , vic 3001 simon fraser university australia burnaby , b . c . v5a 1s6 canada veronica @ cs . sfu . ca ged @ cs . rmit . edu . au phone ( 604 ) 291-3372 phone : 61 - 3-660 - 5090 fax ( 604 ) 291-3045 fax : 61 - 3-662 - 1617 andrew fall ( co - chair ) robert levinson ( local arrangements chair ) school of computing science dept . of computer & information sciences simon fraser university 229 applied sciences building burnaby , b . c . v5a 1s6 canada university of california fall @ cs . sfu . ca santa cruz , ca 95064 u . s . a . phone : ( 604 ) 291-4302 levinson @ cis . ucsc . edu fax : ( 604 ) 291-3045 phone : ( 408 ) 429-2087 fax : 459-4829 program committee : mohan ahuja ( usa ) robert levinson ( usa ) hassan ait - kaci ( canada ) patrick lincoln ( usa ) franz baader ( germany ) robert macgregor ( usa ) yves caseau ( france ) deborah mcguinness ( usa ) darrell conklin ( canada ) guy mineau ( canada ) veronica dahl ( canada ) werner nutt ( germany ) francesco donini ( italy ) peter patel - schneider ( usa ) gerard ellis ( australia ) raghu ramakrishnan ( usa ) andrew fall ( canada ) manfred schmidt - schauss ( germany ) brian gaines ( canada ) james schmolze ( usa ) jim hendler ( usa ) gert smolka ( germany ) fritz lehmann ( usa ) leon sterling ( usa ) maurizio lenzerini ( italy ) symposium location the symposium will be held at the university of california , santa cruz in a redwood forest in the santa cruz mountains . the university and conference facilities are retreat style with housing available in family-style apartments residing on the campus . the university is well serviced by buses to downtown santa cruz . the campus , just 10 minutes from the oceanside , overlooks monterey bay , the popular surfing beaches , and you can watch the eagles soar from the birds of prey sanctuary which forms part of the campus . santa cruz is approximately a 90 minute bus ride from san francisco airport and about 45 minutes from san jose . this cfp and the latest information regarding kruse can be found in the world wide web under http : / / www . cs . rmit . edu . au / kruse /
",0
833,"Subject: ausschreibung professur universitaet heidelberg
 
 am sprachwissenschaftlichen institut der universitaet heidelberg ist ab sofort der lehrstuhl fuer allgemeine sprachwissenschaft ( nachfolge prof . dr . klaus heger ) zu besetzen . der bewerber / die bewerberin sollte sich mit den theoretischen und methodologische grundlagen der linguistik nicht nur im rahmen einer einzelsprache , sondern auch im rahmen typologisch unterschiedlicher sprachen beschaeftigt haben . er / sie sollte mit formalen methoden der sprachbeschreibung vertraut sein . seine / ihre forschung soll empirische untersuchungen von teilbereichen des sprachsystems einschliessen , z . b . der semantik . erwartet wird vom zukuenftigen stelleninhaber / der stelleninhaberin die organisation des studienganges allgemeine sprachwissenschaft sowie lehre und pruefungstaetigkeit auf dem gebiet "" empirische und theoretische linguistik "" innerhalb des studienganges computerlinguistik . habilitation oder gleichwertige qualifikation sind voraussetzung . bewerbungen mit den ueblichen unterlagen sind innerhalb von vier wochen zu richten an den dekan der neuphilologischen fakultaet der universitaet heidelberg , hauptstrasse 120 , 69117 heidelberg .
",0
834,"Subject: rate of loss for "" basic "" vocabulary
 
 some months ago there was an extended discussion of the proposal made in the fifties by swadesh that there are certain lists of meanings which have the property that the words expressing them are lost at a fairly constant rate per millennium in all languages , in particular , a certain 100 - meaning list where the rate is around 86 % . while noting that bergsland and vogt have adduced examples where the rate seems to be lower , i pointed out that i had not found any examples where it was clearly higher . jacques guy referred to the eastern greenlandic data discussed by bergsland and vogt in current anthropology in 1962 , but , having just carefully read this paper , i see that they state that , while they surmise that the rate here was higher , they cannot calculate what is was ( presuumably because there are no sources for greenlandic that are old enough ) . moreover , the purely conjectural rate of 72 % which they mention is still low enough for the purposes of the original discussion we were having about this , namely , to assure that in a family with enough ramification there would be a substantial portion of the original vocabulary reflected in at least two descendants after far more than 10 , 000 years ( provided each language was independely losing 28 % of the original vocabulary per millennium ) . i do n't have the numbers handy , but jacques , who is better at this anyway , can probably whip some up . but i should also add that bergsland nd vogt 's data are also consistent with many other assumptions , notably , that the rate of retention in e . greenlandic was 86 % , but that it was substanitally lower in some other eskimo languages ( because all they have is the result that e . greenlandic is as different lexically from w . greenlandic as the two together are from yupik , which makes no sense given the family tree if the rates are the same eveywhere ) . but this could be due to slower vocabulary loss in yupik ( or even in the common ancestror of e . and w . greenlandic , or both ) just as well as to faster loss in e . greenlandic . so there is no justification that i can find for bergsland and vogt 's or guy 's assumption that the "" prolem "" lies in a faster rate of loss in e . greenlandic .
",0
835,"Subject: re : 5 . 1462 comparative method
 
 a couple of remarks on recent exchange on comparative method : 1 ) as far as importance of morphology is concerned i believe that alexis is right ( sorry , karl ! ) . it is important , but i think that it would be impossible to insist that only morphological prallels like latin est , sunt and german ist , sind cited by karl teeter can prove relationship . old church slavic has the parallel forms iest # and so ~ t # , perfectly agreeing with karl teeter 's latin and german . however , in modern russian the present of copula dissapeared ( we can still recognize forms like iest ' and sut ' , but they sound bitterly archaic ) : on student ( he [ is ] student ) , oni studenty ( they [ are ] stu - dents ) . let us imagine the situation when the only surviving slavic language is russian and we just do not have old church slavonic materials . does the lack of the paradigm make russian less "" indoeuropean "" than latin or german , or does it make impossible the proof of its ie nature ? i think that the answer is in the negative . second , alexis is certainly right when he says that a refusal to admit lexical evidence will make impossible to prove that mandarin is related to cantonese or that vietnamese is related to khasi . even worse , we won't be able to state that beijing mandarin is related to xi ' an mandarin , or that hanoi vietnamese is related to saigon vietnamese , as nothing resembling est , sunt / ist , sind can be found in these closely related dialects . moreover , we would have to dismantle the families of north and north east asia as well , since their agglutinative morphology also does not exhibit anything of the kind ie does . therefore , continuing this claim logically to its end , we will have to state that there are around 50 unrelated languages in japan alone , because we have no possibility to prove the genetic relationship of various japanese dialects and subdialects , since they do not have a grammar like ie . there are cases when proof of genetic relationship is based mostly on grammar , but there are cases when it rests solely on lexical items , as well as there are lucky cases like ie when one can demonstrate the relatedness on the basis of both grammar and lexicon . absolutization of any of this cases may lead us to dismissal of pretty well established language families . the cases like "" proto _ english - french "" can actually be easily controlled by using basic voca - bulary in lexical comparisons : no matter how many romance words were borrowed b yenglish , its basic vocabulary is still germanic , which can be easily demon - strated , contrary to those who try to label the very idea of basic vocabulary as "" semantic primitive "" . 2 ) geoffrey pullum writes : ) i wonder if it would not be a good idea to hear something - - from the defenders of wide-ranging and large-time - depth comparison , prefererably - - concerning what would count as evidence against a genetic relationship ? the same things as in case of lower-level comparisons : either lack of regular phonetic correspondences , or lack of enough number of cognates , representing basic vocabulary items and / or basic morphological markers , established on the basis of these regular correspondences . this is why i , not being amerindianist myself , cannot believe in amerind : greenberg did not present any correspondences at all , and his whole method of "" mass comparisons "" is in direct violation of traditional and conservative comparative methodology . therefore , i would side with greenberg opponents on this matter . but i believe that it is absolutely unfair to put illich - svitych in one company with greenberg and ruhlen , as geoffrey pullum does in his posting . illich - svitych work starts with charts of phonetic correspondences , which do work regularly throughout his 3 - volume work , and is , therefore , in sharp contrast with greenberg 's "" mass comparisons "" . the whole work , at least in the areas i can judge of ( altaic and uralic ) is done with painstaiking care and accuracy , reflecting the state of the art , contemporary to the time when his work was done ( sixties ) . may be the opponents of long-range compa - rison should at last familiarize themselves with works of illich - svitych , dolgopol 's kii and others , which as i believe represent a successful long-range comparative work ( though it does not necessarily mean that i agree with all illich - svitych 's proposals : many things remain to be done ) , rather then to repeat the groundless allegations in illich - svitych address , and come forward with some concrete arguments against his work , rather than general statements that illich - svitych 's work is like greenberg 's or that there is a ceiling to the comparative method . sincerely , sasha vovin avvovin @ miamiu . acs . muohio . edu
",0
836,"Subject: comparative method and geoff pullum
 
 i have a problem : geoff 's posting sounds like it assumes ( a ) that there are only two sides to the issues under discussion and ( b ) that one of them is "" orthodox "" and the other one ( the i am on , apparently ) little short of crazy , the suggestion being that those who defend the idea that there are linguistic relationships to be discovered beyond the ones which were known in 1840 or some such cut-off date ( the so-called "" remote "" or "" distant "" connections ) might go so far as to accept that all of greenberg 's muskogean data are wrong and yet to maintain that muskogean is amerind ( without citing any new data ! ) . i think the reality is quite different . for example , victor golla , karl teeter , and i ( although we have been debating some methodological issues relevant to nostratic ) are actually very close on most issues ( except the ones under discussion , apparently ) and in particular on most issues concerning the proposed amerind grouping . there are lots of historical linguists with different ( and crossclassifying ! ! ) views on these matters ( for example , eric hamp has been widely quoted on his views against nostratic , yet he has been a staunch defender of altaic and of a connection between luoravetlan and eskimo - aleutian ; many of those who like nostratic do not like amerind ; and so on . i think each case deserves to be examined on its merits , the whole idea of contrasting "" orthodox "" ( or "" mainstream "" ) with "" remote "" or "" distant "" comparisons is without foundation and can lead to further needless polarization , and finally i feel that methodological issues and substantive ones should be discussed separately ( and that the latter are the more important , even if the former are often the more seductive ) . and to close on a positive note ( consonant with the spirit of the season ) , if karl teeter and i can reach the point where our major remaining disagreements are ( a ) whether in principle one could or could not write a comparative grammar of anglo - french , and ( b ) whether in fact the work done to date on nostratic is sufficient to taking it as a working hypothesis that at least indo - european , uralic , altaic , kartvelian , and afro - asiatic are related and going further , then i think we have achieved considerable progress ( and i am not even sure we even disagree about these points any more , for as the discussion goes on , more and more mutual misunderstandings seem to disappear ) . there will , of course , remain a lot of hard work to be done , on these and even more on other language families , but i do not see why the inevitable disagreements should be considered any more of a problem than the disagreements within the indo - europeanist community about the different versions of the laryngeal theory or about the glottalic theory , etc .
",0
837,"Subject: re : 5 . 1462 comparative method
 
 geoff pullum has raised the question of the null hypothesis with respect to proto - world and long-distance relatedness . i would suggest that the lack of progress in the dispute may be due in part to the conflict between two ways of setting the null hypothesis . a priori , in terms of evoutionary considerations , long range relationships going back to a single ancestor are to be expected : this point has been made by numerous linguists in discussion , if not so often in print . however , methodological considerations force us to set the null hypothesis the other way , since we clearly cannot disprove long-distance relatedness . the problem is analogous to medical disputes : there are plenty of researchers who would like to show once and for all that homeopathy , acupuncture etc . are of no benefit in the treatment of the illnesses for which such effects are claimed . but all that can be said is that we have no scientifically respectable evidence that homeopathy works ( please note that this is a purely methodological point - i do n't want to see linguist cluttered with replies disputing the homeopathic facts ! ) the greenbergian dispute is even less likely to be resolved by disproving long-distance relatedness hypotheses than the homeopathic one , since in the latter case one can at least do controlled trials : while there have been proposals on controlling for chance similarities , there will always be too many variables involved for the greenbergian null hypothesis to be refuted . steve matthews
",0
838,"Subject: re : 5 . 1462 comparative method
 
 two quick off-the - cuff responses to messages herein : to geoff pullum , asking what would count as evidence against amerind ( and , presumably , nostratic ) . i can't imagine ; that is just the advantage those folks have . suppose somebody claims , "" there is a god "" . similarly i know no way to disprove the tower of babel story . genetic relationship is a positive fact ; and you gotta accentuate the positive ; languages are or they are not genetically related ; do n't mess with mister in-between . note to alexis , who keeps talking about "" morphological evidence "" where i use the term "" grammar "" . alexis 's usage comes from his quoting meillet - - for meillet the word "" morphologie "" means essentially what we now call grammar , which includes syntax and phonology , and we know more about it than he did ( thanks to chomsky ) . among other things , we know that if proto - nostratic is a language , it has a grammar . merry xmas , karl
",0
839,"Subject: re : 5 . 1462 comparative method
 
 geoffrey pullum writes : ) i wonder if it would not be a good idea to hear something - - ) from the defenders of wide-ranging and large-time - depth comparison , ) preferably - - concerning what would count as evidence against a genetic ) relationship ? well , what is known about how various hypotheses of relationship were rejected in the past ? at one time , it was believed that tai was part of sino - tibetan ; nobody believes this now . on what basis did those learned in the art shift their paradigms ( to mix a few metaphors ) ? i know very little about either language family , but the resemblances between them ( tones , monosyllabicity , the great tone split ) are seductive . i think it would be instructive to hear , from someone who knows the history , just how these faux amis came to be disregarded . john cowan sharing account ( lojbab @ access . digex . net ) for now e ' osai ko sarji la lojban .
",0
840,"Subject: comparative syntax
 
 on mon , 12 dec 94 21 : 04 : 31 est ( amr @ ares . cs . wayne . edu ) wrote : ) subject : comparative syntax ) while i really like most of what scott delancey had to say about ) syntactic reconstruction usually being based on clues buried in ) the morphology ( or morphophonology ) , i do n't think this is always ) the case . there is a rather famous example involving a rule of ) ancient greek and one variety of old iranian ( the languages of ) the gatha 's , i seem to recall ) , whereby a neuter pl . subject ) triggers sg . agreement on a verb , a pattern which is often ) reconstructed for the proto-language because , as i understand it , ) of its apparent oddity . this reconstruction is not logically ) dependent , i do n't believe , on the identity of the actual morphemes ) marking gender , number , and person in these languages . ) ) i would think that there are many such quirks of syntax which ) could be the basis of a reconstruction . the phenomenon mentioned for ancient greek - - that can apply as well to latin - - does n't appear to be a ( < quirk of syntax ) > . rather than being _ apparently odd _ and motivated by a _ rule _ of invariable agreement , it should be regarded as a ( < quirk of meaning ) > . while neuter pl . subjects , still showing in ancient greek and latin evidence of an ancient collective case , have * usually * triggered sg . agreement on a verb , numerous examples show that this pseudo rule was n't always observed , and that semantic considerations , most of the time - - moreover , metrical reasons for poets - - , have governed the agreement ( syllepsis ) . thus i do not believe ( < quirks of syntax [ at least this one in particular ] could be the basis of a reconstruction ) > . la plupart sont d ' accord , n ' est-ce pas ? ( not literally : what about french ? ) regards , philippe l . valiquette universite laval , dep . linguistique ( phlcvali @ vm1 . ulaval . ca ) ( philippe . valiquette @ lli . ulaval . ca )
",0
841,"Subject: sum : clitic doubling in spanish
 
 to the linguist readers , some weeks ago , i posted a query about clitic doubling in spanish . i received a very useful response , so i would like to thank : jairo morais nunes alan huffman josemina magdalen philip elliot jelly julia de jong jerzy kowal joel nevis cynthia vakareliyska jose miguel gon ~ i menayo almeida jacqueline toribio david gohre dan everett my best regards , rocio , rocio jimenez , rjimenez @ mailbox . syr . edu . - - - - - - - - - andrews , "" unification and morphological blocking "" , nllt : 8 , 4 , 1990 , pp . 507-557 . borer , hagit . parametric syntax . case studies in semitic & romance languages . dordrecht - holland : foris publications , 1984 . bresnan , joan and sam ~ a . mchombo . 1987 . topic , pronoun , and agreement in chiche . language , 63 ( 4 ) : 741-782 . bresnan , joan and lioba moshi . 1990 . object asymmetries in comparative bantu syntax . linguistic inquiry , 21 ( 2 ) : 147-186 . franco , jon andoni . on object agreement in spanish . dissertation , university of southern california , 1993 . garcia , erica . the role of theory in linguistics analysis : the spanish pronoun system . amsterdam : north - holland publishing company , 1975 . grimshaw , jane . 1982 . subcategorization and grammatical relations . in a . zaenen , ed . bloomington , ind . : indiana university linguistics club . issues and theory in romance linguistics . selected papers from the linguistic symposium on romance languages xxiii . 1993 . georgetown university press . washington , dc . jaeggli , osvaldo . topics in romance syntax . dordrecht - holland : foris publications , 1982 . montalbetti , mario . 1981 . consistency and clitics . ms . , massachusetts institue of technology . roberge , yves . the syntactic recoverability of null arguments . mcgill - queen 's university press , 1990 . sunner , nllt 6 ( 1988 ) . vakareliyska , cynthia . "" na - drop in bulgarian "" , journal of slavic linguistics 2 ( 1 ) : 121-150 ( 1994 ) .
",0
842,"Subject: final call for scil vii
 
 f i n a l c a l l f o r p a p e r s seventh annual student conference in linguistics scil 1995 call for papers university of connecticut , storrs , ct april 8 - 9 , 1995 students are invited to submit abstracts for 30 minute talks ( 20 minute presentation plus 10 minutes for questions ) in all areas of theoretical linguistics , including language acquisition and psycholinguistic studies . students may submit one individual and one joint abstract . please send the following by january 3 , 1995 ( abstracts received after this date will not be considered ) : - six copies of an anonymous abstract , no more than two pages in length , with 1 "" margins and 12 point font ; the second page should not be limited to data and references . and - a 3 "" x 5 "" card with the title of the paper , name and affiliation of author ( s ) , mailing address ( es ) , phone number ( s ) and e-mail address ( es ) . email submissions will be allowed to : linqadm5 @ uconnvm . bitnet or linqadm5 @ uconnvm . uconn . edu . please send all other submissions to : scil7 , university of connecticut , department of linguistics , 341 mansfield rd , u-145 , storrs , ct 06269-1145 . if you have any questions , please do n't hesitate to contact us at the above email or post addresses , or call ( 203 ) 486-4229 .
",0
843,"Subject: comparative method
 
 just as morris halle once pointed out that any phonological system could be analyzed as having two phonemes , so too it seems clear that any two languages , related or not , could have a reconstruction done for them , involving both a set of correspondences among the words or morphemes and a comparative grammar . and just as in fact a phonology with only two phonemes would be just a formal excersise and not a real phonology , so too the "" reconstruction "" i am referring to would have no validity unless the languages really are related ( or in the case of mixed languages , unless the relevant parts were related ) . but the formal possibility is important to the following extent : it shows that we cannot assume that the ability to write a comparative grammar is either necessary or sufficient for showing that the languages in question are related . it is the ability to write a convincing comparative gramm ` r that is significant here , but by the same token language relatedness can be sjown by establishing a convincing set of correspodences between suitable sets of words or morphemes of the languages being compared . i will even conceded that it is harder , in general , to be convincing in the case of a comparative grammar than it is in the case of a set of correspondences ( since the former would seem to include the latter plus a lot more ) . but what no one has yet shown here or anywhere else is that the only way to establish language relatedness is by writing a complete comparative grammar , and even meillet conceded by 1925 that you cannot even demand a fragment of a grammar because there are perfectly well-established families where this either has not been or indeed cannot be done . it is another matter 9and ultimately a more interesting one ) that significant amount of grammatical comparison ( though not a whole grammar ) has been offered for nostratic ( a theory i find likely though perhaps not yet established ) as well as for amerind ( a theory which i find basically as unsupported as do karl and victor , for example ) . and it is perhaps not uninteresting that illich - svitych proposed to write a nostratic comparative grammar but never did , much as sapirpromised to write one for uto - aztecan but failed to ( though we should in all fairness note that sapir lived for another two decades , whereas illich - svitych died without even finishing the lexical and morphemic comparisons which are the bulk of the evidence that we have in the public domain for nostratic ) . this is no criticism of sapir , of course , if we agree that there was no need to write a comparatve grammar of uto - aztecan in order for everybody to be able to see that the uto - aztecan languages are related . just as there is no need for this in the case of nostratic 9and indeed given the age of proto - nostratic , if there was such a language , it seems unlkikely that we will ever have more than a very partial grammar
",0
844,"Subject: "" syntax and the comparative method
 
 concerning syntax and the comparative method : if i understand it correctly , amr @ ares . cs . wayne . edu ( no name ) apparently believes that under certain circumstances one can indeed use syntax as part of the comparative method and cites among other things , the case of a neuter plural in classical greek and old iranian used with a verb in the singular and its possible implications for a similar structure in the proto - language . while i do in theory believe that a particular construction can indeed survive the ravages of time and give us clues to the syntax of earlier levels , this must always be the last criterium we apply and can almost never be used as a sort of proof - unless of course , ( i believe scott de lancey mentioned it , but i ' m not sure ) we can show that , for example , all ergative case endings ( i believe the example was tibeto - burman ) can be traced back to a common form and the morphology , when reconstructed from the 'd aughter ' languages , conclusively points , in this case , to an ergative ' mother ' language . otherwise , john cowan seems to have summed it up best , citing robbin burling 's book : man 's many voices . . . just as every language at one point or another borrows lexemes from another langauge , there are literally thousands of examples of langauges borrowing syntactic constructions from other languages , whether substrats or not - even english has a good share of these borrowings . we cannot forget that an extremely large portion of the world 's population is by necessity bi - or tri-lingual , many of whom cannot even read their own native language , not to mention the other ( s ) or have any kind of linguistic training or sensiti - vity and would therefore pay much attention as to what language a particular construction comes from . there are also the famous ' sprachbunds ' , such as the balkan area and to a certain extent south asia , where through everyday necessity , a large part of the population speaks at least two langauges , as was shown in the case of the village along the maharastra - mysore boundary , ( mentioned by john cowan above ) where one can translate word-for - word from one language into another , although the languages are not - strictly speaking - related . in this case , though , it does n't even seem to make sense to speak of language families . in my opinion , the only possible connection is that of language contact or sprachbund . maybe that is part of the problem - what are ' related ' languages , anyway ? we must also remember that this process has undoubtedly been going on ever since people could speak . it would n't be difficult to propose , going back to our starting point , a theoretical language contact area for greek and iranian . for example , georgian , at least the modern language , only uses the plural verb for humans . although objects can appear in the plural , the verb appears in the singular . as there have always been greek ' colonies ' throughout the region , one could just as well assume a kind of sprachbund for the whole region at that time , which would be even easier as we know so little about the pre-historic era in that region , making it difficult to disprove . even today , there are certain ' areal ' characteristics such as evidential perfects , and many languages are , or have been at one point , split ergative in the region stretching from nepal to the caucusus , etc . seen in this light , then , we can't really speak of the ' oddity ' of the construction with a neutral plural taking a verb in the singular , which , by the way , in my opinion at least , does have a certain semantic justification and is by no means ' odd ' . concerning indo - aryan , the comparative method applied to syntax would certainly give us the ( wrong ) conclusion that vedic sanskrit was a split-ergative language , as all modern indo - aryan languages except standard oriya and begali ( and assamese ? ) are either ergative or split - ergative languages , and many dialects of these three langauges are also split-ergative languages . as there are several hundred ia ' langauges ' , would n't we be forced to assume that this goes back to the parent language ? but there is also a problem here with the traditional method . we have ( to a large extent ) cognate endings for the ergative case . so why is n't vedic a split-ergative language ? because we have gone back too far . split ergativity is part of the ' parent ' language , but this is presumably to be found in middle indic . for a language family about which we know next to nothing , then , this would certainly lead to tremendous errors . so , it seems to me that , although there are indeed useful insights to be gained by looking at the syntax , it should , as i stated earlier , always be the last criterium , if used at all , in arguing for a kind of genetic relationship . when we have no written history of the peoples of the area , very little in the way of documented sound changes , etc . , we simply cannot say anything yet about the syntactic structure of the proto-language . that will undoubtedly come about in the course of time , but it is just one of many features , none of which alone can ' prove ' anything , except perhaps contact . if there are enough of the ' unlikely ' correspondences ( i . e . ' ist / sind ' and ' est / sunt ' ) , then one can speak with relative security of a genetic relationship , whatever that exactly means . john peterson , kiel , germany
",0
845,"Subject: re : 5 . 1468 comparative method
 
 in response to lloyd anderson 's looooong and interesting disquisition in 5 . 1468 i have the impulse , which i hope the editors of the list will allow , to introduce a light touch ( something i once tried to do at the haas festival conference when discussing my field work , and was excoriated for ) . in reading from lloyd how greenberg had this "" single flexible flap in his notebook bearing the language names , and sheets which he matched up against that to enter data for particular lexical items . this is a mechanism subject to errors . . . "" this brings to mind an anecdote i have heard several times , never daring to ask chas hockett if it were true , in whole or part : when bloomfield was doing menomini , in the 1920s when paper was expensive and linguists were paid even more poorly than now , bloomfield compensated by using each 3x5 slip four times , thus getting maximum entries with minimal use of paper . when his notes were handed on to hockett , in cardboard file boxes of slips all carefully alphabetized , it is said that the movers dropped one box and its slips fell out . . . the rest is best left to imagination , which may be the source of the whole story , for all i know . but i wanted to pass it on in the hope of relieving the tedium i feel from time to time . sorry , folks . yours , karl
",0
846,"Subject: re : 5 . 1484 comparative syntax
 
 since chet creider 's posting of 8 dec rightly corrected some misinformation i gave in my off-the - top-of - the-head posting about karamojong , i decided to make amends by doing a little research ( very little ) to check the rest of what i said . consider it a xmas gift . below is the relevant section of recent nilo - saharan classification ( sudanic : nilotic ) . it 's basically the same as greenberg ( 1963 ) with some refinements in further branching but no rearrangement of limbs . east sudanic has four branches , including eastern and western , then nilotic with three branches , including west , east and south . karamojong belongs to the east branch of the nilotic branch of east sudanic . it is therefore classified as closer to maasai ( maa - lotuko branch ) and bari ( bari branch ) than to the lwo branch of the west branch of nilotic , but no closer to kalenjin , a group in the south branch ( e . g . , nandi ) than to the west branch . the following is a relatively recent classification , such as found in schadeberg 's ( 1981 ) article on nilo - saharanisch . central sudanic : moru - madi - lugbara etc east sudanic : eastern : nubian western : tama , daju kuliak : ik , so nilotic : west : ( some call it north nilotic ) burun : idem nuer - dinka : idem lwoo : north : shilluk , anwak south : achooli , luo east : ( some call it central nilotic ) bari : bari , kakwa etc maa - lotuko : maasai etc teso - turkana : karamojong , jie etc south : kalenjin : nandi - markweta : nandi , tuken elgon : sapiny , pok okiek / dorobo : sogoo etc datoga : etc beside the bewildering array of east and west branches of branches down the sudanic line i can trace my inaccuracy to conolly 's mention of jie . as a language , jie , along with karamojong and various other languages such as teso , are part of the teso - turkana branch of east nilotic . however , in an earlier classification , e . g . , crazzolara ( 1938 ) , jii is the name used for west nilotic ( or at least the current lwo and nuer - dinka branches ) . jii means "" people "" ( or "" ordinary people "" ) in most of the west nilotic languages , hence the classificational name . the dinka call themselves "" jieng ' "" . i suspect that the east nilotic jie ( also spelled "" jiye "" ) is the same word , but i have n't checked if the jie actually call themselves that . african language nomenclature is full of terms not used by the speakers themselves ( but often by sarcastic neighbors , so that , for example , while the dinka evidently see no stigma in their autonym , the achooli use the term somewhat like english uses the term "" the masses "" , cf . hoi polloi ) . just for fun let 's see how accurate what i said was about the numbers from one to ten are . we do n't need six through nine , because they are compounds of five plus numbers under five . the data for most languages are restricted to what i happened to have within reach without doing library research . however , the data for bari and teso ( ateso , in my experience ) are from transcriptions of recordings i made a long time ago in east africa before i even knew how these languages were classified . i do n't have published linguistic data on hand for them . in all cases i have simplified orthography for typographical ease ( losing information ) . for example , the "" h "" following a vowel refers to the retracted ( lax - sounding ) tongue root position of that vowel . the nilotic languages have complex vowel systems with "" tense "" and "" lax "" subsystems . of course , lexical numbers by themselves do not prove anything about genetic af finities . nevertheless , some interesting patterns emerge to compare with the currently accepted classification scheme . west nilotic : achooli anwak luo dinka nuer 1 ace : hl achyehloh achiel tok kehl 2 aryo : h areahu ariyo rou rahu 3 adeek adahgoh adehk diak dyohk 4 ang ' we : hn ang ' wehnoh ang ' wen ng ' wan ng ' wan 5 abiic abiyuh abihch dhiec dye : ch 10 apaar apar apar thiaar wahl the first consonant in ' 5 ' seems to be diagnostic of the distinctness of nuer - dinka from the lwoo group . otherwise , dinka ' 1 ' is wierd , and so is the first consonant of dinka ' 10 ' ( cf . dinka - nuer ' 5 ' ) , but not much wierder than a comparison of indo - european numbers ( cf . germanic ' 4 - 5 ' or slavic ' 9-10 ' ) . reconstruction is not difficult , although you do n't have an accurate transcription of the vowel distinctions ( or tone ) . east and south ( nandi ) nilotic : ( afro - asiatic : cushitic ) bari teso maasai nandi somali 1 kyeling ' diopeti - bo akenge kow ( southern also ' hal ' ) 2 morehk iyere - re aeng lamma 3 msala : iu ~ li - uni somok siddah 4 ingwan iwong ' wahn - ong ' uan angwan afar 5 mukanad ikany imiet mut shan 10 pwahk itomony tomon taman tommon the numbers ' 2 ' and ' 4 ' are consistent with west nilotic . otherwise , lexicon appears to be areally defined . first maasai and nandi seem to have a cognate for west nilotic ' 5 ' . however , maasai is classified with bari and teso as east nilotic . thus , bari and teso seem to share an innovation for ' 5 ' which does not extend to maasai or south nilotic . meanwhile the cognacy of bari ' 3 ' with teso and maasai is questionable , and nandi ' 3 ' is beyond the pale . interestingly , my data for bari has ' 10 ' as given , while greenberg gives bari ' 10 ' as "" mere "" in one of his mass cognate sets ( p . 106 ) . "" pwahk "" fits in with the west nilotic set , but presumably g 's data comes from a published source . ( i have n't loo ked at my data since i transcribed it - - several decades , but i relistened to my bari tape to make sure i had n't transposed the word for ' 10 ' with some other word like ' toothbrush ' . ) by the way , teso is closely related to karamojong so i would expect the numbers to be similar , including the cushitic loan for ' 10 ' , but with doubts about whether karamojong ' 5 ' would follow the maasai or bari - teso pattern . ( gotta go to the library for this one . any volunteers ? ) the word for ' 10 ' in the other east and south nilotic languages was recognised by g as a loan from somali or one of the mutually intelligible galla languages of cushitic . that 's why i gave the somali numbers above . easy to see it would be a lot more difficult to argue for somali as nilotic than for the other languages [ uhm , if their other lexical correspondences behave like their numbers - - which they do . . . g actually uses the example of cushitic multiple of ten in maasai in his arguments against meinhof 's nilo - hamitic hypothesis . cushitic was part of "" hamitic "" in the older terminology ( "" afro - asiatic "" is g 's coinage for older "" semito - hamitic "" ) . . note nubian ' 10 ' below . . thus , g has been as sharp to use arguments about borrowing against his opponents as have his opponents against him . what to do ? east sudanic central sudanic nubian lugbara 1 we : rum aluh 2 awum iri 3 toskum na 4 kemsum su 5 dijum towi 10 dimnum muhdri wow ! numbers do n't help unite nubian as a branch of east sudanic with nilotic . obviously other criteria were used . for superifical impression nubian ' 10 ' looks promising as cognate with south and most of east nilotic , and maybe it is , but that card has already been played non-genetically above - - and with good reason . . g , p106 again , compares bari ' 10 ' "" mere "" with khordofan nubian "" bure "" for the same ) . as central sudanic , lugbara might be expected by the naive to be even more different from nilotic than nubian , but the numbers do n't show that . g uses lugbara ' 2 ' in his mass cognate sets for the unity of central and east sudanic . interestingly , he also uses dinka ' 1 ' , the wierd one for west nilotic , in the same mass cognate sets - - for comparison with ' 10 ' in some central sudanic groups . lots of interesting claims there , e . g . , the most common west nilotic word for "" one "" is not proto - west nilotic , let alone proto - nilotic ( despite the suggestiveness of bari and nandi ' 1 ' above ) . g could be right , for all i know . anyway , i ' m just as interested in the areal cross-currents as in the hypotheses about genetic relationships . thus , other implications emerge from g 's mass comparison s , e . g . , the pan - nilotic word for ' 4 ' must be an areal innovation ( maybe in proto - nilotic ) since it does not occur elsewhere in nilo - saharan , or in any other known language group for that matter . so , ok . we have some pretty strong hypotheses . i have n't followed nilo - saharan studies closely , though nubian , but the numbers do n't show that . g uses lugbara ' 2 ' in his mass cognate sets for the unity of central and east sudanic . interestingly , he also uses dinka ' 1 ' , the wierd one for west nilotic , in the same mass cognate sets - - for comparison with ' 10 ' in some central sudanic groups . lots of interesting claims there , e . g . , the most common west nilotic word for "" one "" is not proto - west nilotic , let alone proto - nilotic ( despite the suggestiveness of bari and nandi ' 1 ' above ) . g could be right , for all i know . anyway , i ' m just as interested in the areal cross-currents as in the hypothese about genetic relationships . thus , other implications emerge from g 's mass comparisons , e . g . , the pan - nilotic word for ' 4 ' must be an areal innovation ( maybe in proto - nilotic ) since it does not occur elsewhere in nilo - saharan , or in any other known language group for that matter . so , ok . we have some pretty strong hypotheses . i have n't followed nilo - sahara n studies closely , though west african niger - congo ( actually the benue - kwa grou p of niger - congo ) . greenberg ( 1963 ) notes that westermann also used the label for various east sudanic languages ( w had done some fieldwork on nilotic ) , beli eving that they were related to the west african niger - congo ( i . e . "" sudanic "" ) l anguages . since i have come across occasional grumblings , begrudging g 's niger - congo hypothesis as lifted from westermann , it is fair to mention that g had t o separate w 's beliefs about "" niger - congo "" from his beliefs about "" sudanic "" . w was , of course , not influential in his beliefs about east sudanic anyway , as t he nilo - hamitic hypothesis was the more influential theory , given the ritual fa scination of european civilisation with its debt to ancient egypt and the near east , until g came along . anyway , to this day there is east and central sudani c , but after g no * west sudanic . in sum , the unity of west nilotic would be evident to even the most rigorous ne o - grammarians , and was , west african niger - congo ( actually the benue - kwa group of niger - congo ) . greenberg ( 1963 ) notes that westermann also used the label fo r various east sudanic languages ( w had done some fieldwork on nilotic ) , believ ing that they were related to the west african niger - congo ( i . e . "" sudanic "" ) lan guages . since i have come across occasional grumblings , begrudging g 's niger - c ongo hypothesis as lifted from westermann , it is fair to mention that g had to separate w 's beliefs about "" niger - congo "" from his beliefs about "" sudanic "" . w w as , of course , not influential in his beliefs about east sudanic anyway , as the nilo - hamitic hypothesis was the more influential theory , given the ritual fasc ination of european civilisation with its debt to ancient egypt and the near ea st , until g came along . anyway , to this day there is east and central sudanic , but after g no * west sudanic . in sum , the unity of west nilotic would be evident to even the most rigorous ne o - grammarians , and was , of them do not practice the selective circularity metho d which g 's method is best equipped to attack . they do not seem to be in a hur ry or even primarily concerned with lumping languages into deeper and deeper pr oto-families . these were , after all , more primary concerns for the use of ling uistic data in the "" history-explains / justifies-everything "" intellectual climate of the 19th century . given the current emphasis on typological detail and uni versals , and the counter-concern with cultural relativity and composite cultura l uniqueness , at least as cherished by amerindists as by any other linguists be cause of the amerindist anthropological tradition , accuracy of data is a paramo unt concern , even if errors are overwhelmed by reliable facts in drawing "" big p ictures "" by the mass comparison method . so , g 's final destination may be a bump on the road for amerindists , or even a different road leading in a different d irection , and an unwelcome distraction - - like a flat tire . benji
",0
847,"Subject: 
 
 call for papers to the workshop connectionist - symbolic integration : from unified to hybrid approaches to be held at ijcai ' 95 montreal , canada august 19-20 , 1994 there has been a considerable amount of research in integrating connectionist and symbolic processing . while such an approach has clear advantages , it also encounters serious difficulties and challenges . therefore , various models and ideas have been proposed to address various problems and aspects in this integration . there is a growing interest from many segments of the ai community , ranging from expert systems , to cognitive modeling , to logical reasoning . two major trends can be identified in the state of the art : these are the unified or purely and the hybrid approaches to integration . whereas the purely connectionist ( "" connectionist-to - the-top "" ) approach claims that complex symbol processing functionalities can be achieved via neural networks alone , the hybrid approach is premised on the complementarity of the two paradigms and aims at their synergistic combination in systems comprising both neural and symbolic components . in fact , these trends can be viewed as two ends of an entire spectrum . up till now , overall , there is still relatively little work in comparing and combining these fairly isolated efforts . this workshop will provide a forum for discussions and exchanges of ideas in this area , to foster cooperative work . the workshop will tackle important issues in integrating connectionist and symbolic processing . a tentative schedule day 1 : a . introduction : * invited talks these talks will provide an overview of the field and set the tone for ensuing discussions . * theoretical foundations for integrating connectionist and symbolic processing b . definition of the two approaches : * do they exhaust the space of current research in connectionist-symbolic integration , or is there room for additional categories ? * how do we compare the unified and hybrid approaches ? * do the unified and hybrid approaches constitute a clearcut dichotomy or are they just endpoints of a continuum ? * what class of processes and problems is well-suited to unified or hybrid integration ? the relevant motivations and objectives . * what type of model is suitable for what type of application ? enumerate viable target domains . c . state of the art : * recent or ongoing theoretical or experimental research work * implemented models belonging to either the unified or hybrid approach * practical applications of both types of systems research addressing key issues concerning : * the unified approach : theoretical or practical issues involving systematicity , compositionality and variable binding , biologically inspired models , connectionist knowledge representation , other high-level connectionist models . * the hybrid approach : modes and methods of coupling , task sharing between various components of a hybrid system , knowledge representation and sharing . * both : commonsense reasoning , natural language processing , analogical reasoning , and more generally applications of unified and hybrid models . day 2 : d . cognitive aspects : * cognitive plausibility and relations to other ai paradigms * in cognitive modeling , why should we integrate connectionist and symbolic processing ? * is there a clear cognitive rationale for such integration ? ( we may need to examine in detail some typical areas , such as commonsense reasoning , and natural language processing ) * is there psychological and / or biological evidence for existing models ? if so , what is it ? e . open research issues : * can we now propose a common terminology with precise definitions for both approaches to connectionist-symbolic integration and for the location on the continuum ? * how far can unified systems go ? can unified models be supplemented by hybrid models ? can hybrid models be supplanted by unified models ? * limitations and barriers faced by both approaches * what breakthroughs are needed for both approaches ? * is it possible to synthesize various existing models ? workshop format - panel discussions - mini-group discussions : participants will break into groups of 7 / 8 to discuss a given theme ; group leaders will then form a panel to report on group discussions and attempt a synthesis with audience participation - interactive talks : this is a novel type of oral presentation we will experiment with . instead of a classical presentation , the speaker will present a problem or issue and give a brief statement of his personal stand ( 5 min ) to launch discussions which he will then moderate and conclude . - classical slide talks followed by q / a and discussions . workshop co - chairs : frederic alexandre , crin - cnrs / inria - lorraine ron sun , the university of alabama organizing committee : john barnden , new mexico state university steve gallant , belmont research inc . larry medsker , american university christian pellegrini , university of geneva noel sharkey , sheffield university program committee : lawrence bookman ( sun laboratory , usa ) michael dyer ( ucla , usa ) wolfgang ertel ( frw , germany ) limin fu ( university of florida , usa ) jose gonzalez - cristobal ( upm , spain ) ruben gonzalez - rubio ( university of sherbrooke , canada ) jean - paul haton ( crin - inria , france ) melanie hilario ( university of geneva , switzerland ) abderrahim labbi ( imag , france ) ronald yager ( iona college , usa ) schedule : - the submission deadline for participants is february 1 , 1995 . - the authors and potential participants will be notified the acceptance decision by march 15 , 1995 . - the camera-ready copies of working notes papers will be due on april 15 , 1995 submission : - if you wish to present a talk , specify the preferred type of presentation ( classical or interactive talk ) and submit 5 copies of an extended abstract ( within the limit of 5 - 7 pages ) to : ron sun department of computer science the university of alabama tuscaloosa , al 35487 rsun @ cs . ua . edu ( 205 ) 348-6363 - if you only wish to attend the workshop , send 5 copies of a short ( no more than one page ) description of your interest to the same address above . - please be sure to include your e-mail address in all submissions .
",0
848,"Subject: shareware mac concordance program available
 
 i am making available a shareware concordance program for the macintosh called monoconc . the program is somewhat slow ( about 70 hits a minute ) , but it handles the basics . monoconc works with text-only files and produces a concordance in a "" key word in context "" format . the search term can be a word ( or part of a word , e . g . linguist * ) or a phrase . the resulting concordance can be sorted 1r ( first right ) , 1l , 2r , and 2l . the amount of context shown in the concordance lines can be adjusted , and clicking on a particular concordance line will bring half a dozen or so lines from the original text into a context window . in addition , a collocation screen gives the number of occurrences of all the words occurring in positions 3l , 2l , 1l , 1r , 2r , and 3r . it is possible to exclude certain words ( e . g . , function words ) from the count . there is also a simple graphical representation of the main collocates . the concordance and collocation results can be saved to a file or printed . i plan to post the program to a couple of ftp sites . ( if you are reading this in january 1995 , then you can try ftping to rice university at ftp . rice . edu . the program will be in the folder pub or pub \ linguistics . alternatively , in the new year you can try john lawler 's linguistics archive at the university of michigan . ) the program ( on a disk ) and a manual can also be purchased from athelstan ( 800-598 - 3880 ) . for those who would like a copy of the program before christmas , i can send a binhex version ( about 1400k ) via email - - assuming i do n't get too many requests . michael barlow barlow @ ruf . rice . edu
",0
849,"Subject: open letter to * language *
 
 sally 's posting in response to the open letter indicates that * language * has decided to have illich - svitych 's book reviewed . that is good news - - unless this refers merely to the fact that late in 1990 or early in 1991 she asked eric hamp to do a review , which to my knowlege he declined to do . if indeed eric hamp is now going to review the book , i will be delighted . but it is not the case ( as some have charged ) that the open letter was written in spite of the fact that the signers knew , or could have found out , that a review was in the works . we were informed that hamp had declined . as recently as march 7 , 1994 , the language advisory committee seemed to have no knowledge of such a review . in response to an appeal from me , the committee urged that * language * do something on this issue , but in july * language * informed me that it would not . this , together with the fact that the incoming editor of * language * told me that he would have to stand by his predecessor 's decision ( something i can quite sympathize with ) is what prompted not just me but a number of distinguished members of the linguistic society to resort to the idea of an open letter . far from wishing to be divisive , i ( and others ) have tried since 1990 to address what we perceived to be a major omission , and to address it without public fanfare . however , this has had no effect . i report this with all due respect to the achievements of * language * under sally 's editorship , respect which i am sure is widely shared . it seems to me that a request that she change an editorial decision can in no way harm that distinguished record . alexis manaster ramer p . s . since the original posting , the following people have asked to have their names added to the signatories of the letter : edith moravcsik sebastian shaumyan david stampe daniel radzinski lloyd b . anderson - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - moderators ' message : we are taking the unaccustomed step of commenting on a discussion , because it 's christmas and we would love to encourage peace on ( the linguistic ) earth if we could . with regard to a review of illich - svitych 's work , all parties agree that : a ) * language * commissioned a review in 1991 b ) the original review is now unlikely to come in to us , these facts suggest both that ( a ) * language * acted fairly in soliciting discussion of nostratic and ( b ) the signers of the open letter acted in good faith in requesting another review . the linguistic issue here is the merit ( or non-merit ) of the book . if subscribers would like to address this issue after the break , we ' ll be happy to post such messages . otherwise , this discussion is closed . peace ! helen & anthony postscript : since it 's difficult to discuss a book no one has read , we would like to remind you that the book was announced on linguist as "" available for discussion . "" contact the review editor for a copy if you qualify as a reviewer .
",0
850,"Subject: fonts
 
 + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | this has been sent to a couple of | | lists , so i apologize in advance if | | anybody receives multiple copies . | + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + hello , i am trying to create a repository of fonts for writing in indigenous languages . i want to include both native orthographies and ipa fonts . ( i get a lot of requests for both of these types of fonts , and i see requests for information on the list , too . ) i am interested in ftp sites for obtaining public domain / shareware fonts , along with addresses , etc . of people or organizations that create fonts for sale ( the copyrighted fonts - - the ones you can ' t copy freely ) . i will compile a list of where to get the ftp fonts , and a separate section with a listing of who provides which copyrighted fonts , and how to obtain them . i will also download the fonts from ftp sites , and pass them on to whoever asks for them . one of the problems i encounter when i try to read the work of others , is the usage of different orthographies by different people . i would like to see a common ( within each language ) orthography for each of the languages we all study - - the smaller language groups quite often do n't have a common orthography . ( i do n't know if such a thing is even possible ; there may be too much disagreement on what a font for language _ _ _ _ _ should look like . we seem to disagree on just about every other topic , but that 's healthy , i think . ) if i could develop a repository for fonts , then , for example , i could write a paper about the cahuilla language and e-mail the paper anywhere in the world along with the font ( s ) necessary to read / print the paper . ( copyrighted fonts would have to be purchased from the source . ) others could do the same with "" their "" languages . often , when writing papers , and quoting the works of others , i need to write using a non-standard font , so i need to make it myself , then go back to my writing . i have n't counted them , but i have a bunch of partial fonts for many languages , both orthography and ipa . however , these partially completed fonts are based on books written as far back as the 1800s . i seriously doubt that they represent current writing systems . i do n't want to step on anybody 's toes , but i can develop a font for any language out there . i can do both truetype and postscript fonts for both the pc and macs . however , if somebody else has already done the work , it makes sense to use their fonts . why re-invent the wheel ? as far as naming the fonts i ' ve created , i ' ve been using the three-letter language codes from _ ethnologue : languages of the world _ , ed . barbara f . grimes , 12th ed . , 1992 . for example , my cahuilla orthography is c-chl . ttf ( truetype for pc ) , and my cahuilla ipa is c-chl - p . ttf . i recently responded to jan tent 's posting about yesterday , today , and tomorrow words . i sent her words in north american indian languages . she wrote back asking about some of the symbols i had used . if a common font set was available , i could have e-mailed her a font for her computer , and she could have read my reply with the native orthography and ipa pronunciations in the document i sent . to me , it seems that this would be useful to people . i 'd like to hear others ' opinions about such a project ( in addition to where to ftp or buy fonts ) . i would especially like to hear from the indigenous language speakers on this list , in addition to the linguists . so send me your information and opinions , even if the opinion is , "" chuck , you ' re an idiot . scrap the whole idea . "" i ' ll post a summary to the list if there 's enough interest , otherwise i ' ll respond personally . if you need a font for a language you ' re working on , let me know that , too . happy holidays , chuck coker work : ( 909 ) 882-2099 ( united states ) home : ( 909 ) 886-5035 ( united states ) e-mail : cjcoker @ csupomona . edu = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = there have been no dragons in my life , only small spiders and stepping in gum . i could have coped with the dragons . - - anonymous ( but wise )
",0
851,"Subject: list of language lists version 1 . a
 
 the loll is now available by anonymous ftp to midir . ucd . ie in / pub / everson . michael everson school of architecture , ucd ; richview , clonskeagh ; dublin 14 ; e / ire phone : + 353 1 706-2745 fax : + 353 1 283-7778 home : + 353 1 478-2597
",0
852,"Subject: thanks
 
 thanks to all of the many people who sent me igor mel ' cuk 's contact info , volunteered to forward messages , etc . you ' re a very helpful group ! regards , sherri calvo
",0
853,"Subject: 
 
 discourse barsky , robert f . ( igrc , montreal , canada ) . constructing a productive other . discourse theory and the convention refugee hearing john benjamins 1994 . x , 272 pp . discourse hb : us : 1 55619 297 5 / eur : 90 272 5041 3 us $ 64 . 00 / hfl . 110 , - - a study of the process of constructing a productive other for the purpose of being admitted to canada in the categort of "" convention refugee "" . the whole claiming procedure is analyzed with respect to two actual cases , and contextualized by reference to pertinent national and international jurisprudence , all analyzed within the context of discourse analaysis . pragmatics and beyond new series , 29 pamela downing and michael noonan ( eds . ) word order in discourse ( university of wisconsin milwaukee ) typological studies in language , 30 1995 . ca . x , 583 pp . + index hb 1-55619 - 424 - 2 $ 135 . 00 . pb 1-55619 - 636 - 9 $ 37 . 95 eighteen papers dealing with the problem of word order variation in discourse . word order variation has often been treated as an essentially unpredictable phenomenon , a matter of selecting randomly one set of possible orders generated by the grammar . however , as the papers in this collection show , word order variation is not random , but rather is govemed by testable principles which are common to all languages . stygall , gail ( university of washington ) . trial language . differential discourse processing and discursive formation . pragmatics and beyond new series , 26 john benjamins 1994 . xii , 230 pp . discourse hb : us : 1 55619 294 0 / eur . : 90 272 5038 3 us $ 59 . 00 / hfl . 105 , - - this study of anglo - american legal discourse is the first comprehensive discourse analysis of american legal language in its prototypical setting , the trial by jury . with ethnographic data gathered in a civil jury trial , the book compares the discourse processing of the legal participants and the lay jurors in the trial . the study argues for a foucauldian discourse analysis of institutional languages , a social theory powerful enough to account for the power and tenacity of these ianguages , where traditional linguistic explanation has failed . wortham , stanton e . f . ( bates college , lewiston , maine ) . acting out participant examples in the classroom . pragmatics and beyond new series , 30 john benjamins 1994 xiv , 178 pp . discourse hb : us : 1 55619 298 3 / eur : 90 2725042 1 us $ 49 . 00 / hfl . 90 , - - pb 1-55619 - 243 - 6 $ 29 . 95 this volume explores a relational pattern that occurs during one type of speech event enacted classroom "" participant examples "" . the study reports that in some cases speakers not only discuss , but also act out the roles assigned to them in participant examples . that is , speakers do with each other , what they are talking about as the content of the example . participants act as if events described as the example provide a script for their interaction . cmejrkova , svetlaand frantiek ticha ( eds . ) the syntax of sentence and text . a festschrift for frantiek dane john benjamins 1994 . 398 pp . discourse hb : us : 1 55619 267 3 / eur90 272 1551 0 us $ 95 . 00 / hfl . 145 , - - published in honour of his 75th birthday , this volume celebrates dane ' international contribution to the development of prague school functionalism , the theory of functional sentence perspective , discourse studies and semantics . contributions by : robert de beaugrande ; andrej boguslawski ; alexandr bondarko ; svetla cmejrkova , maria - elisabeth conte ; martin davies ; wolfgang dressler ; anna duszak ; nils erik enkvist ; jan firbas ; paul l . garvin ; roland harweg ; jana hoffmanova ; miroslav komarek ; jirm kraus ; philip l . luelsdorff , eva machackova ; olga miillerova , igor nemec ; janos sander petvfi ; hansjakob seiler ; sorin stati ; frantiek ticha ; eugenius uhlenbeck ; ludmila uhlirova ; joseph vachek ; eija ventola . linguistic and literary studies in eastem europe , 42 translation dollerup , cay & annette lindegaard ( eds . ) . teaching translation and interpreting 2 . john benjamins 1994 viii , 358 pp . translation / interpretation cloth : us : 1 55619 682 2 / eur : 90 272 1601 0 us $ 69 . 00 / hfl . 130 , - - bridging the gap empirical research in simultaneous interpretation . sylvie lambert & barbara mosel-mercer ( eds . ) john benjamins 1994 362 pp . translation / interpretation cloth : us : 1 55619 481 1 / eur : 90 272 2144 8 us $ 69 . 00 / hfl . 130 , - - a collection of 30 articles discussing various aspects of interpreting grouped in 4 sections : i . pedagogical issues , ii . simultaneous interpretation , iii . sign language and court interpreting , iv . neuropsychological research . snell - hornby , mary , franz pvchhacker & klaus kaindl ( eds . ) translation studies : an interdiscipline . selected papers from the translation studies congress , vienna , 9-12 september 1992 . john benjamins 1994 xii , 438 pp . translation cloth us : 1 55619 478 1 / eur : 90 272 2141 3 us $ 95 . 00 / hfl . 170 , - - this selection of 44 papers from the 163 presented at the translation studies congress which was held in celebration of the 50th anniversary of the institut f | r dolmetscher und \ bersetzer ausbildung in vienna , shows how translation studies is moving away from purely linguistic analysis into lsp , psychology , cognition , and cultural orientations . the volume is divided into sections reflecting the focal subject areas of the congress : translation , history and culture ; interpreting theory and training ; terminology and special languages ; teaching and training in translation . also included are papers from a special workshop including interdisciplinary research projects from vienna . pragmatics givon , t . ( ed . ) voice and inversion . john benjamins 1994 viii , 510 pp . ling theory cloth us : 1 55619 420 x / eur : 90 272 2917 1 us $ 95 . 00 / hfl . 180 , - - paper us : 1 55619 421 8 / eur : 90 272 2918 x us $ 32 . 95 / hfl . 65 , - - this collection aims first to establish a structure-independent , language-independent definition of pragmatic voice , and more specifically then a universal functional definition of ' inverse ' . the grammar and pragmatic function of the four major voice constructions - - direct-active , inverse , passive , antipassive - - are surveyed using narrative texts from 14 languaegs : koyukon ( athabascan ) , plains cree , ( algonquian ) , chepang ( tibeto - burman ) , squamish and bella coola ( salish ) , sahaptin ( sahaptian ) , kutenai ( isolate ) , suriinam carib ( carib ) cebuano and karao ( philippine ) .
",0
854,"Subject: 
 
 bibliographies campe , petra . case , semantic roles , and grammatical relations . a comprehensive bibliography . john benjamins 1994 vii , 644 pp . ling . theory cloth : us : 1 55619 675 x / eur : 90 272 2811 6 us $ 125 . 00 / hfl . 225 , - - this bibliography presents the multi-dimensionality of the research into case and case-related phenomena . this includes not only morphological case-markers , but also the cross-constituent ( semantic and grammatical ) relations expressed by morphological case or by its various counterparts ; morpho-syntactic processes such as transitivity and passivization ; and pragmatic and textual considerations . in addition , the bibliography reflects the implications of case researchc for other disciplines , such as foreign language teaching and artificial intelligence . more than 6000 publications are presented in the author index . also included are a subject index , a language index and a guide to the relevant languages and language families kess , joseph f . and tadao miyamoto ( university of victoria ) japanese psycholinguistics . a classified and annotated research bibliography john benjamins 1994 xii , 355 pp . bibliographies hb : us : 1 55619 254 1 / eur : 90 272 3750 6 us $ 89 . 00 / hfl . 160 , - - this classified and annotated research bibliography is an useful introduction to the rich field of japanese psycholinguistics , providing an exhaustive inventory of what has been done in or about japanese in a psycholinguistic sense . the annotations for each entry have been especialiy written for this bibliographic inventory , and with the linguist , psychologist , and psycholinguist specifically in mind . the authors ' intention is to maximize the usefulness of such an inventory by preparing annotations for the interested reader who wishes to know not only what the article contains but where it fits in the research tradition . library and information sources in linguistics , 24 nevis , joel a . , brian d . joseph , dieter wanner and arnold m . zwicky . clitics . a comprehensive bibliography 1892-1991 john benjamins 1994 . xxxviii , 274 pp . bibliographies hb : us : 1 556i9 252 5 / eur : 90 272 3748 4 us $ 69 . 00 / hfl . 125 , - - provides an alphabetical listing of over 1500 articles , books , and dissertations that treat in some way the topic of clitics and related matters , e . g . affixes , words , word order , movement , sandhi , etc . each entry is accompanied by a series of descriptors which give an indication of the content of the item . nearly one-third of the book is a detailed analytic index , based on the descriptors , which can aid in topical searches for relevant material . prefatory matter includes an essay "" what is a clitic ? "" by arnold m . zwicky , a brief consideration of jacob wackernagel , the first author on this topic , by brian d . joseph , and information on the format and use of the book itself . library and information sources in linguistics , 22 niederehe , hans-josef ( university of trier , germany ) . bibliografia cronolsgica de ling | mstica , la gramatica y la lexicografia del espaqol ( bicres ) . desde los principios hasta el aqo 1600 john benjamins 1994 . vi , 457 pp . bibliographies hb : us : 1 55619 612 1 / eur : 90 272 4563 0 us $ 100 . 00 / hfl . 190 , since the publication of the still very valuable biblioteca histsrica de la filologma castellana by cipriano muqoz y manzano , conde de la viqaza , ( madrid , 1893 ) , our knowledge of the history of the study of the spanish language has grown considerably . it is the purpose of the present bibliography to bring already available bibliographical information together with the more recent research findings , scattered in many places , books and articles , published during the past one hundred years , in an exhaustive as possible manner . studies in the history of the language sciences , 76 writing systems ancient scripts and phonological knowledge d . gary miller ( university of florida ) this study investigates the properties of several ancient syllabic and linear segmental scripts to make explicit the aspects of linguistic knowledge they attempt to represent . some recent experimental work suggests that nonliterate speakers do not have segmental knowledge and that only syllabic knowledge is real or accessible , whence the ubiquity of syllabaries . miller disputes this by showing that such tests do not distinguish relevant types of knowledge , and that linguistic analysis of the ordering and writing conventions of early western scripts corroborates the evidence from language acquisition , use , and change for segment awareness . by coding segments , the ancient syllabaries represented more phonological knowledge than the alphabet , which was a poor compromise between the vowelless west semitic scripts and the vowel-redundant syllabic scripts . current issues in linguistic theory , 116 1994 . xvi , 139 pp . hb 1-55619 - 570 - 2 $ 35 . 00 history of ling theory groups and the study of language in north america . a social history . stephen o . murray ( el instituto obregsn , san francisco ) this is a detailed social history of north american linguistic traditions and "" revolutionary "" challenges to them , covering the last century and a half . in particular , the book traces the relatively recent growth of generative syntax out of neo - bloomfieldian structuralism , under the nurturing ( contrary to popular myth ) of powerful "" gatekeepers "" like language editor bernard bloch . although focusing on groups , murray resurrects many of the forgotten writers on language in society who were not participants in schools or theory groups . moreover , he formulates a theory of the social basis for claims of "" scientific revolution "" , and provides a suggestive analysis of why some approaches succeeded while others failed in the continuing and often rhetorically violent contention in linguistics . includes a 74 - page bibliography . studies in the history of the language sciences , 69 1994 xxi , 596 pp . hb : 1-55619 - 364 - 5 $ 110 . 00
",0
855,"Subject: 
 
 finnish helena halmari . a government approach to finnish-english intrasentential code-switching . 1994 naturally occurring finnish - english bilingual conversations are examined to discover the principle constraining the distribution of intra-sentential code - switching . it is argued that the syntactic notion of government is the relevant one , in particular di sciullo , muysken , and singh 's ( 1986 ) government constraint ( gc ) on code-switching , according to which code-switching within a governed element is possible if and only if the governed element includes a "" language-carrier "" whose language index is identical with the language index of the governor . in governed positions the rich finnish inflectional morphology functions as language-carrier . evidence for the gc is provided not only by the data that conform to the constraint , but also by those data which are near - violations of this constraint and consistently accompanied by severe repair phenomena ( pausing , hesitation , false starts , and backtracking . it is claimed that these repair phenomena ' break ' the government relation when it is about to be violated . in a few instances an explanation for code-switching needs to be looked for in sociolinguistic factors , such as interspeaker variation . available from gsil publications , usc . e - mail : gsil @ usc . edu greek themes in greek linguistics papers from the first international conference on greek linguistics , reading , september 1993 i . philippaki-warburton , k . nicolaidis and m . sifianou ( eds . ) ( university of readingl ( university of athens ) this volume brings together 65 conference papers , whose aim is to provide a comprehensive state-of - the-art in greek linguistics . papers concern all the standard topics : syntax , semantics and pragmatics within current models such as principles & parameters , hpsg , and relevance theory ; phonology and phonetics ; discourse , style and spoken and written discourse including miscommunication , metaphor and politeness issues ; ancient and modern greek dialects such as macedonian , cypriot , and pontic , as well as issues like social and geographical varieties , diglossia and language acquisition and the use of computers for the analysis , translation and teaching of greek . also includes an index of authors , languages and main key words . current issues in linguistic theory , 117 xviii 520 pp . + index hb 1-55619 - 571 - 0 $ 79 . 00 historical ling studies in language origins , volume 3 jan wind , abraham jonker , robin allott and leonard rolfe ( eds . ) this collection brings together the best papers presented at recent meetings of the language origins society . the volume reflects the diversity of approaches from many disciplines that are used to unravel the mystery of the origin of language : linguistics , anatomy , physiology , paleoanthropology , neuropsychology , physical anthropology , etc . xviii , 344 pp . hb 1-55619 - 497 - 8 $ 79 . 00
",0
856,"Subject: 
 
 syntax bhat , d . n . s . the adjectival category . criteria for differentiation and indentification . john benjamins 1994 xi , 285 pp . linguistics cloth : us : 1 55619 376 9 / eur : 90 272 3027 7 us $ 65 . 00 / hfl . xx , - - semantics continuity in linguistic semantics c . fuchs and b . victorri ( eds . ) until recently , most linguistic theories as well as theories of cognition have avoided use of the notion of continuity . however , several linguistic trends , sharing a preoccupation with semantico-cognitive problems ( e . g . cognitive grammars , ' psychomechanics ' , ' enuciative theories ' ) , are trying to go beyond the constraints imposed by discrete approaches . at the same time , mathematical ( e . g . differential geometry and dynamical systems ) and computer science tools ( e . g . connectionism ) have been proposed that can be used for modeling of continuous linguistic phenomena . the first part of the book is devoted to linguistic issues , the second part deals with modeling issues . contributions by : a . culioli ; c . fuchs ; c . harris ; d . kayser ; r . langacker ; g . leech ; p . le goffic ; j . petitot ; j . picoche ; v . prince ; j - m . salanskis ; h . seiler ; r . thom ; d . touretzky & b . victorri . lingvisticae investigationes supplementa , 19 1995 . iv , 251 pp . + index hb 1-55619 - 259 - 2 $ 64 . 00 process , image , and meaning wolfgang wildgen university of bremen in the sense of this work , the development of a "" realistic "" model of meaning has to account for the ecological basis of meaning in perception , action , and interaction , and is realistic in the sense of "" scientific realism "" , i . e . it is based on the paradigm of dynamical systems theory . in this work , wildgen proceeds from the positing of a semantic model of sentences within recent proposals to a realistic model elaborating on the consequences of the theory . this includes discussions of valence , basic prediction , multi-stability and the application of chaos theory . pragmatics and beyond new series , 31 xii , 280 pp . hb 1-55619 - 299 - 1 $ 67 . 00 ling theory the reality of linguistic rules susan d . lima , roberta l . corrigan and gregory k . iverson university of wisconsin - milwaukee this volume presents a selection of the best papers from the 21st annual university of wisconsin - milwaukee linguistics symposium . researchers from linguistics , psychology , computer science , and philosophy , using many different methods and focusing on many different facts of language , addressed the question of the existence of linguistic rules . are such rules best seen as convenient tools for the description of languages , or are rules actually invoked by individual language users ? studies in language companion series , 26 1994 . xxiii , 466 pp . + index hb 1-55619 - 378 - 5 $ 115 . 00 pagliuca , william ( ed . ) : perspectives on grammaticalization . john benjamins 1994 xx , 287 pp . + index ling . theory cloth : us : 1 55619 563 x / eur : 90 272 3612 7 us $ 79 . 00 / hfl . 150 , - - the recent resurgence of interest in the evolution of grammatical form and meaning from lexical material has reinvigorated historical analysis and theory and led to advances in the understanding of the relation between diachrony and universals . the richness and potential of some of the leading approaches to grammaticalization are here illustrated in thirteen selected papers from a symposium held at the university of wisconsin , milwaukee in april 1990 . this is the second of two volumes deriving from the same symposium ; the first volume , explanation in historical linguistics , edited by garry w . davis and gregory k . iverson , was published by john benjamins in 1992 . contributions by : w . pagliuca , j . l . bybee , k . carey , u . claudi , d . cyr , r . epstein , j . haiman , b . heine , p . j . hopper , p . kilroe , t . ohori , j . c . paolillo , j . rubba , d . i . slobin . dissertations goad , h . on the configuration of height features ( 1993 ) halmari , h . a government approach to finnish - english intrasentential code - switching ( 1994 ) for more information , please contact us by e-mail gsil @ scf . usc . edu , or by fax : 213-740 - 9306 department of linguistics , university of southern california , los angeles , ca 90089-1693 u . s . a . a complete list of available dissertations can be accessed through the linguist listserv
",0
857,"Subject: 
 
 lang planning davis , kathryn anne language planning in multilingual contexts . policies , communities and schools in luxembourg john benjamins 1994 xix , 220 pp . ling theory cloth us : 1 55619 539 7 / eur : 90 272 4111 2 us $ 45 . 00 / hfl . 80 , - - this volume examines the sociocultural factors that influence language choices and uses in the multilingual country of luxembourg . patterns of language use within and across communities are viewed in terms of interrelationships among language policy intent , implementation and experience . also studied is the difference between reality and expectation for both individual and government goals . a history of past language policies and practices sets the background for recent policy formation and current language uses and values . xvi , 220 pp . 1-55619 - 539 - 7 $ 45 . 00 hb studies in bilingualism , 8 pb 1-55619 - 636 - 9 $ 37 . 95 paulston , christina bratt linguistic minorities in multilingual settings . implications for language policies john benjamins 1994 xi , 139 pp . lang planning cloth : us : 1 55619 347 5 / eur : 90 272 4104 x us $ 39 . 00 / hfl . 75 , - - paper : us : 1 55619 540 0 / eur : 90 272 4112 0 us $ 19 . 95 / hfl . 40 , - - paulston presents an analytical framework for explaining and predicting the language behavior of social groups as such behavior relates to linguistic policies for minority groups . she argues that there are a number of factors to be considered in the understanding and establishment of language policies for such groups . 1 . the social context of language problems ; 2 . the linguistic consequences for social groups in contact will vary depending on the focus of social mobilization , i . e . ethnicity or nationalism ; and 3 . identifying the salient factors which contribute to language maintenance and shift , i . e . what are the conditions . the book is a vital help to educational policies and successful language planning in general . pidgins & creoles kihm , alain . kriyol syntax . the portuguese-based creole language of guinea-bissau . john benjamins 1994 xii , 310 pp . pidgins & creoles cloth : us : 1 55619 168 5 / eur : 90 272 5235 1 us $ 70 . 00 / hfl . 135 , - - this book describes the portuguese - based creole which is widely spoken as a first language in guinea - bissau . the study focuses on one variety , ' central kriyol ' , and aims to present a complete description of the grammar of the language . the theoretical framework for the syntactic analysis is purposely eclectic but relies primarily on generalized phrase structure grammar . lang acquisition lakshmanan , usha . universal grammar in child second language acquisition . null subjects and morphological uniformity . john benjamins 1994 x , 166 pp . language acquisition cloth : us : 1-55619 247 9 / eur : 90 272 xxx x us $ 35 . 00 / hfl . xx , - - this book examines child second language acquisition within the principles and parameters framework of linguistic theory . its focus is the null subject phenomenon , a property that has received considerable attention within linguistic theory and linguistic acquisition . it takes a current theory of null subjects , namely the morphological uniformity principle , and investigates the extent to which its predictions are supported in the context of child second language grammar . the book demonstrates the value of child second language acquisition data in evaluating specific proposals within linguistic theory for a universal principle and thus contributes to the growing body of research on the role of universal grammar in second language acquisition . bilingual first language acquisition french and german grammatical development j \ rgen m . meisel ( ed . ) ( university of hamburg ) the contributions in this volume are based on an analysis of data from bilingual children acquiring french and german simultaneously . the papers focus on the development of specific grammatical phenomena ; explanations are given within the framework of the principles and parameter approach . the study is primarily concerned with the acquisition of so-called ' functional categories ' and the consequences of their acquisition for the development of grammar the basic hypothesis underlying this study is that early child grammars consist only of lexical categories and that functional categories are implemented later in the child 's grammar . how this happens exactly is the central issue explored in this book . language acquisition and language disorders , 7 vi , 280 pp . hb 1-55619 - 242 - 8 $ 70 . 00
",0
858,"Subject: 
 
 functional & systemic ling verhoeven , ludo . functional literacy . theoretical issues and educational implications . john benjamins 1994 viii , 493 pp . linguistics cloth : us : 1 55619 316 5 / eur : 90 272 1791 2 us $ 85 . 00 / hfl . 150 , - - paper : us : 1 55619 317 3 / eur : 90 272 1792 0 us $ 29 . 95 / hfl . 60 , - - the volume has four parts : i . the construct of functional literacy , ii . literacy and development , iii . attaining literacy in developing countries , and iv . attaining literacy in industrial societies . contributions were originally presented at an international conference in tilburg , october 1991 , and are by : l . verhoeven , h . j . graff , c . blanche - benveniste , l . noordman & w . vonk , b . street , k . levine , d . r . olson , p . bertelson & b . de gelder , p . leseman , d . barton , e . ferreiro , n . hornberger , m . van der westen , c . j . daswani , j . yambi , f . coulmas , c . doets , c . pontecorvo , a . van der leij , d . bouwhuis & h . bunt , w . loxley , l . dubbeldam , j . hammond & p . freebody , j . ooijens , d . wagner . the prague school of structural and functional linguistics philip luelsdorff ( ed . ) ( university of regensburg ) the importance of the prague school for the rise of structuralism and for integration of the theoretical linguistics of today can hardly be overestimated . the volume brings together 13 papers showing the main results of the research of the prague school and of its continuation in the domains of phonemics and written language , morphemics and word formation , lexicon , syntax and semantics , text structures , stylistics and typology . the authors all actively contributed to the domain they are treating here . linguistic and literary studies in eastern europe , 41 ca . vi , 384 pp . + index hb 1-55619 - 266 - 5 $ 175 . 00 luelsdorff , philip a . , jarmila paneuova & peter sgall ( eds . ) . praguiana 1945-1990 . john benjamins 1994 x , 240 pp . + index eastern european ling . cloth us : 1 55619 265 7 / eur : 90 272 1549 9 us $ 75 . 00 / hfl . 135 , - - the aim of this volume is to witness how the activities of the prague school have continued to bring important new insights and discussions between the 1940s and the present time . contributions are included which have escaped attention on an international scale because they were published in czech ; several papers have been written especially for this volume . the contributions cover various domains : syntax , morphology , sociolinguistics , graphemics , the language system , the lexicon , and contrastive linguistics . contributions by : e . pauliny , m . dokulil and f dane , r . trost , v . skalicka , j . ruzicka , f . miko , o . leska , j . vachek , j . horeck } , v . blanar , p . sgall , v . barnet , v . barnetova .
",0
859,"Subject: 
 
 language and linguistics in melanesia , journal of the linguistic society of papua new guinea and the society on pidgins and creoles in melanesia edited by : j . m . clifton "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" contents : volume 25 , no . 1 ( april 1994 ) britten arsjo "" topic in ama discourse terry crowley practical issues in bislama lexicography gunter senft spatial reference in kilivila : the tinkertoy matching games - a case study john lynch on the origin of tok pisin _ na _ gunter senft grammaticalisation of body - part terms in kilivila "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" contents : volume 25 , no . 2 ( october 1994 ) john m clifton stable multilingualism in a small language group : the case of kaki ae dorothy j . james word tone in a papuan language : an autosegmental solution john nystrom three transitivity markers in arop - sissano william staley theoretical implications of olo verb reduplication * * * subscription rates : regular us $ 20 / aus $ 25 ; institutions us $ 35 / aus $ 42 ; send checks to : the secretary , linguistic society of papua new guinea , po box 418 , ukarumpa via lae , papua new guinea .
",0
860,"Subject: nels dates , at last !
 
 we are pleased to announce the date for nels 1995 , to be hosted jointly by harvard university and mit . the conference will be held from october 27-30 in locations on both campuses . in addition to the usual weekend talks , there will be monday workshops on indo - european and language processing . thanks to all those who sent us their scheduling plans for conferences next fall . we did our best to minimize conflicts . the bu conference on language acquisition will be held the next weekend , followed a week later by the comparative germanic syntax workshop to be held at rutgers . we look forward to what is sure to be a series of lively conferences in this part of the country . more information and a call for papers will be appearing soon . dianne jonas , harvard jonas @ husc . harvard . edu martha jo mcginnis , mit marthajo @ mit . edu
",0
861,"Subject: urgent ! "" lehrstuhl fuer allgemeine sprachwissenschaft "" vacancy
 
 urgent ! ! please do not send in applications yet . the official period for application has not yet begun . it is expected to begin mid - january and end about six weeks later . we will keep you informed . sincerely henriette visser
",0
862,"Subject: languaes et grammaire 2 , modified dates
 
 langues et grammaire 2 universite paris 8 important modification important modification important modification . . . . . . . due to unexpected problems with the administration the langues et grammaire 2 conference had to be reschedulled for june 8 - 9-10 instead of may 25-27 . the abstract deadline is extended to february 20 the organising committee anne fleichman - lea nash - georges tsoulas
",0
863,"Subject: bisfai ' 95 call for papers - - second announcement
 
 * * * * * * call for papers - - second announcement * * * * * * bisfai ' 95 the fourth bar - ilan symposium on foundations of artificial intelligence focusing on natural languages and artificial intelligence philosophical and computational aspects commemorating the scientific works of yehoshua bar - hillel ( 1915-1975 ) june 20-22 , 1995 ramat - gan and jerusalem , israel organized by bar - ilan university , ramat - gan and hebrew university , jerusalem in cooperation with american association for artificial intelligence israel association for artificial intelligence the association for mathematics of language israeli association for theoretical linguistics the symposium will focus on natural language in artificial intelligence but will retain its broad scope , and welcomes high quality research papers in various areas of artificial intelligence , including machine learning , automated reasoning , knowledge representation , neural nets , etc . distinguished invited speakers ( include ) : - - robert berwick ( mit ) - - aravind joshi ( upenn ) - - hans kamp ( stuttgart university ) - - sergei nirenburg ( nmsu ) - - naftaly tishby ( hebrew university ) - - hans uszkoreit ( saarlandes university ) paper submission : submit three copies of extended abstract ( 4-10 pages ) , or full paper , by 1st february 1995 , to : dr . moshe koppel , dept of mathematics and computer science , bar - ilan university , ramat - gan , 52900 , israel . e - mail : koppel @ bimacs . cs . biu . ac . il authors will be notified of acceptance by 20th march 1995 . a final version of the accepted papers will be published in a proceedings volume . information on registration , accommodations , etc . , will appear in future announcements , or contact : bisfai @ bimacs . cs . biu . ac . il symposium chair m . golumbic ( bar - ilan u . ) program co - chairs e . shamir ( hebrew u . ) m . koppel ( bar - ilan u . ) program committee e . shamir ( hebrew u . ) m . koppel ( bar - ilan u . ) y . choueka ( bar - ilan u . ) i . dagan ( bar - ilan u . ) e . doron ( hebrew u . ) m . elhadad ( ben gurion u . ) n . francez ( technion ) d . gabbay ( imperial college ) b . grosz ( harvard u . ) a . kasher ( tel - aviv u . ) s . kraus ( bar - ilan u . ) d . lehmann ( hebrew u . ) l . manevitz ( haifa u . ) j . pearl ( u . c . l . a . ) d . radzinski ( tovna ltd . ) m . richter ( u . kaiserslautern ) w . savitch ( u . c . s . d . ) o . stock ( irst , italy ) s . ullman ( weizmann inst . ) organizing chair a . frank ( bar - ilan u . ) organizing committee i . dagan ( bar - ilan u . ) r . cohen ( hebrew u . ) m . fisch ( tel - aviv u . ) ariel j . frank deputy chairperson , dept . of mathematics and computer science bar ilan university , ramat gan , israel 52900 tel : ( 972 - 3 - ) 5318407 / 8 , fax : ( 972 - 3 - ) 5353325 amix ( israeli unix user group ) former chairperson tel : ( 972 - 3 - ) 715770 / 2 , fax : ( 972 - 3 - ) 5744374 bitnet : ariel @ bimacs ( also f68388 @ barilan ) internet : ariel @ bimacs . cs . biu . ac . il
",0
864,"Subject: could of
 
 i have been following the recent discussion of ` would of ' with interest , as i am writing my dissertation on the grammaticalization of ` wouldve ' / ` couldve ' / ` shouldve ' ( i . e . modal + ` have ' + pastparticiple constructions ) . [ for those unfamiliar with the term , grammaticalization is , approximately , a type of gradual reanalysis that turns material that used to be more independent and lexical into material that is more dependent and grammatical . ] i ' ve noticed that the discussion has focused on pronunciation and spelling as indicators of "" native speaker intuitions . "" another approach is to look at syntax . many speakers consider what wouldve you done ? pretty close to acceptable ( though of course many other speakers completely reject this ) . then there are also sentences like ( both heard on npr in the past week ) they never asked the right questions when they shouldve have . ( orangecounty ) or if this incident had occurred a year ago , i wouldve had been more concerned about it . ( helicopter in n . korea ) for now i will make a couple of points of my own , and next time i will respond to some previous postings , esp . frits stuurman 's queries . 1 ) syntactic data like these can tell us what speakers feel belong together . is the / @ v / a verb ? a preposition ? this data does n't answer those questions , but does tell us that ` wouldve ' is being interpreted as a unit that behaves like an auxiliary verb . 2 ) intuition data can be supplemented with corpus data and experimental data . for instance , in pilot elicited imitation experiments where subjects try to repeat exactly what the stimulus tape says , i am finding that modal + adverb + have sequences are much more often repeated as modal + have + adv , than modal + have + adv sequences are repeated as modal + adverb + have . this is another way to show that ` have ' ( often pronounced / @ v / or / @ / ) is , for some speakers , dependent on the modal . as for corpus research , i have diachronic data suggesting a historical trend in this direction . i am also working on comparing synchronic spoken vs . written data . 3 ) as part of my dissertation , i ' ve been planning to get "" expansions "" of contracted forms , like what tom cravens described , and i am getting subjects from age 4 on up to as old as i can find . so hopefully in a few months i ' ll have some systematic data to answer some of the questions that people have raised . by the way : does anyone have a good name for this type of construction ? the best i ' ve been able to come up with so far is "" past counterfactual "" , but i 'd prefer a name with a more syntactic , less semantic , sense . joyce tang boyland ( jtang @ cogsci . berkeley . edu ) institute of cognitive studies , uc berkeley
",0
865,"Subject: re : 5 . 1459 native speaker intuition
 
 after what i said last time about "" of "" in "" could of "" etc . , i have to think about why the six year-old said "" could of "" was a "" long "" way to say "" coulda ( ? ) "" it 's clear she does n't see "" have "" in "" coulda "" , and that leads to other questions about whether the relationship between the verb "" have "" and the last syllable in "" coulda / v "" etc is anything more than graphic and literate itself at this point in time . note that the big clue , the participle after "" have "" is losing reliability thru ever-spreading merger of participles and pasts in english , e . g , "" could of went "" / "" i ' ve went "" . only "" been "" is a true-blue participle through thick and thin . but it is probably not sufficient to allow six year-olds ( or maybe anybody else for that matter ) to recognise that the "" of "" in "" coulda "" is "" have "" . if this is so , then have / of only alternate ( as a function of stress ) when there is no modal . the other part of the question concerns the association of "" of "" from "" have "" with "" of "" ( from "" off "" ) . it still seems to me , the little girl gave no indication that she saw "" could of "" as containing the word "" of "" , though it would be interesting to know what she thinks a word is . are homophones the same word , for example . "" of "" is "" longer "" than "" a "" in any case . i think that was the question she was asked . i ' m afraid to look now , because i ' ll lose this stimulating posting . . . . if she insists that the "" of "" in "" could-of "" is indeed the same word , i 'd be interested in her explanation for why she thinks so . alexis might also be interested in such an explanation for his folk etymology collection . benji
",0
866,"Subject: could of
 
 tom cravens has hit the nail on the head . why should "" could ' ve "" expand , with emphasis on the second element , to "" could of "" , with the same pronunc - iation as of rather than have ? i wonder if the model of to is relevant ? looks like a preposition ( cf of ) , but very verb-like when used before an infinitive ( e . g . negated by preceding not , never etc . : "" it 's important never to tell lies "" ) , and has two forms , weak and strong . also it 's interesting that you never get of for have in tensed verbs - as others have pointed out , it 's only used after modals ; same is true of of , of course [ sorry for the of 's ! ] . notice incidentally that the "" of "" in "" could of "" can't be the preposition "" of "" because the latter has to have a complement , whereas the one after "" could of "" ( i . e . the past participle ) can be elided : "" i could of . "" dick hudson dept of phonetics and linguistics , university college london , gower street , london wc1e 6bt uclyrah @ ucl . ac . uk
",0
867,"Subject: re : 5 . 1467 qs : metaling
 
 ther term "" metalinguistics "" comes from benjamin lee whorf . see his books "" collecteed papers of metalinguistics "" ( washington , 1952 ) , "" four lectures on metalinguistics "" ( washington , 1952 ) , "" language , thought , and reality "" ( new york , 1956 ) . whorf defines this branch of science as studying the relations between the language and related phenomena such as thought , society and culture . so , it includes such fields as psycho - , socio - , ethno - , neuro . . . linguistics . the other source is g . l . trager 's article "" the field of linguistics "" ( studies in linguistic . occasional papers . i "" . oclahoma , 1949 ) , but in a slight different sense . e . hamp criticised trager for using the term "" metalinguistics "" for the field that is usually called "" semantics "" ( see : e . hamp , "" the glossary of american linguistic technical use "" , the article called "" metalinguistis "" ) . this is really an americanism . in saussurean tradition the term "" external linguistics "" is preferred , as opposed to the "" internal linguistics "" ( = whorf 's "" microlinguistics "" ) . the corresponding adjective sounds like "" extralinguistic "" . because of that i prefer to call this branch not "" metalinguistics "" but "" extralinguistics "" ! but there is another meaning of the term "" metalinguistics "" . it is derived from the "" metalanguage "" ( a logical notion that comes from husserl , russel , tarski , carnap ) . that is , metalinguistics in this sense is defined as "" the studying of metalanguages "" . i prefer to use the word "" metalinguistics "" in this sense . ) from the hamp 's critique one can deduc e that he likes this logical tradition , too . but i am not sure who was the first . with best regards , sergej a . krylov ursula doleschal & sergej krylov institut f . slawische sprachen wirtschaftsuniv . wien augasse 9 , 1090 wien tel . : + + 43 - 1-31336 4115 fax : + + 43 - 1-31336 744
",0
868,"Subject: computers and teaching in the humanities
 
 conference announcement cath ' 95 computers and teaching in the humanities , ' computers and the changing curriculum ' stop press early booking fee held until 1st august the seventh in the series of cath conferences is being held at royal holloway , university of london from 5thp7th september 1995 . the conference is being organized by the office for humanities communication and the cti centre for textual studies at the university of oxford , and the centre for computing in the arts , royal holloway . the royal holloway campus , which , although only 17 miles from the centre of london is situated in 100 acres of surrey countryside at egham . full conference package prices including accommodation range from 195 pounds without private facilities to 221 pounds with ' ensuite facilities ' . prices rise by 25 pounds on 1st august . final registration date , 15th august . details of the conference including a draft programme can be found at the following web page ( url : http : / / sable . ox . ac . uk / ~ ctitext2 / service / cath . html ) for a registration form and any queries about the programme please contact : office for humanities communication , oxford university computing services , 13 banbury road , oxford ox2 6nn tel : 01225 866962 email : cath95 @ oucs . ox . ac . uk
",0
869,"Subject: summary : sri lanka
 
 a few weeks ago i asked the following question : > could somebody please tell me how sri lanka is written and > pronounced in spanish ? is the pronunciation uniform across latin > america ? my reason for asking was that one of my students , a peruvian , told me it was pronounced / esrilanka / . yet i seemed to recall that a mexican had once told me it was / sirlanka / . as you will see below , i was wrong but only partly . here are the responses i received : en reponse a ton mail sur la prononciation de sri lanka en espagnol , je peux dire qu ' en amerique du sud ( chili , argentine ) , on prononce et on ecrit siri lanka . my latin american friends tell me ' sri lanka ' is pronounced just as one would expect : sri lanka ( with the dental-alveolar [ r ] and the velar nasal . ) they say it is spelled as you have spelled it . en respuesta a su pregunta sobre la escritura y la pronunciacion de sri lanka en espanol , le puedo decir lo siguiente : en cuanto a la escritura , si no me equivoco , se mantiene el original sri lanka . sin embargo , en cuanto a la pronunciacion , existe la tendencia general a intercalar una i de apoyo entre la s y la r : [ siri ] . ello no excluye que ciertos individuos , considerandose mas "" cultos "" y mas "" sabios "" , hagan el esfuerzo de pronunciar [ sri ] . esfuerzo que rompe con la tendencia del espanol de evitar toda s liquida . esfuerzo , por consiguiente , considerado "" no natural "" . con respecto a la pronunciacion en latinoamerica , no puedo decirle gran cosa . pero imagino que tambien se ha generalizado la tendecia fonetica a intercalar la vocal i . i pronounce it [ ezri ' la ' nka ] , r = trill , n = velar nasal in normal speech . in rapid speech the [ z ] assimilates to the following rhotic producing a sound of intermediate quality ( this assimilation is a well known fact of spanish phonetics in nonaspirating dialects described , for instance , in navarro tomas ' standard manual ) . in slow speech [ esri ' ] , without voicing . i am from spain . in aspirating dialects , it is [ ehri ' ] ~ [ eri ' ] . i am from seville ( spain ) . i write the name of the country as sri lanka . and i pronounce it / sri lanka / . ( i might also pronounce it as / esri lanka / ; but this is due to the fact that we do n't like sequences / sc / as onsets of words . you may have already realized that if you have listened to spanish people speaking english . many of the them would say / espein / instead of / spein / ) . in argentina sri lanka is pronounced : [ siri lanka ] . the [ r ] sound is according to ipa : is a post-dental percusive sound . the [ n ] is velar . i just called my daughter who is a writer at la jornada , a local newspaper . she works in the economics section . she said that their spelling is just like english , although she supposes that some "" purist "" publications probably change the k for a c . she wrote sri lanka on a piece of paper and asked the 5 people who were in the office to pronounce it . she confirmed my own suspicion that people pronounce it as if it were in spanish - - two of them with a rather marked e at the beginning , which is what spanish phonology would require with st - , for instance . the rest of us tend to sonorize the s - , but that would be expected in mexican spanish anyway . so , her conclusion ( and mine - - we ' re both speakers of spanish as a 1st lang ) is that it 's pronounced "" normally . "" she has worked with a number of argentine journalists and never noticed that they did anything worth noting , which means that they probably pronounce it just about the same . from : in % "" penaja @ wkuvx1 . wku . edu "" juan antonio pena as far as spelling , sri lanka is the spanish orthography for this asian country . as far as phonetics , the only thing worth noting is that we insert an ' e ' [ e ] sound at the beginning of the word sri . spanish does this with all words beginning s + any stop consonant . in spain , the name of the state is written as in english : sri lanka ( the geographical name of the island is ceilan - - with an accent on the ' a ' ) . the pronunciation ( in tv and broadcasting ) varies : some people says [ sri ' lanka ] , some others [ esri ' lanka ] ( r stands for the multiple trill of - rr - in spanish , the same sound as in perro ) . hear in spain we use to pronounce the name of the old island of ceilan in two different ways . the most common pronunciation is [ esrri lan , ka ] ( i use double r for the spanish hard r and [ n , ] for the velarized nasal sound ) . there is another pronunciation , not so common as the former : [ siri lan , ka ] . i do not know the origin of this one . so there you have it . my impression is that / esrilanka / is more common in spain , and / sirilanka / more prevalent in south america , but this is obviously not absolute . many thanks to all those who responded . marc picard
",0
870,"Subject: linguistics association of great britain
 
 linguistics association of great britain the 1995 autumn meeting will be held from monday 18 september to wednesday 20 september at the university of essex , where the association will be the guests of the department of language and linguistics . enquiries and bookings ( by 25 august ) should be sent to : lagb 1995 , david britain and stella markantonatou , department of language and linguistics , university of essex , colchester , essex , great britain co4 3sq . events : the henry sweet lecture 1995 on the monday evening will be delivered by professor edwin williams ( princeton ) , and is entitled "" focus and anaphoric destressing "" . there will also be a special guest lecture by professor greg stump ( kentucky ) , entitled "" the autonomy of morphomic indexing "" . professor williams will also be participating in a workshop on the topic of ellipsis , focus and anaphora , on the monday afternoon . the workshop is organised by david adger ( york ) ; other contributors are caroline heycock ( edinburgh ) , ruth kempson , ( soas ) and wynn chao ( soas ) . there will be a language tutorial on the australian language kayardild ( note change of language ) , given by dr nicholas evans ( melbourne ) . kayardild is a tangkic language of bentinck island , north west queensland , and the two sessions will aim to cover the main features of the grammar , exemplified as far as possible through study of a traditional text . after situating the language sociolinguistically , most of the tutorial will deal with morphosyntactic features of typological interest , in particular with its complex and unusual nominal morphology : the use of ' modal case ' to signal mood and tense categories on nps within the vp ; a further use of ' complementizing case ' , marked on every word of a clause , to show interclausal relations , and the phenomenon of case stacking that leads to nouns inflecting for up to four cases , forcing morphological representations to have ( finitely ) recursive case features . a final feature of nominal case morphology is the presence of a subset of case suffixes , known to tangkicists as ' verbal case ' , which , though demonstrably an inflectional category , converts the morphological class of its host from nominal to verb , thus posing problems to the view that inflections never change word class . internet home page : the lagb internet home page is now active at the following address : http : / / clwww . essex . ac . uk / lagb . electronic network : please join the lagb electronic network which is used for disseminating lagb information and for consulting members quickly . it can be subscribed to by sending the message "" add lagb "" to : listserv @ postman . essex . ac . uk . programme : monday 18 september 1995 2 . 00 workshop : "" ellipsis , focus and anaphora "" organised by david adger ( york ) ; participants : edwin williams ( princeton ) , caroline heycock ( edinburgh ) , ruth kempson , ( soas ) , wynn chao ( soas ) . 7 . 45 henry sweet lecture 1995 : edwin williams ( princeton ) tuesday 19 september 1995 session a 9 . 00 j . m . de wind ( amsterdam ) "" inverted subjects in french , nominative case - checking and expletive pro in antisymmetric minimalism "" 9 . 40 anna pettiward ( soas ) "" agreement & optionality in french : a conflicting account "" 10 . 20 alison henry ( university of ulster at jordanstown ) "" dialect variation and minimalist syntax "" session b 9 . 00 richard breheny ( ucl ) "" revisions in relevance theory and enrichment "" 9 . 40 vladimir zegarac ( middlesex ) "" three connectives in serbo - croat "" 10 . 20 anna papafragou ( ucl ) "" the comprehension of metonymy "" session c 9 . 00 andrew spencer ( essex ) "" agreement morphology is morphology "" 9 . 40 lynne j cahill & gerald gazdar ( sussex ) "" from syllable to inflection in german "" 10 . 20 andrew hippisley ( surrey ) "" russian lexeme formation : a lexeme-based approach to derivational morphology in datr "" session a 11 . 30 helge lodrup ( oslo ) "" norwegian resultatives , unaccusativity , and lexical mapping theory "" 12 . 10 corinne cortes ( barcelona ) "" the unaccusative hypothesis and the syntax - lexical semantics interface "" session b 11 . 30 marjolein groefsema ( hertfordshire ) "" processing for relevance "" 12 . 10 mark durrant - peatfield & william marslen - wilson "" the role of the discourse representation in immediate zero anaphor resolution "" session c 11 . 30 victoria c . mueller gathercole ( bangor / florida ) "" the acquisition of the mass / count distinction by bilingual vs . monolingual children "" 12 . 10 greville g . corbett and marianne mithun ( surrey and university of california , santa barbara ) "" associative forms in central alaskan yup ' ik : implications for the typology of number systems "" session a 2 . 00 richard hudson ( ucl ) "" syntactic complexity "" 2 . 40 josef taglicht ( the hebrew university of jerusalem ) "" syntactic constraints on intonational phrasing in english "" 3 . 20 dimitra kolliakou ( edinburgh ) "" possessives and pseudo - possessives : an hpsg account "" session b 2 . 00 hussein m . al - ageli ( essex ) "" optimally degenerate : super heavy syllables in msa "" 2 . 40 zaharani ahmad ( essex ) "" optimality and malay vowel sequences "" 3 . 20 kuniya nasukawa ( tohoku gakuin ) "" melodic structure and no constraint-ranking in japanese verbal inflexion "" session c 2 . 00 maggie tallerman ( durham ) "" the middle welsh ' historic infinitive ' "" 2 . 40 najib jarad ( bangor / aleppo ) "" the rise of "" for "" in middle english to - infinitives "" 3 . 20 m . siobh n cottell ( bangor ) "" predication in copular and cleft constructions in modern irish "" 4 . 30 lagb business meeting 5 . 30 special guest lecture greg stump ( kentucky ) "" the autonomy of morphomic indexing "" 7 . 45 language tutorial : kayardild nicholas evans ( melbourne ) wednesday 20 september 1995 session a 9 . 00 peter sells ( stanford ) "" ' subject ' raising in the philippine languages "" 9 . 40 jim miller ( edinburgh ) "" the english perfect and specific time adverbs "" session b 9 . 00 bruce l . peng ( singapore ) "" a rule - based analysis of nasal harmony "" 9 . 40 ann denwood ( london ) "" khalkha - mongolian - vowel harmony or head alignment "" 10 . 20 phillip backley and toyomi takahashi ( ucl and surugadai ) "" activate alpha : harmony without spreading "" session c 9 . 40 george j . xydopoulos ( ucl ) "" on aspect - sensitive adverbials in modern greek "" 10 . 20 inga kohlhof ( tuebingen ) "" the interaction of syntax and discourse reference in adverbial quantification in german "" session a 11 . 30 marga petter ( vrije universiteit amsterdam ) "" external authority theta - roles of deontic modals and their interference with control "" 12 . 10 miriam engelhardt ( the hebrew university ) "" control as predication "" session b 11 . 30 faisal al - mohanna ( essex ) "" on the role of extrametricality in stress systems "" 12 . 10 judith m . broadbent ( survey of english usage , ucl ) "" a reanalysis of certain consonant - vowel interactions in maltese arabic "" session c 11 . 30 akiko yoshimura ( osaka gakuin ) "" negative polarity in comparatives : the need for contrastive assumptions "" 12 . 10 michael t . wescoat ( osaka ) "" lexical sharing and english "" headless "" noun phrases "" 2 . 00 language tutorial : kayardild nicholas evans ( melbourne ) 4 . 00 tea and close booking form please return this form , with your remittance , by 25 august to : lagb 1995 , david britain and stella markantonatou , department of language and linguistics , university of essex , colchester , essex , great britain co4 3sq . please make cheques payable to "" university of essex "" . name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . name of your institution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . address for this mailing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . email address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i enclose remittance as indicated : either 1 . complete conference package ( a ) or ( b ) : ( a ) including monday lunch preceding workshop ( i ) if sent to arrive before 25 august 107-30 sterling . . . . . . . . . ( ii ) if sent to arrive after 25 august 119-22 sterling . . . . . . . . . . ( b ) excluding monday lunch ( i ) if sent to arrive before 25 august 99-83 sterling . . . . . . . . . . . . ( ii ) if sent to arrive after 25 august 110-92 sterling . . . . . . . . . . . . ( c ) surcharge for non-members , 5-00 sterling . . . . . . . . . . . . . total : or 2 . selected items ( a ) conference fee ( obligatory ) to cover cost of abstracts , tea and coffee , room bookings , speakers ' expenses etc . 15-00 sterling 15-00 ( b ) monday lunch 8-30 sterling ( c ) monday dinner 8-30 sterling ( d ) overnight stay monday / tuesday 25-63 sterling ( e ) tuesday breakfast 5-23 sterling ( f ) tuesday lunch 8-30 sterling ( g ) tuesday dinner 8-30 sterling ( h ) overnight stay tuesday / wednesday 25-63 sterling ( i ) wednesday breakfast 5-23 sterling ( j ) wednesday lunch 8-30 sterling sub - total : deduct 10 % if sent to arrive by 25 august : ( k ) surcharge for non-members , 5-00 sterling total : stlg or 3 . abstracts only , for those not attending . 4-00 sterling uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-00 sterling overseas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please indicate special requirements vegetarian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . parking permit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . other ( e . g . diet , accommodation , creche ) . . . . . . . . . . .
",0
871,"Subject: are most people bilingual ? - - summary
 
 a few days ago i inquired about estimates of what portion of the world 's human population is bilingual . one motive i had in asking was to be able to "" shame "" my students into taking their language study seriously . "" be a mainstream human being ! "" , i would exhort them . i thank michael brody , eva fernandez , jussi karlgren , and ruth kearns for their informative replies ( insofar as there is information to be had on this topic ) . see reference list below . the authors point out that one problem with this question is the difficulty of defining "" bilingual "" , since most people so described are not equally proficient in both languages . some key excerpts follow : romaine ( 1995 : 8 ) : "" there are about thirty times as many languages as there are countries . this entails ( sic ) the presence of bilingualism in practically every country of the world . grosjean ( 1982 : vii ) estimates that about half the world 's population is bilingual . there are , however , no really precise figures on the number and distribution of speakers of two or more languages . "" grosjean ( 1982 : 2 ) : "" it is an interesting fact that no really precise statistics exist concerning the number and distribution of speakers of two or more languages . "" romaine ( 1995 : 9 ) quotes makey ( 1967 : 11 ) : "" bilingualism , far from being exceptional , is a problem ( sic ) which affects the majority of the world 's population . "" grosjean ( 1982 : 2 ) quotes lewis ( 1976 : 115 ) : "" bilingualism has been ( , ) and is ( , ) nearer to the normal situation than most people are willing to believe . "" end of quotations . you may remember that i asked if there were any _ principled _ estimates , and , so far as i can tell , the authors say little about the bases or reasoning behind their estimates . ruth kearns points out that "" estimates tend to come from the statistics on numbers of languages spoken in various countries and statisitics of population size in those countries . "" for me , it remains a wide-open question . jussi karlgren expressed an interesting hunch , "" . . . that the number of languages spoken has an inverse correlation with the average schooling of the general population in the area . "" rather than take this as a sarcastic commentary on the inefficacy of formal language teaching , i have taken the liberty of rationalizing it as follows : schooling tends to impose artificially a single standard language to the detriment of a plurality of languages spoken "" naturally "" . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = references grosjean , francois . 1982 . life with two languages . cambridge : harvard university press . lewis , e . g . 1976 . bilingualism and bilingual education : the ancient world to the renaissance . in bilingual education : an international sociological perspective , ed . j . fishman . rowley , mass . : newbury house . mackey , william francis . 1967 . bilingualism as a world problem / le bilinguisme , phenomene mondial . montreal : harvest house . mackey , w . f . 1976 . bilinguisme et contact des langues . paris : klinckseick . romaine , suzanne . 1995 ( 2nd ed . ) . bilingualism . oxford : blackwell . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = lee hartman ga5123 @ siucvmb . siu . edu department of foreign languages southern illinois university carbondale , il 62901-4521 u . s . a .
",0
872,"Subject: fyi : umich phonetics training tools
 
 the university of michigan phonetics training tools is an ensemble of hypercard stacks designed to assist beginning students of phonetics in associating the symbols of the ipa , the sounds they represent , and the physiology underlying their production . the ptt "" skeleton "" currently available includes sound files , animated vocal tracts , and x - ray movies for each speech sound . audio - video resources can be accessed through an ipa - table interface or by manipulating a vocal tract on screen . also included are models for an ipa training game and a testing module , in which students are tested on their ability to associate ipa symbols , static vocal tract shapes , and physiological descriptions . there is a free demo copy available , containing the cartoon and x - ray for / p / , at the following url 's : http : / / www . umich . edu / ~ archive / linguistics / software / mac http : / / www . tmo . umich . edu / ling . html ( this is a cleaner , nicer url ) make sure to grab the readme file . if interested in the full version , send to um-ptt @ umich . edu
",0
873,"Subject: summary : japanese historical linguistics
 
 dear world , a while ago i asked for help in compiling a list of books and articles on japanese historical linguistics , written / published in english or german . i thank chris brockett < chrisbro @ halcyon . com > gerald b mathias < mathias @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu > nicholas ostler < nostler @ chibcha . demon . co . uk > timothy j . vance < tjvan @ conncoll . edu > alexander vovin < avvovin @ miamiu . acs . muohio . edu > for the references they sent me , and i apologise to everyone for releasing the summary later than i had promised . here it is : * * * ikeda , t . _ classical japanese grammar illustrated with texts _ . soka gakkai , 1975 . lange , roland . _ the phonology of eighth - century japanese _ . monumenta nipponica monographs . tokyo : sophia university , 1973 . lewin , bruno . [ a grammar of classical japanese in german - - av ] martin , samuel e . _ the japanese language through time _ . new haven and london : yale university press , 1987 . [ humongous . compendious . essential for anyone starting out . - - cb ] [ this book is an unparalleled achievement in proto - japanese reconstruction , and all current work in the field is mainly based on martin 's reconstruction . - - av ] [ has its own very thorough bibliography . - - gm ] miller , roy andrew . _ the japanese language _ . chicago : university of chicago press , 1967 . miller , roy andrew . _ japanese and the other altaic languages _ . chicago : university of chicago press , 1971 . sansom , george bailey . _ an historical grammar of japanese _ . oxford : clarendon press , 1928 . [ seriously outdated , but still useful . - - av ] serafim , leon a . _ shodon : the prehistory of a northern ryukyuan dialect of japanese _ . yale university dissertation , 1984 . shibatani , masayoshi . _ the languages of japan _ . cambridge : cambridge university press , 1990 . unger , j . marshall . ` studies in early japanese morphophonemics ' . in : _ indiana university linguistics club _ , bloomington , 1977 . [ reprint of yale university dissertation ; recently available in a revised edition ? - - cb ] vance , timothy j . ` on the origin of voicing alternation in japanese consonants ' . _ journal of the american oriental society _ 102 ( 1982 ) : 333-341 . wen ( c ) k , gunther . _ japanische phonologie _ . [ old but very valuable . - - cb ] whitman , john b . _ the phonological basis for the comparison of japanese and korean _ . phd , harvard university , 1985 . [ this is supposed to appear from the u of michigan press in the not too distant future . - - cb ] whitman , john b . ` a rule of medial - r - loss in pre - old japanese ' . in : philip baldi ( ed . ) , _ linguistic change and reconstruction methodology _ , berlin : mouton de gruyter , 1990 , 511-545 . [ this is * the * paper that shows how to do historical comparison between japanese and other languages . whitman 's evidence that - r - loss correlates with pitch accent in middle korean is the japanese linguist 's answer to verner 's law , demonstrating beyond all doubt the historical relationship between japanese and korean . - - cb ] - ` man , is that no terrible ? [ . . . ] ah wunner whit we should dae wi ye ? ' ivan a derzhanski ( iad @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk ) ( j stuart , _ auld testament tales _ ) * centre for cognitive science , 2 buccleuch place , edinburgh eh8 9lw , uk * cowan house e113 , pollock halls , 18 holyrood pk rd , edinburgh eh16 5bd , uk
",0
874,"Subject: language and legislation conference
 
 "" language legislation "" : an international conference organizers : dennis e . baron , english eyamba bokamba , division of english as an international language braj b . kachru , linguistics douglas a . kibbee , french dates : march 28-30 , 1996 . the university of illinois at urbana - champaign will host a conference on language legislation . a select group of invited speakers from around the world will address social issues such as community vs . individual rights , cultural survival , free trade and linguistic issues such as language and culture , language and power , bilingualism . language legislation and the concept of linguistic human rights have moved to the forefront of national and international news . in the united states , language legislation has taken the form of the national english language amendment , and a variety of state and local ordinances . in the us , legal solutions to perceived threats have quickly found their way to the courts , with appeals leading all the way to the united states supreme court . many other countries around the globe have erected legal barriers against the penetration of english or other languages perceived as threats . these laws often conflict with guarantees of individual human rights , such as the un charter or the d = e9claration des droits de l ' homme . in the realm of international law , language protection has colored debate on such issues as the general agreement on tariffs and trade ( gatt ) and has influenced the structure of international institutions like the european community and the united nations . for further information , contact : douglas a . kibbee language legislation conference department of french university of illinois 2090 foreign languages building / mc-158 707 south mathews avenue urbana il 61801 usa = 46ax : ( 1 ) ( 217 ) 244-2223 email : dkibbee @ ux1 . cso . uiuc . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dennis baron debaron @ uiuc . edu department of english office : 217-333 - 2392 university of illinois fax : 217-333 - 4321 608 south wright street home : 217-384 - 1683 urbana , illinois 61801
",0
875,"Subject: 4 . internationale arbeitstagung f r computereinsatz in der
 
 historischen sprachwissenschaft > from martinez ( martinez @ em . uni-frankfurt . d400 . de ) : http : / / www . rz . uni-frankfurt . de / home / ftp / pub / titus / public _ html / personal / e-wien 95 . html 4 . internationale arbeitstagung f r computereinsatzin der historischen sprachwissenschaft ort : wien ( sterreich ) / viena ( austria ) . zeit : september 15 . - 17 . 1995 setiembre . committee : h . eichner . adresse : institut f r sprachwissenschaft der universit t luegerring 1 , a-1010 wien tel . : + 43 - 1-40103 - 2318 fax : + 43 - 1-4039080 e-mail : heiner . eichner @ univie . ac . at die ziele der tagung sind wiederum : 1 . die allgemeine nutzbarmachung des computers f r zwecke des jeweiligen fachs ( spezieller schriften f r verschiedene sprachen , programme zur manipulation indogermanischer und anderer textcorpora usw . ) ; 2 . die koordination der fachspezifischen internationalen historischen textdatenbank titus ; 3 . die abkl rung rechtlicher fragen im zusammenhang der erfassung von texten in datenbanken ( copyright ) ; 4 . die auslotung der m glichkeit des einsatzes von grafikprogrammen ( z . b . bearbeitung von inschriftenfotos , automatisierung der pal ographie , hilfe bei textentzifferungen ) . call for papers : wir m chten alle interessenten bitten , uns m glichst umgehend , sp testens aber bis 10 . august , themen f r referate zu benennen ( redezeit ca . 20 minuten ) . anbei finden sie ein formblatt f r die anmeldung . senden sie es bitte ausgef llt bis sp testens 10 . august an das tagungssekretariat . eine teilnahmegeb hr von ats 100 , - wird bei tagungsbeginn eingehoben . zimmerreservierungen richten sie bitte ausschliealich mittels beiliegendem formular ( auch per fax m glich ) an das sterreichische verkehrsb ro . angemeldete teilnehmer erhalten ein weiteres rundschreiben mit angaben zum abhaltungsort und ablauf der tagung . mit freundlichen gr aen , an das institut f r sprachwissenschaft der universit t wien luegerring 1 a-1010 wien name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . adresse : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tel . , e-mail : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . referat : o ja o nein titel des referats : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . datum : . . . . . . . . . . unterschrift : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ende / fin
",0
876,"Subject: research studentship in phonetics
 
 ph . d . research studentship in phonetics at central lancashir university duration : 3 years funding : stlg 4910 plus allowances and fees ( under review ) topic : research in intonation joint project between linguistics , psychology and elec . engineering proposed area is "" alignment of f0 contours and syllable structure "" ; it will involve instrumental analysis of naturally occurring speech and also some perception experiments . applicants who would like to undertake a project with a different focus are encouraged to submit them . closing date 4th august for further information : contact c . d . smith @ uclan . ac . uk or a . wichmann @ uclan . ac . uk ( after 23rd july ) ( anne wichmann )
",0
877,"Subject: sum : word processors for linguists
 
 summary of question about numbered examples , etc . in word 2 for windows first of all i want to thank all those who showed me how to number examples in word and gave me other advice . secondly , i want to apologize for not mentioning that i was referring to windows programs , and not mac programs . most people who wrote figured that one out , probably from the version numbers . in what follows , my comments are in square brackets . this was the original question : > i am thinking of moving ( "" migrating "" ? ) from wordperfect 6 to ms word > 6 , which came bundled with my new computer , and would like to know if people > with similar experiences have anything of interest to say about such a move , > such as for example any good references to look into ( that are not too basic ; > the software did n't come with a reference manual , just the online manual ) . > > two specific questions : > > 1 ) numbered examples : wp can set up counters , which is how i dealt with > numbered examples . word does n't seem to have a similar > capability ? could that be possible ? how do people deal with automatic > numbering of examples in word ( as well as cross-references to examples ) ? > > 2 ) file manager : this is something where wp is better than word by a long > shot , but i understand there are add-ons for word out there . has anybody > heard of this ? > > 3 ) search software : while i ' m at it , i just got a message about a software > utility called powersearch , by commtech , which has powerful search mechanisms > and works in word or wordperfect ( there are two versions ) . has anyone had > any experience with this ? ( it is obtainable with ftp ) . windows vs . mac [ there are more than twice as much pcs out there than mac 's , but perhaps among linguists the percentages are more even . i ' m not ready to change though . i am quite happy with pcs thank you very much . ] you do n't say whether you ' re a mac or pc person , but the reviews of word 6 for mac were uniformly enormously negative : they actually ported woindows onto the mac ! since we mac users continually have to escape the really lousy windows imitations of things the mac does gracefully , we can't imaging why they did that ! the macuser review recommended nisuswritier as the word processor of choice now ( and if you are evern going to use alien scripts , there 's no substitute ) ; but you shluld also look at framemaker ( abvailable for lots of platforms , ioncluding windows ) ; it can number an idefinitely large number of different series , cross-refer between chapters that are separate files , etc . it only is n't woldscript - sensitive . ( version 4 . 0 . 4 was sort of , but was buggy , and in the just-released version 5 , they abancdoned it . ) wordperfect vs . word [ the advantage of wp for linguists is definitely the special characters it supports , though the special fonts that come with wp ( which are true type ) will work , i believe , with word , so word users can get a hold of these true type fonts from their wp user friends . ] i am in a similar situation : my new office computer came with microsoft office , which includes word . i toyed with the idea of switching from word perfect , but after a minimal amount of tinkering with word , i have about abandoned the idea . the main reason , for me , is that word perfect comes with a fairly extensive set of special characters , which i use a lot . they include several foreign alphabets , most of the ipa alphabet , characters for logical notation , and so forth . word , as far as i can tell , comes with hardly any of these . so i have about decided to erase office from my hard drive and install what i really use . numbered examples [ word can indeed number examples or anything at all . the terminology is a bit different though , which is why i was confused . in wp you set up counters , but in word you set up sequences . ] [ several people told me that they had gotten this to work , though they did n't all know how they did it . however , after they pointed me in the right direction , i was able to figure it out . ] you set up a counter by using the seq field ( look in your manual under fields ) . fields are somewhat like codes in wordperfect , they have links to things like counters ( chapter number , section , number ) or dates , file names , etc . one of the fields is seq . ( a ) chose : insert / field , click seq , which will give you a seq in the bottom window ; add "" ex / n "" to the right of the seq code in lower window , press return ( the ex is the name or identifier for the counter , the / n is to increase the number by 1 ) . the first time you do this a 1 will show up , the second a 2 , etc . ( you can set up more than one such counter / sequence by giving each sequence a diferent name an identifier ) ( there are many predefined sequences , e . g . { seq chapter } refers to chapter numbers . ) ( b ) you can create a macro , which then you can assign to a button or a key combination , which does : 1 ) choose a paragraph type you ' ve created which has the right margins , font size , etc . for your example paragraph ; and 2 ) right tab , ( , the stuff in ( a ) above , ) , left tab . ( c ) cross - referencing examples : very easy . first you have to create a bookmark for an example you want to cross-reference : a ) highlight the number created in ( a ) above ( along with the parentheses ) . b ) choose edit / bookmark , give the bookmark a name ( 40 characters ) , e . g . donkey _ sentence c ) when you want to refer to it , you type , e . g . , "" as we saw in example "" ; then you click insert / cross - reference , click bookmark , click the name of the bookmark , click insert . of course , many of these operations can be simplified with macros . there are many possibilities that i have n't mentioned . for instance , if you want to number the examples in ch . 3 in the format ( 3 . 1 ) , all you have to is before you insert the field for seq , you insert the field for the chapter . ] help on numbering in word 2 came from : numbering examples in dos : you are right , the automatic numbering of examples in word ( . 4 , . 5 & . 6 ) is inexistant which is a problem for linguists since we deal with a lot of examples in our text . if this can be of any interst for you i have found an excellent programm which allows me to do automatic numbering of examples as well as cross-references to examples in the text . the name of the program is renumber 1 . 2 and you can get it by writing to : jonathan mead ; 356 no . spaulding ave . ; los angele , ca ; usa 90036 or by e-mailing jonathan at : izzyt09 @ uclamvs i have been told that the fees for this programm are $ 15 . for student and $ 20 . for non student . [ i have used renumber in the past , and it works well . it is not as convenient as the features in word and wordperfect though . ] powerful searches if you are a mac user and are looking for super-sophisticated searching , try nisus which uses grep conventions and is the best going that i know of . regarding your 's earch ' question , there is a * lot * of stuff available out there , depending on the scope of your intended use . . . . if you ' re just going for personal use on 1 pc , you may want to look at eclipse find , not free , but only $ 99 , last time i looked . ( just my $ 0 . 02 ) . [ powersearch seems to be pretty nice . i downloaded it from simtel ( ftp oak . oakland . edu , cd simtel / win3 / winword ( or cd simtel / win3 / wpwin ) , and get the compressed binary file powersch . zip ( or searchwp . zip ) . unfortunatel this version has the powerful features locked , and to unlock them you have to send in $ 50 , which i have not done . the search possibilities seem pretty impressive . trees huge advantage if you would make use of it is that you can easily draw trees , using the integral drawing program ( from what people say , it sounds better than arboreal ) . i keep a little file of tree-parts . reference books [ i should say that the microsoft office professional cd-rom which came wih my computer does have all the manuals in it . af first , i was n't too excited about these electronic books , but now that i ' ve gotten used to the idea , it 's not so bad . ] books : i have borland 's running word 6 . it is fairly adequate . but it does not explain about styles and templates sufficiently , to my mind ( admittedly somewhat addled ) and it does not have enough information about long documents ( master documents ) . the index is useless , until you already know what you want to find out . the help system is extensive , though again it is sometimes hard to know what to ask it . depending on your learning style , you may be quite handicapped without a real manual , but happily there are commercial versions available at most bookstores "" prima visual learning guide for word 6 . 0 "" ( prima publishing , po box 1260bk rocklin , ca 95677 ) is an example . on the other hand , it is good to get used to the on-line help , because it 's always there . file managers what do you want to do ? delete files ? view files ? create directories ? windows file manager , while not the best option , offers much of this function , just a mouse click away . also , try word 's find file command ( under the file menu ) i was real happy when i figured out how to do this one : i knew you could look at a file in wp without opening it , but i was not sure how to do this in word : here 's how : from the file menu , choose find file . select the file whose contents you want to view . if you do n't see the file you are looking for , search for it : click on the search button , choose the drive and directory ( s ) you want to look in , make a wildcard filename ( like * . rev ) choose include subdirectories ( if you want to check your whole drive , etc ) , click on ok , and look at the list of files found . to preview the file , select preview in the view box ( still in the find file dialog box . then just click on the filename you want to look at , and you will see the first page on the screen . you can scroll through it to browse , you can delete , copy , open etc . by choosing the commands button . - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - jon aske home address : bates college 12 bardwell st . lewiston , maine 04240 , usa lewiston , maine 04240-6336 e-mail : jaske @ abacus . bates . edu - phone / fax : ( 207 ) 786-0589 - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = -
",0
878,"Subject: job at max planck institute for psycholinguistics
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - phd position at the max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen , the netherlands the max planck institute for psycholinguistics invites applications for a phd position in its language production research group . the dissertation work will concern an experimental investigation of semantic and morphophonological aspects of word production . the position will be available from 1st september 1995 . the duration of the appointment will be maximally three years . the salary will follow the guidelines of the max - planck gesellschaft . applicants should have a first degree ( bachelors or equivalent ) in psychology or linguistics . applications including a cv , a list of courses taken , and the names of two referents should be sent to : dr . ardi roelofs , max planck institute for psycholinguistics , p . o . box 310 , 6500 ah , nijmegen , the netherlands . tel : + 31-80 - 521320 . e - mail : ardi @ mpi . nl fax : + 31-80 - 521213 closing date for applications : three weeks after appearance of this advertisement .
",0
879,"Subject: sum : metathesis
 
 back in may i posted a query on both linguist and an-lang ( austronesian languages and linguistics ) asking for references on treatments of metathesis using recent phonological theory . i was mainly interested in synchronic metathesis of c / v type , which occurs pervasively in dawan ( w . timor ) which i was doing a bit of work on . this is a summary of responses on both lists , which came from : juliette blevins , bob blust , jim fox , beth hume , greg kinkley , john mccarthy , andy pawley , john stonham , mark taber , and aone van engelenhoven . it turns out that metathesis has come to play a fairly important role in recent discussions of morphological and phonological theory . also more and more examples of metathesis as a synchronic phenomenon have been coming to light in various language descriptions . austronesian languages have provoked considerable interest , with rotuman probably the best known ( e . g . besnier 1987 ) , letinese ( van engelenhoven ) and dawan ( steinhauer , tarno et al . ) becoming better known in the literature , and ( chuck and barabara grimes p . c . ) a number of other languages of eastern indonesia exhibiting varieties of metathesis waiting in the wings for examination by theoreticians ( e . g . christensen and christensen 1992 ; coward 1990 ; coward and coward to appear ; marshall 1991 ; steven 1990 ; taber and taber 1992 - references provided by mark taber ) . metathesis is a relatively rare phenomenon in natural language . in a climate where theoreticians are wanting more and more to let universal principles and constraints explain the output of grammars , it appears to contravene constraints that both phonologists and morphologists would like to impose on languages . an important change suggested in autosegmental theory which was designed to accommodate some crucial instances of metathesis without appealing to movement rules , was the segregation of c and v tiers , applied to rotuman in besnier ( 1987 ) . since then moves have been made to make constraints and their interplay the foundation of theory more directly , and the trend seems to be towards abandoning such devices as tier segregation , at least in optimality theory . in optimality theory , one of the constraints suggested is that segments should preserve their linear order ( linearity : mccarthy 1995 ) . obviously overridden in heavily metathesising languages like dawan . in approaches within optimality theory ( mccarthy , hume ) one principle can dominate another principle , and therefore override it . in c / v metathesising languages , under certain conditions a principle demanding ( morpheme - or word - ) final closed syllables dominates others which would achieve contrary effects , allowing metathesis to occur [ apologies for mangling complex arguments in an attempt at one-line summary ] . another problem raised by metathesis in the realm of morphology is noted by stonham ( 1994 : 141 - 2 ) : "" it defies the use of concatenative accounts of morphological effects . . . it has been called upon as a key example of the need for process - based morphology in such works as anderson ( 1983 , 1992 ) , janda ( 1984 ) and zwicky ( 1988 ) "" . stonham argues to the contrary that difficulties encountered by combinatorial morphology in handling metathesis do not show that the theory is inadequate or processes like movement rules are needed : rather the difficulties reflect the fact that metathesis does not occur as a grammatical marker . he reanalyses several instances of apparent grammatical metathesis as resulting from phonological processes . this approach looks promising , at least for dawan , where much of the metathesis looks as if it could be ultimately prosodically motivated , although i can't prove that right now . although blevins ( 1994 ) is more about such things as vowel length than metathesis directly , the approach , which emphasises looking at metathesis not as an isolated phenomenon , but in the context of a full prosodic analysis , is admirable . such analysis would need to take into account discourse conditioning too , as noted by mark taber for luang . references anderson , stephen r . ( 1983 ) rules as ' morphemes ' in a theory of inflection . in d . rood ed . proceedings of the 1983 mid - america linguistics conference . 3-21 . boulder : u colorado . anderson , stephen r . ( 1992 ) a - morphous morphology . cambridge university press . besnier , niko ( 1987 ) an autosegmental approach to metathesis in rotuman . lingua 73 : 201-223 . blevins , juliette ( 1994 ) the bimoraic foot in rotuman phonology and morphology . oceanic linguistics . 33 . 2 : 491-516 . christensen , john and sylvia ( 1992 ) kisar phonology . in : phonological studies in four languages of maluku . ed . by donald a . burquest and wyn d . laidig : 33-65 . dallas : the summer institute of linguistics . coward , david f . ( 1990 ) an introduction to the grammar of selaru . m . a . thesis . arlington : university of texas at arlington . coward , david f . , and naomi coward . ( in press ) a phonological sketch of the selaru language . to appear in pacific linguistics . hume , elizabeth ( 1995 ) a prosodic theory of metathesis . ms . ohio state university . hume , elizabeth ( in press ) beyond linear order : prosodic constraints and c / v metathesis . proceedings of flsm6 . indiana linguistics club . janda , richard ( 1984 ) why morphological metathesis rules are rare : on the possibilities of historical explanation in linguistics . bls . 10 : 87-103 . mccarthy , john ( 1989 ) linear order in phonological theory . linguistic inquiry 20 . 1 : 71-100 . mccarthy , john ( 1995 ) extensions of faithfulness : rotuman revisited . ms . marshall , craig ( 1991 ) a phonology of fordata . m . a . thesis . arlington : university of texas at arlington . mettler , toni and heidi ( ? ) phonological sketch of yamdena . working papers in indonesian language & culture 8 29 - 79 steinhauer , hein ( 1991 ) morphemic metathesis in dawanese ( timor ) . paper to 6th international conference on austronesian linguistics . steinhauer , hein ( 1994 ) [ ? title ] on metathesis in dawanese verbs , in : ger . p . reesink ed . topics in descriptive austronesian linguistics , semaian 11 , leiden : dep . of languages & cultures of s . e . asia & oceania : 130-158 . steven , lee anthony . 1990 . the phonology of roma , an austronesian language of eastern indonesia . m . a . thesis . arlington : university of texas at arlington . stonham , john ( 1994 ) combinatorial morphology . amsterdam : jon benjamins . taber , mark , and kathy taber . 1992-ms . a phonological sketch of the luang language . unpublished manuscript . tarno , wakidi , s . j . mboeik , p . sawardo , s . kushyaryanto ( 1989 ) tata bahasa dawan . proyek penelitan bahasa dan sastra indonesia dan derah nusa tenggara timur pusat pembinaan dan pengembangan bahasa departemen pendidikan dan kebudayaan . van der hulst , harry & aone van engelenhoven ( 1995 ) metathesis effects in tutukeian - letinese , in harry van der hulst & jeroen van de weijer eds . leiden in last , proceedings ( or papers ? ) of hilp 1 . the hague : holland academic graphics . zwicky , arnold ( 1988 ) morphological rules , operations and operation types . escol . 4 : 318-334 .
",0
880,"Subject: sum : a ( formerly ) productive morphological process ?
 
 about 3 weeks ago , i posted in linguist 6-954 a query regarding the status in current english of a compounding process , involving the use of a ` combining form ' ending in - o - , which had given us not only such ethnic / geograhical terms as ` anglo - saxon ' , ` afro - asiatic ' , and ` dano - norwegian ' but ` sociopolitical ' , ` socioeconomic ' , etc . i was prompted in this query by the recent replacement of the label ` afro - american ' by the fuller form ` african american ' and by the appearance in a new edition of a college textbook of the term ` european american ' to mean what i have long referred to as ` euro - american ' . the issue first came to my attention a few years ago through a column in the university of illinois newspaper , in which an undergraduate woman of african ancestry explicitly rejected the label ` black ' on the grounds that it is , technically , inaccurate ; the skins of the people in question are merely a darker shade of brown than those of europeans . having said this , she then went on to reject the label ` afro - american ' because she could n't find ` afro ' on a map . as a linguist , i naturally wondered if she was unaware of the general compounding process involved . then a few weeks ago at work i found that the authors of the above-mentioned textbook ( on sociology , if i remember correctly ) had meticulously replaced every instance of the label ` white ' in the previous edition with the expression ` european - american ' . i began wondering if i was seeing a trend . first of all , i would like to thank the following respondents : lynne cahill < lynneca @ cogs . susx . ac . uk > lee hartman < ga5123 @ siucvmb . siu . edu > larry horn < lhorn @ yalevm . cis . yale . edu > james kirchner < jpkirchner @ aol . com > kevin lemoine < lemoine @ mail . utexas . edu > the general consensus seems to be that the ascendency of the full expression ` african - american ' can be dated to a speech by the rev . jesse jackson in the late 80 's . to quote lee hartman : ` i think the entire "" phenomenon "" can be attributed to a single individual , and with alittle research we could even determine the precise date when he made his announcement . this is a textbook case of "" pristine "" etymology ( where the historical events giving rise to a word are still alive in the memories of living witnesses ) . ` i ' m referring to an announcement made by jackson to the effect that he felt the term "" black "" had too many negative connotations , and that he wanted to institute a more dignified term for americans descended from africans . ` i think jackson said explicitly that he briefly considered the term "" afro - american "" , but he rejected it on the grounds that "" afro "" was too closely equated with a particular hair-style , and he did n't want a term that would suggest merely "" americans who wear afro hair-do 's "" . ' a second motivating consideration mentioned by some of my respondents was that the reduction of ` african ' to ` afro - ' involved in the formation of the older ` afro - american ' might be interpreted as deemphasis and might thus be irritating , if not offensive , to people who regard their african heritage as a matter of pride . this is quite plausible , although it is n't consistent throughout the general speech community : it is not the case that every english speaker , in every circumstance , regards the formation of the - o - combining form from some word for the purpose of coining a compound involves the deemphasis of that word or its referent . for instance , in regarding myself as a ` euro - american ' i definitely emphasize the ` euro - ' part . and another of my respondents pointed out progovac ' recent rejection of the label ` serbo - croatian ' in favour of ` serbian / croatian ' on the grounds that the older / more traditional / conven - tional label places too * much * emphasis on the serbian component . on a somewhat parallel note , one of my respondents suggested that the form ` euro - ' might be rejected because , at least to an american , its most obvious association is with the expression ` eurotrash ' , which i have to admit is not part of my experience ; i am more accustomed to its usage in europe , in which it tends to connote ` cosmopolitan ' or at least ` pan - european ' as opposed to narrowly nationalistic . on the broader question addressed by my query , there appears to be no evidence that the morphological process of creating combining forms in - o - is itself on the way out in english ; only one or two instantiations of it are currently being rejected by some people for sociopolitical reasons . as to the past history of this process in english ( it 's presumably either borrowed from or heavily encouraged by greek ) , i have so far heard very little . best , steven - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dr . steven schaufele 712 west washington urbana , il 61801 217-344 - 8240 fcosws @ prairienet . org * * * * o syntagmata linguarum liberemini humanarum ! * * * * * * nihil vestris privari nisi obicibus potestis ! * * *
",0
881,"Subject: new www - server in germany
 
 hi there , i thought some of you ( esp . germans ) would like to know that we are funding a new www - server for german linguistics in essen ( germany ) . there are links to other interesting sites and we are also going to provide papers - there are already a few . unfortunaltely its written in german , but we are going to provide an english version , too . there are already two papers in english . check it out if you want and tell me what you think of this . : http : / / www . uni-essen . de / fb3 / linse / home . htm thanks in advance + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + elisabeth coelfen voice : + 49-2065 - 67180 fax : + 49-2065 - 64229 email : se178co @ uni-duisburg . de oder compuserve : 100577 , 1055 http : / / www . uni-essen . de / fb3 / linse / ecoelfen . htm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
",0
882,"Subject: aisb96 call for workshop proposals
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - aisb-96 : call for workshop proposals - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for workshop proposals : aisb-96 university of sussex , brighton , england april 1 - - 2 , 1996 society for the study of artificial intelligence and simulation of behaviour ( ssaisb ) workshop series chair : dave cliff , university of sussex local organisation chair : alison white , university of sussex the aisb is the uk 's largest and foremost artificial intelligence society - - now in it 's 32nd year . the society has an international membership of nearly 900 drawn from both academia and industry . membership is open to anyone with interests in artifical intelligence and the cognitive and computing sciences . the aisb committee invites proposals for workshops to be held at the university of sussex campus , on april 1st and 2nd , 1996 . the aisb workshop series is held in even years during the easter vacation . in odd years workshops are held immediately before the biennial conference . the intention of holding a regular workshop series is to provide an administrative and organisational framework for workshop organisers , thus reducing the administrative burden for individuals and freeing them to focus on the scientific programme . accommodation , food , and social events are organised for all workshop participants by the local organisers . proposals are invited for workshops relating to any aspect of artificial intelligence or the simulation of behaviour . proposals , from an individual or a pair of organisers , for workshops between 0 . 5 and 2 days long will be considered . workshops will probably address topics which are at the forefront of research , but perhaps not yet sufficiently developed to warrant a full-scale conference . in addition to research workshops , a ' postgraduate workshop ' has become a successful regular event over recent years . this event focuses on how to survive the process of studying for a phd in ai / cognitive science , and has a hybrid workshop / tutorial nature . we welcome proposals , particularly from current phd survivors , to organise the 1996 postgraduate workshop at sussex . for further information on organising the postgraduate workshop , please see the aisb96 web page ( address below ) or contact dave cliff or alison white . proposals for tutorials will also be considered , and will be assessed on individual merit : please contact dave cliff or alison white for further details of submission of tutorial proposals . it is the general policy of aisb to only approve tutorials which look likely to be financially viable . submission : - - - - - - - - - - a workshop proposal should contain the following information : 1 . workshop title 2 . a detailed outline of the workshop . this should include the necessary background and the potential target audience for the workshop and a justified estimate of the number of possible attendees . please also state the length and preferred date ( s ) of the workshop . specify any equipment requirements , indicating whether the organisers would be expected to meet them . 3 . a brief resume of the organiser ( s ) . this should include : background in the research area , references to published work in the topic area and relevant experience , such as previous organisation or chairing of workshops . 4 . administrative information . this should include : name , mailing address , phone number , fax , and email address if available . in the case of multiple organisers , information for each organiser should be provided , but one organiser should be identified as the principal contact . 5 . a draft call for participation . this should serve the dual purposes of informing and attracting potential participants . the organisers of accepted workshops are responsible for issuing a call for participation , reviewing requests to participate and scheduling the workshop activities within the constraints set by the workshop organiser . they are also responsible for submitting a collated set of papers for their workshop to the workshop series chair . workshop participants will receive bound photocopies of the collated set of papers , with copyright retained by the authors . individual workshop organisers may wish to approach publishers to discuss publication of workshop papers in journal or book forms . dates : - - - - - intentions to organise a workshop should be made known to the workshop series chair ( dave cliff ) as soon as possible . proposals must be received by october 1st 1995 . workshop organisers will be notified by october 15th 1995 . organisers should be prepared to send out calls for workshop participation as soon as possible after this date . collated sets of papers to be received by march 15th 1996 . proposals should be sent to : dave cliff aisb96 workshop series chair school of cognitive and computing sciences university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh u . k . email : davec @ cogs . susx . ac . uk phone : + 44 1273 678754 fax : + 44 1273 671320 electronic submission ( plain ascii text ) is highly preferred , but hard copy submission is also accepted , in which case 5 copies should be submitted . proposals should not exceed 2 sides of a4 ( i . e . 120 lines of text approx . ) . general enquiries should be addressed to : alison white aisb96 local organisation chair school of cognitive and computing sciences university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh u . k . email : alisonw @ cogs . susx . ac . uk phone : + 44 1273 678448 fax : + 44 1273 671320 a copy of this call , with further details for workshop organisers ( including a full schedule ) , is available on the www from : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / aisb / aisb96 / cfw . html a plain - ascii version of the web page is available via anonymous ftp from : % ftp ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk login : anonymous password : [ your _ email @ your _ address ] ftp cd pub / aisb / aisb96 ftp get [ filename ] * ftp quit * files available at present are : readme call _ for _ proposals
",0
883,"Subject: ranlp ' 95 program
 
 international conference "" recent advances in natural language processing "" tzigov chark , bulgaria 14 - 16 sept 1995 call for participation location : tzigov chark is a beautiful resort in the rhodope mountains on the shore of batak lake . tzigov chark is 150km from sofia , the capital of bulgaria . program : 14 september morning session 9 . 00 invited paper aravind joshi ( usa ) some linguistic , computational and statistical implications of lexicalized grammars 9 . 40 mihoko kitamura , yuji matsumoto ( japan ) a mt system based on translation rules acquired from parallel corpora 10 . 10 ye - yi wang and alex waibel ( usa ) connectionist transfer in machine translation 10 . 40 coffee break 11 . 10 marcel cori , michel de fornel , j . m . marandin ( france ) parsing repairs 11 . 40 udo hahn , michael strube ( germany ) parsetalk about textual ellipsis 12 . 10 hideki kozima , akira ito ( japan ) context - sensitive measurement of word distance by adaptive scaling of a semantic space afternoon session 15 . 00 ruslan mitkov ( germany ) two engines are better than one : generating more power and confidence in the search for the antecedent 15 . 30 malgorzata stys ( uk ) , stefan zemke ( sweden ) incorporating discourse aspects in polish - english mt : towards robust implementation 16 . 00 tadashi nomoto ( japan ) effects of grammatical annotation on a topic identification task coffee break 17 . 00 victoria arranz , ian radford , sofia ananiadou , jun - ichi tsujii ( uk ) towards a sublanguage-based semantic clustering algorithm 17 . 30 r . basili , m . della rocca , maria pazienza , p . velardi ( italy ) contexts and categories : tuning a general purpose verb classification to sublanguages 18 . 00 marie owens , p . o'boyle , f . j . smith ( uk ) a missing-word evaluation of statistical language model performance using human subjects 15 september morning session 9 . 00 invited paper jun - ichi tsujii ( uk ) machine translation : productivity and conventionality of language 9 . 40 david d . palmer ( usa ) experiments in multilingual sentence boundary recognition 10 . 10 harris papageorgiou ( greece ) clause recognition in the framework of alignment 10 . 40 coffee break 11 . 10 jung h . shin , young s . han , young c . park , key s . choi ( korea ) a hmm part - of - speech tagger for korean with wordphrasal relations 11 . 40 kuang - hua chen , hsin - hsi chen ( taiwan ) a corpus-based approach to text partition 12 . 10 khalil sima ' an ( holland ) an optimized algorithm for data oriented parsing afternoon session 15 . 00 christer samuelsson ( germany ) example - based optimization of surface - generation tables 15 . 30 kalina boncheva ( bulgaria ) generation of multilingual explanations from conceptual graphs 16 . 00 akito nagai , ishikawa yasushi , nakajima kunio ( japan ) concept - driven search algorithm incorporating semantic interpretation and speech recognition coffee break 17 . 00 german rigau claramunt and eneko agirre ( spain ) a proposal for word sense disambiguation using conceptual distance martin simon ulmann ( switzerland ) decomposing german compound nouns 17 . 20 jan schaake and geert - jan m . kruijff ( holland ) information states based analysis of dialogues zaharin yusoff ( malaysia ) unification - like attribute operations in the string-tree correspondence grammar 17 . 20 galja angelova ( bulgaria ) naive lexicon or cryptic formalismus ? user support in machine aided translation franklin cho ( usa ) implementing scrambling in korean : a principles and parameters approach 17 . 40 fuji ren , lixin fan ( japan ) reservable structural ambiguities and its application in japanese - chinese machine translation matthew hurst ( uk ) parsing for targeted errors in controlled languages 16 september morning session 9 . 00 invited paper christian boitet ( france ) and mutsuko tomokiyo ( japan ) ambiguities and ambiguity labelling : towards ambiguity databases 9 . 40 ivan bretan , maans engstedt and bjoern gambaeck ( sweden ) a multimodal environment for telecommunication specifications 10 . 10 inaki alegria , xabier artola , kepa sarasola ( spain ) improving a robust morphological analyzer using lexical transducers 10 . 40 coffee break 11 . 10 wiebke ramm and claudia villiger ( germany ) global text organization and sentence - grammatical realization : towards a discourse - level control of grammatical selections 11 . 40 jan schaake and geert - jan m . kruijff ( holland ) discerning relevant information in discourses using tfa 12 . 10 olivier ferret and brigitte grau ( france ) an episodic memory for understanding and learning afternoon session 15 . 00 ismail biskri , jean pierre descles ( france ) applicative and combinatory categorial grammar ( from syntax to functional semantics ) 15 . 30 hang li and naoki abe ( japan ) generalizing case frames using a thesaurus and the mdl principle 16 . 00 allan ramsay , reinhard schaeler ( ireland ) case and word order in english and german coffee break 17 . 00 akira utsumi ( japan ) how to interpret irony by computer : a comprehensive framework for irony manfred kudlek ( germany ) some formal aspects of time , tense and aspect 17 . 20 jawad berri , dominique le roux , denise malrieu , jean - luc minel ( france ) seraphin , an automatic system for main sentences extraction chadia moghrabi , l . girard , m . s . eid ( canada ) chemistry : a new domain for a portable text generation system 17 . 40 marie christine villain , philippe trigano , jean deloire ( france ) intelligent textual database and automatic aquisition of word associations nigel collier ( uk ) contextual meta-knowledge acquisition from corpora conference information : for further information please contact : prof . ruslan mitkov < mitkov @ informatik . uni-hamburg . de > or nicolas nicolov < nicolas @ edinburgh . aisb . ac . uk > conference venue : the conference will take place in hotel "" orpheus "" , tzigov chark , which accomodates up to 50 participants . we have chosen a small and cosy conference hotel to create a better and friendlier working and social environment : however this implies restrictions on the availability of single rooms and participants will be normally offered to share 2 - bed rooms or have a single room in a nearby hostel . since only limited number of rooms are available , those interested in attending the conference are encouraged to register as early as possible . late registrations could not be guaranteed . location and transportation : tzigov chark is situated on the shore of the beautiful batak lake in the western rhodope mountains and is 150km from sofia , the capital of bulgaria . the local organisers will provide a daily shuttle bus / conference taxi from sofia airport to the summer school location at an inexpensive rate . sofia is easily accessible by plane from most major european cities ( e . g . daily flights or several flights per week from london , frankfurt , paris , zurich , vienna and other european cities ) . there are also direct flights to sofia from north america ( new york , toronto ) and asia ( singapore , bangkok , kuala lumpur ) . in order to enable the local organisers to plan the shuttle service efficiently , please contact victoria arranz < victoria @ ccl . umist . ac . uk > with details about your journey ( arrival / departure time and date ) at least 2 weeks before you leave for the summer school . related events : the conference participants are also invited to take part in the int . summer school "" contemporary topics in computational linguistics "" , which will take place immediately before the conference in the same hotel . further information about the conference can be obtained from : prof . r . mitkov < mitkov @ informatik . uni-hamburg . de > or nicolas nicolov < nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk > or you can have a look at the following www page at url : http : / / www . dai . ed . ac . uk / misc / nlp _ conf . html registration for the conference : kindly note that bank processing charges are at the expense of the participants . international conference "" recent advances in natural language processing "" registration form name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration fee ( after 1 august ) . : _ _ _ _ 210 usd for industrial participants 170 usd for academic staff 130 usd for students accommodation + half-board : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 30 usd per day per person ) specify days - sept 1995 . : [ ] 13 , [ ] 14 , [ ] 15 , [ ] 16 , [ ] 17 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = total amount in usd sent . : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date of bank transfer . . . : 1995 bank transfer reference no : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to bank account ( tick one ) : [ ] bank . . . . : amex account no . : 00710 756 of first private bank pls , bulgaria instructions : for onward credit to first private bank , shoumen branch - nikolai nikolov account in usd : 95079620 4 1 00 2560 1 4 address of receipient : nikolai nikolov incoma , p . o . box 20 9700 shumen , bulgaria tel : + 359-54 5 69 48 ( office ) email : nikolov @ incoma-td . bg * or * [ ] bank . . . . : citibank new york account no . : 36015 992 of first private bank pls , bulgaria instructions : for onward credit to first private bank , shoumen branch - nikolai nikolov account in usd : 95079620 4 1 00 2560 1 4 address of receipient : nikolai nikolov incoma , p . o . box 20 9700 shumen , bulgaria tel : + 359-54 5 69 48 ( office ) email : nikolov @ incoma-td . bg email your registration forms to : nicolas nicolov < nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk >
",0
884,"Subject: edt
 
 job openings in speech and language processing bbn systems and technologies , cambridge , ma the speech and language processing department at bolt beranek and newman inc . has several exciting positions in speech recognition , language understanding and character recognition . to apply send your resume and indication of which position you are interested in to karen nicholson ( knicholson @ bbn . com ) . positions : applied computational linguist work with a research team to develop fieldable technology including advance prototypes and products in information extraction systems , including name recognition and template fill from newswire . experience in applying computational linguistics to real applications , excellent skills as a programmer in c / c + + / lisp , and degree in computer science or related field required . u . s . citizenship and willingness to get a dod clearance required . statistical computational linguist reserach and development of new techniques and software for processing large corpora , including languages other than english , and language modeling for speech and nl systems . masters or phd in computer science or related area , strong math / stat background , strong c programming skills required . experience in lisp , splus , perl a plus . u . s . citizenship and fluency in a second language desirable . entry level researcher participate in a research group developing algorithms and building systems for advanced speech and language technologies , provide support by implementing algorithms , running experiments , collecting and analyzing data . bachelor 's level in computer science , engineering , or related field , excellent undergraduate gpa , experience in university research lab or summer internship , and programming skills in c / c + + and unix required . some experience in speech or language technology a plus . u . s . citizenship and willingness to get a dod clearance desirable . applications engineer design and implement applications at the cutting edge of speech and language technology , such as medical dictation , reading and language learning assistants , transcription of telephone speech for deaf listeners , topic identification from video , voice mail transcription , information extraction systems . requirements : extensive experience in advance technology software systems , including product-level code and documentation ; master level programmer in c / c + + , with at least one year 's experience each in unix and ms windows ; experience in graphical user interfaces ; bachelor 's or masters degree in computer science . lisp experience helpful . experience in fields related to speech and natural language a plus . u . s . citizenship and willingness to get a dod clearance desirable . algorithm developer work with a research team designing and implementing algorithms for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition , systems incorporating voice input and output such as spoken language systems , and optical character recognition . requirements include master 's in computer science , mathematics , engineering , or related field or equivalent expereince and excellent programming skills in c / c + + and unix . background in one or more of the following areas desirable : statistical modeling , pattern recognition , speech processing , character recognition . knowledge of lisp , splus , and perl a plus . the speech and language processing department of bbn systems and technologies , a subsidiary of bolt beranek and newman inc . ( nyse : bbn ) , has been a world leader in computer-based speech and language research and development for 25 years . the department continues to make cutting-edge advances in the areas of speech recognition , speaker and language identification , natural language understanding , interactive spoken language systems , and data extraction from text .
",0
885,"Subject: 
 
 university of massachusetts occasional papers in linguistics , volume 18 : papers in optimality theory . ed . by j . beckman , l . walsh dickey and s . urbanczyk . pb . viii + 705 pp . $ 16 + s / h ( $ 3 domestic , $ 4 foreign surface . graduate linguistic student association ( glsa ) , university of massachusetts , amherst . this collection of recent work in optimality theory includes both syntax and phonology papers . the full table of contents , along with ordering information , may be obtained from glsa @ linguist . umass . edu . below is a list of authors whose work is included in umop 18 . mahasen abu - mansour ; john alderete ; jill beckman ; laura benua ; pat deevy ; mike dickey ; jane grimshaw & vieri samek - lodovici ; david holton ; junko ito & armin mester ; greg lamontagne & keren rice ; geraldine legendre , colin wilson , paul smolensky , kristin homer & william raymond ; linda lombardi ; john mccarthy & alan prince ; jaye padgett ; sam rosenthall ; lisa selkirk ; tim sherer ; peggy speas ; suzanne urbanczyk ; ellen woolford ; jennifer yearley . available in september . prepaid orders are encouraged . e - mail : < glsa @ linguist . umass . edu > two new books from kluwer : duffield , particles and projections in irish syntax july 1995 , 374 pp . , hardbound isbn 0-7923 - 3550 - 3 , nlg 220 . 00 booij , yearbook of morphology 1994 april 1995 , 320 pp . , hardbound isbn 0-7923 - 3244 - x , nlg 280 . 00 you can find additional information on kluwer 's gopher - server : gopher . wkap . nl
",0
886,"Subject: teach english in germany ?
 
 the university of regensburg , germany , announces an unanticipated vacany for a position of lektor , to teach english for a period of up to five years . an informal job description follows . applications should reach me by august 21 ; the job should be taken up at the beginning of our winter term , nov . 1 . candidates who reacted to a similar announcement earlier this year should state there continuing interest but need not submit full applications . do n't hesitate to ask me if there are any further questions . edgar schneider edgar . schneider @ sprachlit . uni-regensburg . de lektors in the english department ( institut fuer anglistik und amerikanistik ) of the university of regensburg an informal job description i . job description in their capacities as native speakers of english and citizens of the english - speaking countries , lektors in the english department of the university of regensburg teach courses in two specific areas : practical language instruction ( i . e . english as a foreign language ) and landeskunde ( i . e . introductory courses in british / american / canadian culture , history , geography etc . ) . practical language courses are taught at various levels ( introductory , intermediate , advanced ) and include : translation ( german into english ; english into german is taught by german instructors ) ; composition ( essay - writing and discussion at all levels ) ; english grammar ( with a comparative view of english a nd german grammar ) ; vocabulary ; phonetics ( mostly language lab instruction ) ; general language courses which combine many aspects of the course s mentioned above . also , lektors are responsible for devi sing and administering tests in these areas . landeskunde courses are designed to give the students a general outline of british / american / canadian culture , history , geography , economics etc . there are survey courses for beginners and courses on special topics for advanced students ( e . g . ethnic problems , educational systems , recent history , political institutions , etc . ) . ii . required qualifications prospective applicants for the position of lektor must be native speakers of english and fluent in german , and they must have lived in an english - speaking country for two years prior to employment . c andidates must have at least a master 's degree in english , linguistics , german , or possibly some related field ; a ph . d . or abd status woul d be a plus . also , they should have some formal training in t eaching english as a foreign language ( tesol ) ; for applicants from great britain , the tefl exam is required . some teaching experience , for example as graduate assistants , preferably in german or engl ish as a foreign language , or , a previous stay of a few months or more in a german - speaking country would be helpful . as this is a non-tenure position , candidates should make clear that in the long r un they seek a professional career in their home country , for which a temporary stay in germany would be beneficial , however . iii . working conditions lektors are given a two-year contract which may be renewed for another three-year period ( but the employment period cannot be extended beyond those five years ) . the teaching load is 16 hours per week ( 4 to 8 different courses ) during the semester ( the winter semester lasts from november through february , the summer semester from may through july ) , and probably about one course per semester break ( fall and spring ) , depending on other activities . further duties include participation in the planning , administering , and correction of various exams , some student tutoring , some participation in t he administrative business of the institute , and occasional service functions as native speakers for other department members . thus , during the months of march and april and august through october , l ektors must be present at the university , unless they are on vacation ( roughly 5 to 6 weeks per year , depending on age and legal regulations ) or special leave of absence . job duties do not include re search work , although the job should leave some spare time for such activities . the salary is calculated according to the bat iia scale of the german civil service . there are fringe benefits . salary and fringe benefits depend on age and family status . for those lektors employed during the whole calendar year there is a thirteenth monthly salary ( otherwise , the appropriate fractions are paid for each month of employment ) . altogether , the average salary of a lektor currently amounts to roughly between 48 , 000 and 55 , 000 dm net per annum . the salary is paid in monthly instalments . please send applications or requests for further information to : prof . dr . edgar w . schneider , universit , t regensburg , institut fuer anglistik und amerikanistik , d-93040 regensburg , phone no . [ 011-49 - ] ( 0941 ) 943 3470 , fax no . [ 011-49 - ] ( 0941 ) 943 4992 , e-mail : edga r . schneider @ sprachlit . uni-regensburg - de . edgar . schneider @ sprachlit . uni-regensburg . de university of regensburg , 93040 regensburg , germany phone ( int . line ) - 49-941 - 9433470 fax ( int . line ) - 49-941 - 9434992
",0
887,"Subject: lab equipment
 
 at the university of evora ( portugal ) we are trying to establish a laboratory of linguistics . we wonder if anyone could give information about useful material for such a laboratory : equipment , hardware and software . thanks in advance . francisco de assis mira espada universidade de evora departamento de linguistica e literaturas apartado 94 7001 evora codex e mail : fme @ evunix . uevora . pt
",0
888,"Subject: parsing preference in v2 languages
 
 it has been claimed ( incorrectly ) that a german sentence with nominative / accusative case syncretism like ( 1 ) is unambiguous , with the clause-initial noun phrase construed as the subject . ( 1 ) die tochter hat die mutter gek "" usst . the-nom / acc daughter has the-nom / acc mother kissed allegedly only svo : the daughter kissed the mother . allegedly not ovs : the mother kissed the daughter . although ( 1 ) is in fact ambiguous , the svo interpretation does seem to be preferred over the ovs interpretation , at least in out-of - the-blue contexts . can anyone steer me to a discussion of such examples ( in german or any other verb-second language ) in the parsing literature ? many thanks , beatrice santorini b-santorini @ nwu . edu
",0
889,"Subject: multiple etymological sources in one domain
 
 i ' m looking for examples of languages in which , within one lexical domain , some lexemes come from one language source and some from another . for example , in english kin terms , almost all the lexemes are from a germanic source - - e . g . , mother , father , sister , brother ; but the grand in grandmother and grandfather is from romance . another example would be english 's germanic lexemes for domestic animals "" on the hoof "" , but french - derived ones for their meat ( pork , veal , beef ) . thanks . if there is sufficient interest , i ' ll post a summary . george l . huttar 7500 w . camp wisdom rd . dallas , tx 75236 huttar @ sil . org u . s . a . 1-214 - 709-2400 ext . 2250 fax 1-214 - 709-3380
",0
890,"Subject: nyankore
 
 i am looking for any data ( grammar , lexicon , etc ) on nyankore , a bantu language in southern uganda . i have heard that a grammar was recently released in uganda , details unknown . peterross thai / linguistics australian national university
",0
891,"Subject: summary : chomsky 's "" single mutation ""
 
 a couple of weeks ago i posted a query about an alleged quotation from chomsky . the quote came from gordon hewes , an anthropologist and a specialist in language origins , in his 1977 paper ` language origin theories ' in duane rumbaugh 's book _ language learning by a chimpanzee _ , on page 43 . there hewes asserts that chomsky has explicitly attributed the human language faculty to a single genetic mutation in one of our ancestors . the source was given as "" chomsky ( 1967 ) "" , but no such item appears in hewes 's bibliography , nor indeed any works by chomsky at all . i therefore asked if anybody could point to such a statement in chomsky 's works . i received seven responses , most of them from people who either know chomsky personally or who take a professional interest either in chomsky 's work or in language origins . no one was aware of any such statement by chomsky , either in print or elsewhere , and a couple of people flatly disbelieve that chomsky has ever said any such thing . i myself have tracked down and read all of chomsky 's 1967 publications which might be relevant , and i can find no such suggestion in any of them , though two of them do make passing remarks on language origins . i have also skimmed through chomsky 's books _ cartesian linguistics _ ( 1966 ) , _ language and mind _ ( 1968 , 1972 ) and _ knowledge of language _ ( 1986 ) without finding any such statement ( though i have n't read them carefully ) . it appears , then , that chomsky has made no such suggestion , and that hewes 's statement must result from some kind of error or misunderstanding . i find this odd , though , since hewes is well known as a specialist in language origins and since the remark occurs in the middle of a generally well-documented survey of earlier suggestions on the origin and evolution of language . most peculiar . my thanks to keith mccormick , robert freidin , scott delancey , vivian cook , rich hilliard , massimo piattelli - palmarini , and raf salkie for their helpful responses . larry trask cogs university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh england larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk
",0
892,"Subject: sum : portugese
 
 here is a summary of the responses i received to my recent request for references on portuguese language and linguistics ( comments in brackets are simply a selection of those made by various respondents ) . thanks to the respondents : bas aarts , carlos ferreira , manuel forcadela , carlos gouveia , rafael humberto scapin , frank van der leeuw , joana van der leeuw , stephen parkinson . for a general overview see the chapter by stephen parkinson in : m . harris & n , vincent ( eds . ) ( 1988 ) "" the romance languages "" croom helm / routledge , london . suggested descriptive grammars are : celso cunha and luis filipe lindley cintra ( 1984 ) "" nova gramatica do portugues contemporaneo "" nova fronteira , rio / j . sa da costa , lisbon . ( the standard reference grammar in portuguese . there 's also an abridged version published by the same editor : "" breve gramatica do portugues contemporaneo "" ) . hans jurgen heringer & jose pinto de lima ( 1987 ) "" palavra puxa palavra : comunicacao e gramatica dependencial "" icalp , ministerio da educacao e cultura , lisbon . ( not a reference grammar in the ordinary sense of the word , but a good reflection on the structure and use of portuguese ) . maria helena mira mateus et . al . ( 1989 ) "" gramatica da lingua portuguesa "" caminho , lisbon . ( 2nd ed . ) . ( the best linguistic handbook . there 's now a 3rd ed . by the same publisher but i did n't find out the date ) . paul teyssier "" manuel de langue portugaise "" editions klincksiek . ( in french , a general , good and reliable description of contemporary portuguese ) . pilar vazquez cuesta y maria albertina mendez da luz ( 1971 ) "" gramatica portuguesa "" biblioteca romanica hispanica , editorial gredos , s . a . , madrid . ( in spanish , originally intended for students of portuguese as a foreign language ) . pilar vasquez cuesta & maria albertina mendez da luz "" gramatica da lingua portuguesa "" edicoes 70 , lisbon . ( portuguese translation of the above ) . suggestions on portuguese linguistics : carlos gouveia et al ( eds . ) ( forthcoming 1995 ) "" introducao a linguistica geral e portuguesa "" caminho , lisbon . at a more elementary level , universidade aberta publish a range of books on portuguese , including : m . h . m . mateus et al "" fonetica , fonologia e morfologia "" h . h . c . campos & m . f . xavier "" sintaxe e semantica "" ivo castro "" curso de historia da lingua portuguesa "" on the history of the language : rodrigo de sa nogueira ( 1932 ) "" curso de filologia portuguesa "" lisboa . serafim da silva neto ( 1957 ) "" manual de filologia portuguesa "" sao paulo . serafim da silva neto "" historia da lingua portuguesa "" , editora presenta , rio de janeiro . paul teyssier "" historia da lingua portuguesa "" j . sa da costa , lisbon . ( the most accessible history of the language , an expanded portuguese version of a book originally written in french ) . edwin bucher williams ( 1938 ) "" from latin to portuguese : historical phonology and morphology of the portuguese language "" university of pennsylvania press , pa and oup , oxford . ( also published in ( brazilian ) portuguese : "" do latim ao portugues "" edicoes tempo brasileiro ltda , biblioteca tempo universitario 37 ( 1961 ) , rio de janeiro . )
",0
893,"Subject: sum : not . . . until
 
 dear lingustis , i am very sorry that i have been convinced that i have already posted my summary of the query on _ not . . . until _ i asked you in march ( ! ) . i cheked my fd several days ago and found that i compiled several respon - ses dated in march , but i could not found my summary in any of my fds or hd . if i have already posted a summary , please do n't bother to read it again . i will defineitely repeat an error again . here are my query and summary . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * my query in march : dear linguists , i read renaat declerck 's ( 1995 ) paper titled "" the problem of _ not _ . . . _ until _ , "" in _ lingsuitics _ 33 , 55-98 . he considers that ( 1 ) below implies not only that john did n't wake up before nine but also that he did wake up at nine ( as late as nine , he could have woken up earlier ) . he seems to claim that all types of _ not _ . . . _ until _ does have such an implication . he calls it the sense of acualization . he also claims that the sense of actualization is not "" implicature "" but "" assertion "" . ( what do you think ? ) ( 1 ) john did n't wake up until nine . my first query is : do all types of _ not _ . . . _ until _ have the sense of actualization ? what about the sentences below ? the second query is : is the sense of actualization able to be cancelled or suspended , by adding such phrases as _ if not later _ , _ or possibly later _ , _ at least _ ? please judge whether the sense of actualization arises in each sentence arises or not . ( 2 ) _ until _ nine , john _ did n't _ wake up . ( 3 ) bill _ did n't _ say another word _ until _ he died . ( 4 ) a . nancy remained a spinster _ until _ she died . b . nancy _ did n't _ get married _ until _ she died . ( 5 ) $ b ! h ( jcool , $ b ! i ( ji told him . $ b ! h ( jwhat do you feel ? $ b ! i ! h ( jnothing . well , uh , maybe i ' m exaggerating . it was a kick , but not a big enough one for me to want to take the chance again , except for stakes . but le 's _ not _ talk about it abstractly _ until _ we ' re out of here . now , first question : the bottles . shall we take them all with us , or leave one ? $ b ! i ! h ( jtake them , $ b ! i ( ji said . ( brown corpus : l24 ) ( 6 ) she gave a little pout and said , $ b ! h ( ji _ do n't _ get off work _ until _ eleven o ' clock . that 's when my evening commences . $ b ! i ( j ( brown : l02 ) ( 7 ) the fact that the queen is expecting a baby will _ not _ be official _ until _ an official announcement has been made . ( lob : a10 ) ( 8 ) nor have we remembered that in the melting pot of america the hundreds of isolated and semi-isolated ethnic , regional and occupational groups did _ not _ fuse into a homogeneous national _ until _ long after education and industrialization had caused them to cast oral tradition aside as a means of carrying culturally significant material . ( brown : f19 ) ( 9 ) his own inner voice , which should tell him what not to do , has not developed . it _ won't _ develop _ until _ he has words with which to clothe it . ( brown : b13 ) $ b ! ! ( j ( 10 ) john _ did n't _ stay awake _ until _ 6 . $ b ! ! ( j ( 11 ) ensign vesole decided that he would _ not _ tarry _ until _ he heard the whispering of the bombs , and when night began to fall , he put seaman 2 / c donald l . norton and seaman 1 / c william a . roch - ford on the guns and told them to start shooting the moment they saw an enemy silhouette . ( brown : f02 ) ( 12 ) john left _ until _ midnight . ( is this really acceptable ? ) third query : are the following sentences acceptable ? ( 13 ) _ until _ nine , john _ did n't _ wake up . i do n't know about later , for i left at nine . / in fact , i heard later that he did not wake up after nine either . ( 14 ) john _ did n't _ wake up _ until _ nine . in fact , i heard later that he did n't wake up at all . if you have any comment on this problem , i would be very grateful . thanks a lot in advance . best wishes , hiroaki tanaka associate professor , tokushima university , japan . ( gca01363 @ niftyserve . or . jp ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to this query , those who reponded are the following people . i am very grateful to them . james kirchner ( jpkirchner @ aol . com ) micheal ? ( meb3 @ crux5 . cit . cornell . edu ) gerald b . mathias ( mathias @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu ) larry horn ( lhorn @ yalevm . cis . yale . edu ) jack wiedrick ( wied6480 @ varney . idbsu . edu ) almost all my sentences seem to imply actualization , with the following exceptions : ( 3 ) is aceptable to many but not all speakers ( dr . horn ) . ( 4 ) implies actualization in the sense that mary got married on her deathbed , or means at her deathbed she was still a spinster . the first reading is less possible than the second . about ( 3 ) and ( 4 ) , the below is the part of my paper titled "" implicature of _ not . . . until _ "" for _ english linguistics _ ( 1995 ) vol . 12 ( forthcoming ) ( journal of english linguistics society of japan ) which i wrote a month ago . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 3 . 1 . nia examples ( 5a ) and ( 5b ) illustrate typical cases with no implicature of actualization ( nia ) . ( 5 ) a . john was a loyal member of his party until he died . b . bill did n't say another word until he died . ( heinamaki 1978 : 113 ) ( 6 ) a . nancy remained silent until she died . b . # nancy did n't get married until she died . ( declerck 1995 : 69 ) in both examples of ( 5 ) , death blocks actualization of the head clause . john cannot be a disloyal member after his death , and bill cannot say anything after his death . nia comes from pragmatic ( real world ) knowledge . declerck assumes that examples like ( 6b ) ( and also ( 5b ) ) are semantically anomalous , although he accepts an affirmative sentence like ( 6a ) . it would be impossible for declerck to accept ( 6b ) , because he considers that all examples of not . . . until must be associated with the sense of actualization , i . e . , not . . . until presupposes the truth of actualization , so that declerck forcibly matches his analysis with data . but not . . . until x died does exist as in an acceptable sentence like ( 5b ) , in which case say another word means $ b ! h ( jexpress in words $ b ! i ( j , although ( 5b ) is also semantically anomalous in the sense of $ b ! h ( jutter / pronounce $ b ! i ( j . besides , some of my informants accept ( 6b ) . those who find ( 6b ) unacceptable must account for the difference between ( 5b ) and ( 6b ) . one solution is that we will let nip work on the one hand as in ( 5b ) and will not let it work on the other as in ( 6b ) . but this solution is ad hoc . the other is that the difference lies in our pragmatic knowledge . even though one cannot say anything after his / her death , s / he can leave something other than his / her words , i . e . , negation of saying something does not always imply saying nothing . one can leave his / her message , will or anything else . hence , a rare reading of ia : people found his will after his death . in ( 6b ) , however , one cannot get married after s / he dies , i . e . , death blocks marriage . we cannot imagine the negation of marriage other than not getting married . this pragmatic reasoning would be more appropriate . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( 10 ) have also two meanings : ( i ) john kept dozing off , but at 6 : 00 he finally succeeded in keeping himself awake , ( ii ) john went to sleep before 6 : 00 . ( prof . james kirchner ) ( 12 ) is only possible in the sense that john was gone for a while and then he came back at midnight . ( prof . jack wierdrick ) i wanted to know that ( 13 ) and ( 14 ) are the sentences which can cancel the sense of actualization . the result is that ( 13 ) is acceptable and ( 14 ) is unacceptable . prof . jack wierdrick says that ( 13 ) is awkward , although the right interpretation could be gotten from it . he gave me an example like _ up until nine ( at least ) , john did n't wake up . _ concerning the problem of cancelability , dr . larry horn cites his examples from his famous dissertaion _ on the semantic properties of logical operators in english _ as follows : santa claus won't get here until midnight , if not { * earlier / later } . , if then . , and he may not even get here then . he says that in general ' not . . . until s ' , as opposed to ' not . . . until np ' , constructions 's trongly implicate a "" late "" bound which can be suspended . thank you very much for all the responces . i wrote a very short paper about _ not . . . until _ , which will be publised this fall . if you want a copy of it , i would be pleased to send it to you by the form of text-file via e-mail . best wishes , hiroaki tanaka , faculty of integrated arts and sciences , tokushima university , japan . e - mail : hiro-t @ ias . tokushima-u . ac . jp ( office ) gca01363 @ niftyserve . or . jp ( home )
",0
894,"Subject: query : not not
 
 dear linguists , i am working on the double negative constructions like "" i did n't not come here "" and have been looking for the examples like that , but i can find only a few examples which i think does not cover all types of the double negatives . i would be very grateful if you could make a sen - tences using "" not not "" like the following examples and could agree with my analysis that they are basically "" understatements / litotes "" which obscure the speaker 's real intention . dr . larry horn 's _ a natural history of negation _ cites and exemplifies in detail such double negatives of "" not un - x "" constructions , but he made no comments on "" not not "" type . i assume that like "" not un - x "" , "" not not "" can imply not only "" understatements / litotes "" but also "" irony "" . do you agree with my analysis ? but unfortunately , i could find no examples of "" not not "" implying "" irony "" . bolinger ( 1980 ) states that "" a not unselfish act , you ' ll have to admit . "" is "" ironically euphemistic . "" i agree with him . but how ironi - cal ? what is the mechanism of such ironical euphemism and how does it arises ? can sperber and wilson 's ( 1981 , 1992 ) theory of "" echoic utterance "" cover all the types of such irony ? i would be grateful if you have a comment on this matter if any . the following are some of the examples i could collected : ( 1 ) a : you and jim really must come round to my place some evening . b : yes , we 'd like to . a : of course , you two do n't drink , do you ? b : well , we _ do n't not _ drink . ( hurford and heasley 1983 : 284 , _ semantics : a course book _ cup . ) minoru nakau ( 1994 ) _ nin - chi imiron no genri ( principles of cognitive semantics ) , taishukan , written in japanese , also quotes the above example , saying that b 's "" we do n't not drink "" is an echo or meta-lingui - stic expression of a 's words "" you two do n't drink "" , and also that b does not definitely say that they drink , rather obscure their intention and hesitate to admit they drink a lot . that is why b does n't say "" we do drink . "" in this sense , _ we do n't not drink _ can be quoted like _ we do n't "" not drink "" , where _ do n't _ is an external negation which negates the pre-negated assertion as inapproriate or false and "" not drink "" is an internal negation . the below two examples are also from nakau 's ( 1994 ) collection : ( 2 ) it is odd that _ coffee-grounds _ is plural . they may be "" composed of particles "" , but they are obviously _ not "" not _ too many for anyone to be able to count "" . the point is even more striking with _ dregs _ and _ lees _ , which are largely liquid . ( f . r . palmer , ( 1990 ) "" review articles : _ the semantics of grammar _ , by anna wierzbicka . "" _ journal of linguistics _ 26 : 223-233 . ) ( 3 ) for example , nouns such as _ heap _ or _ committee _ are _ not _ "" semantically plural but syntactically _ not _ plural "" . ( a . wierzbicka ( 1991 ) "" semantic rules know no exceptions . "" _ studies in language _ 15 , 371-398 . ) the next example is the one i found in r . b . parker 's novel _ valedic - tion _ ( 1984 ) . contrary to my analysis , this is not an understatement but some kind of emphatic expression . what do you think ? how do you interpret this example ? ( 4 ) susan said , "" i ' ve taken a job in san francisco . "" i put the glass down on the counter . i could feel myself begin to shrink inward . "" i ' m leaving tonight , "" she said . "" i had planned to stay the night with you and tell you in the morning , but i can't . i _ can't not _ tell you . "" ( r . b . parker , _ valediction _ , p . 19 ) my interpretation of the sentences in question is that "" . . . , but i can't ( tell you in the morning ) . ( but ) i _ can't not _ tell = can't help telling you ( now ) . "" "" can't "" is echoed and the abbreaviated adverbials are different . is my interpretation correct ? i would be very grateful if you reply to me . thanks a lot in advance . best wishes , hiroaki tanaka , faculty of integrated arts and sciences , tokushima university , japan . e - mail : hiro-t @ ias . tokushima-u . ac . jp
",0
895,"Subject: query : after you , please .
 
 dear linguists , i ask a query on the phrase _ after you + please _ on behalf of my former professor / supervisor in my graduate school days . he is a famous lexicographer in japan and edits many english - japanese dictionaries , but unfortunately does not have any contact with this list . he wants this kind of information to be on his dictionaries . his query is : can you say like this ? after you , please . if possible , what is the exact meaning and when and how do you use it ? please reply to me . i will post a summary when i receive enough responses . thakns a lot in advance . hiroaki tanaka , faculty of integrated arts and sciences , tokushima unievrsity , japan e - mail : hiro-t @ ias . tokushima-u . ac . jp
",0
896,"Subject: query : ? madam chairwoman .
 
 dear linguists , i ask a query on the word _ madam + chairman / chairwoman / chairperson _ on behalf of my former professor / supervisor in my graduate school days . he is a famous lexicographer in japan and edits many english - japanese dictionaries , but unfortunately does not have any contact with this list . he wants this kind of information to be on his dictionaries . his query is : when you address a chairman / chairwoman / chairperson , you use "" mr . chairman "" to a male chair and "" madam chairman "" to a female chair . but do n't you use a phrase like "" madam chairwoman "" or "" madam chairperson "" if you exactly follow the rule of anti-sexism ? or just use "" chair "" ? please reply to me . i will post a summary when i receive enough responses . thakns a lot in advance . hiroaki tanaka , faculty of integrated arts and sciences , tokushima unievrsity , japan e - mail : hiro-t @ ias . tokushima-u . ac . jp
",0
897,"Subject: labov on tense
 
 in 1977 , the laut preprint agency in trier , ( then west ) germany publihshed a working paper by william labov , on the adequacy of natural languages : the development of tense . does anybody have a reference to a ' proper ' publication of this paper as a journal article or chapter in a book ? thanks . hartmut haberland
",0
898,"Subject: school in la with chinese as a second language
 
 query : friends of mine moved recently to la and they are looking for a good school where their daughter ( age 10 ) could continue her study of chinese , which she has studied for two years . please reply directly to me , as they do not use e-mail . thank you , alexander vovin vovin @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu
",0
899,"Subject: address for john thayer jensen
 
 does anyone have an e-mail or other address for john thayer jensen ? by extraordinary coincidence there is another john t jensen who is also a linguist , but the one i ' m looking for is the one who wrote the yapese grammar and dictionary . thanks , john henderson _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ph . ( 09 ) 380 2870 centre for linguistics , university of western australia w . a . 6907 fax ( 09 ) 380 1154
",0
900,"Subject: hotel information for nels 26
 
 nels 26 harvard university and the massachusetts institute of technology october 27-30 , 1995 keynote speaker : noam chomsky for registration materials or more information , write to : nels 26 department of linguistics and philosophy 20d-219 mit cambridge , ma 02139 usa or send e-mail to : nels26 @ mit . edu / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * nels hotel information * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * / the weekend of oct . 27-30 is one of the busiest of the year in the boston / cambridge area . nels has been able to reserve only a very limited number of rooms at block rates in the following two hotels for conference participants : days inn 1234 soldiers field rd . boston , ma 02135 ( 617 ) 254-1234 nels rates : $ 89 / single - - $ 99 / double ( mention harvard - mit linguistics dept . conference ) the days inn is approximately 15 minutes walk to the center of harvard square or 10 minutes by bus ( # 86 bus stops on western ave . directly behind the days inn and runs every 8-10 minutes for the better part of the day and evening , less frequently on off-hours and weekends / holidays ) . hyatt regency cambridge 575 memorial drive cambridge , ma ( 617 ) 492-1234 nels rates : $ 169 / night , single or double occupancy ( specify that you are attending linguistics dept . seminar oct . 26th ) the hyatt has a complimentary , on-the - hour shuttle to harvard sq . and kendall sq . ( mit ) and is located on the charles river approximately midway between the two . reservations for the above hotels should be made directly through the hotels themselves and availability will be on a first-come first-serve basis . reservations for both hotels must be made before september 25 , 1995 to obtain nels rates . nels rates : $ 169 / night , single or double occupancy ( specify that you are attending linguistics dept . seminar oct . 26th ) the hyatt has a complimentary , on-the - hour shuttle to harvard sq . and kendall sq . ( mit ) and is located on the charles river approximately midway between the two . reservations for the above hotels should be made directly through the hotels themselves and availability will be on a first-come first-serve basis . reservations for both hotels must be made * * before september 25 , 1995 * * to obtain nels rates . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ this is a further partial list of the hotels in the boston / cambridge area . it includes their phone number ( in area code 617 unless otherwise noted ) , their address , their approximate price and if they are near an mbta station ( t ) . the code for hotel prices is simple : $ a single in the hotel is generally less than us $ 100 per night ; $ $ a single is more than us $ 100 per night ; and $ $ $ a single is * much * more than us $ 100 per night . unfortunately , there is no way to know whether a given hotel will have space during the conference without calling them directly , perhaps trying several times over the next few months . alternatively , you might want to find a hotel outside of cambridge / boston . also , you might consider the following , which often works out quite well : bed & breakfast agency of boston ( also for cambridge and environs ) 720-3540 or ( 800 ) 248-9262 hotels back bay hilton 236-1100 or ( 800 ) 445-8667 dalton & belvidere st . , boston $ $ t best western homestead 491-1890 or 491-8000 220 alewife brook parkway , cambridge $ / $ $ t boston marriott cmabridge 494-6600 or ( 800 ) 228-9290 2 cambridge center , cambridge $ $ t boston park plaza 426-2000 50 park plaza , boston $ $ t charles hotel at harvard square 864-1200 1 bennett st . , cambridge $ $ $ t days inn 254-0200 1800 soldiers field rd . , brighton ( boston ) $ copley square hotel 536-9000 47 huntingdon st . , boston $ $ / $ $ $ t eliot hotel 267-1607 370 commonwealth ave . , boston $ $ / $ $ $ t * * guest quarters suites / doubletree ( address ) ( only two $ $ - it 's about the same as the hyatt prices ) located on the storrow drive side of the charles river . complimentary shuttle to harvard square ( approx 20 - minute walk to harvard square ) . harvard manor house 864-5200 110 mount auburn st . , cambridge $ / $ $ t howard johnson 's fenway motor lodge 267-8300 1271 boylston st . , boston $ t howard johnson 's motor lodge ( 800 ) 654-2000 777 memorial drive , cambridge holiday inn 628-1100 or ( 800 ) hol-iday 30 washington st . , somerville $ / $ $ holiday inn brookline 277-1200 or ( 800 ) hol-iday 1200 beacon street , brookline $ $ t holiday inn government center 742-7630 or ( 800 ) hol-iday 5 blossom st . , boston $ $ / $ $ $ t hyatt regency 492-1234 or ( 800 ) 228-9000 575 memorial drive , cambridge $ $ lenox hotel 536-5300 or ( 800 ) 225-7676 710 boylston st . , boston $ $ t midtown hotel 262-1000 or ( 800 ) 343-1177 220 huntingdon ave . , boston $ $ t omni parker house 277-8600 or ( 800 ) the-omni 60 school st . , boston $ $ t quality inn 426-1400 75 tremont st . , boston $ $ t ramada inn 254-1234 or ( 800 ) 228-2828 1234 soldiers field rd . , brighton ( boston ) $ / $ $ royal sonesta hotel 491-3600 or ( 800 ) 343-7170 5 cambridge parkway , cambridge $ $ / $ $ $ t sheraton boston 236-2000 39 dalton street , boston $ $ / $ $ $ t sheraton commander 547-5800 16 garden st . , cambridge $ $ / $ $ $ t / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * /
",0
901,"Subject: conference announcement
 
 language and knowledge : the unpacking of ` text ' the first of a series of biennial conferences on the topic of language and knowledge date : 9 - 11 septmember 1996 venue : department of english language & literature national university of singapore call for papers : both practical and theoretical papers are welcome . the organisers conceive of papers falling into the following categories : a . common sense and educational knowledge * language amd cognition * language of the preschool child in a multilingual environment * the role of language in the school - language across the curriculum - langage in the classroom - the formal teaching of ` grammar ' - materials development ( genre , metaphor , etc . _ ) - the teaching of literature ( whose literature ? ) b . language awareness in society * the languages of power ( the multilingual dimension : english , mandarin , malay , tamil , etc . ) * language and the media * language and gender * language and marginalization c . technacy , the literacy of the future * literacy in the electronic medium * creating ` text ' through electronic means ( what are the consequences ? ) * world-wide networking and access to knowledge-data bases note : papers should be no longer than 7000 words ( delivery time 40 mintues with 20 minutes for question / answer ) . selected papers will be published . abstracts of papers ( approx . 350 words ) should be directed to : dr sunita anne abraham conference secretary dept of english lang . & lit . national university of singapore 10 kent ridge crescent singapore 0511 tel : ( 065 ) 772 3928 fax : ( 065 ) 773 2981 abstracts ( in double space ) should reach dr abraham by 31 january 1996 and have the following format : name : designation / institution : category of paper : title of paper : conference registration fees : before 31 / 1 / 96 : s $ 80 + s $ 2 . 40 ( 3 % gst ) after 31 / 1 / 96 : s $ 100 + s $ 3 . 00 ( 3 % gst ) overseas participants are not requiredto pay the 3 % gst . documentary proof of overseas insitutional funding will , however , be necessary at time of payment . ( expatriates working in singapore are required to pay the 3 % gst . )
",0
902,"Subject: summer school program
 
 international summer school "" contemporary topics in computational linguistics "" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tzigov chark , bulgaria dates : 9 - 12 sept 1995 ( arrival 8 sept ) location : tzigov chark is a beautiful resort in the rhodope mountains on the shore of batak lake . tzigov chark is 150km from sofia , the capital of bulgaria . programme : 9 sept 9 . 15-13 . 00 j . tsujii ( umist , manchester , uk ) knowledge acquisition from corpora 15 . 00-18 . 15 j . hutchins ( university of east anglia , uk ) machine translation : history , current status and possible future developments 10 sept 9 . 00-12 . 45 a . joshi ( university of pennsylvania , usa ) lexicalized grammars 15 . 00-16 . 00 panel discussion : what is language engineering ? panelists : j . tsujii , y . matsumoto , j . schuetz , k . s . choi , z . yusoff , c . m . vide , r . mitkov 16 . 30-18 . 15 zaharin yusoff ( university sains malaysia ) language engineering in south - east asia 11 sept 9 . 00-12 . 45 y . matsumoto ( nara institute of science and technology , japan ) lexical knowledge acquisition 14 . 15-16 . 00 key - sun choi ( kaist , taejon , korea ) english - to - korean machine translation 16 . 15-18 . 00 r . mitkov ( iai saarbruecken / university of hamburg / institute of mathematics - sofia ) anaphora resolution in natural language processing and machine translation 12 sept 9 . 00-11 . 45 a . ramsey ( umist , manchester , uk ) interpretation in context 12 . 00-13 . 00 m . kudlek ( university of hamburg ) mathematical models of pronouns 14 . 30-16 . 30 w . von hahn ( university of hamburg , germany ) knowledge - based machine aided translation 16 . 45-18 . 30 c . martin - vide ( universidad rovira i virgilli , tarragona , spain ) grammar systems summer school information : for further information please contact : nicolas nicolov < nicolas @ edinburgh . aisb . ac . uk > or prof . ruslan mitkov < ruslan @ iai . uni-sb . de > accommodation : the summer school will take place in hotel "" orpheus "" , tzigov chark , which accomodates up to 50 participants . we have chosen a small and cosy conference hotel to create a better and friendlier working and social environment : however this implies restrictions on the availability of single rooms and participants will be normally offered to share 2 - bed rooms . those interested in attending the summer school are encouraged to register as early as possible . location and transportation : tzigov chark is situated on the shore of the beautiful batak lake in the western rhodope mountains and is 150km from sofia , the capital of bulgaria . the local organisers will provide a daily shuttle bus / conference taxi from sofia airport to the summer school location at an inexpensive rate . sofia is easily accessible by plane from most major european cities ( e . g . daily flights or several flights per week from london , frankfurt , paris , zurich , vienna and other european cities ) . there are also direct flights to sofia from north america ( new york , toronto ) and asia ( singapore , bangkok , kuala lumpur ) . in order to enable the local organisers to plan the shuttle service efficiently , please contact victoria arranz < victoria @ ccl . umist . ac . uk > with details about your journey ( arrival / departure time and date ) at least 2 weeks before you leave for the summer school . related events : the summer school participants are also invited to take part in the int . conference "" recent advances in natural language processing "" , which will take place immediately after the summer school in the same hotel . further information about the conference can be obtained from : prof . r . mitkov < ruslan @ iai . uni-sb . de > or nicolas nicolov < nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk > or you can have a look at the conference www page at url : http : / / www . dai . ed . ac . uk / misc / nlp _ conf . html registration for the summer school : kindly note that the bank processing charges are at the expense of the participants . international summer school "" contemporary topics in computational linguistics "" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration form name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration fee . . . . . : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 usd for industrial participants 110 usd for academic staff 80 usd for students accommodation + half-board : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 30 usd per day per person ) specify days - sept 1995 . : [ ] 8 , [ ] 9 , [ ] 10 , [ ] 11 , [ ] 12 , [ ] 13 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = total amount in usd sent . : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date of bank transfer . . . : 1995 bank transfer reference no : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to bank account ( tick one ) : [ ] bank . . . . : amex account no . : 00710 756 of first private bank pls , bulgaria instructions : for onward credit to first private bank , shoumen branch - nikolai nikolov account in usd : 95079620 4 1 00 2560 1 4 * or * [ ] bank . . . . : citibank new york account no . : 36015 992 of first private bank pls , bulgaria instructions : for onward credit to first private bank , shoumen branch - nikolai nikolov account in usd : 95079620 4 1 00 2560 1 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email your registration forms to : nicolas nicolov < nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk >
",0
903,"Subject: judgment fatigue : summary , part i
 
 summary of responses to request for information on judgment fatigue ( also called syntactic satiation ) original post : linguist list : vol-6 - 974 . mon jul 17 1995 . issn : 1068-4875 . special thanks to the following respondents : kimberly barskaitiki , tim beasley , elizabeth bergman , michael bernstein , vivian cook , joseph davis , rianne doeleman , karen emmorey , suzette haden elgin , ted harding , stephen helmreich , erika l . konrad , john e . limber , bruce nevin , john robert ross , carson t schutze , linda shockey , william snyder , karin stromswold , joyce tang boyland , anyone i may have missed , and anyone who thought about responding but has n't yet . karin stromswold and william snyder have actually investigated this phenomenon . i have not read either of their papers yet , but i look forward to doing so . william snyder ( snyder @ psyche . mit . edu ) presented a poster on this topic at lsa 1994 , which was mentioned in rick hudson 's summary post of july 29 , 1994 . individual 's interested in dr . snyder 's poster should contact him directly . hudson 's post ( linguist list : vol-5 - 855 . fri 29 jul 1994 . issn : 1068-4875 . ) summarized the literature available which addresses the difference between linguists ' and non-linguists ' intuitions . hudson also mentions ( but does not cite ) four references provided by joyce tang boyland regarding satiation effects ( both syntactic and semantic ) . hudson 's original post is available from linguist list archives . joyce tang boyland 's response is included below ( in part ii of post , following ) . karin stromswold 's response ( karin @ muddle . rutgers . edu ) was my connection to snyder , hudson , and boyland . her post is most relevant to my original query and is included in its entirety below ( in part ii of post , following ) . most responses mentioned the influence of continual or repeated exposure over a period of time , either mentioning examples similar to perceptual or semantic satiation such as a word-repetition effect . ( bergman , cook , davis , doeleman , haden elgin , harding , helmreich , limber , schutze , snyder , stromswold , tang boyland ) . there are many differences , however , between the effects of semantic satiation and "" syntactic satiation "" or judgment fatigue : first , semantic satiation is the detachment of form and meaning which occurs as you continuously repeat some lexical item ( see also stromswold 's post below ) . judgment fatigue , in contrast , cannot be induced by the repeated presentation of any sentence . in fact , published experiments by nagata show that raters ' intuitions only become more stringent on repeated presentation . second , the loss of the meaning of a sentence is not an effect of judgment fatigue . the meaning of the sentence may be quite lucid to the individual reading it , but that individual 's attention is focused upon some aspect of the grammatical acceptability of the sentence , and it is the ability to judge grammatical acceptability which is lost , not the ability to make sense of the utterance . third , while the particular characteristics of the stimuli which induce judgment fatigue are not yet fully established , it appears that different types of sentences induce the effect to different degrees ( stromswold , snyder as cited in hudson 's post ) . this is not the case for semantic satiation , where the repetition of any lexical item can induce the effect . fourth , the "" scanting out "" effect as noted by haj ross points out that the loss of intuition can be triggered by one single stimuli , not necessarily the repeated presentation of numerous stimuli ( relevant quote posted below ) . conversely , subjects can rate hundreds of stimuli on the basis of grammaticality , with no fatigue effect ( beyond boredom ) , even if the stimuli contain permutation of the same lexical items , be they open or closed class items . note that point four is definitely true in the case that the stimuli are all dichotomously "" great - - grammatical "" or "" horrible - - ungrammatical "" . there is a definite influence of marginality , an effect which , to date , i believe no one has explained . fifth , semantic satiation ( as well as perceptual fatigue effects ) is often attributed to some type of neurological fatigue at the cortical level . this could not be the ( only ) reason for judgment fatigue , however , because there may not be any single word or syntactic structure which is repeated in all of the stimuli ( such as could be the case for judgment fatigue induced by the scope of negation or negative polarity items ) . for this reason , it would be quite implausible to claim that judgment fatigue is the result of some type of physiological / chemical / neurological saturation which has occurred at the cortical level . at this point , i do not believe judgment fatigue and semantic satiation have much in common as behavioral disturbances . ( incidently , while i am not an expert on semantic satiation , i have not yet been forced by the evidence to believe that semantic satiation is the result of a low-level neurological fatigue . perceptual fatigue is a neurological phenomenon , but i attribute semantic satiation to other conceptual strategies . ) many linguists ( beasley , nevin , konrad , and one anonymous ) also observed ' that the longer you stay in linguistics , the less you speak english . ' to quote from bruce nevin 's response : < < a student was once asked , in my hearing , if a certain famous linguist was a native speaker of english . the reply : ' i think he used to be . ' > > hudson 's previous summation further confirms that linguists and non-linguists do demonstrate significantly different abilities in discriminating grammatical and ungrammatical sentences . this type of long-term "" drift "" of linguists ' judgments may be of interest in its own regard , but this type of "" judgment drift "" is not identical to the temporary loss of linguistic intuition which i intended to address . as noted by beasley and konrad , it may indeed be the case that exposure to second languages , exposure to dialects different from ones native dialect , or exposure to a large number of perhaps marginal sentences which occur rarely in natural spoken or written contexts ( such as sentences demonstrating violations of theoretical principals such as "" weak crossover "" or "" island constraints "" , for example ) may actually alter an individual 's criteria for grammatical acceptability . if one understands judgments of grammatical acceptability to be metalinguistic type-categorizations , then one may expect that an individual 's discriminative ability will be altered based upon that individual 's personal experiences with exemplars of the categories . others commented that judgment fatigue does not happen if the stimuli are contextualized ( davis , nevin ) or if the referential situation is more concrete rather than abstract ( davis , doeleman , nevin ) . this is not the case . a loss of linguistic intuition of grammatical acceptability definitely can happen spontaneously , such as while one is listening to a conversation or reading texts , regardless of the concreteness of the topic , with the following qualifications : judgment fatigue is inspired only by particular types of stimuli ( which have not yet been clearly defined , but see part ii of post , following ) and by the listener 's / reader 's focus upon the grammar of the utterance or sentence . other individuals related hard-to - comprehend sentences as examples inducing judgment fatigue . some such sentences , notably sentences involving scope ambiguity , may induce confusion , but confusion is not synonymous with the loss of ones own linguistic intuitions . for ambiguous or confusing stimuli , we say , "" someone should rewrite this sentence . it is ambiguous ( or anomalous ) . "" when we have judgment fatigue , we say , "" i ' m a monoglot , but damned if i can decide whether this sentence is grammatical . i sure do n't feel like a native english speaker ! "" lastly , some responses or general expressions of empathy or encouragement , and actual examples ( barskaitiki , emmorey , shockey ) . thank you again to all who responded . if you are interested in the current proposal for my experiments , or if you would like to hear more about the results and conclusions from the experiments when i am finished running them , please contact me . please see part ii ( posted separately ) for selected quotes from respondents .
",0
904,"Subject: judgment fatigue , summary part ii : stromswold , ross , tang boyland , be
 
 asley the following are what i found to be especially informative quotes from four individual respondents who gave specific comments regarding the types of stimuli which tend to induce judgment fatigue . kimberly barskaitiki also sent a long , specific , detailed response with many interesting examples . ( thank you ! ) her response is not included here because it presented fewer strong , testable , theoretical claims . ( i must note here that ross and beasley are quoted without their expressed permission , for which i hereby beseech the authors ' belated dispensations . i post all comments here in only the most charitable light , with the hope of sharing the author 's experience and information . ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * > as a graduate student at mit in 1986 , i wrote a paper on the > phenomenon you described for a course i took with merrill garrett . i > dubbed the phenomenon "" syntactic satiation "" as a nod to work on > semantic satiation ( the widely studied phenomenon that words loose > their ' meaning ' on repeated presentation . e . g . . , repeat the word > "" snow "" 20 times and it starts sounding funny . and you can't come up > with as many semantically associated words like "" ice "" and "" cold "" ) . > > the study was n't rigorously done and i never attempted to publish the > paper ( which was called "" syntactic satiation ) , but what i discovered > was > > 1 ) with repeated judgments , subjects ' judgments got less certain and > reliable ( some subjects explicitly said they were n't sure anymore ) . > but even before subjects ' lost confidence in their judgments / made > mistakes , they got much slower in making judgments . > > 2 ) syntactic satiation seems to be relatively specific . for example , > i had my subjects make repeated judgments of wh-questions ( e . g . , > that-t , long distance , island etc . ) and i found that their ability to > judge wh-questiosn was impaired , but not their ability to judge other > stimuli ( e . g . , double object datives ) > > 3 ) satiation did * not * occur when subjects were asked to make > judgments about semantic plausibility ( where implausible > sentences involved violations of animacy restrictions , e . g . , > the juice spilled the child that stained the rug ) > > 4 ) i also did n't get any clear evidence of satiation at the > morphological level ( e . g . , asking subjects to judge sentences > with case / tense violations , e . g . , i gave it to he ; she give him a book ) > > 5 ) rate of presentation seemed to be an important factor in inducing > satiation . if subjects are urged to go quickly , they satiate faster . > this goes along with findings in the semantic satiation where whether > semantic priming or satiation occurs seems to depend on rate of > presentation ( at least in part ) . > > 6 ) being forced to make ungraded judgments ( i . e . , good vs . bad with no > intermediate judgments allowed ) also seemed to induce faster satiation > > 7 ) satiation seems to be temporary , although i can't say what the > refractory period is . it is probably less than 1 month ( the interval > i retested at ) > > 8 ) i did n't detect satiation when i gave subjects mixtures of sentences > to judge ( in my case , datives , passives , wh-questions , and tense / case ) . > > when i did the lit review for the paper , i found a few other studies > that looked at things related to syntactic satiation / syntactic priming . > i will see if i can dig up the paper and find the references for you . > also , william snyder at mit presented a poster ( ? ) at the lsa conference > in 1994 ( ? ) where he looked at this phenomenon . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * > from john robert ( haj ) ross ( fj44 @ jove . acs . unt . edu ) : > . . . the term i remember > being in on the birth of was actually "" to scant out "" , the term being > proposed by arnold zwicky and me , and doubltless others , in the summer of > 1963 , while we were working at mitre corporation in bedford mass , and > scanting out was a common hazard . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * > from joyce tang boyland : > much of the information i have comes from responses i received to a > query i posted to linguist list about 4 years ago . > . . . one of the refs was for carson schutze 's ma thesis . the others > i think were only old cognitive psych papers on semantic not syntactic > satiation . i can dig them up if you are still interested . basically > i do n't think there has been much actual research on the subject ; > schutze 's lit review was very thorough but he only mentioned one or two > not very conclusive pieces of research on satiation . i ' m very glad you > are planning to research this experimentally . i used to have stronger > opinions on this than i do now , but i do think that syntactic satiation > does happen . i think that knowing about it ought to have an effect on the > practice of linguistics , and i would also say that it has some implications > for theories of acquisition and of historical language change , which i can > expound on further if you are interested . > > another thought is that there are at least two different things going on in > syntactic and semantic satiation . from the linguist query i posted several > years ago , i gathered that haj ross some time ago coined the phrase "" scanting > out "" to describe the experience of losing one 's intuition on what the word > "" scant "" means and can be used for after thinking about it overtly for too long ; > i think this is a case of excessive meta-linguistic attention interfering with > what one would normally know , like the millipede in the fable being asked how > it could possibly walk and then it could n't walk anymore . when i was little i > used to play with saying a word over and over to myself until it became only a > sequence of sounds without meaning ; this might have been a similar phenomenon . > i see this as a sort of evaporating of subconscious associations or constraint s > ( for lack of better terminology ) when under the spotlight of consciousness . > > i think a second process , in syntactic satiation in particular , is similar > to something that 's being studied in social psychology , which is that the > frequency of your witnessing something may affect how acceptable you think > it is , if you did n't have an opinion on it in the first place ( which people > often do n't have on linguistic constructions ) . ( having an opinion in the > first place , if i remember correctly , is something that the researcher whom > schutze cites did not control for . my copy of s is in another building at the > moment . ) ( i am reconstructing vague memories very freely here , so i may not > be reflecting the literature faithfully , but these are the lines along which > i am thinking . ) so in this case people won't be * losing * all * the > associations or constraints that a word or construction would normally have , > but rather , a * particular * type of use they hear which violates a particular > constraint may become * more * acceptable * . the gross effect of certain uses > becoming more acceptable may appear to be the same as the millipede effect , > since one 's intuitions are changing , but more careful inspection should show > a different fine structure . > i suppose i might as well add here that the degree to which a construction > is susceptible to satiation effects ( this latter one esp . ) might well be a > measure of its susceptibility to ( or even progress towards ) grammaticalization . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * > from tim beasley ( tbeasley @ ucla . edu ) > a few things cause my intuition to crash and burn . > > the most frustrating and reliable is judging individual items in a list of > sentences , and ranking them from ok to ? to ? * to * . if i start from the ok > side , i will over-accept sentences . if i start from the * side , i will > over-reject sentences . it 's worst when the sentences proceed stepwise , > changing one lexical or syntactic feature ( especially small ones ) . and when > the person asking me to rank them interacts , asking me if i ' m sure . > > i . e . , i become muddled if , in comparing sentences , i accept one , and then > realize that the second is some sort of extension of or analogical to the > first . if the first is right , then the second _ must _ be right . and then the > third must be ok . er , well , no , but that does n't stop me . > > similarly , comparing two quasi-homonymous structures or lexemes in a battery > of sentences designed to elicit the differences between them usually results > in really , really bad results . one such test posted to linguist caused me > to alter my own usage for several weeks . > > lexical items that cause me to stumble regularly : any , all . often there > will be one very blatant reading of a sentence ; if somebody suggests a > second interpretation , my intuition curls up to hibernate for the duration . > in a word : s-c - o-p - e . other problems with scope crop up , too ( negation , > adjectives , etc . ) . [ . . . reference to interference from experience with different languages . . . ] > i ' ve come to assume that the linguistic muddle ( apart from inter-language > problems ) results from attempting to find a coherent , rational meaning for > the sentences . agreement and other such grammatical errors are trivial to > spot , usually . otherwise , if the task succeeds , i assume the sentence must > be ok , unless there is some clear , overwhelming error in word choice , focus , > government , etc . lists of marginal sentences weaken my sense of what a > clear error is as i move my ok / not-ok boundary marker ( my perception of the > norm ) to allow for marginalia and enable me to interpret the next in a > series of increasingly aberrant sentences . > [ . . . another reference to experience with different dialects of english . . . ] > in any case , it takes a leap of humility to realize when i can no longer > judge sentences in my native language . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * end of post - - - bjl
",0
905,"Subject: sum : walloon
 
 several weeks ago i posted a passage in the local walloon of the bastogne area of belgium and asked for a translation . i had quite a number of responses , and it appears that the responders had a good time wrestling with the passage . here is the passage : i - gn-e ` a po ^ pre ` s kinze ans du d ' ci , dj ' asto amon albe ^ rt le ` yona ^ rd e ` t dj ' rawa ^ rdo pace k ' on m ' avot dit k ' ou profe ` sseu ^ r do se ' mine ^ re vlot nos ve ` y po pa ^ rler do walon . dju m ' sovin co k ' dj ' e ^ dmande ' a c , ' momint la : < < kin - a ^ dje k ' il e ` , don c , ' cure ' la ? > > dj ' e ^ vite avou compris k ' i n ' astot nin pus cure ' k ' mi , surtout cand dj ' l ' e ^ ve ` you avou oune be ` le djon . ne bwe ^ ce ` le ki n ' compurdot we ^ re lu walon , me ^ s k ' astot bin de ` cide ' a l ' aprinde avou de ` s profe ` sseu ^ rs come pierrot , come jeannot , come roger , ou come mi , di-st - i l ' fou . and here is the consensus translation : il y a a ` peu pre ` s quinze ans d ' ici , j ' e ' tais chez < < albert le ' onard > > et j ' attendais parce qu ' on m ' avait dit qu ' un professeur du se ' minaire voulait nous voir pour parler du wallon . je me souviens ce que j ' ai demande ' a ` ce moment-la ` : < < quel a ^ ge a-t - il donc , ce cure ' - la ` ? > > j ' avais vite compris qu ' il n ' e ' tais pas plus cure ' que moi , surtout quand je l ' ai vu avec une belle jeune demoiselle qui ne comprenait gue ` re le wallon , mais qui e ' tait bien de ' cide ' e a ` l ' apprendre avec des professeurs comme pierrot , comme jeannot , comme roger , ou comme moi , dit-il , le fou . there were some uncertainties and disagreements ; i ' ve gone with the majority view in each case . the biggest problem was the very last bit , which caused havoc , though the gist of it seems generally clear . there was some disagreement as to whether it was the non-priest or the young girl who wanted to learn walloon ; most people went for the woman , which is what the syntax appears to say . the strange form < rawa ^ rdo > in the second line appears to be the same word as french < regarder > , but i am told that , in northern dialects , this word is widely used in the sense of ` wait , wait for , watch for ' . another headache was the word < bwe ^ ce ` le > in line 6 . this clearly means something like < demoiselle > , and it is possibly the same word as french < pucelle > ` virgin , maiden ' , which is unlikely to be the sense intended . i am told that speakers of walloon are now generally elderly , apart from some younger people who are enthusiasts ( though the belgian student i consulted here told me she had a friend who spoke walloon ) . some younger people of limited education are also said to have a grasp of the variety , and , engagingly , i am told that obscenities and insults tend to persist especially well . one respondent objected to my speaking of walloon as a dialect of french , preferring to see it as a distinct language . here 's an english version : it 's fifteen years ago now ; i was at the "" albert leonard "" [ institute ] and i was curious because i had been told that a teacher from the seminary wanted to see us to talk about walloon . i still remember what i was wondering at that moment : "" so how old is that priest ? "" i quickly understood that he was no more a priest than i was , particularly when i saw him with a beautiful young girl who scarcely knew any walloon but who was determined to learn it from teachers like pierrot , like jannot , like roger , or like me ; that 's what he said , the fool . the passage was written by m . georges pasau , pre 's ident du muse ' e de la parole au pays de bastogne ; it appeared in issue 4 ( 1994 ) of the magazine _ singuliers _ , which is devoted to walloon . this was a special number given over to the publication of a new dictionary of walloon . the dictionary is michel francard ( 1994 ) , _ dictionnaire des parlers wallons du pays de bastogne _ , brussels : deboeck / universite ' , isbn 2-8041 - 1957 - 2 . francard is professor of romance linguistics at the university of louvain in belgium ; his address is faculte ' des lettres , universite ' catholique de louvain , louvain - le - nauve , belgium , and his e-mail is francard @ frwa . ucl . ac . be . i have n't consulted him yet , but plan to do so . the orthography used here for walloon was , i believe , invented by francard specifically for the dictionary . the dictionary contains some nice dialect maps and some linguistic information about walloon . my thanks to jean - francois carrasco , richard coates , jean - francois delannoy , roger feron , frederik fouvry , vincent granville , ted harding , yolande meessen , philippe mennecier , bernd moebius ( and his mother ! ) , joseph reisdoerfer , thierry j . van steenberghe , guido vanden wyngaerd , and max wheeler . larry trask cogs university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh england larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk
",0
906,"Subject: sum : english dialect sample sources
 
 these are the responses to my query about finding audio samples of dialects of english . thanks for the suggestions and comments below ; i take the liberty of quoting most of them in full . in addition to the items mentioned below , i managed to locate : ( 1 ) a 1971 bbc recording entitled "" english with a dialect "" which contains 24 short samples of british english dialects and 8 more of "" irish , scottish and welsh accents . "" the record jacket says that the record was produced "" to provide a tool of the actor 's craft , "" and for use in classrooms . i find it fascinating , and believe it will be extremely valuable to me . ( 2 ) a collection of cassettes with accompanying manual , entitled "" acting with an accent , "" by david a . stern . these are also aimed at actors who need to portray non-native english speakers . however , i found most of them not to be useful as classroom materials ; they stereotype the two or three most prominent pronunciation features of the various speakers when speaking english , rather than providing students with a real understanding of dialect , nor even of phonological interference mechanisms in second language learning . my other responses and comments are interpolated in the quotations , within [ ] . apologies for the length of this summary . louis b . hillman lbhndp @ rit . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i ' ve found quite a lot of tapes that are available commercially as supplements ( bought separately ) to the following books : j . c . wells , accents of english . cambridge up 1992 . ( whole world ) a . hughes and p . trudgill , english accents and dialects . 2nd edition . arnold 1979 / 1987 . ( uk only ) d . freeborn , varieties of english . macmillan . 1987 . ( uk and w . indies only ; some fascinating material for other aspects of socio as well as accents . ) i think they ' re all available just like books . they tend to cost about 7 pounds sterling . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the following resources will guide you to free and commercially available recordings of north american english dialects : donna christian , 1986 , american english speech recordings : a guide to collections . washington , d . c . : center for applied linguistics . michael d . linn and marrit - hannele zuber , 1984 , the sound of english : a bibliography of language recordings . urbana il , ncte . michael d . linn , 1993 , appendix : resources for research . in dennis r . preston ( ed . ) , american dialect research , amsterdam : benjamins , pp . 433-50 . a few other specifics which may not be mentioned in the above ( and if they are i apologize ) : 1 ) longish recordings from inland northern , brooklyn ny , eastern new england , south midland , phildelphia , and alabama were available on a record from ncte entitled ' americans speaking . ' there is an an accompanying booklet ( by raven mcdavid and john muri ) with the same title ; it has the texts for a reading passage , transcriptions of free conversation , and lists of features . it is dated 1967 and may be out of print , but it is worth a try at ncte . [ alice horning ( horning @ jupiter . acs . oakland . edu ) also mentioned this recording . i found a copy and i must warn you that this copy , at least , is in _ 78 _ rpm _ format ! ! no publication date . i plan to copy it - - as soon as i find suitable equipment . lh ] 2 ) there is an old record called ' our changing language ' jointly published by ncte and mcgraw - hill . it contains fifteen or more reading passages from all over the us and canada . if it is still available , it is well worth digging out ; it is the best selection of short samples i have heard . it is also by raven mcdavid and has good commentary on the record jacket . it has , as well , a lot of stuff on the history of english in general , but the dialect samples really cover the territory . ( the drawback is that they are old recordings and do not illustrate some on-going sound changes very dramatically , particualrly the northern cities shift . ) [ i found this recording ; in addition to the american dialect passages , it contains several interesting passages comparing british and american speech . it also contains readings from old english ( "" beowulf "" ) ; middle english ( chaucer ) ; and early modern english ( shakespeare ) . the narrator 's dialect is itself interesting , by the way , as an example of the "" radio announcer "" dialect of the period . published in 1965 ; 33rpm format . lh ] 3 ) there are some recordings which accompany two books : timothy shopen and joseph williams , 1980 , standards and dialects in english , cambridge ma : winthrop ; and diane bryen , cheryl hartmen , and pearl tait , 1978 , variant english , columbus oh : charles merrill . both are rather more sociolinguistically than geographically oriented . the christian , linn and zuber , and linn bibliographies will give you the best coverage of what is available in american english dialect recordings ( and , nicely , how to get them ) . more better : most are free . [ oh , yes ; free _ is _ the best price , is n't it ? lh ] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - there is a cassette that goes with trudgill and hannah 's international english : a guide to varieties of standard english which contains a passage in thirteen different dialects , ten of which are non - north american . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - what i have been using lately , for reasons of my own , are tapes of poetry readings ; the trick is to find poets who are good exemplars of various dialects . audio - forum and caedmon are the two biggest suppliers , i think . a - f 's address is 96 broad street , guilford ct , 06437 ; i do n't know caedmon 's offhand . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the ohio state language files publishers , advocate publishing group of reynoldsburg , oh , used to have a set of tapes illustrating a range of dialects . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - just an idea . . . . you may be able to get some more samples of international english dialects by recording from short-wave broadcasts .
",0
907,"Subject: e-mail citation summary
 
 about a week ago i posted a query asking how to cite e-mail messages . i 'd like to thank the following people for their prompt and informative responses : david stampe joseph tomei meg gam bert peters alfred rosa bparker ( only e-mail address given ) f . gladney marty jacobsen elizabeth m . bergman dorine houston susan fagyal debra hardison several style manuals were recommended . the latest editions of the mla , apa and chicago all make reference to electronic sources . xai li and nancy b . crane 's book electronic style was recommended by several people . the publisher ( ? ) allyn & bacon is also making a style guide available . three electronic guides were also recommended ; the faq file of the group "" alt . usage . english "" available from "" misreal @ scripps . edu "" , a file on the tesl - l mailing list and a previous posting to linguist list vol 6-210 mon 13 feb 1995 . i have a copy of this last source which i am willing to forward to anyone interested ( note this message also explains how to get the tesl list ) . besides giving me references , many of those responding cautioned me to get the permission of my sources before citing them . there are at least two reasons for this ; first many people respond to queries off the top of their heads without double checking their facts and second while willing to respond to one query many people may not want to set themselves as a source to be consulted by anyone doing research on the subject in question . in most situations , i have come to the conclusion that personal e-mail should be cited as personal communications , which is enough to indicate that the information is not original to the author without making any promises that the source will act as a reference . ( co - incidentally this is the solution suggested by about half of my respondents ) . however a posting to a list ( like this summary ) which is available to anyone and which can be accessed without contacting the author directly should be cited according to the style guide of your choice or in such a way that it can be easily found . heather anderson hmanders @ indiana . edu
",0
908,"Subject: q : help with french translation
 
 i need help with the translation of the french word "" barine "" . from the context ( a song by augusta holme ` s , including the lines "" je suis ivan , fils du barine "" ) i infer that it 's some member of russian nobility , but have been unable to find it in 4 dictionaries . please e-mail responses directly to me , as this can't really be of wide interest . thanks . susan fischer
",0
909,"Subject: q : processing of japanese text / database ; word frequencies
 
 i am posting this on behalf of a colleague who is not on the list . she is going to perform psycholinguistic experiments on japanese morphology and needs a number of things for her preparatory work . first of all she needs to find dictionaries or ( preferred ) lexical databases which contain reliable and _ recent _ information on word frequencies ( her main emphasis will be on verb morphology ) ; we already know of one dictionary but this is at least forty years old . can anyone on the list point us to such dictionaries or databases ? - if not , is anyone aware of machine-redable corpora of japanese texts of everyday use ( papers , magazines ) from which she could extract the desired frequencies ? our next problem is to find windows ( truetype or atm ) - fonts of kanj and kana alphabets ( kana would be the more important ) , because these are input to the software that handles the experiments . we are aware of njstar for dos and "" jwp "" , a ' japanese word processor ' for windows , which would suffice as a word processor as such , but it uses an internal font format to which our onversion tool has no access . besides of that having truetype fonts would make building our own databases a lot easier , because we would be able to use windows standard-software , so far we have only been informed of a rather adventurous way of feeding the output of a dos database into njstar to print index cards in a library . by the way - i have heard of a japanese edition of aldus ' pagemaker - does it come with fonts ? we would be grateful for any hint and we promise to post a summary . thanks in advance christian * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * christian kissing dept . of linguistics universitaet duesseldorf home : universtaetsstrasse 1 neusser strasse 17 d-40225 duesseldorf 50670 koeln tel . : + 49 + 211 / 311-4797 0221 / 779061 fax . : + 49 + 211 / 311-5180 email : kissing @ ling . uni-duesseldorf . de * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
910,"Subject: q : chess - game of kings ? ( english )
 
 while proofreading a translation of a text into english i found a reference to chess as "" the game of kings "" . this expression is a literal translation of an equivalent hebrew expression . the english sources i know use the term "" the royal game "" ( which may well be the source for the hebrew expression , king and royal being derived from the same root ) . in english "" game of kings "" sounds a bit off to me . i would be grateful if anyone could tell me whether one of those expressions is preferable to the other . thanks uri bruck bruck @ actcom . co . il
",0
911,"Subject: articulatory sinthesizer
 
 i ' m posting this message to ask if anyone knows of available articulatory synthesizer , commercial or public . i ' m working in a project about phonetic development from an articulatory approach . please respond to my personal address . thank in advance . alejandro c . renato dept . of computation fac . cs . exactas y nat . universidad de buenos aires arenato @ zorzal . dc . uba . ar
",0
912,"Subject: iawe : conference alert
 
 "" third international conference of world englishes "" december 19-21 , 1996 third international conference of world englishes organized by the international association for world englishes ( iawe ) will be held on december 19-21 , 1996 in honolulu , hawaii , usa . proposals for presentations , colloquia , and interest group meetings are due before june 1 , 1996 . the 2nd iawe conference was held in nagoya , japan , may 25-28 , 1995 . it was a great success . for details about iawe 1996 contact : larry e . smith dean & director program on education and training east - west center 1777 east - west rd . , honolulu , hi 96848 tel : ( 808 ) 944-7634 fax : ( 808 ) 944-7634 e - mail : smithl @ ewc . bitnet for membership of iawe please contact : professor cecil nelson department of english indiana state university terre haute , in 47809 , usa e - mail : ejcln @ root . indstate . edu
",0
913,"Subject: query : preserving field recordings
 
 i have a question about preserving regular * analog * recordings made in the field . i work in rural chinese , and for the most part i collect inventories of lexicon , along with some texts . for ordinary background recording of interviews i have been using a $ 45 panasonic microcassette recorder on half-speed , which does * quite * serviceably even without an external mic . i intend to use ordinary high-bias non-metal cassettes for material i want to work with in some detail , such as stories , conversations , and recitation . i can transfer that to micro-cassette for transcription , so that the master remains in good condition . what concerns me is finding a way to preserve material originally made on analog tape . tapes mildew rapidly in taiwan and southern china , and even in seattle and new york i have had tapes become unplayable after a number of years in storage . i was thinking that if there were some inexpensive and painless way to digitize ordinary analog tapes , i could transfer them to cd here at my school , for only the price of the cd itself ( about $ 12 ) . one problem is wasted space : i can only fit 74 minutes of uncompressed sound on a cd , because one seems to have no choice but to record in stereo , even if the original source is mono . does anyone have any experience with this ? i could get far more material onto a cd if i compressed it but i do n't want to do that , because i have no confidence that today 's compression protocols will be readable in 20 or 50 years - remember the data from the 1960 us census , which was stored on magnetic tape and could no longer be read by the mid - 1980 's ? if something is important enough to preserve on cd , i do n't want it to become unreadable in a few decades . i 'd appreciate hearing any ideas on long-term storage . also , if anyone has ideas about why digital equipment might still be preferable for my work , i 'd like to hear them . i will summarize the responses i get . sincerely , david prager branner , yuen ren society asian l&l , do-21 , university of washington seattle , wa 98195 usa < charmii @ u . washington . edu > web : http : / / weber . u . washington . edu / ~ yuenren / circular . html
",0
914,"Subject: what non-linguists notice about speech
 
 i am looking for information on the investigation of what non-linguists notice about spoken language . which aspects of spoken language ( phonological , syntactical , lexical , and so on ) catch people 's attention , and how do non - linguists understand and categorize their awareness of others ' speech ? if anyone knows of research in this area , i would be grateful to hear about it . s . krainz ( v367my88 @ ubvms . cc . buffalo . edu )
",0
915,"Subject: help : teaching stress in intro phonetics
 
 does anybody have any hints on how to help undergrads in an introductory phonetics class learn to hear lexical stress ( that is , to identify the syllable in a word that receives primary stress ) , particulary in ameng ? the two "" helps "" i know are 1 ) say the word several times , over-emphasizing one syllable at a time ( i ' ve just done this by example , using extreme f0 & intensity variation ) . one production should sound reasonably normal and the rest should sound pretty odd ; or 2 ) tap your finger as you say the word ; folks usually tap on the stressed syllable . while most students i ' ve had seem to grasp this fairly quickly , i still have a few who , after numerous examples , look at me as if i ' m being utterly mystical . some of these are non-native speakers of english , but not all . i realize that this question calls up all sorts of issues on the nature of stress and its perception , but before one can address those at all it 's necessary to introduce the concept somehow , and so far my experience has been that introductory discussions of stress in phonetics texts ultimately assume that speakers can pretty reliably "" hear stress "" once the phenomenon is pointed out to them - - that is , that there 's something intuitively obvious about the notion of a stressed syllable . but what about those students / speakers who apparently find nothing intuitive about it ? thanks laura l . koenig ( koenig @ haskins . yale . edu )
",0
916,"Subject: learning styles and strategies research
 
 i am currently involved in research on how individuals learn ( 1 ) language ( s ) and ( 2 ) general knowledge ( i . e . , factual information ) . while there is con - siderable research on students ' learning strategies ( techniques such as rote - memorizing , writing notes , practicing aloud , studying in groups / alone , immersin g oneself in a language / culture , reading texts , listening to lectures , working with materials in a hands-on manner , etc ) , there appears to be little data on the preferred styles and strategies of individuals who continue to be immersed in a "" learning "" environment such as schools , colleges and universities - in other words , teachers , instructors , researchers , lecturers , etc . i would appreciate any feedback members of this list could provide con - cerning ( 1 ) their personal learning style ( e . g . , habitual mode of learning new material ) , ( 2 ) their preferred learning strategies for languages and / or factual information , and ( 3 ) their opinion on whether they believe ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) may influence their lecturing or teaching style . i would like to thank you in advance for your input on this matter . please respond to : karen woodman kwoodman @ uvvm . uvic . ca
",0
917,"Subject: fifth international conference on chinese linguistics
 
 the fifth international conference on chinese linguistics first announcement june 27-29 , 1996 the graduate institute of linguistics of national tsing hua university at hsin - chu , taiwan , is pleased to host the fifth international conference on chinese linguistics ( iccl - 5 ) in the summer of 1996 . interested linguists are cordially invited to participate in the conference . important dates : deadline for abstracts : december 31 , 1995 notification of acceptance : february 15 , 1996 deadline for preregistration : may 31 , 1996 conference dates : june 27-29 , 1996 call for abstracts and ysa papers abstracts of original studies in all aspects of chinese linguistics are invited . each abstract is not to exceed one a4 or letter-sized page , and is to be contained within a 16cm x 25cm ( 6in . x 10in . ) area . three copies of the abstract are required . due to budgetary limitations , we can only acknowledge by email the receipt of abstracts . if the abstract is sent via fax or email , a camera-ready copy of the abstract bearing name ( s ) and affiliation ( s ) of the author ( s ) is required before may 31 for inclusion in the conference handbook . please note that the right to present a paper at iccl - 5 is reserved for members of the international association of chinese linguistics ( iacl ) . ask the iccl - 5 organizing committee for a membership application form . applicants for young scholar award ( ysa ) should send a single-authored full paper ( maximum 25 pages ) in either english or chinese , with a one-page abstract as specified above , before december 31 , 1995 . three copies of the paper and the abstract are required . only scholars aged 35 or younger or below the rank of associate professor ( us / chinese system ) or senior lecturer ( british system ) are eligible . proof of age or rank should be provided at the time of submission . recipients will be given subsidies to attend iccl - 5 where the award will be presented . please address papers and abstracts , as well as inquiries and requests , to : iccl - 5 organizing committee graduate institute of linguistics national tsing hua university hsin - chu 300 taiwan tel : + 886 35 718615 fax : + 886 35 725994 email : iccl5 @ ling . nthu . edu . tw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iccl - 5 reply slip please fill out the following form and send it to the following address so that we can keep you informed . reply slips sent by email or fax containing the same information are also accepted . iccl - 5 organizing committee graduate institute of linguistics national tsing hua university hsin - chu 300 taiwan tel : + 886 35 718615 fax : + 886 35 725994 email : iccl5 @ ling . nthu . edu . tw name : tel : fax : email : address : please check : [ ] please put my name on the mailing list . [ ] i intend to participate in iccl - 5 . [ ] i intend to contribute a paper . the tentative title of my paper is : suggestions :
",0
918,"Subject: japanese sec . lang . acq . workshop
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * jslar - panel at pacslrf96 * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the convenors of the next pacslrf - conference and manfred pienemann from the australian national university are planning a panel on jslar . pacslrf is a biannual conference on second language acquisition research in the pacific region . the next pacslrf will be held in wellington , new zealand , from january 30th to february 2nd 1996 the jslar - panel will focus on cognitive aspects of the acquisition of japanese . the first part will consist of 4 - 6 presentations , which serve to highlight areas and results of current research and should not exceed ten minutes . the presentations will be followed by a panel discussion with the presenting researchers . two facilitators will lead the discussion : manfred pienemann will represent the cognitive aspects of language acquisition , while the other facilitator , still to be announced , will address aspects of japanese linguistics . the panel discussion will last for 1 . 5 to 2 hours . facilities for a video-link to places in new zealand , australia , japan and the u . s . will be provided . if you are interested in joining the panel or a video-link , please enquire at one of the e-mail addresses below . please send proposals for a presentation asap to prof pienemann ( see address below ) . prof m pienemann australian national university dept . of modern europeanlanguages manfred . pienemann @ anu . edu . au satomi kawaguchi australian national university dept . of modern europeanlanguages satomi . kawaguchi @ anu . edu . au kirsten huter australian national university dept . of modern europeanlanguages kirsten . huter @ anu . edu . au address : kirsten huter dept . of modern european languages australian national university act 0200 kirsten . huter @ anu . edu . au - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - paul warren department of linguistics , victoria university of wellington po box 600 , wellington , new zealand e-mail : paul . warren @ vuw . ac . nz phone : + 64 4 472 1000 ext . 8097 fax : + 64 4 471 2070
",0
919,"Subject: job announcement for a spanish sociolinguist at ohio state univ .
 
 department of spanish and portuguese the ohio state university position notice assistant professor of spanish with specialization in sociolinguistics / spanish in the u . s . a . assistant professor of spanish with specialization in sociolinguistics / spanish in the u . s . a . , and demonstrated research focus in language variation and change . solid background in one or more core areas of theoretical linguistics : phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics . teaching in undergraduate language and linguistics courses , and in the linguistics graduate program . tenure - track position , to begin autumn 1996 . ph . d . by time of appointment . teaching experience preferred ; publications desirable . native or near-native spanish language skills . salary commensurate with experience . send application materials ( letter , cv , three recent letters of reference , and one sample publication or dissertation chapter ) by october 31 , 1995 to : stephen summerhill , chair dept . of spanish and portuguese the ohio state university 266 cunz hall 1841 millikin road columbus , oh . 43210-1229
",0
920,"Subject: re : 6 . 1049 , sum : e - mail citation
 
 on occasion i have heard or read papers , usually on discourse , that use as data excerpts from the conversation or interview books by studs terkel ( such as _ working _ or _ the good war _ ) . as a resident of chicago , i have the opportunity to hear studs terkel 's daily radio program broadcast on wfmt . once in a while , i have happened to read a passage in one of the books within a few days of hearing the same interview in a broadcast , and i have noticed that the published version does not correspond exactly to what is on the tape . that is , studs terkel edits the material for style before it goes into print . i had the opportunity to confirm this in a brief conversation with studs terkel on saturday afternoon , 29 july 1995 . ( he 's a lot haler than any 85 - year-old could expect to be . ) first , when i told him his works were being used as data by linguists , he was immensely pleased , and he said , "" you ' ve made my day "" ; but he also confirmed that he edits the words of his subjects before he publishes them , and gave me his blessing to announce this to linguists who may be interested . the conversations in terkel 's books give every impression of being the genuine words of the people who speak them - - and they would certainly recognize themselves in the excerpts - - but studs terkel is a very accomplished literary artist , and does n't want his work to be acclaimed as the ipsissima verba of his workers , his soldiers , or any of his other subjects . i ' m sure he 'd like to receive copies of papers that cite his writings ; you could send them to him c / o wfmt , 303 e . wacker drive , chicago , il 60601 . - peter t . daniels , pdaniels @ press-gopher . uchicago . edu
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921,"Subject: q : influence of tone on writing
 
 a ph . d student here , thien do , is looking at the historical context of writings in southern vietnam under the impact of french presence and modernity at the turn of this century . he wishes to consider how assertion of local identity was linguistically possible . as part of the above attempt , he would be grateful for advice on any references or bibliography of studies in the asia - pacific region , if not , anywhere , on the following : approaches or methodological considerations in determining the influence of tone in particular , or speech and singing in general , on writings ( e . g . how pitch contour properties of local varieties and genres have been represented in writing systems which generally reflect a different dialect and tradition ) .
",0
922,"Subject: qs : syllabus for english linguistics
 
 i will be teaching a year-long course entitled english linguistics this next year . most linguistics texts take an international approach - - does anyone know of a text which focuses almost exclusively on the english language ? thanks in advance . sandi m . de oliveira u . of evora - portugal sandi @ evunix . uevora . pt
",0
923,"Subject: holding / managing / hand
 
 i am looking at semantic extensions of "" hand "" and "" hold "" to include controlling or managing or influencing . i need as many cross-linguistic examples ( with sources ) as possible of words for "" hold "" / "" grasp "" or "" hand "" which have been extended ( with appropriate morphology if appropriate ) to mean "" manage "" , "" control "" , "" influence "" or "" deal with "" . for example , english has hand , handle ( noun and verb ) , german has hand , handel , handlung , handhaben , etc . if you can give me any examples from your various synchronic and diachronic territories , i 'd be very grateful . paul woods english department 205 morrill hall oklahoma state university stillwater ok 74078 usa tel : 1 405 744 9474 fax : 1 405 744 6326 email : ncx @ rs . ucc . okstate . edu
",0
924,"Subject: antipassive and reflexive
 
 some time ago , i posted a question asking whether people knew of languages that had both a reflexive morpheme ( attached to v ) and an antipassive morpheme ( attached to v ) , where the two were different . i received three replies which are included below in abbreviated form . i thank those who responded for their help : angela terrill , mike darnell , and suzanne kemmer * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * there are thirteen or so australian languages which have antipassives ( all pama - nyungan ) . of these , most use the same morphology as their reflexives . some languages have antipassive verbal morphology but no reflexive morphology . but the languages which have separate explicit verbal morphology for reflexives and antipassives are , including sources : * dyirbal ( around cairns ) marks antipassive with - ngay - . reflexive is rriy ~ yirriy ~ marriy ~ ( m ) barriy . dixon ( 1972 ) the dyirbal language of north queensland ( cambridge : cup ) * warungu ( west of dyirbal , not closely related ) has antipassive - gali - and reflexive - li - . probably historically related . t . tsunoda ( 1974 ) ' a grammar of the warungu language ' monash university ma thesis * kalkatungu ( western queensland ) has antipassive - yi - and reflexive - ti - . maybe historically related . b . j . blake ( 1979 ) a kalkatungu grammar ( canberra : pacific linguistics ) the proto - pama - nyungan ( and maybe proto - australian ? ) reflexive form is something like * - dhi - rri - , where dh is a laminal stop , either lamino-palatal or lamino-dental . the overwhelming majority of reflexive ( and antipassive ) markers in pama - nyungan languages are reflexes of this . the warungu and kalkatungu antipassive forms given above are probably reflexes of this also , but the dyirbal form definitely is n't ( although , interestingly , it is cognate with an applicative form in nearby yidiny ( dixon 1977 ) . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * does this work for you ? lix-t - 0 - as ta sitn put . dowm-trans - 3sgo - 3sga art basket he / she put down the basket . lix-m - 0 t-ta sitn put . down-intrans - 3sgs oblique case-art basket he / she put down the basket . now admittedly there are some complexities to this situation . some salish anists ( the examples from squamish , british columbia ) dispute the antipassive analysis in the second example , but putting that aside payaq-t - sut prepare-trans - reflexive he / she prepared himself / herself . this seems to fit your requirements , but i have a question . could the morpheme in your example , and perhaps in the case of others that you mention in passing , be a middle voice marker rather than reflexive . again , from squamish suk ' w-um ( the - um here is identical to the - m above ) bathe-intrans he / she bathes ( only himself or herself , a transitive reading requires the - - t , you saw above ) whatever the case with the examples that you ' ve seen squamish seems to have a morpheme for antipassive and middle , with a separate one for reflexive . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * a number of philippine languages have an antipassive that consists in detransitivizing the verb with a prefix and stripping the object of its 'd eterminer ' ( which marks case ) and other modifiers . the reflexive marker , on the other hand , is a completely different morpheme . kapampangan is a language of this type . another case , i would suggest , is languages whose former reflexive marker now codes antipassive , but which in the meantime have innovated a new reflexive marker . russian uses the suffix ' - sja ' on the verb ' bite ' to mean ' the dog bites ' ( generically ) and similar cases . but - sja is not the reflexive marker in russian . sebja is the productive reflexive marker . - sja does occur on verbs like ' wash ' , but these are not reflexive verbs - - languages tend to mark them differently from reflexives . my book "" the middle voice "" draws the reflexive-middle distinction and documents it from many languages . jeff lidz university of delaware office : ( 302 ) 831-6489 department of linguistics home : ( 302 ) 656-1902 46 e . delaware ave . email : jlidz @ brahms . udel . edu newark , de 19716
",0
925,"Subject: cfp : paclic10 2nd call
 
 second call for abstracts the 10th pacific asia conference on language , information and computation paclic10 ( 1995 ) the language information sciences research centre , city university of hong kong , is pleased to announce that the 10th pacific asia conference on language , information and computation ( paclic10 ) will be held at the city university of hong kong on 27th and 28th december 1995 . it was the consensus of the organisers of the 1994 joint conference of the asian conference on language , information and computation ( aclic ) and the pacific asia conference on formal and computational linguistics ( pacfocol ) that the two conferences would continue to be held jointly in the future as the pacific asia conference on language , information and computation , with the 1995 conference being numbered the 10th . this joint conference brings together researchers of diverse background interested in theoretical and computational linguistics in the pacific asia region . topics of the conference include theoretical and computational studies in syntax , morphology , semantics , pragmatics , discourse and dialogue analysis , corpus linguistics , logic grammars and formal modelling of other linguistic phenomena . about 20 papers will be presented at plenary sessions . paper presenters will have 30 minutes for presentation and question answering . abstracts should not exceed three a4 pages ( one additional page for reference and / or data ) . 4 hard-copies of the abstract with the title , the author 's name , affiliation , mailing address , fax number and / or e-mail address on a separate page should be sent to the conference secretariat ( see below ) . abstract submission : by 31st august 1995 notification of acceptance : 30th september 1995 submission of full paper : 10th november 1995 registration fees : : hk $ 800 / us $ 105 ( on or before 15 / 10 / 95 ) hk $ 900 / us $ 115 ( after 15 / 10 / 95 ) accepted papers will be published in the conference proceedings . camera - ready full papers should be no more than 10 single-sided , single-spaced , a4 pages ( approximately 45 lines per page ) with 37mm margins on all sides . keynote speaker : william s - y wang professor of language engineering city university of hong kong , and professor of graduate council university of california , berkeley programme committee : churen huang , academia sinica , taipei ( co-chairman ) akira ikeya , tokyo gakugei unversity ( co-chairman ) byung - soo park , kyung hee university ( co-chairman ) benjamin k . tsou , city university of hong kong ( chairman ) lydia s . c . chan , national university of singapore jyn - sheng chang , national tsinghua university hsin - hsi chen , national taiwan university jaewoong choe , korea university zhendong dong , iss , national university of singapore one - soon her , national chengchi university changning huang , tsinghua university akira ishikawa , sophia university masato ishizaki , advanced telecommunications research inst . international yan jiang , hong kong polytechnic university hisashi komatsu , hiroshima city university chungmin lee , seoul national university ik - hwan lee , yonsei university kiyong lee , korea university shuhung leung , city university of hong kong kim teng lua , national university of singapore robert w . p . luk , city university of hong kong yuji matsumoto , nara institute of technology haihua pan , city university of hong kong jhing - fa wang , national chengkung university jonathan webster , city university of hong kong dekai wu , hong kong university of science and technology paul horng jyh wu , national university of singapore tianshun yao , north - east university tom b . y . lai , city university of hong kong ( secretary ) conference secretariat : paclic10 ( 1995 ) language information sciences research centre city university of hong kong tat chee avenue , kowloon hong kong fax : ( 852 ) 27889443 e-mail : rlpaclic @ cityu . edu . hk
",0
926,"Subject: sum : 501 - beaver revisited
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - on july 8 i posted the following two sentences , 1 . the beaver got a christmas card because she did n't notice the brown paper bag at her back door . 2 . one day , in the parking lot of the concert hall , i witnessed a major used - 501 deal . in order to find out their ( hidden ) meaning . these sentences were part of a set of isolated idiomatic sentences , without any given context whatsoever , which my wife and i were trying to translate . the meaning of the majority of these sentences could be found rather easily by means of the usual resources , like common sense , ( slang - ) dictionaries and encyclopedia 's . however , 501 - beaver remained a mystery . so we decided to consult internet , to see if a native speaker could help us out . about 50 reactions came from all over the world ! with your help the 501 mystery has been solved . thanks a lot ! however , unfortunately ' the beaver has not landed ' . sorry to have bothered you with this weird sentence . we simply expected this sentence to be a common idiomatic expression . . . most of you mentioned the sexual connotations of ' beaver ' , ' bag ' and ' back door ' . the ' christmas card ' , however , does not fit into this picture . it might be a reference to something unpleasant , but then the sentence as a whole still remains highly cryptic ; the parts just do n't match ! some of you came up with the possibility , that ' the brown paper bag ' might refer to ( hiding ) a bottle of liquor . in this context ' to get a christmas card ' might be a euphemism for a hang-over or an alcohol problem . but still the sentence as a whole does not make much sense . . . another possible solution might be found in cockney rhyming slang , in which ' christmas card ' refers to ' guard ' , but then again : the other parts of the sentence just refuse to cooperate . . . or maybe the sentence refers to a childrens book or a fairy tale ? fortunately the ' 501 deal ' was more common and so it was a lot easier to figure out the meaning of the second sentence . a few people thought the 501 might be a car . this possibility had crossed our minds too . after having looked it up in a car encycopedia and having consulted a local peugeot dealer , indeed a 301 , a 401 , and a 601 , and even a 504 , turned out to exist ; a peugeot 501 , however , just does n o t exist ! so this solution had to be ruled out . the great majority of the respondents told us , that 501 refers to the popular button-fly levi 's blue jeans with straight legs . in holland this type of jeans is familiar also , but we did n't understand the "" major used - 501 deal "" in this context : "" what 's the big deal in selling worn blue jeans ? "" however , most respondents from the u . s . , but also from european countries , told us , that it is very popular to buy and sell used 501 's in the us . apparently young people are willing to pay much money for used jeans , because they are more comfortable ( less stiff ) and because they look more ' hip ' than the new ones . many companies buy used 501 's and after that they are sold from stores ( e . g . , on melrose ave . in l . a . there are at least half a dozen of these stores ) . besides that , there 's a huge ( black ) market , in which case people sell 501 's out of the back of cars or vans in parking lots or other public places . there might also be a foreign market for used 501 's , as rumour has it that used 501 's are also shipped off to paris , london , the far east ( japan ) and eastern europe . because so many people reacted , we cannot quote them all . so we have made a selection . as some of the respondents preferred not to be mentioned by name , we decided to not mention anyone by name . at the end of this recital we will give a short conclusion . . 501 's , what 's it all about "" 501 's are a style of blue jeans made by levi strauss and co . 501 's are , i believe , the best-selling style of levi 's . they are button-fly ( as opposed to the kind you zip up ) , and have 5 pockets . they are the kind of jeans people think of when they think of jeans . here in the us , used 501 's are worth more than other kinds of used jeans - - in college towns , you ' ll often see signs in vintage clothing stores specifically saying something like "" cash for used 501 's . "" before perestroika , there was a big black market demand in russia for jeans of any kind . levi 's were the prestige brand ; i do n't know the location in time and space of your narrative , but perhaps the deal is shady . a major deal involving used jeans ( which here can be bought new on sale for $ 20 , and used , might fetch the original owner $ 10 in a vintage store ) must then be a negotiation about a truck full of jeans or so . many pairs would be needed to make the cash involved a major deal . "" . used - 501 sale vs . used - 501 deal "" used 501 's are becoming in recent years more and more popular among the youth of this country , hence the rise in shops and vendors that deal exclusively in these used products . _ a used - 501 deal _ is most likely an informal street sale ( not through a well-established shop , in which case it would be called a _ sale _ ) of used jeans , especially levi brand jeans ' "" . witnessing a 501 deal "" so the sentence could mean either the speaker witnessed someone purchase used ( previously owned ) 501 's , with 'd eal ' meaning ' ( business ) transaction ' , or 'd eal ' could mean ' bargain ' , that the jeans were being sold for less than usual . the fact that the speaker uses the verb ' witness ' would seem to remove him from the action , so perhaps the first interpretation is best . "" . cowboys like their 501 's blue and stiff "" i recently read an article about a company who buys used blue jeans from real cowboys and sells them at a very high price to people in places like new york city . ( cowboys , of which my brother-in - law is one , do n't wear their jeans when they start to fade , they like them blue and stiff . ) "" . a used - 501 deal "" i ' m inspired to write by a sign i saw a few minutes ago , while driving home from the office . it announced that a merchant would pay up to $ 17us for "" used 501s . "" "" 501 "" refers to a style of blue jeans - what my grandmother used to call dungarees - manufactured by the levi strauss co . all their style numbers are numbers between 500 and 600 . 501 is a popular style among young persons , featuring a button-fly and straight legs . i ' m no longer young enough for 501s ; i must wear 512s , which have a fuller leg and seat . tomorrow , i ' m going to take all my old , unwearable 501s and trade them for $ 17us each . i 'd say that a "" major used - 501 deal "" is either a transaction such as the one i ' m proposing for tomorrow or , because "" deal "" is sometimes used more generically , somewhat like "" thing "" , a place of business where such transactions take place . "" . major 501 price , major 501 place or major 501 transaction "" "" a major used - 501 deal "" no doubt refers to one of those temporary locations where people offer to buy used levi 501 jeans for around $ 8 , with the intention of re-selling them elsewhere . "" deal "" is so inarticulate a word that it 's not possible to tell you definitively what is meant , apart from more context . ( 1 ) my best guess is that it relates to "" getting a good deal "" for your used 501 jeans , that is , getting a good price for them . the scenario i have constructed is that someone wants to point out a place where you can get good money by selling your used 501 jeans . ( 2 ) if it does n't have to do with getting a price for used jeans , it might refer to the physical characteristics of the business place itself . this particular temporary storefront may be larger or more conspicuous than usual . in that scenario , someone wants to point out a larger-than - usual 501 jeans stand . ( "" a major used - 501 whatchamacallit : stand , storefront , business "" ) ( 3 ) last scenario : someone witnessed a major jeans-selling transaction . he wants to describe someone 's having brought in and sold a large quantity of 501 jeans to the jeans buyer . to be brief here are three possible paraphrases for "" a major used - 501 deal "" . 1 . "" a place where they give you a much better-than - average price for your used 501 jeans "" 2 . "" a large or impressive used - 501 jeans stand "" 3 . "" a single business transaction involving the buying and selling of a large lot of 501 jeans "" "" . conclusion in reference to the last respondent , somehow we felt most comfortable with the third paraphrase , mainly because according to most of the other respondents a business t r a n s a c t i o n was involved here and because according to our own intuition ' to witness ' - - at least when it means ' to see sth . ' - - always goes with an object , expressing an a c t i o n rather than a s t a t e . in the case of the ' 501 deal ' this means that the one who uttered the sentence , s a w that a 501 actually w a s b e i n g sold and because he speaks of a major deal , he saw a lot of 501s being sold at once . so , in our opinion : "" one day , in the parking lot of the concert hall , i witnessed a major used - 501 deal . "" can best be paraphrased into : "" one day , in the parking lot of the concert hall , i witnessed a business transaction involving a large stock of used levi 's 501 . "" if someone still feels uncomfortable with this transcription , please do n't hesitate to send your reaction to wimk @ zeus . cs . kun . nl . thanks again for all your contributions . many regards , wim koole , also on behalf of janny koole - loonstra nijmegen holland
",0
927,"Subject: disc . sex / lang
 
 i have been proceeding with a "" disc he / she "" theme . it has been somewhat expanded , and i would like to have it posted under the "" disc : sex / lang "" subject head . thanks , jw ] in the continuing discussion of pronouns , i ' m making a summary and a shift . the shift is spurred by the necessity to widen the orbit from pronouns to "" sex and language "" , perhaps an inevitable transition . alexis manaster ramer ( see below ) has suggested that a discussion of universal male dominace in society / language should take place prior to one of pronouns . i willingly go along , but reject the misandrist characterization . first the pronoun summary . "" he "" summary in my "" he "" work , i have suggested that to understand the generic and proverbial uses of modern english "" he "" , one would have to integrate into their data the facts that 1 ) "" he "" as a feminine pronoun survived much later in historical english than is generally acknowledged , and that 2 ) the late-archaic english "" he "" , on the one hand , as feminine , had an association with the all-genders plural , and on the other , as a masculine , had an association with the singular and neuter . "" him "" and "" his "" were during middle english , and later , also neuter ( "" not one or the other "" ) pronouns , and the ontogeny of the modern paradigm must account for these facts . there are more than a few examples of "" he "" in a generic / proverbial context in which , if there is any sex distinction at all , it must be considered feminine , not masculine , as in the following ( _ piers plowman _ , walter kane - - passus vii , manuscript h3 , lines 235-36 ) : he that etyn here fode throw trauail god 3eueth they / she that eat / eats their / her food through work god gives hem his blissing that here liflode so wynneth them his blessing that their / her livelihood so earns . _ _ _ when the 18th century grammarians put the "" he "" rule on paper , the feminine morphology was not unknown , not yet forgotten . if gender feminists today put a gendrist interpretation on the grammarians ' motives and on the evolution of the "" he "" rule , it is through historical oversight , to put it kindly , and not for , as some maintain , misogynist motives , conscious or unconscious . finally , i have challenged the interpretation of the "" worthiness "" doctrine . according to it , the grammarians of yore said "" he "" was more "" worthy "" . the word "" worthy "" has , i believe , been too quickly accepted in its old english root-meaning of "" deserving "" , whereas i have yet to see any contexts that contradict its other meaning , based on its other old english root , "" appropriate "" . are there any clarifying contexts ? please show i ' m wrong . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - sex and language alexis manaster ramer sent me a personal response to my ideas ; when i asked , he said i could post for general reading . ( btw , what are some of the etymologies given for "" girl "" , "" boy "" , "" marry "" ? ) alexis says : thank you for responding . since we obviously agree about the final resolution of this issue , i guess i would say that there are simply two aspects to the way one must respond to the people who are claiming that the generic he was invented by male chauvinist grammarians . one is yours ( that it has a continuous history within english ) [ did i say that ? - jw ] . the other is mine ( that if we knew nothing about the history of english , the universal picture would authorize us to suppose that this was indeed a natural phenomenon , not an invention of the grammarians ) . but i would then say that the presumed reason why this phenomenon is universal is presumably that all known cultures ( or maybe there is one exception , according to what i read somewhere ) have been male-dominated at all known time periods , and the fact that masculine / male is ' unmarked ' must surely be a reflection of this . so , the locus of the blame [ ! ] shifts from the conscious work of english grammarians to the subconscious workings of the language faculties of countless generations of human beings all over the planet who have lived in societies where there was no concept of sex equality . what do you think ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - jeff responds thanks for the elaboration . what do i think ? first , to get it straight . . . you are saying that comparable structures to "" generic he "" are found in all languages ( with perhaps a few exceptions ) , and on that basis a person might be led to conclude it is a natural phenomenon , but they would be wrong . rather , universal male domination is the explanation , as seen in the unmarked pronoun "" he "" , and we must "" blame "" the subconscious workings of the language faculties of all people in history , who have had no concept of sex equality . i have three questions , each of which i provide some of my own views about . 1 ) what are some of the parameters of and who ( authors ) do you look to for your idea that all history has been male dominated ? ( i personally resent this characterization . ) "" dominated "" hinges on what you mean - - the crimson sunset dominated the horizon and the pimples dominated the young girl 's face . on a group level , men , qua males , have been sufficiently dutiful to "" women and children first "" that they can be said to have historically regarded their own lot as the more expendable , i . e . , at least as might say the contour of a bell-curve measuring such a thing . men subdue the metaphorical colin fergusons of the world , not women . on an individual level , camille paglia nails it when she talks about the substantial power of women over men , qua males , based on women 's power to close their legs . 2 ) where does your concept of linguistic markedness come from , and on what basis do you establish a cause-effect relationship between patriarchy and markedness in pronouns ? my own idea of markedness is based on the original exposition as seen formulated by jakobson and trubetzkoy about 1930 ( see _ on language _ , roman jakobson , ed . linda r . waugh , 1990 . chapter 8 ) . a conclusion opposite to yours ( and gender feminists ) seems evident from the original formulation . their concept of "" the mark "" grew out of interest in binary aspects of language , like past / present , long / short . trubetzkoy wrote , "" only one of the terms of a correlation is perceived as actively modified and as positively possessing some mark , while the other term is perceived as lacking the mark and as passively unmodified "" ( p136 ) . this suggests to me that "" woman "" and "" she "" are "" species "" terms which females "" have "" as an exclusive and special privilege , whereas males do not have a "" species "" name exclusively their own , but instead must suffer to share a "" genus "" designation . it is for this reason i prefer sometimes to call the masculine unmarked words "" tautonyms "" ( i . e . , in biology , one name for both species and genus ) . the editor of the book goes on to comment on the concept : "" thus , the general meaning of _ lion _ , in contradistinction to that of _ lioness _ , implies no sexual specification - - and only the * basic meaning * of _ lion _ prompted by informative contexts suggests a sexual specification : e . g . , _ lions and lionesses _ "" . is n't this saying that man qua male emerges only in contexts that contrast him with the female ? otherwise , he is a generic ( genus , genre ) person and accordingly unmarked - - i . e . , "" just "" a person . the jakobson book continues , "" the constraining , focusing character of the marked term of any grammatical opposition is directed toward a more narrowly specified and delimited conceptual item "" . if men wanted to throw a testy beef about it , they could say , "" how come the gals have exclusive words , but the guys have to share theirs with everybody else ? "" 3 ) finally , you propose that in all past history they ' ve had "" no concept of sex equality "" . there is an inherent chronocentrism ( my term ) in your indictment , but , notwithstanding , i ' m somewhat sure you ' re talking about "" rights "" . "" rights "" , equal or otherwise , is a modern concept that is often muddled and sometimes useless if one considers , as i do , that the more important ends of life are happiness , inner peace , and freedom from fear - - what good are abstract rights if one is miserable all the time ? . the extremely important distinction is too often lost sight of between concepts of inherent rights and entitlement rights . if we discuss "" women 's equality "" and "" men 's equality "" without talking about documents like the universal declaration of human rights , the united states constitution , the code of hammurabi , etc . , or sources of rights , like god or the barrel of a gun , we are not going to get anywhere . if we take into account considerations of class , age , history , geography , etc . , i would argue that on a de facto level , women have had , and continue to have , collectively , an advantage over men . i know that saying so will upset a few of us , even give some of us a little gas and heartburn , my being the direct precipitation of which i apologize for in advance . best regards , jeffrey
",0
928,"Subject: he / she
 
 > > jeffrey weber replies : > 1 ) my own approach to the "" generic he "" problem is based on my observation of > the late survival of the h-stem feminine in historical english , in many cases > the form being identical to the masculine . this observation is counter to > modern writers such as pyles / algeo , strang , penelope ( e-mail me for > citations ) - - writers who have kept alive and academically popular the idea > that the h-stem feminine had disappeared before 1300 . h-initial forms of the feminine pronoun are alive - if not necessarily very well - in various parts of britain , if not elsewhere . at a guess these are usually restricted to rural areas . conservative speakers in parts of derbyshire , for example , retain a form typically written as ' her ' ( and which , naturally , is normally regarded as misuse of the possessive pronoun ) . dialect maps ( eg by orton ) often deal with these pronouns . paul foulkes paul . foulkes @ newcastle . ac . uk
",0
929,"Subject: job announcement
 
 austrian research institute for artificial intelligence ( ofai ) vienna , austria research position in natural language engineering a research position is to be filled in the natural language processing research group from october 1995 . the position is associated with a project grant from the austrian science foundation and will be initially for 24 months . an extension is possible , depending on further funding . the project aims at the development of a prototype of a german concept-to - speech synthesizer , with special emphasis on the mapping of a prosodic notation into phonetic / acoustic parameters . the prosodic notation is based on pierrehumbert 's notation , the synthesizer to be used is a demisyllable synthesizer developed at vienna university of technology . the project will build on previous research performed at our institute . the candidate should have experience in the field of speech synthesis or a related area . knowledge of german would be favourable . salary will be in the range of 340 . 000 austrian schillings per year ( before taxes ) . according to local regulations , the salary depends on the formal prerequisite of a doctorate , otherwise the salary will be significantly lower . informal inquiries to harald trost ( harald @ ai . univie . ac . at ) or ernst buchberger ( ernst @ ai . univie . ac . at ) , tel . + 43 - 1-535 32 810 . ofai is the leading austrian research institute in ai and natural language engineering and a member of elsnet . more information about language engineering at ofai can be found at http : / / www . ai . univie . ac . at / oefai / nlu . html if you are interested , send an informal application * as soon as possible * by email to harald @ ai . univie . ac . at , including a short cv emphasizing previous relevant education and research experience . we will contact promising candidates , so that they can submit a formal application with all details later on . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ernst buchberger , dept . of med . cybernetics & artificial intelligence , university of vienna , freyung 6 , a-1010 vienna , austria and austrian research institute for artificial intelligence , vienna + 43 - 1-53532810 ( tel ) , + 43 - 1-5320652 ( fax ) , ernst @ ai . univie . ac . at
",0
930,"Subject: cfp : workshop on spoken language generation and multimodal
 
 information systems 2nd ` speak ! ' workshop : speech generation in multimodal information systems and practical applications 2nd - 3rd november 1995 gmd / ipsi , darmstadt , germany * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for contributions * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this workshop aims to bring together researchers , developers , and potential producers and marketers of multimodal information systems in order to consider the role of * spoken language synthesis * in such systems . not only do we need to be able to produce spoken language appropriately - - - including effective control of intonation - - - but also we need to know in which practical contexts spoken language is most beneficial . this requires a dialogue between those providing spoken natural language technology and those considering the practical use of multimodal information systems . the workshop will consist of paper presentations and practical demonstrations , as well as a roundtable discussion on the best strategies for pursuing the practical application of spoken language synthesis technology in information systems . suggested topic areas / themes include , but are not limited to : * functional control of intonation in synthesized speech * use of speech in intelligent interfaces for information systems * integration of speech into automatic query systems * cooperative integration of speech with text generation for information systems * evaluation strategies for information systems involving speech synthesis * applications for information systems with spoken language output capabilities * practical requirements for information systems with spoken language capabilities . potential participants are invited to submit short statements of interest indicating whether they would be interested in presenting a paper , offering a system demonstration , participating in the round table discussion , or simply attending . statements of interest and extended abstracts ( max . 7 pages ) should be sent by 1st . october by e-mail to : ` bateman @ gmd . de ' or by post to : john a . bateman , gmd / ipsi , dolivostr . 15 , d-64293 darmstadt , germany . extended abstracts will be made available at the workshop . during the workshop current results and demonstrations of the eu copernicus program project ` speak ! ' will also be given ( see attachment ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - project information : the speak ! project : speech generation in multimodal information systems "" speak ! "" is a european union funded project ( copernicus ' 93 project no . 10393 ) whose aim is to embed spoken natural language synthesis technology with sophisticated user interfaces in order to improve access to information systems . multimedia technology and knowledge-based text processing enhance the development of new types of information systems which not only offer references or full-text documents to the user but also provide access to images , graphics , audio and video documents . this diversification of the in formation offered has to be supported by easy-to - use multimodal user interfaces , which are capable of presenting each type of information item in a way that it can be perceived and processed effectively by the user . users can easily process simultaneously the graphical medium of information presentation and the linguistic medium . the separation of mode is also quite appropriate for the different functionalities of the main graphical interaction and the supportive meta-dialogue carried out linguistically . we believe , therefore , that a substantial improvement in both functionality and user acceptance is to be achieved by the integration of spoken languages capabilities . however , text-to - speech devices commercially available today produce speech that sounds unnatural and that is hard to listen to . high quality synthesized speech that sounds acceptable to humans demands appropriate intonation patterns . the effective control of intonation requires synthesizing from meanings , rather than word sequences , and requires understanding of the functions of intonation . in the domain of sophisticated human-machine interfaces , we can make use of the increasing tendency to design such interfaces as independent agents that themselves engage in an interactive dialogue ( both graphical and linguistic ) with their users . such agents need to maintain models of their discourses , their users , and their communicative goals . the speak ! project , which was launched recently as a cooperation between the speech research technology laboratory of the technical university of budapest and the technical university of darmstadt ( in cooperation with gmd-ipsi ) , aims at developing such an interface for a multimedia retrieval system . at ipsi , the departments komet ( natural language generation ) and mind ( information retrieval dialogues ) contribute to this project . the project is to construct a proof-of - concept prototype of a multimodal information system combining graphical and spoken language output in a variety of languages . the work involves four supporting goals : first , to advance the state of the art in the domains of speech synthesis , spoken text generation , and graphical interface design ; second , to provide enabling technology for higher functionality information systems that are more appropriate for general public use ; third , to significantly improve the public and industrial acceptance of speech synthesis in general and the hungarian text-to - speech technology elaborated within the project in particular ; and , fourth , to act as a focusing point for speech work in hungary . contact points : gmd / ipsi , darmstadt : john bateman e-mail : bateman @ gmd . de fax : + 49 / 6151-869 - 818 tel : + 49 / 6151-869 - 826 tu - budapest : g ' eza n ' emeth e-mail : nemeth @ ttt - 202 . ttt . bme . hu fax : + 36 / 1-463 - 3107 tel : + 36 / 1-463 2401
",0
931,"Subject: position available : dragon systems ( speech recognition )
 
 research scientist we seek an exceptionally talented scientist to join a team that is creating breakthroughs in research on large-vocabulary conversational speech recognition and its applications . we are prepared to teach the necessary speech science to a ph . d . in physics , mathematics , computer science , or other quantitative science . this scientist must be skilled with computers ( c programming skills desired ) and interested in languages . some knowledge of spanish is preferred and native fluency would be a great asset . promising candidates will be invited to our facility in newton , massachusetts to give a half-hour research seminar on a topic of their choice and to take a programming test . we ' re an affirmative action / equal opportunity employer which recognizes the strength of a diverse workforce . about dragon systems at dragon systems , inc . , the world leader in pc - based speech recognition technology , we ' ve created an open , team-centered environment that enables our people to utilize their expertise in innovative ways . as pioneers in the field , we ' re changing the way people work . as an expanding international company , we ' re looking for motivated individuals to contribute to our drive . at dragon systems , you ' ll experience the freedom to act on your ideas and the support of talented peers . we also foster personal and professional growth through a competitive compensation and benefits package . we hope to fill this position by july 19 , 1995 . please send your resume to : director , human resources , dragon systems , inc . , 320 nevada street , newton , ma 02160 ; fax : ( 617 ) 332-9575 ; email : internet : paul @ dragonsys . com .
",0
932,"Subject: corpuys ling journal .
 
 the first issue of the international journal of corpus linguistics ( ijcl ) , under the editorship of wolfgang teubert and published by john benjamins publishing company , will be published in may / june 1996 . authors interested in submitting articles are advised to contact the editor at the following address : dr . wolfgang teubert institut f . deutsche sprache postfach 10 16 21 d 68016 mannheim germany tel : + 49 . 621 . 1581 . 0 fax : + 49 . 621 . 1581 . 200 e-mail : wolfgang . teubert @ ids-mannheim . de authors interested in submitting reviews should get in touch directly with the review editor : elena tognini - bonelli 2 greenfield cottages scarfield hill alvechurch b48 7sf worcs . uk tel . & fax : + 44 . 121 . 447 . 7061 e-mail : e . bonelli @ bham . ac . uk for all other information , such as adding your name to the ijcl maillist , please contact : kees vaes john benjamins publishing co . p . o . box 75577 1070 an amsterdam the netherlands tel : + 31 . 20 . 6762325 fax : + 31 . 20 . 6739773 e-mail : kees . vaes @ benjamins . nl
",0
933,"Subject: re : 6 . 1070 , disc : sex / lang , re : 1023
 
 in the ongoing discussion of the "" epicene he "" , i think that perhaps we are making some headway on certain issues , but all kinds of new loose ends keep unraveling . what seems clearly established is that the 18th century grammarians of english did not invent this usage , since ( a ) it had existed in english for centuries , and ( b ) it seems to be a linguistic universal or something close to it , not a peculiarity of english however , i do not see why anyone should call me "" misandrist "" ( or "" mysandrist "" ) . if it is because my name could easily be taken to be a woman 's name ( although i happen to be a man ) , that would really be too bad . if it is because of my acceptance of the common view that almost all or perhaps all societies are in some important sense male-dominated , then that too would be inaccurate . i also believe that for several centuries of us and brazilian and so on history white people held black slaves and not vice versa , but that does not mean i hate white people . the whole issue of the sense in which it is true that men have dominated human societies is certainly in some respects a subtle one , and one could certainly argue that this dominance has done us little if any good , but i do not see how one can deny that it is a fact . however , for the purposes at hand , this is not germane . what is relevant is ( a ) the linguistic fact that languages that make any kind of gender or sex distinction in pronouns or verb forms or anything else , as a rule use the male or masculine forms as unmarked forms for persons of either or unknown gender in some constructions ( which may differ from language to language in detail ) , and ( b ) the anthropological fact that all or nearly all human societies make social distinctions based on sex which go beyond reproduction , breast-feeding , and the like , and ( c ) the further anthropological fact that the male roles / activities are routinely perceived as somehow superior , dominant , better , normative , whatever ( regardless of whether they really are , which is a completely different issue ) . so what it all boils down to , again , is that i maintain that it makes no sense whatever to discuss the origin of the epicene he phenomenon in the context of the story of english prescriptive grammar , but only in the context of the way in which perceptions of sex roles have informed the structure of language ( as of any other institution ) . alexis manaster ramer
",0
934,"Subject: kroch 's constant rate hypothesis
 
 content - length : 1953 kroch 1989 argues that syntactic change progresses at the same rate in all contexts ( using ellegard 's 1953 data on auxiliary do ) - a challenge to the notion that changes diffuse . this is obviously an important claim , and kroch 's methodology - matching theoretical syntax with ( to me ) high-level stats - also seems an important advance for historical linguistics . * however * - ogura 1993 is a direct challenge to kroch , re-using the ellegard data and the same statistical method , but claiming that the data actually shows the opposite of what kroch claims : i . e . that the change in auxiliary do use * differs * in rate between contexts . i ' m working on auxiliary do within a more variationist model , and i ' m just not up to judging who is right in this argument : can a more stats literate person help , or is there a reply by kroch i ' m not aware of ? anthony kroch , 1989 , ` reflexes of grammar in patterns of language change ' , language variation and change 1 , pp . 199-244 mieko ogura , 1993 , ` the development of periphrastic do in english ' , diachronica , x . 1 , pp 51-85 jonathan hope ( j . r . hope @ leeds . uk . ac ) school of english university of leeds uk
",0
935,"Subject: bulgarian summer classes in u . s . a .
 
 content - length : 1170 a colleague is interested in where intermediate bulgarian language classes might be offered this summer . first preference would be at a location in the united states . please reply directly to me : bret parker bparker @ uop . edu university of the pacific stockton , california 209-946 - 2029
",0
936,"Subject: elsnet
 
 how to get on elsnet ? thanks
",0
937,"Subject: re : 6 . 1047 , sum : walloon
 
 several weeks ago i posted a passage in the local walloon of the bastogne area of belgium and asked for a translation . i had quite a number of responses , and it appears that the responders had a good time wrestling with the passage . here is the passage : > i - gn-e ` a po ^ pre ` s kinze ans du d ' ci , dj ' asto amon albe ^ rt > le ` yona ^ rd e ` t dj ' rawa ^ rdo pace k ' on m ' avot dit k ' ou profe ` sseu ^ r > do se ' mine ^ re vlot nos ve ` y po pa ^ rler do walon . dju m ' sovin co k ' > dj ' e ^ dmande ' a c , ' momint la : < < kin - a ^ dje k ' il e ` , don c , ' cure ' > la ? > > dj ' e ^ vite avou compris k ' i n ' astot nin pus cure ' k ' mi , > surtout cand dj ' l ' e ^ ve ` you avou oune be ` le djon . ne bwe ^ ce ` le ki n ' > compurdot we ^ re lu walon , me ^ s k ' astot bin de ` cide ' a l ' aprinde > avou de ` s profe ` sseu ^ rs come pierrot , come jeannot , come roger , ou > come mi , di-st - i l ' fou . > and here is the consensus translation : > > il y a a ` peu pre ` s quinze ans d ' ici , j ' e ' tais chez < < albert > le ' onard > > et j ' attendais parce qu ' on m ' avait dit qu ' un professeur du > se ' minaire voulait nous voir pour parler du wallon . je me souviens ce > que j ' ai demande ' a ` ce moment-la ` : < < quel a ^ ge a-t - il donc , ce > cure ' - la ` ? > > j ' avais vite compris qu ' il n ' e ' tais pas plus cure ' que > moi , surtout quand je l ' ai vu avec une belle jeune demoiselle qui ne > comprenait gue ` re le wallon , mais qui e ' tait bien de ' cide ' e a ` > l ' apprendre avec des professeurs comme pierrot , comme jeannot , comme > roger , ou comme moi , dit-il , le fou . > > there were some uncertainties and disagreements ; i ' ve gone with the > majority view in each case . the biggest problem was the very last > bit , which caused havoc , though the gist of it seems generally clear . > there was some disagreement as to whether it was the non-priest or the > young girl who wanted to learn walloon ; most people went for the > woman , which is what the syntax appears to say . > > the strange form < rawa ^ rdo > in the second line appears to be the same > word as french < regarder > , but i am told that , in northern dialects , > this word is widely used in the sense of ` wait , wait for , watch for ' . > another headache was the word < bwe ^ ce ` le > in line 6 . this clearly > means something like < demoiselle > , and it is possibly the same word as > french < pucelle > ` virgin , maiden ' , which is unlikely to be the sense > intended . > > i am told that speakers of walloon are now generally elderly , apart > from some younger people who are enthusiasts ( though the belgian > student i consulted here told me she had a friend who spoke walloon ) . > some younger people of limited education are also said to have a grasp > of the variety , and , engagingly , i am told that obscenities and > insults tend to persist especially well . one respondent objected to my > speaking of walloon as a dialect of french , preferring to see it as a > distinct language . > > here 's an english version : > > it 's fifteen years ago now ; i was at the "" albert leonard "" [ institute ] > and i was curious because i had been told that a teacher from the > seminary wanted to see us to talk about walloon . i still remember > what i was wondering at that moment : "" so how old is that priest ? "" i > quickly understood that he was no more a priest than i was , > particularly when i saw him with a beautiful young girl who scarcely > knew any walloon but who was determined to learn it from teachers like > pierrot , like jannot , like roger , or like me ; that 's what he said , the > fool . > > the passage was written by m . georges pasau , pre 's ident du muse ' e de > la parole au pays de bastogne ; it appeared in issue 4 ( 1994 ) of the > magazine _ singuliers _ , which is devoted to walloon . this was a > special number given over to the publication of a new dictionary of > walloon . the dictionary is michel francard ( 1994 ) , _ dictionnaire des > parlers wallons du pays de bastogne _ , brussels : deboeck / universite ' , > isbn 2-8041 - 1957 - 2 . francard is professor of romance linguistics at > the university of louvain in belgium ; his address is faculte ' des > lettres , universite ' catholique de louvain , louvain - le - nauve , belgium , > and his e-mail is francard @ frwa . ucl . ac . be . i have n't consulted him > yet , but plan to do so . the orthography used here for walloon was , i > believe , invented by francard specifically for the dictionary . the > dictionary contains some nice dialect maps and some linguistic > information about walloon . > > my thanks to jean - francois carrasco , richard coates , jean - francois > delannoy , roger feron , frederik fouvry , vincent granville , ted > harding , yolande meessen , philippe mennecier , bernd moebius ( and his > mother ! ) , joseph reisdoerfer , thierry j . van steenberghe , guido vanden > wyngaerd , and max wheeler . > > > larry trask > cogs > university of sussex > brighton bn1 9qh > england > > larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk >
",0
938,"Subject: chess - endgame ( fwd )
 
 thanks to everyone who responded concerning the names for chess . apparently both are acceptable . for the royal game i found a reference in the britanica , and sara friedman cited another one from stefan zweig . for the game of kings there were also literary references , and wide familiarity , so this usage is correct as well . uri bruck bruck @ actcom . co . il
",0
939,"Subject: re : 6 . 1071 , disc : he / she
 
 paul foulkes paul . foulkes @ newcastle . ac . uk writes : < < < h-initial forms of the feminine pronoun are alive - if not necessarily very well - in various parts of britain , if not elsewhere . at a guess these are usually restricted to rural areas . conservative speakers in parts of derbyshire , for example , retain a form typically written as ' her ' ( and which , naturally , is normally regarded as misuse of the possessive pronoun ) . dialect maps ( eg by orton ) often deal with these pronouns . > > > replies thanks for the interest . my search through the 17 dialects of piers plowman is justly criticized for being too constrained a sampling , nonetheless the manuscripts show great varieties within and between dialects . the h-stems ( feminine singular and the three plurals ) exist alongside the newer forms ( she , they , them , their ) . the h-stem for "" they "" is least likely to occur . a dual system of pronouns is seen across these manuscripts - - the old pronouns and the new . i plan to discuss the "" ' em "" phenomenon , and perhaps a little "" ' er "" and "" ' ey "" , as h-less survivals in stressless positions . the following , sent to me , is a nice statement of what you ' re saying regarding the survival of the h-stem feminine : < < < you might be interested to = know that the [ h - ] forms still survive in modern traditional dialect = ( or at least they were holding their own in the 1950s and early 60 's = at the time of the survey of english dialects ) - but [ h - ] dropping in = the areas concerned has left them with no [ h ] . this is a ' n - w = midland ' area , comprising cheshire , n . derbyshire , most of lancashire = and s - w yorkshire . some believe that the her subject forms of the s - w = midlands and s - w derive from oe [ h - ] nominative rather than the = modern objective / oblique form . there 's a paper on this . p . duncan , = ' forms of the feminine pronoun in modern english dialects ' in m . = wakelin ( ed . ) , patterns in the folk speech of the british isles = ( london , 1972 ) , 182-200 . > > > here are two notes on historical usage : 1 ) the neuter singular shared the masculne singular "" he "" form ( see oed , < neuter > , 1755 : "" he and his having formerly been applied to neuters in the place now supplied by it and its "" , johnson 's grammar . 2 ) in the 16th and 17th centuries , "" it also occurs when he , she or that would now be preferred "" ( oed < it > = 86d . ) . the french _ c ' est _ construction seems to have influenced the english grammar . a curious result of examining different lines across the manuscripts of piers is that the "" proverbial he "" sometimes can be seen to have feminine morphology . i have posted examples to linguistic . the explanation for this phenomenon can be understood by following the evolution from an older english pronoun paradigm to a modern one , from one in which the feminine was associated with the all-genders plural and the masculine associated with the singular and neuter .
",0
940,"Subject: japanese specialist needed
 
 the linguistics research department at at&t bell laboratories is seeking a native or near-native speaker of japanese to work as a consultant in the development of a text-analysis module for a japanese text-to - speech synthesizer . the candidate should have a good background in linguistics , with a knowledge of computational linguistics being especially desirable . the candidate should also have a good ( explicit ) knowledge of japanese word-structure , phonology and intonation . applicants should be current graduate students or recent phds / mas . the duration of the project is somewhat open-ended but will probably amount to 200 days over the next few months . the starting time is also somewhat flexible , though we would like to start as soon as possible . consultant fees are negotiable . please send inquiries , cvs , etc . , preferably by email , to me at the address below . - richard sproat linguistics research department at&t bell laboratories | tel ( 908 ) 582-5296 600 mountain avenue , room 2d - 451 | fax ( 908 ) 582-7308 murray hill , nj 07974 , usa | rws @ research . att . com
",0
941,"Subject: uniformitarianism
 
 in response to the request for info on this topic , uniformitarianism as i understand it is the doctrine , which appears to have originated in geology , that assumes that the same laws apply to various processes ( originally , geological , then biological , but also social and linguistic ) in all time periods , thus allowing in particular reconstruction of various aspects of prehistory . i first read of it in some the essays of stephen j . gould , for whom this is a favorite theme . a useful source esp . for us linguists is the collection of articles language and earth , ed . by bernd naumann et al . , 1992 , amsterdam / philadelphia : john benjamins , although many potential readers will be turned off bu the fact that several important contributions are in german , which all too few scholars read any more . the index to this work lists many many references to uniformitarianism in different chapters . although i have not read any , i would think there would be books on charles lyell , who is supposed to have fathered modern geology , which would deal with this topic at length . alexis manaster ramer
",0
942,"Subject: re : 6 . 1078 , re : 1053 , english only ( bilingualism )
 
 i am writing to ask alexis manaster ramer a simple question concerning the universality of certain phenomena : how come about a hundred languages are spoken in present-day russia despite the attempts to russify everyone ? this linguist seems to be very active , yet unfortunately he tends to generalize the information he is aware of , judging by his contribution to the discussion on he / she pronouns and his remarks concerning russian linguistic policies . i would like to tell him of a common example concerning various ethnicities in russia : in 1553 czar ivan the dreadful incorporated the mari , mordvin ( finnic ) , chuvash and tatars ( turkic ) nationalities into his state . nowadays these peoples live in the very heart of russia on the middle volga , and , apparently , enjoy their culture and languages . they have also contributed to the culture and language of the dominant nation . the infamous cossacks ( farmers living on the borders of the state and ready to resort to arms to protect them , a sort of michigan militia ) have preserved their language while acquiring a lot of culture from , say , mountaineers of the caucausus . yet they did not assimilate those peoples who still speak their languages . to draw parallels between nostratic universal processes and the language policies of russia might hardly be considered an appropriate example . it would rather be the opposite of the desired . valeri vassiliev st . john 's
",0
943,"Subject: sex bias and epicenes
 
 h . stephen straight is right to mention the importance of the essentially psychological evidence in favor of the idea that epicene he biases perceptions in favor male interpretations . there are considerable number of studies of this effect and a few attempts at interpretation as to how it comes about . essentially , the studies take two tacks . one model involves an interpretation task of some kind in which subjects are induced to provide some form of evidence of male or female interpretation of the referent of some generic epicene . the independent variable was the pronoun coreferent to epicene antecedents in invented sentences presented to subjects . subjects give names to characters , draw pictures , or say directly whether a character is male or female , etc . this type began back in 1970 , with an almost impossible to locate study by kidd . the most famous version was probably martyna 's ( 1978 , 1980 ) work and the latest version i am aware of was an experiment by gastil in 1990 . also , there were experiments by kosrohshahi in 1989 , moulton , robins , & elias in 1978 , and switzer in 1990 . the other type involves production tasks in which subjects selected a coreferential pronoun to complete sentences with antecedents refering generic epicene referents . here the independent variable was the degree of sex-stereotypicality of the generic referent ( e . g . marine vs . teenager vs . nurse ) . this type of study was inaugurated by martyna ( 1978 , 1980 ) . it was also used by gastil . in almost all studies uses of he strongly correlat with male interpretations of the referent . my own naturalistic data shows the same result with referents like ' lumberjack ' and ' particpants in congressional sex scandal ' used more with he than say ' child , ' or ' teacher . ' there are others along both lines , which will be supplied upon request . as for explanations , the most interesting ones for someone ( like me ) who tends to be skeptical of pernicious influences of grammar on other aspects of cognition ( please let 's not start that one again ) are by mcconnell - ginet in a number of articles ( e . g . 1988 ) and moulton back in 1977 . moulton eschews notions of markedness and instead compares it to the kleenex effect whereby the identity of a prestigious subset is assumed by the superordinate category , with the result that people tend to think of the subset as more prototypical . so kleenex are most prototypical paper tissues , sanka is the prototypical decaf coffee ( in the us ) , and so on . note that this involves cognitive interaction with lexical semantics ; there is nothing morphosyntactic going on here . refs : ( i ' ll put full names whenever i remember ; i do n't want to look up all the arts . ) gastil , john ( 1990 ) "" generic pronouns and sexist language sex roles , 23 629-643 kidd , v . ( 1970 ) a study of images produced through the use of male pronouns as the generic moments in contemporary rhetoric and communications , 1 25-30 khosroshahi , f ( atima ? ) ( 1989 ) penguins do n't care , but women do language in society , 18 , 505-525 martyna , wendy ( 1978 ) what does he mean ? j . of communication , 28 131-138 . martyna , wendy ( 1980 ) the psychology of the generic masculine in r . borker and n . ferman women and language in literature and society mcconnell - ginet , sally ( 1988 ) language and gender in frederick newmayer linguistics the cambride survey vol . iv moulton , janice ( 1977 ) the myth of the neutral man . in m . vetterling - braggan , j . elliston , & j . english feminism and philosophy moulton , janice , robinson , m . and cheris , e . ( 1978 ) psychology in action : sex bias in language use "" american psychologist , 33 , 1032-1036 switzer , j . ( 1990 ) the impact of generic word choices sex roles 22 , 69-82 michael newman dept . of educational theory & practice the ohio state university mnewman @ magnus . acs . ohio-state . edu
",0
944,"Subject: disc : sex / lang , re : 1079
 
 h . stephen straight writes : < < < in our focus on the epicene pronoun that doubles as the masculine pronoun , and the generic noun ( e . g . man ) that doubles as the masculine form , we sometimes let logic , and the theory of markedness , overwhelm psychology . the evidence , i believe , strongly supports the claim that even in clearly non-specific contexts these items trigger masculine prototypes in receivers . > > > i agree with this generally for the present state of standard english . but the "" triggering "" , to some very important degree , is in the mind of the historical beholder . right ? the ' psychology "" part i disagree with because of its unspecified universal implications , perhaps better : "" overwhelm semantics "" . most people , except gender separatists , would be particularly untriggered to a masculine reference to words such as "" sportsmanship "" and "" penmanship "" . i liked the construction of one of the first lady 's publicist who said of her , "" she is her own best salesman "" . "" man "" and "" he / his / him "" have differing semantic domains over time . in middle english "" he was a fair wife "" , "" two men were made for the garden "" , etc . if in the modern mind these constructions trigger male associations , it might make all the more necessary the study of historical change . in my middle english work with pronouns , some contexts can be found where "" he that . . . "" in proverbial use , with sometimes-plural verbs , has the weight of proverbial "" they who "" , and is related morpholgically to the feminine , not the masculine . a radical idea i wish someone would challenge me on . also , "" him "" and "" his "" were not only masculine , they were also neuter - - "" neither one or the other "" . to understand the modern paradigm , we have to study the history it grew out of , including the protogermanic and ie paradigms . i wonder if h . stephen straight has read my comments and quotations on "" the mark "" in recent discussion . all of us , men and women alike , can be described in some capacities as "" generic people "" . is n't this what we mean by "" society "" ? one veiw of the half-glass sees that we , as generic people , desire to give females preferential treatment , and have distinct words for those of us who are female ( she , women ) , but parallel words for males are , lacking , are tautonyms . we , those of us who are male , are relegated to use a word also used for everybody else . "" masculine "" is only sex-distinct in contrastive position with the "" feminine "" . the reason for generic pronouns doubling with the masculine is because men are , in our "" psychology "" thought of more frequently as generic people . females have long been accorded special priviledges in western society - - we do n't execute murderesses , we create conditions for those of us who are women to live 10 % longer than men , we exclude them from the military draft , old women commit suicide at a rate less than 1 / 12th that of old men , etc . that is not to say that everybody does n't have it rough once in a while . men do not externalize their victimization to a metaphorical "" daddy "" . i personally think that women should go on being afforded special status and privileges in language and society . the turning wine to venom these passed decades has shown the dark side of our society . the writer says < < < "" every one of the members of the boys and girls club loves his parents . "" "" the cultures of the world provide ample testimony on the extent of man 's capacity to adapt to different environments . "" no matter that the situations logically embrace both sexes ( and all genders : - ) , the damage is done . > > > it is the "" logic "" of an intuitive sort , and is not based in boolean and identity operations of the human mind . the "" logic "" is no more than a rule-base in the configuration of gender / case / number of the modern pronoun paradigm . use of the word "" logic "" by many of us who discuss language is off the mark . i use "" everyone . . . their "" , and wonder about the linguistic timidity that holds others of us back . damage ? does this mean exclusion from semantic space : - ) the writer continues , < < < yucatec maya , by the way , has no grammatical gender and , to the best of my knowledge , exhibits no morphological or semantic tendency toward treating either sex as the unmarked member of the pair . h stephen straight , anthro / ling / lgs across the curric , binghamton u ( suny ) box 6000 , binghamton ny 13902-6000 tel : 607-777 - 2824 fax : 607-777 - 2889 > > > this seems counter to the idea that says universal male cultural dominance is seen in male dominance in language constructions - - that alexis manaster ramer postules in slightly more qualified form . it sure would be nice to have other examples , pro and con , from around the world . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lydie meunier writes < < < question raised in answer to alexis manaster ramer who writes : > so what it all boils down to , again , is that i maintain that > it makes no sense whatever to discuss the origin of the > epicene he phenomenon in the context of the story of > english prescriptive grammar , but only in the context of > the way in which perceptions of sex roles have informed > the structure of language ( as of any other institution ) . have perceptions of sex roles informed us on the structure of language , or does the structure of language enlighten us on socially acquired yet still subconscious sexist behavior of today 's homo sapiens ? lydie e . meunier / department of languages university of tulsa / tel : 918 631 2813 ( o ) lang _ lem @ centum . utulsa . edu / fax : 918 744 1902 > > > the "" contructivist "" view of sexuality is widely held in academia , but the view has the hauteur of an "" in "" religious tenet , and has no well-reasoned position , and only endures because its opposite can't "" really "" be "" proved "" . the only proof-evidence i have ever seen consists of some embarrasingly poor analogies with animal behavior . where 's the good evidence ? i ' ll post sometime soon the interesting things - - in support of my side - - that jane goodall has to say about sex roles and chimps . the "" constructivist "" view of sexuality goes back to the 1960s - - ( to kate millet in chapter 2 of her famous book ? ) when those of us who were differentially sexed - - like millet later affirmed to herself be - - became preoccupied , and still are , with passive and active sex-related roles . the constructivist view is a spoiler-view assault on traditional morality .
",0
945,"Subject: words that are their own opposites ( part 2 )
 
 in my last summary ( linguist 6 . 74 ) i listed a collection of what i call auto-antonyms - - words that have two opposite meanings . for example , to "" clip "" may mean to cut a little piece off , or to put a little piece on . to "" look over "" may mean careful scrutiny or that you missed an important detail . sometimes the antonymy may be historical : "" nice "" used to denote an unpleasant quality . in that summary , i promised a discussion of whether any generalities could be made about such pairs . are they regularly motivated , or always a coincidence ? i ' m still editing the responses to that question . meanwhile , here are more auto-antonyms that got left out of last post : one auto-antonym that i seem to have overlooked in preparing my post , although i remember looking it over many times before , is "" moot "" , which at once means "" suitable for debate "" and "" not worth discussing "" . impregnable : able to impregnated or inable to be pregnated , as joel hoffman points out . cope ( s ) mate : used to mean antagonist and now means partner or comerade , says ariadna solovyova , who got the word off of anu garg 's a . word . a . day mailing list . it turns out that they were having a week celebrating "" fence-setters "" , evidently another term for what i ' ve been calling auto-antonyms . bruce nevin reminds us of an intercontinental auto-antonym pair : "" public school "" in britain is "" private school "" in the usa and vice versa . infer : historically ( and now , informally ) this means "" imply "" as well . rent , lease : several pointed out to me that these means both lend and borrow . in addition , dan myers wrote to tell me that chinese operates similarly with respect to this pair , and wolfgang lipp notes a similar auto-antonymy to represent "" give "" and "" take "" in pronunciation ( shou4 ) but not in writing . learn / teach : in "" sub "" - standard english , these two meanings fuse into "" learn "" , as they do in standard russian "" uchit ' "" here are some of my personal favorites that i left out of the first summary : sensitive : this may describe either someone with profound understanding for the feelings of others , and tolerates differences of opinion ( thus "" sensitivity training "" for group leaders ) as well as a paranoid who does n't listen to what people are really saying , and decides to take everything as a personal insult . hole / whole : spelled the first way , an entire absence of matter ; the second , entire presence . this reminds me of "" pit "" which can be either a hollow or the stone of a fruit . which reminds me of "" seeded "" oranges ( insert your favorite fuit here ) - - oranges with seeds ( as opposed to navel oranges , which have no seeds ) , or oranges that have had their seeds removed . if you think you ' re beginning to see some patterns here , you ' re not alone ! as i said , i ' ve received a few theories on the ultimate essence of auto-antonymy , historical , psychological , and sociological approaches . these theories show that auto-antonymy comes about for a variety of reasons . in a short while , i ' m going to put up a summary of these theories . then , i ' ll briefly cover related linguistic phenomena , such as words with synonyms that look suspiciously like antonyms : flammable / inflammable , ravel / unravel . oh , and by the way , it turns out i was not the first to come up with the term "" auto-antonym . "" dennis baron informs me that he used the term "" autoantonymy "" on page 73 of his 1989 book / declining grammar and other essays on the english vocabulary / . - - alex eulenberg ( aeulenbe @ indiana . edu ) - - indiana university
",0
946,"Subject: disc . sex and language
 
 dear subscribers : to help in discussing "" sex and language "" , i would like some feedback on were ( if anyplace at all ) we should impose limits on words and ideas - - ie , impose on ourselves benign self-censorship . that talking "" about "" taboo words and ideas is different from using them in their colloquial variations is a simple distinction . i have always felt that academia has been dishonest for lack of forthrightness in dealing with socio / psycho / sexual matters . are there any topics that we can not talk about , and because we can not talk about them , you are unable to say what they are ? should , for example "" jerk "" or "" female "" be exluded because some of us might be offended , others potentially tittilated , by the ultimate body part references in their historical etymologies ? please help , what are the limits of language in this forum in the discussion of "" sex and language "" . what do you think should be and not be off limits ? what part does political correctness play ?
",0
947,"Subject: re : 6 . 1083 , disc : sex / lang , re : 1079 , 1080
 
 alexis mr writes : > lydie meunier seems to be asking which comes first , sexist language > or sexist behavior . but there is surely a third alternative , that > language and behavior evolve together , reinforcing each other . > it is also important to distinguish the question of how some form > of language or behavior arose in the first place from that of how > it is transmitted to successive generations . i would have little > doubt that sexist language plays a major role in transmitting > ideas which lead to sexist behavior , but it is difficult for me > to believe that historically sexist language came before sexist > behavior . you ' re probably right ! historically , sexist behavior probably came before sexist language . yet , today we are born in a society already in place , and sexist language is likely to influence a child 's mind and lead to a sexist behavior . are we born with a sexist attitude ? i do believe that many traditions ( sexism being one of them ) and perspectives are partially conveyed through language . however , like you , i tend to believe that language and behavior evolve together . i do believe that historically today 's sexist interactive patterns are influenced - - among other factors - - by sociolinguistic practices during biblical times when a wife had to address her husband as slaves had to address their master , or subjects their king . this implied that a man could also address his wife as a master his slave and a king his subject , i . e . , using a clear rhetoric of authority . today , conversational dominance by males in our judeo-christian society is not as extreme as during the biblical times , but interestingly it is still inherent to male-specific discourse and has become the focus of some interesting sociolinguistic research . as a matter of fact , i moved to the bible belt one year ago ( i spent 10 years on the east and west coasts in the us prior to my arrival in the bible belt last year ; originally i come from europe ) , and after observations of interractive patterns among couples around me , i came to the hypothesis that the stronger a religious ( or traditional ) impact on people 's life , the more sex discrimination is reflected in language use . i have also noticed much more instances of sex discrimination in language use in offices i had to go to in the bible belt ( e . g . doctor and lawyer offices , insurance agencies , etc . ) than in other professional offices i visited elsewhere in the u . s . i found this extremely interesting . > ( a ) i do believe that people in all kinds of cultures themselves > believe that men and male behavior are superior in some sense to > women and female behavior , and i hold that this perception ( even if > it were not accurate ) is what must matter to us as we discuss > sexist language . whether the perception is accurate is of no importance > in this context . why should it be of no importance ? shall we just accept the discriminatory status quo as it is ? what is the point of studying linguistics if it is for no other purpose than the pleasure of intellectual analysis ? shall we just remain at the analytical level and ignore the implications revealed by research , or could we also use research findings to help improve communication or even change subsconsciously ( socially ) acquired schemata ? studies in psychology have shown that females reading texts written in a generic "" he "" retain less information than when they read texts using a generic plural . obviously , the impact of using a sexist language goes beyond the simple interest of linguistic studies within a certain context . personally , i like to believe that my research will somewhat help society at large . what is the point of considering discriminatory perspectives as unchangeable or questionable facts whereas we all know that both languages and human psychology have the potential to change ? > ( b ) i do not make any necessary connection between oppression of > womn and oppression of black people at all . i simply used the > example of black slavery as an example of the general principle that > to admit the existence of a form of oppression practiced by some > group ( by white people ) does not mean that one must necessarily > hate them . my point was that i am not a mysandrist just because > i accept that men have historically not been very nice to women . you are absolutely right ! hate does not help any purpose nor does it improve communication . yet , black people needed the cooperation of open-minded white people to help them reach a status based on the principle of equality . the same applies to females who keep trying to communicate with males , and who meet open and understanding men whereas others still believe that sexism is a nonsense political issue brought up by angry feminists . before being a political issue , it is a serious social issue that needs to be addressed through mutual understanding and respect . if males refuse their cooperation , some females may end up hating men as a natural psychological reaction . simone de beauvoir wrote in her book the second sex that there is no black problem yet a white problem ( referring the civil right movement in the us in the 50 's 60 's ) , because so called black issues essentially stem from the whites ' disciminatory attitudes . black problems can be addressed by first revealing the problem of racism , and then by educating people to open their mind to differences as an enriching asset to the society , not a sign of deficiency . likewise , women issues are primarily men issues , because we are still living in a world which has been historically organized by men who believed in female inferiority , whether politically , socially or linguistically . communication between men and women is therefore the key to social improvement , hence the social mission of our research in linguistics , considering that language use is a social phenomenon . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * je pense donc je baragouine . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * lydie e . meunier / department of languages university of tulsa / tel : 918 631 2813 ( o ) lang _ lem @ centum . utulsa . edu / fax : 918 744 1902 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
948,"Subject: re : 6 . 1086 , disc : uniformitarianism , re : 1080
 
 omitted from alexis 's summary on uniformitatrianism is the note that it was promulgated , or at least popularized , about 1800 by the geologist charles lyell ; it was necessary as a counter to the "" catastrophism "" that explained observable geological phenomena in a way consisten t with the ibiblical cacccount of creation . lyell was enormously influential on darwin , who took the book with him on the beagle in the latge 1830s and formulated his first important explanations , e . g . of the formation of coral atolls , in uniformitarian rather tan catastrophistic terms .
",0
949,"Subject: re : 6 . 1088 , disc : sex / lang , re : 1079
 
 in response to michael newman ( to whom i am very grateful for the references ) , i think that there are two separate issues , are n't there : one is the one he illuminates so well for modern english , namely , the fact that the epicene he biases perceptions in favor of male inter - pretations ; the other is that , even if that were not the case , there would still be something very suspicious about the mere fact that male / masc . pronouns and agreement are used so widely in languages of the world for the epicene . i am not even sure that we can show that the two are related . i would guess that in languages that truly lack gender , one would still find some of the same perceptual biases ( although i am only guessing ) . alexis manaster ramer
",0
950,"Subject: phonemicity of writing
 
 i would like to get some estimate of what percentage of the world 's written languages are represented orthographically in a phonemic manner . more specifically , how many written languages are such that one can predict the phonological properties of a word - - - including stress , accent or tone - - - merely by consulting the string of symbols used to write that word , and without further information , such as the morphological structure of the word ? for a language whose writing system is largely phonemic , one could write down a set of rules for word pronunciation , and in the ideal case the number of rules would be within an order of magnitude of the number of graphemes . ( a few lexical exceptions do n't matter , as long as there are n't hundreds of them . ) i am leaving the sense of ` phoneme ' intentionally vague : normally a phonemic written representation implies that one can predict the surface phonemic representation from the written form of the word , but i would be perfectly happy considering a system to be phonemic if some more abstract level of phonological representation were represented , from which the surface phonemic representation could be predicted by regular phonological rules / principles . ( i should also note , to clarify the question further , that i am interested primarily in the correspondence between the written form and the spoken form for the the standard variet ( y , ies ) of the language , which the written form presumably reflects to some degree : i am not interested ( at the moment ) in dialects of the language which deviate to varying degrees from the standard . ) so , under this definition , spanish would presumably count as very phonemic since one can nearly always predict the pronunciation of a word , including its stress , from the orthography . romanian is less phonemic since while the actual set of phonemes in a word is mostly determinable by the set of graphemes used ( with the representation of glides being slight source of complication ) , the placement of stress requires some knowledge of the morphological class of the word ( following work of ioana chitoran ) . english is presumably among the least phonemic , since the ` regular rules ' of pronunciation are themselves quite complex , and there are many lexical exceptions . the particular classification of the writing system as logographic , moraic or segmental is unimportant : in principle chinese writing could be classed as phonemic ( albeit with a rather large set of graphemes ) , but for the fact that especially among the more common characters there are quite a few with pronunciation ambiguities which can only be resolved using lexical information . i am familiar with several of the recent books on writing systems : but while these typically contain in-depth analyses of particular systems , as far as i can tell , nobody has done a survey of this kind . ( if on the contrary , someone can point me to a survey that answers this question , i would be most grateful . ) so , i would be very interested in getting as much information related to this question on as many languages as people are sufficiently familiar with . i think i already know the answer to these questions for the more familiar western european languages ( including some less familiar ones like irish and welsh ) , as well as romanian , russian , hebrew , arabic , chinese , japanese and malagasy . i would be particularly interested in knowing about languages for which writing systems have only recently been developed , or for which the spelling system has recently undergone a massive restructuring : conventional wisdom has it that in such cases the writing system should be very phonemic , but perhaps that is not always true . please send any replies to me , and if there are a sufficient number i will post the results of this survey to the list . - richard sproat linguistics research department at&t bell laboratories | tel ( 908 ) 582-5296 600 mountain avenue , room 2d - 451 | fax ( 908 ) 582-7308 murray hill , nj 07974 , usa | rws @ research . att . com
",0
951,"Subject: the other side of * galicismos *
 
 * galicismo * is a spanish term which names the improper introduction of french words which are spanish sounding and thus very deceptive to the ear . * galicismo * is often considered to be a * barbarismo * . what would be the term which designates the opposite phenomenon , that is unlawful words of spanish origin which may have crept into french ? can someone provide examples ? thank you joseph m kozono < kozonoj @ gunet . georgetown . edu >
",0
952,"Subject: re : grammar / syntax courses at the college freshman / sophomore level
 
 i would like to hear from people who teach or know of grammar or syntax courses offered at the college freshman or sophomore level . we teach such a course at north seattle community college . it concentrates on syntax and teaches a formal , traditional approach to it . we even use reed - kellog diagrams rather than phrase structure trees . another piece of the course applies the syntax to the improvement of writing . in that part of the course we use sentence combining . the course was created here by my colleague , edith wollin , and i know that , in its present form , it is probably unique . it should be taught elsewhere , for it is very successful . students praise it and recommend it to other sdtudernts . they even say it makes them better readers ! we present the material at a level and pace that would make it too challenging for many developmental-level students . the course is certainly as rigorous as sany other 100 - level and 200 - level course in most colleges ; indeed , we think it rivals many higher-level courses in usefulness . but we are aware that it does not present the broad linguistics-based grammar covered in the typical 300 - level grammar course . one professor of such a course at the university of washington told me our course sounds like excellent preparation for his . he said he would love to get students who already know what a clause is . i would be grateful to hear from colleagues who know of any kind of grammmar or syntax course at the freshman or sophomore level . thanks . michael kischner north seattle community college seattle , wa 98103 ( 206 ) 528-4540
",0
953,"Subject: english as an isolating lang .
 
 dear collegues , sometimes i ' ve heard that english is becoming more the isolating language from the inflecting one typologically . i would like to know the discussion aboout the phenomena or actual evidences to explain this argument . so , could you please give some knowledge or any literature about this topic ? i will post a summary . thank you very much . - hideo fujii computer science department university of massachusetts at amherst
",0
954,"Subject: re : 6 . 1094 , qs : phonemicity of writing
 
 this is stimulated by richard sproat 's query about "" phonemic "" orthog - raphy , but presents an opportunity for a bibliographical notice . to answer the question directly , the number of languages with a "" phonemic "" orthography approaches zero . once in a while a spelling reform is imposed ( e . g . in czech or dutch - - though since the dutch seem to keep doing it , they apparently do n't get it right ) , and for a generation or two , orthography might be as regular as the language planners intended . but language changes , spelling does n't , so orthography soon diverges from pronunciation . very troubling is the use of the term "" grapheme "" as if it had a meaning - whereas "" phoneme "" is apologized for ! please see my article in 18th lacus forum ( 1991 ) with subsequent deiscussion in 21st lacus forum ( 1994 ) . a survey along the lines of what r . sproat requests will be avbailable toward the end of the year , when the world 's writing systems , edited by me and william bright , will be published by osxford university press . the focus is on how the writing systems of the world encode the phonolo - gies of the major languages that use them . members of the lsa received a mailing about the book , which offered a prepublication discount price of $ 100 , available until 31 august . i urge you to take advantage of it ! i have known for about a week that the book has 894 pages plus front matter and index , so the price is pretty reason - able , as such thinkgs go . ( regular price is currently set at $ 125 . )
",0
955,"Subject: disc . sex / lang
 
 a few remarks in the discussion , and comments on / to newman , meunier the widespread "" constructivist "" concept of personality and sex roles / language is seriously injured by what jane goodall has to say below . is my interpretation wrong that the preoccupation in feminist studies with sex roles / language , and the diffusion of that preoccupation into other corridors of the university , began as an assault on "" normativity "" , i . e . , knee-jerk heteropartnershipping in the late 1960s ? we are attracted to the opposite sex only because society teaches this to us . thumbs up to tolerance , real diversity , and curing the real ills of society by needs of the individual not the group ; thumbs down to intuitive scholarship , academic shamanism , and prescriptive grammas jane goodall , through a window , houghton mifflin company , boston , 1990 . "" my thirty years with the chimpanzees of gombe . "" ( p 118 ) one of the most important milestones in the life of a young male is when he begins to travel away from his mother with other members of the community . the severing of apron strings is far more necessary for a young male than a young female . she can learn most of what she needs to know for a successful adult life whilst remaining in her family setting . not only can she watch her mother and her mother 's friends caring for their infants , but she can actually handle them herself , gaining much of the experience which she will need later when she has a baby of her own . and she can learn , during her mother 's ` pink days ' , a good deal about sex and the demands that will subsequently be made of her in that sphere . the young male has different things to learn . there are some aspects of community life that are primarily , though not entirely , male responsibilities = adsuch as patrolling , repelling intruders , searching out distant food sources , and some kinds of hunting . he cannot gain adequate experience in such matters if he remains with his mother . he must leave her and spend time with the males . = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d michael newman provides some welcome references in the literature that provide data more specific for what we all know generally , that some terms are semantically marked for gender - - marine , lumberjack , nurse . regarding "" he "" - - it has biases for masculine interpretation - - no doubt about that for the current state of the language . in centuries before modern english , and into the modern english era , "" he "" was also a feminine pronoun . michael newman is "" skeptical of pernicious influences of grammar on ot her aspects of cognition "" , whereas lydie meunier says "" "" studies in psychology have shown that females reading texts written in a generic-he retain less information than when they read texts using a generic plural "" . newman goes on to express accord with moulton 's "" kleenex effect whereby the identity of a prestigious subset is assumed by the superordinated category , with the result that people tend to think of the subset as more prototypical "" . this sounds like individual-for - the-class synechdoche . i do not think that the "" prestigious subset "" sufficiently describes he / man phenomena , does not hit the mark head on , because it assumes man is to woman under "" man "" , as kleenex is to puffs under "" kleenex "" . i think my use of the term "" tautonym "" focuses a little sharper on the genus-species aspect . the difference between coke and pepsi is more like the difference between joe and john , and of a different order than that between boys and girls . i am suggesting another way to see the generic phenomenon - - in part supported by what i quoted in detail from jakobson a few posts back : a man is a living generic person , only made distinctive for sex in contrast / juxtapostion with woman . generic he / man in language describes generic he / man in-the - flesh - - as unmarked for sex . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - to lydie meunier : i am glad to know that someone on linguistic has expertise in sociolinguistic practices during biblical times . could you provide some chapters and verses about the more-or - less slavery of wives to their husbands ? it 's true there are all kinds of depravities in the bible , in f = act joshua was quite an ethnic cleanser himself . do you know if there is anything in the bible about how wives of slaves were treated , as they wou = ld be "" double-slaves "" ? finally , you use the word "" sexism "" , so popular in our = common cultural vocabulary , but , aside from it being a political slogan , = how could we most appropriately define it in its non-political slogan sense , = as you use it ? = jeff weber =
",0
956,"Subject: sum : ' because ' versus 's ince / as ' ( 6 . 1043 )
 
 i would like to thank the following persons very much for their judgements , comments and various hints concerning my query : marie egan , duncan macgregor , richard ingham , james kirchner , kevin lemoine , david powers , karen ward , yael ziv and especially karen stanley , who took a poll about my claims among her colleagues ( a big thank-you to them too ) . > from the mail i have received by now , the following picture emerges : including the people interviewed by k . stanley , 7 do not agree with my distinction and 5 do agree more or less . some informants suggest other distinctions between the conjunctions : for one , 's ince ' and ' as ' are more formal than ' because ' ( a view which is also presented in some dictionaries and grammars ) , for another , ' as ' is more formal than ' because ' but 's ince ' is "" only suitable for informal conversation but nor for writing "" . the latter judgement seems to be in conformity with a prescriptivist view according to which 's ince ' as a causal conjunction is not to be used at all . ( i want to note that i have identified 209 ( = 13 % ) causal since-clauses among 1576 causal as - , because - , for - and since-clauses in the machine readable british - english lob - corpus ( written texts from 1961 ) . most of these since-clauses are to be found in the category called ' learned and scientific writing ' . ) another informant , for whom my example sentence ( 1 ) is essentially synonymous with either conjunction , has the impression that the speaker of ( 1 ) using ' because ' "" feels john 's admission more noteworthy , or more important to the narrative , than he or she would if 's ince ' or ' as ' were used . "" into the same direction , i assume , goes another judgement according to which ' because ' is "" stronger and more explicit and more exceptional . "" ( i have found a similar view in the literature and have interpreted it as a consequence of my differentiation : entailment on the basis of a rule or norm is intrinsically less noteworthy , less exceptional than ' real ' causation . ) some people have pointed out the relevance of the position of the causal clause . as a tendency , my rule / norm interpretation is considered to be more in accordance with the causal clause ( be it 's ince / as ' or ' because ' ) preceding its main / matrix clause . however , one informant feels "" more comfortable with since clauses preceding , and because clauses following , the main clause . "" ( this impression is somehow in conformity with the statistical situation in the above mentioned lob - corpus : only about 9 % of the because-clauses are preposed , whereas 41 % of the since-clauses and 43 % of the as-clauses are preposed there . ) one informant pointed out constraints which may affect the acceptability of 's ince ' as a causal conjunction : "" 's ince ' seems to have a much more limited application . for me there is a tense / aspect / ? ? ? constraint between the clauses ( consistent with the temporal meaning it also has ? ? ) , otherwise it sounds forced or stilted . i do n't really like your sentence ( 1 ) with 's ince ' . reversing the clauses makes it more acceptable to me , as does changing ' was ' to ' is ' ( strange ! ) . conversely , changing ' has been ' to ' was ' makes the 's ince ' version even less acceptable to me . "" ( probably , the last point in this quotation is caused by the fact that replacement of ' was ' by ' has been ' makes the sentence grammatically acceptable with a temporal interpretation of the since-clause . ) do i have to conclude from the ' empirical ' outcome of my query that my differentiation is not tenable ? for various reasons ( which i hope to develop convincingly in a doctoral dissertation to be submitted soon ) , i do not think so . are there , perhaps , some more people ' out there ' who agree with my claims , but who refrain from simply stating ' i agree ' ? of course , this would not make my query statistically more valid , but it would suggest that there is some plausibility to my non-empirical reasons . carsten breul e-mail : carsten . breul @ rz . ruhr-uni - bochum . de
",0
957,"Subject: job offering
 
 job openings in spoken language application development unisys corporation paoli , pennsylvania we are looking for developers who will work on applications in the area of spoken language understanding systems . candidates should have a master 's or ph . d . degree in linguistics or computer science , be competent in the prolog programming language , and have some background in computational linguistics and artificial intelligence . experience in one or more of the following areas is desirable : linguistic analysis ( particularly syntax and semantics ) expert systems user interfaces / human factors speech recognition in-depth knowledge of languages other than english developers will extend existing natural language understanding software to work in a wide variety of new applications , including adding new vocabulary , extending the grammar , and creating new interfaces between the natural language system and existing software systems . contact : debbie dahl unisys east coast development center ms e140 - 4 2476 swedesford rd . paoli , pa 19301 dahl @ tr . unisys . com
",0
958,"Subject: sum : imperatives without you subjects
 
 content - length : 3573 summary of responses to my query on imperatives without you subjects my original query asked for references and suggestions concerning apparent imperatives with indefinite noun phrase subjects like : do n't anybody move . all the band members leave the room now . all in favor say "" aye . "" many thanks to all the respondents : suzanne kemmer , susan fischer , bob frank , jussi karlgren , steven schaufele , larry horn , arnold zwicky , alan huffman , christer platzack , marie egan , michael flier , bruce nevin , kripka sundar , and rosta , kimberly weiss , bruce downing , anton sherwood , bernard comrie , inger rosengren , chase wrenn , peter coopmans horn , fischer and flier suggested checking the subject status of anybody , all etc by looking at tags , where it seems that the under - lying you reappears , whereas tags with anybody and all sound bad . do n't anybody move , will you / * will they ? all in favor say "" aye , "" won't you / * won't they ? this correlates with the fact that the indefinites can be understood as specifying the reference of you such that anybody equates with ' any one of you ' , all with ' all of you ' and so on . in a similar vein , rosta , sundar , schaufele and comrie suggest that anybody and all are the lexical realization of a pragmatic addressee you and a presupposed agent you . weiss , nevin and sherwood analyze the examples as containing a vocative anybody and all with a corresponding regular 2nd person imperative . huffman and wrenn see these apparent imperatives as subjunctive sentences , so that the occurrence of anybody and all does n't require any special comment . egan and karlgren point out the existence of 1st and 3rd person imperatives in greek and german . thus in german : gehen wir ins kino roughly ' let 's go to the movies ' contains 1st person plural wir ' we ' with imperative gehen . this too would suggest that imperatives with 3rd person subjects present no anomaly . these respondents and others mentioned above cited the references below . downing , bruce . 1969 . vocatives and 3rd - person imperatives in english . papers in linguistics 1 , 3 : 570-92 . zwicky , arnold . 1987 . rev . of davis . the english imperative . linguistics 25 , 4 : 805-810 . zwicky , a . 1988 . on the subject of bare imperatives in english . on language % stockwell festschrift % , ed . by duncan - rose et al . croom helm . beukema , f . & p . coopmans . 1989 . a gb perspective on the imperative in english . journal of linguistics 25 : 417-36 . zanuttini . 1991 . u of pennsylvania dissertation . platzack , chr . & i . rosengren . 1994 . on the subject of imperatives . sprache & pragmatics . to appear . takahashi , hide . to appear . language sciences . thank you to all who responded . once i ' ve had a look at the various references , i may offer a further comment to linguist . best wishes , neal norrick tb0nrn1 @ mvs . cso . niu . edu
",0
959,"Subject: re : 5 . 1500 comparative method , polarization & reviews
 
 i am forwarding the following for posting at the request of robert rankin ( rankin @ ukanvm . cc . unkans . edu ) . i do not subscribe to this list and have no wish to join the fray at present , but when my name is mentioned sometimes the file is forwarded to me via e-mail . thus the following : andy anderson cites me on three points in a series of recent postings . i have known andy upwards of 30 years and do not feel that he would in - tentionally misrepresent my views , but i also feel a couple of things need clarification . first , i am uncomfortable about being formally cited as a ( secondary ) source of information on lyle campbell 's paper from the boulder ( green - berg ) conference of ca . 1990 . if andy wishes to distribute an attack on the paper or its author in written form , he should first obtain an actual copy of it or , alternatively , await its publication . i guess i should n't have brought it up in our conversation at the ssila / aaa meetings . second , i am said to have reported that the geneticists who have studied the mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) of sundry native american and siberian peo - ples claim that there were / are "" two subgroups within amerind ( aside from the eskimo and athabaskans ) . "" this is not what i ( or the paper 's authors wallace , torroni and schurr , et al . ) said . the authors did not address themselves to the linguistic problems and most certainly did n't talk about "" subgroups "" . nor did i , since i do not regard the historicity of anything like "" amerind "" as even remotely established . the authors of the paper did posit at least four "" migrations "" . they do not discuss the most recent , eskomo - aleut , in their abstract , but i think they gave a time depth figure of about 6000 years bp ( before present ) for it orally - - do n't quote me . from their abstract : for what they call na - dene their figure is 7000-10000 years bp . then they say they have evidence for at least two "" migrations "" preceding that . one comes between 12000-15000 bp and the earliest between 26000-34000 bp . figures as high as 40000 bp were mentioned orally , as i recall . they did not attempt to correlate their figures with our knowledge of periods of glaciation or the periodic existence of the land bridge in beringia . i leave it to readers to decide what this portends for the amerind hypo - thesis or its proposed ( glotto ) chronology , but a warning is in order in any event . note that i have written "" migration "" in quotes above . this is not because i wish to pejorate the term ; it is because geneticists use it in a very special way . for them it has to do solely with the ap - pearance of specific genetic material in american populations . they then assume a common ancestor and calculate the number of millennia by positing a uniform mutation rate for mtdna . the material and theories they work with force this definition of migration on them . all this says nothing about the situation "" on the ground . "" in reality though , each of these genetic migrations can have included many distinct movements of people across beringia over a great many years - - perhaps centuries or even millennia . and they may have represented many ling - guistic groups . all that is required in order for entire clusters of migrations "" on the ground "" to get read as a single mtdna "" migration "" is a relatively homogeneous gene pool in eastern siberia over the particular time span when the "" genetic mutation "" occurred . the evidence does indeed suggest four genetic migrations , but it really says little or nothing about how many "" real "" migrations there were with - in each of the four clusters , nor does it say anything about linguistic diversity - - much less "" subgroups of amerind . "" we may wish it did , but it does n't . i do note with interest however the rough correlation between the geneticists ' oldest figures and the calculations of nichols ( 1990 in language 66 . 3 ) based on linguistic diversity in the western hemisphere . the more recent sets of mtdna dates fall within the esta - blished archaeological ballpark for clovis believers , although the earliest set certainly does not . one very short contribution of my own here - - mostly my wife 's actually , since she is a molecular geneticist and we talk about these things over breakfast . the yardstick used by mtdna geneticists in these cal - culations may not be appreciably better than that used in glottochrono - logy , i . e . , genetic mutation takes place at a rate which is only rela - tively constant . it can be speeded up by various singular events from cosmic ray bombardment to ingesting certain fungi infecting the grain from your cache pit . biologists try to allow for this sort of thing , but as you can see from the plus / minus dates for each cluster , we are not talking about something as precise as dendrochronology or even radiocarbon dating . the mtdna studies are very interesting but we must bear in mind their limitations and special use of the term "" migration "" . lastly , in an earlier posting andy mentions that i had examined green - berg 's notebooks and determined how he had mislabeled so much of his siouan data in lia . andy 's description of the way the notebooks are laid out is correct , but i have only actually seen xeroxes of the pages of siouan entries , not the notebooks themselves . i might add that the siouan entries in the notebook are hard by the iroquoian , caddoan , yuchi entries demonstrating once again that greenberg had decided on the final classification of these families when he laid out his notebook design and before the vocabularies from the languages were entered . my thanks to john koontz for posting this . sincerely , bob rankin ( university of kansas ) ( rankin @ ukanvm . cc . ukans . edu )
",0
960,"Subject: genetic classification
 
 i wish to make some comments on an issue that recent discussion of nostratic and the problem of "" demonstrating "" distant genetic relationships has skirted around that i believe underlies some of the issues that various people have been directly addressing . an assumption that seems to underly much of the discussion is that hypotheses regarding genetic relationships are not interesting unless they can be proven to be true . i find this a rather odd assumption , and one that does not seem to be made about any other kinds of hypotheses in linguistics ( or anywhere else in science as far as i know ) . and let us set aside for the sake of argument the oft-noted point that the notion of proof is not really applicable to empirical hypotheses , and assume that the term is to be used loosely for some arbitrary high level of certainty . it seems fair to say that there is a fairly widespread disinterest in hypotheses like the nostratic hypothesis because it is widely believed ( and i will assume it is true here for the sake of argument ) that the available evidence for nostratic falls short of this imaginary level of certainty which deserves the label "" proven "" . a common type of reaction to unproven hypotheses is that it has not been demonstrated that the observed similarities might not be due to chance and / or borrowing . but suppose that someone were to take the same attitude towards comparative reconstruction of protolanguages . suppose that someone were to object to comparative reconstruction of anything but very shallow groups on the grounds that one can never prove that the reconstructions are correct . just as one can object to certain claims of genetic relationships on the grounds that one cannot conclusively eliminate the possibility that the observed similarities might be due to accident and / or borrowing , one could equally well object to virtually all hypotheses surrounding comparative reconstruction on the grounds that one cannot conclusively eliminate alternative possibilities . the comparative method is a way to come up with the best guess one can make about a protolanguage ; it never provides proof that the reconstruction is in fact correct . so why bother doing it ? the answer should be obvious : hypotheses which represent our best guesses at any point in time are what much of science is about . by why do so many linguists seem to object to applying the same way of thinking to hypotheses about genetic relationships ? why is it that many historical linguists find the hypotheses like the nostratic hypothesis either laughable or upsetting ? why do n't they react the same way to comparative reconstructions , since they also are "" unproven "" ? why do n't they rush out and read everything they can find on nostratic and conclude "" the evidence is tantalizing but not conclusive ; it 's a really exciting hypothesis "" ? why is there such a double standard ? i want to suggest an answer to this question , an answer which , if right , provides insight into the nature of many debates surrounding controversial hypotheses of genetic relationship . namely , some people find questions of genetic classification intrinsically interesting , quite apart from any detailed historical work that plays a role in supporting hypotheses . other people , however , are primarily interested in the detailed historical work itself , and do not find questions of genetic classification intrinsically interesting , but only interesting in so far as they are an inevitable consequence of historical work . people of the first sort are more likely to find recent work reclassifying penutian languages exciting , while people of the latter sort are unlikely to react that way , unless they are penutian specialists . as one moves back in time , the ability to apply the comparative method becomes increasingly difficult , and detailed historical work becomes increasingly speculative ( and to many historical linguists , dissatisfying ) . but at any time depth , we can always be much more confident of the genetic classification than we can of any comparative reconstructions . our confidence in indo - european as a language family is surely greater than our confidence in any specific claims about proto - indo - european . but as we move further back in time , we should expect there to be hypotheses that we cannot be entirely confident of , but for which there is at least some promising evidence , where any comparative reconstruction is going to be sufficiently speculative as to not be satisfying to linguists interested in traditional comparative work . and since these linguists are not interested in genetic classification except as a biproduct of detailed historical work , such linguists are likely to find the hypotheses uninteresting . on the other hand , for linguists who find questions of genetic classification inherently interesting , the fact that detailed historical work may not be possible is irrelevant , and the fact that the hypothesis is unproven or unprovable may be no more a source of concern than the fact comparative reconstructions are always unproven and unprovable . if this view is correct , much of the debate surrounding controversial hypotheses in genetic classification is based , not on substantive questions , but simply on what sorts of questions different people find interesting . matthew dryer
",0
961,"Subject: re : 6 . 06 greenberg ( again . . . sigh )
 
 ) 3 ) ) date : thu , 22 dec 1994 21 : 02 - 0500 ( est ) ) from : mike _ maxwell @ sil . org ) subject : evidence against greenberg ? ) ) perhaps the best evidence against greenberg 's hypothesis would be to show ) that his methods , when applied * in the same way * to randomly chosen samples ) of languages of the earth ( including some amerindian languages ) , group them ) in the same way and with the same degree of ( un ) certainty as those methods ) group amerindian languages ( less the athabaskan languages ) together . ( i ) put the stars around "" in the same way "" because one can easily distort ) someone else 's methods . ) as i understand it , some people have tried ) applying greenberg 's method to one amerindian language and one other ) language ( finnish was one such , i believe ) , but i have never heard of a ) large-scale comparison being done in this way . ( and i believe greenberg ) says his method is best used for mass comparison , not one-on - one . ) ) here we go again . some bean counter some day will tot up the number of times "" greenberg "" occurs here and will rate the corresponding work as "" highly influential "" . never mind . there is no difference between mass comparison and pair comparison . when you engage in mass comparison you carry out a large number of pair comparisons . the greater the number of comparisons , the more chances you have of finding cognates . . and chance resemblances . take two dice and roll them . how often will they show the same score ? take a bagful of them and empty it onto the floor . matches galore . but that does not matter . we ' ve had recently a long , long , exchange on the comparative method , in which alexis manaster ramer made a point - - which he seemed to believe as important - - that no language had been found to retain less than 86 % of some sample wordlist ( swadesh 's 100 ? does n't matter as you shall soon see ) per thousand years . the claim is false , but never mind , i ' ll grant it as true . i ' ll even grant you 90 % retention . america , they say , was populated 18 , 000 years ago . well , not so , evidence from brazil now seem to push it back to 50 , 000 bp . but i ' ll grant you 18 , 000 bp . and that everybody since the great crossing was careful not to be linguistically overly innovative , so that there exist at least two maximally distant languages which have retained 90 % of their vocabulary millennium in millenium out . today you could expect to see between them 0 . 9 ^ ( 18 * 2 ) = 0 . 0225 , i . e . 2 . 25 % words in common . on that famous 100 - item highly stable "" basic "" vocabulary . so that 's your proto - amerind reconstituted . now , of course , we have not taken chance resemblances into account . if you remember greenberg sci . am . article and his calculations , he estimates the probability of chance resemblances at 1 in 250 . but he forgets that he allows a bit of metathesis . in fact , if you read carefully ruhlen 's "" on the origin of languages "" complete anagramming , since he list irish "" bligim "" as cognate with his * malk ' a . there are six ways in which you can combine 3 consonants , so that is really one chance of resemblance in 42 ( 250 / 6 = a tad under 42 ) . using their figure , then , how many chance resemblances show you expect to find in a 100 - item wordlist ? 100 / 42 = 2 . 38 . bingo ! more than real cognates after 18 , 000 years with very conservative languages . now , * if * america was really populated 50 , 000 years ago we should see 0 . 9 ^ ( 50 * 2 ) = 0 . 002656 % of your 100 - item list preserved . that 's one word in 37 , 649 . so out of every pair of 100 - item lists you will find , on the average , 1 / 37649 * 100 = 0 . 0027 wrods in common . meaning that you can look forward to examining some 376 pairs before you find one single cognate . but thanks to mass comparison , you are sure to find it . only compare 50 seemingly * unrelated * languages ( because you want to pick maximally distant languages ) . that gives you 50 * ( 50 - 1 ) / 2 = 1225 pairwise comparisons . with a bit of luck , that will give 3 or 4 cognates , each attested by 2 or 3 languages . . . . and stacks of spurious resemblances , each attested by far many more languages than your true cognates . perhaps america was not populated 50 , 000 years ago . but australia was at least 40 , 000 bp . that does not prevent some from reconstructing proto - australian . and trying to link it to indo - european . enough fun with figures . why do n't you try to * simulate * a paltry 30 , 000 years worth of evolution of 30 languages each represented by 100 words , with a one-in - 250 ( see how generous i am ) chance of resemblances ? ( warning : advertisement follows ) download glotto02 . zip from from directory / pc / linguistics at garbo . uwasa . fi , unzip it , read the documentation about programs glotsim , glottree do it , and see . ( de toutes facons , autant souffler dans un violon . c ' est tellement plus rigolo d ' aller s ' imaginer qu ' on peut demeler le passe perdu dans la nuit des temps ) . j . guy @ trl . oz . au
",0
962,"Subject: literary texts on cd
 
 can anyone tell me about the uk availability of literary texts such as tess of the d ' urbervilles in particular , on cd and therefore usable for corpus stylistics ? thankyou john wheat ; ley univ of aveiro portugal
",0
963,"Subject: gmt
 
 does anyone out there know of the whereabouts of jane roscoe mcbrearty , a linguist who gave an interesting paper ( "" why child phonology can never be deviant "" ) at the child language seminar in york ( uk ) in 1987 ? i would like to contact her if poss . thank you ! clare . gallaway @ man . ac . uk centre for audiology , education of the deaf and speech pathology university of manchester
",0
964,"Subject: maya / mayan language
 
 i ' m looking for information on the maya / mayan language : descriptive as well as historical . references are also needed . thank you . kalaya tingsabadh department of linguistics faculty of arts chulalongkorn university bangkok 10330 , thailand kalaya @ chulkn . car . chula . ac . th
",0
965,"Subject: qs
 
 re phonetics lab for mac or pc we would like to know what the market is for phonetics labs for the macintosh . we have an old fashioned lab with sonagraph , pitch meter and other acoustic instruments , but would like to get more up-to - date equipment . in particular we would like to hear from researchers who have used soundscope or other programs . in our faculty we mostly use macs , but if any of you know of an excellent pc - program we would like to know about it . thanks . kirsten gregersen department of applied linguistics odense university , denmark e-mail : kgr @ language . ou . dk kirsten gregersen institut for sprog og kommunikation , odense universitet , campusvej 55 , 5230 odense m tlf . : 6615 8600 , lokal 3409 , direkte valg : 6615 8696 - 3409 e - mail : kgr @ language . ou . dk , telefax : 6593 2483
",0
966,"Subject: voyeur de tons
 
 could someone tell me what relatively cheap software for mac to use to see the tonal melodies ( or convert frequencies in curves ) in tone languages ? thanks .
",0
967,"Subject: recommendations on ling . font set for mac ?
 
 i am looking for recommendations on a linguistic font set for the macintosh . ideally i would like one that is not bitmapped , if such a thing exists . germanic characters are also a requirement . please e-mail me with any recommendations , as well as info on where to purchase the fonts . thanks ! lee forester forester @ smaug . cs . hope . edu
",0
968,"Subject: sexism and language
 
 re lydie e . meunier 's latest , i did not mean to say that i consider oppression of any kind to be of no importance , but merely that in studying linguistic usages it is of no importance ( or at least less importance , ok ? ) what the real situation re oppression and the like is than what people perceive it to be . if ( as some seem to believe ) there is no oppression of women by men , i meant to say , that would not be what we would want to know in order to explain sexist language , so long as people believe that men are better , stronger , or whatever , so long as people believe that men are and deserve to be dominant and / or more prominent in public life , etc . because even if these things were not true ( although i think by large they obviously are ) , so long as people believe they are ( and certainly all cultures i am familiar with do ) , then that would suffice to explain sexist language . in the same way , we as linguists need not discuss the existence of god in order to be able to say that certain linguistic usages seem to be derived from such a belief . so , yes , i do believe women have been and continue to be oppressed in various ways , i am astounded that there are people who would deny it , but i also would say that in order to explain sexist language , that is not what we need to discuss . alexis manaster ramer
",0
969,"Subject: re : 6 . 1100 , disc : uniformitarianism , re : 1086 ; sex / lang
 
 dick hudson 's observations on us use of 's on ' but not 'd aughter ' as a vocative are very thought-provoking , but i am not sure that it is fair to attribute this to "" sons "" being "" treated like senior relatives "" . for one thing , we do n't normally use ' brother ' in this way any more than we do 'd aughter ' , and it is hard to imagine a natural class comprising senior relatives and 's on ' but excluding ' brother ' . for another , there seem to me to be differences here . if i am not imagining a distinction that is not there , it seems to me that the senior relative terms are used in a wider variety of contexts , e . g . , calling out from a distance to get someone 's attention , and hence at the beginning of an utterance , whereas 's on ' seems more natural in utterances like ' yes , son ' , ' hand me that , son ' than in ones like ' son ! ' or ' son , help me ! ' ( although perhaps these latter ones are not completely impossible ) . alexis mr
",0
970,"Subject: job opportunity at celex , the netherlands
 
 job opportunity at celex : german database development - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - thanks to a grant given by the board of the council for the humanities , one of the councils functioning within the netherlands organization for scientific research ( nwo ) , celex , the dutch centre for lexical information , invites applications for the position of one full-time researcher to expand and enhance the german lexical database for the fixed period of one year . tasks - - - - within the framework of a long-term lexical database research and development project , celex has been compiling and updating massive structured collections of numerous word features for dutch , english and german for the past ten years . celex has been jointly established and managed by the university of nijmegen , the institute for perception research ( ipo ) in eindhoven , the institute for dutch lexicology ( inl ) in leiden , and the max planck institute for psycholinguistics ( mpi ) in nijmegen . it is located at the mpi , which is formally entrusted with its day-to - day administration . a grant recently awarded by nwo enables us to appoint one extra computational linguist for a period of one year on a full-time basis . the future employee 's tasks will focus on enhancing and expanding the german lexical database . they include : - adding frequent words and neologisms to the german database from the text corpus supplied by the institut fuer deutsche sprache in mannheim , and possibly other , more recent or more extensive corpora . - expanding these words to their full inflectional paradigm and encoding their orthographic , morphological , phonological and syntactic features . - disambiguating the frequencies of all homographic wordforms ( approx . 12 , 000 existing and new entries ) on the basis of their context in the mannheim corpus or other corpora . this task will be carried out in collaboration with two student assistants . - evaluating and , where necessary , revising the verbal argument structures listed in the current database on the basis of scholarly publications , corpus research and dictionary labels . requirements - - - - - - - - - - - applicants should ideally have a master 's degree in german with advanced computational skills , or have mixed but solid qualifications in german and computational linguistics . native speakers of german with a training in general and computational linguistics are also invited to apply . employment conditions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - employment will be on a temporary basis , for a period of one year . although the grant is restricted to this period , the appointment may be extended depending on the provision of additional funding from the dutch government , european councils or any other relevant bodies . no further commitment on our part or claims on the part of the applicant can be derived from this statement , however . the salary will be on the scale of 10 ( approx . dfl . 4 , 000 = ( us $ 2 , 500 ) to 6 , 000 , = ( us $ 3 , 750 ) before tax per month ) for junior researchers , according to qualifications and relevant experience . enquiries - - - - - - - - further enquiries can be made to : richard piepenbrock celex project manager max planck institute for psycholinguistics wundtlaan 1 6525 xd nijmegen the netherlands tel : ( + 31 ) ( 0 ) 80 - 615797 fax : ( + 31 ) ( 0 ) 80 - 521213 > from 10-10 - 1995 : tel : ( + 31 ) ( 0 ) 24 - 3615797 fax : ( + 31 ) ( 0 ) 24 - 3521213 e - mail : celex @ mpi . nl more information on celex ( though not on the job ) can be found on our www - homepage at url http : / / www . kun . nl / celex method of application - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - letters of application , accompanied by a curriculum vitae and the names and addresses ( also e-mail address , if applicable ) of two referees should be sent by surface mail or e-mail to the above-mentioned addresses . the closing date for applications is september 15 , 1995 . you can expect to be notified of the outcome of your application not later than one month after the closing date .
",0
971,"Subject: sum : urdu materials in us
 
 dear linguists , some months ago i wrote to ask about materials for learning urdu ( audio materials in particular ) . i recieved several helpful responses . sanjaya hettihewa ( sanjaya @ wam . umd . edu ) recommended calling the international language center in washington , d . c . in addition to dictionaries , the center has _ an introduction to hindi and urdu _ for $ 29 . 95 and _ urdu for english speakers _ for $ 14 . 00 . however , no audio tapes are available . you can reach the center at ( 202 ) 332-2894 . greg thomson ( gthomson @ gpu . srv . ualberta . ca ) suggested contacting audio forum at ( 203 ) 225-5400 , which does indeed have audio tapes . a set of nine tapes and the accompanying textbook can be bought for $ 185 plus shipping charges . audio forum also offers a free catalogue . i would like to thank sandy cash ( leon @ gibbs . oit . unc . edu ) and aa khan ( aak2 @ unix . york . ac . uk ) for the further advice they gave . all prices given above are in united states dollars . thank you all ! melia m . e . brush ememb @ alpha . pr1 . k12 . co . us
",0
972,"Subject: re : 6 . 1101 , qs : literary texts on cd , j . roscoe , maya / mayan lg
 
 john wheatley asks for a source for tess of the d ' urbervilles . this text can be downloaded free of charge ( as can several other literary texts ) by anonymous ftp from ota . ox . ac . uk ( the oxford text archive ) . tess is in the sub-directory pub / ota / english / hardy / tess . 1581 ( i think the directory names are case sensitive ) . david
",0
973,"Subject: seeking langacker reference
 
 in a paper by ronald langacker entitled ' the symbolic nature of cognitive grammar : the meaning of _ of _ and of _ of _ - periphrasis ' ( in martin puetz ( ed ) 1992 _ thirty years of linguistic evolution _ . philadelphia : benjamins ) there is a reference to the following : langacker , r . w . [ 1992 ] [ to appear ] . possession and possessive constructions . i have not been able to find this item . can anyone tell me more about it ( such as , for example , has it appeared yet , and if so , where ) ? - dave scarratt davids @ cse . unsw . edu . au
",0
974,"Subject: case systems in use
 
 how many readers have used a case system in a nl application ? we ' re interested in your experiences and the conclusions you drew from them , as well as any details of your particular semantic roles and the nl task . replies by email , please ; we ' ll post a summary to the list . thanks in advance , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ken barker : department of computer science : university of ottawa kbarker @ csi . uottawa . ca : ( 613 ) 562-5800 ext 6728 : ottawa , canada , k1n 6n5
",0
975,"Subject: awali
 
 is there anyone who can tell me which is the language of the following song ( by pierre bensusan ) , and what is the meaning of this text ? awali , aale ' fa nie say aie faali , ai laa-o fane ' oue ' awaali , whode ' - d ' mma doho manoo-ho amaani nemma fid ' n so . awali . ale oma fin ' way amma ma ma ne vo ^ fa wo ^ f ' ma neh s ' t ' beie a fee , o - o-oui la ^ ma-ne ' - sai o ma-meh fa ^ me ^ ness kin 'd ' way e na fane ' o ^ fa tchi ' kengue ' in the complete version of this song , each paragraph is preceded and followed by paragraphs in french . frank van der leeuw university of amsterdam / holland institute of generative linguistics department of linguistics spuistraat 210 1012 vt amsterdam
",0
976,"Subject: job announcement - academia sinica
 
 job announcement institute of history and philology , academia sinica the linguistics division of the institute of history and philology , academia sinica invites applications from citizens of the republic of china for research positions with the possibility toward tenure track posts . the area of specialization is open , but preference will be given to those in the following fields : phonology ( and phonetics ) , semantics , chinese dialect sutdies , and chinese minority languages . applicants already holding a ph . d . will be considered for the position of assistant research fellow ( equivalent to an assistant professor ) ; applicants holding an m . a . only will be considered for the positions of research assistant . these are purely research positions and no teaching is required . the minimum salaries for these positions are nt $ 63 , 215 ( about us $ 2 , 431 ) and nt $ 45 , 110 ( about us $ 1 , 735 ) per month respectively , plus bonuses . applicants should send a vitae , transcripts from graduate school , an abstract of the ma thesis or dissertation ( including the title , chapter by chapter summary , methodology , materials , and main conclusions ) , and three letters of recommendation to dr . chiu - yu tseng , head linguistics division institute of history and philology academia sinica taipei 115 , taiwan roc deadline for receipt of these materials is march 31 , 1995 . those applying will be notified of our preliminary decision around the beginning and may , 1995 ; those notified of preliminary acceptance would then be expected to send complete text of the thesis or dissertation by the end of may , 1995 for evaluation . for more information , applicants should write to the address above or send e-mail to hscyt @ ccvax . sinica . edu . tw
",0
977,"Subject: teaching english in korea
 
 teaching english in korea the language center of the chonnam national university is looking for efl instructors . at present we have twelve full-time instructors : three koreans , one japanese and eight native speakers of english with degrees in tesl . in 1995 we plan to employ three or more english teachers , preferably native speakers of english . we will provide instructors with : 1 . housing on or off campus 2 . settlement allowance of us $ 500 3 . payment of us $ 19 , 000 for 630 teaching hours a year and payment of $ 30 for one additional hour of teaching 4 . health insurance 5 . assistant professorship and additional monthly payment of $ 125 to those with doctoral degree in tesl . we require the following documents : 1 . curriculum vitae 2 . documents for m . a . degree in esl / efl 3 . two letters of recommendation * . interns need recommendations from his / her own institute . each session begins january , march , may , july , september , and november . so you have some flexibility in selecting the time to come all the year round . we are also interested in getting applicants for internship program . interns will be teaching three hours a day ( m - f ) either one or two sessions . we will provide the interns with homestay and round-trip airfare . gyonggu shin , professor of english director , language research center chonnam national university kwangju 500-757 , korea office : 82-62 - 520-7920 fax : 82-62 - 526-5521 email : gshin @ rs6 . chonnam . ac . kr lrc @ rs6 . chonnam . ac . kr
",0
978,"Subject: job posting - apple-iss research center
 
 content - length : 3386 apple-iss research center a us $ 10 million joint venture between apple computer inc . and the institute of systems science of the national university of singapore , located in singapore , is looking for : a senior speech scientist - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the successful candidate will have research expertise in computational linguistics , including natural language processing and * * english * * and * * chinese * * statistical language modeling . knowledge of state-of - the-art corpus-based n - gram language models , cache language models , and part-of - speech language models are required . a text - to - speech project leader - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the successful candidate will have research expertise expertise in two or more of the following areas : computational linguistics , including natural language parsing , lexical database design , and statistical language modeling ; text tokenization and normalization ; prosodic analysis . substantial knowledge of the phonology , syntax , and semantics of chinese is required . knowledge of acoustic phonetics and / or speech signal processing is desirable . both candidates will have a phd with at least 2 to 4 years of relevant work experience , or a technical msc degree with at least 5 to 7 years of experienc e . very strong software engineering skills , including design and implementation , and productization are required in these positions . knowledge of c , c + + and unix are preferred . a unix & c programmer - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - we are looking for an experienced unix & c programmer , preferably with good industry experience , to join us in breaking new frontiers . strong knowledge of unix tools ( compilers , linkers , make , x - windows , e - mac , . . . ) and experience in matlab required . sun and silicon graphic experience is an advantage . programmers with less than two years industry experience need not apply . these positions include interaction with scientists in the national university of singapore , and with apple 's speech research and productization efforts located in cupertino , california . attendance and publication in international scientific / engineering conferences is encouraged . benefits include an internationally competitive salary , housing subsidy , and relocation expenses . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ send a complete resume , enclosing personal particulars , qualifications , experience and contact telephone number to : mr jean - luc lebrun center manager apple - iss research center , institute of systems science heng mui keng terrace , singapore 0511 tel : ( 65 ) 772-6571 fax : ( 65 ) 776-4005 email : jllebrun @ iss . nus . sg
",0
979,"Subject: q ? french aspect
 
 my question arises from olsen 's 1994 diss on tense-aspect . it is standardly assumed that , e . g . , aimait is both past and imperfect * combined * . but i wonder about its synchronic status in spoken french . it seems to me that you have a simple past / nonpast contrast over three constructions : simple stem ; aux "" have "" + participle ; and infinitives with enclitic "" have "" , thus proportionately : aim-e : aim-ait : : a aime ' : av-ait aime ' : : aim-er - a : aim-er - ait if this analysis is correct for french , would it not be better to assume aimait is the "" simple past tense "" ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? why not let the aspect come "" for free "" as a "" default "" interpretation . just musing .
",0
980,"Subject: sapir - whorf
 
 sapir-whorf hypothesis i know linguist had extensive conversation about "" snow , "" etc . , etc . , and the current status of the sapir - whorf hypothesis . i am once again faced with how to teach this material in introductory linguistics ( i use the latest ed . of lg . files , osu , which has a chapter on it ) . my question to the network is this . what sort of conclusion is now appropriate ? i have always stated that no one has disproved whorf 's mild version of ling . relativity ( let 's leave ling . determinism aside , or the stronger version ) . but i have been reading pinker 's the lg . instinct . it is stated therein that whorf was clearly wrong on all counts ( and how could he have been so wrong ! ) . the subject matter of s - w is material which students have always found fascinating . the literature on the hypothesis is now vast . all i want to do is to be fair vis-a - vis ling . in 1995 and present the state of the art of what we know today . i will gladly post a summary for all those who care to write to me of their experiences here , either teaching or researching . respond either to me ( akaye @ fullerton . edu ) or directly to the network , as per your inclination . thank you in advance for your kind assistance . alan kaye linguistics calaifornia state university fullerton , ca 92634
",0
981,"Subject: phrase identification
 
 dept of english , university of louisville , lou ky 40291 phone : 502 / 852-5901 an asian student has said that an american student has flamed him on the university 's e-mail system by calling him a "" vaginer shill "" . has anyone heard of this phrase ? what does it mean ? ( this spelling is exactly that used by the american student . ) karen a . mullen university of louisville internet : kamull01 @ ulkyvm . louisville . edu bitnet : kamull01 @ ulkyvm
",0
982,"Subject: yiddish orthography
 
 is there a standard orthography for yiddish in the roman alphabet ? what would the reference be ? reply to me privately , please . - thanks , charlotte linde
",0
983,"Subject: updates on webpage for slrf 95
 
 if you need information about slrf 95 , how to get to cornell , copies of ithaca and cornell maps , airline and local bus schedules , complete lists of hotels , a preliminary list of paper abstracts , etc . , please visit our web page : http : / / www . dmll . edu / slrf95 . html - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = slrf ' 95 : second language research forum 1995 cornell university september 29 , 30 - october 1 , 1995 e-mail : slrf95 @ cornell . edu fax : ( 607 ) - 255-7491 regular mail : slrf95 morrill 203 cornell university ithaca , ny 14853 usa - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = rafael salaberry 203 morrill hall modern languages cornell university e-mail : mrs4 @ cornell . edu = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
",0
984,"Subject: summary : vowels and sound symbolism
 
 summary : vowels and sound symbolism two weeks ago i circulated a message on the list asking for information on languages with sound-symbolic vowel hierarchies . what prompted this message was a description i came across of the longzhou dialect of the zhuang language spoken in guangxi province in southwestern china * . the language had a vowel hierarchy in following order i < e < a < o < u / w ( unrounded "" u "" ) which is manifest in the verbs , adjectives and measures of the language : the higher up on the hierarchy the vowel , the greater the magnitude or the intensity of the word . for example , ( 1 ) measures 1 . ni : p7 tsi3 ( a small stack of paper ) ne : p7 tsi3 ( a big stack of paper ) 2 . je : m1 kw1 ( a tiny pinch of salt ) ja : m1 kw1 ( a big handful of salt ) 3 . ki : n5 mai4 ( a tiny branch ) kw : n5 mai4 ( a big branch ) ( 2 ) verbs 1 . di : u1 ( to pry using a small tool ) da : u1 ( to pry using a large tool ) 2 . je : t7 ( a small object bouncing ) ja : t7 ( a large object bouncing ) 3 . ve : t7 ( to dig using a small tool ) va : t7 ( to dig using a large tool ) ( 3 ) adjectives 1 . ? e : u3 ( to bend or break ) ? e : u3 bje : p8 bje : p8 ( to break silently ) ? e : u3 bja : p8 bja : p8 ( to break , but slightly louder than the first ) ? e : u3 bjo : p8 bjo : p8 ( to break loudly ) ? e : u3 bju : p8 bju : p8 ( to break very loudly ) 2 . lai1 ( to flow ) lai1 se2 se2 ( to flow softly ) lai1 sa2 sa2 ( to flow , but slightly louder than the first ) lai1 so2 so2 ( to flow loudly ) lai1 su2 su2 ( to flow very loudly ) 3 . hau3 ( the weather being warm ) hau3 je : m5 ( the weather being slightly warm ) hau3 jo : m5 ( the weather being very warm ) hau3 ju : m5 ( the weather being extremely warm ) i asked if there were other languages that had similar mechanisms , and here are the replies . my thanks to jan lindstrom , stephen p . spackman , hiroshi hanara , bruce a . connell , anne gilman , dirk elzinga , and mark huber . * xie , zhiming . 1983 . "" longzhou zhuangyu de yuanyin jiaoti "" ( vowel alternations in the zhuang language of longzhou ) . yuyan yanjiu 5 : 212-218 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the correspondence to your system is by no means discrete , but there are similar vowel hierarchies or ordering in japanese onomatopoeic words that describe natural sound , repetition and number , magnitude , and perceived sizes . generally one can think of a continuum of the sort below , having general attributes as indicated : / i / / e / / a / / o / / u / < - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > small , sharp , light large , blunt , heavy , intense ( / u / is phonetically an unrounded high mid / back vowel ) . i recall a discussion on sound symbolism / onomatopoeia in japanese in _ dictionary of basic japanese grammar _ ( japan times , tokyo , 1987 ? ) by makino , seiichi and tsutsui , michio . the book was intended for learners of japanese but the discussion on onomatopoeia toward the end of the book may still be useful . hiroshi nara associate professor japanese language eall , university of pittsburgh pittsburgh , pa 15260 usa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wasco chinookan evidently has a diminuitive morpheme with several degrees of intensity , varying according to consonant qualities ( there may be two axes , actually ; at least one goes : ejective-voiced - unvoiced - labialized or something - - i do n't have the paper in front of me , pardon factual errors ! ) . this phenomenon also involves vowel alternation . the paper is by michael silverstein and it came out in : title : sound symbolism / edited by leanne hinton , johanna nichols , and john j . ohala . published : cambridge ( england ) ; new york : cambridge university press , 1994 . description : x , 373 p . : ill . ; 24 cm . notes : includes bibliographical references and index . subjects : sound symbolism other authors : hinton , leanne nichols , johanna ohala , john j . isbn : 0521452198 oclc number : 29027865 thought i would toss the idea in the hopper . . . anne gilman ( grad student , ut austin ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i do n't know any parallel examples , but in ibibio you can lengthen the vowel to show increasing duration or repetition of an action . ( it 's actually a bit more complicated than that . ) meanwhile i suggest you check a paper by ohala , ' the ethiological use of pitch ' ( i think ) , which appeared in phonetica in the early ' 80s ( again , i think ) . he has done other work on sound symbolism , including a recent book ( hinton , nichols , ohala , eds ) under that name . actually there are two by ohala , both in phonetica , one in 1983 , one in 1984 . . . in yoruba , rugudu ( hhh ) 's mall and spherical ( as buttocks ) ' vs rogodo ( hhh ) ' large and round ( as yams ) ' . if i understood your posting this fits in your ( i . e . the longzhou ) hierarchy . i came across it in child 's paper in the sound symbolism book , the original source is courtenay ( 1976 ) . nb both these words are ideophones in yoruba and there is no suggestion that these two words reflect a productive process , even among ideophones ( though i suspect no one has seriously checked out the possibility ) . dr . bruce a . connell oxford university . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shoshoni , a uto - aztecan language spoken in the great basin of north america has something like this with demonstratives . there are two sets of prefixes which can be affixed to demonstrative stems ; the first set consists of an [ s ] followed by a vowel and has definite readings , while the second set consists of a bare vowel and has indefinite readings . these are : i ii gloss example si - i - near sit @ n ' this ' se - e - not quite so near set @ n ' this ' sa - a - far , but in sight sat @ n ' that ' su - u - not in sight , far sut @ n ' that ' in addition , there is another prefix which makes no distinction as to proximity , ma - . the forgoing information is taken from a grammatical sketch of shoshoni by the late wick miller , as well as my own field experience with the language . dirk elzinga university of arizona elzinga @ aruba . ccit . arizona . edu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you might want to look at my book for the vector space of vowels . the ordering above is almost a perfect match for a hilbert curve that follows the vowels at the corners of the ordinal vowel cube : hubey , h . m . ( 1994 ) mathematical and computational linguistics , mir domu tvoemu , moscow , russia , isbn 5-87553 - 001 - 4 as in many other scientific fields , particular mathematical fields are used or have been shown via experience to be useful in linguistics and most books on linguistics do n't stray too far from these methods ; i . e . the formal language theory , graph theoretic , or logic . this book covers the area starting from the most basic phonetics / phonemics to morphology , syntax and historical linguistics . almost everything in the book is original and uses mathematics to model the phenomena . what is not original is covered in the appendices . even some original ideas can be found in the appendices . it 's comprehensive and introduces mathematical methods into linguistics in a very strong , natural and non-trivial way including ; differential equations , stochastic differential equations , catastrophe theory , fuzzy mathematics , entropy , various metric spaces , vector spaces for phonemes , orthogonal basis for speech sounds , and a natural orthogonal space for sonority , vowels , and even consonants , time-domain and frequency-domain relationships , dimensional analysis , partial differential equations and permutation matrices et cetera in addition to the usual binary arithmetic , and monoids , groups , rings , karnaugh maps , sets , et cetera . you can find a free copy of the book on my home page at http : / / www . smns . montclair . edu / ~ hubey or directly try ftp ' ing to amiga . montclair . edu the http is a much better way you can get a copy of the table of contents first . regards , mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
",0
985,"Subject: the ldc united nations corpus
 
 in linguist 6 . 973 and a parallel query to the corpora list , rapahel salkie asked some questions about the un parallel corpus from the linguistic data consortium ( ldc ) . before these queries appeared , a response to an earlier query from dr . salkie had already gone out privately from rebecca finch . i certainly urge anyone with experience in using the un corpus to respond to dr . salkie as well . we have also placed a sample of 24 ( out of 21 , 000 ) parallel documents , each in english , french and spanish , in : ftp : / / ftp . cis . upenn . edu / pub / ldc / data _ samples / un _ par _ sample . tar . z these samples should also be accessible , along with quite a bit of other ldc information , from the www page at url http : / / www . cis . upenn . edu / ~ ldc let me add a few words about ldc prices and costs , since dr . salkie 's message expressed the normal human annoyance at being asked to part with money , both in the case of the un corpus and another ( not yet published ) ldc parallel text corpus , the canadian hansard . the ldc membership fee for a university is $ 2 , 000 , and for this fee everyone at that university can get an unlimited and perpetual research license for everything that the ldc publishes during the year of membership . thus you can join the other ninety current members of the corsortium and get not only the forthcoming hansard corpus , but also the other twenty or so databases published this year . for the same amount , a university can get the un corpus and the other 15 databases published in 1994 . whether a particular database , or collection of databases , is worth that amount of money is of course a matter of individual or institutional judgement . we feel that $ 2 , 000 , which is roughly the cost of a moderately configured pc or an international conference trip , is not out of line even for university researchers . speaking for myself , i have a great deal of sympathy for the effort to provide research resources free or at minimal cost , and i have been involved in several successful efforts to bring out such databases over the years , including the acl / dci cd-rom , the eci disk , the celex disk , and others offered in the range of $ 25 - $ 200 . these efforts rely heavily on volunteer labor and other donated resources ; in several cases they have also relied on cash donations from the ldc . however , volunteer labor is rarely available in the needed quantities ; and of course ldc - supplied cash , as well as the existence of the ldc as an organization , depends on income from somewhere . the money that we get from memberships and database sales is a crucial part of the picture - - - without it the ldc would not exist , and neither would either of the databases under discussion . to highlight the point , the history of the u . n . publication is worth reviewing briefly . we decided to try to publish the u . n . archives because translation researchers wanted parallel texts . after concluding several months of negotiations with un representatives and lawyers for both sides , we paid for a nj - based computer consultant to go into the un offices at night so as to make backups of the archives from dismountable disk packs for a long-obsolete wang word processor onto cartridge tapes . this required several months and cost a considerable sum ; we had to use this particular person because he was an authorized service rep for the un facility . then came six person-months of work at the ldc . we had to decode the proprietary and undocumented wang backup format , and the equally proprietary and undocumented wang character set , typographical codes and file structures . we re-organized the entire archive and translated it into wordperfect format , and published a certain number of cd-rom s in this form for the purposes of the un - - - this was part of the agreement that we made with them for access to the data . then we translated the documents into iso-8859 - 1 with sgml markup ( including a working dtd , for those how care ) , and worked out the correspondences among documents . this was far from trivial , since each un language had been entered separately , with no coordination of file names , file dates , or even division of documents into files , and there were tens of thousands of documents per language . this work was mainly done by dave graff , whose salary the ldc pays . we are not likely to recover the costs of acquisition and production of this database through sales and memberships bought for its sake . we subsidize our members by cost-sharing with government grants , or by using income from more popular or less expensive databases to cover unrecovered costs of less popular or more expensive ones . in the case of the forthcoming hansard corpus , which dr . salkie also mentioned , the cost of acquisition and publication has been similar to that of the u . n . material , and the same remarks about subsidies apply . whether a particular database is worth a certain price is a matter of individual taste , but as a matter of simple arithmetic , the fees charged in these two cases are unlikely ever to cover the costs incurred . for those who have read this far , i would like to repeat a standing offer that has been in existence since the beginning of the ldc . if you are interested in cd-rom publication of a language-related database that is plausibly of interest to our membership , and this database is reasonably close to being in shape to publish , we will pay the costs of production , using your label design or one worked out with you ; we will give you up to a hundred copies to do with as you see fit ; we will put the item in our catalogue at whatever price you choose ; and we will remit to you any resulting income in excess of our production costs . the copyright ( if any ) will remain with you , and we will handle any user license arrangements that may be necessary , sending the signed licenses to you . we have published several databases on this basis , and are planning to publish several others , although ( from past experience ) the chances of making back our production costs are no better than even . best wishes , mark liberman myl @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu 619 williams hall university of pennsylvania phone : 215-898 - 0141 philadelphia , pa 19104-6305 fax : 215-573 - 2175
",0
986,"Subject: announcment ( from j . e . flege )
 
 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ post-doctoral fellowships available _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the department of biocommunication , university of alabama at birmingham , in conjunction with grants from the national institutes of health , announces two ( 2 ) post - doctoral fellowships . the fellows will work closely with the pi , james emil flege , ph . d . , to meet the objectives of nih grants which seek to better under - stand the evolution over the lifespan of the ability to learn speech and language . experiments using a wide range of techniques and paradigms will examine the acquisition of a second language ( usually english ) by native speakers of italian , korean , japanese , or spanish . the second-language ( l2 ) learners will differ according to the age at which l2 learning commenced , years of use of the l2 , proficiency in the l2 , or bilingual balance . one position involves research that focuses on segmental production and perception . the second position involves research focusing on differences in the acquisition of phonetic / phonological and morphosyntactic structures in the l2 . requirements : a ph . d . ( or equivalent degree ) in a discipline relevant to the research ( e . g . , experimental phonetics , exper - imental or developmental psychology , cognitive science , speech science , linguistics , esl ) . neither us citizenship nor permanent resident status is required . salary : $ 22 , 000 to $ 35 , 000 per year , depending on number of years of post-doctoral experience . health insurance , incidental expenses , and a travel allowance will also be provided . ( these non-faculty positions do not involve a payback agreement with nih . ) earliest available date : january 1 , 1996 . appointments will be for one year , with renewals possible . e - mail inquiries : flegeje @ biocom1 . bioc . uab . edu to apply : please send a cover letter , resume , writing samples ( articles , or a portion of your dissertation ) , and the names of references to : james emil flege , ph . d . department of biocommunication university of alabama at birmingham vh 503 birmingham , al 35294-0019 uab is an affirmative action / equal opportunity employer . applications from members of minority groups and women are encouraged . sincerely yours , james emil flege , ph . d . professor department of biocommunication uab schools of medicine & dentistry box 503 , uab station birmingham , al 35294-0019 flegeje @ biocom1 . bioc . uab . edu tel : ( 205 ) 934-3644 fax : ( 205 ) 934-7420
",0
987,"Subject: studies on sla of hungarian ?
 
 i am currently writing a phd on the second language acquisition of hungarian by native speakers of english , with particular reference to their ability to acquire the unique focus feature in hungarian . since i am not aware of any other existing or on-going study , i would like to know whether there is anybody else out there doing any relevant work on the topic of hungarian as a l2 who would like to share their ideas with me . if there is sufficient interest , i ' ll post a summary to the list . szilvia papp spapp @ festival . ed . ac . uk university of edinburgh department of applied linguistics 14 buccleuch place edinburgh eh8 9ln scotland - u . k .
",0
988,"Subject: re : help with spanish translation
 
 i am translating a paper of mine into spanish for submission to the upcoming international conference on activity theory ( vygotsky ) to be held in havana . while i am an experienced english / spanish translator , my knowledge of spanish ed / psych terminology is very limited . if anyone is able to help me with any of the following "" demons "" i 'd really appreciate it . thanks , pete farruggio * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * research - ( as in "" the research has shown . . . "" [ i think this is called a collective noun ] i ' ve been using "" las investigaciones "" any better ideas ? developmentalism - "" desarollismo "" ? sequenced skills - "" destrezas consecuentes "" ? sight vocabulario - "" vocabulario automatico "" ? curriculum - "" curriculum "" ? ( there are some instances where i need it as an adjective , as in "" curriculum guidelines "" ) child-centered - ( adjective ) . . . a child-centered classroom - "" un salon organizado segun los intereses juveniles "" ? ? ? tutee - "" tutelado "" ? tutoring - ( adj ) as in "" tutoring activity "" . . . "" actividad tutoreal "" ? partnerships - as in "" class partnerships "" - "" emparejamientos entre clases "" ? dyad - "" el diada "" , "" la diada "" or - - - ? dyad - ( adj ) as in "" dyad activity "" - "" actividad diadica [ ' on first a ] "" ?
",0
989,"Subject: looking for horn 's negation book
 
 i need to find a copy of laurence horn 's ( 1989 ) book entitled _ a natural history of negation _ ( univ . of chicago press ) . the publisher tells me that the paperback edition went out of print in february 1995 and the hard cover edition before that . if anyone can tell me where to find a copy of the book for sale , i 'd appreciate it tremendously . i ' m willing to buy new or used , hard cover or paperback . ( the book is essential for my thesis . ) thank you for any assitance . please respond to : michael beard 73131 . 3101 @ compuserve . com
",0
990,"Subject: call for papers
 
 call for papers session on spanish or portuguese theoretical or applied linguistics 7th biennial northeast regional meeting american association of teachers of spanish and portuguese university of massachusetts at amherst , 20-21 september 1996 papers in spanish , portuguese , or english ; title must be in language that will be used for reading ; 20 minutes maximum reading time . send three copies of the abstract ( do not exceed one page ) , by 20 november 1995 , to : juan c . zamora spanish and portuguese university of massachusetts amherst , ma 01003 e - mail zamora @ spanport . umass . edu if interested in organizing a session ( maximum three 20 - minute papers ) on a specific subject of spanish and portuguese theoretical or applied linguistics contact juan c . zamora no later than 1 october 1995 , at the above addresses .
",0
991,"Subject: chinese romanization : gwoyeu romatzyh
 
 there is a web page explaining the rules of gwoyeu romatzyh , the system of chinese romanization devised by y . r . chao that features tonal spelling . the url for this page is http : / / weber . u . washington . edu / ~ yuenren / romatzyh . html david prager branner , yuen ren society asian l&l , do-21 , university of washington seattle , wa 98195 usa < charmii @ u . washington . edu > web : http : / / weber . u . washington . edu / ~ yuenren / circular . html
",0
992,"Subject: efl position in israel
 
 i have been asked to post this job advertisement . please respond to the address in the ad . center for technological education affiliated with tel - aviv university the center for technological education in holon is in the process of establishing an english as a foreign language unit . the unit will provide the required english courses for all students of the center . it will be associated with the faculty of social sciences . we are currently looking to fill the position of head of this unit . the position carries a teaching load of twelve hours per semester as well as responsibility for the academic , professional and organizational aspects of the unit . in addition , scholarly activity and participation in the academic life of the faculty of the social sciences is expected . candidates should have a masters degree in a relevant domain as well as several years of teaching english as a foreign language at one of the universities in israel . scholarly activity , publications and organizational experience are also desirable . the initial appointment will most likely be at the level of ' moreh ' on the parallel academic track . interested candidates should send their cv , list of publications , and other relevant material to the efl search committee , c / o dalia man , center for technological education , p . o . box 305 , holon 58102 , israel . the process of selection will continue until the position is filled .
",0
993,"Subject: job : english in keio univ ( 2nd posting )
 
 faculty position , keio university keio university 's faculty of science and technology wishes to announce the opening of a full-time position in english and related areas , beginning in april , 1996 . applicants should be native or near-native speakers of japanese , have graduated from a japanese university in english or a closely related field , have completed at least the course work for a doctoral degree in the humanities or social sciences , and have at least three years in research and teaching experience . the successful candidate will be appointed at the rank of tenured assistant professor ( shennin koushi ) . required documents to be submitted : 1 . curriculum vitae , according to the japanese style and format , with one photograph 2 . a list of research papers 3 . three sample publications , one of each , either originals or copies 4 . a description of the candidate 's future research plans ( approximately two a - 4 pages ) 5 . a statement of the candidate 's views regarding university english education ( approximately one a - 4 page ) deadline september 9 , 1995 ( the post cancellation mark will serve as validation . ) selection process candidates who pass the initial screening process will be invited of an interview ( travel and lodging will be at the applicant 's expense ) . direct notification of the date and other details will be subsequently provided . address to which applications and accompanying documents are to be sent : hiyoshi kyoumuka ( rikougakubu ) keio university 4 - 1 - 1 hiyoshi kouhoku - ku , yokohama 223 japan note 1 . applications and accompanying documents should be sent by registered mail , with a notice in red ink , preferably in japanese , noting their contents . 2 . applicants should be aware that the submitted materials cannot be returned . 3 . should you have any questions , please contact professor keiji nakano ( e - mail : a01057 @ cc . hc . keio . ac . jp ) .
",0
994,"Subject: icslp 96
 
 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = iiii ccccc sssss ll pppppp 999999 666666 ii cc cc ss ss ll pp pp 99 99 66 66 ii cc ss ll pp pp 99 99 66 ii cc sssssss ll pppppp 9999999 6666666 ii cc ss ll pp 99 66 66 ii cc cc ss ss ll pp 99 99 66 66 iiii ccccc sssss lllllll pp 999999 666666 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = fourth international conference on spoken language processing * * * * * * october 3 - 6 , 1996 wyndham franklin plaza hotel philadelphia , pa , usa * * * * * * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ icslp 96 organizers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ h . timothy bunnell , chair richard a . foulds , vice - chair applied science & engineering laboratories wilmington , de , usa * * * * * * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ icslp _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ icslp unites researchers , developers , and clinicians for an exchange on a wide variety of topics related to the spoken language processing of humans and machines . conference presentations range from basic acoustic phonetic research to clinically oriented speech training devices to speech-based natural language interfaces for man-machine interaction . icslp 96 will feature technical sessions of both oral and poster format , plenary talks , commercial exhibits , and daily special sessions . in addition , satellite workshops will be held in conjunction with the conference in the areas of interactive voice technology , spoken dialogue , speech databases and speech i / o , and gestures and speech . a new emphasis for icslp 96 will be on the clinical applications of speech technology , including the use of speech technology based applications for persons with disabilities . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conference update _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 / 10 / 95 dates to note : january 15 , 1996 - paper abstracts due for review march 15 , 1996 - acceptance notification may 1 , 1996 - deadline for papers ( camera-ready , 4 pages ) prospective authors are invited to submit papers relevant to spoken language processing in any of the conference technical areas . abstracts of proposed papers must be received by the icslp 96 organizing committee no later than january 15 , 1996 . papers will be selected by the icslp 96 technical program committee and assigned for presentation in poster or oral format . english is the working language for the conference . submission of an abstract implies a commitment to submit a four page , camera-ready version of the paper and to present the paper in either an oral or poster session if the abstract is accepted . participants will be expected to pay their own registration fees , travel , and accommodations for icslp 96 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ submission of abstracts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ abstracts must be received by the icslp 96 organizing committee no later than january 15 , 1996 . abstracts may be submitted either by post or by e-mail following these guidelines : + one page , 400 word maximum + technical area ( s ) indicated in order of preference using the codes ( a - x ) below . + title of the proposed paper clearly indicated + preference for paper or poster clearly indicated + if sent by post , submit four ( 4 ) copies of the abstract + if sent by e-mail , use plain text ( ascii ) format only each abstract must also include the following contact information : + author name ( s ) * + postal mailing address + phone number + fax number + e - mail address e - mailed abstracts will be acknowledged by e-mail within 48 hours of submission . if you do not receive e-mail confirmation , we have not received your abstract ! please check the e-mail address and resubmit . please do not e-mail multiple copies for any other reason . * please be sure that the primary contact person is noted if it is someone other than the first author . mail or send abstracts to : icslp 96 applied science & engineering laboratories a . i . dupont institute p . o . box 269 wilmington , de 19899 e - mail : icslp - abstract @ asel . udel . edu _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ technical areas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a . production of spoken language b . perception of spoken language c . robust speech modeling and speech enhancement d . speech coding and transmission e . automatic speech recognition f . spoken language processing for special populations g . phonetics and phonology h . spoken discourse analysis / synthesis i . synthesis of spoken language j . applications for people with speech / language / hearing disorders k . databases and standards for speech technology l . prosody of spoken language m . speech analysis and parameterization n . spoken language acquisition / learning o . integrating spoken language and natural language processing p . hardware for speech processing q . neural networks and stochastic modeling of spoken language r . dialects and speaking styles s . instructional technology for spoken language t . speaker / language identification and verification u . human factors and assessment in spoken language applications v . spoken language dialogue and conversation w . gesture and multimodal spoken language processing x . other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ satellite workshops _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the following satellite workshops will be held immediately before or after the icslp 96 conference . 1 . ivtta - the 3rd ieee workshop on interactive voice technology for telecommunications applications ( ivtta ) will be held at the at&t learning center , basking ridge , new jersey , from september 30 - october 1 , 1996 . the ivtta workshop brings together applications researchers planning to conduct or who have recently conducted field trials of new applications of speech technologies . due to workshop facility constraints , attendance will be limited primarily to contributors . for further information about the workshop , contact : dr . murray spiegel bellcore 445 south street morristown , nj , usa e-mail : spiegel @ bellcore . com phone : 1-201 - 829-4519 ; fax : 1-201 - 829-5963 submit abstracts ( 400 words , maximum 1 page ) before april 1 , 1996 to : dr . david roe ieee ivtta ` 96 at&t bell laboratories , room 2d-533 murray hill , nj 07974 e-mail : roe @ hogpb . att . com phone : 908 582-2548 ; fax : 908 582-3306 2 . issd-96 the 1996 international symposium on spoken dialogue ( issd-96 ) will be held on october 2 and 3 at the venue of icslp 96 . it is intended to be a forum of interdisciplinary exchange between researchers working on spoken dialogues from various points of view . the first day is devoted to invited lectures followed by sessions of both invited and contributed papers , which will be continued on the second day as special sessions of icslp 96 . papers submitted to icslp 96 ( technical areas h , l , o , u , &v ) may be selected for presentation at the symposium . for further information about the symposium , contact : prof . hiroya fujisaki , chairman , issd-96 dept . of applied electronics science university of tokyo 2641 yamazaki , noda , 278 japan e-mail : fujisaki @ te . noda . sut . ad . jp phone : + 81-471 - 23-4327 ; fax : + 81-471 - 22-9195 3 . cocosda workshop 96 cocosda workshop 96 will be held on monday , october 7 at the wyndham franklin plaza hotel . the international coordinating committee on speech databases and speech i / o systems assessment ( cocosda ) has been established to promote international cooperation in the fundamental areas of spoken language engineering . previous meetings have taken place in banff 1992 , berlin 1993 , yokohama 1994 and madrid 1995 . program and registration information for cocosda 96 will be forthcoming in later announcements . for more information about cocosda , consult the web page at http : / / www . itl . atr . co . jp / cocosda . 4 . workshop on gesture and speech the applied science and engineering laboratories of the university of delaware will host a workshop on multimodal use of gesture and speech october 7 - 8 , 1996 . this workshop will consider the integration of gesture and spoken language in intelligent human / computer interfaces , in advanced assisitve technology for individuals with disabilities , in telemanipulation and robotics systems , and in human conversation . gestures including hand postures , dynamic arm movements , facial expression , and eye gaze will be considered along with more traditional lip shapes and handwriting movements . for further information , contact : dr . lynn messing a . i . dupont institute p . o . box 269 wilmington , de 19899 e-mail : messing @ asel . udel . edu phone : + 1 302 651 6830 ; fax : + 1-302 - 651-6895 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sponsoring and cooperating organizations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the acoustical society of america american speech and hearing association ( pending ) the acoustical society of japan canadian acoustical association european speech communication association ieee signal processing society international phonetic association others - contact icslp 96 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information , contact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ icslp 96 applied science & engineering laboratories a . i . dupont institute p . o . box 269 wilmington , de 19899 phone : + 1 302 651 6830 tdd : + 1 302 651 6834 fax : + 1 302 651 6895 email : icslp96 @ asel . udel . edu www : http : / / www . asel . udel . edu / speech / icslp . html ftp : zeppo . asel . udel . edu : pub / icslp a two-page postscript format copy of the most recent conference announcement and call for papers can also be obtained by anonyomus ftp . connect to host zeppo . asel . udel . edu , cd to directory pub / icslp96 , and get call . ps . z in binary mode . the file must be uncompressed with a unix compatable uncompress program before being printed . this plain text version of the announcement is located in the same directory as file call . txt _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ international advisory board _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hiroya fujisaki science university of tokyo tokyo , japan jens blauert john ohala ruhr - universitat bochum university of california bochum , germany berkeley , ca , usa anne cutler lawrence rabiner max planck institute for at&t bell labs psycholinguistics murray hill , nj , usa nijmegen , the netherlands gunnar fant katsuhiko shirai royal institute of technology ( kth ) waseda university stockholm , sweden tokyo , japan john laver kenneth stevens humanities research board of massachusetts institute the british academy of technology edinburgh , scotland cambridge , ma , usa joseph mariani yoh ' ichi tohkura limsi-cnrs atr human information orsay , france processing research lab kyoto , japan j . bruce millar victor zue australian national university massachusetts institute canberra , australia of technology cambridge , ma , usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
",0
995,"Subject: email address for w . dressler
 
 colleagues - we are trying to contact wolfgang dressler of vienna via email . does anyone know his address ( we have not been able to find it on the internet so far ) . thanks ! jb lowe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | john b . lowe , ph . d . | sino - tibetan etymological dictionary and | | department of linguistics | thesaurus project ( stedt ) : 510-643 - 9910 | | university of california | comparative bantu online dictionary | | 2337 dwinelle hall | project ( cbold ) : 510-643 - 5623 | | berkeley , ca 94720-2650 | fax : 510-643 - 9911 | | "" tat tvam asi "" | home : : 510-848 - 0651 | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
996,"Subject: query : letter frequencies for text identification
 
 i am posting this inquiry for sergei atamas ( satamas @ umabnet . ab . umd . edu ) , a research associate at the university of maryland at baltimore . his field is molecular biology , and his work involves comparing dna strings using various algorithms . i do n't understand the details well enough to pass them along . at any rate , one such algorithm relies upon frequencies with which the letters g , a , t , and c occur in the dna strings . he would like to explore the analogous use of letter ( sound ) frequencies in natural language texts . hence this posting . specifically , sergei wonders if any linguist subscribers could help steer him to recent literature concerning text identification based on letter frequencies . any suggestions could be sent directly to him at the above address , or to me and i ' ll pass them along . he would also be interested in collaborative work if this research connects with the work of any linguists or text processing specialists . he observes that very often work in one field would actually help work in a far-removed field , if only people knew what was going on over there . george fowler george fowler gfowler @ indiana . edu [ email ] dept . of slavic languages * * 1-317 - 726-1482 [ home ] * * [ try here first ! ] ballantine 502 1-812 - 855-2624 / - 2608 / - 9906 [ dept . ] indiana university 1-812 - 855-2829 [ office ] bloomington , in 47405 usa 1-812 - 855-2107 [ dept . fax ]
",0
997,"Subject: question on audio samples
 
 i am looking for audio samples of english speech spoken by non-native english speakers for some work in speech processing . i saw the posting by l . hiliman dated 8 / 3 / 95 dealing with english dialects . would anyone have any further suggestion regarding where i could find samples of english spoken with a foreign accent ? i will post responses to this query on the linguist list . thanks , monique fargues ece depart . naval postgraduate school monterey , ca 93943 , usa
",0
998,"Subject: q : german linguistic terms
 
 does anybody know the german for hissing fricatives alias sibilants vs . hushing fricatives alias shibilants ? and also the term if any for the hissing-hushing fricatives ( like the polish s-acute , z-acute ) which russians call 's vistjashche-shipjashchie ' and georgian sisin-shishina ? alexis manaster ramer
",0
999,"Subject: query : latin and romance
 
 the following hypothetical question has arisen in connection with what is possibly a real case of the same sort , but in another domain . suppose that latin had only occasionally been written down , and suppose that all latin texts , and indeed all knowledge of latin , had been totally lost long ago , apart perhaps from the odd place name or personal name , now of unknown significance . suppose further that only a single romance language had survived down to the present day - - say , galician , or gascon , or sicilian - - and that this variety had been written down for no more than four centuries and had never acquired any learned words from latin . in fact , to be on the safe side , let 's assume that the entire indo - european family had died out apart from this one romance language . now , suppose that a few fairly substantial latin texts happened to be dug up somewhere , none of them longer than about fifty words , with word-boundaries not systematically marked and the subject matter unknown ; these might have been written down over several centuries , but in no case later than the first century bc . knowing the alphabet , we would be able to read them at the phonological level , at least roughly , but at first the language would be utterly mysterious . so here 's my question . would it be possible for specialists in that last surviving romance language to establish that the recovered texts in fact represented an archaic form of that language , and would they be able to use their knowledge to interpret ( at least in part ) the texts themselves ? if anything turns up , i ' ll summarize the responses and explain what the point of this admittedly curious inquiry is . i ' m sending this query to both the linguist list and the ie list ; my apologies to those who receive it twice . larry trask cogs university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh england larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk
",0
1000,"Subject: summary : borrowings or replacements of ' ear '
 
 some time i posted a query as to whether the term for ' ear ' is ever borrowed , or at least replaced by a neologism : here is a summary of the responses , for all of which i am very grateful and which i will again acknowledge in print , as the occasion presents ( an earlier summary contained other relevant discussion of the same topic ) : benji wald ( ibenawj @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu ) reports that in bantu the near-universal word for "" ear "" has the root * to . however , in sabaki ( kenyan coastal bantu , e . g . , swahili , pokomo , miji kenda ) the word is * sikilo ( e . g . , swahil sikio ) . this is based on the root * sikil "" hear "" ( e . g . swahili sikia ' hear ' ) ; the final - o is a bantu nominaliser . the most widespread bantu word for "" hear "" is not related to * sikil but has the morpheme * gu . thus in most of bantu the roots for "" ear "" and "" hear "" are not related . he also notes that some cushitic languages also derive ' ear ' from ' hear ' , somali deg "" ear "" deg-eyso "" hear "" , and suspects that the sabaki bantu construction for "" ear "" came about through contact , probably from cushitic . * * to this i would add that this also gives an example of replacement within afro - asiatic , of which cushitic is a part , since clearly this word is not related to , for example , the semitic word ( hebrew ozen , etc . ) - - amr * * bruce connell ( connellb @ vax . ox . ac . uk ) reports that , according to wilkins , david ( 1993 ) from part to person : natural tendencies of semantic change and the search for cognates . cognitive anthropology research group , max planck institute for psycholinguistics , working paper no . 23 : a ) semantic shift of ' ear ' to ' head ' is attested in bantu ; languages unspecified , but guthrie ( 1967-71 ) is ultimate source . b ) in dravidian , ' earring ' shifts to ' ear ' ; again languages unspecified , burrow and emaneau ( 1961 ) is ultimate source . i have also independently , i . e . , extra - linguist - ically , found out that laurent sagart argues that bai ( a minority language of china , i believe , whose genetic affiliations are controversial ) borrowed its word for ' ear ' from chinese , but that is not universally accepted . likewise , i have found an article by gregersen which assumes without detailed discussion that the vietnamese word for ' ear ' is borrowed from austronesian ( while this does not appear to be generally accepted either , it presumably at least indicates that the word in question is not a reflex of the mon - khmer prototype , and hence would be a replacement , but i have not yet checked this out ) . finally , i realized what i had been forgetting all along , namely , that many ( or is it all ? ) indo - aryan languages ( from sanskrit on down ) have a word for ' ear ' which is clearly not the indo - european word for ' ear ' , and hence a particularly clear example of a replacement . i thus still do not have an example of ' ear ' being borrowed which could be considered to be established beyond reasonable doubt , and would appreciate any references to such . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = in addition , i omitted the following response from my earlier summary of responses to a more general query about the borrowing of body part terms : h . a . y . wolf @ stud . let . ruu . nl ( henk wolf ) : dutch _ neus _ ( nose ) in west frisian has become an alternative to the native _ noas _ ( see breuker , p . et al ( 1984 ) , foar de taalspegel ; koart oersjoch fan holl ^ anske ynsl ^ upsels yn it frysk , ljouwert : afuk ) .
",0
1001,"Subject: summary : adpositional uses of ' eye '
 
 in response to my query : > in languages where body part terms become adpositions , does > anybody know of examples where ' eye ' gives rise to some kind of > locative , such as ' on ' or ' in front of ' ? i received several very useful replies , for which many thanks . it transpires that numerous languages indeed do do this . specifics follow : alice faber ( faber @ lenny . haskins . yale . edu ) : biblical hebrew has _ b @ ' ene _ ( @ = schwa , ' = ayin ) , ' in front of ' , literally "" in the eyes of "" . i ' m not sure how transparent it would have been . . . jose alvarez "" pipo "" ( jalvar @ conicit . ve or jalvar @ luz . ve ) : in guajiro , an arawakan language spoken by some 300000 people in venezuela and colombia , - ' u is an inalienable noun meaning ' eye ' is also used as as a locative or temporal adposition in : jo ' u siki , lit . ' eye of the fire ' , tr . ' in the fire ' , jo ' u wanee ka ' i , lit . ' eye of one day ' , tr . ' on one day ' ( i omit the numerous other examples generously provided by dr . alvarez from this summary ) . chris culy ( culy @ csli . stanford . edu ) bambara ( mande ) and donno so ( dogon ) are at least close to what you are looking for . they both use "" eye "" together with a general postposition for "" in front of "" . some examples ( not in real orthography , but i can provide those as well ) . bambara : adama nye fe ( adama eye with ) ' in front of adama ' donno so : anta giru ne ( anta eye at / to ) ' in front of anta ' gabor gyori ( gyorig @ btk . jpte . hu ) in hungarian we have "" szemben "" ' opposite ' , e . g . "" a hazzal szemben "" ' opposite the house ' , where szem = eye + - ben = in ( haz = house + - val [ assimilated to - zal ] = with ) annette herskovits ( hersko @ bambam . wellesley . edu ) , referring , to papers by penelope brown and steve levinson on tzeltal mentions the use of _ sit _ ( ' eye ' ) as a locative but does not recall the specific meaning . willem j . de reuse ( wdereuse @ ccit . arizona . edu ) : in navajo , there is a postpositional stem - naal ( high tone on v , barred l ) meaning ' in the presence of ' , etymologically related to - naa ' ( high tone on v ) ' eye ' . see the young and morgan dictionary ( 1992 ) . also cognates in related languages such as apache . can also be translated as : ' in front of ' clifford l . lutton , jr . ( lexes @ mindspring . com ) suggests that the following english usages might be relevant : out there in the public 's eye reality is in the eye of the beholder out there satellites are keeping an eye on the site with an eye toward litigation with every eye upon him , he then see ghetto life through ghetto eyes [ out there or in ] in my [ mind ' s ] eyes , something is the situation hit america between the eyes in the [ minds ' ] eyes of the arab countries to take pictures or to eyeball [ locate ] it from 500 feet edit @ vms . huji . ac . il mentions a rather different usage , derived from ' eye ' , in modern hebrew : me - ' eyn ( lit . from-eye - of ) means ' a kind of ' . nicholas ostler ( nostler @ chibcha . demon . co . uk ) quotes some old grammars of chibcha / muisca : delante , en presencia . pedro ubana . . . upqua-fihistan . . . aunque el primero dice presencia , el segundo dice vista , y asi dice : m-upqua fihistan zos machiba , ponlo delante de tus ojos , llegalo a tusojos , o , llega la cosa a tus ojos para que la veas ( gonza ' lez de pe ' rez , mari ' a stella . 1987 . ' diccionario y grama ' tica chibcha ' - ms ano ' nimo de la biblioteca nacional de colombia . biblioteca ' ezequiel uricoechea ' 1 . bogota ' : instituto caro y cuervo . p . 230 ) . . . estos tres ultimos se dicen de cosa plana , y de cosa que propiamente no tiene asiento , como el aire ( quesada pacheco , miguel a . 1991 . vocabulario mosco . 1612 . estudios de lingu "" i 's tica chibcha , tomo x , 29-100 . editorial de la universidad de costa rica . 38v s . v . sobre : fihista fihistaca fihistana ) "" na "" or "" n "" is a postposition of static location "" m - "" is a 2nd person singular personal prefix there is no explicit plural marking in this language . "" uba "" means "" face "" "" upqua "" means "" eye "" "" fihista "" properly means "" chest "" but is commonly used as part of = a local periphrasis for "" on "" . finally , monica macaulay ( macaulay @ sage . cc . purdue . edu ) tells me that the 15 mixtec languages she looked at do not have this usage , although it is interesting to see the list of other body part terms so used : face , hand , insides / heart , stomach , back ( of a human ) , back ( of an animal ) / nape , head , mouth , side , chest , foot , buttocks , ear , waist , throat
",0
1002,"Subject: re : 6 . 1119 , disc : kinship terms , re : 1113
 
 re steven straight 's comments , the brevity of son cannot be the sole factor involved , since dad and mom pattern with father and mother , while son is different ( it is not used as a true vocative but is used as the usually-postposed "" bonding "" form ) , and brother is different still , since it is not used in either way . moreover , the contrast between the - er terms and the - er-less son directly reflects the proto - indo - european * p @ te : r , * ma : te : r , * bhra : te : r , etc . , but * su : nus ( @ = schwa ) . alexis manaster ramer
",0
1003,"Subject: re : kinship terms
 
 fwiw , i believe i ' ve heard "" bro "" in hawai ' ian pidgin in the early ' 70s . i would assume it has an independent origin there . it seemed like to be primarily used to refer to those of one 's own racial / ethnic group ( not necessarily kin ) , but could be extended to include even haoles ( like me ) .
",0
1004,"Subject: re : 6 . 1110 , disc : kinship terms , re : 1100 , 1108
 
 david silva writes : > in writing about the lack of a single syllable vocative for "" brother "" ( a la > mom , dad , and sis ) , allan c wechsler notes that perhaps the bve term "" bro "" is > something to consider . well beyond the domain of black vernacular english , "" bro "" was certainly current , in fact required , for addressing a brother , either elder or younger ( i have both ) when i was at ' prep ' and ' public ' schools ( i . e . private schools ) in s . e . england in the 1960s . it could also be used attributively , e . g . "" my bro says . . . "" it felt equivalent to the practice , in respect of all the other boys , of addressing them by their surnames , ( a practice which was also standard at these schools until puberty ) . so it was definitely a form of address acquired outside the family . i have n't heard it , or used it , since . i ' ve never used "" sis "" to or of my sister ; "" sissie "" ( cissie ? ) was always been a term used to insult a boy who seemed insufficiently tough : e . g . "" oh you cissie ! "" apparently my granduncles called my grandmother affectionately "" sis ( sie ) "" in the 1900s . ( here , though , the situation was complicated by the fact that her given name was christine , which they seemed to think shortened to cis . ) marginal uses , only , it seems . nicholas ostler linguacubun ltd 17 oakley road london n1 3ll + 44-171 - 704-1481 nostler @ chibcha . demon . co . uk
",0
1005,"Subject: call : field reports / endangered lgs . at lsa ' 96
 
 [ this is a reposted message from the linguistic society of america ( lsa ) 's committee on endangered languages and their preservation . please note that the deadline for submission is * * september 1 , 1995 * * . - - tony woodbury ] call for abstracts field reports / endangered languages lsa annual meeting , san diego , january 4 - 7 , 1996 at last year 's lsa meeting in new orleans , the committee on endangered languages and their preservation presented a two-part organized session titled ' field reports / endangered languages . ' beginning this year , ' field reports / endangered languages ' is listed on the lsa ' abstract submittal form ' as one of the ' primary area [ s ] of linguistics ' addressed by regular submissions to the lsa annual meeting in san diego . if enough abstracts designating this category are accepted , then ' field reports / endangered languages ' may be the title of one or more regular sessions at the meeting . papers in this category are expected to report on the results of recent field work , especially ( but not necessarily ) on languages that are endangered , and to focus on any of the major themes in the work of field linguists . these include : ( a ) the scientific importance of specific field results , including new phenomena or facts ; ( b ) the nature of language endangerment and shift , such as the sociolinguistics of endangered languages communities , the distribution and speaker strength of languages or dialects in a given area , or attitudes toward language death ; ( c ) the ways communities and linguists have responded to these conditions , including language preservation or revitalization efforts ; ( d ) methodological issues , such as dictionary making , natural text representation , survey methods ; and ( e ) ethical issues . abstracts designating this category should indicate briefly the communities and languages involved , the vitality of the language , the nature , goals , and location of the field work , and major prior linguistic documentation ( if any ) . because the society for the study of the indigenous languages of the americas ( ssila ) will meet jointly with the lsa in 1996 , it is hoped that field reports / endangered languages session ( s ) this year will have a complementary focus on languages of africa , eurasia , and oceania , as well as languages of predominantly non - native communities in the americas ( e . g . , sign languages , pidgins / creoles , and varieties of overseas languages ) . accordingly , those with reports on native american languages are encouraged to submit them to ssila if at all possible . the deadline for receipt of abstracts is * sept . 1 , 1995 * . please note that ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ this date is a week and a half earlier than in previous years . like all submissions , these abstracts will be reviewed by the lsa program committee in consultation with outside referees . submission is open to any lsa member . for further details see the _ lsa bulletin _ , no . 146 , december , 1994 , pp . 61-66 . the committee on endangered languages and their preservation considers it vitally important that this new category be supported by a strong complement of abstract submissions from interested lsa members . this is the only way for "" field reports / endangered languages "" to become an established part of lsa programs in years to come . please direct any questions to tony woodbury ( email : acw @ mail . utexas . edu ; phone : ( 512 ) 471-1701 or ( 512 ) 472-5305 . ) end of message
",0
1006,"Subject: first israeli seminar on computational linguistics
 
 call for participation first israeli seminar on computational linguistics laboratory of computational linguistics department of computer science technion , haifa february 16 , 1995 the seminar is intended to bring together researchers and practitioners in all areas of computational linguistics ( or natural language processing ) , and also in related areas such as formal linguistics , theoretical linguistics , cognitive science etc . its main objective is exposition of the kind of work that is carried out in both academia and industry in israel in those fields . it is hoped that as a result from such a gathering , more cooperation among different sites will emerge ; resources will be shared ; and the entire field will become more prominent . the seminar will also serve as a means to introduce the area to graduate students who are attracted to it but are unaware of the possibilities of majoring in it . in this first seminar the format of future meetings will be defined . hopefully , it will be the first in a series of periodic gatherings . some speakers will survey various ongoing activities in israel ; some projects will be described in more details . the possibility of creating a more formal organization will be discussed . programme ( tentative ) 13 : 00 - - 13 : 30 coffee 13 : 30 - - 13 : 45 opening remarks 13 : 45 - - 15 : 00 i nissim francez , technion uzzi ornan , technion dani cohen , tovna ltd . 15 : 00 - - 15 : 30 break 15 : 30 - - 16 : 45 ii yaacov choueka , bar ilan university michael elhadad , ben gurion university ido dagan , bar ilan university 16 : 45 - - 17 : 30 discussion for more details please contact : shuly wintner department of computer science , technion 32000 haifa phone : 04-294315 fax : 04-294353 email : shuly @ cs . technion . ac . il
",0
1007,"Subject: summary : english as isolating lg
 
 in linguist list : vol-6 - 1095 ( aug . 7 , 95 ) , i asked the following question . i ' ve received 3 responses from readers . i want to say thank you very much to alan juffs , steve matthews , and john j mccarthy . here is a summary of them . > > dear collegues , > > sometimes i ' ve heard that english is becoming more the > > isolating language from the inflecting one typologically . > > i would like to know the discussion aboout the phenomena > > or actual evidences to explain this argument . > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - < comment & references from alan juffs ( juffs @ isp . pitt . edu ) > you might look at len talmy 's work ; he considers english to be a satellite framed language . however , there are numerous verbs in english which also 's quash ' a lot of meaning into a root . you might also consider looking at levin and rappaport on unaccusatives and causativity . levin , b . , & rappaport hovav , m . ( 1995 ) . unaccusativity : at the syntax-lexical semantics interface . cambridge , ma : mit press . levin , b . , & rappaport - hovav , m . ( 1994 ) . a preliminary analysis of causative verbs in english . in l . gleitman & b . landau ( eds . ) , the lexicon in acquisition ( pp . 35-80 ) . cambridge , ma : mit press . talmy , l . ( 1985 ) . lexicalization patterns : semantic structure in lexical patterns . in t . shopen ( eds . ) , language typology and syntactic description ( pp . 57-149 ) . cambridge : cambridge university press . talmy , l . ( 1991 ) . path to realization : a typology of event conflation . in proceedings of the berkeley linguistics society , 17 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - < references & comments from steve matthews ( matthews @ hkucc . hku . hk ) > a useful discussion of the loss of inflectional morphology is in the first 2 chapters of john hawkins ' "" a comparative typology of english and german "" . he describes how english has retained a proper subset of the morphology that german has ( p . 12 ) . although he does n't appeal directly to isolating typology , his points could be taken to illustrate the claim you mention . there is also some useful discussion of morphological types in andrew carstairs - mccarthy 's "" current morphology "" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - < comments from john j mccarthy ( jmccarthy @ linguist . umass . edu ) > . . . . . . . the reason why english is said to have changed from a more inflecting to a more isolating language is primarily the loss of case marking in nouns ( except for pronouns ) and the loss of person / number marking in verbs ( except for the 3rd person singular present and the verb ' be ' ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
1008,"Subject: preliminary announcement of jakobson conference in bulgarian
 
 > date : tues , 01 aug 95 13 : 59 : 56 > from : < crudin @ wscgate . wsc . edu > > subject : conference in bulgaria > a slavic linguistics conference in honor of the 100th > anniversary of jakobson 's birth is being organized for next > may , near the end of the month , in bulgaria . > > an official call for papers will be forthcoming eventually > - - in the meantime , all interested slavists are encouraged > to contact iskra likomanova ( iskra @ bgearn . bitnet ) for > further information and a personal invitation . > > ( she was n't specific , but i take it this is under the > auspices of the bulgarsko slavistichno druzhestvo and / or > universitet kliment ohridski in sofia . ) > > thanks , catherine ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ george fowler gfowler @ indiana . edu [ email ] dept . of slavic languages * * 1-317 - 726-1482 [ home ] * * [ try here first ! ] ballantine 502 1-812 - 855-2624 / - 2608 / - 9906 [ dept . ] indiana university 1-812 - 855-2829 [ office ] bloomington , in 47405 usa 1-812 - 855-2107 [ dept . fax ] ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
",0
1009,"Subject: penn working papers
 
 * * * penn working papers in linguistics volume 2 spring 1995 * * * the university of pennsylvania linguistics club is pleased to announce the publication of volume 2 of the penn working papers in linguistics . articles appearing in volume 2 are : verb movement in kashmiri rajesh bhatt clitics and island effects sabine iatridou adding to the inventory : contemplating anti - perfect marking in french antillean creoles jon f . pressman nominative - accusative syncretism and syntactic case don ringe null subjects in early child english and the theory of economy of projection bernhard rohrbacher and tom roeper the distribution of object clitics in koine greek ann taylor functional projections in finnish non - finite constructions anne vainikka copies of this volume are $ 12 apiece . we also have subscriptions available ( volumes 1 and 2 ) for $ 18 . checks should be made payable to ` ` penn linguistics club ' ' and orders may be sent to the editors at : working papers department of linguistics 619 williams hall university of pennsylvania philadelphia , pa 19104-6305 . the editorial committee roumyana izvorski victoria tredinnick ( working-papers @ ling . upenn . edu )
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1010,"Subject: summary : german terms for sibilant , shibilant , etc .
 
 just the other day i asked if anybody knew the german terms for sibilant , shibilant , and the category of sound which russian , georgian , etc . linguists know as , in effect , 's ibilant-shibilant ' ( of which the polish s-acute , c-acute , and z-acute , orthographically speaking , are examples ) . peter daniels noted that older german works on semitology do not use any special terms . carsten breul reported sibilant and schibilant , and also , for the former , zischlaut ( one wishes it were * zisslaut , but languages are only human ! ) . a source off linguist tells me that a shibilant is also a rauschlaut , although carsten tells me this does not appear to be a widespread usage ( but thinks it sounds very suitable ) . so , zischlaut and rauschlaut it is . but i guess there is still the problem of the remaining category ( which has names in russian and georgian , but not to my knowledge in english , french , or german ) . maybe we should collectively try to come up with something for each of these languages ? alexis manaster ramer
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1011,"Subject: summary : translation of philosophical texts , textual criticism
 
 the following list contains all references i got in the various , although regrettably not too many , responses to my query concerning the application of translational theory to philosophical texts and issues in textual criticism : aland , aland 1987 - kurt aland and barbara aland : the text of the new testament : an introduction to the critical editions and to the theory and practice of modern textual criticism , trans . by erroll f . rhodes . grand rapids , mi : eerdmans publishing co . baker - mona baker : in other words . ( a text for teaching translation , including the teaching of the effect of context and discuourse analysis on translation . ) hewson , martin 1991 - ? hewson , ? martin : redefining translation : the variational approach . routledge . london . iser 1978 - ? iser : the act of reading : a theory of asthetic response . johns hopkins university press ; baltimore . jauss 1982 - ? jauss : toward an asthetic of reception . harvester press ; brighton . mc carter 1986 - p . kyle mccarter : textual criticism : recovering the text of the hebrew bible ( philadelphia : fortress press , 1986 ) metzger 19 ? ? - bruce metzger : the text of the new testament : its transmission , corruption and restoration , oup neubert , shreve 1992 - ? neubert , ? shreve : translation as text . kent state university press . kent , ohio . snell - hornby 1988 - m . snell - hornby : translation studies : an integrated approach . john benjamins ; amsterdam - see esp . pp 13-22 on the illusion of equivalence . west 1973 - martin l . west : textual criticism and editorial technique applicable to greek and latin texts . b . g . teubner , 1973 . further information i gathered : i was told that what i called "" textual criticism "" is , nowadays , more commonly referred to as "" scholarly editing "" . another reference brought me to the interpreting ancient manuscripts web at http : / / www . stg . brown . edu / projects / mss / overview . html , which is devoted to new testament textual criticism ( and was very helpful , indeed ) . although i am confident that a thorough reading of at least some of the above-given sources will no doubt broaden my horizon and deepen my understanding immensely , my curiosity about the translation of philosophical texts still remains largely unsatisfied for the moment . to clarify what this curiosity is all about - here is what i consider to be peculiar to and characteristic for the translation of philosophical texts , say , some generalized observation from my specific situation as translating ancient indian and tibetan philosophical texts . - the "" temptation of consistency "" . once a text is acknowledged as being a philosophical work , it is invariably presupposed that it is consistent , coherent , and thoroughly rational . the author is not supposed to make self-contradictory statements unless some assumptions of the philosophy in question provide an explanation for these . while this presupposition is necessary and adequate to a certain extent , it tends to yield rather questionable results when uncritically combined with the "" temptation of evaluation "" , or the "" temptation of justification "" . especially when translating philosophical texts from foreign , "" exotic "" cultures , the translation does not only present itself as a translation , but also as an argument why the text in question merits translation in the first place . in other words : because of the marginalization of "" exotic "" philosophy - in the introductory classes of philosophy i got to hear at university , i was still told that there is no philosophy to the east of greece - , a translation has to justify its appearance by justifying that the translated text contributes to a presupposed universal philosophy in a relevant manner . this is highly problematic for various reasons . the specific factor i have in mind , however , is that , when a translator has decided upon translating an "" exotic "" philosophical text , the value and content of the text are beyond questioning - its philosophical character and quality are presupposed to an extent which can severely damage and undermine the very project of translation . "" mistakes "" which the author made ( statements which would render the text less valuable for comparative philosophy ) are tacitly "" corrected "" ( read : deleted ) , terminology is adjusted etc . - this phenomenon itself is grounded in the personal union of translator and historician , translator and interpreter , translator and commentator . while a translation of a novel can be done by one person , who is a translator in a more technical sense , and can be thoroughly researched in its historical impact by somebody else , who is a literature-historian , this is not only uncommon in the field of comparative philosophy ( or the study of other cultures ' philosophies ) , but also hardly feasible - for in most cases , even the philological constitution of the texts in question has to be informed by the interpretation . this results in a quite difficult ( and peculiar ) position of translation in the whole hermeneutical process - in most cases , the translation will serve as a "" second-language "" - commentary to the translated texts , not presenting an otherwise inaccessible philosophical text in its own right to those who do not understand the source-language , but a ) justifying the constitution of the text , b ) clarifying the interpretation on part of the translator and c ) ( see above ) justifying the project of translation for those who not only do understand the source-language , but who are already basically familiar with the historical and philosophical environment . in this context , translation loses much of its "" mediating "" function between two languages , but becomes a tool of explanation , which , in some contexts , can even be dismissed with ( i have seen and heard many specialists in indian philosophy whose explanations are basically made up of sanskrit terms , only vaguely connected by english copula ) . while this can naturally be explained on account of different target audiences ( translations for specialists will be different from translations for non-specialists ) , i find that this different function of translation is not recognized within the "" specialists ' "" group at all . in other words : criteria which would apply to judging a translation in a broader context ( e . g . a translation of a novel ) are applied to translations which are carried out in this specific context , without even considering a possible difference in the pragmatic environment . i would thoroughly appreciate any opinions on this , birgit kellner institute for indian philosophy university of hiroshima
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1012,"Subject: linguistic impact of the internet
 
 i am very interested in studying the linguistic impact of the internet . however , i have not been able to locate a phd program or professor that shares my interest . i have also found it difficult to locate any published materials on the topic ( besides the occasional ny times article ) . i ' m hoping for some direction . bill miller br00293 @ bingsuns . cc . binghamton . edu
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1013,"Subject: phoneme bigrams
 
 i am new to this list so i would like to say hello . i am working on speech comprehension in the psychology dept at york university . specifically i am looking at prosody and word boundary detection . i have a request . does anyone know where i can get a list of phoneme bigram ( and trigram possibly ) frequencies in english . all the counts that i have found are for letter bigrams not phonemes . can you help ? thanks very much , andy lloyd andy lloyd tel : 0904 433159 psychology department fax : 0904 433181 university of york york yo1 5dd email : ajl100 @ tower . york . ac . uk
",0
1014,"Subject: english parser / tagger
 
 i ' m looking for a good lemmatizer for english and / or a lemmatized corpus . any hints ? thanks in advance . marc
",0
1015,"Subject: summary of sociolinguistics course syllabi
 
 dear subscribers , a shamefully long while back , i posted a request for syllabi for sociolinguistics courses . here , finally , is a summary of what i received . thanks to kate remlinger , ellen l . contini - morava , and ronald cosper for their responses , and apologies to everyone for the tardiness of this posting . best , seth minkoff seth @ mit . edu _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you might find the collection of syllabi published by coswl ( the committee on the status of women in linguistics ) helpful . i am not sure how to obtain a copy . the lsa secretariat might be able to help . kathryn remlinger karemlin @ mtu . edu department of humanities michigan technological uuniversity 1400 townsend drive houghton , mi 49931 ( 906 ) 487-3274 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hello , here 's a syllabus for a course i do at the univ . of virginia . it 's aimed at mid-level undergraduates , mostly but not all anthropology majors , and usually students who have no previous linguistics courses , averages about 60-70 students . i would have sent the one from last spring but could n't find the file ( my hard drive got eaten recently ) . there is one change that will probably be permanent : instead of trudgill 's textbook i ' ve substituted nancy bonvillain , language , culture , and communication , prentice hall 1993 . it 's more anthropologically oriented than trudgill , who is of the labovian - sociological school ; also bonvillain includes some rudimentary linguistics , useful for those who have n't had any . here it is . hope it 's not too late to be useful . with best regards , ellen contini - morava anthropology 341 / 741 introduction to sociolinguistics spring 1993 instructor : ellen contini - morava books ( all required reading ) : deborah tannen , you just do n't understand : women and men in conversation . ballantine books , 1990 . peter trudgill , sociolinguistics . penguin , 1983 . [ textbook ] martha coonfield ward , them children : a study in language learning . university press of america , 1971 . in addition to the above books , required readings will include a packet of xeroxed articles available at inprint on elliewood avenue . note : one copy of each book , and one copy of the xeroxed packet , will be placed on reserve in clemons library . requirements : a mid-term and a final , both open-book , take-home essay question exams , and a field project , whose topic and methodology should be discussed with me before spring break . the exams and the field project will each count for one third of the final grade . [ 741 students will write a research paper , approximately 20 pages in length , in addition to the above requirements . the field project may be incorporated into the paper , and the paper will count for one half of the final grade . ] course description : the field of sociolinguistics deals with ways in which language serves to define and maintain group identity and social relationships among speakers . particular topics to be covered in this course include : i . regional and social variation in language . how language reflects and maintains social stratification . the consequences of social attitudes toward linguistic features and the speakers associated with them . standard and non-standard dialects . ii . language and ethnicity . language as a marker of ethnic identity . controversies over "" black english "" : linguistic definition , social functions , history . problems in interethnic communication . language and ethnic diversity in the classroom . iii . language , sex and gender . do men and women speak different "" languages "" ? what verbal and non-verbal features mark the sex of a speaker ? gender and communicative style . representations of gender in advertising . sexism and sex-stereotyping in language . iv . language and social context . formal and informal speech styles : linguistic and social definitions . reciprocal and non-reciprocal forms of address . diglossia and bilingualism . the relation between means of expression and social meaning . language , power , and solidarity . v . languages in contact . pidgin and creole languages : structure , origins and social functions . political and social factors affecting language choice in multilingual or developing nations ( including ours ) . the fate of minority languages in this and other countries . vi . applied sociolinguistics . language planning : intervention in language change . multilingualism and education . how language affects health care . language in the courtroom . language and mass media : the linguistic representation of "" news "" . syllabus jan . 16 preface . 1 / 21 introduction . trudgill ch . 1 wolfram , walt , "" varieties of american english "" . from c . a . ferguson and s . b . heath ( eds . ) language in the usa . cambridge university press 1981 . 1 / 23 language and social attitudes . labov , william , "" general attitudes toward the speech of new york city . "" from r . w . bailey and j . l . robinson ( eds . ) , varieties of present-day english . macmillan , 1972 . underwood , gary , "" how you sound to an arkansawyer "" . american speech 49 . 3 / 4 : 208-216 ( 1974 ) . 1 / 28 language and social class . trudgill ch . 2 labov , william , "" the logic of non-standard english "" . georgetown monographs in languages and linguistics no . 22 ( 1969 ) . 1 / 30 language and ethnicity . trudgill ch . 3 spears , a . "" black american english "" in jonetta cole ( ed . ) anthropology for the nineties . new york : free press 1988 . stanback , m . "" language and black woman 's place : evidence from the black middle class "" . from p . treichler , c . kramarae , b . stafford ( eds . ) for alma mater : theory and practice in feminist scholarship . univ . of illinois press , 1985 . feb . 4 ethnicity and communicative style . mitchell - kernan , claudia , "" signifying , loud-talking and marking "" . from kochman , t . ( ed . ) rappin ' and stylin ' out : communication in urban black america . univ . of illinois press , 1972 . schiffrin , deborah , "" jewish argument as sociability "" . language in society 13 : 311-335 , 1984 . 2 / 6 language , ethnicity and the classroom . smitherman , geneva , "" where do we go from here ? t . c . b . ! "" from talkin and testifyin : the language of black america . boston : houghton mifflin 1977 . philips , susan u . "" participant structures and communicative competence : warm springs children in community and classroom . "" from c . cazden , v . john and d . hymes ( eds . ) , functions of language in the classroom . new york : teachers college press , 1972 . 2 / 11 - 2 / 13 ethnicity , social class , and language learning . ward , them children ( textbook ) . 2 / 18 - 2 / 20 language and gender . trudgill ch . 4 tannen , you just do n't understand ( textbook ) . 2 / 25 language and gender : cross-cultural perspectives . keesing , r . "" kwaio women speak : the micropolitics of autobiography in a solomon island society "" . american anthropologist 87 . 1 ( 1985 ) pp . 27-39 . keenan , elinor ochs , "" norm - makers , norm-breakers : uses of speech by men and women in a malagasy community "" . in r . bauman and j . sherzer ( eds . ) explorations in the ethnography of speaking . cambridge university press , 1974 . 2 / 27 sexism and sex-stereotyping in language . schulz , m . "" the semantic derogation of woman "" . in b . thorne and n . henley ( eds . ) language and sex : difference and dominance . rowley , ma : newbury house , 1975 satire , w . ( alias w . hofstadter ) , "" a person paper on purity in language "" . metamagical themas . new york : basic books 1985 . take-home midterm handed out . due by 12 : 30 pm tuesday , march 3 . ground rules for the exam : this is an open-book test , so texts and lecture notes may be consulted in preparing the answers , but the test may not be discussed with anyone . the test must be pledged , and returned to me at the beginning of class . tests returned later than the deadline , left in my mailbox , under my door , on car windshield etc . will not be accepted ( i . e . will receive a grade of f ) . no time extensions except in ( documented ) cases of emergency , and only with permission from me in person . leaving a message on my answering machine , office door , or with the department secretary does not guarantee that an extension will be granted . mar . 3 language and social context , overview . trudgill ch . 5 . take home midterm due at beginning of class . 3 / 5 language and social context : theoretical perspectives . hymes , dell , "" models of the interaction of language and social life . "" from j . j . gumperz and d . hymes ( eds . ) directions in sociolinguistics . holt , rinehart and winston , 1972 . 3 / 10 language / context : forms of address . e . bates and l . benigni , "" rules of address in italy : a sociological survey "" . language in society 4 . 3 ( 1975 ) , pp . 271-288 . field project proposals due 3 / 12 language / context : choice of code . ferguson , charles , "" sports announcer talk "" . language in society 12 : 153-172 , 1983 . abu - lughod , l . "" honor and the sentiments of loss in a bedouin society "" . american ethnologist 12 . 2 ( 1985 ) . 3 / 17 - 3 / 19 spring break 3 / 24 language / context : silence . basso , keith , "" to give up on words : silence in western apache culture "" . southwestern journal of anthropology 26 : 213-30 , 1970 . sansom , b . "" the sick who do not speak . "" in d . parkin ( ed . ) , semantic anthropology . academic press 1983 . 3 / 26 language / context : social norms . goffman , erving , "" the lecture "" . from forms of talk . university of pennsylvania press 1981 . 3 / 31 theoretical perspectives ii . trudgill ch . 6 . bernstein , basil , "" a sociolinguistic approach to socialization . "" from j . j . gumperz and d . hymes ( eds . ) directions in sociolinguistics . holt , rinehart and winston , 1972 . apr . 2 languages in contact : bilingualism and multilingualism . heller , monica , "" bonjour , hello ? negotiations of language choice in montreal . "" in gumperz , j . ( ed . ) communication , language and social identity . cambridge university press , 1982 . mkilifi , m . h . a . "" triglossia and swahili - english bilingualism in tanzania . "" language in society 1 : 197-213 , 1972 . 4 / 7 languages in contact : pidgins and creoles . trudgill ch . 8 . crowley , t . and b . rigsby , "" cape york creole "" . in t . shopen ( ed . ) , languages and their status . univ . of pennsylvania press , 1987 . 4 / 9 pidgins and creoles ( cont . ) stewart , w . "" creole languages in the caribbean "" . from rice , f . a . ( ed . ) study of the role of second languages in asia , africa , and latin america . washington , dc : center for applied linguistics , 1962 . sistren with honor ford smith , "" ole massa and me "" . from lionheart gal . sister vision , black women and women of colour press , box 217 , station e , toronto , ontario , m6h 4e2 , canada . 4 / 14 language dominance : native and immigrant languages in the us . darnell , r . "" the language of power in cree interethnic communication . "" from wolfson , n . and j . manes ( eds . ) , language of inequality . berlin : mouton de gruyter , 1985 . fishman , j . "" the lively life of a 'd ead ' language ( or ' everyone knows that yiddish died long ago ' ) "" . from wolfson and manes ( see preceding for full reference ) . 4 / 16 applied sociolinguistics : language planning . trudgill ch . 7 . ferguson , charles , "" on sociolinguistically oriented language surveys . "" from s . ohannessian , c . ferguson and e . polom ( eds . ) , language surveys in developing nations . washington , dc : center for applied linguistics , 1975 . 4 / 21 applied sociolinguistics : language and inequality . walker , a . g . h . , "" applied sociology of language : vernacular languages and education . "" in p . trudgill ( ed . ) applied sociolinguistics . london ; orlando : academic , 1984 . fisher , s . and a . todd , "" friendly persuasion : negotiating decisions to use oral contraceptives "" . in fisher and todd ( eds . ) discouse and institutional authority : medicine , education , and law . norwood , nj : ablex 1986 . 4 / 23 language and inequality ( cont . ) : the courts , the media . o'barr , w . "" speech styles in the courtroom "" . from linguistic evidence : language , power , and strategy in the courtroom . academic press , 1982 . van dijk , teun , "" mediating racism : the role of the media in the reproduction of racism . "" in ruth wodak ( ed . ) language , power , and ideology . john benjamins , 1989 . 4 / 28 review , discussion , oral reports . field projects due . ( same policy applies as for midterm , see 2 / 27 . ) final exam handed out . due by 5 pm wednesday , may 6 . return to secretary in anthropology department office , 303 brooks hall . in other respects same policy applies as for midterm , see 2 / 27 . =
",0
1016,"Subject: eskimo snow and scottish rain
 
 i do n't know about eskimo words for snow , but scottish gaelic has a special word "" turadh "" for when it stops raining ! compare : tha an t-uisge ann . is the water in it "" it is raining "" tha an turadh ann . is the dry-spell in it "" it has stopped raining . "" also : rinn e turadh san fheasgar . made it a dry-spell in the afternoon "" it stopped raining ( for a while ) in the afternoon . kevin donnelly
",0
1017,"Subject: re : 5 . 1470 open letter to _ language _
 
 dear colleagues . i also wish to request at least a review of the work * opyt sravnenija nostraticheskix jazykov * of the late v . m . illich - svitych . right now there are folks very much interested in the idea of * nostratic hypothesis * . i am one of those . dr . jacob caflisch , sr . theoretical linguistics & slavics sometime director , polish program univ . of south florida tampa 33620 .
",0
1018,"Subject: re : 6 . 100 sum : ipa history & haceks ,
 
 stemberger suggests that north american linguists who use haceks are following a tradition which is just as international as that of the international phonetic association , which he labels a western european organization . even a cursory glance at the ipa membership list would have shown him that the ipa is an international body , with many north american members . it is governed by an elected council , with over half the members coming from outside western europe , several of the council being from the united states , others from eastern europe ( poland and russia ) , and others from china , japan , australia , finland , south africa , and nigeria . it is the north american linguists who use diverse symbols who are not following truly international conventions . having said that , let me say that i happen to agree with him that it would be appropriate to use haceks for palato-alveolar sounds . the hacek would then be a diacritic marking a natural class of sounds . i proposed this at the 1989 kiel convention of the ipa , but i was voted down by my more conservative colleagues , who consider it important to keep the ipa as stable as possible . i see their point of view , but prefer mine . nevertheless there is no point in having democratically approved international standards unless one keeps to them , so i will reluctantly avoid haceks . peter ladefoged
",0
1019,"Subject: call for papers - - - jengl
 
 call for papers journal of english linguistics one of the few linguistics journals dedicated to presenting primarily empirical work , the journal of english linguistics is now being published by sage periodicals press , a leading international publisher of scholarly books and journals in the social sciences . the editors , william a . kretzschmar , jr . , and charles f . meyer , continue to invite submissions on the modern and historical periods of the english language . the journal of english linguistics normally prints synchronic and diachronic studies on subjects from old and middle english , to modern english grammar , corpus linguistics , and dialectology . other topics , for example , from language contact , to pidgins / creoles , or stylistics are acceptable if the article keeps its focus on the english language . articles normally range from 10 to 25 pages in typescript ( up to about 50kb on disk ) . submission to the journal of english linguistics implies that your article has n't been simultaneously submitted to other journals or previously published elsewhere . as a new feature beginning with the first sage issue , volume 24 , the journal of english linguistics will publish special issues ( monographs or topical collections of articles appropriate to the journal that are up to approximately 100 printed pages ) . these special issues should treat methodology or present results of model studies . all methodological issues should be fully illustrated with particular examples from empirical research , and should present documentation complete enough for readers themselves to use the methods described . model studies should fully describe data acquisition and analysis , as well as present detailed results and conclusions . proposals for special issues of the journal of english linguistics should be sent to the editor . the journal will continue to review titles in general and historical linguistics , language variation , sociolinguistics , and dialectology for an international audience . unsolicited reviews cannot be considered . books for review and correspondence regarding reviews should be sent to the editor . all submissions should be prepared according to the chicago manual of style , 14th ed . submissions are juried . send all mss to the editor : provide a textfile produced by any common ibm - compatible word processor , on diskette or via electronic mail ( mac users should submit a pure ascii file ) , plus two copies of a formatted printout . all other editorial correspondence should be addressed to the editor . william a . kretzschmar , jr . editor , journal of english linguistics university of georgia , athens , ga 30602-6205 tel : ( 706 ) 542-2246 email : billk @ atlas . uga . edu
",0
1020,"Subject: sum : v - initial languages
 
 several weeks ago i posted a query in connection with the exceedingly frequent vowel-initial lexical items of basque , in which perhaps 50 % of native nouns and adjectives are v - initial ( i exclude verbs , since ancient verbs almost invariably show a prefix * / e - / in their non-finite forms . ) i asked whether other languages ( apart from the initial-dropping languages of australia ) show a comparable frequency of initial vowels and , if so , whether a historical explanation is known . i was particularly interested in hearing about possible cases of the lenition and loss of initial voiceless plosives , an explanation proposed for an ancient stage of basque by andre ' martinet . one respondent queried whether there was adequate statistical evidence to assert that the basque case is indeed unusual . i know of no such evidence , and indeed one of my purposes was to try to find out whether basque is really as unusual as is commonly believed by vasconists . the following languages were cited in the responses . polynesian : the proto - austronesian consonant system has undergone considerable attrition in the polynesian languages , which today exhibit between eight and twelve consonants apiece . in hawaiian , in which proto - polynesian * / h / and * / ? / have been categorically lost , v - initial words appear to be rather common . but i could not find any explicit discussion of this , and my impression of such hawaiian texts as i could find is that the proportion of v - initial words probably does not approach 40 % , though i am ready to be corrected on this . niger-congo : initial vowels are frequent in a number of west african languages which are not closely related ; the initial vowels generally appear to be of morphological origin . there is uncertainty as to whether the vowels are fossilized noun-class prefixes ( the most popular explanation ) or the residue of derivational processes , such as for making agentive nouns out of verbs . in the cross river languages of nigeria , most nouns are v - initial ; in some of these languages , virtually all nouns are . here it seems clear that the initial vs are fossilizations of ancient noun-class prefixes , in most cases derived from original cv - prefixes by loss of the c . in at least some of these languages , most verb forms are also v - initial , but only because the presence of fully functional agreement markers . benue - congo languages generally lack a distinct class of adjectives . in some benue - congo languages , and especially in some bantu languages , cv - prefixes have instead been augmented for morphological reasons to yield vcv - prefixes , again producing frequent initial vowels . ancient noun-class prefixes appear to be recoverable to varying extents in many niger - congo languages , especially in bantu . importantly , the original semantic values of the prefixes can often be determined , though this is not always the case . the kwa language ( bini ) edo is unusual in that every single noun must begin with a vowel , so that even c - initial loans from english have vowels prefixed , apparently purely for morpheme-structure reasons . yoruba is noteworthy in that it has around 45 % of v - initial words , even though four of its ten vowels cannot appear initially . catalan : a rough estimate suggests that catalan words are about 32 % v - initial , rather more than one might expect in a language with 7 vowels and 22 consonants , and more , i suspect , than are typically found in romance languages . i know of no particular reason for this . arawan ( amazonia ) : many of these languages have frequent v - initial words . it is suggested ( but not established ) that these derive from the loss of initial glottals . in at least some of these languages , v - initial words differ from c - initial words in that the first group may never bear stress on the first syllable . berber : masculine - gender nouns regularly take a prefix / a - / , while feminine nouns take / ta - / . muskogean : these have vc - prefixes on v - initial words but cv - prefixes on c - initial words . it is not clear to me what this means overall . siouxan : these seem to have undergone heavy reduction of initials , not entirely unlike the australian initial-dropping languages , but the results have been complex . siouxan languages particularly show the lenition of initial / p [ h ] / > / f / > / h / , and possibly also some cases of / t [ h ] / > / h / . germanic : the change / k [ h ] / > / x / > / h / is well attested here , but not , as a rule , exclusively in word-initial position ( though sometimes in syllable-initial position ) . lenition of voiceless plosives generally is widespread in germanic . on the basis of this admittedly unscientific sample , i would therefore suggest the following conclusions : ( 1 ) languages in which 40 % or more of nouns are v - initial are not exceedingly rare , but they do not appear to be at all common . the majority of the examples come from niger - congo . ( 2 ) in niger - congo , the initial vowels derive chiefly from morphological sources , probably entirely so apart from the reduction of cv - prefixes to v - in some languages . fossilized noun-class prefixes appear to be the most widely accepted origin in most cases , and such prefixes appear to be certain in some cases , in which the semantic value of the prefixes is still recoverable . but other morphological processes may be responsible in some other cases . ( 3 ) outside of niger - congo , there appears to be little evidence of morphological origins for initial vowels , and loss of initial consonants is more usually invoked . the consonants invoked are , unsurprisingly , more likely to be glottals than oral obstruents . ( 4 ) except perhaps in siouxan , there is little or no evidence for the systematic loss of initial voiceless plosives . so what happened in basque ? i still do n't know . the american long-ranger john bengtson has for years been defending the "" fossilized noun-class prefix "" view of the basque initial vowels , for reasons of his own , but there seems to be no trace of any semantic correlations with the initial vowels , and in fact the frequency of each of the five basque vowels appears to be about the same initially as elsewhere : a > e > i > o > u . my money is therefore still on the systematic loss of certain initial consonants , but i ' ll be very surprised if i ever have to pay out or get to collect . my thanks to maile rehbock , bruce connell , max wheeler , dan everett , john koontz , david stampe , mark liberman , herbert stahlke , and andrew carstairs - mccarthy for their helpful responses . larry trask cogs university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh england larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk
",0
1021,"Subject: currency names - summary
 
 months ago i sent a question out on the linguist list about some currency names . i got a number of responses , but being both lazy and busy , it has taken me much too long to send out a summary . but now , for those who have - - maybe - - been waiting for it , here it comes . i will not say anything about the scientific value of it , but interesting is it ( it might e . g . be , that all the "" r . . . l "" words are "" after f [ rench ] ( and sp [ anish ] ) models and are indeed cognate with royal "" , and the rupee and the rubl are not related to either the "" r . . . l "" words or each other at all ) . - - i have somewhat shortened the responses , where necessary . veturlidi oskarsson veturosk @ ismal . hi . is - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the request as it was sent on march 27 , 1995 : > does anybody know the etymology of the following currency names : > rial ( iran , oman , north yemen ) > riyal ( saudi arabia , quatar ) > riel ( cambodia ) > real ( brazil ) > and maybe other similar names beginning with ri / re end ending with l ? > would it be possible that those names are of the same ( ie . ) origin , > originally refering to kingdom e . t . c . ( cf . regal ) ? > ( what about the russian _ rubel _ , and the _ rupee _ in india e . t . c . ? ) > it would , in fact , not have to be that strange to have a currency name > of the same origin in countries as far away from each other as brazil > and cambodia , as currency names do not seem to > follow any "" national "" > rules . > cf . the name _ dollar _ ( in use in almost 60 countries ( comes originally > from the german _ thaler _ , but has supposedly spread out under the > influence of usd ) ) , and the many variations of the word "" crown "" > ( icelandic kr / ona , danish krone , estonian kroon , czechish korun e . t . c ) , > and _ dinar _ in various ( arabic ) countries . > veturlidi oskarsson > icelandic language institute reykjavik , iceland > e-mail : veturosk @ ismal . hi . is 1 . response : "" real "" ( brazil ) is certainly from latin , meaning "" the king 's money "" . i would bet the other r . . . l words are unrelated , although i can't give etymologies for them . - - note that "" dinar "" is actually of latin origin ( denarius ) , via greek . john cowan 2 . response : spanish and portuguese "" real "" mean "" royal "" ( the king 's currency ) . i have no idea whether this got picked up into arabic and cambodian as "" riyal "" etc . - - sanskrit "" rupaya "" ( "" rupee "" ) is different although at the moment i can't recall what it means . michael a . covington the university of georgia , usa 3 . response : the czech currency unit ( "" crown "" in english ) is called "" koruna "" in the nominative singular . the form you gave , "" korun "" , with a long / u / is the genetive plural form , which has a zero ending and is used with numbers over 5 . therefore you get "" 1 koruna "" , "" 2 koruny "" , but "" 5 korun "" . the german word "" thaler "" ( whence "" dollar "" ) comes from an earlier word "" joachimsthaler "" , which designated a coin minted from the high-quality silver mined during the middle ages at the town of joachimsthal ( "" thal "" = valley ) , which now bears the czech name jachimov . jachimov is in the west bohemian region of the czech republic . james kirchner 4 . response : the russian word * rubl ' * is not related to * real * , * rial * , etc . the word is an old past passive participle ( "" l-participle "" ) of the verb * rubit ' * ' to chop . ' gold ingots were originally * chopped * into small ( eventually , circular ) pieces and used as coins . in contemporary russian , the past passive participle of this verb is * rublennyj * ( e . g . , * rublennoe mjaso * ' chopped meat ' ) . gary h . toops wichita state university 5 . response : "" real "" in portuguese / spanish is cognate with "" royal "" and "" regal . "" my hunch is because it was currency backed by the crown , but it 's a hunch . it would be interesting to be able to do something like prove that the spanish / portuguese used the term ' real , ' which was picked up by the moors and carried with islamic invaders into se asia . also difficult . the russian "" rubl ' "" is a bit more than a hunch - - it derives from the word for "" cut "" : rubit ' ' to cut ' , and other words . check out fasmer 's ( vasmer 's ) etymological dictionary , available in german or russian . i was told by a slavic professor that this is cognate to "" rupee , "" but the guy was going around the bend and could easily be wrong on that point . t . beasley ucla 6 . response : the rial words are all originally "" after f [ rench ] ( and sp [ anish ] ) models "" and are indeed cognate with royal . in england a gold coin of this name was issued in 1465 , and there were french , spanish and scottish coins of the same name over the 15 and 16c . the name seems to have travelled with the maritime empires . dollar also has a complicated history . starting as the english version of thaler ( a coin of the german states ) it then was used for the large spanish coin ( worth 8 reales ) of spain . because of the importance of the spanish maritime influence and of its currency , the term became very widespread and was used ( even in parts of the british empire , such as the straits settlements - - we still use dollars here in singapore ) in many places , including in the us . you cannot assume that the use of dollar is a sign of american influence . rupee is different , coming from a sanskrit word for silver , it is of indian origin . anthea fraser national university of singapore 7 . response : according to vasmer 's etymological dictionary of russian , rubl ' ( gen . sg . rublj ' a ( stress on ending ) ) shares a root with the verb rubit ' ' hack ' and meant ' hacked off piece of a grivna ( larger unit of currency ) ' . gladney 8 . response : russian rubl ' is not related to rial / real . it comes from a root meaning ' cut ' . the origin of the term is from silver bars from which sections were clipped off ( otrubit ' in russian ) and used as currency . i remember visiting a church in moscow dedicated to the ' cut-off head of john the baptist ' ( otrublennoj golove ioanna predtechy ) . btw kopejka ( 1 \ 100 of a rubl ' ) means 's mall spear / lance ' and comes from the depiction of st . george killing the dragon which was the symbol printed on it . the russian word for money - 'd en ' gi ' - is of turkic origin and is one of several in the russian language coming from a turkic root meaning 's tamp ' . incidentally , i ' m pleased to see that the slovenian currency is the toler - one more from dollar . geraint jennings 9 . response : panamanians use the term real for a 5 centavo piece . it was interesting to me because the currency is in balboas & centavos , but , as with american money , this coin had its own name . as far as i know , it was the only coin that had its own name ( i lived there for 11 years ) . it was also a type of test in the marketplace to determine who was "" local "" & who was n't . when the price quoted to me was "" 2 reales "" & i pulled out the exact change , they knew i was n't a tourist ! the word real means royal in spanish , but i do n't know why the 5 centavo piece would be called such . caroline l . steele university of hawaii 10 . response : according to klein ' s comprehensive etymological dictionary of the english language , * rial * , * riyal * are from spanish * real * ( < latin regalem ) to which portuguese * real * is obviously related . i have no info on * riel * . the russian * ruble * and indian * rupee * are not related to the above nor to each other . they both come from indigenous words . marc picard 11 . response : according to the macmillan dictionary of measurement , the first real ( ` royal ' ) was a small silver coin issued by the spanish royal mint . rupya ( > rupee ) is an ancient indian word for ` ( metal made into ) coinage ' , and ruble may be related . dinar comes from latin denarius , a coin worth ten asses ( a word related to ace ) . anton sherwood 12 . response : . . . "" real "" was also the name of a old gold or silver coin in the kingdoms of castile , portugal and aragon ( later in spanish america ) . the first dated ' real ' was coined in castile in the middle of the 14th century . they were called ' real ' because they were coined by the crown , in opposition to local coins coined by bishops , counts and noblemen . according to my sources of information ( enciclopedia larousse - spanish version ) , there were ' reals ' in france too . in the 14th century , the iberian peninsula was divided in several territories : three christian kingdoms : castile , aragon and portugal , and a lot of small moorish kingdoms ( called ' taifas ' ) . it is not unlikely , thus , that the name for the ' real ' had been taken in arabic as ' riyal ' . one curiosity : in contemporary spanish , the sentence ' no tengo un real ' ( literally : i have not a real ) means ' i have not a dime ' ( the same in catalan : no tinc un ral ' ) . j . carlos ruiz universitat jaume i castells 13 . response : in the case of brazil 's real , the currency is named after an old currency which was always referred to in the plural as ' reis ' and ' mirreis ' ( thousands ) . ' real ' means ' royal ' , and so does ' reis ' , i suppose . tony berber sardinha university of liverpool 14 . response : ( translated from icelandic : ) the russian word rubl is in no way related to the "" r . . . l "" currencies . in russian the word is _ rubl ' _ ( ' = palatalization ) , and comes from the verb _ rubit ' _ ' chop , hew ' . the explanation is , as far as i know , that the coin was minted by punching it from a metal plate with a special puncher or stamping iron . the "" l "" is not a suffix , as one could expect , but come from * bj , * mj etc . ( labial cons . + j ) , that changed to * bl ' , * ml ' etc . in proto slavic . so , it is ie . * roubh-jo - s , or something like that , that lies behind the rubl . i do n't know about the arabian word _ ri ( y ) al _ ( which i suspect to have a long a : ) . it could very well be of semitic origin , both the number and and type of root consonants ( r-y - l ) , and "" cv - type "" ( cvcvvc , cf . kita : b ' book ' ) could support that . gunnar ol . hansson 15 . response : hinds and badawi 's dict . of egyptian arabic ( 1986 ) indicates that riyaal , twenty piastres or a twenty-piastre piece , derives from spanish real . kirk belnap brigham young university 16 . response : as far as i , as a layperson , know , the word "" real "" in continental spanish was in fact in use until the begining of the 20th century ( my grandmothers used it , as well as my father , in everyday speech ) . i am not sure what portion of a peseta this amount was ( whether it was a portion of a cent or viceversa , i could ask if you want to know ) . i suspect that , at least the word real in portuguese ( or brazilian ) comes from the spanish one , and as you know , the spanish ' real ' means of course ' royal ' . nuria lopez ortega cornell university - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - thank you all . veturlidi oskarsson
",0
1022,"Subject: question : norwegian
 
 to : linguist @ tamv1 . tamu . edu date sent : mon , 21 aug 1995 15 : 38 : 50 dear linguists , could someone help me to find examples representing the difference between the two official standard languages in norway ( nynorsk and bokmal ) . all the textbooks at our library are for bokmal only and i would like to understand the differences and similarities between the two languages . maybe someone could just translate the following sentences into nynorsk : jeg trodde han spilte fiolin . jeg sa en som hang pa veggen . thank you very much for your help ana deumert department of linguistics university of cape town south africa
",0
1023,"Subject: info request
 
 i have been requested my neighbor to see if you can help out on this problem . her father is in the late stages of parkinson 's and is unable to speak . he has been using a spelling board but it has gotten incredibly difficult to work with him because he cannot use shorthand and he cannot recognize when you guess a word that he has been spelling or even when someone tries to complete his sentence . the end result is that he has to spell out every single word of a sentence . she wants to put a list of commonly used words together on his spell board . is there a way to get a list of the most commonly used words ? is there another solution ? jody mcdonough ovation software testing , inc . jody @ ovation . com p . o . box 272 ( 508 ) 481-9930 fax : ( 508 ) 481-9891 southborough , ma 01772
",0
1024,"Subject: french / english neologisms
 
 hi , i am new to the list . and since english is not my first language , i apologize for the mistakes you might find below : - ) . i hope that you won't mind if some of my explanations are in french . for my ph . d . semiotics , i am writing a dissertation on discourse and science-fiction and i need some information about the construction of neologisms in french and in english . ( neologisms are useful in sf , specially in the scientific field ! ) in french , neologisms are made in 5 different ways ( i hope these are the right english words ) : derivation ; composition ; imitation ; pure invention ; amalgam . one might also add borrowings from other languages . here are some examples ( sorry , the explanations are in french ) : - derivation : mot derive : "" position "" peut produire le verbe "" positionner "" ; - composition : mot compose : si "" monotone "" est decompose ( "" mono "" / "" tone "" ) , on peut recomposer "" polytone "" ; a partir de "" telephone "" on peut produire en science-fiction "" videophone "" . - imitation : souvent a partir d ' une onomatopee : a partir de l ' onomatopee "" couac "" on peut parler d ' un "" couac "" ( = un nom ) ; - invention : mot forge : se distingue des autres categories car on ne reconnait dans la morphologie du mot aucun terme existant ( ex . : "" emparouille "" , "" endosque "" , "" pratele "" , "" libucque "" , "" ecorbalise "" - extraits d ' henri michaux ) . cette categorie est contestee car certains pretendent qu ' il est toujours possible de retrouver la racine . - amalgam : mot - valise : reunion de deux mots sur la base d ' une homonymie partielle ; ainsi "" famille "" et "" millionnaire "" peuvent donner "" famillionnaire "" . in the every day french language , the 3 first ( mostly the 2 first ) processes are more frequent and the 2 others are used in the literary ( and humoristic ) discourse . my question ( s ) is ( are ) about the construction of neologisms in english . 1 ) does english use the same processes ? 2 ) even if it does , are the processes of the same importance in both languages ? 3 ) what would be the most frequent ones ? 4 ) what are the major differences ? 5 ) etc . thank you in advance , sylvie berard - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - sylvie berard "" but the fact is , i really , really hate d346215 @ er . uqam . ca housework , even when universite du quebec a montreal someone else is doing it . "" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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1025,"Subject: question : quantitative information
 
 hello , there is someone who knows where can i look for "" quantitative "" information on languages ( e . g . number of words , average number of senses per word , etc . ) . i ' m mostly interested in comparing italian and english but every kind of information you can give me will be appreciated . eventually i will post a summary . thanks in advance , - massimo .
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1026,"Subject: request book information
 
 earlier this morning i was on the phone with a friend of mine living in south america . as we were talking in spanish , he said : "" si voy a la liberi ' a , comprare ' el libro "" which can be rendered into english as "" if i go to the bookstore , i will purchase it "" . i found this expression a bit unusual so i asked him saying that he really meant to say "" si fuese a la libreri ' a , comprari ' a el libro "" or "" if i were to go to the bookstore , i would buy it "" to which he said to me , "" ah , the subjunctive is dead in spanish ! "" . weather this is a matter of subjunctive discussion or not , is something to be left for another time . nevertheless , he mentioned in the course of our conversation that there is a book ( a spanish translation of a french original ) titled something like "" la muerte del subjuntivo "" or "" the demise / death of the subjunctive "" . does any one know of this book ? or books which may deal with similar content ? any and all help will be appreciated . joseph m kozono < kozonoj @ gunet . georgetown . edu >
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1027,"Subject: korean software for macintosh
 
 dear sir / madam , would you please send me any information about korean software for macintosh , iatl proceedings ?
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1028,"Subject: summary : parsing of ambiguous sequences in v2 languages
 
 below is a list of references that i received in response to my query about the parsing of ambiguous svo / ovs sequences in v2 languages . many thanks to the following linguists for their quick and informative replies : gisbert fanselow , edith kaan , inge lasser , ming wei lee , michael meng , weijia ni , herbert schriefers and craig thiersch . @ article { bader94 , author = "" markus bader "" , year = 1994 , title = "" syntactic function ambiguities "" , journal = "" folia linguistica "" , volume = "" 28 / 1 - - 2 "" , pages = "" 5 - - 66 "" , } @ unpublished { bayer / marslen-wilson 92 , author = "" josef bayer and william marslen - wilson "" , year = 1992 , title = "" configurationality in the light of language comprehension : the order of arguments in { g } erman "" , note = "" university of leipzig and birbeck university college london "" , } @ incollection { crocker94 , author = "" matthew w . crocker "" , year = 1994 , title = "" on the nature of the principle-based sentence processor "" , editor = "" c . clifton and lyn frazier and k . rayner "" , booktitle = "" perspectives on sentence processing "" , address = "" new york "" , publisher = "" lawrence erlbaum "" , note = "" only brief discussion of svo vs . ovs "" , } @ unpublished { gorrell95 , author = "" paul gorrell "" , year = 1995 , title = "" parsing theory and word-order variation in { g } erman "" , note = "" ms . , universit { \ "" a } t potsdam "" , } @ book { farke94 , author = "" h . farke "" , year = 1994 , title = "" grammatik und { s } prachverarbeitung . { z } ur { v } erarbeitung syntaktischer { a } mbiguit { \ "" a } ten "" , address = "" opladen "" , publisher = "" westdeutscher verlag "" , } @ incollection { farke / felix94 , author = "" h . farke and sascha w . felix "" , year = 1994 , title = "" subjekt - { o } bjektasymmetrien in der { s } prachverarbeitung "" , editor = "" sascha w . felix and ch . habel and g . rickheit "" , booktitle = "" kognitive { l } inguistik . { r } epr { \ "" a } sentationen und { p } rozesse "" , address = "" opladen "" , publisher = "" westdeutscher verlag "" , } @ article { frazier87 , author = "" lyn frazier "" , year = 1987 , title = "" processing syntactic structures : evidence from { d } utch "" , journal = nllt , volume = 5 , pages = "" 519 - - 559 "" , } @ article { frazier93 , author = "" lyn frazier "" , year = 1993 , title = "" processing { d } utch sentence structures "" , journal = "" journal of psycholinguistic research "" , volume = 22 , pages = "" 83 - - 108 "" , } @ article { frazier / flores89 , author = "" lyn frazier and g . flores d ' arcais "" , year = 1989 , title = "" filler - driven parsing : a study of gap-filling in { d } utch "" , journal = "" journal of memory and language "" , volume = 28 , pages = "" 331 - - 344 "" , } @ mathesis { haverkort86 , author = "" marco haverkort "" , year = 1986 , title = "" parasitic gaps : multiple variable binding , connectedness , { atb } or chain composition "" , school = "" university of nijmegen "" , } @ phdthesis { hemforth92 , author = "" b . hemforth "" , year = 1992 , title = "" kognitives { p } arsing "" , school = "" ruhr - universit { \ "" a } t , bochum "" , } @ incollection { hemforth-et - al93 , author = "" b . hemforth and l . konieczny and g . strube "" , year = 1993 , title = "" incremental syntax processing and parsing strategies "" , booktitle = "" proceedings of the { xv } th annual conference of the { c } ognitive { s } cience { s } ociety "" , address = "" hilldale "" , publisher = "" lawrence erlbaum "" , } @ book { jansen81 , author = "" f . jansen "" , year = 1981 , title = "" syntaktische konstrukties in gesproken taal "" , address = "" amsterdam "" , publisher = "" huis aan de drie grachten "" , } @ incollection { jordens91 , author = "" p . jordens "" , year = 1991 , title = "" linguistic knowledge in second language acquisition "" , editor = "" l . eubank "" , booktitle = "" point counterpoint : { u } niversal { g } rammar in the second language "" , address = "" amsterdam "" , publisher = benjamins , } @ unpublished { kaan93 , author = "" edith kaan "" , year = 1993 , title = "" processing { d } utch main clauses : a self-paced reading study "" , note = "" ms . , university of { g } roningen "" , } @ unpublished { lamers-et - al95 , author = "" m . j . a . lamers and l . a . stowe and th . c . gunter "" , year = 1995 , title = "" parsing { d } utch sentences : { svo } versus { ovs } structure "" , note = "" poster presented at the 8th { cuny } { c } onference on { h } uman { s } entence { p } rocessing , { t } ucson "" , } @ unpublished { mecklinger-et - al-in - press , author = "" a . mecklinger and h . schriefers and k . steinhauer and a . friederici "" , year = "" in press "" , title = "" the processing of relative clauses varying in syntactic complexity and semantic plausibility : an analysis with event related potentials "" , journal = "" memory and cognition "" , volume = "" "" , pages = "" "" , note = "" ms . , university of berlin "" , } @ book { nieuwborg68 , author = "" e . nieuwborg "" , year = 1968 , title = "" de distributie van het onderwerp en het lijdend voorwerp "" , address = "" antwerp "" , publisher = "" plantyn "" , } @ article { schriefers-et - al-in - press , author = "" h . schriefers and a . d . friederici and k . k { \ "" u } hn "" , year = "" in press "" , title = "" the processing of locally ambiguous clauses in { g } erman "" , journal = "" journal of memory and language "" , volume = "" "" , pages = "" "" , } @ article { vincenzi91 , author = "" m . { de vincenzi } "" , year = 1991 , title = "" filler - gap dependencies in a null subject language : referential and nonreferential { wh } s "" , journal = "" journal of psycholinguistic research "" , volume = 20 , pages = "" 197 - - 213 "" , }
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1029,"Subject: re : sapir - whorf and what to tell students these days
 
 here 's what i tell my undergrad and grad students about that same chapter in language files . i . e . , it 's difficult to even judge what 's going on with whorf unless you are simultaneously conversant with linguistics , american indian languages , and at least the insights of modern physics . first , the conclusion that is appropriate is that , as i showed in "" the demise of the whorf hypothesis "" ( berkeley linguistics society , 1978 ? ) , what whorf said has little or generally no relation whatever to the entire body of discussion that comes under the name "" ( sapir - ) whorf hypothesis "" . he showed decades before the critics came up with their own hypotheses , which they failed to name after themselves , that he would never have agreed with their characterization of his thoughts . simple test : read the lf chapter and then ask , "" who created the whorf hypothesis ? "" and a quick way to answer this is : what did whorf himself call it in his two or three references ? he called it the "" principle of linguistic relativity "" or the "" linguistic relativity principle "" . my own reading of whorf never finds the word "" hypothesis "" at all . so - - right off the bat , and this is a good way to teach scientific nomenclature , who turned whorf 's ' principle ' into a ( n ) ' hypothesis ' , and why ? it was n't whorf , because his designation was clear . so what is the difference between the two ? well , a principle is like an axiom in geometry : a starting point which is theoretically unverifiable - - it 's just a starting point . you want something else , you begin from a different starting point , and then you develop your hypotheses from there . next : what does whorf 's "" linguistic relativity principle "" have to do , if anything , with einstein 's "" relativity principle "" ( which i covered in my also bls , 1980 ? , paper , "" is whorf 's relativity einstein 's relativity ? "" ) . ah , now we ' ve gotten to the crux of it - - much against pinker 's stand ( which was copied and intensified in a lingua franca short bio of suzette elgin hayden recently , where a digression found its author saying that whorf cobbled together his theory from a few ill-translated snatches of apache - - echoing a pinker statement and relying on pinker 's quoting whorf correctly , which he did n't , about a canoe on a beach pointwise : which pinker identified as an apache sentence , but which whorf knew quite well was nootka in the pacific northwest rather than apache in the beachless desert ) , whorf was upping the ante on einstein , who argued that euclidian geometry , far from being universal , was applicable only to flat surfaces ; that for round surfaces , which most of reality is made up of , you need non - euclidian geometry . i . e . , when the phenomena change significantly , you have to change the tool you ' re using . well , that 's what whorf said too ( see heisenberg 's lament below ) , except he moved its domain from mathematics to natural human language ; hence : the truly aptly named "" principle of linguistic relativity "" as whorf himself named it . admittedly , this does n't make any sense until you see it in action , in "" an american indian model of the universe , "" where he posits a worldview without our tense / time ( past / present / future diorama or river of time ) , using manifested / manifesting ( plus other synonyms ) instead . that is : sae grammars / cultures give that aforementioned notion of "" time "" , which is supported and maintained by their tense systems ( though , admittedly , english is weird and gets it through the culture side of the language / culture system ) ; the hopi language / culture system has no such image of time , working from a different worldview principle that sees only cyclical , not linear , time - - round , not flat . most of the world 's grammars that have broken out of the latinate mold show that the particular time / tense system of sae is pretty much peculiar to western european languages - - hence a linguistic / cultural ontology of "" time "" as we know and practice it , and not the supposed universal we have so fondly believed it to be . side note : for one who reads whorf closely , he makes five or ten times more universalist statements than relativity statements in his writings , yet he is seen ( and reviled in a chomskyan universalist attitude ) as the relativist par excellent . so right from the get-go we see that 1 ) whorf did n't write and would n't agree with the hypothesis that someone ( s ) named after him ; 2 ) rather than being some deranged crackpot , he was merely literate : whorf was one of the few interdisciplinary thinkers between physics and linguistics in this century ; 3 ) whorf 's relativity principle had something important to do with einstein 's ; and 4 ) whorf was a universalist as well as a relativist - - he just had them in balance , a notable enough rarity in current academe , you must admit . if i may be so bold , alluding to your posting that "" no one has disproved whorf 's mild version of linguistic relativity ( let 's leave ling . determinism aside , or the stronger version . ) "" , even the mild version was n't his ! trace back like i did and you will find that whorf espoused neither strong nor weak versions of determinism , and relativity has nothing to do with determinism when you see it from the physics viewpoint above , as he did . if you read carefully , writers about the whorf hypothesis admit that even whorf did n't hold a strong version of determinism ( so if he did n't , who did ? and if nobody did , why bring it up ? ) , and that all the critics hold the weak version that they dreamed up ( even though whorf would n't hold it because it 's at least weakly deterministic and therefore newtonian ) . so what 's going on ? the problem is that whorf had already , from his acquaintance with physics , moved from newtonian monocausal determinism as an ideal into systems thinking - - where sometimes the opposite of one profound truth is another profound truth , where everything is interdependent , multicausal , interconnected : language shapes culture while culture is shaping language ; language shapes thinking while thinking is shaping language . the cumulative effect of the ( humboldt / boas / sapir - ) whorf hypothesis literature has been primarily to throw up a smokescreen around his ideas so that people , including grad students in linguistics , psychology , anthropology and sociology , won't read him in the original ( english ! ) . i tell my grad students that if they want to really find out what their discipline is about , go find out who their discipline is beating up on and read them ; and if you are so lucky as me to find someone that four major academic disciplines are ganging up on - - you know you ' ve hit a goldmine ! what in the world could be so important that four academic disciplines create a combined smokescreen ? because so few linguists in this century have availed themselves of the changes in thinking about reality that physics has been broadcasting during this entire century , few linguists are even qualified to step into what they did n't realize was an interdisciplinary debate in the history of ideas which whorf felt so comfortable in . i ' ll explain . i ' ll give you a synopsis of a talk i intend to give at a 100th birthday conference for benjamin whorf , which i intend to get funding for and hold in the bay area in spring 1997 . i call it "" heisenberg 's lament . "" you see , early in this century , that ' uncertain ' heisenberg was among the first to gain a ' glimpse ' into the subatomic world ; and , having done so , he rendered his opinion that , regarding the subatomic realm , "" we have reached the limits of our language . "" he said this for two reasons : 1 ) no matter how glibly western scientists talk about electrons , protons , neutrons , quarks , etc . , when we look into that realm there are no ' things ' , only processes and relationships ; but in order to make sense ( i . e . , complete sentences ) in sae languages , we need nouns - - and there 's nothing in the subatomic realm that you can , except willy-nilly , attach nouns to . and 2 ) given that , our most fundamental scientific terms such as "" same "" and "" different "" are useless . he did n't know then , and physics does n't know now , whether there are gazillions of electrons or just one electron with gazillions of manifestations . we have reached the limits of our language . fast - forward a few decades and whorf hears this in his physics classes at yale ( he has unpublished manuscripts on gravity in the yale archives ) , and ponders : hm , i wonder if this has anything to do with what prof . sapir said the other day about hopi not needing nouns to express ordinary propositions - - just "" rehpi "" , "" flashed "" , instead of "" it "" or "" the / a light flashed "" : because when you come right down to it , how is the flashing different from the light ? is "" light "" just a convenient grammatical fiction foisted upon us by sae grammar ? and as he pondered ' light ' being noun or verb , particle or wave , depending on how it 's viewed , he saw the universe in the same way , with different cultures taking different positions on the question . in this case , since hopi did n't seem to take too seriously the absence of nouns , perhaps , whorf surmised , hopi could be of use for physicists in exploring and reporting back about the quantum world , that realm that did n't have thingy nouns . fast - forward another few decades and physicist david bohm reads whorf ( which i confirmed personally in talking to him ) , and then , * in response * ( my attribution ) , writes _ wholeness and the implicate order _ , in which he , among other things , tries to make english more verby and performative in the "" rheomode "" - - a brilliant flop ; and then launches on the scientific community a view of the universe which does not contain our familiar notions of past / present / future time , but instead an implicate and explicate order of reality - - an "" inny / outty "" notion where the future is inside us working outward instead of some vague distant goal we are headed toward . an email acquaintance pointedly asked me what the difference was between bohm 's terminology and whorf 's terminology ; it took me 6 months to finally answer that there was none , except the hopis had had theirs for millennia longer . and then it hit me ! bohm , in his own maverick way , appropriated whorf 's answer to heisenberg 's lament in "" an american indian model of the universe "" and substituted more scientifically acceptable terminology ( implicate / explicate rather than manifesting / manifested ) to see how the notion of a universe without linear time would fly in the modern physics and academic community - - and it had qualified success . but - - bohm was no closer to knowing whether whorf had been accurate in his description of hopi than he had been before writing the book . and there had been so much bad press on the guy ! how was one to know , ultimately ? and here 's the part that almost no-one knows so far . in 1991 , in the last few months of his life , david bohm launched his most ambitious thought experiment to date : with some other physicists and a few psychologists and linguists , and sponsored by the fetzer institute , he enticed recognized american indian intellectual leaders ( and some of their elders ) to join in dialogue together in what i can only describe as a roundabout way of asking american indians whether whorf was accurate in his description of the ' timeless ' hopi worldview . but it became so much more ! the american indian leaders there had previously read bohm 's book and others , but the physicists knew nothing about native american worldviews and native american science methodologies , so the indians had to build a bridge over to them in private meetings before the three public days on the themes of time , space and language . during the day on time , whorf 's description of hopi came up , was read out loud , and discussed , though i do n't remember any hopis being present ; nevertheless , the other american indians present , mostly of algonquian tribes , gave what can only be called ' independent verification ' in scientific terminology by saying essentially : well , i can't speak for the hopi people , but that 's pretty much the way we do it . in fact , of the many whorf passages read or discussed in these dialogues , the physicists and the american indians present were usually willing to give whorf his points ( proving again , perhaps , the difficulty of being a prophet in one 's own country / discipline ! ) . but we ' re not done yet - - the best is yet to come - - the actual conclusion of heisenberg 's lament ! at the beginning of the first dialogue it was clear that the quantum physicists had their favorite realm to explore and talk about , and the american indians also had their own favorite realm . as we dialogued , it began becoming clear that those favorite realms had some fundamental principles in common : the only constant is flux ; everything that exists vibrates ; everything is interconnected such that the part implicates the whole . in fact , it became crystal clear that the last major obstacle to these realms being the same realm was really only terminological : the physicists are used to calling it "" the subatomic realm "" whereas the american indians for millennia have been calling it "" the spirit realm "" . now that 's a big enough surprise - - that modern physics is knocking on the door of spirit without really meaning to - - but not big enough , so now let 's take it home ! it puzzled the physicists just how the american indians should have foreknowledge of a realm they should n't know about , that the western scientific infrastructure had just recently led us to - - and the indians had no such scientific infrastructure ! and as the physicists gradually understood that , like hopi , the algonquian grammatical structures do not demand nouns , do not demand fictitious actors to embody actions ( that , as my mikmaq and blackfoot friends tell me , they can talk all day long in those languages and never utter a single ' noun ' ! ) , they finally had to admit that such languages were indeed much better suited to exploring that realm and reporting back than sae languages - - whorf 's reply to heisenberg 's lament was verified and agreed upon . when the phenomena of reality change in a dramatic way , you need to change the tool you ' re using . now , of course , the physicists were left with an even larger puzzle , to wit : how is it that these american indians have a language much better suited than sae languages to investigate and describe the inner workings of the subatomic realm - - a realm they are n't even supposed to know about ! ? ! as you can see by now , pinker - - like all other facile critics and unindicted co-creators of the so-called hypothesis - - is out of his league altogether in attempting to characterize a major player in one of the most important interdisciplinary discussions ever in the history of ideas . pinker , like chomsky , loves logic ( which grows out of the grammar of sae languages just as the philosophy of ' karma ' grew out of the grammar of ancient sanskrit , where it was used earliest as the linguistics term for 'd irect object ' ! ! ) , but has never really gotten with the program this century to replace binary / dualistic thinking with multivariable / multicausal / interdependent systems thinking . whorf heard the call , way back then , and may yet prove to have been an entire century ahead of his time in linguistics . even though we can think in systems for phonology and grammar , we have a tough time doing it for "" language and thought "" ; we feel we have to make them bipolar opposites such that they are distinct and one causes the other invariantly ; that 's why i so admired how slobin finally lost those monolithic terms and framed the question instead in terms of "" thinking for speaking "" - - the at least one kind of thinking where your thinking is very much at the mercy of the forms and categories of your language , per whorf . so tell your students , as i do , that the only way to get to the bottom of what whorf did or did not say is to read his essays in _ language , thought & reality _ for themselves , perhaps with the above thoughts as a guideline , and then figure out for themselves whether the sapir - whorf hypothesis smokescreen makes any sense .
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1030,"Subject: call for contributions
 
 call for contributions : _ concepts and practice of network - based language teaching _ mark warschauer , university of hawaii at manoa richard kern , university of california at berkeley we are submitting a proposal to cambridge university press applied linguistics series ( series editors michael long and jack richards ) for an edited volume on the concepts and practice of computer network-based language teaching ( i . e . , involving the internet , local area networks , or other forms of electronic communication ) . it is intended that the book will be solidly based on second language acquisition theory and research and that its principle audience will be faculty and graduate students ( e . g . , as a text in graduate courses in applied linguistics , tesol , and foreign language education ) . we are seeking two types of chapter submissions : ( 1 ) critical analyses of the concepts of network-based teaching as they relate to aspects of language acquistion theory or educational theory ( for example , consideration of relationships of network-based language teaching to cognitive , psycholinguistic , sociolinguistic , sociocultural , literary , or critical pedagogical theories ) . ( 2 ) theoretically - grounded empirical studies of the practice of network-based teaching . chapters on classroom practice should include a review of the literature , a detailed description of the research methods used , an in-depth analysis and discussion of the data , and implications for teaching and future research . analyses can be qualititative or quantitative , and can explore multiple types of variables ( e . g . , process , product , cognitive , social , affective , contextual ) . timeline / deadlines : 1 . dec . 1 , 1996 : notification of interest please send an email message to mark warschauer ( mark @ hawaii . edu ) or richard kern ( kernrg @ uclink . berkeley . edu ) notifying us of your possible interest in submitting an abstract as well as the likely topic . 2 . jan . 15 , 1996 : submission of abstract please send one packet to each editor including : one page with the title of your abstract and your and your contact information ( address , telephone , e-mail , and fax number ) ; one page with the title and abstract of the proposed chapter ( maximum 1 - 2 pages , single spaced ) ; your complete cv , including previous publications one copy to : one copy to : mark warschauer richard kern esl dept , moore 570 department of french 1890 east - west road university of california , berkeley university of hawaii berkeley , ca 94720-2580 honolulu , hi 96816 3 . feb . 15 , 1996 : notification about status of abstract 4 . sept . 1 , 1996 : manuscripts submitted to editors ( warschauer / kern ) ( hard copy and diskette , in apa format ) 5 . oct . 1 , 1996 : initial editorial response ( by warschauer / kern ) to manuscripts 6 . dec . 15 , 1996 : revised manuscripts due 7 . feb 1 , 1997 : book manuscript submitted to cambridge university press applied linguistics series editors ( expected publication date , 9-12 months later ) the editors : mark warschauer is a researcher at the national foreign language resource center of the university of hawaii . his publications include _ e - mail for english teaching : bringing the internet and computer learning networks into the language classroom _ ( tesol publications , 1995 ) and _ virtual connections : online activities & projects for networking language learners _ ( university of hawaii , in press ) . richard kern is assistant professor of french and director of the french language program at the university of california at berkeley . his research interests include reading and writing in a foreign language and the use of networked computers to facilitate communicative language use . he has published articles in the modern language journal , foreign language annals , canadian modern language review , and studies in second language acquisition . thank you very much for your interest . we hope that this book will play an important role in bringing together the most advanced research on this topic and making it available to faculty , researchers , graduate students , and interested teachers . we are looking forward to hearing from you and to receiving your abstracts . mark warschauer richard kern university of hawaii university of california , berkeley markw @ hawaii . edu kernrg @ uclink . berkeley . edu
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1031,"Subject: sum : german / english translation software
 
 a little while ago i posted a query about peoples 's experience with power translator ( professional ) software for german - english translation . here is my colleague 's summary of responses via this and other lists . 1 . a second hand comment that someone working in art history had found it unsatisfactory 2 . another said that the canadian government uses the power professional ( french ) programme for translation work 3 . another said that the french version gave quite comical or incomprehensible results , but this was on the basic version , not the professional . one conspicuous difficulty was with words which can have the same form as different parts of speech ( eg gerunds ) ; another was variant word order . 4 . someone said ( another second hand comment ) that it was "" ok for the first cut "" . 5 . a response from the correspondent of an owner of the basic german programme who sent some samples with commentary , showing that as long as you knew both languages and edited the text during translation the results could be satisfactory , but whether the degree of efficiency offsets the time taken to use the programme was not apparent . this correspondent referred to it as a "" toy "" . 6 . a response from an academic who worked on the ibm translation product who referred to a german computer journal which rated the ibm programme slightly better ( and cheaper ) than the power professional . the reference is _ dos die pc zeitschrift _ 8 ' 95 pp128 - 132 . it is apparent that simple constructions and explicit vocabulary translate more accurately than the complex and allusive , so the satisfaction given will depend very much on the nature of the task and the needs or expectations of the user . for scanning large volumes of print to ascertain the general subject matter these programmes are probably quite satisfactory ; for accurate translations , interactive operation by a translation-competent person would seem to be necessary . i have not yet decided to buy one of these programmes : i await a sales person who is prepared to run the risk of a trial translation on text supplied by me . no satisfied user came forward . andrew carstairs - mccarthy department of linguistics , university of canterbury , private bag 4800 , christchurch , new zealand phone + 64 - 3-364 2211 ; home phone + 64 - 3-355 5108 fax + 64 - 3-364 2065 e-mail a . c-mcc @ ling . canterbury . ac . nz
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1032,"Subject: re : 6 . 1143 , disc : kinship terms
 
 i am not qualified to speak about english in general , but i have observed that some of the argument is based on statements that are not universally true . i do n't know the source of the usage , but in my family we call children by the same type of term about equally . that is , i am as likely to yell "" daughter , you have a phone call "" as "" son , get down the stairs and do the dishes "" . similarly , i use both terms to indicate closeness : "" nice job , son "" , "" good one , daughter ! "" . my husband has ( i think ) picked it up from me , but my brother 's family does this too . carolyn ostrander clostran @ mailbox . syr . edu
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1033,"Subject: escol ' 95
 
 * preliminary program and registration information for escol ' 95 * eastern states conference on linguistics ( escol ' 95 ) dartmouth college hanover , new hampshire novmember 3 - 5 , 1995 friday , november 3 , 1995 session i : syntax 9 : 15 korean a - chains and the chain condition kwangho lee , university of minnesota 9 : 45 copy raising in igbo and the theory of feature - checking hiroyuki ura , mit 10 : 15 on the necessity of a cooperian treatment of e - type pronouns koji hoshi , university of rochester / mit session ii : phonology 11 : 00 on phonotactic interactions : loss of directionality in sanskrit fumiko kumashiro , university of california , san diego 11 : 30 underspecification and parametric variation in fon vowel harmony steven gross , university of south carolina 12 : 00 absolute neutralization and underspecification in hungarian vowel harmony deborah schmidt , university of georgia session iii : syntax 2 : 30 inverted subjects in french , nominative case - checking and expletive pro in antisymmetric minimalism j . m . de wind , university of amsterdam 3 : 00 asymmetric object positions david basilico , university of alabama at birmingham 3 : 30 a constraint on a - positions and the projection principle lynn nichols , harvard university session iv : discourse 4 : 30 np - internal focus and contextually relevant sets mary wu , university of illinois at urbana - champaign 5 : 00 the discourse representation of temporal ' then ' ellen thompson , university of maryland 5 : 30 implicature as cognition robert knippen , university of chicago 8 : 00 invited speaker : james mccawley , "" an overview of the syntax of ' apposition ' in english "" november 4 , 1995 session v : semantics 9 : 00 the ambiguity of plural individuals eun - joo kwak , brown university 9 : 30 an indexical account of ' certain ambiguities ' christopher kennedy , university of california , santa cruz 10 : 00 adicity , causation , and lexical aspect grace song , northwestern university 10 : 30 all oppositions are not equipollent : privative aspect features mari broman olsen , northwestern university 11 : 15 invited speaker : elizabeth cowper , "" features of tense "" session vi : syntax 2 : 15 on the existence of overt qr keun - won sohn , university of connecticut 2 : 45 licensing conditions for sentential subjects : implications for a theory of lexical insertion william d . davies , university of iowa , and stanley dubinsky , university of south carolina 3 : 15 replacing the csc ed zoerner , university of california , irvine session vii : psycholinguistics 4 : 00 phonological influences on conceptual and syntactic encoding janet rowe , university of toronto 4 : 30 systematic biases in syntactic categorization barbara luka , university of chicago 5 : 00 on the relationship between gestures and acoustic aspects of speech shuichi nobe , university of chicago session viii : phonology 4 : 00 syntactic constraints on intonational phrasing josef taglicht , hebrew university of jerusalem 4 : 30 feature geometry , spread coronal , and economy of derivation jeong - seok kim , university of connecticut 5 : 00 glottal consonants and the ' sonority ' hierarchy donald g . churma and yili shi , ball state university 5 : 45 invited speaker : kathryn bock , "" producing agreement "" 7 : 00 party november 5 , 1995 session ix : phonology 9 : 00 the stress - epenthesis paradox in arabic samira farwaneh , university of utah 9 : 30 variation as optimality in marshallese word - initial geminates chang - kook suh , university of arizona 10 : 00 an ot account of length and consonant behavior in italian syllabification naomi nagy , university of pennsylvania , and donna jo napoli , swarthmore college 10 : 30 neutralization and strengthening processes in korean sechang lee , university of southern california session x : syntax 9 : 00 the matching parameter and the pro - drop parameter roumyana izvorski , university of pennsylvania 9 : 30 on the derivation of sluicing milagrosa ramos - santacruz , georgetown university 10 : 00 null case and certain differences between french and english zeljus bosuovic , university of connecticut 10 : 30 on crossing a - dependencies eric haeberli , university of geneva 11 : 00 break 11 : 15 invited speaker : douglas pulleyblank , to be announced * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * escol ' 95 pre - registration form please return to : escol ' 95 registration program in linguistics 6086 reed dartmouth college hanover , nh 03755 pre - registration deadline : september 15 , 1995 ( must be received by this date ) late registrations will be charged the on-site fee . we regret that we are unable to refund fees to registrants who cannot attend . the conference fee includes entrance to all sessions , a registration packet , breakfast and coffee breaks , and admission to the escol ' 95 banquet / party . name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mailing address ( now through november 1995 ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ student : _ _ _ _ $ 20 [ on-site $ 25 ] non - student : _ _ _ _ $ 30 [ on-site $ 40 ] make checks payable in us $ to dartmouth college .
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1034,"Subject: tree macros for latex
 
 i wonder which tex / latex macros linguists use to draw tree structures . i tried tree . sty which was written by edward m . reingold and nachum dershowitz and uses the pictex macros . it works fine but does not do kerning , which means that tree nodes are arranged geometrically as in a ) , not as in b ) , for example ( note the position of the topic node ) : a ) b ) ip ip / \ / \ topic i ' topic i ' / \ / \ fp i + v fp i + v / \ / \ f ' focus f ' focus / \ / \ aspp f aspp f ( example taken from a handout paper by miriam butt and tracy holloway king ) is there a tree macro that draws trees like in b ) ? thanks for your help , i ' ll post the results . karl - michael schneider department of general linguistics university of passau , germany
",0
1035,"Subject: palatal on-glides
 
 does anyone know of any language ( s ) with more than one type of unrounded palatal on-glide between consonant and vowel , e . g . , [ i ] vs [ j ] vs [ ji ] as in [ kan ] vs [ kian ] vs [ kjan ] vs [ kjian ] the reason for my asking is because middle chinese is often assumed to have such a four-way contrast - - i personally do not think such a contrast is possible , but i 'd like to check with people working with other language families before i jump to any conclusions . by the way , the notation in square brackets is phonetic , rather than phonemic ; so interpreting the [ kj ] sequence as a palatal affricate will not do . wenchao
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1036,"Subject: qs : language attitude studies ( german )
 
 can anybody who has done ( or knows about ) current research on language attitudes in a 's tandard / non-standard variety setting ' please contact me . i have just started a thesis on ' attitudes towards "" hochdeutsch "" in southern germany ' and i would like to find out more about recent ( 1990 + ) research on language attitude studies , especially in the german - speaking area . thank you anne hof ( german dept . , university of manchester ) mflugah @ fs1 . art . man . ac . uk
",0
1037,"Subject: workshop on focus - 1st call for papers
 
 1st call for papers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * workshop on focus * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * university of massachusetts , amherst december 8-10 , 1995 guest speakers : eva hajicova , carles univ . prague barbara partee , umass amherst elizabeth selkirk , umass amherst petr sgall , charles univ . prague the department of linguistics and the glsa ( graduate linguistics student association ) at the university of massachusetts at amherst invite submissions of abstracts for the * * workshop on focus * * , an interdisciplinary workshop on the role of focus in grammar . it intends to cover diverse areas of formal linguistics , such as phonetics , phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics , pragmatics , and psycholinguistics . each talk is 30 min . long , followed by a 10 min . discussion . the proceedings of the workshop will be published as a special volume of umop ( university of massachusetts occasional papers ) from glsa . please send 6 copies of an anonymous abstract , maximum 2 pages long including references , tables , diagrams , and examples . fonts should be no smaller than 12 points , and at least 1 inc margin on all sides . the abstract should arrive at the address below by * * october 2 , 1995 * * . no email or fax submissions are accepted . along with the abstract , enclose an index card ( 3 "" x5 "" ) with title of paper , author 's name , affiliation , address , telephone number , and e-mail address . workshop on focus organizing committee department of linguistics south college university of massachusetts amherst , ma 01003 for further information , fax 1-413 - 545 27 92 email focus @ linguist . umass . edu
",0
1038,"Subject: re : amharic
 
 i am doing independent study on the rift valley of africa . amharic is a dialect spoken in that area , primarily eithiopia . i am trying to assertain what certain words would be in that language . for example , - - lion - - death - - baby - - water - - man - - woman - - family . any help would be appreciated ed . wagner
",0
1039,"Subject: risk
 
 a colleague and i are researching the differing degrees of risk perceived by our hong kong students in different contexts where spoken english is required . we would be interested to find out more about research in the area of risk-taking in language learning . so far we have n't come up with much . can anyone help here ?
",0
1040,"Subject: simultaneous prepositions and postpositions in pashto
 
 i ' m looking for analyses of nominal constructions ( in any language ) in which the np has _ both _ a preposition and a postposition . for example , pashto has constructions like the following , from herbert penzl , _ a grammar of pashto _ ( washington , d . c . : american council of learned societies , 1955 ) , p . 41 : we sarri te to man to ' to the man ' the preposition is sometimes optional , though the postposition is obligatory . since pashto is head-final ( the unmarked word order is sov ) , it 's tempting to take the postposition at face-value . however , there are some binding facts that suggest that a phrase containing an np + postposition is referential , and so it might be possible to analyze the postposition as some kind of case marker . i understand that there may be such a distinction between homophonous case markers and postpositions in japanese , for example . i 'd be grateful if anyone could suggest any articles that deal with these constructions . and if there are other linguists who are studying pashto , i 'd like to hear from you . thanks for any help ! taylor roberts < troberts @ mit . edu >
",0
1041,"Subject: call : lowlands - l discussion list
 
 in may of this year the discussion list lowlands - l was founded . since then , over 180 people have subscribed to this list , which is intended as a forum for discussion about ( and in ) the languages and cultures of the lowlands bordering the north sea and the baltic sea . more specifically : about dutch , low german , frisian , afrikaans , english , scots , and their dialects . new subscribers are invited , native speakers of the lowlands languages , as well as students of a lowlands language , professional linguists , as well as anyone else who takes an interest in the lowlands . in order to subscribe , please send a message with the following text : subscribe lowlands - l firstname lastname ( enter your own name here ) to the following address : listproc @ lists . u . washington . edu you will then receive a welcome message that provides all necessary information about the list procedures . regards , reinhard f . hahn ( rhahn @ u . washington . edu ) henk wolf ( h . a . y . wolf @ stud . let . ruu . nl ) ( moderators lowlands - l )
",0
1042,"Subject: bu conf on language development ' 95 - announcement
 
 20th annual boston university conference on language development november 3 , 4 , 5 , 1995 keynote speaker : lila gleitman plenary speaker : lydia white sessions include first and second language acquisition of syntax , morphology , phonology , lexical and conceptual knowledge , discourse , narrative and literacy , social and cultural aspects of language use , as well as exceptional language , language processing , and bilingualism . ninety papers are scheduled to be presented . all conference sessions will be held on the boston university campus in the george sherman union , 775 commonwealth avenue , boston . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * for more information : a preliminary program , pre-registration form , and information about hotels , discounts on domestic air fares , and child care arrangements , are available via e-mail . if you send a message to info @ louis-xiv . bu . edu you will receive an automated reply that contains these materials . these materials are also sent by regular mail to those who are on our mailing list ( speakers are urged to wait to pre-register until they receive that mailing ) . anyone who plans to attend the conference is advised to make hotel arrangements as soon as possible . if you have any questions , or if you would like to add your address to our regular mailing list or inform us of a change in address , please send e-mail to langconf @ louis-xiv . bu . edu , phone 617-353 - 3085 , or write to : boston university conference on language development 138 mountfort street brookline , ma 02146-4083 * * should you find yourself on the conference schedule , and you have not yet received an acceptance letter concerning details , please contact us by e-mail immediately so that we can send you a virtual copy of the details . we mailed out our reply letters to all authors on every submission on aug . 11th , but as of the 24th , many submitters had still not received their letters . we apologize for the inconvenience .
",0
1043,"Subject: 
 
 computational ling bengt sigurd ( ed ) computerized grammars for analysis and machine translation travaux de l ' institut de linguistique de lund 29 , 1994 , 148 pp . computational linguistics us $ 30 distributed by lund university press , box 141 , s-221 00 lund , sweden ( isbn 91-7966 - 304 - 4 ) chartwell - bratt ltd , old orchard , bickley road , bromley , kent br1 2ne , uk ( isbn 0-86238 - 383 - 8 ) this book presents grammars developed within the swedish machine translation project swetra . the grammars are original contributions but are based on different features of grammatical theories , above all diderichsen 's field grammar , tg , gpsg and gb . the grammars are implemented in prolog ( dcg ) . the basic languages treated are swedish and english , but japanese , russian , indonesian and mapudungu are also touched upon . phonology & phonetics watt , david l . e . the phonology and semology of intonation in english : an instrumental and systemic perspective . 1994 . 192 pp . 6x9 book , prepaid us $ 20 . 00 + 3 . 50 p&h ( us ) / 5 . 00 ( can ) / 5 . 50 ( other ) . iulc publications , 720 e . atwater ave . , bloomington in 47401 . < iulc @ indiana . edu > . intonation . watt presents an extensive study of intonation and its meaning potential from a systemic functional perspective , advancing halliday 's description of intonation . includes over 250 instrumentally derived illustrations of examples from original tape recordings , cited examples and recordings of casual conversations . lang acquisition philip , william . ( university of massachusetts , amherst ) ; event quantification in the acquisition of universal quantification , pb . xi + 221 pp . ph . d . dissertation , 1995 . $ 16 + s / h ( $ 3 domestic , $ 4 foreign surface ) . graduate linguistic student association ( glsa ) , umass , amherst . this dissertation investigates a robust phenomenon of nonadult-like comprehension performance found in an early stage of the acquisition of universal quantification , and shows how this phenomenon relates to the principles governing the linguistic representation of universal quantification in adult grammar . in so doing , the dissertation also establishes a body of psycholinguistic evidence in support of the general ( davidsonian ) thesis that in natural language there is quantification over individual events as well as quantification over individual objects . for further information , contact glsa @ linguist . umass . edu . the acquisition of the lexicon edited by lila gleitman and barbara landau a special edition of lingua - - a bradford book the mit press $ 39 . 95 paper to order : < mitpress-orders @ mit . edu > or 800 . 356 . 0343 or 617 . 625 . 8569 interdisciplinary essay collection on the aquisition of vocabulary in infants , with emphasis on linguisitics and psycholinguistics . available for discussion .
",0
1044,"Subject: 
 
 syntax the antisymmetry of syntax richard s . kayne linguistic inquiry monograph twenty - five the mit press $ 17 . 95 paper , $ 35 . 95 cloth to order : < mitpress-orders @ mit . edu > or 800 . 356 . 0343 or 617 . 625 . 8569 prposes a restrictive theory of word order and phrase structure , where the latter always entirely determines linear order . available for discussion . semantics unaccusativity at the syntax - lexical semantics interface by beth levin and malka rappaport hovav linguistic inquiry monograph twenty - six the mit press $ 19 . 95 paper , $ 39 . 95 cloth to order : < mitpress-orders @ mit . edu > or 800 . 356 . 0343 or 617 . 625 . 8569 builds on theory of lexical semantic representation , and elucidates mapping from lexical semantics to syntax . available for discussion .
",0
1045,"Subject: summary of names of days
 
 dear linguists , in the december 15 issue of linguist i posted a request for examples of deictic expressions for the names of days either side of "" today "" . here is the summary of what i obtained . the response was overwhelming - a total of 70 linguist subscribers sent replies . many , many thanks to all of you who contributed . quite a number of respondents supplied information on two or more languages . there was some duplication of languages , namely japanese , mandarin chinese , danish , french , german , russian and hindi . i now have examples of 48 languages , they are : anejom ( vanuatu ) , a = fee a = fee ( solomon is ) , azerbaijani turkish , basque , bauan ( standard fijian ) , brazilian portuguese , bulgarian , czech , danish , dutch , english , erromagan ( vanuatu ) , estonian , finnish , french , german , hausa , hawai ` ian , hindustani , ipili ( png ) , italian , japanese , kamhmu ? ( vietnam ) , ki - swahili , kope ( png ) , korean , lao / phasa iisaan , lenakel ( vanuatu ) , madarin chinese , malay , mauritian / seychelles creole , modern greek , modern hebrew , norwegian , polish , quechua , rumanian , russian , samoan , serbo - croatian , slovene , sulka ( png ) , swedish , taiwanese , thai , welsh . my original interest in collecting such deictic expressions stems from a general interest in symmetry in language and language systems . most languages exhibit a symmetry in the number of deictic expressions for diurnal units either side of "" today "" , however , some exhibit an asymmetry . c . s . levinson ( pragmatics , 1983 : 75 ) reports , "" the amerindian language chinantec has four named days either side of today ; japanese has three days back from today , and two ahead ; hindi has the same word for yesterday and tomorrow . "" ( levinson gleaned this information from : fillmore , c . j . ( 1975 ) . santa cruz lectures on deixis , 1971 . mimeo , indiana university linguistics club . ) i have not personally been able to get a hold of this the fillmore reference - living in the academically isolated south seas does have some drawbacks ! if any of you have a copy of this publication , i would be very interested in obtaining photocopies of the section on ` time deixis ' . of course , i will reimburse you for the cost of postage and photocopying . anyway , a symmetrical deictic system of diurnal units / spans seems to me logical , though i ' m not sure i can verbalise the reasons . the reported asymmetry in the japanese system seemed to me a bit odd . especially that the asymmetry was lop-sided towards the past ( see below for reasons ) . upon further examination , i discovered that the japanese deictic system for diurnal units does seem to be symmetrical ; it has + 3 and - 3 either side of the present diurnal span . the expression ` siasatte / yanoasatte ' meaning + 3 days from "" today "" is not known to quite an number of native speakers of japanese . they appear to be used infrequently and ` yanoasatte and yaneasatte ' are considered to be dialectal ( at least in relation to the tokyo dialect ) . indeed , the lecturer in japanese in my department ( herself a native speaker of japanese ) was not aware of these expressions until she looked them up in her dictionary . another interesting consideration in all of this is the question as to the number of diurnal units before and after today that languages recognise . what is the maximum / minimum number of units ? also , what is the average number of units ( or most popular system ) ? answers to these questions ( based on my small sample ) below . one respondent asked the following very interesting question : "" if you reach the level of , let 's say , 5 ( days after present diurnal span ) , does this also have the non-specific reading ` at some point in the not-to - far-away future ' in those languages ? "" the only language in my small corpus that has + 5 and - 5 diurnal units in its system is erromangan ( vanuatu ) . i will have to ask my source for erromangan to answer this question . there is an inherent problem in determining the number expressions for diurnal units . this is determining whether the expressions are lexemes or phrases . many languages seem to have "" lexicalised "" ( for want of a better term ) prepositional / nominal phrases . other languages , like for example the english expression ` the day before yesterday ' , have retained the phrase structure . one respondent supplied me with a lengthy discussion on the lexeme / phrase issue . she cites the case of bulgarian ( i hope she won't mind my including her discussion here ) : [ begin quote ] bulgarian presents an [ interesting ] situation with regard to the phrase / lexeme issue because it does n't have a real nominal case paradigm : onzi den - 2 ( lit . "" that / yonder day "" ) vchera - 1 dnes 0 present diurnal span utre + 1 vdrugi den + 2 ( lit . "" other day "" ) so the same form ' pozavchera ' in bulgarian ( with stress on the penultimate syllable ; russian ' pozavchera ' has stress on the final syllable ) perhaps does n't look as strange because one would n't expect ' po ' to require any particular case ending . however , again we have what looks like a preposition with an adverb , which should not exist as a phrase . bulgarian "" tomorrow "" is ' utre ' . but "" the day after tomorrow "" is ' vdrugiden ' - - i . e . , the phrase ' v drugi den ' ( lit . "" on ( the ) other day "" , written without spaces in between the individual words . should this be considered a word simply on orthographic grounds , though ? is it a prepositional phrase or an adverb ? of course the boundary between prepositional phrases and adverbs is very fuzzy to begin with . bulgarian "" the day before yesterday "" , in contrast , is what looks like a noun phrase : ' onja den ' - - "" that day "" . no preposition ' v ' ( "" on "" ) here . so should this be considered just an np or a prepositional phrase ? ' onja den ' is used the same way as ' vdrugiden ' - - ' vidjax go onja den ' - - "" i saw him [ on ] the day before yesterday "" . it seems to me that what 's written as a noun phrase here is really an adverb , like ' vdrugiden ' or like russian ' pozavchera ' and ' poslezavtra ' , the only difference being that the other three adverbs are formed from prepositional phrases while ' onja den ' has no preposition . it would sound strange to call it a prepositional phrase , because , unlike ' vdrugiden ' , it contains no preposition . so i would call it an adverbial phrase . ( time expressions in slavic languages are commonly in the accusative , and that may be the origin of ' onja den ' , but since modern bulgarian has lost its nominal case paradigm for the most part this makes it harder to determine the status of phrases like this one . ( cf . russian ' kazhduju nedelju ' ( "" each - acc week - acc "" ) , which means "" every week "" in an adverbial sense . ) bulgarian does n't have specific words for "" the day before the day before yesterday "" - - that would be , i think , ' v denja predi onja den ' ( "" on the day before the day before yesterday "" ) , but of course speakers would avoid that and just would say ' predi dva dena ' ( "" two days ago "" , lit . "" before two days "" ) . the same would be true for ' vdrugiden ' - - ' v denja sled vdrugiden ' is conceivably possible ( "" on the day after the-day - after-tomorrow "" ) , but speakers would say 's led dva dena ' ( "" in / after two days "" ) . so i think it may be very difficult here to draw a demarcation line here between the grammatical categories of words vs . phrases . [ end of quote ] quite a number of languages ( especially slavonic and germanic languages ) allow recursion of prepositions / prefixes to "" add on "" to the already existing deictic expressions . the extent to which this recursion can be practiced is limited only by pragmatic constraints . here are some nice examples : rumanian : ras-ras - ras-alaltaieri ( ? ) - 5 ras-ras - alaltaieri ( ? ) - 4 ras-alaltaieri - 3 alaltaieri - 2 ieri - 1 azi / astazi 0 present diurnal span miine + 1 poimiine + 2 ras-poimiine + 3 ras-ras - poimiine ( ? ) + 4 ras-ras - ras-poimiine ( ? ) + 5 etc . dutch : ( eer-eergisteren ) + 3 eergisteren + 2 gisteren - 1 vandaag 0 present diurnal span morgen + 1 overmorgen + 2 ( over-overmorgen ) + 3 danish : ( i for-forgars - 3 ) i forgars - 2 i gar - 1 i dag 0 present diurnal span i morgen + 1 i overmorgen + 2 ( i over-overmorgen + 3 the - 3 and + 3 forms are rather colloquial , but nevertheless perfectly idiomatic . further recursions of prefixes / prepositions are only used in jocular ways , and predominantly by children . finally , if you have read this far , you are about to be rewarded with a summary of the data i have at this point . number of diurnal units either side of "" today "" : symmetrical deictic systems - 1 0 + 1 no examples - 2 - 1 0 + 1 + 2 23 examples - 3 - 2 - 1 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 14 examples - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 3 examples - 5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 1 example - erromangan ( vanuatu ) asymmetrical deictic systems - 2 - 1 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 3 examples - 2 - 1 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 1 example - malay - 2 - 1 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 1 example - hausa - 3 - 2 - 1 0 + 1 + 2 1 example - colloquial spanish ( southern spain ) it 's interesting to note that no language in the sample employs the - 1 0 + 1 system . and the majority of asymmetrical systems are lop-sided towards the + side of the present diurnal span . why this should be so , i do n't know . however , this sample is very small and perhaps a larger sample would show no such lop-sidedness towards the + "" today "" side . are the languages that show a lop-sidedness in a state of change ? most languages have a symmetrical vowel system e . g . the same number of front vowels as back vowels . however , there are quite a number of languages with asymmetrical vowel systems . what lies behind this asymmetry ? the answer to this question may lie in the following scenario [ from : crowley , t . ( 1992 ) an introduction to historical linguistics , oup , pp . 200-201 ] suppose that in a language with a nice symmetrical five vowel system : i u e o a the vowel / e / beocomes raised towards / i / and ultimately merges merges with / i / . the resulting asymmetrical system : i u o a will put structural pressure on the system , and , in time , it would not be surprising to see / o / merging with / u / . if a system becomes asymmetrical ( or uneven ) so as to create some sort of ` gap ' , then a change is likely to take place as a way of plugging that ` gap ' , thereby re-establishing an even ( or symmetrical ) system . if this is indeed a natural process in phonological systems , perhaps analogous processes occur in other systems , like temporal deictic systems . a language with an asymmetrical temporal deictic system may be in the process of historical change and the ` gap ' plugged in due time . japanese may be a language that is in the process of losing its + 3 deictic term . if this is indeed the case , it would be interesting to see whether , in due course , this "" imbalance "" is "" balanced "" again by the loss of its - 3 deictic term . i do n't know how valid any of this is , i ' m just speculating . anyway , back to symmetry . the most symmetrical system of all is that found in hindi : tarso - 4 narso - 3 parso - 2 kal - 1 aaj 0 present diurnal span kal ( bihaan ) + 1 parso + 2 narso + 3 tarso + 4 where there are not only an equal number expressions for diurnal units either side of "" today "" , but the expressions on either side are the same . distinction between "" before today "" and "" after today "" is made through use of past or future tense of the verb . in looking at a language 's temporal deictic system i guess we must not fail to take account of a number of important linguistic / cultural aspects . among these would be : * the culture 's view of time . is it a linear view or a cyclical view ? * the language 's tense / aspect systems . * the historical development of its deictic expressions in short , we can't study deictics in isolation . we must look at how it meshes grammatically with the language . i would be very interested in any of your views on the reasons for symmetry and asymmetry we find in this area of deixis . also , if you are interested in adding to my list of languages , i 'd be very grateful to receive your contribution . thanks again to all those generous people who sent me so much interesting data and opinions . yours today , tomorrow and . . . jan tent department of literature and language school of humanities the university of the south pacific p . o . box 1168 suva fiji tel : ( 679 ) 313900 ext . 2263 fax : ( 679 ) 305053 e - mail : tent _ j @ usp . ac . fj = 09
",0
1046,"Subject: sum : greek l1
 
 content - length : 1735 a couple of weeks ago i asked the list for references to greek l1 acquisition . i got a number of responses , all pointing to the same few authors : ianthi - maria tsimply ( 1992 ) "" funtional categories and maturation : the prefunctional stage of language acquisition . "" phd thesis , ulc ursula stephany ( 1985 ) aspekt , tempus , modalitaet . tuebingen : narr _ _ _ _ ( 1995 ) the acquisition of modern greek . in d . i . slobin ( ed ) crosslinguistic study of language acquisition , vol . 4 _ _ _ _ data in childes gaberel drachman dealt with phonologial aspects of greek l1 in the 70 's ; papers are presumably published in the ohio working papers and in austrian phonologica during that time . i would like to thank neil smith , bob ingria , heike behrens , dan slobin wim zonneveld , yorgos xydopoulos and harriet jisa for their help . ( the order of my thanks is due to the order the mesages came in : ) susanne dopke ( phd ) linguistics monash university clayton vic 3168 australia ph : 61 - 3-9052298 fax : 61 - 3-9052294
",0
1047,"Subject: n-ary comparison
 
 ( 1 ) very strongly support alexis mr 's message on n-ary comparison being stronger than binary comparison . as real minds work , it is the pragmatics of not going down false trails which is at issue . i am puzzled only by what he mentions as an exceptional case , that is , how ternary comparison could * * * ever * * * be worse than binary . even if a third language is included which is more divergent , has more loan vocabulary , or whatever , and therefore poses extra problems or barriers . that is not a consequence of the ternary status in the comparison , because if the same language were included as one member of a binary comparison , the same problems would presumably be there . ( 2 ) i did not respond earlier only because of lack of time . the preference for n-ary comparison , the claim that n-ary is only a multiple of binary , is obviously false , just as the notion that one should not be engaging in comparison if one needs to use a dictionary is obviously false ( alice faber answered that one , that if that restriction had been enforced , our knowledge would be far less than it now securely is ) . both of these supposed restrictions are for the convenience of the linguist analyst , artificially restricting the data available so as to make it seem as if the analyst 's knowledge is more complete for the task than it is , and give a greater ( but artificial ) sense of psychological security . it goes along with the statement by some historical linguists that they "" never want to make a mistake "" . of course none of us do , but some are willing to in order to advance knowledge , and even those who do not want to cannot make themselves immune . the very act of disregarding data which is "" too far afield "" can sometimes lead to mistakes . always possible when trying to * discover * answers when we do not know the answers in advance . rather , we are all human , and gigantic problems will be beyond any of us to completely solve ( attempts at partial solutions do not imply guilt or wrongdoing ) . this in no way implies we should not attempt to solve those problems . we should be tolerant of others ' efforts and use the best part of them , always . ( 3 ) j "" org knappen 's suggestion of "" families , classes , and orders "" a la the biologists does seem useful . can we have suggestions as to clues when we should use one or the other of such terms ? presumably some more sophisticated measure of degree of shared genetic material would be most analogous to the biological usages , rather than a simple lexicostatistical measure ? lloyd anderson
",0
1048,"Subject: job : applied linguist
 
 date wed , 25 jan 95 10 : 12 : 43 cst from "" ronald w . long "" ( rwlong @ cmsuvmb ) subject position announcement to "" robert ( bob ) yates "" ( ryates @ cmsuvmb ) message - id ( 950125 . 101313 . cst . rwlong @ cmsuvmb ) assistant professor of tesl and applied linguistics central missouri state university department of english & philosophy , warrensburg , mo 64093 assistant professor of teaching english as a second language and applied linguistics . tenure track position to start august 1995 . ph . d . required . interest and experience in teaching and classroom - research in academic esl courses , linguistics , tesl methodology , and applied linguistics in a developing ma-tesl program . 12 hour teaching load . salary dependent upon qualification and experience . send letter of application describing experience and specialization , vita , transcripts , and three letters of recommendation to david smith , chair . applications acknowledged ; women and minorities encouraged to apply . review of applications begins on march 1 , 1995 and continues until filled . aa / eeo / ada . note : for further information electronically contact : ron long ( rwlong @ cmsuvmb . cmsu . edu ) .
",0
1049,"Subject: language and species
 
 a few posts on the subject have pleased me : i am perhaps not alone in having eccentric beliefs about non-human languages . it had started when i was hoping , after finishing my phd , to work on dolphins ' language ; it had continued when i read , somewhere , that the deaf 's sign language was not a language ( how did those people whom i saw meeting regularly in the pub down the road communicate , then , if they did not have a language ? i often envied them being stone deaf - - cursed with hearing as i am , i dislike noisy pubs and restaurants ) . a that stage , it got me thinking that "" proper "" human language dealt with encoding an n-dimensional conceptual universe into one-dimensional strings ( perhaps with a degenerate dimension extra , if you pay attention to prosodic features ) . that , sign language , on the other hand , encoded it into definitely two dimensions or more - - even though i could not figure out how many , let alone which , having found so little in the literature ( just as anyone doing linguistics should know at least a few foreign languages , perhaps , perhaps they should know at least some sign language , and have practiced it . when i say "" perhaps "" i mean "" definitely "" , of course . "" perhaps "" is a euphemism , a weak excuse for not having taken the time to learn and practice sign language ) . later , about dolphins ' languages , no * cetacean * in this case , i read , somewhere , the circumstances under which orcs had learnt to avoid boats equipped with harpoon guns , which seemed to mean that they must have been "" told "" how to recognize them by the first to meet those boats for the first time . this seemed too efficient . you just try to explain to someone how to recognize a contraption never encountered before . no paper and pencil , just words . misunderstandings galore . that got me thinking about another possible form of communication . cetaceans "" see "" by sonar , like bats . they communicate , we read , by sound , in a very wide range ( a few hertz to 100khz or more if memory serves ) . what if they actually communicated by * projecting * sonar images then ? paintings as it were , along with stylized representations . animated too , that 's quite possible . later again , i tied that in with what some will tell you about the intelligence of birds , how some mynah birds seem to understand a few words and use them in the proper context . the complexity of bird songs . the hopelessness of some schemes dreamt up to find out if animals communicated through language strikes me now . putting birds , or whatever , in different cages or pens , training one set to push the third lever from the left to get food ; see if they communicate their discovery to the those in the other pen . if they communicate by projected sonar image we are looking for the needle in the haystack . by song modulation , ditto . there would be , at any rate , dozens , nay , hundreds of ways of explaining "" push the third lever "" . how would * you * say "" lever "" if you had never had anything like it in your environment ? "" third "" ? "" from the left "" ? so even if they jabbered in a human-like language , one phoneme after the other , we would have a very hard time of spotting their exchange . you know the story about how they said "" piano "" in beach - la - mar : "" big fella box , he got black and white teeth , missus belong white master he fight ' im belong him , box he cry now "" . there 's more than one way to say "" piano "" that way ! i have , then , come to this notion that , when we meet non-human , sentient beings , we probably won't recognize the fact . that those definitions ( and redefinitions ) of language as human language with these and those features , and if it has n't got it then it is n't language , are utterly uninteresting . they would be at best entirely useless , only vacuous tautologies ( is n't that self-referencing ! ) . but in fact they can only be obnoxious , leading to methods incapable of recognizing and analyzing "" non-human "" languages . such as asl ( insert a sarcastic smiley here ) . to conclude on a related theme . i keep reading how the reconstructed vocal tract of neanderthals shows that they could not have a full language , because . . . blah blah ( i really am loath to repeat the argument ) . how about the vocal tract of a parrot , reconstructed from its skeleton ? j . guy @ trl . oz . au
",0
1050,"Subject: 
 
 phonology & phonetics burquest , donald a . and david l . payne ; phonological analysis : a functional approach : pb . : isbn : 0-88312 - 608 - 7 ; viii , 179 pp . ; $ 19 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics . burquest and payne have produced an introductory textbook oriented primarily to students interested in previously unstudied or little studied languages and who need a practical guide on how to carry out their investigation . it gives a broad base of exposure to the kind of phonological phenomena found in a range of languages . internet : academic . books @ sil . org textbook , phonology note : [ price correction for the book below ] watt , david l . e . the phonology and semology of intonation in english : an instrumental and systemic perspective . 1994 . 192 pp . 6x9 book . prepaid us $ 22 . 00 + 3 . 50 p&h ( us ) / 5 . 00 ( can ) / 5 . 50 ( other ) . iulc publications , 720 e . atwater ave . , bloomington in 47401 . < iulc . indiana . edu > watt presents an extensive study of intonation and its meaning potential from a systemic functional perspective , advancing halliday 's description of intonation . includes over 250 instrumentally derived illustrations of examples from original tape recordings , cited examples , and recordings of casual conversations . ( a previous posting to the list contained an incorrect price for the book . we regret any inconvenience . ) syntax harms , phillip l . ; epena pedee syntax : studies in the languages of colombia 4 ; pb . : isbn : 0-88312 - 276 - 6 ; xiv , 213 pp . $ 27 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics and university of texas arlington . the author describes the major grammatical structures of the language from morphology through discourse , with an introductory phonological sketch . epena pedee is an ergative-absolutive language , but one in which the subject has an important role , in that it manifests number agreement with the verb . internet : academic . books @ sil . org syntax , colombia wiering , elizabeth and marinus wiering ; the doyayo language : selected studies ; pb . : isbn : 0-88312 - 620 - 6 ; x , 299 pp . $ 28 . 00 summer institute of linguistics and university of texas arlington . doyayo is the language of about 15 , 000 people in northern cameroon . using a descriptive linguistic approach , the wierings cover phonology , structure of indicative verbs , some major systactic structures on levels from morpheme through discourse , and some features of folktales . internet : academic . books @ sil . org syntax , phonology , cameroon cope , pamela ; introductory grammar : a stratificational approach ; pb . ; isbn : 1-55671 - 001 - 1 ; ix , 113 pp . ; $ 12 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics . cope presents a clear exposition of stratificational grammar , intended primarily for beginning linguistic students . internet : academic . books @ sil . org textbook , syntax semantics berman , stephen r . ( university of massachusetts , amherst ) ; on the semantics and logical form of wh - clauses , pb . xiii + 279 pp . ph . d . dissertation , 1991 . $ 16 + s / h ( $ 3 domestic , $ 4 foreign surface ) . graduate linguistic student association ( glsa ) , university of massachusetts , amherst . this dissertation proposes a semantically dichotomous analysis of wh-clauses as denoting either questions or quantified propositions , depending on syntactic context ( in certain cases additionally influenced by lexical properties ) . behavior under quantificational adverbs provides the primary diagnostic tool and motivates analysing wh-phrases as inherently nonquantified open sentences , following the heim / kamp treatment of indefinites . restrictions on wh-phrase quantifiability , which it is argued interacts with presupposition , motivate the semantic dichotomy . additionally , the quantified interpretation is argued not to involve inherent exhaustiveness . contact glsa @ linguist . umass . edu for more info .
",0
1051,"Subject: 
 
 lang classification grimes , joseph e . and barbara f . grimes ; ethnologue language family index ; pb . isbn : 0-88312 - 708 - 3 ; vi , 116 pp . ; $ 14 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics . this companion volume to ethnologue : languages of the world , twelfth edition lists language families of the world with sub-groups shown in a tree arrangement under the broadest classification of language family . the language family index facilitates locating language names in the ethnologue , making the data there more accessible . internet : academic . books @ sil . org languages , reference lang & culture gregerson , marilyn ; ritual , belief , and kinship in sulawesi ; pb . : isbn : 0-88312 - 621 - 4 ; ix , 194 pp . ; $ 25 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics . seven articles discuss five language groups in sulawesi , indonesia ; the primary focus is on cultural matters , with some linguistic content . topics include traditional religion and beliefs , certain ceremonies , and kinship . internet : academic . books @ sil . org language and society , indonesia computers & ling weber , david j . , stephen r . mcconnel , diana d . weber , and beth j . bryson ; primer : a tool for developing early reading materials ; pb . : isbn : 0-88313 - 678 - 8 ; xvi , 266 pp . + ms-dos software ; $ 26 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics . the authors present a computer program and instructions for developing reading materials in languages with little or no background in literacy . the book is structured as a how-to manual with step by step procedures to establish an appropriate primer sequence and to organize words , phrases , and sentences that correlate with the sequence . it presupposes a thorough knowledge of linguistics . internet : academic . books @ sil . org literacy , computer
",0
1052,"Subject: innateness
 
 i made the following claim in my 22 - dec-94 posting : "" if x happens because y is innate , then this is a perfectly valid explanation for x 's occurrence ; if x happens for some other reason , then it 's not valid . "" i thought that this claim , being tautologous ( if we know what causes x , then we ' ve got an explanation for it ) , required no justification , but apparently i was wrong , since david powers ( 13 - jan-95 ) objects , on the basis that ` "" innateness "" amounts to saying "" because it [ ' ] s a fact of life "" . . . and saying that "" we are born with it "" is not an explanation . ' that is , apparently , even if we know that we are born with y , and that x happens because of this , we still have n't explained x 's occurrence . huh ? ( granted , we may now want to explain why "" we are born with y "" , too . but surely we ' ve got an explanation of some sort here , however partial it ultimately turns out be . and it 's got to be better than the relevant alternative : x happens because we learn x on the basis of "" general learning principles "" . ) i do think he has a legitimate objection to something , however , as discussed below . but first : perhaps i can put it another way , as i have elsewhere in the context of a fuller discussion ( "" on explaining the phoneme : why ( some of ) phonology { \ bf is } natural "" , bls 11 : 25-38 ( 1985 ) , p . 31 ) : a claim about innateness ( or lack thereof ) ` . . . should [ be ] evaluate [ d ] on the same basis [ as any other ] : does the evidence support the claim about innateness or does it not ? it would be just as wrong to claim that something that is innate is not , as to claim that something that is not innate is ' . it is true that making a claim about innatenes without evidence reveals "" laziness of the mind "" , but so does making a claim about lack of innateness . powers continues : ` . . . the science comes when we show ( a ) the sufficiency ; ( b ) the necessity & ( c ) the source of the posited [ innate ] constructs . ug is concentrating on ( a ) and there is a tendency to deprecate those who are interested in ( b ) and ( c ) - which go beyond the bound set by innateness . ' if ` ug ' really is out there running around making innateness claims solely on the basis of sufficiency arguments ( and i do n't doubt that some folks do this , alas ) , then i can understand why innateness has gotten a bad name . translating into syllogism-ese , such an argument would have the following form : "" y is innate "" entails x ; x is true ; therefore y is innate . logicians have a name for arguments of this form : "" affirming the consequent "" ; this is a classical logical fallacy . but , while individual practicioners may be guilty as charged , it is at least not always the case that innateness claims are made with disregard for ( b ) : arguments from "" the poverty of the stimulus "" , the unavailability of negative ( ungrammaticality ) evidence , and the ( alleged ) lack of errors by children that violate structure dependency are all clearly cases in point . ( see , e . g . , chomsky 's _ reflections on language _ . ) note further that my requirement in the above quote is stronger than requiring just ( a ) and ( b ) : "" y causes x "" entails "" y is necessary and sufficient for x "" , but not vice versa ( e . g . , if z causes both y and x ) . and , while i agree that deciding to pursue ( c ) should not be grounds for deprecation , neither should , i would think , deciding not to pursue it . this elephant is too big for any one "" blind man "" to figure out alone ! don churma , dept . of english , ball state univeristy , muncie , in 47306
",0
1053,"Subject: n - ary vs . binary
 
 lloyd anderson asks how n-ary ( for n greater than 2 ) comparison could ever be worse than binary . consider the problem of heads and tails when we toss coins . what are the chances of two coins ( standing for two languages obviously ) both coming up the same ( i . e . , both heads or both tails ) when tossed once ? since there are four possible outcomes of the binary toss , namely , hh , ht , tt , and th , and only two where both come up the same , the chances are 50 % . but now consider what happens when we toss three coins ( standing for three languages ) . since a coin only has two sides , in each possible outcome at least two of the coins come up the same . so the chances of 2 out of 3 coming up the same ( which would correspond to saying let two out of three languages agree in something and then they are related ) are 100 % ( which means this is not a valid test for relatedness ) . of course , if we had wanted all 3 out 3 to come up the same , then the situation would be drastically different , but in linguistics n-ary comparison never to my knowledge involves such a requirement . however , the only reason that n-ary comparison does so poorly here is that ( a ) there are only two possible outcomes per language , i . e . , languages come in only two varieties , and ( b ) the number of languages being compared is small ( only three ) . the ( a ) part is the one where real linguistic applications are drastically different from our little coin-tossing game ( since when you look for language relationships , you are looking at hundreds or thousands or maybe even more possibilities , not two , because you are looking at phonological shapes of morphemes mostly , and these allow lots of possibilities , at least thousands ) . so in the real situations that alone insures that n-ary comparison is better than binary . but it is also true that if you increase the number of coins ( languages ) in ( b ) , that also has the same effect . but you still have to be careful : the main concern is that given n languages being compared you must worry about how many out of the n are required to agree and about not making that number too small ( if you do , then again chance tends to take over ) . which raises a question : is there any published work on comparing languages which explicitly calculates these numbers ( and does it right ) ? alexis mr
",0
1054,"Subject: re : 6 . 108 sum : words that are their own opposites ( part 2 )
 
 i ' ve been enjoying the discussion of words that are their own antonyms . at first i thought the classic example of latin altus "" high "" or "" deep "" might fit in , but as i thought about it i figured it was just unmarked for point of view ( say when cleaning out an empty swimming pool then "" deep "" becomes "" high "" ) so i just looked to see if it was on the list and got a comment . no . good . but one that i have long wondered about is "" risk "" as in "" he risked winning the game "" . i was shocked ( as a teenager ) the first time i saw "" he risked losing the game "" ( or something like that ) in print , because i previously thought ( and am still inclined toward ) the complement of risk being the desirable result , not the undesirable one . whether or not this fits into this discussion , i wonder if anyone else has had a similar ( or opposite ) reaction or any thoughts about what 's going on in the case of "" risk "" . benji
",0
1055,"Subject: s . hattori dies
 
 this is the english version of the official announcement released for the japanese press on the afternoon of february 1 , 1995 . - - kazuto matsumura january 31 , 1995 it is with great sorrow and regret that , on behalf of his family , we have to inform you that our respected teacher , the linguist dr . shiro hattori , member of the japan academy , passed away , at the age of eighty-six at 0 : 03 o ' clock , january 29th , 1995 , after a long illness . we would like to inform his friends that the funeral will take place at the sennichidai kaido ( 19 minami - motomachi , shinjuku - ku , tokyo , japan 160 ; tel 3-3353 - 4541 , fax 3-3360 - 6714 ) , at 13 : 00 o ' clock , february 16 . the service will be non-denominational . we would be grateful if you could pray with us that his soul may rest in peace . sincerely yours , hajime kitamura , the chairman funeral service committee
",0
1056,"Subject: "" sycopahnt "" and "" sign of the fig ""
 
 the responses to my recent enquiry about the word "" sycophant "" and the "" sign of the fig "" were very interesting and varied . in view of this , instead of summarizing the responses i am forwarding them with minor editing : figs were first introduced in greece as expensive ( and therefore prestigious status symbols ) so that to own a fig tree was a big deal and waiting for the tree to come to fruit-bearing age and pick the fruit itself an even bigger deal . security was often low ( no electric street lights ) and so often non fig owners indulged in stealing figs ( it was probably a daredevil act too ) . so , it was decreed that anyone caught stealing figs was a crime and rewards were given to those who revealed ( phanein ) the fig ( syko ) thieves . of course , since the pilferers were probably less happy about being finked on than the fig owners , the term ' fig revealer / shower ' took on very negative connotation . it 's one thing to be steal badly and get caught ( 'd eservedly ' for botching up ) but quite another to be told on : and so goes on the lore about how sycophant came to be ( still used in modern greek , as it is in english ) but i cannot swear on its authenticity . at least that 's what we were taught in primary ( athens ) . jenny dalalakis , mcgill university , linguistics , e-mail bgbi @ musicb . mcgill . ca * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the sign of the fig is a highly insulting hand gesture used , so far as i know , in italy ( perhaps in other places , too . ) it is made by making a fist , with the thumb inserted between the index and middle fingers . the gesture represents th e female genitalia . a photograph of someone making the sign of the fig appears in the book gestures , a book of some ten to fifteen years ago illustrating and explaining various gestures , not just insulting ones , from a number of cul - tures . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * in dante 's inferno , the sign of the fig is a sign of disrespect , in this case aimed at god ( presumably because of the forbidden apple / fig thing . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * . . . by the sign of the fig you mean a gesture , quite common in many european cultures , where you put your thumb between the first 2 fingers . originally this was symbol for sexual intercourse and therefore an obscene sign . ( "" fig "" is one of the euphemisms for the female genital . ) i know from a viennese dialect dictionary that the sign used to be current hereabouts , but it is not widely used now , whereas in italy and esp . in russia ( as to greece , i forget ) it is very current now . in russian it has lost its original obscene meaning and means simply something like "" not at all "" or "" you are pretending to work while you are not "" or "" the hell you do "" . though not indecent . . still indecent . according to barbara monahan , ( a dictionary of russian gestures ) , "" this is one of the most widely used gestures in the soviet union . . . . it is not at all indecent or vulgar . it is really the nonverbal equivalent of a very strong "" no "" . ( p . 86 ) ( among adults it can be insulting . ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the etymology of sycophant is sukon ' fig ' and phainen ' to show ' . the story is that at one time it was supposedly against the law to export figs from athens and sukophantes often turned in violators of the unpopular law for their own personal gain , these toadies being widely despised . in a word , sycophants were originally informers on fig exporters . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the sign of the fig , also known by its latin name , "" manus ficus "" , was and apparently still is a mediterranean equivalent of the north american "" giving the finger "" insult . it is formed by placing the thumb between the index and middle fingers of the closed , fist . interestingly , in the american manual alphabet , it is the handshape representing the letter "" t "" , but is avoided in the manual alphabets of many countries and replaced by other similar but less offensive handshapes . according to _ the hand book _ ( linda lee and james charlton , prentice - hall , 1980 ) , "" the / fica / or fig sign is an ancient copulatory gesture . here the thumb is thrust between the forefinger and the middle finger of the same hand , simulating the penis thrust through a woman 's labia . ( . . . ) it is called the / fica / or fig because the inserted thumb is about the size and shape of the fig , which , being an ancient symbol of abundance , carried with it a sense of virility and fecundity to the / mano in fica / . ( . . . ) "" ( page 70 ) . i do n't know anything about the semantic evolution of the word , but informally , i can see how the present meaning of sycophant would apply to the kind of person who would hang around on the sidelines of the action at a trial , making rude gestures at an accused , deriving the right to do so by associating him / herself with the people in power who were judging the case . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * i seem to vaguely remember from my high school days that a sycophant was someone who kept an eye on the fig trees to make sure that no one stole the fruit . now , when someone was taken to court , because allegedly they had stolen figs , the sycophant would provide evidence against them by pushing aside the fig leaves and showing that some figs had been removed ! unfortunately , i cannot remember why it was a crime to cut the fruit of the fig trees ! were they intended to be offered to gods ? that could be a possible reason why they were so precious . i cann ' t remember really . . . incidentally , sycophantis in modern greek means the ' one who presents in court or in public unfounded accusations against someone ' . this probably relates to the fear of ancient athenians that someone might ' throw ' at them accusations that they would n't have been able to cope with , since a sycophant 's testimony was not to be questioned in any way . phantis in greek is an agent ; it does not mean the sign , but the person who presents something or makes something known . for example , ierophantis means someone who unravels the sacred signs of gods , i . e . a seer or prophet . modern greek has got both a verb sycopha ' nto and an abstract noun sycopha ' ntia . one last bit of ethnographic detail : it is or at least used to be common practice in greece to cut figs from trees without considering issues of who the tree / farm belongs to ! it is believed that fig trees just grow on their own without any special care and therefore do not belong to anybody . thanks for the opportunity to switch back to my mother tongue for a while ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * sykophantes ist ein verbales rektionskompositum aus "" phaino : to sukon "" ( to point at the figs ) , das zum erstenmal bei aristophanes acharner 559 ( 425 v . chr . ) auftritt . sein urspruenglicher sinn ist schon in der antike umstritten , vgl . lidell - scott , s . v . : sykophantes ist ein verbales rektionskompositum aus "" phaino : to su : kon "" ( to point at the figs ) , das zum erstenmal bei aristophanes , ach . 559 ( 425 v . chr . ) auftritt . sein urspruenglicher sinn ist schon in der antike umstritten , vgl . lidell - scott , s . v . : "" orig . used of denouncers of the attempted export of figs from athens acc . to . . . plu . solon 24 , 2 . 523b ; . . . of citizens entrusted with the collection of figs as a part of public revenues etc . . . . these and modern explanations are mere guesses . "" ebenfalls bei aristophanes ( pax 1350 ) findet sich der erste beleg fuer suykon = pudenda muliebra und das feminum sukopha ' ntria mit komischer bedeutung ( "" eine frau die ihr su : kon sehen laesst "" , plut . 970 ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * do you have eric partridge 's _ origins _ ? if not , let me know . it has a bit of stuff in it that is more clearly expressed than oed . jon from "" origins "" by eric partridge : "" orig such an informer as denounced those who sold contraband figs or who stole fruit from the sacred fig-trees , as the ancients explained it ; a rogue , because . . . he was addicted to the indecent gesture . . . "" * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * thanks again , richard blucher blucher @ umbc2 . umbc . edu
",0
1057,"Subject: ceth summer seminar on electronic texts in the humanities
 
 electronic texts in the humanities : methods and tools the fourth annual ceth summer seminar , 11-23 june 1995 , princeton university organized by center for electronic texts in the humanities , princeton and rutgers universities and co-sponsored by centre for computing in the humanities , university of toronto seminar directors : susan hockey , center for electronic texts in the humanities willard mccarty , centre for computing in the humanities an intensive two-week seminar is again being offered by the center for electronic texts in the humanities ( ceth ) in june 1995 . the seminar will address a wide range of challenges and opportunities that electronic texts and software offer to teachers , scholars , and librarians in the humanities . the focus will be practical and methodological , with the immediate aim of assisting participants in their teaching , research and advising . in response to demand , we are expanding the seminar in 1995 to allow for sixty participants . there will be plenary sessions and six parallel tracks devoted to specific areas of humanities computing . participants attend all plenary sessions and select one parallel track for more detailed study . they will work on their own projects and will have the opportunity to present them at the end of the seminar . schedule ( pl = plenary session ) sunday , june 11 6 pm registration , reception and introductions . monday , june 12 am pl : what electronic texts are and where to find them pm pl : creating and capturing texts in electronic form ; tuesday , june 13 am pl : introduction to concordances and text retrieval pm pl : overview of the text encoding initiative and sgml wednesday , june 14 am pl : large text databases . artfl . dartmouth dante project , oed pm parallel tracks thursday , june 15 am pl : electronic editions and scholarly publishing ( panel ) . pm parallel tracks friday , june 16 am pl : introduction to structured databases . pm parallel tracks monday , june 19 am pl : hypertext for the humanities . pm parallel tracks tuesday , june 20 am pl : overview of digital imaging techniques . demonstrations . pm individual project work . wednesday , june 21 am pl : institutional support for electronic texts ( panel ) . pm parallel tracks thursday , june 22 am pl : discussion on the limitations of existing software . pm pl : presentation of participants ' projects . 6 pm cocktails and banquet . friday , june 23 am pl : presentation of participants ' projects . pm pl : concluding discussion of basic questions . what from a scholarly and methodological perspective is to be gained ? parallel tracks 1 . textual analysis an intensive study of textual analysis tools and their applications . indexed interactive retrieval vs batch concordance generation . using tact and micro - ocp . applications : stylistics , corpus linguistics , literary criticism , instructors : susan hockey , center for electronic texts in the humanities willard mccarty , centre for computing in the humanities 2 . text encoding initiative ( tei ) and sgml using the tei 's application of the standard generalized markup language ( sgml ) . document structure and sgml elements , dtds sgml entities , tei core tags and base tag sets , tei header , additional tag sets . processing tei encoded texts . instructor : c . m . sperberg - mcqueen , editor - in - chief of the tei . 3 . scholarly editing computer tools for the preparation and publication of scholarly editions . transcription and computer imaging of sources ; collation ; use of the tei guidelines for scholarly editions ; making hypertext electronic editions instructor : peter robinson , oxford university centre for humanities computing . 4 . hypertext for the humanities an introduction to developing hypertexts for the humanities . building and using hypercard stacks and world wide web documents . design and use of example hypertexts . examination of their role in humanities research and teaching . instructor : geoffrey rockwell , head of humanities computing , mcmaster univ 5 . tools for historical analysis a survey of the methods most frequently used by historians in their computer-aided teaching and research , focusing on database and statistical processing , also content analysis , corpus creation and image processing . instructor : daniel greenstein , senior lecturer in modern history , glasgow univ 6 . setting up an electronic text center the practical aspects of setting up and managing electronic text centers . hardware and software for stand-alone and networked resources , collection development , training , budget , licensing , and institutional relations . instructor : anita lowry , head of the information arcade , university of iowa details dates : june 11-23 , 1995 cost : $ 1275 for nonstudents . $ 1075 for students . the fee includes tuition , use of computer facilities , printed seminar materials , opening reception , lunches ( monday through friday both weeks ) , and a closing banquet . payment is requested at the time of acceptance . location : princeton university , the fourth oldest college in north america , was founded in 1746 . during their stay , seminar participants have access to the university 's extensive computing systems , as well as the princeton art museum and the library system which houses about five million books , and nearly 35 , 000 journals , manuscripts , and papyri . all classrooms , lab facilities , and dormitories are within walking distance on the historic and picturesque princeton , new jersey campus . accommodation : bed and breakfast accommodation is available princeton university student housing facilities at a cost of $ 25 per day . ceth will assist participants in finding hotel accommodations if preferred . application enrollment is limited to sixty participants . application requires two parts : a cover sheet and a statement of interest . current students applying for the reduced rate must also include a photocopy of their valid student id . e - mail submissions must have the subject line "" summer seminar application . "" applications will be reviewed by a committee consisting of members of ceth 's governing board . on your cover sheet include : your name , current institutional affiliation and your position , postal and e-mail addresses , telephone and fax numbers , natural language interest and computing experience , and parallel tracks you are interested in attending , listed in order of preference . you may indicate up to three parallel tracks . if your first choice is full , you will be assigned to your second choice and so on . in statement of interest include how your participation in the seminar would be relevant for your teaching , research , advising , or administrative work , and possibly that of your colleagues ; what particular project you would like to undertake during the seminar or what area of the humanities your would like most to explore ; and the extent of your computing experience . application deadline : february 21 , 1995 notification of acceptance by march 21 , 1995 send all applications to : ceth summer seminar 1995 , center for electronic texts in the humanities , 169 college avenue , new brunswick , new jersey 08903 u . s . a . phone : 908 / 932-1384 ; fax : 908 / 932-1386 ; e - mail ceth @ zodiac . rutgers . edu [ a longer version of this notice is on the ceth www server at http : / / cethmac . princeton . edu ]
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1058,"Subject: specialization in brazilian indigenous languages
 
 specialization in brazilian indigenous languages this specialization program intends to prepare linguists to do research on indigenous languages from brazil providing intensive training on methodologies for description and analysis of data as well as on the evaluation and reanalysis of published and unpublished materials on brazilian indigenous languages . the program will be developed in the national museum of the federal university of rio de janeiro between august / 95 and june / 96 . four courses will be taught : 1 . phonetic and phonological systems of brazilian indigenous languages ; 2 . morphosyntactic features of brazilian indigenous languages ; 3 . phonological analysis of brazilian indigenous languages ; 4 . morphological and syntactic analysis of brazilian indigenous languages ; instructors will be the following faculty members of the linguistic division of the department of anthropology of the national museum : bruna franchetto , doctor in social antropology ( federal university of rio de janeiro ) ; charlotte emmerich , doctor in linguistics ( federal university of rio de janeiro ) ; marilia faco soares , doctor in sciences ( state university of campinas - unicamp ) ; yonne de freitas leite , doctor in linguistics ( university of texas , austin ) ; marcia maria damaso vieira , doctor in sciences ( state university of campinas - unicamp ) ; marcus maia , doctor in linguistics ( university of southern california ) - ethnographic and sociolinguistic aspects of brazilian indigenous languages . applications will be accepted during july / 96 and must include the following documents : 1 . copy of undergraduate degree ; 2 . curriculum vitae ; 3 . 2 letters of recommendation ; 4 . registration fee ; 5 . two photos . selection of 20 candidates will be based on cv analysis and personal interview . for further information , please contact : maia @ vms1 . nce . ufrj . br
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1059,"Subject: wkshp : * early * i - e ( = ) uralic interactions
 
 i am organizing a combination colloquium and working seminar which is planned to take place in oulu finland just after the jyvaskyla 8th internat ' l fenno - ugric congress ( fu8 runs thru 15 august ' 95 ) . entitled "" the peopling ( s ) of the north , "" this gathering is intended to convoke roughly 30-40 scholars to discuss the archaeological , bioanthropological , ethnographic ( including comparative myth / religion / folkways etc ) , and * linguistic * data , concepts , and methods as these all inter-relate and bear on the question of the development of the sundry peoples of scandinavia , fenno - karelia , northwest russia , and the northern circum - urals . this gathering is to aid idea exchange among specialists in the domains pertinent to reconstruction of the ( pre ) historical events and processes involved in the peopling ( s ) of this region . those in each speciality will be required to speak to their ignorances , i . e . , to come prepared to discuss * not * what they already know , but to point out what they really would * like * to know from those in the other specialities . the aim is to avoid the presentation of set-pieces and to foment exploration of the many possible ways in which each of the various ( pre ) historical disciplines can feed from the others . my collaborators in this venture ( norbert strade , historically and archaeologically inclined linguist , in aarhus dk ; milton nunez , ethnologically and geographically inclined archaeologist in oulu ) and i have a long list of probable participants . however , we feel that there is a distinct under - representation as regards indo - europeanist linguistics . those i - eists of our acquaintance who are interested in pre - i - e substrate effects in northern europe , possible early i - e and f - u interactions in the north ( or elsewhere ) , and other intriguing themes of relevance to our plans , cannot make it to oulu in august . thus i am sending this request . if anyone is interested , please contact me . nb - the time frame for us begins with the repopulation of the north as the last ice age retreated , hence less than 10 , 000bp . all discussion of i - e ( = ) uralic interactions and / or relations grounded in posits of macro-families &c with roots in ` deep time ' therefore falls outside the scope of our plans . i hope to hear from you . ken jacobs voice : ( 514 ) 343-6490 [ office ] assoc . prof . ( 514 ) 685-2349 [ home ] departement d ' anthropologie fax : ( 514 ) 343-2494 universite de montreal e-mail : jacobsk @ ere . umontreal . ca cp 6128 / succ . centre - ville montreal pq h3c 3j7 canada
",0
1060,"Subject: conference announcement and call for papers
 
 content - length : 3132 conference announcement and call for papers 11th annual meeting of the language origins society july 28 - aug 1 , 1995 janus pannonius university , pecs , hungary papers on all aspects of the origin and evolution of signed and spoken languages are welcome . since progress in this field of research is best achieved through a multidisciplinary approach , the los and the organizers of this meeting are anxious to enlist the combined efforts of all interested scholars , especially those of anthropologists , archaeologists , biologists , cognitive scientists , ethologists , linguists , palaeontologists , and psychologists . a selection of the papers presented at this meeting will be published as soon as possible . those who wish to present a paper ( los membership is not a prerequisite ) are kindly requested to send a 300 - word abstract to the organizers . computer users are asked to send their texts in electronic format on 3 . 5 "" diskettes preferably processed with wordperfect or ms - word . downloading electronic files is also possible ( and indeed preferred ) , though authors using non - ascii characters in their texts are advised to send their abstracts on diskettes . the standard registration fee will be us $ 50 . 00 , the student us $ 25 . 00 . special arrangements have been made for lodging and some of the meals : in the venue of the los meeting : the total cost for six nights starting july 27 plus breakfast and lunch each day will be : us $ 310 . 00 for a single us $ 215 . 00 per person for a double n . b . these prices could vary slightly with the exchange rate . tentative plans are being made for a 3 - day post-conference tour . the organizers will give out the details as they become available to them . correspondence should be addressed to : gabor gyori janus pannonius university department of english ifjusag utja 6 . 7624 pecs hungary phone / fax : ( internat ' l ) 36 72 314-714 e - mail : gyorig @ btk . jpte . hu the organizers ask that those who can be reached electronically kindly indicate their e-mail addresses in their correspondence . it is kindly requested that abstracts be in their possession no later than april 15 , 1995 and that hotel reservations be made also before that date , by sending , along with the request , a deposit of us $ 50 . 00 or its equivalent in any other freely convertible currency . this sum should be in the form of a certified bank check payable to gabor gyori .
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1061,"Subject: tilburg conference on ot
 
 call for papers tilburg university conference on the derivational residue in phonology 1 - 7 october 1995 the grammatical models group of tilburg university plans to organize a conference on the derivational residue in phonology . in this conference we hope to discuss all topics which were dealt with in standard generative phonology by derivational means such as level ordering , ( strict ) cyclicity and rule ordering , in the light of the recent shift of attention towards theories that are more representational in nature . can all the derivational tools mentioned be replaced by representational instruments ? if they can , what should the ` optimal ' representational theory look like ? if they cannot , what exactly is the residue of derivationalism that we still need ? we invite all papers with these or related topics ( a more complete description of the conference topic can be found below ) both for and against purely representational approaches to phonology . we expect to be able to ( partially ) reimburse travelling expenses and lodging for our speakers . furthermore we are proud that bruce hayes and geert booij have already agreed to be our invited speakers . deadline those interested in presenting a paper ( 40 minutes talks , 15 minutes discussion ) should send 5 copies of a two page abstract ( 10 anonymous ; 1 camera-ready , with name ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) and contact address , including e-mail ) to : marc van oostendorp or ben hermans , grammaticamodellen , tilburg university , postbus 90153 , 5000 le , tilburg , the netherlands . abstracts must be received by 1 may 1995 . abstracts with page text considered too condensed to be read will be rejected without review . no email submissions accepted . for additional information contact b . j . h . hermans @ kub . nl or m . voostendorp @ kub . nl . topic of the conference during the past few years the main focus of attention in phonology seems to have been shifted from derivational to representational models , such as prince and smolensky 's optimality theory , goldsmith 's harmonic phonology and burzio 's pes - model . yet generative phonologists have accumulated substantial evidence for derivational analysis . in standard lexical phonology , for instance , derivationalism plays a role in several ways : the model is divided into a lexical and a postlexical component , the lexical component itself is divided into several lexical levels , some lexical levels are cyclic and every affix starts its own cycle and , finally , the phonologicals rule within every cycle are ordered . the question is how we have to evaluate all these derivational instruments in a representational theory of phonology . the distinction between lexical and postlexical phonology seems to be least controversial . most optimality theory analyses seem to accept at least this remnant of derivationalism . yet one could imagine a more radical version of a purely representational theory in which the distinction between word-level and phrasal phonology is accounted for in an appropriate theory of phonological domains . in any case , the question remains as to how we have to evaluate the traditional criteria for lexical-postlexical distinction ( exceptions , sensitivity to morphological and syntactic boundaries , etc . ) in a theory of constraints and constraint ranking . similar questions could be asked about the internal level ordering within the lexical component . can all analyses which used to be framed in terms of lexical levels be reframed in representational terms ? and to what extent can a theory which makes extensive use of lexical levels still be called ` representational ' ? most discussion on derivationalism within optimality theory seems to have been concentrated on the issue of cyclicity . it has been demonstrated that some cyclic analyses can be replaced by an adequate theory of alignment between phonological and morphological structure . is this everything that needs to be said about this issue ? are , for instance , cyclic versions of ot feasible and desirable ? similarily , considerable effort has been put by several researchers into showing that strict cyclicity as a theoretical concept is superfluous or that it can be replaced by a theory of underspecification . whether this is an adequate answer to all derived environment effects is another topic we hope to address . finally , we expect that even at the finest grained level of derivationalism , viz . phonological rule ordering ( both intrinsic and extrinsic ) interesting questions remain unanswered . in particular all cases of what used to be known as counter-feeding and counter-bleeding relations seem to us still to be open for discussion . all of these questions have considerable conceptual import , yet it seems to us that they can ultimately be answered empirically . the issue of derivationalism is one of the interesting challenges that optimality theory and the other models mentioned earlier pose . we hope to receive many abstracts dealing with it .
",0
1062,"Subject: conference announcement / call for papers : celtic linguistics
 
 * * * * * * celtic linguistics conference * * * * * second posting and call for papers a conference on the formal linguistics of the celtic languages will be held in university college dublin on june 22-23 1995 . invited speakers include jim mccloskey ( university of california at santa cruz ) , ian roberts ( university of north wales , bangor ) , david adger ( university of york ) and james scobbie ( queen margaret college , edinburgh ) . abstracts are invited for 45 - minute talks ( 30 + 15 ) on all aspects of theoretically-oriented research on the celtic languages . please submit 4 copies of a 1 - page abstract ( 3 anonymous and one camera - ready copy with name , affiliation etc . ) to the address below . abstracts must be received by february 28th , 1995 [ please note extended deadline ] . the conference will be held on the belfield campus ( approximately 5 km from the city centre ) . accommodation will be available on campus . expressions of interest and requests for further information should be sent to either of the following addresses : chiosain @ ollamh . ucd . ie acquaviv @ ccvax . ucd . ie or to celtic linguistics conference department of linguistics university college dublin belfield , dublin 4 ireland
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1063,"Subject: fellowship applications for lsa linguistic institute
 
 content - length : 1087 reminder : applications for student fellowships for the 1995 linguistic institute to be held 26 june to 4 august at the university of new mexico must be on file at the lsa secretariat by 11 february . no email or fax materials will be accepted . for further information , please contact the lsa secretariat at zzlsa @ gallua . gallaudet . edu
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1064,"Subject: msu syntax position
 
 content - length : 1063 the department of linguistics and germanic , slavic , asian , and african languages at michigan state university invites applications for a temporary position at the assistant professor level in linguistics , pending approval of the provost , to begin august 1995 . research and teaching specialization in syntax . responsibilities include teaching graduate and undergraduate courses ; capability to teach gb / minimalist theory particularly desirable . ph . d . by time of appointment . review of applicants will begin march 20 , 1995 and continue until the position is filled . send letter of application , vita , names of three references , representative research / publications , and u . s . visa status if non-citizen to : patricia paulsell , acting chair , department of linguistics and germanic , slavic , asian , and african languages , a-617 wells hall , michigan state university , east lansing , mi 48824-1027 . all candidates will be kept informed of the progress of the search . handicappers have the right to request and receive reasonable accommodation . msu is an aa / eoe institution .
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1065,"Subject: m . a . in scandinavian linguistics
 
 content - length : 2925 m . a . in scandinavian linguistics at the university of troms = f8 1995-1996 the linguistics section of the institute for language and literature at the university of troms = f8 , norway , offers a one year course leading up to a master of arts degree , starting the fall of 1995 . the course is designed to prepare students for research in generative syntax and phonology with special attention to the scandinavian languages . the course is open to students from all countries with a background in linguistics corresponding roughly to a b . a . with a major in linguistics , or a norwegian cand . mag . the course is equivalent to 60 e . c . t . s credits . instruction will be in english . proficiency in a scandinavian language is not required , nor is previous knowledge of scandinavian grammar . those who wish may follow a course in norwegian for foreigners during the whole year . students pay no tuition , only a nominal registration fee . a limited number of grants are available for students from eastern europe or developing countries . the course will consist of lectures , seminars , and tutorials , with examinations at the end of each term ( fall and spring term ) . in addition , the students are required to write two research papers . in the fall of 1995 there will be a lecture series on scandinavian syntax and another one on scandinavian phonology . in addition there will be seminars , tutorials , and a crash course in icelandic grammar . in the spring of1996 there will be a lecture series on historical scandinavian linguistics , plus seminars and tutorials . also during spring term the students will write their two research papers . the teachers are anders holmberg and tarald taraldsen ( syntax ) , ove lorenz and curtis rice ( phonology ) . other teachers who will contribute at various points in the course include christer platzack , cecilia falk ( university of lund ) , halld = f3r a . sigurdsson ( university of iceland ) , tomas riad ( university of stockholm ) . for further information , contact anders holmberg isl , linguistics university of troms = f8 n-9037 troms = f8 , norway phone : 47-77645616 , fax : 47-77645625 e-mail : andersh @ isl . uit . no
",0
1066,"Subject: computational linguistics j
 
 subject : time : 5 : 52 pm office memo computational linguistics job date : 2 / 2 / 95 university of melbourne department of linguistics lecturer in computational linguistics ( three - year appointment ) . this position is being readvertised the department of linguistics is a dynamic new department with growing strengths in discourse , semantics , cognitive science and speech synthesis . we wish to develop new teaching and research programs in computational linguistics at undergraduate and postgraduate levels , and are seeking a lecturer in computational linguistics , for a three year appointment beginning in june / july 1995 . the position is funded by university development funds and the microsoft institute of advanced software technology . subject to the success of the program in attracting students and establishing research in the area , it is hoped to advertise a continuing position in computational linguistics at the end of the three-year term . duties : you should have expertise in computational linguistics , a good background in general linguistics , and additional specializations in one or more areas of nlp , such as machine translation , text generation , computational phonology or computational morphology , linguistic knowledge representation . you will contribute to the development of teaching and research in computational linguistics through the teaching of undergraduate and postgraduate courses in the linguistics and cognitive science programs , as well as some teaching in general linguistics ; through supervision of postgraduate research in linguistics and in relevant parts of the cognitive science program . you will pursue research in one or more of the above areas , and help coordinate the linguistics contribution to the master 's in cognitive science . further information about the position , and the linguistics department , may be obtained from ms christine mckeown , administrative assistant , department of linguistics , university of melbourne , parkville 3052 , australia . tel . : 03 344 5488 ; fax 03 344 4980 ; email christine _ mckeown @ muwayf . unimelb . edu . au . applications ( including the names and facsimile numbers of three referees ) should be sent to the director , personnel services , the university of melbourne , parkville , victoria , 3052 ; fax ( 03 ) 344 4694 , or emailed to christine _ mckeown @ muwayf . unimelb . edu . au . applications close march 20th , 1995 . salary range : a $ 41 , 574 to $ 49 , 370 according to experience and qualifications . the university of melbourne is an equal opportunity employer and has a smoke-free workplace policy .
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1067,"Subject: job announcement : taiwan university
 
 content - length : 2561 dear linguist netters : i have been asked by our department chairman to post the following announcement to the net . please apply directly to the department via snail-mail - the people you want to talk to are not yet e-mail initiates . please do not e-mail me personally about any of this - i ' m not equipped to handle any more mail than i already get ( now i understand why so many others add this disclaimer ) ! i would very much appreciate it if those of you subscribed to lists relating to tesl , any kind of english or american literature , german , or other appropriate subject matter would please repost this to those lists . thank you / vielen dank / duo1xie4 ! karen steffen chung national taiwan university + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + national taiwan university department of foreign languages and literatures + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + * instructor * assistant professor * associate professor * professor + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + applications are invited for teaching posts , available august 1995 , in the following fields : ( 1 ) british english literature ( old / middle english literature preferred ) ; ( 2 ) tefl ; ( 3 ) german . advanced degrees in english , tefl , or german required ; teaching experience preferred . appointment will be made at one of the four levels mentioned above , depending on the appointee 's qualifications and teaching experience . initial appointment will be on a one-year , renewable basis . each applicant should submit ( 1 ) a curriculum vitae ; ( 2 ) a copy of your ma / ph d diploma ; ( 3 ) three letters of recommendation ; ( 4 ) a complete set of transcripts of all graduate-level study ; and ( 5 ) proof of past / current employment . applicants who pass the preliminary review will be asked to send four copies of their academic work ( including ma / ph d thesis ) published within the past three years or which have been accepted for publication . application materials should reach the chairman at the following address by march 1 , 1995 . dr . ching - hsi perng , chairman dept . of foreign languages and literatures national taiwan university 1 , roosevelt road , section 4 taipei , taiwan , 106 roc phone / fax : 886 - 2-363 - 9395 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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1068,"Subject: baal book prize 1995
 
 content - length : 2542 british association for applied linguistics baal book prize 1995 the british association for applied linguistics ( baal ) offers an annual award for ' an outstanding book in the field of applied linguistics ' . nominations for the 1995 prize ( for books published in 1994 ) are now invited . books in any field of applied linguistics are eligible , provided they are published in english and bear a 1994 copyright date . eligibility is not restricted to british authors or to books published in the uk . the definition of applied linguistics , for the purposes of the award , is a wide one . many studies in sociolinguistics , discourse analysis , education and will come within the scope of the baal book prize , as will many language reference books . for example , last year 's winner was ruth lesser and lesley milroy ' linguistics and aphasia ' , published by longmans , 1993 . a special award was also made to longmans ' language activator ' . also shortlisted last year were brian street ( ed ) ' cross - cultural approaches to literacy ' ( cambridge university press , 1993 ) , and c . kramsch ' context and culture in language teaching ' ( oxford university press , 1993 ) . previous winners include susan berk - seligson ' the bilingual courtroom ' ( university of chicago press , 1990 ) , joshua fishman ' reversing language shift ' ( multilingual matters , 1991 ) , ' dictionary of british sign language ' ( faber and faber , 1992 ) entries must be made by * publishers * by 28th february 1995 if you published a book in 1994 which you think may be suitable , let your publisher know about the award . further details of how to enter can be obtained from david graddol baal publications secretary school of education open university milton keynes mk7 6aa , uk fax + 1908 654111 email d . j . graddol @ open . ac . uk
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1069,"Subject: aisb-95 sheffield : registration ( con / work . tut )
 
 aisb-95 the tenth biennial conference on ai and cognitive science sheffield , england monday 3rd - - friday 7th april 1995 theme : hybrid problems , hybrid solutions ( eacl-95 , 7th conference of the european chapter of the association for computational linguistics at university college dublin , belfield , dublin , ireland , precedes aisb-95 on march 27-31 , 1995 ) hosted by the society for the study of artificial intelligence and simulation of behaviour ( ssaisb ) and the department of computer science ( university of sheffield ) in cooperation with departments of automatic control and systems engineering , information studies , philosphy , psychology ; artificial intelligence vision research unit ( aivru ) , hang - seng centre for cognitive studies , institute for language , speech and hearing ( ilash ) , ( university of sheffield ) ; dragon systems uk limited ( melvyn hunt ) ; lpa limited ( clive spenser ) ; sharp laboratories europe limited ( paul kearney ) ; wisepress limited ( penelope g . head ) main conference wednesday 5th - friday 7th april 1995 workshops and tutorials monday 3rd - tuesday 4th april 1995 invited speakers + + professor alex gammerman ( department of computer science , royal holloway / new bedford college , university of london , england ) + + professor malik ghallab ( laas-cnrs , toulouse , france ) + + professor graeme hirst ( department of computer science , u of toronto ) + + professor john mayhew ( aivru , university of sheffield , england ) + + professor noel sharkey ( department of computer science , u of sheffield ) theme the world 's oldest ai society , the society for the study of artificial intelligence and simulation of behaviour ( aisb ) , will hold its tenth biennial international conference at the university of sheffield . the past few years have seen an increasing tendency for diversification in research into artificial intelligence , cognitive science and artificial life . a number of approaches are being pursued , based variously on symbolic reasoning , connectionist systems and models , behaviour-based systems , and ideas from complex dynamical systems . each has its own particular insight and philosophical position . this variety of approaches appears in all areas of artificial intelligence . there are both symbolic and connectionist natural language processing , both classical and behaviour-based vision research , for instance . while purists from each approach may claim that all the problems of cognition can in principle be tackled without recourse to other methods , in practice ( and maybe in theory , also ) combinations of methods from the different approaches ( hybrid methods ) are more successful than a pure approach for certain kinds of problems . the committee feels that there is an unrealised synergy between the various approaches that an aisb conference may be able to explore . thus , the focus of the tenth aisb conference is on such hybrid methods . the aisb conference is a single track conference lasting three days , with a two day tutorial and workshop programme preceding the main technical event , and around twenty high calibre papers will be presented in the technical sessions . five invited talks by respected and entertaining world class researchers complete the programme . the proceedings of the conference will be published in book form at the conference itself , making it a forum for rapid dissemination of research results . the preliminary programme for the conference is attached below . note that the organisers reserve the right to alter the programme as circumstances dictate , though every effort will be made to adhere to the provisional timings and calendar of events given below . programme monday 3rd april , 1995 [ all day ] workshops and tutorial programme tuesday 4th april , 1995 [ all day ] workshops and tutorial programme 6 . 00 - 9 . 00 registration reception , halifax hall , university of sheffield wednesday 5th april , 1995 08 : 00 - on registration 09 : 00 chair opening address : paul mc kevitt , conference chair / local organisation ( university of sheffield ) 09 : 10 hod opening address : colin smythe , head of department of computer science ( university of sheffield ) 09 : 20 programme chair opening address : john hallam , programme chair ( university of edinburgh ) 09 : 30-10 : 30 invited talk professor malik ghallab , laas-cnrs , toulouse , fr 10 : 30-11 : 00 break 11 : 00-12 : 45 3 papers + ` an introduction to dynamic symbol systems ' ' , herbert jaeger , faculty of technology , university of bielefeld , germany . + ` ` reactive systems in physical environments ' ' , simin nadjm - tehrani , departmentof computer and information science , linkoping university , sweden . + ` ` from numerical observations to propositional representations : a cognitive methodology to structure hybrid spatial knowledge in the wire project ' ' , mario borillo , irit toulouse and herve pensec , sogerma-socea , groupe aerospatiale , merignac , france . 12 : 45-14 : 15 lunch 14 : 15-16 : 00 3 papers + ` ` decisions , decisions : knowledge goals in planning ' ' , louise pryor , department of artificial intelligence , university of edinburgh , scotland . + ` ` knowing how : a semantic approach ' ' , sam steel , department of computer science , university of essex , england . + ` ` a meta - level framework for exploring conflicts in multiple knowledge bases ' ' mandy haggith , department of artificial intelligence , u of edinburgh , scotland . 16 : 00-16 : 30 break 16 : 30-17 : 50 2 papers + ` ` unsatisfied variables in local search ' ' , ian gent , department of artificial intelligence , university of edinburgh and toby walsh , mechanized reasoning group , irst , genoa , italy . + ` ` an attempt to map the performance of a range of algorithm and heuristic combinations ' ' , edward p . k . tsang , james e . borrett and alvin c . m . kwan , department of computer science , university of essex , england . 20 : 00 conference reception , sheffield kelham island industrial museum ( with don river live steam engine ) thursday 6th april , 1995 09 : 15-10 : 15 invited talk professor john mayhew , aivru , u of sheffield 10 : 15-10 : 45 break 10 : 45-12 : 30 3 papers + ` ` the somass system : a hybrid symbolic and behaviour - based system to plan and execute assemblies by robot ' ' , chris malcolm , department of artificial intelligence , university of edinburgh , scotland . + ` ` multiple agent systems for configuration design ' ' , stuart watt , zdenek zdrahal , knowledge media institute , open university & mike brayshaw , school of computer science , university of birmingham , england . + ` ` symbolic and continuous proceses in the automatic selection of actions ' ' , r cooper , tim shallice & jonathan farringdan , department of psychology , university college , london , england . 12 : 30-14 : 00 lunch 14 : 00-15 : 00 invited talk professor noel sharkey , department of computer science , university of sheffield , england . 15 : 00-15 : 20 break 15 : 20-16 : 30 2 papers + ` ` a neural network decision - support tool for the diagnosis of breast cancer ' ' , joseph downs , robert f harrison , department of automatic control & systems engineering , university of sheffield and simon s cross , department of pathology , university of sheffield medical school , england . + ` ` rulex & cebp networks as the basis for a rule refinement system ' ' , r andrews & shlomo geva , neurocomputing research centre , queensland university , australia 16 : 30-16 : 50 break 16 : 50-18 : 00 2 papers + ` ` a heuristic for general rule extraction from a multilayer perceptron ' ' , zhe ma & robert f harrison , department of automatic control & systems engineering , university of sheffield & r . lee kennedy , department of medicine , university of edinburgh , scotland . + ` ` an adaptive state machine for use in unsupervised parallel learning systems ' ' , christopher j holgate & thomas j w clarke , neural systems engineering group , imperial college , england . 20 : 00 conference banquet , halifax hall 21 : 00 after dinner speech by distinguished seasoned ai researcher friday 7th april , 1995 09 : 15-10 : 15 invited talk professor graeme hirst department of computer science , university of toronto , canada 10 : 15-10 : 45 break 10 : 45-12 : 30 3 papers + ` ` towards learning semantics of spontaneous dialog utterances in a hybrid framework ' ' , volker weber and stefan wermter , computer science department , university of hamburg , germany . + ` ` knowledge acquisition using metaphors ' ' , asoka s karunananda , hyacinth s nwana & pearl brereton , department of computer science , u of keele , england . + ` ` grounding dtms : an interview tool for acquiring meta - strategic teaching knowledge ' ' , nigel major and kieron o hara , department of psychology , university of nottingham , england . 12 : 30-14 : 00 lunch 14 : 00-15 : 00 invited talk professor alex gammerman , dept of computer science , royal holloway and new bedford college , university of london , england . 15 : 00-15 : 20 break 15 : 20-16 : 30 2 papers + ` ` towards hybrid nonmonotonic reasoning systems ' ' , james p delgrande , school of computer science , simon fraser university , canada & torsten h schaub , irisa , rennes , france . + ` ` why some hybrid solutions are n't really solutions ( and why others are n't really hybrid ) ' ' , bradley franks , department of psychology , london school of economics & richard cooper , department of psychology , university college , london , england . 16 : 30-17 : 00 conference ends . workshops and tutorials programme monday 3rd - tuesday 4th april 1995 http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / aisb / aisb95 organiser title mon tue = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ( 1 ) [ code w1 ] d . bridge , engineering knowledge - based systems ( u of york , england ) x point of contact : derek bridge dgb @ minster . york . ac . uk anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / engineering _ kbs _ workshop _ cfp ( 2 ) [ code w2 ] t . fogarty , evolutionary computing ( u of west england ) x x point of contact : terence fogarty : tcf @ btc . uwe . ac . uk anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / evolutionary _ computing _ workshop _ cfp ( 3 ) [ code w3 ] a . ireland , 2nd workshop on automated reasoning : x bridging the gap between theory and practice ( u of edinburgh ) point of contact : andrew ireland : a . ireland @ ed . ac . uk anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / automated _ reasoning _ workshop _ cfp ( 4 ) [ code w4 ] b . jones , postgraduate workshop ( u of edinburgh ) x x point of contact : b . jones : bernie @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk v pub / aisb / aisb95 / postgrad _ workshop _ cfp ( 5 ) [ code w5 ] a . narayanan , language visualisation ( u of exeter ) x point of contact : a . narayanan : ajit @ dcs . exeter . ac . uk . anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / language _ vis _ workshop _ cfp ( 6 ) [ code w6 ] s . o nuallain reaching for mind : foundations of cog science x x ( dublin city university , ireland ) ( national research council , canada ) p . mc kevitt ( university of sheffield , england ) point of contact : sean o nuallain : onuallains @ dcu . ie anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / cogsci _ workshop _ cfp ( 7 ) [ code w7 ] t . prescott , mobile robotics ( u of sheffield ) x point of contact : tony prescott t . prescott @ aivru . sheffield . ac . uk . anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / mobile _ robotics _ workshop _ cfp ( 8 ) [ code w8 ] m . rosner , ai education - - goals , courses , resources x ( idsia , lugano , switzerland ) point of contact : michael rosner aisb @ idsia . ch anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / ai _ ed _ workshop _ cfp tutorials organiser title mon tue = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ( 1 ) [ code t1 ] d . benyon intelligent user interfaces x ( open university , england ) anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / intelligent-ui - tutorial ( 2 ) [ code t2 ] m . fisher programming with temporal logics x ( afternoon ) ( manchester metropoliton university , england ) anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / prog-temp - log-tutorial ( 3 ) [ code t3 ] t . fruehwirth constraint reasoning - build your own solver x ( ecrc , munich , germany ) anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / constraint-reasoning - tutorial ( 4 ) [ code t4 ] m . patel ga + nn hybrid systems x ( ics-forth , heraklion , greece ) anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / ga _ nn _ tutorial ( 5 ) [ code t5 ] f . ritter soar cognitive architecture x ( university of nottingham , england ) anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / soar _ tutorial ( 6 ) [ code t6 ] s . zrehen perac : a modular neural network architecture for autonomous robots ( lausanne university , switzerland ) x anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / perac _ tutorial demos / open days / services information on demos by the departments of computer science and psychology on current research projects in ai and cognitive science will be provided during the conference . also , the department of computer science will have open days where delegates at the conference can meet researchers . it is intended that the department will provide on site ftp / www and e - mail services to delegates . contact addresses : aisb-95 conference chair / local organisation : paul mc kevitt e - mail : p . mckevitt @ dcs . shef . ac . uk department of computer science www : http : / / www . dcs . shef . ac . uk / regent court www : http : / / www . shef . ac . uk / 211 portobello street ftp : ftp . dcs . shef . ac . uk university of sheffield fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 114-278 - 0972 gb - s1 4dp , sheffield phone : + 44 ( 0 ) 114-282 - 5572 ( office ) england , uk , eu . 282-5596 ( lab . ) 282-5590 ( secretary ) aisb-95 workshops and tutorials chair : dr . robert gaizauskas e - mail : robertg @ dcs . shef . ac . uk department of computer science www : http : / / www . dcs . shef . ac . uk / university of sheffield www : http : / / www . shef . ac . uk / 211 portobello street ftp : ftp . dcs . shef . ac . uk regent court fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 114 278-0972 sheffield s1 4dp phone : + 44 ( 0 ) 114 282-5572 u . k . aisb-95 programme chair : john hallam e - mail : john @ aifh . edinburgh . ac . uk department of artificial intelligence fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1 31 650 6899 university of edinburgh phone : + 44 ( 0 ) 1 31 650 3097 5 forrest hill edinburgh eh1 2ql scotland . venue the venue for registration and all conference events is : halifax hall of residence , endcliffe vale road , gb - s10 5df , sheffield , uk , eu . fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 114-266 - 3898 tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 114-266 - 3506 ( 24 hour porter ) tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 114-266 - 4196 ( manager norma taylor ) address ( for registrations ) alison white email : alisonw @ cogs . susx . ac . uk aisb executive office www : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / aisb cognitive and computing sciences ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk / pub / aisb university of sussex tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 678448 falmer , brighton fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 671320 england , uk , bn1 9qh address ( for general enquiries ) gill wells , email : g . wells @ dcs . shef . ac . uk administrative assistant , aisb-95 , fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 114-278 - 0972 department of computer science , phone : + 44 ( 0 ) 114-278 - 5590 regent court , 211 portobello street , university of sheffield , gb - s1 4dp , sheffield , uk , eu . email : aisb95 @ dcs . shef . ac . uk ( for auto responses ) www : http : / / www . dcs . shef . ac . uk / aisb95 [ sheffield computer science ] ftp : ftp . dcs . shef . ac . uk ( cd aisb95 ) www : http : / / www . shef . ac . uk / [ sheffield computing services ] ftp : ftp . shef . ac . uk ( cd aisb95 ) www : http : / / ijcai . org / ) [ ijcai-95 , montreal ] www : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / aisb [ aisb society sussex ] ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk / pub / aisb programme committee dave cliff ( u of sussex ) , erik sandewall ( u of linkoeping ) , nigel shadbolt ( u of nottingham ) , sam steel ( u of essex ) , yorick wilks ( u of sheffield ) local organisation committee ( u of sheffield ) phil green , jim mcgregor , bob minors , tony prescott , and tony simons publicity malcolm crawford , mark lee , derek marriott , and simon morgan ( cambridge ) delegates wishing to join aisb ( thus avoiding the non - aisb - member supplement ) should contact : aisb administration , e - mail : aisb @ cogs . susx . ac . uk cognitive and computing sciences ( cogs ) www : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / aisb university of sussex ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk / pub / aisb gb - bn1 9qh , falmer , brighton fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 671320 uk , eu . phone : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 678448 aisb office ( university of sussex ) tony cohn ( chairman ) , roger evans ( treasurer ) , chris thornton ( secretary ) , and alison white ( executive office )
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1070,"Subject: ie conference
 
 announcement & call for papers seventh annual ucla indo-european conference program in indo - european studies , university of california , los angeles the seventh annual ucla indo - european conference will be held on 26-27 may 1995 at the ucla campus . as in the past , we invite papers on any aspect of indo - european studies : linguistics , archaeology , comparative mythology and culture . papers on both interdisciplinary and specific topics ( e . g . , typology , methodology , reconstruction , the relation of indo - european to other language groups , the interpretation of material culture , etc . ) are welcome . abstracts should be approximately two typewritten pages ( double-spaced ) and must be received by 10 march 1995 . a period of twenty minutes will be allotted for each paper , followed by a ten-minute discussion period . through the generosity of its donors , the friends and alumni of indo - european studies ( faies ) will offer two prizes for the best papers by a current student or recent ph . d . ( received 1990 or later ) : one prize for a paper in linguistics , and one for a paper in either archaeology or mythology . please indicate your current status and year of ph . d . if you qualify . no previous winners please . address all abstracts and inquiries to : ie conference committee classics department 7349 bunche hall , ucla 405 hilgard avenue los angeles , ca 90024-1475 e-mail : iep0rmr @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu for further information call : weekdays : 310 / 825-4171
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1071,"Subject: sle conference announcement
 
 first circular and call for papers 28th annual meeting of the societas linguistica europaea leiden , 31 august , 1 - 2 september , 1995 the university of leiden has the pleasure of inviting the members of the societas linguistica europaea to the 28th annual meeting , to be held in leiden , the netherlands , from thursday 31 august to saturday 2 september 1995 . the conference will be hosted by the faculty of letters of the university of leiden . the general theme of the conference is : descriptive and theoretical perspectives on comparative linguistics 1 . submission of abstracts and programme members are invited to submit abstracts for 30 minute papers , including 10 minutes of discussion . papers can be presented in separate sections , workshops , or round tables . abstracts which are intended for section presentation will be refereed by a selection committee ; abstracts intended for workshops or round tables will be assessed by workshop organizers or round table conveners . proposals for workshops or round tables are eagerly invited by the organizing committee ; they should adhere to the general theme of the conference as much as possible . abstracts submitted should not exceed one page , and should be in at least 12 - point type with one - inch margins all round . since abstracts are to be reproduced in the meeting handbook , they should be printed in clear type . if using a typewriter , make sure to use a new ribbon . the deadline for submission of abstracts is 31 january 1995 . abstracts should be sent to : sle 1995 selection committee department of english university of leiden p . o box 9515 2300 ra leiden the netherlands the programme will include four keynote addresses , to be given by erica garcia ( leiden ) , pieter muysken ( amsterdam ) , johanna nichols ( ucla ) , and ianthi tsimpli & neil smith ( ucl ) . 2 . conference fee for regular sle members , the conference fee is dfl . 125 , which includes the conference folder , the meeting handbook , refreshments , three lunches , and a buffet reception . for students and research assistants , the fee will be dfl . 75 . non - members wishing to attend the conference will be charged an additional dfl . 50 . payment will only be accepted in dutch currency . the conference fee should be paid into postal giro account 5855626 , department of english , university of leiden , mentioning sle 1995 . if payment by cheque is preferred , cheques should be made payable to "" department of english , university of leiden "" , mentioning sle 1995 . please note that payment by cheque involves bank transfer costs , which currently amount to dfl . 20 . if this method of payment is preferred , dfl . 20 should be added to the conference fee . payment should be made simultaneously with the return of the pre-registration form . payment of the conference fee in august 1995 involves an additional cost of dfl . 25 . colleagues from eastern european countries in need of financial assistance are requested to contact the organizing committee as soon as possible , in view of the limited funds available for financial support . 3 . preliminary registration and accommodation all participants should fill in the enclosed preliminary registration form and return it by 31 january 1995 . hotel accommodation can be arranged in two ways : either by directly contacting the hotel selected from the enclosed list of hotels , or by returning the enclosed card to the nrc reservations centre at leidschendam , who will attempt to find accommodation , at no extra charge . the organization committee will not be in a position to assist with hotel accommodation . the hotel situation in leiden is extremely tight , so members are urgently advised to make early reservations . a second circular , with the provisional programme and further particulars , will be sent out by 31 march 1995 . organizing committee of the 1995 sle annual meeting frits beukema , peter lange , johan rooryck , rieks smeets , wim van der wurff postal and e - mail addresses sle department of english p . o . box 9515 2300 ra leiden the netherlands e - mail : sle @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl this e-mail address will be in use from 1 november 1994 to 31 october 1995 and can be used for all inquiries . xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx sle 1995 pre - registration form august 31 , september 1 - 2 , 1995 university of leiden , the netherlands please return to : sle 1995 department of english university of leiden p . o . box 9515 2300 ra leiden the netherlands deadline for pre-registration : 31 january 1995 name affiliation mailing address e - mail address please check amount : before 31 january 1995 after 31 january 1995 regular member _ _ _ dfl 125 _ _ _ dfl 150 student , etc . _ _ _ dfl 75 _ _ _ dfl 100 non - member _ _ _ dfl 175 _ _ _ dfl 200 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx e - mail address : sle @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl
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1072,"Subject: second cfp tsm ' 95
 
 second call ( < < second call < < < second call < < < second call < < < second call 5th toulouse international workshop time , space and movement - - - - - meaning and knowledge in the sensible world organized by the ` ` langue , raisonnement , calcul ' ' group irit , universite paul sabatier toulouse erss , universite de toulouse - le mirail cnrs ura 1399 , ura 1033 chateau de bonas in gascony , france 23-27 june , 1995 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ call for papers ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this workshop will be the fifth one in a series which began in 1989 . like previous editions , it aims at gathering researchers from a variety of fields around the themes of the semantics of time , space and movement , in a castle in the middle of the beautiful landscape of gascony . unlike previous ones , though , next year 's workshop will not gather only invited researchers , but will be open to participants submitting a contribution . wishing to preserve the friendly and cheerful atmosphere that characterized the series , we will limit the number of participants to 50 , and will achieve a balance between invited talks and submitted contributions . motivations ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ when natural language utterances are about sensible world , the computation of the spatial and spatio-temporal reference plays a major part in the construction of their formal representation . if the understanding of a discourse is the ability to infer adequate answers to questions about its informational content , the ability to deduce properties of the discourse objects ( like their localisation , their structure or their shape ) from the discourse representation , allows the cognitive validation of these representations . the most recent works in discourse theory ( drt , sdrt ) clearly show the necessity to take into account , in addition to linguistic and pragmatic information , common knowledge about the universe of discourse . in its whole generality , the formal representation of this component of the meaning can very well be hopeless . we propose to focus the attention on a specific category of discourses , namely discourses which refer to the sensible world . in this case , common knowledge reflects the structure and the properties of mental representations of space , movement and time , these representations being available not only through the analysis of linguistic expressions but also through the analysis of different forms of reasoning and decision-taking associated with perception . topics of interest ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ we propose to discuss the possible contributions of spatial and spatio-temporal knowledge representation and reasoning to discourse interpretation ; as well as the possible contributions of the analysis of time , space and movement in language to the comprehension of the organization of the perceived objects , and to the identification of their cognitively relevant properties . contributions are invited on substantial and original research on various aspects of time , space and movement , including , but not limited to , the following . a . semantics of time , space and movement in natural language - lexical semantics : from linguistic and conceptual description to formalisation - from lexicon to sentence and discourse : role of the spatial and spatio-temporal ( s & st ) common-sense knowledge in discourse interpretation - logics and deductive mechanisms : * for the computation of the s & st reference * for the cognitive validation of discourse representations b . knowledge representation and s & st reasoning - ontology of s & st entities : philosophical analysis and formalisation - mental representations of space , time and movement - mathematics of the sensible world - naive physics , qualitative s & st reasoning - logics and visual reasoning - contributions to discourse representation c . relations between language and perception - imaginal and / or propositional structures of mental representations - from language to visual perception : from propositional to numerical structures ( image synthesis ) - from visual perception to language : from numerical to propositional structures ( image interpretation ) - mathematical and logical problems of hybrid reasoning invited speakers ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ nicholas asher , linguistics and philosophy , austin patrick blackburn , logic and computational linguistics , saarbruecken mimo caenepeel * , linguistics , edinburgh anthony cohn , artificial intelligence , leeds john etchemendy , philosophy , stanford luis farinas del cerro , logics and computer science , toulouse christian freksa * , cognitive science , hamburg christopher habel * , cognitive science , hamburg patrick hayes * , artificial intelligence , urbana gerd herzog , artificial intelligence , saarbruecken hans kamp * , linguistics and philosophy , stuttgart manfred krifka , linguistics , austin carlota smith , linguistics , austin barbara tversky * , psychology , stanford claude vandeloise , linguistics , baton - rouge achille varzi , philosophy , trento henk verkuyl , linguistics , utrecht co vet , linguistics , groningen ( * ) to be confirmed programme committee ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ chair : mario borillo , artificial intelligence , toulouse nicholas asher , linguistics and philosophy , austin patrick blackburn , logics and computational linguistics , saarbruecken andree borillo , linguistics , toulouse anthony cohn , artificial intelligence , leeds john etchemendy , philosophy , stanford patrick hayes , artificial intelligence , urbana carlota smith , linguistics , austin barbara tversky , psychology , stanford achille varzi , philosophy , trento co vet , linguistics , groningen laure vieu , artificial intelligence , toulouse format for submission ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ submitted papers should be at most 12 pages in length and be produced in 12pt ( default latex article style is ok ) . submissions should provide the affiliation , full postal address , telephone and fax numbers , and e-mail address ( if any ) of the author ( s ) . a few words stating the position of the paper with respect to the topics of interest would be useful , as well as a 100-200 word abstract . electronic submission ( plain ascii , latex , uuencoded postscript , or binhex mac word files ) is recommended . they should be sent to tsm @ irit . fr before 10 february 1995 . hard - copy submissions ( 4 copies ) should reach the programme chair no late than 10 february 1995 . notification of acceptance will be sent to authors by 10 april , 1995 , and final versions ( camera-ready ) will be due by 15 may , 1995 . these will be compiled as workshop notes to be distributed to the participants . schedule ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ papers submission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 february , 1995 notification of acceptance . . . . . . 10 april , 1995 final version due . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 may , 1995 workshop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-27 june , 1995 organization ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ organizing committee : pascal amsili , irit michel aurnague , erss andree borillo , erss mario borillo , irit myriam bras - grivart , irit pierre sablayrolles , irit laure vieu , irit contact : tsm ' 95 c / o mario borillo irit - universite paul sabatier 118 , route de narbonne , f-31062 toulouse cedex france tel : ( + 33 ) 61 . 55 . 60 . 91 fax : ( + 33 ) 61 . 55 . 83 . 25 e - mail : tsm @ irit . fr www : http : / / www . irit . fr / activites / eq _ lrc / tsm95 . html
",0
1073,"Subject: japanese discourse analysis
 
 i have a student working on a project involving text-structuring devices ( metadiscourse markers ) in japanese and english . she has found few references to such work on japanese . is anyone aware of such work ? karl krahnke colorado state university krahnke @ lamar . colostate . edu thanks in advance for any help .
",0
1074,"Subject: collocations of the french "" rapide "" ( fwd )
 
 i am doing a study of the use and meaning of the adjective "" rapide "" in french , with particular emphasis on its collocations , for exemple : pas rapides , mouvement rapide , geste rapide , coup d ' oeil rapide . i am trying to locate references on the semantic and distributional analysis of ' rapide ' . any suggestions about how to locate references in this area would be greatly appreciated . i have already checked in the mla , llba and in the bulletin analytique de la linguistique francaise . many thanks for any help . tatjana janicijevic tatjana @ unixg . ubc . ca
",0
1075,"Subject: more on nlp
 
 to the readers : i have recently sent out several email inquiries to various list services that i subscribe to in an attempt to learn why we do not see more software that can relate to the complexities of human grammar . that is , i was trying to learn why do n't we see better grammar checkers , more translation software , and more sophisticated language tutoring software . if there were a theory of syntax that could be programmed at all would n't there also be a swarm of programs being offered by researchers and graduate students from around the world ? would n't we be arguing about the merits of "" lfg - linguist 3 . 1 "" vs "" gb - linguist 2 . 0 . "" and would n't we be arguing about the merits of one theories labelled bracketing versus another 's ? further , other areas that might use language interfaces such as games and program internal "" help facilities "" are also quite primitive . granted , the difficulties of trying to get a program to account for pro - - blems of meaning have occupied programmers for years , but this in itself is not sufficient enough explanation for why we do not see more results in areas that require a program to exhibit a sophisticated understanding of the structure of human language . which brings me to the point of this query . to improve my understanding of this problem and perhaps to generate some meaningful dialog about this problem , i would like to propose the following list of what we should minimally expect of a program or a theory of syntax that claims to be able to handle the structure of human language . i would like to invite readers to add to the list or to point out which areas have already been adequately handled . if an area is adequately handled , i would like information on how to receive the software that is available . i divide this list into three basic areas : 1 ) minimum requirements for linguists , 2 ) minimum requirements for grammar checkers , foreign language tutoring software , and other more secular uses of syntax , and 3 ) minimum requirements for translation technology . i . minimum requirements for linguists . a program or a theory of syntax that is to be programmed must minimally be able to : 1 ) provide a full labelled bracketing of any string ( including information about intermediate and maximal level nodes ) . 2 ) provide the parts of speech of all items in a string 3 ) provide the parts of a sentence ( subject , direct object , etc ) of a string 4 ) provide acceptability judgements for sentences that can be parsed ( e . g . john1 likes himself2 is parsable but unacceptable ) . 5 ) provide judgements about topicalized sentences , fronted wh questions , tough - movement sentences , relative clauses , noun clauses , cleft and pseudo - cleft sentences , pied - piping , the complex np constraint , control sentences , parasitic gap sentences , island conditions , the that trace effect , the coreferrence requirements of pronouns and reciprocals , and strong and weak crossover effects . 6 ) perhaps provide explanations for why particular parses fail . ii . minimum requirements for grammar checkers , foreign language tutoring software , and other more secular uses of syntax . a program or theory of syntax that is to be of value in these areas should minimally : 1 ) provide information about part of speech 2 ) provide information about part of sentence ( subject , object , etc ) 3 ) provide demonstrations of grammatical constructions e . g . make passivesentences from active and active from passive , make questions from statements , join two sentences into one using a variety of conjunctions , transitions and prepositions . 4 ) provide judgements about errors in the production of sentences 5 ) provide information about types of clauses : subordinate / main , adverb , noun etc . 6 ) provide information about sentence type e . g . simple , complex , compound , etc . 7 ) analyze punctuation of words , phrases , and clauses ( including coordination ) . minimum requirements for translation technology : 1 ) provide a correct parse for the subject language and provide a grammatically correct sentence in the target language . 2 ) provide acceptability judgements and other grammar checking of sentences in both languages . 3 ) be able to do convert some sentences in both languages : e . g . statement to question , active to passive and so on . this list might be short in many ways , but i think it illustrates my point . there is a lot more that could be happening in the realm of computational syntax , but it is not happening . if i am overly pessimistic , i would like to know where i can find software that can do the above . i will post all responses to the list as a summary . also , if anyone would like to add to this list , i will keep track of the responses and post them to the list . also , if someone can explain what prevents these developments i would appreciate that as well . phil bralich bralich @ uhccux . uhcc . hawaii . edu
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1076,"Subject: call papers - systemic workshop
 
 content - length : 1717 call for papers 7th international systemic functional workshop ' language as choice ' 26 - 29 july 1995 university of valencia , spain call for papers abstracts are invited for papers ( 20 minutes will be allowed for each presentation , with 10 minutes extra for questions and discussion ) on any aspect appropriate to the title language as choice . papers may have a highly specific focus , or be on more general topics ; workshop proposals are particularly encouraged . a one-page abstract should be submitted by 10 february 1195 . ( the deadline has been extended ) . notification of abstracts accepted will be given by 15 march 1995 . mailing address : dr . antonia sanchez depto . filologia inglesa y alemana facultad de filologia universitat de valencia blasco ibanez 28 46010 valencia tel : + 34 6 3864262 fax : + 34 6 3864161 e . mail : sanchezma @ mac . uv . es for any further information , please contact the above address
",0
1077,"Subject: gala ' 95 : call for papers
 
 groningen assembly on language acquisition 1995 university of groningen the netherlands 7 - 9 september 1995 the conference aims to bring together researchers willing to discuss the merits and constraints of different theoretical approaches to language acquisition , in particular generative linguistics , constructionism , dynamic systems modelling , and connectionism . invited speakers harald clahsen university of essex annette karmiloff - smith mrc london kim plunkett university of oxford luigi rizzi university of geneva paul van geert university of groningen abstract submissions abstracts may cover all aspects of language acquisition relating to the core areas of linguistics , including phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics and the interfaces . selection of abstracts will be based on not only their quality but also their potential to contribute to the conference 's interactive objective . abstract submissions should include : 1 . five ( 5 ) copies of a one-page , double-spaced abstract of the paper ( no posters ) , preferably in 12 - point font or type , with a title . omit name and affiliation . reviewing will be anonymous . 2 . a 10cm by 15cm ( or 3 "" by 5 "" ) card with the title of the paper , the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliation , mailing address , and e-mail address . also specify any necessary av equipment . abstracts should provide a complete overview of the research that will be presented : a statement of the main hypotheses , a brief account of the method , data gathering and results , and a summary of the conclusions reached . the deadline for abstract submissions is april 15 , 1995 . any submissions that arrive after this date will not be accepted . abstracts should be sent to : gala 1995 university of groningen department of linguistics postbus 716 9700 as groningen the netherlands inquiries should be sent to the above address , or by e-mail to : gala95 @ let . rug . nl . up to date information with regard to the conference , including registration information , can also be found at : http : / / www . let . rug . nl / linguistics / events / gala / this document can be retrieved from the above www site or through ftp , via anonymous log-in to : tyr . let . rug . nl , / pub / linguistics / events / gala please note : abstract submissions via e-mail will not be accepted ! = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - =
",0
1078,"Subject: call for abstracts : optimality in syntactic theory
 
 content - length : 4437 call for papers is the best good enough ? workshop on optimality in syntactic theory to be held at the massachusetts institute of technology , cambridge , ma , may 19-21 1995 . syntactic research in a variety of frameworks is assigning a growing role to the notion of comparison . this work , which is at the forefront of current research , includes theories involving principles of economy and optimality . much of this work is still unpublished or in formative stages ( legendre , raymond , and smolensky ( 1993 ) , grimshaw ( 1993 ) , pesetsky ( 1994 ) , chomsky ( 1989 , 1993 , 1994 ) ) . the relevant data vary from one account to another , but empirical comparisons of these proposals now can and should be undertaken . ) from may 19-21 , 1995 , mit will be hosting a workshop to explore and clarify particular issues of syntactic theories in which comparison plays a significant role . the workshop will consist of invited talks and talks selected from anonymously submitted abstracts . abstracts are invited to address the following questions : * what is the nature of the candidate or reference set for comparison ? which linguistic objects compete for the best choice ? * what criteria determine the optimal output from a set of candidates ? * does the grammar compare derivations ( as with the economy principles of chomsky ( 1989 , 1993 ) ) or representations ( as in the optimality theoretic analyses developed for phonology by prince and smolensky ( 1993 ) ) . * is language acquisition or variation explained by parameterization or constraint re-ranking ? * what are the computational implications and requirements of the different approaches ? invited talks will be presented by : joan bresnan , stanford noam chomsky , mit jane grimshaw , rutgers david pesetsky , mit paul smolensky and geraldine legendre , johns hopkins university edward stabler , ucla submissions for consideration must be received by march 15 , 1994 , via mail or fax transmission . authors whose abstracts are accepted will be requested to provide a more complete paper by mid - april to prepare focused discussion . we may be able to assist with travel costs for student or unemployed presenters . eight or nine 30 - minute time slots are reserved for accepted papers , each with an additional 10 minutes for questions and discussion . abstracts should be anonymous and not longer than two pages . mailing address : good enough mit 20d-219 77 massachusetts avenue , cambridge , ma , 02139 mailings should include six copies of an anonymous abstract with a cover sheet indicating the paper title , author 's name , affiliation , address , phone number , and email address . fax transmissions may be made to ( 617 ) 253-5017 , attention : david pesetsky , and should also include the cover sheet . any further questions may be addressed by email to good-enough @ mit . edu . more detailed conference information will also be made available via anonymous ftp to broca . mit . edu , in the pub / good-enough directory . references cited above : chomsky , n . ( 1989 ) , "" some notes on economy of derivation and representation . "" in laka , i . and a . mahajan ( ed . ) _ mit working papers in linguistics 10 , cambridge : mit working papers in linguistics . chomsky , n . ( 1993 ) , "" a minimalist program for linguistic theory , "" in hale , k . and j . keyser ( ed . ) _ a view from building 20 _ , cambridge : mit press . chomsky , n . ( 1994 ) , "" bare phrase structure , "" occasional paper # 5 , cambridge : mit working papers in linguistics . grimshaw , j . ( 1993 ) , "" minimal projection , heads , and optimality , "" ms . rutgers university [ available by anonymous ftp from ruccs . rutgers . edu , as pub / ot / papers / minproj . ps ] , to appear in linguistic inquiry . legendre , g . , w . raymond , and p . smolensky ( 1993 ) "" an optimality - theoretic typology of case and grammatical voice systems , "" _ proceedings of the nineteenth annual meeting of the berkeley linguistic society _ , berkeley , ca , 464-478 . pesetsky , d . ( in prep . ) , _ syntax at the edge : optimality effects in sentence grammar _ [ handouts only available by anonymous ftp from ruccs . rutgers . edu , as pub / ot / papers / sentpron . ps ] . prince , a . and p . smolensky ( 1993 ) , _ optimality theory : constraint interaction in generative grammar _ , ruccs technical report # 2 , rutgers university center for cognitive science , piscataway , new jersey [ to appear , mit press ] .
",0
1079,"Subject: salford seminars
 
 content - length : 2116 university of salford , uk european studies research institute ( esri ) centre for language and linguistics seminar programme 1995 the following seminars have been planned : wednesday 22 february ` what 's the use of dictionaries ? ' reinhard hartmann , essex monday 27 february ` first steps in learning french : a study of ( 5 . 30pm ) progression in the secondary school ' ros mitchell , southampton wednesday 8 march ` the nature of translation ' stephen thomas , salford wednesday 15 march ` the variational approach in translation ' myriam carr , salford wednesday 22 march ` the unit of translation ' michel ballard , artois wednesday 10 may ` pragmatic factors in syntactic change : a r&g college spanish case study ' christopher pountain , cambridge wednesday 17 may ` proper nouns , generics , and the count-mass r&g college distinction ' christopher lyons , salford seminars will take place at 4 . 30 in room g21 , crescent house , university of salford unless otherwise indicated . for further information , contact charlotte hoffmann , associate director , centre of language and linguistics , esri . tel : + 44 161 745 5990
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1080,"Subject: wccfl predication workshop preliminary program
 
 wccfl workshop predication university of southern california , los angeles march 9 , 1995 preliminary program thursday , march 9 12 : 30 - 1 : 00 registration 1 : 00 - 1 : 30 sabine iatridou and spyridoula varlokosta ( univ . of pennsylvania ) "" why modern greek has only predicational pseudo - clefts "" 1 : 30 - 2 : 00 peter svenonius ( univ . of tromso ) "" toward a typology of predicators "" 2 : 15 - 2 : 45 rose - marie dechaine ( univ . of british columbia ) "" the adjective - adverb connection "" 2 : 45 - 3 : 15 antonia androutsopoulou ( ucla ) "" the licensing of adjectival modification "" 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 orin percus ( mit ) "" topics and semantic partition "" 4 : 00 - 4 : 30 norbert hornstein , sara rosen and juan uriagereka ( univ . of maryland ) "" integral predications ""
",0
1081,"Subject: conf : translating literature and film
 
 university of salford , greater manchester , uk european studies research institute ( esri ) international conference translating literature and film : themes and versions through an anglo - french looking-glass 3 - 5 april 1995 faraday house , research and graduate college , university of salford , uk . programme monday 3 april 1400-1430 registration 1430-1530 ` la traduction des references culturelles dans the secret diary of adrian mole ' jean - pierre mailhac , salford 1530-1600 tea 1600-1700 ` the best of both worlds : english and french in poetic expression ' martin sorrell , exeter 1700-1800 ` le journal d ' une femme de chambre / the diary of a chambermaid : issues of translation ' anthony simons , reading 1900-2030 dinner ( university house ) tuesday 4 april 0930-1030 ` de montaigne a valery larbaud : la forme en traduction ' myriam carr , salford 1030-1100 coffee 1100-1200 ` literary translation and cultural transmissibility ' michael wetherill , manchester 1200-1300 ` remakes and rewriting : questions of originality and authenticity ' lucy mazdon , southampton 1300-1400 lunch ( maxwell building , room 316 ) 1400-1500 ` the built-in obsolescence of translation ' robert thornberry , alberta 1500-1600 keynote lecture ` translation , imitation , appropriation : on working with impossible texts ' david bellos , manchester 1600-1630 tea 1630-1730 ` translating film : the impossible dream ' peter fawcett , bradford 1730-1830 ` why duplicate this particular solace ? : beckett 's self-translations ' jane walling , durham 1900-2030 conference dinner ( university house ) wednesday 5 april 0930-1030 ` j ' irai cracher sur vos tombes : a two-faced translation ' keith scott , aberystwyth 1030-1100 coffee 1100-1200 ` translating war poetry ' ian higgins , st andrews 1200-1300 keynote lecture ` the ethics of translation ' mary ann caws , city university of new york 1300-1400 lunch ( maxwell building , room 316 ) for further information and a registration form , please contact professor geoff harris or his secretary on + 44 161 745 5614 or e-mail : h . d . roberts @ mod-lang . salford . ac . uk department of modern languages university of salford salford m5 4wt united kingdom
",0
1082,"Subject: braille ipa
 
 at the end of 1994 , i sent out a request for information on a braille ipa . a number of people responded . i will begin by thanking them here ( in order of receipt of their messages ) : richard ogden sebastian adorjan dyhr martin lange david hathaway robert hoberman patrick griffiths robert englebretson one source is the royal national institute for the blind in england for which i was given two addresses : stephen phippen , chief editor braille transcription royal national institute for the blind po box 173 peterborough , england pe2 6ws telephone : 0345 023153 and royal national institute for the blind 224 , great portland street mount pleasant london great britain in addition , patrick griffiths wrote : ) alan kemp ( who has recently retired from the linguistics department at ) edinburgh university ) supplied me with computer versions of a braille ) phonetics system that he and bob ladd had devised for a student there a ) few years ago . i imagine that writing to or emailing dr d robert ladd , ) linguistics department , edinburgh university , 40 george square , edinburgh ) eh8 9ll , scotland , uk , would be a way of pursuing this lead . finally , robert englebretson , a grad student in linguistics at the university of california at santa barbara provided a very detailed message . he is himself blind and has used some form of transcription . among other things , he wrote : ) the basic source of information on the braille ipa system is the standard ) "" code of braille textbook formats and techniques , 1977 "" rule xix , section 45 , ) which gives a complete list of ipa and other commonly-used diacritics and ) symbols , and discusses rules for braille transcription of linguistics ) materials in general . ( the basic symbols listed in this work , with some ) additions and changes , are from "" a braille notation of the international ) phonetic alphabet "" , by w . percy merrick and w . potthoff , royal national ) institute for the blind , london , 1932 ; revised 1948 ) . the relevant section ) from "" code of braille textbook formats . . . "" gives a good overview of each ) braille symbol and how it is used , and describes the print symbol it ) represents . the verbal descriptions of the printed symbols are extremely ) useful , since they can provide a means of communicating about a particular ) symbol without having to see it visually . i have a copy of this section in ) both print and braille , and have found both very useful . i can provide ) information about where to get both a braille and a print copy of this ) section , if you are interested . ) a second work i have found useful , was compiled by a braille transcriber ) ( unfortunately now deceased ) who had a great interest in linguistics . it is ) entitled "" phonetic - phonemic symbols in tactile representation "" , and is a list ) of raised tactile drawings of print symbols , with their braille equivalents . ) this is a very useful work for a blind student to get a "" feel "" for the print ) symbols and also as a reference to the braille symbols . the braille edition ) of this booklet costs about $ 3 , and i will be happy to provide contact and ) ordering information upon request . ) i would very much like to get in touch with other people who know ) and / or use the ipa braille system ( both to possibly find braille ) transcribers who know it , as well as to "" network "" with others who ) either use braille or are interested in it . his email address is : 6500reng @ ucsbuxa . ucsb . edu
",0
1083,"Subject: re : 6 . 137 ipa
 
 i did n't follow this discussion , but my reaction is : ' altus ' only means its own opposite when translated into english ( or other languages ) . ' altus ' means ) altus ( , full stop . it 's more a property of the sea ( cf . german ' auf hoher see ' ) that it is ' high ' and 'd eep ' at the same time , depending on perspective ; latin choses to use the same expression for both perspectives . hartmut haberland
",0
1084,"Subject: re : 6 . 137 ipa
 
 hac ( h ) ek = little hook . is n't the reason why so many "" amerricanists "" used the hac ( h ) ek , especially for the two major affricates in english , related to the fact that these affricates in english function not as two things but as one thing ? now i am a bit confused , because i had usually used the word "" wedge "" for the diacritic above the "" c "" and the "" j "" - not "" hacek . "" also , if "" hacek "" means "" little hook "" as defined in pullum and ladusaw ( p . 29 ) , is n't it better related to the cedilla , which to me looks more like a little hook than the wedge ? ? ? diacritic mania ! hugh buckingham
",0
1085,"Subject: re : 6 . 108 sum : words that are their own opposites ( part 2 )
 
 ) bruce nevin reminds us of an intercontinental auto-antonym pair : "" public ) school "" in britain is "" private school "" in the usa and vice versa . ) well hardly . and certainly not vice-versa . the british public schools are a subset of the private schools . contrary to american impressions the term "" private school "" is widely used in uk , as is "" independent school "" in the same meaning . not all private schools are public schools . the term "" state school "" is the usual term for a school that is free for all pupils . anthea fraser gupta english language & literature national university of singapore kent ridge e-mail : ellgupta @ nus . sg singapore 0511 telephone : ( 65 ) 772 3933
",0
1086,"Subject: re : 6 . 139 words that are their own opposites
 
 benji wald ( 6 . 139 ) writes : ) but one that i have long wondered about is ) "" risk "" as in "" he risked winning the game "" . i was shocked ( as a teenager ) ) the first time i saw "" he risked losing the game "" ( or something like that ) ) in print , because i previously thought ( and am still inclined toward ) ) the complement of risk being the desirable result , not the undesirable ) one . whether or not this fits into this discussion , i wonder if anyone ) else has had a similar ( or opposite ) reaction or any thoughts ) about what 's going on in the case of "" risk "" . my intuition is certainly the opposite one ; ` he risked winning the game ' sounds ironical - makes sense only via the inference that winning the game is an undesirable result . for me ` risk ' is synonymous with ` take the risk of ' . is that also true for those who share benji 's intuition ? to use the morpheme _ risk _ in a construction which has benji 's interpretation of ` he risked winning the game ' , i would need to say ` he put winning the game at risk ' . is there a dialect difference here ? max wheeler school of cognitive & computing sciences university of sussex falmer brighton bn1 9qh uk
",0
1087,"Subject: re : 6 . 139 words that are their own opposites
 
 then there is the curious case of the word "" yet "" , which , as far as i know , formerly meant almost the same as german "" noch "" , but has shifted , through "" not yet "" , esp . in questions , to german "" schon "" . but here in toledo there are people ( my wife ) , who uze it in both meanings - - the syntax alone shows which .
",0
1088,"Subject: a semiotic view of win and dos ? for your musement . . .
 
 definitely , a play of musement : subject : the software schism ( fwd ) thanks to nancy owens ( nowens @ csun . edu ) and harold goldwhite ( harold _ goldwhite @ qmbridge . calstate . edu ) i append extracts from a piece by umberto eco that was first posted on the internet in oct . 94 : "" . . . i am firmly of the opinion that the macintosh is catholic and that dos is protestant . indeed the mac is counterreformist and has been influenced by the methodical path of the jesuits . it tells the faithful how they must proceed step by step to reach-if not the kingdom of heaven - the moment in which their document is printed . it is catechistic ; the essence of revelation is dealt with via simple formulae and sumptuous icons . . . . . dos is protestant and even calvinistic . it allows free interpretation of scripture , demands difficult personal decisions , imposes a subtle hermeneutics upon the user , and takes for granted the idea that not all can reach salvation . to make the system work you need to interpret it yourself ; the user is closed within the loneliness of his own inner torment . . . . . with the passage to windows the dos universe has come to resemble more closely the counterreformist tolerance of the mac . it 's true : windows represents an anglican - style schism - - big ceremonies in the cathedral but with the possibility of returning to dos to fiddle with things . with windows you can still decide to allow women and gays to be priests if you want to . and what about the machine language that lies beneath both operating systems ? ah , that is the stuff of the old testament , talmudic and kabbalistic . "" alan c . harris , ph . d . telnos : main off : 818-885 - 2853 professor , communication / linguistics direct off : 818-885 - 2874 speech communication department california state university , northridge home : 818-366 - 3165 spch csun fax : 818-885 - 2663 northridge , ca 91330-8257 internet email : aharris @ huey . csun . edu
",0
1089,"Subject: gurt 1995 ( conference program )
 
 georgetown university round table on languages and linguistics 1995 pre - sessions and conference : march 6-11 , 1995 "" linguistics and the education of second language teachers : ethnolinguistic , psycholinguistic , and sociolinguistic aspects "" main conference opening session : wednesday , march 8 , 1995 , 7 : 30 p . m . , georgetown campus , gaston hall ( registration required ) opening remarks : james e . alatis , dean emeritus , school of languages and linguistics chair , georgetown university round table 1995 honored guest : eugene garcia , director , obemla , u . s . department of education speaker : steve krashen , university of southern california the cause - effect confusion and the time issue in education opening reception to follow in icc galleria admission to all sessions by badge only ; registration materials and badges will not be mailed but may be picked up at registration center in intercultural center ( icc ) , exact location to be posted ; registration materials for march 8 evening session available in gaston hall foyer from 6 : 30 p . m . all pre-sessions on march 6 , 7 , and 8 and main sessions on march 9 , 10 , and 11 will be held in intercultural center ( rooms to be posted ) . detailed program with abstracts included in registration packets . thursday , march 9 , 1995 intercultural center plenary speakers : kathleen bailey , monterey institute of international studies what teachers say about teaching bessie dendrinos , university of athens , greece foreign language textbook discourse and pedagogization of the learner invited speakers : david r . andrews , georgetown university standard versus non-standard : the intersection of sociolinguistics and language teaching elsaid badawi , american university in cairo the use of arabic in egyptian t . v . commercials : a language simulator for the training of teachers of arabic as a foreign language kenneth chastain , university of virginia knowledge , language , and communication virginia p . collier , george mason university language acquisition for school : academic , cognitive , sociocultural , and linguistic processes joann crandall , university of maryland baltimore county reinventing schools : the role of the applied linguist nadine o'connor di vito , university of chicago using native speech to formulate past tense rules in french adam jaworski , university of wales , college of cardiff language awareness in applied linguistics students : evidence from linguistic and cultural heritage essays donna lardiere , georgetown university an update on transfer and transferability donald j . loritz , georgetown university unlearning learnability yuling pan , georgetown university addressee , setting , and verbal behavior : how relevant are they in foreign language teaching ? guy spielmann , georgetown university multidisciplinary integrated language education ( mile ) and second / foreign language teaching g . richard tucker , carnegie mellon university developing a research component within a teacher education program andrea tyler , georgetown university patterns of lexis : how much can repetition tell us about discourse coherence ? bill vanpatten , university of illinois , urbana - champaign is psycholinguistics relevant to language teaching ? shelley wong , university of maryland , college park curriculum transformation : a psycholinguistic course for prospective teachers of esol k 12 elizabeth zsiga , georgetown university phonology and phonetics in the education of second language teachers : the representation of some variable rules of english friday , march 10 , 1995 intercultural center plenary speakers : leslie m . beebe , teachers college , columbia university polite fictions : instrumental rudeness as pragmatic competence joan morley , university of michigan maximizing learning invited speakers : vincent j . cangiano , el houcine haichour , stephanie j . stauffer , georgetown university taming the electronic lion , or how to shape a language learning environment out of the chaos called the internet jeff connor - linton , georgetown university late night thoughts on complexity , linguistics , and language teaching barbara a . craig , georgetown university boundary discourse and the authority of knowledge in the second language classroom madeline e . ehrman , u . s . department of state , fsi personality , language learning aptitude , and program structure aviva freedman , carleton university , ottawa "" situating "" learning to write for the l2 teacher william c . hannas , georgetown university teaching chinese teachers what constitutes "" chinese "" susan huss - lederman , georgetown university "" wait wait wait wait ! "" a sociolinguistic analysis of repetition in the speech of adult beginning esl learners using instructional software kurt r . jankowsky , georgetown university on the need to unlearn in the foreign language learning process ronald p . leow , georgetown university teacher education and psycholinguistics : making teachers psycholinguists steven j . loughrin - sacco , boise state university research internships : involving undergraduate foreign language secondary education majors in ethnographic research anne pakir , national university of singapore beginning at the end : "" bilingual education for all "" in singapore and teacher perception sophia c . papaefthymiou - lytra , university of athens , greece culture and the teaching of foreign languages : a case study teresa pica , university of pennsylvania teaching language and teaching language learners : the expanding role and expectations of language teachers in communicative content-based classrooms peter schmitter , martin - luther - universit t halle - wittenberg , germany structural or cognitive semantics as a topic in the linguistic education of second language teachers ? charles w . stansfield , second language testing , inc . considerations in the writing of sopi prompts monique y . wong , hellenic american union , greece using simulation to develop negotiation strategies in a foreign language saturday , march 11 , 1995 intercultural center plenary speakers : marianne celce - murcia , university of california , los angeles the elaboration of sociolinguistic competence : implications for teacher education diane larsen - freeman , school for international training on the changing role of linguistics in the education of second language teachers : past , present , and future invited speakers : catherine n . ball , georgetown university providing comprehensible input in a dead foreign language : two text-based strategies isolda e . carranza , georgetown university multi - level analysis of two-way bilingual classroom discourse anna uhl chamot , georgetown university learning strategies of elementary foreign language immersion students mary el - kadi , old dominion university discourse analysis of classroom interaction and the training of esl teachers elaine k . horwitz , university of texas at austin foreign language anxiety and foreign language teachers : what can teacher educators do ? christina kakava , mary washington college directness and indirectness in professor student interaction : the intersection of contextual and cultural constraints david nunan , university of hong kong systemic - functional linguistics and the education of second language teachers : a case study linju ogasawara , japanese ministry of education ( ret . ) native cultural interference in japanese english usage john j . staczek , georgetown university metalinguistic talk in mature l2 adult-learner classroom discourse stephanie j . stauffer , georgetown university reap what you sow : in - service training for language teachers for computer-mediated communication steven sternfeld , university of utah from hirsch 's dystopia to hakuta 's utopia : a call for multilingual alliance weiping wu , center for applied linguistics education of second language teachers : the link between linguistic theory and teaching practice dolly j . young , university of tennessee language anxiety in sl acquisition : using a wider angle of focus raffaella zanuttini , georgetown university dialectal variation as an insight into the structure of language gen - yuan zhuang , hangzhou university , prc what they hear is not what they read : speech perception and the training of english teachers in china * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * other georgetown conferences : * georgetown linguistics society , gls 1995 , developments in discourse analysis , february 17-19 , 1995 . plenary speakers : frederick erickson , charles goodwin , heidi hamilton , deborah schiffrin , roger shuy , and deborah tannen . contact : gls 1995 , g . u . dept . of linguistics , icc 479 , washington , dc 20057-1068 ; gls @ guvax . georgetown . edu ; gls @ guvax . bitnet ; tel : 202 / 687-6166 . * international linguistics association , ila , discourse and text analysis , march 10-12 , 1995 . contact : ruth brend , 3363 burbank dr . , ann arbor , mi 48105 ; ruth . brend @ um . cc . umich . edu ; tel : 313 / 665-2787 ; fax : ( 313 ) 665-9743 ; email : ruth . brend @ um . cc . umich . edu * 9th annual symposium on arabic linguistics , march 10-12 , 1995 . contact g . u . arabic department , icc 463 , washington , dc 20057-1082 ; solernoe @ guvax . georgetown . edu ; tel : 202 / 687 - 5743 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * pre-conference sessions : march 6 - 8 , 1995 the pre-conference sessions will be held in the intercultural center of georgetown university . please contact the individual organizers for more information on the content of the sessions only . to register , see registration form or contact gurt coordinator . monday , march 6 , 1995 spanish linguistics i organizers : dr . hector campos , mr . eric holt , and ms . norma catalan g . u . department of spanish washington , dc 20057-0989 ( 202 ) 687-6134 hcampos @ guvax . georgetown . edu issues in slavic linguistics organizer : dr . david r . andrews g . u . department of russian washington , dc 20057-0990 ( 202 ) 687-6108 / 6147 andrewsd @ guvax . georgetown . edu african linguistics vi organizer : rev . solomon sara , s . j . , ph . d . g . u . department of linguistics washington , dc 20057-1068 ( 202 ) 687-5956 ssara @ guvax . georgetown . edu discourse and agency : responsibility and deception organizer : dr . patricia e . o'connor g . u . department of english washington , dc 20057-1048 ( 202 ) 687-7622 ; fax : 687-5445 oconnorpe @ guvax . georgetown . edu tuesday , march 7 , 1995 spanish linguistics ii organizers : dr . hector campos , mr . eric holt , and ms . norma catalan g . u . department of spanish washington , dc 20057-0989 ( 202 ) 687-6134 hcampos @ guvax . georgetown . edu teaching and learning spoken arabic organizer : dr . margaret nydell g . u . department of arabic washington , dc 20057-1082 ( 202 ) 687-5743 history of linguistics organizer : dr . kurt r . jankowsky g . u . department of german washington , dc 20057-0994 ( 202 ) 687-5812 innovative audio and looking at multimedia ( two sessions ) organizer : jackie m . tanner , director g . u . language learning technology washington , dc 20057-0987 ( 202 ) 687-5766 jtanner @ guvax . georgetown . edu issues in foreign language program direction i organizer : dr . ronald p . leow g . u . spanish dept . washington , dc 20057-0909 ( 202 ) 687-6134 rleow @ guvax . georgetown . edu wednesday , march 8 , 1995 computer - mediated discourse analysis organizer : dr . susan herring program in linguistics university of texas arlington , tx 76019 ( 817 ) 273-3133 susan @ utafll . uta . edu celebration of bilingual immersion programs organizer : prof . dorothy b . goodman friends of international education p . o . box 4800 washington , dc 20008 ( 202 ) 363-8510 issues in foreign language program direction ii organizer : dr . ronald p . leow g . u . department of spanish washington , dc 20057-0989 ( 202 ) 687-6134 rleow @ guvax . georgetown . edu * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tutorials ( for connor - linton and spielmann tutorials , maximum of 20 participants ; no participant limit for krashen workshop ) : monday , march 6 "" criterion - referenced curriculum and test development for language teachers and administrators "" presenter : dr . jeff connor - linton , g . u . dept of linguistics , ( 202 ) 687-5956 tuesday , march 7 "" language acquisition and language education : a review of research and theory and current issues "" presenter : dr . steve krashen , school of education , university of southern california , los angeles , ca 90089-0031 wednesday , march 8 authentic documents in the language class : theoretical perspectives and didactic applications presenter : dr . guy spielmann , g . u . department of french , ( 202 ) 687-5717 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * for registration and other information , please contact carolyn a . straehle , coordinator * gurt 1995 * georgetown university school of languages and linguistics * 303 intercultural center * washington , dc 20057-1067 * e-mail : gurt @ guvax . bitnet or gurt @ guvax . georgetown . edu * voice : 202 / 687-5726 * fax : 202 / 687-5712 * * * * * * * to obtain gurt ' 95 information from the world wide web , use the following address : url : http : / / www . georgetown . edu / conferences / gurt95 / gurt95 . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * for inexpensive student accommodations , contact : washington student center at the washington international ayh - hostel 1009 11th street , nw washington , dc 20001 tel : ( 202 ) 737-2333 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
1090,"Subject: citing e-texts
 
 dear linguists , this is not linguist - l - specific , but my colleagues and i would really welcome some wisdom on a citation problem . how does one cite electronic versions of literary and other texts brought down from the net / web ? there are no page or paragraph numbers and even the provenance of the text is not always clear ( e . g . from what print edition was it keyed-in or scanned ? ) . the * mla handbook * ( 3rd edition , which is the latest we have ) , and the agps * style manual * ( the australian standard ) offer no help . indeed , has anyone in linguistic / literary studies put together a set of consistent formats for citing electronic-archived material , e-list contributions , e-texts , e-journals etc . ? we would greatly appreciate some guidance , be it informed or inspired . jan tent department of literature and language school of humanities the university of the south pacific p . o . box 1168 suva fiji tel : ( 679 ) 313900 ext . 2263 fax : ( 679 ) 305053 e - mail : tent _ j @ usp . ac . fj
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1091,"Subject: references in slavic syntax
 
 dear linguists , i am going to write a coursework in syntax on government and binding grammar basis . i have preliminary chosen two topics : "" formation of yes - no questions in russian "" or "" double negation in russian "" ( like "" he does not eat nothing "" ) . could you send me some references on these two topics so that i could read the relevant literature and choose one of the topics . i would prefer references on yes-no question formation and double negation in slavic languages but any references on these topics will do , preferred are references in gb framework . thank you , elena rudnitskaya .
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1092,"Subject: slow spanish accent
 
 just wondering if any of you native spanish speakers or those who have lived in central and south american spanish speaking countries know of a corrollary to the following ones for french and german . the french in france often refer to the swiss french as having very slow speech . my experience living in europe for a number of years does indicate that there is some truth to that , although i have not done any quantifiable research on the subject . the swiss germans also appear to to have a slower rate of speech than do other german speakers i know . 2 questions : 1 . do spanish speakers from central and south america refer to spanish speakers in any single country as people that typically speak slowerslower than those from other countries ? and those who faster or the fastest ? 2 . has any research been done on this subject for any of theose languages and / or for english ? please send replies directly to me at : allenjh @ cat . com or jhallen @ indiana . edu thanks jeff allen
",0
1093,"Subject: sum : register in the pre-school age
 
 summary : references on the topic : register and / or genre in the pre-school age a week before christmas i sent out a query about references on the topic : register and / or genre in the pre-school age . this is a summary of the replies i got from netters on the linguist list and info - childes . i wish to express my thanks to all of you who responded . i ' ll do this collectively now , since i will not be referring to single respondents in the following list of references . caroline liberg allen , m . s . , m . k . kentoy , j . c . sherlbom , & i . m . petit , 1994 . children 's narrative productions : a comparison of personal events and fictional stories . * applied psycholinguistics * 15 , 149-176 , barro - zecker , l . ( 1991 ) . young children 's early literacy development across genres . unpublished doctoral dissertation , university of michigan , ann arbor , mi . elizabeth bates ( 1976 ) . chapter 9 : acquisition of polite forms : experimental evidence from ' language & context : the acquisition of pragmatics . san francisco : academic press . bauman , r . ( 1982 ) . ethnography of children 's folklore . in p . gilmore & a . a . glatthorn ( eds . ) , children in and out of school : ethnography and education ( pp . 172-186 ) . washington , dc . : center for applied linguistics . beals , d . e . & snow , c . e . ( 1994 ) ' thunder is when the angels are upstairs bowling ' : narratives and explanations at the dinner table . journal of narrative and life history . vol 4 no . 4 , pp . 331-352 berman , r . a . & d . i . slobin , 1994 . * relating events in narrative : a crosslssinguistic developmental study * . erlbaum brady , m . , & eckhardt , r . ( 1975 ) . black girls at play : folkloric perspectives on child development . austin , tx : southwest educational development laboratory . dowker , a . ( 1989 ) . rhyme and alliteration in poems elicited from young children . journal of child language , 16 , 181-202 . charles ferguson ( 1977 ) . baby talk as a simplified register . in snow & ferguson ( eds . ) , ' talking to children . ' hasan , r . ( 1989 ) . linguistics , language , and verbal art . oxford : oxford university press . hicks , d . ( 1990 ) . narrative skills and genre knowledge : ways of telling in the primary school grades . applied psycholinguistics , 11 ( 1 ) , 83-104 . himley , m . ( 1986 ) . genre as generative : one perspective on one child 's early writing growth . in m . nystrand , the structure of written communication : studies in reciprocity between writers and readers ( pp . 137-157 ) . new york : academic press . kamberelis , g . ( 1994 ) . tropes are for kids : young children 's developing understanding of narrative , poetic , and expository written discourse genres . ( doctoral dissertation , university of michigan , 1993 ) . dissertation abstracts international , 54 ( 12 ) , 4379a . kroll , l . ( 1990 , april ) . making meaning in writing : a longitudinal study of young children 's writing development . paper presented at the annual conference of the american educational research association , boston , ma . langer , j . a . ( 1986 ) . children reading and writing : structures and strategies . norwood , nj : ablex . martin , j . 1983 . in fine & freedle , eds . * developmental issues in discourse * , pp . 1-40 ( ablex ) martin , j . r . ( 1984 ) . language , register and genre . children writing : reader ( pp . 21-30 ) . ( ect418 language studies ) . geelong , victoria , australia : deakin university press . newkirk , t . ( 1989 ) . more than stories : the range of children 's writing . portsmouth , nh : heinemann . e . ochs keenan ( 1983 ) . conversational competence in children . in ochs & schieffelin , ' acquiring conversational competence . ' pappas , c . c . ( 1993 ) . is narrative "" primary "" ? some insights from kindergartners ' pretend readings of stories and information books . journal of reading behavior : a journal of literacy , 25 ( 1 ) , 97-129 . suzanne romaine : "" the language of children and adolescents "" , blackwell , 1984 . elaine slosberg andersen ( 1992 ) . ' speaking with style : the sociolinguistic skills of children . london and new york : routledge . sowers , s . ( 1985 ) . the story and the all-about book . in j . hansen , t . newkirk , & d . graves , ( eds . ) , breaking ground : teachers relate reading and writing in the elementary school ( pp . 73 - 82 ) . portsmouth , nh : heinemann . stoel - gammon , c . , & scliar - cabral , l . ( 1977 ) . learning how to tell it like it is : the development of the reportative function in children 's speech . papers and reports on child language development , 13 ( ed 144 383 ) , stanford university , stanford , ca . toolan , m . 1988 . * narrative : a critical linguistic introduction . * watson , r . ( 1989 ) . literate discourse and cognitive organization : some relations between parents ' talk and three-year - olds ' thought . applied psycholinguistics , 10 ( 2 ) , 221-236 . d . wolf , j . moreton , & l . camp ( 1994 ) . children 's acquisition of different kinds of narrative discourse : genres and lines of talk . in j . sokolov & c . e . snow , eds . * handbook of research in language development using childes * , erlbaum , pp . 286-323 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * caroline liberg dept of linguistics , uppsala university box 513 , s-751 20 uppsala , sweden fax : + 46 18 181416 tel : + 46 18 181344 e-mail : caroline . liberg @ ling . uu . se
",0
1094,"Subject: sum : c gemination ( syntactic )
 
 content - length : 10885 summary of data on syntactic gemination of consonants a couple of weeks ago i posted a query on what i termed "" syntactic gemination "" , for which i got information from no fewer than 15 respondents . i am very grateful to them all . here they are , listed in alphabetical order : list of the 15 respondents : prathima christdas ( prathima . christdas @ um . cc . umich . edu ) vincent decaen ( decaen @ epas . utoronto . ca ) lance eccles ( lance . eccles @ mq . edu . au ) maik gibson ( llrgbson @ reading . ac . uk ) david gil ( ellgild @ nusvm . bitnet ) ralf grosserhode ( afrikanistik2 @ uni-bayreuth . de ) jacques guy ( j . guy @ trl . oz . au ) marcia haag ( haag @ monk . nhn . uoknor . edu ) mark robert hale ( hale1 @ alcor . concordia . ca ) bruce nevin ( bnevin @ lightstream . com ) john phillips ( john @ ccyi . ccy . yamaguchi-u . ac . jp ) mari siiroinen ( siiroinen @ cc . helsinki . fi ) norbert strade ( lingnost @ hum . aau . dk ) mark verhijde ( mark . verhyde @ let . ruu . nl ) caroline r . wiltshire ( wiltshir @ minerva . cis . yale . edu ) the term "" syntactic gemination "" was not specific enough , as i had in mind only gemination at word boundaries , and not word-internal gemination at morpheme boundaries . nevertheless i will mention such cases as have been pointed out by respondents . besides , in my haste , i had forgotten to mention classical greek , which i had also taken into account in the preliminary version of my paper . here are the data : a syntactic gemination at word-boundary a . 1 - italian this is the "" raddoppiamento sintattico "" of central and southern italian . nevertheless the conditions under which this appears seem to vary considerably among the dialects ( and the speakers ? ) . for instance , the example "" a casa "" [ a ' kkasa ] , taken from lepschy & lepschy ( 1981 ) is not accepted in the dialect of an italian colleague at my university . a . 2 & a . 3 - biblical hebrew and phenician in these languages the definite article / ha / triggers gemination of the initial consonant of the following word ( except for certain consonants ) . for instance , in bh , we have / su : s / ( horse ) , but / ha ssu : s / ( the horse ) . the same would seem to apply to phenician ( see the grammars by segert , van den branden ) , although we have only one epigraphic attestation in punic . the explanation is that a proto-article is reconstructed as * / han / or * / hal / , so that * / hal su : s / ) * / has su : s / , then reinterpreted as / ha ssu : s / . this hypothesis has been connected with the arabic data : the final c of the article / ? al / is assimilated to the initial c of the following word ( at least for the socalled "" sun "" cs ) . for instance : / ? as samak / ( the f ish ) . 46or arabic , gibson adds this : in tunisian arabic there is a clearer case ( @ is schwa ) : shaaf - @ t 's aw - 3sf ' "" she saw "" shaaf - @ tt-u 's aw - 3sf-3sm ' "" she saw him "" the doubling is done to maintain syllable structure , but this is not the20 normal way . we would normally expect the elision of @ , to shaaf-t - u , but20 this does not happen in the 3s feminine past . a . 4 - classical greek in attic greek word-initial / r - / goes to / rr - / under certain conditions after a word ending in a short final v . in epic texts , or in other dialects , this gemination is extended to other sonants : / l - , m - , n - / . we even find / pp - / attested in boeotian these four languages were the only instances known to me when i posted the query . incidentally , note that they are different from the cases of latin "" hic "" and "" hoc "" , which were pronounced / hikk / and / hokk / before a word beginning with a v . the form / hokk / is original ( and / hikk / analogically modelled after it ) , so that diachrony forces us to say that / hokk / is simplified into / hok / before a c - initial word . here are now the additional data kindly supplied by my respondents , which i paste freely . a . 5 - finnish ( eccles , siiroinen , strade ) there is consonant gemination at word boundaries in certain cases in finnish . it is morphologically conditioned though it is "" syntactic "" . several morphemes or forms trigger it : imperative 2nd person singular ( ota ' take ' / otas se ' take it ' ) , allative case ( annan sinulle ' i - give to-you ' / annan sinullek kirjan ' i - give to-you a book ' ) , most of the nouns ending in - e ( kirje ' a letter ' / kirjet tuli ' a letter arrived ' ) and so on . other examples : in some negative forms : * en mene sinne * ( i do n't go there ) , pronounced20 * en menes sinne * negation + v - stem + there verb ( go ) 20 1 . sg . the same in imperative : * a "" la "" mene sinne * ( do n't go there ! ) , 20 pronounced : 20 * a "" la "" menes sinne * neg . verb imp . 2 . sg . also in the so called "" 1 . infinitive "" : * ha "" nen pita "" isi tulla ta "" nne * ( he / she ought to20 come here ) , pron : * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tullat ta "" nne * 20 inf . 1 here 20 the background for this gemination is the historical loss of a final consonant in the suffix-less verbal stem and in the mentioned infinitive form . this consonant was assimilated to a following consonant . while it disappeared without any trace in an end position or in front of a vowel , the gemination of the following consonant was retained . this feature is n't marked in orthography . a . 6 & a . 7 - tamil and malayalam ( christdas , wiltshire ) tamil has gemination of word initial stops following words with some case markings ( accusative at least ) . a brief account can be found in christdas , prathima ( 1987 ) "" on constraining the power of lexical phonology : evidence from tamil "" in mcdonough , j . and plunkett ( eds ) proceedings of nels 17 , volume 1 : 122-146 . 20 syntactic gemination is also found in malayalam , a closely related language . a . 8 - celtic languages ( phillips ) the celtic languages have "" mutations "" , changes to the beginnings of words due to their syntactic environment . types of mutations include prefixing of h or n to a vowel and voicing , devoicing , nasalising , etc . , of consonants . one of the mutations in old irish was gemination . the welsh spirant mutation is historically cognate with irish gemination , e . g . ci "" dog "" , but tri chi "" three dogs "" , cath a chi "" a cat and a dog "" , though gemination in old irish occurred in a much wider range of environments . some of the mutations in breton are realised phonetically as gemination , though spelt otherwise . on other cases of c - mutation , see the mention by verhijede below ( fulla , southern paiute ) . a . 9 - the kelantan dialect of malay ( gil ) in the kelantan dialect of malay , agents of passive clauses ( ie . "" by "" - phrases ) are marked not with a preposition ( as in standard malay ) , but , rather , by gemination of the initial consonant . cb : if i understand this correctly , the preposition has been ellipted ? b - word - internal syntactic gemination word - internal syntactic gemination seems to be widespread , probably more than gemination at word-boundary . as pointed out by nevin , in many languages , some phonotactic effects apply only in certain syntactically defined domains , for example , in roots or in verb stems , but not in affixes . hale adds that the number of languages which show this process is quite large . for instance there are some oceanic examples . at any rate , both sanskrit and ( if the meter is to be believed ) and preclassical ( homeric ) greek show such processes . here are a few specific instances : b . 1 - classical greek word - internal / r / is geminated to / rr / after the augment or after a vowel in compounds , variably . b . 2 - choctaw ( haag ) choctaw ( a muskogean lg of n . america ) has an inflectional form ( for aspect marking ) that involves deformation of the stem such that a medial consonant is geminated , or / y / is inserted an geminated if there are not the requisite number of syllables . so we have falama ` return ' becoming fallaama ` finally return ' while ala ` arrive ' becomes ayyaala ` finally arriv e ' . b . 2 - sakao ( guy ) sakao is a language spoken at espiritu santo , , in vanuatu ( formerly new - hebrides ) . when the direct object is incorporated in the verb , the initial c of the verb is geminated . examples , with son 3d to hunt / shoot with a bow , enes 3d fish : moson enes 3d he is fishing fish with a bow ( now ) but : mossones 3d he fishes fish with a bow ( generally ) , il peche a l ' arc analysis : mv - 3eme p . sg . realis sson20 nes ( ( enes with disappearance of the compulsory article v - , then simplification of the two n 's inro one n ) nb : o 3d open o ( ipa "" open o "" in pullum & ladusaw , p . 117 ) e 3d open e ( ipa epsilon ) b . 3 - biblical hebrew gil adds this on hebrew : in biblical hebrew the 2nd binyan ( "" pi99el "" ) is formed by reduplication of the 2nd root consonant , together with the appropriate choice of vowels . now in most part , the binyan system is considered "" derivational "" and hence not , strictly speaking , syntactic ; however , in some cases , the 2nd binyan is the "" transitive "" or "" causitive "" of the first , in which case gemination ( plus vowel pattern ) does have a syntactic function . let me end by a more theoretical note , quoting verhijde : your question touches upon the fields of interaction between morphology-syntax and phonology ( prosody ) . now as far as i know , all c - gemination is in itself strictly phonological . thus if i understand your question correctly , you wish to find out whether there are languages that appear have morphological / syntactic triggers for c - gemination . there is a huge bulk of material on sandhi - effects , as for example the italian rs case you mentioned in your query . perhaps ellen kaisse ( 1985 ) , _ connected speech _ may be of some help . now with respect to your query : i was thinking ( from a phonological point of view ) that c - gemination is really : share melody . or in more abstract terms : share [ x ] . if this is correct , then for example c - mutation ( like in fula , southern paiute and celtic languages ) under syntactic considerations may become very interesting for you . thans again to all of you who generously answered my question . claude boisson universite lumiere , lyon , france ( claude . boisson @ mrash . fr )
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1095,"Subject: 
 
 phonology & phonetics leiden in last : hil phonology papers i ( hil publications 1 ) . edited by harry van der hulst & jeroen van de weijer . the hague : holland academic graphics . pb . isbn 90-5569 - 008 - 2 . 431pp . jan 1995 . dfl 60 ( incl . p&p , excl . 6 % vat ) . e - mail : 72113 . 335 @ compuserve . com a collection of sixteen articles presented at the first hil phonology conference held in leiden in january 1993 . covers a wide variety of topics in segmental and metrical phonology . with an introductory text , presenting the most important theoretical developments in phonology of the last decade . contributors : harry van der hulst & jeroen van de weijer , outi bat - el , cynthia brown , mike davenport , daniel dor , j | rgen geilmann , janet grijzenhout , tracy hall , karijn helsloot , harry van der hulst & aone van engelenhoven , ren / e kager , blanca palmada , glyne piggott , krisztina polga / rdi , wendy sandler , elan dresher & harry van der hulst . new publication : the handbook of phonological theory , edited by john a . goldsmith ( university of chicago ) . 1995 . published by basil blackwell , oxford and cambridge ma . 32 chapters from 37 authors surveying the field of contemporary phonological theory . 992 pages . price is $ 79 . 95 ( hardcover ) in north america , and 70 pounds sterling elsewhere . blackwell 's email address for inspection copies is blkwell @ world . std . com in the us , and inspcopies @ cix . compulink . co . uk in the uk . pragmatics rudanko , juhani . 1993 . pragmatic approaches to shakespeare . essays on othello , coriolanus and timon of athens . lanham , new york and london : the university press of america . the book explores and develops methods of linguistic pragmatics that can , it is suggested , be applied to the study of dramatic dialogue in three shakespearean tragedies . as far as othello is concerned , the methods applied include topic analysis and case grammar analysis , the latter applied to soliloquies ; in the case of coriolanus there is a focus on speech act analysis , and as for timon of athens , it is proposed that politeness theory sheds light on themes of the play . it is argued that the practical application of methods of linguistic pragmatics contributes to a better understanding of the three plays as dramatic works of art and also leads to the further refinement of the methods themselves as tools of analysis . east asian langs koizumi , m . and ura , h . ( eds . ) formal approaches to japanese linguistics 1 : proceedings of the may 1994 mit conference mit working papers in linguistics # 24 1994 411 pp . syntax $ 15 + p / h ( $ 2 in us , else $ 3 ) . distributed by mitwpl , 20d-219 mit , cambridge ma 02139 ( mitwpl @ mit . edu ) papers by t . aikawa ; h . aoyagi ; c . brockett ; s . dubinsky ; y . endo ; y . kato ; r . kawashima ; a . kikuchi , m . oishi , & n . yusa ; n . kimura ; h . kitahara ; m . koizumi ; a . nakamura ; m . nakayama ; m . saito ; h . sakai ; k . - w . sohn ; n . tsujimura ; h . ura ; j . venditti & h . yamashita ; s . watanabe .
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1096,"Subject: intensive summer arabic language institute
 
 the georgetown arabic department of the school of languages and linguistics will host intensive courses in modern standard arabic worth 12 undergraduate credits . elem , interm . , advanced and a course in arabic - eng . translation will be offered . for pamphlet , contact : belkacem baccouche , director , georgetown university , arabic dept . , washington , d . c . 20057-1082 . ( 202 ) 687-5743
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1097,"Subject: m . a . in scandinavian linguistics
 
 m . a . in scandinavian linguistics at the university of tromsoe 1995-1996 ( corrected version ) the linguistics section of the institute for language and literature at the university of tromsoe , norway , offers a one year course leading up to a master of arts degree , starting the fall of 1995 . the course is designed to prepare students for research in generative syntax and phonology with special attention to the scandinavian languages . the course is open to students from all countries with a background in linguistics corresponding roughly to a b . a . with a major in linguistics , or a norwegian cand . mag . the course is equivalent to 60 e . c . t . s credits . instruction will be in english . proficiency in a scandinavian language is not required , nor is previous knowledge of scandinavian grammar . those who wish may follow a course in norwegian for foreigners during the whole year . students pay no tuition , only a nominal registration fee . a limited number of grants are available for students from eastern europe or developing countries . the course will consist of lectures , seminars , and tutorials , with examinations at the end of each term ( fall and spring term ) . in addition , the students are required to write two research papers . in the fall of 1995 there will be a lecture series on scandinavian syntax and another one on scandinavian phonology . in addition there will be seminars , tutorials , and a crash course in icelandic grammar . in the spring of1996 there will be a lecture series on historical scandinavian linguistics , plus seminars and tutorials . also during spring term the students will write their two research papers . the teachers are anders holmberg and tarald taraldsen ( syntax ) , ove lorenz and curtis rice ( phonology ) . other teachers who will contribute at various points in the course include christer platzack , cecilia falk ( university of lund ) , halldor a . sigurdsson ( university of iceland ) , tomas riad ( university of stockholm ) . for further information , contact anders holmberg isl , linguistics university of tromsoe n-9037 tromsoe , norway phone : 47-77645616 , fax : 47-77645625 e-mail : andersh @ isl . uit . no
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1098,"Subject: fulbright announcement : please post / disseminate to lists
 
 fulbright announcement : please post / disseminate to lists subject fulbright scholar program competition for 1996-97 : fulbright chairs in western europe and canada action : submissions due may 1 , 1995 info : dr . karen adams or ms . margo cunniffe council for international exchange of scholars 3007 tilden street , n . w . , suite 5m washington , dc 20008-3009 telephone : 202-686 - 6245 or 202 / 686-6242 fax : 202-362 - 3442 internet : we1 @ ciesnet . cies . org * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * award descriptions : 1 . italy : venice chair department of philosophy and theory of sciences , university of venice . three months , between 2 / 97 and 6 / 97 . specialty : philosophy of language or theoretical linguistics . assignment : grantee will teach on both graduate and undergraduate levels and is to offer an advanced class in either contemporary theoretical linguistics ( theory of syntax and the syntax of logical form ) or contemporary philosophy of language ( theory of meaning , semantics of natural language , theory of predication , language and ontology ) . lecturing in english . 2 . italy : naples chair department of modern philology , university of naples . three months , between 3 / 1 / 97 and 5 / / 31 / 97 . specialty : american literature , american cultural studies , american language , or general linguistics . assignment : lecturing in english . occasional guest lectures at other cultural institutions in naples and elsewhere in italy .
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1099,"Subject: esslli
 
 seventh european summer school in logic language and information barcelona , august 14-25 1995 for more information contact : esslli95 gilcub avda . vallvidrera 25 08017 barcelona fax + 43 3 2054656 tlf + 43 3 2033597 e - mail esslli95 @ gilcub . es general information the summer school the seventh european summer school in logic , language and information will be held at the biology faculty of barcelona university from august 14th to 25th . the school is organized under the auspices of the european foundation of logic , language and information ( folli ) , jointly by universitat de barcelona , universitat rovira i virgili , universitat autonoma de barcelona , and universitat politecnica de catalunya . the previous summer schools took place at rijks universiteit groningen in the netherlands in1989 , at the katholieke universiteit leuven in belgium in 1990 , at the universitat saarlandes , saarbrucken in germany in 1991 , at the university of essex colchester in the united kingdomin 1992 , at the faculdade de letras da universidade de lisboa in portugal in 1993 , and at the copenhagen business school in denmark in 1994 . for these schools financial support was derived from a variety of sources , including the commision of the european community , through the erasmus programme and the dg xiii , research networks , national research councils , and industrial sponsors . the same kind of support is expected for the 1995 school . the main focus of the summer school is the interface between logic , linguistics and computation , where it concerns the modelling of human linguistic and cognitive abilities . the 1995 school programme will include courses , workshops , and symposia covering a variety of topics within six areas of interest : logic , language , computation , logic and computation , computation and language , language and logic . courses will be cast at both introductory and advanced levels . introductory courses are designed to familiarize students with new fields and do not presuppose any background knowledge , while advanced courses are designed to allow participants to acquire more specialized expertise in areas they are already familiar with . workshops will be chaired by an expert in ther field and will provide an opportunity for phd students and other young researchers to present their work and gain informed feedback and useful contacts . symposia will typically consist of a series of presentations on a timely topic by people active in the relevant areas . both workshops and symposia are intended to encourage collaboration and cross fertilization of ideas by stimulatingin-depth discussion of issues which are at the forefront of current research in the field . there will also be a series of invited evening lecturers by well-known experts in their field . accomodation there will be accomodation available . more information will appear in following anouncements . course programme section : logic and language algebraic semantics for natural language name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : godehard link affiliation ( s ) : institut fur philosophie , logik und wissenschaftstheorie ( iplw ) universitat munchen e - mail : glink @ cis . uni-muenchen . de type : introductory formal forays into language name of lecturers : jan van eijck and jan jaspars affiliation ( s ) : cwi , amsterdam and ots , utrecht e - mail : jve @ cwi . nl / jaspars @ cwi . nl type : introductory the dynamics of structure name of lecturer ( s ) : c . vermeulen , a . visser affiliation ( s ) : department of philosophy e - mail : albert . visser @ phil . ruu . nl , kees . vermeulen @ phil . ruu . nl type : advanced nearness and syntactic influence spheres name of lecturer : marcus kracht affiliation : department of mathematics , fu berlin e - mail : kracht @ math . fu-berlin . de type : advanced feature logics and infinitary descriptions name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : bill keller affiliation ( s ) : school of cognitive and computing sciences , university of sussex e - mail : billk @ cogs . susx . ac . uk type : advanced a mathematical theory of language learnability name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : dick de jongh and makoto kanazawa affiliation ( s ) : department of mathematics and computer science , university of amsterdam department of cognitive and information sciences , faculty of letters , chiba university e - mail : dickdj @ fwi . uva . nl and kanazawa @ cogsci . l . chiba-u . ac . jp type : advanced complex part structures and natural language name of lecturer : friederike moltman affiliation : dept of philosophy , city university of new york ( cuny ) e - mail : isagc @ cunyvm . bitnet type : advanced properties and types name of organizer : chris fox affiliation : department of computer science university of essex e - mail : foxcj @ essex . ac . uk type : workshop formal epistemology name of organizer : hans rott affiliation ( s ) : university of konstanz e - mail : pirott @ nyx . uni-konstanz . de type : workshop underspecification in computational semantics name of organizer : robin cooper and massimo poesio ( fracas ) affiliation ( s ) : university of edinburgh e - mail : { cooper , poesio } @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk type : symposium section : logic introduction to modal logic name of lecturer : ramon jansana affiliation : department of logic , history and philosophy of science , universitat de barcelona , spain . e - mail : jansana @ cerber . ub . es type : introductory temporal logic name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : ian hodkinson affiliation ( s ) : imperial college london e - mail : imh @ doc . ic . ac . uk type : advanced descriptive complexity theory name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : flum , joerg affiliation ( s ) : mathematisches institut , universitaet freiburg , e - mail : flum @ sun1 . ruf . uni-freiburg . de type : advanced algebraizations of sentential logics name of lecturer : josep maria font affiliation : faculty of mathematics , university of barcelona e - mail : font @ cerber . mat . ub . es type : advanced some new trends in algebraic logic name of organizer : josep maria font affiliation : faculty of mathematics , university of barcelona e - mail : font @ cerber . mat . ub . es type : workshop advanced modal logic name of lecturers : patrick blackburn , maarten de rijke and y de venema . affiliation : patrick blackburn , ( universitat des saarlandes , saarbrucken ) , maarten de rijke ( cwi , amsterdam ) , and yde venema ( vrije universiteit , amsterdam ) . e - mail : patrick @ coli . uni-sb . de , maarten . de . rijke @ cwi . nl and yde @ cs . vu . nl type : advanced situation theory with applications name of organizer : keith devlin affiliations : saint mary 's college of california , moraga , and csli , stanford . e - mail : devlin @ stmarys-ca . edu type : symposium section : computation and logic logical frameworks name : d . basin , s . mathews ( saarbruecken ) e - mail : basin @ mpi-sb . mpg . de and sean @ mpi-sb . mpg . de type : introductory knowledge representation and logic name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : franz baader affiliation ( s ) : lufg theoretische informatik rwth aachen e - mail : baader @ informatik . rwth-aachen . de type : introductory deductive database name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : gerhard koestler affiliation ( s ) : universitaet augsburg e - mail : koestler @ uni-augsburg . de type : introductory programming with temporal logic name : howard barringer and dov gabbay affiliation ( s ) : the university of manchester imperial college of science , technology and medicine e - mail : howard @ man . cs . ac . uk and dg @ doc . ic . ac . uk type : advanced power structures and program semantics name of lecturer : chris brink . affiliation : mathematics department , university of cape town . email : cbrink @ maths . uct . ac . za . type : advanced . automated deduction in non - classical logics name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : lincoln a . wallen affiliation ( s ) : oxford university e - mail : lincoln . wallen @ comlab . ox . ac . uk type : advanced how to tame you logic ? maarten marx : university of amsterdam e - mail : marx @ ccsom . uva . nl szabolcs mikulas logic graduate school e - mail : mikulas @ fwi . uva . nl e - mail : h3762mik @ ella . hu type : advanced expressive nonmonotonic reasoning ( nmr ) name : franz baader affiliation ( s ) : lufg theoretische informatik , rwth aachen e - mail : baader @ informatik . rwth-aachen . de name : karl schlechta affiliation ( s ) : laboratoire d ' informatique de marseille , ura cnrs 178 universite de provence . e - mail : ks @ gyptis . univ-mrs . fr type : workshop logical formalisms for planning , plan recognition , and plan modification dr . susanne biundo german research center for artificial intelligence email : biundo @ dfki . uni-sb . de type : workshop methods for constructing and manipulating logical systems prof . dov m gabbay imperial college of science , technology and medicine email : dg @ doc . ic . ac . uk subject logic engineering : labelled deductive systems , and computer support for studying logics type : symposium section : computation partial evaluation name of lecturer ( s ) : neil jones affiliation ( s ) : diku , university of copenhagen e - mail : neil @ diku . dk type : introductory interactive development of proofs and programs name of lecturer ( s ) : christine paulin - mohring affiliation ( s ) : lip-cnrs ura 1398 - ecole normale superieure de lyon e - mail : christine . paulin @ lip . ens-lyon . fr type : advanced implementation of functional programming languages name of lecturer ( s ) : simon peyton jones affiliation ( s ) : department of computing science , university of glasgow e - mail : simonpj @ dcs . gla . ac . uk type : advanced section : language and computation formalizing and implementing syntactic theories name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : edward stabler and mark johnson affiliation ( s ) : edward stabler , ucla and mark johnson , brown university e - mail : stabler @ cognet . ucla . edu and mj @ cs . brown . edu type : introductory corpus - based models of language processing name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : rens bod and remko scha affiliation ( s ) : university of amsterdam institute for logic , language and computation department of computational linguistics e - mail : rens @ alf . let . uva . nl scha @ alf . let . uva . nl type : introductory automated deduction for logics of linguistic resources name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : michael moortgat affiliation ( s ) : research institute for language and speech ( ots ) e - mail : moortgat @ let . ruu . nl type : advanced topics in lexical - functional grammar name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : ronald kaplan and mary dalrymple affiliation ( s ) : xerox parc e - mail : kaplan @ parc . xerox . com ; dalrymple @ parc . xerox . com type : advanced categorial syntax and semantics name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : bob carpenter * and glyn morrill * * affiliation ( s ) : philosophy department , carnegie mellon university * department of computer systems and languages , polytechnic university of catalunya * * e - mail : carp @ lcl . cmu . edu * and morrill @ lsi . upc . es * * type : advanced lambek calculus and linear logic name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : v . michele abrusci affiliation ( s ) : universitat di roma la sapienza dipartimento di studi filosofici ed epistemologici e - mail : abrusci @ sci . uniroma1 . it type : advanced natural language generation name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : robert dale affiliation ( s ) : microsoft institute of advanced software technology e - mail : rdale @ microsoft . com type : advanced formal and computational phonology name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : t . mark ellison affiliation ( s ) : university of edinburgh ( till january , then inesc , lisbon ) e - mail : marke @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk type : workshop the computational lexicon name organizer : m . felisa verdejo affiliation ( s ) : universidad nacional educacion a distancia e - mail : felisa @ horacio . dieec . uned . es type : workshop proof theory , labelled deduction and natural language name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : professor ruth kempson affiliation ( s ) : school of oriental & african studies , university of london e - mail : kempson @ clus1 . ulcc . ac . uk type : symposium section : language head - driven phrase structure grammar name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : philip h . miller affiliation ( s ) : universite ' de lille 3 e - mail : pmiller @ ulb . ac . be type : introductory phrase structure typology and lfg name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : joan bresnan affiliation ( s ) : stanford university e - mail : bresnan @ csli . stanford . edu type : advanced aspectuality and event structure name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : henk verkuyl affiliation ( s ) : utrecht university ots e - mail : verkuyl @ let . ruu . nl type : introductory the acquisition of syntax and morphology name of lecturer : harald clahsen affiliation : department of language and linguistics , university of essex e - mail : harald @ essex . ac . uk type : advanced prosody , information , and grammatical architecture name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : dick oehrle affiliation ( s ) : department of linguistics , university of arizona e - mail : oehrle @ convx1 . ccit . arizona . edu type : advanced constraint based formalisms and grammar writing name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : jochen doerre and suresh manandhar affiliation ( s ) : university of stuttgart and university of edinburgh e - mail : suresh . manandhar @ ed . ac . uk jochen . doerre @ ims . uni-stuttgart . de type : workshop argument structure and linking theory name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : annie zaenen ( * ) and louisa sadler ( * * ) affiliation ( s ) : ( * ) rank xerox research centre and ( * * ) university of essex e - mail : ( * ) annie . zaenen @ xerox . fr and ( * * ) louisa @ essex . ac . uk type : symposium
",0
1100,"Subject: obituary of zhou1 zu3 - mo2
 
 zhou zumo ( zhou1 zu3 - mo2 ) the noted chinese scholar zhou1 zu3 - mo2 died in a peking hospital on 14 january , 1995 . he was 80 years old . a professor at peking university and a native of peking , prof . zhou1 zu3 - mo2 was one of the world 's greatest experts on the written sources for chinese historical phonology . his principal works are the _ wen4 - xue2 ji2 _ [ the "" inquiring into learning "" collection ] , which contains his most important philological essays , and an annotated edition ( with thorough textual collation ) of the _ guang3 - yun4 _ , the main written source for chinese historical phonology . prof . zhou1 's edition of the _ guang3 - yun4 _ is now the standard .
",0
1101,"Subject: re : 6 . 132 innateness
 
 don churma writes : "" this elephant is too big for any one "" blind man "" to figure out alone ! "" probably true , especially for this blind man , but we probably should keep our hands firmly in contact with the beast anyway . for me , this means taking to heart warnings such as michael studdert - kennedy 's : "" characteristic motor systems have evolved for locomotion , predation , consumption , mating . matching perceptual systems have evolved to guide the animan in these activities . the selection pressure shaping each species ' perceptuomotor capacities have come , in the first instance , from physical properties of the world . by contrast , these perceptuomotor capacities themselves must have played a crucial role in the form of a social species ' communication system . . . . certainly , specialized neuroanatomical signaling devices have often evolved , but they have typically done so by modifying pre-existing structures just enough for them to perform their new function without appreciable loss of their old . . . . language has evolved within the constraints of pre-existing perceptual and motor systems . we surrender much of our power to understand that evolution if we disregard the properties of those systems . "" and . . . "" if there is indeed a universal set of linguistic features that owes nothing to the nonlinguistic capacities of talkers and listeners , their biological origin must be due to some quantal evolutionary jump , a structure producing mutation . while modern biologists may look for favorably on evolutionary discontinuities that did darwin , we are not justified in accepting discontinuity until we have ruled continity out . this has not been done . on the contrary , the primacy of linguistic form has been a cardinal , untested assumption of modern phonology - - with the result that phonology is sustained in grand isolation from its surrounding disciplines . "" sherman wilcox dept . of linguistics university of new mexico
",0
1102,"Subject: 6 . 136 language and species
 
 just a brief remark a propos of bemji wald 's comment on chomsky 's comment on whether apes can be shown to command ' reflexivization ' ; in particular the question of whether recognizing your image in a mirror as 's elf ' would be a sign of that ability . if it 's of interest , cats have a very peculiar relationship with mirrors . in my experience , most cats do not recognize images in mirrors , or tv , etc . as three-dimensional at all , and simply disregard them . but there are smart cats who do recogtnize their own images as cats in mirrors : but almost invariably as ' non-self ' . the typical reaction of a cat seeing itself in a mirror , if it 's a ' recognizer ' , is to bristle and hiss and go into defense-mode , or sometimes attack-mode . this of course raises what i like to call the dr doolittle problem : since we can't talk to animals we have to anthropomorphise and try to guess by analogy what they might be doing , but have no sense of what it feels like to be doing whatever . but in any case reflexivity is a bad example , because in general most animals do not have , in nature , any opportunity to see themselves ; animals that do confront mirror - like objects a lot ( say surface predators that hunt under water like herons , some cats , raccoons ) probably must deliberately as it were disregard the image they see , because they have to concentrate on refraction and what 's below the surface . roger lass department of linguistics university of cape town
",0
1103,"Subject: lg & species
 
 the language & species discussion has not recurred this week , but i had already prepared the following , which i think would be of general enough interest to the recurrent misunderstandings about innateness and human language to publish on the list . since my last posting on the language & species discussion i have received some interesting comments and checked on the reference that i had in mind ( since i own a copy ) . the reference is a volume called "" speaking of apes : a critical anthology of two - way communication with man "" . eds . t . a . sebeok & jean umiker - sebeok . ny : plenum press , 1980 . in it is chomsky 's article : "" human language and other semiotic systems . "" pp . 429-40 . chomsky 's article is pretty much as i remembered it , but with a great many other observations on the nature of human language , characteristic of his concept of human language , which contrast / s with what the animal psychologists of the time had taught apes ( and perhaps even thought of teaching them ) , e . g . , potentially infinite embedding of phrases within other phrases . beyond that , he challenges the notion that human language is ( merely / primarily ) a system for ( social ) communication , which serves his notion of the inappropriateness of comparing human language with animal systems of communication for drawing conclusions about the evolution of human language ( and may also imply that it is a strictly human device for interpreting external stimuli and "" thinking "" ) . incidentally , my rereading of the article changed my earlier impression that chomsky lacked "" grace "" in not explicitly acknowledging the accomplishments and discoveries of animal psychologists , to a perception that such explicitness would be irrelevant and distracting to the points he wanted to make . of course he could n't help activating involuntary visceral hostility in some researchers when he accused them of lack of logic in their arguments , but that is another matter . most interesting was his final position that regardless of what apes may prove capable of learning , he saw evidence for a qualitative distinction between the human and ape natural intellectual endowment in the fact that humans acquire most ( syntactic ) properties of language without ( even the possibility of ) explicit teaching , while apes obviously do not , despite the "" evolutionary advantages "" ( c 's phrase ) that it would bestow on them . i particularly liked the last sentence of the following passage : "" now it is difficult to imagine that children learning english receive specific instruction about these matters , or even that they are provided with relevant experience . in fact , we find that while children make many errors in language learning , they never make such mistakes as these : they never assume , until corrected , that "" the candidates wanted me to vote for each other "" means that each candidate wanted me to vote for the other . in fact , relevant experience is never presented for most speakers of english , * just as no pedagogic grammar would ever point out these facts . * "" p . 432 to tell the truth , i do n't get the error in the example ( maybe because i ' ve never been corrected ? ) , but i get the point . it 's the point about anaphoric reference that i mentioned in the last posting ( though i think the passage is trying to rely on some point about syntactic embedding of anaphora of the type common at the time among generativists , cf . the parallel reflexive "" the candidate wanted me to vote for ? him - / herself [ unstressed ] "" ) . in any case , one might argue ( i would not ) that there is an anthropocentric bias inherent in chomsky 's perspective on the "" evolutionary advantage "" of human language - - i would suppose stemming from what i think is the evolutionary tenet that whatever promotes indefinite increase of the population of a species is an evolutionary advantage , since that is supposed to maximise the chance that at least some of the members of the species will survive to continue the reproduction of the species . i guess an objection might be that in some sense apes "" know "" something that we do n't know that makes them shy away from retaining or developing something like human language , e . g . , that the technological advances allowed by human social organization and motivation facilitated by language will eventually lead to our extinction , a notion that would probably have evoked more rhetorical sympathy in the mid 1980s when fear of nuclear holocaust peaked ( or more persistently but less clearly the malthusian notion that uncontrolled human population increase puts dangerous pressure on the ecological support system ) . i doubt such an objection has any chance of being taken seriously ( in the form just given at least ) by the scientific spirit . imagine the unimaginable that some human society ( any human society ) came to this conclusion and rejected human language as ultimately threatening to the species . even so , i would guess that the innateness hypothesis would predict that humans would still not be able to "" help "" learning and manifesting language ( manifesting - - ) learning by future generations ) , and if that would contribute to eventual extinction , too bad . nothing in evolutionary theory prevents "" defective "" aberrations from arising . the species with them would simply arise and then disappear ( relatively quickly ? ) . however , i ' m sure humans are constitutionally incapable of seeing the human language faculty as such an injurious aberration - - i can't . at worst i can only see it as a possible means of salvation from the jeopardy that some of our more sinister instincts may have placed us in . forgive me for even inventing what i consider an idle and repulsive speculation - - but i think it throws in relief what might be inferred in assessing chomsky 's ultimate argument as i understand it . the simple summation of chomsky 's argument is : if apes are capable of learning "" human "" language , why do n't they ( do it naturally - - like people do ) ? probably more interesting and arguable to the list discussion is chomsky 's point of distinguishing "" human language "" and "" language "" . chomsky sees human language as a subject for scientific inquiry with properties which are quite specific , including the syntactic properties of reference , embedding , etc . that we are all familiar with as current linguists . in contrast , my understanding of the article is that he sees "" language "" as a non-scientific concept , something vague and not even promising as a potential scientific field of inquiry . in this vein , he concedes that apes and many other animals may - - in fact , he does not doubt - - make use of symbolic systems ( semiotic systems ) apparently comparable in principle to the lexical component of language in some way , though less extensive , and , if i understand , less discrete ( in the linguistic sense of "" discrete "" ) . and he supposes that such symbolic systems in other animals may be related to shared intellectual capacities of humans and these other animals , but that with humans they interact with distinctive linguistic capacities ( among the latter i suppose the way lexicon fills in more abstract linguistic categories in grammatical derivations ) . in an illustrative passage ( p . 437 ) he objects to the gardners ' characterisation of teaching apes to use ameslan lexical signs as teaching them ameslan as a ( human ) language . by the way , he considers acquisition of the sign for "" and "" as trivial , with respect to comparison with human language . i do n't suppose that that is meant to detract from recognition of the apes ' ability to grasp this "" logical operation "" ( by human definition ) - - but that such recognition is irrelevant to an appreciation of what is distinctive about human language ( well , at least we now know that the "" logical "" concept "" and "" is not distinctive to humans - - the concept "" plural "" , then , probably is n't either - - more problematic is the concept "" dual "" as far as i know - - have apes been taught to count ? hey ! last time i looked i had three identical rubber ducks , now i only have two ! ) . in sum , then , chomsky has a very specific and single-minded notion of human language which allows him to immediately "" see through "" claims about animal manifestations of "" language "" , just as it had earlier allowed him to criticise ( and condemn ) skinner 's notions about the "" nature "" of human language . i think the usual difficulty in seeing his point is not so much in the persistence of linguistic debate about whether and to what extent "" autonomous syntax "" is a valid notion ( let 's not get into that here ) , but in the intuitive notion among linguists , as well as everybody else , that lexicon is a major "" part "" of "" human language "" . it is certainly not the part that chomsky associates with the distinctive innate human faculty of language . rather , the innate faculty is somewhere in the systems which organise combinations of signs , that "" somewhere "" being crucial to whether or not there is an evolutionary discontinuity between human language and animal potentials for "" language "" . of course , another source of resistance to the idea of an innate human language faculty is a generalised sneaking suspicion that anything that proposes to set humans apart from other animals in a fundamental way is self-deluding anthropocentric self - aggrandising propaganda , cf . the discredited ( i think ) argument against the heliocentric theory of the solar system that humans are the "" center "" of creation and therefore their location must be at the pivot of the material universe . while sneaking suspicions are certainly appropriate issues to bring up for something as informal as the ling . list discussion , it is not clear to me how it fits in to more formal scientific argument . misguided as a source of resistance would be the idea floated in the kant / innate discussion that a theory that something is "" innate "" is a killer to further attempts at "" explanation "" . the killer to explanation is the "" just "" in "" that 's just the way things are "" . on the contrary , take out the "" just "" and there would be nothing to explain if there were no "" that 's the way things are "" . if we get confused about this , it 's because , as scientists we don ' t know how things are , and our "" explanations "" are hypotheses to test if things are the way we think they are . i forgot what the context of kant 's discussion of "" explanation "" was , but in the context of "" pure "" reason it would have to be the "" just "" . in "" practical "" reason i suppose whatever aids remembering the "" facts "" is sufficient "" explanation "" . finally , a message from massimo piattelli - palmarini , director of the dept of cognitive science at the istituto san raffaele in milan , alerted me that among the discussion of comparisons between human and ape cognition relevant to language capacity , "" the truly definitive piece is by mark seidenberg and laura petitto in cognition , vol 7 , 1979 , pp . 177-215 . "" although this article was published before the volume i referred to above , it was too recent for most of the papers published in that volume to fully discuss , so that there are only glancing references to it in some of the papers . i still have n't read it yet , not that i ' ve even read most of the articles in the sebeok volume . incidentally , massimo reminded me that apes were indeed found to be able to recognise their reflections in mirrors , monkeys not ( and i think i read that in roger fout 's popular book about teaching apes to communicate with humans which came out in the late 70s ) . from what i gather , animal psychologists etc . are not ( or no longer ) hostile to the idea of a discontinuity between human language and what animals are capable of , but remain ( why not ? ) interested in discovering of what animals are capable of , and what that might suggest about human evolution . benji
",0
1104,"Subject: job posting
 
 linguistics department - simon fraser university . applications are being accepted for a tenure-track position at the rank of assistant or associate professor , for appointment commencing september 1 , 1995 , subject to final approval of funding . the successful candidate will be expected to assume a leadership role the university 's new language centre , which is being developed to promote innovative approaches to language learning in the university , especially through developing facilities employing new instructional technologies , and to foster ongoing research into second language acquisition at the university level . candidates should hold a ph . d . in an area relevant to second language acquisition and maintain an active research program in a related area , as well as have significant experience in second language teaching . a specific background in a major asian language is desirable but not essential . applicants should be thoroughly familiar with recent developments in technologically-assisted language learning , and be prepared to direct the development and implementation of learner-centered systems . send a letter of application , curriculum vitae , and sample publications by march 16 , 1995 to : dr . t . perry , chair linguistics department simon fraser university burnaby , b . c . v5a 1s6 canada phone : ( 604 ) 291-3554 , fax : ( 604 ) 291-5659 e - mail : perry @ sfu . ca candidates should arrange for three letters of recommendation to be sent to the department by the deadline . in accordance with canadian immigration requirements , this advertisement is directed to canadian citizens and permanent residents . sfu is committed to the principle of employment equity , and offers equal employment opportunities to qualified applicants ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tom perry , chair linguistics department simon fraser university burnaby , b . c . v5a 1s6 canada telephone : ( 604 ) 291-3554 ( 604 ) 291-4585 fax : ( 604 ) 291-5659 e-mail : perry @ sfu . ca ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
1105,"Subject: efl positions
 
 the following positions are available through the united states information agency : efl fellows english language teacher education program eastern / central europe , russia , ukraine who ? experienced efl / esl teacher trainers / educators and teachers of english for specific purposes , holding at least a master of arts degree in the field where ? albania , croatia , the czech republic , hungary , kazakhstan , latvia , lithuania , macedonia , poland , romania , russia , slovakia , slovenia , ukraine when ? late august , 1995 through late july , 1996 what ? efl fellows undertake a range of projects aimed at enhancing the quality of english language education throughout the region . some of their accomplishments since 1991 include : - organizing successful seminars to develop master teachers in slovenia ; - facilitating the organization of a nation-wide tesol affiliate in russia ; - organizing local teachers to develop efl materials for use in elementary and secondary school classrooms throughout latvia ; - sponsoring a variety of courses and lectures for in-service teachers at america house in kiev , ukraine , as featured on the front page of a major ukrainian daily ; - helping to develop and deliver model training programs for teachers in requalification programs in lithuania ; - assisting in the establishment of a nationwide assessment program for testing the language skills of teachers entering requalification programs in estonia . the efl fellow program is sponsored and administered by the u . s . information agency ( usia ) . for further details and application forms , write , fax , or e-mail the appropriate address below , or visit the usia booth in the employment clearinghouse at the tesol long beach conference center . for information concerning briefings on the efl fellow program at the convention , see the convention daily . the required interview may take place by appointment at usia in washington dc , through a prearranged teleconference with usia , or march 29 , 30 , 31 and the morning of april 1 at the employment clearinghouse at tesol . efl fellow program e-mail : fellows @ usia . gov applicant information fax : 202 / 401-1250 e / alp , room 304 phone : 202 / 401-6016 301 - 4th street , s . w . washington , dc 20547
",0
1106,"Subject: references on non-human language
 
 content - length : 5739 there 's been a fair amount of discussion about language among non-humans , both publicly on linguist and privately with me , since my previous summa - ry in linguist 6-28 . i will shortly be posting a sort of update / summary of much of this discussion , including some comments of my own ; what fol - lows here is a list of some references that some people have mentioned . ( nb : i ' m merely reporting what others have passed on to me ; i ' m not neces - sarily familiar with these materials myself . i got most of these referen - ces from rachel lagunoff ( ihw1009 @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu ) , who is teaching a course on this subject at ucla , and george williams ( gww @ navisoft . com ) , to whom i hereby offer many thanks . ) barber , t . x . 1993 . the human nature of birds . new york : st . martin 's . bickerton , d . 1990 . language and species . chicago : university of chicago press . gardner , r . a . , & b . t . gardner . 1979 . ' teaching sign language to a chimpanzee ' science 165 : 664-672 . gardner , r . a . , b . t . gardner , & t . e . van cantfort , eds . 1989 . teach - ing sign language to chimpanzees . albany : suny press . herman , l . m . 1986 . ' cognition and language competencies of bottle - nosed dolphins ' r . j . schusterman , j . thomas , & f . g . wood , eds . , dolphin cognition and behavior : a comparative approach , pp . 221-252 . hillsdale , nj : erlbaum . herman , l . m . 1987 . ' receptive competencies of language - trained ani - mals ' advances in the study of behavior 17 : 1-60 . herman , l . m . , & a . a . pack . 1994 . ' animal intelligence : historical perspective and comparative approaches ' r . sternberg , ed . , the encyclo - pedia of intelligence . herman , l . m . , a . a . pack , & a . m . wood . 1994 . ' bottlenosed dolphins can generalize rules and develop abstract concepts ' herman , l . m . , a . a . pack , & morell - samuels . 1993 . ' representational and conceptual skills of dolphins ' in roitblatt et al . 1993 . herman , l . m . , richards , & wolz . 1984 . ' comprehension of sentences by bottlenosed dolphins ' cognition 16 : 128-219 . limber , j . 1977 . ' language in child and chimp ? ' american psychologist 32 : 280-295 ( reprinted in sebeok & umiker - sebeok 1980 : 197-218 ) . limber , j . 1978 . ' goodbye behaviorism ! ' behavioral and brain sciences 4 : 535-536 . limber , j . 1982 . ' what can chimps tell us about the origins of lan - guage ? ' s . kuczaj , ed . , language development , 2 : 429-446 . hillsdale , nj : erlbaum . luce , j . de , & h . t . wilder , eds . 1983 . language in primates . new york : springer . neisser , a . 1990 . ' apeing sign language ' the other side of silence , pp . 202-234 . washington : gallaudet university press . nelson , k . 1987 . ' what 's in a name ? reply to seidenberg and petitto ' journal of experimental psychology : general . 116 : 293-296 . patterson , f . g . 1978 . ' the gestures of a gorilla : language acquisition in another pongid ' brain and language 5 : 72-97 . patterson , f . , & e . linden . 1981 . the education of koko . new york : holt , rinehart & winston . peng , f . , ed . 1978 . sign language and language acquisition in man and ape . boulder : westview . pepperberg , i . m . 1993 . ' cognition and communication in an african grey parrot ( psittacus erithacus ) : studies on a nonhuman , nonprimate , nonmam - malian subject ' roitblatt et al . 1993 : 221-248 . pettito , l . a . , & m . s . seidenberg . 1979 . ' on the evidence for linguis - tic abilities in signing apes ' brain and language 8 : 162-183 . pinker , s . 1994 . the language instinct ( chapter 11 ) . new york : morrow . premack , d . , & a . j . premack . 1983 . the mind of an ape . new york : norton . roitblatt , h . l . , l . m . herman , & p . e . nachtigall , eds . 1993 . language and communcation : comparative perspectives . hillsdale , nj : erlbaum . savage - rumbaugh . 1987 . ' communication , symbolic communication , and lan - guage : reply to seidenberg and petitto ' journal of experimental psycholo - gy : general , 116 : 279-287 . savage - rumbaugh , s . , & r . lewin . 1994 . kanzi . new york : wiley . savage - rumbaugh , s . , k . mcdonald , r . a . sevick , w . d . hopkins , & e . rupert . 1986 . ' spontaneous symbol acquisition and communicative use by pygmy chimpanzees ( pan paniscus ) ' journal of experimental psychology : general , 115 : 211-235 . sebeok , t . , & j . umiker - sebeok , eds . 1980 . speaking of apes . new york : plenum . seidenberg , m . s . , & l . a . petitto . 1987 . ' communication , symbolic com - munication , and language : comment on savage - rumbaugh , mcdonald , sevick , hopkins , and rupert ( 1986 ) ' journal of experimental psychology : general , 116 : 279-287 . terrace , h . s . 1987 . nim . new york : columbia . terrace , h . s . , l . a . petitto , r . j . sanders , & t . g . bever . 1979 . ' can an ape create a sentence ? ' science 206 : 891-902 . thomas , e . m . 1993 . the hidden life of dogs . boston : houghton mifflin . wallman , j . 1992 . aping language . cambridge : cambridge university press . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dr . steven schaufele 712 west washington urbana , il 61801 217-344 - 8240 fcosws @ prairienet . org * * * * o syntagmata linguarum liberemini humanarum ! * * * * * * nihil vestris privari nisi obicibus potestis ! * * *
",0
1107,"Subject: esl curriculum
 
 after 20 years as a research scientist , i am starting a new career in esl . i am interested in developing ( or adapting ) a specialized course for foreign medical trainees in american medical schools and hospitals . i ' m also interested in esp courses for students in the sciences . i presently teach "" english for international graduate teaching assistants "" which is a very practical course to enhance the teaching assistants ' effectiveness in the classrom / lab . i would appreciate anyone sharing course description , syllabus , texts used , comments . . . thanks , gfridland @ utmem1 . utmem . edu
",0
1108,"Subject: palindromes
 
 hi you all out there ! i am a total fan ( atic ) of palindromes , such as "" a man , a plan , a canal - panama "" or "" in girum imus nocte et consumimur igni "" - expressions which read from behind result either in the same message or , even more interesting , in new , other , however meaningful message . i assume there are many palindromes i do not know yet , so i would just want to ask any one of you : if you know of one or more palindrome ( s ) in any language , please write them to me via linguist , i will then make the results accessible to everybody . also if you know of books and / or articles citing palindromes , please write me ! ! ! and here is my absolute favorite , the best i know : "" nie fragt sie : ist gefegt ? sie ist gar fein "" ( source unknown ) ( she never asks : has the sweeping been done ? she is very refined . ) i would be thankful to receive as many as possible palindromes , thank you ! and if it is not in german , english , french or italian , please also add an english translation . . . "" koop ik ' n ei , dan nadie ' n kip ook "" ( when i buy an egg , then also a chicken ) so long , i am looking forward to many messages ! "" madam , i ' m adam "" manfred immler
",0
1109,"Subject: summer opportunities
 
 hey ! does anyone know of any linguistic-related summer opportunities out there for a college undergraduate ? i ' m interested in something like an anthropological linguistics ( linguistic anthropology , whatever your preference ) program , working on a research project , etc . any ideas ? thanks ! rachel a . lavin rlavin @ emory . edu
",0
1110,"Subject: ipa , austerlitz
 
 i learned phonetics and phonetic field technique from robert austerlitz ( 1923-1994 ) . after reading joseph stemberger 's comments on ipa and democratizing the process of standarizing phonetic writing ( in linguist 6 . 185 ) , i thought about how austerlitz taught . austerlitz never asked us to memorize ipa or any other system . instead , he taught us several different systems of notation all at once . he expected us to be able to describe sounds by place of articulation , manner of articulation , and so on . we were expected to + know + ipa , of course , and he referred us to several different sources , each of which had a slightly different version of it . but there were no standard systems in his classroom . he was a remarkable teacher and made me a fieldworker . he used a number of symbols that are rarely seen anywhere else . one of his favorites was the cardinal vowel "" 61 "" , by which ( if i remember correctly ) he meant the high back unrounded vowel written "" turned m "" in ipa . this "" 61 "" was merely the letter "" uy "" from the cyrillic alphabet . in his field-technique classes , we were encouraged to make up new symbols to describe what we heard . i remember , during a session with a speaker from shanqhae , he expressed the greatest pleasure when joseph davis wrote the initial consonant of ' cooked rice ' with a digraph made up of a "" v "" with a lowercase "" f "" planted between its arms . this expressed graphically the unusual shanqhae sound that davis had described - it was clearly a labiodental fricative , but somehow sounded both voiced and voiceless at the same time . austerlitz first mentioned that "" they "" in the ipa would say that diacritics could be used to express this , then recounted chao 's claim that many chinese dialects have initial consonants that are in-between voiced and voiceless , and went on to discuss ways that he and others had thought of to write this . actually , though , the use of those ipa voiced / voiceless or breathy voicing diacritics might not be quite right . the "" voiced "" initials in shanqhae lower register words are neither contrastively voiced nor contrastively unvoiced ; the apparent "" breathy semi-voicing "" seems actually to be feature of the + tone + , not the initials . some speakers pronounce it with the initial , some before the initial , some afterwards , some all the way through the syllable , and some not at all . davis ' symbol was a good idea at the time , though , because it expressed this lack of contrast vividly . i have met quite a number of linguists who have complaints about ipa or about the variety of systems in use , but these people hardly ever seem to be fieldworkers . i do n't believe i know any two fieldworkers who use phonetic symbols quite the same way , and most of them do n't seem to care at all . everyone seems to have different preferences ; well , so what ? some people , for instance , can't abide to write the "" h "" for aspiration + above + the line , and write it seemingly as a full segment . others leave the "" h "" out altogether , saying that ( in english , for instance ) it need not be written explicitly . the chinese tend to write aspiration with the reversed apostrophe of greek , probably continuing the tradition of older systems of romanization . the chinese , in fact , have a whole class of vowels - frictionless sibilants - that have n't made their way into ipa , as well as a special set of alveolo-palatal consonants . are these really necessary ? maybe not , but the chinese are not going to give them up ; be sure of that . for my part , i dislike plain schwa - i prefer to use the four schwa-area vowels ( close-mid and open-mid , rounded and unrounded ) that ipa now recognizes , and even before they became official i was using some of their current symbols , although i sometimes used special diacritics with schwa , too . these vowels are important in some of the areas where i work , in rural fwujiann . but every chinese dialectologist i know uses schwa like mad , and for a number of vowels that i consider quite distinct . we understand each other , though . fieldworkers are basically explorers . for the most part we do not go into the field to codify the known , but search for the unknown . we play with our symbols , try different ways of writing things , develop habits of transcription that are as distinctive as handwriting and reflect different ways of interpreting sounds . it is natural in these circumstances that different standards should take shape . fieldwork is an adventure , and transcriptional practice reflects that . i can't imagine why anyone thinks we need a single , "" democratically devised "" standard . ipa of some sort is good enough for most people who actually use it , and if someone does n't like it , he or she will borrow from some other tradition - american , perhaps - or invent another . if i want to look at that person 's notes , i will just learn the system - it might take as long as 10 minutes - and that will be that . where is the problem ? why should i trade my freedom of transcriptional expression for a rigid code ? why would that benefit me ? no , the "" chaos of multiple standards "" that stemberger mentions does n't bother me at all . there + are + two things that do bother me , though . one is the frequent changes in ipa that have been bandied about recently . when the kiel version of ipa was first promulgated , i was aghast at the large number of weird-looking symbols . then came the revision of kiel , and things were different again . i do n't mind adjustments , as long as they are introduced very gradually . like the agreement a couple of years ago that + either + way of writing "" g "" was acceptable - that only took a few decades to get straight . the idea that lots of changes have to be introduced and introduced right away frightens me a little . that is n't to say i do n't enjoy hearing the different proposals people advocate , but i will probably still stick to my own transcriptional habits , even so . the other thing that bothers me is the mob of systematizers , standardizers , formalists , and unificationists who seem to pop up everywhere in linguistics like dandelions by the side of the road . to my mind , formal systematization is the enemy of good fieldwork . and if a democratic vote + is + ever taken on the subject of phonetic alphabets , i hereby move that it be restricted to people who do a + minimum of 100 hours of fieldwork or acoustic measurement + every year for their own , fresh research . as for the rest of you - you are welcome to listen , enjoy the show , but please do n't try to tell me my business . david prager branner , yuen ren society asian l&l , do-21 , university of washington seattle , wa 98195 ( charmii @ u . washington . edu )
",0
1111,"Subject: re : 6 . 185 ipa
 
 i agree with stemberger : it is embarrassing to stand up in front of an intro class and tell them that the most objective end of our discipline lacks a single coding system . and while we ' re at it , why do n't we start spelling ' fonetics ' like it sounds . bob wachal
",0
1112,"Subject: the "" hacek ""
 
 "" hacek "" is the diminutive of the czech word "" hak "" , meaning hook . if i ' m not mistaken , a lot of czechs attribute the innovation to the religious and linguistic reformer jan hus ( 1369 ? - 1415 ) . my sources , however , have him introducing a dot over the letters to indicate palatalization rather than a hacek . one of my czech pedagogical grammars claims haceks were appearing in czech manuscripts in the late 13th century , while another explains that the language 's diacritical conventions stabilized around the end of the 16th century , and that publications of the church of the czech brethren used haceks rather than hus 's dots . any of those who introduced the hacek could , in my uneducated opinion , have seen haceks in hebrew manuscripts like those described in alice faber 's recent posting , but we do n't know that . by the way , i ' ve recently seen haceks used in phonological renderings of swiss german in journals from berne dating around 1920 ( "" beitraege zur schweizerdeutschen grammatik "" ) . last year i also saw in the czech press one or two essays by czech jounalists stationed overseas who complained about the peculiarity of haceks ( e . g . , they ' re not found on most international typewriter keyboards ) and how it would make their lives easier if the czechs would adopt some more "" ordinary "" way of rendering the sounds in question . i very much doubt , however , that their opinion is much shared by their colleagues and compatriots . james kirchner
",0
1113,"Subject: ipa
 
 i have been enjoying the discussion about how nice it would be to "" end the chaos of multiple standards "" and go to a single system recommended by the lsa - - either ipa or some cooperatively designed one . but i think it might be impossible to achieve concensus : there is not only the old "" americanist "" vs . ipa debate , but also at least two more - - one is the issue of whether to break away from or continue to use the systems that have developed over time and become standard for linguistic work in particular language families ; and the other is the disparity between linguistic writing and the official or practical writing systems accepted in language communities - - the latter often being linguistically adequate and sometimes preferred by linguists so that the speakers can have better access to the information being recorded and published by the linguist . i suppose these considerations need not keep us from attempting to come to a consensus that might encourage introductory texts in linguistics to use a particular system ; but students will still be forced to develop knowledge of multiple writing systems as soon as they start reading articles rather than textbooks . as for me , i have come to enjoy the diversity of writing systems almost as much as i enjoy the diversity of languages . ( < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < ) > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > leanne hinton dept . of linguistics university of california berkeley , ca 94720 email : hinton @ violet . berkeley . edu fax : ( 510 ) 643-5688 phone : ( 510 ) 643-7621 ( < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < ) > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >
",0
1114,"Subject: re : 6 . 185 ipa
 
 i am of the opinion that the arabic linguistic society of america should also be part of this discussion ( that is , if democracy is to prevail ) . it is a growi growing organization with an impressive membership list and publications . aleya rouchdy
",0
1115,"Subject: policies
 
 moderators ' message a very happy 1995 to all our subscribers ! as you can see , linguist is back on line - - on the 8th , not the 5th as we had hoped , but we are now up and running at our new address . remember : those of you who post to linguist @ tamvm1 . tamu . edu can continue to use that address . but those of you who used to post to linguist @ tamsun . tamu . edu must change either to the . . . tamvm1 address or to linguist @ tam2000 . tamu . edu the latter is our new editorial address . the . . . tamsun address is now worse than useless : the machine itself has been taken off line by texas a&m , so any messages sent there will simply disappear into an internet black hole . they will not be forwarded to us . the new year 's issues start with this issue : 6 . 1 . however , the listserv swallowed some of the issues we posted on dec . 20 and is just now sending them out . so you probably received some issues of volume 5 ( 1994 ) only today . this is not what we intended - - indeed , we worked hard to clear the mailer and post all the messages we had received before we shut down on dec 21 . we realize that some of them had deadlines . however , listserv malfunctions are simply not within our control . the texas a&m sysop took a long ( well-deserved ) ( and , we hope , energizing ) christmas vacation . and , until his return , the listserv would not free the issues we had posted . and that , by a lightening transition , brings us to a few remarks on maintaining free discussion on linguist . as linguist grows , it becomes potentially more powerful - - some might say "" threatening "" - - by virtue of its role as an information source . it 's natural that controversial policies and postings should generate concern ; and last year we received a number of complaints , protests , and editorial suggestions . we tried to respond to every message individually ; but we 'd also like to publicly explain our policies and our current thinking about some of the issues that arose . if any of you care to respond , we can continue this discusson on linguist . * we received several requests that we check the accuracy of controversial claims and allegations before we post them . however reasonable this sounds , unfortunately it simply is n't possible . linguist processes 50-70 messages a day ; last year we assembled and posted 1600 issues ( as those of you with overfull mailboxes know ! ) ; and we get over 1000 database requests a week , about 1 / 4 of which require some kind of administrative interchange . we ask our 3 student editors to check messages for civility ( more on this below ) ; but they do n't have time to check anything which is not immediately before them on the screen . so there is no way that we can strive for the standards of accuracy of paper journals . and , of course , we aren ' t a journal ; we ' re a discussion list . the only effective check on the accuracy of any posting is the discussion itself . so the moral is : - - read with a little scepticism - - and , if you see an inaccuracy , post a correction * the preceding applies , of course , to _ professional _ content in postings ; we can't be responsible for the accuracy of anyone 's claims about the number of words for "" snow . "" nor - - and this is the problematic area - - can we check claims about anyone 's or any institution 's decisions , opinions , or conduct . we will make every effort to ensure that any such posting has professional relevance , is temperate in phrasing , and ( if at all possible ) does not mention names . we also try not to publicize controversies having only personal relevance , since we do n't want linguist to become simply a forum for private grievances . but more than that we can't do . * about more widespread grievances : we have gotten many protests about cutting off discussions that criticize specific schools of linguistics . our problem with some of these has been that the criticisms were anecdotal , ( sometimes ) devoid of academic content , and sounded personally aggrieved ( see above ) . also , adherents of the schools under attack were telling us they no longer felt welcome on the list . so - - not wanting linguist to become a grievance forum or a cause of unnecessary divisiveness in the discipline - - we cut off the discussions . but we admit that there are good arguments on the side of free speech . so we have decided at least not to cut off discussions abruptly . instead , we will warn "" next - to-last posting on x "" before we send out a "" last posting "" message . and we will post any responses on x received in the interim . also , we 'd like to reiterate that any discussion that could compare schools or theories and stick to the academic issues would be very welcome . we are not committed to protecting any school from _ scholarly _ criticism ; and , in fact , we would tell any protestors that this is a discussion list , and if they feel attacked they must defend themselves through discussion . * about civility : we never intended to become a kind of electronic miss manners , and , frankly , it often feels like a very strange role for your uncouth moderators . however , we ' re committed to keeping postings civil in tone because ( 1 ) more than one academic list has ( literally ) gone down in flames - - i . e . , the list has disbanded because the discussions got too personal and heated ; and ( 2 ) , as much as possible , we 'd like everyone - - not just the brave or foolhardy - - to feel comfortable entering a linguist discussion . so we do occasionally return postings with a request that the writer revise toward a less-inflammatory tone . ( we realize , of course , that what is / is not inflammatory is a judgment call ; and our judgment may be wrong . ) however , we have returned very few postings ; and - - interestingly - - we have never received anything but cooperation from the writers . * * * * * * so - - as we ' ve said before - - we think linguist subscribers , all 5700 of you , are a remarkably reasonable , tolerant , and generous set of people . if you have comments or suggestions about the editorial policies we ' ve sketched out above , we would like to hear them . have a very happy new year ! - helen & anthony
",0
1116,"Subject: optimal artificial languages ( humour )
 
 there has been a bit ( wee ) of discussion on this on sci . lang and , well , i could not resist the temptation . here is my contribution to the topic : > from jbm @ newsserver . trl . oz . au ( jacques guy ) date 27 jan 1995 15 : 29 : 06 + 1100 newsgroups sci . lang subject re : optimal artificial languages language being for communication ( not necessarily of truths , mark my words ) , an optimal artificial language should be designed so that its messages survive unscathed through the worst static . ergo , we want * maximal phonetic differentiation * ( tm ) of the vowels , we pick those maximally distant : a , i , u . of the consonants , ditto : a dental , a labial , a velar . having picked the most differentiated points of articulation we must also pick the most deifferentiated manners thereof . fricative , nasal , stop should do nicely . and let us use voicing to help along . that leaves us with * three maximally distant consonants * , which are : m , z , k . so far , so good . but we can do better still . let each consonant be associated with one , and only one , vowel , so that , if either consonant or vowel manages to get mangled in the transmission , you can restitute one from the other . naturally , we would match vowels and consonants to ensure least articulatory effort , lest speakers , tired by too much tongue and lip shifting , start slurring their words . there are n't two ways about it : i goes with z , u with m , a with k . so there we have it , the perfect language for noise-free communication . it 's cv , no consonant clusters , no diphthongs , and each syllable starts with exactly one consonant and has only one vowel . if the consonant is z the vowel is i , and so on ( how lazy can one get ! the list of possibilities is short indeed , yet i wrote "" and so on "" ) . ergo , it has only three possible syllables : zi , ka , mu , thereby being some 130 times easier than chinese ( with its 400 + possible syllables ) . and consider this sample vocabulary ( i leave the meanings to your imagination ) : zizi kaka mumu zizimu kakamu infants will learn it easily ! consider all its advantages : your children will speak fluently before they are two ! one of the first , because shortest , words they will learn will be . . . . . muzika ! thus ensuring the earliest possible development of their musical aptitude ! promote zikamu ( tm ) , the international language of to-morrow ! nb it has come to our attention that a renegade splinter group of the original zikamu ( tm ) movement is peddling a pale imitation of zikamu ( tm ) under the plagiarized name "" kazimu "" . do not be deceived ! the study and practice of their inferior product may cause brain damage ! insist on learning the one and only zikamu ( tm ) . join the official , approved zikamu foundation ( tm ) to day ! ( il y en a des qui vont encore se demander si c ' est du lard ou du cochon . c ' est du lard , bonnes gens , c ' est du lard ! )
",0
1117,"Subject: sycophants : fig "" show-ers "" ?
 
 i do n't do much etymology , but : several readers have claimed that _ sicophant _ is derived from the greek words for ' fig ' ( sikos ) and 's how ' ( phaino : ) . the first part is surely correct , but the second seems problematic , since the relevant participle forms of _ phaino : _ would be present _ phainont - _ and aorist _ phanont - _ . without a greek grammar or dictionary at hand , i would suggest rather that we look at the athematic greek verb _ phe : mi _ ( doric _ pha : mi ) 's peak ' , which does have a participle _ phant - _ . so maybe the sicophant is the ' fig-talker ' rather than the ' fig-shower ' . the semantic connection , of course , would be that his words were sweet to the ear ; and certainly sicophants do more sweet-talking than fig-showing . what do you think ? has this etymology been proposed ? and if it has been proposed and rejected , why ? leo a . connolly foreign languages & literatures university of memphis connolly @ msuvax . memphis . edu formerly "" memphis state university ""
",0
1118,"Subject: re : 6 . 146 sum : sycophant and sign of the fig
 
 a footnote to the fascinating sycophant summary : when i was a kid in high school in the paris area our french lit . teacher told us that in rabelais ' works ( either gargantua or pantagruel ) , rabelais called the catholics "" papistes "" , and the protestants "" ceux qui font la figue au pape "" . she said this was "" un geste tres malhonnete "" , but of course did not demonstrate it , and neither did any of the kids around me . thank you for finally enlightening me . willem j . de reuse department of anthropology university of arizona
",0
1119,"Subject: "" sycophant "" , more .
 
 subsequent to my recent posting about the origin of the word "" sycophant "" i received two comments which add interesting insights . i am forwarding them for your information . richard blucher > from dave wharton ( whartond @ iris . uncg . edu ) liddel & scott 's _ greek - english lexicon _ shows the word sykophanths in common usage not before the middle of the 5th century b . c . no ancient uses show any relation of the word to the "" sign of the fig . "" here 's the political context of its use in the 5th century and later , from the oxford classical dictionary : "" athens had no public prosecutors in the modern sense . solon permitted citizens to prosecute any wrongdoers . inducements were offered to volunteers in certain cases by granting them a liberal share of fines and moneys recovered from the treasury . the system worked : there was no lack of prosecutors . but c . 450 b . c . abuses appeared . men began to make a profession of prosecutions for personal , political , and financial reasons . these were called sycophants . in spite of constant references by aristophanes and the orators , there survives no legal definition of a sycophant . . . . the most dangerous type of sycophant was the blackmailer who extorted money so that the guilty escaped punishment and the innocent paid blackmail . . . "" * * * * * > from zqv6656 @ acfcluster . nyu . edu a belated comment on your query on "" the sign of the fig "" . in my homeland , i . e . istria which an adriatic peninsula in the northwestern part of croatia ( former yugoslavia ) we use this sign in two ( related ? ) meanings . the first one is the one mentioned by many other people who responded to you , i . e . the sign of defiance and strong rejection . it does not have any sexual or indecent connotation . its second use is as a good luck sing ( much as crossed fingers in america ) , but then it is done on both hands for either yourself or somebody else ( maybe in defiance to "" bad luck "" , "" devil "" , etc . ) zvjezdana vrzic * * * * *
",0
1120,"Subject: endangered languages
 
 january and early february have brought a bonanza in relation to endangered languages . first a series of seminars on the subject organized at mit by jonathan bobalijk and rob pensalfini , then , the weekend of feb . 3 - 5 , a conference held at dartmouth college in new hampshire with a side feature of a classic new england blizzard - - a "" nor ' easter "" , the first of this winter 's season for us locals . these have helped lead to a very illuminating discussion of the whole concept of "" endangered languages "" on the endangered languages forum : those interested can write majordomo @ coombs . anu . edu . au and send the message : subscribe endangered-languages - l your e-mail address happy winter ! yours , karl
",0
1121,"Subject: endangered language info wanted
 
 linguist listers ! if you 'd like to share your expert knowledge on the subject of sustaining endangered languages , please contact : - - - - - - - - tracy hanes school of journalism and communication carleton university email address : thanes @ chat . carleton . ca - - - - - - - - - . . . who is now writing an article on that subject .
",0
1122,"Subject: international sign linguistics association
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - international sign linguistics association ( isla ) - - - - - membership and subscription * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the international sign linguistics association was founded in 1986 . the aim of the organisation is to encourage and facilitate sign language research throughout the world and to develop international co-operation in the field of sign language studies . linguistic analysis of human sign languages began in earnest in the late 1950s and 1960s . since then it has developed considerably to the extent that original research is now being carried out in a wide range of countries . sign language research has a lot to tell us about the nature of human languages : it may well provide crucial insights into the nature and type of language universals , the processes of language acquisition , the influence of medium on structure and many other topics . sign linguistics is also directly relevant to those within "" mainstream "" linguistics . those involved in the field of sign linguistics research have benefited considerably through the mutual support and interest of colleagues elsewhere . isla encourages the sharing of ideas , information and research findings . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the international sign linguistics association invites you to become a new member in 1995 . to ensure that you receive all of isla 's publications and correspondence on time this year , please act now and send your subscription request to the address at the end of this announcement . to help us in processing your payment , please be sure to return the form at the end of this message with your remittance . in 1995 , your isla membership will bring you : * a subscription to signpost , the friendly face of sign linguistics , isla 's provocative and stimulating quarterly periodical . * a subscription to the international review of sign linguistics , new for 1995 and bursting with theory , analysis and insight , the year 's essential reading at the cutting edge of the discipline , published by isla in conjunction with lawrence erlbaum associates . * reduced prices on isla publications including conference and workshop proceedings to keep you up to date with all that 's new in the field . * the right to propose papers for presentation at isla congresses and symposia * plus all the benefits of the latest invormation and contacts from the isla network of researchers , teachers and policymakers . membership and subscription form please tick as appropriate , and write in capitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = . . . ( ) individual membership : europe = a340 = 09 non - europe = a345 ( ) institutional membership : = a370 ( ) full - time student membership * : = a325 ( ) i also wish to make a contribution of = a3 towards scholars applying for "" special case "" reduced rates . ( ) i enclose a cheque ( drawn on a u . k . bank ) ( ) i enclose a cheque ( drawn on an international bank adding = a315 to cover bank charges ) ( ) please charge = a3 _ _ _ _ _ _ to my access , visa or mastercard account . name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postal code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiry date : _ _ _ / 1995 signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : 1995 / _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * if you are applying for the new "" full - time student member "" rate , you will need to provide details of your course of study and a letter from your head of department confirming that you will be a full-time student throughout 1995 . isla has limited means for supporting subscribers : however , if you wish to make a claim for special case status , you can write to isla and ask to be considered for a discretionary reduced subscription rate . please remember to sign and date your cheque .
",0
1123,"Subject: idioms
 
 content - length : 99 please send "" appalachian idioms "" info to this address . thanks ! curtis matthews acm4002 @ tntech . edu
",0
1124,"Subject: wrong lctl gopher path
 
 last week , i announced the less commonly taught languages project gopher , which presents all us and canadian colleges and universities that teach lctls . the path i gave to get to the gopher was wrong . i left off one crucial step . the correct path is below . i apologize to all of you who have tried and failed to make the connection . please try us again . ( also apologize for cluttering your e-mail boxes and for cross-posting this to as many language lists as i know of . ) | + - - ) university of minnesota | + - - ) university of minnesota campus information ( < < < = = = = | + - - ) all the university of minnesota gopher servers | + - - - ) center for advanced research on language acquisition or url gopher : / / lctl . acad . umn . edu louis janus less commonly taught languages project center for advanced research on language acquisition university of minnesota utec - - 1313 5th street se , suite 111 minneapolis , mn 55414 612 / 627-1872 ( voice ) 612 / 627-1875 ( fax ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - janus005 @ maroon . tc . umn . edu or lctl @ maroon . tc . umn . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
1125,"Subject: www servers
 
 you might be interested in adding the following to the list of linguistics - www servers at universities : the ( a href = "" http : / / www . essex . ac . uk / linguistics / "" ) department of language and linguistics , university of essex ( / a ) information about ( a href = "" http : / / www . essex . ac . uk / linguistics / lfg / lfg . html "" ) lexical functional grammar ( lfg ) ( / a ) . the ( a href = "" http : / / www . essex . ac . uk / linguistics / lagb . html "" ) linguistics association of great britain ( / a ) best wishes , doug arnold
",0
1126,"Subject: developments in discourse analysis ( gls 1995 )
 
 * * * * * * * * * * the georgetown linguistics society presents gls 1995 : developments in discourse analysis february 17-19 , 1995 georgetown university , washington d . c . * * * * * * * * * * * * registration schedule * * friday 11 : 00 a . m . - 5 : 45 p . m . intercultural center ( icc ) galleria . saturday 8 : 30 a . m . - 7 : 30 p . m . icc auditorium main entrance sunday 8 : 30 a . m . - 6 : 00 p . m . icc auditorium main entrance * * event locations * * sessions : intercultural center . rooms will be posted at registration . plenary sessions : intercultural center auditorium . reception : intercultural center galleria . * * conference schedule * * * friday , february 17 * 11 : 00 a . m . registration begins in the intercultural center galleria 2 : 00 - 3 : 30 colloquium : developments in signed language discourse part i ( coordinator : melanie metzger ) * ruth morgan the interplay of place and space in a namibian sign language narrative * kathleen wood negotiating literate identities : life stories of deaf students * susan m . mather adult - deaf toddler discourse will the real author please stand up ? : exploiting the speech of others * richard buttny talking race on campus : reported speech in accounts of race relations at a university campus * akira satoh reported speech in english and japanese : a comparative analysis * joyce tolliver evidentiality and accountability in literary narrative folk , interlocutor , and analytical frameworks * hanny feurer a place for folk linguistics in discourse analysis ? greetings in tibeto - burman languages * christianna i . white similarity and distinctiveness : a vantage analysis of plato 's gorgias * martin warren how do conversations begin and end ? 3 : 45 - 5 : 15 colloquium : developments in signed language discourse part ii ( coordinator : melanie metzger ) * tina m . neumann figurative language in an american sign language poem : personification and prosopopoeia * scott liddell and melanie metzger spatial mapping in an asl narrative : examining the use of multiple surrogate spaces * elizabeth a . winston spatial mapping in comparative discourse frames in american sign language political , intellectual , institutional identities * anna de fina pronominal choice , identity and solidarity in political discourse * charlotte linde other people 's stories : third person narrative in individual and group identity * karen tracy the identity work of questioning in intellectual discussion prior discourses and the structure of classroom interaction * mary buchinger bodwell "" now what does that mean , ' first draft ' ? "" : adult literacy classes and alternative models of editing a text * deborah poole the effects of text on talk in a class-room literacy event * myriam torres why teachers do not engage in co-construction of knowledge : a critical discourse analysis 5 : 30 - 6 : 30 roger shuy getting people to admit their guilt : a case study 6 : 45 - 7 : 45 deborah schiffrin narrative as self - portrait 8 : 00 - 11 : 00 reception , intercultural center galleria * saturday , february 18 * 9 : 30 - 10 : 30 heidi hamilton the aging of a poet : intertextuality and the co - construction of identities in the oppen family letter exchange 10 : 45 - 12 : 45 colloquium : developments in conversation analysis : oh , what , or , pardon ( coordinator : maria egbert ) * paul drew ' what ' ? : a sequential basis for an ' open ' form of repair initiation in conversation ( and some implications for cognitive approaches to interaction ) * maria egbert the relevance of interactants ' eye gaze to the organization of other-initiated repair : the case of german ' bitte ? ' ( ' pardon ? ' ) * anna lindstrom ' or ' - constructed inquiries as a resource for probing the relevance of prior talk in swedish conversation * john heritage ' oh ' - prefaced responses to inquiry privileged views in media discourse * gertraud benke news about news : textual features of news agency copies and their usage in the newsproduction * debra graham racism in the reporting of the o . j . simpson arrest : a critical discourse analysis approach * ian hutchby arguments and asymmetries on talk radio interactional explanations for patterns of variation * scott fabius kiesling using interactional discourse analysis to explain variation * sylvie dubois the coherent network of effects on discourse humorous faces * nancy k . baym humorous performance in a computer-mediated group * diana boxer and florencia cortes - conde teasing that bonds : conversational joking and identity display 12 : 45 - 2 : 45 theme lunch 2 : 45 - 4 : 45 negotiating authority and status * cynthia dickel dunn the language of the tea teacher : shifting indexical ground in a japanese pedagogical context * lena gavruseva ' what is this drivel about garages ? ' : the construction of authoritative self in the cover letter discourse * geoffrey raymond the voice of authority : sequence and turn design in live news broadcasts * hideko nornes abe discourse analysis on distal and direct styles of japanese women 's speech narrative structures across languages * viola g . miglio tense alternations in medieval prose texts * asli ozyurek how children use connectives to talk about a conversation * marybeth culley rhetorical elaborations of a chiricahua apache comic narrative genre * bethany k . dumas complex narratives in ozark discourse competing discourses and dominance * tony hak ' she has clear delusions ' : the production of a factual account * catherine f . smith democratic discourses * john clark standard and vernacular : persuasive discourse styles in conflict * kathryn remlinger keeping it straight : the socio-linguistic construction of a heterosexual ideology in a campus community 5 : 00 - 7 : 00 colloquium : discourse and conflict ( coordinator : christina kakava ) * faye c . mcnair - knox discourse and conflict in african - american english womantalk : patterns of grammaticalized disapproval in narratives * christina kakava evaluation in personal and vicarious stories : mirror of a greek man 's self * patricia e . o'connor ' you can't keep a man down ' : positioning in conflict talk and in violent acts * laine berman life stories from the streets : homeless children 's narratives of violence and the construction of a better world discourse influences on syntactic categories and structures * jennifer arnold the interaction between discourse focus and verbal form in mapudungun * rajesh bhatt information status and word order in hindi * paul hopper discourse and the category ' verb ' in english interactional construction of cognitive understanding * pamela w . jordan and megan moser multi - level coordination in computer-mediated conversation * claudia roncarati repetition and cognition in the information flow : a case-study in brazilian portuguese database * andrea tyler and john bro examining perceptions of text comprehensibility : the effect of order and contextualization cues * robbert - jan beun structure in cooperative dialogue 7 : 15 - 8 : 15 charles goodwin the social life of aphasia saturday evening theme dinner * sunday , february 19 * 9 : 30 - 10 : 30 frederick erickson discourse analysis as a communication chunnel : how feasible is a linkage between continental and anglo - american approaches ? 10 : 45 - 12 : 45 colloquium : frames theory and discourse ( coordinator : janice hornyak ) * janice hornyak personal and professional frames in office discourse * susan hoyle negotiation of footing in play * carolyn kinney the interaction of frames , roles and footings : conversational strategies of co-leaders in a long-term group * yoshiko nakano interplay of expectations in cross-cultural miscommunication : a case study of negotiations between americans and japanese * suwako watanabe framing in group discussion : a comparison between japanese and american students interpreting , challenging , evaluating gender * jennifer curtis contestation of masculine identities in a battering intervention program * keller s . magenau more than feminine : attending to power and social distance dimensions in spoken and written workplace communication * keli yerian professional and gendered identities in the discourse of two public television directors * donna trousdale social languages and privileging : gender and school science discourse discursive enactments of cultural ideologies * isolda carranza stance - making in oral interviews * shari e . kendall religion and experience : constructed dialogue , narrative , and life story in religious testimonies * agnes weiyun he stories as interactional resources : narrative activity in academic counseling encounters * orla morrissey discourse analysis as an evaluation methodology for technology assessment in pre-competitive r and d environments 12 : 45 - 2 : 15 lunch 2 : 15 - 3 : 45 computational approaches to discourse analysis * megan moser and johanna d . moore an approach to the study of discourse cues * yan qu a computational approach for automatically extracting discourse rules * donald lewis theme and eventline in a classical hebrew narrative : a computer-assisted analysis conversational moves * c . antaki , f . diaz , a . collins participants ' orientation to footing : evidence from conversational completion * peter muntigl saving face in argument : an analysis of face-threatening disagreements fine - tuning conversation * hiroko spees how aizuchi ' back channels ' shape and are shaped by the interaction in japanese conversation * toshiko hamaguchi manifestation of shared knowledge in conversation * yrjo engestrom discursive disturbances as bridge between the micro and the macro : evidence from activity-theoretical studies in collaborative work settings 4 : 00 - 5 : 00 deborah tannen academic discourse as discourse 5 : 00 - 5 : 15 ralph fasold closing remarks * * how to contact gls 1995 * * please send registration and requests for information regarding special discounts on airfare , accommodations , and transportation to the georgetown linguistics society : gls 1995 internet : gls @ guvax . georgetown . edu georgetown university bitnet : gls @ guvax . bitnet department of linguistics voice : ( 202 ) 687-6166 479 intercultural center washington , d . c . 20057-1068 regularly updated information is available through the world - wide web georgetown linguistics home page : http : / / www . georgetown . edu / cball / gu _ lx . html * * registration * * on - site registration will begin at 11 : 00 a . m . in the intercultural center ( icc ) galleria on friday , february 17 , 1995 . students $ 30 . 00 non - students $ 40 . 00
",0
1127,"Subject: re : 6 . 167 words that are their own opposites
 
 and how about fine , meaning 1 . meets minimum standards of acceptibility , possibly just barely 2 . markedly better than the usual or handicap , meaning 1 . disadvantage in some context 2 . advantage given to weaker competitor jean braithwaite university of maryland
",0
1128,"Subject: words that are their own opposites : sum , cont 'd .
 
 here are some explanations of three famous types of auto-antonymy . bob fradkin gives us the auto-antonymy of verbs of covering / uncovering , chuck bigelow follows the english blackening of indo - european ' white ' , and david gamon explores how modal expressions may come to mean their opposite . * * * bob fradkin ( raf100f @ oduvm . cc . odu . edu ) writes : dust is part of a series of noun-verb conversions related to coverings of things . if the noun gives a covering that is natural to the thing , then the verb means "" remove the covering . "" if the covering is imposed , the verb means "" put the covering on . "" so you get "" shell an egg "" "" peel a banana "" but "" paint the furniture "" "" wax the floor . "" dust is interesting because it can go either way : "" dust the furniture "" ( a sort of natural covering to be removed ) vs . "" dust the crops "" ( put stuff on them that they did n't have and would n't unless humans put it there ) . i mentioned this in my english grammar book "" stalking the wild verb phrase "" ( univ . pr . of america 1991 ) at the end of chp . 3 . * * * chuck bigelow ( bigelow @ cs . stanford . edu ) writes : ) from historical linguistics , a well known example of a word 's meaning shifting to its opposite is english "" black "" , of which the indo - european root is * bhel - ' to shine , flash , burn , be white ' etc . another modern reflex of * bhel is "" bald "" - ' having a shining or white head ' . from a variant of * bhel - , * bhelg - / * bhleg - ' to shine , burn ' comes germanic * blakaz ' burned ' , and thence old english "" blaec "" - ' black , that which has been burned ' . nifty . ( i ' m using calvert watkins ' dictionary of ie roots , houghton mifflin , as reference . ) * * * david gamon ( gamon @ garnet . berkeley . edu ) writes : enantiodriomia refers to the diachronic process of acquiring an "" opposite "" meaning , and i suppose a word having two such meanings would be an enantiodrome . i learned this , by the way , from professor matisoff here at berkeley . enantiodromia of modals / attitudinals the first example of such a word i had drawn to my attention is * doubt * , which historically has a meaning such that to doubt that something be true meant to suspect it to be true . in some parts of northern england , i ' m told , it still has this meaning . this was brought to my attention by professor bill stewart at cuny . another example i ' m familiar with is the english modal * must * , which is reconstructed as meaning "" to have freedom or space "" ; the gothic cognate meant "" to be free or have permission ( to do something ) . "" there are two classes of explanation offered in the literature for this particular example of enantiodromia . first explanation : negation drops out klaren ( 1913 ) and antinucci and parisi ( 1971 ) propose that the semantic shift took place in a negative context , as follows : neg ( free to do x ) - - ) compelled ( neg ( do x ) ) given the equivalence of a lack of freedom to do something and a compulsion to not do something , an innovative "" compulsion "" semantics was reanalyzed from the "" freedom "" semantics in a negative context with concomitant scope change of the negative operator . the reanalysis is made esepcially perspicuous given a & p 's notation , which decomposes the older meaning of the modal ( freedom / persmission ) into the primes neg ( bind ( neg ) ) : if one is free to do something , then one is not bound to do it ; if this is negated , the first two negs cancel out to leave only the narrow-scope neg , with a resultant meaning of bind neg or "" compelled not "" with narrow-scope neg , as follows : cause ( x ) ( neg ( neg ( bind ( neg ( john goes out ) ) ) ) ) [ = j . may not go out ] - - - ) cause ( x ) ( bind ( neg ( john goes out ) ) ) [ = john must not go out ] the same sort of explanation could be applied in reverse to the german modal * duerfen * , which underwent a semantic shift from an original "" necessity "" or "" compulsion "" semantics ( cf . mod . germ . * beduerfen * "" need , require , "" * duerftig * "" needy , poor , lacking "" ) to the modern "" permission "" meaning : bind ( neg ( do x ) ) - - ) neg ( free ( do x ) ) however , the a&p notation fails to link the conservative and innovative senses in a natural manner . second explanation : antithetical nature of modality the other kind of explanation has been proposed by breal ( quoted in bech 1951 , p . 19 ) , visser ( 1963-73 , p . 1797 ) and traugott ( 1989 ) , and basically proposes that permission is used as a polite way of imposing obligation , with the implication subsequently being semanticized , or the originally indirect speech act giving way to direct , conventionalized coding . one might see the same sort of shift occurring in present-day english in contexts that suggest that this sort of explanation may indeed be valid , as in "" you may leave now . "" one can see from this , at least , that what counts as an "" opposite "" is largely a matter of the scale one implicitly chooses along which to arrange the items at issue , or the specific semantic prime upon which one chooses to focus . also , one would n't even think of conceptualizing the innovative meaning as antonymous if most of the conservative meaning were n't being preserved intact . another example is * prove * , which in middle english meant something like "" to test , "" or in a legal context , "" to put on trial . "" when the expression "" the exception proves the rule "" was coined , it quite logically meant that an exception or counterexample to a generalization or claim makes you question the generalization or that the exception so to speak puts the rule on trial . as the verb * prove * shifted its meaning 180 degrees , the expression , illogical though it then became , was preserved simply because it 's so handy - - whenever someone presents counterevidence to your claim , you can write it off as "" the exception that proves the rule "" ! ( it 's interesting , by the way , how many "" folk "" justifications there are of the sense of this idiom - - but that 's another story . ) references antinucci , francesco and domenico parisi ( 1971 ) . on english modal verbs , cls 7 : 28-39 . bech , gunnar ( 1951 ) . grundzuege der semantischen entwicklungsgeschichte der hochdeutschen modalverba . copenhagen : ejnar munksgaard . klaren , g . a . ( 1913 ) . die bedeutungsentwicklung von koennen , moegen , und muessen in hochdeutschen . umea : aktiebolaget umea tryckerier . traugott , elizabeth c . ( 1989 ) . on the rise of epistemic meanings in english : an example of subjectification in semantic change . language 65 : 31-55 . visser , frederikus t . ( 1963-73 ) . an historical syntax of the english language . 3 vols . leiden : brill .
",0
1129,"Subject: re : 6 . 191 words that are their own opposites
 
 another example , known to devotees of the times crossword , is ' cleave ' , which means both to adhere to and to divide ( a cloven hoof , meat cleaver ) .
",0
1130,"Subject: grammatical relations and derived notions
 
 about two months ago i posted a query which , somewhat abbreviated , ran as follows : "" for some time , i have been puzzled by a claim that i come across frequently in the formal grammatical literature , namely that since grammatical relations are derived , therefore they cannot be referred to by the grammar . more specifically , my puzzlement is not concerned with why some people believe both that grammatical relations are derived and that grammatical relations cannot be referred to by the grammar , but rather with why they think the second belief follows necessarily from the first . i would be grateful for any enlightenment on this issue . "" my query did n't elicit a vast number of responses , so maybe i should conclude that people are n't really interested in this issue , but for those who might be interested i will summarize the responses . first , no one defended the position that i criticized . indeed , the general tenor , explicit or implicit , of the responses is that the position is erroneous . i am thus inclined to continue believing that it is an error that has unfortunately crept into the literature , one which i hope will disappear . some people pointed to other specific examples in linguistics and other sciences where derived notions play a crucial role , making it meaningful to argue about what are the correct derived notions . second , some people suggested that those who appear to make the claim in question might really be trying to say something different ( e . g . simply that the grammar should not refer directly to grammatical relations ) . but examination of the two most recent instances that i encountered , and which prompted me to post the query , shows that they only make sense if the claim is interpreted literally as i suggested . third , some people asked me to cite references to where the claim is made . i prefer not to do so . ( 1 ) it is n't my aim to embarrass anyone in front of the whole list ; there are others who are much better at that than i am . ( 2 ) it would be unfair to the authors of the two instances that i encountered most recently and which i remember - - i do n't see why i should cite them , especially as they are linguists whose work i respect - - while those i happen not to remember go uncited . i will be happy if the erroneous claim does n't appear in future . i am grateful to the following for their responses : dan finer , f . lehman , adam meyers , fritz newmeyer , sebastian shaumyan , jean - roger vergnaud . bernard comrie ( comrie @ bcf . usc . edu ) bernard comrie dept of linguistics gfs-301 tel + 1 213 740 2986 university of southern california fax + 1 213 740 9306 los angeles , ca 90089-1693 , usa e-mail comrie @ bcf . usc . edu
",0
1131,"Subject: citing e-texts summary
 
 dear linguists , here is the summary of responses i received in answer to my query about citing e-texts . firstly , though , i would like to thank the following people who kindly sent references and suggestions : keith schultz bruce nevin ismail s talib evelyn todd karl vogel helmer strik joel kristina harris loren allen billings stavros macrakis golge citak - seferoglu michael bernstein petur knutsson jane a . edwards , and allan c . wechsler * * * * * several people supplied the following references : 1 . li , xia & nancy b . crane ( 1993 ) _ electronic style : a guide to citing electronic information _ . meckler ( isbn 0-88736 - 909 - x ) approx . $ 15 . 00 . [ this reference seems to be the standard which most scholars currently follow ] 2 . apa style guide version 1 . 2 , revised july 14 , 1994 prepared by ron corio ( rcorio @ cabell . vcu . edu ) & maggi sokolik ( msokolik @ uclink . berkeley . edu ) adapted from : american psychological association . ( 1983 ) . _ publication manual of the american psychological association ( 3rd . ed . ) . _ washington , d . c . : american psychological association . 3 . _ the chicago manual of style _ 14th edition ( chicago : the university of chicago press , 1993 ) , pp . 633 - 4 , 699 . and loren allen billings gives the following reference : 4 . _ text encoding initiative _ . i ' m not sure who published it , but it is two volumes of everything you want to know about standardizing electronic texts . published in 1993 , i believe . jane edwards informs that : tesl-ej has prepared an electronic guide to preparing manuscripts according to apa ( american psychological association ) standards . this guide includes information on how to cite e-mail messages , online articles , as well as more traditional references . if you are interested in getting the guide , send a message to : listserv @ cmsa . berkeley . edu the text of the message should be the following line ( and nothing more ! ) get teslej - l apaguide teslej - l f = mail * * * * * jane then supplies a section from the tesl publication guide : note : the following is not a complete listing . if you have a reference or citation that does not fit the examples given here , please consult one of the reference works above . if you do not have access to them , contact one of the authors of this file . instructions include a reference list ( headed "" references "" ) at the end of the tesl-ej article that documents your sources and provides the necessary information to identify and retrieve each source . references must include only the sources that were used in the research and preparation of the article . a reference list cites specific works that support a particular article . a bibliography cites works for background or for further reading . apa journal style requires reference lists , not bibliographies . because of the limitations of ascii , certain typographical features cannot be displayed on screen . underscoring should be indicated by typing an underscore mark before and after the segment of text to be italicized or underlined . example : . . . in the journal _ language learning _ , diacritical marking , such as umlauts or accent marks , should be omitted . if the omission of these marks creates ambiguity or possible misinterpretation , this can be clarified via a footnote or parenthetical explanation . please note that the examples used in this document are for illustration only , and should not be used for actual citations . many are fictional or partly fictional . check all your sources carefully . i . in-text documentation citation within the text of a document refers the reader to an alphabetical reference list at the end of the article . apa format uses the author-date method of citation . the surname of the author and the date of publication are inserted at the appropriate point in the text . a . one work by single author 1 . if the name of the author appears in the text , cite only the year of publication in the text . shannon 's ( 1989 ) historical analysis . . . . 2 . otherwise , place the surname of the author and the year of publication with a comma separating the two . . . . lead to successful language learning ( chaudron , 1988 ) . 3 . within a paragraph you need not repeat the references to an author 's work as long as it cannot be confused with other work cited in the article . b . one work by two or more authors 1 . when a work has two authors , always use the surnames of both authors in all citations . join the two names by an ampersand ( & ) within parentheses , or by "" and "" within the text . . . . or simply ignore it ( hill & parry , 1988 ) . 2 . when a work has 3 - 6 authors , use the surnames of all authors in the first citation . in subsequent citations , include only the surname of the first author followed by "" et al . "" . . . process the text hierarchically ( armbruster , anderson & ostertag , 1984 ) . . . . 3 . when a work has more than six authors , use only the surname of the first author followed by "" et al . "" . . . on a test with exclusively open-ended questions ( pollit et al . , 1985 ) . c . works with no authors when a work has no author , cite the first two or three words of the reference list entry followed by the year . the first entry is usually the title . underline the title of a periodical or book and use double quotation marks around the title of an article or chapter . . . . on language use ( "" world languages , "" 1992 ) . . . . in the book ( _ language use _ , 1991 ) . d . specific parts of a source to cite a specific part of a source , include the page , chapter , figure , table , or equation in the citation . the words "" page "" and "" chapter "" are abbreviated in such citations ( see abbreviations ) . . . . and rewriting what is read ( freire , 1983 , p . 11 ) . abbreviations : chap . chapter ed . edition rev . ed . revised edition 2nd ed . second edition ed . ( eds . ) editor ( editors ) trans . translator ( s ) p . ( pp . ) page ( pages ) vol . volume ( as in vol . 4 ) vols . volumes ( as in four volumes ) no . number pt . part tech . rep . technical report suppl . supplement geographical abbreviations : for the u . s . , states and territories in the reference list should use the official two-letter u . s . p . s . abbreviation . city names and country names should not be abbreviated . e . personal communications letters , memos , telephone conversations , etc . are not included in the reference list , thus are cited in the text only . include the initials as well as the surname of the author and provide as exact a date as possible . . . . according to d . b . cooper ( personal communication , april 15 , 1969 ) . f . references in parenthetical material if a reference appears within parentheses , use commas ( not brackets ) to set off the date . . . . the second level ( see figure 1 of cowell & ross , 1992 , for full explanation . ) ii . reference list a . complete reference list the reference list should be in alphabetical order by author 's surnames . with names including "" de "" , "" von "" , etc . , those names should be alphabetized according to the rules of the language from which they originate . each entry should be indented five spaces from the second line forward , and there should be a blank line between entries . b . apa style 1 . periodicals doyle , w . ( 1977 ) . learning the classroom environment : an ecological analysis . _ journal of teacher education , 28 _ , 51-55 . 2 . books a . entire books bishop , a . j . & whitfield , r . c . ( 1982 ) . _ situations in teaching _ . london : mcgraw - hill . b . article or chapter within a book heath , s . b . ( 1989 ) . the learner as culture member , in m . l . rice & r . l . schiefelbusch ( eds . ) , _ the teachability of language _ ( pp . 333-350 ) . toronto : paul h . brookes . 3 . technical and research reports cummins , j . ( 1981 ) . the role of primary language development in promoting educational success for language minority students . in california state department of education ( ed . ) , _ schooling and language minority students : a theoretical framework _ . los angeles : california state university , evaluation , dissemination , and assessment center . 4 . proceedings of meetings and symposiums olson , d . r . , & hildyard , a . ( 1980 ) . _ literacy and the comprehension of literal meaning _ . paper presented at the conference on the development and use of writing systems , biefefeld , germany . 5 . doctoral dissertations and master 's theses besnier , n . ( 1986 ) . _ spoken and written registers in a restricted-literacy setting _ . unpublished doctoral dissertation . university of southern california , los angeles . 6 . unpublished manuscripts and publications of limited circulation parry , j . ( 1982 ) . _ popular attitudes towards hindu religious texts _ . unpublished manuscript . 7 . translations and non - english text translation : freud , s . ( 1920 ) . _ a general introduction to psychoanalysis _ ( j . riviere , trans . ) . new york : pocket books . non - english text : raynaud de lage , g . ( 1975 ) . _ introduction a l ' ancien francais _ , ( 9e edition ) . [ _ introduction to old french _ , ( 9th ed . ) ] . paris : societe d ' edition d ' enseignement superieur . 8 . reviews and interviews book review : rea , p . m . ( 1984 ) . [ review of _ issues in language testing _ by charles alderson and arthur hughes , eds . ] . _ language learning 34 , 3 _ , 175-188 . published interview : smith , d . ( 1990 ) . [ interview with wu leong ] . _ english yesterday 10 , 5 _ , 57-90 . 9 . nonprint media film : kirosawa , a . ( director & producer ) . ( 1970 ) . _ dodes ' kaden _ [ film ] . tokyo : films ltd . audio recording : carter , b . ( speaker ) . ( 1977 ) . _ the growth of english _ . ( cassette recording no . 222 ) . new york : audio associates . 10 . electronic media computer programs : sandford , j . a . & browne , r . j . ( 1985 ) . captain 's log : cognitive training system ( version 1 . 0 ) [ computer program ] . indianapolis : psychological software services , inc . online databases : _ the educational directory _ . [ online ] . ( 1992 ) . available : knowledge index file : the educational directory ( educ6 ) . ftp or telnet : kehoe , b . p . ( 1992 ) . _ zen and the art of the internet ( 2nd . ed . ) , [ online ] . available ftp ( or telnet ) : quake . think . com directory : pub / etext / 1992 file : zen10 . text articles available via e-mail : root , c . ( 1994 ) . esl and learning disabilities : a guide for the esl practitioner . _ tesl-ej 1 _ . available e-mail : listserv @ cmsa . berkeley . edu message : get teslej01 a - 4 teslej - l f = mail to cite e-mail messages : general format : author ( year , month day ) . _ subject of message _ [ e-mail to receiver 's name ] , [ online ] . available e-mail : receiver 's e-mail address . example : corio , r . ( 1994 , june 1 ) . _ apa guide deadline _ [ e-mail to margaret e . sokolik ] , [ online ] . available e-mail : msokolik @ uclink . berkeley . edu . * * * * * far as the location of a citation within an e-text is concerned keith schultz offers the following advice : 1 ) mention of context ; 2 ) character position of beginning within e-text 3 ) location given in paragraphs , lines , chapters , etc . naturally , these methods are not very effective or feasible for the human reader , but a human with a computer can very effectively find the given citations within an e-text within seconds given the above information . secondly , as e-text are generally located on mass storage ( disks ) they can be directly distributed with your article for reference . and not last but least the citation itself is a positional marker of the citation within the text itself if it is sufficiently large enough . finally , some noteworthy comments and common sense advice : keith also notes : "" i would not cite any source without first knowing where it has come from and its source as it is far to easy to manipulate any e-text and pass it on without leaving any traces of foul play , other than it differing from the original . "" on this same note , stavros macrakis states : "" if the provenance [ of the e - text ] is not clear , i do n't know why you 'd want to cite the thing in the first place ! if i give you a half-dozen xerox copies without the necessary bibliographic information , you would be wise not to rely on them too much ! "" and finally an important note on etiquette from evelyn todd : "" if you wish to cite an item that you received via [ . . . e-mail lists ] , please consider if the posting was public or private and contact its author for permission to cite . postings can be considered as published material , but it is always wise to check with the author before assuming that widespread dissemination was intended . "" [ i hope the evelyn and the other authors of the above comments do not mind my breaking this rule of etiquette here . ] i hope the information in this summary is of as much use to you all as it is to me and colleagues . thanks again to all those who contributed . "" moce mada "" jan tent department of literature and language school of humanities the university of the south pacific p . o . box 1168 suva fiji tel : ( 679 ) 313900 ext . 2263 fax : ( 679 ) 305053 e - mail : tent _ j @ usp . ac . fj
",0
1132,"Subject: sum : written signs in speech
 
 content - length : 18171 i ' m very grateful to those who responded - with such interesting references , comments and examples - to my query about written signs being transferred to speech , and apologize that i could n't thank everyone individually . those who replied were : agnes roman ( aromi @ eratos . erin . utoronto . ca ) peter jones ( jonep @ dg13 . cec . be ) deborah milam berkley ( dberkley @ u . washington . edu ) karen gammelgaard ( karen . gammelgaard @ easteur-orient . uio . no ) gail stygall ( stygall @ u . washington . edu ) "" rebecca larche moreton ( becky ) "" ( mlrlm @ vm . cc . olemiss . edu ) robert dale ( rdale @ microsoft . com ) "" karen s . chung "" ( karchung @ ccms . ntu . edu . tw ) peter - arno coppen ( u250005 @ vm . uci . kun . nl ) "" dr . christian k . nelson "" ( cnelson @ vm . cc . purdue . edu ) philippe mennecier ( ferry @ cimrs1 . mnhn . fr ) "" e . h . klein - v . d . laaken "" ( klein @ let . rug . nl ) stephen p spackman ( spackman @ dfki . uni-sb . de ) "" john m . jeep "" ( jjeep @ miamiu . acs . muohio . edu ) bill king ( wfking @ ccit . arizona . edu ) james kirchner ( jpkirchner @ aol . com ) my original posting asked about such sentences as : we used to believe that "" real "" men did n't show their emotions which i thought could be expressed in speech as : we used to believe that real - in quotation marks - men . . . or we used to believe that quote real ( unquote ) men . . . or by ' imitating ' double quotation marks with one or two fingers of both hands when pronouncing ' real ' . other examples were the use of the word ' period ' : elvis was the greatest there ever was , period . and ' underline ' , ' unterstreichen ' and 's ouligner ' to mean ' emphasize ' . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * roman agnes ( aromi @ eratos . erin . utoronto . ca ) just a few exemples from hungarian ; 1 . "" megirod a leckedet , pont . "" = you ' ll write your homework , period . ( meaning : strict order , no further discussion permitted . ) 2 . "" eljott kati is , zarojelben megjegyzem , nagyon ideges volt . . . "" = kathy came too , [ and ] i note in parentheses , she was very nervous . ( meaning : i make a "" side "" comment ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * jones peter ( jonep @ dg13 . cec . be ) the french use ' full stop ' with even more emphasis - point , a la ligne . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * deborah milam berkley ( dberkley @ u . washington . edu ) this is n't a serious scholarly answer to your query . have you ever heard victor borge 's routine on so-called "" phonetic punctuation "" ? it 's awfully funny . he does it on the video of his 80th birthday celebration at wolf trap in the u . s . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * karen . gammelgaard @ easteur-orient . uio . no a good introduction to problems of transferring written signs to speech and vice versa is josef vachek ( 1989 ) , written language revisited , amsterdam - philadelphia : john benjamins . your example with the use of period meaning no more discussion necessary has equivalents in czech and danish . czech : "" elvis byl nejvetsi zpevak vsech dob , tecka . "" ( tecka = period ) danish : "" elvis var tidernes st | rste , punktum "" ( punktum = period ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * gail stygall ( stygall @ u . washington . edu ) author : dillon , george l . title : my words of an other . year : 1988 language : english pub . type : journal article ; evaluative report ; position paper source : college english ; v50 n1 p63 - 73 jan 1988 abstract : considers the conventions of quotation marks - - or "" perverted commas "" - - and identifies seven uses , including shudder quotes ( slang or inappropriate words ) and scare quotes ( used for attention or emphasis ) . notes that quotation marks influence meaning and that finding a personal voice entails using language without quotes . ( mm ) subject major : punctuation . subject minor : discourse - analysis . higher - education . plagiarism . semantics . writing - composition identifiers : quotations . voice - rhetoric . word - choice . word - potency . writing - attitudes . writing - style . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * "" rebecca larche moreton ( becky ) "" ( mlrlm @ vm . cc . olemiss . edu ) your first example of punctuation that has been put into a spoken sentence is interesting because the quotation marks around "" real "" in "" real "" man are the written way of expressing ironic emphasis in the voice that would otherwise be lost in print . then , reading from the page , or pretending to do so , the speaker says : real , quote-unquote , or makes one of the bracketing gestures y ou mention , but i 'd be willing to bet he also puts the extra stress on the work real , just as he would have done if he had n't said quote - unquote . so the irony is doubly marked . in the other example , in your irrefutable statement about the king , the word period serves as an emphatic sentence particle . this is not the meaning of an actual period , which in print serves simply to show the end of a sentence . there are , then , two different things going on in the two examples . i have heard people who really wanted to cut off further debate say things like : you are not going out tonight , period , period ! with the first period on a low pitch and the second one higher and much louder . the second period has emphatic stress , i . e . , is higher and louder than the first , which has end-of - sentence pitch and a stress . as for other examples , the only ones that come to mind right now are those involving the decimal system : in french , one says "" sept virgule trois "" for 7 , 3 just as we say seven point three . this must have parallels in other languages . by the way , since you are interested in this , maybe you 'd enjoy hearing the phonetic punctuation routines of the danish - born pianist and comedian victor borge . he has a system of indicating punctuation by means of various mouth-noises , usually as rude as possible , which makes for some hilarious patter . it has been a long time since i heard him , but i believe his records are still available . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * robert dale ( rdale @ microsoft . com ) what 's your take on the use of the word "" parenthetically "" as in parenthetically , i should say here that . . . stretching it a bit further , how about "" item "" in the following ( not at all convinced by this one but just in case ) : there are some things we should get straight here . item : no smoking in class ; item : no eating in class . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * "" karen s . chung "" ( karchung @ ccms . ntu . edu . tw ) this happens when certain words are borrowed from the local dialect , ' taiwanese ' ( or ' southern min ' ) , into the standard national language , mandarin , via latin letters to represent the taiwanese sound . e . g . a local variety of lettuce is called in taiwanese e5 a2 chhai3 , and perhaps most people call it by its taiwanese name rather than its mandarin name , wo1 ju4 . but then it became common to represent the taiwanese term in writing thus : a cai4 . people subsequently started pronouncing it like it was written , which is quite unlike the taiwanese compound on which it was based . the same has happened with the taiwanese term for 's pringy ' ( in reference e . g to rice ) : khiu7 became q . this raised the tone from a middle level to high level ( there is no middle level tone in mandarin ) . i can give you a reference on this : hansell , mark ( mhansell @ carleton . edu ) . _ the sino - alphabet : the assimilation of roman letters into the chinese writing system _ . philadelphia : sino - platonic papers , no . 45 , may 1994 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * peter - arno coppen ( u250005 @ vm . uci . kun . nl ) i think the quotation marks can also be expressed by a characteristic intonation pattern ( starting the quoted part with a new tone word , with l * hl intonation ) . also , pronouncing quotation marks with "" say "" seems ( in some cases ) to be appropriate : i think that , say "" intelligence "" , has something to do with it about the origin : in the sixties / seventies , the danish comedian victor borge was rather successful with his "" phonetic puntuation "" , in which he e . g . "" pronounced "" quotation marks with two clicking sounds , accompanied by the finger sign you mentioned . this will surely not be the origin , but i saw many people imitating him since then . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * "" dr . christian k . nelson "" ( cnelson @ vm . cc . purdue . edu ) i ' m not sure , but think that what you ' re interested in might overlap with the phenomenon of "" reported speech , "" which bakhtin and his circle dealt with . perhaps there is a better reference for their work , but the one i ' m familiar with is v . n . volosinov 's ( 1973 ) _ marxism and the philosophy of language _ ( cambridge , ma : harvard univ . press ; l . matejka & i . r titunik , trans . ) . i should note that some believe this book was actually authored by bahktin , but bears volosinov 's name for political reasons . anyway , part 3 seems pertinent to your interests . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * philippe mennecier ferry @ cimrs1 . mnhn . fr the same phenomena exist in french : on a coutume de penser que les vrais hommes ( entre guillemets ) ne montrent pas leurs e / motions . ( your example ) , or the same - by ' imitating ' double quotation marks with * two * fingers of both hands when pronouncing "" vrais hommes "" . to break off further discussion , we say , as your "" period "" : "" un point , c ' est tout . "" it 's lexicalized . je ne le ferai pas , un point c ' est tout . ( i shall not do that , period ) note also , lexicalized : "" entre parenthe / ses "" ( "" e "" with "" grave accent "" ) or , better , "" soit dit entre parenthe / ses "" ( by the way ) , in order to express a private comment . ( . . . ) ( soit dit ) entre parenthe / ses , il n ' est pas tre 's malin . ( by the way , between ourselves , he is not very clever ) of course , we can use other expression by irony , like : i said that with points of suspension ( avec des points de suspension ) , but it is not lexicalized . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * "" e . h . klein - v . d . laaken "" ( klein @ let . rug . nl ) i can contribute some dutch examples : je gaat vanavond niet weg , punt uit ! you go tonight not away , period end ! * meaning : end of discussion of het vlug genoeg gaat . . daar zet ik wat vraagtekens bij . whether it goes fast enough . . there i add some question marks . * meaning : i ' m not to sure about that hij onderstreepte nog eens hoe belangrijk dit was . he underlined once again how important this was . een echte - tussen aanhalingstekens - man . . a real - between quotation marks - man een echte man - tussen aanhalingstekens dan . . a real man - that is , between quotation marks . . tussen twee haakjes , wat doe jij vanavond ? between two brackets , what do you tonight ? * meaning : introducing a question unrelated to the discussion that goes on or has just finished . de boeren , die het , tussen twee haakjes , al gemakkelijker hebben dan vroeger , . . the farmers , who , between two brackets , have already an easier life than before , . . * meaning : an additional remark , that nevertheless has some importance i heard or read somewhere ( do n't know where , do n't know when ) that people use also keyboardstrikes in their talk , that would be a modern version of your question ; e . g . , f7 meaning ' i will remember ' ( from wordperfect ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * i seem to recall that the last words of sellar & yateman ( spelling from memory ! ) _ 1066 and all that _ are "" america was now clearly top nation and so history came to a full . "" i ' m not sure what kind of example that is : - ) . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * "" john m . jeep "" ( jjeep @ miamiu . acs . muohio . edu ) the germans also say / use "" in / mit gaensefuesschen "" lit . 's mall goose feet ' , the colloquial expression for quotation marks , with similar elocutionary force . my suspicion is that this is a borrowing ( by academics ? ) from english and / or american , but of course these things are difficult to trace . there must be a technical term for the study of gestures ( the german term is ' gestik ' , from ' geste ' ' gesture ; the former being an abstract noun ' gesturing ' or the like ) . i seem to remember the same quotation marks gesture in the german usage ( german here means german language , not limited , in my mind , to german citizens ) . it is not uncommon for a german speaker , while lecturing , to use the middle finger [ sic ] to punctuate the first in a series of fingered ordinal numbers , although in a restaurant the thumb is used as ' 1 ' , thumb and pointer for ' 2 ' and so on . of course the obscene insult can be used as well , another borrowing ? * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * bill king wfking @ ccit . arizona . edu spoken ellipsis . "" so , in the middle of the lecture she was saying that the rhetorical usage was changing dot dot dot . we got the message long before she finished . "" * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * james kirchner jpkirchner @ aol . com the first time i became aware of this phenomenon was in the late ' 60s , when i was about 12 , and some british "" progressive rock "" song was being played on the radio here in detroit ( do n't remember the name or the group ) . it began with a spoken part mimicking a preacher or professor and he was pronouncing the letters of the abbreviation "" i . e . "" rather than saying "" as in "" : "" . . . [ ? aj ? i : ] society , [ ? aj ? i : ] the church . . . "" this spoken "" i . e . "" is so common here in the states that , despite being a "" highly literate "" person , i did n't know it meant "" as in "" until a year or two ago when my czech - born teaching colleagues in europe told me . i still do n't believe the two mean the same thing anymore in colloquial speech . people here also pronounce "" e . g . "" for "" for example "" , "" a k a "" for "" also known as "" , and latin abbreviations are often pronounced as written , such as "" et al "" for "" and others "" . the french "" a la "" used in the sense of "" after the fashion of "" is so commonly spoken that i now see it written as a word "" ala "" . the most common rendering of the written quotation marks here is a sort of quickly spoken compound word "" quoteunquote "" , as in , "" he 's not a quoteunquote * real * man . "" ( the emphasis always follows . ) business offices are full of spoken acronyms spoken such as "" cya "" ( from "" cover your ass "" ) to mean a nearly superfluous blame prevention precaution or fact verification measure one takes when doing a particular job ( "" do it as a cya "" or "" this is just a cya measure "" ) . "" kma "" from "" kiss my ass "" , in ad agencies , designates a job people have to do free on their own time , e . g . , because it 's for their boss 's favorite charity ( "" this is just a kma so do n't hurry . "" or "" it 's a kma job , but you still have to rush it , i ' m really sorry . "" ) asap "" as soon as possible "" is pronounced as a word sounding nearly like "" ass at "" . i suppose the classic case of such a thing is the originally military word "" snafu "" , which stood for "" situation normal - - all fucked up "" . check this if it 's useful , but i swear i heard people in the czech republic colloquially using the letters of their abbreviation "" atd . "" instead of the full "" a tak dale "" to mean "" for example "" . closer to what you ' re asking for would be the growing use of the phrase "" question mark "" over here to mean simply something unknown : "" this event leaves a big question mark over the whole project . "" you know , this phenomenon is n't only confined to speech . here is a sentence from the letters column of the january 30 , 1995 u . s . edition of time magazine : "" those of us who have to use pcs at work but choose to have macs at home know that macs , while not problem free , are far and away superior to pc compatibles , period ! "" notice this use of "" period "" followed by an exclamation point . the word period in this usage has been reanalysed to such a degree that it 's not uncommon in the u . s . to hear emphatic statements like the following : "" i ' m not going period ! exclamation point ! "" "" period "" has thus come to mean something like "" in any case "" . americans also say "" slash "" to designate "" / "" : "" he 's kind of a carpenter slash bricklayer . "" "" it 's more or less like a cafe slash bookshop . "" "" if he slash she has a gender , * i * sure can't tell ! "" we also say "" hyphen "" in a similar way : "" he 's an actor hyphen tennis pro . "" also do n't forget the emergence over the last 20 years or so of the term "" bottom line "" , describing the sum of an arithmetic problem or an accounting ledger , and used to mean "" the summation "" or "" the point of the matter "" . in the 1970s i heard it mainly in two set forms , the question , "" what 's the bottom line ? "" ( i . e . , what 's the point ? ) and a main clause "" the bottom line is that . . . "" ( i . e . , what i ' m getting at is . . . ) . now it 's become sort of a complementizer as well , so you hear things like : "" he gave me this big runaround about how his wife was sick , and he had to do overtime at work , and he 's got an exam coming , and all this crap , bottom line he 's not gonna come . "" i ' ve also heard people , who want to end useless heated discussion of something and move on to another point , yell things like , "" wait a minute ! . . . . . new paragraph ! "" some of this stuff almost sounds like people are thinking in comic strip images : "" there 's a question mark hanging over him . "" ( i . e . , his fate is uncertain ) . this is similar to idioms that most certainly have such origins , such as , "" i just saw a light bulb over your head . what 's your idea ? "" the germans read the comma aloud in their decimals much as we here say "" point "" , so american 1 . 0 "" one point zero "" would be german 1 , 0 "" eins komma null "" .
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1133,"Subject: re : 6 . 176 sum - c gemination
 
 reply to : re ) 6 . 176 sum : c gemination ( syntactic ) afterthought on gemination - - sorry to come in late on the discussion . the summary notes the celtic "" mutation "" called "" gemination "" in works such thurneysen 's grammar of old irish . one should not be too quick to call it that . subsequent work has shown that mostly this meant the absence of lenition or nasalization , not an actual twinning ( . i . doubling ) of the sound . this is the vestige of ( common celtic or pre - irish ) - c [ - nasal ] # # c - - boundaries , as opposed to those which caused lenition ( - v # # c - - ) and nasalization ( - c [ + nasal ] # # c - - ) . nasalization was ( is ) realized as the voicing of unvoiced initial stops , and the nasalization of voiced stops , with variations too ornate to go into here . note that in old irish , various kinds of subordination were marked very often by the lenition or nasalization of the initial consonant of the initial word of the clause ( usu . a verb , of course ) . see thurneysen for an exhaustive display of the facts . i cannot speak for mod . breton , but my impression is that the brythonic situation largely reflects a similar "" system "" .
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1134,"Subject: re : 6 . 161 qs : cree , new guinea language , karcevskij , dick armey
 
 re : dick , dick armey has anyone done any 007 sleuthing on the time gap between the error and correction ? has armey made such errors before ? what about the prosody ? is there a tune called "" begin the harangue "" with a hard g ? bill king univ . of arizona disclaimer : i know how to pronounce barney frank .
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1135,"Subject: dependency grammar
 
 my draft of a booklength manuscript on "" unification dependency grammar "" is now available via anonymous ftp from julius . ohio-state . edu . ps . gz in the directory \ pub \ hpsg \ papers \ udg via the commands mget * . * ( for all files ) or get ( filename ) ( for any one file ) i am also told that the url ( whatever that is ) is ftp / / ling . ohio-state . edu / pub / hpsg / papers / udg . note the suffix . gz on the filenames . this means that the files are compressed and need to be uncompressed via the command "" gunzip "" . but if you are accessing from a www browser , then the uncompression usually occurs automatically . due to the sometimes less than perfect compatibility of different computer systems , some of the trees and feature structures in the version you receive may be somewhat garbled . if so , let me know and i will send you a paper copy of the unreadable parts . even linguists not generally interested in formal syntax might want to look at chapter 1 , since this is not very technical , covers general background and provides a general comparison of dependency structure and constituent structure . chapter 2 deals with the lexicon , and as in any lexicalist model is necessarily considerably more technical . but if you understand this , the other chapters are more or less self-contained , i think . in other words , you could read and generally understand chapter 6 , for example , without reading chapters 3 - 5 . there is possibly no individual concept in this text which is completely new . it is rather a new combination of old concepts . a particularly large debt is owed to hpsg . dan maxwell 100101 . 2276 @ compuserve . com
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1136,"Subject: summary of multimodal refs
 
 summary to my query of early january : ) dear linguists , ) ) does anyone know of work - - studies , analyses - - in multimodal reference : ) i . e . how words and picture interact and refer to each other in texts ? ) thanks to all who responsed , among them : susan meredith burt , robert dale , karen emmorey , sharon flank , lisa frumkes , sabine geldof , james a . mcgilvray , georgia green , marti hearst , richard hirsch , sally jacoby , pirjo karvonen , john lee , dick oehrle , toshio ohori , laurent romary , deborah d k ruuskanen , roberta trites , mats wiren . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the background to my query is that my group has worked for some time with multimodal input to computer systems , using combinations of text and direct manipulation : point and click gestures . just recently we extended our scope somewhat , and we have just completed a first running version of a speech interface to a 3 - d graphic virtual environment . i myself am looking at reference resolution in the interface . we are currently in the process of experimenting and fooling about with it . i was surprised myself at the strong effects of visual focus and interactivity on referent choice in situations which could be construed as ambiguous , and conversely , how in certain constructions , the textual effects completely override visual and gestural cues . just recently we completed the first stage of the project . i will be happy to mail anyone a copy of our first tentative report on how things turned out . this led me on to a side track : i am currently working on a statistical study of a tintin album ( l ' oreille cassee ) to see how the pictorial mode of the text affects the structure of referential expressions . jussi karlgren , ivan bretan , niklas frost , lars jonsson . 1995 . ` ` interaction models for speech interfaces to virtual environments ' ' , proceedings of second eurographics workshop on virtual environments - - realism and real time , monte carlo . darmstadt : fraunhofer igd . integrating speech and virtual reality technology is being done simultaneously by several research groups , and there are several publications from various sources in the works . naturally , multimodality in the human computer interface can be more than speech , vision , and gestures , and a fair amount of work has been put into investigating effects of adding text input or output to graphical displays or vice versa . there are several studies made on multimodal aspects of human-human discourse , both spoken and in text form , some with an eye on application on human-computer interaction , and some not . several responses encouraged me to look more at studies of children 's literature : the standard reference to that appears to be nodelman , in the following list . the following list only contains the complete references i have been sent so far . they keep arriving , so i may post a revised version if i receive enough more material . naturally , the field is diverse and large , and this list does in no way even approximate the breadth and depth of study in the area , but much of the work in it is new to me . i hope it is of some use ! ( more ) computer oriented work - - system descriptions and empirical studies : edwin bos , carla huls , and wim claassen . 1994 . ` ` edward : full integration of language and action in a multimodal user interface ' ' { \ it international journal of human - computer studies } , { \ bf 40 } : 473-495 . r . chandrasekar and s . ramani . 1989 . ` ` interactive communication of sentential structure and content : an alternative approach to man-machine communication ' ' , { \ it international journal of man - machine studies } { \ bf 30 } : 121-148 . \ item philip r . cohen . 1992 . ` ` the role of natural language in a multimodal interface ' ' , proceedings of the acm symposium on user interface software and technology ( uist ) , monterey , pp . 143-150 . steven k . feiner and kathleen r . mckeown . automating the generation of coordinated multimedia explanations ieee computer 24 ( 10 ) 33-41 october 1991 . interactive spoken dialogue interface in virtual worlds christophe godereaux , korinna diebel , pierre - olivier el guedj , pierre nugues . proc . ling conc and methods in cscw , london , nov 94 . govindaraju , v . ; srihari , s . n . ; sher , d . b . caption - aided face location in newspaper photographs . proceedings of 11th iapr international conference on pattern recognition . vol . 1 . computer vision and applications . the hague , netherlands . 1992 . los alamitos , ca , usa : ieee comput . soc . press , p . 474 - 7 . govindaraju , v . ; srihari , s . n . ; sher , d . a computational model for face location based on cognitive principles . aaai-92 . proceedings tenth national conference on artificial intelligence , san jose , ca , usa . 1992 . menlo park , ca , usa : aaai press , p . 350 - 5 . \ item [ susann luperfoy ] . 1992 . { \ it the representation of multimodal user interface dialogues using discourse pegs } . { \ it proceedings of the 30th annual meeting of the association of computational linguistics } , newark . \ item johanna d . moore and william r . swartout . 1990 . ` ` pointing : a way toward explanation dialogue ' ' , { \ it proceedings of aaai } , boston . dagmar schmauck ' deixis in der mensch - maschine - interaktion multimediala referentenidentifikation durch naturliche und simulierte zeigegesten . ' tubingen : niemeyer . 1991 . wahlster , w . , andre , e . , finkler , w . , profitlich , h . - j . and rist , t . plan - based integration of natural language and graphics generation . artificial intelligence , 63 ( 1 - 2 ) pp 387-427 , october 1993 ( less ) computer based work , mainly human-human interaction studies , although some have an eye on application in human-computer interface design . \ item [ alphonse chapanis , robert b . ochsman , robert n . parrish , and gerald d . weeks ] , ` ` studies in interactive communication : i . the effects of four communication modes on the behavior of teams during cooperative problem solving ' ' , human factors 14 : 6 ( 1972 ) 487-509 \ item [ alphonse chapanis , robert n . parrish , robert b . ochsman , and gerald d . weeks ] , ` ` studies in interactive communication : ii . the effects of four communication modes on the behavior of teams during cooperative problem solving ' ' , human factors 19 : 2 ( 1977 ) 101-126 \ item [ philip r . cohen ] , ` ` the pragmatics of referring and the modality of communication ' ' , computational linguistics 10 : 2 ( 1984 ) 97-147 glenberg , a . & kruley , p . ( 1992 ) . pictures and anaphora : evidence for independent processes . _ memory and cognition _ , 20 ( 5 ) , 461-471 . glenberg , a . & mcdaniel , m . ( 1992 ) . mental models , pictures , and text : integration of spatial and verbal information . _ memory and cognition _ , 20 ( 5 ) , 458-460 . nelson goodman _ languages of art _ and _ routes of reference _ georgia m . green and margaret olsen . interactions of text and illustration in beginning reading . technical report 355 , center for the study of reading , university of illinois , champaign , illinois . hammel , eugene a . ( 1972 ) the myth of structural analysis : levi - strauss and the three bears . current topics in antrhropology , vol . 5 , module 26 , 1972 , paages 1-29 . neilson and lee , "" conversations with graphics . . . "" in int . journal of human - computer studies , 40 , 1994 . nodelman , perry ( 1988 ) . _ words about pictures _ . athens , georgia : university of georgia press . ochs , e . , jacoby , s . , & gonzales , p . ( 1994 ) interpretive journeys : how physicists talk and travel through graphic space . configurations , 2 ( 1 ) , 151-171 . ochs , e . , gonzales , p . , & jacoby , s . ( forthcoming ) . "" when i come down i ' m in the domain state "" : grammar and graphic representation in the interpretive activity of physicists . in e . a . schegloff , e . ochs , & s . thompson ( eds . ) , grammar and interaction , cambridge university press . again , thanks to all who responded ! j jussi karlgren , fil . lic . jussi . karlgren @ sics . se sw inst of comp sc ( sics ) spr } kteknologi / natural language processing box 1263 , 164 28 kista ph + 46 8 752 15 00 , fax + 46 8 751 72 30 stockholm , sweden http : / / sics . se / ~ jussi / jussi-karlgren . html
",0
1137,"Subject: * * * correction to hellenistic greek announcement
 
 a couple of days ago i send an fyi on hellenistic greek linguistics resources . if you have not yet sent it out , would you be able to correct the url given from http : / / tartarus . uwa . edu . au / hgrk to : http : / / www . uwa . edu . au / hgrk many thanks . james k . tauber ( jtauber @ tartarus . uwa . edu . au ) 4th year honours student , centre for linguistics university of western australia , wa 6009 , australia
",0
1138,"Subject: address change / changement d ' adresse
 
 please note that the street address for the department of linguistics at the university of ottawa has changed . the complete address , which you may wish to modify in your lsa directory etc . , is as follows : department of linguistics university of ottawa change - - - ) 200 wilbrod street ottawa , on k1n 6n5 canada all telephone numbers , e-mail addresses and fax numbers were unaffected by the move .
",0
1139,"Subject: dhumbadji ! , journal for the history of language
 
 good news for all subscribers , the december issue of dhumbadji ! was printed and posted before xmas . overseas subscribers will have to wait for theirs to arrive by sea mail , owing to the cost of producing and posting 100 a4 pages , but it will be worth the wait . thanks to all of you who subscribed in 1994 , we hope that there will be many more of you in 1995 , especially given the untimely death of mother tongue . the editors of dhumbadji ! will naturally be delighted to consider any papers , squibbs , letters or news items relating to the origin and diversification of language . a happpy new year to you all . paul sidwell secretary , association for the history of language po box 117 , la trobe university , australia , 3083 .
",0
1140,"Subject: sum : progressive with future time reference
 
 content - length : 6465 some time ago i posted a query concerning the possible existence of languages in which the morpheme expressing the notion of "" progressive "" may be used with future time reference , as in english : - i am leaving tomorrow . the coexistence of progressive and a future time adverbial is the decisive factor . i started from a very scanty piece of knowledge : besides english , i only know of icelandic ( quoted in a paper by karen ebert , that will appear in a volume on tense and aspect ) , and possibly kinyarwanda ( but i need more data concerning this language ) . as i suspected , this feature seems to be very rare . i got only two answers . the first one is from john koontz ( koontz @ alpha . bldr . nist . gov ) . since it is not particularly long , i reproduce it entirely : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the dhegiha branch of mississippi valley siouan all form progressives by pairing the simple verb with a positional auxiliary , and omitting the plural / proximate marker that otherwise occurs in the plural forms and the third person singular proximate . dhatha = i he ate / eats dhatha = i they ate / eat dhathe he ( obv ) ate / eats dhathe = akha he is eating dhathe = ama they are eating the usual reading of the simple form is past / aorist . there are special auxiliary and / or enclitic constructions for habitual . the future is formed with the enclitic = tte , which requires the auxiliary following it . dhathe = tta = akha he will eat dhathe = tta = ama they will eat the future without the auxiliary expresses polite requests , and there is also a form = tta = i = the ( no auxiliary ; basically the evidential of the future ) that has the reading ` shall surely ' . dhathe = tta = i = the he / they shall surely eat note also : dhatha = bi = ama they say that he ate / eats ( not the same ama , i believe ) dhatha = i = the it seems that he ate / eats john koontz = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = answering a further request of clarification , koontz kindly added the following ( the letter b presumably stands for my syrname ) : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ) the dhegiha branch of mississippi valley siouan all form progressives by ) pairing the simple verb with a positional auxiliary , and omitting the ) plural / proximate marker that otherwise occurs in the plural forms and the ) third person singular proximate . ) ) dhatha = i he ate / eats dhatha = i they ate / eat ) dhathe he ( obv ) ate / eats ) ) dhathe = akha he is eating dhathe = ama they are eating b ) why are there two forms : akha and ama ? these auxiliaries are identical to the definite articles , and like them code the shape / posture / motion of the subject . historically there are derived from positional verbs and particles . = akha is the singular / motionless / proximate form = ama is the plural or singular / moving / proximate form other forms are used in the first and second persons , generally derived from the sitting article / auxiliary , e . g . , mi ~ khe ` i the sitting ' , ni ~ khe ` you the sitting ' . the stem is dhi ~ khe ` ( he ) the sitting ' . ) the usual reading of the simple form is past / aorist . there are special ) auxiliary and / or enclitic constructions for habitual . b ) your gloss indicates indicates present meaning , non only past / aorist b ) meaning . a present , non-progressive reading is possible in appropriate contexts . i believe such forms are essentially nomic . ) the future is formed with the enclitic = tte , which requires the auxiliary ) following it . ) ) dhathe = tta = akha he will eat dhathe = tta = ama they will eat b ) does it have progressive and future meaning , or only future ? no trace at all of progressive reading that i have detected . the forms without the auxiliary are limited to those mentioned , i . e . , the future of surity with = the appended , and the future of polite requests , used without further marking , in the second person . ) the future without the auxiliary expresses polite requests , and there is ) also a form = tta = i = the ( no auxiliary ; basically the evidential of the ) future ) that has the reading ` shall surely ' . ) ) dhathe = tta = i = the he / they shall surely eat ) ) note also : ) ) dhatha = bi = ama they say that he ate / eats ( not the same ama , i believe ) ) dhatha = i = the it seems that he ate / eats ) ) john koontz similar patterns occur in all of the dhegiha languages , i . e . , omaha - ponca , osage , kansa ( kaw ) , and quapaw . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the second answer is from lars anders kulbrandstad ( larsanders . kulbrandstad @ hamarlh . no ) . unfortunately , there are some misterious characters , but the content is sufficiently clear . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = there is no fullfledged progressive construction in norwegian , but we have something that still might be of interest to you . dialects in the south-eastern part of the country have a future construction consisting of the auxilliary "" bli "" ( literally = 3d "" get , become "" = ) in the present tense + present participle of the main verb . the sentence corresponding to "" i will be going to oslo tomorrow "" would be "" je blir draens ( = 3d "" i + get / become + going "" ) tel oslo i m = e5r = e5 ! "" = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = i hope this may be of some interest to somebody , or maybe stimulate other people to provide further information on this matter . i am still eager to receive new input . thanks to those who responded . best , pm _ - _ _ _ - _ ( ) _ ( ) / ( ( ) ) ( - _ ( ) / _ - _ - ) \ _ _ ( _ - _ - _ ) | | | | ( _ - _ ) / _ _ _ _ pier marco bertinetto / / / / / / / - - - - - - - scuola normale superiore / / / / / / / p . za dei cavalieri 7 - - - - - - - i-56126 pisa / / / / / / / - - - - - - - tel . + + 39 / ( 0 ) 50 / 509111 / / / / / / / fax : + + 39 / ( 0 ) 50 / 563513 - - - - - - - / / / / / / / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nb : alternative email addresses : / bertinet @ sns . it / / bertinetto @ sns . it /
",0
1141,"Subject: call for papers : linguistics session of the m / mla
 
 call for papers linguistics session - - midwest modern language association , st . louis , missouri , november 2 - 4 , 1995 topic : dialogue in fiction - - applications of theories / approaches from linguistic and cognitive sciences to dialogue in fiction . papers may explain how dialogue in fiction works ( with or without comparison to real conversation ) ; revise existing theories of language use , and perhaps offer new ones , based on analysis of dialogue in fiction ; or interpret texts through dialogue . please send abstracts or papers to : deborah f . rossen - knill , institute for research in cognitive science , 3401 walnut street , suite 4c , philadelphia , pa 19104-6228 . deadline : march 27 , 1995 questions ? contact deborah f . rossen - knill : drossen @ linc . cis . upenn . edu .
",0
1142,"Subject: call for abstracts
 
 call for abstracts the present - day english language discussion group of the mla will sponsor a session at the 1995 mla gathering in chicago titled : linguistic approaches to the study of technical language & discourse if interested , submit a 250 - word abstract to the following address before march 20 . kim sydow campbell ( kcampbel @ afit . af . mil ) 2710 beal road franklin , oh 45433
",0
1143,"Subject: call for papers ( rocling )
 
 content - length : 2656 call for papers = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = r . o . c . computational linguistics conference viii ( rocling viii ) august 17-19 , 1995 yuan - ze institue of technology chung - li , taiwan , r . o . c . sponsored by : - - - - - - - - - - - - - computational linguistics society of r . o . c . information technology research center , yuan - ze institute of technology scope : - - - - - - papers are invited on substantial , original , and unpublished research on all aspects of computational linguistics , including , but not limited to the following . - syntax / semantics - large text corpora - phonetics / phonology - electronic dictionaries - parsing / generation - document database - morphology - machine translation - discourse - natural language interface - text processing - dialogue systems - cognitive linguistics - electronic books - language understanding - sgml tools and applications - speech analysis / synthesis - hytime tools and applications - quantitative / qualitative linguistics - dsssl tools and applications - mathematical linguistics - oda tools and applications - contrastive linguistics paper submission : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - four copies of a preliminary version of a full paper ( maximum 25 letter-or a4 - sized pages , double spaced throughout ) in english or chinese should be sent to the following address . the first page of the submitted paper should bear the following information : the title of the paper , the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliations , ( email ) address for correspondence . all these items should be properly centered on top , with a short abstract of the paper following . hsin - hsi chen department of computer science and information engineering national taiwan university taipei , taiwan , r . o . c . email : hh _ chen @ csie . ntu . edu . tw fax : 886 - 2-3628167 important dates : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - preliminary paper submission due : june 15 , 1995 notification of acceptance : july 10 , 1995 camera - ready copy due : july 25 , 1995 conference chairman : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shy - ming ju ( yuan - ze institute of technology ) program committee : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - chair : hsin - hsi chen ( national taiwan university ) members : jyun - sheng chang ( national tsing hua university ) keh - jiann chen ( academia sinica ) tein - yaw chung ( yuan - ze institute of technology ) chu - ren huang ( academia sinica ) shuanfan huang ( national taiwan university ) hsi - jian lee ( national chiao - tung university ) keh - yih su ( national tsing hua university ) hsu wang ( national tsing hua university ) jhing - fa wang ( national cheng kung university ) local arrangement : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - kou - hua lai ( yuan - ze institute of technology )
",0
1144,"Subject: correction to call for abstracts
 
 the call for abstracts posted earlier gave the deadline for submissions as march , 1994 . please send them this year . the corrected call is as follows : call for abstracts american dialect society , midwest regional meeting submission deadline : march 27 , 1995 , for american dialect society session midwest modern language association november 2 - 4 , 1995 st . louis , mo marriott pavilion hotel abstracts and proposals on any topic welcome . if there is sufficient interest , we will have a session devoted to papers , presentations and discussion on topics related to midland dialect . send to beth lee simon , simon @ cvax . ipfw . indiana . edu cm 109 department of english and linguistics indiana university - purdue university at fort wayne fort wayne , in 46805 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
1145,"Subject: conf : alasa 95 - second and final call for papers
 
 content - length : 4000 8th international biennial conference of the african languages association of southern africa alasa 95 university of stellenbosch stellenbosch south africa 12 - 14 july 1995 second and final call for papers conference theme : contemporary issues in african linguistics and literature proposals are awaited for oral presentations ( 20 mins plus 10 mins discussion ) reflecting on * african linguistics ( all subdivisions , incl lang planning ) * african literature * language teaching in african languages requirements : an extended summary of the proposal of two ( 2 ) typed pages with enough detail for proper adjudication to be received before or on 5 april 1995 . only a limited number of slots are available on the programme ; selection of papers will be based solely on merit . keynote speakers : prof a kimenyi california state university prof a irele ohio state university dr rrk hartmann dictionary research centre , exeter , uk prof i okpewho binghamton university , ny optional pre-conference seminars : four optional two-day seminars of approximately 12 hours duration each will be held on monday 10 july and tuesday 11 july . the following seminars will be presented : seminar # 1 : topics in african literature seminar # 2 : issues in bantu tonology seminar # 3 : second - language learning and teaching seminar # 4 : compiling dictionaries enrolment procedure for pre-conference seminars and conference activities : enrolment must take place before or on 31 may 1995 . only enrolled ( paid-up ) participants will be allowed to register ( free ) upon arrival . all conference material will be supplied upon registration . enrolment fee : full conference participation ( excluding seminars ) : r200 participation in seminars ( only one allowed ) : r100 accomodation accomodation is available in student residences at r80 per night sharing ( r100 per night single ) inclusive bed and breakfast . accomodation is also available in hotels and guest houses . important dates : 5 april 1995 : proposals due 20 april 1995 : notification of papers accepted or rejected 13 may 1995 : camera-ready abstracts ( shortened versions ) of accepted papers due 31 may 1995 : final date for enrolment for detail information and enrolment forms contact the organizer : alasa 95 dept of african languages university of stellenbosch po box x5018 stellenbosch 7599 south africa tel : ( 0 ) 21-808 2106 fax : ( 0 ) 21-887 6763 e - mail : alasa95 @ maties . sun . ac . za prof justus c roux department of african languages departement afrikatale university of stellenbosch universiteit van stellenbosch stellenbosch 7599 stellenbosch 7599 south africa suid - afrika e - mail / e - pos : jcr @ maties . sun . ac . za tel : ( 021 ) 808 - 2017 fax / faks : ( 021 ) 808 - 4336
",0
1146,"Subject: conf
 
 the twelfth international conference on historical linguistics january 1995 second circular the abstract selection procedure is now complete . in order to maximise the number of papers , we have decided to run three parallel sessions and to have a poster display . a provisional programme will be issued in the next month together with a final conference booking form . in the meantime , the present circular contains : * an outline timetable of conference events * a list of plenary speakers and titles * preliminary details of the workshops * the social programme * accommodation details * conference costs * travel details conference timetable saturday 12 august rooms will be available in hulme hall . there will be no meal service on this day but there are many restaurants and pubs within 10 minutes walk . it may be possible to book rooms for an extra day or two before the conference - let us know when you book if you think you might need this facility . sunday 13 august registration and reception party a trip to dove cottage ( of wordsworth fame ) has been organised for those who arrive early - see social programme . monday 14 august - thursday 17 august ichl xii conference = 46riday 18 august workshops ( see below ) saturday 19 august trip to haddon hall and chatsworth sunday 20 august delegates may stay on until today if they so wish . again we shall need to know in advance and the booking form will contain a box to tick . plenary speakers barry blake verb affixes from case markers : some australian examples alice harris the mechanism of syntactic change susan herring from nominal to verbal predication in old dravidian : the discourse roots of category change paul kiparsky to be announced anthony kroch the time course of language change aditi lahiri non - linear phonology and the theory of sound change ian roberts markedness , creolization and language change elizabeth traugott the role of the development of discourse markers in a theory of grammaticalization theo vennemann * sprachb = fcnde and language families in prehistoric europe * theo vennemann 's lecture has been arranged in collaboration with the goethe institute of manchester . workshops it is planned to dedicate half a day to each workshop and all workshops will take place on friday , 18 august . more details will be provided with the provisional programme . in the meantime , contact the organizers . jadranka gvozdanovic change in numeral systems alice harris & lyle campbell cross - linguistic evidence for syntactic change : complex sentences ernst hakon jahr & laura wright the influence of the hansa and low german on european languages roger wright & henk aertsen ( to be confirmed ) the lexicon and semantic change social programme details of the social programme are attached . please notify us of your intention of going on any of the trips in good time . accommodation there are no hotels in the immediate vicinity but hulme hall offers the possibility of good on-site accommodation at the following rates : single student room ( with wash basin but without bathroom ) = a321 . 00 per night single student room ( with en-suite shower and toilet ) = a333 . 00 per night twin - bedded room ( with en-suite shower and toilet ) = a349 . 00 per night there are only 70 rooms with en suite shower / toilet available - they will be allocated on the principle of first come first served . all room rates include a full english breakfast and individual tea and coffee making facilities . all prices include vat and service . the following are a selection of manchester hotels that offer discounted rates if booked through the university . the rates are those currently offered . they are unlikely to vary much if at all between now and august , but please confirm the august rate at the time of making your booking . if you opt for hotel accommodation you will be responsible for settling your own account direct with the hotel in the usual way . accommodation in hulme hall is booked and paid for through the conference office . willow bank hotel - 340 wilmslow road , fallowfield , manchester m14 6af . tel . + 44-161 - 224-0461 . 10 minutes by bus ; 20 minutes on foot from hulme hall . mon - thur : single room = a340 . 50 , twin / double = a350 . 50 . fri - sun : single = a325 , twin / double = a333 ( all rooms with en suite facilities and english breakfast ) . dominion hotel - 48-50 whitworth street , manchester , m1 6jd . tel . + 44-161 - 953-1280 . in downtown manchester , about 15 minutes by bus and 30 mins on foot or a = a32 . 50 cab ride one way . single suite = a362 , double = a372 = , includes breakfast . manchester business school - booth street west , manchester , m15 6pb . tel . + 44-161 - 275-6303 . 10 minutes by bus , 20 minutes on foot . standard room = a335 = ; club room = a345 , includes breakfast . meals breakfast will either be in hulme hall or your hotel . lunch is included in the conference package on monday - friday 14-18 august . specialist needs such as vegetarian / vegan can be catered for - please indicate at the time of booking . participants will be free to make their own dinner arrangements . hulme hall is close to an exceptionally fine range of south asian restaurants ; two of the evening receptions are close to downtown manchester and chinatown , both of which offer excellent gastronomic options . a restaurant list will be included in the conference package . conference costs registration fee ( includes ishl subscription , conference programme and book of abstracts ) = a315 . 00 conference fee ( includes tea / coffee and lunch mon - fri and covers room hire and administration costs ) if paid by 1 june 1995 = a375 . 00 if paid after 1 june 1995 = a390 . 00 discounted rate for bona fide students = a345 . 00 if you cannot attend but wish to receive the programme and book of abstracts , you need only pay the registration fee . all those who attend the conference will pay the conference fee plus the registration fee . it is hoped that participants will be able to pay by credit card - details with booking forms . travel manchester can be easily reached via its international airport . many carriers fly direct from all continents and there are frequent shuttle services to major european hubs like heathrow and schiphol . a taxi from the airport to hulme hall costs about = a310 . there are also connecting bus and train services . there is a regular train service to manchester piccadilly from central london ( euston ) . the trip takes about two and a half hours . there are also trains to all other parts of the uk . a taxi from the station to hulme hall costs about = a33 . hulme hall the conference will be held in hulme hall , oxford place , victoria park , manchester m14 5rr . tel . + 44-161 - 224-2862 fax . + 44-161 - 257-3059 . hulme hall offers parking for up to 80 cars ( no extra charge ) and on site squash and tennis courts and a multi-gym ( again no charge ) . childcare if think you will need childcare for ( parts of ) the conference , please let us know as soon as possible and we will try to make arrangements . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ichl1995 department of linguistics university of manchester oxford road manchester m13 9pl uk tel + + 44 + ( 0 ) 161-275 3187 / 3042 fax + + 44 + ( 0 ) 161-275 3187 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
1147,"Subject: international sign linguistics association
 
 content - length : 5868 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - international sign linguistics association ( isla ) - - - - - membership and subscription * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the international sign linguistics association was founded in 1986 . the aim of the organisation is to encourage and facilitate sign language research throughout the world and to develop international co-operation in the field of sign language studies . linguistic analysis of human sign languages began in earnest in the late 1950s and 1960s . since then it has developed considerably to the extent that original research is now being carried out in a wide range of countries . sign language research has a lot to tell us about the nature of human languages : it may well provide crucial insights into the nature and type of language universals , the processes of language acquisition , the influence of medium on structure and many other topics . sign linguistics is also directly relevant to those within "" mainstream "" linguistics . those involved in the field of sign linguistics research have benefited considerably through the mutual support and interest of colleagues elsewhere . isla encourages the sharing of ideas , information and research findings . the international sign linguistics association invites you to become a new member in 1995 . to ensure that you receive all of isla 's publications and correspondence on time this year , please act now and send your subscription request to the address at the end of this announcement . to help us in processing your payment , please be sure to return the form at the end of this message with your remittance . in 1995 , your isla membership will bring you : * a subscription to signpost , the friendly face of sign linguistics , isla 's provocative and stimulating quarterly periodical delivered direct to your door . * a subscription to the international review of sign linguistics , bursting with theory , analysis and insight , the year 's essential reading at the cutting edge of the discipline , published by lawrence erlbaum associates . * reduced prices on isla publications including conference and workshop proceedings to keep you up to date with all that 's new in the field . * the right to propose papers for presentation at isla congresses and symposia . * plus all the benefits of the latest information and contacts from the isla network of researchers , teachers and policymakers . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * membership and subscription form please tick as appropriate , and write in capitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( ) individual membership : europe 40 pounds non - europe 45 pounds ( ) institutional membership : 70 pounds ( ) full - time student membership * : 25 pounds ( ) i also wish to make a contribution of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pounds towards scholars applying for "" special case "" reduced rates . 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",0
1148,"Subject: chechen
 
 who are the chechen ? johanna nichols university of california , berkeley author 's note : i have been doing linguistic field work on chechen and its close relative ingush for many years . though i am not an ethnographer or historian , i have tried to bring together here some general information about the chechen people and their language in order to increase public awareness of the people and their situation , and to put a human face on a people of great dignity , refinement , and courage who have paid heavily for their resistance to conquest and assimilation . this paper may be copied freely . if you disseminate it electronically or print it out yourself ( which you are welcome to do ) , reformatting ( font , spacing , etc . ) is ok but please do not edit it . johanna @ uclink . berkeley . edu fax : 510 642-6220 phone ( 510 ) 642-2979 introduction . the chechens and their western neighbors the ingush are distinct ethnic groups with distinct languages , but so closely related and so similar that it is convenient to describe them together . the term "" chechen "" is a russian ethnonym taken from the name of a lowlands chechen village ; "" chechnya "" is derived from that . ( both words are accented on the last syllable in russian . ) this term evidently entered russian from a turkic language , probably kumyk ( spoken in the northern and eastern caucasian plain ) . the chechens call themselves nokhchi ( singular nokhchuo ) . similarly , "" ingush "" is not the self-designation but a russian ethnonym based on a village name ; the ingush call themselves ghalghay . demography . 1989 census figures : 956 , 879 chechen ; 237 , 438 ingush . the chechens are the largest north caucasian group and the second largest caucasian group ( after the georgians ) . location , settlement . the chechen and ingush lands lie just to the east of the principal road crossing the central caucasus ( via the darial pass ) , extending from the foothills and plains into alpine highlands . the lowlands enjoy fertile soil , ample rainfall , a long growing season , and a small oilfield . neighbors to the east are the various peoples of daghestan ( many of them speaking languages related to chechen ) ; in the plains to the north , the turkic - speaking kumyk and ( as of the last three centuries ) russians ; to the west the ingush and to their west the ossetians , who speak a language of the iranian branch of indo - european ; to the south ( across the central caucasus range ) the southern ossetians and the georgians . there are two true cities in chechen and ingush territory : grozny ( pop . about 400 , 000 until 1995 ) , the modern chechen capital founded as a russian fort during the russian conquest of the caucasus ; and vladikavkaz ( pop . about 300 , 000 ; known as ordzhonikidze in soviet times ) in the ingush highlands at the ingush - ossetic territorial boundary , also originally a russian military fort and founded to control the darial pass . nazran in the ingush lowlands was traditionally and is now a large and important market town . the cities had substantial russian and other non - chechen - ingush population ; vladikavkaz was mixed ingush and ossetic with significant numbers of russians and georgians . ( groznyj has now been destroyed and mostly depopulated by russian bombing . vladikavkaz and the adjacent ingush lands were ethnically cleansed of ingush in late 1992 . ) all russian governments - - czars , soviets , post - soviet russia - - have used various means to remove chechen and ingush population from economically important areas and to encourage settlement there by russians and russian cossacks ; hence the mixed population of the cities and lowlands . language . the caucasus has been famed since antiquity for the sheer number and diversity of its languages and for the exotic grammatical structures of the language families indigenous there . this diversity testifies to millennia of generally peaceable relations among autonomous ethnic groups . chechen and ingush , together with batsbi or tsova - tush ( a moribund minority language of georgia ) make up the nakh branch of the nakh - daghestanian , or northeast caucasian , language family . there are over 30 languages in the northeast caucasian family , most of them spoken in daghestan just to the east of chechnya . the split of the nakh branch from the rest of the family took place about 5000-6000 years ago ( thus the nakh - daghestanian family is comparable in age to indo - european , the language family ancestral to english , french , russian , greek , hindi , etc . ) , though the split of chechen from ingush probably dates back only to the middle ages . the entire family is indigenous to the caucasus mountains and has no demonstrable relations to any language group either in or out of the caucasus . like most indigenous caucasian languages chechen has a wealth of consonants , including uvular and pharyngeal sounds like those of arabic and glottalized or ejective consonants like those of many native american languages ; and a large vowel system somewhat resembling that of swedish or german . like its sister languages chechen has extensive inflectional morphology including a dozen nominal cases and several gender classes , and forms long and complex sentences by chaining participial clauses together . the case system is ergative , i . e . the subject of a transitive verb appears in an oblique case and the direct object is in the nominative , as is the subject of an intransitive verb ( as in basque ) ; verbs take no person agreement , but some of them agree in gender with the direct object or intransitive subject . 97 % or more of the chechens claim chechen as their first language , though most also speak russian , generally quite fluently . chechen and ingush are so close to each other that with some practice a speaker of one has fair comprehension of the other , and where the two languages are in contact they are used together : a chechen addresses an ingush in chechen , the ingush replies in ingush , and communication proceeds more or less smoothly . chechen was not traditionally a written language . an orthography using the russian alphabet was created in the 1930 's and is used for various kinds of publication , although for most chechens the chief vehicle of literacy is russian . traditionally , as in most north caucasian societies , many individuals were bilingual or multilingual , using an important lowlands language ( e . g . kumyk , spoken in market towns and prestigious as its speakers were early converts to islam ) for inter-ethnic communication ; any literacy was in arabic . russian has now displaced both kumyk and arabic in these functions . particularly if the chechen and ingush economies continue to be destroyed and unemployment and mass homelessness continue to undermine the social structure , there is danger that chechen and ingush will be functionally reduced to household languages and will then yield completely to russian , with concomitant loss of much of the cultural heritage . history . the chechens have evidently been in or near their present territory for some 6000 years and perhaps much longer ; there is fairly seamless archeological continuity for the last 8000 years or more in central daghestan , suggesting that the nakh - daghestanian language family is long indigenous . the caucasian highlands were apparently relatively populous and prosperous in ancient times . from the late middle ages until the 19th century , a worldwide cooling phase known as the little ice age caused glacial advances and shortened growing seasons in the alpine highlands , weakening the highland economies and triggering migrations to the lowlands and abandonment of some alpine villages . this period of economic hardship coincided with the russian conquest of the caucasus which lasted from the late 1500 's to the mid - 1800 's . in all of recorded history and inferable prehistory the chechens ( and for that matter the ingush ) have never undertaken battle except in defense . the russian conquest of the caucasus was difficult and bloody , and the chechens and ingush with their extensive lowlands territory and access to the central pass were prime targets and were among the most tenacious defenders . russia destroyed lowlands villages and deported , exiled , or slaughtered civilian population , forcing capitulation of the highlands . numerous refugees migrated or were deported to various muslim countries of the middle east , and to this day there are chechen populations in jordan and turkey . since then there have been various chechen rebellions against russian and soviet power , as well as resistance to collectivization , anti-religious campaigns , and russification . in 1944 the chechens and ingush , together with the karachay - balkar , crimean tatars , and other nationalities were deported en masse to kazakhstan and siberia , losing at least one-quarter and perhaps half of their population in transit . though "" rehabilitated "" in 1956 and allowed to return in 1957 , they lost land , economic resources , and civil rights ; since then , under both soviet and post - soviet governments , they have been the objects of ( official and unofficial ) discrimination and discriminatory public discourse . in recent years , russian media have depicted the chechen nation and / or nationality as thugs and bandits responsible for organized crime and street violence in russia . in late 1992 russian tanks and troops , sent to the north caucasus ostensibly as peacekeepers in an ethnic dispute between ingush and ossetians over traditional ingush lands politically incorporated into north ossetia after the 1944 deportation , forcibly removed the ingush population from north ossetia and destroyed the ingush villages there ; there were many deaths and there are now said to be up to 60 , 000 refugees in ingushetia ( about one-quarter of the total ingush population ) . in developments reminiscent of today 's invasion of chechnya , in the weeks leading up to the action the ingush were depicted ( inaccurately ) in regional media as heavily armed and poised for a large-scale and organized attack on ossetians , and the russian military once deployed appears to have undertaken ethnic cleansing at least partly on its own initiative . ( my only sources of information for this paragraph are russian and western news reports . helsinki watch is preparing a report for publication in early 1995 . ) the invasion of chechnya presently underway has meant great human suffering for all residents of the chechen lowlands , including russians , but only the chechens are at risk of ethnic cleansing , wholesale economic ruin , and loss of linguistic and cultural heritage . religion . the chechens and ingush are sunni muslims of the hanafi school , having converted in the late 17th to early 19th centuries . islam is now , as it has been since the conversion , moderate but strongly held and a central component of the culture and the ethnic identity . economy , customs . traditionally , the lowlands chechen were grain farmers and the highlanders raised sheep . at the time of russian contact the lowlands were wealthy and produced a grain surplus , while the highlands were not self-sufficient in food and traded wool and eggs for lowlands grain . chechen social structure and ethnic identity rest on principles of family and clan honor , respect for and deference to one 's elders , hospitality , formal and dignified relations between families and clans , and courteous and formal public and private behavior . kinship and clan structure are patriarchal , but women have full social and professional equality and prospects for financial independence equivalent to those of men . academics , writers , artists , and intellectuals in general are well versed in the cultures of both the european and the islamic worlds , and the society as a whole can be said to regard both of these heritages as their own together with the indigenous north caucasian artistic and intellectual tradition . social organization . until the russian conquest the chechens were an independent nation with their own language and territory but no formal political organization . villages were autonomous , as were clans . villages had mutual defense obligations in times of war , and clans had mutual support relations that linked them into larger clan confederations ( which generally coincided with dialects ) . each clan was headed by a respected elder . there were no social classes and no differences of rank apart from those of age , kinship , and earned social honor . select bibliography anonymous . 1992 . ethnic cleansing comes to russia . the economist , november 28 , 1992 , p . 60 . blanch , lesley . 1960 . the sabres of paradise . new york : viking . comrie , bernard . 1981 . the languages of the soviet union . cambridge : cambridge university press . conquest , robert . 1970 . the nation killers : the soviet deportation of nationalities . london : macmillan . critchlow , james . 1991 . "" punished peoples "" of the soviet union : the continuing legacy of stalin 's deportations . helsinki watch report . new york - washington : human rights watch . friedrich , paul , and norma diamond , eds . 1994 . encyclopedia of world cultures , vol . vi : russia and eurasia / china . boston : g . k . hall & co . gamkrelidze , t . v . , and t . e . gudava . [ various dates . ] caucasian languages . encyclopedia britannica ( e . g . in 1979 edition , macropedia , vol . 3 , pp . 1011-15 ; in 1992 edition , vol . 22 , pp . 736-40 , under ' languages of the world ' ) . nekrich , aleksandr m . 1978 . the punished peoples . new york : norton . nichols , johanna . 1994 . chechen . ingush . in rieks smeets , ed . , the indigenous languages of the caucasus , vol . 4 : northeast caucasian languages , pp . 1-77 ( chechen ) , 79-145 ( ingush ) . delmar , ny : caravan books . wixman , ronald . 1980 . language aspects of ethnic pattern and processes in the north caucasus . ( university of chicago department of geography research paper no . 191 . ) chicago : university of chicago press .
",0
1149,"Subject: foreign language in commercials
 
 content - length : 1937 greetings ! i ' m wondering if someone out there can identify the languages used in two recent ibm commercials . they have out a series of three ads with people in different countries talking about ibm equipment and services . one ad has two old gentlemen walking along what looks like the seine , speaking french . a second ad has two men sitting in what is apparently a middle eastern marketplace , and a third ad has nuns discussing ibm equipment on their way to mass . i assume the men are speaking arabic ( though i would be grateful to have that confirmed ) , but i have no idea what the nuns are speaking . anyone know ? i would also like to take this opportunity to thank all those who responded to my questions early last year about some french , italian and swedish expressions in some print ads . i meant to send individual thanks , but i lost the file in which i had the respondents ! please forgive me , and accept this general acknowledgment instead . if any of you who did respond would like to know more about what we did with your input , i would be glad to send you more information ( even the paper we wrote , if you want ) . thanks very much , mary ellen renryder @ idbsu . idbsu . edu
",0
1150,"Subject: lists on comparative literature
 
 content - length : 616 i . m new at this list . i work at the university of coimbra and my special field is german linguistics . a friend of mine would like to know if there are any lists dealing with comparative literature . if you know something about this , please reply . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * adelaide chichorro ferreira * * grupo de estudos germanisticos * * faculdade de letras * * universidade de coimbra * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
1151,"Subject: stress bibliography
 
 content - length : 1407 we are preparing a bibliography on word-level stress / accent . we are looking for ways and sources to update and correct our current file , which contains 1000 + entries . does anybody know of electronic bibliographies that are available in this field or would anyone share their own bibliographies with us ? we are currently tagging the entries for subject and language , to make searches possible . suggestions as to strategies of tagging would also be welcome . we intend to make the bibliography generally available , and will post an announcement when applicable . jeroen van de weijer and harry van der hulst please respond to vdweijer @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl
",0
1152,"Subject: sum : object affixes
 
 dear linguists the time has come for me to post a summary based on replies to a query i posted a few weeks ago . this summary is rather long , and has the following structure : 1 ) the original query 2 ) acknowledgement of respondents 3 ) discussion of a few languages 4 ) general discussion 5 ) refs 6 ) outline of relevant details of roviana 7 ) summary 1 ) the query ) i am studying roviana , a western oceanic lg . there are pronominal object ) suffixes which occur on the verb indexing person , number etc . however , ) there are no affixes on the verb which would correspond to 's ubject ' ) ( however we might construe the concept ) . dixon ( 1994 ) claims that there ) are no lgs with object affixes but which lack subject affixes . does ) anybody else know of any other counter-examples ? 2 ) acknowledgements . my thanks to the following people ( listed in no particular order ) for their responses ( and my apologies if i have left anyone out ) : matthew dryer , karen wallace , mark campana , eloise jelinek , leo connolly , geoffrey nathan , johannes heinecke , malcolm ross , mark mandel , jaejung song . first , a point of clarification . by western oceanic i mean a branch of eastern austronesian . some of the replies seemed to indicate that people interpreted it to mean western austronesian . ( not that it is really important ) . some people replied with examples of languages with object affixes , whether or not the languages in question also had affixes indicating other grammatical relations . matthew dryer replied with the following list of languages which have object affixes but no subject affixes ( taken from an a database mentioned by him in language 1992 ) : africa : central khoisan ( nama ) , ijoid ( kolokuma ijo ) , gur ( bimoba ) , east chadic ( kera ) , biu-mandara ( margi , mbara ) , west chadic ( ngizim ) . eurasia : nax ( ingush ) , avaro-andi - dido ( avar ) , lezgic ( archi ) , munda ( mundari ) . se asia oceania : nicobarese ( car nicobarese ) , central-eastern malayo-polynesian ( kiribatese , ponapean , woleaian ) . north america : pimic ( papago ) . south america : warao , maipurean ( palikur ) . i have not been able to follow up on all of these refs . i have however , looked at the micronesian languages . 3 ) discussion of a few languages sohn ( 1975 ) re woleaian : object suffixes , but no affixes corresponding to any other grammatical relation . 3sg has three forms : zero and - y / - w . it seems that verbs fall in to two classes , with zero being added to verbs in one class ( many of whose members appear to have a tr suffix ) and - y / - w to members of the other class ( the choice in forms being phonologically conditioned ) . interestingly , 3pl distinguishes animate vs inanimate , whereas all other persons and numbers do not . these affixes can occur with or without an overt independent object np . these affixes occur on certain post-verbal advbs , suggesting that they might in fact be clitics . zewen ( 1977 ) re marshallese . pronominal objects immediately follow the verb . 3sg and 3pl are enclitics and undergo vowel harmony . these enclitics can co-occur with lexical np object . ' subject ' prons are all independent . groves , groves and jacobs ( 1985 ) re kiribatese . it seems from their description that the language has object suffixes but no other affixes indicating grammatical relations . however , there are things which could perhaps be analyzed as subject prefixes ( p1 08 ) . exactly which object suffixes get attached ( out of 11 classes ) seems to be lexically determined . 4 ) general discussion it would appear that there are no cross-linguistic studies of object affixes per se . some respondents questioned whether the object suffixes in roviana are really suffixes and not just clitics . they are suffixes , but even if they were n't the focus of my interest would be the same . i am focussing on two facts about roviana : ( a ) the case marking on np 's is on an ergative-absolutive basis , but the only grammatical relation indicated by verbal affixes is object . ( b ) of the object affixes , only 3pl has zero form . being functionally inclined , i am interested in finding a motivation for ( b ) . it is not simply a case of referentiality ( see the brief sketch below ) . 5 ) refs ( with diacritics mangled by the internet ) corston , simon h . 1993 . ergativity in roviana . ma thesis : auckland university , new zealand . ( to appear in the pacific linguistics series ) . groves , terab ' ata r , groves , gordon w . and jacobs , roderick . 1985 . kiribatese : an outline description . pacific linguistics , series d , no . 64 . anu printing service : anu . sohn , ho - min with the assistance of tawerilmang , anthony f . 1975 . woleian reference grammar . pacific and asian languages institute : micronesia . honoloulu : university press of hawaii . zewen , francois - xavier n . 1977 . the marshallese language : a study of its phonology , morphology and syntax . veroffentlichungen des seminars fur indonesische und sudseesprachen der universitat hamburg , band 10 . berlin : verlag . 6 ) outline of relevant details of roviana the following is a brief description of roviana based on my own field work ( corston 1993 ) . case marking on np 's is split ergative , in a typologically unusual way : absolutive is marked ( si / se ) , ergative is unmarked . pronouns , proper np 's and enumerated np 's in main clauses distinguish erg vs abs by means of special particles . all other np 's are neutral ( ie do not formally distinguish a / s / o ) . as well as using special particles , prons distinguish erg vs abs in the form of the pron . a , s and o are always specific . person object suffix 1sg - u , - au 2sg - xo 3sg - a 1pl . incl - xita 1pl . excl - xami 2pl - xamu 3pl - 0 ( zero ) these affixes are similar to or the same as various indep pronouns , e . g . compare rau 1sg xoi 2sg xita 1pl . incl xami 1pl . excl xamu 2pl but , asa 3sg abs or sa 3sg erg sarini 3pl abs or ri 3pl erg ( there is quite a story to sarini historically , see the ma ) if there is a do np , you get the affixes e . g . meke doxor-i - a ri si keke ixana and see - tr-3sg . do they abs one fish ( erg ) ' and they saw a fish . ' ( animals , 034 ) ( the paper i am writing now clarifies why i only put erg in parentheses - it is really unmarked , and you have to infer in this context that the pron = erg because there is no particle ) kote arina tie mae magu-i - 0 sarini fut pl man come carve - tr-3pl . do 3pl . abs ' the men will come and carve them up . ' ( feast , 016 ) ( them = pigs in a feast ) nb , here the do is the pron sarini . however , you can get the affixes even if there is no overt do np , suggesting that they have independent reference , e . g . ai lul-i - u mo intj follow - tr-1sg . do dt ' hey ! follow me . ' ( animals , 011 ) and the following longer example . e saimone sa tie he-hegere hoirana . pers simon def man dup - laugh there ' that 's simon , the man who 's laughing over there . ' avos-i - a xoi ? hear - tr-3sg . do you ( erg ) ' do you hear him ? ' ( day , 029-030 ) note that the suffixes do not ' index ' absolutive etc , only o . ( see ma ) roviana has case marked and quantified np 's . case ( erg , abs , obl , etc ) is indicated by articles before the np . quantifiers ( numbers , 's ome ' , ' all ' etc ) precede the head n . non - specific undergoers obligatorily occur in a backgrounded object construction . compare the following two examples . raro talo si gami cook taro abs 1pl . excl ' we cooked taro ' / ' we did some taro cooking ' it is difficult to say if ' talo ' is ' incorporated ' since there are no other indep elements assoc with the verb which ever come after . note that the backgrounded constr is intr , with no transitive marking , and with the actor as s . compare to the ' usual ' order vao raro-a gami sa talo cook - 3sg . do 1pl . excl def taro ' we cooked the taro . ' undergoers which are pragmatically backgrounded can also occur in the backgrounded object construction , irrespective of whether they are referential or not . 7 ) summary * languages with object affixes but which lack affixes indicating other grammatical relations do occur , but would appear to be uncommon . * i feel that having 3pl as the only zero form is unusual , but am unable to find a cross-linguistic study to bear this out . even so , the zero form requires a functional explanation ( cf du bois , john w . 1987 ' absolutive zero : paradigm adaptivity in sacapultec maya ' , lingua 71 : 203-222 ) . again , my thanks to those who replied . ps i should have a draft of my paper ' featuredness and core arguments in roviana ' available shortly . simon corston corston @ humanitas . ucsb . edu
",0
1153,"Subject: summary of q : articles
 
 two weeks ago i posted the following query : ) a system of articles is an innovative feature of a number of languages . are ) there any examples of languages that have lost their articles ? i would also ) be interested in creoles , especially , say , if both ( all ) source languages ) had articles , but the pidgin / creole turned out lacking them . thanks to the following for responding : lars borin david gohre john e . koontz jeff marck deborah d . kela ruuskanen achim stenzel shigenori wakabayashi dave wharton of the 8 replies , only one was an actual response to my query . lars borin ( lars . borin @ ling . uu . se ) pointed out that ) finnish romani is a language which has lost its articles completely . the ) loss is almost certainly due to finnish influence , as are many other ) traits of modern finnish romani morphology and syntax . moreover , as ( colloquial ) finnish may seem to developing an article system using the demonstrative * se * ' that ' ( def . ) and the numeral * yksi * ' one ' ( indef . ) , it is interesting to note that lars has ) noticed in finnish romani texts that there are forms of the demonstrative ) pronouns 'd auva ' ( this ) and 'd ouva ' ( that ) , which are ) ( a ) reduced phonologically and indeclinable ( reduced versions of the ) nominative plural ) ; the forms are : 'd ala ' and 'd ola ' ( while the ) nominative plurals of 'd auva / douva ' are written 'd aala / doola ' ) ) ( b ) used much as spoken finnish 's e ' , i . e . perhaps representing the first ) ( or maybe second [ . . . ] ) stage in a development from demonstrative to ) preposed definite article . importantly , the definite articles used to be ' o ' ( sg masculine ) , ' i ' ( sg feminine ) , and ' e ' ( plural , both genders ) , hence nothing like the demonstrative pronouns . now , let me elaborate somewhat on my reason for inquiring into this matter . disregarding massive language contact ( i . e . "" hey , this is the way we say things around here , and you 'd better start doing so too ! "" ) and / or creolization ( i . e . "" ok guys , let 's start all over again . we ' ll begin with lexical categories , then . . . "" ) : if it were the case that there is a universal tendency that languages acquire articles , but do not loose them , then why should this be so ? if we take a configurational approach to noun phrase interpretation , we could say that articles , and hence their semantics , are associated with a noun phrase internal functional projection in much the same way as some linguists would assume an association between tense ( and other verbal inflections ) and a clausal functional projection . ( in essence , i ' m talking about some kind of a dp - analysis . ) since possible noun phrase interpretations differ minimally across languages ( i guess ) , we would then assume that in languages without articles , the functional projection associated with the semantic properties in question would have phonetically empty heads . the possible tendency of acquiring articles could then be explained as a strive to fill this / these head / s with overt elements . unfortunately , i cannot say that i so far have any reason to be convinced about this line of reasoning , but i can't see any obvious reason to give it up either . however , i am ready to be butchered . i should probably read the following references provided by john e . koontz ( koontz @ alpha . bldr . nist . gov ) ) greenberg , joseph h . 1978 . how does a language acquire gender markers ? pp . ) 47-82 . in : universals of human language , vol . 4 , ed . jos . h . greenberg , ) et al . stanford , ca : stanford university press . ) discusses evolution of gender marking from articles and articles from ) demonstratives . see also : ) greenberg , joseph h . 1981 . nilo - saharan moveable-k as a stage iii article ) ( with a penutian typological parallel ) . journal of african languages and ) linguistics 3 : 105-112 . those interested in definiteness , especially with respect to english and finnish , should consult the following work provided by deborah d . kela ruuskanen ( druuskan @ cc . helsinki . fi ) . ) chesterman , a . ( 1991 ) on definiteness : a study with special reference to ) english and finnish . cambridge studies in linguistics 56 , cambridge ) university press . it 's worth reading - i ' ve done it . 0ystein alexander vangsnes university of iceland - university of bergen oystein @ rhi . hi . is vangsnes @ foli . uib . no
",0
1154,"Subject: sum : risk
 
 content - length : 15606 i was surprised to receive so many replies on my comments about "" risk "" . so far they include : alison huettner bart mathias john r . lee scott delancey deborah milam berkley tim beasley eric pederson claudia brugman martha o'kennon andrew carstairs - mccarthy sandi michele de oliveira ( trying to get sick = about to get sick ) debra r west balsa stipcevic i decided to post a summary for several reasons : 1 ) my comments made some respondents sufficiently insecure to wonder what other respondents thought . 2 ) i did n't want anyone to get the idea that my comments might represent an authoritative or majority opinion . 3 ) although i usually try to respond individually to everyone , i get tired thinking of different ways to say the same thing . overwhelmingly , but not unanimously , the respondents disagreed with me . alison huettner represents the majority response : "" funny , i have the opposite take on "" risk "" - - to me "" he risked losing the game "" sounds fine and "" he risked winning the game "" takes a little more processing . "" unusual was agreement , such as represented by tim beasley "" both sound good to me . the first paraphrases "" he ran / stood the risk of losing the game "" , "" he placed himself in risk of losing the game . "" the second , "" he placed in jeopardy . at risk . his winning of the game . "" as implied above , both sides of the atlantic want to disown me , e . g . , from bart mathias of california : "" no thoughts , but i thought i 'd report that i expected to see a . uk or . au or something in your address when i checked it after reading your message . i for one ( born and raised in california ) find "" risk winning , "" at least at the moment , causes a double-take reaction . to me it is equivalent to "" be in / put oneself in danger of . "" however , from john r . lee at an edinburgh address : "" this is interesting . i was very surprised to see "" he risked winning the game "" ! perhaps as a british english speaker ( ? ) , to risk losing the game seems a much more natural concept . "" larger context makes me think john considers himself , not me , to be the british speaker . in any case , andrew carstairs - mccarthy of new zealand made a similar comment . back on the american side , scott delancey agrees with the majority and adds some interesting grammatical comments : "" this seems * really * strange to me . my reactions are exactly the opposite of yours . a clausal complement of _ risk _ is * always * a negative and undesirable result . i can't even interpret _ he risked winning the game _ , except in some strained context in which winning would n't be a good thing . "" _ risk _ can have a positive np complement - - _ he risked his fortune _ is perfectly ok - - but not a clausal one , i . e . this could be expanded to _ he risked losing his fortune _ , but ? ? _ he risked winning a fortune _ is impossible for me . "" eric pederson and claudia brugman informed me that chuck fillmore has written a paper on "" risk "" . claudia writes : "" [ by ] sue atkins and charles fillmore which i do n't know whether they ' ve published ( or indeed finished ) yet , but they talk about these two meanings of the word in terms of the selection as complements of different aspects of the conceptual / semantic frame : one is where the desired outcome is selected , the other is where the "" collateral "" is selected . "" i have n't seen the paper yet , but it was comforting to the extent that it seems to take cognizance of my impression . however , i suspect that the "" collateral "" means a simple np expressing the desirable object , as scott allows , and not a clausal complement . thus some replies suggested that "" he risked his life "" would have to be expanded into "" he risked * losing * his life "" . i have to admit that that sounds better to me than "" he risked * keeping * ( ? ) his life "" . nevertheless , my theory is that in my rush to learn english i made the following logical leap . "" to risk your life "" is to risk something good , so you should risk "" winning t he game "" , not "" losing the game "" . risking fines , death , imprisonment and cancer were later experiences for me . i ' m quite sure "" risking life "" was the first ex pression i heard . by the way , i ' m not at all sure that i differ from others on our favorite gallicism of "" running the risk of / that [ something bad happening / will happen . "" , so that 's a different expression . i kinda doubt that genuine dialect differences are respo nsible for differences in "" risk "" - - only idiosyncratic differences in generalisations , some of which survive contradictory data learned later - - an interesting point that has been made before in language acquisition theory . among the interesting comments i received which suggest to me that relatively discrete semantic splits may result from such processes , and even become genuine dialect features is sandi michele de oliveira 's observation that in south texas the expression "" trying to get sick "" can be used for "" about to get sick "" . i wonder if "" trying to rain "" could mean "" threatening to rain "" in such dialects . of possibly different origin is the ambivalent serbo - croatian verb "" sumnjati "" ( = "" to doubt "" or "" to suspect "" ) . balsa stipcevic indicated that : "" sumnjam da je on to uradio . "" can have two meanings : 1 ) "" i suspect that he did it . "" 2 ) "" i doubt that he did it . "" here i suppose that the verb might have started off neutral to the belief status of its sentential complement , but it remains interesting that there is such a glaring pragmatic ambiguity in what a speaker might be implying . maybe english "" wonder "" is similar . "" i wonder if he did it "" . if he says he did , then the sentence would seem to suggest that i doubt it , but if he says he did n't , it would seem to mean that i doubt that . i ' m not gonna torture myself trying to figure out whether the same context - ualisation differences work for "" i wonder if he didn ' t do it "" , but maybe someone / body else wants to give it a shot . i wrote back to balsa that i hoped his comment on this verb is more generally agreed upon by serbo - croatian speakers than my comment on "" risk "" . - - benji
",0
1155,"Subject: re : 6 . 185 ipa
 
 re hachek : the introduction of diacritics into czech has traditionally been attributed to jan hus , the 15th century religious reformer and martyr ( died in 1415 ) . before hus , the respective czech sounds were spelled as digraphs . alexandr rosen , charles university , prague
",0
1156,"Subject: ipa vs americanist symbols
 
 i am at last drawn to reply to the debate on ipa versus ' americanist ' traditions in phonetic transcription . i was , frankly , somewhat surprised by the tone of the original submission , suggesting that the ipa 's refusal to use hachek / wedge symbols for palatoalveolars was an example of racism ( both anti - americanism and anti-slavicism , and no doubt anti - diacriticism ) . now we learn that the ipa itself is an anti-democratic conspiracy , and we need a new campaign led by american organisations to make phonetic transcription 's afe for democracy , apple pie , and the american way ' ! ? a couple of points need to made in this regard , i think . first , it is not true that the ipa is not used in north america . what we have here is maybe not euro - centrism , but phonology / dialectology centrism ! clinical phoneticians and speech pathologists in north american nearly always use the ipa ( yes : long esses / zees , jods , and the cardinal vowel system , and all ! ) indeed , some departments of linguistics / phonetics operate within the ipa tradition ( e . g . university of victoria bc ) . on the other hand , virtually all phonologists on this side of the atlantic use the so-called americanist symbols . the divide , therefore , is not as has been portrayed . if phonologists tend to use one set of symbols , and phoneticians another , is that really such a problem , as often they are concerned with different levels of description anyway ? even if phoneticians cannot agree , is this also such a problem ? can raising the fears of racial discrimination and undemocratic conspiracies really be justified over relatively trivial distinctions in symbols that anyone trained in the area knows about anyway ? the second point concerns the debate on the symbols themselves . as i have just noted , the difference between certain symbols is surely not a fundamentally important one ; but i would like to speak in defence of the ipa non-hachek versions . leaving aside the fact that these symbols do have a long history , i ( do ) feel that a unit symbol is preferably than a composite one . ( unlike the original posting , it always seemed obvious to me that the hachek symbols were s / z etc plus a diacritic ) . granted that the ipa is not always consistent on this point , a unitary symbol approach avoids confusions as to the nature of the s - s distinction . one may have to counter students ' feelings that [ s ] is really only a type of [ s ] which is reinforced by the spelling ; it does n't help if the symbol looks also like a 's ort of s ' . we might also look at the difference with [ j ] versus [ y ] for the palatal approximant . on the surface , this looks fine , as the [ y ] spelling is familiar ( but surely anglocentric , and not in line with slavic / germanic etc usage ? ) . however , this choice then leaves us with a problem for a high front rounded vowel . if we can't use [ y ] then we must resort to [ u "" ] . the diacritic [ "" ] , however , is also commonly used in many traditions to stand for centralized . this transcription also suggests that [ u "" ] is a variety of [ u ] , and that [ o "" ] is a variety of [ o ] etc . the use of independent symbols leaves open the relationship between lip-rounding and tongue position , which the 'd iaresis ' versions do not . however phonetic transcription develops in the future , let 's avoid throwing around accusations at other users or bodies . utopian schemes of universal orthodoxy in this area are surely unneccessary if not unsound . to be realistic , most ipa users ( wherever they ' re based ) are unlikely to surrender over a century 's worth of patterns of usage , and non - ipa users will be equally keen to keep to their symbolizations . let 's learn to live with this , and spend instead time on refining transcription systems ( e . g . for the transcription of atypical speech found in speech pathology clinics ) . perhaps , vive la difference is the motto to aspire to ! martin j . ball university of ulster
",0
1157,"Subject: re : 6 . 199 ipa
 
 it would be nice to have true democracy when trying to reach agreement on how to use phonetic symbols , as stemburger has suggested . just as war is too important a matter to be left to the generals , so choosing a standardized set of symbols should n't be left to the phoneticians . the international phonetic association has always recognized this . it is fully conscious of the fact that ipa symbols are used by a wide variety of people . at the 1989 kiel convention , which was the first major revision for almost 50 years , there was a great deal of discussion about remembering our ' customers ' , as one phonetician put it . and ( despite comments to the contrary by participants in this discussion ) the only changes since then have been small changes that affect comparatively few users of the alphabet , largely because of the belief that it is important for the alphabet to remain as stable as possible . if stemburger would like to organize some kind of referendum , good luck to him . i note that he suggests the lsa as the appropriate body for the u . s . , although he also mentions ashla ( american speech hearing and language association ) as an interested group that has officially adopted the ipa . their membership is much larger than the lsa . the asa ( acoustical society of america ) is another group that has many members interested in phonetic symbols . the1989 ipa kiel convention was open to all , and did include members of all the organizations mentioned by stemburger , including lsa , ashla , asa , sil and others , none of the participants , of course , speaking officially for any of these organizations . the convention was also publicized in a paper in language , the only paper that morris halle and i have ever co-authored . i really do not see how we can get more international collaboration . agreeing on symbols is as difficult as getting everyone to use the same units for measuring weights and distances . in response to my previous suggestion that people interested in choices of phonetic symbols should join the international phonetic association , i have received inquiries as to how to do this . there is a form in the journal of the international phonetic association ( which members receive - - and your university library + should + take ) . but really all you need to do is to send your name and address , plus a check for $ 25 or # 13 sterling ( or request to charge access / mastercharge / visa / eurocard ) for the annual dues to : secretariat , ipa linguistics and phonetics univeristy of leeds leeds , ls2 9jt , u . k . peter ladefoged
",0
1158,"Subject: re : 6 . 217 sum : multimodal references
 
 some more references on multimodal references : 1 . there 's rohini srihari 's piction project : on the web , see url : http : / / www . cedar . buffalo . edu / piction / also see : govindaraju , venu ; sher , david b . ; srihari , rohini k . ; & srihari , sargur n . ( 1989 ) , ` ` locating human faces in newspaper photographs , ' ' _ proceedings of cvpr _ : 549 - - 554 . govindaraju , venu , & srihari , rohini k . ( 1990 ) , ` ` recognizing faces in a news photo database , ' ' _ advanced imaging _ 5 : 22 - - 26 . srihari , rohini k . ( 1991a ) , ` ` piction : a system that uses captions to label human faces in newspaper photographs , ' ' _ proceedings of the 9th national conference on artificial intelligence ( aaai-91 , anaheim ) _ ( aaai press ) : 80 - - 85 . rohini k . srihari ( 1991b ) , ` ` extracting visual information from text : using captions to label faces in newspaper photographs , ' ' _ technical report 91-17 ( buffalo : suny buffalo department of computer science _ . srihari , rohini k . ( 1993a ) , ` ` intelligent document understanding : understanding photos with captions , ' ' _ proceedings of the international conference on document analysis and recognition ( icdar-93 , tsukuba city , japan ) _ , srihari , rohini k . ( 1993b ) , ` ` use of collateral text in understanding photos in documents , ' ' _ proceedings of the conference on applied imagery and pattern recognition ( aipr / spie , washington , dc ) _ , srihari , rohini k . , & rapaport , william j . ( 1989 ) , ` ` extracting visual information from text : using captions to label human faces in newspaper photographs , ' ' _ proceedings of the 11th annual conference of the cognitive science society ( ann arbor , mi ) _ ( hillsdale , nj : lawrence erlbaum associates ) : 364-371 . srihari , rohini k . , & rapaport , william j . ( 1990 ) , ` ` combining linguistic and pictorial information : using captions to interpret newspaper photographs , ' ' in d . kumar ( ed . ) , _ current trends in sneps - - semantic network processing system _ , _ lecture notes in artificial intelligence , no . 437 _ ( berlin : springer - verlag ) : 85-96 . 2 . on multimodal interfaces , see : author = "" neal , j . g . and bettinger , k . e . and byoun , j . s . and dobes , z . and thielman , c . y . "" , year = 1988 , title = "" an intelligent multi - media human - computer dialogue system "" , booktitle = "" proceedings of the workshop on space , operations , automation , and robotics , ( soar88 ) "" , publisher = "" wright state university , dayton , oh "" author = "" neal , j . g . and dobes , z . and bettinger , k . e . and byoun , j . s . "" , year = 1988 , title = "" media - modual references in human - computer dialogue "" , booktitle = "" proceedings of the seventh national conference of the american association for artificial intelligence "" , publisher = "" morgan kaufmann "" , pages = "" 819-823 "" author = "" neal , j . g . and thielman , c . y . and funke , d . j . and byoun , j . s . "" , year = 1989 , title = "" multi - modal output composition for human - computer dialogues "" , booktitle = "" proceedings of the 1989 ieee ai systems in government conference "" , address = "" george washington univ . , wash . d . c . "" , publisher = "" ieee "" , pages = "" 250-257 "" } author = "" neal , j . g . and thielman , c . y . and dobes , z . and haller , s . m . and shapiro , s . c . "" , year = 1989 , title = "" natural language with integrated deictic and graphic gestures "" , booktitle = "" proceedings of the darpa speech and natural language workshop "" , publisher = "" morgan kaufmann "" , author = "" neal , j . g . and thielman , c . y . and dobes , z . and haller , s . m . and glanowski , s . and shapiro , s . c . "" , year = 1989 , title = "" { cubricon } : a multi - modal user interface . { p } resented at the { gis / lis } ' 89 { c } onference "" , address = "" orlando , florida "" , author = "" jeannette g . neal and stuart c . shapiro "" , year = 1991 , title = "" intelligent multi - media interface technology "" , booktitle = "" intelligent user interfaces "" , editor = "" joseph w . sullivan and sherman w . tyler "" , publisher = "" addison wesley "" , address = "" reading , ma "" , pages = "" 11-43 "" } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = william j . rapaport associate professor of computer science adjunct professor of philosophy and center for cognitive science 226 bell hall | phone : ( 716 ) 645-3180 x 112 department of computer science | fax : ( 716 ) 645-3464 suny buffalo | email : rapaport @ cs . buffalo . edu buffalo , ny 14260 | web : http : / / www . cs . buffalo . edu
",0
1159,"Subject: language teaching lists
 
 hi , an acquaintance of mine who is on the net , but not on the list would like to know whether there is a list that discusses foreign language teaching ( like didactic hints , textbooks , classroom materials , jobs . . - much like linguist ) . if there is , send the relevant info to : birgit roller bowling green state university e-mail : birgitr @ bgnet . bgsu . edu thanks achim stenzel
",0
1160,"Subject: request for information on soundex . . .
 
 do you know of any written description of soundex code and its rules ? i ' m writing a software program to help my wife decode surnames in her genealogical research . the only description i ' ve located to date is a summary leaving lots of unanswered questions . please respond to my internet address , charlie @ dragonsys . com , as i do n't have ready access to linquist . thanks .
",0
1161,"Subject: metathesis
 
 content - length : 1125 please post the following message : beth hume and i are compiling a survey of metathesis effects . we would be thankful to anyone who can send us information on the topic . please include the name of the language , a brief description of the phenomena , and references ( if available ) . respond to the following address : fparkins @ ling . ohio-state . edu thanks , frederick parkinson
",0
1162,"Subject: latvian language policy
 
 i have found the topic of "" linguistic human rights violations "" particularly interesting , but i am a little confused as to what constitutes such a violation . marc picard writes , "" personally , i would hope that latvians would take any measures they deem necessary to get everybody in their country to speak their language . "" if someone were to issue such a statement about the language situation in the united states ( particularly with regards to native speakers of spanish who are residents / citizens of the us ) , i am sure that some group would throw up its arms in protest of the oppression of this segment of the population . is this what is meant by a "" linguistic human rights violation "" ? is it something more severe ? or are we looking at other countries and applying different standards than those which we apply in the united states ? mark mitton carleton college northfield , mn 55057 mittonm @ carleton . edu
",0
1163,"Subject: - 0500 ( est )
 
 the intensity of recent postings on language policy left me a little worried . do these people ( i won't mention names ) also support an english - only policy for the us ? i certainly hope not . my home language is spanish , and i * would * consider it a violation of my linguistic human rights to be forced to use english in situations where doing so is required by nothing more than the law . micheal w . palmer mellon research fellow department of linguistics university of north carolina at chapel hill
",0
1164,"Subject: re : 6 . 192 latvia 's language policy
 
 what about giving martin the benefit of the doubt and assume that "" russian - speaking estonians "" is a slip of the keyboard for "" russian - speaking latvians "" ? hartmut haberland
",0
1165,"Subject: dick armey 's slip and correction
 
 i was curious if anyone was actually interested in verifying whether armey 's slip was actually a slip . but since someone has asked what the time delay between the utterance of "" barney fag "" and his correction : having heard a replay , i would say the delay was less than a second . imo , the utterance was definitely a slip and not a slur . other factors would support this conclusion , apart from the delay , phonology , etc . , primary among them the fact that armey is n't stupid . he 's a ph . d . in economics , and has the political savvy to get himself elected majority whip . only the politically ( or linguistically ) tendentious would be likely to assert that someone of his political skills would think it to his advantage to make such an utterance . what a shame it was to see members of this list anxious to use their professional skills ( or to abuse them ) in order to make a political point . two weeks into this discussion and only now does anyone actually inquire into the data . it makes one wonder how much linguistic research is driven by other agendas , and what the quality of that research is . . . dave wharton
",0
1166,"Subject: re : 6 . 189 innateness / language & species
 
 for those interested in the language and species discussion , i should mention that i am teaching an undergraduate seminar this quarter on the very topic ( called apes and language - - covering "" what is ( human ) language ? "" "" what is american sign language ? "" and "" what is it that the trained apes can do ? "" but not the evolutionary aspects . ) if anyone would like to see a copy of the syllabus and readings , i would be glad to send one to you . rachel lagunoff ucla
",0
1167,"Subject: re : 6 . 221 sum : progressive with future time reference
 
 at 07 : 39 pm 2 / 15 / 95 - 0600 , the linguist list wrote : ) date : wed , 15 feb 1995 19 : 07 : 00 - 0400 ) from : bertinet @ sns . it ( bertinetto ) ) subject : sum : progressive with future time reference ) ) some time ago i posted a query concerning the possible existence of ) languages in which the morpheme expressing the notion of "" progressive "" may ) be used with future time reference , as in english : ) - i am leaving tomorrow . ) the coexistence of progressive and a future time adverbial is the decisive ) factor . i ' m sorry i have missed the original request from pier marco . albanian seems to have the same features . the progressive is formed , for both present and imperfect past , by putting a particle [ po ] in front of the verb . the particle is the same for all the forms of the verb . examples ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 1 . how the progressive is created : ( "" po "" is equivalent to the suffix "" - ing "" in english ) a ) ai po ecte [ he - ing walk ( past imperfect ) ] b ) ne po ecim [ we - ing walk ( present ) ] 2 . not every verb can be combined with a future time adverbial ( this depends from the semantic features of the verb and from the tense - only present ) a ) po vi neser [ - ing come ( 1st person sg ) tomorrow ] b ) po shkojme pas nje ore [ - ing go ( 1st person pl ) in one hour ] if anything is not clear , please , let me know . am aleksander murzaku microlytics , inc . two tobey village office park - - pittsford , new york 14534 tel . 716 248 9150 ext . 118 fax . 716 248 3868 e - mail : amurzaku @ microlytics . com www :
",0
1168,"Subject: referencing example numbers in wp
 
 since the question has been raised about how to reference example numbers in wordperfect for dos , here 's my two-cents ' worth about wp5 . 1 and wp6 for dos . in 5 . 1 , although one could use paragraph numbers , as was suggested , this precludes using them to number sections of a paper . a better approach is to use the numbering facilities for "" graphics boxes . "" like paragraph numbers , graphics boxes can be referenced by the cross-reference feature in wp . what you have to do is set equation box options so that the caption is to the left of the box ( the default is to the right ) . for phonological rules , which can be nicely formatted using the equation editor , you then create an equation box with a caption consisting of "" ( [ box number ] ) "" and go into the equation editor to write the rule . for sample sentences , etc . , the box itself is empty , but with a caption as before , and set to allow text to overlap it . you can then exit the create graphics box screen and proceed to type the examples . the numbers automatically update as new boxes are added . cross - referencing is done by assigning name to any example you want to reference ( as a cross-reference target ) and then putting in a cross-reference reference code with the target 's name . you have to generate occasionally to update the reference numbers ; they initially appear as ? . in wp6 ( which is superior for linguistics because of its support for phonetic symbols ) it 's even easier . wp6 has a counters feature ( in the character format dialog box ) . you define a counter ( i call mine example ) . whenever you want to insert an example , you type ( in the main document screen ) the open parenthesis , go into the counters dialog box , and push f8 ( or click on the increment and display button ) . this inserts two codes : one to increment the number ( this is not done automatically for user-defined counters ) and one to display it . cross - referencing is done as before . a couple of additional wp tips : - the styles feature is very useful for dealing with in-text stylesheets for journals . for any feature where journals have different styles ( scare quotes , sentence glosses and translations , in-text reference punctuation , etc . ) you assign a style . styles can be any combination of characters and codes . for each journal , you create a different style library . then , if you want to change formatting from one to another , you simply read in a different style library . - the above is too simple for bibliography style sheets , where the order of elements differs in addition to punctuation and font attribute . if you are comfortable with programming , you can write merge programs ( called primary merge files in wp5 . 1 and merge form files in wp6 ) for the different stylesheets and have a bibliography file which is formatted as a secondary merge file ( wp5 . 1 ) / merge data file ( wp6 ) , with fields for things like author 's first and last names , year , title , etc . ( include a field for type of reference ( book , article , dissertation , etc . ) since the format of the title may vary . ) this is not recommended for computerphobes , however . - lining up foreign language examples with word-for - word glosses in proportional fonts can be done using tabs , and resetting the tab stops for each example . this is easier from wp6 . 0b onwards ( if you have a mouse ) because of the ruler feature : you display the ruler and drag the tab stops , and as you drag them a dotted line extends down from the tab stop through the text so you can see exactly where you are . in previous versions , you have to go into the tab set menu and play with the tab settings by trial and error . it is even possible to put asterisks inside the space of the tab between the example number and the example . instead of tabbing , use the tab align ( wp5 . 1 ) or decimal align ( wp6 ) feature ( ctrl f6 ) . before pressing ctrl - f6 , set the "" decimal character "" to the first letter of the example ( on the other format menu in 5 . 1 and the character format menu in 6 ) . to prevent the spell-checker from stopping on words in foreign examples ( or phonetic representations , or logical formulae ) , in 5 . 1 you can use the language feature to insert a made-up language code . the spell-checker will complain that it can't find the dictionary for the language , and you tell it to ignore the language and continue checking what it can . in wp6 a block can be marked [ speller / grammatik off ] ( on the other format menu ) to prevent it from being spell - or grammar-checked . - - yehuda n . falk department of english the hebrew university of jerusalem "" live long and prosper "" - vulcan greeting
",0
1169,"Subject: summary : c - insertion
 
 some weeks ago i posted a query as to whether anyone knew examples of consonant insertion to separate impermissible vowel clusters , in which the choice of consonant was not conditioned by its surrounding vowels . thanks who all those who responded . their names and e-mail addresses appear with their edited remarks . i would welcome further comments on anything brought up in this summary . reason for the query : my query was prompted by work i ' ve been doing on the czech verb system in which , in certain forms from certain paradigms , a glide / j / appears that is not present in other forms . ( since most e-mail won't support czech diacritics , i ' ll spell all czech forms phonetically . an apostrophe after a consonant indicates its palatalization . ) typical of such verbs is the verb [ d ' elat ] "" to do "" : [ d ' ela : ] "" he / she / it does "" [ d ' elaji : ] "" they do "" [ d ' elaji : c ] active participle ( plural ) in old church slavonic and in russian , this / j / appears in all persons of the present tense in related paradigms ( e . g . , russian [ d ' elajet ] "" to do "" 3rd per . sing . ) and creates a vjv sequence , which historically contracted into a long vowel in czech ( e . g . , [ d ' ela : ] ) . in most current phonological accounts of west slavic languages , such as rubach ( 1993 ) , this / j / is considered to be present underlyingly , but then needs to be deleted in almost all forms of these verbs . this representation seemed too abstract to me , and when i considered czech phonotactic restrictions ( see charts in palkova ( 1994 ) ) from an autosegmental viewpoint , it occurred to me that the / j / ( where it does survive ) may simply be inserted to break up impermissible v clusters or to prevent formation of overlong syllable nuclei . the only sticking point in this was that / j / often appears between non-high vs or vs with which it shares no obvious features . as i found out from the responses and from searching i ' ve done since , the epenthesis of consonants between non-homorganic vowels is not as uncommon as one might assume . so far , the norm seems to be that cs inserted at morpheme boundaries will be glides ( even between non-high vs ) unless there is a relic consonant that has been retained , and sometimes analogically extended , in a given environment . in all cases i ' ve found where the inserted c is a relic , that c is coronal . more data would be greatly welcome . the responses : albert ortmann ( ortmann @ sapir . ling . uni-duesseldorf . de ) mentioned several examples : english intrusive / r / , french t-epenthesis in interrogative forms , dutch insertion of / j / and / v / between non-high vs morpheme internally ( e . g . , theater [ te : ' ( j ) a : t @ r ] ; zovals [ zo : ' ( v ) als ] "" like , as if "" ) , and swiss german insertion of / n / between certain hosts and clitics ( e . g . groesser wie-n - i "" taller than - ep - i "" ) . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = subj : vowel clusters from : spscob @ main . queen-margaret - college . ac . uk from : spscob @ main . queen-margaret - college . ac . uk x - from : spscob @ main . queen-margaret - college . ac . uk ( dr james m scobbie ) some people might think that / r / sandhi in english is of the type you are looking for , but really / r / is just the consonantal glide counterpart of non-high vowels , so it 's just like finding / j / near / i / or / w / near / u / . note , however , that to avoid inserting / r / in certain socially stigmatised environments , many speakers insert glottal stop : law [ ? ] and order instead of law [ r ] and order = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = subj : c - insertion from : seegmiller @ apollo . montclair . edu ( steve seegmiller ) karachay , a turkic language , has a clear case of a consonant appearing under certain circumstances involving what would otherwise be v - v sequences . the plural suffix is - le or - la ( depending on vowel harmony ) , so that at ' horse ' has the plural atla . however , if the plural suffix is itself followed by another suffix beginning with a vowel , an - r - appears : atlari "" m ' my horses ' . ( the 1sg possessive suffix is - im / i "" m / um / u "" m ) . the - r - is clearly historical , since the karachay forms with - r - are similar to the ordinary turkish form . that is , the turkish forms corresponding to the karachay ones given above are at , atlar , atlari "" m . the thing i do n't know is whether there is motivation for postulating this - r - in the underlying form of the plural suffix or not . there are some reasons to say yes and some to say no , so i ' m not sure . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = from : gladney @ vmd . cso . uiuc . edu i do n't have references , but here are three e examples i have noticed : freebie , sukie ( a diminutive of sue ) , and the l . a . lakers . best wishes , frank y . gladney . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = from : karlrein @ aol . com subj : intrusive glides i do n't know if this is what you are looking for , but portuguese has [ y ] s and [ w ] s that come between more open final and initial vowels . in some dialects ( continental and insular ) ' na agua ' is [ n ( schwa ) + y + agwa ] . when nasal vowels are on both sides , the [ y ] is nasal . in many varieties ( all ? ) ' no ano ' is [ nu + w + ( mid-central a ) nu ] . sorry about the lack of symbols . karl reinhardt , dept . of modern and classical languages , university of houston . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = from : ferry @ cimrs1 . mnhn . fr to : jpkirchner @ aol . com for glide insertion in eskimo language you can see : jorgen rischel , topics in west greenlandic phonology , akademisk forlag , copenhagen , 1974 . insertion of nasal velar or nasal uvular to prevent the fusion of two long vowels . best regards philippe mennecier , muse ' e de l ' homme , paris = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = subj : consonant insertion picard @ vax2 . concordia . ca ( marc picard ) i think you ' ll probably find find that most cases of consonant insertionare the result of analogy . in french , for example , what should be chante-il ' is he singing ' is actually chante - t-il , the epenthetic / t / having been introduced in all first conjugation verbs through the influence of a final 3 sg final / t / in the other conjugations , e . g . finit-il , fait-il , recoit-il , etc . also , because of final consonant deletion , words like abri 's helter ' and debit came to have an identical ending . however , because so many such forms alternated with morphologically complex words ending in / t / , some original vowel-final words acquired this consonant in composition so that , for example , abriter came to replace abrier ( which is still used in canadian french in the sense of ' to cover ' ) . you ' ll also find cases like clou ' nail ' with derived forms either with or without / t / , e . g . clouer ' to nail ' vs . cloute , clouterie , cloutier . although / t / is the 'd efault ' consonant , as it were , you ' ll also find cases like joli , jolie ' pretty ' yielding enjoliver ' to embellish ' ; you ' ll also find family names like joliet and jolivet . i ' m sure you can find out more about all this stuff in mildred pope 's from latin to modern french . marc picard = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ( in this one i have edited out those of mr . alvarez 's examples containing characters that did not survive transmission . he also included an extensive spanish outline of the guajiro language and people , which i ' ll make available to those who request it . jk ) subj : c - insertion in guajiro x - from : jalvar @ conicit . ve ( jose r . alvarez ) in guajiro , an arawakan language spoken in colombia and venezuela , all the six vowels show a contrast between short and long . long vowels ( written as double vowels in the practical orthography ) and diphthongs ( written as two vowels ) behave alike for the process of consonant insertion to be described shortly . whenever the situation arises where due to morphological concatenation we have a theme ( complex or monomorphemic ) ending with a long vowel and a suffix beginning with a long vowel , an epenthetic [ h ] ( written as j ) or [ w ] ( written as w ) is inserted to break up the impermissible vowel cluster . the choice of either [ h ] or [ w ] is simply a matter of dialect differences , [ h ] being preferred by the arribero speakers and [ w ] preferred by the abajero speakers . the insertion of [ h / w ] to break up vowel clusters applies with no conditioning by the surrounding vowels , that is , it is a general and very productive process . atpanaa + ee + chi - ) atpanaajeechi or atpanaaweechi "" it will be rabbit "" ke + kii + ee-shi - ) kekiijeeshi or kekiiweeshi "" he wants to have a ( good ) head "" a + ko ' ojoo + ee + shi - ) ako ' ojeeshi or ako ' oweeshi "" he wants / wanted to embrace "" contrary to what these few examples may lead one to suspect , this epenthesis in not conditioned by the presence of a long ee in the second half of the cluster . it is simply an accident of guajiro morphology that very common suffixes have this long vowel ( - ee future , - ee desiderative , - eema apparentative , etc . ) . however , only [ w ] is used in epenthesis in certain cases . this last case is particularly important in infinitive formation . a guajiro infinitive may end with one of the six long vowels aa ee ii oo uu uu [ this last vowel is / uu / with "" umlaut "" - - jk ] or with the sequence waa . this duality in infinitive formation is directly related with the phonological structure of the stem from which the infinitive is constructed : if the final syllable of the stem is light , that is , if it ends with a short vowel , then the final vowel is lengthened ; if the final syllable of the stem is heavy ( that is , if it ends with a long vowel or a diphthong ) , then - aa is suffixed , an epenthetic [ w ] being added . the infinitives ashakataa / a = shaka-ta - aa / ( 0 = get . off - tt-inf ) "" to get off "" y cheecheewaa / cheechee-aa / ( soft - inf ) "" to be soft "" illustrate this contrast . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = thanks again to all who responded . i 'd welcome more examples if anyone knows of any . james kirchner jpkirchner @ aol . com
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1170,"Subject: re : 6 . 249 dick armey 's slip and correction
 
 i ' m sorry if this was in the original post , but it seems obvious to me that phonological misprocessing is not the only possible type of "" slip "" we could be dealing with , indeed , i do n't know the "" speech error "" literature all that well but "" fak "" for "" frank "" seems totally out as a likely error , in my view ( has anyone looked at the phonological context ? ) . surely the suspicion must be that this is a privately used slur of representative frank that crept into public discourse - - i . e . , it was a register problem rather than a phonological one . it would seem unfortunate ( just to respond to the "" political agenda "" part of an earlier post ) if we as linguists refused to bring our competence to bear on questions such as this for fear of being "" politicized "" . mark
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1171,"Subject: re : 6 . 249 dick armey 's slip and correction
 
 could someone provide the context for dick armey 's utterance of "" barney fag "" ? i only heard it once and did n't write it down . my impression at the time , however , was that the phonological environment did n't seem quite right for a spoonerism . one other thought : it seems that a binary opposition between an intentional slur on armey 's part and a purely phonological slip does n't represent all the possibilities . it 's certainly possible that if the string "" barney fag "" has been used often enough on capitol hill in the hearing of dick armey , he might very well have inadvertently substituted it for frank 's actual name . is n't that something that 's done all the time : accidentally saying something that one has heard recently or repeatedly . "" can't get that tune out of my head ! "" seems like a reasonable explanation for a "" slip "" that was n't a spoonerism . anything on non-spoonerism phonological slips out there that bears on this ? phil gaines
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1172,"Subject: dick armey 's slip
 
 so dave wharton , having determined that the delay between richard armey 's "" barney fag "" remark and its correction lasted less than a second , is confident that it must have been "" a slip and not a slur "" ( presumably blameless ) , all the more since armey has a ph . d . and a wealth of political savvy and "" would not think it to his advantage to make such an utterance . "" a victim , then , of linguists with ulterior agendas . how in the in the world is one to respond to such a statement ? if wharton had made the suggestion 75 years ago you might repeat the observation that freud offered in the introductory lectures to the effect that the merely somatic or phonetic concommitents of slips can't explain why they occur when they do - - as he put it , it 's like telling a policeman that the darkness of the night and the isolation of the street have caused your purse to be snatched . what might have possessed armey , then ? the new republic has pointed out that he was one of only forty-seven members ( gingrich was not among them ) who voted against george bush 's hate crime statistics act , which allowed the government to record violence against homosexuals ; that he voted to exclude people with aids from the americans with disabilities act ; that he voted to deny government funds to groups that boycotted the boy scouts of america on the grounds of that organization 's anti-gay policies ; and that he refused to sign a voluntary statement saying that his own office did n't discriminate against homosexuals . of course the remark was n't "" intentional , "" but the evidence is pretty thick that armey harbors just the sorts of inner demons who would have been lying in wait for any breach in conscious attention . most inhabitants of the late 20th century will acknowlege some acquaintance with pesky creatures like these , and you would think that it would be only by an act of willful repression that someone could deny their existence entirely . but maybe we should give wharton the benefit of the doubt ; maybe his is a genuine victorian innocence . only , just think of it ! all those theorists arguing that we are living the twilight of modernist era , when there are still people ( with an "" edu "" in their address , yet ) on whom it has not even begun to dawn .
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1173,"Subject: re : 6 . 249 dick armey 's slip and correction
 
 having read all of the research literature on slips of the tongue and having scanned them in both normal and aphasic corpora , i find it hard to believe that this much discussed slip was linguistic tho it may , in some sense , have been freudian . bob wachal
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1174,"Subject: re : 6 . 249 dick armey 's slip and correction
 
 slurs . . . i mean , sirs : armey 's slip could very well have been a slip , but a slip of this sort represents a competing plan , and one can then ask , why the competing plan ? phonological similarity ( "" similarity "" being the aristotean catch-all ) [ / fraenk / vs . / faeg / ] or something more like bernie baars 's "" unintentional "" pun , clearly indicating something a bit more than raw phonological similarity . the non-phonological , competing plan notion brings up all sorts of interpretive issues concerning why armey may or may not have had something painfully abusive "" on his mind "" when he produced "" fag . "" if it had been "" on his mind , "" it was ( at that point in time during on-line speech ) not anything typically volitional and intentional . these are tricky issues .
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1175,"Subject: nlp jobs summary
 
 a couple of weeks ago , i asked whether there is a central source of information about jobs in nlp . i received about ten responses , some of which mentioned specific job opportunities , which i passed on to my student . i am posting here a summary of the general discussion . 1 . there is a list called langage naturel ( ln @ frmop11 . bitnet ) , run by philippe blache ( pb @ harar . unice . fr ) , which may be useful . 2 . the attendance lists from acl could be helpful . 3 . mark kantrowitz at cmu has a mailing list called ai-jobs . many of the listings are in cl / nlp . he can be reached at mkant @ cs . cmu . edu url : http : / / www . cs . cmu . edu : 8001 / afs / cs . cmu . edu / user / mkant / www / home . html 4 . ken i . laws runs a for-moderate - fee mailing list called the computist 's communique . it 's a general e-newsletter for computer scientists , but includes an appendix ( of sorts ) of job ads in applied cs / ai . again , quite a few nlp ads . ken offers once-a - month freebies , and bargain subscriptions for students and unemployed members . laws @ ai . sri . com . 5 . the ( very low volume ) newsgroup comp . ai . nlang-know - rep lists jobs occasionally . 6 . the empiricist mailing list is an email-list covering corpus-based nlp , and for nlp jobs , have a look at colibri , a weekly newsletter and www service for people interested in language , logic , speech and / or information . have a look at our url : ( http : / / colibri . let . ruu . nl / ) a keyword search on "" job "" will basically yield an overview of all jobs that were ever announced in colibri , which includes all nlp-jobs we were able to find . by this message , i announce that i am going out of the employment counseling business . mark aronoff
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1176,"Subject: sum : sign-singing
 
 a few weeks ago i posted the following query : ) here in taiwan there is a tv program in which people compete ) to see who is the best singer . there are different categories ) for different types of songs / languages , etc . , and one category ) is for "" sign singing "" . a tape of a song is played , and a signer ) signs along with the words of the song ( all those i ' ve seen ) compete were not deaf ) . i was wondering if this is common in ) other countries , and if so , what the criteria are for judging ) who is "" the best "" , and also if it is done at all by people ) who are deaf . thanks . i received a number of interesting responses : ) from jane edwards ( edwards @ cogsci . berkeley . edu ) : ) thought not pertaining to contests or even singing , for that matter , ) i saw something on pbs a couple months back which i wanted to mention . ) they showed a "" music appreciation "" class taught to totally deaf high school ) kids , in which they each were wearing pad on the back , which converts the ) acoustic output into pressure stimulation . the students were dancing to ) the music , and commenting on different types of music . they were n't ) singing / signing to it , but perhaps they could ? ) from jakob dempsey ( jakob @ u . washington . edu ) : ) one of the largest , most popular choruses in seattle regularly ) has a sign-language "" interpreter "" on stage during performances ; the ) particular one who has been doing it for a long time is not deaf ; he seems ) to also appeal a lot to the general audience with his expressive , exaggerated ) style . ) from midori yonezawa ( yonezawa @ student . msu . edu ) : ) i believe that there is a sign singing contest because music can be shared ) by everybody and it is natural to want to show different expressions each ) other . ) i learned japanese sign language in japan ( a little bit ) , and sometimes i ) practiced sign singing , too . i went to concerts where the singers were ) all professional "" shanson "" singers ( "" shanson "" is french loan into japanese ) . ) they have a concert every year for those who are handicapped , not only ) for deaf people . some singers sang with sign language at the same time as ) they sang vocally , and when the singers did n't do so there was an interpreter ) of sign language on the stage . i noticed and surprised that the ways of ) expressing by sing language are very different from each other and from ) occasions , e . g . fast / slow , soft / pressing , emotional / calm , etc , etc . . ) i also remember a tv program ( on nhk ) about equipment to help those who have ) difficulty in hearing . a technical group developed the equipment so that ) they can hear music . ) from peggy swartzel lott ( pslott @ utxvms . cc . utexas . edu ) : ) when i was a sign language interpreter and interpreter coordinator in ) san diego , california , there was quite a to-do a few years back over ) the issue of song sign . i first remember encountering song sign in ) the early to mid 70 's when a few groups of deaf performers ( i . e . ) musign ) toured the country performing popular songs in sign along ) with recorded sound tracks . later a pair of excellent performers , ) sharon neumann solow and gary sanderson , both individuals who were ) raised with deaf parents and fluent in asl , toured and performed ) songs in sign . ) ) the controversy in san diego centered on a local "" annual song sign ) competition "" hosted by the area 's rid branch , sanscrid . the ) competition was open to the public and was established both for ) a general "" deaf awareness "" activity and to raise funds for various ) purposes . prizes were given out for best individual song , best ) group , etc . the performance of the competition was quite popular ) and seemed to be growing in attendance and participation each year . ) ) a group of deaf people contested the competition on various grounds . ) the points i remember best about their objection ( because i ) personally found these issues most compelling ) were that the ) actual performances were offensive to some native signers because ) of the way putting sign to music distorted the linguistic and ) aesthetic dynamics of asl . that is , in order to make a signed ) narrative conform to the lyrics of a song , to translate it ) simultaneously with the recorded music , many grammatical patterns ) in normal signing had to be altered . often the performance bore ) little resemblance to normal signing . ) ) there was great debate for a while in the community over this issue . ) certain deaf people and many hearing interpreters and sign ) students defended the practice of song sign . some insisted that ) they be allowed to exercise their own artistic talents in playing ) with signing in this way . others felt that song sign provided an ) important bridge that enabled many uninformed hearing people to ) become aware of and appreciate the beauty of signing . the ) community was divided over the issue and eventuall y the whole ) thing was dropped . in the meantime , however , certain concerns ) of deaf people were brought to the surface and continued to be a ) source of discussion : issues about who has the right to make poetic ) use of signing and what sorts of alterations in signing style are ) acceptable to native users and which are not . i found the whole ) debate quite interesting and was genuinely convinced by the ) argument of the deaf people who were opposed to the practice . ) from richard arnold ( richard . arnold @ vuw . ac . nz ) : ) here in new zealand we have an annual new zealand sign langauge story - telling ) competition . mostly the competitors are deaf , but some codas also partipate as ) well . i have yet to see any hearing compete , however i know of some deaf for ) whom nz sign language is a second language learnt later in their adult life ) also participate . ) ) the winners are usually those who are quite fluent in nzsl . the criteria for ) judging is ( to my understanding ) as follows : ) ) - is the signing clear to the audience ? ) - does the signer get the audiences attention ? ) - is the story well structured ? ) - is the story within the time limits set ( usually 3 minutes ) ? ) - does the signer keep to the rules ? ) this usually consists of - no dirty jokes . ) - no overzealous religious contexts . ) ) the competitior must give a title to his / her story and state its type , ( ie true ) story , joke story , sad story , not true story etc . . . ) ) ) if the story exceeds the time limit a point is deducted . however the signer is ) not interrupted if he / she exceeds the limit but is allowed to complete the ) story ( unless it really is too long ! ! ! ) . ) ) sometimes , at the end the winner ( if he / she is popular with the audience is ) asked to repeat it or give another story ) . ) ) . . . sign-singing is not too common among the deaf community far as i am ) aware . it is mostly done in religious situations . i think it is n't a strong ) component of deaf culture . however story-telling is a strong part of deaf ) culture and especially of making jokes and light-hearted teasing . anyway thats ) my deaf experience here in new zealand . ) from karina bingham ( karina @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu ) : ) there is an african - american a cappella group called "" sweet honey in the ) rock "" who have a full-time signer in the group . she performs with them and ) signs her interpretations of the songs . they recently published a book ) for their 25th anniversary : ) ) reagon , bernice johnson . the long journey home . 1994 . ) ) in which the signer discusses her experiences in the deaf community and ) a deaf church ( where the congregation sang in sign ) . her parents were both ) deaf ; she is not . ) from marina mcintire ( mmcintir @ lynx . dac . neu . edu ) : ) you have inadvertently touched upon a very tender issue in the deaf ) community here in the us . first , let me say that only in the us have i ) seen this phenomenon . brits ( both deaf and hearing who work with them ) ) are confounded and amused by it . in the us , it used to be quite the ) thing to translate songs and develop routines to go with them , produce ) recitals and concerts , and the like . it arose , most likely , out of a ) strong church-related tradition of "" helpers "" for deaf people . ) ) in the last ten to fifteen years , however , deaf people have begun their ) own liberation . song - signing has been a casualty , by and large . it is ) viewed as representing one aspect of a pathological or clinical view of ) deafness , i . e . , that the worst "" loss "" resulting from deafness is music . ) this is , of course , far from the truth . and for culturally deaf people , ) music is a peculiarity belonging to the mainstream hearing world and of ) no consequence in their lives whatsoever . so * that * motive ( helping ) d / deaf people appreciate what they ' re missing ) is not acceptable . ) ) another complaint is that , by and large , translations are more ) influenced by the rhythm of the music than by any sense it might make in ) asl , presenting d / deaf audiences with nonsensical or distorted versions ) of signs and signed syntax . this arises partly , of course , out of the ) difficulty of translating any poetry into any language . ) ) worst of all , and perhaps most puzzling to d / deaf people , is the ) insistence of most song-signers on including things like "" tra la la "" or ) humming . there is * nothing * that could make less sense to a d / deaf ) audience ! ) ) i will say that i have seen some wonderful song-sign translations done , ) including some with rather elegant dance routines . sometimes these have ) been done by d / deaf people and sometimes by hearing folks . by and large , ) however , this practice is no longer an acceptable pasttime in our ) community . exceptions are made , ironically , for interpreters who work in ) theater . musical productions , because of their general inclusion of ) dance ( a more interesting visual event ) and costume / props / etc . . . are ) quite popular and well-attended ( comparatively speaking ) by d / deaf ) theatre-goers . many thanks to all those who replied . randy lapolla institute of history and philology academia sinica
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1177,"Subject: dependency grammar : corrections , reactions , reformatting
 
 apparently i made a few mistakes in the posting about my manuscript on dependency grammar . this is curious , because i apparently got everything right on the earlier posting on the same topic to the dg and hpsg lists . at least two people have informed me that they successfully ftp-ed everything , but at least two others have had problems . the address should be : julius . ling . ohio-state . edu the suffixes . ps . gz on the file-names ( not the address ) indicate that they are compressed , so you need to uncompress them using the command ' gunzip ' . the slashes in the directory address should be ' / ' and not ' \ ' . presumably because of some sort of software error , i cannot read things in my inbox . but i put three of the reactions to my previous posting there before i had grown accustomed to this problem , so i cannot answer these directly , but will now try to do so through the linguist list . to the respondent from finland : you wanted a numerical address . it is : 128 . 146 . 172 . 200 to the respondent from taiwan ( or was it hongkong ? ) . you noted a problem with chapter 7 . the general problem has now been corrected , but there may still be a problem with one or two of the examples . if so , i can send an ascii file , as you suggested , or a paper copy of these examples , if you send me a regular mail address , but in either case you have to write to me again . i am now used to reading my mail and replying if necessary , or at least writing down the essential information , before downloading . nevertheless , i hope the compuserve people solve the problem soon . to the "" computer illiterate / dyslexic "" ( your own term ) : surely you can find someone there who is able to help you with the ftp procedure . the university you are at must have more than its share of experts in this area . but i can also send you an ascii version of chapter 1 via email , if you write to me again . for the sake of making my files more compatible with the software linguists most often use , andreas kathol has advised me to reformat my manuscript in latex . unfortunately , he does n't know where to get a latex software packet for use with pcs ( what i use ) . can anyone help by giving me a site to ftp from ? i am in the process of creating a latex version of the files . dan maxwell 100101 , 2276 @ compuserve . com
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1178,"Subject: www page : south african conferences
 
 as part of the www pages i have prepared for the department of linguistics , university of natal ( durban ) i have included information on the following conferences which are being held in south africa this year : 1 ) the conference of the african languages association of south africa , 12 - 14 july . 2 ) the conference of the south african applied linguistics association , 9 - 12 july . 3 ) the conference of the linguistics society of southern africa , 5 - 7 july . 4 ) the conference of the south african association for language teaching , 9 - 12 july . 5 ) the english in africa conference , 11 - 14 july . the url for the departmental home page is : http : / / www . und . ac . za / ling / linghome . html you can access the list of conferences directly at the url : http : / / www . und . ac . za / ling / sa _ cnfs . html if there are any other linguistics or related conferences being held in southern africa this year which could be included in this list please let me know . rodrik wade _ _ _ rodrik wade ( wade @ mtb . und . ac . za ) web page html : / / www . und . ac . za / ling / wade post : dept . of linguistics phone : + 27 ( 0 ) 31 260 1131 university of natal private bag x10 dalbridge 4014 , south africa .
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1179,"Subject: bisfai deadline extension !
 
 bisfai deadline extension ! the deadline for the bar - ilan symposium on foundations of artificial intelligence has been extended to february 27 . the conference itself will take place as scheduled , june 20-22 , in ramat - gan and jerusalem , israel . for more information contact : bisfai @ bimacs . cs . biu . ac . il daniel radzinski tovna translation machines jerusalem , israel dr @ tovna . co . il
",0
1180,"Subject: sentence processing conference - schedule
 
 the eighth annual cuny conference on human sentence processing march 16-18 , 1995 radisson hotel , 6555 e . speedway , tucson , az sponsors : university of arizona ( cognitive science program , dept . of psychology , dept . of linguistics , dean 's office ( social and behavioral sciences ) , social and behavioral sciences research institute ) , institute for research in cognitive science at the university of pennsylvania , university of rochester . the special session on prosodic effects on parsing is sponsored by nsf . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ = = program = = thursday , march 16 registration 8 : 15 - 8 : 45 8 : 45 welcoming remarks 9 : 00 brian mcelree & teresa griffith ( u . cal , irvine ) constraints on filling gaps : a time-course analysis . 9 : 25 lewis shapiro ( florida atlantic u . ) arild hestvik ( u . of stuttgart ) & kim luscher ( florida atlantic u . ) an on-line analysis of vp - ellipsis : syntactic reconstruction and semantic influence . 9 : 50 tracy love & david swinney ( ucsd ) on the nature of the search in coreferential processing . 10 : 15 kevin peterson , anthony sanford , & linda moxey ( u . glasgow ) anaphoric reference to differentially focused subsets of a quantified noun-phrase . 10 : 40 coffee break 11 : 10 neal pearlmutter , kathryn bock , and susan garnsey ( u . illinois ) subject - verb agreement processes in sentence comprehension . 11 : 35 christine sevald and susan garnsey ( u . illinois ) safe syntax : encapsulation of number-marking information in sentence comprehension . 12 : 00 celia jakubowicz and ch . faussart ( cnrs ) agreement phenomena in the processing of spoken french . 12 : 25 janet nicol ( u . arizona ) effects of clausal structure on subject-verb agreement errors . 12 : 50 lunch break 2 : 00 don mitchell ( u . exeter ) , fernando cuetos ( u . oviedo ) , martin corley ( u . exeter ) and marc brysbaert ( u . leuven ) the linguistic tuning hypothesis : further corpus and experimental evidence . 2 : 25 edward gibson , carson schutze , and ariel salomon ( mit ) the relationship between the frequency and the perceived complexity of linguistic structure . 2 : 50 suzanne stevenson ( rutgers ) reconciling constraint-based and structure-based explanations of syntactic preferences . 3 : 15 coffee break 3 : 45 john trueswell ( u . penn ) the role of lexical frequency in syntactic ambiguity resolution . 4 : 10 curt burgess & kevin lund ( u . cal , riverside ) extraction of high-dimensional semantics from large corpora and human syntactic processing constraints . 4 : 35 uli h . frauenfelder ( u . geneva ) , alain content ( ulb , bruxelles ) , jean - philippe goldman & christine meunier ( u . geneva ) . comparative sublexical statistics : the processing units debate . 5 : 30 - 7 : 00 - poster session i friday , march 17 special session on prosodic influences on parsing ( titles to be announced ) 8 : 30 stefanie shattuck - hufnagel & alice turk 9 : 10 wayne murray & sheila watt 9 : 45 shari speer ( northeastern u ) 10 : 15 fernanda ferreira ( msu ) 10 : 45 coffee break 11 : 15 nicholas nagel ( ucsd ) & lewis shapiro ( florida atlantic u ) prosodic influences on the processing of attachment ambiguities . 11 : 45 tadahisa kondo ( ntt basic research labs ) & reiko mazuka ( duke u . ) prosodic planning while reading aloud : on - line examination of japanese sentences . 12 : 15 merrill garrett ( u . arizona ) and roger wales ( u . melbourne ) commentary and panel discussion 1 : 00 lunch break 2 : 15 cyma van petten ( u . arizona ) , jill weckerly ( ucsd ) , heather mcisaac ( ubc ) , and marta kutas ( ucsd ) the impact of working memory capacity on the use of lexical and sentence-level semantic context : event - related brain potential evidence . 2 : 40 catherine harris ( boston u ) a corpora-based approach to sense-selection and contextual integration . 3 : 05 janet dean fodor ( cuny ) , weijia ni ( haskins ) , stephen crain ( u . maryland ) & donald shankweiler ( u . connecticut ) tasks and timing in the perception of linguistic anomaly . 3 : 30 coffee break 4 : 00 kathleen eberhard , michael tanenhaus , michael spivey - knowlton , and julie sedivy ( u . rochester ) . investigating the time-course of establishing reference : evidence for rapid incremental processing . 4 : 25 michael spivey - knowlton , michael tanenhaus , julie sedivy & kathleen eberhard ( u . rochester ) visual / situational context overrides local preference in pp - attachment ambiguity . 5 : 30 - 7 : 00 poster session ii saturday , march 18 9 : 25 richard lewis ( princeton ) a theory of grammatical but unacceptable embeddings . 9 : 50 maria babyonyshev ( mit ) processing inherently and structurally cased dps 10 : 15 patrick sturt & matthew crocker ( edinburgh ) monotonic parsing and reanalysis . 10 : 40 coffee break 11 : 10 julie e . boland ( osu ) understanding how they "" saw her duck "" : homographs in coherent text . 11 : 35 a . d . friederici ( mpi and freie u . ) , a . mecklinger , k . steinhauer & a . hahne ( freie u . ) processing violations of syntactic structure versus violations of syntactic preferences : evidence from erp studies . 12 : 00 susan garnsey , neal pearlmutter , elizabeth myers ( u . illinois ) , & maryellen macdonald ( usc ) the relative contributions of verb bias and plausibility to the comprehension of temporarily ambiguous sentences . 12 : 25 lars konieczny , barbara hemforth , & christoph scheepers ( u . freiberg ) pp - and np - attachment preferences differ according to verb-placement in german sentences . 12 : 50 lunch break 2 : 00 edith kaan & laurie stowe ( u . of groningen ) non - local subcategorization violations : the effect of distance and memory span . 2 : 25 colin brown , peter hagoort , & wietske vonk ( mpi ) on - line sentence processing : parsing preferences revealed by brain responses . 2 : 50 marica de vincenzi ( national research council roma ) syntactic analysis in sentence comprehension : effects of dependency types and grammatical constraints . 3 : 15 coffee break 3 : 45 martin pickering ( u . glasgow ) , holly branigan ( u . edinburgh ) , simon liversedge ( u . nottingham ) , andrew stewart ( u . sussex ) , thomas urbach , & ashley myler ( washington and lee u . ) exploring syntactic priming 4 : 10 michael anes , fernanda ferreira , & john henderson ( msu ) parallel structure effects in reading and listening . 4 : 35 kathleen ahrens & david swinney ( ucsd ) on the integration of verbs into sentential contexts : the effect of participant-role complexity in sentence processing . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ conference organizers : janet nicol , ken forster , and merrill garrett abstract review committee : andrew barss , tom bever , tom cornell , ken forster , susan garnsey , merrill garrett , louann gerken , ted gibson , wayne murray , janet nicol , david swinney , gabriella vigliocco ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ hotel information : the conference hotel is the radisson suite hotel , 6555 e speedway , tucson , az , 85710 . tel : ( 602 ) 721-7100 reservations can be made through radisson 's national system at 800-333 - 3333 . be sure to mention the cuny sentence processing conference when making your reservations . reservations made after february 15 will not be at the conference rate . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ how to get to the conference : 1 ) landing in tucson a taxi cab from the airport to the radisson will cost about $ 20 . ( this estimate came from yellow cab ) . bus . the arizona stage coach costs about $ 10 . interested persons should collect their luggage and then go to the arizona stagecoach desk on the baggage level of the airport next to hertz car rentals . no reservation required to go from the airport to the hotel , but a reservation is required to go to the airport . a reservation may be made at the airport , or by calling the following number : ( 602 ) 889-1000 . transportation for the handicapped to and from the tucson airport is available through handicar . reservations should be made in advance ( 602 881-3391 ) . the cost is $ 25 . 00 each way . upon arrival , passengers should call handicar to verify that the flight has come in . passengers bring one other person with them at no extra charge . 2 ) landing in phoenix the arizona shuttle service is a bus service that runs from the sky harbor airport in phoenix to a location near the radisson ( 5350 e . speedway ) . the cost is $ 19 . 00 each way . departures from the airport are every hour on the half hour from 5 : 30 am to 11 : 30 pm and from tucson , every hour on the hour from 4 : 00 am . to 9 : 00 pm . the trip takes approximately 2 hours . call ( 800 ) 888-2749 for further information . 3 ) driving to tucson . coming from north or west , take the speedway exit from i-10 . coming from the east , take the kolb exit from i-10 ( exit 275 ) . the radisson is on the north side of speedway , just east of wilmot . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = pre - registration form please pre-register . fees may be paid with check or money order payable to : sentence processing conference . we urge you to pre-register as soon as possible , but will accept pre-registration through march 15 . send payment to the following address : sentence processing conference psychology 312 university of arizona tucson , az 85721 student non - student preregistration : $ 10 $ 35 on - site : $ 20 $ 40 name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ students ! there may be ( limited ) funds to assist student travel . if you are a registered student , you are eligible to receive some funding , if such funds are available . if you wish to apply , send us the following information before march 1 : your name , affiliation , year , and participation in the conference ( e . g . , you are a second author on a poster ) . your advisor should verify your student status .
",0
1181,"Subject: conference call .
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - please post - - - - - - - - - - - - - - preliminary announcement and call for papers formal grammar barcelona august 12-13 , 1995 in conjunction with the european summer school in logic , language and information in 1995 the seventh european summer school in logic , language and information is to be held in barcelona . as on previous occasions this meeting will serve as a forum for areas including computational linguistics , formal linguistics , and the role of logic in grammar formalisms . this year the programme includes a conference on formal grammar open to all participants to present contemporary research in this domain . themes of interest include formal and computational phonology , syntax , semantics and pragmatics ; logical methods in linguistics ; and foundational , methodological and architectural issues in grammar . ten copies of anonymous abstracts of not more than 800 words ( on one two-sided sheet ) should be sent to the address below to arrive not later than april 21st , 1995 . please provide a separate sheet detailing title , author ( s ) and institution ( s ) , and address , e-mail , telephone and fax of one author for communication purposes . indicate on both the abstract and the identification sheet whether you require 20 minutes or 40 minutes for presentation . notification of acceptance will be by may 22nd . final versions of papers are to be received by 7th july for inclusion in a proceedings to be distributed at the time of the summer school . address for correspondence : committee of the esslli conference on formal grammar c / o glyn morrill departament de llenguatges i sistemes informatics universitat politecnica de catalunya pau gargallo , 5 08028 barcelona e-mail : morrill @ lsi . upc . es programme committee : elisabet engdahl , ewan klein , glyn morrill , dick oehrle , fernando pereira , carl pollard , richard sproat , susan steele , rich thomason , annie zaenen . for information about the european summer school in logic , language and information ( 14th - 25th august ) contact : esslli95 , gilcub , avda . vallvidrera 25 , 08017 barcelona ; fax + 43 3 2054656 ; e-mail : esslli95 @ gilcub . es \ documentstyle [ 11pt ] { article } \ pagestyle { empty } \ setlength { \ textwidth } { 6 . 5in } \ setlength { \ oddsidemargin } { 0 . 0in } \ begin { document } \ begin { center } \ rule { 1in } { . 01in } please post \ rule { 1in } { . 01in } \ \ \ medskip { \ large preliminary announcement and call for papers } \ \ \ bigskip { \ large \ bf formal grammar } \ \ \ medskip barcelona \ \ august 12-13 , 1995 \ \ in conjunction with the \ \ { \ bf european summer school in logic , language and information } \ end { center } \ medskip \ noindent in 1995 the seventh european summer school in logic , language and information is to be held in barcelona . as on previous occasions this meeting will serve as a forum for areas including computational linguistics , formal linguistics , and the role of logic in grammar formalisms . this year the programme includes a conference on formal grammar open to all participants to present contemporary research in this domain . themes of interest include formal and computational phonology , syntax , semantics and pragmatics ; logical methods in linguistics ; and foundational , methodological and architectural issues in grammar . ten copies of anonymous abstracts of not more than 800 words ( on one two-sided sheet ) should be sent to the address below to arrive not later than april 21st , 1995 . please provide a separate sheet detailing title , author ( s ) and institution ( s ) , and address , e-mail , telephone and fax of one author for communication purposes . indicate on both the abstract and the identification sheet whether you require 20 minutes or 40 minutes for presentation . notification of acceptance will be by may 22nd . final versions of papers are to be received by 7th july for inclusion in a proceedings to be distributed at the time of the summer school . address for correspondence : committee of the esslli conference on formal grammar \ \ c / o glyn morrill \ \ departament de llenguatges i sistemes inform \ ` { a } tics \ \ universitat polit \ ` { e } cnica de catalunya \ \ pau gargallo , 5 \ \ 08028 barcelona \ \ e-mail : { \ sf morrill @ lsi . upc . es } programme committee : elisabet engdahl , ewan klein , glyn morrill , dick oehrle , fernando pereira , carl pollard , richard sproat , susan steele , rich thomason , annie zaenen . for information about the european summer school in logic , language and information ( 14th - 25th august ) contact : esslli95 , gilcub , avda . vallvidrera 25 , 08017 barcelona ; fax + 43 3 2054656 ; e-mail : { \ sf esslli95 @ gilcub . es }
",0
1182,"Subject: sum : verbal / pronominal feature differences
 
 earlier this month i posted the following query : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = what languages ( if any ) do people know about , where there are distinctions carried in the verbal morphology which cannot be indicated in the pronominal system ? ( for example , if a language expressed gender differences in the verbs , but not in pronouns ) . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the following people very kindly replied with various pieces of very useful information : antton elosegi aldasoro ( fvpelala @ sd . ehu . es ) ariel mira ( mariel @ ccsg . tau . ac . il ) "" ellen l . contini - morava "" ( elc9j @ faraday . clas . virginia . edu ) simon corston ( corston @ humanitas . ucsb . edu ) brian d joseph ( bjoseph @ magnus . acs . ohio-state . edu ) june wickboldt : jwickbol @ ucs . indiana . edu here are the replies : the two most promising examples of what i was asking about come from basque and hebrew , where the pronominal and verbal systems do not match for gender : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - antton elosegi aldasoro ( fvpelala @ sd . ehu . es ) in basque there is not gender at all in nouns or pronouns , but some verbal forms carry the distinction of the gender of the 2nd person nik ekarri diat nik ekarri dinat i ( erg ) give it to you-masc i ( erg ) give it to you-fem antton elosegi ( university of the basque country ) ariel mira ( mariel @ ccsg . tau . ac . il ) in my own hebrew "" normal "" verbal inflections ( past and future ) distinguish person gender and number in 2nd and 3rd persons , but only number in 1st person . so far so good , because so does the free pronominal system . however , our now present tense is morphologically a nominal form ( for eg . holexet = ' walk ( fem ) ' as well as ' walker ( fem ) ' . now , our nominal forms , having nothing to do with pronominal forms inflects for number and gender , but does not distinguish persons . the result is that now 1st person present inflection distinguishes between fem and masc though the independent pronoun does not . modern hebrew is losing some gender distinctions too ! 1 . future tense 3rd pers plural : fem form is hardly ever used . even the purist language academy has "" abolished "" the form . ( we do n't seem to ever have had it in past tense ) . 2 . in colloquial speech , the same is happening to 2nd person , no doubt because the 2nd and 3rd person plural fem forms are identical ( though not the masc ones they have converged with ) . 3 . this needs to be checked ! the free plural feminine pronoun , as well as past inflections of same seem to me to be shaking . but real data has to be recorded for this , so do n't make much of this . i wonder whether mixed forms are possible , namely , you-fem go + masc , etc . * and on a more theoretical note * : hopefully you will find very few examples for what you are looking , because i believe ( what others have been saying for about a hundred years ) that inflections tend to develop out of free pronouns . hence , the dependence between the meanings encoded , though there is no principled reason for the inflection to change later , i guess . it is really unlikely , though , because once the form is inflected , fused with the verb , chances are it won't develop its separate semantics . if you ' re interested in theories about the development of inflection out of pronouns , i have my own , which accounts for the well-known fact that inflections for 1st and 2nd person are much more prevalent than 3rd person . i claim this is so not because 3rd person is unmarked , but rather , since referents of 3rd person are usually much less accessible than referents of 1st and 2nd person ( the speaker and the addressee ) . minimal forms are reserved for more accessible referents ( in general ) , hence inflections are the natural development out of free pronouns for highly accessible antecedents . you can have a look at my book ' accessing np antecedents ' , routledge , 1990 , chapter 6 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the following two respondents quote cases where logophoric and obviative marking occur attached to the verb rather than to the pronoun to which they refer . to me , it seems that these particles are not inflections as such , though i am not sure exactly how i would classify them . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - june wickboldt : jwickbol @ ucs . indiana . edu some languages having logophoric reference mark the reference with verbal affixes , not pronouns or pronominals . two are newari , see karen ebert . 1986 . reported speech in some languages of nepal . in f . coulmas ( ed . ) direct and indirect speech , berlin : mouton de gruyter , and gokana , see hyman , larry m . and bernard comrie . 1981 . logophoric reference in gokana . journal of african languages and linguistics . 3 : 19-37 . brian d joseph ( bjoseph @ magnus . acs . ohio-state . edu ) the algonquian language cree , spoken in canada , has a category known in the literature as "" obviative "" , which provides a way of distinguishing between different third-persons in a discourse ( the first one mentioned is "" proximate "" , and the next one mentioned is "" obviative "" , so cree can distinguish unambiguously between "" john met bill as he was walking down the street "" where rhe "" in english can refer to either john or bill - - in cree it would be unambiguously one or the other ) . for the most part , and this is where it is relevant to you , this marking shows up on the verb ( thus the verb form in the above sentence would be different if it was john walking or bill walking ) ; nouns can show obviative / proximate marking ( though one class , the so-called "" inanimate "" nouns do not ) , and there are proximate and obviative forms of demonstrative pronouns , but not of the personal pronouns . thus "" wi : ya "" is ' he / proximate ' as well as ' he / obviative ' . pronouns are not usually expressed in cree , but if you just look at the personal pronouns , then cree would be a language of the sort you were looking for . for that matter , these facts are similar in virtually all the algonquian languages , so it is n't just cree . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - finally , two respondents noted that independent pronouns are not necessarily marked for case in the same way as pronominal affixes . such phenomena do not seem rare to me ( e . g . arabic does the same ) . i am assuming then that such cases are not marked . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "" ellen l . contini - morava "" ( elc9j @ faraday . clas . virginia . edu ) in swahili part of the verb morphology is subject and object prefixes , that signal info . about participant role with respect to the action of the verb . this distinction is not made among independent pronouns , which distinguish only person and number . but since the subject and object prefixes in swahili are often called "" pronominal "" , i do n't know if this counts as a distinction that can't be made by pronouns . simon corston ( corston @ humanitas . ucsb . edu ) in my ma , in press in the pacific linguistics series from anu , i discuss ' ergativity in roviana ' . roviana has special pronominal forms used for absolutive ( s ( 's ubject of intr ' ) or o ( ' object ' ) ) , and different forms for a ( 's ubject of tr ' ) . the pronouns make distinctions in person , number , and incl / ecl for 1pl . there are pronominal verbal affixes on the verb which are always only o . i . e . whereas the independent prons do n't distinguish s / o , the pronominal affixes do . somewhere around here i have a brief sketch of roviana which i have been sending to people . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i found everything very interesting , and am happy to receive any more info on my query above . thanks again to those who responded ! maik gibson university of reading
",0
1183,"Subject: conference announcement
 
 content - length : 7567 2nd international conference on communication in the workplace local diversity , global connections : communication , culture and business the national languages and literacy institute of australia 's centre for workplace communication and culture at the university of technology , sydney and james cook university of north queensland , together with the national centre for english language teaching and research at macquarie university plan to present the second international conference on communication in the workplace at the wesley centre , sydney on november 8-11 , 1995 . the focus of the conference is local diversity , global connections : communication , culture and business . the conference will be divided into three interconnected themes , one theme on each of the three days . participants will be able to explore areas of special interest within and across each theme . also featuring are case studies including adi marine , infolex pty ltd , optus , selleys , uncle toby 's company ltd . below is an outline of the themes . day 1 globalisation and productive diversity globalisation : what are the new frontiers ? crossing borders and removing boundaries in the current global environment . developing cross-cultural communication skills for global corporate citizens . international business cultures : how do different national styles influence organisations ? negotiating new ways of doing business and managing human resources . total quality management and benchmarking : what do we mean by quality ? or how can the notions of quality and standards allow for difference ? balancing different interpretations of quality with the need to conform to international / australian standards . putting diversity to work : what are the benefits ? tapping into the diverse skills of employees . recognising the depths and breadth of employees ' language skills , experiences , cultural styles and ways of thinking . the language of exporting : how do we market the new global growth industries ? exporting services ( education , languages , tourism , information , arts , etc . ) to the asian pacific region and beyond . day 2 learning organisations - negotiating workplace cultures corporate cultures : how do you link personal values with corporate missions ? creating corporate cultures which allow and value differences . working in teams : which teams work and under what circumstances ? recognising different types of teams ; valuing different skills and strategies . national competencies and multiskilling : how do you recognise , compare and complement different skills and experiences ? linking education , work and community . learning and demonstrating competence in new and flexible ways . creating learning environments : under what conditions does learning thrive ? responding to community and individual needs in flexible ways . enterprise bargaining : how do you cater for differences ? learning to develop new workplace relationships . day 3 communicating and managing change communicating corporate information : what are the implications for employee participation ? developing efficient and effective communication systems . working with formal and informal modes of communication . informal and interpersonal communication : how does the way we speak and write influence working relationships and relationships with clients ? relating effectively to people . working together : how can we gain access to the language and cultural skills of a multicultural workforce ? recognising and utilising the language skills of the workforce . ( languages other than english , specialist languages , community communication networks . ) the language of marketing : how do we meet the needs of a diverse clientele ? speaking the customer 's language , niche marketing , networking and building customer relations . interactive multi-media and new information technologies : what are the implications for the way we work , learn and communicate ? managing new communications media as forms of language and cultural interaction . alternative formats , maximising participation one of the objectives of the second international conference on communication and culture in the workplace is to encourage greater participation than usually occurs at conferences . to make this possible , the conference has a number of new presentation formats , as well as the more conventional formats . - plenary presentations ( 30 mins ) where invited key experts introduce the conference themes and state-of - the-art approaches . - plenary multilogues ( 90 mins ) where an expert panel debates an issue and then opens the discussion to the audience . - small group multilogues ( 45 mins ) where you introduce a controversial proposition related to the conference themes / panel debates and open it up for further discussion in a small group . - reflections on practice ( 45 mins ) where managers , trainers , workers , trainees , teachers , administrators , community educators ' walk through ' their experiences , their practices , their community involvements , their learning-on - the-job . - engagements with practice ( 90 mins ) where presenters actively engage their audiences in activities or experiences derived from their work and interests : management processes , training activities , planning processes , client relations or marketing , evaluation . - workshops - in - partnership ( 90 mins ) where people present in partnership . partners might include : trainers , researchers , managers , administrators , business people , members of the community . workshops require active engagement of the audience in a learning experience . - paper presentations - in - partnership ( 45 mins ) a shorter version of the workshop - in - partnership , but with more of a 's how and tell ' approach , allowing 15 mins for audience questioning . - workshops ( 90 mins ) where you lead a group through a series of experiences / activities which illustrate an idea or a practice . - papers ( 45 mins ) where you present from a prepared paper to a group about your experience or your research , leaving about 15 minutes for questions and discussion . sessions will be taped , and tapes available for sale . written papers , background information on sessions , overhead transparencies etc . will be lodged with the conference secretariat and available for sale in photocopied form . the conference is expected to attract about 500 local and international participants including employers , unions , academics , industry trainers and language teachers . it will provide an opportunity for people to engage in a dialogue about the latest ideas on organisational change , communication and culture . for further information contact the nllia centre for workplace communication and culture , university of technology , sydney . po box 123 , broadway , new south wales , 2007 , australia . tel : + 61 2 330 3926 . email : d . brosnan @ mailbox . uts . edu . au
",0
1184,"Subject: call for papers : iii national linguistics conference ( mexico )
 
 * * * call for papers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * iii national linguistics conference october 16-18 , 1995 puebla , mexico the asociacion mexicana de linguistica aplicada ( amla ) and the universidad autonoma de puebla , with the participation of various other mexican institutions , are sponsoring the iii national linguistics conference to be held from the 16th to the 18th of october in puebla , pue . ( mexico ) . the congress is of necessity broad in scope since we want it to be a forum for all the linguistic research being carried out in mexico ; therefore papers are invited in all areas of linguistics ( theoretical , descriptive or applied ) as well as the inter-disciplines . however , we particularly welcome papers relevant to the mexican linguistic and sociolinguistic situation ( for example , theoretical or descriptive papers on any variety of spanish or of other languages spoken in mexico , issues of bilingualism and language contact , issues of language standarization , planning and policy ) . in addition to the regular sessions , papers are also invited for a special session on pragmatics which is being organized in preparation for the 5th international pragmatics conference which will be held in mexico city in 1996 . abstracts abstracts are invited for a 20 minute presentation followed by a 10 minute discussion period . requirements for abstracts : abstracts should be anonymous , clearly titled and 300-500 words in length . on a separate page or 3x5 card you should include the following information : 1 ) name , 2 ) title of paper , 3 ) affiliation , 4 ) mailing address , 5 ) e-mail address , 6 ) phone number . abstracts must be received by april 30 , 1995 . mail three copies to the following address : iii congreso nacional de linguistica icsyh - uap maximino avila camacho 208 72000 puebla , pue mexico or send an e-mail submission ( plain ascii ) to : coniii @ siu . cen . buap . mx notification of acceptance will be mailed out in the third week of june . registration fees : pre-registration registration ( paid before september 30th ) ( after september 30th ) general : us $ 25 . 00 us $ 50 . 00 amla members : us $ 15 . 00 us $ 30 . 00 students : us $ 10 . 00 us $ 20 . 00 time schedule : april 30 , 1995 : abstract due june 26 , 1995 : notification of acceptance sept . 30 , 1995 : pre - registration deadline october 16 , 1995 : final manuscript due - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + for further information please write to : rosa graciela montes chair , organizing committee apdo . postal 1356 72001 puebla , pue mexico rmontes @ cca . pue . udlap . mx rmontes @ siu . cen . buap . mx information about accomodations and directions to the conference will be sent in a subsequent message . amla ( asociacion mexicana de linguistica aplicada ) is an affiliate of aila ( international association for applied linguistics )
",0
1185,"Subject: german text corpora / noun taxonomy
 
 dear linguists , i am looking for german text corpora , particularly corpora that contain parsed ( or at least partially parsed ) sentences . i am also looking for databases containing information about synonymy and hyponymy relations between german nouns or other information which could be usefull to build a classification taxonomy for german nouns . thank you for help . andreas wagner
",0
1186,"Subject: t id ( aa29536 @ julius . ling . ohio-state . edu ) ; tue ,
 
 21 feb 95 10 : 05 : 20 est does anyone know of a language with the phonotactic patterns listed below ? if so , we 'd appreciate hearing about it . a language which does not allow complex onsets of the type liquid + glide , but does allow other types of onset clusters , e . g . nasal + glide . and / or a language which does not allow complex codas of the type glide + liquid , but does allow other types of coda clusters . thanks , beth hume : ehume @ julius . ling . ohio-state . edu david odden : david _ odden @ osu . edu
",0
1187,"Subject: query : fonts
 
 i am preparing a long overdue faq about fonts . if you have any information about fonts for the ibm or mac please send it to me at rreck @ emunix . emich . edu and i will see that the information is made availible to the list .
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1188,"Subject: celtic languages learning conference
 
 content - length : 3830 the 1995 conference of the north american association for celtic language teachers : saturday , 25 march 1995 krieder hall san rafael building glendale community college 1500 n . verdugo road glendale , ca 91208 glendale is a suburb of l . a . and the college is accessible north from the 134 fwy or west of the 2 fwy . it 's about 45 minutes from lax . note that there is free parking behind the college near the corner of verdugo and mountain avenue . the proposed schedule reads as follows : 9 : 30am sign in , 10 : 00-12 presentations , 12 - 1pm lunch ( various restaurants are across the street from campus ; the cafeteria will be closed as this will be during spring break ) , 1 - 3 presentations , 4pm closing , 6pm executive committee meeting . naaclt ' 95 will prove to be a day full of thought provoking presentations and an excellent opportunity to meet with other celtic language teachers . the program presently stands as follows : student motivation through journal writing in modern irish roslyn blyn ( university of pennsylvania ) dialects , speech communities and applied linguistics : a realistic approach to the teaching of irish in non-irish speaking areas james j . duran ( loyola marymount university ) teacher certification and less commonly taught languages thomas w . ihde ( bergen community college ) medieval welsh in the mid-pacific : the worksheet as interactive kathryn klingebiel ( university of hawaii - manoa ) computing in irish john t . mccranie ( san francisco state university ) the world wide web for welsh : the world ' s largest welsh classroom mark nodine and briony williams irish language oral assessment test beth ellyn o'mullan ( rutgers university ) , liam guidry and breanda / n mac liam ( brookdale community college ) celtic "" mini-courses "" zev bar - lev ( san diego state university ) call with methodical explanations gearo / id o / ne / ill and annette mcelligott ( university of limerick ) marketing a second language : the case of the scottish gaelic learning revival in ontario kara smith ( university of western ontario ) video in the irish language classroom nancy stenson ( university of minnesota ) the conference pre-registration fees are : naaclt member $ 10 , non - member $ 15 , membership & conference $ 25 ( $ 20 for students ) . ( normal membership fee is $ 15 / yr , $ 10 / yr for students ) . after 1 march 1995 the conference fees will increase by $ 5 . all concerns should be addressed to john t . mccranie at the department of computer science , san francisco state university , 1600 holloway avenue , san francisco , ca 94132 or jtm @ futon . sfsu . edu . here are some local hotels . there are several near hollywood - burbank airport ( about 17 minutes away ) , among them ramada inn , 2900 north san fernanado road , burbank 818-843 - 5955 ; holiday inn , 150 e angeleno ave , burbank 818-841 - 4770 ; and travelodge , 112 n . hollywood way , burbank 818-845 - 2408 . a little closer ( about 10 minutes away ) and with fewer frills are astro motel , 326 e . colorado blvd , glendale 818-246 - 7401 ; econo lodge , 1437 e . colorado blvd , glendale 818-246 - 8367 ; and best western , 123 w colorado blvd , glendale , 818-247 - 0111 .
",0
1189,"Subject: sum / qs : first names
 
 content - length : 2926 from wilma elsing , snail-mail elsingw @ jet . let . vu . nl dear linguist - ers ! about a week ago , i sent a query to the list , asking people to help me with the first names of authors which are mentioned in one of the papers in the book on sla research my supervisor ( prof . dr . peter jordens ) is editing . thanks everyone who took the time to respond to my query ! ( untill today i . e . bill croft , geert verleyen , shanley allen , larry trask , julia s . falk , bernd moebius , brian joseph , alice faber , peter j . bailey , stefanie jannedy , james j . jenkins , udo fries , steve harlow , michael job ) most of the ' blanks ' are filled in by now : bailey , peter cherry , e ( dward ) colin cruse , d ( avid ) alan siqueland , einar r . vigorito , james syrdal - lasky , ann polka , linda roach , daniel sendlmeier , una m . zlatin , marsha koenigsknecht , roy there are only four ' problems ' left ; we would be grateful if anyone could help us 's olve ' them ! ( if you know one or more names , please respond directly to me : elsingw @ jet . let . vu . nl ) these are the names we are still looking for : missler , r . missler , r . ( 1986 ) , "" analytic and synthetic cognitive functioning : a critical review of evidence bearing on field dependence "" , journal of research in personality 20 : 1-33 . rounds , p . l . burmeister , hartmut & p . l . rounds ( eds ) ( 1990 ) , proceedings of the 10th meeting of the second language research forum , i . eugene , or : department of linguistics and american english institute , university of oregon . doron , s . doron , s . ( 1973 ) , reflectivity - impulsivity and their influence on reading for adult students of esl [ unpublished paper , university of michigan , ann arbor kachroo , j . n . kachroo , j . n . ( 1962 ) , "" report on an investigation into the teaching of vocabulary in the first year of english "" , bulletin of he central institute of english 2 : 67-72 . there are two more questions i would like to ask : * does anybody know whether the following book has already appeared ? strange , winifred ( in press ) , speech perception and linguistic experience : theoretical and methodological issues in cross - language speech research . timonium , md : york press . * we do n't have the following book in the libraries , therefor we are not able to find the page-numbers of the following article : rizzi , luigi ( 1978 ) , "" violation of the wh-island constraint in italian and the subjacency condition "" in : colette dubuisson , david lightfoot , yves charles morin ( eds ) ( 1978 ) , montreal working papers in linguistics ii . montreal : l ' association linguistique de montreal , canada , p . . . . - . . . . thanks again for your help ! wilma elsing ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ drs . wilma elsing free university dept . of applied linguistics de boelelaan 1105 1081 hv amsterdam tel . : + 31 20 4446410 mail : elsingw @ jet . let . vu . nl ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
",0
1190,"Subject: about e . h . tuttle ( sumary )
 
 some weeks ago i posted a query about e . h . tuttle . thanks to : pier marco bertinetto karl v . teeter julia s . falk jane edwards my best regards . here are the references i received : + edwin hotchkiss tuttle ( 1879 - ? ) : 1 ) autor of : _ dravidian developements _ , philadelphia : linguistic society of america , 1930 . 2 ) foundation member of the linsuitic society of america ( in 1925 ) . + e . h . tuttle and co . : publisher located in tokyo and vermont , specialized in books on japan . existed at least into 1960s . + e . h . tuttle was probably a e . f . tuttle 's ( professor in romance linguistic , ucla ) relative . xulio sousa department of galician language university of santiago de compostela galicia spain e-mail : fgxsousa @ uscmail . usc . es
",0
1191,"Subject: addendum to coston 's object affixes
 
 in his summary of object affixes ( linguist list : vol-6 - 235 . fri 17 feb 1995 ) , simon corston observes : languages with object affixes but which lack affixes indicating other grammatical relations do occur , but would appear to be uncommon . that , however , really depends on what we mean by object affixes ( and subject affixes for that matter ) . so - called subject and object affixes fall into three types : ( i ) nonreferential / nonanaphoric agreement markers ; ( ii ) ' functionally ambiguous ' agreement markers ( i . e . functioning as both nonreferential / nonanaphoric agreement markers and anaphoric / referential markers depending on the context ) ( bresnan and mchombo 1987 ) ; and ( iii ) anaphoric or referential markers . the nuclear micronesian group provides an interesting case for the foregoing distinction . for instance , in woleaian , the subject markers are independent words , whereas the object markers are suffixes . but they are both functionally ambiguous agreement markers . in kusaiean , the subject and object markers are also independent words and suffixes , respectively . but they are all referential pronouns . for more detailed discussion of the nuclear micronesian languages see my paper : ' the verb - object bonding principle : with special reference to nuclear micronesian languages ' ( see refs below ) . if the complexity in subject and object affixes ( viz . the three types mentioned above ) is disregarded , probably corston 's observation may hold . but if only anaphoric / referential subject and object markers are taken into account , it may be a different story . in fact , in the same paper i have used a small convenience sample of 40 languages to ascertain whether the verb - object bonding principle ( as proposed in tomlin 1986 : ' a transitive verb and its object form a more cohesive , unified syntactic and semantic whole than do a transitive verb and its subject ' ) is evident in the pronominal system as well : e . g . object pronouns are more tightly bonded to the verb than subject pronouns are . the upshot of this investigation is that object pronouns ( e . g . affixes ) are more tightly bonded to the verb than subject pronouns ( e . g . independent words ) . this suggests that insofar as referential / anaphoric markers are concerned , ' languages with object affixes but which lack affixes indicating other grammatical relations ' may be crosslinguistically common , rather than uncommon . refereneces bresnan j . and s . mchombo 1987 . topic , pronoun , and agreement in chichewa . language 63 : 741-782 . givon , t . 1976 . topic , pronoun , and grammatical agreement . in subject and topic , ed . by c . n . li , pp . 149-188 . new york : academic press . tomlin , r . s . 1986 . basic word order : functional principles . london : croom helm . song , j . j . 1994 . the verb - object bonding principle : with special reference to nuclear micronesian languages . oceanic linguistics 33 . 2 ( in press ) . jae jung song university of otago new zealand
",0
1192,"Subject: asl dictionary on cd-rom
 
 my recent query concerning the new american sign language ( asl ) dictionary on cd-rom generated a substantial response , both from this list and from slling - l . i have summarized the main points of these responses below . please bear in mind that i have not seen the products in question . the dictionary reviewed on pbs is the american sign language dictionary on cd-rom by martin sternberg and is distributed by harpercollins . the following is the positive point that recurs in people 's messages : - - it is at the moment the only published asl dictionary that includes motion videos of asl signs , which serves to disambiguate unclarities in printed representations . the following are the negative points that recur in people 's messages : - - the dictionary is based too heavily on english , being essentially an english - to - asl dictionary . this both makes it hard ( at times , impossible ) to get an idea of the internal structure of the asl lexicon , and makes it less useful to native signers . ( there is , however , some categorization into semantic groups . ) there are also more specific problems arising from the failure to make asl distinctions that are not made overtly in english ( e . g . english "" lecture "" is used as a headword , while the asl equivalent is specifically a verb , not a noun ; classifiers are almost completely omitted ) . - - the dictionary is based on sternberg 's book-form dictionary of the early 1980s , and fails to take account of recent developments in the study of asl . - - there may be technical quality concerns , but since i have n't seen the product i ' m not in a position to judge . it seems to work better on more modern machines , and the mac version seems to work better than the windows version . alternatives : the following other cd-rom asl dictionary projects were drawn to my attention : - - multemedia dictionary of asl ( mm-dasl ) , release planned for summer of 1995 . this dictionary is based generally on the work of william stokoe ( who is involved in the project ) . it allows direct lookup of asl signs , incorporates recent linguistic work on asl , and is assisted by a panel of native asl users . for details , please contact sherman wilcox , university of new mexico ( wilcox @ mail . unm . edu ) . - - asl dictionary on cd-rom developed by dennis cokely at linstok press , 4020 blackburn lane , burtonsville , md 20866 , and alpha and beta tested by ken rust at madonna university , who should be contacted for further details ( rust @ smpt . munet . edu ) . thanks to : jacqueline anderson , nancy frishberg , marian macchi , mark a . mandell , joyce mcdonough , chris miller , karen mistry , becky moreton , cindy neuroth - gimbrone , steve seegmiller , mark seidenberg , barbara sensiba , dan slobin , leslie h . stennes , sherman wilcox , and the authors of the many messages that were forwarded to me from slling - l . - - bernard comrie dept of linguistics gfs-301 tel + 1 213 740 2986 university of southern california fax + 1 213 740 9306 los angeles , ca 90089-1693 , usa e-mail comrie @ bcf . usc . edu
",0
1193,"Subject: query on physical appearance of words
 
 content - length : 1535 we are a group of environmental scientists who have been pondering a question . has anyone done research on emotional responses to the * physical appearance * of words or groups of letters ? for example , ' toxic ' , 'd ioxin ' or the ' oxi ' combination . why do people have a fear of 'd ioxin ' but not ' furan ' ( another toxic chemical ) . obviously , some reaction is created by the media , but is there something else involved ? do certain combinations of letters ( e . g . ' oxi ' ) elicit an emotional response ? has anyone done research on this , or know of anyone involved with psycholinguistics or semiotics who might be familiar with this topic ? will summarize for list . thanks for any assistance . joyce lundstrom epidemiologist eti 600 stewart st , # 700 seattle , wa 98101 etilib @ halcyon . com
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1194,"Subject: shanghaihua speakers wanted
 
 content - length : 967 i am looking for speakers of shanghaihua who would be willing to answer a short questionnaire about the uses of shanghaihua and putonghua in shanghai . please contact me at awilliam @ reed . edu thanks for any assistance , ashley williams
",0
1195,"Subject: discontinuous constituency
 
 i am currently reviewing literature on the subject of discontinuous constituency and would like to get my hands on work that : 1 ) discusses some of the larger theoretical issues at stake , and / or 2 ) uses the notion of discontinuous constituency to describe languages other than english ( e . g . , amy dahlstrom 's article on discontinuous constituents in fox ) . if anyone could point me towards some references , i would be greatly appreciative . sincerely , stuart robinson reed college
",0
1196,"Subject: interim summary : anthropoid linguistic ability
 
 in linguist 5-1467 ( 18 dec . 1994 ) , i posted the following query : ) douglas h . chadwick , in his review of kanzi : the ape at the brink of the ) human mind , by sue savage - rumbaugh and roger lewin ( nytimes book review , ) dec . 11 , 1994 , pp . 15-19 ) , says , ) ) ) . . . this goes a long way toward countering the complaint that language - ) ) using apes are merely responding to cues from researchers or , at best , ) ) learning rote behavior to get rewards without really comprehending the ) ) meaning of the words they employ . . . . part of the problem is that the ) ) authors are playing by rules laid down by their critics . it was rene ) ) descartes . . . who fashioned the longstanding paradigm of animals as ) ) automatons [ sic ] , incapable of doing anything other than mindlessly ) ) responding to whatever forces impinge on them . descartes insisted that ) ) animals cannot even feel real pain or pleasure , much less understand or ) ) remember the experience . . . . in our era , this tradition has been carried ) ) on by linguistics experts equally intent on preserving language and rea - ) ) son for the exclusive use of humans . each time an ape demonstrates ei - ) ) ther ability , the linguists set about redefining language and reason in ) ) more complex and confusing ways , erecting yet more artificial barriers ) ) for primates to hurdle . ) ) excuse me , is this something i ' ve missed in my seven years of grad school ) and subsequent four years of professional activity in linguistics ? are ) we deliberately engaged in a dastardly plot to deny our anthropoid cou - ) sins their birthright ? psycholinguistics has never been one of my fortes , ) but i certainly do n't remember anything in the introductory survey cour - ) ses i ' ve taken myself or developed to teach to others anything so much as ) hinting that it is an a priori assumption of the field of linguistics ) that language is the exclusive prerogative of homo sapiens , only that ) it 's an important part of the package that defines that species . ) ) i remember enthusiastically inflated claims made back in the 50 's about ) the forseeable progress in computer technology - - predictions as to how ) quickly we would get computers that could not only converse with us in ) real time in some given human language ( default : english ) but whop any ) human being in chess as well . as all ai researchers know , it soon became ) clear that these predictions were based in part on an oversimplified ) notion of what constituted language ( if i remember correctly , some ) premises were on the level of edgar rice - burroughs ' endowing his heroes ) with a 's pectacular ability to master alien languages ' that consisted of ) an ability to memorize a dictionary ) . and i understand that many claims ) about ' ape language ' , and the rebuttals from the community of linguists , ) have been at similar levels . but it seems to me that this is quite ) different from the scenario in which the academic linguist , threatened by ) the physical anthropologist , mutters , ' hmm ; so far we ' ve felt safe with ) this definition of linguistic competence , but this chimp has mastered ) that . we ' ll have to change the definition if we want to avoid miscege - ) nation ! ' , which is apparently what chadwick is envisioning . ) ) now , i daresay there may be individual linguists who do react this way , ) just as in previous eras there were scientists who would from time to ) time redefine the standards of what constituted full humanity . or civi - ) lization , or what have you , to maintain the claim that whatever it was , ) the native peoples of africa and the western hemisphere did n't have it . ) but i certainly do n't , and i ' m not aware of any of my colleagues that ) do insist , as the sectional headline in the nyt book review has it , ' on ) keeping language and reason for humans alone ' ( i ' m also a little be - ) mused at this conflation of language and reason ; language has never ) struck me as an entirely ' rational ' process ) , much less that , as chadwick ) and , by derivation , said headline imply , that as a professional class we ) are unanimous in doing so . ) ) i ' m considering writing a letter to the editor to complain about this ; if ) anybody else has already done so , please let me know . but what i really ) want to know is , what is the current general consensus ( if there is one ) of ) the field on this subject ? are the claims in the savage - rumbaugh & lewin ) book anent kanzi 's linguistic ability valid ? or is some further clari - ) fication in order ? is it just that some researchers in this area have ) a ( perhaps understandable ) chip on their shoulder ? or is there a real ) conflict between theoretical linguists on the one hand and physical an - ) thropologists and primatologists on the other on this subject ? first of all , david pesetsky did write a letter to the new york times , which was published in the dec . 25 issue of the times book review , and i refer all interested parties to it ( for some reason , i can't find my copy at the moment ) . secondly , i 'd like to thank the following scholars who got in touch with me over the holidays to discuss this issue , discussion to be summarized below : john h . chalmers ( non12 @ cyber . net ) dick hudson ( uclrah @ ucl . ac . uk ) massimo piattelli - palmarini ( piattem @ dipsco . hsr . it ) tom j . pulju ( pulju @ ricevm1 . rice . edu ) harold schiffman ( haroldfs @ u . washington . edu ) discussion proceeded along two logically distinct questions : ( 1 ) what is currently the most accurate assessment of the ' linguistic performance ' , ( and , by inference , linguistic ability ) of the anthropoids ? ( 2 ) why are such people as the gardners , savage - rumbaugh , chadwick , etc . so irritated at us ? on the first question , all of my respondents , as well as david pesetsky , seem to be agreed that the most impressive ' linguistic ' performance of chimps and gorillas reported in the literature is at a level roughly equi - valent to that of a human child of approximately two years of age , but that the anthropoids seem to be unable to develop beyond that stage . in particular , they show no evidence for syntactic structure , nor for any ability to distance themselves temporally or spatially from the referents of their statements . i received statements such as the following : ' the most successful of the apes have managed to reach more or less the level of children in the two-word utterance stage . the size of the lexi - con is about the same , as is the combinatory ability . ' ' the apes master a refined system of communication , and are capable of some abstract thinking , but lack the very fundamentals of human language ( recursiveness , structure-dependency , parsing into constituents , etc . ) . ' ' the chimps mostly have a lexicon , and a rudimentary syntax that lets them distinguish between actor and patient , but that 's about all . . . . the chimps ( a ) have no morphology to speak of ( b ) can't use displacement of the message ( i . e . , can't talk about the past or future , or something that happens / ed in another location ) ' [ at a venture , i would guess that they can't handle contrafactuals either . ] ' it is claimed that the ape "" utterances "" lack grammaticality or syntax . the apes can make the correct symbolic associations , but have no sense of grammatical patterning . in two and three "" word "" sentences , the order of the elements is variable and each element maybe repeated any number of times in any order and independently of the rest ( sequences like give banana give kanzi kanzi banana kanzi give , etc . ) ' one of my respondents , partly on the basis of hanns own occasionally frus - trating experiences resulting from the geographical proximity of an insti - tution presumably devoted to the 's tudy ' of anthropoid language , made some critical statements about the scientific methodology of some of this research . in particular , after referring to hockett 's 16 'd esign fea - tures ' of language , hann remarks : ' the proponents ' claim that [ chimps ] do have cultural transmission , because washo taught her son , does n't bear up under much scrutiny ; washo had to be rewarded to learn every sign and her son has not learned as many , nor passed them on to any other chimp . i see what the chimps learned as the equivalent of a pidgin ; but creoliza - tion never took place . ' which implies ( 1 ) that anthropoid ' language ' ac - tually corresponds to the skinnerian model refuted by chomsky in his fa - mous review as regards human language and ( 2 ) that it is not sufficiently ' natural ' to the anthropoids for them to feel motivated to transmit it successfully . some of my respondents addressed some of the wider theoretical and metho - dological issues relevant to linguistics implicit in this discussion . one opined ' that some dismissal of ape language research is partly , and unconsciously , motivated by a turf-protection instinct . we ' re all alrea - dy uneasy about the fact that there are certain subfields of linguistics whose importance we acknowledge but which we ' re not personally terribly well-versed in . . . . i think many theoretical linguists breathed a sigh of relief when terrace announced that [ the chimp ] nim had n't really learned human language at all . it meant that they did n't have to worry about mo - difying their theories to fit ape language data . ' another said , ' most linguists do n't really care ( at least not consciously ) about whether apes can learn language as such , but they do care deeply about whether lan - guage is "" sui generis "" and innate or not . . . . as far as linguists are concerned , we ' re divided over chomsky 's claim that language is a geneti - cally-programmed module , rather than an area of knowledge which is han - dled by general cognition . if apes can't learn language at all , that supports the chomskyan view ( which presumably involves some cataclysmic mutation say 100 , 000 years ago , or at least since we split off from the other primates ) . if they can learn some of it , we have evidence for ge - neral cognition ( where apes are presumably less well endowed than us , so you 'd expect partial success ) . ' in further discussion we agreed that this argument only held if we accept a 's trong ' version of the relevant dichotomy implicit in the innateness hypothesis , according to which human linguistic ability is overwhelmingly if not completely independent of general human cognition . i pointed out that even if chimps are demonstrably distinct from us on a genetic level they still share over 98 % of our dna . so even if they share some of our linguistic ability it might mean that they also share some of the distinc - tive genetic endowment that provides it . a more effective test would be on cetaceans or pachyderms , which are nowhere as nearly related to us as chimps are but which appear to have roughly comparable cognitive levels . if they also share a certain amount of our linguistic ability , that would indicate that at least that amount is probably dependent more on general cognitive ability than on any specific genetic endowment . if chimps , dolphins , elephants , whatever , can't master human language but have other modes of communication * not isomorphic * with ours but of * comparable com - plexity and flexibility * , then this would give us the opportunity to stu - dy how much of human language is necessary to the general phenomenon of language and how much is incidental and of relevance only to our species ; it might also enable us to talk about the ' innateness ' of human linguistic ability in terms that would not be offputting to geneticists . on the second question , the basis for the irritation towards academic lin - guists on the part of the proponents of anthropoid language , there was some consensus that they were working with an overly simplistic concep - tion of what constitutes language , and were offended that we refused to share it . typical were the following remarks : ' all the [ proponents ] of animal language , and of its continuity with hu - man language , assume that human natural languages simply * are * the result of communication and use . . . . the basic design of human languages is * not * dictated by use , and we can easily conceive of species that would possess a * radically * different design for language and would communicate just as well , if not better . ' ' the gardners et al . have an extremely elementary grasp of what is real language . they think that if they have a lexicon and bare syntax , that 's all there is . their other argument , that the apes have "" real "" sign lan - guage , is also pitiful . . . . the approach trivializes both oral languages and sign languages . ' there was , however , some acknowledgment that some of the ' blame ' for this state of affairs belongs on our doorstep . the ' trivialization ' just men - tioned was claimed to be due at least in part to inadequacies in state - ments by linguists in the 50 's and 60 's . one respondent in particular pointed to an inveterate tendency to try to identify a single , defining , characteristic as the sine qua non of human linguistic ability , rather than accepting the fact that such important distinctions are often proper - ly made on the basis of mosaics of characteristics . in particular , much research in anthropoid ' language ' has apparently focussed on the ability of chimps and gorillas to coin novel expressions , unanticipated by their human teachers / handlers , on the basis of a finite number of memorized ' lexemes ' and some basic combinatorial principles . this effort has suppo - sedly been motivated by early assertions by academic linguists that what distinguishes human language from all other forms of animal communication is its creative ability . when the gardners , etc . , demonstrate that their apes are capable of similar creativity and we then say , ' very nice but that 's not language ' , they are understandably miffed . in response to this , i think what is necessary is greater tact , humility , and honesty on all our parts . we need to admit up front that we ( or our predecessors ) have oversimplified in the past , and give credit to the ape researchers for helping to elucidate the issues . and we need to make it clear that what chimps , gorillas , and two-year - old humans share is in some sense a * rudimentary * linguistic ability , but not equivalent to what adult humans do . in short , we need to increase everybody 's awareness of the inherent rich - ness and complexity of human linguistic behaviour , which to my mind means we need to devote more time and energy to introductory courses in general linguistics ! harold schiffman reports some encouraging success in this direction with a course on linguistic anthropology at the university of washington . further discussion on the issues raised here is welcome , either in perso - nal communication with me or in general discussion on the list . i hope in the not too distant to be able to post a short list of references to published literature on this subject . best , steven - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dr . steven schaufele 712 west washington urbana , il 61801 217-344 - 8240 fcosws @ prairienet . org * * * * o syntagmata linguarum liberemini humanarum ! * * * * * * nihil vestris privari nisi obicibus potestis ! * * *
",0
1197,"Subject: summary : "" grasshopper mind ""
 
 short answer : "" grasshopper mind "" is british english , not japanese - english . summary answer : thanks to those linguist readers who responded to my query ( 5 . 1431 , 94 / 12 / 11 ) about "" grasshopper mind , "" an expression that is entered into kenkyusha 's japanese - english and english - japanese dictionaries ( 1974 , 1980 ) and roget 's thesaurus ( 1982 ) , but apparently not found in any monolingual english dictionaries . the respondents , in alphabetical order , were : deborah milam berkley , marie egan , ted harding , steven schaufele , steve seegmiller , todd sieling , and stephen p . spackman . the inquiry asked four questions : ) do other english language reference works enter "" the grasshopper mind "" ? ) is it a varietal or dialectal term ? when was it first recorded ? are ) there analogous "" grasshoppery "" words in other languages ? ( 1 ) looking up "" grasshopper mind "" in english dictionaries is a lexicographical dead end . i ' ve checked dozens - - including old and new , standard and slang , uk and us , - - and not one enters it . some larger dictionaries record a derogatory sense of _ grasshopper _ ; e . g . , the new shorter oxford english dictionary ( 1993 ) : "" 2 . _ fig . _ a person held to resemble a grasshopper in character or behaviour ; an inconstant , flighty , or frivolous person . l16 . "" and the near-synonym "" grasshopper brain "" is webster 's third new international dictionary ( 1971 ) usage example for _ grasshopper _ meaning 3 . 2 "" light and frivolous : untouched by care for the future . "" ( 2 ) harding definitively answers the second question : ) "" grasshopper mind "" is well-known standard uk english usage . to say ) someone "" has a grasshopper mind "" means that their focus of attention ) jumps unpredictably from subject to random subject . none of the other respondents , including three widely-dispersed speakers of american english ( berkley , egan , seegmiller ) , had seen or heard this collocation , but all agreed they could readily understand what it means . in terms of _ grasshopper _ meaning ' frivolous , careless , ' the semantics of "" grasshopper mind "" are fairly self-explanatory . ( 3 ) dating the "" grasshopper mind "" coinage is moot . harding says : ) i ' m sure it 's not particularly recent in origin . . . . i ' m pretty sure it ) must be possible to trace early uses of the phrase "" grasshopper mind . "" sieling suggests checking aesop 's "" the ant and the grasshopper , "" and funk & wagnalls new standard dictionary ( 1913 ) defines _ grasshoppering _ as : "" 1 . an unsettled and unsteady course of life ; improvident living : from the fable of the grasshopper and the ant . "" ( 4 ) "" grasshopper mind "" has cross-linguistic analogues . schaufele describes it as : ) like all those complex words in german that you can't find in ) any dictionary but which are crafted for the nonce by completely ) productive strategies and are perfectly understandable to any ) reasonably-intelligent speaker of the language ( i had to coin one ) of these myself the other day , ' lehrgangsprotokoll ' , to mean what ) we mean here by a 's chool transcript ' ) . spackman thinks "" grasshopper mind "" reads like a loan translation of a foreign expression , and mentions an interesting ojibwa calque : ) the phrase "" fire stick "" which has been given in novels and movies ) to ignorant american natives is apparently a literal , morpheme-by - ) morpheme translation of the ojibwa word for a gun . except for one ) thing : it 's not stupid . "" fire "" here translates "" launch a projectile "" ) and "" stick "" is the classifier for a rigid rod . "" rigid projectile ) launcher "" is not so snappy , but a rather tighter word than "" gun "" ) do n't you think ? the semantically transparent "" grasshopper mind "" reveals a lexicographical gap between english dictionaries published in the united states and the united kingdom . while unknown to most american anglophones and familiar to many uk anglophones , lexicographers have overlooked this metaphor for orthopterous mentality . modern lexicography is benefiting from computerized corpora and machine-readable dictionaries . for instance , searching for adjectival _ grasshopper _ + noun combinations in cobuilddirect 's on-line corpus ( direct @ cobuild . collins . co . uk ) reveals three occurrences of "" grasshopper mind , "" two of "" grasshopper warbler , "" and one each of "" grasshopper leap , "" "" weather , "" and "" nijinsky . "" many dictionaries enter _ grasshopper warbler _ ( locustella naevia , characterized by its buzzing call ) but none _ grasshopper mind _ . further research is necessary . any information about this expression 's historical origins or distributional usages ( seegmiller asks about australian english ) would be gratefully welcomed . michael carr , otaru university of commerce , otaru 047 japan email carr @ canal . otaru-uc . ac . jp fax 81 + ( 0 ) 134-22 - 0467
",0
1198,"Subject: software for an experimental mt system
 
 hi subscribers of linguist list , information and software of the experimental mt system of the project kit-fast from the technical university of berlin is now available via www and ftp . the information below is available via www : http : / / www . cs . tu-berlin . de / ~ ww / mtsystem . html this www document contains all hypertext links , which are relevant in order to get the software , documentation and further information . the experimental mt system is implemented in prolog and running on at compatible pc as well as sun workstations ( see below ) . the experimental mt system of the project kit-fast = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = an experimental mt system has been developed and implemented by the project fast within the project group kit . the transfer-based experimental mt system translates german texts into english sentence by sentence . the translation of a sentence consists of morphological , syntactical , semantical and conceptual analysis , transfer , generation and morphological synthesis . the semantic and conceptual analysis , the transfer as well as the generation is realized by one algorithm on the basis of term-rewriting ( known from the automatic provement of equations ) . a module for the evaluation of anaphoric relations of the source language and the kl-one based knowledge representation system back are components of the mt system . the back system is used for the representation of background knowledge in its tbox and of the text content in its abox . the evaluation algorithm uses the representation of the text content in order to check the semantic consistency of possible antecedents for anaphoric pronouns . this factor and others are defined as parameters for the evaluation algorithm . the components of the mt system + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + o morphological analyser based on the sutra system o gpsg parser for direct interpretation of id rules , lp statements and metarules o term-rewrite rule interpreter for semantic and conceptual analysis , transfer and generation o morphological synthesizer based on the sutra system o module for the evaluation of anaphoric relations o the knowledge representation system back o tools for the development of lexicons , grammars and term-rewrite systems linguistic data + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + linguistic data was developed in order to translate a german text , which is "" the proposal of the european commission for the esprit programme "" . about 100 sentences were successfully tested with the help of the mt system . the linguistic data comprises : o a german grammar ( gpsg ) : - 22 main categories , 34 features - 22 aliases - 76 id rules - 23 lp statements - 5 metarules - 23 fcrs - 265 lexical entries ( stem forms ) o 134 term-rewrite rules for semantic analysis ( german ) o 37 term-rewrite rules for conceptual analysis ( german ) o 248 term-rewrite rules for transfer ( german - - ) english ) o 182 term-rewrite rules for generation ( english ) o 8 factors for the evaluation of anaphoric relations in german : 1 . agreement 2 . binding 3 . proximity 4 . preference for the semantic subject 5 . topic preference 6 . identity of roles 7 . negative preference for free adjuncts 8 . conceptual consistency o the predefined background knowledge comprises selectional restrictions implementation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + the mt system is implemented in quintus - prolog 3 . 1 ( commercial software ) and swi - prolog 1 . 9 . 5 ( public domain software ) . both prolog dialects are running on sun workstations under sunos and at compatible pcs under dos ( windows 3 . 1 ) . the mt system is tested for quintus - and swi - prolog under sunos and under swi - prolog under windows 3 . 1 and needs about 10 mb of hard disk space . in order to get the software for the mt system running on at compatible pcs under dos ( windows 3 . 1 ) see http : / / www . cs . tu-berlin . de / ~ ww / mtdos . html . if you are interested in receiving the software for the mt system for sun workstations under sunos see http : / / www . cs . tu-berlin . de / ~ ww / mtsun . html . documents related to the mt system + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + o birte schmitz , susanne preu _ , christa hauenschild "" textreprdsentation und hintergrundwissen f | r die anaphernresolution im maschinellen \ bersetzungssystem kit-fast "" kit - report 93 , institute for software and theoretical cs , technical university of berlin 1992 and in : m . kohrt , ch . k | per ( eds . ) , "" probleme der \ bersetzungswissenschaft "" , working papers in linguistics , department for linguistics , technical university of berlin 1991 , p . 39-81 o christa hauenschild "" anapherninterpretation in der maschinellen \ bersetzung "" kit - report 94 , institute for software and theoretical cs , technical university of berlin 1992 and zeitschrift f | r literaturwissenschaft und linguistik 84 ( 1991 ) , vandenhoeck & ruprecht , p . 50-66 o susanne preu _ , birte schmitz , christa hauenschild "" anaphora resolution based on semantic and conceptual knowledge "" in : susanne preu _ , birte schmitz , "" workshop on textrepresentation and domain modelling - ideas from linguistics and ai "" , kit - report 97 , institute for software and theoretical cs , technical university of berlin 1992 , p . 1-13 o wilhelm weisweber "" transfer in machine translation by non - confluent term - rewrite systems "" proceedings of the gwai-89 , eringerfeld 1989 , p . 264-269 o wilhelm weisweber , christa hauenschild "" a model of multi - level transfer for machine translation and its partial realization "" kit - report 77 , institute for software and theoretical cs , technical university of berlin 1990 and to appear in : proceedings of the seminar "" computers & translation ' 89 "" , tiflis 1989 o wilhelm weisweber "" term - rewriting as a basis for a uniform architecture in machine translation "" proceedings of the coling-92 , nantes 1992 , p . 777-783 and extended version in kit - report 101 , institute for software and theoretical cs , technical university of berlin 1992 o christa hauenschild , stephan busemann "" a constructive version of gpsg for machine translation "" in : erich steiner , paul schmidt , cornelia zellinsky - wibbelt ( eds . ) , "" from syntax to semantics - insights from machine translation "" , frances pinter , london 1988 , p . 216-238 o wilhelm weisweber "" ein dominanz - chart - parser f | r generalisierte phrasenstrukturgrammatiken "" kit - report 45 , institute for software and theoretical cs , technical university of berlin 1987 o wilhelm weisweber , susanne preu _ "" "" direct parsing with metarules proceedings of the coling-92 , nantes 1992 , p . 1111-1115 and extended version in kit - report 102 , institute for software and theoretical cs , technical university of berlin 1992 o wilhelm weisweber "" termersetzung als basis f | r eine einheitliche architektur in der maschinellen sprach | bersetzung "" sprache un information band 28 , niemeyer , t | bingen 1994 o wilhelm weisweber "" the experimental mt system system of the project kit-fast "" proceedings of the international conference "" machine translation : ten years on "" , cranfield 1994 , p . 12 . 1-12 . 19 user and system documentation : o wilhelm weisweber "" implementierungs - und benutzerhandbuch des experimentellen berliner m \ - systems "" kit - report 116 , institute for software and theoretical cs , technical university of berlin 1994 the list of available kit reports can be found at http : / / www . cs . tu-berlin . de / ~ kit / reportliste / kitlistehtml . html . further information + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + wilhelm weisweber technical university of berlin department of computer sciences institute for software and theoretical computer sciences ( isti ) functional and logic programming ( flp ) sekr . : fr 6-10 franklinstr . 28 / 29 d-10587 berlin - charlottenburg federal republic of germany fon : + 49-30 - 314-73608 fax : + 49-30 - 314-73622 e - mail : ww @ cs . tu-berlin . de www : http : / / www . cs . tu-berlin . de / ~ ww /
",0
1199,"Subject: language policy
 
 admittedly , i ' m coming in on the middle of this discussion , having missed the earlier messages . however , i was struck by m . hale 's disturbing feelings about "" references to such ( non-linguistic ) issues as "" citizenship "" and "" ethnicity "" "" . how can you manage a language planning project without taking into consideration such non-linguistic factors , in addition to a study of language attitudes , government policies past and present , language of education and social mobility , etc . etc . ? and something else to think about perhaps . . . while the language planner ( s ) might not favor legal restrictions outright , the legal promotion of a language or languages , which seems like the opposite course , could actually lead to unofficial restrictions of the other language ( s ) . someone mentioned the case of spanish and english in the us . last week i heard a radio ( npr ? ) news report that some monolingual english speakers can't find work in the miami area because they do n't speak spanish ( the report was in reference to a politician 's support of making english the official language of the us ) . at a national / federal level , one could argue that spanish is a minority language ; at a local / city level , one could argue that it is not . do we have here a case of the promotion of spanish leading to unofficial restrictions on english - speakers , at least at a city level , in terms of employment opportunities ? my point is that the definition of "" minority language "" is going to depend on the specific situation . i am currently involved in a small-scale language planning project ( in the capacity of director ) and the toughest decisions i come across have to do with the "" non-linguistic "" factors : the people , the emotions , the feelings and the ideas they have towards the other people who do n't speak their language . even a small project is extremely complex . deborah du bartell , ph . d . linguistics program edinboro university of pennsylvania edinboro , pa 16444 usa 814-732 - 2736
",0
1200,"Subject: words that are their own op
 
 regarding words that are their own opposites i ' ve thought of an example - the word 's hame ' in aboriginal english and standard australian english . for example , in the paul kelly ( standard australian english ) song , "" special treatment "" he describes an aboriginal boy who has had his family 's history hidden from him ( pushed off land , put in chains , children stolen etc etc ) as "" i was raised in shame "" . this is a negative description - he was made to feel bad about himself . in alice springs aboriginal english , being brought up with shame would be the ' right way ' to be brought up . having ' no shame ' indicates the wrong behaviour in the circumstances , that 's when you should feel bad about yourself ! this 's hift ' in meaning is due to the substrate languages having a word that people translate into 's hame ' in english , when that 's not exactly what is meant , eg ' apure ' , eastern arrernte , and ' kurnta ' in warlpiri . this has been discussed by jean harkins in the australian journal of linguistics , and in her book "" into another world "" . so . . . what does it mean to be shameless ? sue morrish , teacher linguist , institute for aboriginal development , alice springs northern territory , australia 0870 .
",0
1201,"Subject: 
 
 discourse levinsohn , stephen h . ; discourse features of ten languages of west-central africa ; pb . ; isbn : 0-88312 - 619 - 2 ; ix , 241pp . ; $ 30 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics and university of texas arlington . twelve contributers describe discourse features of ten niger - congo and chadic languages of cameroon and bordering countries , using data that includes folktales and other narratives . discussions include how coherence is maintained , participant reference , and markers of prominence and backgrounding . internet : academic . books @ sil . org discourse ; africa pragmatics rudanko , juhani . 1993 . pragmatic approaches to shakespeare . essays on othello , coriolanus and timon of athens . lanham , new york and london : the university press of america . field : pragmatics and its application to literature . the book develops methods of linguistic pragmatics that can , it is suggested , be applied to the study of dramatic dialogue in three shakespearean tragedies . as far as othello is concerned , the methods applied include topic analysis and case grammar analysis , the latter applied to soliloquies ; in the case of coriolanus there is a focus on speech act analysis , and as for timon of athens , it is proposed that politeness theory sheds light on themes of the play . it is argued that the practical application of methods of linguistic pragmatics contributes to a better understanding of the three plays as dramatic works of art and also leads to the further refinement of the methods themselves as tools of analysis . syntax the malfrfpirannssknir ( linguist research ) series : volume i : fridrik magnusson : kjarnafaersla og tad-innskot i aukasetningum i islensku ( topicalization and tad-insertion in subordinate clauses in icelandic ) . prize : usd 14 . the main theme of this work is a study on topicalization and tad-insertion in icelandic , the author giving a great many examples to support his theory . he works whitin the generative tradition , and begins the book with an introducion on generative grammar and x ' - theory . he also examines word order in icelandic and related languages and the methods of describing it . volume ii : eirikur rognvaldsson : um ordarod og faerslur i islensku ( on word order and movement in icelandic ) . prize : usd 14 . the author 's main subject is positional transformations in icelandic . he begins by giving an account of the basic structure of icelandic sentences , and then turns to movement , topicalization , extraposition , indefinite subject-shift , and indefinite np - shift . finally , he examines the role of movement and its constraints . to order the books from malfrfpirannssknir ( linguist research ) series , please write to : institute of linguistics university of iceland arnagardur v / sudurgotu 101 reykjavik iceland e-mail : malvis @ rhi . hi . is
",0
1202,"Subject: 
 
 lang acquisition the malfrfpirannssknir ( linguist research ) series volume iii : sigridur sigurjonsdottir : spurnarsetningar i mali tveggja islenskra barna ( the interrogative in the speech of two icelandic children ) . prize : usd 16 . this is an account of research on the development of interogative sentences in the speech of two icelandic children from the age of two to three and a half . a number of conclusions are drawn , among them the observation that the first questions of icelandic children begin with "" viltu "" 'd o you want to ' and usually function as requests . phonology & phonetics chitoran , ioana & ayako tsuchida ( eds . ) , working papers of the cornell phonetics laboratory no . 9 1994 283pp . paperbound cost : $ 11 . 00 ( prepaid ) papers by j . alcantara , i . chitoran , a . c . cohn & k . lockwood , k . de jong , j . - i . han , h . kim & a . jongman , r . letterman , a . tsuchida , d . zec on a variety of topics in phonetics , phonology , and interface issues . for further information on the contents of this and other dmll publications and how to order , please contact dmll publications at books @ plab . dmll . cornell . edu . the malfrfpirannssknir ( linguist research ) series volume iv : petur helgason : on coarticulation and connected speech processes in icelandic . usd 11 . written in english . the author examines the pronunciation of connected speech , including the assimilations and elisions currently taking place in icelandic . to order the books from malfrfpirannssknir ( linguist research ) series , please write to : institute of linguistics university of iceland arnagardur v / sudurgotu 101 reykjavik iceland e-mail : malvis @ rhi . hi . is
",0
1203,"Subject: references on formal description of discourse
 
 content - length : 1242 a student of mine who is not on the net is looking for references on formal , systematized description of discourse and dialogs ( tours de parole etc . ) , that would go ` ` beyond levison 's work ' ' ( his words ) to use in an automatic analyzer for political discourse . as his topic is rather out of our local waters ( syntax and parsing ) , i 'd appreciate any help you can provide . please answer to me directly ( walther @ uni2a . unige . ch ) and i ' ll post a summary . thanks , catherine walther u . of geneva
",0
1204,"Subject: font for vietnamese
 
 hello . i am looking for a font that will write in vietnamese on a macintosh . if anyone has heard of such a thing , please let me know the details as to how i might obtain it . thank you . andrew talle northwestern university
",0
1205,"Subject: quichua info ?
 
 hi there . i will be in quito from march 23 to april 2 and would like information on quichua . i am particularly interested in native language instruction movements and quichuan spanish . does anybody have contacts ? krbruna
",0
1206,"Subject: sum : function words
 
 i . the question and its motivation three weeks ago or so , i asked linguist readers to help me find examples of function words with unusually specific meanings . this was meant to elicit examples that i could mention in a paper called "" the formal semantics of grammaticalization "" , where i discuss what happens to the meaning of a content morpheme that develops into a function morpheme . i argue there , developing work by other semanticists / logicians , that ( 1 ) function morphemes do have meanings ( contrary to a widespread assumption ) . just consider that the meanings of quantifiers , tense , aspect , modals , etc . are the bread and butter of us working semanticists . ( 2 ) there is a class of "" logical "" meanings that have certain formal properties ( permutation-invariance , high types ) . ( 3 ) unfortunately , there is no perfect correlation between logical meanings and functional morphemes . there are lexical / content morphemes with ( almost ) logical meanings ( adjectives "" same "" , "" mere "" , "" alleged "" , verbs "" deny "" , "" believe "" , nouns "" majority "" , etc . ) . and there might be functional morphemes with non-logical meanings ( hence the linguist query ) . ( 4 ) thus there is not much that we can say about what happens to the meaning of a morpheme that is becoming grammaticalized . although i make some presumably doomed efforts . the finished paper ( which is based on a talk i gave at the nels 25 workshop on language change ) will appear in the nels 25 proceedings ( to be available from the glsa at umass amherst , glsa @ linguist . umass . edu ) . the paper is downloadable by anonymous ftp from the following url : ftp : / / broca . mit . edu / pub / fintel / gramma . ps i would welcome any comments . ii . some of the responses : mark robert hale ( hale1 @ alcor . concordia . ca ) wrote : ) the reference [ to the pejorative pronouns "" you shit "" ] ) is samuel elbert 's grammar of ) rennellese / bellona , "" echo of a culture : a grammar ) of rennell and bellona "" , uhawaii press 1988 ) [ oceanic linguistics special publication no . 22 ] . ) ) a few interesting cases of ) grammaticalization of a somewhat relevant ) type do exist . in micronesian languages ) there are a set of verbal affixes for ) directionality ( up , down , towards speaker , ) towards hearer , towards some third ) party [ the usual deixis system ] ) which ) also include "" toward the open ocean "" ) and "" toward the lagoon "" ; whereas ( of course ) ) if you want to say "" toward john 's house "" ) ( or some other nonce collocation ) ) you need to use a pp . ) ) similar , but probably not similar enough , ) is the bizarre use of the cardinal directionals ) in icelandic documented in a classic paper ) by einar haugen ( i can dig up the reference ) if you really want it ) . it seems like , being ) predominantly coastal inhabitants , and having ) a rather uneven fjorded coastline , to go ) to a city which was north of you actually ) involved heading out in a southerly ) direction ( all that time ) . ( or , if you ) lived on the north coast , going south ) frequently involved your walking north ) or northeast . . . ) . the system ended up totally ) screwed up , as i recall ( it 's been some ) time since i read the article - - hoski ) thrainsson at harvard would probably know ) the relevant facts [ thrainss @ fas . harvard . edu ] ) , ) when the cardinal directions were grammaticalized ) with inverse force from their original ) semantics with verbs of motion ( or some ) such thing ) . ) ) the "" river names "" case is supposed to salishan . ) maybe sally thomason will respond to your ) linguist posting , otherwise you might write ) to her ( sally @ pogo . isp . pitt . edu ) . although ) the salish speakers she 's actually working ) with are land-bound , she 's done some historical ) salishan and probably knows the basic facts . ) ) the only other case i can think may not be ) all that relevant , either , i guess , but it 's ) kind of interesting nonetheless . in ho - min ) sohn 's "" woleaian reference grammar "" , i suspect ) in the discussion of noun incorporation ) ( but possibly elsewhere ) , he states that ) bare n objects obligatorily incorporate ) ( so ' i eat fish ' is ungrammatical , one has ) to say ' i fish-eat ' - - this is generally ) true with micronesian transitive clauses ; ) i ' ve written about it 's history ) . definite ) np objects cannot incorporate ( * i the-fish eat ) . ) nor can n 's that are modified by anything ) ( so ' i eat big fish ' is fine , in spite of ) the fact that ' i eat fish ' is garbage - - clearly ) a structural constraint : only heads can ) incorporate ) . anyway , "" doctor "" cannot ) incorporate under any circumstances , because ) there 's only ever been one doctor on woleai ! ) so it 's inherently specific , as it were . ) [ woleai is an atoll , population ca . 250 . ] ) like i said , maybe not directly relevant , ) but kinda cute . . . david gil ( ellgild % nusvm . bitnet @ mitvma . mit . edu ) wrote : ) i can think of so many examples of what you ' re looking for that ) i suspect there 's some terminological confusion . ) ) classifiers . they ' re about as idiosyncratic and as contentful ) as you 'd like - - but their uses are clearly functional . arguably ) so when in "" numeral classifier "" position , more clearly so when ) functioning as nominalizers ( eg . clf john saw , meaning "" the one ) john saw "" ) , ligatures / relativizers ( eg . movie clf john saw , ) meaning "" the movie which john saw "" , or articles ( eg . clf movie , ) meaning "" the movie "" ) . ( i ' m presently working on the syntax ) and semantics of these constructions in se asian languages . ) ) ) then , pronouns . i do n't know of any "" you shit "" examples , but ) in se asian languages pronouns come with all sorts of idiosyncratic ) and culture-bound "" honorific "" content . ) ) i could go on . . . hala 's z sa ' ndor ( halasz @ kewszeg . norden1 . com ) wrote : ) are the old germanic prepozitions enough for you : "" benorth "" , "" beeast "" , ) . . . ? i believe that in iceland they yet are found . old english had a ) bunch of words besides these that were adj 's that also behaved as ) prep 's ; the one left is "" near "" , but on the other hand "" du "" was pickd ) up : "" the honor du me "" , "" tomorrow this is du "" . it sumtimes seems to me ) that in old germanic the prep 's were an open class , with rules for ) making one from adj 's or other words . "" randy j . lapolla "" ( hslapolla @ ccvax . sinica . edu . tw ) wrote : ) in the qiang languages ( tibeto - burman family , sino - tibetan stock ) ) there are systems of verb prefixes that refer to geographic landmarks ) such as "" towards the river "" , "" toward the mountian "" , aside from ) "" normal "" references such as "" towards the speaker "" , etc . most ) interesting is that these prefixes also mark achievement vs . state , ) and also perfective vs . imperfective . lee hartman ( ga5123 @ siucvmb . siu . edu ) wrote : ) the following is probably not exactly what you are looking for , ) but it does bear some similarity to your example of ) prepositions that refer to the nearby river . ) indonesian has four words for north , south , east , and west , ) - - al monomorphemic so far as i know . but northeast and northwest are ) respectively _ timur laut _ and _ barat laut _ , ) literally east sea west sea ) ( southeast is _ tenggara _ - - monomorphemic ? - - ) and i have n't yet found a southwest . ) thank you all for your very interesting comments . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - kai von fintel dept . of linguistics & philosophy mit , cambridge , ma 02139 email : fintel @ mit . edu http : / / broca . mit . edu / fintel . home . html
",0
1207,"Subject: sum : lang . www sites
 
 content - length : 1197 dear linguist 's : i recently asked for language / linguistics - related www sites . i have incorporated those i received into my homepage at the following url : http : / / www . scs . unr . edu : 80 / homepage / kristina / kristina . html i am posting the url rather than the list of sites to save bandwidth . if anyone would like the list itself , let me know and i ' ll e-mail you the html page . i would like to thank the following people who responded and sent url 's : diane penkoff fred riley oesten dahl jelly julia de jong bruno tersago tony sardinha j . k . ( anko ) wiegel kimmo koskenniemi alexandra klein alex eulenberg micheal palmer svein lie remi jolivet heidi shetzer karin stromswold debra occhi caoimhin p . odonnaile stanley g . goertzen jussi karlgren louis janus sabine geldof dr . manfred immler _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ kristina harris | the mathematics center - 085 | ( 702 ) 784-4433 kristina @ math . unr . edu | university of nevada , reno | fax ( 702 ) 784-1080 * www : http : / / www . scs . unr . edu : 80 / unr / arts-n - science / math-center / mathctr . html * * my homepage is http : / / www . scs . unr . edu : 80 / homepage / kristina / kristina . html *
",0
1208,"Subject: sum : more discussion of human and non-human language
 
 content - length : 18462 there 's been a fair amount of discussion about language among non-humans , both publicly on linguist and privately with me , since my previous summa - ry in linguist 6-28 . i have already posted to linguist a bibliographical list , broadcast in linguist 6-195 ; here follows a summary of some of the main points that have come up in discussion . first of all , i 'd like to thank the following people who posted messages to me personally : dan alford , a . k . a . moonhawk ( dalford @ s1 . csuhayward . edu ) celso alvarez - caccamo ( lxalvarz @ udc . es ) rachel lagunoff ( ihw1009 @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu ) dorothy hinshaw patent ( doropatent @ aol . com ) john e . limber ( jel @ christa . unh . edu ) alex schwartz ( alex _ schwartz @ sagepub . com ) andrew spencer ( spena @ essex . ac . uk ) mike tomasello ( tomas @ fs1 . psy . emory . edu ) bill turkel ( bill @ hivnet . ubc . ca ) george williams ( gww @ navisoft . com ) in addition to these individuals , the following people have posted items on the subject of language among nonhumans to linguist since 6-28 . i ' m going to focus less on these in the following summary , on the assumption that most of you have already read what they had to say . lloyd anderson ( ecoling @ applelink . apple . com ) sherri l . condon ( slc6859 @ usl . edu ) jane a . edwards ( edwards @ cogsci . berkeley . edu ) larry gorbet ( lgorbet @ mail . unm . edu ) jacques guy ( j . guy @ trl . oz . au ) gilbert harman ( ghh @ princeton . edu ) marion kee ( marion . kee @ a . nl . cs . cmu . edu ) bob krovetz ( krovetz @ cs . umass . edu ) roger lass ( roger @ beattie . uct . ac . za ) david pesetsky ( pesetsk @ mit . edu ) benji wald ( ibeneawj @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu ) sherman wilcox ( wilcox @ alcor . unm . edu ) one major issue that came up in discussion was the methodological and ethical justification of evaluating the linguistic ability of non-humans by confronting them with the task of mastering a language belonging to homo sapiens , instead of by investigating the means by which they inter - act amongst themselves . in linguist , benji wald pointed out that chomsky himself , in a paper pub - lished in the sebeok / sebeok vol . mentioned in my bibliography in linguist 6-195 , carefully drew the distinction between ' human language ' , the cog - nitive system built into the * human * brain that enables us to master the various human languages that are the raw data of our studies , and ' lan - guage ' ( which i shall in this posting capitalize - - not to be confused with lsa 's journal ) , the set of all possible similar systems , in whatever species ( or machine ) they may manifest themselves . this phase of the dis - cussion began with the question of the relation between an ability to re - cognize one 's image in a mirror and an ability to handle pronouns of vari - ous sorts , including reflexives . ( briefly , dogs and cats are able to re - cognize their reflections as members of their own species but consistently treat them as ' others ' , behaving toward them as they would to strangers of their own species ; roger lass has suggested that the ability to re - cognize the reflection as 's elf ' may not be evolutionarily advantageous to such predatory animals . the anthropoid apes , however , manage after a few minutes to realize that the reflection is 's elf ' , at which point they switch from the 's ocial ' behaviours they would normally use to make the acquaintance of strangers of their own species to using the mirror as a tool for self-inspection . but there has been no evidence presented , to my knowledge or that of anyone else on the list , that chimps , gorillas , etc . have any ability to handle anaphoric reference the way human apes do . sherri condon referred us to the work of her colleague at the univer - sity of southwestern louisiana , daniel j . povinelli , on this subject . ) but ultimately this discussion came back to a fundamental issue raised in my previous summary : even were it possible , through ingenious programme design and / or arduous effort , to teach a real human language to a chimp or a gorilla , the mere fact that the system in question would have to be ' force-fed ' , as it were , is evidence in itself that there is a serious difference between the cognitive systems of the two species ( human and non-human ) in question , since humans pick the stuff up with almost no training whatsoever . since much of our research programme is dedicated , more or less directly , to investigating the ability of humans to learn individual human languages ' naturally ' ( i . e . , with a minimum of effort ) - - at least in childhood - - this unredoubted fact places the linguistic abilities of non-humans at a significant distance from our discipline 's focus area . whether the field of linguistics ought to broaden its focus area to include non-human quasi-linguistic semiotic / communicative systems is another question , of course , that was raised in private discussion with me . speaking for myself , i am very sympathetic to the notion of embedding ( to use a very professional word ) linguistics as we now under - stand it within a broader programme of research into language , including the semiotic / communicative systems of non-human animals . supposing that such animals could accomplish the task of mastering a hu - man language ( which has so far not happened ) , this would certainly prove that the difference in species is not relevant to the nature of the lan - guage in question , much less language in general . but failure to accom - plish the task is not as probative , since it can be interpreted in either of at least two ways : ( 1 ) the animals in question are no more than ' protolinguistic ' ( to use bickerton 's term ) , unable to master a system of the complexity of human language - - a quantitative evaluation . ( 2 ) the animals in question are already in possession of an equivalent system of comparable complexity but of incompatible organization ( which ipso facto interferes catastrophically with the proposed task ) - - a qua - litative evaluation . which of these alternatives is correct will require a completely diffe - rent set of experiments , carefully studying the communicative behaviours natural to these animals as we linguists study the communicative beha - viours natural to humans . one of my correspondents said , ' why is all this effort devoted towards teaching apes a modified version of english ? a complex and highly social species such as this has an extremely sophisticated natural communication system of its own , yet we know very little about this . . . surely , before embarking on experimental meddling of dubious methodological validity , it would be more prudent to construct a research program aimed at mapping out the cognitive abilities of the various species and more particularly , their home-grown communication systems . presumably , it 's only against the background of how apes communicate with each other in the wild that we will really be able to interpret the kinds of artificial experiments pio - neered by the gardners and others . . . when you provide the reference list it would be extremely interesting ( though a lot of hard work ) to compare the amount of research effort expended on teaching apes 2 - year old english , compared to the number of studies devoted to ethological study of ape communication . ' a further , related issue was the epistemological question of how to reco - gnize behaviour in another species that is equivalent to language in hu - mans . i remarked myself at one point , ' human language is not purely a communication system , and its structure is not based solely on its commu - nicative function . i use language for a variety of functions . . . it does not strike me as logically self-evident that all of these functions should be served by the same system . i can imagine a species that en - gaged in all of these behaviours but used a radically different system for each . would we be able to recognize all these different systems ? and would all of them properly fall into the field of inquiry we call ' lin - guistics ' ? larry gorbet , in his linguist posting , touched very well on a further as - pect of this problem , addressing in particular one of the criticisms that has been made of the results achieved by the gardners et al . ' any formal element whose meaning includes displacement ( or more generally , * any * fairly abstract meaning ) will be intrinsically difficult to recognize as such , simply because the "" search space "" ( for the observable behavior that points to meaning ) is so large . the result is an * intrinsic * sample bias in semantic analysis : concrete meanings are more likely to be * disco - vered * than are more abstract ones , relative to their actual frequency of occurrence . in addition to abstract meanings in the more obvious sense , meanings which concern internal states ( e . g . "" emotions "" ) can be difficult to discern if one does n't experience those states or similar ones . ' a couple of references to the science fiction literature are relevant here , science fiction being often very useful for such ' thought-experi - ments ' in the einsteinian sense . h . beam piper , who while definitely not pc was brilliant , wrote a story called ' naudsonce ' ( pp . 57-112 in the col - lection federation , published 1981 by ace . piper suicided in 1964 , and i have no idea whether ' naudsonce ' was published anywhere during his life - time ) , in which an exploration party from earth discovers an extrasolar planet inhabited by an obviously sapient species which the explorers la - bel ' svants ' . these people are living at roughly a neolithic cultural / technological level , and there 's no question that they communicate by means of deliberately modulated sound waves transmitted through the air , so the humans immediately jump to the conclusion that they have something akin to what we call ' language ' , and the professional linguist they ' ve brought along for just such eventualities gets to work trying to analyse the svants ' ' language ' and establish inter-species communication . no go . turns out that although both svants and humans communicate by means of deliberately modulated , etc . , the resemblance ends there . our auditory systems ( by which i mean both the auditory centers of our brains and the neurosensory systems in our ears that serve as their input ) are designed to convert auditory impulses into a distinct sensory experience that we call ' hearing ' . the svants ' neurosensory systems are designed to convert such impulses into something more closely approximating the sensory expe - rience that tells us about our internal states ( e . g . , feelings of hunger , thirst , satiation , heartburn , etc . ) . thus , when a human reports a feel - ing of pain or pleasure , another human apprehends the message intellectu - ally ; when a svant reports such a feeling , an equivalent feeling is di - rectly induced in the body of another svant . in order to have any hope of inter-species communication , the human explorers have to rely on two peculiar individuals : a young male svant who is as a result of a birth defect 'd eaf ' , but is otherwise quite intelligent and shows promise of being able to master an ideographic writing system , and his mother , who is ' normal ' but sticks with her son out of maternal affection , and can interpret for him to the rest of the svant community . my point in giving this rather lengthy summary is that recognition of the fundamental diffe - rence between the human and svant communicative systems constitutes a ma - jor , and very challenging , cognitive leap for the human explorers ; can we be confident that a similar cognitive leap would not be necessary for us in evaluating the cognitive behaviours of non-human apes , cetaceans , etc . ? ( piper , speaking through some of his characters , expresses scepticism that a species whose principal communication system so thoroughly bypas - ses the ' higher / rational ' cognitive centers can develop very far in the way of civilization . i personally do n't share his scepticism . several of us during discussion have considered that cetaceans use sound both as their principal means of exploring the world around them , via sonar , and apparently to communicate . this suggests that a cetacean mode of commu - nication might involve ' projecting ' a sonar ' image ' of what one is talk - ing about into the listener 's brain . such projection may involve vocali - zation skill levels outside the abilities of cetaceans ; but assuming they could do it , i do n't think such 'd irect ' communicative methods preclude a high level of civilization . i ' m not sure they ' re all that different from the ability of the chinese , or of fluent signers , to communicate highly abstract concepts by means of what is essentially visual imagery . ) those of you who have read suzette hayden elgin 's intriguing though dif - fuse novel native tongue may remember that in that novel , humans , having over the course of several decades established contact with a variety of alien species and managed to negotiate profitable trade deals with seve - ral of them in spite of the obvious language barriers ( the only reason the generally despised profession of ' linguist ' is allowed to survive in this crypto-fascist state ) , encounters a species that is obviously sapi - ent and obviously endowed with something in the way of a language ( if i remember correctly , it 's not made clear exactly how this is recognized ) , but that ' language ' is so radically different from human language in its structural organization that no human seems to be able to get the hang of it ( several people die trying ) . in both cases , we are left with the big question : what , exactly , consti - tutes language , or a ' language ' ? and how do we recognize one if it exists ? on the subject of the cognitive organization of the brains of non-human primates , steven pinker , on p . 350 of his recent book the language ins - tinct : how the mind creates language , discusses their equivalents of broca 's and wernicke 's areas : ' the neuroanatomists al galaburda and terrence deacon have discovered areas in monkey brains that correspond in location , input-output cabling , and cellular composition to the human language areas . for example , there are homologues to wernicke 's and broca 's areas and a band of fibers connecting the two , just as in humans . the regions are not involved in producing the monkeys ' calls , nor are they involved in producing their gestures . the monkey seems to use the regions corresponding to wernicke 's area and its neighbors to recognize sound sequences and to discriminate the calls of other monkeys from its own calls . the broca 's homologues are involved in control over the mus - cles of the face , mouth , tongue , and larynx , and various subregions of these homologues receive inputs from the parts of the brain dedicated to hearing , the sense of touch in the mouth , tongue , and larynx , and areas in which streams of information from all the senses converge . ' for those of you who are interested , the relevant references are : deacon , t . w . 1988 . ' evolution of human language circuits ' in h . jerison & i . jerison , eds . , intelligence and evolutionary biology . new york : springer . - - - - . 1989 . ' the neural circuitry underlying primate calls and human language ' human evolution 4 : 367-401 . galaburda , a . m . & d . n . pandya . 1982 . ' role of architectonics and con - nections in the study of primate brain evolution ' in e . armstrong & d . falk , eds . , primate brain evolution . new york : plenum . beyond this , there is the fact that the integration of even complex so - cial systems is not enough to account for the complexity of human lan - guage . a large number of human social situations seem to be manageable by just a few dozen different utterances ; yet we have a natural linguis - tic ability vastly in excess of that . i suspect that our ancestors may have developed that ability through some nonce mutation , and then over the subsequent millenia have gradually developed uses for it . ( for some at least tangentially relevant thoughts on this subject , see theodore zeldin 's recently published intimate history of humanity , harper - collins . ) before closing this posting , i will quote the following from dorothy hinshaw patent 's message to me , and reiterate my plea in linguist 6-28 for more user-friendliness in our interactions with people who are rea - sonably intelligent , may be well-educated , may even be fellow scientists , but just are n't linguists . ' i was very frustrated by the critics of the ape language work ; they seemed to be looking for reasons to say the work did n't have meaning , and i think your piece summarized many of the frustrations of people like me very well . would that everyone were able to think so clearly ! what i 'd like to see is a linguistic analysis - - using minimal linguistic jargon , so zoologists and psychologists could understand it , too - - of the work done with apes , dolphins , sea lions , and parrots , comparing the "" accom - plishments "" of the different species to one another and to human chil - dren . i 'd like the person doing it to make the assumption , as you have , that the work does have meaning , and go from there , rather than trying to find picky reasons for discounting it because of human hubris . ' let us instead adopt the attitude expressed by sherri condon : ' i think we have much to learn about cognition and communication in all species , and we are fortunate that careful researchers are on the job . ' of course , as is always true not * all * researchers ' on the job ' are ' careful ' , by which i understand ' responsible , not wedded to their hypotheses to such an ex - tent that they are unable to wrestle appropriately with contrary evidence or alternative approaches ' , but the responsible ones definitely deserve encouragement ! best , steven - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dr . steven schaufele 712 west washington urbana , il 61801 217-344 - 8240 fcosws @ prairienet . org * * * * o syntagmata linguarum liberemini humanarum ! * * * * * * nihil vestris privari nisi obicibus potestis ! * * *
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1209,"Subject: obligatory affixes : summary
 
 several weeks ago i asked how the traditional notion of obligatory affixes was recast in the theory of realizational morphology . the responce was not exactly overwhelming , but i wish to thank greg stump ( eng101 @ ukcc . uky . edu ) , don ringe ( dringe @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu ) , r . beard ( rbeard @ coral . bucknell . edu ) , and andrew carstairs - mccarthy ( a . c-mcc @ ling . canterbury . ac . nz ) for helpful responses . a few responses ( slightly edited ) : greg stump : in paradigm function theory , a language 's inventory of morphosyntactic features is assumed to determine - - for any major syntactic category x - - a paradigm schema : a set of cells each of which is associated with a complete and fully specified set of morphosyntactic feature specifications appropriate to category x . in latin , for example , the features of case ( i . e . nominative , genitive , dative , accusative , ablative ) , number ( singular , plural ) , and gender ( masculine , feminine , neuter ) determine a paradigm schema for adjectives which consists of thirty cells , one for each of the case / number / gender combinations for which adjectives may be inflected . an adjective 's paradigm is then viewed as the inventory of inflected forms assigned to these cells . for any given cell c in the adjectival paradigm schema , there is a corresponding paradigm function which applies to an adjectival lexeme l to yield the inflected form of l assigned to c . paradigm functions are defined in terms of more specific morphological rules , including rules of exponence and rules of referral ; two or more of these may come into competition in the evaluation of a given paradigm function , in which case the narrower rule overrides the more general . how , then , is the notion of obligatory affixes recast in this theory ? notice first that the architecture of the theory guarantees that every inflected word w of category x will be associated with a complete and fully specified set of morphosyntactic feature specifications appropriate to x , and that it is this set of specifications that drives the inflection of w . in other words , it is the morphology , not ( pace anderson ) the syntax , that ` ensures that any given word has all the features required by the affixes in question ' . ( naturally , i assume that a lexeme 's invariant feature specifications - - e . g . a noun 's gender - - are simply supplied by its lexical entry . ) second , if a particular affix position must be filled , then that position can be assumed to be associated with a set of rules of affixal exponence the least narrow of which functions as the default for that position . [ i have some questions about how that works where the choice of one affix seems to require the presence of morphosyntactic features which are otherwise absent , but it may be that all such examples could be reanalyzed . it would be unfair of me to say more until i ' ve had a chance to correspond with greg . - - mm ] [ some references : ] ` a paradigm-based theory of morphosemantic mismatches ' , _ language _ 67 ( 1991 ) , 675-725 . ` on the theoretical status of position class restrictions on inflectional affixes ' , in _ yearbook of morphology 1991 _ , ed . by geert booij and jaap van marle , 211-241 . ( dordrecht : kluwer , 1992 ) . ` position classes and morphological theory ' , in _ yearbook of morphology 1992 _ , ed . by geert booij and jaap van marle , 129-180 . ( dordrecht : kluwer , 1993 ) . ` on rules of referral ' , _ language _ 69 ( 1993 ) , 449-479 . ` the uniformity of head marking in inflectional morphology ' , to appear in _ yearbook of morphology 1994 _ , ed . by geert booij and jaap van marle . ( dordrecht : kluwer , 1995 ) . don ringe suggested consulting the mit dissertation of r . rolf noyer , "" features , positions , and affixes in autonomous morphological structure "" ( mit working papers in linguistics , dept . of linguistics and philosophy , room 20d-219 , mit , cambridge , ma 02139 ; email address : mitwpl @ athena . mit . edu ; cost $ 12 plus $ 2 s / h in us , $ 3 outside us ) . for background reading on noyer 's dissertation , he recommends the paper by halle & marantz in the festschrift for sylvain bromberger ( called * the view from building 20 * ) . r . beard mentioned a book ( of his , i believe ) "" lexeme - morpheme base morphology "" published by suny press , "" hopefully , in june "" . his theory assumes the complex ip functional categories of current p&p for tense , aspect , mood , etc . ; there also morpholexical features ( which i assume to be things like gender ) .
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1210,"Subject: discourse textbooks
 
 several weeks ago i posted a request for recent introductory texts in discourse analysis . i received a number of replies that probably covered the range of possibilities . the most frequently mentioned was schiffren 's new book : schiffrin , deborah . ( 1994 ) . approaches to discourse . blackwell . ( 470 p . ) other books that were mentioned were the following . since i have not been able to check some of the information on these books , i am reproducing their citations more or less as they were sent to me and in alphabetical order . i have omitted a few suggestions that were clearly not general and introductory . i thank all of those who responded . you were all gracious and helpful . since this is already long i will not name you here . you know who you are . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * de beaugrande , r . ( 1980 ) . text , discourse and process , longman . de beaugrande , r . and dresler . ( 1983 ) . introduction to text linguistics . longman , london chafe , wallace . ( 1994 ) . discourse , consciousness , and time : the flow and displacement of conscious experience in speaking and writing . u . of chicago press . cook , g . 1989 ( ? ) . discourse . oxford : oup . coulthard , malcolm . ( 1977 , 1985 ) . an introduction to discourse analysis . longman . eggins , suzanne . ( 1994 ) . an introduction to systemic-functional linguistics . pinter / st . martin 's . fairclough . ( 1992 ) . discourse and social change . polity press . hartmann , r . r . k . ( 1980 ) . contrastive textology . comparative discourse analysis in applied linguistics . heidelberg , julius groos verlag . studies in descriptive linguistics . vol . 5 . 125 pages . hatch , e . ( 1992 ) . discourse and language education . cambridge : cup hatim b . and mason i . ( 1990 ) . discourse and the translator . ( longman ) . kamp , h . and reyle , u . ( 1993 ) . from discourse to logic . kluwer . lambrecht , knud . ( 1994 ) . information structure and sentence form . cambridge university press . langford , david . ( 1994 ) . analysing talk : investigating verbal interaction in english . basingstoke : macmillan . ( 190 p . ) mann , william and thompson , sandra . ( 1992 ) . discourse description : diverse linguistic analyses of a fund-raising text . amsterdam : john benjamins . martin , james . ( 1992 ) . english text . benjamins . mccarthy and carter . ( 1994 ) . language as discourse : perspectives for language teachers . longman . mey , jacob . pragmatics . robert e . nofsinger ( 1991 ) : everyday conversation . newbury park : sage . renkema , jan . ( 1993 ) . discourse studies . an introductory textbook . amsterdam etc . : benjamins , ix + 1-224 pp . isbn 90 272 2136 7 stenstoem , a . b . ( 1994 ) . an introduction to spoken interaction . london : longman . raphael salkie mentioned his . . . "" basic introduction to text and discourse analysis which will be published by routledge in their workbooks series in april . the book basically covers cohesion and coherence , with some reference to larger textual patterns in the last chapter . "" * * * * * * * * * * * * * * karl krahnke krahnke @ holly . colostate . edu
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1211,"Subject: second call for papers optionality workshop , utrecht
 
 please post - second call for papers - second call for papers - the research institute for language and speech ( ots ) , utrecht university , organizes a . . . . . workshop on optionality to be held on september 1 - 2 , 1995 . keynote speakers : jane grimshaw ( rutgers ) tony kroch ( penn ) tanya reinhart ( tel aviv / utrecht ) edwin williams ( princeton ) given a general notion of economy , free word order as well as other optional phenomena are problematic in current linguistic theory . nevertheless , optionality is widely attested in natural language , not only synchronically , but also diachronically and in language acquisition . we would therefore like to invite papers that deal with the theoretical problem of optionality from either of these perspectives . in addition to 4 ( invited ) keynote talks , we have 12 slots for 35 min . papers . please send 5 copies of an anonymous two-page abstract , one camera-ready version and a 3x5 "" card with name ( s ) of author ( s ) , title of paper , affiliation , phone number and e-mail address to : workshop on optionality , research institute for language and speech ( ots ) , utrecht university , trans 10 , 3512 jk utrecht , netherlands . we hope to be able to ( partially ) reimburse speakers . the deadline for submissions is may 1 , 1995 . submissions by e-mail or fax will not be accepted . for a more detailed description of the topic of the workshop , please contact neeleman @ let . ruu . nl or weerman @ let . ruu . nl .
",0
1212,"Subject: job opening at ucla
 
 please ignore the nov . 30 deadline on the previous announcement of this opening . ucla extension continues to accept applications for the job opening below until the position is filled . ucla extension head of the american language center ucla extension seeks an experienced esl professional to direct the american language center ( alc ) . this individual is reponsible for the development and marketing ( domestic and international ) as well as the implementation of a wide range of english as a second language programs . these include a year-round intensive program , part-time evening credit , non-credit and short-term special contract programs . the alc serves about 2300 international students annually and provides , in addition to language instruction , other support including student visas , housing and academic counseling . the successful candidate will be responsible for - the fiscal oversight and management of a budget of approx . 3 million dollars - an administrative staff of 12 to 20 and a teaching staff of 30 to 90 , depending on the time of year - program promotion and marketing - curriculum development the american language center is a unit within the department of humanities , sciences , and social sciences . under the guidance of the department director , the head of alc will plan and implement international continuing education programs in various subject areas combined with language training . he / she will have a leading role in the general international marketing of ucla extension programs and will work with a wide variety of inter - and intra-institutional organizations . required qualifications : - a minimum of a master 's degree in tesl or a closely related field . - a minimum of five years demonstrated successful experience in directing similar programs . - familiarity with foreign travel and cultures ; a foreign language capability preferred . - demonstrated ability in writing , public speaking ; - outstanding academic and administrative leadership skills ; - demonstrated expertise in the management of a multi-million dollar esl program within a large , complex educational institution . salary is commensurate with education and experience . application deadline : the position is open and is to be filled as soon as possible . to request additional position information or to apply , contact : beth marshall director of human resources ucla extension 10995 le conte avenue los angeles , ca 90024
",0
1213,"Subject: sixth jk conference
 
 content - length : 3595 call for papers the sixth japanese / korean linguistics conference university of hawaii at manoa august 8 - 10 , 1995 deadline for submission of abstracts : april 30 , 1995 on - campus accommodations and board will be provided for presenters . keynote speakers samuel martin ( professor emeritus ) yale university noriko akatsuka university of california , los angeles this conference aims to provide a forum for presenting research in korean and japanese linguistics , thereby facilitating efforts to deepen our understanding of these two languages , which have striking typological similarities . potential topics include , but are not limited to : syntax , semantics , phonology , morphology , pragmatics , historical linguistics , typology , psycholinguistics , sociolinguistics , language acquisition , and discourse . presentations are 20 minutes long and will be followed by a 10 minute question / answer period . abstract should include : 1 . seven ( 7 ) copies of a one-page abstract ( no more than 500 words ) with a title . omit your name and affiliation from the abstract . the one-page ( 500 word ) limit should be strictly observed ; a second page may be used only for data and citing references . 2 . a 3 "" by 5 "" card with the title of the paper , the name of the author ( s ) , the mailing address of the author , the author 's affiliation , phone number , fax number , and e-mail address . if your address , phone number , or e-mail address will be different for any period prior to the conference , please include that information as well . 3 . a self-addressed , stamped postcard if you wish to be notified when your abstract has been received 4 . only one abstract may be submitted as a single author . the same person may also submit one jointly authored abstract . abstracts should be sent to one of the addresses below by april 30 , 1995 . on the face of the envelope , to the right of the mailing address , please print "" discourse / functional "" or "" formal "" , as appropriate . please note that phonology and phonetics are to be included under the category formal . sohn ( formal ) j / k conference dept of east asian langs & lits university of hawaii at manoa 1890 east west road honolulu , hi 96822 iwasaki ( discourse / functional ) j / k conference dept of east asian langs & cultures ucla los angeles , ca 90095-1540 the proceedings of this conference will be published as japanese / korean linguistics vol . 6 by the center for the study of language and information and will be distributed through cambridge university press . please contact john haig for questions and further information . his e-mail address is : haig @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu
",0
1214,"Subject: gls 1995 : developments in discourse analysis
 
 the georgetown linguistics society presents gls 1995 : developments in discourse analysis february 17-19 , 1995 georgetown university , washington d . c . gls 1995 : developments in discourse analysis is an interdisciplinary conference featuring presentations and colloquia focusing on a variety of topics in discourse analysis , ranging from discourse analytic theory to the use of discourse analysis as a tool in other disciplines . papers address discourse in the media , the workplace , the classroom , everyday conversation , and in therapeutic , political , legal , religious , and other institutional contexts , addressing such areas as gender , identity , argument , authority , and narrative . the discourse analytic approaches include interactional sociolinguistics , critical discourse analysis , ethnography , conversation analysis , and cognitive science . the conference presenters , paper titles , and plenary speakers are provided below in this announcement . * * how to contact gls 1995 * * requests for information , including information about transportation , accomodations , and a discount on airfare , may be addressed to the georgetown linguistics society : gls 1995 gls @ guvax . georgetown . edu georgetown university gls @ guvax . bitnet department of linguistics 202-687 - 6166 479 intercultural center washington , d . c . 20057-1068 regularly updated information about gls 1995 is also available through the world - wide web georgetown linguistics home page : http : / / www . georgetown . edu / cball / gu _ lx . html pre-registration form for * * gls 1995 * * please complete and print this form or provide the required information on another sheet of paper and mail to gls 1995 , georgetown university , department of linguistics , 479 intercultural center , washington , d . c . 20057-1068 name : affiliation : mailing address : e - mail address : phone number : registration fee . please remit the appropriate registration fee in the form of a check or money order made payable to "" georgetown university "" : student non - student preregistration ( through feb . 10 ) $ 20 . 00 $ 30 . 00 on - site registration $ 30 . 00 $ 40 . 00 attendance needs ( ) american sign language interpretation ( ) crash space ( first-come basis ) ( ) other ( please specify ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * conference schedule * * friday , february 17 2 : 00 pm to 7 : 45 pm , reception at 8 : 00 pm saturday , february 18 9 : 30 am to 7 : 15 pm sunday , february 19 9 : 30 am to 5 : 00 pm * * plenary speakers * * * frederick erickson , university of pennsylvania * charles goodwin , university of south carolina * heidi hamilton , georgetown university * deborah schiffrin , georgetown university * roger shuy , georgetown university * deborah tannen , georgetown university * * colloquia * * discourse and conflict ( coordinator : christina kakava ) * faye c . mcnair - knox discourse and conflict in african - american english womantalk : patterns of grammaticalized disapproval in narratives * christina kakava evaluation in personal and vicarious stories : mirror of a greek man 's self * patricia e . o'connor ' you can't keep a man down ' : positioning in conflict talk and in violent acts * laine berman life stories from the streets : homeless children 's narratives of violence and the construction of a better world developments in conversation analysis : oh , what , or , pardon ( coordinator : maria egbert ) * paul drew ' what ' ? : a sequential basis for an ' open ' form of repair initiation in conversation ( and some implications for cognitive approaches to interaction ) * maria egbert the relevance of interactants ' eye gaze to the organization of other-initiated repair : the case of german ' bitte ? ' ( ' pardon ? ' ) * anna lindstrom ' or ' - constructed inquiries as a resource for probing the relevance of prior talk in swedish conversation * john heritage ' oh ' - prefaced responses to inquiry developments in signed language discourse ( coordinator : melanie metzger ) * ruth morgan the interplay of place and space in a namibian sign language narrative * kathleen wood negotiating literate identities : life stories of deaf students * susan m . mather adult - deaf toddler discourse * tina m . neumann figurative language in an american sign language poem : personification and prosopopoeia * scott liddell and melanie metzger spatial mapping in an asl narrative : examining the use of multiple surrogate spaces * elizabeth a . winston spatial mapping in comparative discourse frames in american sign language frames theory ( coordinator : janice hornyak ) * janice hornyak personal and professional frames in office discourse * susan hoyle negotiation of footing in play * carolyn kinney the interaction of frames , roles and footings : conversational strategies of co-leaders in a long-term group * yoshiko nakano interplay of expectations in cross-cultural miscommunication : a case study of negotiations between americans and japanese * suwako watanabe framing in group discussion : a comparison between japanese and american students * * paper sessions * * negotiating authority and status * cynthia dickel dunn the language of the tea teacher : shifting indexical ground in a japanese pedagogical context * lena gavruseva ' what is this drivel about garages ? ' : the construction of authoritative self in the cover letter discourse * geoffrey raymond the voice of authority : sequence and turn design in live news broadcasts * hideko nornes abe discourse analysis on distal and direct styles of japanese women 's speech will the real author please stand up ? : exploiting the speech of others * richard buttny talking race on campus : reported speech in accounts of race relations at a university campus * akira satoh reported speech in english and japanese : a comparative analysis * joyce tolliver evidentiality and accountability in literary narrative interpreting , challenging , evaluating gender * jennifer curtis contestation of masculine identities in a battering intervention program * keller s . magenau more than feminine : attending to power and social distance dimensions in spoken and written workplace communication * keli yerian male and female tv directors talking on the air and off * donna trousdale social languages and privileging : gender and school science discourse discourse influences on syntactic categories and structures * jennifer arnold the interaction between discourse focus and verbal form in mapudungun * rajesh bhatt information status and word order in hindi * paul hopper discourse and the category ' verb ' in english discursive enactments of cultural ideologies * isolda carranza stance - making in oral interviews * agnes weiyun he stories as interactional resources : narrative activity in academic counseling encounters * shari e . kendall religion and experience : constructed dialogue , narrative , and life story in religious testimonies political , intellectual , institutional identities * anna de fina pronominal choice , identity and solidarity in political discourse * charlotte linde other people 's stories : third person narrative in individual and group identity * karen tracy the identity work of questioning in intellectual discussion computational approaches to discourse analysis * megan moser and johanna d . moore an approach to the study of discourse cues * yan qu a computational approach for automatically extracting discourse rules * donald lewis theme and eventline in a classical hebrew narrative : a computer-assisted analysis competing discourses and dominance * tony hak ' she has clear delusions ' : the production of a factual account * catherine f . smith democratic discourses * john clark standard and vernacular : persuasive discourse styles in conflict * kathryn remlinger keeping it straight : the socio-linguistic construction of a heterosexual ideology in a campus community interactional construction of cognitive understanding * pamela w . jordan and megan moser global coordination in computer-mediated conversation * claudia roncarati repetition and cognition in the information flow : a case-study in brazilian portuguese database * andrea tyler and john bro examining perceptions of text comprehensibility : the effect of order and contextualization cues * toshiko hamaguchi manifestation of shared knowledge in conversation humorous faces * nancy k . baym humorous performance in a computer-mediated group * diana boxer and florencia cortes - conde teasing that bonds : conversational joking and identity display conversational moves * c . antaki , f . diaz , a . collins participants ' orientation to footing : evidence from conversational completion * peter muntigl saving face in argument : an analysis of face-threatening disagreements * martin warren how do conversations begin and end ? interactional explanations for patterns of variation * scott fabius kiesling using interactional discourse analysis to explain variation * sylvie dubois the coherent network of effects on discourse privileged views in media discourse * gertraud benke news about news : textual features of news agency copies and their usage in the newsproduction * debra graham racism in the reporting of the o . j . simpson arrest : a critical discourse analysis approach * ian hutchby arguments and asymmetries on talk radio * joanna thornborrow talk shows and democratic discourse narrative structures across languages * viola g . miglio tense alternations in medieval prose texts * asli ozyurek how children use connectives to talk about a conversation * marybeth culley rhetorical elaborations of a chiricahua apache comic narrative genre prior discourses and the structure of classroom interaction * mary buchinger bodwell "" now what does that mean , ' first draft ' ? "" : adult literacy classes and alternative models of editing a text * deborah poole the effects of text on talk in a classroom literacy event * myriam torres why teachers do not engage in co-construction of knowledge : a critical discourse analysis * * upcoming georgetown conferences * * georgetown round table on languages and linguistics 1995 . "" linguistics and the education of second language teachers : ethnolinguistic , psycholinguistic , and sociolinguistic aspects . "" pre - sessions and conference , march 6-11 , 1995 . contact : carolyn a . straehle , 202-687 - 5726 , gurt @ guvax . georgetown . edu , gurt 1995 , 303 icc , washington , d . c . 20057-1067 . ( this announcement ) . georgetown linguistics society ( gls ) 1995 : developments in discourse analysis . february 17-19 , 1995 . contact : coordinators of gls 1995 , 202-687 - 6166 , gls @ guvax . georgetown . edu , gls 1995 , 479 icc , washington , d . c . 20057-1068 . end of announcement . please distribute as widely as possible . thank you .
",0
1215,"Subject: hwaet ! old english software
 
 at the lsa software poster session in january , i gave out some copies of a macintosh ' electronic book ' i developed for learning old english ( ' hwaet ! old english in context ' , version 0 . 5 ) . after i got home i found some problems and typos , so i ' ve made a new version - if any readers got the old version , let me know , and i ' ll send you version 0 . 6 . i ' ve also converted a chunk of it to run on the web : it 's at http : / / www . georgetown . edu / cball / hwaet / hwaet06 . html this version looks best under mosaic for windows , which has thorn and eth , but i have n't converted all the sound files yet . thanks . . . - - cathy ball ( cball @ guvax . georgetown . edu )
",0
1216,"Subject: optimality workshop
 
 reminder : the deadline for registration for the optimality theory workshop scheduled for saturday , april 8 , at the university of wisconsin - milwaukee is friday , march 10 . for further information , send e-mail to edith @ csd . uwm . edu
",0
1217,"Subject: referencing example numbers in wordperfect
 
 i ' ve held back from adding my 5 - cents ( or 18 - pounds ) worth , but in case it 's of interest for users of wordperfect 5 . 1 / 5 . 2 , my num automatic renumbering program provides well-tested and efficient numbering of linguistic examples , etc - in a way that is far simpler and quicker in practice than using wp 's rather clumsy built-in cross-reference system , and with some extra advantages , such as automatic shortening of cross-references like "" 101-109 "" to "" 101 - 9 "" if desired , simple cross-referencing between and across files , etc . dozens of users worldwide find num to be reliable , helpful , even essential ( so they tell me ) . i have not ( yet ) upgraded num to work with wordperfect 6 . 0 / 6 . 1 , partly from pressure of other work , partly because i have had mixed reports on whether the advent of counters in wp 6 + is enough of an advance to wipe out num 's potential advantage in speed and convenience . i really need informed advice from linguists who know what num can do with wp 5 . 1 / 5 . 2 and who have also used wp 6 : if a num upgrade worked as well with wp 6 as it does with wp 5 . 1 , would you use it ? let me know . and for continuing users of wp 5 . 1 , i ' ll be happy , as always , to send info on num . david denison _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( dr ) david denison e-mail : d . denison @ man . ac . uk dept of english language & literature tel . + 44 161-275 3154 university of manchester fax . + 44 161-275 3256 manchester m13 9pl , uk .
",0
1218,"Subject: announcement universite de geneve
 
 universite de geneve faculte des lettres departement de linguistique generale et de linguistique francaise diplome d ' etudes superieures de linguistique : option analyse des dialogues une des options du diplome d ' etudes superieures de linguistique ( enseignement de 3e cycle ) 1995-1996 sera consacree a la presentation des derniers developpements du modele genevois d ' analyse des dialogues . ce programme est destine aux licencies en francais et en linguistique de l ' universite de geneve , aux doctorants d ' autres universites suisses et etrangeres , ainsi qu ' aux enseignants , qui desirent approfondir leurs connaissances theoriques et pratiques dans la maitrise et l ' exploitation du modele genevois d ' analyse des dialogues . il comprendra les cours et seminaires suivants , qui seront donnes au semestre d ' hiver 1995-1996 ( le semestre d ' ete 1996 etant consacre principalement a la redaction du memoire ) : e . roulet : une approche modulaire de l ' analyse de dialogues c . rubattel : structuration du dialogue : contraintes interactionnelles sur la syntaxe et contraintes syntaxiques sur l ' interaction e . manzotti & c . rossari : contrastes et oppositions : du lexique au discours j . moeschler : theorie pragmatique et pragmatique conversationnelle a . auchlin : la dimension affective du dialogue l . perrin : les dimensions diaphoniques et polyphoniques des dialogues les cours et seminaires du semestre d ' hiver 1995-1996 se donneront de fin octobre a mi-mars . la brochure qui presente officiellement l ' ensemble des des 95 / 96 de la faculte des lettres vous sera adressee sur demande des sa parution , sans doute a fin avril . pour tout renseignement , contacter : professeur eddy roulet , recorat , universite de geneve , 1211 geneve 4 , suisse tel . + 41 . 22 / 705 . 75 . 16 fax : + 41 . 22 / 329 . 42 . 90 e-mail : roulet @ uni2a . unige . ch . jacques moeschler departement de linguistique universite de geneve ch-1211 geneve 4 tel . + 41 . 22 / 705 . 72 . 76 fax . + 41 . 22 / 328 . 52 . 13 email moeschlj @ uni2a . unige . ch
",0
1219,"Subject: comp ling summer school
 
 international summer school "" contemporary topics in computational linguistics "" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 - 13 sept 1995 tzigov chark , bulgaria dates : 9 - 13 sept 1995 ( arrival 8 sept ) location : tzigov chark is a beautiful resort in the rhodope mountains surrounding the batak lake . tzigov chark is 150km from sofia , the capital of bulgaria . preliminary programme : a . joshi ( university of pennsylvania , usa ) lexicalized tree-adjoining grammars j . tsujii ( umist , manchester , uk ) knowledge acquisition from corpora j . haller ( iai , saarbrucken , germany ) unification - based machine translation j . schutz ( iai , saarbrucken , germany ) language engineering j . hutchins ( university of east anglia , uk ) machine translation : history , current status and possible future developments w . von hahn ( university of hamburg , germany ) knowledge - based machine aided translation y . matsumoto ( nara institute of science and technology , japan ) lexical knowledge acquisition a . ramsey ( university college dublin ) interpretation in context key - sun choi ( kaist , taejon , korea ) english - to - korean machine translation rodolfo delmonte ( university of venice , italy ) referring expressions in sublanguages c . martin - vide ( universidad rovira i virgilli , tarragona , spain ) mathematical linguistics : its relevance for computational linguistics and cognitive science other speakers are expected to confirm their participation . a more complete list will be given in the next announcement . summer school information : for further information please contact : nicolas nicolov ( nicolas @ edinburgh . aisb . ac . uk ) or prof . ruslan mitkov ( mitkov @ informatik . uni-hamburg . de ) related events : the summer school participants are also invited to take part in the int . conference "" recent advances in natural language processing "" , which will take place immediately after the summer school in velingrad , 20 km from tzigov chark . further information about the conference can be obtained from : nicolas nicolov ( nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk ) or prof . r . mitkov ( mitkov @ informatik . uni-hamburg . de ) nb prof . ruslan mitkov 's new email is : ( mitkov @ informatik . uni-hamburg . de ) third anouncement : a more complete tutorial program , information about registration fees , and accommodation will be posted in due time .
",0
1220,"Subject: autumn school of the gldv
 
 * * * * * * * gesellschaft fuer linguistische datenverarbeitung * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * herbstschule 1995 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * moderne methoden der corpusanalyse 11 . - 15 . september 1995 universitaet bonn psychologie / informatik - zentrum , roemerstrasse 164 programm : kurs 1 : methoden der standardisierung - eine einfuehrung in sgml und tei ( textual encoding initiative ) ( dr . peter scherber , goettingen ) kurs 2 : morphologie und tagging ( prof . dr . roland hausser , erlangen ) kurs 3 : fachsprachliche korpora ( prof . dr . bergenholtz , aahus ) kurs 4 : statistischer zugriff auf korpora : disambiguierung und tagging ( dr . robert neumann , cyril belica und doris al - wadi , institut fuer deutsche sprache , mannheim ) kurs 5 : textmodellbasierte korpusanalyse ( dr . karin haenelt , gmd darmstadt ) kurs 6 : korpora gesprochener sprache ( prof . dr . randall jones , brigham young university , provo ) . naehere informationen zu den einzelnen kursen wie inhaltsnagabe , literatur , zeiten etc . sowie zur gesamten herbstschule werden an die angemeldeten teilnehmer ab ca . 1 . juni 1995 versandt . exkursion : mittwoch , 13 . september , besichtigung von forschungslabors der gesellschaft fuer mathematik und datenverarbeitung ( gmd ) in st . augustin - birlinghoven , anschliessend wanderung im siebengebirge und weinabend in oberdollendorf / koenigswinter . plenarvortraege : prof . dr . h . schnelle , bochum : "" wortvernetzungen in computer und gehirn "" prof . dr . manfred bierwisch , berlin : thema vorauss . : "" universalien und idiosynkrasien im lexikon "" gebuehren : bei anmeldung vor dem 15 . juni 1995 studenten sonstige mitglieder der gldv : 60 , - - 100 , - - nichtmitglieder : 80 . - - 130 , - - bei anmeldung nach dem 15 . juni 1995 : studenten sonstige mitglieder der gldv : 100 , - - 140 , - - nichtmitglieder : 120 , - - 170 , - - die teilnehmergebuehr ist mit der anmeldung auf das im anmeldeformular ( siehe unten ) angegebene konto zu ueberweisen . unterbringung : jugendgaestehaus bonn - venusberg ( bus - transfer ) : 4 - bett - zimmer , mit fruehstueck , 31 . 50 p . p . / nacht gaestehaus d . internationalen jugendforum bonn : 2 - bett - zimmer , mit fruehstueck , 63 , oo p . p . / nacht 1 - bett - zimmer , mit fruehstueck , 95 , 00 dm p . p . / nacht studentenwohnheim : sammelunterbringung ( kueche , bad , wc ) , 10 , 00 dm p . p . / nacht verpflegung : mensa , cafeteria unmittelbar im tagungsgebaeude schwimmbad : roemerbad , um die ecke des tagungsgebaeudes anmeldeformular : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * verbindliche anmeldung zur teilnahme an der gldv - herbstschule vom 11 . - 15 . september 1995 in bonn name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vorname . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . strasse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wohnort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . student an universitaet / hochschule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gewuenschte unterbringung ( bitte ankreuzen ) : jugendgaestehaus bonn - venusberg ( bus - transfer ) : ( ) 4 - bett - zimmer , mit fruehstueck , 31 . 50 p . p . / nacht gaestehaus d . internationalen jugendforum bonn : ( ) 2 - bett - zimmer , mit fruehstueck , 63 , oo p . p . / nacht ( ) 1 - bett - zimmer , mit fruehstueck , 95 , 00 dm p . p . / nacht studentenwohnheim : ( ) sammelunterbringung ( kueche , bad , wc ) , 10 , 00 dm p . p . / nacht ( ) besorge unterbringung selbst die angebotenen unterbringungsmoeglichkeiten koennen nur bei einer anmeldung bis zum 15 . 6 . 1995 gewaehrleistet werden . spaeter eingehende unterbringungswuensche werden erfuellt , so gut es dann noch geht . zahlung der gebuehren : teilnehmergebuer : dm . . . . . . . . unterbringung : garantiebetrag fuer 1 uebernachtung : dm . . . . . . . . den gesamtbetrag von dm . . . . . . . . ueberweise ich auch das konto n . 502199013 bei der volksbank bonn , blz 380 601 86 unter angabe des verwendungszwecks "" gldv - herbstschule 1995 "" . unterschrift : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . anmeldung bitte schicken an gesellschaft fuer linguistische datenverarbeitung e . v . * 1 . vositzender * prof . dr . winfried lenders * institut fuer kommunikationsforschung und phonetik * der universitaet bonn * poppelsdorfer allee 47 * d-53115 bonn * * tel . + 49 ( 228 ) 735646 * * fax + 49 ( 228 ) 735639 * * e-mail : lenders @ uni-bonn . de * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
1221,"Subject: re : 6 . 280 sum : about e . h . tuttle
 
 the publisher in rutland , vt and tokyo is called charles e . tuttle , publisher , among other fine books , of andrew n . nelson 's japanese - english character dictionary . my copy of nelson is from 1975 , and i have also a copy of k . g . henshall , a guide to remembering japanese characters , with an imprint of 1990 . so the publisher still exists today , and has not just existed until the 1960s . hartmut haberland
",0
1222,"Subject: e . h . tuttle
 
 xulio sousa wrote : ) e . h . tuttle and co . : publisher located in tokyo and vermont , ) specialized in books on japan . existed at least into 1960s . they still existed at least as of last year . they publish such things as vietnamese - english dictionaries . tony wright ( twright @ accdvm . accd . edu ) st . philip 's college san antonio , texas
",0
1223,"Subject: re : 6 . 282 sum : asl dictionary on cd-rom
 
 i 'd like to point out that two of the dictionaries of asl on cd-rom mentioned in bernard comrie 's recent message , namely : - - multimedia dictionary of asl ( mm-dasl ) , release planned for summer of 1995 . - - asl dictionary on cd-rom developed by dennis cokely at linstok press , are in fact the same dictionary . i am the grant author and director of this project and would be happy to answer any questions . we do plan a summer 1995 release . the mm-dasl will allow searching from english to asl , and ( critcally , in our opinion ) , directly via asl phonological parameters . all information in the mm-dasl ( definitions , grammatical category , etc . ) are of the * asl * word ( not its english gloss , as is the case , i am told , for the harpercollins dictionary ) . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = sherman wilcox wilcox @ mail . unm . edu associate professor dept . of linguistics ( 505 ) 277-6353 v / tty university of new mexico ( 505 ) 277-6355 fax albuquerque , nm 87131 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
",0
1224,"Subject: workshop announcement articulatory databases
 
 workshop on articulatory databases munich thursday 25th and friday 26th may , 1995 we are currently starting the preparations for a two-day workshop on articulatory databases . this will be the third in the series of workshops organized by the accor working group ( a consortium of phonetic institutes financed by the european community 's esprit programme ) and and follows the electromagnetic articulography meeting in munich ( april , 1992 ) , and the tongue modelling meeting in barcelona ( december 1993 ) . a few words on the aims of a meeting devoted to such an apparently dry topic : the basic premise is that the free availability of articulatory data could provide benefits in several partly overlapping areas : in basic research it could allow investigators to test hypotheses formulated in articulatory terms on a much wider range of data than the individual worker would normally be able to acquire or access unaided . it could promote the development and testing of algorithms for deriving articulatory representations from acoustic data - relevant both for basic understanding of speech production as well as in potential applications such as speech displays for training the speech impaired . it could promote the development and testing of algorithms for speech synthesis / recognition using an articulatory level of representation . the aim of the workshop would be to generate an exchange of ideas among people active in these areas in order to identify , for example ( further suggestions welcome ) : 1 ) what articulatory data is in existence that it would be beneficial to make more freely available ( archival / retrospective approach ) ? 2 ) what standards should freely available data meet ? - specification of recording conditions - anatomical frames of reference - levels of accuracy / reliability - linguistic specification of the speech samples - preferred data structures for distribution . - any other issues relevant to the data being used without risk of misinterpretation by people not actually involved in the the details of acquisition articulatory data can come in many guises depending on the speech subsystem tapped into and the transduction technique used . thus , it is possible to monitor position ( 1 , 2 or 3 dimensions ) , force , emg , airpressure / flow with techniques that may be static or dynamic , may involve imaging or point-tracking etc . etc . we think that people directly involved in acquisition can also benefit from considering how techniques can be standardized to promote maximum comparability of recordings made at different sites and with different hardware . 3 ) in analogy to acoustic databases ( where unlabelled data is of only the most limited use ) , what segmentation and labelling information ( and tools for the exploitation thereof ) could / should be made available with the raw data to facilitate flexible access for different purposes ? 4 ) for future recordings , what categories of data and corpora would be potentially of most widespread use ? if you are interested in participating please contact phil hoole ( preferably by email ) at the address below as soon as possible . further information on registration and format for presentations will be distributed early in 1995 . please also draw this letter to the attention of any colleagues you think might be interested . phil hoole and hans tillmann institut fuer phonetik munich university schellingstr . 3 d - 80799 munich germany fax : + 49 89 2800362 email : hoole @ sun1 . phonetik . uni-muenchen . de
",0
1225,"Subject: grants - in-aid available
 
 five $ 400 . 00 grants-in - aid are available from the text and academic authors association . you have to join to be eligible ( # 35 . 00 special for new members for first year ) . monies can be used to defray almost any expenses associated with academic writing ( including travel ) . deadline is march 30 and applications should include 1 ) brief description of work incl . background , objectives and methodology ( 3 pp max double spaced ) . 2 ) budget and completion schedule 3 ) cv . send to norma hood , taa , po box 535 , orange springs , fl 32182-0535 . 904 / 546-5419 . l . kathy heilenman dept . of french & italian u . of iowa , iowa city ia 52242 ( l-heilenman @ uiowa . edu )
",0
1226,"Subject: dictionaries of subcategorization frames
 
 for a colleague who is not on the list : what dictionaries ( on-line or printed ) are available of subcategorization frames of verbs ? e . g . obligatory or optional complements or adjuncts , semantic requirements of particular predicates . we are interested in english and / or in slavic languages . please write to my address : ewb2 @ cornell . edu wayles browne , assoc . prof . of linguistics dept . of modern languages and linguistics , morrill hall cornell university ithaca , new york 14853 , u . s . a . tel . 607-255 - 0712 ( o ) , 607-273 - 3009 ( h ) e-mail ewb2 @ cornell . edu ( 1989 to 1993 was : jn5j @ cornella . bitnet / / jn5j @ cornella . cit . cornell . edu )
",0
1227,"Subject: child language
 
 i ' m a researcher of child language from finland currently involved in a longitudinal research project . i wonder if anyone could give me advice on the latest research which deals with the phonological / morphological "" word "" structure of 2 year old children . i ' m also interested if anyone has experience in imitation tasks with 18 month old children ? i 'd be grateful for any advice ulla richardson university of jyvaskyla finland e-mail : ulanri @ jyu . fi
",0
1228,"Subject: high german in southern germany
 
 i have just started a phd on "" the use of high german and attitudes towards high german in a south german region "" . at the moment i am putting together a questionaire but i also want to involve other techniques of data collection . i would like to get some more ideas on various methods of data collection . i would also like to hear about experiences with the matched guise technique . if there is any "" very "" recent literature on language attitude studies especially in dialect - standard language settings , please pass that on to me , too . thank you anne hof department of german university of manchester manchester m13 9pl england e-mail : mflugah @ fs1 . art . man . ac . uk
",0
1229,"Subject: south slavic phonology
 
 hi could anyone recommend a good fairly uncomplicated book on south slavic phonology and / or morphology ? i 'd appreciate it much . thanks , donald p . hussey boston college husseyd @ bcvms . bc . edu
",0
1230,"Subject: request : written corpus of various genres
 
 i am looking for a public corpus of about 200 , 000 words containing current written texts of various genres . i need this for text analysis in an introduction to linguistics class i will be teaching this summer . could anyone help me ? i apologize for burdening the readers with this request . i have a feeling this topic was dealt with on this list before at a time it did not interest me . i would like a corpus that would be transferable via internet and one that my students and i could quote from freely in our research . thanks . ali = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ali - asghar aghbar , dept . of english , indiana u . of pa , indiana , pa 15705 bitnet : aaghbar @ iup internet : aaghbar @ grove . iup . edu phone : 412-357 2262
",0
1231,"Subject: whatever happened to 'd ?
 
 dear subscribers , recently i came across an example of better used without had in the following construction : she better stop . as it was an american publication , i assumed that the use of had in such expressions had completely disappeared , in written as well as spoken us english . i would not have been surprised to find that it had disappeared from spoken usage , since there are obvious phonological reasons , but the loss of it in writing indicated to me that the use of better alone was quite standardised . this poses a question for me , and i was wondering if anyone out there has a suggestion . if it is now standardised , and there is no longer a had , why does n't the former bare infinitive stop now become finite and take 3ps inflection ( ? she better stops ) ? is this because it now has assumed a subjunctive-like quality ? can it then be associated with the expression : it is better that she stop ? if so , can another adjective be substituted for better here , e . g . it is good that she stop ) ? ? she good stop ? how has this been reanalysed , and what are the implications ? ( susan dopke informs me that some grammarians have interpreted better in these contexts as an auxiliary , and if that is the case , can we use sub-aux inversion to make it a question ? ( ? better she stop ? ) is this now acceptable too ? please send your suggestions if this bothers you . debbie ziegeler
",0
1232,"Subject: seminar : the conservation of endangered languages
 
 the centre for theories of language and learning university of bristol department of philosophy announces a seminar on the conservation of endangered languages friday april 21st 1995 at 9 woodland rd , bristol bs8 1tb , england according to reliable estimates , half of the world 's six thousand languages will become extinct in the next century . furthermore , two thousand of the remaining three thousand languages will be threatened during the century after next . in the uk these startling facts have recently received media attention , stimulated partly by the publication this year of the atlas of the world 's languages , edited by christopher moseley and r . e . asher ( routledge ) . the rapid decline is largely due to a mixture of economic and political pressures affecting communities that speak minority languages , pressures which remove the new generation 's motivation for communicating in their traditional language . the problem of language-extinction raises fundamental questions . what is the value of these threatened languages to science and to humankind in general ? what principles might justify us in striving to keep small languages alive ? what reasons are there for preserving them in archive form ? the seminar is aimed primarily at academics from such disciplines as philosophy , ethics , anthropology , linguistics , sociolinguistics , cultural history , ecology and population biology , but is open to all interested persons . seminar programme registration desk opens 9 . 30a . m . 10-11 am mapping the future of the world 's languages mr . christopher moseley , co - editor of atlas of the world 's languages 1994 11-12 should linguistic diversity be preserved ? dr . mark pagel , dept of zoology , oxford university 12 - 1 who wants to learn a native language in latin america ? prof . marcelo dascal , inst . of advanced studies , hebrew university of jerusalem 1 - 2 lunch 2 - 3 thinking twice : issues in welsh as a second language in children under 5 ms . sian wyn siencyn , language consultant , author of the sound of europe 3 - 4 orchestrating language revival mr . allan wynne jones , european bureau for lesser used languages 4 - 6 round table and discussion with contributions from the floor * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * seminar registration form i should like to register for the one day seminar at bristol university and enclose my cheque for the amount stated below . signature : name ( capitals ) : address and telephone : e-mail : accomodation wanted ? a limited amount of single bed and breakfast accomodation can be provided near to the seminar venue , at a cost of 22 uk pounds per night ( standard room ) or 36 uk pounds ( en suite room ) . b&b night of thursday 20th april : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ b&b night of friday 21st april : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total ( accomodation ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration fee : 5 uk pounds total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please send this form and cheque payable to ' the university of bristol ' to : ctll , graduate studies centre , 7 woodland road , bristol bs8 1tb uk . for further information , contact the seminar organisers dan brickley and andrew woodfield ( email : centre-tll @ bristol . ac . uk ) a background article on the topic is also available by email or by accessing the ctll world wide web pages using the following internet url : http : / / www . bris . ac . uk / depts / philosophy / ctll / index . html
",0
1233,"Subject: re : 6 . 293 words that are their own opposites
 
 this does n't quite qualify , but ' overlook ' means the opposite of ' look over ' : "" my accountant looked over my records but overlooked a deduction . . . "" - - - university of california riverside , ca 92521
",0
1234,"Subject: 
 
 historical ling announcing le lingue indoeuropee ( edited by anna giacalone ramat and paolo ramat ) , bologna , casa editrice il mulino , 1994 the volume is intended to provide the state of the art on the indoeuropean language family . each chapter is devoted to one subgroup and covers phonological , morphological , syntactic and lexical matters . contents : e . campanile , antichita ' indoeuropee . c . watkins , il protoindo - europeo . b . comrie , la famiglia linguistica indoeuropea : prospettive genetiche e tipologiche . r . lazzeroni , sanscrito . n . sims - williams , le lingue iraniche . w . winter , tocario . s . luraghi , le lingue anatoliche , r . ajello , armeno . h . m . hopenigswald , greco . e . vineis , latino . d . silvestri , le lingue italiche . p . sims - williams , le lingue celtiche . p . ramat , le lingue germaniche . h . andersen , le lingue slave . w . schmalstieg , le lingue baltiche , s . demiraj , albanese . subject index name index available from : casa editrice il mulino , strada maggiore 37 , 40125 bologna ( italy ) phonology & phonetics taylor , paul a . a phonetic model of intonation in english . 1994 . 172 pp . 6x9 book , prepaid us $ 25 . 00 + 3 . 50 p&h . iulc publications , 720 e . atwater ave . , bloomington in 47401-3634 . < iulc @ indiana . edu > phonetics . addresses the problem of relating the acoustic and phonological descriptions of intonation . a multi-level approach and new description systems on the phonological and phonetic levels are proposed . computer algorithms attempt to analyze and synthesize f0 contours using the new systems . experiments and results are presented . socioling the discourse of negotiation - studies of language in the workplace edited by alan firth , denmark isbn : 0-08 - 042400 - 7 hardback viewing negotiations at a micro level of analysis , this book focuses on a wide variety of settings , from industrial meetings to comsumer helplines . * available for discussion * published october 1994 by elsevier science ltd tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1865 843685
",0
1235,"Subject: estuary english
 
 for the listserv a friend of mine who is not on the list has asked me to post a request for references or information on a variety of spoken british english called estuary english . if anybody can help , please send a reply to me directly and i will forward the messages . thanks a lot in advance . ana parrondo
",0
1236,"Subject: formal semantics and sign ( ed ) languages
 
 dear fellow linguists , is any of you aware of any formal semantic approaches to sign ( ed ) languages ? the bibliography of joachin & prillwitz ( hamburg : signum 1993 ) does n't give any clue . the only name we can think of ourselves in this respect is karen petronio , who gave a talk at barbara partee 's qquantification workshop at the linguistic institute in tucson , az . , in 1989 , and who wrote a dissertation at u . of washington in 1993 . according to the linguistic nameserver her email address is petronio @ uconnvm . bitnet , but that adress no longer works . where can she be reached these days ? other information about this topic is welcome as well . if there is enough response , i will give a summary . thank you ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ton van der wouden pionier - project reflections of logical patterns in language structure and language use bcn / vakgroep nederlands telephone + 31 50 635632 oude kijk in ' t jatstraat 26 home + 31 50 272737 postbus 716 email : vdwouden @ let . rug . nl 9700 as groningen the netherlands http : / / www . let . rug . nl / linguistics / vdwouden . html - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
1237,"Subject: q : van lancker , automatic speech preprint
 
 content - length : 1385 i would appreciate any leads on a paper by diana van lancker which was cited as a preprint but appears never to have been published ( as far as i can determine ) . victoria fromkin is mentioned as van lancker 's colleague . perhaps one of them or another helpful soul will be kind enough to fill me in on the paper 's fate . "" a hypothetical continuum of propositional and automatic speech modes and their properties "" by diana van lancker . cited on p . 13 in bolinger , d . ( 1976 ) . meaning and memory . forum linguisticum , 1 ( 1 ) , 1-14 . please reply directly . thank you . dave leech ucla , dept . of applied linguistics ihw1ihy @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu
",0
1238,"Subject: summary : french course
 
 content - length : 2567 a few weeks ago i posted a request for information regarding textbooks for an undergraduate linguistics course on the structures of french . i 'd like to express my thanks to the people listed below for responding , and for all their very helpful suggestions : helene ossipov kristina harris k . heilenman lisa reed raphael salkie paul rowlett michael picone e . dean detrich hilary g sachs laurel watkins adee matan nelson rojas here 's a bibliography containing some of the possible textbooks . the first one listed ( battye & hintze ) was the most widely cited ; most people seemed pleased with it , but not everyone . several respondants said that there simply was no satisfactory textbook for such a course ( at least among books written in english ) . adrian battye & marie - anne hintze ( 1992 ) . the french language today . london : routledge . isbn 0-415 - 07814 - 8 ( pbk ) chiss , j . - l . , j . filliolet & d . maingeneau ( 1978 ) . linguistique francaise : initiation a la problematique structurale . paris : hachette . eluerd , roland ( 1984 ) . pour aborder la linguistique . paris : les editions esf . leon , p . , p . bhatt & r . baligand ( 1992 ) . structure du francais moderne . toronto : canadian scholar 's press . ager , dennis ( 1990 ) . sociolinguistics and comtemporary french . cambridge u . press . ( isbn : 0-521 - 39730 - 8 ( p ) ) walter , henriette ( 1994 ) . french inside and out . routledge . ( isbn : 0-415 - 07670 - 6 ) ( first published in french : le francais dans tous les sens , robert laffont . ) judge , anne and f . g . healey ( 1983 ) . a reference grammar of modern french . london : edward arnold . ( isbn : 0-7131 - 6453 - 0 ) grundstrom , allan w . ( 1983 ) . l ' analyse du francais . lanham : university press of america . ( isbn : 0-8191 - 3569 - 0 ) thanks once again to everyone who responded ! rich epstein ( epstein @ bend . ucsd . edu )
",0
1239,"Subject: yuen ren chao
 
 content - length : 311 there is an appreciation of the work of yuen ren chao ( 1892-1982 ) on the web at : http : / / weber . u . washington . edu / ~ yuenren / chaobiography . html your comments are welcome . david prager branner , yuen ren society asian l&l , do-21 , university of washington seattle , wa 98195 ( charmii @ u . washington . edu )
",0
1240,"Subject: release of agfl home page
 
 this message announces the release of the world wide web home page of agfl ( affix grammars over a finite lattice ) . 1 . agfl the agfl formalism , developed at the university of nijmegen , the netherlands , is a formalism in which context free grammars can be described compactly . agfls are two level grammars : a first , context free level is augmented with features for expressing agreement between parts of speech . features are treated as types , and their values may range over the subsets of a given finite set , which explains the acronym affix grammars over a finite lattice . agfl grammars are transformed into a parser by the parser generator opt . the generated parser is a recursive backup parser which computes the values of the affixes on the fly . in this way , fast and efficient parsers can be generated . the formalism is quite simple and limited , and therefore easy to read and write . agfl comes with a grammar workbench gwb , supporting the development of grammars and the checking of their consistency . the agfl formalism does not require any special hardware . the parser generator opt runs on regular sparc - systems and ms-dos machines ( 386 or higher ) and is relatively small . for instance , the ms-dos version requires less than 1 mb harddisk space . 2 . agfl on the web agfl has now been made available to the ( computational ) linguistic community . we think it can be used by ( computational ) linguists who are in need of a simple grammar formalism with a fast parser generator , suitable for experimental purposes . therefore , we have made agfl available via ftp and , recently , via www . the agfl home page contains information about the agfl formalism like the agfl manual , documentation and papers , sample grammars and the latest developments . there is also the possibility to download the software and to register yourself as an agfl user . you are invited to take a look at the home page and to read the information or to download the software . please feel free to make use of agfl and its home page ; we look forward to hear about your experiences . we are currently planning an agfl workshop in june . the latest news about this workshop can also be found on the agfl home page . the url of the agfl home page is : http : / / www . cs . kun . nl / agfl / the address of the ftp - site is : ftp : / / hades . cs . kun . nl / pub / agfl / the organisation of the www page should be self-explanatory . the structure of the ftp - site is as follows : - readme - doc : this directory contains a number of relevant papers - pc386 : this directory contains software for ms-dos machines and an installation guide . - sun4 : this directory contains software for sparc - stations and an installation guide . any questions or remarks with respect to agfl or the agfl home page can be sent to : www-agfl @ cs . kun . nl . on behalf of the agfl team , erik oltmans department of computer science university of nijmegen the netherlands
",0
1241,"Subject: re : linguistics in science fiction
 
 with regard to mike maxwell 's recent posting about linguistics in science fiction , there is a very funny and interesting piece by brian aldiss called "" confluence "" , consisting entirely of a lexicon of words in an alien language , tentatively translated into english . it 's in judith merril , ed . , sf 12 , dell , n . y . , 1968 . tom ernst ternst @ brahms . udel . edu
",0
1242,"Subject: job : research assistant in pragmatics
 
 applications are invited for a one-year research assistantship at the university of ulster at jordanstown , n . ireland , to work directly on an esrc - funded project entitled "" relevance , beliefs and political conflict in northern ireland , commencing 1 may 1995 . applicants must have a first or second class honours degree ( or equivalent first degree ) or higher degree in linguistics or communication . preference will be given to candidates who have a phd or who have previous relevant research experience . further details may be obtained by telephoning : ( uk ) 01232-366243 or 1232-366175 , quoting referencej95 / 071 , or by e-mailing dr john wilson , j . wilson @ ulst . ac . uk . the closing date for applications is 17 march , so if you have a fax number it may be advisable to give this so that materials can be faxed to you rather than sent in the mail .
",0
1243,"Subject: job announcements
 
 my chair has asked me to post these two job announcements . if anyone can suggest other lists , esp . serving applied linguists and second language acquisitionists , where these should be posted , please let me know . both positions are one-year appointments , but , pending approval , similar positions will be re-advertised as tenure-track next year . mike picone university of alabama mpicone @ ua1vm . ua . edu the university of alabama would like to announce the following positions : visiting assistant professor ( or equivalent level ) beginning fall , 1995 . spanish . abd or ph . d . native or near native proficiency in spanish and english , with specialty in applied linguistics and second language acquisition . experience in methodology and coordination of multisection language courses . demonstrated record of classroom success and commitment to scholarship . application , vita , and three letters of recommendation to dr . michael schnepf , chair , by march 23 . minorities and women are encouraged apply . the university of alabama is an equal opportunity employer . university of alabama , department of romance languages & classics , box 870246 , tuscaloosa , al 35487-0246 . visiting assistant professor beginning fall 1995 . french . ph . d . preferred . abd candidates will be considered for appointment at instructor level . one - year appointment . native or near-native proficiency in french and english , with concentration in linguistics and / or second language acquisition . experience in methodology and coordination of multisection language courses . demonstrated record of classroom success and commitment to scholarship . application , vita , and three letters of recommendation to dr . michael schnepf , chair , by april 3rd . minorities and women are encouraged to apply . the university of alabama , department of romance languages & classics , box 870246 , tuscaloosa , al 35487-0246 .
",0
1244,"Subject: summer internship in multimodal systems
 
 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please post or pass along to appropriate mailing lists . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nsf-funded summer internships in hci & multimodal systems applications are invited from outstanding upper-level undergraduate and graduate students for full-time summer internship positions in human-computer interaction and multimodal systems . funding for these internships is sponsored by the national science foundation , and is part of a larger project entitled "" writing and talking to future interactive systems . "" students selected will participate in an interdisciplinary , team-oriented research project investigating people 's spoken , pen-based , and multimodal input to interactive computer systems . one aim of this research is the design of successful interfaces for multimodal systems and portable devices . this work is being conducted in a new state-of - the-art laboratory facility in the computer science department at the oregon graduate institute of science and technology ( ogi ) , which is located in the portland metropolitan area within 12-15 minutes of the city . applicants with a background in cognitive science , computer science , psychology , linguistics , or human factors are encouraged to apply , and interests in the following areas is preferred : human-computer interaction , multimodal systems , human communication and behavior , linguistics and natural language processing , speech and pen technology , research design and statistics . experience working with human subjects , scoring and analyzing language-oriented behavior , using statistical software , or programming in c + and x - windows would be most relevant to the project . to apply , submit a resume , xerox copy of course transcripts , names and contact information for 3 references , and a brief statement of research / career interests by march 31 to : dr . sharon oviatt department of computer science oregon graduate institute of science & technology p . o . box 91000 portland , oregon 97291 ( or via email to oviatt @ cse . ogi . edu ) women and minority applicants are encouraged to apply .
",0
1245,"Subject: ( fwd ) re : cantonese / english bilingual research associate
 
 university of newcastle upon tyne department of speech cantonese / english bilingual research associate applications are invited for a 3 - year appointment as research associate from 1st october , 1995 . the successful candidate is expected to work , along with two other ras , on an esrc - funded research project , looking into first language development of british - born cantonese - speaking children . the candidate should be cantonese / english bilingual and preferably hold a higher degree in either speech science or linguistics , although candidates with other qualifications will be considered . the appointee will have major responsibilities for community-based fieldwork , data transcription and analysis . a working knowledge of language profiling procedures , e . g . larsp , is necessary . the starting salary is stlg15 , 556 ( under review ) . two copies of a letter of application and full curriculum vitae , together with names and addresses ( preferably with fac numbers ) of three referees should be sent to dr li wei , department of speech , university of newcastle upon tyne , ne1 7ru by 13th april . informal enquiries may be made to dr li wei on + 44 ( 0 ) 191 222 6760 / 7388 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 191 222 6518 e - mail : li . wei @ newcastle . ac . uk
",0
1246,"Subject: job opening
 
 i ' m posting this for someone who is not on linguist , so please direct all replies to the address given below . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - motorola , inc . has an opening for an individual to research and develop spoken language systems at the motorola corporate research center in schaumburg , illinois . this individual will be a member of an interdisciplinary team exploring the integration of speech recognition , speech synthesis , and natural language processing technologies for product applications of man-machine communications . the duties of the position include applied research , software development , data collection , and transfer of developed technologies to product groups . innovation in research and application of technology is the standard for all members of the team . experience in natural language processing or speech recognition is required . in particular concentration in parsing spoken language , dialogue modelling , multi-modal human machine interaction , speech recognition search algorithms , or language modelling is preferred . a phd in computer science or ee or direct experience in one of these areas is desired . strong candidates with masters degree will also be considered . programming skills in c or c + + are also required . please send resume and cover letter by april 24 , 1995 to be considered for this position . to : harry bliss chicago corporate research laboratories 1301 e . algonquin road , room 3127 schaumburg , il 60196 fax : ( 708 ) 576-0541 email : bliss @ mot . com
",0
1247,"Subject: job at soas
 
 school of oriental and african studies university of london lectureship in linguistics applications are invited for a lectureship in linguistics with reference to syntax / morphology in the department of linguistics . the successful candidate will be expected to combine active research in theoretical syntax / morphology with an ability to teach these subjects at both undergraduate and graduate level . the department offers full programmes at the ba , ma and phd level . applicants with a research interest in african , asian or middle eastern languages are preferred . applicants should have completed or be about to complete a phd on a relevant topic ; teaching experience would also be an asset . the appointment will date from 1st september 1995 . it will be made on the lecturer a scale ( stlg14 , 756 - stlg19 , 326 p . a . ) or lecturer b scale ( stlg20 , 133 - stlg25 , 735 p . a . ) depending upon qualifications and experience , plus london allowance , currently stlg2 , 134 p . a . membership of uss , the university pension scheme will be available . further particulars may be obtained from the soas - linguistics web page ( http : / / jk . soas . ac . uk ) or the personnel office , school of oriental and african studies , thornhaugh street , russell square , london wc1h 0xg ( tel : 0171 323 6189 between 10 : 30am - 2 : 00pm ) . candidates may apply directly by letter supported by a full curriculum vitae , at least two representative publications , and the names , addresses , fax and telephone numbers of three referees . further information may also be obtained from the secretary of the linguistics department ( tel : 0171 323 6332 ) or from rk @ soas . ac . uk . closing date : monday , 17th april 1995 soas is an equal opportunities employer
",0
1248,"Subject: item for linguist
 
 in memoriam simon c . dik ( 1940-1995 ) it is with great sadness that we inform you of the death , on march 1 , 1995 , of simon c . dik , one of the world 's leading theoreticians in functional linguistics . simon had occupied the chair of general linguistics at the university of amsterdam for 25 years when in 1994 his illness , which had manifested itself two years earlier , forced him to resign . during these 25 years he developed the theory of functional grammar , the foundations for which had been laid in his 1968 dissertation on coordination . as far as his illness allowed him , simon continued working on the further development of this theory until his death . the results of this work , the two-volume ' the theory of functional grammar ' , will be published posthumously . during his career simon has been a constant source of inspiration and encouragement , both as a teacher and as a scholar , for his colleagues and students . the significance of his work for the field of linguistics and the effectivity of the enormous energy which he put into promoting linguistic research deserve our recognition and gratitude . we , members of the community of linguists working within the framework of functional grammar , especially feel the loss of our personal contacts with him . we gratefully acknowledge his unending and invaluable involvement in the progress of linguistic research until the very end . simon leaves behind his wife willy , his daughters iris and hester , and his son remco . machtelt bolkestein ( ot @ alf . let . uva . nl ) casper de groot ( casperdg @ alf . let . uva . nl ) kees hengeveld ( khengeveld @ alf . let . uva . nl )
",0
1249,"Subject: special journal issue on computer - mediated discourse analysis
 
 content - length : 3158 * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * call for manuscripts electronic journal of communication / la revue electronique de communication special issue on "" computer - mediated discourse analysis "" guest editor : susan herring one of the most exciting recent developments in discourse analysis is the availability of data from computer-mediated interactions , such as those that take place on the internet , usenet , and in synchronous modes such as chat and muds / moos . computer - mediated interaction raises intriguing issues of how the communicative medium shapes language use , as well as providing large quantities of authentic , pre-transcribed data which can be used to shed light on existing problems of linguistic analysis . this special issue will be the first publication devoted exclusively to the linguistic analysis of computer-mediated discourse . while any application of linguistic methodology to computer-mediated data is welcome , manuscripts are especially encouraged that report on pragmatic , sociolinguistic / interactional , or textual analyses , or focus on issues of methodology or genre . possible topics include ( but are not limited to ) : - use of orthographic conventions , including emoticons , in computer - mediated language - analysis of turn-taking , topic nomination and development , reference and cohesion , discourse markers , speech acts , politeness etc . in computer-mediated discussions - linguistic characterization of cmc genres and text types - lexico-grammatical analysis of cmc corpora - the negotiation of meaning in computer-mediated interaction - the use and representation of languages other than english ; code switching and language contact on computer networks - gender differences in computer-mediated interaction - the effects of cmc on 2nd language acquisition - psycholinguistic processing of computer-mediated messages etc . about the journal : the ejc / rec is an electronic journal that adheres to rigorous standards of peer review . only original work that has not been published previously will be considered for publication . authors wishing to submit manuscripts for consideration should prepare them in electronic format according to the ejc / rec author guide , which is available on the world wide web at http : / / trill . berkeley . edu / guide-to - the-lab / resouces / people / cmc . html or by request from susan @ utafll . uta . edu . manuscript length should ideally be between 5000 and 7500 words , although shorter and longer manuscripts may also be considered . deadline : the deadline for receipt of manuscripts is may 25 , 1995 . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = e - mail questions and requests for author guide to : susan @ utafll . uta . edu or send by regular mail or fax to : susan herring editor special ejc / rec issue on computer - mediated discourse analysis program in linguistics university of texas arlington , tx 76019 usa fax : 817 273-2731 * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ *
",0
1250,"Subject: call for papers
 
 content - length : 3653 call for papers for the fourth international conference on the cognitive science of natural language processing dublin city university , 5 - 7 july 1995 subject areas : this is a non-exclusive list of subjects which fall within the scope of csnlp . it is intended as a guide only . * corpus - based nlp * connectionist nlp * statistical and knowledge-based mt * linguistic knowledge representation * cognitive linguistics * declarative approaches to nlp * nlg and nlu * dialogue and discourse * human language processing * text linguistics * evaluation of nlp * hybrid approaches to nlp submissions may deal with theoretical issues , applications , databases or other aspects of csnlp , but the importance of cognitive aspects should be borne in mind . papers should report original substantive research . theme : the role of syntax there is currently considerable debate regarding the place and importance of syntax in nlp . papers dealing with this matter will be given preference . invited speakers : the following speakers have agreed to give keynote talks : mark steedman , university of pennsylvania alison henry , university of ulster registration and accommodation : the registration fee will be ir # 60 , and will include proceedings , lunches and one evening meal . accommodation can be reserved in the campus residences at dcu . a single room is ir # 16 per night , with full irish breakfast an additional ir # 4 . accommodation will be "" first come , first served "" : there is a heavy demand for campus rooms in the summer . there are also several hotels and b&b establishments nearby : addresses will be provided on request . to register , contact alex monaghan at the addresses given below . payment in advance is possible but not obligatory . please state gender ( for accommodation purposes ) and any unusual dietary requirements . submission of abstracts : those wishing to present a paper at csnlp should submit a 400 - word abstract to arrive not later than 10 / 4 / 95 . abstracts should give the author 's full name and address , with email address if possible , and should be sent to : csnlp alex monaghan school of computer applications dublin city university dublin 9 ireland email submissions are preferred , plain ascii text please to : - - - - - - - - - alex @ compapp . dcu . ie ( internet ) completed papers should be around 8 pages long , although longer papers will be considered if requested . camera - ready copy must be submitted to arrive in dublin by 19 / 6 / 94 . no particular conference style will be imposed , but papers should be legible ( 12pt laser printed ) and well-structured . deadlines : 10th april - - - submission of 400 - word abstract 1st may - - - notification of acceptance 19th june - - - deadline for receipt of camera-ready paper ( c . 8 pages ) 26th june - - - final date for registration , accommodation , meals etc .
",0
1251,"Subject: symposium on spanish linguistics - linguistics in spain
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * spanish linguistics * linguistics in spain * spanish linguistics * * linguistics in spain * spanish linguistics * linguistics in spain * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * conference at umist , manchester , 19-20 may 1995 * speakers from spain and uk * organised by instituto cervantes , department of language and linguistics , umist , and the north - west centre for romance linguistics * talks in spanish and english obkectives and scope of the symposium the general purpose of the symposium is to bring to england some , mainly younger , researchers from spain to talk about their work , and let them meet a few researchers working in england for an exchange of views and possibly for establishing or renewing contacts . the research interest at the centre for computational linguistics ( ccl ) has traditionally been with computable linguistics and within this broader field we have concentrated mainly on applications such as machine translation , nlp , language engineering , call , terminology , databases , etc . with particular stress on the multilingual dimension for overcoming interlingual communication problems . this orientation has coloured our selection of speakers . while ccl does not have any particular strength in spanish linguistics , - - spanish is only taught to subsidiary level - - there is a regular presence of phd and msc students from spain in the centre which provides for continuous contacts with a number of spanish universities . the symposium is being organised jointly by the instituto cervantes of manchester and ccl , umist . the event is addressed to a small number of language specialists from uk universities not exceeding , including speakers , the number of 50 participants . admission to the symposium is therefore limited and an early indication of firm interest is appreciated . the language of papers is predominantly spanish . list of speakers dr gabriel amores . ( universidad de sevilla ) lecta : a spanish to english speech machine translation prototype . dr joseba abaitua . ( universidad de deusto ) ingenierma de la lengua y normalizacisn ling | mstica . victoria arranz . ( umist , manchester ) sublanguage - based nlp and corpus-based knowledge acquisition with reference to both english and spanish . dr toni badia . ( universitat pompeu fabra . barcelona ) los complementos de los nombres . dr john butt . ( king 's college london ) constraints on the use of the passive in spanish and english . prof teresa cabri . directora , institut universitari de ling | mstica apliacada . ( universitat pompeu fabra , barcelona ) el instituto universitario de ling | mstica aplicada de la universidad pompeu fabra : lmneas y proyectos . elena martmnez caro . ( universidad complutense de madrid ) el orden de los constituyentes como mecanismo de expresisn pragmatica en espaqol en contraste con los utilizados en inglis . prof josi luis cifuentes . ( universidad de alicante ) semantica y cognicisn de los usos prepositivos en espaqol . irina reyero . ( umist ) the representation of locative expressions in a cognitive nlp environment . a contrastive analysis in english and spanish . cost 15 pounds , including buffet lunch on saturday 20th may . a total of 40 places are available and will be allocated on a first come basis . please reserve your place by writing , fax or e-mail to the organiser . you will be sent a full programme and abstracts of the papers . for further details contact : vicente m . forcada - sanz symposioum : spanish linguistics - - linguistics in spain ccl , umist , p . o . box 88 manchester m60 1qd phone : 0161 200 3101 ( departmental office ) fax : 0161 200 3099 e-mail : vicente @ ccl . umist . ac . uk
",0
1252,"Subject: digital recorders
 
 a couple of weeks before the break i posted a message asking for information about portable digital recorders for phonetic / phonological fieldwork . since a couple of people told me that they were interested in knowing the results of my inquiry , here is a summary of the replies : several people who replied to me recommended sony recorders , in particular the tcd-d7 or the tcd-d10 . i am told that these machines are somewhat expensive . it appears that there is a cheaper but still adequate machine produced by jvc : jvc xd - p1 pro bk . the sony mini disc portable recorder mz - 1 was also highly recommended . thank you to everyone who replied to me : maquela brizuela , rianne doeleman , hannes pirker , ingo plag , stephanie maietta and alex francis . ( sorry if i am forgetting someone 's name ) . jose ignacio hualde dept . of spanish , italian , and portuguese 4080 flb univ . of illinois , urbana , il 61801 jihualde @ ux1 . cso . uiuc . edu
",0
1253,"Subject: 
 
 lang acquisition lopez ornat , susana : la adquisicion de la lengua espanyola . madrid , siglo xxi . ( c / plaza , 5 ; madrid-28043 ; o : cerro del agua , 248 ; mexico , d . f 04310 ) . isbn : 84-323 - 0847 - 1 . contiene , por primera vez en nuestro campo , los textos completos de la base de datos longitudinal de maria ( madrid ) entre 1 ; 7 y 4 ; 0 anyos . incluye tambien el analisis del proceso temprano de adquisicion de la morfosintaxis de la lengua espanyola . obtiene conclusiones tanto especificas de nuestra lengua como generales . el texto indica tambien como obtener los ficheros de datos textuales , su analisis linguistico y su analisis psicolinguistico a traves de una instruccion ftp . syntax two new books in syntax are available now ( at reduced prices ) : 1 . b . lust , m . suner , j . whitman ( eds ) . 1994 . syntactic theory and first language acquisition : cross-linguitic perspectives . volume 1 . heads , projections , and learnability . lawrence erlbaum press , n . j . ( special pre-paid price $ 39 . 95 ) ; 2 . b . lust , g . hermon , j . kornfilt ( eds ) . 1994 . syntactic theory and first language acquisition : cross-linguistic perspectives . volume 2 . binding , dependencies , and learnability . lawrence erlbaum press , n . j . ( special prepaid price $ 45 . 00 ) .
",0
1254,"Subject: job
 
 postdoctoral position at the max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen , the netherlands the max planck institute for psycholinguistics invites applications for a three-quarter - time postdoctoral research position in its language production research unit . the duration of the appointment will be three years . the junior staff member will participate in the research project on lexical access , which traces the process of spoken word production from accessing a lexical concept to the initiation and execution of a word 's articulation in context . the project relies heavily on reaction time experimentation and computational modeling ; it also links up with brain imaging work in the institute . applicants should have a phd in one of the relevant cognitive sciences ( such as psycholinguistics , phonology , phonetics ) . we are in particular interested in applicants who have the rare combination of skills in both reaction time experimentation and lexical / sub-lexical phonology , because phonological encoding of words is a major theme in the project . applications including a cv ( mention any languages you know ) , a list of publications / reports , and names of two referents should be sent per e-mail , fax , or letter to : prof . willem j . m . levelt , director max planck institute for psycholinguistics wundtlaan 1 nl-6525 xd nijmegen the netherlands fax : ( 31 - ) 80-521213 e-mail : pim @ mpi . nl deadline for applications : april 3 , 1995 . for further information you may contact : dr . antje meyer ( same address and fax number ) e-mail : asmeyer @ mpi . nl phone : ( 31 - ) 80-521309
",0
1255,"Subject: job opportunity - linguistic intern position
 
 linguistic summer internship lexicon naming , inc . , a consulting firm that develops worldwide brand names and new corporate names , seeks a full-time summer intern for its brand language group . the intern will collaborate with a team of staff linguists to : - produce reference materials for creative work on names for english and foreign markets . - prepare linguistic analyses of names using phonetic , morphological , and semantic criteria from the major world languages . - develop effective new ways of applying linguistics to the naming process . we would like to hear from applicants whose experience covers the study of both sound and meaning in a number of major languages of the world . we are interested in applicants with an in-depth background in key linguistic subdisciplines such as phonology and morphology , historical linguistics , and the linguistic study of metaphor . candidates for the internship should have a ph . d . in linguistics or should be working on a ph . d . dissertation in linguistics . the internship will be available starting in june , 1995 , for a period of three to four months . the salary range is $ 20 - $ 25 per hour , depending on education , credentials , and experience . please send a letter of application describing your interests , background , and availability , a curriculum vitae , names and addresses of three references , and three representative publications to : brand language group lexicon naming , inc . 3030 bridgeway sausalito ca 94965
",0
1256,"Subject: position announcement
 
 the department of tesl and applied linguistics at the university of california , los angeles announces an opening for a language testing specialist , rank to be determined . the position is a one-year temporary position , with the possibility of renewal for a second year , pending final budgetary approval . the appointee will be expected to teach three courses , such as a basic course in language testing , an advanced course in language test construction and administration , and a course in experimental design and statistical analysis for applied linguistics . the appointee will also take primary responsibility for overseeing the development and administration of the english as a second language placement exam ( eslpe ) and advise on other language testing projects the department is currently involved in . ph . d . in hand at time of application is preferred . applications must be received by april 15 , 1995 and should include letter , vita , three letters of reference , and representative publications . send applications to : chair , search committee , department of tesl & applied linguistics , 3300 rolfe hall , p . o . box 951531 , los angeles , ca 90095-1531 . fax : 310 / 206-4118 ; phone : 310 / 825-4631 . electronic mail inquiries can be addressed to lyn @ humnet . ucla . edu . ucla is an affirmative action , equal opportunity employer . women and members of underrepresented minorities are encouraged to apply .
",0
1257,"Subject: j . r . firth 's ' context of situation '
 
 thanks to the following people who kindly responded to my inquiry into work which attempts to apply j . r . firth 's notion of ' context of situation ' to studies of discourse : tom craven gudula stegmann graham mcgregor joe foley koenraad kuiper richard ogden in summary , it appears that although firth 's notion is familiar to many sociolinguists , discourse and conversation analysts - as evidenced in references typically appearing in overviews on the notion of ' context ' - surprisingly little work has been , or is being , actually undertaken on the topic . a reference where this phenomenon is exemplified is the introductory chapter in duranti , a . & goodwin , c . ( 1992 ) ( eds . ) rethinking context . cup . koenraad kuiper reports that he has a forthcoming paper which offers a reappraisal of the origins of the term ' context of situation ' ; graham mcgregor has conducted an ( unpublished ) study of person-reference which incorporates firth 's notion into his analytical approach . i shall be happy to inform readers of the list of my future uncoverings of applied firthian linguistics . alan firth aalborg university , denmark
",0
1258,"Subject: response to the linguist list query . . .
 
 several weeks ago , i submitted the following query to the the linguist list : ) do you know of any written description of soundex code and its rules ) i ' m writing a software program to help my wife decode surnames in her ) genealogical research . the only description i ' ve located to date is a ) summary leaving lots of unanswered questions . i received 12 responses , including two from australia and one from the uk . in total , they included the code for two c language programs , access to a third c function , a basic program and an offer of a pascal program , all which reputed to perform soundex translation . the origin of soundex was attributed to the 1880 us census as well as to odell and russel in 1920 . nearly all respondants referred to or paraphrased pages 391 through 392 of "" the art of computer programming , vol . 3 sorting and searching "" , donald knuth , addison wesley , 1973 for a description of the soundex algorithm . [ knuth attributed his description to 1918 and 1922 u . s . patents by margaret k . odell and robert c . russell . ] the respondants were : burns @ cyc . com goodr @ uxa . cso . uiuc . edu bill @ hivnet . ubc . ca evan . antworth @ sil . org goertzen @ rrnet . com ( included the code for soundex . bas , published in "" pc magazine 29 sep 92 , offer of a soundex routine in pascal , and direction to a c function metaphon ( ) "" which claims to correct flaws in the original soundex routine "" in the c gazette , june 1991 ) mis @ seiden . com ( included the code for two c language programs , one employing a table lookup , the other a switch statement ) macrakis @ osf . org ( included knuth 's references : us patents 1261167 ( 1918 ) , 1435663 ( 1922 ) ; j . acm 8 : 538 ( 1961 ) ; commun . acm 5 : 169 ( 1962 ) ; federal population censuses 1790-1890 ( national archives , 1971 ) , p 90 . sds5 @ ukc . ac . uk lojbab @ access . digex . net ( included a source for c code on the internet ) wasserman @ mary . fordham . edu jhs @ extro . ucc . su . oz . au mfw @ lexicon . oz . au thank you all for your interest and effort to respond .
",0
1259,"Subject: five words in lots of languages
 
 content - length : 1883 dear wonderfully cooperative linguist readers , the reponse to my request for translations in lots of languages of the words : memory foot water sun fire was such that i now have 66 languages . i could do with lots more though , so if you can give me these words in a language which does n't appear in the list below , i 'd be grateful : maltese , moore , hungarian , gilbertese , salinan / hokan , fula , wolof , hawaiian , marshallese , bislama , fijian , tagalog , cantonese , southern min , mandarin , pitjantjatjara , bahasa , achumawi , chickusaw , modern western armenian , spanish , catalan , portuguese , arabic , upper sorbian , chechen , egyptian hieroglyphic , turkish , basque , lappish / sa ( a ) mi , norwegian , west frisian , danish , swahili , breton , irish , san miguel chimalapa zoque , classical greek , latin , albanian , bosnian , bulgarian , croatian , czech , eastern ( meadow ) mari , erzya mordvin , farsi , finnish , french , galician , modern greek , modern hebrew , italian , japanese , korean , nenets , occitan , polish , rumanian , russian , shoshoni , slovene , swedish , thai , welsh and many thanks again to all those who responded to my original request . paul rowlett
",0
1260,"Subject: esrc quota awards for masters
 
 university of essex department of language and linguistics the department of language and linguistics has been awarded three esrc studentship quota awards to fund one ma student on each of the following advanced training courses in 1995 - 6 : * * * ma in applied linguistics * * * ma in sociolinguistics and language variation * * * ma in linguistics awards cover the course fees and provide a subsistence allowance at current research council rates , and are open for uk / eu students . nominations for the awards will be made by the department , which proposes to select the best candidate for each award on a competition basis . students wishing to apply for one of these awards should request an application form for the relevant scheme from the graduate admissions secretary in the department , making clear that they are are interested in the esrc quota award . the departmental closing date for consideration for the esrc quota awards is friday april 14th 1995 . short - listed candidates may be called for interview between april 14th and may 5th . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the department is a major centre for teaching and research in theoretical and applied linguistics and has achieved the highest rating for its research activities in each of the three research selectivity exercises in the uk . further details and an application form can be obtained from : graduate admissions secretary , department of language and linguistics , university of essex , wivenhoe park , colchester , co4 3sq , uk tel : + 44 1206 872083 fax : + 44 1206 872085 email : laladms @ essex . ac . uk
",0
1261,"Subject: phd studentships
 
 university of essex department of language and linguistics phd studentships one fully-funded phd studentship ( 3 years ) applications are invited from uk / eu students to pursue doctoral research for up to three years . fees will be paid by the university and students will receive a bursary from the department at current research council rates . one part-funded phd studentship ( 3 years ) applications are invited from students anywhere in the world to pursue doctoral research for up to three years . uk / eu rate fees will be paid by the university and students will receive a bursary from the department at current research council rates . non uk / eu students will eb liable for the residue of the fees ( current fee difference is 3 , 200 pounds per annum ) , although the possibility exists of applying for further support to the ors . students applying for either of the above studentships shoudl have a good first degree and be willing to investigate a topic compatible with the department 's research priorities . applications are particularly welcome from those wishing to pursue research in theoretical aspects of language acquisition ( first or second ) , syntax , psycholinguistics , sociolinguistics or phonology , but applicants with other interests should not be discouraged from applying . successful candidates will be required to undertake limited teaching and / or research assistant duties . the closing date is 31st march 1995 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the department is a major centre for teaching and research in theoretical and applied linguistics and has achieved the highest rating for its research activities in each of the three research selectivity exercises in the uk . web page at http : / / www . essex . ac . uk further details and an application form can be obtained from : graduate admissions secretary , department of language and linguistics , university of essex , wivenhoe park , colchester , co4 3sq , uk tel : + 44 1206 872083 fax : + 44 1206 872085 email : laladms @ essex . ac . uk
",0
1262,"Subject: thai lang school
 
 * * * * * announcement * * * * * the institute of language and culture for rural development , mahidol university will offer the regular and intensive courses "" thai for non-native speakers "" to the public in summer 1995 . both courses are basic courses for beginners who do not have any previous knowledge of thai . students will acquire listening and speaking skills and learn how to communicate basic needs concerning : travel , polite social interactions , ordering food , asking for directions , making purchases , and telling time . thai writing will also be introduced . regular course time : march 20 - may 8 , 1995 monday , wednesday and thursday , 9 . 00 - 12 . 00 place : pata department store , pinklao branch ( 4th floor of kfc building ) tuition : 5 , 900 baht ( covering all learning materials , excursions , and refreshments ) application : by march 15 , 1995 intensive course time : july 17 - august 4 , 1995 monday through friday , 9 . 30 - 14 . 30 place , tuition , and application : to be announced . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * application form * * * * * * thai for non-native speakers regular course 1995 title : mr . , ms . , mrs . , miss first name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . last name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . institution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mailing address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telephone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e - mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . signature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please submit your application form to : thai for non-native speakers institute of language and culture for rural development mahidol university at salaya nakornpathom 73170 tel . 441-9327 , 441-9514 , 441-9343 fax . 441-9517 e - mail : grsbr @ mucc . mahidol . ac . th
",0
1263,"Subject: re : 6 . 199 ipa
 
 why must this kind of stuff be decided by a vote ? since obviously ipa membership does not equal interest in the matter and never will , all that will be achieved if some of us join the ipa just to force this issue , is that it will be "" packed "" in some other way than the way it is now , but it will never be representative . why not let the invisible hand of the "" market "" of ideas operate freely instead ? as fewer and fewer people use ipa 's made-up symbols , either that organization will become completely irrelevant , or it will make up its own mind to respond to the "" market forces "" , or perhaps some other group will step in and by proposing a system that is manifestly better than anyone else 's , achieve standardization that way . i really think that if a few of the top names in phonetics got together with the editors of a few journals , they could probably come up with something . it could also simply come from anywhere else : if someone were to publish a truly superior system and people started using it . finally , in reality , it seems that certain trends are occurring anyway and that in particular the resistance to the hachek and the use of the corresponding ipa symbols are on the wane . if we can put up with the inconsistencies of american vs . canadian vs . british spelling , we can probably do just as well here . and if we are gonna worry about something , i would worry more about those cases where te same symbols have different commonly used meanings like ' j ' and ' y ' . alexis mr
",0
1264,"Subject: re : words that are their own opposites
 
 content - length : 129 how about this pair that are synonyms in one sense and antonyms in another - - outgoing : retiring mary s . neff ibm research
",0
1265,"Subject: self-opposites
 
 content - length : 333 jules levin wrote : ) this does n't quite qualify , but ' overlook ' means the opposite of ' look ) over ' : "" my accountant looked over my records but overlooked a deduction . . . "" "" the scandal has been blamed on an oversight on the part of the senate oversight committee . "" anton sherwood * \ \ * + 1 415 267 0685 * \ \ * dasher @ netcom . com
",0
1266,"Subject: words that are their own opposites
 
 jules levin , in contrasting "" look over "" with "" overlook "" , has come close to citing my favorite autoantonym : oversight . as in "" the epa 's [ u . s . environmental protection agency 's ] oversight of toxic dumping . "" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lee hartman ga5123 @ siucvmb . siu . edu department of foreign languages southern illinois university carbondale , il 62901-4521 u . s . a .
",0
1267,"Subject: re : 6 . 108 sum : words that are their own opposites ( part 2 )
 
 after attending a meeting , i heard someone say , "" the acceptance of this plan will depend on its oversight . "" i immediately thought of the meaning : "" an unintentional omission or mistake "" ( ahd ) . what was intended , however , was another meaning : "" watchful care or management ; supervision "" ( ahd ) . the latter meaning , i think , is becoming the more common one , but it still startles me . in the same way , synonyms may become antonyms in compounds . "" to oversee "" is quite different from "" to overlook . "" i would also point out that nonstandard "" borrow "" for "" lend "" is still heard . it may have about the same distribution as "" learn "" to mean "" teach . "" up to at least the sixties , english textbooks for high schools carried stern admonitions for both . so these uses must have been quite common . finally , there is the famous "" bad "" of black english , which signifies its opposite . antithetical meanings may be common in slang for their shock value . "" man , she 's one tough babe , "" could indicate two quite contrasting , if not opposite meanings .
",0
1268,"Subject: re : 6 . 293 words that are their own opposites
 
 sue morrish 's posting on shame in australian reminded me of a weird fact about the same word in south african english , according to some sa friends . this is that "" shame ! "" is used as an exclamation of joy by , for example , old ladies seeing a newborn baby or a fluffy animal . the supposed explanation is that "" shame ! "" as an exclamation of disapproval became an exclamation of sympathy for somebody who has been ill-treated ( so far , this parallels a shift that i ' m familiar with too ) . it then bleached out still further in sa to a mere "" back channel utterance "" , indicating that the listener was still paying ( sympathetic ) attention , and then became a positive expression of pleasure . can anybody confirm either the data or the explanation ? btw , wrt benji wald 's posting , i understood the origin of a ' lucus a non lucendo ' to be st isidore of seville 's _ origines sive etymologiae _ ( 7th c ) - according to father dinneen 's book on the history of linguistics i think . john t waterman in his little book perspectives on linguistics ( 1963 ) gives another example from the same source : bellum ( war ) from bellus ( beautiful ) , because war is far from beautiful ! regards , paul werth
",0
1269,"Subject: human and non - human languages
 
 bearing on the question of primate language skills is the observation that they appear not to imitate the * manner * of doing something - - controverting the "" monkey see , monkey do "" saw . a clue as to why people have cultures and languages and primates do not came up in a national geographic series on primate research that i saw a few weeks ago . they had shown some chimps using sticks to poke through holes in a "" beehive "" and suck off honey , introducing the topic of tool use . in the next segment , the researcher had some candy on a table surrounded by some sort of cage with vertical bars . he had a primitive kind of rake with three wide-spaced tines resting on the table , the handle through the bars . the chimp had the same , on an adjacent section of the table . if the tines were down , they could n't get the candy because the wide-spaced tines could n't retain it . the researcher demonstrated flipping the rake over . with the back of the rake on the table top , it was easy to pull the candy to one 's hand . no matter how often he saw it , the chimp did n't get it . the inference from this and other experiments was that the primate perceives use of the tool to accomplish the end , but does not attend to the manner of using the tool . in the next segment , there is a similar setup with a small child . the child fails with the tines down . then the adult demonstrates flipping his rake over . the child immediately , on the next turn , does the same , even moving the rake through a curving path very much like that executed by the adult 's rake , to capture the object ( a block ) and pull it back to the edge . in support of this hypothesis , i believe there are no observations of cultural differences between one community of primates and another comparable to differences of human "" body language "" style and linguistic dialect - - differences in the manner of doing the "" same "" things , functionally inconsequential differences such that "" we "" do these things this way and "" they "" do the same things that way . bruce nevin bn @ lightstream . com
",0
1270,"Subject: sum : speaking in tongues
 
 this is a summary of my query on speaking in tongues of a month back . i posted three queries on various matters about simultaneously , and this was by far the one which generated most correspondence ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the original query : dear all , has anyone studied or systematically recorded what people actually produce when they "" speak in tongues "" - - at revival meetings and such occasions ? a friend of mine noted that the sounds produced tend to sound remarkably alike each other . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - short answer : in addition to various studies and papers there seems to be or to have been two major researchers in the area : felicitas goodman , and william samarin ; goodman using an anthropological method and samarin a linguistic one . they both published in the seventies . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - thanks to all who responded with comments , notes , references : rich alderson , keith allan , jeffrey howard allen , jose r . alvarez , susan burt , steve chandler , linda coleman , ellen contini - morava , alan davies , patricia donegan , brian drayton , sheila embleton , anthea f gupta , jacques guy , stephen helmreich , wayne leman , wenchao li , mark mitton , david l . moore , tim pulju , j . a . rea , malcolm ross , dale russell , deborah sweeney , shana walton , and some who preferred not to be named . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - list of references : i received the following references , most of which i have not yet dug out . goodman , felicitas ( 1969 ) . phonetic analysis of glossolalia in four cultural settings . journal for the scientific study of religion ( : 227-239 . goodman , felicitas ( 1972 ) . speaking in tongues . a cross - cultural study of glossolalia . the university of chicago press . samarin , william ( 1972a ) . tongues of men and angels . the religious language of pentecostalism . the macmillan company . samarin , william ( 1972b ) . variation and variables in religious glossolalia . language in society 1 : 121-130 . samarin , william ( 1973 ) . glossolalia as regressive speech . language and speech 16 : 77-89 . samarin , william ( 1974 ) . review of goodman ( 1972 ) . language 5 : 207-213 . malony h . n . & lovekin a . a . 1985 . glossolalia , new york , oxford university press . dilia flores . analisis y comparacian de hablas sagradas en tres formas de trance - posesian : un estudio en etnografia de la comunicacion . universidad del zulia , 1987 . a study of glossolalia and related phenomena in maracaibo , venezuela . _ tongue speaking _ , morton kelsey ( new york : crossroad , 1981 ) . _ they speak with other tongues _ , by john l . sherrill ( westwood , new jersey : fleming h . revell , 1964 ) , a popular treatment . _ the pentecostal movement in the catholic church _ by edward d . o'connor ( notre dame , indiana : ave maria press , 1971 ) claims cases of xenolalia ( speaking in an unlearned , existing language ) . and a recommendation to perform a library search for donald clarence laycock which might uncover a few things on glossolalia . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - fuller information , from the replies sent to me : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - basically , the finding was that the native language of the speaker was a pretty good predictor of the kinds of sounds that would occur in glossolalia ; one general pattern was that sounds perceived as generally marking "" foreign "" speech ( whatever that may mean ) would occur , while sounds perceived as typical of the native language would not . thus , for american english speakers , / r / would be rendered as the alveolar trill , never as the american retroflex ; on the other hand , these speakers would not include the low front vowel in their glossolalia , / ae / - as-digraph , because that 's perceived as a typically "" american "" sound for some reason . on the other hand , truly exotic sounds - - those not typical of the native language , but that do n't happen to be familiar to speakers of the language - - would tend not to occur : american english speakers do n't produce clicks in their glossolalia . and yes , the inventory of sounds is very simple and the sequence is repetitive . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - as a former church-goer myself who believed i had the ability to speak in tongues , i used to wonder a lot about the repetitive ( and ' primitive ' ? ) nature of the sounds that i produced and heard from others around , and also at the way people within a particular church tended to sound like one another ( but slightly different from people attending a different church ) . . . a case of unconscious ' copying ' ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i was told by one observer that i keep my british accent when i sing in tongues ; other people tell me this is not so . to my own ears , the sounds i produce are not like any language i know but they do occur in recurring patterns . i think they have predominantly l 's , s 's and vowels . the most articulate ( as distinct from hagiographic ) evaluation i received was that there are two continental charismatic traditions - a french one concentrating on melodious spontaneous song and a german / english one concentrating on speech . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i wanted to share my own experience : an old quaker minister ( from a very old-fashioned meeting which had come under the influence of pentecostalism ) came on a religious visit to our area and spent the night at our house . during a period of prayer in my living room , he spoke in tongues . i had never heard such a thing before , except in imitation , and i was impressed by the monotony of it . i can't make this machine do a phonetic transcription , but it was ( in a very quiet sing-song ) something like / ' a : ' tikari ' ka : ' tika ti ' ka : ti ' ka : / and then repeated ( the ' = primary stress ) . the shakers , a dying sect here known for their ecstatic group dancing and singing , incorporated "" tongues "" into many of their songs , in stylized form , and there were relatively few syllables used there as well - - ba , lo , ta , ti , ka , la and a few others . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - for a short answer , dredged out of my memory ( i wrote my undergraduate honors paper on this topic in 1973 ! ) : glossolalia is not a language , of course - - its users seem to latch onto and them repeat sounds that sound foreign to them , and intersperse the name jesus in between the sounds - - at least this was the case with glosslalia produced by american english speakers that i heard . jesus was pronounced , as i recall , as in english . many glossolalia users , however , think that they are speaking another human language , and will eagerly press this point to the visiting linguist , anthropologist or undergraduate . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - some years ago as an undergraduate , i memorized the first eleven lines to beowulf . occasionally i recited them to people ( i still do ) . once i recited them to a friend from alabama , and she told me that if i did that back where she came from , folks would say i was speaking in tongues . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - anecdotally , when i was an undergrad , one of my professors mentioned having seen a study or two on glossolalia . the studies indicated that the phoneme inventory was always quite small , smaller than that found in practically any natural language . maybe even smaller than the hawaiian inventory of thirteen phonemes , although my professor did n't go into details . my professor was a fundamentalist christian herself as well as an excellent linguist . she did believe that glossolalia was , at least in some cases , an inspired state and that people in that state were often speaking genuine languages . however , they were n't natural human languages . my professor pointed out that there was no reason to assume that they would be natural human languages , that people could speak in heavenly tongues which are meaningless to those on earth but which do have meaning , even if earthly people can't understand them . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - regards , and thanks j jussi karlgren jussi . karlgren @ sics . se sw inst of comp sc ( sics ) spr } kteknologi / natural language processing box 1263 , 164 28 kista ph + 46 8 752 15 00 , fax + 46 8 751 72 30 stockholm , sweden http : / / sics . se / ~ jussi / jussi-karlgren . html
",0
1271,"Subject: aaas
 
 what follows are the minutes of the meeting of section z - linguistics and the language science - - held during the atlanta aaas annual meeting . the section committee hopes that this will be of interest to all linguists and once again urges any linguist not yet a member of aaas to join and select section z as their priary affiliation . ( a membership form follows the minutes ) v . fromkin , section z , secretary = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = section z - - linguistics & the language sciences section meeting - february 17 , 1995 , 2 : 30 - 5 : 30 pm marriott marquis , atlanta , ga . minutes attendance : retiring chair barbara lust , chair , richie kayne , chair - elect stephen anderson , chair elect 1995 sarah thomason , secretary , vicki fromkin , members of steering committee : paul chapin , ilse lehiste , paul chapin , section z representative to aaas council , arnold zwicky , and 10-25 individuals ( 20 signed the attendance sheet ) . ( 1 ) the meeting was called to order and chaired by chair richie kayne . the attendees were asked to introduce themselves . ( 2 ) the minutes of the feb . 21 , 1993 section meeting were distributed and approved . ( 3 ) the results of the last election were reported : sarah ( sally ) thomason was elected chair - elect for 1995 , and david caplan was elected member at large 1995 - 1998 . the members of the steering committee for 1995 ( as of february 21 , 1995 ) therefore consist of : retiring chair richie kayne , chair stephen anderson , chair elect sarah thomason , secretary victoria a . fromkin , members - at - large : david caplan , paul chapin , ilse lehiste . arnold zwicky remains as the council delegate through 1996 . the chair expressed the appreciation of all members of section z to retiring chair barbara lust ( who will serve on the council in 1995 ) and david pesetsky . ( 4 ) four sessions were sponsored by section z at this meeting : bilingualism : when is the best age to learn a second language ? ; endangered languages ; linguistic science and language technology : machines and human language ; structures of language : batons for cognitive science and neuroscience . in addition , section z cosponsored a session organized by the psychology section : instincts to learn . kenneth hale presented one of the topical lectures - - the scientific cost of the global loss of linguistic diversity . ken hale s lecture and the session on endangered languages received a great deal of interest from the press . ( this issue made national press coverage by the time of the section meeting , ) the section extended its gratitude to the session organizers and speakers , and to ken hale for their efforts in bringing linguistics to the general scientific community at the aaas . ( 5 ) dr . susan speece , chair of the department of biological sciences at anderson university , anderson in , who has been appointed as education liaison from the education section to section z was introduced . she distributed copies of life science standards and curriculum development for k-12 and reported on the work of the science education reform committee of the national research council and asked for suggestions and input from our section regarding science education k-12 and also undergraduate science education . , a discussion followed in which it was announced that stephen crain is heading a committee of the linguistic society of american on linguistics in the curriculum which is also concerned with the teaching of linguistic science in the schools . it was suggested that crain be asked to contact dr . speece . individuals were urged to view the poster paper linguistics in the schools : developing an epistemology of science by maya honda and wayne o neil on display from 10 : 30 to 3 : 30 on saturday , february 18 , in the marriott south exhibit hall . this poster paper is directly related to the subject under discussion . ( 6 ) budget . vicki fromkin reported on the budget situation . up to this meeting , section z received $ 2500 / annum from the aaas office which was supposed to cover the travel expenses of the section officers for the annual meeting , refreshments , and any expenses of the ssponsored sessions ( organizers and speakers ) that could be provided . last year we offered no support to symposia speakers . thus , this year after subtracting the probable expenses of the officers , the section budget total came to approximately $ 2500 . symposia organizers sent their requests to vicki fromkin . after she determined the cheapest possible fares of the speakers , she divided the sum so that no speaker who had requested funds would suffer financially more than the others and recommended to the aaas staff that these sums be disbursed . this leaves the section with a zero balance . at the planning committee which she attended , vicki reported that the staff had decided to change the section budgets . the expenses of the officers would no longer be deducted from the section allocation but would be borne by the central office . however , the sections would now receive much lower allocations ; section z will only receive $ 1000 / annum . it is urgent that symposia organizers inform their invited speakers that there is little if any money for expenses and speakers should attempt to find money elsewhere . ( 7 ) 1996 aaas annual meeting , baltimore , maryland , 8-13 february 1996 . proposals for sessions are due april 1 , 1995 . a general discussion was held regarding sessions to be sponsored by section z . the section agreed that it would like to see the following session organized . ( note that these are not necessarily the titles of the symposia to be submitted but rather signify the contents we would like to see presented . ) ( the name in parenthesis after each is the person designated to contact the proposed organizers ) i . language in the schools . proposed organizers wayne o neil , maya honda , walt wolfram ( wayne o neil ) ii . new technology ( e . g . mri , ct , pet ) in the study of the biology of language . proposed organizer : david caplan ( v . fromkin ) iii . the structure and acquisition of sign languages . proposed organizer : ursula bellugi ( v . fromkin ) iv . child language acquisition . proposed organizer : lila gleitman ( v . fromkin ) v : connectionism vs . symbolic systems models of cognition . proposed organizer : paul smolensky ( steve anderson ) ( following the meeting some of the members of the section steering committee proposed that geoffrey nunberg also be asked to submit a proposal on prescriptivism / the equality of dialects / english only legislation or such related issues . fromkin and anderson will contact him ) barbara lust informed the section that we also received a tentative idea for a possible symposium from lisa menn ( working with both lsa and asha ) which would be on theoretical , modeling and therapeutic studies of the acquisition of phonology . this was referred to sharon goldsmith of asha for further consideration for their support . ( 8 ) 1997 aaas annual meeting , seattle , washington . an opening discussion on possible sessions for the seattle meeting was held it was suggested that individuals should submit proposals to the nsf to fund sessions on reports of current research which would be of interest to the scientific community . such proposals should be submitted to paul chapin by no later than july 15 , 1995 in order to have a funding decision from nsf by december 1995 , in time to submit a session proposal to the aaas program committee . ( 9 ) membership . as of the time of the meeting , 169 members of aaas had selected section z as their primary affiliation , and according to mike spinella ( aaas staff , who attended the meeting briefly ) , 141 had designated section z as their secondary affiliation and 205 as their third . this total of 515 satisfies the aaas requirements for establishing section z as a permanent section of the aaas . in the words of mike spinella you re in ! . however , it is important that we continue to increase the members whose first affiliation is to our section . we would like to see that number grow to a minimum of 400 . in the discussion on methods to increase membership it was suggested that we ask the lsa if we can include a letter from the section chair and secretary in the regular mailings to linguistic department chairs asking if each department would subsidize the membership fee for one member ( probably the chair ) of the department . if the chair is already a member , another person should be designated , who could be elected by the faculty or determined in some other way . this would substantially increase our membership . sharon goldsmith from asha announced that she would be willing to place a notice in the asha newsletters and publications which go to 80 , 000 of their members . paul chapin agreed to draft a letter to send to asha for this purpose . it was also suggested that a membership form be included in the mailings . she also thanked section z for their support of the symposium on bilingualism which was organized by asha and introduced david kean , of the asha research and tehcnology committee . . barbara lust suggested that we contact all the international organizations such as lagb who supported the formation of the new section and ask them to publicize the section and urge their members to join . the question of the cost of joining aaas was discussed . there was confusion as to the cost of joining as a supporting member ( without receiving science ) particularly for foreign applicants . mike spinella assured us that supporting memberships cost $ 35 . 00 for us , and all non - us members . on the application form this $ 35 . fee is stated only for spouses of members , but we were assured that it is for anyone who joins as a supporting member . ( 10 ) endangered languages . michael strauss spoke on the importance of our establishing ties with non-linguists concerned with conservation and diversity , i . e . conservation biology , etc . david harmon of the george wright society of the world parks congress was introduced and told the group that until recently he did not realize the extent of the problem re maintaining linguistic diversity and the dangers facing endangered languages . he supported the suggestion that linguists concerned with this issue work together with other groups interested in cultural and biological diversity and endangered species . ( 11 ) at the 1994 meeting , it was agreed that it was important for linguists to submit research articles to science . this was reiterated . it was pointed out that one cannot complain about the contents of the journal and the heavy weighting toward biology if we do not submit articles . should they consistently be rejected we would then have grounds for complaint . ( 12 ) vicki fromkin announced that the international congress of linguists ( organized by the permanent international committee of linguistics , better known by its french initials cipl ) would be held in paris , in july of 1997 . ( 13 ) michael strauss , the director of annual meetings on the aaas staff and estrella m . triana , the senior program associate , aaas directorate for education & human resources programs were introduced . estrella triana announced that 1998 was the 150th anniversary of aaas and urged members to support the issuing of a aaas commemorative stamp . she also announced the fund raising drive for a new building , and reminded members that sections of the aaas were entitled to hold meetings in the aaas building in washington , dc . the meeting was adjourned submitted by v . fromkin , secretary section z = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = membership request form mail to : aaas - po box 2033 marion oh 43306-2133 or fax to ( 202 ) 842 1065 name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ membership category : ( includes 51 issues of science ) * regular member $ 97 * postdoctoral $ 72 ( payment required with order , ) * student $ 50 ( payment & student id required ) supporting member $ 35 ( does not include science ) check enclosed _ _ _ bill me later _ _ _ ( regular members ) visa _ _ _ _ master card _ _ _ _ credit card number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp date section z primary affiliation : _ _ _ _ ( check here ) * all include 51 issues of science .
",0
1272,"Subject: sum . : history of capitalisation in english
 
 back in late january / early february i posted a query to linguist about sources on the history of capitalisation in english . several people responded asking me to post a summary to the list on any replies i might receive . my apologies for the delay , but i have been fighting three different winter "" bugs "" ( some viral , some bacterial ) since my original posting , and then had to rush to catch up on acadaemic commitments before the end of term ! anyway , here is the summary . . . . the most immediate "" success "" reply , so to speak , came from david denison at u . of manchester , u . k . : mrcepdd @ fsl . art . man . ac . uk . david suggested the following article : osselton , noel ( 1985 ) ' spelling - book rules and the capitalization of nouns in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries ' . in arn , mary - jo and hanneke wirtjes ( eds . ) . * * historical and editorial studies in medieval and modern english : for johan gerritsen . * * wolters - noordhoff , groningen , pp . 49-61 . to my delight , i found that "" my "" university library ( knight lib . at the u . of oregon ) had precisely this volume . the article ( chapter ) is only 6 pages long , but contains as well a list of spelling books and grammars , etc . to which osselton referred in the text . there is also a page of notes . this reference is the most useful i have yet seen , and i will be using it ( when i have the time ) as a foundation for finding more info . on this topic . a good place to start , i think . a reply from john e . koontz ( koontz @ bldr . nist . gov ) pointed me towards usenet lists which , i regret , i have not yet been able to try . john suggests comp . fonts , or hte repositories of past usenet postings ( he is not sure where they are ) , or the usenet faq collections . also , comp . text . larry rosenwald ( lrosenwald @ wellesley . edu ) suggested looking into the literature of printing history , as he reminded me that "" in fact capitalization was often regularized by the printer . "" henry rogers ( rogers @ epas . utoronto . ca ) wrote and remarked that "" [ t ] he distinction between upper and lower case in the roman alphabet obviously developed in the writing of the middle ages . . . "" i confess that my knowledge of the middle ages is not sufficient to know why this is "" obvious "" , and i have n't yet managed to contact henry to find out . do you have a moment to respond , please , henry ? eleanor olds batchelder ( eobgc @ cunyvm . cuny . edu ) suggested i might look at geoffrey nunberg 's writings , "" esp . his history of punctuation "" , but she noted that this is "" just a hunch "" , as she has not yet read the work . nor have i , yet ! a final response came from stavros macrakis ( macrakis @ osf . org ) with the following suggestions : "" i note that there is a library of congress ( tn3270 locis . loc . gov ) heading capitalization , but most of the books there are prescriptive or educational . there is also a subheading capitalization under languages , but english language - - capitalization gives only workbooks . i found some books on german capitalization which may ( or may not ) be helpful . see below . harvard 's catalogue lists 15 books on english capitalization , all prescriptive . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = materialien zur historischen entwicklung der gross - und kleinschreibungsregeln / wolfgang mentrup ( hg . ) . tuebingen : niemeyer , 1980 . 336 p . lc call # pf3147 . m34 subjects [ for mentrup ] : german language - - capitalization - - history . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + moulin , claudine . der majuskelgebrauch in luthers deutschen briefen ( 1517-1546 ) . heidelberg : winter , 1990 . xxxiii , 462 pp . subjects : luther , martin german language - - capitalization german language - - orthography and spelling originally presented as author 's doctoral thesis , 1989 , in otto - friedrich - universitaet , bamberg . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = that is all . i would like to thank everyone who replied , even if only to express an interest . it was heartening to know that other people find this a tantalizing question as well . to conclude , i would like to put forward some further questions that have occurred to me as a result of the responses i received . . . . 1 ) in connection to the point about the rise of the printing industry as an important influence in * * regularising * * the use of capitalisation , i still have questions about the way people capitalised before the printing press . for instance , in religious writings , such as the book of kells ( eire ) , we find capital letters , ornately decorated , at the start of portions of text / top of the page . why were capitals used ? i have n't seen copies of the work , but did adam bede do the same ? 2 ) building on ( 1 ) , i then ask , where / why did the idea of capitalisation arise in the first place ? in quite a number of other writing systems of the world , a method of marking "" important "" words with a larger , and slightly different version , of the "" normal "" sized letters is completely absent . thus , who / why / where did capitalisation come into being ? we take this so much for granted , i wonder if we can still re - / discover the reasoning behind this "" distinctiveness "" strategy . ( and as a final parting shot , so to speak , i would like to point out that in english writing we use a capital letter for the 1st . p . s . in all environments , but not for any other person ! why ? was this a printing influence too ( e . g . , to distinguish it from small "" i "" in roman numerals ? ) . ) from talking to a local professor , russian , for instance , ( if i remember correctly ) , does not have this distinction . how about other language writing systems , european or not ? and what effect does this english pattern have on us psychologically ? in the sense that "" i "" is more important than "" you , them "" etc . ? ) . once again , thank-you to all respondents . i look forward to discussion , if any , on my questions - - either post to list or to me directly . regards to all , anthea . * * "" words do n't mean , people mean . . . . "" * * ( have forgotten the author of this reminder ) . afb .
",0
1273,"Subject: new www server at the university of edinburgh
 
 the linguistics department at the university of edinburgh now has a www server . the url is http : / / www . ling . ed . ac . uk information is available about the department , about staff and student research interests , ongoing projects , undergraduate and graduate study . there are also links to our anonymous ftp server , where various research papers are available on-line , and to other related departments and centres at the university of edinburgh . - - caroline heycock
",0
1274,"Subject: fracas project ( computational semantics ) - deliverables , www home page
 
 we would like to announce the world wide web page of the fracas project , at url : http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ fracas / fracas - a framework for computational semantics - is a two-year , lre - funded project studying theories of semantic interpretation and their application in natural language processing . the participants in the project are cwi amsterdam , sri cambridge , and the universities of edinburgh , saarbruecken , and stuttgart . the deliverables produced in the first year of the project are available : from our www site ; by ftp at ftp . cogsci . ed . ac . uk , directory pub / fracas ; or by sending mail to fracas @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk . ( a list of the deliverables is enclosed below . ) our www site includes pointers to the deliverables , to the www pages of the participating sites , to other projects in computational semantics , and to sites involved in research in natural language processing . for more information on the fracas project , contact : the fracas project administrator university of edinburgh centre for cognitive science 2 buccleuch place edinburgh eh8 9lw , scotland , uk fracas @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk the members of the fracas consortium . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - recent fracas deliverables - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - deliverable d7 , december 1994 : harmonizing the approaches our preliminary work towards harmonizing the approaches to semantics that are studied in fracas has led , on the one hand , to the compilation of a list of basic linguistic phenomena that a semantic theory has to account for ; this list has been used to arrive at the in-depth comparison among the semantic theories under study presented in deliverable 8 . on the other hand , we identified a set of basic semantic tools such as generalised quantifiers theory or abstraction that all of the theories under discussion make use of , although very often these tools are interpreted in different ways in the theories under discussion ( e . g . , although all theories have a notion of abstraction , the actual properties of the abstraction operation in these theories differ widely ) . both the list of basic linguistic phenomena and the set of basic semantic tools are discussed in this deliverable . we also address the issue of whether the problems that are important from a technical point of view are also important from the point of view of natural language processing applications , by identifying a set of forms of natural language use that one could reasonably expect an nlp system will have to deal with , and by verifying whether the technically challenging data can be encountered in these forms of text . - - - - - deliverable d8 , december 1994 : describing the approaches this deliverable contains a detailed discussion of the semantic tools used by the five semantic theories studied in the fracas project - discourse representation theory , update and dynamic logic , monotonic semantics , property theory , and situation theory - together with a presentation of the syntax / semantics interface adopted by each theory . - - - - - deliverable d9 , december 1994 : the state of the art in computational semantics : evaluating the descriptive capabilities of semantic theories in this deliverable we discuss the analyses of the linguistic phenomena discussed in deliverables d7 proposed by the five semantic theories studied in the fracas project and presented in deliverable d8 . - - - - - deliverable d10 , january 1994 : evaluating the state of the art in this deliverable we discuss the themes of the interface to semantics , underspecification , contextual reasoning , inference , and lexical semantics . we present a brief survey of some implemented systems that are based at least in part on some of the approaches to semantics that we have described in deliverables d8 and d9 . in order to ground discussion of the various themes and approaches in this deliverable we include an annotated text ( "" eurodisney "" ) that illustrates the range and variety of semantic phenomena to be found even in the simplest newspaper article . we classify the phenomena illustrated by this text so as to give some idea of what is within the state of the art , and what areas still require a good deal of research . the final section amplifies this latter theme , trying to summarise the future directions that computational semantics might need to take in order to achieve some of the goals sketched out earlier in the document .
",0
1275,"Subject: news from the ippe ( 08 mar 95 )
 
 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = news from the ippe - - 7 mar 95 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - world wide web access redesigned - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - in support of the mission of the international philosophical preprint exchange to facilitate the exchange of working papers between philosophers world-wide , carolyn burke of the ippe has recently redesigned our world wide web access , making it much easier to use , and enabling philosophers to locate papers of interest to them in the ippe 's collection with greater ease than ever before . the ippe 's world wide web service supplements the previous methods of access via gopher , ftp , and automated email ( see the end of this newsletter for details on all these access methods ) . the ippe 's www service is available by opening the url http : / / phil-preprints . l . chiba-u . ac . jp / ippe . html using netscape , mosaic , lynx , or any other www browser ( we recommend netscape ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - status report - - - - - - - - - - - - - the ippe continues to enjoy a rate of access of over 100 users per day at our main site in japan . additional accesses to the many north american and european sites mirroring the ippe collection probably greatly exceed this number , but are difficult to quantify . in addition , the rate of submissions to the ippe has climbed steeply in recent weeks . we are delighted by this trend , and encourage all philosophers to submit their manuscripts to the ippe in order to benefit from the commentary of their peers . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for volunteers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the ippe seeks motivated and enthuiastic volunteers to assist in the areas of administration , publicity , and technical support . we especially seek persons able to carry out some or all of the following tasks : - liason with the ippe 's international user population of professional philosophers , graduate students , the editorial staffs of philosophical journals , and the staffs of other on-line projects in the humanities and social sciences - editorial work on the newsletter and publicity materials - administrative activities ( regarding funding , etc . ) - computer support work : unix and cgi scripting and related activities . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the ippe staff - - - - - - - - - - - - - - coordinators : dr . syun tutiya ( chiba university ) and dr . richard reiner ( visiting in ' 95 at the center for philosophy of science , university of pittsburgh ) . adminstrator : carolyn l burke ( cmu ) . board members : dr . george gale ( university of missouri , kansas city ) , andrew burday ( mcgill university ) , istvan berkeley ( university of alberta ) , stephen rice ( york university ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - accessing the ippe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - to access the ippe , proceed as follows : by www : open the url http : / / phil-preprints . l . chiba-u . ac . jp / ippe . html by gopher : use gopher to go to either apa . oxy . edu or kasey . umkc . edu by ftp : ftp to either phil - preprints . l . chiba - u . ac . jp , or mrcnext . cso . uiuc . edu by email : mail to phil-preprints - service @ phil - preprints . l . chiba - u . ac . jp to place a paper or comment on the ippe : see pub / submissions / readme . if you have questions : send mail to carolyn burke at the address ( cburke @ nexus . yorku . ca ) .
",0
1276,"Subject: 6 . 351 language policy
 
 frank ashen focussed on the divisive effects of promoting one of several indigenous languages to the position of official language and used the much quoted justification that speakers of not-chosen languages may feel disadvantaged . he did not mention the effect of the introduction of a foreign world language on the vernaculars . the introduction of foreign official language has , in africa , led to explicit negative attitudes amongst the speakers themselves towards their languages . the alternative to the selection of an indigenous language as official language seems to be to disadvantage the whole population . in most african countries the foreign official language generally has a very low penetration so that only the elite know it . knowledge of the official language then becomes a new factor that determines access to power and the well-paid jobs . at the same time the vernaculars are ignored or stigmatised . this means that no or very little funds are available for their development and teaching . this means , to come back to tove skutnabb - kangas ' comments , that the population cannot exercise their "" right to learn their mother tongue , both orally and in writing , up to a high level . "" the assumption that frank ashen quotes is based on a false departure point , namely that only a colonial language can save an african country from being torn up by its own internal divisions . i do n't recall any wars based on language differences prior to colonisation . africa solved its linguistic diversity by developing lingua francas . djit ? recently ( 1993 ) showed that the use of so-called international languages such as english and french have not solved the communication problems of the african masses but in many cases contributed towards the "" pathology of linguistic bakwardness "" . the fact that these languages ( such as wolof , swahili , hausa , lingala ) are actually spreading - without much official help - seems to indicate "" a general willingness for cooperation and a cultural and linguistic tolerance that ignores the political boundaries inherited from colonization "" djit ? ( 1993 : 162 ) . spencer ( 1985 : 395 ) claims that the introduction of european languages to africa retarded the spread of what he calls "" african vehicular languages "" . however , adegbija ( 1994 : 26-27 ) is sceptical of the ability of african lingua francas of being accepted outside their present geographical domains . he also warns against the imposition of these languages . it would seem that we need a three-language policy such as that of india : one language for communication with the outside world known by a relatively small section of the population ; one lingua franca for national and regional communication and the various vernaculars for local business and primary education . in many african countries this is the de facto situation and trilingualism is more common in africa than outside linguists seem to realise . this suggestion might avoid the subtractive language learning ( that characterises many african communities ) and that tove skutnabb - kangas finds "" a violation of minorities ' linguistic rights "" . the sources that i referred to : adegbija , e . 1994 language attitudes in africa : a sociolinguistic overview . clevedon : multilingual matters . djit ? , p . g . 1993 "" language development in africa . "" in : international journal of the sociology of language 100 / 101 : 149-166 . spencer , j . 1985 "" language and development in africa : the unequal equation . "" in : wolfson , n . and j . manes ( eds . ) 1985 language of inequality . berlin : mouton : 387-397 . august cluver department of linguistics university of south africa
",0
1277,"Subject: summary : german / ts / ( tsch )
 
 several weeks ago i posted a query as to whether german / ts / , as in ( tschu "" s ) and < deutsch > , was best regarded as a single segment or as a sequence . i received nine replies , and there was no consensus . as far as i could tell ( not all respondents were fully committal ) , the responses break down as follows : it 's a single segment : 3 it 's a sequence : 2 either analysis is defensible : 1 no firm position : 3 guess i ' m still in the dark . my thanks to charles scott , mark mandel , geoffrey nathan , alexis manaster - ramer , jakob dempsey , michael jesson , ursula doleschal , john jeep , and reinhard hahn for responding . i replied individually to all of them , but two of my replies mysteriously bounced . larry trask cogs university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh england larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk
",0
1278,"Subject: old irish expert required for quick query
 
 i believe old irish had word-accent on the first-syllable . 1 ) was there an alliterative-verse tradition ? 2 ) any evidence that allit . phrases might have been a feature of ordinary or of any kinds of hight-register speech ? thanks , richard dury
",0
1279,"Subject: spontaneous nasalisation
 
 i am presently working on constituing a bank of data on spontaneous vowel nasalisation . i need cases where vowels have been nasalised in a nasal-free context ( no nasal consonant in the immediate surroundings ) . i would be grateful if you could help me by sending any information on the subject . thank you , robert boivin r26670 @ er . uqam . ca
",0
1280,"Subject: canadian english
 
 hello , i would like to give my students at mcgill an assignment concerning geographical ( and social ) variation in canadian english . to do so , i should therefore build a short questionaire that will allow them to elicit words and pronuncations which are likely to vary depending on the social characteristics of their consultants . i would very much appreciate if my fellow linguists could provide me with good test items for that questionaire . thanks in advance . - - julie auger
",0
1281,"Subject: european linguistics
 
 i would like help in finding out information on linguistics in europe - - how the field is structured ? what theoretical models are important ? what departments in universities have linguists ? etc . i ' m not sure where to go for this type of information - - so pointers toward sources or personal knowledge would be greatly appreciated . thanks in advance . sonja launspach t720026 @ univscvm . csd . scarolina . edu
",0
1282,"Subject: open / closed word classes , etc .
 
 can anyone help with this question ? many introductory ( and some other ) books on linguistics mention the open / closed distinction for word classes and the lexical / grammatical meaning distinction . none that i have seen , however , say anything about who invented these distinctions , when , where , and why . does anyone have any information about the provenance of these distinctions ? thanks .
",0
1283,"Subject: query : guide to software for linguistic analysis
 
 does anyone know of any wide-ranging guide to software for use in linguistics , ( covering , say , fieldwork , quantitative sociolinguistic research , acoustic phonetics , managing electronic corpora , discourse analysis , parsing . . . ) ? such a guide ( preferably electronic ) would be very useful as a reference for students . i will summarise the results for the list . jane simpson phone + 61 2-351 - 3655 linguistics f12 fax + 61 2-552 - 1683 university of sydney nsw 2006 post 18 stawell st , turner act 2601 australia
",0
1284,"Subject: iee colloq . london ( may ) : grounding-representations ( sharkey / mc
 
 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = grounding representations grounding representations grounding representations = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = programme and call for participation grounding representations : integration of sensory information in natural language processing , artificial intelligence and neural networks iee colloquium iee computing and control division [ professional group : c4 ( artificial intelligence ) ] in association with : british computer society specialist group on expert systems and the society for the study of artificial intelligence and simulation of behaviour ( ssaisb ) monday , may 15th , 1995 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * at the iee colloquium savoy place london , england chairs noel sharkey and paul mc kevitt department of computer science university of sheffield , england workshop description : perhaps the most famous criticism of traditional artificial intelligence is that computer programs use symbols that are arbitrarily interpretable ( see searle , 1980 for the chinese room and harnad , 1990 for the symbol grounding problem ) . we could , for example , use the word "" apple "" to mean anything from a "" common fruit "" to a "" pig 's nose "" . all the computer knows is the relationship between this symbol the others that we have given it . the question is , how is it possible to move from this notion of meaning , as the relationship between arbitrary symbols , to a notion of "" intrinsic "" meaning . in other words , how do we provide meaning by grounding computer symbols or representations in the physical world ? the aim of this colloquium is to take a broad look at many of the important issues in relating machine intelligence to the world and to make accessible some of the most recent research in integrating information from different modalities . for example , why is it important to have symbol or representation grounding and what is the role of the emerging neural network technology ? one approach has been to link intelligence to the sensory world through visual systems or robotic devices . another approach is work on systems that integrate information from different modalities such as vision and language . yet another approach has been to examine how the human brain relates sensory , motor and other information . it looks like we may be at long last getting a handle on the age old chinese room and symbol grounding problems . hence this colloquium has as its focus , "" grounding representations . the colloquium will occur over one day and will focus on three themes : ( 1 ) biology and development ; ( 2 ) computational models and ( 3 ) symbol grounding . the target audience of this colloquium will include engineers and scientists in neural networks and artificial intelligence , developmental psychologists , cognitive scientists , philosophers of mind , biologists and all of those interested in the application of artificial intelligence to real world problems . programme : monday , may 15th , 1995 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * introduction : 9 . 00 registration + sustenance 10 . 00 ` an introduction ' noel sharkey ( department of computer science , university of sheffield , england ) biology : 10 . 30 ` the neuronal mechanisms of language ' valentino braitenberg ( max plank institute for biological cybernetics , tuebingen , germany ) computational models : 11 . 00 ` natural language and exploration of an information space ' oliviero stock ( istituto per la ricerca scientifica e technologica , irst ) ( trento , italy ) 11 . 30 ` how visual salience influences natural language descriptions ' wolfgang maass ( cognitive science programme ) ( universitaet des saarlandes , saarbruecken , germany ) 12 . 00 discussion 12 . 30 lunch grounding symbols : 2 . 00 ` on grounding language with neural networks ' georg dorffner ( austrian institute for artificial intelligence , vienna , austria ) 2 . 30 ` some observations on symbol-grounding from a combined symbolic / connectionist viewpoint ' john barnden ( computing research laboratory , new mexico , usa ) & ( department of computer science , university of reading , england ) 3 . 00 sustenance break 3 . 30 ` grounding symbols in sensorimotor categories with neural networks ' stevan harnad ( department of psychology , university of southampton , england ) panel discussion and questions : 4 . 00 ` grounding representations ' chairs + invited speakers s / in s / in : 4 . 30 ` de brief / comments ' paul mc kevitt ( department of computer science , university of sheffield , england ) 5 . 00 o / iche mha / ith * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * publication : we intend to publish a book on this colloquium proceedings . addresses iee contact : sarah leong groups officer the institution of electrical engineers ( iee ) savoy place gb - wc2r obl , london england , uk , eu . e - mail : sleong @ iee . org . uk ( sarah leong ) e - mail : mbarrett @ iee . org . uk ( martin barrett ) e - mail : dpenrose @ iee . org . uk ( david penrose ) www : http : / / www . iee . org . uk ftp : ftp . iee . org . uk fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 171-497 - 3633 phone : + 44 ( 0 ) 171-240 - 1871 ( general ) phone : + 44 ( 0 ) 171-344 - 8423 ( direct ) location : the institution of electrical engineers ( iee ) savoy place gb - wc2r obl , london england , uk , eu . academic contact : paul mc kevitt department of computer science regent court 211 portobello street university of sheffield gb - s1 4dp , sheffield england , uk , eu . e - mail : p . mckevitt @ dcs . shef . ac . uk www : http : / / www . dcs . shef . ac . uk / www : http : / / www . shef . ac . uk / ftp : ftp . dcs . shef . ac . uk fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 114-278 - 0972 phone : + 44 ( 0 ) 114-282 - 5572 ( office ) 282-5596 ( lab . ) 282-5590 ( secretary ) registration : registration forms are available from sarah leong at the above address and should be sent to the following address : ( it is not possible to register by e - mail . ) colloquium bookings institution of electrical engineers ( iee ) po box 96 stevenage gb - sg1 2sd herts england , uk , eu . fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 143 874 2792 receipt enquiries : + 44 ( 0 ) 143 876 7243 registration enquiries : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 240 1871 x . 2206 pre-registration is advised although you can register on the day of the event . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ r e g i s t r a t i o n costs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( all figures include vat ) iee members 44 . 00 non-iee members 74 . 00 iee members ( retired , unemployed , students ) free non-iee members ( retired , unemployed , students ) 22 . 00 lunch ticket 4 . 70 members : members of the ieeie , the british computer society and the society for the study of artificial intelligence and simulation of behaviour and eurel member associations will be admitted at members ' rates .
",0
1285,"Subject: latex on pc 's
 
 last month i posted a query about latex on pcs . here 's a summary of the responses i got and my own experience in making my choice ( gtex ) work ( if you plan to adopt gtex , especially for windows nt , be sure to read my comments - - it will save you time . . . ) first , i 'd like to thank the following persons for proving , yet again , the power of the virtual community : alderson @ netcom . com ( richard m . alderson iii ) mark robert hale ( hale1 @ alcor . concordia . ca ) michael covington ( mcovingt @ ai . uga . edu ) stewart nichols ( nichols @ ccwf . cc . utexas . edu ) knappen @ vkpmzd . kph . uni - mainz . de ( j "" org knappen ) sl70 @ musuko . spc . uchicago . edu ( stuart luppescu ) achim @ chianti . philosophie . uni-stuttgart . de ( achim stein ) terdoest @ cs . utwente . nl ( hugo ter doest ) wilhelm weisweber ( ww @ cs . tu-berlin . de ) alex schoenmakers ( alex . schoenmakers @ ccl . kuleuven . ac . be ) peter - arno coppen ( u250005 @ vm . uci . kun . nl ) koontz @ alpha . bldr . nist . gov ( john e . koontz ) syang @ uvvm . uvic . ca ( suying yang ) robert dale ( rdale @ microsoft . com ) alfredo arnaiz ( arnaiz @ scf . usc . edu ) c . l . thiersch @ kub . nl ( craig thiersch ) alice drewery ( alice @ cogsci . edinburgh . ac . uk ) all the messages were extremly helpful . they provided fairly detailed information and many offered further help if i needed it . thanks ! i have divided the information into the following categories : 1 . general tex info 2 . the unix option 3 . the commercial option 4 . the mac option 5 . emtex 6 . gtex ( including my own experience in installing and using it ) hope it is useful for others as well . ami kronfeld natural language inc . 1 ) general tex info - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "" you might want to check out the usenet group comp . tex . tex , and its faq . also , the book mking tex work , by norman walsh , from o'reilly associates . "" "" you can also check out the tex archives on the us ctan site : ftp . shsu . edu . "" "" the most comprehensive distribution is called 4alltex , it 's available at the standard ctan - archive sites ( like ftp . shsu . edu ) and on the cd - rom "" snapshot "" of same from prime time ( prime time texcetera ) . "" special thanks to suying yang who sent a very useful page from walsh 's _ making tex work _ . here it is : tex and the other programs mentioned in this book are available from a number of places . it 's impossible to list all of the places where you might find any given tool , but there is one place where you will almost certainly find every tool : the comprehensive tex archive network ( ctan ) . this network is a fully-mirrored anonymous ftp hierarchy on three continents . always use the ftp site that is geographically closest to you . the following table lists the current members of ctan as of july 1993 : % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % location site ip address top level directory united states ftp . shsu . edu 192 . 92 . 115 . 10 / tex-archive england ftp . tex . ac . uk 131 . 151 . 79 . 32 / tex-archive germany ftp . uni-stuugart . de 129 . 69 . 8 . 13 / tex-archive % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % you may also access the ctan archives by electronic mail if you do not have ftp access . for up-to - date instructions about the mail server , send the single-line message help to : fileserv @ shsu . edu . where are the files ? every ctan mirror site has the same well-organized directory structure . the top-level directory also contains a complete catalog of current files organized by name , date , and size . the catalogs are named files . byname , files . bydate , and files . bysize , respectively , in the top level directory . the top-level directory contains the following subdirectories : % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % directory description of contents tools archiving tools ( unzip , tar , compress , etc . ) biblio tools for maintaining bibliographic databases digests electronic digests ( texhax , uktex , etc . ) info free documentation , many good guides dviware printing and previewing software fonts fonts fo tex graphics software for working with pictures and figures help online help files , etc . indexing indexing and glossary building tools language multi - national language support macros macro packages and stule files misc stuff that does n't fit in any other category support tools for running and supporting tex systems os - specific programs and files web sources for tex programs ( in web ) % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % the archives at ftp . shsu . edu and ftp . tex . ac . uk also support gopher access to the archives . the uk gopher supports indexed access to the archives . a world wide web ( hypertext ) interface to the archives is available from : http : / / jasper . ora . com / ctan / ctan . html this interface includes brief descriptions of many packages and the ability to perform keyword and date searches . 2 ) the unix option : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - many have pointed out that i could run linux ( freely distributed unix clone ) on my pc , and that it has great tex support ( ntex 1 . 3 ) . this turned out to be impractical for me . but it is an option i did not know existed : "" check out freebsd , freely downloadable from ftp . freebsd . org , or available as a cdrom from cdrom . com ( about $ 40 or less ) . you can maintain dos and unix on the same hardware and switch between the two , and therefore have your latex , too . "" 3 ) the commercial option : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "" there is a commercial version of ( la ) tex available for pcs from y&y , who just today have announced a sales-help @ yandy . com ( among other addresses ) . "" "" re your linguist query - - we looked at the blurb describing both y&y tex and truetex and chose the former . "" for info on truetex email richard j . kinch ( kinch @ netcom . com ) ; for info on y&y tex email louis vosloo ( 71172 . 524 @ compuserve . com ) . both are in the $ 400 - - 500 area from memory . seemed to me that y&y tex was a bit more abreast of changes ( like latex 2e ) than truetex but you 'd be best to get info from both of course to make up your own mind . "" 4 ) latex on the mac - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "" if you are not set on an intel - based processor , oztex 1 . 8 is the best shareware version for the mac , while textures ( from blue sky ) is a highly regarded commercial implementation . "" "" i ' ve used textures for years on a mac and still have n't seen anything to compare in terms of ease of integration of graphics . "" 5 ) emtex - - - - - - - - - emtex seems to be the overall favorite for dos machines . it is said to be much more widely used ( than gtex ) and easier to install . a summary of how you can get it : "" the most painless way to get latex on your pc is to download emtex from the university of georgia ( ai . uga . edu , / pub / emtex ) . we give additional installation instructions besides those provided by the author . "" other cites : ftp . rus . uni-stuttgart . de / pub / tex / sytems / msdos / emtex and emtex-fonts ponder . csci . unt . edu [ 129 . 120 . 3 . 16 ] pub / tex / emtex ymir . claremont . edu [ 134 . 173 . 4 . 23 ] [ anonymous . tex . ibm _ pc . emtex ] there was also a particular enthusiastic endorsment of emtex for emacs users on os / 2 : "" i use the os / 2 version [ of emtex ] which is truly excellent ( not being limited by memory , it is much better than the dos version ) . there are also available for os / 2 , a graphical dvi viewer ( dvipm ) , ghostscript , dvips , etc . in addition , em has ported gnu emacs to os / 2 ( the current version is 19 . 27 ) . imho , if you are going to work in latex , you should be using emacs in latex mode as your editor . emacs + emtex under os / 2 has pretty much supplanted other use of word processing software "" 6 ) gtex - - - - - - - - the gtex package was said to be more complete ( amslatex , amstex , dviwin etc . ) and more windows - friendly than emtex . this is , more or less , what sold me on it . i got it from : gtex ftp . shsu . edu / tex-archive / systems / msdos / gtex1 . 0 for ms windows / dos users . microemacs for windows is the host interface whose menus allow easy access to tex / metafont / amspell / bibtex / etc . also included are complete macro sets for plain tex , latex , nfss , e - tex , amslatex , and amstex . one person who responded to my query commented that gtex is less mature than emtex . i must say that he is probably right . installation took me much longer than i anticipated . here is a summary of the problems and their workarounds : 1 ) to begin with , the main tex . exe in the base directory does not accept arguments . i may have missed something , but i could not make latex work by the standard $ ) tex &lplain ( file-name > what i got was simply the tex environment . i could , of course , load lplain at this point and then load my file . but this is rather cumbersome . i found a workaround through micro-emacs , which is part of the package . 2 ) i did n't realize that if you unzip latex2e after unzipping latex , you clobber some of the latex 2 . 09 . sty files ( and you cannot use latex 2 . 09 as a result ) . there is a ( rather complex ) workaround and if you need latex2e only to begin with you are in good shape . however , it turned out that when you run latex2e . bat in the texfmts directory ( to generate the . fmt file for latex2e ) the name of the fmt file is latex . fmt , but it turned out that micro-emacs package expects a totally different fmt file for latex2e , namely a file called nfss2ltx . fmt . even changing the relevant bat file does not solve the problem . the only workaround i could find was to copy latex . fmt as nfss2ltx . fmt ( in short , if you do n't want the hassle , install latex only ) . 3 ) the dviwin package for both previewing and printing ( written by hipocrates sendoukas ) is rather nice . the feature that generates missing fonts automatically is particularly useful if your disk space is limited . however setting this option to work right was difficult and the documentation is not very helpful . if you run under windows nt ( as i do ) this is what you need to do : o select options / missing fonts . . . o select the third option ( append line to file and execute command ) o in the line text box write : call genpk $ f $ m $ x $ y $ x $ y $ d $ p $ e o in the file text box write : x : \ ( temp-dir ) \ < batch-file . bat > where x : is your hard drive , temp-dir is the value of your temp environment variable and batch-file is an arbitrary name for a batch file that will generatte missing fonts . for example , i use the following text : c : \ temp \ missing . bat o in the cmd text box write : genallnt . bat $ ( temp ) \ missing . bat where temp is the environment variable that contains the name of the directory in the file text box . note that in the cmd text box you need to use an environment variable ( you have to ) while in the file text box you cannot ( you must specify the literal name of the temp directory ) . it took me a while to figure this out and it was n't fun . if you do it wrong , dviwin takes control over your entire operating system , firing up and killing dos widows in rapid succession . you cannot even use nt 's task list to kill the runaway process .
",0
1286,"Subject: foreign language in ads
 
 sorry to be delayed in getting a summary back on the foreign language in the recent ibm ads . as usual , lots of linguist list readers came through with the goods . ( individual thanks are at the end of this message ) . here are the responses i received : the old gentlemen walking along the river are speaking french ( there was some disagreement as to whether it was parisian french or not , with people coming down on both sides ) ; the businessmen in the marketplace are speaking moroccan arabic ; the majority opinion was that the nuns are speaking czech ( though a couple of people felt it was polish ) . i ' ve seen one ad since then which i ' m pretty sure is in greek ( people on a fishing boat ) , because one of the subtitles contains mention of drachmas . if i ' m wrong about that , i 'd like to know , needless to say . those of you who expressed interest in seeing some of our research , i have n't forgotten you ! i ' ve just been buried in administrative stuff lately . i ' ll try to do something about getting it off over spring break , which is in a couple of weeks . if you do n't see something in the next few weeks , you might want to drop me another line at renryder @ idbsu . idbsu . edu . finally , very hearfelt thanks to everyone who wrote ( i hope i have n't left anyone off this list ) : eva wyss , daniel keller , marc picard , laila lalami , john koontz , dana slancova , gary h . toops , marlene abrams miller , guerssel mohamed , frits stuurman , chris miller , greenman , younes mourchid , tim beasley , james kirchner , paul woods , jussi karlgren , marc eisinger , michael kac , rebecca larche moreton , carl woolhiser , anton sherwood , elabbas benmamoun , karin ryding , elizabeth bergman , kirk belnap ( ? ) , reinier post . if anyone wants the addresses of any of these people to discuss the language id with them further , i have them ; i just did n't want to make this message any longer than necessary . thanks to everyone ! mary ellen ryder
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1287,"Subject: sum : jakobson reference
 
 two months ago ( sorry for the delay ) i posted the following query on the linguist list ( with a horrible spelling error in the subject line ) : ) the following is , i believe , a more or less literal quote from roman jakobson : ) languages differ less in what you can express in them than in what you must ) > express in them . ) does anybody out there have the exact reference ? 1 . reaction to the query = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = six hours later it appeared on the list and three more hours later the first answer was in ! ! ! thank you all , that 's really great ! ! ! within the following four weeks i received ten replies , 5 of them giving the first quotation below , 2 with the second one , 3 asking me to forward the requested information . thanks to all who responded : birgitta englund dimitrova bob fradkin eloise jelinek hans lindquist nili mandelblit bruce mannheim bert peeters larry rosenwald deborah ruuskanen martha thunes 2 . answers = = = = = = = = = = a . the first quotation is : jakobson , roman ( 1959 ) ' on linguistic aspects of translation ' in reuben a . brower ( ed . ) , on translation , cambridge , mass . : harvard university , press . 232-239 . reprint new york : galaxy books 1966 . the quoted sentence is on p . 236 . also in jakobson , roman ( 1971 ) selected writings vol . ii , the hague : mouton . 260-266 . the quoted sentence is here on p . 264 . ( birgitta englund dimitrova mentions that this article has ever since been widely quoted in research on translation . ) the context is the division of labor between lexical and grammatical means , which may vary considerably from language to language , and the problems this poses for translation : "" if some grammatical category is absent in a given language , its meaning may be translated into this language by lexical means . . . . it is more difficult to remain faithful to the original when we translate into a language provided with a certain grammatical category from a language devoid of such a category . . . . as boas neatly observed , the grammatical pattern of a language ( as opposed to its lexical stock ) determines those aspects of each experience that must be expressed in the given language . . . . in order to translate accurately the english sentence "" i hired a worker , "" a russian needs supplementary information , whether this action was completed or not and whether the worker was a man or a woman . . . ) languages differ essentially in what they _ must _ convey and not in what they ) > _ may _ convey . each verb of a given language imperatively raises a set of specific yes-no - questions . . . "" b . the second quotation is : jakobson , roman ( 1959 ) ' boas ' view of grammatical meaning ' in w . goldschmidt ( ed . ) , the anthropology of franz boas , memoirs of the american anthropological association 89 . 139-45 . reprinted in jakobson , roman ( 1971 ) selected writings vol . ii , the hague : mouton . 489-496 . the quoted sentence is on p . 492 . here the context is boas ' obligatoriness criterion for the distinction between grammatical and lexical meaning . jakobson quotes from boas : "" . . . ' a paucity of obligatory aspects does not by any means imply obscurity of speech . when necessary , clarity can be obtained by adding explanatory words . ' to denote time or plurality , those languages which have no tense or grammatical number resort to lexical means . ) thus the true difference between languages is not in what may or may not be ) > expressed but in what must or must not be conveyed by the speakers . "" ( am i right as a non-native speaker of english in suspecting that my fellow non-native speaker has possibly confounded ' must not ' with ' need not ' ? ) 3 . motivation for the query = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = i am using the ( first ) quote in a typological context , as motto for a paper where i discuss some of the consequences the obligatoriness of definiteness and number marking has for those cases of use where the speaker wants to evade these constraints . i argue there that languages with a high degree of explicitness ( many obligatory choices ) also provide for standard weakening strategies . if any typologist out there wants to engage in a discussion about the explicitness parameter , i would be happy to hear from him . to trigger the appropriate keywords , let me just mention that james huang 's ' temperature ' parameter ( the metaphor goes back , via haj ross , to marshall mcluhan ) is just a special case of the explicitness parameter . according to huang ( li 15 , 1984 , pp . 531-574 ) , languages with a high degree of obligatoriness in the expression of anaphoric elements are ' hot ' ( little audience participation required ) , whereas languages with a preference for zero anaphora are ' cool ' ( more audience participation required ) . let me conclude with another quote from the first paper of rj : "" equivalence in difference is the cardinal problem of language and the pivotal concern of linguistics . "" ( 233 ) dietmar zaefferer institut fuer deutsche philologie phone : + 49 89 2180 2060 ( office ) universitaet muenchen + 49 89 36 66 75 ( home ) schellingstr . 3 fax : + 49 89 2180 3871 ( office ) d-80799 muenchen germany email : ue303bh @ sun1 . lrz-muenchen . de
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1288,"Subject: references on romanian
 
 i am interested in getting a list of recent ( and not so recent ) work on romanian , in particular phonetics , phonology and morphology . please respond to me directly and i will post a summary to the list . - - richard sproat linguistics research department at&t bell laboratories | tel ( 908 ) 582-5296 600 mountain avenue , room 2d - 451 | fax ( 908 ) 582-7308 murray hill , nj 07974 , usa | rws @ research . att . com
",0
1289,"Subject: farsi ( persian ) light verb constructions
 
 i am working on "" light verb constructions in farsi and kurdish "" at essex university and i would like to share my ideas with other researches intersted in this area . i am going to approach this topic in the framework of noun incorporation ( baker , 1988 ; hale and keyser , 1991 , 1992 , 1993 ) . especially i like to be in touch with dr simin karimi and dr jan mohammad who have written the first article , as far as , on this subject . i will be very gratefull to you , if you could provide me with the e-mail adresses of these linguists . my e-mail address is as follows : karigx @ essex . ac . uk thanks gh . karimi doostan
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1290,"Subject: query : international congress of linguists
 
 does anyone have information about the next international congress of linguists in paris in 1997 ? who is the contact person ( email address ) ? thank you , dieter stein anglistik iii universitaetsstr . 1 40225 duesseldorf germany stein @ mail . rz . uni-duesseldorf . de
",0
1291,"Subject: sum : ref . on formal models of discourse
 
 content - length : 5679 a couple of weeks ago i posted a message for one of my students who was looking for references re . formal models of discourse to use as the basis for an automatic analyzer for political discourse . we received a comprehensive bibliography from ann lindvall ( ann . lindvall @ ling . lu . se ) and various useful indications from arild hestvik ( hestvik @ babel . ifl . uib . no ) alice s . horning ( horning @ argo . acs . oakland . edu ) massimo poesio ( poesio @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk ) livia polanyi ( livia @ csli . stanford . edu ) david traum ( traum @ divsun . unige . ch ) ( previously in rochester ) massimo poesio also mentioned he 's involved in ` ` a project called ` fracas ' one of whose goals is to assess the state of the art in ` computational semantics ' , which these days involves a lot of work on discourse ; the deliverables of the project are freely available and can be read through the world wide web at http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ fracas / [ . . . ] ' ' . compiled bibliography and pointers follow . thanks to everybody . catherine walther * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * allwood , j . 1980 . power and communication . in : alvar . dept . of english . stockholm university , sweden alshawi , h . ( ed . ) 1992 . the core language engine . the mit press , cambridge , ma . asher , n . 1993 . reference to abstract objects in discourse . kluwer , dordrecht austin , j . l . 1962 . how to do things with words . oxford university press , london button , g . 1987 . answers as interactional products : two sequential practices used in interview . social psychology quarterly 2 : 160-171 coulthard , m . 1977 , 1985 . an introduction to discourse analysis . longman , london och new york erickson , b . , lind , e . a . , johnson b . c . & o ` barr , w . m . 1978 . speech style and impression formation in a court setting : the effects of ` powerful ` and ` powerless ` speech . journal of experimental social psychology 14 : 266-279 goffman , e . 1976 . replies and responses . language in society 5 : 257-313 . also in : goffman , e . 1981 . forms of talk . basil blackwell , oxford goody , e . ( ed . ) 1978 . questions and politeness : strategies in social interaction . cambridge university press greenbaum , s . , leech , g . and svartvik , j . ( ed . ) . studies in english linguistics for randolph quirk . longman , london grice , h . p . 1975 . logic and conversation . in : cole , p . och morgan , j . ( ed ) . speech acts . syntax and semantics , vol . 3 , academic press , new york gumperz , j . 1982 . discourse strategies . cambridge university press , cambridge halliday , m . a . k . 1985 . an introduction to functional grammar . e . arnold , london halliday m . a . k . & r . hasan . 1976 . cohesion in english . longman , london . heritage , j . and greatbach , d . 1989 . on the institutional character of institutional talk : the core of news interviews . sic . 28 : 47-98 . dept . of communication , link | ping university , sweden hudson , r . 1980 . sociolinguistics . cambridge university press , cambridge kamp , h . & u . reyle . 1993 . from discourse to logic : introduction to modeltheoretic semantics of natural language , formal logic and discourse representation theory . kluwer , dordrecht labov , w . 1982 . sociolinguistic patterns . university of pennsylvania press , philadelphia leech , g . n . 1983 . principles of pragmatics . longman , london linell , p . gustavsson , l . and juvonen , p . 1988 . interactional dominance in dyadic communication . linguistics 26 : 415-442 markova , i . & foppa , k . ( ed . ) 1990 . dynamics of dialogue . harvester press , hertforsshire o'barr , w . m . 1982 . linguistic evidence : language , power and strategy in the courtroom . academic press , new york sacks , h . , schegloff , e . a . & jefferson , g . 1974 . a simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking in conversation . language 50 . 4 : 696-735 schegloff , e . a . % sacks , h . 1973 . opening up closings . semiotica 8 . 4 : 289-327 . also in : turner , r . ( ed . ) 1974 . ethnomethodology : selected readings . penguin , harmondsworth searle , j . 1969 . speech acts : an essay in the philology of language . cambridge university press , cambridge searle , j . et al . 1992 . ( on ) searle on conversation . papers compiled and introduced by h . parret and j . verschueren . john benjamins , amsterdam sinclair , j . mch . & coulthard , m . 1975 . towards an analysis of discourse : the english used by teachers and pupils . oxford university press , london tardy , c . h . 1988 . a handbook for the study of human communication : methods and instruments for observing , measuring ans assessing communication processes . ablex publishing corporation . norwood , n . j . todorov , t . 1984 . mikhail bakhtin : the dialogical principle . seminar press , new york von stechow , a . ( ed . ) handbook of semantics . de gruyter . wrong , d . 1968 . some problems in defining social power . the american journal of sociology 73 : 673-681 further pointers went to heim , lascarides , e . prince , ward , birner , vallduvi , walker , reichman , hobb , mann & thompson , grosz & sidner , scha & polanyi , werth , grimes , longacre .
",0
1292,"Subject: est-ce que questions
 
 several weeks ago , i ' ve sent an inquiry about is it that / est-ce que interrogatives to the list . many of you took the time to answer to it , so i feel very sorry for not giving any summary of the replies before today . i have written one in french , which i display here . if some of you would like a translation , please ask and i ' ll write one . thanks again for your precious collaboration ! the inquiry was : j ' ai rencontre l ' enonce authentique suivant : why is it that ( people are never happy ) ? qui ressemble beaucoup au fran ais : pourquoi est-ce que ( les gens ne sont jamais contents ) ? j ' aimerais savoir s ' il est possible de poser une question de la meme maniere avec : what , who , when , where or how ? what is it that you said / are saying ? who is it that you met / are meeting ? when is it that you met / are meeting her ? how is it that you did / do this ? where is it that you were / are ? sur les 54 reponses obtenues , 21 consistent en une phrase : "" tous ces exemples me paraissent acceptables et normaux "" . les auteurs des autres reponses ont tres majoritairement accepte tous les exemples egalement , mais avec quelques restrictions d ' emploi que nous developpons ici . les quatre grands types de restrictions sont le registre de langue employe , la semantique de l ' interrogative , la nature de l ' adverbe interrogatif et le temps du verbe etre place avant ' it that ' . 1 . le registre employe est juge pertinent pour l ' acceptabilite de la structure , comme le montrent les six remarques suivantes : "" alors que les phrases proposees seraient appropriees dans un registre tres formel , des equivalents plus courants [ colloquial ] seraient : you said / are saying whatj ? you met / are meeting whoj ? you met / are meeting her whenj ? you did / do this howj ? you were / are where j ? cet equivalent ' courant ' n ' existe pas cependant avec why . je dirais plutot : people never seem to be happy . why ( is that ) j ? "" "" why is it that convient mais ne semble pas tres naturel ; l ' emploi de ' that ' marque un registre plus formel . "" "" les exemples semblent appropries dans tous les registres , peut-etre un peu moins frequents dans un ecrit tres formel . "" "" toutes ces questions sont parfaitement ordinaires . "" "" j ' attribue ces phrases au registre courant [ colloquial ] plutot que litteraire . "" "" je dirais que ces phrases seraient acceptees par n ' importe quel locuteur americanophone , au moins dans une conversation informelle . "" les commentaires divergent , certains locuteurs attribuant les exemples a un registre formel , d ' autres a un registre non formel . la premiere personne optant pour le registre formel precise que ce type d ' enonce est caracteristique d ' une question que poserait par exemple un avocat au cours d ' un proces ; mais c ' est peut-etre plutot la semantique de la question qui importe ici , et non le registre . la deuxieme personne ayant choisi le registre formel semble cependant s ' appuyer surtout sur la presence de that . en effet , une autre reponse souligne la difference existant entre les formes ' why is it ' et ' why is it that ' . par consequent nous pouvons retenir des commentaires obtenus que la construction qui nous interesse releve globalement d ' un registre courant - voire familier - mais peut se retrouver dans d ' autres registres sous certaines formes ( avec that vs sans that ) et pour exprimer certains actes de parole . 2 . la semantique de l ' interrogative intervient elle aussi dans le choix de cette construction , comme l ' attestent les 13 remarques suivantes : "" par rapport a la construction plus traditionnelle , celle-ci se limite aux cas ou le locuteur exprime une repetition ou une clarification apres avoir pose la question sous la forme plus courante : me : what did you sayj ? you : i said "" goodbye and good riddancej ! "" me : what is it that you saidj ? i was n't listening closely . "" "" cette construction marquee n ' est appropriee que si le discours precedent a deja etabli qu ' il y aura une reponse non negative a la question . ainsi , l ' echange suivant ne semblerait pas naturel : - who is it that you sawj ? - nobody . "" "" je n ' accepterais pas ou reagirais negativement a la phrase how is it that you did thatj ? . j ' emploie cette construction avec tous les autres adverbes ( where , who , what , when ) pour obtenir un eclaircissement a propos d ' une chose deja mentionnee . "" "" les exemples me semblent normaux si le locuteur met l ' accent sur l ' adverbe interrogatif et exprime une certaine exasperation : what is that thing you boughtj ? "" "" ces questions sont tout a fait acceptables , moyennant un contexte discursif particulier du type reprise . d ' ou la meilleure acceptabilite des versions dans lesquelles le verbe est marque de l ' aspect be + ing ( fondamentalement anaphorique ) . "" "" cette construction met l ' emphase sur l ' element interrogatif . "" "" spontanement , je dirais que cette construction se focalise sur la question plus specifiquement . si l ' on me demandait : who are you meetingj ? je pourrais repondre : a friend . mais si la question etait : who is it that you ' re meetingj ? je me sentirais oblige de repondre plus precisement . "" "" la seule raison justifiant l ' emploi de cette construction est , a mon avis , l ' emphase qu ' elle met sur l ' objet de la question . "" "" en anglais , ces questions sont posees de fa on rhetorique ou pour exprimer une demande de clarification . dans le deuxieme cas , l ' element interrogatif est fortement accentue . "" "" la plupart de ces questions ressemblent a une demande de repetition de quelque chose qui aurait ete mal compris a la premiere audition . "" "" les questions de ce type correspondent a la forme declarative emphatique it is because of x that ou it is x that i am saying ( . . . ) . ces questions en anglais se traduiraient mieux en fran ais par quelque chose comme : qui c ' est que tu as vuj ? qui met aussi l ' accent sur la reponse la ou une question en est-ce que normale ne le ferait pas . cette construction entra ne aussi une accentuation plus forte sur l ' element interrogatif . "" "" dans beaucoup de cas , ces formes marqueraient une emphase utilisee par exemple si je pensais avoir mal compris un message : where is it that you [ said you ] arej ? "" "" pour moi , ces constructions presupposent que quelqu ' un vous a donne l ' information ( what , who , when ou where ) et que vous l ' avez oubliee et devez poser une question sur ce seul element . "" toutes ces remarques s ' accordent pour attribuer a la construction qui nous interesse un sens emphatique utilise pour obtenir une clarification . elle semble aussi s ' accompagner d ' une accentuation de l ' element interrogatif . il est donc interessant de remarquer que la valeur emphatique est commune aux constructions anglaise et fran aise . 3 . parmi les 54 reponses , 11 tentaient d ' expliquer partiellement ou completement la variation de l ' acceptabilite de la construction en fonction de la nature de l ' adverbe interrogatif : "" where is it that you arej ? et how is it that you do thisj ? sont pour moi les constructions les plus maladroites et les moins frequentes . "" "" where is it that you arej ? est maladroit ; je repeterais probablement la question where are youj ? en accentuant plus le where . "" "" je ne pense pas que le that dans why is it that soit le meme que dans les constructions avec les adverbes interrogatifs . "" "" why is it et how is it sont toujours idiomatiques , meme s ' ils sont plutot formels . when is it est idiomatique , mais para t assez pauvre . les autres enonces identifieraient a coup sur le locuteur comme etant etranger . "" "" toutes ces constructions sont possibles , excepte celle avec how . "" "" pour what , who , when et where , je peux employer is it seulement avec le present ; avec le passe je dirais was it . pour how c ' est different parce que how is it est une forme idiomatique signifiant pourquoi pour moi . donc how is it that you did thisj ? convient si cela signifie pourquoi as-tu fait celaj ? . si je veux vraiment savoir comment , alors le temps doit correspondre comme avec les autres adverbes interrogatifs . "" "" les constructions avec what , who et when sont acceptables , mais celles avec how et where ne semblent pas tres naturelles . "" "" toutes les constructions me conviennent ( sauf peut-etre la derniere avec where , qui me para t bizarre ) . "" "" je pense qu ' il ne serait pas approprie d ' employer is it that dans aucune des situations mentionnees , excepte why is it that . . "" "" j ' utiliserais cette construction avec when seulement s ' il etait suivi de was it ; je ne l ' emploierais pas avec how et where . "" "" tous les exemples cites sont acceptables mais , mise a part la question avec why ( et peut-etre celle avec how ) , ils ne semblent pas aussi generaux que la question ordinaire [ unmarked ] . "" pour des raisons qui leur sont probablement propres , why , how et where se distinguent des autres adverbes . how is it peut s ' interpreter a la fois comme une forme figee qui a le sens de pourquoi ( = how come ) , et comme une construction non figee signifiant comment . . cela explique les differences de perception de cette forme par les locuteurs , qui n ' ont pas toujours pris en compte ses deux sens . why is it a egalement un comportement de forme figee , mais qui garde le sens de pourquoi . pourquoi est aussi un adverbe qui se demarque des autres en fran ais , car la question qu ' il pose porte sur l ' ensemble de la phrase ( pourquoi tu t ' en vasj ? mais * tu t ' en vas pourquoij ? ) . nous expliquons moins facilement la specificite de where qui a ete relevee a 5 reprises . 4 . le dernier facteur d ' acceptabilite egalement souvent cite ( huit fois ) par les natifs est le temps du verbe etre place avant it that . : "" toutes ces phrases s ' emploient couramment en anglais . a noter qu ' on peut aussi bien utiliser ce genre de structure au passe : where was it that you ran into him yesterdayj ? "" "" nous formons souvent des enonces come ceux que vous citez , par exemple : who was it who split ink on your book ? why was it that he was late ? who did we say was coming at 8 o ' clock ? etc . "" "" pour what , who , when et where , je peux employer is it seulement avec le present ; avec le passe je dirais was it . [ pour ] how is it that you did thisj ? , et si je veux vraiment savoir comment , alors le temps doit correspondre comme avec les autres adverbes interrogatifs . "" "" toutes les phrases me conviennent , meme si dans plusieurs cas j ' ai pense qu ' il y avait une meilleure alternative : what is it that you said / are saying ? ) aussi : what was it that you said ? who is it that you met / are meeting ? ) aussi : who was it that you met ? when is it that you met / are meeting her ? ) avec "" met "" , "" when was it that you met "" est meilleur . how is it that you did / do this ? ) aussi : how was it that you did that ? where is it that you were / are ? ) avec "" were "" , "" where was it that you were "" est meilleur . "" "" toutes les phrases sont bonnes . elles seraient un peu meilleures si les temps des verbes s ' accordaient . "" "" les questions conviennent toutes , tant que le temps employe est correct . "" "" quand l ' anglais emploie l ' expression is it that , les temps des verbes doivent correspondre dans la plupart des cas . "" "" toutes les phrases sont parfaitement correctes , sauf que normalement j ' accorderais le temps du premier verbe a celui du second lorsque deuxieme la portion de la phrase est au passe . par exemple : who was it that you met ? ( but ) who is it that you are meeting ? when was it that you met her ? ( but ) when is it that you are meeting her ? . "" nous pouvons sur ce point differencier les constructions ' is it that ' et ' est-ce que ' , la construction de l ' anglais etant beaucoup moins figee que celle du fran ais . en effet , le fran ais n ' accorderait pas les temps des deux verbes .
",0
1293,"Subject: summary : linguistics in science fiction
 
 awhile back i posted a query asking for titles of science fiction books / stories in which linguistics ( of a reasonable sort ) played a large part . this turns out to be something of a faq . herewith a highly edited summary of the responses . some respondents gave a synopsis of the plot , which i attach in highly edited form , lest this get even longer than it already is . but first , thanks to the judges , namely : afn11122 @ freenet . ufl . edu , steve blackwelder ( sblackwelder @ firstbyte . ccmail . compuserve . com ) , anthea fraser ( ellgupta @ leonis . nus . sg ) , another anthea ( anfallen @ ursula . uoregon . edu ) , ines shaw ( ishaw @ badlands . nodak . edu ) , mark hansell ( mhansell @ carleton . edu ) , larry horn ( lhorn @ yalevm . cis . yale . edu ) , susan fischer ( sdfncr @ rit . edu ) , deborah d . kela ruuskanen ( druuskan @ cc . helsinki . fi ) , jacqueline anderson ( anderson @ smtp . munet . edu ) , anton ( dasher @ netcom . com ) , herbert stahlke ( 00hfstahlke @ bsu . edu or hstahlke @ bsu . edu ) , dorine houston ( v2188g % templevm . bitnet @ pucc . princeton . edu ) , peter christian ( peter @ gold . ac . uk ) , john anderson ( janderso @ epas . utoronto . ca or madhatter @ intacc . web . net ) , marty laforest ( marty . laforest @ ciral . ulaval . ca ) , mark a . mandel ( mark @ dragonsys . com ) , and larry trask ( larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk ) . in addition , the editors of linguist list provided me with the text of previous queries on this subject , and at the end there 's a faq from science . lang . i won't try to credit the authors cited in the latter two sources , or i 'd never get this off . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - and now the envelope . . . ( author 's name first , then titles with occasional comments , which should be apparent ) : suzette haden elgin . native tongue trilogy , including : the native tongue ( wherein language and linguistics are prominent issues in a future society ; laadan is a language in development ) . clans of linguists have become crucial because of their mediation with non-humans . raises issues about innateness , the bioprogram , language learning , relationship between body stucture and language , as well as feminist issues ) , and judas rose . derek bickerton . king of the sea . ( not exactly science fiction . but deals with human-dolphin communication . best explanation of bickerton 's bioprogram available with a valuable dicussion also of the problems of having a meaningful relationship with a dolphin . ) . arnason . a woman of the iron people . vonarburg . in the motherland . robert sheckley . shall we have a little talk ? ( for the evil earth capitalist empire to take over a planet , they have to buy some land on the planet . a representative goes to some planet to start negotiating for a land purchase and finds that every day the language has changed , not only in vocabulary but in grammar . at one point , he exclaims "" stop agglutinating ! "" the inhabitants of the planet are using accelerated language change as a defense mechanism , and at the end of the story , they are communicating in identical monosyllables ) . david carkeet . double negative ( one respondent called this "" a murder mystery in which a linguist uses his knowledge of child language acquisition to solve the murder "" ; another said it involved the human / animal boundary ) . samuel delany . babel 17 , triton ( latter takes on the arbitrariness of the relationship between form and meaning and builds a whole society around it , starting with , of course , an artificially engineered environment on a moon ( of saturn ? ) ) ; neveryon series ( second-hand report says it incorporates a good deal of linguistics ) . ian watson . the embedding . ( universal grammar , generative syntax . ) goulet . oh 's profit ( the main character is a signing gorilla named oh , and there 's a chomsky sound-alike baddie called sandground ) . pamela sargent . after long silence ( actually it has to do with communication more by music than by langauge , but communication with alien intelligences at any rate ) c . j . cherryh ( writes about contact between humans and aliens , and between different aliens : the chanur series ( best read in sequence ) : pride of chanur , chanur 's venture , the kif strike back , chanur 's homecoming , chanur 's legacy ( i think that 's the title - - it 's the funniest book but you can't appreciate it until you ' ve read the others ) ; others by cherryh ( not series ) : cuckoo 's egg ( less ling . than chanur ) , foreigner ( the hero is a guy who wrote his dissertation on plural forms in a non-human language , and it 's quite a good meditation on whether it would be possible to really understand a non-human intelligence - - in the form of a whodunit / spy / action novel ) . c . s . lewis ' space trilogy = out of the silent planet , perelandra , and that hideous strength ( the main character in two - - a minor character in the third - - is a 1930 's philologist , elwin ransom ) . card . ender 's game / xenocide / speaker for the dead series . john berryman . "" something to say "" in _ analog _ ( 1966-67 ) james p hogan . inherit the stars . janet kagan . hellspark , uhura 's song . h beam piper . "" omnilingual "" . ( i ' m not sure if the quotes here indicate this is a short story , rather than a novel . ) neal stephenson . snow crash . jack vance . languages of pao . ( comparative linguistics , sapir - whorf hypothesis ( weak form ) , semantics . ) walter jon williams . "" surfacing "" . roger zelazny . "" a rose for ecclesiastes "" ( ? ) russel hoban . riddley walker ( the whole thing is in the narrator 's own dialect , which is a future form of english . ) burgess , anthony . a clockwork orange ( futuristic version of anglicized russian ) . frank herbert . dune ( carefully worked out historical derivations of arabic religious language set thousands of years in the future ) . delany , samuel r . stars in my pocket like grains of sand . ( language change , alien languages ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [ the ff . are several works about sf and linguistics , rather than sf works themselves ] delany , samuel r . the jewel - hinged jaw : notes on the language of science fiction ( essays about how sentences work in sf as distinct from other kinds of writing ) . delany , samuel r . starboard wine : more notes on the language of science fiction . meyers , walter e . aliens and linguists : language study and science fiction . athens , ga : university of georgia press , 1980 . ( a scholarly work analyzing the linguistics in sf . . . how plausable it is , frequent errors that sf authors make when talking about linguistics , and examples of good linguistics . ) barnes , myra edwards . linguistics and languages in science fiction - fantasy . new york : arno press , 1975 . geoff pullum 's essay ` some lists of things about books ' in nllt 6 : 2 ( 1988 ) , pp . 283-290 , and reprinted in geoff 's book _ the great eskimo vocabulary hoax _ , 1991 , chicago : university of chicago press , pp . 190-200 . ( list of six sf novels featuring linguistics ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [ the following works were n't classified so much as being about linguistics , as that they made some use of linguistics , typically by using an invented language . ] brin , david . sundiver . ( language change , animal language , dolphins ) clarke , arthur c . rendezvous with rama . ( animal language , apes ) heinlein , robert a . red planet ( alien language : phonetics , semantics ) ; stranger in a strange land ( alien language : phonetics , semantics , shading into mysticism ) ; the moon is a harsh mistress ( future dialects of english ) hoban , russell . ridley walker . ( language change ) . le guin , ursula . always coming home ( invented language : semantics , grammar , etc . ) ; the left hand of darkness ( invented language : semantics ) . orwell , george . 1984 ( invented language : semantics , sociolinguistics , language and thought ) . tolkein , j . r . r . the lord of the rings ( invented languages , historical change , writing systems ) . womack , jack . terraplane ( language change , dialect differences ) . zelazny , roger . eye of cat ( alien language ) . [ short stories : ] carr , terry . "" the dance of the changer and the three "" in the best of terry carr . haldeman , joe . "" a tangled web "" in dealing in futures ( humorous alien language ) . haldeman , joe . "" anniversary project , "" in infinite dreams ( the evolution of human language ) . heinlein , robert a . "" gulf , "" in 6 x h ( superior language ; the limits of language ) . murphy , pat . "" rachel in love "" in points of departure ( animal language - - chimps ) . robinson , kim stanley . "" the translator "" in universe 1 ( edited by robert silverberg and karen haber ) ( a fresh look at the automatic translator ) . sallis , james . "" the attitude of the earth towards other bodies , "" in full spectrum 2 ( edited by lou aronica , et . al ) ( universal grammar ) . williams , walter jon . "" surfacing "" in facets ( alien grammar / semantics ) . poul anderson 's "" delenda est "" in "" worlds of maybe "" ( 1960s ; incorporated as a chapter in a recent anderson book ; someone undid the second punic war and carthage became a major power in europe . anderson creates at least two languages that might have been - a celtic language with semitic loanwords that would be used in north america , and a germanic language spoken by tribes that took over the italy that had a power vacuum . ) hal clement . ocean on top . poul anderson . "" a tragedy of errors "" in _ the long night _ , from tor . ( a planet that has new meaning for words like friend , slave , and business . ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - finally , the following is copied from sci . lang faq ( frequently asked questions ) . while the topic is broader ( not just * science * fiction ) , i would likely err if i tried to edit out stories that are n't science fiction . there is some duplication with the list above , that i also have n't tried to edit out . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - what are some stories and novels that involve linguistics ? [ - - markrose ] the following list is by no means exhaustive . it 's based on james myers ' list of books , which was compiled the the last time the subject came up on sci . lang . additions and corrections are welcome ; please suggest the approximate category and give the publication date , if possible . aliens and linguists : language study and science fiction , by walter meyers ( 1980 ) contains a general discussion and lists more works . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - alien languages "" tlon , uqbar , tertius orbis "" in ficciones - jorge luis borges ( 1956 ) 40000 in gehenna - c . j . cherryh babel-17 - samuel r . delany ( 1966 ) flight of the dragonfly - robert l . forward ( 1984 ) the haunted stars - edmond hamilton inherit the stars - james p . hogan "" omnilingual "" , in federation - h . beam piper contact - carl sagan ( 1985 ) psychaos - e . p . thompson "" a martian odyssey "" in sf hall of fame - stanley weinbaum ( 1934 ) "" a rose for ecclesiastes "" in sf hall of fame - roger zelazny ( 1963 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - futuristic varieties of english a clockwork orange - anthony burgess ( 1962 ) hellflower - eluki bes shahar the inheritors - william golding ( 1955 ) the moon is a harsh mistress - robert heinlein ( 1966 ) riddley walker - russel hoban ( 1980 ) 1984 - george orwell ( 1948 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - other invented languages native tongue - suzette haden elgin ( 1984 ) the gameplayers of zan - m a foster "" gulf "" in assignment in eternity - robert a . heinlein ( 1949 ) dune - frank herbert ( 1965 ) the klingon dictionary - marc okrand ( 1985 ) the void-captain ' s tale - norman spinrad the lord of the rings - j r r tolkien ( 1954-55 ) the memorandum - vaclav havel ( 1966 ) the languages of pao - jack vance ( 1957 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - linguist heroes double negative - david carkeet the full catastrophe - david carkeet pygmalion - george bernard shaw ( 1912 ) the poison oracle - peter dickinson ( 1974 ) hands on - andrew rosenheim ( 1992 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - animal language watership down - richard adams tarzan of the apes - edgar rice burroughs ( 1912 ) congo - michael crichton - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - use of linguistic theory snow crash - neal stephenson ( 1992 ) gulliver ' s travels - jonathan swift ( 1726 ) the embedding - ian watson ( 1973 ) ozark trilogy - suzette haden elgin yonder comes the other end of time - suzette haden elgin - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - other the troika incident - james cooke brown ( 1969 ) [ loglan ] love me tomorrow - robert rimmer ( 1976 ) [ loglan ] etxemendi - florence delay [ chomsky ref ] so you want to be a wizard - diane duane tongues of the moon - philip jose farmer the dispossessed - ursula leguin ( 1974 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if i do n't get much linguistics done in the next while , you ' ll know why . enjoy !
",0
1294,"Subject: summary : expletive negation in modern hebrew
 
 on february 27 , i posted a querry on expletive negation in modern hebrew . i want to thank ariel cohen ( ariel _ cohen @ riga . mt . cs . cmu . edu ) , michael ephratt ( rhlh702 @ uvm . haifa . ac . il ) , bob fradkin ( raf100f @ oduvm . cc . odu . edu ) , laurence horn ( lhorn @ yalevm . cis . yale . edu ) , paul rowlett ( p . a . rowlett @ mod - lang . salford . ac . uk ) and lucia tovena ( tovena @ latl . unige . ch ) for their comments . my querry originated from michael moore 's comment to the effect that in modern hebrew , the sentence negation of subordinate clauses dominated by before , until and i ' m afraid can be interpreted referentially or expletively . according to ariel cohen , only until contexts allow an expletive negation . bob fradkin mentionned that expletive negation in mh seemed less frequent than in french . while it seems that expletive negation in mh has a narrower domain of use than in french , there might also be a question of style involved here ; while expletive negation is an aknowledged grammatical feature of formal style in french , it might be a non-standard feature of mh . this is suggested to me by the fact that neither glinert 1989 suggested by michael ephratt nor rosen 1977 even mention expletive negation in mh . lucia tovena pointed me to her 1994 paper in geneva generative papers about italian , hungarian and hindi expletive negation in until contexts . for a typological overview of expletive negation , one can consult horn 1978 , which shows the typological extension of the phenomenon . now , i ' m still left with a few unanswered questions . i ' m surprised that there apparently does n't exist any study on the topic in mh . i wonder whether i should be looking in the direction of ancient hebrew . a question of more general interest is how to deal with divergent distributions of a phenomenon across languages ; in other words , how should the fact that expletive negation exists in comparative and fearing contexts in a large number of languages but not in mh ? ? could matters of style , as suggested above , explain this ? ? thanks for those who responded and for those who will . - glinert , l . , 1989 , the grammar of modern hebrew , cambridge up . - horn , l . , 1978 , some aspects of negation , j . greenberg , universals of human language , vol . 4 , standford up , 127-210 . - moore , m . , 1992 , double negation , et cetera , 304-309 . - rosen , 1977 , contemporary hebrew . pierre larrivee departement de langues et linguistique , universite laval , quebec , canada , g1k 7p4 3914larp @ vm1 . ulaval . ca
",0
1295,"Subject: gurt 1995 ( long posting )
 
 georgetown university round table on languages and linguistics 1995 pre - sessions and conference : march 6-11 , 1995 "" linguistics and the education of second language teachers : ethnolinguistic , psycholinguistic , and sociolinguistic aspects "" main conference opening session : wednesday , march 8 , 1995 , 7 : 30 p . m . , georgetown campus , gaston hall ( registration required ) opening remarks : james e . alatis , dean emeritus , school of languages and linguistics chair , georgetown university round table 1995 dedication of conference to charles a . ferguson acceptance by shirley brice heath honored guest : eugene garcia , director , obemla , u . s . department of education speaker : steve krashen , university of southern california the cause - effect confusion and the time issue in education opening reception to follow in icc galleria admission to all sessions by badge only ; registration materials and badges will not be mailed but may be picked up at registration center in intercultural center ( icc ) , exact location to be posted ; registration materials for march 8 evening session available in gaston hall foyer from 6 : 30 p . m . all pre-sessions on march 6 , 7 , and 8 and main sessions on march 9 , 10 , and 11 will be held in intercultural center ( rooms to be posted ) . detailed program with abstracts included in registration packets . thursday , march 9 , 1995 intercultural center plenary speakers : kathleen bailey , monterey institute of international studies what teachers say about teaching bessie dendrinos , university of athens , greece foreign language textbook discourse and pedagogization of the learner invited speakers : david r . andrews , georgetown university standard versus non-standard : the intersection of sociolinguistics and language teaching elsaid badawi , american university in cairo the use of arabic in egyptian t . v . commercials : a language simulator for the training of teachers of arabic as a foreign language kenneth chastain , university of virginia knowledge , language , and communication virginia p . collier , george mason university language acquisition for school : academic , cognitive , sociocultural , and linguistic processes joann crandall , university of maryland baltimore county reinventing schools : the role of the applied linguist nadine o'connor di vito , university of chicago using native speech to formulate past tense rules in french adam jaworski , university of wales , college of cardiff language awareness in applied linguistics students : evidence from linguistic and cultural heritage essays donna lardiere , georgetown university an update on transfer and transferability donald j . loritz , georgetown university unlearning learnability yuling pan , georgetown university addressee , setting , and verbal behavior : how relevant are they in foreign language teaching ? guy spielmann , georgetown university multidisciplinary integrated language education ( mile ) and second / foreign language teaching g . richard tucker , carnegie mellon university developing a research component within a teacher education program andrea tyler , georgetown university patterns of lexis : how much can repetition tell us about discourse coherence ? bill vanpatten , university of illinois , urbana - champaign is psycholinguistics relevant to language teaching ? shelley wong , university of maryland , college park curriculum transformation : a psycholinguistic course for prospective teachers of esol k 12 elizabeth zsiga , georgetown university phonology and phonetics in the education of second language teachers : the representation of some variable rules of english friday , march 10 , 1995 intercultural center plenary speakers : leslie m . beebe , teachers college , columbia university polite fictions : instrumental rudeness as pragmatic competence joan morley , university of michigan maximizing learning invited speakers : vincent j . cangiano , el houcine haichour , stephanie j . stauffer , georgetown university taming the electronic lion , or how to shape a language learning environment out of the chaos called the internet jeff connor - linton , georgetown university late night thoughts on complexity , linguistics , and language teaching barbara a . craig , georgetown university boundary discourse and the authority of knowledge in the second language classroom madeline e . ehrman , u . s . department of state , fsi personality , language learning aptitude , and program structure aviva freedman , carleton university , ottawa "" situating "" learning to write for the l2 teacher william c . hannas , georgetown university teaching chinese teachers what constitutes "" chinese "" susan huss - lederman , georgetown university "" wait wait wait wait ! "" a sociolinguistic analysis of repetition in the speech of adult beginning esl learners using instructional software kurt r . jankowsky , georgetown university on the need to unlearn in the foreign language learning process ronald p . leow , georgetown university teacher education and psycholinguistics : making teachers psycholinguists steven j . loughrin - sacco , boise state university research internships : involving undergraduate foreign language secondary education majors in ethnographic research anne pakir , national university of singapore beginning at the end : "" bilingual education for all "" in singapore and teacher perception sophia c . papaefthymiou - lytra , university of athens , greece culture and the teaching of foreign languages : a case study teresa pica , university of pennsylvania teaching language and teaching language learners : the expanding role and expectations of language teachers in communicative content-based classrooms peter schmitter , martin - luther - universit t halle - wittenberg , germany structural or cognitive semantics as a topic in the linguistic education of second language teachers ? charles w . stansfield , second language testing , inc . considerations in the writing of sopi prompts monique y . wong , hellenic american union , greece using simulation to develop negotiation strategies in a foreign language saturday , march 11 , 1995 intercultural center plenary speakers : marianne celce - murcia , university of california , los angeles the elaboration of sociolinguistic competence : implications for teacher education diane larsen - freeman , school for international training on the changing role of linguistics in the education of second language teachers : past , present , and future invited speakers : catherine n . ball , georgetown university providing comprehensible input in a dead foreign language : two text-based strategies isolda e . carranza , georgetown university multi - level analysis of two-way bilingual classroom discourse anna uhl chamot , georgetown university learning strategies of elementary foreign language immersion students mary el - kadi , old dominion university discourse analysis of classroom interaction and the training of esl teachers elaine k . horwitz , university of texas at austin foreign language anxiety and foreign language teachers : what can teacher educators do ? christina kakava , mary washington college directness and indirectness in professor student interaction : the intersection of contextual and cultural constraints david nunan , university of hong kong systemic - functional linguistics and the education of second language teachers : a case study linju ogasawara , japanese ministry of education ( ret . ) native cultural interference in japanese english usage john j . staczek , georgetown university metalinguistic talk in mature l2 adult-learner classroom discourse stephanie j . stauffer , georgetown university reap what you sow : in - service training for language teachers for computer-mediated communication steven sternfeld , university of utah from hirsch 's dystopia to hakuta 's utopia : a call for multilingual alliance weiping wu , center for applied linguistics education of second language teachers : the link between linguistic theory and teaching practice dolly j . young , university of tennessee language anxiety in sl acquisition : using a wider angle of focus raffaella zanuttini , georgetown university dialectal variation as an insight into the structure of language gen - yuan zhuang , hangzhou university , prc what they hear is not what they read : speech perception and the training of english teachers in china * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * other georgetown conferences : * georgetown linguistics society , gls 1995 , developments in discourse analysis , february 17-19 , 1995 . plenary speakers : frederick erickson , charles goodwin , heidi hamilton , deborah schiffrin , roger shuy , and deborah tannen . contact : gls 1995 , g . u . dept . of linguistics , icc 479 , washington , dc 20057-1068 ; gls @ guvax . georgetown . edu ; gls @ guvax . bitnet ; tel : 202 / 687-6166 . * international linguistics association , ila , discourse and text analysis , march 10-12 , 1995 . contact : ruth brend , 3363 burbank dr . , ann arbor , mi 48105 ; ruth . brend @ um . cc . umich . edu ; tel : 313 / 665-2787 ; fax : ( 313 ) 665-9743 ; email : ruth . brend @ um . cc . umich . edu * 9th annual symposium on arabic linguistics , march 10-12 , 1995 . contact g . u . arabic department , icc 463 , washington , dc 20057-1082 ; solernoe @ guvax . georgetown . edu ; tel : 202 / 687 - 5743 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * pre-conference sessions : march 6 - 8 , 1995 the pre-conference sessions will be held in the intercultural center of georgetown university . please contact the individual organizers for more information on the content of the sessions only . to register , see registration form or contact gurt coordinator . monday , march 6 , 1995 spanish linguistics i organizers : dr . hector campos , mr . eric holt , and ms . norma catalan g . u . department of spanish washington , dc 20057-0989 ( 202 ) 687-6134 hcampos @ guvax . georgetown . edu issues in slavic linguistics organizer : dr . david r . andrews g . u . department of russian washington , dc 20057-0990 ( 202 ) 687-6108 / 6147 andrewsd @ guvax . georgetown . edu african linguistics vi organizer : rev . solomon sara , s . j . , ph . d . g . u . department of linguistics washington , dc 20057-1068 ( 202 ) 687-5956 ssara @ guvax . georgetown . edu discourse and agency : responsibility and deception organizer : dr . patricia e . o'connor g . u . department of english washington , dc 20057-1048 ( 202 ) 687-7622 ; fax : 687-5445 oconnorpe @ guvax . georgetown . edu tuesday , march 7 , 1995 spanish linguistics ii organizers : dr . hector campos , mr . eric holt , and ms . norma catalan g . u . department of spanish washington , dc 20057-0989 ( 202 ) 687-6134 hcampos @ guvax . georgetown . edu teaching and learning spoken arabic organizer : dr . margaret nydell g . u . department of arabic washington , dc 20057-1082 ( 202 ) 687-5743 history of linguistics organizer : dr . kurt r . jankowsky g . u . department of german washington , dc 20057-0994 ( 202 ) 687-5812 innovative audio and looking at multimedia ( two sessions ) organizer : jackie m . tanner , director g . u . language learning technology washington , dc 20057-0987 ( 202 ) 687-5766 jtanner @ guvax . georgetown . edu issues in foreign language program direction i organizer : dr . ronald p . leow g . u . spanish dept . washington , dc 20057-0909 ( 202 ) 687-6134 rleow @ guvax . georgetown . edu wednesday , march 8 , 1995 computer - mediated discourse analysis organizer : dr . susan herring program in linguistics university of texas arlington , tx 76019 ( 817 ) 273-3133 susan @ utafll . uta . edu celebration of bilingual immersion programs organizer : prof . dorothy b . goodman friends of international education p . o . box 4800 washington , dc 20008 ( 202 ) 363-8510 issues in foreign language program direction ii organizer : dr . ronald p . leow g . u . department of spanish washington , dc 20057-0989 ( 202 ) 687-6134 rleow @ guvax . georgetown . edu * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tutorials ( for connor - linton and spielmann tutorials , maximum of 20 participants ; no participant limit for krashen workshop ) : monday , march 6 "" criterion - referenced curriculum and test development for language teachers and administrators "" presenter : dr . jeff connor - linton , g . u . dept of linguistics , ( 202 ) 687-5956 tuesday , march 7 "" language acquisition and language education : a review of research and theory and current issues "" presenter : dr . steve krashen , school of education , university of southern california , los angeles , ca 90089-0031 wednesday , march 8 authentic documents in the language class : theoretical perspectives and didactic applications presenter : dr . guy spielmann , g . u . department of french , ( 202 ) 687-5717 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * for registration , hotel and other information , please contact carolyn a . straehle , coordinator * gurt 1995 * georgetown university school of languages and linguistics * 303 intercultural center * washington , dc 20057-1067 * e-mail : gurt @ guvax . bitnet or gurt @ guvax . georgetown . edu * voice : 202 / 687-5726 * fax : 202 / 687-5712 * * * * * * * to obtain gurt ' 95 information from the world wide web , use the following address : url : http : / / www . georgetown . edu / conferences / gurt95 / gurt95 . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * for inexpensive student accommodations , contact : washington student center at the washington international ayh - hostel 1009 11th street , nw washington , dc 20001 tel : ( 202 ) 737-2333 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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1296,"Subject: the lanuage wayana
 
 i am in very interested in getting hold of any dictionaries , lexicons , or any other material on the wayana language . i am not sure what language family wayana belongs to , but it is spoken among the amerindians in french guiana , suriname , and northeastern brazil . if anyone has any info . that would help me respond to : ebs3b @ virginia . edu . thank you in advance . erik seversen .
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1297,"Subject: materials to learn luganda
 
 i ' m inquiring for a somewhat linguistically savvy undergraduate who will be spending this june - november in kampala : what is there available in the way of books , a / v materials , courses , whatever for learning luganda ? thanks . george huttar huttar @ sil . org
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1298,"Subject: queries
 
 in a reference i can no longer identify , i recall coming across an assertion that the accent with which east indians speak english arose as a result of the teachers of english in india during the major period of british colonialism there were from wales . as a result , indians were originally taught english with a welsh accent , a happenstance of linguistic accidnet perpetuated through succeeding generations . is ther any truth to this ? does anyone out there know the origins of this ? further - - are there any studies on characteristics of national accents in foreign tongues ( eg . is there a relationship between the characteristic accent with which italians speak english and , say , the way in which they might speak russian ; or the english person 's accent in speaking spanish or in speaking french , for instance ) . finally - - a medico-linguistic query . in older medical text - books which listening to the chest with a stethoscope , the physician is instructed to tell the patient to enunciate "" ninety-nine . "" this actually makes very little sense . the origin apparently is from an early translation from the german in which the german term-equivalent used in the original text for what was translated as "" ninety-nine "" does involve strong expirations and so is a useful tool in examination . again - - does anyone out there have any info on this ? to complicate things further - - i am a biologist and not a linguist and am not on this list ! so i would greatly apprciate it you could communicate with me directly : shodell @ aurora . liunet . edu very many thanks for reading this far and for any help you might be able to offer - - mike shodell
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1299,"Subject: the ipa market
 
 "" alexis mr "" urges that phonetic alphabets be standardized , and writes , "" why not let the invisible hand of the "" market "" of ideas operate freely ? "" but the market * is * operating . that 's exactly why we have several different systems , any that 's why people feel free to modify those systems as they please . i do not see how the market would demand i asked in an earlier egram ( vol-6 - 199 ) why it would benefit me , as an active fieldworker , to have a completely revamped phonetic alphabet . i am still waiting for a plausible answer . i am happy with ipa most of the time , and when i ' m not i innovate as necessary . a complete overhaul would be wrenching for me and probably leave me feeling extremely alientated . more likely , i would just go on using the ipa and chinese ipa symbols i already use , and the dubious goal of a new , unified standard phonetic system would fail . i think the real reason some people want to overhaul ipa is to alter its aesthetics - to make it neater , more symmetrical somehow . i do not see any practical value in this . nor do i see any need to have a single , unified system , replacing both ipa and american consensual practice . everybody recognizes esh , and everybody recognizes s-hachek , and if a letter _ y _ appears in a transcription you look carefully at the introduction and find out what it represents , that 's all . where is the problem ? please , someone tell me , where is the problem ? david prager branner , yuen ren society asian l&l , do-21 , university of washington seattle , wa 98195 ( charmii @ u . washington . edu )
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1300,"Subject: re : 6 . 389 sum : history of capitalisation in english
 
 i believe that at one time all nouns were capped in english as they still are in german . you may find something of interest in my paper on the capping of ethnic names in the just published centennial usage studies , pads . as i recall , nunberg tries to map out a descriptive theory of punctuation and says little if anything about caps ( almost no one says anything about them but there are a few works reference in th bibliography to my article . bob wachal
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1301,"Subject: re : 6 . 389 sum : history of capitalisation in english
 
 just a quick one before everyone else gets in . two germanic languages , at least , dutch and standard german , use a captalised pronoun form for the polite second - person use : ' u ' in dutch , ' sie ' in german . i guess the explanation for this is respect , just as pronominal references to the deity are capitalised by many . in modern netherlands dutch , this is disappearing , and ' u ' is used , whereas in belgian dutch ( flemish ) , i have the impression it 's retained much more ( as is the use of ' u ' itself - in netherlands dutch , i believe that ' u ' is beginning to be restricted to formal , rather than merely polite , usage , whereas in belgium , people use ' u ' with each other for much longer - i even heard my children calling their friends , aged around 10 , ' u ' , and they ' re not notably polite ) . the explanation for capitalised ' i ' in english can't be respect - i suspect it 's merely typographical , having to do with the fact that lower-case ' i ' is so small . paul werth
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1302,"Subject: affricates - - one segment or two
 
 the recent query and summary by larry trask on german affricates makes me think of the fact that , unless i am mistaken , it is perfectly easy to hear the difference between one - and two-segment stop-fricative sequences at least in some cases . polish has a contrast of this sort at least in initial position , where the words spelled _ trzy _ and _ czy _ differ only in that the former has a cluster , the second an affricate . also , if you compare the english way of saying _ ts _ with the german way of saying _ z _ ( or the polish or the yiddish , etc . ) , there is an audible difference . most english speakers ' rendition of _ matzah _ ( or _ matzoh _ ) for example sounds quite different from the yiddish or polish , but ( and this is also very suggestive ) i have found a few am . engl . speakers ( not all of them jewish , by the way ) who have the affricate , i . e . , one-segment / ts / in this and perhaps some other yiddish borrowings but the two segment / t / + / s / otherwise , so that these speakers do not rhyme _ matzah _ and _ lots o ( f ) _ , whereas most speakers do . finally , i think some speakers have a one-segment / ts / in hit ya , but a two-segment / t / + / s / in hits ya , although most speakers i have asked refuse to admit anything but the nonpalatalized , non-affricated pronunciation in the second case . alexis mr
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1303,"Subject: turn measurement
 
 dear linguists this is a desperate plea for information regarding software which enables one to time turn-taking in natural conversation . i have followed up a number of references to such devices in the literature but to no avail ! what i need is something which will time ( more accurately than me plus stopwatch ) turns , silence between turns , and , if possible , overlaps . anyone who knows of something which could be persuaded to do this for me , please let me know as this is becoming rather urgent . sally hunt linguistics department rhodes university grahamstown 6140 south africa e-mail : lish @ warthog . ru . ac . za phone : + 27 - 461 - 318105 / 6 ( w ) fax : + 27 - 461 - 25049
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1304,"Subject: query : chinese grammatical markers
 
 i ' m interested in any information regarding the diachronic development of the following grammatical markers in various chinese languages ( apologies for the email-mutilated transcriptions ) : ( 1 ) mandarin : [ de ] ( the "" genitive "" / "" relative "" marker ) ( 2 ) mandarin : [ ge ] ( the general numeral classifier ) ( 3 ) shanghainese : [ ge ] ( the "" genitive "" / "" relative "" marker ) ( 4 ) hokkien : [ e ] ( a ) ( the "" genitive "" / "" relative "" marker ) ( b ) ( the general numeral classifier ) ( 5 ) teochew : [ kai ] ( a ) ( the "" genitive "" / "" relative "" marker ) ( b ) ( the general numeral classifier ) ( 6 ) cantonese : [ ge ] ( the "" genitive "" / "" relative "" marker ) [ go ] ( the general numeral classifier ) [ dik ] ( the ligature ) more specifically : question 1 : which of the above markers are historically / etymologically related to which others , ie . deriving from a diachronically reconstructable common source ? ( eg . are mandarin [ de ] and cantonese [ dik ] diachronically related ? , etc . etc . ) question 2 : ( specific to hokkien and teochew ) most native speakers of hokkien and teochew , who are also speakers of mandarin , are of the opinion that there are two distinct markers exhibiting accidental homophony : a "" genitive "" / "" relative "" [ e ] / [ kai ] corresponding to mandarin [ de ] , and a "" classifier "" [ e ] / [ kai ] corresponding to mandarin [ ge ] . question 2a : is it demonstrably the case that [ e ] and [ kai ] are the respective products of diachronic coalescence of distinct forms at some earlier stage of the language ? question 2b : are there any valid synchronic arguments for positing two distinct lexical items , ie . two [ e ] 's in hokkien , and two [ kai ] 's in teochew ? ( i consider the choice of characters conventionally used to represent these markers as irrelevant . ) note : i am a general linguist , not a sinologist , and i do n't read or speak chinese . i would greatly appreciate either your own views on the above questions , or references to published works addressing these questions . however , if the references happen to be in chinese , i would be extremely grateful if you could provide a synopsis of their contents . thanks , david gil national university of singapore ellgild @ nusvm . bitnet
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1305,"Subject: inquiry re : slang and rock music
 
 i am working on a project where i need to explore the relationship between rock & roll music and current slang . any suggestions on previous studies or books or any contributions would be greatly appreciated . i will post a summary and e - mail directly to anyone who requests a follow up . thank you carolyn chriss caroza @ aol . com
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1306,"Subject: sum : uptalk
 
 recently i asked for information on uptalk or high rising terminal . i received many responses from people and a number of useful references . i want to thank the following people for their help : cynthia mclemore janet holmes gregory ward marc picards david britain carolyn buck - gengler laura a . michaelis julia hirschberg and elizabeth whalley i received the following references : allan , scott 1990 . the rise of new zealand intonation . in allan bell & janet holmes ( eds . ) new zealand ways of speaking english . clevedon , avon : multilingual matters . 115-128 . britain , david 1992 . linguistic change in intonation : the use of high rising terminals in new zealand english . language variation & change . vol . 4 , 1 : 77-104 . britain , d & john newman 1992 . high rising terminals in new zealand english . in journal of international phonetic association vol . 22 : 1 / 2 : 1-11 . mclemore , cynthia 1991 . the interpretation of l * h in english . texas linguistic forum 32 : discourse : 175-96 . mclemore , c . 1992 . prosodic variation across discourse types . ircs work - shop on prosody in natural speech . 117 - 128 . hirschberg , j & ward , g . the interpretation of the high-rise question contour in english . soon to appear in the journal of pragmatics . in addition , i received suggestions and support from many people for which i am thankful . sincerely , laurel balyeat
",0
1307,"Subject: 
 
 phonology & phonetics generative french phonology : retrospective and perspectives chantal lyche , editor p . 287 , middlesex : afls / esri the book presents a number of the papers read at the international phonology workshop held in aix - en - provence , sept . 93 . the aim of the workshop was to survey the field of french phonology 25 years after the publication of s . schane 's ' french phonology and morphology ' . the book includes 13 papers illustrating several non-linear frameworks and it covers a wide range of topics from the syllable to sociolinguistics studies . the book can be ordered from : european studies and research institute department of modern languages crescent house salford , m5 4wt england germanic langs kristinsson , ari pall ; the pronunciation of modern icelandic ( written in english ) , 67 pp . prize : usd 10 . - ( prepaid , sending cost included ) . cassette ; prize usd 17 . - this is a teaching text on pronunciation , adapted to the needs of foreign speakers . the author concentrates on icelandic spelling and the sounds each letter represents , with special emphasis on those aspects experience has shown to be problematic for foreign speakers . the book contains fifty-six exercises , in which the pronunciation of single words and sentences is illustrated by phonic script , which for simplification purposes has been slightly adapted to spelling . these exercises are also available on cassette , where the words are read out with pauses in between , to give the student time to listen and repeat . svavarsdottir , asta and margriet jonsdottir ; islenska fyrir utlendinga ( icelandic for foreign speakers ) , 236 pp . written in icelandic . prize : usd 24 . - this is a grammar intended for foreign speakers . it is particularly suited for beginners , with whom the authors have a lot of experience . the book is divided into four main parts , each of wich is further divided in to six chapters . the grammar deals with the basic rules of accidence and syntax of modern icelandic . because it has been written with complete beginners in mind , the main emphasis is on the most common and regular grammatical rules . svavarsdottir , asta ; aefingar med enskum glosum og leidriettingarlyklum ( exercices with english glossary and key ) for use with islenska fyrir utlendinga ( icelandic for foreign speakers ) above , 131 pp . prize : usd 16 . - this is a book of exercises intended to reinforce the student 's knowledge of the icelandic rules and syntax as described in islenska fyrir utlendinga . its format follows that of the teaching text , with four main parts , each divided into six chapters , making it very easy to use with islenska fyrir utlendinga . it contains icelandic - english glossary . jonsdottir , margriet ; aefingar ( exercises ) to islenska fyrir utlendinga , 182 pp . prize : usd 21 . - this book contains exercises to reinforce the student 's knowledge of grammatical forms and sentence construction acquired in islenska fyrir utlendinga ( icelandic for foreign speakers ) . the exercises are divided into four parts , with each part further divided into six chapters , like the book , which makes it very easy to use the two books together . the book contains three glossaries , icelandic - french , icelandic - swedish and icelandic - german . these books are available from : institute of linguistics university of iceland arnagardi v / sudurgotu 101 reykjavik iceland and can be ordered through surface mail or through e-mail : malvis @ rhi . hi . is and are prepaid . aphasia eling , paul ( university of nijmegen ) ( ed . ) . reader in the history of aphasia . > from franz gall to norman geschwind john benjamins xvi , 392 pp . aphasia hb : 90 272 1893 5 us $ 110 . 00 / hfl . 200 , - - the study of language and the brain is heavily dependent on work of the early aphasiologists , and those wanting to be acquainted with the discipline will come across frequent references to these classic authors . this collection brings together seminal publications by 19th - and 20th - century neurologists concerned with the relationship between language and the brain . the book includes biographical sketches of the authors discussed , and bibliographies of their relevant publications . texts by : franz joseph gall ( 1758-1828 ) [ claus heeschen ] ; paul broca ( 1824-1915 ) ( paul eling ] ; carl wernicke [ 1848-1905 ] ( antoine keyser ] ; henry charlton bastian ( 1837-1915 ) [ john c . marshall ] ; john hughlings jackson ( 1835-1911 ) [ bento p . m . schulte ] ; sigmund freud ( 1856-1939 ) [ o . r . hommes ) ; jules dejerine ( 1849-1947 ) [ w . o . renierl ; pierre marie ( 1853-1940 ) [ yvan lebrun ] ; amold pick ( 1851 - 1924 ) [ a . d . friederici ] ; henry head ( 1861-1940 ) ( patrick hudson ] ; kurt goldstein ( 1878-1965 ) [ ria de bleser ] ; norman ( geschwind ( 1926-1984 ) [ mary - louise kean ] . discourse abraham , werner , t . givsn and sandra a . thompson ( eds . ) discourse grammar and typology . papers in honor of john w . m . verhaar john benjamins xviii , 346 pp . discourse hb : us : 155619 379 3 / eur : 90 272 3030 7 us $ 98 . 00 / hfl . 175 , - - dedicated to fr . verhaar , this volume presents papers related to discourse analysis and language typology . the papers are arranged in five groups : 1 . transitivity and voice , 2 . clausal modality , 3 . typology and discourse categories , language and culture , 5 . functionality contributions by : werner abraham , john m . clifton , bernard comrie & kaoru horie , bambang purwo kaswanti , robert j . conrad & joshua lukas , bernd heine , paul j . hopper , barbara a . fox , anna wierzbicka , john haiman , charles n . li , and susanna cumming . downing , pamela and michael noonan ( university of wisconsin milwaukee ) ( eds . ) word order in discourse . john benjamins x , 593 pp . discourse hb : us : 1 55619 424 2 / eur : 90 272 2921 x us $ 135 . 00 / hfl . 250 , - - pb : us 1 55619 636 9 / eur : 90 272 2922 8 us $ 37 . 95 / hfl . 75 , - - this volume brings together a collection of 18 papers dealing with the problem of word order variation in discourse . word order variation has often been treated as an essentially unpredictable phenomenon , a matter of selecting randomly one set of possible orders generated by the grammar . however , as the papers in this collection show , word order variation is not random , but rather is governed by principles which can be subjected to scientific investigation and are common to all languages . the papers in this volume discuss word order variation in a diverse collection of languages and from a number of perspectives , including experimental and quantitative , text-based studies . a number of papers address the problem of deciding which order is ' basic ' among the alternatives . typological studies in language , 30 m . a . gernsbacher ( university of wisconsin ) and t . givsn ( university of oregon ) ( eds . ) . coherence in spontaneous text . john benjamins x , 267 pp . discourse hb : us : 1 55619 637 7 / eur : 90 272 2923 6 us $ 80 . 00 / hfl . 145 , - - pb : us : 1 55619 638 5 / eur : 90 272 2924 4 us $ 32 . 95 / hfl . 65 , - - the main theme running through this volume is that coherence is a mental phenomenon rather than a property of the spoken or written text , or of the social situation . most of the papers in this volume were originally presented at the symposium on coherence in spontaneous text , held at the university of oregon in the spring of 1992 . contributions by : anne anderson ; jennifer coates ; t . givsn ; charles goodwin ; walter kintsch ; tony sanford and linda moxey ; tom trabasso ; soyoung suh and paula payton ; matthew traxler and morti gernsbacher ; deanna wilkes - gibbs typological studies in language , 31
",0
1308,"Subject: linguist nameserver
 
 the linguists nameserver - plea as many of you will know we maintain a nameserver for linguists and related scientists at linguist @ alf . let . uva . nl . this nameserver contains around 7500 e-mail addresses of persons and institutions , as well as institutional fax addresses . as with all such lists the addresses rapidly become out of date , as people change jobs , or computer centres change computers . to reduce the number of ghost adddresses , and add linguists to the list whose e-mail addresses are not presently contained in it , i would encourage all direct and indirect subscribers to linguist to check that their address ( es ) are still valid . three commands are relevant in this context : list this command enables one or more addresses to be extracted from the database . the correct syntax to extract bill clinton 's address ( just an example ) would be : list clinton this command should be sent to linguists @ alf . let . uva . nl remove this command enables a single address to be removed . the correct syntax is : remove clinton , bill : clinton @ ovalroom . whitehouse . gov add this command enables a single address to be added . the correct syntax is : add clinton , bill : clinton @ ovalroom . whitehouse . gov to change an address you require both a remove and an add operation . any combination of commands is acceptible as long each is given on a separate line . there is no restriction to one command per message . so 150 separate add commands in one message is quite acceptible . we would ask that people do not use capital letters in addresses - these are never essential . the reason for us to ask this at the present is that we will be transferring operations in the near future from the vax on which linguists is now maintained to a new unix system . this will also enable us to improve our service with new possibilities . norval smith pieter masereeuw
",0
1309,"Subject: a new multidisciplinary periodical : call for comments
 
 a new multidisciplinary periodical : call for comments * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the following document presents the broad outlines of a new publication currently being developed by the centre national d ' art et de culture georges - pompidou , paris ( france ) . it is also available on our new www server , at url http : / / www . cnac-gp . fr . we are informing internet users of this project so as to generate a discussion and so that your ideas and comments can be used to modify and enrich our plans . for more detailed information on the project , please refer to the full french version ( available here in a few days ) . you will also find a questionnaire to help us know the people interested in this publication . - - daniel soutif directeur du departement du developpement culturel
",0
1310,"Subject: on - line library catalogs
 
 i do n't mean to discourage linguist readers from posting bibliographical queries on the list . on the contrary , i would like to remind / inform them that available , open-access on-line library catalogs exist through telnet which may make your life much easier when searching for references . all you need is access to telnet and a little patience . the following address will offer you a tour around the main libraries in the world . it 's unlikely for any important volume not to be listed in any of the important libraries . to access it , just give the command ( after the prompt ) telnet rsl . ox . ac . uk or telnet 163 . 1 . 62 . 31 this is ( i believe ) a free service , except for however your local system manages command and cpu usage time . it 's a site located in the u . k . you need no login name , no password . just log in and follow the menus . once you ' ve identified the library ( es ) of your liking , you may prefer to take down their telnet addresses in order to access them directly in the future . a few sites offer access to article indexes . services exist which may fax you a given article upon request ( for a fee , of course ) in 24 hours . the syntax for bibliographical searches varies from institution to institution , but after a while you get the idea and library navigation becomes kids ' stuff . please please do not write to my account asking for more details about how this works - - at least not for a couple of months ! i ' m just a user . celso alvarez - caccamo
",0
1311,"Subject: re : 6 . 381 words that are their own opposites
 
 several people submitted "" overlook "" and "" oversight "" , which are fine examples of this phenomenon in english ( though i think that mary neff 's "" outgoing : retiring "" is perhaps the most elegant submission to date . ) perhaps my current work on the various shades of meaning in english prepositions has biased me , but in any case i think that the difference in the various senses of "" oversight "" and "" overlook "" stems largely from their compounding with "" over - "" . "" over "" is sneaky ; at first glance it seems to be fairly limited in expressive power , but deeper analysis reveals that in it lurk a number of distinctions of meaning , some of them quite subtle indeed . in addition to nuances of physical location , "" over "" can indicate power relationships ( both outright force , and more subtle authority ) , value judgements , and the general notion of ( metaphorically ) moving on to another thing , as in "" get over it "" and "" skip over "" . so my analysis of "" oversight "" and "" overlook "" would be that in one sense , "" over "" takes on the meaning of authority-over , and in the other sense it takes on the meaning of skipping-over . perhaps a similar argument could be make for the "" sight / see / look "" part of the compound ? for instance , useages such as "" see to it "" "" look to your own interest "" seem to carry some of this "" authority "" meaning . i think the "" over "" analysis is more clear-cut , but it would be interesting to see if someone will make a case for the other half . - - marion kee marion kee | all opinions are my own ; knowledge engineer , center for machine translation | when cmu wants my opinions carnegie mellon university pittsburgh , pa , usa | it pays for them .
",0
1312,"Subject: autoantonyms
 
 a book that is "" in print "" when it is said that such-and - such author has x hundred thousand books "" in print "" can actually be out of print from the standpoint of the potential purchaser of that book . frank y . gladney .
",0
1313,"Subject: re : 6 . 381 words that are their own opposites
 
 in the hebrew bible , the verb berek usually means "" to bless "" . however , in the first chapter of the book of job , the same word is generally believed to mean "" to curse "" . a similar contrast is found in later midrashic and talmudic literature . arian . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = + = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = dr arian j . c . verheij | email arian @ th . vu . nl vu , dpt . computer science & biblical studies | phone + 31 20 444 6625 / 7 de boelelaan 1105 , nl 1081 hv amsterdam | fax + 31 20 444 6635
",0
1314,"Subject: words that are their own opposites
 
 st isidore of seville may well be the source of "" lucus a non lucendo , "" as paul werth suggests . however , it 's no accident that benji wald attributed this ' etymology ' to varro ( 116-27 b . c . e . ) , as the latter is responsible for such etymological gems as vallum . . . quod ea varicare nemo posset "" _ vallum _ ' camp wall ' because no one could _ varicare _ 's traddle over it ' "" ( _ de lingua latina _ : v , 117 ) and qua vix agi potest , hinc angiportum ; qua nil potest agi , hinc angulus "" where it is hardly possible for anything _ agi _ ' to be driven , ' from this it is called an _ angiportum _ ' alley ' ; where nothing can _ agi _ ' be driven , ' from this it is an _ angulus _ ' corner ' "" ( ibid . : vi , 41 ) . a footnote in the loeb edition of _ de lingua latina _ refers to this as "" derivation by the contrary meaning , "" and cites another example : ludus , in quo minime luditur "" school , in which there is very little playing "" ( festus , 122 . 16m ) . karen baumer yale university
",0
1315,"Subject: re : words that are their own opposites
 
 in february , anna morpurgo davies ( morpurgo @ vax . ox . ac . uk ) mentioned lepschy and gave 3 references ; i wish to mention one further one : lepschy , guilio ( 1982 ) . linguistic historiography . in david crystal ( ed . ) linguistic controversies : essays in linguistic theory and practice in honour of f . r . palmer . london : edwards arnold . in discussing carl abel 's _ gegensinn der urworte _ ( 1884 ) and related work lepschy writes : "" his [ i . e . , abel 's ] theory on the importance and interest of words with opposite meanings ( which were , he suggested , particularly frequent in the early stages of languages ) finds its place in a long tradition of studies , from the stoic 's grammar and the etymologies _ e contrario _ [ . . . ] , to the chapter in arab linguistic tradition devoted to the [ . . . ] contraries , or words of opposite meanings [ . . . ] to the medieval jewish grammarians ' discussions on parallel phenomena in hebrew [ . . . ] to christian biblical scholars who at least since the 17th century examine cases of ' enantiosemy ' in the sacred , classical , and modern languages , commenting on words like hebrew _ berekh _ ' he blessed ' and ' he cursed ' , greek _ argo 's _ 's wift ' and 's low ' , latin _ altus _ ' high ' and 'd eep ' [ . . . ] nearer to abel , in the first part of the 19th century , we find the german romantics meditating on opposite meanings [ . . . ] and it is impossible not to remember hegel 's comments on a key term in his logic , _ aufheben _ , which means both ' to eliminate ' and ' to preserve ' , illustrating a coexistence in language of opposite meanings which has great speculative import . "" lepschy also writes that abel 's ideas "" were taken seriously by people of the calibre of pott , steinthal , and schuchardt "" , and that freud repeatedly quoted abel 's work , viewing it "" as a linguistic confirmation "" of his own theory that "" for the unconscious , opposites are equivalent to each other . "" ( pp . 28-29 ) surprisingly broad historically , i thought . in this chapter lepschy bemoans the more general lack of a comprehensive historiography of linguistics . - jane edwards ( edwards @ cogsci . berkeley . edu )
",0
1316,"Subject: temp position in syntax
 
 the program in linguistics , institute of linguistics and asian and slavic languages and literatures ( ilasll ) , at the university of minnesota invites applications for a full-time temporary ( non-tenure track ) position for a specialist in syntactic theory ( any leading framework ) at the assistant professor level for the 1995-96 academic year . the teaching load will be five courses over three quarters , beginning 16 september 1995 . specific teaching responsibilities include a two-quarter introductory sequence in syntax ; an undergraduate introduction to linguistics ; one graduate seminar in syntax on a topic of choice ; and a second graduate course in an area of choice ( morphological or phonological theory , semantics / pragmatics , or historical linguistics being preferred ) . other responsibilities include maintaining research activities , advising of graduate students , and service on departmental committees . essential qualifications include the ph . d . in linguistics and university-level teaching experience ; applicants with scholarly publications and presentations are preferred . the linguistics program at the twin cities campus of the university of minnesota offers the b . a . , m . a . , and ph . d . degrees in linguistics and maintains strong ties to graduate programs and research centers in cognitive science , communication disorders , and language acquisition . applicants should send a resume , a letter of application describing current research and teaching interests , and three letters of reference to : chair , linguistics search committee program in linguistics , ilasll 192 klaeber court university of minnesota 320 - 16th avenue se minneapolis , mn 55455 all materials must be received by 14 april 1995 . further information can be obtained by letter to the above address or e-mail directed to bdowning @ maroon . tc . umn . edu . the university of minnesota is committed to the policy that all persons shall have equal access to its programs , facilities , and employment without regard to race , color , creed , religion , national origin , sex , age , marital status , disability , public assistance status , veteran status , or sexual orientation .
",0
1317,"Subject: l2 theory job ad
 
 the linguistics program at the university of utah invites applications for a non-tenure track position for the 1995-96 academic year . a . b . d . minimum required . duties include teaching a total of six courses ( two in each of three quarters ) : one in second language acquisition theory , and others in area of specialization , preferably psycholinguistics and / or phonology . we would prefer a candidate with an interest in applied linguistics . salary competitive ; benefits included . ( in 1995-96 , we anticipate recruiting for two full-time tenure-track positions in applied linguistics with interests in either of two areas : ( 1 ) psycholinguistics and / or phonology , and ( 2 ) esl / bilingual education in k-12 . ) the university of utah is an equal opportunity , affirmative action employer and encourages applications from women and minorities and provides reasonable accommodation to the known disabilities of applicants and employees . send vitae , three letters of recommendation , and a cover letter expressing qualifications to marianna di paolo , linguistics program , 2300 lnco , university of utah , salt lake city , ut 84112 . screening will begin on april 24 and will continue until the position is filled .
",0
1318,"Subject: job : japanese
 
 tohoku university , japan . the international student center invites applications for a zyokyoozyu ( equivalent to associate professor ) who can teach japanese and serve as international student adviser . specialty open , but experience in teaching japanese as a foreign language considered an asset . near - native competency in japanese required . ph . d . holder preferred . send the following documents , enclosed in an envelope with "" kyokan koobo "" written on it in red , by registered mail to : ryugakusei - ka , syomu - bu , tohoku daigaku 2 - 1 - 1 katahira , aoba - ku , sendai - shi , 980-77 japan . 1 ) a vita ( in japanese or english ) 2 ) a proof of the highest academic degree obtained 3 ) 2 letters of recommendation ( in japanese or english ) 4 ) a list of publications and conference presentations ( in japanese or english ) 5 ) 5 major scholarly publications ( photocopies or offprints acceptable ) , each accompanied by a summary of approx . 200 japanese character length ( or its equivalent in english ) 6 ) a list of teaching experience , if any ( in japanese or english ) 7 ) an essay in japanese , approx . 2000 character length , stating your interest in teaching international students , on the basis of your own cross-cultural experience the closing date for the application will be june 15 , 1995 . the appointment is to begin on october 1 , 1995 . should you have any questions , please contact professor shigeru sato ( satos @ intcul . tohoku . ac . jp ) .
",0
1319,"Subject: 
 
 journal of japanese linguistics - - yasuaki abe & yoko sugioka , editors table of contents , vol . 15 ( 1993 ) , - - published january , 1995 lexical and productive causatives in japanese : an examination of the theory of paradigmatic structure s . - y . kuroda , university of california , san diego nonsubject honorification : a pragmatic analysis shoko hamano , george washington university the generalized transformation analysis of relative clauses and island effects in japanese keiko murasugi , kinjo gakuin university notes on control constructions in japanese naoko nemoto , binghamton university extraction of doo and its implications hiroyuki ura , mit orders and inquiries to : jjl , nanzan university , 18 yamazatocho , showaku , nagoya 466 japan , email : jjl @ ic . nanzan-u . ac . jp , fax : japan 052-832 - 5490 ( info also available from the linguist archive and at the www page , http : / / condor . stcloud . msus . edu : 20020 / tojpn . html )
",0
1320,"Subject: 
 
 history of ling formigari , lia and daniele gambarara . historical roots of linguistic theories . john benjamins viii , 309 pp . history of linguistics hb : us : 1 55619 610 5 / eur : 90 272 4561 4 us $ 79 . 00 / hfl . 140 , - - most of the papers collected in this volume concentrate on the history of linguistic ideas in france and italy in the modern period ( from the renaissance to the present day ) . some of them are specifically focused on the links between the two traditions of reflection on language . contributions by : a . d ' atri ; f . aqueci ; s . auroux ; m . - c . capt - artaud ; j . - c . chevalier ; f . crispini ; d . droixhe ; l . formigari ; d . gambarara ; s . gensini ; g . graffi ; f . nef - , a . pennisi ; r . simone ; j . - p . seris ; c . stancati ; s . vecchio . studies in the history of the language sciences , 74 morphology stonham john t . combinatorial morphology . john benjamins xii , 207 pp . morphology hb : us : 1-55619 - 574 - 5 / eur : 90 272 3623 2 us $ 52 . 00 / hfl . 90 , - - this book presents a detailed examination of the most important arguments for a process-based theory of morphology and offers a highly-constrained alternative to the powerful mechanisms proposed in processual theories of morphology . data is presented from dozens of different languages from numerous language families around the worid , much of it new to the linguistic forum . the importance of prosodic morphology in the analysis of linguistic phenomena is highlighted and the need for greater constraints on generative power is examined . this work addresses some of the thorniest problems in morphological theory in a novel alternative fashion , including the issues of ablaut , exchange rules , metathesis , reduplication and subtraction , and presents reanalyses based on moraic morphology and the traditional notion of ' combination ' of morphemes along with the underlying theme of constraining the grammar of natural language to the utmost . current issues in linguistic theory , 120 pidgins & creoles arends , jacques , pieter muysken and norval smith ( eds . ) pidgins and creoles . an introduction . john benjamins xii , 412 pp pidgins and creoles hb : us : 1 55619 169 3 / eur : 90 272 5236 x us $ 79 . 00 / hfl . 140 , - - pb : us : 1 55619 170 7 / eur : 90 272 5237 8 us $ 29 . 95 / hfl . 60 , - - this new introduction to the linguistic study of pidgin and creole languages is clearly designed as an introductory course book . it does not demand a high level of previous linguistic knowledge . part i : general aspects and part ii : theories of genesis constitute the core for presentation and discussion in the classroom , while part iii : sketches of individual languages ( such as eskimo pidgin , haitian , saramaccan , shaba swahili , fa d ' ambu , papiamentu , sranan , berbice dutch ) and part iv : grammatical features ( such as tma particles and auxiliaries , noun phrases , reflexives , serial verbs , fronting ) can form the basis for further exploration . a concluding chapter draws together the different strands of argumentation , and the annotated list provides the background information on several hundred pidgins , creoles and mixed languages . creole language library , 15 ling theory simone , raffaele ( third university of rome ) ( ed . ) . iconicity in language john benjamins xii , 318 pp . ling theory hb : us : 1 55619 564 8 / eur : 90 272 3613 5 us $ 85 . 00 / hfl . 160 , - - one of the basic assumptions of semiotically biased linguistic approaches is that language structure includes some non-arbitrary aspects , from the phonological through the textual level , and a great amount of research has occurred in the last decade regarding the "" iconic aspects "" of language ( s ) . this volume focuses on generally neglected dimensions of language and semiotic activity , featuring contributions by philosophers , linguists , semioticians , and psychologists . specifically discussed are numeration systems , the gestural systems of communication among deaf people , the genesis of writing in children . and inter-ethnic communication . contributions by : stefano gensini ; wolfgang u . dressler ; rudolf engler ; t . givsn ; roberto ajello ; raimo anttila ; sheila embleton ; anna giacalone ramat ; hansjakob seiler ; raffaele simone ; franca orletti ; monica berretta ; elena pizzuto , serena corazza , emanuela cameracanna and virginia volterra ; isabella poggi and virginia volterra ; clotilde pontecorvo . current issues in linguistic theory , 110 egli , u . , p . pause , chr . schwarze , a . von stechow and g . wienold ( univ . of konstanz and t | bingen / dokkyo univ . ( japan ) ) ( eds . ) . lexical knowledge in the organization of language john benjamins xiv , 357 pp . + index ling theory hb : us : 1 55619 568 0 / eur : 90 272 3617 8 us $ 89 . 00 / hfl . 160 , - - this book contains a selection of the papers given at an international conference at the university of konstanz ( germany ) in 1991 . all contributions relate to the assumption that lexical knowledge plays a central role in the organization of language , inasmuch as the components or modules of grammar come together and interact in the lexicon . contributions by : mark c . baker ; gereon m | ller and wolfgang sternefeld ; arnim von stechow ; urs egli and klaus von heusinger ; reinhard muskens ; aarne ranta ; bruce mayo ; peter pause , achim botz and markus egg ; christoph schwarze and marie - theres schepping ; gvtz wienoid ; tatsuo miyajima . current issues in linguistic theory , 114 bok-bennema , reineke and crit cremers . linguistics in the netherlands 1994 john benjamins x , 266 pp . ling theory pb : us : 1 56619 218 5 / eur : 90 272 3154 0 us $ 48 . 00 / hfl . 80 , - - this volume contains a selection of papers presented at the twenty-fifth annual meeting of the linguistic society of the netherlands , held in utrecht on january 22 , 1994 . the aim of the annual meeting is to provide members of the society with an opportunity to report on their work in progress . at this year 's meeting 73 papers were presented . the 23 papers in this volume present an overview of research in different fields of linguistics in the netherlands , such as phonetics , phonology , morphology , syntax and semantics and language acquisition . avt publications , 11
",0
1321,"Subject: summary : whatever happened to 'd ?
 
 a few weeks ago i posted a query to the list regarding the disappearance of had or its contracted form ' d , in such expressions as she better stop , which appeared in a recent academic publication . i questioned people 's attitudes towards the standardisation of this new form ( better ) , the subsequent status of the bare infinitive ( stop ) , the possibility of its association with the extraposed construction it is better that she stop , ( implying a subjunctive analysis of stop ) and the likelihood of substituting another adjective ( e . g . good ) in place of better has a result of this . i also questioned the possibility of inverting better with the subject in interrogatives , given the analysis of it as an auxiliary form . i received 26 replies , and i would like to thank the following people who sent their comments , and anyone who is yet to do so : tamara al - kasey ; eleanor olds batchelder ; jonathon berg ; claudia brugman ; marsha bundman ; ellen contini - morava ; max copperman ; john cowan ( logical language group ) david fertig ; frederik fouvry ; dorine houston ; marge jackman ; roger lass ; deborah d . kela ruuskanen ; james kirchner ; timothy miller ; catherine rudin ; raphael salkie ; alena sanusi ; hal schiffman ; jane simpson ; dan slobin ; frits stuurman ; larry trask ; ivan uemlianen ; max wheeler . of 18 replies to the question of standardisation , 9 replied that it was not to be considered standard , 9 thought that it was either normal , informal or ok , and 8 did not consider this question . nobody liked the analysis of stop as a subjunctive , 2 people considering that the extraposed derivation sounded educated or stilted . one reply considered that stop was an imperative form . four people replied that better was an auxiliary , 7 thought it was a modal or semi-modal , and 2 thought that the construction was simply idiomatic . john cowan made mention of the use of better in yiddish - influenced american english as a sentence prefix : ' better she should n't go ' . with regard to its inversion in interrogatives , 9 people considered sai was not ok , one person thought it ok to invert in tags , and only one person thought main clause sai sounded ok . i also want to thank frederik fouvry for his reference : "" information based syntax and semantics "" ( hpsg vol . 1 , pollard & sag , 1987 ) in which better is analysed as an auxiliary that does n't allow inversion ; and frits stuurman for his references and comments : in g . gazdar , g . pullum , & i . sag ( 1982 ) "" auxiliaries and related phenomena in a restricted theory of phrase structure "" _ language _ 59 , 3 : 591-638 , pp . 610-611 , there is a reference to aren ' t as a similar case ( aren ' t i vs . i aren ' t ) ; and in gazdar , e . klein , pullum & sag ( 1985 ) _ generalized phrase structure grammar _ ( cambridge , mass . : harvard up ) , p . 64 , and gazdar , pullum & sag ( 1982 ) , p . 611 , footnote 17 , there are references to different meanings of modals like shall and might when inverted for interrogatives . frits stuurman also cites a gpsg reference to the use of better in p . sells ( 1985 ) _ lectures on government - binding theory , generalized phrase structure grammar , and lexical - functional grammar _ ( stanford : csli ) , p . 93 . many people found analogies with other modals that do not invert , e . g . claudia brugman mentions the difficulty of inverting ' she has to stop ' ) * ' has she to stop ? ' and gotta is equally impossible to invert . james kirchner also mentions otta as a similar case . tamara al - kasey compares the negative and the affirmative interrogatives : * ' had she better stop ? ' and ' had n't she better stop ? ' suggesting that the latter is more acceptable . other interesting items were : the vp - deletion version , observed by max wheeler ' we better had ' ; and at least 2 people considered that had seems to return only for inversion for interrogatives . generally , the use of inversion of better + subject was considered more common in tags , especially amongst children or teenagers , and jane simpson thinks that the tag bettern ' t you is now appearing in australian english , with or without the preceding ' d . ivan uemlianen ( british speaker from northern england ) claims he had always used the tag ' bettern ' t i ? ' as a child , which had always struck him as not quite right , and had never heard of the had until he heard it being used in old films . dan slobin considers the use of had to be archaic , or from another variety or era , although the inversion ' better she go ? ' does not appear in the speech of american - english preschoolers in their data . one respondent did n't know where the had came from , and another reanalysed it as would , in the same way as it has been reanalysed in conditional protases . another suggestion was that it was analogous to a pluperfect auxiliary without tense . two replied that the expression she better stop was just an example of sloppy editing . there was little discussion of phonological processes , but , in particular , i found interesting the following comments by roger lass : "" in my dialect anyhow ( new york city middle class ) , it 's certainly normal to say ( and sometimes , in less formal registers , to write ) , i better , you better , he better , we better , they better . . . observe though : all the pronouns end with a vowel , and there are alternative forms , e . g . i 'd better . . . though these are much less common . there is however another type , which is sometimes taken to be better but is n't : you [ b ] better , where there 's a sort of geminate or at least half-long consonant . the very fact that none of the syntactic things you mark with * or ? seem to occur would be an indication that there has not really been any kind of reanalysis , but rather an institutionalization of a fast-speech deletion and / or assimilation , which is creeping up into slower styles ( as often happens ) . in fact the construction itself is weird anyhow , since you had comparative does n't seem to exist , except in archaisms like ' i 'd liefer do that ' ( i can't use it , but i ' ve heard it ) . note also , it 's just occurred to me , that you do n't get deletion of - 'd in * i rather do that . . . "" this last comment i think gives us plenty of scope for more discussion . debbie ziegeler
",0
1322,"Subject: 8 - bit characters
 
 dear fellow linguists : in the past months i have read several postings to this list using languages other than english ( spanish , german , french , finnish , italian , etc . ) . i consider this situation absolutely delicious , as it adds that international flavour that our discipline is so proud of . as english is not my native tongue , i welcome and exercise my right to use my language in all contexts . however , the notorious difficulty that 8 - bit characters have to travel in the cyberspace has made it really hard to send texts that comply with the spelling conventions of these languages ( basically accented and umlauted vowels , greek letters and certain other symbols ) . this is not a big problem when you are just sending a relatively short e-message to a colleague who speaks the same language ( you just drop the accents and type plain vowels or capitals instead , for enye you type a plain "" n "" , etc . ) . the real trouble arises when you wish to send a more polished document such as a paper , an abstract , a conference posting , a bibliography , a draft of a thesis to a distant supervisor , etc . in most of these cases the spelling norms * are * crucial . the obvious solution is the coding of 8 - bit characters as sequences of 7 - bit characters . i think that this has become a common practice , but i do n't know whether there is a standard for these conversions . if this coding practice has not yet been the object of standardisation , i venture to propose one below . this proposal refers to the characters available in the extended character set on ibm pc - compatible computers ( i am not familiar with mac , but this could also be used in that system ) . i would like to stress the fact that it is not necessary to type the ( long ) document using the coding system , rather the file must typed as usual , with accented and umlauted vowels as well as the rest of the characters needed in the language , and just after that you make a copy of the file and on that copy you change the 8 - bit characters for 7 - bit sequences according to the table provided . this procedure is * not * manual , for this you use the search-and - replace facility normally available in your word processor or editor ( remember : the dos editor has it ) . this can be done for most languages in ten or fewer passes ( less than one minute , varying with the size of the file ) . it is important to let the recipient know that you have coded the file in this fashion . append a note at the beginnig of the document to that effect , with a suggestion to use the search-and - replace facility to make the reverse changes , as well as the table of changes and samples . feel free to edit ( and / or translate ) what follows if you wish to make the note shorter by including only what is pertinent for a given language . | a . model of a note :
",0
1323,"Subject: inofficial e-texts
 
 there is a project since 1985 , which intends to collect all works of indo - european languages . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "" thesaurus indogermanischer text - und sprachmaterialien "" ( titus ) vorliegende und in bearbeitung befindliche texte ( vorl ufige liste : stand 26 . januar 1995 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a ) alt - , mittel - und neuindisch : a ) vedisch : rgveda - sa ~ hit ~ : eingabe unter der leitung von w . p . lehmann ( austin , texas ) durch h . s . ananthanarayana ( hyderabad ) ; berarbeitungen durch s . d . atkins ( pomona , california ) , g . e . editorial note in order to cut this message short we have made the complete list of electronic texts available at the listserver under the title etexts txt to retrieve it send the message : get etexts txt linguist to listserv @ tamvm1 . tamu . edu ( internet ) or listserv @ tamvm1 ( bitnet ) for more information , please contact : prof . dr . jost gippert , universit t frankfurt , postfach 11 19 32 , d-60054 frankfurt tel . : + 49-69 - 798 8591 oder 3139 ; fax : + 49-69 - 798 2873 ; e-mail : gippert @ em . uni-frankfurt . d400 . de = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = dr . fco . javier mart ! nez garc ! a vergleichende sprachwissenschaft | tel . + 49 - 69 - 798 2847 universit t frankfurt | ( sekr . ) + 49 - 69 - 798 3139 postfach 11 19 32 | fax . + 49 - 69 - 798 2873 d-60054 frankfurt | martinez @ em . uni-frankfurt . d400 . de = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
",0
1324,"Subject: re : elvis
 
 the associated press news agency recently reported that doctor jukka ammondt and the finnish broadcast corporation choir released a compact disk of songs by elvis presley in latin . the article said that doctor ammondt had also made an earlier cd of tangos , also in latin . since that news article appeared , several persons ( including myself ) have sent messages to the internet latin - l mailing list , and to the internet newsgroup sci . classics , asking to buy one or both of these cd 's . i forwarded some of these messages to doctor ammondt , asking how to get the cd 's . the relevant parts of his reply appear below . rob helm from : jukka ammondt , university of jyvska : la : , finland . . . i have been happily surprised of the interest towards my cd 's and , of course , willing to deliver them to those who are interested in it . the problem is , my producer does n't have connections abroad , and that means that there 's no channels for us to sell the records worldwide - - not yet , anyway . please contact directly my producer ( fax below ) to order the cd 's by post . by the way , i would be extremely happy if you could give me information about someone who could organize selling of the records . i do n't know whom to contact in this business . . . the fax of my producer : stop records , finland . 358-41 - 666773 . . . information about the cd 's is : 1 ) doctor ammondt , tango triste finnicum , 1993 . contains six ( 6 ) finnish traditional tangos in latin . 2 ) doctor ammondt , the legend lives forever in latin , 1995 . contains seven ( 7 ) songs in latin , six of them made known by elvis presley and one with lyrics by the singer .
",0
1325,"Subject: nez perce
 
 does anybody know where i can get ahold of phinney 's ( sp ? ) grammar of nez perce ? i was told that a certain dr . haruo aoki at uc berkeley has written a grammar of the language in which he refers to this work , and i would like to know where i can find it . if you have any information , please address to wied6480 @ varney . idbsu . edu . jack wiedrick
",0
1326,"Subject: any sumerologists out there ?
 
 are there any sumerologists out there who would be willing to answer a few factual questions about sumerian ? alexis mr
",0
1327,"Subject: + 0100
 
 kulbrandstad ) a colleague who does not yet have access to the net , has asked me to post this query : the word leisure in american english may rhyme with seizure or pleasure . can anyone answer the following : 1 . which pronuniciation is more common - / e / or / i / ? 2 . does the individual 's choice reflect regional patterns , social class , or some other factor ? i would also like to ask the same questions about the presence or absence of / l / in ga : calm , palm , psalm , almond etc . thanks in advance . lars anders kulbrandstad hedmark college , norway lak @ hamarlh . no
",0
1328,"Subject: currency names
 
 does anybody know the etymology of the following currency names : rial ( iran , oman , north yemen ) riyal ( saudi arabia , quatar ) riel ( cambodia ) real ( brazil ) and maybe other similar names beginning with ri / re end ending with l ? would it be possible that those names are of the same ( ie . ) origin , originally refering to kingdom e . t . c . ( cf . regal ) ? ( what about the russian _ rubel _ , and the _ rupee _ in india e . t . c . ? ) it would , in fact , not have to be that strange to have a currency name of the same origin in countries as far away from each other as brazil and cambodia , as currency names do not seem to follow any "" national "" rules . cf . the name _ dollar _ ( in use in almost 60 countries ( comes originally from the german _ thaler _ , but has supposedly spread out under the influence of usd ) ) , and the many variations of the word "" crown "" ( icelandic kr / ona , danish krone , estonian kroon , czechish korun e . t . c ) , and _ dinar _ in various ( arabic ) countries . thanks , veturlidi oskarsson icelandic language institute reykjavmk , iceland e-mail : veturosk @ ismal . hi . is
",0
1329,"Subject: qs : gogo - speaker
 
 i ' m trying to work on the non-segmental phonology of gogo ( g11 ) for my phd . the little data i collected until now is far from giving a clear picture of tone / accent in nouns . hence my beg for help . is anyone of you a or does anyone of you know a native speaker of this language and is / who is willing to provide me with some additional data ? ralf grosserhode
",0
1330,"Subject: q : wordnet in spanish ?
 
 hello , does anybody know if there is something like wordnet for spanish ? pablo accuosto accuosto @ fing . edu . uy
",0
1331,"Subject: summary : elvis in latin
 
 content - length : 4142 on march 3 , 1995 , i posted a query regarding a cd of elvis presley songs in latin . i am now in receipt of the cd , which the record company , viihdesallap / stop records of jyva "" skyla "" , finland , was kind enough to send me simply in response to the query i posted on this list . before describing the cd , i would like to cite the following message i received from hannele dufva of the language centre for finnish universities of the university of jyva "" skyla "" : ) dear professor toops , ) the legend lives forever in latin is recorded by doctor ammondt alias ) associate professor jukka ammondt working at the dept . of literature , ) university of jyva "" skyla "" , finland . the cd is produced by stop records ) ( sr-103 ) ( tel : + 358-41 - 66771 ; fax : + 358-41 - 773 ) but i called jukka and he ) told me that a contract with k - tel international is being negotiated and ) that the record will probably be available on american market very soon . ) k - tel international finland ( fax . + 358 - 0-790653 ) will also probably ) answer any inquiries . the lyrics were , by the way , translated into latin ) by teivas oksala , the professor of the latin department , also famous for ) his broadcasts of news in latin . i heard that he is also going to attempt ) at trying his talents as sports commentator in latin ( ! ) at an ice hockey ) match . hope you will be able to get the cd ! please do n't hesitate to ) contact me for further information . ) hannele dufva ) language centre for finnish universities ) university of jyva "" skyla "" ) p . o . box 35 ) 40351 jyva "" skyla "" ) dufva @ tukki . jyu . fi ) fax : + 358-41 - 603521 having listened to the cd several times now , i am very favorably im - pressed both by the quality of the lyrics and by the quality of the instrumentation . most north american instructors of latin , i believe , will be pleased to learn that the pronunciation used by the vocalist , dr . ( jukka ) ammondt , is virtually identical to the reconstructed "" classic "" pronunciation taught in north american schools and not that of church latin . / c / and / g / are regularly pronounced as velars and are not palatalized or "" softened "" to - ch - and - dzh - before front vowels as they are in ( italian ) church latin . practically the only deviation from north american classroom pronunciation is the monoph - thongization of - ae - and - oe - , which ammondt pronounces as long / e : / ( or even / a "" / ) , rather than as / ai / and / oi / , resp . v - is regularly pronounced as a bilabial glide / w / , although at times it approaches a bilabial fricative in ammond 's pronounciation ; the same holds true of the glide element in - qu . ammondt occasionally produces a slightly retroflex-sounding / s / , but , in any case , it is never voiced to / z / even intervocalically . i was able to discern only one instance of finnish interference in ammondt 's pronunciation : in one song , one occurrence of the word "" dic "" is clearly mispronounced / tik / . the cd contains 7 tracks totaling 21 mins . 46 secs . : i . surrender / nunc aeternitatis ii . it 's now or never / nunc hic aut numquam iii . can't help falling in love / non adamare non possum iv . it 's impossible / impossibile v . wooden heart / cor ligneum vi . love me tender / tenere me ama vii . the wings of dream / alae somnii the last track ( vii . , above ) is sung mostly in strongly accented english . it might have been better to keep the lyrics all in latin . i was not provided with information of forms of payment the recording company in jyva "" skyla "" , finland , is able to accept . i would assume that a mere credit card number ( e . g . , visa , mastercard ) would suffice to purchase one of these cds , the price of which , according to the customs label on the envelope in which mine was mailed , is 90 finnish markka . again , to order cd # sr-103 , write , call , or fax : viihdesallap , ltd . / stop records p . o . box 252 sf-40101 jyva "" skyla "" finland ph : + 358 41-666 - 771 fx : + 358 41-666 - 773 gary h . toops toops @ twsuvm . uc . twsu . edu associate professor ph : ( 316 ) 689-3180 wichita state university fx : ( 316 ) 689-3293 wichita , kansas 67260-0011 usa
",0
1332,"Subject: 
 
 history of ling the magic of a common language : jakobson , mathesius , trubetzkoy , and the prague linguistic circle by jindrich toman current studies in linguistics series # 26 , the mit press $ 40 hardcover available from the mit press 800 . 356 . 0343 or < mitpress-orders @ mit . edu > social and cultural environment , historical factors , and tenets of the prague linguistics circle . available for discussion ling semiotics tobin , yishai . invariance , markedness and distinctive feature analysis . a contrastive study of sign systems in english and hebrew john benjamins xii , 402 pp . contrastive analysis hb : us : 1 55619 565 6 / eur : 90 272 3614 3 us $ 100 . 00 / hfl . 180 , - - this volume provides a new kind of contrastive analysis of two unrelated languages english and hebrew based on the semiotic concepts of invariance , markedness and distinctive feature theory . it concentrates on linguistic forms and constructions which are remarkably different in each language despite the fact that they share the same familiar classifications and labels . tobin demonstrates how and why traditional and modern syntactic categories such as grammatical number ; verb tense , aspect , mood and voice ; conditionals and interrogatives ; etc . , are not equivalent across languages . it is argued that these so-called universal concepts function differently in each language system because they belong to distinct language-specific semantic domains which are marked by different sets of semantic features . current issues in linguistic theory , iii socioling lippi-green , rosina ( university of michigan , ann arbor ) . language ideology and language change in early modern german . a sociolinguistic study of the consonantal system of nuremberg john benjamins xiv , 150 pp . sociolinguistics hb : us : 1 55619 573 7 / eur : 90 272 3622 4 us $ 48 . 00 / hfl . 85 , - - this quantitative study , based on a computerized corpus of texts written by five men in early 16th - century nuremberg , employs multivariate glm statistical procedures to analyze the way linguistic , social and stylistic factors work individually and in interaction to influence variation observed in the texts . the study provides evidence that consonantal variation in early modern written texts is not random . of particular importance is the quantification of an individual 's relationship to an emerging ideology of language standardization , and the way that relationship interacts with written language variation . current issues in linguistic theory , 119 .
",0
1333,"Subject: obituary : jochem schindler
 
 this is to inform you of the untimely death of jochem schindler , prof . of indoeuropean linguistics at vienna univ . from 1987 , prof . of linguistics at harvard univ . from 1978 till 1987 , who passed away on dec . 24th 1994 . ursula doleschal & sergej krylov institut f . slawische sprachen wirtschaftsuniv . wien augasse 9 , 1090 wien tel . : + + 43 - 1-31336 4115 fax : + + 43 - 1-31336 744
",0
1334,"Subject: sum : singapore english
 
 content - length : 4261 a couple of weeks ago , i asked the following question : ) many people would not regard s ' pore english as a "" native "" english . ) however , there are many speakers here who grew up speaking ) english , ) ie acquiring english as their first language ; though certainly it may be a ) somewhat different variety from the english spoken in britain or ) america . ) in this respect , what is the currently accepted way of classifying ) singapore english ? in particular , is it possible to say that it is not a ) native language given that some people have it as their first ) language ? three respondants believed that singapore english should be regarded as "" native "" if it is the first language learned ; while three others suggested "" native "" has other connotations or suggested other terms for the english of singapore . thus anthea fraser gupta said : i strongly feel that the term "" native language "" should be used to refer to the language ( s ) an individual first learns , and that any other definition , based on race , on ancestral language use , or geographical origin , is untenable . debbie ziegeler agreed with this view : most people i believe would classify a first language as a native language ( = mother tongue ) , and i think this is what anthea gupta had in mind when she said that english in singapore now has native speakers , and that approximately 20 % of singapore 's incoming schoolchildren have english as a native language and ms . faridah hudson said : i believe that any language that is learned by a child as its first language should be considered as the native language . granted that singapore english is not as well studied as british or american english , it is still a form of english . on the other hand , wen - chao li claims suggests that "" native "" does not just refer to the linguistic experience of the individual : i think the word "" native "" here refers not to whether or not people speak the variety as a native language , but is just a convenient label used to distinguish the english of britain and the us , where the language originated ( "" native "" in this sense ) , from the english of places like singapore , india , and many countries in africa , where although english is widely spoken as a native language , it is a language that had transplanted another in the last 200 years , a language that was introduced rather than one that 's been culturally and historically "" native "" . mario cal varela suggested the use of the term "" localized forms of english "" for new varieties such as that of singapore : the expression "" localized forms of english "" is often used . . . to refer to varieties of english that have developed peculiar characteristics ( nativized features ) because of being used in cultural settings different from the so-called native englishes . and rodrik wade prefers "" new englishes "" : a term that was popularised , if not introduced by platt , weber and ho ( 1984 ) for se and other similar varieties of english is ' new englishes ' . i have used this term when writing about south african black english although as yet this variety has few l1 speakers . i would like to thank all these respondants , as well as alan firth and benny lee for their useful references and umberto for his questions about the pronunciation involved . special thanks to my mentor david deterding for introducing me to the list and for helping me out with this summary . kia - sheng chew national technological university singapore 91a26936217f @ nievax . nie . ac . sg
",0
1335,"Subject: humanities computing position at ceth
 
 the center for electronic texts in the humanities ( ceth ) is seeking a humanities computing specialist . please see the position description below . susan hockey director , center for electronic texts in the humanities humanities computing specialist center for electronic texts in the humanities responsibilities : develops and maintains information services for center , including world wide web server , newsletter , and planned series of guides to electronic text resources and applications . provides research support for humanities computing and electronic texts on a national basis . gives presentations and seminars on electronic texts in the humanities . coordinates electronic text center at rutgers university including supervision of student assistants . assists participants at ceth summer seminar . qualifications : strong background in the humanities with phd preferred . experience with computer applications in humanities research required , with at least two years preferred . reading knowledge of some foreign languages preferred . knowledge of tei sgml and experience with internet , pcs ( dos and windows ) , macintosh and unix preferred . good oral and written communication skills required . salary : negotiable , dependent upon experience and qualifications , for a grant funded appointment equivalent to assistant professor rank ; possibility of renewal . status / benefits : faculty status , non-tenure track , calendar year appointment , tiaa / cref pension , life / health insurance , prescription drug , dental and eyeglass plans , tuition remission , one month vacation . center profile : the center for electronic texts in the humanities ( ceth ) is sponsored jointly by rutgers , the state university of new jersey and princeton university . the center 's administrative headquarters are located in the archibald stevens alexander library , the main humanities and social sciences research library of rutgers on the college avenue campus in new brunswick , new jersey . ceth acts as a national focus for the creation , dissemination and use of electronic texts in the humanities with emphasis on scholarly applications and primary source materials . ceth 's activities include an inventory of electronic texts in the humanities , research into methods of providing internet access to collections of sgml - encoded material in the humanities , an international summer seminar on methods and tools for electronic texts in the humanities and general information services for humanities computing . ceth is also developing associated projects in partnership with other institutions and research groups . a consortium of member institutions is planned to start in july 1995 . ceth is supported in part by the national endowment for the humanities and the andrew w . mellon foundation . to apply : resumes received no later than april 10 , 1995 will receive first consideration . submit resume , cover letter , and names of three referees to : sandra troy ( app . 112 ) libraries personnel officer rutgers university libraries 169 college avenue new brunswick , nj 08903 fax # 908-932 - 7637 rutgers , the state university of new jersey upholds a commitment to affirmative action and equal opportunity .
",0
1336,"Subject: position available
 
 positions available for computational linguists at least one position is available for computational linguists on a machine translation project . the positions will be located either at simon fraser university in vancouver , british columbia or at tcc communications corporation in victoria , british columbia . in either case , the positions will involve close interaction between the natural language laboratory at sfu and tcc . tenure is for 1 year and is renewable subject to funding . salary is commensurate with experience . closing date for receipt of applications is april 18 , 1995 applicants are sought with the following skills : * knowledge of parsing and / or generation theory * experience with machine translation technology * experience with unification-based grammar formalisms * at least a masters degree in linguistics or computing science is required * native knowledge of spanish an asset inquiries can be made to : paul mcfetridge mcfet @ cs . sfu . ca applications with names and contact addresses of at least three people for letters of reference should be sent to : mr . john grayson tcc communications corporation box 2400 , sidney , british columbia , canada v8l 3y3 phone : 604-655 - 2060 fax : 604-656 - 9942
",0
1337,"Subject: teaching job of french and german in korea
 
 french and french teacher in korea ; the language research center of chonnam national university is looking for one german and one french instructor . we require the teacher to hold ph . d . or ma in tesl / tefl , language acquisition , curriculum and materials development , bilingual education , call , or related fields , and preferably a native speaker of french and german who are fluent in english . we require the teachers to : 1 . teach 630 hours a year ( 3 hours a day , 15 hours a week ) 2 . carry out research and publish one evaluated paper a year 3 . develop teaching materials 4 . attend one / two teachers ' meeting and have one / two office hours each week 5 . participate program administration we provide the teachers with : 1 . housing on or off campus ( sometimes shared ) 2 . yearly payment of 15 , 600 , 000 won ( us $ 19 , 000 ) 3 . 24 , 000 won ( us $ 30 ) for one additional teaching hour over requirement 4 . health insurance for about 20 , 000 won ( us $ 25 ) per month 5 . travel allowance of 400 , 000 won ( us $ 500 ) on first arrival 6 . travel allowance for presenting papers at academic conventions 7 . under current korean national tax laws , teachers from some countries are not required to pay income tax for two years . 8 . assistant professorship and additional monthly payment of $ 125 to those who have doctoral degrees in language acquisition and two year teaching experience we require the following documents : 1 . curriculum vitae with a copy of recent picture 2 . a copy of diploma for m . a . degree in esl / efl 3 . two letters of recommendation applications are accepted on an on-going basis . contract may begin at any sessions and are usually signed for one year . please send or fax a detailed curriculum vitae , a copy of all diplomas , a copy of graduate transcripts and two letters of recommendation to : gyonggu shin , ph . d . , director language research center chonnam national university kwangju 500-757 , korea phone : 82-62 - 520-7920 fax : 82-62 - 526-5521 email : gshin @ rs6 . chonnam . ac . kr
",0
1338,"Subject: sum : reference
 
 here is the reference i posted a request for : shaywitz , shaywitz , pugh , et al . , "" sex differences in the functional organization of the brain for language , "" nature 373 ( feb . l6 , l995 ) , 607 - 9 . several people answered my request , with most complete information coming from laura l . koenig ( koenig @ lenny . haskins . yale . edu ) , and alice faber ( faber @ haskins . yale . edu > , who included an e-mail address for one of the authors , ken pugh ( pugh @ haskins . yale . edu ) . wayne cowart notes that ken pugh is the cognitive psychologist who actually designed the experiment . two people mentioned that the results should be taken with caution , and one said there is an editorial on doubtful aspects of the findings , in the same issue of nature . many thanx to all who answered . becky moreton
",0
1339,"Subject: - 0500 ( est )
 
 ( sstraigh @ bingsuns . cc . binghamton . edu ) on sun , 26 mar 1995 , the linguist list said : ) subject : 6 . 435 sum : whatever happened to had / ' d ? ) date : fri , 24 mar 1995 15 : 16 : 32 gmt + 1000 ) from : dziegele @ arts . cc . monash . edu . au ) subject : summary : whatever happened to 'd ? . . . ) many people found analogies with other modals that do not invert , e . g . ) claudia brugman mentions the difficulty of inverting ' she has to stop ' ) ) * ' has she to stop ? ' and gotta is equally impossible to invert . james ) kirchner also mentions otta as a similar case . tamara al - kasey compares ) the negative and the affirmative interrogatives : * ' had she better stop ? ' ) and ' had n't she better stop ? ' suggesting that the latter is more ) acceptable . for me , both of the interrogative forms are fine , though the latter is surely more frequent for discourse reasons . moreover , the parallel between better and otta strikes me as very great : 1 . we all { better / otta } stick to our knitting . 2 . had ( n't ) we all { b / o } stick to our knitting ? 3 . most of them { b / o } be leaving now to catch the bus . 4 . had ( n't ) most of them { b / o } be leaving now ? 5 . do ( n't ) you think our noisy friends { b / o } { shut up / be quiet } ? all of these examples cast doubt on the applicability of roger lass 's comments to my own usage : ) "" in my dialect anyhow ( new york city middle class ) , it 's certainly ) normal to say ( and sometimes , in less formal registers , to write ) , ) ) i better , you better , he better , we better , they better . . . ) ) observe though : all the pronouns end with a vowel , and there are ) alternative forms , e . g . i 'd better . . . though these are much less ) common . h . stephen straight , binghamton university ( suny )
",0
1340,"Subject: summer school courses in japanese
 
 content - length : 1083 i am an undergraduate major in linguistics and will be going to japan to teach english next fall . i would like to inquire about summer school courses in japanese that stress communicative competence at the beginning level , preferrably on the east coast . are there any , and what are the specifics ? thank you in advance . robert ball jball @ pomona . edu
",0
1341,"Subject: [ n + v ] verbal compounding
 
 content - length : 2725 we are two researchers at the universitat de girona ( sp ) and we are working on a kind of catalan verbal compounding . we sumarize the characteristics of these compounds here below . we are interested in other vo languales with the same ( or similar ) process of verb formation . moreover , we wonder if anybody knows references related , in some way , to our subject that could be helpful to us ( we already know rosen , s . t . ( 1989 ) , miller ( 1993 ) ) . [ n + v ] verbal compounding to be more clear we enumerate the relevant characteristics of our compounds . 1 . first of all , we must say that catalan is a vo language . 2 . our compounding looks like a process of noun incorporation where the incorporated noun within the lexical item is the internal argument in the syntactic structure . observe ( 1 ) ( 1 ) a . el cacador trenca la cama de l ' ocell "" the hunter breaks the leg of the bird "" b . el cacador camatrenca l ' ocell "" the hunter leg + breaks the bird "" 3 . nevertheless , the noun-incorporation does n't affect to the capacity of the verb of assigning acusative case , this is , the complex verb remains transitive . 4 . generally , this kind of "" noun-incorporation "" is only possible when the noun incorporated is an inalienable possession noun ( ipn ) and the new internal argument of the complex verb is the possessor . observe ( 2 ) and ( 3 ) : ( 2 ) a . corferir "" to heart + hurt "" b . colltorcer "" to neck + twist "" ( 3 ) a . * cadiratrencar "" to chair + break "" b . * ferrotorcer "" to iron + twist "" 5 . we hypothesise that the ipn acts as a kind of modifier in the complex verbal form and doestn ' t act as a verbal argument . olga fullana noell lluisa gracia pl . ferrater mora n . 1 universitat de girona e-17071 girona spain fullana @ skywalker . udg . es gracia @ skywalker . udg . es
",0
1342,"Subject: query : japanese dialects
 
 content - length : 1148 dear linguist list subscribers , i need information of any kind regarding ' innovative ' and ' conservative ' dialects and / or variations in japanese . unfortunately , i must ask that any data sent be in english ; i am fully aware of how much of a limitation this creates . thank you in advance for your cooperation and consideration . please reply directly to me at : ganelin @ netcom . com david ganelin
",0
1343,"Subject: aum shinri kyo
 
 content - length : 1513 what is aum ? the japanese police are currently investigating a religious sect called "" aum shinri kyo "" in relation to last week 's gas attack on the tokyo subway . aum shinri kyo has been translated as "" sublime truth "" in the press . with my limited knowledge of japanese , i know that shinri can be glossed as ' truth ' and kyo is a sino - japanese morpheme found at the end of the names of many if not most religions . aum , however , is a bit of a puzzler . japanese phonology only allows syllable-final [ m ] as an allophone of / n / before labial consonants , which is not the case here . does anyone know what this aum means , where it comes from , and if it is pronounced with a final [ m ] by speakers of japanese ? david p . baxter urbana , illinois dbaxter @ uxa . cso . uiuc . edu
",0
1344,"Subject: call for papers
 
 content - length : 2908 call for papers for the fourth international conference on the cognitive science of natural language processing dublin city university , 5 - 7 july 1995 subject areas : this is a non-exclusive list of subjects which fall within the scope of csnlp . it is intended as a guide only . * corpus - based nlp * connectionist nlp * statistical and knowledge-based mt * linguistic knowledge representation * cognitive linguistics * declarative approaches to nlp * nlg and nlu * dialogue and discourse * human language processing * text linguistics * evaluation of nlp * hybrid approaches to nlp submissions may deal with theoretical issues , applications , databases or other aspects of csnlp , but the importance of cognitive aspects should be borne in mind . papers should report original substantive research . theme : the role of syntax there is currently considerable debate regarding the place and importance of syntax in nlp . papers dealing with this matter will be given preference . invited speakers : the following speakers have agreed to give keynote talks : mark steedman , university of pennsylvania alison henry , university of ulster registration and accommodation : the registration fee will be ir # 60 , and will include proceedings , lunches and one evening meal . accommodation can be reserved in the campus residences at dcu . a single room is ir # 16 per night , with full irish breakfast an additional ir # 4 . accommodation will be "" first come , first served "" : there is a heavy demand for campus rooms in the summer . there are also several hotels and b&b establishments nearby : addresses will be provided on request . to register , contact alex monaghan at the addresses given below . payment in advance is possible but not obligatory . please state gender ( for accommodation purposes ) and any unusual dietary requirements . submission of abstracts : those wishing to present a paper at csnlp should submit a 400 - word abstract to arrive not later than 10 / 4 / 95 . abstracts should give the author 's full name and address , with email address if possible , and should be sent to : csnlp alex monaghan school of computer applications dublin city university dublin 9 ireland email submissions are preferred , plain ascii text please to : - - - - - - - - - alex @ compapp . dcu . ie ( internet ) completed papers should be around 8 pages long , although longer papers will be considered if requested . camera - ready copy must be submitted to arrive in dublin by 19 / 6 / 94 . no particular conference style will be imposed , but papers should be legible ( 12pt laser printed ) and well-structured . deadlines : 10th april - - - submission of 400 - word abstract 1st may - - - notification of acceptance 19th june - - - deadline for receipt of camera-ready paper ( c . 8 pages ) 26th june - - - final date for registration , accommodation , meals etc .
",0
1345,"Subject: conf : melbourne university postgraduate conference
 
 the university of melbourne department linguistics will be holding its 4th annual postgraduate conference on the 30th of may . abstracts are now being called for , and will be accepted until the 18th of april ; these may be e-mailed to : nsn @ speech . language . unimelb . edu . au ; snail-mailed to : dept . of linguistics , university of melbourne , parkville 3052 , victoria , australia ; faxed to : ( + 61 3 ) 344 7305 . - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * nick nicholas , linguistics , university of melbourne , australia * nsn @ speech . language . unimelb . edu . au & nick _ nicholas @ muwayf . unimelb . edu . au * ( http : / / adhocalypse . arts . unimelb . edu . au / dept / linguistics / nsn / nick . html ) * "" eschewing obfuscatory verbosity of locutional rendering , the * circumscriptional appelations are excised . "" - - - w . mann & s . thompson , * _ rhetorical structure theory : a theory of text organisation _ , 1987 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
1346,"Subject: formal grammar
 
 last call for papers formal grammar barcelona august 12-13 , 1995 in conjunction with the european summer school in logic , language and information in 1995 the seventh european summer school in logic , language and information is to be held in barcelona . as on previous occasions this meeting will serve as a forum for areas including computational linguistics , formal linguistics , and the role of logic in grammar formalisms . this year the programme includes a conference on formal grammar open to all participants to present contemporary research in this domain . themes of interest include formal and computational phonology , syntax , semantics and pragmatics ; logical methods in linguistics ; and foundational , methodological and architectural issues in grammar . ten copies of anonymous abstracts of not more than 800 words ( on one two-sided sheet ) should be sent to the address below to arrive not later than april 21st , 1995 . please provide a separate sheet detailing title , author ( s ) and institution ( s ) , and address , e-mail , telephone and fax of one author for communication purposes . indicate on both the abstract and the identification sheet whether you require 20 minutes or 40 minutes for presentation . notification of acceptance will be by may 22nd . final versions of papers are to be received by 7th july for inclusion in a proceedings to be distributed at the time of the summer school . address for correspondence : committee of the esslli conference on formal grammar c / o glyn morrill departament de llenguatges i sistemes informatics facultat d ' informatica de barcelona universitat politecnica de catalunya pau gargallo , 5 08028 barcelona e-mail : morrill @ lsi . upc . es programme committee : elisabet engdahl , ewan klein , glyn morrill , dick oehrle , fernando pereira , carl pollard , richard sproat , susan steele , rich thomason , annie zaenen . for information about the european summer school in logic , language and information ( 14th - 25th august ) contact : esslli95 , gilcub , avda . vallvidrera 25 , 08017 barcelona ; fax + 43 3 2054656 ; e-mail : esslli95 @ gilcub . es * * * * * * * * * * cut here for latex version below * * * * * * * * * * \ documentstyle [ 11pt ] { article } \ pagestyle { empty } \ setlength { \ textwidth } { 6 . 5in } \ setlength { \ oddsidemargin } { 0 . 0in } \ begin { document } \ begin { center } \ rule { 1in } { . 01in } please post \ rule { 1in } { . 01in } \ \ \ medskip { \ large last call for papers } \ \ \ bigskip { \ large \ bf formal grammar } \ \ \ medskip barcelona \ \ august 12-13 , 1995 \ \ in conjunction with the \ \ { \ bf european summer school in logic , language and information } \ end { center } \ medskip \ noindent in 1995 the seventh european summer school in logic , language and information is to be held in barcelona . as on previous occasions this meeting will serve as a forum for areas including computational linguistics , formal linguistics , and the role of logic in grammar formalisms . this year the programme includes a conference on formal grammar open to all participants to present contemporary research in this domain . themes of interest include formal and computational phonology , syntax , semantics and pragmatics ; logical methods in linguistics ; and foundational , methodological and architectural issues in grammar . ten copies of anonymous abstracts of not more than 800 words ( on one two-sided sheet ) should be sent to the address below to arrive not later than april 21st , 1995 . please provide a separate sheet detailing title , author ( s ) and institution ( s ) , and address , e-mail , telephone and fax of one author for communication purposes . indicate on both the abstract and the identification sheet whether you require 20 minutes or 40 minutes for presentation . notification of acceptance will be by may 22nd . final versions of papers are to be received by 7th july for inclusion in a proceedings to be distributed at the time of the summer school . \ medskip \ noindent address for correspondence : \ medskip \ begin { tabular } { l } committee of the esslli conference on formal grammar \ \ c / o glyn morrill \ \ departament de llenguatges i sistemes inform \ ` { a } tics \ \ facultat d ' inform \ ` { a } tica de barcelona \ \ universitat polit \ ` { e } cnica de catalunya \ \ pau gargallo , 5 \ \ 08028 barcelona \ bigskip \ \ e-mail : { \ sf morrill @ lsi . upc . es } \ end { tabular } \ medskip \ noindent programme committee : elisabet engdahl , ewan klein , glyn morrill , dick oehrle , fernando pereira , carl pollard , richard sproat , susan steele , rich thomason , annie zaenen . \ medskip \ noindent for information about the european summer school in logic , language and information ( 14th - 25th august ) contact : esslli95 , gilcub , avda . vallvidrera 25 , 08017 barcelona ; fax + 43 3 2054656 ; e-mail : { \ sf esslli95 @ gilcub . es } \ end { document }
",0
1347,"Subject: looking for hans - heinrich waengler
 
 dear linguist members , i am interested in comparable x - ray pictures of german and english articulation . ingolf franke zeughausstrasse 31 d-54292 trier germany e-mail : fran2801 @ pcmail . uni-trier . de
",0
1348,"Subject: re : big vs . large , et al
 
 i would appreciate any thoughts on any differences in meaning between big and large as well as small and little . i am attempting a monosemic approach ( at the insistance of the professor ) which maintains that each word must have one meaning . we tell esl students that they mean the same thing , yet we constantly correct their choices because they do n't use the right one . how can we tell them to use the right one if we can't tell them what the right one is ? any answers or thoughts on the subject would be appreciated . my email address is browndeb @ aol . com , or if you think anyone else would be interested , the multiple recipients address [ linguist @ tamvm1 . tamu . edu ] is good . thanks in advance . deborah brownstein
",0
1349,"Subject: request for discourse list
 
 dear linguists i 'd like to know if there are any listservs on discourse anlysis text linguistics and pragmatics . thanks gul durmusoglu
",0
1350,"Subject: discourse colloquium , final program
 
 final announcement of colloquium : discourse : linguistic , computational , and philosophical perspectives session one : friday , march 24 , 1995 , 2pm-4pm "" patterns of natural discourse "" speaker - wallace chafe , university of california , santa barbara , linguistics . discussants - scott soames , princeton university , philosophy . - lauren resnick , university of pittsburgh , learning research and development center . session chair - sarah grey thomason , university of pittsburgh , linguistics . session two : friday , march 24 , 4 : 30 - 6 : 30pm "" the need for plans in natural discourse "" speaker - johanna moore , university of pittsburgh , computer science . discussants - daniel everett , university of pittsburgh , linguistics . - julia hirschberg , at&t bell laboratories , computer science . session chair - martha pollack , university of pittsburgh , computer science . * * * * * * * * * * saturday , march 25 , 9-10am - continental breakfast session three : saturday , march 25 , 10am-noon "" intonation and information in spoken discourse "" speaker - mark steedman , university of pennsylvania , computer science . discussants - ellen prince , university of pennsylvania , linguistics . - nicholas asher , university of texas , philosophy . session chair - gerald massey , university of pittsburgh , center for philosophy of science . session four : saturday , march 25 , 2-4pm "" the cognitive bases of functional interaction in discourse "" speaker - russell tomlin , university of oregon , linguistics . discussants - candy sidner , lotus development corporation , computer science . - clark glymour , carnegie mellon university , philosophy . session chair - john haugeland , university of pittsburgh , philosophy . session five : saturday , march 25 , 4 : 30 - 6 : 30pm "" the structure of discourse "" speaker - jerry r . hobbs , sri , computer science discussants - michael rochemont , university of british columbia , linguistics . - peter machamer , university of pittsburgh , history & philosophy of science . session chair - kurt van lehn , university of pittsburgh , psychology . banquet : saturday , march 25 8pm - 9 : 30pm . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * sunday , march 26 , 9-10am - continental breakfast session six : sunday , march 25 , 10am - noon "" where lexical semantics and discourse semantics meet "" speaker - hans kamp , university of stuttgart , philosophy . discussants - bob carpenter , carnegie mellon university , computational linguistics . - megan moser , university of pittsburgh , linguistics . session chair - wilfried sieg , carnegie mellon university , philosophy . session seven : sunday , march 25 , 1 : 30 - 3 : 30pm "" anaphoric destressing and ellipsis "" speaker - edwin williams , princeton university , linguistics . discussants - robert brandom , university of pittsburgh , philosophy . - barbara dieugenio , carnegie mellon university , computational linguistics . session chair - nuel belnap , university of pittsburgh , philosophy . organizers : daniel everett and sarah grey thomason * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * there are no registration fees for this conference . to receive hotel information , maps , etc . please write to dan everett ( dever @ isp . pitt . edu ) or send a letter to university of pittsburgh , center for philosophy of science , 817 cathedral of learning , pittsburgh , pa 15260 . there will be a $ 20 . 00 charge to those wishing to attend the banquet on saturday night ( $ 10 . 00 for students ) .
",0
1351,"Subject: isfc95 computational section
 
 announcement - - - - - - - - - - - - computational section / workshop at the 22nd international systemic - functional congress beijing , china 18-22 july 1995 the involvement of systemic functional linguistics in computational applications has grown to a point at which it would be beneficiary to take stock of the various ongoing activities . there are a number of interesting problems that arise if one uses systemic functional theory for natural language processing ( nlp ) . the goal of the section is to give researchers using systemic functional theory ( or aspects of it ) for nlp applications a chance to talk about issues of common interest , introduce their approaches to particular problems and ( perhaps ) work out solutions together . the idea is to organize the section as a mixture of talks and extensive discussions . if it turns out that there are some really burning issues , it is also possible to have workshops tailored to particular topics . if you are interested in participating - please fill in the attached form and e-mail it back to me ( teich @ darmstadt . gmd . de ) . - if you want to give a talk or introduce a topic for discussion or for a workshop , please e-mail an abstract of about 1 - 2 pages to me ( teich @ darmstadt . gmd . de ) . the abstract should include a title , your name and affiliation , a list of references and an indication of what it is intended as ( talk , topic for discussion or workshop ) . please send the abstract also , if you have already sent an abstract to the general call for papers of isfc95 . also , if you can think of anybody else who would be interested in participating , please forward this mail to them . the deadline for submissions and suggestions is the 15th of february 1995 . for general information about the conference please send mail to : egterenc @ hkpcc . hkp . hk - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - name : affiliation : address ( inlcuding e-mail ) : topics i work on : topics i would like to discuss : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
1352,"Subject: semantics and ling . theory 5 - program
 
 preliminary program : semantics and linguistic theory 5 ( salt 5 ) university of texas at austin , february 24 - 26 , 1995 flawn academic center , 4th floor conference fees : $ 35 , $ 25 for students . please make checks payable to the university of texas at austin . rooms have been reserved in the driskill hotel in downtown austin , phone ( 512 ) 474-5911 . please mention that you take part in the salt conference in order to get the special rate of $ 65 single , $ 75 double room . in case you are looking for someone to share a double room , please send us an e-mail with your name and address before january 15 ; we will then send you the list of persons that are looking for a room mate as well . further information : dept . of linguistics university of texas at austin austin , tx 78712-1196 ligk417 @ utxvms . cc . utexas . edu nasher @ bertie . la . utexas . edu ( please note that we will check e-mail only sporadically between december 24 and january 16 . ) ( names of invited speakers appear in capitals ) thursday , february 23 : 8-11 registration and get - together in the driskill hotel friday , february 24 : 8 - 9 registration 9-10 ray jackendoff , brandeis university : "" the conceptual structure of intending and volitional action "" 10-10 . 40 jost zwarts , utrecht university : "" the semantics of relative position "" 10 . 40-11 break 11-11 . 40 alex lascarides , university of edinburgh , ann copestake , stanford university : "" the pragmatics of word meaning "" 11 . 40-12 . 20 anatoli strigin , max planck group "" structural grammar "" , berlin : "" abductive inference during update : the german preposition ' with ' "" 12 . 20 - 1 . 30 lunch 1 . 30 - 2 . 10 claudia maienborn , humboldt university , berlin : "" towards a compositional semantics for locative modifiers "" 2 . 10 - 2 . 50 giulia centineo , ucsc / ucb : "" the distribution of the clitic 's i ' in italian transitive / inchoative pairs "" 2 . 50 - 3 . 10 break 3 . 10 - 3 . 50 robin schafer , ucsc / ucsd : "" the slp / ilp distinction in ' have ' predication "" 3 . 50 - 4 . 30 chris barker , university of rochester : "" episodic ' - ee ' in english "" 4 . 30 - 4 . 50 break 4 . 50 - 5 . 30 friederike moltmann , cuny : "" deriving readings of part structure modifiers "" 5 . 30 - 6 . 30 arnim von stechow , university of tuebingen : "" the proper representation of tense "" saturday , february 25 : 9-10 stanley peters , stanford university : tba 10-10 . 40 satoshi tomioka , university of massachusetts at amherst : "" focus restricts scope : quantifier in vp ellipsis "" 10 . 40-11 break 11-11 . 40 jan lerner , manfred pinkal , university of saarbruecken : "" comparative ellipsis and variable binding "" 11 . 40-12 . 20 toshiyuki ogihara , university of washington , seattle : "" non - factual ' before ' and adverbs of quantification "" 12 . 20 - 1 . 30 lunch 1 . 30 - 2 . 10 jeroen groenendijk , university of amsterdam : "" definite descriptions in update semantics "" 2 . 10 - 2 . 50 reinhard blutner , max planck group "" structural grammar "" , berlin : "" ' normality ' in update semantics "" 2 . 50 - 3 . 10 break 3 . 10 - 3 . 50 yoad winter , ots , utrecht : "" syncategorematic conjunction and structured meanings "" 3 . 50 - 4 . 30 daniel buering , university of cologne : "" the great scope inversion conspiracy "" 4 . 30 - 5 . 00 business meeting 5 . 30 excursion to the salt lick restaurant , hays county ( texas bbq ) sunday , february 26 : 9-10 veneeta dayal , rutgers university : "" licensing ' any ' in non - modal / non - negative contexts "" 10-10 . 40 eric jackson , university of groningen : "" negative polarity and general statements "" 10 . 40-11 break 11-11 . 40 maria uribe - echevarria , uci : "" negative polarity licensing , indefinites , and complex preciates "" 11 . 40-12 . 20 utpal lahiri , uci : "" on negative polarity items in hindi "" alternates : anastasia giannakidou , university of groningen : "" subjunctive , habituality , and the licensing of polarity items "" polly jacobson , brown university : "" on apparent exceptions to weak crossover in a variable - free semantics "" ( one other alternate paper )
",0
1353,"Subject: affirmative 'd o '
 
 i am working on a construction in a cape town dialect that involves the use of unstressed 'd o ' in affirmative contexts : e . g . ' i did go to the hall yesterday ' . no contrastive pre-supposition is intended ; speakers appear to be simply highlighting a 's alient ' activity ( there are present tense parallels too ) . although this is traditionally believed to be a ' contact ' feature of cape town english , it sounds to me rather like a relic from early modern standard english , reinforced by natural ( second language ) acquisition . the form does occur ( though possibly with different pragmatics ) in child language acquisition ( i have sporadic & unsystematic examples from britain ) ; but is soon weeded out of the grammar . question : does anyone know of any dialect ( any l1 or l2 form of english ; child language , early interlanguage etc . ) that has something similar ? ( i am familiar with early modern standard and earlier forms of 'd o ' ; with affirmative 'd o ' in ireland and the south - west of england - the pragmatics there are different , incidentally : ' habitual ' is not a function associated with the cape town dialect . ) thanks : raj mesthrie dept of linguistics university of cape town raj @ beattie . uct . ac . za
",0
1354,"Subject: reduplicative constructions and polarity
 
 moravscik ( in greenberg 's language universals ) notes that reduplicative constructions that do not fulfill a purely grammatical function usually intensifies the base morpheme . sometimes , though , it may actually have the exact opposite function : it de-intensifies the base morpheme . i am interested in the connection between this process and the process by which the literal message of a sarcastic utterance assumes the exact opposite meaning by means of a conceptually similar feature : exaggeration ( of , say , amplitude , duration , pitch , or clarity ) . does anyone know of any further research on this particular phenomenon ? any speculations ? perhaps there is an intimate connection here with the polarity-based cognitive mapping givon ( in negation in language : pragmatics , function , ontology ) proposed ? sincerely , anders lars anders joensson macalester college email : ljonsson @ macalstr . edu
",0
1355,"Subject: re : 6 . 39 have ) of
 
 it seems to me that the use of have + simple past is rapidly increasing in the u . s . it 's showing up now in newspapers and on television , and , perhaps most tellingly , in the speech of acquaintances who i am sure did not have it a few years ago . my first thought was that this had something to do with the have ) of reanalysis , but i have now heard too many instances of emphatic "" have "" to believe this . examples such as "" even if he had went earlier , . . . "" abound . i find these examples easy to spot because i still wince whenever i hear one .
",0
1356,"Subject: c - insertion
 
 can anyone guide me to material documenting insertion of consonsants to break up impermissible vowel clusters , in which the choice of consonant is not conditioned by the nature of its surrounding vowels ? i ' m thinking , for example , of glides between non-high vowels , or relicts of consonants that were once there historically , but are no longer considered underlyingly present in the basic form of the word . thanks for any help . james kirchner
",0
1357,"Subject: markedness - - bibliography
 
 dear list , a couple of months ago i posted a request concerning bibliography on markedness . now , after i have written my paper , i can present a list of referenses on markedness for those who are interested in it . bibliography bardovi - harlig , k . ( 1987 ) . markedness and salience in second-language acquisition . language learning , 37 ( 3 ) , 385-407 . battistella , e . l . ( 1990 ) . markedness : the evaluative superstructure of language . albany : state university of new york press . benson , b . ( 1986 ) . the markedness differential hypothesis : implications for vietnamese speakers of english . in f . r . eckman , e . a . moravcsik & j . r . wirth ( eds . ) , markedness ( pp . 271-289 ) . new york : plenum press . birdsong , d . ( 1989 ) . metalinguistic performance and interlinguistic competence . berlin : springer - verlag . broselow , e . ( 1988 ) . second language acquisition . in j . newmeyer ( ed . ) , linguistics : the cambridge survey . vol . iii . language : psychological and biological aspects . ( pp . 194-209 ) . cambridge : cambridge university press . cook , v . j . ( 1988 ) . chomsky 's universal grammar : an introduction . oxford , uk : basil blackwell . croft , w . ( 1990 ) . typology and universals . cambridge : cambridge university press . eckman , f . ( 1977 ) . markedness and the contrastive analysis hypothesis . language learning , 27 ( 2 ) , 315-330 . eckman , f . ( 1985 ) . the markedness differential hypothesis : theory and applications . in wheatley , b . , hastings , a . , eckman , f . r . , bell , l . , krukar , g . & r . rutkovski ( eds . ) , current approaches to second language acquisition . proceedings of the 1984 university of wisconsin - milwaukee linguistic symposium ( pp . 3-21 ) . bloomington , indiana : indiana university linguistic club . eckman , f . ( 1988 ) . typological and parametric views on universals in second language acquisition . in s . flynn & o'neil , w . ( eds . ) , linguistic theory in second language acquisition , ( pp . 417-429 ) . dordrecht : kluwer academic publishers . eckman , f . , bell , l . & nelson , d . ( 1988 ) . on the generalization of relative clause instruction in the acquisition of english as a second language . applied linguistics , 9 ( 1 ) , 1-20 . ellis , r . ( 1994 ) . the study of second language acquisition . oxford : oxford university press . eubank , l . ( 1991 ) . introduction : universal grammar in the second language . in l . eubank ( ed . ) , point counterpoint : universal grammar in the second language , ( pp . 1-48 ) . amsterdam : john benjamins publishing company . flynn , s . and o'neil , w . ( 1988 ) . introduction . in s . flynn & o'neil , w . ( eds . ) , linguistic theory in second language acquisition ( pp . 1-24 ) . dordrecht : kluwer academic publishers . gair , j . w . ( 1988 ) . kinds of markedness . in s . flynn & o'neil , w . ( eds . ) , linguistic theory in second language acquisition ( pp . 225-250 ) . dordrecht : kluwer academic publishers . gass , s . ( 1982 ) . from theory to practice . in hines , m . & rutherford , w . ( eds . ) , on tesol ' 81 ( pp . 129-139 ) . washington , dc . : teachers of english to speakers of other languages . greenberg , j . h . ( 1966 ) . language universals : with special reference to feature hierarchies . the hague : mouton . haegmann , l . ( 1991 ) . introduction to government and binding theory . oxford , uk : basil blackwell . jakobson , r . and waugh , l . r . ( 1987 ) . the sound shape of language . berlin : mouton de gruyter . liceras , j . m . ( 1985 ) . the role of intake in the determination of learners ' competence . in s . gass and c . madden ( eds . ) , input in second language acquisition . rowley , ma : newbury house . liceras , j . m . ( 1988a ) . syntax and stylistics : more on the pro-drop parameter . in j . pankhurst , m . sharwood smith & p . v . buren ( eds . ) , learnability and second languages : a book of readings ( pp . 71-93 ) . dordrecht : foris publications . liceras , j . m . ( 1988b ) . l2 learnability : delimiting the domain of core grammar as distinct from the marked periphery . in s . flynn & o'neil , w . ( eds . ) , linguistic theory in second language acquisition , ( pp . 199-224 ) . dordrecht : kluwer academic publishers . mazurkewich , i . ( 1984 ) . the acquisition of the dative alteration by second language learners and linguistic theory . language learning , 34 , 91-109 . mazurkewich , i . ( 1988 ) . the acquisition of infinitive and gerund complements by second language learners . in s . flynn & o'neil , w . ( eds . ) , linguistic theory in second language acquisition , ( pp . 127-143 ) . dordrecht : kluwer academic publishers . moravcsik , e . & wirth , j . ( 1986 ) . markedness - an overview . in f . r . eckman , e . a . moravcsik & j . r . wirth ( eds . ) , markedness ( pp . 1-11 ) . new york : plenum press . myers - scotton , c . ( 1993 ) . social motivations for code-switching : evidence from africa . oxford : clarendon press . phinney , m . ( 1987 ) . the pro-drop parameter in second language acquisition . in t . roeper & e . williams ( eds . ) , parameter setting ( pp . 221-238 ) . dordrecht : d . reidel publishing company . rutherford , w . e . ( 1982 ) . markedness in second language acquisition . language learning , 32 ( 1 ) , 85-108 . rutherford , w . e . ( 1988 ) . grammatical theory and l2 acquisition : a brief overview . in s . flynn & o'neil , w . ( eds . ) , linguistic theory in second language acquisition , ( pp . 404-416 ) . dordrecht : kluwer academic publishers . safir , k . ( 1987 ) . comments on wexler and manzini . in t . roeper & e . williams ( eds . ) , parameter setting ( pp . 77-89 ) . dordrecht : d . reidel publishing company . trubetzkoy , n . s . ( 1975 ) . letters and notes ( pp . 162-163 ) . the hague : mouton . wexler , k . & manzini , m . r . ( 1987 ) . parameters and learnability in binding theory . in t . roeper & e . williams ( eds . ) , parameter setting ( pp . 41 - 76 ) . dordrecht : d . reidel publishing company . white , l . ( 1986 ) . markedness and parameter setting : some implications for a theory of adult second language acquisition . in f . r . eckman , e . a . moravcsik & j . r . wirth ( eds . ) , markedness ( pp . 309-327 ) . new york : plenum press . white , l . ( 1987 ) . a note on phinney . in t . roeper & e . williams ( eds . ) , parameter setting ( pp . 239-246 ) . dordrecht : d . reidel publishing company . white , l . ( 1988a ) . universal grammar and language transfer . in j . pankhurst , m . sharwood smith & p . v . buren ( eds . ) , learnability and second languages : a book of readings ( pp . 36 - 60 ) . dordrecht : foris publications . white , l . ( 1988b ) . island effects in second language acquisition . in s . flynn & o'neil , w . ( eds . ) , linguistic theory in second language acquisition , ( pp . 144-172 ) . dordrecht : kluwer academic publishers . white , l . ( 1989 ) . universal grammar and second language acquisition . amsterdam / philadelphia : john benjamins publishing company . white , l . ( 1992 ) . universal grammar : is it just a new name for old problems ? in s . gass & l . selinker ( eds . ) , language transfer in language learning ( 217-232 ) . amsterdam / philadelphia : john benjamins publishing company . wolfe quintero , k . ( 1992 ) . learnability and the acquisition of extraction in relative clauses and wh-questions . ssla , 14 , 39-70 . zobl , h . ( 1983 ) . markedness and the projection problem . language learning , 33 ( 3 ) , 293-313 . zobl , h . ( 1988 ) . configurationality and the subset principle : the acquisition of v1 by japanese learners of english . in j . pankhurst , m . sharwood smith & p . v . buren ( eds . ) , learnability and second languages : a book of readings ( pp . 116-131 ) . dordrecht : foris publications . zobl , h . ( 1994 ) . markedness aspects of case-marking in l1 french - l2 english interlanguage . unpublished manuscript . i also would like to express my gratitude to all my correspondents . many thanks to linguist @ tamsun . tamu . edu jane edwards ( edwards @ cogsci . berkeley . edu ) mihoko kubota kubota @ stc . ipa . go . jp eva mendieta - lombardo emendiet @ iunhaw1 . iun . indiana . edu natasha artemeva ( nartemev @ ccs . carleton . ca )
",0
1358,"Subject: 200
 
 summary on reduplication a month before christmas ( in linguist vol-5 - 1354 ) i sent out a query about * reduplication * and how this strategy is grammaticalized in languages to convey some facet of * intensification * . this is a summary based on the 45 replies i received from linguist netters . allow me to thank you all collectively now , since i will not be referring to single respondents in the following discussion . the topic of reduplication interests me because i am writing on my phd on repetition with respect to intensification and iconicity in swedish . the point of departure in the original query were the claims found in lakoff & johnson ( metaphors we live by ; 1980 ) according to which reduplication may indicate : - plural or collective - intensification or increase - continuation or completion - diminution thus , ' more ' of physical linguistic ' form ' corresponds to ' more ' in the ' content ' of the reduplicated expression as opposed to a non-reduplicated form - - as an instance of diagrammatic iconicity ( or as a realization of the * conduit * metaphor in the terms of lakoff & johnson ) . there are reflections of the outlined principles in colloquial english in expressions like ' an old old man ' , ' the music got louder and louder ' , 's he talks talks talks ' , ' the ball bounced and bounced ' , ' there 's forms forms forms forms ' , ' it was sinking down down ' , etc . i originally mentioned , however , that these structures were * marked * in a language like english . the choice of words was perhaps not so lucky . what i meant by "" marked "" is that even if we may think that such expressions are frequent in casual speech , they are rare in more constrained contexts . a less marked way of intensifying would probably be to use a specific intensifier or quantifier , e . g . ' a very old man ' , ' talks a lot ' . i hope no one will be offended by this simplistic analysis , it is only leading us a bit beside the point . ( for a comprehensive account on "" repetition in english "" , see persson 1974 , univ . of uppsala , sw . ) i was in my query more after pointers to and examples of languages where reduplication as a means of * intensification * is an integrated , so to speak , a standard characteristic of the grammar . this was also , more or less , what i got . i will summarize the outcome in the following ; i am aware of that in most instances the "" facts "" are probably subject to qualification , but for the sake of clarity & brevity i will lay the examples ahead in a rather list-like manner . furthermore , the examples certainly represent only a sample of the languages in the world that have incorporated reduplication in their system . note that i have left out - - in order to make it all more illustrative - - possible tone marks and diacritics of the transliteration . 1 . plural or collective * in malay / bahasa ( indonesia ) , full word reduplication turns singular to plural : anak ' child ' anak-anak ' children ' * in nahuatl ( or "" aztec "" ) , prefixed reduplication with nouns conveys a plural meaning : cih-tli ' hare ' ( where ' cih - ' is the stem ) ci : cih-tli pl . - - moreover , there are no structurally distinct adjectives in nahuatl but certain "" adjectival "" suffixes that can take on a plural notion via reduplication : - pi : l diminutive suffix - pipi : l plural * hausa is cited to have reduplication in the formation of plurals of a limited set of nouns . * in japanese , reduplication may turn a noun to a collective , but the scope of this strategy is said to be marginal : hito ' person ' hitobito ' people ' kami ' god ' kamigami ' gods ' * in mandarin ( chinese ) , reduplication turns singular to collective ( but this is said to be rare ) : ren ' person ' renren ' people ' - - moreover , both in mandarin and cantonese * classifier * items may be reduplicated to convey "" universal quantification "" in contrast to more unique reference . this fits readily in the notion of intensification ( or augmentation ) : ge ren ' a person ' ( mandarin ) ge ge ren ' every person ' douh ' place , there ' ( cantonese ) douh-douh ' everywhere ' * dakotan patterns plurals of stative intransitive verbs with reduplication . this is said only to apply to instances with inanimate subjects though . north american languages in general may be of interest when considering reduplication but i am short of examples at present . following languages were mentioned in the replies , though : klamath , nez perce , sahaptin . 2 . intensification or increase * mandarin chinese intensifies adjectives with reduplication : xiao 's mall ' xiaoxiao ' very small ' gaoxing ' happy ' gaogaoxingxing ' very happy ' as you notice , with disyllabic adjectives the reduplication pattern is aabb . - - cantonese also uses reduplication for augmentation or emphasis . * turkish is , apparently , a point in case . reduplication of adjectives indicates intensification or increase in the following way : temiz ' clean ' tertemiz ' very clean ' dolu ' full ' dopdolu ' very full ' bos ' empty ' bosbos ' completely empty ' here we have prefixed reduplication accompanied with a binding consonant . interestingly , there do not seem to be "" rules "" for which binding consonant should be inserted in a given case . * hausa is cited to use reduplication in the intensification of adjectives . * celtic languages have full word reduplication to indicate intensification . the method is reminiscent of the case of english , but it may be more "" integrated "" in the grammar of the celtic ( are there any opinions about this ? ) . could the celtic model have influenced germanic languages so that we still today have rather similar reduplication in the colloquial registers ( just my own modest idea . . . ) ? here are some examples provided by netters : - - welsh : ty bach bach ' a very small house ' oglau cryf cryf ' a very strong smell ' - - gaelic : fada fada ' very long ' trua trua ' very pity ' - - breton : braz-braz ' very tall ' this is said to be common especially in negative sentences . * in colloquial russian reduplication / repetition of adj 's / adv 's has likewise an intensifying function . the use is probably stylistically similar to repetition in colloquial english , but it is said to be limited to * predicate * adjectives : belyj-belyj ' very white ' tixo-tixo ' very quietly ' * it was also pointed that finnish has prefixed reduplication in some intensified adjectival forms . this is true , indeed , but - - what it seems - - wholly lexicalized and non-productive . in any case , here are some examples i and my colleague enjoyed coming up with : taysi ' full ' ( umlaut a ) tapo-taysi ' completely full ' ( uml . a 's & o ) tyhja ' empty ' ( uml . a ) typo-tyhja ' compl . empty ' ( uml . a 's & o ) puhdas ' clean ' puti-puhdas ' compl . clean ' uusi ' new ' upo-uusi ' brand new ' pinta 's urface ' piri-pinta ' right on the surface ' suomalainen ' finnish ' supi-suomalainen ' purely finnish ' yksin ' alone ' ypo-yksin ' compl . alone ' ( uml . o ) tiessaan ' lost ' ( uml . a 's ) tipo-tiessaan ' compl . lost ' ( uml . a 's & o ) the prefixed items ' tapo ' , ' typo ' , ' tipo ' , 's upi ' , ' puti ' , ' piri ' , ' upo ' , ' ypo ' do not seem to mean anything , at least for the speakers today . it seems that the first vowel or the pair first consonant & vowel of the stem are reduplicated with a binding syllable that most often has a ' p ' and a vowel , e . g . : ta-po - taysi , ty-po - tyhja , u-po - uusi , y-po - yksin could this have been productive in some earlier stage of the language ? * finally , in classical ( only ? ) greek a small number of * verbs * may have reduplication to communicate some sort of intensifying , expressive or affective notions : pam-phain - ei ' it shines brightly ' ( ( * phan-phan - j-ei ) 3 . continuation or completion reduplication is , evidently , often used in the formation of present , progressive or perfective . i take here the view that present or progressive forms combine with * continuation * , whereas perfective forms communicate * completion * . it was nice to discover that "" classical "" linguistic tradition can offer fitting data here . it feels appropriate to begin with these examples . - - - * in sanskrit , the perfect stem is formed by reduplication : budh - ' know ' bubodh - perf . jan - ' born ' jajan - perf . aorist ( ' true perfect ' ) roots may also be formed by a kind of reduplication : jan - ajijana - ( aor . ) in addition , present stems may be formed by reduplication : bhii - 'd rink ' bibhii - pres . * classical greek uses partial reduplication , i . e . prefixation of the initial consonant of a verb plus the vowel ' e ' , in stems for perfect tenses : le-lu - k-a ' i have freed ' pe-poie : - k-a ' i have made ' ge-grap - tai ' it has been written ' if the root begins with a vowel , the vowel is augmented . furthermore , some common verbs take reduplication in their * present * tense ; the initial consonant is reduplicated with the vowel ' i ' : di-do : - mi ' i give / am giving ' gi-gno - mai ' i am becoming ' ti-the : - mi ' i am placing ' ( ( * thi-the : - mi ) * in latin , perfect forms may involve reduplication : curro ' run ' cucurri perf . - - - let us then go over to more living languages . * in hausa , reduplication applied to verbs in two different ways expresses completion or continuity respectively . modified suffixed reduplication gives an idea of * completed * action : cika ' fill ' cikakke compl . jefa ' throw ' jefaffe compl . prefixed reduplication communicates "" something like continuity "" , as expressed by the respondent : buga ' beat ' bubbuga ' keep on beating ' kira ' call ' kikkira ' call various people ' * in tagalog ( philippines ) , reduplication distinguishes * imperfective * actions from perfective : bili root of ' buy ' bibili irrealis imperfective upo root of 's it ' uupo irr . imp . kuha root of ' get ' kukuha irr . imp . some scholars call irrealis perfective * completed * aspect and irrealis imperfective * contemplated * aspect . this makes sense , since irrealis imperfective ' bibili ' seems to translate to ' will buy ' . * in wailevu / fijian ( austronesia ) , reduplication is used in so called "" object defocusing "" that involves repetition of the action and a progressive marker : au xau-ta na agone ' i carry the child ' au xau-xau jixo ' i ' m carrying now ' au dola-va na xaatuba ' i open the window ' au dola-dola jixo ' i ' m opening now ' moreover , in this language adjectives may be derived from verbs through reduplication . even if noted to be "" not productive "" , the process is fascinating : sava-ta ' wash - tr ' sava-sava - a ' clean ' the adjective could be understood to represent * completed * action , the result , in a way very similar to how the perfect participle works in , say , germanic : she has washed the cloth . - - ) a washed cloth * in nahuatl ( "" aztec "" ) , reduplication may affect the meaning of a verb in several ways . - - an action carried out in a "" systematic "" ( progressive ? ) way : tequi base for ' to slice ' or ' to hack ' te : tequi 's lice / carve something ' cho : ca ' weep ' cho : cho : ca ' weep continuously ' - - of the same base verbs , an action carried out in a "" random "" ( involving repetition ? ) way : tehtequi ' hack something up ' chohcho : ca ' to sob ' - - furthermore , reduplication may be recursive ( e . g . of ' weep continuously ' & 's ob ' respectively ) : cho : cho : cho : ca chohchohcho : ca - - verbs with certain morphologic characteristic may take on reduplication to indicate * repeated action * : tzili : ni ' make a metallic sound ' tzttzilica ' jingle ' tzitzilitza ' make something jingle ' * in afrikaans , reduplication applied to some verbs seems give a progressive idea : hy loop eet-eet ' he eats continuously while walking ' 4 . diminution there are not many examples of * diminution * in the total of replies . in a sense , the process of "" making something smaller "" could possibly go under the more general strategy of * intensification or increase * ( although it is literally about "" decrease "" ) . nevertheless , there were a couple of possibly fitting cases : * cantonese may use reduplication to convey * diminution * or * moderation * . * it was pointed that english ( ! ) has some "" diminutive "" reduplication in formations like ' itsy-bitsy ' , ' eensie - weensie ' , ' teeny-tiny ' . these carry the content ' very small ' , but they belong merely to the child-speak register . in any case , the examples are diagnostic of the diminutive case . 5 . other there are uses of reduplication that go beyond the suggested four categories above . with some restraint , some of these could perhaps be seen as slight offsprings of the more general principle of marking * plurality * . i do not go into detailed examples but mention some most common semantic categories : - - distributive reduplication : presupposes two or more referents that are taken separately ( type : ' one by one ' ) - - reflexive notions go naturally hand in hand with distributive ( type : ' one another ' ) - - the so called * delimitative aspect * , i . e . 'd oing something for a while ' , in mandarin and cantonese does not at first seem to fit in * continuity * or * completion * . however , the semantics of the delimitative aspect is said to encompass "" implied repetition "" : tai-tai ' take a look at ' ( cant . ) chang-chang ' have a taste ' ( man . ) shi-shi ' have a go ' ( man . ) what would seem logical to me is that a casual , temporally short action like ' take a look ' reaches its termination quicker than standard ' looking ' . i do n't know if this kind of an implicit sense of "" rapid completion "" could be the motivation of this reduplication ? - - - then there are numerous instances of reduplication that communicate * contrastive emphasis * . these do not necessarily combine with the above functional categories at all . the motivation of such reduplication is merely to * make a point * clearer . the ( american ) english "" double "" is a seemingly nice example of this : shall we rent a car car , or would you rather have a jeep ? of course , emphasis is a sort of * intensification * and , thus , it touches the theme of our discussion . * * * * now i think it 's time to close this rather lengthy summary . thanks for reading it . if you would like to add something to the discussion - - like comment on my suggestions - - , feel free to e-mail ( or snailmail ) the "" stuff "" directly to me . ( for literature , see below ) all the best for 1995 , - jan . jan lindstrom dept . of scandinavian languages pb 4 00014 helsinki university finland - - - literature in the end , i will give some bibliographic hints that were pointed to me ( sorry , the order is random ) : martin , samuel e . 1988 . a reference grammar of japanese . tuttle . tai , james . 1993 . iconicity : motivations in chinese grammar . in principles and prediction : the analysis of natural language , ed . by mushira eid & gregory iverson . benjamins . 153-174 . whitney , william dwight . 1896 . a sanskrit grammar . ( e . g . ) harvard university press . carnochan , j . c . 1957 . gemination in hausa . in studies in linguistic analysis , special vol . of the philological society . blackwell . schachter & otanes . 1972 . grammar of tagalog . university of california . moravcsik , edith a . 1978 . reduplicative constructions . in universals of human language , vol . 3 . word structure . ed . by j . h . greenberg et al . stanford university press . 297-334 . davis , stuart . 1988 . on the nature of internal reduplication . in hammond & noonan ( eds . ) , theoretical morphology : approaches in modern linguistics . academic press . 305-323 . li & thompson . mandarin chinese : a functional reference grammar . ( eg . pp . 28-36 ) newman , paul . 1989 . reduplicated nouns in hausa . journal of african languages and linguistics vol 8 nr 2 ( oct . ) . 115-132 . matthews & yip . 1994 . cantonese : a comprehensive grammar . routledge .
",0
1359,"Subject: phonetics texts
 
 dear linguists , last month i posted a query on phonetics texts suitable for a 10 - week undergraduate course . i received many helpful responses from : chuck coker , yoshi asano , marc picard , charles read , darlene lacharite , nigel love , geoffrey nathan , steve seegmiller , don churma , frances ingemann , peter ladefoged , hal edwards , and one linguist who preferred not to be listed . thanks to all of you ! the book most often recommended is peter ladefoged 's , but others are also recommended in cases where the course is focused on the description of english only . geoff nathan pointed out that there are hypertext programs with examples stored as sound files that go with ladefoged 's text ; the edwards text has accompanying workbook , instructor 's manual and lab tapes . marc picard very kindly sent me the bibliography he gives to students in his class . i hope he does not mind that i have added to it the items referred to in the other replies i received to create the enclosed summary bibliography . call numbers are from marc 's list , and are those from libraries in montreal , for those of you lucky enough to live there . again , my thanks to all who replied ! susan meredith burt here is the combined list of references : abercrombie , david ( 1967 ) elements of general phonetics . edinburgh university press . ( vanier 3 , pe 1135 a2 1967b ) bolinger , dwight ( 1986 ) intonation and its parts : melody in spoken english . stanford university press . ( webster 4 , pe 1139 . 5 b65 1986 ) bronstein , arthur ( 1960 ) the pronunciation of american english : an introduction to phonetics . new york : appleton - century - crofts . ( vanier 3 , pe 1137 b77 1960 ) catford , j . c . ( date ? ) a practical introduction to phonetics . oxford u . p . clark , john , and colin yallop ( 1990 ) an introduction to phonetics and phonology . oxford : basil blackwell . ( webster 4 , p 217 c62 , 1990 ) cruttenden , alan ( 1994 ) gimson 's pronunciation of english . london : edward arnold . crystal , david . 1991 . a dictionary of linguistics and phonetics , 3rd ed . cambridge , ma : blackwell . denes , peter , and elliott pinson ( 1963 ) the speech chain . bell telephone laboratories . ( webster 4 & vanier 3 , qp 306 d45 1963 ) edwards , harold t . 1992 . applied phonetics : the sounds of american english san diego , ca : singular publishing group . fromkin , victoria , and robert rodman . 1993 . an introduction to language , 5th ed . orlando , fl : harcourt brace jovanovich . jones , daniel , a . c . gimson , and susan ramsaran ( 1988 ) english pronouncing dictionary . london : j . m . dent & sons . ( webster reference , pe 1137 j55 1988 ) kent , ray & charles read ( 1992 ) . the acoustic analysis of speech . singular publishing . ladefoged , peter ( 1993 ) a course in phonetics . fort worth : harcourt brace jovanovich . ( webster 4 & vanier 3 , p 221 l2 1982 , 1975 ) laver , john ( 1994 ) principles of phonetics . cambridge : university press . ( mcgill p221 l293 1993 ) longman dictionary of american english . 1983 . white plains , ny : longman . mackay , ian . ( date ? ) the science of speech production . austin , texas : pro - ed . o'connor , j . d . ( 1980 ) phonetics . penguin books . picard , marc ( 1994 ) the comparative phonetics of english and french . montreal : concordia university . ( bookstore ) pullum , geoffrey k . , and william a . ladusaw ( 1986 ) phonetic symbol guide . university of chicago press . ( webster 4 , p 221 p85 1986 ) rogers , henry ( 1991 ) theoretical and practical phonetics . mississauga : copp clark pitman . ( mcgill p221 r64 1991 ) wells , j . c . ( 1990 ) longman pronunciation dictionary . harlow : longman . ( webster reference , pe 1137 w45 1990 ) i should point out that no one knew of a book particularly designed for 10 weeks - - how to make a course fit that time period seems to be a pedagogical problem left up to the instructor .
",0
1360,"Subject: t
 
 thanks to everyone who responded to my questions about latex fonts and using linux in general . respondents were : jen hay ( jennifer . hay @ vuw . ac . nz ) mark hale ( hale1 @ husc . harvard . edu ) greg iverson ( iverson @ csd . uwm . edu ) "" james a . mcgilvray "" ( jim @ dep . philo . mcgill . ca ) michael covington ( mcovingt @ ai . uga . edu ) james magnuson ( magnuson @ hip . atr . co . jp ) uli sauerland ( sauerlan @ mit . edu ) tom green ( tmgreen @ mit . edu ) "" larry trask "" ( larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk ) ted . harding @ nessie . mcc . ac . uk ( ted harding ) "" c . a . creider "" ( creider @ julian . uwo . ca ) mark liberman ( myl @ sansom . ling . upenn . edu ) first of all , the responses clearly indicate that there exists at least two ipa fonts for latex ( see below ) . responses to my more general questions ranged from enthusiastic encouragement about using latex and linux , to fervernt wishes that i rethink my abandonment of the macintosh os , to recommendations of other operating systems and / or text-processing or dsp systems . i should perhaps have mentioned that i am already relatively familiar with bsd unix , so switching to linux will not be much of a shock in and of itself - though obviously using latex will be quite a change from a mac - based word processor . . . the score is currently : pro latex w / ipa : 7 pro linux : 4 pro mac : 1 pro nextstep : 1 anti latex : 1 and a number of somewhat mixed responses , suggesting for the most part that i remain with a mac for text processing , but work with some kind of unix environment for dsp and data processing , or that i stick with a mac for the actual sound manipulation but switch to linux for everything else . re : dsp there were at least two recommendations for signalyze for the macintosh , and two for ogi-tools for unix systems . some select quotes ( anonymously to discourage os partisanship from seeping into real life ) : "" i thoroughly recommend switching to latex . "" "" i ' m running a linux box and use latex for all professional word - processing these days . . . i have n't found anything i can't do yet . "" "" i ' ll say this for linux , compared to dos , windows , os / 2 , desqview , and windows nt ( latest versions of all ) , i ' ve been running linux for a year and a half and it has never once crashed . never . every one of those others has . "" "" gee , i hope switching from a macintosh to a linux workstation is n't too painful . . . do you really have to do this ( power macintosh machines are indeed powerful , and the word processing situation is well developed with wordperfect 3 . 1 , nisus writer 4 . 06 , others ) . "" "" while on the topic of unix instantiations of tex , you might look at nextstep instead of linux . . . next 's gui is , honestly , elegant . "" "" there are several good ipa font sets for latex , as well as a whole bunch of accents available even if you do n't use special fonts . "" "" i use latex ( both on linux and on other unixes ) for all my papers and there are a couple good packages of phonetic symbol fonts that work great with latex . "" "" first of all , i dislike latex intensely , as do most of my colleagues in linguistics . we find it uniquely user-hostile : basically , you can't change any defaults unless you have a degree in hacking . . . on the whole , then , my advice is to stay away from latex . "" "" i am a linux user , and can assure you that latex and all sorts of extensions work very well with linux . so if you can find the linguistic tools for latex you should be able to use them with linux . "" i have also had a few requests that i share the information regarding where to find latex ipa fonts : there are apparently at least two , maybe more . one is called tsipa and is from japan . another is called wsuipa , and is from washington state university . one other person mentioned a font set from waterloo , but did not give more details . tsipa is available at ftp . shsu . edu in tex-archive / fonts / tsipa a couple people mentioned the tex - for-linguists newsgroup , at listserv @ shsu . edu , but this may no longer be running . there is also a tex newsgroup , comp . text . tex for more info . thanks again to all the people who responded so quickly . i am going to give the linux / latex system a shot , and see what i can make of it . - alex afrancis @ midway . uchicago . edu alex francis ( 312 ) - 667-5432 department of linguistics afrancis @ midway . uchicago . edu university of chicago ( 312 ) 667-5432 ( home ) 1010 e . 59th st . ( 312 ) 702-9861 ( ling . dept . fax ) chicago , il 60637 ( 312 ) 702-7045 ( lang . lab )
",0
1361,"Subject: sociolinguistic / dialect lists
 
 i ' m afraid my request a while ago for information on sociolinguistic or dialectological discussion groups did n't come up with much information , but this is all i know about : ads - l ( american dialect society list ) listserver : listserv @ uga . bitnet listserv @ uga . cc . uga . edu for questions , contact : maynor @ msstate ( bernard chien perro ) and comserve at : comserve @ vm . its . rpi . edu have various communication lists including : ethno for discussion of issues in ethnomethodology , conversation and discourse analysis , etc . and one on gender . for information on these send the message show hotlines to their address . but there is still a lack of a sociolinguistic / dialectological list . could someone out there set one up ? maik gibson , university of reading
",0
1362,"Subject: cgsw : updated program
 
 announcing cgsw10 the 10th comparative germanic syntax workshop , organised jointly by the catholic university of brussels , and the p . j . meertens institute for dialectology ( amsterdam ) will take place in brussels on january 17-19 , 1995 . the program tuesday january 17 18 : 00 : registration and reception at conference venue : vrijheidslaan 17 , b-1080 brussels ( metro simonis ) wednesday , january 18 room a / o / 2 9 : 30 - 10 : 00 : coffee and formal opening 10 : 00 - 10 : 30 : t . taraldsen ( tromso ) case , subject-orientation and agreement in icelandic and faroese 10 : 30 - 11 : 00 : c . platzack ( lund ) forced to leave : non l - related movement in germanic v2 languages 11 : 00 - 11 : 30 : coffee 11 : 30 - 12 : 00 : j . zwarts ( utrecht ) simple and complex prepositions and p - stranding in dutch 12 : 00 - 12 : 30 : h . bennis ( leiden ) , f . beukema ( leiden ) & m . den dikken ( vu , amsterdam ) getting verb movement 12 : 30 - 14 : 00 : lunch 14 : 00 - 14 : 30 : s . barbiers ( leiden ) an antisymmetric analysis of pp extraposition 14 : 30 - 15 : 00 : t . hoekstra ( leiden ) & j . rooryck ( leiden ) dynamic and stative have 15 : 00 - 15 : 30 : e . haeberli ( geneve ) morphological case , pro and word order 15 : 30 - 16 : 00 : coffee 16 : 00 - 16 : 30 : e . - p . kester ( utrecht ) adjectival inflection and licensing conditions on null nouns 16 : 30 - 17 : 00 : e . hoekstra ( meertens , amsterdam ) & m . den dikken ( vu , amsterdam ) parasitic participles thursday , january 19 room a / o / 1 10 : 00 - 10 : 30 : j . bobaljik ( mit ) the morphological determination of germanic syntax 10 : 30 - 11 : 00 : d . buering ( koeln ) & k . hartmann ( frankfurt ) extraposition , qr , and association with focus 11 : 00 - 11 : 30 : coffee 11 : 30 - 12 : 00 : e . groat ( harvard ) overt and null expletives in germanic 12 : 00 - 12 : 30 : s . menuzzi ( leiden ) on double object constructions in icelandic 12 : 30 - 14 : 00 : lunch 14 : 00 - 14 : 30 : m . everaert ( utrecht ) binding and the inert / active distinction 14 : 30 - 15 : 00 : a . henry ( ulster ) v2 phenomena in belfast english 15 : 00 - 15 : 30 : coffee 15 : 30 - 16 : 00 : f . weerman ( utrecht ) morphological case and null case 16 : 00 - 16 : 30 : j . - w . zwart ( groningen ) the composition of auxiliaries and the placement of participles in dutch travel and hotel information : a file with travel and hotel information will be sent to you upon simple request ( e-mail or coupon below ) . registration and conference lunches : advance registration : $ 20 / bef 700 ( $ 10 / bef 350 for students ) on - site registration : $ 30 / bef 1 , 000 ( $ 20 / bef 700 for students ) advance registration can be made by sending in the coupon below , and by forwarding the required amount into postal account # 000-0536088 - 66 of ku brussel , vrijheidslaan 17 , b-1080 brussels . please mention that you are registering for cgsw10 ; do not forget to add bank charges to the above amounts . the deadline for advance registration is january 9 , 1995 . there are a number of restaurants in the immediate vicinity of the university ; however , given any sizable number of conference participants , this may lead to substantive overcrowding and consequent delays . for this reason , the organisers will arrange for a caterer to provide two lunches on the university premises . since it is vital that we should know in advance how many lunches to order , you must book your lunch in advance by sending in the coupon below . for the lunches , no advance payment is required . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cut here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - name : address : e - mail : 0 i will register on-site 0 i have transferred the registration fee in the amount of 0 bef 700 0 bef 350 ( student rate ) to postal account # 000-0536088 - 66 . 0 i want to order a conference lunch for wednesday january 18 at bef 400 0 i want to order a conference lunch for thursday january 19 at bef 400 0 please send me hotel and travel information mail , fax , or e-mail this coupon to : ku brussel cgsw10 ( g . vanden wyngaerd ) vrijheidslaan 17 b-1080 brussel belgium tel + 32 2 412 4349 fax + 32 2 412 4200 email : haaam08 @ cc1 . kuleuven . ac . be - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cut here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
1363,"Subject: re : 6 . 44 varia : animals and who , kant and innateness
 
 david powers said : ) the whole point of science is ) to explain the phenomena we observe , and saying that "" we are born with it "" is ) not an explanation . . . . ) even given the validity of the claim , the fact begs an explanation . . . . ) linguistics has a tendency to stop at being descriptive . science always goes ) further than mere description . describing the commonality present across the ) full range of human language , in a neat , parsimonious way , is but a first step ; ) for science demands explanations : why does language have the form it does ? ) where do these universals come from ? why do we have this range of parameter ) settings ? what relationship does language have to thought ? consciousness ? ) perception ? while i agree that linguistic inquiry should push the ` explanatory ' envelop as far as it possibly can , let us not deceive ourselves into thinking that ` explanation ' , of the type david powers speaks of , is anything more than another level of description . in the ultimate sense , it remains true that science can never hope to explain anything in any essential way . it can only establish cause and effect links but cannot take these back to ultimate origin . to do so calls for an infinite wisdom that human and artificial intelligence are simply incapable of . it is reason itself which tells us this is so . to pretend it is ( or can be ) otherwise is to undermine the very tenets of reason on which we base our analysis of this world and to enter the realm of faith , unreasonably turning reason into a religion in the process . at its very best , human science can only provide us with partial explanations , which are really descriptions in disguise . perhaps this is disagreeably humbling to the ambitions of the human enterprise , but this is the conclusion that we must come to unless we abandon empirical foundations altogether and claim , as an article of faith , that humankind posseses infinite cognition . if we are not willing to accept the latter proposition , then we must recognize that the very empiricism that we adhere to in order to do science leads us to the kantian barrier beyond which reason will not take us . concommitantly , like kant , we must accept that reason , at the point where it can go no further , points us in the direction of a transcendent origin . probably david powers did not intend his remarks to project us into the realm of absolutes . but when it is a question of the philosophy of science , absolutes are not only fair game , they are essential to proper reflection . michael d . picone university of alabama mpicone @ ua1vm . ua . edu
",0
1364,"Subject: re : racist linguist plot ( linguist list : vol-5 - 1467 )
 
 regarding steven schaufele 's recent posting on "" language amongst the anthropoidea , or , the racist linguist plot "" , wherein he claims never to have noticed any anti-animal "" racism "" in his training : i remember knowing about racism but not yet knowing about institutionalized racism - - wherein an institution is so permeated with racism that people are not even aware that what they say or do is racist . but let 's change the word "" racist "" to * species-ist * , since 1 ) racist does n't exactly fit cross-species issues except in the older meaning of "" human race "" , 2 ) species-ist points more clearly to our anthropocentrism , and 3 ) i no longer like to use the current concept of race because the history of its use over only the past 100 years with this particular meaning ( check the oed ) has not proven useful to me for inclusion into any explanations . dr . schaufele says , ) i certainly do n't remember anything in the introductory survey ) courses i ' ve taken myself . . . so much as hinting that it is an ) a priori assumption of the field of linguistics that language ) is the exclusive prerogative of homo sapiens . maybe the hints were all around , but never noticed . let 's next consider whether linguistics may be guilty of not overt but * covert * and institutionalized species-ism , embedded so pervasively as to be invisible to some . moonhawk 's institutionalized species - ism hypothesis predicts that unwitting species-ism will be reflected : * in textbooks through the positing of such processes as syntax and morphology ( which we claim animals do n't have ) as "" universals of language "" * in the use of metonymy ( part for whole ) to define * language * in terms of these putative universals , syntax & morphology , processes we claim only humans have , and then in calling everything else without such machinery * communication * ( which * true linguists * do n't study or publish on . ( n . b . , it 's not like you can go to a school or department of * communication * to study how animals communicate - - - so this is terminological limbo : few linguists really care what animals do ; it 's seen as irrelevant ) . * such truisms as "" there are no primitive languages "" in our intro classes - - where primitive is tacitly understood to mean "" with reduced or without the machinery of morphology & syntax "" . ( this automatically disallows what apes , cetaceans and others do from being called language , given our other claims above . ) * the omission of "" chimpanzee "" in the inventory of world 's languages * such constructs as lad ( language acquisition device ) and "" innate predisposition to language "" applied uniquely to humans . ( have you ever seen anyone positing either construct for the great apes or cetaceans ? ) * in standard theories and stories on the "" origins of language "" with exclusively human protagonists ( bow - wow and yo - he - ho theories , biblical tower of babel ) * in language acquisition classes that study primarily what humans do , with some emphasis on how humans diverge from animals just for comparison 's sake , to see how we take off developmentally from where they stop * in such phrases as "" uniquely human "" and "" social contract "" ( "" signs of the apes , songs of the whales , "" , nova , 1984 , discussing washoe 's use of asl : "" washoe has crossed the line into exclusively human territory . "" ) these are just the tip of the iceberg , off the top of the head . look around with sensitive eyes and you ' ll see the subtle signs of this species-ism everywhere . no one has to plot or say anything overtly species-ist because , given the totality of our system , animals can never break through our self-imposed cultural definitional language barrier ( as sue savage - rumbaugh so aptly notes ) . if a chimp and a child perform exactly the same behavior , the child 's is adjudged * linguistic * and the chimp 's is not , because children , unlike chimps , are said to be "" on their way to language "" ( i . e . , syntax ) . [ thanks to marilyn silva for her assistance to this point ; she thoroughly disavows any connection with what follows ! ] just so that we may see this species-ism more clearly , first a teaching i ' ve posted before , and then a brief outline for a model from a species-inclusive point of view that flows from the teaching . "" long ago , men and animals and spirits and plants all communicated in the same way . then something happened . after that , humans had to speak to each other in human speech . but we retained the old language for dreams , and for communicating with spirits , animals , and plants . "" this is what a non-species - ist ( cheyenne ) language origin story looks like - - all of nature communicating in a common way , and then * humans * moving out of that system and doing something different , the human kind of language , but remaining still connected to the original language processes whether they know it or not . wilhelm von humbolt , founder of linguistics as a university discipline , observed : "" man , regarded as an animal , belongs to one of the singing species ; but his notes are always associated with ideas . "" non - species-ist accounts are alway inclusive and evolutionary , not exclusive . and now for a model that flows naturally from the story . 1 ) we now call * language * every "" natural system "" which has utterances ( incl . sound , gesture , chemical , etc . ) combined with meaning . 2 ) we notice that as well as this sharing , humans also have differences - - different language processes that animals do n't seem to have ( morphology & syntax ) , so we call them two processes of human-specific language , the human kind of language , or just * human language * - - but we no longer designate it by merely the bare word * language * in the old exclusivist , species-ist way . this model declares that humans partake of other processes in the more inclusive * language * as well as those of specifically * human language * , so we look for similarities between humans and animals . indeed , both have motor / gestural components and spatial syntax associated with utterances and meaning , and both ( at least those with limbic systems * * * ) modulate emotions into their utterances . and , perhaps most important of the similarities , both utter idioms ! idioms are funny critters , when you think about it ; as the george foremans of the * hidden side * of linguistics - - the part of human language that does n't work by normal human language rules - - they tend to knock out every bit of morphological and syntactic machinery they encounter , not play by the rules , and consequently can help us question our culturally condoned uniqueness attitude as well . let me explain . it struck me recently , and i ' ve never encountered anyone else discussing this similarity , that the definition of idioms or formulaic speech - - utterances whose meaning cannot be pieced together from the meanings of the pieces , but must be attached to the whole utterance - - is exactly the same as the definition for any act of non-human communication you can find in the textbooks ( for bee dances , bird songs , etc . ) . in fact this definition is perhaps why non-human beings are usually said not to have ( human ) language - - because the pieces of their utterances can't be added up to make the whole meaning the way we say we can using morphology and syntax in human language . humans and animals thus intersect in * language * , in its entire evolutionary range , at most levels - - idioms , sounds , emotions , gestures ( pheromones ? ) - - and then humans only sometimes also construct new utterances from scratch . most typically we tend to use more idioms & formulaic speech with those we know well , and use it less with strangers , with whom we tend to use more formal and public speech . bees and birds and trees tend to know each other in their groups very well and can therefore be said to use idioms in their own languaging . just like us ! - - that is , unless we want to call ourselves sub-human and merely communicating , not using language , when we use idioms and formulaic speech . this move , should you accept it , irrevocably puts humans , land animals , sea creatures , trees , and maybe more , all on the same * language * map . but can these ' wild ' speculations , however evolutionarily based , actually be accomodated within a "" real "" linguistic theory ? about 15 years ago , charles fillmore was working on a unified approach i really admire ( and perhaps it 's a partial fulfillment of the reconciliation annabel cormack called for in vol-5 - 1469 on trends in lx ) , which goes something like this ( any errors are mine ) : when we are "" online "" composing / speaking , which i now must see as similar to dan slobin 's "" thinking for speaking "" mode , our process is to ' reach ' first for a handy ready-made piece of formulaic speech , and then , failing that - - lacking a ' match ' or not liking the proffered ' match ' - - we go on to construct from scratch . nature simply does n't have the further "" from scratch "" level , but shares everything to that level . fillmore 's formulation seems to fit quite nicely the picture of the evolutionary development of language ( and its synchronic effects ) that i have attempted to sketch here . ( sorry for any embarassment my use of it may have caused you , chuck ! ) the degree to which the above species-inclusive formulations may tend to disturb you quite faithfully reflects , i would guess , the degree to which you are embedded in the institutionalized species-ism so pervasive in linguistics , since these formulations are quite possibly the first truly * alternative * origins theory you have ever seen . because language and intelligence are usually linked , this more compassionate model also has the advantage of placing intelligence in nature and not so much the burden of just human beings . with this approach , linguistics could forge an academic path toward reconcilliation between western minds and nature that could provide a powerful rationale for at least slowing down , if not stopping altogether , the current ecocide , and instituting a new-though - ancient attitude of * respect * for the intelligence of nature . no linguist who sincerely wants to understand what * language * is all about can any longer afford to ignore its deeper processes in nature - - natural language , of which human natural language is an important subset . * * * anyone wishing to see how this inclusive approach further includes brainmind research - - the relevant evolution of brain structures and of brainwave rhythms - - can contact me at dalford @ s1 . csuhayward . edu . - - moonhawk ( % - ) ) ( "" the fool on the hill sees the sun going down and ) ( the eyes in his head see the world spinning round "" ) ( - - mccartney / lennon )
",0
1365,"Subject: cuba
 
 in november i posted a query as to whether anyone on the list , particularly in the usa , had had any experience of , or problems with , communicating with cuban academics . only four people replied , which may in itself be significant . anyway , thanks to those four for their communications . to summarise : 1 . two people i know have been asked for offprints by linguists at havana university . 2 . there was an exhibition by some ' third world ' americans at the biennial contemporary art exhibition just held in cuba , reported in the november issue of ' new art examiner ' . 3 . some academics received last year a call for papers for an international conference in cuba including areas on speech processing , computational linguistics etc . the contact was : dr eloina miyares bermudez ( cmstg @ ceniai . cu ) . 4 . one respondent from the list told me that it is possible to e-mail cuba from the us . there is another source of information in the form of an e-mail list in spanish , espana - l @ albnyvm1 . bitnet , which is primarily a social list for people who speak spanish ( spanish is the language of the list ) and are spanish or interested in spain . the cuba-l list can be read and contributed to worldwide . on several occasions , a member has forwarded something from cuba to the list , including recently a cri de coeur quoting passages of the cuban constitution and demonstrating that it was actually a travesty . the original writer , a cuban , was very openly decrying the cuban constitution . the poster quoted por - tions of the constitution , then gave examples of how the regime flouts it to the harm of the cuban people and the self-aggrandizement of castro , the local police captain , or "" the system "" in general . that writer seemed to have no fear of retribution , as if the cuban list were the only safe place to speak up , and were indeed safe , unlike whispers in the corner bar . the correspondent finishes : "" castro can't keep cubans from speaking freely , and the us government can't keep americans from listening to or talking with the cubans . "" if anyone else wishes to comment , please forward your communications to me , and i ' ll produce another summary . paul . foulkes @ uk . ac . newcastle
",0
1366,"Subject: changes in the journal language
 
 the editorial staff and offices of the journal language have been changed as of this month . articles for submission and general correspondence should be sent to the following address : mark aronoff , editor language department of linguistics suny stony brook stony brook , ny 11794-4376 , usa book reviews and all correspondence concerning reviews should be sent to the following address : edwin battistella , review editor language division of humanities wayne state college wayne , ne 68787 , usa both offices may be reached by email : main office : language . eds @ sunysb . edu review office : langrev @ wscgate . wsc . edu the main office may be reached by telephone : phone : 1-516 - 632-8003 fax : 1-516 - 632-9468
",0
1367,"Subject: american dialect society
 
 thanks to anyone who answered my query about the american dialect society . respondants were : s . embleton n . maynor s . dubinsky a . faber m . bson b . kretzschmar j . sheidlower if anyone else is interested you may contact allan metcalf at : aallan @ aol . com . or you may join by writing to : ads - l @ uga . cc . uga . edu and send the message : sub ads-l the ads has also its own server : listserv @ uga . bitnet or listserv @ uga . cc . uga . edu hope that will help whoever ! thanks again , catherine caws ubc roulleau @ unixg . ubc . ca
",0
1368,"Subject: conference feb , 1 - 4 msu , moscow
 
 lomonosov state university of moscow philological faculty international conference "" linguistics by the end of the xxth century : achievments and perspectives "" . february 1 - 4 , 1995 . brief program arrival of the participants : january 31 , 1995 . registration of the participants : january 31 , 15 - 20 february 1 , 9 - 10 address : 119 899 russia , moscow , vorobjovy gory , mgu , 1 - st building of the humanities . location : metro station "" universitet "" . time - limits : 30 minutes for plenary talks 20 minutes for section talks 10 minutes for reports february , 1 ( 10 . 00 - 13 . 30 ) plenary meeting , chairs : a . e . kibrik , t . a . komova ( russia ) m . l . remnyova ( russia ) , a . e . kibrik ( russia ) , p . seriot ( france ) , d . geeraerts ( belgium ) , d . gil ( singapore ) , e . s . kubryakova ( russia ) ( 15 . 00 - 18 . 30 ) section i - history of linguistics , chair : v . s . vinogradov g . p . melnikov , l . murzin , v . rudelev , z . gabunia , a . karavanov , n . bokadorova , s . auroux section ii - general problems , chair : r . m . frumkina p . parshin , d . paillard , v . gak , i . g . nosenko , li gi yun , d . cavar , g . fanselow , c . de groot , e . klobukov , v . m . pavlov section v - morphology , chair : s . p . lopushanskaya e . sidorenko , o . rudeleva , s . pravednikov , n . spatar , v . n . shmelev , g . panova , b . ostrovsky , a . l . sharandin section vii - syntax ( subsection vii , 1 ) , chair : o . a . lapteva v . s . yurchenko , s . kiselev , n . andramonova , t . volynets , s . rylov , yu . karazhayev section vii - syntax ( subsection vii , 2 ) , chair : c . v . chvany t . janko , t . agranat , r . benacchio , t . komova , l . yermolayeva , a . muzafarova , e . rudnitskaya section viii - semantics , chair : e . m . chekalina v . gurevich , b . y . gorodetsky , a . v . bondarko , l . kapralova , v . borschev , i . olshansky , i . b . shatunovsky , l . lescheva section xi - pragmatics , chair : f . a . litvin e . sidorov , g . bogin , i . susov , t . alisova , m . l . makarov , m . vsevolodova , g . neschimenko , v . zabotkina section xiii - comparative linguistics and typology , ch . : v . khrakovsky v . tomashpolsky , m . kapitan , k . krasukhin , v . degtyarev , a . v . shirokova , s . gadzhieva , a . gulmagomedov , g . klimov , s . pavidis section xiv - psycholinguistics , chair : l . v . sakharny n . lepskaya , v . belyanin , i . arkhipov , v . volkov , v . dolinsky , n . mechkovskaya , d . spivak section xvi - ethnolinguistics , chair : l . g . babenko m . krongauz , shi-xu , n . i . tolstoy , s . m . tolstaya , o . nikitin , l . andreeva , n . gaynullina february , 2 ( 9 . 40 - 13 . 30 ) plenary meeting , chair : p . seriot ( france ) f . plank ( germany ) , r . d . van valin , jr . ( usa ) , g . g . corbett ( great britain ) , f . j . newmeyer ( usa ) , v . m . alpatov ( russia ) ( 15 . 00 - 18 . 30 ) section i - history of linguistics , chair : l . n . murzin a . g . shirokova , n . bokadorova , n . rogova , a . a . zaraysky , m . belanger , v . vinogradov section ii - general problems , chair : o . g . revzina v . dem-jankov , m . k . sabaneeva , m . kosarik , l . cherneyko , o . kamenskaya , v . bogdanov , o . revzina , r . zibrova section v - morphology , chair : a . v . bondarko e . petrukhina , m . y . chertkova , yu . knyazev , l . m . lokshtanova , f . fici giusti , a . livanova , e . remchukova section vii - syntax ( subsection vii , 3 ) , chair : b . a . abramov l . sergievskaya , v . furashov , l . osipova , r . d . kuznetsova , j . birenbaum , e . fava , l . pravikova , v . lazarev section vii - syntax ( subsection vii , 4 ) , chair : n . n . kholodov zh . mokuranguolali , v . anoschenkov , sh . akhadov , van ligan , e . larina , e . kormiltseva , t . khalmuratov , s . k . bolotova , a . alnijazov section viii - semantics , chair : v . v . gurevich l . g . vasilyev , v . li , e . chekalina , s . chernova , o . a . mikhailova , e . fotyanova , v . kasevich , e . cresti section ix - lexicology and lexicography , chair : s . d . shelov a . lykov , a . khovalkina , i . sentenberg , a . polikarpov , a . zlobin , g . petrova , a . andreevskaya , a . baranov , d . dobrovolsky , m . mikhaylov , y . - f . nosovich section x - text linguistics and discourse analysis , ch . : e . paducheva s . gindin , z . turaeva , e . goncharova , v . i . yuganov , v . koneva , n . g . komlev , s . gasparyan section xi - pragmatics , chair : i . p . susov f . litvin , n . mironova , a . romanov , o . emelyanova , k . v . kiuru , o . mungalova , n . med sec . xiii - comparative linguistics and typology , ch . : v . tomashpolsky e . squires , v . khrakovsky , n . kozintseva , a . shayhulov , a . kuklin , v . a . vinogradov section xiv - psycholinguistics , chair : s . n . tseytlin t . vizel , l . v . sakharny , a . khrolenko , l . murzin , i . cherepanova , l . zabrodina , t . vediashkina , i . ovchinnikova section xv - sociolinguistics , chair : v . a . plungyan v . p . neroznak , e . grigoryan , l . chumak , m . breiter , n . gadzhiakhmedov , e . a . kondrashkina , a . gulmagomedov , v . porkhomovsky section xvi - ethnolinguistics , chair : s . m . tolstaya l . babenko , y . kazarin , v . khimik , t . g . fedotovskikh , v . d . chernyak , i . p . shishkina section xviii - computational linguistics , chair : a . n . baranov l . kolodyazhnaya , o . zvegintseva , s . lesnikov , r . m . gaisina , e . kozerenko , e . oleynikova , l . sanzharov , z . m . shalyapina , o . zagorovskaya , t . s . zevakhina section xix - linguodidactics , chair : i . m . magidova m . zadorozhny , o . polyakov , a . aminova , e . solodukho , a . nechaeva , t . b . nazarova , e . karazhayeva february , 3 ( 9 . 40 - 13 . 30 ) plenary meeting , chair : b . comrie ( usa ) b . h . partee ( usa ) , r . m . frumkina ( russia ) , j . pinto de lima ( portugal ) , l . renzi ( italy ) , a . mustajoki ( finland ) ( 15 . 00 - 18 . 30 ) section ii - general problems , chair : v . z . dem ' jankov o . lapteva , a . zelenetsky , l . buyanova , l . a . glinkina , v . bazylev , g . ushakov , i . a . kirillova , t . g . khazagerov section iv - phonetics , chair : l . v . bondarko s . kodzasov , l . v . zlatoustova , o . krivnova , r . potapova , g . bubnova , l . lebedeva , n . zinovieva section v - morphology , chair : v . m . alpatov n . boldyrev , t . kyldybekova , r . gazizova , g . gafarova , s . lopushanskaya , d . brown , e . altabayeva , s . signorini , n . tupikova , t . b . shemeleva section vi word - formation and morphophonemics , ch . : a . i . kuznetsova i . vepreva , a . hippisley , v . nemchenko , a . kretov , i . voronina , g . nikolayev , o . i . blinova , e . balalykina , e . koryakovtseva , z . kharitonchik , l . a . kuzmin , n . golev section vii - syntax ( subsection vii , 5 ) , chair : v . s . yurchenko n . kholodov , l . kovantseva , e . larina , t . lobanova , n . mozgalova , t . monina , a . smirnova , i . stepanova section vii - syntax ( subsection vii , 6 ) , chair : i . m . kobozeva c . v . chvany , a . - m . di sciullo , ch . wilder , m . yadroff , a . cardinaletti , m . starke , g . zybatov , g . ferraresi section viii - semantics , chair : b . y . gorodetsky n . b . pimenova , m . pimenova , t . v . markelova , k . bibok , m . larionova , l . a . chernova , l . isayeva , a . faktorovich , v . degtyareva , y . pinyagin section ix - lexicology and lexicography , chair : a . g . lykov s . d . shelov , s . kushneruk , m . volodina , l . shestakova , a . lipatov , e . kovalyova , e . ivanova , a . ivanov , e . v . senko , a . a . nabebin , v . v . zhilzova sec . x - text linguistics and discourse analysis , ch . : s . i . gindin l . granovskaya , l . bednarskaya , s . syatkovsky , e . v . paducheva , o . alexandrova , e . mendzheritskaya , m . bjorklund , s . gorelikov section xi - pragmatics , chair : g . p . neschimenko z . mitrofanova , v . m . arinshtein , g . g . khazagerov , o . b . chibisova , s . alekseeva , l . zybatov , o . polyak section xii - cognitive linguistics , chair : e . s . kubryakova a . cienki , j . luchjenbroers , y . pankrats , a . a . kibrik , i . m . kobozeva , a . r . armeyeva , e . r . lassan , i . b . stern section xiv - psycholinguistics , chair : n . i . lepskaya s . n . tseytlin , n . v . khalina , n . moseichuk , t . bazzhina , e . kurziner , m . voeykova , yu . krasikov , e . n . sokolov section xv - sociolinguistics , chair : v . y . porkhomovsky v . kozhemyakina , m . grachev , a . turbin , e . beregovskaya , n . maraschio , g . romanova , t . a . fesenko , s . dubinin , r . nieuweboer section xvi - ethnolinguistics , chair : v . v . khimik a . a . pushkareva , r . komarova , t . radbil , n . sulimenko , e . v . safina , n . i . sukalenko , l . gusev section xvii - minority languages , chair : v . p . neroznak a . i . kuznetsova , o . raevskaya , d . i . edelman , a . falileev , t . kluyeva , w . winter , o . kazakevich section xix - linguodidactics , chair : t . b . nazarova v . avramova , o . smirnova , a . metsa , h . vissak , e . borisova , i . morozova february , 4 ( 9 . 40 - 13 . 30 ) section ii - general problems , chair : v . g . gak n . aroutyunova , e . s . lebedeva , a . bartoshevich , n . kudrina , n . blokhina , n . kholodov , j . a . poupynin sec . iii - linguistics of the xxist century , ch . : t . m . nikolayeva a . e . kibrik , a . dulichenko , a . kretov , a . krivonosov , a . leontiev , u . a . sorokin , r . piotrovsky section iv - phonetics , chair : l . v . zlatoustova m . raevsky , c . sappok , v . lublinskaya , l . v . bondarko , l . zubkova , p . skrelin , v . i . kuznetsov section v - morphology , chair : e . v . klobukov d . yelovkov , n . d . kruchinkina , m . vezerova , e . siverina , o . romanova , a . kopeliovich , v . kulpina , l . vanelli section vii - syntax ( subsection vii , 7 ) , chair : y . g . birenbaum e . grigor ' yan , v . sergeeva , a . jioeva , s . postnikova , a . m . chepasova section vii - syntax ( subsection vii , 8 ) , chair : n . a . andramonova l . bogdanova , b . abramov , a . vlasova , g . k . khamzina , s . kabanova section ix - lexicology and lexicography , chair : v . p . belyanin n . alefirenko , t . z . cherdantseva , i . butenko , v . didkovskaya , o . y . mashina , a . zhukov , e . e . ivanov , a . khusnutdinov , v . a . kuzmenkova sec . x text linguistics and discourse analysis , ch . : o . v . alexandrova v . lo cascio , yu . zotov , v . krasnykh , v . medvedkin , l . luzina , z . karmanova , b . v . krivenko , e . nizhegorodova , m . subbotina section xii - cognitive linguistics , chair : y . g . pankrats m . moneglia , m . riabova , l . grishayeva , g . g . gizdatov , l . shelyakhovskaya , a . abdulfanova , e . v . pokrovskaya , v . plungyan , e . rakhilina ( 15 . 00 - 19 . 00 ) plenary meeting , chair : g . corbett ( great britain ) , j . s . gruber ( canada ) , b . comrie ( usa ) , j . van der auwera ( belgium ) , c . lehmann ( germany ) , t . nikolayeva ( russia )
",0
1369,"Subject: 
 
 syntax marcus maia . the comprehension of object anaphora in brazilian portuguese . usc . 1994 . distributed by gsil publications , usc . this thesis examines the comprehension of the empty category and the third person lexical pronoun in object position in brazilian portuguese ( bp ) . experimental results show that the processing of bp overt and nonovert objects is consistent with the leading idea underlying the overt pronoun constraint ( opc ) proposed by montalbetti ( 84 ) . experiment 1 compares the processing of overt pronouns and empty categories in object position in bp in structures in which these anaphors are a - bound by a subject and in structures in which they are a - bar-bound by a topic . results from 48 bp speakers indicate reactivation of the antecedents only by topic-bound gaps and by subject-bound overt pronouns in experiment 2 , the difference between the coreferential vs . bound readings in bp is further investigated by comparing the possibility of the strict and sloppy readings for the overt pronoun and the gap in object position . based on these experimental results , we argue for the classification of the bp null object as an instance of a null epithet , an empty r - expression with pronominal properties . the experiments are also informative with relation to several theoretical psycholinguistic issues . for more information , please contact gsil publications gsil @ scf . usc . edu south asian langs pan-asiatic linguistics : proceedings of the third international symposium on language and linguistics . chulalongkorn university , bangkok , thailand . 8-10 january 1992 . 1482 pp . ( 3 vol . ) . us $ 53 . 00 ( cloth ) including postage by airmail . the set contains 118 papers presented at the symposium . the papers deal with languages spoken in every part of asia with emphasis on southeast asian languages . areas covered are phonetics , phonology , morphology , syntax , diachronic studies , sociolinguistics , language contact , typology , neurolinguistics , psycholinguistics , and natural language processing . available from wholesale department , university bookstore , chulalongkorn university , phyathai road , bangkok 10330 , thailand . ( bank draft or international money order only . )
",0
1370,"Subject: kant and innateness
 
 references to innateness in kant are not easy to find , but here is one that is relevant to the current controversy regarding linguistic "" realism "" vs . "" conceptualism . "" a middle course may be proposed bewtween the two above mentioned , namely , that the categories are neither self-thought first principles apriori of our knowledege nor derived from experience , but sujective dispositions of thought , implanted in us from the first momement , so ordered by our creator that their employment is in complete harmony with the laws of nature in accordance with which experience proceeds - - a kind of preformation-system of pure reason . . . there is this decisive ojection . . . that the necessity of the categories . . . then would have to be sacrificed . ( b167-168 . _ critique of pure reason _ trans . kemp smith . ) noam chomsky observes that "" rationalist "" as well as "" empiricist "" theories of language incorporate "" innate dispositions . "" ( _ reflections on language _ . pantheon . 1975 . p . 215 ) whether the logical modalities enter the linguistic picture is uncertain , but one can imagine that on some formulation of minimality the connection with economy of derivation may be necessary in some sense , to choose a possible example just for the purpose of illustration . if so , then such modalities may not exclude "" psychologism "" in linguistics and with it conceptualism ala chomsky . one consequence would be that arguments against extending linguistic "" psychologism "" to logic would not be barred for the fregean reasons sometimes cited by linguists ( e . g . katz and postal in _ linguistics and philosophy _ . 14 , 1991 . p . 520 . the importance of kant for the history of the philosophy of linguistics is not innateness , rather it is in recognizing that concepts are rules . ( ibid . a106 ) . these rules allow the identification of the forms of "" judgments . "" within a framework of rules ( "" principles "" ) and parameters , kant 's view of concepts takes on special significance , eventually pointing toward a possible resolution of the question of the place of linguistics within science . steven bayne ( grad student ) uconn , linguistics stevenbayne @ delphi . com
",0
1371,"Subject: sum : words that are their own opposites , pt . 1
 
 in november , i posted a query about what i referred to as "" auto-antonymy "" , the semantic state of a word being its own opposite , either changing its meaning through time or having two opposite meanings at the same time . an example of the former is "" resent "" which used to mean "" appreciate "" as in the following quotations taken from the oxford english dictionary : 1702 c . mather magn . chr . iii . i . iii . ( 1852 ) 309 if she gratefully resented that small thing for the sake of the hand it came from . 1765 warburton in w . & hurd lett . ( 1809 ) 360 , i was sure that this instance of his friendship to you would ever be warmly resented by you . 1829 webster lett . ( 1902 ) 617 , i shall resent through life ( to use an expression of boyle 's ) your unwearied and affecting kindness to me . a word that has two opposite meanings simultaneously is "" fast "" , which means steady , not moving , and at high speed . i asked what the proper term for this phenomenon is , and made a call for other examples of this phenomenon in english and other languages . additionally , i asked whether this a phenomenon that can be rightfully classed with other regular forms of polysemy ( metonymy , metaphor ) and language change , or is it always a curious accident . thanks to the kind responses of linguists around the world , i now know six established names for "" auto-antonymy "" , i have a collection of many interesting examples , and i have been apprised of a dual phenomenon : synonyms that look like antonyms . these linguistic riches will be shared in the following screens . first , the terminology . dirk geeraerts writes that the phenomenon "" is known in the older tradition of historical semantics as ( antiphrasis ) or < enantiosemy > "" . miriam shlesinger and m . lynne murphy noted that such words are sometimes called ( janus words ) , after the two-faced greek mythic figure . larry horn , renowned historian of negation , said the phenomenon had been dubbed ( antilogy ) by john train in his 1980 book "" remarkable words with astonishing origins . david gamon offered the term ( enantiodromia ) for : the diachronic process of acquiring an ' opposite ' meaning , and i suppose a : word having two such meanings would be an ( enantiodrome ) . i learned this , : by the way , from professor matisoff here at berkeley . bob fradkin noted that arabic has a word ( didh ) ( plural < addhaadh > ) for "" a whole category of words that mean ' itself and its opposite . ' "" frankly , i think that all of these terms - - antiphrasis , enantiosemy , janus word , antilogy , enantiodromia ( not to mention didh ) - - are quite opaque to the modern english ear , and the word i coined , "" auto-antonym "" just says it all , and that 's the term i ' ll use for the remainder of this post . now that i ' ve whetted your appetite for some auto-antonymy , here are the examples i received : the top entry , submitted by practically everybody , is the classic example ( cleave ) which means to bring together as well as to cut apart . < splice > and ( clip ) , mentioned less often , operate the same way . another popular word was ( sanction ) , which as a noun means a punitive action and as a verb means to endorse . ( let ) is similar , also meaning to allow , but formerly meaning to prevent . the latter meaning survives in the idioms "" without let or hindrance "" and in "" a let ball "" . kevin rottet notes a similar phenomenon in french , with the word ( defendre ) meaning ' to defend ' and ' to prohibit ' . many mentioned "" overlook "" or "" oversight "" which can mean to look at something carefully as well as to miss something . jane edwards notes that german translation ( versehen ) has the same properties . speaking of german , bernd moebius writes : in german , ' kontrahent ' today means ' opponent ' ( e . g . , often used in sports ) [ . . . . ] there is , however , the rather uncommon use of ' kontrahent ' for two parties sharing a contract , like the english ' contractor ' . karen baumer wins the prize for sending in the most entries . these had been collected by her colleagues at the apple newton project . i give you a selection of the ones not mentioned previously : ) > > aught = all , nothing ) > > bill = invoice , money ) > > comprise = contain , compose ) > > custom = usual , special ) > > dust = to remove , add fine particles ) > > literally = actually , figuratively ) > > model = archetype , copy ) > > moot = debatable , academic ) > > note = promise to pay , money ) > > peer = noble , person of equal rank ) > > put = lay , throw ) > > puzzle = pose problem , solve problem ) > > quantum = very small , very large ( quantum leap ) ) > > ravel = entangle , disentangle ) > > resign = to quit , to sign up again ) > > sanguine = murderous , optimistic ) > > scan = to examine closely , to glance at quickly ) > > set = fix , flow ) > > skin = to cover with , remove outer covering ) > > strike = miss ( baseball ) , hit ) > > table = propose [ british ] , set aside ) > > temper = calmness , passion ) > > trim = cut things off , put things on ) > > a very short list of homophones : ) > > aural , oral = heard , spoken ) > > raise , raze = erect , tear down ) > > ) > > a pair of french words which can be very confusing : ) > > la symetrie ( symmetry ) and l ' asymetrie ( asymmetry ) . ) > > ) > > latin : ) > > immo = yes , no baumer also notes : an example that comes to mind is the word ' prove , ' whose older meaning ' to test ' has been pretty much lost , giving rise to an apparent paradox in the expression "" the exception proves the rule . "" there were quite a few examples from shakespeare . julie vonwiller explains , ( presently ) in shakespeare meant ' immediately ' whereas now it means ' not immediately but i ' ll get round to it ' . roger hurwitz reminds us of shakespeare 's ( nunnery ) , which , in the phrase "" get thee to a nunnery "" referred not to a place of piety , but a house of ill repute . sue blackwell , pointed me to "" as you like it "" , wherein jacques de boys complains : "" rumination wraps me in a most ( humourous ) sadness . "" not at all funny . blackwell adds that ( silly ) used to mean "" blessed "" . here are some examples in other languages that have no parallels in english : an example from dutch : "" ettelijk "" . most native speakers ( everybody ) thinks it means "" many , much "" , but the authoritative dictionary ( van dale ) says it means "" ( a ) little , ( a ) few "" . or at least that is what the dictionary said 10 or 15 years ago ( and our professor of dutch used to "" catch "" us on this one ) . now for the sake of this message i went to look again in a new version of van dale and it says both ! see the evolution ? - - patricia haegeman a swedish example is the verb "" maximera "" ( ' maximize ' ) . the traditional meaning is 's et an upper limit to ' , but now it is also being used in the sense ' make as large as possible ' , probably due to english influence . - - mats eeg-olofsson there 's a strange case in the sahidic dialect of coptic : "" ehrai "" means both "" upwards "" and "" downwards "" . the former derives from egyptian h . ry "" upper part "" ( in which h . represents a pharyngial fricative ) , the latter derives from egyptian h _ ry "" lower part "" ( in which h _ was probably a palatal fricative ) . the distinction between h . and h _ was lost in coptic . - - lance eccles , maquarie university , australia i think that 's enough for now . in a future posting i will summarize the linguistic wisdom on the regularity of the phenomenon . - - alex eulenberg ( aeulenbe @ indiana . edu ) - - indiana university
",0
1372,"Subject: qs : ideal reference grammars
 
 content - length : 15848 dear fellow linguist , if you are a user of reference grammars and are willing to invest some seven or ten minutes , you can contribute to shaping the format of an electronic framework for reference grammars we are about to develop . we are eager to have your opinion on what a good reference grammar should look like . for that purpose we have formulated a set of multiple choice questions plus some open questions , divided into four major groups : quantity , quality , organisation , ergonomy of reference grammar . if you have more than ten minutes , we would be happy to have your reactions also to the starred questions at the end of each group . the linear order of the questions does not correspond to a degree of relevance for us or the project . at the end of the questionnaire we ask you for your opinion on the relative importance of the different factors . to answer the multiple choice questions , please type an ' x ' between the appropriate pair of brackets . square brackets ' [ ] ' indicate that you should choose only one of the answers to the given question , parentheses ' ( ) ' indicate that you may choose several answers . subquestions are marked by inden - tation : if you have checked the superordinate question , please answer the subquestions as well . we will post a summary as soon as your answers have been evaluated . please send the completed questionnaire to the following address : pichler @ informatik . uni-muenchen . de thank you very much for your cooperation , the munich avg team roman pichler christian stroemsdoerfer vladimir tourovsky dietmar zaefferer = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 1 quantity = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 1 . 1 what do you expect a good reference grammar to contain ? [ ] grammar without lexicon [ ] grammar and lexicon 1 . 2 which subsystems of the language do you expect to be described in a good reference grammar ? ( ) phonetics ( ) phonology ( ) orthography ( ) morphology ( ) syntax ( ) semantics ( ) pragmatics ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 . 3 what kind of data do you expect to find in a good reference grammar ? ( ) examples ( ) interlinear morpheme translations ( imt 's ) ( ) text corpus ( ) pictures ( ) voice recordings ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 . 4 what should a lexicon included in the grammar ( if any ) contain at least ? ( ) all the words in the examples and the corpus ( ) the swadesh list ( ) all the function words ( ) 500 lexical entries ( ) 1000 lexical entries ( ) more , please specify : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 . 5 what sort of further information do you expect to find in a good reference grammar ? ( ) diachronical information ( ) genetic information ( ) information on the geographical area ( ) typological information ( ) description of language varieties ( ) negative information ( on absent phenomena ) ( ) socio - linguistic information ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * 1 . 6 what kind of bibliography do you expect to find in a good reference grammar ? [ ] a list of the referenced books and articles [ ] a list of the referenced books and articles plus considerations for further reading [ ] a thorough , commented list of books and articles , [ ] ordered by alphabet [ ] ordered by the following subjects : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 2 quality = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 2 . 1 what sort of intention do you expect from the author of a good reference grammar ? [ ] descriptive [ ] prescriptive [ ] both 2 . 2 what kind of description do you expect from a good reference grammar ? [ ] synchronical [ ] diachronical [ ] both , but primarily [ ] synchronical [ ] diachronical [ ] i do n't care , because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 . 3 what do you expect about the theoretical background of a good reference grammar ? [ ] it should not be bound to a specific linguistic theory [ ] it should stick to a specific linguistic theory , and [ ] it does n't matter which [ ] preferably to the following : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [ ] preferably not to the following : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 . 4 how do you expect linguistic forms and functions to be presented in a good reference grammar ? [ ] descriptions of forms ( expressions ) and functions ( meanings ) should be strictly separated . [ ] forms and functions should be described together . [ ] i do n't consider description of linguistic forms to be a necessary part of a good reference grammar . [ ] i do n't consider description of linguistic functions to be a necessary part of a good reference grammar . [ ] this question does not bother me at all . 2 . 5 what kind of terminology do you expect to be used in a good reference grammar ? [ ] mainly traditional terminology [ ] whatever is suitable for the language described [ ] a specific terminological system : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * 2 . 6 what sort of data do you expect to find in a good reference grammar ? [ ] only data drawn from a corpus . [ ] only data based on a corpus ( i . e . examples may be simplified ) . [ ] i also accept data based on the introspective insights of ( ) a native linguist ( ) a non-native linguist . * 2 . 7 what kind of justification to you expect in a good reference grammar ? [ ] no justification of the statements is necessary . [ ] statements should be exemplified with real-world examples . [ ] statements should be explained ( made plausible ) . [ ] statements should be supported by the theoretical framework . [ ] statements should be justified with cross-linguistic data ( if possible ) . * 2 . 8 please give your general expectations on the contents of the chapters that describe the subsystsems you chose under 1 . 2 above : phonetics : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phonology : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ orthography : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ morphology : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ syntax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ semantics : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pragmatics : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 3 organisation of the grammar = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 3 . 1 give your preferred order of the chapters that describe the subsystsems you chose under 1 . 2 above : [ ] same order as in 1 . 2 [ ] order as follows : 1 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 . 2 which additional ordering principles should be observed in a good reference grammar ? ( ) from the simple cases to the complex ones . ( ) first the grammar , then the lexicon . ( ) other : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 . 3 what information retrieval tools do you expect to find in a good reference grammar ? ( ) table of contents ( ) index of linguistic terms ( ) index of names ( ) index of languages ( ) index of tables ( ) index of abbreviations ( ) index of symbols ( ) index of words ( ) cross - references within the grammar ( ) cross - linguistic references ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 . 4 what kind of structural organisation do you expect in a good reference grammar ? ( ) chapters ( ) paragraphs ( ) introductions : ( ) to the whole grammar ( ) to the main chapters ( ) to each single chapter ( ) summaries * 3 . 5 what kind of metainformation do you expect to find in a good reference grammar ? ( ) information on the theoretical background of the author ( ) information on the terminology used ( ) information on the research situation of the author and on the field methodology used ( ) information on the general research situation of the language described ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 4 ergonomy = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 4 . 1 which ergonomical means do you expect to find in a good reference grammar ? ( ) pure text ( ) tables and paradigms ( ) graphics ( ) maps ( ) illustrations ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 . 2 what media do you prefer a good reference grammar to be presented in ? ( ) books ( ) electronic media ( ) i do n't care ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * 4 . 3 which metalanguage do you expect a good reference grammar to be written in ? ( ) english ( ) spanish ( ) russian ( ) french ( ) german ( ) chinese ( ) other : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * 4 . 4 what kind of layout features do you prefer ? * 4 . 4 . 1 font size ( body text ) : [ ] ) 12 points [ ] 12 points [ ] 10 points [ ] ( 10 points * 4 . 4 . 2 font type : [ ] times roman ( proportional serif font ) [ ] helvetica ( proportional sans serif font ) [ ] courier ( mono-spaced typewriter-like serif font ) [ ] gothic ( mono-spaced typewriter-like sans serif font ) [ ] others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * 4 . 4 . 3 font styles : ( ) bold ( ) italics ( ) underlined ( ) small caps ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * 4 . 4 . 4 font usage : [ ] use one font for everything [ ] use different fonts / font styles for ( ) headings ( ) body text ( ) examples ( ) structural translations ( ) literal translations ( ) footnotes ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 5 importance of parameters = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 5 . 1 please give a priority ranking from 1 ( = "" very important "" ) to 5 ( = "" rather unimportant "" ) to the following criteria as defined in the sections above : 1 2 3 4 5 quantity ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) quality ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) organisation ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ergonomy ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) * 5 . 2 please choose the 10 most important questions of the above list and give them a priority ranking from 1 ( = "" very important "" ) to 5 ( = "" not so important "" ) . you can refer to the questions simply by the appropriate number ( e . g . "" 4 . 4 "" ) . 1 2 3 4 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 6 examples = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ( ) my favorite reference grammars are : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) the following reference grammars are quite acceptable : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 7 personal information = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone / fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * main interests _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * practical experience ( field work , etc . ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * preferred theoretical framework _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * present projects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * i use the following operating system ( s ) : ( ) os2 ( ) dos ( ) windows ( ) apple macintosh ( ) unix : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * i use the following software products : ( ) word processor : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) spreadsheet : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) database : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) hypertext : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) graphics programs : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) programming languages : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dietmar zaefferer institut fuer deutsche philologie phone : + 49 89 2180 2060 ( office ) universitaet muenchen + 49 89 36 66 75 ( home ) schellingstr . 3 fax : + 49 89 2180 3871 ( office ) d-80799 muenchen germany email : ue303bh @ sun1 . lrz-muenchen . de
",0
1373,"Subject: request for information
 
 dear colleague the national terminology services ( nts ) of south africa is looking for a terminology management system which will be able to accommodate all 11 official languages . some of the african languages have special diacritics not yet available in commercial software . attached you will find the rfi from the nts . please pass it on to anyone who might be interested . the rather bulky user requirement specification will be e-mailed to interested parties as soon as they request it . please take note of the closing date of 29 may . we appreciate your help in this matter . yours sincerely ms milde jordaan - weiss ms milde jordaan - weiss national terminology services department of arts , culture , science and technology private bag x894 0001 pretoria republic of south africa tel + 27 12 314-6165 fax + 27 12 325-4943
",0
1374,"Subject: machine usable dictionary
 
 as you may know from postings i have made to this list over the last couple of months , derek bickerton and i are developing a parser based on a theory of syntax that he and i have been developing over the last four years . we are about to purchase a machine usable dictionary with approximately 70 , 000 entries for $ 2500 . if anyone could advise us whether or not that is our best bet , or where we might find other dictionaries , we would appreciate hearing from you . we are currently working with a dictionary of under 1000 words , so it is imperative that we obtain a larger one , so we may begin working with larger corpora . toward that end we would also like to find out which texts were used in past parsing competitions and where the results of these competitions are published . we believe that with a few weeks of work we should be able to modify a dictionary sufficiently to allow us to begin experinmenting with texts that were used in past parsing competitions . here are the specs the parser . it is based on a series of algorithms that have been four years in the making , but the programming required to create this parser has only taken 300 hours using c + + . there areapproximately 3000 lines of code that take up 150k executable on disk . about 100k of ram is required to run the parser . 30k on disk is required for a 300 word dictionary . an average sentence takes under 4 seconds to process on a 486 ibm compatible . since this is only a development version , we expect these numbers to change . to date , no optimizations have occurred , and we expect to significantly shrink the dictionary disk usage and the execution time . phil bralich bralich @ uhccux . uhcc . hawaii . edu
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1375,"Subject: parallel corpora
 
 content - length : 2194 dear linguists , a short time ago , i posted to the list a query on parallel corpora . since answers are still comming in , i will not give a summary of the answers at this point . ( however , a summary will be given as soon as i have gathered all answers ) . due to e-mail problems , i believe some e-mail messages must have been lost . so , i give here below the list of the people whose messages i have received . if you have written me and your name is not included here , please re-send your answer to my personal address ! i also repeat here the original query for those who have not already seen it . list of addresses of people who have answered : kemmer @ ruf . rice . edu barlow @ ruf . rice . edu bert . peeters @ modlang . utas . edu . au estival @ divsun . unige . ch r . m . salkie @ bton . ac . uk bernard @ ccnet . up . ac . za macrakis @ asf . org ingria @ bbn . com the original message is the following : ) dear linguists , ) ) i am involved in a project concerning parallel text-corpora , and ) i would like to know if anybody has already had any experience on ) the matter . specifically , i would like to know if there already ) are any efforts ongoing ( or completed ! ) about specs for parallel ) corpora , for representation issues , text typology etc . ) ) if anybody has the time to answer my query i would greatly appreciate ) it ! please reply to my personal address . sorry to those who have seen this message again ! thank you all , maria gavrilidou institute for language and speech processing athens , greece
",0
1376,"Subject: synthetic compounds summary
 
 dear colleagues , in april i sent a query to linguist about synthetic compounds . i received over 30 replies . i have tried to respond personally to all of the replies , but a couple of my messages bounced . i apologize to anyone i missed . i appreciated all of the response i received . i am proud to be a part of intellectual community where so many people are eager to share their hard won knowledge . a summary of what i have learned follows . it can be divided into four parts . part 1 presents some questions about what i had taken as given in my initial query . part 2 consists of a bibliography of works that i and others have found useful in our research on compounds . part 3 . is a table showing the data i have so far . i encourage you to look over it may surprise you or you may disagree with what i say about your favorite language ( if you do please write me , i know very little about most of these languages and have no way of judging if what i have read about them is the widely accepted view . in part 4 i explain the project i am currently working on and make yet another call for data ( no matter how much i get i want more ) . i hope that this summary is useful for most of you and interesting to at least some . part 1 : i got some very interesting replies to my query which instead of or in addition to offering data , questioned the very notion of synthetic compounds that i had based my query on . my post was as follows : i am looking for information on synthetic compounds like the english "" truck driver "" and the french "" essuie-glace "" where one element of the compound is a verbal and the other element is interpreted as its object . i am trying to find out if there is any connection between the ordering of the elements in these compounds and the ordering of the elements in a vp . i already have information on how these compounds are formed and used in english , french , spanish , italian , dutch , igbo , and jacaltec , but have been unable , despite hours in the library , to find information on other languages . the questions fell into two main categories ? 1 . what did i mean by "" synthetic "" compounds ? on the surface this seems like a simple terminological question but it goes much deeper than that . in researching this type of compounds i have seen them called by any number of names ; deverbals , verbals , v + n , v + o , nominalizations . . . . . i do n't know where the term "" synthetic "" comes from i just use it because it was the one i was taught . each of these terms has its own merits and faults and reflects the theory of compounding the user ascribes to , which is all well and good but it makes research in this area very difficult . another problem arising in part from or simply reflected in the plethora of terms for this type of compounds is the fact that no two linguists define the group in the same way . for some a synthetic compound can only be made up of a verbal and noun that can be interpreted as its direct object ( dishwasher , face painting ) for others the noun can be an oblique object as well ( theater goer ) and other will call any compound with a verbal element a synthetic ( examining room ) . for the purposes of my current work i am only interested in the first type ( v + do ) , in fact only the subset where the compound is understood to be a person or object that preforms the action ie . a dishwasher : something / one that washes dishes . 2 . why did i think that "" driver "" of "" truck driver "" was a "" verb "" it is obviously a "" noun "" ? why was n't i looking at the ordering of nps instead of that of vps ? admittedly at first glance the compound "" truck driver "" does seem to be made up of two nouns "" truck "" and "" driver "" . in fact i cannot at this point think of any compelling argument against this view except that words like "" driver "" tend to be semantically weak and except in a few case like that of "" driver "" unless they appear as part of a compound they have no meaning out of context . compare "" grower "" with "" apple grower "" . the french compounds present even better support for the verb based view . the "" essuie "" of "" essuie-glace "" ( windshield-wiper ) is a straight forward verb form . there is no french noun "" essuie "" ( * wiper ) thus french synthetics at least cannot be n + n compounds , and if we want a unified theory of synthetics then english synthetics cannot be n + n either . if you want to comment on either of these questions , please do so directly to linguist . i think either of them could lead to a good general debate and i have already said all i have to say about these subjects at the moment . part 2 : synthetic compound bibliography ( warning some citations are incomplete , i hope this does n't cause anyone too much trouble ) adams , valerie . an introduction to modern english word - formation . new york : longman bauer , laurie . english word formation . cambridge : cambridge university press ( 1983 ) - - - . the grammar of nominal compounding : with special reference to danish , english , and french . odense : odense university press , ( 1978 ) . beard , robert . lexeme - morpheme base morphology . suny press ( this summer ) booij , g . and t . van haaften . "" on the external syntax of derived words : evidence from dutch . "" yearbook of morphology 1 . ( 1988 ) : 29-44 . chao , yuen - ren . a grammar of spoken chinese . berkeley : university of california press . ( 1968 ) ( pages 415-434 ) chi , telee r . ra study of verb - object compounds in mandrin chinese in thompson , s . a . & lord , c . ( 1974 ) approaches to the lexicon . ucla papers in syntax , # 6 . los angeles : university of california press . - - - . a lexical analysis of verb - noun compounds in mandrin chinese . taipei : crane publishing co . ( 1985 ) . chung , karen steffen . verb + noun function describing compounds . bulletin of the college of liberal arts , national taiwan university no 41 ( 1994 ) 181-222 craig , c . the jacaltec language . bloomington : indiana university press , 1973 ( has a nice section on word formation ) darmesteter , arsene . traite de la formation des mots composes dans la langue francais comparee aux autres langues romanes et au latin . paris : librairie honore campion ( reprint of 1893 work ) ( 1967 ) drapeau , lynn . aspects de la morphologie du nom en montagnais . thesis . universite de montreal . ( 1979 ) . - - - . "" les noms composses en montagnais "" recherches linguistiques a montreal : montreal working papers vol . 12 , may 1979 linguistique amerindinenne i : syntax algonquienne gavarro , anna . syntactic theory and the grammar of catalan compounding . dissertation university of edinburgh ( 1990 ) greenberg , gerald r . "" stress in polish compounds . "" lingua : international review of general linguistics . 70 : 2 - 3 ( nov . 1986 ) : 163-170 . koptjevskaja - tanm , maria . nominalizations . new york : routledge , 1993 . lehmann , w . p . "" proto - indo - european compounds in relation to other proto - indo european syntactic patterns . "" acta linguistica hafniensia 1969 , 3-20 . lehmann , ( w . p . ) ? theoretical basis of indo - european linguistics . routledge ( 1993 ) ( pages recomended to me 64 , 148-50 , 255 - 6 ) leiber . r . "" phrasal compounds in english and the morphology - syntax interface . "" papers from the parasession on agreement in grammatical theory . 202-22 . - - - . "" argument linking and compounds in english . "" linguistic inquiry vol 14 ( 1983 ) - - - . deconstructing morphology ( 1992 ) leonard , rosemary . the interpretation of english noun sequences on the computer . amsterdam : north holland ( 1984 ) levi , judith . "" the syntax and semantics of complex nominals "" in studies in modern hebrew syntax and semantics ed cole north holland publishing ( 1976 ) pgs . 9-55 . li , c . n . and s . a . thompson . mandrin chinese : a functional reference grammar . berkeley : university of california press . ( pages 73-81 ) lloyd , paul m . verb - complement compounds in spanish . tubingen : max miemeyer verlag . ( 1968 ) nwaozuzu , g . i . "" nominal compounds in igbo . "" afrika und ubersee : sprachen kulturen . 70 : 2 , 225-244 . selkirk , elisabeth o . the syntax of words . cambridge , ma : mit press , 1982 . spencer , andrew . morphological theory . oxford : basil blackwell , 1991 thiele , johannes . la formation des mots en francais moderne . translated by andr clas . montreal : presses de l ' universite de montreal , 1987 . varela , soledad . "" the organization of the lexical component : noun - compounds in spanish . "" acta linguistica scientiarum hungaricae . 1986 , 36 : 1 - 4 . 235-44 . vogel , irene . "" phonological evidence for level ordering in italian word formation . "" acta linguistica scientiarum hungaricae . 1986 , 36 : 1 - 4 . 245-260 . vogel , ( irene ) ? and ? napoli . the verbal component in italian compounds . in proceedings of the linguistic symposium on romance languages xxii . eds jon amastae , grant goodall , and mario montabetty . philadelphia : john benjamins ( to appear ) wilco , g . ter stal and paul e . van der vet . two - level semantic compounds . wonderly ( 1951 ) international journal of applied linguistics zwanenburg , ? . "" morphological heads : french compounding and germanic prefixation "" in theoretical analyses in romance linguistics eds laeufer and morgan . part 3 the following table summarizes the data from all the languages examined . "" ? "" indicates holes in the data language vp order compound order v affixed n affixed pie ov ov ? ? sanskrit ov ov ? ? latin free / ov ov ? ? french vo vo no no italian vo vo no yes spanish vo vo no yes english vo ov yes no dutch vo ov yes no german vo ov yes no danish vo ov yes no swedish vo ov yes no icelandic vo ov yes no russian free ov yes no serbo - croatian free / vo vo yes yes polish vo vo yes no welsh vo vo yes yes ov yes no igbo vo vo yes no jacaltec vo vo yes no pulaar vo vo yes yes finnish vo ov yes yes west armenian ov ov ? no mandrin chinese ? vo no ? irish gaelic vo vo yes ? thai svo svo ? ? galacian vo vo ? no / yes hebrew vo vo yes ? no czech ? vo ? ? japanese ? ov yes ? if your favorite language ( s ) is ( are ) missing or you disagree with what i have here please read the next section and send me the data i need to set things right . part 4 in the paper i am currently working on i amattempting to see which of two theories makes the correct predictions about the surface form of synthetic compounds . the first theory , based on hawkins view of parsing , predicts that the surface form of synthetics will differ as much as possible in ordering and affixation from the corresponding vp so that the listener will not confuse the two . the second theory , based on any number of generative theories of word formation , predicts that synthetics and vps will be as similar as possible so that the derivation of synthetics will be as simple as possible . thus english with the affix - er and different word orders for synthetics and vps conforms with the first theory and french with a similar ordering conforms with the second . basically i need data from as many languages as possible in order to see which of the two theories makes the most accurate prediction . i am putting severe limits on the data which i am considering . i am only looking a one subset of synthetics , those with an agentive reading . by this i mean compounds indicating people or instruments that are the agent of the corresponding vp , like the english "" truck driver "" and "" dishwasher "" or the french "" porte-parole "" and "" essuie-glace "" . i chose this subset because it is the most semantically distinct from the vp . the problems caused by a listener confusing agentive compounds and the vps would be the more severe than with any other subset and thus this is the environment where one would most expect to see evidence for the first theory . if the first theory does indeed make correct predictions , i might consider other types of synthetics and try to see if there is any type of hierarchy within synthetics based on how semantically distinct they are from their corresponding vps . however that is later , for now i just need data about agentive synthetics . if you are willing to send me data on any of the languages missing above please include at least 1 . the name of the language in question ( so i can look it up to get other typological information ) 2 . two or more examples with a morpheme by morpheme gloss and a free gloss 3 . simple sentences with the corresponding vps glossed as above 4 . the plural and feminine forms of examples if they exist 5 . and a judgement of how productive this compounding process is in the language 6 . any other comments you think are helpful for example french ( francais ) ( l ' ) essuie-glace "" wipe ( v stem / 3rd sing ( depending on analysis ) - glass ( n stem ( sg / fem ) ) "" "" windshield wiper ( n sg masc ) "" ( le ) porte-parole "" carry ( v stem ) - speech ( n stem ) "" spokesman ( n sg masc ) "" il essuie la glace . "" he ( nom ) wipes ( 3rd sing pres ) the ( fem sing ) glass ( fem sing ) ? elle porte la parole . "" she ( nom ) carries ( 3rd sing pres ) the ( fem sing ) speech ( fem sing ) . les essuie-glaces ( pl ) no fem exists les porte-paroles ( pl ) la porte-parole ( fem ) this pattern is very productive in french especially with - er verbs . these compounds are always masculine regardless of the gender of the nominal element . "" essuie "" and "" porte "" independently can only be interpreted as verb stems of 3rd singular pres . they cannot be used as nouns or adjectives . phillipe barbaud at universite du quebec a montreal wrote a nice paper ( the name of which escapes me ) on french compounds in the late 80 's thanks again to all those who replied to my first query . i hope this summary has been of some use . heather anderson hmanders @ indiana . edu 322 memorial hall iu bloomington , in 47405
",0
1377,"Subject: sum : x - rays and acoustic signals
 
 dear linguist members , some weeks ago i published a request for information about methods of measuring movements of the articulating organs . within this field i was especially interested in x - ray documentation and films . alice faber ( faber @ haskins . yale . edu ) wrote that "" back in the 1960 's the center for applied linguistics here in the us made a set of such films of ' exotic ' languages . we have a set here at haskins , . . . "" caroline smith reported on another method of measurement . she wrote that a method of measurement which works on the basis of electromagnetism was used by "" the people at the institut fuer phonetik und sprachliche kommunikation der universitaet muenchen , who are the world leaders in electromagneticarticulography ( fipkm @ phonetik . uni-muenchen . de ) . "" bob port ( port @ cs . indiana . edu ) from indiana reports on "" x - ray microbeam data at univ of wisconsin . "" and continues "" there is now a large amount of material available , but is not in video form "" a most interesting hint at x - ray documentation i want to give verbally at this place : kenneth r . beesley ( ken . beesley @ xerox . fr ) writes : "" i have also seen x - ray movies from the eastman collection in rochester , new york . these films show , among many other things , people talking , playing musical instruments , and moving in various ways . for medical interest , there are also films of swallowing and bladder functions . i have seen some x - ray photographs of vowel-production settings from the old ussr , but these are less interesting than films . the eastman films , produced in the 1940s and early 50s , i believe , are unintentionally frightening because the doses of x - rays considered safe then were perhaps 500 times what they are now . as best i can remember , these films were somewhat inspired by x - ray films made by the nazis using inmates of concentration camps . these films , brought back to the united states after the war , were watched in fascination by eastman and his colleagues . they featured scenes with full skeletons walking about . the x - ray doses were no doubt fatal to the victims . "" beesley also reports on phoneticians from the university of glasgow , scotland and members of the school of dentistry , who some eighteen years ago produced x - ray images that show people talking . helmer strike ( strik @ let . kun . nl ) delivers two methods of measuring articulation : "" the technique that resembles the old x - ray films the most is called mri ( magnetic resonance imaging ) . a good article on this topic is baer et al . ( 1991 ) journal of the acoustical society of america , nr . 90 ( 2 ) , pp . 799 - 828 . . . . another , quite different technique , which is used very often , is called epg ( electro - palato - graphy ) "" in particular , i would like to thank ocke bohn ( gen01 . @ rz . uni-kiel . d400 . de ) for having sent me an article on how to describe articulation by means of infrared light . she reported as well on experiments using ultrasound for recording the movements of the articulating organs . in conclusion , i want to give another idea of how to make use of cd-rom in combination with x - ray technology . today 's technology has made it possible to save pictures and videos ( here videos produced through x - rays ) conveniently down onto a cd . this opens up the possibility to combine recordings of various institutions on one cd and , by means of this collection , deliver an outstanding contribution to the further understanding of what is happening when people talk . besides the actual recordings , further information about videos and x - ray images that concerns both the history of this subject and its methodology could be gathered in one single multi media application in such a way that a cd like this would provide important information about the topic "" articulation and the methods of its measurement "" in a user-friendly way and , what is more , would be available for a greater number of non-expert pc - users . anyone interested in this project and willing to support this idea should write to one of the following addresses : e - mail : fran2801 @ pcmail . uni-trier . de home : ingolf franke zeughausstrasse 31 d-54292 trier germany
",0
1378,"Subject: summary : algonquian homeland
 
 content - length : 10189 in april i made an enquiry about the algonquian homeland of which a slightly abbreviated form is repeated below : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * i have just been reading merritt ruhlen 's _ the origin of language _ . i would like to ask a question or two about the content of the section ' locating the algonquian homeland ' . first , ruhlen says that ' frank siebert has proposed the area of the eastern upper great lakes as the origin of the algonquian dispersal ' . ruhlen does not source his reference . can anyone give me the source ? secondly , and more importantly , ruhlen appeals to sapir 's age - area hypothesis to the effect that the area of greatest diversity in a family is likely to point to the original homeland of the family . since the greatest divergence is evidently between blackfoot and the rest of the family , in the southwest of the family 's extent , ruhlen suggests , _ contra _ siebert , that the homeland is there , and that the family 's closest external relatives are also in that direction . as an initial attempt to locate a homeland , ruhlen 's arguments seem sound enough to an outsider . however , the kind of support for them that i would want to look for would be an argument that the first branching in the genealogical tree divides blackfoot from the rest of the family . this would be based on a claim that the rest of the family shares a set of innovations relative to proto algonquian ( a proto algonquian whose reconstruction also takes full account of blackfoot data ) . i went to the library here to see what i could find , and came up with ives goddard 's account of ' comparative algonquian ' in campbell & mithun 's _ the languages of native america _ ( 1979 ) . goddard says , if i read him correctly , ( i ) that the only obvious subgroup within algonquian is eastern algonquian ( and he gives innovations defining this ) , ( ii ) that blackfoot is highly divergent and that its history is not yet understood . goddard 's account understandably does not contain the kind of data that would allow a non - algonquianist to assess ruhlen 's hypothesis . i would be grateful to anyone who could point me towards any work that would cast light on the question of algonquian subgrouping and the homeland or who could comment knowledgably on ruhlen 's homeland hypothesis . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * i would like to thank those who responded , some of them several times , and those who were generous enough to send me copies of materials i could not obtain here . they were : dan alford , peter bakker , david costa , pat crowe , marybeth culley , anthony fox , ives goddard , john koontz , phil lesourd , rob malouf , john o'meara , marc picard , karl teeter . i have n't had time yet to read the recommended references or to think carefully about the views expressed , which were varied . so varied , it seems to me , that when i set out to write a summary , i could n't , so i have resorted to extracting crucial passages from people 's messages . i hope this will not result in any misrepresentations . the siebert article is : siebert , frank . 1967 . the original home of the proto - algonquian people . a . d . deblois , contributions to anthropology : linguistics i ( algonquian ) , pp . 13-47 . national museum of canada , bulletin no . 214 , anthropological series no . 78 , ottawa several respondents drew my attention to the fact that the question of ' homeland ' is related to the question of time depth , i . e , how far back do we want to go in our search for the homeland ? one pointed out , however , that if algonquian is a subgroup of algic , then we can define the algonquian homeland as the area where proto algonquian ( a member of the algic subgroup ) was spoken , treating the algic homeland separately . ' best guess based on location ( of the algic homeland ) would be some sort of a northwest coast origin , but there is no real evidence for this . ' ' denny places the pa speakers around the upper columbia river in oregon and washington . he bases his conclusions on archaelogical evidence , the connections between pa and the larger algic language family , and on the existence of a handful of algonquian languages spoken along the northern coast of california . he proposes that the pa speakers radiated south to california and west to the great lakes ( giving us the precursors of blackfoot , cheyenne , and arapaho along the way ) . at least , i think that 's how it goes - you should really check the article . ' ' blackfoot and arapaho are the most divergent ( algonquian ) languages , and . . . thus the family probably started in the northern rockies and spread east from there . most algonquianists who think about such things these days recognize a lot of problems with siebert locating proto - algonquian in southern ontario . ives ' article ( goddard 1994 ) makes a lot of sense - - essentially the scenario is that the family came from idaho or thereabouts out onto the prairies in montana , and first dropped blackfoot . then , it continued east , dropping arapaho , cree , menominee - cheyenne , ' core central ' , and eastern algonquian . i ' m not too familiar with what archaeological support there is for this idea , but i do know there is no archaeological support for siebert 's idea ( southern ontario looks to be historically iroquoian ) . ' ' having read a number of studies by witold manczak that seem to show pretty convincingly that the more conservative languages in a family are in and around the original homeland , and the more divergent ones on the periphery , i find siebert 's hypothesis much more convincing , though i know there are legitimate algonkianists who would side with ruhlen on this . . . . i ' ve been working on algonkian for well over twenty years and i consider siebert to be one of the best algonkianists we ' ve ever had . ' ' for my own part , it seems to me probably relevant to the prehistory of algonquian that blackfoot , arapaho - atsina , and mandan ( siouan ) and hidatsa ( siouan ) are all associated with cultures that practiced rather similar age grouping systems ( similar society names , system otherwise not found in north america ) , and are located close together in the middle missouri archaeological area and points north . this region was fairly uniform culturally c . 2000 bp , and i wonder if the culture then most widespead in the area - besant - may not be the source of age grouping practice . it might also be associated with algonquian language ( s ) , though that would be impossible to prove . i think the siouan groups must have arrived somewhat later , during the development of the subsequent middle missouri tradition , but the cheyenne seem to have a middle missouri connection , and perhaps the algonquian affiliation with the middle missouri region is older . . . anyway , if besant was largely algonquian , then the existing plains algonquian groups ( not a linguistic subgroup ) , may reflect a formerly stronger algonquian presence on the northern plains . ' ' as for the position of blackfoot , i am myself of the opinion that its grammatical system is algonquian , but its lexicon is not . i know cree ( central algonquian ) reasonably well , but blackfoot remains completely unintelligible to me , although the language looks very algonquian ( unlike , for instance , gros ventre , arapaho and cheyenne - these algonquian languages are just as unintelligible , but this can be attributed to some recent ( few hundred years ago ) radical sound changes . . . . but few of these studies deal with the place of blackfoot in a comparative light . i think , simply because it is possible only to compare blackfoot and algonquian lexically . actually there are few blackfoot words ( stems ) which the algonquianists are able to link with algonquian . in my opinion . . . it is a mixed language , with a few algonquian stems , but the bulk from an unknown and otherwise extinct language families . the blackfoot stems sometimes look like algonquian backslang ( such as the word for 'd og ' ; blackfoot imita ( ua ) , plains cree atim ) . otherwise it is just impossible that the grammatical system is so close to cree whereas the lexicon is so different . but probably few hardcore algonquianists would agree . ' references i was given were : denny , j . peter , 1991 . the algonquian migration from plateau to midwest : linguistics and archeology , in the papers of the twenty - second algonquian conference , ed . william cowan . [ mentioned by several respondents ] dryer , matthew s . 1992 . a comparison of the obviation systems of kutenai and algonquian , in william cowan , ed . , papers of the twenty - third algonquian conference , pp . 119-163 . ottawa : carleton university . goddard , ives , 1994 . the east - west cline in algonquian dialectology , in actes du vingt - cinqui ' eme congr ' es des algonquinistes , ed . william cowan , pp . 187-211 . ottawa : carleton university . [ evidently the most crucial recent work on the homeland question ] proulx , paul . a sketch of blackfoot historical phonology ijal 55 : 1 . proulx , paul . 1982 . "" the linguistic evidence for the algonquian - iroquoian encounter . "" in : approaches to algonquian archaeology . proceedings of the thirteenth annual conference of the archaeological association of the university of calgary , 1980 , pp . 189-211 . calgary : university of calgary . salzmann , zdenek , 1993 . language , culture and society , boulder , col . : westview press . [ contains a summary of siebert ] algonquian and iroquoian linguistics newsletter published quarterly through he department of linguistics , university of manitoba , winnipeg , canada . malcolm ross linguistics rspas australian national university canberra act australia 0200 .
",0
1379,"Subject: contrastive grammar www home page
 
 colleagues interested in contrastive grammar in general and contrastive verb valency research in particular might like to know that the university of gent 's contragram group ( which grew out of joint research projects of the departments of english , french , and dutch ) now has its own www home page . the url is : http : / / allserv . rug . ac . be / ~ dnoel / index . html the quarterly newsletter of contragram , which reports on the results of the group 's research and also contains other information of interest to contrastive grammarians , is now also available in a hypertext version through this home page . do check us out ! dirk noel contragram dept . of english university of gent rozier 44 b-9000 gent belgium phone : + 32 9 264 3789 fax : + 32 9 264 4179 e - mail : dirk . noel @ rug . ac . be
",0
1380,"Subject: www address of linguistics at unc
 
 information about the department of linguistics at the university of north carolina at chapel hill can be obtained from the department 's new world wide web homepage at http : / / www . unc . edu / depts / ling . html
",0
1381,"Subject: mt summit v
 
 dear linguists , being the organisers of tmi95 , we are often asked whether we have more information on the mt summit v . the best thing to do is contact the sema group in luxemburg , instead of brussels . the number is : + 352 . 40 00 83 - - bruno * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * bruno tersago tel : + 32-16 - 32 50 88 centre for computational fax : + 32-16 - 32 50 98 linguistics maria - theresiastraat , 21 e - mail : bruno . tersago @ ccl . kuleuven . ac . be b-3000 leuven ( belgium ) url : http : / / www . ccl . kuleuven . ac . be / ~ bruno / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
1382,"Subject: comparative method : n - ary comparison again
 
 some time ago , while we were discussing comparative linguistics , the question was raised ( by bill poser , i think ) of whether anybody ever claims in print that binary comparison is preferable to n-ary comparison . while i cited one reference at that time , i thought it might be still be of general interest to adduce one more , which has just come to my attention . in his attack on the theory that japanese is altaic ( and on altaic as a whole ) , janhunen 1992 argues that the odds of finding apparent matches simply by chance when japanese is compared to the four altaic languages / subgroups , viz . , turkic , mongolic , tungusic , and korean , are four times as high as are the odds of finding such spurious matches when japanese is compared to just one language , specifically korean ( which is singled out by janhunen because there has been a fair amount of work on japanese - korean comparison which ignored altaic ) . in other words , janhunen assumes that a 5 - ary comparison is four times as likely to produce matches purely by chance ( what i call ' false positives ' ) as is a binary comparison . this , needless to say , is a fallacy , but there you have it . janhunen , juha . 1992 . das japanische in vergleichender sicht . journal de la soci t finno - ougrienne 84 . 145-161 .
",0
1383,"Subject: 100
 
 martin vide ) ) ii international conference on mathematical linguistics icml ' 95 tarragona ( catalonia , spain ) november 2 - 4 , 1995 organized by rovira i virgili university at tarragona research group in mathematical linguistics and language engineering ( grlmc ) with the financial support of direccio general de recerca ( generalitat de catalunya ) 1st . announcement and call for papers icml ' 95 intends to become an open and broad scope forum for the presentation and discussion of current high quality research on mathematical models of natural language . the first conference ( icml ' 93 ) took place in tarragona on march 30-31 , 1993 . a derived volume has been published : c . martin - vide ( ed . ) , current issues in mathematical linguistics . north - holland , amsterdam , 1994 . topics will be grouped into five sections : 1 . foundations and methodological considerations . 2 . mathematical models for syntax . 3 . mathematical models for semantics . 4 . applications in natural language processing . 5 . varia ( phonology , computational complexity , learning , quantitative methods , etc . ) . the language of the conference is english . organizing committee carlos martin - vide ( chairman , tarragona ) joan busquets ( austin ) rosa maria hidalgo ( tarragona ) joan miquel ( barcelona ) rudolf ortega ( tarragona ) jesus vidal ( austin ) lectures they can be invited plenary 1 - hour lectures and free possibly parallel 30 minutes lectures . the travel and accommodation of invited speakers will be paid by the organizing committee . the distribution into both categories will take into account the relative value of each paper and the budgetary resources . interested people are invited to submit papers : by surface mail , or electronically , as either an unformatted ( plain text ) ascii file or as a latex file . they should send one copy of a camera-ready 2 - columns abstract of not more than 2 not-numbered pages . also , they must indicate the section into which their paper fits . submissions will be anonymously refereed , and the list of accepted lectures ( invited as well as free ) will be included into future announcements . authors will be notified of acceptance as soon as possible . timetable deadline for the submission of a paper ( 2 - pages abstract ) : september 30 , 1995 . the programme will be sent to all pre-registered participants on october 1995 . publications the book of abstracts will be available at the beginning of the conference . the organizing committee expects that a volume containing a refereed selection of submitted papers will be published after the conference . registration fees ( except for invited speakers ) until june 30 , 1995 general : usa $ 150 ( pesetas 19 . 500 ) students : usa $ 75 ( pesetas 9 . 750 ) after july 1 , 1995 general : usa $ 200 ( pesetas 26 . 000 ) students : usa $ 100 ( pesetas 13 . 000 ) fees include the free access to all sessions and one copy of the book of abstracts , and may be paid through a bank transfer to : account number : 2100-3233 - 2200104870 ( congress ) bank : caixa d ' estalvis i pensions de barcelona address : gran via de les corts catalanes , 521 , 08015 barcelona , spain please , send us a copy of your transfer . people from eastern europe can become free from registration fees and accommodation ( not travel ) if justified , in the opinion of the organizing committee . accommodation information will be sent to all pre-registered participants in due time . information and registration carlos martin - vide apartado de correos 32 . 077 08080 barcelona spain e - mail : cmv @ fll . urv . es fax : 34-77 - 55 . 95 . 97 registration form name : address : postal code : city : country : e - mail : fax : phone : signature : please , send this registration form , together with the copy of the transfer , to the above-mentioned address .
",0
1384,"Subject: intl congress of dialectologists
 
 dear linguists , i am posting this message for a colleague who does not have access to email . his question : does anyone know when and where the next international congress of dialectologists will be held ? many thanks , curt woolhiser department of slavic languages university of texas austin , tx 78713-7217 tel . : work : ( 512 ) 471-3607 home : ( 512 ) 302-0718 e - mail : cfwoolhiser @ mail . utexas . edu
",0
1385,"Subject: language issues for southwest indian migrants
 
 is there any information available on people from the state of kerala ( speakers of malayalam ) who have migrated to other states / countries and the language issues that they face ? i ' m after any papers / research / etc on language behaviours ( ie code-mixing / switching , incorporation of non - malayalam lexemes / grammar , "" malglish "" ( malayalam & english ) or colloquialisms / slang that follow non - malayalam word conjunctions eg : andhi-thalla = dick-head ) and on language issues facing migrant malayalee communities ( ie language maintenance , language change etc ) . does anyone know of any good sources of information ? asha rajan centre for aboriginal studies curtin university of technology perth western australia australia "" as kingfishers catch fire , dragonflies draw flame "" ( gm hopkins )
",0
1386,"Subject: qs : serrano and hualapai
 
 i ' m cross-posting this to linguist and endangered-languages - l , so apologies if anyone gets two of these . * * * * * question 1 : serrano language ( in san bernardino , california , united states ) i have been searching without luck for anything regarding the serrano people and especially the serrano language . i ' ve been able to find out that there remains * one * speaker of serrano left , but have had no luck so far in contacting her . you know how that goes : a knows b , who knows c , whose aunt ( d ) is the last speaker . ( these are reliable people , so i feel confident that d speaks serrano ; d 's sister , who also spoke serrano , died recently . ) i live about a mile from the san manuel indian reservation . the people there are serrano , but most just know they are "" indian , "" they do n't know what "" tribe . "" at the tribal offices , the woman i spoke to was unaware that there had ever been a serrano language . the information i have so far comes from anthropology / archaeology people and linguists working at the morongo indian reservation ( cahuilla , in banning , california , united states ) . i ' m afraid that serrano will be history within the next couple of years . does anyone know where i might find information on the serrano language or the people who once spoke it ? * * * * * question 2 : hypothetical situation d , above , is the last remaining speaker of serrano . her serrano would be an idiolect , her personal serrano language . suppose i was able to capture all of her knowledge of the language before she dies and write a descriptive grammar which was then used by others to learn serrano , and the language survived . ( would n't it be nice if things worked that way ! ) would the original idiolect then be classified as a language ? dialect ? still an idiolect ? if serrano would still be an idiolect , since my understanding of the language would most likely be slightly different than d 's , would this be * my * ideolect , or * her * idiolect ? * * * * * question 3 : hualapai language ( in peach springs , arizona , united states ) soon , i will be moving to peach springs , arizona , to the hualapai indian reservation . i will be living there for about three months . the hualapai language is still widely used in peach springs ( still a small group of people though ) , and i am going to be doing a very intensive , crash course in hualapai ( two hours per day , every day , with two native speakers , as well as basic communication with other people outside my "" learning "" time ) . by the end of my stay , i hope to be able to communicate with others , but i ' m pretty sure i won't completely master the language in that short amount of time . my "" official job "" is setting up and fixing the computer network for the school there , but i will also be developing some computer applications in hualapai ( as opposed to an english language interface like we are used to seeing ) . i will also be working with the two native speakers to produce a few books written in hualapai . in addition to these books , i am going to try to translate some public-domain children 's classics , for example _ the wonderful wizard of oz _ , to help me with learning the language , as well as providing great stories for the kids there . i also plan on writing a journal of my learning of the hualapai language ( adult l2 acquisition study ) . i am a self-taught , amateur linguist - - i . e . , i read a lot and pester people with questions . the only formal education i have is a 10 - week course in ( english ) language acquisition by children . my question is , is there any interest outside the hualapai reservation for the software , books , or journal ? the books will be printed and we will need to know how many copies to print ( i . e . , just for use at the school , or extras for other people , too ) . a new edition of the hualapai grammar has been finished ( the old edition is 8 - 1 / 2 x 11 , 575 pages ; i have n't seen the new one yet ) , but not gone to the printers yet , and a dictionary is in the making . the software and journal can be duplicated as needed , but the books can be printed with title vii funds ( government money ) if they are for use at the school only , but we will have to make other funding arrangements if the books are to be sold to people outside the school . is anyone interested ? * * * * * fyi i developed a font for typing in hualapai . it is * not * intended to be a general-purpose , one-size - fits-all font , it is intended to allow rapid typing in hualapai . the font is a times typeface . currently , i have truetype and postsrcipt versions for ibm-pc compatible computers , and in the near future , macintosh versions of truetype and postscript fonts will be available . the sil ( summer institute of linguistics ) and a couple of sites in germany have offered me space on their ftp computers for the font . any other ftp sites would be appreciated . when i get the fonts uploaded , i ' ll post addresses to the lists . the font is "" postcard-ware , "" i . e . , it is free , but you have to send us a postcard from your hometown . : - ) * * * * * as is usual , i will post summaries of answers to my questions to the list if there is sufficient interest . thanks for wading through this long-winded message . chuck coker cjcoker @ csupomona . edu ccoker @ igc . apc . org
",0
1387,"Subject: q : ' this ' and ' that '
 
 dear linguists : some present-day ' european ' languages have only one set of simple demonstratives and the opposition of < this > vs . < that > is expressed by the help of < here > and < there > : french ceci ' this ' ce livre-ci ' this book ' cela ' that ' ce livre-l ` a ' that book ' swedish det ha "" r ' this ' den ha "" r bilen ' this car ' det da "" r ' that ' den da "" r bilen ' that car ' estonian see siin ' this ' see maja siin ' this house ' see seal ' that ' see maja seal ' that house ' my sweidish - german dictionary ( stora tyska ordboken ) gives < der hier > and < der da > as colloquial ( familia "" r , umgangssprachlich ) german forms which conrrespond to < den ha "" r > and < den da "" r > , respectively . how common is a demonstrative system like this ? incidentally , japanese has a rather sophisticated three-way distinction here : kono hon ' this book ( you see here ) ' sono hon ' that book ( you see there ) , the book ( under discussion ) ' ano hon ' that book ( you see over there ) ' so i ' m afraid i will have to convince my students that the japanese are extravagant even in the way of using demonstratives . kazuto matsumura kazuto matsumura kmatsum @ tooyoo . l . u-tokyo . ac . jp - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - institute for cross - cultural studies ( tooyoo gengo ) faculty of letters , university of tokyo hongo 7 - 3 - 1 , bunkyo - ku , tokyo 113 japan tel . + 81 - 3-5800 - 3754 fax : + 81 - 3-5800 - 3740 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
1388,"Subject: analysis of rap data
 
 dear linguists , some time ago , there was a message posted to the list about the linguistic analysis of data from rap music lyrics . would anyone pursuing this line please get in touch with dr . alexandra vella , university of malta , on : avella @ unimt . mt thank you very much . martin zammit institute of linguistics university of malta
",0
1389,"Subject: need : word order classifications
 
 i have been working on a paper about vennemann 's theory of natural serialization and am currently working on applying it to the current status of languages . i have in mind to compile a list of all european languages , stating which basic word order they have and how consistent they are . is there already such a list anywhere , and if where ; and if not , where could i retrieve this data from ? would it be "" fairer "" to vennemann if i did n't limit myself to european languages ? any help would be greatly appreciated . thank you , mic ps : i hope i have selected the appropriate group . please correct me if i am mistaken !
",0
1390,"Subject: gb - based grammars of english
 
 does anyone know of any work being done on pedagogically-useful descriptions of english grammar from the perspective of the gb framework ? library shelves are full of 60 's - era tg grammars of english , compiled with various aims in mind . most current work in gb does not seem very language specific , and this is understandable given the aims of gb , but is there language-specific work being done by someone , or must i continue to use grammars with jazzy disco-looking fonts and pictures of linguists on the back covers with sideburns and bellbottoms ? tony wright < twright @ accdvm . accd . edu > st . philip 's college san antonio , texas , usa
",0
1391,"Subject: judging at eisteddfodau
 
 i would like information on award-giving at eisteddfodau , particularly from someone who has taken part in a number of them . please respond directly to me : ormsby @ servidor . unam . mx diolch am fawr . * * * * * + + + + + * * * * * harold ormsby l . centro de investigaciones y estudios superiores en antropologia social ( ciesas ) mexico ormsby @ servidor . unam . mx
",0
1392,"Subject: re : syldavian tutorial
 
 jacques guy 's grammar of syldavian is of course a very welcome contribution to the understanding of that seldom investigated language . however , one could n't help being slightly disappointed that it did not contain a translation of the longest text ( and only one , as far as i know ) which has survived in this ancient language . i refer of course to the page of the 14th cent . manuscript which is reproduced in "" le sceptre d ' ottokar "" ( p . 21 ) , and which goes approximately thus : pir ottokar du ~ s pollsz ez ko "" nikstz dan tronn eszt pho ma ~ ozeilla ~ cza "" ida ~ o "" n estca ~ r akpu ~ kzommetz pakkeh o lapza ~ da ko "" nikstz itd o alpu ~ klo "" ppz staszrvitchz erom szu ~ bel o "" . da ~ zsbick ta "" llta o "" pp o ca ~ rro "" . can we have a chapter 2 ? guy deutscher
",0
1393,"Subject: ' de proverbio ' news
 
 hi , i have some news regarding ' de proverbio ' and i intend to keep it brief for everybody 's sake . in april the book publisher has been separated from the journal and has now its own direct url , that is http : / / info . utas . edu . au / docs / flonta / dpbooks this month i have published there the ' book of proverbs ' ( bible ) in five languages : latin , english , french , german and italian . each chapter of one language is cross-referenced with the same chapter of all the other languages . you are welcome to have a look . . . and , as there are more than 1 , 400 links in the five books , i would be grateful for any information regarding faulty ones ! i started ' constructing ' the second issue of the journal , which is due in september - october . you might be interested to read an illuminating article written by wolfgang mieder about the proverbial rhetoric in winston churchill . you can access the article directly at http : / / info . utas . edu . au / docs / flonta / dp , 1 , 2 , 95 / churchill . html or via the home page . that 's all from me for the moment . thank you for your indulgence and i hope to hear from you from time to time . ciao and best wishes , teodor dr teodor flonta tel . ( 002 ) 202321 department of modern languages ( italian ) international + 61 02 202321 university of tasmania fax . ( 002 ) 207813 gpo box 252c international + 61 02 207813 hobart tasmania 7001 australia e-mail : teodor . flonta @ modlang . utas . edu . au url : http : / / info . utas . edu . au / docs / flonta / http : / / info . utas . edu . au / docs / flonta / dpbooks
",0
1394,"Subject: new list : arcling
 
 we are happy to announce the establishment of arcling , an e-mail listserver which exists to promote discussion on the interface between archaeology / prehistory and language , conceived in the broadest terms . an additional focus of the list is inter-relations of archaeology and language with ancient dna studies and comparative anthropology . subscribers are urged to post questions , ideas , notices of new findings , conference and workshop announcements , book titles or reviews that relate to these disciplines or related matters . this list was mooted at the language , anthropology and archaeology symposium of world archaeological congress - 3 in new delhi in december 1994 . malcolm ross ( malcolm . ross @ anu . edu . au ) is the primary list owner , doing maintenance and coordinating policy . roger blench ( rmb5 @ hermes . cam . ac . uk ) and matthew spriggs ( spriggs @ coombs . anu . edu . au ) are the secondary list owners , also involved in any policy decisions . to subscribe to the list , send a message to listproc @ anu . edu . au with text as follows : subscribe arcling your name note that arcling also has a digest option , so that you may receive a ( roughly ) daily digest of its messages . some people prefer this , as a busy list can swamp one 's incoming e-mail and be a nuisance . to set this option , subscribe as above , then send a message to listproc @ anu . edu . au with text as follows : set arcling mail digest malcolm ross , roger blench & matthew spriggs .
",0
1395,"Subject: new discussion list
 
 content - length : 2153 subscriptions are invited to the following list . l o w l a n d s - l lowlands - l is an automated worldwide electronic mail list for those who are interested in the languages and cultures of the lowlands adjacent to the coast of the north sea and of baltic sea ( hereafter ` ` lowlands ' ' ) . lowlands - l uses listprocessor at the university of washington ( seattle , u . s . a . ) . the primary focus of lowlands - l is on the germanic languages and their cultural environments that developed and remain in the lowlands ( dutch , frisian , low saxon [ low german ] ) as well as those that descended from these languages or from their predecessors and are used elsewhere ( afrikaans , emigre dutch / frisian / low saxon , lowlands - based pidgins and creoles , and also english and scots ) , thus "" west germanic "" languages except ( high ) german , yiddish , and related varietes . however , other languages and their cultural environments may be discussed if it is relevant to the lowlands context . the basic goals of lowlands - l : - to facilitate global communication and collaboration among those who are interested in lowlands languages , cultures and related topics - to promote and facilitate research and teaching of lowlands languages and cultures - to promote the use of lowlands linguistic and cultural data in general research and publications - to support efforts to protect , revive and advance endangered lowlands languages or language varieties - to pay attention to minority lowlands languages and cultures , including those that are being denied official recognition - to serve as a forum for exploring common and diverse features of lowlands languages and cultures - to provide opportunities to enjoy and enhance mutual intelligibility among lowlands languages in multilingual exchanges - to strengthen linguistic , cultural and social ties among users of lowlands languages , their descendants and their friends to subscribe to lowlands - l please send the following message to listproc @ lists . u . washington . edu : subscribe lowlands - l { your name } * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * e n d * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
1396,"Subject: gls 1995 schedule ( updated 1 / 19 / 95 )
 
 updated 1 / 19 / 95 ( includes session times ) * * * * * * * * * * the georgetown linguistics society presents gls 1995 : developments in discourse analysis february 17-19 , 1995 georgetown university , washington d . c . * * * * * * * * * * * * conference schedule * * * friday , february 17 * 2 : 00 - 3 : 30 colloquium : developments in signed language discourse part i ( coordinator : melanie metzger ) * ruth morgan the interplay of place and space in a namibian sign language narrative * kathleen wood negotiating literate identities : life stories of deaf students * susan m . mather adult - deaf toddler discourse will the real author please stand up ? : exploiting the speech of others * richard buttny talking race on campus : reported speech in accounts of race relations at a university campus * akira satoh reported speech in english and japanese : a comparative analysis * joyce tolliver evidentiality and accountability in literary narrative 3 : 45 - 5 : 15 colloquium : developments in signed language discourse part ii ( coordinator : melanie metzger ) * tina m . neumann figurative language in an american sign language poem : personification and prosopopoeia * scott liddell and melanie metzger spatial mapping in an asl narrative : examining the use of multiple surrogate spaces * elizabeth a . winston spatial mapping in comparative discourse frames in american sign language political , intellectual , institutional identities * anna de fina pronominal choice , identity and solidarity in political discourse * charlotte linde other people 's stories : third person narrative in individual and group identity * karen tracy the identity work of questioning in intellectual discussion prior discourses and the structure of classroom interaction * mary buchinger bodwell "" now what does that mean , ' first draft ' ? "" : adult literacy classes and alternative models of editing a text * deborah poole the effects of text on talk in a class-room literacy event * myriam torres why teachers do not engage in co-construction of knowledge : a critical discourse analysis 5 : 30 - 6 : 30 plenary speaker : roger shuy 6 : 45 - 7 : 45 plenary speaker : deborah schiffrin 8 : 00 - 11 : 00 reception * saturday , february 18 * 9 : 30 - 10 : 30 plenary speaker : heidi hamilton 10 : 45 - 12 : 45 colloquium : developments in conversation analysis : oh , what , or , pardon ( coordinator : maria egbert ) * paul drew ' what ' ? : a sequential basis for an ' open ' form of repair initiation in conversation ( and some implications for cognitive approaches to interaction ) * maria egbert the relevance of interactants ' eye gaze to the organization of other-initiated repair : the case of german ' bitte ? ' ( ' pardon ? ' ) * anna lindstrom ' or ' - constructed inquiries as a resource for probing the relevance of prior talk in swedish conversation * john heritage ' oh ' - prefaced responses to inquiry privileged views in media discourse * gertraud benke news about news : textual features of news agency copies and their usage in the newsproduction * debra graham racism in the reporting of the o . j . simpson arrest : a critical discourse analysis approach * ian hutchby arguments and asymmetries on talk radio * joanna thornborrow talk shows and democratic discourse interactional explanations for patterns of variation * scott fabius kiesling using interactional discourse analysis to explain variation * sylvie dubois the coherent network of effects on discourse humorous faces * nancy k . baym humorous performance in a computer-mediated group * diana boxer and florencia cortes - conde teasing that bonds : conversational joking and identity display 12 : 45 - 2 : 45 theme lunch 2 : 45 - 4 : 45 negotiating authority and status * cynthia dickel dunn the language of the tea teacher : shifting indexical ground in a japanese pedagogical context * lena gavruseva ' what is this drivel about garages ? ' : the construction of authoritative self in the cover letter discourse * geoffrey raymond the voice of authority : sequence and turn design in live news broadcasts * hideko nornes abe discourse analysis on distal and direct styles of japanese women 's speech narrative structures across languages * viola g . miglio tense alternations in medieval prose texts * asli ozyurek how children use connectives to talk about a conversation * marybeth culley rhetorical elaborations of a chiricahua apache comic narrative genre * bethany k . dumas complex narratives in ozark discourse competing discourses and dominance * tony hak ' she has clear delusions ' : the production of a factual account * catherine f . smith democratic discourses * john clark standard and vernacular : persuasive discourse styles in conflict * kathryn remlinger keeping it straight : the socio-linguistic construction of a heterosexual ideology in a campus community 5 : 00 - 7 : 00 colloquium : discourse and conflict ( coordinator : christina kakava ) * faye c . mcnair - knox discourse and conflict in african - american english womantalk : patterns of grammaticalized disapproval in narratives * christina kakava evaluation in personal and vicarious stories : mirror of a greek man 's self * patricia e . o'connor ' you can't keep a man down ' : positioning in conflict talk and in violent acts * laine berman life stories from the streets : homeless children 's narratives of violence and the construction of a better world discourse influences on syntactic categories and structures * jennifer arnold the interaction between discourse focus and verbal form in mapudungun * rajesh bhatt information status and word order in hindi * paul hopper discourse and the category ' verb ' in english interactional construction of cognitive understanding * pamela w . jordan and megan moser multi - level coordination in computer-mediated conversation * claudia roncarati repetition and cognition in the information flow : a case-study in brazilian portuguese database * andrea tyler and john bro examining perceptions of text comprehensibility : the effect of order and contextualization cues 7 : 15 - 8 : 15 plenary speaker : charles goodwin * sunday , february 19 * 9 : 30 - 10 : 30 plenary speaker : frederick erickson 10 : 45 - 12 : 45 colloquium : frames theory and discourse ( coordinator : janice hornyak ) * janice hornyak personal and professional frames in office discourse * susan hoyle negotiation of footing in play * carolyn kinney the interaction of frames , roles and footings : conversational strategies of co-leaders in a long-term group * yoshiko nakano interplay of expectations in cross-cultural miscommunication : a case study of negotiations between americans and japanese * suwako watanabe framing in group discussion : a comparison between japanese and american students interpreting , challenging , evaluating gender * jennifer curtis contestation of masculine identities in a battering intervention program * keller s . magenau more than feminine : attending to power and social distance dimensions in spoken and written workplace communication * keli yerian professional and gendered identities in the discourse of two public television directors * donna trousdale social languages and privileging : gender and school science discourse discursive enactments of cultural ideologies * isolda carranza stance - making in oral interviews * shari e . kendall religion and experience : constructed dialogue , narrative , and life story in religious testimonies * agnes weiyun he stories as interactional resources : narrative activity in academic counseling encounters * orla morrissey discourse analysis as an evaluation methodology for technology assessment in pre-competitive r and d environments 12 : 45 - 2 : 15 lunch 2 : 15 - 3 : 45 computational approaches to discourse analysis * megan moser and johanna d . moore an approach to the study of discourse cues * yan qu a computational approach for automatically extracting discourse rules * donald lewis theme and eventline in a classical hebrew narrative : a computer-assisted analysis conversational moves * c . antaki , f . diaz , a . collins participants ' orientation to footing : evidence from conversational completion * peter muntigl saving face in argument : an analysis of face-threatening disagreements * martin warren how do conversations begin and end ? fine - tuning conversation * hiroko spees how aizuchi ' back channels ' shape and are shaped by the interaction in japanese conversations * toshiko hamaguchi manifestation of shared knowledge in conversation * yrjo engestrom discursive disturbances as bridge between the micro and the macro : evidence from activity-theoretical studies in collaborative work settings 4 : 00 - 5 : 00 plenary speaker : deborah tannen * * how to contact gls 1995 * * please send registration and requests for information regarding special discounts on airfare , accommodations , and transportation to the georgetown linguistics society : gls 1995 internet : gls @ guvax . georgetown . edu georgetown university bitnet : gls @ guvax . bitnet department of linguistics voice : ( 202 ) 687-6166 479 intercultural center washington , d . c . 20057-1068 regularly updated information is available through the world - wide web georgetown linguistics home page : http : / / www . georgetown . edu / cball / gu _ lx . html * * registration * * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pre-registration form for * * gls 1995 * * please complete and print this form or provide the required information on another sheet of paper and mail to gls 1995 , georgetown university , department of linguistics , 479 intercultural center , washington , d . c . 20057-1068 name : affiliation : mailing address : e - mail address : phone number : registration fee . please remit the appropriate registration fee in the form of a check or money order made payable to "" georgetown university "" : student non - student preregistration ( through feb . 10 ) $ 20 . 00 $ 30 . 00 on - site registration $ 30 . 00 $ 40 . 00 attendance needs ( ) american sign language interpretation ( ) crash space ( first-come basis ) ( ) other ( please specify ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ end of announcement . please distribute as widely as possible . thank you .
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1397,"Subject: english parser
 
 logos corporation has a pretty good english semantico-syntactic parser ( tagger as a minimum ) incorporated in a machine translation product . we are going to package this as an independent unix - based software package for the institut fuer deutsche sprache in mannheim , germany , and quite possibily a copy of this might be made available to other researchers . this should be readysometime in the next monthor two , as i understand it . the parser dictionary has c . 40 , 000 entries . if interested , please send me a description of intended use , input format considerations , etc . and i ' ll pass it by the powers that be . if your usage would include parser ( tagger ) evaluation , error rates , error feedback , etc . , so much the better . bud scott
",0
1398,"Subject: going romance
 
 going romance 1995 please note that in the call for papers for going romance 1995 the e-mail adress is not correct . the correct address is : going . romance @ let . uva . nl excuse us for the confusion . the organising committee .
",0
1399,"Subject: direct working paper 21
 
 development of international research in english for commerce and technology direct direct working paper 21 is out now : thompson , g and guerra ramos , r ( 1995 ) ergativity in the analysis of business texts . aelsu , university of liverpool ( uk ) / cepril , catholic university of sao paulo ( brazil ) . it 's available on-line at : http : / / www . liv . ac . uk / ~ tony1 / direct . html printed copies cost 2 . 50 pounds sterling or 5 . 00 us dollars . requests should be sent to : mr a p berber sardinha aelsu university of liverpool po box 147 liverpool l69 3bx uk
",0
1400,"Subject: aaas ' 96
 
 announcement - - the american association for the advancement of science will meet in baltimore , md . february 8 - 13 , 1996 . section z - linguistics and the language sciences - - will hold its annual business meeting for all z affiliates and friends on friday , feb 9 , 7 : 30 - 10 : 30 pm . ( this is an early announcement so you can write it on your calendars . ) there will be a number of symposia sessions sponsored by our section which will be announced on the linguist net as soon as information is available . we once again urge all linguists to join the aaas - - the major science ' umbrella ' organization in the u . s . it took us many years to be recognized as a legitimate science ( which of course we have been ) and it is important that the number of affiliates for section z be increased dramatically . an application form follows . v . fromkin , secretary , section z american association for the m e m b e r s h i p advancement of science a p p l i c a t i o n po box 2033 marion , oh 43306-4133 name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please check one : address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with subscription to science city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ / / regular - $ 92 state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ / / full - time students : $ 50 ( payment must accompany order ) / / postdoc : $ 67 ( payment must accompany order ) without science : / / supporting member : $ 35 payment method / / check enclosed / / bill me later ( regular only ) primary affiliation : charge my / / visa / / mastercard section z - linguistics and the language sciences credit card # : check this box / / expiration date _ _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _ _ _ signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fast fax your order to : 202 842 1065 international and canadian rates ( with science sub ) are higher and are available upon request .
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1401,"Subject: url for iulc publications on www
 
 the publications list of the indiana university linguistics club is now available on-line as a world wide web page . it can be reached at the following url : http : / / ezinfo . ucs . indiana . edu / ~ iulc / there are two sections : summary of new titles and the publications list . important note : orders * cannot * be placed through www at this time . prepaid orders ( money order or check drawn on a u . s . bank ) are accepted by regular mail . thank you .
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1402,"Subject: 6 . 524 german affricates
 
 i may have missed some of the discussion on this matter when i was away for a couple of weeks , but i want to throw in one item if it has n't been in already . in english at least the phonetic distinction between a palatoalveolar afffricate and an alveolar stop + palatoalveolar fricative is patent and unproblematic . in pairs like catch it vs . cat shit ratchet vs . rat shit it is easy to hear the difference , even if the prosodic patterns are the same . in the first ( let 's call it / c ^ / case , the stop segment is not alveolar but palatoalveolar , and short , and the whole two-quality sequence is about the length of an initial voiceless stop ; in the second , let 's call it / ts / cluster , the / t / is more alveolar , a bit retracted but without as much laminal contact , and the length of the sequence is like the length of a cluster , i . e . the stop onset is not ' ovbershort ' , as it is in the first case . i wonder if the distinction in german is more or less the same ? roger lass university of cape town
",0
1403,"Subject: appel : euralex96
 
 content - length : 8234 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - seventh euralex international congress - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - european association for lexicography university of gothenburg , sweden august 13-18 , 1996 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - congress organizers martin gellerstam jerker j = e4rborg sven - g = f6ran malmgren kerstin nor = e9n lena rogstr = f6m - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - first circular & call for papers time and venue - - - - - - - - - - - - - the congress starts on the evening of tuesday , august 13 , 1996 , and ends on the morning of sunday , august 18 . = 20 the congress will be held in the faculty of arts building ( "" humanisten "" ) , situated in park surroundings in the southern part of central gothenburg . the plenary sessions will be held at the musicology building just across the park . the bus from landvetter airport ( twenty minutes from the centre of gothenbi ] urg ) stops at korsv = e4gen , a few minutes walk from the faculty building . contact addresses - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the following addresses should be used for all information : congress organizers euralex96 university of gothenburg department of swedish section of lexicology 412 98 gothenburg sweden fax : + 46-31773 44 55 ( "" att . euralex "" ) e - mail : gellerstam @ svenska . gu . se phone : + 46-317734544 ( gellerstam ) + 46-317734467 ( malmgren ) + 46-317734468 ( nor = e9n ) programme - - - - - - - - the euralex congresses bring together scholars , professional lexicographers , publishers and others interested in dictionaries of all types . the programme wil { include a workshop , plenary lectures , parallel sections of individual papers , computer demonstrations , a poster session , and social events for participants and their guests . the opening address will be given by sture alln , former professor of natural language processing at g = f6teborg university and permanent secretary of the swedish academy . topics - - - - - papers are invited on all aspects of lexicography but the principal topics of the congress are : 1 . computational lexicology & lexicography 2 . lexical combinatorics 3 . the dictionary - making process 4 . bilingual lexicography 5 . lexicographical and lexicological projects 6 . terminology and dictionaries for special purposes submission - - - - - - - - - submissions will be refereed by a panel of referees for each major topic ( see above ) , and the programme will be selected by the programme committee . individual presentations should be timed to last 20 minutes , followed by a ten-minute discussion period . there are no restrictions on the language of presentation , but it is not possible to offer interpretation . authors should send five copies of a six - to eight-page double-spaced preliminary version of their paper by october 1 , 1995 to the congress organizers at the address above . the first page should contain the title of the paper , name ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) and complete address ( es of author ( s ) , a 10 - line abstract of the paper , and ( in the top right corner ) the title of the topic panel to which the paper is submitted . authors whose papers are accepted will receive a style guide for the preparation of a camera-ready copy for the proceedings to be published immediately before the congress . important dates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 october 1995 deadline for receipt of abstracts by congress organizers 15 february 1996 despatch of notification of acceptance / rejection 15 april 1996 deadline for receipt of paper for inclusion in the proceedings demonstrations and exhibitions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - computer facilities will be available and presenters are encouraged to offer software demonstrations . there will be an exhibition of dictionaries and other reference books . intending exhibitors should contact the congress organizers . pre - euralex tutorial - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - there will be a pre - euralex tutorial on special field vocabulary . details will be announced later . referees panel ( the euralex board , the lexiconordica editorial committee and the local organizers ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - b . t . s . atkins , h . bergenholtz , h . b = e9joint , t . fontenelle , m . gellerstam , d . gundersen , r . hartmann , u . heid , j = f3n hilmar j = f3nsson , j . j = e4rborg , f . knowles , s . - g . malmgren , c . marello , w . martin , i . meyer , k . nor = e9n , o . norling - christensen , k . varantola = 20 programme committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - henri bejoint ( university of lyon , france ) , ole norling - christensen ( the society for danish language and literature , denmark ) , martin gellerstam ( university of gothenburg , sweden ) . registration - - - - - - - - - - - the registration fee is expected to be sek 2000 ( 275 dollars at the present rate of exchange ) for euralex members and sek 2200 for non-members . the registration fee covers the academic programme , all documentation , including the proceedings , lunches and coffee break refreshments , the congress excursion and all receptions . the congress dinner is not included . the guest fee , payable by guests of the congress participants is sek 800 . it covers the excursion and other other social and cultural events which form part of the programme . the fee for the pre - euralex tutorial is sek 500 . accommodation - - - - - - - - - - - - rooms have been reserved for congress participants in the following hotel c = ategories : first class hotel : single room per night sek 620 tourist class hotel : single room per night sek 400 student rooms : single room per night sek 250 student rooms have bathroom ( shower ) and shared kitchen facilities . the price is calculated on accomodation for five nights . all accomodations are within 15 minutes ' walk from the congress venue . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - to receive the second circular in august 1995 , please complete and return the enclosed form to the congress organizers ( see address above ) before 31 july , 1995 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - preliminary registration form for seventh euralex international congress university of gothenburg , sweden august 13-18 1996 to receive the second circular in august 1995 , please complete and return this form before 31 july , 1995 , to euralex 96 university of gothenburg department of swedish 412 98 gothenburg sweden name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telefax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telephone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . institution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please , tick one of the following alternatives o i wish to present a paper at the congress o i wish to present a poster at the congress o i do not intend to present a paper / poster at the congress accommodation preferences o first class hotel o tourist class o student 's room - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - information about the seventh euralex international congress can also be obtained via www : http : / / logos . svenska . gu . se / euralex . html - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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1404,"Subject: japanese conference
 
 content - length : 2956 - - - - - - - - - - x - sun - data - type : text x - sun - data - description : text x - sun - data - name : text x - sun - content - lines : 0 - - - - - - - - - x - sun - data - type : default x - sun - data - description : default x - sun - data - name : emailad x - sun - content - lines : 136 one-day conference for teachers of english to japanese students saturday the 24th of june 1995 to be held at : gyosei international college in the u . k . reading the conference will include plenary and option sessions on : the japanese education system and cultural differences japanese language teaching cross-cultural studies to elementary-level japanese students using projects and drama in language teaching with japanese students the jet programme teaching content courses to japanese learners gyosei international college in the u . k . is a japanese university situated in reading with approximately 370 japanese students and 55 academic staff , mainly from britain and japan . the staff in the languages department have a wide range of experience in teaching english to japanese learners in britain and in japan . please contact : maria leedham , languages department gyosei international college in the u . k . london road . reading , rg1 5aq . tel . no . 01734 310152 ext . 260 fax no . 01734 310137 ( please make further copies of this form if required . ) i would like to attend the conference on "" teaching english to japanese students "" and enclose a cheque for l35 payable to "" gyosei international college "" . please print clearly in capitals name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . institution : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . address for correspondence : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . daytime telephone number : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it would help us in making the option sessions more relevant if you could answer the following questions : have you ever taught japanese students yes / no if yes , at what level and for how long ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . have you lived in japan ? yes / no if yes for how long ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . are you planning to go to japan in the near future ? eg for the jet programme ? yes / no what are your particular areas of interest with regard to japanese culture and teaching japanese students ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do you require vegetarian food ? yes / no . do you have any other special dietary requirements ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please send this form together with your cheque to : maria leedham , languages department , gyosei international college in the u . k . , london road , reading , rg1 5aq . a receipt will be sent with a full programme and a map .
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1405,"Subject: tesol institute 1995 in venezuela
 
 tesol institute 1995 universidad de carabobo valencia , venezuela general information latin america hosts its first tesol institute at the university of carabobo in valencia . this city , located in a valley , has a tropical climate ranging from 23 to 32 degrees centigrade , that provides the opportunity to enjoy a permanent summer vacation . the coast , with its exotic beaches is half an hour away , and caracas , the country 's capital , an hour and a half drive . an elaborate highway system links valencia with other states and major cities . it enjoys the services of an international airport , linking it with the rest of the world . the university of carabobo was founded in 1892 . it offers programs through its 8 faculties , leading to both undergraduate and graduate degrees . the university through its english department at the faculty of education , has become a major center for preparing teachers for venezuela . participants will be exposed to rich and varied historical , sport and touristic attractions , such as the battlefield of carabobo , a horse racing track , an aquarium . in addition to the academic agenda , the ' 95 tesol institute will offer some interesting cultural events . typical venezuelan musical and dance groups , featuring the venezuelan harp and "" cuatro "" will delight everyone . handicrafts and indigenous artcrafts will be displayed . participants may choose to reside in private homes and thus have an opportunity to be part of the daily life of the city and its people . program two three-week sessions from july 17 to august 25 , offering over 30 course topics are scheduled to meet monday through thursday . participants may choose to attend courses for academic credit as offered by the university of carabobo or audit courses on a non credit basis . spanish language and cultural courses with academic credit will be offered to those interested in improving their spanish proficiency and knowledge of latin america . an enrichment program including conferences , workshops and seminars will be offered on fridays . there will be two conferences , as well as a book fair during the event . for more information about courses , registration procedures and tuition , please contact prof . emma miliani c / o ramon viggiani jet cargo international n0 m-510 p . o . box 020010 miami , florida 33102-001 fax : 58-41 - 428382 / 58-41 - 214092 cultural and social activities daily excursions will be offered to many cultural and touristic sights . in addition , during week-ends , day trips will also be planned to surounding beaches and towns . of particular interest will be the week-end trips to canaima , near angel falls , the highest waterfall in the world ; to morrocoy national park , very well known due to its wonderfull beaches ; and to los roques national park , a paradise for those who like snorkelling . tesol membership for more information about tesol membership contact : teachers of english to speakers of other languages 1600 cameron street , suite 300 alexandria , virginia 223134 - 2751 usa tel . ( 703 ) 836-0774 - fax ( 703 ) 836-7864
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1406,"Subject: june 1995 boolean conference
 
 the legacy of george boole 28th - 30th june 1995 university college , cork ( ucc ) ( 150 years old anniversary ) ireland , eu conference : this conference will open at 9 . 30 a . m . on wednesday , 28th june and close at lunchtime on friday , 30th june . we are at present finalising the programme for the conference , and awaiting titles of presentations . boole : boolean logic is a logic originated by george boole ( 1815-1864 ) at university college cork ( ucc ) ( then queen 's university ) in ireland in 1854 . his motivation was to develop a logic of human intelligence . speakers : g . k . batchelor ( cambridge university ) robert l . devaney ( boston university ) keith devlin ( st . mary 's college of california ) ivor grattan - guinness ( middlesex university ) theodore hailperin ( lehigh university ) desmond machale ( ucc ) john mccarthy ( stanford university ) roger penrose ( oxford university ) there will be an afternoon tour to places of boolean interest , and there will be a conference dinner on the thursday night in the aula maxima . ( ir 25 per person ) . the conference fee will be $ 30 ( ir 20 pounds ) for early registration before the end of may , or $ 50 ( ir 30 pounds ) for registration in june . this fee includes opening reception , lectures and coffee breaks . accompanying persons ' fee will be $ 15 ( ir 10 pounds ) . professor jim bowen , dr . donal hurley , professor desmond machale , lucette murray - committee . contacts : the ucc150 office ( e-mail ucc150 @ iruccvax . ucc . ie ) or donal hurley ( e-mail djh @ iruccvax . ucc . ie ) flights : from * * manchester * * , leeds / bradford , liverpool , london and midlands ( england ) on carriers such as aer lingus , british midlands , ryanair some direct flights from the usa ( boston ) and the continent !
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1407,"Subject: possessives
 
 i ' ve been away for awhile , but i just came back and checked my email , finding benji wald 's speculative comments on _ of 's _ constructions , dated may 20th , the linguist list . i just want to say one thing : way to go , benji ! ! i think it 's great that my question and summary can have led to such great and interesting ruminating on an admittedly poorly-understood area of the english language . as i wrote to another interested party , i hope that this whole thing has opened up a great big can of worms , the messier the better . i ' m just vindictive enough to love seeing formalist theories smashed to smithereens by real language data , and just crazy enough to love the chaos . i 'd love to see more comments put out on the list by anyone with even a passing interest in the matter and a few baffling examples they can't explain . just to further the matter a little , i 'd like to comment on something in benji wald 's article ? ( installment ? memo ? hmmm . . . . what do we call serial email things like this ? ) he wrote : > a friend of john 's ( inhale ) wife = ? ? one of john 's friends ' wife > > / and i ' m starting to dislike the last example on the right . / > > i do n't think position of inhale really helps , well , maybe if you > know whether i ' m asthmatic or not ( is that how you spell it in > english ? ) > also note in passing that another irregular plural can take a bow for > doing something useful , > > one of john 's wife 's friends vs . one of john 's wives ' ( ? ? es ) friends > > cntr . one of john 's significant other 's ( / others ' ( ? ? es ' ) friends > > ( and once again : yeah , but if you say it . . . ) > > but then again , what 's the difference between : > one of john 's friends ' ( . . . ) wife and one of john 's friends ' > wives > ( i mean given current anglophonic customs ) , except that we can > formally reduce the latter to > one of the wives > but not the former to > one of the wife > / that 's why i do n't like "" one of john 's friends ' wife "" / i think i understand why he does n't like _ one of john 's friends ' wife _ - - it 's because it sounds funny if we have the abbreviated phonological form [ . . . djanz frenz wayf ] . but , if we add in another / z / to "" friends ' "" , it seems to sound better ( even more so with modification ) : 1 ) one of john 's long-time friends 's [ frenz . z ] wife is evil . however , 2 ) the wife of one of john 's ( long-time ) friends 's is evil . sounds better than either to me . but here 's something for the experts . in sentence ( 2 ) above , i feel an almost irresistable urge to steal the final / z / from "" friends 's "" and put it on "" john 's "" , which would leave the sentence : 2 ' ) the wife of one of john 's 's [ djanz . z ] long-time friends is evil . which , funny as it looks in print , is the most grammatical-sounding sentence so far , as far as i ' m concerned . in ( 2 ' ) , the wife has to be the friend 's , of course , and not john 's , so why is "" john "" able to get the / z / ? signed , another ( happily ) flustered linguist .
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1408,"Subject: re : 6 . 775 , syldavian tutorial
 
 there is one ( at least ) translation of the oldest syldavian text , which our first tutorial ommitted . ihave waited to long to refer interested readers to my sources , but it is an inevitable work for those interested as much in syldavian as in bordurian . it comes from frederic soumois ' dossier tintin : sources , versions , themes , structures , jacques antoine , 1987 . it shows how much herge used brussels french and flemish roots in every language he "" devised "" in his works . for example , pace guy who adopted herge 's own suggestion of translation of "" eih bennek , eih blavek "" by "" qui s ' y frotte s ' y pique "" ( roughly , "" whoever rubs himself against it will get stung by it "" ) , it looks more like dutch "" hier ben ik , hier blijf ik "" , meaning "" here i am , here i stay "" . the translation soumois proposes for the xivth century manuscript goes approximately like this ( i won't bother to go into the etymological details , and i won [ t try to reproduce the original text : "" father ottokar , thou art then king of [ the city / poland ? ] , then the trone is for me "" . that one says to the other : "" come get the sceptre "" . and the king stroke staszrvich with the sceptre , and the nanny-goat [ ? ] fell on the floor / was left on the field . "" i also recommend , as an example of l2 morphology , the excellent passage in borduria that one can find in the french version of "" the calculus affair "" ( l ' affaire tournesol ) , unfortunately absent in the english version , and hopefully to be found again in the german version , if i can get it ( and probably not in the chinese version ) . there are also short passages of linguistic interest in destination moon and explorers on the moon , and , for arumbaya , in tintin and the broken ear . any useful or absolutely useless information welcome . richard desrochers
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1409,"Subject: etymo-dicts
 
 i ' m amazed and shocked that in his 2nd summary of etymological dictionaries , se rme 's again failed to mention under caucasian ( or anywhere else ) the incomparab le ( or is it incompatible ? ) : g . a . klimov . etimologicheskij slovar ' kartvel 's kix jazykov . 1964 . moskva : izdatel 's tvo akademii nauk cccp ( i mean sssr ) . [ etymological dictionary of the kartvelian languages - all four of them ! ]
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1410,"Subject: sum : mongolian - g -
 
 some weeks ago i posted a query as to the historical source of an epenthetic / g / , which appears between certain stem-final and suffix-initial vowels in mongolian . only sergej krylov knew about mongolian specifically , and his message appears below . > some remarks about the epenthetic / g / in mongolian . > as far as i know : > 1 ) in "" hard "" words it is not phonetically / g / , it is a > fricative sound ( written phonetically as the greek "" gamma "" ) . > in "" soft "" words it is / g / . ( note that the traditional terms for > "" hard "" and "" soft "" words are "" back "" and "" front "" recpectively , > but at least for khalkha the terms "" hard "" and "" soft "" are > preferable ) . > 2 ) historically it was not an epenthesis . on the contrary , in > proto - mongolian there was no long vowels , and between the > short vowels corresponding the modern mongolian "" morae "" > ( halves of the long syllables ) there was "" g "" . the old mongolian > script shows it rather clearly . then this "" g "" became > "" weakened "" between vowels , and then it was fully omitted , > and instead of two syllables appeared two-morae ( that is , > long ) syllables . > but there were some phonological positions where there > were no elision of "" g "" , namely , where two sequences of the > type v + g + v followed after each other . that is : vgv - - ) vv - - > long v ; but vgv + vgv - - ) vvgvv - - > long v + g + long v ( it was before > suffixes with initial vgv ) ( unfortunately i do n't know how to > represent "" gamma "" and the transcriptional symbol of length in ) this e-mail system and have to write "" g "" and "" long "" ) . > as a result of this process , the modern mongolian > epenthesis appeared . > the direction of the diachronic sound changes do not > necessarily coincide with the direction of the sound > alternation viewed from the purely synchronic point of view . > the example with the mongolian epenthesis is one of the > examples for it . > if my remarks are not clear enough , i can explain it > separately . > sincerely yours , > sergej a . krylov > ursula doleschal ( ursula . doleschal @ wu-wien . ac . at ) > institut f . slawische sprachen , wirtschaftsuniv . wien > augasse 9 , 1090 wien , austria > tel . : + + 43 - 1-31336 4115 , fax : + + 43 - 1-31336 744
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1411,"Subject: neurophysiology and written language
 
 i would be grateful for references to recent research that would fall under the category of neurophysiology . does anyone know of studies on aphasic or other kinds of patients who are trying to recover fluency in the use of language by using computers to communicate with therapists , caretakers , or doctors ? the focus of this type of research should be on the strengthening of neural networks through the use of computers by sending and receiving messages . it could also involve performing specific types of exercises that stress writing as opposed to speech . your assistance will be greatly appreciated . please reply to sotillo @ apollo . montclair . edu
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1412,"Subject: chinese rhymes - - help needed
 
 i am doing a study of rhyming practices in popular chinese verses . unfortunately , some of the corpora are only in characters , and my ability to read these is very limited . i am wondering if there is anybody out there who can read mandarin fluently who would be interested in collaborating ? alexis mr
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1413,"Subject: call for data : please post
 
 text follows : new words in native languages : a call for data do you have information about newly coined words in a native american language ? would you be willing to share the information ? my name is laura roller . i am a graduate student under the direction of dr . elizabeth brandt in the department of anthropology at arizona state university . i am researching new words coined in native american languages ( including native hawaiian ) for their semantic content . this research is part of a larger project investigating native american language renewal . i am seeking examples of coined words , along with morphological and semantic analysis to assist me as a non-speaker . if you have this kind of information , i would like to hear from you ! participation is of course voluntary , and return of information will be considered your consent to participate in the research . you can contact me at laura . roller @ asu . edu . besides the initial contact , some follow-up questioning via e-mail or by telephone may be necessary . questions about the research design may be directed to dr . elizabeth brandt at brandt @ anthro . la . asu . edu .
",0
1414,"Subject: sum : ' this ' and ' that '
 
 dear colleagues : last week i sent a query to this list asking you about the fomral opposition between ' this ' and ' that ' in the demonstratives ( june 4 , 6 . 772 , qs : ' this ' , . . . ) . i have received 26 responses by now , and so think it necessary to compile a quick summary today as i will be away from tokyo for more than two weeks starting tomorrow . the original text of my query was as follows : some present-day ' european ' languages have only one set of simple demonstratives and the opposition of ( this ) vs . < that > is expressed by the help of ( here ) and < there > : french ceci ' this ' ce livre-ci ' this book ' cela ' that ' ce livre-l ` a ' that book ' swedish det ha "" r ' this ' den ha "" r bilen ' this car ' det da "" r ' that ' den da "" r bilen ' that car ' estonian see siin ' this ' see maja siin ' this house ' see seal ' that ' see maja seal ' that house ' my sweidish - german dictionary ( stora tyska ordboken ) gives ( der hier ) and ( der da ) as colloquial ( familia "" r , umgangssprachlich ) german forms which conrrespond to ( den ha "" r ) and < den da "" r > , respectively . how common is a demonstrative system like this ? incidentally , japanese has a rather sophisticated three-way distinction here : kono hon ' this book ( you see here ) ' sono hon ' that book ( you see there ) , the book ( under discussion ) ' ano hon ' that book ( you see over there ) ' so i ' m afraid i will have to convince my students that the japanese are extravagant even in the way of using demonstratives . though the last paragraph was intended as an allusion to the way japanese tourists spend money overseas , quite a few people , both japanese and non - japanese , took it seriously and tried to convince me that the japanese language ( sic ! ) was by no means "" extravagant "" because it was not alone in having a three-way distinction in the demonstratives . some even drew my attention to the existence of a language with a five-way distinction . i thank them for the examples of various demonstrative systems they sent me , but this is not the point i wanted to discuss . perhaps i should have stated explicitly that i was interested in the morphology of demonstrative pronouns / adjectives . it is very important that french , for instance , has one basic demonstrative pronoun-adjective , i . e . ( ce ) , on the morph-lexical level , and that the speaker of french may optionally add an element meaning either ( here ) or < there > in order to make finer distinctions ( ce livre-ci , cette table-l ' a ) . in japanese , however , there 's no single basic demonstrative pronoun-adjective like ( ce ) in french : the speaker of japanese must always choose one from the set of three lexically distinct demonstrative forms . this is a big difference , and puzzels many of my students in my estonian syntax class . here are the responses which i think have direct relevance to my interest : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i imagine that your posting was a bit abbreviated , so did not mention the swedish demonstratives denna / detta / dessa and den / det / de , which in any case are grammatically correct but not usual in conversational speech ( "" den tiden , "" "" det aaret , "" "" de fraagorna "" ) . one would expect danish and norwegian to be similar in this regard to swedish , but unfortunately i have little information to contribute . while danish does has both den / det / de and so on plus the option of adding "" der "" ( "" tag den bog , "" "" naer saa du de mennesker ? "" ; "" hvad er det der ? "" , "" jeg tager dem ( der ) "" ) , i ' m not certain whether usage is quite the same , that is , whether the "" den der "" forms predominate as they do in swedish . [ . . . ] certain dialects of american english do use "" this here "" and "" that there , "" as attested by the way schoolteachers warn their students not to use those expressions . they ' re nonstandard and are regarded as uneducated usages , though i suspect that they actually come from older dialects of british descent in which they were acceptable . - - brian white ( bfwhite @ watson . ibm . com ) - - the use of compund demonstratives is indeed common in my own mother tongue , norwegian , and i believe in all ' scandinavian ' languages , ie norwegian , danish and swedish . i feel that it is a feature of colloquial speech , and i would be surprised to find it in ( formal ) writing . in fast speech the distinction between the two demonstratives tends to be lost , at least in my own dialect ( bergen , western norway ) : den her bilen - - - - ) 'd enner bilen ' ( this car ) den der bilen - - - - ) 'd enner bilen ' ( that car ) moreover , norwegian ( and , i believe , swedish + danish ) has the distinctions : den bilen vs denne bilen ( that car vs this car ; masc . ) det huset vs dette huset ( that house vs this house ; neu . ) which seem to correspond closely to this / that in english , and are perfectly acceptable in written and spoken norwegian . - - gisle andersen ( gisle . andersen @ eng . uib . no ) - - as a native speaker , i would not really use ( der hier ) even colloquial , ( der da ) is possible , an would more likely contrast with < der dort > , which implies that ( der da ) goes along with < this > and not with < that > ! but in general : it is always a problem for native speakers of german to acquire the this / that distinction , as we do not draw the same boundaries . maybe , a more formal ( in terms of the register ) would be : ( dieses ) ( this ) and < jenes > ( that ) - - this it at least what i use in translations ( and also what my german / english dictionary advises me to do - but never trust a dictionary ) . actually , we do not use ( jenes ) very much , it goes along with very formal speech and maybe even old - fashioned . - - gertraud benke ( gertraud @ leland . stanford . edu ) - - english colloquially , esp . black eng . vernacular , uses ' this here ' and ' that there . ' ' this book here ' vs . ' this book there ' sounds perfectly normal , while ' this here book ' and ' that there book ' sound mostly like american english from the south-east portion of the u . s . - - tim beasley ( tbeasley @ ucla . edu ) - - you might be interested to know that many dialects of english ( appalachian us , and therefore some british dialects as well ) have a similar opposition to the one you ' re talking about : this here dog that there dog there is more than one demonstrative used , but the "" here "" and "" there "" seem to be relics of some old germanic usage . - - james kirchner ( jpkirchner @ aol . com ) - - in some dialects of british english ( i ' m not excluding other varieties but i do n't know them well enough ) ' this here ' and ' that there ' are perfectly acceptable eg ' look at this here postcard that she sent me ' ' pick up that there bucket ' these are normal in my dialect - - david britain ( dbritain @ essex . ac . uk ) - - there is another funny case . in colloquial english , you can say "" this here x "" and "" that there x "" . in greek , there is "" afto edho "" ( usually pronounced "" aftodho "" ) and "" ekino eki "" ( "" ekinoki "" ) with the same meaning . ( "" dh "" = postdental fricative ) - - stavros macrakis ( macrakis @ osf . org ) - - interestingly , afrikaans , as a dutch - based creole , has developed ' hierdie ' ( litt . ' here-that ' ) for ' this ' , whereas dutch itself has no such system , using simply 'd eze ' for ' this ' and 'd ie ' for ' that ' . - - henk wolf ( h . a . y . wolf @ stud . let . ruu . nl ) - - i am not sure i understand the question correctly , but in italian ( northern italian at least ) you can say questo qui - or - questo qua ( this here ) instead of "" questo "" quello li ' - or - quello la ' ( that there ) instead of "" quello "" these are both colloquial forms . i cannot really say whether they are used in other parts of italy . - - anna mazzoldi ( mazzoldi @ iol . ie ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - it seems that with a few execptions ( italian dialects , greek ) , the phenomenon seems characteristic of germanic languages and languages that have gone through strong germanic influence ( french , estonian ) . note incidentally that finnish , which is genetically closely related to estonian , is on the japanese side , and that a similar split seems to exist among the romance languages as well . interesting ? the others gave me examples of "" richer "" demonstrative systems . if you are interested in those data , please ask me for a copy of the file which contains all the responses in the unedited form . my hearty thanks to the following people who have responded to my query : philippe l . valiquette ( phlcvali @ vm1 . ulaval . ca ) gertraud benke ( gertraud @ leland . stanford . edu ) brian white ( bfwhite @ watson . ibm . com ) tim beasley ( tbeasley @ ucla . edu ) adriano paolo palma ( pyapp @ sun22 . ccunix . ccu . edu . tw ) james kirchner ( jpkirchner @ aol . com ) eugene loos ( eugene . loos @ sil . org ) murat kural ( izzyfk6 @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu ) derek gowlett ( gowlett @ beattie . uct . ac . za ) jeff allen ( jhallen @ indiana . edu ) merce ( prat @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk ) nino ( n . vessella @ agora . stm . it ) david beck ( djbeck @ uvvm . uvic . ca ) debra r west / markell ( markell @ afterlife . ncsc . mil ) anna mazzoldi ( mazzoldi @ iol . ie ) stavros macrakis ( macrakis @ osf . org ) gisle andersen ( gisle . andersen @ eng . uib . no ) david britain ( dbritain @ essex . ac . uk ) henk wolf ( h . a . y . wolf @ stud . let . ruu . nl ) kiyoko takahashi ( gc610817 @ netserv . chula . ac . th ) philippe mennecier ( ferry @ cimrs1 . mnhn . fr ) david parkinson ( dp11 @ cornell . edu ) anton sherwood ( dasher @ netcom . com ) ( nebiye . kurtboeke @ arts . monash . edu . au ) kirk belnap ( belnapk @ yvax . byu . edu ) geoffrey s . nathan ( geoffn @ siu . edu ) ( as of 09 : 30 jst june 8 , 1995 ) best wishes kazuto kazuto matsumura kmatsum @ tooyoo . l . u-tokyo . ac . jp - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - institute for cross - cultural studies ( tooyoo gengo ) faculty of letters , university of tokyo hongo 7 - 3 - 1 , bunkyo - ku , tokyo 113 japan tel . + 81 - 3-5800 - 3754 fax : + 81 - 3-5800 - 3740 , 5803-2784 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
1415,"Subject: mac parallel concordancer available
 
 before christmas i sent a message to the list about a mac concordance program called monoconc . that program is now available as monoconc . hqx from the ftp site at rice university . to retrieve the program , ftp to ftp . rice . edu and connect to the directory pub / ling . monoconc is a spin-off of another program i have been working on , which is paraconc . paraconc is a concordance program that works with parallel texts , i . e . , two texts ( translations ) that have been aligned so that sentence number n ( or linguistic unit n ) in language a is lined up with sentence n in language b . paraconc itself does not do any alignment ; hence the texts must be aligned manually ( i . e . , with a word processor ) or by using another program . once each text is loaded into the program , a search can be performed . as with monoconc , a word , part-of - word , or phrase can be entered . the program produces a numbered key-word - in-context concordance based on the occurrence of the search term in text a . a second window displays the sentences in text b that contain the translations of the concordance lines . the concordance lines can be sorted 1l or 1r and the results can be saved or printed . i am making paraconc available to the academic community as a standalone shareware program . i would be happy to receive corpora ( parallel or single ) in exchange . corpora for our use at rice university or for distribution to a wider community are all welcome . paraconc is available by ftp from ftp . rice . edu in the directory pub / ling . the program ( on a disk ) and manual can be purchased from athelstan ( 800-598 - 3880 ) . questions , complaints , and requests for different versions of the software can be sent to me . i am also interested in making contact with other linguists working or thinking about working with parallel texts for research and language teaching . michael barlow dept of linguistics rice university barlow @ ruf . rice . edu
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1416,"Subject: arizona and the web
 
 everybody : the url for linguistics at the university of arizona is now : http : / / radon . gas . uug . arizona . edu / ~ weinberg / index . html there is also now massive amounts of information describing just about every aspect of our undergraduate and graduate offerings , our programs , our faculty , etc . mike hammond
",0
1417,"Subject: fyi : hellenistic greek linguistics resources
 
 announcing : hellenistic greek linguistics on the internet [ with apologies for any multiple postings ] i am pleased to announce new resources designed to bring together scholars interested in the study of hellenistic ( including new testament ) greek linguistics . these resources include world wide web pages ( accessible with such programs as lynx , mosaic and netscape ) as well as a mailing list . as well as general discussion , the list ( which is archived on the web pages ) provides a forum for discussing the new reference grammar planned as a complete revision of blass , debrunner and funk 's standard work . the web pages include bibliographies and a ( newly started ) electronic archive of papers . to browse the web pages , go to the url : http : / / tartarus . uwa . edu . au / hgrk to subscribe to the mailing list , send a request to : jtauber @ tartarus . uwa . edu . au and to send a message to the entire list , write to : greek-grammar @ tartarus . uwa . edu . au please feel free to make enquires to jtauber @ tartarus . uwa . edu . au james k . tauber ( jtauber @ tartarus . uwa . edu . au ) 4th year honours student , centre for linguistics university of western australia , wa 6009 , australia
",0
1418,"Subject: case-marked locatives
 
 does anyone know about locative elements such as english _ there _ which are ( overtly ) case-marked , i . e . have a different form when used as subjects and objects ? if so , are there cases where the locative is also used as an expletive ( as in the english : _ there _ came a man ) ? please reply to me ( starke @ uni2a . unige . ch or the above one ) and i will post a summary , thanks michal starke .
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1419,"Subject: desparately seeking
 
 i am trying to get hold of a copy of a book reviewed in language last year : yolanda lastra ( 1992 ) sociolinguistica para hispanoamericanos . mexico city : el colegio de mexico none of the obvious people to get in touch with have answered my e-mail . does anyone on this list know how / where i can find this book ? even a snail-mail address for el colegio de mexico would be helpful . many thanks . david beck , university of victoria , canada djbeck @ uvvm . uvic . ca
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1420,"Subject: odd descriptions of character
 
 in discussing some old , and some contemporary , character descriptions given to people , i was wondering about some of their derivations . for instance , does anyone know of the origin and / or historical meaning of some of the following strange and humorous appellations ? nincompoop knucklehead blockhead nerd dweeb geek i expect some of the terms to have been fanciful phonological inventions ( such as in lewis carroll 's _ alice in wonderland _ ) , but others might actually be derived from meaningful ( even if pejorative ) references . if you have any input , i 'd like to hear it . thanks , michael beard wayne state university 73131 . 3101 @ compuserve . com
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1421,"Subject: fyi : url for cascadilla press
 
 cascadilla press now has their linguistics catalog available on the world wide web at http : / / www . shore . net / ~ cascadil / linguistics . html , including information on arboreal and the proceedings of the bu conference on language development .
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1422,"Subject: list of language lists version 1b
 
 the newest version of the list of language lists is now available by anonymous ftp from midir . ucd . ie in the directory / mgunn / everson michael everson , everson gunn teoranta 15 port chaeimhghein i / ochtarach ; baile a / tha cliath 2 ; e / ire * ireland gutha / in : + 353 1 478-2597 , + 353 1 283-9396 facsa : + 353 1 283-7778 27 pa / irc an fhe / ithlinn ; baile an bho / thair ; co . a / tha cliath ; e / ire
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1423,"Subject: home page for the journal language
 
 language , the journal of the linguistic society of america , now has a home page on the www . it can be found at the following address : http : / / semlab2 . sbs . sunysb . edu / language / language . html there is a link to it from the linguistics virtual library on the www . the home page contains a current style sheet for language , address information , and a table of contents for the forthcoming ( june ) issue . tables of contents for further issues will be added and updated as they become available . browsers are encouraged to send comments and suggestions for improvement to mkappus @ semlab2 . sbs . sunysb . edu
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1424,"Subject: swadesh list
 
 does anyone have a copy of the swadesh word list at hand ? i should like to get a copy by email as soon as is practicable . thanks in advance . adams bodomo bodomo @ csli . stanford . edu
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1425,"Subject: feminine-he , singular-they
 
 content - length : 8133 dear language scholars . i am presenting the following material as a discussion item . one of my ultimate purposes is to contribute to the revised oed due out in 2005 . for a paper i am currently working on , i ' m requesting comments and contributions . a summary will be forthcoming . feminine-he and singular-they mine is a new set of explanations for the two most regularly discussed grammatical oddities of english : indefinite / proverbial he and singular they . ( i will also touch on them and their . ) the orthodox view of pronoun history ( for she , they , them , their ) involves the north-to - south "" wave theory , "" as stated as early as 1866 by richard morris . it is the theory that is set forth in the oed and has never been questioned . the feminine h - stem , according to this accepted view , was displaced in the language in a wave of cultural diffusion when the feminine pronunciation began to approximate that of the masculine pronoun in the 12th and 13th centuries . the other pronouns discussed here also involved the north-to - south waves of diffusion . my contention is that the significant cause for the historical replacement of these pronouns ( except for the h - stem subject plural ) was the standardizing force exerted by the printing press - - it happened rather quickly - - not waves of cultural diffusion over centuries . in my analysis of the seventeen manuscripts of the a - version of piers plowman , the h - stem feminine is found with great regularity . how can this be explained ? in many lines , the occurrences in the manuscripts of h - stem feminines outnumber the sh - forms found in the same lines . many manuscripts use both forms . the manuscripts are copies of copies of copies . on the bases of the manuscripts that have been dated , i place the "" average "" manuscript within a few generations of the advent of printing . my explanation , perhaps the anglo - norman rulers had a predilection for a distinction in the masculine / feminine singular . while the folk generally used the bi-gendric "" egalitatian "" h - stem form in the vernacular , the more politically correct sh - form was preferred at oxford / cambridge , in proper social etiquette , and in writing when referring to a "" lady . "" when caxton began his enterprise , the sh - form ( as well as the others spoken of here ) became enforced as the correct form through the great power of the press . and the h - stem feminine remained known in the spoken language , alongside the sh - form , well beyond printing . it had not dropped from speech and become archaic by 1300 . when the "" prescriptive "" grammarians prescribed indefinite-he , this h - stem still carried in its semantic domain a bi-gendric reference . although the seventeen manuscripts of piers is my main corpus of evidence , there are various kinds of other evidence to support my theory for the late survival of the h - stem feminine in the colloquial of the middle ages . one of the more interesting is the existence of the h - stem feminine in gullah ( when and if west african origins are discounted ) . other supporting evidence can be found in various places in the oed . it is scanty and scattered , but nonetheless there . h - stem and sh - form feminines existed for centuries , side by side , as formal and informal , although , for sure , in many cases the distinction was lost . "" hi was a fair wifman "" is found in the mid - 14th century agenbite of inwyt ( i am currently translating this work ) . in it , the pronunciation of the feminine pronoun is the same as the modern masculine ! ( the vowel had not yet diphthongized ) . the supposition that this h - stem is a "" literary form , "" as suggested by the oed ( presumably this means copied in manuscript from an earlier exemplar ) is untenable because the agenbite was translated directly from french . i have extracted the pronoun paradigms from all the manuscripts of the a - version of piers . in addition to the great evidence for the wide use of the h - stem feminine centuries beyond its supposed demise , the h - stem plural ( although extremely rare ) can also be found ( in line prologue 63 it is used to satisfy alliteration ! ) . and in every manuscript of piers the h - stem obliques ( modern them and their ) are to be found ( often alongside the th - forms ) . and then , in a generation after printing , the h - stems for she , they , them , and their seem to vanish ! ! , at least from the written evidence . the h - stem feminine held wide currency in the colloquial of the middle ages and therefore , supported by other evidence , was not unknown to the prescriptive grammarians a few centuries later . the accepted theory that the h - stem feminine dropped from the language before 1300 , prior to the time the poem "" alysoun "" was written , is in need of revision . piers shows it to have been very much alive in the 15th century . an explanation for the replacement of the h - stem plural nominative by they , a replacement occurring earlier than the other pronouns in question , has never been proposed . would n't there have been pressure for some alternative to the oe h - stem subject plural as a result of the disappearance of the preterit plural during this period ? because the english verb lost its marker in the preterit for number , the h - stem plural ( which shared the same form with the feminine singular nominative ) became in some contexts ambiguous for number . a new form was needed . although a norse form may have reinforced it among northern speakers , there was a native singular form available from the same set of oe demonstratives that gave us the . the and they appear to be duplets . if this is so , then the singular morphology of they is in fact historical and has been alive in the colloquial for a very long time ! ! the , in oe a singular , developed as a singular / plural ( the car / cars ) , extended to the accusative , but lost its absolute ( stand-alone ) use . they , retaining the pronunciation of oe the , was restricted to the nominative , and became the unambiguous written plural by 1400 - - but in the colloquial it retained also its singular morphology . later , in regard to them and their , caxton used the th - forms as the unambiguous plurals because the h - stems for these pronouns had throughout england a tremendous diversity of forms . for example , in one ( written ) dialect her would be a feminine / singular / possesive , in another it would be an all-genders / plural / possesive . caxton needed forms that would be universally understood , hence the written th - form obliques replaced the h - stems in an historic blink of the eye - - not in a wave of cultural diffusion that coincidentally wafted through london at the time caxton set up his print shop . a well supported case can be made for the late survival of the h - stem feminine , into the 15th century , and hence a case for its cultural currency at the time of the prescriptive grammarians . if this is so , the exclusion of one gender from "" cognitive space "" would not apply , and hence the motives of these grammarians would have to be reassessed . if in fact the sapir - whorf hypothesis does apply to pronouns , then i invite comment to help me understand two facts . 1 ) that for two-thirds of the history of english the subject pronoun used to refer to a group of men / boys was a form that was identical to the feminine singular ; and 2 ) the expression by a pronoun of "" possessing "" something by men / boys was also for two-thirds of the history of english expressed by a form that was morphologically marked for feminine but not masculine .
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1426,"Subject: q : "" english only ""
 
 content - length : 1562 my recent query on wwi era suppression of german in iowa has brought up another issue . many in the linguistics field commonly use a term "" english only "" by which they mean a movement whose members ( many of whom are non-native english speakers ) refer to themselves as the "" official english movement "" . to me the term "" english only "" , possibly intentionally , implies a total ban on the use of any other language . the only proposed "" official english "" amendment i ' ve seen is the one proposed by the organization u . s . english . it stated very clearly that it was not to be construed as restricting the use of languages other than english in private life , daily business affairs , or in situations in which the speaker 's safety is at stake . i ' ve also seen polls , particularly from california , that claim that anywhere from 60 % to 85 % of various immigrant groups , that would be affected by such an amendment , actually favor one , in direct opposition to activist groups claiming to represent them . i can't imagine people favoring an "" english only "" amendment that would place a total ban on use of their native languages . leaving aside the blanket idea that "" life is politics , "" can anyone tell me of a recent case ( say , in the last 30 years ) in which a law that would completely ban use of languages other than english has come up for a vote somewhere in the u . s . ? i do n't think it 's impossible . i 'd just like to see one , if there have been any . james kirchner
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1427,"Subject: functions of language www home page
 
 content - length : 1277 the journal devoted to functional approaches to language , * functions of language * , now has its own 3w home page . the url is : http : / / allserv . rug . ac . be / ~ dnoel / folhome . html there you will find links to the journal 's statement of purpose , some notes for contributors , its style sheet , and the tables of contents of past and forthcoming issues . do have a look ! dirk noel contragram dept . of english university of gent rozier 44 b-9000 gent belgium phone : + 32 9 264 3789 fax : + 32 9 264 4179 e - mail : dirk . noel @ rug . ac . be
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1428,"Subject: 2nd issue contragram on www
 
 content - length : 1340 a hypertext version of the second issue of contragram , the quarterly newsletter of the university of gent 's contrastive grammar research group , is now available on the web . it can be accessed through the url http : / / allserv . rug . ac . be / ~ dnoel / index . html ) from the table of contents : corpus research and the patterns of ( french ) * pretendre * bilingual dictionaries and corpus research frequency data from corpus research : the case of ( dutch ) * beslissen * comments welcome ! dirk noel contragram dept . of english university of gent rozier 44 b-9000 gent belgium e - mail : dirk . noel @ rug . ac . be
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1429,"Subject: re : a * real * virus alert ( fwd )
 
 fyi about what looks like the real thing this time . cherilyn : ) - - - - - - - - - - forwarded message - - - - - - - - - - date tue , 6 jun 1995 09 : 43 : 50 - 0400 > from notes . wmyer @ a50vm1 . trg . nynex . com to : revwar @ unh . edu subject re : a * real * virus alert what is pkzip ? pkzip is the most common way of compressing computer files so they take up less room on a hard disk or less time to transmit over a data communications link . many people have , and use , this family of shareware products . pkware 's current legitimate version of pkzip is 2 . 04g . this , and earlier versions may be assumed to be safe . how is a trojan horse different than a virus ? the bogus pkzip products are files with pkz300 or pkz300b with either a . zip or . exe suffix . unlike a virus , these programs do not replicate themselves nor "" infect "" anything . they do their damage to that one pc that runs the trojan - horsed bogus program . it cannot spread , unless a person gives out a copy of the bogus program . . what happens if you use this bogus version of pkzip ? the unwary victim downloads the file from a bbs run by less than through operators . if the victim runs the . exe form of the bogus program , it erases the hard disk immediately . if the . zip form is downloaded and "" unzipped "" , the pkzip & pkunzip . exe programs will erase the hard disk when executed . special note to notes / lan admins : if a lan - attached pc were to run this trojan - horse type program , it would be safe to assume all the lan accessible files that can be deleted with the privileges of the logged-on user , will be at risk . note : no anti-virus packages guard against trojan horses . antivirus mechanisms guard against the pc & the pc operating system from being fooled . trojan horses fool the pc user . what you must do : inform all your technically astute pc users about this trojan horse , bogus pkzip version . tell them to beware . do not download or use any pkzip type programs from any bbs . until this situation wanes , all pkzip products brought into a pc are suspect . i have the honour and privilege to remain yr humble svt , walter h myer , major brigade adjutant brigade of the american revolution
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1430,"Subject: ape language
 
 the latest issue of the journal of nih research ( vol 7 , no . 1 jan . 1995 pp . 50-55 ) contains a short review article by pat shipman on human evolution . on the cover , the article is referred to as "" fading lines between apes and humans , "" but actually it is titled "" climbing the family tree : what makes a hominid a hominid ? "" . the discussion on linguistic abilities might be of interest to other subscribers to the linguist list . the author discusses kanzi and sue savage - rumbaugh 's 1994 book "" kanzi : the ape at the brink of the human mind , "" [ john wiley and sons , ny ] . according to savage - rumbaugh , kanzi does have a rudimentary grammar , can use displaced referents and arbitrary symbols ( in this case , icons or "" lexigrams "" on a computer ) . s - r thinks his ability equals that of a 2 year old child . in later section , the work of derek bickerton ( "" language and species , "" 1990 [ university of chicago press ] is summarized . bickerton admits that kanzi , other apes and young children use "" proto-language , "" but not full language because of the lack if grammatical elements . most of the rest of the section on language is devoted to broca 's area and cortical specialization . - - john
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1431,"Subject: latex and macintosh
 
 you ' ve already made up your mind , it seems , but i want to point out that there are four implementations of tex and latex for the macintosh , three shareware and one commercial . besides the very weak ( in my not particularly humble opinion ) wsuipa fonts , latex allows the use of adobe type 1 and type 3 ( "" postscript "" ) fonts , so that you can use the sil ipa fonts , or those available commercially from adobe ( times roman , stone sans serif and stone serif ) or ecological linguistics ( cf . the recent message from lloyd anderson ) . this is true whichever platform you decide to use . rich alderson
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1432,"Subject: program on indigenous languages of brazil
 
 a typo in my recent announcement about the specialization program on indigenous languages of brazil has been brought to my attention by several list members . the program intends to prepare linguists to do research on indigenous languages from brazil providing intensive training on methodologies for description and analysis of data as well as on the evaluation and reanalysis of published and unpublished materials on brazilian indigenous languages . it will take place between august / 95 and june / 96 in the national museum of the federal university of rio de janeiro . note that the application period was not correct on the previous posting . the correct date is july / 95 . for further information , please contact maia @ vms1 . nce . ufrj . br * exit *
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1433,"Subject: important re : 6 . 68 sum : american dialect society
 
 correction to the annoucements about american dialect socisty list ) or you may join by writing to : ) ) ads - l @ uga . cc . uga . edu ) ) and send the message : sub ads-l do not send this message to this address . that is the address of the list itself ; sending "" sub ads-l "" to it will simply explode that message out to all the members of the list , without subscribing the sender at all . the subscribe message should be sent "" listserv @ uga . cc . uga . edu "" . ads - l is an unmoderated group ; subscription requests will not be intercepted , and we can do without dozens of them shooting through to each member . ) ) the ads has also its own server : ) ) listserv @ uga . bitnet ) ) or ) ) listserv @ uga . cc . uga . edu this is of course where any administrative requests should be sent . jesse t sheidlower editor random house reference ( jester @ panix . com ) ( 212 ) 572-4917
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1434,"Subject: modern greek acquisition
 
 ursula stephany has just finished a long and detailed chapter on the acquisition of modern greek for volume 4 of _ the crosslinguistic study of language acquisition _ ( ed . dan i . slobin , scheduled for 1995 publication by lawrence erlbaum associates ) . contact her for an advance copy : e-mail : am001 @ aix370 . rrz . uni - koeln . de address : institut fuer sprachwissenschaft , universitaet zu koeln , d 5000 koeln 41 , germany . dan slobin ( slobin @ cogsci . berkeley . edu )
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1435,"Subject: 12th ichl , manchester , august 1995
 
 here is the revised programme for the twelfth international conference on historical linguistics , hulme hall , manchester , 13-18 august 1995 . please note new dialling codes and revised phone numbers at the university of manchester up to the time of the conference : + 44 ( 0 ) 161-275 3194 or 3042 ( phone ) + 44 ( 0 ) 161-275 3187 ( fax only ) conference e-mail address : ichl1995 @ man . ac . uk bookings are still welcome ( discounted price until 15 june ) : e-mail / phone for info . if you can't attend , you can still get the book of abstracts as a member of ishl ( 15 pounds subscription ) . delegates whose papers have been accepted are reminded that a few camera-ready abstracts are still awaited : send to arrive by 30 june at the very latest . in extremis , e-mail text is preferable to fax . the book of abstracts will be mailed with final circular on 10-11 july . conference programme : sunday 13 august trip to grasmere and dove cottage ( lake district ) registration monday 14 august 9 . 00 welcoming address 9 . 05 plenary : alice harris , the mechanism of syntactic change session 1 10 . 05 wolfgang wurzel , on the development of incorporating structures in german 11 . 00 carol chapman , a subject-verb agreement hierarchy : evidence from analogical change in modern english dialects 11 . 30 dieter kastovsky , morphological restructuring : the case of old english and middle english weak verbs session 2 10 . 05 dudley k . nylander , creolisation and the nautical jargon theory : synchronic and diachronic perspectives 11 . 00 jacques arends , the development of clause linkage in suriname creoles 11 . 30 adrienne bruyn , complex prepositional phrases in sranan : grammaticalisation , substrate influence or both ? session 3 10 . 05 paul newman , the history of negation in chadic 11 . 00 ton van der wouden , the development of marked negation systems 11 . 30 jack hoeksema , the story of _ ooit _ session 4 10 . 05 silvia luraghi , zero anaphora of the direct object in classical greek 11 . 00 anatoliy polikarpov & richard schupbach , age of a word in the evolutionary model of language 11 . 30 renate raffelsiefen , semantic stability in derivationally related words 12 . 00 plenary : ian roberts , markedness , creolization and language change session 1 2 . 00 peter hendriks , kakari particles and the merger of the predicative and attributive forms in the japanese verbal system 2 . 30 kaoru horie , the cognitive nature of grammaticalization of overt nominalizers in modern japanese 3 . 00 anthony aristar , nominal type and the grammaticalization of cases session 2 2 . 00 leonid kulikov , vedic causative nasal presents and their thematic counterparts 2 . 30 warnow , don ringe , ann taylor & levison , character - based reconstruction of a linguistic cladogram 3 . 00 a . t . c . fox , on simplicity in linguistic reconstruction session 3 2 . 00 jean - luc azra , historical apparition of phonemic french nasal vowels 2 . 30 j . a . van leuvensteijn , vowel variation and adaptation in 16th and 17th century holland : language problems for immigrants 3 . 00 paul m . lloyd , the "" invisible hand "" at work : phonemic change as a "" phenomenon of the third kind "" session 4 2 . 00 masayuki ohkado , verb ( projection ) raising in old english 2 . 30 ans van kemenade , topics in old and middle english negative sentences 3 . 00 susan pintzuk , postposition in old english session 1 4 . 00 wallace l . chafe , borrowing within polysynthetic words 4 . 30 marianne mithun , the legacy of recycled aspect session 2 4 . 00 harold paddock , a deconstruction of pie laryngeals 4 . 30 tim pulju , indo - european * d - , * l - , and * dl session 3 4 . 00 isabel forbes , twenty years in the life of french colour terms 4 . 30 andrei danchev , word - final / b / / d / / g / in the history of english session 4 4 . 00 young - mee yu cho , language change as reranking of constraints 4 . 30 bjarke frellesvig , some recent changes in the tonology of kyoto japanese 5 . 00 plenary : theo vennemann , sprachbuende and language families in prehistoric europe evening reception at residence of university vice - chancellor , professor martin harris tuesday 15 august session 1 9 . 00 april mcmahon , insertion and deletion sound changes modelled in three phonological frameworks 9 . 30 mario saltarelli , from latin meter to romance rhythm : a parametric account 10 . 00 elke ronneberger - sibold , restructuring the rules for stress assignment in german ? evidence to the contrary 11 . 00 seiichi suzuki , the decline of the foot as a mora counting unit in early germanic 11 . 30 rachel mines , a generative model of old english poetic meter session 2 9 . 00 william j . ashby & paola bentivoglio , preferred argument structure across time and space 9 . 30 nicholas ostler , the development of transitivity in chibchan languages of colombia 10 . 00 theodora bynon , why has ergativity developed only in indic and iranian ? 11 . 00 allan dench , comparative reconstitution 11 . 30 michela cennamo , late latin pleonastic reflexives and the unaccusative hypothesis session 3 9 . 00 grev corbett & norman fraser , network morphology , synchrony and diachrony : an approach to syncretism 9 . 30 concepcion company - company , the interplay between form and meaning in the evolution of spanish : the case of cannibalistic datives 10 . 00 joel rini , the vocalic formation of the spanish verbal suffixes _ - ais / - as , - eis / - es , - is , - ois / - os _ 11 . 00 herbert schendl , morphological variation and change : the emode indicative plural 11 . 30 christiane dalton , english deverbal adjectives before and after the "" french revolution "" session 4 9 . 00 martin ehala , how a man changed a parameter value : the loss of sov in estonian subclauses 9 . 30 sharon millarm , language prescription : a success in failure 's clothing ? 10 . 00 richard j . watts , the changing voices of english grammarians : an approach to historical discourse analysis 11 . 00 john hewson , tense and aspect in proto - indoeuropean and ancient greek 11 . 30 vit bubenik , the development of aspect from ancient slavic to modern bulgaro - macedonian 12 . 00 plenary : barry blake , verb affixes from case markers : some australian examples session 1 2 . 00 ricardo bermudez - otero , ambisyllabicity in english historical phonology 2 . 30 donka minkova , constraint ranking in middle english stress-shifting 3 . 00 c . b . mccully , word - level stress rules in english historical phonology 4 . 00 robert w . murray , quantity in early middle english : orm 's phonological-orthographic interface 4 . 30 john hutton , the development of secondary stress in old english session 2 2 . 00 william croft , bringing chaos into order : mechanisms for the actuation of language change 2 . 30 suzanne kemmer , analogy in syntactic change : the rise of new constructions 3 . 00 margaret winters & geoffrey nathan , bringing the invisible hand to cognitive grammar 4 . 00 attila dobo , gyori & iren hegedus , a cognitive-naturalist look at the connection between inflectional and derivational morphology 4 . 30 peter koch , cognitive aspects of semanic change and polysemy : the "" semantic space "" have / be session 3 2 . 00 d . nurse , change in tense and aspect 2 . 30 anju saxena , diverging sources of newer tense / aspect morphology in tibeto - kinnauri 3 . 00 carmen terzan - kopecky , kategoriale entfaltungsprozesse : das tempussystem des deutschen 4 . 00 christopher lyons , the origins of definiteness marking 4 . 30 harry perridon , is the definite article in jutlandic a borrowing from german ? session 4 2 . 00 paul sidwell , vowel height and register tone in mon - khmer languages : evidence for vowel colouring laryngeals 2 . 30 martha ratliff , language alignment within the hmong - mien ( miao - yao ) family 3 . 00 cigdem balim , syntactic change in turkic languages : karaim and gagauz 4 . 00 margaret sharpe , the evolution of alawa , a north australian language : internal and external evidence 4 . 30 ian greenm the grammaticisation of verb compounding in northern australia 5 . 00 plenary : aditi lahiri , pervasion , simplification and optimization in language change evening reception at manchester town hall wednesday 16 august session 1 9 . 00 kate burridge , recent developments in modal auxiliaries in pennsylvanian german 9 . 30 thomas f . shannon , pragmatics vs grammar : on the functional motivation for some word order changes in dutch vs german 10 . 00 anna giacalone ramat , on some grammaticalization patterns for auxiliaries session 2 9 . 00 xavier dekeyser , loss of proto-typical meanings in the history of english semantics 9 . 30 laurel brinton , the origin of epistemic parentheticals in english 10 . 00 nik gisborne , the subjectivisation hypothesis : counter-evidence from the history of subject-raising ` perception ' verbs in english session 3 9 . 00 denis dumas , variation between the french clitics _ y _ and _ lui _ : semantics vs morphology 9 . 30 pieter van reenen & lene schoesler , declension in old and middle french : two opposing tendencies 10 . 00 hava bat - zeev shyldkrot le verbe _ voir _ : le developpement d ' un auxiliaire en francais session 4 9 . 00 jan terje faarlund , the changing structure of infinitival clauses in nordic 9 . 30 susan clack , have and be in brythonic celtic 10 . 00 alan h . kim , is quantifier - floating in japanese a recent innovation ? contextual analysis of the nq construction in old japanese 10 . 30 poster session and coffee session 1 11 . 00 paul t . roberge , multilevel syncretism and the evolution of afrikaans periphrastic possessive with _ se _ 11 . 30 muriel norde , grammaticalization vs reanalysis : the case of possessive constructions in germanic session 2 11 . 00 michael barlow , anaphors , agreement and grammaticalization 11 . 30 anna siewierska , on the origins of the order of agreement and tense markers session 3 11 . 00 chris pountain , capitalization 11 . 30 christiane marchello - nizia , the status of very low-frequency data as evidence in historical linguistics session 4 11 . 00 fred weerman , syntactic effects of morphological case 11 . 30 eirikur rcgnvaldsson & hroarsdottir , the stability and decline of ov word order in the icelandic vp 12 . 00 plenary : susan herring , ) from nominal to verbal predication in old dravidian : the discourse roots of category change afternoon free evening reception , buffet and exhibition at john rylands university library irish pub crawl thursday 17 august 9 . 00 plenary : paul kiparsky , the development of ergativity session 1 10 . 00 merja kytoe & voutilainen , developing the english constraint grammar parser for the analysis of historical texts 11 . 30 jonathan hope , auxiliary _ do _ : stylistics as a key to understanding language change 12 . 00 sylvia adamson , the historical present in early modern english session 2 10 . 00 marc picard , morphophonemic change as a product of frequency 11 . 00 roger lass , when is a sound change ? on telling the story of / r / - loss and its friends in english 11 . 30 betty phillips , word frequency and lexical diffusion in english stress shifts session 3 10 . 00 bridget drinka , the development of aspect in indo - european : clues from chronology 11 . 00 lilly lee chen , the evolution of the verb _ shi _ ` to be ' in chinese 11 . 30 carol justus , lexical and auxiliary have in indo - european session 4 10 . 00 andreas blank , towards a new typology of semantic change 10 . 30 beatrice warren , what is metonymy ? 11 . 30 christian kay , homonymy revisited : a multifactorial approach 12 . 00 plenary : anthony kroch , the time course of language change session 1 2 . 00 thomas cravens & luciano giannelli , sociolinguistic disturbance of implicational sound change 2 . 30 terttu nevalainen & helena raumolin - brunberg , reconstructing the social dimensions of diachronic language change 3 . 00 joyce tang boyland , a corpus study of the history of the past counterfactual in english : a case of grammaticalisation ? session 2 2 . 00 monique dufresne , fernande dupuis & mireille tremblay , expletives and change in french : a morphological approach to diachronic syntax 2 . 30 josep fontana , the syntax of old spanish narratives 3 . 00 cecilia poletto , the diachronic development of enclitic subject pronouns in lombard dialect session 3 2 . 00 claudia parodi & karen dakin , hispanisms in american indian languages : evidence for old spanish phonological reconstruction 2 . 30 kimberley parsons , some constraints on the borrowability of syntactic features ( and why none of them work ) 3 . 00 edith h . raidt , a comparison of morphological changes in the dutch of postwar immigrants in south africa , and those in the cape dutch of the early 18th century session 4 2 . 00 henning andersen , a new frontier in slavic historical dialectology 2 . 30 maria manoliu - manea , ) from _ deixis ad oculos _ to discourse markers via _ deixis ad phantasma _ 3 . 00 anneli sarhimaa , syntactic parallels in russian and karelian : some methodological problems 4 . 00 business meeting 5 : 00 plenary : elizabeth traugott , the role of the development of discourse markers in a theory of grammaticalization time not yet assigned : john charles smith exaptation and the evolution of personal pronouns in the romance languages evening conference dinner at adlington hall friday 18 august workshops 1 . changes in numeral systems organiser : jadranka gvozdanovic bernard comrie language change and cultural change in haruai numerals jadranka gvozdanovic types of numeral changes james hurford modelling emergence of numeral systems by genetic algorithm carol justus pre - decimal structures in counting and metrology eugenio ramon lujan martinez how the indo - european numeral system evolved into decimal 2 . the rise and fall of complex sentences organisers : lyle campbell and alice harris there will be papers by lyle campbell , allan dench , andrew garrett and spike gildea . there will also be a general discussion session . 3 . the influence of the hansa and low german on european languages organisers : laura wright and ernst hakon jahr there will be papers by kurt braunmueller , anne haavaldsen , ernst hakon jahr , jim milroy , muriel norde and laura wright . saturday 19 august trip to haddon hall and chatsworth
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1436,"Subject: re : american - english in australia
 
 hello ! i ' m working on a thesis concerning attitudes toward america and the use of american - english by australia . i would be interested in hearing from anyone who has researched this field or who knows of recent research . i ' m particularly interested in the methods used to illicit or ascertain the use of target vocabulary ( eg . pharmacist vs chemist , candy vs lollies etc . ) if you can help , please email jmar2 @ mfs01 . cc . monash . edu . au an edited list of responses will be posted on the linguist list thank you , jessica marks = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = jmar2 @ mfs01 . cc . monash . edu . au
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1437,"Subject: parsers for russian
 
 this query was also posted to seelangs - - apologies in advance for redundancy . i ' m a doctoral candidate in slavic linguistics at the university of washington . this summer , though , i ' m interning at educational testing service in princeton , nj , where i ' m working with the natural language initiative headed by randy kaplan . as part of my summer project here , i wanted to look at parsers which people may have built for russian . anyone know where i could find some to look at , or know someone who would know ? suggestions for reading on non - english language parsers are also welcome . thanks in advance for any information , lisa frumkes lfrumkes @ ets . org
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1438,"Subject: corpus software
 
 i ' m about to computerize a sociolinguistic corpus of spoken french and english . i would be grateful to anybody who could give me some information about concording and text retrival softwares . i ' m using a macintosh micro-computer . thanks . . . louise charbonneau - lloyd
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1439,"Subject: summary : half a day
 
 dear readers , many thanks to all respondents ( 51 ) who sent replies to my query about time phrases and native-speaker judgments . there were too many replies to acknowledge individually . many of you asked for a summary , so here goes . # # = strongly preferred , # = good , ? = awkward , x = bad , yuck the figures following each phrase give the number of votes cast in each category . they do n't all add up to 51 because some respondents ( rs ) expressed only their first preference . # # # ? x 1 the family spent . . . . . . . in ipswich . a . a day and a half 24 26 0 0 b . one and a half days 1 31 7 7 c . thirty-six hours 1 29 6 9 this makes [ a ] a clear winner , but for many rs [ b ] and [ c ] are acceptable , too , depending on context . comments : a . implies enough time to socialize ; implies most of sunday spent in ipswich , leaving at noon on monday b . implies ipswich was part of a series of visits ; implies an overnight stay ; part of a list ; stilted c . military / aeronautical ; whirlwind tour ; every moment packed with feverish activity ; at a conference - one and a half days spent on syntax ; working under time pressure ; airplane layover / waystation ; ok for negative experiences ( flu / jail ) . ( i take it a ' layover ' is us for british 's topover ' , or maybe it 's a stopover with a visit to a girlfriend ? ) 2 . it took me . . . . . . . . to write the book . a . six months 16 34 0 0 b . a half-year 0 10 9 25 c . half a year 3 44 1 1 while there is a preference for [ a ] , [ c ] is not far behind . [ b ] is problematic . comments : a . feels shorter ; not as much effort required as ' half a year ' b . suggests an academic half-year ; yuck , unnatural ; sounds non-native or british ( from american rs ) ; sounds american ( from british rs ) ; ok in financial contexts - a half year is either the first or second half , not an arbitrary 6 month period c . sounds longer than six months ; emphatic , with stress on ' year ' - 3 we ' ll be leaving in . . . . . . . a . half an hour 6 44 0 0 b . a half-hour 2 24 10 11 [ a ] wins . [ b ] splits people into two roughly equal camps . comments : b . sounds formal ; awkward ; funny ; sounds normal - we ' ll be leaving inna haf our ( from now ) . 4 tom worked for . . . . . . . . . in a lab a . a year and a half 13 37 1 0 b . one and a half years 0 32 6 7 c . eighteen months 3 39 6 0 while [ a ] wins , the other two are n't so far behind . comments : a . least exact . b . more exact ; part of calculation ( eg for pension ) ; stilted ; fussy . c . most exact ; emphasizes duration ; ok for children 's ages upto two years ; ok in contexts where precision is required ; suggests tom was less involved in the job ; maybe a temporary job . using months for time greater than a year , and hours for time greater than a day makes the time seem more rushed ; half an inch is ok but not half a foot , but half a yard is ok if bying cloth even though we do n't normally speak of half a yard . the overall impression that i get is that context and pragmatic considerations determine which lexical item will be acceptable in any given slot , and even then there is considerably more tolerance for some expressions than i would have thought possible / probable . three rs said all eleven phrases are 100 % ok . i have n't given details of rs ' background / nationality etc , since not all rs gave me details . however , about three-quarters of replies came from the usa . i hope this has been of some interest . many thanks for your response . roger maylor dept of linguistics and english language university of durham , uk
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1440,"Subject: sum : moo sites
 
 about a week ago , i posted a query about language moo sites . i have received several responses so far , which i now post as a summary . i thank the following people , who kindly responsed : jonathan cardozo , dorine s . houston , janice cook , kristina harris , and phoenix lundstrom , and susan simon . the moo and mud sites for foreign languages are : moo sites french : moo francais telnet logos . daedalus . com 8888 italian : little italy moo telnet ipo . tesi . dsi . unimi . it 4444 $ b ! k ( b latin : mugit at pennmoo telnet ccat . sas . upenn . edu 7777 spanish : mundohispanno telnet kong . syr . edu 8888 english : schmooze university telnet arthur . rutgers . edu 8888 multi : moosaico telnet moo . di . uminho . pt 7777 mud sites german : morgengrauen telnet mud . uni-muenster . de 4711 swedish : svenskmud telnet bodil . lysator . liu . se 2043 the following www addresses are particularly useful for obtaining information about moo . http : / / babel . uoregon . edu / yamada / interact . html http : / / tecfa . unige . ch / edu-comp / dujvre / vol1 / no1 / education _ moos . text http : / / www . cs . bsu . edu / homepages / siering / moo . html http : / / www . daedalus . com / net / mootips . html http : / / www . itp . berkeley . edu / ~ thorne / moo . html http : / / www . peg . apc . org / ~ firehorse / mmm / mmm . html http : / / www . pitt . edu / ~ jrgst7 / moocentral . html http : / / www . scs . unr . edu / homepage / kristina / language . muds . html http : / / babel . uoregon . edu / yamada / interact . html here are some of the messages i received : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - to : takizawa < g44409a @ nucc . cc . nagoya-u . ac . jp > learners of english can meet one another and esl / efl teachers at schmooze university to get there , telnet to arthur . rutgers . edu 8888 at the welcome screen ( an arch with a cow at the left ) type connect guest the next screen guides you to choose a name by which you will be known at schmooze . after that , type @ gender m / f ( to indicate whether you are male or female finally , type @ describe me as < message - - whatever you wnat to say about yourself > then you can type map to see your way around , or you can type classroom to be teleportedto a moo - learning environment . to talk to people , type "" before each utterance , and you will be heard . to find out who else is on the moo , type @ who and a list will appear , to talk to one of thepeople on the list type page < name > < "" message > ( note starting with "" the owners are archy are mehitabel . helpful teachers are colega , gregor , paul ( who is in japan ) , tearose , gumby , fiver , holiday , sarah . sarah is very young - - good with students , as is holiday . moondo hispano is a spanish site . telnet to io . syr . edu 8888 use the command connect guest to get in and the same instructions as apply for schmooze u . helpful people include colega , tearose ( both also on schmooze ) , alfonso _ diez , marisol , josechu , diego . i know and participate in some others that are n't specifically language-learnin g oriented . but the above are designed especially for language learners . cheers , dorine dorine houston temple university philadelphia , pa v2188g @ temple vm or v2188g @ vm . temple . edu - - - - - - - - - - the following is from archivist for tesl - l - - - - - - - to : naohiro takizawa < g44409a @ nucc . cc . nagoya-u . ac . jp > tesl - l has a reference file that you might want to look at . send the command get moo file tesl - l f = mail in a message addressed to listserv @ cunyvm . cuny . edu moo site addresses are in there somewhere . yours , susan simon stscc @ cunyvm . cuny . edu archivist for tesl - l - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - thank you very much once again for your help ! sincerely , naohiro takizawa faculty of language and culture , nagoya university furo - cho , chikusa - ku , nagoya 464-01 , japan e - mail : g44409a @ nucc . cc . nagoya-u . ac . jp phone : + 81 - ( 0 ) 52-789 - 4197 ( office )
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1441,"Subject: summary : verb-particles
 
 many thanks to all of you who responded to my request for references on phrasal verbs / particles . i have n't had time to track down the details of some of the leads i got , but i have most of them , and since i ' ll soon be leaving town for much of the summer , had best post what i have . i ' ll find the rest when i get back . here it is , and thanks again . the respondents ; bas aarts , hans broekhuis , andrew carnie , richard dearmond , stig eliasson , larry gorbet , olaf koeneman , steve matthews , geoff nathan , douglas ol iver , haj ross , joanna rubba , goerel sandstroem , robin schafer , michael b . smith , tim stowell , bob wachal , debra yeager . the references aarts , bas 1989 . verb - preposition constructions and small clauses in english . journal of linguistics 25 . 277-290 . aarts , bas . 1989 . small clauses in english : the non-verbal types . berlin : mouton de gruyter . brugmann , claudia . 1981 . the story of over . ma thesis , university of california , berkeley . carnie , andrew , heidi harley , and elizabeth pyatt . 1994 . old irish : a double derivative of vso . paper presented at flsm and celtic linguistic s conference , ucd . dagut , menachem & batia laufer . 1985 . avoidance of phrasal verbs : a case for contrastive analysis . studies in second language acquisition 7 , 73-79 . dearmond , richard . a paper on www , which i have n't yet managed to access , but here 's the address ; someone may have better luck : http : / / saunders . ling . sfu . ca / den dikken , marcel . 1995 . particles . oxford university press . gold , elaine . paper or ma thesis on yiddish . gueron , jacqueline . 1986 . clause union and the verb - particle construction in english . nels 16 . hawkins , john . 1994 . a performance theory of order and constituency . cambridge university press hoekstra , teun and rene mulder . 1990 . unergatives as copular verbs : locational and existential predication . the linguistic review 7 . 1-79 . hulstijn , jan h . & e . marchena . 1989 . avoidance : grammatical or semantic causes ? studies in second language acquisition 11 , 241-255 . studies in second language acquisition 11 , 241-255 . kayne , richard . 1985 . principles of particle constructions . in j . gueron , h . - g . obenauer , & j . - y pollock , eds . grammatical representation , 101-140 . dordrecht : foris . koopman , hilda . 1991 . the verb-particle construction and the syntax of pps . ms . ucla . laufer , batia & stig eliasson . 1993 . what causes avaoidance in l2 learning : l1-l2 difference , l1-l2 similarity , or l2 complexity ? studies in secondlanguage acquisition 15 , 35-48 . lindner , sue . 1981 . a lexico - semantic analysis of english verb - particle constructions with up and out . ucsd dissertation lindner , sue . 1982 . what goes up does n't necessarily come down : the ins and outs of opposites . in k . tuife , r . schneider and r . chametsky , eds . papers from the 18th regional meeting of the chicago linguistic society , pp . 305-323 . longman dictionary of phrasal verbs . 1983 macpartland , pamela . 1989-90 . cuny graduate center dissertation neeleman , ad . 1994 . complex predicates . phd diss , utrecht university . neeleman , ad and fred weerman . 1993 . the balance between syntax and morphology : dutch particles and resultatives . nllt 11 . 433-476 oxford dictionary of current idiomatic english . 1975 stowell , tim . 1981 . origins of phrase structure . mit dissertation . svenonius , peter . 1994 . dependent nexus : subordinate predication structures in english and the scandinavian languages , ph . d . dissertation , ucsc .
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1442,"Subject: job - - c / lisp , kr , nl : austin , tx
 
 cycorp is seeking enthusiastic , highly-motivated multi-talented people for positions in software development , ontological engineering , and natural language processing . each of these involves working with and extending the cyc technology - - an immense , broad , multi-contextual knowledge base and inference engine which our group has developed over the last eleven years . cyc already contains a useful selection of fundamental human knowledge : facts , rules of thumb , and heuristics for reasoning about the objects and events of modern everyday life . cyc enables a multitude of knowledge-intensive products and services which could revolutionize the way in which people use and interact with computers , and cycorp is dedicated to making this happen . to date , cyc has made possible ground-breaking pilot applications in the areas of heterogeneous database browsing and integration , captioned image retrieval , and natural language processing . we are looking for a few individuals to join us in this challenging enterprise . software development ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - o c applications programming expertise ( unix , macintosh , pc ) o preferably some common lisp programming experience o database theory and application development ( oracle , db2 ) o formal logic ( predicate calculus ) and deductive theorem proving o inference engine design , implementation , and maintenance ontological engineering ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - o facility with formal logic ( predicate calculus ) o preferably some background in ai , esp . knowledge representation o programming ability is a plus , but not required natural language processing ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - o familiarity with nl parsing theory ( including statistical and / or corpus-based parsing methods and other methods ) o experience in designing , building , and extending parsers o facility with predicate calculus , and some knowledge of mathematical methods in linguistics o familiarity with linguistic theory , esp . morphology and syntax ; knowledge of pragmatics and / or discourse theory a plus o ability to think procedurally and concretely ( thus , programming skills would be a plus ) for immediate consideration , send your resume and a cover letter to : doug lenat cycorp , inc . 3500 west balcones center drive austin , texas 78759 fax : 512-338 - 3858 e-mail : doug @ cyc . com cycorp is an equal opportunity employer
",0
1443,"Subject: synthetic compounds
 
 on sat , 3 jun 1995 , the linguist list wrote : > date : sat , 3 jun 1995 01 : 37 : 59 - 0500 > from : the linguist list < linguist @ tam2000 . tamu . edu > > to : hmanders @ indiana . edu > subject : forwarded mail > > > from stampe @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu fri jun 2 14 : 02 : 50 1995 > return - path : stampe @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu > received : from relay1 . hawaii . edu ( relay1 . hawaii . edu [ 128 . 171 . 41 . 53 ] ) by tam20 00 . tamu . edu ( 8 . 6 . 12 / 8 . 6 . 12 ) with smtp id oaa16738 for < linguist @ tam2000 . tamu . ed u > ; fri , 2 jun 1995 14 : 02 : 47 - 0500 > received : from uhunix3 . uhcc . hawaii . edu ( [ 128 . 171 . 44 . 52 ] ) by relay1 . hawaii . edu with smtp id < 11438 ( 5 ) > ; fri , 2 jun 1995 03 : 00 : 10 - 1000 > received : by uhunix3 . uhcc . hawaii . edu id < 148528 > ; fri , 2 jun 1995 09 : 00 : 29 - 1 000 > from : david stampe < stampe @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu > > to : linguist @ tam2000 . tamu . edu > in - reply-to : < 199506021008 . faa11257 @ tam2000 . tamu . edu > ( message from the lingu ist list on fri , 2 jun 1995 00 : 08 : 49 - 1000 ) > subject : re : 6 . 758 , sum : synthetic compounds > message - id : < 95jun2 . 090029hst . 148528 @ uhunix3 . uhcc . hawaii . edu > > date : fri , 2 jun 1995 08 : 59 : 51 - 1000 > status : ro > content - length : 1036 > > heather marie anderson ( hmanders @ indiana . edu ) compares agentive > compounds to choose between ( 1 ) the theory "" that the surface form of > synthetic [ compounds ] will differ as much as possible in ordering and > affixation from the corresponding vp "" , and ( 2 ) the theory that they > simply follow vp order . > > in the languages she cites , support for the theory ( 1 ) comes mostly > from languages that have relatively recently changed the order of verb > and object , but not the order of compounds , e . g . all the germanic > languages listed ( v o < o v , compounds ov ) and finnish ( same ) . there > are similar examples ( with mirror image ordering changes ) in the munda > languages of india , which had word order changes v o > o v , but retain > their old compound order vo , and in fact also retain it even in finite > verbs and objects which are incorporated ( compounded ) . > > are there examples of opposite ordering of verb phrases and compounds > that could not be explained as due to the lag of morphological change > behind syntactic change ? > > david stampe > univ . of hawai ` i > >
",0
1444,"Subject: re : 6 . 793 , qs : mohawk , russian , banning of german i . mel ' cuk
 
 3 ) date : tue , 6 jun 1995 01 : 44 : 22 - 0400 from : jpkirchner @ aol . com subject : q : german banned in iowa i ' ve recently received a message from a man who claims that during world war i , the use of german and other languages was made "" illegal "" in the state of iowa by decree of the governor . this is very interesting to me , since my own family 's stories of anti - german discrimination in michigan at that time are limited to a snide remark or two about our surname . below is the relevant part of the man 's message . can anyone vouch for the veracity of what he says ? james kirchner ) here in iowa where i grew up most household language was a > foreign language the early part of this century . the public ) schools were english of course . my uncle went to a local ) "" german "" school which was a parochial school . it was ) necessary because all the german lutheran church liturgy and > bibles were in luther 's german so the plattdeutsch speaking ) people had to go to school to learn it . world war i ended that . > the iowa governor issued a proclamation banning the speaking ) of any foreign language in public places . phone operators were ) instructed to pull the plug on any non english telephone ) conversations . party line patrons were to hold the telephone ) receiver up to the mouth piece so the resulting whistling ) would interfere with non english speech . all modern language > instruction was dropped from school curriculums . a blow ) from which the school system never really recovered . ) newspapers published reports of people arrested on the ) street for speaking german . this was a real hardship on older > immigrants . all german language newspapers were ) suppressed . our rural county had german papers at one time . ) in fact the editor of one was once elected the county ) treasurer . this day and age it is all somewhat embarrassing . i > stumbled on to the fact that the state of iowa organized what ) amounted to a secret police agency . the state formed an ) agency whose purpose was to investigate acts of disloyalty . ) they were given the power to levy fines and imprison people ) for the duration of the war without benefit of trial . america 's > active participation was relatively short lived so the agency ) was not around long . it would make an interesting research ) paper sometime if any records still exist . this happened in several midwest states . the issue reached the supreme court in the early 20 's in the case "" meyer vs . nebraska "" , the court ruled against nebraska , effectively eliminating the laws . frank anshen dept of linguistics state u of ny stony brook , ny 11794
",0
1445,"Subject: romanizations
 
 i am looking for references for "" linguisitcally minded "" and / or standard romanizations to be used to produce orthographies of the following languages : arabic cantonese korean farsi hindi tamil all characters used in the romanization must be found on a standard keyboard . there needs to be a mapping between the original orthography and the romanization - - the romanization can contain more linguistic "" smarts "" than the original orthography . i ' ll post a summary of responses if it seems appropriate . so far i ' ve been looking at : arabic : for arabic if have been looking at the romanization used in the "" english - arabic conversational dictionary "" by richard jaschke , which claims to be "" one of the best pocket guides to arabic ever published "" cantonese : lshk ( linguistic society of hong kong , 1993 ) ( i ' m leaning toward this one . . . ) sidney lau korean : hangul ( i like this one . . . anyone ever had any negative experience with it ? ) farsi : i do n't have much for this but a little book called "" colloquial persian "" by leila moshiri . hindi : no reference , but i have made what i think may be a decent romanization . . . is there a standard ? none of the native speakers in my neck of the woods seems to know of one . . . tamil : pretty empty here . . . . .
",0
1446,"Subject: re : 6 . 797 , comparative method : n - ary comparison
 
 content - length : 1653 i , too , had noted that there seemed to be two notions of comparison here , but unlike scott delancey i did not assume that there we should distinguish between comparison for the sake of building a reconstruction and simply for the sake of determining possible relationship . to my mind , the numbers that jacques guy posted demonstrate , not the weakness of n-ary comparison , but its strength : if we are looking at a grouping of languages of which we are uncertain of relationships , and the number of potential n-way cognates is as low as random chance would dictate , then the likelihood is against their being closely-enough related to pursue reconstruction . i think this answers , by the bye , david powers ' perhaps rhetorical question regarding the assumptions under which janhunen 's claims could be considered a fallacy . i ' m not quite sure how to address powers ' conclusions , however . the methods of comparison most of us accept have built into them a checking mechanism , such that acceptance of some set of matches as "" true "" ( in powers ' terms ) constrains the set of further matches we can accept : what he considers to be "" false "" matches may not , under these constraints , be treated as matches at all . under this methodology , n-way comparison * does * increase the ratio of signal to noise in the data . i do not have access to janhunen 's original statements . if alexis manaster - ramer has summarized them accurately , i have to conclude either that janhunen is unfamiliar with the actual workings of the comparative method , or that the conclusion summarized by amr is disingenuous in the extreme - - and is indeed a fallacy , either way . rich alderson
",0
1447,"Subject: re : 6 . 797 , comparative method : n - ary comparison
 
 critics of manaster ramer miss the main point : janhunen calls by "" similarities "" parallels between japanese and other altaic languages based on regular phonetic correspondences without bothering to prove that these are real "" look - alikes "" . the parallels based on regular correspondences are not chance or random parallels and therefore the proposed statistical games do not apply to the case . if you do not believe it , take any pair of a priori unrelated languages , such as for example mandarin and eskimo , and try to establish regula r phonetic correspondences . needless to say , adding to this company zulu , basque , and nivx is not going to "" improve "" the picture . alexander vovin avvovin @ miamiu . acs . muohio . edu
",0
1448,"Subject: re : 6 . 797 , comparative method : n - ary comparison
 
 gotcha ! there are two separate fallacies in the argument against n-ary comparison which i discussed recently and which powers , delancey , and guy are now apparently seeking to defend . ( 1 ) janhunen says that the probability of a match occurring purely by chance when you compare japanese with four languages is four times what it is when you compare it with one language . this simply cannot be true because probabilities are values between 0 and 1 . if the probablity in the case of a binary comparison was say . 5 , then he would be predicting that it would be 2 in the case of n-ary comparison , which is impossible , because 2 is not between 0 and 1 . ( 2 ) the other fallacy is not purely mathematical , although i suspect that it involves elements of confusio . in any case , no one who argues for n-ary comparison ever talks about getting a match in 2 out of n languages . now , if we look at guy 's numbers , in his scenario of a 100 - word list with no shifted meanings , he came up with 14 . 5 probable spurious mathces in a binary comparison but only 5 . 8 when you are looking for a match between 3 out of 5 languages , 0 . 13 when you look for one between 4 out of 5 , and he does not give the much smaller number yet in the case of 5 out of 5 . i am not sure how jacques defines spurious and so i have not verified the numbers , but they are certainly on the right orders of magnitude . as you consider more and more languages ( also as the initial probability of a match declines , which usually happens as you go from toy models to real data ) , what happens is that you need fewer and fewer out of the n languages being compared to agree . thus , in guy 's example a match between n - 2 languages out of 5 was less likely to occur by chance than one between 2 out of 2 . but if n were 100 , i . e . , you were comparing 100 languages , then you would not need n - 2 ( i . e . , 98 ) languages to agree to be able to do better than with a binary comparison . it would be many many fewer ( although i do n't know how many since i do not know what formula jacques is using and what he is assuming about the initial probability of a match ) . maybe , he could kindly supply the numbers . and in light of all this , let us add another argument for rejecting indo - european : bopp never offered a mathematical demonstration that the relationships he proposed were unlikely to be due to chance , much less by doing a binary comparison of every pair of indo - european languages . which i think just goes to show how unrealistic the whole idea of doing such comparisons is . but if you do want to do them , then at least let us be clear about how to do them so as to minimize false positives ( i . e . matches due to chance and not really reflective of common origin ) as well as false negatives ( i . e . , failures to find genuine historical connections ) . on the second point , there are arguments that n-ary is better . alexis mr
",0
1449,"Subject: q : new email address for pier marco bertinetto
 
 content - length : 83 since the old address no longer works , would anybody know the new one ? alexis mr
",0
1450,"Subject: teaching material for statistical cl
 
 content - length : 1364 dear all , i am going to develop a course on statistical models and methods in computational linguistics using eugene charniak 's book "" statistical language learning "" . i would be very grateful for advice concerning : 1 . supplementary literature , especially on the mathematical background , probability theory , etc . , but also on applications . 2 . material for practical exercises , mini-projects , etc . , both written material and software if available . i 'd be happy to post a summary to the linguist list if there is interest . best regards , joakim nivre department of linguistics g = f6teborg university e - mail : joakim @ ling . gu . se
",0
1451,"Subject: philippine nat ' l lang .
 
 content - length : 786 a local newspaper recently printed a letter to the editor that read , in part , as follows : "" tagalog is not a language but the second-most commonly spoken dialect in the philippines ( next to cebuano ) out of more than 50 dialects . the national language is filipino , as required by the philippine congress in 1989 . "" does anyone out there know what filipino is , or where i might find some information on it and the events in the philippine congress in 1989 ? i 'd like to use this topic as a starting-off point for a class discussion about dialect vs . language , and prescriptivism , but i need to know more . if you have some information , please reply to me directly . thanks . - - christine brisson rutgers university cbrisson @ zodiac . rutgers . edu
",0
1452,"Subject: genderless ?
 
 content - length : 350 in some languages which are standarly described as genderless it is still the case , i am pretty sure , that people say things like ' that woman ' instead of 's he ' and because this looks like a purely lexical matter , the appearance of genderlessness is preserved . i wonder if this applies to the languages recently described as genderless on this list .
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1453,"Subject: re : genderless
 
 content - length : 719 you wrote : ) most of the genderless languages are sov and their morphology is ) "" agglutinative "" , in traditional typological terms . ) the realisation of gender tends to be tied closely to the realisation of ) morphological case in the world 's languages ) e-mail : ortmann @ ling . uni-duesseldorf . de i agree that most genderless languages tend to be agglutinative , but not sov . the austro - asiatic and austronesian languages , for example , contain many examples of non - sov languages which are also genderless . many examples can also be found in africa and the native american languages , which though agglutinative are not sov . paul kekai manansala
",0
1454,"Subject: genderless lgs
 
 content - length : 2009 hi you gender people , it may be that i have missed something that has been going on on the list . if i understand right there has been some claim about that a language totally lacking a gender system would be something of science fiction . as the responses have shown , this is not definitely the case but an indo - european line of thinking of what are natural conceptual ( grammatical ? ) categories . albert ortmann , among others , made the point that e . g . uralic languages generally lack gender . this is a point in case in finnish . the language does not have any grammatical gender markers ( in principle , no articles ) , no division into male / female in the pronoun system and , in particular , spoken finnish does not make distinction between animate / inanimate . persons , animals , objects , ideas may be referred to with the pronoun "" se "" . yet a slight comment to ortmann 's theory about case / gender . the point about case being realized only once in an np does not seem conceivable , at least from finnish point of view : attribute ( s ) and head must concord in case . hope this is of interest . and i could point out that i am no uralic or fennic scholar but a native speaking linguist . best regards - jan lindstrom dept . of scandinavian lgs university of helsinki
",0
1455,"Subject: silliness about eskimo snow
 
 the cartoon strip the duplex , which is normally a commentary on what used to be called ' the war between the sexes ' , and deals with two young singles and their dogs , today dealt with our favorite topic : snowy landscape her poodle : i read somewhere that the eskimos have 80 [ sic ] words for snow . she : that 's nothing . snowy landscape with him and his mutt shovelling snow he : * @ # ! his mutt : double * @ # ! she : if you ' ve ever listened to guys shovel their driveway you 'd know there were twice as many . happy january . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ geoffrey s . nathan department of linguistics southern illinois university at carbondale carbondale , il , 62901-4517 phone : ( 618 ) 453-3421 ( office ) ( 618 ) 549-0106 ( home ) geoffn @ saluki-mail . siu . edu
",0
1456,"Subject: re : 6 . 823 , qs : german , nostratic , romanization , chinese errors ,
 
 shoebox content - length : 298 is it just me , or is the fact that a query needs to be posted asking what is nostratic proves the point a group of us made not so long ago on this very list about the need for the public , linguistic and general , to be allowed information about work in linguistics , whether we agree with it or not ?
",0
1457,"Subject: summary : i . mel ' cuk
 
 content - length : 2450 a few people answered my question about i . mel ' cuk 1976 reference , so i thought a summary of the references i gathered might interest the linguistlist as a whole . first , i wish to thank the people that answered me : ( in order of appearance ) lars borin david beck ariadna solovyova claude coulombe lonz ( only reference i got on that person , from the electronic address . sorry ) miquel aguado keith goeringer claude boisson some directed me to pr mel ' cuk , who is teaching at montreal university . moreover , here is a list of melc ' uk 's works , including the one i was looking for , and subsequent works which update his views on the sign / word : 1976 . das wort . zwischen inhalt und ausdruck . munchen , wilhelm fink verlag , 461 p . ( parts of the book are writen in english ) 1979 . "" syntactic , or lexical , zero in natural language "" , proceedings of the berkeley linguistics society 5 , 224-60 . 1984-92 . dictionnaire explicatif et combinatoire du francais contemporain : recherches lexico-semantiques , 3 vols , montreal , presses de l ' universite de montreal . 1988 . "" semantic description of lexical units in an explanatory combinatorial dictionary "" , international journal of lexicography 1 / 3 , 165-88 . 1988 . dependency syntax : theory and practice , albany , state university of new york press . 1993 . cours de morphologie generale , vol . 1 : le mot , montreal , presses de l ' universite de montreal . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ jerome serme laboratoire ' dynamique du langage ' ( umr 9961 ) maison rhone - alpes des sciences de l ' homme 14 , avenue berthelot 69363 lyon cedex - france phone : + 33 72 72 64 12 fax : + 33 72 80 00 08 e - mail : jerome . serme @ mrash . fr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
",0
1458,"Subject: sum : banned german , "" english only ""
 
 content - length : 12420 a few weeks ago i posted part of some correspondence i received about the banning of german in iowa during wwi . because the responses brought up the matter of "" english only "" or "" official english "" ( depending on one 's leanings ) i posted a further query as to whether anyone knew of any recently proposed law in the us that would out and out ban languages other than english . first i ' ll thank everybody , then i ' ll summarize the german ban , then official english . thanks to : seegmiller @ apollo . montclair . edu ( steve seegmiller ) fanshen @ datalab2 . sbs . sunysb . edu ( frank anshen ) kiel @ u-aizu . ac . jp ( kiel t . christianson ) kyeager @ prism . nmt . edu ( deborah yeager ) rwachal @ black . weeg . uiowa . edu ( bob wachal ) smburt @ heartland . bradley . edu ( susan burt ) m200754 @ er . uqam . ca ( michel platt ) ligo523 @ utxvms . cc . utexas . edu ( keith walters ) cnelson @ vm . cc . purdue . edu ( dr . christian k . nelson ) niewboer @ let . rug . nl ( r . nieuweboer ) ffgbc @ aurora . alaska . edu ( cooper gordon b ) anfallen @ ursula . uoregon . edu ( anthea fallen - bailey ) banned german : the original quote i posted ran thus : ) here in iowa where i grew up most household language was a ) foreign language the early part of this century . the public ) schools were english of course . my uncle went to a local ) "" german "" school which was a parochial school . it was ) necessary because all the german lutheran church liturgy and ) bibles were in luther 's german so the plattdeutsch speaking ) people had to go to school to learn it . world war i ended that . ) the iowa governor issued a proclamation banning the ) speaking of any foreign language in public places . phone ) operators were ) instructed to pull the plug on anynon english ) telephone conversations . party line patrons were to hold the ) telephone receiver up to the mouth piece so the resulting ) whistling would interfere with non english speech . all modern ) language instruction was dropped from school curriculums . a ) blow from which the school system never really recovered . ) newspapers published reports of people arrested on the ) street for speaking german . this was a real hardship on older ) immigrants . all german language newspapers were ) suppressed . our rural county had german papers at one time . ) in fact the editor of one was once elected the county ) treasurer . this day and age it is all somewhat embarrassing . i ) stumbled on to the fact that the state of iowa organized what ) amounted to a secret police agency . the state formed an ) agency whose purpose was to investigate acts of disloyalty . ) they were given the power to levy fines and imprison people ) for the duration of the war without benefit of trial . america 's ) active participation was relatively short lived so the agency ) was not around long . it would make an interesting research ) paper sometime if any records still exist . i got many confirmations that this actually happened , and not only in iowa . references : philip e . webber ( 1993 ) . kolonie - deutsch : life and language in amana . ames : iowa state university press . birgit mertens ( 1994 ) . vom ( nieder - ) deutschen zum englischen : untersuchungen zur sprachlichen assimilation einer laendlichen gemeinde im mittleren westen amerikas . heidelberg : universitaets - verlag c . winter . heinz kloss 's _ the american bilingual tradition _ . baron , denis . 1990 . * * the english - only question : an official language for americans ? * * new haven , connecticut : yale university press . kloss , heinz . 1966 . "" german - american language maintenance efforts "" . * * language loyalty in the united states * * , edited by j . a . fishman , 206-252 . london , england : mouton & co . liebowicz , joseph . 1985 . "" official english : another americanization program ? "" * * language loyalties : a source book on the official english controversy * * , edited by james crawford , 101-111 . chicago : university press of chicago . deborah yeager : ) bad news : it definitely happened . most of the laws passed ) against the use and instruction of german were at the very ) end of the war and so came into force _ between _ world wars . > iowa was not the only state . i can't answer to the behavior of ) telephone operators and people on partylines , but i do know ) that teaching german was banned not only in the schools , ) but also on school property after hours , where church groups ) had often held classes . rogier nieuweboer : ) i cannot answer your question on a ban on german in iowa , ) but in fact , in 1914 the canadian authorities issued such a ) ban on german ( which was used in mennonite and many other ) schools ) . this was the reason why many mennonites emigrated > to mexico . anthea fallen - bailey : ) i wrote my undergraduate honors thesis on the subject of ) language histories in the u . s . i include below a pertinent ) paragraph from that work : ) the most severe blow to german language and culture ) maintenance in the u . s . came with world war i when . . . ) "" hyphenated americans "" were forced to chose between their ) ethnicity and the u . s . nation , despite the fact that the ) majority of german - americans favored neutrality ( kloss ) 1966 ) . the german language in the u . s . has never since ) recovered . from 1917 , when the u . s . joined the war , german ) was banned in private and public schools , in meetings , in ) religious services and even over the telephone ( baron 1990 : ) 111 ) . national organizations disbanded , german music was ) neither playe nor sold , and restaurants changed the names of ) german dishes : "" sauerkraut "" became "" liberty cabbage "" ; ) "" german fried potatoes "" became "" american fries "" ; and ) "" hamburger "" became "" salisbury steak "" ( ibid : 109 ) . in short , ) "" german was specifically targeted as an enemy language to be > rooted out "" . between 1918 and 1923 many states passed ) anti - german legislations ; two states - - nebraska and ) illinois - - passed english - only constitutional amendments in > 1920 and 1923 respectively ( ibid . : 109 ) . by 1923 thirty-four ) states had passed english - only laws relating to the language ) of instruction in schools ( leibowicz 1985 ) . ohio , which had ) previously supported german instruction in schools , passed a ) law in 1919 rejecting german altogether . ) a footnote here : the ohio 1919 law was eventually struck ) down by the u . s . supreme court via the 1923 case of meyer v . ) nebraska ( very famous case in language circles ) . english "" only "" some of the things discussed brought up some interesting questions , which i ' ll treat after a couple of quotations . steve seegmiller : ) it may be an unfortunate or misleading choice of terms , but ) "" english only "" does n't mean banning other languages entirely ; ) it means requiring the use of english exclusively for official ) purposes . that presumably includes governmental functions , ) education , and so forth , but not non-official uses . ) at last count , at least seventeen states had adopted such ) english only laws , and several more are in the works . not one ) of them proposes banning other languages . susan burt : ) karen l . adams and daniel t . brink ( eds ) in their * ) perspectives on official english * ( mouton . 1990 ) have an ) appendix of texts of various language legislation . ) the legislature of arizona attempted an amendment to the ) state constitution which included : ) this state and all political subdivisions of this state shall ) act in english and in no other language . ) no entity to which this article applies shall make or enforce ) a law , order , decree or policy which requires the use of a ) language other than english . ) no govermental document shall be valid , effective or ) enforceable unless it is in the english language . ) there follows a list of circumstances in which the use of ) other languages is exlicitly allowed . ) i think the arizona law was considered one of the most ) restrictive , and i think it was somehow found invalid - - or ) maybe it did n't pass in the first place - - i forget . anyway , ) even it did not "" ban "" other languages in private contexts . christian k . nelson referred to some research on voters ' opinions on official english laws , and while i find his conclusions hyperbolic , i think his comments are nonetheless worth reading : ) [ i ] was reminded of research reported in a course i took with ) an anthropological linguist ( now at san diego ? ) : katherine ) woolard . she mentioned that in the california "" official ) english "" push not only were many hispanics in favor of the ) proposed legislation , but so were many supposed liberals in ) the san francisco area . she was doing an analysis of ) discourse in which such liberals justified their positions , ) showing that they were based on hidden assumptions that ) actually ran counter to their claimed liberal beliefs . all this ) points up the fact that oppressed people , with the help of ) their well-meaning supporters , often participate in their own ) oppression . indeed , historical examples indicate that such is ) true even to the point that oppressed groups help organize ) extermination of their own members for oppressing groups . ) so , the results of the polls you cite are not so transparently ) meaningful . a respondent or two drew conclusions from the oft-mentioned hysterical tone of the fundraising materials put out by the "" official english "" movement . my own thoughts on that , as sent to one respondent : on tue , 13 jun 1995 jpkirchner @ aol . com wrote : ) i ' m convinced there is a certain style to fundraising letters ) that crosses the political spectrum , especially since a lot of ) organizations certainly have their letters written by direct ) marketing agencies that are probably not affiliated with any ) particular persuasion . i get such letters from political ) campaigns on the left , right , and in between , including the ) democratic party , and i see absolutely the same nauseatingly > hysterical , hateful style in all of them , as if they were ) written by the same hand . ( which they sometimes may ) have been . ) in one letter , the boogie man is "" liberals who ) want to take away your freedom , "" in another it 's "" advocates ) for the rich who want to make you homeless , "" in another it 's ) immigrants , in a third it 's jingoists . the common ) denominator is always the angry , hateful tone they ' re ) written in . having worked at an ad agency , i know that the ) people in them know their targets , and just how to caress ) them or zing their fillings to get them to act . it has to be an ) established fundraising technique . this whole issue seems to me to be a mix of radical hysteria on both sides , mixed with legitimate questions , which neither side appears willing to address . since linguists , to my experience , are generally terrific at preaching linguistic tolerance , but do n't often deal with pragmatic questions that do n't affect them personally , i ' ll annoy you all with a few questions brought up by non-linguists i know . these people are neither radical conservatives , nor bothered by the use of other languages or dialects in their presence . 1 . how come in us regions where other foreign language groups outnumber hispanics , are safety warnings and federal signage are still only posted in spanish and english ? 2 . a manager , who had previously not minded foreign languages being spoken in the office , is suddenly noticing a lot of discord , backbiting and insubordination among the employees . these are hard enough to quell when everyone is speaking english , but it 's even harder for this manager to monitor what 's happening , because it 's all going on in a foreign language . does the manager a . ) sign up for a beginning language course , b . ) quit the job and give it to someone fluent in the other language , c . ) recruit some of the employees as "" spies "" , d . ) mandate english , e . ) other _ _ _ _ _ ? if the manager mandates english , will it qualify as linguistic intolerance in this case ? 3 . why should a child who speaks black american english be accommodated in the classroom by court order , while an appalachian kid gets forced to learn ( later changed to "" gets the benefit of learning "" ) the standard dialect ( i . e . , in addition to his or her own ) ? 4 . "" the typists in our company are so incompetent at standard english that even a simple business letter takes them at five drafts , and one whole day , to get into acceptable form . it always comes out in their dialect , and it 's much easier for everybody to do their own typing . why can't they give these people english tests ? "" these are linguistic and political questions to these people , to which i have no ready answers . what do other linguists say ? james kirchner
",0
1459,"Subject: dislocations
 
 content - length : 4400 - - - - - - - - - - forwarded message - - - - - - - - - - date mon , 19 jun 1995 08 : 10 : 48 - 0400 > from aaa552 @ agora . ulaval . ca subject / graviton / einstein / aaa552 / mail / bb i posted a week ago a query on the topic of dislocation . i wanted to know whether just any of the phenomena known by the name of dislocation implies coreference . the responses to the posting indicated that the word dislocation is by and large used to refer to a phrase p adjoined to a sentence s where p holds a coreference relationship with a pronoun included in s . so there seems to exist a terminological consensus on this notion ( although for some dislocation covers topicalization ) . here is a very slightly edited summary of responses . many thanks to all those whose responded . i hope this is useful . pierre larrivee . w . croft @ manchester . ac . uk ( bill croft ) : i think you will have to define "" dislocation "" to get a useful answer from your query - - - in particular , define it in such a way that the coreference relation does not follow by definition . if "" dislocation "" means what the etymology suggests , then it involves movement of an element out of its canonical position ; if you allow coreference to phonologically null elements ( left in canonical position ) , then by definition a dislocated element will have a coreference relation to an element in the sentence to which it is adjoined , namely to the null or non-null element it has "" left behind "" . if you do not allow coreference to phonologically null elements , then the english construction called "" topicalization "" or "" y - movement "" is a counterexample to the generalization you are inquiring about . if you define "" dislocation "" in a non-movement fashion - - - i . e . as some element ( an np ? ) adjoined to a sentential constituent - - - then japanese , chinese and other e asian languages ' topic constructions will be a counter - example , since the "" topic "" np need not be an argument or even an adjunct of the sentence to which it is adjoined . to this comment of mine : it seems to me that topicalization is a somewhat different phenomena from dislocation , is it not ? cf . the prosody ( no pause for topics ) and the lack ( in general ) of a resumptive pronoun ( chocolate cake i like ( * it ) ) . w . croft added : prosody would be an interesting start on a definition of dislocation that does n't presuppose coreference - - - i think the resumptive pronoun part is more problematic , since specifying the form of a resumptive form would presuppose coreference . > from holleb @ linguist . umass . edu ( ? ? bart holle ) at the moment i am working on right dislocation , mainly in dutch . and as far as i can tell there are no counterexamples . the moment there is no reference to an element in the "" main "" clause it is clearly extraposition . a main difference for dutch is that you can extract out of an extraposed phrase , whereas you cannot out of right dislocated one . > from sophie . kern @ mrash . fr ( sophie kern ) i ' m actually writting my thesis about the development of narrative competence by french monolingual children ( 3 to 11 years old using ) a picture book task . one of the domain i ' m studying is the reference to the main or other characters of the story , and particulierly what kind of linguistic devices the children use to maintain or to switch reference in subject position i found a lot of left and right dislocations . > from larry horn ( lhorn @ yalevm . cis . yale . edu ) you might want to check out an old paper by robert rodman on topicalization and ld in a journal called papers in linguistics . i think it was 1973 . he talks about sentences like : as for noxious odors , my sheepdog farts after eating escargots . in which the sentence is a comment on the topic in the "" ld "" phrase , but no coreference per se obtains . > from barrett @ zelig . cs . nyu . edu ( leslie barrett ) there 's an article by bowers in li ( 1993 ) that mainly concerns predication but mentions coreference possibilities in fronted vps like the following : criticize himself , i think john never will i i ) from luge . latrobe . edu . au ( hussein shokouhi ) ronald geluykens has extensively worked on this issue in english . he has published a book in 1992 under the title of ' from grammar to discourse : left-dislocated construction ' . knud lambrescht has also done something on french . he has also published a book on french discourse and syntax in 1994 . surely , you can find a good number of references in those two books .
",0
1460,"Subject: tolkien 's elvish languages : austronesian ?
 
 ( this , of course , started as a spoof of proto - world ) is elvish austronesian or has sakao ( espiritu santo ) an elvish substratum ? that is the question . as i was looking for an elvish cognate for my proto - world * hu ( n ) t i came across ( and the whole effort took me perhaps five minutes , writing it down much longer , however ) : 1 . - losgar ( red snow ) . the place where feanor burned the ships of the teleri . los = snow , gar from car = red ( noel 1980 : 164 ) . - sakao kar = red . 2 . - minas tirith s ' tower of watch ' , ' tower of guard ' ( ibid . p . 170 ) ' minas ' being ' tower ' , ' tirith ' is evidently ' watch , guard ' . - sakao t ( y ) ry = to look at , to watch out . 3 . - lad ' plain ' , ' valley ' , s / 361 ( p . 160 ) - sakao la ^ dh = earth , ground 4 . - kel ' go away ' , ' flow away ' , ' flow down ' . s / 360 ( p . 159 ) - sakao gher ' to go past ' , ' to flow ' . 5 . - in ( of the ) . see various place names , including haudh - in - gwanur . ( p . 158 ) - sakao - yn , same meaning , as in ' waldhyn ietar ' 's on of yetar ( god ) ' . 6 . - ia ^ ' void ' , ' abyss ' s / 360 ( p . 156 ) - sakao ia ' oral cavity ' , ' opening ( of a cave ) ' 7 . - ondo q [ uenya ] 's tone ' s / 359 ( p . 180 ) - sakao iedh 's tone ' ( there is a pervading correspondence e / o throughout austronesian languages , and i am * not * making that up ! ) . or perhaps also : - sakao dhon ' mountain ' ( with metathesis and semantic shift ) . enough ? are n't you convinced yet ? all right . . . 8 . - vorn ' black ' . s / 360 ( p . 205 ) - sakao vyr ' black ' . 9 . - galadh s . ' tree ' ( p . 146 ) - sakao gholadh a tree sp . ( bislama "" nangkalat "" , a tree with urticant leaves ) 10 . - esse q [ uenya ] ' name ' ( p . 142 ) - sakao ase - ' name ' 11 . - sil q [ uenya ] 's hine with white or silver light ' ( p . 189 ) - sakao hoel ' cooking stone ' , regularly derivable from * s ( ui ) l ( aeo ) - sakao syl ' to singe ' and let 's make it an even dozen : 12 . - loa ' growth ' ( p . 163 ) - sakao lu ' to grow ' . work cited : ruth s . noel . the language of tokien 's middle - earth . houghton mifflin . boston 1980 .
",0
1461,"Subject: re : 6 . 783 , german affricates
 
 in regard to roger lass 's comments on ts vs . t # s ( or c ^ vs ts , as he puts it ) , i 'd like to comment that the pronunciation for t # s that he gives may not pertain for many american english speakers . i think i ' m not alone in having something like [ ? s ] ( ? = glottal stop , s = esh ) or [ raised - ? ts ] in the t # s case . in any case , as he indicates , the difference is one of a phonetic detail that is simply invisible in certain styles of phonological transcription . john e . koontz nist : caml : sced 883 . 04 boulder , co koontz @ boulder . nist . gov
",0
1462,"Subject: functions of language www home page
 
 content - length : 574 dear colleagues , this is to inform you that the journal devoted to functional approaches to language , * functions of language * , now has its own 3w home page . the url is : http : / / allserv . rug . ac . be / ~ dnoel / folhome . html there you will find links to the journal 's statement of purpose , some notes for contributors , its style sheet , and the tables of contents of past and forthcoming issues . do have a look ! dirk noel contragram dept . of english university of gent rozier 44 b-9000 gent belgium phone : + 32 9 264 3789 fax : + 32 9 264 4179 e - mail : dirk . noel @ rug . ac . be
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1463,"Subject: history of syntax
 
 content - length : 1255 available upon request : a 4 - page compilation of historically significant short quotations on syntax , in the original tongues , translated in the case of greek or latin . included : aristotle , dionysius thrax , varro , port - royal , saussure , jespersen , bloomfield , harris , chomsky , diver . just the essentials of the classics ; nothing later than 1969 . send self-addressed stamped ( if usa ) envelope to : joseph davis , ph . d . dept . of elementary education city college new york , ny 10031 jcdcc @ cunyvm . cuny . edu
",0
1464,"Subject: linguistic data consortium ( ldc )
 
 content - length : 3687 the linguistic data consortium ( ldc ) of the university of pennsylvania is collecting telephone speech for three major studies this summer , and we are asking all members of the research community at large to participate in making them a success . the calls are being collected on a new intervoice robotoperator platform that has dramatically increased the ldc 's ability to collect telephone speech . the new system allows up to twelve two channel calls or 24 one channel calls to go on at the same time . up to 20 hours of conversation can be stored before it is necessary to download data ; the download as well as many programming changes can be made without interrupting the application itself . in effect , the application will be operational for 24 hours per day . the projects are as follows : for voice across hispanic america , we need native speakers of spanish ( from any country ) who can call an 800 telephone number and spend five minutes on the telephone reading a series of sentences . participants can receive $ 5 . 00 for their time . for callhome , native speakers of english , egyptian arabic , german , japanese , mandarin and spanish can make a free call to another native speaker from an 800 telephone number anywhere in the world and talk for 30 minutes . participants can receive either $ 10 . 00 or free telephone time . for callfriend , native speakers of english , spanish , tamil , hindi , japanese , french , farsi , german , korean , egyptian arabic and vietnamese can can make a free call to another native speaker from an 800 telephone number anywhere in the u . s . , canada or puerto rico and talk free for 30 minutes . participants can receive either $ 10 . 00 or free telephone time . individuals or organizations who can recruit at least ten callers should contact us to discuss various incentive programs for all three projects . the recordings will be used for nonprofit scientific research and instructional purposes , and are made available to researchers and educators from all over the world on an equal basis . to receive more information , or to get a personal identification number and instructions for making calls , please call us at 1-800 - 380-penn ( 7366 ) between 9 a . m . and 5 p . m . est , or send email to one of the following addresses : voice across hispanic america vaha @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu callhome callhome @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu callfriend callfriend @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu for further information about the project or for other information about the linguistic data consortium , please contact us ldc @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu , or you can access our www home page at ftp : / / www . cis . upenn . edu / pub / ldc _ www / hpage . html . you can also send mail to us at the address below : rebecca finch | linguistic data consortium research coordinator | 441 williams hall finch @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu | university of pennsylvania tel : 215 / 898-0464 / fax : 215 / 573-2175 | philadelphia , pa 19104-6305
",0
1465,"Subject: linguistics in science fiction
 
 content - length : 3073 the postings on linguistics in science fiction for the past couple of months have been interesting , but curiously limited to comparing two types or genres of writing as if all that is going on with linguistics in science fiction these days is that some writers who are sf novelists have been injecting a few ' neat linguistic ideas ' into their narratives and some ( distinctly other ) group of writers who are linguists read these stories for fun and like to point out the borrowed ideas to other linguists . thats not all that 's happening these days folks . it seems to me that some of the most interesting things going on with linguistics in science fiction is in the blurring of these and other genres ( a general phenomena that george steiner argued was well underway 20 years ago in his _ after babel _ ) . it does n't take much digging through my library to come up with some examples of writers who ' ply the frames ' of sf in ways that deserve to be read by linguists ' for serious ' . samuel r . delany 's novels have been mentioned on the list , but he has also published two volumes of linguistic essays , _ the jewel - hinged jaw : notes on the language of science fiction _ 1977 . new york : dragon press . and _ starboard wine : more notes on the language of science fiction _ 1984 . new york : dragon press . richard rorty , probably known by many linguists interested in the philosophy of language ( from his writing on the ' linguistic turn ' in that field ) , tells a science fiction story about a mid-twenty - first century expedition to antipodea , a planet where the natives lack the concept of mind as part of his argument about ' persons without minds ' in _ philosophy and the mirror of nature _ 1980 . suzette haden elgin is a third writer ( and a linguist ) who writes about science fiction ' for serious ' . one medium in which she does this is the linguistics & science fiction network , which publishes a newsletter ( $ 10 annual membership fee ) out of the ozark center for language studies ( p . o . box 1137 , huntsville , ar 72740 e - mail : ocls @ sibylline . com . ) . i ' m sure that there are other such ' blurred genre ' pieces at the interface between science fiction and linguistic theory . i 'd encourage other subscribers to describe them here in addition to the usual novels and short stories ( the serious stuff can be read ' just for fun ' too . . . ) . paul gracie
",0
1466,"Subject: job in india
 
 content - length : 1469 position in phonology / syntax jawaharlal nehru university new delhi , india the center for linguistics and english at the jawaharlal nehru university invites applications at the assistant professor level beginning in august 1995 . the candidate must hold a ph . d in linguistics with a specialization in phonology or syntax . previous teaching experience is highly desirable . there is no specific deadline for this position . applications will be considered till the position is filled . please mail applications to the address below . till june 30 , prof abbi may be contacted at ( 510 ) 657-5225 . professor anvita abbi , chair center for linguistics and english school of languages jawaharlal nehru university new delhi , india 110067
",0
1467,"Subject: job : linguistique informatique / computational linguistics
 
 content - length : 4310 job : linguistique informatique / computational linguistics ( english text follows ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * latl - - - departement de linguistique , universite de geneve le latl - laboratoire d ' analyse et de technologie du langage - du departement de linguistique de l ' universite de geneve ( suisse ) met au concours un poste de recherche / enseignement en linguistique informatique ( a confirmer ) duree : 2 ans , a dater du 1er septembre 1995 salaire : de 57 ' 000 a 60 ' 000 frs / an ( selon qualifications ) qualifications : diplome ou doctorat ( prefere ) en linguistique informatique ou theorique ( eventuellement informatique ) , avec un interet particulier pour la syntaxe ( gb ) , l ' analyse et la generation automatiques du langage naturel , la traduction automatique , l ' enseignement assiste par ordinateur - - - maitrise de la programmation un plus . taches : collaboration aux projets en cours au latl ( traduction automatique interactive , analyseurs syntaxiques , eao ) ; selon qualifications et interets , quelques heures ( max . 4 ) d ' enseignement par semaine dans les domaines de la syntaxe ou de la linguistique informatique . langues : francais et / ou anglais necessaire ( s ) , allemand un plus . les dossiers de candidature et le nom de deux references sont a envoyer a l ' adresse ci-dessous professeur e . wehrli latl universite de geneve 2 , rue de candolle 1211 geneve 4 suisse e - mail : wehrli @ latl . unige . ch fax : ( + 4122 ) 328 25 66 * * * date limite de depot des candidatures : 15 juillet 1995 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * latl - - - department of linguistics , university of geneva the latl research lab of the department of linguistics at the university of geneva ( switzerland ) expects to open a two-year research / teaching position in computational linguistics ( pending approval ) starting date : sept . 1st , 1995 salary range : from 57 ' 000 to 60 ' 000 sfr . / year ( depending upon qualifications ) qualifications : ma or ph . d . ( preferred ) in computational or theoretical linguistics ( possibly computer sciences ) , with a strong interest for syntax ( gb ) , natural language parsing and generation , automatic translation , computer-assisted learning - - - programming skills an asset . tasks : participation to current projects of the lab ( interactive automatic translation , syntactic parsers , learning systems ) ; depending upon qualifications and interests , some hours of teaching ( max . 4 hours / week ) in syntax or computational linguistics . languages : french and / or english mandatory , german an asset . please send applications together with the name of two references to the address below : professor e . wehrli latl university of geneva 2 , rue de candolle 1211 geneva 4 switzerland e - mail : wehrli @ latl . unige . ch fax : ( + 4122 ) 328 25 66 * * * application deadline : july 15 , 1995 * * *
",0
1468,"Subject: jeonju university , chonju , s . korea
 
 our language learning center is looking for an english native speaker to teach english conversation to undergraduate students in my university . thus , plese advertise the following to the linguist if it is possible ; we are looking for english native speakers to teach english conversation in jeonju university , chonju , s . korea . qualifications : i ) english native speaker ii ) m . a . in english , linguistics , els , education is preferrable . duty : teach 15 hours / week extra teaching will be paid by $ 20 . 00 / every hour payment : 1 , 200 , 000 korean won / month ( $ 1 , 500 ) provide free apartment and office 1 - 4 week break between 7 week programs korean government medical insureance is provided . if you need air-fare , we will provide it in advance , then you can re-pay the amount by monthly payment . please send your resume by fax : 011-82 - 652-220 - 2464 ( please write my name and center on you fax ) or send e - mail to : byang @ chonbuknms . chonbuk . ac . kr please feel free to ask me . byong - seon yang , vice - director , langauge education center jeonju university , chonju , s . korea .
",0
1469,"Subject: job posting
 
 university of tuebingen department of linguistics division of computational linguistics research position for a computational linguist we are advertising a research position in the verbmobil project , which is funded by the german ministry for education and research ( bmbf ) . verbmobil is concerned with the development of a portable speech-to - speech translation system for "" face-to - face "" - communication . the verbmobil - subproject at the department of computational linguistics in tuebingen is concerned with semantic evaluation and transfer for machine translation between german and english , in particular : - the semantic repraesentation , disambiguation and translation of temporal expressions - the semantic repraesentation , disambiguation and translation of complex words - the computational modelling of these empirical domains , and - and the implementation of a working subsystem of verbmobil in collaboration with other verbmobil sites . candidates should have experience in computational linguistics ( particularly in unification-based formalisms ) or computer science . knowledge of german and experience in machine traslation , nl - syntax / semantics ( particularly in head - driven phrase structure grammar , discourse representation theory and in the semantics of tense and aspect ) , logic , or prolog - programming is highly desirable . the successful candidate will be expected to work both on theoretical issues and practical implementation . the project started in 1993 and will last until december 1996 , with the possibility of extension depending on funding . the successful candidate would be expected to take up the position as soon as possible . the position is at the rank of "" wissenschaftlicher mitarbeiter "" ( salary on the german payscale of bat iia ; minimum of 65 000 dm per year ) . applications should include cv and an outline of research experience and interests . names and addresses of references would be helpful . applications should be sent by mail or email to the address below . applications received by july 15th , 1995 will receive full consideration . prof . dr . erhard w . hinrichs seminar fuer sprachwissenschaft abt . computerlinguistik eberhard - karls universitaet tuebingen kleine wilhelmstr . 113 d-72074 tuebingen germany hinrichs @ sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de
",0
1470,"Subject: 96 spring phonology job
 
 the department of linguistics at the university of toronto is seeking someone to teach phonology at two levels ( advanced and either introductory or intermediate ) in the spring term ( january - april 1966 ) . applicants for this position should submit a letter of application , cv , two letters of reference , and copies of publications and / or unpublished research to peter reich , chair , department of linguistics , university of toronto , toronto , ontario , canada m5s 1a1 ; telephone 416 978-4029 ; fax 416 971-2688 ; e-mail lingdept @ epas . utoronto . ca . please do not submit applications by e-mail . deadline for application : august 15 , 1995
",0
1471,"Subject: research posts in linguistics and media technology
 
 content - length : 2121 university of brighton , uk . the language centre two research fellows starting salary up to # 18 , 429 . both posts are for a two year fixed term and will involve the development of research projects and some support for staff and students utilising the facilities of the language centre . media technology an ma or msc in an area related to media technology together with a sound publication record are essential . extensive experience in this area and familiarity with the exploitation of current technology for language learning / teaching is essential . the post is available from 1 september 1995 ref bb459 linguistics a phd in linguistics and record of publications in one or more of the department s established areas of activity ( contrastive linguistics , discourse , semantics , linguistic analysis of french ) are essential . the post is available from 1 october 1995 . for an informal discussion about the post , please contact tony hartley , principal lecturer , by e-mail ( tony . hartley @ uk . ac . bton . itri ) or by telephone ( 01273 642918 ) . ref bb456 for further details and an application form contact the personnel department , university of brighton , brighton , bn2 4at , or 24 hour answerphone : ( 0273 ) 642849 quoting the appropriate reference number . if you need further information , ring ( 0273 ) 642837 . closing date : mid - july 1995 ( phone for a precise date ) .
",0
1472,"Subject: book notice list
 
 language journal of the linguistic society of america book notice list below is the list of books currently available for 500 word book notices . the opportunity to write book notices is offered to all readers of language whether or not they are lsa members , though the editor reserves the right to decline to send books to volunteers whose previous book notices have presented substantive or stylistic problems that increase the time required for editing . students are encouraged to write book notices , though a faculty supervisor must agree to approve the book notice before it is submitted to the editor . book notices are due within three months after the reviewer receives the book ; this insures that works are reviewed in a timely fashion . please feel free to circulate this list to colleagues . arteaga , alfred ( ed . ) an other tongue : nation and ethnicity in the linguistic borderlands . durham : duke university press , 1994 . pp . x , 295 . cloth $ 49 . 95 , paper $ 17 . 95 . bates , dawn , thom hess and vi hilbert ; edited by dawn bates . lushootseed dictionary . seattle and london : university of washington press , 1994 . pp . xxi , 381 . paper $ 30 . 00 belcher , diane and george braine ( eds . ) academic writing in a second language : essays on research and pedagogy . norwood , nj : ablex publishing co . , 1995 . pp . xxxi , 410 . cloth $ 59 . 95 , paper $ 24 . 95 . bergen , robert d . ( ed . ) biblical hebrew and discourse linguistics . dallas , tx : sil , 1994 . pp . 560 . paper $ 40 . 00 . bharati , akshar , vineet chaitanya and rajeev sangal . natural language processing : a paninian perspective . new delhi : prentice hall of india , 1995 . pp . xviii , 220 . breva - claramonte , manuel . la didactica de las lenguas en el renacimiento : juan luis vives y pero simon abril . bilbao : universidad de deusto , 1994 . pp . 270 . campbell , kim sydow . coherence , continuity , and cohesion : theoretical foundations for document design . hillsdale , nj : lawrence erlbaum associates , 1994 . pp . ix , 113 . cloth $ 29 . 95 , paper $ 17 . 95 . carl , wolfgang . frege 's theory of sense and reference : its origins and scope . cambridge : cambridge university press , 1995 . pp . viii , 220 . crangle , colleen and patrick suppes . language and learning for robots ( csli lecture notes , 41 ) . stanford : center for the study of language and information , 1994 . pp . xxi , 276 . darnell , regna and juidith irvine ( eds . ) the collected works of edward sapir , iv : ethnology . berlin and new york : walter de gruyter , 1994 . pp . 963 . de beaugrande , robert , abdulla shunnaq , and mohamed h . heliel , eds . language , discourse and translation in the west and middle east . amsterdam & philadelphia : john benjamins publishing company , 1994 . pp . xi , 256 . dougherty , ray c . natural language computing : an english generative grammar in prolog . ( with accompanying disk ) hillsdale , nj : lawrence erlbaum associates , 1994 . pp . xlvi , 349 . cloth $ 69 . 95 , paper $ 36 . 00 . engh , jan . verb i passiv fulgt av perfektum partisipp : bruk og historie . oslo : novus forlag , 1994 . pp . x , 374 . paper nok 285 . 00 extra , guus and ludo verhoeveon ( eds . ) the cross-linguistic study of bilingual development . amsterdam : north - holland , 1994 . pp . 288 . fassi fehri , abdelkader . issues in the structure of arabic clauses and words . dordrecht , boston & london : kluwer academic publishers , 1993 . pp . xiv , 314 . fine , elizabeth c . the folklore text : from performance to print . bloomington and indianapolis : indiana university press , 1994 . pp . 244 . paper $ 12 . 95 . flower , linda . the construction of negotiated meaning : a social cognitive theory of writing . carbondale and edwardsville : southern illinois university press , 1994 . pp . x , 334 . formigari , lia and daniele gambarara ( eds . ) historical roots of linguistic theories . ( amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science ) . amsterdam & philadelphia : john benjamins , 1995 . pp . viii , 309 . fuchs , catherine and bernard victorri ( eds . ) continuity in linguistic semantics ( lingvisticae investigationes : supplementa 19 ) . amsterdam and philadelphia : john benjamins , 1994 . pp . 255 . gernsbacher , morton ann and t . giv "" n . coherence in spontaneous text . ( typological studies in language , 31 ) . amsterdam and philadelphia : john benjamins , 1995 . pp . x , 267 . gile , daniel . basic concepts and models for interpreter and translator training ( benjamins translation library , 8 ) . amsterdam and philadelphia : john benjamins , 1995 . pp . xv , 277 . giv "" n , talmy ( ed . ) . voice and inversion . philadelphia : john benjamins publishing co . , 1994 , pp . 402 . gopinathan , s ; anne pakir ; ho wah kam ; & vanithamani saravanan . language , society and education in singapore : issues and trends . singapore : times academic press , 1994 . pp . vii , 391 . grossmann , maria . opposizioni direzionali e prefissazione : analisi morfologica e semantica dei verbi egressivi prefissati con des - e es - in catalano . ( quaderni patavini di linguistica monografie , 14 ) padova : unipress , 1994 . pp . 147 . harries , elizabeth wanning . the unfinished manner : essays on the fragment in the later eighteenth century . charlottesville and london : university press of virginia , 1994 . pp . xi , 215 . haspelmath , martin and ekkehard konig ( eds . ) converbs in cross - linguistic perspective : structure and meaning of adverbial verb forms - - adverbial participles , gerunds - - ( empirical approaches to language typology , 13 ) . berlin and new york : mouton de gruyter , 1995 . pp . x , 565 . hengeveld , kees . non - verbal predication : theory , typology , diachrony ( functional grammar series 15 ) . berlin and new york : mouton de gruyter , 1992 . pp . xxiii , 321 . hill , clifford and kate parry ( eds . ) from testing to assessment : english as an international language ( applied linguistics and language study ) . london and new york : longmans , 1994 . pp . viii , 283 . ilie , cornelia . what else can i tell you ? a pragmatic study of english rhetorical questions as discursive and argumentative acts . stockholm : almqvist & wiksell international , 1994 . pp . vii , 248 . issacharoff , michael and lelia madrid . de la pensee au langage . paris : jos corti , 1995 . pp . 228 . jannedy , stefanie , robert poletto , and tracey l . weldon ( eds . ) . language files : materials for an introduction to language & linguistics ( 6th edition ) . columbus : ohio state university press , 1994 . pp . xiii , 477 . kandiah , thiru , and john kwan - terry ( eds . ) . english and language planning : a southeast asian contribution . singapore : times academic press , 1994 . pp . ix , 309 . karlsson , fred , atro voutilainen , juha heikkila , and arto anttila ( eds . ) constraint grammar : a language-independent system for parsing unrestricted text ( natural language processing , 4 ) . berlin and new york : walter de gruyter , 1994 . pp . viii , 430 . cloth dm 298 . 00 . kassai , ilona ( ed . ) . k tnyelv s g ~ s magyar nyelvhaszn lat ( proceedings of the 6th living language conference , 1993 ) . budapest : hungarian academy of sciences , 1995 . pp . 318 . kenesei , istvan ( ed . ) . levels and structures ( approaches to hungarian , volume five ) . szeged : jate , 1995 . pp . 342 . paper $ 19 . 00 . kim - renaud , young - key ( ed . ) thoeretical issues in korean linguistics . stanford : csli publications , 1994 . pp . xvi , 555 . cloth $ 55 . 00 , paper $ 29 . 95 . king , alan . the basque language : a practical introduction . reno , las vegas and london : university of nevada press , 1994 . pp . xvi , 463 . kiyose , gisaburo n . japanese grammar : a new approach . kyoto : kyoto universitypress , 1995 . pp . x , 181 . kretzenbacher , heinz l . and harald weinrich ( eds . ) linguistik der wissenschaftssprache ( akademie der wissenschaften zu berlin , forschungsbericht 10 ) . berlin & new york : walter de gruyter , 1995 . pp . vi , 407 . laing , margaret , and keith williamson ( eds . ) speaking in our tongues : medieval dialectology and related disciplines . rochester , ny : d . s . brewer , 1994 . pp . xi , 231 . lerat , pierre les langues specialisees . paris : presses universitaires de france , 1995 . pp . 201 . levinsohn , stephen h . ( ed . ) . discourse features of ten languages of west - central africa ( publications in linguistics 119 ) . arlington : summer institute of linguistics and the university of texas at arlington press , 1994 . pp . ix , 241 . lima , susan d . , roberta l . corrigan and gregory k . iverson . the reality of linguistic rules ( studies in language companion series , 26 ) . amsterdam and philadelphia : john benjamins , 1994 . pp . xxiii , 480 . lippi - green , rosina . language ideology and language change in early modern german : a sociolinguistic study of the consonantal system of nuremberg . ( amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science ) . amsterdam & philadelphia : john benjamins , 1994 . pp . xiv , 150 . lucas , ceil and clayton valli . language contact in the american deaf community . san diego : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . pp . xviii , 161 . masi canuto , mari luisa . el complemento circunstancial en espanol . castell "" de la plana : publicacions de la universitat jaume i , 1994 . pp . 132 . mcclamrock , ron . existential cognition : computational minds in the world . chicago : university of chicago press , 1995 . pp . viii , 215 . cloth $ 28 . 95 . macwhinney , brian . the childes project : tools for analyzing talk ( 2nd ed . ) . hillsdale , nj : lawrence earlbaum associates , 1995 . pp . xii , 458 . meisel , j rgen m . bilingual first language acquisition : french and german grammatical development . amsterdam & philadelphia : john benjamins , 1994 . pp . 282 . merino , barbara j . , henry t . trueba and fabi n a . samaniego ( eds . ) language and culture in learning : teaching spanoish to nation speakers of spanish . washington and london : the falmer press . pp . xi , 279 . merisalo , outi and raija sarasti - wilenius ( eds . ) mare balticum - - mare nostrum : latin in the countries of the baltic sea ( 1500 - 1800 ) . ( acts of the helsinki colloquium , 16-21 august , 1992 ) . helsinki : academia scientiarum fennica , 1994 . pp . 175 . metzger , david . the lost cause of rhetoric : the relation of rhetoric and geometry in aristotle and lacan . carbondale and edwardsville : southern illinois university press , 1995 . pp . xvi , 135 . miikkulainen , risto . subsymbolic natural language processing : an integrated model of scripts , lexicon , and memory . cambridge : mit press , 1993 . pp . xii , 391 . moeschler , jacques , anne reboul , jean - marc luscher , and jacques jayez . langage et pertinence : r f rence temporelle , anaphore , connecteurs et m taphore . nancy , france : presses universitaires de nancy , 1994 . pp . 301 . paper ff 160 . 00 . moreno de alba , jose g . la pronunciacion del espanol en m xico ( estudios de dialectolog ! a mexicana , v ) . santa teresa , mexico : el colegio de mexico . 1994 . pp . 158 . morzinski , mary . the linguistic influence of polish on joseph conrad 's style ( east european monographs no . cdxii ) lublin : maria curie - sk ~ odowska university , 1994 . pp . 148 . cloth $ 28 . 00 . neel , jasper . aristotle 's voice : rhetoric , theory and writing in america . carbondale and edwardsville : southern illinois university press , 1994 . pp . 259 . cloth $ 34 . 95 , nelson , keith e . and zita reger ( eds . ) children 's language : volume 8 . hillsdale , nj : lawrence earlbaum associates , 1995 . pp . xix , 289 . nesset , tore . russian stress : stress as an inflectional formative in russian noun paradigms and bybee 's cognitive morphology . oslo : novus press , 1994 . paper nok 166 . 00 . pp . xi , 172 . norden , magnus . logische beziehungskonzepte und inferenzprozeduren : zu einer semantisch-kognitiven theorie der verbalen idiome im deutschen . stockholm : almqvist & wiksell international , 1994 . pp . 198 . paper sek 162 . odlin , terence ( ed . ) perspectives on pedagogical grammar ( cambridge applied linguistics series ) . cambridge : cambridge university press , 1994 . pp . x , 340 . perera , katharine , glyn collis & brian richards ( eds . ) . growing points in child language . cambridge : cambridge university press , 1994 . pp . 264 . paper $ 19 . 95 . philippaki - warburton , irene , katerina nicolaidis , and maria sifianou , eds . themes in greek linguistics : papers from the first international conference on greek linguistics , reading , september 1993 . amsterdam & philadelphia : john benjamins publishing company , 1994 . pp . xvii , 534 . quasthoff , uta m . ( ed . ) . aspects of oral communication ( research in text theory ) . berlin and new york : walter de gruyter , 1995 . pp . 493 . cloth 250 . 00 dm . rastier , francois , marc cavazza , and anne abeille . semantique pour l ' analyse de la linguistique a l ' informatique . paris : masson , 1994 . pp . xii , 240 . rey , alain . essays on terminology ( benjamins translation library , 9 ) . amsterdam and philadelphia : john benjamins , 1995 . pp . xiv , 223 . ristad , eric sven , ed . dimacs series in discrete mathematics and theoretical computer science : language computations . american mathematical society . 1994 . pp . xiv , 198 . rosenblatt , louise m . the reader , the text , the poem : the transactional theory fo the literary work . carbondale and edwardsville : southern illinois university press , 1994 . pp . xv , 210 . paper $ 14 . 95 . saarinen , sirkka ( ed . ) . timofej jevsevjevs folklore-sammlungen aus dem tscheremissischen iv ( m moires de la soci t finno - ougrienne , 219 ) . helsinki : suomalais - ugrilainen seura , 1994 . pp . 447 . selting , margret . prosodie im gesprach : aspekte einer interaktionalen phonologie der konversation . ( linguistische arbeiten ; 329 ) . t bingen : max niemeyer verlag , 1995 . pp . xii , 386 . paper dm 178 . scholfield , phil . quantifying language : a researcher 's and teacher 's guide to gathering language data and reducing it to figures . clevedon , philadelphia and adelaide : multilingual matters , ltd . , 1995 . pp . x , 298 . cloth $ 89 . 95 , paper $ 29 . 95 . schwink , frederick w . linguistic typology , universality and the realism of reconstruction ( journal of indo - european studies monograph series , 12 ) . washington , d . c . : institute for the study of man , 1994 . pp . 133 . sokolov , jeffrey l . and catherine e . snow ( eds . ) . handbook of research in language development ising childes . hillsdale , nj : lea , 1994 . pp . 489 . paper $ 29 . 95 , cloth $ 89 . 95 . snell hornby , mary , franz p chhacker , and klaus kaindl ( eds . ) . translation studies : an interdiscipline . amsterdam & philadelphia : john benjamins , 1994 . pp . 438 . steen , gerard . understanding metaphor in literature : an empirical approach . ( studies in language and linguistics ) . london & ny : longman , 1994 . pp . xiii , 263 . su , soon peng . lexical ambiguity in poetry . ( studies in language and linguistics ) . london & ny : longman , 1994 . pp . ix , 188 . syrett , martin . the unaccented vowels of proto - norse . odense , denmark : odense university press , 1994 . pp . 323 . paper dkk 240 . 00 . szalay , lorand b . , et al . american and chinese perceptions and belief systems : a people 's republic of china - - taiwanese comparison ( cognition and language series ) . ny : plenum press , 1994 . pp . x , 270 . paper $ 69 . 50 . tager - flusberg , helen ( ed . ) . constraints on language acquisition : studies of atypical children . hillsdale , nj : lawrence erlbaum , 1994 . pp . 356 . cloth $ 49 . 95 . tichy , eva . die nomina agentis auf - tar - im vedischen . heidelberg : universit tsverlag c . winter , 1995 . pp . vii , 416 . cloth dm 128 . uda , chiharu . complex predicates in japanese . ny : garland publishing , inc . , 1994 . pp . 358 . cloth $ 72 . 00 . van coetsem , frans . the vocalism of the germanic parent language : systematic evolution and sociohistorical context . heidelberg : universit tsverlag c . winter , 1994 . pp . 230 . veikhman , gregory . a new look at english syntax . moscow : h . g . s . ltd . , 1995 . pp . 289 . weaver , charles a . , iii , suzanne mannes , and charles r . fletcher ( eds . ) . discourse comprehension : essays in honors of walter kintsch . hillsdale , nj : lawrence erlbaum associates , 1995 . pp . xii , 426 . cloth $ 79 . 95 , paper $ 39 . 95 . wenzel , siegfried . macaronic sermons : bilingualism and preaching in late-medieval engliand . ann arbor : university of moichigan press , 1994 . pp . xiii , 361 . cloth $ 52 . 50 . wind , jan , abraham jonker , robin allott , and leonard rolfe , eds . studies in language origins , vol . 3 . amsterdam & philadelphia : john benjamins , 1994 . pp . xix , 344 . winter , werner ( ed . ) on languages and language : the presidential addresses of the 1991 meeting of the societas linguistica europaea ( trends in linguistics . studies and monographs : 78 ) . berlin and new york : mouton de gruyter , 1995 . pp . 294 . requests may be made to : languages reviews c / o edwin battistella humanities division wayne state college wayne , ne 68787 langrev @ wscgate . wsc . edu if requesting by email , please include a s-mail address .
",0
1473,"Subject: 
 
 webelhuth , gert ( editor ) ; ( university of north carolina , chapel hill ) government and binding theory and the minimalist program : principles and parameters in syntactic theory march 1995 6 x 9 400 pages 0-631 - 18061 - 3 paperback $ 24 . 95 0-631 - 18059 - 1 hardcover $ 69 . 95 this volume provides an authoritative overview of government and binding theory , and - - in crucial new papers by noam chomsky and alec marantz - - of the subsequent development of the minimalist program . written by a group of internationally respected researchers , each chapter is focused on an individual module of the theory . articles describe the current development of and state of work on a particular topic ; its place within the architecture of the gb approach to linguistic structure ; and the prospects and need for change within the module . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com haegeman , liliane ( university of geneva , switzerland ) introduction to government and binding theory 1994 6 1 / 2 x 9 1 / 2 728 pages 0-631 - 19067 - 8 paperback $ 27 . 95 this new edition has been extensively updated throughout . major structural changes include new chapters on functional heads and head movement and on relativized minimality . discussions of a number of topics either absent from or only briefly addressed in the first edition have been integrated or expanded , for example , the structure of small clauses , chain formation , and reconstruction , multiple movement , wh - absorption , full interpretation , and expletive replacement . the copious exercises have been revised to increase potential for creativity and flexibility to approach . new exercises highlight further controversial issues . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com wardhaugh , ronald ( university of toronto ) understanding english grammar : a linguistic approach january 1995 6 3 / 4 x 9 3 / 4 288 pages 0-631 - 19642 - 0 paperback $ 24 . 95 0-631 - 19641 - 2 hardcover $ 54 . 95 understanding english grammar presents the essentials of english structure comprehensibly to students who have had little or no opportunity to study the language , and does so within a framework derived from modern linguistic theory . students , however , require no previous knowledge of linguistics . through use of this book , students will gain an understanding of what is involved in the scholarly study of language and , while doing so , acquire a considerable knowledge of english grammar . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com hornstein , norbert ( university of maryland , college park ) logical form : from gb to minimalism july 1995 6 x 9 240 pages 0-631 - 18942 - 4 paperback $ 24 . 95 0-631 - 17912 - 7 hardcover $ 59 . 95 the aim of this book is to review critically grammatical research into logical form over the past 20 years and to reconsider some of its major themes in the light of recent theoretical innovations . the book focuses especially on quantifier raising and a host of conditions that have been proposed a constrain valid lf phrase markers . the second section considers what properties a "" minimalist "" lf should have . this material is by its nature more speculative . among the topics broached are anticedent contained deletion constructions , weak crossover configurations and multiple interrogatives . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com fu , jingqi . ( university of massachusetts , amherst ) ; on deriving chinese derived nominals : evidence for v - to - n raising , pb . xv + 244 pp . ph . d . dissertation , 1994 . $ 16 + s / h ( $ 3 domestic , $ 4 foreign surface ) . glsa , glsa @ linguist . umass . edu . this thesis investigates the syntactic structure of chinese derived nominals and argues for a syntactic account ( hazout ( 1990 ) and borer ( 1991 , forthcoming ) and against a lexical account ( chomsky 1970 , grimshaw 1990 ) of nominalization . it is shown that derived nominals exhibit both nominal and verbal properties . since these verbal properties , such as word order , vp reconstruction effects , vp sensitive context deletion and constituent structure , are structureal and not lexical in nature , it is argued that derived nominals are best analyzed as syntactically derived from an underlying vp , via head-raising . canac marquis , rejean . ( university of massachusetts , amherst ) ; a / a - bar chain uniformity . pb . xiii + 285 pp . ph . d . dissertation , 1994 . $ 16 + s / h ( $ 3 domestic , $ 4 foreign surface ) . glsa , glsa @ linguist . umass . edu . this thesis develops a theory of chain uniformity based on a strict a / a - bar distinction , replying to alleged shortcomings of an a - a - bar typology of syntactic positions . arguing all positions withing functional categories ( fcs ) are inherently undetermined w . r . t . a / a - bar , chain uniformity allows a chain contextual determination of their a / a - bar status , eliminating the exponential complexity related to increasing number of fcs from a language acquisition viewpoint , yet allowing a cross-linguistic flexibility previous typologies lacked . chain uniformity implies a reanalysis of ( non-unifrom ) operator - variable chains as two unfiorm chains connnected through clausal predication ( as in null operator constructions ( nocs ) ) at the level of agrps , capturing intricate properties of past-participle agreement in french ( chapter 3 ) . other chapters extend the analysis to specific constructions , e . g . scrambling ( chapter 5 ) , weak and weakest crossover effects ( chapter 4 ) and nocs ( chapter 6 ) .
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1474,"Subject: 
 
 history of ling the magic of a common language : jakobson , mathesius , trubetzkoy , and the prague linguistic circle by jindrich toman current studies in linguistics series # 26 , the mit press $ 40 hardcover available from the mit press 800 . 356 . 0343 or < mitpress-orders @ mit . edu > social and cultural environment , historical factors , and tenets of the prague linguistics circle . available for discussion . discourse analysis firth , alan ( ed ) . [ 1995 ] the discourse of negotiation : studies of language in the workplace . language & communication library . pergamon . trix , frances . [ 1993 ] spiritual discourse : learning with an islamic master . university of pennsylvania press . psycholinguistics gleitman , lila and barbara landau . [ 1994 ] the acquisition of the lexicon . a bradford book . the mit press . cambridge , ma . sociolinguistics figueroa , esther . [ 1994 ] sociolinguistic metatheory . language & communication library volume 14 . pergamon . syntax deane , paul d . [ 1992 ] grammar in mind and brain : explorations in cognitive syntax . cognitive linguistics research , 2 . mouton de gruyter . fiengo , robert and robert may . [ 1994 ] indices and identity . linguistic inquiry monograph twenty - four . the mit press : cambridge . kayne , richard s . [ 1994 ] the antisymmetry of syntax . linguistic inquiry monograph twenty - five . the mit press : cambridge . levin , beth and malka rappaport hovav . [ 1995 ] unaccusativity : at the syntax - lexical semantics interface . linguistic inquiry monograph twenty - six . the mit press : cambridge .
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1475,"Subject: 
 
 psycholinguistics aitchison , jean ( university of oxford ) words in the mind : an introduction to the mental lexicon 1994 6 x 9 304 pages 0-631 - 18921 - 1 paperback $ 21 . 95 this book deals with words , and how humans learn them , remember them , understand them , and select them . it discusses the structure and content of the human word-store or ' mental lexicon ' with particular reference to the spoken language of native english speakers . the new edition contains substantial additions and revisions , reflecting new developments arising from the tremendous growth of research into the mental lexicon . there are two new chapters , and others have been considerably expanded . no chapter remains unaltered , and over 300 new references have been added as notes and suggestions for further reading . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . romaine , suzanne ( university of oxford ) bilingualism : second edition 1994 6 x 9 691 pages 0-631 - 19539 - 4 paperback $ 24 . 95 the new edition explores various aspects of bilingual behaviour , such as code switching and language mixing , in terms of their social functions within the bilingual speech community as well as in terms of neurolinguistic organization in the individual speaker . the author also assesses the positive and negative claims made for the effects of bilingualism on children 's cognitive , social and academic development , and examines the assumptions behind various language policies and programs for bilingual children . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com language acquisition smith , neil and tsimpli , ianthi - maria ( university college , london , and university of newcastle upon tyne ) the mind of a savant : language , learning and modularity january 1995 6 x 9 256 pages 0-631 - 19017 - 1 paperback $ 19 . 95 0-631 - 19016 - 3 hardcover $ 49 . 95 savants are people who are mentally and often physically inpaired but who have one dazzling talent . savants with mathematical , artistic or musical ability , while rare , are not unheard of , but cases like that of christopher , who is described here , have never been reported before . in this study neil smith and ianthi tsimpli provide insight into the nature of language and language learning , and on the relation between language and thought in general . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com
",0
1476,"Subject: cognitive science technical reports
 
 the following new technical reports are now available from the institute for research in cognitive science : probabilistic matching of brain images j . c . gee l . lebriquer c . barillot d . r . haynor ircs-95 - 07 $ 2 . 20 image matching has emerged as an important area of investigation in medical image analysis . in particular , much attention has been focused on the atlas problem , in which a template representing the structural anatomy of the human brain is deformed to match anatomic brain images from a given individual . the problem is made difficult because there are important differences in both the gross and local morphology of the brain among normal individuals . we have formulated the image matching problem under a bayesian framework . the bayesian methodology facilitates a principled approach to the development of a matching model . of special interest is its capacity to deal with uncertainty in the estimates , a potentially important but generally ignored aspect of the solution . in the construction of a reference system for the human brain , the bayesian approach is well suited to the task of modeling variation in morphology . statistical information about morphological variability , accumulated over past samples , can be formally introduced into the problem formulation to guide the matching or normalization of future data sets . bayesian approach to the brain image matching problem j . c . gee l . lebriquer c . barillot d . r . haynor r . bajcsy ircs-95 - 08 $ 1 . 80 the application of image matching to the problem of localizing structural anatomy in images of the human brain forms the specific aim of our work . the interpretation of such images is a difficult task for human observers because of the many ways in which the identity of a given structure can be obscured . our approach is based on the assumption that a common topology underlies the anatomy of normal individuals . to the degree that this assumption holds , the localization problem can be solved by determining the mapping from the anatomy of a given individual to some referential atlas of cerebral anatomy . previous such approaches have in many cases relied on a physical interpretation of this mapping . in this paper , we examine a more general bayesian formulation of the image matching problem and demonstrate the approach on two-dimensional magnetic resonance images . xtag system - a wide coverage grammar for english christy doran dania egedi beth ann hockey b . srinivas martin zaidel ircs-95 - 09 $ 1 . 03 this paper presents the xtag system , a grammar development tool based on the tree adjoining grammar ( tag ) formalism that includes a wide-coverage syntactic grammar for english . the various components of the system are discussed and preliminary evaluation results from the parsing of various corpora are given . results from the comparison of xtag against the ibm statistical parser and the alvey natural language tool parser are also given . disambiguation of super parts of speech ( or supertags ) : almost parsing aravind k . joshi b . srinivas ircs-95 - 10 $ 1 . 28 in a lexicalized grammar formalism such as lexicalized tree - adjoining grammar ( ltag ) , each lexical item is associated with at least one elementary structure ( supertag ) that localizes syntactic and semantic dependencies . thus a parser for a lexicalized grammar must search a large set of supertags to choose the right ones to combine for the parse of the sentence . we present techniques for disambiguating supertags using local information such as lexical preference and local lexical dependencies . the similarity between ltag and dependency grammars is exploited in the dependency model of supertag disambiguation . the performance results for various models of supertag disambiguation such as unigram , trigram and dependency-based models are presented . a freely available syntactic lexicon for english dania egedi patrick martin ircs-95 - 11 $ 1 . 18 this paper presents a syntactic lexicon for english that was originally derived from the oxford advanced learner 's dictionary and the oxford dictionary of current idiomatic english , and then modified and augmented by hand . there are more than 37 , 000 syntactic entries from all 8 parts of speech . an x - windows based tool is available for maintaining the lexicon and performing searches . c and lisp hooks are also available so that the lexicon can be easily utilized by parsers and other programs . lexicalization and grammar development b . srinivas dania egedi christy doran tilman becker ircs-95 - 12 $ 1 . 18 in this paper we present a fully lexicalized grammar formalism as a particularly attractive framework for the specification of natural language grammars . we discuss in detail feature - based , lexicalized tree adjoining grammars ( fb-ltag s ) , a representative of the class of lexicalized grammars . we illustrate the advantages of lexicalized grammars in various contexts of natural language processing , ranging from wide-coverage grammar development to parsing and machine translation . we also present a method for compact and efficient representation of lexicalized trees . a processing model for free word order languages owen rambow aravind k . joshi ircs-95 - 13 $ 2 . 00 like many verb-final languages , german displays considerable word-order freedom : there is no syntactic constraint on the ordering of the nominal arguments of a verb , as long as the verb remains in final position . this effect is referred to as ` ` scrambling ' ' , and is interpreted in transformational frameworks as leftward movement of the arguments . furthermore , arguments from an embedded clause may move out of their clause ; this effect is referred to as ` ` long-distance scrambling ' ' . while scrambling has recently received considerable attention in the syntactic literature , the status of long-distance scrambling has only rarely been addressed . the reason for this is the problematic status of the data : not only is long-distance scrambling highly dependent on pragmatic context , it also is strongly subject to degradation due to processing constraints . as in the case of center-embedding , it is not immediately clear whether to assume that observed unacceptability of highly complex sentences is due to grammatical restrictions , or whether we should assume that the competence grammar does not place any restrictions on scrambling ( and that , therefore , all such sentences are in fact grammatical ) , and the unacceptability of some ( or most ) of the grammatically possible word orders is due to processing limitations . in this paper , we will argue for the second view by presenting a processing model for german . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * how to access reports : the reports are available in bound form for the price listed above , or may be obtained for free , electronically . to obtain a compressed postscript copy of the report , open an anonymous ftp session on ftp . cis . upenn . edu path : pub / ircs / technical-reports the files are named according to their number . for example , report 95-01 is stored as 95-01 . ps . z , 95-02 is stored as 95-02 . ps . z , etc . if you are using ftp , change the setting to binary and download the file . to get a copy of report 95-01 , you would type : binary get 95-01 . ps . z you can also obtain files through electronic mail . send a mail message to ircsserv @ ftp . cis . upenn . edu . the message should read "" send technical-reports filename "" . you will receive the compressed postscript file in reply . requests for bound copies should be sent to the address listed below , and include a check for the price of the desired report . checks should be made payable to "" trustees of the university of pennsylvania . "" jodi kerper jbkerper @ central . cis . upenn . edu institute for research in cognitive science 3401 walnut street , suite 400c philadelphia , pa 19104-6228
",0
1477,"Subject: 
 
 semantics 1 ) p . m . bertinetto , v . bianchi , j . higginbotham , m . squartini ( eds . ) : temporal reference , aspect , and actionality . vol . 1 : semantic and syntactic perspectives . pb : 250pp . ; approx . usd 30 ; rosenberg & sellier ( via andrea doria 14 , i-10123 torino , credit card accepted ) actionality : p . m . bertinetto & m . squartini , l . j . brinton , i . depraetere , j - p . descles & z . guentcheva , e . ; semantics and syntax : a . bonomi , g . chierchia , d . delfitto & pm . bertinetto , a . lenci , j . pustejovsky & f . busa , a . sanfilippo , h . verkuyl ; discourse relations : r . boogaart , w . castelnovo , w . castelnovo & r . vogel , v . lo cascio , c . vet ; syntax & semantics : v . bianchi , m . squartini , pm . bertinetto , l . dini , a . giorgi & f . pianesi , j . nunes & e . thompson , t . stowell , k . zagona . 2 ) p . m . bertinetto , v . bianchi , o . dahl , m . squartini ( eds . ) : temporal reference , aspect , and actionality . vol . 2 : typological perspectives . pb : 250 pp . ; approx . usd 30 ; rosenberg & sellier ( via andrea doria 14 , i-10123 torino , credit card accepted ) general issues : o . dahl , c . de groot , r . thieroff & m . budde ; the interrelationship of aspect and actionality : c . bache , l . gebert , j . lindstedt , c . s . smith , h . tommola ; the progressive : o . heinamaki , e . konig , h . metslang , k . h . ebert ; the perfects : j . boulle , f . fici giusti , t . a . j . m . janssen , a . mittwoch ; tense & beyond : a . aksu koc , a . giacalone ramat . for more informations : bertinet @ sns . it
",0
1478,"Subject: 
 
 simply send a message to : listserv @ tamvm1 . tamu . edu ( internet ) or listserv @ tamvm1 ( bitnet ) the message should consist of the single line : get publishername lst linguist for example , to get more information on a book published by mouton de gruyter , send the message : get mouton lst linguist at the moment , the following lists are available : benjamin lst ( john benjamins ) erlbaum lst ( lawrence erlbaum ) kluwer lst ( kluwer academic publishers ) mouton lst ( mouton de gruyter ) sil lst ( summer institute of linguistics ) ucp lst ( university of chicago press ) glsa lst ( u . of massachusetts graduate linguistics association ) osuwpl lst ( ohio state working papers in linguistics ) cornell lst ( cornell university linguistics dept . ) usc lst ( u . of s . california dissertation list ) csli lst ( csli list )
",0
1479,"Subject: notice to subscribers
 
 moderators ' note : as some of you have noted , we have fallen behind in posting messages this summer . the reason is that we are extremely shorthanded right now . as you know , none of our student editors is paid during the summer , so if they want to go to the lsa institute ( ljuba and anna ) , take a "" real "" 9 - 5 : 00 job ( ron ) , or even get married ( ann ) , all we can say is : a ) godspeed b ) boy , do we now realize how much work you were doing all year ! we have n't edited without help since the list was 1000 subscribers . now it 's 6500 ; and we find that we simply can't keep up in the time we have to give to linguist . ( unfortunately , our universities expect us to teach , write , run academic programs , and otherwise pretend we ' re professors . editing linguist is strictly extra-curricular . ) all this is said , not in order to complain , but simply to ask for your patience with the inevitable slowdown . at this point , we do n't see anything we can do about it . however , in a few weeks , things should improve . ann ( bride of 2 weeks ! ) is helping out now when she can ; and the others will help out again when they get settled . also , software that will make the editing faster should be in place by the end of summer . but , of course , the real solution would be paid editors in the summer , i . e . , grad students on fellowship and enrolled in summer school . thus , we want to thank - - most heartily - - those of you who have contributed to the linguist development fund that makes possible fellowships for student editors . after told you in april that we were $ 5000 short of the $ 8000 we need to retain ljuba and ann , you responded most generously . we received about 200 contributions ranging from $ 5 to $ 500 and coming from all parts of the globe . we are extremely grateful for contributions of all sizes - - and for the many encouraging notes we received as well . the list of 1995 contributors below includes grad students , professors , departments , universities , and commercial and non-commercial publishers . please take a minute to read through it , as we would like to make sure that supporters are recognized - - particularly organizations and publishers , who contribute more as a service to the discipline than for commercial benefits . unfortunately , we are still short of our goal . if you ' ve been thinking of contributing but have n't gotten around to it yet , we 'd very much appreciate your help . please send your contributions to : linguist editorial support fund c / o english dept . eastern michigan u . ypsilanti , mi 48197 usa and , once again , our most sincere thanks to the individuals and institutions listed below . - helen & anthony - - - - - - - - - - 1995 contributors - - - - - - - - valued supporters : anonymous ( 3 ) barbara abbott maher awad yukiko sasaki alam robert beard elabbas benmamoun robert chandler linda coleman alan cienki donna cromer stanley dubinsky bethany dumas susan fischer frank gladney john grinstead yukio hirose alice horning shin ja hwang frances ingemann margaret jackman james jenkins brian joseph martin jung carolyn kirkpatrick yuriko kite ernest mccarus scott mcginnis deborah mandelbaum jeff marck susan pintzuk terence potter mel resnick burton rosner catherine rudin janine scanarelli makoto shimizu beth simon patrons ( $ 50 or more ) : anonymous australia national university ( for pacific linguistics press ) michael bernstein ( for cascadilla press ) garland bills claude boisson e . wayles browne tucker childs bernard comrie julia falk james harris carolyn herrarte richard hudson roderick jacobs karen jensen ( w / matching funds from microsoft ) james kirchner tadao miyamato katsuhiko momoi daniel radzinski alexis manaster ramer barbara pearson joe salmons & monica macaulay ucla yutaka sato ernest scatton karen stanley karl teeter theo vennemann mainstays ( $ 100 or more ) : anonymous victoria fromkin arnold zwicky university of helsinki ? elsevier science ltd . globalink : the translation co . holland academic graphics indiana university linguistics club publications linguistics dept . , academica sinica john benjamins , inc . kluwer academic publishing lawrence erlbaum macquarie dictionary the mit press ( book dept . ) the mit press ( journals dept . ) the mit working papers in linguistics summer institute of linguistics
",0
1480,"Subject: haskins laboratories world wide web site
 
 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = haskins laboratories , located in new haven , connecticut , is a private , non-profit research laboratory founded in 1935 . we have been continuously engaged in interdisciplinary basic research for over fifty years , including pioneering work on the acoustics of speech , the development of speech synthesis and its application to the study of speech perception . currently , most of the laboratories ' research projects are focused on problems in human communication and related topics , including speech perception , speech production , reading , linguistics , motor behavior , cognitive science , nonlinear dynamics , medical imaging , functional mri , etc . our < a href = "" http : / / www . haskins . yale . edu / "" > www home page < / a > provides an overview of the laboratories . < a href = "" http : / / www . haskins . yale . edu / haskins / misc / special . html "" > special features < / a > of our web site include a virtual tour of the < a href = "" http : / / www . haskins . yale . edu / haskins / misc / pp / pp . html "" > pattern playback < / a > , an early talking machine ; a description of research on < a href = "" http : / / www . haskins . yale . edu / haskins / misc / sws / sws . html "" > sinewave synthesis < / a > that includes an on-line perception experiment ; an interactive tutorial on our < a href = "" http : / / www . haskins . yale . edu / haskins / misc / asy / asy . html "" > articulatory synthesis < / a > vocal tract model ; and information on < a href = "" http : / / www . haskins . yale . edu / haskins / misc / vtv / vtv . html "" > v-tv < / a > , the vocal tract visualizer cd-rom that is presently under development , including some sample < a href = "" http : / / www . haskins . yale . edu / haskins / misc / vtv / mrisets . html "" > mri images < / a > . philip rubin , ph . d . vice president for technical resources haskins laboratories 270 crown st . , new haven , ct 06511 email : rubin @ haskins . yale . edu www : http : / / www . haskins . yale . edu
",0
1481,"Subject: announce : mac common lisp http server 1 . 2 beta ( 29 . 2 )
 
 the common lisp web server is now available for mcl 3 . 0 . you can now interface your lisp programs to the world show exactly what you can do better and faster in lisp . the server is full-featured ( http 1 . 0 and html 2 . 0 ) and comes complete with source code . it has been proven in major production systems ( running on the lisp machine ) and applied in a number of artificial intelligence systems . key features include : * computed urls * html 2 . 0 generation . * implements get , head , post , put , delete http methods . * extensible , object-oriented architecture . * advanced condition architecture . * self - documentation . * working examples to get you started . * toolkit of web abstractions . * rapid prototyping for research , products , or protocol development . * disconnected operation on powerbooks . * complete source code . * free . the server was described in a paper at the 1st www conference http : / / www . ai . mit . edu / projects / iiip / doc / cl-http / server-abstract . html mac and lisp machine versions are now available for ftp from : ftp : / / ftp . ai . mit . edu / pub / users / jcma / cl-http / mac version 1 . 1 is included in the mcl 3 . 0 cd from digitool ( http : / / www . digitool . com / ) , which was cut yesterday and should be in user hands within about two weeks . the server also runs in mcl 2 . 0 . 1 , but only in single threaded mode . a listserve to discuss common lisp based www servers , clients , and related design issues is available at www-cl @ ai . mit . edu . you can join by sendin g an email message to www-cl - request @ ai . mit . edu including in the message body subscribe www-cl < your email address > future releases will be announced to www-cl . please report any interesting applications or server extensions to www-cl @ ai . mit . edu volunteers are sought for ports to lispworks , franz , lucid , cmu lisp or any other full-featured lisps running on pcs , unix machines , or other architectures . given the mac port , this reduces to deploying threads and interfacing to tcp . there will be a tutorial on this server and programming the web at the 1995 lisp users and vendors conference in cambridge in august , 1995 . ( contact luv-organizer @ ai . sri . com for further information ) . information is sought on other uses of dynamic languages ( e . g . , lisp , scheme , dylan ) in world wide web applications . the mac port was a product of a collaboration between apple 's cambridge research laboratory , the ai department of the university of wuerzburg , digitool inc , and the mit artificial intelligence laboratory . support for the mit ai lab 's research is provided in part by the advanced research projects agency of the us department of defense under contract number mda972-93 - 1-003n7 .
",0
1482,"Subject: ipa fonts for unix ( tex )
 
 in linguist 6 . 810 , steve anderson requested an english version of the documentation for the tsipa fonts . prof . fukui rei , one of the authors of the fonts , has supplied such a translation and also indicated that a new version of tsipa package in the ctan archives is being prepared which will contain this documentation . in the meantime , the documentation is available via ftp at taptet . sscl . uwo . ca in subdirectory pub . download the files tsipadoc . ps or tsipadoc . lj ( postscript , pcl versions ) depending on your printer . if you wish to process the documentation yourself , download tsipa . sty . gz and tsipadoc . tar . gz . use latex 2 . 09 , not latex2e . chet creider < creider @ julian . uwo . ca >
",0
1483,"Subject: 
 
 lappin , shalom ( editor ) , ( school of oriental and african studies , london ) the handbook of contemporary semantic theory december 1995 6 3 / 4 x 9 3 / 4 608 pages 0-631 - 18752 - 9 hardcover this volume provides a comprehensive view of the central issues in contemporary semantic theory . new articles by leading researchers in the field give an introductory account of previous work along with a presentation of new innovations and results . thus the handbook is both an authoritative guide to the major developments of linguistic semantics and a significant contribution to the current research . the articles in the handbook are written in an accessible style and include detailed references . in addition , the volume includes an extensive central bibliography which is intended to serve as a research tool for students and linguists working in the field . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com goldsmith , john a . ( university of chicago ) the handbook of phonological theory january 1995 6 3 / 4 x 9 3 / 4 1000 pages 0-631 - 18062 - 1 hardcover $ 79 . 95 the handbook of phonological theory brings together a detailed examination of the state of phonological theory in this decade . in a series of essays on topics as varied as underspecification theory , prosodic morphology , and syllable structure , 37 leading phonologists offer a critical survey of the leading and guiding ideas that lie behind the research in this active area of linguistic research . in all cases , the contributions have been written by leading workers in the areas which they discuss , and in many of the cases , the chapters of the handbook are the first published expositions of new perspectives which have already begun to shape the climate of research in the field . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com fletcher , paul and macwhinney , brian ( editors ) , ( university of reading and carnegie mellon university ) the handbook of child language 1994 6 3 / 4 x 9 3 / 4 786 pages 0-631 - 18405 - 8 hardcover $ 79 . 95 this volume , in its twenty-five definitive papers on normal and non-normal language development , represents the authoritative and up-to - date complete sourcebook on child language development . all aspects of child 's language development are addressed , including phonetics , phonology , grammar , and lexical development . connectionism and government-binding theory , as applied to development , are fully represented . the relevance of input , cognition and social factors to language development is explored . chapters on methodology , particularly using computer databases , are provided for both normal and non-normal acquisition . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com gottlieb , a . & murphy , m . l . beng-english dictionary ( with english-beng index ) . 1995 . xxv + 116 pp . prepaid u . s . check or money order , us $ 11 . 50 + 3 . 50 p&h ( us ) / 5 . 00 ( can ) / 5 . 50 ( other ) . iulc publications , 720 e . atwater ave . , bloomington in 47401 . < iulc @ indiana . edu > this is the first dictionary of this southern mande language of the cote d ' ivoire . with over 2000 headwords plus many idiomatic phrases , it provides linguistic and cultural information . an introduction on the sociolinguistic status of beng , and a section on its phonology and grammar are included .
",0
1484,"Subject: 
 
 labov , william ( university of pennsylvania ) principles of linguistic change : volume 1 : internal factors 1994 6 x 9 672 pages 0-631 - 17914 - 3 paperback $ 29 . 95 0-631 - 17913 - 5 hardcover $ 69 . 95 this book develops the general principles of linguistic change that form the foundations of historical linguistics , dialectology and sociolinguistics . it is concerned with the factors that govern the internal development of linguistic structures : the mechanisms of change , the constraints on change , and the ways in which change is embedded in the larger linguistic system . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com chambers , j . k . ( university of toronto ) sociolinguistic theory : linguistic variation and its social significance february 1995 6 x 9 256 pages 0-631 - 18326 - 4 paperback $ 19 . 95 0-631 - 18325 - 6 hardcover $ 52 . 95 since the inception of sociolinguistics more than three decades ago , the correlation of dependent linguistic variables with independent social variables has provided the theoretical core of the discipline . chambers reviews the essential findings of henrietta cedegren , william labov , lesley milroy and james milroy , david sankoff , gillian sankoff , peter trudgill , walt wolfram , and many others , and puts them into context both with the work of the numerous linguists who have followed their lead and with their intellectual forbears from wilhelm von humboldt and louis gauchat to edward sapir . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com clackson , james ( trinity college , university of cambridge , uk ) the linguistic relationship between armenian and greek january 1995 5 1 / 2 x 8 1 / 2 276 pages 0-631 - 19197 - 6 paperback $ 29 . 95 this work examines the evidence for a special relationship between greek and armenian within the indo - european family . it contains studies of the methods used to assess interrelationships within language families ; the comparative reconstruction of proto - indo - european ; the interpretation of greek and armenian texts ; and the developments of the greek and armenian languages . the work outlines the existing methods employed for assessing the relationships between languages in the same genetic family , and sets forward the principles on which such investigations should proceed . the following chapters examine specific agreements between greek and armenian , and assess their significance for the relationship between the two languages . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com
",0
1485,"Subject: 
 
 tsujimura , natsuko an introduction to japanese linguistics january 1996 6 3 / 4 x 9 3 / 4 400 pages 0-631 - 19856 - 3 paperback 0-631 - 19855 - 5 hardcover this is the first textbook on the structure of japanese written in the framework of generative linguistics . it serves both as an introduction to japanese linguistics for those who have no prior knowledge of linguistics , and as a reference book on japanese for linguists in general . the book gives a comprehensive account of japanese linguistics covering phonetics , phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics , language change , dialect variation and gender differences . the author introduces linguistic notions and terminology and discusses theoretical analyzes for linguistic phenomena in the language . a major focus is on phonology and syntax , where the formal approach of generative grammar is adopted . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com de bruyne , jacques and pountain , christopher ( rijksuniversiteit gent and university of cambridge ) a comprehensive spanish grammar october 1995 5 1 / 2 x 8 1 / 2 624 pages 0-631 - 19087 - 2 paperback $ 29 . 95 0-631 - 16803 - 6 hardcover $ 64 . 95 this is a definitive grammar for all students of spanish . the book covers topics from basic pronounciation and the use of the noun , to particular problem areas , such as difficulties with verbs and word order . special sections examine regional diversity within the language , and attention is paid throughout to the inclusion of latin - american spanish . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com dr jassem , zaidan ali et al , 1995 , drills in arabic writing & pronunciation as a foreign / second language : a comparison with english and languages of the muslim world . pp . xxi , 114 . ( golden books centre sdn bhd , no . 14 , 1st floor , lorong bunus enam , off jalan masjid india , 50100 kuala lumpur , malaysia . tel . + o3 - 2939862 / 2939864 ; fax : + o3 - 2928035 . this book deals with the teaching of arabic writing and pronunciation from the viewpoint of modern linguistics , ie , structuralist linguistics . it has three parts : one for vowels , long and short as well as other writing marks ; one for consonants ; and one on the pronunciation of the definite article al - in its qamari and shamsi forms . each letter or sound is presented separately and contrasted with other sounds or letters . the book is the first of its kind in arabic and is suitable for every one with interest in arabic language and linguistics .
",0
1486,"Subject: 
 
 sacks , harvey , ( edited by emanuel schegloff ) lectures on conversation january 1995 6 x 9 1520 pages 1-55786 - 705 - 4 paperback $ 59 . 95 this project makes available for the first time the entire corpus of lectures by a writer whose thought and method influenced a generation of sociologists and sociolinguists . originally published as two volumes , this comprehensive single-volume edition contains the complete lectures , beginning with the lectures delivered at ucla , from fall 1964 through spring 1968 . sacks explores a great variety of topics , but two key issues emerge : rules of conversational sequencing , and membership categorization devices . the lectures culminate in the extensive and formal explication of turn-taking delivered in fall 1967 . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com sperber , dan and wilson , deirdre relevance : communication and cognition second edition october 1995 6 x 9 320 pages 0-631 - 19878 - 4 paperback $ 19 . 95 this second edition contains the original text , corrected and with new explanatory notes , and a postface outlining developments in relevance theory since the first edition , discussing the more serious criticisms of the theory , and envisaging possible revisions or extensions . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com scollon , ronald and scollon , suzanne wong ( city polytechnic of hong kong , hong kong ) intercultural communication 1994 6 x 9 301 pages 0-631 - 19489 - 4 paperback $ 22 . 95 0-631 - 19488 - 6 hardcover $ 49 . 95 this volume is both an introduction and practical guide to the main concepts and problems of intercultural communication . viewed from within the framework of interactive sociolinguistics associated with tannen , gumperz , and others , this volume focuses in particular on the discourse of westerners and of asians , the discourse of men and women , corporate discourse and the discourse of professional organizations , and inter-generational discourse . it makes use of research in pragmatics , discourse analysis , organizational communications , social psychology , and the ethnography of communication . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com coulmas , florian ( chuo university , tokyo ) the blackwell encyclopedia of writing systems november 1995 640 pages 0-631 - 19446 - 0 hardcover $ 74 . 95 this book draws on historical and paleographic research into fundamental structural options of representing language by means of a graphic code , on psychological investigation into the social conditions and consequences of literacy . entries vary between short explanations of terms and concepts , brief accounts of individual writing systems and longer theoretical articles . the encyclopedia contains an array of visual examples and is supported by a comprehensive bibliography . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com barton , david ( university of lancaster , uk ) literacy : an introduction to the ecology of written language 1994 6 x 9 264 pages 0-631 - 19091 - 0 paperback $ 21 . 95 0-631 - 19089 - 9 hardcover $ 49 . 95 this is the first general introduction to the new emerging field of literacy studies . it brings recent developments together in a coherent manner , by showing how new research has contributed to our understanding of literacy practices in a range of settings . the book explores the competing definitions of literacy in contemporary society , and examines the theories of language and of learning which underpin new views of literacy . the book is intended as an introduction to literacy studies for the student or general reader . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com vincent , nigel ( university of manchester ) language , linguistics and philology : papers from the philological society anniversary symposium , november 1992 december 1995 0-631 - 19068 - 6 paperback this volume brings together a selection of papers from the 1992 philological society anniversary symposium which explore the connections between linguistic thought in britain and europe in the 19th and 20th centuries and current research . the chapters cover semantics , syntax , morphology and phonology . a particular focus is the reception of european and american ideas within linguistics in britain . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com
",0
1487,"Subject: journal of japanese linguistics : vol . 15
 
 content - length : 3687 i am sending the following announcement of the new issue ( vol . 15 ) of the journal of japanese linguistics on behalf of the editors . all inquiries should be addressed to the journal 's addresses ( surface , e-mail , fax ) provided below . the announcement is primarily meant for scholars residing outside japan . this document and later updates , if any , will also be available at the following www site : http : / / condor . stcloud . msus . edu : 20020 / tojpn . html - - - - - - journal of japanese linguistics volume 15 ( 1993 ) table of contents lexical and productive causatives in japanese : an examination of the theory of paradigmatic structure s . - y . kuroda , university of california , san diego nonsubject honorification : a pragmatic analysis shoko hamano , george washington university the generalized transformation analysis of relative clauses and island effects in japanese keiko murasugi , kinjo gakuin university notes on control constructions in japanese naoko nemoto , binghamton university extraction of doo and its implications hiroyuki ura , mit - - - - - - rates libraries / institutions individuals vol . 15 $ 35 . 00 $ 20 . 00 back issues available : vol . 14 $ 35 . 00 $ 20 . 00 vol . 13 $ 30 . 00 $ 18 . 00 vol . 12 $ 30 . 00 $ 18 . 00 vol . 11 $ 25 . 00 $ 16 . 00 ( only a few copies left ) * * issues prior to vol . 10 are no longer available . * * vol . 11 was published as papers in japanese linguistics all orders should be prepaid in u . s . currency . include an additional us $ 7 . 50 ( per copy ) for air mail postage outside japan . shipment by sea ( surface ) is free . send checks or money orders ( payable to the journal of japanese linguistics ) to the jjl office . all orders , inquiries , and manuscripts should be sent to : jjl nanzan university email : jjl @ ic . nanzan-u . ac . jp 18 yamazatocho , showaku fax : japan 052-832 - 5490 nagoya 466 japan editors : yasuaki abe ( nanzan u . ) yoko sugioka ( keio u . )
",0
1488,"Subject: re : toc
 
 dear colleague , i would like to send you the following announcement ( the publisher has no email connection ) . "" rivista di linguistica "" , volume 6 , issue 2 , 1994 on linguistic categorization 163 stefania giannini & romano lazzeroni , foreword 167 d . a . cruse , prototype theory and lexical relations 189 dirk geeraerts , classical definability and the monosemic bias 209 stefania giannini , gender grammatical polarization in late latin and some italian dialectal areas . a cognitive view 237 georges kleiber , lexicon et cognition : y a-t - il des termes de base ? 267 romano lazzeroni , rileggendo benveniste : le relazioni di persona nel verbo 275 geoffrey s . nathan , how the phoneme inventory gets its shape cognitive grammar 's view of phonological systems 289 paolo ramat & davide ricca , prototypical adverbs : on the scalarity / radiality of the notion of adverb 327 john r . taylor , fuzzy categories in syntax : the case of possessives and compounds in english 347 anna wierzbicka , the universality of taxonomic categorization and the indispensability of the concept ' kind ' 365 margaret e . winters , who are you talking to ? or , whom should i say is calling ? language change in the adult grammar for more information : bertinet @ sns . it
",0
1489,"Subject: ial east asian perspective
 
 the following special issue of issues in applied linguistics is now available : applied linguistics from an east asian perspective including the following articles , interviews and book reviews : articles writing concepts in chinese by xia wang a cross cultural study of indirectness by hiroko spees developmental sequences in learning japanese : a look at negation by ruth kanagy the multiple functions of sumimasen by kazumi kimura socializing the expression of affect : an overview of affective particle usage in the jfl classroom by amy snyder ohta english and japanese demonstratives : a contrastive study of sla by tomomi niimura and brenda hayashi the role of questioning in japanese political discourse by mariko yokota english and japanese : a cross - cultural comparison of parental styles in narrative elicitation by masahiko minami interviews issues in chinese functionalism : an interview with sandra thompson by chiung - chih huang a new perspective on women 's language in japanese : an interview with sachiko ide by satomi mishina on the "" theory of territory of information "" : an interview with akio kamio by yumiko kawanishi conditionals and the logic of desirability : an interview with noriko akatsuka by patricia mayes book reviews a korean grammar on semantic - pragmatic principles by keedong lee reviewed by sung - ock s . sohn korean by ho - min sohn reviewed by yumiko kawanishi knowledge of reflexives in a second language by margaret thomas reviewed by colleen wong english grammar for students of japanese by mutsuko endo hudson reviewed by satomi mishina discourse modality by senko maynard reviewed by eri yoshida subjectivity in grammar and discourse by shoichi iwasaki reviewed by ryoko suzuki an introduction to japanese grammar and communication strategies by senko maynard reviewed by motoko ezaki to order , print out the order form below , fill in your address and send with your check to the following address : make checks payable to issues in applied linguistics ucla department of tesl / applied linguistics 3300 rolfe hall 405 hilgard avenue los angeles , ca 90024-1531 rates : _ _ student $ 7 . 50 _ _ faculty / individual $ 15 . 00 _ _ institution $ 20 . 00 for overseas orders , please include appropriate fee for one of the following mailing methods - - - - surface $ 2 . 50 - - - air mail $ 7 . 50 amount enclosed : $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone / fax _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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1490,"Subject: electronic informants needed !
 
 content - length : 445 this is posted on behalf of an ma student at birmingham university who is not on the list . for the purposes of his research he needs native speakers of german and italian to translate 60 short english sentences into their own language . if you are willing to volunteer , please send a message to : bastaj-p @ m4 - arts . bham . ac . uk ( tony bastow ) - and he will send you the sentences by e-mail . thanks ! sue blackwell
",0
1491,"Subject: query : japanese hist / lx
 
 content - length : 1277 dear colleagues , i ' m writing on behalf of a friend who is an amateur ( but highly competent ) historical linguist . he 's looking for a list of good historical works on japanese ( including both work on the development of the language , especially its phonology , throughout the written period and work on reconstructing its prior unrecorded form ( s ) and history ) written in either english or german . can you help me compile such a list ? i ' ll post a summary in a fortnight . gratefully , - - ivan a derzhanski ( iad @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk )
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1492,"Subject: hypnosis and teach / learning a l2 .
 
 content - length : 1161 my name is richar king ( raking @ argo . acs . oakland . edu ) . i am a grad student in linguistics . i am looking for info concerning the use of hypnosis ( age-regression ) to teach or learn a l2 . if i could be put in contact with someone who is / has doing / done research along this line i would be eternally grateful . for i would like to write my thesis concerning this . please excuse the typos . thank you , dick king
",0
1493,"Subject: summary and acknowledgments : [ n + v ] verbal compounds
 
 content - length : 5298 summary and acknowledgments on [ n + v ] verbs . in march , we sent a message about [ n + v ] verbal compounds . we were working on this kind of compounds in catalan and we wished to know what happen in other languages . we also asked for references . we received some messages . we briefly sum them up in 1 . in 2 . we list the people which answer us and , although we thank them personaly , we ( re ) thank them . 1 . summary our request said something like this : "" we are two resarchers at the universitat de girona ( sp ) and we are working on a kind of catalan verbal compounding . we sumarize tha characteristics of these compounds here below . we are interested in other vo languages with the same ( or similar ) process of verb formation . [ n + v ] v verbal compounding in catalan to be more clear we enumerate the relevant characteristics of our compounds . 1 . first of all , we must say that catalan is a vo language . 2 . our compounding looks like a process of noun incorporation where the incorporated noun within the lexical item is the ineternal argument in the syntactic structure . see ( 1 ) : ( 1 ) a . el cacador trenca la cama de l ' ocell . the hunter breaks the leg of the bird b . el cacador camtrenca l ' ocell . the hunter leg + breaks the bird 3 . nevertheless , the noun-incorporation doestn ' t affect to the capacity of the verb of assigning acusative case , this is , the complex verb remains transitive . 4 . this kind of "" noun-incorporation "" is only possible when the noun incorporated is a in inalienable possession noun ( ipn ) and the new internal argument of the complex verb is the possessor . see ( 2 ) and ( 3 ) : ( 2 ) a . corferir to heat + hurt b . colltorcer to neck + twist ( 3 ) a . * cadiratrencar to chair + break * ferrotorcer to iron + twist 5 . we hypothesise that the ipn acsts as a kind of modifier in the complex verbal form and it does n't act as a verbal argument "" most of the people gave us references , they are listed below . most of the answers coincide with the belief that this kind of verbal compounds are backformations from adjectives ( in - er ) or nominal compounds . then "" to baby sit "" comes from "" baby sitter "" for example . another repeated idea is that they are n't productive in languages as english , or romance languages . nevertheless , we still claim that both questions , the productiviy and the backformation , are not so clear in catalan . bertienetto notes that maybe there is a relation between this kind of nominal incorporation and a progressive aspect ( it has been also noted in the literature about the theme ; see , for example miller g . ( 1993 ) : complex verb formation , j . benjamins . ) . j . alvarez sent to us an interesting paper on incorporation and possessor ascension in guajiro . in that language , not only inp are able to be incorported but also other kind of nouns . we have n't demonstrated our hypothesis yet but we are carry on with our research and any comment is always welcome . references alvarez , jose ( 1994 ) : "" estudios de linguistica guajira "" . gobernacion del estado de zulia , maracaibo , venezuela . gavarro , anna ( 1990 ) : syntactic theory and the grammar of catalan compounds , phdiss , university of edinburg . klingebiel , kathryn ( 1989 ) : noun + verb compounding in western romance . berkeley , university of california press . robinson , peter ( 1988 ) : "" universals of word formation processes : noun incorporation in the acquisition of samoan as a second language "" velazquez-castillo , maura ( 1993 ) : the grammar of inalienability : possession and noun incorporation in parguayan guarani . phdiss , university of california , san diego . 2 . acknowledgements jose alvarez ( universidad de zulia , jalvar @ conicit . ve ) pier marco bertinetto ( scuola normale superiore dei pisa , bertinet @ sns . it ) george aaron broadwell ( suny - albany , g . broadwell @ albany . edu ) anna gavarro ( universitat autonoma de barcelona , ilfth @ cc . uab . es ) jose ignacio hualde ( university of illinois , jihualde @ ux1 . cso . uiuc . edu ) suzanne kemmer ( university of california , san diego , kemmer @ ruf . rice . edu ) arantza martinez ( univerisitat del pais basc , fvmaeca @ sd . ehu . es ) peter robinson ( university of queensland , peterr @ lingua . cltr . uq . oz . au ) max wheeler ( univerity of sussex , maxw @ cogs . susx . ac . uk ) olga fullana ( fullana @ skywalker . udg . es ) lluisa gracia ( gracia @ skywalker . udg . es ) univerittat de girona dept . filologia i filosofia pl . ferrater mora , 1 e-17071 girona spain
",0
1494,"Subject: sum : verbal humour
 
 content - length : 4144 dear linguist readers , i would like to thank - collectively but whole-heartedly - the following colleagues who replied to my query about the study of verbal humour : salvatore attardo ( sattardo @ cc . ysu . edu ) larry horn ( lhorn @ yalevm . cis . yale . edu ) dr . christian k . nelson ( cnelson @ vm . cc . purdue . edu ) erika conrad ( elk @ nauvax . ucc . nau . edu ) e . wayles browne ( ewb2 @ cornell . edu ) jen hay ( jennifer . hay @ vuw . ac . nz ) sally jacoby ( ihw1051 @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu ) eh hubbard ( hubbaeh @ alpha . unisa . ac . za ) laura christine hartley ( hartleyl @ student . msu . edu ) jeffrey weber ( jefweb @ aol . com ) theresa a . tobin ( tat @ mit . edu ) douglas olivier ( douglaso @ ucrac1 . ucr . edu ) richard henry ( henry008 @ maroon . tc . umn . edu ) monique biemans ( u249061 % hnykun11 . bitnet @ cc1 . kuleuven . ac . be ) julie christiansen ( juliech @ mpi . nl ) kirk belnap ( belnapk @ yvax . byu . edu ) keith mccormick heather marie anderson ( hmanders @ indiana . edu ) inga dolinina ( dolinina @ mcmail . cis . mcmaster . ca ) venetia moschovou ( llrmosch @ reading . ac . uk ) i have not been able to track down all the details of the references i received so far . also , some respondents sent lengthy bibliographies which i cannot include here . what follows is a selective compilation ( note that many respondents referred to the first two entries below ) : humor : international journal of humor research attardo , salvatore , ( 1994 ) , linguistic theories of humour , berlin : mouton . attardo , salvatore , "" the violation of grice 's maxims in jokes "" , bls 16 paper chiaro , delia , ( 1992 ) , the language of jokes : analysing verbal play , new york : routledge . dan van raemdonck , ( 1986 ) , "" laughstory : du traitement du principe de cooperation et des maximes de conversation dans les histoires droles "" , diss . , university of brussels . durant , j . , and miller , j . ( eds . ) 1988 . laughing matters : a serious look at humour . new york : john wiley & sons , inc . hitchcock , inga dolinina , "" jokes as disguised argumentative discourse "" , proceedings of the 3rd issa conference , amsterdam , june 1995 . hockett , c . f . 1977a . jokes . in the view from language : selected essays 1948-1974 , c . f . hockett , 257-89 . athens , ga . : university of georgia . hockett , c . f . 1977b . "" where the tongue slips , there slip i "" , in the view from language : selected essays 1948-1974 , c . f . hockett , 226 - 56 . athens , ga . : university of georgia . lilli pretorius , ( 1990 ) , "" humour as defeated discourse expectations : conversational exchange in a monty python text "" , humor , 3 ( 3 ) . long , debra l . , and arthur c . graesser . 1988 . wit and humor in discourse processing . discourse processes 11 : 35-60 . lynne hunter ( 1983 ) , "" a gricean look at wit "" , cls 19 mulkay , michael , "" on humor . "" nilsen , don lee fred , ( 1993 ) , humor scholarship : a research bibliography , westport , conn . : greenwood press . norrick , neal r . 1993 . conversational joking : humor in everyday talk . bloomington , ind . : indiana university press . pepicello , w . j . 1987 . pragmatics of humorous language . int ' l j . soc . lang . 65 : 27-35 . raskin , victor . 1985 . semantic mechanisms of humor , dordrecht , holland : d . reidel . raskin , victor . 1987 . linguistic heuristics of humor : a script-based semantic approach . int ' l j . soc . lang . 65 : 11-25 . ruch , willibald , salvatore attardo , & victor raskin . 1993 . toward an empirical verification of the general theory of verbal humor , humor , 6 ( 2 ) : 123-36 . schultz , thomas r . , & maureen b . scott . 1974 . the creation of verbal humour . canadian journal of psychology 28 ( 4 ) : 421-25 . sherzer , joel . 1978 . "" oh ! that 's a pun and i did n't mean it "" , semiotica 22 ( 3 / 4 ) : 335-50 . sherzer , joel . 1985 . puns and jokes , in handbook of discourse analysis , vol . 3 : discourse and dialogue , ed . teun a . van dijk , 213-21 . london : academic press . tiersma , peter meijes , language - based humor in the marx brothers films , indiana university linguistics club . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dr . alex housen germanic languages dept . university of brussels ( vub ) pleinlaan 2 , 1050 brussels , belgium tel : + 32 - 2-6292664 ; fax : + 32 - 2-6292480 ; e - mail : ahousen @ vnet3 . vub . ac . be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
",0
1495,"Subject: sum : syntax texts
 
 content - length : 3080 a little over a week ago , i posted a query to linguist asking for suggestions for a textbook for an undergraduate course in syntax . i would like to thank the following people for their kind replies : robert beard , philip carpenter , kevin b cohen , brian lindsey , alan munn , helene ossipov , john phillips , and robin sackmann . i also received replies from several people asking about my reluctance to deal with cambridge university press , and several others asking why i have decided not to use napoli 's * syntax * again . i have replied to both of these groups privately . the query about syntax texts was worded in such a way as to eliminate napoli and radford from consideration . with that limitation imposed , haegemann 's * introduction to government and binding theory * was recommended by three people . none of the other books was mentioned more than once . however , some of these single mentions were most useful for me because they brought to my attention works that i had not heard of before or ones that i might not have considered otherwise . the complete list is given below . my thanks again to all who responded . steve seegmiller linguistics department montlciar state university ( seegmiller @ apollo . montclair . edu ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - charles bird and timothy shopen , article on maninka in timothy shopen ( ed . ) languages and their speakers ( or . . . status ) . university of pennsylvania press . keith brown & jim miller , syntax - a linguistic introduction to sentence structure . harper collins academic , 2nd ed . 1991 . vivian cook , chomsky 's universal grammar , 2nd ed . blackwell 's 1996 . elizabeth cowper , concise intro to syntactic theory . liliane haegemann , an introduction to government and binding theory , 2nd ed . blackwell 's lieb , hans - heinrich : integrational linguistics . in : jacobs , j . , et . al ( eds . ) : syntax . an international handbook of contemporary research . berlin ; new york : de gruyter , 1993 . lieb , hans - heinrich : integrational linguistics . in : lieb , hans - heinrich ( ed . ) : prospects for a new structuralism . ( = current issues in linguistic theory [ cilt ] , 96 ) . amsterdam ; philadelphia : benjamins , 1992 . ronald wardhaugh , understanding english grammar : a linguistic aproach . blackwell 1995 . gert webelhuth ( ed . ) , government binding theory and the minimalist program .
",0
1496,"Subject: icl 1995 , seoul : 3rd and final announcement , and program
 
 1995 international conference on linguistics marking the 20 anniversary of the foundation of the linguistic society of korea july 3 - 7 , 1995 paiknam music hall , hanyang university seoul , korea organized by the linguistic society of korea invited speakers jeanette k . gundel ( usa , university of minnesota ) roland r . hausser ( germany , universit = 84t n = 81rnberg - erlangen ) paul kiparsky ( usa , stanford university ) ivan sag ( usa , stanford university ) joseph p . stemberger ( usa , university of minnesota ) dong - whee yang ( korea ) program schedule monday , july 3 , 1995 09 : 00 - registration 10 : 00 - opening ceremony 10 : 50 - break 11 : 00 - session 1 : kiparsky 1 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 2 : hausser 1 14 : 40 - break 14 : 50 - session 3 : sag 1 16 : 10 - break 16 : 20 - session 4 : yang 1 tuesday , july 4 , 1995 09 : 30 - session 5 : sag 2 10 : 50 - break 11 : 00 - session 6 : yang 2 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 7 : stemberger 1 14 : 40 - break 14 : 50 - session 8 : kiparsky 2 16 : 10 - break 16 : 20 - session 9 : gundel 1 wednesday , july 5 , 1995 09 : 30 - session 10 : hausser 2 10 : 50 - break 11 : 00 - session 11 : gundel 2 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 12 : stemberger 2 14 : 40 - break 14 : 50 - paper presentation 1 16 : 10 - break 16 : 20 - paper presentation 2 thursday , july 6 , 1995 09 : 30 - session 13 : yang 3 10 : 50 - break 11 : 00 - session 14 : hausser 3 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 15 : kiparsky 3 14 : 40 - break 14 : 50 - panel discussion on korean linguistics 16 : 10 - break 16 : 20 - panel discussion on korean linguistics ( continued ) friday , july 7 , 1995 09 : 30 - session 16 : gundel 3 10 : 50 - break 11 : 00 - session 17 : stemberger 3 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 18 : sag 3 14 : 40 - break 14 : 50 - paper presentation 3 16 : 10 - break 16 : 20 - paper presentation 4 18 : 00 - reception lecture titles jeanette k . gundel 1 . cognitive status and linguistic form . i . reference and the givenness hierarchy 2 . cognitive status and linguistic form . ii . a cross - linguistic study of referring expressions 3 . cognitive status and linguistic form . iii . syntax and topic - comment structure roland r . hausser database semantics for the interpretation of natural language 1 . slim theory of language : building a robot that can communicate in natural language 2 . theoretical foundations : comparing different types of semantics , their syntax and their complexity 3 . computational implementation : semantic and pragmatic interpretation of natural language in an extended database paul kiparsky 1 . variation and optimality theory : quantitative effects of categorial constraints 2 . markedness and linguistic hierarchies 3 . exploring typological space : harmony systems ivan sag 1 . head - driven phrase structure grammar : a tutorial overview of current theory 2 . issues in french and universal grammar 3 . extraction without transformations or traces joseph p . stemberger optimality theory and phonological development 1 . basic issues of optimality theory 2 . syllables and feet in phonological development 3 . segmental development dong - whee yang 1 . recent developments in the minimalist program : the attract - f theory 2 . motivations and prospects of the attract - f theory 3 . the korean case structure in the attract - f theory panel discussion on korean linguistics subject linguistics in north korea : its background and current trend paper presentation : kwang chung ( korea univ . ) ha - soo kim ( yonsei univ . ) min - su kim ( korea univ . ) hyon - sook shin ( sang myung women 's univ . ) jae - kee shim ( seoul national univ . ) registration anyone who wants to participate in the conference is suggested to send a registration form containing one 's name in full , affiliation , address , phone number ( office / home ) , one ' s status ( regular member , student , or non-member ) . if the reader has korean name , namely in "" hangeul "" , he or she is required to include his or her korean name . on - site registration is also possible . = 20 tae - ok kim president , professor of english and linguistics the linguistic society of korea dept . of english , sogang university young - seok kim secretary general , professor of english and linguistics the linguistic society of korea dept . of english , sogang university the linguistic society of korea phone : + 82 2 706 5526 c / o department of english fax : + 82 2 705 8291 sogang university email : ktaeok @ ccs . sogang . ac . kr seoul , 121-742 , south korea
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1497,"Subject: feminine he
 
 feminine he ouch ! no doubt about it , pronouns and gender are touchy topics . robert millar ( in metaphorically slapping me around a little in the ad hominem mode ) makes some good points but mistakes my focus a bit , misspeaks my findings somewhat , and misstates the fuller design of my position a lot . his linguistic list vol-6 - 835 ( 22 jun 1995 ) responds to my vol-6 - 806 ( 12 jun 1995 ) . i don ' t mean to say that , as robert millar attributes , "" 's he ' entered english as a whole suddenly at the advent of printing "" - - puhleeeze . i do mean to say that the h - stem feminine suddenly , after printing begins , disappears forever from the written record . my broader conclusion is that the h - stem feminine was alive for centuries beyond the oed 's orthodox-view account of its purported demise . i don ' t discount the sh - forms during the periods when and in the regions where they are amply attested . far be it . i do , however , maintain that the "" significant "" cause , in the overview , for the disappearance of the h - stem feminine was , not that it began to resemble phonetically the masculine , but rather the standardizing force of printing ( the motive for this is a separate question ) . and , too , there is the telling evidence that spoken pronoun use is often quite different from written . and i am suggesting that some of the oe h - stems survived in speech beyond printing 's seeming signal of their demise . the late survival of the h - stem feminine has the implication for socio / political linguistics that 18th century grammarians , regarded during these past decades as androcentric ( for having written down the "" he rule "" ) must be admitted to not have been so - - "" he "" is the principal thrust of the androcentric argument , right ? i am tempted to apologize for my insensitivity to other people 's faculty for correctness . in this case , it resulted in robert millar suffering mood swings - - feelings he shared with us - - his sorrow , his anger , regarding my position . my intention was not to academically abuse or linguistically victimize anybody . but despite his mood swings , we may all nonetheless benefit from his hot flashes of insight appropriate to his rejoinder to my native morphology of singular "" they "" hypothesis . but i will not continue the "" they "" discussion here , however , so 's not to detract from the late survival of the h - stem feminine presently under discussion , and indeed much more the hot topic . robert millar says that he suspects that i only have a slight understanding of dialect diversity , and that my discussing material from _ piers plowman _ and _ ayenbite of inwyt _ is a way to "" circumvent . . . lalme , mcintosh and samuels . "" first i would suggest that he provide fuller citations , this for the benefit of those on the list who concentrate in other areas of linguistics than this subject ; and second i would like to make available to him and anybody else some of my charts resulting from my indexing and sorting all the citations for all the forms for all the third person pronouns in the oed . m . l . samuals , "" dialects and grammar , "" in _ a companion to piers plowman _ ( ed . , john a . alfred , 1988 ) , specifically identifies by dialect nine of the seventeen manuscripts of the a - version of _ piers plowman _ . these are the ones that had already been identified in kane - donaldson , 1960 ( _ piers plowman , the a - version _ , george kane ) , after generations of effort . the book is a momentous compendium that in my thinking was conceived with the intention of making work such as mine possible . i use the seventeen manuscripts of the a - version of _ piers _ as the mainstay of my argument . samuals is unable to identify the dialects in nearly half the manuscripts of piers . i specifically focus on _ piers _ because it is a manageable corpus that anyone can go and check for themselves . _ piers _ is a great source for studying diverse forms because the forms are all variations on the same text . where can one find such a wealth of data for comparative analysis ? and piers can also be considered the first highly "" popular "" work in medieval english , and for this reason , the scribes , in copying the work for their intended audiences , would tend to avoid esoteric , literary , and archaic forms . the "" cult of auctoritas "" is the conservative emulation of older forms by the copying scribe . robert millar alludes to this to explain the h - stem feminines found in manuscripts of _ piers _ . i have met with this criticism before . i will make available to anyone who wants them particular lines as found in all seventeen manuscripts , and rather than the conservation of forms , the contrary of the auctoritas principle seems to be found in _ piers _ , whereby the scribes , in copying from the original , tended to modify it to regional conventions . i am not saying that auctoritas was not in many instances of medieval scribal practice the rule . i ' m saying that looking at lines of _ piers _ , through the seventeen manuscripts , sees in them a tremendous diversity . and even so , the use of the h - stems in all the manuscripts - - assuming for the sake of argument they were not in colloquial use - - indicates that they were well known , nonetheless , does n't it ? robert millar reads between my lines that i consider the anglo - normans as "" wicked . "" not so . chronocentrism in the reading of history is as inimical to reason and human understanding as is ethnocentrism in the reading of culture . he holds to the orthodox view and says that "" the rising london standard spread much more rapidly than it ever would have done in an age of purely manuscript culture . "" but would n't the london "" standard "" better be called the status dialect . it is mistaken to assume that writing , before and after printing , reflected how people generally used language day-to - day . most people talk like _ i love lucy _ and _ the honeymooners _ , not like _ the new york times _ . today , for example , the indefinite / proverbial "" he "" is primarily a written status form ; the singular "" they "" a spoken form . i think it is very safe to assume that then , just as now , there is a common english and a status english within a particular regional dialect . it is on the basis of this assumption , coupled with evidence for the widespread knowledge of the h - stem feminine in the generations before printing , that i am postulating the late survival of the h - stem feminine . anybody who would like to have my charts showing the "" persistence "" of all the feminine and masculine h - stem forms from the 11th century on , comparative exhibits of lines through the seventeen manuscripts of _ piers _ , pronoun paradigms from the same manuscripts , and perhaps a few other items - - they are available for a dollar copy charge and two stamps for usa . jeffrey weber , 2843 n . spaulding ave . , chicago , illinois , 60618 , usa . this current transmission is more an aside than the summary that will be forthcoming . i have received an excellent critique from wittysan ( sean ) , which he sent also to robert millar , and would be happy for the asking to share it and my response as this inquiry continues .
",0
1498,"Subject: bangani
 
 i am looking for any information and / or bibliographical references on an indian language called bangani . this language apparently has preserved some remarkable archaisms , and would appear from the available data in fact not to be an indo - aryan language . the only information i know of on the language appears in two articles by claus peter zoller in mss 49 and 50 , 1988 and 1989 . daniel baum the hebrew university of jerusalem jerusalem israel dmbaum @ shani . net
",0
1499,"Subject: obligatory clitic doubling
 
 hello , does anybody happen to know of languages ( other than albanian and macedonian ) which display obligatory clitic doubling of ( either accusative or dative ) dps ? any reference will be appreciated . please , write to me directly at : dalina . kallulli @ avh . unit . no thank you ! dalina kallulli
",0
1500,"Subject: date formats
 
 hello , this is a query about the different ways in which dates can be expressed in different languages , and whether there are constraints that apply in relation to register ( eg formal , informal , etc ) , genre ( magazine , newspaper , personal vs business letter , etc ) , historical , instrumental ( format of calendars ) , nationality , etc . my initial impressions are the following . as far the english speaking world goes , in britain there is a variety of ways in which dates can be expressed in writing , including day month year ; day-ordinal month year ; month day , year ; month day-ordinal , year . interestingly , this variety is not found in numerical form , in which ` day / month / year ' is expected . note that the separators vary , the most common being the slash ( / ) , others being the dash ( - ) , the period ( . ) and the blank space ( ) . in the other formats in which words are used , only the ` month ' slot can be spelled out , with days and years being expressed in numbers . variations include the use of ` the ' preceding ordinal day numbers . sometimes one can find different formats being used in different parts of the same publication , eg the header and the report in a newspaper . this seems to be in contrast with the usa where ` month day , year ' seems to predominate whatever the situation , even when expressed numerically as in 1 / 7 / 95 which is normally read by americans as the seventh day of the month of january , whereas the british would take it to mean the first day of the month of july , which is a 6 - month difference . apparently , the americans are the only ones to adopt month / day / year . someone once told me this is an old format which came into being as a result of the fact that , in looking for today 's date , one would look in a calendar first of all for the current month , with the year being taken for granted . any ideas ? what 's the norm in other languages / dialects , etc ? thanks in advance , tony - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tony berber sardinha | tony1 @ liverpool . ac . uk aelsu | fax 44-51 - 794-2739 university of liverpool | po box 147 | http : / / www . liv . ac . uk / liverpool l69 3bx | ~ tony1 / homepage . html uk | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
1501,"Subject: summary : negated questions and exclamations
 
 about two weeks ago , i posted a query on two subjects : i was looking for languages ( 1 ) which can or , on the contrary , cannot use negated interrogatives like "" look , over there - is n't that john ? "" in order to express a positive expectation , and ( 2 ) which have negated wh-exclamations like german : "" was du nicht alles weisst ! "" ( lit . : ' what you do n't know all ! ' ) or serbocroatian "" sta nije sve doziveo ! "" ( lit . : ' what he did n't all live through ! ' ) , that refer to the positive , not the negative fact . first of all , i wish to thank the following colleagues for their contributions : suzanne albrecht ( sanabria @ zedat . fu-berlin . de ) gisle andersen ( henga @ alf . uib . no ) birgitta englund dimitrova ( birgitta . englund @ tolk . su . se ) frederik fouvry ( fouvry @ llsun4 . essex . ac . uk ) keith goeringer ( keg @ violet . berkeley . edu ) michael israel ( israel @ ling . ucsd . edu ) dalina kallulli ( dalina . kallulli @ avh . unit . no ) jussi karlgren ( jussi @ sics . se ) e . h . klein - v . d . laaken ( klein @ let . rug . nl ) james kirchner ( jpkirchner @ aol . com ) randy lapolla ( hslapolla @ ccvax . sinica . edu . tw ) pierre larrivee ( aaa552 @ agora . ulaval . ca ) bert peeters ( bert . peeters @ modlang . utas . edu . au ) francisco raga ( raga @ vents . uji . es ) alexandr rosen ( alexandr . rosen @ ff . cuni . cz ) cristina sanz ( sanzc @ gusun . acc . georgetown . edu ) karen stanley ( karen _ stanley @ cpcc . cc . nc . us ) jan vorster ( vorsterj @ mtb . und . ac . za ) ton van der wouden ( vdwouden @ let . rug . nl ) deborah yeager ( kyeager @ prism . nmt . edu ) ning zhang ( zning @ epas . utoronto . ca ) the languages i received information about were : afrikaans , albanian , catalan , chinese , czech , english , dutch , norwegean , spanish , swedish , yucatec maya . no additional languages have been named where the use of negated questions like "" look , over there - is n't that john ? "" was not possible ; so apache and navajo are still the only examples i have found so far . . as to the negated wh-exclamations , what is most interesting is that they do exist in languages where the native speakers i had asked so far had been convinced that they do not . examples for this are english and spanish , cf . : what i did n't do to get that report finished on time ! ( karen stanley ) cuanto no tendre que sufrir hasta conseguirlo ! ( cristina sanz ) this type of construction can obviously be found in much more languages than i had assumed . in some of them , it seems to be old fashened and not very wide spread , but it still exists as such . ( if anybody now comes to think of one more language that allows that type of utterance - i am still collecting , and i ' m grateful for any help i can get ! ) as to the question of why and how these negated questions and wh-exclamations work : i am dealing with it in paper of mine ( to be published ) , and i ' ll be glad to mail it to anybody who is interested , but i ' m afraid it 's in german . thanks once again to all who helped , and please feel free to contact me if you have any questions . elke hentschel
",0
1502,"Subject: book reviewers wanted .
 
 natural language engineering is a new cambridge university press journal which seems destined to become the leading journal in the field of practical applications of natural language processing . the journal requires additional book reviewers , to write short ( approximately 2 000 word ) reviews of books on a wide range of topics related to natural language engineering . reviewers get to keep the book they have reviewed . if you are interested , please mail a short statement of why you think you are a suitable person to undertake this task to john . tait @ sunderland . ac . uk . please include your email address and steam mail address ( so we can send you the books ) . we are especially interested to hear from graduate students ( as well as more established figures in the field ) . we will reply to confirm whether or not you have been added to our panel of reviewers . the panel is circulated periodically with lists books we have been sent for review . alternatively panel members may propose books they wish to review , which we will attempt to obtain from publishers . i look forward to hearing from you . more information about the journal may be fould on the web at url : http : / / www . cup . cam . ac . uk / journals / jnlscat95 / nle . html dr . john i . tait university of sunderland school of computing and information systems priestman building green terrace sunderland sr1 3sd u . k . tel : + 44-191 - 515 2712 fax : + 44-191 - 515-2781 email : john . tait @ sunderland . ac . uk
",0
1503,"Subject: pragmatic checking and anaphor resolution
 
 in an article by marslen - wilson , levy , and tyler ( 1982 ) "" producing interpretable discourse : the establishment and maintenance of reference "" they discuss the role of inference or "" pragmatic checking "" in the process of anaphor resolution . briefly , anaphoric resolution results from checking the information predicated of the anaphor with the local or preceding discourse and thereby inferring the intended referent . could anyone steer me in the direction of other research which pursues a similar line of argument ? thank you very much . - richard cameron
",0
1504,"Subject: typos in fromkin and rodman textbook
 
 this is a query to find out if anyone has a list of the typos that are in an early printing of the fifth edition to the fromkin and rodman textbook "" an introduction to language "" . i am using the text in an introductory class . while my copy of the book is fine , many of the students bought used versions that have a number of typos in the data sets . so , i was hoping that someone had a list of those typos ( or knew where i could get one ) , so that i can tell the students who have those defective copies . please send any answers to the following address : robinq @ ccwf . cc . utexas . edu thanks robin queen
",0
1505,"Subject: e-mail address
 
 i am looking for ian maddieson 's e-mail address . two of the lists i check do n't list it ; when i send mail to the one address i did find ( idu0ion @ csma . berkeley . edu ) , it gets bounced back .
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1506,"Subject: nonreferential np 's in english
 
 in a number of lgs ( roviana and yup ' ik eskimo being the two in which i have encountered this ) , nonreferential np 's are phonologically and / or morphologically / syntactically incorporated into the vrb / verb phrase / verb group . are there any similar structural clues which could be used to identify nonreferential np 's in english ? my interest is in identifying nonreferential np 's in written english so that a computer natural lg processing system would know not to set up referents for them to serve as antecedents for subsequent anaphora resolution . compounds ( e . g . duck-shooting season ) can i suppose be treated superficially as single words , but what about things like ' lose faith in ' , ' catch sight of ' . of course , some criteria will involve larger discourse issues , but it may be that it is possible to identify at least some nonreferential np 's "" cheaply "" , i . e . just by looking within a clause and / or considering inherent lexical semantics . i will summarize and post any replies to this list . regards , simon corston .
",0
1507,"Subject: burmese
 
 burmese pronunciation could somebody inform me what the burmese pronunciation of the name myanmar is ? helge sandoy , university of bergen e-mail : helge . sandoy @ nor . uib . no
",0
1508,"Subject: biographies of linguists
 
 dear colleagues ! i compile a biographical database about linguists . unfortunately i do n't know birth data , full names and countries of he following persons dealing with lexicography and semantics : ( webster ( * robert agricola e . ) [ erhard ] ( germany ) bach e . ) [ emmon ] ( usa ) bellert i . ) [ irena ] ( poland - canada ) be = 08 = b1nak h . ) [ henri ] ( france ? ) bendix e . ) broz = 08 = 96 l . ) ( czechia ? ) wehrle ? ) ( germany ) vint = 08 = d0eler o . ) [ onufrie ] ( rumania ) jones k . s . ) [ k . spark ] ( uk ) dubois j . ) [ jean ] ( france ) zawadowski leon ) ) poland ) josselson h . ) [ harry h . ] ( usa ? ) casalis d . ) casalis j . ) katz j . j . ) [ jerrold j . ] ( usa ) kay m . ) ( uk ) klimonov d . ) ( germany ) cliff n . ) coyaud m . ) [ maurice ] kuchar = 08 = 96 j . ) ( czechia ? ) lagane r . ) ( france ) lounsbury f . g . ) [ floyd g . ] ( usa ) levy n . ) lindekens r . ) leech g . n . ) [ geoffrey n . ] ( uk ) loriche r . ) makris j . ) [ james ] mantchev k . ) masterman m . ) ( uk ) matthiot m . ) [ madeleine ] niobey g . ) parker - rhodes a . f . ) [ arthur frederick ] peltzer k . ) rey - debove j . ) [ josette ] ( france ) reum a . ) [ albrecht ] ross b . ) rudskoger a . ) staal t . f . ) wilks y . ) [ yorick ] ( uk ) = 46lavell j . h . ) [ john h . ] = 46lavell eleanor r . ) = 46oote i . p . ) heller l . g . ) hiz = 08 = 9a h . ) [ henry ] schenkel w . ) ( gemany ) o ~ im h . ) [ haldur ] ( estonia ) edmundson h . p . ) o = 08 = ffhmann s . ) epstein m . n . ) blinkenberg a . ) [ andreas peter damsgaard ] ( 1893 - ? ) morris ch . w . ) [ charles william ] ( b . 1901 - ? ) stern g . ) [ gustav ] ( 1882 - ? ) = 46ilipec j . ) [ josef ] ( = fd . 1915 - ? ) is it possible to learn some more information about these persons ? who can help me ? ursula doleschal&sergej krylov ( ursula . doleschal @ wu-wien . ac . at ) institut f . slawische sprachen , wirtschaftsuniv . wien augasse 9 , 1090 wien , austria tel . : + + 43 - 1-31336 4115 , fax : + + 43 - 1-31336 744
",0
1509,"Subject: icl 1995 : program
 
 dear colleagues , 3rd and final announcement and program - - - - - - - - - - - please post ! = 1995 international conference on linguistics marking the 20 anniversary of the foundation of the linguistic society of korea july 3 - 7 , 1995 paiknam music hall , hanyang university seoul , korea organized by the linguistic society of korea invited speakers : jeanette k . gundel ( usa , university of minnesota ) roland r . hausser ( germany , universit = 84t n = 81rnberg - erlangen ) paul kiparsky ( usa , stanford university ) ivan sag ( usa , stanford university ) joseph p . stemberger ( usa , university of minnesota ) dong - whee yang ( korea ) schedule monday , july 3 , 1995 09 : 00 - registration 10 : 00 - opening ceremony 11 : 00 - session 1 : kiparsky 1 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 2 : hausser 1 14 : 50 - session 3 : sag 1 16 : 20 - session 4 : yang 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tuesday , july 4 , 1995 09 : 30 - session 5 : sag 2 11 : 00 - session 6 : yang 2 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 7 : stemberger 1 14 : 50 - session 8 : kiparsky 2 16 : 20 - session 9 : gundel 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - wednesday , july 5 , 1995 09 : 30 - session 10 : hausser 2 11 : 00 - session 11 : gundel 2 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 12 : stemberger 2 14 : 50 - paper presentation 1 16 : 20 - paper presentation 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - thursday , july 6 , 1995 09 : 30 - session 13 : yang 3 11 : 00 - session 14 : hausser 3 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 15 : kiparsky 3 14 : 50 - panel discussion on korean linguistics 16 : 20 - panel discussion on korean linguistics ( continued ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - friday , july 7 , 1995 09 : 30 - session 16 : gundel 3 11 : 00 - session 17 : stemberger 3 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 18 : sag 3 14 : 50 - paper presentation 3 16 : 20 - paper presentation 4 18 : 00 - reception lecture titles jeanette k . gundel 1 . cognitive status and linguistic form . i . reference and the givenness hierarchy 2 . cognitive status and linguistic form . ii . a cross - linguistic study of referring expressions 3 . cognitive status and linguistic form . iii . syntax and topic - comment structure roland r . hausser database semantics for the interpretation of natural language 1 . slim theory of language : building a robot that can communicate in natural language 2 . theoretical foundations : comparing different types of semantics , their syntax and their complexity 3 . computational implementation : semantic and pragmatic interpretation of natural language in an extended database paul kiparsky 1 . variation and optimality theory : quantitative effects of categorial constraints 2 . markedness and linguistic hierarchies 3 . exploring typological space : harmony systems ivan sag 1 . head - driven phrase structure grammar : a tutorial overview of current theory 2 . issues in french and universal grammar 3 . extraction without transformations or traces joseph p . stemberger optimality theory and phonological development 1 . basic issues of optimality theory 2 . syllables and feet in phonological development 3 . segmental development dong - whee yang 1 . recent developments in the minimalist program : the attract - f theory 2 . motivations and prospects of the attract - f theory 3 . the korean case structure in the attract - f theory panel discussion on korean linguistics paper presentation : kwang chung ( korea univ . ) ha - soo kim ( yonsei univ . ) min - su kim ( korea univ . ) hyon - sook shin ( sang myung women 's univ . ) jae - kee shim ( seoul national univ . ) tae - ok kim president professor of english and linguistics the linguistic society of korea dept . of english , sogang university young - seok kim secretary general professor of english and linguistics the linguistic society of korea dept . of english , sogang university the linguistic society of korea phone : + 82 2 706 5526 c / o department of english fax : + 82 2 705 8291 sogang university email : ktaeok @ ccs . sogang . ac . kr seoul , 121-742 , south korea
",0
1510,"Subject: update , ausschreibung professur allgemeine sprachwissenschaft
 
 hinweise zur bewerbung auf eine c4 - professur fuer allgemeine sprachwissenschaft an der universitaet heidelberg : die ausschreibung ist erschienen in "" ausschreibungsdienst des deutschen hochschulverbandes "" , ausgabe 3 - i vom 12 . januar 1995 , rheinallee 18 , d-53173 bonn , telefon + 49 228 36 40 02 , fax + 49 228 35 34 03 . einsendeschluss fuer bewerbungen ist der 22 . februar 1995 . hier ein paar hinweise zur bewerbung auf eine c - 4 professur in deutschland : die bewerbung muss enthalten - ein anschreiben an den dekan der neuphilologischen fakultdt der universitaet heidelberg , hauptstrasse 120 , d-69117 heidelberg , dass man sich um die stelle bewirbt , - ein tabellarischer lebenslauf , enthaltend schulische und universitaere ausbildung , berufliche laufbahn , sprachkenntnisse , evtl . auszeichnungen und wichtige private verhaeltnisse wir heirat , kinder , - eine liste der veroeffentlichungen , - eine liste der gehaltenen lehrveranstaltungen . man kann beliebiges hinzufuegen , wenn es fuer eine gute praesentation geeignet erscheint . auch die aeussere form ist nicht direkt geregelt . offprints der schriften braucht man noch nicht einzusenden . man wird dazu eingeladen , wenn man in die engere auswahl kommt . noch ein hinweis zu qualifikation : in deutschland ist fuer diese stelle die habilitation eine voraussetzung ( d . i . ein spezieller akademischer grad zusaetzlich zur promotion ) . von auslaendern werden gleichwertige qualifikationen erwartet , d . h . in der regel , dass man schon professor sein muss , wenn man sich um diese stelle bewirbt .
",0
1511,"Subject: summary of responses to query on tok masta ( ft of new guinea )
 
 almost two months ago i posted the following query to the list : > i am posting this for a fellow student who is not on the list . > she seeks references of sources of the so-called "" tok masta "" , the foreigner > talk of europeans on new guinea ( probably , i guess , involved in the genesis > of , but still to be kept apart from , tok pisin ) . > > she would be especially interested in where to get actual examples of tok > masta . so far her main source - not containing examples - is an article by > peter muelhaeusler ( 1981 ) "" foreigner talk : tok masta in new guinea "" in > ' international journal of sociology of language - 28 "" , pp . 93-113 . we did get some responses to the query , but eventually my friend had to postpone the project to a not-too - near future . it seems then , that there won't be any further information to add to what we have got here , but i guess what we have here might be of interest to others : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - august cluver < cluve @ alpha . unisa . ac . za > writes : > our departmental database on the sociology of language ( 750 > pages ) shows up only the article by muehlhaesler that you > have if we search under "" tok masta "" . he has published > widely on tok pisin and probably refers to this variety in his > other publications . > > the phenomenon that your friend is analysing occurs also in > kiswahili ( if i remember correctly ) and the following source > may provide some comparative material : > * > vitale , a . j . 1980 "" kisetla : linguistic and sociolinguistic > aspects of a pidgin swahili of kenya . "" in : anthropological > linguistics 22 , 2 : 47-65 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > from david ganelin < ganelin @ netcom . com > we got : > ronald wardhaugh has a few references to tok pisin and tok masta in his > _ an introduction to sociolinguistics _ ( second edition ) , blackwell , > oxford , england and cambridge , massachusetts ( 1992 ) . also , he refers to > an article by e . wolfers ( "" a report on neo - melanesian "" ) in d . h . hymes > ( ed . ) _ pidginization and creolization of languages _ , cambridge university > press ( 1971 ) . hope this helps . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - b . robert helm < bhelm @ cs . uoregon . edu > writes : > there was some discussion of tok masta in : > > s . a . wurm , p . muehlhaeusler . _ handbook of tok pisin ( new guinea > pidgin ) _ . canberra , a . c . t . , australia : dept . of linguistics , > research school of pacific studies , australian national university , > 1985 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - jan tent < tent _ j @ usp . ac . fj > suggested that : > you might get some help from prof . john lynch who used to be the > professor of linguistics at upng . he 's not on the linguist list , so send > him your original e-mail to this address : > > lynch @ vanuatu @ usp . ac . fj > > tell him i gave you his e-mail address . > > you might also try jeff siegel at : > > jsiegel @ gara . une . oz . au > > hope these guys will be able to help you , if not they certainly will be > able to put you onto someone who will . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - elisabeth gordon < e . gordon @ csc . canterbury . ac . nz > : > i have a small booklet on pidgin english produced during the last war . on > the front page it says : ' this language is used in conversation with natives , > asiatics , and german white misionaries . ' i ' m not sure if it is what you > want , but if you would like i could photocopy it and send it to you . it was > written to help soldiers during the war . the booklet itself is now very > fragile . i use it in my sociolinguistics classes here to show early > attitudes both to the language and those who spoke it . > e . g . some general advice - ' do n't interfere with village pigs . this would be > nearly as bad as interfering with the women . ' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - < karlcc _ franklin @ sil . org > : > muelhaeusler , whom your student refers to , and wurm have edited a "" handbook > of tok pisin ( new guinea pidgin ) published by pacific linguistics , c-70 , 1985 . > muelhaeusler claims ( p . 236 ) that tok masa is "" a fourth variety [ of tp , after > bush , rural and urban ] used by many expatriates . . . "" and that it "" is the name > given by papua new guineans to the domestic jargon used by the majority of > expatriates in dealing with their indigenous employees or servants "" ( 241 ) . > elsewhere ( 286 ) he claims that tok masta "" seems to be of quite recent origin "" > and was tied to the self-awareness preceding independence . > > i worked in png with sil from 1958 until 1990 and have studied and > worked on pidgin . i think that the term tok masta contrasts with tok boi , the > former referring to the whites and the latter to the pngs , but both used in a > derogatory or condesending sense . baorchardt ( 1926 ) refers to tok - boi as "" a > kanaka language "" but it was traditionally male , hence the term "" boi "" , just as > tok masta was mainly "" male "" , in that expatariate females are "" misis "" . > > muelhaeusler 's four sociolects of tp do not show up in the folk > classification of the pidgin speakers . for example there is no equivalent of > "" rural pidgin "" in tp , whereas one can speak of urban pidgin as "" su sok "" pidgin > or even "" taun pidgin "" . the generic term "" tok pidgin "" can refer to almost any > variety . mead ( in asia 31 , 1931 ) also discusses "" tok boi "" , which i see somewhat > the opposite of "" tok masta "" . > > m discusses mixed varieties of tp , which tm certainly was ( or is ) , bau t > this includes mixing tp with the vernacular , as is commonly done now . this is > called "" hap toktok "" . > > m says that tm was for a long time called "" tok vaitman "" by pngs ( 467 , he > says until the mid 1920 - s ) but the spelling suggests tok siaman ( german > influence ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - paul gracie < keo @ pixi . com > ( keo sananikone ) sent : > i did a literature review on foreigner talk two years ago > ( for a chapter in my dissertation on ft in malaysia ) and my impression is > that the muelhaeusler article you mention is a ' one of a kind ' . there may > be resources at anu which could be used for further work on a historical > register of ft in png , but if it is like historical pidgin english sources > here in hawai ' i , your friend would have to go to canberra and spend time > digging for it . i was very interested in the tok masta article too but > almost all work with ft in linguistics defines the foreigner role as > immigrant student ( in the u . s . , canada , and australia ) or immigrant worker > ' auslandischer arbeiter ' ( ? ) ( in northern europe ) . > > if your friend is determined to pursue tok masta , she > might consider writing to suzanne romaine ( merton college , university of > oxford , oxford ox1 4jd , england ) or peter m . ( anu ? ) directly . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - thanks again to everybody who responded , i hope this can be of some use to other people interested in that matter jakob ladefoged ( till app . 25 / 7 : < b940119 . @ alf . let . uva . nl > ) university of amsterdam the netherlands
",0
1512,"Subject: hansa workshop at 12ichl
 
 here are details supplied by ernst hakon jahr for one of the workshops to be held on friday 18th august 1995 . david denison twelfth international conference on historical linguistics , hulme hall , manchester , 13-18 august 1995 . please note new dialling codes and revised phone numbers at the university of manchester up to the time of the conference : + 44 ( 0 ) 161-275 3194 or 3042 ( phone ) + 44 ( 0 ) 161-275 3187 ( fax only ) conference e-mail address : ichl1995 @ man . ac . uk workshop the influence of the hansa and low german on european languages organizers : ernst hakon jahr ( tromso ) and laura wright ( hertfordshire ) scheduled papers : james milroy ( newcastle ) : internal vs external motivations for linguistic change : what does empirical sociolinguistics have to say about the distinction ? kurt braunmuller ( hamburg ) : communication strategies in the area of the hanseatic league : the approach by semicommunication . raymond hickey ( essen ) : trading with invaders : language contact in medieval ireland . anne haavaldsen ( bergen ) : trade and language from the ' german wharf ' in bergen - the runic evidence . harry perridon ( amsterdam ) : is the definite article in jutlandic a borrowing from german ? muriel norde ( amsterdam ) : grammaticalization vs reanalysis : the case of possessive construction in germanic .
",0
1513,"Subject: 
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ai review journal ai review journal ai review journal ai review journal ai rev * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * artificial intelligence review journal ( kluwer , the netherlands ) special volume on integration of natural language and vision processing 6 double-issues ai review ( 4 books in parallel ) journal : 1994 vol . 8 ( 2 - 3 ) : computational models 1995 vol . 8 ( 5 - 6 ) : more computational models vol . 9 ( 2 - 3 ) : intelligent multimedia vol . 9 ( 4 - 5 ) : theory ( to come ) grounding representations recent advances ( to come ) books : 1995 integration of natural language and vision processing ( vol . i ) : computational models integration of natural language and vision processing ( vol . ii ) : intelligent multimedia ( to come ) integration of natural language and vision processing ( vol . iii ) : theory and grounding representations integration of natural language and vision processing ( vol . iv ) : recent advances ( to come )
",0
1514,"Subject: forensic linguistics journal : subscription information
 
 forensic linguistics : the international journal of speech , language and the law published by routledge , london , uk e-mail addresses : for subscription enquiries and general info : info . journals @ routledge . com . uk to order sample copies by e-mail : sample . journals @ routledge . com . uk routledge journals catalogue on the www : http : / www . routledge . com / routledge . html editors : prof . malcolm coulthard , dr . peter french editorial board : sue blackwell ( reviews editor ) , angelika braun , jack chambers , tom davis , bethany dumas , diana eades , bruce fraser , john gibbons , michael gregory , allen hirson , harry hollien , robert kaplan , hannes kniffka , hermann ku "" nzel , william labov , peter ladefoged , judith levi , michael mansfield qc , francis nolan , tony sanford , roger shuy , kate storey . subscribe now ! volume 2 , issue 1 will be out shortly . to secure your copy , there are three ways to subscribe : 1 . individual subscription - iafl members members of the international association of forensic linguists get the journal included in their subscription , which is 30 pounds sterling , us $ 50 , aus $ 70 per year . this is a considerable saving on the standard subscription rate of 40 pounds / $ 65 . 2 . individual subscription - linguist list members members of the linguist list who do not want to join the iafl but wish to receive the journal , can subscribe at a special rate for this year : 35 pounds sterling , us $ 55 . 3 . library subscription rates are : ec library - 75 pounds sterling us library - $ 110 row library - 80 pounds sterling ask your library representative to subscribe . all subscribers can use the e-mail addresses at the top of this posting , or contact : paula massey , routledge subscriptions , itps ltd . , cheriton house , north way , andover , hants sp10 5be united kingdom . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * full tocs of past issues , and an electronic iafl application form , are available on the forensic-linguistics list . if you are not already a member , contact sue blackwell ( blackwellsa @ bham . ac . uk ) for details of how to subscribe to the list .
",0
1515,"Subject: dgfs summerschool ( august 28th - - september 1995 ) saarbruecken
 
 * * * note : early registration closes june 30th * * * * the fifth summer school of the german linguistic society ( deutsche gesellschaft fuer sprachwissenschaft ) will be held between august 28th and september 8th , 1995 at the university of saarland ( saarbruecken , germany ) . the topic is "" language : cognitive structures and processes "" . the programme will cover cognitive aspects of natural language in the areas of theoretical linguistics , computational linguistics , and psycholinguistics . * 18 courses in german and english language each course consisting of five 90 minute lectures as well as workshops , exercises , and demonstrations . * plenary lectures on "" language and cognition "" * evening lectures on the topic "" language : cognitive structures and processes "" . * there will be a social programme , including official reception in saarbruecken castle , a summer school party . . . programm ring - christopher habel ( koordination ) : sprache und vorlesung kognition a theoretical linguistics phonetics william barry : cognitive aspects of phonetics phonology richard wiese : einf "" uhrung in die optimalit "" atstheorie syntax hubert haider : invarianten der syntaktischen strukturierung michael herweg & tibor kiss : theoretische und kognitive aspekte einer deklarativen grammatikanalyse des deutschen . prinzipien und schemata der hpsg semantics leonard talmy : how language structures concepts gilles fauconnier : cognitive semantics hans kamp : einstellungen , einstellungsberichte und sprachliche kommunikation jeff pelletier : formal semantic issues surrounding generic statements lexicon dieter wunderlich : lexical decomposition grammar b psycholinguistics language barbara hemforth & gerhard strube : kognitives parsing comprehension simon garrod : language comprehension and how we track the thread of discourse speech thomas pechmann : sprachproduktion production language werner deutsch : das allgemeine und das spezielle im acquisition erstspracherwerb am beispiel der personreferenz lexicon etta drews & pienie zwitserlood : das mentale lexikon neuro - barbara h "" ohle & stephanie kelter : neurolinguistik : linguistics kognitive aphasieforschung c computational linguistics lexicon james pustejovsky : processes of lexically - based inference : co - composition and abduction processing hans uszkoreit : performanzmodellierung in der models computerlinguistik man - maschine wolfgang wahlster : prozessmodelle multimodaler communication kommunikation registration : fees : early registration ( before june 30th ) : students : dm 280 visiting scholars : dm 560 industrial participants : dm 1100 registration after june 30th students : dm 350 visiting scholars : dm 650 industrial participants : dm 1200 you may register from now on . we shall try to find low-priced accommodation ( applications will be dealt with on a first done , first served basis ) . information and registration : dgfs - sommerschule 1995 universitaet des saarlandes computerlinguistik , bau 17 . 2 d-66041 saarbruecken tel . : + 49 ( 681 ) 302-4444 ; fax . : + 49 ( 681 ) 302-4351 internet : dgfs @ coli . uni-sb . de local organization : manfred pinkal and claudia villiger this and further information is also available on worldwideweb : http : / / coli . uni-sb . de / info / dgfs /
",0
1516,"Subject: lexicographer
 
 us-pa - pittsburgh machine translation lexicographer , cmu lexicographer , machine translation applications the catalyst project at the center for machine translation , carnegie mellon university , is seeking a talented and energetic individual for the position of lexicographer . catalyst is a large-scale mt application for commercial document delivery in the domain of heavy machinery . the lexicographer is responsible for the following tasks : * implementation of lexicon refinement / enhancement / maintenance tasks , in support of source and target language lexicon development . the successful applicant must have the following qualifications : * m . a . in linguistics , m . s in computational linguistics or a related field * native or near-native fluency in english * experience developing knowledge sources for language software , preferably large-scale , multi-lingual lexicons for machine translation in technical domains * understanding of the principles of lexicography and terminology management , especially as they relate to semantic accuracy and translatability * demonstrated ability to proactively identify and quantify lexical issues that arise during development / refinement , with special attention paid to issues which span multiple knowledge sources ( e . g . , domain model , tl lexicons , etc . ) . skill and experience in these areas are preferred but not required : * fluency in any of french , spanish , german , italian , portuguese , russian * experience with manual translation in technical domains full - time salaried position , starting range : $ 27 , 000 to $ 30 , 000 usd occasional travel required contact : eric nyberg phone : ( 412 ) 268-7281 center for machine translation fax : ( 412 ) 268-6298 carnegie mellon university email : ehn + @ cs . cmu . edu pittsburgh , pa 15213 usa candidates should send a letter of application , a current vita , at least three letters of reference , and representative samples of their work . resumes , cover letters , etc . may be submitted via email , in ascii or postscript form . resumes may also be submitted by fax or regular mail , but email is preferred . letters of recommendation must be faxed or mailed . applicants from abroad may wish to consider express mail to ensure a timely submission .
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1517,"Subject: spanish evaluator
 
 us-pa - pittsburgh machine translation evaluator ( spanish ) , cmu ( part-time ) spanish evaluator , machine translation applications the catalyst project at the center for machine translation , carnegie mellon university , is seeking a talented and energetic individual for the position of spanish evaluator . catalyst is a large-scale mt application for commercial document delivery in the domain of heavy machinery . the spanish evaluator is responsible for the following tasks : * review spanish output of machine translation system * evaluate the quality of the text based on cmt 's evaluation criteria * troubleshoot the system by providing an error analysis * working with developers to identify the most important areas for improvement the successful applicant must have the following qualifications : * native or near-native fluency in spanish and english * experience communicating and working productively within a group * experience in human translation of technical documents to spanish the following skills are also desirable : * coursework in linguistics or computational linguistics * experience with machine translation software or other types of language processing software * fluency in one or more of french , german , portuguese , russian , italian part - time position , salary negotiable . contact : eric nyberg phone : ( 412 ) 268-7281 center for machine translation fax : ( 412 ) 268-6298 carnegie mellon university email : ehn + @ cs . cmu . edu pittsburgh , pa 15213 usa resumes and cover letters may be submitted via email , in ascii or postscript form . materials may also be submitted by fax , but email is preferred .
",0
1518,"Subject: research fellows at cityu , hk ( fwd )
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * research position department of chinese , translation and linguistics ( ctl ) city university of hong kong hong kong * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * research fellows associated with the department of chinese , translation and linguistics , city university of hong kong are anticipated to be available in the coming academic year . possible research areas include but are not limited to the following : computational linguistics experimental phonetics linguistic theory discourse analysis required background : applicants should have completed their ph . d . in linguistics or related discipline . research experience resulting in international publications is essential . salary : lecturer grades . determination of grade will depend on qualifications and relevant experience . period of appointment : 1 - 3 years . interested applicants should send a cv ( including the names of 3 referees ) along with a letter describing your background and research interests to : professor xu liejiong , head department of chinese , translation and linguistics city university of hong kong 83 tat chee avenue kowloon , hong kong email : ctmwong @ cityu . edu . hk fax : 852-2788 - 9520 note : initial submission by email is encouraged . more information about the city university of hong kong is available from the cityu home page on the world-wide web : http : / / www . cityu . edu . hk
",0
1519,"Subject: sum : representing retroflex
 
 summary : representing retroflex at the beginning of the month i posted a query that asked for information on an alternative way of representing retroflexed segments as dorsalized coronals instead of [ - anterior ] . warm thanks to those who responded : philip hamilton phamilto @ epas . utoronto . ca richard desrochers desrochr @ ere . umontreal . ca wechsler wechsler @ world . std . com suzanne urbanczyk suzanne @ oitunix . oit . umass . edu mark verhijde mark . verhyde @ let . ruu . nl stig eliasson stig . eliasson @ ling . uu . se here is a list of annotated references followed by contributors ' excerpts on the following topics : 1 . against dorsalization 2 . origins of coronal domination of retroflex : sanskrit evidence 3 . phonetic features of retroflex blevins 1994 . course notes from the 1994 australian linguistic institute . cho , y . 1990 . parameters of consonantal assimilation . phd thesis stanford about sanskrit retroflexed elements . the claim made here is that retroflexation equals the formation of segments that contain two place nodes , cor and dor , i . e . what some have defined as a "" complex "" place . interestingly , in assuming retroflexed segments as having two place nodes , some neutralization effects at right word edges fall out quite naturally . ( verhijde ) dixon no title given . 1980 . languages of australia assumes a feature [ + retroflex ] , as does hamilton 's 1993 toronto paper . eliasson , stig 1986 . sandhi in peninsular scandinavian . in : henning andersen ( ed . ) , sandhi phenomena in the languages of europe , 271-300 . berlin : mouton de gruyter . postalveolarization or retroflexion is a most important sandhi process in swedish and norwegian , and the major part of the above article is devoted to that problem . ( eliasson ) gnanadesikan , amalia no title given . nels 24 1993 . the feature geometry of coronal subplaces . university of massachusetts occasional papers in linguistics 1993 she argues against the feature [ anterior ] for defining coronals . i believe that retroflexes are represented as [ - distributed ] [ + back ] where [ back ] is dorsal . ( urbanczyk ) hamilton , philip 1993 . no title given escol 93 paper on coronal articulation 1993 . no title given toronto working papers in linguistics 1993 . keating , patricia 1991 . coronal places of articulation in the special status of coronals , paradis and prunet , eds . phonetic clues on coronal articulations prince & smolensky 1993 : 179 , citing kirchner 's university of maryland ma thesis . 1 . against dorsalization hamilton : i am currently working on a paper where i argue against dorsalisation more fully , based on a variety of evidence : retroflexes are transparent to + back vowel harmony ; all of the evidence for interaction between retroflexes and back vowels is from very low level phonetic facts ( there are no lexical alternations backing front vowels : / rti / going to [ rtu ] ) and there is never _ neutralisation _ of a lexical back / front contrast conditioned by retroflexes , all that is attested is that front vowels have backed allophones when beside a retroflex ; retroflexes are based represented with a feature dependent on an apical node , since the lack of heteroganic apical clusters may be elegantly expressed with an ocp constraint on adjacent apical nodes . 2 . origins of coronal domination of retroflex : sanskrit wechsler : the presently-orthodox account of retroflection being dominated by the coronal node receives a lot of its support from the sankrit "" rnati "" rule . in this rule , if i recall it correctly , n - > rn anywhere to the right of a retroflex consonant , but intervening non-nasal alveolars block the rule . this kind of interaction between retroflection and the coronal node appears in other places as well ; the one i ' ve studied is in warlpiri , where historically there was a rule that partially unretroflexed a retroflex stop unless it was closely followed by another retroflex . there are other reasons why you might want to avoid involvement with the dorsal tier - - all the vowels live there , and you would have to explain why they are transparent to assimilations involving anteriority . a 3 . phonetic origins desrocher : ladefoged ( 1974 [ 1971 ] : preliminaries . . . ) speaks of retroflexes ( rxs ) as apical postalveolar and gives the example of ewe . he adds : "" in some south asian languages the retroflex consonant involve only the tip of the tongue and the back of the alveolar ridge , whereas in others there is contact between a large part of the underside of the tongue tip and much of the forward part of the hard palate "" and elsewhere , he speaks of the "" extremely retroflex sounds which occur in some indo - aryan languages "" ( hindi , gujerati , penjabi , and so on , i guess ) and when characterizing everything with the spe features , describes rxs as [ - ant , + cor , + high , - back , - low , - dist ] . spe refers to zwicky ( 1965 , his dissert . ) as describing convincingly sanskrit s . as [ - ant ] ( actually , [ - comp ] ) and spe seems to favor the natural class apicals + rxs [ - dist ] as opposed to laminals + non - rxs [ + dist ] . they refer for these matters to ladefoged 1964 a phonetic study of w - afr languages , and maintain that distinction between dentals and rxs support a [ dist ] feature . malmberg ( 1974 , manuel de phonetique generale ) writes that rxs are produced with the tongue markedly curved backwards towards the hard palate , but his diagram , as ladefoged 's , indicates that this the very front of the palate , or the back of the ridge , that is touched by the apex , and mentions south - italians dialects and of course , india . hockett 1958 makes an interesting comment : he says that the same acoustical effect than in the rx in "" bird "" is achieved by some english speakers not by curling back the tip , but by a "" peculiar contour of the central part of the tongue , the tip being held behind the lowe teeth "" . further comments , corrections , and questions welcome - - beau
",0
1520,"Subject: summary : borrowing of body part terms
 
 many moons ago i posted a query regarding the borrowing of certain body part terms , notably , heart , eye , ear , and tongue , and never posted a summary ( tsk , tsk ) . here it is : first of all , i have been able to find , either through linguist or from other sources , clear examples of almost all the basic body part terms , including ' hand ' ( many iranian languages from persian , ossetic from chechen - ingush ) , ' heart ' ( polish from czech , many indo - aryan and iranian languages from persian , turkish from arabic ) , ' tongue ' ( a whole bunch of ethiopian languages ) , and so on . the one for which i have no completely clearly documented example is ' ear ' ( although there are cases of ' ear ' being replaced by a neologism from within the language itself ) . * * i am thus still looking for an example of borrowing involving the word for ' ear ' . * * a discussion of the whole question of borrowability of body part terms and its relation to language classification ( esp . with reference to the altaic question ) will appear in a paper by alexander vovin and me to appear next year in the zeitschrift der deutschen morgelandischen gesellschaft . finally , i would like to summarize the information provided by those who responded to my original query on linguist , to all of whom my deepest thanks : shirley silver ( silver @ sonoma . edu ) reported that mary haas , having reconstructed proto - hokan ' ear ' ( and ' navel ' ) noted that one could find or reconstruct similar forms in other language families ( penutian , yuki , and the algic languages wiyot & yurok ) , which would seem to suggest borrowing . this is the closest i have come so far to a borrowed ' ear ' . benjamin moore ( ben @ edr5r . edr . co . jp ) reports that in modern japanese , the term for animal tongue used as food is ' tan ' a borrowing of english ' tongue . ' david costa ( dcosta @ garnet . berkeley . edu ) and george aaron broadwell ( g . broadwell @ albany . edu ) note that choctaw _ nishkin _ ' eye ' ( and according to costa other forms in western muskogean ( chickasaw & choctaw , + mobilian jargon ) , are from some algonquian source ( note proto - algonquian * _ ne $ ki : n $ ekwi _ ) , a suggestion which i have found goes back at least to mary haas . however , i should add that ives goddard , whom i asked about this , expressed strong doubt about any such connection . bruce connell ( connellb @ vax . ox . ac . uk ) reported that ' heart ' in usaghade ( lower cross < benue - congo ) is apparently borrowed from a neighbouring bantu language , with semantic shift . tone marking omitted , usaghade ebuma , ' heart ' proto - bantu * - bumo , 's tomach ' . jakob dempsey ( jakob @ u . washington . edu ) reported that the common word for ' tongue ' in standard chinese and in hmong - mien languages ( generally speaking ) [ hm = miao - yao ] is very likely related , suggesting borrowing , since these languages are not considered genetically linked . norbert strade < lingnost @ hum . aau . dk > reported that the finnish word for "" neck "" , "" kaula "" , is borrowed from baltic . cynthia vakareliyska ( vakarel @ oregon . uoregon . edu ) pointed that some slavists believe that the russian word for ' eye ' ( _ glaz _ ) is borrowed from germany . ( i have been slowly tracing the origin of this opinion , which appears to be in error , but have not yet gotten all the way to the bottom of it . in my view the correct etymology , which is given by several authorities , is a shift in meaning of the native word for 's tone ' , ' boulder ' or the like ) . references from the above : connell , b . ( in press ) the role of language contact in the development of usaghade . to appear in sugia ( sprache und geschichte in afrika ) 16 or 17 , special issue on ' language contact and historical change ' . haas , mary r . 1964 . california hokan . in studies in californian linguistics . william bright , ed . university of california publications in linguistics 34 : 73-87 . jacob , betty ; t . dale nicklas ; and betty lou spencer . 1977 . introduction to choctaw . durant , ok : choctaw bilingual education program , southeastern oklahoma state university .
",0
1521,"Subject: passives
 
 hi all , does anyone know of a language in which passives are more frequent than actives ? it seems that it is possible to find languages in which actives are more frequent than passives , and even languages in which passives do not exist , but does the third case occur in any natural language ? any help on this would be greatly appreciated ? ll
",0
1522,"Subject: query : classicalphilology list
 
 i would like to ask for information on a similar discussion list as this one on issues in classical philology , mainly literature but also history , linguistics &c . please send messages to szigetva @ osiris . elte . hu thanks . peter szigetvari
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1523,"Subject: chinese corpus
 
 dear netters , do you know of any chinese corpus ? i am doing some chinese analysis and would like to get hold of a chinese corpus . it does n't matter which chinese mode it uses ( gb , big5 , hz , etc . ) if you know one , please send me a message . thank you . ruizhong wang applied linguistics program northern arizona university ruizhong @ nauvax . ucc . nau . edu
",0
1524,"Subject: reduplication in child language acquisition and foreigner talk , etc .
 
 in conducting a study of derivational morphology in creole languages , i have been investigating the origins of reduplication in the same . specifically , i am trying to determine whether it is best to explain the form and / or meaning of reduplicated structures in creoles in terms of the influence of substrate languages or in terms of the effect of language universals , or both . it has been suggested that data from child language acquisition studies may shed light on the question . also , data regarding "" baby talk "" and "" foreigner talk "" ( i . e talk by adults to children and non-native speakers , respectively ) may help in determining the extent to which reduplication in creoles should be explained in terms of language universals . additionally , the patterns of use of reduplication by adult second language learners in theirnon-native language ( s ) may also prove useful . thus , i would greatly appreciate any information you can give me ( by way of data , descriptions , references , etc . ) regarding the following questions : 1 . is reduplication a universal feature of children 's speech , baby talk , or foreigner talk cross-linguistically ? any examples ? 2 . where reduplication is indeed a feature of the above-mentioned speech varieties , what semantics are associated with the reduplicated forms ? specifically , is reduplication used as a category-changing operation , or is it used only in a modificatory way ( e . g . diminutivization , augmentation , etc . ) with no category change effected on the words to which it applies ? 3 . where reduplication is a feature of the above-mentioned speech varieties , what phonological form does it take ? i . e is total reduplication the rule ( e . g . "" the tiny tiny mouse ' ) ? or is total reduplication with modification ( e . g . "" teeny-weeny "" ) what we find ? or do we find partial reduplication of one kind or another , in which only syllables or parts of syllables are reduplicated ? andy saperstein adsap @ ling . ohio-state . edu ohio state university
",0
1525,"Subject: query : vp ellipsis and v - raising
 
 i am looking at vp ellipsis in overt v - raising languages . in particular , i need to find out whether the equivalent of ( 1 ) , with the vp being deleted after the verb moves out of it , is acceptable in overt v - raising languages . for control , i need to check whether vp ellipsis is possible in constructions such as ( 2 ) , which presumably would not necessarily involve main verb raising in the relevant languages . ( 1 ) john put the book on the table and peter put too . ( 2 ) a . john has put the book on the table and peter has too . b . john must put the book on the table and peter must too . if you know of any relevant facts and / or references , please respond directly to me . i will post a summary if there is sufficient interest . zeljko boskovic boskovic @ uconnvm . uconn . edu department of linguistics , u-145 university of connecticut storrs , ct 06269
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1526,"Subject: donnellan reference
 
 i am looking for the complete reference of an article by k . s . donnellan titled "" speaker reference , descriptions and anaphora "" . i believe it might be a chapter in a book .
",0
1527,"Subject: job in japan
 
 faculty position , keio university keio university 's faculty of science and technology wishes to announce the opening of a full-time position in english and related areas , beginning in april , 1996 . applicants should be native or near-native speakers of japanese , have graduated from a japanese university in english or a closely related field , have completed at least the course work for a doctoral degree in the humanities , and have at least three years in research and teaching experience . the successful candidate will be appointed at the rank of tenured assistant professor ( shennin koushi ) . required documents to be submitted : 1 . curriculum vitae , according to the japanese style and format , with one photograph 2 . a list of research papers 3 . three sample publications , one of each , either originals or copies 4 . a description of the candidate 's future research plans ( approximately two a - 4 pages ) 5 . a statement of the candidate 's views regarding university english education ( approximately one a - 4 page ) deadline september 9 , 1995 ( the post cancellation mark will serve as validation . ) selection process candidates who pass the initial screening process will be invited of an interview ( travel and lodging will be at the applicant 's expense ) . direct notification of the date and other details will be subsequently provided . address to which applications and accompanying documents are to be sent : hiyoshi kyoumuka ( rikougakubu ) keio university 4 - 1 - 1 hiyoshi kouhoku - ku , yokohama 223 japan note 1 . applications and accompanying documents should be sent by registered mail , with a notice in red ink , preferably in japanese , noting their contents . 2 . applicants should be aware that the submitted materials cannot be returned . 3 . should you have any questions , please contact professor keiji nakano ( e - mail : a01057 @ cc . hc . keio . ac . jp ) .
",0
1528,"Subject: job : german language etc . in japan
 
 faculty position , keio university ( german ) keio university 's faculty of science and technology at hiyoshi wishes to announce the opening of a full-time position in german language and related areas in the humanities and social sciences , beginning april 1 , 1996 . applicants should be native or near-native speakers of japanese , have completed at least the course requirements for a doctoral degree in the humanities or social sciences , and have at least three years in teaching german . preference will be given to those who already hold a doctoral degree in the areas to be taught . the successful candidate will be appointed at the rank of tenured assistant professor ( shennin koushi ) or tenured associate professor ( jokyouju ) , depending on his or her qualifications and experience . required documents to be submitted : 1 . curriculum vitae , according to the japanese style and format , with one photograph 2 . a list of research papers 3 . three sample publications , three of each , either originals or copies , including the candidate 's major thesis or monograph 4 . a description of the candidate 's future research plans ( approximately two a - 4 pages ) 5 . a statement of the candidate 's views regarding university german language education ( approximately one a - 4 page ) 6 . a description of the candidate 's plan for lecturing in areas other than german language deadline september 9 , 1995 ( the post cancellation mark will serve as validation . ) selection process candidates who pass the initial screening process will be invited of an interview ( travel and lodging will be at the candidate 's own expense ) . direct notification of the date and other details will be subsequently provided . address to which applications and accompanying documents are to be sent : hiyoshi kyoumuka ( rikougakubu ) keio university 4 - 1 - 1 hiyoshi kouhoku - ku , yokohama 223 japan note 1 . applications and accompanying documents should be sent by registered mail , with a notice in red ink , preferably in japanese , noting their contents and the addressee . 2 . applicants should be aware that the submitted materials cannot be returned except in special cases . 3 . e - mail inquiries should be directed to professor keiji nakano ( a01057 @ cc . hc . keio . ac . jp ) .
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1529,"Subject: semantics research position in israel
 
 one semester research position in formal semantics at ben gurion university . pending administrative approval , the position will be available from late october 1995 to early february 1996 . phd preferred . salary approx . $ 7 , 000 , funded by an israel national science foundation research grant . the topic of the grant is genericity and intensionality . please send brief letter of interest to karina wilkinson via email : karina @ bgumail . bgu . ac . il
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1530,"Subject: spanish corpora
 
 i am looking for sites where to obtain information about spanish corpora and parsing and tagging systems easily adaptable to spanish . thank you very much in advance . pablo accuosto instituto de computacion facultad de ingenieria montevideo - uruguay
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1531,"Subject: query : future tense discourses
 
 hi everybody , i am looking for texts written in the german future tense ( yes , i do believe there is such a thing ! ) . could anybody help me out with references ? i want to compare the frequency of temporal adverbial anaphors in future tense discourses to the frequency in past tense discourses . thus , it would be best to have novels , short stories etc . by the same autor in both tenses . thank you ! birgit hamp
",0
1532,"Subject: q : chomsky 's sea voyage ; how many of each kind of linguist are there
 
 ( 1 ) somewhere there is a story of chomsky , seasick and uncertain of his future , coming with the idea of transformational grammar while traveling aboard ship . i am wondering if anybody remembers where . ( 2 ) are there are any surveys or other statistics that show how many linguists work within the different schools and also within different areas ( e . g . , phonology vs . syntax , comparative vs . theoretical , etc . ) . i will post summaries .
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1533,"Subject: summary : chomsky on letting the theory choose
 
 i recently asked where it was that chomsky said that in unclear cases we should let the theory choose the right analysis . the answer , supplied by jan odijk , barbara abbott , and michael israel ( to all of whom my thanks ) turns out to be syntactic structures , p . 14 : . . . in order to set the aims of grammar significantly it is sufficient to assume a partial knowledge of sentences and non-sentences . that is , we may assume for this discussion that certain sequences of phonemes are definitely sentences , and that certain others sequences are definitely non-sentences . in many intermediate cases we shall be prepared to let the grammar itself decide , when the grammar is set up in the simplest way so that it includes the clear sentences and excludes the clear non-sentences . . . . a certain number of clear cases , then will provide us with a criterion of adequacy for any particular grammar .
",0
1534,"Subject: review of arboreal for windows
 
 review of : arboreal for windows , cascadilla press . by dr . matthew crocker ( mwc @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk ) centre for cognitive science , university of edinburgh . arboreal for windows ( henceforth , arborwin ) is a package designed to facilitate drawing trees within microsoft ( tm ) windows ( tm ) applications . arborwin consists simply of a truetype ( tm ) font in which keys are mapped to tree component shaped characters rather than standard keyboard symbols . the advantage of drawing trees in this way is that arborwin is very portable , and can be used in any wysiwyg windows ( tm ) application which allows you to select specific fonts ( i . e . most ) . the disadvantage , broadly , is that ` type-setting ' or layout of the trees is left to the user . the ` characters ' of arborwin include left , right , vertical , and ` triangle ' branches - - each of several widths ( but all the same height ) . the font is also fully scalable . in general , i found that arborwin behaved as intended , given that it is simply a font-based package . its most basic limitation is that there is a relatively small selection of branch sizes ( i . e . how narrow or wide a branch is ) . in practice , the most common problem i encountered was that ` triangle ' branches ( eg , for phrase without internal structure ) could n't be made wide enough . . . given that one often wants to put fairly long phrases under these . the only way to increase the width was to increase the point size for the branch ; but this also increases the height of the particular branch , and makes trees look disproportionate and inconsistent . being font-based , however , also means it cannot attain the flexibility of alternative packages ( eg , the ` tree ' package for latex ) . the ' tree ' package , for example , takes as input a declarative tree specification ( as a bracketed list ) and then automatically typesets the tree , and also permits crossing branches , and upside-down trees . since typesetting is automatic , the tree formatting is consistent , and tailored to the size / length of terminals ( including the triangle branches ) . overall the package is simple to use and quite effective if your requirements ( in terms of both sophistication , and layout quality ) are not too demanding . if greater flexibility , consistency , and quality is required , then i believe there is still no substitute for latex and its associated packages . dr . matthew crocker , esrc research fellow centre for cognitive science university of edinburgh mwc @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk
",0
1535,"Subject: donnellan complete citation
 
 a summary of my request for the complete citation : keith s . donnellan 1978 "" speaker reference , description and anaphora "" in syntax and semantics vol . 9 : pragmatics , peter cole , ed , n . y . : academic press . pp . 47-68 . this article was reprinted in 1979 contemporary perspectives in the philosophy of language , peter french , t . e . uehling jr , and h . k . wettstein , eds , minneapolis : u . of minnesota press . pp . 28-44 . thank you to the following people who responded to my request . charles meyer , gregory ward , steven bayne , robert knippen , anne reboul , jeffrey l . lidz , georges rebuschi , kjetil strand , becky passonneau
",0
1536,"Subject: pdt
 
 send for a free sample copy of mind and language edited by max coltheart , martin davies , samuel guttenplan , margaret harris , glyn humphreys , alan leslie , neil smith and deirdre wilson the phenomena of mind and language are currently studied by researchers in linguistics , philosophy , psychology , artificial intelligence and cognitive anthropology . mind and language aims to bring this work together in a genuinely interdisciplinary way . along with original articles , the journal publishes forums , survey articles , and reviews , enabling researchers to keep up-to - date with developments in related disciplines as well as their own . recent articles : vacuous singular terms , fred adams and robert stecker peacocke 's argument against the autonomy of nonconceptual representational content jose luis bermudez nonconceptual content : kinds , rationales and relations christopher peacocke systematically revisited : reply to chater and christiansen and niklasson and van gelder robert f hadley mind and language is published four times a year in march , june , september and december , by blackwell publishers , 108 cowley road , oxford , ox4 1jf , uk request your free sample copy by sending a message to jnlsamples @ blackwellpublishers . co . uk . please include your full postal address and state journal title .
",0
1537,"Subject: proper names
 
 dear linguists , i am looking for information and references regarding proper names ( especially people 's names ) . proper names are difficult to handle for nlp applications , for various reasons ; but one thing is sure : if you wish to analyse large corpora of texts , you will bump into a large number of proper names , and many of of these will be foreign proper names . so i am trying to gather any possible piece of knowledge ( references and pointers are welcome ) for as many languages as i can regarding the following points , in order to enhance a syntactic analyser for french : - the standard fashion to name people ( in french , usually a first name and a last name , but some language may add to this simple pattern additonal pieces . - what kind of unusual character may be found in proper names : for example , in france you may find names from brittany like rowarc ' h or floc ' h , where the quote is likely to cause segmentation errors ; the same holds for some dutch names such as op ' t hof , etc . - what are the official rules for spelling proper names , especially names that are composed of prepositional phrases , like "" de gaulle "" , or "" van voorst tot voorst "" : in other words , which parts are capitalized , and which are not . - what are the most frequent morphemes used in proper names , or in other words if there is ( used to be ) a preferred way for creating new proper names from a restricted list of morphemes . - what are the compounding rules for proper names . if there is enough interest , i ' ll post a summary . many thanks in advance , francois .
",0
1538,"Subject: child language acquistion
 
 i am looking for information on elicitation techniques and grammaticality judgements for 2 - 4 year old children . i would be grateful for your help on thi s subject . cathy finlay . university of ulster .
",0
1539,"Subject: 1997 international congress of linguists
 
 does anybody know dates / place for the 1997 international congress of linguists ?
",0
1540,"Subject: fresh chinese dialect fieldwork conference ( last call )
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * are you tired of boring conferences on chinese linguistics ? * * tired of hoards of people droning endlessly about things you * * either can't understand or could n't care less about - perhaps * * rehashing mandarin or taiwanese syntactic structures for the ten * * millionth time ; or telling you that _ bangmuu _ is reflected as * * [ p ] in such and such dialect while _ pangmuu _ is reflected as * * [ ph ] ; or categorizing all the possible patterns of word * * formation in four-character cliche 's ? are you tired of all that * * stultifying palaver ? then come to the next meeting of the yuen * * ren society . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the yuen ren society for the promotion of chinese dialect fieldwork presents a conference on fresh chinese dialect fieldwork 27 march , 1995 , salt lake city marriott hotel last call the yuen ren society for the promotion of chinese dialect fieldwork ( founded 1990 at the university of washington ) is dedicated to the study of diverse varieties of spoken hann chinese . the society 's meetings are an occasional forum for distributing and discussing fresh dialect data . submissions are now being accepted for a conference to be held in conjunction with the 205th meeting of the american oriental society , tentatively the afternoon of monday , 27 march 1995 , at the marriott hotel in salt lake city , utah . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * all communication about this conference should be addressed to : email : ( yuenren @ u . washington . edu ) ordinary mail : the yuen ren society att ' n : david prager branner asian languages and literature , do-21 university of washington seattle , wa 98195 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * i . scope of the conference : descriptive or comparative material for any variety of spoken hann chinese , preferably unfamiliar to dialectologists at large . to request a list of illustrative suggestions , write to ( yuenren @ u . washington . edu ) . yuen ren society conferences center around the presentation of original or rare data from real hann chinese dialects . why so narrow ? the reason is that there are already many outlets for theoretical and philological studies in chinese linguistics ; but there are no real outlets for the plain presentation and discussion of * data * . this meeting will consist of two elements : a . a collection of data , printed as an issue in the society 's occasional series , _ the yuen ren society treasury of chinese dialect data _ , and b . a presentation of the data by the fieldworker or compiler , together with discussion by the audience . the _ treasury _ will be available at the meeting , where it will serve as the handout . ii . deadlines . 28 january 1995 , for submission of an abstract and either a full-length draft of the material or a reasonably long sample from it . 28 february 1995 , for receipt by the society of the final camera-ready draft . this deadline is firm ; if you are afraid you are going to miss it , you should be in touch with the society * before * that happens . there is no deadline for registration at the conference , but we would like to know beforehand if you plan to attend . iii . submission of material . anyone wishing to present data at the society 's conference must submit it for publication in the _ yuen ren treasury of chinese dialect data _ . all submissions will be subject to review . if you cannot be present at the conference , you may still submit material to the current issue of the _ treasury _ . this conference is independent of the american oriental society meeting . there is no fee for the yuen ren society meeting , but it is the responsibility of everyone who attends to pay any aos registration fees that may be required of them . iv . attendance by non-participants . the conference is open to everyone , including people who are not members of the yuen ren society . there will be no fee for attending the conference , but there may be a small on-site registration fee for anyone who wants a copy of the _ yuen ren treasury _ . the _ treasury _ will serve as the combined handout for the whole conference . v . notes on style and format . 1 . the society favors the use of gwoyeu romatzyh , but will not reject any other reasonable system of romanization , as long as all tonal distinctions are represented in some consistent way . papers that use romanization without some form of tonal distinction will be rejected . both traditional and simplified characters are welcome . 2 . the languages of the conference and of all papers should be english or mandarin . 3 . length of individual presentations at the conference will be variable , with up to 25 minutes per presentation , and discussion ad hoc . please tell the society how long your presentation will be . length of documents in the _ treasury _ will also be variable , depending on their contents . 4 . all papers should include a section in the bibliography entitled "" sources of dialect data "" or something comparable , in addition to the ordinary list of works cited . papers introducing data from original fieldwork * must * list the names of all sites represented , together with information about the informants used and the dates of fieldwork . papers using any data not gathered by the author personally * must * list the sources of each distinct set of data . it is a good idea to distinguish different sources , even if they represent the same site . 5 . all submissions to the _ yuen ren treasury _ must be made in camera-ready hard copy . handwritten documents , unless they are remarkably neat , will ordinarily be rejected . for documents produced on a computer , common serif fonts such as courier or new york should be used for roman letter writing apart from ipa , and a sharply legible bitmap or outline font such as sung should be used for kanji . very neatly handwritten kanji are acceptable . if in doubt , send a sample of your typefaces to the society * before * the submission deadline . 6 . finished documents should have margins a minimum of one inch wide . print should be black only , and the body of the text should be between 12 and 14 point in size and double spaced . documents produced on a computer should be printed at not less than 300 dpi . 7 . in general , papers should follow the style guidelines of a recent edition of the _ chicago manual of style _ . vi . restrictions : barring exceptional circumstances , the following will be considered outside the scope of the conference , since there are already other outlets for them : 1 . papers emphasizing formal analysis or formal representation . 2 . new romanization schemes . 3 . papers comparing a single modern dialect to the jin ' in ( a . k . a . _ chiehyunn _ ) phonological system . 4 . papers all of whose data is culled from published sources , unless the source is rare or for some reason poorly known . 5 . studies of "" mandarin "" , "" taiwanese "" , "" cantonese "" , "" hakka "" , or other standard dialects , based neither on fieldwork nor the speech of named sites or sources . 6 . presentations that do not consist primarily of data .
",0
1541,"Subject: jobs
 
 kyushu institute of technology ( national university ) , kitakyushu city , fukuoka prefecture , japan invites applications for two positions . a full-time instructor of efl beginning april 1 , 1996 . qualifications : a native speaker of english ; ma degree or its equivalent in tefl , applied linguistics , linguistics , literature , international communication or related fields ; under 40 years of age . duties : eight undergraduate / graduate classes per week plus other related departmental responsibilities . contract : initial two years contract , renewable to a maximum of of five years ( by mutual agreement ) . salary and and benefits : salary based on japanese ministry of education scale ; bonuses , transportation from point of origin , health insurance ; research budget of about 600 , 000 yen per year ; conference travel allowance . a fully furnished house is provided and on-campus residence therein is required . application materials : resume with recent passport-size photo , photocopies of all degrees / diplomas ; verifications of past employment ; list of publications ; at least one letter of recommendation ; 500 word essay on "" why i 'd like to teach in japan . "" deadline : sept 11 , 1995 a full or associate professor of efl beginning april 1 , 1996 . qualifications : a native speaker of japanese ; ma degree or its equivalent in tefl , applied linguistics , linguistics , literature , international communication or related fields ; at least two year teaching experience , over 40 years of age . duties : six undergraduate / graduate classes per week plus other related departmental responsibilities . salary and and benefits : salary based on japanese ministry of education scale ; bonuses , transportation from point of origin , health insurance ; research budget ; conference travel allowance . application materials : resume with recent passport-size photo , list of publications , experts or photocopies of publications , and 200 word abstracts of publications , photocopies of all degrees / diplomas , a photocopy of the certificate of most recent degree with grades , a certificate of physical examination , at least one letter of recommendation . deadline : sept 11 , 1995 contact : shuzo yamanaka ( professor ) department of humanities faculty of engineering kyushu institute of technology 1 - 1 sensui - cho tobata - ku kitakyushu - shi 804 japan fax : + 81 93 884 3400 e - mail enquiries should be sent to ; makoto shimizu ( mr ) shimizu @ dhs . kyutech . ac . jp
",0
1542,"Subject: non - decimal counting systems
 
 the fulfulde language of west africa is based on fives . so you have separate words for one through five , from then on : 5 + 1 for six , then 5 + 2 , 5 + 3 , 5 + 4 . but there is a word for ten : 's appo ' which indicates putting both sets of fingers together . then we get 10 + 1 . . . . 10 + 5 + 4 , then a separate word for twenty . i beleive some dialects use ten times two for twenty . for thirty , forty , etc . we get 10 x 3 etc . there are separate words for hundred and thousand . 1000 x 1000 is probably a practical limit . i am sure this is not unique in this area of africa . leslie h . stennes
",0
1543,"Subject: sum : nonreferential np 's in english
 
 a week or two ago , i sent the following query to the folks on linguist : > my interest is in identifying nonreferential np 's in written english so > that a computer natural lg processing system would know not to set up > referents for them to serve as antecedents for subsequent anaphora > resolution . compounds ( e . g . duck-shooting season ) can i suppose be > treated superficially as single words , but what about things like ' lose > faith in ' , ' catch sight of ' . of course , some criteria will involve > larger discourse issues , but it may be that it is possible to identify > at least some nonreferential np 's "" cheaply "" , i . e . just by looking > within a clause and / or considering inherent lexical semantics . my interest is also in examples like ' john is a teacher ' , where ' a teacher ' is not used to introduce a new discourse referent , but rather to characterize one which has already been introduced . my thanks to gregory ward , marion kee , and louise mcnally for their replies and comments . to summarize my investigations to date and the comments of these people : ward , gregory , richard sproat , and gail mckoon . 1991 ` ` a pragmatic analysis of so - called anaphoric islands , ' ' in language 67 : 439-474 . - - contrary to what i was assuming about compounds , subparts may serve as antecedents for pronominal anaphora . louise mcnally noted : ' first of all , it appears that languages with article systems ( like english and other germanic lgs . , and the romance lgs . ) mark "" nonreferentiality "" by the absence of an article ( i . e . via bare singular or , more commonly , bare plural nps ) . although such nps may function syntactically just like nps with articles ( in contrast to incorporated nominals ) , semantically and pragmatically they are quite distinct . . . in english things are complicated by the fact that bare plurals also appear to denote natural kinds , but this appears to be the [ exception rather ] than the rule ( bare nominals in the other languages i ' ve looked at do not have this interpretation ) . thus , what is shared by incorporated and non-incorporated , nonreferential nps is thus ( 1 ) the absence of an article ; and ( 2 ) their semantics / pragmatics . - - i would treat bare nominals as property denoting ( alternatively , as contributing only descriptive content ) , whereas i treat nps with articles as entity denoting ( alternatively , as contributing both descriptive content and , crucially , a discourse referent ) . quantificational nps are another matter altogether . there appear to be differences between the discourse anaphoric properties of nouns in compounds ( like "" baby-sitter "" ) and bare plurals that occur as independent elements in sentences . specifically , bare nominals are much more likely to felicitously license discourse anaphora to "" token "" entities ( as opposed to kinds ) than are nouns inside compounds . i have not investigated this in detail , but i suspect that the differences involve the sorts of existential inferences you get via the use of the compounds vs . full sentences ( for example , i can truthfully describe someone as a "" tomato grower "" at time _ t _ without there being any tomatoes that the person is growing at _ t _ ; in contrast , if it is true that fred grew tomatoes at _ t _ , there must have been tomatoes at _ t _ that he grew . - - this pair does n't do justice to the complexity of the problem , but i hope it gives you an idea of the differences one finds between the conditions on the applicability of nouns as descriptions and the truth of sentences . ) ' marion kee suggested marking phrasal verbs in the lexicon , for example ' catch sight of ' , where 's ight ' is non-referential . while this is an eminently practical solution to a thorny problem , my mandate is to explore methods for automatically identifying such non-referential uses , this being ( presumably ) more general , and computationally less expensive than searching the lexicon for given collocations . i am still musing on structural cues which might be used , perhaps in combination with semantic information . finally , i have attached a brief summary of the ' backgrounded object construction ' in roviana , a w . oceanic lg , spoken in the solomon islands . i am currently working on a sketch gr for an upcoming volume on oceanic lgs . the construction i am referring to would be called an antipassive by some ( roviana has morpho-syntactic ergativity with really unusual splits ) , ' i cooked the taro ' comes out as a transitive , with ' i ' having ergative ' marking ' ( actually , zero for ergative , which is one of the unusual things ) , and there is transitive morphology on the verb . constituent order vao ' i cooked taro ' / ' i did taro-cooking ' comes out as intransitive , with ' i ' marked as absolutive , and constituent order voa . no transitive morphology on the verb , and you could say that the o has ' moved into the verb phrase ' if you were inclined to use such dynamic metaphors , and could make a case for what a verb phrase was in roviana . i call this the ' backgrounded object construction ' . it is used in subordinate clauses , which do not have morpho-syntactic ergativity , and it does n't involve the marking of a as oblique , so i am not prepared to call it an antipassive . now : you use the backgrounded object construction ( i ) ( optionally ) for pragmatically backgrounding the undergoer in discourse ( coz it is not important ) or ( ii ) ( obligatorily ) if the undergoer is non-specific . by non-specific i mean that the speaker does n't have a particular ref in mind , even if one might be said to exist , e . g . ' i did taro-cooking ' implies taro exists , but you are not focusing on any particular taro . exception : if you are asserting the non-existence of an undergoer by using a prenominal modifier ' none / nothing ' , you can use the normal transitive construction . e . g . ' i did n't kill anyone ' ( there does not exist a person such that i killed them ) = transitive ' i did n't kill anyone ' ( denying the action , not asserting the non-existence of the referent ) = backgrounded object construction . thus : the transitive construction is used if the undergoer is ( a ) asserted to not exist or ( b ) specific and not pragmatically backgrounded . the backgrounded obj construction is used if the undergoer is ( b ) non-specific and not being asserted to not exist or ( b ) specific and pragmatically backgrounded . roviana has articles that mark information statuses like definite . the np in a backgrounded obj construction however can only be a bare noun . my thanks again to those who replied . any further thoughts / comments much appreciated . simon corston
",0
1544,"Subject: re : 6 . 923 , sum : chomsky on letting the theory choose
 
 chomsky 's optimism about "" letting the theory decide "" about unclear cases of grammaticality sharply contrasts with the view proposed by baudrillard ( in _ l ' autre par lui meme _ ) as to the role of theory in forcing reality and in defining us as theory practitioners . i ' m traslating from the spanish version : "" the status of theory could only be one of challenging reality . or , rather , the relationship between the two is one of a mutual challenge . for , undoubtedly , also the real is nothing but a challenge to theory - - not an objective state of affairs , but a radical frontier for analysis , beyond which nothing obeys theory or beyond which theory no longer has anything to say . but also theory is only made to disobey reality , and it constitutes its unreachable frontier . irreconciliation between theory and the real : a corollary of the irreconciliation between subjects and their own goals . all attempts at reconciliation are deceiving and are doomed to failure . "" celso alvarez - caccamo
",0
1545,"Subject: re : 6 . 841 , ling in science fiction
 
 in this vein see italo calvino 's cosmicomics .
",0
1546,"Subject: re : 6 . 933 , misc : english only , a footnote on banning of german
 
 a brief comment on on banning german in the us midwest during wartime : kurt vonnegut 's semi-autobiographical _ slapstick _ mentions how his german - speaking family self-censored the german out of their speech , music , etc . loren billings billings @ princeton . edu billings @ pucc . bitnet
",0
1547,"Subject: gene flow and indo - europeans
 
 h . m . hubey has made readers of this list aware of an interesting article which appeared in the june 24 , 1995 , issue of science news concerning evidence from dna data indicating a gene flow from anatolia into europe beginning around 9 , 000 years bp . hubey also points out that there is genetic evidence that nomads from the central eurasian yamna culture spread westward into europe approximately 5 , 500 years ago . while it is indeed reasonable to link the first migration with the spread of agriculture , it does not follow that those who migrated spoke any form of indo - european ( "" pre - "" , "" proto - "" , or dialects thereof ) . nor does it follow that "" [ i ] t is possible that both expansions were responsible for the spread of different subfamilies of indo - european languages . . . "" we know from cuneiform records that by 3 , 000 bce anatolia was populated ( at least in part , if not in full ) by people speaking caucasian languages . in eastern anatolia , hurrian and the later attested and closely-related urartean were spoken . these languages have been convincingly shown by sergej starostin and igor diakonoff to be related to northeast caucasian . in central anatolia , hattic was spoken - - this was later replaced by hittite , an indo - european language . diakonoff maintains that hattic was also a caucasian language . finally , diakonoff has claimed that the language spoken by the gutians ( qutians ) was a caucasian language . moreover , there are no unambiguous references to indo - european people or languages in written records from the ancient near east until just before 2 , 000 bce , and the first references are to hittites . it is generally agreed by specialists ( for example , gamkrelidze , mellaart , puhvel , steiner , among others ) that the hittites were invaders who imposed themselves upon populations speaking caucasian languages ( in particular , hattic ) . thus , there is much stronger evidence that prior to about 2 , 000 bce , anatolia was populated by speakers of caucasian languages than by speakers of indo - european languages . thus , it follows logically that if one were to attempt to correlate gene flow at about 9 , 000 bp from anatolia to europe with language spread that one would tend to think more about very early forms of caucasian rather than indo - european . allan r . bomhard boston , massachusetts
",0
1548,"Subject: re : 6 . 943 , disc : non - decimal counting systems
 
 the fulfulde language of west africa is based on fives . so you have separate words for one through five , from then on : 5 + 1 for six , then 5 + 2 , 5 + 3 , 5 + 4 . but there is a word for ten : 's appo ' which indicates putting both sets of fingers together . then we get 10 + 1 . . . . 10 + 5 + 4 , then a separate word for twenty . . . . . i wish to contribute to this topic of discussion with dagaare data . dagaare is a west african language ( gur family ) spoken in ghana and burkina faso . i provide below salient aspects of the dagaare system of numerals . as can be seen it is basically a decimal system ( based on 10 ) but it is also , to some extent , based on 20 . forty in dagaare is two 20 's , sixty is three 20 's and , like french , eighty is four 20 's . hundred has its own name but some speakers still insist on calling it five 20 's . all this shown below . 4 . dagaare numerals + human count - human count nenyeni - yeni 1 bonyeni bayi - yi 2 ayi bata - ta 3 ata banaare - naare 4 anaare banuu - nuu 5 anuu bayooo - yooo 6 ayooo bayopoi - yopoi 7 ayopoi banii - nii 8 anii bawae - wae 9 awae ( noba ) pie 10 ( boma ) pie ( noba ) pie ne yeni 11 ( boma ) pie ne yeni pie ne bayi 12 pie ne ayi . . . . pie ne bawae 19 pie ne awae ( noba ) lezare 20 ( boma ) lezare lezare ne yeni 21 lezare ne yeni lezare ne bayi 22 lezare ne ayi . . . . lezare ne bawae 29 lezare ne awae ( noba ) lezare ne pie 30 ( boma ) lezare ne pie lezare ne pie ne yeni 31 lezare ne pie ne yeni lezare ne pie ne bayi 32 lezare ne pie ne ayi . . . . ( noba ) lezae ayi 40 ( boma ) lezae ayi lezae ayi ne yeni 41 lezae ayi ne yeni lezae ayi ne bayi 42 lezae ayi ne ayi . . . . lezae ayi ne pie 50 lezae ayi ne pie lezae ayi ne pie ne yeni 51 lezae ayi ne pie ne yeni lezae ayi ne pie ne bayi 52 lezae ayi ne pie ne ayi . . . . ( noba ) lezae ata 60 ( boma ) lezae ata lezae ata ne yeni 61 lezae ata ne yeni lezae ata ne bayi 62 lezae ata ne ayi . . . . ( noba ) lezae ata ne pie 70 ( boma ) lezae ata ne pie lezae ata ne pie ne yeni 71 lezae ata ne pie ne yeni lezae ata ne pie ne bayi 72 lezae ata ne pie ne ayi . . . . ( noba ) lezae anaare 80 ( boma ) lezae anaare lezae anaare ne yeni 81 lezae anaare ne yeni lezae anaare ne bayi 82 lezae anaare ne ayi . . . . ( noba ) lezae anaare ne pie 90 ( boma ) lezae anaare ne pie lezae anaare ne pie ne yeni 91 lezae anaare ne pie ne yeni lezae anaare ne pie ne bayi 92 lezae anaare ne pie ne ayi . . . . ( noba ) koo 100 ( boma ) koo koo ne yeni 101 koo ne yeni koo ne bayi 102 koo ne ayi . . . . koore ayi 200 koore ayi koore ata 300 koore ata . . . . koore awae 900 koore awae ( noba ) tur 1000 ( boma ) tur . . tur ayi 2000 tur ayi tur ata 3000 tur ata . . tur tur ( mur ) 1000 000 tur tur ( mur ) . . tur tur tur ( bur ) 1000 000 000 tur tur tur ( bur ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - as can be seen for the last two numerals above , speakers would refer to million as ' thousand thousand ' and billion , presumably as ' thousand , thousand , thousand ' . the names in parenthesis ( ' mur ' and ' bur ' ) are my own suggestions , as a linguist / native speaker of the language , towards a better way of referring to very large numbers . i wonder how other languages are accomodating this need to have more numerals in the counting system . adams bodomo
",0
1549,"Subject: english only ?
 
 english only ? this is a reaction to the message by jack aubert . i can understand what you mean but i am not so sure whether you compare things with each other that actually should / can be compared . > however , this is not what "" bi-lingualism "" > really means in the u . s . it means making it easier for non - english speakers > to get through life without having to learn to speak english in the u . s . , the ( mistaken ) idea that english is the national language makes its easier for the people to take it for granted that one can very well get through life without having to learn any other language . since language learning also entails getting to know a different culture , most people miss the opportunity to learn about other ways of living , eating , etc . > national plural mono-lingualism is a curse ! for everything you say about this , you did not mention one single argument that it should be english that can be the national language and not spanish . what would you say about this if the number of citizens speaking spanish fluently outnumbers the amount of people who speak english fluently ? after all , the u . s . just tops off a continent where the great majority speaks spanish . why should they speak english at all , in that country to the north of latin - america ? > history has not saddled us with this curse , as it has done to > belgium , . . . most "" ethnic "" conflicts ( there are > counter-examples like the hutus and tutsis and the two flavors of irish ) > trace back to language . basque and catalan separatism is based on language . > canada may end up breaking into two states , each with its own disgruntled > linguistic minority . basque and catalan separatism is not based on language . why do we never hear anything about galician separatism on the iberian peninsula ? galician is a language very different from spanish ( and not so different from portuguese ) . the name of the region is galicia and is part of spain . galician is a language much older than spanish itself : it was used for poetry and by the kings in ancient times . still , we do not hear a lot about galician separatism . neither do we hear anything about leonese separatism , aragonese separatism , andalusian separatism , simply because it does not exist . separatism on the peninsula has nothing to do with language . it has everything to do with historic rights of old kingdoms . the comparison with belgium might not be such a good one . the northern part of belgium used to be dutch , this is the reason these people speak dutch . in the u . s . , there is no regional division of groups of native-speakers as there is in belgium ( and like there is in catalunya and euzkadi too ) . it is much more probable that separatism between dutch - speaking belgians and french - speaking belgians be encouraged , because it is easy to say : o . k . , since the flemish live in the north and the walloons in the south , why do n't we split up the country ( and if they would , what can i hold against it ? ) . in the u . s . , this is not a very likely situation since the spanish - speaking citizens live all over the country . there is also a big historical difference : a mexican family living in chicago will never be able to say "" jee , we and all our neighbours and all the people in chicago , illinois , michigan , indiana , etc . , we used to belong to another country , a country where spanishwas the language . this soil where we were born and which we owe with thousands of "" compatriots "" used to belong to a spanish - speaking country . "" and what if canada breaks up ? as long as they do it in peace . . . . . really , i think you use the wrong arguments here . i mean , do i use arguments like : look what china has done to tibet : by invading the country they have destroyed a very important cultural and religious heritage , the tibetans are forced to learn chinese , the tibetan culture will be lost soon . so please allow spanish in the u . s . ? no , i do n't use this argument either because you cannot compare a cat with a bird . > allowing ( for example ) native spanish speakers living in the > u . s . to avoid learning english as young as possible and as well as possible > . . . . . . . . . . . . . . etc . allowing millions and millions of people in a modern , industrialized country like the u . s . to avoid learning any other language but their own greatly surprises me . really , from a practical point of view , and trying to agree with jack aubert , i would like to conclude with this . yes , of course plural mono-linguism is a problem . but does it make sense to expect that the half of the population of a country that has worse access to good education is going to make the step of learning two languages well ? as has been investigated in minority regions in europe , it has been proved that people can only learn a language well when they know their own language well . this is the reason the frisian language got reintroduced in the schools in frisia again in the seventies . frisia is a region in the north of holland where people speak frisian and dutch . most schools in the cities have dutch as a main language and frisian as a second language but in the country-side , at least the first three years , mathematics and everything is being taught in frisian and dutch is a second language . there is no separatism in frisia . in fact , the frisians are among the dutch to speak dutch best since a lot of other dutch only speak their local dialect and are ununderstandable for someone who comes from another region . since ( children of ) spanish speakers in the u . s . cannot go to a spanish school to learn their mother tongue thoroughly , they will never be able to learn english really well . it seems more realistic to expect that the ones who already speak their mother-tongue well and who have , generally speaking , better access to better education would learn spanish . let them become bilingual ( and maybe monolingual spanish in the end ? ? ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * jelly julia de jong * + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + atw , o . k . i . h . jatstraat 26 * + dept . of general linguistics + 9712 ek groningen * + university of groningen + the netherlands * + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | e - mail : julia @ let . rug . nl | | http : / / www . let . rug . nl / linguistics / jellydejong . html |
",0
1550,"Subject: re : 6 . 933 , misc : english only , a footnote on banning of german
 
 jack aubert writes : > in contrast with most of the topics discussed here , [ national language > policy ] is an > issue where the views of academic linguists have no greater value than the > views of laymen or practicing linguists i beg to differ . lay ( wo ) men 's misconceptions about language are poisoning the public debate about english only , and recognizing the greater value of the views of academic linguists might be just what is needed to improve that debate . is it merely an accident that the vast majority of academic linguists opposes ( while a majority of laypeople supports ) english only and related movements , or is it an indication that those academic linguists know something that the laypeople do not know ? > [ bilingualism in the us ] means making it easier for non - english speakers > to get through life without having to learn to speak english on the grounds > that this is more humane and fairer . i am not an expert on bilingualism , but i have a hunch that this is a very lopsided characterization of bilingualism as currently practiced in ( small pockets of ) the us . i would be good to hear from subscribers who actually are experts on bilingualism . > most "" ethnic "" conflicts . . . > trace back to language . basque and catalan separatism is based on language . language played absolutely no role in the biggest "" ethnic conflict "" of our time , i . e . the racist war of the germans against jews , slavs , gypsies and other "" non-aryans "" . where language does play a role in "" ethnic conflicts "" , it does so only as ( an important ) part of a different cultural itentity , whatever that is . most of the time , these conflicts are n't purely "" ethnic "" but also ( and sometimes please do n't freeze onexclusively ) based on other factors such as class . the "" ethnic conflict "" between hutus and tutsis is an excellent example for this , but the details would lead to far astray . > english - - by accident of history - - is the glue that keeps the u . s . > together as one nation . the glue that keeps the us together as one nation ( if indeed there is such a glue and such a unified nation ) contains many ingredients , among which brute force and economic interests play a much bigger role than english or some other linguistic phenomenon . the unifying powers of police batons and wageloss ( for which one can blame the japanese , or mexicans , or anybody except the american ruling class ) far exceed those of the poems of walt whitman . > by requiring all american children to attend > classes taught in english we are doing our non-native - english speaking > compatriots an enormous favor . clearly the "" non-native - english speaking compatriots "" cannot be included in the "" we "" who are doing "" our blablabla "" a favor when "" we "" ( and "" we "" alone ) require all american children to attend classes taught in english . this is what english only truly is about : maintaining or returning to a status quo where "" we "" make decisions for "" our blablabla "" whose benefactors "" we "" thereby are . best , bernhard rohrbacher
",0
1551,"Subject: re : 6 . 933 , misc : english only
 
 jack aubert is absolutely correct . the teaching of standard english is a thing that i do not hesitate to say should be compulsory nationwide ( although this does n't necessarily mean that it has to be so via a federal - level mandate . ) i have nothing at all against personal or familial or ethnic bilingualism and i spent a great deal of time and effort to render myself bilingual as a teenager , when the odds were against me . if it were up to me , most people would master a second language in childhood . however , english is an essential ingredient of the glue that binds the u . s . together . it is far more cruel to help non - english speakers in the u . s . to get along without it than it is to require that they learn it ( and to provide the necessary educational infrastructure . ) a substantial majority of formerly-non - english - speaking immigrants to the u . s . hold this position , and if they do not feel denigrated by having to learn english , who are the other "" experts "" that would claim it is degrading ? ( i have n't seen anyone express that opinion yet on this list ; have i missed any such posts ? ) > national plural mono-lingualism is a curse ! damn straight it is ! ! - - marion kee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - marion kee | i do n't speak for cmu , knowledge engineer , center for machine translation | and cmu returns the favor . carnegie mellon university pittsburgh , pa , usa | all opinions are my own .
",0
1552,"Subject: ph . d programs
 
 a colleague of mine , who is a professor of english in japan , is seeking information regarding non-resident ph . d programs in linguistics available in the u . s . - - a course of study he would pursue while still in japan . where would we find such information ? please help us in any way you can . thank you very much for your time . ( please respond directly to the above email address . )
",0
1553,"Subject: singapore query
 
 on behalf of a friend who has been offered a teaching position at the national university of singapore , i 'd like to ask 2 questions . 1 . does anyone have experience living in singapore or teaching at nus ? 2 . if so , could you tell me about your experience ? insights , suggestions , or special considerations would be welcome . please address a reply to jherman @ epas . utoronto . ca thanks .
",0
1554,"Subject: syllabus request for gender and language course
 
 i will be teaching a course ( upper division undergraduate ) on "" gender and language "" this fall and i would like to see examples of syllabi that other people have used for this kind of class . i am also interested in relevant books , readings and videos . alternately , maybe this information is already available somewhere on www and someone knows the address ? i will be happy to summarize for the list . thanks , patricia schneider - zioga pschneid @ aludra . usc . edu dept . of linguistics usc l . a . ca 90089-1693
",0
1555,"Subject: homophones in english dialects
 
 i work with students with written language learning disabilities . my students and i create personalized editing checklists , one component of these checklists being a list of commonly confused homophones . i 'd like to compile a more comprehensive list , however . i ' ve got a copy of evan antworth 's list of homophones from standard english , but i 'd like to supplement this with homophones in dialects of english . i am particularly interested in mid - atlantic and southern dialects . thanks in advance - - suzanne cadwell
",0
1556,"Subject: strike outs
 
 hey baseball fans ! anyone out there know where ' k ' as a shorthand for 's trike-out ' comes from ? ? ? nomo - mania is big in japan and i ' ve had two different people ask me when they find out that i do linguistics . help ! ! - - amy
",0
1557,"Subject: disc he / she
 
 dear linguist list subscribers , for the continuing discussion of the pronouns , i have some lines of data from the 17 manuscripts of the a - version of piers plowman . they can generally be said to be representative of 15th century usage . is it not strongly suggested in the lines that "" proverbial he "" , and perhaps the "" original "" morphology of the so called "" generic-he "" , was feminine , not masculine ? what a strange thing to say ! can this be accurate ? looking at the middle english pronouns , using the modern paradigm to evaluate them , is misleading and inconclusive . when the development of middle english "" his "" or "" him "" is evaluated without taking into consideration their development from old english morphology , much of the story is lost - - that these two "" masculine "" forms were also neuter , and in this later sense ( "" not one or the other "" ) , served well for the indefinite singular - - by way of development from the oe masculine / neuter obliques ; and the feminine forms were morphologically related to the plural . in the following lines , the h-stem subject is the feminine ( / plural ) , not the masculine . am i wrong ? ( playing for a moment the devil 's advocate ) do n't these lines below fly in the face of feminist theory as it sees the "" he "" "" stealing cognitive space "" , whereas in fact , they are feminine forms ? i would like to have some feminist theory input about these lines of evidence . if so-goes - the-language , so-goes - the-culture ( a la whorf ) , what can we make of the "" hers "" = 3d "" theirs "" identity found widespread in middle english morpholgy , and what can we say about the "" proverbial he "" in the following being feminine ? is there anybody strong in feminist theory , particulary a feminist him - / herself , who can discuss this in the general forum ? is my understanding correct that feminist history sees the h-stem feminine as having dropped from living english by 1300 ? please help . do not hesitate to contact me personally about any aspects of this , pro , con , or indifferent . lines from piers ( * = 3d unavailable character ) passus iii line 229 a = ch and he = feat gripeth gifts , so [ ? ] god helpe , d and ho so gripeth here gifts , so me god helpe , e = deai = feat grypi = fe such gifts , sa me god helpe , h but he = feat gripeth siche 3eftis , so me god helpe , h2 and he = feat grypes here gifts , so me god helpe , h3 = j and he = feat gripi = fe mede , so me god helpe , k and thay = feat grepyn her gifts , so me god helpe , l and ho = feat gripeth heore 3eftes , so me god helpe , m and 3e = feat grypit here 3iftis , so me god helpe , n and he = feat gripeth 3e gift , so me god helpe , r and he = feat grypyt 3oure gifts , so me god helpe , t and he = feat gripi = fe here gifts , so me god helpe , u and he = feat gripeth here gold , so me god helpe , v and heo = feat 3iftus heore gifts , so me god helpe , w he = feat gripeth here 3eftes , so me god helpe passus iii line 230 a schul ab * e it full bitterly or ellis = fee bok lyeth ch shal ab * e bitterly or = fee bok lie * th d shal ab * e it bitterly or = fee bok lyeth e sall ab * e it full bytter as = fee buke tellis h he schal abigge it bitterly or ellis = fee bok li * e = fe h2 shal ab * e it biterly or = fee bok lyeth h3 shal ab * e it bitterly or = fee bok li * e = fe j schulun abugge wel bitterly or = fee bok lyeth k schallen abigge hit wel bitterly or = fee bok lyeth l shal ab * e hit wel bytter or ellis = fee bok lyeth m scholyn abiggyn wol bytter or = fee bok liet n shal ab * e hit wel bitterly ar = fee bok lyeth r shal ab * e ful bitterly or = fee bok lyes t shal ab * ie it bitterly or = fee bok li * e = fe u shal ab * e ful bitere or = fee bok lyes v = deei schullen abugge bitterly or = fee bok li * e = fe w shal ab * e it bitterly or = fee bok ly
",0
1558,"Subject: summary : buccalization
 
 several weeks ago i posted a query asking for instances of "" buccalization "" , the development of a glottal stop into an oral stop . the reason for the query was that i ' m compiling a catalogue of lenition and fortition types for a textbook , and this was the only type in my catalogue i could n't find an example of . i received seven responses . none of them turned up an absolutely ironclad example of a glottal stop developing into an oral stop , though the things that did turn up were nonetheless striking . four languages were cited . maru , a tibeto - burman language , has turned syllable-final zero into [ t ] or [ k ] , depending on the preceding tone . it is possible , but not certain , that this change proceeded via glottal stop . ( robins burling , 1966 , ` the addition of final stops in the history of maru ' , _ language _ 47 : 581-586 ; anatole lyovin , 1968 , ` notes on the addition of final stops in maru ' , _ project on linguistic analysis _ 7 ( berkeley ) . ) mandarin chinese optionally allows syllable-initial zero to be realized as any of several segments , including a glottal stop , a velar nasal , or a velar or uvular voiced continuant . ( yuen - ren chao , _ a grammar of spoken chinese _ , p . 20 . ) there is reason to believe that some of these initial zeros derive from earlier glottal stop . winnebago has undergone the change [ - r ? ] - > [ - t ? - ] between vowels , and , if i understand the reply correctly , the rhotic itself may be epenthetic in origin . american english has its celebrated case of ` no ' > ` nope ' , possibly via glottal stop . the same is true of ` yep ' , if this derives directly from ` yeah ' and is not analogical . ( and i have noted that i myself sometimes have ` welp ' for ` well ' . ) that 's it . it really does look as if the glottal region is a vast sink from which no segment ever returns . it is not obvious why this should be so , since , as one respondent points out , the development of [ ? ] to [ p ] , [ t ] or [ k ] under the influence of neighboring [ u ] , [ i ] or [ a ] does not seem intrinsically implausible , and indeed it is reported that early european linguists working in southeast asia sometimes misheard and mistranscribed glottal stops in exactly this manner . my thanks to richard coates , lance eccles , james kirchner , bill mahota , john koontz , david solnit and scott delancey for their responses . perhaps i should also have inquired about cases of [ h ] > oral segment , but i did n't think of it . any further information in this vein will be gratefully received . larry trask cogs university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh uk larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk
",0
1559,"Subject: ranlp : call for participation
 
 international conference "" recent advances in natural language processing "" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tzigov chark , bulgaria 14 - 16 sept 1995 location : tzigov chark is a beautiful resort in the rhodope mountains on the shore of batak lake . tzigov chark is 150km from sofia , the capital of bulgaria . preliminary program : papers : kuang - hua chen , hsin - hsi chen ( taiwan ) a corpus-based approach to text partition allan ramsay , reinhard schaeler ( ireland ) case and word order in english and german marcel cori , michel de fornel , j . m . marandin ( france ) parsing repairs christer samuelsson ( germany ) example - based optimization of surface - generation tables ivan bretan , maans engstedt and bjoern gambaeck ( sweden ) a multimodal environment for telecommunication specifications inaki alegria , xabier artola , kepa sarasola ( spain ) improving a robust morphological analyzer using lexical transducers daniel jones , harold somers ( uk ) bilingual vocabulary estimation from noisy parallel corpora using variable bag estimation harris papageorgiou ( greece ) clause recognition in the framework of alignment tadashi nomoto ( japan ) effects of grammatical annotation on a topic identification task wiebke ramm and claudia villiger ( germany ) global text organization and sentence - grammatical realization : towards a discourse - level control of grammatical selections olivier ferret and brigitte grau ( france ) an episodic memory for understanding and learning david d . palmer ( usa ) experiments in multilingual sentence boundary recognition marie owens , p . o'boyle , f . j . smith ( uk ) a missing-word evaluation of statistical language model performance using human subjects khalil sima ' an ( holland ) an optimized algorithm for data oriented parsing jan schaake and geert - jan m . kruijff ( holland ) discerning relevant information in discourses using tfa hideki kozima , akira ito ( japan ) context - sensitive measurement of word distance by adaptive scaling of a semantic space akito nagai , ishikawa yasushi , nakajima kunio ( japan ) concept - driven search algorithm incorporating semantic interpretation and speech recognition shinsuke mori and makoto nagao ( japan ) grammar extraction and parsing a natural language using n - gram statistics mihoko kitamura , yuji matsumoto ( japan ) a mt system based on translation rules acquired from parallel corpora udo hahn , michael strube ( germany ) parsetalk about textual ellipsis victoria arranz , ian radford , sofia ananiadou , jan - ichi tsujii ( uk ) towards a sublanguage-based semantic clustering algorithm jung h . shin , young s . han , young c . park , key s . choi ( korea ) a hmm part - of - speech tagger for korean with wordphrasal relations ye - yi wang and alex waibel ( usa ) connectionist transfer in machine translation malgorzata stys ( uk ) , stefan zemke ( sweden ) incorporating discourse aspects in polish - - english mt : towards robust implementation : kalina boncheva ( bulgaria ) generation of multilingual explanations from conceptual graphs r . basili , m . della rocca , maria pazienza , p . velardi ( italy ) contexts and categories : tuning a general purpose verb classification to sublanguages ruslan mitkov ( germany ) two engines are better than one : generating more power and confidence in the search for the antecedent ching long yeh , chris mellish ( uk ) an empirical study on the generation of descriptions for nominal anaphors in chinese ismail biskri , jean pierre descles ( france ) applicative and combinatory categorial grammar from syntax to functional semantics ) hang li and naoki abe ( japan ) generalizing case frames using a thesaurus and the mdl principle project notes : fuji ren , lixin fan ( japan ) reservable structural ambiguities and its application in japanese - chinese machine translation jawad berri , dominique le roux , denise malrieu , jean - luc minel ( france ) seraphin , an automatic system for main sentences extraction matthew hurst ( uk ) parsing for targeted errors in controlled languages franklin cho ( usa ) implementing scrambling in korean : a principles and parameters approach akira utsumi ( japan ) how to interpret irony by computer : a comprehensive framework for irony martin simon ulmann ( switzerland ) decomposing german compound nouns jan schaake and geert - jan m . kruijff ( holland ) information states based analysis of dialogues galja angelova ( bulgaria ) , walter von hahn ( germany ) naive lexicon or cryptic formalismus ? user support in machine aided translation german rigau claramunt and eneko agirre ( spain ) a proposal for word sense disambiguation using conceptual distance chadia moghrabi , l . girard , m . s . eid ( canada ) chemistry : a new domain for a portable text generation system manfred kudlek ( germany ) some formal aspects of time , tense and aspect zaharin yusoff ( malaysia ) unification - like attribute operations in the string-tree correspondence grammar reserve project notes : marie christine villain , philippe trigano , jean deloire ( france ) intelligent textual database and automatic aquisition of word associations nigel collier ( uk ) contextual meta-knowledge acquisition from corpora organizing committee : ruslan mitkov iai saarbruecken / univ . of hamburg / inst . of mathematics - sofia manfred kudlek university of hamburg , germany michael zock limsi , orsay , france nikolai nikolov incoma , bulgaria victoria arranz ccl , umist , manchester , uk nicolas nicolov dept . of artificial intelligence , university of edinburgh , uk conference information : for further information please contact : prof . ruslan mitkov < mitkov @ informatik . uni-hamburg . de > or nicolas nicolov < nicolas @ edinburgh . aisb . ac . uk > conference venue : the conference will take place in hotel "" orpheus "" , tzigov chark , which accomodates up to 50 participants . we have chosen a small and cosy conference hotel to create a better and friendlier working and social environment : however this implies restrictions on the availability of single rooms and participants will be normally offered to share 2 - bed rooms . those interested in attending the conference are encouraged to register as early as possible . location and transportation : tzigov chark is situated on the shore of the beautiful batak lake in the western rhodope mountains and is 150km from sofia , the capital of bulgaria . the local organisers will provide a daily shuttle bus / conference taxi from sofia airport to the summer school location at an inexpensive rate . sofia is easily accessible by plane from most major european cities ( e . g . daily flights or several flights per week from london , frankfurt , paris , zurich , vienna and other european cities ) . there are also direct flights to sofia from north america ( new york , toronto ) and asia ( singapore , bangkok , kuala lumpur ) . in order to enable the local organisers to plan the shuttle service efficiently , please contact victoria arranz < victoria @ ccl . umist . ac . uk > with details about your journey ( arrival / departure time and date ) at least 2 weeks before you leave for the summer school . related events : conference participants are also invited to take part in the int . summer school "" contemporary topics in computational linguistics "" , which will take place immediately before the conference in the same hotel . further information about the conference can be obtained from : prof . r . mitkov < mitkov @ informatik . uni-hamburg . de > or nicolas nicolov < nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk > or you can have a look at the summer school www page at url : http : / / www . dai . ed . ac . uk / misc / nlp _ conf . html registration for the conference : kindly note that bank processing charges are at the expense of the participants and that registration after 1st august will incur a surcharge of 30 usd . international conference "" recent advances in natural language processing "" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration form name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration fee . . . . . : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 usd for industrial participants 140 usd for academic staff 100 usd for students accommodation + half-board : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 30 usd per day per person ) specify days - sept 1995 . : [ ] 13 , [ ] 14 , [ ] 15 , [ ] 16 , [ ] 17 additional charge for late registration . . . . : 30 usd ( after 1 august ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = total amount in usd sent . : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date of bank transfer . . . : 1995 bank transfer reference no : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to bank account ( tick one ) : [ ] bank . . . . : amex account no . : 00710 756 of first private bank pls , bulgaria instructions : for onward credit to first private bank , shoumen branch - nikolai nikolov account in usd : 95079620 4 1 00 2560 1 4 * or * [ ] bank . . . . : citibank new york account no . : 36015 992 of first private bank pls , bulgaria instructions : for onward credit to first private bank , shoumen branch - nikolai nikolov account in usd : 95079620 4 1 00 2560 1 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ send your registration forms to : nicolas nicolov dept of artificial intelligence university of edinburgh 80 south bridge , edinburgh eh1 1hn , uk fax : + 44-131 650 6516 phone : + 44-131 650 2727 e - mail : nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk
",0
1560,"Subject: disc : the parameter of aspect
 
 "" on the parameter of aspect "" this posting continues the fruitful exchange subsequent to the initial book review of c . smith 's 1991 "" the parameter of aspect "" . in a follow-up to that review , i noted an alternative to smith 's proposal involving a simpler binary parameter for aspect that was in part the basis for my 1995 dissertation on the biblical hebrew verbal system ( u of toronto ) . smith 's reply pointed out the apparent empirical disconfirmation by mandarin and navajo ( treated in her work among others ) ; and this is where we pick up the thread . i do not grant the traditional analysis of navajo and especially mandarin chinese that is the basis of the objection ; nor do i grant the traditional analysis of the "" oriental "" languages including burmese , japanese , and above all , biblical hebrew representing the classical semitic systems . the earliest layer of the quasi-consensus on tense , mood and aspect ( tma ) , flowing from comrie 1976 , 1985 to present , is the early 19th century "" orientalist "" framework that posits ( a ) "" tenseless "" languages or "" inflectional aspect "" systems , and ( b ) a definition of "" perfectivity "" based on the ambiguity inherent in the concept of "" completion "" ( global view as well as relative past tense ) ; on "" oriental "" and "" orientalism "" , see e . g . , e . said 's "" orientalism "" 1978 . i reject the orientalist framework and the analysis of semitic systems which was extended to other "" oriental "" systems , which was extended worldwide to at least half of the world 's systems ; i indirectly reject the traditional analysis of mandarin and navajo . to clarify and make the discussion more concrete , i offer an analysis of english in the orientalist framework ( * please * do not take this seriously as an analysis of english ) . english , as all reputable authorities agree , is "" tenseless "" : it encodes only "" aspect "" ( cf . slavic systems ) . not only do we find arrested development , but actual regression from the robust classical aryan tma systems . english has but one distinction : - ed vs - s / - 0 , respectively perfective and imperfective . the perfective signals "" completion "" vs the non-completion of the imperfective . the severely impoverished system of english signals the regression of the anglo - american mind ( witness reagan and thatcher , etc . , etc . ) . we note several key elements that underlie all traditional analyses of so-called "" tenseless "" languages . 1 ) tma is encoded morphologically on the greek model or not at all : the "" morphocentric fallacy . "" 2 ) the perfective is defined as relative past tense ( bypassing the revolution in aspectology in the second half of the 1800s ) : the "" aorist fallacy . "" 3 ) the relative hierarchy of languages , with greek and sanskrit on top , semitic near the bottom , and now the creoles on the bottom , related to the relative development of "" mind "" and tied to a particular pre - darwinian interpretation of evolutionary theory . english is not tenseless , nor is biblical hebrew or quranic arabic , nor is japanese , nor burmese , nor turkish , nor indeed mohawk or haitian creole . they do differ from the standard european systems : they systematically differ with respect to aspect in mirror-image fashion . this difference is insightfully captured by cowper 's strong claim for a simple binary parameter for aspect : a system default 's for an aspectual interpretation of its simple tense system , either perfective or non-perfective . the aspect not "" defaulted for "" is separately encoded ( cross-linguistically in a limited number of ways ) . european "" tense "" systems default for the non-perfective ( apparently the minority or marked option ) ; non - european "" tenseless "" systems default for the perfective as does english . i simply extrapolate to a strong claim for universal grammar : all systems encode tense ( past vs non-past ; i do not grant a "" future tense "" ) , and at least irrealis / realis ; and in addition the basic system is configured by the binary parameter for aspect . virtually all systems outside of the european sphere default for the perfective according to my studies ; and i assume that is the unmarked setting for ug . the major diagnostic among many is the ( non - ) obligatory expression of the progressive : the perfective default must separately encode the progressive . e . g . , mandarin must express the progressive by the zai v construction ( lit . "" at v "" ) : it defaults for the perfective . navajo and apparently the athabaskan family as a whole default for the non-perfective ( with algonquian systems , the only real pocket of european - like non-perfective defaulters ) . this work is summarized in my "" tenseless languages in light of an aspectual parameter for universal grammar : a preliminary cross - linguistic survey "" , forthcoming fall 1995 , toronto working papers in linguistics . this does not mean that individual lexica cannot increase the complexity of the system , nor that the many interactions between tma and lexical classes are not also parameterized . i ' m only talking about the basic configuration of the tma system for ug . smith is right to point to great complexity inherent in the systems she described in her last posting . re mandarin . the difficulty is what counts as "" inflection "" , and whether "" inflection "" is not infl of standard theorizing . i recognize mandarin - le as inflection ; but not - guo , - zhe ( smith does not mention v - ( yi - ) v , nor does she include v1-v2 compounds ) . the literature i use is divided on the morphosyntactic status of - guo . but - zhe , i think , does not in any way behave as "" inflection "" : see among many sources , li , thompson , "" the meaning and structure of complex sentences with - zhe in mandarin chinese "" jaos 96 . 4 ( 1976 ) . it certainly is not a "" progressive "" ; but is perhaps some sort of "" adjectivalization "" . re navajo . i think the jury is still out on these systems . but rice 's work on slave indicates the lexical nature of several classes of morphemes in the athabaskan verb complex . there is indeed a great deal of complexity here . and since athabaskan is really the only system that does not fall out naturally from my proposal , it deserves great attention . either the whole project falls through , or we learn something interesting about athabaskan systems , or the proposal gets modified in an interesting way : who knows . we learn nothing without strong claims . in summary : i reject any analysis that is "" tenseless "" ; and / or defines perfectivity in terms of relative past tense ( with comrie 1976 ) . these views embedded in the current consensus on tma can be easily traced to the early 1800s and the work on hebrew and arabic . i reject that early framework ( and the not-so - pretty cultural baggage that goes with it ) . in its place i place cowper 's binary aspectual parameter default , and extend the proposal not only to the other "" oriental "" systems but to a strong claim for ug 's tma system . according to my surveys , the only real problem is what to do with athabaskan systems : a project for the near future ( i hope ) . i note that many proposals under other approaches would benefit from the reduction and simplification of terms , concepts , etc . e . g . , bybee et al 's system can be streamlined ; and symmetries emerge that appear amenable to explanation . descriptive / typological work is put on a better footing as well . respectfully , vincent decaen c / o near eastern studies dept 4 bancroft ave . , 3d floor university of toronto toronto on m5s 1a1 canada or decaen @ epas . utoronto . ca
",0
1561,"Subject: tok masta - an addition to summary
 
 this mail is an addition to the summary of sources on tok masta , foreigner talk ( ? ) of new guinea , which i not long time ago . the message was not in - cluded in the summary , because of a few problems with my adress . it seems very relevant to the subject to me - thanks a lot to robert mannell < robert . mannell @ mq . edu . au "" > for sending it : > i do n't have any references , but when i was in papua new guinea in 1974 / 75 > i often heard this term . i spent several months trekking in the new guinea > central highlands . the term was sometimes used by local people in response > to hearing english being spoken and was sometimes used when tok pisin ( then > called tok pidgin ) was being spoken poorly by a native speaker of english . > in this second case the form of tok pisin being spoken was strongly > contaminated by australian english pronunciation and by the use of extra > english words which were not then current in tok pisin ( what effect this > had on the subsequent development of tok pisin vocabulary i do not know ) . > > to summarize : > tok masta = = english tok masta = = heavily anglicised tok pisin ( whic h may have sounded > like english to the local people ) you may recall > various studies of the english - creole continuum in > jamaica where "" broad "" creole speakers believed that > their somewhat anglicised creole was actually > english . > tok masta = = any other non - png language being spoken by a > european ( ? ? ? ) this is possible , but i do n't > recall ever hearing it used this way . > > other terms that i heard which also referred to english were : - > tok place bilong masta > place tok bilong masta > > "" tok place "" and "" place tok "" appeared to be used interchangeably and referred > to the local language at the place of birth of the person being referred to . > this term , when used generically , distinguished between the lingua franca , tok > pisin and the person 's own first language . therefore , it can be assumed that > the use of the term "" tok place bilong masta "" was intended to mean the language > spoken at the place of birth of the foreigner . > > the term "" masta "" was always a term that i had great difficulty with when i > was in png . on a number of occasions i asked local speakers what they thought > the word meant . in no cases did they associate the word with meanings similar > to the english word "" master "" and simply saw it as a term for male europeans or > "" white skins "" as they called us ( less formally ) . it may be that local people > working on plantations in areas such as new britain may have used the word > differently as in such regions the europeans were very much more in control . > in the central highlands the people were extremely independant . they did > have some experience of working for europeans however but in such cases the > correct term for their employer was usually "" boss "" or "" boss man "" ( a term > also used to refer to village elders ) . the term "" masta "" was reserved as a > generic term for all europeans , not just their employers . "" masta "" could be > used to refer to europeans in the abstract , to a particular group of europeans , > or ( in my experience , most commonly ) as a form of address to a specific > european ( eg i was often greeted as follows : - "" api nun masta "" = > "" good afternoon < masta > "" ) > > i hope this is of some use to you . > > regards > > dr robert h . mannell > speech , hearing and language research centre > macquarie university > sydney , nsw , 2109 , australia . > e-mail : robert . mannell @ mq . edu . au
",0
1562,"Subject: 
 
 mitwpl is happy to announce the publication of two new volumes ! scil vi , proceedings of the sixth annual student conference in linguistics , university of rochester , new york . chris giordano and daniel ardron ( eds ) . mit working papers in linguistics # 23 . 336 pp , $ 12 + p / h ( $ 2 in us , else $ 3 ) . mitwpl , 20d-219 mit , cambridge , ma , 02139 , usa - mitwpl @ mit . edu . babyonyshev , m , r fein , j ganger & s avrutin ; bakovic , e ; boster , c tenny ; brown , k leigh ; buering , d ; dimitriadis , a ; elordieta , g ; han , e ; hartmann , k & d buering ; jimenez , m - l ; lee , s ; lopez , l ; nunes , j ; oshita , h ; poulin , c ; ramos - santacruz , m ; ura , h ; varlokosta , s . formal approaches to japanese linguistics 1 , proceedings of the may 1994 mit conference . mit working papers in linguistics # 24 , masatoshi koizumi and hiroyuki ura ( eds ) . 411 pp , $ 15 + p / h ( $ 2 in us , else $ 3 ) . send checks to mitwpl , 20d-219 mit , cambridge , ma , 02139 , usa . e-mail : mitwpl @ mit . edu aikawa , t ; aoyagi , h ; brockett , c ; dubinsky , s ; endo , y ; kato , y ; kawashima , r ; kikuchi , a , m oishi , & n yusa ; kimura , n ; kitahara , h ; koizumi , m ; nakamura , a ; nakayama , m ; saito , m ; sakai , h ; sohn , k - w ; tsujimura , n ; ura , h ; venditti , j & h yamashita ; watanabe , s .
",0
1563,"Subject: summary : polish phonology
 
 not too long ago i posted a request for polish informants who were also linguists in the hope of getting some quick responses to some questions about polish phonology which are not fully addressed in the literature . the response has been tremendous . since the details may not be of interest , and since i am not sure if all respondents want their names used , i will summarize as follows : most respondents report having a contrast between the sequences [ k ' e ] and [ kje ] as well as [ g ' e ] and [ gje ] , where by [ k ' ] and [ g ' ] i mean a fronted velar probably not quite as front as ipa [ c ] , though . a minority of respondents report no contrast , which is apparently the result of a very recent and presumably spreading sound change . of those speakers who do have the contrast , most report also having a similar contrast between [ x ' e ] and [ xje ] sequences , although one or two do not . it is this last contrast , [ x ' e ] vs . [ xje ] ( both distinct also from [ xe ] ) which is of special interest because in attested forms it only appears before one suffix , a rather peculiar one at that . the suffix is spelled - ewicz and it forms last names such as stankiewicz or banachiewicz . it is also clear that such names come from eastern poland , and that the [ x ' e ] pronunciation is thus a borrowing into standard polish from some eastern dialects and ultimately from east slavic ( belorussian / ukrainian ) . synchronically , however , it is a genuine contrast and one of special interest to those phonologists who are interested in the universals governing the possible systems of contrasts ( e . g . , in lexical phonology 's structure preservation , ) . great thanks to everybody who has responded so far . once i verify whether i am authorized to publicize people 's names i will post a "" nonymous "" acknowledgement . any additional information on this topic would be welcome . alexis mr
",0
1564,"Subject: < ot > programme tilburg conference
 
 derivational residue in phonology program tilburg university conference on the derivational residue in phonology 5 - 7 october 1995 october 5 1995 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 : 00-11 : 00 rene kager ( ots , utrecht ) surface opacity of metrical structure in optimality theory 11 : 00-12 : 00 c . orhan orgun ( u . c . berkeley ) a declarative theory of phonology - morphology interleaving 13 : 00-14 : 00 nancy ritter ( new york university ) a non - derivational approach to compensatory lengthening 14 : 00-15 : 00 laura benua ( university of massachusetts ) identity effects in morphological truncation 15 : 30-16 : 30 chris golston ( heinrich - heine - universitaet duesseldorf ) against syllabification 16 : 30-17 : 30 stuart davies ( indiana university ) some matters regarding the derivational residue october 6 1995 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 : 00-11 : 00 mark hewitt and patricia a . shaw ( university of british columbia ) cyclicity in ot : double reduplication in st ' at ' imcets 11 : 00-12 : 00 caroline r . wiltshire ( university of florida ) abandoning the lexical / postlexical derivation : an argument from syllabification 13 : 00-14 : 00 geert booij ( vrije universiteit amsterdam ) lexical phonology and the derivational residue 14 : 00-15 : 00 mary bradshaw ( ohio state university ) unrecoverable origins 15 : 30-16 : 30 mark verhijde ( ots ) derivedness and optimality theory 16 : 30-17 : 30 eugene buckley ( university of pennsylvania ) cyclicity and correpsondence october 7 1995 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 : 00-11 : 00 matthew chen ( ucsd ) directionality : constraints on derivation ? 11 : 00-12 : 00 san duanmu ( university of michigan ) alignment and the cycle are different 13 : 00-14 : 00 john alderete ( university of massachusetts ) faithfulness to prosodic heads 14 : 00-15 : 00 charles reiss ( harvard & boston university ) stepwise assimilation and optimality theory 15 : 30-16 : 30 r . ruth roberts - kohno ( ohio state university ) derivationalism in kikamba vowel hiatus phenomena 16 : 30-17 : 30 bruce hayes ( ucla ) post - nasal voicing in phonetically driven optimality theoretic phonology alternates - - - - - - - - - krisztina polgardi ( hil , leiden ) derived environment effects and optimality theory k . g . vijayakrishnan ( hyderabad ) phonological rule application at the word level organisation - - - - - - - - - - - participants ( except for speakers ) are expected to pay a fee of 50 dutch guilders . preregistration ( with m . voostendorp @ kub . nl or b . j . h . hermans @ kub . nl ) is preferred but not required . since there will be an international ice hockey tournament in tilburg during the week of the conference , most hotels are already overbooked and it is advisable for participants from abroad to get in touch with us as soon as possible .
",0
1565,"Subject: re : 6 . 959 , disc : he / she
 
 my message 6 . 959 , disc he / she , that was posted this past week , demonstrates that orthographical thorns do not send . i have replaced them with th - . also , middle english or piers plowman scholars who would like more lines from piers and the pronoun paradigms , please e-mail me . also , can someone summarize the patridominance in language theory of catherine callaghan ? + + + + + + + [ former post with thorns replaced ] dear linguist list subscribers , for the continuing discussion of the pronouns , i have some lines of data from the 17 manuscripts of the a - version of piers plowman . they can generally be said to be representative of 15th century usage . is it not strongly suggested in the lines that "" proverbial he "" , and perhaps the "" original "" morphology of the so called "" generic-he "" , was feminine , not masculine ? what a strange thing to say ! can this be accurate ? looking at the middle english pronouns , using the modern paradigm to evaluate them , is misleading and inconclusive . when the development of middle english "" his "" or "" him "" is evaluated without taking into consideration their development from old english morphology , much of the story is lost - - that these two "" masculine "" forms were also neuter , and in this later sense ( "" not one or the other "" ) , served well for the indefinite singular - - by way of development from the oe masculine / neuter obliques ; and the feminine forms were morphologically related to the plural . in the following lines , the h-stem subject is the feminine ( / plural ) , not the masculine . am i wrong ? ( playing for a moment the devil 's advocate ) do n't these lines below fly in the face of feminist theory as it sees the "" he "" "" stealing cognitive space "" , whereas in fact , they are feminine forms ? i would like to have some feminist theory input about these lines of evidence . if so-goes - the-language , so-goes - the-culture ( a la whorf ) , what can we make of the "" hers "" = "" theirs "" identity found widespread in middle english morpholgy , and what can we say about the "" proverbial he "" in the following being feminine ? is there anybody strong in feminist theory , particulary a feminist him - / herself , who can discuss this in the general forum ? is my understanding correct that feminist history sees the h-stem feminine as having dropped from living english by 1300 ? please help . do not hesitate to contact me personally about any aspects of this , pro , con , or indifferent . lines from piers ( * = unavailable character ) passus iii line 229 a ch and he that gripeth gifts , so [ ? ] god helpe , d and ho so gripeth here gifts , so me god helpe , e thai that grypith such gifts , sa me god helpe , h but he that gripeth siche 3eftis , so me god helpe , h2 and he that grypes here gifts , so me god helpe , h3 j and he that gripith mede , so me god helpe , k and thay thatat grepyn her gifts , so me god helpe , l and ho that gripeth heore 3eftes , so me god helpe , m and 3e that grypit here 3iftis , so me god helpe , n and he that gripeth 3e gift , so me god helpe , r and he that grypyt 3oure gifts , so me god helpe , t and he that gripith here gifts , so me god helpe , u and he that gripeth here gold , so me god helpe , v and heo that 3iftus heore gifts , so me god helpe , w he that gripeth here 3eftes , so me god helpe passus iii line 230 a schul ab * e [ abide ] it full bitterly or ellis the bok lyeth ch shal ab * e bitterly or the bok lie * th d shal ab * e it bitterly or the bok lyeth e sall ab * e it full bytter as the buke tellis h he schal abigge it bitterly or ellis the bok li * eth h2 shal ab * e it biterly or the bok lyeth h3 shal ab * e it bitterly or the bok li * eth j schulun abugge wel bitterly or the bok lyeth k schallen abigge hit wel bitterly or the bok lyeth l shal ab * e hit wel bytter or ellis the bok lyeth m scholyn abiggyn wol bytter or the bok liet n shal ab * e hit wel bitterly ar the bok lyeth r shal ab * e ful bitterly or the bok lyes t shal ab * ie it bitterly or the bok li * eth u shal ab * e ful bitere or the bok lyes v thei schullen abugge bitterly or the bok li * eth w shal ab * e it bitterly or the bok ly
",0
1566,"Subject: summary
 
 dear all , i send you a summary of the answers i got for my query on spanish corpora . my apologies for the repetitions : i have n't got the time to really "" summarize "" . ta . yours , albert llorens spanish - english development group incyta , s . a . c . lluis muntadas 5 08940 cornella de llobregat barcelona spain e-mail : albert @ incyta . es _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ there 's a cd-rom edited by the european corpus initiative which includes a number of texts in several european languages . among others it includes cee law in spanish , english and portugese , or a xerox manual in english and spanish . a somewhat more detailed account of the contents of this cd-rom follows : european corpus initiative corpora available on cd-rom : eci1 / mul06 / msp06 / spa16a : information technology , eu , 26 , 000 words eci1 / spa02a - j : el diario sur , local newspaper from malaga , belongs to national publisher , in existence for 40 years . different writing styles , 500 , 000 words . eci2 / mul04 / msp04a - j : telecommunication user manual , several 100 , 000 words . eci2 / mul09 / spa19a : xerox scanworx user manual , 45 , 000 words . eci2 / mul12 / msp12 / msp12a - c : civil law , switzerland , 600 , 000 words . eci4 / spa03 : minimally processed by eci ; contains errors and duplication but the clean and fc files seem to be clean . el diario vasco , newspaper clean files , news , few errors , 300 , 000 words fc files , 177 , 000 words _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ apart from the eci cd-rom there are the following corpora available : ftp lola . lllf . uam . es / pub / corpus / argentina 2 million words / pub / corpus / chile 2 millions words fernando sanchez leon , laboratorio de linguistica informatica : the crater project : itu corpus in the process of postediting . trilingual ( french / english / spanish ) corpus has more than 3 million words and is the so-called "" white book on telecommunications "" released by the international telecommunications union . fernando et al are working with a 1 - million word subcorpus , which will also be postedited . this corpus , along with the tagger developed for its tagging and all the resources associated with the tagger will be in the public domain in october 1995 . there is a lexicon with + 35 , 000 words ( full forms , not lemmas ) , part-of - speech annotated , that can be used as a starting point in lexicon-building tasks . the national newspaper abc has just released a cd-rom with last year 's literary supplement that can be purchased for under $ 50 . + 4 million words of clean , high-quality written text . archivo digital de manuscritos y textos espa = a4oles available on cd-rom . charles faulhaber , dept . of spanish & portuguese , u of california , berkeley . the eu multext project of collecting a corpus which will contain parallel texts from the european parliament and financial newspaper articles ( spanish from expansion newspaper ) . still finalizing licence agreements for these data . the relator language resources server , supports distribution of nlp resources . currently available through relator speech and text corpora , lexicons , nlp programs and tools , and related databases and systems . ftp : / / de . relator . research . ec . org / relator afs : / / afs / research . ec . org / projects / relator multilingual web pages : http : / / www . xx . relator . research . ec . org ( xx = 3dtwo - letter country codes of the eu countries such as de , uk , etc . ) only speech materials . briscoe et al paper reports a 17 , 000 - word tagged corpus . ( this is all the info i have on this paper . ) ftp : / / parcftp . xerox . com / pub / tagger spanish tagger , implemented in common lisp . comes with documentation , works very well . if you need to install common lisp to run it , several good free implementations at http : / / www . cs . rochester . edu / users / staff / miller / alu . html . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a last report . > 1 . / pub / corpus / : a . oral corpus of spanish ( 7 mb , about 2 , 000 , 000 words ) > b . some written corpora of south american spanish > > 2 . the lds is the best source , but joining costs money . > > 3 . the oxford text archive > 13 banbury road > oxford ox2 6nn > fax : + 44 865 273275 > > catalogue of over 1300 titles , available in paper > or electronic form on the oxford vax cluster as ox $ doc : textarchive . list and > ox $ textarchive . sgml , from various listservers , e . g . , listserv @ brownvm ( send > the mail message get humanist filelist for details ) , by anonymous ftp from > internet site ota . ox . ac . uk ( 163 . 1 . 2 . 4 ) in the directory pub / ota / public . > also , wherever you are , you can send a note to archive @ vax . oxford . ac . uk > specifying which form you want . > > spanish > > a . literary works , poems . > > 4 . 1066108 words ( approx . ) > origin : grupo eurotra , universidad autonoma de madrid > contact : manuel campos , eurotrac @ ccuam3 . sdi . uam . es or > fernando sanchez leon , laboratorio de l > available : publically via anonymous ftp , node lola . lllf . uam . es , > directory pub / corpus > contents : transcriptions of spoken language ( conferences , conversations , etc . ) > > 5 . 121051 words ( approx . ) > origin : childes ( child language data exchange system ) database , carnegie mellon > univ . > contact : brian macwhinney , brian @ andrew . cmu . edu > available : publically , previous communication with brian macwhinney > contents : database of corpora of parent-child and child-child interactions > from children speaking . > > 6 . 9 , 000 , 000 words ( approx . ) > origin : this is the european corpus initiative multilingual corpus i cd-rom > cost : 20 pounds > contact : eucorp @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk > available : all use of this corpus is subject to a licence agreement > the cd-rom is available in the us from the linguistic data consortium ( ldc ) , > for members of the ldc or those making a bulk purchase , and otherwise from > elsnet , 2 buccleuch place , edinburgh eh8 9lw , scotland . the cost from elsnet > is 20 uk pounds plus postage , handling and tax where applicable . ordering > procedure is detailed in > > http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / elsnet / eci . html > > 7 . university of barcelona : spoken corpus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
",0
1567,"Subject: jobs in japanese and chinese
 
 the university of otago ( dunedin , new zealand ) invites applications for the following positions in japanese and chinese . interested people should contact the person designated in the advertisements that follow , not the messenger . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( a ) lecturer / senior lecturer in japanese applications are invited for the position of lecturer / senior lecturer in japanese within the school of languages . applicants should have native or near-native fluency in both japanese and english ; experience in teaching advanced japanese to english - speaking students at tertiary level ; and research and teaching expertise in either japanese linguistics , or in a field of japanese literature , film , and / or drama . in addition , candidates will need the following : for appointment to a senior lectureship , a phd together with a substantial record of publications ; and for a lectureship , a completed or near-completed phd . the successful applicant will be responsible for teaching japanese language and topics relating to the area of his or her expertise at appropriate levels . the appointee will also be expected to pursue and supervise research in the area of their expertise . appointment will be at an appropriate step on the lecturer 's scale , $ nz37 , 440 - $ nz45 , 448 per annum , or the senior lecturer 's scale , $ nz46 , 800 - nz $ 67080 . the position is available from 1 december 1995 , and it is hoped that the successful applicant will be able to assume responsibilities as close as possible to that date . specific enquiries may be directed to professor a . g . fox , head , school of languages , university of otago , ( fax no ( 64 ) ( 3 ) 479-8689 ; e-mail agfox @ gandalf . otago . ac . nz ) , or from the registrar , mr d . w . girvan , university of otago , p . o . box 56 , dunedin , new zealand ( fax no ( 64 ) ( 3 ) 474 1607 ) . applications quoting reference number a / close with the registrar on 31 august 1995 . equal opportunity in employment is university policy . ( b ) lecturer in chinese applications are invited for the position of lecturer in chinese within the school of languages . applicants should have native or near-native fluency in both chinese and english , and experience of teaching chinese at tertiary level . ability to lecture fluently in english is essential . in addition , candidates should have a completed or near-completed phd in an area of chinese language , literature , or culture , together with a record of research publications . preference may be given to candidates with expertise in classical chinese . the successful applicant will be responsible for teaching courses in chinese language and civilization at undergraduate level , in the first instance . the appointee will also be expected to pursue research in the area of his or her expertise . appointment will be at an appropriate step on the lecturer 's scale , $ nz37 , 440 - $ nz45 , 448 per annum . the position is available from 1 february 1996 , and it is hoped that the successful applicant will be able to assume responsibilities as close as possible to that date . specific enquiries may be directed to professor a . g . fox , head , school of languages , university of otago , ( fax no ( 64 ) ( 3 ) 479-8689 ; e-mail agfox @ gandalf . otago . ac . nz ) , or from the registrar , mr d . w . girvan , university of otago , p . o . box 56 , dunedin , new zealand ( fax no ( 64 ) ( 3 ) 474 1607 ) . applications quoting reference number a / close with the registrar on 31 august 1995 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
1568,"Subject: job announcement
 
 job announcement department of foreign languages and literatures national chiao tung university hsinchu , taiwan , roc the department plans to fill a number of teaching positions in the following fields : 1 . anglo - american literature , literature and film , identity politics or postcolonialism . 2 . computational linguistics , cognitive science , phonology or phonetics . appointees will be required to conduct individual and collaborative research , teach specialized as well as language proficiency courses ( including translation ) , participate in curriculum development . and perform some administrative duties . candidates must have ph . d . degrees by the time of appointment , which is scheduled for august , 1995 . appointments will be made at the ranks of assistant professorship ( pending government approval ) , associate professorship , or professorship . salaries wil be based on the government pay scale , and commensurate with qualifications and experience . letters of application , brief statements of current reserach , c . v ( including names , addresses , telephone or fax numbers of 3 referees ) should be sent to : professor ying - hsiung - chou chair , dept . of foreign lang . & lit . 1001 ta hsueh road , hsinchu taiwan 30050 , roc for inquiry , please contact the department : telephone : 886-35 - 712121 ext . 58100 fax : 886-35 - 726037 email : cptsai @ cc . nctu . edu . tw deadline of application : feb . 28 , 1995 .
",0
1569,"Subject: re : 6 . 943 , disc : non - decimal counting systems
 
 members may be interested in the work of dr glendon lean ( a past colleague of mine in png ) who passed away in march this year after recording his work of 22 years on the counting systems of papua new guinea and oceania . he documented in 24 appendices ( bound in four volumes ) counting systems of over 883 languages , most of which were not a simple base 10 cycle . on top of this , his thesis also suggested that the origins of counting systems are to be found in indigenous cultures and while they were spread they may have also spontaneously developed . he included records of body tally systems in which numbers were also used for parts of the body in an orderly system ; cycles of every number up to ten except seven and nine ( i think from memory ) with many having secondary cycles . he covered austronesian languages and papuan languages . printed copies of the volumes of appendices are available from chris wilkins , dept . of mathematics and statistics , png university of technology , lae , private mail bag , papua new guinea . professor alan bishop , education , monash university melbourne is also able to assist with information on this . i am hoping to look at some further mathematical connections in languages in east timor . if anyone has any information on this , could you please email me . thank you , dr kay owens , faculty of education , university of western sydney , macarthur , po box 555 , campbelltown , nsw 2560 australia .
",0
1570,"Subject: re : struck out by nomo
 
 the symbol k was used in early baseball box scores , indicating that the batter had struck out . this abbreviation was probably originated around 1850 by henry chadwick who "" introduced the newspaper box score so that one player 's performance could be fairly measured against another 's . "" chadwick was a british born newspaperman who is described in ken burns ' baseball as baseball 's "" chief arbiter , publicist , and goad "" who was the country 's first baseball editor , working for the new york clipper and for the brooklyn eagle for nearly fifty years . he also wrote chadwick 's baseball manual that standardized the rules , etc . of the early game . ( this information comes from my baseball informant , chris hakala , and the narrative transcript of geoffrey ward & ken burns ' _ baseball _ published by knopf , 1994 . ) john limber department of psychology university of new hampshire , durham nh 03824 , usa email : john . limber @ unh . edu fax ( 603 ) - 862-4986
",0
1571,"Subject: re : banning of german
 
 while flipping through random books at the linguistics library , i fell over something that would be interesting to this discussion . i have n't been following this thread , so this might have been mentioned before . i found a reference to the us supreme court reports , 1922 october term , meyer vs . nebraska , p . 392 - - 403 in steinberg ( 1993 ) an introduction to psycholinguistics , longman . i ' ll quote the passage in full , as it is so well written . it 's in the beginning of chapter 8 . "" in may of 1920 , in hamilton county , nebraska , a rural area of the united states , a teacher , mr robert meyer , was arrested for violating state law . mayer had been teaching bible stories in german at zion parochial school to a 10 - year-old boy . nebraska law forbade the teaching of a second language to children under the age of 13 . not only nebraska but 21 other states as well prohibited the teaching of foreign languages , except 'd ead ' languages such as latin and greek . according to nebraska 's 1919 siman act , ' no person . . . shall teach any subject to any person in any language other than the english language . languages other than english may be taught only after a pupil shall have . . . passed the eighth grade . . . . any person who violates any of the provisions of this act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and , upon conviction , shall be subject to a fine of not less than twenty-five dollars ( $ 25 ) , nor more than one hundred dollars ( $ 100 ) or be confined in the county jail for any period not exceeding thirty days for each offense . ' if found guilty , meyer could have been fined or even sent to jail . the states had passed these laws essentially with the german language as the target , america had just finished a war with germany and there was a hatred of germany and things german , particularly its military values , ideals and political institutions . the law reflected the widespread belief that the german language was the embodiment of all that was evil in german culture and that to teach such a language to young americans would be immoral and corrupting . meyer decided to appeal his case to the supreme court of the state of nebraska . ironically , lawyers for the state of nebraska took essentially the position presented in the german language by the german philosopher , wilhelm von humboldt , in 1836 . that is , a language by its very nature represents the spirit and national character of a people . if this were true , then by teaching them the grammar , structure and vocabulary of the german language , meyer could indeed have been harming american children by making them into german militarists right there on the plains of nebraska . the nebraska supreme court denied meyer 's appeal , but meyer did not submit . he then took his case to the highest court in the country , the united states supreme court , where he won his case . that court overturned his conviction and declared unconstitutional all laws in the united states which forbade the teaching of a foreign language . in its 1922 ruling the court stated as one basis for its decision . ' mere knowledge of the german language cannot reasonably be regarded as harmful . ' we see in this story that a seemingly purely theoretical issue can have very practical consequences in everyday life . in making a legal decision on the matter , the court also made a psycholinguistic decision , on the relationship of language , thought and culture . was the court correct ? it is this question that we shall now consider . '
",0
1572,"Subject: on language and separatism
 
 on linguist vol-6 - 955 , jelly julia ( julia @ let . rug . nl ) says : "" basque and catalan separatism is not based on language . why do we never hear "" anything about galician separatism on the iberian peninsula ? galician is a "" language very different from spanish ( and not so different from portuguese ) . "" the name of the region is galicia and is part of spain . galician is a language "" much older than spanish itself : it was used for poetry and by the kings in "" ancient times . still , we do not hear a lot about galician separatism . neither "" do we hear anything about leonese separatism , aragonese separatism , andalusian "" separatism , simply because it does not exist . separatism on the peninsula has "" nothing to do with language . it has everything to do with historic rights of "" old kingdoms . galician separatism exists . it just simply does n't reach the news because galician separatists ( a minority ) have n't killed people , even though they ' ve tried to on a couple of occasions . on the contrary , galician separatists ( and federalists ) have been killed by the spanish army and police ( during franco 's uprising and regime ) . there are galician separatists in the jails of the spanish kingdom . the spiral of stret and institutional violence is benefitial to the western democratic states . separatism in the iberian peninsula , as elsewhere , has to do with the way peoples view ( or are led to view ) their own identity in opposition to other identities . language is most often , if not always , an issue . as for galiza , to the extent that the spanish state is able to keep the lid on the language issue by taming the language of galiza ( portuguese ) and turning it into a domestic "" galician "" , no problem - - galiza won't reach the news . galiza , as many other minorized cultures of the world , is caught between two states : spain and portugal . what the kingdom of spain and , particularly , its representatives in galiza ( the majority of the local political and intellectual elites ) can't cope with is the fact that another state 's language , portuguese , is spoken ( and written as such , by a small fraction of the elites ) within spanish territory . legislative , administrative , and judicial measures have been taken to silence some intellectuals , writers , and teachers who support , with rational arguments , the view that "" galician "" is just a set of regional and social varieties of portuguese , and therefore it should be written with the portuguese orthography . these acts of actual repression , discrimination and censorship by the mechanisms of the spanish state do n't reach the news either . the situation of the "" language question "" in galiza nowadays is the furthest one could imagine from a civilized , technical and political debate on how to articulate and reconcile galician identity / ies with galiza 's language . it is discouraging and worrisome to see how the term "" reintegrationist "" , which refers to those who seek the effective recognition of galician as a part of its natural linguistic domain , portuguese , is being thrown around as an insult in public and academic discourse . i should clarify that the separatist / reintegrationist lines intersect each other . that is , there are galician separatists or nationalists who are reintegrationists and use the portuguese orthography , and then there are other separatists and nationalists who are very happy with the institutionally-supported view of galician as a "" separate language "" to be written , however , with a spanish - based orthography . in the meantime , galician portuguese is being learned less and less as a first language . but that 's not the real issue . celso alvarez - caccamo lxalvarz @ udc . es
",0
1573,"Subject: sum : had better
 
 dear linguists , on behalf of my friend , i asked you to check the sentences about _ had better not _ , _ had better not _ , etc . here are his summary below . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * at the end of may , i raised a query about the acceptability of the following sentences . ( 1 ) you had n't better stay here tonight . ( 2 ) you had not better stay here tonight . ( 3 ) a : i promise i ' ll pay you back . b : you better had . to my surprise , soon after my posting , i got as many as 64 reposes . thank you very much for answering my query . i had n't expected so may people were interested on this matter . i think i should mention all the names and e-mail addresses , but there are far too many to mention . if you feel this is inadequet , please email to prof . tanaka to write your names on the list . i will immediately prepare for writing your names . the result of the inquiry is as follows : ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ok 10 0 12 ? 15 5 3 * 39 59 49 about two thirds of the respondents refused these usages and i can also add that these usages varies geometrically , especially british english , it seemed to me . i also asked for a few sentences using _ it ( or this ) had better . . . examples ( 4 ) , ( 5 ) and ( 6 ) below are typical instances of _ had better _ with inanimate subjects : ( 4 ) it had better not rain tomorrow or we can't got to the beach . ( 5 ) i spent all day working on the tv . it had better work now . ( 6 ) joe : i can explain why i am late . jane : this had better be good some people say that _ this had better be good _ is a cliche and in ( 6 ) it implies the speaker kas expectations that the excuse will be fanciful or just plain untrue . i would like to thank again to all the people who reponded . if you had any comments on this matter , please email through prof . tanaka to me . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * best wishes , hiroaki tanaka , associate professor , tokushima university , japan hiro-t @ ias . tokushima-u . ac . jp
",0
1574,"Subject: email address ? ? ?
 
 dear linguists , does anyone know where can i get the email addresses of all ( or some ) the linguistics graduate schools in the us ? thanks for your kindly help sherman `
",0
1575,"Subject: query : chomsky 's "" single mutation ""
 
 on page 43 of his 1977 paper ` language origin theories ' , in duane rumbaugh 's book _ language learning by a chimpanzee _ , gordon hewes asserts that chomsky has explicitly attributed the human language faculty to a single genetic mutation in our ancestors . he gives as his source "" chomsky ( 1967 ) "" , but , exasperatingly , neither this work nor any other work by chomsky is listed in his bibliography , nor is it obvious what work he might have been citing . can anyone point me to any places in chomsky 's writings ( or , indeed , in anyone else 's writings ) in which such a suggestion is explicitly made ? all i ' ve been able to find is chomsky 's repeated suggestions that our language faculty might have arisen as a by-product of other developments and hence as something not subject to natural selection , but that 's not quite the same thing . larry trask cogs university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh england larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk
",0
1576,"Subject: ernest scatton
 
 hi . does anybody have an internet address of ernest scatton ? the bitnet address that i have ( escatton @ albnyvms . bitnet or equivalently escatton @ albnyvms ) is out of reach for my node . please send the answer to my personal address : bertinet @ sns . it thanks for your help . pier marco bertinetto scuola normale superiore , pisa
",0
1577,"Subject: query repetitions
 
 i am writing for a graduate student who is not on the list . please send any answers directly to him . his address is at the end of the message . he 's interested in speakers ' noncorrective repetitions ( including paraphrases ) of their interlocutors ' utterances and utterance fragments , especially in educational contexts . if you know of any work on this subject or if have any hypotheses , please write to marinus stephan at stephan . 15 @ postbox . acs . ohio-state . edu . michael newman asst . professor of educational linguistics dept . of educational theory & practice the ohio state university
",0
1578,"Subject: case studies needed
 
 dear colleagues , i ' m preparing to teach an introductory course in language variation , and i 'd like to get your help ( again ) . could you recommend any case studies , either from published sources or from your own experience , that would be appropriate for class discussion ? what i ' m looking for in a case study is a description of a real situation , preferably a somewhat controversial one . ideally , it would include some background information , a description of the conflicts involved , the sequence of events up to a point where a decision is needed , and a description of the actual decision taken . since the course is on language variation , relevant case studies would include anecdotes on discrimination in the workplace or in the educational system because of language choice or dialect choice , or cases involving difficult decisions in language planning or language legislation . i ' ve never used case studies before , so advice and comments are also welcome ! my address is mkuha @ silver . ucs . indiana . edu thanks for your help . mai kuha
",0
1579,"Subject: sum : glosses with latex
 
 i got quite a number of replies to my query about latex style packages for linguistic glosses . the most widely used and perhaps best solutions ( my humble opinion ! ) are : covingtn . sty gb4e . sty , including cgloss . sty , a derivative of covingtn . sty both packages are available on ctan - servers ( latex users probably know what / where that is , otherwise try e . g . ftp . dante . de or www . dante . de ) . gb4e . sty redefines circumflexes and underline which may not be desired ( e . g . if you use esperant . sty ) . hope this information is useful . martin haase - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dr . martin haase mhaase @ dsouni1 . rz . uni-osnabrueck . de universitaet osnabrueck fb 7 phone : ( + 49 541 ) 969-4340 de-49069 osnabrueck fax : ( + 49 541 ) 969-4256 http : / / hal . cl-ki . uni-osnabrueck . de / ^ haase / ( ^ = tilde = % 7e ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
1580,"Subject: sum : recursos para el espanol ( spanish resources )
 
 aqui envio un resumen de respuestas acerca de recursos linguisticos existentes para el espanol . here i send a summary of answers about available spanish resources . gracias a / thanks to : gerardo arrarte fernando sanchez leon ruthanna barnett alice carlberger rodrigo santurio james l . fidelholtz cesar romani joerge koch jose l . rodrigo martin beaumont franowsky steve halmreich eduardo a . martinez labrada mon alameda erik oltmans . . . and many more - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - el instituto cervantes , ente pu ' blico espan ~ ol dedicado principalmente a la difusio ' n en el mundo de la lengua espan ~ ola y de la cultura de los pueblos de habla hispana , lleva a cabo diversas actividades destinadas a fomentar la investigacio ' n de la lengua espan ~ ola . entre otras actividades relacionadas con el campo de la tecnologi ' a lingu "" i 's tica , estamos poniendo en marcha una oficina cuyo objetivo sera ' la promocio ' n de las industrias de la lengua aplicadas al espan ~ ol . para ello , se ha considerado esencial realizar una labor de recogida y diseminacio ' n de informacio ' n sobre actividades en curso y recursos lingu "" i 's ticos disponibles en distintos centros de investigacio ' n . hasta el momento , hemos realizado una encuesta sobre corpus de espan ~ ol existentes o en desarrollo en centros de investigacio ' n espan ~ oles , y hemos recogido los datos resultantes de esta encuesta en un informe de 56 pa ' ginas que tendre ' mucho gusto en hacerte llegar . en el futuro , esta ' previsto ampliar este inventario con datos correspondientes a otros tipos de recursos lingu "" i 's ticos , asi ' como con los procedentes de proyectos en marcha en otros pai 's es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : gerardo arrarte carriquiry : e - mail : : : programas de tecnologia linguistica : g . arrarte @ cervantes . es : : instituto cervantes : : : libreros , 23 : tel : + 34 1 885 62 03 : : e-28801 alcala de henares ( madrid ) : fax : + 34 1 883 50 10 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - el corpus itu est ' a disponible en el corpus de eci ( european corpus initiative ) , que puede conseguirse a trav ' es de la elsnet . la direcci ' on es la siguiente : email : elsnet @ let . ruu . nl mail : ots , trans 10 , 3512 jk , utrecht , the netherlands tel : + 31 30 53 6039 fax : + 31 30 53 6000 www : http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / elsnet / home . html es un corpus triling "" ue ( espa ~ nol , ingl ' es , franc ' es ) . la versi ' on que estamos elaborando nosotros incluye etiquetado morfosint ' actico , corregido a mano , de 1 mill ' on de palabras del corpus . esta versi ' on estar ' a en el dominio p ' ublico a partir de octubre de este a ~ no . asimismo , la versi ' on espa ~ nola del etiquetador de xerox estar ' a tambi ' en en el dominio p ' ublico en esa fecha . en nuestro laboratorio tenemos otros corpus , como habr ' as visto en la lista corpora ( te incluyo parte de un anuncio en ingl ' es ) : there are some spanish corpora that you can retrieve from our laboratory . they are all documented . the corpora can be downloaded from the following address : host : lola . lllf . uam . es login : anonymous password : < send your e-mail address > at this moment , we have a corpus of spoken spanish in orthographic transcription directory : pub / corpus / oral and a corpus of written spanish texts from argentine and chile directory : pub / corpus / argentina pub / corpus / chile all the corpora include texts in one of the topics you are interested in . note that the oral corpus is compressed using unix command ' compress ' while the other two are . zip files produced with dos compress utilities ( take a look at readme files ) . fernando sanchez leon fsanchez @ ccuam3 . uam . es - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - nota : mas informacion sobre el tagger de xerox se puede conseguir en : consortium for lexical research email : lexical @ crl . nmsu . edu ftp : / / clr . nmsu . edu ftp directory : members-only / tools / ling-analysis / syntax / xerox-tagger / this part-of - speech tagger , designed by doug cutting and jan pederson at xerox , was written in ansi common lisp . its development was done in franz allegro common lisp version 4 . 1 on sunos4 . x and macintosh common lisp 2 . 0p2 . the following code is provided : source code , a tokenizer for plain ascii english , an english lexicon enduced from the brown corpus , a table of mappings for word suffixes to likely ambiguity classes , and an hmm trained on the odd numbered sentences in the brown corpus . more info : info / xerox . o : ftp : / / parcftp . xerox . com / pub / tagger if you need to install common lisp to run it , several good free implementations at http : / / www . cs . rochester . edu / users / staff / miller / alu . html . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - european corpus initiative corpora available on cd-rom : eci1 / mul06 / msp06 / spa16a : information technology , eu , 26 , 000 words eci1 / spa02a - j : el diario sur , local newspaper from malaga , belongs to national publisher , in existence for 40 years . different writing styles , 500 , 000 words . eci2 / mul04 / msp04a - j : telecommunication user manual , several 100 , 000 words . eci2 / mul09 / spa19a : xerox scanworx user manual , 45 , 000 words . eci2 / mul12 / msp12 / msp12a - c : civil law , switzerland , 600 , 000 words . eci4 / spa03 : minimally processed by eci ; contains errors and duplication but the clean and f c files are clean ( ? ) el diario vasco , newspaper clean files , news , few errors , 300 , 000 words fc files , 177 , 000 words the national newspaper abc has just released a cd-rom with last year 's literary supplement that can be purchased for under $ 50 . + 4 million words of clean , high-quality written text . archivo digital de manuscritos y textos espa = a4oles available on cd-rom . charles faulhaber , dept . of spanish & portuguese , u of california , berkeley the eu multext project of collecting a corpus which will contain parallel texts from the european parliament and financial newspaper articles ( spanish from expansion newspaper ) . still finalizing licence agreements for these data . the relator language resources server , supports distribution of nlp resources . currently available through relator speech and text corpora , lexicons , nlp programs and tools , and related databases and systems . ftp : / / de . relator . research . ec . org / relator = 0d afs : / / afs / research . ec . org / projects / relator multilingual web pages : http : / / www . xx . relator . research . ec . org ( xx = 3dtwo - letter country codes of the eu countries such as de , uk , etc . ) only speech materials . = 0d alice carlberger alice @ speech . kth . se - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - we have been working on a spanish to english machine translation system and so have access to a large corpus of spanish text and have developed a tagger for general newspaper articles . although the tagger uses proprietary information ( collins spanish - english on-line dictionary ) , we will shortly make the results available on-line . that is , you will be able to e-mail spanish texts and they will be returned tagged with part of speech . steve helmreich shelmrei @ crl . nmsu . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hola ; soy el coautor de un diccionario de frecuencias del castellano . . . . mon alameda cmsfi52 @ vmesa . cpd . uniovi . es - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - quizas pueda serte util la lista terminometro electronico en espanhol . la direccion de la lista es latin-te @ frmop11 . cnusc . fr el servidor electonico de la lista es listserv @ frmop11 . cnusc . fr martin beaumont franowsky beaumont @ desco . org . pe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - desde hace mucho existe el trabajo de el colegio de me ' xico ( el diccionario del espan ~ ol de me ' xico ) , proyecto cuyo investigador principal es luis fernando lara . e ' l tiene cuenta en internet , pero no la tengo a la mano , asi ' que te doy su direccio ' n de snail-mail : dr . luis fernando lara dem el colegio de me ' xico camino al ajusco me ' xico , d . f . me ' xico . han hecho recuentos por frecuencia segu ' n un corpus de aproximadamente 2 millones ( si no mal recuerdo ) de palabras , y tienen un programa de asignacio ' n de palabras segu ' n su parte de la oracio ' n . james l . fidelholtz jfidel @ udlapvms . pue . udlap . mx jfidel @ unm . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nosotros tratamos corpus de lengua de gran tamano , y hemos creado herramientas para la extraccion de informacion linguistica : - programa de busqueda y extraccion automatica de lemas con su contexto : real - programa de segmentacion y etiquetado morfologico de lemas , smorph . jose l . rodrigo + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + jose @ gril . univ-bpclermont . fr gril : groupe de recherche dans les industries de la langue universite blaise pascal - clermont ii 34 av . carnot , f - 63037 clermont - ferrand cedex + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + rodrigo @ eucmax . sim . ucm . es facultad de filologia universidad complutense de madrid - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - you might want to check out the agfl grammar worklab which also contains a small grammar for the spanish noun phrase . the author , paula maria santalla , can be contacted through paula @ cs . kun . nl . the url of the agfl home page is : http : / / www . cs . kun . nl / agfl / erik oltmans department of computer science university of nijmegen nijmegen , the netherlands http : / / www . cs . kun . nl / agfl / eriko - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the autonomous university of nuevo leon college of medicine , monterrey , mexico and california state university at fullerton ( csuf ) make available "" spanish 92 "" ( the first 2 , 000 most frequent words of spanish ) based on espa ~ nol 92 ( e92 ) , computational linguistic analysis of a million - word corpus of contemporary spanish carried out between 1986 and 1992 under a grant from the secretariat of public education of the mexican government . "" spanish 92 "" is available from the ftp server at csuf : ftp wintermute . fullerton . edu user > anonymous pw > username @ host . domain ftp > cd / pub / research / chandler prof . r . m . chandler - burns college of medicine autonomous university of nuevo leon monterrey , mexico remite : gabriel amores departamento de lengua inglesa universidad de sevilla nota : la direccion del prof . chandler - burns es rchandlr @ ccr . dsi . uanl . mx - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - consortium for lexical research email : lexical @ crl . nmsu . edu ftp : / / clr . nmsu . edu parallel text in english and spanish pan american health organization ftp directory : members-only / corpora / paho / the pan american health organization ( paho ) , conferences and general services division , has kindly allowed this group of sample parallel texts to be released for nlp research purposes . there are 180 pairs of text , 360 individual files , which amount to about 8 mb of data . the documents cover the general domains of public health and latin america , but vary greatly in content and in length . some are short memos or letters , most are longer reports and conference proceedings . the spanish documents do contain the spanish character encoding . other formatting commands , such as tabs , centering , italicizing , etc . have been removed . special thanks to dr . marjorie leon for her assistance in making these texts available . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the pappi system : a principle - based parser announcing the first public release of pappi , a prolog - based natural language parser for theories in the principles - and - parameters framework . pappi is designed to run on sun sparc - stations with quintus prolog . the pappi system includes : * an x - window system-based user interface to the underlying prolog - based parser . * a sample implementation of classic gb - theory , based on theory described in lasnik and uriagereka 's textbook "" a course in gb syntax "" . the implementation also includes sets of example sentences and sample parameterization for six languages . currently , these are english , japanese , dutch , french , spanish and german . ( this software was recently demoed at coling ' 94 . ) pappi is a parser that is designed to be a high-level research tool for experimenting with and learning about linguistic theory . this release represents just one possible instantiation within the principles - and - parameters framework . users are encouraged to experiment with and modify the sample principles . the pappi system represents code written to support research work . it is still very much under development . alternate theories ( and more sophisticated parsing models ) will be made publically available at a later stage . upcoming releases may also support other platforms and may not need quintus prolog . this is free software developed at the nec research institute , inc . , an institute for conducting long-term , fundamental research in computer and physical sciences . comments and suggestions for improvement to the system will be gratefully accepted ! i would like to also hear from those interested in extending the system . the pappi project also welcomes unencumbered software contributions , including ( but not limited to ) support for additional languages , theory and debugging tools . the system is available for anonymous ftp as : external . nj . nec . com : / pub / sandiway / pappi-2 . 0x . tar . z [ note : x is an alphabetic character denoting the current minor release . ] a . gz compressed version of the same tar file is also available as : external . nj . nec . com : / pub / sandiway / pappi-2 . 0x . tar . gz this version is recommended for those for those installations having gnu compress . current requirements : sun sparcstation sunos 4 . 1 . 3 or 5 . 3 ( aka solaris 2 . 3 ) quintus prolog 3 . 1 . 4 or 3 . 1 . 1 ( june 1992 ) approx . 35mb of disk space ( 55-70mb to install ) contact address : dr . sandiway fong nec research institute , inc . princeton nj 08540 usa email : sandiway @ research . nj . nec . com fax : ( 609 ) 951-2482 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cualquier otra informacion sobre recursos para el espanol , por favor envienla a mi direccion de e-mail ( no voy a estar suscrito a la lista ) . please , send any other information about spanish resources to my e-mail address ( i ' ll be no longer subscribed to the list ) . muchas gracias ! ! thank you very much ! ! pablo accuosto facultad de ingenieria universidad de la republica montevideo - uruguay e-mail : accuosto @ fing . edu . uy
",0
1581,"Subject: japanese / korean linguistics
 
 the sixth annual japanese / korean linguistics conference august 8-10 , 1995 university of hawaii at manoa center for korean studies auditorium cosponsored by the university of hawaii s department of east asian languages and literatures , department of linguistics , and center for korean studies supported by the korea foundation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - preliminary conference program [ note : moderators / discussants to be announced later . ] send inquiries to professor john haing ( haig @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu ) tuesday , august 8 8 : 00 a . m . - 8 : 45 a . m . : registration 8 : 45 a . m . - 9 : 00 a . m . : welcoming remarks and announcements session 1 : phonology a 9 : 00-10 : 30 : aspiration in korean phonology mira oh , yeojoo technical college korean place & manner assimilations in optimality theory hyeonkwan cho , university of minnesota constraints in post - obstruent tensification in korean seok - chae rhee , university of illinois at urbana - champaign 10 : 30-10 : 45 a . m . break session 2 : discourse a 10 : 45-12 : 45 : discourse - pragmatic functions of sentence - initial and sentence - final uses of the quotative particle in japanese makoto hayashi , university of colorado at boulder an expanded concept of speakerhood in japanese discourse dina r . yoshimi , university of hawaii at manoa japanese kedo : discourse function and genre toshihide nakayama and kumiko ichihashi - nakayama , university of california at santa barbara how seeing approaches knowing in korean , japanese , and english : an analysis of pota , miru , and see yong yae park and susan strauss university of california at los angeles 12 : 45 - 2 : 00 lunch 2 : 00 - 3 : 00 : guest speaker un - altaic features of the korean verb samuel e . martin , yale university 3 : 00 - 3 : 15 : break session 3 : historical linguistics a 3 : 15 - 5 : 45 : on the origins of japanese sentence particles ka and zo charles j . quinn , jr . , ohio state university the functions of kakari particle namu in heian narratives : an example from the tale of genji j . paul warnick , ohio state university on the origin of accent register in proto - japanese alexander vovin , miami university word - initial low register in proto - japanese moriyo shimabukuro , university of hawaii at manoa another source of m-b variation in japanese blaine erickson , university of hawaii at manoa wednesday , august 9 session 4 : semantics 8 : 30-11 : 00 : analysis of polysemous verbs keedong lee , yonsei university verb lexicalization patterns in korean young - joo kim , hong - ik university on the primacy of progressive over resultative state : the case of japanese - teiru yasuhiro shirai , university of california at los angeles groups as event - oriented entities eun - joo kwak , brown university topic , focus , and strong readings in korean : information partition by phrase structure and morphology hye - won choi , stanford university 11 : 00-11 : 15 : break 11 : 15-12 : 15 : guest speaker the logic of desirability and conditional reasoning noriko akatsuka , university of california at los angeles 12 : 15 - 1 : 30 : lunch session 5 : discourse b 1 : 30 - 3 : 30 : discourse determiners of referential choice in korean acquisition patricia m . clancy , university of california at santa barbara an inquiry into the discourse managing function of a japanese particle wa : an analysis of two distinctive interpretations of the te-wa construction in japanese setsuko arita , kyushu university a cognitive account of the korean morpheme - se : a marker of semantic givenness susan strauss , university of california at los angeles the discourse functions of - myen clause in korean chang - bong lee , university of pennsylvania 3 : 30 - 3 : 45 : break session 6 : syntax a 3 : 45 - 5 : 45 : case - theoretic account of complementizer deletion hirotaka mitomo , yokohama national university tense in the subject raising construction kaoru ohta , university of washington identifying the antecedent of pro in korean and japanese young - suk lee and lizanne kaiser , yale university two types of synthetic compounds and move - affix in korean chung - kon shi , harvard university 6 : 30 - 9 : 00 : dinner reception ( location to be announced ) thursday , august 10 session 7 : historical linguistics b 8 : 30-10 : 00 : kakarimusubi from a comparative perspective john whitman , cornell university evidence for pre - or proto - historic loans into japanese from a related language of the korean peninsula leon a . serafim , university of hawaii at manoa early chinese loanwords in korean and japanese : reexamining an old problem from a modern perspective marc h . miyake , university of hawaii at manoa 10 : 10-10 : 15 : break session 8 : syntax b 10 : 15-12 : 15 : numeral classifiers as adverbs of quantification yukiko sasaki alam , texas a & m university opacity and subjunctive complements in japanese asako uchibori , university of connecticut npis outside of negation scope daeho chung and hong - keun park university of southern california asymmetry in the quantificational force of - ( n ) un in korean chung - hye han , university of pennsylvania 12 : 15 - 1 : 30 : lunch session 9 : syntax c 1 : 30 - 3 : 00 : argument prominence of sino - korean verbal nouns yunsun jung , harvard university argument structure change in benefactive construction in korean seok - hoon you , university of hawaii at manoa light verb constructions and temporal constructions in japanese hiroto hoshi , soas , university of london 3 : 00 - 3 : 15 : break session 10 : phonology b 3 : 15 - 5 : 15 : perception of japanese pitch accent by koreans and its implications for understanding phonological structures y . sukegawa , s . sato , k . maekawa , and h . choi tohoku university and national language research institute umlaut in kyungsang korean : the optimal domains theoretic account seung - hoon shin , indiana university generalized alignment and prosodic categorization in korean hyunsook kang and borim lee hanyang university and wonkwang university nn : rendaku and licensing paradox keiichiro suzuki , university of arizona 5 : 15 : closing remarks
",0
1582,"Subject: bilingualism
 
 i ' m not sure why , but i was reluctant to post on the issue of us bilingualism . in any case , i feel obliged to say this as an educational linguist who has worked in esl and tangentially in bilingual ed teacher education . first of all , the entire notion that bilingual ed was , is , or could be ( designed as ) a method for introducing national plurilingualism is a nonstarter . therefore any debates about it using plurilingualism as argument get nowhere . in fact , with out a wish to flame anyone ( because i do n't think it was intentional ) the entire argument that we should stop bilingual ed because of its anti - english or anti-standard english agenda is of a kind very familiar to us in educational circles . it 's little different than what we hear from those who argue that proponents of progressive educational idea x ( e . g . whole langauge reading instruction , process writing , outcomes-based ed . ) are trying to bring down standards , undermine society , do something unamerican , and so on . it is essentially a rhetorical manipulation of the worst kind , based on false suppositions , and intended to push hot buttons . by saying this i am not defending bilingual ed or any other movement . however , i think these need to be debated on their educational merits . why is the argument a nonstarter ? admittedly , there are those in education who propose that students have the right to their own dialect language or what-have - you , and that they should n't have to learn standard english in school . however , they are largely involved in an academic exercise that takes place in the pages of journals of various sorts . they do not shape policy . the avowed purpose of the vast majority of bilingual ed programs is usually to ease a limited english proficient child into the mainstream . the idea is that if they take content area courses in their first language they will not fall behind while learning english . the programs contain esl components that supposedly will allow the kids to mainstream later . some programs do encourage native language literacy and continue classes native language classes throughout a child 's school career . some take very young english speaking kids and put them into these classes on an immersion basis . since usually older english speaking kids in other schools are trying , in theory , to learn the same language the immigrant kids are already fluent in , i fail to see what is controversial about that . it seems to be designed , in theory again , to encourage personal , not societal , bilingualism . the failings of bilingual ed , in places where it has failed , have more to do with poor educational practice than with policy . if kids are arriving at college after say five years in bilingual ed , and are entering esl programs , something did n't work right . to anyone remotely familiar with urban schools , that should hardly be a surprise . now , on a national level i think we should look at us bilingualism and forget about catalonia or the basque country for a moment . bilingualism in the us has endured over many generations in several situations : ( i ) tight - knit religious communities : hasidic jews who speak yiddish , old order amish , brethren , and mennonites , who speak their german dialects . ( ii ) groups who were overtaken , to put it nicely , by english speakers : the navajo and other indigenious peoples ; french creole speakers in louisiana , spanish in the southwest . ( iii ) isolated communities : gullah in south carolina and georgia . immigrants , it would seem , tend to assimilate linguistically over a few , typically very few generations . in spite of the myth that spanish - speakers are somehow different on this score , i think , it would be instructive to look at the case of new york , which is full of people young hispanics who cannot speak more than a few words of spanish - this in spite of continuing immigration from spanish - speaking countries . as a non - yiddish or hebrew speaking ashkanazi jew , i entirely understand this phenomenon although as a learner of spanish as a foreign language , i lament the lost opportunity . finally , i think it would be more instructive to look at which americans feel threatened by the non-existent threat of the demise of something that has never existed ( the us as a monolingual nation ) and try to figure out why people feel that way . why , for example , is it an issue in the west and not in new york ? why is it associated with right and not the left ? why has it come up now again ? is it it really just good old american nativism , ' 90s style , or is there something different going on ? also , why have n't we in linguistics and education done more to communicate with mainstream americans that the whole thing is a lot of nonsense ? michael newman dept . of educational theory & practice the ohio state university mnewman @ magnus . acs . ohio-state . edu
",0
1583,"Subject: english only
 
 i found the remarks of johanna rubba in a recent issue ( 6 . 967 ) to be very worthwhile and to the point . i would like to add a couple of points . in the vast majority of immigrants to the united states , the typical pattern of language acquisition is : the first generation may or may not learn english ; the second generation learns english natively and the parents ' language to varying degrees of proficiency ; the third generation learns only english - - and this is without any legislative intervention . there are strong pedagogical and psycholinguistic reasons for bilingual education programs for school-age immigrants and unassimilated children of immigrants . it is far easier to ` ` learn to read ' ' ( in the general sense , not in the sense of learning to read a particular language ) in one 's native language , and then learn to read the second language , than it is to learn to read ( in the second language ) and to learn the second language at the same time . - stuart luppescu | university of chicago | a foreign language is ` ` a weapon in sl70 @ cicero . spc . uchicago . edu | in the struggle for life . ' ' : mj8 $ hcrf ` h ~ $ nic | - - karl marx
",0
1584,"Subject: discussion : english only
 
 one point that jack aubert made in his recent posting is dead on : quite apart from any putative intention on the part of policy makers , in the u . s . today "" bilingualism "" rarely means the ability to speak two languages fluently . i ' m thinking particularly about so - - called bilingual classes in our public schools , where many people get their first notion of what this word refers to . i have enrolled my children in these classes whenever possible , but with this decision comes the responsibility to attempt to convince administrators that native speakers of english must be required to learn some spanish in these classes . ( the bilingual classes at my children 's schools are always spanish - - english . ) it has never been expected in any of the bilingual classes my kids have been in that they should be studying two languages too ! these classes are run as a one-way street - - - and everyone knows it . as one little girl ( required to enroll ) in my daughter 's class told me , "" bilingual means you ' re dumb . "" hmmmmmmmmmm what people say the word ` bilingual ' means in your standard want ad is probably too hot an issue to handle . ( is this a new ` ` urban myth ' ' that such ads are actually seeking people of certain ethnicity ? ) i suspect that the term is coming to mean something quite different than its traditional denotation , and sometime soon we ' ll find that the word ` ` bilingual ' ' activates a number of presuppositions about both mastery of english and ethnic identity , not unlike what happened to the term ` ` illegal immigrant ' ' , as was demonstrated in various reports which were released at the time of the debate on prop 187 . this sort of change in the use of the word ` bilingual ' will not help anyone whose goal is to encourage the study and use of more than one language in the u . s . because non - - experts , if they do not control language policy , are certainly involved in that policy making . i suggest that the way to combat it is very local action : take the time to talk to the principal ( s ) of your local public elementary school ( s ) . robin schafer rschafer @ ucsd . edu
",0
1585,"Subject: english only
 
 in a recent posting , sxren harder ( sharder @ ling . hum . aau . dk ) brings up an interesting point ( quoting from steinberg ( 1993 ) "" an introduction to psycholinguistics "" ) : > the law reflected the widespread belief that the german language was the > embodiment of all that was evil in german culture and that to teach such > a language to young americans would be immoral and corrupting . > . . . lawyers for the state of nebraska took essentially the position > . . . [ that ] a language by its very nature represents the spirit and > national character of a people . if this were true , then by teaching them > the grammar , structure and vocabulary of the german language , meyer could > indeed have been harming american children by making them into german > militarists right there on the plains of nebraska . - interesting , because in several recent postings against the english - only movement , an argument was given that teaching foreign _ languages _ was good because it exposed students to other _ cultures _ . that is precisely the reason the teaching of the german language was banned , according to the above quote . i think most of us would agree that the state of nebraska was wrong ; teaching another language does not serve to any great extent to pass on the culture . but if you believe that , are n't you being hypocritical to believe that teaching foreign languages is good because it exposes students to other cultures ? fwiw , i have a personal opinion : if you want to expose students to other cultures , it would be much better to teach ethnography than language . ( better yet , send the students to non-tourist areas of other countries . but i doubt whether the us educational system is prepared for that ! )
",0
1586,"Subject: "" english plus "" resolution in congress
 
 the "" english - plus "" resolution below was introduced into the house of representative on july 13 by rep . jose serrano ( d - n . y . ) , along with 31 other democratic cosponsors and one republican , ileana ros - lehtinen ( fla . ) . it is a nonbinding statement of policy intended as counter to six english - only bills now pending in congress . ( these measures include the king bill , h . r . 1005 , which would declare english the official language , end bilingual education and bilingual ballots , and require all government business to be transacted in english ; and the only slightly less restrictive emerson bill , h . r . 123 , which likewise declares english the official language and ends all federal funding for bilingual education . the emerson bill has more than 120 sponsors and is held to be likely to pass this year ; hearings will probably be scheduled once the present conflicts over the budget are resolved . ) some opponents of english - only measures have felt that the wording of this resolution is not as strong as they would like , particularly as it makes only indirect reference to bilingual education programs . still , its passage would have an important symbolic effect , and even if it should be defeated in committee , it will at least help to draw the battle lines over this issue . the lsa executive committee voted at its meeting this may to give its support to this resolution ; and in a mail ballot a few years ago the membership of the society declared its opposition to english - only measures by a margin of 94 to 6 percent . individual linguists may want to make their views on the english - plus resolution known to members of the house committee on economic and educational opportunities , whose names follow the text of the resolution below . committee members can be reached at : the honorable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ u . s . house of representatives washington , dc 20515 geoff nunberg concurrent resolution entitled , the ` ` english plus resolution ' ' . whereas english is the primary language of the united states , and all members of the society recognize the importance of english to national life and individual accomplishment ; whereas many residents of the united states speak native languages other than english , including many languages indigenous to this country , and these linguistic resources should be conserved and developed ; whereas this nation was founded on a commitment to democratic principles , and not on racial , ethnic , or religious homogeneity , and has drawn strength from a diversity of languages and cultures and from a respect for individual liberties ; whereas multilingualism , or the ability to speak languages in addition to english , is a tremendous resource to the united states because such ability enhances american competitiveness in global markets by permitting improved communication and cross-cultural understanding between producers and suppliers , vendors and clients , retailers and consumers ; whereas multilingualism improves united states diplomatic efforts by fostering enhanced communication and greater understanding between nations ; whereas multilingualism has historically been an essential element of national security , including the use of native american languages in the development of coded communications during world war ii , the korean war , and the vietnam war ; whereas multilingualism promotes greater cross-cultural understanding between different racial and ethnic groups in the united states ; whereas there is no threat to the status of english in the united states , a language that is spoken by 94 percent of united states residents , according to the 1990 united states census , and there is no need to designate any official united states language or to adopt similar restrictionist legislation ; whereas ` ` english - only ' ' measures , or proposals to designate english as the sole official language of the united states , would violate traditions of cultural pluralism , divide communities along ethnic lines , jeopardize the provision of law enforcement , public health , education , and other vital services to those whose english is limited , impair government efficiency , and undercut the national interest by hindering language skills needed to enhance international competitiveness and conduct diplomacy ; and whereas such ` ` english - only ' ' measures would represent an unwarranted federal regulation of self-expression , abrogate constitutional rights to freedom of expression and equal protection of the laws , violate international human rights treaties to which the united states is a signatory , and contradict the spirit of the 1923 supreme court case meyer v . nebraska , wherein the court declared that ` ` the protection of the constitution extends to all ; to those who speak other languages as well as to those born with english on the tongue ' ' ; now , therefore , be it resolved by the house of representatives ( the senate concurring ) , that the united states government should pursue policies that - - ( 1 ) encourage all residents of this country to become fully proficient in english by expanding educational opportunities ; ( 2 ) conserve and develop the nation 's linguistic resources by encouraging all residents of this country to learn or maintain skills in a language other than english ; ( 3 ) assist native americans , native alaskans , native hawaiians , and other peoples indigenous to the united states , in their efforts to prevent the extinction of their languages and cultures ; ( 4 ) continue to provide services in languages other than english as needed to facilitate access to essential functions of government , promote public health and safety , ensure due process , promote equal educational opportunity , and protect fundamental rights ; and ( 5 ) recognize the importance of multilingualism to vital american interests and individual rights , and oppose ` ` english - only ' ' measures and similar language restrictionist measures . house committee on economic and educational opportunities republicans democrats william f . goodling ( pa ) , chmn . william "" bill "" clay ( mo ) thomas e . petri ( wi ) george e . miller ( ca ) marge s . roukema ( nj ) dale e . kildee ( mi ) steven gunderson ( wi ) pat williams ( mt ) harris w . fawell ( il ) matthew g . martinez ( ca ) cass ballenger ( nc ) major r . owens ( ny ) bill barrett ( ne ) thomas g . sawyer ( oh ) randy cunningham ( ca ) donald m . payne ( nj ) peter hoekstra ( mi ) patsy t . mink ( hi ) howard mckeon ( ca ) robert e . andrews ( nj ) michael castle ( de ) john f . "" jack "" reed ( ri ) jan meyers ( ks ) timothy j . roemer ( in ) sam johnson ( tx ) eliot l . engel ( ny ) james talent ( mo ) xavier becerra ( ca ) james greenwood ( pa ) robert c . "" bobby "" scott ( va ) tim hutchinson ( ar ) gene green ( tx ) joe knollenberg ( mi ) lynn woolsey ( ca ) frank riggs ( ca ) carlos a . romero - barcelo ( pr ) lindsey graham ( sc ) mel reynolds ( il ) dave weldon ( fl ) david funderburk ( nc ) mark souder ( in ) david mcintosh ( in ) charles norwood ( ga )
",0
1587,"Subject: linguist list corrections
 
 full - time associate or full professorships from april 1996 english language program french language program german language program nagoya university of commerce and business administration invites applications from associate or full professors with relevant academic and teaching experience . a doctorate degree in linguistics , education or relevant regional studies field and teaching experience is a must . applicants must be well-published ( at least 20 works ) academics of high professional standing . the faculty member will be expected to give language classes and lecture on the cultural and social background of the region . the initial contract of employment is generally for a minimum period of two years . thereafter , pending the mutual agreement of employer and employee , the contract is renewable annually . starting salary is established according to qualifications and experience - the present salary range is from 9 - 11 million yen per annum . faculty normally teach eight 90 minute periods per week - monday to friday . the school year is organised into two 15 week semesters : 1st april - end july september - mid february the summer break is approximately 6 weeks long . the winter break is approximately 3 weeks long . there is also a 6 week spring ' break ' - because of official commitments travel outside japan during this period is subject to approval . accommodation is not provided for faculty , however every assistance is given in finding a suitable location and drawing up contracts . financial assistance is offered in the form of an interest-free advance for arrival expenses . a low-interest car loan is available . return air-fare is provided . the campus is situated on the outskirts of nagoya ( 3rd largest city in japan ) . nagoya is at the heart of the industrial zone of japan and is a coastal city within easy reach of tokyo ( 2 hours ) , osaka ( 1 . 5 hours ) and many other areas of historical and cultural interest . the language center is superbly appointed with advanced computer facilities and modern amenities . every student has a macintosh computer ( powerbook 520 ) . at present our language faculty consists of about twenty-five members who teach english , chinese , french , german , korean and thai . please send ( or fax if possible ) applications to : melanie bowyer executive assistant to the president nagoya university of commerce and business administration 4 - 4 sagamine komenoki - cho nisshin - city aichi 470-01 japan telephone : 81 ( 05617 ) 3-2111 fax : 81 ( 05617 ) 3-1202 e-mail : mbowyer @ nucba . ac . jp
",0
1588,"Subject: finding email addresses : advice
 
 there seem to be pretty frequent requests for email addresses on the linguist list . people with unix accounts can use the "" finger "" command to look up addresses - - if they know the name and affiliation of the person they ' re looking for ( others may have access to some sort of finger utility ) . for example , there was a recent request for the internet address of someone whose bitnet address is escatton @ albnyvms here 's how i used finger to find his internet address : finger escatton @ albnyvms finger : albnyvms : unknown host finger escatton @ albnyvms . edu finger : albnyvms . edu : unknown host well , albnyvms does n't sound very internet-like , so let 's start guessing : finger scatton @ albany . edu [ albany . edu ] ( there is no account scatton on this node . ) name : ernest scatton title : professor , german and slavic languages + literat address : humanities 246 university at albany 1400 washington av albany ny 12222-0001 phone : + 1 518-442 - 4224 bitnet : escatton @ albnyvms internet : escatton @ cnsvax . albany . edu there it is . if you have less information - - for example , you know the person is somewhere in new york state , but not where exactly - - you can use one of the "" white pages "" services available . a good starting point is : http : / / home . netscape . com / commun / internet _ white _ pages . html happy hunting !
",0
1589,"Subject: conference announcement
 
 the research institute for language and speech organizes a workshop on optionality the workshop will be held in utrecht on spetember 1 - 2 , 1995 . keynote speakers will be jane grimshaw ( rutgers ) , tony kroch ( upenn ) , tanya reinhart ( tel aviv / utrecht ) and edwin williams ( princeton ) . selected papers will be presented by ken wexler ( mit ) , david adger ( york ) , martina wiltschko ( vienna ) , gereon mueller ( tuebingen ) , peter svenonius ( tromso ) , joel hoffman ( maryland ) , tor afarli ( trondheim ) , ralf vogel & markus steinbach ( mpi berlin ) , joao costa ( leiden ) , hiroyuki ura ( mit ) , norvin richards ( mit ) and sergio menuzzi ( leiden ) . since the number of workshop attenders will be limited , we ask those interested in attending to preregister by sending an e-mail message to neeleman @ let . ruu . nl . the workshop fee will be 50 dutch guilders , to be paid during the in-site registration . further information will be sent out after preregistration . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ad neeleman * * ots - trans 10 - 3512 jk utrecht - the netherlands * * + 31 30 538313 ( office ) + 31 30 949241 ( home ) * * ad . neeleman @ let . ruu . nl * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
1590,"Subject: conf : alt inaugural meeting / k . mitxelena i . ihardunaldiak
 
 inaugural meeting of the association for linguistic typology ( alt ) k . mitxelena i . ihardunaldiak september 7-10 ( thursday through sunday ) , l995 vitoria - gasteiz , spain venue : the university institute where the meeting will take place ( filologia eta geografi - historia fakultatea ) is right behind the railway station . we will send a map upon registration , but , in any case , it is easy to find ( ask about dato street / calle dato , pedestrian street leading to the railway station ; once there , cross the station , you will then see two red brick buildings facing you : walk to the one on the left ) . further information & registration : alt antolamendu taldea ( organizing committee ) filologia eta geografi - historia fakultatea euskal filologia saila upv / ehu marques de urquijo , s / n e-01006 vitoria - gasteiz ( spain ) e-mail : fvalt @ vh . ehu . es fax : + 34 45 144290 tel . : + 34 45 139811 program wednesday september 6 ( filologia eta geografi - historia fakultatea ) 18 : 00-21 : 00 registration ( university hall : facultad de filologia y geografia e historia / filologia eta geografi - historia fakultatea ) september 7 ( filologia eta geografi - historia fakultatea ) basque workshop thursday morning chair : endrike knoerr ( u . of the basque country / r . academy of the basque language ) 9 : 00-10 : 00 benat oyharcabal on basque syntax ( c . n . r . s . paris ) 10 : 00-11 : 00 miren azkarate on basque morphology ( u . of the basque country ) coffee break ( 11 : 00-11 : 30 ) 11 : 30-12 : 30 miren lourdes onederra on basque phonology ( u . of the basque country ) 12 : 30-13 : 00 agurtzane elordui language decay and ( u . of the basque country ) typological change in a biscayan dialect lunch break ( 13 : 00-15 : 00 ) * * * thursday afternoon chair : inaki camino ( u . of the basque country ) 15 : 00-15 : 30 karmele rotaetxe scission de l ' ergativite en basque ? ( u . of the basque country ) 15 : 30-16 : 00 juan carlos moreno lexicotelic and syntactotelic ( autonomous u . of madrid ) grammaticalization in basque 16 : 00-16 : 30 andolin eguzkitza indirect questions and other ( u . of the basque country ) adnominals in the grammar of basque coffee break ( 16 : 30-17 : 00 ) 17 : 00-17 : 30 frans plank abbe darrigol 's basque grammar ( u . of konstanz ) 17 : 30-18 : 00 manfred ringmacher the new edition of humboldt 's ( freie u . berlin ) linguistic writings 18 : 00-18 : 30 bernhard hurch "" abteilung ii : baskisch und ( graz u . ) and romanisch "" a sketch of m . jose kerejeta humboldt 's writings on basque ( u . of the basque country ) * * * 18 : 30-21 : 00 registration ( hall of the institute : facultad de filologia y geografia e historia / filogia eta geografi - historia fakultatea ) friday september 8 ( filologia eta geografi - historia fakultatea ) morning chair : miren azkarate ( u . of the basque country / r . academy of the basque language ) welcome ! ( by alt officers ) ( 8 : 45 - 9 : 00 ) session on reference , number , and distributives ( 9 : 00-10 : 30 ) 9 : 00-10 : 00 greville corbett distributives and number in the world 's ( u . of surrey ) and languages marianne mithun u . of california , santa barbara ) 10 : 00-10 : 30 referring phrases from a typological jan rijkhoff perspective ( u . of konstanz ) coffee break ( 10 : 30-11 : 00 ) session on grammatical relations ( 11 : 00-13 : 00 ) chair : benat oyharcabal ( c . n . r . s . / r . academy of the basque language ) 11 : 00-12 : 00 aleksandr e . kibrik toward a holistic typology of languages ( moscow state u . ) 12 : 00-12 : 30 wolfram schaffar grammaticalization of functional ( u . of tuebingen ) properties into subject positions 12 : 30-13 : 00 elke nowak on subordination and coordination ( u . of stuttgart ) welcome ! ( by local organizers ) 13 : 00-13 : 15 lunch break ( 13 : 15-15 : 00 ) * * * friday afternoon chair : pello salaburu ( u . of the basque country / r . academy of the basque language ) symposium on incorporation ( 15 : 00-17 : 00 ) 15 : 00-15 : 30 farrell ackerman systemic patterns in a hierarchical and lexicon : preverbs and incorporation phil lesourd ( u . of california , san diego ) 15 : 30-16 : 00 adele goldberg persian complex predicates ( u . of california , san diego ) 16 : 00-16 : 30 maria polinsky noun incorporation and the reference ( u . of southern to incorporated nominals california ) 16 : 30-17 : 00 andrew spencer on syntactic accounts of noun ( u . of essex ) incorporation coffee break ( 17 : 00-17 : 30 ) business meeting ( 17 : 30-19 : 30 ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * saturday september 9 ( palacio de villa suso ) morning chair : xabier artiagoitia ( u . of the basque country ) session on global issues ( 8 : 30-11 : 00 ) 8 : 30 - 9 : 00 sebastian shaumyan linguistic typology and applicative ( yale u . ) universal grammar 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 rajendra singh towards a word-based approach to ( u . of montreal ) morphological typology 9 : 30-10 : 00 gertraud fenk-oczlon self - organization and natural typology and august fenk ( u . of klagenfurt ) 10 : 00-10 : 30 simon kirby competing motivations and the in - ( u . of edinburgh ) visible hand : a computational model of the emergence of hierarchies 10 : 30-11 : 00 frans plank a catalogue of allegations concerning ( u . of konstanz ) the co-variation of sound and of meaningful form coffee break ( 11 : 00-11 : 30 ) session on word order ( 11 : 30-13 : 30 ) chair : karmele rotaetxe ( u . of the basque country ) 11 : 30-12 : 00 alain peyraube on word order in archaic chinese ( center for linguistic research on oriental asia , paris ) 12 : 00-12 : 30 nicholas ostler some apparent cases of wh-fronting in ( linguacubun ltd . , sov languages : form , function , and history london ) 12 : 30-13 : 00 dik bakker flexibility and consistency in word ( u . of amsterdam ) order patterns in the languages of europe 13 : 00-13 : 30 anna siewierska on word order flexibility , case , ( u . of lancaster ) and agreement marking lunch break ( 13 : 30-15 : 00 ) * * * saturday afternoon session on word classes ( 15 : 00-17 : 30 ) chair : ines pagola ( u . of the basque country ) 15 : 00-15 : 45 dietmar zaefferer a typology of proposition coding ( university of muenchen ) 15 : 45-16 : 30 juergen broschart why tongan does it differently : ( u . of koeln ) categorial distinctions in a language without nouns and verbs 16 : 30-17 : 00 walter bisang areal typology and grammaticaliza - ( u . of mainz ) tion : processes of grammaticaliza - tion based on nouns and verbs in east and south east asian languages 17 : 00-17 : 30 lilly l . chen a typological study of the copula verb ( rice university ) system in the chinese languages coffee break ( 17 : 30-18 : 00 ) session on case and space ( 18 : 00-20 : 15 ) chair : jose luis alvarez enparantza ( u . of the basque country ) 18 : 00-18 : 45 maria koptjevskaja - partitives and pseudo-partitives in tamm ( u . of stockholm ) the european languages : typology and grammaticalization . 18 : 45-19 : 30 thomas stolz toward a typology of with-relations : ( u . of bochum ) comitatives , instrumentals , and privatives in the languages of the world . 19 : 30-20 : 15 christel stolz towards a typology of spatial frames ( max planck institute , of reference : comparing frames of nijmegen ) reference in different spatial subdomains song recital ( 20 : 15-21 : 15 ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * sunday september 10 morning chair : javier ormazabal ( u . of the basque country ) session on multiple functions ( 8 : 30-11 : 00 ) 8 : 30 - 9 : 00 zygmunt frajzyngier grammaticalization of a multifunctional ( u . of colorado ) dependent clause : a cross-categorial approach 9 : 00-10 : 00 nick evans insubordination and its uses ( u . of melbourne ) 10 : 00-11 : 00 david gil patterns of polyfunctionality in noun - phrase constructions coffee break ( 11 : 00-11 : 30 ) session on mood , modality , and negation ( 11 : 30-13 : 00 ) chair : andolin eguzkitza ( u . of the basque country ) 11 : 30-12 : 15 ferdinand de haan the interaction of modality and negation ( u . of groningen ) 12 : 15-13 : 00 kees hengeveld mood and modality ( u . of amsterdam ) lunch break ( 13 : 00-15 : 00 ) * * * session on verbs and verb satellites ( 15 : 00-18 : 00 ) chair : igone zabala ( u . of the basque country ) 15 : 00-15 : 30 johan van der auwera phasal adverbials and standard average ( u . of antwerpen ) european 15 : 30-16 : 15 leon stassen the typology of predicative possession ( catholic u . of nijmegen ) 16 : 15-16 : 45 kathryn howard and the "" perf "" grammaticization pathway in benjamin wang chinese and thai ( u . of california , los angeles ) 16 : 45-17 : 15 kylie hsu , motoko a cross-linguistic analysis of ezaki , amy meepoe , and imperfectivity in natural spoken discourse david olsher ( u . of california , los angeles ) 17 : 15-18 : 00 vladimir nedjalkov correlation between semantic and ( institute of linguistic formal oppositions in verbal research , st . petersburg ) derivation
",0
1591,"Subject: digital / analog tape recorders
 
 arienne dwyer cites a comment of rober englebretson that is pessimistic about the advantages of dat compared with cassette tapes regarding digitization : > i do n't know that dat would be any less time-consuming . unless you > have a soundcard which supports direct digital input ( in which case > there will probably be issues with sampling rate ) , most people find > they end up connecting the line out from their dat into the line in on > the computer - - essentially re-digitizing the analog signal from the > dat line-out . there is a simple ( and not particularly expensive ) alternative to either of these rigmaroles , which we employ in my lab . we have a dat drive on our local network for data storage ( backups etc . ) , but it can also be used to read dat audio tapes , allowing dat digital audio to be transferred to the computer without going via an intermediate analogue stage . - john coleman director , oxford university phonetics laboratory 41 wellington square , oxford ox1 2jf , uk home page : http : / / www . phon . ox . ac . uk /
",0
1592,"Subject: comparatives
 
 summary : intensification of the comparative i had in may on the list ( 8 . 758 ) a query on the intensification of comparative forms in different languages . here comes the summary related to the query ( i am sorry about the slight delay ! ) . as i noted earlier , my better linguistic competence limits to germanic languages plus finnish where in all the comparative ( of adjective , adverb , quantitative pronoun ) is typically intensified with an adverb denoting some form of totality : 1 . a . the train went faster . b . the train went ever faster . ( also : all the faster ) 2 . a . der zug fuhr schneller . b . der zug fuhr immer schneller . 3 . a . ta ' get gick fortare . b . ta ' get gick allt fortare . 4 . a . juna meni lujempaa . b . juna meni yha "" lujempaa . ( also : aina lujempaa ) the intensifiers , e . g . ever in english , are in all these cases some kind of universal quantifiers , the content being approximately ' always ' or ' all the way ' ( see e . g . vendler ) . since the pattern shows some regularity , i was curious to gather information about functionally corresponding expressions in other languages . indeed , i did receive some further parallel examples , and moreover , there was some discussion about the appropriateness of the english example i had in the query ( 1b above ) . many thanks to the people who responded : ewb2 @ cornell . edu ( e . wayles browne ) larry horn < lhorn @ yalevm . ycc . yale . edu > ton van der wouden < vdwouden @ let . rug . nl > allan wechsler < awechsle @ bbn . com > knud lambrecht < lambrec @ uts . cc . utexas . edu > adiego lajara < adiego @ lingua . fil . ub . es > asya pereltsvaig < asya @ mail . netvision . net . il > "" j . l . sancho , instituto de lexicografia "" < sancho @ crea . rae . es > waruno mahdi < mahdi @ fhi-berlin . mpg . de > bark @ compunet . net ( gerald a . barker md ) philip grew < pgrew @ compuserve . com > as always , my wordings were a bit too implicit in the beginning . there are , of course , several ways of intensifying ( or modifying ) the comparative . a very normal form would be intensification of the degree , e . g . 5 . he is much faster than the rest of the guys . two individuals possessing a quality may also be compared with each other and one of the qaulities intensified in relation to the other : 6 . jack is fast but bob is even faster . perhaps it was my swedish perspective that led to the too general and implicit use of the label ' comparative intensifier ' . it seems , namely , that swedish has in allt ( see 3 above ) an adverb that may be used as an intensifier only with the comparative ( other adverbs may also be used but this is a kind of a prototype , as one can understand on the basis of wessen 's grammar , for instance ) , whereas the general intensifier mycket ( ' much ' , ' very ' ) may be used both with the positive and the comparative ( type 5 then ) . the distribution is not perhaps as strict in all languages and with all expressions . as regards , for example , finnish yha "" , it may be used in other contexts too , but it seems that it has a more specialized ( grammaticized ? ) intensifying function when modifying a comparative , e . g . 7 . a . jaana on yha "" kaunis . time adv . ' jane is still beautiful ' b . jaanasta tulee yha "" kauniimpi . intensifer ' jane becomes ever more beautiful ' but this shows only that intensifiers that merely relate to the comparative do have a temporal implication . as a consequence , it seems that the comparative expresses a dynamic quality ( or degree ) that is opposed to the more stable positions of the positive and the superlative degrees ; the comparative represents a step in one direction but not to a definite point on a scale . the temporal intensifiers of the comparative focus on this implication of dynamism which , in turn , is often associated with successive development , change or process ( cf . the dynamism of verbs ) . moreover , the succession is signalled to be constant and ever-present - - and here we find the motivation of the universal quantifiers ( literally ever ) typically used with the comprative . we might want to look at some examples provided by the respondents ( the names of which are given in appropriate language sections below ) : * * * * * - - dutch : 8 . a . de trein ging sneller b . de trein ging alsmaar sneller c . de trein ging steeds sneller * steeds * and * alsmaar * ( also written as * almaar * ) are universal temporal quantifiers ( over a restricted domain - * altijd * is more unrestrictive ) . ton van der wouden - - - spanish : 9 . el tren iba cada vez ma 's ra ' pido "" cada vez "" , lit . "" each time "" catalan : 10 . el tren anava cada vegada / cada cop me 's ra ` pid "" cada vegada , cada cop "" , lit . "" each time "" nb : a ' , e ' etc . : vowels with acute accent ; a ` , o ` = vowels with grave accent . ignasi - xavier adiego - - - - italian : 11 . il treno andava sempre piu veloce . what i suspect will interest you here is that 's tandard ' italian ( like most other romance dialects , as i assume you will be told by readers expert in those ) uses the word that translates "" always "" ( sempre ) as the comparative intensifier you asked about . philip grew - - - russian : 12 . poezd exal bystree . train went faster [ more felicitous if the individual compared to is explicit as in 13 . ] 13 . poezd exal bystree chem mashina train went faster than car 14 . poezd exal vse bystree . train went all faster ' the train went ever faster ' asya pereltsvaig - - - croatian : 15 . a . vlak je is "" ao brz "" e . train aux went faster - adverb b . vlak je is "" ao sve brz "" e ( i brz "" e ) . serbian : 16 . a . voz je is "" ao brz "" e . b . voz je is "" ao sve brz "" e ( i brz "" e ) . s "" , z "" = letters with hac "" ek on top . sve ' all ' neuter singular nom . / acc . wayles browne - - - in indonesian , the situation is a bit different , compare : 17 . a . kere ' taapi berjalan lebih cepat train | go - stat | mod | fast "" the train goes / went faster "" ( i . e . it went faster than the car , horse , other train ) b . kere ' taapi berjalan makin cepat train | go - stat | mod | fast "" the train goes / went ever faster "" ( i . e . it went constantly faster than it itself did in the preceding moment ( s ) ) where : e ' is &eacute ; ( pronounced like french &egrave ; , ipa epsilon ; ) e is pronounced like french e , ipa @ [ upside-down "" e "" ] ) c is pronounced like english ch , italian ci stat = stative ( expresses verbal "" action "" as state of being ) mod = modifier goes / went - there is no category of tense in indonesian , and time of "" action "" is expressed circumstantially , by adverbs , circumstantial phrases , etc . , also of course by context etc . so , in indonesian we do not intesify the comparative degree of comparison , but have a distinct accelerative "" degree of comparison "" . the complete paradigm is : comparative : _ lebih cepat _ "" faster "" accelerative : _ makin cepat _ "" ever faster "" intensive : _ sangat cepat _ "" very fast "" superlative : _ paling cepat _ "" ( the ) fastest "" excessive : _ terlalu cepat _ "" too fast "" insufficient : _ kurang cepat _ "" not fast enough "" negative : _ tidak cepat _ "" not fast "" strictly speaking , of course , this should probably not be seen as the set of forms of degrees of comparison , but a set of adjectival modifiers in combination with an adjective . waruno mahdi * * * * the above cases confirm the pattern that comparative forms tend to be intensified with a universal quatifier if its dynamic implications are to be amplified . the term ' accelerative ' in context of indonesian is illustrative - - although not totally accurate : it is also the only adjectival modification category that is associated with the comparative in the translation ( apart from comparative ' proper ' ) . one could think that the discussed expressions represent a "" special case "" of comparison , since there is not usually any explicit reference point in the expressions of the ' ever faster ' type ( i . e . a than - complement ) . that is why browne terms the use "" free comparative "" . on the other hand , there is nothing unusual in the use of this comparative ; it seems to be an application of the temporal comparative as in , for instance : 18 . jack has become faster than before . koenig suggests instead the term "" cumulative comparative "" , since the development is related to the temporal and the reference is often clearly enough understood in the context ( the term could be better for the indonesian ' accelerative ' too ) : 19 . jack has become ever faster . could in principle be a thinkable notional parallel to 18 ( cf . also 17b above ) . now , 19 ( and 1b for that matter ) may be a bit odd for english speakers , having seen the reactions on ever in my original query . ever is as an intensifier considered to be "" stilted , literary , old-fashioned , high-style "" , regarded as inference from german immer , or by americans labeled as "" british "" . instead , most speakers prefer a semantically corresponding expression consisting of conjoined syntactic reduplication : 20 . jack has become / becomes faster and faster . dictionaries and grammars of english also note this construction with the comparative ( zandvoort gives it even a name , "" comparative of gradation "" ) , so the expressive pattern can be regarded as quite established in english . it is not unique , though . most european languages allow the pattern comp + and + comp at least in informal register , and , i may reveal it now , these kinds of expressions are the object of study in my research on syntactic reduplication in swedish . the principally interesting thing is that languages seem to have different preferences as regards different intensifying patterns . english is perhaps most liberal in rather freely allowing conjoined repetition of type 20 , whereas koenig points out that german prefers expressions with an intensifier ( immer ) . the data i have surveyed seem to suggest that swedish is somewhere in between these two . the pattern comp + and + comp is theoretically interesting in that it expresses the same content as ever by iconicity . repetition stands for iteration and continuity ( ever , allt , sempre , yha "" , cada vez ) , coordination enhances the meaning , since it implies with repetition non-simultaneity and asymmetry . even more intriguing is that some linguists ( e . g . koenig , lang ) draw a parallel between coordination and universal quantification . so we have a full circle here . as a final remark , i would like to remind that structures of the kind x + and + x are not limited to the comparative . it is quite usual to hear the use of this pattern with , for instance , verbs in colloquial speech : 21 . jack ran and ran . however , the use has not for some reason become as widely established with verbs . perhaps there is a larger resource of aspectual verbal and adverbial modifiers for verbs than the comparative , and , thus , less need for the somehow ' naive ' iterative pattern . the last assesment does not come out of the blue , but it is traditionally stated that different uses of repetitions are typical of , not only the language of poetry , but also among women and children or in texts designed for children , such as fairy tales ( note : this is merely a quote - - i would not put it in this way ! ) . what does this amount to ? reasonably , repetition is favored in discourse types where ( inter - ) personal involvement has an important role . further comments on the topic are , of course , welcome . the above summary is written in a relative haste , so i apologize for any shortcomings or misunderstandings ! the end of this message contains a list of works referred to . thank you for your interest and have a nice summer ! ( which has been real warm and sunny up here . . . ) jan k . lindstrom scandinavian languages and literature university of helsinki finland references : browne , wayles . 1964 . on adjectival comparisons and reduplication in english . unpublished manuscript . koenig , ekkehard . 1971 . kumulative komparative . in : beitraege zur generativen grammatik . schriften zur linguistik 3 . pp . 100-111 . lang , ewald . 1984 . the semantics of coordination . john benjamins , amsterdam . vendler , zeno . 1967 . each and every and all . in : linguistics in philosophy . cornell university press , ithaca , london . wessen , elias . 1970 . vaart svenska spraak . almqvist & wiksell , stockholm . zandvoort , r . w . 1975 ( 1962 ) . a handbook of english grammar . 7th ed . longman , london .
",0
1593,"Subject: program - phonology and morphology conference , marburg
 
 phonology and morphology of the germanic languages marburg , philipps - universitaet , august 27 to 29 1997 conference program please note : times are approximate at this moment ! wednesday , august 27 , prosodic phonology 14 . 00 paul kiparsky stanford , usa prosodic divergence of early germanic 15 . 00 patrik bye troms , norway grammar constrains diachrony ! split prominence and accent shift in central scandinavian 16 . 30 tomas riad stockholm , sweden towards a scandinavian accent typology 17 . 30 birgit alber marburg , germany interaction between morphology and stress assignment in optimality theory thursday , august 28 , from phonology to morphology 9 . 00 janet grijzenhout duesseldorf , germany the role of coronal underspecification in german and dutch phonology and morphology 10 . 00 kristjin rnason reykjavek , iceland shortness in icelandic 11 . 30 albert ortmann duesseldorf , germany consonant epenthesis : phonological and morphological restrictions 12 . 30 richard wiese / chris golston marburg , germany / fresno , usa the structure of the root in german : a corpus-based and optimality-theoretic study 14 . 30 jaap van marle amsterdam , netherlands the questionable status of root suffixes 15 . 30 carsten steins duesseldorf , germany against arbitrary features in inflection : the case of the old english declension 17 . 00 gereon mueller tuebingen , germany phonological constraints on binomial formation in german 18 . 00 susanne wurmbrand boston , usa minimal and maximal heads . particles in particular friday , august 29 , prosodic morphology 9 . 00 martin neef koeln , germany the organization of german nominal inflection 10 . 00 jan kooij / harry van der hulst leiden , netherlands prosodic choices and the dutch nominal plural 11 . 30 curt rice minnesota , usa / troms , norway prosodic output constraints on gender assignment : the problem of dual gender in norwegian 14 . 00 ingo plag marburg , germany morphological haplology in a constraint-based morpho-phonology 15 . 00 geert booij amsterdam , netherlands prosodic output conditions versus prosodic input conditions in germanic morphology for more information , look at http : / / staff-www . uni-marburg . de / ~ wiese / phon-morph . html or write to the organizers : kehrein @ mailer . uni-marburg . de wiese @ mailer . uni-marburg . de there is no conference fee . everybody is welcome , but we would like to know about it if you intend to participate !
",0
1594,"Subject: la thematisation dans les langues
 
 colloque international la thematisation dans les langues organise par le laboratoire elsap ( universite de caen ) et l ' equipe eli ( fontenay - st cloud ) l ' universite de caen ( amphi d5 ) les 9 , 10 et 11 octobre 1997 programme jeudi 9 octobre a partir de 09 . 00 : accueil des participants 09 . 45 : ouverture du colloque 10 . 00 : christine bonnot ( inalco ) : pour une definition formelle et fonctionnelle de la notion de theme ( sur l ' exemple du russe moderne ) 10 . 40 : jean peeters ( universite de bretagne sud ) : thematisation et focalisation : deux principes distincts et complementaires deconstruction du sens 11 . 20 : anne - claude berthoud ( universite de lausanne ) : de la thematisation des objets de discours la thematisation des actes de discours 12 . 00 : nicole le querler ( elsap - universite de caen ) : dislocation et thematisation en francais 12 . 45 : dejeuner 14 . 15 : paul laurendeau ( universite york , toronto ) : thematisation et stabilisation notionnelle en co-enonciation parlee 14 . 55 : marie - claude paris ( universite de paris vii ) : ordre des mots , topique et focus en chinois contemporain 15 . 35 : bernard combettes ( universite de nancy ii ) : thematisation et topicalisation : leur rle respectif dans l ' evolution du francais 16 . 10 : pause 16 . 30 : jacques franckel ( universite de paris x ) et denis paillard ( universite de paris vii ) : considerations sur la thematisation des syntagmes prepositionnels de la forme prep y 17 . 10 : mireille brigaudiot ( iufm versailles ) : quelques remarques sur la thematisation dans le langage d ' un enfant de deux ans 18 . 30 : cocktail vendredi 10 octobre 09 . 00 : catherine fuchs ( elsap , cnrs , paris ) : encore plus belle / plus belle encore : variations sur l ' equilibre thematique de l ' enonce 09 . 40 : anna srs ( universite de paris x ) : topique , focus et ordre des mots en hongrois 10 . 15 : pause 10 . 40 : anne grobet ( universite de geneve ) : la thematisation comme phenomne d ' ancrage dans le discours dialogique 11 . 20 : fernand bentolila ( universite de paris v ) : la thematisation en berbere 12 . 00 : kjersti fldttum ( universite de bergen , norvege ) : quant : thematiseur et focaliseur 12 . 45 : dejeuner 14 . 15 : claude muller ( universite de bordeaux iii ) : la thematisation des indefinis en francais : un paradoxe apparent 14 . 55 : mary - annick morel ( universite de paris iii ) : theme , modus et paragraphe dans l ' oral spontane en francais 15 . 35 : alain delplanque ( universite de tours , cnrs-llacan ) : topicalisation , focalisation , pre-construit ( analyse contrastive dagara-francais ) 16 . 10 : pause 16 . 30 : bruno martinie ( universite de paris x ) et frederique sitri ( universite de paris iii ) : effet rubrique , effet de titre : les limites de la thematisation 17 . 10 : naoyo furukawa ( universite de tsukuba , japon ) : heureusement qu ' il est l : un cas particulier de thematisation 17 . 50 : andree borillo ( universite de toulouse le mirail ) : theme et structure thematique du discours samedi 11 octobre 09 . 00 : mirna velcic-canivez ( universite de lille iii , silex ) : thematis er l ' acte d ' enonciation 09 . 40 : claus - dieter pusch ( albert - ludwigs - universitet freiburg ) : la phrase principale affirmative en gascon - un cas de focalisation figee 10 . 15 : pause 10 . 40 : catherine taine-cheikh ( mrash lyon ) : le cas de l ' objet et le proble de l ' anaphore dans un dialecte arabem 11 . 20 : carmen sorin ( universite de paris vii ) : classes de prdicats , distribution des indefinis et la distinction thetique-categorique 12 . 00 : bernard caron & aliou mahamadou ( cnrs-llacan ) : la specification du terme topique en haoussa et en peul : vers une caracterisation contrastive de la thematisation et de la focalisation 12 . 45 : dejeuner 14 . 15 : svetlana vogeleer ( institut libre marie haps , bruxelles ) : la subordonnee temporelle postposee et la thematicite 14 . 55 : elisabeth stark ( institut fur romanische philologie , munich ) : anteposition et marquage du theme ( topic ) dans les dialogues spontaneous : paul siblot ( universite de montpellier iii ) : entre theme et predicat , les enonces monotermes renseignements , inscriptions : claude guimier laboratoire elsap , bt sciences 1er cycle universite de caen , esplanade de la paix 14032 caen cedex tel . : 02 31 56 56 27 fax : 02 31 56 54 27 e - mail : cguimier @ elsap . unicaen . fr fiche d ' inscription ( renvoyer au plus tard pour le 19 / 09 / 1997 nom : prenom : institution : adresse : tel . : fax : e - mail : les frais d ' inscription ( 300f . ) couvrent , entre autres , les repas du midi au restaurant universitaire . le repas du vendredi soir ( menu normand dans un restaurant en ville ) est en supplement ( 200f ) je prendrai les repas du midi suivants au restaurant universitaire : le 9 octobre : oui non le 10 octobre : oui non le 11 octobre : oui non je joins un cheque de 300f ( droits d ' inscription ) ou un cheque de 500f ( droits d ' inscription et repas du vendredi soir ) l ' ordre de m . l ' agent comptable de l ' universite de caen le : signature : claude guimier laboratoire elsap bat . sciences 1er cycle , 101 esplanade de la paix 14032 caen cedex tel . 0231565827 fax . 0231565427
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1595,"Subject: jobs : tesol instructor
 
 job announcement tesol ( teaching english as a second / other language ) instructor mary washington college seeks applicants for a part-time instructor to teach english linguistics in the fall 1997 semester in its tesol certificate program . the position will bring with it the possiblity of teaching more linguistics / tesol courses in the future . qualifications : ph . d . preferred in linguistics , applied linguistics , or closely related field ; experience in teaching english as a second language and / or experience with tesol education . send letter of application , curriculum vitae , a list of three references , and copies of transcripts to : tesl search box 615 mary washington college fredericksburg , va 22401-5358 deadline for receipt of materials is july 25 , 1997 by 5 p . m . postmarks will not be honored . telephone inquiries should be directed to the center for graduate and continuing education ( 540-654 - 1038 ) . mary washington college is deeply committed to affirmative action and encourages minorities and women to apply .
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1596,"Subject: a linguistics consulting assignment ( correction )
 
 telephone numbers were missing l&a is a computer consulting firm base in new york with clients in the research and development field . we currently have a linguistics opening for a contract employee for a minimum of 6 months ( with possible multiple extensions ) . the following is a description of the position . location : weschester county , new york ( 35 miles north of new york city ) duration : 6 months ( with possible multiple extensions ) . salary : open job description : we are looking for a candidate with a degree in linguistics with particular focus on phonetics and phonology . us and canadian diealectology and lexicography is a must . ability to generate pronunciations for major european languages ( french , german , spanish and italian ) of words and names . demonstrated ability to interact with researchers , academics , physicians , attorneys and other professionals on a peer basis . several years experience in speech recognition / experience in text-to - speech and natural-language processing , preferably as evidenced by academic publications . demonstrated ability to oversee and administer a project from initial planning to completion - independently ability to travel approximately 15-25 weeks per year . much preferred to have good communications skills in french ( actually canadian french is fine ) . edward pellon director of personnel services l&a tel . 914 967 9544 fax . 914 967 3620 e - mail : pellon @ ibm . net
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1597,"Subject: empathetic deixis comments
 
 on june 15 i posted a query about empathetic deixis . so far i ' ve received several suggestions and comments whose summary i 'd like to share with you and at the same time thank the people who helped . the first to write back was nik gisborne of cambridge ( nsg22 @ cus . cam . ac . uk ) who referred me to sylvia adamson 's treatment of empathetic narrative where she treats subjectivity as a species of deixis ( susan wright and dieter stein , eds . _ subjectivity and subjectivisation _ cambridge university press , 1995 . dan loehr of georgetown university ( loehrd @ gsun . acc . georgetown . edu ) referred me to buehler 's _ theory of language _ ( sprachtheorie ) , 1934 translated by d . goodwin , john benjamin , 1990 ; fillmore , c . _ santa cruz lectures on deixis , indiana university lingusitics club , 1975 ; lyons , john , _ deixis as the source of reference _ , laut , trier , 1973 ; both lyons ' books intro to theoretical linguistics and semantics , vol . 2 ; lyons , j . , "" deixis and anaphora "" in t . myers , ed . _ the development of conversation and discourse _ , edinburgh university press , 1979 . lynne hewitt ( leh5 @ psu . edu ) , and a little later , william rapaport ( rapaport @ cs . buffalo . edu ) both pointed out that the texts in duchan , j . , bruder , g $ hewitt , l . ( eds . ) _ deixis in narrative : a cognitive science perspective _ , hillsdale , nj , lawrence earlbaum , 1995 should be taken a look at . in her chapter "" reduced anaphor in subjective contexts "" lynne analyzes the use of extended stretches of pronominalization for purpose of indicating subjective contexts in popular fiction . there are also chapters on unspeakable sentences ( ann banfield ) , empathy in syntax ( kuno ) , subjective contexts in japanese ( kuroda ) . anne reboul ( anne . reboul @ loria . fr ) wrote saying that she 'd written several papers on the topic , mainly centered on personal pronouns and suggested consulting casta * neda 's work . lynne hewitt added that buehler 's article translated into english as "" the deicitic field of language and deictic words "" ( r . jarvella $ w . klein , _ speech , place and action : studies in deixis and related topics , pp . 9-30 , wiley ) could be useful , as well as the books by jerome bruner _ actual minds , possible worlds _ , harvard university press , 1986 , and kaete hamburger , die logik der dichtung , ernst kleist verlag , 1957 tr . into english as _ the logic of literature _ , indiana university press , 1973 . finally i had marcus maia ( maia @ acd . ufrj . br ) suggesting lyons ' _ semantics _ ( i presume vol . 2 ) . sincere thanks to all . djordje vidanovic , university of nis .
",0
1598,"Subject: telri 3rd european seminar - announcement
 
 telri - trans - european language resources infrastructure third european seminar : "" translation equivalence - theory and practice "" montecatini , tuscany , italy october 16-18 , 1997 - under the patronage of the european commission - * * first announcement * * ( apologies for duplicates ) "" there is no point in denying the concept of translation . the fact is translation is a necessity on economic and general human grounds . moreover , the fact of translation is a main challenge both to linguistics and to philosophy . "" j . r . firth "" linguistic analysis and translation "" the concerted action telri ( trans - european language resources infrastructure ) invites you to participate in the third european seminar translation equivalence - theory and practice , to be held on october 16-18 , 1997 in the famous spa town of montecatini ( between florence and lucca ) in italy . the seminar is organised by telri in conjunction with the tuscan word centre ( twc ) in pescia - vellano . the seminar will assess the achievements of existing translation software and try to propose new approaches that could radically improve their performance . our experience so far suggests that we need a huge increase in linguistic knowledge before we can construct software that can deal successfully with natural language semantics , i . e . software that replicates the human faculty of understanding texts . the seminar will introduce a variety of approaches that will help us to provide the translation knowledge necessary for a new generation of translation tools . it will present the findings of the telri project on the multilingual plato corpus and offer new ideas for the exploitation of parallel texts . it will demonstrate how the bridge dictionaries can be used as a lexicon of translation equivalents . registration fee : dm 400 , - ( until august 31 ) , including participation in the seminar , opening and closing receptions , banquet , and coffee breaks . ( for a limited number of participants from countries with restricted currency convertibility , the registration fee may be negotiated . ) late registration fee ( after august 31 ) : dm 500 , - social event fee for accompanying persons : dm 120 , - registration is possible via fax , e-mail , and surface mail . on - line registration is also possible via the seminar www page given below . for further information on the third european seminar and on the telri concerted action in general , please refer to the following url : http : / / www . ids-mannheim . de / telri / tuscany97 . html or send an e-mail to : telri @ ids-mannheim . de . coordinator dr . wolfgang teubert abt . lexik ( dept . of lexical studies ) institut fuer deutsche sprache postfach 10 16 21 d-68016 mannheim , germany fax / phone : + 49 621 1581-415 e - mail : telri @ ids-mannheim . de
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1599,"Subject: student phonology workshop at ling . inst .
 
 student phonology workshop and poster session at the 1997 lsa linguistic institute saturday , july 26 goldwin smith hall , hollis e . cornell auditorium cornell university , ithaca , ny schedule of papers 8 : 30 registration - fee : $ 5 for institute participants , $ 12 . 50 for others 9 : 00 tracking a rule across eastern bantu africa , jeanine ntihirageza , university of chicago 9 : 25 non - adjacency in dissimilation , caroline jones , umass amherst 9 : 50 break 10 : 10 paradigmatic infixation in miskito , vivian lin , mit 10 : 35 the interaction of infixation and reduplication in tagalog , tivoli majors , university of texas at austin 11 : 00 vocalic hiatus resolution in kisi , carolyn smallwood & trisha causley , university of toronto 11 : 25 lunch 1 : 30 poster session 3 : 00 phonetic evidence against the feature [ fortis ] in swiss german , bill ham , cornell university 3 : 25 phonetic analysis of asymmetry of korean / s / in phonology , joo - kyeong lee , university of illinois 3 : 50 break 4 : 00 dutch rimes : the interaction between syllable weight and sonority of coda consonants , caro struijke , university of maryland 4 : 25 across - word regressive assimilation in picard : an optimality theoretic analysis , walcir cardoso , mcgill university 8 : 00 phonology party , under the tent behind risley hall economical accommodations are available in the institute dorms . for more information , read about short term housing on the institute web site : http : / / www . sce . cornell . edu / cuss / lsa . html if you have questions , feel free to e-mail lisa lavoie at lml1 @ cornell . edu
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1600,"Subject: 2nd call for papers : dgfs meeting 1998
 
 call for papers as part of the annual meeting of the german linguistic society ( deutsche gesellschaft fuer sprachwissenschaft ) , to be held in halle ( saale ) , germany , march 4 - 6 1998 , there will be a workshop ( arbeitsgruppe ) on the following topic : the role of functional categories in language contact and change in current syntactic theory functional categories play an important role in determining the structure of clauses and noun phrases . while in ` regular ' language change the content of functional categories seems to be relatively stable , in many language contact situations , e . g . creolization , code-switching , functional categories are lost and , subsequently , reconstituted . a major issue hereby is on which grammatical knowledge speakers model the reconstitution of these elements . some of the specific questions to be adressed in this session are : ( i ) which functional categories are necessarily reconstituted , and which are not ? this relates to the issues of universality ( or ug - compatibility ) and markedness of functional categories ; ( ii ) what type of functional categories are reconstituted : those that contribute to meaning ( lf - interpretable ) , or those that only convey grammatical information , or both ? ; ( iii ) which lexical categories are used as a model for reconstitution and , consequently , are reinterpreted as functional categories ? ; ( iv ) from which language ( s ) in the contact situation are the ( lexical or grammatical ) elements drawn used for reconstitution of functional categories ? papers will are relevant to this topic are invited . papers should take 30 minutes , to be followed by 15 minutes of discussion . a one-page abstract should be sent ( preferably by e-mail ) to the organizer ( address below ) by september 1 , 1997 . dr . t . veenstra instituut voor algemene taalwetenschap universiteit van amsterdam spuistraat 210 nl-1012 vt amsterdam tel 00 . 31 . 20 . 525 . 3858 fax 00 . 31 . 20 . 525 . 3021 e-mail t . veenstra @ let . uva . nl
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1601,"Subject: re : 8 . 988 , disc : evolution analytic > synthetic
 
 i want to respond to part of a post which particularly caught my attention .
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1602,"Subject: intercultural communication
 
 dear colleagues ! some time ( or rather a long time ) ago , i posted a query to the list asking for information on research activities regarding intercultural communication . please excuse me for writing this summary so late , but two kids have been keeping me rather busy . i would like to thank all respondants for the valuable information that was supplied to me . as almost everyone expressed their wish to get into contact with others working in this area , i have included your e-mail addresses in the following summary . anne barron < abarron @ ollamh . ucd . ie > ( university college dublin , ireland ) is doing a phd , studying the effects of a year abroad on the development of pragmatic competence among second language learners of german and is interested in the development of pragmatic competence in general . sangeeta bagga - gupta < sangeeta . bagga-gupta @ hoe . se > ( university of linkping , sweden ) has done an ethnographic description of the communication environment at the ngo , where women from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds are employed . christine anthonissen < canthoni @ artsn . uwc . acz > ( university of western cape , south africa ) is co-author of a book titled "" communication across cultures in south - africa - toward a critical language awareness "" , which she uses to teach undergraduates . laura chao - chih liao < ccliao @ fcusqnt . fcn . edu . tw > ( feng chia university , taiwan ) has published several books and articles on different aspects of intercultural communication , contrastive pragmatics , discourse analysis and gender differences , all related to chinese and american english . peter kistler < pkbdg @ ibm . net > ( universitas padjadjaran , bandung , indonesia ) applies ethnomethodological conversation analysis to german - indonesian conversations . he is especially interested in "" critical incidents "" and discourse structure . tom koole < tom . koole @ let . ruu . nl > ( utrecht institute of linguistics , netherlands ) has published articles relating to intercultural communication in team discourse and business negotiations . susan meredith burt < burt @ vaxa . cis . uwosh . edu > ( university of wisconsin oshkosh , usa ) is working in the area of native / non-native interaction , particularly on issues of linguistic accomodation by native speakers to non-native speakers . hannes kniffka < ssp01 @ rs1 . rrz . uni - koeln . de > has published a book titled "" elements of culture - contrastive linguistics "" , which summarizes empirical and practical consequences for analyses of intercultural communication , especially related to the cultures of saudi - arabia , china and maroc . laura hartley < hartleyl @ pilot . msu . edu > ( michigan state university , usa ) focusses on linguistic details of politeness in the speech act situation of complaints . sally hunt < lish @ warthog . ru . ac . za > ( rhodes university , south africa ) has completed an ma thesis on interaction in small group teaching at university , focussing on gender and culture , and how these two factors affect the amount and kind of participation of the various students . alain dawson < orfqe @ nordnet . fr > ( university of paris , france ) is doing research on the mutual intelligibility of slavic languages , especially on "" how russians understand texts written in other slavic languages without having learnt them . "" shikaripur n . sridhar < ssridhar @ ccmail . sunysb . edu > ( state university of new york at stony brook ) will be happy to provide information on "" international varieties of english "" and "" non - native intitutionalized varieties of english "" . melanie siegel < siegel @ dfki . uni-sb . de > ( deutsches forschungsinstitut fuer kuenstliche intelligenz , saarbruecken , germany ) did a phd thesis on translation mismatches in japanese - german translations . anita fetzer < anita . fetzer @ po . uni-stuttgart . de > ( universiteat stuttgart , germany ) has written her phd thesis on negative interactions . she has developed a model which explains linguistic preferences regarding refusals , and she has tried to apply this model to second language teaching . patricia haegman < fte . haegeman . p @ alpha . ufsia . ac . be > ( university of antwerp , belgium ) teaches courses in intercultural communication , both in interpersonal and business talk . she has written her phd on "" business english in flanders , a study of lingua franca telephone interaction . "" bernd mueller - jacquier < mue-jac @ phil . tu-chemnitz . de > ( technische universitaet chemnitz , germany ) is head of the department for intercultural communication at technische universitaet chemnitz , where several courses on different aspects of intercultural communication are being tought . you can visit their homepage , which also includes an interesting bibliography at http : / / www . tu-chemnitz . de / phil / ikk / myself , i completed my phd "" english as a medium of intercultural communication : an analysis of non - native - / non - native speaker discourse "" in 1995 . i analysed discourse structural ( topic development , turn-taking etc . ) and politeness phenomena . currently , i am doing two projects both in the area of intercultural communication . one investigates gender and culture as possible factors influencing the ability to successfully communicate in intercultural situations . this study focusses on japanese , korean and german speakers using english as a lingua franca and examines discourse structural as well as politeness phenomena . in a second project , a japanese colleague ( yuko sugita < yuko @ phil-fak . uni-duesseldorf . de > ) and myself take a look at more formal situations , i . e . intercultural interaction in japanese companies . we hope to find out about the linguistic differences between japanese and german business communication and the way these influence japanese and german speakers ' use of english as a communication tool . i hope to be able to update this list from time to time . so , if you happen to know anybody , who wants to share her / his knowledge on intercultural communication with others , please ask her / him to send me an e-mail . this list will also be accessibly via my homepage ( http : / / www-public . rz . uni-duesseldorf . de / + meierkor ) in about a month . best wishes to everybody dr . christiane meierkord heinrich - heine - universitaet duesseldorf modernes japan universitaetsstr . 1 40225 duesseldorf tel . : + 49 ( 0 ) 211 - 81-14709 e-mail : meierkor @ uni-duesseldorf . de
",0
1603,"Subject: summary of responses to psycholinguistics query
 
 in linguist 8 . 981 , i posted the following query : > if an ambiguous word has a strongly dominant sense , > is that sense most likely to be the one actually selected in neutral > contexts ? of course the intuitive answer seems obivously to be "" yes , "" > but i have n't found any formal studies affirming this , as most studies > do not explicitly relate dominance bias or strength of activation with > the processes of sense selection . > two more general questions : have the findings of tabossi > pretty much spelled an end to a purely modularist view of lexial > processing ? > and finally , to what extent are connectionist explanations of lexical > processing like kawamoto 's ( see below ) gaining credence among > psycholinguists ? the sole respondent was james fidelholtz , who , although he could n't directly address my questions , pointed out a very useful compilation of sense-frequencies for common english words : michael west , _ a general service list of english words _ ( 1953 ) , longman . thanks , dave = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - david wharton department of classical studies 237 mciver building the university of north carolina at greensboro greensboro , nc 27412-5001 email : whartond @ uncg . edu tel . ( 910 ) 334-5214 = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = -
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1604,"Subject: iatl 14 : preliminary announcement
 
 iatl 14 , the 14th annual meeting of the israeli association for theoretical linguistics , will be held in ben gurion university , beersheva , on june 8 - 9 1998 . a more detailed cfp will follow in approx 2 months .
",0
1605,"Subject: programme cssp97
 
 - - - - - colloque de syntaxe et semantique de paris cssp 1997 the paris syntax and semantics conference 16-18 octobre 1997 universite paris 7 denis diderot , campus jussieu , 2 , place jussieu , 75005 paris . conferenciers invites / invited speakers : guglielmo cinque , donka farkas , hans kamp , ruth kempson , ivan a . sag 1 . programme programme provisoire / provisional program jeudi 16 octobre 9h - 9h10 : ouverture du colloque 9h10 - 10h10 : conferencier invite , h . kamp ( stuttgart ) ( titre preciser ) semantique / semantics 10h30 - 11h : c . condoravdi ( cycorp ) , presuppositional underspecification : the case of ' ksana ' 11h - 11h30 : l . dekydtspotter ( indiana ) , futur proche et futur simple : reference et quantification 11h30 - 12h : s . gennari ( brown u . ) , tense , aktionsart and sequence of tenses 12h - 12h30 : j . lecarme ( cnrs-2lc ) , nominal tense and tense theory - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - syntaxe / syntax 14h - 14h30 : d . pesetsky ( mit ) , the interpretation of immovability 14h30 - 15h : j . aoun ( u . of south california ) , j . nunes ( unicamp ) , vehicle change and move f 15h30 - 16h : j . - p . koenig ( suny ) , k . lambrecht ( u . of texas ) , french relative clauses as secondary predicates : a case study in construction theory 16h - 16h30 : l . sadler ( essex ) , lexical integrity , small constructions and the morpho-syntax of welsh clitics 16h30 - 17h : s . kahane ( talana ) , i . melc ' uk ( college de france ) , synthese des phrases extraction : aspects semantiques et syntaxiques 17h - 17h30 : d . kolliakou ( groningen ) , towards an inflectional theory of definiteness 17h30 - 19h30 : reception 19h30 - 20h30 : conferencier invite : ivan a sag ( stanford ) satisfying constraints on extraction and adjunction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - vendredi 17 octobre 9h - 10h : conferencier invite : cinque ( venise ) , on the positions of negative phrases syntaxe - semantique / syntax - semantics 10h30 - 11h : m . honcoop ( hil leiden ) , reconstruction in and of itself 11h - 11h30 : j . kuhn ( ims stuttgart ) , the syntax and semantics of split nps and floating quantifiers in lexical functional grammar 11h30 - 12h : b . crysmann ( saarbrucken ) , ( im ) proper quantifiers and clitic placement in european portuguese 12h - 12h30 : d . hardt ( villanova ) , a dynamic identity theory of ellipsis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - semantique / semantics 14h - 14h30 : f . newmeyer ( u . of washington ) , the perceptual deictic construction in english 14h30 - 15h : h . demirdache ( u . of british columbia ) , on descriptions in ( lilloet ) salish 15h - 15h30 : c . pinon ( dusseldorf ) , on a distributive marker in polish 16h - 16h30 : i . derzhanski ( bulgarian academy of sciences ) , monotonicity and interrogation 16h30 - 17h : a . franck ( rank xerox ) , deontic conditionals and conterfactual asymmetry 17h - 17h30 : r . van valin ( suny ) , generalized semantic roles and the syntax - semantics interface - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - samedi 18 octobre : les indefinis / indefinites 9h - 10h : conferencier invite : r . kempson ( londres ) on concepts of scope - a dynamic perspective 10h30 - 11h : a . giannakidou ( groningen ) , free - choice indefinites in greek 11h - 11h30 : l . m . tovena ( geneve ) , j . jayez ( ehess ) , irreference vs . non-veridicality : the case of any 11h30 - 12h : m . becker ( ucla ) , the some indefinites 12h - 12h30 : i . comorovski ( nancy ) , functional indefinites and the proportion problem - - - - - - - - - 14h - 14h30 : a . cohen , n . erteschik - shir ( ben - gurion u ) . , are bare plurals indefinites ? 14h30 - 15h : l . mcnally ( barcelone ) , v . van geenhoven ( nimegue ) , redefining the weak / strong distinction 15h30 - 16h : t . reinhart ( ots / tel aviv ) , y . winter ( ots ) , the quantificational origins of ' referential ' indefinites 16h30 - 17h30 : conferencier invite : d . farkas ( santa - cruz ) ( titre preciser ) reserve / alternates syntaxe / syntax : c . kennedy ( northwestern u ) , j . merchant , ( ucsc ) , comparatives and bound ellipsis syntaxe - semantique / syntax - semantics : m . butt ( xerox parc ) , t . holloway king ( stanford ) , focus , adjacency and nonspecificity m . - h . cote ( mit ) , variables situationnelles et individuelles dans la quantification existentielle : vers une solution la restriction sur les sn definis semantique / semantics t . kurafuji ( rutgers ) , definiteness of koto in japanese and its nullification les indefinis / indefinites : m . romero ( umass ) , intensional functional readings and transparency e . villalta ( umass ) , g . boye ( paris 7 ) , combien de n . . . ? combien . . . de n ? , quelle est la question ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - for further information , contact : daniele godard , universite paris 7 , linguistique . email : cssp97 @ linguist . jussieu . fr www : http / / www . linguist . jussieu . fr / ~ cssp97 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cssp 97 universite paris 7 linguistique ufrl , case 7003 2 place jussieu 75251 paris - cedex 05 france email : cssp97 @ linguist . jussieu . fr http : / / www . linguist . jussieu . fr / ~ cssp97 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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1606,"Subject: disc : grammar in uk schools
 
 on thu , 3 july 1997 , larry koch wrote : > i read your contribution to the linguist list after having it forwarded > to me , and i must say i am disappointed to see a teacher of english > promoting the fallacy of the "" split infinitive "" . there simply is no > such thing . > > first , the "" to "" particle is not always a part of the infinite ( e . g . > after modal verbs ) . > > second , placing the adverb between "" to "" and the infinitive is often > the only way the sentence makes sense , in terms of modifying the verb . > likewise , placing the adverb elsewhere often makes the sentence less > understandable . i think you have misunderstood what i was saying in my contribution to the list . i do not ` promote the fallacy of the split infinitive ' . the syllabus which i teach requires a descriptive rather than a prescriptive approach . the questions set by the external examining board , however , often require the students to show their commitment to descriptivism by commenting critically on various prescriptive rules laid down in the past , as in the orwell example . they need to know what actives , passives and infinitives are before they can do this . the sixteen-year - old students who come to me have usually been taught no terminology at all , apparently because their teachers have been terrified of being prescriptive . i know and teach that not all infinitives contain ` to ' . i also give the students examples ( e . g . ` i asked him to kindly apologise ' ) where placing the adverb anywhere else would cause ambiguity . jennifer chew
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1607,"Subject: call for reviewers / new url for call site
 
 call @ chorus , < http : / / www-writing . berkeley . edu / chorus / call / index . html > ; , is a web-based resource offering detailed reviews of software and books targeted towards language students and instructors . we also feature demonstrations of the latest in cutting edge call demos , and a carefully selected index of call links to interesting and relevant sites on the web . we are currently inviting all those interested in reviewing computer assisted language learning software and / or books to submit a current resume with a cover letter detailing their background and experience with call as well as any specific language or regional interests that they might have . submissions should be made via email to the section editor , jim duber , < dub @ sirius . com > . please send all documents in one of the following text formats : ascii ( i . e . , email only ) , rich - text ( i . e . , rtf ) , word 6 or earlier , or pdf . feel free to contact me with any questions you might have on this . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * note : call @ chorus has just moved to our new sponsor : * * uc berkeley 's college writing programs * * we ' re newly designed , newly updated , new content too . * * our old site at http : / / www . chorus . cycor . ca / duber / * * will soon be phased out . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * best wishes , jim ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ jim duber , editor c a l l @ c h o r u s dub @ sirius . com http : / / www-writing . berkeley . edu / chorus / call ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
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1608,"Subject: european language resources association
 
 elra news * * * price cuts on the m2vts database * * * following all the requests regarding the speech database m2vts ( ref . elra-s0021 ) , we are happy to announce a substantial price reduction for this database . the new prices have been set in agreement with the m2vts provider . for elra members = > 250 ecu ( used to be 900 ! ) for non members = > 500 ecu ( used to be 1490 ! ) the database is available for research purposes only . please note that the entire catalogue of elra resources can be found on the elra web site : http : / / www . icp . grenet . fr / elra / home . html - please follow the links - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * + for further information , please contact : + + elra / elda + + 87 , avenue d ' italie + + 75013 paris + + tel : + 33 1 45 86 53 00 + + fax : + 33 1 45 86 44 88 + + e - mail : info-elra @ calva . net + + http : / / www . icp . grenet . fr / elra / home . html + * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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1609,"Subject: console 6 - last call for papers !
 
 console 6 - call for papers the sixth meeting of the student organization of linguistics in europe ( console ) will be held at the university of lisbon from 15 until 17 december . sole aims at providing students of generative linguistics with a possibility of gaining international experience and a publication forum of their own . furthermore sole strives at enhancing contacts and cooperation between students of generative linguistics in europe and around the world . papers are solicited in the field of generative linguistics , more specifically in , but not limited to , phonology , morphology , semantics , sign language , language acquisition and syntax . please send 4 anonymous ( plus one with your name , affiliation , address and e-mail address ) copies of an abstract of maximally two pages , including references , diagrams and examples using at least a 10 - point font to : console 6 ( a \ c ines duarte ) departmento de linguistica geral e romanica faculdade de letras universidade de lisboa cidade universitaria 1699 lisboa codex portugal the deadline for submission is 1 august , 1997 . abstracts received after august the 1st will not be considered . abstracts can only be submitted by regular mail . the following people will be happy to answer any questions you may have at the fax number and e-mail address below : local organizers : sole board : ines duarte joao costa isabel hub faria rob goedemans maria joao freitas ruben van de vijver anabela goncalves tina cambier madalena colac , o + 351 - 1-7960063 sole @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl
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1610,"Subject: germanic linguistics & philology
 
 the web site of the society for germanic philology ( sgp ) has moved to the following address : www . germanic . ohio-state . edu / sgp / the sgp embraces all areas of and approaches to germanic linguistics and philology , from formal syntax and phonology through historical linguistics to textual editing and includes scholars interested in all germanic languages , from modern german , netherlandic and yiddish to old english , scandinavian and gothic . the web site features information about the sgp , its membership , its goals and administration . in addition , the full text of the biannual newsletter of the society is available , and visitors to the site will find editorial information about the society 's journal , the american journal of germanic linguistics and literature ( ajgll ) . a first call for papers has been posted for the fourth annual germanic linguistics conference , to be held at ohio state in april 1998 . gregor hens department of germanic languages & literatures the ohio state university www . germanic . ohio-state . edu / faculty / gh /
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1611,"Subject: summary : even if
 
 dear linguists , on linguist list : vol . 8-959 ( 25 / 07 / 1997 ) , i posted the following query . three people responded to my investigation . my great thanks goes to the following people . since their judgements varied , i labelled a , b and c to them just for convenience in writing this summary . a : m . lynne roecklein < lynne @ cc . gifu-u . ac . jp > b : laura gonnerman < gonnerman @ scf . usc . edu > c : gary h . toops < toops @ twsuvm . uc . twsu . edu > the query and summary are as follows . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i have been working on some probelms of the meanings of "" even if "" , especially the following so-called consequent-entailment reading of "" even if "" . please help me check the accptablities of the following sentences . are the following sentences acceptable or have natural flow of interpretation ? please put ok , ? or * in each slot and comments , if any . if the sentences you judge are unacceptable , what kind of context would you consider to increase the acceptabilities ? ( 1 ) ( a : * ; b : ok ; c : ? ) ( context : my employer is so puritanical that he would fire me if i behaved in what he considered a libertine manner . ) "" even if "" my wife smoked cigarettes , he would fire me , but , since she would n't ever smoke , he won't fire me . comment of a : the ' even if ' clause is ok with with "" he . . . me "" , but the second halfdoesn ' t match . no one would ever phrase this combination of ideas this way . it has a split focus . is the topic the extent of the employer 's puritanism ( first half ) , or the likelihood / unlikelihood of the speaker 's being fired ( second half ) . i find even my japanese colleagues do this split focus thing all the time . such sentences are extremely difficult and often impossible to parse in any natural way . it took several years of familiarity with japanese versions of english for me even to identify what is going on in sentences like this . i 'd love to know an effective way to explain to japanese students of english why this won't work and maybe more important , how to recognize that they ' ve pro9duced an illicit split focus construction . ( 2 ) ( a : ? ? ? ; b : ok ; c : ? ) "" even if "" you drink just a little , your boss will fire you , but , since you sruely won't drink at all , he won't fire you . comment of a : a ) "" "" even if . . . will fire you "" is most easily interpreted as habitual , while "" you surely * won't * drink at all "" would designate a single event in the future . these sit uneasily together . b ) since drinking a lot is antithetical to drinking a little , the last clause must imply that the boss is thinking of firing the addressee for some other reason . in this case , interpeting the first half according to a ) above , there can be no connection between the firing and the drinking and the sentence fails by virtue of non-entailment . on the other hand , if one * goes back * and reinterprets the ' you ' in the first half merely as the addressee , then the sentence might be possible , given that condition b ) abvove represents the real state of affairs . it would also be implied that the boss needs just a little bit more reason to actualy execute the firing . the final clause would sound better with "" can't "" than with "" won't "" , however , in this scenario . ( 3 ) ( a : * * ; b : * ; c : * ) "" even if "" you drink just a little , your boss will fire you , but since you surely drink a lot , he won't fire you . comment of a : the action posited by the "" even if "" clause is already a maximum limit . the sentence is logically impossible . comment of b : but if you continue the sentence as below then it is fine by me . ( 3 ) ( ok ) "" even if "" you drink just a little , your boss will fire you , but since you surely drink a lot , he won't fire you , you ' ll get fed up and quit before he gets a chance . ( 4 ) ( a : ok ; b : ok ; c : ? ) if it doesn ' rain , the game will continue . "" even if "" it rains lightly , the game will continue ; but if it rains heavily , the rain will be cancelled . i ' m sorry i ' ve made a mistake here . the final clause should be , the game will be cancelled , as roecklein ( a ) pointed out . ( 5 ) ( a : * * ; b : * ; c : * ) if it does n't rain , the game will continue . "" even if "" it rains lightly , the game will be cancelled ; but if it rains heavily , the game will continue . comment of a : nonsense , in order and logic . comment of b : okay if you continue with something like : ( 5 ) ( ok ) if it does n't rain , the game will continue . "" even if "" it rains lightly , the game will be cancelled ; but if it rains heavily , the game will continue , but it will be moved to an indoor arena . ( 6 ) ( a : * * ; b : ? ; c : * ) "" even if "" the president were to get ingestion tonight , the cease-fire would end , but , if we resume negotiations with the enemy for a treaty of peace , it will continue . i ' m sorry i ' ve mistyped the word here too . ingestion should be indigestion . comment of a : i would imagine rather that indigestion would contribute to the end of the ceasefire . ( 7 ) ( a : ok ; b : ok ; c : ? ) "" even if "" my wife smoked cigarettes , i would not scold her , but , if she ever broke my favorite dishes , i would scold her . comment of a : "" scold her "" should nto be repeated at the end . very unnatural . ( 8 ) ( a : ? ; b : ? ; c : ? ) "" even if "" my wife smokes cigarettes , i will not scold her , but , if she breaks my favorite dishes , i will scold her . comment of a : underlying logic ok . i do n't like "" even if "" with the indicative present verb because i like to mark conditionals on the verb , but i ' m aware that this usage is in process of change . same proviso as above for the repeated "" scold her . "" the preferences of conditionals in even if clause over the indicative present are the same to all three people . however , i found many examples of the indicative type . this seems a matter of individual preferences . comment of b : ( 8 ) ( ok ) "" even if "" my wife smokes cigarettes at the dinner table , i will not scold her , but , if she breaks my favorite dishes , i will scold her . comment of c : to make sense of many of your contexts , i had to postpose the "" even if "" clause , e . g . , "" i will not scold my wife , even if she smokes cigarettes . "" placing the "" even if "" clause first in the sentence makes it more emphatic . my own summary : ( 3 ) and ( 5 ) are judged logically impossible as i have expected . but i do not understand laura gonnerman 's rephrasing ok sentence of ( 5 ) . ( 6 ) is also judged unnnatural to all the three people though i expected it would be ok . it seems to me the final clause cahnges the situation and focus of the sentence . why not ok ? finally , i must apologize to you all about the use of "" scold "" in the final two sentences . one person reminded me of the bad implication of husband 's scolding his wife . i did n't notice it . in japan , too , a husband who "" scold "" his wife is an arrogant person these days . thank you very much for your help . please make further comments , if any , on this usage . i ' ll be glad to make a reply . hiroaki tanaka associate professor faculty of integrated arts and sciences tokushima university , japan 1 - 1 , minamijousanjioma , tokushima , 770 , japan phone & fax : + 81 886 56 7125 e-mail : hiro-t @ ias . tokushima-u . ac . jp
",0
1612,"Subject: 24th university of wisconsin - milwaukee linguistics symposium :
 
 conference announcement change of date 24th university of wisconsin - milwaukee linguistics symposium : discourse across languages and cultures . our 24th symposium has been rescheduled . the symposium will be held september 10-12 , 1998 . we apologize any inconvenience this rescheduling may create , and for any multiple postings . contact person : mike darnell darnell @ csd . uwm . edu
",0
1613,"Subject: 32 . linguistisches kolloquium kassel
 
 32nd colloquium of linguistics all fields of linguistics september 17-19 , 1997 university of kassel germany ab sofort koennen sie die neuesten informationen , darunter das aktuelle programm , termin - und adressenuebersichten sowie eine formularmaske zur anmeldung als passiver teilnehmer am kongress im www abrufen : http : / / www . uni-kassel . de / fb9 / sprachw / lk / welcome . htm
",0
1614,"Subject: re : 8 . 1044 , disc : grammar in schools
 
 ( re message from : linguist @ linguistlist . org ) > > linguist list : vol-8 - 1044 . sat jul 12 1997 . issn : 1068-4875 . > > subject : 8 . 1044 , disc : grammar in schools > > i know and teach that not all infinitives contain ` to ' . i also give > the students examples ( e . g . ` i asked him to kindly apologise ' ) where > placing the adverb anywhere else would cause ambiguity . > > jennifer chew an example i once concocted to justify "" splitting the infintive "" ( or not , as the case may be ) is : a ) after a heavy meal , i prepared slowly to go home digesting b ) after a heavy meal , i prepared to slowly go home digesting c ) after a heavy meal , i prepared to go home slowly digesting in this context , with the possible exception of the third case , the natural ( and therefore near-enough unambiguous ) association of the adverb is as follows : a ) after a heavy meal , i prepared _ slowly to go home digesting b ) after a heavy meal , i prepared to slowly _ go _ home digesting c ) after a heavy meal , i prepared to go home slowly _ digesting ( this was long ago , when you got glared at for splitting an infinitive regardless of whether it was the only place to put the adverb so as to express what you meant and not something else : this example achieved , as nearly as i could , three quite distinct and natural meanings for "" . . . slowly to go home . . . "" , "" . . . to slowly go home . . . "" and "" . . . to go home slowly . . . "" . i ' m not 100 per cent happy with it , for obvious reasons , and it would be interesting to see if anyone can come up with a better , more clear-cut one ) . [ and , to really "" epater les bourgeois "" , i reckon you could even make a case for "" . . . i prepared to , slowly , go home digesting "" : the implication being that the meal was so very heavy that the walk home should be correpondingly delicate , as emphasised by the pause in rhythm marked by the commas ] . ted . ( ted . harding @ nessie . mcc . ac . uk )
",0
1615,"Subject: conf - lacl ' 97 - nancy ( france ) - sept 97
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * lacl ' 97 - call for participation * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * logical aspects of computational linguistics 1997 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * september 22-24 , 1997 nancy france * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * http : / / www . loria . fr / ~ bechet / lacl . html e-mail : lamarche @ loria . fr - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the lacl conferences - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the first edition of the lacl conference , which was held in nancy in september 1996 , was very successful . this proves that there is a growing interest in the use of logic in natural language processing , both for syntactic and semantic models . lacl ' 97 will continue to bring together linguists , logicians , philosophers and computer scientists around this theme in order to present the latest results and to discuss the different approaches . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - programme committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - chairman : a . lecomte ( u . grenoble 2 ) b . carpenter ( bell labs ) m . dymetman ( rank - xerox , grenoble ) c . gardent ( u . saarbrucken ) ph . de groote ( inria & crin , nancy ) s . kulick ( u . pennsylvania ) f . lamarche ( inria & crin , nancy ) m . moortgat ( ots , utrecht ) g . morrill ( upc , barcelone ) a . ranta . ( u . helsinki & u . tampere ) p . saint - dizier ( irit , toulouse ) e . stabler ( ucla , los angeles ) e . villemonte de la clergerie ( inria , rocquencourt ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - organising committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - chairman : g . perrier v . antoine , d . bechet , a . - l . charbonnier , f . lamarche and a . savary . inria - lorraine & crin-cnrs , nancy . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - programme - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - monday , september 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 : 45 - 9 : 30 : welcome 9 : 30-10 : 20 : invited talk i joachim lambek ( mcgill university , montreal ) some mathematical approaches to natural language 10 : 35-11 : 35 : session 1 m . kandulski strong equivalence of generalized ajduckiewicz and lambek grammars s . shaumyan , p . hudak & m . jones type - directed natural language parsing 11 : 50-12 : 40 : discussion i logic - mathematical formalisms and grammars 12 : 40-14 : 00 : lunch 14 : 00-14 : 50 : invited talk ii denis bouchard ( universite du quebec , montreal ) ellipsis of the noun and of the determiner : recoverability , number and partitivity 15 : 05-16 : 35 : session 2 t . cornell derivational and representational views of minimalist syntactic calculi f . morawietz & t . cornell approximating principles and parameters grammars with mso tree logics j . hodas a linear logic treatment of phrase structure grammars for unbounded dependencies 16 : 45-17 : 35 : discussion ii what formalisms for minimalism ? tuesday , september 23 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 : 30-10 : 20 : invited talk iii yves lafont ( c . n . r . s . , marseille ) applications of phase semantics 10 : 35-11 : 35 : session 3 e . kraak italian object cliticization : a deductive approach h . hendriks a proof - theoretic analysis of intonation 11 : 50-12 : 40 : discussion iii advantages of the proof - theoretic approach 12 : 40-14 : 00 : lunch 14 : 00-14 : 50 : invited talk iv mark johnson ( brown university , providence ) features and resources 15 : 05-16 : 35 : session 4 p . blackburn feature logics in hybrid languages d . heylen underspecification in subsumption - based type - logical grammars n . francez on the direction of fibring feature logics with concatenation logics 16 : 45-17 : 35 : discussion iv comparing feature logics 20 : 00 : conference dinner wednesday , september 24 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 : 30-10 : 30 : session 5 m . vilares ferro , m . alonso pardo & d . cabrero souto an operational model for parsing fixed - mode dcgs d . tatar & d . zaiu unification - based and object-oriented based approaches to grammars 10 : 45-11 : 45 : session 6 z . luo & p . c . callaghan linguistic categories in mathematical vernacular and their type-theoretic semantics m . kinnunen natural language interface to regular expressions 12 : 00-12 : 50 : final discussion 12 : 50-14 : 00 : lunch - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - location - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nancy , which is the capital of the french department meurthe et moselle , is easily accessible from paris ( gare de l ' est ) by train in about three hours . there are also direct trains from strasbourg , luxembourg and dijon . the nearest international airports are the ones of paris , strasbourg and luxembourg . the lacl conference will take place in the loria building at the address : inria - lorraine & crin-cnrs batiment loria technopole de nancy brabois campus scientifique 615 rue du jardin botanique , b . p . 101 f 54602 villers - les - nancy cedex france for more information about the location , please take a look at the www server or send a mail to francois lamarche . http : / / www . loria . fr / ~ bechet / lacl . html e-mail : lamarche @ loria . fr - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the registration fees for the conference are the following : before august 15 after august 15 regular 700 frf 900 frf student 500 frf 700 frf both regular and student fees include the conference proceedings , the coffee breaks , the lunches , and the conference dinner ( september 23 ) . tickets for additional conference dinners ( for accompanying persons ) can be purchased at 150 frf . you may register by surface mail , fax , or e-mail . please fill in the registration form that you can find at www address http : / / www . loria . fr / ~ bechet / lacl . html and send it to : inria - lorraine bureau des relations exterieures - lacl ' 97 615 rue du jardin botanique , b . p . 101 f 54602 villers - les - nancy cedex france fax ( internat . ) : + 33 3 83 27 83 19 ( nat . ) : 03 83 27 83 19 e - mail : re @ loria . fr - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - payments - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - payments are accepted in french francs only . the enclosed payment may be one of the following forms : o cheque in french currency , drawn on a french bank , made to the order of "" agent comptable de l ' inria "" ; o eurocheque in french currency , made to the order of "" agent comptable de l ' inria "" ; o bank transfer to the order of "" agent comptable de l ' inria "" ( with your name and lacl ' 97 ) ; the bank account number is : 10071-78000 - 00003003958-80 at the bank "" tresorerie generale des yvelines "" . please ask your bank to arrange a transfer at no cost for the recipient . you may also pay the registration fee by credit card at the moment of the conference . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - accommodation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hotel rooms ranging from one to three star hotels are available . for a reser - vation , please phone to the hotel , fill in the accommodation form that you can find at www address http : / / www . loria . fr / ~ bechet / lacl . html and send it rapidly to the hotel ( preferably before september ) to confirm the reservation . hotel akena * hotel crystal * 41 rue raymond poincare 5 rue chanzy 54000 nancy 54 000 nancy tel : 03 83 28 02 13 tel : 03 83 35 41 55 fax : 03 83 90 00 45 fax : 03 83 37 84 85 price ( tarif ) : 175 frf price ( tarif ) : 200-300 frf hotel albert 1er * * hotel mercure - thiers * * * 3 rue de l ' armee patton 11 rue raymond poincare 54000 nancy 54 000 nancy tel : 03 83 40 31 24 tel : 03 83 39 75 75 fax : 03 83 28 47 78 fax : 03 83 32 78 17 price ( tarif ) : 295-310 frf price ( tarif ) : 475 frf * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * guy perrier crin-cnrs & inria lorraine campus scientifique - b . p . 239 54506 vandoeuvre - les - nancy cedex france e-mail : perrier @ loria . fr phone : 03 83 59 20 18 fax : 03 83 41 30 79 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
1616,"Subject: 19th annual conf of the cognitive science society
 
 the nineteenth annual conference of the cognitive science society will be held at stanford university august 7-10 , 1997 . this year 's meeting will run four days . in addition to research talks and poster sessions , the conference will include eight half-day symposia on selected topics such as distributed cognition , semantics , spatial cognition , cognitive neuroscience , scientific discovery , social cognition , language acquisition , and motor behavior . each symposium will run for half a day , and will include two survey talks by senior scientists and two invited research talks describing recent advances in the area . for information about registration and housing , see the conference web site at http : / / www-csli . stanford . edu / cogsci97 / cogsci97 . html which also contains information about other aspects of the meeting . the conference web site includes both postscript and electronic versions of the registration and housing form . we look forward to seeing you at stanford this august . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - mike shafto ( mshafto @ mail . arc . nasa . gov ) http : / / olias . arc . nasa . gov / personnel / people / mike _ shafto . html human - automation integration research branch ( afi ) nasa - ames research center , mail stop 262 - 4 moffett field , ca 94035-1000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - it is strange that the inadequacy of formal long-range plans is not better understood . - - hans mark & arnold levine , "" the management of research institutions , "" nasa sp-481 , p . 183 .
",0
1617,"Subject: labphon6 web page
 
 the sixth conference on laboratory phonology ( to be held at the university of york ( uk ) on 2 - 4 july , 1998 ) now has a web site : http : / / www . york . ac . uk / ~ lang15 / labphon . html further information about the conference will be posted to this page as it becomes available . _ paul carter _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pgc104 @ york . ac . uk _ dept of language & linguistic science | http : / / www . york . ac . uk / ~ pgc104 / university of york | tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1904 432660 heslington , york . yo1 5dd | fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1904 432652
",0
1618,"Subject: english is an asian language conference
 
 the macquarie library pty ltd , publishers of the macquarie dictionary , is undertaking a series of conferences throughout south - east asia in cooperation with local institutions and associations dealing with language and linguistics . conference perspective the conferences have the general title english is an asian language , a statement which is then discussed in the context of each country . publication of proceedings - first conference the proceedings of the first conference in the series , held in manila 2 - 3 august 1996 , are now available . price aud $ 20 , plus postage . please contact susan butler , publisher , macquarie dictionary , sue @ dict . mq . edu . au if you wish to purchase a copy . the conference it is our aim to : * assess the role that english is already playing and may play in the future in the government , economics , trade and education in south - east asia * analyse what impact the new englishes of the region might have in reflecting the culture of these language communities * assess the requirements for an english - language dictionary for this region . topics to be covered in relation to the english of each country : * history * pronunciation * lexical items * standardness , particularly in the areas of newspaper publishing , book publishing and education , with comments on the relative importance of standards derived from within the country and those derived externally * business english * english as influencing and influenced by local culture * the literature on the subject a broad range of participants will be invited - educators , writers and journalists , linguists , english language teachers , government representatives , publishers , newspaper editors . participants will be encouraged to discuss each topic , as the exchange of views is of great importance in establishing a generally accepted point of view . the first two conferences the first two conferences were held in manila on 2 - 3 august 1996 and in bangkok on 8 - 9 august 1996 . the proceedings of the manila conference have been published ( see above ) and the proceedings of the bangkok conference will be published late 1997 . keynote speaker the keynote speaker for the first two conferences was professor braj b kachru speaking on the theme of english is an asian language . prof . kachru is one of the foremost scholars in the field of world englishes ; he has pioneered , shaped , and defined this field of scholarly inquiry . his research on world englishes , the kashmiri language and literature , and theoretical and applied studies on language and society has resulted in more than 20 authored and edited volumes and more than 100 research papers , review articles , and reviews . he is a founder and coeditor of world englishes and series editor of english in the global context . he has held editorial positions in more than a dozen scholarly journals and is associate editor of the oxford companion to the english language and a contributor to the cambridge history of the english language . his many graduate students , now teaching in asia , africa , europe , and the united states , have made recognised contributions to various areas of sociolinguistic research . conference organisers de la salle university , manila ( prof . maria lourdes s bautista ) . language center , national institute of development administration ( nida ) , bangkok ( associate professor dr tuanchai tan - ngarmtrong ) . the macquarie library pty ltd , sydney ( susan butler ) . the next conference kuala lumpur , malaysia on 18-19 august 1997 . conference organisers malaysian association of modern languages ( president : datin halimah mohd said ) . prof . dato ' dr asmah haji omar , professor of malay linguistics / dean , faculty of languages and linguistics , university of malaya . susan butler , the macquarie library pty ltd . background information on susan butler susan butler is a member of the editorial committee of the macquarie dictionary , the first comprehensive documentation of australian english . since 1970 she has worked on the major dictionary , and the smaller versions which have been produced from it . she has also worked on the macquarie thesaurus , an entirely original thesaurus produced from the macquarie dictionary . in 1990 she worked on a review of the dictionary source material , the results of which were published in a book entitled the macquarie dictionary of new words . this material was then incorporated into the second edition of the macquarie dictionary published in november 1991 . susan is now publisher ( books ) and executive editor of the macquarie dictionary and as such is involved in the policy-making which influences the range of lexicographical projects currently undertaken by the macquarie library pty ltd . keynote speaker - bro . andrew gonzalez andrew gonzalez fsc , is a member of the la salle brothers of the philippines . he is currently president of de la salle university in the philippines . he holds a doctorate in linguistics from the university of california at berkeley and has attended various workshops and seminars in higher education management . besides being a member of the board of trustees of several colleges and universities in manila , he is a member of the komisyon sa wikang filipino ( commission on the filipino national language ) and chair of the technical panel on the humanities , the social sciences , and communications of the commission on higher education ( ched ) of the republic of the philippines . he has published extensively in the field of applied linguistics and sociolinguistics and on philipppine higher education . for further information on the kuala lumpur conference contact either datin halimah mohd said malaysian association of modern languages fakulti bahasa dan linguistik universiti malaya 50603 kuala lumpur malaysia tel + 60 3 755 5889 fax + 60 3 759 3594 or ms susan butler macquarie dictionary macquarie university nsw 2109 australia tel + 61 2 9850 9800 , fax + 61 2 9888 2984 email sue @ dict . mq . edu . au
",0
1619,"Subject: 8th international conference on functional grammar
 
 eighth international conference on functional grammar , july 6th-9th , 1998 the biennial series on conferences on functional grammar will be continued in 1998 at the vrije universiteit amsterdam ( netherlands ) , where a four-day conference will be held from 6th to 9th july 1998 . the conference will be held on the campus of the vrije universiteit and will comprise a number of plenary lectures , parallel sessions , poster sessions and workshops , as well as a range of social activities . all the papers at the conference will address issues arising within the theory of functional grammar , as presented in simon c . dik , * the theory of functional grammar * ( 2 parts ) , which is to be published ( posthumously ) by mouton de gruyter , berlin in the autumn of 1997 . a thematically based selection of the papers will , it is hoped , be prepared for publication in book form . the first call for papers will be sent out in august 1997 . those not already on the functional grammar mailing list and interested in receiving the first call or other information regarding the conference , should contact : prof . j . l . mackenzie department of english faculty of letters vrije universiteit de boelelaan 1105 1081 hv amsterdam the netherlands e-mail : mackenzi @ let . vu . nl fax : + 31-20 - 444 6500
",0
1620,"Subject: machine translation summit vi
 
 mt summit vi : "" machine translation : past , present , future "" catamaran resort hotel san diego , 29 october-1 november 1997 http : / / www . isi . edu / natural-language / mtsummit . html a once - in-a - lifetime opportunity : no serious mt - ite can afford to miss mt summit vi in san diego next october . hosted by the association for machine translation in the americas ( amta ) on behalf of the international association for machine translation ( iamt ) , this year 's summit coincides with the 50th anniversary of machine translation . the celebration will be truly memorable . amta and its cooperating host institution , the information sciences institute / university of southern california , take great pleasure in inviting you to join us in commemorating this event . schedule : the following schedule gives an overview of the events that have been planned : tuesday , 28 october : 12 - hour excursion to ensenada ; all-day workshops on interlinguas / standards wednesday , 29 october : 3 - hour tutorials in morning and afternoon ; registration ; opening of exhibits / reception , 6 : 30 p . m . thursday , 30 october : plenary and parallel sessions , 9 : 00 a . m . - 5 : 30 p . m . ; exhibits , 10 : 30 - 5 : 30 p . m . ; boat cruise , 6 : 00 - 7 : 30 p . m . ; beach luau , 7 : 30 p . m . friday , 31 october : plenary and parallel sessions , 9 : 00 a . m . - 5 : 30 p . m . ; exhibits , 10 : 30 - 5 : 30 p . m . ; banquet , boat leaves at 6 : 30 p . m . saturday , 1 november : plenary and parallel sessions , 9 : 00a . m . - 5 : 30 p . m . ; exhibits , 10 : 30 - 3 : 00 p . m . the program : a rich menu of invited talks , submitted papers , and theater-style system presentations , together with a panel that will reunite early mt pioneers , will give special meaning to the conference 's theme , "" machine translation : past , present , and future . "" in a format combining both plenary and parallel sessions , the three - day program , including all day saturday , covers the trajectory of mt across the decades from the perspective of researchers , developers , and users . the session topics , to be addressed by experts from around the world , include : early mt history current state of mt mt r&d around the world the shape of commercial mt systems production mt the market perspective what do users need ? whither mt ? parallel to these main topics will be a second track of sessions that will include submitted papers and live system presentations in a theater-style setting . all sessions will be audiotaped , and copies of the tapes will be available for purchase on-site shortly after each session ends . tutorials and workshops on wednesday , 29 october , participants are offered a selection of four 3 - hour tutorials : morning , 9-12 a . m . "" a gentle introduction to mt : theory and current practice "" - eduard hovy "" making mt work for you "" - marjorie leo ' n afternoon , 2 - 5 p . m . "" mt evaluation : old , new , and recycled "" - john white "" postediting mt : strategies and methods "" - karin spalink in addition , two workshops-one on the subject of interlinguas and the other on standardization-are being offered on tuesday , 28 october , outside the framework of the conference for attendees who wish to come a day earlier . there will be a nominal charge . those interested should contact the organizers directly . steve helmreich ( shelmrei @ crl . nmsu . edu ) is coordinating the workshop on interlinguas , and alan melby ( melbya @ byu . edu ) is responsible for the one on standards . exhibits : in addition to the theater-style system presentations in the regular program , throughout the conference mt developers will also be showcasing their latest breakthroughs in the exhibit hall . exhibits coordinator kim belvin ( kbelvin @ ucsd . edu ) has put out a call for exhibitors and is expecting a record-breaking array of products and systems . this will be "" one-stop shopping "" at its best for all mt - ites , whether their interest is in purchasing or licensing mt systems or in viewing , understanding , and comparing them . there will also be tabletop exhibit space , available at a lower fee , for publishers and nonprofit research groups . anyone interested in exhibiting should contact kim at the e-mail address above as soon as possible because booths will be assigned on a first-come , first-served basis and there may not be enough room for all who want to exhibit . related events : because of the celebratory nature of this year 's summit , a number of other exciting activities will be rounding out the rest of the conference schedule . an all-day excursion to ensenada , a major mexican seaport and tourist center , is planned for tuesday , 28 october . this spectacular 50 - mile ride down the baja california coast will include a stop at rosarito beach ; a typical mexican lunch at a restaurant with breathtaking views ; a tour of ensenada followed by time for shopping , wine-tasting , museum-going , or strolling ; and an elegant gourmet dinner by the ocean at sunset-all this for us $ 65 . 00 . tutorials and registration will take place all day wednesday , 29 october , and the conference proper will open with the 50th anniversary reception at 6 : 30 p . m . in the exhibit area . the reception is complimentary , sponsored in part by logos corporation . box lunches will be available during the three days of the conference . tickets for the three lunches may be purchased for a total of us $ 18 . 00 . on the morning of thursday , 30 october , there will be a welcome breakfast for participants ' spouses or other traveling companions , at which time they will be given suggestions of various things to do in the san diego area . thursday evening will be a double-header . at 6 : 00 p . m . the hotel 's magnificently detailed triple-deck sternwheeler , the "" wm . d . evans , "" will take participants and their companions on a complimentary cruise of mission bay , sponsored in part by systran software . during the cruise the entertainment will include drawings for our exciting mt - oriented raffle ( see separate story ) , to be emceed by bill fry . on disembarkation at 7 : 30 p . m . there will be a hawaiian luau on the beach ( us $ 20 . 00 per person ) . finally , the banquet ( us $ 50 . 00 per person ) will be held on friday , 31 october , on the top floor of the bahia hotel , a sister property of the catamaran , also on mission bay . this site was chosen for its spectacular nighttime views stretching to mexico in the south and la jolla in the north . transportation will be provided on the "" bahia belle , "" the hotel 's smaller sternwheeler . later in the evening the "" bahia belle "" opens to the public with a live band and dancing ; those returning from the banquet may choose to remain on board at no extra cost and continue to cruise around the bay . site and accommodations : the catamaran resort hotel is a tropical paradise wedged between its own beach on mission bay and the public boardwalk and pacific ocean just a few steps away . its conference center is perfect for mt summit vi , with bright airy rooms open to terraces , gardens , patios , and the beach on the bay . the hotel has a pool , jacuzzi , fitness center , and business center . bicycles , skates , and various types of boats are available for rent . the immediate vicinity offers many shops and restaurants as well as grocery stores and carry-outs . hotel parking passes are available at a special conference rate of us $ 10 for three nights . the guest rooms are luxuriously appointed , all with doors opening onto either a terrace or a balcony . the special conference rates are us $ 99 . 00 for an interior garden view and us $ 109 . 00 for a view of the bay or ocean . rooms in the tower have kitchenettes and sweeping views . participants should make their reservations directly with the catamaran - in the u . s . : + 1 800 / 288-0770 ; from canada : 800 / 233 - 8172 ; from elsewhere : + 1 619 / 488-1081 ; fax : + 1 619 / 488-1619 . neither space nor rates can be guaranteed after 28 september , so make your reservation early ! get there for less ! conventions in america , the summit 's official travel agency , offers discounts on american airlines and alamo rent a car and lowest available fares on any airline . call + 1 800 / 929-4242 in the united states and canada or + 1 619 / 453-3686 from elsewhere ; fax + 1 619 / 453-7976 ; or e-mail flycia @ scitravel . com . be sure to mention group # 547 . additional information : complete registration packets were mailed at the beginning of june to members of aamt , amta , and eamt , including the preliminary program flier , hotel registration form , and assorted other fliers . if you are not a member of one of the regional associations , you may obtain this packet by contacting the mt summit vi registrar : phone / fax : + 1 703 / 716-0912 ; e-mail : amta @ clark . net . you may also register on-line at this website . coordinates : general chair muriel vasconcellos president , iamt phone : + 1 619 / 272-3360 fax : + 1 619 / 272-3361 e - mail : murielvasconcellos @ compuserve . com program chair winfield scott bennett logos corporation phone : + 1 201 / 398-8710 x 104 fax : + 1 201 / 398-6102 e - mail : wsben @ ibm . net local arrangements chair laurie gerber systran software phone : + 1 619 / 459-6700 x 119 fax : + 1 619 / 459-8487 e - mail : lgerber @ systransoft . com exhibits coordinator kim belvin phone : + 1 619 / 481-8446 fax : + 1 619 / 350-8613 e - mail : kbelvin @ ucsd . edu registrar deborah becker amta / iamt focal point phone / fax : + 703 / 716-0912 e - mail : amta @ clark . net
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1621,"Subject: mongolian programs
 
 dear netters , i am looking for american universities which offer couses in mongolian . any information would be appreciated . thanks for your help . please e-mail me at blanch @ iname . com . duane l . blanchard
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1622,"Subject: references needed : computer - mediated discourse
 
 i ' ve been asked to write a chapter for a handbook of discourse analysis ( edited by deborah tannen , deborah schiffrin and heidi hamilton , to be published by blackwell publishers ) on the topic of computer-mediated discourse . in the interests of making the chapter as up-to - date and comprehensive as possible , i 'd like to hear from you if you ( or anyone you know ) had published in this area , so that i can mention your work in the chapter if it 's appropriate . i ' m looking for references ( brief descriptions would also be helpful ) to published work or work accepted for publication that analyzes some form of computer-mediated communication from a linguistic or ethnographic perspective , with a focus on language or language use . i 'd especially be interested in hearing from researchers i do n't know or with whom i ' ve never corresponded before who publish in this area . ( i ' ve compiled a list of about 80 references ; if i know you , chances are good i may already have included some of your work . ) my deadline for completing the chapter is august 31 , so i would need to hear from you before then in order to be able to incorporate mention of your work . feel free to redistribute this message to anyone you think might be interested . thanks in advance for your help , susan herring susan herring associate professor program in linguistics university of texas arlington , tx 76019 usa susan @ utafll . uta . edu ( fax ) 817-272 - 2731 ( tel ) 817-272 - 3133 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
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1623,"Subject: re : 8 . 1059 , disc : evolution analytic > synthetic
 
 on sun , 13 jul 1997 bill bennett wrote : if my language use sought conciseness > ( implicitness ) , than in time it might be working at the well-known > "" now for cocoa and i ' ll put the cat out "" with one vocable , the > language might end as "" ugh "" ( synethesis ) - unless the language were to > be "" saved "" by a countering balance in explicitness . i ' ve always enjoyed the verbal humor of the marx brothers , what with their puns and all ( phonology is the beginning of humor ) , but only in my dotage am i beginning to understand the exquisite wit and profundity of burns & allens , e . g . , what is going on in terms of expectations for the discourse management of information in the following exchange . gracie : i cut myself with soup the other day . george : hunh ? gracie : the other day i cut myself with soup . george : you cut yourself with soup ? gracie : yeah , i was opening the can and . . . keep it up with the implicit and the explicit and the concise and economy for the speaker vs . intelligibility for the addressee and-all - that . in the final analysis , it is such exchanges as burns & allens which ultimately explains why language will never reduce to ugh . say goodnight . . .
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1624,"Subject: summary : pig latins
 
 in may , 1996 , i published a request for information on foreign pig latins . i apologize for the delay in summarizing the results . you can thank dan downs and waruno mahdi for keeping me honest and inspiring me to do this at last . i got such a great response that it was an intmidating job . forgive me ! i had n't taken the time to summarize the results until now , but here are the languages and rules that i was given . i appreciate the information ! thanks to the following contributors in totally random order : neil bermel william byrne "" nadine "" robert lyle good marina yaguello paul de lacy marc picard geoffrey sampson andrew s . mccullough jack aubert nevin leder scott martens billy clark jack hall judit j . toth mark a . wilson marc hamann annabel cormack nancy frishberg john goldsmith forrest richey trey jones dale russell lex olorenshaw liz mckeown marion kee salvatore attardo nobuko koyama - murakami ( which sounds like a language game already ; - ) john goldsmith , who edited the handbook of phonological theory , recommends bruce bagemihl 's survey of pig latins within that book . it was published by basil blackwell 's and reissued in paperback in 1996 . ( this is highly recommended , even by people who are not john goldsmith ! ) everyone said that these are called "" language games "" rather than "" toy languages "" , but my family is so competitive that if a game does n't have a winner and loser it 's not a game ! ( hence my use of the word "" toy "" ! ) here are specific examples : chinese : onsset of a typical monosyllabic word is prepended to a different rime , which is suffixed to a different onset ( possibly k ) "" zhai kang "" for "" zhang "" mandarin : fanquie languages ( each example has its own name , based on the pattern involved ; no example given ) dutch : backward speaking : reverse syllables and sometimes words ( emerged from economic causes - - needed secret speech so other fisherman would n't learn their secrets ) english : insert / ab / between onset and rime of each syllable "" maby nabame abis babill "" for "" my name is bill "" . ( also with / ^ b / , called "" ubby dubby "" ; sample at very end ) gibberish : insert "" itherg "" after each consonant "" bithergy thitherga witherrgay "" for "" by the way "" bicycle : insert @ s ( schwa s ) after every consonant : "" h @ se t @ sold m @ sse "" for "" he told me "" eggegg langeggwagegg : add ' egg ' after every consonant : "" theganksegg yeggou "" for "" thank you "" zambuda : english pronounced wrong in every possible way ! long vowels became short ; c pronounced s when should have been k . "" @ - nosk beh-faw - re een-tee - rynj "" for "" knock before entering "" yardle bardle : those particular words were interspersed in such a way that the victim - - er , eavesdropper - - could never figure out the rules . ob-talk , from the firesign theatre : "" ob "" before words ( breaks down into raucous imitation of rooster calls at a cockfight ) arp-bark : put / arp / before "" first vowel of every syllable "" ( and i thought there was only one vowel per syllable anyway ) "" harpellarpo "" for "" hello "" french : verlan : individual words are said backwwords . "" verlan "" for "" l ' enverse "" ( meaning "" backwords "" "" zomblou "" for "" blouson "" ( jacket ) german : "" lav "" inserted after vowels . "" ilavich wohlavonelave ilavin balavad holavombulavurg "" for "" ich wohne in bad hombburg "" hungarian : put "" v "" after the vowel and repeat the vowel : "" tu - vudsz i-vigy be-ve - sze ' - ve ' - lni ' vi "" for "" tudsz igy besze ' lni "" more advanced : say / rg / isntead of / v / . italian : "" latino maccheronico "" - not the same thing . uses italian roots and attaches latin inflection morphology for humorous effect . italian language game : subsstitute initial consonant with "" f "" "" fatino faccheronic "" for "" latino maccheronico "" japanese : ba - bi-bu - be-bo language : insert "" b "" plus vowel between syllables "" waba taba sibi waba "" for "" watasi-wa "" portuguese : sima language : insert "" sima "" [ after vowels , i think ] "" quecima-rosima cocima-mesima ( or cocima-mercima ) alcima-gocima ) for "" quero comer algo "" linga do pe : ( language of the letter p ) here 's how one version of it works : 1 . add [ p ] to the end of each syllable . 2 . after the [ p ] you just added to the syllable , copy the rime of that syllable . ( rime = nucleus plus coda ) . 3 . change open syllables in closed [ o ] and [ e ] to the open vowels [ o ] and [ e ] , respectively . 4 . disregard the stress patterns of the original word / sentence ; instead , stress the * copy * of each rime . example : voce ^ cortou o seu cabelo ? did you cut your hair ? vopo ' - cepe ' corpor ' - toupou ' opo ' seupeu ' capa ' - bepe ' - lopo ' ? another person sent this example : "" quepe-ropo copo-mepe alpo-gopo "" for "" quero comer algo "" russian : fufajskij yazyk : place "" fu "" before every syllable in a word : "" fuprifuyet "" for "" privet "" porosyachia latin ( pig latin ) : can be formed different ways . military pig latin : "" ka "" instead of "" fu "" : "" katy kakukada kaseikachas kaikadiosh "" for "" ty kuda sejchas idiosh "" spanish : insert [ vf ] between onset and rime of each syllable , where [ v ] is the vowel of the rime : "" mefe llafamofo bifill "" for "" me llamo bill "" insert / po / to the end of each syllable : "" copomopo espotaspo "" for "" como estas "" yakut : "" pig latin "" - - imitation of "" russian pig latin "" ( no examples given ) thanks again to everyone for your contributions and interest . i ' ll eagerly accept further contributions at my new address : markell8 @ aolcom yubbu gubbuys ubbar grubbate ! ubay hubope yubbu uball hubbav ubba gubbood subbumubber !
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1625,"Subject: summary on english adjectives
 
 dear linguists , about a week ago i posted the following query . > i am working on english adjectives . are the following sentences > acceptable ? if acceptable , please mark them with a check . > if not acceptable , please mark them with a cross . if uncertain > or dubious , please mark them with a question mark . any > comment is welcome . > > ( 1 ) john was careful to lock the door . > ( 2 ) john was greedy to keep all the money to himself . > ( 3 ) john was worthy to be praised by them all . > ( 4 ) the place is convenient to visit . > ( 5 ) john is jealous that she succeeded . > ( 6 ) john was bored to hear her endless talk . > ( 7 ) john was confused to be told to do so many things at once . > ( 8 ) john was hurt to be insulted . > ( 9 ) i am eager that they should win . > ( 10 ) john was incredulous that mary put it into practice . > ( 11 ) mary is keen that we should go . > ( 12 ) it was heroic of them to oppose the invader . > ( 13 ) john was irresponsible to sabotage his duties . > ( 14 ) it is significant that they worked as volunteers . > ( 15 ) it is sufficient to give him some money . > ( 16 ) it is not suitable to dress casual at a wedding reception . i have received 17 replies . i would like to thank those who gave wme answers and comments . the following is the numbers of informants who indicated respective acceptability in each sentence . acceptable dubious / unacceptable uncertain ( 1 ) 16 1 0 ( 2 ) 7 4 6 ( 3 ) 7 7 3 ( 4 ) 15 1 1 ( 5 ) 13 3 1 ( 6 ) 8 2 7 ( 7 ) 6 3 8 ( 8 ) 7 2 8 ( 9 ) 11 4 2 ( 10 ) 15 2 0 ( 11 ) 11 3 3 ( 12 ) 16 0 1 ( 13 ) 6 3 8 ( 14 ) 17 0 0 ( 15 ) 16 1 0 ( 16 ) 10 1 6 part of discussion and analysis of this data will be presented by professor katsumasa yagi ( kwansei gakuin university , japan ) at the 24th lacus forum to be held at the university of york , toronto , ontario , canada on 2nd august and in his subsequent papers . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - atsuko umesaki ( tezukayama college ) e-mail : sgs03312 @ niftyserve . or . jp umesaki @ tezukayama-u . ac . jp - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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1626,"Subject: huron
 
 i am doing research about indigenous languages for a writer at the banff centre . he is looking for a specific article but can only provide me with the following information : he knows that the huron language is considered an endangered language . but , he has been informed by a linguist friend of an article written about an elderly man living in the detroit area who learned this language as a boy from his grand-mother in the 1920 's . this man does not wish to speak with people or take inquiries . however , an article was written about him and his experiences . there was hope that this article was printed in _ orion nature quarterly _ magazine sometime in 1995 . the editor was contacted , but has not yet responded . without a complete citation , i cannot request a copy of this article , if one was written on this subject . does anyone have any information on this topic or this specific article ? i would really appreciate any information that you can provide or point me to . there is however a rush on this request . i would appreciate any information by july 31 , 1997 . thank you very much , nadia mazzuca - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - email : nadia _ mazzuca @ banffcentre . ab . ca the banff centre library banff , ab canada
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1627,"Subject: expletive neg0 and opacity effects
 
 dear all , in the absence of n-words , italian marks sentential negation by ` non ' alone . opacity effects are created by ` non ' in the sense that a wh-operator cannot be extracted from a position below neg0 to , say , a higher speccp position . this effect is attributed within relativized minimality to the necessarily co-occuring non-overt operator in specnegp . the operator counts as a closer potential a ' - antecedent and prevents the moves wh-constituent from properly governing its trace . so far , so good . in french , ` ne ' ( = neg0 ) is not usually able to mark sentential negation on its own . in some contexts , however , it can , e . g . , with pseudo-modal verbs such as ` oser ' , ` pouvoir ' . interestingly , in such contexts , the same opacity effects are also produced , suggesting the presence of a non-overt operator in specnegp . so far , still so good . french ` ne ' also has expletive uses . for example , in the complement of adversative predicates and comparatives , ` ne ' can appear in formal styles without reversing polarity . in such contexts , opacity effects are not attested , suggesting that no non-overt operator occupies specnegp . what i 'd like to know is what the situation is in other languages , e . g . , spanish , catalan , and relevant non - romance varieties too . i think i ' m right in saying that , in these varieties in which the neg0 is normally sufficient to mark sentential negation alone , the neg0 morpheme ( e . g . , no ) also has expletive uses . the question is this : does expletive neg0 produce opacity effects in these languages or not ? relevant information about specific languages would be welcome , as would references to discussion in the literature . many thanks . paul dr paul rowlett head of french department of modern languages university of salford salford m5 4wt greater manchester united kingdom
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1628,"Subject: new ucla dissertations in linguistics
 
 new ucla dissertations in linguistics ! ! - - the following new volumes of ucla dissertations in linguistics are now available , at the cost of $ 10 . 00 per volume - - # 17 - - direct object scrambling in dutch and italian child language by jeannette schaeffer ( 1997 ) # 18 - - semantic trees by dorit ben - shalom ( 1996 ) # 19 - - description theory , licensing theory , and principle - based grammars and parsers by thomas cornell ( 1992 ) # 20 - - consonant clusters and cue preservation in tsou by richard wright ( 1996 ) us $ 10 . 00 please send check or money order to : ucla dept . of linguistics , box 951543 , los angeles , ca 90095-1543
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1629,"Subject: fifth international symposium
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for participation and registration the national language research institute fifth international symposium language study and thesaurus in the world and session 1 : language study and thesaurus 27th - 29th august 1997 tokyo , japan * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * place the national olympics memorial youth center international conference room 3 - 1 yoyogi kamizonocho , shibuya - ku , tokyo 151 odakyu - line sangubashi station by foot 5 min . language presentations and discussions by japanese and english with mutual simultaneous interpretation ( 29th ) with no interpretation ( 27-28 th ) registration please send the following information to the contact address below by mail or e - mail ( 1 ) name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 2 ) postal address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 3 ) affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 4 ) phone and fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 5 ) e - mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 6 ) please check ones you wish to attend [ ] session 1 27th august [ ] the reception for session 1 27th ( 6 : 00 - 8 : 00p . m . fee : 3 , 000yen ) [ ] session 1 28th [ ] symposium 29th [ ] the reception for symposium 29th ( 6 : 00 - 8 : 00p . m . ) no registration fee please apply by august 10 . there are cases where application may not be accepted for reasons of capacity . accomodation : sorry we can not reserve hotels . contact address secretariat of the 5th international symposium the national language research institute 3 - 9-14 nisigaoka kita - ku , tokyo 115 japan tel + 81 - 3-5993 - 7620 , 7621 fax : + 81 - 3-3906 - 3530 e - mail : yamazaki @ kokken . go . jp - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the national language research institute fifth international symposium session 1 language study and thesaurus 27th - 28th august 1997 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - program committee tetsuya ishikawa ( university of library and information science , tsukuba ) jun ' ichi iwata ( kyoto university of education , kyoto ) tokihisa kurasawa ( taisho university , sanseido , tokyo ) makoto takada ( university of tsukuba , tsukuba ) jun - ichi tsujii ( university of tokyo , tokyo ) hiroshi nakano ( the national language research institute , tokyo ) tooru hishinuma ( soka university , tokyo ) program information wednesday , 27 august registration 9 : 00am - opening ceremony 9 : 30am - language study and thesaurus , lexicograpy 9 : 45am - 12 : 00 0 . the interdisciplinary and international study on the thesaurus hiroshi nakano ( the national language research institute , japan ) 1 . a study of loanwords using oed2 on cd-rom : a critical consideration of the way oed2 reflects the process of naturalization of japanese loanwords . makimi kimura ( osaka university , japan ) 2 . english lexicography in the fifteenth century reiko takeda ( university of cambridge , u . k . ) 3 . needs for more linguistic descriptions and conceptional universals studies as a basic for compiling thesauruses linju ogasawara ( waseda university , japan ) 4 . aspects of polysemous words on thesaurus : a trial with "" bunruigoihyou edition "" misa otsuka ( nihon university , japan ) lunch 12 : 00 - 1 : 00pm invited lecture an outline of the study of the modern chinese vocabulary in the last twenty years zhou jian ( nankai university , china ) 1 : 00pm - 2 : 00pm contrastive study on vocabulary 2 : 00pm - 3 : 30pm 5 . a report on several polysemous words in chinese textbooks shinichi yamada ( takaoka national college , japan ) 6 . study of japanese korean bilingual thesaurus construction and vocabulary contrast song young bin ( hankuk university of foreign studies , republic of korea ) 7 . lexical contrastive study of japanese and arabic language warid farouk ibrahim ( gakushuin university , japan ) coffee break 3 : 30pm - 4 : 00pm second language education 4 : 00pm - 6 : 00pm 8 . the proposal of the lexeme code in the comparative study of vocabulary : comparison of the "" bunrui goihyou "" code with lexeme code . eishi hirose ( graduated school of literature , nagoya university , japan ) 9 . reconsidering the fundamental vocabulary for japanese language teaching : a preliminary study yasuko sasaki ( ochanomizu university , japan ) 10 . for understanding and using "" chiiki - seikatsu go ( geographical varieties of japanese ) "" : from the viewpoint of second language learning yuki mori ( mie university , japan ) 11 . words , related words , and thesauruses : some elt considerations andrew taylor ( city university of hong kong ) thursday , 28 august library science , natural language processing 9 : 30am - 12 : 00am 12 . unfolding thesaurus on a mutual reference retrieval system for japan / china - marc-db futoshi kawate , tetsuya ishikawa ( university of library and information science , japan ) 13 . menu systems for information retrieval using taxonomy of thesaurus : the use of japanese thesaurus "" bunrui goihyo "" yasuko senda ( communication and information research laboratory , central research institute of electric power industry , japan ) 14 . a clustering method for japanese signs based on similarity between manual motion features hisahiro adachi ( utsunomiya university , japan ) 15 . video retrieval based on the sentence similarity ichiro yamada , yeun - bae kim , masahiro shibata ( nhk science and technical research laboratories , japan ) 16 . a thesaurus for japanese - to - english machine translation kentaro ogura , hiromi nakaiwa , akio yokoo , satoshi shirai , ( ntt communication science lab . , japan ) masahiro miyazaki ( niigata university , japan ) satoru ikehara ( tottori university , japan ) lunch 12 : 00am - 1 : 00pm invited lecture 1 : 00pm - 2 : 00pm the semantic attribute system for machine translations masahiro miyazaki ( faculty of engineering , niigata university , japan ) meaning 2 : 00pm - 3 : 30pm 17 . the edr concept classification dictionary takano ogino , masanori kobayashi ( japan electronic dictionary research institute , ltd . , japan ) 18 . dynamic constructive thesaurus norihiro ogata ( research fellow of the japan society for the promotion of science , japan ) 19 . post - thesaurus classification of japanese words on inner japanese logic susumu yamada ( university of the sacred heart , japan ) coffee break 3 : 30pm - 4 : 00pm construction of thesaurus , terminology 4 : 00pm - 6 : 30pm 20 . a computational rule - driven thesaurus for japanese declinable words chieko nakabasami , shizuo shimada ( saitama university , japan ) 21 . identifying a web - based approach concerned with a lexical combination thesaurus isabelle meynard ( universite de montreal , canada ) 22 . a quantitative method for term recognition oueslati rochdi ( eric ( equipe de recherche en ingenierie des connaissances ) - ensais , france ) 23 . compound nouns as class nouns : examples from english and japanese megumi yui ( ph . d course at the university of tokyo , japan ) 24 . semantic classification of elements of japanese scientific terms by general semantic principles masahiko ishii ( the national language research institute ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the national language research institute 5th international symposium language study and thesaurus of the world friday , august 29 , 1997 international conference room national olympics memorial youth center tokyo , japan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - language : japanese and english ( simultaneous interpretation provided ) admission free registration 9 : 00 opening address 9 : 30 - 9 : 40 part 1 lectures 9 : 30-12 : 00 "" bunrui goihyo "" and study of japanese 9 : 40-10 : 00 hiroshi nakano ( the national language research institute ) semantics and the thesaurus 10 : 00-10 : 40 r . r . k . hartmann ( university of exeter ) concepts and the surface vocabulary 10 : 40-11 : 20 yorick wilks ( university of sheffield ) the history of chinese dictionaries 11 : 20-12 : 00 li xingjian ( dept . of applied linguistis of graduate school , chinese academy of social science ) lunch break 12 : 00-13 : 20 part2 thesaurus in the world 13 : 20-15 : 50 thesaurus in english 13 : 20-14 : 00 tom mcarthur ( editor , "" english today "" , cambridge university press ) thesaurus in hindi 14 : 00-14 : 30 arvind kumar ( free journalist ) thesauru in chinese 14 : 30-15 : 00 chen qinghuang ( beijing foreign studies university ) coffee break 15 : 00-15 : 20 thesaurus in japanese 15 : 20-15 : 50 tsunao ogino ( tokyo metropolitan university ) part3 discussion 15 : 50-17 : 10 some opinion 15 : 50-16 : 10 tatsuo miyajima ( kyoto tachibana women 's university ) discussion 16 : 10-17 : 10 comments 17 : 10-17 : 30 ooki hayashi ( the national language research institute ) closing 17 : 30 welcoming buffet party 18 : 00-20 : 00 reception hall * some titles may change without notice . participants : the plenary session : researchers and interested audience of about 200 . we will also hold the session on the thesaurus and language study . secretariat of the international symposium the national language research institite 3 - 9-14 nishigaoka , kita - ku , tokyo 115 fax : + 81 - 3-3906 - 3530 , e - mail : nakano @ kokken . go . jp inquiries to fax : + 81 - 3-3906 - 3530 , e - mail yamazaki @ kokken . go . jp http : / / www . kokken . go . jp the national language research institute home page
",0
1630,"Subject: acceptability of english adjectives
 
 i am going to use a different marking system , a for acceptable , u for unacceptable , and there are none which i am unsure about . i have also added why they are unacceptable to me . by the way , i am a native of seattle . > dear linguists , > > about a week ago i posted the following query . > > > i am working on english adjectives . are the following sentences > > acceptable ? if acceptable , please mark them with a check . > > if not acceptable , please mark them with a cross . if uncertain > > or dubious , please mark them with a question mark . any > > comment is welcome . > > > a > ( 1 ) john was careful to lock the door . > u > ( 2 ) john was greedy to keep all the money to himself . ifyou change the preposition to for , then it 's acceptable to me > a > ( 3 ) john was worthy to be praised by them all . > a > ( 4 ) the place is convenient to visit . > a > ( 5 ) john is jealous that she succeeded . > a > ( 6 ) john was bored to hear her endless talk . > a > ( 7 ) john was confused to be told to do so many things at once . > a > ( 8 ) john was hurt to be insulted . > u > ( 9 ) i am eager that they should win . for them to win , jproblem with using a modal > a > ( 10 ) john was incredulous that mary put it into practice . > u > ( 11 ) mary is keen that we should go . british , again , keen is a problem for me , but i won't count that in deciding if it 's acceptable or not since it 's only a lexical difference . however , the ues of the modal here is wrong for me ( by the way , i spent a year in france teaching english in a french university , so i am familiar with the british system . > a > ( 12 ) it was heroic of them to oppose the invader . > u > ( 13 ) john was irresponsible to sabotage his duties . can't sabatoge duties > a > ( 14 ) it is significant that they worked as volunteers . > a > ( 15 ) it is sufficient to give him some money . > u > ( 16 ) it is not suitable to dress casual at a wedding reception . > casually > i have received 17 replies . i would like to thank those who gave > wme answers and comments . the following is the numbers of informants > who indicated respective acceptability in each sentence . > > acceptable dubious / unacceptable > uncertain > ( 1 ) 16 1 0 > ( 2 ) 7 4 6 > ( 3 ) 7 7 3 > ( 4 ) 15 1 1 > ( 5 ) 13 3 1 > ( 6 ) 8 2 7 > ( 7 ) 6 3 8 > ( 8 ) 7 2 8 > ( 9 ) 11 4 2 > ( 10 ) 15 2 0 > ( 11 ) 11 3 3 > ( 12 ) 16 0 1 > ( 13 ) 6 3 8 > ( 14 ) 17 0 0 > ( 15 ) 16 1 0 > ( 16 ) 10 1 6 > > part of discussion and analysis of this data will be presented by > professor katsumasa yagi ( kwansei gakuin university , japan ) at the > 24th lacus forum to be held at the university of york , toronto , > ontario , canada on 2nd august and in his subsequent papers . > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > atsuko umesaki ( tezukayama college ) > e-mail : sgs03312 @ niftyserve . or . jp > umesaki @ tezukayama-u . ac . jp > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
1631,"Subject: sum : quantification
 
 about four weeks ago , in linguist 8 . 948 , i asked a question on behalf of the basque language academy 's grammar commission about the standard or recommended scope of "" quantifier "" and "" quantification "" as grammatical terms , with special reference to the function of "" so many "" and "" so "" in sentences like : there were so many students that we needed a larger classroom . the students were so intelligent that we needed to get another teacher . i wished to know whether it is considered terminologically appropriate to say that not only "" many "" and "" so many "" but also "" very "" and "" so "" quantify , and thus that the function of all of these ( including what i call degree modifiers ) is quantification . better to contextualize the terminological problem that motivated the question in the first place and to help clarify the following report / discussion , let me suggest , ad hoc , calling the two positions contemplated the "" quantifiers versus degree modifiers "" position and the "" quantifiers subsuming degree modifiers "" position respectively ; or for short , the versus position and the subsuming position . it is also only honest for me to declare at this point that my personal position has always been and continues to be that of the versus view , although i tried to word the original question neutrally . at this point i perhaps ought to note that several respondents seem to prefer to treat "" so many ( students ) "" and "" so ( intelligent ) "" as merely various occurrences of a single item "" so "" rather than treating _ so many _ as an "" item "" to be discussed in its own right . i view this as a manifestation of linguistic anglocentrism : unlike english , in many languages "" so many "" is not expressed by the item equivalent to english "" so "" plus a quantifier equivalent to english "" many "" , and since i was not particularly asking about english in my question , i reject the assumption that the english lexical composition of "" so many "" is of crucial relevance to the issue i raised . thanks to the following who responded to my question : bruce d . despain , patricia galea , e . h . klein - v . d . laaken , jan k . lindstrom , p . l . peterson and marilyn n . silva . a summary of their answers and suggestions follows , with an interjection of my own personal opinion at times , identified by my initials ark . marilyn silva supports the versus position , stating that "" quantifiers determine noun phrases , not adjectives . "" for "" very "" and "" so "" she prefers the term "" intensifier "" to my proposed "" degree modifier "" . patricia galea expresses the same views . ( [ ark : ] since my original question was not about the latter terms , i shall refrain from defending my preference of "" degree modifier "" over "" intensifier "" in this context ; larry trask 's _ dictionary of grammatical terms in linguistics _ treats the two terms as interchangeble . ) marilyn silva also discussed what i called "" consecutive "" sentences , pointing out that the subordinate clauses in the two english examples cited above , "" . . . that we needed a larger classroom "" and "" . . . that we needed to get another teacher "" , are called "" adverbial clauses of extent "" in her treatment of english grammar , _ grammar in many voices _ ( ntc pub . group , 1995 ) . she considers that here "" it is the clause that seems to quantify , not the intensifier in the main clause "" . silva went on to point out that english clauses of extent can be licensed by a main clause containing _ so _ ( with or without _ many _ ) , as above , but also by one containing _ such _ , as in : george was such a gentleman that he never raised his voice . and draws our attention to the fact that _ such _ could hardly be called a quantifier . ( [ ark : ] this argument seems to be of general typological interest , independently of the fact that there is no real equivalent of this use of _ such _ in basque . ) in all these sentences with extent clauses , silva argues , "" it is the [ subordinate ] clause that seems to quantify , not the intensifier in the main clause . . . which merely licenses the subordinate clause . "" according to silva , then , _ so _ and _ such _ should not be lumped together with items like _ many _ or _ very _ in any case , in line with the view that they do not themselves quantify but merely license a subordinate clause which quantifies . looking beyond english , jan lindstrom pointed out that in swedish a single lexical item , _ mycket _ , functions both as a quantifier ( of nouns ) meaning "" much "" and as a degree modifier or intensifier of adjectives meaning "" very "" , providing the following examples : 1 ) da "" r fanns mycket folk . ' there was much people ' 2 ) hon a "" r mycket intelligent . ' she is very intelligent ' lindstrom does not seem to be defending a particular terminological usage in providing this observation , but merely wishes to offer useful information that may be of interest in the discussion . [ ark : ] it seems to me that while the interest of this sort of observation is undeniable , it does not obviate the need for a terminological distinction , nor does it justify the subsumes position , but rather illustrates the need for linguists to employ a clear meta-language to enable us to distinguish between items or uses even where , as here , their formal expressions overlap language-specifically . ( by the way , some other instances of the use of a single form for "" very "" and "" much "" include portuguese _ muito _ , catalan _ molt _ , and italian _ molto _ ; but i can think of many more languages that do not show this kind of overlap or homonymy . ) philip peterson wrote discussing in somewhat more abstract terms the actual semantics of terms like "" many "" and "" more "" , and referred me to his article "" complexly fractionated syllogistic quantifiers "" ( journal of philosophical logic , 1991 , 20 , 287-313 ) . bruce despain 's comments are oriented to language-specific issues of syntactic classification of quantifiers in english that are not likely to be relevant to a description of basque , for which reason i shall not report his suggestions here . henny klein brought to my attention the following bibliographical reference : gary , e . ( 1979 ) extent in english . a unified account of degree and quantity . phd thesis , university of california , los angeles . in summary , none of those who responded favoured the subsuming position according to which "" very "" and "" so "" can be referred to as quantifiers or their function as quantification ( unless that was what jan lindstrom wished to imply ; it is my understanding that it was not ) . four of the six answers do not actually lean one way or the other . the two answers that address my question directly and suggest an answer , those of silva and galea , both constitute votes for the versus position . eskerrik asko denoi ( many thanks to all ) alan r . king , ph . d . alanking @ bigfoot . com alternative email addresses : mccay @ redestb . es , a @ eirelink . com , 70244 . 1674 @ compuserve . com snail : orkolaga plaza 3 1a , 20800 zarautz , basque country , spain phone : + 34-43 - 134125 / fax : + 34-43 - 130396 visit my web page at - - > http : / / www . eirelink . com / alanking /
",0
1632,"Subject: summary : heavy onsets references
 
 original query :
",0
1633,"Subject: summary : vowel deletion between two like consonants
 
 quite some time ago , i wrote requesting information concerning instances of proper names where the pronunciation reflects a deletion of a vowel occuring between two like consonants in the spelling of the name . i cited such names as farrer [ fer ] worcester [ wust ^ r ] and leicester [ lest ^ r ] and had hoped to find a whole slew of other names exhibiting this phenomenon . unfortunately , i got no responses which dealt with proper nouns . however , i did get some interesting responses discussing how this occurs in hungarian , arabic , and english outside the realm of proper nouns . thanks to all who responded . sorry i did n't post sooner . it 's just that i had hoped to get something on proper nouns before replying . sincerely , david harris david harris david @ las-inc . com language analysis systems voice : ( 703 ) 834-6200 ext . 242 2214 rock hill road , suite 201 fax : ( 703 ) 834-6230 herndon , va 22070 original query : > i ' ve been thinking about names like worcester , leicester , and > gloucester which , though perhaps viewed by most of my fellow americans > as strange relics of british eccentricity , really do follow a simple > and straightforward phonological process where two like consonantal > continuants separated by a weak vowel ( in this case schwa ) are merged > into one by the deletion of this weak vowel . the same phenomenon > occurs with the name of a school in provo , utah which i attended as an > adolescent : > > farrer junior high school > this is pronounced "" fair "" ( or "" ferr "" if your accent makes a > difference between [ er ] and [ eir ] which mine does n't ) > > anyway , using a regular expression , i searched the 1990 us census > list of 80 , 000 surnames available on the web in order to find names > in which like consonants were separated by one vowel and came across > a few more from various language groups that may or may not be > examples of this . ( it 's hard to know when you can't have the names > pronounced for you as well as see them written . ) my question , then , > is this : > i would be interested in knowing in what other languages this > phenomenon occurs and with what other sounds . judging from some of > the names i encountered in my search , i suspect that it may occur in > japanese where [ i ] and [ u ] deletion causes two like consonants to be > connected together . also , in languages where word-internal gemination > is phonemic , i ' m curious as to whether simplification occurs as it > does in english or if the gemination retains its full phonological > value . please include as many examples as you can with your comments > and i will post a complete summary to the list . any other > observations about this phenomenon are also welcome . beginning of responses : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1 - subject : worcester here is a hungarian example : _ ko2zta1rsasa1g _ / ko / starsasa : g / fast / casual [ ko / stassa : g ] ` republic ' and another lexicalized one : _ azt hiszem _ / ast hisem / > [ asisem ] > [ assem ] ` that - acc believe - i ' i cannot think of examples with non-coronals , but that - i think _ has to do with statistics . symbols : o / = ipa slashed o ( round front mid vowel ) , s = eng sh a = round back low vowel e = ipa epsilon best , peter szigetvari szigetva @ osiris . elte . hu * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 2 - from : russell @ ukraine . corp . mot . com ( dale russell ) to : dharris @ las-inc . com phonological process - - worcester / gloucester / leicester > also , in languages where word-internal gemination is phonemic , i ' m > curious as to whether simplification occurs as it does in english > or if the gemination retains its full phonological value . does such simplification always occur in english ? does "" meanness "" rhyme exactly with "" venus "" ? i ' ve heard this example used to argue that english does make at least limited use of the concept of the mora , claiming that both / n / s in "" meanness "" get pronounced . dale russell russell @ ukraine . corp . mot . com * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 3 - subject : deleted vowel in response to your linguist posting : note that am . eng . speakers often delete the schwa between the / d / 's , so that "" where did he go "" becomes "" where 'd he go "" , and "" how did she do that "" becomes "" how 'd she do that "" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dan loehr "" wherever you go , there you are . "" georgetown university loehrd @ gusun . acc . georgetown . edu - buckaroo bonzai http : / / www . geocities . com / athens / 4944 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 - from : "" robert port "" < port @ cs . indiana . edu > deleted vs in eng to : dharris @ las-inc . com first syllable of farrer ? ? content - length : 503 vowel elision x - confirm - reading - to : cpeust @ gwdg . de x - pmrqc : 1 priority : normal look into arabic : the 3rd person singular of the perfect tense of verbs is most commonly formed cacaca ( c being the root consonants ) , e . g . kataba "" he wrote "" the first person of this verb is katabtu "" i wrote "" now verbs with two identical consonants behave irregularly : while the 1st person sg . of the verb "" to pass "" is marartu "" i passed "" , the 3rd person is marra "" he passed "" instead of the expected * marara . the same is true for many other semitic languages ( hebrew etc . ) . carsten peust seminar of egyptology and coptology goettingen cpeust @ gwdu20 . gwdg . de or cpeust @ gwdg . de
",0
1634,"Subject: diachrony and the minimalist program
 
 a few weeks ago i posted a query on the ' list regarding references for studies carried out within the framework of the minimalist program . thanks a lot for the answers and here are they are in a "" kind of "" shortened version : - ) . mark douglas arnold ( mdarnold @ wam . umd . edu ) offered his dissertation about the loss of verb movement in english of which a highly condensed versions can be found in the proceedings of nels 26 , and the proceedings of wccfl 15 . arnold , mark d . ( 1996 ) . double object constructions and indirect object passives : problems posed by history "" , in proceedings of wccfl 15 , pp . 1-15 . arnold , mark d . ( 1995a ) . case , periphrastic "" do "" , and the loss of verb movement in english "" . phd dissertation , university of maryland . arnold , mark d . ( 1995b ) . "" notations of economy in language chance : the spread of perphrastic "" do "" , in proceedings of nels 26 , pp . 121-134 . deborah arteaga ( darteaga @ nevada . edu ) has done some studies on old french within the framework of minimalism , of which i only list the newest ones , the others can be seen on her homepage , accessible through ( http : / / www . nscee . edu : 80 / unlv / colleges / college _ of _ liberal _ art / foreign _ languages / ) deborah artega ( to appear ) . sobre la construcci = f3n de complemento objeto doble en el franc = e9s antiguo , in : "" revista de filologia francesa de la universidad complutense de madrid "" . - / - . ( 1995 ) . on old french genitive constructions , selected proceedings from the twenty - second linguistic _ symposium on the romance languages , in "" contemporary research in romance linguistics : papers from the 22nd linguistic symposium on the romance languages , pp . 79 - 90 . - / - . ( 1995 ) on strong and weak possessives in old french , in : "" language quarterly 333 , pp . 67-80 . cassian braconnier ( cassian @ worldnet . net ) informed me about a book by jean - yves pollock which touches upon diachrony and mp . jean - yves pollock , langage et cognition , introduction au programme minimaliste de la grammaire generative , especially pages 148 , 153 , 160 and 166 . mark hale ( hale1 @ alcor . concordia . ca ) informed me about an article he is just about to finish , a book of his of which the syntax portion is written in the minimalism framework , as well as about an article in the nels : mark hale ( to appear ) the diachronic implications of mimimalism , in : "" interdisciplinary syntax "" - / - ( to appear ) , "" theory and method in historical linguistics "" , blackwell stefan frisch , ( 1995 ) , evidence for economy of projection in historical change , "" nels "" , vol 2 . p . 191 - 203 . henrik rosenkvist ( henrik rosenkvist @ nordlund . lu . se ) contributed : eithne guilfoyle ( 1995 ) infinitivals and the transparency principle revisited , in : "" nels "" , vol 2 . p . 205 - 209 . and luis silva - villar ( lsilvav @ ucla . edu ) told me about his dissertation : silva - villar , luis ( 1996 ) . enclisis in northwestern iberian languages : a diachronic theory . university of california , los angeles . thanks again to everyone for your contributions and interest . i ' ll eagerly accept further informations on diachrony and minimalism : - ) . susann
",0
1635,"Subject: re : 8 . 1082 , sum : english adjectives
 
 editor 's note : we received the following correction to 8 . 1082 , english adjectives . > > dear linguists , > > about a week ago i posted the following query . > > > i am working on english adjectives . are the following sentences > > acceptable ? if acceptable , please mark them with a check . > > if not acceptable , please mark them with a cross . if uncertain > > or dubious , please mark them with a question mark . any > > comment is welcome . > > > > ( 1 ) john was careful to lock the door . + > > ( 2 ) john was greedy to keep all the money to himself . + > > ( 3 ) john was worthy to be praised by them all . > > ( 4 ) the place is convenient to visit . > > ( 5 ) john is jealous that she succeeded . > > ( 6 ) john was bored to hear her endless talk . > + > ( 7 ) john was confused to be told to do so many things at once . ? > > ( 8 ) john was hurt to be insulted . > > ( 9 ) i am eager that they should win . > > ( 10 ) john was incredulous that mary put it into practice . > > ( 11 ) mary is keen that we should go . > > ( 12 ) it was heroic of them to oppose the invader + > > ( 13 ) john was irresponsible to sabotage his duties . > > ( 14 ) it is significant that they worked as volunteers . > > ( 15 ) it is sufficient to give him some money . + > ( 16 ) it is not suitable to dress casual at a wedding reception . > sorry , some problems with signs ! + means not acceptable , nothing means acceptable . best , rod .
",0
1636,"Subject: re : 8 . 1098 , qs : french , chinese poetry , bannock
 
 > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - message 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > date : sat , 26 jul 1997 20 : 23 : 41 - 0400 > from : ewb2 @ cornell . edu ( e . wayles browne ) > subject : question for french speakers > > in english one can distinguish two different placements of an adverb > with two different readings : > > ( 1 ) the conflict is not clearly an international problem . "" perhaps > the conflict is an international problem , perhaps it is not an > international problem ; whether it is an international problem or not > is not clear . "" > > ( 2 ) the conflict is clearly not an international problem . "" the > conflict is not an international problem . that is clear . "" > > in french , does > > ( 3 ) le conflit n ' est clairement pas un probl = e8me international . have > the meaning of ( 1 ) or ( 2 ) or both ? are there other possible placements > of _ clairement _ which would have a meaning differing from that of ( 3 ) ? rejean canac marquis , uqam ( linguistics ) & simon fraser university ( french dept ) clearly , sentence ( 3 ) has the meaning ( 2 ) , not ( 1 ) . if clairement is after pas , then meaning ( 1 ) takes over . this is of course without special stress or break . hope this is hopeful . best , rcm .
",0
1637,"Subject: re : 8 . 1107 , qs : lang . games , "" democratic , "" word change
 
 dear mr . ungar : is us congress incorrect ? any noun can modify another noun . but the heart of your question is that employment of democratic makes most people associate feelings deriving from the political process : democratic elections , etc . most republicans would hardly utter an unfavorable word about "" democracy "" though its origins are hardly as uncontroversial . democrat calls forth associations with figures in the democratic party , many of whom are personally unlikable or do not enjoy reputations for integrity or ethics . so the republican strategy is actually quite clever . particularly in view of the fact that the republic party would call forth the same positive associations since our electorate is blissfully unaware of the significant differences between the two forms of government . the democrats used to try to do something similar with "" party of nixon "" , "" party of hoover "" but since educational decline in this country , how many high school graduates know who hoover or nixon were ? it is a dilemma for propagandists ! pat
",0
1638,"Subject: call : spanish in us / contact
 
 call for papers 7th unm conference on ibero - american culture & society : "" spanish and portuguese in contact with other languages "" jointly with 16th conference on spanish in the united states 12-14 february 1998 university of new mexico , albuquerque usa * - * - * in celebration of the 400th anniversary of the founding * - * - * * - * - * - * of the first spanish settlement in new mexico in 1598 * - * - * plenary speakers : carol a . klee ( university of minnesota ) ana roca ( florida international university ) papers dealing with any aspect of spanish in the u . s . or of spanish or portuguese in contact with other languages are welcome . oral presentations will be limited to twenty minutes . the deadline for receipt of abstracts ( maximum of 500 words ) is november 15 , 1997 . abstracts may be submitted by e-mail or regular mail . e - mail abstracts : place all identifying information ( name , address , telephone number ) along with title of paper at the beginning of the message , followed by three blank lines , the title repeated , and the abstract . regular mail abstracts : 3 copies of abstract with title and no identifying information , with accompanying 3x5 card with paper title and author 's name , address , and telephone number or email address . send abstracts or requests for additional information to : 1998 conference department of spanish and portuguese university of new mexico albuquerque , nm 87131 usa e-mail : spanish @ unm . edu telephone : ( 505 ) 277-5907 fax : ( 505 ) 277-3885 web : http / / : www . unm . edu / ~ spanish
",0
1639,"Subject: job
 
 postdoc at ben - gurion university , beer - sheva , israel : to work with nomi erteschik - shir and tova rapoport on verbal projection and focus . project funded by the israel science foundation . preference for candidate with an interest in the syntax / lexical-semantics interface . beginning november 1st , 1997 for one to two years . applicants should send ( by e-mail ) cv , names of three references , and samples of their work to : nomi erteschik - shir home : 972 - 7-6469482 department of foreign literatures and linguistics work : 972 - 7-6461117 ben gurion university of the negev 972 - 7-6461128 p . o . box 653 , beer sheva , israel fax : 972 - 7-6472907
",0
1640,"Subject: research studentship in cross-cultural pragmatics
 
 lancaster university modern languages / linguistics research studentship in cross-cultural pragmatics the lancaster university consortium - universities of central lancashire , lancaster , sheffield , university college of st . martin , lancaster and homerton college , cambridge - has been awarded 247k from the h . e . f . c . e f . d . t . l . for a 3 - year project on ' developing inter-cultural and socio-linguistic competence in university students undertaking periods of study and work abroad : the identification and dissemination of good practice ' . suitably qualified graduates wishing to pursue a 3 - year phd research programme monitoring / analysing the project are invited to apply for a research studentship of 5000 + fees p . a . for the year beginning 1 october 1997 , at lancaster university . applications by 25 august to r . h . crawshaw , french studies , lancaster university , la1 4yn , england . further details from rosemary anderson at the same address - 01524 592669 - e-mail r . anderson @ lancs . ac . uk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ lancaster university modern languages / linguistics cross-cultural pragmatics enquiry - project officers the lancaster university consortium - universities of central lancashire , lancaster , sheffield , university college of st . martin , lancaster and homerton college , cambridge - has been awarded 247 , 000 from the h . e . f . c . e . f . d . t . l . for a 3 - year project on ' developing inter-cultural and socio-linguistic competence for periods of study and work abroad : the identification and dissemination of good practice in student support and guidance ' . applications are invited for two posts of project officer , one full-time , one 0 . 5 - time , starting 1 september 1997 or soon after . project officers will be based at lancaster and responsible , under the director , for administering and helping devise the project . together with experience of residence in europe and fluency in at least one of french , german , spanish or italian , the ideal candidates will also have computer and communication skills and organisational experience . initial salary 15 , 159 pounds . applications , by 18 august , to personnel services , lancaster university , la1 4yw , from whom also further particulars are available .
",0
1641,"Subject: anglicization of composers ' names
 
 judging from the return post , i must have sounded like some kind of self-proclaimed expert on composers ' names . let me hasten to say that i ' m not . all the pronunciations i put in that little list came as surprises to me . in all cases but one , they were given to me by native speakers of the composers ' language , while i was visiting the composers ' native country . i do n't speak any of those languages and certainly do not claim any expertise . i ' ve just been trusting "" competent native speakers "" . the one exception , by the way , was when karl haas , on one of his daily "" adventures in good music "" broadcasts , asserted that pachelbel should be pronounced pach - el - bel . based on karl 's provenance i was inclined to trust him . but perhaps i ' ve gone overboard taking natives ' pronunciations as gospel . after all , we americans certainly manage to mangle enough of our own words , do n't we ? sorry for any consternation i may have caused . i ' ve certainly gotten an education from this . cheers , gordon brown
",0
1642,"Subject: computer - mediated conversation
 
 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = call for manuscripts : computer-mediated conversation there is room for one or two additional high-quality chapters in a collection i am editing entitled computer-mediated conversation . this will be the first book devoted entirely to linguistic and conversation analytic approaches to computer - mediated communication . the collection is currently being considered for publication by oxford university press . at the present time , contributions are specifically sought which analyze some form of computer-mediated communication from a conversation analysis ( ca ) perspective . contents : contributions may analyze any genre of verbal exchange that takes place via computer networks , including private e-mail , listserv discussion groups , bulletin board systems , computer conferencing systems , chat , muds and moos , and multi-media systems . contributions should report empirical , data-driven research carried out using methods of conversation analysis . possible areas of focus include speech acts and act sequences , turn taking , adjacency pairs , responses , alignment , repairs , and topic organization . in addition , all contributions should address in some way the question : to what extent are the observed properties of the discourse conditioned by the computer medium , and to what extent do they reflect social or other factors that may also be present in face-to - face communication ? submission information : manuscripts should be 15-20 single-spaced pages in length , including references and appendices , and should follow the formatting style for the oxford studies in sociolinguistics series ( for example , biber and finnegan 's _ sociolinguistic perspectives on register _ , published in 1994 ) . submissions should be in the form of a hard copy plus a 3 1 / 2 "" macintosh - readable diskette containing the file saved in its original format , as well as in ms word for macintosh ( version 4 or 5 ) . the hard copy and the diskette should be mailed to the volume editor , susan herring , at the following address : susan herring program in linguistics university of texas arlington , tx 76019 usa deadlines : potential authors are requested to inform the volume editor of their intention to submit by e-mail prior to august 30 , and to submit their manuscripts by september 15 , 1997 . about the editor : susan herring is an associate professor of linguistics at the university of texas at arlington who has published numerous articles on computer-mediated communication since she first began presenting her research in this area in 1992 . she is also the editor of an interdisciplinary collection entitled _ computer - mediated communication : linguistic , social and cross - cultural perspectives _ ( john benjamins , 1996 ) and guest editor of a special issue of the _ electronic journal of communication _ ( vol . 6 , no . 3 ) on the topic of "" computer - mediated discourse analysis "" . for further information : inquiries regarding this project may be e-mailed to the editor at susan @ ling . uta . edu . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = please forward this call to anyone who might be interested !
",0
1643,"Subject: wccfl 1998 call for papers
 
 wccfl xvii west coast conference on formal linguistics university of british columbia february 20-22 , 1998 call for papers abstracts are invited for 20 - minute talks in all areas of linguistics from any theoretical perspective . there will be two special sessions in addition to the main program . abstracts may be submitted to the main program or either of the special sessions . * special sessions : interfaces * invited speakers will be presenting at the following 2 special sessions : lisa selkirk , umass : phonology / syntax interface angelika kratzer , umass : syntax / semantics interface abstract requirements abstracts should be no more than one standard size page in length with the option of including an additional page for data and references . abstracts should be in at least 11 - point type with 1 - inch margins , single-spaced . please mail ten anonymous copies as well as a 3 "" x 5 "" index card with the following information : title name of author ( s ) mailing address affiliation ( s ) area ( phonology , syntax , semantics . . . ) phone number ( optional ) e-mail address ( optional ) please specify on your index card if you are submitting your abstract to either of the special sessions . submissions are limited to 1 individual and 1 joint abstract per author . please do not send abstracts by e-mail . * abstracts must be received by november 14 , 1997 * abstracts should be sent to : wccfl xvii committee department of linguistics university of british columbia e270-1866 main mall vancouver , british columbia canada v6t 1z1 information will be made available at the wccfl web site : http : / / www . interchange . ubc . ca / msr / wccfl . html /
",0
1644,"Subject: forwarded : ucla jobs / temporary ( 97-98 )
 
 ucla jobs / temporary ( 97-98 ) priority normal the ucla department of linguistics expects to have several short-term jobs available teaching various courses in the coming academic year ( 1997-98 ) . most of the positions are in the area of syntax , though we will hire in other areas too . these are all replacement positions , for faculty who are on leave , and there is no realistic prospect of any of them developing into permanent positions . some of the courses that need to be taught are undergraduate classes , while others are graduate classes . at least three , and possibly as many as five courses will involve syntax courses at various levels , ranging from introductory undergraduate syntactic analysis to advanced graduate seminars . our most pressing need in these areas is during the fall and winter quarters ( see below for an outline of quarter dates ) . in addition , we may need an instructor for two lower-division introductory courses in general linguistics in the winter and / or spring quarters ; one of these is a generic intro to linguistics ; the other is a course surveying the languages spoken in the usa , including immigrant languages , american indian languages , and dialects of english and spanish , covering phonetics , history , and sociolinguistic issues , among others . finally , we will have openings for advanced graduate courses in some of the subfields represented in our department - - such as phonology , phonetics , psycholinguistics , computational ling . , syntax , semantics , specific language areas ( such as african , american indian , etc . ) for these advanced graduate courses , we are primarily interested in hiring relatively senior people with established reputations ( e . g . people who are on leave and who are interested in visiting ucla ) , though more junior applicants will also be considered . because we have a large number of courses available for visitors to teach next year , we are quite flexible in terms of the type and level of appointments . in particular , we may be interested in hiring some people for single-course lectureships ( paying in the neighborhood of $ 7 , 000 to $ 10 , 000 per 10 - week course , depending on seniority ) ; we may also consider full-time appointments for periods of one or two terms , with a courseload of 2 courses per term , and pay levels per course roughly comparable to those mentioned above . finally , we may make appointments with less than full-time teaching loads ( e . g . teaching one course and co-teaching another ) . these visiting positions are not restricted as to rank . we are especially interested in hiring faculty from other universities who plan to be on leave during ( part of ) the coming academic year and who may be interested in visiting our department for part of the year and teaching a course ( or two ) while they are here . each course runs for ten weeks ( with two 2 - hour lectures per week ) followed by an exam week . applicants should send a letter of application , including a cv , a statement of previous teaching experience , as well as the names , addresses , and phone numbers of three recommenders to : tim stowell ( chair ) , department of linguistics , ucla , los angeles , ca 90095-1543 . ( actual letters of recommendation should not be sent at this time ; likewise candidates should not send voluminous dossiers of publications , etc . ) applications for fall quarter courses should be received by aug . 15 1997 , and applications for winter and spring quarter courses should be received by sept . 10 1997 , though late applications will also be considered as long as the positions remain unfilled . potential applicants are strongly encouraged to inform us by e-mail , as soon as possible , of their intention to apply for these positions . initial enquiries by email may be directed to tim stowell ( stowell @ ucla . edu ) or to anna meyer ( meyer @ humnet . ucla . edu ) . ucla is an equal opportunity employer . - - - - - - - - - - tim stowell chair , ucla department of linguistics 405 hilgard ave . los angeles , ca 90095-1543 usa phone : 1-310 - 825-0634 fax : 1-310 - 206-5743 e - mail : stowell @ ucla . edu
",0
1645,"Subject: question on a word - reply
 
 many thanks for the replies ! in particular , i ' ll pass on the reference suggestions . i should probably be slightly more specific about what we ' re looking for : a word ( again , my friend writing the dissertation believes one exists ) that would fit in the sentence : "" word x has / is [ xxxx ] with the normal usage of word y . "" or else : "" these people have [ xxxx ] the meanings of word x and word y . "" that is , we ' re not looking for examples of x and y , or for a description of the general phenomenon of x changing meaning or having a special ( argot or jargon ) meaning , but we want to know if there is a term [ xxxx ] which would accurately indicate that x and y are being used synonymously when they are not normally synonyms . . . the specific x and y in question here are "" marriage "" and "" home "" ( yes , i do realize that "" marriage "" and "" home "" overlap a lot in their usage anyway ; i ' m not familiar enough with my friend 's topic to know exactly what she 's arguing , but i believe it involves a particular couple 's development of an individual and idiosyncratic concept of marriage , which at times becomes , um , blended ? with their concept of home to the extent that they will use either word to refer to it . . . something like that . regardless , you can tell from my attempt to state the question why a word is needed . . . : - ) replies by email please ( i ' m not a regular reader of these lists ) . and thanks again . jonathan gilbert jong @ dragonsys . com > > > peter t . daniels < grammatim @ worldnet . att . net > 07 / 29 / 97 06 : 45pm > > > an example would help , but it sounds like you ' re talking about jargon , slang , or argot ( idiosyncratic language varieties defined according to the user group ; see textbooks of sociolinguistics ) . > > > deborah d k ruuskanen < druuskan @ cc . helsinki . fi > 07 / 30 / 97 12 : 00am > > > words used in separate contexts changing meaning ? i should imagine there are quite a lot , particular if you think of american / british differences . [ . . snip ] > > > carsten breul < upp20a @ ibm . rhrz . uni-bonn . de > 07 / 30 / 97 05 : 06am > > > in david crystal 's _ the cambridge encyclopedia of language _ ( cambridge : cup , 1987 ) , there are descriptions of situations resp . phenomena which might be close to what you ' re friend is looking for . [ examples snipped ] > > > > > > > [ the original question : ] > > > > > . . . the question is on behalf of another friend who is working on a dissertation ( not on a linguistics topic , it 's social history of a sort ) ; she wants to describe a situation in which the usage of one word ( in a particular context , by a small group of people ) has diverged enough from its standard usage that it has become interchangeable with another word , normally either different or unrelated in meaning . my friend believes there is a word for this phenomenon , but nobody we ' ve asked so far has been able to identify it . . . does anyone out there know ? jonathan gilbert jong @ dragonsys . com
",0
1646,"Subject: ccall / celao 3
 
 dear colleague , the following is the first call for papers for the ccall 3 conference , which will be held next june . please forward it to any other colleagues you believe might be interested . thank you . cher ( e ) collegue , voici le premier appel de communications pour le colloque celao 3 , qui aura lieu au mois de juin prochain . veuillez avoir l ' obligeance de le faire parvenir a d ' autres collegues qui pourraient s ' y interesser . merci d ' avance . ian m . richmond . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ccall 3 / celao 3 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # troisieme congres canadien sur l ' enseignement des langues assiste par ordinateur third canadian conference on computer - assisted language learning 25-27 june , 1998 / 25-27 juin 1998 universite sainte - anne pointe - de-l ' eglise , n . - e . / church point , ns call for papers the third canadian conference on computer - assisted language learning will be held at universite sainte - anne , church point , nova scotia from 25 to 27 june 1998 . presentations , software demonstrations and poster sessions , in english or french , are invited on all aspects of computer-assisted language learning . papers and demonstrations will be limited to 20 minutes , plus 10 minutes allocated to questions and discussion . please submit a 200-250 word summary , preferably by e-mail , to the address given below no later than 30 november , 1997 . presenters will be notified by 15 march 1998 . appel de communications le troisieme congres canadien sur l ' enseignement assiste par ordinateur se deroulera les 25 , 26 et 27 juin 1998 a l ' universite sainte - anne , pointe - de-l ' eglise , nouvelle - ecosse . nous sollicitons des communications , des demonstrations de logiciels et des presentations par affiches , en francais ou en anglais , sur tout aspect de l ' enseignement des langues assiste par ordinateur . les communications et les demonstrations ne devront pas depasser 20 minutes afin de permettre une periode de 10 minutes consacree aux interventions . veuillez soumettre , par courrier electronique si possible , un resume de 200 a 250 mots a l ' adresse ci-apres avant le 30 novembre 1997 . toute decision concernant les soumissions sera rendue le 15 mars 1998 au plus tard . ian m . richmond ian m . richmond vrer vp ( academic and research ) universite sainte - anne universite sainte - anne pointe - de-l ' iglise , n . s . church point , ns b0w 1m0 b0w 1m0 telephone : ( 902 ) 769-2114 telephone : ( 902 ) 769-2114 telecopieur : ( 902 ) 769-3120 fax : ( 902 ) 769-3120 richmond @ ustanne . ednet . ns . ca http : / / ustanne - 59 . ustanne . . ednet . ns . ca
",0
1647,"Subject: need word lists
 
 hi ! i have a program that generates bizarre poetry with an accompanying file of words . i am looking for word lists out on the net . lists of nouns , adjectives , verbs , adverbs , conjunctions , etc . also , if you know of any word lists by topic : computer , science , drama , art , agric-sci , plz let me know where these are on the net . thanks ! gloria mcmillan * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * gmcmillan @ east . pima . edu http : / / pimacc . pima . edu / ~ gmcmillan / index . html virtual classroom : diversity university moo telnet > 128 . 18 . 101 . 106 8888 login as : co guest type : @ go # 2673 * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - *
",0
1648,"Subject: estuary english ( fwd )
 
 my name is ines dellarole , and i ' m trying to find a book which name is supposed to be : "" who speaks estuary ? we are from del salvador university in buenos aires , argentina . if you have some information related to it , i will appreciate if you send it to me , by e-mail , or by mail . thanking you in advance . best regards , i . dellarole < inespat @ satlink . com > av . rivadavia 2207 5to . i . 1034 buenos aires , argentina .
",0
1649,"Subject: jireem @ utxvms . cc . utexas . edu
 
 does anyone have a term for the experience of looking at a printed word long enough or saying it out loud enough times so that it loses all semantic associations and becomes an absurd sequence of letters or sound ? either an accepted term or a more personal working term will do . respond to me directly and i ' ll summarize to the list . thanks , michael erard dept . of english ut - austin jireem @ utxsvs . cc . utexas . edu
",0
1650,"Subject: on line versions of newspapers
 
 dear readers of the linguist list , as we are planning a research project which is going to address itself to the phenomenon of on line versions of newspapers and magazines ( from a linguistic , semiotic and media-studies point of view , but also from a psychological and information-technological perspective ) , we would like to know whether there are any colleagues out there who deal with a similar subject . we are in the know about some people and some projects , but we suspect there must be more people who share an interest in this highly topical issue , however do n't know of one another 's existence and engagement in the matter . we would be only too pleased to make contact with those people , i . e . with . . . you ! prof . dr . martin stegu chair of applied linguistics technical university of chemnitz d-09107 chemnitz germany e-mail : martin . stegu @ phil . tu-chemnitz . de
",0
1651,"Subject: indoeuropean courses listed by universities ( fall 1997 )
 
 the titus project & the indogermanische gesellschaft present indoeuropean courses listed by universities ( fall 1997 ) see http : / / titus . uni-frankfurt . de / curric / idg-ws 97 . html
",0
1652,"Subject: thanks to our subscribers
 
 dear linguist list : the time has come for us to once more send out a general mailing , but this missive is much more fun to compose than a call for funds . instead , we thank all those who recently contributed to the maintenance and expansion of the list . because of your generous donations we have been able to hire several new student editors . elaine halleck , marty jacobsen , brett churchill , julie smith , and anita huang will take care of the ever-expanding functions associated with the linguist network . two private donors in particular must be thanked , since linguist 's fund increased by $ 8000 through their signal efforts . linguist and linguistics are in their debt ; by meeting our funding goals , we can continue to grow and better serve the linguistics community . in addition to offering more services to more people , linguist will soon provide * better * service due to the support of the linguistics data consortium . ldc came to our rescue this spring by donating a new sun ultra mainframe computer . this machine will shortly be hosting our email lists , solving the posting problems we all suffered through earlier this year . the consortium also must be sincerely thanked . to conclude , linguist again thanks all of you who responded to our last call for funds , and those who have donated in previous drives . your contributions have provided and will continue to provide the linguistics community with a forum essential to the discipline . we ' ve listed contributors to date below . 1997 contributors valued supporters ( $ 50 and under ) anonymous galina alexandrova lloyd anderson ( ecological linguistics ) paula baird robert beard mayrine bentley cassian braconnier joaquim brandao de carvalho carsten breul deborah brownstein claudia brugman r . joe campbell linda coleman anthony davis dorothy disterheft jean - louis duchet suzette haden elgin david eddington feride erku dominique estival susan felshin luisanna fodde robert fouser louanna furbee judith fuller elly van gelderen keith goeringer claire gronemeyer alan harris fritz heberlein suzanne hilgendorf caitlin hines david holt alice horning elizabeth hughes bernhard hurch frances ingemann martha islas elaine jones marion kee andrew kehler suzanne kemmer jong - mi kim carolyn kirkpatrick micael kliffer john koontz knud lambrecht young - h lee judith levi joan levinson vern lindblad virginia locastro fernando martinez - gil ana maria martins bart mathias madeline m . maxwell scott mcginnis sue medeiros anita mittwoch simon musgrave michael newman lynn nichols richard oehrle fernando ordonez susan pintzuk terence potter burton rosner lynn santelmann mary schleppegrell andreas schramm klaus schubert carol myers scotton antonio r . m . simoes jim sneddon susan steele roland sussex jan - olof svantesson robert l . trammell u . of michigan linguistics dept . jeff von munkwitz - smith barbara vance joerg wagner kathleen m . ward frank wijnen patrons ( $ 50 or more ) : anonymous anders ahlqvist belinda bicknell & gary witus wayles brown claudia brugman cascadilla press donna christian billy clark bernard comrie hortensia curell mary dalrymple douglas l . dee stanley dubinsky dept . of linguistics , university of durham william edmondson dan everett julia falk joseph foster donald freeman nancy frishberg kazuhiko fukushima richard hudson barbara herrarte michael hess roderick jacobs dora johnson ioanna kappa hans kronning indiana university press linguistique africaine ( via cassian braconnier ) ernest mccarus jerry mcmenamin geoff nathan barbara pearson ingo plag linda stump rashidi robert ratcliffe ann reboul recherches linguistiques de vincennes lisa reed nikolaus ritt charles scott carlota smith ute smit university of maine linguistics dept . max wheeler ronnie wilbur mainstays ( $ 100 or more ) : graeme forbes vicki fromkin bruce fraser monica macaulay & joseph salmons marguerite mackenzie johanna nichols sergio scalise chi - lin shih and richard sproat frances trix blackwells publishing center for applied linguistics cornell university press csli garland publishing holland academic graphics indiana university linguistics club john benjamins publishing , north america kluwers publishing linguistic society of america the lucent foundation ( via chilin shih and richard sproat ) media enterprise michigan state university , linguistics dept . mit press mitwpl ( mit working papers in linguistics ) montclair university , dept . of linguistics ndt media oxford university press routledge summer institute of linguistics university of north texas , division of linguistics university of connecticut , linguistics club mouton de gruyter
",0
1653,"Subject: qs : a question from ask - a-linguist
 
 hi there ! i am sure you all know about the marvelous service that "" ask - a-linguist "" offers to the public . we received the following request on july 14 and until last night , there was no answer to it :
",0
1654,"Subject: computational linguistics : the altavista "" refine "" option
 
 a colleague of mine told me about the "" refine "" option offered by the altavista search engine ( http : / / www . altavista . digital . com / ) and how good it was . in a nutshell , the "" refine "" options returns a list of synonyms of , and notions related to the words in your query . indeed , it gave extremely sensible responses . perversely perhaps , i tried it in french , using "" vin "" ( what else ! ) as the keyword . bingo . this is what it returned : 72 % etait , etre , annees , meme , apres , etaient , derniers 59 % egalement , particulierement , differentes , possibilite 52 % qualite , vins , vin , vignoble , vigne , crus , vignes , vignerons , vigneron [ etc . . . ] far from satisfactory . "" eau "" and "" pain "" returned similar nonsense , featuring "" etaient "" , "" etre "" , "" egalement "" et alia in prominent positions . in fact , altavista "" refine "" seems decidedly adverse to foodstuff in french , "" fruit "" , "" poisson "" and "" sandwich "" failing equally miserably ( so did "" sable "" , "" mer "" , "" lac "" ) . so i was quite surprised when italian queries about "" wine "" returned sensible synonyms : 60 % vino , vini , vigneti , uve 40 % quantita , ettari , vitigni 39 % sapore , profumo , invecchiamento [ etc . ] "" acqua "" and "" pane "" fared equally well . so i turned my attention to spanish . spanish did quite as badly as french . this is quite puzzling for the size of the spanish data is quite large . i do n't know what inspired me , i decided to ask for an italian sandwich ( "" panino "" ) . bingo again ! 60 % perche , chissa , guardo , cazzo , sembrava , poiche , merda , riposto [ yes , unbelievable but true ] 54 % mangiare , specialta , birra , mangia , roba , piatti , gusti , soldi , bere 33 % avevo , scusa , aveva , stavo , rispose , facevano [ etc . ] my colleague and i scratched our collective heads , experimented some more , and came to the conclusion that the thesauri are built by a neural net ( she is heavily into neural nets ) . still , the excellent behaviour of the english thesaurus was suspect . but no , experimenting demonstrated that it could not have been a hand-crafted thesaurus . there are ways of "" salting "" a neural net and that is probably what digital did for english ( and perhaps for italian ) . do take a break and experiment a bit with altavista "" refine "" option in your favourite languages ( polish was as nonsensical as french ) . it is quite amusing . and perhaps useful : next time someone knocks at your door with a neural net for sale . . . ( i have seen queries for "" kentucky fried chicken "" return "" chicken sexers "" , "" waste burners "" and "" singing teachers "" , courtesy of a neural net ) . j . guy @ trl . telsta . com . au
",0
1655,"Subject: adjectives , terminology , follow-up
 
 colleagues , yesterday 's question about needing a term for a distinction in adjective use yielded lots of helpful responses . the terms i ' ll settle on are "" relational "" and "" qualitative "" . thanks especially to robert beard . ( economic is mainly relational ; economical is mainly qualitative ; educational in ' educational institution ' is relational ; in ' educational experience ' it 's qualitative ; etc . ) chuck fillmore - = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = charles j . fillmore , university of california , berkeley , ca 94720 fillmore @ icsi . berkeley . edu office in icsi : 510 642 4274 extension 314
",0
1656,"Subject: sum : ocr software
 
 a couple of weeks back i posted a query about ocr software for the mac that is trainable enough to be useful to a linguist scanning latin or ipa - based non - english texts . thanks to jakob dempsey sarah rilling michael betsch andrew arefiev marc fryd and daniel loehr for their responses . in the mac world , it appears that the front-runner in this area is the widely-available omnipage programme from caere corporation ( http : / / www . caere . com for info ) . it is apparently trainable although one respondent expressed some doubts about being able to train it to handle more than a single special font . i should also mention that the first sales rep i talked to previously about omnipage seemed to think that it might have trouble with the combinations of letters and diacrits typical of ipa - based alphabets . however , the publicity literature on the web site seems to imply that it can be trained to recognize combinations of separate characters and the last sales rep i talked to seemed to think that there was no doubt that omnipage could do the job . jakob dempsey also mentioned an "" expensive kurzweil product "" for the mac , but i have n't heard anything further about this . i also got two responses that mentioned windows - based applications that are highly trainable . one is a german product called optopus made by a german company called makrolog in wiesbaden which is "" exclusively trainable "" - - that is , it needs to be trained from scratch and so can be configured to any alphabet you like . the other is by a russian company called bit software ( www . bitsoft . ru ) ; their programme is called finereader and in addition to having a wide range of set alphabets for langauges using both latin and cyrillic , they report having sucessfully trained it to recognize icelandic and tibetan fonts ) . david beck = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = david beck department of linguistics sixth floor , robarts library 130 st . george st . university of toronto toronto , ontario m5s 3h1 canada e-mail : dbeck @ chass . utoronto . ca phone : ( 416 ) 978-4029 ( 416 ) 923-2394 ( home ) fax : ( 416 ) 971-2688
",0
1657,"Subject: job : indonesian / asian studies
 
 lecturer ( indonesian / asian studies ) ( ref : a41 / 97 ) school of asian studies university of western australia applications are invited for appointment to the above position for a fixed term period of 3 years with prospects of re-appointment or for a tenurable appointment . ( substantial tertiary teaching experience and publications will be a prerequisite for a tenurable position . ) the appointee will have the ability to teach both indonesian language and inter-disciplinary asian studies courses focusing on contemporary society and culture . candidates must be fluent in both indonesian and english and have completed , or be close to completing , a phd degree on an aspect of indonesian language , society or culture . some experience of teaching indonesian language and / or asian studies at tertiary level is necessary , as are research publications or demonstrated potential . the ability to assume administrative responsibilities for the indonesian programme , as required , is desirable . the position will be available from 1 january 1998 . applicants with teaching experience are requested to submit a teaching portfolio as part of their application . for further information and copies of the selection criteria please contact professor beverley hooper on telephone ( 08 ) 9380 2080 or fax ( 08 ) 9380 1167 or email astudies @ cyllene . uwa . edu . au . details of the school 's programmes are available on http : / / www . arts . uwa . edu . au / aswww / salary range : lecturer level b $ 45 , 194 - $ 53 , 669 p . a . closing date : 5 september 1997 benefits include superannuation , fares to perth ( if applicable ) for appointee and dependent family , removal allowance ( if applicable ) study leave and long service leave . conditions of appointment will be specified in any offer of appointment which may be made as a result of this advertisement . written applications quoting reference number , telephone number , qualifications and experience and the names , addresses ( including email ) and fax / telephone numbers of 3 referees should reach the director , human resources , the university of western australia , nedlands wa 6907 , by the closing date . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * reader 's of linguist might note that uwa also has a separate linguistics program in the centre for linguistics . . http : / / www . arts . uwa . edu . au / lingwww / this comment is not an official part of the advertisement : ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
1658,"Subject: re : code - switching
 
 hello everyone . i want to apologize for not posting this update sooner . i wanted to thank those from the list who responded to my code-switching post in march . ( literature [ spanish - english in the united states linguist issue 8 . 1072 ] ) thanks again to jeff yowell , carol myers - scotton , alex zheltuhin , kenya dworkin , john konopak and fernanda ferreir . judith judith rojas colorado state university judith @ lamar . colostate . edu
",0
1659,"Subject: on line conference
 
 on line conference "" speech syntesis and analisis "" october 16-26 1997 dear colleaque , electronic journal "" web journal of formal , computational & cognitive linguistics "" ( http : / / www . ksu . ru / kazan / science / fccl / index . html ) is go - ing to held an on-line conference "" speech syntesis and analisis "" . all the materials will put on the web site of the journal . after the con - ference the materials of the conference are to be published in the journal . the editorial board of the journal is in charge for all re - viewing & moderation . submission & review procedures : paper selection and review procedures will be similar to those of a regular conference . all text must be in ascii . papers must be sent to < speech . list @ ksu . ru > . the first 3 lines of the message should consist of your name your email address the title of the paper our time-frame is : deadline for papers : september 20 , 1997 final program announced : october 10 , 1997 participation in the on-line conference will be carried out on the list speech . list that has been created for that purpose . to subscribe to this list , send the following message to < speech . list @ ksu . ru > : subscribe speech . list yourfirstname yourlastname for example : subscribe speech . list bill gates once you have received confirmation of your subscription , you may send messages to < speech . list @ ksu . ru > , and you will automatically receive all new messages sent to the list . a record of all message received will be maintained on a specific web page at the conference site . par - ticipants may send their comments and questions by means of the speech . list . everyone subscribed to the list will receive these messa - ges . if you wish to leave the list , send the following message to < speech . list @ ksu . ru > : unsubscribe speech . list < firstname lastname > . at the end of the conference , participants will be automatically un - subscribed from the speech . list . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - valery solovyev editor "" web journal of formal , computational & cognitive linguistics "" kazan state university , dep . computer science , kazan , 420008 , russia e - mail : solovyev @ open . ksu . ras . ru - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
1660,"Subject: ucla dept . of linguistics 96-97 job & fellowship bulletin # 27 ( fwd )
 
 editor ' s note : some of these jobs have already been posted to the list . august 1 , 1997 ucla dept . of linguistics 1996-97 job and fellowship bulletin # 27 267 . ben-gurion university . postdoc at ben - gurion university , beer - sheva , israel : to work with nomi erteschik - shir and tova rapoport on verbal projection and focus . project funded by the israel science foundation . preference for candidate with an interest in the syntax / lexical-semantics interface . beginning november 1st , 1997 for one to two years . applicants should send ( by e-mail ) cv , names of three references , and samples of their work to : nomi erteschik - shir , department of foreign literatures and linguistics , ben gurion university of the negev , p . o . box 653 , beer sheva , israel home : 972 - 7-6469482 work : 972 - 7-6461117 or 972 - 7-6461128 fax : 972 - 7-6472907 268 . lancaster university . the lancaster university consortium - universities of central lancashire , lancaster , sheffield , university college of st . martin , lancaster and homerton college , cambridge - has been awarded 247k from the h . e . f . c . e f . d . t . l . for a 3 - year project on ' developing inter-cultural and socio-linguistic competence in university students undertaking periods of study and work abroad : the identification and dissemination of good practice ' . suitably quali-fied graduates wishing to pursue a 3 - year ph . d . research programme monitoring / analysing the project are invited to apply for a research studentship of 5000 + fees p . a . for the year beginning 1 october 1997 , at lancaster university . appli - cations by 25 august to r . h . crawshaw , french studies , lancaster univ . , la1 4yn , england . further details from rosemary anderson at the same address - 01524 592669 - e-mail r . anderson @ lancs . ac . uk 269 . lancaster university . the lancaster university consortium - universities of central lancashire , lancaster , sheffield , university college of st . martin , lancaster and homerton college , cambridge - has been awarded 247 , 000 from the h . e . f . c . e . f . d . t . l . for a 3 - year project on ' developing inter-cultural and socio-linguistic competence for periods of study and work abroad : the identification and dissemination of good practice in student support and guidance ' . applications are invited for two posts of project officer , one full-time , one 0 . 5 - time , starting 1 september 1997 or soon after . project officers will be based at lancaster and responsible , under the director , for administering and helping devise the project . together with experience of residence in europe and fluency in at least one of french , german , spanish or italian , the ideal candidates will also have computer and communication skills and organisational experience . initial salary 15 , 159 pounds . applications , by 18 august , to personnel services , lancaster univ . , la1 4yw , from whom also further particulars are available . 270 . lernout & hespie speech products ( belgium ) . language specialist korean for language development location : ieper ( belgium ) function : this person will assist in the development of text-to - speech systems and derived applications and / or in other projects in the field of natural language processing and speech technology . he / she will work in different language groups and report to a group leader and to the language development manager . profile : * university degree in philology or linguistics , or equivalent ; * excellent knowledge of korean ( native or near native command of the language ) ; * interest in the linguistic aspects of korean and / or other languages ; * at least a basic experience with and interest in computers ; * good knowledge and / or experience in one or more of the following areas are considered an asset : - speech processing , esp . text-to - speech synthesis ; - phonetics ; - computer linguistics ; - natural language processing ( nlp ) ; - spoken dialog systems ; - computer technology ; - use of standard software packages ; - programming ; - other languages than the target language ; * ability to work in a team and independently ; * persever-ance , accuracy and thoroughness ; * good social and communicative abilities ; * fluent in english ( working language ) ; * willingness to travel abroad for limited periods of time . lernout & hauspie speech products is premier provider of speech technology worldwide . lernout & hauspie speech products is an international leader in the development of advanced speech technology for various commercial applications and products . lernout & hauspie is the only company offering a full range of speech technologies ( text-to - speech , speech-to - text , speech-to - speech and text-to - text ) on multiple platforms in multiple languages . l&h 's four core techno-logies , ( automatic speech recognition , txt-to - speech conversion , digital speech compression and language translation ) are licensed to some of the world 's best-known companies in the telecommunications , computers / multimedia , consumer electronics and automotive industries . we can offer you a challenging job with a fast growing belgian company with a remuneration matching your qualifications . you can contact us by mail : lernout & hauspie speech products , personnel department , attn . patrick thomas , sint - krispijnstraat 7 , 8900 ieper belgium by fax : + 32 - ( 0 ) 57-208489 by email : job-announce @ lhs . be ( with automatic reply ) more info about l&h can be found at http : / / www . lhs . com 271 . microsoft . the nlp group in microsoft research is looking for a computational grammarian for french . the position will be located on the microsoft central campus in redmond , washington , usa . this is a great oppor - tunity to work with a dedicated group of researchers who are creating a system for unrestricted text understanding and generation , and integrating that technology into microsoft products that are sold around the world . responsibilities : the primary responsibility will be designing and writing critique rules for a grammar checker . the rules are based on the output of our french language parser , so the critique rule writer will become intimately familiar with the microsoft natural language system , and will then enhance the system by creating rules to flag grammatical errors and suggest alternatives . qualifications : the qualifications should include experience in linguistic research and software development ; familiarity with natural language processing ; a flexible approach to linguistic theory ; and an advanced degree in linguistics , computer science , or a closely related discipline . native proficiency in french is assumed ; practical experience with nlp implementation issues or grammar checkers is highly desirable . about the microsoft nlp research group : we are in the process of designing and building a system to analyze unrestricted natural language , taking input text , and moving from lexical / morphological analysis through syntax , semantics , and eventually pragmatics and discourse . a generation component is also planned . as part of microsoft research , we work toward the long-term goal of broad coverage language analysis : however , we also work close-ly with product groups to integrate our technology into microsoft products . in microsoft office ' 97 , the english grammar checker is based on our technology . we are ready to develop the same system for french . we are empirically oriented , and are happy to use good linguistic ideas wherever they can be found . a reason-able first-version summary of our techniques and some of our experience can be found in the book "" natural language processing : the plnlp approach , "" kluwer academic publishers , boston , 1993 . for more information about the nlp group , connect to our home page on the www . http : / / www . research . microsoft . com / nlp contact : please send resumes , cover letters , and any additional materials to : steven clyne , human resources , microsoft corporation , one microsoft way , redmond , wa 98052 usa email : stevecl @ microsoft . com 272 . ucla . the ucla dept . of linguistics expects to have several short-term jobs available teaching various courses in the coming academic year ( 1997-98 ) . most of the positions are in the area of syntax , though we will hire in other areas too . these are all replacement positions , for faculty who are on leave , and there is no realistic prospect of any of them developing into permanent positions . some of the courses that need to be taught are undergraduate classes , while others are graduate classes . at least three , and possibly as many as five courses will involve syntax courses at various levels , ranging from introductory undergraduate syntactic analysis to advanced graduate seminars . our most pressing need in these areas is during the fall and winter quarters ( see below for an outline of quarter dates ) . in addition , we may need an instructor for two lower-division introductory courses in general linguistics in the winter and / or spring quarters ; one of these is a generic intro to linguistics ; the other is a course surveying the languages spoken in the usa , including immigrant languages , american indian languages , and dialects of english and spanish , covering phonetics , history , and sociolinguistic issues , among others . finally , we will have openings for advanced graduate courses in some of the subfields represented in our department - - such as phonology , phon-etics , psycholinguistics , computational ling . , syntax , semantics , specific language areas ( such as african , american indian , etc . ) for these advanced graduate courses , we are primarily interested in hiring relatively senior people with established repu-tations ( e . g . people who are on leave and who are interested in visiting ucla ) , though more junior applicants will also be considered . because we have a large number of courses available for visitors to teach next year , we are quite flexible in terms of the type and level of appointments . in particular , we may be interested in hiring some people for single-course lectureships ( paying in the neighborhood of $ 7 , 000 to $ 10 , 000 per 10 - week course , depending on seniority ) ; we may also consider full-time appointments for periods of one or two terms , with a courseload of 2 courses per term , and pay levels per course roughly comparable to those mentioned above . finally , we may make appointments with less than full-time teaching loads ( e . g . teaching one course and co-teaching another ) . these visiting positions are not restricted as to rank . we are especially interested in hiring faculty from other universities who plan to be on leave during ( part of ) the coming academic year and who may be interested in visiting our department for part of the year and teaching a course ( or two ) while they are here . each course runs for ten weeks ( with two 2 - hour lectures per week ) followed by an exam week . appli - cants should send a letter of application , including a cv , a statement of previous teaching experience , as well as the names , addresses , and phone numbers of three recommenders to : tim stowell ( chair ) , dept . of linguistics , ucla , los angeles , ca 90095-1543 . ( actual letters of recommendation should not be sent at this time ; likewise candidates should not send voluminous dossiers of publications , etc . ) applications for fall quarter courses should be received by aug . 15 1997 , and applications for winter and spring quarter courses should be received by sept . 10 1997 , though late applications will also be considered as long as the positions remain unfilled . potential applicants are strongly encouraged to inform us by e-mail , as soon as possible , of their intention to apply for these positions . initial inquiries by email may be directed to tim stowell ( stowell @ ucla . edu ) or to anna meyer ( meyer @ humnet . ucla . edu ) . eoe . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = fyi ( "" for your information "" ) / / cheers , ach = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = > > > > > > alan c . harris , ph . d . telnos : main off : 818-677 - 2853 professor , communication / linguistics direct off : 818-677 - 2874 speech communication department california state university , northridge home : 818-366 - 3165 spch csun fax : 818-677 - 2663 northridge , ca 91330-8257 internet email : alan . harris @ csun . edu www homepage : http : / / www . csun . edu / ~ vcspc005 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
",0
1661,"Subject: tei conference : reminder
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * reminder reminder reminder reminder reminder reminder * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * abstracts due august 20 ! ! ! * * * * * text encoding initiative tenth anniversary user conference http : / / www . stg . brown . edu / webs / tei10 / november 14-16 , 1997 brown university providence , rhode island , usa sponsored by brown university computing and information services brown university libraries - o - to commemorate the tenth anniversary of its founding , the text encoding initiative ( tei ) is sponsoring its first user conference , to be held 14-16 november 1997 at brown university in providence , rhode island . the tei was established at an international planning meeting on text encoding standards , held at vassar college on november 12-13 , 1987 . the tei is sponsored by the association for computers and the humanities , the association for computational linguistics , and the association for literary and linguistic computing . the tei guidelines for electronic text encoding and interchange were published in spring of 1994 . they provide an extensive sgml - based scheme for encoding electronic texts across a wide spectrum of text types and suitable for any kind of application . the guidelines have already achieved wide-scale implementation in projects throughout north america and europe . the tei conference will bring together users of the tei guidelines in order to share ideas , experiences , and expertise , provide a forum for technical discussion and evaluation of the guidelines as they have been implemented across a variety of applications . the topics include but are not limited to : o reports on the use of the tei scheme in a particular project or in a particular application area or discipline o reports from particular user communities such as the builders and designers of electronic text centers , digital libraries , language corpora , electronic editions , multi-media databases , etc . o evaluations of the tei scheme as applied to a particular class of texts or in a particular type of scholarly research o technical discussions of particular encoding problems and solutions such as unusual or complex text types , multi-media , multiple views or information types , multi-lingual data and internationalization , textual variation , overlap , etc . o papers on customization and extension of the tei for particular application areas and text types o reports on experience using off-the - shelf software with tei documents , or developing software to handle tei material o discussions of markup theory and markup architectures , with particular reference to the tei o discussions of the tei in the light of developments in the larger computing community ( the web , xml , . . . ) a portion of the conference will also be devoted to consideration of the future of the tei . possible topics to be discussed include the organization of the project , membership on the component committees , priorities , and new work items to be proposed to the technical review committee . submissions : submissions of at least 1500 words should be sent by august 20 , 1997 . email submissions or a url where the submission can be retrieved should be sent to tei10 @ stg . brown . edu . submissions in tei lite are preferred , but full tei or ( valid ! ) html 3 . 2 is acceptable . if it is not possible to submit in one of these forms , please contact tei10 _ program @ stg . brown . edu to make special arrangements . papers should include complete references to related work and should clearly identify the main problem being addressed , other similar projects and their relation to this project , the main and original contribution of the paper , and remaining or open problems . authors are also asked to indicate if this paper is or will be submitted elsewhere . notification of acceptance will be made by september 20 , 1997 . final versions of full papers will be due by october 15 , 1997 . an electronic conference proceedings will be published ; other publication details will be forthcoming . program committee co-chairs : * nancy ide , vassar college * c . m . sperberg - mcqueen , university of illinois at chicago international program committee * susan armstrong , university of geneva * winfried bader , german bible society * david barnard , university of regina ( sask . ) * lou burnard , oxford university computing services * tom corns , university of wales , bangor * steve derose , inso corp . * david gants , university of georgia * dan greenstein , king 's college , london * susan hockey , university of alberta * stig johansson , university of oslo * judith klavans , columbia university * terry langendoen , university of arizona * elli mylonas , brown university * john price - wilkin , university of michigan * gary simons , summer institute of linguistics * frank tompa , university of waterloo * syun tutiya , chiba university * antonio zampolli , university of pisa for more information about the conference : on program and paper submissions : tei10 _ program @ stg . brown . edu about local arrangements : tei10 @ stg . brown . edu url : http : / / www . stg . brown . edu / webs / tei10 / for more information about the tei : url : http : / / www . uic . edu / orgs / tei /
",0
1662,"Subject: cocosda-97 in rhodes
 
 cocosda ' 97 announcement and call for submissions cocosda , the coordinating committee on speech databases and assessment , was founded in 1991 , and has held yearly workshops ever since . the 1997 cocosda workshop , on the theme "" standards and tools for linguistic annotation of speech databases , "" will take place at the convention centre of the rodos palace hotel , in rhodes , greece , on the two days following the eurospeech meeting : friday , september 26 and saturday , september 27 . it will be co-located with the cost workshop on "" speech technology in the public telephone network : where are we today ? "" held in the same facility on the same two days . overall registration is limited to 200 , 100 from each organization . cocosda aims to promote collaborative work and information exchange for resources and standards in spoken language engineering . it maintains working groups on speech corpora and labelling , speech synthesis assessment , and speech recognition assessment . cocosda workshops include reports on relevant activities around the world , and discussions of topics of mutual interest . further information about cocosda can be found at the url http : / / www . itl . atr . co . jp / cocosda / , and further information about cost ( european cooperation in the field of scientific and technical research ) can be found at http : / / www2 . cordis . lu / cost / src / intro . htm . submissions on the theme of cocosda ' 97 , as well as other relevant subjects , are invited . registration for cocosda ' 97 to register for cocosda97 , see http : / / www . ldc . upenn . edu / cocosda97 . cocosda ' 97 attendees are welcome to attend sessions of the cost workshop as well , though they will have to register separately for cost in order to get a copy of the proceedings . on friday afternoon , there will be a joint cost / cocosda session on the topic of speech recognition . on friday morning and saturday afternoon , cocosda ' 97 will meet separately from cost . there will be both reports of general interest and presentations on the workshop theme . on saturday morning , the three cocosda working groups ( on speech corpora and labelling , speech synthesis assessment , and speech recognition assessment ) will meet separately , as arranged by their individual organizers . information for cocosda ' 97 presenters cocosda ' 97 is focused on standards and tools for linguistic annotation of speech databases . if you would like to make a presentation on the workshop theme , or on another topic within cocosda 's area of interest , please register for the workshop and send an abstract of 500 words or less to cocosda97 @ ldc . upenn . edu . if possible , include a url for papers or project descriptions . all good-faith submissions will be accommodated , though some may have to be placed in a poster session .
",0
1663,"Subject: evolvable hardware and gp
 
 paper now available in post script . . . "" rapidly reconfigurable field-programmable gate arrays for accelerating fitness evaluation in genetic programming "" a late-breaking papers from gp-97 conference . abstract : the dominant component of the computational burden of solving non-trivial problems with evolutionary algorithms is the task of measuring the fitness of each individual in each generation of the evolving population . the advent of rapidly reconfigurable field-programmable gate arrays ( fpgas ) and the idea of evolvable hardware opens the possiblity of embodying each individual of the evolving population into hardware for the purpose of accelerating the time-consuming fitness evaluation task this paper demonstrates how the massive parallelism of the rapidly reconfigurable xilinx xc6216 fpga can be exploited to accelerate the computationally burdensome fitness evaluation task of genetic programming . the work was done on virtual computing corporation 's low-cost hots expansion board for pc type computers . a 16 - step 7 - sorter was evolved that has two fewer steps than the sorting network described in the 1962 o'connor and nelson patent on sorting networks and that has the same number of steps as the minimal 7 - sorter that was devised by floyd and knuth subsequent to the patent . john r . koza forrest h bennett iii jeffrey l . hutchings stephen l . bade martin a . keane david andre published in koza , john r . ( editor ) . late breaking papers at the genetic programming 1997 conference , stanford university , july 13-16 , 1997 . stanford , ca : stanford university bookstore . pages 121 p 131 . available in post script from www at http : / / www-cs - faculty . stanford . edu / ~ koza / john r . koza computer science department 258 gates building mail code 9020 stanford university stanford , california 94305 usa e-mail : koza @ cs . stanford . edu office phone : 650-723 - 1517 ( note new area code of 650 ) home phone : 650-941 - 0336 fax : 650-941 - 9430 www : http : / / www-cs - faculty . stanford . edu / ~ koza / www for gp-98 conference : http : / / www . genetic - programming . org
",0
1664,"Subject: call for abstracts for the listserve
 
 the 1998 conference of the texas linguistics society title : exploring the boundaries between phonetics & phonology the university of texas at austin march 13-15 , 1998 keynote speakers : abigail cohn , cornell university patricia keating , university of california , los angeles janet pierrehumbert , northwestern university abstracts are invited for 30 minute talks ( with 10 additional minutes for discussion ) on any topic related to the relationship between phonetics and phonology . potential topics include , but are not limited to : theoretical exploration of the interplay between phonetics and phonology encoding phonetic naturalness in phonological theory or representation experimental data ( acoustic or perceptual ) pertaining to phonological patterns and / or sound change phonetic and phonological realizations of specific patterns such as tone and intonation , coarticulation , metathesis , etc . matches and mismatches between phonetic and phonological patterns * especially encouraged * are abstracts dealing with the separation of phonetics and phonology abstracts must be no more than one 8 1 / "" 2 by 11 "" page , single-spaced , and in at least 12 - point font ( 10 point for examples ) , with one-inch margins on all sides . one additional page with references and diagrams or tableaux may be appended if necessary . all submissions must include the following items : 10 anonymous copies of the abstract 1 3x5 "" card with name , affiliation , address , phone number , email address and title of paper deadline for receipt of abstracts is october 17 , 1997 . send abstracts to : tls abstract committee calhoun 501 the university of texas at austin austin , tx 78712 abstracts received after the deadline will not be considered . fax submissions will not be accepted . instructions for email submissions are available upon request . an individual may submit at most one single and one co-authored paper . accepted presenters will be notified by mid - december , 1997 . if presenters wish to have their papers included in the conference proceedings , they must submit a camera-ready copy by may 15 , 1998 . proceedings will be published by the texas linguistic forum . a poster session that will accompany the conference is currently being organized . a call for poster abstracts will be issued soon . preregistration for the conference is $ 15 . 00 ( us ) for students , $ 30 . 00 for nonstudents . for further information , contact tls @ uts . cc . utexas . edu or check out our web page at http : / / uts . cc . utexas . edu / ~ tls / tivoli majors university of texas department of linguistics
",0
1665,"Subject: prolamat 98 : first announcement and call for papers
 
 the tenth international ifip tc5 wg - 5 . 2 wg - 5 . 3 conference prolamat ' 98 - - - - - - - - - - - - the globalization of manufacturing in the digital communications era of the 21st century : innovation , agility , and the virtual enterprise conference date and venue : september 9-11 , 1998 - trento , italy > > first announcement and call for papers < < abstracts due : november 10 , 1997 acceptance notification : december 20 , 1997 camera ready paper due : april 30 , 1998 please show interest in contributing to prolamat ' 98 using attached form by : september 30 , 1997 the conference scope of prolamat ' 98 expands design and manifacturing issues to include teams and virtual enterprises which come together across space and time to develop new products and bring them to global markets . manufacturing issues and information models have long been part of concurrent engineering ; they are increasingly important in new product innovation and in the development of manufacturing plans and processes which span multiple companies along with multiple time zones . past emphasis on human aspects and innovation provides a strong foundation for the next prolamat , which emphasizes three themes in separate tracks of the conference : track 1 : sharing experience gained from telecommunication use in industry for agility and innovation track 2 : human and machine communications , modelling , standard representations , reuse track 3 : telecommunication and agility impact on software technology for discrete manufacturing background - - - - - - - - - the prolamat conference is an internationally well known event for demonstrating and evaluating activities and progress in the field of discrete manufacturing . sponsored by the international federation for information processing ( ifip ) , the prolamat is traditionally held every three years and it includes the whole area of advanced software technology for design and manufacturing in discrete manufacturing . past conferences have explored : - manufacturing technology , - advances in cad / cam , - software for discrete manufacturing , - software for manufacturing . the eight international prolamat focused on the theme of man in cim . the 1995 prolamat featured the theme of life cycle modelling for innovative products and processes . the 1998 conference in italy will be organized by the university of trento , school of engineeering and department of computer and managemet sciences , jointly with istituto trentino di cultura , under the auspices of the wg2 for "" computer - aided design "" and wg3 for "" computer - aided manufacturing "" of the technical committee 5 for "" computer applications in technology "" . this conference will be the last prolamat before the next century , and it provides an opportunity to investigate and imagine what the digital communications revolution going on all around us will mean for manufacturing . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conference subjects - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - track 1 : sharing experience from telecommunication use in industry for - - - - - - - agility and innovation globalization of product opportunities and manufacturing processes , along with advances in digital communications , are simultaneously enabling and demanding agility and rapid enterprise innovation . a number of industries have been driven to exploit emerging telecommunication technologies as an important tool for meeting these demands . a major goal of this conference will be to complement the more traditional academic presentations with a separate track devoted to sharing industry experience and determining the implications of the emerging digital communications era for discrete manufacturing in the 21st century . - case studies and descriptions of experience with emerging technologies for : - concurrent engineering involving shared product and process models , - applications of telecommunications for agility , innovation or virtual organizations , - distributed business process reengineering and out sourcing , - managing virtual teams and developing and sustaining virtual organizations , - advances in telecommunication technology for collaborative knowledge processing for engineering - tele-presence , remote sensing , and distributed coordination of processes , - collaborative feature modelling , feature-based design , and geometric modelling - integration of emerging technologies and tools into existing product development - collaborative version management and update sharing - tools for enterprise integration and managing organizational change - enterprise-wide distribution and coordination of emerging product models . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ track 2 : human and machine communications , modelling , standard - - - - - - - representations , reuse people , not machines , design new products and make manufacturing systems work . increasingly , groups of people are required to design new products and bring them to market . requirements for agility and the suitability of specific manufacturing processes must be matched with the culture and knowledge base of the work force . world - class processes have floundered when this was not done . information and communication systems can either amplify or reduce the magnitude of differences across culture or engineering discipline . researchers specializing in knowledge representation , modelling , communications , standardization , and reuse will be invited to share their experiences and research perspectives . - enterprise data sharing across engineering , cultural , and supply chain boundaries , - distributed manufacturing and supply chain management - early stage product development which dynamically incorporates supplier constraints - standard models for component information representation , product and process interchange , - technologies for knowledge sharing , collaboration , and across the product lifecycle , - adaptive systems for organizational management , knowledge sharing , education , and training - organizational and manufacturing process simulation - organizing and representing design and manufacturing process for dissemination and reuse - the interface between human and machine for information sharing , training , education , - virtual reality and multi-media in manufacturing and design - collaborative manufacturing process definition and operation - collaborative product and process modeling for the product life cycle - implications of models of human communication for the support of integrated manufacturing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ track 3 : telecommunication and agility impact on software technology for - - - - - - - discrete manufacturing even in today 's post-industrial information-society , machines , not people , ultimately make the products which humans have designed and will use . digital telecommunication has become an enabling technology for agile organizations and an important tool driving some enterprise innovation . what are the implications of these profound changes in communications technology for discrete manufacturing ? which old assumptions must be rethought , and what totally new opportunities now exist ? how have software tools for discrete manufacturing evolved during these past three years ? the conference , as a whole , and this track , in particular , will attempt to answer these far reaching questions . - rapid and virtual prototyping using distributed teams or distributed manufacturing , - concurrent and simultaneous engineering systems - distributed and global methodologies for design and collaborative manufacturing - intelligent tools which communicate across the shop floor or across institutional boundaries for - automated machining operations , - scheduling , coordination , or planning for machining or manufacturing processes , - architectures , frameworks , and dss for design and integrated manufacturing , - formal design theories and methodologies - engineering simulation , product and process modelling , planning , and scheduling - issues and systems relating to sustainable manufacturing - methods and tools for sustainable product development and manufacturing processes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conference chair : g . jacucci invited members to the international program committee l . alting ( dk ) s . ansaldi ( i ) a . baskin ( usa ) p . bertok ( aus ) s . bhattacharyya ( uk ) o . biorke ( n ) k . bo ( n ) m . boari ( i ) g . bracchi ( i ) d . brown ( usa ) l . camarinha - matos ( p ) l . carlucci aiello ( i ) b - k . choi ( k ) g . christensen ( dk ) c . ciborra ( f ) e . ciciotti ( i ) u . claussen ( d ) j - p . crestin ( f ) u . cugini ( i ) b . david ( f ) c . davies ( uk ) z . deng ( n ) c . dent ( uk ) i . st . doltsinis ( d ) g . doumeingts ( f ) w . ehrenberger ( d ) j . l . encarnacao ( d ) l . estensen ( n ) k . fedra ( a ) s . finger ( usa ) f . gambarotta ( i ) j . gero ( aus ) r . geudj ( f ) p . gili ( i ) b . girard ( f ) f . giunchiglia ( i ) h . grabowski ( d ) u . graefe ( c ) g . guida ( i ) g . halevy ( isr ) j . hardy ( usa ) j . m . hee ( dk ) g . hermann ( h ) b . hofmaier ( sw ) t . holden ( uk ) g . jacucci ( i ) , chair h . jansen ( d ) c . c . kai ( sp ) f . kimura ( j ) t . kjellberg ( s ) d . kochan ( d ) g . kovacs ( h ) z . kozar ( cz ) f - l . krause ( d ) j . latombe ( usa ) g . lazzari ( i ) r . levi ( i ) f . lillenhagen ( n ) w . loeve ( nl ) s . lu ( usa ) k . maclaughlin ( usa ) r . manara ( i ) m . mantyla ( sf ) a . markus ( h ) t . markus ( h ) r . mayer ( usa ) g . menga ( i ) e . merchant ( usa ) j . mermet ( f ) i . mezgar ( h ) r . michelini ( i ) g . micheletti ( i ) v . milacic ( yu ) p . mudur ( ind ) g . musso ( i ) l . nemes ( aus ) r . ning ( prc ) s . nof ( usa ) s . noll ( d ) g . olling ( usa ) t . otker ( nl ) m . pallot ( f ) k . pawar ( uk ) j . peklenik ( sl ) g . perrone ( i ) f . plonka ( usa ) v . ponomaryov ( rus ) m . pratt ( uk ) k . preiss ( isr ) f . prinz ( usa ) b . radig ( d ) f . rigotti ( i ) j . rix ( d ) f . robson ( uk ) c . rosenthal ( usa ) m . sabin ( uk ) a . sambura ( aus ) t . sata ( j ) d . schelfi ( i ) j . schneider ( usa ) g . seliger ( d ) o . semenkov ( bj ) m . shpitalni ( isr ) d . l . shunk ( usa ) r . soenen ( f ) o . stock ( i ) a . storr ( d ) j . c . teixeira ( p ) p . ten hagen ( nl ) v . tipnis ( usa ) p . tiribelli ( i ) n . todorov ( bg ) t . tomiyama ( j ) m . tomljanovich ( i ) e . tyugu ( s ) h . van brussel ( b ) f . van houten ( nl ) g . vernazza ( i ) m . veron ( f ) a . villa ( i ) r . vio ( i ) m . waldron ( usa ) k . wang ( prc ) e . warman ( uk ) m . wozny ( usa ) h . yoshikawa ( j ) r . zandonini ( i ) e . zaninotto ( i ) a . zorat ( i ) r . zuest ( ch ) submission information extended abstracts of two pages , written in english , should be e-mailed to prolamat @ lii . unitn . it by november 10 , 1997 . accepted formats are text only , word attachment or latex attachment . abstracts will present an additional cover sheet providing title , all authors with affiliation , the full address of the principal author ( with phone , fax numbers and e-mail address ) and a list of keywords related to the paper contents . the extended abstracts will be reviewed by three referees for inclusion in the conference program . accepted contributions will be published in the conference proceedings by chapman & hall . format requirements from chapman & hall for the preparation of the camera-ready article , will be sent to the authors in due course . conference organizing committee v . d ' andrea , university of trento , ( i ) y . ficiciyan , ipk berlin ( d ) e . filos , european commission , dgiii , ( b ) m . marchese , university of trento , ( i ) chair m . ronchetti , university of trento , ( i ) g . salvatori , istituto trentino di cultura , ( i ) a . servida , european commission , dgxiii , ( b ) official language : english contact information : contact : mara gruber e-mail : prolamat @ lii . unitn . it phone : + 39 . 464 . 443 . 134 + 39 . 464 . 443 . 140 fax : + 39 . 464 . 443 . 141 www : http : / / www . lii . unitn . it / prolamat / mail : laboratorio di ingegneria informatica via f . zeni , 8 38068 - rovereto ( tn ) italy > cut here and send reply form to prolamat @ lii . unitn . it < _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ reply form ifip international conference prolamat ' 98 the globalization of manufacturing in the digital communication era of the 21st century : innovation , agility and virtual enterprise september 9-11 , 1998 trento name : . . . . . . . . . . . institution : . . . . . . . . . . . e - mail : . . . . . . . . . . i am interested in receiving further notices on prolamat ' 98 . [ ] i am also interested in contributing a paper : tentative title : . . . . . . . . . . the paper will touch upon the following topics : track 1 : experience using telecom for agility and product / process innovation ; [ ] case studies and descriptions of experience with emerging technologies for : [ ] advances in telecom technology for collaborative knowledge processing for engineering [ ] integration of emerging technologies and tools into existing produt development track 2 : human and machine communications , modelling , standard representations , reuse [ ] enterprise data sharing across engineering , cultural , and supply chain boundaries , [ ] technologies for knowledge sharing , collaboration , and across the product life cycle [ ] the interface between human and machine for information sharing training , aducation track 3 : telecom and agility impact on software technology for discrete manufacturing [ ] rapid and virtual prototyping using distributed teams or distributed manufacturing , [ ] intelligent tools which communicate across the shop floor or across institutional boundaries for : [ ] architectures , frameworks , and dss for design and integrated manufacturing [ ] issues and systems relating to sustainable manufacturing
",0
1666,"Subject: toc for linguist list
 
 dear sirs , prof . helen dry has offered that we might include announcements of our activities in linguist ( message of 24 april 97 ) . you will find the announcement of a workshop on reported speech below . thank you in advance . manfred roncador announcement of a workshop at the ' 20th conference of the german linguistic society ( dgfs ) ' in halle on ' form and function of reported speech ' coordinators : tom gueldemann and manfred von roncador linguistic studies have increasingly demonstrated that in contrast to the traditional approach a clear-cut distinction between direct and indirect speech is for many languages untenable . the existence of such intermediate forms as semi-direct speech , so-called style indirect libre ( free indirect discourse ) , and logophoric constructions point rather to an analysis whereby the different forms of reported speech are assigned a specific position on a continuum whose extreme poles are characterized by a minimal or maximal shift of the deictic centre ( cf . roncador 1988 ) . in the framework of such a theoretical approach , it is interesting to investigate which different functions the individual forms of reported speech may serve in discourse . another interesting question concerns the grammatical characteristics of quotative constructions ( qc ) , i . e . linguistic expressions used in languages to signal reported speech , and how these qcs are related to the functions of the different categories of reported speech laid out on the continuum mentioned just above . possible features to be investigated in this respect are inter alia the internal structure of qcs , the obligatoriness of the individual propositional elements in them ( such as reference to speaker and addressee ) , the particular strategy for expressing the locutionary aspect , and the nature of the semanto-syntactic relation between qc and the quote itself . the historical processes that qcs or their elements are subject to constitute another possible focus of attention . this is meant to include the discussion on grammaticalization processes in this domain , which is already quite extensive but which has probably focused too much on the development of speech verbs only . as analyses of reported speech in single languages are often still oriented towards concepts developed for european languages , contributions on non - european languages offering new insights on less-known aspects of this functional domain will be particularly welcome . this will serve to put these first attempts to typologize the phenomenon of reported speech in its functional and formal aspects ( cf . roeck 1994 ) on a broader empirical basis . references : roeck , m . de . 1994 . typology of speech reports . in : engberg - pedersen et al . ( eds . ) , function and expression in functional grammar . berlin : mouton de gruyter , pp . 331-351 . roncador , m . von . 1988 . zwischen direkter und indirekter rede : nichtwoertliche direkte rede , erlebte rede , logophorische konstruktionen und verwandtes . tuebingen : max niemeyer . prof . helen dry , dr . manfred von roncador afrikanistik i universitaet bayreuth d-95440 bayreuth tel . + 921 / 55 21 91 fax + 921 / 55 36 27
",0
1667,"Subject: cl school : contemporary topics in computational linguistics
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * sixth international summer school "" contemporary topics in computational linguistics "" hotel orpheus , tzigov chark , bulgaria 7 - 9 sept ' 97 http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / lab / nlp / ranlp / 97 . html [ summer school ] * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the sixth summer school "" contemporary topics in computational linguistics "" immediately precedes the international conference "" recent advances in natural language processing ( ranlp ' 97 ) "" ( 11-13 sept ' 97 , same location ) . the school will continue its tradition of offering both introductory and advanced courses . the programme will consist of tutorials and short courses . lecturers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * yorick wilks ( university of sheffield ) information extraction * sergei nirenburg ( new mexico state university ) multi - engine machine translation environments * pieter seuren ( nijmegen university ) semantic syntax * branimir boguraev ( apple computer , cupertino ) linguistically intensive content characterisation * michael zock ( limsi , cnrs ) natural language generation * harald trost ( austrian institute for ai ) computational morphology * tony mcenery ( lancaster university ) corpus linguistics * ruslan mitkov ( university of wolverhampton ) recent developments in anaphora resolution * carlos martin - vide ( university of tarragona ) natural computation for natural language * benjamin tsou ( city university of hong kong ) automatic abstracting course descriptions are available at : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / lab / nlp / ranlp / 97 . html [ summer school ] location _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tzigov chark is a beautiful resort in the rhodope mountains on the shores of batak lake . it is approximately 145 km from sofia , the capital of bulgaria . a minibus will provide reasonably-priced transport between sofia airport and the summer school 's hotel . registration fees _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ industrial participants 150 usd academic staff 110 usd students 80 usd accommodation and half-board prices _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * option 1 hotel orpheus accommodation and half-board ( breakfast and lunch ) 40 usd a day ( single room ) 30 usd a day ( if sharing a twin-bedded room ) * option 2 guest house belonging to the higher medical institute ( vmi ) plovdiv . 2 - 3 minutes walking distance from the hotel orpheus amidst beautiful fir trees . accommodation and half-board ( breakfast and lunch ) 20 usd a day ( single room ) 15 usd a day ( if sharing a twin-bedded room ) * option 3 accommodation at vmi guest house , half-board at hotel orpheus 30 usd a day ( single room ) 25 usd a day ( if sharing a twin-bedded room ) option 2 : two years ago the guest house had fixed times for meals which clashed with the programme . the local organisers are trying to sort this out . if you would like to share a room , please let us know ; would you please also specify if you wish to share the room with someone in particular . registration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ all participants are requested to complete the following registration form and send it to victoria arranz < victoria @ ccl . umist . ac . uk > we regret to inform you that the local organisers have difficulties in processing cheques , bank transfers and credit card payments . you are kindly requested to pay the registration fees and accommodation / half-board on site in cash . any major currency will be accepted ; us dollars , german marks & british pounds are preferable . ! registration form _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ! ! ! names . . . : ! organisation : ! country . . : ! fax . . . . : ! telephone . : ! email . . . : ! ! ! * accommodation and half-board ! ! [ ] option 1 ! [ ] option 2 ! [ ] option 3 ! ! [ ] single room ! [ ] double room ( to be shared with another participant ) ! ! i 'd like to share the room with : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( specify name ) ! ! for the period ( delete as appropriate ) ! ! [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] [ 14 ] september 1997 ! < - school - - > < - - ranlp ' 97 - - > ! ! ! amount to be paid on site in cash : ! ! accommodation + half board : _ _ _ usd / dm / gbp ! registration fee : _ _ _ usd / dm / gbp ! ! ( please specify the amount you are going to pay in usd or ! the equivalent in german marks or british pounds ) ! ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ < mailto : victoria @ ccl . umist . ac . uk > _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please reserve your accommodation as soon as possible . accommodation capacity in both "" hotel orpheus "" and vmi guest house are limited : all reservations will be dealt with on a first-come , first-served basis . summer school information _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for further information , if you wish to participate please contact : - victoria arranz < victoria @ ccl . umist . ac . uk > or - malgorzata stys < m . stys @ cl . cam . ac . uk > if you wish to exhibit books / software : - nicolas nicolov < nicolas @ cogs . susx . ac . uk > related events _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the summer school will be followed by the international conference "" recent advances in natural language processing ( ranlp ' 97 ) "" . http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / lab / nlp / ranlp / 97 . html
",0
1668,"Subject: world english ma
 
 school of english . university of leeds , leeds , ls2 9jt uk ma in english language and world englishes new ! ! ! first intake in 1998 ! ! ! this innovative ma offers the opportunity to study modern english language in its international context . this is an exciting and growing area in english language study . the ma is of particular relevance to those in britain and outside britain who are interested in broadening their background in english language studies . this course can accommodate the needs of those whose interests are academic , educational , or media-oriented . there are two core modules : modern english language and english as a world language . a wide range of options is available from which students may choose their two other modules . some modules ( e . g . communicating meanings , language & politics , style discourse and rhetoric ) are designed especially for this ma course . in addition , the course is linked to other mas in the school of english ( e . g . in american studies and in literature from commonwealth countries ) and to the ma in the department of linguistics and phonetics . students can take approved options which are primarily language oriented , or literature oriented . many courses are also available which are offered by the school of education as part of their med program . many of these are especially relevant for those interested in the teaching of english as a second language . admission to some of these courses may depend on students fulfilling requirements made by the departments concerned . students are also required to follow a module in research methods in semester i , and to do a dissertation . the duration of the course is one academic year . core modules will be offered in the daytime , while some options are available as daytime classes and others ( e . g . dialectology & sociolinguistics and lexicology & history of english , and most of the education modules ) , where you will be studying alongside in-service teachers , are taught in the evening ( 6 - 8pm ) . students who wish to do this ma should have some background in the study of english language . normally admission would require the minimum of a good second class ba degree in english language and / or literature , or in linguistics . students with good honours degrees in combined studies , or in other subjects , may also be considered if relevant subjects have been taken . students whose degrees are from universities where the medium of instruction is not english will be required to give evidence of a high standard of english proficiency . for more information , contact : professor katie wales ( k . wales @ leeds . ac . uk ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * anthea fraser gupta : http : / / www . leeds . ac . uk / english / $ staff / afg school of english university of leeds leeds ls2 9jt uk * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
1669,"Subject: position announcement / instructor
 
 position announcement instructor / linguistics the linguistics program at the university of southern maine has an opening for a part-time instructor to teach two sections of an undergraduate course titled "" analyzing language "" , beginning fall 1997 . this is a "" core "" course and meets a "" skills of analysis "" requirement for the usm core program . we are looking for candidates with excellent teaching skills and a broad command of linguistic theory . abd phd candidates are especially encouraged to apply . the two sections meet for 2 1 / 2 hours each at 4 and 7pm on wednesday evenings in portland . in future semesters course schedules can be arranged to accommodate the instructor 's schedule . salary will be in the range $ 1749 - $ 2100 per course , depending upon experience . travel time from boston to portland is about 2 hours by car . if you are interested in this position ( or know someone who may be ) please contact prof . wayne cowart at ( 207 ) 780 4477 ; fax ( 207 ) 780 5561 ; cowart @ usm . maine . edu . candidates should contact us by phone or e-mail first then submit a letter , cv , and a letter of reference from someone familiar with the candidate 's teaching experience . mailing address : linguistics program , university of southern maine , p . o . box 9300 , 96 falmouth st . , portland , me 04104-9300 . the university of southern maine is an equal opportunity employer . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = wayne cowart / assoc . prof . of linguistics / director , usm core curriculum university of southern maine 96 falmouth st . portland , me 04103 usm linguistics webpage : http : / / www . usm . maine . edu / ~ lin e - mail : cowart @ usm . maine . edu phone : ( 207 ) 780-4477 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
",0
1670,"Subject: australian national place names project - research fellow
 
 macquarie university / australian academy of the humanities the aim of the national place names project is to construct a comprehensive database of an estimated 4 million australian place names , compiled on a linguistic , etymological and historical basis . this position is funded by a grant from the australian research council to the australian academy of the humanities . the appointee will develop the methodologies , the procedures and the regional structures that are necessary for the national place names project to succeed . as part of this process , the appointee will assist in organising a conference with international participation from place names experts , in order to develop methodological best practice for the project . applicants must have a doctoral degree , or be about to submit their dissertation , in a relevant field . they must have experience in lexicography , in historical linguistics or in other relevant research , sufficient to carry out the tasks of the project . preference will be given to applicants who have research experience in place names study , and who have a record of publications in this field . experience in liaising with government departments and in organising meetings and conferences would be an advantage . enquiries and further information package : mr david blair , on + 61 + 2 9850 8736 , fax + 61 + 2 9850 6900 ( e-mail : david . blair @ mq . edu . au ) . an application package must be obtained prior to sending your application . the position is available from 1 october 1997 , for a fixed term of two years . salary range : level b ( lecturer ) $ 42 , 042 to $ 51 , 113 per annum . applications , including full curriculum vitae , visa status , and the names and addresses of three referees should be forwarded to the recruitment manager , personnel office , macquarie university , nsw 2109 by 1 september 1997 . applications will not be acknowedged unless specifically requested .
",0
1671,"Subject: job : linguistics at delaware
 
 the department of linguistics at the university of delaware ( http : / / www . ling . udel . edu / ling / ) is seeking an assistant professor , tenure track , with a specialization in one or more of the following areas : computational linguistics , semantics , theoretical second language acquisition . the individual will be expected to contribute to the current strengths of the department in theoretical linguistics , and to the integration of linguistics and cognitive science ( including researchers in psychology , computer science , philosophy , neuroscience , educational studies , and the applied science and engineering laboratory ) . the successful candidate will teach graduate and undergraduate level courses in his / her area , as well as some undergraduate service courses . the position will begin 9 / 1 / 98 . phd by time of appointment . interested candidates should send a letter of application detailing how they meet the position description , cv , samples of research / publications , and names of three referees , who the candidate has asked to send letters of recommendation directly to the search committee . all application material , including recommendations , should be received by december 10 , 1997 . candidates should indicate ( in their application or by e-mail ) whether they plan to attend any of the following conferences : the north east linguistic society , the boston university conference on language development , the linguistic society of america . send materials to linguistics search committee , department of linguistics , university of delaware , newark , de 19716-2551 . e - mail inquiries should be sent to professor caroline heycock , the chair of the search committee , at ling-search @ udel . edu . "" the university of delaware is an equal opportunity employer which encourages applications from minority groups and women . ""
",0
1672,"Subject: position : computational linguist
 
 postion available : computational linguist cymfony research , located in western new york , is a company that specializes in research and development of cutting-edge information technology . areas of specialization include natural language processing ( nlp ) and multimodal information retrieval . cymfony is actively engaged in developing nlp - based document processing technology . this includes tools for document browsing and information extraction . we have an immediate opening for a computational linguist to participate in the information technology effort . interested candidates should have an advanced degree ( ph . d . preferred ) in computational linguistics . experience with grammar development , parsing technology , and finite state parsing techniques in particular are required . special consideration will be given to individuals having experience with statistical methods in natural language processing . in addition , the candidate must have software development experience in c / c + + , java , lisp , and shell scripting languages such as perl . candidates must have experience on both unix and pc ( windows 95 / nt ) platforms . preference will be given to individuals who are already in the us or have permission to work in the us . please forward resumes ( with references ) to : cymfony 5500 main st . williamsville , ny 14221 fax : ( 716 ) - 565-0308 info @ cymfony . com http : / / www . cymfony . com
",0
1673,"Subject: british vs . american < a > ( s
 
 griffin bacal internet mail direct inquiries to postmaster @ gbinc . com 8 / 7 / 97 2 : 36 pm british vs . american < a > ( summary ) i received a number of very helpful and insightful replies in response to my question about differences in british & american pronunciations of < a > ( / ae / vs . / a / in foreign and loan words such as france , pasta , nicaragua , et al . ) and thought it might be nice to pass them on to the list . typically , there 's a nice mix of agreement & disagreement among the responses , esp . on the issue of whether americans are more "" loyal "" to the source languages than britons are . there are also some observations on british changes to native stress patterns ( which i myself noticed while dining out with british colleagues who order "" creme bru - lee "" for dessert . . . ) . one question that no one 's answered yet , though : in the british english pronunciation of "" jacques chirac "" , why does "" jacques "" have something like / a / when "" chirac "" has / ae / ? ( the non - french stress on the first syllable of "" chirac "" has been explained to me already ! ) anyway , here are the responses i received . thanks again to all . david weiss david _ weiss @ gbinc . com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 1 ) i ' ve noticed also that the british are more likely to anglicize , in the sense of using english pronunciations , especially of vowels . perhaps this habit comes from their lengthy use of latin , as a learned language . in the middle ages , i believe it was common to adapt latin to the language of the host country . for example , long a in latin was generally said as a post vowel shift / e : / or / ej / in england , as it still is . whereas in north america we generally use the classical pronunciation , with the low vowel . the other instance you cite / frans / vs . / fraens / , is a more recent development in british speech , in which / ae / lowered to / a : / before certain consonants , although not invariably . for example , in laugh , half , castle , fasten , plant , aunt the lower vowel prevails in standard british english . at least this is what i seem to have noticed . how about you ? is it possible that pasta was borrowed into british english after the vowel lowering took place ? that might explain the lack of lowering in this instance . also , the lowering does not seem to be entirely phonologically conditioned , e . g . , ant / aent / vs . aunt / a : nt / . "" pants "" may not be british , but i do n't believe this vowel is lowered , either : possibly a new borrowing from american english ? dr . ronald cosper ronald . cosper @ stmarys . ca - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 2 ) david , just a quick response to your article in the linguist list . i ' m not british or american , but have had a fair amount of exposure to both accents of english . it seems to me that the situation is n't very conclusive . many british speakers believe that they retain the right to ' naturalise ' or ' anglicise ' foreign words names , but then so do americans . the problems is that they have done this differently . if we look at more recent french borrowings , the british have generally naturalised them in terms of their stress pattern ( therefore : garage , ballet , beret , buffet , massage , to follow the pattern of older borrowings like village , damage ) , whereas americans keep it more foreign sounding by stressing the second syllable . in some cases , in the uk , ' garage ' can rhyme with ' carriage ' , and ' buffet ' with ' ( little miss ) muffet ' . on the other hand , older brits still reserve the right to pronounce ' trait ' with the final < t > silent , as in french , unlike americans ; and as you mentioned , there 's ' france ' ( and ' chance ' , 'd ance ' ) . however , if we think of non - european names like iran or pakistan , one stereotype of american pronunciation is eye - ran and pack-is - stan . moving on to your / a : / v . / ae / distinction that you mentioned , i think some of it will have to do with the fact that in american the < a > in < man > is almost universally pronounced / ae / , with perhaps the exception of southerners . in the uk , on the other hand , it is / ae / mainly in the south . when you move to northern england , or wales or to scotland , the sound is / a / , i . e . close to the european sounds as in german ' mann ' . ( and here , the / a : / in ' path ' or ' car ' is also close to [ a ] . ) you also get this over in northern ireland and the republic . therefore , a southern english speaker would be used to ' naturalising ' an item said using a scots , northern , etc . accent ( thus [ man ] - - > [ maen ] ) , and would therefore apply the same ' rule ' to european names . peter tan elltankw @ nus . sg - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 3 ) hi , i am writing back to you off net because i have nothing really substantive to add to your observation , except to say it is n't just names - listen to the british pronunciation of ' lasagna ' or ' pasta ' as well with [ ae ] . but what i wanted to say is that i named the process "" mangle "" as a new phonological rule of [ a ] > [ ae ] / [ + foreign ] , or even , more widely , take any foreign word and pronounce it somehow other than the way those foreigners would pronounce it ( you see why i am not replying to the whole net : - ) ) . i noticed it in the speech of my father-in - law , from leeds , whom i love dearly and who insists on saying [ paest @ ] for ' pasta ' . i would never correct him , but i ' ve been aware of it since , and six months of living in britain a couple of years ago only confirmed the observation you have noted as well . i ' m looking forward to seeing what other , more serious , responses look like . margaret e . winters mew1 @ siu . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 4 ) the general rule in british english is to make stressed / a / in foreign words into / ae / , as we have in the u . s . in ' piano ' . but ' france ' does n't follow the pattern , because it was anglicized so long ago , and follows another general pattern of south english dialects that is only a couple of centuries old at most : turn historical short a ( low front / ae / ) into / a : / before ( certain ? ) fricatives , with or without a nasal in between . hence ' bath ' , ' castle ' , ' fast ' , ' lance ' , ' last ' , ' france ' , etc . all have / a : / in the south of england . northerners kept the / ae / pronunciation , as did americans outside the boston area . the word ' bath ' is a good shibboleth for northerners vs . southerners in england . i think i recall reading in some history-of - english text that / ae / - - > / a : / is not a cut and dried rule ( or an exceptionless change - - however you want to think of it ) . and i can't recall exactly how the rule was stated - - perhaps the fricative had to be in a cluster . note that words ending in - ash did not undergo the change . and i ' m not sure how the lengthening of / a / before - r and - l relates to this change - - ' arse ' and ' half ' got / a : / and and then lost their liquids , in both north and south england , but not in america outside boston . try pyles and algeo 's history of english if you want to know more about this particular change . - suzanne kemmer kemmer @ ruf . rice . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 5 ) mr . weiss : i ' m not entirely sure that ' non - english < a > ' is the relevant parameter . i ' ve recently returned from the southwest , where a number of people pronounce ' colorado ' with < ae > ( a pronunciation some national news announcers reporting on the recent colorado floods also use ) . as a native of southern new england , i had always heard this word pronounced systematically and exclusively with < a > , by americans , perhaps , as you suggest , because of its spanish origin . but my recent experience shows that my pronunciation is clearly * not * the only one available . the same variation also occurs in the american pronunciations of ' vietnam ' , with some using < a > , as i do , and others using < ae > . ' native ' english words also participate in the same phenomenon : in addition to ' aunt ' , which is a well-known example , there are words such as ' bath ' , ' path ' , and ' laugh ' , which are often pronounced with < a > , not < ae > , in parts of new england . for these last four words , my native pronunciation is < ae > , although i find myself sometimes using < a > in ' aunt ' , perhaps under the influence of ' worcesterese ' . . . george aubin gaubin @ eve . assumption . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 6 ) it seems to me that the sound represented by < a > in most european languages lies between the english [ a ] as in father and [ ae ] as in pan . the brits tend to slide it forward when pronouncing words such as padre , while the americans tend to slide it back ( except for those great lakes speakers who have shifted / a / towards the center ; they do n't shift it at all ) . in either case they are assimilating the nonexistent phone into their own phonological system . i do n't think either is more ' loyal . ' a similar phenomenon happens with the french rounded high front vowel in ' tu , ' but with speakers of different languages . english speakers , when they do n't get it right , tend to make it a high rounded back vowel [ u ] . spanish speakers tend to pronounce it as a high unrounded front vowel [ i ] . the reason why may be related to subtle shifts in location of native vowels , or customs in teaching l2s or both . michael newman mn24 @ is6 . nyu . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 7 ) hi david . your query on linguist list about foreign ( a ) pronunciation was passed on to me by mark liberman . as he indicated in his response to you , i have just completed a phd dissertation on this subject . the central phenomenon under study was the one you noticed : the difference between american and british treatment of foreign ( a ) . the pattern you observed is indeed the main pattern of divergence between the dialects : americans tend to use the / a : / of ' father ' in words like ' pasta ' and ' mazda ' while brits tend to use the / ae / of ' fat ' . the american usage is really akin to using the / o / of ' pot ' , since for most americans outside of new england / o / and / a : / are merged ( father and bother rhyme ) . the divergence between the dialects is concentrated predominantly in closed ( or potentially closed ) syllables . in open ( or potentially open ) syllables , both dialects use / a : / : americans and brits alike pronounce ' llama , bravado , nirvana ' , etc . , with / a : / . a very good article by geoff lindsey ( 1990 ) , in a volume edited by s . ramsaran called studies in the pronunciation of english , shows that the am - br difference extends to other vowels and reflects a basic difference in the organization of am and br vowel systems : am vowels contrast along a tense-lax dimension and br along a long-short dimension . charles boberg < cboberg @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 8 ) i just had a discussion of this with larry trask , an american - born vasconist working in england ( u . sussex , i think ) . ( cced ; hi , larry . ) based on that discussion , i think i can codify the phenomenon you describe . 1 . the british "" nativize "" foreign words much more aggressively than the americans . a couple of examples that are unrelated to the [ a ] / [ ae ] issue : "" don juan "" sp . [ don ' xwan ] , am . [ dan ' wan ] , but br . [ dan 'd zu &n ] ; "" don quixote "" sp . [ don ki ' xo te ] , am . [ dan ki ' ho ti ] , but br . [ dan ' kwik sot ] . 2 . as a relatively recent innovation ( 1700 's , i think ) , in the south of england an original [ ae ] is backed to [ a ] in some syllables whose coda contains a fricative . hence "" grass "" , am . and n . eng . [ graes ] , s . eng . [ gras ] ; other examples are "" past "" , "" dance "" , "" entrancing "" , "" chaff "" , "" rather "" . this explains [ frans ] ; it 's not an anomalous attempt to retain a foreign [ a ] , it 's a purely southern english [ a ] , exactly as you would expect from an original [ ae ] . 3 . "" pasta "" is anomalous . from the above account i would expect s . eng . [ past& ] ; are you telling me they say [ paest& ] ? larry ? 4 . when the syllable in question gets farther from the end of the morpheme , things get murky . for "" rascal "" , both [ ras kl ] and [ raes kl ] sound plausibly londony to me . but what about "" vasconist "" ? try as i might , i can't imagine anyone , be he ever so eton - and - oxford , saying [ ' vas k& nist ] ; i can only hear [ ' vaes . . . ] . in the foregoing , i have blurred the distinction between the low-mid [ a ] and the low back english vowel that i think looks a little like a "" d "" in ipa . true oxonians nearly gag every time they say "" rather "" . allan wechsler awechsle @ bbn . com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 9 ) dear david , nice question : the reason is actually differing vowel systems between us and uk . the back / a / of us that you use in words like "" milan "" does not exist over here : the closest is the vowel you hear in france , which is / a : / ( back ) . this vowel either occurs 1 ) as a result of the loss of rhoticity ( car , cart ) , or 2 ) ( in rp and southern english ) before voiceless fricatives ( bath ) or clusters starting with a nasal , ( dance , france : the similar vowel to the french from is therefore co-incidence ) . in the case of 2 ) this is a change ( 17 / 18th century ? ) from the front / ae / . to pronounce milan with this way would make it sound like it was spelt "" milarn "" . an exception to this is some speakers ' pronunciation of pakistan with 2 / a : / s . i ' m a northerner , so use / ae / in bath , france and the words like pakistan ( and iraq , iran , ( woops , but not in zimbabwe ) : may be many of us use / a : / as these have entered the language since the vowel has been available ? ) regards , maik gibson maik @ azariah . org . uk
",0
1674,"Subject: malc - - final call for papers
 
 call for papers mid america linguistics conference october 24-25 , 1997 university of missouri - columbia proposals for papers in any area of linguistics will be considered for the general session . papers will also be considered for a special session on the history of linguistics . presentation time for papers will be limited to 20 minutes , with 10 minutes for discussion . deadline for receipt of abstracts is august 25 , 1997 . authors are asked to submit three copies of an anonymous abstract . abstracts must be no more than one page in length . also include a 3x5 card with paper title , name of author ( s ) , affliation ( s ) , address , phone number , and e-mail address . e - mail submissions will not be accepted . please send abstracts to the address below . tom stroik , department of english , 107 tate hall , university of missouri - columbia , columbia , mo , 65211 .
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1675,"Subject: history of linguistic and grammatical praxis
 
 * * * ankuendigung - einladung - call for papers * * * xi . internationales kolloquium des sgds mit dem schwerpunktthema geschichte der sprachwissenschaftlichen und grammati ( kographi ) schen praxis history of linguistic and grammatical praxis histoire de la praxis linguistique et grammaticale veranstaltet vom studienkreis ' geschichte der sprachwissenschaft ' ( sgds ) in verbindung mit dem departement linguistiek der katholieke universiteit leuven leuven / louvain ( b ) , 02 . - 04 . 07 . 1998 hinweis : bei dem o . g . themenschwerpunkt ist vor allem an historiographische studien zur grammatikographie , zum mutter - und frendsprachenunterricht sowie zu den bereichen sprachplanung , sprachpolitik und kunstsprachen gedacht . darueber hinaus ist etwa ein drittel der tagung auch fuer andere sprachwissenschaftsgeschichtliche themen vorgesehen . * anmeldeschluss : 15 . 1 . 1998 * kongresssprachen : deutsch , englisch und franzoesisch . anmeldung etc . werden erbeten an : xi . sgds - kolloquium , prof . dr . pierre swiggers , departement linguistiek , katholieke universiteit leuven , blijde inkomststraat 21 , b-3000 leuven ; fax : + 32-16 - 325025 ; e-mail : pierre . swiggers @ arts . kuleuven . ac . be oder prof . dr . peter schmitter , postfach 410115 , d-48065 muenster ; fax : + 49-2534 - 1890 ; e-mail : schmipe @ uni-muenster . de prof . dr . peter schmitter institut fuer allgemeine sprachwissenschaft westfaelische wilhelms - universitaet muenster e-mail : schmipe @ uni-muenster . de
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1676,"Subject: nineteenth south asian languages analysis roundtable
 
 sala xix the department of language & linguistic science at the university of york , york , uk is pleased to announce that it will host the nineteenth south asian languages analysis roundtable 18-20 july 1998 the theme of the conference will be * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * south asian languages : focus on research * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * proposals for 25 minute papers are invited on any aspect of research in south asian languages ( including english ) covering the following areas : bilingualism & the mixed code syntax semantics & pragmatics ( including indian theories of meaning ) phonestics &phonology socio - historical linguistics language variation & change sociolinguistics of society first & second language acquisition applied linguistics . abstracts will be considered for early acceptance starting october 1997 . final deadline for submission of abstracts and the pre - registration form is 1st december 1997 , and for submission of paper is 15 march 1998 . abstracts ( 200 words ) together with the pre - registration form should be sent to the local organizing committee : mahendra k . verma kalika bali dept . of language & linguistic science university of york york , yo1 5dd , uk . your proposal should consist of the following : ( 1 ) the title of the abstract , along with up to 5 keywords ; ( 2 ) the panel heading of the proposal ; ( 3 ) two copies of the abstract with ( on one copy only ) the author 's name , postal address , telephone & fax numbers , and e-mail address where available , and your status - research student , academic staff , researcher . please send any request for information to the above address or to the following e-mail addresses : lang16 @ york . ac . uk or mkv1 @ york . ac . uk or kb107 @ york . ac . uk fax : 01904 432673 . the national organizing committee welcomes you to sala 's first visit to europe : mahendra k . verma ( university of york ) kalika bali ( university of york ) mukul saxena ( university college of ripon & st . john , york ) dierdre martin ( university of birmingham ) gillian ramchand ( university of oxford ) jane stuart - smith ( university of glasgow ) more information will soon be available on http : / / www . york . ac . uk / ~ kb107 sala xix department of language & linguistic science university of york , york , uk nineteenth south asian languages analysis roundtable 18-20 july 1998 south asian languages : focus on research conference pre - registration form please complete the following as you would like it to appear on the participants ' list : your title : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . your family name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . your other name ( s ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . your address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . phone & fax numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e-mail address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please reserve a conference place for me . signature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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1677,"Subject: new listserv for linguist
 
 dear linguist subscribers : this message heralds a change in how mail will be sent to you . up till this time , mail has been distributed to you via one of the listservs at texas a&m university . the address of the listserv by which linguist mail was distributed to you was : listserv @ listserv . tamu . edu and linguist 's main address was : linguist @ listserv . tamu . edu or linguist @ tamvm1 . tamu . edu today we have completed transferring all linguist mailing operations to our own listserv , "" listserv . linguistlist . org . "" this is now the new mail distribution site for the linguist list . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * from now on , therefore , if you wish to set your * * * * listserv options , you should address your requests to : * * * * * * * * listserv @ listserv . linguistlist . org * * * * the main linguist address has also changed . posts * * * * should now be sent to : * * * * * * linguist @ listserv . linguistlist . org * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * all other linguist and linguist addresses and urls remain the same . for the moment , mail will continue to be forwarded from the old linguist addresses to the new ones . all of us should be grateful to mark liberman and the linguistic data consortium at the university of pennsylvania , who provided this wonderful new machine and a listserv license to linguist . it was an extraordinarily generous gift . we hope that it will provide much improved mail delivery , especially to places outside north america . after , of course , the inevitable software bugs have been worked through ! anthony , helen and daniel
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1678,"Subject: announcement follows
 
 job advertisement : research assistant dept of psychology , royal holloway college , university of london . we require a research assistant to work on an esrc - funded project directed by dr . m . saxton and dr . c . gallaway : ' effects of corrective input on the development of child grammar ' . you will be required to gather child language data in family settings and transcribe the recordings in electronic format . the proposed starting date of the project is the 15th november 1997 and it will last for 13 months . applicants should have a first degree in psychology , linguistics and / or speech pathology . a driving license and knowledge of the childes / chat system would be advantageous . salary range is stlg17 , 293 to stlg19 , 061 . job ref : gh / 1419 . closing date sept 5 , 1 997 . applications and job descriptions are available from personnel department , royal holloway , university of london , egham hill , egham , surrey tw20 0ex . , uk tel : 01784 443030 fax : 01784 473527 e-mail : s . watson @ rhbnc . ac . uk quoting relevant job reference . applications from all sections of the community are welcomed . centre for audiology , education of the deaf and speech pathology school of education university of manchester oxford rd manchester m13 9pl 0161-275 - 3383
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1679,"Subject: new research institute
 
 g . a . i . l . a . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ grupo autonomo de investigaciones en linguistica aplicada san juan - argentina dear fellow linguists ; it is a great honor to introduce you to a new research institute that has its headquarters in san juan , a province in the north-west of argentina , south america . we are concerned mainly with problems of teaching english as a foreign language ( tefl ) . we do research on foreign language learning and coordinate courses and debates on different topics within this general subject . a lot of information as regards the current state of the art is available to all those who are interested . also , it would be interesting to carry out joint ventures as regards research with other people around the world . please , feel free to contact us through my email address : leo ferres email : aleofer @ ffha . unsj . edu . ar thank you very much , and we sincerely hope that we can share information and stregthen communication . grupo g . a . i . l . a
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1680,"Subject: asllrp / signstream
 
 the american sign language linguistic research project involves researchers from boston university , gallaudet university , and rutgers university working together on the syntax of asl . in addition , in collaboration with dartmouth college , we are developing a tool called signstream for the coding and analysis of video-based data . general information about this project is available at our web site : < http : / / www . bu . edu / asllrp / ; . a number of reports and doctoral dissertations are now available in portable document format ( pdf ) and can be downloaded from this site : bahan , b . ( 1996 ) non - manual realization of agreement in american sign language . doctoral dissertation , boston university , boston , ma . maclaughlin , d . ( 1997 ) the structure of determiner phrases : evidence from american sign language . doctoral dissertation , boston university , boston , ma . maclaughlin , d . , c . neidle , and r . g . lee ( 1996 ) design specifications for signstream , a multimedia database tool for language research . asllrp report no . 3 . neidle , c . , d . maclaughlin , b . bahan , r . g . lee , and j . kegl ( 1997 ) the signstream project . asllrp report no . 5 . neidle , c . , d . maclaughlin , j . kegl , and b . bahan ( 1996 ) non - manual correlates of syntactic agreement in american sign language . asllrp report no . 2 . * note that digitized movies demonstrating the grammatical examples are provided . neidle , c . , d . maclaughlin , and r . g . lee , eds . ( 1997 ) syntactic structure and discourse function : an examination of two constructions in american sign language . asllrp report no . 4 . [ contents : hoza , neidle , maclaughlin , kegl , and bahan , a unified syntactic account of rhetorical questions in american sign language ; and lee , neidle , maclaughlin , bahan , and kegl , role shift in asl : a syntactic look at direct speech . ] with respect to the signstream project < http : / / www . bu . edu / asllrp / signstream > , we would be especially interested to receive feedback as to features that potential users ( linguists working with video-based data ) might find useful , to assist us with ongoing design and development .
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1681,"Subject: sem : tocharian
 
 blockseminar : g . pinault ( professeur ` l ' universiti de clermont - ferrand - directeur ` l ' iphi ive ) einf | hrung tocharisch fu berlin , 22 . - 26 . sept . 1997 http : / / titus . uni-frankfurt . de / curric / colloq . htm # berlin97
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1682,"Subject: next child language research forum ( fwd )
 
 announcement - - the next stanford child language research forum will take place in april 1999 . ( there will be no meeting in 1998 . ) proposals for workshops or special sessions at the 1999 meeting are welcome . please send any suggestions , via email , to : < eclark @ psych . stanford . edu > ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ the proceedings of clrf-97 will appear early in 1998 , and will be available from cambridge university press , as are the proceedings of earlier meetings ( check the cup web - site ) . alan c . harris , ph . d . telnos : main off : 818-677 - 2853 professor , communication / linguistics direct off : 818-677 - 2874 speech communication department california state university , northridge home : 818-366 - 3165 spch csun fax : 818-677 - 2663 northridge , ca 91330-8257 internet email : alan . harris @ csun . edu www homepage : http : / / www . csun . edu / ~ vcspc005
",0
1683,"Subject: british < a >
 
 having followed the discussion of [ ae ] vs . [ a : ] , etc . in s british english , i 'd like to add a few historical points that may help to straighten out some uncertainties . 1 . me / a / remained open [ a ] in s england until about the middle of the 17th century ( the first good witness to [ ae ] is john wallis ' grammar of 1653 ) . at this stage there was no lengthening or change of quality . 2 . the new [ ae ] began to lengthen before / r / in the later 17th century ( categorically ) , and then before voiceless fricatives except [ s ] , and variably before / nc / clusters . the first traces of the lengthening ( well described in christopher cooper 's grammatica linguae anglicanae , 1685 ) show lengthening as variable , more frequent if a consonant follows the consonant causing lengthening : thus short vowel in car , long in cart , short in pass , long in passed , etc . 3 . lengthening increases during the 17th - early 18th century , and by around the 1740s ( e . g . in mather flint 's prononciation de la language angloise , 1740 ) there is variable lowering of the lengthened [ ae : ] to [ a : ] , partly lexically determined . this continues throughout the 18th c . 4 . the situation - - which words have lengthened and / or lowered vowels - - continues to be fluid well into the 19th c . a j ellis in 1874 reports both the modern pattern and a whole set of variants , including short vowels even before / r / . 5 . the retraction to a low central or back ( ish ) vowel is late , probably not before the later 1870s . 6 . the process never diffused through the whole lexicon except before / r / ( which of course was later lost ) ; there are still loads of minimal or near-minimal pairs in rp and other southern varieties , e . g . ass / arse , cant / can't , mass / mask , etc . a lot of forms vacillate , e . g . short or long in masturbate , plastic , etc . ( see john wells ' accents of english , 1982 for a good account ) . roger lass roger lass department of linguistics university of cape town rondebosch 7700 / south africa tel + ( 021 ) 650 3138 fax + ( 021 ) 650 3726
",0
1684,"Subject: url correction for asllrp and signstream sites
 
 editor 's note : we recently posted information about web sites for the american sign language linguistic research project and signstream . the links within the posting do not function properly . those links follow here . http : / / www . bu . edu / asllrp / http : / / www . bu . edu / asllrp / signstream
",0
1685,"Subject: grepping summary
 
 thanks to all who responded to my request for grepping under a dos environment with the following syntax : < grep - r < fn1 > < fn2 > fn3 > < where fn1 is the file with the set of strings to be grepped > < fn2 is the data-base > < fn3 is the output . > with the suggestions and help that i have got , i have literally "" grepped "" all about grep . thanks a lot i got a whole lot of answers which i am summarising below : 1 . the first was to use perl script to write my own grep : for both unix and dos , perl is a language that will easily allow to create a small program that will do what you ask . more information about perl , including free downloads for many environments , can be gotten from the perl language home page , http : / / www . perl . com / perl / index . html . 2 . the second suggestion was similar in nature : use awk and lex tools for the job . 3 . under unix environment three types of grep were proposed : a . egrep egrep - f fn1 fn2 > fn3 where fn1 is a file containing the search patterns ( one per line ) . if you only want to search for literal strings ( no special characters ) then you can use fgrep instead of egrep . do ' man grep ' for more details , b . fgrep fgrep - f patt-file - name < database-to - search > results-file will work , assuming patt-file - name is a file of _ strings _ ( regular expressions containing metacharacters are not allowed by fgrep . ) say man fgrep to get the details . one hitch however it will only match strings , not regular expressions . c . sgrep the sgrep utility ( not standard unix ) permits complex ( and nested ) patterns to be searched for . 4 . under dos the gnu tools are now available under dos ; gnu has only one grep and lets you do this ( according to the manual ) with grep - f f1 f2 > f3 this works and i have used it with success . thanks to andreas mengel incidentally egrep , sgrep and fgrep versions for dos exist and can be found at : ftp . rediris . es / mirror / simtelnet / gnu / gnuish / grep15 . zip thanks to susana sotelo docio 5 . another suggestion was to use sed sed - n - f < file > permits many patterns to be searched for ( with some problems when multiple matches occur on a line . 6 . another solution under dos was to grep for a large number of strings at once in a ` regular expression ' . a second alternative was to batch-file the operation , which i am using at present as a solution , but wanted something more functional . 7 . a commercial solution was also proposed : mks ( mortice - kern ) in canada makes a commercial set of unix apps and commands for use in dos and windows environments , including ksh , awk , grep , gres . their grep syntax is : grep - f pattfile file > output _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ many thanks to : martin wynne < eiamjw @ comp . lancs . ac . uk > will dowling < willd @ spectranet . ca > kevin bretonnel cohen < kevin @ cmhcsys . com > mark liberman < myl @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu > john e . koontz koontz @ boulder . nist . gov peter hamer < p . g . hamer @ nortel . co . uk > stuart luppescu < s-luppescu @ uchicago . edu > stephen p spackman < stephen @ softguard . com > d . lee < d . lee @ lancaster . ac . uk > chris culy < cculy @ blue . weeg . uiowa . edu > david palmer < palmer @ linus . mitre . org > shravan vasishth < vasishth @ ling . ohio-state . edu > susana sotelo doc ' io "" < fesdocio @ usc . es > andreas mengel < mengel @ babylon . kgw . tu-berlin . de > for their prompt and helpful replies to my query .
",0
1686,"Subject: job announcement for chinese linguistics
 
 - - - - - the research centre for general linguistics , typology and universals ( zas ) , the projectgroup focus syntax , seeks : 1 research fellow ( bat - o ii - a ) for the period from january , 1 1998 to december , 31 1999 specialized in the field of chinese linguistics and generative grammar requirements / qualifications applicants should : - have a doctorate ( phd ) based on chinese linguistics ) - should be able to work in the field of information structure , - should be a native speaker of chinese , - have a goodcommand of german and / or english applications - applications should be sent to the zas up to september , 30th 1997 for more information please contact dr . h . d . gasde zentrum fur allgemeins sprachwissenschaft , typologie und universalienforschung jaegerstrate 10 / 11 d-10117 berlin e-mail : gasde @ fas . ag-berlin . mpg . de fax : ( 030 ) - 20 192 402 http : / / www . fas . ag-berlin . mpg . de
",0
1687,"Subject: conference : dgfs / cl 97
 
 dear linguists , the program of the sixth meeting of the special interest group on computationallinguistics of the german linguistics society ( dgfs / cl 97 ) is now available at the following url : das programm der 6 . fachtagung der sektion cl der dgfs ist unter folgender url verf | gbar : http : / / www . linguistics . ruhr-uni - bochum . de / ~ kiss / dgfs _ prog . htm
",0
1688,"Subject: web page for als-98
 
 the australin linguistics society ( als ) has prepared a new web page for its forthcoming conference on 3 - 5 july 1998 , in brisbane , queensland , australia . the url for the web page is http : / / www . cltr . uq . edu . au : 8000 / als98 the page also provides links to the other linguistics events taking place in brisbane around the same time : * australian linguistics institute ' 98 ( ali-98 ) * applied linguistics association of australia ( alaa ) 1998 congress * lexical functional grammar conference * australex biennial meeting regards peter white
",0
1689,"Subject: teach english in china
 
 a number of positions are open for teachers of english at the university of finance in shanghai . interested parties please contact dr . y . ho at hsintl @ aol . com for details .
",0
1690,"Subject: research positions in berlin
 
 research positions in berlin at zas berlin ( center of general linguistics , typology & universals research ) two positions are expected to become available for qualified semanticians to join already established projects . start : 1 . 1 . 1998 duration : 2 years in the first instance phd required . knowledge of german useful but not essential . salary : ca . dem 3 . 000 pcm netto ( depending on age , marital status , no . of children etc . ) please note : both positions are subject to final approval , expected oct . 1997 . interested persons are invited to send application documents - c . v . , publication list , statement of research interests , names ( + address / phone / fax / email ) of 2 referees - by 31 . october 1997 to : prof . dr . ewald lang zas jaegerstr . 10 / 11 d-10117 berlin , germany ( 1 ) project 3 "" noncanonical complementation "" the project investigates the syntax of relative clauses and related constructions within the current generative framework . a qualified semantician with a close interest in the syntax - semantics interface is sought . research topics include ( i ) reconstruction effects in relative clauses , clefts , pseudoclefts ( ii ) degree ( ' amount ' ) relatives and comparatives for further details , contact : chris @ asg . ag-berlin . mpg . de ( chris wilder ) ( 2 ) project 5 "" predicative constructions "" the project deals with lexical semantics and interfaces with morpho-syntax , focussing on predicative constructions with copula verbs including ' remain / become ' in different languages . a qualified semantician trained in representational formalisms and primarily interested in the interface between syntax , semantics and the lexicon is sought . for further details , contact : lang @ fas . ag-berlin . mpg . de ( prof . ewald lang ) website : http : / / www . fas . ag-berlin . mpg . de / - chris wilder zas , jaegerstr . 10-11 , d-10117 berlin + + 49-30 - 20192461
",0
1691,"Subject: jobs : korean and / or linguistic theory - fall 1997 st . louis
 
 we have a last-minute need for a replacement instructor in st . louis to begin august 27 , 1997 . qualified individuals interested in either the korean courses or the linguistic theory course or both should make contact immediately . the primary position is a parttime lectureship in korean language at university of missouri - st . louis and washington university , which are five miles apart and have a consortium arrangement for east asian studies . two courses per semester are scheduled , one at the first-year level and one at the second-year level . candidates should have a master 's or phd degree , native or near native fluency in korean and in english , and language teaching experience . contact inge goessl , chair , dept . of foreign languages and literatures at umsl : simgoes @ umslvma . umsl . edu ( 314-516 - 6243 ; fax 314-516 - 6237 ) . there also is an adjunct position available in fall 1997 to teach principles of linguistics . this course is offered by the linguistic studies program at washington university for undergraduates and graduate students in fields other than linguistics . it should provide a serious introduction to contemporary syntax and a lesser emphasis on semantics and phonology . the primary text is chomsky 's universal grammar by r . cook ( blackwell , 2nd edition 1996 ) . contact adele abrahamsen , director , linguistic studies program at washington university : abrahamsen @ twinearth . wustl . edu . ( voicemail 314-935 - 7445 ; fax 314-935 - 7588 and 314-692 - 2502 ) . - adele abrahamsen director , linguistic studies program washington university in st . louis campus box 1125 one brookings drive st . louis , mo 63130-4899 email : adele @ twinearth . wustl . edu fax : ( 314 ) 935-7588 and ( 314 ) 692-2502 office location : new psychology building , room 410b office telephone : ( 314 ) 935-7445
",0
1692,"Subject: seeking spanish editor / translator
 
 new england 's largest translation company , located in cambridge , seeks expert native spanish ability for editing and proofreading technical and commercial material that has been translated into spanish . some translation . this is a full-time , in-house position . minimum 3 years full-time editing / translating experience or equivalent . salary commensurate with experience and ability . fax resume to cindy at 617 . 864 . 5186 or email to cynthia @ linguist . com .
",0
1693,"Subject: re : q : identifying ungrammatical sentences
 
 we have designed and developed an incremental parsing system called screen which processes spoken language using a hybrid learning architecture . the system receives spoken input and produces a flat syntactic , semantic and dialog analysis . this is performed in an incremental left to right parsing regime . part of the system is also a correction component which deals with incremental ungrammatical phenomena , like interjections , word repairs , repetitions , phrase corrections . if you are interested there is a jair journal article and an animation available from the home page below . this article also contains many more references on incremental grammatical processing . hope this helps , best wishes , stefan wermter * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dr . stefan wermter international computer science institute 1947 center street , suite 600 berkeley , ca 94704-1198 usa phone : ( 510 ) 642-4274 - 185 ( office ) phone : ( 510 ) 528 5009 ( home ) voicemail : ( 510 ) 642-4274 - 899 fax : ( 510 ) 643-7684 email : wermter @ icsi . berkeley . edu http : / / www . informatik . uni-hamburg . de / nats / staff / wermter . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
1694,"Subject: new books : pragmatics
 
 john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new titles in the field of pragmatics : territory of information akio kamio 1997 227 pp . pragmatics and beyond , new series , 48 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 810 8 price : us $ 68 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3039 0 price : hfl . 125 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com most higher animals are said to be territorial , as a huge amount of work in ethology has made it clear . human beings are no exceptions . they tend to occupy a certain space around them where they claim their own presence and exclude others quite naturally . if territory is so prevalent among higher animals including humans , then is n't it possible to observe its manifestations in aspects of human language ? territory of information starts from this fundamental question and attempts to demonstrate the key function of the concept of territory in the informational structure and syntax of natural language . it offers an anaysis of english , japanese , and chinese in terms of territory and shows its fundamental importance in the interface of information and syntax in these languages . moreover , it argues that the concept of territory plays a major role in the evidentiality of a number of languages and in the linguistic structure of politeness . it also makes much reference to discourse and conversational analysis . thus , this is a book which might interest readers concerned with pragmatics in general , the relationship between informational structure and syntax , evidentiality , politeness , discourse analysis , and conversational analysis . genre , frames and writing in research settings brian paltridge 1997 x , 192 pp . pragmatics & beyond new series , 45 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 807 8 price : us $ 49 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 5058 8 price : hfl . 80 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this book presents a perspective on genre based on what it is that leads users of a language to recognise a communicative event as an instance of a particular genre . key notions in this perspective are those of prototype , inheritance , and intertextuality ; that is , the extent to which a text is typical of the particular genre , the qualities or properties that are inherited from other instances of the communicative event , and the ways in which a text is influenced by other texts of a similar kind . the texts which form the basis of this discussion are drawn from experimental research reporting in english . contents : 1 . introduction 2 . approaches to genre 3 . genre and frames 4 . a sample analysis : writing up research 5 . summary and conclusions . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - anthony p . schiavo jr tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : tony @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
",0
1695,"Subject: english language teaching at waseda university
 
 there is anticipated to be a vacancy for a permanent faculty member in the area of english language teaching in the division of multidisciplinary studies , school of science and engineering , waseda university , tokyo starting april 1 , 1998 . qualifications : 1 . ph . d . in an appropriate field of humanities or social sciences ( including linguistics ) , with some teaching experience at the college or university level . 2 . command of japanese parallel to that of an educated native speaker . 3 . age younger than 40 . 4 . availability for in-person interview in tokyo at one 's own expense . applications must be submitted by september 15th , 1997 by registered mail with 1 . resume ( curriculum vitae ) 2 . addressed envelope with due postage stamps to prof . ayako sato division of multidisciplinary school of science and engineering , waseda university 3 - 4 - 1 okubo , shinjuku , tokyo 169
",0
1696,"Subject: position : hamada , japan
 
 please do n't apply by email . english teacher . full - time , 25-30 teaching hours / week . 250 , 000yen / month . travel allowance of 200 , 000 yen . teach in the beautiful countryside with a beach nearby . teach esl to all ages but must like children . university degree required . sponsorship available . fully furnished apartment at 48 , 000yen / month . paid holidays . renewable contract . application deadline asap . position begins october 6 , 1997 . apply by mail , fax , or in person with cv / resume , contact masaharu gotoh or reymie ramirez . gotoh school of english and math . aioi-3 , hamada - shi , shimane - ken 697 . 0855-23 - 0944 ( 22-2114 ) . fax 0855-22 - 2117 .
",0
1697,"Subject: job posting : korean lexicographer ( microsoft )
 
 computational linguist for korean the nlp group in microsoft research is looking for a computational lexicographer for korean . the position will be located on the microsoft central campus in redmond , washington , usa . this is a great opportunity to work with a dedicated group of researchers who are creating a system for unrestricted text understanding and generation . responsibilities : the lexicographer 's primary responsibilities include developing and maintaining the morphological rules and data for the language , in accordance with the overall system architecture used by the microsoft research nlp group . qualifications : the lexicographer 's qualifications should include experience in linguistic research and online dictionary development , programming experience , keen interest in lexical issues , and an advanced degree in linguistics or a closely related discipline . native proficiency in korean is assumed . a practical orientation is highly desirable . significant programming experience or experience extracting lexical information from online dictionaries or corpora would be a plus . about the microsoft nlp research group : we are in the process of designing and building a system to analyze unrestricted natural language , taking input text , and moving from lexical / morphological analysis through syntax , semantics , and eventually pragmatics and discourse . a generation component is also planned . the programming system and underlying principles that are used for english have been found to be applicable to other languages . we are empirically oriented , and are happy to use good linguistic ideas wherever they can be found . a reasonable first-version summary of our techniques and some of our experience can be found in the book "" natural language processing : the plnlp approach , "" kluwer academic publishers , boston , 1993 . for more information about the nlp group , connect to our home page on the world wide web . http : / / www . research . microsoft . com / research / nlp contact : please send resumes , cover letters , and any additional materials to : steven clyne human resources microsoft corporation one microsoft way redmond , wa 98052 usa email : stevecl @ microsoft . com
",0
1698,"Subject: re : 8 . 137 , disc : low vowels in pie
 
 linguist @ linguistlist . org wrote : > subject : 8 . 137 , disc : low vowels in pie > editor for this issue : susan robinson < sue @ linguistlist . org > > > = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = directory = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = > > 1 ) > date : mon , 27 jan 1997 20 : 33 : 15 + 0000 > from : "" miguel carrasquer vidal "" < mcv @ pi . net > > subject : re : 8 . 113 , sum : low vowels in pie > > if we further merge * e and * o into a pre - ablaut * * a , pre - pie still > emerges with a three vowel system ( * * a , * * i , * * u ) . there is no reason > to deny * i and * u vowelhood before the emergence of ablaut ( if there > is after ablaut ) . in conclusion : ( pre - ) pie never had a single vowel > "" phoneme "" . not only is it typologically implausible , it does not > follow from the reconstruction . i am truly surprised that the question of the original vowel quality of ie < i > and < u > can arise again and again . there is not a single good argument for not regarding ie < i > and < u > as reductions from < y > and < w > : 1 ) if < i > were an ie vowel , why is it that an ie dictionary like pokorny has an i - section with two entries ( both of which have slavic cognates in jv - ) but 35 entries under y - ? 2 ) if < u > were an ie vowel , why is it that an ie dictionary like pokorny has an u - section with eight entries ( most of which have slavic or italic cognates in vv - ) but 141 entries under w - ? 3 ) compare this to 146 beginning with a - ( he ) and 95 under e - ( he ) and 43 und o - ( he ) . 4 ) if ie < i > or < u > were original , when initial , we would have to reconstruct hi / u , the same "" laryngeal "" that , with < e > , yields ie e - , i . e . one which does not change the quality of the vowel . it is not reasonable to hi and hu the source of these ten entries ( combined ) and attribute the some vowelhood to i / u that e has ( 95 entries ) . 5 ) the 189 entries beginning with a - and o - cannot arise from * hi or * hu ( at least no one has seriously suggested this to my knowledge ) , therefore must arise from a different combinations of he under different circumstances . this gives us 284 entries for ( h ) e as against 10 entries ( combined ( h ) i - and ( h ) u - ) , a very strange distribution of vowels . 6 ) i will not bother to cite aa cognates for ie words with cvi ( c ) or cvu ( c ) because many list readers do not accept the nostratic parentage of ie and aa but for those who can entertain such a heresy , we find that ie cvi and cvu correspond to aa cvy / $ [ ain ] and cvw . 7 ) typology has been severely abused in this question . whatever old indian may have been , as we find it , it has one vowel , < a > , and every other "" vowel "" is simply derived from a + h / y / w . why ie could not have been such a language , in which the h / w / y had not yet been resolved into other vowel qualities ( a : / e : / o : / i / u , etc . ) simply escapes me . pat ryan patrick c . ryan < proto-language @ worldnet . att . net > ( 501 ) 227-9947 ; fax / data ( 501 ) 312-9947 9115 w . 34th st . * little rock , ar 72204-4441 * usa webpage : < a href = "" http : / / www . geocities . com / athens / forum / 2803 "" > < / a > * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ' veit ek , at ek hekk , vindga meidhi , naetr allar niu , geiri undadhr . . . a theim meidhi er mangi veit hvers hann af rotum renn . ' * ( havamal 138 ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
1699,"Subject: summary : double - dutch and youthese / pig latin
 
 my original query was posted on jul 12 1997 in linguist ( re : 8 . 1048 ) and asked for data on : ( a ) secret signalization codes among children approaching ( but still not having fully reached ) the age of adolescence , particularly so-called "" double - dutch "" ( a more or less invariant standard syllable is inserted into every word to render it unrecognizable ) in various languages of the world ; ( b ) exclusivist , but not particularly secretive youth-specific slang , so-called "" youthese "" , among teenagers ( adolescents ) , functioning as peer , in-group , or clique trademark . i have received a great deal of very useful information . i have not attempted making a summary earlier , because new responses kept coming in ( i suppose , i chose an inopportune time to send in my query , when most people are on vacation / holidays ) . having now also recieved the material one respondent said she would send me after returning from a journey , i can now proceed with the summary : the responses also included new leads to further search , and the following is a total summary . i first of all want to thank all the responders and contributors for their bery helpful and informative messages : jannis k . androutsopoulos < androuts @ novell1 . gs . uni-heidelberg . de > jack aubert < jaubert @ cpcug . org > rick mc callister < rmccalli @ muw . edu > bill fisher < william . fisher @ nist . gov > tim jake gluckman < tjgluckman @ aol . com > jack hall < jhall @ uh . edu > marion kee < marion _ kee @ cs . cmu . edu > nobuko koyama - murakami < koyamamu @ hawaii . edu > nathan sanders < sanders @ ling . ucsc . edu > nik taylor < jnataylor @ pcola . gulf . net > markell r west < markell @ afterlife . ncsc . mil > mark a . wilson < maw @ annap . infi . net > sorry if i missed somebody ( 1 ) first , the direct respondents to my original query : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - rick mc callister : called my attention to the fact , the pig latin was the term more commonly used for what i called "" double dutch "" , and also gave me the url of his www spanish pig latin page : http : / / www . muw . edu / ~ rmccalli / spigpayatinlay . html the www page is very informative . it also suggested a new venue of search , which proved quite fruitful , i . e . i started to search the internet for mentionings of "" pig latin "" , see ( 2 ) below . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bill fisher : one good example of this , which you may already be aware of , is "" boontling "" , a jargon that was developed in the 19th century in marin county , california . i ' ve got a pretty decent book on it , "" boontling , an american lingo "" , by charles c . adams , u . of texas press , austin , 1971 , isbn 0-292 - 70082 - 2 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tim gluckman : when i was at school in the ' 60s - in stockport , england - i recall that oneschoolgirl clique in my year spoke one of these insider languages . one day i asked one - they were all in my schoolyear - of the more ansprechbar of these recently pubertied schulmaedchen what they were saying . as far as i can recall it , her explanation was that their geheimsprache included a variable substitution of t / d - perhaps other consonants too - before the end of the word . it certainly had the affect of of rendering their conversations incomprehensible . this is the only time i ever came across it ; c . 1964 / 5 . they spoke it for 6 months as far as i can recall . whether it went on beyond that i do n't know ; these girls were in the middle of three streams at the grammar school 15 kilometres south of manchester where i went to at that time . and on a question of mine indicated , they were at an age where they were actively dating with boys . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - marion kee : there was a discussion on linguist ( i think sometime in 1995 ) about pig latin and related topics ; i think there were examples cited from a number of different languages . the discussion might have included a list of references . to find it in the linguist archive , try searching on "" pig latin "" and / or "" egg latin "" ( in egg latin , every syllable gets the syllable "" egg "" added prior to its vowel ; e . g . , "" eggegg leggateggin "" - - "" egg latin "" . english only , as far as i know , and my ex-husband learned it when he was 10 or 11 , in athens , ohio , usa . ) this suggestion too opened a fruitful venue for further search , see ( 3 ) below . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nik taylor : my cousins , my brother , and i had a code called flip-top . you started out by flipping around pairs of letters , double letters being counted as one , and adding - ot to consonants and nothing to vowels , doubles being indicated by "" squared "" , so "" hello "" - "" e hot o lot-squared "" . she and her friend had invented it as "" tot "" ( i think that was its name ) , and it was just adding - ot to consonants and the "" squared "" part , so "" hello "" - "" hote lot-squared o "" , i added the flipping part . ( 2 ) rick mc callister 's www page suggested a search for other such pages , but i only found one , that of nathan sanders : http : / / ling . ucsc . edu / ~ sanders / research . html which also was very informative on language games , referred to as _ ludlings _ , but i wrote the owner and got further information : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nathan sanders : a good place to start would be the work of bruce bagemihl , who has done a lot of work in the area of ludlings / language-games . here are two references on ludlings . the first has a large list of examples , while the second has more explanation of the ludling phenomenon itself : bagemihl , bruce . 1989 . ` ` the crossing constraint and backwards languages . ' ' _ natural language and linguistic theory _ . vol . 7 . pp . 481-549 . bagemihl , bruce . 1996 . ` ` language games and related areas . ' ' in john a . goldsmith ed . _ the handbook of phonological theory _ . cambridge : blackwell publishers . pp . 697-712 . = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d ( 3 ) marion kee 's suggestion to search the linguist archive led me to two unsummarized queries , so i mailed the querists : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - jannis androutsopoulos : snailed-mailed me copious material on a colloquiium she organized in heidelberg , dedicated to questions of youth slang : international colloquium "" linguistic and sociolinguistic aspects of youth - specific language "" , heidelberg , june 5 - 7 , 1997 , hosted by the graduiertenkolleg "" dynamics of non - standard varieties "" , univ . of heidelberg & univ . of mannheim . it is obviously impossible to summarize the great amount of data in the space available here , so i ' ll just say that it covers various aspects of youth slang in germany ( also ex - gdr specific ) , italy , france , switzerland ( also at turn of 19th to 20th century ) , swedish . some of the papers touch = ed upon influence of rap / hip - hop etc . on youth slang . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - markell west : responded first of all by posting a summary of responses to his query , which in itself was very informative ( re : 8 . 1079 ) . apart from that it contained a list of respondents : * * * * * ( 4 ) i mailed the respondents directly , and this brought me further helpful responses : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - jack aubert : the french "" verlan "" reverses the order of syllables . "" e l ' envers "" means "" backwards "" and if you pronounce l ' envers with its syllables reversed you get "" verlan . "" this is definitely an example of what you described as type b - - adolescent exclusivist . i have heard it said that verlan originally was used by thieves and pickpockets , but suspect this is just a made-up explanation with no particular basis in fact . but whatever its origins , it is now used by adolescents as an exclusivist slang . i do n't think any body actually uses verlan for full sentences or extended conversations . it mostly forms the basis for individual slang words that go into normal sentances . you could refer to your zon-mai ( maison ) or zon-blou ( blou son ) . there was a movie a few years ago called "" les ripoux "" which is verlan for "" les pourris "" which in context referred to corrupt cops . i think the term for french - born arabs , "" beurs "" was formed using some version of verlan which is not always regular . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - jack hall : in my response to the query about pig latin , i mentioned what i called the "" op "" language , which i read about in a book or magazine when i was about 10-12 years old ( mid 1950 's ) . as i recall , the simple rule was : put "" op "" ( phonetically [ a : p ] after every consonant in a word except the last ( final ) consonant . i am not certain what the rule was about consonant clusters . thus "" dog "" would be "" dopog "" . i remember specifically that the word "" umbrella "" was given as : "" umopbopropellopa "" , indicating that "" op "" is to be placed after all three consonants at the beginning ( umbr - - ) , but only one after the double "" l "" . i have never met anybody who has heard of this language , or knew how to use it , and , since i learned about it from a book , rather than from other people ( children ) , i cannot say anything about the sociolinguistics of it . for me it is an idiolect ( ! ! ) we ' re talking at least 40 years here , but the strange thing is , i can actually visualize the item that i read , and the page on which it was printed , although i certainly do n't know the title of the book . i am sure that it was written for people my ( our ) age at the time , not for adults . i remember that , even while i was reading it , and although i was only about 10 years old , i was aware that the description of the "" language "" was not sufficiently detailed in treatment of matters such as consonant clusters or sequences . i ' m pretty sure that "" st "" would be treated as a cluster , with one "" op "" inserted after it , not an "" op "" after the "" s "" and another "" op "" inserted after the "" t "" . thus "" stay "" would be "" stopay "" , not "" soptopay "" , but i remember that at the time i was aware that i was not sure how such a word would be treated . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nobuko koyama - murakami : japanese ba-bi - bu-be - bo language ( or lingo ) was used by teenagers . ba - bi-bu - be-bo language was specifically used when they . . . . . . . were teasing or joking with others , wishing to make their conversation sound so secretive , and purposely annoying others . manipulating this language so skillfully was a key to the membership of this group . if you mimicked this language poorly , you would be automatically excluded from the group . one more thing : there were some variants in use of this language . differences seemed to be strongly related with types of dialects ( of japanese ) they spoke . in the northern part of the mainland japan , ba-bi - bu-be - bo was inserted accordingly based on phonetics . in the tokyo metropolitan areas , ba-bi - bu-be - bo was inserted between orthographic letters ( at least such was a tendency that i had found ) . e . g . , "" icecream "" ( written as a-i - su-ku - ri - : - mu ) nb "" : "" represents lengthening mark in japanese orthography here . 1 ) a-ba - i-bi - su-bu - ku-bu - ri-bi - i-bi - mu-bu ( tokyo ) 2 ) a-ba - i-bi - su-bu - ku-bu - ri-bi - i-mu - bu as far as i know , the age group that i mentioned ( those were teenagers in 80 's ) were in the rage of 15-18 ( which means that they were in high school at that time period : nb in japan , unlike u . s . , high school is legally and clearly a separate institute ) . we all encountered and experienced this ba-bi - bu-be - bo language when we were high school students . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - mark wilson : it 's been several years since i observed the phenomenon i told markel about ( the german insertion of "" lav "" after vowels ) . german : "" lav "" inserted after vowels . "" ilavich wohlavonelave ilavin balavad holavombulavurg "" for "" ich wohne in bad homburg "" to be more precise , the insertion was "" lavv "" , where v stands for the vowel immediately preceding the ( inserted ) "" l "" . = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3 some tentative conclusions : ( a ) both phenomena , pig latin - type phonologically manipulated secret language , and youth slang , are apparently neither an anglosaxon , nor a european particularity . ( b ) predeliction to pig latin - type language game covers a much wider age bracket than i had initially suspected , beginning at around 10 years , and overlapping with youth slang , in which pig latin - type expressions may be taken up as slang - specific words . thanks again to everybody who contributed . perhaps i should apologize that this summary got so long , but to be honest , of course , i am very happy to have gotten so much to summarize , and thought it would be selfish not to share it with fellow linguist - listers and future searchers of the linguist archives . for this same reason , here are my own experiences with pig latin : at age 12-13 years , in indonesian junior middle school ( smp ) in bogor , west java , i encountered ( took part ) in the following form of pig latin : sentences were constructed to preferentially consist of bisyllabic words ( most basic words in indonesian are bisyllabic ) , and when the first syllable ended in a consonant , the entire second syllable was replaced by _ se _ ( _ e _ as in english "" were "" ) , otherwise the initial consonant of the second syllable was retained and only the rest replaced : _ saya cinta sama kamu _ "" i love you "" ( _ c _ as engl . _ ch _ ) became : _ sayse cinse samse kamse _ from other people i know that similar indonesian pig latins had existed in other parts of indonesia , particularly in central and east java . most of the ones i heard of had the _ se _ insertion , but the rules were not always exactly like in bogor in my childhood . it was only used occasionally , particularly to tease those who were not "" in "" to the secret . it was a passing fad which lasted not even as long as one school year . finally , i understand that some time around 10 years ago , in israelian pop-music there had been a hit , which also became popular outside israel , particularly in west europe . the title seems to have meant "" i love you "" in pig latin - style manipulated hebrew . can anyone tell me anything of that song , but particularly of the hebrew pig latin ? does anyone know anything about pig latin e . g . in chinese , hindi , tamil , arabic , turkish , or suaheli ? does youth slang exist in amerindian languages , in australian aborigine , or other languages of pre-industrial communities ? best regards to all , waruno - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - waruno mahdi tel : + 49 30 8413-5301 faradayweg 4 - 6 fax : + 49 30 8413-3155 14195 berlin email : mahdi @ fhi-berlin . mpg . de germany www : http : / / w3 . rz-berlin . mpg . de / ~ wm / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
1700,"Subject: new books : syntax
 
 new from holland academic graphics : object positions in benue-kwa : papers from a workshop at leiden university edited by rose-marie dechaine & victor manfredi pb . xii + 253 pp . isbn 90-5569 - 031 - 7 [ hil publications , 4 . ] publication date : august 1997 all papers were presented at the niger - congo syntax & semantics workshop , no . 7 ( june 1994 ) pdf sample article available on the web or on request price nlg 40 ( approx . $ 20 ) excl . p&p information : < mail @ hag . nl > or < http : / / www . hag . nl > abstract : ever since greenberg 's 1963 classification of niger - congo - - the largest of africa 's four language families - - the relationship between the kwa and benue - congo branches has remained puzzling to historical linguists . by contrast , the past decade has seen emerging consensus on several aspects = of the grammatical typology of the benue - kwa area , which includes the major west african languages = c0k = e1n , = c8w = e8 , yor = f9b = e1 , = c8do and = cc = gbo , as well as the whole bantu group of central , eastern and southern africa . the twelve papers explore the unity and diversity of benue - kwa by investigating issues in the syntax of objects : verb serialization , verb extensions , light verbs , object agreement , object shift and double object = s . half of the contributors speak the languages they study ; most work in the principles-and - parameters tradition of generative grammar , including very recent perspectives of minimalism and antisymmetry . all the papers sugges = t innovations in these theories to accommodate african data , much of which appears here for the first time . holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands phone : + 31 70 448 0203 fax : + 31 70 448 0177 http : / / www . hag . nl
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1701,"Subject: asian - language translators / editors needed
 
 arial translations , one of the country 's best-recognized asian - language translation firms for high-tech , has immediate openings for translators , editors and proofreaders proficient in japanese , chinese ( both simplified and traditional ) and korean . both on-site ( full time ) and off-site ( contractor ) opportunities are available . arial translations is located in portland , oregon and handled work for clients such as intel , hp and adobe . please e-mail your text resume to mike @ arialtranslations . com . for more information , visit http : / / www . arialtranslations . com thank you , - mike adams 503-646 - 4515 x 26
",0
1702,"Subject: baltics 1998
 
 baltics 1998 - - - first announcement intensive language courses of latvian , lithuanian , and estonian as in the last 9 years , intensive courses of the latvian , lithuanian , and estonian languages are held in bonn / germany in 1998 . these courses , part-funded by muenster university , the federal state north - rhine - westphalia , and the robert - bosch - foundation , are designed for beginners and comprise four phases . phase 1 . participants stay in haus annaberg , a turn-of - the-century manor house overlooking bonn , between february 22 and april 2 , 1998 . classes are taugt five hours per day , five days a week . emphasis is placed on grammatical and lexical issues as well as on the development of reading , writing , and speaking skills . lectures on geographical , sociological , and political issues will be held on one weekend . phase 2 . during the university summer term , participants are expected to continue their studies in their own time , using course books and additional materials . assignments are sent out at regular intervals by the teachers . phase 3 . students stay in latvia , lithuania , or estonia for four weeks in september , 1998 . here , they study at the universities of riga , vilnius , and tartu , respectively , four hours per day , five days a week . emphasis here is on conversation skills . classes are complemented with lectures and excursions . students live with guest families throughout their stay . phase 4 . this is the final examination , again in haus annaberg , bonn . it takes place directly after the study period in the baltics . after successfully passing the exam , participants receive a certificate . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - participation is open to all students enrolled in a german university or technical college . tuition fees : dm 1 , 350 . this includes ten weeks intensive course , full board , all travel costs from bonn to the baltic states and back , examinations , and teaching materials . registration deadline : 30 / 11 / 1997 . for further information please contact : dr . magdalene huelmann institut fuer interdisziplinaere baltische studien bispinghof 3a 48143 muenster germany phone + 49 - 251 - 83 2 44 99 fax + 49 - 251 - 83 2 44 56 email tenhagw @ uni-muenster . de ( wolfgang tenhagen ) www http : / / www . uni-muenster . de / slavbaltseminar /
",0
1703,"Subject: conference announcement
 
 conference announcement the xxxist annual meeting of the societas linguistica europaea ( sle ) will take place on 26-30 august 1998 at the university of st andrews , scotland . a first circular will be sent to sle members in november 1997 . anyone requiring further details now please contact dr christopher beedham , department of german , school of modern languages , the university , buchanan building , st andrews , fife ky16 9ph , scotland / uk , e-mail : cb1 @ st-andrews . ac . uk . to join the sle please contact prof . dieter kastovsky , universite4t wien , institut ffcr anglistik und amerikanistik , universite4tsstr . 7 , a-1010 wien , austria , e-mail : dieter . kastovsky @ univie . ac . at .
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1704,"Subject: call : generative linguistics
 
 the first announcement on - line conference "" the 40 - th anniversary of generativism "" 1-12 . 12 . 1997 since chomsky 's "" syntactic structures "" , published in 1957 , the generative view in linguistics has become widely popular . thus , this year is the 40 - th anniversary of the publication . in past forty years the generative linguistics has passed several stages of development and currently it can be considered a broad and dynamically growing theory , having multiply links both within the linguistics and with other sciences . we see the goal of the conference as helding an overall discussion on generative linguistics . the work of the conference should be organized in 4 sections : section 1 . history & methodology . section 2 . current investigations in generative linguistics in all of it 's variants ( gb - theory , minimalistic program , etc . ) . section 3 . development perspectives , unsolved problems . section 4 . interconnections with other sciences : biolinguistics , psyholinguistics , neurolinguistics , cognitive , computational , mathematical linguistics . the conference organized by the electronic journal "" web journal of formal , computational & cognitive linguistics "" ( http : / / www . ksu . ru / kazan / science / fccl / index . html ) . program committee chair is noam chomsky . all the materials will be put on the web site of the journal . after the conference the materials of the conference are to be published in the journal , on cd and printed as a book . submission & review procedures : paper selection and review procedures will be similar to those of a regular conference . all text must be in ascii . length of the paper is not limited . papers must be send to < generate . list @ ksu . ru > . the first 4 lines of the message should consist of your name your email address the title of the paper number of your section our time-frame is : deadline for papers : october 20 , 1997 final program announced : november 20 , 1997 participation in the on-line conference will be carried out on the list generate . list that has been created for that purpose . to subscribe to this list , send the following message to < generate . list @ ksu . ru > : subscribe generate . list yourfirstname yourlastname for example : subscribe generate . list bill johnson once you have received confirmation of your subscription , you may send messages to < generate . list @ ksu . ru > , and you will automatically receive all new messages sent to the list . a record of all received message will be maintained on a specific web page at the conference site . participants may send their comments and questions by means of the generate . list . everyone subscribed to the list will receive these messages . if you wish to leave the list , send the following message to < generate . list @ ksu . ru > : unsubscribe generate . list firstname lastname at the end of the conference participants will be automatically removed from the generate . list . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - valery solovyev editor "" web journal of formal , computational & cognitive linguistics "" kazan state university , dep . computer science , kazan , 420008 , russia e - mail : solovyev @ open . ksu . ras . ru - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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1705,"Subject: software developer for nlp project ( microsoft )
 
 software developer for nlp project the nlp group in microsoft research is looking for a software developer . the position will be located on the microsoft central campus in redmond , washington , usa . this is a great opportunity to work with a dedicated group of researchers who are creating a system for unrestricted text understanding and generation . responsibilities : the nlp group has created an underlying architecture and tools based on our english system . we now have linguists working to extend the system to european and far east languages , and this requires significant changes to the underlying code base , and ( equally important ) to the tools that the linguists use . the developer 's primary responsibility will be to provide whatever changes or tools the linguists need in order to proceed with linguistic development . this includes ( but is not restricted to ) modifying the tools for creating grammar and morphology systems to handle aspects of non - english languages as they come up , enhancing the tools for lexicographic work across seven languages , and doing data and dictionary conversions . qualifications : the developer 's qualifications should include professional c + + programming experience and a strong background in nlp . experience with non - english languages , unicode issues , and microsoft tools are desirable . about the microsoft nlp research group : we are in the process of designing and building a system to analyze unrestricted natural language , taking input text , and moving from lexical / morphological analysis through syntax , semantics , and eventually pragmatics and discourse . a generation component is also planned . the programming system and underlying principles that are used for english have been found to be applicable to other languages . we are empirically oriented , and are happy to use good linguistic ideas wherever they can be found . a reasonable first-version summary of our techniques and some of our experience can be found in the book "" natural language processing : the plnlp approach , "" kluwer academic publishers , boston , 1993 . for more information about the nlp group , connect to our home page on the world wide web . http : / / www . research . microsoft . com / research / nlp contact : please send resumes , cover letters , and any additional materials to : steven clyne human resources microsoft corporation one microsoft way redmond , wa 98052 usa email : stevecl @ microsoft . com
",0
1706,"Subject: re : 8 . 1205 , disc : british < a >
 
 peter tan wrote : it seems to me that the evidence for ' aggressive ' nativisation / anglicisation in southern british english as opposed to american english is not clear . in my last lengthy message i did not react to this issue . my reaction is that i agree with peter . i do n't know if some of the unclarity has to do with different historical periods which differentiate british and american english , or different cultural domains , e . g . , music ( e . g . , italian terms like stacatto and the others i mentioned in the last message ) vs . foods ( e . g . , pasta - - and more recently a bunch of mexican foods , e . g . , taco , tamale , etc etc ) - - or both etc etc . however , reversals of the ' agressive ' southern brit expectation include some of the commonest and widely known foods , such as "" tomato "" and "" banana "" where undoubtedly the southern brit "" back a "" pronunciation is closer to the source than the american pronunciation ( lengthened and raised "" tomato "" as in "" day "" and "" mate "" ) and "" banana "" rhyming in american english with "" anna "" which has "" front a "" , not "" back a "" as in the "" continental "" european pronunciation of the same name . "" tomato "" , of course , is perhaps the earliest "" mexican "" food to become a widespread word in english . as for jim fiedelholz 's observation on brit "" nicaragyua "" , also striking is brit ( and canadian ) "" bilingyual "" . at least "" bilingyual "" could be considered conservative if it is modelled on the french pronunciation with a front labio-velar "" w "" , as in "" figyure "" ( for those of you who do n't pronounce it as "" figger "" ) . - - benji
",0
1707,"Subject: re : 8 . 1208 , sum : double - dutch and youthese / pig latin
 
 on thu , 21 aug 1997 , the linguist list < linguist @ linguistlist . org > wrote : > from : waruno mahdi < mahdi @ fhi-berlin . mpg . de > > subject : summary : double - dutch and youthese / pig latin > jack hall : > > in my response to the query about pig latin , i mentioned what i called > the "" op "" language , which i read about in a book or magazine when i was > about 10-12 years old ( mid 1950 's ) . as i recall , the simple rule was : > put "" op "" ( phonetically [ a : p ] after every consonant in a word except > the last ( final ) consonant . i am not certain what the rule was about > consonant clusters . thus "" dog "" would be "" dopog "" . i remember > specifically that the word "" umbrella "" was given as : > "" umopbopropellopa "" , indicating that "" op "" is to be placed after all > three consonants at the beginning ( umbr - - ) , but only one after the > double "" l "" . i have never met anybody who has heard of this language , > or knew how to use it , and , since i learned about it from a book , > rather than from other people ( children ) , i cannot say anything about > the sociolinguistics of it . for me it is an idiolect ( ! ! ) i ' ve heard of it . when i was about 10 ( 1973-74 ) some friends and i played around with a language we called "" oppish "" . we did it a little differently from what you described above . "" op "" was inserted after each consonant , even the last one , based on how the word was spelled , so that "" ship "" would be "" sophopipop "" , and "" umbrella "" would be "" umopbopropeloplopa . "" > > some tentative conclusions : > > ( a ) both phenomena , pig latin - type phonologically manipulated secret > language , and youth slang , are apparently neither an anglosaxon , > nor a european particularity . > > ( b ) predeliction to pig latin - type language game covers a much wider > age bracket than i had initially suspected , beginning at around 10 > years , and overlapping with youth slang , in which pig latin - type > expressions may be taken up as slang - specific words . i think i was familiar with pig latin as young as 5 or 6 ( of course , i had older brothers , so that helped ) , and i remember using it with friends in about the second or third grade ( 7 to 9 years old ) . pig latin is also used occasionally by adults , often to keep their very young children from understanding what they are talking about ( similar to spelling words out ) . i also remember that fred flintstone ( from the tv cartoon series "" the flintstones "" sometimes muttered , "" ix - nay , barney , ix-nay , "" when he thought that barney rubble was saying too much . that 's pig latin for "" nix , barney , nix , "" where "" nix "" ( meaning "" nothing "" ) is slang for "" shut up before you get us in trouble , "" or "" put a sock in it . "" my parents also had a spike jones christmas record album that included "" jingle bells "" sung partly in pig latin by some children : "" ingle - jay ells-bay , ingle-jay ells-bay , ingle-jay all the ay-way . . . "" kevin caldwell
",0
1708,"Subject: sum master 's dissertation
 
 dear netters , about a week ago i asked for help in locating peter master 's dissertation : "" a cross-linguistic interlanguage analysis of the acquisition of the english article system "" , ( 1987 ) . i got immediate response and i 'd like to thank you all . i ' m now trying interlibrary loan ( or possibly getting it through umi ) . above is the correct , full title of the works . again , thanks to : jeff macswan jack hall richard epstein scott delancey marjorie parker bob williams lyn repath - martos catherine ball bruce spencer robert freel best regards , pia kohlmyr mrs pia kohlmyr ( phd student ) phone : int + 46 ( 0 ) 31 773 17 67 gothenburg university e - mail : pia . kohlmyr @ eng . gu . se department of english fax : int + 46 ( 0 ) 31 773 47 26 s-412 98 gothenburg sweden
",0
1709,"Subject: german in nova scotia
 
 several decades ago i collected some interesting songs and a neijohrspruch from lunenburg county , nova scotia . is anyone interested in them ? if so please get in touch with me : dwiles @ ccs . carleton . ca
",0
1710,"Subject: distance learning programs
 
 i am currently serving in the u . s . air force and would like to pursue a ma and or phd in linguistics . i was wondering if anybody on this list knows of any programs available for distance learning that can lead to either of the aforementioned degrees ? also , if it can be accomplished over the internet or some other medium ( video , etc . ) . thank you beforehand for any material or information you might be able to send to me ! thomas loyd
",0
1711,"Subject: resources on afrikaans
 
 a student of mine here in japan wishes to examine the evolution of afrikaans and its relationship to dutch / german / english . source material is scarce in local libraries , and i personally have not much knowledge of the language or literature on it . both diachronic and synchronic studies would be of interest - overview and broadly drawn material would be preferable to highly technical ( e . g . , syntactic ) analysis . thank you in advance to helpful linguists who can take the time to point us beyond "" the development of afrikaans "" and "" a grammar of afrikaans "" and work by botha to further material . reply privately to guy modica < gmodica @ fh . seikei . ac . jp > .
",0
1712,"Subject: apocryphal american structuralist assertions
 
 there are two common , apocryphal assertions identified with american structuralist linguistics , and i am wondering if either of these assertions was actually made by an american structuralist . they are : 1 . language structures vary in infinitely many ways . this statement has been associated with boas , but it 's not in the hail intro . this statement has also been associated with martin joos , who supposedly said something along those lines attributing this view to boas ( but not necessarily endorsing it himself ) . 2 . the distributional method , applied rigorously , would yield a distinct syntactic category for every word in a language . it is possible that z s harris made such an assertion , though i have n't seen mention of it in the secondary literature . i am particularly interested in some form of these assertions made by structuralists who believed it themselves ; but if such do not exist , i am interested in attribution of these two beliefs to structuralists by others . thanks , bill croft
",0
1713,"Subject: computational phonology
 
 the acl special interest group in computational phonology announces its new home page at : http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / sigphon access this page to : - * learn about computational phonology ; * view the online bibliography ; * obtain research papers ; * find out who 's who in computational phonology ; and * become a member of the special interest group . the information will be of particular interest if you are : * a phonologist , phonetician , psycholinguist , dialectologist , . . . and are wondering what computation has to offer ; * a computational linguist or speech technologist curious about the linguistic domain of phonology .
",0
1714,"Subject: re : 8 . 1221 , re : double - dutch and youthese / pig latin
 
 dear all , thanks , first of all , to kevin caldwell < kdcaldw @ interserv . com > for his interesting and informative input . since posting the summary on the list ( re : 8 . 1208 ) i have been receiving an even greater stream of responses than after my original query , including several about opish / optalk . so , it looks like i ' ll have to post a second summary when the stream relaxes . therefor , it would perhaps be easier on the list moderating editors , if you send any further reponses ( which i greatly look forward to , because they are very helpful for me ) directly to me . i ' ll be sure to include them in the second summary . thanks for the apparently quite wide interest in the subject . best regards , waruno - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - waruno mahdi tel : + 49 30 8413-5301 faradayweg 4 - 6 fax : + 49 30 8413-3155 14195 berlin email : mahdi @ fhi-berlin . mpg . de germany www : http : / / w3 . rz-berlin . mpg . de / ~ wm / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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1715,"Subject: call for papers : post - communist language change
 
 call for papers the russian language and area studies program at texas tech university announces a conference on "" society , language , and culture in post - communist russia , the other former republics of the soviet union , and eastern europe . "" the demise of communism in the soviet union and eastern europe has ushered in a mass of changes in nearly every aspect of the lives of the people in these nations . there have been changes not only in the political system , but also in the way the people of these nations lead their everyday lives and perceive their place in the world . the fall of communism has altered the way the people in former communist countries work , shop , rest , travel , etc . these changes in day-to - day life combined with the removal of state control over literature and the press have affected the way the people of these nations write and the way they read . profound differences in language , style , and content can be found in the works of leading literary figures and in the pages of any newspaper . similar changes have taken place in other spheres of art and life . how do the people of former communist countries deal with decades of a communist cultural legacy ? do they attempt to return to their pre-communist heritage , hoping to adapt these older cultural values to a modern world ? how do these nations deal with the deluge of social , material and cultural imports from their long-time capitalist foes ? how do they cope with the collision of traditional , communist and mass culture and to what degree are elements of each present in their culture today ? the conference will be held april 2 - 4 , 1998 at texas tech university . depending upon our resources we hope to downlink the conference to other sites around the nation . we also hope to publish a volume of selected papers from the conference . papers and panels from all disciplines and areas are welcome . the deadline for proposals is jan . 15 , 1998 . please address proposals on language to erin collopy , proposals on literature to anthony qualin , and proposals on society , politics , or culture to lewis tracy at : classical and modern languages and literatures texas tech university lubbock , texas 70409-2071 proposals will also be accepted by e-mail at : prof . collopy ( language ) : pveri @ ttacs . ttu . edu prof . qualin ( literature ) : pvton @ ttacs . ttu . edu prof . tracy ( society , politics , or culture ) : pvlew @ ttacs . ttu . edu erin collopy visiting assistant professor department of classical & modern languages & literature texas tech university lubbock , tx 79409 ( 806 ) 742-3286 pveri @ ttacs . ttu . edu
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1716,"Subject: internships in israel
 
 i have recently moved to israel and am studying at tel aviv university towards a ma in linguistics ( but my bachelors is not in linguistics ) . i am looking for information regarding possible ( paid ) internships with companies working on projects which include a linguistic aspect . if anyone knows of any internship possibilities , or even knows which companies in israel are working on linguistics oriented projects , i would apretiate any information you can give me . thanks in advance , leah klearman klrmn @ zoot . tau . ac . il
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1717,"Subject: q : incorporation in mandarin ?
 
 having recently arrived in taiwan to take up a teaching position and , as a result , started getting involved with mandarin chinese , i have very recently noticed that in this language , compound verbs can be ` interrupted ' , if i may so put it , by locative phrases . witness the following exs . : ba yizi banjin fantingli lai obj . marker chair move-come - in - dining room - come ` bring the chairs into the dining room ' ta paohui jya qule he run-return - home - go-asp . marker ` he has run back home ' ba zheiben shu nahui xuexiao qu obj . marker this-class . book carry-return - school - go ` take this book back to the school ' i ' m wondering ( in order not to reinvent the wheel ) if anybody has looked into the possibility of analyzing such constructions as examples of incorporation ? if not , can anybody offer me a good reason why not ? if there 's enough interest i ' ll post a summary . best , steven - steven schaufele , ph . d . asst . prof . of linguistics english department soochow university waishuanghsi campus taipei 11102 taiwan , roc ( 886 ) ( 02 ) 881-9471 ext . 6504 fax : ( 886 ) ( 02 ) 883-5158 fcosw5 @ mbm1 . scu . edu . tw
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1718,"Subject: subcategorization in tranformational grammar
 
 dear colleagues , i ' m wondering if someone could give me some pointers to the latest literature in transformational grammar ( gb , p&p , minimalism ) that deals with issues of subcategorization . in particular i would like to get a sense of the latest thinking , including ways in which minimalism departs from previous assumptions . among the questions that i would ideally like to see addressed are the following : - what kind of subcategorization relations have been assumed in the recent literature , and for what kinds of phenomena ? for instance , a transitive verb must somehow encode the requirement of taking a dp complement . but can a verb also take a pp complement according to the identity of that pp 's head ( as in _ rely _ + _ on _ ) ? - how are subcategorization relations constrained ? that is , what syntactic ( or semantic ) properties are thought to be accessible ( in the limit ) to the selecting head ? - if there are substantive formal constraints on subcategorization , where do they come from ? is there anything in the architecture of the theory from which such constraints would follow ? thanks very much , - - andreas kathol
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1719,"Subject: phonetics software
 
 i am interested in software containing phonetic symbols - - can anyone direct me ? thanks , karen robinson
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1720,"Subject: job : lexical semantics / lexicography ( german )
 
 the division of computational linguistics at the department of linguistics at the university of tuebingen ( head e . hinrichs ) is advertising a position for a ( near ) native speaker of german in the eurowordnet project funded by the european community . the details of the job advertisment are as follows : an der abteilung computerlinguistik des seminars fuer sprachwissenschaft der universitaet tuebingen ( leitung e . hinrichs ) ist im rahmen des europaeischen forschungsprojekts eurowordnet - ii zum themenbereich multilinguale lexikalische semantik die stelle eines / r ( computer - ) linguistin mit forschungsschwerpunkt lexikalische semantik und lexikographie ( bat iia ) insbesondere fuer ausbau und integration eines deutschen wordnet ( germanet ) in ein multilinguales lexikalisch-semantisches netz zu besetzen . die aufgabenstellung erfordert muttersprachliche kompetenz des deutschen . projektpartner sind xerox ( grenoble ) sowie die universit = e4ten amsterdam , avignon , brno , madrid , pisa , sheffield und tartu . die zum 1 . 11 . 1997 zu besetzende stelle steht - vorbehaltlich der endgueltigen bewilligung - bis zum 31 . 03 . 1999 zur verfuegung . bewerbungen mit lebenslauf , einer zusammenstellung der forschungserfahrungen und - interessen und referenzadressen werden per post oder email erbeten an : helmut feldweg seminar fuer sprachwissenschaft universitaet tuebingen wilhelmstr . 113 d-72074 tuebingen e-mail : feldweg @ sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de bis zum 30 . september 1997 eingehende berwerbungen werden vornehmlich beruecksichtigt .
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1721,"Subject: call for papers : panel on telephone calls
 
 panel : a panel is being organized for the 6th international pragmatics conference to be held on 19 - 24 july 1998 in reims , france . the panel is entitled "" telephone calls : unity and diversity of conversational structure across languages and cultures "" . aim : the aim of this panel is to bring together researchers working on telephone calls in different societies using conversational data from different languages to present their findings , to compare and contrast them with those of researchers working on other languages and in different cultures , and to discuss any similarities and differences . papers adopting a comparative perspective are especially welcome . anyone interested in offering a paper to this panel is invited to write to either of the organizers , to whom queries about further details of the conference can also be addressed . panel organizers : 1 . theodossia - soula pavlidou , department of linguistics , aristotle university of thessaloniki , greece . ( pavlidou @ lit . auth . gr ) 2 . k . k . luke , department of linguistics , university of hong kong , pokfulam , hong kong . ( kkluke @ hkusua . hku . hk )
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1722,"Subject: new books
 
 the modern language society of helsinki is pleased to announce the publication of vol . 52 in its series memoires de la societe neophilologique de helsinki : to explain the present , studies in the changing english language in honour of matti rissanen , edited by terttu nevalainen and leena kahlas - tarkka . helsinki : societe neophilologique . 1997 . ( 503 p . usd 50 . ) the volume contains 29 articles on english corpus linguistics and the historical study of the english language by internationally recognized contributors . it was presented to professor matti rissanen on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday in june 1997 . contributors : part i : from old to early modern english : norman f . blake , fran colman , antonette dipaolo healey , risto hiltunen , dieter kastovsky , matti kilpio , roger lass , anneli meurman - solin , bruce mitchell , saara nevanlinna , michiko ogura , kirsti peitsara , antoinette renouf , fred c . robinson , irma taavitsainen and paivi pahta part ii : from early modern english to the present day : john anderson , douglas biber and edward finegan , manfred gorlach , stig johansson , barbara kryk - kastovsky , merja kyto and suzanne romaine , geoffrey leech and jonathan culpeper , magnus ljung , helena raumolin - brunberg and arja nurmi , mats ryden , jan svartvik and alex chengyu fang , ingrid tieken - boon van ostade , gunnel tottie , susan wright . previous volumes in the series : vol . 45 ( 1987 , 591 p . usd 48 . 00 ) neophilologica fennica ( societe neophilologique 100 ans , neuphilologischer verein 100 jahre , modern language society 100 years ) , edenda curavit leena kahlas - tarkka . vol . 46 ( 1987 , 192 p . usd 29 . 00 ) leena kahlas - tarkka , the uses and shades of meaning of words for ' every ' and ' each ' in old english , with an addendum on early middle english developments . vol . 47 ( 1988 , 248 p . usd 36 . 00 ) irma taavitsainen , middle english lunaries : a study of the genre . vol . 48 ( 1988 , 104 p . usd 14 . 00 ) roberto e marjatta wis , angel ganivet in finlandia . studio biografico e testi ( con 32 tavole ) . vol . 49 ( 1989 , 285 p . usd 43 . 00 ) matti kilpio , passive constructions in old english translations from latin , with special reference to the oe bede and the pastoral care . vol . 50 ( 1991 , 308 p . usd 43 . 00 ) helena raumolin - brunberg , the noun phrase in early sixteenth - century english : a study based on sir thomas more 's writings . vol . 51 ( 1991 , 314 p . usd 43 . 00 ) terttu nevalainen , but , only , just : focusing adverbial change in modern english 1500-1900 . all volumes are available from : tiedekirja bookshop kirkkokatu 14 , fin-00170 helsinki , finland fax : + 358 - 9-635017 for further information , please contact < pekka . kuusisto @ helsinki . fi > or visit the homepage of the modern language society < http : / / www . helsinki . fi / jarj / ufy / > .
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1723,"Subject: international ta program manager , univ . connecticut
 
 the university of connecticut seeks a manager for the international teaching assistant program . the manager will develop and direct a language assessment program for international teaching assistants ; design and coordinate field - specific international teaching assistant training in consultation with departmental teaching assistant coordinators ; advise the university on policy issues ; and consult with faculty and administration regarding international teaching assistant concerns . the successful candidate should have a master 's degree in linguistics or tesol and experience teaching and administering a similar program . highly desirable are experience in applying linguistic and communication theories ; curriculum development ; speak , tse , and other oral english assessment tools ; and working with international students . excellent interpersonal communication skills are very important . this is a full-time , three-year appointment with possible extension . salary is negotiable based on qualifications and experience . applications should include a cover letter , curriculum vitae , and teaching evaluations . applicants should also arrange to have at least three letters of reference sent . address all correspondence to : diane lillo - martin , chair itap manager search committee university of connecticut linguistics department , u-145 storrs , ct 06269 ( search # 98a19 ) at the university of connecticut , our commitment to excellence is complemented by our commitment to building a culturally diverse staff . we actively encourage minorities , women , and people with disabilities to apply .
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1724,"Subject: new book : sociolinguistics
 
 new coursebook ofelia garcia and joshua a . fishman ( editors ) the multilingual apple languages in new york city 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xiv , 373 pages paperback dm 68 , - / us $ 29 . 95 isbn 3-11 - 015707 - 1 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this book will be of special interest to the general reader concerned with the issue of language in the united states , as well as the language specialist and socio-linguist . it has been written to inform those wishing to learn more about the role that languages other than english have had , and continue to have , in the life of one of the most important united states cities , new york . at the same time this volume makes an important contribution to the scholarly literature on urban multilingualism and the sociology of language . the book contains chapters on languages of ethnolinguistic groups who arrived early in new york and which have been somewhat silenced ( irish , german , yiddish ) , the languages of groups who made early contributions and continue to be heard in the city ( italian , greek , spanish , hebrew ) , and languages which are acquiring an important voice in the city today ( chinese , indian languages , english creoles , haitian creole ) . contents ofelia garcia and joshua a . fishman , foreword * i . introduction to the multilingual apple * ofelia garcia , new york 's multilingualism : world languages and their role in a u . s . city * ii . the language of early arrivals : still encountered * kenneth e . nilsen , irish in nineteenth century new york * john r . costello , german in new york * hannah kliger and rakhmiel peltz , yiddish in new york * iii . the languages with vitality in the past and the present * hermann w . haller , italian in new york * chrysie m . costantakos and john n . spiridakis , greek in new york * ana celia zentella , spanish in new york * alvin i . schiff , hebrew in new york * iv . the languages with the newest sounds and of newest faces * shiwen pan , chinese in new york * kamal k . sridhar , the languages of india in new york * carole m . berotte joseph , haitian creole in new york * lise winer and lona jack , english caribbean creole in new york * v . concluding observations to the multilingual apple * joshua a . fishman , do ethnics have culture ? and what 's so special about new york anyway ? * contributors * index examination copies for course adoption are available upon request . please contact the publisher . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de to order , please send fax or email to the above adress
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1725,"Subject: position in speech & hearing sciences
 
 position : professor ( full , associate , or assistant ) ph . d . program in speech and hearing sciences the graduate school and university center , located in midtown manhattan , is part of the city university of new york , the nation 's largest public urban university . over 4000 students are enrolled in 32 doctoral programs and 7 master 's programs . the ph . d . program in speech and hearing sciences , with approximately 75 students , is one of the most distinguished in the country . this position , beginning in september 1998 , is for a professor specializing in the neurophysiological aspects of language production and / or processing . the successful individual will be able to develop and sustain a research program , to teach , and to supervise dissertations in these areas . a history of external funding for research or the potential to obtain funding is desired . the candidate should have a strong background in linguistics or psycholinguistics and an interest in clinical populations . the individual must have a record of empirical and scholarly publications in one or more areas of the neurophysiology of language . qualifications : required : ph . d . or equivalent in the discipline from an accredited university , a substantial record of research and publications , excellence in teaching , and experience supervising doctoral students . review of applications will begin october 1 , 1997 . send a letter of application , curriculum vitae , sample publications , and three letters of reference to : professor richard g . schwartz ph . d . program in speech and hearing sciences cuny graduate school and university center 33 west 42 street new york , ny 10036 rschwart @ email . gc . cuny . edu the city university of new york is an eo / aa / ada / irca employer richard g . schwartz , ph . d . ph . d . program in speech and hearing sciences city university of new york graduate school and university center 33 west 42 street new york , ny 10036 usa rschwart @ email . gc . cuny . edu phone : ( 212 ) 642-2352 fax : ( 212 ) 642-2379
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1726,"Subject: new books : historical linguistics
 
 new titles from john benjamins publishing historical linguistics : historical linguistics 1993 . selected papers from the 11th international conference on historical linguistics , los angeles , 16-20 august 1993 . henning andersen ( ed . ) 1995 x , 460 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 124 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 578 8 price : us $ 110 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3627 5 price : hfl . 190 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this volume contains a selection of papers from the 11th international conference on historical linguistics ; among them are a few presented at the workshop on typology and parameters organized during the conference . the 34 papers discuss a variety of topics , reflecting the latest developments in research in historical linguistics and covering a wide range of languages . contributions by : andrew allen ; gregory s . anderson ; julie auger ; laurel brinton & dieter stein ; v = edt bubenik ; kate burridge ; concepci = f3n company ; c . jac conradie ; thomas d . cravens & luciano giannelli ; naomi cull ; andrei danchev ; bridget drinka ; richard epstein ; jadranka gvozdanovic ; kaoru horie ; masataka ishikawa ; bernard jacquinod ; dieter kastovsky ; ritva laury ; leena l = f6fstedt , silvia luraghi ; maria manoliu - manea ; jaap van marle ; ana maria martins ; chantal melis ; robert w . murray ; johanna nichols ; jairo nunes ; claudia parodi ; betty s . philips ; susan pintzuk ; pieter van reenen & lene schosler ; elke ronneberger - sibold ; nigel vincent . comparative indo-european linguistics . an introduction robert s . p . beekes 1995 xxii , 376 pp . us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 504 4 price : us $ 75 . 00 paper : 1 55619 505 2 price : $ 24 . 95 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 2150 2 price : hfl . 125 , - - paper : 90 272 2151 0 price : hfl . 50 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this book gives a comprehensive introduction to comparative indo - european linguistics , the first to appear in english . it starts with a presentation of the languages of the family ( from english and the other germanic languages , the celtic and slavic languages , latin , greek and sanskrit through armenian and albanian ) and a discussion of the culture and origin of the indo - europeans , the speakers of the indo - european proto-language , who are considered to have lived in what is today the ukraine . the book gives an introduction into the nature of language change and the methods of reconstruction of older language stages , with many examples ( from the indo - european languages ) . a full description is given of the sound changes , which makes it possible to follow the origin of the different indo - european languages step by step . this is followed by a discussion of the development of all the morphological categories of proto - indo - european . the book presents the latest in scholarly insights , like the laryngeal and glottalic theory , accentuation , the ablaut patterns and these are systematically integrated into the treatment . while the book presents a large amount of material and discusses many principles and the relevant terminology , it is written in a very readable and lucid style . use of the book is facilitated by an appendix on phonetics , a glossary , full indexes , and an extensive bibliography . the book can be used as a first introduction to the field , and at the same time brings the reader to the current moment of research . zur geschichte der deutschen sprache . new edition with an introductory article by kurt r . jankowsky wilhelm scherer 1995 lxii , 246 pp . amsterdam classics in linguistics , 16 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 770 5 price : us $ 97 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 1994 x price : hfl . 170 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com wilhelm scherer ( 1841-1886 ) has gained wide recognition for his extraordinary accomplishments in linguistics as well as in literary studies . his first and most important contribution to the development of linguistic science was his monumental work of 508 pages zur geschichte der deutschen sprache , published in 1868 . his stated objective was "" to subject all aspects of the germanic grammar to a new treatment . "" while such a wording sounds rather modest , the actual implementation in his book , if viewed within the framework of his time , might very appropriately be called revolutionary . he broke with august schleicher 's distinction between 'd evelopment ' ( in prehistorical time ) and 'd ecay ' ( in historical time ) in the history of language and replaced it with his notion of continuous , uninterrupted development . his survey of the relevant literature of his time is almost exhaustive , and his findings serve as the solid stepping stone for his own advances . to facilitate reading , the editor has supplied an index of names ( with life dates ) , a complete listing of the literature referred to by scherer as well as an introduction to scherer 's life and his general scholarly achievements . towards a history of the basque language jose ignacio hualde , joseba a . lakarra & r . l . trask ( eds . ) 1995 365 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 131 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 585 0 price : us $ 90 . 00 rest of world : cloth : 90 272 3634 8 price : hfl . 150 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com questions related to the origin and history of the basque language spark considerable interest , since it is the only surviving pre - indo - european language in western europe . however , until now , there was no readily available source in english providing answers to these questions or giving an overview of past and current research in this area . this book is intended to partly fill this void . the book contains both state-of - the-art papers which summarize our knowledge about particular areas of basque historical linguistics , and articles presenting new hypotheses and points of view based on hard evidence and careful analysis . all contributors to this volume have demonstrated expertise in the topic within basque historical linguistics that their chapter addresses . two classical articles by the late luis michelena are included in english translation . in addition , the book includes studies on diachronic phonology , morphology and syntax . the relation of basque to other languages is also investigated in a couple of chapters . english historical linguistics 1994 . papers from the 8th international conference on english historical linguistics ( 8 icehl , edinburgh , 19-23 september 1994 ) 1996 viii , 403 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 135 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 590 7 price : us $ 84 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3639 9 price : hfl . 150 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this volume offers a selection of 19 papers from those read at the 8th international conference on english historical linguistics . the topics discussed span the whole history of english from the common germanic period to the present century . the book also includes , as appropriate to the conference venue , a number of papers on the aspects of the historical development of scots and scottish english . historical pragmatics . pragmatic developments in the history of english andreas h . jucker ( ed . ) 1995 xvi , 624 pp . pragmatics & beyond new series , 35 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 328 9 price : us $ 97 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 5047 2 price : hfl . 170 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com until very recently , pragmatics has been restricted to the analysis of contemporary spoken language while historical linguistics has studied historical texts and language change in a decontextualized way . this has now radically changed and scholars from around the world are trying to build a new theoretical framework that integrates recent advances both in pragmatics and in historical linguistics . this volume , which contains 22 original titles , starts with an introduction that is both a state-of - the-art account of historical pragmatics and a programmatic statement of its future potential and its different subfields . part i contains seven pragmaphilological papers that deal with historical texts and their interpretations by paying close attention to the communicative context of these texts . the second and third parts comprise papers in diachronic pragmatics . the ten papers of part ii take a linguistic form as their starting point , e . g . particular lexical items or syntactic constructions , and study their pragmatic functions at different times ( diachronic form-to - function mappings ) , while the four papers of part iii take a particular pragmatic function as their starting point . e . g . discourse strategies or politeness , and study their linguistic realisation at different times ( diachronic function-to - form mappings ) . contributions by : c . allen ; u . bach ; h . bergrer ; e . bern = e1rdez & p . tejada ; m . fludernik : g . fritz ; w . h = fcllen ; a . jacobs & a . jucker ; r . kopytko ; s . kryk - kastovsky ; j . lennard ; j . de lima ; p . navarro - errasti ; t , nevalainen & h . raumolin - brunberg ; n . onodera ; g . ronberg , s . schwenter & e . traugott ; i . taavistainen ; t . virtanen ; k . wales ; s . w = e5rvik ; r . watts semitic and indo-european : the principal etymologies . with observations on afro-asiatic saul levin 1995 xxii , 514 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 129 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 583 4 price : us $ 97 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3632 1 price : hfl . 170 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this volume presents the key examples of morphological correspondences between indo - european and semitic languages , afforded by nouns , verbal roots , pronouns , prepositions , and numerals . its focus is on shared morphology embodied in the cognate vocabulary . the facts that are brought out in this volume do not fit comfortably within either the indo - europeanists ' or the semitists ' conception of the prehistoric development of their languages . nonetheless they are so fundamental that many would take them for evidence of a single original source , ' proto - nostratic ' . in this book , however , it is considered unsettled whether proto - ie and proto - semitic had a common forerunner . but the ie - semitic combinations testify at least to prehistoric language communities in truly intimate contact . questions ? contact bernie keck email : service @ benjamins . com
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1727,"Subject: two summaries
 
 i apologize for being so negligent in posting these summaries to questions i asked 6 weeks ago . the responses were plentiful and very useful , and quick ! congratulations go to james vanden bosch ( vand @ calvin . edu ) and rob pensalfini ( rjpensal @ mit . edu ) who answered my questions on french loan words and language evolution before i had even received the posting from linguistlist . wow . the figure i had remembered was that some 10 , 000 words were borrowed from french into english . as most people said , it comes from baugh , albert c . ( 1951 ) , _ a history of the eng lang _ , 2nd edn . routledge & kegan paul , london , p . 215 . which was basically the only place i had n't looked . other interesting information : p . 327 "" according to jespersen , nearly half ( 42 . 7 percent ) of the french borrowing in english to ca . 1900 belong to this [ 1250-1400 ] period . 36 . > from thomas pyles , the origins and development of the english language . ny : harcourt brace jovanovich 1971 , 2nd ed . pyles is quoting ( his footnote 36 ) : jesperson , growth and structure of the english language , 9th ed . oxford 1954 ( orig . pub . 1905 ) . other references : coleman , julie ( 1995 ) the chronology of french and latin loan words in english . _ transactions of the philological society _ 93 , 95-124 . there are further references there . there 's also a recent book , i think , by christiane dalton - puffer . steve seegmiller wrote : the total number of borrowings from french is certainly much higher that 10 , 000 - probably ten times that number or more , if you count the word in an unabridged dictionary ( rather than , say , the 20 , 000 most common words ) . i have heard figures ( perhaps from jespersen again , i ' m not sure ) to the effect that 80 % of all of the words in are borrowings , and 80 % of those are from french and latin . > from terry nadasdi i just saw your posting on linguist . i do n't have an exact reference , just a suggestion of where you might consider looking . i just had a look at my m . a . thesis which was on english loan words in canadian french . i have a quote there which suggests that w . d . whitney might be a place you could look . the quote is as follows : "" rarely has any cultivated tongue , during a like period of history given up more of its ancient material than did the english during the few centuries which succeeded the norman invasion . . . "" this quote by whitney was taken from a . elliot , 1889 in an article entitled "" speech mixture in french canada "" , american journal of philology , vol . x , 2 "" speech mixture in french canada "" , american journal of philology , vol . x , 2 no . 38 . p . 158-186 . i unfortunately no longer have the article with me , but your library should have it in order that you might find the original whitney source which give actual numbers of loan words from french to english . thanks again to ( in no particular order ) : roslyn blyn - ladrew ( jladrew @ chesco . com ) david denison ( mfcepdd @ fs1 . art . man . ac . uk ) steve seegmiller ( seegmillerm @ alpha . montclair . edu ) terry nadasdi ( tnadasdi @ gpu . srv . ualberta . ca ) burns cooper ( ffgbc @ aurora . alaska . edu ) w . h . edmondson ( w . h . edmondson @ cs . bham . ac . uk ) terry lynn irons ( t . irons @ morehead-st . edu ) ( and anyone else i missed ) this was my original second posting about the evolution of languages : > i once read that the natural evolution of a language is from > analytic to synthetic . i ' ve been unable to find that assertion > since , and am wondering if i made it up . replies to this open question were much more varied and i ' ll quote them all . > from rob pensalfini ( rjpensal @ mit . edu ) : i can't comment on who might have said it , but it has probably been said . i think english serves as a counterexample to some degree , where you had a highly inflecting language that lost a lot of its inflection ( verbal and nominal ) and now uses prepositions et al where case marking would have once done the work . i always imagined it as a circle , so that a fully isolating language might start to incorporate certain things and over the centuries become synthetic , polysynthetic even ( incorporating not only adpositions but pronominal arguments ) . eventually , some of the distinctions encoded in the inflection might be lost , some of the inflection might be lost altogether , and then the language ( we ' re talking centuries later again ) might use independent words ( perhaps adverbials or something ) to indicate particular grammatical relations , and lo and behold you ' ve got an isolating language again . the fact that change in either direction is possible is why there are two sides to debates on things like what the ancestor australian language ( s ) might have looked like . australia has both head marking ( polysynthetic ) languages and dependent ( case - ) marking languages , as well as languages that are a mixture of the two . some people think that the original language was dependent marking and that truncation and cliticisation of pronouns led to head-marking ( ken hale and i are among these people ) , while other people take the equally valid view that the ancestor was synthetic and that case marking developed in conjunction with the loss of head marking . hope this was of some use , rob carl mills ( carl . mills @ uc . edu ) wrote : i do n't know who made up this "" theory , "" but they are probably wrong . on this view , what happened to english between ca . 800 and ca . 1500 ? ? > from peter daniels ( pdaniels @ press-gopher . uchicago . edu ) : there are some remarks on this in the new book by anatole lyovin , * introduction to the languages of the world * ( oxford , 1997 ) ; i do n't remember whether he gives references . but the notion of progress between types is certainly found in max muller . i believe it was folks like boas who laid it to rest ; meanwhile the romance future formation cycle had been noticed , and if high - class languages like latin and french could oscillate between analytic and synthetic , then obviously it could n't be an evolutionary sequence ! > from john halloran ( seagoat @ pop . primenet . com ) : a trend from agglutinative to inflective was identified by bernard h . bichakjian in his article "" evolutionary patterns in linguistics "" which appeared in studies in language origins , vol 2 , ed . walburga von raffler - engel , jan wind , and abraham jonker ( amsterdam / philadelphia : john benjamins , 1991 ) , pp . 187-224 . he also identifies some other trends in linguistic evolution . geoffrey sampson ( geoffs @ cogs . susx . ac . uk ) wrote : my memory is that adalbert schleicher , who was the first writer to describe language evolution as a natural process akin ( or even identical ) to biological evolution , thought of the movement from analytic to synthetic as a decay which came about after the intellectual progress of mankind had attained a point at which it no longer needed to be supported by specific linguistic structures - - and that this was linked to themes in hegel 's philosophy , about which i am deeply vague . > from ian dale ( iandale @ ccs . carleton . ca ) : i take it you are referring in the first instance to wilhelm von humboldt . a few quick references . edward sapir ( language , 1921 , chapter 6 ) deals rather extensively with a rather more detailed typological comparison , without specific reference to humboldt . charles f . hockett ( 1958 , a course in modern linguistics , p181 ) dismisses such ideas out of hand , without giving a reference . r . h . robins ( 1964 , general linguistics : an introductory survey , pp 331 - 335 ) also discusses this sort of classification and does refer specifically to humboldt 's "" ueber die verschiedenheit des menschlichen sprachbaues , berlin , 1836 ( reprinted darmstadt , 1949 . "" but as to any sort of "" natural evolution "" , all ( and i imagine this "" all "" would include nearly all linguists ) agree that this is out of the question , especially if "" evolution "" has anything to do with "" progress , "" and especially since most languages display both synthetic and analytic features ( not to speak of such other terms as polysynthetic , agglutinative , isolating , and inflecting ) . > from asya pereltsvaig ( asya @ mail . netvision . net . il ) hi , i do n't know if it 's of any help to you or it will just confuse you , but i remember reading somewhere of just the opposite approach : that languages develop from synthetic to analytic . however , i can't address you to a reference right now . laurie bauer ( laurie . bauer @ vuw . ac . nz ) writes : if it is , the history of romance from latin needs some explanation - - or english from germanic , for that matter . yet if you consider french le livre , je l ' ai lu , moi in terms of phonology instead of traditional word breaks , we could argue that we have le _ livre je _ l ' ai _ lu moi in three words , the middle one of which is synthetic , derived from a more analytic j ' ai lu le livre . so we find both directions occurring naturally . whew ! thanks to everyone . this has shown me that there is no simple answer and that i should just as likely believe the opposite as what i thought i had read . m melanie misanchuk department of french italian and spanish university of calgary calgary , alberta , canada
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1728,"Subject: nineteenth annual cognitive science conference
 
 the nineteenth annual conference of the cognitive science society will be held at stanford university from august 7 to 10 , 1997 . this year 's meeting will run four days and include eight half-day symposia on selected topics . for information about registration and housing , see the conference web site at http : / / www-csli . stanford . edu / cogsci97 which also contains information about other aspects of the meeting . we have kept this year 's registration fee low to make the conference accessible to as many people as possible . registration is only $ 100 for members of the cognitive science society and $ 155 to $ 183 for nonmembers . however , this rate holds only until the early registration deadline of july 1 , 1997 , so please register as soon as possible . on - campus housing , which we encourage , is also available if you register by this date . the conference web site includes both postscript and electronic versions of the registration and housing form . we look forward to seeing you at stanford this august .
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1729,"Subject: new perspectives on language acquisition ( revised )
 
 conference program ( revised ) new perspectives on language acquisition : minimalism and pragmatics university of massachusetts , amherst bartlett 65 june 2 , 3 , 4 1997 day 1 : early stages in child language / negation monday , june 2 9-10 registration session 1 : early stages of language acquisition 10-11 invited speaker : david lebeaux n . e . c . "" determining the kernel ii : prosodic form , syntactic form , and phonological bootstrapping "" 11-11 : 30 susan powers university of potsdam , germany "" binary processes and structures in language acquisition "" 11 : 30-12 coffee 12-12 : 30 mireia llinas i grau universitat autonoma de barcelona , spain "" verb - complement patterns in early catalan "" 12 : 30-13 mary sweig wilson and jeffrey pascoe laureate learning systems , inc . "" the minimalist program : implications for early language intervention "" 13-14 lunch session 2 : negation i 14-14 : 30 judy baek , m . i . t . "" object shift , subject position and verb raising in korean "" 14 : 30-15 lamya abdulkarim , thomas roeper , and jill de villiers university of massachusetts , amherst , smith college "" negative islands in acquisition : lf - feature movement or chain links "" 15-15 : 30 coffee 15 : 30-16 dana macdaniel , judy bernstein , and cecelia mckee university of southern maine , university of arizona "" minimalist perspectives on resumptive pronouns in children 's and adults ' relatives "" session 3 : negation ii 16-16 : 30 d ' jaris coles university of massachusetts , amherst "" linguistic constraints on negative concord in african - american english "" session 3 : 16 : 30-17 alison henry , cathy finlay and john wilson university of ulster , jordanstown ( ireland ) "" the acquisition of negative concord "" 17-18 invited speaker : frans zwarts university of groningen , the netherlands "" semantic parameters in language acquisition "" 19 : 30 party at tom 's day 2 : developing representations : specificity , temporality , and theory of mind tuesday , june 3 session 1 : specificity 9 - 9 : 30 jeanette schaeffer m . i . t . "" the interaction between syntax and pragmatics in first language acquisition "" 9 : 30-10 ana perez - leroux "" specificty , the acquisition of dps , and development of a theory of mind "" 10-10 : 30 coffee session 2 : inflection 10 : 30-11 sharon armon - lottem university of maryland "" agreement mismatches and the economy of derivation "" 11-11 : 30 alison henry , lindsay klimacka and alex smith university of ulster , jordanstown ( ireland ) , cherryville clinic "" sli , optional infinitives and parameter setting "" 11 : 30-12 janice jackson university of massachusetss , amherst "" aspectual knowledge in african - american children "" 12-13 lunch session 3 : acquisition and temporality across languages 13-13 : 30 laura wagner university of pennsylvania "" what children know when they understand viewpoint aspect "" 13 : 30-14 angeliek van hout i . r . c . s . "" on the role of direct objects and particles in clearning telicity "" 14-14 : 30 michael walsh dickey university of massachusetts "" tense and discourse in the acquisition of african - american english "" 14 : 30-15 coffee session 4 : tense and theory of mind 15-15 : 30 jill de villiers smith college "" on acquiring the structural representations for false complements "" 15 : 30-16 bart hollebrandse university of massachusetts , amherst "" on theory of mind and sequence of tense "" 16-16 : 30 commentator angelika kratzer university of massachusetts , amherst day 3 : minimalism and new approaches to child grammar wednesday , june 4 session 1 : later stages and minimalism 9 - 9 : 30 shalom zuckerman university of groningen , the netherlands "" the acquisition of verb movement in hebrew "" 9 : 30-10 william snyder , deborah chen , maki yamane , laura conway , and kazuko hiramatsu university of connecticut "" on the nature of children 's left - branch violations "" 10-10 : 30 carole tenny boster university of connecticut "" a minimalist processing approach to early subject omissions "" 10 : 30-11 coffee 11-11 : 30 arild hestvik university of bergen , norway "" optimality theoretic account of children 's coreference errors "" 11 : 30-12 ayumi matsuo university of connecticut "" reciprocity and binding in early child grammar "" 12-12 : 30 thomas roeper university of massachusetts , amherst "" minimal syntactic structures "" farewell registration $ 10 ( $ 5 for students ) this conference is sponsored by the psycholinguistic trainee grant , graduate school umass , linguistics department and the afro american english grant at the communication disorders department . for more information : holleb @ linguist . umass . edu bart hollebrandse linguistics department university of massachusetts amherst , ma 01003 u . s . a . ( 413 ) 545 0885
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1730,"Subject: a grammar of bella coola
 
 new book announcement davis , philip w . and ross saunders . 1997 . a grammar of bella coola . university of montana occasional papers in linguistics no . 13 . pp . viii + 190 . isbn no . 1-879763 - 13 - 3 . us $ 20 ( shipping included ) . to order send check for $ 20 to umopl , linguistics program , university of montana , missoula , mt 59812 . for further information check http : / / www . umt . edu / ling / umopl / titles . htm
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1731,"Subject: new book : germanic linguistics
 
 we would like to bring to your attention this new book from john benjamins publishing in the field of germanic linguistics : germanic linguistics . syntactic and diachronic rosina lippi - green & joseph salmons ( eds . ) 1996 viii , 192 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 137 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 592 3 price : us $ 47 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3641 0 price : hfl . 110 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this volume contains ten revised and expanded papers selected from the dozens presented at the last michigan - berkeley germanic linguistics roundtable , five contributions each from syntax ( by werner abraham , sarah fagan , isabella barbier , john te velde , and ruth lanouette ) and historical linguistics ( by garry davis and gregory iverson , mary niepokuj , neil jacobs , edgar polome , and david fertig ) . the authors start from current theoretical discussions in syntactic and diachronic research , using theory to address longstanding but still current problems in germanic linguistics , from clitic placement and verb-second phenomena through the ' verschurfung ' to the twaddellian view of umlaut . each contribution relies on careful sifting of data situated in the relevant comparative context , germanic , indo - european and cross-linguistic . for further information please e-mail bernadette keck : service @ benjamins . com
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1732,"Subject: re : summary : ' no ' and ' man '
 
 thanks for all the responses . it was really something to get the number and quality of ideas . 1 . ' no ' my initial query was : south african english use of ' no ' - does this occur in contexts such as : a . how are you ? b . no , i ' m fine . in other english varieties / other languages ? confronted with such examples , vistors to the country often comment that in sa english , ' no ' means ' yes ' . this , of course , is not true . ' no ' would be the response to the question ' do you have the time ? ' if the speaker did n't have the time . * generally : a couple of people commented that ' no ' definitely does not mean ' yes ' in these contexts . what it does is rather to negate the possibility of a negative belief concerning the answer to the question . in the example above , for instance , b . is negating a . 's possible belief that b . is not well . why south africans hold that the possibility of such negative beliefs is so strong they have to be denied remains to be seen . * ' no ' in other varieties of english the use of ' no ' in the types of examples cited anyway is not recorded according to the responses in : - australian english - american english - english english it is recorded in : - nigerian and ghanaian english there do appear to be related ( but not identical ) discourse uses of ' no ' and similar particles in other varieties of english . few english responses actually dealt with this usage at all . by far the majority were on ' man ' * ' no ' in other languages ' no ' does seem to be used in a variety of other languages in the same way as in sa english . similar uses are recorded in : - the scandinavian languages - german ( 'd och ' - similar but not identical ) - cameroon french - bangkok thai ( ' plaw ' - lit . ' empty ' ) - spanish ? it also occurs , incidentally , in afrikaans . 2 . ' man ' my question here related to the use of ' man ' to express a negative emotional involvement of the speaker of some sort - irritation , impatience or annoyance . examples given were : man it 's hot today hurry up mom , man man , i can't this right * english a huge response that showed that ' man ' is used similarly in : - american english ( both ' black ' and ' white ' ) - scottish english - tyneside english ( in north east of england ) - jamaican english - welsh english - an ' americanism ' found in other varieties of english . the american english usage at least does not necessary carry negative sentiment and is ' a more general tag . . . over which any kind of emotional intonation can be laid ' . example b . above , an example which typifies sa usage , was found to be odd ( ' wierd ' ) by american respondants . the reason for this is that ' man ' although an interjection still appears to ' have the flavour of a term of address so that ' mom , man ' sounds like two forms of direct address in a row ' . it seems , then , that ' man ' in sae does not bare the feature ' term of address ' at all in such contexts . the only instance in which similar usages were given was in tyneside english . ( ' shut up man geoff ' ' those kegs are too tight man mary ' . here though , the actual term of address occurs finally as opposed to the use of ' man ' finally in sae . this needs to be explored further , but of further interest : - there is a distinctly ' american ' use of ' man ' in sae that is not like the south african use of man ( ' cool man ' type of utterances ) . - other sa examples of man : - daddy , man ! ( 5 year old daughter after i stood on her toe ) - man , david , i do n't mean that ( wife and self in ' altercation ' ) - no man , that 's not right . - man ! this bloody computer is giving problems . - saenglish ' man ' alternates between shwa and full vowel in all contexts . ( in sae shwa occurs as a vowel in stressed contexts - 's it ' can have shwa for eg ) : related usage in currant american english is the use of 'd ude ' . * other languages related uses of ' man ' include : - dutch - swedish ( ' boy ' is used in a similar way ) - norwegian - ? german use of ' etwa ' may have similar function - german ( ' usually to indicate weariness ' ) - spanish - ? lhasa tibetan ( ' mi ' - ' person ' ) interestingly in dutch the 'd ouble address form [ as in ' hurry up mom , man ' ] is impossible ( just "" schiet op , man "" must do ) . ' some interesting stuff came out as you can see . just for your interest , on further sa english item : - ' sorry ' for ' i beg your pardon ' e . g . a drops something without knowing . b picks it up and calls out to a ' sorry , you dropped something ' anyway thanks to : helen adamson geoffrey sampson elin haf gruffyd jones celso alvarez caccamo mai kuha mark donohue marek przezdziecki scott delancey mats eeg-olofsson dom watt hilde hasselgard nicole nelson jane a . edwards sren harder charlie rowe nobue mori adiego lajara bruce connell krisadawan hongladarom frank bramlett deborah milam berkley douglas s oliver larry trask kristine hasund paul boersma m . lynne roecklein judy l . delin benji wald stephen p . spackman john verhaar randall major + the person who wished to be anonymous for the references .
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1733,"Subject: available for review
 
 the book listed below is in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . language acquisition & prosody hung , feng sheng , 1996 . "" prosody and the acquisition of grammatical morphemes in chinese languages "" indiana university linguistics club . in this comparison study , hung investigates the influence of prosodic and phonological factors on the acquisition of frequently occurring grammatical morphemes in two morphosyntactically similar but prosodically different languages , namely taiwan mandarin chinese and taiwanese . through an analysis of the patterns of realization and omission of these morphemes in children 's speech , he concludes that rhythmic characteristics of languages can affect segmentation of input speech by providing different kinds of prosodic handles for the novice to grasp . metrical feet may offer mandarin children one kind of segmentation handle . in taiwanese , however , the syllable more likely functions as a segmentation unit .
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1734,"Subject: carnie @ linguistlist . org
 
 the book listed below is in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . philosophy of language : platts , mark , 1997 "" ways of meaning : an introduction to a philosophy of language "" 2nd edition . mit press , cambridge ma . the philosophy of language is not an isolated philosophical discipline of merely technical interest to other philosophers . rather , as mark platts shows , it can help to solve traditional problems in other areas of philosophy such as metaphysics , epistemology , and ethics . ways of meaning provides an introduction to such issues at the forefront of philosophy . the 2nd edition contains a new chapter on natural kinds .
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1735,"Subject: mini workshop on split constituents
 
 the syntax project of the innovationskolleg "" formal models of cognitive complexity "" wants to organize a mini-workshop on split constituents such as ( 1 ) or ( 2 ) some time in fall 1997 . ( 1 ) interessante buecher hat sie keine teuren gelesen interesting books has she no expensive read "" she did n't read any expensive interesting books "" [ german ] ( 2 ) na kakav je ivan krov bacio loptu on what-kind - of was ivan roof threw ball "" on what kind of roof did he throw a ball "" [ croatian ] if you are working on this kind of construction ( the language does not matter ) and if you would like to come to such a mini-workshop , please let us know . . . cavar @ rz . uni-potsdam . de fanselow @ rz . uni-potsdam . de
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1736,"Subject: hpsg97 program
 
 international conference on head-driven phrase-structure grammar hpsg97 at the summer institute of the lsa cornell , ithaca , ny july 18-20 , 1997 friday , july 18 , 1997 9 : 00-10 : 00 feature talk : title tba . carl pollard ( ohio state university ) . 10 : 00-10 : 30 adjuncts as complements : evidence from case assignment . adam przepiorkowski ( eberhard - karls - universitaet tuebingen ) . 10 : 30-11 : 00 conjunctive semantics for adjuncts : evidence from rationale infinitives . david baxter ( university of illinois at urbana - champaign ) . 11 : 00-11 : 20 coffee break 11 : 20-11 : 50 type - hierarchical analysis of gapless relative clauses in korean . jong - yul cha ( university of illinois at urbana - champaign ) . 11 : 50-12 : 20 the internally headed relative clause in japanese as a case of syntactic coercion . chiharu uda ( doshisha university ) . 12 : 20-12 : 50 linearization and wh - extraction in hpsg : evidence from a dialect of serbo - croatian . gerald penn ( eberhard - karls - universitaet tuebingen ) . 12 : 50 - 2 : 30 lunch break 2 : 30 - 3 : 00 the morphosyntax of serbo - croatian quantified np 's . stephen wechsler ( university of texas at austin ) and larisa zlatic ( university of texas at austin ) . 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 a lexical approach to quantifier floating , anne abeille ( university of paris 7 ) and daniele godard ( cnrs and university of paris 7 ) . 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 verb - second structures in breton . bob borsley ( university of wales , bangor ) and andreas kathol ( uc berkeley ) . 4 : 00 - 4 : 30 west greenlandic noun incorporation in a monohierarchical theory of grammar . rob malouf ( stanford university ) . 4 : 30 - 4 : 50 lemonade break 4 : 50 - 5 : 20 parallel morpho - syntactic constraints in european portuguese cliticization . berthold crysmann ( university of saarland ) . 5 : 20 - 5 : 50 clitic climbing in noun phrases . dimitra kolliakou ( university of groningen and university of newcastle ) . 5 : 50 - 6 : 20 the structure of french causatives . michael calcagno ( ohio state university ) and carl pollard ( ohio state university ) . saturday july 19 , 1997 9 : 00 - 1 : 00 feature talk title tba . peter sells ( stanford university ) . 10 : 00-10 : 30 vp relatives in german . ehrard hinrichs ( eberhard - karls - universitaet tuebingen ) and tsuneko nakazawa ( university of tokyo ) . 10 : 30-11 : 00 the semantics of relative clause extraposition . tibor kiss ( ibm germany ) . 11 : 00-11 : 20 coffee break 11 : 20-11 : 50 the scope - marking construction in german . andreas kathol ( uc berkeley ) . 11 : 50-12 : 20 a syntactic analysis for wh-questions in german . anke feldhaus ( eberhard - karls - universitaet tuebingen ) 12 : 20-12 : 50 locus agreement in american sign language : an hpsg analysis . kearsy cormier ( university of texas at austin ) . 12 : 50 - 2 : 30 lunch break 2 : 30 - 3 : 00 idiomatic constructions in hpsg . susanne riehemann ( stanford university ) . 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 no one 's forgotten the periphery , have they ? emily bender ( stanford university ) and dan flickinger ( stanford university ) . 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 lexicalization of context . graham wilcock ( university of manchester and sharp corporation ) . 4 : 00 - 4 : 20 lemonade break 4 : 20 - 4 : 50 grammar acquisition by probabilistic model transformation . eugene koontz ( suny - buffalo ) . 4 : 50 - 5 : 20 modular integration and interpretation of principles in cf-psg . josef van genabith ( dublin city university ) 5 : 20 - 5 : 50 ' inside - out ' constraints and description language for hpsg grammars . jean - pierre koenig ( suny - buffalo ) . hpsg-97 party 6 : 30-10 : 30 sunday , july 20 , 1997 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 english number names in hpsg . jeff smith ( san jose state university ) 9 : 30-10 : 00 long - distance reflexives and the binding square of opposition . antonio branco ( dfki and university of lisbon ) and palmira marrafa ( university of lisbon ) 10 : 00-10 : 30 on locality of negative concord in polish and romance . adam przepiorkowski ( eberhard - karls - universitaet tuebingen ) and anna kupsc ( polish academy of sciences and university of paris 7 ) 10 : 30-11 : 30 feature talk : title tba . howard gregory and shalom lappin ( soas , university of london ) . 11 : 30 - 2 : 00 lunch break 2 : 00 - 5 : 00 symposium : construction theory participants : charles fillmore ( uc berkeley ) , ellen prince ( university of pennsylvania ) , ivan sag , organizer , ( stanford university ) , gert webelhuth ( university of north carolina ) . registration : - participation in the conference is free for registered institute participants - for others : pre - registration ( before july 1 ) : $ 30 : non-students ; $ 15 students on - site registration : $ 40 : non-students ; $ 25 students to pre-register , send your name and affiliation to : via e-mail : jpkoenig @ acsu . bufalo . edu via snail-mail to : hpsg97 685 baldy hall state university of new york at buffalo buffalo , ny , 14052 - usa for any further information , see : http : / / linguistics . berkeley . edu / hpsg / hpsg97 or contact : jean - pierre koenig linguistics dept . 685 baldy hall state university of new york at buffalo buffalo , ny , 14052 ( 716 ) 655-9179 e-mail : jpkoenig @ acsu . buffalo . edu travel and lodging : some dorm space might be available for conference participants . details will be provided soon . for travel information , consult the cornell web page at : http : / / www . sce . cornell . edu / cuss / lsa . html for lodging in ithaca in general , consult the following web page : http : / / www . ithaca . ny . us / commerce / lodging . html for info on ithaca and the finger lakes region , consult : http : / / www . ithace . nys . us http : / / www . fingerlakes . com
",0
1737,"Subject: summer school on "" history of linguistics ""
 
 - - - - - the swiss linguistics society organizes a summer school on the topic "" historical epistemology of linguistics "" , from september 1st to september 5th , in sion ( switzerland ) . this summer school consists in two parts : 3 days of work-shops and 2 days of conference . for more informations please contact prof . alain berrendonner ( alain . berrendonner @ unifr . ch ) . you will find here the french presentation of the school and its program . ecole d ' ete "" epistemologie historique de la linguistique "" ( sion , 1 - 5 septembre 1997 ) nous avons le plaisir de vous annoncer que la 3e ecole d ' ete de la societe suisse de linguistique ( ssl ) , organisee en collaboration avec l ' institut kurt bosch , se tiendra du 1er au 5 septembre 1997 bramois pres de sion ( vs ) . buts . le theme retenu , epistemologie historique de la linguistique , tient d ' une part au fait que la ssl fete cette annee ses 50 ans d ' existence . il nous a semble particuliarement opportun , l ' occasion de ce jubile , de jeter un regard retrospectif sur l ' histoire de notre discipline . d ' autre part , l ' objectif des ecoles d ' ete de la ssl est d ' apporter un complement de formation aux etudiants , doctorands et jeunes chercheurs , en diffusant desinformations qui relevent de domaines de specialite peu ou pas representes dans les universites suisses . or , l ' enseignement de l ' histoire et de l ' epistemologie de la linguistique est loin d ' tre assur partout de faon systematique . il nous est donc apparu qu ' en choisissant ce theme , nous contribuions combler utilement une lacune institutionnelle . le but de l ' ecole est non seulement de fournir aux participants des connaissances sur le passe de la linguistique ( theories , doctrines , methodes . . . ) , mais aussi de favoriser l ' exchange d ' experiences entre chercheurs , la reflexion sur les modes de construction des objets de science , et la mise en perspective des pratiques cognitives . public vise . l ' ecole d ' ete est destinee principalement aux doctorands et jeunes chercheurs des universiters suisses , travaillant dans le domaine des sciences du langage . elle peut egalement interesser des specialistes en epistemologie , histoire des sciences , philosophie des sciences , histoire des idees . . . organisation . la premiere partie du programme comprend cinq demi-journees , consacrees chacune un cours , suivi de discussion et / ou de travaux diriges . la seconde partie prendra la forme d ' un colloque , au cours duquel divers sp = e9cialistes pr = e9senteront leurs resultats les plus recents , et illustreront leur methodologie sur des faits precis . la participation la totalite du programme est de rigueur . programme lundi 1er septembre . matin : konrad koerner ( toronto ) : sprachwissenschaftsgeschichte : sinn , zweck und methode . apres - midi : claudine normand ( paris x ) : le positivisme en linguistique . mardi 2 septembre . matin : d . baratin / f . desbordes : la pensee medievale et antique . apres - midi : j . - c . chevalier : grammaire scolaire vs grammaire gensra le du xviie au xixe sicle . mercredi 3 septembre . matin : b . schlieben-lange ( tubingen ) : kontinuitten und broche in sprachwissenschaftlichen diskursen . apres - midi : jubile de la ssl . regards sur 50 ans de linguistique en suisse conference de s . bouquet : l ' histoire editoriale des textes de linguistique generale de f . de saussure . jeudi 4 septembre / vendredi 5 septembre : colloque 9h - 9h45 d . skilian ( zagreb ) : la pensee linguistique grecque avant socrate . 9h45 - 10h30 r . h . robins ( londres ) : les grammairiens byzantins . 10h30 - 11h pause 11h - 11h45 r . amacker ( geneve ) : sur les formes de l ' argumentation chez les grammairiens latins . 12h repas 14h - 14h45 o . pombo ( lisbonne ) : la th = e9orie leibnizienne de la pensee aveugle en tant que perspective sur quelques apories linguistiques de la modernite . 14h45 - 15h30 j . breuillard ( lyon iii ) : etre linguiste en russie au xviiie siecle : la decouverte de la diversite des langues . 15h30 - 16h pause 16h - 16h45 j . trabant ( berlin ) : mithridates : de conrad gesner adelung / vater . 16h45 - 17h30 l . formigari ( rome ) : epistemologie de la linguistique chez steinthal . vendredi 5 septembre . 9h - 9h45 p . swiggers ( louvain ) : gillieron : structuraliste ou anti-structuraliste ? 9h45 - 10h30 a . fryba ( berne ) : philologie und sprachwissenschaft in der schweiz am anfang des 20 . jahrhunderts . 10h30 - 11h pause 11h - 11h45 j . fehr ( zurich ) : semiologie im spannungsfeld von sprache und schrift . 12h repas 14h - 14h45 d . gambarara ( univ . di calabria ) : l ' ouverture historique de l ' espace de la linguistique . 14h45 - 15h30 g . bergougnioux ( orl = e9ans ) : la langue et le cerveau : genese de l ' aphasie . 15h30 - 16h pause 16h - 16h45 k . wippich-horackova ( prague ) : sprachlehrwerke als spiegel der sprachwissenschaft . inscription . le nombre de participants est limite a 30 . les frais d ' inscription , couvrant l ' hebergement et les repas , se montent a sfr . 500 . - grce a une subvention de l ' academie suisse des sciences humaines , les frais d ' inscription d ' une dizaine de participants etudiants peuvent tre pris en charge par le budget de la ssl . la demande doit en otre faite au moment de l ' inscription . pour s ' inscrire , contacter au plus vite : societe suisse de linguistique ( ecole d ' ete ) prof . a . berrendonner criblet 13 , 1700 fribourg e-mail : alain . berrendonner @ unifr . ch
",0
1738,"Subject: muc - 7 call for participation
 
 * * * call for participation * * * seventh message understanding system evaluation and message understanding conference ( muc - 7 ) evaluation : 2 - 6 march 1998 conference : april 1998 washington , d . c . area sponsored by : the human language systems tipster text program of the defense advanced research projects agency information technology office ( darpa / ito ) the message understanding conferences have provided on ongoing forum for assessing the state of the art and practice in text analysis technology and for exchanging information on innovative computational techniques in the context of fully implemented systems that perform realistic tasks . the evaluations have provided researchers and potential sponsors and customers with a quantitative means to appreciate the strengths and weaknesses of the technologies , and the results reported on at the conferences have sparked customer interest in the potential utility of the technologies . the seventh message understanding conference ( muc - 7 ) will provide an opportunity for both new and experienced muc participants to participate in a flexible evaluation , suited to development needs and abilities . it will provide : * opportunity to select among a variety of tasks : named entity ( ne ) , coreference ( co ) , template element ( te ) , template relationship ( tr ) and scenario template ( st ) . * two tasks for evaluating component technologies ( ne and co ) , which use standard generalized markup language ( sgml ) as output format * redesigned information extraction ( ie ) task , with two domain-independent subtasks ( te and tr ) separated from domain-dependent subtask ( st ) . * emphases of st task on portability and on minimizing human resources required to participate in the evaluation . * three experimental tracks to explore new data sets and tasks . participation in muc - 7 is actively sought from both new and veteran organizations . with the new and redesigned evaluation tasks , muc - 7 offers a good opportunity for organizations to try out new ideas for handling nlp problems that are of both scientific and practical interest without having to participate in the entire range of tasks . the conference itself will consist primarily of presentations and discussions of innovative techniques , system design , and test results . there will also be an opportunity for participants to demo their evaluation systems . attendance at the conference is limited to evaluation participants and to guests invited by the darpa tipster text program . a conference proceedings , including test results , will be published . schedule : 1 july 97 : application deadline for participation 15 july 97 : release of ne , co , te , tr , and example st training data and scorer 8 september 97 : release of dry run st task definition , training data , and scorer 29 sept - 3 oct 97 : muc - 7 dry run ( all participants ) 6 february 98 : release of formal test st task definition , training data , and scorer 2 - 6 march 98 : muc - 7 formal run 7 - 9 april 98 : 7th message understanding conference ( tentative dates ) data and task description : the texts to be used for system development and testing are news service articles from the new york times news service , supplied by the linguistic data consortium ( ldc ) [ ldc @ ldc . upenn . edu ] . training , dry run , and test data for all the tasks are extracted from a corpus of approximately 158 , 000 articles . sets of articles to be used in the muc - 7 evaluation will be distributed via ftp upon payment of a one time fee of $ 100 and upon signing of a user agreement for the use of these texts . the user agreement can be retrieved from the ldc catalog ( evaluation agreements ) . the url for the ldc home page is : http : / / www . ldc . upenn . edu . five separate evaluations will be conducted as part of muc - 7 . the definition of these evaluations has been worked out since late 1996 by members of the muc - 7 planning committee . the evaluations may be viewed as capturing the results of text analysis at various levels of aggregation of information : * named entity ( ne ) requires only that the system under evaluation identify each bit of pertinent information in isolation from all others . * coreference ( co ) requires connecting all references to "" identical "" entities . * template element ( te ) requires grouping entity attributes together into entity "" objects . "" * template relationship ( tr ) requires identifying relationships between template elements . * scenario template ( st ) requires identifying instances of a task-specific event and identifying event attributes , including entities that fill some role in the event ; the overall information content is captured via interlinked "" objects . "" * experimental tracks using new data sets are variants of the ne task . the task definition is the same as for the basic ne task , but the texts are different . * experimental track involving a new task is a simplified version of the te task . key things to note about each evaluation task : * ne covers named organizations , people , and locations , along with date / time expressions and monetary and percentage expressions ; it requires production of sgml tags as output . * co covers noun phrases ( common and proper ) and personal pronouns that are "" identical "" in their reference ; it requires production of sgml tags as output ; the tags for coreferring strings form "" equivalance "" classes , which are used for scoring . * te covers organizations , persons , and artifacts , which are captured in the form of template "" objects "" consisting of a predefined set of attributes . * tr covers relationships among template elements , including location and time relationships , which are captured in the form of template "" relations "" consisting of a relationship and the template elements participating in that relationship . tr is a new task for muc - 7 . * st covers a particular scenario , which is kept secret until one month prior to testing in order to focus on system portability ; however , the generalized structure of a scenario template is predefined , and example scenarios are available for participants to examine . this task is domain dependent . * tasks for the experimental tracks are derived from ne and te . there is a world wide web site that allows automated testing following the rules of muc - 6 . it will be of particular value to new participants . the website is password protected and you need to be licensed to access the acl / dci disk from the ldc to obtain a password from chinchor @ gso . saic . com . muc - 6 articles were taken from the acl / dci disk . an anonymous ftp site will be available for downloading muc - 7 related material . this cfp and the muc - 7 participant agreement are available to the public from the ftp site . each participant ( after signing the ldc user agreement and a muc - 7 participation agreement ) will receive a password to download the muc - 7 data , definitions , and scoring software at the release times noted above . the url of the website is http : / / muc . saic . com . the ftp site is ftp . muc . saic . com . test protocol and evaluation criteria : muc - 7 participants may elect to do one or any combination of tasks and experimental tracks . participants will have access to shared resources such as the training texts and annotations / templates , task documentation , and scoring software . all muc - 7 participants are encouraged to participate in the dry run and take advantage of material available . the formal test will be conducted during the first week in march . it will be carried out by the participants at their own sites in accordance with a prepared test procedure and the results submitted to the ftp site for official scoring with the software prepared by saic for muc - 7 . test sets used for the evaluations will consist of 100 texts , with subsets for some of the tasks . there will be different data sets for the dry run and the formal test . systems will be evaluated using recall and precision metrics ( all tasks ) , f - measure ( all tasks ) , and error-based metrics ( all tasks except co ) . the computation of these metrics is based on the scoring categories of correct , partial , incorrect , spurious , missing , and noncommittal . muc - 7 participants will be able to familiarize themselves with the evaluation criteria through usage of the evaluation software , which will be released along with the training data . instructions for responding to the call for participation : organizations within and outside the u . s . are invited to respond to this call for participation . by the time of the actual testing phase of the evaluation , systems must be able to accept texts without manual preprocessing , process them without human intervention , and output annotations ( ne , co ) or templates ( te , tr , st ) in the expected format . organizations should plan on allocating approximately two person-months of effort for participation in the evaluation and conference . it is understood that organizations will vary with respect to experience with sgml text annotation , information extraction , domain expertise / engineering , resources , contractual demands / expectations , etc . recognition of such factors will be made in any analyses of the results . organizations wishing to participate in the evaluation and conference must respond by july 1 , 1997 by submitting a short statement of interest via email and a signed copy of the muc - 7 participation agreement via surface mail . 1 . the statement of interest should be submitted via email to marsh @ aic . nrl . navy . mil and should include the following : a . evaluation task ( s ) ( choose one or more ) * named entity * coreference * template element * template relationship * scenario template b . primary point of contact . please include name , surface and email addresses , and phone and fax numbers . c . does your site have a copy of the muc - 6 proceedings ? 2 . the participation agreement can be downloaded from the anonymous ftp site ( ftp . muc . saic . com ) . a signed copy should be sent by surface mail to elaine marsh , nrl - code 5512 , 4555 overlook ave . sw , washington , d . c . 20375-5337 , usa . if some questions cannot be deferred until the deadline for responding to this call for participation has passed , you may send them by email to elaine marsh ( marsh @ aic . nrl . navy . mil ) , with copies to ralph grishman ( grishman @ cs . nyu . edu ) and nancy chinchor ( chinchor @ gso . saic . com ) to ensure that your message receives a timely response from one of us . muc - 7 planning committee : ralph grishman , new york university , program co-chair elaine marsh , naval research laboratory , program co-chair chinatsu aone , systems research and applications lois childs , lockheed martin nancy chinchor , science applications international jim cowie , new mexico state university rob gaizauskas , university of sheffield megumi kameyama , sri international tom keenan , u . s . department of defense boyan onyshkevych , u . s . department of defense martha palmer , university of pennsylvania beth sundheim , nccosc nrad marc vilain , mitre ralph weischedel , bbn systems and technologies
",0
1739,"Subject: books : pragmatics
 
 now available : proceedings of the university of herfordshire relevance theory workshop . edited by marjolein groefsema isbn 0-952 - 9901 - 0 - 5 this volume contains fifteen of the papers that were presented at the university of hertfordshire rt workshop , which was held in hatfield peverel from 27-29 october 1995 . the aim of the workshop was to bring together researchers working within the framework of relevance theory to dicuss their research and exchange ideas . the papers presented in this volume reflect the wide range of topics that are currently being studied from a relevance theoretical perspective , while some of the papers critically assess aspects of relevance theory . table of contents : a pragmaticization process affecting norwegian negatives with scalar expressions . thorstein fretheim relevance , referring expression , and the givenness hierarchy . jeanette gundel and ann mulkern relevance and the peircean conception of truth . william downes the awsome efficiency of what is false . gloria origgi and adriano palma conceptual and procedural encoding : criteria for the identification of linguistically encoded procedural information . steve nicolle concepts and word meaning . marjolein groefsema relevance and the manipulation of the incongruous : some explorations on verbal humour . carmen curco relevance theory and augmentative and alternative communication . john clibbens ellipsis and inference kaja borthen , thorstein fretheim and randi alice nilsen representation and relevance in human reasoning . simon handley and edward buck the relevance of face calibration koenraad kuiper relevance theory and extraposed relative clauses . yael ziv the relevance of relevance theory to syntactic phenomena : relevance theory and the extraction from relative clauses . tali rubovitz issues in developmental "" theory of mind "" research from the point of view of relevance theory . szabolcs kiss "" if you would like to burn your mouth feel free "" : a relevance - theoretic account of conditionals used to children . susan foster - cohen and erika konrad price including p & p : uk 10 . 00 pounds sterling europe 11 . 00 pounds sterling rest of the world 13 . 00 pounds sterling to order : please send a cheque , made out to peter thomas , or an international money order to the address below . unfortunately , there are no facilities to handle credit cards . peter thomas and associates ' the sticks ' , cardfields lane hatfield peverel , chelmsford cm3 2nr uk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dr marjolein groefsema dept . of linguistics email : m . groefsema @ herts . ac . uk university of hertfordshire tel . + 1707 285699 ( direct line ) watford campus aldenham herts . wd2 8at uk
",0
1740,"Subject: 13th scandinavian conference of linguists
 
 just out proceedings of the thirteenth scandinavian conference of linguistcs lars heltoft and hartmut haberland , eds . university of roskilde , department of languages and culture isbn 87-90132 - 12 - 2 495 pages , 1996 this volume contains 40 papers presented at the 13th scandinavian conference of linguistcs ( roskilde , denmark , january 1992 ) , including 6 papers from the neurolinguistics workshop held in connection with the conference . ( most papers are in english , one in german and a few in danish or swedish . ) for ordering , write to lars heltoft , 13th scandinavian conference of linguistics , department of languages and culture , university of roskilde , pob 260 , dk-4000 roskilde , denmark , fax + 45 46754410 . for a table of contents and pricing information ( including methods of payment ) please consult http : / / babel . ruc . dk / ~ rolig / 13scan . html
",0
1741,"Subject: book announcement : classics reissued
 
 indiana university linguistics club publications : two classics reissued phonology wilbur , ronnie . the phonology of reduplication . since the appearance of this work in 1973 , it has had continual theoretical significance . wilbur documents cases of under - and over-application of rules to reduplicative forms and the problems they present for rule ordering . she foreshadows current work in optimality theory by rejecting rule ordering and developing a notion akin to reduplicative base - reduplicant identity . this work played an important role in the rule ordering debates of the 1970s , in the development of reduplication theory within prosodic morphology during the 1980s , and currently provides insights to the emerging correspondence theory . copies are * limited * . special reissue price : $ 6 . 50 humor tiersma , peter m . language-based humor in the marx brothers films tiersma 's popular essay is an excellent introduction to linguistic analysis of humor . using lexical semantics and pragmatics , he gives a sound , yet lively , analysis of specific examples . great resource for introductory linguistics courses , and a good read . price : $ 4 . 00 iulc publications , 720 e . atwater ave . , bloomington , in 47401 . prepaid orders by u . s . check or money order . postage & handling for one or both : add $ 3 . 50 ( us orders ) , $ 5 . 00 ( can ) , $ 5 . 50 ( other ) . < iulc @ indiana . edu > http : / / ezinfo . ucs . indiana . edu / ~ iulc /
",0
1742,"Subject: avail for review
 
 the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . pronunciation of music names fradkin , robert a . 1996 . the well tempered announcer : a pronunciation guide to classical music . indiana university press . bloomington . radio announcers have very few resources for learning to pronounce foreign words and anmes associated with classical music . in this innovateive guide , fradkin provides the pronunciation of over 2000 names , titles and musical terms . fradkin explains the principles of pronunciation of about 2 dozen languages and provides clues for identifying the language fo a strange word and making an educated guess at its pronunciation .
",0
1743,"Subject: new information about the int . congress on terminology - basque country
 
 dear subscribers , we had to make some changes in the program and we were asked to extend the data limite for the papers . so you are still on time until the 23th of this month to send a one-page long abstract ! thanks again . programme november 12 , wednesday 09 : 00 welcome and registration 09 : 45 inauguration 10 : 15 jean - claude corbeil ( qu = e9bec ) current scene of terminology 11 : 30 break 12 : 00 christian galinski ( termnet - infoterm ) europe 's international infrastructure of terminology 15 : 30 ibon sarasola ( euskaltzaindia / academy of the basque language ) basque lexicography and terminology 16 : 45 papers november 13 , thursday 09 : 00 luis gonzalez & polux hern = fa = f1ez ( european commission ) terminology , assistant to the translation in the european commission 10 : 15 mertxe olaizola ( haee / ivap , official service of translation ) administration terminology 11 : 30 break 12 : 00 klaus - dirk schmitz ( termnet ) terminology interchange using martif 15 : 30 miel loinaz ( uzei , basque center for terminology and lexicography ) terminology data-banks . design and management of euskalterm 16 : 45 papers november 14 , friday 09 : 00 pierrette vachon - l ' heureux ( office de la langue francaise , quebec ) terminology , neology and officialization 10 : 15 johan myking ( norway ) standardization and language planning of terminology : the norvegian experience 11 : 30 break 12 : 00 miren azkarate ( ehu / upv , university of the basque country ) present situation of basque terminology 13 : 15 round - table : minority languages and terminology 14 : 30 closing languages of the congress the working languages are basque , spanish , french and english exhibition during the three days of the congress the newest computer applications for terminology will be on show . those interested on showing any product or tool , please send your request as soon as possible . calendar 23 - 06 - 97 last day to receive the papers ' abstracts 23 - 07 - 97 last day to answer to the autors 31 - 07 - 1997 last day to register with the reduced fee 10 - 09 - 1997 last day to receive the accepted papers 31 - 10 - 1997 last day of registration uzei aldapeta 20 , 20009 donostia tel : 943-473377 fax : 943-457944 e-mail : euskalterm @ sarenet . es
",0
1744,"Subject: call for papers : dgfs meeting 1998
 
 call for papers as part of the annual meeting of the german linguistic society ( deutsche gesellschaft fuer sprachwissenschaft ) , to be held in halle ( saale ) , germany , march 4 / 6 1988 , there will be a workshop ( arbeitsgruppe ) on the following topic : the linguistic analysis of intercultural communication in the last thirty years research on intercultural communication has attracted increasing scientific attention not only as a result of social developments but also due to the growing interdisciplinary cooperation between different disciplines such as cultural anthropology , ethnology , sociology , and linguistics ( c . f . ehlich 1996 ) . a central topic of the linguistic analysis of intercultural communication is determined by the experience that the use of a common language system does not guarantee mutual understanding . therefore , the theoretical conception of intercultural communication ( either in everyday or in institutional situations ) is characterized by misunderstandings ( gumperz ) . analyses of the mediation of intercultural competences show that both contrastive and interactive investigations into intercultural communication are important in order to answer the questions on the contextualizations of speech actions and on their universal or culture specific characteristics . only recently , has the innovative potential of intercultural communication started to attract particular attention ( c . f . koole & ten thije 1994 ) . it has become clear that research into intercultural communication should take an interdisciplinary perspective and requires reflection on traditional linguistic categories of linguistic description in order to see which new discursive forms are facilitated by intercultural communication . the specific question to be adressed in this workshop is whether the linguistic involvement in intercultural research has resulted in the extension and enhancement of new linguistic categories and research methods . reflexion on this issue should focus on topics like procedures of assertaining understanding ( verstdndnissicherung ) ( c . f . metacommunication ) , pragmatic universals ( c . f . politeness ) , contrastive analyses of speech actions and texts , linguistic forms of perspectivity or culture comparison . references ehlich , k . ( 1996 ) interkulturelle kommunikation . in : h . goebl et alii ( eds . ) kontaktlinguistik . ein internationales handbuch zeitgenvssischer forschung . berlin / new york : de gruyter , 920 / 931 . koole , t . & j . d . ten thije ( 1994 ) the construction of intercultural discourse . amsterdam : rodopi . papers relevant to this topic are invited . papers should take 40 minutes , to be followed by 20 minutes of discussion . a one-page abstract should be sent ( preferably by e-mail to the organizer ( adress below ) by september 1 , 1997 . - - dr . kristin buehrig germanisches seminar der universitdt hamburg jan d . ten thije , professur interkulturelle kommunikation technische universitaet chemnitz , 09107 chemnitz tel . : . . 49 . 371 . 531 . 2966 ; sekr . : . . . 4533 ; fax : . . . 2933 e-mail : jan . tenthije @ phil . tu-chemnitz . de http : / / www . tu-chemnitz . de / phil / ikk
",0
1745,"Subject: amlap - 97 call for abstracts
 
 * * * please post * * * please post * * * please post * * * please post * * * amlap - 97 conference "" architectures and mechanisms for language processing "" http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ amlap / final call for paper / poster abstracts call for participation 11-13 september 1997 apex hotel edinburgh , scotland * * * * * invited speakers * * * * * kay bock ( university of illinois ) - - - - - paul smolensky ( johns hopkins university ) - - - - - lorraine k . tyler ( birkbeck college ) * * * * * sponsors * * * * * human communication research centre universities of edinburgh and glasgow centre for cognitive science university of edinburgh we are calling for submissions for the 3rd conference on architectures and mechanisms for language processing ( amlap - 97 ) , which will be held in edinburgh , from thursday , september 11 until saturday , september 13 , 1997 . the aim of this conference is to bring psychological , computational and theoretical perspectives concerning the cognitive architectures and mechanisms which underly any aspect of human language processing . submissions which integrate experimental findings , formal and computational models of psychological processes are especially encouraged . deadline for submissions is 20 june 1997 . e - mail submissions ( in plain text ) are greatly preferred . please send a 400 word abstract to amlap @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk , or if necessary , by post to matt crocker , amlap , centre for cognitive science , university of edinburgh , 2 buccleuch place , edinburgh , eh8 9lw , or by fax to + 44 131 650 4587 . summaries of data and references can be additional to the main abstract . please indicate if you would rather give a 30 minute talk or a poster presentation , or either . abstracts will be considered by the programme committee : gerry altmann , martin corley , barbara hemforth , gerard kempen , paola merlo , wayne murray , suzanne stevenson , patrick sturt and the conference chairs . notification of acceptance will be sent by 18 july . it is our intention that selected contributions will be published either in the special issue of a journal or as an edited book . conference chairs : matt crocker ( hcrc , edinburgh ) martin pickering ( hcrc , glasgow ) for further details , see : http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ amlap / * * * registration & accommodation * * * registration the conference will be held at the apex hotel in the heart of edinburgh 's old town . registrations fees are shown below and include attendance of the conference , lunch on the 12th and 13th , all coffee breaks , and a copy of all abstracts being presented . | by 15 aug | after 15 aug - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - regular : | 65 . 00 | 80 . 00 student : | 35 . 00 | 50 . 00 to register , please send your payment ( as outlined below ) , and a cover letter stating that you wish to register for the amlap - 97 conference , and include your full name , affiliation , address , phone , fax , and e-mail . students must also include proof of student status . this should be sent to : amlap - 97 human communication research centre 2 buccleuch place edinburgh , eh8 9lw united kingdom payment : 1 . cheques should be drawn on a british bank in pounds sterling , and made payable to "" the university of edinburgh "" . 2 . direct transfers should be sent to : edinburgh university account - 00919680 bank of scotland 32a chambers street edinburgh sort code 80-02 - 24 transfers must mention amlap a / c 265000 g40183 3 we are able to accept payment from a variety of credit cards ( visa , mastercard , switch , and delta ) . payments made by credit card will incur an additional charge of 2 % of the total amount due . if you wish to pay by credit card please complete the following form , and send it to us by post ( we need a real signature ) : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - name : address to which the card is registered : card type : ( visa , mc , switch , delta ) : card number : valid from : expiry date : amount due : administration charge ( 2 % ) : total amount to be charged to card : signature : date : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - accommodation 1 accommodation is available at the apex hotel , the conference venue . this is one of edinburgh 's top hotels , and we have arranged a special conference rate of # 55 single / per night , # 60 double / per night , b&b . to book a room contact the hotel directly , and mention the amlap conference : the apex hotel 31-35 grassmarket edinburgh , eh1 2hs scotland phone : + 44 131 300 3456 fax : + 44 131 220 5345 2 finally , there are numerous b&bs in edinburgh , for those seeking less expensive accommodation . please check the web page first for details if possible . a further call for participation and announcement of the programme will appear in a subsequent announcement . also keep an eye on our web page at the url given below , it should be up and running soon . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ amlap / email : amlap @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk
",0
1746,"Subject: new book : clinical phonetics
 
 we would like to bring to your attention this new book from john benjamins publishing in the field of clinical phonetics advances in clinical phonetics martin j . ball & martin duckworth ( eds . ) 1996 xiv , 258 pp . studies in speech processing and clincal linguistics , 6 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 393 9 price : us $ 69 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 4337 9 price : hfl . 125 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com advances in clinical phonetics focuses on important developments in phonetic description . recent years have seen increasing developments in phonetic description , in both instrumental and impressionistic approaches . not restricted to the phonetics of normal speech , clinical phoneticians and speech scientists working with disordered speech , have been at the forefront of recent work . some instrumental developments ( such as electropalatography ) , and some transcription developments ( such as extipa symbols ) , have been spearheaded by clinical phoneticians . the present collection describes and explores these developments . part one consists of major accounts of advances in clinical phonetics , while the second part shows the workings of these advances in six specific case studies for further information please e-mail bernadette keck : service @ benjamins . com
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1747,"Subject: new uci dissertation in linguistics
 
 irvine linguistics students association is pleased to announce the publication of the following uci dissertation in linguistics . overt movement as a reflex of morphology hajime ikawa under the framework of the minimalist program , this thesis answers fundamental questions with overt movement such as ( i ) what forces its application , and ( ii ) what is responsible for its presence / absence in languages . chapter 1 raises the above-mentioned fundamental questions with overt movement . it is shown that the current minimalist framework , as it is , does not explain any of them in a principled way . chapter 2 introduces two major operations assumed by the minimalist program , merge and move . chapter 3 first undertakes to identify the cause of overt movement in a way consistent with the basic minimalist assumption that any application of overt movement , as a departure from the best case , should be forced from the outside of the core computational system . it is claimed that overt movement is directly driven by the module morphology , which applies right after spell - out ; overt movement , whether head-movement or xp - movement , is forced to apply to morphologically support the suffixal functional heads . this claim automatically leads to derive the absence of overt movement in consistently head-final languages like japanese from their word order . the proposed analysis not only provides principled answers for the fundamental questions with overt movement , but eliminates one of the most problematic aspects of the minimalist program , the strong / weak distinction among functional heads . chapter 4 discusses various implications and consequences of the proposed analysis for overt movement , phrase structure , the computational system , and typological variations . chapter 5 discusses overt np - raising as overt movement indirectly driven by the morphological properties of agr . it is claimed that a subject in nominative-accusative languages overtly raises not to directly support agr , but to provide f-features for agr so that it can be successfully suffixed to a verb as the overt realization of the f-features of an np . from this , asymmetries between overt np - raising and other overt movements directly driven by morphology naturally follow . also available : > uci dissertations in linguistics griffith , teresa a . 1996 projecting transitivity and agreement takano , yuji 1996 movement and parametric variation in syntax zoerner , cyril edward 1995 coordination : the syntax of &p us $ 14 each , plus shipping and handling > uci working papers in linguistics , volume 3 ( 1997 ) . edited by luther > chen - sheng liu and kazue takeda articles appearing in the third volume are : brian agbayani : category raising , adjunction , and minimality lisa lai - shen cheng : "" partial "" wh - movement naoki fukui : attract and the a - over - a principle toru ishii : the "" crossing "" constraint and the minimal link condition luther chen - sheng liu : light verb and accusative - ing gerund in taiwanese yuji takano : object shift as short scrambling kazue takeda : a note on locality of category movement and feature movement sze - wing tang : the parametric approach to the resultative construction in chinese and english miyoko yashui : identification of ellipses and other empty categories us $ 14 , plus shipping and handling > uci working papers in linguistics , volume 2 : proceedings of the south > western optimality theory workshop ( swot ii ) . edited by brian agbayani > and naomi harada us $ 12 , plus shipping and handling > uci working papers in linguistics , volume 1 . edited by brian agbayani , > kazue takeda and sze - wing tang us $ 12 , plus shipping and handling shipping and handling ( per item ) domestic : $ 5 ; canada : $ 6 ; mexico : $ 7 ( airmail ) , $ 5 ( surface ) ; elsewhere : $ 12 ( airmail ) , $ 7 ( surface ) * international shipping and handling rates are subject to the numbers of items ordered and location . please contact < ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu > in ordering more than one item from abroad . prepayment required . please make checks or money orders payable to ' ilsa-asuci ' . we cannot accept credit card payment . payment must be in us funds , drawn on a us bank . please allow 4 - 6 weeks for delivery . send order form and payment to : irvine linguistics students association , school of social sciences , university of california , irvine , irvine , ca 92697 , u . s . a . please address inquires to ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu order form customer information name : street address : city , province / state : country , zip code : telephone number : e - mail : item quantity price per item total uciwpl - 2 $ 12 $ uciwpl - 1 $ 12 $ uciwpl - 3 $ 14 $ griffith $ 14 $ ikawa $ 14 $ takano $ 14 $ zoerner $ 14 $ shipping : $ total : $ for more information about uci working papers in linguistics and uci dissertations in linguistics , please contact < ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu > or see ilsa 's homepage < http : / / www . socsci . uci . edu / ling / ilsa / ilsahp . html > . tables of contents of uciwpl and abstracts of ucidl are available in ilsa 's homepage .
",0
1748,"Subject: meeting of atlantic provinces linguistic association
 
 > _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ > > > call for papers > > atlantic provinces linguistic association > > 21st annual meeting > ( 20th anniversary meeting ) > > mount saint vincent university , halifax > november 7 - 8 . 1997 > > > keynote speaker : robert rankin , university of kansas > > 1 . the theme for this year 's conference is "" language diversity > language origins . "" however , papers on all topics in > linguistics are welcome , in english or french . > 2 . papers are 30 minutes in length : 20 minutes for oral > presentation and 10 minutes for discussion . > > 3 . abstracts are due by september 8 , 1997 . they should be > typewritten and single-spaced , and should be no longer than > one page , including bibliographical references . abstracts > will also be accepted through fax or e-mail , provided they > observe the common format ( for email , make sure that margins > are at least 2 . 5 cm ) . abstracts in english should be > addressed to marie - lucie tarpent , department of modern > languages , mount saint vincent university , halifax , n . s . , > b3m 2j6 , tel . ( 902 ) 457-6172 or fax ( 902 ) 445-3960 , email > < marie-lucie . tarpent @ msvu . ca > . for abstracts in french , > contact < michelle . daveluy @ stmarys . ca > . > > * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * > > additional information > > 1 . all presenters must be members in good standing of the > association . to take out or renew a membership , please > contact the treasurer , aleksandra steinbergs , department of > linguistics , memorial university of newfoundland , st . john 's , > newfoundland , canada . a1b 3x9 , tel . ( 709 ) 737-8134 , fax ( 709 ) > 737-4000 , email < asteinbe @ morgan . ucs . mun . ca > . alternately , > membership dues can be paid at the conference . the annual > membership fee is $ 15 ( regular ) or $ 10 ( students ) . > > 2 . there will be a $ 30 registration fee for the conference . > > 3 . the conference will begin in the early afternoon of friday , > november 6 and continue through saturday . there will be a > banquet on saturday evening . > > 4 . the official hotel for the conference will be the wandlynn > inn located on the bedford highway within walking distance of > mount saint vincent university . a fixed number of rooms will > be held for conference participants at a flat rate of $ 54 > ( plus hst tax ) , single or double occupancy . other types of > rooms are also available at the hotel , which is wheelchair > accessible . reservations must be made before october 17 , > 1997 ; tel . 902-443 - 0416 , fax 902-457 - 0665 . > details concerning other accommodation in halifax as well as > full information about the conference will be sent to members > in september . > > for further information please contact > > < michelle . daveluy @ stmarys . ca > > > >
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1749,"Subject: specific language impairment
 
 announcing a special issue of language acquisition on specific language impairment ( sli ) in children . guest editor , heather k . j . van der lely the submission of papers for the special issue is requested on any topic related to the lingistic characterization of sli in children , including but not limited to syntax , morphology and phonology , cross-linguistic perspectives , sli and theories of language acquisition . data may be experimental , naturalistic or both . deadline for submissions : september 1 , 1997 papers will be peer reviewed following the usual reviewing policies of language acquisition . please follow the guidelines for submission to language acquisition and send 4 manuscript copies to : dr . heather van der lely department of psychology birkbeck college university of london malet street london , wc1e 7hx , uk
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1750,"Subject: hypermedia in den geisteswissenschaften
 
 an alle interessentinnen und interessenten von hypermedia - anwendungen und entwicklungen : der arbeitskreis hypermedia der gesellschaft fuer linguistische datenverarbeitung ( gldv ) ( leiterin des aks : dr . angelika storrer , ids mannheim ) wird sein naechstes arbeitstreffen am 20 . juni 1997 am institut fuer kommunikationsforschung und phonetik der universitaet bonn abhalten . der workshop wird unter dem thema geisteswissenschaftliche hypermedia - anwendungen stehen . das programm koennen sie unter http : / / www . ids-mannheim . de / grammis / bonn . html einsehen . interessierte teilnehmerinnen und teilnehmer aus ihrem bereich sind hierzu herzlich eingeladen . ueber zusagen bis freitag , dem 13 . 06 . 1997 , wuerde ich mich sehr freuen . mit freundlichen gruessen , bernhard schroeder institut fuer kommunikationsforschung und phonetik universitaet bonn poppelsdorfer allee 47 d-53115 bonn t . : + 49 228 735621 f . : + 49 228 735639 web - seite des ikp : http : / / www . ikp . uni-bonn . de web - seite der gldv : http : / / www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / gldv web - seite des aks : http : / www . ids-mannheim . de / grammis / ak . html
",0
1751,"Subject: 2nd acm international conference on digital libraries
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - acm dl ' 97 * * * * * * * * * * 2nd acm international conference on digital libraries * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * preliminary program doubletree hotel , philadelphia , pa july 23-26 , 1997 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * reminder : early registration closes june 13 ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * acm dl ' 97 will immediately precede sigir ' 97 in philadelphia . the acm dl series is sponsored by acm through sigir and siglink . acm dl ' 97 acm digital libraries is an international conference which is building a community of individuals from diverse fields to study research and development in digital libraries . the collection , access and use of electronic information in a variety of formats requires solutions to problems ranging from the technical to the social , incorporating knowledge and experience from many fields . individuals with an interest in library and information science , digital information technology , education , information policy and economics , information seeking behavior and other fields contributing to digital library development are invited to attend . conference highlights include : wednesday * tutorials * opening reception thursday * keynote address by jim reimer , ibm senior technical staff member * technical sessions * panel on museum and gallery applications of digital libraries * d - lib panel on interoperability * banquet cruise friday * plenary address by pamela samuelson , u . of california berkeley * technical sessions * d - lib panel on interoperability * poster and demonstration showcase and reception saturday * technical sessions * workshops sunday * tour to brandywine valley steering committee edward fox ( chair ) , virginia tech robert b . allen , bellcore william arms , cnri nicholas belkin , rutgers university richard furuta , texas a&m university gary marchionini , university of maryland edie rasmussen , university of pittsburgh conference information is available from the dl ' 97 website or via email : http : / / www . sis . pitt . edu / ~ diglib97 / or diglib97 @ sis . pitt . edu * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
1752,"Subject: new books : phonology
 
 wang jialing and norval smith ( editors ) studies in chinese phonology 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . 295 pages . cloth dm 168 , - / approx . us $ 120 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 013953 - 7 linguistic models 20 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this volume contains papers covering various aspects of segmental structure as well as tone sandhi and neutral tone in the tonological area . all analyses are based on recent phonological theories such as autosegmental theory , lexical phonology , feature geometry , underspecification theory and prosodic phonology . the introduction provides background knowledge of synchronic and diachronic aspects of chinese phonology . the contributions present analyses of dialects including the four major dialect families in chinese : mandarin ( beijing , tianjin ) , yue ( cantonese ) , min ( fuzhou ) and wu ( shanghai , chongming ) . besides being essential to scholars and students of chinese phonology , this book will also be found useful by phonologists and linguists in general as well as sinologists in other fields . contents wang jialing and norval smith , introduction * matthew y . chen and hongming zhang , lexical and postlexical tone sandhi in chongming * stuart milliken , zhang guang - ping , zhang xue - yi , li zhi - qui and lu ying , resolving the paradox of tianjin tone sandhi * chilin shih , mandarin third tone sandhi and prosodic structure * jin shunde , toward a systematic account of shanghai tonal phonology * wang jialing , the representation of the neutral tone in chinese putonghua * edwin g . pulleyblank , the cantonese vowel system in historical perspective * richard wiese , underspecification and the description of chinese vowels * moira yip , consonant - vowel interaction in cantonese * marjorie k . m . chan , fuzhou glottal stop : floating segment or correlation of close contact ? * list of authors and editors robert s . bauer and paul k . benedict modern cantonese phonology 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xlviii , 559 pages . cloth dm 158 , - / approx . us $ 113 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 014893 - 5 trends in linguistics . studies and monographs 102 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york the economic boom of southeast china has given both the region and its language an unprecedented importance . but although cantonese has become an increasingly important language on the world stage , this development has not spurred any major publications on cantonese phonology . this volume presents an analysis of modern cantonese . it describes the consonants , vowels , and tones of the contemporary language and examines the structure of the cantonese syllable and the types of changes that can occur when syllables are strung together in words and phrases . the descriptive phonology is not based on any particular linguistic theory . written in a clear and concise language , this comprehensive account of cantonese phonology is appropriate for the beginning student of cantonese , the cantonese native-speaker , the teacher of english to cantonese - speaking students , the professional linguist , and the layman curious about one of southeast asia 's major languages . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : 100064 . 2307 @ compuserve . com publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
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1753,"Subject: new book : hittite etymological dictionary
 
 jaan puhvel hittite etymological dictionary volume 4 : words beginning with k 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . x , 333 pages cloth dm 248 , - / approx . us $ 177 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 015491 - 9 trends in linguistics : documentation mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this is the fourth volume in the comprehensive compendium of the vocabulary of hittite , one of the great languages of the ancient near east and of paramount importance for comparative indo - european studies . this basic research tool is based on cuneiform texts from the second millenium b . c . e . , and covers both attestations and origins of words with special emphasis on cognates in other indo - european and near eastern languages . five further volumes are in preparation and will be published as they are finished . the author has tried to eschew excessive rote uniformity of layout and style in etymological discussion , in order to make as many entries as possible self-contained micro-essays of a format best suited to the item at hand . when no etymology is rated certain , the discussion often proceeds from the less likely possibilities and ends up with the most probable . when a preferred etymology is featured as virtually certain , it is usually stated and discussed first , and discarded alternatives , to the extent that they are deemed historically interesting , are mentioned in a coda . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : 100064 . 2307 @ compuserve . com publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
",0
1754,"Subject: new book : language planning
 
 michael clyne ( editor ) undoing and redoing corpus planning 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . viii , 520 pages cloth dm 198 , - / approx . us $ 141 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 015509 - 5 contributions to the sociology of language 78 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this book is a collection of sixteen original articles on language planning in the wake of sociopolitical change . each chapter covers a different language which underwent changes due to deliberate planning which has recently been rescinded or replaced by further planning for sociopolitical reasons ( e . g . , the collapse of the soviet bloc , the unification of germany and of vietnam , the abolition of apartheid ) . a theoretical epilogue draws together the findings into a general model . the volume contributes to the study of language and society and language change . contents michael clyne , introduction * alexander krouglov , ukrainian - reconstituting a language * miklos kontra , ` stubborn as a mule calls for dialectical presentation ' : on undoing and redoing corpus planning in hungary * john m . lipski , linguistic consequences of the sandinista revolution and its aftermath in nicaragua * s . m . lee - wong , undoing some effects of the cultural revolution - chinese address forms * michael clyne , the reconvergence of german after reunification and its limits * nguyen xuan thu , the reconvergence of vietnamese * radoslav katicic , undoing a ` unified language ' : bosnian , serbian , croatian * marcu gabinschi , reconvergence of moldavian towards romanian * ernst hakon jahr , the fate of samnorsk : a social dialect experiment in language planning * kas deprez , diets , nederlands , nederduits , hollands , vlaams , belgisch - nederlands * andrew gonzalez , from pilipino to filipino _ 1 to filipino _ 2 : unmaking and remaking a national language * rakhmiel peltz , the undoing of language planning from the vantage of cultural history : two twentieth century yiddish examples * hendrik boeschoten , the turkish language reform forced into stagnation * ran hacohen , influence of the middle east peace process on the hebrew language * hassan r . s . abd - el - jawad and fawwaz al - abed al - haq , the impact of the peace process in the middle east on arabic * d . j . van schalkwyk , eradicating racism in language - afrikaans * michael clyne , epilogue * list of contributors * index of names * index of subjects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : 100064 . 2307 @ compuserve . com publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
",0
1755,"Subject: new book : morphology
 
 wolfgang u . dressler , martin prinzhorn and john r . rennison ( editors ) advances in morphology 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . v , 207 pages . cloth dm 168 , - / approx . us $ 120 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 014863 - 6 trends in linguistics . studies and monographs 97 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this volume presents a selection of papers given at the fifth international morphology meeting in krems , austria , in 1992 which covered such different areas of morphological research as morphosyntax , morphopragmatics , morpho ( pho ) nology , computational morphology , diachronic morphology , and psycho - and patholinguistic aspects of morphology . on the empirical side , non - indoeuropean languages were prominently represented . contents wolfgang u . dressler , martin prinzhorn and john r . rennison , introduction * hagit borer , the morphology-syntax interface : a study of autonomy * andrew spencer , inflectional morphology and functional heads * aaron halpern , cluster morphology * wiecher zwanenburg , dutch prefixes and prepositions in complex verbs * anna - maria di sciullo , selection and derivational affixes * georgette dal and martin temple , morphologie derivationelle et analyse semantique des mots construits : les voies de la reference ne sont pas impenetrables * kersti borjars , one ( more ) reason why we need morphology * igor mel ' cuk , grammatical cases , basic verbal construction , and voice in maasai : towards a better analysis of the concepts * maria - rosa lloret and joaquim viaplana , on the morphological category of gender in catalan and in spanish * harald baayen , markedness and productivity * nigel vincent , exaptation and abduction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : 100064 . 2307 @ compuserve . com publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
",0
1756,"Subject: new book : language change / functional linguistics
 
 raymond hickey and stanislaw puppel ( editors ) language history and linguistic modelling a festschrift for jacek fisiak on his 60th birthday 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . vol . 1 : xxxviii , 1137 pages . vol . 2 : xvi , 983 pages cloth 2 vols . dm 698 , - / approx . us \ $ 499 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 014504 - 9 trends in linguistics . studies and monographs 101 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this volume presents a collection of some 130 contributions covering a wide range of topics of interest to historical , theoretical and applied linguists alike . a major theme is the development of english which is examined on several levels in the light of recent linguistic theory in various papers . the geographical dimension is also treated extensively , with papers on controversial aspects of variety studies , as are topical linguistic matters from a more general perspective . organization of the two volumes * preface * curriculum vitae * list of publications * i . language history * the history of english * phonetics / phonology * morphology * syntax * lexis * varieties , past and present * general * historical linguistics * language groups and families * the history of linguistics * change * semantics * pragmatics * discourse analysis * ii . linguistic modelling * general * phonetics / phonology * morphology * syntax * text linguistics , translation and stylistics * varia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : 100064 . 2307 @ compuserve . com publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
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1757,"Subject: new book : semantics
 
 new course book peter harder functional semantics a theory of meaning , structure and tense in english 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xv , 586 pages . paperback dm 58 , - / approx . us $ 41 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 015721 - 7 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york what is the role of meaning in relation to linguistic structure ? this book tells the story of meaning from plato to the present , and shows why the accepted current picture of linguistic meaning is wrong as well as confusing . the book argues that the essential job of syntax is to combine simpler meanings into more complex meanings ; that ` semantic ' meaning is essentially interactive ; that the evolution of syntax is bound up with the development of purely conceptual meaning - and that this is reflected in universal regularities of clause structure . the core of linguistic structure is constituted by functional-interactive meanings in syntactic collaboration , and tense in english is used to illustrate this claim . examination copies for course adoption are available upon request . please contact the publisher . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : 100064 . 2307 @ compuserve . com publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
",0
1758,"Subject: new book : phonetics / speech production
 
 shigeru kiritani , hajime hirose and hiroya fujisaki ( editors ) speech production and language in honor of osamu fujimura 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . x , 302 pages . cloth dm 188 , - / approx . us $ 134 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 015277 - 0 speech research 13 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york osamu fujimura is renowned for his interest and competence in a wide variety of subjects ranging from physics , physiology and phonetics to linguistics and artificial intelligence . through a fusion of these disciplines he has shown us new ways of looking into human speech and language which relate the physical and physiological processes in phonetics to abstract , higher-level linguistic structure . reflecting osama fujimura 's long-standing interests , the chapters in this volume provide a wide perspective on the various aspects of speech production ( physical , physiological , syntactic , and information theoretic ) and their relationship to the structure of speech and language . contents 1 background * manfred r . schroeder , speech : a physicist remembers * 2 larygeal functions in speech * minoru hirano , kiminori sato and keiichiro yukizane , male - female differences in anterior commissure angle o christy l . ludlow , susan e . sedory holzer and mihoko fujita , correlations among intrinsic laryngeal muscles during speech gestures * ingo r . titze , regulation of fundamental frequency with a physiologically - based model of the larynx * shigeru kiritani and seiji niimi , high - speed digital image analysis of temporal changes in vocal fold vibration in tremor * masayuki sawashima , phonetic control of the glottal opening * 3 voice source characteristics in speech * gunnar fant , frequency domain analysis of glottal flow : the lf - model revisited * janet pierrehumbert , consequences of intonation for the voice source o noriko umeda , fundamental frequency rule for english discourse * hajime hirose , physiological and acoustical correlates of voicing distinction in esophageal speech o 4 articulatory organization o morris halle and kenneth n . stevens , the postalveolar fricatives of polish * thomas h . crystal and arthur s . house , a note on the durations of american english consonants o shinji maeda and kiyoshi honda , articulatory coordination and its neurobiological aspects * joseph s . perkell and marc h . cohen , token - to-token variation of tongue-body vowel targets : the effect of context o ilse lehiste , the phonetic realization of the haiku form in estonian poetry , compared to japanese * m . mohan sondhi , synthesis and coding of speech using physiological models o 5 verbal behavior : sound structure , information structure * john j . ohala , comparison of speech sounds : distance vs . cost metrics * james d . mccawley , a note on japanese passives * hiroya fujisaki , sentence production and information * index _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : 100064 . 2307 @ compuserve . com publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
",0
1759,"Subject: new book : syntax
 
 susanne winkler focus and secondary predication 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . x , 481 pages . cloth dm 198 , - / approx . us $ 141 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 015057 - 3 studies in generative grammar 43 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this monograph presents the results of a syntactic and focus - theoretical investigation of secondary predication constructions . the syntactic analysis is couched in the principles and parameters theory . the focus analysis addresses the question of the prosodic realization of secondary predication constructions as well as their focus projection capacities and compares them not only to each other , but also to focus projection regularities in primary predications . this multilayered account shows that although the various types of secondary predication constructions have many aspects in common , they differ with respect to their distributional , binding-theoretic , and focus structure properties . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : 100064 . 2307 @ compuserve . com publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
",0
1760,"Subject: new book : english linguistics
 
 johan elsness the perfect and the preterite in contemporary and earlier english 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xvii , 432 pages cloth dm 248 , - / approx . \ us \ $ 177 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 014686 - x topics in english linguistics 21 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york in this study the author discusses various theories that have been put forward to account for the choice between the present perfect and the preterite in expressions of past time in english . the distribution between the two verb forms is examined in a varied corpus consisting of more than 13 , 000 recorded verb forms , a little more than half of them from present-day english ( british and american , spoken and written ) , the rest from earlier english all the way back to old english . the analysis of the contemporary corpus is supplemented by elicitation tests carried out with british and american informants . it is argued that in the present-day language the alternation between the two verb forms is determined above all by the presence or absence of temporal adverbials and other contextual factors , considerations to do with current relevance playing only a subsidiary part . while many other writers have assumed that the rapid advance of the present perfect that took place in earlier english has continued up to the present day , investigation of the historical corpus shows that this advance has been arrested within the modern english period , to the extent that the present perfect now seems to be losing ground to the preterite , especially in american english . an explanation is offered of why the development in english is so radically different from that observable in french , german and many other languages . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : 100064 . 2307 @ compuserve . com publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
",0
1761,"Subject: workshop on language and space
 
 alan c . harris , ph . d . telnos : main off : 818-677 - 2853 professor , communication / linguistics direct off : 818-677 - 2874 speech communication department california state university , northridge home : 818-366 - 3165 spch csun fax : 818-677 - 2663 northridge , ca 91330-8257 internet email : alan . harris @ csun . edu www homepage : http : / / www . csun . edu / ~ vcspc005 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = a two-day workshop on july 27-28 , 1997 fourteenth national conference on artificial intelligence aaai-97 providence , rhode island further information contact : patrick olivier ( plo @ aber . ac . uk ) workshop url : http : / / www . aber . ac . uk / ~ plo / aaai-97 / organizing committee kenny coventry ( university of plymouth ) wolfgang maass ( universitdt des saarlandes ) amitabha mukerjee ( indian institute of technology ) patrick olivier ( university of wales , aberystwyth ) michael schober ( new school ) rohini srihari ( cedar , buffalo ) barbara tversky ( stanford university ) laure vieu ( irit , toulouse )
",0
1762,"Subject: table ronde sur la langue et la litterature yiddish
 
 la jeune equipe syntaxe anglaise et syntaxe comparative et le centre d ' etudes sur les juifs dans les pays anglophones , universite de paris x - nanterre , vous invitent a une table ronde le 12 et 13 juin 1997 , a nanterre , salle des colloques ( c24 ) . la langue et la litterature yiddish - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - programme jeudi 12 juin ( programme majoritairement en francais ) 09 : 30 itzhok niborski ( inalco ) l ' histoire du yiddish dans le cadre de l ' evolution des langues juives : la vision de max weinreich 10 : 30 jerrold m . sadock ( u . of chicago , etats - unis ) possenjidisch : a new source of data concerning the history of yiddish 11 : 30 astrid stark ( u . de haute alsace ) les legendes autour de rabbi juda le pieux et le baal - shem tov 12 : 30 - 14 : 30 dejeuner 14 : 30 delphine bechtel ( u . paris iii ) la guerre des langues entre l ' hebreu et le yiddish 15 : 30 rachel ertel ( u . paris vii ) les avant-gardes yiddish 1905 - 1930 17 : 00 poisie et chants juifs : amphi b2 lisa levy , soprano , dominique parrain , pianiste 18 : 00 reception : bat . l - salle reverdy vendredi 13 juin ( programme en anglais ) 10 : 00 ellen prince ( u . of pennsylvania , etats - unis ) a comparison of yiddish ovs and english osv in discourse 11 : 00 jean - wouter zwart ( u . of groningen , pays - bas ) another look at the syntax of verbs in yiddish 12 : 00 - 14 : 00 dejeuner 14 : 00 gerhardt postma ( u . of leiden , pays - bas ) the nature of the complementizer az in yiddish 15 : 00 hans den besten ( u . d ' amsterdam , pays - bas ) yiddish word order : left and right - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nanterre est sur la ligne a du rer , arret nanterre-universite - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - contact : jacqueline gueron , gueron @ ext . jussieu . fr 200 , avenue de la republique - 92001 nanterre cedex
",0
1763,"Subject: new books : sociolinguistics
 
 john benjamins publishing would like to call to your attention the following newly published books in the field of sociolinguistics : towards a social science of language . papers in honor of william labov . volume 1 : variation and change in language and society . gregory guy , crawford feagin , john baugh & deborah schiffrin ( eds . ) 1996 xviii , 436 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 127 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 581 8 price : $ 89 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3630 5 price : hfl . 160 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this is a the first of a two-volume collection of original research papers designed to reflect the breadth and depth of the impact that william labov has had on linguistic science . four areas of ' labovian ' linguistics are addressed : first is the study of variation and change ; the papers in sections i and il of the first volume take this as their central theme , with a focus on either the social context and uses of language ( i ) or on the the internal linguistic dynamics of variation and change ( ii ) . the study of african american english , and other language varieties in the americas spoken by people of african descent and influenced by their linguistic heritage , is the subject of the papers in section iii of the first volume . the third theme is the study of discourse ; the papers in section i of the second volume develop themes in labovian linguistics that go back to labov 's work on narrative , descriptive , and therapeutic discourse . fourth is the emphasis on language use , the search for discursive , interactive , and meaningful determinants of the complexity in human communication . papers with these themes appear in section ii of the second volume . towards a social science of language volume 2 : social interaction and discourse structures gregory guy , crawford feagin , deborah schiffrin , john baugh ( eds . ) 1997 xv , 295 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 128 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 582 6 price : us $ 75 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3631 3 price : hfl . 130 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this is a two-volume collection of original research papers designed to reflect the breadth and depth of the impact that william labov has had on linguistic science . four areas of ' labovian ' linguistics are addressed : first is the study of variation and change ; the papers in sections i and ii of the first volume take this as their central theme , with a focus on either the social context and uses of language ( i ) or on the the internal linguistic dynamics of variation and change ( ii ) . the study of african american english , and other language varieties in the americas spoken by people of african descent and influenced by their linguistic heritage , is the subject of the papers in section iii of the first volume . the third theme is the study of discourse ; the papers in section i of the second volume develop themes in labovian linguistics that go back to labov 's work on narrative , descriptive , and therapeutic discourse . fourth is the emphasis on language use , the search for discursive , interactive , and meaningful determinants of the complexity in human communication . papers with these themes appear in section ii of the second volume . contributors volume 2 : charlotte linde ; emanuel a . schegloff ; deborah schiffrin ; anne bower ; marjorie harness goodwin ; barbara m . horvath ; roger w . shuy ; e . judith weiner ; sylvie dubois & david sankoff ; john gumperz ; maria luiza braga & marco antonio de oliveira ; ellen f . prince ; john myhill ; sally boyd ; shana poplack ; benji wald . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - anthony p . schiavo jr tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : tony @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site at http : / / www . benjamins . com
",0
1764,"Subject: early registration deadline - cimql
 
 workshop in computationally-intensive methods in quantitative linguistics humanities advanced technology and information institute department of statistics university of glasgow , uk 11 , 12 september 1997 early registration please note that the early registration deadline has been extended until 30 june for this workshop . payments received after this date will be subject to a gbp50 increase in the registration fee . to register , complete the form at http : / / www . stats . gla . ac . uk / ~ cimql / regform . html , or download and complete the text version ( regform . txt ) . details of the workshop follow : in recent years techniques from disciplines such as computer science , articficial intelligence and statistics have found their way into the pages of journals such as the journal of quantitative linguistics , literary and linguistic computing and computers and the humanities . while this influx may bring more advanced methods of analysis to the fields of quantitative linguistics , stylometry and stylistics , the demands upon researchers to understand and use these new techniques are great . familiarity with the appropriate software and the ear of a sympathetic expert are pre-requisites without which the technique may seem out of reach to the average researcher . the humanities advanced technology and information institute and the department of statistics of the university of glasgow are hence supporting this practical workshop in computationally - intensive methods in quantitative linguistics . the workshop is designed to introduce the participants to four such techniques in a practical environment . each half-day session will be divided into an introductory session in a lecture theatre and a longer period spent working with software and practical examples . all of the speakers have published papers using the analyses they will present and their aim in this workshop is to enable the participants to return to their home institutions able to carry out these techniques in the course of their own research . the sessions and speakers are as follows : deconstructing texts with electronic dice : monte carlo methods in lexical statistics . harald baayen ; max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen , the netherlands . fitting probability distributions to linguistic data . deductive and explorative methods in synergetic linguistics . reinhard koehler ; university of trier , germany . evolutionary computing and text categorization . richard forsyth ; university of the west of england , bristol , united kingdom . neural nets , principal component analysis , marlowe and shakespeare . thomas merriam ; united kingdom . the workshop will be held in the boyd orr building of the university of glasgow , commencing on wednesday 10 september with a reception in the hunterian art gallery . the four workshop sessions will take place on thursday 11 september and friday 12 september . there will also be a half day to loch lomond and the glen goyne whisky distillery on the morning of saturday 13 september . accommodation has been arranged in university accommodation at a cost of gbp17 . 45 including breakfast . tea and coffee , lunches and evening meals on 11 and 12 september , as well as a drinks reception on 10 september are included in the registration fee . the registration fee is gbp150 . 00 and gbp100 . 00 for students . for more information about the workshop and to register , please consult the web site at http : / / www . stats . gla . ac . uk / ~ cimql , or send email to the conference organisers at cimql @ stats . gla . ac . uk .
",0
1765,"Subject: confs : ind - arian , indo - iranian and indo - european
 
 this message has been sent to linguist list , indoeuropean , indology and histling apologies for cross-postings ! see . http : / / titus . uni-frankfurt . de / curric / erl - 97b . html - - - - - - - - - - - - - kolloquium der indogermanischen gesellschaft indoarisch , iranisch und die indogermanistik erlangen , 2 . - 5 . oktober 1997 p r o g r a m m donnerstag , 2 . oktober 1997 8 . 45 - 9 . 00 begr | _ ung 9 . 00 - 10 . 00 thomas oberlies ( freiburg i . b . ) : pans zahnl | cken und hermes ' vorliebe f | r backwerk : die gvedische religion und ihre vorldufer 10 . 00 - 10 . 25 manfred mayrhofer ( wien ) : zum etymologikon des nachvedischen altindoarischen 10 . 25 - 10 . 50 rosemarie l | hr ( jena ) : zum modalfeld im altindischen 10 . 50 - 11 . 20 kaffeepause 11 . 20 - 11 . 45 maria kozianka ( jena ) : passivkonstruktionen mit aktivischen endungen im altindischen 11 . 45 - 12 . 10 susanne zeilfelder ( jena ) : prdverben ohne verben im altindischen 12 . 10 - 12 . 35 toshifumi got ( sendai ) : das priesteramt des vasiha und die indoiranische sonnenverehrung - interpretation von rv vii 88 12 . 35 - 13 . 00 junko sakamoto - got ( osaka ) : das jenseits und i-prta - ` die wirkung des geopferten und des geschenkten ' in der vedischen religion m i t t a g s p a u s e 15 . 00 - 16 . 00 konrad klaus ( bochum ) : die srautastras 16 . 00 - 16 . 25 irene balles ( jena ) : die indoiranischen "" cvi - bildungen "" und ihre deutungen im lichte der typologie 16 . 25 - 16 . 50 lucio melazzo ( palermo ) : die milch der nacht 16 . 50 - 17 . 20 kaffeepause 17 . 20 - 17 . 45 frangois heenen ( wien ) : le disideratif dans le vida 17 . 45 - 18 . 10 agnes korn ( graz ) : streckformen im rigveda 18 . 10 - 18 . 35 karl praust ( wien ) : der se - charakter der wurzel d im veda 18 . 35 - 19 . 00 velizar sadovski - savtchov ( wien ) : die komposita mit prdpositionalem vorderglied im rigveda freitag , 3 . oktober 1997 09 . 00 - 10 . 00 karlheinz kessler ( erlangen ) : der einflu _ des iranischen auf das akkadische der achaimenidenzeit 10 . 00 - 10 . 25 ignacio - javier adiego lajara ( barcelona ) : autour du elatif vieux-perse 10 . 25 - 10 . 50 xavier tremblay ( tournai ) : zum avestischen konsonantismus 10 . 50 - 11 . 20 kaffeepause 11 . 20 - 11 . 45 onofrio carruba ( pavia ) : \ ber die indoarier von mitanni 11 . 45 - 12 . 10 almut hintze ( cambridge ) : die avestische wurzel mad ` messen ' 12 . 10 - 12 . 35 michael janda ( z | rich ) : fesselndes von yima 12 . 35 - 13 . 00 matthias fritz ( berlin ) : eine indoiranische bezeichnung f | r "" heiraten "" m i t t a g s p a u s e 15 . 00 - 16 . 00 gert klingenschmitt ( regensburg ) : mittelpersisch 16 . 00 - 16 . 25 desmond durkin - meisterernst ( m | nster ) : das parthische verbum 16 . 25 - 16 . 50 nicholas sims - williams ( cambridge ) : the bactrian verbal system 16 . 50 - 17 . 20 kaffeepause 17 . 20 - 17 . 45 f . javier martmnez garcma ( frankfurt / main ) : zur avestischen lautlehre 17 . 45 - 18 . 10 michiel de vaan ( leiden ) : bemerkungen zur handschriftlichen \ berlieferung der yasnas 18 . 10 - 18 . 35 agustm alemany vilamajs ( barcelona ) : wer waren die alanen ? 18 . 35 - 19 . 00 johnny cheung ( leiden ) : same remarks on the ossetic gemination 19 . 30 - 20 . 15 jost gippert ( frankfurt / main ) : indoiranistisches text - retrieval : die neuen elektronischen bearbeitungen altiranischer und vedischer texte samstag , 4 . oktober 1997 9 . 00 - 10 . 00 michael witzel ( harvard ) : die sprachliche situation in nordindien in vedischer zeit 10 . 00 - 10 . 25 alexander lubotsky ( leiden ) : the vedic root v ` to cover ' and its present 10 . 25 - 10 . 50 martin k | mmel ( freiburg i . b . ) : der aorist der wurzel ( n ) ar im indoiranischen 10 . 50 - 11 . 20 kaffeepause 11 . 20 - 11 . 45 georges - jean pinault ( paris ) : sur l ' interpritation des comparaisons vidiques 11 . 45 - 12 . 10 stefan schaffner ( regensburg ) : altindisch amnas 12 . 10 - 12 . 35 katharina kupfer ( w | rzburg ) : kopula - und nominalsdtze im rigveda 12 . 35 - 13 . 00 norbert oettinger ( augsburg ) : zu pan - und m i t t a g s p a u s e 15 . 00 - 16 . 00 oskar von hin | ber ( freiburg i . b . ) : spurensuche im vedischen : mittelindisches im altindischen 16 . 00 - 16 . 25 wolfram euler ( m | nchen ) : der met - rauschtrank oder delikatesse der indogermanen ? \ berlegungen zur bedeutungsvielfalt von indoiran . * madhu 16 . 25 - 16 . 50 leonid i . kulikov ( leiden ) : the vedic type syati revisited 16 . 50 - 17 . 20 kaffeepause 17 . 20 - 17 . 45 josi luis garcma ramsn ( kvln ) : indoiranische wurzelprdsentia und iterative aktionsart 17 . 45 - 18 . 10 caroline aan de wiel ( halle / saale ) : dy > jy , oder prkritismus im rigveda ? 18 . 10 - 18 . 35 reinhard stempel ( bonn ) : armenisch und indoiranisch 18 . 35 - 19 . 00 j | rgen lehmann ( w | rzburg ) : die rigvedische somapflanze war weder gr | ne pflanze noch pilz : sicht eines entomologen anschlie _ end : gemeinsamer abend in der evangelischen studentengemeinde sonntag , 5 . oktober 1997 9 . 00 - 9 . 25 sektion a : hisashi miyakawa ( erlangen ) : ab 5 , 14 , 2 nihv-a - avavadit , nih-va - avavadit 9 . 25 - 9 . 50 sektion a : oleg poljakov ( vilnius ) : einige fragen der idg . akzentologie 9 . 00 - 9 . 50 sektion b : peter raulwing / robert oberheid ( bonn ) : der kikkuli - text und die rolle der indoarier im altorientalischen fuhrwesen - einige bemerkungen zu neueren hippologischen und philologischen interpretationen sektionen a und b : 9 . 50 - 10 . 15 frank bernhauer ( m | nchen ) : syntaktische besonderheiten bei vergleichskonstruktionen im vedischen 10 . 15 - 10 . 40 n . alberto cantera glera ( salamanca ) : iranisch * xan - und germanisch * swin ~ a - 10 . 40 - 11 . 00 pause 11 . 00 - 11 . 25 birgit anette olsen ( kopenhagen ) : the pie background of the types dev and vk 11 . 25 - 11 . 50 jens elmegerd rasmussen ( kopenhagen ) : zur vorgeschichte des plusquamperfekts 11 . 50 - 12 . 15 robert plath ( erlangen ) : indoiranische miszellen 12 . 15 - 12 . 40 bernhard forssman ( erlangen ) : zu yast 8 , 40 12 . 40 - 12 . 50 schlu _ wort , verabschiedung tagungsraum : hvrsaal c , philosophisches seminargebdude ii , kochstra _ e 4 ( eingang hindenburgstra _ e ) der tagungsort von sektion b am sonntag ( 5 . 10 . 1997 , 9 . 00 - 9 . 50 uhr ) wird noch bekanntgegeben . bureau / contacting address : institut f | r vergleichende indogermanische sprachwissenschaft kochstra _ e 4 d-91054 erlangen - n | rnberg tel : + 49-9131 - 85-9376 oder - 85-2404 fax : + 49-9131 - 85-6390 email : p2indog @ phil . uni-erlangen . de
",0
1766,"Subject: sociolinguistics symposium 12 update
 
 sociolinguistics symposium 12 at the institute of education university of london 20 bedford way london wc1 from thursday 26th march ( mid-day ) to saturday 28th march ( mid-day ) 1998 summary programme plenaries colloquia papers in parallel sessions short ' work in progress ' reports poster presentations publishers displays social events british sign language interpretation available to ss12 participants who request this in advance . academic organising committee professor jenny cheshire , queen mary & westfield college , university of london ; professor jennifer coates , roehampton institute london ; dr penelope gardner - chloros , birkbeck college , university of london ; dr ben rampton & celia roberts , thames valley university ; euan reid , institute of education , university of london . ; professor brian street , king 's college , university of london . plenaries the following speakers have accepted invitations to give plenary presentations : titles are in some cases provisional , as they are for the colloquia listed below . professor jan blommaert ( university of antwerp / international pragmatics association ) : reconstructing the sociolinguistic image of africa : grassroots writing in shaba , congo . professor debbie cameron ( university of strathclyde , glasgow ) , good to talk ? the discourse and practice of communication skills . professor penny eckert ( stanford university ) variation , style & identity . professor susan gal ( university of chicago ) language ideologies and linguistic boundaries : the semiotics of differentiation . colloquia will include the following maintaining indigenous languages , with special reference to latin america - state planning vs grass - roots initiatives : jane freeland ( portsmouth ) & rosaleen howard - malverde ( liverpool ) contact : jane . freeland @ port . ac . uk speech representation & institutional discourse : stef slembrouck ( gent ) & mike baynham ( sydney ) contact : stef . slembrouck @ rug . ac . be the sociolinguistics of computer - mediated communication : simeon yates ( open university ) contact : s . j . yates @ open . ac . uk oral narratives across contexts & cultures shoshana blum - kulka ( hebrew university , jerusalem ) & alexandra georgakopolou ( king 's college , london ) contacts : . mskcusb @ pluto . mscc . huji . ac . il or alexandra . georgakopoulou @ kcl . ac . uk . the organisers are also discussing further ideas for colloquia on gerontolinguistics , on the sociolinguistics of sign languages , on language & multimodality , on academic literacies , on language & sexuality and on code - mixing and code - switching . in all cases we are encouraging maximum interactivity , and openness to unsolicited contributions . contact ben . rampton @ tvu . ac . uk further details on programme we intend to complete the programme-planning as far as we can by mid - november 1997 , and to let speakers have details at that time . the full programme will then be sent by post to all registered participants , along with local travel details , by january 1998 . [ the text of this posting is also available in printed form from our conference office - see below . ] our website will be set up in the next few days , and will be updated regularly with programme and participant details : http : / / www . ioe . ac . uk / ccs / ss12 call for papers the academic organising committee invites offers of papers in any area of sociolinguistics . our intention for ss12 is to accept rather fewer papers than at some recent meetings in the series . the offers should indicate clearly if they are for the regular 35 - minute slots ( ' papers ' : where presenters will be encouraged to speak for no more than c20 minutes , leaving c15 minutes for questions and discussion ) , for the shorter 15 minute slots ( ' reports ' on work in progress ) , for ' colloquia ' where preliminary contact should have been made with convenors , or for ' posters ' , where a specified display space , and if necessary time-slot will be offered . the criteria for selection will be : originality , significance , estimated contribution to conceptual development of the field , lucidity . all submissions , ( except those for the colloquia , which we need by 31st july 1997 ) should arrive at our conference office by 31st august 1997 they will be reviewed anonymously by members of the committee during september and october 1997 , with the help of colloquium convenors where appropriate . how to submit proposals send 2 copies by post ( not email , please ) : one of these only should have your name , address etc on it . your proposal should consist of the following ( i ) the title of the abstract , along with up to 5 keywords ; ( ii ) the category of proposal you are making : either a 35 minute paper for one of the parallel sessions , a 15 minute report on work in progress , a contribution to one of the colloquia , or a poster presentation : the organisers may propose that your presentation be included in a different category . ( iii ) an abstract of 200-300 words , strictly limited to one double-spaced page ; ( iv ) on one copy only all of the above , with , in addition : author 's name , postal address , telephone & fax numbers , and email address wherever available ; where a private address is given , also indicate your institutional affiliation , and your status - academic staff , student , other . all of the above should be sent , separate from any administrative or registration enquiries , to the conference officer , institute of education , 20 bedford way , london wc1h oal . please mark the outside of the envelope ' ss12 abstract ' , and send it in good time to meet our submission receipt deadlines of 31st july 1997 ( for colloquia papers ) or 31st august 1997 ( everything else ) . costs early symposium fee - 120 pounds sterling ( for bookings received by december 31 , 1997 ) standard symposium fee - 140 pounds sterling late symposium fee - 160 pounds sterling ( for bookings received after february 27 , 1998 ) student / unwaged symposium fee - 95 pounds sterling ( on production of satisfactory evidence of status , and only for bookings received by december 31 ) day symposium fees thursday 26th march - 45 pounds sterling friday 27th march - 90 pounds sterling saturday 28th march - 45 pounds sterling . late & day bookings are subject to availability of places after the standard booking period ends on february 27 1998 . scholarships a limited number of scholarships is available , on a competitive basis , for students whose papers are accepted at ss12 . these scholarships will cover the conference fee & accommodation costs for two nights in the student hall of residence , if you do n't live in london . you will need to find travel costs from other sources . submit your abstract in the usual way , but add a letter indicating that you wish to apply for a scholarship , with a supporting letter from the institution where you are studying . registration the form below is only about registration for the symposium itself , administered by the institute of education 's conference office payment of the appropriate symposium fee is obligatory , and will entitle you to all documents for the meeting ( programme , abstracts of papers , participants list ) , and to a badge giving admission to sessions , tea / coffee etc at breaks , and buffet lunches . conference registration form please complete the following , either returning it electronically to the conference office ( c . bird @ ioe . ac . uk ) , or printing it off and sending it with your sterling cheque . insert the personal details as you would like them to appear on the participants ' list & on the ss12 badge we shall prepare for you . enter one person only on each form : your title : ( mr / ms / dr / prof / . . . . . ) your family name : your other name ( s ) : your institution & departmental address : phone and fax numbers for communication ( say if work or private ) : your email address : address for correspondence if different from your institution : please reserve a conference place for me : date of booking . . . . . either for the whole meeting @ early discount rate of 120 pounds or @ standard rate of 140 pounds or @ late rate of 160 pounds or for one or two days thursday 26 / 3 @ 45 pounds friday 27 / 3 @ 90 pounds saturday 28 / 3 @ 45 pounds completed registration formson paper , and sterling cheques ( non-sterling cheques add 10 % please ) payable to ' institute of education - ss12 ' , should be sent to the conference office ( ss12 ) , institute of education , 20 bedford way , london wc1h 0al , uk . booking enquiries can be made to the conference officer there , cathy bird ( c . bird @ ioe . ac . uk ) , tel : + 44 . 171 . 612 . 6017 . . . . fax : + 44 . 171 . 612 . 6402 . she will also pass on academic enquiries . accommodation bookings can be made through hotelscene , a reservation service offering discounted accommodation with a range of hotels etc within a few minutes walk from the institute of education in the bloomsbury district of london . hotelscene information will be sent on receipt of registration forms . single room and breakfast prices will be from about 20 pounds per night in a student hall of residence , to about 100 pounds per night in a first class hotel , less per head in double rooms . euan reid culture , communication and societies institute of education university of london 20 bedford way london wc1h 0al tel : + 44 171 612 6524 / fax : + 44 171 612 6177
",0
1767,"Subject: conf on maritime terminology
 
 dear colleague , next year , the brussels - based college for interpreters and translators ( isti ) is hosting the first international conference on maritime terminology . the conference is intended to provide a forum for scholars , experts and professionals to present their views and exchange ideas on a shared interest . for more details , please visit our special website at http : / / www . refer . fr / termisti / nauterm / nauten . htm . i should appreciate it if you could provide a link-up in your website . furthermore , if you know of any other organization or institution that should be alerted to the conference please drop me an email . i look forward to hearing from you ! yours sincerely , marc van campenhoudt - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - prof . dr . marc van campenhoudt centre de recherche termisti institut superieur de traducteurs et interpretes ( isti ) 34 , rue joseph hazard b-1180 brussels belgium t = e9l . : + 32 . 2 . 346 . 26 . 41 fax : + 32 . 2 . 346 . 21 . 34 marc . van . campenhoudt @ euronet . be termisti @ euronet . be http : / / www . refer . fr / termisti / termisti . htm iii iiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iiiiiiiiiiiii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iiiiiiiiiiiii iii iii
",0
1768,"Subject: 5th intl . conf . conceptual structures
 
 c a l l f o r p a r t i c i p a t i o n fifth international conference on conceptual structures fulfilling peirce 's dream august 4 - 8 , 1997 university of washington seattle washington usa . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - keynote address peirce 's graphs - jay zeman a pragmatic understanding of "" knowing that "" and "" knowing how "" : the pivotal role of conceptual structures - daniel m . rochowiak a peircean foundation for the theory of contexts - john f . sowa the corali project : from conceptual graphs to conceptual graphs via labelled graphs - michel chein knowledge representation contexts : a formal definition of worlds of assertions - guy w . mineau , and olivier gerbe positive nested conceptual graphs - michel chein and marie - laure mugnier a different perspective on canonicity - michel wermelinger aggregations in conceptual graphs - william m . tepfenhart the representation of semantic constraints in conceptual graph systems - guy w . mineau , and rokia missaoui representation of defaults and exceptions in conceptual graphs formalism - catherine faron , and jean - gabriel ganascia introduction of viewpoints in conceptual graph formalism - myriam ribiere , and rose dieng knowlledge engineering task - dependent aspects of knowledge acquisition : a case study in a technical domain - galia angelova and kalina bontcheva uncovering the conceptual models in ripple down rule kbs - debbie richards and paul compton knowledge modeling using annotated flow chart - robert kremer , dickson lukose , and brian gaines knowledge modeling complex modeling constructs in model-ecs - dickson lukose modeling cause and effect in legal text - judith p . dick information systems modeling with cgs logic - ryszard raban modeling and simulating human behaviors with conceptual graphs - corinne bos , bernard botella , and philippe vanheeghe formal concept analysis conceptual graphs and formal concept analysis - rudolf wille on a triadic diagram representing three gosphels - klaus biedermann concept exploration - a tool for creating and exploring conceptual hierarchies - gerd stumme logical scaling in formal concept analysis - susanne prediger organization of knowledge using order factors - gerard ellis and stephen callaghan formal reasoning c . s . peirce and the quest for gamma graphs - peter oehrstroem sound and complete proof procedure for conceptual graphs combining projections with analytic tableaux - gwen kerdiles and eric salvat fuzzy unification and resolution proof procedure for fuzzy conceptual graph programs - tru h . cao , peter n . creasy and vilas wuwongse reasoning with type definitions - michel leclere universal marker and functional relation : semantics and operations - tru h . cao , and peter n . creasy animating conceptual graphs - ryszard raban and harry s . delugach accounting for domain knowledge in the construction of a generalization space - isabelle bournaud and jean - gabriel ganascia rational and affective linking across conceptual cases - without rules - graham a . mann conceptual graphs for corporate knowledge repositories - olivier gerbe applications of conceptual graphs an experiment in document retrieval using conceptual graphs - david genest and michel chein port : a testbed paradigm for knowledge processing in the humanities - mary keeler , leroy searle , and christian kloesel using access paths to guide inference with conceptual graphs - peter clark and bruce porter applying conceptual graph theory to the user - driven specification of network information systems - aldo de moor generic trading service in telecommunication platforms - arno puder , and k . romer assessing sowa 's conceptual graphs for effective strategic management decisions , based on a comparative study with eden 's cognitive mapping - simon polovina conceptual graph tools cgkat : a knowledge acquisition and retrieval tool using structured documents and ontologies - philippe martin the webkb set of tools - philippe martin deakin toolset : conceptual graphs based knowledge acquisition , managment , and processing tools - brian garner , eric tsui , and dickson lukose egp : extendible graph processor - eric tsui , brian garner , and dickson lukose cgkee : conceptual graph knowledge engineering environment - dickson lukose menu - based interfaces to conceptual graphs : the cglex approach - galia angelova , svetlana damyanova , kristina toutanova , and kalina bontcheva knowledge extractor : a tool for extracting knowledge from text - walling r . cyre the cg mars lander - gil fuchs and robert levinson pccg : an operational tracked grid for creating conceptual graphs - randy p . wolf and harry s . delugach - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration form iccs ' 97 international conference on conceptual structures please complete in full and return to iccs ' 97 by email to : lsearle @ u . washington . edu you must also post a signed registration form together with your payment to the center for the humanities , university of washington . cheque must be made payable to the university of washington . please print or type . first name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ last name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company or affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip or postal code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ daytime telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conference fee the conference registration fee include the following : o morning and afternoon tea for 5 days o lunch for 5 days 0 boeing tour o salmon bbq on wednesday august 6th , 1997 o conference banquet on thursday august 7th , 1997 o conference proceedings ( lnai ) o registration to the cgtools workshop before after june 30th , 1997 june 30th , 1997 _ _ regular registration : $ 375 $ 475 _ _ student registration : $ 175 $ 200 _ _ single day registration : $ 100 $ 100 _ _ additional tour & salmon bbq ticket $ 25 $ 25 _ _ additional banquet ticket $ 30 $ 30 ( students must send legible proof of full-time student status ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tutorial fee before after june 30th , 1997 june 30th , 1997 sunday august 3rd , 1997 ( morning ) _ _ an historical view of peirce $ 50 $ 100 _ _ formal concept analysis $ 50 $ 100 sunday august 3rd , 1997 ( afternoon ) _ _ formal reasoning with cg $ 50 $ 100 _ _ gamma graphs - the modal part of $ 50 $ 100 existential graphs ( note : if you are registering for two tutorials , then the cost of the second tutorial is only $ 25 ) . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conference accommodation information you should make your own arrangements for accommodation and all payments for accommodation should be made directly to the accommodation providers . we have reserved over 100 rooms at the dormitory housing , motels , and hotels . check out the following url for more details on conference accommodation : http : / / www . cs . uah . edu / ~ iccs97 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total fee ( registration , tutorials , and extra charges for banquet and / or barbecue . payments for housing must be made separately . ) total fee : ( please enter correct amount ) $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ method of payment ( please mark "" x "" your method of payment ) ( all email and fax registrations must be accompanied by credit card information . ) _ _ american express _ _ mastercard _ _ visa _ _ cheque credit card account number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name as it appears on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( disclaimer : when you email or fax us this registration form , your credit card number is sent as open text and may not be secure . ) refunds requests for refunds must be received in writing by june 30th , 1997 . no refunds will be granted after this date . a $ 25 . 00 processing fee will be levied on all refunds granted . there are no refunds for paper authors ( technical papers and extended abstract for cgtools ) . special request _ _ special dietary needs : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ special access for wheelchair : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please note : registration cannot be processed if information is incomplete or illegible . please mail completed form with your payment to : iccs ' 97 c / o professor leroy searle center for the humanities box 353910 , seatle , wa 98195 university of washington , usa fax : ( 206 ) 685-4080 thank you for your registration !
",0
1769,"Subject: machine translation
 
 mt summit vi : "" machine translation : past , present , future "" catamaran resort hotel san diego , 29 october-1 november 1997 a once - in-a - lifetime opportunity no serious mt - ite can afford to miss mt summit vi in san diego next october . hosted by the association for machine translation in the americas ( amta ) on behalf of the international association for machine translation ( iamt ) , this year 's summit coincides with the 50th anniversary of machine translation . the celebration will be truly memorable . amta and its cooperating host institution , the information sciences institute / university of southern california , take great pleasure in inviting you to join us in commemorating this event . schedule the following schedule gives an overview of the events that have been planned : tuesday , 28 october : 12 - hour excursion to ensenada ; all-day workshops wednesday , 29 october : 3 - hour tutorials in morning and afternoon ; registration ; opening of exhibits / reception , 6 : 30 p . m . thursday , 30 october : plenary and parallel sessions , 9 : 00 a . m . - 5 : 30 p . m . ; exhibits , 10 : 30 - 5 : 30 p . m . ; boat cruise , 6 : 00 - 7 : 30 p . m . ; beach luau , 7 : 30 p . m . friday , 31 october : plenary and parallel sessions , 9 : 00 a . m . - 5 : 30 p . m . ; exhibits , 10 : 30 - 5 : 30 p . m . ; banquet , boat leaves at 6 : 30 p . m . saturday , 1 november : plenary and parallel sessions , 9 : 00 a . m . - 5 : 30 p . m . ; exhibits , 10 : 30 - 3 : 00 p . m . the program a rich menu of invited talks , submitted papers , and theater-style system presentations , together with a panel that will reunite early mt pioneers , will give special meaning to the conference 's theme , "" machine translation : past , present , and future . "" in a format combining both plenary and parallel sessions , the three - day program , including all day saturday , covers the trajectory of mt across the decades from the perspective of researchers , developers , and users . the session topics , to be addressed by experts from around the world , include : early mt history current state of mt mt r&d around the world the shape of commercial mt systems production mt the market perspective what do users need ? whither mt ? parallel to these main topics will be a second track of sessions that will include submitted papers and live system presentations in a theater-style setting . all sessions will be audiotaped , and copies of the tapes will be available for purchase on-site shortly after each session ends . tutorials and workshops on wednesday , 29 october , participants are offered a selection of four 3 - hour tutorials : morning , 9-12 a . m . "" a gentle introduction to mt : theory and current practice "" - eduard hovy "" making mt work for you "" - marjorie le = a2n afternoon , 2 - 5 p . m . "" mt evaluation : old , new , and recycled "" - john white "" postediting mt : strategies and methods "" - karin spalink in addition , two workshops-one on the subject of interlinguas and the other on standardization-are being offered on tuesday , 28 october , outside the framework of the conference for attendees who wish to come a day earlier . there will be a nominal charge . those interested should contact the organizers directly . steve helmreich ( shelmrei @ crl . nmsu . edu ) is coordinating the workshop on interlinguas , and alan melby ( melbya @ byu . edu ) is responsible for the one on standards . exhibits in addition to the theater-style system presentations in the regular program , throughout the conference mt developers will also be showcasing their latest breakthroughs in the exhibit hall . exhibits coordinator kim belvin ( kbelvin @ ucsd . edu ) has put out a call for exhibitors and is expecting a record-breaking array of products and systems . this will be "" one-stop shopping "" at its best for all mt - ites , whether their interest is in purchasing or licensing mt systems or in viewing , understanding , and comparing them . there will also be tabletop exhibit space , available at a lower fee , for publishers and nonprofit research groups . anyone interested in exhibiting should contact kim at the e-mail address above as soon as possible because booths will be assigned on a first-come , first-served basis and there may not be enough room for all who want to exhibit . related events because of the celebratory nature of this year 's summit , a number of other exciting activities will be rounding out the rest of the conference schedule . an all-day excursion to ensenada , a major mexican seaport and tourist center , is planned for tuesday , 28 october . this spectacular 50 - mile ride down the baja california coast will include a stop at rosarito beach ; a typical mexican lunch at a restaurant with breathtaking views ; a tour of ensenada followed by time for shopping , wine-tasting , museum-going , or strolling ; and an elegant gourmet dinner by the ocean at sunset-all this for us $ 65 . 00 . tutorials and registration will take place all day wednesday , 29 october , and the conference proper will open with the 50th anniversary reception at 6 : 30 p . m . in the exhibit area . the reception is complimentary , sponsored in part by logos corporation . box lunches will be available during the three days of the conference . tickets for the three lunches may be purchased for a total of us $ 18 . 00 . on the morning of thursday , 30 october , there will be a welcome breakfast for participants ' spouses or other traveling companions , at which time they will be given suggestions of various things to do in the san diego area . thursday evening will be a double-header . at 6 : 00 p . m . the hotel 's magnificently detailed triple-deck sternwheeler , the "" wm . d . evans , "" will take participants and their companions on a complimentary cruise of mission bay , sponsored in part by systran software . during the cruise the entertainment will include drawings for our exciting mt - oriented raffle ( see separate story ) , to be emceed by bill fry . on disembarkation at 7 : 30 p . m . there will be a hawaiian luau on the beach ( us $ 20 . 00 per person ) . finally , the banquet ( us $ 50 . 00 per person ) will be held on friday , 31 october , on the top floor of the bahia hotel , a sister property of the catamaran , also on mission bay . this site was chosen for its spectacular nighttime views stretching to mexico in the south and la jolla in the north . transportation will be provided on the "" bahia belle , "" the hotel 's smaller sternwheeler . later in the evening the "" bahia belle "" opens to the public with a live band and dancing ; those returning from the banquet may choose to remain on board at no extra cost and continue to cruise around the bay . site and accommodations the catamaran resort hotel is a tropical paradise wedged between its own beach on mission bay and the public boardwalk and pacific ocean just a few steps away . its conference center is perfect for mt summit vi , with bright airy rooms open to terraces , gardens , patios , and the beach on the bay . the hotel has a pool , jacuzzi , fitness center , and business center . bicycles , skates , and various types of boats are available for rent . the immediate vicinity offers many shops and restaurants as well as grocery stores and carry-outs . hotel parking passes are available at a special conference rate of us $ 10 for three nights . the guest rooms are luxuriously appointed , all with doors opening onto either a terrace or a balcony . the special conference rates are us $ 99 . 00 for an interior garden view and us $ 109 . 00 for a view of the bay or ocean . rooms in the tower have kitchenettes and sweeping views . participants should make their reservations directly with the catamaran - in the u . s . : + 1 800 / 288-0770 ; from canada : 800 / 233 - 8172 ; from elsewhere : + 1 619 / 488-1081 ; fax : + 1 619 / 488-1619 . neither space nor rates can be guaranteed after 28 september , so make your reservation early ! get there for less ! conventions in america , the summit 's official travel agency , offers discounts on american airlines and alamo rent a car and lowest available fares on any airline . call + 1 800 / 929-4242 in the united states and canada or + 1 619 / 453-3686 from elsewhere ; fax + 1 619 / 453-7976 ; or e-mail flycia @ scitravel . com . be sure to mention group # 547 . additional information complete registration packets were mailed at the beginning of june to members of aamt , amta , and eamt , including the preliminary program flier , hotel registration form , and assorted other fliers . if you are not a member of one of the regional associations , you may obtain this packet by contacting the mt summit vi registrar : phone / fax : + 1 703 / 716-0912 ; e-mail : amta @ clark . net . you may also register on-line at this website . coordinates general chair muriel vasconcellos president , iamt phone : + 1 619 / 272-3360 fax : + 1 619 / 272-3361 e - mail : murielvasconcellos @ compuserve . com program chair winfield scott bennett logos corporation phone : + 1 201 / 398-8710 x 104 fax : + 1 201 / 398-6102 e - mail : wsben @ ibm . net local arrangements chair laurie gerber systran software phone : + 1 619 / 459-6700 x 119 fax : + 1 619 / 459-8487 e - mail : lgerber @ systransoft . com exhibits coordinator kim belvin phone : + 1 619 / 481-8446 fax : + 1 619 / 350-8613 e - mail : kbelvin @ ucsd . edu registrar deborah becker amta / iamt focal point phone / fax : + 703 / 716-0912 e - mail : amta @ clark . net
",0
1770,"Subject: final call : acl ' 97 / eacl ' 97 workshop on anaphora resolution
 
 final call for registration and programme _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ acl ' 97 / eacl ' 97 workshop 11 july , 1997 madrid , spain operational factors in practical , robust anaphora resolution for unrestricted texts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ this workshop has a dual focus . it promotes work which addresses the practical requirements of operational and robust anaphora resolution components . it also seeks to investigate the role of , and interactions among , the various factors in anaphora resolution : in particular those that scale well , or that translate easily to knowledge-poor environments . programme = = = = = = = = = = = 8 . 30 - 9 . 00 on - site registration ( if places are still available ) morning session i 9 . 00 - 9 . 15 opening remarks : ruslan mitkov and branimir boguraev 9 . 15 - 9 . 40 massimo poesio , renata vieira , simone teufel - resolving bridging references in unrestricted text 9 . 40-10 . 05 tatsunori mori , mamoru matsuo , hiroshi nakagawa - constraints and defaults of zero pronouns in japanese instruction manuals 10 . 05-10 . 30 ruslan mitkov - factors in anaphora resolution : they are not the only things that matter a case study based on two different approaches . 10 . 30-11 . 00 coffee break morning session ii 11 . 00-11 . 25 megumi kameyama - recognizing referential links : an information extraction perspective 11 . 25-11 . 50 kevin humphreys , robert gaizauskas , saliha azzam - event coreference for information extraction 11 . 50-12 . 15 breck baldwin - cogniac : high precision coreference with limited knowledge and linguistic resources 12 . 15-12 . 40 roland stuckardt - resolving anaphoric references on deficient syntactic descriptions 12 . 40-13 . 05 hiromi nakaiwa - automatic extraction of rules for anaphora resolution of japanese zero pronouns from aligned sentence pairs 13 . 05-15 . 15 lunch afternoon session i 15 . 15-15 . 40 sabine bergler - towards reliable partial anaphora resolution 15 . 40-16 . 05 marco rocha - supporting anaphor resolution in dialogues with a corpus-based probabilistic model 16 . 05-16 . 30 tony mcenery , izumi tanaka , simon botley - corpus annotation and reference resolution 16 . 30-17 . 00 coffee break afternoon session 2 17 . 00-17 . 20 ruslan mitkov - how far are we from ( semi - ) automatic annotation of anaphoric links in corpora ? 17 . 20-17 . 40 andrei popescu - belis , isabelle robba - cooperation between pronoun and reference resolution for unrestricted texts 17 . 40-18 . 30 panel "" future directions in anaphora resolution "" aravind joshi , megumi kameyama , breck baldwin , michael strube , ruslan mitkov registration = = = = = = = = = = = = = the registration fee for the workshop is 60 us dollars and includes a copy of the proceedings , lunch and refreshments . participants can pre-register ( please use the registration form below ) or register on site . given the limit on the number of workshop participants , pre-registration is recommended . ( pre - registration will proceed on a first-come , first-served basis ) . please note that according to the acl rules , workshop participants must register for the main conference as well . please fax your registration form ( do not forget to sign ) before friday , 4 july to acl phone + 1-908 - 873-3898 priscilla rasmussen fax + 1-908 - 873-0014 p . o . box 6090 acl @ bellcore . com somerset , nj 08875 , usa and an email a copy of it to r . mitkov @ wlv . ac . uk if places are available , on-site registration will take place between 8 . 30 and 9 . 00 am on the day of the workshop ( 11 july ) . registration form acl ' 97 / eacl ' 97 workshop 11 july , 1997 madrid , spain operational factors in practical , robust anaphora resolution for unrestricted texts name : address : affiliation : ( for badge ) telephone , fax : email address : registration fee 60 ( sixty ) us dollars [ ] visa or mastercard : number : expiry date ( month , year ) name as it appears on card : i wish to pay the sum of 60 us dollars . signature : workshop organisers = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ruslan mitkov school of languages and european studies university of wolverhampton stafford st . wolverhampton wv1 1sb united kingdom tel ( 44-1902 ) 322471 email r . mitkov @ wlv . ac . uk branimir k . boguraev apple research laboratories apple computer , inc . one infinite loop , ms : 301-3s cupertino , ca 95014 usa tel : ( 1-408 ) 974 1048 email : bkb @ research . apple . com further information = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = for further information concerning the workshop , please contact the organisers . to see the original call for papers , visit http : / / www . cs . columbia . edu / ~ acl / finstring . html # anaphora for information about the main acl ' 97 / eacl ' 97 conference , see http : / / horacio . ieec . uned . es / cl97 / . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ruslan mitkov school of languages and european studies university of wolverhampton stafford st wolverhampton wv1 1sb united kingdom tel ( 44-1902 ) 322471 fax ( 44-1902 ) 322739 email r . mitkov @ wlv . ac . uk - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
1771,"Subject: workshop in computationally-intensive methods in quantitative linguistics
 
 humanist discussion group , vol . 11 , no . 125 . centre for computing in the humanities , king 's college london < http : / / www . princeton . edu / ~ mccarty / humanist / > < http : / / www . kcl . ac . uk / humanities / cch / humanist / > workshop in computationally-intensive methods in quantitative linguistics humanities advanced technology and information institute department of statistics university of glasgow , uk 11 , 12 september 1997 early registration please note that the early registration deadline has been extended until 30 june for this workshop . payments received after this date will be subject to a gbp50 increase in the registration fee . to register , complete the form at http : / / www . stats . gla . ac . uk / ~ cimql / regform . html , or download and complete the text version ( regform . txt ) . details of the workshop follow : in recent years techniques from disciplines such as computer science , articficial intelligence and statistics have found their way into the pages of journals such as the journal of quantitative linguistics , literary and linguistic computing and computers and the humanities . while this influx may bring more advanced methods of analysis to the fields of quantitative linguistics , stylometry and stylistics , the demands upon researchers to understand and use these new techniques are great . familiarity with the appropriate software and the ear of a sympathetic expert are pre-requisites without which the technique may seem out of reach to the average researcher . the humanities advanced technology and information institute and the department of statistics of the university of glasgow are hence supporting this practical workshop in computationally - intensive methods in quantitative linguistics . the workshop is designed to introduce the participants to four such techniques in a practical environment . each half-day session will be divided into an introductory session in a lecture theatre and a longer period spent working with software and practical examples . all of the speakers have published papers using the analyses they will present and their aim in this workshop is to enable the participants to return to their home institutions able to carry out these techniques in the course of their own research . the sessions and speakers are as follows : deconstructing texts with electronic dice : monte carlo methods in lexical statistics . harald baayen ; max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen , the netherlands . fitting probability distributions to linguistic data . deductive and explorative methods in synergetic linguistics . reinhard koehler ; university of trier , germany . evolutionary computing and text categorization . richard forsyth ; university of the west of england , bristol , united kingdom . neural nets , principal component analysis , marlowe and shakespeare . thomas merriam ; united kingdom . the workshop will be held in the boyd orr building of the university of glasgow , commencing on wednesday 10 september with a reception in the hunterian art gallery . the four workshop sessions will take place on thursday 11 september and friday 12 september . there will also be a half day to loch lomond and the glen goyne whisky distillery on the morning of saturday 13 september . accommodation has been arranged in university accommodation with some en suite facilities . tea and coffee , lunches and evening meals on 11 and 12 september are included in the registration fee . the registration fee is gbp150 . 00 and gbp100 . 00 for students . for more information about the workshop and to register , please consult the web site at http : / / www . stats . gla . ac . uk / ~ cimql , or send email to the conference organisers at cimql @ stats . gla . ac . uk .
",0
1772,"Subject: endangered languages workshop
 
 the foundation for endangered languages is pleased to announce its first workshop , entitled "" steps in language rescue "" . it will take place at the university of york on the week-end of 26 and 27 july this year . programme saturday 2 . 00 - 2 . 30 arrival , any late registration 2 . 30 - 2 . 40 introduction to the foundation for endangered languages fel committee session i 2 . 40 - 3 . 10 endangered language policy in india mahendra verma 3 . 10 - 3 . 40 the situation of the berber languages in north africa farid aitsiselmi 3 . 40 - 4 . 10 script groups and their use in particular areas john clews session ii 4 . 30 - 5 . 00 izhorian ( estonia / sweden ) : is language revival possible ? ilya s . nikolaev 5 . 00 - 5 . 30 issues in standardisation for the tsimshian language of the american north west tonya nicole stebbins 5 . 30 - 6 . 00 an overview of endangered languages in brunei darussalam peter martin - break for dinner , followed by agm and general meeting of the foundation sunday session iii 9 . 00 - 9 . 30 language revival : the case of irish in belfast alison henry 9 . 30 - 10 . 00 gaelic as an endangered language : problems and prospects kenneth mackinnon session iv 10 . 30 - 11 . 00 planning for kurdish language and linguistics siamak rezaei durroei 11 . 00 - 11 . 30 big oil and the threat to minority languages by the andes nicholas ostler 11 . 30 - 12 . 00 final discussion and round - up of policy pointers noon - - lunch and departures - - non - members of the foundation are very welcome to attend , though of course it will be possible to join on site . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * registration for york workshop "" steps in language rescue "" 26-27 july , 1997 the conference will take place in the university of york , and accommodation has been arranged in derwent college , near campus . the university of york is located south of the medieval walled city of york , a comfortable walking distance from the railway . alternatively , bus number 4 or 5 can be caught from the station , getting off at the derwent college stop . accomodation o with 30 pounds o without 20 pounds an ensuite shower and w . c . ; meals o on saturday night 7 pounds o on sunday at lunch 6 pounds ( let us know of any dietary or other requirements you might have ) registration fees o unwaged ( e . g . students , unemployed ) 10 pounds o standard 20 pounds ( please provide some evidence / confirmation if you apply at the lower rate . ) total : _ _ _ pounds please send form to : dr mahendra verma , membership secretary fel , language & linguistic science , univ . york , york yo1 5dd , england it will also be possible to register in person at the door . however , if you plan to do this , it would help if you inform us in advance . dr verma 's e-mail address is : mkv1 @ york . ac . uk ( mahendra verma ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nicholas ostler managing director president linguacubun ltd foundation for endangered languages http : / / www . bris . ac . uk / depts / philosophy / ctll / fel / batheaston villa , 172 bailbrook lane bath ba1 7aa england + 44-1225 - 85-2865 fax + 44-1225 - 85-9258 nostler @ chibcha . demon . co . uk
",0
1773,"Subject: harold orton centenary conference
 
 preliminary announcement and call for papers harold orton centenary conference : dialectal variation in english march 24-26 1998 plenary speakers will include : bill kretzschmar jim milroy 1998 sees the centenary of the birth of harold orton , co-founder of the survey of english dialects , and the half-centenary of the establishment of the survey itself . the conference aims : - to take stock of the research achievements in dialectology to date - to address current issues in diachronic and synchronic variation in english , from the point of view of dialectology , sociolinguistics , corpus-based linguistics , socio-cultural studies , literary studies and any other related fields - to bring together people working on linguistic variation from different perspectives and from all the english - using world - to look forward to research projects for the new millenium a selection of the proceedings will be published in leeds studies in english . we invite you to send one-page proposals for papers , workshops , and panel discussions in the above areas . papers will be 20 minutes duration + 10 minutes for discussion . please send your abstracts / proposals by 30 september 1997 to one of the following , either by post to the address below or by email : dr clive upton ( c . upton @ sheffield . ac . uk ) dr juhani klemola ( j . klemola @ leeds . ac . uk ) dr anthea fraser gupta ( a . f . gupta @ leeds . ac . uk ) school of english university of leeds leeds ls2 9jt uk for more information , contact : professor katie wales ( k . wales @ leeds . ac . uk )
",0
1774,"Subject: re : epia ' 97 - call for participation
 
 call for participation epia ' 97 8th portuguese conference on artificial intelligence university auditorium , coimbra , portugal october 6 - 9 , 1997 under the auspices of the portuguese association for artificial intelligence the 8th portuguese conference on artificial intelligence will be held at coimbra , portugal , october 6 - 9 , 1997 . as in previous issues , ( ' 89 , ' 91 , ' 93 and ' 95 ) , epia ' 97 will be run as an international conference , english being the official language . the conference covers all areas of artificial intelligence , including theoretical areas , foundational areas , and applications . the scientific program consists of invited lectures , tutorials , parallel workshops , and paper presentations . eight well-known researchers will present invited lectures and tutorials . the conference proceedings will be published by springer verlag and made available to the attendees . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * invited lectures tom mitchell oskar dressler ( cmu - usa ) ( occ ' m software gmbh - germany ) luis moniz pereira francisco varela ( unl - portugal ) ( cnrs - france ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tutorial program daniel o'leary ( usc - usa ) , on ai and finance ramon de mantaras ( csic - spain ) , on kdd and data mining pedro barahona ( unl - portugal ) , on constraint programming felix costa ( ul - portugal ) , on neurocomputing * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the venue ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ coimbra is the most important city of central portugal . situated on the banks of river mondego and a mere 40km from the sea , coimbra is a two-hour train journey from the international airports of lisbon and oporto . the university of coimbra is one of the oldest in the world , its history dating back to the 13th century . grown up around its university , coimbra reflects a deep academic life , where cultural tradition and irreverence merge together to offer a splendid well being for residents and visitors . because of its immense historical heritage and unique romantic atmosphere , coimbra is one of the favorite tourist destinations in portugal . its population is approximately 100 , 000 . at the beginning of october , the temperature ranges from 20c to 22c ( 68f to 72f ) during the day . lightweight clothing is therefore recommended . as it rains from time to time during this part of the year , it is also advisable to bring an umbrella . transport ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ the closest international airports are located in lisbon and oporto , respectively 200km and 120km away from coimbra . the conference will arrange a limited number of shuttle buses for attendees , from lisbon and oporto airports to coimbra , and back . places in these buses will be subjected to previous reservation . the trips from these airports to coimbra may also be made by train , bus or car . detailed and up-to - date information will be made available at the epia ' 97 web site . accommodations ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ epia ' 97 has booked a limited number of rooms at reduced conference fees in several hotels covering a wide range of prices . transfers between some of the hotels and the university auditorium will be made available free of charge to the attendees who make their reservations through professional tours , the epia ' 97 official travel agency . accommodations for students - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - a limited number of low rate rooms in fairly good residentials and hotels is available for those registering as students for the conference . reservations - - - - - - - - - - - the reservation is considered to be effective when the payment for all the days of stay has been made . the deadline for reservations is september 30 . enquires and requests for accommodation forms should be directed to the epia ' 97 official travel agency : professional tours av . d . afonso henriques , 45 3000 coimbra portugal fax : + 351 . 39 . 401033 phone : + 351 . 39 . 402011 the accomodation form may also be found at epia ' 97 web site . tours ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ the conference program includes a scheduled tour for both the participants and their companions on saturday , october 10 ( tour 1 ) . three other tours are scheduled on the conference days for the participants companions ( tour 2 , your 3 and tour 4 ) . tour 1 - figueira da foz beach ( october 10 , full day , 2 , 100 pt , not including lunch ) tour 2 - coimbra : historical places ( october 7 , half day , 2 , 200 pte , including entrance fees ) tour 3 - nazare / batalha / fatima ( october 8 , full day , 5 , 800 pte including lunch ) tour 4 - conimbriga roman ruins ( october 9 , half day , 1 , 700 pte , including entrance fees ) social events ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ three social events are included in the social program : welcome party ( on october 6 ) , a special event ( on october 7 ) and a farewell dinner ( on october 9 ) . the welcome party and the farewell dinner are included in the conference fee , except for students for whom it is optional . the special event is not included in the conference fee . conference registration form ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ please fill in the registration form , which may be found at epia ' 97 web site , and mail or fax it with the corresponding conference fee to the epia ' 97 official address . the registration fee covers your attendance at the conference , the conference proceedings , a copy of the working notes for the workshops ( or tutorials ) you attend , coffee breaks , and the farewell dinner . method of payment ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ payments can be made by check to the order of epia ' 97 or by credit card ( visa , american express , mastercard and eurocard ) . all payments are in portuguese escudos ( pte ) . all refunds requests must be in writing and postmarked by september 15 , 1997 . a 7500 pte processing fee will be levied on all refunds granted . no refunds will be granted after this date . those registering as full-time students must include legible proof of their student status . conference proceedings and farewell dinner are not included when applying reduced conference fee for students . student scholarships ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a limited number of student scholarships is available . to apply , you must submit proof of your full-time student status in a degree-bearing program , such as a letter from your faculty advisor or a copy of your current registration receipt . note that student body cards will not suffice . these scholarships are intended to assist those who would not otherwise be able to attend the conference , and in particular , those students from the less well-off countries . to apply for a scholarship , please contact epia ' 97 at the official address given below . mailing list ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ we have set up an automated mailing list facility to easily distribute up to date information to those who wish to attend the conference . you may find instructions on how to add yourself to the mailing list at the epia ' 97 web site . insurance ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ the epia ' 97 committee can accept no liability for personal injuries , or for loss of or damage to property belonging to conference participants , either during or as a result of the conference . program committee ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ bernardete ribeiro ( portugal ) carlos bento ( portugal ) cristiano castelfranchi ( italy ) ernesto morgado ( portugal ) eugenio oliveira ( portugal ) gabriel pereira lopes ( portugal ) helder araujo ( portugal ) helder coelho ( portugal ) john self ( uk ) larry medsker ( usa ) luis moniz pereira ( portugal ) luis monteiro ( portugal ) manuela veloso ( usa ) miguel filgueiras ( portugal ) nuno mamede ( portugal ) oskar dressler ( germany ) pavel brazdil ( portugal ) pedro barahona ( portugal ) philippe dague ( france ) ramon de mantaras ( spain ) rosa vicari ( brazil ) stefano nolfi ( italy ) stuart shapiro ( usa ) takeo kanade ( usa ) xue mei wang ( usa ) yves kodratoff ( france ) conference & program co - chairs ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ernesto costa amilcar cardoso ( ernesto @ dei . uc . pt ) ( amilcar @ dei . uc . pt ) dep . eng . informatica universidade de coimbra - portugal sponsors ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ reitoria da universidade de coimbra companhia de seguros fidelidade junta nacional de investogacao cientifica e tecnologica ( jnict ) livraria julio figueiredo luso - american development foundation ( flad ) fundacao calouste gulbenkian dep . eng . informatica - uc conference official address ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ epia ' 97 dep . eng . informatica voice : + 351 ( 39 ) 7000004 universidade de coimbra - polo ii fax : + 351 ( 39 ) 701266 pinhal de marrocos email : epia97 @ alma . uc . pt 3030 coimbra , portugal url : http : / / alma . uc . pt / ~ epia97 / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * we envite you to visit the epia ' 97 web site at http : / / alma . uc . pt / ~ epia97 to find additional information on the conference and on coimbra and its historical university . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
1775,"Subject: confs : 32nd colloquium of linguistics kassel
 
 32nd colloquium of linguistics all fields of linguistics september 17-19 , 1997 university of kassel germany > from now on you can get the newest information on the 32nd colloquium of linguistics in the www . our homepage will include the latest version of the programme , some important adresses and maps , and an application form for participation as an auditor : http : / / www . uni-kassel . de / fb9 / sprachw / lk / welcome . htm dr . ingo warnke fachbereich 09 germanistik universitaet kassel d-34109 kassel fon : + 49 561 804 3336 fax : + 49 561 804 2812 mail : warnke @ hrz . uni-kassel . de
",0
1776,"Subject: new books in semantics , pragmatics , & philosophy of languages
 
 semantic analysis : a practical introduction cliff goddard , university of new england , australia ( oxford textbooks in linguistics ) semantic analysis is a lively and clearly written introduction to the study of meaning in language , and to the language - - culture connection . goddard covers traditional and contemporary issues and approaches with the relationship between semantics , conceptualization , and culture as a key theme . he also details a number of case studies that draw on a wide range of material from non - indo - european languages , particularly australian aboriginal languages and malay , on which the author is an authority . july 1998 432 pp . ; 25 linecuts 0-19 - 870016 - 4 paper $ 24 . 95 0-19 - 870017 - 2 cloth $ 76 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
",0
1777,"Subject: new books in syntax and morphology
 
 prepositions and particles in english : a discourse - functional account elizabeth m . o'dowd , st michael 's college , vermont elizabeth m . o'dowd offers a new , discourse-functional account of the categories "" preposition "" and "" particle "" in english . she explains why certain words have membership in both categories , and solves many intriguing puzzles long associated with the syntax and semantics of these words . based on linguistic data extracted from a series of actual conversations , o'dowd provides new insights into how prepositions and particles are used , and how their meanings can change across different discourse contexts over time . july 1998 232 pp . 0-19 - 511102 - 8 $ 65 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
",0
1778,"Subject: new title in grammaticalization
 
 john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new title in the field of grammaticalization : demonstratives in interaction the emergence of a definite article in finnish ritva laury ( california state university , fresno ) 1997 . viii , 294 pp . studies in discourse and grammar , 7 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 597 4 price : usd 69 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 3646 1 price : nlg 178 , - - this book concerns one of the paradigm examples of grammaticalization , the development of a definite article from a demonstrative determiner . although standard written finnish has no articles , the demonstrative se is currently emerging as a definite article in spoken finnish . this book describes and explains the developing use of se based on a database consisting of spoken narratives from three different periods spanning the last one hundred years . the author proposes that the development from demonstrative to article has its roots in the way that speakers ordinarily use demonstratives in conversation , and provides an analysis of the use of se and the two other finnish demonstratives , t \ 228m \ 228 and tuo in a corpus of multi-party conversations , showing that speakers of finnish use demonstratives to focus attention on important referents and to express and negotiate access to them in the interactive context of ongoing talk , and not primarily to talk about how near or far referents are . the development of se into a general marker of identifiability is shown to be connected with both the focusing function of demonstratives as well as its use for referents which the speaker considers accessible to the addressee . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
",0
1779,"Subject: new book on the state of modern american linguistics
 
 the publishing house of moscow state university has just released a new 455 - page hard cover book in russian which is a collection of surveys on the state of modern american linguistics . "" fundamental trends of modern american linguistics "" ( "" fundamental ' nye napravlenija sovremennoj amerikanskoj lingvistiki "" ) is unique in its scope since it is the first ever comprehensive publication in russian which attempts to present diverse disciplines within american linguistics aimed at the russian - speaking audience . the book consists of three major parts : part i : generative grammar chapter 1 . brief history of the generative grammar ( john bailyn , suny at stony brook ) chapter 2 . a study of syntactic conditions in the generative grammar ( konstantin kazenin & yakov testelec , mgu ) chapter 3 . the generative grammar and the free word order problem ( natasha kondarshova , cornell university ) chapter 4 . the generative grammar and russian linguistics : aspect and case ( natal ' ja isakadze & irina kobozeva , mgu ) part ii : other formal theories : phonology , semantics , psycholinguistics , and acquisition chapter 5 . phonology ( katya zubritskaya , nyu ) chapter 6 . formal semantics ( roumyana izvorska , u of pennsylvania ) chapter 7 . psycholinguistics ( irina sekerina , u of pennsylvania ) chapter 8 . acquisition ( sergey avrutin , yale university ) part iii : functional and cognitive theories chapter 9 . functionalism ( andrey kibrik and vladimir plungjan , mgu ) chapter 10 . semantics in cognitive linguistics ( alan cienki , emory u ) chapter 11 . main concepts of cognitive semantics ( ekaterina rakhilina , viniti ) appendix : the grammaticala relevance of theme / rheme partition ( george fowler , indiana university ) index of languages index of terms the authors and the editors made every attempt to concisely and accurately translate the linguistic terms without which it is impossible to acquaint oneself with linguistic articles in the original . the reader will find russian translations and definitions of such syntactic terms as "" subjacency principle "" , "" spellout "" , "" island constraints "" , phonological terms such as "" underspecification theory "" , "" onset principle "" , "" the ocp "" , "" optimality theory "" , and many others included in the comprehensive 47 - page russian - english index . most of the phenomena discussed are illustrated with russian examples . please address your inquires to dr . irina sekerina at sekerina @ linc . cis . upenn . edu , an authorized representative . detailed information is posted at the following url : http : / / www . cis . upenn . edu / ~ sekerina / book . htm irina sekerina the institute for research in cognitive science university of pennsylvania
",0
1780,"Subject: new book : using computers in linguistics
 
 john lawler ( university of michigan ) and helen aristar dry ( eastern michigan university ) , editors using computers in linguistics : a practical guide using computers in linguistics provides a non-technical introduction to recent developments in linguistic computing and offers specific guidance to the linguist or language professional who wishes to take advantage of them . written by expert contributors , each essay focuses on a different aspect of the interaction of computing and linguistics . features include : a glossary of technical terms , including acronyms ; chapter appendices which list and review relevant resources , such as books , software and urls ; more extensive and regularly updated appendices of resources on the world wide web : http : / / www . routledge . com / routledge / linguistics / using-comp . html table of contents john m . lawler and helen aristar dry - - introduction 1 . gary f . simons - - the nature of linguistic data and the requirements of a computing environment for linguistic research 2 . helen aristar dry and anthony rodrigues aristar - - the internet : an introduction 3 . henry rogers - - education 4 . susan hockey - - textual databases 5 . john m . lawler - - the unix language family 6 . evan l . antworthy and j . randolph valentine - - software for doing field linguistics 7 . james e . hoard - - language understanding and the emerging alignment of linguistics and natural language processing 8 . samuel bayer , john aberdeen , john burger , lynette hirschman , david palmer , and marc vilain - - theoretical and computational linguistics : toward a mutual understanding glossary bibliography conclusion 1998 / $ 22 . 99 / 320 pages 7 half tones , 54 line drawings pb 0 415 16793 0 / # d4813 [ can . pb $ 31 . 99 ] for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com available for review
",0
1781,"Subject: workshop on complexity in language contact , acquisition and change
 
 newsletter 1 . workshop on complexity in language contact , acquisition and change . 8 september 1998 , paris , france . in colaboration with the cnrs ( centre national de recherche scientifique ) , the lot ( netherlands graduate school of linguistics ) is organizing some workshops to create a forum to encourage the discussion between researchers in linguistics from the netherlands and france . one of the workshops is initiated by members of the university of amsterdam and has as its subject : complexity in language contact , acquisition and change . the workshop will take place on tuesday the 8th of september , starting at 14 . 30 until approximately 20 . 00h . the theme although there is a kind of dogma that all natural languages are equally complex , at least for certain subsystems of language there may well be differences in complexity . in discussions of processes of language change and first and second language acquisition the notion of complexity plays an important role . especially in creole studies simplicity and complexity implicitly have been dominant issues in the debate , but are seldom properly scrutinized . in this workshop we want to discuss the role of complexity in these domains , including grammatical theory , first and second language acquisition , language change and language contact - in order to shed light on controversial problems invoked by the term complexity in linguistics in general . the structure of the workshop the workshop is organized around three themes : creole languages , language acquisition and language change . each theme will be discussed by researchers from france and the netherlands in 10 minutes presentations , inspired by the following propositions . after these short presentations there will be time for discussion in each session . 1 . all languages have the same "" costs / payment "" balance , i . e . if a language becomes phonologically more simple , its morphological system will become more complex . [ cf . haugen 1976 : 286 ] 2 . all complexity in languages resides in the lexicon . [ cf . aronoff 1995 ] 3 . languages spoken within small communities are more complex than languages of large communities . [ cf . whinnom 1980 , hymes 1971 , mhlhusler 1996 ] 4 . language shift will in general lead to simplification , while borrowing will lead generally to more complex structures . [ cf . thomason & kaufman 1988 ] 5 . complexity does not play a role in first language acquisition , but it does in second language acquisition . [ cf . trudgill 1992 ] 6 . grammaticalization leads to greater complexity . [ labov 1990 , bickerton 1981 ] programme 14 . 30 chair and opening pieter muysken ( university of amsterdam / leiden ) 14 . 35 : introduction hadewych van rheeden ( university of amsterdam ) wouter kusters ( university of amsterdam ) 14 . 55 : language acquisition elisabeth van der linden ( university of amsterdam ) daniel veronique ( universit de la sorbonne nouvelle , paris iii ) colette noyau ( universit de paris x ) peter coopmans ( university of utrecht ) 15 . 55 : break 16 . 15 : creoles jacques arends ( university of amsterdam ) adrienne bruyn ( university of amsterdam ) karl gadelii ( university of gteborg ) andree tabouret - keller ( universit de strasbourg ) 17 . 15 : break chair : to be announced 17 . 35 : language change marc van oostendorp ( university of amsterdam / leiden ) fred weerman ( university of utrecht ) colette feuillard ( universit ren descartes , paris v ) muriel norde ( university of amsterdam ) francoise gadet ( universit de paris x ) 19 . 00 : general discussion . 20 . 00 : drinks and dinner . please let us know if you are interested to join this workshop . if you need more information , just contact wouter kusters and / or hadewych van rheeden : wouter . kusters @ let . uva . nl h . a . van . rheeden @ let . uva . nl another workshop will be held on wednesday the 9th , on the subject of competing principles in learners varieties , organized within the same joint programme of lot and cnrs . these workshops are immediately followed by the eurosla 8 conference on second language acquisition . for more information on the eurosla 8 look at http : / / www . kun . nl / ttmb / news . html . in the next newsletter the exact location of the workshop will be announced .
",0
1782,"Subject: books on semantics
 
 john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new title in the field of semantics : nominal classification in aboriginal australia marc harvey & nicholas reid ( eds . ) university of newcastle / university of new england 1997 . x , 296 pp . studies in language companion series , 37 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 848 5 price : usd 89 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 3040 4 price : nlg 178 , - - this volume aims to extend both the range of analyses and the database on nominal classification systems . previous analyses of nominal classification systems have focused on two areas : the semantics of the classification system and the role of the system in discourse . in many nominal classification systems , there appear to be a significant percentage of nominals with an arbitrary classification . there is a considerable body of literature aimed at elucidating the semantic bases of classification in such systems , thereby reducing the degree of apparent arbitrariness . contributors to this volume continue this line of enquiry , but also propose that arbitrariness in itself has a role from a wider socio-cultural perspective . previous analyses of the discourse role of classification systems posit that they play a significant role in referential tracking . for the languages surveyed in this volume , contributors propose that reference instantiation is an equally significant function , and indeed that reference instantiation and tracking cannot be properly divided from one another . this volume provides detailed information on classification in a number of northern australian languages , whose systems are otherwise poorly known . contents : introduction ; nominal classification and gender in aboriginal australia ; new guinea ' classificatory verbs ' and australian noun classification : a typological comparison ; head classes and agreement classes in the mayali dialect chain ; head and agreement classes : an areal perspective ; class and classifier in ngan ' gityemerri ; nominal classification in marrithiyel ; noun classes , nominal classification and generics in murrinhpatha . contributions by : mark harvey ; nicholas reid ; fransesca merlin ; steve powell robert ; alan rumsey ; nicholas evans ; ian green ; michael walsh . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
",0
1783,"Subject: books on linguistic theory
 
 john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new title in the field of linguistic theory : linguistics in the netherlands 1997 jane coerts & helen de hoop ( eds . ) 1997 . x , 230 pp . avt publications , 14 us / canada : pb : 1 55619 221 5 price : usd 48 . 00 rest of the world : pb : 90 272 3157 5 nlg 88 , - - this volume contains a selection of papers presented at the twenty-eight annual meeting of the linguistic society of the netherlands , held in utrecht on january , is , 1997 . the aim of the annual meeting is to provide members of the society with an opportunity to report on their work in progress . at this year 's meeting fin papers were presented . the 19 papers in this volume present an overview of research in different fields of linguistics in the netherlands . it contains articles on phonetics , phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics , spelling , language acquisition and aphasia . contributions by : rene van bezooijen ; hans broekhuis ; tina cambier - langeveld ; eithne b . carlin ; onno crasborn ; joost dekkers ; marcel den dikken ; mirjam t . c . ernestus ; astrid ferdinand ; claire gronemeyer ; judith haan ; vincent van heuven ; els van der kooij ; anik liptk ; maarten mous ; iris mulders ; anneke neijt ; anneke nunn ; jos pacilly ; sharon peperkamp ; josep quer ; esterella de roo ; jan schroten ; rint sybesma ; ruben van de vijver ; guido vanden wyngaerd . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
",0
1784,"Subject: lagb autumn meeting
 
 linguistics association of great britain autumn meeting 1998 : university of luton second circular the 1998 autumn meeting will be held from thursday 10 to saturday 12 september at the university of luton , at its park square campus , where the association will be the guests of the department of linguistics . the local organiser is vlad zegarac ( vladimir . zegarac @ luton . ac . uk ) . enquiries about the meeting should be addressed to : vlad zegarac , lagb 1998 , dept . of linguistics , university of luton , 75 castle street , luton , bedfordshire , lu1 3aj . the conference immediately follows the relevance theory workshop , which takes place at the university of luton from 8th to 10th of september ( for further information contact : s . nicolle @ mdx . ac . uk ) . accommodation : will be in the university halls of residence , within 5 - 7 minutes walking distance from the park square building where the talks will take place . all bedrooms are single . each bedroom is part of a flat , which consists of a bathroom , kitchen and five bedrooms . rooms will be allocated strictly on a "" first-come first-served "" basis . registration : will begin at 12 noon on thursday the 10th of september in the park square building . bar : a bar will be available every day during the conference . food : please indicate vegetarian and any other dietary requirements on the booking form below . childcare : if you require childcare during the conference , please contact the local organiser for further details . travel by train : there are direct trains to luton from london kings cross station and from gatwick airport . it takes five minutes to walk from the rail station to park square campus ( a map will be sent with your booking receipt ) . travel by car : if driving , take junction 10 off the m1 ; initially follow the sign for the a1081 ; from the next roundabout follow signs for town centre ; once you are near the town centre follow signs for park square / university of luton . parking : free parking will be available for all delegates . events : the henry sweet lecture 1998 on the thursday evening will be delivered by dan sperber ( cnrs , and crea , ecole polytechnique paris ) and is entitled relevance in an evolutionary perspective . dan sperber will also be participating in a workshop on experimental pragmatics on thursday afternoon and evening . the workshop is organised by billy clark ( middlesex university ) . other contributors are anne bezuidenhout ( south carolina ) , stephen newstead ( plymouth ) , steve nicolle ( middlesex ) , and ira noveck ( ecole polytechnique paris ) . there will be a language tutorial on roshani , a pamir language of the eastern iranian group of indo - european , given by john payne ( university of manchester ) . there will be a wine party on the thursday evening , following dan sperber 's lecture . bookings : should be sent to the local organiser , address above . there is a 10 % discount on bookings received by friday 21 august . cheques should be made payable to "" university of luton "" . programme thursday 10 september 1998 1 . 00 lunch 2 . 00 workshop on experimental pragmatics organiser : billy clark ( middlesex university ) with anne bezuidenhout ( south carolina ) , stephen newstead ( plymouth ) , steve nicolle ( middlesex ) , ira noveck ( ecole polytechnique paris ) , dan sperber ( cnrs , and crea , ecole polytechnique paris ) 3 . 30 tea 4 . 00 workshop continues 6 . 30 dinner 7 . 45 henry sweet lecture 1998 dan sperber ( cnrs , and crea , ecole polytechnique paris ) relevance in an evolutionary perspective friday 11 september 1998 session a 9 . 00 masako ohara ( essex ) "" mixed characteristics of verbal nouns in japanese "" 9 . 40 kensei sugayama ( kobe city ) "" japanese nqs and unaccusativity : from a wg point of view "" 10 . 20 jasper holmes ( ucl ) "" causing , changing and acting "" session b 9 . 00 a . sophia s . marmaridou ( athens ) "" conceptual metaphor and the relativity issue : the case of m . greek financial discourse "" 9 . 40 nathalie franken ( ulb ) "" towards a new definition of the act of communication "" 10 . 20 isao higashimori ( kobe college ) "" metaphor and metonymy in loanwords : relevance theory vs . lakovian cognitive semantics "" session c 9 . 00 kuniya nasukawa ( tohoku gakuin and ucl ) "" prenasalisation as a case of lenition "" 9 . 40 cecile de cat and bernadette plunkett ( york ) "" on the status of peripheral strong pronouns in early french "" 10 . 20 harald clahsen and sam featherston ( essex ) "" four accounts of ` trace reactivation ' : evidence from german scrambling "" 11 . 00 coffee 11 . 30 language tutorial : roshani john payne ( university of manchester ) 1 . 00 lunch session a 2 . 00 norio nasu ( ucl ) "" attract f and the status of spec - ip in infinitival clauses "" 2 . 40 seiki ayano ( durham ) "" multiple feature-checking and a double object construction in japanese "" 3 . 20 laura rupp ( essex ) "" ` inverted ' negative imperatives in english "" session b 2 . 00 christoph unger ( sli ) "" causality and relevance "" 2 . 40 anne furlong ( newfoundland ) "" the soul of wit : a relevance-theoretic approach "" 3 . 20 anna papafragou ( ucl ) "" possibility and concession "" session c 2 . 00 dick hudson ( ucl ) "" syncretism and the x - form "" 2 . 40 chet creider ( western ontario ) "" swahili verbal inflectional morphology in theoretical perspective "" 3 . 20 anne zribi - hertz ( paris-8 ) "" number specification and referentiality : a contrast between french and malagasy "" 4 . 00 tea 4 . 30 lagb business meeting 5 . 30 language tutorial continues 6 . 30 dinner 7 . 45 language tutorial continues saturday 12 september 1998 session a 9 . 00 shen yuan ( hong kong ) "" sentences with indefinite subjects and their information structures "" 9 . 40 mayumi masuko ( waseda ) "" valence reduction and lexical meaning "" 10 . 20 valia kordoni ( tbingen ) "" agentivity , causation , cliticization and psych verb constructions : at the syntax-lexical semantics interface "" session b 9 . 00 s j hannahs & maggie tallerman ( durham ) "" on getting ` the ' right in welsh "" 9 . 40 nedzad leko ( oslo ) "" syntactic versus semantic agreement in the oslo corpus of bosnian texts "" 10 . 20 john payne and erika chisarik ( manchester ) "" case - markers and postpositions : the hungarian problem "" session c 9 . 40 sam featherston , harald clahsen , thomas muente and matthias grosz ( essex ) "" raising and equi structures in hpsg and ppt : psycholinguistic evidence "" 10 . 20 chieko kuribara ( reading ) "" resetting or tactics ? : acquisition of functional category c by japanese learners of english "" 11 . 00 coffee session a 11 . 30 delia bentley and thrhallur eythrsson ( manchester ) "" ` have ' is not be "" 12 . 10 bernadette plunkett ( york ) "" locutionary inversion in modern french "" session b 11 . 30 s j hannahs ( durham ) "" unexceptional exceptions and french glides "" 1 . 00 lunch session a 2 . 00 roger maylor ( durham ) "" the german be - prefix : a case of incorporation "" 2 . 40 jim miller ( edinburgh ) "" what is a non-configurational language ? "" session b 2 . 00 april mcmahon ( cambridge ) "" expecting the unexpected : predictability and contingency in optimality theory "" 2 . 40 guy deutscher ( trinity ) "" the different faces of uniformitarianism "" 3 . 20 tea and close booking form please return this form , with your remittance , to : vlad zegarac , dept . of linguistics , university of luton , 75 castle street , luton , bedfordshire , lu1 3aj . please make cheques payable to "" university of luton "" . ( all prices are in pounds sterling ( "" stlg "" ) ) . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name : institution : address for this mailing : e-mail address : i enclose remittance as indicated ( select appropriate package ) : 1 . complete conference package : ( a ) including thursday lunch preceding workshop ( i ) if sent to arrive before 21 august 96 . 10 stlg . . . . . ( ii ) if sent to arrive after 21 august 104 . 00 stlg . . . . . ( b ) excluding thursday lunch ( i ) if sent to arrive before 21 august 87 . 10 stlg . . . . . ( ii ) if sent to arrive after 21 august 95 . 00 stlg . . . . . ( c ) surcharge for non-members , 5 . 00 stlg . . . . . total : . . . . . . . . 2 . selected items : ( a ) conference fee ( obligatory ) to cover cost of abstracts , tea and coffee , room bookings , speakers ' expenses etc . 15 . 00 stlg . . . . . . . . . . ( b ) thursday lunch 9 . 00 stlg . . . . . . . . . . ( c ) thursday dinner 9 . 00 stlg . . . . . . . . . . ( d ) b&b thursday / friday 22 . 00 stlg . . . . . . . . . . ( e ) friday lunch 9 . 00 stlg . . . . . . . . . . ( f ) friday dinner 9 . 00 stlg . . . . . . . . . . ( g ) b&b friday / saturday 22 . 00 stlg . . . . . . . . . . ( h ) saturday lunch 9 . 00 stlg . . . . . . . . . . sub-total : . . . . . . . . . . deduct 10 % if sent to arrive before 15 august . . . . . . . . . . ( i ) surcharge for non-members , 5-00 stlg . . . . . . . . . . total : . . . . . . . . . . 4 . abstracts only , for those not attending : 5-00 stlg uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-00 stlg overseas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tick to receive abstracts with your booking receipt : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tick if you would like vegetarian food : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . other special requirements ( e . g . diet , accommodation ) : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please indicate whether you are travelling by train . . . . . by car . . . . . . other . . . . . . . .
",0
1785,"Subject: hil phonology 4 ( hilp 4 )
 
 call for papers : the fourth hil phonology conference ( hilp 4 ) january 28-30 , 1999 at leiden university , the netherlands organized by the holland institute of generative linguistics deadline for abstracts : 1 october 1998 contact : harry van der hulst and jeroen van de weijer e-mail : hilp4 @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl web site : http : / / www . leidenuniv . nl / hil / confs / hilp4 abstracts are invited in all areas of phonology , and particularly on the conference theme : "" how phonetic is phonology ? "" - what is the input to the phonetic component , e . g . in terms of abstractness ? - what is the role of phonology and what is the role of phonetics , and how do they interact ? besides the main conference , there will be three workshops . workshop themes will be : - the role of paradigmatic relations in phonology - lexical insertion and phonology - iconicity please submit six copies of an abstract of maximally three pages ( including examples and references ) before 1 october 1998 . only one of the abstracts should identify the author and his / her affiliation . the program will be announced on 1 november . selected papers will be published in a reviewed volume of proceedings . the contents of earlier volumes ( hil phonology papers i , ii and iii ) are listed on the web site : http : / / www . leidenuniv . nl / hil / various / publics / publics . htm please submit abstracts to : hilp 4 committee hil / atw p . o . box 9515 2300 ra leiden the netherlands abstracts submitted by e-mail before 1 october will be accepted on the condition that a hard copy follows with a week .
",0
1786,"Subject: alt iii
 
 alt iii : announcement and call for papers the third international conference of the association for linguistic typology ( alt iii ) will be held at the university of amsterdam , from august 26 to august 29 , 1999 . the first day of the meeting will be devoted to a workshop on creoles . the local organizer for alt iii will be casper de groot , ifott / atw , spuistraat 210 , nl-1012 vt amsterdam , the netherlands . members and non-members wishing to present a paper at alt iii are asked to send six copies of a one-page abstract to the chair of the program committee , scott delancey ( address below ) , to reach him no later than march 1 , 1999 . a second page ( six copies ) may be attached to the abstract listing data . the program committee will , by may 1 , 1999 , convey its decision on acceptance of papers to those submitting abstracts . each abstract should include the author 's name ( or authors ' names ) and mailing address ( please , just one mailing address for multiple authors ) , including telephone , fax , and e-mail address as available . each abstract should specify the amount of time requested for the presentation , including discussion , which may be 30 , 45 , or 60 minutes . members may also submit abstracts for symposia , including the names of participants and the amount of time requested ( which may , of course , exceed 60 minutes ) . address for mailing abstracts : scott delancey department of linguistics university of oregon eugene , or 97403-1290 , usa for information on the association for linguistic typology contact : johan van der auwera university of antwerp ( uia ) linguistics ( ger ) b-2610 wilrijk , belgium fax : + 32 - 3-8202762 auwera @ uia . ua . ac . be
",0
1787,"Subject: perceiving and performing gender
 
 perceiving and performing gender 4th symposium on gender research at kiel university , germany november 12-14 , 1998 the conference focuses on the central question : how do social perceptions alongside the behaviour of individuals contribute to the construction of gender ? - how do we interpret and assess women and men ? - which properties and modes of behaviour do we ascribe to each gender ? - are gender differences the result of a gendered behaviour , or do they base themselves on gender-stereotyped expectations ? this symposium opens the possibility of discussing these and other questions in a cross-disciplinary and international perspective . keynote speakers prof . dr . jutta allmendinger institut fur soziologie ludwig - maximilian - universitat munchen prof . dr . mahzarin r . banaji department of psychology yale university prof . dr . j . richard hackman department of psychology harvard university prof . dr . thomas laqueur department of history university of california , berkeley prof . dr . donald g . mackay department of psychology university of california , los angeles prof . dr . anthony mulac department of communication university of california , santa barbara prof . dr . rosanne stone advanced communication technologies laboratory department of radio - tv - film the university of texas call for papers in addition to the presentations by the keynote speakers , we are accepting papers on further topics . interested researchers should send us a brief abstract of their proposed presentation . this abstract should be written in either english or german and be no longer than one typewritten page . of those papers accepted to the symposium , several will be chosen for publication in a collection of highlights from the conference . language the symposium will be conducted in both english and german . presentations and comments can be formulated and contributed in either language . deadlines proposal abstracts must be received by zif no later than 30 april 1998 . registration deadline for the symposium is 1 october 1998 . fees registration costs dm 120 . this price is reduced to dm 30 for students and umemployed academics . for registration and further information please contact : susanne oelkers , m . a . zif centre for interdisciplinary research on women and gender christian albrecht university tel . : ( german code ) ( 0 ) 431 57949 51 olshausenstr . 40 fax : ( german code ) ( 0 ) 57949 50 d-24098 kiel email : < oelkers @ zif . uni-kiel . de > germany
",0
1788,"Subject: tanlps workshop : final call for paper
 
 tanlps workshop : final call for papers held at the european conference on machine learning ( ecml ' 98 ) , chemnitz , germany 21-24 april 1998 ( www address : http : / / www . tu-chemnitz . de / informatik / ecml98 / ) . tanlps towards adaptive nlp - driven systems : linguistic information , learning methods and applications 24 april 1998 organized by : r . basili , m . t . pazienza ( university of roma , tor vergata , italy ) since most of its applications , from syntactic to semantic , are lexicon driven , systematic and reliable acquisition on a large scale of linguistic information is the real challenge to natural language processing ( nlp ) . empiricist view on natural language processing and learning has become recently more attractive for a wider research community : computational linguistics , artificial intelligence , psychology then seemed to converge on a specific data-oriented perspective aiming to overcome the traditional knowledge acquisition bottleneck . it has been often noted that the limited attention paid by the machine learning community to text and speech data seems unjustified . it is thus more and more evident that empirical learning of natural language processing ( nlp ) can alleviate the nlp main problem by means of a variety of methods for the automatic induction of lexical knowledge . lexical knowledge is often hard to compile by hand , and even harder to port and reuse . nlp application systems still have a low impact on real world problems , mainly due to the costs related to reusability and customization of the required lexicons . in particular , changes in the domain causes changes in the lexical information required in the underlying natural language . empirical , symbolic machine learning methods can be perfectly suited for this task like automatic acquisition and adaptation of this knowledge . rule induction , symbolic approaches to clustering , lazy learning , and inductive logic programming , have been already proposed by a growing community that is entering the challenge for theoretical ( i . e . methodological ) and application purposes a variety of techniques seems to be combined in order to successfully design realistic inductive systems for text processing : the target of this research is to define methods and design principles for systems combining linguistic and lexical learning capabilities for large scale language processing tasks . this is what we mean with adaptive nlp - driven systems . within this research task , some issues can favour a synergistic process between nlp and ml areas : the access to large data sets , that are even increasing over time , due to the telematics facilities available nowadays ; extending the set of typical classes of ml problems to other hard cases ( particularly dense in the nlp processes ) ; adding inductive capabilities to nlp system for tasks related to specific applications ( i . e . information extraction ) . the proposed workshop thus aims at stimulating reasearch and discussion on the following aspects : - establishing results and evidencies on the suitability of different ml paradigms on specific levels of representation of lexical knowledge ( morphology , syntax , linguistic inference among others ) - comparison of the quantitative approaches to lexical acquisition with empirical symbolic methods - stimulating discussion on cognitive perspective of some models within a plausible architecture for language processing and learning - establishing results on the applicability of the extracted / induce knowledge within nlp systems , with respect to assessed evaluation criteria , typical of the ml and language engineering ( le ) area - case studies on adaptive nlp systems , i . e . effective nlp systems integrating linguistic inferences with inductive capabilities ( www kb at cmu , ecran , . . . ) , - critical review of existing experiences on adaptive nlp systems - establishing guidelines for an evaluation framework of adaptive nlp systems : accuracy of the linguistic process , robustness of the induction process , . . . - promote cooperation among research groups in europe and usa to exchange ideas , data and tools for design and experiment architectures for adaptive nlp systems related events a parallel workshop will be also held in the ecml conference : "" text mining "" organized by yves kodratoff . although close in intent and topics , the two workshops have a specific "" identity "" in terms of area of research , multidisciplinary aspects and contributions . so , in order to enhance the discussion and the synergistic contributions to the two independent approaches , submissions covering common problems ( i . e . adaptive data mining from textual data ) will undergo a specific review , in cooperation with the other workshop pc . in fact , a joint ( half day ) session on specific borderline topics as well as on existing ( hybrid ) systems has been planned and a subset of the accepted papers will be presented there . a particular effort will be asked to authors for stressing / enhancing synergistic aspects . the program committee will suggest guidelines to compare / generalize / extend individual contributions in this specific perspective . workshop format : the workshop is expected to cover the whole day . in the first session , apart from an invited talk , we expect to cover methodological issues . papers related to advanced research on suitability of learning paradigms for the different target lexical information will be favoured . prototypical examples in this area are studies on empirical learning of tasks like pos tagging , induction of grammatical information , symbolic learning of word sense disambiguation criteria and lexical semantic information . a panel discussion is expected to close the morning session and focus on principles of suitability for learning paradigms vs . lexical levels . in the second session we expect to stimulate participants to cover application areas , like ir and ie , on original research works that are currently under development in several research centres in europe ( sheffield , tilburg , rome tor vergata and torino universities ) . a panel discussion on the implication of the adaptive paradigm on existing and potential nlp systems will close the workshop . program committee r . basili ( university of roma , tor vergata , italy ) m . craven ( carnegie mellon university , usa ) w . daelemans ( university of tilburg , nederlands ) m . t . pazienza ( university of roma , tor vergata , italy ) l . saitta ( university of torino , italy ) c . samuelssonn ( bell labs , at&t , usa ) y . wilks ( university of sheffield , uk ) paper submission : = = = = = = = = = = = = papers should not exceed 3000 words or 6 pages . hard copy submission : three copies of the paper should be sent to : roberto basili department of computer science , systems and production university of roma , tor vergata via di tor vergata 00133 roma ( italy ) e-mail : basili @ info . utovrm . it electronic submission : electronic submission may be in either self-contained postscript or rtf formats , to basili @ info . utovrm . it for each submission - - whether hard copy or electronic - - a separate plain ascii text email message should be sent to roberto basili , containing the following information : # name : name of first author # title : title of the paper # pages : number of pages # files : name of file ( if attachments are submitted electronically ) # note : any relevant instructions # keys : keywords # email : email of the first author # abstr : abstract of the paper . . . . . . important dates : workshop final call for papers : 20 january 1998 papers due : 20 february 1998 notification of acceptance : 5 march 1998 final version due : 25 march 1998 workshop : 24 april 1998 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - roberto basili department of computer science , systems and production university of roma , tor vergata via di tor vergata 00133 roma ( italy ) e-mail : basili @ info . utovrm . it tel : + 39 - 6 - 7259 7391 fax : + 39 - 6 - 7259 7460 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
1789,"Subject: cimca ' 99
 
 final call for paper international conference on computational intelligence for modelling , control and automation cimca ' 99 17-19 february 1999 vienna - austria http : / / www-gscit . fcit . monash . edu . au / conferences / cimca99 14 august 1998 deadline for submission of extended abstract honorary chair : lotfi a . zadeh , university of california , usa general chair : masoud mohammadian , monash university ( australia ) second call for papers the international conference on computational intelligence for modelling , control and automation will be held in vienna , austria on 17-19 february 1999 . the conference provides a medium for the exchange of ideas between theoreticians and practitioners to address the important issue in computational intelligence , modelling , control and automation . the conference will consist of both plenary sessions and contributory sessions , focusing on theory , implementation and applications of computational intelligence techniques to modelling , control and automation . for contributory sessions , extended abstract papers are being solicited . several well-known keynote speakers will address the conference . topics include , but are not limited to , the following area : modern and advanced control strategies : neural networks control , fuzzy logic control , genetic algorithms & evolutionary control , model - predictive control , adaptive and optimal control , intelligent control systems , robotics and automation , fault diagnosis , intelligent agents , industrial automations hybrid systems : fuzzy evolutionary systems , fuzzy expert systems , fuzzy neural systems , neural genetic systems , neural - fuzzy - genetic systems , hybrid systems for optimisation data analysis , prediction and model identification : signal processing , prediction & time series analysis , system identification , data fusion and data mining , knowledge discovery , intelligent information systems , image processing , image understanding , parallel computing applications in identification & control , pattern recognition , clustering , classification decision making and information retrieval : case - based reasoning , decision analysis , intelligent databases & information retrieval , dynamic systems modelling , decision support systems , multi - criteria decision making , qualitative and approximate - reasoning modelling paper submission papers will be selected based on their originality , significance , correctness , and clarity of presentation . four copies of extended abstract ( 500-800 word ) should be submitted to the following address : cimca ' 99 secretariat school of computing & information technology monash university gippsland campus switchback rd , churchill 3842 victoria , australia extended abstract should present original work , which has not been published or being reviewed for other conferences . important dates 14 august 1998 deadline for submission of extended abstract 21 september 1998 notification of acceptance 23 november1998 deadline for camera-ready copies of accepted papers 17-19 february 1999 conference sessions special sessions and tutorials special sessions and tutorials will be organised at the conference . the conference is calling for special sessions and tutorial proposals . all proposals should be sent to the conference chair before november 23rd , 1998 . cimca ' 99 will also include a special poster session devoted to recent work and work-in - progress . abstracts are solicited for this session ( 3 pages limit ) may be submitted up to 30 days before the conference date . invited sessions keynote speakers from academia and industry will be addressing the main issues of the conference . international program committee : h . adeli , the ohio state university , usa b . kosko , university of southern california , usa a . kandel , university of south florida , usa t . fukuda , nagoya university , japan t . baeck , informatic centrum dortmund , germany j . bezdek , university of west florida , usa k . hirota , tokyo institute of technology , japan g . dorffner , university of vienna , austria e . oja , helsinki university of technology , finland w . pedrycz , university of manitoba , canada x . yao , the university of new south wales , adfa , australia h . r . berenji , nasa ames research center , usa r . c . eberhart , purdue university , usa a . y . zomaya , university of western australia , australia t . shibata , miti , ministry of international trade and industry , japan h . liljenstrom , royal institute of technology , sweden f . herrera , university of granada , spain a . bulsari , ab nonlinear solutions oy , finland b . bignall , monash university , australia j . d . pinter , dalhousie university , canada v . piuri , politecnico di milano , italy t . furuhashi , nagoya university , japan a . aamodt , norwegian university of science and technology , norway t . yamakawa , kyushu institute of technology , japan l . guan , university of sydney , australia j . fernandez de caete , university of malaga , spain w . duch , nicholas copernicus , university , poland e . tulunay , middle east technical university , turkey c . kuroda , tokyo institute of technology , japan international liaison : canada and usa liaison : j . d . pinter , dalhousie university , canada europe liaison : r . john , de montfort university , uk z . pahlavani , avip , austria local arrangements and public relation : zohra pahlavani , avip , austria christina meier , australia publicity : henry selvaraj monash university ( australia ) robert john , de montfort university ( uk ) publication : baikunth nath , monash university , australia masoud mohammadian , ( chair ) , monash university , australia j . d . pinter , dalhousie university , canada visits and social events sightseeing visits will be arranged for the delegates and guests . a separate program will be arranged for companions during the conference . for further information either contact cimca99 @ fcit . monash . edu . au or see the conference homepage at : http : / / www-gscit . fcit . monash . edu . au / conferences / cimca99
",0
1790,"Subject: spanish in the united states conference
 
 preliminary announcement and call for papers : 17th conference on spanish in the united states florida international university miami , florida march 11 , 12 , 13 , 1999 keynote speakers : to be announced in fall 1998 abstracts for twenty-minute papers are invited on the following general topics related to spanish in the united states : language policy and planning , language variation , discourse analysis , language maintenance and shift , language attitudes , testing , heritage language education , language in public life . persons interested in presenting a paper at the conference are requested to submit five copies of a one-page abstract of the paper . the abstract should be accompanied by a separate page stating the title of the paper , your name , affiliation , institutional address , your telephone numbers , including fax , and e-mail , and the address at which you wish to receive a notification concerning acceptance of the paper . please do not identify yourself on the abstract itself . abstracts must be received by october 19 , 1998 . queries and abstracts should be addressed to : dr . ana roca , conference chair department of modern languages deuxieme maison 498a florida international university university park miami , fl 33199 305-348 - 2046 rocaa @ fiu . edu ( please post and share ) hotel information : full information will be posted in fall 1998 in the linguist list . we have made definite arrangements with the david william hotel and the biltmore hotel ( in coral gables ) . conference participants can stay at the david william hotel at a negotiated rate of $ 99 / night and will have all privileges at the biltmore hotel ( a luxury hotel in a historic building ) because both hotels are under the same management and coorporation now . the biltmore is only about four or five blocks away and you can walk or take the hotel shuttle there . the conference will be held at the biltmore and at florida international university . if you wish to make early reservations , call the david william hotel at 305-445 - 7821 and mention that it is for fiu 's "" spanish in the u . s . "" conference march 11-13 , 1999 at the agreed upon rate . space is limited . note : queries will be answered as soon as possible after august 16 , 1998 and a conference registration form will be posted soon and can also be mailed to you as early as fall 1998 at the start of the new academic year .
",0
1791,"Subject: multilinguality workshop
 
 ecai98 second multilinguality in the lexicon workshop august 25th 1998 a workshop held as part of the 13th biennial european conference on artificial intelligence ( ecai-98 ) august 23rd - 28th , 1998 , brighton , uk organising committee : lynne cahill ( university of sussex ) susan armstrong ( issco ) pierette bouillon ( issco ) roger evans ( itri , university of brighton ) web site : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 / tw / w13 . html the 1st multilinguality in the lexicon workshop took place in april 1996 as part of the aisb workshop series at sussex , and brought together researchers with a wide range of experiences in multilingual lexicon development . this second mll workshop will follow up on some of the work presented there , as well as introducing other work on multilinguality in the lexicon . the workshop will run for one day as part of ecai-98 in brighton , uk . there will be two blocks of three papers , each followed by a led discussion session . programme : 9 . 30 pierrette bouillon & federica busa ` a verb like "" attendre "" : the point of view of "" generative lexicon "" ' 10 . 15 helge dyvik ` translations as semantic mirrors ' 11 . 00 coffee 11 . 30 evelyne viegas ` multilinguality and genericity in syntagmatic relations ' 12 . 15 discussion 1 . 00 lunch 2 . 00 manfred stede ` particles : particularly problematic for multilingual nlp ' 2 . 45 lynne cahill ` automatic extension of a hierarchical multilingual lexicon ' 3 . 30 tea 4 . 00 john bateman & serge sharoff ` multilingual grammars and multilingual lexicons for multilingual text generation ' 4 . 45 discussion 5 . 30 close further information : to obtain further information about ecai-98 and the workshop please visit the ecai-98 web site at http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 /
",0
1792,"Subject: 3rd intl conf on maintenance and loss of minority langs
 
 third international conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands november 26 - november 27 , 1998 programme the conference will consist of three sections . the first section addresses the sociological and social-psychological explanatory context in which language shift processes take place . the second section deals with language attrition from a psycholinguistic perspective , and the third is fully devoted to the building of an integrated explanatory framework for processes of language shift and loss . in memory of willem fase , one of the initiators of the first and second conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages , who died in 1997 , a new forum called the willem fase lecture has been set up . this plenary lecture forum will be granted to a promising scholar , to be selected from the abstracts submitted . thursday , november 26 , 1998 08 . 30-09 . 30 registration at koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands tea / coffee 09 . 30-10 . 00 conference opening section i : language shift from a sociological and social-psychological perspective 10 . 00-11 . 00 plenary session : lesley milroy 11 . 00-12 . 00 plenary session : richard bourhis 12 . 00-13 . 00 lunch 13 . 00-13 . 45 parallel sessions of free papers 13 . 45-14 . 30 parallel sessions 14 . 30-15 . 15 parallel sessions 15 . 15-16 . 00 tea / coffee section ii : language loss from a psycholinguistic perspective 16 . 00-17 . 00 plenary session : kees de bot 17 . 00-17 . 45 parallel sessions 17 . 45-18 . 30 parallel sessions 19 . 00-20 . 30 dinner friday , november 27 , 1998 section ii continued : language loss from a psycholinguistic perspective 08 . 30-09 . 30 plenary session : joel walters 09 . 30-10 . 15 parallel sessions 10 . 15-10 . 45 tea / coffee 10 . 45-11 . 30 plenary session : willem fase lecture 11 . 30-12 . 30 concluding remarks on section i and ii by joshua fishman 12 . 30-13 . 30 lunch section iii : towards an integrated explanatory framework for processes of language shift and loss 13 . 30-15 . 30 preparatory workshops 15 . 30-16 . 00 tea / coffee 16 . 00-17 . 30 round table chaired by michael clyne general information conference secretariat tilburg university research group on language and minorities c / o heleen strating - keurentjes p . o . box 90153 nl-5000 le tilburg the netherlands tel : + 31 13 4662588 fax : + 31 13 4663110 e - mail : language . loss . 98 @ kub . nl organizing committee - dr . ton ammerlaan , arnhem school of business - madeleine hulsen , university of nijmegen - dr . jetske klatter - folmer , institute for the deaf / tilburg university - heleen strating - keurentjes , tilburg university - piet van avermaet , university of leuven - dr . kutlay yagmur , tilburg university scientific committee - prof . kees de bot , university of nijmegen - prof . michael clyne , monash university , melbourne - prof . joshua fishman , stanford university , california / yeshiva university , new york - prof . koen jaspaert , university of leuven - dr . sjaak kroon , tilburg university location the conference will be held at koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands . this modern conference center is situated in forested areas , only fifteen minutes from the city of eindhoven and eindhoven airport . all rooms have a shower , toilet , television and telephone . koningshof offers a wide range of indoor and outdoor sports and leisure facilities , including a swimming pool , sauna , fitness club and squash court . registration and fees for registration , all participants ( including authors of submitted abstracts of papers ) are requested to mail the attached registration form before august 1 , 1998 . the registration fees are : dfl 460 conference programme and full board , after july 1 , 1998 . dfl 285 conference programme , after july 1 , 1998 . please add an additional dfl 10 to cover international transfer charges if subscribing from abroad . the fee for the programme covers the conference fee , lunches on thursday and friday , tea / coffee during breaks , and the foreseen conference publication . the fee for full board additionally covers a single-room accommodation for one night including breakfast at koningshof conference center on thursday / friday as well as dinner on thursday . you will receive confirmation of registration , and the final programme at the end of august , 1998 . those who arrive earlier or wish to stay longer must take care of further accommodations themselves . they can contact the conference secretariat . payment of fees all payments should reach us ultimately by august 1 , 1998 ( see registration and fees ) . fees should be paid in dutch guilders to : kub / flw , postbank account number 2386602 , mentioning ' code 1 . 8210 . w334 ' . cancellations the conference secretariat should be notified of cancellations in writing . if cancellations are received before august 1 , 1998 all fees , minus a cancellation charge of 25 % will be refunded . if cancelled after august 1 , but before september 1 , 1998 the cancellation charge will be 50 % . no refunds will be made for cancellations received later than september 1 , 1998 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration form third international conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages , koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands , november 26 - november 27 , 1998 . please fill out completely and return to the conference secretariat before august 1 , 1998 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ o male / o female name , initials : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . first name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . institution : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mailing address : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tel . / fax : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e - mail : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please register me for : o conference programme and full board , after july 1 , 1998 . dfl 460 o conference programme , after july 1 , 1998 . dfl 285 i hereby confirm that the fees have been remitted to the kub / flw account ( see payment of fees ) . special requests or requirements : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . place / date : signature :
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1793,"Subject: errors in language learning .
 
 james , carl . ( 1998 ) . errors in language learning and use : exploring error analysis . london : longman . isbn 0 582 25763 - 8 ( paperback ) . rrp : 14 . 99 . the analysis of errors in cognitive , linguistic and other psychological processes has a long history dating back to the introduction of signal detection theory in psychophysics and behavioural learning paradigms . although many applied linguists now favour interlanguage paradigms for second-language acquisition , error analysis ( ea ) is still widely used in language classes . the attraction of ea lies in one 's ability to isolate variability in responses , such as distinguishing true errors from "" mistakes "" , which simple "" correct / incorrect "" paradigms tend to discard . in this new book on ea in language learning and usage , carl james builds on his earlier work on contrastive analysis and applied linguistics to further explore the role that performance errors play in language acquisition ( particularly second-language acquisition ) . the book consists of a historical overview of ea in applied linguistics , and then embarks on an ambitious attempt to both define and constrain the scope and methodology of ea in language processing and language learning . this methodology includes typologies for classifying and understanding how errors arise , as well as algorithmic specifications for the diagnosis and error correction in clinical and educational settings . the first chapter aims to give a historical overview of ea in the context of its origins , its inspirations , its competitors , and its influences on second language teaching . james defines an error as "" an unsuccessful bit of language "" ( p . 1 ) which seems to be as succinct and compact a description as i ' ve ever read ! however , this very readable style of writing , whilst appearing informal , is maintained through later chapters where discussion of technical issues could easily have been obfuscated by a poor writing style . first - and second-order paradigms within language learning are described in detail in this chapter , with the interlanguage and crosslinguistic approaches compared with alternatives such as ea and contrastive analysis . idiosyncratic and language-specific difficulties in language learnability are also covered in the context of linguistic change and metalinguistic influences on successful language acquisition . several methods for collecting data in ea are informally introduced in this chapter ( e . g . , error elicitations such as the "" broad trawl "" ) , which naturally leads into the second chapter on defining the scope of ea in language acquisition . the second chapter begins with an enlightening discussion of popular conceptions of what "" proper "" language is ( such as the king 's english ) , and catalogues the many failed attempts to enforce a "" correct "" dialect of english both in britain and asia ( the "" complaints "" tradition ) . this issue is clearly relevant for defining exactly what an error is , given the absolutist attributions made by some educators and policy makers about the tenability or correctness of certain forms of spoken and written english ( i . e . , "" standard "" english ) . james outlines some typologies for understanding language norms based on geographical and historical constraints , but correctly identifies deficiencies in these schemes ( particularly the failure , for example , to understand the role of colonialism in language preferences ) . this issue is taken up with respect to the issue of power and authority of native speakers with respect to non-native speakers of english , and conversely how the desire to speak a second language can unwittingly result in language loss and native - language change . chapters 3 , 4 and 5 focus on the definition and description of errors within the ea paradigm , having defined the focus of the ea methodology in the previous chapters . james begins by defining learners ' ignorance of a target language in terms of four categories of deviance : grammaticality , acceptability , correctness and strangeness . it is a clear advantage of the authors ' approach to ea that both grammatical / rational and performance / empirical approaches to language acquisition are covered by his typology , thus not "" taking sides "" with one viewpoint or the other . this rationale is based on the idea that ea is a methodology rather than a theoretical prescription . this focus continues with a discussion of error detection methods , in the context of locating and describing such errors in different parts of speech and indeed with respect to discourses longer than single sentences or phrases . the importance of a pluralistic approach which is tolerant of differences in dialects is emphasised , whilst ensuring that objective and stationary criteria are applied to utterances and writing within each dialect group . error taxonomies , such as feature and surface structure approaches , are outlined in detail with worked examples , which are one of the key design features of the authors ' pedagogical approach . computer - assisted analysis of errors is also discussed , as are specific algorithmic approaches to rating levels of error in lexical and grammatical processes . the next two chapters focus on diagnosing errors and evaluating their seriousness and impact for second-language learners in particular . possible negative influences , such as interlingual errors arising from conflicts between the target language and mother tongue , are treated in detail , as are intralingual errors and inconsistencies which the non-native speaker encounters for the first time in the target language , such as over-generalisations and false analogies . in addition , the role of culture in influencing and perhaps determining some aspects of linguistic behaviour is discussed , for example , how native speakers might "" gate "" a non-native speaker . error gravity and comprehensibility are also covered , as are some amusing examples given for "" the irritation factor "" . the sociopragmatic consequences of error production in social situations , and the potentially negative outcomes for non-native speakers , are also discussed . chapter 8 discusses pragmatic strategies for using ea to correct errors in speech and writing for second language learners . these are enhanced by a number of case studies presented in chapter 9 . the issues covered in these last two chapters are non-trivial for applied linguistics : is second - language teaching effective ? if so , which approaches are best suited to particular kinds of students ? are formal / grammatical or informal / conversational approaches superior ? although james provides no magic answers for any of these questions , he does present a coherent methodology for answering these kinds of questions for individual situations , which is the great appeal of this book . this book would be suitable as an undergraduate or graduate text in applied linguistics or tesl programmes , but will be an invaluable reference for researchers in related fields such as psycholinguistics and machine translation , who might be searching for a more formal methodology for understanding error production in their respective fields . this book will be an indispensable addition to every linguist 's library . reviewed by : paul a . watters , department of computing , school of mathematics , physics , computing and electronics , macquarie university nsw 2109 , australia . tel . : + 61 - 2-9850 - 9541 ; fax : + 61 - 2-9850 - 9551 ; e - mail : pwatters @ mpce . mq . edu . au . paul a . watters is a research officer at macquarie university in australia , and is currently working on computational representations of semantics in models of language and speech production , as well as developing pragmatic approaches to machine translation . he is an associate editor of the south pacific journal of psychology .
",0
1794,"Subject: new book : phonetics , phonology
 
 please post the following book : ladd , d . robert ( university of edinburgh ) ; intonational phonology ; isbn : 0-521 - 47575 - 9 ; paperback ; 6 x 9 ; 349 pp . ; pub . date : 01 / 13 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 23 . 95 ; intonation is becoming increasingly prominent in areas from phonology to speech recognition . ladd gives an exceptionally clear overview of the key ideas of pierrehumbert 's autosegmental-metrical theory to intonational phonology , and discusses alternative approaches . he also looks critically at the version put forward by generativists , and offers his own solutions . this book will appeal to phonologists as an original contribution , and will be welcomed by students and researchers , who will find in it the ideal overview of recent work . ; contents : 1 . introduction to intonational phonology ; 2 . fundamental concepts of the autosegmental-metrical theory ; 3 . phonological representation of pitch in the am theory ; 4 . cross - language comparison of intonation ; 5 . patterns of prominence ; 6 . prosodic structure ; 7 . ! pitch range . ; order info : www . cup . org / order . html
",0
1795,"Subject: books on pragmatics
 
 john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new titles in the field of pragmatics : handbook of pragmatics manual & annual supplements jef verschueren , jan - ola ostman , jan blommaert & chris bulcaen ( university of antwerp / university of helsinki ) manual 1994 . xiv , 658 pp . us / canada : hb : 1-55619 - 503 - 6 price : usd 160 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 5081 2 price : nlg 320 , - - supplement 1995 . 336 pp . + binder us / canada : 1-55619 - 511 - 7 price : usd 97 . 00 rest of the world : 90 272 2157 x price : 194 , - - supplement 1996 . vi , 268 pp . us / canada : 1 55619 512 5 price : usd 79 . 00 rest of the world : 90 272 2158 8 price : nlg 158 , - - supplement 1997 . ca . 320 pp . us / canada : 1 55619 527 3 price : usd 89 . 00 rest of the world : 90 272 2173 1 price : nlg 178 , - - the handbook of pragmatics aims to provide easy access for scholars with widely divergent backgrounds but with convergent interests in the use and functioning of language to the different topics , traditions and methods which together make up the field of pragmatics , broadly conceived as "" the cognitive , social and cultural study of language and communication "" . the handbook of pragmatics will be an annually updated state-of - the-art publication . the main body of the handbook will be produced in loose-leaf format in a handsome 3 - ring binder and will be accompanied by a bound manual , which will contain all necessary background information and user guidelines . this manual will be the first installment of the handbook . within the subsequent five years , the loose-leaf handbook will form the basis of the handbook proper giving an overview of the sub-fields , traditions , methodologies and concepts of pragmatics . after this phase , the handbook will continue to be expanded , topics will be dealt with in depth and updated annually . the project is thus a unique work of reference that guarantees to be always a state-of - the-art source book for researchers . current issues in relevance theory villy rouchota and andreas h . jucker ( eds ) 1998 . xii , 368 pp . pragmatics & beyond ns 58 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 821 3 price : usd 75 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 5072 3 price : nlg 150 , - - the eleven original papers collected in this volume address themselves to some of the central issues in the relevance theoretic research programme since the 1995 publication of the second edition of sperber and wilson 's relevance . communication and cognition . several papers investigate the distinction between conceptual and procedural meaning in order to account for the semantics of discourse connectives , for the role of intonation in utterance interpretation , and for focus phenomena . other papers explore the role of the relevance theoretic notion of metarepresentation in utterance interpretation and prove its usefulness in the study of both linguistic topics such as epistemic modality and conditional clauses , and in the reanalysis of literary issues such as verbal humour . some of the central pragmatic issues dealt with are the interpretation of semantically underdetermined linguistic forms , the role and nature of pragmatic inference , the distinction between truth-conditional and non-truth - conditional meaning and the separation between explicitly and implicitly communicated meaning . the theory 's application to sociolinguistic topics is assessed and developed in an inspired account of phatic communication ; and the theory 's usefulness in accounting for certain types of "" grammatical "" constraints is explored in relation to certain restrictions in the interpretation of indefinite descriptions . contributions by : richard breheny ; carmen curco ; victoria escandell - vidal ; thorstein fretheim ; corinne iten ; manuel leonetti ; eun - ju noh ; anna papafragou ; villy rouchota and andreas h . jucker ; michiko takeuchi ; vladimir zegarac . bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
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1796,"Subject: varieties of english
 
 second international conference on major varieties of english maven ii lincoln university campus , england september 9-11 , 1999 conference theme : the english language today : functions and representations plenary speakers include : nicholas coupland eric fudge salikoko mufwene the main aim of the conference is to profile the changing global presenceof english and the resulting effects on developments and changes in the language today . paper proposals are invited on all aspects of the use of major varieties of english today , in particular on the following themes : formal and functional developments and changes in english mediated uses of english international profile of english english and corporate culture english language in literature english and world communication competing target varieties fo learners text and corpus analysis etc . submission of paper proposals abstracts of paper proposals should be no more than 250 words in length , and should be double spaced . please submit three copies , one with name , affiliation and personal details ( address for correspondence , phone / fax numbers , e . mail address ) . please mention at the bottom what area or theme you believe your abstract covers ( e . g . pragmatics , media language , dialectology , political sociology etc . ) send abstracts to reach no later than dec . 15 , 1998 to : p . b . nayar faculty of arts and technology lincoln university campus brayford pool lincoln , ls6 7ts united kingdom abstracts may also be submitted as an attachment to e . mail ( one copy with all information required ) to : pnayar @ ulh . ac . uk papers should be targeted for a half-hour slot , of which at least 10 minutes will be reserved for post-presentation discussion . so the available time for actual paper presentation will be 20 minutes . notification of acceptance will be made by march 15 , 1998 lincoln university has an attractive , modern campus with excellent facilities , on a scenic location in the historic cathedral city of lincoln . lincoln is well connected by rail and road from london ( 120 miles ) manchester ( 90 miles ) and nottingham ( 40 miles ) . accommodation the registration package includes two nights in very modern , comfortable on-campus rooms with ensuite bath and self-catering facilities at very moderate prices . an additional night will cost 15 . there are also several hotels in the city within walking distance from the campus . the cost ranges from 50 to 80 per night . registration full conference package : registration + on campus accommodation for two nights + two breakfasts 150 registarion only : 120 daily registration : 45 conference dinner on 10 / 9 / 99 25 ( optional ) all rates include lunch ( es ) and refreshments on the days of attendance . there will be a late surcharge on registrations received after june 1 , 1999 all presenters will receive detailed information package . for enquries and additional information , contact : the conference secretary - maven ii faculty of arts and technology lincoln university campus brayford pool lincoln , ln6 7ts u . k . tel : + 44 1522 886251 fax : + 44 1522 886021 e . mail : pnayar @ ulh . ac . uk information and updates also available on our website at www . lincoln . ac . uk / communications
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1797,"Subject: towards culturally situated agents
 
 * * * call for papers and participation * * * issues in cross cultural communication "" towards culturally situated agents "" http : / / www . nttmsc . com . my / kido / pricai98cfp . html 24th of november 1998 , singapore introduction culture underlies every aspect of social behavior and influences communication style , personality , character , motivation , knowledge and cognition . there is an extensive body of work on cross-cultural differences in communication styles in the linguistics and cultural anthropology literature . in the intelligent user interface design community , over the years , fueled by the recognition that different types of users are motivated by different needs and goals , attention has been given to the development of adaptive user interfaces . however , this line of research and development has given little consideration to the influence that culture plays in shaping what users want out of the computational experience . in order to create interfaces that accommodate different user styles , therefore , it is important to understand these cultural influences , since , in many cases , a user will react to interfaces on the basis of cultural background . similarly , if we are to view an agent , software or robot as a social member of a "" cyber society , "" then that agent must be able to invoke cultural knowledge in order to communicate flexibly with human users and possibly other agents . if agents are reflective only of their designers ' communicative behaviors and are not able to adapt to the styles of other agents which they meet in heterogeneous , distributed environments and virtual reality worlds , then our agents may be trapped in a tower of babel . the goal of this workshop is to discuss cultural influences as they ( may ) inform interactions among human and software agents . this workshop is intended to attract participants from those communities concerned with such a perspective of communication . topics of interest the workshop aims to be interdisciplinary in nature and is therefore open to contributions from various research fields . the topics which the workshop addresses are relevant , for instance , in : anthropology , sociology , sociolinguistics , human computer interaction ( hci ) , cscw , machine learning , adaptive systems research , collaborative virtual environments , multi-media multi-user environments , ethnology , social sciences , psychology and cognitive science . the scope of this workshop includes , but need not be restricted to the following topics : * the nature of cross cultural communication , including case studies and examples * the origin and evolution of communication * linguistic and ethnographic studies of cross cultural communication * negotiation strategies among humans from different cultural backgrounds * negotiation strategies among agents informed by different cultural principles * user interfaces and new media for cross cultural communication * the impact of internet technology on cross cultural communication * culturally situated metaphors in interface , machine and agent design * ethnomethodology in interface and agent design * culturally dependent metaphors and language of describing and talking about humans , machines and agents : influences on the design process , theory / model building , and scientific experimentation * case studies of program execution problems due to agent to agent and human to agent miscommunication * standards which are open to the development of multiple ontologies of mult iagent communication in heterogeneous environments * working examples of culturally adaptive agents in multiagent or human-agent systems papers should address these topics in the context of how they relate to issues in agent design and agent behavior . participation and submission of papers the workshop will comprise a few keynote talks , a panel discussion with participants from different research areas and presentations of preliminary findings by workshop participants . participants will be selected by the organizing committee ( see below ) based on submitted papers . potential participants who wish to present their work at the workshop should submit a short paper ( up to 5 , 000 words ) or extended abstract ( 1 , 500 to 2 , 500 words ) . contributions should describe work in progress , completed work , positions , or give significant insight into the issues on cross cultural communication . other potential participants should send a statement of interest ( one page ) , briefly describing their work and their interest in the workshop . some of the participants will be asked to contribute a paper to the final working notes . all participants will be invited to bring a poster presenting their work . submissions should be sent by e-mail ( ascii , unix compatible postscript , or rtf ) to the workshop chair , takashi kido , msc-kido @ po1 . infosphere . or . jp for more information about the workshop , please contact the workshop chair , takashi kido , msc-kido @ po1 . infosphere . or . jp important dates * abstracts / papers due by : july 18 1998 * notification of acceptance : september 20 , 1998 * camera - ready version of final paper due : october 18 , 1998 * date of workshop : sunday , november 22 , 1998 organizing committee kido takashi ntt msc kuala lumpur , malaysia - - - - - - - - - patricia o'neill - brown asia pacific technology program u . s . department of commerce washington , dc , usa - - - - - - - - - - - kerstin dautenhahn department of cybernetics university of reading uk - - - - - - - - - stephen smoliar fx palo alto laboratory us - - - - - - - - - workshop chair please send abstracts / papers or any questions to kido takashi ntt msc sdn bhd ( 437563 - h ) letter box no . 37 , 18th floor , ubn tower no . 10 . jalan p . ramlee , 50250 kuala lumpa , malaysia kuala lumpur , malaysia phone : + 60 3 238 4077 fax : + 60 3 238 4037 - 202 0476 e - mail : msc-kido @ po1 . infosphere . or . jp
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1798,"Subject: psycholinguistics
 
 jean aitchison , the articulate mammal an introduction to psycholinguistics , 4th edition this highly successful text has been substantially revised to take account of the considerable changes in chomsky 's recent ideas . the chapters on grammatical innateness , child language acquisition , and speech comprehension have been largely rewritten and new material and references throughout the book make it completely up-to - date with key developments in the field . table of contents introduction 1 . the great automatic grammatizor : need anything be innate ? 2 . animals that try to talk : is language restricted to humans ? 3 . grandmama 's teeth : is there biological evidence for innate language capacity ? 4 . predestinate grooves : is there a pre-ordained language ' programme ' ? 5 . the blueprint in the brain : what grammatical information might conceivably be innate ? 6 . chattering children : are chattering children following ` rules ' when they learn to speak ? 7 . puzzling it out : exactly how do children learn language ? 8 . celestial unintelligibility : why propose a transformational grammar ? 9 . the white elephant problem : do we need a transformational grammar in order to speak ? 10 . the case of the missing fingerprint : how do we understand speech ? 11 . the cheshire cat 's grin : how do we plan and produce speech ? 12 . banker 's clerk or hippopotamus ? : the future of psycholinguistics notes and suggestions for further reading references routledge : 1998 : 320 pp cl : 0 415 16866 x : # d5684 : $ 75 . 00 pb : 0 415 16791 4 : # d5688 : $ 24 . 99 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
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1799,"Subject: translation studies
 
 mona baker , editor , routledge encyclopedia of translation studies this is the first full-length encyclopedia of its kind . covering virtually every conceivable aspect of translation , from the translators themselves , methods and terminology , and the history of translation in all the major linguistic and cultural communities , this fascinating volume features contributions by umberto eco , anthony pym , lawrence venuti , judith woodsworth , roger bell , juliane house , jean delisle , carol maier , ian mason and other experts in the field of language and linguistics . the entries are supported by powerful reference tools , including an extensive index , a comprehensive bibliography and exhaustive suggestions for further reading . routledge : 1998 : 680 pp cl : 0 415 09380 5 : # d3367 : $ 165 . 00 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
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1800,"Subject: special volume on relevance theory
 
 dear all , at the end of this month a special volume of our international journal "" revista alicantina de estudios ingleses "" ( raei ) , entirely devoted to relevance theory , will be published . here you are the contents : revista alicantina de estudios ingleses volume 11 ( 1998 ) editors : jose mateo and francisco yus contents preface dan sperber and deirdre wilson the possible place of relevance theory in a cognitive explanation of literature josi luis guijarro university of cadiz unembedded definite descriptions and relevance robert j . stainton carleton university phatic interpretations : standarisation and conventionalisation steve nicolle & billy clark middlesex university is relevance theory asocial ? mark jary university of london arousing the receiver 's involvement by flouting the communicative principles marisa dmez arroyo university of oviedo processing for relevance marjolein groefsema university of hertfordshire relevance : a thematic bibliographical list ( more than 500 references ) francisco yus university of alicante relevance and the translation of poetry marta dahlgren thorsell university of vigo relevance and modality josi luis berbeira gardsn university of cadiz communication , information , and relevance fernando garcma murga universidad autsnoma de madrid when is relevance ? on the role of salience in utterance interpretation rachel giora tel aviv university communication in relevance theory nathalie franken * universiti libre de bruxelles roots of miscommunication elena schmitt university of south carolina rhetorical questions , relevance and scales javier gutiirrez rexach the ohio state university against blurring the explicit / implicit distinction begoqa vicente cruz universidad del pams vasco uned , madrid be relevant ( relevance , translation and cross culture ) jose mateo university of alicante interpersonal communication and context accessibility in the interpretation of ironic utterances . a case study : rastell 's version of la celestina m * angeles ruiz moneva university of zaragoza those analysts willing to buy a copy of the volume should send me an e-mail , as soon as possible , providing an address where they can be contacted in july . they will be sent an order form to be returned with such details as credit card number , etc . the price of the volume will be 3000 pesetas ( roughly 26 dollars , 13 pounds ) . if you intend to attend the forthcoming workshop on relevance theory to be held in middlesex next september , you will also be able to buy the volume there , filling a form or buying a copy if available ( there will be some copies on display ) . i would be grateful if those intending to buy the volume there also sent me an e-mail letting me know , so that i can work out how many copies of the volume i should send to the workshop . i look forward to hearing from you . cordially , - dr . francisco yus university of alicante department of english studies http : / / www . ua . es / dfing apartado 99 , e-03080 alicante ( spain ) e-mail : francisco . yus @ alc . es ( home ) e-mail : francisco . yus @ ua . es ( university ) tel : ( 96 ) 5103527 ( home ) tel : ( 96 ) 5903400 - ext : 3027 ( university )
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1801,"Subject: descriptive linguistics
 
 sanford b . steever , ed , , the dravidian languages this authoritative reference provides unique descriptions of 11 dravidian languages , covering their historical development with discussions of their specialized linguistic structures and features . each chapter combines modern linguistic theory with traditional historical linguistics and a uniform chapter structure allows for easy comparison between the individual languages . two further chapters provide general information about the language family - - the introduction covers the history , cultural implications and linguistic background , and a separate article on dravidian writing systems . written by a team of experts , each language chapter offers a detailed analysis of phonology , morpology , syntax and lexicon . routledge language family descriptions routledge : 1998 : 464 pp cl : 0 415 10023 2 : # d3366 : $ 160 . 00 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
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1802,"Subject: historical linguistics
 
 lars johanson and eva agnes csato , eds . , the turkic languages turkic languages is the first reference book for almost forty years to bring together detailed discussions of the historic development and specialized linguistic structures and features of the languages in the turkic family . written by an international team of experts , turkic languages will be invaluable to students and researchers within linguistics , turcology and near eastern and oriental studies . routledge language family descriptions routledge : 1998 : 504 pp cl : 0 415 08200 5 : # d3380 : $ 160 . 00 daniel abondolo , ed , , the uralic languages this book provides a unique survey of individual uralic languages and sub-groupings from finnish to selkup and obugrian to samoyedic . giving both an overview and then detailed analyses of the uralic languages , the volume describes their history and development as well as focusing on their linguistic structure . each chapter is similarly-structured , designed for comparative study and including phonology , morphology , syntax , lexicon and sample text where available . each includes numerous tables to support and illustrate the text and bibliographies of the major references in each language to aid further study . routledge language family descriptions routledge : 1998 : 648 pp cl : 0 415 08198 x : # d3868 : $ 200 . 00 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
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1803,"Subject: reference
 
 george l . campbell , concise compendium of the world ' s languages now available in paperback , the concise compendium of the world 's languages provides clear snapshots of over one hundred languages . drawn from the more comprehensive two volume compendium of the world 's languages , the articles selected for this volume discuss most languages spoken today by populations of at least five to ten million people , as well as minor languages that figure prominently in the contemporary socio-political context . this combination allows little-known languages , such as akan , navajo , basque and zulu , to figure prominently alongside the mainstream languages such as arabic , french , chinese and russian . each entry considers the phonological , morphological and lexical features of the language it discusses . written for language buffs who want to know-in broad outline-how lots of languages work , this terrific book compiles loads of information in one affordable volume . routledge : 1998 : 680 pp pb : 0 415 16049 9 : # d4087 : $ 32 . 99 r . r . k . hartmann and gregory james , dictionary of lexicography despite the frequency with which dictionaries are unquestioningly consulted , many have little idea what actually goes into producing them or how meanings are definitively ascertained . this up-to - date reference work provides straightforward and forward-looking listings of lexicographical terms . routledge : 1998 : 192 pp cl : 0 415 14143 5 : # d5118 : $ 75 . 00 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
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1804,"Subject: program : spanish in contact
 
 7th unm conference on ibero - american culture and society : "" spanish and portuguese in contact with other languages "" and 16th conference on spanish in the united states february 12-14 , 1998 university of new mexico albuquerque , new mexico commemorating the 400th anniversary of the founding of the first spanish settlement in new mexico in 1598 information on lodging and registration is available on the web : http : / / www . unm . edu / ~ spanish preliminary program thursday , february 12 1 : 30 - 3 : 30 i - a . codeswitching robin m . fetters ( u new mexico ) , "" code switching vs . borrowing in northern new mexico / southern colorado spanish "" ana teresa perez - leroux & erin o'rourke ( pennsylvania st u ) , "" processing of intrasentential code-switching in english and spanish bilinguals : grammatical constraints versus base language effects "" inma mun ~ oa ( u illinois - urbana / champaign ) , "" codeswitching in bilingual conversation : evidence from basque - spanish bilinguals "" sara rodriguez ( suny - buffalo ) , "" social implications for code - switching in a sample of 12 puerto rican speakers living in the united states "" 1 : 30 - 3 : 30 i - b . contact situations leopoldina maria s . araujo ( belem , brazil ) , "" portugues de contato de um povo indigena da amazonia brasileira "" jurgen heye ( pontificia u catolica - rio de janeiro ) , "" immigrant language contacts with brazilian portuguese : the case of brasildeutsch "" susana v . rivera - mills ( northern arizona u ) , "" language shift in a northern california community "" virginia zavala ( georgetown u ) , "" a case of shift-induced substratum interference : the andean spanish from el valle del mantaro , peru "" 3 : 45 - 5 : 45 ii - a . texts and literacy devin jenkins ( u new mexico ) , "" using the internet to study language shift : examples from electronic texts of bilingual dominicans in the united states "" arturo fernandez - gibert ( u new mexico ) , "" la voz del pueblo : el espan ~ ol en la prensa nuevomexicana en los an ~ os previos a la estatalidad ( 1890-1912 ) "" juan a . trujillo ( oregon st u ) , "" socioeconomic identity and linguistic borrowing in pre-statehood new mexico legal texts "" sandra l . pucci ( u wisconsin - milwaukee ) , "" spanish language literacy maintenance : central americans in los angeles "" 3 : 45 - 5 : 45 ii - b . syntactic variation kareen gervasi ( u southern california ) , "" relativization in the spanish of bilingual speakers from the southwest "" e . atienza , p . battaner , a . bel , l . borras , lourdes diaz , c . hernandez , e . hurtado , c . lopez , r . martinez , & s . torner ( u pompeu fabra ) , "" lenguas peninsulares en contacto : castellano y catalan en la produccion de estudiantes universitarios bilingues "" j . clancy clements ( indiana u ) , "" l2 word order acquisition in a contact situation "" liliana paredes ( u north carolina - greensboro ) , "" the proficiency continuum in quechua - spanish bilingual speakers : an analysis of the verbal clitic system "" 7 : 00 - 9 : 00 reception at hilton hotel friday , february 13 8 : 45-10 : 15 iii - a . grammatical variation rob smead ( brigham young u ) , "" on the assignment of gender to chicano anglicisms : processes and results "" marta fairclough ( u houston ) , "" modal expressions in a contact situation : _ deber de _ vs . _ tener que _ in the spanish spoken in houston "" michelle f . ramos - pellicia ( ohio st u ) , "" gerund constructions in the spanish of puerto rico "" 8 : 45-10 : 15 iii - b . language policy and planning shaw n . gynan ( western washington u ) , "" sociolinguistic dimensions of guarani - spanish contact and paraguayan language policy in the context of inter - american human rights "" earl rees ( portland st u ) , "" the catalan linguistic normalization law : the implementation polemic "" eduardo hernandez chavez ( u new mexico ) , "" los derechos linguisticos en nuevo mexico : el llamado bilinguismo oficial estatal "" 10 : 30-12 : 00 iv - a . language contact and change marilia de nazare ferreira ( belem , brazil ) , "" algumas reflexo ~ es sobro o portugues falado pelos mebengnokren da aldeia gorotire no sul do estado do para , amazonia , brasil "" nicole maier ( u central florida ) , "" linguistic strategies in cuban and puerto rican spanish as determined by contact settings "" luis a . ortiz lopez ( u puerto rico - mayaguez ) , "" el sistema verbal del espan ~ ol haitiano en cuba : implicaciones para las lenguas en contacto en el caribe "" 10 : 30-12 : 00 iv - b . syntax-semantics martha elizabeth ruiz - garcia ( u new mexico ) , "" la funcionalidad de la doble negacion chocoana y su estado sociolinguistico actual "" maria jose gonzalez ( u illinois - urbana / champaign ) , "" preverbal double negation as a means for emphasis "" anna maria escobar ( u illinois - urbana / champaign ) , "" semantic and pragmatic uses of the spanish diminutive in spanish in contact with quechua "" 1 : 30 - 3 : 00 v - a . lexical variation in us spanish eva mendieta ( indiana u northwest ) & isabel molina ( u alcala ) , "" lexical characterization of the spanish spoken in northwest indiana "" arnulfo g . ramirez ( louisiana st u ) , "" lexical characteristics of southwest spanish and the atlas linguistico de hispanoamerica "" ana emilia leon ( u texas - permian basin ) , "" spanish diastratic and diatopic morpho-lexical variation in midland - odessa , texas "" 1 : 30 - 3 : 00 v - b . communicative strategies rainer enrique hamel ( u autonoma metropolitana ) , "" fronteras linguisticas y estrategias discursivas en la interaccion bilingue espan ~ ol-hn ~ ahn ~ u en mexico "" lenora a . timm ( u california - davis ) , "" ' a binary phenomenon ' : the pragmatics of spanish - english code-switching in chicano / a poetry "" maria dolores gonzales velasquez ( u new mexico ) , "" deshaciendo enredos : language and power imbalances in mediation "" 3 : 15 - 5 : 15 vi - a . phonological variation susana de los heros ( u rhode island ) , "" the influence of quechua in the assibilation of ( r ) in the spanish spoken in cusco "" sarah j . youngblood ( college of wooster ) , "" spirantization in the spanish of winesburg , ohio "" jerry r . craddock ( u california - berkeley ) , "" the resolution of vocalic hiatus between words in new mexican spanish "" fernanda ferreira & rena torres cacoullos ( u new mexico ) , "" la labiodental sonora en nuevo mexico : ? influencia del ingles o rasgo dialectal ? "" 3 : 15 - 5 : 15 vi - b . discourse madeline maxwell ( u texas - austin ) , "" when the interpreter is also a conversational partner "" carmen silva - corvalan ( u southern california ) , "" coping with two languages from birth "" lourdes torres ( u kentucky ) , "" bilingual discourse marking in new york puerto rican speech "" diane ringer uber ( college of wooster ) , "" ' dealing ' with bilingualism : business language in puerto rico "" 5 : 30 - 6 : 30 plenary speaker carol a . klee ( u minnesota ) , "" historical perspectives on spanish - quechua language contact in peru "" saturday , february 14 8 : 45-10 : 45 vii - a . panel : "" subject pronouns in five dialects of spanish in new york city : preliminary analyses of social , linguistic , semantic , and discourse variables "" co - chairs and discussants : ana celia zentella ( hunter college ) & ricardo otheguy ( city u new york ) nydia flores & jeannette toro ( city u new york ) , "" the persistence of dialect features under conditions of leveling and contact "" atsuko miyajima ( city u new york ) , "" el espan ~ ol en nueva york : aparicion del pronombre personal ( sujeto ) analizado desde el punto de vista del sentido del verbo "" silvia rivero ( city u new york ) , "" the alternation of verbal [ s ] / [ h ] / 0 and the use of pronouns by spanish speakers in new york city "" jocelyn solis ( city u new york ) , "" power relations as predictive factors for pronoun expression in the discourse of new york spanish speakers "" 8 : 45-10 : 45 vii - b . lexicons in contact veronica grondona ( u pittsburgh ) , "" language contact and the influence of spanish on mocovi "" asun martinez - arbelaiz ( michigan st u ) , "" basque lexical items in journalist spanish : on their motivation and significance "" holly wilson ( u new mexico ) , "" the effects of spanish on the lexicon and syntax of english - spanish bilinguals "" 11 : 00-12 : 00 plenary speaker ana roca ( florida international u ) , "" planning for the future of spanish in the united states "" 1 : 30 - 3 : 00 viii - a . theory and method maryellen garcia ( u texas - san antonio ) , "" _ yo todo el tiempo fue a la escuela _ : language fluency and fuzzy semantics "" ricardo otheguy ( city u new york ) , "" an appraisal of the theoretical underpinnings of recent major works on spanish in the u . s . "" xoan paulo rodriguez - yan ~ ez ( u vigo ) , "" el contraste entre los estudios macro y los estudios microsociolinguisticos en el caso del contacto gallego-espan ~ ol : algunas ensen ~ anzas teoricas y metodologicas "" 1 : 30 - 3 : 00 viii - b . applied issues in new mexico mary fanelli ayala ( eastern new mexico u ) , "" clash or fusion ? the challenges of teaching spanish to the ' native speaker ' in new mexico "" ysaura bernal - enriquez ( u new mexico ) , "" spanish language loss in _ la nueva mexico _ "" daniel villa ( new mexico st u ) , "" the instrumentality of spanish in a u . s . - mexico border region "" 3 : 15 - 5 : 15 ix - a . attitudes and use gabriela alfaraz ( michigan st u ) , "" dialect contact in miami , florida : the attitudes of cubans toward other spanish varieties "" parastoo anita mesri ( u california - los angeles ) , "" the role of spanish in mexicana / o , chicana / o , latina / o communities in the u . s . : a unifying bond , a tie to the homeland , a way to resist assimilation "" caryn c . connelly ( u minnesota ) , "" patterns of language choice and language preference among mexican teens : preliminary findings for phoenix , arizona "" patricia macgregor - mendoza ( new mexico st u ) , "" spanish use and attitudes among youths in two mexican communities "" 3 : 15 - 5 : 15 ix - b . pronominal variation jennifer austin ( cornell u ) , "" _ leismo _ in the basque of basque - spanish bilinguals "" jinny k . choi ( georgetown u ) , "" a syntactic feature in paraguayan spanish : [ - person ] object clitic drop "" liliana sanchez ( carnegie mellon u ) , "" unmarkedness : the source of null definite objects in contact spanish "" teresa satterfield ( u michigan ) , "" patterns of pronominal variability in bilingual speech "" 7 : 00 conference dinner 9 : 00 gran baile de despedida
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1805,"Subject: new books : multimedia language courses
 
 these exciting , easy-to - use multimedia language courses ( chinese , french , portuguese and spanish ) offer 20 interactive lessons covering a range of everyday travel , business , and leisure situations . developed from the highly successful print and audio series , these courses feature sound , academically-proven principles for acquiring the skills to speak the language with comfort and ease . features : - - wide range of exercise types for interactive learning , lots of material per unit : word order , matching , multiple choice , drag and fill , listening comprehension , record and play back ( so you can perfect your accent ) , roleplay , translation , and writing - - flexible : go at your own pace , clicking on words or phrases to listen to them again , using the sound controls , taking time to record and listen to yourself . reset the screen ( write , fill in blank and matching screens ) to clear your answers and start again - - variety of ways to listen to audio material : use sound controls to play entire recording , stopping or pausing wherever you choose , or simply click on all words and phrases in blue - - easy navigation : with buttons , menus and onscreen instructions . also a history feature ( back button ) to return to previous screen accessed - - each lesson is a self contained unit , with easy-to - follow color-coded exercise types ( pronunciation , exercises and situations ) . if the user prefers , s / he can use the list screens feature on the resources menu which lists all screen types and enables user to practise a particular exercise type - - extensive support material : user guide with annotated screen graphics , online help , tutorial ( from help menu ) , introduction to and instructions for every screen , language point ( grammar ) index for each lesson , comprehensive vocabulary list with translation ( can hide translation to test your knowledge ) , keyword search facility , irregular verb list ( all from resources menu ) - - fully searchable grammatical support ( language points ) accessible at any time : from all exercise screens , toolbar or menu - - character , radical , tones and strokes ( chinese only ) - - talking dictionary ( chinese only ) - - dialogues with translation ( chinese has characters , pinyin and english ) * * * note : for pc platforms kan qian , colloquial chinese cd-rom a multimedia language course routledge : 1998 cr : 0 415 14291 1 : # d2498 : $ 75 . 00 alan moys , colloquial french cd-rom a multimedia language course routledge : 1998 cr : 0 415 14290 3 : # d2501 : $ 75 . 00 barbara mcintyre and joao sampaio , colloquial portuguese cd-rom a multimedia language course routledge : 1998 cr : 0 415 14289 x : # d2499 : $ 75 . 00 untza oatala alday , colloquial spanish cd-rom a multimedia language course routledge : 1998 cr : 0 415 14195 8 : # d2502 : $ 75 . 00
",0
1806,"Subject: computational semantics
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - third international workshop on computational semantics ( iwcs - 3 ) january 13-15 , 1999 , tilburg , the netherlands - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( second ) call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - the linguistics department at tilburg university will host the third international workshop on computational semantics , that will take place in tilburg , the netherlands , 13 - 15 january 1999 . the aim of the workshop is to bring together researchers involved in the study of computational aspects of the semantics of natural language . topics of interest the workshop will focus on computational aspects of formal semantic theories and on the theoretical issues involved in the development of natural language processing systems . papers are invited in areas which include , but are not limited to , the following topics : * working with underspecified semantic representations * use of context in interpretation * the semantics-pragmatics interface * dynamic interpretation in text and dialogue * information packaging * computational lexical semantics * interpretation and inference * interpretation in multi-modal interaction * context modelling * speech acts and interpretation * incremental interpretation * connections with theorem proving and knowledge representation submission requirements authors are asked to submit an original paper of maximally 5000 words by september 15 , 1998 . papers should be prepared with latex and should be submitted by email . all submitted papers will be refereed by the programme committee . accepted papers will be published in the proceedings ; we also aim at publishing a selection of accepted papers in book form . guidelines for latex preparation of your manuscript are available at the iwcs - 3 web pages : http : / / cwis . kub . nl / ~ fdl / research / ti / docs / iwcs / iwcs . htm for initial submission email a postscript version of the paper to : computational . semantics @ kub . nl programme committee patrick blackburn martha palmer mario borillo manfred pinkal harry bunt ( chair ) steve pulman robin cooper james pustejovsky jan van eijck allan ramsay john etchemendy patrick saint dizier giacomo ferrari lenhart schubert erhard hinrichs rohini srihari megumi kameyama mark steedman daniel kayser enric vallduvi paul mc kevitt wlodek zadrozny reinhard muskens henk zeevat john nerbonne organising committee harry bunt reinhard muskens elias thijsse important dates 15 september 1998 submission of preliminary papers 15 october 1998 notification of acceptance 15 november 1998 final papers due 13-15 january 1999 workshop further information conference secretariat : anne adriaensen department of linguistics tilburg university po box 90153 , 5000 le tilburg the netherlands email : computational . semantics @ kub . nl phone : + 31-13 466 30 60 fax : + 31-13 466 31 10 www : http : / / cwis . kub . nl / ~ fdl / research / ti / docs / iwcs / iwcs . htm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - harry c . bunt professor of linguistics and computer science dean , faculty of arts tilburg university p . o . box 90153 5000 le tilburg , the netherlands phone : + 31 - 13 466 . 3060 ( secretary anne andriaensen ) 2568 ( dean 's office ) 2653 ( office , room b 310 ) fax : + 31 - 13 466 . 3110 harry . bunt @ kub . nl www : http : / / cwis . kub . nl / ~ fdl / general / people / bunt / index . stm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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1807,"Subject: syllable structure and gesture timing
 
 call for papers : syllable stucture and gesture timing as part of the conference lp ' 98 to be held at ohio state university sept . 15-20 , there will be a workshop funded by the national science foundation sept . 19-20 , on ' syllable structure and gesture timing ' , covering issues related to phonetic and phonological accounts of segmentation , and timing and ordering of gestures in speech , especially how sequences of consonants e . g . [ spr ] , [ ntw ] are formally represented . speech is traditionally represented as a string of segments , defined in terms of features which are implemented simultaneously . in that conception , the phoneme is the minimal phonological unit where time and ordering are defined . as has long been known , the transition from phoneme to phoneme is phonetically realized as a continuous change . there has been a steady progression in phonological theory from linear generative theory to nonlinear representations where the mapping between segments and features is quite relaxed , and highly articulated suprasegmental structures are assumed . a consequence of nonlinear models , which allow single 's egments ' to bear multiple values of a feature and allow one feature to be associated with many 's egments ' , is that one can meaningfully question the existence of the 's egment ' as a formal object . the theory of feature geometry does not explicitly represent the notion 's egment ' , and it has been argued that the traditional segment does not correspond to any specific level of representation in current models . nonlinear models have increasingly tended towards positing complex but internally timeless single 's egments ' in place of clusters of segments : thus , what was formerly represented as a triconsonantal sequence [ ntw ] might also be represented as a single segment , a ' voiceless prenasalised rounded alveolar ' . some languages , such as bella coola and georgian , seem to allow unbounded arbitrary sequences of consonants , which suggests that phonological theory may ultimately need to allow infinitely long syllables and unstructured onsets and codas . one of the central questions to be taken up in the workshop is "" are there any universal limits on possible strings of segments in various positions within the syllable "" ? this statement of the question begs two quite important questions : do segments per se exist ( and how can one identify whether a given temporal stretch of the phonetic output corresponds to one or more segments ) , and do syllables themselves exist ? both of these assumptions remain controversial , especially in nonlinear phonology . invited speakers for this workshop include donca steriade , john ohala , john harris and louis goldstein . further details on the issues being investigated in this workshop can be found at http : / / ling . ohio-state . edu / events / phon _ workshop . html . one - page abstracts for 30 minute papers to be presented at this workshop are solicited ( due date for receipt of abstracts : august 10 ) . lodging and up to $ 400 to cover economy travel expenses will be provided to authors presenting papers at the workshop . abstracts may be sent by email to odden @ ling . ohio-state . edu , or by surface mail to : syllable workshop department of linguistics ohio state university columbus , oh 43210 please include a surface mail address , email address , and phone number .
",0
1808,"Subject: stylistics
 
 joanna thornborrow and shan wareing , patterns in language an introduction to language and literary style patterns in language addresses the real needs of students who may not have an extensive background either in traditional literature or in linguistic theory . this student-friendly textbook uses the principles of linguistic analysis to investigate the aesthetic use of language in literary ( and non-literary ) texts . written in straightforward , accessible language with imaginative examples and a humorous tone , it shows how linguistic knowledge can enhance and enrich the analysis of texts . the authors borrow from traditional stylistics , but focus primarily on the recurring linguistic patterns which are used by writers of poetry , fiction and drama . the authors draw on a wide variety of textual sources to illustrate their observations , making reference to both canonical literature and modern literary texts , as well as to popular fiction , television and the language of advertising . exercises designed to develop the students ' understanding of the material are provided at every stage , and sample answers are also included . interface routledge : 1998 : 280 pp cl : 0 415 14063 3 : # d5081 : $ 65 . 00 pb : 0 415 14064 1 : # d5085 : $ 20 . 99 jonathan culpepper , peter verdonk , and mick short , eds . , exploring the language of drama from text to context focusing on the characterization of speech as a form of action , exploring the language of drama introduces students to the stylistic analysis of drama . here , some of the world 's leading scholars demonstrate the importance of analyzing the text of drama rather than focusing on performance , presenting their approaches in an engaging and accessible style . the essays employ techniques from language analysis ( specifically discourse analysis , cognitive linguistics and pragmatic ) to explore the language of plays , looking at how different theories and approaches can be used to help us understand characterization in dialogue , the cognitive patterns that support the narrative and discourse of drama , and the basic mechanisms of conversation in dramatic dialogue . each chapter ends in a summary with follow-up exercises , and offers practical advice on how to analyze a play extract and write it up as an assignment . interface routledge : 1998 : 192 pp cl : 0 415 13794 2 : # d5353 : $ 65 . 00 pb : 0 415 13795 0 : # d5357 : $ 20 . 99
",0
1809,"Subject: european conference artificial intelligence 98
 
 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | | / \ / \ | | | - - - | | _ _ _ | / _ _ \ | _ _ _ | _ _ , - | - - - | | | / \ | | / | | | | _ _ _ _ _ _ | \ _ _ _ _ _ / / _ _ _ _ _ _ \ | _ _ _ | ` - / \ ' / / \ august 23-28 1998 brighton uk ( ` - ' ecai-98 : the 13th european conference on artificial intelligence second call for participation http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 register before 1 august to receive a discount of up to 50 pounds on the full registration fee . ecai-98 takes place in brighton on 23-28 august 1998 . the main technical programme for the conference comprises 158 top-quality research papers in 48 sessions covering the following topics : analogy , automated reasoning , belief revision , case - based reasoning , cognitive modelling , computational linguistics , constraint reasoning , diagnosis and intelligent tutoring , genetic algorithms , heuristic search , inductive logic programming , knowledge representation , knowledge - based systems , learning rules and decision trees , logic programming , logic - based planning , logics for kr , logics for actions , modelling actions , multiagent systems , nonmononotic reasoning , numerical methods in machine learning , numerical methods and neural nets , ontologies , planning and scheduling , possibilistic modelling , probabilistic modelling , robotics , temporal and spatial reasoning , user interfaces the programme also includes 6 eminent invited speakers : ramon lopez de mantaras , jean - francois puget , david schmeidler , stephen muggleton , jan - olof eklundh and glenn shafer . in addition to the main conference , 12 pre-conference tutorials and 23 pre-conference workshops offer in depth tuition and discussion of specific hot topics in the field . the conference takes place in the brighton centre , an international conference centre right on the seafront in brighton , and features a full range of social event as well as an exhibition of ai products and publications . full details of the main conference programme , workshops , tutorials and other events , plus registration and accommodation information , and a web-based registration form are available on the website . if you would like to receive an email summary of the programme and registration form please respond to this email . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ecai-98 secretariat tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 678448 centre for advanced software applications fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 671320 university of sussex email : ecai98 @ cogs . susx . ac . uk brighton , bn1 9qh , uk url : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 ecai-98 is organised by the european coordinating committee for artificial intelligence ( eccai ) and hosted by the universities of brighton and sussex on behalf of aisb . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
1810,"Subject: major varieties of english
 
 second international conference on major varieties of english maven ii lincoln university campus , england september 9-11 , 1999 conference theme : the english language today : functions and representations plenary speakers include : nicholas coupland ( university of wales , cardiff ) eric fudge ( university of reading ) salikoko mufwene ( university of chicago ) paper proposals are invited on all aspects of the use of major varieties of english today , in particular on the following themes : formal and functional developments and changes in english mediated uses of english international profile of english english and corporate culture english language in literature english and world communication competing target varieties fo learners text and corpus analysis etc . submission of paper proposals abstracts of paper proposals should be no more than 250 words in length , and should be double spaced . please submit three copies , one with name , affiliation and personal details ( address for correspondence , phone / fax numbers , e . mail address ) . please mention at the bottom what area or theme you believe your abstract covers ( e . g . pragmatics , media language , dialectology , political sociology etc . ) send abstracts to reach no later than dec . 15 , 1998 to : p . b . nayar faculty of arts and technology lincoln university campus brayford pool lincoln , ls6 7ts united kingdom abstracts may also be submitted as an attachment to e . mail ( one copy with all information required ) to : pnayar @ ulh . ac . uk registration full conference package : registration + on campus accommodation for two nights + two breakfasts 150 registarion only : 120 daily registration : 45 conference dinner on 10 / 9 / 99 25 ( optional ) all rates include lunch ( es ) and refreshments on the days of attendance . there will be a late surcharge on registrations received after june 1 , 1999 all presenters will receive detailed information package . for enquries and additional information , contact : the conference secretary - maven ii faculty of arts and technology lincoln university campus brayford pool lincoln , ln6 7ts u . k . tel : + 44 1522 886251 fax : + 44 1522 886021 e . mail : pnayar @ ulh . ac . uk information and updates also available on our website at www . lincoln . ac . uk / communications
",0
1811,"Subject: sociolinguistics
 
 deborah cameron , ed , , the feminist critique of language a reader since its first publication in 1990 , the feminist critique of language has been the established guide to the major debates and directions in current feminist thinking about language . this edition has been thoroughly updated and expanded to take account of new developments in feminist thought about language , including new material on sexist language and political correctness . new extracts have been included from : felly nkweto simmonds , trinh t . minh - ha , luce irigaray , sara mills , margaret doyle , debbie cameron , susan ehrlich and ruth king , kate clark , sally mcconnell - ginet , deborah tannen , aki uchida , jennifer coates and kira hall . each section has been subdivided to clarify the key areas of debate and new editorial material and suggested reading sections have been added . routledge : 1998 : 392 pp cl : 0 415 16399 4 : # d4787 : $ 75 . 00 pb : 0 415 16400 1 : # d4791 : $ 22 . 99 harold f . schiffman , linguistic culture and language policy now available in paperback , linguistic culture and language policy examines how language policy in three very different nations evolved and how it is not merely the specific embodiment of rule , but rather primarily a social construct that rests on other conceptual elements such as belief systems , attitudes and myths . by scrutinizing the multilingual democracies of india , france and the us , schiffman examines how language policies are formed within a broader framework and are heavily influenced by the covert and implicit grass-roots of its linguistic culture . by seeing language policy as culture-specific , we understand why language policies evolve , why they work - - or not - - and how people 's lives are affected by them . politics of language routledge : 1998 : 368 pp pb : 0 415 18406 1 : # d5174 : $ 29 . 99 peter auer , ed , , code-switching in conversation language , interaction and identity collecting contributions from a wide variety of international sociolinguistic settings in which this phenomenon of code-switching is observed , this volume addresses the structure , function and ideological value of such bilingual behavior . the contributors question many views of code-switching on the basis of many european and non - european contexts . by bringing together linguistic , anthropological and socio-psychological research , they move towards a more realistic conception of bilingual conversation . routledge : 1998 : 368 pp cl : 0 415 15831 1 : # d3859 : $ 90 . 00 david barton and mary hamilton , local literacies reading and writing in one community local literacies is a unique study of everyday reading and writing . by concentrating on a selection of people in a particular community in britain , the authors analyze how they use literacy in their day to day lives . this exploration provides a description of literacy at one point in time , and also reveals the nature and significance of communication to people , households and communities . routledge : 1998 : 320 pp cl : 0 415 17149 0 : # d5178 : $ 90 . 00 pb : 0 415 17150 4 : # d5182 : $ 27 . 99 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
",0
1812,"Subject: available for review : semantics , lexical database , case grammar
 
 the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org note : please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not provide a link or url to an online cv or homepage - - these will be ignored . please also provide a surface address for us to send the book to . semantics / philosophy of language : ostertag , gary . ( ed . ) ( 1998 ) definite descriptions : a reader . mit press . cambridge ma . lexical database fellbaum , christiane ( ed ) ( 1998 ) . wordnet : an electronic lexical database . mit press , cambridge ma case grammar cook , walter s . j . ( 1998 ) case grammar applied . sil , arlington texas .
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1813,"Subject: esslli workshop : lexical semantics in context
 
 esslli-98 workshop on lexical semantics in context : corpus , inference and discourse august 17 - 21 , 1998 a workshop held as part of the 10th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli-98 ) august 17 - 28 , 1998 , saarbruecken , germany * * call for participation and program * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - program : august 17 : introduction johan bos ( universitaet des saarlandes ) and paul buitelaar ( dfki ) - introduction invited speaker : daniel kayser ( universite paris nord ) - lexical adaptation august 18 : acquisition dimitrios kokkinakis ( goeteborg university ) - extracting lexical semantic knowledge from sub - domains andrea setzer ( sheffield university ) - extracting temporal information from newspaper articles invited speaker : ann copestake ( stanford university ) - comments on kokkinakis and setzer august 19 : representation noriko tomuro ( depaul university ) - semi - automatic induction of underspecified semantic classes chungmin lee , seungho nam ( seoul national university ) and beom - mo kang ( korea university ) - lexical semantic structure for predicates in korean paul buitelaar ( dfki ) - comments on tomuro and lee / nam / kang august 20 : analysis kyoko kanzaki ( waseda university ) and hitoshi isahara ( kansai advanced research center ) - the semantic connection between adnominal and adverbial usage of japanese adnominal constituents mariana damova and sabine bergler ( concordia university ) - inferencing between aspectual verbs and event descriptions anne - marie mineur ( utrecht university ) - building bridges august 21 : systems mihai - valentin tablan , catalina barbu , hortensia popescu , roxana - oana hamza , claudia ciobanu , ionut - ciprian nita , cosmin - danut bocaniala , maria georgescul , dan cristea ( a . i . cuza university ) - co - operation and detachment in discourse understanding invited speaker : bob krovetz ( nec reserach institute ) - multiple senses per discourse
",0
1814,"Subject: journal of language and linguistics vol 16 . 2 ( january - june 1998 )
 
 journal of language and linguistics vol16 . 2 january - june 1998 ( abstracts ( english ) can be viewed at : http : / / www . tu . ac . th / org / arts / ling / abstract . htm contents : prapasara kometmuneebororak "" thai transliteration of russian proper names "" ( in thai ) nantana pracharitpakdi et al . "" spontaneous speech evaluation of aachen aphasia test ( aat ) "" ( in thai ) varisa osatananda "" peculiar spelling of "" may ek "" and "" may tho "" in some lao words "" ( in thai ) utumporn meecharoen et al . "" public understanding and preferences of newspaper headlines "" ( in thai ) tanawan amy meepoe "" the interaction between lexical aspect and progressive - imperfective in thai : a discourse analysis of kamlan and yuu "" john hartmann "" a linguistic geography and history of thai meueng - fai ( ditch - dike ) techno - culture "" journal of language and linguistics , the journal of the department of linguistics faculty of liberal arts , thammasat university , has been published since 1982 . there are two issues a year : july - december and january - june . the journal provides a forum for publication of original articles in any area of language and linguistics , particularly relating to thai language or other languages in southeast asia . for more info , please visit our website at : http : / / www . tu . ac . th / org / arts / ling / journal . htm contact address : department of linguistics faculty of liberal arts thammasat university bangkok 10200 , thailand . tel : ( 662 ) 221-6111 ( - 20 ) ext : 2656 fax : ( 662 ) 224-1389 or : e - mail : yui @ ipied . tu . ac . th
",0
1815,"Subject: linguistic theory
 
 dominique sportiche , partitions and atoms of clause structure subjects , agreement , case and clitics this collection builds on the theory of principles and parameters and its economy - - minimalist descendants . the essays progressively develop a view of syntactic structures in which syntactic properties are increasingly analyzed as atomized in progressively smaller elementary components and partitioned in the way these elementary components are represented . dominique sportiche argues that as a consequence of this view , languages do not differ at all in their syntactic organization . routledge leading linguists routledge : 1998 : 448 pp cl : 0 415 16926 7 : # d4946 : $ 110 . 00 laura a . michaelis , aspectual grammar and past time reference this work examines the linguistic constructions which speakers use to talk about events that occurred in the past and states which held in the past . laura michaelis argues that the fundamental conceptual division between events and states forms the basis of systems of verbal aspect in all languages , and that one cannot talk about the meaning of a past-tense assertion without making reference to the event-state distinction . focusing on english data , the author examines the semantic and functional overlap between assertions about the past and assertions involving events : when one asserts that an event of a given kind exists , one is making an assertion about the past . this semantic overlap can be evoked as a way of characterizing the close relationship between the past-tense construction and the past-perfect construction : while a past tense assertion like she left is used to describe the past , a present-perfect assertion like she has left is used to assert the existence of an event by invoking its aftermath ( her absence ) . dr . michaelis argues that the two constructions are semantically equivalent , but distinguished by their function in narrative . this study presents a semantic framework for analyzing all aspectual constructions in terms of the event-state distinction , and describes the grammatical expression of aspectual meaning in terms of a theory of grammatical constructions . in this theory , grammatical constructions , like words , are conventionalized form-meaning pairs , which are best described not only with respect to their intrinsic semantic values , but also with respect to the functional opposition in which they participate . michaelis argues that many of the otherwise puzzling grammatical constraints which characterize the english present-perfect construction can be motivated in terms of the functional opposition between present perfect and past tense . routledge studies in germanic linguistics 4 routledge : 1998 : 320 pp cl : 0 415 15678 5 : # d4385 : $ 90 . 00 asa kasher , ed , pragmatics 6 volume set the purpose of this collection is to portray the development of pragmatics as a science of language , in a such a way as to enable readers to critically assess this theorectical development . issues explored include * presupposition * implicature * discourse * grammar * communication * indexicals * psychology * sociology . this work provides highly useful references and suggestions for further reading , and has an exceptionally detailed subject and name index to enable easy and immediate access for the reader . critical concepts routledge : 1998 : 2653 pp cl : 0 415 11734 8 : # d2960 : $ 905 . 00 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
",0
1816,"Subject: pidgins and creoles
 
 new releases 1998 mhlhusler , peter , ed . papers in pidgin and creole linguistics no . 5 1998 , isbn 0 85883 474 x , v + 213pp . softcover . ( in press ) a $ 41 . 40 pacific linguistics catalogue number , a-91 . key words : pidgins and creoles ; lexicology ; pitcairn ; bislama ; western australia . this volume brings together lexicographic and sociolinguistic descriptions of some of the less well-documented pidgins , creoles and contact languages of the pacific region , adding many important details to current knowledge . tent , jan and france mugler , sicol , proceedings of the second international conference on oceanic linguistics : vol . 1 , language contact 1998 , isbn 0 85883 448 x , ix + 146pp . softcover . a $ 36 . 25 pacific linguistics catalogue number , c-141 . key words : language contact ; creoles ; pidgins . this volume contains most of the papers presented at the second international conference on oceanic linguistics session on language contact . the papers range far afield , but the bulk are about the pacific and in particular melanesia , the part of the region with the greatest linguistic diversity and a rich history of language contact . the topics relate to : fiji hindi ( david arms ) , the tayo language of new caledonia ( chris core ) , belizean creole ( genevieve escure ) , singapore colloquial english ( anthea fraser gupta ) , french antillean creoles ( william jennings ) , melanesian pidgins and creole ( ernest w . lee ) , bislama ( miriam meyerhoff ) , south indian languages in fiji ( france mugler ) , language use and attitudes in fiji ( france mugler and jan tent ) , and the language of adolescent first language tok pisin speakers ( geoff p . smith ) . re-printed in 1998 shnukal , anna broken : an introduction to the creole language of torres strait 1988 , 1998 ( reprint ) , isbn 0 85883 381 6 , iii + 328pp . ( 3 maps , 8 photos ) . softcover . a $ 36 . 20 pacific linguistics catalogue number , c-107 . key words : broken , creole , torres strait . pacific linguistics publications can be obtained in any one of six easy and convenient ways : e-mail e - mail : mira . kwasik @ coombs . anu . edu . au over-the - counter mail the australian national university pacific linguistics department of linguistics rspas 3rd floor , room 1208 the australian national university coombs bld . , fellows road canberra act 0200 acton , canberra australia phone order fax + 61 ( 0 ) 2 6249 2742 or fax + 61 ( 0 ) 2 6249 4896 voice mail - message thank you , mira kwasik mira kwasik manager , publications centre research school of pacific and asian studies the australian national university canberra 0200 australia ph : + 61 ( 0 ) 2 6249 2742 or 3269 fax : + 61 ( 0 ) 2 6249 4896 e - mail : mira . kwasik @ coombs . anu . edu . au the research school of pacific and asian studies , anu - online catalogue http : / / coombs . anu . edu . au / publications / coombsguide . html
",0
1817,"Subject: new publications : australian languages
 
 new releases nordlinger , rachel , a grammar of wambaya , northern territory ( australia ) 1998 , isbn 0 85883 481 2 , xvi + 320pp . softcover . a $ 48 . 90 pacific linguistics catalogue number , c-140 . key words : australian aboriginal languages ; grammar . this work describes the phonology , morphology and syntax of wambaya , a non - pama - nyungan language of the barkly tablelands region of the northern territory . particular attention is paid to the complex morphology , including the gender and case suffixes on nominals , the interaction between the tense marking on both verb and auxiliary , and the use of case in subordinate clauses . a collection of texts and wordlists is also included . thomas , david , ed . papers in southeast asian linguistics no . 15 : chamic studies 1998 , isbn 0 85883 465 0 , iii + 90pp . softcover . ( in press ) a $ 31 . 80 pacific linguistics catalogue number , a-89 . key words : cham ; roglai ; utsat ; austronesian ; khmer . this volume presents papers on chamic languages by neil baumagartner ( western cham grammar ) , robert headley ( cham evidence from khmer sound changes ) , ernest lee ( cat gia roglai ) , keng - fong pang ( the ethnonym utsat ) , and graham thurgood ( austronesian and mon - khmer elements in chamic vowels ) . tryon , darrell , ed . , papers in austronesian linguistics no . 5 1998 , isbn 0 85883 475 8 , vii + 275pp . softcover . a $ 46 . 20 pacific linguistics catalogue number , a-92 . key words : lou ; nati ; malakula ; vanuatu ; muyuw ; awad bing ; grammar . papers by robert blust a lou vocabulary , with phonological notes , . ; baumgartner , neil , terry crowley a salvage sketch of nati ( southwest malakula , vanuatu ) , david lithgow muyuw : its relationship with its neighbours and the bilingualism of its speakers , d . j . bennett awad bing grammar essentials . sharpe , margaret , dictionary of yugambeh ( including neighbouring dialects ) 1998 , isbn 0 85883 480 4 , xix + 223pp . softcover . a $ 42 . 20 pacific linguistics catalogue number , c-139 . key words : aboriginal languages ; yugambeh ; dictionary ; grammar . this book brings together all published or recorded information known to the compiler on the language of the gold coast , queensland and its hinterlands , and neighbouring dialects extending to minyangbal ( minjungbal ) in the brushwick river area , new south wales , and the dialects spoken around warwick , queensland . dialects of the same language were spoken in new south wales , e . g . gidhabal and bundjalung . while yugambeh appears to have gone out of widespread use possibly sixty years ago , there are many valuable word lists and grammars dating back to the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century . all entries in the dictionary are in modern phonemic transcription ( with pronunciation guides ) , with all sources and source spellings included under each entry . the dictionary includes grammatical notes and an english finder list . tryon , darrell bislama : an introduction to the national language of vanuatu 1987 , 1988 , 1991 , 1995 , 1998 ( reprints ) , isbn 0 85883 361 1 , xiv + 261pp . the book a $ 35 . 30 set of 8 cassettes ( optional ) a $ 70 . 00 pacific linguistics catalogue number , d-72 . key words : bislama , vanuatu . pacific linguistics publications can be obtained in any one of six easy and convenient ways : e-mail e - mail : mira . kwasik @ coombs . anu . edu . au over-the - counter mail the australian national university pacific linguistics department of linguistics rspas 3rd floor , room 1208 the australian national university coombs bld . , fellows road canberra act 0200 acton , canberra australia phone order fax + 61 ( 0 ) 2 6249 2742 or fax + 61 ( 0 ) 2 6249 4896 voice mail - message thank you , mira kwasik mira kwasik manager , publications centre research school of pacific and asian studies the australian national university canberra 0200 australia ph : + 61 ( 0 ) 2 6249 2742 or 3269 fax : + 61 ( 0 ) 2 6249 4896 e - mail : mira . kwasik @ coombs . anu . edu . au the research school of pacific and asian studies , anu - online catalogue http : / / coombs . anu . edu . au / publications / coombsguide . html
",0
1818,"Subject: conference on italian / german legal language
 
 convegno / tagung linguistica giuridica italiana e tedesca : obiettivi , approcci , risultati rechtslinguistik des deutschen und italienischen : ziele , methoden , ergebnisse bolzano , 1 - 3 ottobre 1998 / bozen , 1 . - 3 . oktober 1998 centro pastorale , piazza duomo , 1 / pastoralzentrum , domplatz 1 organizzazione / veranstalter : europea di bolzano / europaeische akademie bozen area scientifica lingua e diritto / bereich sprache und recht con la collaborazione di / in zusammenarbeit mit : provincia autonoma di bolzano - alto adige / autonome provinz bozen - suedtirol comune di bolzano / gemeinde bozen comitato scientifico / wissenschaftliches komitee : bernhard eccher ( universitaet innsbruck ) giovanni b . flores d ' arcais ( mpi fuer psycholinguistik nijmegen , universita ' di padova ) alberto m . mioni ( universita ' di padova ) oskar putzer ( europaeische akademie bozen , universitaet innsbruck ) l ' area scientifica lingua e diritto dell ' accademia europea di bolzano , che da alcuni anni si occupa di linguaggio giuridico italiano e tedesco in ottica terminologica , contrastiva e didattica , organizza a bolzano nei giorni 1 , 2 e 3 ottobre 1998 un convegno di linguistica giuridica , rivolto a quanti - linguisti , giuristi , terminologi , traduttori , docenti di lingue - si occupano di linguaggio e di testi giuridici sia a livello teorico che pratico . il tempo previsto per le relazioni e ' di 30 minuti , a cui seguiranno 10 minuti di discussione . der bereich sprache und recht der europaeischen akademie bozen , der sich seit einigen jahren mit der analyse der deutschen und italienischen rechtssprache unter terminologischen , kontrastiven und fachsprachendidaktischen gesichtspunkten befat , veranstaltet vom 1 . - 3 . oktober 1998 eine tagung zur deutschen und italienischen rechtslinguistik . die tagung wendet sich an all jene - linguisten , fachsprachendozenten , uebersetzungswissenschaftler , terminologen , juristen - die sich aus verschiedenen blickwinckeln , theoretisch oder anwendungsorientiert , mit rechtssprache und rechtstexten beschftigen . fuer jeden vortrag sind 30 minuten und fuer die anschliessende diskussion 10 minuten vorgesehen . programma provvisorio / vorlaeufiges programm ( aggiornato al / letzte aenderung : 15 / 07 / 98 ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = giovedi ' 1 ottobre / donnerstag , 1 . oktober = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = mattina / vormittag 8 . 30 iscrizione / anmeldung 9 . 00 oskar putzer ( bolzano / innsbruck ) , apertura dei lavori / begruessung 9 . 20 reiner arntz ( hildesheim ) , sprache und recht : eine chance fuer interdisziplinaritaet sezione / sektion i - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 . 00 giovanni rovere ( heidelberg ) , aspetti grammaticali in testi giuridici 10 . 40 eva wiesmann ( forli ' ) , italienische und deutsche fachsprachliche umschreibung des passivs 11 . 20-11 . 40 pausa / pause 11 . 40 piero fiorelli ( firenze ) , leggi bilingui nella toscana della reggenza 12 . 20 federigo bambi ( firenze ) , andrea lancia volgarizzatore di statuti sezione / sektion ii - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 . 00 amedeo g . conte ( pavia ) , pragmatica del linguaggio deontico 10 . 40 andrea belvedere ( pavia ) , semantica e pragmatica nell ' art . 12 preleggi 11 . 20-11 . 40 pausa / pause 11 . 40 paolo di lucia ( milano / camerino ) , la funzione thetica di "" sollen "" 12 . 20 francesco palermo ( bolzano ) , insieme per forza ? lingua e diritto : un ' aporia epistemologica pomeriggio / nachmittag sezione / sektion i - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15 . 00 jane nystedt ( stoccolma ) , l ' italiano nei documenti della cee : le sequenze di parole 15 . 40 luana peotta ( duisburg ) , l ' analisi contrastiva del testo specialistico . teoria , metodo e risultati di ricerca 16 . 20-16 . 50 pausa / pause 16 . 50 ulrich daum ( muenchen ) , frauen und maenner in der rechtssprache 17 . 30 raffaella amiconi ( muenchen ) , forme linguistiche al femminile nella prosa giuridico-amministrativa in italia sezione / sektion ii - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15 . 00 paola mariani , luigi parenti ( firenze ) , gli archivi lessicali della lingua giuridica italiana . considerazioni e prospettive 15 . 40 felix mayer ( bolzano ) , die rechts - und verwaltungssprache in suedtirol 16 . 20-16 . 50 pausa / pause 16 . 50 agnieszka stepnikowska ( warszawa ) , fragen der zweisprachigen juristischen lexikographie 17 . 30 johann gamper ( bolzano ) , aufbereitung eines zweisprachigen textkorpus fuer terminologie - extraktion = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = venerdi ' 2 ottobre / freitag , 2 . oktober = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = mattina / vormittag 9 . 00 michele cortelazzo ( padova ) , tipologie testuali e caratteristiche stilistiche dei metatesti giuridici italiani sezione / sektion i - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 . 40 ingo warnke ( kassel ) , juristischer diskurs und etablierung von kultursprachen 10 . 20 reinhard schmidt ( firenze ) , an der grenzlinie zwischen juristischer fachsprache und sozialwissenschaftlichem diskurs : die sprache der deutschen bzw . italienischen rechtswissenschaft 11 . 00-11 . 30 pausa / pause 11 . 30 daniela veronesi ( bolzano ) , la metafora negli articoli scientifici giuridici 12 . 10 markus nussbaumer ( zuerich ) , textlinguistik fuer die gesetzgebung sezione / sektion ii - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 . 40 m . emanuela piemontese ( roma ) , la comprensibilita ' delle leggi italiane : alcune osservazioni quantitative e qualitative 10 . 20 piero mercatali ( firenze ) , applicazione di metodi e strumenti informatici per l ' analisi della comprensibilita ' del testo della costituzione 11 . 00-11 . 30 pausa / pause 11 . 30 carlo biagioli ( firenze ) , strutturazione funzionale delle leggi per la progettazione di strumenti informatici a sostegno del drafting legislativo 12 . 10 jens woelk ( bozen ) , deutsche rechtssprache in suedtirol . irrwege und auswege aus der sicht eines ( deutschen ) juristen pomeriggio / nachmittag sezione / sektion i - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15 . 00 isolde burr ( koeln ) , mehrsprachige gesetzgebung und auslegung auf nationaler ebene : die rolle des italienischen in der schweizerischen gesetzgestaltung und in urteilen des schweizerischen bundesgericht 15 . 40 andreas loetscher ( basel ) , legaldefinitionen : textlinguistische probleme ihres gebrauchs im spannungsfeld von praezision , einfachheit und verstaendlichkeit 16 . 20-16 . 50 pausa / pause 16 . 50 werner aufschnaiter ( bolzano ) , die gesetzes - und amtssprache in suedtirol : nicht nur ein problem der uebersetzung 17 . 30 stefano giuliani ( innsbruck ) , la traduzione giuridica tra difficolta ' e strumenti di ausilio sezione / sektion ii - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15 . 00 massimo vedovelli / mauro barni / vittorio fineschi ( siena / pavia ) , usi linguistici in ambito giudiziario : strutture lessicali e testuali della perizia scritta e nella testimonianza processuale 15 . 40 franca orletti ( roma ) , intercettazioni telefoniche : teoria della trascrizione 20 . 00 cena sociale / gemeinsames abendessen = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = sabato 3 ottobre / samstag , 3 . oktober = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = mattina / vormittag sezione / sektion i - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 . 30 lorenza rega ( trieste ) , aspetti e problemi della traduzione delle formule di rito nell ' ambito giuridico 10 . 10 marella magris ( trieste ) , i nominali incapsulatori nel diritto . contributo alla competenza testuale e lessicale del traduttore . 10 . 50 stefania coluccia ( bolzano ) , problemi di traduzione nei testi legislativi 11 . 30-11 . 45 pausa / pause 11 . 45 christin coleselli ( bolzano ) , ueber die verwendung einiger begriffe und deren aequivalente : ausgewaehlte beispiele aus der uebersetzerpraxis 12 . 15 cristina fraenkel ( bolzano ) , la traduzione giuridica nell ' ottica del traduttore 12 . 15 monika ueberbacher ( bolzano ) , aspetti e difficolta ' legati all ' interpretazione sezione / sektion ii - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 . 30 gabriella dondolini scholl ( erlangen ) , i progetti vocallit e fachsprache jura per il linguaggio giuridico presso lo sprachenzentrum dell ' universita ' di erlangen - norimberga 10 . 10 susanne muehlhaus ( kingston ) , lernerbeduerfnisse englischer studenten der deutschen rechtssprache 10 . 50 stefania semplici ( siena ) , una proposta per l ' insegnamento del linguaggio del diritto 11 . 30-11 . 45 pausa / pause 11 . 45 stefania cavagnoli ( bolzano ) , valutazione di materiali didattici 12 . 30 lukas wertenschlag ( fribourg ) , deutsch fuer juristen und juristinnen an der zweisprachigen universitaet freiburg / fribourg ( schweiz ) 13 . 15 seduta plenaria / plenarsitzung : conclusione dei lavori / schlussbemerkungen - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - iscrizione / anmeldung : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - la partecipazione al convegno e ' aperta a tutti gli interessati . per l ' iscrizione si prega di compilare il modulo d ' iscrizione disponibile sul sito internet del convegno : http : / / www . eurac . edu / linjus98 / index _ it . htm e di inviarlo all ' indirizzo del convegno . l ' organizzazione del convegno offre un servizio di prenotazione albergo fino al 31 / 07 / 98 . per ulteriori informazioni sulle possibilita ' di soggiorno a bolzano si prega di consultare il sito internet : http : / / www . provinz . bz . it / stw / tourismus / hotel _ i . htm . die teilnahme an der tagung ist fur alle interessenten offen . fur die anmeldung ersuchen wir sie , das anmeldeformular auf der internetseite der tagung : http : / / www . eurac . edu / linjus98 / index _ de . htm auszufallen und an die tagungsadresse zuruckzusenden . die tagungsorganisation bietet bis zum 31 . juli einen zimmerreservierungsservice an . weitere infos bezuglich ubernachtungsmoglichkeiten in bozen konnen an der folgenden internet - adresse abgerufen werden : http : / / www . provinz . bz . it / stw / tourismus / hotel _ i . htm . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - indirizzo / tagungsadresse : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - convegno linguistica giuridica area scientifica lingua e diritto via weggenstein , 12 / a i - 39100 bolzano europaeische akademie bozen tagung rechtslinguistik bereich sprache und recht weggensteinstr . 12 / a i - 39100 bozen fax : + 39 + 0471 + 306199 tel : + 39 + 0471 + 306116 ( daniela veronesi ) e-mail : linjus98 @ eurac . edu
",0
1819,"Subject: second call for participation for ecdl ' 98
 
 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ call for participation second european conference on research and advanced technology for digital libraries european european ics-forth university of union research crete consortium for informatics and mathematics - ieee computer society - lambrakis research foundation - ote - forthnet - intracom - cabernet - air greece - ergodata - swets & zeitlinger b . v . 19 - 23 september , 1998 knossos royal village , heraklion , crete , greece web page : http : / / www . csi . forth . gr / 2eurodl e - mail : ecdl @ cc . uch . gr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ we cordially invite you to join usat the second european conference on research and advanced technology for digital libraries , to be held at heraklion , crete , greece , september 19-23 . the conference opening session will take place at 9 . 00a . m . on monday the 21th of september 1998 and the final session will take place on wednesday afternoon , the 23rd of september 1998 . the technical talks are complemented by internationally renowned experts ' invited presentations and special sessions , panel discussions , as well as poster and demonstration sessions . the 7th delos workshop on electronic commerce will be held jointly with the second european conference on research and advanced technology . tutorials will be organized on the 19th and 20th of september 1998 . please note that early registration deadline is july 31 , 1998 . a limited number of fellowships for the conference and also for tutorials are available . for more information , including registration and fellowship application forms , please consult the appropriate sections of our conference web pages , http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / registration . html and http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / fellowships . html details concerning the conference programme can be found at the conference web page , under the ' conference programme ' section , http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / programme . html for specific information please consult the appropriate sections of the conference web pages : paper sessions - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / accpapers . html panel sessions - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / panels . html posters - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / posters . html demos - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / demos . html tutorials - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / tutorials . html invited speakers - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / speakers . html special sessions - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / sessions . html 7th delos workshop on electronic commerce - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / delos-7 . html
",0
1820,"Subject: esslli ' 98 student session - 2nd cfp
 
 the esslli ' 98 student session august 17-28 , 1998 , saarbruecken , germany deadline : february 15th , 1998 http : / / www . coli . uni-sb . de / esslli / we are pleased to announce the student session of the 10th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli ' 98 ) organized by dfki and the university of saarbruecken , germany . and taking place at the university of saarbruecken in august 17-28 , 1998 . we welcome submissions of papers for presentation at the esslli ' 98 student session and to appear in the proceedings . purpose : this is going to be the third esslli student session and as before , it will provide an opportunity for esslli participants who are students to present their own work in progress and get valuable feedback from other researchers and fellow-students . presentation of creative and innovative ideas is encouraged . the esslli ' 98 student session welcomes submissions from students at any level , that is , from undergraduates ( before completion of master degree ) as well as postgraduates ( before completion of phd degree ) . note also that all authors of esslli ' 98 papers have to be students , papers co-authored by non-students cannot be accepted . as in the previous years , the esslli ' 98 student session will consist of paper presentations . the esslli ' 98 student session has its own timeslot in the esslli ' 98 schedule : 60 minutes every day for two weeks , provided that a sufficient number of good quality papers is accepted . each presentation will last 30 minutes ( including 10 minutes of discussion ) . requirements : the student session papers should describe original , unpublished work , completed or in progress that demonstrates insight , creativity , and promise . no previously published papers should be submitted . all topics within the usual six esslli subject areas are of interest , without further restrictions . the areas are as follows : logic , linguistics , computation , logic & linguistics , logic & computation , and linguistics & computation . the accepted papers will be published in the esslli ' 98 student session proceedings , which will be made available along with the readers for the esslli ' 98 courses . format of submission : student authors should submit an anonymous extended abstract headed by the paper title , not to exceed 4 pages of length exclusive of references and a separate identification page ( see below ) . note that the length of the full papers will not be allowed to exceed 10 pages . since reviewing will be "" blind "" , the body of the abstract should omit author names and addresses . furthermore , self-references that reveal the authors ' identity ( e . g . , ` ` we previously showed ( smith , 1991 ) . . . ' ' ) should be avoided . instead , use references like ` ` smith ( 1991 ) previously showed . . . ' ' . to identify each paper , a separate identification page should be supplied containing the paper 's title , the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , the author ( s ) ' affiliation ( s ) and complete addresse ( s ) a short ( 5 line ) summary and a specification of the subject area into which the paper belongs . the subject areas considered are : logic , linguistics , computation , logic & linguistics , logic & computation , and linguistics & computation . media of submission and formatting requirements : the student authors should submit their papers electronically to : korbay @ ufal . mff . cuni . cz for any kind of submission a plain ascii text version of the identification page should be sent separately by email , using the following format : title : < title > author : < name of first author > address : < affiliation and address of first author > . . . author : < name of last author > address : < affiliation and address of last author > short summary ( 5 lines ) : < summary > subject area ( one of ) : [ logic | linguistics | computation | logic&linguistics | logic&computation | linguistics&computation ] please always submit the identification page in a separate message . the submissions should be in one of the following formats : - self-contained latex source ( the most encouraged ) - postscript - ascii text esslli ' 98 student session information : in order to present a paper at the esslli ' 98 student session , every student author has to register as a participant at esslli ' 98 . however , authors of accepted papers will be eligible for a reduced registration fee . for all information concerning esslli ' 98 , please consult the esslli ' 98 web site : http : / / www . coli . uni-sb . de / esslli / if you have specific questions about the student session please contact the chair . important dates : deadline for submissions : february 15 , 1998 notifications : april 15 , 1998 final version due : may 15 , 1998 esslli ' 98 student session : august 17-28 , 1998 program comittee for the esslli ' 98 student session : ivana kruijff - korbayova ( chair ) korbay @ ufal . mff . cuni . cz ufal mff uk malostranske nam . 25 118 35 praha 1 czech republic tel : ( + 420 - 2 ) 2191 4288 fax : ( + 420 - 2 ) 2191 4309 area co-chairs : language and computation : kordula de kuthy ( university of saarbruecken ) computation : michal soch ( czech technical university ) logic : carlos areces ( university of warwick ) language : berthold crysmann ( university of saarbruecken ) logic & computation : jaime ramos ( technical university of lisabon ) logic and language : - to be confirmed
",0
1821,"Subject: third utrecht biannual phonology workshop
 
 call for abstracts third utrecht biannual phonology workshop rene kager & wim zonneveld utrecht institute of linguistics : ots organisers 11-13 june 1998 theme : typology and language acquisition invited speakers : bruce hayes ( ucla ) and joe pater ( ubc ) deadline for abstracts : 1 march 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = it is a standard assumption that the striking structural resemblances between human languages are explained from the common starting point : u . g . the study of the striking resemblances ( and range of differences ) is called ` typology ' . the direct study of the common starting point is that of ` first language acquisition ' . since the introduction of so-called ` constraint-based theories ' , the field of typology and language acquisition is a candidate for a redefinition of its contents and its goals . questions that can be raised inlcude the following : - what is the nature of the common starting point ? is it an unstructured pool of constraints , where the process of language acquisition consists of providing structure ? is it highly structured ( is there a common completely ` unmarked ' , but structured ) point of departure ) , where language acquisition consists of adding markedness ? - is the learning task larger ( although not necessarily more difficult ) than previously imagined ? - to what extent is learning guided by factors of markedness that have an extralinguistic source , e . g . , production and / or perception factors ? - is the methodological process of excluding impossible languages different in constraint-based theories , and if so , how ? - is it possible to imagine combined theories of constraints and traditional parameters , both in the area of ( adult ) typology and language acquisition ? = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = abstracts are requested to have a length of 800 words ( references incl . ) . they will be judged according to the following priority scale : - integration of acquisitional and typology issues - acquisitional issues - typological issues any queries : rene . kager @ let . ruu . nl wim . zonneveld @ let . ruu . nl trans 10 3512 jk utrecht the netherlands fax : 31 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lot landelijke onderzoekschool taalwetenschap netherlands graduate school of linguistics trans 10 3512 jk utrecht phone : + 31 30 2536006 fax : + 31 30 2536000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
1822,"Subject: complexity in language contact , acquisition and change
 
 newsletter 1 . workshop on complexity in language contact , acquisition and change . 8 september 1998 , paris , france . in colaboration with the cnrs ( centre national de recherche scientifique ) , the lot ( netherlands graduate school of linguistics ) is organizing some workshops to create a forum to encourage the discussion between researchers in linguistics from the netherlands and france . one of the workshops is initiated by members of the university of amsterdam and has as its subject : complexity in language contact , acquisition and change . the workshop will take place on tuesday the 8th of september , starting at 14 . 30 until approximately 20 . 00h . the theme although there is a kind of dogma that all natural languages are equally complex , at least for certain subsystems of language there may well be differences in complexity . in discussions of processes of language change and first and second language acquisition the notion of complexity plays an important role . especially in creole studies simplicity and complexity implicitly have been dominant issues in the debate , but are seldom properly scrutinized . in this workshop we want to discuss the role of complexity in these domains , including grammatical theory , first and second language acquisition , language change and language contact - in order to shed light on controversial problems invoked by the term complexity in linguistics in general . the structure of the workshop the workshop is organized around three themes : creole languages , language acquisition and language change . each theme will be discussed by researchers from france and the netherlands in 10 minutes presentations , inspired by the following propositions . after these short presentations there will be time for discussion in each session . 1 . all languages have the same "" costs / payment "" balance , i . e . if a language becomes phonologically more simple , its morphological system will become more complex . [ cf . haugen 1976 : 286 ] 2 . all complexity in languages resides in the lexicon . [ cf . aronoff 1995 ] 3 . languages spoken within small communities are more complex than languages of large communities . [ cf . whinnom 1980 , hymes 1971 , mhlhusler 1996 ] 4 . language shift will in general lead to simplification , while borrowing will lead generally to more complex structures . [ cf . thomason & kaufman 1988 ] 5 . complexity does not play a role in first language acquisition , but it does in second language acquisition . [ cf . trudgill 1992 ] 6 . grammaticalization leads to greater complexity . [ labov 1990 , bickerton 1981 ] programme 14 . 30 chair and opening pieter muysken ( university of amsterdam / leiden ) 14 . 35 : introduction hadewych van rheeden ( university of amsterdam ) wouter kusters ( university of amsterdam ) 14 . 55 : language acquisition elisabeth van der linden ( university of amsterdam ) daniel veronique ( universit de la sorbonne nouvelle , paris iii ) colette noyau ( universit de paris x ) peter coopmans ( university of utrecht ) 15 . 55 : break 16 . 15 : creoles jacques arends ( university of amsterdam ) adrienne bruyn ( university of amsterdam ) karl gadelii ( university of gteborg ) andree tabouret - keller ( universit de strasbourg ) 17 . 15 : break chair : to be announced 17 . 35 : language change marc van oostendorp ( university of amsterdam / leiden ) fred weerman ( university of utrecht ) colette feuillard ( universit ren descartes , paris v ) muriel norde ( university of amsterdam ) francoise gadet ( universit de paris x ) 19 . 00 : general discussion . 20 . 00 : drinks and dinner . please let us know if you are interested to join this workshop . if you need more information , just contact wouter kusters and / or hadewych van rheeden : wouter . kusters @ let . uva . nl h . a . van . rheeden @ let . uva . nl another workshop will be held on wednesday the 9th , on the subject of competing principles in learners varieties , organized within the same joint programme of lot and cnrs . these workshops are immediately followed by the eurosla 8 conference on second language acquisition . for more information on the eurosla 8 look at http : / / www . kun . nl / ttmb / news . html . in the next newsletter the exact location of the workshop will be announced .
",0
1823,"Subject: ld ' 98 - call for participation
 
 ld ' 98 the first international workshop on labelled deduction freiburg , germany september 7 - 9 , 1998 http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for participation * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advanced program , registration , travel and accomodation information are available at the homepage of the workshop http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 aim and format to survey research in the field , and to allow researchers ( in logic , computer science , artificial intelligence , linguistics , etc . ) to exchange ideas , techniques and results . both finished work and work in progress will be reported . topics of interest papers on current research in all aspects of labelled deduction , including but not limited to : o logical modeling based on labelled deduction o formal metatheory for , or based on , labelled deduction o hybrid reasoners and combinations of logics based on labelling o automated reasoning , implementation , and system support o annotated logic programming o applications conference site institut fuer informatik of the university of freiburg . freiburg is a medieval town of about 200 , 000 inhabitants at the edge of the black forrest . the city is easily accessible , being within an hour from international airports in strasbourg and basel . there are also good connections ( hourly trains ) to airports in frankfurt and zurich , which are about 2 to 3 hours away . organizing committee david basin and luca vigano ` program committee david basin , institut fuer informatik , freiburg , germany marcello d ' agostino , universita ` di ferrara , italy dov gabbay , king 's college , london , uk sean matthews , max - planck - institut fuer informatik , saarbruecken , germany luca vigano ` , institut fuer informatik , freiburg , germany
",0
1824,"Subject: context 99 - first call for papers
 
 modeling and using context trento , italy , september 9-11 , 1999 . http : / / www-sysdef . lip6 . fr / context-99 / the second international and interdisciplinary conference on modeling and using context ( context ' 99 ) aims at providing a high quality forum for discussion on context among researchers active in artificial intelligence , cognitive science , computer science , linguistics , philosophy , and psychology . topics of interest topics of interest include ( but are not restricted to ) the following : animated characters cognitive modeling commonsense reasoning communication constraint - based reasoning databases and active databases data mining decision support systems diagnostic reasoning dynamics of context formal theories of context propositional attitudes heterogeneous information integration information management intelligent tutoring systems knowledge engineering knowledge representation machine learning multi - agent systems natural language processing natural language semantics pattern recognition philosophical foundations pragmatics temporal reasoning spatial reasoning submission of papers participants will be selected on the basis of submitted papers ( 10 single-spaced a4 pages maximum ) by three referees at least . papers must include in the first page : title , author 's name ( s ) , affiliation , complete mailing address , phone number , fax number , e-mail address , an abstract of 300 words maximum , and up to five keywords . electronic submission ( compressed / zipped / gzipped standard postscript file under the name first-author . ps ) is strongly encouraged ; alternatively , authors may send five hardcopies of the paper via surface mail . submitted papers should arrive to the conference chair no later than march 30 , 1999 . patrick brezillion context ' 99 conference chair , university paris vi , 4 , place jussieu , f-75252 paris cedex 05 , france e - mail : patrick . brezillon @ lip6 . fr important dates submission deadline : march 30 , 1999 notification of acceptance : may 21 , 1999 deadline for final papers : june 11 , 1999 conference : sept . 9-11 , 1999 further information the proceedings of the conference will be published by an international publisher and distributed at the conference . proposals for tutorials and workshops should be sent to the conference chair by december 24 , 1998 . programme committee aamodt a . ( norway ) kodratoff y . ( france ) abu - hakima s . ( canada ) kokinov b . ( bulgaria ) akman v . ( turkey ) maybury m . t . ( usa ) bonzon p . ( switzerland ) moulin b . ( canada ) castelfranchi c . ( italy ) noriega p . ( spain ) cavalcanti m . ( brazil ) paris c . ( australia ) chandrasekaran b . ( usa ) penco c . ( italy ) dichev c . ( bulgaria ) perry j . ( usa ) edmonds b . ( uk ) pomerol j . - ch . ( france ) fauconnier g . ( usa ) raccah p . y . ( france ) fisher m . ( uk ) rastier f . ( france ) frasson c . ( canada ) shahar y . ( usa ) gabbay d . ( uk ) sharma n . ( usa ) gaines b . ( canada ) singh m . ( usa ) giunchiglia e . ( italy ) tiberghien g . ( france ) giunchiglia f . ( italy ) thomason r . ( usa ) guha r . ( usa ) turner r . ( usa ) hayes p . ( usa ) widmer g . ( austria ) hayes - roth b . ( usa ) wilson d . ( uk ) hollnagel e . ( denmark ) young robert ( usa ) iwanska l . ( usa ) young roger ( uk ) organizing committee conference chair patrick brezillon lip6 , box 169 , university paris vi , 4 , place jussieu , f-75252 paris cedex 05 ( france ) e - mail : patrick . brezillon @ lip6 . fr programme co-chairs paolo bouquet luciano serafini university of trento , itc-irst , trento ( italy ) trento ( italy ) e - mail : bouquet @ cs . unitn . it e - mail : serafini @ irst . itc . it publicity chair massimo benerecetti university of trento , trento ( italy ) e - mail : bene @ cs . unitn . it
",0
1825,"Subject: last cfp : acm sac ' 99 - track on coordination
 
 * * * final call for papers and referees * * * = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 1999 acm symposium on applied computing ( sac ' 99 ) special track on coordination models , languages and applications february 28 - march 2 , 1999 the menger , san antonio , texas , u . s . a . ( http : / / www . cs . ucy . ac . cy / sac99 . html ) sac ' 99 : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ over the past thirteen years , the acm symposium on applied computing ( sac ) has become a primary forum for applied computer scientists and application developers from around the world to interact and present their work . sac ' 99 is sponsored by the acm special interest groups sigada , sigapp , sigbio , and sigcue . authors are invited to contribute original papers in all areas of experimental computing and application development for the technical sessions . there will be a number of special tracks on such issues as programming languages , parallel and distributed computing , mobile and scientific computing , internet and the www , etc . coordination models , languages and applications track : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a special track on coordination models , languages and applications will be held at sac ' 99 . the term "" coordination "" here is used in a rather broad sense covering traditional models and languages ( e . g . ones based on the shared dataspace and cham metaphors ) but also other related formalisms such as configuration and architectural description frameworks , systems modeling abstractions and languages , programming skeletons , etc . this track on coordination is held for the second time as part of acm sac 's events . the cfp for the acm sac ' 98 track attracted 33 submissions from 18 countries ; 8 of those submissions were accepted as regular papers and 4 more as short papers . major topics of interest include but are not limited to the following : * novel models , languages , programming and implementation techniques . * relationship with other computational models such as object oriented , declarative ( functional , logic , constraint ) programming or extensions of them with coordination capabilities . * applications ( especially where the industry is involved ) . * theoretical aspects ( semantics , reasoning , verification ) . * software architectures and software engineering techniques . * middleware platforms ( e . g . corba ) . * all aspects related to the modeling of information systems ( groupware , internet and the web , workflow management , cscw ) . track program chair : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ george a . papadopoulos department of computer science university of cyprus 75 kallipoleos str . , p . o . b . 537 cy-1678 , nicosia , cyprus e - mail : george @ cs . ucy . ac . cy tel : + 357 2 338705 / 06 , fax : + 357 2 339062 guidelines for submission : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ original papers from the above-mentioned or other related areas will be considered . this includes three categories of submissions : 1 ) original and unpublished research ; 2 ) reports of innovative computing applications in the arts , sciences , engineering , business , government , education and industry ; and 3 ) reports of successful technology transfer to new problem domains . each submitted paper will be fully refereed and undergo a blind review process by at least three referees . the accepted papers in all categories will be published in the acm sac ' 99 proceedings . there will also be a special issue of the journal of programming languages , chapman & hall ( http : / / www . chapmanhall . com / jp / default . html ) with expanded versions of selected papers from those that will be accepted for this special track as regular papers . submission guidelines must be strictly followed : * submit six ( 6 ) copies of original manuscripts to the sac ' 99 coordination models , languages and applications track program chair ( address shown above ) . alternatively , submit your paper electronically in uuencoded compressed postscript format ; this is strongly encouraged . fax submissions will not be accepted . * the author ( s ) name ( s ) and address ( es ) must not appear in the body of the paper , and self-reference should be in the third person . this is to facilitate blind review . * the body of the paper should not exceed 5 , 000 words ( approximately 15 pages , double-spaced ) . * a separate cover sheet ( in the case of electronic submission this should be sent separately from the main paper ) should show the title of the paper , the author ( s ) name ( s ) and affiliation ( s ) , and the address ( including e-mail , telephone , and fax ) to which correspondence should be sent . * all submissions must be received by august 17 , 1998 . anyone wishing to review papers for this special track should contact the track program chair at the address shown above . important dates : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * august 17 , 1998 : paper submission . * october 15 , 1998 : author notification . * december 1 , 1998 : camera - ready copy .
",0
1826,"Subject: books on functional linguistics
 
 john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the four following titles in the field of functional linguistics : reconnecting language : morphology and syntax in functional perspectives a . . - m . simon - vandenbergen , k . davidse and d . niel ( eds ) ( univ . of gent / univ . of leuven / univ . of gent ) 1997 . xii , 212 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 154 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 870 1 price : usd 79 . 00 rest of the world : hb 90 272 3659 3 price : nlg 158 , - - although the contributors to this book do not belong to one particular 's chool ' of linguistic theory , they all share an interest in the external functions of language in society and in the relationship between these functions and internal linguistic phenomena . in this sense , they all take a functional approach to grammatical issues . apart from this common starting-point , the contributions share the aim of demonstrating the non-autonomous nature of morphology and syntax , and the inadequacy of linguistic models which deal with syntax , morphology and lexicon in separate , independent components . the recurrent theme throughout the book is the inseparability of lexis and morphosyntax , of structure and function , of grammar and society . the third and more specific common thread is case , which in some contributions is adduced to illustrate the more general point of the link between word form on the one hand and clausal and textual relations on the other hand , while in other papers it is at the centre of the discussion . the interest of the proposed volume consists in the fact that it brings together the views of leading scholars in functional linguistics of various 'd enominations ' on the place of morphosyntax in linguistic theory . the book provides convincing argumentation against a modular theory with autonomous levels ( the dominant framework in mainstream 20th century linguistics ) and is a plea for further research into the connections between the lexicogrammar and the linguistic and extra-linguistic context . contributions by : m . a . k . halliday ; c . hagege ; robert de beaugrande ; pew sgall ; stanley starosta ; william mcgregor ; anna siewierska ; marja - liisa helasvuo ; karen e . robblee ; alice caffarel ; motoko hori . the linguistics of giving john newman ( ed . ) ( massey university , new zealand ) 1997 . xv , 373 pp . typological studies in language , 36 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 647 4 price : usd 98 . 00 pb : 1 55619 648 2 price : usd 34 . 95 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 2933 3 price : nlg 196 , - - pb : 90 272 2934 1 price : nlg 70 , - - in this collection of papers , twelve linguists explore a range of interesting properties of ' give ' verbs . the volume offers an in-depth look at many morphological , syntactic , and semantic properties of ' give ' verbs , including both literal and figurative senses , across languages . topics include : an apparent zero-morpheme realization of ' give ' in a papuan language ; noun plus causative-like suffix expressing the ' give ' concept in nahuatl ; ' give ' and other ditransitive constructions in zulu ; the complex verbal morphologies associated with ' give ' verbs in chipewyan , cora , and sochiapan chinantec ; the elaborate classificatory system found with ' give ' verbs in chipewyan and cora ; ' give ' , ' have ' and ' take ' constructions in slavic languages ; the expression of ' give ' in american sign language ; the origin of the german es gibt construction ; the extension of ' give ' to an adverbial marker in thai , khmer , and vietnamese ; the syntax and semantics of dutch ' give ' ; first language acquisition of possession terms . contributions by : john robert , david tuggy , john taylor , sally rice , eugene casad , phyllis perrin wilcox , david foris , laura janda , theo janssen , john newman , jae jung song , and michael tomasello . information status and noncanonical word order in english . betty birner & gregory ward 1998 xiv 314 pp . studies in language companion series 40 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 926 0 price : 69 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 3043 9 price : nlg 138 , - - this work provides a comprehensive discourse-functional account of three classes of noncanonical constituent placement in english - preposing , postposing , and argument reversal - and shows how their interaction is accounted for in a principled and predictive way . in doing so , it details the variety of ways in which information can be ' given ' or new ' and shows how an understanding of this variety allows us to account for the distribution of these constructions in discourse . moreover , the authors show that there exist broad and empirically verifiable functional correspondences within classes of syntactically similar constructions . relying heavily on corpus data , the authors identify three interacting dimensions along which individual constructions may vary with respect to the pragmatic constraints to which they are sensitive : old vs . new information , relative vs . absolute familiarity , and discourse - vs . hearer-familiarity . they show that preposed position is reserved for information that is linked to the prior discourse by means of a contextually licensed partially-ordered set relationship ; postposed position is reserved for information that is ' new ' in one of a small number of distinct senses ; and argument-reversing constructions require that the information represented by the preverbal constituent be at least as familiar within the discourse as that represented by the postverbal constituent . within each of the three classes of constructions , individual constructions vary with respect to whether they are sensitive to familiarity within the discourse or ( assumed ) familiarity within the hearer 's knowledge store . thus , although the individual constructions in question are subject to distinct constraints , this work provides empirical evidence for the existence of strong correlations between sentence position and information status . the final chapter presents crosslinguistic data showing that these correlations are not limited to english . the structure of the lexicon in functional grammar hella olbertz , kees hengeveld & jesus sanchez garcia ( eds . ) ( university of amsterdam ) 1998 . xii , 312 pp . studies in language companion series , 43 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 929 5 price : usd 69 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 3046 3 price : nlg 138 , - - the papers collected in this volume concern five different aspects of the role of the lexicon in the theory of functional grammar as developed by simon c . dik and his co-workers . the volume starts off with a practical introduction to the functional - lexematic model and model applications to english , german and spanish are presented . the second part of the volume deals with the derivation of action-nouns , pseudo-reflexive verbs and causative constructions , thus offering new perspectives on predicate formation within functional grammar . this is followed by a section that centers around an important problem related to valency : the question of how to account for the collocational properties of predicates . the fourth part of the book discusses ( non-prototypical ) transitive verbs and their relation to the typology of states of affairs . the final section focuses on the relationship between the lexicon and the underlying structure of the clause . check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com /
",0
1827,"Subject: console - 7
 
 final call for papers ! ! ! console 7 the seventh meeting of the student organisation of linguistics in europe ( console ) will be held at the university of bergen , norway , from 9 to 11 december 1998 . speakers will get free accomodation ! sole aims at providing students of generative linguistics with a possibility of gaining international experience and a publication forum of their own . furthermore , sole strives to enhance contacts and cooperation between students of generative linguistics in europe and around the world . papers are solicited from students in the field of generative linguistics , more specifically in , but not limited to , phonology , morphology , semantics , sign language , language acquisition and syntax . submissions may be sent either by regular mail or e-mail . if regular mail is used , please send five copies , of which four should be anonymous and one should contain your name , affiliation , address and e-mail address . abstracts should be set in at least 10 point and must not exceed two pages , including references , diagrams , and examples . please send abstracts to : console 7 department of linguistics and comparative literature section for linguistic studies sydnesplass 7 n-5007 bergen norway e - mail submissions must be text only ( ascii format ) . abstracts submitted in this way should not exceed 1300 words , including references , diagrams , and examples , and they may be sent to : abstracts @ babel . ling . uib . no the deadline for submission is 1 august , 1998 ( regardless of mode of submission ) . abstracts received after 1 august will not be considered . submissions by fax will not be accepted . questions regarding submissions and the conference in general can be addressed to the local organisers at the following e-mail address or fax number : e - mail : console7 @ babel . ling . uib . no fax : + 47-55 58 93 54 or to the sole board at the following e-mail address : sole @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl information regarding the conference can be found at the following website : http : / / www . ling . uib . no / console - 7 local organisers : sole board : oystein alexander vangsnes michael redford dagmar bendt tina cambier - langeveld inger marie berntzen aniko liptak torodd kinn martha thunes
",0
1828,"Subject: contrastive linguistics and translation
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers and participation symposium contrastive linguistics and translation studies empirical approaches universit catholique de louvain louvain - la - neuve , belgium 5 - 6 february , 1999 introduction over the last few years an important change has taken place in research into contrastive linguistics and translation studies . whereas previously both fields have drawn on largely introspective methodologies , most research is now conducted on large bodies of bilingual or multilingual data , a change which has had the important effect of providing the two disciplines with a much more solid empirical basis . many researchers are now working with computerised data , in many cases using specifically designed linguistic software tools to conduct automatic or semi-automatic analyses . bilingual concordancers are a case in point . research projects along these lines are becoming more widespread throughout the academic community and initial results are highly encouraging , revealing the enormous potential of computerised corpus analyses both for contrastive linguistics and translation studies . of course many researchers are still opting to use purely manual methods of analysis : indeed for many types of linguistic analysis ( semantic or discourse analysis for example ) , they will remain the only option for the foreseeable future . it is also notable that there are very few bilingual computer corpora available . for many therefore , the use of manual methods may not be a question of choice . this symposium is intended to bring together specialists in the fields of contrastive linguistics and translation studies conducting research on bilingual or multilingual corpora of any type . one important objective will be to demonstrate to what extent detailed corpus analysis can support , contradict or refine introspective contrastive analyses . another key aim is to examine the strengths and weaknesses of manual and automatic methods of data analysis . and lastly , the meeting will provide a valuable opportunity to exchange and share data , a step on the way to setting up an international multilingual databank available to everyone working in the field . symposium topics below is a non-exhaustive list of subject areas which we hope to address during the symposium : - contrastive lexicology ( in particular , contrastive phraseology ) - bilingual / multilingual lexicography - contrastive semantics - contrastive syntax - contrastive pragmatics - compiling and exploiting bilingual / multilingual computerised corpora - software tools for the analysis of bilingual corpora ( bilingual concordancing , automatic alignment , multilingual part-of - speech tagging , etc . ) - bilingual corpora and automatic / computer-aided translation languages english and french will be the two official symposium languages , with most papers given in english . symposium venue the symposium will take place in louvain - la - neuve , an entirely pedestrian university campus which , with its cafes , restaurants , shops , sports centre , cinema and theatre , offers all the advantages of a real town . 20 minutes away from brussels , it is easy to reach by car , train and plane , brussels national airport being within very easy reach . deadline for abstracts anyone wishing to present a paper at the symposium should send a one page abstract in electronic format ( preferably a word attachment ) to sylviane granger ( address below ) by 16 october 1998 at the latest . notification of acceptance will be given by 6 november 1998 . payment the cost of the symposium is as follows : - before 30 november 1998 : 2500 belgian francs - after 30 november 1998 : 3500 belgian francs this includes the symposium fee , the book of abstracts , coffee breaks and lunch on both days . accommodation two types of accommodation are on offer : - chambre la rsidence universitaire ( le relais , rue de la gare 6 , 1348 louvain - la - neuve ) : 1600 fb par nuit , petit djeuner inclus ; - chambre l ' htel de lauzelle ( avenue de lauzelle 61 , 1348 louvain - la - neuve ) : 2600 fb par nuit , petit djeuner inclus ( chambre simple ) . note : only thirty rooms are available at the university guesthouse and places will be allocated on a strictly first-come first-served basis . scientific committee bengt altenberg ( university of lund , sweden ) ludo beheydt ( universit catholique de louvain , belgium ) hlne chuquet ( university of poitiers , france ) jean - pierre colson ( institut libre marie - haps brussels & universit catholique de louvain , belgium ) thierry fontenelle ( european commission translation service , luxembourg ) sylviane granger ( universit catholique de louvain , belgium ) jacques lerot ( universit catholique de louvain , belgium ) raphal salkie ( university of brighton , uk ) organizing committee sylviane granger ( universit catholique de louvain ) jacques lerot ( universit catholique de louvain ) andr hantson ( facults universitaires notre - dame de la paix namur ) michel kefer ( universit de lige ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - pre-registration form please return to the following address : professor sylviane granger , universit catholique de louvain , college erasme , place blaise pascal 1 , b-1348 louvain - la - neuve , belgium . telephone : + 32 10474947 ; ( secretary ) + 3210474940 fax : + 32 10474942 email : granger @ lige . ucl . ac . be - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - contrastive linguistics and translation studies empirical approaches universit catholique de louvain , louvain - la - neuve ( belgium ) 5 - 6 february 1999 surname : first name : institution : address : telephone : fax : e-mail : i wish to take part in the ' contrastive linguistics and translation studies ' symposium which will take place in louvain - la - neuve , 5 - 6th february , 1999 . i wish to take part in the symposium without giving a paper : yes / no i wish to give a paper / poster : yes / no provisional title of the paper / poster : i wish to demonstrate software at the symposium : yes / no provisional title of the demonstration : i wish to reserve accommodation : yes / no i would like to reserve a room in the university guesthouse , le relais , for 4th february / 5th february / 6th february / 7th february , making a total of . . . . . . nights . i would like to reserve a room in the hotel de lauzelle for 4th february / 5th february / 6th february / 7th february , making a total of . . . . . . nights . i would like to put my name down for the dinner on friday evening ( c . 1000 fb ) : yes / no on receipt of your application , you will be sent an itemized invoice .
",0
1829,"Subject: germanic syntax workshop at esslli-98
 
 program and call for participation for the workshop on current topics in constraint-based theories of germanic syntax saarbruecken , 17 . - 21 . august 1998 organized as part of the 10th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli ) by tibor kiss ( ibm germany ) and detmar meurers ( univ . tuebingen ) monday , 17 . august : tibor kiss ( ibm germany ) : introduction : empirical problems in the study of germanic syntax bob carpenter ( lucent technologies bell laboratories ) : german word order and ` ` linearization ' ' in type - logical grammar frank richter & manfred sailer ( univ . tuebingen ) : complementizers and finite verbs in german sentence structure tuesday , 18 . august : per anker jensen & peter skadhauge ( south . denmark business school ) : linearization and diathetic alternations in danish stefan mueller ( dfki gmbh ) : case in german - - an hpsg analysis detmar meurers ( univ . tuebingen ) : raising spirits ( and assigning them case ) wednesday , 19 . august : frank van eynde ( katholieke universiteit leuven ) : functional projections and dutch complementizers invited speaker : hans uszkoreit ( univ . des saarlandes / dfki gmbh ) : on the distribution of extraposed relative clauses thursday , 20 . august : jonas kuhn ( univ . stuttgart ) : resource sensitivity in the syntax - semantics interface and the german split np construction kordula de kuthy ( univ . des saarlandes ) : splitting pp arguments from nps - - an argument raising approach and its interaction with lexical semantics judith berman ( univ . stuttgart ) : on the syntax of correlative ` es ' and finite clauses in german - - an lfg analysis friday , 21 . august : adam bodomo ( univ . of hong kong ) : a lexical semantic analysis of ` faa ' complex predicates in norwegian lutz gunkel ( fu berlin ) causatives in german discussion the proceedings are available on-line at : http : / / www . sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de / ~ dm / esslli98 /
",0
1830,"Subject: lacl98 ( logical aspects of computational ling 98 )
 
 logical aspects of computational linguistics ( lacl98 ) third ( final ) call for papers deadline extension : august 7 , 1998 conference time and place : 14-16 december 1998 projet calligramme ( loria ) universite pierre mendes - france , grenoble 2 france theme the lacl conferences provide a platform for the presentation of new and original research on the use of logical techniques , both model-theoretic and proof-theoretic , in the field of computational linguistics . the first two editions of the conference were held in nancy ( france ) , in september 1996 and 1997 . proceedings of these events are published in the springer lecture notes in artificial intelligence series . see http : / / www . loria . fr / ~ retore / leslacl . html for more information . from lacl98 on , the conference will operate on a bi-annual schedule , so as to optimize the alternation with related events . invited speakers makoto kanazawa ( chiba ) [ * ] per martin - lof ( stockholm ) fernando pereira ( att research ) [ * ] [ * ] confirmed topics of interest we hereby invite computational linguists , logicians , computer scientists and / or philosophers to submit papers describing original and unpublished research related to the conference theme . topics of interest include , but are not limited to : - logical foundations of computational grammar formalisms ; - model-theoretic and proof-theoretic methods in linguistics ; - constraint-based and resource-sensitive approaches to grammatical analysis ; - linguistic applications of linear logic , type theory ; - - computational complexity of type logics and feature logics ; - - natural-language interfaces for automated theorem provers submissions the lacl98 conference has an electronic refereeing procedure . submissions consist of two parts : - a page containing the title of the paper , the name and affiliation of the author ( s ) , e-mail and postal address ( es ) . format : plain ascii . - an abstract of maximally 4 pages ( including figures and references ) , containing the title of the contribution , but not the name of the author ( s ) . format : plain ascii , or ( preferably ) postscript , dvi , pdf ( in a unix compatible mode , if encoded ) . deadline extension : submissions have to be sent to the following e-mail address , before august 7 , 1998 : e-mail : lacl98 @ let . ruu . nl the notifications of acceptance will be sent out the first week of september . the collection of the selected abstracts will be available at the conference . after the conference , authors are invited to submit a full paper ( up to 20 pages ) for publication . the final papers will appear in a special volume of the springer - verlag series of lecture notes in computer science ( lncs / lnai ) . important dates august 7 , 1998 : 4 - page abstract due 1st week of september 1998 : notification of acceptance 1st week of november 1998 : final 4 - page abstract due december 14-16 , 1998 : conference dates program commitee chair : michael moortgat ( ots , utrecht ) johan van benthem ( illc , amsterdam ) gosse bouma ( groningen ) vijay shanker ( delaware ) erhard hinrichs ( tuebingen ) mary dalrymple ( xerox parc ) ruy de queiroz ( ufpe , sao paolo ) francois lamarche ( inria nancy ) christian retore ( inria rennes ) uwe reyle ( ims stuttgart ) organising commitee chair : alain lecomte ( grenoble ) denis vernant ( pl&c ) , jean - michel adam ( imss ) , claude jeannin ( ufr shs ) , catherine finkel ( upmf ) addresses for information related to the conference organisation , contact : alain lecomte departement imss universite pierre mendes - france bp 47 x 38040 grenoble cedex 9 france tel : + 33 4 76 82 78 52 fax : + 33 4 76 82 56 65 e-mail : alain . lecomte @ upmf-grenoble . fr http : / / www-bshm . upmf-grenoble . fr / ~ alecomte for information related to the conference program and submission procedure , contact : michael moortgat utrecht institute of linguistics ots trans 10 3512 jk utrecht the netherlands tel : + 31 30 2536043 fax : + 31 30 2536406 e-mail : michael . moortgat @ let . ruu . nl http : / / www-uilots . let . ruu . nl / user / uilots / moortgat / home . html conference url the lacl98 homepage will be regularly updated with conference information : http : / / www-bshm . upmf-grenoble . fr / lacl98
",0
1831,"Subject: workshop on interlinguas
 
 although the date for intent to participate has passed , we invite you to still consider submitting a position paper for the second workshop on interlinguas , to be held october 27 in conjunction with the amta . deadline for receipt of position papers is august 10 . if you check our website , you will see that we have posted a multilingual dialogue as an additional source of position paper topics . we also currently have a multilingual text in english , french , spanish , german , russian , bulgarian , italian , catalan , vietnamese , malay , greek , bulgarian , and portuguese versions on line , with glosses for spanish , german , and catalan . we are still looking for people who might help with entering the chinese , tamil , arabic , and persian versions , as well as providing glosses for these and the other languages . if you could help out , please contact me at shelmrei @ crl . nmsu . edu . thanks , steve helmreich [ http : / / crl . nmsu . edu / events / fwoi / secondworkshop / index . html ]
",0
1832,"Subject: texas linguistics society 1999
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - announcing the 1999 conference of the texas linguistics society perspectives on argument structure to be held at the university of texas at austin , march 5 - 7 , 1999 . keynote speakers : beth levin ( northwestern university ) james pustejovsky ( brandeis university ) michael tanenhaus ( university of rochester ) deadline for receipt of abstracts : october 16 , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - abstracts are invited for 30 - minute talks ( with 10 additional minutes for discussion ) . issues of argument structure have proven to be of long-standing interest within diverse subfields of linguistics . the intent of this conference is to bring together researchers working on argument structure from different perspectives . in keeping with this idea , presentations that address argument structure from the perspective of formal syntax or semantics are encouraged , as well as those that take psycholinguistic , computational or other approaches . potential topics include , but are not limited to : * theories of linking ; relating argument structure to syntactic structure * accounts of case assigment * lexical conceptual semantics and argument structure * computational implementation & models of argument structure or linking * syntax / semantic interface and language acquisition * acquisition of argument structure * language processing of argument structure , subcategorization or lexical / conceptual structure abstracts must be no more than on 8 . 5 "" by 11 "" page , single spaced and in at least 12 - point type ( 10 - point for examples ) , with one-inch margin on all sides . one additional page with references , diagrams and data ( no text ) may be appended , if necessary . all submissions must include the following : * six anonymous copies of the abstract * one 3 "" x5 "" card with name , affiliation , address , phone number , e-mail and title of paper deadline for receipt of abstracts is october 16 , 1998 . send abstracts to : tls abstract committee calhoun 501 , b5100 the university of texas at austin austin , tx 78712 abstracts received after the deadline will not be considered . fax submissions will not be accepted . instructions for text-only e-mail submissions are available by request . an individual may submit at most one single and one co-authored paper . authors whose abstracts are accepted will be notified in mid - december , 1998 . presenters who wish to have their papers included in the conference proceedings must submit a camera ready copy by may 15 , 1999 . proceedings will be published by the texas linguistics forum . conference pre-registration is $ 15 . 00 ( us ) for students , $ 25 . 00 for non-students . for more information , e-mail tls @ uts . cc . utexas . edu or visit the conference website at http : / / uts . cc . utexas . edu / ~ tls /
",0
1833,"Subject: languaging 99 conference
 
 call for papers languaging 99 : a conference across literature , linguistics , and writing sponsored by the university of north texas and the gsea conference dates 4 - 7 march 1999 conference location university of north texas , denton , texas conference purpose languaging 99 offers a forum for scholars from the disciplines of linguistics , literature , and writing , as well as the related disciplines of anthropology , art , communication theory , cultural studies , film , history , music , philosophy , psychology , theater , etc . , to examine "" language "" and "" texts "" both within these disciplines and across these disciplines . submission deadlines u . s . mail : postmarked 10 october 1998 email : 15 october 1998 notification : 10 december 1998 submissions we encourage submissions that examine "" language "" and "" texts "" both within and across the following : - - literature - - linguistics - - writing ( includes rhetoric / composition , technical writing , creative writing ) - - related disciplines ( includes anthropology , art , communication theory , cultural studies , film , history , music , philosophy , psychology , theater ) we welcome submissions that deal with - - cognitive linguistics - - conceptual metaphor - - linguistic analysis of literature instructions for submitting please find complete instructions for submitting - - paper abstracts - - creative submissions - - symposia proposals at our website http : / / www . unt . edu / languaging we encourage submissions from graduate students as well as professional scholars . we cannot accept submissions by fax . we accept submissions via e-mail at linglit @ unt . edu or u . s . mail at languaging 99 university of north texas department of english p . o . box 311307 denton , tx 76203-1307 contacts for more information for more conference information , please write to languaging 99 university of north texas department of english p . o . box 311307 denton , tx 76203-1307 or direct your questions to linglit @ unt . edu visit our web site at www . unt . edu / languaging
",0
1834,"Subject: wolfram and schilling - estes : american english
 
 wolfram , walt and schilling - estes , natalie . ( 1998 ) . american english . oxford , u . k . : blackwell . isbn 0-631 - 20846 - 5 ( hardcover ) . rrp : us $ 59 . 95 ( hardcover ) 16 . 99 / us $ 29 . 95 the rich phonology of american "" accents "" is appreciated and instantly identifiable by non - american speakers of english worldwide , through television , radio and now ( perhaps ) through the internet . however , the perceived homogeneity of the american way of speaking as something uniquely "" american "" by these speakers of english , lies in stark contrast to the diversity of american english which is the domestic reality . in this exciting revision of wolfram 's classic "" dialects and american english "" , wolfram and schilling - estes not only attempt to provide a detailed account of the geographical and sociocultural distribution of certain kinds of american english , through distinct dialects , grammar , and usage , but also attempt to dispel a number of urban ( and not-so - urban ) myths common among native american english speakers . the book begins by contrasting the popular definition of "" dialects "" and their relative social desirability ( or otherwise ) , as perceived by native speakers who often feel they do not speak a dialect , with technical definitions from linguistics in the context of the so-called "" desirability-deficit "" debate . the work of schilling - estes in documenting the ocracoke english of north carolina , in particular , places her in a unique position to comment on language variation and the social issues involved in linguistic minorities ( especially in attempting to dispel myths regarding social desirability and dialects ) . the second chapter contrasts linguistic and sociohistorical explanations of the processes by which different dialects arise in languages , and more generally , why languages change over time . whilst the latter explanation sees languages and dialects as arising from the interaction of social and historical conditions , such as migration , settlement , and language contact , the former view sees languages as dynamical systems which have an inherent capacity and impetus to change , which arises from their structure . although some linguists are not directly concerned with sociohistorical factors in language change , the authors successfully integrate both viewpoints by examining general processes such as grammaticalization in the context of specific examples ( such as the new york city vernacular ) . however , those interested solely in a comprehensive review of distinctive american grammar , independent of social factors , should look elsewhere - this book is not a taxonomic ( and nor should it be ) . however , the third chapter which discusses levels of dialect should be useful for understanding the strata of dialects in contemporary american speech . the fourth chapter provides a historical overview of the development of american dialects , from elizabethan influences and pre-revolutionary dialects , to the rise of the west coast and twentieth century accents . this chapter successfully uses geographical diagrams and maps not only to demonstrate localised changes in distinctive dialect features ( such as r-lessness and r-fulness ) that have occurred throughout the history of the united states , but also to demonstrate the flow and influence of dialects during settlement of the interior , and how these changes are related to issues such as language contact and language borrowing from native americans . chapter 5 continues this process by developing examples of regional dialects and variations from many areas of the united states . chapters 6 and 7 develop the idea of dialects beyond regional and geographical differences to encompass dialect change and differences based on social class , ethnicity and gender . these chapters consider key issues such as the patterning of social difference in language in the context of specific examples , such as african american vernacular english ( aave ) . it is interesting to note in this example that even though at least eight distinctive grammatical features distinguish aave from the anglo american dialect , there is variation within each group sufficient to make comparisons difficult for linguists . a more general case is examined with respect to interactions of three or more languages , as is the case in robeson county nc , where native americans constitute 40 % of the county population , where their accent is clearly dominant . chapters 8 and 9 moves away from group analysis of dialects and language to questions of individual language use and style , and the social distribution of these usages . theories of style shifting , such as the attention to speech model , speech accommodation theory and the audience design model are reviewed , and research methods for understanding individual speech acts within paradigms that focus on group-based methods are discussed ( including corpus methods ) . group - exclusive dialect features and dialect patterning are discussed in the context of research methods such as implicational arrays to relate specific grammatical features of different dialects . the book concludes with discussions of the relevance of an understanding of accents and dialects to applied linguistics , an issue which is clearly important historically with the "" desirability-deficit "" debate and in contemporary education of english as a second language . in particular , the use of standardized tests which are based around the recognition of standard english usage and grammar are criticized for being unrealistic ( as well as violating assumptions of content validity ) . one solution might be to use a dialect consistency or achievement measure , and / or developing culturally and linguistically-appropriate testing situations which do not make assumptions about a language learner 's accent and / or social demographics . as the authors recognise , these kinds of aims are very difficult to implement , but certainly recognising the systematic biases in language testing , and encouraging dialect awareness in schools , is a first step . wolfram and schilling - estes explicitly accommodate pedagogical usage of this book , by introducing key concepts in capitals , and including an exercise for students with each new section in the text . at the conclusion of each chapter , there is a very useful "" further reading "" section which will also be useful to students , as will the glossary of common linguistic terms at the end of the book . a skeletal phonetics chart is accompanied by an appendix of socially-diagnostic structures , which will be useful for those working in clinical linguistics . the only criticism which could be levelled at the teaching material in the book is that no solutions are provided for the exercises , so perhaps the development of a separate teacher 's guide ( especially for foreign or tesol instructors ) might be an appropriate future inclusion to this otherwise impressive account of american english . reviewed by : paul a . watters , department of computing , school of mathematics , physics , computing and electronics , macquarie university nsw 2109 , australia . tel . : + 61 - 2-9850 - 9541 ; fax : + 61 - 2-9850 - 9551 ; e - mail : pwatters @ mpce . mq . edu . au . paul a . watters is a research officer at macquarie university in australia , and is currently working on computational representations of semantics in models of language and speech production , and is working on regional issues of language usage ( especially "" on-line "" language use ) . he is an associate editor of the south pacific journal of psychology .
",0
1835,"Subject: new mitwpl book : syntax - semantics
 
 the interpretive tract : working papers in syntax and semantics . mit working papers in linguistics v . 25 . edited by uli sauerland and orin percus . april 1998 . 295 pages . $ 12 . website : http : / / broca . mit . edu / mitwpl . web / wpl - volumes-files / wpl25 . html this volume is about the interpretive component of the grammar . it is about how the form of sentences relates to their informational contribution and to their conditions of use . accordingly , the papers here try to pinpoint aspects of the meaning of sentences , to draw connections between these aspects of meaning and material present at syntactic structure , and to ask how we get one from the other . the papers here were written over the past five years . interest in semantics coalesced and intensified during these years at mit ; we are especially happy to publish these papers now , in the first year of the new phd program specializing in semantics . contents subject specificity , copy theory , and extended mapping hypothesis wei - tien dylan tsai 1-28 the presupposition of subjunctive conditionals kai von fintel 29-44 presupposition denial and the origins of antecedents orin percus 45-64 quantification in agrammatic aphasia william philip and sergey avrutin 63-72 negation and object shift in early child korean judy yoo - kyung baek 73-86 spanish n - words : ambivalent behavior or ambivalent nature elena herburger 87-102 complementation and interpretation : the concrete and imaginative readings of visual perception verbs marie claude boivin 103-123 on the aspectual properties of english derived nominals william snyder 125-139 downsizing infinitives susi wurmbrand 141-175 plurals , derived predicates and reciprocals uli sauerland 177-204 anaphora and semantic interpretation : a reinterpretation of reinhart 's approach irene heim 205-246 movement and derived predicates : evidence from parasitic gaps jon nissenbaum 247-295
",0
1836,"Subject: new mitwpl book : argument structure and aspect
 
 papers from the upenn / mit roundtable on argument structure and aspect . mit working papers in linguistics v . 32 . edited by heidi harley . may 1998 . 200 pages . $ 12 . contents are unaccusatives aspectually characterized ? ( and other related questions ) maya arad obligation and possession rajesh bhatt voice systems and the syntax / morphology interface david embick the basic elements of argument structure ken hale and jay keyser licensing in the non - lexicalist lexicon : nominalizations , vocabulary items and the encyclopedia heidi harley and rolf noyer case and locality in l - syntax : evidence from georgian martha mcginnis argument structure and antipassivization in inuit laura siegel events and aspectual structure in derivational morphology angeliek van hout and thomas roeper
",0
1837,"Subject: new books from mitwpl : syntax
 
 new books on syntax available from mit working papers in linguistics in 1998 : boeckx , cedric ( 1998 ) . a minimalist view on the passive . university of connecticut occasional papers in linguistics v . 2 . 514 pages . $ 15 . cho , jai - hyoung ( 1994 ) . scrambling in korean : crossover , reconstruction , and binding theory . university of connecticut dissertation . 229 pages . $ 12 . kim , jeong - seok ( 1997 ) . syntactic focus movement and eliipsis : a minimalist approach . university of connecticut dissertation . 300 pages . $ 12 . sohn , keun - won ( 1995 ) . negative polarity items , scope and economy . university of connecticut dissertation . 255 pages . $ 12 . ordering information : http : / / broca . mit . edu / mitwpl . web / wpls . html
",0
1838,"Subject: new book from mitwpl : semantics
 
 new book in semantics available from mit working papers in linguistics in 1998 : conway , laura lim ( 1997 ) . excavating semantics . university of connecticut dissertation . 307 pages . $ 12 .
",0
1839,"Subject: contragram 1997
 
 quarterly newsletter of the contrastive grammar research group of the university of gent http : / / bank . rug . ac . be / contragram / contents . html no 12 ( december 1997 ) http : / / bank . rug . ac . be / contragram / newsle12 . html dutch , english and english l2 business language in contrast : working with the acid corpus ( katja pelsmaekers ) book notice : fuchs , c . and s . robert ( eds . ) ( 1997 ) diversite des langues et representations cognitives ( bart defrancq ) no 11 ( october 1997 ) http : / / bank . rug . ac . be / contragram / newsle11 . html the tnp - subgroup on "" dictionaries "" : a brief introduction ( filip devos ) intersect : parallel corpora and contrastive linguistics . a project at the university of brighton ( raphael salkie ) book notice : martinez vazquez , m . ( ed . ) ( 1996 ) gramatica contrastiva ingles-espanol . ( bart defrancq ) no 10 ( june 1997 ) http : / / bank . rug . ac . be / contragram / newsle10 . html meanings of i think : a study based on parallel corpora ( anne - marie simon - vandenbergen ) les objets en grammaire ( ludo melis ) book notice : scho / sler , l . and s . kirchmeier - andersen ( 1997 ) studies in valency ii . the pronominal approach applied to danish . ( bart defrancq ) no 9 ( march 1997 ) http : / / bank . rug . ac . be / contragram / newslet9 . html hypotheses on verbs introducing indirect questions ( bart defrancq ) note sur l ' elaboration d ' une petite grammaire contrastive de quatre langues romanes : portugais , espagnol , italien et francais ( andre valli ) contribution de l ' analyse grammaticale et de l ' etude des emplois pour determiner la langue la plus representative parmi le francais , l ' italien , le portugais et l ' espagnol : l ' exemple des formes que ou che dans les relatives et interrogatives ( eric castagne ) book notice : w . van belle and w . van langendonck ( eds . ) the dative : descriptive studies . ( dominique willems )
",0
1840,"Subject: new books from mitwpl : acquisition and processing
 
 new books in acquisition of syntax available from mit working papers in linguistics in 1998 : boster , carol ( 1997 ) . processing and parameter setting in language acquisition : a compuational approach . university of connecticut dissertation . 200 pp . $ 12 . matsuoka , kazumi ( 1998 ) . the acquisition of japanese case particles and the theory of case checking . university of connecticut dissertation . 128 pp . $ 12 . ordering information : http : / / broca . mit . edu / mitwpl . web / wpls . html
",0
1841,"Subject: new book from mitwpl : phonology - syntax interface
 
 new book in phonology available from mit working papers in linguistics in 1998 : truckenbrodt , hubert ( 1995 ) . phonological phrases : their relation to syntax , focus , and prominence . mit dissertation . 194 pages . $ 12 . abstract this thesis investigates what forces relate phonological phrases to the syntactic representation , to focus , and to the representation of prominence . the proposal that is defended is that there is a triangle of syntactic constituency , prosodic constituency , and phrasal prominence , in which the grammar places a simple demand on each pair in the triangle : ( a ) syntactic phrases must be contained in phonological phrases . ( b ) phonological phrases must have edgemost phrasal prominence . ( c ) syntactic phrases must contain phrasal prominence . these demands are taken to interact with one another as ranked and violable constraints , where variation among languages is expressed in terms of constraint reranking . each relation is argued for independently . the effects of ( a ) ( previously analyzed as the role of government in phonological phrasing ) will be investigated on patterns of phrasing in the bantu languages chi mwi : ni , chichewa , and kimatuumbi . the effects of ( b ) , it is argued , can be seen most clearly in the effects of focus on phrasing , where chichewa and japanese will be discussed as examples . the effects of ( c ) , finally , which have been discussed in different contexts as either a directionality parameter of the role of depth of embedding in the assignment of stress , will be argued to have desirable typological consequences that set ( c ) apart from some of its competitors . jointly , the constraints will be seen to derive an end-based typology of the kind familiar from work by lisa selkirk . ordering information : http : / / broca . mit . edu / mitwpl . web / wpls . html
",0
1842,"Subject: negation : syntax , semantics and pragmatics
 
 university of salford , greater manchester , uk european studies research institute north west centre for linguistics first annual international conference negation : syntax , semantics and pragmatics ( organiser : paul rowlett , salford ) friday 30 october to sunday 1 november 1998 faraday house , research & graduate college , university of salford , greater manchester , uk sponsored by : the british academy , the linguistics association of great britain the french embassy in london program ( booking form at the end of this posting ) friday 30 october 1998 8 . 45 - 9 . 15am registration and coffee 9 . 15 - 9 . 30am introduction and welcome 9 . 30-10 . 0am metalinguistic negation in focus , suengho ham , seoul university , korea 10 . 0-10 . 30am focus - induced neg-concord failures , vieri samek - lodovici , university college london , uk 10 . 30-11 . 00am the focusing negative ' mhaih ' in cantonese chinese : a look at contrastive and metalinguistic negation , juliet wai hong , university of texas at austin , usa 11 . 0-11 . 30am coffee 11 . 30am - 12noon compositional , inherent and frozen negation : lexicalism versus functional categories , kazuhiko fukushima , kansai gaidai university , japan 12noon - 1pm keynote lecture negation , saturation and predication , william ladusaw , university of california at santa cruz , usa 1 . 0 - 2 . 0pm lunch 2 . 0 - 2 . 30pm a minimalist approach to the syntax of multiple negation in french , hugues m . peters , university of the west indies , jamaica 2 . 30 - 3 . 0pm negation and the diachrony of features , anna roussou , university of wales , bangor , uk and ian roberts , stuttgart university , germany 3 . 0 - 3 . 30pm a lexical-functional approach to the syntax of negation in french , veronika knueppel , konstanz university , germany 3 . 30 - 4 . 0pm tea 4 . 0 - 4 . 30pm the riddle of n-words in polish : quantificational versus non-quantificational , universal versus existential , joanna blaszczak , humboldt university , berlin , germany 4 . 30 - 5 . 0pm negative polarity items in russian , asya pereltsvaig , mcgill university , montreal , canada 5 . 0 - 5 . 30pm negation in hungarian , john payne and erika chisarik , university of manchester , uk 6 . 0 - 7 . 0pm reception at blackwell 's campus bookshop saturday 31 october 1998 9 . 0 - 9 . 30am coffee 9 . 30-10 . 0am on romance sensitivity to non-veridicality , joao peres , university of lisbon , portugal 10 . 0-10 . 30am ( non - ) occurrence of sentential ' no ' in spanish negative sentences , javier martin - gonzalez , harvard university , usa 10 . 30-11 . 0am negation with [ - neg ] features , marie - therese vinet , sherbrooke university , quebec city , canada 11 . 0-11 . 30am coffee 11 . 30am - 12noon adverbial verb phrases and downwards monotonicity : negativity and the demorgan taxonomist 's dilemma , jay atlas , pomona college , california , usa 12noon - 1 . 0pm keynote lecture details to be confirmed 1 . 0 - 2 . 0pm lunch 2 . 0 - 2 . 30pm negative concord and the scope of universals , anastasia giannakidou , university of amsterdam , the netherlands 2 . 30 - 3 . 0pm procedural marking of propositional attitude in norwegian sentences with a negative ' wh ' - complement , thorsten fretheim , university of trondheim , norway 3 . 0 - 3 . 30pm some problems with the semantics of negation with reference to english and korean , hye - kung lee , university of cambridge , uk 3 . 30 - 4 . 0pm tea 4 . 0 - 4 . 30pm syntactic licensing of negative polarity , patrick a schindler , tuebingen university , germany 4 . 30 - 5 . 0pm the grammatical basis of polarity items , ana maria martins , university of lisbon , portugal 5 . 0 - 5 . 30pm the bi-polarity of ' any ' , lucia tovena , institute of scientific & technological research , trento , italy and jacques jayez , ecole des hautes etudes en sciences sociales , paris , france 5 . 30 - 6 . 30pm european studies research institute wine reception 8 . 0pm conference dinner ( manchester ) sunday 1 november 1998 9 . 0 - 9 . 30am coffee 9 . 30-10 . 0am focus particles in negative polarity in hindi , sharavan vasishth , ohio state university , usa 10 . 0-10 . 30am two types of negation in bengali , gillian ramchand , oxford university , uk 10 . 30-11 . 0am the syntax of negation and ov in late middle english , richard ingham , university of reading , uk 11 . 0-11 . 30am coffee 11 . 30-12 noon blocking effects in the expression of negation , jacob hoeksema , university of groningen , the netherlands 12noon - 1pm keynote lecture verb movement , tense and negation in west flemish , liliane haegeman , university of geneva , switzerland 1 . 0 - 2 . 0pm lunch 2 . 0 - 2 . 30pm negative polarity , modality and the comparative : a parametric approach , nathalie schapansky , simon fraser university , british colombia , canada 2 . 30 - 3 . 0pm negation and the acquisition of 's trong ' indefinites , irene kraemer , max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen , the netherlands 3 . 0 - 3 . 30pm head - movement in negation in english , annabel cormack and neil smith , university college london , uk 3 . 30 - 4 . 0pm tea alternates how many types of npi are there ? evidence from korean and english , chungmin lee , seoul national university , korea negative chains and operator movement , rita bhandari , suny , usa grammaticalization in progress : the development of a negative focus particle , ton van der wouden , universities of groningen & leiden , the netherlands negative constituent licensing in a negative concord language , nedzad leko , university of oslo , norway welsh negation , robert d borsley , university of wales , bangor , uk and bob morris - jones , university of wales , aberystwyth , uk - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - for bookings , please print out the registration form below , fill it in and return it with full conference fee to the address given . please note closing date for bookings : 9 october 1998 . university of salford , greater manchester , uk european studies research institute north west centre for linguistics first annual international conference negation : syntax , semantics and pragmatics ( organiser : paul rowlett , salford ) friday 30 october to sunday 1 november 1998 faraday house , research & graduate college , university of salford , greater manchester , uk sponsored by : the british academy , the linguistics association of great britain the french embassy in london registration form to arrive before friday 9 october 1998 title : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ surname : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name ( s ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postcode / zipcode : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ daytime telephone number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration fee : gbp60 . 00 ( gbp30 . 00 for students ) includes all refreshments , buffet lunches and wine reception subtotal : gbp _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ saturday 31 october 1998 conference dinner : gbp16 . 00 subtotal : gbp _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ are you vegetarian ? yes / no please provide details of any specific dietary requirements : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total payment : gbp _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cheques should be made payable to ' the university of salford ' in sterling only . an official receipt will be sent once registration forms and cheques have been received . please send completed registration forms and cheques to : miss wendy pickles , esri conference administrator , university of salford , crescent house , the crescent , salford , greater manchester m5 4wt , uk . telephone : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 5275 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 5223 e - mail : w . pickles @ esri . salford . ac . uk closing date for registration : friday 9 october 1998 dr paul rowlett department of modern languages extension 54131 fax 55335
",0
1843,"Subject: functions of language 5 . 1
 
 for your information : functions of language 5 . 1 : articles m . a . k . halliday : on the grammar of pain jay l . lemke : resources for attitudinal meaning : evaluative orientations in text semantics robert veltman : the silence of the words : duality of patterning as a natural relation , not a barrier robert de beaugrande : on the ' usefulness ' and ' validity ' in the theory and practice of linguistics : a riposte to h . g . widdowson reviews gill francis , susan hunston and elizabeth manning ( eds . ) collins cobuild grammar patterns i : verbs ( kristin davidse ) ; mohsen ghadessy ( ed . ) thematic development in english texts ( louise ravelli ) ; roy harris . the language connection : philosophy and linguistics ( chris bulcaen ) ; paul j . thibault . re - reading saussure : the dynamics of signs in social life ( rick iedema ) ; michael toolan . total speech : an integrational linguistic approach in language ( geoff thompson ) ; christian touratier . le systme verbal franais . description morphologique et morphmatique ( chris gledhill ) ; leo wanner ( ed . ) lexical functions in lexicography and natural language processing ( laura proctor ) . please note that a new functions of language homepage is now located at : http : / / bank . rug . ac . be / mt / fol / on editorial matters , you can contact : kristin . davidse @ arts . kuleuven . ac . be , william . mcgregor @ arts . kuleuven . ac . be , annemarie . vandenbergen @ rug . ac . be , or miriam . taverniers @ rug . ac . be ; or you can visit the functions of language homepage . for ordering information , visit the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . nl or contact anke delooper : delooper @ benjamins . nl
",0
1844,"Subject: lexical semantic tagging
 
 lexical semantic tagging a special issue of the journal of natural language engineering guest editors : marc light and martha palmer call for papers note : deadline for submissions is november 1st , 1998 computing semantic representations is crucial for many applications of natural language processing . currently , semantic lexicons and sets of semantic composition rules are hand-crafted by the designers of the nlp system . the difficulty of building such hand-crafted semantic knowledge bases has limited the field of nlp to applications that can be contained within well-defined subdomains . the likely escape from this limitation will come from the use of automated or semi-automated methods of lexical acquisition . however , the field has yet to develop a clear consensus on a computational lexicon that could provide a springboard for such methods . one of the most controversial areas has to do with polysemy : what constitutes a clear separation into senses of a word , and how can they be computationally characterized and distinguished ? the answer to this question is critical to breaking the bottleneck of broad coverage semantic representation computation . a first step towards finding an answer lies in acquiring annotated corpora that will facilitate the use of empirical methods . the topic of this special issue is tagging word tokens in corpora with lexical semantic information . a concrete example of such tagging would be specifying the sense of an ambiguous word , like { \ em bank } , being used in a particular sentence in a corpus . lexical semantic tagging is critical to extending reliable co-reference for information extraction tasks , to widening the scope of responses to information retrieval queries , to more robust dialogue understanding , and to machine translation . in machine translation in particular , it is often necessary to disambiguate a polysemous source word in order to translate it correctly , since the target language may have distinct lexical items for different senses . we solicit articles which either : ( i ) discuss the characteristics of information to be tagged and how human tagging ( hand-tagging ) can be performed so as to maximize accuracy . such articles should concentrate on the specification of the task and also deal with issues in providing sufficient quantities of accurate and diverse hand-tagged data for the automatic approaches . ( ii ) discuss attempts to develop automated methods and their operation and performance . these articles should describe actual running systems and their design and implementation . we are particularly interested in discussions of lexical semantic tagging methods which are part of actual applications . format : in the interest of providing more coverage , we will be considering papers that are somewhat shorter than traditional journal papers . this would allow us to accept a maximum of 9 articles given an average length of 10 pages . schedule : november 1st , 1998 : submission deadline february 15th , 1999 : notification of acceptance please send submissions to : martha palmer institute for research in cognitive science 400a , 3401 walnut street / 6228 university of pennsylvania philadlephia , pa 19104 telephone : ( 215 ) 898-0361 fax no . : ( 215 ) 573-9247 e-mail : mpalmer @ cis . upenn . edu
",0
1845,"Subject: special issue of cl journal - finite state methods in nlp
 
 call for papers computational linguistics special issue on finite state methods in natural language processing recent years has seen a substantial increase in the use of finite state techniques in many aspects of natural language processing as mature tools for building large scale finite-state systems from various research laboratories and universities become available . this trend was by no means foreseen as late as ten years ago given the well-known demonstration by noam chomsky in 1957 that finite-state methods are inherently incapable of representing the full richness of constructions in a natural language . nevertheless , it is evident now that there are many subsets of natural language that are adequately covered by finite-state means and that there are many other areas where finite-state approximations of more powerful formalisms are of great practical benefit . as a follow-up to the fsmnlp ' 98 , international workshop on finite state methods in natural language processing , it was proposed that a collection of papers in this area be published as a special issue of the computational linguistics journal . we would to encourage authors of the papers presented at this workshop , as well as all others who would like to contribute , to submit full versions of their papers for consideration for this special issue . guest editors : lauri karttunen ( xerox research centre europe , france ) kemal oflazer ( bilkent university , turkey ) guest editorial board eric brill ( johns hopkins university , md , usa ) eva ejerhed ( umea university , sweden ) ronald m . kaplan ( xerox palo alto research center , ca , usa ) martin kay ( xerox palo alto research center , ca , usa ) george kiraz ( bell laboratories , nj , usa ) andrs kornai ( bbn , ma , usa ) mehryar mohri ( at&t labs research , nj , usa ) mark - jan nederhof ( dfki , germany ) atro voutilainen ( university of helsinki , finland ) submission details please submit 6 copies of your hard-copy manuscript to lauri karttunen xerox research centre europe 6 chemin de maupertuis meylan , 38240 , france by monday , october 19 , 1998 . the format of the submission should follow the general submission requirements of the journal . manuscripts for computational linguistics should be submitted on letter-size paper ( 8 . 5 by 11 inches , or a4 ) , double-spaced throughout , including footnotes and references . the paper should begin with an informative abstract of approximately 150-250 words . manuscripts must be written in english .
",0
1846,"Subject: tls 1997 conference procedings
 
 the proceedings of the 1997 conference of the texas linguistics society ( the syntax and semantics of predication ) is now available for purchase . the cost for the volume is $ 12 . 00 . please make checks payable to the university of texas at austin . please make payment in us dollars . postage and handling have been included in the price shown . send payment to : texas linguistic forum department of linguistics the university of texas at austin austin , tx 78712-1196 a table of contents is provided below : interfacing syntax and semantics : the predication of possession , nancy mae antrium predicative structures of nominals in hpsg , toni badia subjects , predicates , and floating quantifiers , ralph c . blight a binary analysis of resultatives , john bowers light verb constructions , trp , and multiple feature checking theory , eun cho predication times in st ' at ' imcets salish , hamida demirdache the role of predication in the licensing of purposive adjuncts , manuel espanol - echevarria a modality view of predicate selection in small clauses , fransisco gonzalvez garcia thetic / categorical predication and the semantics of existential quantifiers , javier gutierrez - rexach optional scrambling and predication , helen de hoop on the so - called adjunct predicates in korean , youngjun jang obligatory adjuncts , yunsun jung np predicates , dalina kallulli a crosslinguistic perspective on resultative formation , soowon kim and joan maling french relative clauses as secondary predicates , knud lambrecht strange resultatives in german : new evidence for a semantic treatment , anke ludeling the structure of cleft and pseudo - cleft sentences , andre meinunger verbal negation and complex predicate formation in polish , adam przepiorkowski and anna kupsc the role of case checking in encoding semantic presuppositions , lisa reed predicational ' be ' , susan rothstein two pronominal copulas and the syntax of non - verbal predication in hebrew , ivy sichel resultative predicates and control , stephen wechsler the asymmetry of predication , edwin williams - ralph c . blight department of linguistics , the university of texas at austin http : / / ccwf . cc . utexas . edu / ~ gizzmo / index . html
",0
1847,"Subject: konvens98
 
 konvens 98 computer , linguistik und phonetik zwischen sprache und sprechen - computers , linguistics , and phonetics between language and speech 4 . konferenz zur verarbeitung natuerlicher sprache - 4th conference on natural language processing oct . 5 - 7 , 1998 , university of bonn , germany http : / / www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / konvens98 organized by : gesellschaft fuer linguistische datenverarbeitung ( gldv ) ( responsible in 1998 ) deutsche gesellschaft fuer sprachwissenschaft ( dgfs ) gesellschaft fuer informatik ( gi ) , fa 1 . 3 "" natuerliche sprache "" informationstechnische gesellschaft / deutsche gesellschaft fuer akustik ( itg / dega ) oesterreichische gesellschaft fuer artificial intelligence ( oegai ) call for participation subjects of the conference are all areas of language processing dealing with language in its written or spoken form . special attention will be paid to approaches focussing on the structural and the phonological / phonetic aspects of computer-aided / based language research and aimed at bridging the gap between both aspects . conference languages are german and english . programme * * * monday , oct . , 5 1998 9 : 00 a . m . - 1 : 00 p . m . tutorials : christian otto : sprachtechnologie fuer das internet thomas portele , bernhard schroeder : fokus aus prosodischer und semantischer sicht 2 : 00 p . m . opening 2 : 30 - 4 : 00 p . m . section 1 : prosody kai alter , k . steinhauer , a . d . friederici , j . matiasek , h . pirker : exploiting syntactic dependencies for german prosody : evidence from speech production and perception erhard rank , hannes pirker : realization of prosody in a speech synthesizer for german maria wolters , petra wagner : focus perception and prominence 2 : 30 - 4 : 00 p . m . workshop : evaluation of the linguistic performance of commercial machine translation systems part 1 : results of the evaluation of commercial machine translation systems rita nuebel , uta seewald : zur relevanz linguistisch orientierter evaluationen grundlagen des vom ak "" maschinelle uebersetzung "" der gldv initiierten evaluationsverfahrens stephan mehl , martin volk : zur problematik der maschinellen uebersetzung von nebensaetzen zwischen den sprachen englisch und deutsch ulrike ulrich : probleme bei der maschinellen uebersetzung mit domaenentypischen sprachlichen phaenomenen von appellativen texten mit kommerzieller intention ( internetseiten der hotelbranche ) 4 : 15 - 4 : 45 p . m . workshop : part 1 ( continued ) rita nuebel : phaenomenspezifische evaluation maschineller uebersetzung am beispiel von koordinationen workshop part 2 : methods and tools of mt evaluation judith klein , sabine lehmann : mue - evaluation mit diet joerg schuetz : blueprint : evaluation im usability lab 4 : 30 - 5 : 45 p . m . section 2 : grammar engineering brigitte krenn : a representation scheme and database for german support - verb constructions jonas kuhn : towards data - intensive testing and applications of a broad coverage lfg grammar partial target specifications as a filter on parser output stefan mehl , hagen langer , martin volk : statistische verfahren zur zuordnung von praepositionalphrasen 6 : 00 p . m . plenary session manfred pinkal : von der sprachphilosophie zur sprachtechnologie stand und perspektiven der semantischen verarbeitung 7 : 30 p . m . reception * * * tuesday , oct . , 6 1998 09 : 0010 : 30 a . m . section 3 : speech recognition / synthesis thomas portele : grapheme to phoneme conversion for speech synthesis tanja schultz , alex waibel : das projekt globalphone : multilinguale spracherkennung christian - m . westendorf , m . wolff : automatische generierung von aussprachewoerterbuechern aus signaldaten 09 : 0010 : 30 a . m . workshop part 3 : results of the evaluation of commercial machine translation systems uta seewald : textsortenspezifische evaluation maschineller uebersetzung am beispiel von instruktionstexten martin volk : probleme bei der maschinellen uebersetzung von idiomatischen wendungen jutta marx : bewertung von mt - systemen aus benutzersicht : evaluierung im projekt miroslav 11 : 00 a . m . - 12 : 00 plenary session gerrit bloothooft : a european masters in language and speech 12 : 00 - 1 : 00 p . m . presentation of posters posters see below 2 : 00 - 3 : 00 p . m . section 4 : parsing hagen langer : experimente mit verallgemeinerten lookahead - algorithmen stefan riezler : statistical inference and probabilistic modeling for constraint - based nlp 2 : 003 : 00 p . m . workshop part 4 : reports from industrial users carmen andres lange : erfahrungen mit logos ursula bernhard : bemerkungen zur evaluation maschineller uebersetzungssysteme aus anwendersicht 3 : 305 : 00 p . m . section 5 : dialogue and semantics bernd ludwig , guenther goerz , heinrich niemann : user models , dialog structure , and intentions in spoken dialog manfred stede , stefan haas , uwe kuessner : understanding and tracking temporal descriptions in dialogue bernhard schroeder : unifikation hoeherer ordnung und strikte syntaktische abhaengigkeit 3 : 306 : 00 p . m . workshop teil 5 : evaluation from provider and user perspective margaret king : evaluation design : the eagles framework juergen kinscher : vor - und nachteile elektronischer uebersetzungshilfen und uebersetzungsprogramme , von der textbausteinsammlung bis zur automatischen voll | bersetzung hans haller : maschinelle ( roh - ) uebersetzung als vorlage bei einer fachtextuebersetzung : bericht | ber ein experiment rita nuebel , uta seewald : resuemee und ausblick auf weitere evaluationsaktivitaeten * * * wednesday , oct . , 7 1998 9 : 0010 : 30 a . m . section 6 : grammar and tagging kordula de kuthy , walt detmar meurers : reducing the complexity of a theory of unbounded dependencies : evidence against remnant movement in german stefan langer : zur morphologie und semantik von nominalkomposita martin volk , gerold schneider : comparing a statistical and a rule - based tagger for german 9 : 0010 : 30 a . m . section 7 : translation and generation munpyo hong : treating the multiple - subject construction in a constraint - based mt - system juergen wedekind : probleme der ambiguitaetserhaltenden generierung 11 : 00 a . m . 12 : 00 section 8 : phonetics and psycholinguistics reinhard rapp : das kontiguitaetsprinzip und die simulation des assoziierens auf mehrere stimuluswoerter adrian p . simpson : characterizing the formant movements of german dipthongs in spontaneous speech 11 : 00 a . m . - 12 : 00 section 9 : information retrieval michael hess : antwortextraktion ueber beschraenkten bereichen t . kemp , m . weber , p . geutner , j . guertler , p . scheytt , m . schmidt , b . tomaz , m . westphal : automatische erstellung einer video - datenbank : das view4you - system 12 . 00 ( noon ) plenary session helmut schnelle : sprache im gehirn 13 . 00 p . m . closing session posters istvan s . batori , krisztian nimeth , holger puttkammer : lautreprdsentation in etymologischen wvrterb | chern anhand der uralischen etymologischen datenbasis gregor buechel : ein www - gef | hrtes system zur datenbankgestuetzten segmentierung von satzteilen und zur analyse praepositionaler phrasen karl ulrich goecke , jan - torsten milde : situations - und aktionsbeschreibungen durch einen teilautonomen montageroboter johannes heinecke , ingo schroeder : multilevel representation of the robust analysis of language alexandra klein , matthias e . koelln , soenke ziesche : towards generating dialogue contributions under resource constraints jacques koreman , bistra andreeva , william j . barry : die abbildung akustischer parameter auf phonetische merkmale in der automatischen spracherkennung doris muecke : cmc : prosodische und extralinguistische notationsformen in textbasierten konferenzsystemen sandro pedrazzini , pius ten hacken : centralized lexeme management and distributed dictionary use in word manager barbertje streefkerk , louis c . w . pols : prominence in read aloud dutch sentences as marked by naive listeners petra wagner : mutual constraints at the phonetics - phonology - interface local organizers prof . dr . wolfgang hess prof . dr . winfried lenders dr . thomas portele dr . bernhard schroeder programme committee dr . ernst buchberger , wien ( oegai ) dr . stefan busemann , saarbruecken ( gi ) prof . dr . dafydd gibbon , bielefeld ( dgfs ) prof . dr . wolfgang hoeppner , duisburg ( gi ) prof . dr . roland hausser , erlangen ( gldv ) prof . dr . wolfgang hess , bonn ( itg / dega ) prof . dr . r . hoffmann , dresden ( itg / dega ) dr . tibor kiss , heidelberg ( dgfs ) prof . dr . winfried lenders , bonn ( gldv ) dr . harald trost ( oegai ) conference office gisela von neffe institut fuer kommunikationsforschung und phonetik der universitaet bonn poppelsdorfer allee 47 d-53115 bonn internet : http / / : www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / konvens98 / index . en . html email : konvens98 @ uni-bonn . de phone : + 49-228 - 735638 fax : + 49-228 - 735639 location konvens 98 will take place at the university of bonn 's central building , which is situated in the city 's centre , in walking distance from the main railway station . world wide web http : / / www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / konvens98
",0
1848,"Subject: iceis 99 call for papers
 
 iceis ' 99 - announcement and call for papers . 1st international conference on enterprise information systems 27 - 30 march , 1999 . setubal , portugal scope the international conference on enterprise information systems ( iceis ) aims at becoming a major point of contact between research scientists , engineers and practitioners on the area of business applications of information systems . four simultaneous tracks will be held , covering all different aspects related to enterprise computing , including database applications , artificial intelligence applications , decision support systems , systems analysis and specification , software engineering , methodologies to address information and knowledge sharing issues and internet / intranet computing . iceis focuses on real world applications therefore authors should highlight the benefits of information technology for industry and services . ideas on how to solve business problems , using it , will arise from the conference . papers describing advanced prototypes , systems , tools and techniques and general survey papers indicating future directions are also encouraged . papers describing original work are invited in any of the areas listed below . accepted papers , presented at the conference by one of the authors , will be published in the proceedings of iceis . acceptance will be based on quality , relevance and originality . there will be both oral and poster sessions . special sessions , dedicated to case-studies and commercial presentations , as well as technical tutorials , dedicated to technical / scientific topics , are also envisaged : companies interested in presenting their products / methodologies or researchers interested in lecturing a tutorial are invited to contact the conference secretariat . topic areas / conference tracks area 1 . database technology and its applications area 2 . artificial intelligence and decision support systems area 3 . systems analysis and specification area 4 . internet and intranet computing each of these coonference tracks is expanded in the conference 's web page at : http : / / www . est . ips . pt / iceis program committee agostinho rosa ist / technical university of lisboa ( pt ) alfred ultsch university of marburg ( de ) altamiro machado university of minho - polo de guimaraes ( pt ) ana fred ist / technical university of lisboa ( pt ) antonio figueiredo university of coimbra ( pt ) bernadette sharp university of stafford ( uk ) carlos belo ist / technical university of lisboa ( pt ) carlos zorrinho university of evora ( pt ) colin theaker university of stafford ( uk ) edmundo madeira university of campinas ( br ) edmundo monteiro university of coimbra ( pt ) ernesto costa university of coimbra ( pt ) fernando boavida university of coimbra ( pt ) fernando moura pires new university of lisboa ( pt ) gabriel pereira lopes new university of lisboa ( pt ) helder coelho university of lisboa ( pt ) henrique madeira university of coimbra ( pt ) j . legatheaux martins new university of lisboa ( pt ) joao alvaro carvalho university of minho - polo de guimaraes ( pt ) joao gabriel university of coimbra ( pt ) kecheng liu university of stafford ( uk ) manuela veloso carnegie mellon university ( us ) mark s . fox university of toronto ( ca ) matti linna vaasa institute of technology ( fi ) nuno mamede ist / technical university of lisboa ( pt ) patrice dehais university of gent ( be ) paulo ferreira ist / technical university of lisboa ( pt ) pedro veiga university of lisboa ( pt ) rita loogen university of marburg ( de ) ronald stamper university of twente ( nl ) slimone hammondi university of minho - polo de guimaraes ( pt ) zahir tari university of melbourne ( au ) therese libourel lirmm - montpellier ( fr ) thomas norgall university of erlangen ( de ) thomas penzel university of marburg ( de ) = 20 vasco freitas university of minho - polo de braga ( pt ) invited speakers invited speakers , experts in their fields , either from academia or from industry , belonging to internationally recognised institutions , will present key lectures at the opening of each conference track . at the moment the presence of professor mark fox , professor ronald stamper and professor tom greene are already confirmed . case-study sessions business consulting companies , hardware and software manufacturers and business companies in general are invited to submit case studies , regarding their own information technology problems and solutions . for this purpose , iceis will have a track of case-study sessions and company presentation sessions . the attendance to these sessions is free for all the conference participants . all case studies should be submitted by email to the iceis secretariat . a number of invited case-study sessions is already scheduled . tutorials any person interested in organising a tutorial should contact the secretariat before november 1 , 1998 . proposals for half-day tutorials ( approx . 3 hours ) should include the topic and scope of the tutorial , the expected background knowledge of the participants , and a resume of the instructor ( s ) . exhibition the conference site will have an area for company stands , where a number of companies will present themselves and their products . companies interested in presenting their products , showing documentation about them or demonstrating some application , are invited to contact the secretariat and make a reservation for a booth located at the conference site . due to the limited number of stands available it is recommended to make early reservations . in addition , there is a 50 % discount in space prices for reservations made before september 30 , 1998 . prices and available spaces will be provided by the iceis secretariat . location the conference will be held in setubal , a town 50 - km south of lisboa , the portuguese capital . setubal and its surroundings are a major touristic place , in portugal , where the visitor can find anything from ancient historical areas , in palmela , to pleasurable beaches and modern golf courses , in troia . submission of abstracts for more information about submission of abstracts , please visit the conference 's web page : http : / / www . est . ips . pt / iceis or contact de secretariat ( address below ) . best student paper award an award of us $ 1 , 000 ( one thousand us dollars ) will be given to the best paper presented by a student ( graduate , m . sc or ph . d ) . the organising committee will decide , based on the feedback provided by the program committee . to qualify for the best student paper award , the student , besides being one of the authors , must present the paper at the conference site . local arrangements inquiries concerning hotel reservation and touristic aspects can be directed to the local touristic agent ( address below ) . the local specialised travel agency will make all arrangements . transportation facilities are available from the lisboa international airport to the hotel in setubal , for all reservations made through this travel agency . local touristic programs , for accompanying attendants are also available through the agency . the conference site will be approximately 5 km away from the town centre , therefore free transportation between a number of hotels and the conference site will be provided by the conference organisation , during the conference days . coffee breaks and lunch meals will be provided at the conference site , for conference participants . local touristic agent name : expansao contact person : mr . francisco daniel tel : 351 65 528805 fax : 351 65 21684 e - mail : iceis @ est . ips . pt important dates extended abstract submission : october 21 , 1998 . acceptance notification : december 15 , 1998 . early registration deadline : january 1 , 1999 . full paper camera-ready version : january 20 , 1999 . event date : march 27-30 , 1999 . sponsored by ibm - international business machines icep - investimentos , comercio e turismo de portugal cgd - caixa geral de depositos autoeuropa rtca - regiao de turismo da costa azul esce / ips - escola superior de ciencias empresariais / ips unesul - associacao universidade empresas do sul organisation secretariat this conference is organised by the school of technology of the polytechnic institute of setubal est / ips in collaboration with the portuguese association for informatics api any inquiries should be addressed to the secretariat below , preferably by email . iceis secretariat escola superior de tecnologia / ips rua vale chaves - estefanilha , 2910 setubal portugal tel . : 351 65 79 00 00 fax : 351 65 721 869 email : iceis @ est . ips . pt web site : http : / / www . est . ips . pt / iceis
",0
1849,"Subject: ila conference call for papers
 
 first call for papers 44th annual conference , international linguistic association april 16-18 , 1999 , new york university , ny , ny major theme : gender & language while papers on the major theme are especially solicited , abstracts on any subject in theoretical and applied linguistics are welcomed . one - page , single-spaced , anonymous abstracts should clearly state the problems addressed , or research quetions , and some indication of results or conclusions . send via e-mail to the conference chair . simultaneously , send 3 hard , camera-ready coies , plus a 3x5 card bearing name , title of paper , addresses , affiliation , audio-visual equipment needed and time desired ( maximum 20 minutes plus discussion ) to the conference secretary . submissions on diskettes will not be accepted . those wishing to propose panels , or special sessions , etc . , should contact the conference chair . deadline for recept of abstracts is january 4 , 1999 . send e-mail to the chair : hard copies & card to the secretary : deakins @ frontier . wilpaterson . edu johanna j . woltjer prof . alice h . deakins 522 west 112 st . english dept . new york , ny 10025 william paterson university ( 212 ) 749-3366 wayne , nj 07470 ( 973 ) 720-2582
",0
1850,"Subject: proceedings gasla
 
 proceedings of the 1997 generative approaches to second language acquisition conference a special issue ( vol . 13 , no . 1 & 2 ) of the mcgill working papers in linguistics / cahiers linguistiques de mcgill ( mcgwpl ) we are pleased to announce that the gasla special issue of the mcgill working papers in linguistics / cahiers linguistiques de mcgill is now available . this issue includes 21 papers from the 3rd generative approaches to second language acquisition ( gasla ) conference held at mcgill university in 1997 . the papers figuring in this volume deal with a variety of topics in the second language acquisition of syntax , morphology , and phonology . also included are the two plenary papers delivered by margaret thomas and claire lefebvre . to order your copy , please send $ 15 to the address below . mcgill working paper in linguistics c / o department of linguistics mcgill university 1001 sherbrooke street west rm 584 montreal , qc h3a 1g5 tel : ( 514 ) 398-4222 fax : ( 514 ) 398-7088 e-mail : yrose @ po-box . mcgill . ca jsteel1 @ po-box . mcgill . ca
",0
1851,"Subject: book : ferdinand de saussure - "" curs de lingvistica generala ""
 
 ferdinand de saussure - "" curs de lingvistica generala "" , translated by laura and radu daniliuc isbn 973-98610 - 4 - 0 , pub . date : 07 / 15 / 98 cuvintul nostru publishing house , pb , 200 pp . , 24 . 99 $ there is absolutely no need today to present the book f . de saussure - "" course of general linguistics "" . this is the first complete romanian translation of the "" bible "" of the structuralism movement ( greenberg , 1977 ) , a book accompanied by a biographical file , names and terms indexes , with an introduction signed by john holm . the translation is very close to the original course , the translators providing explanatory footnotes when considered to be necessary . for more details and orders contact : srdan @ assist . cccis . ro phone : + 40-92 - 739 577 fax : + 40-30 - 210 271 ( call first )
",0
1852,"Subject: sky 1997 yearbook of the linguistic association of finland
 
 sky 1997 ( the yearbook of the linguistic association of finland ) ( ed . by timo haukioja , marja - liisa helasvuo and matti miestamo , 188 pp . ) is now available ! table of contents : scott delancey : what an innatist argument should look like geoffrey k . pullum & barbara c . scholz : theoretical linguistics and the ontology of linguistic structure esa itkonen : the social ontology of linguistic meaning urpo nikanne : lexical conceptual structure and syntactic arguments esa penttil \ 196 : holistic meaning and cognition jarno raukko : the status of polysemy in linguistics : from discrete meanings to default flexibility anna solin : debating theoretical assumptions : readings of critical linguistics ( price usd 20 / fim 100 plus shipping & handling ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * also available : sky 1996 ( ed . by timo haukioja , marja - liisa helasvuo and elise ka "" rkka "" inen , 176 pp . ) marja-liisa helasvuo : a discourse perspective on the grammaticization of the partitive case in finnish tuomas huumo : on the semantic function of domain instrumentals esa itkonen : is there a ' computational paradigm ' within linguistics ? ritva laury : pronouns and adverbs , figure and ground : the local case forms and locative forms of the finnish demonstratives in spoken discourse arja piirainen-marsh : face and the organization of intercultural interaction eeva-leena seppa "" nen : ways of referring to a knowing co - participant in finnish conversation sky 1995 ( ed . by tapio hokkanen , marja leinonen and susanna shore , 208 pp . ) general section : tuomas huumo : bound domains : a semantic constraint on existentials tarja riitta heinonen : null subjects in finnish : from either - or to more - or - less lea laitinen : metonymy and the grammaticalization of necessity in finnish merja koskela : variation of thematic structure within a text maija gro "" nholm : wo "" rter und formen in finnischen als zweitsprache : wachsen sie hand in hand ? esa penttila "" : linguistic holism with special reference to donald davidson squibs and discussion : esa itkonen : a note on explaning language change martti nyman : on dialect split and random change sky 1994 ( ed . by susanna shore and maria vilkuna , 192 pp . ) john harris & geoff lindsey : segmental decomposition and the signal harry van der hulst : an introduction to radical cv phonology pirkko kukkonen : consonant harmony markku filppula & anneli sarhimaa : cross - linguistic syntactic parallels and contact - induced change marja leinonen : interpreting the perfect : the past as explanation martti nyman : all you need is what the system needs ? sky 1993 ( ed . by susanna shore and maria vilkuna , 272 pp . ) general section : deirdre wilson & dan sperber : pragmatics and time laurence r . horn : economy and redundancy in a dualistic model of natural language lauri carlson : dialogue games with finnish clitics maria vilkuna : finnish juuri and just : varieties of contextual uniqueness knud lambrecht : c ' est pas con comme idee - the syntax of non - focal predicate nominals in spoken french auli hakulinen : the grammar of opening routines pirkko nuolija "" rvi : interacting in an institutional setting susanna shore : a functional and social - semiotic perspective on language , context and text news reporting , world crises , and ideology : jan-ola o "" stman : introduction anna-mari ma "" kela "" : functional ambivalence in headlines in the sun and the independent jaana po "" ppo "" nen & pirjo-liisa st @ hlberg : whose war is it ? the hidden ideology of the persian gulf war pa "" ivi autio : source indication as a persuasive strategy in news reporting heli huttunen : pragmatic functions of the agentless passive in news reports of the 1990 helsinki summit tomi palo : metaphors they live by : metaphorical expressions in the context of the soviet crisis 1991 discussion and squibs : martti nyman : mental strain and abstract characterization timo haukioja : language , parameters , and natural selection . ( price of the earlier editions : usd 15 / fim 70 plus shipping&handling ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * for orders , please contact : bookstore tiedekirja address : kirkkokatu 14 , fin-00170 helsinki , finland tel . + 358 9 635177 fax + 358 9 635017 e-mail tiedekirja @ pp . kolumbus . fi for further information , please contact : the linguistic association of finland c / o general linguistics pl 4 00014 university of helsinki finland or by e-mail : meri . larjavaara @ helsinki . fi visit our www - pages at http : / / www . ling . helsinki . fi / sky / ( tilaukset suomesta suoraan sky : sta "" ) ( "" stands for two dots on the preceding vowel , @ stands for ' a swedish o ' , an ' a ' with a small circle on it . )
",0
1853,"Subject: special offer : eu workshop
 
 * esslli 98 novelty * for the first time the european summer school in logic , language and information to be held from august 17 - 28 , 1998 in saarbruecken , germany , offers a special eu workshop : "" preparation and management of eu - funded projects "" transnational r&d funded by the european commission has become one of the foremost sources for advanced technology and application development in information technology . for the participating research centers such projects offer a unique opportunity for joint r&d in international consortia bringing together partners from industry , academia , contract research , and public administration . our workshop will provide the participants with information , advice and guidelines for the definition , application and management of eu - projects , both on the administrative and technical level . we will discuss concrete questions concerning available funding programmes , hints for finding or building consortia , advice on the structuring of projects , rules for handling many types of forms , and an overview of relevant financial regulations . a special section will be dedicated to a preview of upcoming opportunities and challenges in the fifth framework program ( first call for proposals in january 1999 ) . the speakers of the workshop are highly experienced managers of eu - projects and a representative of the eu language engineering programme , giovanni b . varile , dg xiii of the european commission . there is no extra charge for this workshop once you have registered for esslli 98 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * do n't miss our big esslli 10th anniversary party on friday , august 21 , with life music and surprises and other social gatherings . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * hope to see you in august ! best regards , hans uszkoreit p . s . for further information on esslli 98 and the eu workshop please check the following homepage : http : / / www . coli . uni-sb . de / esslli / or contact sabine klingner , esslli 98 organization : klingner @ dfki . de * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * registration is still possible until august 16 , 1998 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ german research center for artificial intelligence ( dfki ) & univ . of saarbruecken , dept . of computational linguistics d-66123 saarbruecken , germany www : http : / / coli . uni-sb . de / ~ hansu / univ . phone + 49 ( 681 ) 302-4115 fax + 49 ( 681 ) 302-4700 dfki phone + 49 ( 681 ) 302-5282 fax + 49 ( 681 ) 302-5338 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ k
",0
1854,"Subject: twlt 14 : twente workshop on language technology
 
 14th twente workshop on language technology language technology in multimedia information retrieval december 7 - 8 1998 , university of twente , the netherlands first announcement on 7 and 8 december 1998 , the fourteenth international twente workshop on language technology ( twlt14 ) will take place at the university of twente , enschede , the netherlands . the topic of this workshop will be "" language technology in multimedia information retrieval "" twlt14 will focus on the increasingly important role of human language technology in the indexing and accessing of written and spoken documents , video material and / or images , and on the role of language technology for cross-language retrieval and information extraction . the workshop will address the role of language and speech processing both in terms of existing approaches and implementations , in terms of theoretical foundations , and / or emerging directions of research . some 15-19 presentations by people with various backgrounds will be scheduled . proceedings will be available at the workshop . among the invited speakers are : - karen sparck jones ( cambridge , uk ) - hans uszkoreit ( dfki , germany ) - david hull ( xerox , grenoble , france ) - doug appelt ( sri interational , usa ) - arnold smeulders ( amsterdam , nl ) twlt14 is organised in cooperation with the parlevink - project of the university of twente by : klaus netter - dfki , germany email : netter @ dfki . de franciska de jong - university of twente , computer science department , email : fdejong @ cs . utwente . nl djoerd hiemstra - university of twente , computer science department , email : hiemstra @ cs . utwente . nl a full programme will be available in september and will be announced on : http : / / wwwseti . cs . utwente . nl / parlevink / conferences / twlt14 . html for further information please contact the organisers , preferably by email , or otherwise via the workshop secretariat : department of computer science / parlevink university of twente phone : + 31 53 893680 p . o . box 217 , fax : + 31 53 315283 7500 ae enschede the netherlands
",0
1855,"Subject: sociolinguistics & anthropological linguistics
 
 codes and consequences : choosing linguistic varieties edited by carol myers - scotton , university of south carolina carol myers - scotton has edited a collection of essays that covers the choice of one style of english over another in everything from bible translations to "" surprise in poetry "" to supervisor-worker interactions on the automobile assembly line . an important theme developed to varying degrees in these papers is the notion that speakers and writers , as rational actors , exploit the unmarked-marked opposition regarding audience expectations so as to convey messages of intentionality charged with social or psychological import . august 1998 232 pp . ; 4 linecuts 0-19 - 511523 - 6 paper $ 24 . 95 0-19 - 511522 - 8 cloth $ 49 . 95 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
",0
1856,"Subject: glot international 3 - 4
 
 table of contents glot international 3 - 4 editors : lisa l . s . cheng and rint sybesma < mail to : glot @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl > < http : / / www . hag . nl / glot . htm > state - of-the - article : henriette de swart on "" three approaches to discourse and donkey anaphora "" "" once we agree that we need to talk about meaning beyond the sentence level , the question arises how we can build a semantic theory that takes discourse as the basic unit of interpretation . "" column : recent issues in linguistics elan dresher on "" communicating modality "" "" let 's hope that quantificational modality does not go the way of cold fusion . "" dissertations "" the syntax of complementisers "" by anna roussou ( london , 1994 ) reviewed by george tsoulas . with a summary by the author "" syntactic dependencies in mandarin chinese "" by ning zhang ( toronto , 1997 ) reviewed by jo - wang lin . with a summary by the author books "" is this the solution or is the solution this ? "" by caroline heycock review of "" the raising of predicates "" by andrea moro ( cup , 1997 ) "" a standard in the making "" by murat kural review of "" principles and parameters : an introduction to syntactic theory "" by peter culicover ( oup , 1997 ) book notices goodies : reviewing software and hardware : "" speak audiovisually "" by stefan frisch review of "" speech lab / sprachlabor "" by ingolf franke ( media enterprise , 1996 ) conference reports : west coast conference on formal linguistics xvii report by chung - hye han workshop on government phonology in novi sad report by tobias scheer "" the number of death "" a linguistic mystery in eight installments by chris sidney tappan chapter 3 . first explorations rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
",0
1857,"Subject: llt v . 2 , n . 1
 
 we are happy to announce that vol . 2 , no . 1 of language learning & technology is now available at http : / / polyglot . cal . msu . edu / llt . this is a special issue on "" the design and evaluation of multimedia software , "" and the contents are listed below . please visit the llt web site and be sure to enter your free subscription if you have not already done so . also , we welcome your submissions of articles , reviews , and commentaries for vol . 2 , no . 2 and future issues as well . check our guidelines for submission at http : / / polyglot . cal . msu . edu / llt / contrib . html . lucinda hart - gonzalez & mark warschauer , editors llt-editors @ hawaii . edu * * * feature articles * * * 1 . carol a . chapelle , "" multimedia call : lessons to be learned from research on instructed sla "" 2 . jan l . plass , "" design and evaluation of the user interface of foreign language multimedia software : a cognitive approach "" 3 . farzad ehsani & eva knodt , "" speech technology in computer - aided language learning : strengths and limitations of a new call paradigm "" 4 . dorothy m . chun , "" signal analysis software for teaching discourse intonation "" * * * columns * * * > from the editors by lucinda hart - gonzalez , co - editor > from the guest editor by irene thompson on the net using www multimedia in the foreign language classroom : is this for me ? by jean w . leloup and robert ponterio emerging technologies new developments in digital video by bob godwin - jones announcements news from sponsoring organizations * * * reviews * * * computer assisted language learning : context and conceptualization reviewed by christine leahy tripleplay plus ! english reviewed by alison mackey and jung - yoon choi * * * call for papers * * * theme : the role of computer technology in second language acquisition research
",0
1858,"Subject: conv / div of dialects , reading , sept 17-19
 
 the draft programme for the european science foundation conference on ' the convergence and divergence of dialects in a changing europe ' can be found at http : / / www . linguistics . rdg . ac . uk / research / seminars / dialect / index . html the conference call with registration form is also to be found there . paul kerswill
",0
1859,"Subject: coling-acl ' 98 , last call for participation
 
 coling-acl ' 98 last call for participation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - avoid the line-ups and hassle of on-site registration ! pre - register for coling-acl ' 98 before you come to montreal via the online registration form available on the conference web site : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca detailed instructions are provided on the registration form . we look forward to seeing you in montreal ! the coling-acl ' 98 organizing committe
",0
1860,"Subject: coling / acl workshop on multilingual information management : report
 
 coling - acl ' 98 workshop multilingual information management : current levels and future abilities august 16 , 1998 universite de montreal montreal / canada the coling / acl workshop on multilingual information management is a follow-on to an nsf - sponsored workshop held in conjunction with the first international conference on language resources and evaluation in granada , spain ( may 1998 ) . the goal of the workshop was to consider the recent history and likely near-term future of a number of research areas pertaining to language that are related ( but still semi-independent at present ) . the conclusions have been gathered into a report , to be submitted to the nsf , le , and other funding agencies in europe and north america , for their consideration in setting funding policies and goals . the draft report is now available at http : / / www . cs . cmu . edu / ~ ref / mlim / at the granada workshop , an international panel of invited experts focused on a set of questions in an attempt to identify the most likely and most effective future directions of computational linguistics research - especially in the context of the need to handle multi-lingual and multi - modal information . the coling workshop , a follow-on , has the aim of opening the discussion to the computational linguistics community as a whole , to solicit the comments , additions , feedback , and contributions of everyone . to register , consult the coling / acl home page at http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / workshop description the development of natural language applications which handle multi - lingual and multi-modal information is the next major challenge facing the field of computational linguistics . over the past 50 years , a variety of language-related capabilities has been developed in areas such as machine translation , information retrieval , and speech recognition , together with core capabilities such as information extraction , summarization , parsing , generation , multimedia planning and integration , statistics-based methods , ontologies , lexicon construction and lexical representations , and grammar . the next few years will require the extension of these technologies to encompass multi-lingual and multi-modal information . extending current technologies will require integration of the various capabilities into multi-functional natural language systems . however , there is today no clear vision of how these technologies could or should be assembled into a coherent framework . what would be involved in connecting a speech recognition system to an information retrieval engine , and then using machine translation and summarization software to process the retrieved text ? how can traditional parsing and generation be enhanced with statistical techniques ? what would be the effect of carefully crafted lexicons on traditional information retrieval ? the workshop is organized as a series of discussion sessions , each one devoted to one aspect of computational language , initiated by a report of the discussions at the granada workshop ( a report summarizing the discussions at granada is available ; see below ) . enough time for discussion has been scheduled . the discussion will focus on the following fundamental questions : 1 . what is the current level of capability in each of the major areas of the field dealing with language and related media of human communication ? 2 . how can ( some of ) these functions be integrated in the near future , and what kind of systems will result ? 3 . what are the major considerations for extending these functions to handle multi-lingual and multi-modal information , particularly in integrated systems of the type envisioned in ( 2 ) ? in particular , we will consider these questions in relation to the following areas : o multi-lingual resources ( lexicons , ontologies , corpora , etc . ) o information retrieval , especially cross-lingual and cross-modal o machine translation , of text and speech o automated ( cross-lingual ) information extraction and summarization o methods and techniques ( both statistics-based and linguistics-based ) o speech recognition and synthesis o multimedia communication , as well as language and speaker identification o evaluation and assessment techniques for each of these areas o government policy for future funding the initial findings of the report will form the basis of the discussion . the draft report is now available at http : / / www . cs . cmu . edu / ~ ref / mlim / major points raised in the discussions will be recorded and included in the report . we eagerly seek your feedback , comments , contributions , and assistance , to make this report as comprehensive and as accurate as possible ! program 9 : 00 - 9 : 10 welcome and overview 9 : 10 - 9 : 55 cross - lingual and cross - modal information retrieval moderator : judith klavans 9 : 55 - 10 : 40 information extraction and automated text summarization moderator : eduard hovy 10 : 40 - 11 : 00 break 11 : 00 - 11 : 45 methods and techniques moderator : nancy ide 11 : 45 - 12 : 30 machine translation of text and speech moderator : bente maegaard 12 : 30 - 2 : 00 lunch 2 : 00 - 2 : 45 multilingual resources moderator : martha palmer 2 : 45 - 3 : 30 speech recognition and synthesis moderator : tba 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 break 4 : 00 - 4 : 45 evaluation and assessment moderator : john white 4 : 45 - 5 : 30 multimedia communication and language / speaker identification moderator : oliviero stock 5 : 30 - 6 : 00 government : development policy and funding moderator : antonio zampolli the report the outcome of the granada and montreal workshops is a report , originally commissioned by the nsf , to be submitted to the nsf , le , and other funding agencies in europe and north america . the first draft of the report is available at http : / / www . cs . cmu . edu / ~ ref / mlim / we eagerly seek your feedback , comments , contributions , and assistance in making this report as comprehensive and as accurate as possible ! organizers robert frederking center for machine translation carnegie - mellon university schenley park pittsburgh , pa 15213-3890 tel : + 1-412 - 268-6656 fax : + 1-412 - 268-6298 email : ref @ nl . cs . cmu . edu eduard hovy information sciences institute of the university of southern california 4676 admiralty way marina del rey , ca 90292-6695 tel : + 1-310 - 822-1511 fax : + 1-310 - 823-6714 email : hovy @ isi . edu nancy ide department of computer science vassar college 124 raymond avenue poughkeepsie , ny 12604-0520 usa tel : + 1-914 - 437 5988 fax : + 1-914 - 437 7498 email : ide @ cs . vassar . edu joseph mariani limsi-cnrs bp 133 91403 orsay cedex france tel : + 33 - 1-69 - 85-8085 fax : + 33 - 1-69 - 85-8088 email : mariani @ limsi . fr antonio zampolli ilc-cnr via della faggiola 32 56100 pisa italy fax : + 39-50 - 556285 email : pisa @ ilc . pi . cnr . it - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - eduard hovy email : hovy @ isi . edu usc information sciences institute tel : 310-822 - 1511 ext 731 4676 admiralty way fax : 310-823 - 6714 marina del rey , ca 90292-6695 project homepage : http : / / www . isi . edu / natural-language / nlp-at - isi . html
",0
1861,"Subject: confs : translating and the computer 20
 
 aslib , the association for information management http : / / www . aslib . co . uk / conferences / index . html supported by : iti bcs eamt and iamt present : translating and the computer 20 - conference and exhibition thursday 12 - friday 13 november 1998 at one great george street , westminster , london , sw1 this will be the 20th translating and the computer conference and exhibition and to celebrate we invited past delegates to submit papers . at last year 's conference , which attracted an international audience , a number of delegates made suggestions for the following year 's event . the response to our call for papers was overwhelming . i hope you will find the programme has : - a greater number of contributions from actual users than ever before - a number of papers showing new developments / applications from both developers and users - opportunities to network with others and to look at the latest products , including those talked about in the papers , in the exhibition area if you have any questions , or want to find out how you can exhibit at this year 's exciting conference , please contact me , nicole adamides , manager of pdg at aslib , on + 44 ( 0 ) 171 903 0030 or email her nicole @ aslib . co . uk . key issues : evaluating mt systems improving translation at the source - controlled authoring and author memory how to make mt more user - friendly machine translation trends in europe and japan how to organise a translation service to maximise efficiency relocating mt in education and training how companies have customised current mt systems and developers produced new products day one : 12th november 1998 09 . 00 registration 09 . 50 introduction by the chair - chris pyne ( international communications europe , germany ) 10 . 00 twenty years of translating and the computer - john hutchins ( eamt ) since the first of the t&c conferences in 1978 the field of machine ( - aided ) translation has seen many changes : - from mainframe computers to personal computers and the internet - from a mainly academic research pursuit to a competitive commercial field - from discussions of ' future possibilities ' to discussions of actual uses - from a translation profession largely antagonistic to automation to one making cost-effective exploitation of computerised translation tools . this presentation will look at the major changes and developments in both research and commercial systems in the last 20 years and consider what has been learnt ( or forgotten ) . 10 . 25 evaluating mt systems : testing and researching the feasibility of a task - diagnostic approach - michelle vanni ( us defense ) in the spirit of new directions in mt evaluation ( mte ) proposed in hovy ( 1998 ) , this paper describes an approach taken at the us department of defense which is appropriate to a particular information processing ( ip ) environment , the needs of which are determinant of the features which characterise the methodology . the approach consists of : - selecting ip tasks for which the mt output is to be used - selecting specific features to be handled by each system - comparing the scores for each system 11 . 00 coffee 11 . 30 organising a translation service to maximise efficiency and quality - ian jones ( supreme headquarters allied powers europe ) what are the overall functions of a translation service and how can it be organised to best effect ? - the objectives - the tasks - the resources - the future this paper will examine various aspects of the above elements and will also refer to the nato terminology standardisation programme . 11 . 55 post - editing service for mt users at the ec - dorothy senez ( european commission translation service ) machine translation is freely available , via the internal electronic mail system , to all staff working in the european institutions . the machine translation help desk supplies a number of back-up services to a growing population of users . this paper looks specifically at the post-editing service ( per ) : - balancing quality and speed - rapid post-editing for short lived documents and end users responsible for quality control - the way forward at the commission . 12 . 25 dimitrios theologitis - european commission 12 . 50 discussion 13 . 05 lunch with an opportunity to visit the exhibition and network 14 . 30 introduction to afternoon session by chair - professor ruslan mitkov , university of wolverhampton , uk 14 . 35 from testbench to workflow : relocating mt in education and training - professor dr klaus schubert ( fachhochschule flensburg , germany ) and professor tony hartley ( university of brighton , uk ) the arrival on the market place over the last three years of relatively high-quality , low-cost mt and tm will lead to a greater demand in skills and expertise that also take into account the user and the requirements of the organisation 's workflow . this paper will look at initiatives of university of brighton and fachhochschule flensburg to give their students first-hand experience of evaluating a system in situ . this is achieved through : - the provision of an in-house mt service for interested end-users - the design of scenarios for inter-site collaboration - the introduction of elements of human - computer interaction . 15 . 00 some reflections about the pedagogy of mat - pascaline merten ( haute ecole de bruxelles - institut superieur de traducteurs et interpretes ( isti ) ) cat tools are of interest to both researchers and translators . they are being increasingly integrated in the education of future translators . this gives rise to two issues : - in education of translators : is experience of these tools enough , or is it important to understand the underlying concepts ? - computational linguistics is far from the empirical approach of the translator , and this does not facilitate the introduction of new tools this paper will look at how the integration of cat tools in the translation process is a good mean to conciliate the practice of the translator and the reflection of the computational linguist . 15 . 25 discussion 15 . 35 tea 16 . 00 improving translation at the source - dawn murphy ( multilingual technology ltd . , uk ) improvements in the quality and efficiency of translation can be effected at the time of authoring . this paper will examine : - the concepts of controlled authoring and author memory and the supporting technologies - the benefits that such techniques provide for the author , the translator and the translation manager - the processes involved in developing such techniques within an organisation . 16 . 25 lcc - the language consulting centre - language consulting in cyber space - jeannette orsted ( danish association business language graduates ) lcc is a project supported by the european commission . the project is a partnership between teleport sachsen - anhalt gmbh ( de ) , centre for language technology ( dk ) , erhvervssprogligt forbund ( the danish association of business language graduates , dk ) and gesellschaft fur technische kommunikation e . v . ( de ) . the objective of the project is to support small and medium sized enterprises in optimising their production and management of multilingual information . the paper will concentrate on : - language strategy as an integral part of company policies - language technology as a tool for language strategy - an overview of the lcc project and its services 16 . 50 discussion 17 . 00 close of day one 17 . 15 20th anniversary reception in the great hall aslib reserves the right to make changes to the programme without prior notice day two : 13th november 1998 09 . 15 registration 09 . 55 opening remarks by the chair - daniel grasmick ( sap , germany ) 10 . 00 horses for courses - the key to mt becoming a commonplace technology is acceptance - steve mclaughlin ( lernout & hauspie ( gms ) , germany ) user perception of machine translation is the decisive issue , and mt must be seen - not as a universal translation solution , but as one of several potential tools - not in isolation , but within the context of the user 's work processes what does this mean for machine translation vendors ? - mt should not be offered in isolation - products must be scaled to the user 's purse and environment - it must be easy to access and use mt - mt must be available when and where the user needs it , whatever the application 10 . 25 kielikone mt takes user - friendliness seriously - kaarina hyvonen ( kielikone ltd . , finland ) kielikone mt has produced a commercial mt product , transmart , which is in use in several major finnish corporations . in this paper , we examine how transmart has been adapted to meet the needs of individual end-users through four special features : - user-friendly interface - ability to preserve document formatting - facilitation of post-editing - document-specific translation lexicons 10 . 50 discussion 11 . 00 coffee 11 . 30 eptas - a client / server based translation support system - klemens waldhor ( ep electronic publishing partners , germany ) eptas is a translation server system which allows the integration of different translation components and various support tools . it contains a sophisticated linguistic database system and uses an advanced html based unicode document format . the main advantage of this system is that it allows the simultaneous usage of different translation methods , like tm and mt in parallel , which is controlled by a sophisticated process management system . this paper will examine the system and its translation tools that can be incorporated from other vendors too . 11 . 55 promt 98 - the current state - svetlana sokolova ( project mt ltd , russia ) promt 98 is the latest version of the mt software stylus . it is a family of different applications with the same mt kernel inside . the interface solutions are intended for different kinds of end users : - promt internet kit - promt home - pocket promt - promt professional 12 . 20 multilingual language technology in automotive documentation workflows - joerg schuetz ( iai , germany ) multidoc is concerned with the design and implementation of a new translation-centred approach to technical documentation in the field of automotive service and repair . the project is entirely geared by the needs and requirements of the industrial users who are fully integrated in all stages of the project . among the users there are bmw , bertone , volvo , renault and rolls - royce from the automotive side ; star and itr from the translation orientated side . the project is technically coordinated by volvo together with iai . 12 . 45 discussion 13 . 00 lunch with an opportunity to visit the exhibition and network 14 . 25 introduction by chair - tony hartley ( university of brighton , uk ) 14 . 30 machine translation trends in europe and japan - sophia ananiadou ( umist , uk ) this paper will examine the conditions in each geographical area that have given rise to mt systems and associated aids , in order to shed light on the functionality of systems from japan and the extent these can respond to european requirements . the examination will be based on : - types of user profiles - the role of mt providers - the use of translation aids , terminology management systems , bilingual / multilingual translation memories , etc . 14 . 55 fully integrated machine translation - logos gmbh , germany the corporate world has been slow to accept mt because , in the past , mt systems have acted in apparent isolation . this will all change when mt becomes a component of an integrated suite of tools that addresses the whole process . this paper will look at the process and describe an offering which begins with : - a terminology management tool and a writer-friendly authoring tool - a translation memory component tightly coupled with mt - a smart post-editing environment it will not be easy integrating such a suite of translation tools , but once in place , then rapid , good quality , lower cost translation will become a reality . 15 . 20 discussion 15 . 30 tea 16 . 00 towards a multi - language multi script web based reference & terminology system - olaf - michael stefanov ( united nations , vienna ) the united nations office in vienna ( unov ) has possibly the first database containing reference and terminology in multiple scripts and is accessible via the internet . unov will use it to support work in all six official un languages . this paper will look at the evolution of unov : attaining consistency in terminology and references via a mainframe adding arabic and chinese to the workload resulted in unov looking for a customised replacement system , using windows - nt as a platform controlled query / update via application run in web browser 16 . 25 paper to be confirmed 16 . 50 discussion 17 . 00 close of the conference fees two days : 395 ( members ) ; 485 ( non members ) one day : 245 ( members ) ; 285 ( non members ) academic institutions : two days : 285 ; one day : 155 this includes coffee / tea , buffet lunch , documentation and the conference proceedings . half day : 125 ( members ) ; 155 ( non members ) this includes coffee / tea , buffet lunch and documentation . please note : conference proceedings are not included . members fees apply to aslib corporate members and members of aslib ttg , eamt , iamt , iti and bcs . accommodation hotelscene , in conjunction with aslib , have arranged special discounted rates at selected hotels for conference delegates . full details will be sent on receipt of your booking form or you can contact kiran or amanda at hotelscence , 8 the broadway , barnes , london , sw13 0br , fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 181 876 1313 or tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 181 876 0404 , quoting aslib tanslating and the computer 20 . cancellation in the event of cancellation , there will be a charge of 50 to cover administration costs . the full fee will be charged for non-attendance and for cancellations received less than 10 working days prior to the start of the conference . aslib will accept substitutes for confirmed delegates , providing we receive notification of the substitute two working days before the conference . proceedings additional copies of the proceedings for this event can be ordered for 32 . 50 from portland press by fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1206 799 331 . further details from : nicole adamides , aslib , the association for information management , staple hall , stone house court , london , ec3a 7pb tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 903 0030 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 903 0011 email : nicole @ aslib . co . uk www : www . aslib . co . uk nicole adamides , manager , professional development group aslib , the association for information management , staple hall , stone house court , london , ec3a 7pb tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 903 0030 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 903 0011 www : http : / / www . aslib . co . uk /
",0
1862,"Subject: journal of translation and textlinguistics
 
 subject : journal longacre , robert e . , journal of translation and textlinguistics , vol . 10 1998 issn : 1055-4513 ; $ 7 . 95 summer institute of linguistics . nicholas a . bailey "" what 's wrong with my word order ? "" ethel e . wallis mark 's goal - oriented plot structure julia irene dieterman participant reference in isthmus mixe narrative discourse c . john collins coherence in james 1 : 19-27 subject : journal dr . pattiya jimreivat for the mks editorial board mon-khmer studies : a journal of southeast asian languages vol . 28 , pb ; issn : 0147-5207 , viii + 228 pp . , 1998 , $ 29 . 00 summer institute of linguistics . this volume is in memoriam of william a . smalley . articles are : - tones and voice quality in modern northern vietnamese : instrumental case studies , by nguyen van loi and jerold a . edmondson - kyansittha and the indic words in myanmar from mon , by nai pan hla - affixes in katu of the lao p . d . r . , by nancy a . costello - an acoustic study of battambang khmer vowels , by ratree wayland - prepositional vs . directional coverbs in vietnamese , by sophana srichampa - some kam - tai loan-words in mon - khmer languages , by qin xiaohang - expressing comparison in the tai languages , by lev n . morev - numeral classifiers in sgaw karen , by suriya ratanakul - diachronic evolution of initial consonants in buyang , by li jingfang and zhou guoyan internet : academic . books @ sil . org available for review http : / / www . sil . org subject : linguistics walter a . cook , s . j . , author ; case grammar applied ; pb . isbn : 1-55671 - 046 - 1 ; xiii + 275 pp . , 1998 , $ 29 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics and the university of texas at arlington . dr . walter cook , s . j . , is one of the promoters of the georgetown university round table on languages and linguistics and author of numerous publications in linguistics . in case grammar theory ( 1989 ) , the author described the case grammar models of fillmore , chafe , anderson , gruber , jackendoff , and some tagmemicists as contrasting models within case grammar theory . in the present volume , intended as a companion volume to the previous one , we find a methodology for case grammar , tested in extended textual analysis including ernest hemingway 's the old man and the sea . because case grammar lends itself well to displaying the way syntactic features are associated with semantic structures , the author is able to use case grammar as an unusually clear , simple guide for sentence analysis . internet : academic , books @ sil . org available for review http : / / www . sil . org karen ann daley , author ; vietnamese classifiers in narrative texts . pb . isbn : 1-55671 - 021 - 6 ; xii + 214 pp . , 1998 , $ 29 . 00 summer institute of linguistics , and the university of texas at arlington . karen daley leads the reader into what is perhaps the first discourse study of vietnamese classifiers to date . after presenting a summary of classifiers and their function in languages of the world , she challenges the validity of regarding vietnamese classifiers as simply fitting the prototypical pattern of phrase-level numeral classifiers . in vietnamese several of the functions attributed to classifiers imply discourse relations , despite the prevailing assumption that their use is associated with the syntactic relations of phrases . a coherent pattern of classifier use becomes evident when they are observed in the larger syntactic environment of discourse . daley uses discourse measurements of overall frequency , referential distance , and referential persistence and compares them with four criteria from a study of classifiers in white hmong . the results in the present study indicate that the basic function of classifiers in vietnamese discourse is referential - - to mark salience . internet : academic . books @ sil . org available for review http : / / www . sil . org long yaohong and zheng guoqiao , authors , translated from chinese by d . norman geary ; the dong language in guizhou province , china ; pb . isbn : 1-55671 - 051 - 8 ; xvi + 272 pp . , 1998 , $ 29 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics and the university of texas at arlington . the dong people are renowned within china for their beautiful singing and their architectural prowess . their gifts have grown and flourished in the valleys and mountains of guizhou , hunan , and guangxi provinces of southwestern china . in relative obscurity before the establishment of the people 's republic of china , the 2 . 5 million dong people are fast gaining an international reputation . the dong language is distinctive for its many tones . it is often referred to outside china as kam and occupies a significant position in the kam - tai family of the sino - tibetan phylum . long yaohong and zhong guoqiao are recognized authorities on dong language research . mr . long is a native speaker of dong . he provides an introduction , touching on many aspects of dong history , culture , and language , and a discussion of the grammar . mr . zheng supplies sections on phonology , lexicon , and orthography . the two authors jointly present a chapter on dong dialects . the book as a whole represents the first comprehensive description of the dong language available in english . internet : academic . books @ sil . org available for review http : / / www . sil . org subject : weg ( pakistan ) joan l . g . baart , author ; the sounds and tones of kalam kohistani ; with wordlists and texts ; pb . isbn : 969-8023 - 03 - 8 ; 1997 , xvi + 128 pp . , $ 12 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics and national institute of pakistan studies . this volume starts a new series "" studies in languages of northern pakistan , "" published jointly by the summer institute of linguistics and the national institute of pakistan studies in islamabad . the series will include studies of the phonology , grammar , lexicon , and oral literature of kalasha , shina , burushaski , and other languages of northern pakistan . kalam kohistani ( in the literature also known as garwi or bashkarik ) belongs to the dardic branch of indo - aryan . the current volume presents a sketch of the sound system and tonal system of this language , based on recent fieldwork . it also makes a wordlist and text data available for further study . internet : academic . books @ sil . org available for review http : / / www . sil . org sincerely , grace fuqua academic publications summer institute of linguistics grace _ fuqua @ sil . org
",0
1863,"Subject: "" de dag . proceedings of the workshop on definites ""
 
 "" de dag . proceedings of the workshop on definites "" edited by paul dekker , jaap van der does , helen de hoop * * * this collection of original papers on definites presents current research from the netherlands . definiteness , one of the central topics in linguistic research , remains an intriguing subject with many issues unresolved . many of the papers in this collection do not only contribute to the characterization of definites in one particular area of language or logic : they also shed light on issues of the interfaces between semantics , pragmatics , syntax and processing . a quick reminder of the semantic characteristics of ( in ) definites is added to the introduction by jaap van der does . paul dekker 's paper studies the semantics and pragmatics of the referential interpretation of definites and the specific interpretation of indefinites , using notions of information from dynamic semantic theory . differences in syntactic behaviour ( in particular with respect to scrambling ) between definites and indefinites are studied in relation to their semantic properties by helen de hoop . edith kaan shows that the processing mechanism is not only driven by structure but also sensitive to the ( in ) definiteness of the np involved . a new version of van der sandt 's presuppositions-as - anaphors theory is presented by emiel krahmer and kees van deemter , dealing particularly well with partial match phenomena between anaphoric and antecedent nps . manuela pinto focuses on the syntactic licensing and interpretation of definite inverted subjects in italian . an extension of the study of ( in ) definites to the domain of temporal measuring nouns is provided by henk verkuyl . in the last paper of the volume , yoad winter presents an analysis of unary distributivity to account for the seemingly polyadic effects in sentences with multiple occurrences of plural definites . * * * copy 's of "" de dag . proceedings of the workshop on definites "" cost dfl . 20 , - for members of lot and dfl . 25 , - for others , and are available from the utrecht institute of linguistics ots . if you would like to order a copy , please send an e-mail ( with your name and ( e-mail ) address ) to uil-ots @ let . ruu . nl .
",0
1864,"Subject: re : new publication for web
 
 priority : normal subject : linguistics burquest , donald a . , author ; phonological analysis : a functional approach ; pb ; isbn : 1-55671 - 067 - 4 ; x + 314 pp . , 1998 , 2nd ed . , $ 29 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics . human language is a remarkable phenomenon . its study continues to be a source of fascination and delight . dr . donald burquest , professor of linguistics at the university of texas at arlington , developed this foundational textbook during years of helping students overcome the feelings of dismay that new phonology students experience when confronted by a mass of raw phonetic data . while working through the material , the student is led through the steps of organizing data and is introduced to particular theories for later in-depth specialization . the author expands on the previous edition of this text by adding introductions to autosegmental phonology and metrical phonology . he has also included a series of problems at the end of most chapters that provide an opportunity for the student to apply the information in that chapter . this textbook is intended for use in an upper division introductory course in phonology , preparing the student to further study aspects of current theory . grace fuqua academic publications summer institute of linguistics grace _ fuqua @ sil . org
",0
1865,"Subject: re : proposals for tutorials & workshops
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * | _ _ | / \ | | | \ | | | / / _ \ / _ \ * * | | / _ \ | | | \ | | | ( _ ) | ( _ ) | * * | | / _ _ _ \ | | _ _ _ | | \ | \ _ _ , | \ _ _ , | * * | _ / _ / \ _ \ _ _ _ _ _ | _ | \ _ | / _ / / _ / * * * * * * taln ' 99 * * traitement automatique du langage naturel * * * * institut d ' etudes scientifiques de cargese ( corse ) * * du 12 au 17 juillet 1999 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( see english version below ) taln ' 99 workshops & tutoriels appel a propositions cargese ( corse ) du 12 au 17 juillet 1999 nous avons le plaisir de vous annoncer que la sixieme edition de la conference sur le traitement automatique des langues naturelles ( taln ' 99 ) se tiendra a l ' institut d ' etudes scientifiques de cargese , corse . le succes croissant du colloque taln a conduit les organisateurs a proposer que taln ' 99 soit desormais une manifestation etalee sur une semaine , qui inclura des tutoriels et accueillera des ateliers thematiques ( workshops ) . la date du colloque est arretee a la semaine du 12-17 juillet . les langues officielles pour les communications et tutoriels sont le frangais et l ' anglais . ateliers thematiques ( workshops ) les ateliers se derouleront en parallele sur la base de 4 seances de 1h30 reparties sur 4 jours . ceux qui souhaitent organiser un atelier sont pries de faire parvenir au comite d ' organisation , par courrier electronique de preference , une courte proposition decrivant le theme de l ' atelier , la pertinence de son regroupement avec taln , et un comite de programme envisage . le responsable d ' un workshop est charge de l ' appel a candidature et de la coordination de son comite de programme . les communications seront incluses dans les actes . tutoriels les tutoriels se derouleront en parallele sur la base de 4 seances de 2h reparties sur 4 jours . ceux qui souhaitent proposer un tutoriel sont pries de faire parvenir au comite d ' organisation , par courrier electronique de preference , une courte proposition decrivant le sujet et le contenu du cours , la pertinence pour taln et les renseignements d ' usage sur le ou les enseignants envisage ( s ) . un resume du cours pourra etre inclus dans les actes . date limite de depot des candidatures : 20 septembre 98 notification : fin septembre 98 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - we are pleased to announce that the sixth conference on natural language processing ( taln99 ) will be held at the institute for scientific studies at carghse , corsica , france . as the previous editions of taln have been increasingly successful , taln99 will last a whole week , and will include both workshops and tutorials . the date for the conference is set to the third week of july ( july 12-17 ) . the official languages for the conference are french and english . workshops workshops will be held in parallel , on the basis of four sessions of one hour and a half , distributed across four days . if you would like to organize a workshop , please send to the organizing committee , preferably via email , a short proposal describing the topic of the workshop , its relevance with respect to the main conference , and the program committee you consider . call for papers , and program committee coordination are left to workshop organizers . accepted papers will be included in the proceedings . tutorials tutorials will be held in parallel , on the basis of four sessions of two hours , distributed across four days . if you would like to propose a tutorial , please send to the organising committee , preferably via email , a short proposal describing the topic and the content of the tutorial , its relevance for the conference , and usual data about the teacher ( s ) . a summary of the tutorial will be included in the proceedings . deadline for submission : 20 september 98 notification : end of september 98 comite d ' organisation / organizing committee anne abeille pascal amsili ( president / chair ) laurence danlos sylvain kahane marie - helene candito patrick caudal lionel clement manuela leahu laurent roussarie et les autres membres de l ' equipe talana and the other members of the talana team * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * taln ' 99 * * mailto : taln99 @ talana . linguist . jussieu . fr * * http : / / talana . linguist . jussieu . fr / taln99 * * talana - ufrl - universite de paris 7 * * case 7003 - 2 , pl . jussieu tel . : ( 33 ) 1 44 27 53 70 * * 75251 paris cedex 05 - france fax : ( 33 ) 1 44 27 79 19 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - end of forwarded message
",0
1866,"Subject: workshop visual representations & interpretations
 
 the vri ' 98 workshop - september 22nd - 24th . foresight centre , university of liverpool , uk advance notice and call for participation we warmly extend an invitation to colleagues to participate in vri ' 98 , an international workshop on visual representations & interpretations being held at the foresight centre , university of liverpool from tuesday september 22nd to thursday september 24th . the main aim of the workshop is to promote inter-disciplinary awareness across a range of disciplines where visual representations and interpretations are exploited . contributions were invited from researchers in any discipline who are actively investigating visual representations and interpretations , including though not limited to : - artists , architects , biologists , chemists , clinicians , cognitive scientists , computer scientists , educationalists , graphic designers , linguists , mathematicians , philosophers , physicists , psychologists and social scientists . we are pleased to report that all these disciplines are represented in the papers chosen for presentation at the workshop . we have also had interesting submissions which have been accepted from researchers in film and media studies , philosophy of science , molecular and cellular science , theatre studies , art and textile design , engineering and other design disciplines . this excellent response means that the conference will be a truly multi-disciplinary event . duration of workshop the considerable interest that has been expressed in the workshop has also led us to extend its duration . the workshop will now run from tuesday 22nd september until lunch-time on thursday 24th september . in order to give a potential participant some idea of the programme , session titles include : - just visualising visualising the information retrieval process visualisation for effective communication technology , change and visualisation the language of symbols visual representations : from molecules to cells articulating the design process visualising the abstract language and form across domains the detailed programme for the conference is published on the vri ' 98 www site : - http : / / www . csc . liv . ac . uk / ~ ien / vri / programme details at : - http : / / www . csc . liv . ac . uk / ~ ien / vri / programme . html registration and booking details registration details and a downloadable booking form are available from : - http : / / www . csc . liv . ac . uk / ~ ien / vri / call _ papers . html # registration this form together with with a cheque for 75 uk pounds or a request for an invoice ( see form for details ) should be sent to beth james , connect , foresight centre , 3 brownlow street , liverpool , l69 3gl . beth will be dealing with the registration for the conference . all queries in respect of registration should be made , ideally by email , to beth at beth @ csc . liv . ac . uk visit to tate gallery ( liverpool ) after the end of the workshop , on the afternoon of the 24th september , the tate gallery , liverpool has very kindly invited vri ' 98 participants to a guided tour of the willie doherty exhibition "" somewhere else "" , showing as part of revolution98 ( the 9th international symposium on electronic art , 2nd september-11 th october ) . numbers are restricted so those interested in participating in this tour are requested to email vri98 @ csc . liv . ac . uk expressing interest in this tour as soon as possible . preference for places will be given to overseas visitors . acknowledgements vri ' 98 is co-sponsored by connect , department of computer science , the university of liverpool , unilever research and barclay 's bank . visual representations & interpretations foresight centre c / o dr irene neilson , 3 brownlow street liverpool l69 3gl http : / / www . csc . liv . ac . uk / ~ ien / vri /
",0
1867,"Subject: book : nlp : using prolog
 
 an introduction to natural language processing through prolog clive matthews lecturer in linguistics at the university of east anglia . paper 0-582 - 06622 - 0 320 pages july 1998 learning about language series longman - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - research into natural language processing - the use of computers to process language - has developed over the last couple of decades into one of the most vigorous and interesting areas of current work on language and communication . this book introduces the subject through the discussion and development of various computer programs which illustrate some of the basic concepts and techniques in the field . the programming language used is prolog , which is especially well-suited for natural language processing and those with little or no background in computing . following the general introduction , the first section of the book presents prolog , and the following chapters illustrate how various natural language processing programs may be written using this programming language . since it is assumed that the reader has no previous experience in programming , great care is taken to provide a simple yet comprehensive introduction to prolog . due to the ' user friendly ' nature of prolog , simple yet effective programs may be written from an early stage . the reader is gradually introduced to various techniques for syntactic processing , ranging from finite state network recognisors to chart parsers . an integral element of the book is the comprehensive set of exercises included in each chapter as a means of cementing the reader 's understanding of each topic . suggested answers are also provided . an introduction to natural language processing through prolog is an excellent introduction to the subject for students of linguistics and computer science , and will be especially useful for those with no background in the subject . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - further information on the books published in this series , and the table of contents for this title can be viewed at the longman linguistics on-line catalogue at : http : / / www . awl-he . com / linguistics for a complete listing of our world-wide offices , please click below : http : / / www . awl-he . com / offices
",0
1868,"Subject: 2nd intl symposium on bilingualism
 
 reminder reminder reminder reminder 2nd international symposium on bilingualism ( april , 1999 , newcastle , uk ) details of the symposium and registration form now available at http : / / www . newcastle . ac . uk / ~ nspeech deadline for submission of abstract : 31 august , 1998 .
",0
1869,"Subject: workshop on embedded mt systems ( call for papers )
 
 * * * * * * * * * deadline extension announcement * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * new submission deadline : august 24 , 1998 workshop announcement - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - workshop on embedded mt systems call for papers design , construction , and evaluation of systems with an mt component wednesday , october 28 , 1998 ( preceding the amta 98 conference ) sheraton bucks county hotel , langhorne , pennsylvania introduction as the strengths and weaknesses of machine translation ( mt ) engines have become better understood and accepted , there has been a marked increase in the development of computer systems with an embedded mt component . one consequence of this shift to "" embedded mt "" is that researchers , developers , as well as users have begun pushing the limits on the input that such systems will accept for translation . in so doing , a new class of problems has surfaced : any input - - - whether it appears in physical form on paper , in electronic form on-line , or mixed in with another modality such as graphics or video - - - will bring with it some unknown mix of noisy natural language data as well as non-linguistic data . how are systems with an mt component to be designed and evaluated given the challenge this input brings ? the objective of this workshop is to examine and evaluate techniques for adjusting this "" linguistic impedance mismatch "" between the real-world input and the natural language input expected by various mt engines . thus the workshop will focus on computational approaches to preprocessing system input for mt engines and on statistical methods for evaluating systems with an embedded mt component . linguistic preprocessing in image data for researchers working with image data , there is currently underway an effort to augment ocr ( optical character recognition ) engines with linguistic data as they recognize and convert bitmap data into characters - - - similar to what has already been done in speech recognition with linguistic data in hmms ( hidden markov models ) . other ocr researchers have also experimented with image-level early topic detection using word-shape recognition . in principle , this could provide a first-step filtering of documents into a more homogeneous mt input set , a desirable goal for mt evaluation . thus we expect that individuals working with or intending to incorporate ocr into their computer systems will be interested in this new area . linguistic preprocessing in online data for those working with online input , even though the characters are already present , there often still remains the task of preprocessing meaningful , symbolic character strings that are not a part of the text to be translated . for some systems , the rules for identifying and encapsulating or removing such strings may need to be hand-crafted over time as mt engine limitations surface . for others , a combination of hand-crafted rules and statistically trained nl models has worked . many have observed that the html annotations , alphanumeric items , spreadsheet and word processing codes are harder to weed out than originally expected . research efforts with the low-density and less-commonly taught languages , as well as more common ones , encounter a substantial problem with variation in spelling conventions and transcription preferences . for those natural languages that are primarily spoken and not written , for example , this is frequently the case . researchers working on this class of problem have built variants on spell checkers ( sc ) , components that standardize words to one orthography ( spelling convention ) before submitting it to an mt engine . an idea that has arisen for this component is to build in an option to adjust the level of sc correction - - - as would be relevant when input after ocr nonetheless varies from very noisy to relatively clean . evaluation of embedded mt systems among those working on statistical methods for evaluating systems with an embedded mt component , we have seen two distinct trends . one group of statisticians has begun looking for appropriate models from outside the world of mt evaluation , examining the efforts by others to take distinct metrics for components and combine them for an overall system-level metric using fuzzy mathematics . another group of researchers is looking instead at developing a one-dimensional scale for ranking mt engines along a continuum defined by system-level function . that approach , for example , might rank one engine as good enough for filtering documents , while another engine deemed more linguistically robust would be ranked higher because it could generate a good enough initial translation for subsequent post-editing . we welcome other functional evaluations of mt components and computer systems with embedded mt components as well . submissions submitters are invited to send in a short paper , not more than 5 pages , addressing one or more of the three areas discussed above . papers should define the problem in an embedded mt system that is the focus of the work , describe the embedded mt system design ( a simple sketch ) with sample input data where relevant , and present their approach to the problem . work at various stages of completion is acceptable ; we expect the current status of the work to be made clear . submission of end-to - end output of an embedded mt system is especially encouraged . the papers will be collected and distributed to participants of the workshop . ideally , the result of the workshop will be a clearer delineation of : ( 1 ) the range of linguistic preprocessing problems ( 2 ) the range of designs in embedded mt systems ( 3 ) how these problems are treated in different embedded mt systems ( 4 ) the metrics that are being used to evaluate these systems and their components . dates notice of interest in participation : july 10 , 1998 ( to voss @ arl . mil ) please identify which of the three areas you intend to address : preprocessing in image data , preprocessing in online data , evaluation of embedded mt systems . position paper submission : august 10 , 1998 note : now , august 24 , 1998 notifications : september 10 , 1998 note : now , september 17 , 1998 final copies of papers : october 10 , 1998 workshop : october 28 , 1998 submissions may be in printed or electronic form . submissions should be sent to : clare voss army research laboratory amsrl-is - ci 2800 powder mill road adelphi , md 20783 phone : ( 301 ) 394-5615 fax : ( 301 ) 394-3903 e-mail : voss @ arl . mil the registration fee for the conference is $ 50 . non - presenters will be accepted on a first-come , first served basis . we strongly encourage the participation of embedded mt system users , as well as members of the research and development communities . a copy of the call , the registration form , and further update information is available via a link at : < http : / / rpstl . arl . mil / isb-south / > look for the conferences and workshop link .
",0
1870,"Subject: "" workshop on ellipsis in conjunction ""
 
 workshop on ellipsis in conjunction berlin , oct . 2 - 3 , 1998 organizers project group "" focus syntax "" : niina zhang , kerstin schwabe , horst dieter gasde , andre meinunger zas jaegerstr . 10-11 10117 berlin germany tel : 49-30 - 20192-410 ; 49-30 - 20192-572 fax : 49-30 - 20192-402 ellipsis @ zas . gwz-berlin . de http / / www . zas . gwz-berlin . de program friday , october 2 , 1998 chair : kerstin schwabe 9 . 30 - 10 . 30 alan munn michigan state u coordination asymmetries and their implications for ellipsis 10 . 30 - 11 . 00 jose camacho rutgers u on the structure of conjunction 11 . 00 - 11 . 30 break chair : alan munn 11 . 30 - 12 . 30 john te velde oklahoma state u the structure of coordinate constructions : what 's symmetrical , what 's not and why ( not ) 12 . 30 - 13 . 00 philippe schlenker mit morphonological effects on ellipsis resolution 13 . 00 - 14 . 00 lunch chair : jason merchant 14 . 00 - 15 . 00 chris wilder zas berlin shared constituents and linearization 15 . 00 - 15 . 30 15 . 30 - 16 . 00 rikardo etxepare & kleanthes k . grohmann u of the basque country and u of maryland conjunction of nacs and the null modal hypothesis bernhard schwarz u of massachusetts on asymmetric coordinations in german 16 . 00 - 16 . 30 break chair : artemis alexiadou 16 . 30 - 17 . 30 david lightfoot u of maryland ellipsis as clitics 17 . 30 - 18 . 00 susanne winkler u tubingen intonational disambiguation of bound and referential pronouns in ellipsis : evidence for a direct connection between lf and pf 18 . 00 - 18 . 30 kerstin schwabe zas berlin coordinate ellipsis and information structure 19 . 30 dinner saturday , october 3 , 1998 chair : paul law 9 . 30 - 10 . 30 kyle johnson u of massachusetts gapping determiners 10 . 30 - 11 . 00 cedrick boeckx u of connecticut an additional note on pseudogapping 11 . 00 - 11 . 30 break chair : chris wilder 11 . 30 . - 12 . 30 danny fox mit a note on parallelism , focus and accommodation 12 . 30 - 13 . 00 satoshi oku u of connecticut definite and indefinite strict identity in vp - ellipsis 13 . 00 - 14 . 00 lunch chair andre meinunger 14 . 00 - 15 . 00 norbert corver & craig thiersch tilburg u paranthetical phrases as asymmetrical coordination 15 . 00 - 15 . 30 niina zhang zas berlin ellipsis of chinese modifiers 15 . 30 - 16 . 00 break chair susanne winkler 16 . 00 - 17 . 00 jason merchant uc santa cruz islands , sluicing , and form-identity 17 . 00 - 17 . 30 maribel romero u of massachusetts at amherst sluiced wh - phrases and islands 17 . 30 - 18 . 00 haihua pan city u of hong kong ( np ) ellipses in mandarin chinese
",0
1871,"Subject: philosophy of lang
 
 the following is a book which readers of this list might find of interest . for more information please visit http : / / mitpress . mit . edu / promotions / books / ostdps98 definite descriptions a reader edited by gary ostertag bertrand russell 's theory of definite descriptions sparked an ongoing debate concerning the proper logical and linguistic analysis of definite descriptions . while it is now widely acknowledged that , like the indexical expressions ' i ' , ' here ' , and ' now ' , definite descriptions in natural language are context-sensitive , there is significant disagreement as to the ultimate challenge this context-sensitivity poses to russell 's theory . this reader is intended both to introduce students to the philosophy of language via the theory of descriptions , and to provide scholars in analytic philosophy with ready access to some of the central contributions in this area . it includes classic works by russell , carnap , strawson , lambert , donnellan , grice , peacocke , kripke , wettstein , soames , neale , and schiffer . gary ostertag is a visiting scholar in the department of philosophy at new york university . a bradford book august 1998 6 x 9 , 448 pp . paper isbn 0-262 - 65049 - 5 jud wolfskill associate publicist phone : ( 617 ) 253-2079 mit press fax : ( 617 ) 253-1709 five cambridge center e - mail : wolfskil @ mit . edu ambridge , ma 02142-1493 http : / / mitpress . mit . edu
",0
1872,"Subject: syntax
 
 the following is a book which readers of this list might find of interest . for more information please visit http : / / mitpress . mit . edu / promotions / books / zubpps98 prosody , focus , and word order maria luisa zubizarreta this monograph exemplifies a new trend in grammatical theory in which researchers combine findings from more than one area of linguistics . specifically , the author looks at the relationship between phrasal prominence and focus in romance and germanic languages to provide new insights into how these properties are grammatically articulated . building upon previous results in the field , she argues that phrasal prominence ( nuclear stress ) reflects syntactic ordering . there are two varieties of syntactic ordering . the first is the standard asymmetric c-command ordering . the second is the ordering derived from the primitive relation of selection holding between a head and its associated argument . part of the difference between germanic and romance languages stems from a difference in the way the two syntactic orderings interact in the mapping onto phrasal prominence . the author shows that the symmetry between syntactic ordering and phrasal prominence so defined may be broken because of the independent requirement that a focused constituent must contain the most prominent element in the sentence . two kinds of processes come into play to repair the broken symmetry . one is a process of deaccenting . the other is a process of movement , called "" p-movement . "" the author shows that a proper understanding of the properties of p-movement can be attained within the framework of the minimalist program . maria luisa zubizarreta is associate professor at the university of southern california . linguistic inquiry monograph 33 august 1998 6 x 9 , 232 pp . , 4 illus . paper isbn 0-262 - 74021 - 4 cloth isbn 0-262 - 24041 - 6 jud wolfskill associate publicist phone : ( 617 ) 253-2079 mit press fax : ( 617 ) 253-1709 five cambridge center e - mail : wolfskil @ mit . edu cambridge , ma 02142-1493 http : / / mitpress . mit . edu
",0
1873,"Subject: universal grammar
 
 the following is a book which readers of this list might find of interest . for more information please visit http : / / mitpress . mit . edu / promotions / books / craihs98 investigations in universal grammar a guide to experiments on the acquisition of syntax and semantics stephen crain and rosalind thornton this introductory guide to language acquisition research is presented within the framework of universal grammar , a theory of the human faculty for language . the authors focus on two experimental techniques for assessing children 's linguistic competence : the elicited production task , a production task , and the truth value judgment task , a comprehension task . their methodologies are designed to overcome the numerous obstacles to empirical investigation of children 's language competence . they produce research results that are more reproducible and less likely to be dismissed as an artifact of improper experimental procedure . in the first section of the book , the authors examine the fundamental assumptions that guide research in this area ; they present both a theory of linguistic competence and a model of language processing . in the following two sections , they discuss in detail their two experimental techniques . stephen crain is professor of linguistics and rosalind thornton is assistant professor of linguistics , both at the university of maryland at college park . language , speech , and communication series a bradford book may 1998 cloth 7 x 10 , 368 pp . , 46 illus . isbn 0-262 - 03250 - 3 jud wolfskill associate publicist phone : ( 617 ) 253-2079 mit press fax : ( 617 ) 253-1709 five cambridge center e - mail : wolfskil @ mit . edu cambridge , ma 02142-1493 http : / / mitpress . mit . edu
",0
1874,"Subject: semantics / syntax - semantics interface / language acquisition
 
 van hout , angeliek ; event semantics of verb frame alternations : a case study of dutch and its acquisition ; 0-8153 - 3128 - 2 , cloth ; pages , $ 91 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics using both theoretical and language acquisition arguments , this study proposes a new model of the lexicon-syntax interface defined in terms of checking event-semantic features . the research is based on dutch verbs and their possible verb frames ( intransitive , transitive , etc . ) and two studies of children 's dutch . the model developed from these cases represents more generally the way in which universal grammar organizes the lexicon of a language and the mapping system that associates a verb 's lexical features with its syntactic projection . the author shows that a predicate 's event-semantic or aspectual properties define the mapping relation between lexicon and syntax , rather than lexical-semantic information of the verb 's event participants , which is the more traditional view . a verb 's appearance in several different verb frames is determined by event type-shifting ; an atelic ( = unbounded ) or a telic ( = bounded ) event type yields different verb frames , and so does a non-causative or a causative event type . these effects can only be captured if the mapping relation is sensitive to event semantics . the two acquisition studies offer a new and unique perspective on verb learning . one is a longitudinal study on the acquisition of light verbs ; the other is an experimental study on the acquisition of intransitive verbs . they show that children are sensitive to event semantics from early in the language acquisition process . e - mail : info @ garland . com
",0
1875,"Subject: phonology / phonetics
 
 casali , roderic f . ; resolving hiatus ; 0-8153 - 3149 - 5 , cloth ; pages , $ 59 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this study investigates two alternative ways in which languages resolve sequences of adjacent vowels ( hiatus ) : deletion of one of the vowels , or coalescence of the adjacent vowels to form a third vowel that combines features of both the originals . although existing phonological theories predict relatively few restrictions on the behavior of either process , a survey of 92 languages reveals a number of surprising and previously unreported limitations on their behavior . for example , although deletion of the first of two vowels is extremely common and can apply in any position , deletion of the second vowel is restricted to certain well-defined morpho-syntactic contexts , such as the boundary between a root and a suffix . these restrictions , are explained in terms of functionally-motivated constraints that favor preservation of phonological material in certain prominent positions , such as in root morphemes . in the case of coalescence , the study reveals a surprising correlation between the structure of a language 's vowel inventory and the result of merging high and a non-high vowels . this correlation is explained in terms of a novel theory of acoustic height features whose detailed specification is determined by functionally-motivated constraints sensitive to the number of vowel heights within a particular language . e - mail : info @ garland . com
",0
1876,"Subject: syntax / syntax - semantics interface
 
 potsdam , eric ; syntactic issues in the english imperative ; 0-8153 - 3129 - 0 , cloth ; pages , $ 97 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this book investigates long-standing problems in the syntactic analysis of the english imperative . most earlier works within the generative tradition have claimed that the syntax of imperatives idiosyncratically and irreducibly differs from that of other english clauses . this work argues that , on the contrary , the imperative has a largely regular syntax which is fully compatible with current formal grammars of english . the putative differences reside primarily in three domainsthe behavior of the auxiliary verbs "" have "" and "" be , "" the options for subjects , and the word order in negative and emphatic clauses . this study addresses each of these controversial domains in turn and argues that the behavior of the imperative is unexceptional in each case . the work is unique in attempting to assimilate the syntax of the english imperative to better-established analyses of english originally developed for other areas of the language . in defending this thesis , the work analyzes word order , constituent structure , and semantic restrictions in the imperative . analyses of two core phenomena in english syntax , adverb placement and vp ellipsis , are also defended . this in-depth investigation of syntactic and semantic aspects of the modern english imperative will be of interest to scholars of syntactic theory , english linguistics , and english grammar . e - mail : info @ garland . com
",0
1877,"Subject: syntax / philosophy of lang
 
 cormack , annabel ; definitions : implications for syntax , semantics , and the language of thought ; 0-8153 - 3131 - 2 , cloth ; pages , $ 83 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics the answer to the question "" how can we understand and use a definition ? "" provides new constraints on natural language and on the internal language in which meaning is mentally represented . most syntax takes the sentence as the basic unit for well-formedness , but definitions force us to focus on words and phrases , and hence to focus on compositional syntax in parallel with compositional semantics . this study examines both dictionary definitions and definitions from textbooks from the points of view of their syntax , semantics , and use for learning word meaning . the tools used throughout are principles and parameters syntax , relevance theoretic pragmatics , model theoretic semantics , and the formal theory of definitions . the analyses argue that because phrases can be understood in isolation , some standard syntactic analyses must be modified . ' np movement ' has to be reanalysed as transmission of theta roles . these ideas are then applied to a variety of adjectives which take propositional complements . the final chapter argues that for definitions to be understood , the syntax of the language of thought must be close to that of natural language in specifiable ways . for example , semantic types must be common to the two languages . the book will be of interest to linguists concerned with syntax , semantics and pragmatics ; philosophers of mind and of language ; and lexicographers . e - mail : info @ garland . com
",0
1878,"Subject: syntax
 
 runner , jeffrey t . ; noun phrase licensing ; 0-8153 - 3134 - 7 , cloth ; pages , $ 62 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this book examines the syntax of direct object noun phrases in english within the principles and parameters , specifically chomsky 's minimalist program , approach to generative grammar . the main focus is on the phrase structural positions of object noun phrases at the various levels of representation , and secondarily on the relationship between structural position and semantic interpretation . supported by a variety of empirical and conceptual arguments , the central claim of the book is that direct object noun phrases in english surface in a vp - external position ; a secondary claim is that while in the overt syntax direct objects appear vp - externally , their position at the level of "" logical form "" varies depending on interpretation . four basic constructions are studied : simple transitive clauses , transitive clauses with prepositional objects , the "" raising to object "" construction , and the "" double object "" construction . the particular mismatches observed between overt and covert syntax are argued to follow from a non-movement - based mapping among levels of representation ; specifically the author employs and further develops the "" copy and delete "" approach to movement which , combined with general principles regulating the licensing of phrases at various levels of representation , accounts for the observed mismatches , as well as neatly extending to two further constructions : the existential and stylistic inversion constructions . this book will be of interest to scholars in the areas of phrase structure syntax , english and germanic syntax , the syntax-semantics interface , and all areas of generative approaches to syntax . e - mail : info @ garland . com
",0
1879,"Subject: semantics / syntax - semantics interface
 
 tovena , lucia m . ; the fine structure of polarity sensitivity ; 0-8153 - 3133 - 9 , cloth ; pages , $ 71 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this study investigates the phenomenon of polarity sensitivity , proposing a new perspective which focuses on the behavior and properties of sensitive items and the phrases they form . it rests on the observation that the complexity of the phenomenon requires a more articulated analysis than the standard one based on licensing conditions . the study adopts a broader notion of sensitivity , which extends beyond the traditional one restricted to polarity . it includes other factors which are defined in relation to the semantics of the sensitive items . as a result , the attention is centered on the web of interactions the item entertains with its context of occurrence , rather than on polarity licensing conditions . these items are not lexical black boxes , mutually undistinguishable with respect to polarity licensing . the study shows that the distribution and interpretation of these items follow from constraints related to the properties of their semantic domain . aspect and temporal order are crucial factors for sensitive temporal connectives and adverbials , while referential links and existential import matter for determiners . analogies and differences with other phenomena related to negation , e . g . negative concord , are discussed . the volume also contains an extensive critical overview of research on the topic in the past thirty years . this book will be of interest to scholars in the area of semantics , syntax and their interface . it also points to various important themes in pragmatics and cognitive science , e . g . the role of context and reference , and the notion of interpretation strategies . e - mail : info @ garland . com
",0
1880,"Subject: semantics
 
 yeom , jae - il ; a presuppositional analysis of specific indefinites : common grounds as structured information states ; 0-8153 - 3175 - 4 , cloth ; pages , $ 65 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics a specific indefinite presupposes that someone has in mind an individual who has the property denoted by its descriptive content . having an individual in mind means that the agent knows who the referent is , and thus it affects the information state of the agent , but not the others . the asymmetric information , shared by all participants in a conversation , cannot be represented when the common ground has only one information state . thus a common ground must have multiple information states , each for each participant in a conversation . the information state of the agent who has an individual in mind must be differentiated from the others ' by being structured into sub-information - states so that each sub-information - state associates the specific indefinite with a different unique individual . it then conveys the information that the agent has some individual in mind , but that it is not known yet who it is . this analysis thus requires a new dynamic semantics which is partially representational and partially denotational . this leads to a new analysis of proper names . specific indefinites tend to have widest scope , which is explained by claiming that specific indefinites trigger presuppositions . presuppositions are assumed to have various scopes with respect to operators in a sentence , and the strongest reading is preferred on rational and economic basis . it is shown that stronger readings roughly correspond to wider scopes . this book will be of interest to scholars who work on indefinite nps , presuppositions , anaphora in belief contexts , and dynamic semantics in general . e - mail : info @ garland . com
",0
1881,"Subject: syntax
 
 nelson , diane carlita ; grammatical case assignment in finnish ; 0-8153 - 3180 - 0 , cloth ; pages , $ 65 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this study presents an analysis of patterns of morphological case in finnish within the principles and parameters framework . finnish has a rich system of inflection for both case and agreement , making it an important language for testing hypotheses about the relationships between morphological case and abstract case , and case / case and agreement . the focus of the study is a set of syntactic environments where internal dp arguments appear in nominative case , but alternate with accusative pronouns . in the same contexts , internal arguments may also receive partitive case to encode features related to aspect or indefiniteness . because these environments lack an external argument coindexed with agreement , the data is particularly relevant to predictions made by burzio 's generalization . by testing burzio 's hypothesis systematically against a range of sentence types , finnish is shown to contain an ergative case subsystem within a nominative-accusative main system . the assignment of the objective cases is linked with the licensing of aspectual roles at d - structure , and finite tense is posited as a bi-unique case assigner . the case split then arises as the result of two case features being assigned simultaneously to an internal argument , objective case at d - structure associated with aspect , and nominative case at s - structure associated with finite tense where an external argument is not available . morphological spell-out rules for particular argument types are proposed which determine the surface case realization of doubly-case assigned nominals . e - mail : info @ garland . com
",0
1882,"Subject: new book : philosophy of language
 
 philosophy of language the big questions edited by andrea nye university of wisconsin , whitewater this wide-ranging anthology brings together a variety of readings in the philosophy of language from the ancient greeks to contemporary analytic , feminist , and multicultural perspectives . the emphasis is on issues that have a direct bearing on concerns about knowledge , reality , meaning , and understanding . a general introduction and introductions to each group of readings identify both the continuities and differences in the way "" big "" questions in philosophy of language have been addressed by philosophers of different historical periods , institutional affiliations , races , and genders . contents general introduction a : language : what is it ? : 1 . plato : language as the weaving together of forms 2 . jean - jacques rousseau : the origins of language 3 . john locke : on words 4 . gottlob frege : on the scientific justification of a conceptual notation 5 . john dewey : the existential matrix of inquiry 6 . ludwig wittgenstein : picturing reality 7 . emile benveniste : subjectivity in language 8 . jerry fodor : private language , public languages 9 . monique wittig : the mark of gender . b : meaning : how do words get their sense ? : 10 . gottlob frege : on sense and reference 11 . a . j . ayer : the principle of verifiability 12 . ludwig wittgenstein : meaning as use 13 . ruth millikan : biosemantics 14 . merrill and jaakko hintikka : how can language be sexist ? c : speaking : what is it to say something ? : 15 . h . p . grice : meaning 16 . john austin : performative utterances 17 . v . n . volosinov : verbal interaction 18 . arindam chakrabati : telling as letting know 19 . luce irigaray : he i sought but did not find . d : reference : what do we talk about ? : 20 . bertrand russell : on denoting 21 . saul kripke : naming and necessity ( excerpts ) 22 . michel foucault : the formation of objects 23 . judith butler : critically queer 24 . maria lugones : "" worlds "" and world travelling . e : truth : what is the relation between language and reality ? : 25 . alfred tarski : the semantic theory of truth 26 . donald davidson : the method of truth in metaphysics 27 . linda alcoff : truth as coherence 28 . david theo goldberg : truth through social praxis 29 . sandra harding : are truth claims dysfunctional ? f : other minds and foreign tongues : how is it possible to understand what someone else says ? : 30 . bronislaw malinowski : the translation of untranslatable words 31 . w . v . quine : indeterminacy of translation 32 . donald davidson : on the very idea of a conceptual scheme 33 . benjamin whorf : an american indian model of the universe 34 . gloria anzaldua : how to tame a wild tongue 35 . wole soyinka : language as boundary philosophy : the big questions series june 1998 6 x 9 336 pages 0-631 - 20602 - 7 paperback $ 29 . 95 0-631 - 20601 - 9 hardcover $ 62 . 95 available for review to order please call blackwell publishers at 1-800 - 216-2522 or visit our website at http : / / www . blackwellpub . com
",0
1883,"Subject: language as metaphor & metaphors for language - - session at aaa 98
 
 i have volunteered to organize the following session for the next meeting of the society for linguistic anthropology at aaa 98 ( next winter in washington ) : language as metaphor and metaphors for language metaphor has been shown to be an integral component of the way we conceptualize experience and embody it in language . but metaphor can also be thought of as a specific tool that can be used in a variety of disciplines : a concrete image can summarize or illuminate the object of study , and sometimes even inform the direction of the discipline . new theories give rise to new metaphors , and the study of such metaphors can throw light on the development of theories . papers are invited from both linguists and non-linguists on two topics : 1 ) language used as metaphor : for a restricted communicative code used concurrently with language : e . g . the language of flowers ; but also for various characteristics of expressive or cognitive domains , e . g . the grammar / syntax / vocabulary of architecture , music , etc . ; what characteristics of language are used metaphorically ? to what do they correspond in other domains ? what is the usefulness of language metaphors for the domains in question ? 2 ) language as object of metaphor : what can language be compared to ? explicit ( e . g . neo-grammarian ' family tree ' ; saussure 's game of chess ; the city ) and implicit ( ? ) metaphors for language ; what do such metaphors reveal about language and how speakers view it ? how do metaphors for language relate to directions in linguistics ? please contact me : marie - lucie tarpent , mount st vincent u , halifax , n . s . b3m 2j6 canada ; 902-457 - 6172 ; marie-lucie . tarpent @ msvu . ca .
",0
1884,"Subject: tree - adjoining grammars workshop
 
 tag + workshop - - first call for papers august 1 to august 3 , 1998 tag tutorials - - preliminary announcement july 28 to july 31 , 1998 philadelphia , pa , usa url : http : / / www . cis . upenn . edu / ~ ircs / mol / tag98 . html the fourth workshop on tree-adjoining grammars and related frameworks ( hence the + after tag ) will be held at the institute for research in cognitive science at the university of pennsylvania in august 1998 , from august 1 to august 3 . previous workshops were held at dagstuhl ( 1990 ) , upenn ( 1992 ) , and univ . paris 7 ( 1994 ) . papers on all aspects of tag ( linguistic , mathematical , computational , and applicational ) , as well as papers relating tags to other frameworks , are invited . as in the past there will be some invited talks on other grammar formalisms which have interesting relationships to tags ( for example , categorial grammars and hpsg ) . guidelines for abstracts : abstracts should be at most two pages ( exclusive of references ) , and should be submitted in ascii format , as a . ps file , or as self-contained latex file to jmacdoug @ central . cis . upenn . edu . ( if email is not available , please send the abstract to the address given below . ) please indicate on the abstract if you would prefer to give a short presentation ( 10 minutes ) or a long one ( 30 minutes ) . the abstract should contain your name , address , and email address . proceedings including extended versions ( 4 pages ) of accepted abstracts will be available at the workshop . deadline for submission for abstracts : april 15 notification of acceptance : may 15 deadline for submission of camera-ready extended abstract : july 6 workshop dates : august 1 to august 3 if you do not want to submit an abstract , but would like to attend , we would appreciate it if you could inform us by email by july 6 ( unless you have already done so ) . if you would like to present a demo , please let us know as soon as possible , including information about required hard and software . program committee : anne abeille ( universit ' e paris 7 ) tilman becker ( dfki ) christy doran ( university of pennsylvania ) robert frank ( johns hopkins university ) klaus netter ( dfki ) richard oehrle ( university of arizona ) owen rambow ( cogentex , inc . ) giorgio satta ( universita di padova ) yuka tateisi ( university of tokyo ) k . vijayshanker ( university of delaware ) david weir ( university of sussex ) contact address : jennifer macdougall 553 moore building university of pennsylvania philadelphia , pa 19104-6389 usa telephone : ( 215 ) 898-3191 fax : ( 215 ) 898-0587 email : jmacdoug @ central . cis . upenn . edu tutorial : prior to the workshop there will be a tutorial ( including labs and demos ) from july 28 to july 31 1998 . details about the tutorial will be sent out soon . we are trying to get some partial support for some of the students attending the tutorials . if you may be interested in attending this tutorial , please contact jennifer macdougall at the address above ( preferably by email ) and we will send you more information . organizing committee : anne abeille ( paris 7 ) tilman becker ( dfki ) owen rambow ( cogentex , inc . ) giorgio satta ( universita di padova ) k . vijayshanker ( university of delaware )
",0
1885,"Subject: programme workshop on modality ( sle 98 )
 
 here is the definitive schedule of the workshop on modality in generative grammar during sle 98 , st andrews , scotland . thursday 27 august ( st salvators college room 31 ) : 10 . 30 hackl & nissenbaum : variable modal force in for-infinitival relative ( mit ) clauses . 11 . 30 quiben : on acd constructions and modals in spanish . ( madrid ) lunch 14 . 00 tomic : the relationship of negation , modality / mood in ( novi sad ) macedonian . 15 . 00 barbiers : modality and polarity . ( leiden ) tea 16 . 30 beukema & v . d . wurff modals , objects and negation in late ( leiden ) middle english . friday 28 august ( st salvators college room 31 ) : 10 . 30 gronemeyer the syntactic basis of evidentiality in ( lund ) lithuanian . 11 . 30 golden & sheppard slovene ( negative ) imperatives . ( ljubljana ) saturday 29 august ( st salvators college room 31 ) : 10 . 30 snyder syntax , semantics , chicken , and egg : ( pennsylvania ) some remarks on the development of modal auxiliaries in english . 11 . 30 abraham infinitivals , modals and the theory of pro ( groningen ) for further information about the programme of the workshop , contact frits beukema or sjef barbiers : beukema @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl barbiers @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl for information about the sle conference ( travel , lodging etc . ) , please consult the homepage : http : / / www . st-and . ac . uk / academic / modlangs / sle98 / sle98 . html
",0
1886,"Subject: kbcs-98 2nd call for papers
 
 k b c s-98 2nd call for papers international conference on knowledge based computer systems national centre for software technology mumbai , india december 17-18 , 1998 the deadline for submission of papers has now been extended to august 30 , 1998 the international conference on knowledge based computer systems will be held in mumbai , india during december 17-18 , 1998 . the conference is intended to act as a forum for promoting interaction among researchers in the field of artificial intelligence in india and abroad . there will be a one and a half day conference during december 17-18 , 1998 followed by a half day of post-conference tutorials on december 18 , 1998 . papers are invited on substantial , original and unpublished research on all aspects of artificial intelligence , including , but not limited to the following : o ai applications o ai architectures o automatic programming o cognitive modeling o expert systems o foundations of ai o genetic algorithms o information retrieval o intelligent agents o intelligent tutoring systems o knowledge acquisition o knowledge management o knowledge representation o machine learning o machine translation o natural language processing o neural networks o planning and scheduling o reasoning o robotics o search techniques o speech processing o theorem proving o uncertainty handling o vision programme committee k . s . r . anjaneyulu , ncst , mumbai s . arunkumar , iit , mumbai amitava bagchi , iim , calcutta pushpak bhattacharya , iit , mumbai nick cercone , u of regina , canada b . b . chaudhuri , isi , calcutta r . chandrasekar , u of pennsylvania , usa s . k . goyal , gte labs , usa s . sen gupta , tata infotech , mumbai j . r . isaac , niit , new delhi aravind k . joshi , u of pennsylvania , usa h . n . mahabala , infosys , bangalore m . narasimha murthy , iisc , bangalore r . narasimhan , cmc , bangalore s . ramani , ncst , mumbai ( chair ) p . v . s . rao , tifr , mumbai p . saint - dizier , u of paul sabatier , france r . sangal , iit , kanpur r . uthurusamy , gmr labs , usa ( co - chair ) m . vidyasagar , cair , bangalore * * to be confirmed organizing committee george arakal , ncst ( chair ) dhawal bhagwat , ncst s . karthik , ncst parag a . mahadane , ncst mandar padhye , ncst p . ravi prakash , ncst durgesh d . rao , ncst m . sasikumar , ncst puneet srivastava , ncst format of submission authors should submit their papers , not to exceed 5000 words ( including figures and references ) either electronically or in hard copy . papers should be in english . papers should include an abstract of about 100-200 words in length . papers outside the specified length are subject to rejection without review . since reviewing will be "" blind "" , the authors ' names and affiliations along with the main area of the paper should be given only on a separate cover sheet . those submitting by hard copy should send four copies of the paper . papers in electronic form can be in any of the following formats : plain text , postscript , pdf , latex , microsoft word ( rtf format ) or wordstar . submissions in electronic form are preferred . papers will be selected for presentation in the conference , based on international refereeing . proceedings of the conference consisting of papers selected for presentation , will be published by ncst and will be available internationally . abstracts of presented papers will be available on the web . a few selected papers will be published in a special issue of vivek . call for tutorials proposals are invited for post-conference tutorials . tutorials will be half-day and will be held on december 18th , 1998 . the proposal should be presented in the form of a 200 - word abstract , one page topical outline of the content , description of the proposers and their qualifications relating to the tutorial content . send papers and tutorial proposals to the kbcs-98 secretariat . submission deadlines papers : o due : august 30 , 1998 o acceptance notification : october 10 , 1998 o camera ready copy due : november 15 , 1998 tutorial proposals : o due : august 30 , 1998 o acceptance notification : september 15 , 1998 o materials due : november 25 , 1998 registration fees : conference : students : rs 600 delegates from not-for - profit organisations : rs 800 other delegates : rs 1200 tutorials : half day : rs 400 all payments should be made by a crossed cheque or draft , payable to national centre for software technology . for further information please refer to the kbcs-98 home page or write to the kbcs-98 secretariat . address kbcs-98 secretariat national centre for software technology gulmohar cross rd no . 9 juhu , mumbai 400 049 , india url : http : / / konark . ncst . ernet . in / ~ kbcs / kbcs98 / phone : + 91 ( 22 ) 620 1606 fax : + 91 ( 22 ) 621 0139 e - mail : kbcs @ konark . ncst . ernet . in
",0
1887,"Subject: call for genetic programming book proposals
 
 call for book proposals for kluwer book series on genetic programming kluwer academic publishers announces the genetic programming book series genetic programming is a technique for automatically synthesizing computer programs to solve problems . the kluwer book series on genetic programming will cover applications of genetic programming , theoretical foundations of genetic programming , technique extensions , and implementation issues . it be the first collection of monographs , edited collections , and advanced texts to cover this rapidly growing field . in order to publish material that is timely and reflects the state of the art , the series will focus on books of relatively narrow scope and moderate length and will feature a rapid publication schedule . the first book of the series , langdon 's genetic programming and data structures : genetic programming + data structures = automatic programming ! has already been published . topics may include , but are not limited to design , control , classification , system identification , data mining , pattern recognition and image analysis , data and image compression , evolvable machine language , evolvable hardware , and automatic programming of multi-agent and distributed systems . prospective authors : if you have an idea for a book which would fit in this series , we would welcome the opportunity to review your proposal . should you wish to discuss any potential project further or receive specific information regarding our book proposal requirements , please contact either john koza or scott delman . pleas enclose a short biography with your proposal . john r . koza consulting editor section on medical informatics department of medicine school of medicine medical school office building stanford university 94305-5479 usa e-mail : koza @ genetic-programming . org phone : 650-941 - 0336 fax : 650-941 - 9430 scott delman senior publishing editor kluwer academic publishers 101 philip drive assinippi park norwell , ma 02146 phone : 781-871 - 6311 ext . 299 fax : 781-871 - 7507 email : sdelman @ wkap . com
",0
1888,"Subject: phonology / phonetics workshop
 
 as part of the conference lp ' 98 ( linguistics & phonetics ' 98 ) at ohio state university september 15-20 , a workshop is being funded by the national science foundation september 19-20 , on syllable structure and gesture timing , covering issues related to phonetic and phonological accounts of segmentation and timing and ordering of gestures in speech , especially how sequences of consonants are represented . interested participants are invited to attend this workshop . presentations at the workshop will include the following . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - g . n . clements : affricates as internally unsequenced stops louis goldstein : ( tba ) john harris : the right edge of words and the left edge of syllables john ohala : doing without the syllable donca steriade : alternatives to the syllabic interpretation of segmental phonotactics ioana chitoran : some evidence for feature specification constraints on georgian consonant sequencing young - mee yu cho & tracy king : semi - syllables and universal syllabification alexei kochetov : neutralization of palatality : syllable structure or phonetic cues ? miguel vazquez - larruscain : the structure of the stricture features : on the limits of icelandic preaspiration yen - hwei lin : on minor syllables amanda miller - ockhuizen : c - v coarticulation and complex consonants frida morelli : are s + stop clusters really special ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - further information on the workshop , including information on lodging and location , can be found at the workshop website : http : / / www . ling . ohio-state . edu / events / phon _ workshop . html information on other sessions of lp ' 98 can be found at : http : / / www . cog . ohio-state . edu
",0
1889,"Subject: generative approaches to sla iv
 
 generative approaches to second language acquisition ( gasla ' 98 ) september 25-27 , 1998 university of pittsburgh / carnegie mellon university preliminary program the conference and entertainment events will take place in 2m56 / 2p56 forbes quad located between bouquet st . and bigelow blvd . the department of linguistics is on the 28th floor of the cathedral of learning , located between 5th avenue and forbes avenue . the phone number is 624-5900 and the administrators are carolyn , anna - mae , and rebecca . they will be available on friday from 8 . 30 until 5 : 00 for if you have any questions regarding the location of the conference . preliminary program friday , september 25 8 : 30-10 : 00 : registration ( ongoing ) 10 : 00 : opening remarks 10 : 30-12 : 00 : session 1 . 10 : 30 : ' the use and abuse of linguistic theory in l2 acquisition research ' bonnie d . schwartz , university of durham rex a . sprouse , indiana university 11 : 00 : ' transitivity alternations in l2 acquisition : toward a modular view of transfer ' silvina a . montrul , suny - albany 11 : 30 : ' syntactic structure and information structure in the acquisition of the english dative alternation by native speakers of japanese ' robert bley - vroman and kazuko katsufuji , university of hawaii 12 : 00 - 1 : 30 lunch break 1 : 30 - 3 : 00 : session 2 . 1 : 30 : ' surface unaccusativity in l2 japanese speakers ' makiko hirakawa , tokyo international university 2 : 00 : ' the role of the lexicon in the second language acquisition of spanish word order ' tammy jandrey hertel and ana teresa perez - leroux , the pennsylvania state university 2 : 30 : ' the l2 acquisition of telicity in english by spanish and slavic native speakers ' roumyana slabakova , university of iowa 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 : coffee break 3 : 30 - 5 : 00 : session 3 . 3 : 30 : ' the acquisition of possession in l2 dutch ' ineke van de craats , norbert corver and roeland van hout , tilburg university 4 : 00 : ' "" washing the faces "" : acquisition of possessor raising in l2 spanish ' beatriz centeno - cortes , gillian lord , erin o'rourke and ana teresa perez - leroux , the pennsylvania state university 4 : 30 : ' the "" compounding parameter "" in l2 acquisition : the subset principle revisited ' juana m . liceras , elena valenzuela , university of ottawa 5 : 15 : plenary : peter gordon : to be announced . 6 : 30 : wine and cheese saturday , september 26 9 : 30-10 : 30 : session 1 . 9 : 30 : ' variability in l2 english grammatical morphemes : the question of functional categories in a peformance versus knowledge paradigm ' g . martohardjono , k . kessler , i . finger and p . argodale , city university of new york 10 : 00 : ' using constituent coordination to explore functional projections ' helmut zobl , carleton university 10 : 30-11 : 00 coffee break 11 : 00-12 : 30 : session 2 . 11 : 00 : ' functional categories in child l2 acquisition of english : the acquisition of the ip system ' belma haznedar , bogazici university 11 : 30 : ' accounting for variability in sla : more evidence for the missing inflection hypothesis ' philippe prevost , universite laval lydia white , mcgill university 12 : 00 : ' the acquisition of tense and aspect in l2 english ' joanne sher grumet , city university of new york 12 : 30 - 2 : 00 lunch break 2 : 00 - 3 : 30 : session 3 . chair : 2 : 00 : ' on optionality and grammaticality in l2 knowledge ' donna lardiere , georgetown university 2 : 30 : ' second language acquisition ( sla ) as a promoting factor in language change ' doris stolberg , universitat tubingen 3 : 00 : ' adult second language acquisition and language change : on the mirror-world of chaos and order in language development ' carolina plaza - pust , j . - w . - goethe universitat 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 : coffee break 4 : 00 - 5 : 30 : session 4 . chair : 4 : 00 : ' principles of l2 pronunciation : the question of learnability ' fred eckman and gregory iverson , university of wisconsin - milwaukee 4 : 30 : ' the acquisition of english { theta } and { h } vs . { engma } by canadian francophones ' darlene lacharite and philippe prevost , universite laval 5 : 00 : ' the markedness differential hypothesis and vietnamese learners with english consonants ' hoa pham , university of toronto 5 : 45 : plenary : usha lakshmanan , southern illinois univ . ' clause structure in child second language grammars ' sunday , september 27 9 : 30-11 : 00 : session 1 . 9 : 30 : ' an unexpected wh-phrase extraction pattern in the advanced l2 english of malay speakers ' bee eng wong and roger hawkins , university of essex 10 : 00 : ' optimal questions in l2 acquisition ' rakesh m . bhatt , university of south carolina 10 : 30 : ' when and why-questions in sla ' hyeson park , university of arizona 11 : 00-11 : 30 : coffee break 11 : 30 - 1 : 30 : session 2 . 11 : 30 : ' the interpretation of "" combien . . . de "" extractions : the primacy of syntax in second language acquisition laurent dekydtspotter , rex a . sprouse and kimberly a . swanson , indiana university 12 : 00 : ' uniformity or difference : the german root and subordinate clause in adult sla ' susanne nimmrichter , franklin & marshall college 12 : 30 : ' the impersonal constructions in spanish and near-native competence : evidence against the fundamental difference hypothesis ' joyce l . s . bruhn de garavito , mcgill university 1 : 00 : plenary : ' ug in sla : the state of the question ' lydia white , mcgill university 2 . 00 business meeting announcements concerning the gasla 2000 conference at mit . alternate papers : sharon armon - lotem , univ . of maryland : preconjunctionals in child sla gasla iv september 25-27 th 1998 hosted by the university of pittsburgh and carnegie mellon university http : / / verb . linguist . pitt . edu / ~ gasla /
",0
1890,"Subject: vmc 13 + wsh prosody and meaning
 
 the vilem mathesius centre for research and education in semiotics and linguistics presents the vilem mathesius lecture series 13 & vmc / elsnet / mate workshop "" prosody and meaning "" november 9 - - 20 , 1998 prague , czech republic call for participation schedule & program program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the thirteenth cycle of the vilem mathesius lecture series , organized by the vilem mathesius centre for research and education in semiotics and linguistics ( charles university ) , will be held in prague , czech republic , from november 9 until 20 , 1998 . the scientific program will consist of the following invited courses ( for preliminary time-schedule see below ) : * emmon bach ( canada ) : "" problems of universal and parochial grammar "" * joan bresnan ( usa ) : "" optimal syntax "" * nicoletta calzolari ( italy ) : "" corpus based lexicon building "" * bernard comrie ( germany ) : "" ( 1 ) advances in our understanding of relative clauses . ( 2 ) form and function in reference-tracking systems . ( 3 ) agreement in tsez ( ne caucasian ) : a typological assessment . "" * edward l . keenan ( usa ) : "" language invariants \ & the role of morphology in grammar "" * christian lehmann ( germany ) : "" typology of possession "" * hans - heinrich lieb ( germany ) : "" words and word paradigms "" * mitch marcus ( usa ) : < tba > * karen sparck - jones ( england ) : "" information retrieval and language processing "" * hans uszkoreit ( germany ) : "" modelling of linguistic performance "" * bonnie webber ( usa ) : "" ( 1 ) approaching discourse through lexicalized grammar . ( 2 ) natural language generation in health care . "" among the czech lecturers invited to vmc 13 are frantisek cermak , miroslav cervenka , jan firbas , jan hajic , eva hajicova , jarmila panevova , jaroslav peregrin , and petr sgall . vmc / elsnet / mate workshop on "" prosody and meaning "" in connection with vmc 13 , there will be a special workshop prosody and meaning ( organized in cooperation with elsnet and mate consortium ) on friday november 13th and saturday november 14 , for which several prominent researchers in the domain of speech and language / speech have promised to participate . there is no special fee to be paid by the participants of vmc lecture series 13 for the participation at the workshop . there is a nominal fee of usd 60 for people wishing to participate in the workshop only . the fee covers accommodation ( incl . breakfast ) for three nights ( in double rooms , shared occupancy , in the same hotel where the workshop takes place ) and lunches for the 2 working days . schedule - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tentative time-schedule ( may be subject to change ) : week 1 ( monday 9 . 11 - firday 13 . 11 ) 9 . 30 - 11 . 00 11 . 30 - 13 . 00 14 . 30 - 16 . 00 16 . 30 - 18 . 00 9 . 11 . bresnan keenan bach calzolari 10 . 11 . bresnan keenan bach 11 . 11 . bresnan keenan calzolari 12 . 11 . x x bach calzolari vmc / elsnet / mate workshop "" prosody and meaning "" - friday november 13 and saturday november 14 . week 2 ( monday 16 . 11 - friday 20 . 11 ) 16 . 11 . marcus uszkoreit comrie sparck - jones 17 . 11 . marcus uszkoreit comrie sparck - jones 18 . 11 . webber uszkoreit lehmann sparck - jones 19 . 11 . webber marcus lehmann comrie 20 . 11 . webber lehmann lieb lieb participation ( deadline : september 15 , 1998 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the participation fee for vmc 13 is usd 350 , which includes tuition fee , accommodation , and lunches . in order to ensure accommodation , ( paying ) participants should register before * september 15 , 1998 * . the participation fee for the vmc / elsnet / mate workshop is usd 60 , for those not registered for the lecture series . the fee covers accommodation ( incl . breakfast ) for three nights ( in double rooms , shared occupancy , in the same hotel where the workshop takes place ) and lunches for the 2 working days . there is financial support available for students from germany , via the goethe institut and the deutsche forschungsgemeinschaft ( dfg ) : studenten sollen sich an die r . bosch - stiftung wenden , promovierte an die dfg ( s . unten ) , anfhrend , da sie eine internationale begegnung von studenten aus etwa 15 lndern west - , mittel - und osteuropas mit guter tradition besuchen wollen , die an eine tagung des vilem - mathesius - zentrums der karlsuniversitt anknpft , und da sie diese adresse von dr . michael de la fontaine , goethe - institut prag , bekommen haben . ihre reise , aufenthalt von zwei wochen im hotel krystal und ein per-diem , das neben anderem das mittags - und abendessen versichern kann , soll ihnen bezahlt werden . robert bosch - stiftung c / o dr . peter theiner leiter des programms fr internationale verstndigung heidehofstr . 31 70184 stuttgart deutsche forschungsgemeinschaft organisationsplan der geschftsstelle kennedyallee 40 53170 bonn please contact mrs . brdickova or prof . hajicova at the following address for registration or further information . mrs . libuse brdickova institute of formal and applied linguistics ufal mff uk malostranske nam . 25 cz-11800 praha 1 czech republic { hajicova , brdickov } @ ufal . mff . cuni . cz ( phone ) + + 420 - 2-2191 - 4278 ( fax ) + + 420 - 2-2191 - 4309 check our website at http : / / kwetal . ms . mff . cuni . cz / ~ gj / vmc /
",0
1891,"Subject: toc : bgs 8 . 1 ( 1998 )
 
 contents of beitraege zur geschichte der sprachwissenschaft ( bgs ) 8 . 1 / 1998 , ed . by klaus d . dutz & peter schmitter articles : j . l . subbiondo : 17th - century universal grammar and contemporary linguistics . john wilkins and noam chomsky ; l . jooken & p . swiggers : lord monboddo 's views on the corruption and preservation of language . with the edition of an unpublished manuscript ( 1766 ) ; h . sauer : ' principia grammaticae illyricae ' . zwei bairische englischgrammatiken aus dem spaeten 18 . jahrhundert ; k . - a . forsgren : on "" valency grammar "" in 19th - century german grammar . discussion : j . - p . saint - gerand : aporie ou prototype ? certes ! exemple de detail chez antoine meillet ; s . heinz : die keltologie an der humboldt - vormals friedrich - wilhelms - universitaet . eine ideengeschichte und ihre umsetzung . reports on meetings : e . nowak : x . internationales kolloquium des sgds ( 18 . - 21 . 6 . 1997 , potsdam , deutschland ) . sprachdiskussion und beschreibung von sprachen im 17 . und 18 . jahrhundert ; r . hofman : manuscripts and tradition of grammatical texts from antiquity to the renaissance . 11th course of the international school for the study of written records ( 16 . - 23 . 10 . 1997 , erice , italy ) ; e . poppe : irland und europa im fruehen mittelalter . texte und ueberlieferung . 5 . internationales kolloquium der universitaet konstanz ( 16 . - 20 . 3 . 1998 , konstanz , deutschland ) . reports on projects : j . hafner & b . schlieben - lange : diskursformationen - die ' grammaire generale ' an den ecoles centrales ( 1795 - 1803 ) . obituary / reviews / short reviews the annual subscription rate for bgs ( issn 0939-2815 ) is dem 135 . 00 ( incl . postage and handling ) for libraries and institutions . for subscription contact your local bookseller or directly write to : nodus publikationen , p . o . box 5725 , d-48031 muenster , germany . manuscripts ( 2 copies ) should be directed to either of the following editors : klaus d . dutz , p . o . box 5725 , d-48031 muenster , germany ( e-mail : dutz . nodus @ t-online . de ) ; peter schmitter , department of german education , hankuk university of foreign studies , imun - dong 270 , dongdaemun - gu , seoul , 130-791 korea ( e-mail : schmitpe @ maincc . hufs . ac . kr ) . prof . dr . peter schmitter department of german education hankuk university of foreign studies , seoul e-mail : schmitpe @ maincc . hufs . ac . kr
",0
1892,"Subject: toc : ijglsa 3 . 1
 
 volume 3 , number 1 ( spring 1998 ) interdisciplinary journal for germanic lingusitics and semiotic analysis contents : farronato , christina : holbein 's "" dead christ "" and the horror of the broken narrative liberman , anatoly : toward a theory of west germanic breakings nth , winfried : symmetry in signs and semiotic systems page , richard : a gestural approach to lexical diffusion and neogrammarian sound change in common scandinavian penzl , herbert and thomas f . shannon : shakespeare 's stage pronunciation : part of "" proto - american english "" ? sanjins , jos : baroque - shores of eco 's "" the island of the day before "" reviews - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - subscription ( 2 issues per year ) : students $ 15 ; individuals $ 20 ; institutions $ 30 subscribe to : irauch @ socrates . berkeley . edu back issues available at $ 10 per issue or full year at subscription cost
",0
1893,"Subject: translation
 
 john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new title in the field of translation : a practical guide to software localization bert esselink 1998 . 280 pp . languages in world directories , 3 us / canada : pb : 1 55619 743 8 price : usd 24 . 95 cloth : 1 55619 742 x price : usd 63 . 00 rest of the world : pb : 90 272 1954 0 nlg 50 . 00 cloth : 90 272 1953 2 nlg 126 . 00 with chapters on translating software , translating on-line help and documentation translation memory tools , project management and terminology management , a practical guide to software localization covers many of the areas localizers must work in . much attention is paid to the daily tasks and responsibilities of project managers , localization engineers and most importantly - translators all facing the localization . the examples in the reference a typical localization project translating from english into french , italian , german and spanish but the material is applicable to most language instances . the platforms discussed are microsoft windows and apples macos . the book does not cover such topics as internationalization , double-byte localization , multimedia localization and other operating systems such os / 2 and unix . still the book will fill a felt need for many . website support will provide regular updates . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
",0
1894,"Subject: computationally - intensive methods in quantitative ling
 
 second workshop in computationally-intensive methods in quantitative linguistics department of statistics university of glasgow , uk 7 - 9 september 1998 final call for registration in recent years techniques from disciplines such as computer science , articficial intelligence and statistics have found their way into the pages of journals such as the journal of quantitative linguistics , literary and linguistic computing and computers and the humanities . while this influx may bring more advanced methods of analysis to the fields of quantitative linguistics , stylometry and stylistics , the demands upon researchers to understand and use these new techniques are great . familiarity with the appropriate software and the ear of a sympathetic expert are pre-requisites without which the technique may seem out of reach to the average researcher . the humanities advanced technology and information institute and the department of statistics of the university of glasgow are hence supporting this practical workshop in computationally - intensive methods in quantitative linguistics . the workshop is designed to introduce the participants to four such techniques in a practical environment . each half-day session will be divided into an introductory session in a lecture theatre and a longer period spent working with software and practical examples . all of the speakers have published papers using the analyses they will present and their aim in this workshop is to enable the participants to return to their home institutions able to carry out these techniques in the course of their own research . the sessions and speakers are as follows : harald baayen ; max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen , the netherlands . large number of rare event models walter daelemans ; university of tilburg , the netherlands . linguistics as data mining : using machine learning techniques to discover linguistic generalizations michael oakes ; university of lancaster , unted kingdom . multivariate statistics in corpus linguistics fiona tweedie ; university of glasgow , united kingdom . time series models in linguistics the workshop will be held in the mathematics building of the university of glasgow , commencing on monday 7 september at 1pm . the four workshop sessions will take place on monday afternoon , tuesday 8 september and the morning of wednesday 9 september . there will also be a half day tour on the wednesday afternoon and a reception in the hunterian art gallery on monday evening . accommodation has been arranged in university accommodation with some en suite facilities . the reception , tea and coffee , lunches on 8 and 9 september and evening meals on 7 and 8 september are included in the registration fee . the registration fee is gbp200 . 00 and gbp150 . 00 for students . participants who are also attending the digital resources in the humanities conference , 9-12 september are eligible for a discount in the registration fees . for more information about the workshop and to register , please consult the web site at http : / / www . stats . gla . ac . uk / ~ cimql , or contact the conference and vacation office ( tel : + 44 141 330 5385 , fax : + 44 141 334 5465 ) .
",0
1895,"Subject: bgs 7 . 2 ( 1997 )
 
 contents of beitraege zur geschichte der sprachwissenschaft ( bgs ) 7 . 2 / 1997 , ed . by klaus d . dutz & peter schmitter articles : peter jaritz : die wundt - delbrueck - debatte ; klaas - hinrich ehlers : "" dass ich an der foerderung aller phonologischen probleme lebhaften anteil nehme "" . leo weisgerbers ' unwahrscheinliche ' beziehung zur prager schule der linguistik ; jutta steinmetz : vollkommenheit und ordnung bei johann peter suessmilch ; xiaoping yao : sixty years historiography of linguistics in china . discussion : pius ten hacken : progress and incommensurability in linguistics . reviews / short reviews / new publications the annual subscription rate for bgs ( issn 0939-2815 ) is dem 135 , 00 ( incl . postage and handling ) for libraries and institutions . for subscription contact your local bookseller or directly write to : nodus publikationen , p . o . box 5725 , d-48031 muenster , germany . manuscripts ( 2 copies ) should be directed to either of the following editors : klaus d . dutz , p . o . box 5725 , d-48031 germany : peter schmitter , department of german education , hankuk university of foreign studies , imun - dong 270 , dongdaemun - gu , seoul , 130-791 korea ( e-mail : schmitpe @ maincc . hufs . ac . kr ) .
",0
1896,"Subject: journal of cognitive systems research
 
 call for papers : new electronic journal of cognitive systems research call for papers journal of cognitive systems research editors - in - chief ron sun e - mail : rsun @ cs . ua . edu department of computer science and department of psychology university of alabama tuscaloosa al , usa vasant honavar e - mail : honavar @ cs . iastate . edu department of computer science iowa state university usa gregg oden e - mail : gregg-oden @ uiowa . edu department of psychology university of iowa usa the journal of cognitive systems research covers all topics in the study of cognitive processes , in both natural and artificial systems : knowledge representation and reasoning learning perception action memory problem - solving and cognitive skills language and communication agents integrative studies of cognitive systems the journal emphasizes the integration / synthesis of ideas , concepts , constructs , theories , and techniques from multiple paradigms , perspectives , and disciplines , in the analysis , understanding and design of cognitive and intelligent systems . contributions describing results obtained within the traditional disciplines are also sought if such work has broader implications and relevance . the journal seeks to foster and promote the discussion of novel approaches in studying cognitive and intelligent systems . it also encourages cross-fertilization of disciplines , by publishing high-quality contributions in all of the areas of study , including artificial intelligence , linguistics , psychology , psychiatry , philosophy , system and control theory , anthropology , sociology , biological sciences , and neuroscience . the scope of the journal includes the study of a variety of different cognitive systems , at different levels , ranging from social / cultural cognition , to individual cognitive agents , to components of such systems . of particular interest are theoretical , experimental , and integrative studies and computational modeling of cognitive systems , at different levels of detail , and from different perspectives . please send submissions in postscript format by electronic mail to one of the three co - editors - in - chief . note the journal transends traditional disciplinary boundaries , and considers contributions from all relevant disciplines and approaches . the key is the quality of the work and the accessibility and relevance to readers in different disciplines . the first issue of this new on-line journal , published by elsevierscience , will appear in early 1999 . in addition to this electronic journal , the issues will also be printed and bound as archival volume . published papers will be considered automatically for inclusion in specially edited books on cognitive systems research . for further information , see : http : / / cs . ua . edu / ~ rsun / journal . html - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - action editors : john barnden , school of computer science , university of birmingham , u . k . \ \ william bechtel , department of philosophy , washington university , st . louis , usa . \ \ rik belew , computer science and engineering department , university of california , san diego , usa . \ \ mark h . bickhard , department of psychology , lehigh university , usa . \ \ deric bownds , dept . of zoology , university of wisconsin , madison , usa . \ \ david chalmers , department of philosophy , university of california , santa cruz , usa . \ \ b . chandrasekaran , department of computer and information science , ohio state university , usa . \ \ marco dorigo , university of brussels , brussels , belgium \ \ michael dyer , computer science department , university of california , los angeles , usa . \ \ lee giles , nec research institute , princeton , new jersey , usa . \ \ george graham , philosophy department , university of alabama at birmingham , birmingham , al , usa . \ \ stephen j . hanson , psychology dept . , rutgers university , newark , new jersey , usa . \ \ valerie gray hardcastle , dept . of philosophy , virginia polytechnic and state university , blacksburg , virginia , usa . \ \ james hendler , department of computer science , university of maryland , college park , usa . \ \ stephen m . kosslyn , department of psychology , harvard university , usa . \ \ george lakoff , dept . of linguistics , university of california , berkeley , usa . \ \ joseph ledoux , center for neuroscience , new york university , new york , usa . \ \ daniel levine , department of psychology , university of texas at arlington , usa . \ \ vladimir j . lumelsky , robotics laboratory , department of mechanical engineering , university of wisconsin , madison , usa . \ \ james pustejovsky , brandeis university , massachusetts , usa . \ \ lynne m . reder , department of psychology , carnegie mellon university , pittsburgh , pa 15213 , usa . \ \ jude shavlik , computer sciences department , university of wisconsin , madison , usa . \ \ tim shallice , department of psychology , university college , london , uk \ \ aaron sloman , school of computer science , the university of birmingham , uk . \ \ paul thagard , philosophy department , university of waterloo , canada . \ \ leonard uhr , computer sciences department , university of wisconsin , madison , usa . \ \ david waltz , nec research institute , princeton , nj , usa . \ \ xin yao , dept . of computer science , australian defense force academy , canberra , australia . \ \
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1897,"Subject: sinn und bedeutung 1998 - 3rd call
 
 3rd call for papers sinn und bedeutung 1998 3rd annual meeting of the gesellschaft fuer semantik ( ' association for semantics ' ) the third annual meeting of the gesellschaft fr semantik ( ' association for semantics ' ) will be held at the university of leipzig , between december 11 - 13 , 1998 . the main purpose of the conference , sinn und bedeutung 1998 , is to provide a forum for presenting work in progress and receiving feedback from other members of the semantics community . papers describing research contributions on any aspect of semantics are welcome for discussion . conference languages will be german and english . continuously updated information on sinn und bedeutung 1998 ( including accommodation , conference program , location etc . ) can be found at the website : http : / / www . uni-leipzig . de / ~ asw / sinn98 / index _ eg . htm invited speakers : peter gaerdenfors ( lund university , cognitive science kungshuset , lund ) : concept combination - a geometrical model manfred krifka ( university of texas , department of linguistics , austin ) : for a structured account of questions and answers alice ter meulen ( university of groningen , center for language and cognition , groningen ) : three degrees of dynamic involvement : the case of temporal reasoning submission of abstracts : all researchers in the area , but especially ph . d . students and young researchers , are invited to submit an abstract for a 30 - minute contributed talk ( plus 15 minutes for discussion ) on any topic in semantic theory . abstracts ( in english or german ) should be no more than 1500 words ( excluding references ) , but not less than 1000 words long . * deadline for submission of abstracts : september 15 , 1998 * authors should send 3 anonymous copies , plus 1 additional copy including the author 's name , affiliation and e-mail address . please use the following address : "" sinn und bedeutung 1998 "" universitt leipzig institut fr sprach - und bersetzungswissenschaft abteilung allgemeine sprachwissenschaft augustusplatz 9 d-04109 leipzig germany submissions by e-mail will be also accepted but only as plain text ( no attachments ! ) . fax submissions will not be accepted . all contributions will be reviewed by at least three members of the program committee . criteria for selection will include clarity , originality , and significance of results . program committee : josef bayer ( university of jena ) johannes doelling ( university of leipzig ) gerhard heyer ( university of leipzig ) ewald lang ( humboldt university berlin ) ingolf max ( university of leipzig ) susan olsen ( university of leipzig ) peter staudacher ( university of potsdam ) anita steube ( university of leipzig ) heinrich wansing ( university of leipzig ) the conference program and short versions of the abstracts ( to be submitted by the accepted speakers , see below ) will be made available at this website by november 20 , 1998 . dates to note : deadline for abstracts : september 15 , 1998 notification of acceptance : november 1 , 1998 deadline for short versions of the abstracts : november 10 , 1998 conference program : november 20 , 1998 conference : december 11 - 13 , 1998 contact : "" sinn und bedeutung 1998 "" universitaet leipzig institut fr sprach - und uebersetzungswissenschaft abteilung allgemeine sprachwissenschaft augustusplatz 9 d-04109 leipzig germany fax : + 49-341 - 97-37649 phone : + 49-341 - 97-37342 ( james witt ) + 49-341 - 97-37343 ( holden haertl ) + 49-341 - 97-37864 ( andreas spaeth ) e - mail : sinn98 @ rz . uni-leipzig . de in order to have an idea of the number of participants we can expect , we would like to ask you for early registration by e-mail with the form below . the organizers : anita steube , susan olsen , johannes doelling , holden haertl , andreas spaeth , james witt = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = registration form first name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ last name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ code _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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1898,"Subject: conference on the mental lexicon
 
 conference announcement first international conference on the mental lexicon edmonton , canada , september 3 - 5 , 1998 the conference will be held in the campus of the university of alberta . the program of the conference ( including all platform and poster sessions ) and other information are available at the conference website : http : / / www . ualberta . ca / ~ linguis / lexiconf . html _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ roberto g . de almeida roberto @ gpu . srv . ualberta . ca department of linguistics university of alberta phones ( 403 ) 492-0805 ( office ) edmonton , alberta ( 403 ) 492-5952 ( lab ) canada t6g 2e7 fax ( 403 ) 492-0806 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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1899,"Subject: literature , philology , and computers
 
 apologies for cross-posting - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - literature , philology and computers an international seminar university of edinburgh school of european languages and cultures ( italian ) 7 - 9 september 1998 < http : / / www . ed . ac . uk / ~ esit04 / seminar . htm > the seminar is running back-to - back with drh98 in glasgow ( http : / / drh98 . hatii . arts . gla . ac . uk / ) , and offers an excellent opportunity to flavour the best of the european school of humanities computing ( see programme below ) combined with a visit to scotland 's historic capital city . conference fees : 35 per person ( academic ) / 25 ( associated institutions ) / 15 ( post-graduate ) . this includes a buffet lunch on 8 september . venue : edinburgh university , adam ferguson building , george square . for further details please contact either domenico fiormonte at domenico . fiormonte @ ed . ac . uk . or dr anna middleton at anna . middleton @ ed . ac . uk ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ seminar programme ( provisional ) monday 7 september 1998 1pm - 2pm registration in room g . 10 , adam ferguson building , george square , edinburgh 2pm opening remarks by prof . sir stewart sutherland , principal of the university of edinburgh 2 . 15pm - 5pm session 1 - the new electronic textuality willard mccarty ( king 's college london , u . k . ) , "" what is humanities computing ? "" lou burnard ( university of oxford , u . k . ) , "" hermeneutical implications of text encoding "" . fabio ciotti ( university of rome , italy ) , "" text encoding as a theoretic language for literary text analysis . "" tuesday 8 september 9 . 30 am - 12 . 30 am session 2a - philology and computers antonio zampolli , ( university of pisa , cnr , italy ) , "" towards the consensual standard for natural language processing "" . francisco marcos - marin ( universidad autonoma , madrid , spain ) wher is electronic philology going ? present and future of a discipline . "" allen renear ( brown university , usa ) , "" text ontology and edition philology - - facing the hard questions . "" claire warwick ( university of oxford , u . k . ) , "" ' reports of my death have been greatly exaggerated . ' scholarly editing in the digital age "" . 2 . 00pm - 5 . 30pm session 2b - philology and computers david robey ( manchester university , u . k . ) , "" problems of computer-based stylistics : the structure of sounds in the divine comedy . "" mirko tavoni ( university of pisa , italy ) , "" the italian library online : the cibit project . "" massimo guerrieri ( university of rome , italy ) , "" towards a new edition of eugenio montale 's i mottetti : electronic variants and statistical analysis . "" francesca coraggio ( university of rome , italy ) , "" computer - based analysis of semantic patterns in antonio tabucchi 's notturno indiano . "" wednesday 9 september 9 . 30am - 12 . 30pm session 3 - hypertext and web projects giuseppe gigliozzi ( university of rome , italy ) "" researching and teaching italian literature in the digital era : the crilet project "" . federico pellizzi ( university of bologna , italy ) , "" hypertext as a critical discourse . "" elisabeth burr ( university of duisburg , germany ) , "" teaching romance linguistics with on - line french , italian and spanish corpora . "" lars erik holmquist and staffan bjork ( viktoria institute , sweden ) , "" showing overview and detail in digital variants : the focus + context browser . "" licia calvi , ( university of antwerp , belgium ) , "" the post - modern web : an experimental setting . ""
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1900,"Subject: mt summit ' 99 cfp
 
 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = machine translation summit vii september 13-17 , 1999 , singapore call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the seventh machine translation summit , organized by the asia - pacific association for machine translation ( aamt ) , will be held at kent ridge digital labs on the campus of national university of singapore from 13 to 17 september 1999 . mt summit vii , which is the last conference of the 20th century in the premier series of conferences on machine translation , will provide a forum for discussing the prospect of mt and related areas in the coming century . mt summit vii will feature an expanded program including research papers , reports on users ' experiences , discussions of policy issues , invited talks , panels , exhibitions , tutorials , and workshops . aamt invites all who are interested in any aspect of machine translation - researchers , developers , providers , users , and watchers - to participate in the conference . conference schedule : 13 september 1999 tutorials 14-16 september 1999 papers , panels and exhibitions 17 september 1999 workshops papers mt summit vii seeks original papers in all aspects of machine translation . topics of interests include , but are not limited to : - methodologies for mt ( rule-based , knowledge-based , analogy-based , statistics-based , etc . ) - practical mt systems ( mt for professional translation , mt for the internet , mt for localization , etc . ) - translation aids ( translation memory , terminology databases , etc . ) - speech and dialogue translation - natural language analysis and generation techniques - dictionaries and lexicons for mt systems - text corpora for mt and knowledge extraction from corpora - human factors in mt and user interfaces - evaluation techniques - standards in text and lexicon encoding for mt - cross - lingual information retrieval - mt and related technologies ( information retrieval , text categorization , text summarization , information extraction , etc . ) there will be three categories of papers : ( 1 ) research papers : submissions are invited for reports of significant research results in any aspect of machine translation and related areas . such reports should include a substantial evaluative component . papers should be in english , not longer than 5 , 000 words . ( 2 ) system presentations with demos : submissions are invited for reports on the design , implementation , operation and evaluation of operational and prototype systems . reports should be in english , not longer than 2 , 000 words . ( 3 ) user studies : submissions are invited for reports on users ' experiences with applying mt to some task , evaluation of mt systems , analysis of mt markets , etc . reports should be in english , not longer than 5 , 000 words . all types of papers should be submitted to the address below and must be received by the indicated date . papers should include a cover page with the following information : - paper title , - author ( s ) ' name ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , address ( es ) , and e-mail address ( es ) , - 200 word abstract , - for research papers : up to 5 keywords , - for system presentations with demos : the word "" system presentation with demo "" , and the hardware , software and network requirement for the demonstration , - for user studies : the word "" user study "" . please mail 4 hardcopies of the paper to : mt summit vii asia - pacific association for machine translation ( aamt ) 3f , shiba - koen sanada bldg . 3 - 5-12 shiba - koen , minato - ku , tokyo 105-0011 , japan in addition , please submit an ascii version of the cover page electronically to : aamt0001 @ infotokyo . or . jp important dates : 15 april 1999 paper submission deadline 30 may 1999 notifications 15 july 1999 final camera-ready copy deadline - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for exhibits in addition to the scheduled system presentations with demos , vendor booths will showcase commercial products ongoing basis throughout the conference . exhibits will not be restricted to machine translation systems but include a variety of nlp applications . if you would like to exhibit , please contact the local organizing secretary ( e-mail : vicky @ krdl . org . sg ) by april 15 , 1999 . call for panel / special session / invited speaker proposals submissions are invited for panel sessions dealing with significant , controversial and timely issues in machine translation . proposals should include the description of the topic , and preferably the names and affiliations of panelists who could represent diverse positions or approach to the topic . proposals for special sessions and invited speakers are also welcome . these proposals should be sent to the program chair ( e-mail : mt-summit - 99 - sessions @ mlist . ccm . cl . nec . co . jp ) by november 30 , 1998 . call for tutorial proposals proposals are solicited for tutorials on both technological and practical issues in machine translation . submissions should be made to the local organizing chair ( e-mail : hweeboon @ krdl . org . sg ) by november 30 , 1998 . they should include ( 1 ) the length of the tutorial ( either a half day or full day ) ; ( 2 ) an outline of the tutorial ; ( 3 ) the intended audience ( introductory , intermediate , advanced ) ; ( 4 ) complete contact information for the contact person ; and ( 5 ) brief biographies of the presenters . call for workshop proposals proposals are solicited for one-day workshops which bring together a relatively small group of people involved in a specific problem area of machine translation , to advance the state of the art in that area . submissions should be made to the program vice chair ( e-mail : tonglc @ krdl . org . sg ) by november 30 , 1998 . they should include the theme and goal of the workshop , the planned activities , and a list of potential participants . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - about singapore singapore is a vibrant , sophisticated city state of 3 million people offering the best of modern facilities and comforts while retaining her heritage and culture . a progressive , cosmopolitan city , singapore has the world 's best airport - changi international airport - and lies at the crossroads of asia . known for her food and shopping , singapore is a thriving nucleus for tourism , trade and finance . the climate in singapore is tropical all year round with high humidity and temperatures varying between 23 degrees celsius ( 74 f ) in the evening to 32 degrees celsius ( 90 f ) during the day . showers are sporadic and heavy but also brief and refreshing . light summer clothing may be worn throughout the day . about the venue kent ridge digital labs ( krdl ) is a national applied research & development organization established in january 1998 through the merger of former national it institutes - the information technology institute ( iti ) and the institute of systems science ( iss ) . with a diverse team of more than 400 research scientists , krdl 's aim is to be the premier research and development organization in asia - pacific for information and networking technologies . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - conference organization general chair : hozumi tanaka , tokyo institute of technology , japan local organizing committee chair : hwee boon low , kent ridge digital labs , singapore secretary : victorine chen - toh , kent ridge digital labs , singapore program committee chair : jun - ichi tsujii , university of tokyo , japan and umist , uk vice chair : loong cheong tong , kent ridge digital labs , singapore members : virginia cha , star + globe technologies , singapore jason s . chang , national tsing hua university , taiwan zhaoxiong chen , kezhi co . , china key - sun choi , korean advanced institute of science and technology , korea robert dale , macquarie university , australia zhendong dong , chinese information processing society , china dominique estival , university of melbourne , australia changning huang , tsinghua university , china hitoshi iida , atr interpreting telecommunications research laboratories , japan etsuo ito , toshiba corporation , japan hiroyuki kaji , hitachi , ltd . , japan shin - ichiro kamei , nec corporation , japan asanee kawtrakul , kasetsart university , thailand kunio matsui , fujitsu laboratories ltd . , japan se young park , electronics and telecommunications research institute , korea wanchai rivepiboon , chulalongkorn university , thailand trihono sastrohartono , agency for the assessment and application of technology , indonesia youlwon seong , language and computer , ltd . , korea keh - yih su , behavior design corporation , taiwan chew lim tan , national university of singapore , singapore benjamin k . tsou , city university of hong kong , hong kong yusoff zaharin , universiti sains malaysia , malaysia international advisors : laurie gerber , systran software , inc . , usa eduard hovy , usc information sciences institute , usa john hutchins , university of east anglia , uk antonio sanfillipo , linglink , luxembourg - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - further information for more details , please call vicky at ( 65 ) 874 2003 or fax ( 65 ) 776 8109 . you may also visit the web - site : http : / / www . krdl . org . sg = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
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1901,"Subject: ecai-98 # 11 : final call for participation
 
 ecai-98 august 23-28 1998 brighton uk ( ` - ' ecai-98 : the 13th european conference on artificial intelligence final call for participation http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 ecai-98 takes place next week ! over 500 delegates will be participating in tutorials , workshops , the main conference and the social programmes . further on-site registrations are very welcome too . register on sunday between 15 . 00 and 18 . 00 to avoid the rush on monday morning . full details of the conference as well as useful information for registered delegates can be found on the website . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ecai-98 secretariat tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 678448 centre for advanced software applications fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 671320 university of sussex email : ecai98 @ cogs . susx . ac . uk brighton , bn1 9qh , uk http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 ecai-98 is organised by the european coordinating committee for artificial intelligence ( eccai ) and hosted by the universities of brighton and sussex on behalf of aisb . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
1902,"Subject: perceiving and performing gender
 
 perceiving and performing gender : 4th symposion on gender research 12-14 november , kiel university , germany contact : susanne oelkers < oelkers @ zif . uni-kiel . de > preliminary program : thursday , nov . 12 , 1998 opening address at 6 : 30 p . m . by prof . dr . ruprecht haensel president of christian - albrechts - university at kiel gisela boehrk minister for education , science , research , and culture of schleswig - holstein prof . dr . gudula linck director of zif , cau kiel 7 : 00 - 8 : 00 p . m . : introductory remarks : wahrnehmung und herstellung von geschlecht dr . ursula pasero , zif , cau friday , nov . 13 , 1998 9 : 00 - 10 : 00 a . m . prof . dr . anthony mulac department of communication , university of california , santa barbara perceptions of women and men based on their linguistic behavior : the gender - linked language effect 10 : 00 - 11 : 00 a . m . prof . dr . donald g . mackay department of psychology , university of california , los angeles learning , comprehending , and thinking gender in english , german , and spanish coffee break 11 : 30 - 12 : 30 a . m . prof . dr . mahzarin r . banaji department of psychology , yale university implicit prejudice lunch break 2 : 30 - 6 : 00 p . m . concurrent panel sessions ( coffee breaks ) 6 : 00 - 7 : 00 p . m . prof . dr . jutta allmendinger institut fr soziologie , ludwig - maximilians - universitaet muenchen and prof . dr . j . richard hackman department of psychology , harvard university mitigating the stress of gender recomposition : a cross-institutional , cross-national analysis informal gathering for refreshments and getting acquainted saturday , nov . 14 , 1998 9 : 00 - 10 : 00 a . m . prof . dr . thomas w . laqueur department of history , university of california , berkeley the invention and gendering of onanism , 1711 - 1974 10 : 00 - 11 : 00 a . m . prof . dr . elisabeth bronfen englisches seminar , universitaet zuerich sprache der hysterie im zeichen der geschlechterdifferenz coffee break 11 : 30 - 12 : 30 a . m . prof . dr . allucqure rosanne stone advanced communication technologies laboratory , department of radio - tv - film , university of texas , austin title pending lunch break 2 : 30 - 3 : 30 p . m . poster presentation and discussion period coffee break 3 : 30 - 6 : 00 p . m . concurrent panel sessions 6 : 00 - 7 : 00 p . m . dr . ursula pasero : closing remarks the following papers were selected for presentation in panel sessions : session 1 : "" voice and language "" - sociobiological ideologies of gender difference in phonetic research norma mendoza - denton ( tuscon , arizona , usa ) / elizabeth a . strand ( columbus , ohio , usa ) - female and male vowel systems : does time play a role ? dr . adrian simpson ( kiel , germany ) - a comparison of gender differences in the production and perception of aspects of voice quality monique biemans ( nijmegen , netherlands ) - gender perception influences speech processing elizabeth a . strand ( columbus , ohio , usa ) - performing gender through voice pitch : a comparative study of monolingual and bilingual speakers of japanese and english yumiko ohara ( sapporo , japan ) - low pitch in the linguistic performance of california latina gang girls stefanie jannedy ( columbus , ohio , usa ) / norma mendoza - denton ( tuscon , arizona , usa ) - proverbs and gender discourse in morocco najia el alami ( ifrane , morocco ) - "" a german woman would n't understand "" : constructing more than just gender ingrid piller ( hamburg , germany ) session 2 : "" text , art , media "" - geschlecht im cyberspace yvonne bauer / ute je - desaever ( germany ) - erotic masculinities and the representation of sexual difference brian curtin ( united kingdom ) - male sex roles in french television advertisements : is masculinity redefined ? theodora ziamou ( paris , france ) - presenting , perceiving and performing gender in pre - raphaelite art patricia plummer ( mainz , germany ) - staging the self : women constructing identities in theatre sarah colvin ( edinburgh , united kingdom ) - perceiving and performing gender in the drama of caryl churchill annette pankratz ( passau , germany ) - real and hyperreal : a politics of the other annette comte ( burwood , victoria , australia ) - thus spoke the medusa : the demise of the masculine / feminine dichotomy in friedrich nietzsche and hlne cixous kelly s . meyer ( notre dame , indiana , usa ) - gebrtlichkeit und geschlecht nach hannah arendt und rahel levin varnhagen claudia jost ( hamburg , germany ) session 3 : "" history and remembrance "" - the end of masculinity : gender performance and the male body in early modern germany bettina mathes ( berlin , germany ) - rough masculinity : the mythologizing of the sailor in nineteenth century britain valerie burton ( st . john 's , newfoundland , canada ) - masculinization feminization : utopian and scientific experiments in the early 20th century heiko stoff ( hamburg , germany ) - motherliness and mastery : german women and constructions of gender and "" race "" in nazi - occupied poland 1940-44 elizabeth harvey ( liverpool , united kingdom ) - gedchtnis und geschlecht : franzsische widerstandsdenkmler als ausdruck von nationaler erinnerungskultur und ort der inszenierung von geschlechterverhltnissen mechthild gilzmer ( berlin , germany ) session 4 : "" occupation and family "" - should i stay or should i go ? wer verlt die wissenschaft als beruf janina von stebut / stefan fuchs ( mnchen , germany ) - women lawyers in germany perception and construction of feminity ulrike schulz ( hagen , germany ) - von lwen , menschen und organisationen sylvia m . wilz ( dortmund , germany ) - jenseits der grenzen von geschlecht ? lebensthemen und ihre bedeutung in partnerschaften barbara keddi / patricia pfeil ( mnchen , germany ) session 5 : "" nature and body "" - geschlecht zwischen natur und konstrukt . zur bedeutung des naturbegriffs fr eine kritische sozialwissenschaft christine hauskeller ( darmstadt , germany ) - interpretationen des geschlechterverhltnisses in der modernen verhaltenskologie inge schrder ( kiel , germany ) - perceiving gender : wahrnehmung der eigenen geschlechtsrollenidentifikation und krperlichen bzw . psychischen befindlichkeit kerrin christiansen ( hamburg , germany ) - sex testing , sport , and national identity : gender performance and america 's democratic bodies cheryl l . cole ( urbana , illinois , usa ) - sexuelle gewalt gegen frauen : die ermittlung von protektiven entwicklungsbedingungen bei mnnern und ihre implikationen fr prvention susanne kade ( bamberg , germany ) session 6 : "" construction of gender "" - process of professional education and socialization of woman academics : the construction of feminity in a biographical and generative point of view monika klinkhammer ( bonn , germany ) - soziale identitten contra geschlechtsidentitten anita fetzer ( stuttgart , germany ) / angelika glckner - rist / anina mischau ( mannheim , germany ) - konstruktionen von mnnlichkeit in der frauen - und mnnerforschung zwischen stereotypisierung und differenzierung und ihre bedeutung fr eine reflexive geschlechterforschung mathias rudlof ( berlin , germany ) - persnliche konstrukte zu frauen und mnnern in unterschiedlichen sozialen rollen christine altsttter - gleich ( landau , germany ) - "" wo ist denn der vater ? "" verque ( e ) re gedanken zum thema erziehung und geschlecht anja tervooren ( berlin , germany ) - konstruktion von krisenbewltigung aus geschlechtsspezifischer perspektive heike schemmel ( bamberg , germany ) contact : susanne oelkers < oelkers @ zif . uni-kiel . de >
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1903,"Subject: hong kong journal of applied linguistics
 
 the second issue of the second volume of the hong kong journal of applied linguistics is devoted to the topic of language rights . the guest editor is phil benson . the issue contains the following articles : language rights and the medium - of-instruction issue in hong kong by phil benson hong kong children 's rights to a culturally compatible english education by angel m . y . lin language rights and the hong kong courts by anne cheung > from dialect to grapholect : written cantonese from a folkloristic viewpoint by chin wan - kan two name formation systems in one country : cantonese people 's attachment to names in hong kong by fu kin - hung and shin kataoka geoff smith , co - editor , geoff smith english centre university of hong kong pokfulam road hong kong phone : ( 852 ) - 2964-5760 fax : ( 852 ) - 2547-3409
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1904,"Subject: ecdl98 - final call for participation
 
 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ final call for participation second european conference on research and advanced technology for digital libraries european european ics-forth university of union research crete consortium for informatics and mathematics - ieee computer society - lambrakis research foundation - ote - forthnet - general secretariat for research and technology , ministry for development , hellenic republic - hellenic ministry of culture - intracom - net computers & peripherals - general electric capital information technology solutions - cabernet - ergodata - air greece - swets & zeitlinger b . v . 19 - 23 september , 1998 knossos royal village , heraklion , crete , greece web page : http : / / www . csi . forth . gr / 2eurodl e - mail : ecdl @ cc . uch . gr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ we cordially invite you to join us at the second european conference on research and advanced technology for digital libraries , to be held at heraklion , crete , greece , september 19-23 . a wellcoming reception will take place on sunday , september 20 , 19 : 00 , at knossos royal village , by the pool . the conference opening session will take place at 9 . 00a . m . on monday the 21th of september 1998 and the final session will take place on wednesday afternoon , the 23rd of september 1998 . traditional cretan dinner with traditional cretan music will be organized on tuesday , september 22 , at a restaurant in the lasithi plateau , with a panoramic view of the area . the technical talks are complemented by internationally renowned experts ' invited presentations and special sessions , panel discussions , as well as poster and demonstration sessions . the 7th delos workshop on electronic commerce will be held jointly with the second european conference on research and advanced technology . tutorials will be organized on the 19th and 20th of september 1998 . detailed information concerning registration and accomodation , as well as an electronic version of the registration form , can be found at the conference web pages , http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / registration . html and http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / hotel . html most recent additions to the conference programme include another w3c sponsored tutorial on saturday , september 19 ( early registration fee will be charged for the new tutorial , "" using rdf to manage multilingual web sites "" , presented by janne saarela ) . for the most updated information regarding the conference programme please consult the conference web page , under the ' conference programme ' section , http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / programme . html for specific information please consult the appropriate sections of the conference web pages : paper sessions - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / accpapers . html panel sessions - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / panels . html posters - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / posters . html demos - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / demos . html tutorials - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / tutorials . html invited speakers - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / speakers . html special sessions - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / sessions . html 7th delos workshop on electronic commerce - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / delos-7 . html
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1905,"Subject: convergence / divergence of dialects conf - final
 
 european science foundation the convergence and divergence of dialects in a changing europe university of reading , 17-19 september , 1998 final announcement and registration details the final conference of the european science foundation network on the convergence and divergence of dialects in a changing europe will take place at the university of reading , england , on 17-19 september , 1998 . it will include invited lectures by gaetano berruto ( turin ) , william labov ( pennsylvania ) and peter trudgill ( lausanne ) , as well as lectures by members of the network . papers for this event are welcome from everyone working in the area of dialect convergence and divergence in europe , both from a diachronic and a synchronic perspective , using qualitative or quantitative methodology . contributions on the smaller languages of europe are particularly welcome , as are papers on syntax , prosody and discourse . note that we take 'd ialect ' to refer to any non-standard language variety , and that we exclude from consideration relations between what are normally held to be different languages . closing date for receipt of abstracts : 16th march 1998 ( revised deadline ) decision on acceptance of abstracts : by 8th may themes : 1 . the role of standardisation in dialect convergence / divergence 2 . political boundaries and divergence / convergence 3 . the effect of migration on convergence / divergence 4 . historical perspectives on convergence / divergence ( earlier periods , long-term changes , etc . ) 5 . methods for the study of convergence / divergence 6 . dialect convergence / divergence and the light they shed on linguistic and sociolinguistic theory languages of conference : english and french format of papers : 45 minutes ( 30 minutes plus 15 minutes discussion ) , or posters abstracts : either four paper copies of a single-sheet abstract to be sent to paul kerswill at the address below , or an e-mail version to be sent to him on p . e . kerswill @ reading . ac . uk . state which theme your abstract comes under , and whether it is for a paper or a poster . at the top , give your name , institution ( university , etc . ) , address , e-mail address , fax and phone numbers . abstracts must be received by 16th march 1998 . registration : see the following website and click on ' registration form ' : http : / / www . linguistics . reading . ac . uk / research / seminars / dialect / - or e-mail paul kerswill . the site will also contain updates , as will the esf 's : http : / / www . esf . org / diala . htm # finalconference arrival details : reading is in the south of england , between london and oxford . london 's heathrow airport is under an hour away by airport bus . gatwick airport is easily reached by train ( one hour 15 minutes ) . dr paul kerswill ( esf ) department of linguistic science the university of reading whiteknights , po box 218 reading rg6 6aa , uk tel . + 44 118 987 5123 fax + 44 118 975 3365 e-mail p . e . kerswill @ reading . ac . uk peter auer ( hamburg ) , co-chair of network , e-mail auer @ rrz . uni-hamburg . de frans hinskens ( nijmegen ) , co-chair of network , e-mail f . hinskens @ let . kun . nl paul kerswill , local organiser 24 / 1 / 98
",0
1906,"Subject: calls : workshop on american indigenous languages ( wail )
 
 workshop on american indigenous languages santa barbara , ca may 9-10 , 1998 the linguistics department at the university or california , santa barbara issues a call for papers to be presented at its first annual workshop on american indigenous languages ( wail ) . the workshop will be a forum for the discussion of theoretical and descriptive linguistic studies of indigenous languages of the americas . the workshop will take place on saturday and sunday may 9-10 , 1998 on the campus of the university of california , santa barbara . our invited speakers will be nicola bessel , wallace chafe , and marianne mithun . dr . bessell has worked extensively on the phonetics / phonology interface in coeur d ' alene salish . dr . chafe 's current research involves documentation of the seneca and caddo languages . he is also writing a popular book on the importance of native american languages . dr . mithun has just completed a book on the languages of north america for the green series put out by cambridge university press . anonymous abstracts are invited for talks on any topic in linguistics . talks will be 20 minutes , followed by 10 minutes for discussion . individuals may submit abstracts for one single and one co-authored paper . abstracts should be one page with a 500 word limit . a separate page for data and references may be included , if necessary . abstracts may be submitted in hardcopy or by email . the deadline for receipt of abstracts is february 22 , 1998 . for hardcopy submittal , please send four copies of your anonymous one-page abstract . in the envelope , include a 3x5 card with the following information : a . name b . affiliation c . mailing address d . phone number e . e-mail address f . title of your paper hardcopy abstracts should be mailed to : workshop on american indigenous languages department of linguistics university of california , santa barbara santa barbara , ca 93106 email submissions are encouraged . to submit an abstract by email , the information that would be included on the 3x5 card should be in the body of the email message , with the anonymous abstract sent as an attachment . email abstracts should be sent to : wail @ humanitas . ucsb . edu deadline for receipt of abstracts : february 22 , 1998 notification of acceptance will be by email in mid - march . general information santa barbara is situated on the pacific ocean near the santa ynez mountains . the ucsb campus is located near the santa barbara airport , and is approximately 90 miles north of lax airport in los angeles . shuttle buses run from lax to santa barbara several times each day . information about hotel accomodations will be provided on request . crash space for participants may be available with graduate students in the ucsb linguistics department for those who arrange early . wail is co-sponsored by the ucsb linguistics department and the department 's native american indian languages ( nail ) study group , which has been meeting regularly in santa barbara since 1990 , providing a forum for the discussion of issues relating to native american language and culture . for further information contact the conference coordinator at wail @ humanitas . ucsb . edu or ( 805 ) 893-3776 .
",0
1907,"Subject: nels 29 program
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * n e l s 29 * * * * * * * * * * * * * annual meeting of the northeastern linguistic society * * * university of delaware , newark , de october 16-18 , 1998 < http : / / sun . ling . udel . edu / nels - 29 > nels - 29 @ udel . edu registration information preregistration fees * * * $ 20 ( us ) for students and $ 40 ( us ) for others before september 16 , 1998 . on - site registration fees * * * $ 25 ( us ) for students and $ 50 ( us ) for others for further information , including the registration form , please consult the nels 29 website or contact us at the e-mail address listed above . < http : / / sun . ling . udel . edu / nels - 29 > nels 29 preliminary schedule this schedule will be updated on the nels 29 web page as more information becomes available . you can also find information about accommodations and traveling to the university of delaware on the web page . friday , october 16th talks 1 : 00 - 1 : 30 mark baker & ot stewart "" verb movement , objects , and verb serialization "" 1 : 30 - 2 : 00 junko shimoyama "" complex nps and wh - quantification in japanese "" 2 : 00 - 2 : 30 paul elbourne "" does attract f carry along ff [ f ] "" 2 : 30 - 3 : 30 break 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 elisabeth villalta "" resolution of scope ambiguities in ' how many ' questions "" 4 : 00 - 4 : 30 nigel duffield & ayumi matsuo "" the acquisition of ellipsis and anaphora by first and second language learners "" 4 : 30 - 5 : 00 charlotte koster & kenneth drozd "" dutch children 's understanding of bound - variable constructions "" 5 : 00 - 5 : 30 break 5 : 30 - 6 : 00 felicia lee "" evidence for tense in a ' tenseless ' language "" 6 : 00 - 6 : 30 natalia kondrashova "" barenaked tenses and their morphological outfits "" saturday , october 17 , 1998 talks 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 johan rooryck & guido vanden wyngaerd "" puzzles of identity : binding at the interface "" 9 : 30-10 : 00 phil branigan & marguerite mackenzie "" binding relations and the nature of pro in innu - aimun "" 10 : 00-10 : 30 idan landau "" control and extraposition : the case of super - equi "" 10 : 30-11 : 00 break 11 : 00-11 : 30 ted fernald "" an anaphoric account of stage - level predicates "" 11 : 30-12 : 00 uli sauerland "" why variables ? "" 12 : 00-12 : 30 julie anne legate "" on the interpretation of indefinites "" 12 : 30 - 2 : 00 lunch parallel sessions 2 : 00 - 2 : 30 roumyana izvorski "" specificational pseudoclefts have equative syntax ( and this helps explain their crosslinguistic availability ) "" jongho jun "" generalized sympathy "" 2 : 30 - 3 : 00 masao ochi "" multiple spell - out and pf adjacency "" gunnar olafur hansson "" ' when in doubt . . . ' : intraparadigmatic dependencies and gaps in icelandic "" 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 artemis alexiadou "" an ergative pattern in a nominative - accusative language "" amanda miller - ockhuizen "" reduplication in ju / ' hoasi : tone determines weight "" 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 break 4 : 00 - 4 : 30 cristina schmitt & alan munn "" against the nominal mapping parameter : bare nouns in brazilian portuguese "" sung - a kim "" tone spread decomposed : phonological rule v . phonetic timing "" 4 : 30 - 5 : 00 christina tortora "" agreement , case , and i-subjects "" marie - helene cote "" syllable structure and domain-final strengthening : evidence from basque "" 5 : 00 - 5 : 30 xuan zhou "" mandarin negations as negative aspectual elements "" alexei kochetov "" constraints on distribution of palatalized stops : evidence for licensing by cue "" 5 : 30 - 8 : 00 dinner 8 : 00 party sunday , october 18 , 1998 9 : 30-10 : 00 steven bird "" word domains and double downstep in bamileke - dschang "" 10 : 00-10 : 30 paola monachesi "" syntactic and prosodic properties of italian restructuring verbs "" 10 : 30-11 : 00 hisao tokizaki "" prosodic phrasing and bare phrase structure "" 11 : 00-11 : 30 coffee break 11 : 30-12 : 00 takashi toyoshima "" move 1st : a dynamic economy plan "" 12 : 00-12 : 30 ida toivonen "" swedish place expressions "" 12 : 30 - 1 : 00 rajesh bhatt "" argument - adjunct asymmetries in rhetorical questions "" alternate papers : yoonjung kang "" ' universal ' markedness and markedness reversal "" ken vanbik & andreas kathol "" morphology - syntax interface in lai internally - headed relative clauses "" jong - bok kim "" constraints on the formation of korean and english resultatives "" poster presentations : there will be two poster sessions : friday , 2 : 30 - 5 : 30 saturday , 9 : 00-12 : 30 the schedule for which posters are in which session will be posted to the nels 29 web page when times are finalized . brian agbayani "" the locality and optionality of scrambling "" calixto aguero - batista "" identity effects in spanish diminutives "" mee - jin ahn "" vowel length - driven syllable weight "" artemis alexiadou & elena anagnostopoulou "" non - active morphology and the direction of transitivity alternations "" elena anagnostopoulou "" on clitics , feature movement and double object alternations "" ralph blight "" subjects positions and ellipsis in germanic "" cedric boeckx "" expletive split : existentials and presentationals "" patrick bye "" extending prosodic faithfulness : evidence from the mora "" gloria cocchi "" on symmetrical double object constructions : a case of multiple feature-checking "" kenneth drozd & erik van loosbroek "" dutch children 's comprehension of constructions with the focus particle ` alleen ' ( ` only ' ) "" tom ernst "" adjuncts , the universal base , and word order typology "" adamantios gafos & linda lombardi "" consonant transparency in vowel echo "" chung - hye han "" the contribution of force and mood in the semantics of imperatives "" hooi ling soh "" object scrambling in chinese : a comparison with scrambling in dutch and german "" david lebeaux "" where does the binding theory apply ? "" winfried lechner "" on comparative deletion "" ki - suk lee "" additional wh-effects on different constructions "" bruce moren "" syllable weight asymmetries in distinctive and coercive environments "" ileana paul "" malagasy wh-movement "" sasa vukic "" on case and the mlc "" phillippe schlenker "" skolem functions and the scope of indefinites "" sandra stjepanovic "" superiority and multiple sluicing in serbo - croatian "" stefano vegnduzzo "" sequence of aspects ( and lack thereof ) in naudm "" colin wilson "" bidirectional optimization and the binding theory "" jie zhang "" the / n / - / ng / asymmetry upon / r / - suffixation in beijing and elsewhere - - max or ident ? ""
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1908,"Subject: workshop on embodied conversational characters
 
 call for participation the first workshop on embodied conversational characters with support of aaai cooperation of acm / sigchi granlibakken resort & conference center at lake tahoe tahoe city ( north shore ) california , usa october 12-15 , 1998 recent advances in several core software technologies have made possible a new type of human-computer interface : the conversational character . conversational characters are autonomous , anthropomorphic , animated figures that have the ability to communicate through multiple modalities , including spoken language , facial expressions , and gestures . unlike textual natural language interfaces , conversational characters have the ability to perceive and produce the verbal and non-verbal signals that identify discourse structure and regulate the flow of information between interlocutors . such signals include intonational patterns , gestures , back-channel feedback signals , and turn-taking protocols . these capabilities enable them to engage in complex interactions with human users via natural speech rather than complex command languages , menus or graphical manipulations . research on conversational characters has emerged from a number of disciplines , including , among others , artificial intelligence , computational linguistics , computer animation , computer vision , psychology , cognitive science , virtual reality , cscw , and hci . this diversity is naturally reflected in the broad range of active research areas in conversational character interfaces . the primary goal of this workshop is to advance the state of conversational character research and development by identifying novel approaches to the topics and issues listed below , and integrating them into a framework for embodied , conversational human-computer interaction . a provisional program can be found at http : / / www . fxpal . com / wecc98 / . attendance attendance will be limited to 40 people . there will be space for a few attendees who did not submit papers . non - presenters wishing to attend the workshop should submit a one page description of their current research interests and their relation to the workshop themes . research descriptions should be emailed to prevost @ pal . xerox . com no later than september 14 , 1998 . the list of attendees will be finalized by september 18 . workshop organizers joseph w . sullivan , fx palo alto lab , usa ( sullivan @ pal . xerox . com ) justine cassell , mit media laboratory , usa ( justine @ media . mit . edu ) workshop program committee committee co - chairs : scott prevost , fx palo alto lab , usa ( prevost @ pal . xerox . com ) elizabeth churchill , fx palo alto lab , usa ( churchill @ pal . xerox . com ) committee members : elisabeth andr , dfki gmbh , germany ( elisabeth . andre @ dfki . de ) gene ball , microsoft research , usa ( geneb @ microsoft . com ) phil cohen , oregon graduate institute , usa ( pcohen @ cse . ogi . edu ) barbara hayes - roth , stanford univ . , usa ( hayes-roth @ cs . stanford . edu ) kenji mase , atr international , japan ( mase @ mic . atr . co . jp ) clifford nass , stanford university , usa ( nass @ leland . stanford . edu ) mark steedman , university of pennsylvania , usa ( steedman @ cis . upenn . edu ) kris thorisson , lego a / s , denmark ( kris @ digi . lego . com ) demos chair : timothy bickmore , isii inc . , usa ( bickmore @ pal . xerox . com ) additional information for more information , please consult the workshop web page : www . fxpal . com / wecc98 /
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1909,"Subject: ppsn - v call for participation
 
 call for participation fifth international conference on parallel problem solving from nature ppsn - v amsterdam , the netherlands 27-30 september 1998 http : / / www . wi . leidenuniv . nl / cs / alp / ppsn98 . html the scientific content of the ppsn conference focuses on the topic of problem solving paradigms gleaned from natural models , including ( but not limited to ) organic evolution , neural network based learning processes , immune systems , life and its properties in general , dna strands , chemical and physical processes . ppsn - v will be held between 27-30 september 1998 in the golden tulip barbizon palace hotel , in the very heart of amsterdam . on the first day of the conference , september 27th ( sunday ) , eight tutorials will be given by well-known experts in evolutionary computation and related fields . the technical sessions will be held on 28 , 29 and 30 september . each day starts with an oral presentation from an invited speaker addressing hot topics in the context of evolutionary computation . the technical sessions contain 100 contributions which were selected from 185 papers submitted to the conference organizers . ppsn - v adjoins the foundations of genetic algorithms 5 workshop on theoretical aspects of evolutionary computation ( foga 5 ) , held in leiden , the netherlands , 24-26 september 1998 . for registration information and the latest updates on the ppsn - v look at http : / / www . wi . leidenuniv . nl / cs / alp / ppsn98 . html
",0
1910,"Subject: creating sense : texts and realities
 
 "" creating sense : texts and realities "" organized by national university of singapore dept of english language and literature with cambridge university press and materials development association 7 - 9 september 1998 orchard hotel , singapore further details on registration and accommodation : http : / / nusinfo . nus . sg / nusinfo / fass / ell / createsense98 monday 7 september 9 . 00 opening and conference announcements ( orchard ballroom 1 ) 9 . 30 plenary session ( orchard ballroom 1 ) david nunan : principles for the design of speaking and listening materials . 10 . 30 coffee 11 . 00 parallel sessions , set 1 ( x3 ) until 11 . 40 : brian tomlinson : creating sense from the inner voice . ( rosewood ) nancy jordan renman : learning to write in english : rethinking written discourse pedagogy . ( lavender 1 ) martin montgomery : communicating nationalism : the discourse of a party election broadcast by the scottish national party . ( lavender 2 ) 11 . 45 parallel sessions , set 2 ( x3 ) until 12 . 25 nittaya campbell : making sense of legal english . ( rosewood ) ho chee lick : ' family ' in teenage magazine discourse . ( lavender 1 ) peter k . w . tan : my word or yours ? malay loan words across different englishes ( lavender 2 ) 12 . 30 - - 2 . 00 lunch 2 . 00 - 5 . 00 parallel 3 - hour workshops : jane arnold : materials development : a step towards autonomy ( ob 1 ) david nunan : using authentic data in materials design ( rosewood ) brian tomlinson : developing materials for creative reading ( 1 ) ( l 1 ) martin montgomery : working with media materials in the classroom : television advertising . ( lavender 2 ) 3 . 00 - 4 . 00 afternoon tea ( workshop breaks during this period ) 5 . 00 end of day 1 tuesday 8 september 8 . 50 announcements , followed by plenary session ( orchard ballroom 1 ) liz hamp - lyons : which englishes ? problems for writing assessment . 10 . 00 coffee 10 . 30 parallel sessions , set 3 ( x 4 ) until 11 . 10 robert ceperkovic : ' i got it from the internet ! ' critical awareness and the internet : are the two incongruous ? ( orchard ballroom 1 ) desmond allison , susheela varghese and wu siew mei : tasks , feedback , and writing development . ( rosewood ) edward chan : privileged accounts of reality : the only possible form of knowledge and narrative . ( juniper ) lisa lim and lee ee may : diphthongs in singapore english : articulating our realities . ( cypress ) 11 . 15 parallel sessions , set 4 ( x4 ) until 11 . 55 carl mills : going beyond language to create sense in scientific discourse . ( orchard ballroom 1 ) ramona tang and suganthi john : the i in identity : exploring writer identity in student academic writing through the first person pronoun . ( rosewood ) lim beng soon , samantha su , nina venkataraman and wee bee geok : citizenship examined : a linguistic analysis of newspaper articles of flight mi185 crash in december 1997 . ( juniper ) daniel kies : i see what you mean : the theoretical consequences of blurring distinctions between speech and writing . ( cypress ) 12 . 00 parallel sessions , set 5 ( x3 ) until 12 . 40 peter millward : making sense in dramatic contexts . ( orchard ballroom 1 ) asha tickoo : how to create a crisis : a study of esl narrative prose . ( r ) hitomi masuhara : the multi-dimensional representation model : a neural interpretation of the process of creating sense during thereading process . ( juniper ) linda thompson : children creating social contexts through discourse ( cypress ) 12 . 40 - - 13 . 40 lunch 1 . 45 - - 4 . 45 parallel 3 - hour workshops : jane arnold : affect and materials development . ( orchard ballroom 1 ) liz hamp - lyons : judging writing : products and processes . ( rosewood ) mario rinvolucri : developing exercises that respect the way the ' mind-brain ' makes sense of things ( 1 ) . ( juniper ) brian tomlinson developing materials for creative reading ( 2 ) . ( cypress ) ( 3 . 00 - 4 . 00 afternoon tea ) 5 . 10 - 6 . 10 distinguished visiting professor lecture ( orchard ballroom 1 ) george p . landow , brown university : how does one make sense in hypertext ? or , reading in e - space . 6 . 10 end of day 2 wednesday 9 september 8 . 50 announcements followed by plenary session ( orchard ballroom 1 ) mario rinvolucri : filters - - some of the ways we ' cook ' reality for ourselves . 10 . 00 coffee 10 . 30 parallel sessions , set 6 ( x4 ) until 11 . 10 shi - xu and manfred kienpointner : culture as arguable : a comparative - discourse - - analytical approach to intercultural mass communication . ( rosewood ) kath copley : death of the ' tyrant ' : media constructions of pol pot at the time of his passing . ( lavender 1 ) catherine kuo : in search of oneself : a case study of growing through writing in an advanced efl classroom in taiwan . ( lavender 2 ) susan hassall : ' creating worlds ' : constructing narrative in picture books . ( cypress ) 11 . 15 parallel sessions , set 7 ( x4 ) until 11 . 55 : yang ruiying : negotiating meaning : an analysis of chinese learners ' conversations in english . ( rosewood ) takehiko nishioka : a study on the japanese high school students ' skill in expressing subjectivity in their writings . ( lavender 2 ) jeffrey p . jones : creating political common sense : politically incorrect and lay political discourse . ( cypress ) 12 . 00 parallel sessions , set 8 ( x3 ) until 12 . 40 graeme cane : ' leaving in a taxt , in a huff , or in a minute and a huff : using idioms to make and remake meaning . ( rosewood ) donald l . smith : when the japanese student hits the internet head-on . ( lavender 2 ) khoo sim eng : making sense of the singapore feminine identity in local television advertisements . ( cypress ) 12 . 40 - - 1 . 30 lunch 1 . 30 - 4 . 30 parallel 3 - hour workshops : jane arnold : brain - friendly materials . ( orchard ballroom 1 ) mario rinvolucri : developing exercises that respect the way the ' mind-brain ' makes sense of things ( 2 ) . ( rosewood ) anneliese kramer - dahl & maha sripathy : developing critical textual awareness . ( lavender 1 ) hitomi masuhara : creating multi-dimensional sense in reading . ( lavender 2 ) ( 3 . 00 - 4 . 00 afternoon tea ) 4 . 30 end of workshop sessions 4 . 35 closing session - - brief commentaries on the conference ( in orchard ballroom1 ) 5 . 00 end of conference
",0
1911,"Subject: germanic linguistics annual conference-5 , 1999
 
 germanic linguistics annual conference-5 ( glac - 5 ) will take place at the university of texas at austin , april 16-18 , 1999 . we invite colleagues at all levels ( faculty and graduate students ) to submit abstracts for 30 - minute papers on any linguistic or philological aspect of any historic or modern germanic language or dialect , including english ( to 1500 ) and the extraterritorial varieties . papers from a range of linguistic subfields , including phonetics , phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics , sociolinguistics , language acquisition , contact , and change , as well as differing theoretical approaches , are especially welcome . please send to the address below a one-page , 12 - point font abstract that is headed only by the title of your paper , as well as a separate 3 "" x 5 "" index card with your name , institutional affiliation , mailing address , phone / fax numbers , e-mail address , and the title of your paper . submissions must be received by january 2 , 1999 . notifications of acceptance will be sent out by february 1 , 1999 . glac - 5 department of germanic studies e . p . schoch 3 . 102 university of texas at austin austin , texas 78712 for more information , e-mail prof . mark l . louden ( louden @ mail . utexas . edu ) or prof . mark r . v . southern ( m . southern @ mail . utexas . edu ) . as of october 1 , 1998 , you may also consult the glac - 5 website via the ut germanic studies departmental website at www . utexas . edu / depts / german / main . html .
",0
1912,"Subject: call : neural symbolic processing
 
 nips * 98 conference workshop ( part of international conference on neural information processing systems ) december 4 and 5 , 1998 breckenridge , colorado hybrid neural symbolic integration - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - stefan wermter , university of sunderland , uk ron sun , university of alabama , usa description and motivation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - in the past it was very controversial whether neural or symbolic approaches alone will be sufficient to provide a general framework for intelligent processing . in recent years , the field of hybrid neural symbolic processing has seen a remarkable development . the motivation for the integration of symbolic and neural models of cognition and intelligent behavior comes from many different sources . > from the perspective of cognitive neuroscience , a symbolic interpretation of an artificial neural network architecture is desirable , since the brain has a neuronal structure and the capability to perform symbolic processing . this leads to the question how different processing mechanisms can bridge the large gap between , for instance , acoustic or visual input signals and symbolic reasoning for instance for language processing , inferencing , etc . > from the perspective of knowledge-based processing , hybrid neural / symbolic representations are advantageous , since different mutually complementary properties can be integrated . symbolic representations have advantages with respect to easy interpretation , explicit control , fast initial coding , dynamic variable binding and knowledge abstraction . on the other hand , neural representations show advantages for gradual analog plausibility , learning , robust fault-tolerant processing , and generalization to similar input . since these advantages are mutually complementary , a hybrid symbolic connectionist architecture can be useful if different processing strategies have to be supported . areas of interest - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - integration of symbolic and neural techniques for - integrating techniques for language and speech processing - integrating different modes of reasoning and inferencing - combining different techniques in data mining - integration for vision , language , multimedia - hybrid techniques in knowledge based systems - combining fuzzy / neuro techniques - neural / symbolic techniques and applications in engineering - exploratory research in - emergent symbolic behavior based on neural networks - interpretation and explanation of neural networks - knowledge extraction from neural networks - various forms of interacting knowledge representations - dynamic systems and recurrent networks - evolutionary techniques for cognitive tasks ( language , reasoning , etc ) - autonomous learning systems for cognitive agents that utilize both neural and symbolic learning techniques format - - - - - the workshop should provide a forum for presenting and discussing theory and practice of neural / symbolic integration . the format will consist of position statements / panel , group discussion and individual paper presentations . we intend to reserve a significant portion of time for open discussion . the proposed length of the workshop is two days . suggested panels are : 1 . connectionist models for language , vision , inferencing . what are principles for neural / symbolic representation ? 2 . hybrid neural models for new media ( multimedia , web searching , digital libraries , etc ) what will be the impact of hybrid techniques in the future ? submission - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - it is intended to publish the results after the workshop , either in a book ( springer ) or via a special issue of a journal . we invite papers which can take two forms : short position papers ( around 4 pages ) or full papers ( up to 12 pages ) . we intend to process submissions electronically . please a postscript file via ftp ( see below ) . the paper format should be compatible with latex article format : 11pt , 12 pages maximum , including title , address and email address , abstract , figures , references . notifications will be sent by email to the first author . postscript files can be uploaded with anonymous ftp . please send a notification message to stefan . wermter @ sunderland . ac . uk ftp isis . sunderland . ac . uk ( 157 . 228 . 12 . 13 ) login : anonymous password : < your email address > cd pub / wermter binary put < yourfile . ps > or < yourfile . ps . gz > quit the paper must arrive not later than 25th september 1998 at the address below . # # # # # # # # # # # # # # submission deadline : 25th september 1998 for an update on invited speakers , panel and information please see http : / / osiris . sunderland . ac . uk / ~ cs0stw / wermter / workshops / nips-workshop . html please send correspondence to : nips workshop contact - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * professor stefan wermter research chair in intelligent systems university of sunderland school of computing & information systems st peters way sunderland sr6 0dd united kingdom phone : + 44 191 515 3279 fax : + 44 191 515 2781 email : stefan . wermter @ sunderland . ac . uk http : / / osiris . sunderland . ac . uk / ~ cs0stw / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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1913,"Subject: iada conference
 
 marcelo dascal and his colleagues are organizing together with iada a conference at the university of tel aviv from june 13-16 , 1999 . the main topic of this joint conference will be negotiations . there will be two parts : june , 13-15 pragmatics of negotiation , organized by the colleagues from tel aviv june , 15-16 negotiation as a dialogic concept , organized by marcelo dascal and edda weigand on behalf of iada the iada part will be structured according to plenary papers and sessions or round-tables . we cordially invite all our members and other colleagues to take part in this conference . in recent years , the topic negotiation has become a central dialogic concept , not only as a specific type of dialogue but in general as a crucial term for linguistic , philosophical , and interdisciplinary methodology . meaning and understanding in general are negotiated in dialogue . all these facets of the term can be addressed in individual papers or be taken as the topic of round-tables . this first circular is intended as a call for papers and proposals for round-tables . round tables consist of a series of closely related lectures on a specific subtopic of negotiation . the conference language will be english . conference homepage : http : / / zsf5 . uni-muenster . de / zsf / iada / tel1circ . htm for further information please ask : prof . edda weigand university of muenster fb 11 : philologie sprachwissenschaft bispinghof 2b d-48143 muenster germany tel . : + 49 / 251 / 8328494 fax . : + 49 / 251 / 8328495 e - mail : weigand @ uni-muenster . de
",0
1914,"Subject: armenian ling
 
 * * * second and last call for papers * * * sixth international conference on armenian linguistics - paris , july 5 - 9 , 1999 the sixth international conference on armenian linguistics will be held in paris , july 5 - 9 , under the auspices of the institut national des langues et civilisations orientales ( inalco ) papers will not be restricted in terms of topic or theoretical approach . workshops will be organized according to paper proposals . deadline for submission of proposals : 30 september 1998 proposals for presentations should be sent to : anaid donabedian , 57 , bd jourdan , 75014 paris , france fax + 33 1 44 15 10 61 e-mail : donabed @ ext . jussieu . fr submissions sent by fax or email are welcome , if followed by copy by post . proposals should include : 1 . participation form ; see the form below . 2 . an anonymous abstract ( three copies ) indicating clearly the author 's theoretical assumptions and , methodology , and showing how the research represents original work in the field of armenian linguistics or linguistics generally . the abstract should include a brief bibliography . ( total 1 - 2 page a4 ; languages : french , english , armenian ) the conference may provide financial support for transportation and / or room and board fees for participants who reside permanently in armenia or other eastern bloc countries , whose papers are accepted for presentation . participants from other countries who have no institutional backing may also apply for support . preference will be given partly to young scholars . the fee for participating in the conference will be 500 ff ( roughly us $ 100 ) ( students : 150 ff ) comfortable lodging ( shower , wc , telephone ) at reasonable rates ( 150-200 fft ) will be available at the cite internationale universitaire de paris . good hotel accomodation will be proposed at 500-600f per night near the palais royal and the conference area . application form : surname : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . title : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . affiliation : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . address : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e - mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . title of paper / presentation : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . key words ( 4 words maximum ) : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i request financial assistance : yes / no anaid donabedian - demopoulos section d ' armenien - inalco 2 , rue de lille 75343 paris cedex 07 donabed @ ext . jussieu . fr attention , je suis provisoirement detachee au cnrs ( cams , umr 17 ) ; veuillez utiliser de preference mon adresse personnelle : 57 bd jourdan 75014 paris tel : 01 44 16 11 10 fax : 01 44 16 10 61 ou l ' adresse electronique donabed @ ext . jussieu . fr
",0
1915,"Subject: language acquisition ( gala ' 97 )
 
 gala ' 97 conference on language acquisition proceedings are now available the highly successful gala ' 97 conference on language acquisition took place in edinburgh in april 1997 , attracting some 200 researchers in language acquisition from around the world . the printed proceedings of that conference are now available . they contain 93 6 - page papers covering first language syntax and semantics , acquisition of phonetics and phonology , cognitive modelling , second language syntax and semantics , second language psycholinguistics , impaired acquisition , bilingual acquisition . all of these papers were presented at the conference either as papers or posters . information about the conference and abstracts of the papers may be found at the gala ' 97 website http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / gala / the book "" language acquisition : knowledge representation and processing . proceedings of gala ' 97 "" ( 540 pp . isbn 1 902242 00 9 ) can be ordered directly . to order , please make a cheque or money-order , in uk pounds sterling , payable to "" the university of edinburgh "" . also , print out and fill in the order form below and address them to : gala ' 97 proceedings department of applied linguistics the university of edinburgh 14 buccleuch place edinburgh eh8 9ln uk + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + gala ' 97 proceedings . order form . please send me . . . . . copies of the gala ' 97 proceedings . send them to : ( name and address ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the cost per copy is 16 . 00 pounds sterling . please tick your postal requirements ( cost is per copy ) tick cost destination . . . . 4 . 15 pounds . within uk . ( first class , one price ) . . . . 5 . 29 pounds anywhere in the rest of europe ( airmail ) . . . . 12 . 03 pounds usa and rest of the world ( airmail ) . . . . 5 . 21 pounds usa and rest of the world ( surface mail - allow 4 - 6 weeks ) total the cost of the book ( s ) and the ( combined ) postage . please add 35p for each copy if you are paying by credit card ( see below ) . i enclose cheque / money order to the value of . . . . . . . . we are able to accept payment from a variety of credit cards ( visa , mastercard , switch , and delta ) . payments made by credit card incur an additional charge of 2 % of the total amount due ( see above ) . if you wish to pay by credit card , please print out the following form , complete it and return it to us by post . ( you are advised not to send your credit card details by email . also , we require an actual signature . ) name : address to which the card is registered : card type ( visa , mc , switch , delta ) : card number : valid from : expiry data : amount due : total to be charged to card : signature : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
",0
1916,"Subject: 2nd hispanic lingusitic symposium
 
 second hispanic linguistics symposium / segundo simposio de linguistica hispanica october 9-11 , 1998 the ohio state university the fawcett center , 2400 olentangy river road , columbus , oh . 43210-10027 ) program friday , october 9 ( room 4 ) : 9 : 00 - 9 : 15 opening remarks . 9 : 30-10 : 00 lee hartman , southern illinois university : "" parsing spanish _ solo _ "" 10 : 00-10 : 30 cristina sanz , georgetown university : "" spanish teacher talk : complexity and word order "" 10 : 30-11 : 00 ronald p . leow , georgetown university : "" attention , awareness , and theforeign language classroom "" 11 : 00-11 : 30 james f . lee , university of illinois , urbana : "" on levels of processing and on levels of comprehension "" 11 : 30 - 1 : 00 lunch break 1 : 00 - 1 : 30 maria fernandez , michigan state university : ( tba ) 1 : 30 - 2 : 00 paola dussias , university of illinois , urbana : "" the function-word effect in spanish - english codeswitching : what eye - tracking can tell us "" 2 : 00 - 2 : 30 carmen garcia fernandez , university of virginia : "" requesting for a service : strategies used by venezuelan women "" 2 : 30 - 3 : 00 elena ruzickova , miami university : "" cuban facework : politeness strategies in requests , apologies and compliment responses "" 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 coffee break 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 diane ringer uber , the college of wooster : "" forms of address in the commercial spanish of five latin american cities 4 : 00 - 4 : 30 maryellen garcia , university of texas , san antonio : "" evidence from _ nomas _ in a bilingual dialect "" 4 : 30 - 5 : 00 pat lunn , michigan state university : the domino effect : changes in subjunctive usage in quito 5 : 00 - 5 : 30 coffee break 5 : 30 - 6 : 00 kenneth wireback , miami university : "" on the velarization of / n / in cuban radio broadcasting "" 6 : 00 - 6 : 30 claudia parodi , ucla : "" the agreement system of los angeles spanish and the media "" 6 : 30 - 7 : 00 liliana sanchez , carnegie mellon university : "" d0 features and the direct object pronominal system of andean spanish "" 7 : 30 - 9 : 00 welcoming reception at the faucett center 's alumni lounge saturday , october 10 ( parallel sessions ) session a ( rooms 6 - 7 ) : 8 : 30 - 9 : 00 luis lopez , university of missouri : "" on the syntax of contrastive focus : evidence from vp - ellipsis "" 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 jose camacho , rutgers university : "" a focus auxiliary in dialects of spanish "" 9 : 30-10 : 00 eugenia casielles , wayne state university : "" notes on the topic-focus articulation "" 10 : 00-10 : 30 coffee break 10 : 30-11 : 00 enrique mallen , texas a&m university : "" predicate inversion in spanish "" 11 : 00-11 : 30 francisco ordonez , university of illinois - urbana : "" subject inversion in romance and predicate raising "" 11 : 30-12 : 00 hector campos , georgetown university : "" three types of subject raising in spanish "" 12 : 00 - 1 : 30 lunch break 1 : 30 - 2 : 00 juan martin , university of toledo : "" the syntax and semantics of spanish accusative _ a _ "" 2 : 00 - 2 : 00 luis silva - villar , ucla : "" diachronic qualitative studies on minimalist operations "" 2 : 30 - 3 : 00 marta lujan , the university of texas , austin : "" minimalist bello : basic categories in bello 's grammar "" 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 coffee break 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 raul aranovich , university of texas , san antonio : "" blocking of spanish reflexives in the hierarchical lexicon "" 4 : 00 - 4 : 30 paula kempchinsky , university of iowa : "" on the nature of condition b "" 4 : 30 - 5 : 00 karen zagona , university of washington : "" some effects of np - movement on aspectual construal "" 5 : 00 - 5 : 30 coffee break 5 : 30 - 6 : 00 james harris , mit : "" the legend of nasal depalatalization "" 6 : 00 - 6 : 30 heles contreras , university of washington : "" the range of syntactic parametrization "" 7 : 30 - 9 : 30 dinner at the faucett center 's alumni lounge saturday , october 10 session b ( rooms 8 - 9 ) : 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 robert m . hammond , purdue university : "" the non-occurrence of the phone [ rr ] in the spanish sound system "" 9 : 30-10 : 00 holly j . nibert , pennsylvania state university : "" a production / perception study of the phrase accent in spanish intonation "" 10 : 00-10 : 30 coffee break 10 : 30-11 : 00 carlos e . pineros , central michigan university : "" head - dependence in _ jerigonza _ , a spanish language game "" 11 : 00-11 : 30 eric holt , university of south carolina : "" the moraic status of consonants from latin to hispano - romance : the case of obstruents "" 11 : 30-12 : 00 john m . lipski , university of new mexico : "" the many faces of spanish / s / - weakening : ( re ) alignment and ambisyllabicity "" 12 : 00 - 1 : 30 lunch break 1 : 30 - 2 : 00 jose i . hualde , university of illinois , urbana : "" patterns in the lexicon : hiatus with unstressed high vowels in spanish "" 2 : 00 - 2 : 00 ellen m . kaisse , university of washington : "" the syllabic position of glides in spanish : insights from pasiego vowel harmony "" 2 : 30 - 3 : 00 sonia colina , arizona state university : "" re - examining spanish glides : the hiatus / diphthong alternation and analogically conditioned variation in vocoid sequences "" 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 coffee break 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 mario saltarelli , university of southern california : ( tba ) 4 : 00 - 4 : 30 alfonso morales - front , georgetown university : "" the role of templates in the acquisition of phonology "" 4 : 30 - 5 : 00 regina morin , the college of new jersey : "" spanish substantives : how many classes ? "" 5 : 00 - 5 : 30 coffee break sunday , october 11 ( parallel sessions ) session a ( rooms 6 - 7 ) : 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 rafael nunez - cedeno , university of illinois , chicago : "" on interpreting generic ( pro ) nouns in spanish "" 9 : 30-10 : 00 scott schwenter , ball state university : "" two types of scalar particles : evidence from spanish "" 10 : 00-10 : 30 sarah harmon and almerindo ojeda , university of california , davis : "" mass - neuter in _ obra de agricultura _ "" 10 : 30-11 : 00 coffee break 11 : 00-11 : 30 cristina schmitt , michigan state university / zas - berlin : "" _ todo _ and _ every _ : semantic similarities , syntactic differences "" 11 : 30-12 : 00 elena herburger , georgetown university : "" interpreting negative concord "" 12 : 00-12 : 30 errapel mejias - vicandi , university of nebraska : "" prenominal adjectives andwh - extraction "" sunday , october 11 session b ( rooms 8 - 9 ) : 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 jose del valle , miami university / university of virginia : "" language policy and linguistic culture in galicia "" 9 : 30-10 : 00 frank nuessel , university of louisville : "" linguistic theory and discourse in _ don quijote _ "" 10 : 00-10 : 30 ray harris - northall , university of wisconsin - madison : "" official use of the vernacular in the 13th century : medieval spanish language policy ? "" 10 : 30-11 : 00 coffee break 11 : 00-11 : 30 thomas walsh , georgetown university : "" the etymology of spanish _ atinar _ 11 : 30-12 : 00 joel rini , university of virginia : "" the directionality of leveling in the old spanish verbal paradigm distillable from resistance to language shift : the case of spanish _ dormir _ , _ morir _ ( and _ podrir _ ) "" 12 : 00-12 : 30 steven n . dworkin , university of michigan : "" syntax and lexical loss : the fate of old spanish in spanish _ y _ and _ ende _ "" organizing committee : fernando martinez - gil and javier gutierrez - rexach ( dept . of spanish and portuguese , the ohio state university ) symposium coordinator : fernando martinez - gil registration : free for students ; $ 20 . 00 for others before september 20th , 1998 . after september 20th and onsite registration will be $ 30 . 00 . for further information , including registration form and hotel reservations , please contact : fernando martinez - gil , second hispanic linguistics symposium coordinator , dept . of spanish and portuguese , the ohio state university , 266 cunz hall , 1841 millikin rd . , columbus , oh 43210-1229 tel . ( 614 ) 292-1981 / fax ( 614 ) 292-7726 e - mail : martinez-gil . 1 @ osu . edu fernando martinez - gil , dept . of spanish and portuguese the ohio state university martinez-gil . 1 @ osu . edu
",0
1917,"Subject: new books on pragmatics
 
 john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new title in the field of pragmatics : function and structure in honor of susumo kuno akio kamio & ken - ichi takami ( eds . ) this collection of papers on functional syntax shows the development of a specific stream of functional linguistics initiated by susumu kuno of harvard university . inspired by prague school linguists such as jan firbas and vilem mathesius , kuno developed a more comprehensive and theory-oriented approach and lined it with the american formalist approach of generative grammar . his approach is thus a unique combination of functionalism and formalism that constantly urges the promotions of interactions between these two major trends in linguistics . the papers in this collection coherently deal with functional aspects of linguistics from a wide variety of perspectives such as theoretical , applicational , experimental and diachronic aspects incorporating the functional concept advocated by kuno . < br > contributions by : noriko akatsuka ; jacqueline guillemin - flescher ; akio kamio and margaret thomas ; becky kennedy ; kiri lee ; use men et . al . ; ken - ichi takami ; etsuko tomoda ; aiko utsugi ; gregory ward ; john whitman . 1998 . ca 360 pp . pragmatics and beyond new series 59 . us / canada : hb : 1 55619 822 1 price : usd 89 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 5073 1 price : nlg 178 , bernadette martinez - keck publicity / marketing tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com john benjamins north america po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com /
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1918,"Subject: new books on human cognitive processing
 
 john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new title in the field of human cognitive processing : the contemporary theory of metaphor a perspective from chinese < br > ning yu the primary objective of this book is to contribute to the contemporary theory of metaphor from the viewpoint of chinese so as to help place the theory into a wider cross-linguistic and cross-cultural perspective . aiming at this primary objective , it explores two major questions faced by the contemporary theory : ( 1 ) if abstract reasoning is at least partially metaphorical in nature ; and ( 2 ) what conceptual metaphors are universal , widespread , or culture-specific . it focuses on ( 1 ) metaphors of emotions , ( 2 ) the time as space metaphor , and ( 3 ) the event structure metaphor . it studies how chinese is similar to and different from english with regard to these metaphor systems and image schemas involved , and what reasons ( cognitive or cultural ) can account for the similarities and differences between these two languages . in general , the empirical studies presented in this book reinforce the view that metaphor is the main mechanism through which abstract concepts are comprehended and abstract reasoning is performed . they also support , from the perspective of chinese , the candidacy of some conceptual metaphors for metaphorical universals . these include , for instance , the anger is heat metaphor , the happy is up metaphor , the time as space metaphor and the event structure metaphor . it seems that these conceptual metaphors are grounded in some basic human experiences that may be universal to all human beings . 1998 ca 300pp . human cognitive processing , 1 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 201 0 price : usd 59 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 2353 x price : nlg 118 bernadette martinez - keck publicity / marketing tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com john benjamins north america po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com /
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1919,"Subject: 5th intl conf on asian / african langs
 
 the 5th international conference on the languages of far east , southeast asia and west africa first circular the university of st . petersburg and the institute for asian and african studies ( moscow state university ) are pleased to announce that the 5th international conference * the languages of far east , southeast asia and west africa * will be held in st . petersburg on september 7-11 , 1999 . the conference site is the university of st . petersburg , dept of oriental studies ( 11 , universitetskaja nab . , 199034 , st . petersburg , russia ) . building on the success of its predecessors ( moscow 1991 , 1993 , 1995 , 1997 ) , this conference aims to encourage a spirit of dialogue between students of far east / southeast asia and of west africa . the conference offers a unique opportunity for its participants to exchange views on the languages whose structures share so many features , despite the genetic or areal unrelatedness . special session a special session will be held , devoted to theoretical frameworks for the analysis of isolating languages . it has been revealed more than once in the course of discussions at previous leseawa conferences that we badly need a common metalanguage in terms of which a coherent analyses of the languages of fe , sea , and wa would be most efficient . we are certainly far from an intention to develop an esoteric metalanguage . on the contrary , our ultimate goal is to eventually enrich the common stock of theoretical notions , where analyses of both "" more traditional "" and "" less traditional "" languages would be fully commensurable . most of currently used linguistic models are not properly equipped to give a student of fe , sea , and wa languages reliable analytic tools , even where such fundamental linguistic objects as the phoneme , parts of speech , clause , etc . are concerned . invited speakers are to be announced . working languages will be english and russian . applications and abstracts ( ca . 100 words ) should be submitted to : prof . dr . rudolph yanson , chair , dept of china , sea , and korea , univ . of st . petersburg < yanson @ ry1703 . spb . edu > , fax ( 812 ) 3287861 , phone ( 812 ) 3213767 ( home ) all submissions are subject to refereeing by the program committee . e - mail submissions are strongly encouraged . deadline for response to the 1st circular is march 10 , 1999 . notifications of acceptance will be mailed out before may 1999 . registration fee is usd 60 . the registration fee includes the volume of conference proceedings , coffee-breakes , lunch ( please specify if you require a vegetarian or vegan option ) , cultural program , etc . organizing committee : rudolph yanson ( chair ) marc kaploun ( vice-chair ) fax ( 095 ) 203-3647 alexandre storozhuk ( secretary ) angelina gerasimova aleksey vasiljev program committee : vadim kassevitch ( chair ) < kasevich @ vbk . usr . pu . ru > artemy karapetianz ( vice-chair ) victor vinogradov ( vice-chair ) mikhail rumjantsev rudolf yanson andrey zhukov nikolay dobronravin alexandre ogloblin sergey yakhontov - - prof . dr . vadim b . kassevitch ( univ . of st . petersburg ) p . o . box 14 , st . petersburg , 191025 , russia phone ( 7-812 ) 314-6123 ( home ) , fax ( 7-812 ) 2181346 ( office ) < kasevich @ vbk . usr . pu . ru >
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1920,"Subject: glow ' 99
 
 call for papers : glow 1999 the glow 99 colloquium will be organized by the research center for general linguistics ( zas ) in berlin from 29th to 31st march 1999 . the conference will then continue in potsdam on 1st april with parallel workshops organized by the potsdam university and lot ( netherlands graduate school of linguistics ) . themes of the conference main colloquium : universals workshops : phonetics in phonology sources for universals technical aspects of movement calls : the colloquium : universals the search for universals has always been at the center of interest in generative linguistics . fundamental claims about universal properties of language are what we build into the very architecture of the theory of ug : primitives ( features etc . ) , combinatorial operations ( merge ) , the operation ' move ' , interfaces with extralinguistic systems ( lf , pf ) , etc . alongside such formal universals , we also seek substantive universals in inventories , markedness patterns , feature hierarchies etc . such facts may reflect properties of ug itself or derive from extralinguistic sources . recent growth in crosslinguistic study opens new opportunities for extending the empirical base , confirming or challenging old generalizations and establishing new ones . at the same time , recent theoretical developments in both phonology and syntax lead to important questions concerning the formal and / or substantive nature of universals in language , and the quest for the exact sources of variation between languages . in phonology , universals have typically been assumed to exist in many different subcomponents , e . g . features , prosodic constituents . only in recent years , with the emergence of output-based evaluation systems , has the focus of interest in universals shifted to the study of constraints and their interaction . hence new questions arise : are all constraints universal in the sense that they are constitutive of grammar ? should we conceive of constraints as being exhaustive and ordered ? are there universals that constraint orderings have to obey ? are there different domains ( i . e . lexical and postlexical level ) where constraints apply ? are there language-specific constraints ? syntactic theory in the early 80 's assumed principles common to all languages to interact with various types of ' macro-parameters ' : one deep property from which several other properties derive ( e . g . pro-drop parameter ) . later , variation was attributed to ' micro-parameters ' . now , with the emergence of minimalism and optimality , basic issues like what constitutes a universal principle / constraint , and what constitutes a parameter , need to be re-addressed . is there a universal inventory of functional heads / features ? as to the autonomy of , or the division of labour between syntax and morphology : is parametrized variation confined to inflectional systems ? is syntactic variation restricted to the choice of overt or zero realization of a given feature ? if all movement takes place in a single cycle , does variation reduce to the presence of affixes or the lack thereof ? are there universal constraints in morpho-syntax ? moreover , in recent years it has been argued that thematic relations are features . what are their characteristics ? do these have a universal inventory ? could they be parametrized ? many typological-descriptive generalizations await theoretical integration - e . g . greenbergian ' universals ' of word order patterns , cross-categorial harmony effects , etc . in this respect , kayne 's proposal for a universal ordering merely shifts the burden from phrase structure to movement . a guiding heuristic of generative grammar has been that parsimonious ( redundancy-free ) theories are to be preferred ; but minimalism goes further in suggesting that economy is built into ug itself . to what extent can the hypothesis that ug principles instantiate notions of economy be upheld ? in studying ug , we take the external systems with which it interfaces to be invariant in linguistically significant senses across individuals and languages . thus we posit universal interpretation mechanisms ( and uniformity across languages at lf ) , ' universal phonetics ' ( invariant articulatory / perceptual mechanisms ) , a universal parser , etc . ; so that variation is confined to grammars , in particular phonology / morphology and&nbsp ; aspects of the lexicon . yet properties of external systems may have far-reaching consequences for our view of ug . as we learn more about them , universals attributed to ug may have to be reassigned . what if ug - compatible grammars determine languages that cannot exist because they are unuseable ( unparseable ; unlearnable ; etc ) ? are there universal patterns in the acquisition process , in parsing strategies , etc . , that can be brought to bear ? the colloquium will consist of 20 talks of 45 minutes each plus discussion . abstracts may not exceed 2 pages with at least a 1 inch margin on all four sides and should employ a font not smaller than 12 pt . they should be sent anonymously in tenfold , accompanied by a camera-ready original with the author 's name , address and affiliation to : glow selection committee c / o artemis alexiadou zentrum fr allgemeine sprachwissenschaft , typologie und universalienforschung jgerstr . 10 / 11 , 10117 berlin germany phone : + 49-30 - 20192404 / 1 fax : + 49-30 - 20192402 e-mail : glow99 @ zas . gwz-berlin . de url : http : / / www . zas . gwz-berlin . de / events / glow / index . htm the workshops 1 . sources for universals recent developments in syntax and phonology such as the minimalist program or optimality theory have led to new insights into the structure of the human linguistic capacity . in the context of such theoretical developments , the conviction has grown that recourse to innate properties of language cannot be the only explanation for the existence of certain generalizations of formal linguistic structure . the idea of the workshop "" sources for universals "" is to bring together researchers from various fields inside and outside of syntax and phonology in order to identify possible sources for formal universals of natural language . such possible sources could come from the following domains , semantic universals consideration of processing difficulty considerations of laws of historical development for languages considersations of constraints on language acquisition biological constraints in the sense of a "" universal grammar "" constraints inherent in the computational mechanisms serving language , this list is not meant to be exhaustive . contributions which link formal universals as discussed in recent grammatical models to any of such sources are particularly welcomed . 2 . technical aspects of movement filler - gap dependencies ( fgd ) belong to the most intriguing properties of natural language grammatical theories have to deal with . finding the right approach continues to be a matter of no little controversy . capturing the core properties of fgds , concepts of strictest c-command , which require fillers and their gaps to be immediately attached to the same projection line , arguably possess a high amount of naturalness or simplicity . this type of constraint is directly reflected by linear indexed grammars and has been implemented in the minimalist extension condition on structure building . ( attempts to derive the c-command relation from the minimalist operation merge take this strategy even further . ) yet , head-movement configurations , analyzed as adjunction in the principles and parameters variant of generative grammar , seem to require weaker versions of c-command , such that the adjoined head ' inherits ' the c-command domain of the head adjoined to . it is an open question , whether there are alternatives that do not - one way or the other - employ similar auxiliary devices . as is well known , fgd - patterns ( nested / crossed ) have consequences for the generative power of the grammars describing them . it is not properly understood , however , which devices of which systems capture less orderly patterns best . systems using slash-categories or similar techniques seem to run into considerable difficulty here . feature - lists integrated into a checking theory of movement may be considered one of various alternatives . most recently , the minimalist adoption of the "" copy theory of movement "" opened up another array of related issues . how , for example , do checking resources get eliminated if each step leading to elimination is preceded by a step of copying these resources ? are copies of np / wh - moved constituents assumed to retain properties of empty anaphors and syntactic variables respectively , or has any reference to empty categories ( e . g . ecp ) and their potential link to binding theory become undefined ? if the latter , could this change be motivated by complexity results concerning the powerful device of free indexation , as employed by gb binding theory ? indeed , a general ban on the use of indices has been accompanying the "" copy theory of movement "" . this calls for a demonstration how chains , the standard "" legitimate lf - objects "" , which in alternative versions of syntax are supposed to fully supplant movement , get handled without such devices . primary properties to be defined on chains of copies , for example , would be pf - realizability as well as the distinction between operator , variable , and descriptive content status at lf ( nontrivial consequences for the analyses of qr and acd being directly implied ) . alternatively , it would be helpful to be able to appreciate how far any worked-out proposals deviate from structure-sharing techniques as used in hpsg / lfg ( a . o . ) , index percolation devices from variants of indexed grammar , and other structure generating systems like tree adjoining grammar or categorial grammar . this workshop invites submissions of papers shedding light on the above questions from both technical / formal and linguistic angles . abstracts for both workshops are invited for 45 minute presentations ( plus 15 minutes dicussion ) . they should not exceed one page / 500 words . please send five anonymous copies plus a camera ready original ( with author 's name , address , and affiliation ) to the address specified below . speakers will be partially reimbursed for their expenses on the scale that applies to the colloquium . glow workshops c / o matthias schlesewsky institut fuer linguistik universitt potsdam postfach 60 15 53 d 14415 potsdam germany phone : x49 - 331-977 - 2016 fax : x49 - 331-977 - 2761 e-mail : glow _ workshop @ ling . uni-potsdam . de url : http : / / www . ling . uni-potsdam . de / ik / glow . html 3 . phonetics in phonology invited speakers : edward flemming , donca steriade organizers : carlos gussenhoven , ren kager the workshop is broadly concerned with the relevance of articulatory and perceptual facts for phonological theory . more specifically , it intends to focus on such questions as the extent to which functional factors determine phonological grammars , the status of the distinction between phonological representation and phonetic implementation , the issue of multiple ( articulation-based as well as perception-based ) phonological representations , and the universality and ` groundedness ' of phonological constraints . the workshop will consist of approximately 7 talks of 45 minutes each , followed by 15 minutes of discussion . abstracts may not exceed one page with at least a 1 inch margin on all four sides and should employ a font no smaller than 12 pt . they should be sent anonymously in threefold , accompanied by a camera-ready original with the author 's name , address and affiliation , to glow phonology workshop c / o . ren kager utrecht institute of linguistics / ots trans 10 3512 jk utrecht netherlands phone : + 31-30 - 2538064 fax : + 31-30 - 2536000 deadline for submission of abstracts : december 1 , 1998 submission by fax or e-mail will not be accepted .
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1921,"Subject: aspects of bilingualism in the ancient world
 
 aspects of bilingualism in the ancient world the university of reading , 2 - 4 april 1998 an international conference on bilingualism organised by prof . j . n . adams ( reading ) , prof . m . e . p . janse ( gent ) and dr s . c . r . swain ( warwick ) will be held at the university of reading from 2 - 4 april 1998 . sixteen invited speakers from britain and abroad will give papers . no attempt will be made to achieve a comprehensive coverage of language contact in the ancient mediterranean world , but the focus will instead be on greek and latin in contact both with each other and with other languages . it is intended that some papers should be linguistic in orientation ( i . e . that they should take account of recent research by linguists on bilingualism in modern societies , relating the findings if possible to issues of ancient bilingualism ) , but it is also obvious that historians and literary scholars commonly address problems related to language contact . we hope that the programme of papers will offer a combination of sociolinguistic , literary , cultural and historical approaches to the subject . conference program thursday , april 2 12 . 00 - 2 . 00 registration 2 . 00 - 2 . 05 welcome 2 . 05 - 2 . 50 d . r . langslow approaching bilingualism in corpus languages 2 . 50 - 3 . 35 s . c . r . swain bilingualism and biculturalism in cicero 3 . 35 - 3 . 50 discussion 3 . 50 - 4 . 15 tea 4 . 15 - 5 . 00 cl . brixhe echanges greco-phrygiens 5 . 00 - 5 . 45 i . rutherford patterns of interference in lycian - greek texts : word order , filiation , formulas and other stuctures 5 . 45 - 6 . 00 discussion 6 . 15 - 7 . 00 z . rubin res gestae divi saporis : greek and middle iranian in a document of sassanian , anti - roman propaganga 7 . 30 reception ( ure museum of archaeology ) * * * * * * * * * * * * friday , april 3 9 . 00 - 9 . 45 j . n . adams bilingualism at delos 9 . 45-10 . 30 k . versteegh dead or alive : the status of the standard language 10 . 30-10 . 45 discussion 10 . 45-11 . 10 coffee 11 . 10-11 . 55 h . cotton hebrew , aramaic and greek in the documents from the judean desert : languages , law and society 11 . 55-12 . 40 m . janse contact - induced change : two case studies from the history of greek 12 . 40-12 . 55 discussion 1 . 00 - 2 . 15 lunch 2 . 15 - 3 . 00 f . biville greco - romains et greco-latin 3 . 00 - 3 . 45 m . leiwo from contact to mixture : bilingual inscriptions from italy 3 . 45 - 4 . 00 discussion 4 . 00 - 4 . 25 tea 4 . 25 - 5 . 10 d . g . k . taylor bilingualism and diglossia in late antique syria and mesopotamia 5 . 10 - 5 . 55 p . flobert a case of bilingualism in gaul : romani and franci in the vith century 5 . 55 - 6 . 30 discussion 7 . 30 - 9 . 30 conference dinner * * * * * * * * * * * * saturday , april 4 9 . 00 - 9 . 45 j . kramer greek papyri from egypt and the history of the latin language 9 . 45-10 . 30 p . glare from text to speech : arguing the case for bilingualism in roman egypt 10 . 30-10 . 45 discussion 10 . 45-11 . 10 coffee 11 . 10-11 . 55 h . von staden ( title awaited ) 11 . 55-12 . 40 b . frischer word - order transference between latin and greek : the relative position of the accusative direct object and the governing verb in cassius dio and other greek and roman prose authors 12 . 40 - 1 . 00 discussion location : the conference will be held in the faculty of letters and social sciences at the university of reading . accommodation : delegates will be put up in a modern university hall of residence . all rooms have handbasins , and there are some rooms with en-suite facilities . please let us know if you require a room on the ground floor . it is not possible to provide double rooms . meals : breakfast is included in the price of accommodation and coffee , lunch and tea are included in the conference fee . on the first night there will a reception in the ure museum of greek archaeology hosted by the department of classics . on the second night a conference dinner will be held in the orange room , university of reading . the price of this will be gbp 325 to include wine . travel : reading is easily reached by road and train . train : reading is on the london to bristol line and there are frequent trains from paddington . reading is also easily accessible by train from oxford and the north . for those travelling by eurostar , there is a direct train service from waterloo to reading . road : reading is some forty miles from london and can be reached via the m4 motorway , junction 11 . air : there is a direct bus link between heathrow and reading . a regular train service runs between gatwick and reading . general : throughout the conference a conference office will be manned and delegates can be contacted by the following means : telephone : 0118 9 31820 fax : 0118 9 316661 e-mail : s . r . d . wallis @ reading . ac . uk if you have any queries concerning the organisation of the conference or booking in the first instance please contact the conference secretary , s . r . d . wallis on the above numbers . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - booking form i wish to attend the conference on bilingualism : name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . title : . . . . . . . . . . . address : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . postcode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telephone : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fax : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e-mail : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . conference fee ( includes coffee , lunch and tea ) : full fee for three days gbp 40 ( gbp 20 for postgraduates ) : gbp . . . . . . . . or gbp 15 ( gbp 7 . 50 for postgraduates ) per day : thursday gbp . . . . . . . . friday gbp . . . . . . . . saturday gbp . . . . . . . . total ( a ) gbp . . . . . . . . 2 . accommodation : accommodation is available either in rooms with en-suite bathrooms ( subject to availability ) at gbp 32 per night , or in basic rooms with handbasins and shared bathrooms at gbp 20 per night . i require the following accommodation : . . . . . nights ' accommodation in an en-suite room / basic room at gbp 32 / 20 per night total ( b ) gbp . . . . . . . . 3 . meals : lunch will be provided each day ( thursday , friday and saturday ) as part of the conference fee . on the first night there will be a reception in the ure museum of greek archaeology hosted by the department of classics . on the second night there will be a conference dinner held in the orange room , university of reading . i wish to attend the reception on thursday ( free ) . . . . . . i wish to attend the conference dinner on friday ( gbp 25 ) gbp . . . . . i am / am not vegetarian . special dietary requirements : total ( c ) gbp . . . . . . summary : a . conference fee gbp . . . . . . . . . + b . accommodation gbp . . . . . . . + c . meals gbp . . . . . . . . . = grand total gbp . . . . . . . please make cheques payable to the university of reading and send to s . r . d . wallis , conference secretary , department of classics , university of reading , folss , reading , rg6 6aa .
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1922,"Subject: new reference title
 
 john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following reference title : english prepositions explained seth lindstromberg ( hilderstone college , uk ) 1997 . ca . 330 pp us / canada : hb : 1 55619 525 7 price : usd 75 . 00 pb : 1 55619 526 5 price : usd 29 . 95 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 2171 5 price : nlg 150 , pb : 90 272 2172 3 price : nlg 60 english prepositions explained has been written both for non-native and native speakers of english and is intended for : teachers of english ; translators ; materials writers ; advanced students of english ; frequent users of english generally . english prepositions explained furnishes information about english prepositions that is available in no other book currently in print . epe both complements and is complemented by the bbi dictionary of english word combinations , which lists common collocations ( including prepositional collocations ) in a fashion that makes them readily locatable . like a grammar handbook , epe describes how prepositions and directional adverbs are used . its main work , however , consists in providing answers to the following questions : what meanings does each preposition have ? ; how are a preposition 's different meanings related ? ; which meaning ( s ) underlie this or that usage ? ; which usages are true idioms and which express systematic meaning ? ; what are the major semantic families of preposition ? ; where are the boundaries in meaning between the prepositions within each family ? ; when various prepositions are usable in the same context , what different meaning or nuance does each contribute and why ? ; what is the role of metaphor in the english system of prepositions ? ; what is a phrasal verb and to what extent do they reflect systematic meanings ? explanations are liberally supported with iconic / pictorial illustrations and examples of usage . it is this explanatory , rather than merely descriptive , approach which makes epe a unique resource for creative writing . covering more than seventy , mostly spatial and temporal , prepositions , it presents a picture of remarkable systematicity . among epe 's twenty-three chapters are : an overview of the grammar and semantics of prepositions ( of place , path and time ) and of directional adverbs ; nineteen chapters on families of prepositions ; a chapter on phrasal verbs ; a summary of key abstract notions expressed by prepositions . epe is fully indexed and includes a glossary of terms and an annotated bibliography . bernadette martinez - keck publicity / marketing tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com john benjamins north america po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com /
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1923,"Subject: books on translation
 
 john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new titles in the field of translation : the translator ' s dialogue giovanni pontiero pilar orero & juan c . sager ( eds . ) universidad autonoma , barcelone / umist , manchester 1997 . xiv , 252 pp . benjamins translation library , 24 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 708 - x price : usd 67 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 1627 4 price : nlg 134 , - - the translator 's dialogue : giovanni pontiero is a tribute to an outstanding translator of literary works from portuguese , lusobrasilian , italian and spanish into english . the translator introduced authors such as carlos drummond de andrade , manuel bandeira , clarice lispector and jose saramago to the english reading world . pontiero 's essays shed light on the process of literary translation and its impact on cultural perception . this process is exemplified by pontiero the translator and analyst , some of the authors he collaborated with , publishers ' editors and literary critics and , finally , by an unpublished translation of a short story by jose saramago , coisas . contributions by : p . bins ; p . bush ; m . jull costa ; a . g . kinder ; l . luft ; r . marsack ; a . miranda ; m . martinez ; p . orero ; h . owen ; m . sahine ; j . ; saramago ; j . c . sager ; c . waldman ; r . winder ; and r . zenith . translation and interpreting schools compiled by brian harris ( university of ottawa ) 1997 . xii , 238 pp . language intl . world directory 2 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 741 1 price : usd 95 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 1952 4 price : nlg 190 , - - this international directory of translator and interpreter training facilities in higher education includes details on 243 courses around the world . listing full addresses , names of teachers , languages taught , methods of teaching , degree , tuition fees , year it was founded , and other activities . the directory provides pertinent information for students seeking the appropriate training and for translation and interpreting schools to compare themselves with others and to network with related schools . this is the first list showing the vast number of professional and academic training facilities in a booming industry . bernadette martinez - keck publicity / marketing tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com john benjamins north america po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com /
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1924,"Subject: new and recent titles in general linguistics
 
 general linguistics sahibs , nabobs , and boxwallahs : a dictionary of the words of anglo - india ivor lewis "" gives an intriguing view of just how far one language and culture so different from english has been so extensively integrated into everyday english , enriching it with a tremendous diversity . . . . specialized , but a delightful work . "" - - choice ( oxford india paperbacks ) this new dictionary not only presents the known vocabulary of anglo - india , but also provides the sources , etymologies , and usages of the words of the past 350 years . with an extensive historical introduction and register of references , this complete source offers a lively and scholarly history of previous lexicographical work in this area as well as a socio-linguistic analysis of the growth of anglo - indian words and their use in the literature of india . 1992 ( paper may 1998 ) 280 pp . 0-19 - 564223 - 6 paper $ 15 . 95 oxford university press an introduction to historical linguistics third edition terry crowley , university of waikato , new zealand all languages change , just as other aspects of human society are constantly changing . this book is an introduction to the concepts and techniques of diachronic linguistics - - the study of language change over time . it covers all the major areas of historical linguistics , presenting concepts in a clear and concise way . while examples are given from a wide range of languages , most major concepts and techniques are illustrated by material drawn from the languages of australia and the pacific . the needs of undergraduate students of linguistics have been kept firmly in mind , but the book will also be of interest to the general reader seeking to understand language and language change . this third edition includes a number of rewritten and supplemented sections and new material on grammaticalization , ergativity and accusativity , language diversification , palaeolinguistics , and morphological evolution . may 1998 344 pp . ; 10 maps 0-19 - 558378 - 7 paper $ 19 . 95 oxford university press projects in linguistics : a practical guide to researching language alison wray , university of wales , swansea , kate trott , and aileen bloomer , both at university college of ripon and york st john with shirley reay and chris butler ( an arnold publication ) this is an invaluable companion for students undertaking a piece of independent research for the first time . it introduces the most commonly used tools and techniques of research and offers practical advice on how to choose a research topic , how to collect data , how to analyze it , and how to write up the results . the authors incorporate over 250 project ideas and cover plagiarism , referencing , the use of corpora , phonetic and orthographic transcription , and writing good english . june 1998 320 pp . ; 27 linecuts 0-340 - 65210 - 1 paper $ 18 . 95 0-340 - 70002 - 5 cloth $ 60 . 00 oxford university press encyclopedia of semiotics paul bouissac ( u . of toronto ) , ed a comprehensive , interdisciplinary critical survey of current scholarship in semiotics - - key concepts , terms , theories , theorists , controversies , and debates , with applications of semiotic analyses to a wide range of social and cultural phenomena . 400 + original entries from philosophers , linguists , and other scholars . bibliographies , index 0-19 - 512090 - 6 ; 700 pages ; $ 125 . 00 ; oxford university press . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
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1925,"Subject: new and recent titles in syntax & morphology
 
 sentential negation in french paul rowlett , university of salford this is the first full-length study of sentential negation phenomena in french . paul rowlett assesses , from a generative perspective , the respective contribution made to the expression of clausal polarity by ne , pas , and elements such as jamais and personne . his conclusions have far-reaching implications , leading to the controversial hypothesis that , despite widespread belief , french is not a negative concord language . september 1998 256 pp . 0-19 - 512591 - 6 paper $ 29 . 95 0-19 - 511924 - x cloth $ 75 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
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1926,"Subject: theoretical & descriptive linguistics
 
 studies in south asian linguistics : sinhala and other south asian languages james w . gair , cornell university selected and edited by barbara c . lust this volume collects twenty-nine published and unpublished papers by the linguist james gair , considered the foremost western scholar of the sri lankan languages sinhala and jaffna tamil . ranging over thirty years , his work also considers issues in a variety of indian languages , including hindi , marathi , tamil , malayalam , and bengali . the collection reflects the wide range of gair 's interests , from morpho-syntactic questions to questions regarding historical and areal linguistics , especially language contact and diglossia , and extending to language acquisition . by collecting these papers and making them newly accessible , this volume will provide an important resource not only for scholars of these languages but for linguists interested in the theoretical issues gair explores . april 1998 392 pp . ; 9 linecuts 0-19 - 509521 - 9 $ 75 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or
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1927,"Subject: sociolinguistics & anthropological linguistics
 
 the english language in pakistan edited by robert j . baumgardner in its present context of use , english in pakistan has assimilated diverse linguistic features which reflect the multilingual , multicultural character of the language 's "" new "" south asian home . the present volume brings together for the first time essays on historical , sociological , pedagogical , and linguistic perspectives of the pakistani the english language in pakistan . september 1998 344 pp . ; 37 halftones and linecuts 0-19 - 577444 - 2 $ 29 . 95 oxford university press kids talk : strategic language use in later childhood edited by susan m . hoyle , national library of medicine , and carolyn temple adger , center for applied linguistics , washington dc ( oxford studies in sociolinguistics ) between early childhood and adulthood , language acquisition is succeeded by a bloom of repertoire for managing interaction , a growing sensitivity to the relation of language and society , an expanding ability to wield power through the strategic use of language , and an increasing sophistication in framing speech activities . this book examines a wide range of language practices among school-age children and teenagers , using data from naturally occurring recorded talk and from careful observation of interaction in peer groups . the contributors analyze talk at play , at school , and at work , documenting the growing communicative skills of young people while always focusing on what young speakers themselves do with ( and through ) language . theoretical constructs to which the contributors appeal include goffman 's notion of footing and hymes ' communicative competence , as well as multiple characterizations of discourse structure . the chapters show older children as strategic language users , dynamic actors who are often concerned with defining themselves as a distinctive group , different from adults , yet who just as often display proficiency at sophisticated discourse activities that presage those of adulthood . september 1998 312 pp . ; 10 halftones , 6 linecuts 0-19 - 509893 - 5 paper $ 35 . 00 0-19 - 509892 - 7 cloth $ 75 . 00 oxforduniversity press ideology in the language of judges : how judges practice law , politics , and courtroom control susan u . philips , university of arizona ( oxford studies in anthropological linguistics 17 ) "" a masterful achievement . . . . [ this ] will quickly become a major text in the literatures both on ideology in discourse and on legal discourse . "" - - deborah tannen , georgetown university a study that will appeal to any reader interested in the relationship between our language and our laws , ideology in the language of judges focuses on the way judges take guilty pleas from criminal defendants and on the judges ' views of their own courtroom behavior . this book argues that variation in the discourse structure of the guilty pleas can best be understood as enactments of the judges ' differing interpretations of due process law and the proper role of the judge in the courtroom . susan philips demonstrates how legal and professional ideologies are expressed differently in interviews and socially occurring speech , and reveals how bounded written and spoken genres of legal discourse play a role in containing and ordering ideological diversity in language use . she also shows how the ideological struggles in a given courtroom are central yet largely hidden or denied . such findings will contribute significantly to the study of how speakers create realities through their use of language . april 1998 224 pp . 0-19 - 511341 - 1 paper $ 29 . 95 0-19 - 511340 - 3 cloth $ 59 . 00 oxford university press on reconstructing grammar : comparative cariban morphosyntax spike gildea , rice university ( oxford studies in anthropological linguistics 18 ) this book has two important aims . the first is to argue that grammaticalization theory has advanced to the point where it can be used with the comparative method to reconstruct the grammar of proto - languages . the second is to give a detailed case-study of this methodology by examining the typologically interesting cariban language family of south america - - a language group that has , according to most linguists , an impossible ( that is , far too technical ) syntactic structure . spike gildea 's findings answer long-standing questions about the historical reconstruction of grammar and will interest linguists concerned with south american languages and with grammaticalization , as well as those working in the descriptive or functional traditions . september 1998 304 pp . ; 15 linecuts 0-19 - 510952 - x $ 85 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
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1928,"Subject: psycholinguistics & neurolinguistics
 
 linguistic structure and change : an explanation from language processing thomas berg , university of hamburg thomas berg analyzes language as a psychological phenomenon in order to reach a clearer understanding of why the structure of language is the way it is and how it changes . he claims that real explanations of the structure of language can only emerge by establishing connections between language and its context . the explanatory power of one of these contexts , the psychological one , is examined in detail . june 1998 352 pp . ; 4 linecuts 0-19 - 823672 - 7 $ 95 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
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1929,"Subject: the english language
 
 fixed expressions and idioms in english : a corpus - based approach rosamund moon , university of birmingham ( oxford studies in lexicography and lexicology ) this is a text-based study of fixed expressions , or idioms . moon 's central argument is that fixed expressions can only be fully understood if they are considered in the context of the texts in which they occur . she examines several thousand fixed expressions and how they are being used in current english . she argues that examination of the corpus raises questions about many received ideas on fixed expressions and idioms , and suggests that new , use-centered , models are required . june 1998 352 pp . ; 9 linecuts 0-19 - 823614 - x $ 85 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
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1930,"Subject: available for review : phonology
 
 the three books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org note : please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not provide a link or url to an online cv or homepage - - these will be ignored . please also provide a surface address for us to send the book to . phonology : james m . scobbie ; autosegmental representation in a declarative constraint - based framework 0-8153 - 1949 - 0 , cloth ; 280 pages , $ 61 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics the book examines the formal characterization of multiple association from the perspective of a declarative constraint-based phonological framework . both the autosegmental and constraint-based aspects of the book are highly relevant to recent developments in phonological theory , predating the current interest in constraint interaction and optimization . inspired by the empirical and formal success of unification - based grammars , all phonological rules and representations are interpreted as hard constraints on well-formedness . in general then , constraints are simply conjoined , and faithfulness to the lexical entry is obligatory . alternations arise from underspecification . the multiple sequenced tiers of autosegmental phonology are shown to be redundant , and linear order is limited to the root tier . association is then defined as the inverse of dominance within the feature geometry , so multiple association is co-dominance of a feature by two roots . the no crossing constraint is not applicable since non-root features are not on sequenced tiers , and the sharing constraint is introduced instead as the key means of forcing locality on co-dominance : it bans co-dominance by non - adjacent roots . thus , because features and association lines are indestructible , the key autosegmental properties of integrity and inalterability are predicted to occur . long distance dependencies are then considered . from the perspective of structural integrity , discontinuous geminates in planar morphologies are more like fake geminates than true geminates , which is predicted by the sharing constraint . only a tiny amount of nontonal data can be presented in favor of non-local multiple association which feeds phonological rules : chaha displays non-local inalterability and javanese , the opposite ( side-effects ) . thus the balance of evidence is against a single mechanism uniting local and non-local multiple association . phonology daniel silverman ; phasing and recoverability ; 0-8153 - 2876 - 1 , cloth ; 256 pages , $ 56 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this phonological study investigates the articulatory timing ( "" phasing "" ) relationships that render acoustic cues optimally recoverable by the listener , and the strong tendency for languages to allow sub-optimal timing patterns only if they allow optimal ones . the primary area of focus is the otomanguean language group of oaxaca , mexico and neighboring states , which possesses "" laryngeally complex "" vowels , a typologically unusual pattern in which tone and non-modal phonatory settings ( breathiness , creakiness ) cross-classify . the laryngeally complex vowels of jalapa mazatec , comaltepec , chinantec , and copala trique are studied in depth . also explored are the phasing relations between obstruents and laryngeals , and sonorants and laryngeals , including phonological analyses from such diverse groups as mon - khmer , tibeto - burman , and nilotic , among others . throughout the investigation , findings from a number of relevant disciplines aerodynamics , acoustics , audition are applied to the sound patterns in an effort not only to describe them in phonetic detail , but also to explain their phonological and typological behavior . ( ph . d . dissertation , university of california - los angeles , 1995 ; revised with new bibliography and index ) phonology burquest , donald a . , author ; phonological analysis : a functional approach ; pb ; isbn : 1-55671 - 067 - 4 ; x + 314 pp . , 1998 , 2nd ed . , $ 29 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics . human language is a remarkable phenomenon . its study continues to be a source of fascination and delight . dr . donald burquest , professor of linguistics at the university of texas at arlington , developed this foundational textbook during years of helping students overcome the feelings of dismay that new phonology students experience when confronted by a mass of raw phonetic data . while working through the material , the student is led through the steps of organizing data and is introduced to particular theories for later in-depth specialization . the author expands on the previous edition of this text by adding introductions to autosegmental phonology and metrical phonology . he has also included a series of problems at the end of most chapters that provide an opportunity for the student to apply the information in that chapter . this textbook is intended for use in an upper division introductory course in phonology , preparing the student to further study aspects of current theory .
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1931,"Subject: 2nd call , tls 1999
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - second call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - announcing the 1999 conference of the texas linguistics society perspectives on argument structure to be held at the university of texas at austin , march 5 - 7 , 1999 . keynote speakers : beth levin ( northwestern university ) james pustejovsky ( brandeis university ) michael tanenhaus ( university of rochester ) deadline for receipt of abstracts : october 16 , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - abstracts are invited for 30 - minute talks ( with 10 additional minutes for discussion ) . issues of argument structure have proven to be of long-standing interest within diverse subfields of linguistics . the intent of this conference is to bring together researchers working on argument structure from different perspectives . in keeping with this idea , presentations that address argument structure from the perspective of formal syntax or semantics are encouraged , as well as those that take psycholinguistic , computational or other approaches . potential topics include , but are not limited to : * theories of linking ; relating argument structure to syntactic structure * accounts of case assigment * lexical conceptual semantics and argument structure * computational implementation & models of argument structure or linking * syntax / semantic interface and language acquisition * acquisition of argument structure * language processing of argument structure , subcategorization or lexical / conceptual structure abstracts must be no more than on 8 . 5 "" by 11 "" page , single spaced and in at least 12 - point type ( 10 - point for examples ) , with one-inch margin on all sides . one additional page with references , diagrams and data ( no text ) may be appended , if necessary . all submissions must include the following : * six anonymous copies of the abstract * one 3 "" x5 "" card with name , affiliation , address , phone number , e-mail and title of paper deadline for receipt of abstracts is october 16 , 1998 . send abstracts to : tls abstract committee calhoun 501 , b5100 the university of texas at austin austin , tx 78712 abstracts received after the deadline will not be considered . fax submissions will not be accepted . instructions for text-only e-mail submissions are available by request . an individual may submit at most one single and one co-authored paper . authors whose abstracts are accepted will be notified in mid - december , 1998 . presenters who wish to have their papers included in the conference proceedings must submit a camera ready copy by may 15 , 1999 . proceedings will be published by the texas linguistics forum . conference pre-registration is $ 15 . 00 ( us ) for students , $ 25 . 00 for non-students . for more information , e-mail tls @ uts . cc . utexas . edu or visit the conference website at http : / / uts . cc . utexas . edu / ~ tls /
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1932,"Subject: 13th paclic
 
 the 13th pacific asia conference on language , information and computation february 10-12 , 1999 the grand hotel , taipei , taiwan , r . o . c . second call for papers the department of computer science and information engineering , national cheng kung university , is pleased to announce that the 13th pacific asia conference on language , information and computation ( paclic 13 ) will be held in the grand hotel , taipei , taiwan , r . o . c . , on february 10-12 , 1999 . scope : the conference is an annual meeting of scholars with a wide range of interest in theoretical and computational linguistics . papers are invited on substantial , original , and unpublished research on all aspects of theoretical and computational linguistics , including , but not limited to the following . 1 . syntax 2 . corpus linguistics 3 . phonology 4 . natural language processing 5 . pragmatics 6 . semantics 7 . computer applications 8 . discourse and dialogue analysis 9 . morphology 10 . formal grammar theory paper submission : four hard-copies of a preliminary version of a full paper ( maximum 25 letter - or a4 - sized pages , double spaced throughout ) should be sent to the following address . the first page of the submitted paper should bear the following information : the title of the paper , the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliations , mailing address , and email address for correspondence . chung - hsien wu department of computer science and information engineering , national cheng kung university tainan , taiwan , r . o . c . email : chwu @ server2 . iie . ncku . edu . tw fax : 886 - 6-2746867 important dates : preliminary paper submission due : october 10 , 1998 notification of acceptance : november 25 , 1998 camera - ready copy due : january 5 , 1999 conference chairs chairman jhing - fa wang national cheng kung university , taiwan email : wangjf @ server2 . iie . ncku . edu . tw co - chairmen kim teng lua national university of singapore benjamin k . t 's ou city university of hong kong young - hern lee korean society for language and information , korea akira ikeya tokyo gakuen university , japan lin - shan lee academia sinica , taiwan program chairs chairman chung - hsien wu national cheng kung university , taiwan co - chairman jen - tzung chien national cheng kung university , taiwan program committee ozeki kakazuhiko , japan matsumoto yuji , japan kawamori masahito , japan kanazawa makoto , japan igarashi yoshiyuki , japan suk - jin chang , korea jaewoong choe , korea chungmin lee , korea ik - hwan lee , korea byung - soo park , korea lai bong yeung tom , hong kong samuel w . k . chan , hong kong jin guo , singapore jie xu , singapore hai zhou li , singapore one - soon her , taiwan zhao - ming gao , taiwan hsue - hueh hsu , taiwan charces c . lee , taiwan chu - ren huang , taiwan http : / / www . csie . ncku . edu . tw / paclic13
",0
1933,"Subject: table of contents glot international 3 - 5
 
 table of contents of glot international , vol . 3 , issue 5 editors : lisa l . s . cheng and rint sybesma < mail to : glot @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl > < http : / / www . hag . nl / glot . htm > interview with james mccawley : "" what 's right about x - bar syntax is the x and the bar . what 's wrong is everything else ! "" state - of-the - article : marc van oostendorp : "" schwa in phonological theory "" "" in general it seems that the requirements on schwa syllables are much stronger than those on syllables headed by other vowels . "" column : neil smith writes on "" acquired whining "" "" to return at the end to woody allen , it is clear that the quotation i started with was inspired by his admiration for chomsky . "" dissertations : "" the syntax of past participles . a generative study of nonfinite constructions in ancient and modern italian "" by verner egerland ( lund 1996 ) reviewed by yves d ' hulst "" direct object scrambling in dutch and italian child language "" by jeannette schaeffer ( ucla 1997 ) reviewed by astrid ferdinand books : "" base rules phonetically "" by joan mascar reviewing "" grounded phonology "" by diana archangeli and douglas pulleyblank ( mit press 1994 ) goodies : "" signal analysis and digital signals "" by stefan frisch reviewing "" winsal - v "" , by ingolf franke conference reports : glow special : reports glow hyderabad , india , january 20-23 ( by georges tsoulas ) glow tilburg , april 15-18 , including the workshops ( by ileana paul , marc van oostendorp , and jan - wouter zwart ) interview with henk van riemsdijk ( by lisa cheng and rint sybesma ) : "" we ' re a great field , but it is small and in considerable danger . "" console 6 , december 15-17 , university of lisbon ( by joo costa ) the number of death a linguistic mystery in eight installments by chris sidney tappan chapter 4 . towards some hypotheses rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
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1934,"Subject: new book : atomism and binding
 
 atomism and binding edited by hans bennis , pierre pica and johan rooryck the state of the art in binding : everything on reference , coreference , nonreference and disjoint reference , and more on boundedness and freedom . the sixteen papers in this new volume provide a representative overview of the broad range of issues relevant to the study of binding phenomena in the generative framework . since the inception of the theoretical interest in co-referential relations in generative grammar , there has been a debate with respect to the question as to whether and how ( co ) - reference should be represented in the grammar . notions such as "" ( co ) - indexation "" , "" disjoint reference "" , "" free "" and "" bound "" play an important role in this discussion . their relevance is explicitly analyzed in many articles of this volume . the role of thematic information in binding theory constitutes another important line of inquiry elaborated on in this book . various contributors to this volume argue that thematic information largely influences binding phenomena , although the specific proposals expressing this relation differ quite substantially . another issue pursued here is related to the discussion whether binding theory is a component of sentence grammar . many papers address this issue quite explicitly and delineate the respective roles of sentence and discourse grammar in novel and intriguing ways . the volume contains the following contributions : stephen berman & arild hestvik : "" split antecedents , noncoreference and drt "" ; george aaron broadwell : "" binding theory and switch-reference "" ; hamida demirdache : "" condition c "" ; robert fiengo & robert may : "" the semantic significance of syntactic identity "" ; zygmunt frajzyngier : "" pronouns and agreement : systems interaction in the coding of reference "" ; robert freidin : "" binding theory on minimalist assumptions "" ; jeff gruber : "" a configurational approach to thematic binding "" ; james higginbotham : "" a plea for implicit anaphors "" ; hajime hoji : "" sloppy identity and principle b "" ; jan koster : "" anaphora and the uniformity of grammar "" ; howard lasnik : "" levels of representation and the elements of anaphora "" ; seth minkoff : "" on the syntax of local and logophoric control "" ; gertjan postma : "" logical entailment and the possessive nature of reflexive pronouns "" ; eric reuland & sigridur sigurjonsdottir : "" long distance ' binding ' in icelandic : syntax or discourse ? "" ; ken safir : "" symmetry and unity in the theory of anaphora "" ; christopher tancredi : "" pronouns and perspectives "" . and a very informative introduction by the editors . xx + 412 pp . isbn 90 6765 535 x . paperback . price : nlg 61 , 32 ( excl . vat and p&p ) holland academic graphics , the hague < http : / / www . hag . nl > rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
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1935,"Subject: available for review : semantics , pragmatics , syntax
 
 the three books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org note : please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not provide a link or url to an online cv or homepage - - these will be ignored . please also provide a surface address for us to send the book to . semantics carpenter , bob ( 1997 ) type - logical semantics . mit press , cambridge ma based on an introductory course on nl semantics , this book presents type-logical grammar and the range fo linguistic phenomena that can be handled in categorial grammar . semantics and syntax forget et al . ( 1998 ) negation and polarity . john benjamins pub . co . semantics : bayer , samuel ( 1997 ) confessions of a lapsed neogrammarian . events and arguments in compositional semantics . garland press . pragmatics : reboul , anne and jacquess moeschler ( 1998 ) pragmatique du discours : de l ' interpretation de l ' enonce a l ' interpretation du discours . armand colin , paris
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1936,"Subject: available for review : syntax and morphology
 
 the two books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org note : please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not provide a link or url to an online cv or homepage - - these will be ignored . please also provide a surface address for us to send the book to . syntax cheng , lisa lai - shen ( 1997 ) on the typology of wh - questions . garland press : ny syntax and morphology josefsson , gunlog ( 1998 ) minimal words in a minimal syntax : word formation in swedish . john benjamins : ny .
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1937,"Subject: congress on storage & computation in linguistics 1998
 
 in this message we ask your attention for the utrecht congress on storage and computation in linguistics , organized october 19th - october 21st 1998 ( monday through wednesday ) by the utrecht institute of linguistic ots , at the occasion of its 10th anniversary . keynote speaker is ray jackendoff ( what 's in the lexicon ? ) . other invited speakers are : frans zwarts ( negation , temporal connectives and nonveridicality ) , ed keenan & ed stabler ( language invariance and language learnability ) , jan koster ( the uniformity of grammar ) , john ohala ( on the origin of the processes creating phonological varaints ) , geert booij ( lexical storage and phonological change ) , harald clahsen ( storage and computation of language in children with williams syndrome ) , steven gillis ( the acquisition of metrical phonology : computational learning experiments with ( out ) parameters , nicholas asher ( discourse parsing and interpretation ) , frans van eemeren ( rhetorical analysis within a dialectical framework ) , sally thomason ( competition and rule creation in language variation and change ) , and pieter muysken ( accommodation strategies in language contact ) . also there will be an evening lecture on monday evening , october 19th , by : steve pinker "" words and rules "" . this evening lecture will also be open to non-participants from uil ots and from the national graduate school of linguistics lot , in so far as there sufficient places . besides the invited lectures there are 19 oral presentations of selected papers , and 24 poster presentations . as of september 7th , a full congress programme and registration form can be found on the internet http : / / www-uilots . let . uu . nl / conferences / sc _ home . htm or can be obtained from our secretariate . note that registration is necessary also for participants from uil ots and lot , and that the registration fee will be considerably higher after october 1st . thus , on-site registration is possible , but will be relatively costly . programme for the utrecht congress on storage & computation in linguistics 1998 organized by the utrecht institute of linguistics ots on the occasion of its 10th anniversary october 19th - october 21st , 1998 20 . 00 informal drinks and registration 08 . 30 - 09 . 30 coffee and registration 09 . 30 - 09 . 45 welcome and opening riet schenkeveld - van der dussen , dean of the faculty of arts eric reuland , director of the uil ots 09 . 45 - 11 . 45 theme 1 : the architecture of the language faculty : storage and computation 09 . 45 - 10 . 30 ray jackendoff ( keynote lecture ) what 's in the lexicon ? 10 . 30 - 10 . 45 discussion 10 . 45 - 11 . 30 frans zwarts negation , temporal connectives , and nonveridicality 11 . 30 - 11 . 45 discussion 11 . 45 - 12 . 15 coffee break 12 . 25 - 13 . 25 posters m . becker the acquisition of language with complex heads a . evers & j . van kampen three types of delay in language acquisition j . dalalakis recall or computation ? level - ordering skills of greek specifically-language - impaired individuals i . kappa on the acquisition of fricatives in modern greek s . powers computing complexity in child grammar m . sharwood - smith dr . watson 's problem : on modular interactions in the second language acquirer d . ravid , h . abu - nofel & r . huri in the presence of multiple cues : learning to inflect plural adjectives in palestinian arabic n . ritter predicting the growth of phonological complexity in a cognitive-based computational model 13 . 25 - 14 . 30 lunch 14 . 30 - 15 . 50 theme 2 : grammar design 14 . 30 - 15 . 00 ed keenan & ed stabler language invariants and language learnability 15 . 00 - 15 . 10 discussion 15 . 10 - 15 . 40 jan koster the uniformity of grammar 15 . 40 - 15 . 50 discussion 15 . 50 - 16 . 20 coffee break 16 . 20 - 18 . 00 selected papers 16 . 20 - 16 . 45 h . jacobs child language and decreolization : computability and multiple storage 16 . 45 - 17 . 10 b . hohle & j . weissenborn the processing of closed-class elements in preverbal children : on the structure of children 's early lexical representations 17 . 10 - 17 . 35 l . lagerwerf inferences with causal connectives 17 . 35 - 18 . 00 b . warren & b . erman prefabs and word retrievals evening lecture place : aula , academiegebouw , domplein 29 20 . 30 steve pinker words and rules 08 . 30 - 09 . 50 theme 3 : language change 08 . 30 - 09 . 00 john ohala on the origin of the processes creating phonological variants 09 . 00 - 09 . 10 discussion 09 . 10 - 09 . 40 geert booij lexical storage and phonological change 09 . 40 - 09 . 50 discussion 09 . 50 - 10 . 20 coffee break 10 . 20 - 12 . 00 selected papers 10 . 20 - 10 . 45 j . lidz , l . gleitman & h gleitman the neighborhood effect 10 . 45 - 11 . 10 h . baayen & r . schreuder the balance of storage and computation in the mental lexicon : the case of morphological processing in language comprehension 11 . 10 - 11 . 35 a . laubstein blends as sublexical substitution errors 11 . 35 - 12 . 00 th . pollman & c . jansen the pragmatics of numerical expressions 12 . 10 - 13 . 10 posters j . treffers - daller borrowing and shift-induced interference : contrasting patterns in french - germanic contact in brussels and strasbourg j . mateu i fontanals on the irrelevance of conceptual content to the syntax - semantics interface i . draskovic & j . pustejovsky adjective - noun modifications : yellow tables , interesting books , and fast cars d . janssen the relativity of storage versus computation in producing language e . clark the net gain of neural nets : toward a more precise representation of universal grammar m . carmelita dias , v . quental & l . sanchez garcia a modular approach to lexicon j . weissenborn , b . hohle , d . kiefer & d . cavar the principle of economic conservatism : a constraint on children 's early syntactic operations d . leblanc competing lexical configurations : explaining patterns of child null subject and root infinitive use 13 . 10 - 14 . 30 lunch 14 . 30 - 15 . 50 theme 4 : language acquisition 14 . 30 - 15 . 00 harald clahsen storage and computation of language in children with williams syndrome 15 . 00 - 15 . 10 discussion 15 . 10 - 15 . 40 steven gillis the acquisition of metrical phonology : computational learning experiments with ( out ) parameters 15 . 40 - 15 . 50 discussion 15 . 50 - 16 . 20 coffee break 16 . 20 - 18 . 00 selected papers 16 . 20 - 16 . 45 : i . lasser language variation as cross-module links 16 . 45 - 17 . 10 : m . pinango , e . zurif & r . jackendoff aspectual coercion as on-line semantic computation : psycholinguistic and neuroanatomical evidence 17 . 10 - 17 . 35 : e . kaan , a . harris , e . gibson & ph . holcomb a brain wave component reflecting computation in language processing 17 . 35 - 18 . 00 : w . daelemans , a . van den bosch , j . veenstra & j . zavrel memory - based models of language processing 20 . 00congress diner 08 . 30 - 09 . 50 theme 5 : discourse analysis 08 . 30 - 09 . 00 nicholas asher discourse parsing and interpretation 09 . 00 - 09 . 10 discussion 09 . 10 - 09 . 40 frans van eemeren rhetorical analysis within a dialectical framework 09 . 40 - 09 . 50 discussion 09 . 50 - 10 . 20 coffee break 10 . 20 - 12 . 00 selected papers 10 . 20 - 10 . 45 j . schilperoord & a . verhagen storage and computation : a view from language production 10 . 45 - 11 . 10 s . grondelaers & m . brysbaert the interaction of storage and computation in the mental lexicon : the case of morphological processing in language comprehension 11 . 10 - 11 . 35 a . kilgariff the generative lexicon and the nunbergian lexicon 11 . 35 - 12 . 00 j . van der does & h . de hoop word - order variation and type-shifting 12 . 10 - 13 . 10 posters p . royle , g . jarema & e . kehayia visual word access in developmentally language impaired francophones r . slabakova aspectual constraints in the mental lexicon of bulgarian speakers l . stowe , r . withaar , a . wijers & a . paans the localization in the brain of cognitive functions involved in sentence processing r . varley & s . whiteside whole word storage in speech production : evidence from normal speakers and speakers with acquired apraxia of speech b . kennelly quantification / aspect interface m . penke , m . krause & u . janssen storage and computation in german participle formation : evidence from language disorders y . tobin monosemy and iconicity as underlying holistic mnemonic devices in language structure m . vilares ferro , d . cabrero souto & m . alonso pardo exploring parsing efficiency in computational linguistics 13 . 10 - 14 . 30 lunch 14 . 30 - 15 . 45 selected papers 14 . 30 - 14 . 55 p . ackema , a . neeleman competition between syntax and morphology 14 . 55 - 15 . 20 j . mateu i fontanals , l . amadas i simon & m . pascual i pou on the lexical syntax of ' constructional idioms ' 15 . 20 - 15 . 45 n . olsthoorn & g . kempen the cognitive architecture of grammatical encoding and decoding : an experimental test of the single-processor hypothesis 15 . 45 - 16 . 15 coffee break 16 . 15 - 17 . 35 theme 6 : language variation 16 . 15 - 16 . 45 sally thomason competition and rule creation in language variation and change 16 . 45 - 16 . 55 discussion 16 . 55 - 17 . 25 pieter muysken accommodation strategies in language contact 17 . 25 - 17 . 35 discussion 17 . 35 - 18 . 00 closing statement sunday october 18th place : michaelskapel , domtower , domplein monday october 19th place : drift 21 , room 0 . 32 & main hall tuesday october 20th place : drift 21 , room 0 . 32 & main hall wednesday october 21st place : drift 21 , room 0 . 32 & main hall _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ utrecht institute of linguistics ots uil ots please note ! the e-mail address changed to uil-ots @ let . uu . nl voice : # 31 ( 0 ) 30-2536006 fax : # 31 ( 0 ) 30-2536000 postal adress : trans 10 , 3512 jk , utrecht , the netherlands _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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1938,"Subject: universal grammar , ling anthropology
 
 lang acquisition ( universal grammar ) investigations in universal grammar : a guide to experiments on the acquisition of syntax and semantics stephen crain and rosalind thornton this introductory guide to language acquisition research is presented within the framework of universal grammar , a theory of the human faculty for language . the authors focus on two experimental techniques for assessing children 's linguistic competence : the elicited production task , a production task , and the truth value judgment task , a comprehension task . their methodologies are designed to overcome the numerous obstacles to empirical investigation of children 's language competence . they produce research results that are more reproducible and less likely to be dismissed as an artifact of improper experimental procedure . in the first section of the book , the authors examine the fundamental assumptions that guide research in this area ; they present both a theory of linguistic competence and a model of language processing . in the following two sections , they discuss in detail their two experimental techniques . stephen crain is professor of linguistics and rosalind thornton is assistant professor of linguistics , both at the university of maryland at college park . language , speech , and communication series a bradford book may 1998 $ 55 . 00 cloth 7 x 10 , 368 pp . , 46 illus . isbn 0-262 - 03250 - 3 for more information please visit http : / / mitpress . mit . edu / promotions / books / craihs98 linguistic anthropology linguistic anthropology alessandro duranti ( u . of california , los angeles ) isbn : 0-521 - 44536 - 1 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 420 pp . ; pub . date : 8 / 30 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 64 . 95 ; alessandro duranti introduces linguistic anthropology as an interdisciplinary field that studies language as a cultural resource and speaking as a cultural practice . the theories and methods of linguistic anthropology are introduced through a discussion of linguistic diversity , grammar in use , the role of speaking in social interaction , the organization and meaning of conversational structures , and the notion of participation as a unit of analysis . linguistic anthropology will appeal to undergraduate and graduate students . contents : 1 . the scope of linguistic anthropology ; 2 . theories of culture ; 3 . linguistic diversity ; 4 . ethnographic methods ; 5 . transcription : from writing to digitized images ; 6 . meaning in linguistic forms ; 7 . speaking as social action ; 8 . conversational ex ! changes ; 9 . units of participation ; 10 . conclusions ; appendix : practical tips on recording interaction ; references ; indexes order info : www . cup . org / order . html
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1939,"Subject: books : pidgins & creoles , oceanic ling
 
 pidgins and creoles muehlhausler , peter , ed . papers in pidgin and creole linguistics no . 5 1998 , isbn 0 85883 474 x , v + 213pp . softcover . ( in press ) a $ 41 . 40 pacific linguistics catalogue number , a-91 . key words : pidgins and creoles ; lexicology ; pitcairn ; bislama ; western australia . this volume brings together lexicographic and sociolinguistic descriptions of some of the less well-documented pidgins , creoles and contact languages of the pacific region , adding many important details to current knowledge . for more information , contact : pacific linguistics http : / / coombs . anu . edu . au / depts / rspas / ling / pl / pageone . html oceanic ling tent , jan and france mugler , sicol proceedings of the second international conference on oceanic linguistics : vol . 1 , language contact 1998 , isbn 0 85883 448 x , ix + 146pp . softcover . a $ 36 . 25 pacific linguistics catalogue number , c-141 . key words : language contact ; creoles ; pidgins . this volume contains most of the papers presented at the second international conference on oceanic linguistics session on language contact . the papers range far afield , but the bulk are about the pacific and in particular melanesia , the part of the region with the greatest linguistic diversity and a rich history of language contact . the topics relate to : fiji hindi ( david arms ) , the tayo language of new caledonia ( chris core ) , belizean creole ( genevieve escure ) , singapore colloquial english ( anthea fraser gupta ) , french antillean creoles ( william jennings ) , melanesian pidgins and creole ( ernest w . lee ) , bislama ( miriam meyerhoff ) , south indian languages in fiji ( france mugler ) , language use and attitudes in fiji ( france mugler and jan tent ) , and the language of adolescent first language tok pisin speakers ( geoff p . smith ) . for more information , contact : pacific linguistics http : / / coombs . anu . edu . au / depts / rspas / ling / pl / pageone . html
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1940,"Subject: book : phonetics ( intonation )
 
 phonetics intonation ( second edition ) alan cruttenden ( university of manchester , uk ) isbn : 0-521 - 59182 - 1 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 218 pp . ; pub . date : 8 / 30 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 59 . 95 ; when published in 1986 , this book was the first to survey intonation in all its aspects , both in english and universally . in this updated edition , while the basic descriptive facts of the form and use of intonation are presented in the british nuclear tone tradition , there is nevertheless extensive comparison with other theoretical frameworks , in particular with the tobi framework , which has become widespread in the united states . the author has expanded the sections on historical background , different theoretical approaches and sociolinguistic variation . intonation remains a basic reference book for linguists , phoneticians , speech therapists and all those concerned with speech in any way . ; contents : 1 . preliminaries ; 2 . stress , accent , and rhythm ; 3 . the forms of intonation ; 4 . the fun ! ctions of intonation ; 5 . comparative intonation ; 6 . conspectus ; references ; subject index ; author index . ; order info : www . cup . org / order . html
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1941,"Subject: re : teflin98
 
 t e f l i n the association of teachers of english as a foreign language in indonesia a call for papers and an invitation to participate ( update ) international teflin seminar 1998 ( the 46th teflin seminar ) toward english for global communication : teachers as agents of change bandungan , semarang november 9th - 12th 1998 aims * sharing new ideas in response to current demands for english as a means of global communication * fostering communication among efl teachers in indonesia and overseas * raising awareness of being professionals , not ' just ' english teachers topic areas * genres for global communication : from literature to the internet * inter cultural communication * developing communicative elt materials * related research reports types of presentation * plenary papers ( 60 minutes plus 30 minutes for questions ) * papers for parallel sessions ( 45 minutes plus 15 minutes for questions ) * workshop ( 90 minutes ) proposals the teflin organisers invite english language teachers and educators to submit typed-abstracts of approximately 100 words . the deadline for receipt of abstracts is september 30th 1998 . please use the enclosed proposal form and send it to the address shown speakers a number of presenters who have confirmed so far include : 1 . dr . jack richards ( will give three presentations ) 2 . dr . julia to dutka ( director of toefl , princeton . usa ) 3 . dr . k . m . jenson ( usis jakarta ) 4 . a / prof peter collins ( new south wales university , sydney ) 5 . dr . gillian perrett ( head of tefl , sydney university ) and many more . apparently this year 's teflin seminar has attracted participants from all over the world such as uk , usa , australia , india , japan , korea , taiwan , thailand , malaysia , singapore , morocco , argentina etc . therefore , the 46th teflin seminar is no longer a national seminar but an international one . venue the seminar will be held in two adjacent hotels in bandungan , at the foot of ungaran mountain , 30 minutes drive south of semarang . the hotels have several restaurants , swimming pools , and tennis courts with splendid view . horse riding facilities can be found around the hotels and a traditional market selling local fruits , vegetables etc . is within walking distance . conference fee the registration fee is rp . 30 . 000 and us $ 25 for non - indonesian citizen . due to the limited number of rooms each hotel has , participants will be accommodated at two different hotels with different rates . these rates cover full board accommodation for three nights including 20 % government and service taxes and a copy of teflin journal . payment should be made to our account : bank rakyat indonesia , semarang - pattimura , cabang sampangan . account name : teflin 98 account number : 33-20 - 8888 a . nugraha wisata hotel ( with swimming pools and restaurant ) single occupancy rp . 450 . 000 shared rp . 250 . 000 ( please note that a fee of rp . 17 . 500 per day will be charged if you choose a suite room . ) b . rawa pening "" eltricia "" ( with swimming pools , restaurants and tennis courts ) shared rp . 190 . 000 note : non - indonesian citizen : us $ 50 please note that elika retreat house mentioned in the first circular is no longer available . we apologise for the inconveniences caused . transport a bus will leave the ikip semarang kelut campus ( auditorium gate on jl kelut raya ) on monday , november 9th 1998 at 2 : 00 pm . sharp . if you wish to book a seat , please contact laurentius e . nugraha at the addresses shown below . the bus will depart from bandungan on thursday , november 12th at 2 : 00 pm . to return participants to semarang . public transport ( "" bus nasima "" ) is also available from the semarang bus terminal to the hotels in bandungan . enquiries : helena i . r . agustien ( chairperson ) or laurentius e . nugraha ( contact person ) email : lnugraha @ indosat . net . id tel & fax : ( 024 ) 471061 address : gombel permai v / 105 , semarang 50261 if you wish to take a taxi from "" a . yani "" semarang airport to bandungan , please tell the driver to take you to the hotel ( s ) which is located right at the opposite of the famous "" tahu bandungan "" ( bandungan home-made tofu ) . registration ( closing october 15th 1998 ) name and title : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ position : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ institution : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tel / fax / e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ preferred name for the teflin tag : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ accommodation ( please indicate by putting a * sign after your choice ) 1 nugraha wisata hotel 2 rawa pening "" eltricia "" ( to ensure that you will have your preferred accommodation , please register as soon as possible . room assignment will be on first registered first served basis ) payment ( please indicate by putting a * sign after your choice ) 1 . cash 2 . transfer participation : i wish to ( please indicate by putting a * sign after your choice ) 1 . present a paper 2 . lead a workshop 3 . attend as a participant special requirements : 1 . ohp 2 video player 3 . co presenting with ( name and institution ) abstract ( please submit your abstract by september 30th to the address indicated above )
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1942,"Subject: feminist conference : call for papers
 
 we are pleased to inform you that the center for studies and research on women which is affiliated to the faculty of letters and humanities dhar el mehraz , fes , morocco , is organizing an international conference on 8 , 9 , and 10 april 1999 on the following theme : feminist mouvements : origins and orientations current academic research on women has acquired a significant place in the field of knowledge . as a scientific discipline , it has largely contributed to theoretical elaborations . these elaborations , however , cannot be fully appreciated except in a framework that enhances the origins and orientations of feminist movements which have initiated and developed research studies on women . through the theme of this conference we aim to place the problem of origins and orientations of feminist movements in a context wide but specific enough to foster a real understanding of these movements at a universal scale . with this aim in mind , the conference will address the following issues , related to the historical , cultural , social , legal and ideological dimensions : 1 . the historical and cultural conditions which have crystallised into feminist movements worldwide ; 2 . the cultural and civilisational origins which have characterised these movements since their inception ; 3 . the nature of interaction between western feminist movements and their arab counterparts ; 4 . the intellectual orientations behind the evolution of feminist movements throughout the world . 5 . futurist views on feminist movements abstracts may be in english , french or arabic . deadline for receiving abstracts : november 30th , 1998 . the university will pay for board and lodging of the participants . abstracts may be sent by e-mail , fax , or surface mail to : fatima sadiqi department of english faculte des lettres dhar el mehraz b . p . 50 fes 30000 morocco fax : + 212 + 5 64 08 44 e-mail : < sadiqi @ fesnet . net . ma > telephone : + 212 + 5 61 09 10
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1943,"Subject: eurogp ' 99
 
 call for papers eurogp ' 99 second european workshop on genetic programming goteborg , 26-27 may , 1999 genetic programming ( gp ) is a new branch of evolutionary computation in which the structures in the population being evolved are computer programs . gp has been applied successfully to a large number of difficult problems like automatic design , pattern recognition , robotic control , synthesis of neural networks , symbolic regression , music and picture generation , etc . eurogp ' 99 is the biggest event entirely devoted to genetic programming to be held in europe , the second of its kind after eurogp ' 98 which took place this year in paris . the aims are to give european and non - european researchers in the area of genetic programming as well as people from industry an opportunity to present their latest research and discuss current developments and applications . the event will be held at chalmers university of technology in goteborg , sweden . the workshop is sponsored by evonet , the network of excellence in evolutionary computing , and is one of the activities of evogp , the evonet working group on genetic programming . it will be held in conjunction with five other major european events : * evorobot ' 99 , the second european workshop on evolutionary robotics , * evoiasp ' 99 , the first european workshop on evolutionary image analysis and signal processing , * euroectel ' 99 , the first european workshop on evolutionary telecommunications , * evostim ' 99 , the first european workshop on evolutionary sheduling and time-tabling , * evoscondi ' 99 , the first european workshop on evolutionary computation for systems , control and drives industry , topics of interest include , but are not limited to : theoretical developments experimental results on performance and behaviour of gp runs new algorithms , representations and operators novel applications of gp to real-life problems hybrid architectures including gp components comparisons with other machine learning or program-induction techniques new libraries and implementations the workshop will consist of : a tutorial on gp by john koza an invited talk oral and poster sessions with periods for discussion software demos and industrial stands fees : registration fees are still being finalised and will be publicised shortly . registration to eurogp ' 99 will include free non-transferable registration to evorobot ' 99 , evoiasp ' 99 , euroectel ' 99 , evostim ' 99 and evoscondi ' 99 ( and vice versa ) . a reduced registration rate will be available for students . submissions : to submit , send your manuscript ( max length : 10 a4 pages ) to one of the co-chairs , riccardo poli and peter nordin , in postscript ( preferably compressed and uuencoded ) by email ( see addresses below ) not later than december 15 , 1998 . the papers will be peer reviewed by at least two members of the program committee . authors will be notified via email on the results of the review by january 15 , 1999 . the authors of accepted papers will have four weeks to improve their paper on the basis of the reviewers ' comments and will be asked to send a camera ready version of their manuscripts in lncs format ( 12 pages recommended , 15 pages max ) by february 15th , 1999 . the papers accepted will appear in the workshop proceedings , published by springer in the lecture notes in computer science series , which will be available at the workshop . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - organising committee : * riccardo poli , the university of birmingham , uk ( program co-chair ) e-mail : r . poli @ cs . bham . ac . uk * peter nordin , chalmers university of technology , sweden ( program co-chair ) e-mail : nordin @ fy . chalmers . se * terry fogarty , napier university , uk ( publication chair ) e-mail : t . fogarty @ dcs . napier . ac . uk * william b . langdon , the university of birmingham , uk ( publicity chair ) e-mail : w . b . langdon @ cs . bham . ac . uk * mats nordahl chalmers university of technology ( local chair ) email : tfemn @ fy . chalmers . se * kristian lindgren chalmers university of technology ( local chair ) email : frtkl @ fy . chalmers . se programme committee : * lee altenberg , university of hawai ` i at manoa * peter angeline , natural selection , new york , usa * wolfgang banzhaf , university of dortmund , germany * tobias blickle , saarbruecken , germany * marco dorigo , free university of brussels , belgium * gusz eiben , university of leiden , the netherlands * terry fogarty , napier university , uk * james a . foster * frederic gruau , center voor wiskunde en informatica , the netherlands * tom haynes , * hitoshi iba , university of tokyo , japan * w . b . langdon , the university of birmingham , uk * kristian lindgren , chalmers university of technology , sweden * nic mcphee * jean - arcady meyer , ecole normale superieure , france * mats nordahl , chalmers university of technology sweden * peter nordin , chalmers university of technology , sweden * una - may o'reilly , massachusetts institute of technology , usa * riccardo poli , the university of birmingham , uk * conor ryan , university of limerick , ireland * justinian rosca , siemens , usa * marc schoenauer , ecole polytechnique , france * michele sebag , ecole polytechnique , france * terry soule , st . cloud state university , usa * andrea tettamanzi , genetica , italy * marco tomassini , universite de lausanne , switzerland * hans - michael voigt , center for applied computer science , berlin , german * byoung - tak zhang , seoul national university , korea venue : main aula , goteborg university , vasaparken , goteborg directions can be found on the web site of the workshops . information on goteborg the friendly city and soksidor . accommodation : some prices for may 99 are still approximate . breakfast usually included . * maria erikssons pensionat , chalmersgatan 27 , , + 46 31 20 70 30 , 395-595 sek , dorm 200sek-250sek , + 46 31 166463 , distance 100 m * hotel flora , gronsakstorget 2 , + 46 31 13 86 16 , fax + 46 31 13 24 08 , 360-850 sek , hotelflora . ab @ swipnet . se , up to 6 beds in a few rooms , distance 600m * hotel vanilj , kyrkogatan 38 , + 46 31 7116220 , fax : + 46 31 7116230 , info @ vaniljhotel . entersol . se , 595-895 sek , 4 beds 1295 sek , distance 300m * hotel posseidon , storgatan 33 , + 49 31 10 05 50 , fax : + 49 31 13 83 91 , single 890 sek , double 1250 , jige @ algonet . se , distance 200m * hotel mornington , 800 sek , kungsportsavenyn 9 , mornington . hotel-gbg @ wmhotels . se , + 49 31 176540 , fax + 49 31 711 34 39 , distance 200m * hotel excelsior , karl gustavsgatan 7 , + 46 31 17 54 35 , fax + 46 31 17 54 39 , email : hotel . exelisio @ tripnet . se , http : / / www . tripnet / excelsior , 625-792 sek , distance 150m * hotel rubinen kungsportavenyn 24 , + 46 31 81 08 00 , fax + 46 31 167586 , reception . rubinen @ scandic-hotels . se , reservation . rubinen @ scandic-hotels . se , 1295-1965 sek , distance 300m local arrangements : in case help is needed regarding venue and / or accommodation , please contact peter nordin email : nordin @ fy . chalmers . se institute of physical resource theory chalmers university of technology s-412 96 goteborg , sweden timetable : submission deadline : 15 december 1999 notification of acceptance : 15 january 1999 camera ready papers for workshop : 15 february 1999 workshop : 26-27 may 1999 workshop web site : http : / / www . cs . bham . ac . uk / ~ rmp / eebic / eurogp99 contacts : riccardo poli email : r . poli @ cs . bham . ac . uk post : riccardo poli school of computer science the university of birmingham birmingham , b15 2tt , uk tel : + 44-121 - 414-3739 fax : + 44-121 - 414-4281 peter nordin email : nordin @ fy . chalmers . se institute of physical resource theory chalmers university of technology s-412 96 goteborg , sweden + 46 31 607213 , fax + 46 31 607201 w . b . langdon @ cs . bham . ac . uk 8 september 1998
",0
1944,"Subject: special issue cl journal / finite state methods . . .
 
 please post or distribute call for papers computational linguistics special issue on finite state methods in natural language processing recent years has seen a substantial increase in the use of finite state techniques in many aspects of natural language processing as mature tools for building large scale finite-state systems from various research laboratories and universities become available . this trend was by no means foreseen as late as ten years ago given the well-known demonstration by noam chomsky in 1957 that finite-state methods are inherently incapable of representing the full richness of constructions in a natural language . nevertheless , it is evident now that there are many subsets of natural language that are adequately covered by finite-state means and that there are many other areas where finite-state approximations of more powerful formalisms are of great practical benefit . as a follow-up to the fsmnlp ' 98 , international workshop on finite state methods in natural language processing , it was proposed that a collection of papers in this area be published as a special issue of the computational linguistics journal . we would to encourage authors of the papers presented at this workshop , as well as all others who would like to contribute , to submit full versions of their papers for consideration for this special issue . guest editors : lauri karttunen ( xerox research centre europe , france ) kemal oflazer ( bilkent university , turkey ) guest editorial board eric brill ( johns hopkins university , md , usa ) eva ejerhed ( umea university , sweden ) ronald m . kaplan ( xerox palo alto research center , ca , usa ) martin kay ( xerox palo alto research center , ca , usa ) george kiraz ( bell laboratories , nj , usa ) andrs kornai ( bbn , ma , usa ) mehryar mohri ( at&t labs research , nj , usa ) mark - jan nederhof ( dfki , germany ) atro voutilainen ( university of helsinki , finland ) submission details please submit 6 copies of your hard-copy manuscript to lauri karttunen xerox research centre europe 6 chemin de maupertuis meylan , 38240 , france by monday , october 19 , 1998 . the format of the submission should follow the general submission requirements of the journal . manuscripts for computational linguistics should be submitted on letter-size paper ( 8 . 5 by 11 inches , or a4 ) , double-spaced throughout , including footnotes and references . the paper should begin with an informative abstract of approximately 150-250 words . manuscripts must be written in english .
",0
1945,"Subject: sposs program
 
 program sposs 24-26 september , la baume - les - aix sounds patterns of spontaneous speech : production and perception _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ thursday 24 10-10 h . 30 welcome , coffee 10h . 30-11 h opening , presentation of the communications 11h - 12h . invited lecture : making sense of the infinite variety of natural speech patterns bjorn lindblom , stockholm and austin university 12h - 13h30 lunch 13h30 - 14h30 invited lecture : the phonetic manifestation of words in spontaneous speech klaus kohler , university of kiel 14h30 - 14h50 effect of emphasis and irritation on jaw opening o . fujimura , d . erickson and b . pardo , the ohio state university 14h50 - 15h10 comparison of aerodymanic and epg data in spoken and spontaneous speech d . demolin , universit libre de bruxelles 15h10 - 15h30 direct and indirect measurement of the articulation of intervocalic stop consonants in french alain soquet , universit libre de bruxelles 15h30 - 16h coffee break 16h - 16h20 distribution and acoustical characteristics of the allophones in french : laboratory / spontaneous speech denis autesserre and michel chafcouloff , lpl , aix en pce 16h20 - 16h40 phonological and phonetic aspects of brazilian portugese a study of / r / variants rgina cruz and lindinalva messias , ufpa , brazil 16h40 - 17h consonant reduction in spontaneous polish speech ryszard gubrynowicz * and pierre durand * * ( sal , warsaw and lpl , aix ) 17h - 17h20 quasi - homorganic v1 # # v2 sequencies in austrian german sylvia moosmller , acoustic research department , wien friday 25 9h - 9h . 20 what is deleted in spontaneous finnish : segmental interaction with word stress , vowel harmony and moras rittaa vlimaa - blum , cnrs ua 1027 , universit de lille 9h20 - 9h40 on - line preaspiration in swedish : implications for historical change ptur helgason , institute of phonetics , stockholm 9h40 - 10h language dependent and independent spontaneous speech phenomena patricia basset and tzu - ting su , ilpga , paris 10h - 10h30 coffee break 10h30 - 10h50 dual - route encoding : a synthesis of acoustic evidence from normal speech s . p . whiteside and r . a . varley , university of sheffield 10h50 - 11h10 consonant sequences in spontaneous french speech danielle duez , lpl , cnrs esa 6057 , aix en provence 11h10 - 12h10 invited lecture : "" synchronic variations and diachronic changes : the influence of prosodic structuring "" jacqueline vaissire , ilpga , paris 12h10 - 13h . 30 lunch 13h30 - 14h30 invited lecture : the recognition of spoken words with variable representation anne cutler , max planck institute , nijmegen 14h30 - 14h50 lexical access in spontaneous speech : reduced forms prime . . . less e . g . bard , m . l . kelly , and c . sotillo , hcrc , edinburgh 14h50 - 15h10 perception of ' reduced ' forms by non-native speakers of english linda shockey , university of reading 15h10 - 15h30 listening to nonnative language which violates native assimilation rules andrea weber , mpi , nijmegen 15h30 - 16h coffee break 16h - 16h20 extent of context and vowel indentification in speech variation s . m . williams and r . l . diehl , university of texas 16h20 - 16h40 disfluent speech : the transcriber problem r . lickley and e . g . bard , hcrc , edinburgh 16h40 - 17h is hypo-articulation lexically constrained ? c . f . sotillo and e . g . bard , hcrs , edinburgh 17h - 17h20 vowel quality in spontaneous speech : what makes a good vowel ? m . aylett and a . turk , hcrc , edinburgh 20h sposs dinner saturday 26 9h - 9h20 disentangling multiple sources of stress for word segmentation h . bortfeld and j . morgan , brown university 9h20 - 9h40 acoustic - prosodic cues of speech repairs in spontaneous speech shu - chan tseng , university of bielefeld 9h40 - 10h speaker strategies in the use of prosodic means in spontaneous discourse in dutch m . van donzel , f . j . koopmans - van beinum , l . c . w . pols , university of amsterdam 10h - 10h20 global and local characteristics of dutch questions in play-acted and spontanous speech j . haan and v . j . van heuven , nijmegen university and leiden university 10h20 - 10h40 effects of prosodic constraints on the differential lengthening of syllable constituents in french : a comparison between spontaneous and read speech c . astesano , lpl , aix en provence 10h40 - 11h we talk like that meh ? no , lah ! : intonation patterns on discourse particles in spontaneous singapore english lisa lim , university of singapore 11h - 11h30 coffee break 11h30 - 11h50 the use of alisp for automatic acoustic-phonetic transcription j . cernocky , g . baudoin , and g . chollet , tu of brno , esiee and enst 11h50 - 12h10 selection of pronunciation variants in spontaneous speech : comparing the performance of man and machine m . wester , j . m . kessens , c . cucchiarini , and h . strik 12h10 - 13h discussion : achievements and perspectives of research on spontaneous speech
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1946,"Subject: central japan language education ws
 
 the 1998 central japan language education workshop will be held this october at japan advanced institute of science and technology ( jaist ) ishikawa prefe cture , japan . the main theme of the workshop will be new technology and the language class room . further information regarding the workshop can be obtained from the workshop website : http : / / www . jaist . ac . jp / ~ mark / conferencemain . html regards , mark peterson http : / / www . jaist . ac . jp / ~ mark
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1947,"Subject: time map phonology
 
 kluwer academic publishers text , speech and language technology volume 5 series editors : nancy ide and jean veronis time map phonology finite state models and event logics in speech recognition julie carson - berndsen university of bielefeld , germany time map phonology addresses key areas of sound structure at which the two technologies of natural language processing and speech technology are beginning to converge . solutions are presented to the problems of how to process words which have not been heard before and how to develop fine-grained knowledge representation and processing techniques for linguistic units smaller than the word . the solutions are based on a careful comparison of linguistic theories and on the investigation of computational techniques for the next generation of flexible spoken language input and output devices . the approach has been fully implemented for the vocabulary of german and subjected to quantitative evaluation . hardbound , isbn 0-7923 - 4883 - 4 , december 1997 contents - - - - - - - preface . 1 . introduction . 2 . phonology and computation . 3 . finite state techniques in computational phonology . 4 . the event concept in time map phonology . 5 . phonotactic descriptions and their representation . 6 . excursus : constraint - based segmental phonological parsing . 7 . constraint - based phonological parsing : an event - based approach . 8 . silpa . 9 . evaluation . 10 . conclusion . appendix a : sampa phonetic alphabet for german . appendix b : the chomsky hierarchy . appendix c : event - based phonotactic network for german . bibliography . index . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - previous volumes volume 1 : recent advances in parsing technology harry bunt , masaru tomita hardbound , isbn 0-7923 - 4152 - x , 1996 volume 2 : corpus - based methods in language and speech processing steve young , gerrit bloothooft hardbound , isbn 0-7923 - 4463 - 4 , 1997 volume 3 : an introduction to text-to - speech synthesis thierry dutoit hardbound , isbn 0-7923 - 4498 - 7 volume 4 : exploring textual data ludovic lebart , andre salem and lisette berry hardbound , isbn 0-7923 - 4840 - 0 , december 1997 check the series web page for order information : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / kapis / cgi-bin / world / series . htm ? tltb - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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1948,"Subject: chamito - semitic conference
 
 announcing the 1999 conference on the morpho - syntax of chamito - semitic languages to be held at the university of fez , morocco , march 15-17 , 1999 . deadline for receipt of abstracts : november 30 , 1998 all submissions must comprise : i ) three copies of the abstract and ii ) one card with full name , affiliation , title of the paper , address , fax number and e-mail . the paper abstracts must be at most 2 - pages long ( including examples and references ) . papers will be presented in english , french and arabic . authors whose abstracts are accepted will be notified in mid - january 1999 . the abstract may be sent by surface mail , fax or e-mail to : professor moha ennaji for the generative grammar reseach group ( gergg ) sidi moahmed ben abdellah university faculty of letters , department of english bp 50 fs 30 000 morocco tel : + 212 5 61 09 10 fax : + 212 5 64 08 44 e - mail : ennaji < estry @ fesnet . net . ma > there will be 18 talks in all , each 40 minutes long with an additional 15 minutes for discussion . the university can pay for board and lodging during the conference , but cannot afford to pay for transportation . participants are requested to make their travel arrangements early . as a follow up to this conference , a three-day spring institute will be organized on march 18-20 , 1999 for the benefit of graduate students and researchers . this mini-institute will feature lectures and seminars on minimalist theory and the morphology and syntax of chamito-semitic languages . invited leading scholars in the field will teach a few courses . conference topics and aims the major suggested topics to be discussed during the conference are : - morphology : inflection and derivation paradigms - word order variation - syntactic variation - syntax and semantics - diachronic studies - comparative studies - chamito-semitic languages and universal grammar - minimalist approaches to chamito-semitic languages - the acquisition of morphosyntax chamito - semitic languages have generally been associated with descriptive and diachronic linguistics . they have been described and analyzed at the phonological , morphosyntactic and semantic levels by functional , structural and generative schools of linguistics . today most chamito - semitic studies are inspired by the generative trend . however , in the light of the new developments in the minimalist theory , chamito - semitic languages have been overlooked . the aim of this conference is to discuss new researches in the syntax of chamito - semitic languages within the framework of the latest approaches in generative syntax . the ultimate goal is to establish the parameters of these languages and bring changes and improvements to the minimalist theory on the basis of empirical data . new data and comparative studies are encouraged in order to strengthen or disconfirm the principles of minimalism and ug . this conference will focus on similarities and differences between the various chamito - semitic languages , using the minimalist theoretical framework and empirical knowledge . comparisons between dialects and languages that are genetically related will be made to check parametrization in ug , on the one hand , and to analyze the syntax of these languages on formal grounds . the major aim of this conference , then , is to shed light on the progress made in chamito - semitic morphology and syntax , as well as focus on the data and theoretical perspectives . contributions from related subjects like semantics , language variation and language acquisition will be welcome . hypotheses and predictions will be postulated and tested according to different principles and parameters determined by ug . for further contacts , please e-mail : ennaji < estry @ fesnet . net . ma >
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1949,"Subject: journees de rochebrune 99
 
 2nd and last call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - journes de rochebrune 1999 : rencontres interdisciplinaires sur les systemes complexes naturels et artificiels du 31 janvier 1999 au 6 fevrier 1999 . appel a communications theme des journes 1999 toutes indications disponibles : http : / / www . idiap . ch / ~ glotin / rb99 . html conflits des interpretations et interpretation des conflits le robert definit l ' interpretation comme l ' activite de donner une signification que ce soit aux signes en general ou aux phnomenes . la connaissance que nous avons de cette activite est relativement peu structure au contraire de l ' activite de modelisation qui est specifique quoique dominante dans la science occidentale contemporaine . l ' interpretation peut se comprendre a la fois comme un processus et comme son resultat . elle peut donc etre difficilement separe de sa dynamique d ' elaboration . c ' est pourquoi nous voulons explorer plus precisement le role des conflits et antagonismes dont heraclite disait qu ' ils sont les seuls moteurs d ' evolution . le conflit ne doit pas forcement etre compris dans le sens de la logique classique dans laquelle il est source d ' incoherence ; ni dans le sens etymologique de forces qui se heurtent ce qui rendrait le conflit source de destruction , mais au contraire comme dynamique creatrice une fois placee dans un mecanisme d ' equilibration , possiblement par interpretation du conflit lui-meme . nous souhaitons poser les questions ( non-exhaustives ) suivantes : * le vivant interprete-t - il son environnement et quel sens donner a cette assertion ? entre adn et organisation cellulaire , qu ' en est-il de l ' embryogenese comme hermeneutique du vivant ? * quelle diffrence y a-t - il entre l ' interpretation par le vivant , l ' homme et la machine ? quels modeles en avons-nous et sont-ils conflictuels ? que nous apprend l ' ordinateur comme machine universelle a traiter le signe ? * quel est le role des conflits et antagonismes dans la construction d ' interpretation ? pourquoi les eviter et comment les utiliser ? * comment une interpretation individuelle est-elle possible ou qu ' en est-il de l ' interpretation collective et du role de la multiplicite des points de vue , qu ' ils soient methodologiques , contextuels ou de niveaux , et donc des conflits qui peuvent en resulter ? qu ' en est-il de l ' interpretation comme resolution des conflits et donc moteur d ' evolution ? * si , comme dans la deuxieme definition du greimas ( voir notes ) , les signes sont toujours deja signifiants , comment peuvent-ils avoir ce statut ? qu ' est-ce qui les rend signifiants ? qu ' en est-il de la pensee symbolique des civilisations anciennes ou orientales et qui a ete cultivee chez nous jusqu ' au moyen - age ( g . durand ) ? comment cette forme d ' interpretation s ' articule-t - elle avec les signes decontextualises , jusqu ' a etre calculables et a la conception de l ' interpretation qui en decoule ? * de quels processus de legitimation des interpretations disposons-nous ? quelles relations l ' interpretation entretient-elle avec l ' action ou l ' argumentation que ce soit avant , par ou apres coup ? comment l ' interpretation s ' articule-t - elle a la controverse , la negociation , l ' ajustement ? * puisque la simulation joue un role de plus en plus grand dans l ' activite du modelisateur : comment s ' articulent la simulation et l ' interpretation ? ces questions sont au coeur de la plupart des sciences et plus particulirement la semiotique , l ' hermeneutique , les sciences cognitives et neurosciences , la philosophie , la psychologie , la linguistique et psycholinguistique , l ' intelligence artificielle , l ' anthropologie et la sociologie . elles sous-tendent galement l ' activit scientifique , tant dans la modelisation que dans l ' exprimentation . elles sont inseparables des activites des concepteurs - ingenieurs , informaticiens , architectes . . . - dont les productions proviennent de la resolution de conflits d ' interpretations du monde , et sont soumises des conflits d ' interpretation . notes : selon "" semiotique - dictionnaire raisonne de la theorie du langage "" de greimas et courts , on distingue au moins deux acceptions de l ' interpretation , l ' interpretation comme attribution de significations des signes qui en sont depourvus et l ' interpretation comme paraphrase ( au sens large ) de signes deja remplis de significations . cette deuxieme acception fait echo au "" dictionnaire de la psychanalyse "" de laplanche et pontalies qui definit l ' interpretation comme degagement , par l ' investigation analytique , de sens latent dans le dire et les conduites d ' un sujet ; faisant donc reference a la fois au sens deja la et , en plus , sa modalite d ' obtention . soumission des contributions les propositions de communication , de 4 12 pages , devront parvenir en trois exemplaires ou sous forme electronique ( word attache vivement souhaite ) a l ' adresse suivante : christophe parisse , inserm , laboratoire de neuropsychologie de l ' enfant , batiment pharmacie 3eme etage , hopital de la salpetriere , 47 bd de l ' hopital , 75651 paris cedex 13 , france e - mail : parisse @ ext . jussieu . fr dates importantes reception des manuscrits : 31 septembre 1998 notification d ' acceptation : 9 novembre 1998 remise des versions finales : 10 decembre 1998
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1950,"Subject: new book : bolognesi : the phonology of campidanian sardinian
 
 roberto bolognesi , the phonology of campidanian sardinian . a unitary account of a self-organizing structure . the phonology of campidanian sardinian presents a comprehensive description and theoretical account of the phonological system of southern sardinian . in addition to a description of the rich variety of phonological facts of the language , a unitary framework is developed which is based on three existing theories : the dependency - based ap - proach to segmental structure , metrical prosody and optimality theory . major revisions and extensions of the three theories are proposed which lead to a unitary account of an entire phonological system , from the segmental level to the level of higher prosodic constituents . contents : 1 . sociolinguistic introduction 2 . the data 3 . theoretical introduction 4 . a theory of segmental structure 5 . segmental phenomena 6 . a general theory of prosodic structure . 7 . a rhythmic theory of the syllable 8 . syllabification phenomena 9 . language specific contraints 10 . conclusions 1998 . 514 pp . isbn 90 5569 043 0 . paperback . [ hil dissertations 38 . university of amsterdam . ] price for individuals ordering directly from hag : nlg 40 ( excl . p&p and vat ) . holland academic graphics , the hague < http : / / www . hag . nl > rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
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1951,"Subject: new book : van de vijver : the iambic issue .
 
 ruben van de vijver , the iambic issue . iambs as a result of constraint interaction in iambic languages stress on both the first and on the last syllable is avoided ; iambs are not assigned from right to left ; the prototypical iambic foot does not play a role in prosodic morphology . building on optimality theory , van de vijver argues that iambic feet are the result of constraint interaction rather than being building blocks of metrical theory . van de vijver presents detailed analyses of the stress patterns of several carib and yupik languages and shows that the rightheaded feet found on the surface in these languages are the result of the interaction between a constraint which favors leftheaded feet and a constraint which bars both the initial and the final syllable from being stressed . he argues further that iambs can only arise at the left edge of the word and analyzes the stress patterns of several lan - guages which are claimed to have iambs arising at the right edge of the word . one of the conclusions is that the prototypical iamb is never used as a building block in prosodic morphology . contents : 1 . introduction 2 . stress in cariban languages 3 . yupik prosody 4 . only the trochee : stress from right to left 5 . feet in prosodic morphology 6 . summary and conclusions 1998 . 271pp . isbn 90-5569 - 040 - 6 . paperback . [ hil dissertations 37 . vrije universiteit amsterdam . ] price for individuals ordering directly from hag : nlg 40 ( excl . p&p and vat ) . holland academic graphics , the hague < http : / / www . hag . nl > rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
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1952,"Subject: toc : anthropological linguistics , vol . 40 , no . 2
 
 * * anthropological linguistics , volume 40 , number 2 ( summer 1998 ) * * contents symposium on irrealis irrealis in pilaga and toba ? syntactic versus pragmatic coding , alejandra vidal and harriet e . manelis klein irrealis constructions in mocho ( mayan ) , laura martin irrealis and perfect in itzaj maya , charles andrew hofling lake miwok irrealis , catherine a . callaghan is irrealis a grammatical category in upper chehalis ? , m . dale kinkade irrealis as category , meaning , or reference , edward h . bendix "" irrealis "" as a grammatical category , joan l . bybee _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ automatic componential analysis of kinship semantics with a proposed structural solution to the problem of multiple models , vladimir pericliev and raul e . valdes-perez review essay semitic and indo - european : the principal etymologies , with observations on afro - asiatic ( saul levin ) , carleton t . hodge discussion and debate rejoinder , j . marshall unger book reviews the tongue is fire : south african storytellers and apartheid ( harold scheub ) , robert k . herbert korle meets the sea : a sociolinguistic history of accra ( m . e . kropp dakubu ) , adams bodomo a language of our own : the genesis of michif , the mixed cree - french language of the canadian metis ( peter bakker ) , patrick douaud contactos y transferencias linguisticas en hispanoamerica ( signo y sena : revista del instituto de linguistica 6 ) , yolanda lastra language contact in japan : a socio - linguistic history ( leo j . loveday ) , j . marshall unger aryans and british india ( thomas r . trautmann ) , garland cannon negotiating identity : rhetoric , metaphor , and social drama in northern ireland ( anthony d . buckley and mary catherine kenney ) , steve coleman conceptual structure , discourse , and language ( adele e . goldberg ) , william a . foley speech acts and conversational interaction : toward a theory of conversational competence ( michael l . geis ) , jef verschueren historical syntax in cross - linguistic perspective ( alice c . harris and lyle campbell ) , h . paul manning * * * * * * * annual subscription rates ( for 4 issues ) : $ 30 for u . s . individuals ; $ 38 for non - u . s . individuals ; $ 65 for u . s . institutions ; $ 75 for non - u . s . institutions . payment should be in u . s . funds by check or postal money order made payable to anthropological linguistics . visa and mastercard are also accepted . subscriptions and inquires should be sent to : anthropological linguistics , student building 130 ( c ) , indiana university , bloomington , in 47405 usa ; fax : ( 812 ) 855-7529 ; e-mail : < anthling @ indiana . edu > . for abstracts and more information , visit our website at : < http : / / www . indiana . edu / ~ anthling >
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1953,"Subject: calls : weisgerber colloquium
 
 call for papers special conference on johann leo weisgerber ( 1899-1985 ) an international colloquium on the well-known german linguist johann leo weisgerber ( 1899-1985 ) will be held at the university of muenster ( germany ) from march 12 to march 13 , 1999 . the colloquium is organized by the german based international association for the history of linguistics , the "" studienkreis ' geschichte der sprachwissenschaft ' ( sgds ) "" , and will take place in the centre of muenster at the so-called ' alexander - von - humboldt - haus ' . papers dealing with weisgerber 's theory and philosophy of language , weisgerber 's place in the history of linguistics , the weisgerber reception in germany , europe or at overseas , and weisgerber 's political position will be welcomed . conference languages are english , french , and german . for further information contact : studienkreis ' geschichte der sprachwissenschaft ' c / o klaus d . dutz postfach 5725 , d-48031 muenster , germany e - mail : dutz . nodus @ t-online . de peter schmitter hankuk university of foreign studies , seoul schmitpe @ maincc . hufs . ac . kr
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1954,"Subject: call : glow phonology workshop
 
 the glow phonology workshop phonetics in phonology april 1 , 1999 invited speakers : edward flemming , donca steriade organizers : carlos gussenhoven , ren kager university of postdam the workshop is broadly concerned with the relevance of articulatory and perceptual facts for phonological theory . more specifically , it intends to focus on such questions as the extent to which functional factors determine phonological grammars , the status of the distinction between phonological representation and phonetic implementation , the issue of multiple ( articulation-based as well as perception-based ) phonological representations , and the universality and ` groundedness ' of phonological constraints . the workshop will consist of approximately 7 talks of 45 minutes each , followed by 15 minutes of discussion . abstracts may not exceed one page with at least a 1 inch margin on all four sides and should employ a font no smaller than 12 pt . they should be sent anonymously in threefold , accompanied by a camera-ready original with the author 's name , address and affiliation , to glow phonology workshop c / o . ren kager utrecht institute of linguistics / ots trans 10 3512 jk utrecht netherlands deadline for submission of abstracts : december 1 , 1998 submission by fax or e-mail will not be accepted . further information can be found on http : / / www . ling . uni-potsdam . de / ik / glow . html for questions contact ren kager or carlos gussenhoven e-mail : kager @ let . uu . nl , gussenhoven @ engindy1 . let . kun . nl phone : + 31-30 - 2538064 fax : + 31-30 - 2536000 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ren kager utrecht institute of linguistics / ots trans 10 3512 jk utrecht the netherlands phone : + 31-30 - 2538064 fax : + 31-30 - 2536000
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1955,"Subject: new book : language acquisition
 
 literacy development in a multilingual context cross - cultural perspectives edited by aydin durgunoglu , university of minnesota , duluth ludo verhoeven , university of nijmegen , the netherlands this volume explores the use of literacy outside the mainstream in different contexts throughout the world . it is divided into four parts . the first section presents an anthropological perspective - - analyzing the society and the individual in a society . the second presents a psychological perspective - - focusing on the individuals themselves and analyzing the cognitive and affective development of young children as they acquire literacy in their first and second languages . the third presents an educational perspective - - highlighting the variations in educational approaches in different societies as well as the outcomes of these approaches . the final section summarizes the studies presented in this volume . both theoretical issues and educational implications related to the development of literacy in two languages are discussed . an attempt is also made to open up new directions in the study of literacy development in multilingual contexts by bringing these various disciplinary perspectives together . 0-8058 - 2442 - 1 [ cloth ] / 1998 / 328pp . / $ 75 . 00 0-8058 - 2443 - x [ paper ] / 1998 / 328pp . / $ 36 . 00 lawrence erlbaum associates , inc . orders @ erlbaum . com
",0
1956,"Subject: tai studies i
 
 the first international conference on tai studies july 29-31 , 1998 institute of language and culture for rural development mahidol university at salaya , thailand first announcement rationale the institute of language and culture for rural development , mahidol university is pleased to announce the first international conference on tai studies , to be held july 29-31 , 1998 in bangkok . the main objective of this conference is to provide an international forum for scholars from different countries to present and discuss various aspects of tai studies . the conference will feature papers on any of the tai and outliner groups residing outside thailand , namely , lao , black tai , lue , white tai , shan , ahom , dai , tay , tho , nung , zhuang , bouyei , ong - be , saek , kam ( dong ) , sui ( shui ) , maonan , mulam ( mulao ) , mak , then , ai - cham , lati , laqua , hlai , and gelao . topics will include : ( 1 ) languages and linguistics ; ( 2 ) folk wisdom and literature ; ( 3 ) belief , ritual , and religions ; ( 4 ) history ; ( 5 ) politics ; ( 6 ) economics and environment ; ( 7 ) ethno-cultural contact and exchange ; ( 8 ) architecture , arts , music , and handicrafts ; ( 9 ) archaeology ; and ( 10 ) others . program keynote speeches , plenary sessions , paper presentations , slides , posters , exhibition language the language to be used in the conference will be english . registration fees the registration fee includes conference documents , lunch , refreshments . students non - students overseas local overseas local before and on june 1 , 98 us $ 100 1 , 500 baht us $ 120 2 , 500 baht after june 1 , 1998 us $ 120 2 , 000 baht us $ 150 3 , 000 baht payment by international draft ( cheque ) in us dollar only . please make check payable to "" mahidol university . "" venue royal river hotel , bangkok , thailand abstract and paper abstracts are invited for the conference . by may 1 , 1998 , please submit two copies of a one-page abstract . abstract must be typed , camera ready , and contain the following information : titile of abstract , author 's name , affiliation , content . papers to be distributed at the conference must be submitted before june 1 , 1998 . papers to be presented at tai studies i will be published in the tai studies i proceedings and will be available for a purchase after the conference . to ensure inclusion in the volume , submit a camera-ready copy of paper by november 1 , 1998 . presentation will be 20 minutes in length , with 10 minutes for questions . accomodation and travel information the information on accommodations and travel will be announced later . conference registration a conference registration form is available at : http : / / www . mahidol . ac . th / mahidol / lc / index . html corresponding address : chair of secretariat tai studies i institute of language and culture for rural development mahidol university , salaya nakornpathom 73170 , thailand tel : ( 662 ) 441-9327 , 441-9343 , 441-9514 ; fax ( 662 ) 441-0209 email : lcssm @ mahidol . ac . th web page : http : / / www . mahidol . ac . th / mahidol / lc / index . html - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - have you visited our institute 's homepage yet ? = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = http : / / www . mahidol . ac . th / mahidol / lc / index . html
",0
1957,"Subject: new book : cognitive linguistics
 
 the new psychology of language cognitive and functional approaches to language structure edited by michael tomasello , emory university the history of psychological approaches to the study of language has included periods of little communication between the disciplines of linguistics and psychology , and periods where each field drew upon the theories and methods of the other in limited - - and often limiting - - ways . this book represents a new approach that may define the next era in the relationship between psychology and linguistics . it does so by presenting the evolving linguistic theories collectively known as cognitive - functional linguistics in terms that are intended to be accessible to cognitive scientists interested in how language works psychologically . in contrast to the chomskian linguistic theories with which most psychologists today are familiar , the cognitive-functional approach of these linguists focuses on the things people communicate about ( communicative functions ) and the social conventions by means of which they do so ( linguistic symbols and structures ) . the chapters in this book were all written by linguists who are leading proponents of this approach and edited by a psychologist committed to bringing this new way of looking at language into the mainstream of psychology . the volume promises to give psychologists a new appreciation of what this variety of linguistics can offer their study of language and communication , as well as to provide cognitive-functional linguists new models for presenting their work to audiences outside the boundaries of traditional linguistics . 0-8058 - 2576 - 2 [ cloth ] / 1998 / 312pp . / $ 65 . 00 0-8058 - 2577 - 0 [ paper ] / 1998 / 312pp . / $ 29 . 95 lawrence erlbaum associates , inc . orders @ erlbaum . com
",0
1958,"Subject: new book : language processes
 
 social and cognitive approaches to interpersonal communication edited by susan r . fussell , carnegie mellon university roger j . kreuz , university of memphis historically , the social aspects of language use have been considered the domain of social psychology , while the underlying psycholinguistic mechanisms have been the purview of cognitive psychology . recently , however , it has become increasingly clear that these two dimensions are highly interrelated : cognitive mechanisms underlying speech production and comprehension interact with social psychological factors , such as beliefs about one 's interlocutors and politeness norms , and with the dynamics of the conversation itself , to produce shared meaning . this realization has led to an exciting body of research integrating the social and cognitive dimensions which has greatly increased our understanding of human language use . this volume contains a collection of papers by noted social and cognitive psychologists illustrating this theme . each chapter demonstrates how the theoretical approaches and research methods of social and cognitive psychology can be successfully interwoven to provide insight into one or more fundamental questions about the process of interpersonal communication . the topics under investigation include the nature and role of speaker intentions in the communicative process , the production and comprehension of indirect speech and figurative language , perspective-taking and conversational collaboration , and the relationships between language , cognition , culture , and social interaction . the book will be of interest to all those who study interpersonal language use : social and cognitive psychologists , theoretical and applied linguists , and communication researchers . 0-8058 - 2269 - 0 [ cloth ] / 1998 / 312pp . / $ 59 . 95 0-8058 - 2270 - 4 [ paper ] / 1998 / 312pp . / $ 32 . 50 lawrence erlbaum associates , inc . orders @ erlbaum . com
",0
1959,"Subject: _ rightward movement _ review - - i
 
 [ editor 's note : this is part one of a two part review . the second part appears in the next issue of linguist ] beerman , dorothee , david leblanc , & henk van riemsdijk , eds . ( 1997 ) rightward movement ( linguistik aktuell 17 ) amsterdam : benjamins . 406 pp . this is a proceedings volume collecting together papers presented in oct . 1995 at the tilburg conference on rightward movement . the editors mention two or three papers that were presented at the conference but were not including in this proceedings volume . i say ` two or three ' because , although they mention three authors ( kayne , koike , and truckenbrodt ) , koike actually has a paper in this volume ; i do not know why his name is included in the list of authors whose papers were not included . at the back of the book , a complete list of addresses ( snail - and e-mail ) of the contributors is included . the editors ' preface ( with van riemsdijk named as principal author ) provides a very nice summary of the relevant issues and their background in the literature . special note is taken of repercussions of recent work in minimalist program ( e . g . , kayne 1994 ) for the whole notion of ` rightward movement ' ( hereafter rm ) . this reviewer would note in particular that , although it is commonly supposed that , as stated in the preface , ` in a minimalist approach , movement is exclusively triggered by checking . . . . given this new line of thinking , rightward movement simply cannot be triggered , hence it cannot exist ' , some of the contributors - - e . g . , alphonce & davis , buring & hartmann - - demonstrate that it is in fact possible to develop hypotheses within the minimalist framework that would enable triggering of such movement . of the 14 papers in the collection , it is hardly surprising that 7 deal with ` extraposition ' ( defined in various ways ) , and four of those are concerned primarily with one aspect or other of extraposition in german . i will discuss these extraposition papers as a group before considering the others . josef bayer 's paper ` cp - extraposition as argument shift ' ( pp . 37-58 ) begins with a very nice , neat summary of problems with classical extraposition account ( via rm ) for postverbal cps in v - final languages ( focussing particularly on bengali , hindi , and german ) , noting that these problems disappear under a kayne - type analysis . however , he goes on to note definite empirical problems with a kayne - type analysis . he then proposes an analysis according to which a complement is right-adjoined to the maximal projection of its governing head ( in this case vp ) , leaving behind a trace as sole sister of that head ( v ) . if that trace is then deleted and the tree is pruned , the v ends up with a complement to its right which it can theta-mark . alternatively , bayer suggests , at least some ` extraposed ' cps may be base-generated to the right , co-indexed with a ( dummy / deletable ) pronominal , by inheritance from which they are licensed . bayer notes that this would help account for the fact that in some ov languages ( e . g . , bengali ) , certain classes of cps are * always * ` extraposed ' . if we assume that directionality is relevant to selection , then the resulting vp constitutes a barrier to a cp on the ` non-canonical ' side of the head , which would account for the scope effects bayer notes earlier as being problematic for both the traditional account and the kayne - type account . in ` rightward scrambling ' ( pp . 186-214 ) , anoop mahajan argues on the basis of various relations sensitive to c-command that postverbal nominal arguments in hindi are merely constituents left behind while everything else has moved leftwards . this analysis supersedes the rm analysis he proposed in an unpublished paper ten years ago and is deliberately consistent with an analysis based on kayne 's linear correspondence axiom ( hereafter lca ) . this reviewer notes that many of mahajan 's arguments necessarily presuppose certain possibly dubious tacit assumptions , e . g . , that rm must necessarily involve adjunction specifically to ip ( contrary to the approach proposed in , e . g . , muller 's , wiltschko 's , and rochemont & culicover 's papers ) . for instance , the string in mahajan 's ( 33 ) , which he marks ( ? ? ? ) could be generated - - and its unacceptability accounted for - - by right-adjunction of the direct object to vp rather than ip . nowhere does mahajan actually address what in this reviewer 's opinion is the most basic issue with questions like this : is there or is there not any evidence of a * gap * corresponding to the postverbal material ? michael s . rochemont & peter w . culicover in ` deriving dependent right adjuncts in english ' ( pp . 279-300 ) discuss various constructions in english , all of which might be included under a rather broadly-defined concept of ` extraposition ' . distinguishing between the extraposition of relative clauses on the one hand and heavy - np shift and presentational - there insertion on the other , they argue that relative - clause extraposition is best treated as ( 1 ) base - generated and ( 2 ) right-adjunction to the governing category ( vp , ip , or cp ) of the antecedent to the extraposed rc . they make an effort to conjure up plausible analyses of rc - extraposition involving kayne - style leftward-movement but note that none of the possibilities they consider are quite satisfactory . even the ` best ' option , involving movement of both the rc and its antecedent to distinct spec positions , fails to provide any motivation for either the posited movement or the highly ramified structure such an analysis requires . expanding on earlier work of their own ( rochemont & culicover 1990 ) , rochemont & culicover argue that heavy - np shift and presentational - there insertion are best treated as instances of movement to a right - adjoined a ' - position . they demonstrate that , quite apart from the problems discussed in rochemont & culicover 1990 , any attempt to analyze such constructions by means of exclusively leftward movement involves the extremely unattractive movement of what is not , in fact , by any stretch of the imagination a recognizable constituent . in the end , they acknowledge that there are some empirical problems shared by both the rightward-movement account they apparently prefer and the ` movement to high specifier ' account that would be more consistent with a kayne - type approach , but that the latter raises some provoking theoretical problems that are absent from their rightward-movement account . they conclude by saying that ` the question whether rightward movement exists or not . . . is not an empirical one . ' daniel buring & katharina hartmann 's paper ` the kayne mutiny ' ( pp . 59-80 ) presents an excellent argument for the empirical bankruptcy of the kayne antisymmetry hypothesis . making crucial use of reconstruction at lf and of binding - theoretic statements referring to ( undeleted ) traces , b&h 's argument is built upon the prediction that , if extraposition is a consequence of rm , it ought to be possible for a proper binding relation * not * to exist between an np and a cp later in the sentence - - if the np happens to be in a hierarchically lower position , from which neither it nor any of its daughters is able to c-command the cp ( such a lack of binding relation is a priori impossible in a kayne analysis , according to which any np to the left of a cp must ipso facto c-command it ) . they then demonstrate that such binding failures are in fact attested , and are indeed not all that difficult to come up with in a language like german . ( at the end of section 2 , they acknowledge some confusing results with regard to coreference options , concluding that these ` require further investigation ' . ) they further demonstrate ( section 3 ) that the kayne analysis actually does serious violence to many standard assumptions about movement , including ( similarly to rochemont & culicover ) issues of what qualifies as a ( movable ) constituent and under what circumstances a constituent may be ` stranded ' . ( it 's from this surreptitiously iconoclastic character of kayne 's hypothesis that they get their clever title . ) and they demonstrate that verb - topicalization ought to be impossible in a kayne analysis , although of course it 's quite common in german . in order to account for the complications with regard to island - constraint violations , etc . that have presented problems for earlier versions of a rm - analysis of extraposition in german and similar languages , b&h propose ( p . 72 ) a generalization according to which finite clauses may never be governed by either v or i . this provides an actual motivation for cp - extraposition , since presumably in its ds position a complement clause is governed by the matrix verb , and in order to escape that government must be right-adjoined to some higher phrasal node , presumably ip . this is in direct conflict with bayer 's analysis , according to which the extraposed cp ends up being governed by the matrix verb as a result of the deletion of its own trace and tree-pruning ; which analysis is to be preferred ought to be an empirical problem . hubert haider 's paper ` extraposition ' ( 115-152 ) argues on the basis of the extraposition of comparatives and the c-command relations essential thereto in english and german ( mostly german ) that extraposed constituents remain embedded in their ds mothers . haider further argues that extraposed relative and argument clauses must also be vp - internal , since although they are n't subject to the same c-command relations themselves , they always come * before * extraposed comparatives which are . broadening his scope in section 2 to other examples of german extraposition , haider demonstrates that they can't result from movement and must therefore be base-generated . but , on the basis of scope , c-command , and absence of island-effects , he also argues against an analysis in terms of base-generated adjunction . haider agrees with kayne in assuming exclusive leftward movement ; however , he allows for either head-initial or head-final base structures , and invokes head movement while kayne invokes phrasal movement . haider presents several predictions that kayne 's lca theory would have for a language such as german , which he then demonstrates are all falsified by the actual data : ( 1 ) phrases to the left of the verb should be in spec - positions , and should therefore be islands ( 2 ) vp - adverbials and predicates should end up in postverbal position , since there 's nothing to trigger their movement ( 3 ) vp - topicalization ought to involve the movement of a functional projection containing a trace of the finite verb . in ` extraposition as remnant movement ' ( p . 215-246 ) , gereon muller offers a very neat analysis of extraposition in german as right - adjunction to a variety of phrasal nodes , including cp as well as vp or ip , thereby accounting for various otherwise problematic details with regard to island effects in both leftward - and rightward-moved constituents . the paper includes a very interesting and useful comparative discussion of the adequacy of a variety of different proposed constraints for excluding unacceptable strings while allowing acceptable ones . martina wiltschko 's paper , ` extraposition , identification and precedence ' ( pp . 358-396 ) , a summary of her 1995 wien dissertation , discusses extraposition in german , focussing on the relation of * identification * between the ` identifyee ' , the ( pro ) nominal element ( np or dp ) in the canonical position within the clause and the ` identifier ' , the extraposed constituent . both identifyee and identifier provide linguistically necessary information : the identifyee occupies a canonical ( theta - ) position , therefore satisfying syntactic requirements , while the identifier provides necessary semantic content to licence the identifyee 's definiteness . given that the identifyee * introduces * a discourse referent , it must ( on the basis of heim 's ( 1980 ) novelty condition ) precede the identifier . wiltschko also argues for a locality constraint on identification , according to which the identifier must c-command the identifyee , without any intervening xp ; thus , the identifier must be right-adjoined to the minimal maximal projection dominating the identifyee . in wiltschko 's view , these two constraints together account for the fact that identifiers are always extraposed . she acknowledges that this analysis apply only to * restrictive relative clauses * , not to other types of modifiers . attractive as the paper is in many ways , it suffers somewhat from the necessary exclusion of many supporting arguments , for which the interested reader is referred to the full-length dissertation . two of the papers are concerned primarily with parsing theory and the development of adequate parsing technology . both of these papers , coming from different points of view , argue for a data-driven , bottom-up parsing strategy as against a hypothesis-driven top-down strategy . in ` on movement and one - pass no backtrack parsing ' ( pp . 301-330 ) , chris sijtsma recognizes that ` natural ' ( i . e . , single-pass , no backtracking , faithful to derivation ) bottom-up parsers are less restrictive than natural top-down parsers , which of course from the point of view of strict generative theory is a point against them , but assumes that there is enough variation among actual languages that a bottom-up parsing strategy is to be preferred . this reviewer finds such a conclusion attractive , but worries that sijtsma has provided so little in the way of empirical demonstration to back it up ; indeed , for such a mathematically-oriented paper ( at least relative to this reviewer 's experience ) , there is extremely little in the way of solid argument presented ; most of the time , sijtsma merely asserts that the proof of any given theorem is either self-evident or readily derivable ; in a few cases , he refers to demonstrations elsewhere in the literature . another issue both of these papers consider very seriously , without , however , either of them coming up with a very satisfactory solution , is the proper size of the look - ahead window for an adequate parser . sijtsma asserts ( pp . 305 - 6 ) that any grammar with a look-ahead window greater than 1 is functionally equivalent to a grammar that looks ahead just one symbol , but then goes on to say , ` in practice we still need . . . parsers that look ahead more than one symbol . ' in subsequent discussion it becomes clear that he is unclear just how large a look - ahead window is empirically adequate . likewise , alphonce & davis , while currently working with a look-ahead window of ` at most two chunks ' ( p . 25 ) , are clearly dissatisfied with this characterization . it is clear that this issue needs more thought , if not further research , devoted to it . a fundamental claim of the paper by carl alphonce & henry davis , ` motivating non - directional movement ' ( pp . 7-36 ) , is that linear precedence constraints , indeed lp phenomena of any kind , have no relevance for syntax at all ; essentially , they claim that , from the point of view of all syntactic levels including lf , constituents are organized hierarchically in terms of dominance relations but not linearly in terms of precedence relations . in alphonce & davis ' view , all precedence relations are imposed at pf , making them essentially matters of performance rather than competence . in the opinion of this reviewer , this is a very interesting and possibly attractive idea . unfortunately , contrary to the promise contained in the abstract , this claim is not so much argued for as assumed within the paper . nor is it made clear - - to this reviewer , anyway - - that it is explicitly argued for anywhere else , unlike the skipped arguments behind wiltschko 's paper and the citations given in sijtsma 's paper . alphonce & davis merely demonstrate that it is possible to develop an analytic approach - - more precisely , a parsing program - - that has no need for any kind of explicit syntactic constraints , at any level ( whether ug or language-particular ) , making reference to linear order . at the end of their abstract , alphonce & davis claim that they are motivated by a conviction that ` it is a priori desirable to eliminate as much redundancy as possible between different components of the system . . . . if some phenomena has [ sic ] an independent processing explanation we hold that syntactic theory should not have to offer any explanation for it . ' this approach is all very well in a purely formal mathematical system , but it is fairly common knowledge that redundancy is in fact a sine qua non of biological systems ( cf . e . g . gould 1993 ) and of natural-linguistic systems as well ( cf . e . g . hock 1986 , ch . 9 & 12 ; this fact is also acknowledged by chris sijtsma in his paper , p . 314 ) . the mere fact that one can develop a parsing program that has no need to appeal to syntactic lp constraints , therefore , in no way demonstrates that such constraints have no place in human natural-language competence . much of sijtsma 's paper is devoted to developing points ( regarding , e . g . , the proper type ( s ) and subcategorization frame ( s ) of pps ) that are clearly relevant to his primary concern , which is developing an adequate automated parsing grammar , but are tangential to the focus of the collection . in arguing , contrary to kayne , that ug does not stipulate one universal tree-structure for all languages , sijtsma gets a fair amount of mileage out of replacing the assumption that node-labels are atomic with the assumption that they are merely shorthand for feature-bundles . though he does n't mention this , this replacement has actually been implicit in x - bar theory ever since the early 70 's . with regard to directionality of movement , sijtsma argues that rightward movement must be allowed by ug , with this caveat : in deriving ss from ds , leftward movement is unrestricted but rightward movement of modifiers ( which do n't leave obvious gaps ) should not exceed the look-ahead buffer ; on the other hand , in deriving lf from ss rightward movement is unrestricted but leftward [ editor 's note : this review is continued in the next issue of linguist ] - steven schaufele , ph . d . , asst . prof . of linguistics , english department soochow university , waishuanghsi campus , taipei 11102 , taiwan , roc ( 886 ) ( 02 ) 2881-9471 ext . 6504 fcosw5 @ mbm1 . scu . edu . tw http : / / www . prairienet . org / ~ fcosws / homepage . html * * * o syntagmata linguarum liberemini humanarum ! * * * * * * nihil vestris privari nisi obicibus potestis ! * * *
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1960,"Subject: _ rightward movement _ review - - ii
 
 [ editor 's note : the following is the second part of a review of beerman et al . _ righward movement _ . the first part is to be found in the previous issue of linguist . ] most of frank drijkoningen 's paper ` morphological strength : np positions in french ' ( pp . 81-114 ) is devoted to a clever account of the relative ordering of subjects and verbs , and parts thereof , in french , with especially focus on inversion constructions , demonstrating that the data can be described in a manner consistent with kayne 's antisymmetry theory - - provided one adopts a certain amount of occam - stretching multiplication of functional heads with resultant multiple spec - positions as ` homes ' for subjects . drijkoningen argues fairly convincingly for the following hierarchical ordering of functional heads in french : [ c [ t [ agr ( s ) [ agr ( o ) [ agr ( a ) [ vp ] ] ] ] ] ] , identifying participial agreement not with agr ( o ) but with agr ( a ) , the checking-site for predicate - adjective agreement . he also offers a hypothesis with regard to a trigger for french stylistic inversion ( in which the subject np follows the verbal complex ) . his assumption is that ( in both french and english ) spec - head agr features in infl are ` strong ' , while head - features in infl are ` strong ' in french but ` weak ' in english . however , overt saturation of spec - head agr features in cp ( e . g . , by fronting an overt wh-expression ) significantly reduces the strength of spec - head agr features in ip , obviating the need for the subject np to rise to spec - agr ( s ) for checking . the paper is characterized by heavy reliance on ` floating / stranded _ tous _ ' , i . e . , a quantifier separated superficially from the np it modifies . this reviewer found little or no evidence of any awareness of the possibility of q - movement independent of movement of the modified np ; many of the starred strings could actually be derived , assuming a kayne approach , if q were allowed to move on its own . there was no sign of any argument that such movement is impossible ; perhaps it can be ruled out by lack of motivation . this paper is a thick , but rather strong argument for underlying svo and exclusively leftward - movement in french . of course , few linguists would contest that french is svo , and what evidence there may be for rightward - movement in this language has always been a best peripheral ( pun intended ) . given the strong arguments for rm and head-finality in other languages presented by bayer and buring & hartmann , this paper seems like a lot of sound and fury . erik hoekstra 's paper , ` analysing linear asymmetries in the verb clusters of dutch and frisian and their dialects ' ( pp . 153-170 ) , presents an analysis in terms of kayne 's lca hypothesis of the syntax of the complex verb clusters so especially characteristic of these languages . in the course of his discussion , it gradually becomes clear that , on the basis of the ordering of elements within these clusters , he distinguishes between dutch and frisian as respectively ` head-initial ' and ` head-final ' . it is clear to this reviewer why these labels are appropriate specifically with regard to the internal syntax of verb clusters , but describing dutch as ` head-initial ' is likely to be a surprise to many people who thought they knew otherwise . in discussing the feasibility , or lack thereof , of inserting non - verbal material ( including particles ) between members of a verb cluster , hoekstra not only demonstrates that this follows very reasonably from the lca - account he is proposing but claims ( p . 158 ) that ` the rigidity of head-final clusters [ i . e . , their intolerance of such insertion ] . . . is a mystery for any approach not incorporating asymmetry . ' in fact , it makes perfect sense if we assume an underlying head-final order and the derivation of alternative orders by the rm of verbal projections . this reviewer is not necessarily suggesting that this is a * better * approach than hoekstra 's lca - account , but it is certainly quite feasible , contrary to his apparent belief . in the last section , hoekstra spends a fair amount of time on a very interesting discussion of the infinitivum - pro - participio ( ipp ) effect , whereby in some germanic languages ( e . g . , dutch ) a ( perfective ) participle taking an infinitive verb as its complement must itself surface in the form of an infinitive . the primary questions at issue for hoekstra are : what is the formal grammatical nature of the ipp effect ? and why is it characteristic only of some ( germanic ) languages and not of others ? hoekstra argues that the ipp effect only occurs in languages in which the perfective participle is marked by a prefix , e . g . the germanic prefix ` ge - ' or reflexes thereof , and that this prefix occupies the spec position of the verb to which it is morphologically attached . since under these circumstances that spec position is already occupied , it is impossible for the infinitive complement to move into that position as it must , the derivation crashes ; the loophole exploited by dutch and other ipp languages ( this is , in fact , the traditional analysis in germanic scholarship ) is the substitution of an ` alternative ' form of the participle which is morphophonologically identical to the infinitive ( and therefore , in hoekstra 's view , has no obstructionist prefix ) . the fact that frisian does not exhibit ipp effects , according to this analysis , is directly related to the fact that in frisian the perfective participle is marked only by a suffix . this reviewer admits to not being familiar with the scholarly literature on the subject of ipp , but notes some curiosity as to how hoekstra 's claim ( p . 159 ) that ` the ipp effect is systematically absent in head - final germanic dialects ' can be squared with the fact that german , which is clearly head-final in the sense that hoekstra uses the term , typically marks perfective participles with a prefix and , indeed , exhibits ipp . the last few pages of the paper are devoted to a very nice little discussion of the recent evolution of ipp in a couple of frisian dialects , which hoekstra argues is due in both cases to remarkably heavy contact with dutch . in this reviewer 's opinion , this section represents a very desirable conjunction of scholarship and concerns in sociolinguistics and linguistic evolution on the one hand and formal grammatical theory on the other . in his paper ` movement in japanese relative clauses ' ( pp . 171-185 ) , satoshi stanley koike argues that all relative clauses in japanese , including the ` externally-headed ' ones whose ` heads ' are ( apparently ) ` extracted ' to their right , can be accounted for in terms of a kayne lca - type analysis allowing only spec - head - comp base structures and leftward movement . noting certain problems resulting from adopting kayne 's analysis , koike makes clear that they are almost certainly obviated by his ( * very interesting * ) proposal of a * discourse-based * motivation for the leftward movement his adoption of kayne 's lca approach forces him to assume . koike 's hypothesis that the movement of ip in these japanese cases is essentially stylistic movement , i . e . , motivated by pragmatic or discourse considerations rather than purely syntactic ones , at least implies that it is pf - movement which would ( 1 ) account for the fact that , in order for his analysis to make the right predictions , * have * to follow the movement of the semantic ` head ' np - - the latter being a proper ` syntactic ' movement - ( 2 ) be invisible as far as binding theory is concerned , binding theory being relevant primarily at lf and totally irrelevant at pf , and ( 3 ) not be subject to relativized minimality either . in their paper ` rightward wh - movement in american sign language ' ( pp . 247-278 ) , carol neidle , judy kegl , benjamin bahan , debra aarons , & dawn maclaughlin argue that americal sign language ( asl ) exhibits a head-final cp with a right-marginal spec as landing-site for wh - movement . they note ( p . 267 ) that this proposal ` is partially consistent with kayne 's claims about universal ordering ' , in that it places spec and complement on opposite sides of the head ; however , their proposal differs from kayne 's universal antisymmetry approach in positing a head-final structure for cp while assuming head-initial structures for all its complement-daughters . neidle et al . base much of their anti - lca argument on the fact that certain syntactic features ( including polarity , + / - wh , etc . ) are in asl expressed by ` non-manual markers ' ( e . g . , facial expressions ) which frequently spread over certain portions of the clauses they are associated with , and the very plausible notion that those portions can be defined as the c-command domains of the functional heads associated with these features . thus , the possibility , or lack thereof , of such spreading in asl is taken as symptomatic of the presence or absence of c-command relations ( p . 250 ) . it is on the basis of such spreading that they argue that the landing-site for wh - movement in asl , which is clearly to the right of the clause , nevertheless c-commands the latter , and they demonstrate that these c-command facts are incompatible with a kayne - type analysis . they briefly entertain analyses more consistent with kayne 's lca - hypothesis , involving the raising of c and ip into higher positions ( which , they note , must nevertheless be below positions , e . g . the landing-site of topicalization , known to be above cp in asl ) , but point out that there is ( 1 ) no evidence as to the functional nature of such positions , ( 2 ) no independent motivation for their existence , and ( 3 ) no evident motivation for the movement they are discussing . in their paper ` language types and generative grammar : a review of some consequences of the univeral vo hypothesis ' ( pp . 331-357 ) , caterina donati & alessandra tomaselli address the repercussions of kayne 's antisymmetry hypothesis for constituent-order typological studies . they demonstrate very neatly and elegantly the manifold empirical problems kayne 's approach has with languages representing a variety of types , including ( 1 ) ov languages with v2 ( german , dutch ) , ( 2 ) svo languages without pro-drop ( english , french ) , ( 3 ) svo languages with pro-drop ( italian ) , and ( 4 ) vso languages ( irish ) . repeatedly , they demonstrate that more traditional analyses provide more accurate results than analyses assuming kayne 's antisymmetry hypothesis . it should be noted that donati & tomaselli are throughout addressing specifically the relative ordering of verbs and nominals in ordinary , garden-variety clauses ; the details of extraposed structures such as those discussed by bayer , buring & hartmann , and haider are not addressed in this paper . while as already noted half the papers in this collection , understandably , discuss ` extraposition ' , it is unfortunate that there are no papers focussing ( pun intended ) on adverbal focus-movement , a serious alternative candidate for a rm analysis ( for which cf . schaufele 1990 , 1998 ) . neidle et al . 's paper relates to focus in an indirect way , in that it is commonly assumed that wh-elements are a priori focussed and that therefore their s - structure location , especially if there is anything remarkable about it , should be considered as at least a possible landing-site for focus-movement . as a sort of appendix , koike offers a short discussion of rightward focus-movement in turkish , in which he suggests that the same kind of discourse-analysis motivation he proposes for the movement leftward of ` backgrounded ' relative clauses ( away from their semantic ` heads ' ) in japanese can also motivate the movement leftward of * non-focussed * arguments in turkish , leaving the focussed subject stranded in immediately pre-verbal position ( at least in terms of superficial order ) . this reviewer notes , however , that koike makes reference to a single turkish example , a very simple clause involving only three constituents , an object np , a subject np , and a verb , and doubts very much that such an account as he proposes would be able to make much sense out of the much more complex examples of subject-focussing discussed in schaufele 1990 , 1998 . i have complaints about muller 's and hoekstra 's papers at an expository level , in that both assumed on the part of the reader a high degree of familiarity with the languages being discussed . muller provides no english translations for any of his german example sentences , or for that matter of the one hindi example sentence . while this reviewer has little trouble reading and interpreting example sentences in these languages , such facility cannot be expected of most readers of this collection . likewise , hoekstra offered no translations of any of his example sentences , and in many cases this reviewer , who is not unfamiliar with a wide variety of germanic languages , was quite unable to make any sense out of them . furthermore , it is frequently not made clear which language the example in question is meant to represent ; since the paper as a whole depends crucially on distinctions between dutch and frisian , this is a source of serious obscurity . and only on p . 158 , the 6th page of a fairly short paper , does hoekstra finally tell us that the gloss ` mp ' stands for ` modal particle ' , after having used this abbreviation freely in several earlier examples . this abbreviation may be familiar to specialists in netherlandic , but it is n't to a lot of other interested readers . in koike 's paper the inclusion of japanese words in the midst of the english - language text without any typographical highlighting by either quotes or italics , especially in a book with many typographical errors , proved a little unsettling ; this was also a problem in muller 's paper , where it was particularly confusing in the one section that discussed extraposition in english . the book as a whole is plagued with typographical errors . there are two examples ( 59 ) in drijkoningen 's paper . haider 's ( 58a ) is starred , but is in fact an ok string , and it 's obvious from context that haider regards it as ok . in buring & hartmann 's paper , there are exs . ( 21a ) and ( 22a ) , but no ( 21b ) or ( 22b ) ; diagram ( 24 ) is nowhere referred to in the text ( though it 's pretty obvious what it refers to ) . [ bayer in press ] is referred to several times in bayer 's paper , but it does n't appear anywhere in the references ; perhaps it 's represented by bayer 1996 ? the statement of wiltschko 's locality constraint is misprinted on p . 360 in such a way as to be nonsensical . in koike 's paper the alignment of the glosses in ( 20a ) was impossible to make any sense out of , and i had to study ( 10 ) a while before i realized that , although it said literally ` [ dp ip d [ cp np / qp [ c [ ip . . . ' , those biliterals ` dp ' , ` cp ' , and ` ip ' were in some instances meant to be labels on the immediately preceding brackets , not left-daughters of the constituents enclosed within said brackets . mahajan 's paper is particularly plagued with typographical errors ; to mention merely the most egregious example i found , in ( 54 ) the entire direct object np is missing from the hindi string , rendering this example 's relevance to the discussion is completely opaque . as already noted here and there , many of the substantive flaws in this collection are due primarily or entirely to lack of space in which to present relevant arguments . fulfilling the preface 's promise of open-mindedness , the book brings together papers from several different viewpoints , both supporting and undermining kayne 's antisymmetry hypothesis . while many of the contributors obviously hold rather strongly to whatever side of this controversy they espouse , many of them are to be commended for the skill and seriousness they nevertheless give to the necessary task of considering possible alternative analyses that would support the other side . while many of the papers focus on languages , and constructions within those languages , that have already been much discussed in the generative literature , there are some admirable exceptions ; i would especially mention the papers by bayer , hoekstra , and neidle et al . in this regard , also the typological interest behind the paper by donati & tomaselli although they restrict themselves primarily to western european languages . anyone concerned about understanding the debates arising out of kayne 's antisymmetry hypothesis and the grounds both for taking it seriously and for rejecting it cannot afford to ignore this collection . references . bayer , josef . ( 1996 ) directionality and logical form : on the scope of focusing particles and wh - in - situ . dordrecht : kluwer . gould , stephen j . ( 1993 ) ` an earful of jaw ' , eight little piggies , pp . 95-108 . new york : norton . heim , i . ( 1980 ) the semantics of definite and indefinite noun phrases . university of massachusetts ph . d . dissertation . hock , hans henrich . ( 1986 ) principles of historical linguistics . berlin : mouton de gruyter . kayne , richard . ( 1994 ) the antisymmetry of syntax . cambridge , ma : mit press . rochemont , michael s . & peter w . culicover . ( 1990 ) english focus constructions and the theory of grammar . cambridge : cambridge university press . schaufele , steven . ( 1990 ) ` a "" focus "" position for subjects within the vedic vp ' south asian languages roundtable xii , university of california at berkeley , 10 june 1990 . _ _ _ _ _ _ . ( 1998 ) ` rightward ho ! the typology of structural focus and complement - head order ; a critical discussion of antisymmetry , rightward movement , and the syntax / pragmatics interface ' glow - hyderabad , 22 jan . 1998 . steven schaufele 's research interests during the past dozen years have included , most significantly , the typology of constituent-order freedom and the repercussions thereof for formal syntactic theory , as well as the critical comparison of various approaches to syntactic theory . he is currently teaching linguistics in the english department of soochow university in taipei , taiwan . - steven schaufele , ph . d . , asst . prof . of linguistics , english department soochow university , waishuanghsi campus , taipei 11102 , taiwan , roc ( 886 ) ( 02 ) 2881-9471 ext . 6504 fcosw5 @ mbm1 . scu . edu . tw http : / / www . prairienet . org / ~ fcosws / homepage . html
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1961,"Subject: lp ' 98
 
 the linguistics and phonetics ( lp ' 98 ) conference will be held from september 15-20 , 1998 . the conference has been organized by osamu fujimura of the department of speech and hearing science , and it is hosted by the center for cognitive science . paper presentation sessions will be at the holiday inn , worthington ( i-270 and sr 23 ) on sep . 15-16 and 19-20 . sessions will be at the osu drake union on sep . 17 , and at the homewood suites hotel ( adjacent the the holiday inn , worthington ) on sep . 18 . this conference is open to the public and there is no registration fee . contact conference secretary thomas stewart at 688-3931 or at tstewart @ ling . ohio-state . edu for more information . the conference program and related information is available on the www at : http : / / ling . ohio-state . edu / ~ tstewart
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1962,"Subject: hil phonology 4
 
 second and final call for papers : hil / leiden university will host the 4th hil phonology conference , hilp 4 , from 28-30 january , 1999 . call for papers abstracts are invited in all areas of phonology , and particularly on the conference theme : "" how phonetic is phonology ? "" - to what extent can phonology be derived from phonetics ? - where does phonology stop and phonetics begin ? - how concrete is phonology ? besides the main conference , there will be three workshops . workshop themes will be : 1 ) the role of paradigmatic relations in phonology ( is analogy a synchronic device and if so , how is it expressed ? ) 2 ) iconicity ( is iconicity a synchronic device and if so , how is it expressed ? ) 3 ) lexical insertion and phonology ( does the insertion of phonological information and other grammatical information take place at different levels or stages of the derivation ? ) please submit six copies of an abstract of maximally three pages ( including examples and references ) before 1 october 1998 . one abstract should identify author and affiliation . the program will be announced on 1 november . please submit to : hilp 4 committee hil / atw p . o . box 9515 2300 ra leiden the netherlands abstracts submitted by e-mail before 1 october ( ascii only ) will be accepted on the condition that a hard copy follows within a week . for information concerning the programme , hotel information and ( pre ) registration : http : / / www . leidenuniv . nl / hil / confs / hilp4 / e-mail : hilp4 @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl
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1963,"Subject: pragma99
 
 2nd call for papers pragma99 international pragmatics conference on pragmatics and negotiation june 13-16 , 1999 tel aviv university and hebrew university of jerusalem tel aviv and jerusalem israel the main theme of this conference is the pragmatics of negotiation , interpreted in a very broad sense . interlocutors engage in negotiations about every aspect of their interaction - such as floor access and topic selection , contextual assumptions , conversational goals , and the ( mis ) interpretation and repair of their messages . topics such as cross-cultural and cross-gender ( mis ) communications , conversational procedures in disputes and collaborations , argumentation practices , and effects of assumptions and goals on the negotiating strategies of interlocutors are of special interest for this conference . the conference will be interdisciplinary , bringing together pragmaticists , linguists , philosophers , anthropologists , sociologists and political scientists . we are soliciting papers on all issues relevant to the theme of the conference , as well as papers in other areas of pragmatics and dialogue analysis . the conference will include plenary addresses , regular session lectures , and organized panels around any of the relevant topics . among the plenary speakers : elinor ochs ( ucla ) , itamar rabinovitch ( tel aviv university ) , emanual schegloff ( ucla ) , thomas schelling ( university of maryland ) , deborah schiffrin ( georgetown university ) , deborah tannen ( georgetown university ) , ruth wodak ( university of vienna ) . presentation of regular session lectures is 30 minutes long , with a subsequent discussion of 10 minutes . panels take the form of a series of closely related lectures on a specific topic , which may or may not be directly related to the special topic of the conference . they may consist of one , two or three units of 120 minutes . within each panel unit a maximum of four 20 - minute presentations are given consecutively , followed by a minimum of 30 minutes of discussion ( either devoted entirely to an open discussion , or taken up in part by comments by a discussant or discussants ) . panels are composed of contributions attracted by panel organizers , combined with individually submitted papers when judged appropriate by the program committee in consultation with the panel organizers . typically , written versions or extensive outlines of all panel contributions should be available before the conference to facilitate discussion . submissions abstracts for papers and panels should be submitted in the following format : 1 . for papers - five copies of an anonymous abstract ( up to 300 words ) . 2 . for panels - a preliminary proposal of one page , detailing title , area of interest , name of organizer ( s ) and invited participants to be sent by sept . 30 , 1998 . organizers of approved panels will then be invited to submit a full set of abstracts , including : a . a brief description of the topic area , b . a list of participants ( with full details , see below ) , c . abstracts by each of the participants by november 1 , 1998 . 3 . in all cases , a page stating : a . title , b . audiovisual / computer request , and c . for each author : i . full name and affiliation ; ii . current address ; iii . e - mail address ; iv . fax number . deadline for submission of abstracts : nov . 1 , 1998 . abstracts may be sent by hard copy , disk , or e-mail to pragma99 , faculty of humanities , tel aviv university , tel aviv 69978 , israel . e - mail : pragma99 @ post . tau . ac . il date of notification : march 1 , 1999 . program committee : mira ariel , hava bat - zeev shyldkrot , jonathan berg , anat biletzki , shoshana blum - kulka , marcelo dascal , nomi erteschik - shir , tamar katriel , ruth manor , george - elia sarfati , elda weizman , yael ziv . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = pragma99 registration form please send the following information , accompanied by cheque payable to tel - aviv university in the amount of us $ 75 if paid before november 1 , 1998 , otherwise us $ 100 , to pragma99 faculty of humanities tel aviv university tel aviv 69978 , israel dr . / mr . / mrs . / ms . / name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ university / organization : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( home ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( office ) telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( home ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( office ) signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ those wishing to pay by credit card should provide the following information : type of credit card : mastercard / visa / american express name as it appears on credit card : sum of paymnt : us $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card no . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * * * * * * those wishing to present a paper should follow the instructions above . hotel information will be provided after registration . the international association for dialogue analysis is co-sponsoring a part of our conference , which will be devoted to "" negotiation as a dialogic concept . "" for further information , contact edda weigand ( e-mail : weigand @ uni-muenster . de ) . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = [ forms can also be returned by fax to 972 - 3-6407839 , or by e-mail to pragma99 @ post . tau . ac . il . ]
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1964,"Subject: the 13th annual international conference on pragmatics and language learning
 
 a call for papers for the 13th annual conference on pragmatics and lanaguage learning will be held at the university of illinois ( urbana - champaign ) on april 8 - 10 , 1999 . for further information , click here : http : / / deil . lang . uiuc . edu / pragmatics / conference99 . html - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lawrence f . bouton 3070 foreign languages building ( 217 ) 244-2737 email : l-bouton @ uiuc . edu
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1965,"Subject: nystesol applied ling
 
 second call for proposals ( please forward to interested lists and individuals ) 21st annual nystesol applied linguistics winter conference lehman college / cuny bronx , ny saturday , january 23rd , 1999 esol standards : achievements , assessments - - - - - - - keynote speaker : eric nadelstern of the international h . s . at laguardia community college , queens will talk on "" performance - based assessment standards for esol students and their teachers . "" - - - - - - - proposals due : * * * october 14 * * * mail to ms . bhar arsoy , proposal chair fort george station , ps box 251 new york , ny 10040 general suggested topics * academic achievement of esol students in language learning and other content areas * articulation efforts across grades or levels * standards for admission , retention , promotion , and graduation of esol students and their impact at all levels of education * assessment practices , models , and instruments for esol students in language learning and other content areas : analyses , innovations , and critiques * esol teacher education : standards for entrance , retention , promotion , and graduation * using technology to support and assess achievement * achieving and assessing progmatic and sociolinguistic development instructions for proposal submissions : please follow exactly ! individual papers , workshops , and publishers demonstrations are alloted 45 minutes ( publishers and other commercial presenteras are required to pay the exhibitor 's fee ) panel sessions ( several speakers - - one theme ) can be scheduled as either one 45 minute session or one 1 1 / 2 hour session . all presenters must register for the conference . while all presentations will be considered , those which deal directly with the topic will be given preference . 1 . submit 8 copies of a summary of your proposals , maximum length 1 page double spaced . neither your name nor affiliation should appear anywhere on these 8 copies . however , in the upper left hand corner of each copy , you should give the following information : ( 1 ) title , ( 2 ) type of presentation ( paper , workshop , publisher , or panel ) ; ( 3 ) length ( 45 min . or 1 1 / 2 hours ) ; ( 4 ) intended audience ( s ) ( prek , elementary , secondary , adult , higher ed , bilingual , mainstream , teacher educators , materials / curriculum developers , researchers ) ; and ( 5 ) av equipment needed 2 . on a 9th copy ( identical to the copies in # 1 ) , in the upper-right hand corner , place your name , affiliation , mailing address , phone , fax & e-mail , and times you will not be available to present on january 23 ( a . m . or p . m , ) 3 . in addition , submit a 50 word ( max ) abstact of your presentation to appear in the conference program . include the name ( s ) of presenter ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , title and type of presnation , length , and intended audience ( s ) . 4 . absolutely no e-mail or faxes accepted . snail mair only . please ensure that your proposal packet reaches the proposal chair no later than wed . . sept . 23 , 1998 . questions should be addressed to dr . joye smith , alsig chair 718 960 7242 5 . some presentations submitted may look promissing , but the summary and title are occasionally unclear , unattractive to the intended audience or inconsistent with one another . please make every effort to create clear , well-written , engaging , and appropriate titles and summaries . please forward this message to interested lists or individuals michael newman assistant professor of applied linguistics dept . of linguistics and communications disorders queens college / cuny flushing , ny 11367
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1966,"Subject: conference leuven 2 - 4 / 7 / 1998
 
 call for papers "" history of linguistic and grammatical praxis "" ( leuven , 2 - 4 july , 1998 ) the xi . international colloquium of the "" studienkreis geschichte der sprachwissenschaft "" will be held at leuven university ( belgium ) from july 2 to july 4 , 1998 . le xie colloque international du "" studienkreis geschichte der sprachwissenschaft "" se tiendra a l ' universite de leuven ( belgique ) , du 2 au 4 juillet 1998 . vom 2 . bis zum 4 . juli 1998 findet an der universitat leuven das xi . internationale kolloquium des studienkreises "" geschichte der sprachwissenschaft "" statt . conference languages : english , french , german . deadline for registration and for submitting a paper proposal : february 15 , 1998 . langues du colloque : francais , anglais , allemand . date limite pour les inscriptions : le 15 fevrier 1998 . kongrebsprachen : deutsch , englisch , franzosisch . anmeldeschlub : 15 . februar 1998 . the central theme of the colloquium is the history of linguistic and grammatical , practice-oriented work , with special focus on first and second language teaching , on language planning , language policy , and international auxiliary languages . in addition , there will be a general session reserved for papers on other historiographical topics . publication of the conference proceedings is scheduled . le theme central du colloque est l ' histoire de la praxis linguistique et grammaticale , et plus precisement l ' histoire de l ' enseignement des langues ( langue maternelle / langue seconde ) , la planification des langues , la politique des langues , et les langues auxiliaires internationales . une seance sera reservee aux conferences portant sur d ' autres themes historiographiques . la publication des actes du colloque est prevue . themenschwerpunkt des kolloquiums ist die geschichte der linguistischen und grammatikalischen praxis . im besonderen soll den bereichen mutter - und fremdsprachenunterricht , sprachplannung , sprachpolitik und kunstsprachen aufmerksamkeit gewidmet werden . vortrage zu anderen historiographischen themen sind jedoch auch willkommen . die veroffentlichung der tagungsberichte ist vorgesehen . papers are invited for both the main conference session and the general session . please send the completed registration form below to one of the following addresses by february 15 , 1998 : prof . dr . pierre swiggers , xi . sgds colloquium , departement linguistiek , katholieke universiteit leuven , blijde - inkomststraat 21 , b-3000 leuven , belgium ; fax + 32 - ( 0 ) 16-32 . 47 . 67 or : prof . dr . peter schmitter , postfach 410115 , d-48065 munster , deutschland ; fax : + 49 - ( 0 ) 2534-1890 or , via e-mail to piet . desmet @ arts . kuleuven . ac . be , or , lieve . jooken @ arts . kuleuven . ac . be - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration form xi . international colloquium of the sgds ( leuven ( b ) , 2 - 4 july , 1998 ) name : address : e - mail : phone : fax : 0 i want to receive further information about the xi . sgds colloquium 0 i want to register as a participant in the xi . sgds colloquium 0 i will participate with the following paper ( working title ) : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . abstracts will be required of selected papers by april 1 , 1998 .
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1967,"Subject: relevance theory workshop
 
 relevance theory workshop 8-10 september 1998 , university of luton , england call for papers and registration the second relevance theory workshop aims to bring together those interested in cognitive approaches to communication , in particular ( but not exclusively ) relevance theory . the workshop will feature refereed and invited papers , including a keynote address by professor deirdre wilson . papers contributions are invited for papers on the following topics : ( 1 ) non-truth - conditional meaning ; ( 2 ) conceptual and procedural encoding ; ( 3 ) metarepresentation and interpretive use ; ( 4 ) the nature of and relation between the distinctions : semantics / pragmatics and explicature / implicature ; ( 5 ) critiques of relevance theory ; ( 6 ) any other topic dealt with from a relevance theoretic perspective or which has some bearing on relevance theory . papers on topics ( 1 ) - ( 5 ) will be presented in special topic panels and should be 20 minutes . other papers will be allocated 40 minutes for presentation and discussion ( either 20 + 20 , or 30 + 10 ) . complete papers will be distributed in advance of the workshop in order to increase the chances for useful feedback . instructions for contributors in order to distribute proceedings in advance , full-length papers are invited rather than the more usual abstracts . papers may take the form of pre-publication drafts , and should be a maximum of 6 pages in length , including references and a short ( ten line ) abstract . manuscripts should be typed ( 12 point font ) , single-spaced , with 1 inch ( 2 . 5 cm ) margins on all sides , and no page numbering . three copies of the manuscript should be submitted , one with the author 's name and two anonymously . please also include the following information on a seperate sheet : name , address ( postal and e-mail if available ) , affiliation , title of paper , the topic to which your paper relates ( see ( 1 ) - ( 6 ) above ) , and a contact telephone number . manuscripts should be submitted to : dr . steve nicolle , middlesex university , trent park , bramley road , london n14 4yz , united kingdom deadline for submission : 24 april 1998 contributors will be informed of the status of their paper by the end of may 1998 . additional information the second relevance theory workshop is scheduled to take place immediately prior to the autumn 1998 meeting of the linguistics association of great britain ( 10-12 september 1998 , also at the university of luton ) . the lagb meeting features a keynote address by professor dan sperber and a workshop on experimental pragmatics . luton is easily accessible from london and has its own international airport . registration form if you wish to register , please complete this form and send it back with ( evidence of ) your payment to the following address : dr . vlad zegarac dept . of linguistics university of luton faculty of humanities 75 castle street luton bedfordshire lu1 3aj united kingdom name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address for correspondence : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i would like to register for : ( please circle a or b ) a - - - - - - - - - - the whole conference package b - - - - - - - - - - the conference fee + the options as indicated below ( please put a tick on the line next to your chosen options ) the "" package "" price : stlg95 ( if sent to arrive by the end of june 1998 ) this includes : conference fee ( obligatory ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ options ( included in the package ) : lunch ( 8th sept . ) stlg7 . 50 _ _ _ dinner ( 8th sept . ) stlg7 . 50 _ _ _ accommodation ( inc . breakfast ) ( 8 / 9 sept . ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ lunch ( 9th sept . ) stlg10 _ _ _ _ _ dinner ( 9th sept . ) stlg10 _ _ _ _ _ accommodation ( inc . breakfast ) ( 9 / 10 sept ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ extra options ( not included in the package ) : accommodation ( inc . breakfast ) ( 7 / 8 sept . ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ accommodation ( inc . breakfast ) ( 10 / 11 sept . ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ lunch ( 10 sept . ) stlg7 . 50 _ _ for payments made after the end of june 1998 add an extra stlg10 methods of payment : return a hard copy of this form and either : 1 . enclose a cheque ( made payable to university of luton ) or 2 . complete and sign the following instruction : please debit stlg _ _ _ _ _ _ from my visa / mastercard number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ valid until _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name in print : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ or 3 . pay by direct bank transfer to the university of luton , midland bank plc . , george street , luton , beds , united kingdom account number : 81276360 sort code : 40 - 30 - 32 ( please encolse a bank receipt ) ( hard copies of this registration form may also be obtained from vlad zegarac at the above address . )
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1968,"Subject: toc : linguistics 36 : 2 ( 1998 ) , 36 : 3 ( 1998 )
 
 linguistics volume 36 - 2 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york julia barron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . have contraction : explaining "" trace effects "" in a theory without movement kerstin blume . . . . . . . . . . . . . a contrastive analysis of interaction verbs with dative complements yaron matras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . utterance modifiers and universals of grammatical borrowing janice l . jake . . . . . . . . . . . . constructing interlanguage : building a composite matrix language book reviews notice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ linguistics volume 36 - 3 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york laurie bauer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is there a class of neoclassical compounds , and if so is it productive ? caroline wiltshire . . . . . . . . extending align constraints to new domains helen bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . slips of the ear as evidence for the postperceptual priority of grammaticality christiane von stutterheim and ute kohlmann . . . . . . . . . . selective hearer-adaptation ralf klabunde and robert porzel . . . . . . . . . . . . . tailoring spatial descriptions to the addressee : a constraint-based approach michael h . kelly . . . . . . . . . . to "" brunch "" or to "" brench "" : some aspects of blend structure short notes carol tenny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . psych verbs and verbal passives in pittsburghese victor m . longa . . . . . . . . . . . newmeyer 's view of the evolution of generative grammar : some critical remarks book reviews notice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
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1969,"Subject: toc : cognitive linguistics 9 : 1 ( 1998 )
 
 cognitive linguistics volume 9 : 1 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york steve nicolle . . . . . . . . a relevance theory perspective on grammaticalization zoltan kovecses and guenter radden . . . . . . . metonymy : developing a cognitive linguistic view dorit ravid and david hanauer . . . . . . . . a prototype theory of rhyme : evidence from hebrew _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de this and further publications can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
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1970,"Subject: toc : intern . journal of the sociology of language ( ijsl ) 128 , 129 , 130 ( 1998 )
 
 international journal of the sociology of language issue 128 ( 1997 ) issues in language contact and social power relations edited by florian coulmas mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york frances trix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . alphabet conflict in the balkans : albanian and the congress of monastir didier l . goyvaerts . . . . . . . power , ethnicity , and the remarkable rise of lingala in bukavu , eastern zaire bahram sohrabi . . . . . . . . . . . . ethnolinguistic vitality and patterns of communication among the second generation of iranian immigrants in sweden david guyot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . plurilinguisme et metissage : le cas des metis du togo book review sonia branca - rosoff . . . . . . . construire le sens , by josiane boutet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ international journal of the sociology of language issue 129 ( 1998 ) women 's languages in various parts of the world edited by sachiko ide and beverly hill mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york sachiko ide and beverly hill . preface : seeking the parameters part 1 . gender patterns in language use jenny cheshire and penelope gardner - chloros . . . . . code - switching and the sociolinguistic gender pattern iris e . w . m . bogaers . . . . . . . . . . gender in job interviews : some implications of verbal interactions of women and men part 2 . gender differences in less-described languages mira ariel and rachel giora . . a self versus other point of view in language : redefining femininity and masculinity onuigbo g . nwoye . . . . . . . . . . . . . linguistic gender difference in igbo elizabeth keating . . . . . . . . . . . . a woman 's role in constructing status hierarchies : using honorific language in pohnpei , micronesia tooru hayasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gender differences in modern turkish discourse part 3 . women 's languages in women 's world liming zhao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nushu : chinese women 's characters risako ide and tomomi terada . the historical origins of japanese women 's speech : from the secluded worlds of "" court ladies "" and "" play ladies "" ruth mukama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . women 's discourses as the conservators of cultural values in language review article jennifer coates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . plus ca change . . . : language and gender in japan . review of aspects of japanese women ' s language , edited by sachiko ide and naomi mcgloin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ international journal of the sociology of language issue 130 ( 1998 ) linguistic issues of southeast asia edited by asmah haji omar mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york asmah haji omar . . . . . . . . . . . introduction peter w . martin . . . . . . . . . . . a sociolinguistic perspective on brunei cesar a . hidalgo . . . . . . . . . . language choice in a multilingual society : the case of the philippines soenjono dardjowidjojo . . . . strategies for a successful national language policy : the indonesian case asmah haji omar . . . . . . . . . . . language planning and image building : the case of malay in malaysia maya khemlani - david . . . . . . . language shift , cultural maintenance , and ethnic identity ; a study of a minority community : the sindhis of malaysia hafriza burhanudeen . . . . . . . greetings among royalty in malaysia elaine morais . . . . . . . . . . . . . language choice in a malaysian car-assembly plant jamaliah mohd . ali . . . . . . . . strategic communication and linguistic choices in a malaysian student seminar j . a . foley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . code - switching and learning among young children in singapore book review thilagawathi kanagaretnam . rules of speaking : verbal interactions at play , edited by zainab abdul majid and loga mahesan baskaran _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
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1971,"Subject: toc : the linguistic review 15 - 1 ( 1998 )
 
 the linguistic review volume 15 - 1 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york masatoshi koizumi . . . . . . invisible agr in japanese tobias scheer . . . . . . . . . . a unified model of proper government maggie tallerman . . . . . . . the uniform case - licensing of subjects in welsh _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
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1972,"Subject: new books : comparative and general grammar
 
 comparative and general grammar * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * van geenhoven , veerle ( max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen ) ; semantic incorporation and indefinite descriptions : semantic and syntactic aspects of noun incorporation in west greenlandic ; isbn : 1-57586 - 132 - 1 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 133 - x ( cloth ) ; 248 pp . csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . distributed by cambridge university press . this volume presents "" semantic incorporation "" as an analysis accounting for many strking similarities between the semantic properties of incorporated nouns in west greenlandic and bare plurals and split noun phrases in west germanic language . this analysis uniformly treats these nominal expressions as predicative indefinites . at the outset , van geenhoven explores the empirical basis for why semantic incorporation is needed . the inability of existing semantic theories of indefinites as well as current structural approaches to noun incorporation to account for the data observed is then explored , and finally , the work presents semantic incorporation as a subtheory of indefinites . this volume will be of interest to semanticists , lexicalists , syntacticians and linguists . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * zoll , cheryl ( massachusetts institute of technology ) ; parsing below the segment in a constraint-based framework ; isbn : 1-57586 - 130 - 5 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 131 - 3 ( cloth ) ; 172 pp . csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . distributed by cambridge university press . this book proposes a new way of understanding the behavior of consonants and vowels in a broad cross-section of the world 's languages . also introduced is a new model of subsegmental phonology within optimality theory that differs from standard autosegmental phonology both in its limited use of representational distinctions and in the form of the grammar to which the representations submit . the research focuses particularly on oating features and ghost segments , and demonstrates that the current understanding of segmental representation fails to characterize the full range of subsegmental phenomena found cross-linguistically . zoll proposes instead an analysis in which the grammar derives the variety of surface phenomena from a single underlying representation . the typology that results from this analysis correctly classies the entire range of behavior associated with subminimal phonological units . this work thus both enlarges the empirical foundation on which an adequate theory of segment structure must be based , and in developing such an account sheds new light on classic problems of subsegmental parsing . the problems dealt with here include classics such as the pattern of liaison consonants in french , as well as more obscure phenomena such as the assignment of tone marking in the african languages mende and kukuya . it is the rst book to apply the results of current phonological theory to this area . this book will be of great interest to linguists and to other people who are interested in knowing more about sound patterns in language . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications
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1973,"Subject: new books : studies in logic , language and information
 
 studies in logic , language and information * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * kanazawa , makoto ( chiba university , japan ) ; learnable classes of categorial grammars ; isbn 1-57586 - 096 - 1 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 097 - x ( cloth ) , 184 pp . csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . distributed by cambridge university press . this book investigates learnability of various classes of classical categorial grammars within the gold paradigm of identification in the limit from positive data . two types of learning , learning from structures and learning from flat strings , are considered . the class of k-valued grammars for k = 1 , 2 , 3 . . . , is shown to be learnable both from structures and from strings , while the class of least-valued grammars and the class of least-cardinality grammars are shown to be learnable from structures . in proving these learnable results , crucial use is made of a theorem on the concept known as finite elasticity . the learning algorithms used in this work build on buszkowski and penn 's algorithms for finding categorial grammars from input consisting of functor-argument structures . ginzburg , jonathan ( hebrew university of jerusalem ) , khasidashvili , zurab ( ntt basic research labs , japan ) , vogel , carl ( university of dublin ) , le ' vy , jean - jacques ( ecole polytechnique ) , vallduvi ' , enric ( universitat pompeu fabra ) ; the tbilisi symposium on logic language and computation : selected papers ; isbn : 1-57586 - 098 - 8 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 099 - 6 ( cloth ) , 376 pp . csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . distributed by cambridge university press . this volume brings together papers from linguists , logicians and computer scientists from thirteen countries ( armenia , denmark , france , georgia , germany , israel , italy , japan , poland , spain , sweden , uk and usa ) . this collection has two main aims : first to serve as a catalyst for new interdisciplinary developments in language , logic and computation ; and second , to introduce new ideas from the expanded european academic community . spanning a wide range of disciplines , the papers included in this volume cover such topics as formal semantics of natural language , dynamic semantics , channel theory , formal syntax of natural language , formal language theory , corpus-based methods in computational linguistics , computational semantics , syntactic and semantic aspects of lambda-calculus , non-classical logics , and a fundamental problem in predicate logic . the papers that appear in this volume have been selected from those originally presented at the first tbilisi symposium on language , logic and computation that took place in gudauri , the republic of georgia , in october 1995 .
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1974,"Subject: french grad student conference
 
 appel de communications les etudiants gradues du departement d ' etudes francaises de l ' universite de western ontario vous invitent a participer a leur colloque annuel interdisciplinaire qui aura lieu les 3 et 4 avril 1998 sur le theme : la langue de l ' autre . les propositions sont attendues sans restriction de domaine d ' etude . voici quelques suggestions sur le sujet : - langue de l autre et alterite - langue de l ' autre et communication - langue de l ' autre et appropriation - langue de l ' autre et culture - langue de l ' autre et francophonie - langue de l ' autre et ecriture de soi - langue de l ' autre et censure - langue de l ' autre et intertextualite - langue de l ' autre et interpretation - langue de l ' autre et marginalite . . . les propositions devront \ 234tre soumises en francais avant le 10 fevrier 1998 , et ne devront pas depasser 250 mots . par courriel : cberoud @ bosshog . arts . uwo . ca remmanve @ julian . uwo . ca par telecopieur : 519-661 - 3470 http : / / www . uwo . ca / french / recherche / langueautre . html ou a l ' adresse suivante : colloque etudiant "" la langue de l ' autre "" carole beroud / emmanuelle ravel department of french university college university of western ontario london , ontario n6a 3k7 jeff tennant vice - directeur / vice - chair departement de francais / department of french the university of western ontario london , ontario n6a 3k7 canada tel : ( 519 ) 661-2111 xt 5688 ( 519 ) 661-2163 ( messages ) fax : ( 519 ) 661-3470 jtennant @ julian . uwo . ca http : / / www . uwo . ca / french /
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1975,"Subject: new books : semantics
 
 semantics * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * de swart , henriette ( university of utrecht ) ; introduction to natural language semantics ; isbn : 1-57586 - 138 - 0 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 139 - 9 ( cloth ) ; 258 pp . csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . distributed by cambridge university press . semantics is defined as the study of meaning expressed by elements of a language or combinations thereof . utterances are not just noices or scribbles , they are used to convey information , they are linked with kinds of events , with states of mind , etc . speaker and hearer use language to communicate . this introduction is concerned with the semantics of natural languages . the text examines what issues semantics , as a theory of meaning , should address ; determining what the meanings of words of the language are and how to semantically combine elements of a language to build up complex meanings . logical langauges are then developed as formal metalanguages to natural language . subsequent chapters address propositional logic , the syntax and semantics of ( first-order ) predicate logic as an extension of propositional logic , and generalized quantifier theory . going beyond extenstional theory , de swart relativizes the interpretation of expressions to times to account for verbal tense , time adverbials and temporal connectives and introduces possible worlds to model intensions , modal adverbs and modal auxiliaries . this broad overview of natural language semantics should cover most of the points addressed in an introductory course . numerous exercises punctuate each chapter and an example exam based on the materials presented is included , making this volume a perfect textbook and resource for any undergraduate or graduate-level introductory course in semantics . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications
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1976,"Subject: new books : computational linguistics
 
 computational linguistics * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * nerbonne , john ( groningen ) ; linguistic databases ; isbn : 1-57586 - 092 - 9 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 093 - 7 ( cloth ) ; 244 pp . csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . linguistic databases explains the whys and hows of the increasng use of databases in linguistics . the enormous potential in linguistic data - - billions of utterances and messages daily - - has been difficult to exploit . data must be archived and organized . many linguists have had to concentrate on introspective data with its inevitable blinders toward frequency , variation , and naturalness . applications of linguistics have been handicapped . databases not only store large amounts of data , but also impose an organization in data , which facilitates access for researchers and applications developers . linguistic databases reports on database activities in phonetics , phonology , lexicography and syntax , comparative grammar , second-language acquisition , linguistic fieldwork and language pathology . this volume presents the specialized problems of multimedia ( especially audio ) and multilingual texts , including those in exotic writing systems . implemented solutions are discussed . the opportunities to use existing , minimally structured text repositories are presented . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * aliseda , atocha ( unam ) , van glabbeek , rob ( stanford university ) , and westerstaahl , dag ( stockholm university ) ; computing natural language ; isbn : 1-57586 - 100 - 3 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 101 - 1 ( cloth ) ; 158 pp . csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . computing natural language pursues the recent increased interest in the interface of logic , language and computation , with applications to artificial intelligence and machine learning . it contains a variety of contributions to the logical and computational analysis of natural language . a wide range of logical and computational tools are employed and applied to such varied areas as context-dependency , linguistic discourse , and formal grammar ; this volume is a collection of papers illustrating state-of - the-art interdisciplinary research collecting logic , language , computation and ai . the papers in this volume deal with context-dependency from philosophical , computational , and logical points of view . a logical framework for combining dynamic discourse semantics and preferential reasoning in ai is also presented . other subjects include negative polarity items in connection with affective predicates ; head - driven phrase structure grammar from a perspective of type theory and category theory ; and an axiomatic theory of machine learning of natural language , with applications to physics word problems . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications
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1977,"Subject: new book : japanese linguistics
 
 japanese linguistics hamano , shoko ( the george washington university ) ; the sound-symbolic system of japanese ; isbn : 1-57586 - 144 - 5 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 144 - 5 ( cloth ) ; csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . this book is the first theoretical study of sound-symbolic expressions in japanese commonly known as mimetic words . it identifies stringent linguistic constraints on these expressions and demonstrates that they form an intricate linguistic system rather than a collection of ad hoc expressions . it then carefully identifies the sound-symbolic meanings of sound units so as to make the elusive meaning of each sound-symbolic expression fully comprehensible . in addition , this book describes a number of interesting facts about the history of the japanese language which mimetic words reveal . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications
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1978,"Subject: new book : morphology
 
 morphology lapointe , stephen ( uc davis ) , brentari , diane k . ( purdue university ) , and farrell , patrick m . ( uc davis ) morphology and its relation to phonology and syntax ; isbn : 1-57586 - 112 - 7 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 113 - 5 ( cloth ) ; csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . this volume brings together leading experts in the field to explore key issues in current morphology and the interactions of morphology with phonology and syntax . included here are papers on compounding , argument structure , voice systems , agreement marking , movement of constituents in compounds and derived forms , haplology , affix realization , stem selection and allomorphy , levels in phonology-morphology interactions , and nonisomorphism across grammatical components . these topics are considered from a variety of theoretical perspectives , among them the theory of lexical conceptual structure , the principles and parameters framework , lexical functional grammar , autolexical syntax , optimality theory , distributed morphology , paradigm - based realizational morphology , and the theory of cophonologies . this volume , derived from a conference , also contains commentaries on the papers as well as edited transcripts of the discussion sessions following the formal presentations . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications
",0
1979,"Subject: new book : bantu language
 
 bantu language hyman , larry m . ( university of california , berkeley ) and kisseberth , charles w . ( tel aviv university ) ; theoretical aspects of bantu tone ; isbn : 1-57586 - 094 - 5 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 095 - 3 ( cloth ) ; csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . this book brings together a collection of papers focusing on the tonal systems of the bantu languages of sub - saharan africa . these papers are alike in their attempt to fuse the description of bantu tone with linguistic theory , but at the same time reflect a range of such theoretical perspectives ( autosegmental phonology , lexical phonology , optimality theory , optimal domains theory ) . much new descriptive material is to be found in this collection , as well as attempts to bring bantu tonology to bear on critical issues of phonological theory . this collection of papers stands as a testimony to the benefits to be gained from the marriage of theory and description . this book provides new theoretical insights and analyses of the complexities known to characterize bantu tone systems . three of the articles indicate not only how one can apply the concepts of rapidly developing optimality theory , but also how the latter can be shaped by the unique features found in these languages . while two of the contributions use standard ot , the third by cassimjee and kisseberth provides a detailed introduction of optimal domains theory ( odt ) and its application to a number of bantu tone systems . these and other articles provide new insights into the treatment of long-distance tonal effects , tonal domains , depressor consonants , and other issues known through the autosegmental and metrical literature on tone . the collection features contributors from both sides of the atlantic and contributions that have both synchronic and diachronic significance for the field . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications
",0
1980,"Subject: new book : australian language
 
 australian language nordlinger , rachel ( max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen ) ; constructive case ; isbn : 1-57586 - 134 - 8 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 135 - 6 ( cloth ) ; csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . australian aboriginal languages have many interesting grammatical characteristics that challenge some of the central assumptions of current linguistic theory . these languages exhibit many unusual morphosyntactic characteristics that have not yet been adequately incorporated into current linguistic theory . this volume focuses on the complex properties of case morphology in these nonconfigurational languages , including extensive case stacking and the use of case to mark tense / aspect / mood . while problematic for many syntactic approaches , these case properties are given a natural and unified account in the lexicalist model of constructive case developed in this book , which allows case morphology to construct the larger syntactic context independently of phrase structure . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications
",0
1981,"Subject: new book : discourse analysis
 
 discourse analysis koenig , jean - pierre ( state university of new york at buffalo ) ; discourse and cognition : bridging the gap ; isbn : 1-57586 - 114 - 3 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 115 - 1 ( cloth ) ; csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . this volume brings together research from both "" cognitive "" and "" functional "" approaches to linguistics . the collection includes work from cognitive science disciplines whose concerns overlap with linguistics , such as articial intelligence , neurolinguistics , and psychology . despite their diversity , the papers in this volume are all inspired by the same fundamental question : to what extent is the structure of languages affected by human cognitive structures and language use ? * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications
",0
1982,"Subject: announcing rifra ' 98
 
 rifra ' 98 international workshop on extraction , filtering and automatic summarization sfax centre hotel , sfax - tunisia 11-14 november , 1998 organised by : laris laboratory ( fseg - sfax ) cams , lalic group ( cnrs - ehess - university paris sorbonne ) supported by : cycle de formation doctorale en informatique - ensi-fst , tunisia ministre de l ' enseignement suprieur , tunisia secrtariat d ' tat la recherche scientifique , tunisia cole doctorale de l ' universit paris - sorbonne , france aupelf / uref ministre de la recherche et de la technologie , france call for participation for several years , the scientific community has demonstrated an increasing and recurrent great interest for automatic methods concerning extract construction , summaries and specialised information filtering . the recently organised conferences in this field have focussed on the diversity of approaches ( statistics , neuronal nets , symbolic , linguistics , cognitive , . . . ) but they have n't always led to either comparison between obtained results or highlighting the aimed objectives not always emphasized either the comparison between obtained results , or highlighting the aimed finalities ( document selection , technological awakening , writing assistance , information synthesis , elaboration of summary model , . . . ) . rifra ' 98 will focus in particular on the following topics : * information extraction . * information filtering ( web , corpus , cd-rom , . . . ) . * automatic summarization . * performance evaluation methodology of automatic summarization systems . this workshop aims also at establishing future collaboration between researchers , users , and industrialists in the field of automatic summarization . to reach these objectives , the total number of participants will be limited to 25 up to 40 . a particular interest will be granted to discussions that will follow communications , a panel will be organised for each theme . official languages : oral communications will be in french and english . there won't be simultaneous translation . program : programme tuesday , 10 november1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 19 : 00 - 21 : 00 registration wednesday , 11 november 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 08 : 00 - 09 : 00 registration 09 : 00 - 10 : 00 general session ( a . ben hamadou , j . p . descls , j . l minel ) 10 : 00 - 10 : 30 official opening 10 : 30 - 11 : 00 coffe break * session n1 : automatic filtering ( 1 ) * chairman : mohammed moalla 11 : 00-12 : 00 : udo hahn automatic extracting - a poor man 's approach to automatic abstracting 12 : 00-12 : 45 analyse automatique des textes : l ' exemple des expressions dfinitoires author : emanuel cartier ( cams , paris ) 12 : 45-13 : 30 reprage d ' objets textuels fonctionnels pour le filtrage d ' information : le cas de la dfinition authors : josette rebeyrolle & marie - paule woodley ( universit toulouse le mirail , toulouse ) 13 : 30 - 15 : 00 lunch * session n2 : automatic filtering ( 2 ) chairman : udo hahn 15 : 00-15 : 45 la segmentation pour l ' indexation d ' un document technique : principe et mthodes authors : genevive lallich & tarek ouerfelli ( laboratoire gresec , grenoble ) 15 : 45 - 16 : 30 exploration , pour l ' laboration de requtes de filtrage de textes , des connaissances causales dtectes par coatis author : daniela garcia ( edf / der , paris ) 16 : 30 - 17 : 00 : coffe break 17 : 00 - 17 : 45 : filtrage automatique de phrases temporelles d ' un texte author : rim faiz ( institut des hautes etudes commerciales , carthage ) 17 : 45 - 18 : 30 classification du verbe arabe et stockage des donnes en vue de l ' analyseautomatique des textes authors : everhard ditters , mohamed hassoun ( universit des nimgue , nimgue ) thursday , 12 november 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 8 : 00 - 9 : 00 : michel charolles ( confrence invite ) l ' organisation du texte , le filtrage et le rsum . * session n3 : gnration de rsums chairman : rafik bouaziz 9 : 00 - 9 : 45 automatic summarization by paragraph initial sentences extraction author : pieter a . m . seuren ( nijmegen university , nijmegen ) 10 : 00 - 10 : 45 : where does information come from ? corpus analysis for automatic abstracting authors : horacio saggion & guy lapalme ( universit de montral , montral ) 10 : 45 - 11 : 15 : coffe break 11 : 15 - 12 : 00 on the real time elision of text authors : i . marshall , f . pezeshkpour , j . a . bangham ( university of east anglia , norwich ) 12 : 00 - 12 : 45 : utilisation de schmas de rsums en vue d ' amliorer la qualit des extraits et de rsums automatiques authors : ellouze mariem & ben hamadou abdelmajid ( laris , sfax ) 12 : 45 - 13 : 30 : une architecture gnrique base sur le raisonnement par cas pour produire des rsums authors : laurence capus & nicole tourigny ( universit laval sainte - foy , laval ) 13 : 30 - 15 : 00 : lunch * session n4 : information extraction chairman : michel charolles 15 : 00-15 : 45 une mthode de production d ' extraits base sur leurs classements l ' aide d ' un algorithme gntique authors : jaoua maher & ben hamadou abdelmajid ( laris , sfax ) 15 : 45-16 : 30 : exibum : un systme exprimental d ' extraction d ' information bilingue authors : leila kosseim &guy lapalme ( universit de montral , montral ) 16 : 30 - 17 : 00 coffe break 17 : 00 - 17 : 45 extraction d ' information : adaptation lexicale et calcul dynamique du sens author : thierry poibeau ( thomson - csf , orsay ) 17 : 45 - 18 : 30 table ronde : elaboration d ' un projet de coopration sur le filtrage automatique friday , 13 november 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = outing . saturday , 14 novembre 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 9 : 00 - 10 : 00 confrence invite ( j - g . meunier ) la gestion de la connaissances dans les entreprises et les intelliciels . * session n5 : recherche d ' informations sur le web chairman : pieter seuren 9 : 00 - 9 : 45 : classes d ' vnements et synthse des services web d ' actualit authors : pierre - yves foucou ( universit paris xiii , villetaneuse ) 9 : 45-10 : 30 : optimisation du choix de la terminologie pour la reformulation de requtes authors : s . kanoun & b . dousset ( irit , toulouse ) 10 : 30 - 11 : 00 coffe break 11 : 00 - 11 : 45 reformulation de requtes et extraction de phrases pertinentes pour la collecte d ' informations sur le web authors : leila nait - baha & agata jackiewicz & philippe laublet ( cams , paris ) 11 : 45 - 12 : 30 cogniweb modlisation hybride linguistique et numrique pour un outil de filtrage d ' informations sur les rseaux authors : christophe jouis &widad mustafa el - hadi & vincent rialle ( universit charles de gaulle , lille , universit joseph fourier , grenoble ) 12 : 30 - 14 : 30 : lunch session n6 : tools for filtering and extraction prsident : mr abdellatif abid 14 : 30 - 15 : 15 : la paraphrase entre l ' analyse et la gnration : systme 3ad ( aide l ' analyse automatique du discours ) authors : ismail timimi & salaheddine ben ali ( universit stendhal , grenoble ) 15 : 15 - 16 : 30 : abstraction incrmentale des donnes : application l ' extraction de l ' information pertinente authors : h . belad ajroud &ali jaoua & r . khcherif ( universit detunis , tunis ) 16 : 30 - 17 : 15 : systme de navigation dans une base de donnes documentaire utilisant le thesaurus rectangulaire : ' navigateur 2000 ' authors : m . m . gammoudi & n . bani & s . sofiene & z . abdelouahab ( universit de tunis , tunis ) 17 : 15 coktail * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * registration registration should be sent to the following address using the enclosed form . abdelmajid ben hamadou facult des sciences economiques et de gestion de sfax , laboratoire laris b . p . 1088 , 3018 sfax , tunisie fax : ( 216 ) 4 279 139 tel : ( 216 ) 4 278 777 email : abdelmajid . benhamadou @ fsegs . rnu . tn registration fees include a copy of the proceedings , lunches ( wednesday , thursday and saturday ) , break coffees and dinner of thursday . accommodations the sfax centre hotel ( where the workshop will be held ) offer special prices for participants : 50 tunisian dinars ( 250 french francs ) per night for one person . participants who wish to make reservation in this hotel should contact the hotel as soon as possible . sfax centre hotel tel : ( 216 ) 4 225 700 fax : ( 216 ) 4 225 521 travelling : by plane : there are direct flights between paris and sfax and some other european towns . for those who wish to come via tunis , "" tunis air "" company allows two flights per week ( tuesday and thursday ) between sfax and tunis . the flight takes 1 hour . departure from tunis at 5 p . m . 30 min . departure from sfax at 6 am 45 min by train : there is a daily train ( with a confort class ) connecting sfax to tunis ( the trip takes 4 hours ) . departure from tunis at : 7 am 10 min , 1 p . m . 5 min , 2 p . m . 5min , 5 p . m . 30 min , 9 p . m . 20 min . by bus and taxis there are buses and collective taxis connecting sfax to tunis and many other tunisian towns . schedules depend on each company and are not punctual . we do not recommend participants to take collective taxis . tourism an excursion is planned for friday . sfax has a nice medina ( old town ) with a medieval architecture . kerkenah island is near sfax and could be reached by boat ( 90 minutes ) . the tunisian south ( and its oasis , tozeur , nefta , etc . ) could be reached by airmail or by car . program committee andr abou , ecole doctorale d ' ingnierie linguistique abdel belad , crin - nancy abdelmajid ben hamadou , laris sfax emna ben mefteh , laris sfax michel charolles , landisco nancy jean - pierre descls , cams paris udo hahn freiburg university chritian flurh , cea ali jaoua , erpah tunis farouk kammoun , ensi tunis jean - guy meunier , lanci uquam jean - luc minel , cams paris pieter seuren , u . nijmegen organising committee lamia belguith , laris sfax emna ben mefteh , laris sfax mariem ellouze , laris sfax maher jaoua , laris sfax jean - luc minel , cams paris registration form first name : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - second name : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - affiliation : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - fax : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tel . : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - address : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration fees : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration fees : * students 85 $ us ( 500 ff ) ( please send a copy of the inscription ) * university staff $ us ( 1000 ff ) * others 210 $ us ( 1250 ff ) payment : bank transfer recipient : association d ' innovation et de la technologie "" account number : 11 70 10 03 66 56 30 17 88 39 . tnd bank : ubci , agency chebbi sfax sfax - tunisia registration deadline : 10 november 1998 registration form should be sent with a receipt indicating the registration fees transfer . * by mail to the following address : abdelmajid ben hamadou facult des sciences economique et de gestion de sfax laboratoire laris b . p 1088 3018 sfax , tunisia * or by fax to the following fax number : 216 4 279 139
",0
1983,"Subject: 2nd call for papers : adl5
 
 fifth meeting of the adl 4 - 5 december 1998 university of paris 7 - denis diderot the atelier des doctorants de linguistique ( adl ) is an organisation created and run by students . with the support of theuniversity of paris 7 , it aims at developing exchanges between students from different theoretical backgrounds . the fifth meeting provides anopportunity for young linguists to present their works and exchange ideas through : * papers on miscellaneous areas of linguistics * workshops on interdisciplinary topics * friendly breaks providing an opportunity forinformal discussions . this meeting is organised by students and is student-oriented . papers , preferably delivered in french , should deal with the following fields : computational linguistics , history of linguistics , lexicology , phonetics , phonology , pragmatics , psycholinguistics , semantics , sociolinguistics , syntax and morphology . a three-page abstract setting out the theoretical background , hypotheses , examples and results which are to be presented at the meeting should be sent by october15th . abstracts should be submitted , ( by email in rtf-format if possible ) , to sabrina . bendjaballah @ linguist . jussieu . fr ( for macintosh ) patricia . cabredo - hofherr @ linguist . jussieu . fr ( for pc formats ) . if you send your abstact by mail please enclose three anonymous copies along with a separate listing of name , institutional affiliation , preferred mailing address , phone , e-mail address and paper title to the following address : 5emes rencontres de l ' adl universite paris 7 - denis diderot ufr de linguistique - case 7003 tour centrale , piece 911 2 , place jussieu 75251 paris cedex 05 accepted speakers will be notified by the program committee in early november . the meeting will be free of charge . furthermore , we will try to arrange accommodation for speakers . for further information , join us at http : / / www . linguist . jussieu . fr / ~ leglise / adlp7 / adlp7 . htm or at cabredo @ ccr . jussieu . fr . program committee : nicolas ballier , sabrina bendjaballah , patricia cabredo hofherr , emmanuelle canut , pierre jalenques , isabelle leglise , helene le guillou de penanros ( coordination ) , tobias scheer , kim stroumza . abstract deadline : october 15th , 1998 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ appel a communications cinquiemes rencontres de l ' atelier des doctorants de linguistique de l ' universite paris 7 4 - 5 decembre 1998 universite de paris 7 - denis diderot structure creee et geree par des doctorants , l ' atelier des doctorants de linguistique ( a . d . l . ) de paris 7 , avec le soutien de son ecole doctorale , a pour objectif de favoriser les echanges entre etudiants travaillant dans des domaines et dans des cadres theoriques differents . dans cette optique , il organise pour la cinquieme annee consecutive des rencontres , occasion pour de jeunes linguistes de presenter leurs travaux et de confronter leurs points de vues a travers : * des presentations dans des domaines varies de la linguistique * des ateliers-debats autour de themes transversaux * des pauses conviviales laissant le temps aux discussions la particularite de ces rencontres est leur caractere etudiant : organisation , comite de lecture et intervenants . les communications se situeront dans les domaines suivants : histoire des idees linguistiques , lexicologie , linguistique et informatique , morphologie , phonetique , phonologie , pragmatique linguistique , psycholinguistique , semantique , sociolinguistique et syntaxe . les etudiants interesses enverront un resume de 3 pages avant le 15 octobre 1998 , comprenant : une explicitation de leurs presupposes theoriques , les hypotheses , exemples et resultats exposes lors de la presentation . ce resume est a soumettre , si possible par email en format rtf a : sabrina . bendjaballah @ linguist . jussieu . fr ( format macintosh ) patricia . cabredo - hofherr @ linguist . jussieu . fr ( format pc ) ou a adresser , en 3 exemplaires anonymes accompagnes d ' une fiche personnalisee ( nom , universite de rattachement , adresse personnelle et professionnelle , telephone , email , titre de la communication ) a l ' adresse suivante : 5emes rencontres de l ' adl universite paris 7 - denis diderot ufr de linguistique - case 7003 tour centrale , piece 911 2 , place jussieu 75251 paris cedex 05 l ' acceptation des communications sera notifiee par le comite de lecture debut novembre . la participation a ces rencontres est gratuite . nous essaierons , de plus , de mettre en place des possibilites d ' hebergement . les personnes souhaitant des renseignements complementaires peuvent nous contacter a la meme adresse ou par email , ou www : http : / / www . linguist . jussieu . fr / ~ leglise / adlp7 / adlp7 . html organisation : nicolas ballier , sabrina bendjaballah , patricia cabredo hofherr , emmanuelle canut , pierre jalenques , isabelle leglise , helene le guillou de penanros ( coordination ) , tobias scheer , kim stroumza . date limite pour les resumes : 15 octobre 1998
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1984,"Subject: acl-99 call for theme proposals
 
 call for theme proposals acl-99 conference : the 37th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics university of maryland june 22 - - 27 1999 the association for computational linguistics would like to encourage the submission of papers on substantial , original , and unpublished research on all aspects of computational linguistics . a particular aim for the 1999 conference is a broadening of both the thematic coverage and geographical origin of submissions ; to this end , we are experimenting with a new format . some proportion of the conference will be given over to special sessions , somewhat like a special issue of a journal , organised around themes proposed by members of the nlp community . our aim is to incorporate some of the intensity and excitement of the traditional post-conference workshops , without replacing those workshops - - - we expect , as has become traditional , that there will also be a set of post-conference workshops that will remain separate from the main meeting . this call invites proposals for thematic sessions in accordance with the considerations below ; a final call for papers will be sent out in early november . what is a thematic session ? we are soliciting proposals for themes that will provide 4 - - 8 high quality papers , typically forming one or two sessions in the main conference . proposers of accepted themes , who will become the chairs of those sessions , will have similar responsibilities to those of workshop organisers in terms of arranging reviewing and the delivery of camera ready copy ; however , the papers will be scheduled as part of the main sessions and will be published as part of the main conference proceedings . in terms of subject area coverage , we expect thematic sessions will be closer to workshop topic areas in focus . format of theme proposals please specify the following : - chair details : name , address , email , telephone number , fax - title - summary : at most one page describing the proposed subject area , citing evidence that there is sufficient interest in the area to generate enough high quality submissions to populate up to a half-day 's worth of presentations . - proposed review committee : each paper submitted should be reviewed by at least three people . as part of your proposal , you should suggest a potential review committee of around 12 people who will be asked to serve on the committee if the proposal is accepted . your list should demonstrate the spread of interest in the area in the community , encouraging both international participation and the participation of a broad range of researchers , including both senior members of the community and graduate students . theme proposals should be submitted to the email address provided below . informal enquiries as to what might work as a theme can also be directed to this address in advance of the submission date . possible themes might be topics like : nlp and data mining ; word segmentation in asian languages ; reconciling functional and formal approaches to syntax ; approaches to concept to speech . we provide these examples only as indications of the variety of topic areas that will be considered . important dates this call issued : september 14 , 1998 theme submissions deadline : october 12 , 1998 notification of selected themes : october 26 , 1998 call for papers : early november 1998 paper submissions deadline : january 25 , 1999 notification of acceptance : march 22 , 1999 camera ready papers due : may 3 , 1999 general submission questions chairs for the acl-99 program are ken church and robert dale . all queries regarding the program should be sent to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au ; this forwards to both authors . submission format theme proposals should be of approximately two pages in length , ideally submitted in ascii by email to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au with the subject : "" acl99 theme proposal "" . more complicated formats such as standalone latex ( not requiring additional style files ) , postscript , and word will be accepted if they print on the first try . hardcopy proposals should be faxed or mailed to * both * of the chairs , clearly labeled "" acl99 theme proposal "" . proposals should be received by 5pm gmt on october 12th 1998 . ken church ( co - chair ) robert dale ( chair ) at&t labs - research microsoft research institute 180 park ave , office d235 school of mpce po box 971 macquarie university florham park , nj 07932-0971 , usa sydney nsw 2109 , australia kwc @ research . att . com robert . dale @ mq . edu . au tel : + 1 973-360 - 8620 tel : + 61 2 9850 6331 fax : + 1 973-360 - 8077 fax : + 61 2 9850 9529
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1985,"Subject: toc glot international 3 - 6 ( helen dry on the history of linguist ! )
 
 table of contents of glot international , vol . 3 , issue 6 with a guest column by helen dry on the history of the linguist list ! editors : lisa l . s . cheng and rint sybesma < mail to : glot @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl > < http : / / www . hag . nl / glot . htm > state - of-the - article floating quantifiers : handle with care by jonathan david bobaljik "" the claim that since ( 1a ) and ( 1b ) "" mean "" the same , they must be transformationally related relies on the tacit assumption that there would be no other way for the two sentences to mean the same . the brief discussion of adverbial quantification above is intended to show not that this assumption is false , but that the question is still open . "" guest column / goodies the linguist list a personal history by helen dry "" behind the scenes , linguist editorial work is partly editing an academic journal and partly a mix of librarianship , amateur electronics and keeping up with 10 , 000 pen pals . "" dissertations on pitch accent phenomena in standard japanese by yuko yoshida ( soas , 1995 ) , reviewed by nancy ritter book reviews the infinite economy of complementation or : the return of the new england linguistic society by marcel den dikken review of the syntax of nonfinite complementation . an economy approach by zeljko boskovic ( mit press 1997 ) . verbal morphology , case marking and telicity by toshiyuki ogihara review of aspect and predication : the semantics of argument structure by gillian c . ramchand ( clarendon / oxford , 1997 ) the number of death a linguistic mystery in eight installments by chris sidney tappan chapter 5 : where is the evidence ? rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
",0
1986,"Subject: review of ostertag
 
 ostertag , gary ( ed ) ( 1998 ) definite descriptions : a reader , cambridge , ma : mit press , xii + 411pp , $ 30 . 00 . the collection begins with a substantive introductory essay by the editor . this is followed by fifteen papers , the majority of which were originally published in journals or in other anthologies , although some were originally chapters or parts of chapters of books . the collection ends with a useful bibliography , with readings arranged by topic . the first of the fifteen papers in ostertag 's anthology is russell 's 1905 paper ' on denoting ' , and the remaining papers are arranged in more or less chronological order , ending with a 1995 paper of stephen schiffer 's titled ' descriptions , indexicals , and belief reports : some dilemmas ( but not the ones you expect ) ' . the one deviation from the chronological sequence is stephen neale 's 1993 paper ' grammatical form , logical form , and incomplete symbols ' , which is placed in the sequence just after several papers authored or co-authored by russell . presumably the reason for placing neale 's paper out of chronological order is that it illuminates some of the more technical background notions whose grasp is essential to an understanding of the debate represented in the ensuing papers . neale discusses the distinction between grammatical and logical form , raises questions about the appropriate way to represent ordinary language quantifiers in semantic theory , discusses russell 's claim that definite descriptions are incomplete symbols , and discusses the implications of this for an attempt to give a compositional semantics for sentences containing descriptions . the other papers in the collection are the classic ones by strawson , donnellan and kripke , as well as more recently influential papers by such authors as peacocke , wettstein , soames and neale . ostertag regrets that he could n't have included more papers in his volume . he regrets for instance not including some of the work by marga reimer or by nathan salmon . ostertag compensates for this gap in a small way by spending some time in his introductory essay on reimer 's arguments against treating ' the f ' as a quantifier , and on salmon 's arguments against wettstein 's anti - russellian views . ostertag 's introductory chapter breaks the mold for this sort of essay , in the sense that it does n't contain a summary of the central arguments of the collected papers . possibly ostertag felt that since the majority of the papers in his collection are classics in the field , or at least frequently referred to by others in the field , it was unnecessary to encapsulate their central arguments in this way . presumably most instructors using this as a textbook in a philosophy of language course will be very familiar with the arguments contained in these papers . instead , ostertag 's essay presents a ( by his own admission partial ) view of some of the twists and turns the debate has taken . ostertag begins with a brief historical account of russell 's reasons for moving away from the extreme realist view which , under the influence of meinong , he had earlier accepted , to the position defended in ' on denoting ' . ostertag then lays out the treatment that russell gave to definite descriptions in principia mathematica , noting some of the contortions that russell had to go through to represent scope differences in his notation . ostertag ends this section by explaining the method of representing natural language quantifiers ( the method of restricted quantification ) that is favored by contemporary russellians , such as neale . this is followed by an interesting section in which ostertag argues that the contemporary significance of russell 's work is rather different from the significance it had when russell first published ' on denoting ' , partly due to the fact that russell 's treatment of descriptions as devices of quantification has been so readily incorporated into contemporary grammatical theory . ostertag turns next to a discussion of the referential / attributive distinction . ostertag 's conclusion is that referential uses of descriptions are adequately accounted for by a gricean strategy . that is , in cases in which a description is used referentially , we must distinguish what is meant from what is said . the referential understanding is retrieved via gricean mechanisms as an implicature from what is said . ostertag does n't explicitly discuss some of the neo - gricean and relevance theoretical alternatives that have appeared recently in the literature that challenge this gricean solution . however , ostertag 's footnotes do point readers to some of these alternative accounts . ostertag concludes with a discussion of the problem of incomplete descriptions ( e . g . descriptions such as ' the table is covered with books ' , which strawson first drew attention to ) , and with a discussion of various challenges by marga reimer and others to russell 's assimilation of descriptions to quantifiers . ostertag seems more pessimistic that russellians can deal adequately with these problems , and concludes his discussion with the claim that once we accept the context-sensitivity of descriptions , which it seems we must , then "" we are no longer in possession of an account of how the meaning of the quantifier phrase "" the f "" is determined by the meanings of its constituents . "" ( p . 28 ) . overall , ostertag 's essay is very interesting . however , there is one very small printing error , which leads to some difficulties in following the thread of ostertag 's argument . on p . 24 the references should be not to the sentences numbered ( 2 ) and ( 3 ) , but to the sentences numbered ( 5 ) and ( 6 ) . in his preface , ostertag remarks that it is somewhat surprising that no free standing collection of essays on descriptions has yet appeared . issues having to do with definite descriptions form one of the core topics in the philosophy of language and all the major textbooks in the philosophy of language contain a section devoted to these issues . free standing collections of essays on other topics central to the philosophy of language have appeared over the years . for instance , yourgrau ( 1990 ) and salmon & soames ( 1988 ) . so there does seem to be a need for a collection such as the present one , which could be useful for an upper level undergraduate or graduate seminar devoted to the topic of descriptions . the only philosophy of language textbook which comes close to having as much coverage of this topic is ludlow ( 1997 ) , which contains seven essays under the heading of definite and indefinite descriptions . the topic of indefinite descriptions is not addressed in ostertag 's collection , which is one of the disappointments about this volume , and is related to one of the major shortcomings of this volume . all the papers in ostertag 's collection are by philosophers . the classic philosophical debate has tended to focus on a narrow range of issues , with the alleged distinction between referential and attributive uses of definite descriptions being the dominant one . linguists who have worked on the topic of descriptions generally are interested in a much broader set of issues . some of the best current work by philosophers on descriptions ( such as that by stephen neale ) is cross-fertilized by the work of linguists . hence it would have been good to include work by linguists , not only to open up the philosophical discussion to a wider range of issues , but also to guard against the chance that students will come away with the impression that work on the topic by other professionals is of only marginal relevance to the philosophical debate . there is important recent work by linguists on the topic of the referential / attributive distinction ; on the comparison between definite and indefinite descriptions ; on the so-called generic , specific and predicative uses of descriptions ; on the claim ( found in work as early as strawson 's classic response to russell ) that the definite / indefinite distinction is related to the given / new distinction for information in a conversational context ; and on the semantics / pragmatics distinction as it applies to descriptions . some representative authors are : irene heim ( 1989 ) , ruth kempson , ( 1986 ) and villy rouchota , ( 1992 ) and ( 1994 ) . in addition , there is more technical work in linguistics which explores the extent to which definiteness is a semantic property of expressions , and hence the extent to which it is possible to offer a linguistically universal characterization of ( in ) definiteness . such work is represented in a recent collection of papers edited by eric reuland and alice ter meulen . see reuland & ter meulen ( 1987 ) . peter ludlow , in his preface to the philosophy of language textbook mentioned above , remarks that "" the philosophy of language , or at least a core part of it , has matured to the point where it is now being spun off into linguistic theory . "" ludlow , ( 1997 ) p . xiii . ludlow takes this to mean that certain core problems in philosophy of language are being "" naturalized "" via their incorporation into linguistics , and he uses this claim to justify the inclusion of the work of linguists in his collection , alongside the classics of the philosophy of language . i am not sure that i would go as far as ludlow in claiming that core parts of the philosophy of language are now a part of linguistics . but given that natural languages , as well as the speakers of such languages , are objects of study for the cognitive sciences , it makes sense for philosophers of language to pay attention to what other cognitive scientists are saying about such things . this means paying attention to linguistic research , but it also means paying attention to work on language by psychologists , anthropologists , computer scientists and others . to give just one example of where such cross-fertilization might occur : developmental psychologists have long been interested in how it is that children master the distinction between definite and indefinite referring expressions . see for instance karmiloff - smith ( 1979 ) and emslie & stevenson ( 1981 ) . charting the development of children 's semantic and pragmatic skills could potentially help clarify issues having to do with the correct semantic representation of ( in ) definites , as well as help in the resolution of questions concerning the boundary between the semantic and the pragmatic . this said , it should be stressed that as a text for use in a mainstream philosophy of language class , whose principle aim is to introduce students to the debate about definite descriptions as it has unfolded over the last 90 years , this volume is unsurpassed . the editor has clearly given a lot of thought to picking papers which are representative of this mainstream debate . it would be unreasonable to demand that all the tributaries , as well as the new offshoots , to this debate be represented in a single , manageably compact volume . perhaps the editor and / or his publishers will consider in the future bringing out a companion volume in which papers representing this wider debate are brought together ? bibliography : emslie , h . & stevenson , r . ( 1981 ) ' pre - school children 's use of the articles in definite and indefinite referring expressions ' , journal of child language , 8 : 313-328 . heim , i . ( 1989 ) the semantics of definite and indefinite noun phrases , new york , garland press . karmiloff - smith , a . ( 1979 ) a functional approach to child language , cambridge : cambridge university press . kempson , r . ( 1986 ) ' definite nps and context - dependence : a unified theory of anaphora ' , in travis ( ed ) meaning and interpretation , oxford : blackwell , 209-239 . ludlow , p . ( ed ) ( 1997 ) readings in the philosophy of language , cambridge , ma : mit press . reuland , e . & ter meulen , a . ( 1987 ) the representation of ( in ) definiteness , cambridge , ma : mit press . rouchota , v . ( 1992 ) ' on the referential / attributive distinction ' , lingua , 87 : 137-167 . rouchota , v . ( 1994 ) ' on indefinite descriptions ' journal of linguistics , 30 : 441-475 . salmon , n . & soames , s . ( eds ) ( 1988 ) propositions and attitudes , oxford : oxford university press . yourgrau , p . ( ed ) ( 1990 ) demonstratives , oxford : oxford university press . anne bezuidenhout is an associate professor of philosophy and a core member of linguistics at the university of south carolina , columbia , sc . she is interested in the pragmatic aspects of language and communication , and has attempted to apply the insights of relevance theory to traditional debates in the philosophy of language , such as the debate about referential and attributive uses of descriptions , and the debate about the correct semantics for propositional attitude ascriptions . she is also currently working with cooper cutting , department of psychology , illinois state university on an experimental investigation of the pragmatic processes involved in utterance interpretation .
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1987,"Subject: chinese dialectology
 
 yuen ren society for the promotion of chinese dialect fieldwork annual conference 6 march 1999 submissions are now being accepted for a conference to be held on saturday , 6 march 1999 , at rutgers university in new jersey . the society welcomes presentations of a non-formalist character on any aspect of hann ~ chinese dialectology , including original field reports , comparative-historical studies , linguistic geography and contact , sociolinguistics , and taxonomy . presentations on any aspect of chinese dialects or their social context are welcome , but please note that the society favors presentations that include abundant evidence , in the form of either dialect data or other explicit documentation as appropriate . papers may be delivered in english or mandarin chinese . to submit a paper , please send a detailed abstract to one of the addresses below . preliminary deadline for submitting abstracts is : 15 november , 1998 . we expect to accept only ten papers in all . the yuen ren society is devoted to the practice of descriptive dialect fieldwork , and especially welcomes reports on little-known dialects . david prager branner r . vanness simmons yuen ren society east asian languages & cultures 440 riverside drive , # 73 330 scott hall , rutgers university new york , ny 10027-6831 usa new brunswick , nj 08901-1164 usa < yuen . ren . society @ bigfoot . com > < rsimmon @ rci . rutgers . edu > fax : ( 212 ) 865-5507 fax : ( 732 ) 932-7926
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1988,"Subject: aiml ' 98 : final call for participation
 
 final call for participation advances in modal logic ' 98 aiml ' 98 october 16-18 , 1998 uppsala university , uppsala sweden about the workshop advances in modal logic is an initiative aimed at presenting an up-to - date picture of the state of the art in modal logic and its many applications . the initiative consists of a workshop series together with volumes based on those workshops . advances in modal logic ' 98 is the second workshop organized as part of this initiative . aiml ' 98 will be held from october 16-18 , 1998 in uppsala , sweden . the workshop is intended for users of modal logic in cognition , computing , and language , as well as for logicians working in the area . scientific program the invited speakers for aiml ' 98 are johan van benthem , max j . cresswell , kit fine , dov m . gabbay , john f . horty , marcus kracht , and rohit parikh . during the workshop there will be a special morning session on modal logic and belief revision ; this session will be chaired by sven ove hansson and sten lindstrom . in addition , there will be a tutorial on explicit modal logic by sergei artemov , as well as 16 contributed papers . the complete scientific program is available at http : / / www . wins . uva . nl / ~ mdr / aiml / aiml98 - program . html . workshop venue aiml ' 98 will be held in the main hall of uppsala university , in the center of uppsala . the city of uppsala is situated in the province uppland in uppsala county . the municipality of uppsala is sweden 's fourth largest municipality , with slightly more than 184 , 000 inhabitants . further information is available at http : / / www . uppsala . se . people arriving by air should get a flight to stokholm arlanda airport . there is a bus from arlanda to uppsala ( number 801 ) every 15 or 30 minutes , depending on the time of day ; the fare is 75 sek . people arriving by train can take commuter trains or ic trains from stockholm , all departing from stokholm central station . registration the normal registration fee ( without accommodation ) is 1000 sek ; the student fee is 400 sek . registration includes access to the workshop , food service , the workshop dinner , as well as copies of the workshop proceedings . to register , please contact rysiek sliwinski by email or fax at the following coordinates : rysiek sliwinski department of philosophy uppsala university e - mail : rysiek . sliwinski @ filosofi . uu . se phone : + 46 18 471 73 51 fax : + 46 18 471 73 70 . to cut costs , the fees can only paid in cash on the spot upon arrival . unfortunately , credit cards can not be accepted . accommodation hotel accommodation will be arranged in various hotels in uppsala . please ask rysiek sliwinski at the above address to help you to arrange accommodation when you register . sponsors aiml ' 98 is generously sponsored by neurotec hochtechnologie gmbh , the computational logic group at illc , university of amsterdam , compulog net network for computational logic , the royal swedish academy of science , and the university of uppsala . further information email enquiries about the practical details of aiml ' 98 should be directed to rysiek . sliwinski @ filosofi . uu . se . information about the aiml initiative can be obtained on the world - wide web at http : / / www . wins . uva . nl / ~ mdr / aiml / .
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1989,"Subject: books : uralic
 
 memoires de la societe finno - ougrienne vol . 230 : etelaviron murteen sanaston alkuper . itamerensuomalaista etymologiaa [ the origin of vocabulary in the south estonian dialect . finnic etymology ] by eino koponen . ( isbn 952-5150 - 18 - 6 ) 296 p . eino koponen 's ph . d . thesis provides an etymological inventory of the vocabulary characteristic of the extremely interesting but relatively little-studied south estonian dialect , in order to shed light on finnic historical dialectology . at the same time thought is given to basic issues of finnic etymology and word formation , especially the appearance of new indigenous ( basic ) word stems . lexica societatis fenno - ugricae vol . xxvi . a morphological dictionary of tundra nenets . compiled by tapani salminen . ( publications of the databank for endangered finno - ugrian languages 3 . ) ( isbn 951-9403 - 99 - x ) . 544 p . tundra nenets , with more than 25 , 000 speakers in northernmost russia and western siberia , is the greatest and probably best-known language in the samoyed branch of the uralic language family . this dictionary contains approximately 19 , 000 words selected from the existing major tundra nenets dictionaries . it includes 1 ) a reverse word list with inflectional codes and derivational patterns , 2 ) an index of roots , where derivational patterns are arranged following their base , and 3 ) an alphabetic index . the dictionary completes the author 's monograph on tundra nenets inflection ( appeared in the series "" memoires de la societe finno - ougrienne "" , vol . 227 , in 1997 ) . lexica societatis fenno - ugricae vol . xxiii . h . paasonens mordwinisches wrterbuch . mordovskij slovar ' h . paasonena . zusammengest . von kaino heikkil . bearb . u . hrsg . von martti kahla . vol . 1 - 5 : 1990-1998 . mordvin , with two standard languages , erzya and moksha , is spoken in western russia by ca . 750 000 people , and forms an interesting link between finnic ( finnish , estonian and their closest relatives ) and the other uralic languages of russia proper . the dictionary of mordvin , based on the great and extremely important material collected by the finnish linguist heikki paasonen and his mordvin helpers between 1889 and 1912 , has now been published by martti kahla , in collaboration with mordvin and german colleagues . the dictionary consists of four volumes , with german and russian translations for every headword . the fifth volume is a russian index ; a german index will appear in the future . for complete backlists see the society 's homepage at http : / / www . helsinki . fi / jarj / sus / e - mail orders to the bookstore "" tiedekirja "" , tiedekirja @ pp . kolumbus . fi
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1990,"Subject: new book : indo - european studies
 
 ji xianling , werner winter and georges - jean pinault fragments of the tocharian a maitreyasamiti - nataka of the xinjiang museum , china 1998 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . vii , 392 pages cloth dm 428 , - / approx . us $ 268 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 014904 - 4 trends in linguistics . studies and monographs 113 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york in the winter of 1974 , in the yanki district of the xinjiang autonomous region in china , close to a 1000 - buddha temple , forest workers accidentally discovered 44 leaves of the manuscript remains of a tocharian a ( an extinct indo - european language ) version of the maitreyasamiti - nataka , one of the most important works of buddhist literature from central asia . this volume presents the complete text of the 44 leaves , i . e . , 88 pages which are now kept at urumqi . although they are far from complete , they are the longest manuscript remains of the text discovered till now . the original manuscripts are written in central asian slanting brahmi . the volume comprises a facsimile of the fragments , the transliterated and partly restored texts , translations , and notes , together with indices and a full glossary , thus making the work accessible for experts and students . the book will serve as a major research tool for specialists in buddhist and tocharian studies as well as for indo - europeanists and turkologists . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de this and further publications can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
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1991,"Subject: new book : sociolinguistics
 
 nirmala srirekam purushotam negotiating language , constructing race disciplining difference in singapore 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . x , 294 pages cloth dm 178 , - / approx . us $ 111 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 015679 - 2 contributions to the sociology of language 79 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the politics that took its inspiration from , and control over , ` ordinary ' peoples ethnicities and languages . this rare , detailed social history shows how the orientalist construction of race and language in colonial singapore was transformed into a powerful practice of ` nation ' that remains today . thus , since the advent of nationalism , singapore has been presented as a multiracial social space . this multiracial character has been carefully re-constructed as constituted by four races , with mainly four distinct languages . with this policy , the ruling elite has instituted a particular discourse about language , which almost always implicates race . additionally , the discourse has also translated itself into actual institutional practices , which ` ordinary ' men , women and children cannot avoid , and must participate in . interspersed by the actual voices and experiences of common people , caught within neo - orientalists statist constructions , the study provides another angle to the contemporary postmodern assurance that difference is necessarily liberating . difference , instead , is shown to have disciplinary consequences . yet the logic of dominant discourses can , at the same time , be re-interpreted - - cleverly or innocently - for enabling legitimate pressure upon the authorities . as everyday life readings of state discourses importantly unfold within the institution of the family , the often invisible role women actually play with reference to language , race , and nation , is importantly brought to the fore . contents ` nation ' and ` race ' : realms of problematic possibilities for language * race - ing language : the institutionalisation of ` chinese ' , ` malay ' , and ` indian ' in singapore * talk about language : from political project to daily life positionings * language on the life trajectory : everyday life contexts , relevances and practices * the mother tongue : male texts and female readings * second language : official bilingualism brought home * disciplining difference * notes * references * index _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de this and further publications can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
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1992,"Subject: new book : anthropological linguistics
 
 desmond c . derbyshire and geoffrey k . pullum ( editors ) handbook of amazonian languages volume 4 1998 . 24 x 17 cm . xii , 517 pages . cloth dm 298 , - / approx . us $ 186 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 014991 - 5 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this volume includes grammatical descriptions of wai wai , warekena , a comparative survey of morphosyntactic features of the tupi - guarani languages , and a paper on interclausal reference phenomena in amahuaca . the four volumes of this handbook are devoted to studies of syntactic , morphological and phonological characteristics of the languages of amazonia , many of which have never been described fully in the available literature , and most of which are little known to the general linguistic community . contents of volume 4 preface * map south america * abbreviations * desmond c . derbyshire and geoffrey k . pullum , introduction * part i : grammatical sketches * outline of contents for grammatical sketches * robert e . hawkins , wai wai * alexandra y . aikhenveld , warekena * margarethe w . sparing - chavez , part ii : typological study : amahuaca ( panoan ) * cheryl jensen , part iii : comparative study : tupi - guarani * cumulative index to volumes 1 - 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de this and further publications can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
",0
1993,"Subject: book on sed and awk in language research
 
 combining the bourne - shell , sed and awk in the unix environment for language analysis = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = lothar m . schmitt ( 1 ) and kiel t . christianson ( 2 ) 1 . the university of aizu school of computer science and engineering , aizu - wakamatsu city , fukushima prefecture , 965-80 , japan . e - mail : lothar @ u-aizu . ac . jp 2 . michigan state university dept . of linguistics and germanic , slavic , asian and african languages east lansing , michigan 48824 , usa . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = abstract = = = = = = = = we show how to construct tools for language analysis in research and teaching using the bourne - shell , sed and awk under unix . applications include the following : searches for words , phrases , grammatical patterns and phonemic patterns in text ; statistical evaluation of texts in regard to such searches ; transformation of phonetic , phonemic or typographic transcriptions ; comparison of texts in various respects ; lexical-etymological analysis ; concordance ; assistance in translating text ; assistance in learning languages ; assistance in teaching languages ; and text processing and formatting . the latter includes the generation of on-line dictionaries for the internet from files that were generated with what-you - see-is - what-you - get editors representing only the linear structure of the dictionary ( i . e . , the book ) . all of the above can be achieved with particularly simple and short code . in that regard , we illustrate how sed and awk can be combined in the pipe mechanism of unix to create very powerful processing devices . our notes include a short introduction to programming the bourne - shell and rather short , but complete descriptions of sed and awk customized in regard to language analysis . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * availability : 1 ) eric document service ( soon ) , 2 ) e - mail lms , 3 ) possible posting .
",0
1994,"Subject: toc : intern . journal of the sociology of language ( ijsl ) 131 ( 1998 )
 
 international journal of the sociology of language issue 131 ( 1998 ) the sociolinguistic situation of the macedonian language edited by zuzanna topolinjska mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york zuzanna topolinjska . . . . . . . in place of a foreword : facts about the republik of macedonia and the macedonian language bozidar vidoeski . . . . . . . . . . five decades since the codification of the macedonian language victor a . friedman . . . . . . . . the implementation of standard macedonian : problems and results elena petroska . . . . . . . . . . . . the cultural dialect of the younger generation in skopje olga miseska tomic . . . . . . . . language maintenance and adaptation in the ohrid dialect of macedonian ilija casule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the interplay of the macedonian standard and dialects in a bilingual setting : macedonian language maintenance in australia roland schmieger . . . . . . . . . . the situation of the macedonian language in greece : sociolinguistic analysis book review jolanta mindak . . . . . . . . . . . . socjolingwistyka 12 ( 13 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
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1995,"Subject: syntax : j . quer , mood at the interface
 
 syntax new from holland academic graphics : mood at the interface by josep quer mood at the interface offers a unified study of the grammatical contribution of mood in the whole spectrum of subordination . the basic hypothesis of the work is that indicative / subjunctive alternations constitute the overt marking of a shift in the model where a prop - osition is evaluated . it is shown that such an account in terms of mood shift succeeds in providing a wide empirical coverage for this rather murky domain and supplies a strong argument for the interac - tion of this verbal category with the different components of the grammar . the study concentrates on romance languages , with special emphasis on catalan and spanish . contents : 1 . subjunctive a dependent mood 2 . subjunctive types and argument clauses 3 . mood and the interpretation of relative clauses 4 . free relatives and free choice readings 5 . adjuncts as restrictors : mood shifts in concessives and concessive conditionals 6 . concluding remarks 1998 . xvi + 296 pp . isbn 90-5569 - 044 - 9 . paperback . [ lot international series 1 . uil ots dissertation . ] price for individuals ordering directly from hag : nlg 46 , 20 ( excl . p&p and vat ) . holland academic graphics , the hague < http : / / www . hag . nl > rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
",0
1996,"Subject: salt 9 call for papers
 
 salt 9 - call for papers semantics and linguistic theory ninth annual meeting university of california , santa cruz february 19-21 , 1999 salt 9 invites submissions for 30 - minute presentations ( with 10 additional minutes for discussion ) on any topic in the semantic analysis of natural language emphasizing the connection to linguistic theory . authors should submit 10 copies of abstracts , no more than 2 pages ( 1000 words ) long . authors ' names , address , affiliation , status ( faculty / student ) , phone number and e-mail address , paper title , and list of prior or planned presentations at other conferences should accompany the abstracts on a 3x5 card . e - mail and fax submissions cannot be accepted . deadline for receipt of abstracts is monday , november 2 , 1998 . the program will be announced in december 1998 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - guidelines : salt does not accept papers that by the time of the conference have appeared or have been accepted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal . preference will be given to presentations not duplicated at other major conferences ( including lsa , nels , wccfl , etc . ) . authors are asked to indicate prior or planned presentations of their papers on the abstract submission card . any person can submit at most one abstract as sole author and a second abstract as co-author or two abstracts as co-author . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - send abstracts to : salt 9 organizing committee department of linguistics university of california , santa cruz 1156 high street santa cruz , ca 95064 usa further announcements will be made as the conference approaches . inquiries are welcome to the address above , or e-mail to salt9 @ ling . ucsc . edu . the conference web site is accessible at http : / / ling . ucsc . edu / salt9 . html proceedings of salt are in general available from books @ plab . dmll . cornell . edu . for the proceedings of salt 2 , write to lingadm @ ling . ohio-state . edu .
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1997,"Subject: bls call for papers
 
 call for papers the berkeley linguistics society is pleased to announce its twenty - fifth annual meeting , to be held february 13-15 , 1998 . the conference will consist of a general session and a parasession on saturday and sunday , followed by a special session on monday . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * general session : the general session will cover all areas of general linguistic interest . invited speakers carol fowler , haskins laboratories , univ . of connecticut , yale univ . stephen levinson , max planck institut fr psycholinguistik , nijmegen bjrn lindblom , univ . of stockholm and univ . of texas , austin alec marantz , massachusetts institute of technology * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * parasession : loan word phenomena the parasession invites papers on loan word phenomena from various theoretical , historical , sociolinguistic , and typological perspectives , as well as descriptive works and field reports . areas of interest include stratification of the lexicon and loan word 's ubgrammars ' , re-lexification , the role of orthography , markedness effects , second-language acquisition , child language , bilingualism and code-switching , etc . invited speakers ellen broselow , state university of new york , stony brook garland cannon , texas a&m university junko ito & armin mester , university of california , santa cruz * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * special session : issues in caucasian , dravidian and turkic linguistics the special session will feature research on caucasian , dravidian and turkic languages . papers addressing both diachronic and synchronic issues are welcome . potential topics include theoretical and descriptive accounts of structural features , writing systems and transcription problems , language reform , and the reconstruction of the respective proto - languages , including the question of altaic linguistic unity . invited speakers johanna nichols , university of california , berkeley k . p . mohanan , national university of singapore ( turkic specialist tba ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * we encourage proposals from diverse theoretical frameworks and welcome papers from related disciplines , such as anthropology , cognitive science , computer science , literature , philosophy , and psychology . papers presented at the conference will be published in the society 's proceedings , and authors who present papers agree to provide camera-ready copy ( not to exceed 12 pages ) by may 15 , 1999 . presentations will be allotted 20 minutes with 10 minutes for questions . we ask that you make your abstract as specific as possible , including a statement of your topic or problem , your approach , and your conclusions . please send 10 copies of an anonymous one-page ( 8 1 / 2 "" x 11 "" , unreduced ) abstract . a second page , or reverse side of the single page , may be used for data and references only . along with the abstract send a 3 "" x5 "" card listing : ( 1 ) paper title , ( 2 ) session ( general , parasession , or special ) , ( 3 ) for general session abstracts only , subfield , viz . , discourse analysis , historical linguistics , morphology , philosophy and methodology of linguistics , phonetics , phonology , pragmatics , psycholinguistics , semantics , sociolinguistics , or syntax , ( 4 ) name ( s ) of author ( s ) , ( 5 ) affiliation ( s ) of author ( s ) , ( 6 ) address to which notification of acceptance or rejection should be mailed ( in november 1998 ) , ( 7 ) author 's office and home phone numbers , ( 8 ) author 's e-mail address , if available . an author may submit at most one single and one joint abstract . in case of joint authorship , one address should be designated for communication with bls . send abstracts to : bls 25 abstracts committee , 1203 dwinelle hall , university of california , berkeley , ca 94720 . abstracts must be received by 4 : 00 p . m . , november 2 , 1998 . we may be contacted by e-mail at bls @ socrates . berkeley . edu . electronic abstract submission : via e-mail . only those abstracts written in english ascii will be accepted . please do not send attachments . electronic submissions may be sent to bls @ socrates . berkeley . edu . more information on e-mail submission and additional guidelines for abstracts can be found at our web site http : / / faust . linguistics . berkeley . edu / bls / . we will not accept faxed abstracts . registration fees : before february 5 , 1999 ; $ 15 for students , $ 30 for non-students ; after february 7 , 1997 ; $ 20 for students , $ 35 for non-students .
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1998,"Subject: comparative and general grammar , syntax and semantics
 
 syntax & semantics butt , miriam ( university of konstanz ) and geuder , wilhelm ( university of tuebingen ) ; the projection of arguments ; isbn : 1-57586 - 110 - 0 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 111 - 9 ( cloth ) ; 366 pp . csli publications 1998 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu it is becoming increasingly clear that the classic approach to linking which accounts for the projection of arguments into the syntax in terms of thematic roles ( and / or some kind of lexical decomposition ) , has some serious shortcomings . this volume sets out to explore possible alternatives , which call into question the assumption that projection is rigidly determined by fixed lexical entries . coming from varied backgrounds , the papers collected here converge on the general hypothesis that many semantic factors which influence the projection of arguments should instead be attributed to compositional and combinatorial processes . proposals are presented for reassessment of the lexicon-syntax interface that include models of building up variants of lexical meanings in a flexible manner , as well as models where much of the putative role of lexical entries is supplanted by the structural context , in particular by functional projections . among the topics addressed are questions of argument hierarchies and adicity of predicates , and the syntax and semantics of argument alternations in a set of very diverse languages which include english , dutch , scottish gaelic , finnish , hebrew , kannada , malay , greenlandic eskimo , and yaqui . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166
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1999,"Subject: context-99 : call for papers
 
 context-99 2nd international and interdisciplinary conference on modeling and using context trento , italy , september 9-11 , 1999 . http : / / www . cs . unitn . it / context-99 / the importance of the notion of context is widely acknowledged , as evidenced by the numerous workshops , symposia and seminars on context held in the last few years . the second international and interdisciplinary conference on modeling and using context aims at providing a high quality forum for discussion on context among researchers active in artificial intelligence , cognitive science , computer science , linguistics , philosophy , and psychology . topics of interest the following topics , in which contexts can be studied and / or applied , are meant to be suggestive of the scope of the the conference : animated characters cognitive modeling commonsense reasoning communication constraint - based reasoning databases and active databases data mining decision support systems diagnostic reasoning dynamics of context formal theories of context propositional attitudes heterogeneous information integration information management intelligent tutoring systems knowledge engineering knowledge representation machine learning multi - agent systems natural language processing natural language semantics pattern recognition philosophical foundations pragmatics temporal reasoning spatial reasoning interdisciplinary character context ' 99 is meant to provide an interdisciplinary forum . all submissions , in addition to being evaluated for their technical and theoretical merit , will be evaluated for their ability to be accessible to an interdisciplinary community . works that transcend their disciplinary boundaries are encouraged . submission of papers participants will be selected on the basis of submitted papers ( 10 single-spaced a4 pages maximum ) by three referees at least . papers must include in the first page : title , author 's name ( s ) , affiliation , complete mailing address , phone number , fax number , e-mail address , an abstract of 300 words maximum , and up to five keywords . electronic submission ( compressed / zipped / gzipped standard postscript file under the name first-author . ps ) is strongly encouraged ; alternatively , authors may send five hardcopies of the paper via surface mail . submitted papers should arrive to the conference chair no later than march 30 , 1999 . patrick brezillion context ' 99 conference chair , lip6 , box 169 , university paris vi , 4 , place jussieu , f-75252 paris cedex 05 , france e - mail : patrick . brezillon @ lip6 . fr important dates submission deadline : march 30 , 1999 notification of acceptance : may 21 , 1999 deadline for final papers : june 11 , 1999 conference : sept . 9-11 , 1999 further information the proceedings of the conference will be published by an international publisher and distributed at the conference . proposals for tutorials and workshops should be sent to the conference chair by december 24 , 1998 . programme committee aamodt a . ( norway ) kodratoff y . ( france ) abu - hakima s . ( canada ) kokinov b . ( bulgaria ) akman v . ( turkey ) maybury m . t . ( usa ) bonzon p . ( switzerland ) moulin b . ( canada ) castelfranchi c . ( italy ) noriega p . ( spain ) cavalcanti m . ( brazil ) paris c . ( australia ) chandrasekaran b . ( usa ) penco c . ( italy ) dichev c . ( bulgaria ) perry j . ( usa ) edmonds b . ( uk ) pomerol j . - ch . ( france ) fauconnier g . ( usa ) raccah p . y . ( france ) fisher m . ( uk ) rastier f . ( france ) frasson c . ( canada ) shahar y . ( usa ) gabbay d . ( uk ) sharma n . ( usa ) gaines b . ( canada ) singh m . ( usa ) giunchiglia e . ( italy ) tiberghien g . ( france ) giunchiglia f . ( italy ) thomason r . ( usa ) guha r . ( usa ) turner r . ( usa ) hayes p . ( usa ) widmer g . ( austria ) hayes - roth b . ( usa ) wilson d . ( uk ) hollnagel e . ( denmark ) young robert ( usa ) iwanska l . ( usa ) young roger ( uk ) organizing committee conference chair patrick brezillon lip6 , box 169 , university paris vi , 4 , place jussieu , f-75252 paris cedex 05 ( france ) e - mail : patrick . brezillon @ lip6 . fr programme co-chairs paolo bouquet luciano serafini university of trento , itc-irst , trento ( italy ) trento ( italy ) e - mail : bouquet @ cs . unitn . it e - mail : serafini @ irst . itc . it publicity chair massimo benerecetti university of trento , trento ( italy ) e - mail : bene @ cs . unitn . it local arrangements chair francesca castellani university of trento , trento ( italy ) e - mail : fcastell @ gelso . unitn . it - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - massimo benerecetti e-mail : bene @ cs . unitn . it ph . d . student www : http : / / www . cs . unitn . it / ~ bene disa - universita ` di trento tel . : + 39 0461 882322 via inama 5 , i-38100 , trento , italy fax : + 39 0461 882124
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2000,"Subject: tmi-99
 
 8th international conference on theoretical and methodological issues in machine translation tmi-99 august 23-25 , 1999 chester , uk preliminary announcement and call for papers the eighth conference in the tmi series will take place over august 23-25 , 1999 in the historic city of chester , uk . in addition to general theoretical and methodological issues , tmi-99 will have a major theme : modalities and mt : where can mt be used ? submissions referring to the above theme are encouraged . however , substantial , original , and unpublished research on any other issues relevant to machine translation are also welcome . proposals are also solicited for one day workshops ( see below ) . details on submissions and submission guidelines , along with a latex style file , will be put up on a web site in the near future . papers should be in english , not longer than 10 pages ( around 5 , 000 words ) . important dates paper submissions march 12 , 1999 acceptance notification may 14 , 1999 final copies due july 2 , 1999 conference dates tutorials : aug 22 , 1999 papers and panels : aug 23-25 , 1999 workshops : aug 26 , 1999 conference site the conference meetings will be held at chester college , in the city of chester uk . call for workshop proposals proposals are solicited for one-day workshops addressing specific issues of interest in machine translation . if you would like to organize a workshop , send your proposals before november 30 , 1998 to the program chair < bond @ cslab . kecl . ntt . co . jp > . the proposal should include the theme and goal of the workshop , the planned activities , and a list of potential participants . tmi-99 officers : program chair : francis bond , ntt cs labs , kyoto local chairs : harold somers and arturo trujillo , umist , manchester general chair : sergei nirenburg , nmsu , las cruces nm program committee : laurie gerber ( systran , usa ) emmanuel planas ( geta , france ) melanie siegel ( dfki , germany ) stephen beale ( crl , usa ) kevin knight ( isi , usa ) kentaro ogura ( ntt , japan ) masahiko haruno ( atr , japan ) hiromi nakaiwa ( ntt , japan ) key - sun choi ( kaist , korea ) terumasa ehara ( nhk japan ) kristiina jokkinen ( atr , japan ) graham wilcox ( umist , uk ) please address any further enquiries to the program chair : francis bond < bond @ cslab . kecl . ntt . co . jp > machine translation research group ntt communication science laboratories 2 - 4 hikari - dai , seika - cho , soraku - gun , kyoto , japan , 619-0237 tel : 0774-93 - 5313 ( + 81 ) fax : 0774-93 - 5345 ( + 81 )
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2001,"Subject: conference on the french verb
 
 a u c o m m e n c e m e n t e t a i t l e v e r b e . . . a one-day international conference on the morphology , syntax , and semantics of the french verb at the maison francaise d ' oxford norham road , oxford , uk saturday , 28 november , 1998 , 1000 - 1700 sponsored by st . catherine 's college , oxford , the society for french studies , and the association for french language studies papers include : absolutely perfect : what is the status of the futur anterieur ? dulcie engel ( university of wales , swansea ) inflectional ambiguities : a feature-checking approach michael allan jones ( university of essex ) the selfish morpheme : the history of the perfect root in french ( and occitan ) martin maiden ( university of oxford ) the syntactic and semiotic status of direct quotes maj-britt mosegaard-hansen ( university of copenhagen ) la semantique du passe compose en francais contemporain : pour une representation unifiee marie-eve ritz ( university of western australia ) does french have a relative past tense ? raphael salkie ( university of brighton ) le statut de la forme zero du complement d ' objet direct en francais moderne lene schosler ( university of copenhagen ) the modality conspiracy john charles smith ( university of oxford ) there will be a conference fee of # 16 ( students # 10 ) , which includes lunch , morning coffee , and afternoon tea . it is hoped to arrange an informal dinner ( at extra cost ) after the conference for those interested . cheques , made payable to "" st . catherine 's college "" should be sent to john charles smith , at the address below . for further details , contact : john charles smith , st . catherine ' s college , oxford ox1 3uj , uk email : johncharles . smith @ stcatz . ox . ac . uk
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2002,"Subject: anaphora resolution - - special issue of machine translation journal
 
 call for papers the machine translation journal special issue on anaphora resolution in machine translation guest editor : ruslan mitkov ( university of wolverhampton ) the interpretation of anaphora is crucial for the successful operation of a machine translation system . in particular , it is essential to resolve the anaphoric relation when translating into languages which mark the gender of pronouns . unfortunately , the majority of mt systems developed in the seventies and eighties did not adequately address the problems of identifying the antecedents of anaphors in the source language and producing the anaphoric "" equivalents "" in the target language . as a consequence , only a limited number of mt systems have been successful in translating discourse , rather than isolated sentences . one reason for this situation is that in addition to anaphora resolution being itself a very complicated task , translation adds a further dimension to the problem in that the reference to a discourse entity encoded by a source language anaphor by the speaker ( or writer ) has not only to be identified by the hearer ( translator or translation system ) but also re-encoded in a coreferential expression in a different language . the nineties have seen an intensification of research efforts in anaphora resolution in machine translation . this can be seen in the growing number of related projects which have reported promising new results ( e . g . wada 1990 ; leass & schwall 1991 ; nakaiwa & ikehara 1992 ; chen 1992 ; saggion & carvalho 1994 ; preu _ et al . 1994 ; nakaiwa et al . 1994 ; nakaiwa et al . 1995 ; nakaiwa & ikehara 1995 ; mitkov et al . 1995 ; mitkov et al . 1997 ) . however , we still feel that additional work is needed to highlight and further explore the specifics of the problem in operational mt environments , including fully automatic machine translation and machine - aided translation . we are inviting high-quality , original research papers describing recent advances in anaphora resolution in machine translation . topics to be addressed include ( but are not limited to ) - operational anaphora resolution components in machine translation - resolution of zero pronouns in mt environments - lexical transfer of anaphors across languages - to what extent have the latest trends towards knowledge-poor , corpus - driven and robust approaches in anaphora resolution , been called upon in machine translation ? - what are the most scalable contributory factors / resolution strategies in mt ? - what makes anaphora resolution a more complex task in machine translation ? submission and format articles should be submitted directly to the publishers , either by e-mail to ellen . klink @ wkap . nl , with the subject header "" submission to coat anaphora special issue "" , or in hard-copy to machine translation editorial office kluwer academic publishers p . o . box 990 3300 az dordrecht the netherlands or machine translation editorial office kluwer academic publishers p . o . box 230 accord , ma 02018-023 u . s . a . the submission deadline is 15 may 1997 . the journal is typeset using latex , so the preferred medium for submission of articles in electronic format is latex source ( using the kluwer style file ) or gzipped postscript . for more details , please consult the journal 's web pages : home page : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / journalhome . htm / 0922-6567 instructions for authors : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / kaphtml . htm / ifa0922-6567 latex style files : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / jrnlstyle . htm / 0922-6567 if submitting hard-copy , four copies of the paper are required . the length of the papers should be approximately 10-20 pages if using the kluwer style file ( around 20k words ) . authors are also requested to send a copy of an abstract of not more than 200 words to the guest editor r . mitkov @ wlv . ac . uk or in hard-copy to ruslan mitkov , school of languages and european studies , university of wolverhampton , stafford st . , wolverhampton wv1 1sb , united kingdom . guest editor : ruslan mitkov school of languages and european studies university of wolverhampton stafford st . wolverhampton wv1 1sb telephone ( 44-1902 ) 322471 fax ( 44-1902 ) 322739 email r . mitkov @ wlv . ac . uk guest editorial board : breck baldwin ( university of pennsylvania , philadelphia ) david carter ( sri international , cambridge ) guenter goerz ( university of nuernberg / erlangen ) lynette hirschman ( mitre , mclean ) richard kittredge ( university of montreal ) susan luperfoy ( mitre , mclean ) tony mcenery ( lancaster university ) ruslan mitkov ( university of wolverhampton ) frederique segond ( ranx xerox , grenoble ) harold somers ( umist , manchester ) keh - yih su ( national tsing hua university , taiwan ) yorick wilks ( university of sheffield )
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2003,"Subject: comparative romance linguistics - mla discussion group
 
 mla ' 98 ( comparative romance linguistics discussion group ) first call for papers modern language association 1998 convention comparative romance linguistics discussion group san francisco , california 27-30 december 1998 deadline for abstracts : march 1 1998 the comparative romance linguistics discussion group is sponsoring its annual session at the mla 1998 convention . abstracts are invited for 20 - minute talks in all areas of romance linguistics . one - page blind abstracts ( one inch margins , typeface no smaller than 12 ) accompanied by a card with the presenter 's name , address , telephone number , fax number , and e-mail address should be sent to : sonia colina department of languages and literatures arizona state university main campus , po box 870202 tempe , az 85287-0202 , usa ph ( 602 ) 965-4649 fax ( 602 ) 965-0135 e-mail : scolina @ asu . edu faxed and e-mail submissions will be accepted but should be followed up by a hard-copy submission .
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2004,"Subject: naccl-11 conference announcement
 
 the 11th north america conference on chinese linguistics naccl-11 announcement 1 naccl-11 organizing committee chinese lauguage program dept . of east asian languages & civilizations harvard university dear colleagues , we are pleased to announce that harvard university will be hosting the eleventh north american conference on chinese linguistics ( naccl-11 ) , june 18-20 , 1999 . we hope that you will reserve these dates on your calendar and join us for another informative conference . naccl-11 welcomes papers on a wide variety of topics , such as historical linguistics , phonology , syntax , semantics , discourse / pragmatics , sociolinguistics , computational-linguistics , psycholinguistics , and language acquisition . our goals are to provide participants with an opportunity to present their works in chinese linguistics and to keep up with recent developments in the field . please send your camera ready abstract to the organizing committee no later than december 15 , 1998 ; noting your name , contact address ( both mailing and email ) , and affiliation , plus four anonymous copies . abstracts may be written in english or chinese and should be limited to one page only with size 12 font . we cannot accept abstracts sent by email or fax . notifications of acceptance of papers will be sent out by march 15 , 1999 . registration and a preliminary program will be sent out in january 1999 , and will be available to be downloaded from our website at that time . the deadline for pre-registration is may 15 , 1999 , us $ 55 ( us $ 45 for students ) . the registration fees after this date will be us $ 65 ( us $ 55 for students ) . all submissions and communications should be sent to : naccl-11 organizing committee east asian languages and civilizations harvard university 5 bryant street cambridge , ma 02138 email : clp @ fas . harvard . edu we are looking forward to having this conference and the ensuing exchange of ideas that will benefit the study of chinese language . sincerely , he baozhang for the 1999 naccl-11 organizing committee sep 16 , 1998
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2005,"Subject: austronesian linguistics
 
 marian klamer a grammar of kambera 1998 . 24 x 16 cm . xv , 448 pages . cloth dm 318 , - / approx . us $ 199 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 016187 - 7 mouton grammar library 18 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this volume presents the first detailed , systematic and comprehensive description of the phonology , morphology and syntax of kambera , a polysynthetic austronesian ( central malayo - polynesian ) language spoken by approximately 150 . 000 speakers on the island of sumba in eastern indonesia . although this language has drawn the attention of missionaries and anthropologists for over a century , up to now no systematic account of the structure of this language has been available . the study is based on primary language data , gathered by the author during fieldwork on sumba . starting out from a detailed analysis of kambera phonology , the study focusses on the morphology ; a detailed discussion of the morpho-syntactic properties of kambera is included . while an explictly theoretical approach has been avoided , insights from various grammatical theories are used to elucidate the structure of the language . the analyses are accessible to linguists of all theoretical persuasions . the grammar is richly illustrated with examples , most of which are taken from actual discourse . an appendix provides a selection of kambera texts . an index for easy reference completes the volume . this an important contribution to austronesian linguistics as well as to language typology and to general linguistic theory . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
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2006,"Subject: grammaticalization / romance ling
 
 mario squartini verbal periphrases in romance aspect , actionality , and grammaticalization 1998 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xi , 372 pages cloth dm 218 , - / approx . us $ 136 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 016160 - 5 empirical approaches to language typology 21 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york focusing on the interplay of aspect and actionality ( aktionsart ) in the grammaticalization process , this monographs presents a detailed synchronic and diachronic examination of the semantics of various romance verbal periphrases . it is shown that as a verbal periphrasis is being grammaticalized , actional restrictions are gradually loosened , and the semantics shifts from the domain of actionality to that of aspect . these processes are important both for an understanding of the romance data and , more importantly , for a general understanding of the historical development of aspect . given the usually one-way nature of grammaticalization processes , this volume provides a more powerful tool for plotting directions of change where direct historical evidence is lacking . based on extensive corpora , the work covers a wide range of romance ` aspectual ' periphrases , thus also providing an important database for several romance languages , including dialects and regional varieties , and periods . introductory descriptions of the relevant periphrases and complete english translations of all examples are provided , thus making the book equally accessible to romance specialists and to general linguists . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
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2007,"Subject: sociolinguistics
 
 michael g . smith language and power in the creation of the ussr 1917 - - 1953 1998 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . vii , 294 pages cloth dm 178 , - / approx . us $ 111 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 016197 - 4 contributions to the sociology of language 80 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this is the first comprehensive history of language planning in the ussr , covering the formative period under lenin and stalin . based on party and state archival materials only recently made available , it explores the tension between linguistic russification and nativization of the soviet experience . the author argues that from the moment of its greatest victory in the russian revolution to the difficult days of reconstruction after world war ii , the government was locked into a hegemonic imperative which required a measure of dependence upon the rural russians and peripheral non - russian peoples as much as domination over them . language issues help to understand how the soviet state structure was a machine of centrifugal , as well as centripetal , force . to prove this point , the author examines such unprecedented initiatives as the simplification of the russian spelling system ; the ` latinization ' of the arabic alphabets of the muslim peoples ; and the reform of school grammars and teaching curriculums . he also offers new interpretations about the various linguistic trends which informed these projects , from g . g . shpet 's remarkable ` structural ' phenomenology , to n . ia marr 's ` marxist ' school of linguistics , to stalin 's infamous linguistic essay of 1950 . he reveals how the communist party micro-managed language reform in muslim central asia , and how it dealt with decades of failure rates on the countrywide russian language examinations . the result is an original reading of sociolinguistics and soviet history , weaving together the scientific contributions of linguists , the political imperatives of the party-state , and the everyday responses of various social and ethnic groups . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
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2008,"Subject: second language teaching : reading , writing & discourse
 
 22-25 june 1999 conference on second language teaching : reading , writing and discourse venue : hong kong university of science and technology ( 22-23 june 1999 ) guangdong university of foreign studies ( 24-25 june 1999 ) plenary speakers : professor ann johns ( san diego state university ) , professor kensaku yoshida ( sophia university , tokyo ) abstracts to be received by 22 december 1998 early bird registration by 15 march 1999 registration by 29 may 1999 for further information , please visit our conference web-site : http : / / lc . ust . hk / ~ centre / 99conf . html
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2009,"Subject: midamerica ling conf 98
 
 the schedule for the midamerica linguistics conference , to be held at southern illinois university at edwardsville october 23 - 4 has now been set . information on the conference can be found at < http : / / www . siu . edu / departments / cola / ling01 / midamerica98 > , and the tentative schedule can be found at < http : / / www . siu . edu / departments / cola / ling01 / schedule . html > geoff nathan geoffrey s . nathan department of linguistics southern illinois university at carbondale , carbondale , il , 62901 usa phone : + 618 453-3421 ( office ) fax + 618 453-6527 + 618 549-0106 ( home )
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2010,"Subject: konvens98
 
 konvens 98 computer , linguistik und phonetik zwischen sprache und sprechen - computers , linguistics , and phonetics between language and speech 4 . konferenz zur verarbeitung natuerlicher sprache - 4th conference on natural language processing oct . 5 - 7 , 1998 , university of bonn , germany http : / / www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / konvens98 organized by : gesellschaft fuer linguistische datenverarbeitung ( gldv ) ( responsible in 1998 ) deutsche gesellschaft fuer sprachwissenschaft ( dgfs ) gesellschaft fuer informatik ( gi ) , fa 1 . 3 "" natuerliche sprache "" informationstechnische gesellschaft / deutsche gesellschaft fuer akustik ( itg / dega ) oesterreichische gesellschaft fuer artificial intelligence ( oegai ) call for participation subjects of the conference are all areas of language processing dealing with language in its written or spoken form . special attention will be paid to approaches focussing on the structural and the phonological / phonetic aspects of computer-aided / based language research and aimed at bridging the gap between both aspects . conference languages are german and english . programme * * * monday , oct . , 5 1998 9 : 00 a . m . - 1 : 00 p . m . tutorials : christian otto : sprachtechnologie fuer das internet ( participants of the conference who would like to attend the tutorial are asked to send a short message to the conference office ( konvens98 @ uni-bonn . de ) . ) 2 : 00 p . m . opening 2 : 30 - 4 : 00 p . m . section 1 : prosody kai alter , k . steinhauer , a . d . friederici , j . matiasek , h . pirker : exploiting syntactic dependencies for german prosody : evidence from speech production and perception erhard rank , hannes pirker : realization of prosody in a speech synthesizer for german maria wolters , petra wagner : focus perception and prominence 2 : 30 - 4 : 00 p . m . workshop : evaluation of the linguistic performance of commercial machine translation systems part 1 : results of the evaluation of commercial machine translation systems rita nuebel , uta seewald : zur relevanz linguistisch orientierter evaluationen grundlagen des vom ak "" maschinelle uebersetzung "" der gldv initiierten evaluationsverfahrens stephan mehl , martin volk : zur problematik der maschinellen uebersetzung von nebensaetzen zwischen den sprachen englisch und deutsch ulrike ulrich : probleme bei der maschinellen uebersetzung mit domaenentypischen sprachlichen phaenomenen von appellativen texten mit kommerzieller intention ( internetseiten der hotelbranche ) 4 : 15 - 4 : 45 p . m . workshop : part 1 ( continued ) rita nuebel : phaenomenspezifische evaluation maschineller uebersetzung am beispiel von koordinationen workshop part 2 : methods and tools of mt evaluation judith klein , sabine lehmann : mue - evaluation mit diet joerg schuetz : blueprint : evaluation im usability lab 4 : 30 - 6 : 00 p . m . section 2 : grammar engineering brigitte krenn : a representation scheme and database for german support - verb constructions jonas kuhn : towards data - intensive testing and applications of a broad coverage lfg grammar partial target specifications as a filter on parser output stefan mehl , hagen langer , martin volk : statistische verfahren zur zuordnung von praepositionalphrasen 6 : 15 p . m . plenary session manfred pinkal : von der sprachphilosophie zur sprachtechnologie stand und perspektiven der semantischen verarbeitung 7 : 30 p . m . reception * * * tuesday , oct . , 6 1998 09 : 0010 : 30 a . m . section 3 : speech recognition / synthesis thomas portele : grapheme to phoneme conversion for speech synthesis tanja schultz , alex waibel : das projekt globalphone : multilinguale spracherkennung christian - m . westendorf , m . wolff : automatische generierung von aussprachewoerterbuechern aus signaldaten 09 : 0010 : 30 a . m . workshop part 3 : results of the evaluation of commercial machine translation systems uta seewald : textsortenspezifische evaluation maschineller uebersetzung am beispiel von instruktionstexten martin volk : probleme bei der maschinellen uebersetzung von idiomatischen wendungen jutta marx : bewertung von mt - systemen aus benutzersicht : evaluierung im projekt miroslav 11 : 00 a . m . - 12 : 00 plenary session gerrit bloothooft : a european masters in language and speech 12 : 00 - 1 : 00 p . m . presentation of posters posters see below 2 : 00 - 3 : 00 p . m . section 4 : parsing hagen langer : experimente mit verallgemeinerten lookahead - algorithmen stefan riezler : statistical inference and probabilistic modeling for constraint - based nlp 2 : 003 : 00 p . m . workshop part 4 : reports from industrial users carmen andres lange : erfahrungen mit logos ursula bernhard : bemerkungen zur evaluation maschineller uebersetzungssysteme aus anwendersicht 3 : 305 : 00 p . m . section 5 : dialogue and semantics bernd ludwig , guenther goerz , heinrich niemann : user models , dialog structure , and intentions in spoken dialog manfred stede , stefan haas , uwe kuessner : understanding and tracking temporal descriptions in dialogue bernhard schroeder : unifikation hoeherer ordnung und strikte syntaktische abhaengigkeit 3 : 305 : 30 p . m . workshop teil 5 : evaluation from provider and user perspective margaret king : evaluation design : the eagles framework juergen kinscher : vor - und nachteile elektronischer uebersetzungshilfen und uebersetzungsprogramme , von der textbausteinsammlung bis zur automatischen voll | bersetzung hans haller : maschinelle ( roh - ) uebersetzung als vorlage bei einer fachtextuebersetzung : bericht | ber ein experiment rita nuebel , uta seewald : resuemee und ausblick auf weitere evaluationsaktivitaeten 5 : 00 - 6 : 00 p . m . poster forum * * * wednesday , oct . , 7 1998 9 : 0010 : 30 a . m . section 6 : grammar and tagging kordula de kuthy , walt detmar meurers : reducing the complexity of a theory of unbounded dependencies : evidence against remnant movement in german stefan langer : zur morphologie und semantik von nominalkomposita martin volk , gerold schneider : comparing a statistical and a rule - based tagger for german 9 : 0010 : 30 a . m . section 7 : translation and generation munpyo hong : treating the multiple - subject construction in a constraint - based mt - system juergen wedekind : probleme der ambiguitaetserhaltenden generierung 11 : 00 a . m . 12 : 00 section 8 : phonetics and psycholinguistics reinhard rapp : das kontiguitaetsprinzip und die simulation des assoziierens auf mehrere stimuluswoerter adrian p . simpson : characterizing the formant movements of german dipthongs in spontaneous speech 11 : 00 a . m . - 12 : 00 section 9 : information retrieval michael hess : antwortextraktion ueber beschraenkten bereichen t . kemp , m . weber , p . geutner , j . guertler , p . scheytt , m . schmidt , b . tomaz , m . westphal : automatische erstellung einer video - datenbank : das view4you - system 12 . 00 ( noon ) plenary session n . n . 13 . 00 p . m . closing session posters istvan s . batori , krisztian nemeth , holger puttkammer : lautrepraesentation in etymologischen woerterbuechern anhand der uralischen etymologischen datenbasis gregor buechel : ein www - gef | hrtes system zur datenbankgestuetzten segmentierung von satzteilen und zur analyse praepositionaler phrasen karl ulrich goecke , jan - torsten milde : situations - und aktionsbeschreibungen durch einen teilautonomen montageroboter johannes heinecke , ingo schroeder : multilevel representation of the robust analysis of language alexandra klein , matthias e . koelln , soenke ziesche : towards generating dialogue contributions under resource constraints jacques koreman , bistra andreeva , william j . barry : die abbildung akustischer parameter auf phonetische merkmale in der automatischen spracherkennung doris muecke : cmc : prosodische und extralinguistische notationsformen in textbasierten konferenzsystemen sandro pedrazzini , pius ten hacken : centralized lexeme management and distributed dictionary use in word manager barbertje streefkerk , louis c . w . pols : prominence in read aloud dutch sentences as marked by naive listeners petra wagner : mutual constraints at the phonetics - phonology - interface exhibition parallel to the conference there will be a book and industry exhibition . local organizers prof . dr . wolfgang hess prof . dr . winfried lenders dr . thomas portele dr . bernhard schroeder programme committee dr . ernst buchberger , wien ( oegai ) dr . stefan busemann , saarbruecken ( gi ) prof . dr . dafydd gibbon , bielefeld ( dgfs ) prof . dr . wolfgang hoeppner , duisburg ( gi ) prof . dr . roland hausser , erlangen ( gldv ) prof . dr . wolfgang hess , bonn ( itg / dega ) prof . dr . r . hoffmann , dresden ( itg / dega ) dr . tibor kiss , heidelberg ( dgfs ) prof . dr . winfried lenders , bonn ( gldv ) dr . harald trost ( oegai ) conference office gisela von neffe institut fuer kommunikationsforschung und phonetik der universitaet bonn poppelsdorfer allee 47 d-53115 bonn internet : http : / / www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / konvens98 / index . en . html email : konvens98 @ uni-bonn . de phone : + 49-228 - 735638 fax : + 49-228 - 735639 location konvens 98 will take place at the university of bonn 's central building , which is situated in the city 's centre , in walking distance from the main railway station . world wide web http : / / www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / konvens98 ( participants of the conference who would like to attend the tutorial are asked to send a short message to the conference office ( konvens98 @ uni-bonn . de . )
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2011,"Subject: twlt14 : language technology in multimedia information retrieval
 
 14th twente workshop on language technology language technology in multimedia information retrieval december 7 - 8 1998 , university of twente , the netherlands program and call for participation on 7 and 8 december 1998 , the fourteenth international twente workshop on language technology ( twlt14 ) will take place at the university of twente , enschede , the netherlands . the topic of this workshop will be "" language technology in multimedia information retrieval "" twlt14 will focus on the increasingly important role of human language technology in the indexing and accessing of written and spoken documents , video material and / or images , and on the role of language technology for cross-language retrieval and information extraction . the workshop will address the role of language and speech processing both in terms of existing approaches and implementations , in terms of theoretical foundations , and / or emerging directions of research . program : monday 7 december 09 : 00 registration 10 : 00 opening session 1 : cross - language ir 10 : 15 hans uszkoreit , dfki ( multilinguality / mulinex ) 10 : 45 paul buitelaar / klaus netter , dfki ( mietta ) 11 : 15 break 11 : 30 franciska de jong / djoerd hiemstra , university of twente ( twenty - one ) 12 : 00 david hull , xerox grenoble ( clir ) 12 : 30 lunch session 2 : nlp , ie / ir and multimedia 14 : 00 arjen de vries , university of twente ( querying multimedia databases ) 14 : 30 doug appelt , sri ( nl + ie ) 15 : 00 break + demos 16 : 00 paul van der vet , university of twente ( domain modelling ) 16 : 30 karen sparck - jones , cambridge university ( nl + ir ) 17 : 30 drinks tuesday 8 december session 3 : video and image processing 09 : 00 stanley peters , stanford university ( tools and methods ) 09 : 30 andres salway / khursid ahmad , university of surrey ( video indexing ) 10 : 00 wim van bruxvoort , vda ( subtitle processing / pop - eye / olive ) 10 : 30 break 11 : 00 istar buscher , swr ( euromedia ) 11 : 30 arnold smeulders ( language and image processing ) 12 : 00 kees van deemter ( picture retrieval ) 12 : 30 lunch session 4 : speech retrieval 14 : 00 martin wechsler , eth zurich 14 : 30 steve renals , university of sheffield ( thisl ) 15 : 00 wessel kraaij / joop van gent , tno-tpd ( das + ) 15 : 30 break 16 : 00 closing session the regular workshop fee is dfl . 175 , - and covers a copy of the proceedings , lunches , coffee and tea during the breaks , and an informal reception . students may apply for a reduced fee . the workshop secratariat can make hotel reservations . more information on the workshop as well as a registration form can be found at http : / / wwwseti . cs . utwente . nl / parlevink / conferences / twlt14 . html twlt14 is organised in cooperation with the parlevink - project of the university of twente by : klaus netter - dfki , germany email : netter @ dfki . de franciska de jong - university of twente , computer science department email : fdejong @ cs . utwente . nl djoerd hiemstra - university of twente , computer science department email : hiemstra @ cs . utwente . nl for further information please contact the organisers , preferably by email , or otherwise via the workshop secretariat : department of computer science / parlevink university of twente phone : + 31 53 4893680 p . o . box 217 , fax : + 31 53 4893503 7500 ae enschede the netherlands
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2012,"Subject: diachronic and synchronic studies of syntax of east asian languages
 
 a symposium on diachronic and synchronic studies of syntax of east asian languages november 6 - 8 , 1998 , at university of southern california preliminary program ( rooms to be announced later ) friday ( 11 / 6 ) 9 : 00 welcoming remarks 9 : 15-10 : 10 "" more on the distribution of negative nps "" james huang , university of california , irvine 10 : 10-11 : 05 "" on parametrizing existential quantification "" wei - tien dylan tsai , tsing hua university break 11 : 15-12 : 05 "" the category of ba in mandarin chinese "" yafei li , university of wisconsin , madison 12 : 05 - 1 : 00 "" the early history of the perfective construction "" tsu - lin mei , cornell university lunch break 2 : 00 - 2 : 55 "" classifiers and the count / mass distinction "" keiko muromatsu , mit 2 : 55 - 3 : 50 "" a synchronic and diachronic study of plurality in mandarin chinese "" audrey li , usc , and yuzhi shi , stanford university break 4 : 05 - 5 : 00 "" empty determiners and nominalization in east asia "" andrew simpson , soas 5 : 00 - 5 : 55 "" the functional structure of the noun phrase in korean "" james yoon , seoul national university 6 : 30 banquet saturday ( 11 / 7 ) 8 : 45 - 9 : 40 "" anaphoric relations in japanese : some preliminary remarks "" hajime hoji , usc 9 : 40-10 : 35 "" kare , a distal demonstrative or a third person pronoun ? "" yukinori takubo , kyusyu university break 10 : 45-11 : 40 "" on the relation between the deictic use and the non-deictic use of the japanese demonstratives "" satoshi kinsui , osaka university 11 : 40-12 : 35 "" two types of scrambling constructions in japanese "" ayumi ueyama , kyoto university of foreign studies lunch break 1 : 35 - 2 : 30 "" on irrealis in korean "" nam - kil kim , usc 2 : 30 - 3 : 25 "" person and evidentiality in japanese "" carol tenny , mit break 3 : 35 - 4 : 30 "" on the status of functional categories in korean "" hedon ahn , kon kuk university 4 : 30 - 5 : 25 "" causatives and scope ambiguity "" soowon kim , university of washington break 5 : 35 - 6 : 30 "" judgments , point of view and the interpretation of causee noun phrases "" s . - y . kuroda , ucsd sunday ( 11 / 8 ) 8 : 00 - 9 : 00 breakfast 9 : 00 - 9 : 55 "" a computational approach to case and word order in korean "" william o'grady , university of hawaii at manoa 9 : 55-10 : 50 "" anaphoric relations in covert syntax "" yoshihisa kitagawa , indiana university break 11 : 05-12 : 00 "" some historical considerations on place words in chinese "" alain peyraube , ehess-cnrs 12 : 00-12 : 55 "" proxy categories in phrase structure theory and the chinese vp "" waltraud paul , ehess-cnrs 12 : 55 - 1 : 50 "" adjuncts and word order typology in east asian languages "" tom ernst , rutgers university and temple university for further information , please contact : hajime hoji ( hoji @ usc . edu ) , audrey li ( audreyli @ usc . edu ) , or nam - kil kim ( nkim @ usc . edu ) .
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2013,"Subject: g . j . ramstedt , biography
 
 memoires de la societe finno - ougrienne vol . 229 : biliktu bakshi . the knowledgeable teacher . g . j . ramstedt 's career as a scholar , by harry halen . viii + 371 + 16 p . + 1 map . isbn 952-5150 - 16 - x ( pb . ) , 952-5150 - 17 - 8 ( hb . ) . gustaf john ramstedt ( 1873-1959 ) is one of the brightest stars in the history of finnish learning . almost entirely due to his own field research and the reliable material he gathered he became the pioneer of comparative altaic philology , virtually a new discipline . during his ten years in the far east , as charge d ' affaires of the newly independent finland , ramstedt became interested in the origins of korean . this little-studied field occupied him for the rest of his life even at the expense of projects which he had commenced earlier . the present work is intended as a short recapitulation of the main events of g . j . ramstedt 's multi-faceted life . for complete backlists see the society 's homepage at http : / / www . helsinki . fi / jarj / sus / e - mail orders to the bookstore "" tiedekirja "" , tiedekirja @ pp . kolumbus . fi
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2014,"Subject: syntax , semantics , & cognitive linguistics
 
 michel achard representation of cognitive structures syntax and semantics of french sentential complements 1998 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xii , 377 pages cloth dm 158 , - / approx . us $ 113 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 015760 - 8 cognitive linguistics research 11 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this book investigates french complementation and , more specifically , the distribution of infinitival and finite complements ( indicative and subjunctive ) in the following contexts : causation / perception , modal , sentential complement , and impersonal constructions . consistent with the principles of cognitive linguistics , it argues that the surface form of each construction reflects a specific cognitive organization , and that formal differences reflect conceptual differences . more specifically , it is shown that : ( i ) each complement form carries meaning , to be expressed in terms of the cognitive organization it specifically codes , and ( ii ) the distribution of these forms with the different main verbs is a function of the semantic compatibility between two meaningful expressions . the cognitive grammar position expressed in langacker ( 1987 , 1991 ) states that the use of a particular linguistic form by speakers reflects their choice to express their conceptualization in a particular way . the meaning of a linguistic expression is therefore best described as the partial construal it imposes on the scene it describes . in this book , the meaning of complement constructions is analyzed in terms of the specific way in which they structure the subordinate scene . competing constructions represent alternative construals of the scene . the solution proposed in this book departs from existing analyses in three major ways . first , it accounts at the same time for the form and the distribution of the complements . secondly , it posits no construction-specific devices to handle different structures . thirdly , it provides a global understanding of complementation by treating a whole array of constructions in similar ways . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
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2015,"Subject: k . polgardi , vowel harmony
 
 vowel harmony . an account in terms of governement and optimality by krisztina polgardi vowel harmony deals with some theoretical problems concerning the phenomenon of vowel harmony , in a framework combining insights from government phonology , optimality theory and lexical phonology . the study introduces and motivates the general framework and examines three issues . the first concerns the typology of vowel harmony systems and how an element-based feature theory , comprised of the three elements i , a and u and supplemented by the property of headedness , can account for all the different types of harmony . the second concerns the domain of harmony and the question of how to handle disharmonicity in the proposed model . the third involves the so-called neutral vowels , i . e . those vowels in a system that do not have a harmonic counterpart . it is claimed that the behaviour of neutral vowels can be predicted from their segmental make-up and from particular properties of the vowel systems involved . polgrdi argues that the theory of government phonology ( a principles-and - parameters approach ) needs to be supplemented by constraint ranking , because certain types of phenomena cannot be accounted for otherwise . since ranking is shown to be necessary , language variation can now be exclusively expressed by this device , and the notion of param - eters can be abandoned . polgrdi also argues that a non-derivational version of the strict cycle condition also needs to be incorporated into the theory to account for so-called derived environment effects ( of which disharmonicity is shown to be an example ) . 1998 . xii + 200 pp . isbn 90-5569 - 046 - 5 . paperback . lot interna - tional series 3 . hil / leiden university dissertation . price for individuals ordering directly from the publisher : nlg 36 , 90 , excl . vat and p&p . holland academic graphics , the hague < http : / / www . hag . nl > rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
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2016,"Subject: nels-29 final announcement
 
 final announcement north - eastern linguistics society 29th annual meeting october 16-18 , 1998 this year 's nels conference will be hosted at the university of delaware , in newark , de . complete information , including information on lodging , transportation , and the conference program can be found on the web at the nels-29 website : http : / / sun . ling . udel . edu / nels - 29 / for further information , please contact one of the following members of the nels committee at our conference email address : < nels - 29 @ udel . edu > kenneth allen hyde | univ . of delaware | dept . of linguistics | kenny @ udel . edu |
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2017,"Subject: call : texas linguistics society 1999
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - announcing the 1999 conference of the texas linguistics society perspectives on argument structure to be held at the university of texas at austin , march 5 - 7 , 1999 . keynote speakers : beth levin ( northwestern university ) james pustejovsky ( brandeis university ) michael tanenhaus ( university of rochester ) deadline for receipt of abstracts : october 16 , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - abstracts are invited for 30 - minute talks ( with 10 additional minutes for discussion ) . issues of argument structure have proven to be of long-standing interest within diverse subfields of linguistics . the intent of this conference is to bring together researchers working on argument structure from different perspectives . in keeping with this idea , presentations that address argument structure from the perspective of formal syntax or semantics are encouraged , as well as those that take psycholinguistic , computational or other approaches . potential topics include , but are not limited to : * theories of linking ; relating argument structure to syntactic structure * accounts of case assigment * lexical conceptual semantics and argument structure * computational implementation & models of argument structure or linking * syntax / semantic interface and language acquisition * acquisition of argument structure * language processing of argument structure , subcategorization or lexical / conceptual structure abstracts must be no more than on 8 . 5 "" by 11 "" page , single spaced and in at least 12 - point type ( 10 - point for examples ) , with one-inch margin on all sides . one additional page with references , diagrams and data ( no text ) may be appended , if necessary . all submissions must include the following : * six anonymous copies of the abstract * one 3 "" x5 "" card with name , affiliation , address , phone number , e-mail and title of paper deadline for receipt of abstracts is october 16 , 1998 . send abstracts to : tls abstract committee calhoun 501 , b5100 the university of texas at austin austin , tx 78712 abstracts received after the deadline will not be considered . fax submissions will not be accepted . instructions for text-only e-mail submissions are available by request . an individual may submit at most one single and one co-authored paper . authors whose abstracts are accepted will be notified in mid - december , 1998 . presenters who wish to have their papers included in the conference proceedings must submit a camera ready copy by may 15 , 1999 . proceedings will be published by the texas linguistics forum . conference pre-registration is $ 15 . 00 ( us ) for students , $ 25 . 00 for non-students . for more information , e-mail tls @ uts . cc . utexas . edu or visit the conference website at http : / / uts . cc . utexas . edu / ~ tls /
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2018,"Subject: 12th annual cuny conference on human sentence processing
 
 preliminary announcement and call for abstracts 12th annual cuny conference on human sentence processing hosted by cuny graduate center 33 west 42nd street , new york ny ( positively the last cuny conference on 42nd street ! ) march 18-20 , 1999 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ abstract deadline ( papers ) : november 16 , 1998 abstract deadline ( posters ) : january 11 , 1999 ( for detailed information on abstract submission , see the final panel of this announcement . ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ general information about the conference special sessions i . "" hard constraints and soft constraints "" , organized and introduced by mark johnson ( brown university ) . invited speakers will include : hans uszkoreit ( university of the saarland ) eugene charniak ( brown university ) ii . "" syntactic features in sentence processing "" , beginning with a linguistics tutorial on "" the syntax of features "" by marcel den dikken ( cuny graduate center ) , and followed by submitted papers . paper and poster submissions related to this topic are especially welcomed . iii . the first of a new series of special sessions called "" what would it take to decide whether . . . ? "" . for this first year , the issue will be "" . . . whether parsing is serial or parallel "" , moderated by charles clifton , jnr . ( university of massachusetts ) . speakers will be : richard lewis ( ohio state university ) edward gibson ( massachusetts institute of technology ) conference dates and location the conference will be held in the harold m . proshansky auditorium of the graduate school and university center of the city university of new york , in midtown manhattan ( 42nd street between fifth and sixth avenues ) . sessions will start at 12 noon on thursday march 18 ( registration from 10 : 30 am ) , and will end at 6 : 00 pm on saturday march 20 . there will be poster sessions in the evenings of march 18 and 19 . information about local , reasonably priced hotels will be available in our next announcement , to be sent out at the end of october . financial support the cuny conference operates on a shoe-string . we have always kept registration fees as low as possible , especially for students . we also make travel awards to students . the way we make ends meet ( barely ! ) is by contributions from cuny and other institutions . we are immensely grateful for this financial support , and we encourage you to encourage your administration to make a donation to this good cause . we can provide paperwork to support your request and the billing process . any amount is welcome ! in the past , contributions have ranged from $ 300 to $ 5 , 000 . so please - - approach your dean , your provost , the financial officer of your company , and explain what a valuable forum the cuny conference is for the exchange of research ideas . conference organizers janet dean fodor dianne bradley ph . d . program in linguistics cuny graduate center 33 west 42nd street new york ny 10036 address for correspondence : < sentproc @ email . gc . cuny . edu > _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ abstract submissions the 12th annual cuny conference on human sentence processing is soliciting abstracts for papers and posters presenting theoretical , experimental , and / or computational research on any aspect of human sentence processing . abstracts will be reviewed anonymously , and will be considered for both the general conference sessions and the special session on "" syntactic features in sentence processing "" . submission deadlines for consideration in the spoken paper sessions : november 16 , 1998 for consideration as a poster only : january 11 , 1999 what to submit in your abstract abstract text should be no longer than 400 words . in addition , you may include examples , data summaries , and references ; however the latter , together , should not exceed 15 lines . at the top of the abstract , please include the names and affiliations of all authors , and the email address of the author who will handle correspondence . also indicate whether you wish your abstract to be considered for paper only , poster only , or paper or poster . the last category means that you would be willing to present your work as a poster should the abstract not be accepted for the spoken paper sessions . please leave several blank lines between this information and the abstract proper ( title and text ) , to facilitate anonymous review . how to submit abstracts we will accept email submissions only . these should be addressed to : < sentproc @ email . gc . cuny . edu > please use plain text if possible , and use the subject header : "" abstract "" if you submit more than one abstract , each must be separately mailed ( and each will be separately acknowledged ) . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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2019,"Subject: logical aspects of computational linguistics ( lacl ' 98 )
 
 logical aspects of computational linguistics ( lacl ' 98 ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = aspects logiques de la linguistique informatique = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = coorganisateurs : loria ( nancy ) , universite pierre mendes - france ( grenoble ) , avec l ' appui de : inria rhone - alpes , xerox research centre europe , cnet , mairie de grenoble lieu : grenoble ( domaine universitaire , amphitheatre de la maison alpes des sciences de l ' homme ) dates : du 14 au 16 decembre site web : http : / / www-bshm . upmf-grenoble . fr / lacl98 / programme : = = = = = = = = = = = = monday , december 14 ( lundi 14 decembre ) 8 : 45 - 9 : 30 : welcome 9 : 30-10 : 20 : invited talk i maarten de rijke : inference and natural language semantics 10 : 20-10 : 35 : break 10 : 35-11 : 35 : session 1 : feature structures and constraints stephen j . hegner . ` computational management of partially specified type hierarchies for typed feature logics ' . christian wartena . ` grammars with composite storages ' . 11 : 35-11 : 50 : break 11 : 50-12 : 50 : session 2 : categorial grammar i marcelo finger . ` structurally free theorem proving and structure learning in categorial grammar ' . nissim francez . ` hypothetical reasoning and radical non-constituent coordination in categorial logic ' . 12 : 50-14 : 30 : lunch 14 : 30-15 : 30 : session 3 : semantics and logical forms joachim niehren , alexander koller . ` dominance constraints in context unification ' . wilfried meyer viol , ruth kempson . ` sequential construction of logical forms ' . 15 : 30-15 : 45 : break 15 : 45-16 : 45 : norihiro ogata . ` a revision system of circular objects and its applications to dynamic semantics of dialogues ' . zhaohui luo , paul callaghan . ` coercive subtyping and lexical semantics ' . 16 : 45-17 : 00 : break 17 : 00-17 : 30 : discussion tuesday , december 15 ( mardi 15 decembre ) 9 : 30-10 : 20 : invited talk ii makoto kanazawa title : not yet communicated 10 : 20-10 : 35 : break 10 : 35-11 : 35 : session 4 : constraints and semantics manuel bodirsky , alexander koller , joachim niehren . ` dominance constraints : complexity , algorithms , implementation ' . patrick blackburn , claire gardent . ` a description language for discourse semantics ' . 11 : 35-11 : 50 : break 11 : 50-12 : 50 : session 5 : categorial grammar ii gerhard jaeger . ` anaphora and scope in categorial grammar ' . hans - joerg tiede . ` lambek calculus proofs and tree automata ' . 12 : 50-14 : 30 : lunch 14 : 30-15 : 30 : session 6 : minimalism and computation jens michaelis . ` derivational minimalism is mildly context-sensitive ' . marcus kracht . ` strictness and literal movement grammars ' . 15 : 30-15 : 45 : break 15 : 45-16 : 45 : alain lecomte . ` categorial minimalism ' . dirk heylen . ` aspects of a logical reconstruction of the computational system for human language ' . 16 : 45-17 : 00 : break 17 : 00-17 : 30 : discussion 20 : 00 : conference dinner wednesday , december 16 ( mercredi 16 decembre ) 9 : 30-10 : 20 : invited talk iii fernando pereira title : not yet communicated 10 : 20-10 : 35 : break 10 : 35-12 : 05 : session 7 : trees and tags aravind joshi , seth kulick , natasha kurtonina . ` lexicalized tree adjoining grammar : logical modelling ' . sylvain pogodalla . ` lexicalized proof-nets in pomset logic and tag ' . emiel krahmer , reinhard muskens . ` talking about trees and truth-conditions ' . 12 : 05-12 : 20 : break 12 : 20-12 : 50 : final discussion inscription - registration : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the registration fees for the conference are the following : before november 10 regular : 700 ff , student : 500 ff after november 10 regular : 900 ff , student : 700 ff both regular and student fees include the conference proceedings , the coffee breaks , the lunches , and the conference dinner ( december 15 ) . tickets for additional conference dinners ( for accompanying persons ) can be purchased at 150 ff . you may register by surface mail , fax , or e-mail . please fill in the enclosed registration form and send it to : ufr sciences de l ' homme et de la societe service comptabilite - lacl ' 98 1251 , avenue centrale , b . p . 47 f 38040 grenoble cedex9 france fax ( internat . ) : + 33 4 76 82 56 65 ( nat . ) : 04 76 82 56 65 e - mail : amelie . depaoli @ upmf-grenoble . fr payments payments are accepted in french francs only . the enclosed payment may be one of the following forms : order form from your institution ; cheque in french currency , drawn on a french bank , made to the order of "" agent comptable de l ' upmf "" eurocheque in french currency , made to the order of "" agent comptable de l ' upmf "" ( add 50 frf for fees ) ; bank transfer to the order of "" agent comptable de l ' upmf "" ( with your name and lacl ' 98 ) at the bank "" tresorerie generale de l ' isere "" . the bank account number is 10071-38000 - 00003000140-46 . registration form - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - please print name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . affiliation : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . address : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . zip code : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telephone : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fax : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e - mail : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please check the appropriate box : o regular fee 700 frf o student rate ( * ) 500 frf o late registration fee 900 frf o student ( * ) , late registration 700 frf o one additional ticket for the conference dinner 150 frf total amount : . . . frf ( * ) enclose a copy of your student card mode of payment : o order form o enclosed cheque ( if eurocheque , please add 50 frf ) o bank transfer ( * * ) ( * * ) enclose a copy of the transfer order . booking chose a category of hotel : o single room o double room o 2 stars ( around 300 frf ) o 3 stars ( around 500 frf ) date of arrival in grenoble : . . . . . . . . . . . date of departure : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . number of nights : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . if you are a vegetarian , please check the box o
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2020,"Subject: i . vedder , dunque l ' italia ha perso il suo fascino ?
 
 a recent publication of holland academic graphics : dunque l ' italia ha perso il suo fascino ? io penso di no door ineke vedder in dit boek wordt verslag uitgebracht van een onderzoek naar het ar - gumenterend schrijven in een tweede taal ( t2 ) door nederlandse stu - denten italiaans . om in t2 een argumentatieve tekst te kunnen schrijven moeten schrijvers eerst een aantal syntactische en lexicale middelen verwerven . deze middelen kunnen worden gebruikt voor de weergave van de verschillende argumentatieve componenten van het betoog in t2 . ook moeten zij zich bepaalde pragmatisch-rhetorische middelen eigen maken die kenmerkend zijn voor t2 . deze hebben bij - voorbeeld betrekking op de keuze van de argumenten , de graad van formaliteit van de tekst , de mate van nuancering van het standpunt en het gebruik van stijlfiguren . bij het gebruik van deze linguistische en pragmatisch-rhetorische middelen in t2 kunnen schrijvers maar gedeeltelijk een beroep doen op de verschillende talige en niet-talige vaardigheden die ze hebben verworven in hun moedertaal . in die zin stelt het argumenterend schrijven in t2 allerlei extra eisen aan twee - de-taalschrijvers . 1998 . x + 322 pp . isbn 90-5569 - 045 - 7 . paperback . [ lot international series 2 . ifott / university of amsterdam dissertation . ] price for individuals ordering directly from hag : nlg 48 . 00 ( excl . p&p and vat ) . holland academic graphics , the hague < http : / / www . hag . nl > rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
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2021,"Subject: g . mulder , indirecte en directe directieven
 
 indirecte en directe directieven . een analytisch en empirisch onderzoek naar taalhandelingen in het spaans door gijs mulder de lingustische structuren waarin verzoeken en andere directieve taalhandelingen worden uitgedrukt zijn heel uiteenlopend . direc - tieven zijn vaak indirect , omdat de spreker niet alleen bedoelt wat hij letterlijk zegt , maar ook iets anders . in het theoretische gedeelte van indirecte en directe directieven staat de vraag centraal wat precies onder een indirecte taalhandeling moet worden verstaan . verder worden indirecte taalhandelingen belicht vanuit het perspectief van de beleefdheidstheorie en de conversatielogica . in het toegepaste gedeelte wordt verslag gedaan van een kwalitatief en kwantitatief onderzoek naar directieven in het spaans , op basis van een corpus van alledaagse gesprekssituaties in hedendaagse toneelstukken en filmscenario 's . om de structuren van directieven uitputtend te kunnen beschrijven en empirisch te kunnen toetsen , is een model met verschillende dimensies ontwikkeld . inhoud : 1 . inleiding 2 . indirect taalgebruik 3 . indirecte taalhandelingen : een afbakening 4 . indirecte taalhandelingen en conversationele implicaturen 5 . indirecte taalhandelingen en beleefdheid 6 . directieven als object van onderzoek naar indirecte taalhandelingen 7 . een lingustisch model van realisaties van directieven 8 . de predicerende dimensie 9 . de persoons-deictische dimensie 10 . de modificerende dimensie 11 . de zinstype dimensie 12 . empirisch onderzoek naar directieven in het spaans 13 . conclusie 1998 . xii + 252 pp . isbn 90-5569 - 047 - 3 . paperback . [ lot international series 4 . ifott / university of amsterdam dissertation . ] price for individuals ordering directly from hag : nlg 41 . 20 ( excl . p&p and vat ) . holland academic graphics , the hague < http : \ \ www . hag . nl > rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
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2022,"Subject: macintosh applications on classical philology
 
 riao rufilanchas , daniel . 1998 . "" aplicaciones de macintosh a la filolog ' ia cl ' asica . "" madrid : ediciones cl ' asicas . ( x + 180 pages , paperback , isbn : 84-7882 - 342 - 5 , 1 , 300 pts ; roughly equal to $ 8 ) . ( in spanish . english title : "" macintosh applications for the classical philology "" ) . this book offers information on computer applications of interest for students , researchers and scholars in the field of classics ( ancient greek and latin ) , including papyrologists and epigraphists . it also contains a long section that examines the existing text databases ( tlg , phi , cetedoc cd-rom s , etc ) and bibliographic databases ( dbc , dyabola , etc ) , even when the retrieval software is not implemented for the macintosh platform . it deals extensively with font and keyboard issues , and other aspects of the personal computer use that are most likely to appeal the philologist or linguist working with ancient greek or latin texts . summary of the table of contents : 1 . conceptos b ' asicos ( basic concepts ) 2 . fuentes y teclado ( fonts and keyboard ) 3 . programas de uso general empleados en el trabajo filol ' ogico ( general purpose programs often used in the philological work ) 4 . bases de datos textuales y bibliogr ' aficas ( text and bibliographical data bases ) 5 . aplicaciones espec ' ificas para filolog ' ia cl ' asica ( programs specifically designed for the classical philology ) 6 . utilidades generales especialmente ( all - purpose utilities ) 7 . presentaci ' on e intercambio de documentos en formato electr ' onico ( electronic-format documents interchange and presentation ) apndice 1 . direcciones de internet ( internet addresses ) apndice 2 . glosario de t ' erminos t ' ecnicos ( technical terms glossary ) apndice 3 . distribuidores de los productos ( products distributors ) apndice 4 . ' indice temtico ( thematic index ) . you can ask for the book to : ediciones cl ' asicas san maximo , 31 , 4 : 8 28041 - madrid spain ( no email or www address yet ) please , contact with the author for more information about the book at danielrr @ mad . servicom . es . addenda to book can be obtained via e-mail at the same address , and will be published in the author 's web page in the next weeks . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ daniel riao rufilanchas c . santa engracia 52 , 7 dcha . 28010 - madrid , espaa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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2023,"Subject: jornadas
 
 lenguaje , ciencia y sociedad con motivo de la investidura del profesor noam chomsky como doctor honoriscausa por la universitat rovira i virgili , van a tener lugar en tarragona durante los das 26 , 27 y 28 de octubre de 1998 unas jornadas sobre lenguaje , ciencia y sociedad con la participacin de destacadas personalidades de cada uno de los mbitos temticos y del profesor noam chomsky . programa : - lunes da 26 : 9 , 00 : recepcin 9 , 45 : presentacin 10 , 00 : carlos piera ( uam ) : maneras de pensar dentro y fuera de la lingstica 10 , 30 : itziar laka ( upv ) : delimitando la gramtica universal : la cuestin de la ergatividad en la gramtica generativa 11 , 00 : esther torrego ( umass ) : gramticas de primera y segundas lenguas 11 , 30 : joan mascar ( uab ) : rellevncia de la fonologia en la competncia lingstica 12 , 00 : descanso 12 , 30 : mesa redonda . modera : violeta demonte ( uam ) 18 , 00 : noam chomsky ( mit ) : minimalist inquires 19 , 00 : coloquio - martes da 27 : 10 , 00 : manuel garca carpintero ( ub ) : la naturalizacin de las ciencias cognitivas 10 , 30 : noam chomsky ( mit ) : mind and the rest of nature 11 , 00 : eudald carbonell ( urv ) : el procs d ' hominitzaci a la llum dels recents descobriments d ' atapuerca 11 , 30 : jorge wagensberg ( ub ) : sobre el concepto de progreso 12 , 00 : descanso 12 , 30 : mesa redonda . modera : nria sebastin ( ub ) 18 , 00 : camilo cela conde ( uib ) : cerebros y modelos de conocimiento 19 , 00 : coloquio - mircoles da 28 : 10 , 00 : joaqun estefana ( el pas ) : los nuevos paradigmas 10 , 30 : antoni domnec ( ub ) : algunos enigmas de la racionalidad econmica 11 , 00 : dolors comas ( urv ) : diferencia cultural y exclusin social en el contexto de la globalizacin 11 , 30 : descanso 12 , 30 : mesa redonda . modera : rosa m snchez - casas ( urv ) 18 , 00 : noam chomsky ( mit ) : markets and "" the substance of society "" 19 , 00 : coloquio habr traduccin simultnea de las conferencias de noam chomsky lugar : sala de actos de la facultad de ciencias de la educacin y psicologa 0rganiza : universitat rovira i virgili facultat de cincies de l ' educaci i psicologia departament de psicologia facultat de lletres departament d ' antropologia social i filosofia departament de filologies romniques comit organizador : jos eugenio garca - albea ristol ( dept . de psicologia ) jos antonio dez calzada ( dept . d ' antopologia social i filosofia ) natlia catal torres ( dept . de filologies romniques ) informacin : departament de psicologia facultat de cincies de l ' educaci i psicologia carretera valls s / n 43007 telf : 977 55 80 79 fax : 977 55 80 88 e-mail : jornades @ fcep . urv . es web : http : / / www . urv . es / novetats / novetats . html inscripciones : cuota de inscripcin : 2 . 500 pts . forma de pago : transferencia bancaria a la cuenta corriente de "" la caixa "" : 2100 - 3526 - 19-2500015279 el titular es la universitat rovira i virgili natlia
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2024,"Subject: negation : syntax , semantics and pragmatics
 
 university of salford , greater manchester , uk european studies research institute north west centre for linguistics first annual international conference negation : syntax , semantics and pragmatics ( organiser : paul rowlett , salford ) friday 30 october to sunday 1 november 1998 faraday house , research & graduate college , university of salford , greater manchester , uk sponsored by : the british academy the linguistics association of great britain the french embassy in london keynote speakers william a laduasaw , ucsc , usa laurence r horn , yale , usa liliane haegeman , geneva , switzerland program ( booking form at the end of this posting ) friday 30 october 1998 8 . 45 - 9 . 15am registration and coffee 9 . 15 - 9 . 30am introduction and welcome 9 . 30-10 . 0am metalinguistic negation in focus , suengho ham , seoul university , korea 10 . 0-10 . 30am focus - induced neg-concord failures , vieri samek - lodovici , university college london , uk 10 . 30-11 . 0am the focusing negative ' mhaih ' in cantonese chinese : a look at contrastive and metalinguistic negation , juliet wai hong , university of texas at austin , usa 11 . 0-11 . 30am coffee 11 . 30am - 12noon compositional , inherent and frozen negation : lexicalism versus functional categories , kazuhiko fukushima , kansai gaidai university , japan 12noon - 1pm keynote lecture negation , saturation and predication , william ladusaw , university of california at santa cruz , usa 1 . 0 - 2 . 0pm lunch 2 . 0 - 2 . 30pm a minimalist approach to the syntax of multiple negation in french , hugues m . peters , university of the west indies , jamaica 2 . 30 - 3 . 0pm negation and the diachrony of features , anna roussou , university of wales , bangor , uk and ian roberts , stuttgart university , germany 3 . 0 - 3 . 30pm a lexical-functional approach to the syntax of negation in french , veronika knueppel , konstanz university , germany 3 . 30 - 4 . 0pm tea 4 . 0 - 4 . 30pm the riddle of n-words in polish : quantificational versus non-quantificational , universal versus existential , joanna blaszczak , humboldt university , berlin , germany 4 . 30 - 5 . 0pm negative polarity items in russian , asya pereltsvaig , mcgill university , montreal , canada 5 . 0 - 5 . 30pm negation in hungarian , john payne and erika chisarik , university of manchester , uk 6 . 0 - 7 . 0pm reception at blackwell 's campus bookshop saturday 31 october 1998 9 . 0 - 9 . 30am coffee 9 . 30-10 . 0am on romance sensitivity to non-veridicality , joao peres , university of lisbon , portugal 10 . 0-10 . 30am ( non - ) occurrence of sentential ' no ' in spanish negative sentences , javier martin - gonzalez , harvard university , usa 10 . 30-11 . 0am negation with [ - neg ] features , marie - therese vinet , sherbrooke university , quebec city , canada 11 . 0-11 . 30am coffee 11 . 30am - 12noon adverbial verb phrases and downwards monotonicity : negativity and the demorgan taxonomist 's dilemma , jay atlas , pomona college , california , usa 12noon - 1 . 0pm keynote lecture free - choice indefinites and the two ' any ' problem laurence r horn , yale university , usa 1 . 0 - 2 . 0pm lunch 2 . 0 - 2 . 30pm negative concord and the scope of universals , anastasia giannakidou , university of amsterdam , the netherlands 2 . 30 - 3 . 0pm procedural marking of propositional attitude in norwegian sentences with a negative ' wh ' - complement , thorsten fretheim , university of trondheim , norway 3 . 0 - 3 . 30pm some problems with the semantics of negation with reference to english and korean , hye - kung lee , university of cambridge , uk 3 . 30 - 4 . 0pm tea 4 . 0 - 4 . 30pm syntactic licensing of negative polarity , patrick a schindler , tuebingen university , germany 4 . 30 - 5 . 0pm the grammatical basis of polarity items , ana maria martins , university of lisbon , portugal 5 . 0 - 5 . 30pm the bi-polarity of ' any ' , lucia tovena , institute of scientific & technological research , trento , italy and jacques jayez , ecole des hautes etudes en sciences sociales , paris , france 5 . 30 - 6 . 30pm european studies research institute wine reception 8 . 0pm conference dinner ( manchester ) sunday 1 november 1998 9 . 0 - 9 . 30am coffee 9 . 30-10 . 0am focus particles in negative polarity in hindi , sharavan vasishth , ohio state university , usa 10 . 0-10 . 30am two types of negation in bengali , gillian ramchand , oxford university , uk 10 . 30-11 . 0am the syntax of negation and ov in late middle english , richard ingham , university of reading , uk 11 . 0-11 . 30am coffee 11 . 30-12 noon blocking effects in the expression of negation , jacob hoeksema , university of groningen , the netherlands 12noon - 1pm keynote lecture verb movement , tense and negation in west flemish , liliane haegeman , university of geneva , switzerland 1 . 0 - 2 . 0pm lunch 2 . 0 - 2 . 30pm negative polarity , modality and the comparative : a parametric approach , nathalie schapansky , simon fraser university , british colombia , canada 2 . 30 - 3 . 0pm negation and the acquisition of 's trong ' indefinites , irene kraemer , max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen , the netherlands 3 . 0 - 3 . 30pm head - movement in negation in english , annabel cormack and neil smith , university college london , uk 3 . 30 - 4 . 0pm tea alternates how many types of npi are there ? evidence from korean and english , chungmin lee , seoul national university , korea negative chains and operator movement , rita bhandari , suny , usa grammaticalization in progress : the development of a negative focus particle , ton van der wouden , universities of groningen & leiden , the netherlands negative constituent licensing in a negative concord language , nedzad leko , university of oslo , norway welsh negation , robert d borsley , university of wales , bangor , uk and bob morris - jones , university of wales , aberystwyth , uk - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - for bookings , please print out the registration form below , fill it in and return it with full conference fee to the address given . please note closing date for bookings : 9 october 1998 . university of salford , greater manchester , uk european studies research institute north west centre for linguistics first annual international conference negation : syntax , semantics and pragmatics ( organiser : paul rowlett , salford ) friday 30 october to sunday 1 november 1998 faraday house , research & graduate college , university of salford , greater manchester , uk sponsored by : the british academy the linguistics association of great britain the french embassy in london registration form to arrive before friday 9 october 1998 title : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ surname : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name ( s ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postcode / zipcode : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ daytime telephone number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration fee : gbp60 . 00 ( gbp30 . 00 for students ) includes all refreshments , buffet lunches and wine reception subtotal : gbp _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ saturday 31 october 1998 conference dinner : gbp16 . 00 subtotal : gbp _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ are you vegetarian ? yes / no please provide details of any specific dietary requirements : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total payment : gbp _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cheques should be made payable to ' the university of salford ' in sterling only . alternatively , payment by credit card ( visa / mastercard ) is possible : card no . : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiry date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card holder 's name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ billing address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ an official receipt will be sent once registration forms , payment details or cheques have been received . please send completed registration forms ( and cheques ) to : miss wendy pickles , esri conference administrator , university of salford , crescent house , the crescent , salford , greater manchester m5 4wt , uk . telephone : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 5275 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 5223 e - mail : w . pickles @ esri . salford . ac . uk closing date for registration : friday 9 october 1998
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2025,"Subject: computer assisted language learning
 
 the international journal computer assisted language learning ( http : / / www . swets . nl / sps / journals / call . html ) is seeking submissions for a special edition focusing on the work of scholars based in japan . aims and scope : computer assisted language learning is an international journal which leads the field in its total dedication to all matters associated with the use of computers in language learning ( l1 and l2 ) it provides a forum to discuss the discoveries in the field and to exchange experience and information about existing techniques . the scope of the journal is intentionally wide-ranging and embraces a multitude of disciplines . areas covered : - pedagogical principles and their applications - cognitive modelling - observations on , and evaluation of , call software - intelligent tutoring systems - digitised versions of video and audio - application of ai to language teaching - computer assisted translation - computer assisted composition - multi - lingual systems - simulated - active learning environments audience : teachers and researchers , linguists , computer scientists , psychologists , and educationalists contributions may be e-mailed to mark peterson at japan advanced institute of science and technology e-mail mark @ jaist . ac . jp . the deadline for submissions will be september 30th 1998 . - - - - japan advanced institute of science and technology http : / / www . jaist . ac . jp / ~ mark /
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2026,"Subject: cal ' 98 : extended deadline for abstracts
 
 fourth conference on afroasiatic languages soas , london 25-27 june 1998 guest speakers : robert hoberman , paul newman , john saeed , baye yimam call for abstracts - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the fourth conference on afro - asiatic languages is to be held 25 - 27th june , 1998 , in london , england , organised by the school of oriental and african studies ( soas ) . the aim of the conference is to promote research in theoretical linguistics in relation to afro - asiatic languages . the editorial committee hopes to undertake the publication of a collection of papers based on the presentations at the colloquium , a volume in the series studies in afro - asiatic grammar ( holland academic graphics ) . abstracts are invited for thirty minute talks ( 30 + 10 ) in all areas of syntax , morphology and phonology . abstracts should be no less than one page and may not exceed two pages . send five anonymous copies of the abstracts and one copy with the name of author ( s ) and institution ( s ) . include a card containing the following information : name of author ( s ) , title of the paper , address and affiliation , phone number , fax and e-mail address ( if available ) . abstracts must be received by 15th february 1998 ( extended deadline ) . e - mail or fax submissions are accepted . send only one anonymous abstract in this case . all abstracts will be anonymously reviewed . address for abstracts : conference on afro - asiatic languages selection committee centre of african studies soas thornhaugh st . , russell square london , wc1h 0xg , u . k . fax : + 44 - ( 0 ) 171-323 - 6254 e - mail : cal @ soas . ac . uk website to be established = january 1998 : http : \ \ www . soas . ac . uk \ linguistics local committee : richard hayward , africa department , soas ; bruce ingham , linguistics department , soas ; jamal ouhalla , queen mary & westfield college ; denise perrett , soas .
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2027,"Subject: conference on language teacher education
 
 announcement and call for papers the center for advanced research on language acquisition at the university of minnesota announces an international conference on language teacher education may 20 - 23 , 1999 radisson-metrodome hotel minneapolis , minnesota , usa this conference will be of interest to anyone involved in the preparation and ongoing professional development of language teachers of all kinds : practitioners and researchers in the various sub-fields of language teacher education . the conference will address the education of teachers of all languages , at all instructional and institutional levels , and in all the many national and international contexts in which this takes place , including : esl / efl ; foreign / modern / world language teaching ; bilingual education ; immersion education ; indigenous and minority languages ; and the teaching of less commonly taught languages . the conference aims to bring together research , theory , and best practices from all these contexts , and to initiate and sustain meaningful professional dialogue across languages , levels , and settings . speakers and panelists will include : * gloria ladson - billings ( keynote address ) * jack richards ( honorary conference chair ) * dick allwright * elizabeth bernhardt * pat chaput * donald freeman * eugene garcia * kris gutierrez * nancy hornberger * karen e . johnson * denise mckeon * mimi met * june phillips the conference will focus on four principal themes : i . the knowledge base of language teacher education ii . social , cultural and political contexts of language teacher education iii . the processes of language teacher education iv . language teacher education policy for further information about the conference , and to be added to our mailing list , contact : international conference on language teacher education , carla , 333 appleby hall , university of minnesota , mpls mn 55455 . phone : 612-626 - 8600 . fax : 612-624 - 7514 . e - mail : < carla @ tc . umn . edu > . web : < http : / / carla . acad . umn . edu / teacher-ed . html > . more program information and registration forms will be included in a later mailing in fall 1998 . the call for papers follows below . please forward this announcement and call to others who may be interested ! call for papers the international conference on language teacher education welcomes proposals for papers on all aspects of the education and professional development of language teachers . papers may report on data-based research , theoretical and conceptual analyses , or best practices in language teacher education . the conference will focus on four broad themes . proposals are more likely to be accepted if they address one of these themes : theme i : the knowledge base of language teacher education a central issue in language teacher education is the question of what constitutes the knowledge base of language teaching and how it relates to the processes and content of teacher education . issues in this theme may include : * teachers ' knowledge and beliefs * teacher learning in formal and informal contexts * teachers ' ways of knowing * teacher socialization * professionalism * the nature of disciplinary knowledge . theme ii : social , cultural , and political contexts of language teacher education language teacher education takes place in multiple contexts and with diverse populations , where language , culture and identity are intricately bound together . papers in this theme may include critical and analytical perspectives on : * institutions , communities , and discourses within which teacher education practices are situated * power , status , and authority and language teacher education * diversity and equity in language teacher education , including issues of race , class , gender , sexual orientation , and language * the socially situated nature of language and learning theme iii : processes of language teacher education the processes of language teacher education refer to the ways in which the knowledge base is conceptualized and operationalized . these are constructed through the contributions and interpretations that all participants bring to the process . processes may include : * program design * curriculum * pedagogical methods * organization of instruction * practica * materials * observation / supervision * professional development for teachers at all experience levels theme iv : policy in language teacher education actions taken by formal and informal decision-making bodies have an impact on language teacher education . these policies influence the directions of teacher education even though they may or may not involve the participation of teacher educators . they can be formulated at the institutional , local , state , or national levels , and may include : * standards * legislative mandates * teacher education program requirements * recruitment and retention * advocacy by language teacher organizations presentations will be 30 minutes in length . in line with the dialogical spirit of the conference , each session of two or three papers will include presentations concerned with different contexts and types of language teacher education . submit proposals in the following form : i . 8 copies of a one-page , single-spaced abstract with the title of the presentation and the theme it addresses indicated in the top left-hand corner ( your name and institution should not appear on these copies ) . ii . 1 additional copy of the abstract which includes your name and institution in the top right-hand corner . iii . a 50 - word summary of your presentation to be published in the conference program . iv . a copy of the form attached below . proposals are to be sent to : dr . bill johnston , chair of the program committee , international conference on language teacher education , ilasll , university of minnesota , klaeber court 192 , 320 16th st . se , minneapolis , mn 55455 . phone : 612-626 - 2269 . e - mail : < billj @ tc . umn . edu > . submissions should be postmarked no later than october 31 , 1998 ( please note the extended deadline ) . submissions from outside the continental us only may be sent by fax to the following number : 612-627 - 1875 . applicants will be notified of the program committee 's decision no later than december 31 , 1998 . selected papers from the conference will be published in a collection of conference proceedings . proposal form a . information about presentation presenter 's name : title of presentation : theme : b . presenter information : institution : address : phone number work : home : fax : e - mail :
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2028,"Subject: international lexical functional grammar conf
 
 call for papers lfg99 1999 international lexical functional grammar conference 19 july - 21 july 1999 the university of manchester submission receipt deadline : 15 february 1999 url : http : / / lings . ln . man . ac . uk / html / lfg / enquiries : lfg99 @ man . ac . uk the university of manchester is pleased to invite you to participate in lfg99 which will take place from monday , july 19 till wednesday , july 21 1999 at the university of manchester , uk . the conference welcomes work both within the formal architecture of lexical - functional grammar and typological , formal , and computational work within the 's pirit of lfg ' , as a lexicalist approach to language employing a parallel , constraint-based framework . the conference aims to promote interaction and collaboration among researchers interested in nonderivational approaches to grammar , where grammar is seen as the interaction of constraints from multiple dimensions of linguistic substance , including category information , grammatical relations , and semantic information . further information about the syntactic theory lfg can be obtained from : http : / / clwww . essex . ac . uk / lfg / submissions the conference will involve 30 - minute talks , poster / system presentations , and workshops . talks and poster presentations will focus on results from completed as well as ongoing research , with an emphasis on novel approaches , methods , ideas , and perspectives , whether descriptive , theoretical , formal or computational . we particularly welcome papers and suggestions for workshops on a given language area . presentations should describe original , unpublished work . abstracts and papers must be received by february 15 , 1999 , and should be submitted to the program committee chairs at the address given below . for further information or offers of organisational help , contact the local organisers at the address below . poster / system presentations a scheduled session for posters and the demonstration of systems is planned as part of the conference , with the posters also available for viewing at other times throughout the conferece . workshops workshops are a small group of talks ( 2 - 4 ) on a coherent topic that can be expected to generate opposing views and discussion with the broader audience . participants to workshops are usually invited . workshop papers should be distributed in advance among participants and participants should refer to each others approaches . at this point in time , we welcome suggestions for workshops from potential organisers or people with certain interests . suggestions for workshops should be sent to the local organizers at lfg99 @ man . ac . uk . topics that have been mentioned for potential workshops include : - phenomena within a given language area ( such as amerindian ) - field work and linguistic theory - event conceptualization and lexical semantics - constructions / construction grammar and lfg actual workshop topics and participants will be announced later . timetable deadline for workshop proposals : 30 november 1998 deadline for receipt of submissions : 15 february 1999 acceptances sent out : 31 march 1999 conference : 19 july - 21 july 1999 submission specifications people may submit either abstracts or full length papers for refereeing . the advantages of full paper submission are that it allows better assessment of your work and that ( at least for some people ) accepted refereed full papers count as a higher status publication . the program chairs may decide that certain submissions are better as poster presentations than as read papers . submitters may also indicate if they wish a submission to be considered as a poster / system presentation . full length papers . papers should be no more than 15 pages , including figures and references , in 11 or 12pt type , on a4 / us letter paper . the printed text area must not exceed 165x230mm ( 6 . 5x9 inches ) , and should be centred horizontally and vertically on the page . omit name and affiliation , and obvious self reference from the version for review . papers should include a roughly 100-200 word abstract at the beginning . abstracts . abstracts should be one a4 page in 10pt or larger type and include a title . omit name and affiliation , and obvious self reference . a second page may be used for data , c - / f - and related structures , and references . papers / abstracts may be submitted by email or by regular mail ( or by both means as a safety measure ) . email submission is preferred . regular mail include : - five copies of the abstract / paper . - a card or cover sheet with the paper title , name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliation , address , phone / fax number , e-mail address , and whether the author ( s ) are students . email . include or attach your paper as either a plain ascii text , html , or postscript file . include the paper title , name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , address , phone / fax number , email address , and whether the author ( s ) are students in the body of your email message . all papers / abstracts will be reviewed by at least two people . papers will appear in the proceedings which will be published online by csli publications . selected papers may also appear in a printed volume published by csli publications . organisers and their contact addresses send paper / abstract / poster submissions and inquiries about submissions to : program committee chairs : tracy king < thking @ parc . xerox . com > miriam butt < miriam . butt @ uni-konstanz . de > mail : tracy holloway king information sciences and technologies laboratory xerox parc 3333 coyote hill road palo alto ca 94304 usa contact the conference organisers at : email : lfg99 @ man . ac . uk mail : kersti borjars or nigel vincent department of linguistics university of manchester manchester m13 9pl uk associated events given the great success of the pre-conference bushwalk organized as part of lfg98 , we are planning an organised walk in the peak district for the weekend preceding the conference . details and information on how to sign up for it will be provided in a subsequent call for papers . on the last evening of the conference there will be a conference dinner in a stately home on the outskirts of manchester . location the conference will be held at hulme hall , a hall of residence near the main university buildings . different types of b&b accommodation will be available in hulme hall , where all lectures , book displays etc will also take place . details of this and registration form will be provided at a later stage .
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2029,"Subject: acl ' 99 theme final cfp
 
 final call for theme proposals acl-99 conference : the 37th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics university of maryland june 22 - - 27 1999 the association for computational linguistics would like to encourage the submission of papers on substantial , original , and unpublished research on all aspects of computational linguistics . a particular aim for the 1999 conference is a broadening of both the thematic coverage and geographical origin of submissions ; to this end , we are experimenting with a new format . some proportion of the conference will be given over to special sessions , somewhat like a special issue of a journal , organised around themes proposed by members of the nlp community . our aim is to incorporate some of the intensity and excitement of the traditional post-conference workshops , without replacing those workshops - - - we expect , as has become traditional , that there will also be a set of post-conference workshops that will remain separate from the main meeting . this call invites proposals for thematic sessions in accordance with the considerations below ; a final call for papers will be sent out in early november . what is a thematic session ? we are soliciting proposals for themes that will provide 4 - - 8 high quality papers , typically forming one or two sessions in the main conference . proposers of accepted themes , who will become the chairs of those sessions , will have similar responsibilities to those of workshop organisers in terms of arranging reviewing and the delivery of camera ready copy ; however , the papers will be scheduled as part of the main sessions and will be published as part of the main conference proceedings . in terms of subject area coverage , we expect thematic sessions will be closer to workshop topic areas in focus . format of theme proposals please specify the following : - - chair details : name , address , email , telephone number , fax - - title - - summary : at most one page describing the proposed subject area , citing evidence that there is sufficient interest in the area to generate enough high quality submissions to populate up to a half-day 's worth of presentations . - - proposed review committee : each paper submitted should be reviewed by at least three people . as part of your proposal , you should suggest a potential review committee of around 12 people who will be asked to serve on the committee if the proposal is accepted . your list should demonstrate the spread of interest in the area in the community , encouraging both international participation and the participation of a broad range of researchers , including both senior members of the community and graduate students . theme proposals should be submitted to the email address provided below . informal enquiries as to what might work as a theme can also be directed to this address in advance of the submission date . possible themes might be topics like : nlp and data mining ; word segmentation in asian languages ; reconciling functional and formal approaches to syntax ; approaches to concept to speech . we provide these examples only as indications of the variety of topic areas that will be considered . important dates this call issued : september 14 , 1998 theme submissions deadline : october 12 , 1998 notification of selected themes : october 26 , 1998 call for papers : early november 1998 paper submissions deadline : january 25 , 1999 notification of acceptance : march 22 , 1999 camera ready papers due : may 3 , 1999 general submission questions chairs for the acl-99 program are ken church and robert dale . all queries regarding the program should be sent to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au ; this forwards to both authors . submission format theme proposals should be of approximately two pages in length , ideally submitted in ascii by email to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au with the subject : "" acl99 theme proposal "" . more complicated formats such as standalone latex ( not requiring additional style files ) , postscript , and word will be accepted if they print on the first try . hardcopy proposals should be faxed or mailed to * both * of the chairs , clearly labeled "" acl99 theme proposal "" . proposals should be received by 5pm gmt on october 12th 1998 . ken church ( co - chair ) robert dale ( chair ) at&t labs - research microsoft research institute 180 park ave , office d235 school of mpce po box 971 macquarie university florham park , nj 07932-0971 , usa sydney nsw 2109 , australia kwc @ research . att . com robert . dale @ mq . edu . au tel : + 1 973-360 - 8620 tel : + 61 2 9850 6331 fax : + 1 973-360 - 8077 fax : + 61 2 9850 9529
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2030,"Subject: c . t . james huang , syntax
 
 syntax huang , c . t . james ; logical relations in chinese and the theory of grammar ; 0-8153 - 3136 - 3 , cloth ; pages , $ 89 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this classic study in theoretical and chinese syntax has proven influential in recent developments of syntactic theory in areas as diverse as phrase structure , quantifier scope , anaphora , movement constraints , the form and meaning of interrogative sentences , and the nature of logical form . huang gives a detailed analysis of a wide range of grammatical constructions in chinese ( and english ) and shows that his analyses shed important new light on the theory of universal grammar and linguistic typology , often in ways unavailable from the study of english and other familiar european languages . some of the results of this work are : ( a ) a parametric theory of quantifier scope ; ( b ) a relativized notion of a ' governing category ' for chomsky 's ( 1981 ) binding theory ; ( c ) a theory of generalized control that derives the pro drop parameter and related phenomena ; ( d ) a proposed condition on extraction domains ( ced ) on overt movement ; ( e ) a proposal of lf wh-movement for languages without wh-movement ; and ( f ) a generalizationof the ecp to account for a full range of adjunct / complement asymmetriesand subject / object asymmetries in syntactic and lf extraction . the proposed analyses exemplify how an optimal theory of typology should come about as the ' by-product ' of an optimal theory of ug . the author is professor of linguistics at the university of california , irvine . e - mail : info @ garland . com
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2031,"Subject: igg call for papers
 
 xxv incontro di grammatica generativa universita ' di siena february , 25-27 1999 conference announcement and call for papers please post ! next year the traditional annual meeting of italian generativists will take place in siena at the end of february ( february , 25-27 1999 ) . abstract submission : the incontro will consist of approximately 20 talks of 40 minutes each plus discussion . official languages of the incontro will be both italian and english . abstracts may not exceed 2 pages and should be sent anonymously in four copies , accompanied by a camera-ready original with the author 's name , e-mail address and affiliation to the following address : xxv incontro di grammatica generativa prof . luigi rizzi universita ' di siena scienze della comunicazione facolta ' di lettere e filosofia via del giglio 14 53100 siena fax number : + 39 0577 298461 ( please note that if you use fax , you can just send one anonymous copy together with the camera-ready one ) . deadline for submission of abstracts : december , 12 1998 the invited speaker to the conference will be ian roberts of the university of stuttgart . some information on how to get to siena and where to stay during the conference will be given in a following message . however , if you need to contact the organizers , please send an e-mail to : igg @ unisi . it
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2032,"Subject: call for papers
 
 call for papers annual conference of the caal ( canadian association of applied linguistics ) , 1999 ( during the annual meetings of the social sciences and humanities federation ) june 3 to 5 , 1999 university of sherbrooke , sherbrooke , quebec proposals are invited for individual presentations or colloquia on the two major themes : language planning and language pedagogy . open papers are also acceptable . for more information , please see the full text of the call for papers : http : / / www . uwo . ca / french / acla / caal98eng . html proposals should be sent by e-mail before december 18 , 1998 to aclacaal @ julian . uwo . ca * * * * * appel aux communications congres annuel de l ' acla ( association canadienne de linguistique appliquee ) du 3 au 5 juin 1999 ( pendant la rencontre annuelle de la federation des sciences humaines ) universite de sherbrooke , sherbrooke ( quebec ) le comite scientifique sollicite des propositions de communication et de symposium sur les deux themes principaux : l ' amenagement linguistique et la pedagogie des langues . les communications portant sur d ' autres sujets seront egalement acceptees . pour plus de renseignements , veuillez consulter le texte complet de l ' appel de communications : http : / / www . uwo . ca / french / acla / caal98fra . html les propositions doivent etre adressees avant le 18 decembre 1998 par electronique a aclacaal @ julian . uwo . ca = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = jeff tennant associate professor / professeur agrege departement de francais / department of french the university of western ontario london , ontario n6a 3k7 canada tel : ( 519 ) 661-2111 xt 5688 ( 519 ) 661-2163 ( messages ) fax : ( 519 ) 661-3470 jtennant @ julian . uwo . ca http : / / www . uwo . ca / french / = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
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2033,"Subject: semantics
 
 we would like to inform the members of linguist that a new book called semantiques , under the direction of michel chambreuil , has just been published in french by hermes . ( ben gharbia , bernigot , chambreuil , gamallo , panissod , reinberger ( 1998 ) , semantiques . paris , hermes . ) abstract : what can be , today , the object of the semantics of natural languages ? what hypotheses can be advanced on the entities associated to linguistic expressions , and on the operations involved in the processing of complex expressions ? implicit or explicit , these questions are present in all theoretical research on the semantics of natural language . by the analysis of different linguistic theories , following a similar outline for each of them , this book permits a critical reflection on these questions . it also aims at making the current research in which these theories are present more accessible for the reader . moreover , this research , by considering issues on the dynamics of the processing of information , its contextualisation , and the fundamental cognitive abilities of the speaker , is also in line with broader issues concerning , for instance , different domains of computer science or also cognitive sciences . the different theories dealt with are first order predicate logic , intensional semantics , boolean semantics , general semantics ( vanderveken ) , dynamic semantics , situation theory and cognitive grammar . the authors of this book , who are linguists , computer scientists , mathematicians , are members of the group of semantics of the laboratory of research on language ( lrl ) of the university blaise pascal , clermont ii . their research concerns the analysis of fundamental semantic principles , from specific issues such as : conceptual combination , coordination , quantification . michel chambreuil , mathematician and linguist , is professor at the university blaise pascal , clermont - ferrand , france . this book can be ordered : - on www . editions-hermes . fr , - or at the following adress : 8 , quai du march - neuf - 75004 paris - france , - or by fax ( 01 53 10 15 21 ) , - or by e-mail : hermes @ iway . fr
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2034,"Subject: isfc ' 99
 
 isfc99 - - the 26th systemic functional institute and congress department of english language & literature national university of singapore institute : 22-24 july 1999 congress : 26-30 july 1999 theme : linguistics and education on entering the 21st century the institute the three day institute preceding the congress offers courses in the theory and practice of systemic functional linguistics ( sfl ) by leading figures within the field . for those who are not familiar with the model , the courses can provide the necessary background for the congress which is to follow . the major themes that will be treated at the institute include grammar , discourse , sociolinguistics , education , literature , information technology and computational methods . the congress the congress will bring together systemic functional linguists and those interested in finding out more about the ever increasing range of applications of sfl . with the 26th international systemic functional congress ( isfc99 ) being held in singapore , we extend a specially warm welcome to australian and asian participants . in addition we hope that many from europe , north america and other parts will be able to join us here in what should be a very special occasion , with a list of plenary speakers that includes michael halliday , ruqaiya hasan , hu zhuanglin , jim martin , fran christie and michael o ' toole . the congress theme is linguistics and education on entering the 21st century . we welcome contributions from any of the growing number of theoretical and practical fields of sfl including extensions to other semiotic systems , and applications of sfl to education . while we expect the majority of papers and workshops to be located within a sfl framework , we welcome other contributions including those that offer an alternative perspective . call for offers of papers and workshops if you would like to offer a paper or a workshop , please send your proposal of one page ( a4 or us legal or email equivalent ) email , fax or hardcopy to the address below by 31st december 1998 . if you need a letter of acceptance for funding purposes , please inform us by marking your proposal "" urgent "" . papers should be designed to fit into a 40 minute slot which includes the time for questions and discussion . the workshops are three hours long . the workshops offer the opportunity for discussion , learning and improving skills such as developing theoretical knowledge and text analysis and demonstration of software and so forth . partial funding partial funding to attend the institute and congress will be considered in exceptional circumstances how to receive the second circular the second circular will contain details of the programme for the institute and congress , a list of the costs and the registration forms . it is essential that you write , fax or email us in order to receive a copy . the message need only be : "" request for second circular "" . also if you would like copies of the isfc99 poster , please let us know and we will forward the required number to you . address for correspondence and secretariat email : ellsfc99 @ nus . edu . sg post : isfc99 department of english language and literature national university of singapore 10 kent ridge crescent singapore 119260 fax : ( 65 ) 773 2981 website : further information will be posted on the website : http : / / www . fas . nus . edu . sg / ell / systemic / isfc-99 . html location of the institute and congress both the institute and congress will be held at the regional language centre ( relc ) , international hotel in the centre of singapore . this centre offers first rate conference facilities including accommodation , breakfasts and lunches ( and coffee breaks ) . more information about the facilities and what to do in singapore will be provided in the second circular . institute and congress organisers joseph foley , kay o'halloran , lionel wee , lisa lim , benny lee and vincent ooi and joyce james ( relc ) . any enquiries related to academic matters may be directed to : joe foley ellfoley @ nus . edu . sg kay o'halloran ellkoh @ leonis . nus . edu . sg
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2035,"Subject: dialogues on bakhtin
 
 dialogues on bakhtin : interdisciplinary readings mika lhteenmki & hannele dufva ( toim . ) jyvskyl : centre for applied language studies , 1998 . 116 s . the ideas of mikhail bakhtin ( 1895-1975 ) , who has become the foremost russian philosopher and thinker in the humanities , have received much scholarly interest in the recent years . thus , the legacy of bakhtin , which during his lifetime clearly belonged to the realm of ' unofficial ' , has by today gained a firm official and institutional status both in his homeland and in the west . the present volume represents an interdisciplinary view to the work of mikhail bakhtin . the articles cover ' bakhtinology proper ' as well as recontextualizations of bakhtinian metaphors within various disciplines , such as linguistics , psychology of language , literary criticism and psychotherapy . contents : c . brandist & d . shepherd : from saransk to cyberspace : towards an electronic edition of bakhtin v . makhlin : bakhtin against the current e . peuranen : bakhtin : soft and hard k . matilainen : bakhtin and modernity : crisis of the architechtonic , crisis of the dialogue , crisis of the carnivalesque m . lhteenmki : on dynamics and stability : saussure , voloshinov , and bakhtin o . - p . salo : developing language in social context : on the relationship between dialogical theory and the study of language acquisition h . dufva : from ' psycholinguistics ' to a dialogical psychology of language : aspects of the inner discourse ( s ) m . leiman : words as intersubjective mediator in psychotherapeutic discourse : the presence of hidden voices in patient utterances price : 80 fim inquiries and orders : centre for applied language studies university of jyvskyl , pl 35 , 40351 jyvskyl fax + 358-14 - 603 521 ; e-mail : toimisto @ kkkk . jyu . fi
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2036,"Subject: tei report , call for proposals
 
 the future of the tei report and final invitation for proposals 1 background information as reported on this list in early september , the text encoding initiative is considering options for its future organization and funding , and is actively exploring the possibility of a consortium or cooperative organization to support the maintenance and extension of the tei guidelines . on 3 - 4 october , the tei executive committee met with representatives of the tei 's sponsoring organizations ( ach , acl , and allc ) and of some prospective host institutions . the purpose of this note is - to report to the community on the steps being taken toward the goal of a new organization for the tei , - to outline for all concerned the current schedule of events leading toward a final decision , and - to reiterate the invitation for institutions interested in hosting a tei organization to contact the tei as soon as possible , in order to ensure that any proposals can receive full consideration . 2 issues list in the course of the meeting , we elaborated a list of issues which must be resolved in the course of any decision on the tei 's future organization and structure ; any proposal for organizing and hosting a tei structure is expected to address these questions . - intellectual property rights : the tei 's sponsoring organizations are taking steps to clarify the current status of rights in the tei ; any new structure needs to make clear how those rights are to be managed in the future . there is a strong conviction that in any new organizational structure the results of the tei 's work must remain publicly accessible , as they are now . - the governance and legal status of the proposed organization must be described . it is essential that the legal structure be one that allows full participation by institutions and individuals from all countries ; in particular , institutions in the european and north american countries where tei activity and use are currently most common should be on an equal footing . - proposals need to specify a plausible business plan and indicate the level of fees and other funding needed to make the proposed organization self-sustaining . the executive committee and sponsoring organizations have no particular requirements on this topic ( beyond the hope that membership fees not be prohibitively expensive ) ; prospective hosts must take into account the cultural differences between europe and america as regards fees for membership in consortia and cooperative organizations . - geography : there is a strong wish that the international flavor of the tei be maintained with regard to the membership , governance , and provision of service by a tei organization . - the tei has developed a structure and a set of procedures for organizing and carrying out the intellectual work of maintaining the guidelines ; proposals for the tei 's future need to specify in how far these procedures will be retained , and how they will be changed . - proposals for a tei organization should contain provisions describing what is to happen if the organization is unsuccessful ; such a fall-back plan should provide among other things for the reversion of the tei to the original sponsoring organizations . - the future role of the current sponsoring organizations in the future guidance of the tei must be spelled out . there is , in principle , a broad range of possibilities here ; in practice , the current sponsoring organizations wish to have some active role in the governance of the tei , at least for some initial period - - both in order to ensure continuity in the project and to demonstrate their continuing support for the tei and its goals . - the scope of the proposed organization or cooperative must also be clear - - where 's cope ' may be described in terms of discipline , or of type of activity , or of the common bases or foci of activities . the sponsoring organizations recognize that standards of many kinds may be relevant to the activities of their members , and they expect to continue collaborating with each other on standards of mutual concern . whatever institutional and organizational framework is set up for the tei must be in a position to collaborate flexibly with future initiatives of the sponsoring organizations ( as well as continuing the tei 's involvement in work on related standards like xml ) . 3 timetable the timetable for the decision about the future organization of the tei is as follows : 31 october 1998 : initial proposals should be received from prospective hosts . november 1998 : a review committee consisting of the tei executive committee and additional representatives from the sponsoring organizations will review and discuss the proposals and ask proposers for explanations and clarification of matters of detail in the proposals . 30 november 1998 : cut-off for the discussion process , and deadline for submission of revised proposals , with full institutional commitments . early to mid - december 1998 : a short list of proposals will be selected , and proposers will be notified and invited to give final presentations at a meeting in january 1999 . mid - january 1999 : meeting of review committee to receive final presentations , following which the sponsoring organizations will decide the future arrangements for the tei . 31 january 1999 : public announcement of the decision made by the sponsoring organizations will be made by the end of january . 4 invitation institutions interested in proposing to organize and host a tei organization ( or to make any other proposal for the future of the tei ) should contact the tei secretariat as soon as possible at the address below for further information , since initial proposals are expected at the end of october , and final proposals , including full institutional commitments , are due 30 november . members of the sponsoring organizations , or other users of the tei , who would like to express their views on any of the issues outlined above , or to suggest other issues that should be considered , are invited to comment on tei - l , or to contact the appropriate bodies within their association , or to write directly to the tei executive committee in care of the address below . - c . m . sperberg - mcqueen , university of illinois at chicago lou burnard , oxford university tei secretariat : c . m . sperberg - mcqueen , tei @ uic . edu
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2037,"Subject: cfp : foundation for endangered langages
 
 the foundation for endangered languages is now accepting proposals for projects of work that will support , enable or assist the documentation , protection or promotion of one or more endangered languages . please pass on this announcement to your friends and colleagues in endangered language communities who may not have access to the internet or e-mail . form for submissions there is a form which defines the content of appropriate proposals , and this may be obtained from the foundation 's liaison officer , christopher moseley , < chris _ moseley @ mon . bbc . co . uk > 2 wanbourne lane , nettlebed . oxfordshire rg9 5ah england fax + 44-1491 - 641922 all proposals must be submitted in this form , to ensure comparability ( although see note 4 below ) . deadline the time-limit for proposals to be considered in the current round will be the 8th of november 1998 . by that date , proposals and supporting testimonials must reach christopher moseley , at the address specified in the form . the fel committee will announce its decision before the 31st of december 1998 . four points to note especially : 1 . the foundation 's funds are extremely limited and it is not anticipated that any award will be greater than us $ 1 , 000 . smaller proposals stand a better chance of funding . 2 . where possible , work undertaken within endangered language communities themselves will be preferred . 3 . the foundation for endangered languages ( fel ) is a separate from the endangered language fund ( elf ) < elf @ haskins . yale . edu > , which is also announcing its request for proposals about now , but on a somewhat different timescale . it is perfectly possible ( and has indeed occurred in the past ) that the same project can be partially funded by both fel and elf . 4 . those who have already submitted proposals to fel speculatively should contact chris moseley to confirm what information , if any , still needs to be submitted . the form should be used to submit this additional information . nicholas ostler president foundation for endangered languages uk registered charity 1070616 http : / / www . bris . ac . uk / depts / philosophy / ctll / fel / batheaston villa , 172 bailbrook lane bath ba1 7aa england + 44-1225 - 85-2865 fax + 44-1225 - 85-9258 nostler @ chibcha . demon . co . uk
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2038,"Subject: arabic linguistics socitey program
 
 the arabic linguistics society together with the university of illinois at champaign - urbana announce the twelfth annual symposium on arabic linguistics march 6 - 8 , 1998 friday , march 6 morning session 8 : 30 - 8 : 45 registration 8 : 45 - 9 : 00 welcoming remarks 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 hypocoristic formation in ammani - jordanian arabic bushra zawaydeh and stuart davis , indiana university 9 : 30 - 10 : 00 an acoustic - articulatory study of uvularization khalil iskarous , university of illinois 10 : 00-10 : 30 the phonology of emphasis and timbre in moroccan arabic mostafa shoul , mohammed i university 10 : 30-11 : 00 the spreading effect of emphatic consonants on long vowels in modern standard arabic ahmed alioua , universit cadi ayyad 11 : 00-11 : 15 coffee 11 : 15-12 : 15 modes of interrogation guest speaker : joseph aoun university of southern california afternoon session 2 : 00 - 2 : 30 checking and licensing inside dp in arabic m . a . mohammad , university of florida 2 : 30 - 3 : 00 dialect variation in arabic : the case of tetuani arabic and spanish arabic jamal ouhalla , university of london 3 : 00 - 3 : 15 coffee 3 : 15 - 3 : 45 free relatives in lebanese arabic lina choueiri , university of southern california 3 : 45 - 4 : 15 principled concordance peter hallman , ucla 4 : 15 - 4 : 45 arabic morphological causatives : numeration and local economy mark letourneau , weber state university 4 : 45 - 5 : 15 correspondence in arabic morphology ali idrissi , king abdulaziz university 6 : 00 reception , colonial room saturday , march 7 morning session 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 ( 8 ) and ( 9 ) as ternary and binary variables in damascus arabic jamil daher , new york university 9 : 30 - 10 : 00 avoidance behavior in writing arabic : an exploratory study of l1 linguistic insecurity kirk belnap , byu 10 : 00-10 : 30 contact between arabic and arabic : distancing frames in reported speech niloofar haeri , johns hopkins university 10 : 30-11 : 00 code alternations among arabic speakers in america kamel a . elsaadany , university of illinois at urbana - champaign 11 : 00-11 : 15 coffee 11 : 15-12 : 15 traditional arabic grammar and modern functional linguistics : unity in diversity guest speaker : ahmed moutaouakil mohammed v university afternoon session 2 : 00 - 2 : 30 relative clauses in moroccan arabic : a discourse perspective ahmed fakhri , west virginia university 2 : 30 - 3 : 00 on inna , anna , et alia david testen , university of chicago 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 on some phonetic and orthographic phenomenon as attested in an 11th - century judeo - arabic work maria angeles gallego , emory university 3 : 30 - 3 : 45 coffee 3 : 45 - 4 : 15 computational tool for developing morpho - phonological models for arabic george anton kiraz , bell laboratories 4 : 15 - 4 : 45 arabic stem morpho - tactics via finite - state intersection kenneth r . beesley , xerox research centre europe 4 : 45 - 5 : 15 testing lexical differences in regional standard arabics dilworth b . parkinson , brigham young university , and zeinab ibrahim , the american university in cairo sunday , march 8 morning session 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 acquisition of binding in l1 arabic naomi bolotin , university of kansas 9 : 30 - 10 : 00 do we need control theory ? ibtissam kortobi , university of southern california 10 : 00-10 : 30 secondary predication in the syntax of arabic wafaa batran wahba , mansura university 10 : 30-10 : 45 coffee 10 : 45-11 : 15 the construct state in arabic moha ennaji , university of fes 11 : 15-11 : 45 the syntax of small clauses in moroccan arabic fatima sadiqi , university of fes registration form name address city / state zip country affiliation email address amount enclosed : preregistration ( deadline : feb . 16 , 1998 ) $ 15 als 1998 membership dues : at the door $ 20 students $ 10 faculty & students , university of illinois free faculty $ 15 checks , drawn on us banks , or international money orders should be made payable to the arabic linguistics society and sent with registration forms to : tessa hauglid , 759 west 1800 north , west bountiful , ut 84087 , usa ( email : tessa . hauglid @ m . cc . utah . edu ) . the symposium will be held at the illini union , 1401 west green st . , urbana , illinois . the hotel offers symposium participants reduced rates : $ 60 single , $ 68 double . reservations may be made by contacting the hotel directly at ( 217 ) 333-3030 . the lincoln lodge , within a short walking distance of the illini at 403 west university avenue , is also offering a special rate of $ 48 . 89 for symposium participants . reservations may be made by calling ( 217 ) 367-1111 . at both hotels , mention the arabic linguistics society to obtain conference rates . airlines which fly into champaign include : american , usair , united , and twa . for further information regarding arrangements at the university , contact elabbas benmamoun : tel . ( 217 ) 333-7129 ; fax ( 217 ) 333-3466 ; email benmamou @ lees . cogsci . uiuc . edu . check out the als website at http : / / lees . cogsci . uiuc . edu : 80 / linguistics / arabic / index . html . arabic linguistics society 759 west 1800 north west bountiful , ut 84087 usa
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2039,"Subject: workshop on language change in japan and east asia
 
 call for papers workshop on language change in japan and east asia university of sheffield , uk 21st - 23rd may 1999 deadline : all submissions must be received by january 10 , 1999 . this workshop aims to provide a forum for presenting research on language change in japanese and other east asian languages ( chinese , korean ) , putting language change in the individual languages into a broader east asian context . we especially encourage presentations which investigate more than one language . potential topics include , but are not limited to : emergence of vernacular vs classical language , historical phonology , japanese - korean - altaic relationship , historical syntax , neologism , loanwords , english influence , standardisation and the fate of dialects or minority languages , role of kanji , etc . abstracts submitted must represent original , unpublished research . presentations will be 20 minutes long , plus 10 minutes for questions and discussion . please submit : 1 ) a clearly titled 1 page abstract for review . examples and references may be given on a second page . if your paper is accepted , this abstract will be included in the conference handbook . no changes in the title or the authors ' names will be possible after acceptance . 2 ) for each author , one copy of the information form printed at the bottom of this message . please include a self-addressed , stamped postcard for acknowledgment of receipt . notice of acceptance or rejection will be sent by march , 1999 . pre - registration materials and a preliminary programme schedule will also be available in march , 1999 . it is anticipated that a volume based on papers presented at the workshop will be published . send submissions to : workshop on language change in japan and east asia school of east asian studies university of sheffield floor 5 , arts tower western bank sheffield s10 2tn telephone : + 44-114 - 222-8400 fax : + 44-114 - 222-8432 e - mail : t . e . mcauley @ sheffield . ac . uk email submission of abstracts is encouraged . author information form ( one to be filled out completely for each author ) title : topic area : audio - visual equipment requests : full name : affiliation : contact address : email address : contact telephone number :
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2040,"Subject: language planning and language pedagogy
 
 * * * call for papers annual conference of the caal ( canadian association of applied linguistics ) , 1999 ( during the annual meetings of the social sciences and humanities federation ) june 3 to 5 , 1999 university of sherbrooke , sherbrooke , quebec proposals are invited for individual presentations or colloquia on the two major themes : language planning and language pedagogy . open papers are also acceptable . for more information , please see the full text of the call for papers : http : / / www . uwo . ca / french / acla / caal98eng . html proposals should be sent by e-mail before december 18 , 1998 to aclacaal @ julian . uwo . ca * * * * * appel aux communications congres annuel de l ' acla ( association canadienne de linguistique appliquee ) du 3 au 5 juin 1999 ( pendant la rencontre annuelle de la federation des sciences humaines ) universite de sherbrooke , sherbrooke ( quebec ) le comite scientifique sollicite des propositions de communication et de symposium sur les deux themes principaux : l ' amenagement linguistique et la pedagogie des langues . les communications portant sur d ' autres sujets seront egalement acceptees . pour plus de renseignements , veuillez consulter le texte complet de l ' appel de communications : http : / / www . uwo . ca / french / acla / caal98fra . html les propositions doivent etre adressees avant le 18 decembre 1998 par courrier electronique a aclacaal @ julian . uwo . ca
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2041,"Subject: toc : journal of african languages and linguistics ( jall ) 19 : 1 ( 1998 )
 
 journal of african languages and linguistics volume 19 : 1 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york marie k . huffman and thomas j . hinnebusch . . . . . . the phonetic nature of ` voiceless ' nasals in pokomo : implications for sound change e . kweku osam . . . . . . . . . . . . . complementation in akan book reviews philip baker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . creoles , pidgins , varietes vehiculaires . proces et genese , by gabriel manessy herman m . batibo . . . . . . . . . . topics in african linguistics , by salikoko s . mufwene and lioba moshi ( eds . ) bruce connell . . . . . . . . . . . . . historical perspectives on chamba daka , by raymond boyd jan daeleman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . luba sprichwoerter . uebersetzte , erweiterte und ueberarbeitete ausgabe einer anonymen sammlung aus zaire , and tonrelationen in luba-sprich - woertern . reimformen auf suprasegmentaler ebene bei den baluba und beena-luluwa in zaire , by hans - ingolf weier jean l . doneux . . . . . . . . . . . . a grammar of kisi , a southern atlantic language , by g . tucker childs margo a . e . fransen . . . . . . . . discourse features of ten languages of west-central africa , by stephen h . levinson ( ed . ) kamanda kola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . la langue mondo : esquisse grammaticale , textes et dictionnaire , by andre vallaeys christa koenig . . . . . . . . . . . . perspektiven afrikanistischer forschung . beitraege zur linguistik , ethnologie , geschichte , philosophie und literatur . x . afrikanistentag , by thomas bearth , wilhelm j . g . moehlig , beat sottas and edgar suter ( eds . ) dieke rietkerk . . . . . . . . . . . . talk , thought and thing - the emic road towards conscious knowledge , by kenneth l . pike vincent de rooji . . . . . . . . . . codeswitching in gambia : eine soziolinguistische untersuchung von mandinka , wolof und englisch in kontakt , by delia haust recent publications in african linguistics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
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2042,"Subject: the linguistic review 15 / 2 - 3 ( 1998 ) special issue : greek syntax
 
 the linguistic review volume 15 / 2 - 3 ( 1998 ) special issue greek syntax : from minimality to optimality edited by gaberell drachman and dimitra theophanopoulou - kontou mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york editorial preface gaberell drachman . . . . . . . . . the syntax of early greek irene philippaki - warburton functional categories and modern greek syntax spyridoula varlokosta , anne vainikka and bernhard rohrbacher . . . . . . . functional projections , markedness , and ` root infinitives ' in early child greek chrysoula klidi . . . . . . . . . . . negative polarity items and negative quantifiers in modern greek : two in one or one in two ? anastasia giannakidou and jason merchant . . . . . . . . . . . . reverse sluicing in english and greek artemis alexiadou and melita stavrou . . . . . . . . . . . . ( a ) symmetries in dps and clauses : evidence from derived nominals filippo beghelli . . . . . . . . . . mood and the interpretation of indefinites _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
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2043,"Subject: glot international 3 - 7
 
 g l o t i n t e r n a t i o n a l editors : lisa lai - shen cheng and rint sybesma < mailto : glot @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl > < http : / / www . hag . nl / glot . htm > table of contents , vol . 3 , issue 7 ( september 1998 ) * state - of-the - article * ljiljana progovac on structure for coordination ( part i ) "" while counterexamples do not necessarily falsify a theory , it seems safe to conclude that counterexamples do indeed falsify a generalization that does not follow from a theory , which seems to be the case with coordination of likes constraint . "" * column * neil smith on jackdaws , sex and language acquisition "" in fact , ethologists make pretty good mothers compared to the average jackdaw . "" * dissertations * willem visser 's the frisian syllable ( vu amsterdam , 1997 ) reviewed by sam rosenthall norvin richards ' what moves where when in which language ? ( mit , 1997 ) reviewed by andrew simpson * book reviews * roger schwarzschild 's pluralities ( kluwer 1996 ) reviewed by sjaak de mey * goodies * sean crist and tony kroch 's trees reviewed by colin phillips * book notice * shohei yoshida 's phonological government in japanese ( australian national u , 1997 ) ( krisztina polgardi ) "" the number of death "" a linguistic mystery in eight installments by chris sidney tappan chapter 6 : supporting datas
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2044,"Subject: pragmatics : m . roelofs : "" hoe bedoel je ? ""
 
 new from holland academic graphics : "" hoe bedoel je ? "" de verwerving van pragmatische vaardigheden door marja roelofs in "" hoe bedoel je ? "" de verwerving van pragmatische vaardigheden wordt de ontwikkeling van een groot aantal pragmatische aspecten bij nederlandstalige kinderen in de leeftijd tussen 4 en 9 jaar beschre - ven . deze jaren zijn interessant omdat een kind , als het op z ' n vierde naar school gaat , plotseling met veel meer communicatief verschillende situaties geconfronteerd wordt dan thuis ; zo zal het nu bijvoorbeeld veel vaker met vreemden moeten communiceren . de pragmatische aspecten zijn bestudeerd in twee verschillende genres van taalgebruik , namelijk een conversatie met een volwassene ( stap - gesprek ) en een vertelling . de verwerving van de produktie van spontane taal staat hierbij centraal . de eerste helft van het boek richt zich op een beschrijving van het pragmatische onderzoeksveld in het algemeen en op pragmatische ontwikkeling in het bijzonder . aan de hand van de resultaten , gepresen - teerd in de hoofdstukken 4 , 5 en 6 , worden in hoofdstuk 7 een aantal pragmatische ontwikkelingslijnen geschetst . inhoud : 1 . introductie van het onderzoekskader 2 . de onderzoekslite - ratuur 3 . de onderzoeksopzet en de onderzoeksvragen 4 . analyse en resultaten : de structuur van de conversatie 5 . analyse en resultaten : de functie en de inhoud van de conversatie 6 . analyse en resultaten : de narratie en de vergelijking tussen de twee genres 7 . discussie en aanbevelingen 1998 . 232 pp . isbn 90-5569 - 048 - 1 . paperback . [ lot international series 5 . ifott / university of amsterdam dissertation ] price for individuals ordering directly from hag : nlg 38 . 40 ( excl . p&p and vat ) . holland academic graphics , the hague < http : \ \ www . hag . nl >
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2045,"Subject: esther torrego , the dependencies of objects
 
 for more information please visit http : / / mitpress . mit . edu / promotions / books / tordpf98 the dependencies of objects esther torrego this monograph investigates the nature , properties , and consequences of the grammatical constraints that yield overt marking of objects in a variety of languages . the author , working within the minimalist program , concentrates on the syntactic and semantic behaviors of a particular class of objects : objects morphologically marked by the dative preposition in romance languages , especially in several spanish dialects , with consideration of similar phenomena in other languages . the central questions addressed revolve around the syntactic derivations that have accusative and dative complements and the role played by "" doubling "" clitics in these derivations . the analysis , concerned primarily with case theory , unifies syntactic phenomena by isolating the grammatical factors that yield structures with accusative and dative objects . the monograph also includes a discussion of some classical themes of syntactic theory in the romance languages , including asymmetries in the wh-movement of objects with clitics , and causatives . esther torrego is professor of spanish and linguistics at the university of massachusetts , boston . linguistic inquiry monograph 34 september 1998 6 x 9 , 216 pp . paper , isbn 0-262 - 70068 - 9 ; cloth , isbn 0-262 - 20112 - 7
",0
2046,"Subject: theoretical and applied linguistics
 
 first call for papers 44th annual conference , international linguistic association april 16-18 , 1999 , new york university , ny , ny major theme : gender & language while papers on the major theme are especially solicited , abstracts on any subject in theoretical and applied linguistics are welcomed . one - page , single-spaced , anonymous abstracts should clearly state the problems addressed , or research quetions , and some indication of results or conclusions . send via e-mail to the conference chair . simultaneously , send 3 hard , camera-ready coies , plus a 3x5 card bearing name , title of paper , addresses , affiliation , audio-visual equipment needed and time desired ( maximum 20 minutes plus discussion ) to the conference secretary . submissions on diskettes will not be accepted . those wishing to propose panels , or special sessions , etc . , should contact the conference chair . deadline for recept of abstracts is january 4 , 1999 . send e-mail to the chair : hard copies & card to the secretary : deakins @ frontier . wilpaterson . edu johanna j . woltjer prof . alice h . deakins 511 west 112 st . english dept . new york , ny 10025 william paterson university ( 212 ) 749-3366 wayne , nj 07470 ( 973 ) 720-2582
",0
2047,"Subject: romance languages
 
 lsrl 29 second call for papers the xxix linguistic symposium on romance languages university of michigan april 8-11 , 1999 deadline for receipt of abstracts : december 15 , 1998 invited speakers : james harris ( mit ) esther torrego ( umass ) enric vallduvi ( universitat pompeu fabra ) dieter wanner ( osu ) ( parasession ; see below ) main session abstracts are invited for 20 - minute talks ( plus 10 minutes for discussion ) on any aspect of romance linguistics . authors are asked to send six ( 6 ) copies of an anonymous abstract and one additional copy with the author 's name and affiliation ( the latter will be reproduced in the meeting handbook if the paper is accepted for presentation ) . abstracts should be no more than two pages in length ( including examples and references ) , in 12 - point type . all margins should be at least one inch wide ( or 2 . 5 cm ) . please also include a legible 3 "" x 5 "" card with paper title , name of author ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , address , phone number , and e-mail address . to facilitate the review process , please indicate the primary area of linguistics addressed in the paper . those who wish to be considered for both the main session and the parasession ( see below ) should send two sets of materials ( please indicate main session / parasession ) . submissions are limited to a maximum of one individual and one joint abstract per author . e - mail submissions will be accepted , provided that a camera-ready hardcopy is received no later than december 24 , 1998 ( sorry , no faxes will be accepted ) . preference will be given to presentations not duplicated at other major conferences ( e . g . , lsa , nels , wccfl ) . authors are asked to indicate prior or planned presentations of their papers on the abstract submission card . notification : no later than february 2 , 1999 . parasession : new solutions to old problems : issues in romance historical linguistics organized by steven dworkin invited speaker : dieter wanner ( osu ) abstracts for twenty-minute papers are invited for a parasesison on the theme "" new solutions to old problems : issues in romance historical linguistics . "" this session seeks to explore how developments in such fields as grammaticalization , typology , sociolinguistics , language contact , formal theory , etc . may offer new insights into explaining changes that have ocurred in the development over time of the romance languages . papers should deal with specific changes in individual romance languages or with evolutionary trends in the romance family as a whole . papers that are in essence synchronic descriptions of attested older states of romance languages are not suitable for this parasession . abstract guidelines are the same as those for the main session . all submissions should be sent to : lsrl 29 organizing committee ( main session ) d . cresti , t . satterfield , & c . tortora program in linguistics 1076 frieze building university of michigan ann arbor , mi 48109-1285 usa lsrl 29 organizing committee ( parasession ) s . dworkin program in linguistics 1076 frieze building university of michigan ann arbor , mi 48109-1285 usa telephone numbers : diana cresti : ( 734 ) 763-9172 steven dworkin : ( 734 ) 764-4381 teresa satterfield : ( 734 ) 647-2158 christina tortora : ( 734 ) 764-3725 fax : ( 734 ) 936-3406 e - mail : lsrl @ umich . edu webpage : http : / / www . umich . edu / ~ lsrl
",0
2048,"Subject: workshop on the history of linguistics
 
 einladung zu einem gemeinsamen seminar workshop / colloque de recherche universitt potsdam - universit stendhal ( grenoble 3 ) histoire des sciences du langage 30 . / 31 . 10 . 1998 universitt potsdam , universittskomplex golm , kleiner senatssaal , haus 14 programme / ablauf 30 . 10 : 9-10 . 15 : bernard colombat ( grenoble ) : la grammaire latine en france ( xvie - xviiie s . ) : thories et pdagogie 10 . 45-12 . 00 nathalie fournier ( grenoble ) : la grammaire du franais l ' ge classique 14 . 30-15 . 30 martine furno ( grenoble ) : lapparition du bilinguisme dans les dictionnaires latins au xvie sicle 16 . 00-17 . 00 cordula neis ( potsdam ) : le dbat sur l ' origine du langage l ' acadmie de berlin 17 . 00-18 . 00 gerda haler ( potsdam ) : langage et cognition au sicle des lumires 31 . 10 10-11 sabine schwarze ( halle ) : la rflexion sur la traduction au 18e sicle 11-12 bernard colombat ( grenoble ) : le projet dun corpus reprsentatif des grammaires et des traditions linguistiques 12-13 gerda haler ( potsdam ) : le projet d ' un dictionnaire des thories linguistiques du 17e et 18e sicle
",0
2049,"Subject: languaging 99 : a conference across literature , linguistics , and writing
 
 extended submission deadlines ! ! ! ! ! ! ! call for papers languaging 99 : a conference across literature , linguistics , and writing sponsored by the university of north texas and the gsea conference dates 4 - 6 march 1999 conference location university of north texas , denton , texas conference purpose languaging 99 offers a forum for scholars from the disciplines of linguistics , literature , and writing , as well as the related disciplines of anthropology , art , communication theory , cultural studies , film , history , music , philosophy , psychology , theater , etc . , to examine "" language "" and "" texts "" both within these disciplines and across these disciplines . submission deadlines u . s . mail : postmarked 25 october 1998 email : 1 november 1998 notification : 10 december 1998 submissions we encourage submissions that examine "" language "" and "" texts "" both within and across the following : - - literature - - linguistics - - writing ( includes rhetoric / composition , technical writing , creative writing ) - - related disciplines ( includes anthropology , art , communication theory , cultural studies , film , history , music , philosophy , psychology , theater ) we welcome submissions that deal with - - cognitive linguistics - - conceptual metaphor - - linguistic analysis of literature instructions for submitting please find complete instructions for submitting - - paper abstracts - - creative submissions - - symposia proposals at our website http : / / www . unt . edu / languaging we encourage submissions from graduate students as well as professional scholars . we cannot accept submissions by fax . we accept submissions via e-mail at linglit @ unt . edu or u . s . mail at languaging 99 university of north texas department of english p . o . box 311307 denton , tx 76203-1307 contacts for more information for more conference information , please write to languaging 99 university of north texas department of english p . o . box 311307 denton , tx 76203-1307 or direct your questions to linglit @ unt . edu visit our web site at www . unt . edu / languaging for updated information about - - plenary speakers - - conference registration - - travel and hotels
",0
2050,"Subject: logic and natural language semantics
 
 esslli-99 workshop : foundations of intensional logic and natural language semantics call for papers the main focus of the european summer schools in logic , language and information is the interface between linguistics , logic and computation . it is organized under the auspices of the european association for logic , language and information ( folli ) . foundational , introductory and advanced courses together with workshops cover a wide variety of topics within six areas of interest : logic , computation , language , logic and computation , computation and language , language and logic . previous summer schools have been highly successful , attracting around 500 students from europe and elsewhere . the school has developed into an important meeting place and forum for discussion for students and researchers interested in the interdisciplinary study of logic , language and information . esslli-99 will take place at the university of utrecht , the netherlands , august 9-20 . in its first week it will feature a worskshop on foundations of intensional logic and natural language semantics . its aim is to provide a forum for advanced ph . d . students and other researchers to present and discuss their work on the following issues . intensional logic lies at the heart of a montague - style natural language semantics . it involves a representation of properties , relations and propositions ( prps ) . in traditional montague grammar , prps are characterized in terms of possible worlds , and the logico-semantic paradoxes are avoided by using a russellian hierarchy of types . the problems with this traditional approach ( e . g . , logical omniscience and expressive limitations ) have led to the flourishing of more fine - grained notions of prp , and to type-free solutions to the paradoxes ( gupta and belnap , barwise and etchemendy , cocchiarella , bealer , asher and kamp , chierchia and turner , etc . ) . the new approaches have problems of their own and no new framework has become standard . this workshop thus will explore and compare well - known or newly proposed foundational approaches for an intensional logic that can serve the purposes of natural language semantics . if you are interested in presenting your research , please send a two page abstract to : francesco orilia orilia @ unimc . it dipartimento di filosofia e scienze umane ph . + 39 ( 0733 ) 258 305 universit = e0 di macerata fax + 39 ( 0733 ) 235 339 62100 macerata italy the submission deadline is : march 15 , 1999 . workshop speakers will pay a reduced essli-99 registration fee , which will entitle them to attend all other courses and workshops . it may be possible to allocate a sum of about 100 ecu to partially cover the expenses of each workshop speaker . there will soon be an esslli ' 99 web page at : http : / / esslli . let . uu . nl / .
",0
2051,"Subject: romance languages
 
 lsrl 29 second call for papers the xxix linguistic symposium on romance languages university of michigan april 8-11 , 1999 deadline for receipt of abstracts : december 15 , 1998 invited speakers : james harris ( mit ) esther torrego ( umass ) enric vallduvi ( universitat pompeu fabra ) dieter wanner ( osu ) ( parasession ; see below ) main session abstracts are invited for 20 - minute talks ( plus 10 minutes for discussion ) on any aspect of romance linguistics . authors are asked to send six ( 6 ) copies of an anonymous abstract and one additional copy with the author 's name and affiliation ( the latter will be reproduced in the meeting handbook if the paper is accepted for presentation ) . abstracts should be no more than two pages in length ( including examples and references ) , in 12 - point type . all margins should be at least one inch wide ( or 2 . 5 cm ) . please also include a legible 3 "" x 5 "" card with paper title , name of author ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , address , phone number , and e-mail address . to facilitate the review process , please indicate the primary area of linguistics addressed in the paper . those who wish to be considered for both the main session and the parasession ( see below ) should send two sets of materials ( please indicate main session / parasession ) . submissions are limited to a maximum of one individual and one joint abstract per author . e - mail submissions will be accepted , provided that a camera-ready hardcopy is received no later than december 24 , 1998 ( sorry , no faxes will be accepted ) . preference will be given to presentations not duplicated at other major conferences ( e . g . , lsa , nels , wccfl ) . authors are asked to indicate prior or planned presentations of their papers on the abstract submission card . notification : no later than february 2 , 1999 . parasession : new solutions to old problems : issues in romance historical linguistics organized by steven dworkin invited speaker : dieter wanner ( osu ) abstracts for twenty-minute papers are invited for a parasesison on the theme "" new solutions to old problems : issues in romance historical linguistics . "" this session seeks to explore how developments in such fields as grammaticalization , typology , sociolinguistics , language contact , formal theory , etc . may offer new insights into explaining changes that have ocurred in the development over time of the romance languages . papers should deal with specific changes in individual romance languages or with evolutionary trends in the romance family as a whole . papers that are in essence synchronic descriptions of attested older states of romance languages are not suitable for this parasession . abstract guidelines are the same as those for the main session . all submissions should be sent to : lsrl 29 organizing committee ( main session ) d . cresti , t . satterfield , & c . tortora program in linguistics 1076 frieze building university of michigan ann arbor , mi 48109-1285 usa lsrl 29 organizing committee ( parasession ) s . dworkin program in linguistics 1076 frieze building university of michigan ann arbor , mi 48109-1285 usa telephone numbers : diana cresti : ( 734 ) 763-9172 steven dworkin : ( 734 ) 764-4381 teresa satterfield : ( 734 ) 647-2158 christina tortora : ( 734 ) 764-3725 fax : ( 734 ) 936-3406 e - mail : lsrl @ umich . edu webpage : http : / / www . umich . edu / ~ lsrl
",0
2052,"Subject: avail for review : syntax , chomsky
 
 the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , ph . d . , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not include an electronic cv or a url linking to a personal homepage . these will be ignored . please also send a surface mail address for us to send the book to . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * syntax : esther torrego ( 1998 ) the dependencies of objects . mit press . this monograph investigates the nature , properties , and consequences of the grammatical constraints that yield overt marking of objects in a variety of languages . the author , working within the minimalist program , concentrates on the syntactic and semantic behaviors of a particular class of objects : objects morphologically marked by the dative preposition in romance languages , especially in several spanish dialects , with consideration of similar phenomena in other languages . noam chomsky - biography * * * special note : the reviewer for the following volume should be willing to review not only the book , but also the interactive web site associated with the book . the reviewer must therefore have web-reading software and knowledge of the www * * * robert f . barsky ( 1997 ) noam chomsky : a life of dissent . mit press cambridge . this biography describes the intellectual and political milieus that helped shape noam chomsky , a pivotal figure in contemporary linguistics , politics , cognitive psychology , and philosophy . it also presents an engaging polical history of the last several decades . the book highlights chomsky 's views on the uses and misuses of the university as an institution , his assessment of useful political engagement and his dobuts about postmodernism . because chomsky is given ample space to articulate his views on many of the major issues relating to his work , both linguistic and political , this book can also be seen as the autobiography that chomsky says he will never write .
",0
2053,"Subject: avail for review : syntax , prosody , semantics
 
 the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , ph . d . , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not include an electronic cv or a url linking to a personal homepage . these will be ignored . please also send a surface mail address for us to send the book to . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * syntax : klein , henny ( 1998 ) adverbs of degree in dutch and related languages . john benjamins syntax : bennis , pica & rooryck ( 1998 ) atomism and binding . foris publishers ( distributed by holland academic graphics ) syntax & prosody : zubizarreta , maria luisa ( 1998 ) prosody , focus , and word order . mit press : cambridge semantics bayer , samuel ( 1997 ) confessions of a lapsed neo - davidsonian . garland press . ny .
",0
2054,"Subject: computer assisted learning of french ( special edition of "" call "" )
 
 call for papers computer assisted learning of french guest editor : michael zock ( limsi , cnrs ) ( submission deadline : 10 march 98 ) the international journal call will devote a special issue to the research on computer assisted language learning of french . the goal of this special issue is to offer an acurate description of what has been achieved , both outside and inside france , and i invite you to submit research contributions representing original , previously unpublished work . scope papers are invited on any topic related to computer assisted language learning of french . though desirable , they do not need to report on implemented work : new research ideas are of paramount importance in this guest issue . topics could include : ( i ) the learning of low-level skills such as : * grammar * vocabulary * spelling * pronunciation ( ii ) the learning of higher level skills : * nl - generation or comprehension * discourse planning * composition ( making an outline ) * abstract creation , r \ 233sum \ 233s * machine - aided translation * cognitive issues ( iii ) development of computational tools : * grammar environment * writer 's workbench * spelling checkers * coherence checkers * on - line help to dictionaries * natural language interfaces * multimodal interfaces * navigation aids * hypertext tools format of submissions papers should be written in english ( this is the international language used in this journal ) and should not exceed 18 pages ( in a 12pt proportional font ) including figures and references . they should also include the author 's name , affiliation and address ( incl . phone number , e-mail address ) , as well as an abstract and key words , indicating which of the thematic areas best describe the content of the paper . electronic submissions in ms - word , or plain text format are also welcome ( please avoid latex ) . submission procedure three hard copy submissions should be sent to : michael zock limsi - cnrs , bp 133 f-91403 orsay , france email : zock @ limsi . fr submissions must be received no later than 10 march 1998 . all submissions will be thoroughly evaluated by at least two reviewers . acceptance will be based on originality , importance , technical soundness , clarity of exposition and relevance to the subject of the special issue . authors will be notified of the editorial decision by 31 march 1998 . important dates * deadline for submission : 10 march 1998 * notification of acceptance : 31 march 1998 * camera - ready copies : 30 april 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * michael zock langage & cognition phone : + ( 33 - 1 ) 69 85 80 24 limsi - cnrs fax : + ( 33 - 1 ) 69 85 80 88 91403 orsay / france e - mail : zock @ limsi . fr * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
2055,"Subject: language resources & evaluation workshop
 
 workshop announcement and call for papers linguistic coreference workshop 26 may 1998 , morning session held in conjunction with the first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain ( 28-30 may 1998 ) workshop aims it is essential , for a natural language processing system , to instantiate each object , process , attribute , and property correctly , so that all references to the same item be recognized as such and an inventory of all distinct items be accurate at all times . this problem is far from being resolved . there are both linguistic and computational reasons for this deficiency . first , there is no satisfactory microtheory of linguistic coreference . secondly and consequently , there is no satisfactory application of such a microtheory to nlp . a microtheory of coreference in natural language includes in its scope all the phenomena that satisfy the following condition : an object / entity , an event , an attribute , a property or its value , an attitude , or any combination of the above is referred to more than once in a natural-language text , and the understanding of the text depends on the correct interpretation of the two or more referring expressions as designating the same object , event , etc . a linguistic microtheory of coreference for a language consists of the following elements : - a complete range of covered phenomena in the language ; - a taxonomy of the range ; - a typology of the range ; - a list of rules forming the various types of coreference ; - a list of rules interpreting the various types of coreference . there has been a considerable amount of work on a few selected types of coreference , focusing almost exclusively on object coreference . thus , significant work has been done in theoretical linguistics on anaphora and cataphora , subsuming , for the large part , earlier work on deixis . a small minority of authors have tried to extend their studies of anaphora beyond mere syntax . in the cognitive-linguistics and philosophy-of - language traditions , interesting work has been done relating anaphora and deixis to ambiguity resolution and discourse structure . at the same time , an effort in comparative-contrastive linguistics has led some writers to examining the data of more than one language at a time , still emphasizing entity or object reference . in computational linguistics , the problem of coreference took early on the form of pronoun antecedent resolution , and this particular task , somewhat broadened to include a few other types of anaphora , still remains in the center of the problem . the most sustained effort in the computational treatment of coreference has been mounted within the tipster / muc - 6 initiative . while it has been recognized since quite early in the game that coreference resolution is based in large part on world knowledge , most of the work done on the matter computationally and theoretically ignores and avoids world knowledge . the muc - 6 initiative makes such an orientation quite explicit : the work should be based on such simpler resources as part-of - speech tagging , simple noun phrase recognition , basic semantic category information like , gender , number , and [ to a limited extent ] full parse trees . such an approach - - trying to explore and maximize everything that can be done simply and cheaply towards the resolution of a complex program - - is perfectly legitimate as long as it is realized that a considerable part of the problem remains unsolved , and it is indeed realized fully well within the muc - 6 initiative . one persistent problem throughout the existing computational ventures into coreference has been the lack of a consistent theoretical approach to it . the result is that coreference phenomena are treated as self-obvious , and most of them are overlooked , especially if they are not explicit pronoun-antecedent or other equally evident anaphora cases . what is needed for a full , accurate , and reliable approach to coreference can be summarized , somewhat schematically , as involving the following steps : 1 . understanding fully the range of the phenomenon and of the rules that govern it ( theory ) ; 2 . determining the extent of machine-tractable information in the rules ; 3 . taking stock of all the rules that can be computed ; 4 . developing the appropriate heuristics for the computable rules ; 5 . computing the rules . workshop agenda the workshop will be held during the morning session of 26 may 1998 and will include a joint address by the organizing committee ( listed above ) , followed by 5 - 8 individual presentations in two 90-120 - minute blocks , with a break provided midway through . call for papers the workshop solicits papers addressing any one or more of the points addressed above as well as any other pertinent issues . papers based on a diversity of languages are encouraged , both one language at a time and , especially , comparative / contrastive studies . also strongly encouraged are papers which extend the study of coreference beyond entity / object reference , across document boundaries , and / or into non-text media . format for submission paper submissions should consist of an extended abstract of approximately 800 words , along with a brief description of the proposed presentation structure ( e . g . , paper , paper plus demo , etc . ) . each submission should include a separate title page , providing the following information : the title to be printed in the conference program ; names and affiliations of all authors ; the full address of the primary author ( or alternate contact person ) , including phone , fax , email ; and required audio-visual equipment . papers may be submitted by sending three hardcopies or one softcopy ( in tex , ascii , or post-script format ) to the appropriate address as listed below : dr . victor raskin chair , interdepartmental program in linguistics heavilon hall purdue university west lafayette , in 47907 usa vraskin @ purdue . edu submissions must be received no later than 1 march 1998 for a 15 march notification of paper acceptance . ( full versions of all accepted papers are requested no later than 15 april 1998 for inclusion in the conference proceedings . ) workshop organizing committee dr . sara j . shelton ( contact person ) us department of defense 9800 savage road , r525 ft meade , md 20755 usa sjshelt @ afterlife . ncsc . mil 301-688 - 0301 ( voice ) 301-688 - 0338 ( fax ) dr . eduard hovy information sciences institute university of southern california 4676 admirality way marina del rey , ca 90292-669 usa hovy @ isi . edu 310-822 - 1511 , ext . 731 ( voice ) dr . victor raskin interdepartmental program in linguistics heavilon hall purdue university west lafayette , in 47907 usa vraskin @ purdue . edu 765-494 - 3782 ( voice ) 765-494 - 3780 ( fax )
",0
2056,"Subject: avail for review : language acquisition
 
 the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , ph . d . , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not include an electronic cv or a url linking to a personal homepage . these will be ignored . please also send a surface mail address for us to send the book to . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * language acquisition : gopnik , alison and meltzoff andrew ( 1997 ) words , thoughts and theories . mit press , cambridge . this book articulates and defends the "" theory theory "" of cognitive and semantic development , the idea that infants and young children , like scientists , learn about the world by forming and revising theories - - a view of the origins of knowledge and meaning that has broad implications for cognitive science .
",0
2057,"Subject: book : corpus linguistics : an introduction to
 
 an introduction to corpus linguistics graeme kennedy , professor of applied linguistics at victoria university of wellington . pbk 0 582 23154 x hbk 0 582 23153 1 328 pages 1998 studies in language and linguistics series longman - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - this book provides a comprehensive introduction and guide to corpus linguistics . all aspects of the field are explored , from the various types of electronic corpora that are available to instructions on how to design and compile a corpus . graeme kennedy surveys the development of corpora for use in linguistic research , looking back to the pre-electronic age as well as to the massive growth of computer corpora in the electronic age . the study focuses primarily on corpus-based descriptions of english : lexis , morphology , syntax and variation . it includes a wide-ranging overview of the published research of corpus linguists to illustrate the results and potential of distributional analyses of english . the section on corpus analysis describes the methodology and procedures that are generally employed including lemmatization , tagging , parsing and the use of important search and retrieval software to produce word-lists , concordances and other analyses . the final section of the book discusses ways in which the corpus-based analysis of languages may contribute to linguistic theory , the description of languages , computational linguistics and language teaching . an introduction to corpus linguistics "" will appeal to all involved in the study of language , from english language teachers and students of linguistics to those already involved in research in this fast-growing field . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - further information on the books published in this series , and the table of contents for this title can be viewed at the longman linguistics on-line catalogue at : http : / / www . awl-he . com / linguistics for a complete listing of our world-wide offices , please click below : http : / / www . awl-he . com / offices
",0
2058,"Subject: student organisation of linguistics in europe
 
 call for participation * * * * * console 7 * * * * * the seventh conference of the student organisation of linguistics in europe will be held at the university of bergen 9-11 december 1998 with registration and reception in the evening of tuesday 8 december . in order to help us organize the conference , we will kindly ask participants to pre-register by november 15 . pre - registrations are welcomed either by e-mail , regular mail , or fax . please use the form below the program , and please indicate whether you will attend the party friday night . ( the party is included in the conference fee ! ) e - mail : registration @ ling . uib . no postal address : console 7 dept . of linguistics and comparative literature sydnesplass 7 n-5007 bergen norway fax : + 47-55 58 93 54 the conference fee is nok 180 , - for participants registered before november 15 , and nok 220 , - for participants registered after november 15 . the fee is to be paid upon arrival at the conference site , and covers the conference booklet and the conference proceedings as well as the reception tuesday evening , coffee and snacks during the conference , and the party friday night . further information including paper abstracts can be found at the conference web site : http : / / www . ling . uib . no / console - 7 / . any inquiries concerning the conference may be directed either to the local organizing committee < mailto : console7 @ ling . uib . no > or to the sole board < mailto : sole @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl > . local organizers : sole board : = d8ystein alexander vangsnes michael redford dagmar bendt tina cambier - langeveld inger marie berntzen anik = f3 lipt = e1k torodd kinn martha thunes * * * preliminary program * * * there may be changes ! tuesday 8 december at villaveien 9 17 . 00 - 19 . 00 registration and refreshments 19 . 00 welcoming address by vice rector of the university of bergen and professor of general linguistics kirsti koch christensen wednesday 9 december at sydneshaugen skole , auditorium a 9 . 00 - 9 . 15 opening and information 9 . 15 - 10 . 00 martyna macgregor , mcgill university , montreal , canada : syntactic and semantic operations within the aspectual structure of polish 10 . 00 - 10 . 45 penka stateva , university of connecticut , usa : focus features and movement in bulgarian 10 . 45 - 11 . 15 coffee 11 . 15 - 12 . 00 cornelia krause , the massachusetts institute of technology , usa : reduplication in bella coola - a base - ic problem 12 . 00 - 12 . 45 martin kr = e4mer , university of d = fcsseldorf , germany : a correspondence approach to vowel harmony and disharmony 12 . 45 - 14 . 15 lunch ( not included ) 14 . 15 - 15 . 00 adolfo aus = edn , university of connecticut , usa : towards a null theory of a - movement : the inverse case filter 15 . 00 - 15 . 45 bal = e1zs sur = e1nyi , e = f6tv = f6s lor = e1nd university , budapest , hungary : bare binding theory 15 . 45 - 16 . 00 break 16 . 00 - 16 . 45 kerstin hoge , st . hilda 's college , oxford , united kingdom : functional wh , wh - absorption , and yiddish superiority effects 16 . 45 - 17 . 15 coffee and snack 17 . 15 - 18 . 00 kleanthes k . grohmann , university of maryland , usa : left dislocated constructions and wh - extractions 18 . 00 - 18 . 45 ileana paul , mcgill university , montreal , canada : multiple movement in malagasy thursday 10 december at sydneshaugen skole , auditorium a 9 . 00 - 9 . 45 mark de vries , university of amsterdam , netherlands : extraposition of relative clauses as specifying coordination 9 . 45 - 10 . 30 ron artstein , rutgers university , new brunswick , usa : person , animacy , and null subjects 10 . 30 - 11 . 00 coffee 11 . 00 - 11 . 45 ildik = f3 t = f3th , tilburg university , netherlands : inflected infinitives in hungarian and the nature of agr 11 . 45 - 12 . 30 marit julien , university of troms = f8 , norway : the structure of complex words 12 . 30 - 14 . 00 lunch ( not included ) 14 . 00 - 14 . 45 marie - h = e9l = e8ne c = f4t = e9 , the massachusetts institute of technology , usa : syllable structure and domain-final strengthening : evidence from basque 14 . 45 - 15 . 30 julio cebrian , university of toronto , canada : ambisyllabic representation in a constraint - based analysis of catalan voicing and continuancy alternations 15 . 30 - 15 . 45 break 15 . 45 - 16 . 30 susanne gl = fcck and roland pfau , j . w . goethe university , frankfurt a . m . , germany : a distributed morphology account of verbal inflection in german sign language 16 . 30 - 17 . 00 coffee and snack 17 . 00 - 17 . 45 naomi harada , university of california , irvine , usa : where does a [ + n , + v ] category come from ? a note on the categorial feature specification of the lexical items 17 . 45 - 18 . 30 hiro hosoi , mcgill university , montreal , canada : event - binder in the aspp friday 11 december at sydneshaugen skole , auditorium a 9 . 00 - 9 . 45 ara shah and tanmoy bhattacharya , university college london , united kingdom : weak deixis and possession inside the dp 9 . 45 - 10 . 30 kalyanamalini sahoo and lars hellan , norwegian university of science and technology , trondheim , norway : multiple co - relativization in oriya 10 . 30 - 11 . 00 coffee 11 . 00 - 11 . 45 rashmi prasad , university of pennsylvania , philadelphia , usa : discourse constraints on zero pronouns in hindi 11 . 45 - 12 . 30 tanmoy bhattacharya , university college london , united kingdom : in search of the vague ' one ' 12 . 30 - 14 . 00 lunch ( not included ) 14 . 00 - 14 . 45 marjon helmantel , university of leiden / holland institute of generative linguistics , netherlands : on the relation between structural position and morphological case ; adpositions in german 14 . 45 - 15 . 30 tanja schmid , university of stuttgart , germany : west germanic "" infinitivus pro participio "" ( ipp ) constructions in optimality theory 15 . 30 - 16 . 00 coffee and snack 16 . 00 - 17 . 30 invited speaker : anders holmberg , university of troms = f8 , norway , and the massachusetts institute of technology , usa : basic word order at christies gate 18 20 . 00 conference party ! ! alternate papers : natalia s = e1nchez - lefebvre , ortega y gasset university institute , madrid , spain : french pure expletive constructions and move - f meltem kelepir , massachusetts institute of technology , usa : to be or not to be faithful dina brun , yale university , new haven , usa : the role of aspect in the acquisition of tense during the optional infinitive stage in russian - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - pre-registration form for console 7 university of bergen december 9-11 , 1998 name : affiliation : postal address : e - mail address : will attend the conference party friday night december 11 ( "" yes "" or "" no "" ) :
",0
2059,"Subject: speech acts / dialogue moves
 
 first call for papers amstelogue ' 99 amsterdam workshop on the semantics and pragmatics of dialogue may 7 - 9 , 1999 university of amsterdam invited speakers : hans kamp hannes rieser to be announced * * amstelogue ' 99 will be a sequel to the successful dialogue workshops mundial ' 97 ( muenchen ) and twendial ' 98 ( twente ) . like its predecessors , amstelogue ' 99 aims at bringing together researchers from different fields on the topic of semantics and pragmatics of dialogue . these fields include artificial intelligence , formal semantics / pragmatics and computational / applied linguistics . in order to increase the cohesion of the talks in the workshop , we put forward the over-all topic < i > speech acts / dialogue moves < / i > . the workshop will be organised around the following three themes : i formal semantics of dialogue this covers topics such as models of common ground / mutual belief , the semantics of goals , intentions and commitments in communication , treatment of dialogue moves in a formal semantic framework , the semantics of cross-speaker anaphora . ii dialogue systems this covers e . g . knowledge representation for multi-agent interaction , dialogue management in practical implementations , semantics and pragmatics of natural language in automated dialogue systems . iii dialogue analysis ( empirical ) this covers topics such as turn-taking , categorisation of dialogue moves or speech acts in real ( i . e . , non-constructed ) dialogues , aspects of institutional interaction , characteristics of multi-participant conversations , the role of nonlinguistic interaction in communication . - in order to increase the cohesion of the talks across the three themes , we put forward , in addition , the over-all topic speech acts / dialogue moves . * * the collected abstracts of the talks will be provided as workshop proceedings at the start of the workshop . we are negotiating a special issue of the journal of semantics for publishing a selection of the papers . * * related event : the day before the workshop , 6 may , will be occupied to the trindi - project workshop . further information will be made available via our website . procedure : anyone who is working on the semantics or pragmatics of dialogue is kindly invited to send us a 5 page abstract in latex or ascii ( talks will be 45 minutes ) on one of the above mentioned topics , or a related topic . please indicate for what theme you are opting . abstracts clearly relating to the over-all topic of speech acts will be preferred . deadline : 1 february 1999 send to : amstelog @ ai . hum . uva . nl * * organisation : noor van leusen , dept . of computational linguistics , u . v . a , noor @ ai . let . uva . nl robert van rooy , dept . of philosophy , u . v . a , vanrooy @ philo . uva . nl henk zeevat , dept . of computational linguistics , u . v . a , henk @ ai . let . uva . nl more information on website : http : / / earth . hum . uva . nl / ~ amstelog sponsors : dutch research school in logic dutch research foundation
",0
2060,"Subject: 6th int . workshop on parsing technologies : preliminary announcement
 
 p r e l i m i n a r y a n n o u n c e m e n t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ iwpt ' 99 sixth international workshop on parsing technologies sponsored by acl / sigparse 20-22 december 1999 trento , italy ~ ~ ~ the itc-irst ( institute for scientific and technological research ) in trento , in the north of italy , will host the sixth international workshop on parsing technologies ( iwpt ' 99 ) from 20 to 22 december , 1999 . iwpt ' 99 continues the tradition of biannual workshops on parsing technology organised by sigparse , the special interest group on parsing of the association for computational linguistics ( acl ) . this workshop series was initiated by masaru tomita in 1989 . the first workshop , in pittsburgh and hidden valley , was followed by workshops in cancun ( mexico ) 1991 ; tilburg & durbuy ( netherlands / belgium ) 1993 ; prague & karlovy vary ( czech republic ) 1995 , and boston / cambridge ( mass . ) 1997 . a ' call for papers ' for iwpt ' 99 will appear in the spring of 1999 . organization : general chair : harry bunt ( tilburg university , netherlands ) programme chair : john carroll ( university of sussex , uk ) local arrangements chair : alberto lavelli ( itc-irst , trento , italy ) more information will soon be available on the iwpt ' 99 home page http : / / ecate . itc . it : 1024 / iwpt99 . html
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2061,"Subject: historical ling , history of ling
 
 historical linguistics nostratic . sifting the evidence . joseph c . salmons and brian d . joseph ( eds ) 1998 vi , 293 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 142 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 597 4 price : us $ 75 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3646 1 price : nlg 150 . 00 the nostratic hypothesis positing a commonlingusitic ancestor for a wide range of language families including indo - european , uralic , and afro - asiatic has produced one of the most enduring and often intense controversies in linguistics . overwhelmingly , though , both supporters of the hypothesis and those who reject it have not dealt directly with one anothers arguments . this volume brings together selected representatives of both sides , as well as a number of agnostic historical linguists , with the aim of examining the evidence for this particular hypothesis in the context of distant genetic relationships generally . the volume contains discussions of variants of the nostratic hypothesis ( papers by a . bomhard , by j . greenberg , and one by a . manaster - ramer , k . baertsch , k . adams , & p . michalove ) , the mathematics of chance in determining the relationships posited for nostratic ( papers by r . oswalt and by d . ringe ) , and the evidence from particular branches posited in nostratic ( papers by l . campbell , by c . hodge , and by a . vovin ) with responses and additional discussion by e . hamp , b . vine , w . baxter and b . comrie . history of linguistics language and its functions . a historico-critical study of the pre-humanistic philology of bopp . translated by paul salmon , in consultation with anthony j . klijnsmit . pieter a . verburg1998 xxxiv , 534 pp . studies in the history of the language sciences , 84 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 621 0 price : $ 110 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 4572 x price : nlg 220 . 00 when pieter verburg ( 1905-1989 ) published taal en functionaliteit in 1952 , the work was received with admiration by linguistic scholars , though the number of those who could read the dutch text for themselves remained limited . the title alludes to the theories of linguistic function set out in 1936 by karl bhler , but verburg regards the three functions of discourse focusing respectively on the speaker , the person addressed and the matter discussed as no more than subfunctions of the human function of speech . his central concern is to explore the relationships between thought and language , and language and reality ; and the work sets out provide a historical analysis of views on these relationships in the period 1100-1800 . the great strength of the work lies in the way in which the views of language are related to contemporaneous moves in philosophy and science , contrasting essentially the mediaeval acceptance of authority , the beginnings of induction in the renaissance , the dependence of early rationalism on calculation based on axiomatic truths , and the further development of independent observation . all these trends are reflected in the way men thought about language , as well as in the way they used it . much has been written on the history of linguistics since this book was written , but it still offers a unique view of the development of thinking about language . john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com
",0
2062,"Subject: axiomatic linguistics
 
 james dickins extended axiomatic linguistics 1998 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xii , 493 pages cloth dm 198 , - / approx . us $ 124 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 016086 - 2 trends in linguistics . studies and monographs 111 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this volume presents the semiotic and linguistic theory of extended axiomatic functionalism , focusing on its application to linguistic description . the theory is compared with other approaches to semiotics and linguistics , and particularly with the standard version of axiomatic functionalism . an informal account is given of the twin basic components of the theory - the signum ontology and the system ontology . the former provides a set-theoretically based account of the network of relationships between the abstractions of linguistic theory ( at whose apex stands the signum ) , and the phonetic and semantic facts of speech events . the latter deals with the purely abstract level of analysis , and covers roughly the traditional areas of phonology and grammar . a set of postulates , constituting a formal statement of the theory , is provided in an appendix . it is shown that the signum ontology can provide adequate accounts - sometimes in conjunction with interfacing extra-theoretical models - of a range of phenomena from phonetics to pragmatics , including incomplete neutralization , imperfect synonymy , polysemy , idiom , and figures of speech ( particularly metaphor ) . the relationship between core-linguistics and psycholinguistics is considered , and an initial model is developed for the interface between extended axiomatic functionalism , as a sentence-linguistic theory , and text-linguistics . the issues dealt with in this book are not only relevant to extended axiomatic functionalism and indicative of its broad scope , but are also of current interest in linguistics generally ; the analyses proposed are considered in the context of existing analyses throughout . without disguising complexities , the book presents extended axiomatic functionalism in a clear and accessible manner . wide use is made of figures and cross-referencing , and detailed indices are provided . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de this and further publications can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
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2063,"Subject: logical aspects of computational linguistics ( lacl ' 98 )
 
 logical aspects of computational linguistics ( lacl ' 98 ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = aspects logiques de la linguistique informatique = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = coorganisateurs : loria ( nancy ) , universite pierre mendes - france ( grenoble ) , avec l ' appui de : inria rhone - alpes , xerox research centre europe , cnet , mairie de grenoble lieu : grenoble ( domaine universitaire , amphitheatre de la maison alpes des sciences de l ' homme ) dates : du 14 au 16 decembre site web : http : / / www-bshm . upmf-grenoble . fr / lacl98 / programme : = = = = = = = = = = = = monday , december 14 ( lundi 14 decembre ) 8 : 45 - 9 : 30 : welcome 9 : 30-10 : 20 : invited talk i maarten de rijke : inference and natural language semantics 10 : 20-10 : 35 : break 10 : 35-11 : 35 : session 1 : feature structures and constraints stephen j . hegner . ` computational management of partially specified type hierarchies for typed feature logics ' . christian wartena . ` grammars with composite storages ' . 11 : 35-11 : 50 : break 11 : 50-12 : 50 : session 2 : categorial grammar i marcelo finger . ` structurally free theorem proving and structure learning in categorial grammar ' . nissim francez . ` hypothetical reasoning and radical non-constituent coordination in categorial logic ' . 12 : 50-14 : 30 : lunch 14 : 30-15 : 30 : session 3 : semantics and logical forms joachim niehren , alexander koller . ` dominance constraints in context unification ' . wilfried meyer viol , ruth kempson . ` sequential construction of logical forms ' . 15 : 30-15 : 45 : break 15 : 45-16 : 45 : norihiro ogata . ` a revision system of circular objects and its applications to dynamic semantics of dialogues ' . zhaohui luo , paul callaghan . ` coercive subtyping and lexical semantics ' . 16 : 45-17 : 00 : break 17 : 00-17 : 30 : discussion tuesday , december 15 ( mardi 15 decembre ) 9 : 30-10 : 20 : invited talk ii makoto kanazawa title : not yet communicated 10 : 20-10 : 35 : break 10 : 35-11 : 35 : session 4 : constraints and semantics manuel bodirsky , alexander koller , joachim niehren . ` dominance constraints : complexity , algorithms , implementation ' . patrick blackburn , claire gardent . ` a description language for discourse semantics ' . 11 : 35-11 : 50 : break 11 : 50-12 : 50 : session 5 : categorial grammar ii > gerhard jaeger . ` anaphora and scope in categorial grammar ' . hans - joerg tiede . ` lambek calculus proofs and tree automata ' . 12 : 50-14 : 30 : lunch 14 : 30-15 : 30 : session 6 : minimalism and computation jens michaelis . ` derivational minimalism is mildly context-sensitive ' . marcus kracht . ` strictness and literal movement grammars ' . 15 : 30-15 : 45 : break 15 : 45-16 : 45 : alain lecomte . ` categorial minimalism ' . dirk heylen . ` aspects of a logical reconstruction of the computational system for human language ' . 16 : 45-17 : 00 : break 17 : 00-17 : 30 : discussion 20 : 00 : conference dinner wednesday , december 16 ( mercredi 16 decembre ) 9 : 30-10 : 20 : invited talk iii fernando pereira title : not yet communicated 10 : 20-10 : 35 : break 10 : 35-12 : 05 : session 7 : trees and tags aravind joshi , seth kulick , natasha kurtonina . ` lexicalized tree adjoining grammar : logical modelling ' . sylvain pogodalla . ` lexicalized proof-nets in pomset logic and tag ' . emiel krahmer , reinhard muskens . ` talking about trees and truth-conditions ' . 12 : 05-12 : 20 : break 12 : 20-12 : 50 : final discussion inscription - registration : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the registration fees for the conference are the following : before november 10 regular : 700 ff , student : 500 ff after november 10 regular : 900 ff , student : 700 ff both regular and student fees include the conference proceedings , the coffee breaks , the lunches , and the conference dinner ( december 15 ) . tickets for additional conference dinners ( for accompanying persons ) can be purchased at 150 ff . you may register by surface mail , fax , or e-mail . please fill in the enclosed registration form and send it to : ufr sciences de l ' homme et de la societe service comptabilite - lacl ' 98 1251 , avenue centrale , b . p . 47 f 38040 grenoble cedex9 france fax ( internat . ) : + 33 4 76 82 56 65 ( nat . ) : 04 76 82 56 65 e - mail : amelie . depaoli @ upmf-grenoble . fr payments payments are accepted in french francs only . the enclosed payment may be one of the following forms : order form from your institution ; cheque in french currency , drawn on a french bank , made to the order of "" agent comptable de l ' upmf "" > eurocheque in french currency , made to the order of "" agent comptable de l ' upmf "" ( add 50 frf for fees ) ; bank transfer to the order of "" agent comptable de l ' upmf "" ( with your name and lacl ' 98 ) at the bank "" tresorerie generale de l ' isere "" . the bank account number is 10071-38000 - 00003000140-46 . > registration form - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - please print name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . affiliation : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . address : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . zip code : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telephone : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fax : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e - mail : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please check the appropriate box : o regular fee 700 frf o student rate ( * ) 500 frf o late registration fee 900 frf o student ( * ) , late registration 700 frf o one additional ticket for the conference dinner 150 frf total amount : . . . frf ( * ) enclose a copy of your student card mode of payment : o order form o enclosed cheque ( if eurocheque , please add 50 frf ) o bank transfer ( * * ) ( * * ) enclose a copy of the transfer order . booking chose a category of hotel : o single room o double room o 2 stars ( around 300 frf ) o 3 stars ( around 500 frf ) date of arrival in grenoble : . . . . . . . . . . . date of departure : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . number of nights : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . if you are a vegetarian , please check the box o
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2064,"Subject: avail for review : adverbs , binding , events , objects
 
 the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , ph . d . , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not include an electronic cv or a url linking to a personal homepage . these will be ignored . please also send a surface mail address for us to send the book to . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * syntax : esther torrego ( 1998 ) the dependencies of objects . mit press . syntax : bennis et al ( 1997 ) atomism and binding . foris publications ( hag ) semantics : klein , henny ( 1997 ) adverbs of degree in dutch and related languages . john benjamins semantics : bayer , samuel ( 1997 ) confessions of a lapsed neodavidsonian . events and arguments in compositional semantics . garland .
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2065,"Subject: comparative linguistics at university or illinois
 
 7th annual workshop on comparative linguistics november 21-22 , 1998 at the university of illinois at urbana - champaign room 210 , illini union the reconstruction of culture speakers and topics include : hans henrich hock : "" use and misuse of linguistic prehistory : india and beyond "" frederick schwink : "" the reconstruction of ie gender as a reflection of culture "" mary niepokuj : "" ie poetics "" rex wallace : "" sabellian "" martha ratliff : "" vocabulary of environment and subsistence in proto - hmong - mien "" william baxter : "" evidence for early austronesian - chinese contact in china "" colleen reilly : "" gender and sexuality in anglo - saxon "" graham thurgood "" what proto - chamic reconstructions tells us about early chamic culture "" craig hilts "" vocabulary for flora and fauna of mixe - zoquean "" co - sponsored by : english , program in south asian and middle eastern studies , germanic languages and literatures , linguistics , classics , program in comparative literature . for information , contact frederick schwink < schwink @ uiuc . edu > dept . of germanic languages university of illinois at urbana - champaign 3072 flb 707 south mathews ave . urbana , il 61801
",0
2066,"Subject: deixis , demonstration , and deictic belief in multimedia context
 
 esslli - workshop on deixis , demonstration and deictic belief in multimedia contexts = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = workshop held in the section ' language and computation ' as part of the ' eleventh european summer school in logic , language and information ' esslli-99 august 9-20 , 1999 , utrecht , the netherlands first call for papers / participation organisers : elisabeth andr ' e ( dfki , univ . of saarbruecken ) massimo poesio ( cogsci / hcrc , univ . of edinburgh ) hannes rieser ( bielefeld univ . & sfb 360 ) questions concerning the workshop may be addressed to any of the organizers . background : deixis has always been at the heart of reference research as widely known literature in semantics and pragmatics ( h . h . clark , s . c . levinson , h . kamp , d . kaplan , w . v . quine ) demonstrates . being fundamental , it is in the common focus of several disciplines : cognitive science , linguistics , philosophical logics , ai , and psychology . until recently , little was known about the role of pointing and demonstration in deixis , especially about the coordination of speech and gesture in deictic contexts . the situation has now changed due to research in linguistics , ethnomethodology , vision , neuro-computation , gesture analysis , psychology , and computer simulation . at present , research is going on at various places , aimed at the integration of deixis information from e . g . the visual and the auditory channel . relevant topics in this new field are e . g . saliency , focus-monitoring , types of gestures and demonstrations , and especially the emergence and structure of composite signals but it also has intimate connections with problems of long standing such as grounding , mutuality or agents ' coordination in discourse . the workshop will integrate different methodologies , experimental paradigms , computer simulation including virtual reality approaches and formal modelling alike . it is addressed to master - students , phd - students and scholars working on philosophical , linguistic or computational aspects of deixis including gesture . the following publications might be of help to students looking for information concerning reference , deixis , gesture recognition and similar topics : clark , h . h . : 1995 , using language . cambridge : cup davis , st . ( ed . ) : 1991 , pragmatics . a reader . new york , oxford : oup . chs ii and iii levinson , st . c . : pragmatics . cambridge : cup . ch . 2 mcneill , d . : 1992 , hand and mind . univ . of chicago press recanati , f . : 1993 , direct reference . from language to thought . oxford uk & cambridge usa : blackwell wachsmuth , i . and froehlich , m . ( eds ) : 1998 , gesture and sign language in human - computer interaction . berlin , heidelberg : springer how the workhsop will be organised : the workshop will consist of ten sessions ( 90 min . each ) of presentation and discussion of contributed papers . it will take place during the esslli - summer school and will be open to all members of the lli - community . submissions : all researchers in the area , but especially ph . d . students and young researchers , are encouraged to submit a two-page abstract ( hard copy or e-mail ( plain ascii or ( la ) tex ) to the following address : pkuehnle @ lili . uni-bielefeld . de ( peter kuehnlein ) the deadline for submission of abstracts is february 15 , 1999 . notification of contributors will be given around april 15 , 1999 . contributors of selected papers will be asked to provide extended abstracts ( six pages ) in latex - format to be edited as esslli - workshop notes . the deadline for submission of extended abstracts is may 31 , 1999 . registration : workshop contributors will be required to register for esslli-99 , but they will be elligible for a reduced registration fee . summary of dates : feb 15 , 99 : deadline for submissions apr 15 , 99 : notification of acceptance may 31 , 99 : deadline for final copy aug 9 , 99 : start of workshop further information : to obtain further information about esslli-99 please visit the esslli-99 home page at http : / / esslli . let . uu . nl / addresses : elisabeth andr ' e ( dfki , univ . of saarbruecken ) : elisabeth . andre @ dfki . de massimo poesio ( cogsci / hcrc , univ . of edinburgh ) : poesio @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk hannes rieser ( bielefeld univ . & sfb 360 ) : rieser @ lili . uni-bielefeld . de
",0
2067,"Subject: computational linguistics
 
 we are pleased to announce the first call for papers for eacl ' 99 , to be held in bergen , norway from 8 through 12 june 1999 . the call ( text version below ) can be found at http : / / www . ltg . ed . ac . uk / eacl99 / call-for - papers . html the conference home page is at http : / / www . hit . uib . no / eacl99 / henry s . thompson , programme committee chair alex lascarides , programme commitee co-chair koenraad de smedt , local arrangements chair john nerbonne , eacl president - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - eacl ' 99 call for papers , demos / posters , student papers , tutorials and workshops _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9th conference of the european chapter of the association for computational linguistics 8 - - 12 june , 1998 university of bergen bergen , norway 1 . paper sessions 1 . 1 . topics of interest papers are invited on substantial , original , and unpublished research on all aspects of computational linguistics , including , but not limited to : pragmatics , discourse , semantics , syntax and the lexicon ; phonetics , phonology and morphology ; interpreting and generating spoken and written language ; linguistic , mathematical and psychological models of language ; language-oriented information retrieval and information extraction ; corpus-based language modeling ; machine translation and translation aids ; natural language interfaces and dialogue systems ; approaches to coordinating the linguistic with other modalities in multi-media systems ; message and narrative understanding systems . 1 . 2 . requirements papers should describe original work . they should emphasize completed work rather than intended work and they should indicate clearly the state of completion of the reported results . wherever appropriate , concrete evaluation results should be included . a paper accepted for presentation at the eacl meeting cannot be presented or have been presented at any other meeting with publicly available published proceedings . papers that are being submitted to other conferences must reflect this fact on the title page . 1 . 3 . format for submission authors should submit preliminary versions of their papers for review , not to exceed 3200 words ( exclusive of references ) . papers should be headed by a title page containing the paper id code ( see below ) , title , a short ( 5 line ) summary , up to five keywords specifying the subject area , the word count ( excluding figures and bibliography ) and a notice of multiple submission , if required . since reviewing will be ` blind ' , the title page of the paper should omit author names and addresses . furthermore , self-references that reveal the authors ' identity ( e . g . , "" we previously showed ( smith , 1991 ) . . . "" ) should be avoided . instead , use references of the form "" smith previously showed ( 1991 ) . . . "" care should be taken to avoid obvious giveaways in the bibliography such as listings for unpublished in-house technical reports . papers outside the specified length and / or without an id code are liable to rejection without review . to identify each paper , an id code must be acquired by filing an electronic paper registration form : on successful completion of this form an id code will be sent to the designated author by e-mail . to assist in the refereeing process , we would be very grateful if authors prepare a web-browsable ( e . g . html , postscript , pdf ) electronic version of their papers . we understand that this may not be possible in all cases , but request that it be prepared if at all possible . to preserve anonymity , do not include a pointer to this with your paper submission : we will request a url for your electronic version in the email acknowledgement of receipt message . also please note that we will not be downloading copies from this url , so it should remain valid through the refereeing process , i . e . until 10 march 1999 . be aware that the paper copy is the definitive copy , and changes should not be made to the electronic copy after submission on paper . we strongly recommend the use of acl - standard latex ( plus bibstyle and trivial example ) or word style files for the preparation of submissions . these styles include a place for the required information such as id code and word count , and allow for a graceful transition to the style required for publication . if you cannot use the acl - standard styles directly , a description of the required format is at http : / / www . ltg . ed . ac . uk / eacl99 / style / substyle . html . if you cannot access this web page , send email to eacl99 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk with subject substyle for an automatic reply . 1 . 4 . submission procedure four ( 4 ) paper copies of each paper ( printed on both sides of the page if possible ) should be submitted to the following address : eacl programme committee hcrc 2 buccleuch place edinburgh eh8 9lw scotland , uk enquiries to the programme committee by email at eacl99 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk , ( henry s . thompson , chair and alex lascarides , co - chair ) . 1 . 5 . schedule submissions must be received by 18 january 1999 . late submissions ( those arriving on or after 19 january 1999 ) will be returned unopened . acknowledgements will be emailed soon after receipt . notification of acceptance will be sent to authors ( by email ) on 10 march 1999 . camera - ready copies of final papers prepared in a double-column format , preferably using a laser printer , must be received by 19 april 1999 , along with a signed copyright release statement . detailed formatting guidelines will be provided to authors with their acceptance notice . the paper sessions , including student papers , will take place on 9 - - 11 june 1999 . 2 . poster and demo sessions the meeting will include a poster session and a demo session . posters should present work in progress , project status reports , unevaluated results or system summaries ( with or without demos ) . space for a1 posters is reserved at the session and there will be 2 pages in the proceedings allocated to describe the work shown in the poster . we also encourage the submission of software demos presenting system overviews . developers should outline the design of their system and provide sufficient details to allow the evaluation of its validity , quality , and relevance to computational linguistics . pointers to web sites running the demo preview will also be helpful . for both sessions , four ( 4 ) paper copies of a two ( 2 ) page abstract not exceeding 800 words ( exclusive of references ) should be submitted by 18 january 1999 to the posters / demos chair : giorgio satta universita di padova dipartimento di elettronica e informatica via gradenigo 6 / a 35131 padova italy phone : + 39 ( 0 ) 49 827-7831 fax : + 39 ( 0 ) 49 827-7826 email : satta @ dei . unipd . it both submissions should include the following information on the first page : paper title and author ( s ) ' name ( s ) ; address , telephone / fax numbers and email of contact author . submission type ( "" poster submission "" or "" demo submission "" ) must be clearly indicated on the first page . demo submissions should also clearly indicate if any computer equipment is expected to be provided by the local organizer . if so , please specify desired hardware platform , hard disk and memory capacity , operating system and other software needed in order to run the demo . also mention name and contact information of systems operations specialist . if you are bringing your own laptop , you should instead request a video projector if you need one , providing details about pc type , screen resolution , etc . 3 . student sessions there will again be special student sessions organized by a committee of eacl graduate student members . eacl student members are invited to submit short papers on any of the topics listed above . the papers will be reviewed by a committee of students and faculty members for presentation in workshop-style sessions and publication in a special section of the conference proceedings . there will be a separate call for papers available shortly . 4 . tutorials the meeting will include a programme of tutorials on tuesday june 8 , immediately preceding , and at the same venue as the conference . each tutorial should be well-focused so that its core content can be covered in a three hour slot ( including a half-hour break ) . in exceptional cases , 6 - hour tutorials are possible as well . proposals for tutorials should contain : * a title and brief description of the tutorial topic . * the names , postal addresses , phone numbers , and email addresses of the tutorial speakers , with brief cv . * any special support requirements ( e . g . pc , projector ) proposals should be submitted by electronic mail , in plain ascii text as soon as possible , but no later than 18 december 1998 to the tutorial coordinator : walter daelemans ilk computational linguistics tilburg university p . o . box 90153 nl-5000 le tilburg the netherlands phone : + 31 13 4663070 fax : + 31 13 4663110 email : walter . daelemans @ kub . nl approved tutorial speakers ' travel and accommodation expenses will be reimbursed provided a short tutorial abstract and full tutorial materials are received in good time for publicity and reproduction . details of the schedule for this will accompany notification of acceptance . for further details concerning tutorials , see the tutorials page at http : / / ilk . kub . nl / ~ walter / eacl / tutorials . html 5 . workshops as in other years , eacl ' 99 will be accompanied by a number of workshops . these will be held on june 12 , the day after the main conference . the acl has a policy on workshops . proposals must include a clear description of the workshop aims , a budget of the workshop expenses and expected sources of income , and an indication of the expected number of participants . please send your workshop proposals ( preferably electronically ) as soon as possible and in any case before 18 december 1998 to the workshop chair : gertjan van noord alfa - informatica rug po box 716 9700 as groningen the netherlands email : vannoord @ let . rug . nl for further details concerning workshops , see the workshops page at http : / / www . let . rug . nl / ~ vannoord / eacl99 / workshops . html 6 . venue and local organisation the conference will be held in bergen , norway from 8 through 12 june , 1999 . see the conference home page for local arrangements information . the local arrangements committee is chaired by koenraad de smedt . the local arrangements committee can be reached at : humanities information technologies university of bergen alligaten 27 5007 bergen norway phone : + 47 5558-8008 fax : + 47 5558-9470 email : eacl99 @ uib . no 7 . timetable 1998 18 dec workshop proposals due in groningen 18 dec tutorial proposals due in tilburg 25 dec decisions on workshops sent to workshop organisers 28 dec decision on tutorials sent to tutorial organisers 1999 18 jan submitted papers due in edinburgh 1 mar tutorial summary for brochure due in tilburg 10 mar decisions on programme sent to authors 19 apr final versions of papers due in edinburgh 1 may tutorial course material due in tilburg 5 may camera - ready copy of workshop proceedings due in groningen 8 jun tutorials 9 - - 11 jun paper sessions 12 jun workshops
",0
2068,"Subject: child language research forum call for papers
 
 * * * * * * * * call for papers * * * * * * * * 30 stanford child language research forum stanford university , april 9-11 , 1999 the 30th meeting of the child language research forum will be held on april 9-11 , 1999 , at stanford university . the organizing committee welcomes abstracts for papers and posters on any topic within first language acquisition , from specialization for speech sounds to uses of relative clauses , from politeness routines to clarification questions , from syntactic categories to narrative skills , or from semantic relations to subordinate clauses . we particularly welcome reports on crosslinguistic findings and comparisons among related languages ; on how language typologies affect the course of acquisition , and on similarities and differences among children in the acquisition of a single language . abstract submissions should include : - - - eight ( 8 ) copies of a one-page , double-spaced abstract of the paper or poster , preferably in 12 - point font or type , with a title . omit name and affiliation . - - - a 3 "" by 5 "" card with the title of the paper , the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliation , mailing address , and email address . indicate whether you are submitting a paper or a poster . ( the committee reserves the right to re-assign your submission . ) - - - a self-addressed , stamped postcard if you wish to be notified that your abstract has been received . abstracts should be postmarked by january 1 , 1999 . please mail early ! no late abstracts will be accepted . abstracts and any enquiries should be sent to : clrf-99 stanford university department of linguistics building 460 stanford , ca 94305-2150 , usa clrf @ csli . stanford . edu further information at : http : / / www-csli . stanford . edu / ~ clrf * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - gina v . wein , administrator department of linguistics stanford university stanford , ca 94305-2150 wein @ stanford . edu
",0
2069,"Subject: kentucky foreign lang . conf .
 
 call for papers : kentucky foreign language conference linguistics sessions the 51st annual kentucky foreign language conference will be held april 22-24 , 1999 , at the university of kentucky in lexington . the conference will include sessions devoted to all aspects of theoretical and descriptive linguistics , sociolinguistics , and applied linguistics . if you wish to present a paper in one of these sessions , send two copies of a one page abstract to prof . anna bosch , 1215 patterson office tower , university of kentucky , lexington , ky 40506-0027 . alternatively , send your abstract by email to : bosch @ pop . uky . edu . please include the following information with your abstract : name , affiliation , address , email address , daytime phone . the deadline for submission of abstracts is < bold > monday , november 16 , 1998 . < / bold > authors will be notified about the conference schedule in mid - december . web page : www . uky . edu / artssciences / kflc
",0
2070,"Subject: international conference on storytelling
 
 call for papers international conference on storytelling august 26-27 , 1999 brock university st . catharines , ontario , canada we welcome the submission of abstracts for 20-25 minute talks . papers accepted for presentation will be considered for a proceedings publication . submissions may take any perspective as long as they address , in some way , the issue of storytelling . specific areas of inquiry include , but are not limited to the following : * bilingualism * issues of audience * discourse analysis * language acquisition * ethnolinguistics * language change * first nations studies * literary studies of narratives * gender and language * power and language * grammaticalizations * semantic and conceptual structure the deadline for receiving abstracts is january 18 , 1999 . acceptance of your paper for presentation implies a commitment on your part to register and attend the conference . notification of acceptance will be sent out on march 1 , 1999 . send 3 copies of a 1 - page , 250 word abstract . include the title of the paper on the abstract but not names . please include a cover page with the following information : * author 's name ( s ) and affiliation ( s ) * mailing address * e-mail * fax number * title of presentation * three to five key words submissions by e-mail are also encouraged . abstracts should be sent to : international conference on storytelling c / o monica sanchez department of applied language studies brock university st . catharines , ontario l2s 3a1 canada or msanchez @ spartan . ac . brocku . ca note : only one individual and one joint abstract per author will be accepted . for further information , please contact monica sanchez at the above addresses or at the following fax ( 905 ) 688-1912 ( attn : monica sanchez , ics ) .
",0
2071,"Subject: south asian languages analysis roundtable
 
 call for papers the university of illinois at urbana - champaign , u . s . a . presents the 20th conference of the south asian languages analysis roundtable ( july 9-11 , 1999 ) sala 2000 : priorities and directions panels and individual papers are invited on topics related to south asian languages and linguistics . special categories of focus are : * discourse and conversational analysis ( i . e . , discourse markers , backchannels , prosody , language and media discourse , discourse and professions , registers and genres ) * pragmatics * south asian grammatical traditions * linguistic theory and south asian languages ( syntax , semantics , phonology , morphology ) * language acquisition * south asian languages in diaspora * teaching of south asian languages * language contact and linguistic convergence * general ( topics other than the above ) send three copies of panel / paper abstracts ( 250 words ) by mail or fax to : rajeshwari pandharipande , chair sala committee , department of linguistics university of illinois at urbana - champaign 4088 foreign languages building 707 south matthews avenue urbana , illinois-61801 , u . s . a . fax : 217-333 - 3466 / phone : 217-333 - 3563 e-mail : raj-pan @ uiuc . edu the deadline for submitting abstracts is january 1 , 1999 . at the top right corner of the page , identify the category ( from the above list ) of the topic of your paper . note : abstracts sent via e-mail will not be accepted .
",0
2072,"Subject: new book : lang acquisition
 
 lang acquisition lawrence erlbaum associates announces the publication of volumes 4 and 5 of the crosslinguistic study of language acquisition , edited by dan i . slobin . volume 4 contains chapters on three additional languages : finnish , greek , and korean , along with a typological overview of finno - ugric languages . these chapters follow the critical review format of previous volumes . special prepaid offer : $ 49 . 95 . contents : lisa dasinger : issues in the acquisition of estonian , finnish , and hungarian : a crosslinguistic comparison ; jorma toivainen : acquisition of finnish ; ursula stephany : acquisition of greek ; young - joo kim : acquisition of korean . 454pp . volume 5 : expanding the contexts , opens themes that have been touched on , anticipated , and promised in earlier volumes in the series . the contexts are expanded to include typological as well as particular and universal patterns of development , developmental relations between cognition and semantics , developmental relations between prosody and morphology , individual differences in a crosslinguistic framework , and the role of social-historical factors in the structuring of grammar . special prepaid offer : $ 45 . 00 . contents : dan i . slobin : the universal , the typological , and the particular in acquisition ; soonja choi : language - specific input and early semantic development : evidence from children learning korean ; ann m . peters : language typology , prosody , and the acquisition of grammatical morphemes ; elena v . m . lieven : variation in a crosslinguistic context ; dan i . slobin : the origins of grammaticizable notions : beyond the individual mind . 339pp . orders can be placed by e-mail as follows : from north america : orders @ erlbaum . com from europe : orders @ eurospan . co . uk from australia and new zealand : astam @ interconnect . com . au
",0
2073,"Subject: journal langues ( call ) - revue langues ( appel )
 
 appel a communications = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = la revue langues vient de publier son premier numro . le second sortira en dcembre 1998 . nous lanons maintenant un appel communications pour le troisime numro . c ' est une publication trimestrielle ( quatre numros par an ) . cette publication , principalement francophone et lance sous l ' gide de l ' aupel - uref , a pour but de favoriser le dialogue entre tous les individus qui travaillent avec ou sur la langue , chercheurs , enseignants de langue , etc . elle publiera donc des articles sur des sujets varis , relevant de toutes les disciplines ou sous-disciplines o la langue a sa place : linguistique ( phonologie , morphologie , lexicologie , syntaxe , smantique , pragmatique ) , socio-linguistique ( aspects sociaux et culturels de la pratique linguistique , variations linguistiques , crolistique ) , linguistique applique ( enseignement d ' une langue seconde , apprentissage de la lecture ) , psycholinguistique , ingnierie de la langue ( interprtation automatique , traduction automatique , dialogue homme-machine , gnration , parole , traitement de l ' information , gestion des corpus ) . cette liste n ' est pas limitative . la revue langues s ' accompagnera d ' un serveur web accessible en ligne o un ou plusieurs articles par numro de la revue seront disponibles , ainsi que certains services , annonces de colloques , tables des matires de revues , annonces de la publication d ' ouvrages ou de thses , etc . elle s ' accompagnera galement d ' une liste lectronique de discussion , principalement centre sur les articles parus dans la revue , mais permettant aussi l ' change sur d ' autres thmes . la soumission d ' articles en anglais est possible . les articles en anglais qui ont une double valuation positive seront traduits . appel a communication pour le n3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - les chercheurs travaillant dans les domaines mentionns plus haut ou dans des domaines connexes sont invits soumettre des articles de 20 pages ( 30 000 signes ) maximum sur le sujet de leur choix avant le 1 dcembre 1998 . les auteurs sont pris de respecter les instructions aux auteurs , disponibles sur le web l ' adresse http : / / www . john-libbey - eurotext . fr ou auprs de catherine lavau ( ( 33 ) 01 46 73 06 65 , fax : ( 33 ) 01 47 46 81 06 ou ( 33 ) 01 40 84 09 99 ) . les illustrations ou tableaux sont bienvenus . informations importantes - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - n3 taille des articles : 20 pages ( 30 000 signes ) format lectronique : word 6 ou infrieur ou ascii ( pour les autres formats , nous consulter ) date limite de rception des articles : 1 dcembre 1998 rponse : 31 dcembre 1998 articles dfinitifs fournir pour le : 31 janvier 1998 adresses lectroniques : < isabelle . blanchard @ loria . fr > adresse postale : isabelle blanchard revue langues loria-cnrs , bp 239 54506 vandoeuvre - les - nancy france tel : ( 33 ) 03 83 59 20 26 fax : ( 33 ) 03 83 41 30 79 la soumission lectronique de rsums ou d ' articles est possible aux adresses indiques ci-dessus . rdacteurs en chef : anne reboul , laurent romary - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the journal langues has just issued its first volume . the second one will be out in december 1998 . we are now calling for papers for the third issue . langues will issue four volumes a year . this publication , which will mainly publish papers in french and which is partly financed by aupelf-uref , aims to facilitate the dialogue between all the people who work on or with language , researchers , teachers of french , etc . it will thus publish papers on various subjects having to do with all the domains or disciplines related to language : linguistics ( phonology , morphology , lexical semantics , syntax , semantics , pragmatics ) , sociolinguistics ( social and cultural aspects of language and language use , linguistic variations , creole studies ) , applied linguistics ( teaching french as a second language , learning to read ) , psycholinguistics , language engineering ( automatic understanding , automatic translation , man-machine dialogue , production , speech analysis , information retrieval , corpus processing ) . this is not an exhaustive list . langues will be accompanied by an online web server where one or more paper ( s ) per volume will be accessible , as well as some services , conference announcements , tables of contents for other scientific journals , new publications , theses , etc . it will also be accompanied by an electronic mailing list , which will encourage discussions about papers published in the journal and will allow exchanges on other subjects as well . the submission of papers in english is possible . papers in english with two positive evaluations will be translated in french . call for papers n 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - papers of 20 pages ( 30 000 characters ) at most in the domains mentioned above or in related domains can be submitted before the 1rst of december 1998 . papers in french should respect the instructions to authors which are available on the web at http : / / www . john-libbey - eurotext . fr or which can be obtained through catherine lavau ( ( 33 ) 01 46 73 06 65 , fax : ( 33 ) 01 47 46 81 06 or ( 33 ) 01 40 84 09 99 ) . illustrations or schemas are welcome . main informations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - n3 papers size : 20 pages ( 30 000 characters ) electronic format : word 6 or lower , or ascii ( for other formats , please contact us ) deadline for paper reception : 1 december 1998 notification of acceptance : 31 december 1998 final version due on : 31 january 1999 email addresses : < isabelle . blanchard @ loria . fr > snail mail address : isabelle blanchard langues loria-cnrs bp 239 54506 vandoeuvre - les - nancy france tel : ( 33 ) 03 83 59 20 26 fax : ( 33 ) 03 83 41 30 79 submission of abstracts or papers by email is possible at the adresses indicated above . editors : anne reboul , laurent romary - - - - - - - - = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = bonhomme @ loria . fr | office : b . 228 http : / / www . loria . fr / ~ bonhomme | phone : 03 83 59 30 52 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * serveur silfide : http : / / www . loria . fr / projets / silfide * projet aquarelle : http : / / aqua . inria . fr = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
",0
2074,"Subject: workshop on dialogue and prosody
 
 call for papers you are invited to submit an abstract plus title to the esca tutorial and research workshop on dialogue and prosody eindhoven ( the netherlands ) , september 1 - 3 , 1999 http : / / www . tue . nl / ipo / sli / etrw . html introduction the ipo , center for research on user - system interaction in eindhoven ( the netherlands ) , in association with the eindhoven university of technology ( tue ) and the european speech communication association ( esca ) , is pleased to announce a 3 - day workshop on dialogue and prosody , which will take place in the eindhoven area in the week before eurospeech ` 99 . anyone dealing with theoretical , empirical , computational or experimental approaches to the interplay between dialogue and prosody is invited to submit an abstract . we specifically welcome those contributions of which the content is directly relevant for human-computer interaction . motivation now that spoken dialogue systems are becoming more sophisticated , increasing demands are placed on the way these systems deal with prosody , both in the generation of system utterances as in the processing of user utterances . on the one hand , appropriate prosody may facilitate the processing of system utterances by users of a dialogue system . on the other hand , dialogue systems may profit from taking into consideration prosodic information of user utterances at different levels of representation . however , for experts in the area of prosody it is not always easy to link their work to the developments in the domain of dialogue modelling , whereas researchers working in the area of dialogue modelling often are rather naive with respect to prosodic modelling . the goal of the workshop is bringing together researchers from both domains to provide either group with a better view of developments in the other domain and in this way stimulate progress . format the format of the workshop will consist of keynote presentations by experts in the field of dialogue and prosody modelling , combined with oral and poster presentations of accepted papers . all presentations will be plenary . all contributions to the workshop will be published in workshop proceedings , that will consist of 4 - page camera-ready papers . as an additional result of the workshop , the organizers intend to produce a working document that will contain an overview of the state-of - the-art , some open research questions , and position statements regarding the theme of dialogue and prosody . in order to maximize the possibilities for fruitful discussion , the number of participants will be limited to about a hundred . priority wil be given to persons with accepted papers on a first-come first-served basis . topics questions in this domain that could be addressed at the workshop are for instance : - which prosodic features of user utterances help the system to improve performance with respect to asr , speech understanding , and dialogue management ( turn-taking , back-channeling ) ? - how can those features be extracted automatically and be made available at the right time ? - with which prosodic features should system utterances be provided to help the user extract the information conveyed by the system , and to improve the fluency of the interaction ? - to what extent are prosodic characteristics of user utterances in their interactions with dialogue systems different from those in human-human interaction ? - how do we deal with prosodic variability in interactions between humans and machines , for instance due to level of expertise ( novices versus experts ) ? submission procedure researchers working in this domain are invited to email a 400 - words abstract ( plain ascii format ) , together with title , affiliation and keywords to diapro @ ipo . tue . nl if electronic submission is not possible , please send 5 copies of a 1 - page abstract to ipo , center for research on user - system interaction etrw on dialogue and prosody p . o . box 513 nl-5600 mb eindhoven ( the netherlands ) scientific committee gosta bruce ( sweden ) nick campbell ( japan ) carlos gussenhoven ( the netherlands ) julia hirschberg ( usa ) daniel hirst ( france ) merle horne ( sweden ) jill house ( uk ) stephen isard ( uk ) johanna moore ( uk ) elmar noeth ( germany ) anton nijholt ( the netherlands ) mari ostendorf ( usa ) thomas portele ( germany ) stephen pulman ( uk ) angelien sanderman ( the netherlands ) elizabeth shriberg ( usa ) david traum ( usa ) gert veldhuijzen van zanten ( the netherlands ) marilyn walker ( usa ) venue the etrw on dialogue and prosody will take place in the koningshof conference center , which is located in a rural setting in veldhoven , at close distance from eindhoven ( www . koningshof . nl ) . important dates january 15 , 1999 : deadline for submission of title and abstract march 1 , 1999 : notification of acceptance , instruction for authors , information on accommodation july 1 , 1999 : deadline for 4 - page camerady-ready paper , early registration september 1 - 3 , 1999 : etrw on dialogue and prosody further information for further information , please contact marc swerts ( swerts @ ipo . tue . nl ) or jacques terken ( terken @ ipo . tue . nl ) . updated information will also be available at http : / / www . tue . nl / ipo / sli / etrw . html
",0
2075,"Subject: current topics in constraint - based theories of germanic syntax ( 2 . cfp )
 
 abstracts due : 15 . february esslli-98 workshop on current topics in constraint-based theories of germanic syntax august 17 - 21 , 1998 a workshop held as part of the 10th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli-98 ) august 17 - 28 , 1998 , saarbrueken , germany * * second call for papers * * organizers : tibor kiss and detmar meurers ( ibm germany and univ . tuebingen ) web site : http : / / www . dcs . warwick . ac . uk / ~ esslli98 / workshops . html background : a number of approaches to germanic languages ( excluding english ) have been developed in constraint-based theories like hpsg and lfg . apart from the issue of empirical adequacy , formal issues were raised , among them : - the nature of complex predicates and the mechanisms used to formalize them - linearization versus movement analyses of various phenomena - the nature of functional projections - configurational and non-configurational properties of scope determination the idea of this workshop is to provide a forum to present and discuss current approaches exploring such empirical and formal issues of the syntax of germanic languages ( excluding english ) . focusing on germanic rather than on a particular syntactic theory is intended to allow for more inter-framework discussion . workshop format : the workshop will consist of five sessions , with two 30 + 10 - minute presentations in each session . submission : all researchers in the area , but especially ph . d . students and young researchers , are encouraged to submit an extended abstract of 2000-3000 words either as hardcopy or electronically ( postscript only ) . the accepted papers will be made available in a summer school reader . if sufficiently many high-quality papers are submitted , we intend to publish them in an edited volume . submissions should be sent before 15 . february 1998 to one of the following two organizers : tibor kiss detmar meurers ibm germany universitaet tuebingen vangerowstr . 18 seminar fuer sprachwissenschaft d-69115 heidelberg kleine wilhelmstr . 113 germany d-72074 tuebingen germany tibor @ heidelbg . ibm . com dm @ sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de registration : workshop contributors will be required to register for esslli-98 , but they will be eligible for a reduced registration fee . important dates : feb 15 , 98 : deadline for submissions apr 15 , 98 : notification of acceptance may 15 , 98 : deadline for final copy aug 17 , 98 : start of workshop further information : to obtain further information about esslli-98 please visit the esslli-98 home page at http : / / www . coli . uni-sb . de / esslli
",0
2076,"Subject: workshop on analogy
 
 workshop advances in analogy research : integration of theory and data from the cognitive , computational , and neural sciences sofia , july 17-20 , 1998 aims : this workshop is intended to stimulate the researchers in the field of analogy to cooperate more intensively and to integrate various approaches and data in their study . its aim is to advance our understanding of the cognitive mechanisms of analogy-making , i . e . how people notice / perceive analogies , how they retrieve analogs from memory or how they construct them , how they map and transfer knowledge from one domain to another , how they combine knowledge from multiple analogs or how they combine analogy with rule-based reasoning , how they generalize and learn from the analogies made , how they use analogies for problem solving , explanation , argumentation , creation . what is the place of analogy among the various cognitive processes , such as perception , thinking , memory , learning , etc . what is the role of analogy in human development ? which are the brain structures involved in analogy-making processes ? what kind of deficits do brain-damaged patients exhibit ? this workshop will be highly interdisciplinary and will make a serious attempt to integrate the knowledge researchers have accumulated on analogy-making in various domains : artificial intelligence / computational modeling , cognitive psychology , developmental psychology , neuropsychology , philosophy , cognitive linguistics , as well as various applications in education , legal and political reasoning , etc . a serious attempt will be made to integrate all the positive results obtained so far in theories of analogy-making , computational modeling , and experimental work . the workshop participants will participate in numerous formal and informal discussions which we hope will lead to systematization of the knowledge in the field , formulating established facts , open issues , and ideas for new approaches . format of the workshop : the workshop will consist of key talks ( 45 min ) ( see the list of key talks ) , short papers ( 20 min ) , poster presentations , round table thematic discussions , working group sessions , informal discussions , concluding discussions on ideas for future work and cooperative projects . pre - proceedings of the workshop ( containing all the accepted papers ) will be published in advance and distributed to the participants , so that we can focus on discussions and joint work at the workshop . submission instructions paper and poster submissions should be made both electronically ( in rtf format ) and in hard copy ( a4 or us letter ( 11 "" x 8 . 5 "" ) paper format ) following these instructions . papers should be no more than 8 pages long , poster abstracts - one page . the text should be formatted in two columns with an overall width of 14 cm and length of 20 cm , with 0 . 7 cm between the columns . use 10 point times roman with 11 point vertical spacing , unless otherwise specified . the title should be 14 point , bold , centered , 0 . 5 cm below the top margin . authors ' names should be in 11 point , bold , and centered ; authors ' affiliation , postal address , and e-mail address should be in ordinary 10 point , centered . first - level headings should be 12 point , bold , initial caps , and centered . second - level headings should be 11 point , initial caps , bold , and flush left . third - level headings should be 10 point , bold , initial caps , and flush left . use standard apa citation format , e . g . ( mcclelland & rumelhart , 1981 ) . send your submissions electronically to analogy @ cogs . nbu . acad . bg and my regular mail to : boicho kokinov - analogy ' 98 cognitive science department new bulgarian university 21 , montevideo str . sofia 1635 , bulgaria timetable deadline for workshop registration - march 1st , 1998 deadline for submission of papers - march 1st , 1998 deadline for poster abstracts - march 20th , 1998 notification of acceptance - april 15th , 1998 invited participants ' deadline for papers - june 1st , 1998 publication of the workshop proceedings - june 30th , 1998 workshop - july 17-20 , 1998 , ( arrival 16th , departure 21st ) participants and funding participation in the workshop is mainly by invitation to ensure high quality and balance of representatives of various schools of thought , of various disciplines , of various countries and continents . the organizers hope that all these schools and geographic regions will be represented . the following list of invitees is provisional and open for additions . the workshop is , however , open to other participants as well , up to the upper limit of 50 participants . the organizers are looking for some funding which would allow us to support some of the participants for their participation in the workshop . however , as this is still uncertain , we would like to kindly ask the potential participants to look for their own funding sources and to try to ensure their participation in advance . co - events the workshop will take place during the 5th international summer school in cognitive science ( july 13-25 , 1998 ) which will offer an opportunity to have external critics and advisors from well known researchers working in other areas of cognitive science . location sofia is an old city first established by the thracians about 4000bc . there are still some ruins from the old roman time city . the national history museum holds some fascinating gold treasures from thracian times . there is a small church with frescos from the 12th century painted in a realistic renaissance style a long time before the renaissance in europe started . not very far from sofia is the beautiful rila monastery as well as some old towns like plovdiv ( with an old town part and a roman amphitheater ) and koprivstitza . you may also want to combine your trip with a holyday at the black sea side . organizing committee : dedre gentner ( northwestern univ . , usa ) gentner @ nwu . edu - co - director keith holyoak ( univ . of california at los angeles , usa ) holyoak @ lifesci . ucla . edu edu - co - director boicho kokinov ( new bunlgarian univ . , bulgaria ) kokinov @ cogs . nbu . acad . bg edu - co - director robert french ( univ . of liege , belgium ) rfrench @ ulg . ac . be erica melis ( univ . of saarland , germany ) melis @ cs . uni-sb . de list of key talks umberto eco - ( not confirmed yet ) douglas hofstadter - analogy as the core of cognition keith holyoak - the place of analogy in a physical symbol system dedre gentner - comparison and cognition gilles fauconnier - analogy and conceptual integration jaime carbonell - analogy in problem solving , from the routine to the creative boicho kokinov - analogy is like cognition : complex , emergent , context - sensitive mark keane - why conceptual combination is seldom analogy david premack - analogies in chimpanzees andy meltzoff - the origins and early development of analogy in the preverbal period usha goswami - analogical reasoning in children graeme halford - the problem of structural complexity in cognitive processes : a metric based on representational rank ken forbus - qualitative mental models : simulations or memories ? paul thagard - emotional analogies james hampton - analogy is like categorization : thoughts on the role of conceptual structure in analogical reasoning adam biela - analogical resoning as a base for structuring cognitive schemata in new situations : a case of economic transformation in post - communist countries list of invited participants ron ferguson ( northwestern university , usa ) ferguson @ ils . nwu . edu ken kurtz ( northwestern university , usa ) kjk @ nwu . edu arthur markman ( columbia university , usa ) markman @ paradox . psych . columbia . edu john hummel ( ucla , usa ) jhummel @ lifesci . ucla . edu richard catrambone ( georgia institute of technology , usa ) rc7 @ prism . gatech . edu charles wharton ( national institutes of health , usa ) wharton @ codon . nih . gov barbara spellman ( u . of virginia , usa ) spellman @ psyvax . psy . utexas . edu laura novick ( vanderbilt university , usa ) novicklr @ ctrvax . vanderbilt . edu mary jo rattermann ( hampshire , usa ) mratter1 @ swarthmore . edu judy deloache ( u . of illinois , usa ) jdeloach @ [ s . psych . ] uiuc . edu manuela veloso ( cmu , usa ) mmv @ cs . cmu . edu david leake ( indiana university , usa ) leake @ cs . indiana . edu robert goldstone ( indiana university , usa ) rgoldsto @ ucs . indiana . edu jim marshall ( indiana university , usa ) marshall @ cogsci . indiana . edu brian bowdle ( indiana university , usa ) bbowdle @ indiana . edu melanie mitchell ( santa fe institute , usa ) mm @ santafe . edu miriam bassok ( u . of washington , usa ) mbassok @ u . washington . edu roger thompson ( franklin & marshall college , lancaster , pa , usa ) r _ thompson @ acad . fandm . edu nancy nersessian ( georgia tech , usa ) nancyn @ cc . gatech . edu john clement ( university of massachusets , ma , usa ) jclement @ educ . umass . edu eve sweetser ( uc berkeley , usa ) sweetser @ cogsci . berkeley . edu adele goldberg ( ucsd , usa ) aegoldberg @ ucsd . edu lokendra shastri ( uc berkeley , usa ) schastri @ icsi . berkeley . edu thomas ward ( texas a&m university , usa ) tbw @ psyc . tamu . edu ronald finke ( texas a&m university , usa ) raf @ psyc . tamu . edu jim herriot ( sun , usa ) jim . herriot @ eng . sun . com cameron shelley ( u . of waterloo , canada ) cpshelle @ watarts . uwaterloo . ca bipin indurkhya ( tokyo university of agriculture and technology , japan ) bipin @ cc . tuat . ac . jp hiroaki suzuki ( aoyama gakuin university , japan ) susan @ ri . aoyama . ac . jp tony plate ( victoria u of wellington , new zealand ) tony . plate @ mcs . vuw . ac . nz pentti kanerva ( sics , sweden ) kanerva @ sics . se robert french ( university of liege , belgium ) rfrench @ ulg . ac . be john a barnden ( university of birmingham , uk ) < j . a . barnden @ cs . bham . ac . uk > michael ramscar ( university of edinburgh , uk ) michael @ aisb . ed . ac . uk bruce burns ( u . of potsdam , germany ) burns @ persius . rz . uni-potsdam . de friedrich wilkening ( u . of tuebingen , germany ) wilk @ mailserv . zdv . uni-tuebingen . de friedrich . wilkening @ uni-tuebingen . de michael waldmann ( max - planck institute of psychological research in munich , germany ) waldmann @ mpipf-muenchen . mpg . de meredith gattis ( max - planck institute of psychological research in munich , germany ) gattis @ mpipf-muenchen . mpg . de erica melis ( univ . of saarland , germany ) melis @ cs . uni-sb . de cristina cacciari ( university of bologna , italy ) cacciari @ psibo . unibo . it stella vosniadou ( university of athens , greece ) svosniad @ atlas . uoa . ariadne-t . gr merry bullock ( university of vilnus , estonia ) mxb . apa @ email . apa . org , merry @ vm . ee maciej haman ( university of warsaw , poland ) meh @ sci . psych . uw . edu . pl dan simon ( haifa university , israel ) dsimon @ research . haifa . ac . il
",0
2077,"Subject: slavic linguistics
 
 fasl8 8th annual workshop on formal approaches to slavic linguistics hosted by the institute for research in cognitive science , university of pennsylvania 3401 walnut street , suite 400a philadelphia , pa 19104 21 - 23 may , 1999 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * general session 22 - 23 may , 1999 ( saturday and sunday ) abstracts are invited for 20 - minute presentations on topics dealing with formal aspects of any area of theoretical slavic linguistics ( synchronic or diachronic ) : - syntax - morphology - semantics - phonology - discourse analysis - sociolinguistics special session : slavic linguistics in cognitive science 21 may , 1999 ( friday ) abstracts are invited for 20 - minute presentations on topics dealing with formal cognitive approaches to slavic languages : - psycholinguistics - acquisition - computational linguistics - neurolinguistics presentations will be followed by a 10 - minute discussion period . guest speakers anthony kroch ( university of pennsylvania ) and caroline heycock ( university of edinburgh ) greville corbett ( university of surrey ) draga zec ( cornell university ) abstract deadline - - february 19 , 1999 how to submit abstracts the preferred method is by email . these should be addressed to < fasl8 @ linc . cis . upenn . edu > please use plain text if possible , and use the subject header : "" abstract "" abstract text should be no longer than 500 words . at the top of the abstract , please include the names and affiliations of all the authors , and the email of the author who will handle correspondence . also iindicate the primary area of linguistics addressed , e . g . , syntax , acquisition etc . please leave several blank lines between this information and the abstract proper ( title and text ) , to facilitate anonymous review . the dispreffered method is by regular mail . send 6 copies of a 500 - word abstract to the postal address below . please include one 3x5 card with : - title of paper - your name - address and affiliation - telephone and / or fax numbers - email address mail to : fasl8 committee the institute for research in cognitive science 3401 walnut street , suite 400a university of pennsylvania philadelphia , pa 19104 persons interested in attending fasl8 are invited to register their email and / or mailing addresses at the conference address above . on - campus accomodations will be provided by the upenn housing services in a high rise residence . conference participants will be assigned to private bedrooms in firnished units that contain either two , three , or four bedrooms and a shared bathroom . a limited number of private units are available . the current rate for each unit is $ 37 . 50 per day . those interested in reserving a room , should send their request to the fasl8 organizing committee at the address above . address for correspondence : < fasl8 @ linc . cis . upenn . edu > additional information will be available later at the fasl8 web site : < http : / / www . cis . upenn . edu / ~ fasl8 >
",0
2078,"Subject: general and theoretical linguistics
 
 call for papers the berkeley linguistics society is pleased to announce its twenty - fifth annual meeting , to be held february 13-15 , 1999 . the conference will consist of a general session and a parasession on saturday and sunday , followed by a special session on monday . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * general session : the general session will cover all areas of general linguistic interest . invited speakers carol fowler , haskins laboratories , univ . of connecticut , yale univ . stephen levinson , max planck institut fr psycholinguistik , nijmegen bjrn lindblom , univ . of stockholm and univ . of texas , austin alec marantz , massachusetts institute of technology * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * parasession : loan word phenomena the parasession invites papers on loan word phenomena from various theoretical , historical , sociolinguistic , and typological perspectives , as well as descriptive works and field reports . areas of interest include stratification of the lexicon and loan word 's ubgrammars ' , re-lexification , the role of orthography , markedness effects , second-language acquisition , child language , bilingualism and code-switching , etc . invited speakers ellen broselow , state university of new york , stony brook garland cannon , texas a&m university junko ito & armin mester , university of california , santa cruz * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * special session : issues in caucasian , dravidian and turkic linguistics the special session will feature research on caucasian , dravidian and turkic languages . papers addressing both diachronic and synchronic issues are welcome . potential topics include theoretical and descriptive accounts of structural features , writing systems and transcription problems , language reform , and the reconstruction of the respective proto - languages , including the question of altaic linguistic unity . invited speakers lars johanson , universitt mainz k . p . mohanan , national university of singapore johanna nichols , university of california , berkeley * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * we encourage proposals from diverse theoretical frameworks and welcome papers from related disciplines , such as anthropology , cognitive science , computer science , literature , philosophy , and psychology . papers presented at the conference will be published in the society 's proceedings , and authors who present papers agree to provide camera-ready copy ( not to exceed 12 pages ) by may 15 , 1999 . presentations will be allotted 20 minutes with 10 minutes for questions . we ask that you make your abstract as specific as possible , including a statement of your topic or problem , your approach , and your conclusions . please send 10 copies of an anonymous one-page ( 8 1 / 2 "" x 11 "" , unreduced ) abstract . a second page , or reverse side of the single page , may be used for data and references only . along with the abstract send a 3 "" x5 "" card listing : ( 1 ) paper title , ( 2 ) session ( general , parasession , or special ) , ( 3 ) for general session abstracts only , subfield , viz . , discourse analysis , historical linguistics , morphology , philosophy and methodology of linguistics , phonetics , phonology , pragmatics , psycholinguistics , semantics , sociolinguistics , or syntax , ( 4 ) name ( s ) of author ( s ) , ( 5 ) affiliation ( s ) of author ( s ) , ( 6 ) address to which notification of acceptance or rejection should be mailed ( in november 1998 ) , ( 7 ) author 's office and home phone numbers , ( 8 ) author 's e-mail address , if available . an author may submit at most one single and one joint abstract . in case of joint authorship , one address should be designated for communication with bls . send abstracts to : bls 25 abstracts committee , 1203 dwinelle hall , university of california , berkeley , ca 94720 . abstracts must be received by 4 : 00 p . m . , november 2 , 1998 . we may be contacted by e-mail at bls @ socrates . berkeley . edu . electronic abstract submission : via e-mail . only those abstracts written in english ascii will be accepted . please do not send attachments . electronic submissions may be sent to bls @ socrates . berkeley . edu . more information on e-mail submission and additional guidelines for abstracts can be found at our web site http : / / www . linguistics . berkeley . edu / bls / . we will not accept faxed abstracts . registration fees : before february 5 , 1999 ; $ 15 for students , $ 30 for non-students ; after february 5 , 1999 ; $ 20 for students , $ 35 for non-students .
",0
2079,"Subject: nominal expressions
 
 first announcement and call for papers ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ esslli-99 workshop on the generation of nominal expressions university of utrecht , the netherlands 9-13 august 1999 context : the workshop will take place in association with the 11th european summer school "" logic linguistics and information "" ( esslli ) , to be held in utrecht , the netherlands , from 9-20 august 1999 . the format of the workshop is 5 x 90 minutes on the 5 consecutive days of 9 to 13 august 1999 . the esslli summer school is organized under the auspices of the european association for logic , language and information ( folli ) . previous esslli summer schools have been highly successful , attracting around 500 students from europe and elsewhere . the school has developed into an important meeting place and forum for discussion for students and researchers interested in the interdisciplinary study of logic , language and information . for more information see http : / / esslli . let . uu . nl . workshop description : if someone attempted to assess the ` state of the art ' of linguistic research on nominal expressions by looking at how present-day programs generate nominals , he or she would no doubt underestimate gravely the level of sophistication of theoretical work on nominals . it can be argued that this is because existing work on the computational generation of nominals has limited itself to relatively simple nominals , often focussing on simple ( singular ) definite descriptions and pronouns . alternatively , it might be contended that much of the theoretical work in this area is not mature enough to be appicable in generation . be this as it may , work on the generation of nominals has not profited much from theoretical research in formal semantics and psycholinguistics on the meaning , interpretation and production of nominal expressions . this workshop will try to bridge the gap between theory and practice in this area by focusing on the generation of nominal expressions of different linguistic types including , for example , indefinite and quantificational nps ( of different monotonicity types ) . the theme of the workshop is closely related to that of a number of ongoing research projects , including the gnome ( ` generation of nominal expressions ' ) project , in which the itri ( brighton ) and hcrc ( edinburgh / durham ) collaborate , and which is funded by the epsrc in the united kingdom . topics for which submissions are invited include : ( 1 ) the influence of discourse context on the appropriateness and interpretation of a nominal expression ( 2 ) descriptive issues concerning the treatment of plurality , bridging , aggregation , eventualities , reference to text , cross-modal reference , etc . ( 3 ) representational issues ( i . e . , what kind of meaning representations should form the input to the generation algorithm ? ) ( 4 ) reversibility of grammars ( 5 ) differences in textual style or ` genre ' ( 6 ) psycholinguistic research relevant to computational natural language generation ( nlg ) ( 7 ) corpus - based work leading to insights relevant for computational nlg ( 8 ) issues of system / algorithm evaluation . practical issues : we welcome short ( i . e . , roughly 1000-1500 words ) electronic submissions ( send email to rodger . kibble @ itri . brighton . ac . uk ) on the theme of the workshop . submissions should be in postscript or plain ascii . please include "" esslli99 "" in the subject line of your message to make things easy for us . in accordance with the description of the workshop description , we encourage submissions about theoretical ( e . g . , formal semantic or psycholinguistic ) , applied , or corpus-based work , as long as the work is clearly relevant for nlg programs . no matter what they consider the main focus of their work , we ask authors to * stress relevance for nlg * in their submission ( and , later , in their presentation ) . this will ensure that all contributions will contain a common ` core ' , notwithstanding their differences in perspective . it is esslli 's practice to make sure that workshops go ahead only if there turns out to be a sufficient level of interest , based on quantity and quality of submissions . workshop speakers are required to register for the summer school ; however , workshop speakers will be able to register at a reduced rate to be determined by the organizing committee . limited funds are available to contribute to speakers ' expenses in exceptional circumstances . important dates : - first call for papers : 22 october 1998 - deadline for submissions of abstracts : 1 march 1999 - notification of acceptance : 1 may 1999 - workshop to be held : august 9-13 for any questions , please contact the organizers or consult our web page at < http : / / www . itri . brighton . ac . uk / projects / gnome / esslli99 . html > which will shortly be available . rodger kibble & kees van deemter information technology research institute ( itri ) university of brighton lewes road , watts building brighton bn2 4gj united kingdom email : rodger . kibble @ itri . brighton . ac . uk kees . van . deemter @ itri . brighton . ac . uk fax : + 44 1273 642908
",0
2080,"Subject: language and culture
 
 call for papers s a l s a the symposium about language and society - austin is pleased to announce its seventh annual meeting to be held april 9-11 , 1999 at the university of texas at austin . we encourage the submission of abstracts on research that addresses the relationship of language to culture and society . desired frameworks include but are not limited to : linguistic anthropology sociolinguistics ethnography of communication speech play , verbal art , and poetics political economy of language 1999 keynote speakers jill brody louisiana state university charles goodwin university of california , los angeles marjorie harness goodwin university of california , los angeles elizabeth keating university of texas at austin selected papers delivered at the conference will be published as a special edition of the texas linguistic forum . speakers will be allowed 20 minutes for presentation and 10 minutes for discussion . papers will be selected based on the evaluation of an anonymous written abstract which may not exceed one page ( using 10 pt . font or larger ) . please submit : 1 ) six ( 6 ) copies of the abstract , on 81 / 2 x 11 paper , to the address below . 2 ) a 3x5 card with the following information : a ) the title of the paper b ) author 's name c ) author 's affiliation d ) address , phone number , and email address at which the author wishes to be notified . 3 ) a short 100 word abstract , on a 3 . 5 "" disk ( mac or pc ) , for publication in the conference program . texts must be word-processed in text-only ascii or microsoft word ( mac or pc ) . please label your disk clearly . see the salsa web page for more details : http : \ \ www . dla . utexas . edu \ depts \ anthro \ projects \ salsa deadline for receipt of abstracts is january 15 , 1999 . late submissions will not be accepted , and we cannot accept papers which are to be published elsewhere . notification of acceptance or rejection will be sent in mid - february , 1999 . registration fees will be approximately $ 20 for students and $ 35 for non-students . papers must be received by early june , 1999 to be included in the published proceedings . send all correspondence to : salsa department of linguistics university of texas at austin austin , tx 78712 email : salsa @ ccwf . cc . utexas . edu anastasia coles amanda doran nisha merchant goss salsa vii co - chairs salsa @ ccwf . cc . utexas . edu
",0
2081,"Subject: terminology and knowledge engineering
 
 last call for papers ( deadline for submissions : 30 november 1998 ) 5th international congress on terminology and knowledge engineering tke 99 innsbruck ( austria ) 23-27 august 1999 organized by association for terminology and knowledge transfer ( gtw ) international information centre for terminology ( infoterm ) international network for terminology ( termnet ) http : / / gtw-org . uibk . ac . at / tke . html general considerations on behalf of the association for terminology and knowledge transfer - gesellschaft fr terminologie und wissenstransfer ( gtw ) - we are pleased to announce the 5th international congress on terminology and knowledge engineering tke ' 99 which will be held on the campus of the university of innsbruck , austria , between 23-27 august , 1999 . in continuation of the first four tke congresses in trier ( 1987 and 1990 ) , cologne ( 1993 ) and vienna ( 1996 ) , tke ' 99 will address world-wide interests in the interdisciplinary methods of terminology science , information science , computer science . it should furthermore help achieve the "" universal availability of information and knowledge "" via computerized methods , multimedia content-oriented net applications and other tools , open new horizons for more efficient applications based upon this integration of methodologies and elicit the interest and participation of experts working in the fields that are gradually drawing nearer from the point of theory and methodology such as * knowledge engineering * language engineering * computational philosophy * classification theory * information & documentation * computer - assisted instruction / learning * computerised terminography * specialized translation * technical writing * culture - related aspects of terminology tke ' 99 will address world-wide interests in the interdisciplinary methods of terminology studies , information science and computer science . it will help achieve the "" universal availability of information and knowledge "" via computerized methods , multimedia content-oriented net applications and other tools as well as open new horizons for more efficient applications based upon this integration of methodologies . tke 99 will also elicit the interest and participation of experts working in the fields that are gradually drawing nearer from the point of theory and methodology . general schedule while monday and tuesday are reserved for workshops , the main conference with parallel sections and the exhibition will be held from wednesday to friday . the conference starts with a general opening on wednesday morning . the keynote address "" conceptual navigation in multimedia knowledge spaces "" will be held by prof . kim veltman from the renowned european mcluhan institute for digital culture in maastricht . the second international infoterm award for applied research and development in the field of terminology ( terminology ard award 1999 ) will be awarded in conjunction with the tke 99 . there will also be the 13th gtw general assembly , meetings of the iitf , termnet and a tdcnet presentation . a high-ranking multimedia summit is planned for the day after the tke . sections the conference is subdivided into sections and workshops . the first will address theoretical problems and questions regarding each topic whereas the workshops cater for more application-oriented issues . the following sections are planned for tke ' 99 ; the persons mentioned are organizers and members of the reviewing panel . the keywords ( key ) should help to define the topics of each section . section 1 : philosophy of science and terminology studies e . oeser , g . budin key : knowledge theory , logic , epistemology , ontology , cognitive science , semiotics , fundamentals of computational philosophy section 2 : knowledge resource management kd . schmitz , s . e . wright , i . meyer key : knowledge data modelling , information management , knowledge rich terminology data bases , terminology and other data interchange , encyclopedic knowledge , reference tools , copyright issues , terminology and knowledge data extraction section 3 : knowledge transfer by specialist communication h . picht , s . shelov , j . graham key : specialized languages , knowledge and technology transfer section 4 : terminology in multimedia , education and training c galinski , k . prochazka , t . cabr i castellvi , h . sonneveld key : multi / hypermedia teaching and training , call , re-usability of language resources for textbooks and other teaching materials , scientific and technical writing , tele - and online teaching , new media and www didactics section 5 : terminology , localisation and internationalization a . melby , s . e . wright , k . h . freigang key : software localisation , technical documentation , user interfaces , usability validation and testing , liability issues , distributed cooperative authoring via the internet , unicode and www , language data in non - european scripts , interface between product data in td and cad / cam as well as inventory control , new technologies ( e . g . thin film displays , ' intelligent ' textiles etc . ) , quality management and terminology section 6 : terminology in new world wide web applications k . ahmad , f . mayer , c . plested alvarez key : preparation , representation and distribution of terminology and knowledge through the www , e-commerce , database and online publishing , global engineering networks ( gen ) , ipr issues , liability issues , knowledge management in virtual enterprises , definition of smallest knowledge units ( for accounting etc . ) section 7 : terminology in the multilingual information society c . lauren , y . arsky , j . myking key : human translation , terminology in plurilingual settings , multilingualism policies / strategies , language policies in enterprises , internationalization and globalisation , terminology documentation networks , european multilingual information society , global information alliance . section 8 : culture in the multimedia information society h . benking , a . goppold , g . budin key : multimodality of contents , indexing of cultural information , multidimensional classification of culture information , distribution and marketing of cultural information through the internet , culture and multimedia technology : bidirectional impacts , influence of esthetics on mm technology and database modelling , terminology in cultural information systems , culture-specific concepts in cross-culture communication , terminological methodology for multilingual culture encyclopedia design and publishing submitted papers the overall time for presentations including time for discussion will be 30 minutes . the papers may be presented in english , german or french while the submitted written version for the proceedings should be in english . according to the time schedule above some 50 papers ( including the keynote speech at the general opening and the second keynote address on thursday morning ) will be presented at tke ' 99 . the abstracts should be sent preferably by e-mail ( peter . sandrini @ uibk . ac . at ) , a submission form is available on the tke home page at http : / / gtw-org . uibk . ac . at / tke . html , by mail or by fax . authors are asked to provide an abstract of their papers to the organizer by 30 november 1998 , at the latest . the abstract undergoes a reviewing process carried out by the programming committee and the section organizers . by the end of january 1999 the authors will be informed about the acceptance of their papers . they will have time until 30 march 1999 to submit the full version , which will be processed for publication in the proceedings and printed prior to the congress . proceedings the proceedings of tke ' 99 will be published in advance by termnet . there will be one volume of the proceedings including all papers in topic order . the proceedings will be available for the participants at the beginning of the congress . workshops workshops within the framework of the congress are held on monday and tuesday . several workshops in correspondence with the section topics either with a more application-oriented or research-oriented emphasis are planned . exhibition within the framework of the general tke conference an exhibition / fair will be organized from wednesday through friday and coordinated by termnet . the conditions for exhibitors will be available from termnet . location the workshops on monday and tuesday as well as the congress itself are planned to be held in the rooms of the university of innsbruck . detailed plans for venues , lunches , exhibition etc . will be given later . tke youth forum students and young graduates interested in terminology and knowledge engineering will be welcome to the tke conference and a special package ( tke youth forum ) will be available which comprises : reduced congress fee reduced workshop fee admission to the youth forum this special package applies to students and graduates with a degree not older than three years . a photocopy of the student id or passport is required . congress fees detailed information on congress fees will be given in the program to be printed and distributed at the beginning of 1999 . for the speakers accepted , a reduction of 50 % will be allowed . conference participants requesting a reduced fee will have to provide adequate proof . programming committee : khurshid ahmad , university of surrey ( great britain ) yuri arsky , viniti ( russia ) heiner benking , universitt ulm ( germany ) gerhard budin , universitt wien ( austria ) teresa cabr i castellvi , universitat pompeu fabra , barcelona ( spain ) karl - heinz freigang , universitt des saarlandes , saarbrcken ( germany ) christian galinski , infoterm , vienna ( austria ) andreas goppold , universitt ulm ( germany ) john d . graham , deutscher terminologietag e . v . ( germany ) jiao yunqi , csicci ( china ) christer lauren , university of vasa ( finland ) felix mayer , europische akademie bozen ( italy ) alan k . melby , brigham young university , provo ( usa ) ingrid meyer , university of ottawa ( canada ) johan myking , bergen ( norway ) erhard oeser , universitt wien , vienna ( austria ) heribert picht , handelshojskolen i kobenhavn , copenhagen ( denmark ) cecilia plested alvarez , universidad de antioquia ( colombia ) kurt prochazka , tgm ( austria ) peter sandrini , universitt innsbruck ( austria ) klaus - dirk schmitz , fachhochschule kln , cologne ( germany ) sergey d . shelov , committee for scientific terminology in fundamental research ( russia ) helmi sonneveld , eaft ( netherlands ) sue ellen wright , kent - state - university , ohio ( usa ) organizing committee christian galinski , infoterm , vienna ( austria ) klaus - dirk schmitz , fachhochschule kln , cologne ( germany ) peter sandrini , universitt innsbruck ( austria ) hideshiro nakamoto , iris , tokyo ( japan ) irmgard rieder , universitt innsbruck ( austria ) roberta schwarz , termnet ( austria ) supporting organisations : international institute for terminology research ( iitf ) german terminology society ( dtt ) european association for terminology ( eaft ) tdc - net consortium - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - pre - registrations : tyrol congress gmbh rennweg 3 , a-6020 innsbruck tel . + 43 + 512 / 575600 fax : + 43 + 512 / 575607 email : tyrol . congress @ tirol . com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - contributions and abstracts : gesellschaft fr terminologie und wissenstransfer ( gtw ) universitt innsbruck fischnalerstr . 4 a-6020 innsbruck ( austria ) tel . + 43 512 507 4261 fax + 43 512 507 2966 http : / / gtw-org . uibk . ac . at email : peter . sandrini @ uibk . ac . at - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - peter sandrini institut fuer uebersetzen und dolmetschen tel + 43 0512 507 4261 der universitaet innsbruck ( austria ) fax "" 2966
",0
2082,"Subject: natural language processing
 
 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ * % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ % % \ \ / / | _ _ _ | \ \ / / | _ _ | / \ | | % % \ \ / / | | _ \ \ / / | | / _ \ | | % % \ \ / / | | _ _ / / \ \ | | / _ _ _ \ | | _ _ _ % % \ _ _ / | _ _ _ _ | / / \ \ | _ / _ / \ _ \ _ _ _ _ _ | % % % % % % vextal % % venezia per il trattamento automatico delle lingue % % % % universita ' ca ' foscari - auditorium s . margherita % % dal 20 al 22 settembre 1999 % % per informazioni guardate la pagina web : % % http : / / byron . cgm . unive . it / eventi / vextal % % % % % @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( see english version below ) vextal primo annuncio ( prima scadenza : 6 marzo 1999 ) venezia dal 20 al 22 settembre 1999 il convegno vextal si terra ' a venezia , nell ' auditorium s . margherita dell ' universita ' ca ' foscari ed e ' rivolto a linguisti che usano metodi computazionali e quantitativo / statistici nello studio delle lingue . il convegno vextal e ' stato preceduto lo scorso anno da fractal , tenutosi a besancon - francia . le lingue ufficiali del convegno sono l ' italiano , il francese e l ' inglese . tematiche le comunicazioni , della durata di 20 minuti , domande incluse , potranno trattare i temi piu ' noti del tal : lessico morfologia sintassi semantica pragmatica discorso analisi generazione riassunto dialogo traduzione automatica approcci logici , quantitativi , statistici , simbolici altri domini di interesse per vextal sono i seguenti : aspetti cognitivi terminologia , acquisizione di conoscenza dai testi estrazione d ' informazione linguistica dei corpora correttori grammaticali , style-checkers insegnamento delle lingue assistito dall ' elaboratore linguistica matematica e quantitativa si accettano lavori su applicazioni implementate e verificate nel campo del tal . sono incoraggiate le dimostrazioni come complemento della presentazione di lavori scientifici . i lavori verranno pubblicati negli atti della conferenza . date da ricordare scadenza per l ' invio proposta : 6 marzo 1999 notificazione di accettazione : 15 maggio 1999 versione finale : 10 giugno 1999 conferenza : 20-22 settembre 1999 modalita ' di invio le proposte dovranno essere anonime , cioe ' non dovra ' apparire ne ' il nome dell ' autore ne ' una sua citazione . gli articoli non dovranno superare le 9 pagine , spaziatura singola , times 10 , 6000 parole massimo . gli articoli devono essere inviati in forma cartacea , formato a4 , o in forma elettronica , formato . rtf di word o . ps al seguente indirizzo : indirizzo elettronico : vextal @ byron . cgm . unive . it indirizzo postale : vextal - ca ' garzoni - moro san marco 3417 universita ' ca ' foscari 30124 - v e n e z i a ( it ) formato dell ' invio elettronico : l ' invio elettronico deve essere indirizzato all ' indirizzo indicato piu ' sopra , vextal @ cgm . unive . it , con il "" subject "" , "" vextal - relazione "" , per l ' articolo e "" vextal - autore "" per la pagina contenente titolo , nome autore , affiliazione , indirizzo postale ed elettronico , numero di telefono , fax e pagina web . i formati possono essere solo - rtf ( word ) e postscript importante : tutti i lavori . ps devono essere in formato a4 . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % vextal first call for proposals ( deadline : 6 march 1999 ) venice ( italy ) 20 - 22 september 1999 for more information look at the web page : http : / / byron . cgm . unive . it / eventi / vextal the vextal conference will be held in the auditorium s . margherita of the university ca ' foscari - venice ( it ) , 20 - 22 september , 1999 . it is directed to research people working in the area of computational linguistics , mathematical and quantitative linguistics , corpus linguistics and language engineering . it is the follow-up of fractal held in besancon ( france ) , last year . the official languages of the conference are italian , french and english . themes papers are invited for twenty minute talks , questions included , in all areas of natural language processing , including ( but not limited to ) : lexicon morphology syntax semantics pragmatics discourse parsing text generation abstraction / summarization dialogue machine translation quantitative , logical , symbolical and statistical approaches vextal also welcomes submissions from fields for which nlp plays an important role , which are more application oriented : cognitive aspects terminology , knowledge acquisition information extraction documentary retrieval corpus linguistics grammar and style-checkers and nlp tools computer assisted language learning mathematical & quantitative linguistics vextal invites submissions focusing on nlp applications already implemented , tested and evaluated . demos are strongly encouraged , in addition to a standard paper . all accepted papers will be published in the conference proceedings . calendar submission deadline : 6 march 1999 notification to authors : 15 may 1999 final version due : 10 june 1999 conference : 20 - 22 september 1999 submission procedure submissions will be anonymous , and should therefore not include the author 's name , nor any self-reference . the maximum length is nine pages , single spaced , times 10 , ( approx . 6000 words ) . hard - copies of the paper must be in a4 format . authors are encouraged to send an electronic version of their paper . e - mail address : vextal @ byron . cgm . unive . it address : vextal - ca ' garzoni - moro san marco 3417 universita ' ca ' foscari 30124 - v e n e z i a ( it ) guidelines for electronic submission : authors should send their submission ( neither compressed nor encoded ) via e - mail as an attached file to the address above , specifying "" vextal - submission "" as the subject . a separate identification page ( with the following information : title of the paper , author 's name , affiliation , postal address , e - mail address , fax and telephone number ) should also be send specifying "" vextal - author "" . papers must be sent in one of the following formats : - rtf ( word ) document and postscript version . important : all postscript versions must be in a4 format . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
",0
2083,"Subject: cognitive studies in creolistics
 
 6th international cognitive linguistics conference stockholm , 11th - 16th july 1999 . theme session : cognitive studies in creolistics call for abstracts the theme session is intended as a workshop in which papers that are relevant to this topic are invited in order to promote the discussion between creolists and cognitive linguists . the papers may incorporate empirical studies as well as theoretical debates that discuss aspects of description and analysis of mental structures and language processes within the field of creole languages . there are two main strands in the field which are presently discussed , the question of creole genesis as a gradual restructuring process on the one hand , and questions of practical implications of creole research on bilingual education and standardization in the creole societies on the other hand . how can we - from a cognitivist 's point of view - account for the existence of different degrees in a yet consistent pattern of restructuring ? what are the cognitive components that shape language competence in a creole setting where children grow up bilingually , either where the lexifying language of the creole equals the standard or where they differ ? another set of questions that can be raised with respect to this workshop relates to the topic of how studies of creole languages , and other contact language varities ( e . g . pidgins ) might contribute to cognitive linguistic theory in general . for instance , certain structural features of creoles have been said to be ' universal ' in the sense of common to all creole languages ; ( how ) can we explain these features from a cognitivist viewpoint ? how does the structure of creoles ( and again , other contact language varieties ) differ from that of other natural languages , and how can these differences be explained ? ' we would like to organize the papers under the following headings : 1 . aspects of language systems 2 . creolization as language acquisition 3 . bilingualism half - to one page abstracts should be submitted by e-mail to anette nielsen ( vixen @ ling . aau . dk ) by november 1st . 1998 . ( we are very , very sorry for not having sent out this call earlier - there has been a misunderstanding between the theme session and conference organizers . we sincerely hope that you can manage to come up with an abstract anyway . ) notification of acceptance will be by november 15th . further information about the 6th international cognitive linguistics conference can be obtained at the conference website : http : / / bamse . ling . su . se / iclc99 theme session organizers : rebekka ehret and anette nielsen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ get your private , free email at http : / / www . hotmail . com
",0
2084,"Subject: languaging 99 : a conference across literature , linguistics , & writing
 
 update : languaging 99 announcing the linguistics plenary speaker : donna jo napoli swarthmore college also , call for last-minute papers : languaging 99 : a conference across literature , linguistics , and writing university of north texas , denton , texas 4 - 6 march 1999 ( see our previous linguist posting for more details ) submission "" deadline "" : email : beginning of november 1998 linglit @ unt . edu for more information : see our previous linguist post , or to go http : / / www . unt . edu / languaging
",0
2085,"Subject: review of mon - khmer studies 27
 
 review of mon - khmer studies , vol . 27 ( 1997 ) ; mahidol university at salaya , thailand , and summer institute of linguistics , dallas , texas , usa ; us $ 39 . 00 . reviewed by neil h . olsen , neil . olsen @ ci . slc . ut . us volume 27 of mon - khmer studies ( mks ) is dedicated to paul k . benedict on the occasion of his 85th birthday ( 5 july 1997 ) . tragically , dr . benedict died sixteen days later in an automobile accident . robert s . bauer writes a memorial tribute which includes a concise biography . following bauer 's memorial , he and other mks editors have compiled a bibliography of benedict \ 213s articles , books , and conference papers - - the most current and complete published to date . mks 27 is the third volume in the special series dedicated to recognized experts in the field of southeast asian linguistics . mks 25 was dedicated to the late andre haudricourt and mks 26 to david thomas , one of the founding editors of mks in 1964 . mks 28 will resume the regular format of the journal . although mks is generally a journal devoted to mon - khmer and austroasiatic languages , it welcomes articles on other southeast asian languages and language families . the 28 papers in this volume are more ambitious than previous mks volumes and represent a wide range of linguistic topics which reflect dr . benedict 's broad , eclectic , and sometimes controversial interests . there are papers on chinese , japanese , tai , sino - tibetan , tibeto - burman , hmong - mien , austronesian , and , of course , austroasiatic . the main purpose of this review is to briefly summarize the various papers so that readers may select those articles which interest them . the first paper is paul k . benedict 's , "" interphyla flow in southeast asia , "" which was one of the keynote speeches at the 4th international symposium on languages and linguistics , pan - asiatic linguistics , held in bangkok in january 1966 . benedict warns us that the field of southeast asian linguistics is the bosnia of historical linguistics - - a lovely landscape strewn with land mines ! he playfully formulates a law of historical linguistics : the number of linguistic errors perpetrated is inversely proportional to the median length of the roots involved . the remainder of his paper is devoted to exploring sino - tibetan , mon - khmer , and austro - tai homelands ( with a map and diagram ) , distinguishing between direct and stimulus diffusion in interphyla tone flow , and contrasting affixation patterns among the superstocks . finally , he traces a pair of mon - khmer loan - words , ' tiger ' and ' raptor ' , as they ' invade ' southeast asia . "" on the track of austric : part ii , consonant mutation in early austroasiatic ' by la vaughn h . hayes is a data-rich paper continuing ( part i in mks 21 ) his effort to validate wilhem schmidt 's 1906 hypothesis that austroasiatic and austronesian are genetically related and should be grouped under a new austric superstock . hayes claims that diachronic changes affecting proto - austroasiatic obscure and conceal the linkage between ancient consonants and their modern reflexes . these changes have contributed to the difficulty of establishing the lexical connection between austroasiatic and austronesian . this paper describes and details four plre phonological shifts - - palatalization , spirantization , assibilation , and voicing - - which took place early in the history of the austroasiatic language family causing massive mutations in the consonant system . dipankar moral , in "" north - east india as a linguistic area , "" delineates seven indian states - - with 220 languages belonging to the indo - european , sino - tibetan , and austroasiatic families - - as a linguistic area distinct from the rest of india . lists of common linguistic characteristics ( phonological , grammatical , and lexical features ) bolster the argument of areal uniqueness . read this paper in conjunction with simon 's paper noted below . michel ferlus , in ' le maleng bro et le vietnamien , describes the phonology and morphology of maleng bro , a viet - muong language spoken in khammouan , laos . data from maleng sheds light on viet - muong linguistic history , especially the syllable structure and ancient morphology of vietnamese and the development of its tones . david filbeck , in "" the protasis - apodosis construction in mal , "" gives a structural and functional description of a topic-comment syntactic pattern in mal , a mon - khmer language spoken in northern thailand . sujaritlak deepadung and suriya ratanakul , in "" final particles in conversational mal ( thin ) , "" discuss status , question , and mood sentence final particles in the ban sakat klang dialect of mal . dai qingxia and liu yan , in "" analysis of the tones in the guangka subdialect of deang , "" present a synchronic description and analysis of guangka tones . they compare guangka to other deang dialects with and without tones . deang is a mon - khmer language spoken in southwest yunnan , china . this study contributes to further understanding of the development of tone systems in mon - khmer languages . theraphan l . - thongkum , in "" the place of lawi , harak , and tariang within bahnaric , "" presents the results of field work with mon - khmer languages spoken in sekong province , laos . ethnolinguistic data and word lists are included . lawi is classified as a west bahnaric language , while the place of harak and tariang within bahnaric is unclear at present . natalja m . spatar , in "" imperative constructions in cambodian , "" notes that the cambodian imperative paradigm consists of four categories : 1st person sg . and pl . , 2nd person , and 3rd person . the center of this paradigm is the 2nd person imperative forms : any imperative marker ( except oj ) can be used in a 2nd person imperative , and only 2nd person imperatives can be used without any marker and without a subject . suwilai premsrirat , in "" linguistic contributions to the study of the northern khmer language of thailand in the last two decades , "" surveys the linguistic work , major developments , and recent research that has been conducted on khmer ( cambodian ) as spoken in thailand . a 3 - page bibliography is included . sophana srichampa , in "" serial verb constructions in vietnamese , "" examines a specific verb construction in vietnamese - - a sequence of verbs occurring together with a non-overt subject and / or a non-overt object - - within the framework of government and binding theory . zhou zhizhi and yan qixiang , in their "" on the genetic affiliation of vietnamese , "" reopen the old debate concerning whether vietnamese is a tai , austroasiatic , or chinese language . they compare 159 basic vocabulary items from vietnamese with thai and zhuang ( tai languages ) and wa , blang , and palaung ( austroasiatic languages ) . focusing on a 40 % cognate rate with wa , they examine phonetic and grammatical similarities between vietnamese and wa and confirm that vietnamese is indeed an austroasiatic language . i . m . simon , in "" on first looking into paul k . benedict 's sino - tibetan , "" uses benedict 1972 as a starting point to compare khasi , a mon - khmer language spoken in assam , with tibeto - burman , and with huffman 's ( 1990 ) mon and kur wordlists . this paper should be read in conjunction with moral 's paper noted above . david bradley , in "" what did they eat ? grain crops of the burmic groups . "" follows up on benedict 1972 and 1975 and takes a closer look at the reconstruction of words for various grain crops within the burmic subgroup of sino - tibetan . bradley draws some conclusions about the implications of this reconstruction for the original homeland of the burmic , tibeto - burman , and sino - tibetan groups . james a . matisoff , in "" dayang pumi phonology and adumbrations of comparative qiangic , "" analyzes pumi 's complex phonology and tones in great detail . he discusses pumi 's place in the qiangic family and notes that much internal reconstruction will be necessary before details of the complex initial - and rhyme-correspondences will be figured out . pumi is a tai language spoken in yunnan , china . helen potopova , in "" semantic characteristics of the tibetan honorific forms , "" focuses on words taking honorific prefixes , the original meanings of which are anatomical terms . in tibetan , the choice to use an honorific form as opposed to a neutral form is determined by social stratification and the situation of the communication act itself . semantic and lexical evidence is presented . george bedell , in "" causatives and clause union in lai ( chin ) , "" examines causative constructions in lai within a generative framework . lai , also called hakha chin , is spoken in chin state , myanmar ( burma ) . ilia peiros , in "" lolo - burmese linguistic archaeology , "" discusses what linguistic data suggest about speakers of proto - lolo - burmese ( plb ) . three main issues are discussed : ( 1 ) localization of plb homeland ; ( 2 ) absolute dating for the disintegration of plb homeland ; and ( 3 ) some features of plb cultural reconstruction . peiros proposes that 3800-3600 years ago a highly developed culture flourished in yunnan , connected more with sub - himalayan cultures than southeast asian . there is an appendix of plb cultural lexicon . k . s . nagaraja 's "" kinship terms in konyak naga "" is a data paper listing kinship terminology collected for konyak naga , a tibeto - burman language of nagaland state in india . jerold a . edmonson and kenneth j . gregerson , in their "" outlying kam - tai : notes on ta mit laha , "" offer recent field notes primarily on the phonology of laha , a kadai language spoken in northern vietnam . there is a brief overview of laha ethnolinguistic history along with comparative comments on the rather large shared vocabulary with the tai branch . they conclude that the laha language of ta mit township will prove useful in future work in deciphering the history of outlier kadai languages . wave form and pitch trajectory of two words are illustrated ; a map showing laha groups in vietnam and china is very useful . luo yongxian , in "" expanding the proto - tai lexicon - - a supplement to li ( 1977 ) , "" examines a sizable number of new cognate sets which substantially expands li 's seminal 1977 work . using lexical classification , the new cognates sets are arranged by semantic field : nature and environment , agricultural terms , etc . implications of lexical classification for subgrouping in tai langauges are discussed and cognates rates are tabulated . qin xiaohang , in "" evolution of the initial consonant clusters pl , kl , ml in the hongshiuhe vernacular of zhuang , "" analyzes the historical evolution of the initial consonant clusters pl , kl , ml in the hongshuihe vernacular , a northern dialect of zhuang , a tai language , spoken in guangxi zhuang autonomous region in china . udom warotamasikkhadit , in "" fronting and backing topicalization in thai , "" observes that , in thai , topicalization can occur at the beginning of , in the middle of , or at the end of a sentence . illustrative sentences are given and it is concluded that topicalization is closely related to emphasis . apiluck tumtavitikul , in "" reflection on the x ' category in thai , "" questions whether or not there is an intermediate level of x ' category in thai . evidence is presented for the existence of x ' in thai , in particular , n ' and v ' , and most probably a ' and p ' as well , if a similar kind of argumentation is applied . there is a concluding discussion of the implications . martha ratliff , in "" hmong - mien demonstratives and pattern persistence , "" examines the persistence of a 3 - way , person-oriented demonstrative system in the hmong - mien ( miao - yao ) family . the hmong daw ( white hmong ) demonstrative ko ' that-near you ' is discussed in detail . ratliff comments on the implications of pattern persistence in relation to southeast asia areal types , relexification , and hmong - mien as austro - tai . christiane cormo , in "" towards a constructivist approach of the japanese ' passive ' , "" recategorizes japanese passive verbs according to the pronominal approach in a constructivist framework . joseph f . kess and tadao miyamoto , in "" psycholinguistic aspects of hanji processing in chinese , "" explore the psycholinguistic dimensions of logographic hanji character processing and linguistic recognition in chinese . they review the current literature on the subject and attempt to synthesize the conflicting explanations offered by two opposing theoretical models of chinese lexical access , word recognition , and the architecture of the chinese mental lexicon . the final paper in the volume , ernest w . lee 's , "" austronesian for ordinary speakers of austronesian languages "" demonstrates the pedagogical technique of introducing the notion of a proto-language and daughter languages to non-linguist austronesian speakers from the solomon islands and vanuatu using roglai ( vietnam ) and maguindanao ( philippines ) cognates . errata for two articles that appeared in mks 26 , and a publications list of the institute of language and culture for rural development at mahidol university complete this issue . soliciting , compiling , and editing articles for inclusion in dedicatory or special issues of journals is difficult in itself ; the editors of mks have done an admirable job on the last three volumes . my only criticism is that in a few papers ( e . g . , ratliff , cormo ) , some works cited are not referenced in the bibliography , making it difficult to follow up on an interesting topic . bibliography benedict , paul k . 1972 sino - tibetan : a conspectus . james a matisoff , contributing ed . cambridge : cambridge university press . benedict , paul k . 1975 austro - thai language and culture . new haven : human relations area files . huffman , franklin e . 1990 burmese mon , thai mon , and nyah kur : a synchronic comparison . mks 16-17 : 31-84 . li , fang - kuei . 1977 a handbook of comparative tai . oceanic linguistics special publications , 15 . honolulu : the university press of hawaii . the author of this review is neil h . olsen , information planner with salt lake city corporation . he earned a m . a . in linguistics from the university of utah in 1994 . olsen has been an adjunct instructor at the english language institute , university of utah . his linguistic interests focus on south bahnaric languages , where he did field work with koho speakers in vietnam ( 1967-68 ) and in north carolina ( 1997 ) . he is currently working on a koho grammar and dictionary .
",0
2086,"Subject: syntaxis : an international journal of syntactic research
 
 the first issue of syntaxis , a journal published by the university of huelva press in spain , has just come out . the articles in volume 1 ( 1998 ) are the following : t . givon : the syntax of literacy lyn frazier : syntactic theory and syntactic processing juan carlos moreno - cabrera : sintaxis formal y sintaxis conceptual : mas alla de la tipologia de las oraciones de relativo jose luis gonzalez - escribano : minimalism , move and the internal subject hypothesis ( ish ) bart defrancq : embedded interrogatives and coordination in french enrique alcaraz : claves sintacticas de la estilistica linguistica william o'grady : principles of phrasal architecture : category assignment in coordinate structures frederick j . newmeyer : the irrelevance of typology for grammatical theory syntaxis publishes articles presenting the results of current research in all areas related to the syntax of human languages . inspired by the original greek term syntaxis from which it takes its name , a major goal of this journal is to bring together different perspectives and approaches to the study of how languages put words together . syntaxis will also accept for publication review articles presenting the achievements and current state of established and emergent syntactic frameworks . information about orders , subscriptions , and contributions for publication can be obtained from http : / / www . philologia . uhu . es , or from : montserrat martinez ( montse @ uhu . es ) editor of syntaxis servicio de publicaciones de la universidad de huelva av . de las fuerzas armadas s / n e - 21007 huelva
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2087,"Subject: toc : history of language 4 . 2
 
 the latest issue of _ history of language _ ( formerly _ dhumbadji ! journal for the history of language _ ) is now available , featuring : h . m . hubey : quantitative approaches to historical linguistics with example application to * pie / ie e . f . k . koerner : on the historiography of the polish contribution to the understanding of language change see http : / / www . lexicon . net / opoudjis / work / ahl . html for more information . - nick nicholas , linguistics & applied linguistics , n . nicholas @ linguistics . unimelb . edu . au university of http : / / www . lexicon . net / opoudjis melbourne , australia
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2088,"Subject: first issue of language and linguistics
 
 we are pleased to announce the publication of the first issue of the new journal language and linguistics . the journal will appear twice a year in morocco . issue 1 , 1998 : studies in comparative linguistics table des matires / contents moha ennaji introduction frederick newmeyer preposition stranding : parametric variation and pragmatics fatima sadiqi the syntactic nature and position of object clitics in berber mohamed khalil ennassiri is arabic a v2 language ? andrzej zaborski personal pronoun systems and their origin in some languages of ethiopia fouad brigui les rapports associatifs saussuriens : paradigmes ou syntagmes ? moubarak hanoune la pause en arabe et categories syntaxiques ( in arabic ) "" languages and linguistics "" is a new world forum for the study of natural languages , with a special focus on the languages in use in africa and the middle east . the journal brings together research from english , french and arabic traditions , publishing significant work on phonology , morphology , syntax , lexis and semantics , sociolinguistics , pragmatics , discourse analysis , applied linguistics , language acquisition , computational linguistics and variation and comparative studies . contributions are in english , arabic and french . for further contact , please write to : professor moha ennaji , editor e-mail : estry @ fesnet . net . ma fax : + 212 46 08 44 university of fes faculte des lettres 1 bp 50 fes morocco for more information about the new journal , please consult : http : / / www . fesnet . net . ma / lang-ling
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2089,"Subject: mental lexicon
 
 call for papers international conference on the mental lexicon september 3 - 5 , 1998 university of alberta edmonton , alberta , canada hosted by : the mcri international mental lexicon research group department of linguistics , university of alberta sponsored by : social sciences and humanities research council of canada , the university of alberta local organizer : gary libben submission deadline : march 16 , 1998 the international conference on the mental lexicon is soliciting abstracts for papers or posters that bear on the question of how morphologically simple and complex words are represented in the mind ( their morphological , phonological , syntactic , and semantic properties ) , how they are linked to one another , and how they are accessed in the processes of language production and comprehension . we welcome submissions of theoretical , psycholinguistic , neurolinguistic , and computational research . * conference location the conference will be held on the campus of the university of alberta . the university is located in the city of edmonton and is one the largest reseach-intensive universities in canada . the canadian rockies and the mountain towns of banff and jasper are a 3 - 4 hour drive from the city . * scientific committee gonia jarema , chair , university of montreal , canada ria de bleser , universitat potsdam , germany bruce derwing , university of alberta , canada eva kehayia , mcgill university , canada gary libben , university of alberta , canada jussi niemi , university of joensuu , finland loraine obler , cuny graduate center , u . s . a . * publication of proceedings selected papers will be published in the conference proceedings . * how to submit abstracts abstracts should be less than 500 words in length ( excluding references ) and may be submitted by mail , e-mail , or fax . submissions must be received by march 16 , 1998 . at the top of the abstract please include your name , affiliation , address , telephone and fax numbers , and e-mail address . please leave several lines between this information and the title and body of the abstract so that the header information can be removed for anonymous abstract review . also indicate at the top of your abstract , your preference for paper or poster presentation ( i . e . , paper only , poster only , paper or poster ) . send your abstract to : gonia jarema centre de recherche institut universitaire de geriatrie de montreal 4565 chemin queen mary montreal , quebec canada h3w 1w5 e-mail : jarema @ ere . umontreal . ca fax : ( 514 ) 340-3548 * for questions or more information on the conference please check our conference website : http : / / www . ualberta . ca / ~ linguis / lexiconf . html or contact gary libben tel : ( 403 ) 492-3434 fax : ( 403 ) 492-0806 e-mail : gary . libben @ ualberta . ca
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2090,"Subject: glot international 3 : 1
 
 glot international , volume 3 ( 1998 ) , issue 1 ( january ) - state - of-the - article - - helen de hoop on partitivity "" [ t ] he main function of partitive elements is to make certain sets or entities accessible for quantification . in the case of ordinary partitives this process involves restricted or contextually bounded sets whereas in the case of other types of partitives ( pseudopartitives , faded partitives , partitive case ) the set or semantic entity that has to be made available for quantification is unrestricted or unbounded . "" - column - - recent issues in linguistics elan dresher : noch einmal comparative germanic : a tale of two journals "" it is based on a premise that would still strike many nonlinguists as incredible : the idea that small differences between languages are not just accidents of history or culture , but are connected by universal principles to other small , seemingly insignificant , differences . "" - dissertations - - the development of functional categories : the acquisition of the subject in french by astrid ferdinand reviewed by claire foley the nature of adjectival inflection by ellen - petra kester reviewed by judy b . bernstein - goodies - - tree - creation by elizabeth ritter reviewing arboreal - conference reports - - escol 1997 by chung - hye han going romance 11 by jan - wouter zwart - announcements - - - the number of death - - a linguistic mystery in eight installments by chris sidney tappan - concordance of intratextual references in chomsky 's chapter four - - compiled by c . j . w . zwart < http : / / www . hag . nl / glot > holland academic graphics [ scientific [ document ] processing ] p . o . box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands http : / / www . hag . nl phone : + 31704480203 fax : + 31704480177
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2091,"Subject: book on labelled deduction
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers labelled deduction ( an edited volume intended for the applied logic series of kluwer academic publishers ) http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - background in september 1998 , the university of freiburg ( germany ) hosted ld ' 98 the first international workshop on labelled deduction . the participants of ld ' 98 reported on research , related to or based on labelled deduction , in many areas of computer science , artificial intelligence , mathematical logic , cognitive science , philosophy , and computational linguistics . more information on ld ' 98 is available at the url of the workshop http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 / ws / motivated by the success of the workshop , the members of the program committee of ld ' 98 will edit a volume collecting original papers on this topic and titled labelled deduction ( an edited volume intended for the applied logic series of kluwer academic publishers ) topics of interest the title reflects the planned contents of this book : we welcome original contributions on all theoretical and practical aspects of labelled deduction , including but not limited to : * logical modeling based on labelled deduction * formal metatheory for , or based on , labelled deduction * hybrid reasoners and combinations of logics based on labelling * automated reasoning , implementation , and system support * annotated logic programming * applications submissions * authors are invited to submit full papers of at most 18 pages ( formatted as described below ) to be received by january 31st , 1999 . notification of acceptance or rejection of the papers will be sent by april 30th , 1999 , and final versions of accepted papers will be due by june 15th , 1999 . * submitted papers must be original and not submitted for publication elsewhere . * the primary means of submission is electronic , in postscript format . papers should be e-mailed to ld98 @ informatik . uni-freiburg . de . if electronic submission is not possible , then 5 hard copies should be sent to the postal address given below . regardless of the submission method , a letter or e-mail message accompanying the paper must contain the title , authors , and contact information ( e-mail and postal addresses ) . * authors are strongly encouraged to use latex2e and the article document class with a4paper and 11pt as options . ( basic dimensions for a4paper - 11pt format are approximately : text height 300mm , text width 210mm , 11pt text with a 13 . 5pt leading ( baseline skip ) . ) * submitted papers must be written in english . reception of submissions will be confirmed by e-mail after we have succeeded in printing the paper . important dates submission deadline : january 31st , 1999 notification of acceptance : april 30th , 1999 deadline for final papers : june 15th , 1999 program committee david basin , institut fur informatik , albert - ludwigs - universitat freiburg , germany marcello d ' agostino , universita di ferrara , italy dov gabbay , king 's college , london , uk sean matthews , max - planck - institut fur informatik , saarbracken , germany luca vigano , institut fur informatik , albert - ludwigs - universitat freiburg , germany addresses * the labelled deduction ( ld ' 98 ) home page ( http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 / ) * email : ld98 @ informatik . uni-freiburg . de * by post : labelled deduction c / o luca vigano institut fur informatik albert - ludwigs - universitat freiburg universitatsgelande flugplatz d-79110 freiburg germany phone : + 49 ( 761 ) 203-8243 fax : + 49 ( 761 ) 203-8242
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2092,"Subject: general linguistics and native american language
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for papers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * kansas working papers in linguistics * * * * * number 1 : general linguistics number 2 : studies in native american languages deadline : january 31 , 1999 the editors of kansas working papers in linguistics will produce two numbers of volume 24 , for 1999 . we welcome submissions of papers on all topics in the field of linguistics and closely-related disciplines for number 1 . papers dealing with native languages of the americas will be selected for number 2 . since we are a working paper , publication in kwpl does not preclude later publication elsewhere of revised versions of papers . submissions should be in good readable form ( double or 1 . 5 spaced ) , not necessarily final copies . student papers are encouraged . please include name , address , email address ( if possible ) when sending correspondence . please send papers or inquiries to this address : editors , kwpl linguistics department 427 blake hall university of kansas lawrence , kansas 66045 e-mail : lgsa @ kuhub . cc . ukans . edu * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * john kyle , editor kwpl jkyle @ ukans . edu
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2093,"Subject: machine translation
 
 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8th international conference on theoretical and methodological issues in machine translation tmi-99 august 23-25 , 1999 chester , uk http : / / www . ccl . umist . ac . uk / events / tmi99 / first announcement and call for papers the eighth conference in the tmi series will take place over august 23-25 , 1999 in the historic city of chester , uk . in addition to general theoretical and methodological issues , tmi-99 will have a major theme : modalities and mt : where can mt be used ? submissions referring to the above theme are encouraged . however , substantial , original , and unpublished research on any other issues relevant to machine translation are also welcome . proposals are also solicited for one day workshops ( see below ) . details on submissions and submission guidelines , along with a latex style file , will be put up on our web site . papers should be in english , not longer than 10 pages ( around 5 , 000 words ) . important dates paper submissions march 12 , 1999 acceptance notification may 14 , 1999 final copies due july 2 , 1999 conference dates tutorials : aug 22 , 1999 papers and panels : aug 23-25 , 1999 workshops : aug 26 , 1999 conference site the conference meetings will be held at chester college , in the city of chester uk . more information about the conference cite can be found at the web site : http : / / www . ccl . umist . ac . uk / events / tmi99 / . tmi-99 is supported by the european association for machine translation ( eamt ) call for workshop proposals proposals are solicited for one-day workshops addressing specific issues of interest in machine translation . if you would like to organize a workshop , send your proposals before november 30 , 1998 to the program chair < bond @ cslab . kecl . ntt . co . jp > . the proposal should include the theme and goal of the workshop , the planned activities , and a list of potential participants . tmi-99 officers : program chair : francis bond , ntt cs labs , kyoto local chairs : arturo trujillo and harold somers , umist , manchester general chair : sergei nirenburg , nmsu , las cruces nm program committee : laurie gerber ( systran , usa ) emmanuel planas ( geta , france ) melanie siegel ( dfki , germany ) stephen beale ( crl , usa ) kevin knight ( isi , usa ) kentaro ogura ( ntt , japan ) masahiko haruno ( atr , japan ) hiromi nakaiwa ( ntt , japan ) key - sun choi ( kaist , korea ) terumasa ehara ( nhk japan ) kristiina jokinen ( atr , japan ) graham wilcock ( umist , uk ) please address any further enquiries to the program chair : francis bond < bond @ cslab . kecl . ntt . co . jp > machine translation research group ntt communication science laboratories 2 - 4 hikari - dai , seika - cho , soraku - gun , kyoto , japan , 619-0237 tel : 0774-93 - 5313 ( + 81 ) fax : 0774-93 - 5345 ( + 81 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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2094,"Subject: spanish association of applied linguistics
 
 17th aesla conference university of alcala , madrid , spain 15-17 april , 1999 call for papers 1 - the university of alcala will host the 17th aesla ( spanish association of applied linguistics ) conference . the conference topic is "" 1999 : applied linguistics at the end of the century "" . it will consist of nine theme sections , which are listed below . there is an organizer for each section . 2 - deadlines . hard copies of communication proposals should be submitted before 15 december , 1998 . authors are expected to provide three copies of the full text of their contributions . the author 's name , address , phone number , fax number , e-mail , and professional information should appear only in one of the copies . please omit all this information from the other two copies . the full text , including bibliographical references , notes , figures , and appendixes , should not exceed 2 . 500 words . authors should ascribe their contributions to a theme section and submit them to the corresponding section organizer . submissions will be refereed . all submittors will be notified of the committee 's decision before the end of february 1999 . a style sheet for publication in book format will then be provided to all participants . submitters should be members of aesla . to become a member , contact the following address : secretaria de aesla universitat jaume i department de filologia anglesa i romanica campus de la carretera de borriol apartat de correus 224 12080 castellon , spain . e - mail : aesla @ fil . uji . es 3 - conference events 3 . 1 . the conference will feature at least four plenary lectures : - susan basnett ( univ . warwick ) - robert ilson ( univ . london ) - jeremy smith ( univ . glasgow ) - jane willis ( univ . birmingham ) 3 . 2 . the conference shall host several workshops and round tables , which will be simultaneous with other conference events . 3 . 3 . communications . presentation of communications will be restricted to twenty minutes plus ten minutes ' discussion . 3 . 4 . posters . abstracts of approximately 150 words should be submitted to the corresponding theme section organizer . as in the case of communications , authors should include their personal and professional data ( author 's name , address , phone number , fax number , and e-mail . ) . 4 - registration the registration form will be provided , together with hotel and excursion reservation information , in october . registration before march , 15th , 1999 members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 . 000 pts . non - members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 . 000 pts . students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 . 000 pts . registration after march , 15th , 1999 : members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 . 000 pts . non - memers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 . 000 ptas students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 . 000 pts . 5 - theme section organizers ( plus submittal address ) : language acquisition & learning rosa maria manchon ruiz universidad de murcia departamento de filologia inglesa plaza de la universidad 30071 - murcia tel : ( 34 ) - 968-363187 fax : ( 34 ) - 968 - 363185 / 363417 e - mail : manchon @ fcu . um . es syllabus design & language teaching aquilino sanchez perez universidad de murcia departamento de filologia inglesa plaza de la universidad 30071 - murcia tel : ( 34 ) - 968 - 363191 fax : ( 34 ) - 968 - 363185 e - mail : asanchez @ fcu . um . es language for specific purposes guadalupe aguado de cea universidad politecnica de madrid facultad de informatica campus de montegancedo boadilla del monte 28660 - madrid tel : ( 34 ) - 91 - 715 84 11 fax : ( 34 ) - 91 - 336 74 12 e - mail : lupe @ fi . upm . es language psychology , child language and psycholinguistics mercedes belinchon carmona universidad autonoma de madrid departamento de psicologia basica facultad de psicologia 28049 - madrid tel : 34 - 91-3975201 fax : 34 - 91-3975215 e - mail : mercedes . belinchon @ uam . es sociolinguistics isabel molina martos universidad de alcala departamento de filologia edificio de san jose de caracciolos c / trinidad 5 28801 - alcala de henares , madrid . tel : 34-91 - 8854430 fax : 34-91 - 8854413 e - mail : fimm @ filo . alcala . es pragmatics , discourse analysis & communication juana marin arrese uned departamento de filologias extranjeras facultad de filologia c / senda del rey s / n 28040 madrid tel . 34-91 - 3986842 fax : : 34-91 - 3986830 e - mail : jmarin @ sr . uned . es corpus linguistics & computational linguistics maria antonia martin antonin universidad de barcelona departamento de filologia romanica seccion de linguistica general gran via 585 08007 - barcelona tel . : 34-93 - 4035671 fax : 34-93 - 3189822 e - mail : amarti @ lingua . fil . ub . es lexicology & lexicography jesus m . sanchez garcia universidad de cordoba departamento de filologia francesa e inglesa facultad de filosofia y letras plaza del cardenal salazar , 3 14071 - cordoba tel : 34 - - 957 - 218135 fax : 34 - - 957 - 218789 e - mail : ff1sagaj @ lucano . uco . es interpreting & translation pamela faber universidad de granada departamento de traduccion e interpretacion facultad de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas 55 18002 - granada tel : 34-958 - 246261 fax . : 34-958 - 244104 e - mail : pfaber @ redestb . es 6 - for any enquiries concerning the conference , contact : xvii congreso de aesla facultad de filosofia y letras departamento de filologia moderna san jose de caracciolos c / trinidad , 5 28801 alcala de henares ( madrid ) tel . : 91 - 885 5347 fax : 91 - 885 4445 e-mail : congreso . aesla @ alcala . es 7 - information about alcala alcala is located 30 kms . away from madrid . it is cervantes 's birth place . the university was founded in 1499 by cardinal cisneros , so 1999 will be the 500th anniversary of the foundation of our university . the university of alcala interest in language studies has given rise to the organization of several international conferences on literature , language and linguistics . for more information on the area and on the university of alcala visit the following webpage : http : / / www . alcala . es
",0
2095,"Subject: semiotic circle of california
 
 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
",0
2096,"Subject: cultural identities
 
 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = call for papers "" rethinking identities : state , nation , culture "" asn 4th annual convention international affairs building , columbia university , ny sponsored by the harriman institute 15-17 april 1999 the annual convention of the association for the study of nationalities ( asn ) has become the premier event for the burgeoning community of scholars , journalists , and policy-makers interested in issues of national identity , ethnic conflict and state-building in the post - communist world . the convention has grown remarkably since its inception in 1996 , boasting over 450 participants and 60 panels in 1998 . it also acquired a genuine international stature , with one-third of last year 's paper-givers arriving from overseas , particularly from western and eastern europe . the central theme of the 1999 convention will revolve around questions of identities in east - central europe and the post - soviet union . special considerations will be given to inter-disciplinary panel proposals . convention panels cover the most burning issues in the field . examples from 1998 include the caspian sea and oil politics , the wars in the caucasus , kosovo , security in east - central europe , ukrainian nation - building , the osce , ethnic violence , citizenship in the baltics , the hungarian and russian - speaking diasporas , and many more . videos / films . the convention intends to show short videos ( 10-15 minutes ) , integrated into regular panels , as well as medium - and full-length videos or films , as special events . we welcome suggestions and proposals for videos and films focussing on east - central europe or the former soviet union . all correspondence should be sent to the program chair , dominique arel ( address below ) . location . as has been the case since the beginning , the convention will be hosted by the harriman institute at columbia university , in the international affairs building , 420 w . 118th st . , new york . schedule . the convention will begin on thursday , april 15th , at 1 pm , and ends saturday , april 17th in early evening . contrary to previous years , there will be no panels on sunday , and the dates do not coincide with the jewish and orthodox religious holidays , which take place earlier in the month . panel / roundtable / roundtable proposals . there is no particular application form to fill out . the vast majority of proposals were e-mailed to the program chair last year , but proposals sent by fax or regular mail are also accepted . for instructions on the proposals , see the "" application information "" below . all proposals must be sent to the program chair , dominique arel ( address below ) . registration . registration fees are $ 25 for asn members , $ 40 for non - members ( $ 20 for east european non - members ) and $ 10 for students . registration will be waived for students if they become first-time asn members ( at the student rate of $ 25 ) . all panel participants have to register by march 18th , 1998 . membership subscription to asn . a yearly membership to asn is $ 45 , and $ 25 for students . members receive the quarterly nationalities papers , analysis of current events ( ace ) , the bi-annual asnews , and a registration discount at the asn annual convention . beginning in 1999 , asn members will also have the option of subscribing to europe - asia studies at the cut-rate of $ 52 yearly . membership forms are available at the asn head office , c / o oded eran ( see address below ) . funding . participants are responsible for seeking their own funds to cover all travel and accommodation costs . asn is unable to assist participants financially , including applicants from eastern europe . accommodation . asn has a list of several recommended hotels , some in the $ 55 - $ 75 price range , others in the $ 100-120 area . for further information , please contact the convention coordinator oded eran ( address below ) . advertisements / exhibitors . several dozen companies had exhibits and / or advertised in the convention program in 1998 . due to considerations of space , advertisers and exhibitors are encouraged to place their order early . for information , please contact the convention coordinator oded eran ( address below ) . web site . our web site will soon provide continuously updated information on the asn convention : < http : / / library . pace . edu / asn . we look forward to seeing you at the convention ! dominique arel , program chair oded eran , convention coordinator application information asn is accepting proposals for panels , roundtables , or individual papers . there is no particular form to fill out . proposals can be emailed ( preferably ) , faxed or mailed to the program chair ( address below ) . proposals for panels with presentations based on papers must include : * a chair , no more than three paper-givers and a discussant * the title of the panel and of the three papers * the affiliation , postal address , telephone , fax , and email ( very important ) of all participants * a one-paragraph cv of the participants proposals for roundtables must include : * a chair and no more than four presentors * the title of the roundtable * the affiliation , postal address , telephone , fax , and email ( very important ) of all participants * a one-paragraph cv of the participants proposals for individual papers must include : * the title and a one - or two-paragraph abstract of the paper * the affiliation , postal address , telephone , fax , and email ( very important ) of the applicant * a one-paragraph cv of the applicant if audio-visual equipment is required , please indicate so . as before , applicants must abide by three golden rules : * no participant may be listed more than once on a given panel or roundtable * no participant may present more than one paper at the convention * no participant may appear more than twice in the convention program the proposals must be sent to dominique arel ( address below ) . email applications are accepted . deadline for proposals : 10 december 1998 dominique arel asn convention program chair watson institute brown university , box 1970 two stimson ave . providence , ri 02912 401 863 9296 tel 401 863 1270 fax darel @ brown . edu oded eran asn convention coordinator harriman institute columbia u . 1215 iab , columbia university 410 w . 118th st . new york , ny 10027 212 854 6239 tel 212 666 3481 fax asn @ columbia . edu = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
",0
2097,"Subject: varieties of english
 
 second international conference on major varieties of english maven ii lincoln university campus , england september 9-11 , 1999 conference theme : the english language today : functions and representations plenary speakers : nicholas coupland ( university of wales , cardiff ) eric fudge ( university of reading ) salikoko mufwene ( university of chicago ) robert phillipson ( university of roskield ) the main aim of the conference is to profile the changing global presenceof english and the resulting effects on developments and changes in the language today . paper proposals are invited on all aspects of the use of major varieties of english today , in particular on the following themes : formal and functional developments and changes in english mediated uses of english international profile of english english and corporate culture english language in literature english and world communication competing target varieties fo learners text and corpus analysis etc . submission of paper proposals abstracts of paper proposals should be no more than 250 words in length , and should be double spaced . please submit three copies , one with name , affiliation and personal details ( address for correspondence , phone / fax numbers , e . mail address ) . please mention at the bottom what area or theme you believe your abstract covers ( e . g . pragmatics , media language , dialectology , political sociology etc . ) send abstracts to reach no later than dec . 30th 1998 to : p . b . nayar faculty of arts and technology lincoln university campus brayford pool lincoln , ls6 7ts united kingdom abstracts may also be submitted as an attachment to e . mail ( one copy with all information required ) to : pnayar @ ulh . ac . uk or atate @ humber . ac . uk or ljohnson @ lincoln . ac . uk papers should be targeted for a half-hour slot , of which at least 10 minutes will be reserved for post-presentation discussion . so the available time for actual paper presentation will be 20 minutes . notification of acceptance will be made by march 15 , 1998 lincoln university has an attractive , modern campus with excellent facilities , on a scenic location in the historic cathedral city of lincoln . lincoln is well connected by rail and road from london ( 120 miles ) manchester ( 90 miles ) and nottingham ( 40 miles ) . accommodation the registration package includes two nights in very modern , comfortable on-campus rooms with ensuite bath and self-catering facilities at very moderate prices . an additional night will cost 15 . there are also several hotels in the city within walking distance from the campus . the cost ranges from 50 to 80 per night . registration full conference package : registration + on campus accommodation for two nights + two breakfasts 150 registration only : 120 daily registration : 45 conference dinner on 10 / 9 / 99 25 ( optional ) all rates include lunch ( es ) and refreshments on the days of attendance . there will be a late surcharge on registrations received after june 1 , 1999 all presenters will receive detailed information package . for enquries and additional information , contact : the conference secretary - maven ii faculty of arts and technology lincoln university campus brayford pool lincoln , ln6 7ts u . k . tel : + 44 1522 886251 fax : + 44 1522 886021 e . mail : pnayar @ ulh . ac . uk atate @ humber . ac . uk ljohnson @ lincoln . ac . uk information and updates also available on our website at www . ulh . ac . uk / communications
",0
2098,"Subject: multilingual ocr ( optical character recognition )
 
 * * * first call for participation * * * international workshop on performance evaluation issues in multilingual ocr ( optical character recognition ) sunday , september 19 , 1999 , bangalore , india ( just before icdar ' 99 - - int ' l conf . on document analysis and recognition ) workshop chairs tapas kanungo university of maryland , college park , md usa henry s . baird xerox parc , palo alto , ca usa organizing committee badr al-badr king abdulaziz city , saudi arabia torsten caesar siemens electrocom , germany bhabatosh chanda isi calcutta , india doug cooper southeast asian software research center , thailand andreas dengel dfki , germany steve dennis u . s . government , usa xiaoqing ding tsinghua university , p . r . china david doermann university of maryland , usa michel gilloux service de recherche technique de la poste , france robert m . haralick university of washington , usa tin kam ho bell laboratories , lucent technologies , usa donna harman national institute for standards & technology , usa jonathan hull ricoh crc , usa fumitaka kimura mie university , japan hsi - jian lee national chiao tung university , r . o . china seong - whan lee korea university , korea tomohiko morioka japan advanced institute for science & tech . , japan s . p . mudur national center for software technology , india yasuaki nakano shinshu university , japan kris popat xerox parc , usa philip resnik university of maryland , usa a . lawrence spitz document recognition technologies , usa rohini srihari cedar , suny buffalo , usa ching y . suen concordia university , montreal , canada yuan yan tang hong kong baptist university , china vadim tereschenko abbyy software house , russia jun tsukumo nec , kanagawa , japan toru wakahara ntt human interface laboratories , japan technical focus this workshop will explore evaluation methodologies for multilingual ocr systems . by ` multilingual ' we mean to include systems that are capable of reading more than one language in the same document , as well as one-language - per-document systems that can be easily retargeted to new languages . we hope to bring together researchers from many countries to discuss these and related questions : - - what methodologies should be used to evaluate multilingual ocr systems ? how do we compare accuracies across languages ? - - what ground-truthed data sets are now available in various languages ? what kind of datasets need to be collected ? how is this to be achieved ? which organizations might be willing to support such an the effort ? - - what multilingual ocr evaluation tools and error visualization tools are available or should be developed ? - - what ocr evaluation methods and metrics will be useful for ocr - based machine translation and cross-language information retrieval ? - - what are the most pressing open research problems , promising dissertation topics , etc ? workshop format this will be a one-day workshop for a maximum of 70 participants . each participant will submit an extended abstract which will be distributed at the workshop . all participants are expected to contribute to the discussions . at the outset of the workshop , three volunteers will present brief , informal summaries of the i ) methodologies , ii ) corpora , and iii ) tools mentioned in the submitted abstracts . then we will split up into three working groups , focused on these topics , and proceed to discuss key issues , attempt to resolve questions , compile lists of resources , and draw up recommendations . finally , in a plenary session , representatives of each group will present their recommendations and invite general discussion . there will be several opportunities for informal discussion and socializing . after the workshop , the organizing committee will compile a workshop summary , based on the working group notes , and make it available on the web . it is hoped that the workshop will stimulate cooperative follow-on activities that will accelerate the pace of research in multilingual document image analysis . extended abstract submission each potential participant or group of participants should submit an extended abstract , electronically via e - mail ( in plain ascii ) , no later than march 30 , 1999 to : tapas kanungo center for automation research university of maryland college park , md 20742 e - mail : mlocr @ cfar . umd . edu the abstract should include the name , address , telephone , fax , and email address of the author ( s ) . it should ordinarily be limited to six printed pages including references ( no figures , please ) . longer submissions may be admitted in special cases , e . g . for catalogues of resources . accepted abstracts will be distributed at the workshop and posted on the workshop website . workshop website http : / / www . cfar . umd . edu / ~ kanungo / workshop / mlocr . html
",0
2099,"Subject: eacl ' 99 student cfp
 
 we are pleased to announce the first call for student papers for eacl ' 99 ( bergen , norway 8 - - 12 june 1999 ) . the call ( text version below ) can be found at http : / / www . ims . uni-stuttgart . de / eacl99 - student / the conference home page is at http : / / www . hit . uib . no / eacl99 / the student session programme committee jonas kuhn , student chair atro voutilainen , faculty co-chair - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * eacl ' 99 call for student papers * * * student sessions at the 9th conference of the european chapter of the association for computational linguistics eacl ' 99 june 8 - 12 , 1999 university of bergen bergen , norway http : / / www . ims . uni-stuttgart . de / eacl99 - student / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - purpose : the goal of these sessions is to provide a forum for student members to present work in progress and receive feedback from other members of the computational linguistics community . the sessions will consist of paper presentations by student authors . the accepted papers will be published in a special section of the conference proceedings . note that the existence of the student sessions does not influence the treatment of student-authored papers submitted to the main conference . rather , the aim of the student sessions is to provide a separate track emphasizing students ' work in progress rather than completed work . requirements : papers should describe original , unpublished work in progress that demonstrates insight , creativity , and promise . topics of interest are the same as for the main conference . papers submitted to the main conference cannot be considered for the student sessions . students may , of course , submit different papers to the main conference and the student session , or papers on different aspects of a particular problem or project . note that for papers presenting joint work , all co-authors have to be students . format for submission : the maximum allowable length is 3 pages ( about 1800 words ) , including references . papers should be headed by a title page containing the paper id code ( see below ) , title , a short ( 5 line ) summary , up to three general keywords specifying the subject area ( e . g . , "" french syntax , machine translation "" ) , the word count ( excluding figures and bibliography ) and a notice of multiple submission , if required . since reviewing will be ` blind ' , the title page of the paper should omit author names and addresses . furthermore , self-references that reveal the authors ' identity ( e . g . , "" we previously showed ( smith , 1991 ) . . . "" ) should be avoided . instead , use references of the form "" smith previously showed ( 1991 ) . . . "" care should be taken to avoid obvious giveaways in the bibliography such as listings for unpublished in-house technical reports . papers outside the specified length and / or without an id code are liable to rejection without review . to identify each paper , an id code must be acquired by filing an electronic paper registration form : http : / / www . ltg . ed . ac . uk / eacl99 / register . html on successful completion of this form an id code will be sent to the designated author by e-mail . media of submission : authors may submit their papers electronically or in hard copy . electronic submission is strongly preferred . electronic submissions should be either self-contained latex source , postscript or pdf ( we encourage latex submissions ) . postscript submissions must use a standard font . latex submissions should not refer to any other external files or styles except for the standard styles for tex 3 . 14 and latex 2 . 09 . the bibliography for a latex submission cannot be submitted as separate . bib file ; the actual bibliography entries must be inserted in the submitted latex source file . we strongly recommend the use of acl - standard latex : http : / / www . ltg . ed . ac . uk / eacl99 / style / eaclsub . sty ( plus bibstyle acl . bst ) or word style files ( msword _ template . rtf ) for the preparation of submissions . these styles include a place for the required information such as id code and word count , and allow for a graceful transition to the style required for publication . if you cannot use the acl - standard styles directly , a description of the required format is at http : / / www . ltg . ed . ac . uk / eacl99 / style / substyle . html . if you cannot access this web page , send email to eacl99 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk with subject substyle for an automatic reply . electronic submissions should be sent to eacl99 - student @ ims . uni-stuttgart . de hard copy submissions should consist of four ( 4 ) paper copies of each paper ( printed on both sides of the page if possible ) should be submitted to the following address : eacl ' 99 student session c / o jonas kuhn ims , univ . stuttgart azenbergstr . 12 70174 stuttgart germany enquiries to the student session committee by email at eacl99 - student @ ims . uni-stuttgart . de . schedule : submissions must be received by 18 january 1999 . late submissions ( those arriving on or after 19 january 1999 ) will not be considered . acknowledgements will be emailed soon after receipt . notification of acceptance will be sent to authors ( by email ) by 10 march 1999 . camera - ready copies of final papers prepared in a double-column format , preferably using a laser printer , must be received at the main programme committee in edinburgh by 19 april 1999 , along with a signed copyright release statement . detailed formatting guidelines will be provided to authors with their acceptance notice . the student paper sessions will take place during the main conference on 9-11 june 1999 . venue and local organisation : the conference will be held in bergen , norway from 8 through 12 june , 1999 . see the conference home page http : / / www . hit . uib . no / eacl99 / for local arrangements information . the local arrangements committee is chaired by koenraad de smedt . the local arrangements committee can be reached at : humanities information technologies university of bergen alligaten 27 5007 bergen norway phone : + 47 5558-8008 fax : + 47 5558-9470 email : eacl99 @ uib . no student session committee : the student session committee is co-chaired by atro voutilainen ( university of helsinki ) and jonas kuhn ( university of stuttgart ) . atro voutilainen jonas kuhn department of general linguistics ims , univ . stuttgart p . o . box 4 azenbergstr . 12 fin-00014 university of helsinki 70174 stuttgart finland germany phone : + 358 9 191 23 507 ( office ) phone : + 49-711 - 121-1354 fax : + 358 9 191 23 598 fax : + 49-711 - 121-1366 email : atro . voutilainen @ helsinki . fi jonas @ ims . uni-stuttgart . de timetable : 1999 18 jan submitted student papers due in stuttgart 10 mar decisions on programme sent to authors 19 apr final versions of papers due in edinburgh 9-11 jun student sessions at conference in bergen
",0
2100,"Subject: conceptual structures
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - first call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - seventh international conference on conceptual structures iccs ' 99 http : / / www . ee . vt . edu / ~ iccs99 / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - july 12-15 , 1999 virginia tech blacksburg , virginia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - theme : knowledge science and engineering with conceptual structures since 1993 , iccs has been the annual conference and principal forum for theorists and practitioners in conceptual structures . we invite all researchers and users of conceptual structures , knowledge representations , ontologists , formal logics and related disciplines to participate in iccs ' 99 . previous conferences on conceptual structures have spanned theory , application and the demonstration of software tools . iccs ' 99 looks to extend this foundation with knowledge engineering using conceptual structures . conceptual structures , based in the conceptual graphs introduced by john sowa , are rooted in semantic networks and the existential graphs of c . s . peirce . conceptual structures have been widely used in several domains , such as natural language processing , knowledge based systems , knowledge engineering and database design , among others . researchers have developed a sizable software base and continue to build upon it . our particular desire for iccs ' 99 is to encourage presentation of software tools and interesting applications of conceptual structures . the iccs proceedings are published in the springer verlag lecture notes in artificial intelligence series . references of previous iccs are # 699 ( quebec city , 1993 ) , # 835 ( washington d . c . , 1994 ) , # 954 ( santa cruz , 1995 ) , # 1115 ( sydney , 1996 ) , # 1257 ( seattle , 1997 ) , and # ( montpelier , 1998 ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - important dates presentation page submission deadline december 23 , 1998 paper submission deadline january 1st , 1999 paper notification of acceptance march 10 , 1999 camera ready papers due april 10 , 1999 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - topics of interest papers are invited on all topics concerning conceptual graphs and other graphical knowledge representation languages , including , but not limited to : case studies and applications software tools and systems theory of conceptual structures conceptual structures and formal logic epistemology and history of conceptual structures knowledge representation relationships with other knowledge representation formalisms algorithms and complexity reasoning and learning with conceptual structures storage and retrieval of conceptual structures natural language processing knowledge acquisition knowledge engineering and modeling ontologies and formal concept analysis cognitive psychology using conceptual structures - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - submission guidelines three categories of papers are defined : 1 ) theory and analysis , 2 ) applications ( use of conceptual structures in significant applications ) and 3 ) tools ( tools for conceptual structures ) . in each category , three types of papers are considered : a ) major reports ( long papers ) - - substantial papers with new results , b ) research notes ( short papers ) - - work-in - progress or very specific results , and c ) position papers ( letters ) . major reports in application and tool categories should be based on running implementations . demonstrations of running implementations during the conference will be encouraged . research notes may be based on partial implementations or designs . position papers allows individuals to report on current activities and conjectures within the area defined by the call for papers without the need for presenting results . all submitted papers must be in english . major reports are limited to 14 standard size pages in length , single spaced , including title , author names and affiliations , abstract , figures and references . research notes are limited to 7 pages with the same constraints . position papers are limited to 1 page . authors have to specify the category ( s ) and the type of their submitted paper . according to the referee reports , changes of category or type may be required . all accepted papers are published in the same proceedings . registration of one of the authors will be required with the final version of an accepted paper . submitted papers must be received on or before january 1st , 1999 . a separate presentation page is requested earlier ( december 23 , 1998 ) . the presentation page should contain the following information : the title , category ( theory and analysis , applications , or tools ) and type ( major report or research notes or position paper ) of the paper , the names , affiliation and e-mail addresses of all authors , the postal address of one author chosen as the corresponding author , one or two keywords chosen in the topics of interest list , possibly additional phrases describing the content if the available keywords do not fit well , and an abstract . a form for the presentation page will be provided on iccs ' 99 web site in due time . authors may also send the presentation page in plain text format through electronic mail , to iccs99 @ monmouth . edu . papers are submitted electronically , using postscript format . please make sure that your paper is entirely printable from the postscript file . if you encounter any problem , please contact the program chair ( btepfenh @ moncol . monmouth . edu ) . special sessions in addition to the main conference , there will be a special session on the sisyphus / conceptual graphs initiative i . papers are to be submitted separately . questions concerning this special track are to be referred to prof . guy mineau at mineau @ ift . ulaval . ca or dr . dickson luckose at lukose @ brightware . com . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - organizing committee general chair walling cyre virginia tech , blacksburg , virginia , usa cyre @ vt . edu program chair william m . tepfenhart at&t laboratories , new jersey , usa monmouth university , new jersey , usa btepfenh @ moncol . monmouth . edu ( 732 ) 571-3480 honorary chair john f . sowa suny at binghamton , usa sowa @ west . poly . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
2101,"Subject: "" signs , music , society "" ( vienna , 1999 / 03 / 12-14 )
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - c a l l f o r p a p e r s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "" signs , music , society - a transdisciplinary colloquium "" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - march 12-14 , 1999 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - organized by the institute for socio - semiotic studies isss , vienna in co-operation with mediacult , vienna - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > keywords / fields involved semiotics of music , musical signification , music / communication , music in / and society ; semiotics , musicology , literary studies , media studies , theatre studies , cultural studies . . . - > invitation - abstracts : please send your suggestions until december 15 , 1998 , in the form of an abstract of 10 to max . 15 lines , indicating author 's name , title of the lecture , all relevant addresses ( office , home ) and technical coordinates ( fax , phone , e-mail , etc . ) . the lectures should not exceed 30 minutes + 15 minutes discussion . please direct your letter , fax or e-mail message to the isss . we will reply within 14 days . congress languages : english , german . - > institut fur sozio - semiotische studien isss jeff bernard waltergasse 5 / 1 / 12 , 1040 wien phone + fax : + 43 - 1-5045344 e-mail : < gloria . withalm @ uni-ak . ac . at > - > introductory remarks : the * colloquium * - announcing by this term that intensive discussion should be a major feature of the meeting - intends to convene scholars from semiotics , in general , and musical semiotics , in particular , and from many disciplines ( such as musicology , sociology , psychology , ethnology , philosophy , communication studies , media studies , cultural studies literary studies , comparative studies , and other related fields ) . our goal is to investigate theoretical and especially practical problems of musical signification in all types of music . the platform to enable inter - and transdisciplinary exchange and discussion shall be provided by semiotics , i . e . the theory of signs , while the aim to describe and to examine the social relevance of musical production , distribution , and consumption , as indicated by the formula "" signs , music , society "" , asks for focussing on fields like pragmatics , socio-semiotics , musical communication , context dependence , and the like . by this , it shall also be tried to transcend the somewhat isolated position of musicology , musical aesthetics , and musical theory within the humanities , i . e . , by showing that even the problems of the study of musical structures , musical forms and technical systems , musical signification and musical aesthetics are indispensably linked with socio-practical features and conditions : the meaning of music cannot be fully examined and understood without taking account of its syntacto-semantic as well as pragmatic dimensions . in such view , one cannot neglect either , that musical meaning is very often unfolded in composite signs systems ( word and music , dance , film , musical theatre , and other forms of art , as well as feasts , liturgies , rituals , etc . ) , and in different media ( discs , tapes , broadcasts , av - media , and now even "" new "" electronic media ) . the latter point stresses the problem of musical reproduction detached from its original performance in space and time , and how this influences , or changes , musical meaning . it stresses , moreover , the problems of disposal and ( cultural as well as economical ) hegemony . when the "" sociality "" of music and musical signification becomes of central interest , there also appears the question of their "" historicity "" , not so much in terms of traditional history of music , but as an indicator of ( particularly present-time ) cultural , social , sociological , medial , technological , etc . change , or , in other words : the diachronic viewpoint - hitherto not a main focus of musical semiotics - is as important , and in many respects even more important , for the study of musical meaning as the synchronic one . the examination of "" codes "" needs to be complemented by a thorough investigation of code changes including all presuppositions and consequences . in this framework , we want to invite scholars from all over the world to join us for discussing questions of musical semiosis , texts , representation , functions , impact , communication , experience and related topics from the viewpoint of their "" sociality "" as well as "" historicity "" . has there ever been a "" day the music died "" , as a famous lyric once claimed ? - > special information : one section with the particular topic "" what is ' austrian ' music ? "" will be organized by our partner , mediacult - international research institute for media , communication , and cultural development . - > publication : the results of the colloquium will be published either as a special issue of one of our journals ( _ s - european journal for semiotic studies _ or _ semiotische berichte _ ) or ( depending on the final size ) as a book in our series "" s - addenda . semiotic studies "" . expecting to welcome you heartily in vienna jeff bernard ( director isss ; secr . gen . iass ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - jeff bernard ( iass-ais secretary general ) institute for socio - semiotic studies isss waltergasse 5 / 1 / 12 , a-1040 vienna , austria phone + fax + 43 - 1-5045344 e - mail : gloria . withalm @ uni-ak . ac . at 7th iass-ais congress 1999 / 10 / 6-11 technical university dresden "" http : / / www . tu-dresden . de / sulifg / semiotics "" = call for papers iass-ais homepage http : / / vhf . msh-paris . fr / escom / ais / aisindex . html - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
2102,"Subject: pkdd ' 98
 
 pkdd ' 98 - - 2nd european symposium on principles of data mining and knowledge discovery nantes , france september 23-26 , 1998 http : / / www . sciences . univ-nantes . fr / pkdd98 data mining and knowledge discovery in databases ( kdd ) have emerged from acombination of many research areas : databases , statistics , machinelearning , automated scientific discovery , inductive logic programming , artificial intelligence , visualization , decision science , and high performance computing . while each of these areas can contribute in specific ways , kdd focuses on the value that is added by creative combination of the contributing areas . the goal of pkdd ' 98 is to provide a european - based forum for interaction among all theoreticians and practitioners interested in data mining . interdisciplinary collaboration is one desired outcome , but the main long-term focus is on theoretical principles for the emerging discipline of kdd , especially on kdd - specific principles that go beyond each contributing area . both theoretical and applied submissions are sought . reviewers will assess the contribution towards the principles of kdd , in addition to the usual requirements of relevance , novelty , clarity and significance . applied papers should go beyond an individual application , presenting an explicit method that promises a degree of generality within one or more stages of the discovery process , such as preprocessing , mining , visualization , use of prior knowledge , knowledge refinement , and evaluation . theoretical papers should demonstrate how the proposed theoretical contribution advances the discovery process . the following non-exclusive list exemplifies topics of interest : data and knowledge representation for data mining * beyond relational databases : new forms of data organization * data reduction * prior domain knowledge and use of discovered knowledge * combining query systems with discovery capabilities statistics and probability in data mining * discovery of probabilistic networks * modelling knowledge uncertainty * discovery of exceptions and deviations * statistical significance in large-scale search * the problems of over-fit logic - based perspective on data mining * inference of knowledge from data * exploring different subspaces of first order logic * rough sets in data mining * boolean approaches to data mining * inductive logic programming for mining real databases * pattern - recognition for data mining * the use of tolerance ( similarity ) relations in data mining * kdd - motivated discretization of data * discovery of approximate schemes of reasoning from data man - machine interaction in data mining * visualization of data * visualization of knowledge * interface design * interactive data mining : human and computer contributions artificial intelligence contributions to kdd * representing knowledge and hypotheses spaces * search for knowledge and its complexities * combining many methods in one system * data mining in distributed / multiagent systems high performance computing for data mining * hardware support for kdd * parallel discovery algorithms and complexity * distributed data mining * scalability in high dimensional datasets * from concept learning to concept discovery * expanding the autonomy of machine learners * embedding learning methods in kdd systems * conceptual clustering in knowledge discovery * applications of scientific discovery systems to databases * scientific hypothesis evaluation that transfers to kdd * hypothesis spaces of scientific discovery applied in kdd * differences between the data handled in both fields * kdd applications on scientific databases * decomposition of large data tables quality assessment of data mining results * multi - criteria knowledge evaluation * benchmarks and metrics for system evaluation * statistical tests in kdd applications * usefulness and risk assessment in decision-making applications of data mining and knowledge discovery * medicine : diagnosis and prognosis * control theory : predictive and adaptive control , model identification * engineering : diagnosis of mechanisms and processes * public administration * marketing and finance * data mining on the web in text and heterogeneous data * natural and social science * prediction and intervention use of knowledge * fraud detection interaction between symbolic kdd methods and neural nets * interpretation of knowledge accumulated in a trained nn * hybrid nn / symbolic kdd systems * nn architectures for higher transparency and interpretability submitted papers should be in english and not exceed 10 single-spaced pages of 12pt font ( excluding title page but including tables , figures and bibliography ) . submissions exceeding this limit will not be reviewed . a separate title page should begin with title , authors , affiliations , surface and e-mail addresses , and an abstract of about 200 words . submitted papers should preferably be formatted according to the lnai guidelines . latex and word style files are available at http : / / www . sciences . univ-nantes . fr / pkdd98 / styles . the following items must be submitted by may 15th , 1998 : an electronic version of the paper ( uuencoded and compressed postscript ) , and an electronic version of the titlepage in plain ascii format . four hard copies of the paper by regular mail are also accepted if electronic submission is not possible . all items should be sent to the following addresses : * regular mail : mohamed quafafou - pkdd ' 98 conference ( see full address below ) * electronic mail : pkdd98 @ irin . univ-nantes . fr all accepted for regular and poster presentations will be published by springer verlag as part of the ` ` lecture notes in artificial intelligence ' ' ( lnai ) series . important dates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - submission deadline : may 15th , 1998 notice of acceptance : june 15th , 1998 camera ready papers : july 5th , 1998 panel discussions : proposals are sought for panels that stimulate interaction between the communities contributing to kdd . include title , the main goals , prospective participants and a summary of the topics to be discussed . submission to zytkow @ uncc . edu by may 15th , 1998 . notification of acceptance by june 15th , 1998 . tutorials : proposals are solicited for tutorials that : ( 1 ) transfer know-how and provide hands-on experience , ( 2 ) combine two or more areas ( e . g . rough sets and statistics , high-performance computing and databases , etc ) , or ( 3 ) cover application domains such as finance , medicine , or automatic control . submission to zytkow @ uncc . edu by may 15th , 1998 . notification of acceptance by june , 15th , 1998 . demonstrations of software for data mining and knowledge discovery are invited , including both commercial and experimental systems . send descriptions to quafafou @ irin . univ-nantes . fr by july 15th , 1998 . program co-chairs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - jan zytkow , mohamed quafafou , dept . of computer science irin , 2 rue la houssiniere unc charlotte bp 92208 - 44322 charlotte , nc 28223 nantes cedex 03 usa france zytkow @ uncc . edu quafafou @ irin . univ-nantes . fr program committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - pieter adriaans ( syllogic , netherlands ) pawel bradzil ( u . porto , portugal ) henri briand ( irin u . nantes , france ) leo carbonara ( british telecom . , uk ) a . fazel famili ( iit-nrc , canada ) ronen feldman ( bar ilan , u . israel ) patrick gallinari ( u . paris 6 , france ) jean - gabriel ganascia ( u . paris 6 , france ) attilio giordana ( u . torino , italy ) david hand ( open u . , uk ) bob henery ( u . strathclyde , uk ) mikhail kiselev ( megaputer intelligence , russia ) willi kloesgen ( gmd , germany ) yves kodratoff ( u . paris 11 , france ) jan komorowski ( norwegian u . sci . & tech . ) nada lavrac ( josef stefan inst . , slovenia ) heikki mannila ( u . helsinki , finland ) steve muggleton ( oxford u . , uk ) zdzislaw pawlak ( warsaw technical u . , poland ) gregory piatetsky - shapiro ( knowledge stream , boston , usa ) lech polkowski ( u . warsaw , poland ) mohamed quafafou ( irin u . nantes , france ) zbigniew ras ( unc charlotte , usa ) lorenza saitta ( u . torino , italy ) wei - min shen ( u . so . california , usa ) arno siebes ( cwi , netherlands ) andrzej skowron ( u . warsaw , poland ) derek sleeman ( u . aberdeen , uk ) nicolas spyratos ( u . paris 11 , france ) shusaku tsumoto ( tokyo medical & dental u . , japan ) raul valdes - perez ( cmu , usa ) thierry van de merckt ( belgium ) rudiger wirth ( daimler - benz , germany ) stefan wrobel ( gmd , germany ) ning zhong ( yamaguchi u . , japan ) wojtek ziarko ( u . regina , canada ) djamel a . zighed ( u . lyon 2 , france ) jan zytkow ( unc charlotte , usa ) + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + | mohamed quafafou | | irin , 2 rue la houssiniere tel : ( + 33 ) 240 37 49 75 < < < < < < new < < < | | bp 92208 - 44322 fax : ( + 33 ) 240 37 49 70 | | nantes cedex 03 mail : quafafou @ irin . univ-nantes . fr | | france . | + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ +
",0
2103,"Subject: comparative slavic morphosyntax
 
 call for papers indiana university invites you to submit abstracts to a workshop ( funded by the u . s . department of education ) on comparative slavic morphosyntax the workshop will be held at canyon inn , in mccormick 's creek state park , spencer , indiana ( near bloomington ) on friday - sunday 5 - 7 june 1998 . papers are solicited in response to five invited "" position papers "" : leonard babby : "" voice and diathesis in slavic "" zeljko boskovic : "" wh - phrases and wh-movement in slavic "" greville corbett : "" agreement in slavic "" steven franks : "" clitics in slavic "" gilbert rappaport : "" noun phrases in slavic "" these position papers are intended to summarize the variation in data across the slavic languages , define the "" state of the art "" in existing analysis for each area , communicate innovations and on-going research , and identify an agenda for future investigation . as such , they are meant to serve as springboards for discussion , rebuttal , response , and debate . this call for papers solicits responses in two categories : 10 minute presentations ( + 5 minute discussion ) or 20 minutes ( + 10 minute discussion ) . you may respond to one or several position papers , but must submit an advance abstract for each response ; there is no set limit on the number of responses which may be accepted from any one individual . the position papers can be downloaded via the internet in platform-independent pdf , ps , and html formats ( the html versions will be posted last ) from : < http : / / www . indiana . edu / ~ slavconf / linguistics / index . html > if you cannot download or use electronic versions of the position papers , you may request a printed copy of any of the papers from the address below . however , however , in view of our limited budget and staff resources , we urge you to utilize the electronic versions if possible . proposals for reponses may be submitted to the address below . abstracts should be no more than one page , including examples and references . include your name and affiliation directly on the abstract , and please attach a card with your name , address , e-mail , phone , title , and position paper to which you are responding . please send 4 copies of each abstract , and indicate the length category for your response . we will also accept submissions via email to < slavconf @ indiana . edu > or fax ( to 1-812 - 855-2107 ) . paper submission is preferable , however , as these abstracts will be used as camera-ready copy in making the abstract book for the workshop . deadline for receipt of abstracts : 24 april 1998 . registration for the conference will be free of charge for all participants , but we regret that our budget does not permit us to underwrite travel or local expenses . information about travel and accommodations will be provided later via announcements and our www page . a volume of proceedings will be published by slavica publishers . all requests for information , inquiries about position papers , and abstracts should be sent to : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * george fowler [ email ] gfowler @ indiana . edu dept . of slavic languages [ dept . tel . ] 1-812 - 855-9906 / - 2608 / - 2624 ballantine 502 [ dept . fax ] 1-812 - 855-2107 indiana university [ home phone / fax ] 1-317 - 726-1482 / - 1642 bloomington , in 47405-6616 usa [ slavica phone / fax ] 1-812 - 856-4186 / - 4187 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
2104,"Subject: final call : penn ling . colloquium
 
 * * call for papers * * the penn linguistics club announces the twenty - third annual penn linguistics colloquium saturday 27 february and sunday 28 february 1999 invited speaker : angelika kratzer , university of massachusetts we welcome papers on any topic in linguistics and related fields . this year 's colloquium will feature a special session on applications of constraint based approaches in any of the subfields of linguistics , including but not limited to phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics-pragmatics , computational linguistics , sociolinguistics , historical linguistics , and language acquisition . speakers will have twenty minutes for their presentation and five minutes for discussion and questions . prospective speakers should submit three copies of their abstract no later than tuesday 1 december 1998 to : the penn linguistics colloquium committee department of linguistics 619 williams hall university of pennsylvania philadelphia pa 19104-6305 abstracts should be no longer than 2 pages in a 12 - point font with 1 - inch margins and should be accompanied by an index card including your name , affiliation ( department and institution ) , address , e-mail address and the subfield of linguistics ( or related discipline ) that you find most appropriate to your topic . in particular , please indicate whether you would like your paper to be considered for inclusion in the special session . no more than one single and one joint abstract per author may be submitted . submissions by e-mail in ascii or latex to plc23 @ babel . ling . upenn . edu are welcome . proceedings of the conference will be published as a volume of the penn working papers in linguistics . authors who present papers agree to submit a camera-ready copy of their paper by may 31 , 1999 . if you have further questions , please contact us at the above address or via e-mail at plc23 @ babel . ling . upenn . edu . the colloquium web page can be found at http : / / www . ling . upenn . edu / ~ nrh / plc23 . html sincerely , the colloquium committee
",0
2105,"Subject: logic , language , and information / students
 
 the esslli ' 99 student session august 9-20 , 1999 , utrecht , the netherlands deadline : march 15th , 1999 http : / / www-ensais . u-strasbg . fr / todirascu / esslli-fr . html we are pleased to announce the student session of the 11th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli ' 99 ) organized by the university of utrecht under the auspices of the european association for language , logic and information ( folli ) and located at the university of utrecht in august 1999 . we will welcome submission of papers for presentation at the esslli ' 99 student session and appearance in the proceedings . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = purpose : this is going to be the fourth esslli student session and it will provide , like the other editions , an opportunity for esslli participants who are students to present their own work in progress and get feedback from their colleagues and fellow-students . it is desired that papers presenting creative and innovative ideas will be submitted . the esslli ' 99 student session encourages submissions from students at any level , from undergraduates - before completion of the master thesis as well as postgraduates - before completion of the phd degree . we will not accept papers co-authored by non-students . as in the previous editions , the esslli ' 99 student session will consist of paper presentations . the esslli ' 99 student session has its own timeslot in the school 's schedule : 60 minutes every day for two weeks , provided that a sufficient number of good quality papers is accepted . each presentation will last 30 minutes ( including 10 minutes of discussion ) . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = requirements : the student session papers should describe original , unpublished work , completed or in progress that demonstrates insight , creativity , and promise . no previously published papers should be submitted . papers will cover topics within the six esslli subject areas ( logic , linguistics , computation , logic&linguistics , logic&computation , linguistics&computation ) . the accepted papers will be published in the esslli ' 99 student session proceedings , which will be made available during esslli ' 99 , together with the readers of the courses . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = format of submission : student authors should submit an anonymous extended abstract headed by the paper title , not to exceed 5 pages of length exclusive of references and a separate identification page ( see below ) . note that the length of the full papers will not be allowed to exceed 10 pages . since reviewing will be blind , the body of the abstract should omit author names and addresses . furthermore , self-references that reveal the author 's identity ( e . g . , "" we previously showed ( smith , 1991 ) . . . "" ) should be avoided . it is possible to use instead references like "" smith ( 1991 ) previously showed . . . "" . to identify each paper , a separate identification page should be supplied containing the paper 's title , the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , the author ( s ) s ' affiliation and complete address ( s ) a short ( 5 lines ) summary and a specification of the subject area to which the paper belongs . the subject areas considered are : logic , linguistics , computation , logic&linguistics , logic&computation , and linguistics & computation . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = media of submission and formatting requirements : the student authors should submit their papers electronically to : amalia @ liia . u-strasbg . fr amalia @ thor . infoiasi . ro for any submission a plain ascii text version of the identification page should be sent separately by email , using the following format : title : < title > author : < name of the first author > address : < affiliation and address of first author > . . . author : < name of the last author > address : < affiliation and address of last author > short summary ( 5 lines ) : < summary > subject area ( one of ) : logic | linguistics | computation | logic and linguistics | logic and computation | linguistics and computation please always submit the identification page in a separate message . the submission should be in one of the following formats : - self - contained latex source ( the most encouraged ) - postscript - ascii text you can find more information about submission requirements at : http : / / www-ensais . u-strasbg . fr / liia / todirascu / esslli-fr . html = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = esslli ' 99 student session information : in order to present a paper at esslli ' 99 student session , every student author has to register as a participant at esslli ' 99 . however , authors of accepted papers will be eligible for a reduced registration fee . for all information concerning esslli ' 99 please consult the esslli ' 99 web site : http : / / esslli . let . uu . nl = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = important dates : deadline for submission : march 15 , 1999 notifications : may 16 , 1999 final version due : june 15 , 1999 esslli ' 99 student session : august 9-20 , 1999 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = programme committee for the esslli ' 99 student session : chairwoman : amalia todirascu ( university "" al . i . cuza "" of iasi and ensais strasbourg ) area co-chairs : - language and computation : richard moot ( university of utrecht ) - computation : dirk nowotka ( turku center for computer science ) - logic : quintijn puite ( university of utrecht ) - language : esther kraak ( university of utrecht ) - logic and computation : catherine piliere ( uhp-loria , nancy ) - logic and language : fabien reniers ( university of utrecht ) if you have specific questions about the student session please do not hesitate to contact the chair . amalia @ liia . u-strasbg . fr amalia @ thor . infoiasi . ro computer science department university "" al . i . cuza "" of iasi 16 , berthelot str . iasi 6600 romania and ( until 17th december 1998 ) laboratoire d ' informatique et d ' intelligence artificielle ecole nationale suprieure des arts et d ' industrie strasbourg 24 , bd . de la victoire 67084 strasbourg cedex france
",0
2106,"Subject: generative approaches to language acquisition
 
 - * - * - * - * - * - * - call for papers - * - * - * - * - * - * - gala ' 99 generative approaches to language acquisition 1999 university of potsdam , germany september 10-12 , 1999 invited speakers : - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - stephen crain ( university of maryland ) roberta golinkoff ( university of delaware ) celia jakubowicz ( laboratoire de psychologie experimentale paris ) juergen meisel ( university of hamburg ) thomas roeper ( university of massachusetts , amherst ) virginia valian ( hunter college ) abstract submission : - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - abstracts are invited for papers or posters on all topics in the field of language acquisition including : bilingualism input & interaction language disorders morphology neurolinguistics phonology semantics syntax speech perception & production paper presentations will be 30 minutes long ( including questions ) . you can submit an abstract by e-mail or by regular mail . abstracts for papers or posters should be no longer than 1 page . please indicate on the abstract , whether it is a paper presentation or a poster . abstract submission by e-mail : - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - please use plain text if possible , and use the subject name : "" abstract "" . the e-mail should be addressed to : gala99 @ ling . uni-potsdam . de at the top of the abstract , please include the names and affiliations of all the authors , and the e-mail of the author who will handle correspondence . please leave several blank lines between this information and the abstract proper ( title and text ) , to facilitate anonymous review . abstract submission by regular mail : - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - send 3 copies of a one page abstract to the postal address below . omit name and affiliation . please include an extra copy of the abstract with the following information : - title of the paper / poster - name ( s ) of the author ( s ) - address and affiliation - e-mail address submissions by regular mail should be sent to : gala ' 99 linguistics department university of potsdam postfach 14415 d-14415 potsdam germany deadline for submissions : march 1 , 1999 - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - for additional information please see : http : / / www . ling . uni-potsdam . de / gala99
",0
2107,"Subject: 2nd annual computational linguistics research colloquium
 
 call for papers 2nd annual cluk research colloquium ( cluk = computational linguistics u . k . ) january 11th - 12th 1999 university of essex the cluk colloquia aim to offer phd students in natural language processing and related disciplines an opportunity to present and discuss their work with members of the wider research community . the colloquia are organised as mini-conferences . candidates submit an abstract , which is refereed by the cluk programme committee . presentations are held in conference style sessions , to which senior established researchers are invited . the 2nd annual cluk research colloquium will be held at the university of essex , on monday 11th and tuesday 12th of january 1999 . this year , we are pleased to announce two invited speakers to the event : professor johanna moore ( university of edinburgh ) dr rens bod ( university of leeds ) details can be found on < http : / / cswww . essex . ac . uk / staff / udo / cluk . the pages will be updated on an ongoing basis . for more information about the university of essex , the campus and how to get there , see < http : / / www . essex . ac . uk / about / main . html - call for papers : dates and format authors are requested to submit a 500 word abstract of their presentation ( including name , address , email address and title ) to : anne de roeck department of computer science university of essex . wivenhoe park colchester co4 3sq email : deroe @ essex . ac . uk submissions as emailed ascii text are preferred , but hardcopy format will be accepted . submission deadline : november 23rd notification of acceptance : december 14th abstracts will be refereed by the programme committee : anne de roeck , university of essex ( chair ) adam kilgarriff , university of brighton diana maynard , manchester metropolitan university mark moens , university of edinburgh nicholas ostler , linguacubun ltd . john tait , university of sunderland carole tiberius , university of brighton yorick wilks , university of sheffield the cluk committee will actively pursue a means of publishing selected full papers in a journal or monograph series . - local arrangements and cost the meeting will start at 11 am on january 11th , and will finish after lunch on january 12th . it is organised by the organising committee ( email : cluk2 @ essex . ac . uk ) : anne de roeck udo kruschwitz nick webb rachele winn - secretarial cost of participation is l55 and includes tea / coffee , lunches and dinner with wine . accommodation will be in local hotels . we are compiling a list of low cost accommodation in wivenhoe and colchester , which will appear on our website shortly . participants are expected to book their own accommodation , though we will provide information and assist where we can . problems should be addressed to cluk2 @ essex . ac . uk . an on-line registration page will be added to our website shortly .
",0
2108,"Subject: linguistic theory in eastern european languages ( clite1 )
 
 announcing clite 1 the first conference on linguistic theory in eastern european languages to be organized by the phd program in theoretical linguistics of the university of szeged , hungary , 19-21 april , 1998 , immediately following the annual glow meeting at tilburg . keynote speakers are : michael brody ( ucl and hungarian academy of sciences ) "" mirror theory and the hungarian verbal complex "" maria - luisa rivero ( university of ottawa ) , "" stylistic verb movement in slavic and the balkan area "" olga miseska tomic ( university of novi sad ) title tba ( topic : south slavic languages ) the official language of the conference is english . one - page abstracts are expected to be sent by february 28 to the following e-mail address : szecsenyi @ hung . u-szeged . hu or by ordinary mail to : "" clite 1 "" , jate alt . nyelv . tsz . egyetem u . 2 . , szeged , h-6722 hungary fax : 36-62 - 321843 http : / / www . arts . u-szeged . hu / dep / genlinguistic / clite / clite1 . html registration fee is us $ 40 . 00 , which includes a reception , midday meals and refreshments . a limited number of grants covering registration , accommodation and meals are available particularly to students and linguists from eastern europe . grants should be applied for as soon as possible but february 28 the latest . reasonable priced accommodation is offered at local hotels , but inexpensive lodging especially for low-budget participants is also available . szeged is a city of 170 , 000 in southern hungary , and a two-hour train-ride away from the capital , budapest . the conference venue is the centrally located 180 - year old academy building . on behalf of the organizing committee , istvan kenesei
",0
2109,"Subject: lexical semantics workshop - - esslli ' 99
 
 esslli-99 workshop on lexical semantics and linking in constraint-based theories august 16-20 , 1999 a workshop held as part of the 11th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli-99 ) august 9 - 20 , 1999 , utrecht , the netherlands * * first call for papers * * organiser : valia kordoni ( university of tuebingen ) background : in recent years , there has been an increasing interest among syntacticians in the interface between syntax and word meaning . in constraint-based theories like lfg and hpsg , this interest has led to the development of the lexical mapping theory ( lmt ) and the hierarchical lexicon models , respectively . having as a common starting point their recognition for the importance of word classes for the interface between syntax and lexical semantics , lmt and the hierarchical lexicon models vary both ontologically , and in the range of linguistic phenomena they attempt to explain , some of which include , but in no way are they limited to , the following : - split intransitivity phenomena ( unaccusative vs . unergative verbs ) - variation among verbs of emotion and location - subcategorization alternations and the linking of indirect arguments - morpholexical processes , including causative verbs - complex predicates - symmetric predicates the aim of the workshop is to provide a forum for researchers and advanced ph . d . students to present and discuss approaches on empirical and formal issues related to the syntax - lexical semantics interface in the frameworks of lfg and hpsg . the workshop intends to continue the series of courses and workshops on lexical semantics and on the interactions between morphology , syntax and semantics held at previous summer schools . it is also dedicated to support inter-framework discussions , since it is focussing on the lexical semantics and linking components of both lfg and hpsg . workshop format : the workshop will consist of five sessions with two 30 + 10 - minute presentations in each session . submissions : all researchers in the area , but especially ph . d . students and young researchers , are encouraged to submit a two-page abstract either as hardcopy or electronically ( postscript only ) . submissions should be sent until february 15 , 1999 . notification of acceptance will be given to contributors around april 15 , 1999 . contributors of accepted papers will be asked to provide an extended abstract ( 10 pages ) in latex format to be included in a summer school reader . the deadline for the submission of the extended abstracts is may 31 , 1999 . submissions should be sent to the following address : valia kordoni universitaet tuebingen seminar fuer sprachwissenschaft kleine wilhelmstr . 113 d-72074 tuebingen germany korder @ sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de registration : workshop contributors will be required to register for esslli-99 , but they will be eligible for a reduced registration fee . important dates : feb 15 , 99 : deadline for submissions apr 15 , 99 : notification of acceptance may 31 , 99 : deadline for final copy aug 16 , 99 : start of workshop further information : the workshop will take place in association with the 11th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli ) to be held in utrecht , the netherlands ( 9-20 august 1999 ) . the main focus of the european summer schools in logic , language and information is the interface between linguistics , logic , and computation . the esslli summer school is organized under the auspices of the european association for logic , language and information ( folli ) . foundational , introductory and advanced courses together with workshops cover a wide variety of topics within six areas of interest : logic , computation , language , logic and computation , computation and language , language and logic . previous summer schools have been highly successful , attracting around 500 students from europe and elsewhere . the school has developed into an important meeting place and forum for discussion for students and researchers interested in the interdisciplinary study of logic , language and information . to obtain further information about esslli-99 please visit the esslli-99 home page at http : / / esslli . let . uu . nl /
",0
2110,"Subject: collective agent based systems
 
 call for papers esslli - workshop on foundations and applications of collective agent based systems ( cabs ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = workshop held in the section ' computation ' as part of the ' eleventh european summer school in logic , language and information ' esslli-99 august 16-20 , 1999 , utrecht , the netherlands program committee : wiebe van der hoek ( utrecht university ) john - jules meyer ( utrecht university ) cees witteveen ( delft university ) mike wooldridge ( university of london ) invited speaker : christiano castelfranchi , university of siena organisers : wiebe van der hoek ( utrecht university ) wiebe @ cs . uu . nl john - jules meyer ( utrecht university ) jj @ cs . uu . nl cees witteveen ( delft university ) witt @ cs . tudelft . nl questions concerning the workshop may be addressed to any of the organizers . background : this workshop concerns the description of , specification of and reasoning about collective agent-based systems , i . e . multi-agent systems in the sense of co-ordinated networks of autonomous agents . typical issues to be addressed are logic-based approaches to communication , synchronisation co-ordination , co-operation , conflict handling and negotiation , collective intentions / goals , goals and commitments . other topics include incident handling and fault-tolerant behaviour of such systems . finally , applications of collective agent-based systems in e . g . transportation , trade and e-commerce will be subject of discussion in the workshop . keywords : - theories , logics and specification formalisms for multi - agent systems - models for agent communication , co-ordination , co-operation , competition , collective intentions , contracts , delegation , ( social ) commitment , roles etc . - models and specification of emergent behaviour - theories for agent negotiation and argumentation - coalition formation - conflict handling / resolution - models and methods for conflict resolution - multi-agent programming - approaches dealing with incident handling and fault-tolerance in mas - applications in e . g . transport , trade and e-commerce how the workhsop will be organised : the workshop will consist of five sessions ( 90 min . each ) of presentation and discussion of contributed papers . it will take place during the second week esslli - summer school and will be open to all members of the lli - community . submissions : all researchers in the area , but especially ph . d . students and young researchers , are encouraged to submit an abstract ( hard copy or e-mail ) of not more than 12 pages to the following address : wiebe van der hoek department of computer science po box 80089 3508 tb utrecht the netherlands wiebe @ cs . uu . nl summary of dates : march 15 , 99 : deadline for submissions may 1 , 99 : notification of acceptance may 31 , 99 : deadline for final copy aug 9 , 99 : start of esslli ' 99 aug 16 , 99 : start of workshop registration : workshop contributors will be required to register for esslli-99 . further information : to obtain further information about the workshop , please go to http : / / pds . twi . tudelft . nl / cabs / esslli _ 99 . htm the esslli-99 home page is at http : / / esslli . let . uu . nl /
",0
2111,"Subject: deseret language and linguistic society
 
 call for papers : 1999 deseret language and linguistics society symposium the 25th annual deseret language and linguistics symposium ( dlls ) invites papers in all areas of linguistics and language for our 1999 symposium to be held on february 18th and 19th , 1999 . this year 's plenary speaker is john r . searle , professor emeritus of philosophy at the university of california at berkeley . to apply , please submit a dlls proposal form including an abstract for review of no more than 250 words by email or regular mail by friday , december 11 , 1998 to either alan _ manning @ byu . edu or alan manning linguistics department 2129 jkhb brigham young university provo , ut 84602 more information about the society and the symposium ( including the proposal submission form ) can be readily accessed at : http : / / english . byu . edu / societies / dlls
",0
2112,"Subject: israeli theoretical linguistics assoc 15th annual meeting : 1st cfp
 
 the 15th annual meeting - - - israeli association for theoretical linguistics iatl 15 june 16-17 1999 haifa university , haifa invited speakers : mark aronoff ( suny , stony brook ) ( second speaker to be announced ) iatl 15 , the 15th annual meeting of the israeli association for theoretical linguistics , will be held in haifa university , haifa on june 16-17 , 1999 . submissions are invited for papers presenting high quality , previously unpublished research in all areas of theoretical linguistics . iatl publishes a working papers-style proceedings in which all accepted and alternate papers appear . please send 7 copies of an anonymous abstract ( maximum length 2 pages ) accompanied by a card with author 's name , affiliation , e / snail-mail , and title of paper to : iatl 15 , linguistics programme , department of english , the hebrew university , jerusalem 91905 israel . deadline : feb 8 , 1999 . electronic submission ( . ps format only ) is possible . not more than one single-authored abstract per person , plus one co-authored abstract . important dates : febuary 8 , 1999 : abstract submission deadline march 25 , 1999 : notification to authors of acceptance june 16-17 , 1999 : iatl conference further information from : msjihad @ mscc . huji . ac . il iatl 15 will be held adjacently to pragma 99 and to bifsai 6 . pragma 99 , to be held during june 13-15 , 1999 at tel aviv university and the hebrew university of jerusalem is an interdisciplinary international conference on pragmatics and negotiation bringing together pragmaticists , linguists , philosophers , anthropologists , sociologists and political scientists . among the plenary speakers : elinor ochs ( ucla ) , itamar rabinovitch ( tel aviv university ) , emanual schegloff ( ucla ) , thomas schelling ( university of maryland ) , deborah schiffrin ( georgetown university ) , deborah tannen ( georgetown university ) , ruth wodak ( university of vienna ) . for further information contact : pragma99 @ post . tau . ac . il bifsai 6 is the sixth biennial symposium on the foundations of artificial intelligence , to be held on june 23-25 , 1999 in ramat gan , israel . the symposium is international in scope , with invited lectures by leading researchers and contributed papers on foundations of ai . the invited speakers for bisfai-99 include stan rosenschein of stanford university and leo joskowicz of hebrew university . you may contact bisfai @ cs . ciu . ac . il for further information , or visit the bisfai-99 website at http : / / www . cs . biu . ac . il : 8080 / ~ bisfai . this site is mirrored in the united states at http : / / www-formal . stanford . edu / leora / bisfai
",0
2113,"Subject: lexicon
 
 linguistics association of canada and the united states the twenty-sixth lacus forum to be held at the university of alberta edmonton , alberta , canada august 2nd - 7th , 1999 featured lecturers : joan bybee , univesity of new mexico wallace chafe , uc santa barbara conference theme : the lexicon abstracts are invited on any topics relating to the lexicon , including those listed below , but abstracts on other linguistic topics will also be considered : lexical semantics the mental lexicon relationships of lexicon and syntax relationships between lexical and conceptual information relationships between lexical and morphological information relationships between lexical and phonological information the cortical representation of lexical information diachronic lexicology : the lexicon through time conceptual categories and lexical categories cognitive treatments of lexical information lexical functions lexicalization idiomaticity abstracts should be anonymous ( no indication of the author ) and should : l - have an informative but brief title 2 - clearly state the problem to be addressed or the research questions raised by prior studies . 3 - state the main point ( s ) or argument ( s ) of the proposed presentation , with relevant data if possible . if the paper is empirically based , state specific hypotheses and at least an outline of results obtained . 4 - show relevance to other work or to linguistic research . 5 - give references to literature cited in the abstract . submit abstracts via e-mail with 3 camera-ready copies simultaneously sent via snail mail to the addresses below . those without e-mail available should send 16 hard copies via snail mail . each author should also send by snail mail a 3x5 "" card bearing name , addresses ( especially e-mail ) affiliation , phone , title of paper , audio-visual equipment required ( an overhead projector will regularly be available ) , eligibility for prizes , time desired ( normally 15 or 25 minutes plus discussion time ) , and identification of one or more topics under which the paper falls ( from above list , or specify if another ) . proposals for panels jor special sessions - - identifying proposed participants - - are also welcome . please contact ruth brend or syd lamb right away with your ideas ( see addresses below ) . the annual presidents ' predoctoral prize ( $ 100 ) and postdoctoral prize ( $ 500 - - for young untenured scholars ) will be awarded to the best papers in each category ( only single-authored presentations considered ) . limited funds to assist scholars coming from countries with weak currencies may be available . for information contact the conference committee chair . submit abstracts & proposals to : ruth brend , chair , lacus conference committee , 3363 burbank dr . , ann arbor , mi 48105 , usa ( tel . 313-6652787 ; fax 313-6659743 ; e-mail , rbrend @ umich . edu ) . deadline for receipt of abstracts : january 15 , 1999 . the university of alberta , the second largest english speaking university in canada , is located in edmonton , a cosmopolitan and ethnically diverse city of almost a million people located just a few hours drive from the magnificent canadian rockies ( about 4 hours to jasper and about 5 hours to banff - - the drive is easy and breathtakingly beautiful ) . quite reasonable hotel accommodations will be available at the edge of campus , within easy walking distance to the conference rooms . accommodations will also be available on campus . restaurants can be found both on and at the periphery of campus , while downtown edmonton is accessible via the subway . further information will be sent to all lacus members and to nonmember authors of accepted abstracts in march . conference committee : ruth brend , michigan state university ( emerita ) , chair angela della volpe , california state university , fullerton sydney lamb , rice university gary prideaux , university of alberta lois stanford , university of alberta address questions about the conference to : ruth brend < rbrend @ umich . edu > syd lamb < lamb @ rice . edu > address questions about alberta to : gary prideaux < gary . prideaux @ ualberta . ca > , lois stanford < lstanfor @ maildrop . srv . ualberta . ca >
",0
2114,"Subject: conference on turkic languages
 
 call for papers the first manchester conference on turkic languages 6 - 7 april 1999 , university of manchester the north - west centre for linguistics and the research group on central asia and the caucasus are pleased to announce their first joint conference on turkic languages . papers are invited on all areas of linguistics from researchers who work on turkic languages . papers will be 35 minutes long with 10 minutes discussion time . there will also be a poster session . proceedings are planned to be published as a part of a series on turkic linguistics . please send your abstracts ( of around 500 words with a selective bibliography ) not later than 1 february 1999 to : cigdem balim - harding coordinator , research group on central asia and the caucasus department of middle eastern studies , university of manchester manchester m13 9pl , uk tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 275 3069 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 275 3264 email : cigdem . balim @ man . ac . uk conference details will shortly appear on the web page for the rgcac : http : / / www . art . man . ac . uk / mes / asia . htm
",0
2115,"Subject: language technology in multimedia information retrieval
 
 14th twente workshop on language technology language technology in multimedia information retrieval december 7 - 8 1998 , university of twente , the netherlands program and call for participation on 7 and 8 december 1998 , the fourteenth international twente workshop on language technology ( twlt14 ) will take place at the university of twente , enschede , the netherlands . the topic of this workshop will be "" language technology in multimedia information retrieval "" twlt14 will focus on the increasingly important role of human language technology in the indexing and accessing of written and spoken documents , video material and / or images , and on the role of language technology for cross-language retrieval and information extraction . the workshop will address the role of language and speech processing both in terms of existing approaches and implementations , in terms of theoretical foundations , and / or emerging directions of research . http : / / wwwseti . cs . utwente . nl / parlevink / conferences / twlt14 . html program : monday 7 december 09 : 00 registration 10 : 00 opening session 1 : cross - language ir 10 : 15 hans uszkoreit , dfki "" cross - language information retrieval : from naive concepts to advanced applications "" 10 : 45 paul buitelaar , klaus netter and feiyu xu , dfki "" integrating different strategies for cross - language retrieval "" 11 : 15 break 11 : 30 franciska de jong and djoerd hiemstra , university of twente "" cross - language retrieval : from design to implementation . "" 12 : 00 david hull , xerox grenoble "" information extraction from bilingual corpora and its application to machine - aided translation "" 12 : 30 lunch session 2 : nlp , ie / ir and multimedia 14 : 00 arjen de vries , university of twente "" mirror : multimedia query processing in extensible databases "" 14 : 30 doug appelt , sri international "" an overview of information extraction and its applications to information retrieval "" 15 : 00 break + demos 16 : 00 paul van der vet , university of twente "" combining linguistic and knowledge - based engineering for information retrieval and information extraction "" 16 : 30 karen sparck - jones , cambridge university ( nl + ir ) "" information retrieval : how far will * really * simple methods take you ? "" 17 : 30 drinks tuesday 8 december session 3 : video and image processing 09 : 00 stanley peters , stanford university "" methods and tools "" 09 : 30 andres salway and khursid ahmad , university of surrey "" talking pictures : indexing and representing video with collateral text "" 10 : 00 wim van bruxvoort , vda informatiebeheersing "" pop - eye : language technology for video retrieval "" 10 : 30 break 11 : 00 istar buscher , swr "" going digital at tv - archives : new dimensions of information management for professional and public demands "" 11 : 30 arnold smeulders , university of amsterdam "" vision and language , the impossible connection "" 12 : 00 kees van deemter , university of brighton ( picture retrieval ) "" retrieving pictures for document generation "" 12 : 30 lunch session 4 : speech retrieval 14 : 00 steve renals , university of sheffield "" the thisl spoken document retrieval system "" 14 : 30 wessel kraaij / joop van gent , tno-tpd "" phoneme based spoken document retrieval "" 15 : 00 break closing session 15 : 30 jaime carbonell , carnegie mellon university "" information novelty and the mmr metric in retrieval and summarization "" 16 : 00 discussion 16 : 30 closing the regular workshop fee is dfl . 175 , - and covers a copy of the proceedings , lunches , coffee and tea during the breaks , and an informal reception . students may apply for a reduced fee . the workshop secratariat can make hotel reservations . more information on the workshop as well as a registration form can be found at http : / / wwwseti . cs . utwente . nl / parlevink / conferences / twlt14 . html twlt14 is organised in cooperation with the parlevink - project of the university of twente by : klaus netter - dfki , germany email : netter @ dfki . de franciska de jong - university of twente , computer science department email : fdejong @ cs . utwente . nl djoerd hiemstra - university of twente , computer science department email : hiemstra @ cs . utwente . nl for further information please contact the organisers , or the workshop secretariat : department of computer science / parlevink university of twente phone : + 31 53 4893680 p . o . box 217 , fax : + 31 53 4893503 7500 ae enschede the netherlands email : twlt14 @ cs . utwente . nl
",0
2116,"Subject: negation in slavic languages
 
 call for papers workshop on the syntax and semantics of slavic negation may 1 - 2 , 1999 during 32nd poznan linguistic meeting ( plm ' 99 ) poznan , poland april 30 - may 2 , 1999 invited speakers ( to be confirmed ) : eva hajicova , charles university , prague maria luisa rivero , university of ottawa abstracts are invited for 30 - minute talks on all aspects of ( morpho ) syntax and semantics of negation in slavic languages ( also comparing slavic negation to that in other languages ) from any theoretical perspective . the official language of the workshop will be english . we have tentatively arranged with slavica publishers for publishing a volume of selected papers presented at the workshop . further details will be announced at the workshop . abstract requirements : abstracts should be no more than one standard size page in length with the option of including an additional page for data and references . abstracts should be in at least 10 - point type with 1 - inch margins , single-spaced . they should be anonymous . the preferred way of submitting an abstract is via email . abstracts should be sent to the following address : adamp @ sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de acceptable formats are : pure ascii , postscript , tex , latex , latex2e , rtf , also gzipped uuencoded versions thereof . please , send in a separate email the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , address for correspondence , and the title of the paper . alternatively , 3 copies of the abstract , accompanied by a separate card stating the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliation , address , and the title of the paper , should be sent to : adam przepiorkowski ipi pan ul . ordona 21 01-237 warszawa poland abstracts should be received not later than on february 12 , 1999 . important dates : submission deadline : 12th february 1999 acceptance notification : 14th march 1999 programme announcement : 1st april 1999 workshop : 1st - - 2nd may 1999 participation : anybody intending to participate ( including the speakers ) should register for the poznan linguistic meeting ( plm ' 99 ) . the first circular will be sent separately by the organizers of plm ' 99 . any inquiries should be sent to the address below . - - , adam przepiorkowski - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - universitaet tuebingen , gk ils | seminar fuer sprachwissenschaft | wilhelmstr . 113 | office : ( + 49 7071 ) 2972741 d-72074 tuebingen | home : ( + 49 7071 ) 62410 germany | email : adamp @ sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - www : http : / / www . sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de / ~ adamp / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
2117,"Subject: mla 98 call for papers ( division of applied linguistics )
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for papers ( second call - - deadline : march 2 , 1998 ) modern language association 1998 convention division on applied linguistics san francisco , california 27-30 december 1998 the division on applied linguistics is sponsoring three separate sessions . session 1 : second language fluency : definitions and issues while reference to "" l2 fluency "" is common , informed discussion about its definition , measurement and acquisition is rare . this session explores both theoretical issues and research on l2 fluency in speech , reading or writing . session 2 : technology in second language learning : what does research tell us ? this session explores the consequences of using computer technology in language instruction . papers should report on original research or make connections between research , theory , and teaching practice . session 3 : emotion and language : implications for language learning this session presents recent research on the relationship between affect and language learning . papers should report on original research or make connections between research , theory , and teaching practice . one - page blind abstracts accompanied by a card with the presenter 's name , address , telephone number , fax number , and e-mail address should be sent to : richard kern dept . of french university of california , berkeley berkeley , ca 94720-2580 fax ( 510 ) 642-2194 e-mail : kernrg @ uclink . berkeley . edu deadline for receipt of abstracts : march 2 , 1998 faxed and e-mail submissions will be accepted but should be followed up by a hard-copy submission . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
2118,"Subject: discourse studies - call for papers
 
 first announcement and call for papers . . . . . discourse studies . interdisciplinary journal for the study of text and talk editor : teun a . van dijk ( university of amsterdam ) a new journal edited by teun van dijk entitled discourse studies is due for publication in february 1999 . this multidisciplinary forum will publish outstanding work on the structures and strategies of written and spoken discourse , reviewed by an internationally renowned editorial board . while contributing to new developments at the cutting edge of theory and method , its articles will also be accessible to students and other newcomers to each area of specialization . although intended as a broadly conceived forum for the best international work on discourse in any field and specialization , discourse studies will especially focus on cross-disciplinary studies of text and talk in linguistics , anthropology , ethnomethodology , cognitive and social psychology , communication studies and law . articles that specifically deal with critical socio-political issues are especially welcome in sage 's companion journal discourse & society . call for papers as from april 1998 , high quality papers that fall within the scope and meet the criteria outlined above are welcome . please contact the editor : teun @ let . uva . nl ( for any other information contact louise harnby at sage publications : louise . harnby @ sagepub . co . uk )
",0
2119,"Subject: glot international vol 3 , issue 8
 
 table of contents glot international , vol . 3 , issue 8 editors : lisa cheng and rint sybesma < mailto : glot @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl > state - of-the - article structure for coordination , part ii by ljiljana progovac "" it is not accidental that there have been attempts to bring conjunction and adjunction under the same umbrella : both are recursive , and both seem deficient without the other . for example , adjunction is the only operation that creates a phrase without a head . "" column recent issues in linguistics elan dresher hidden codes in the hebrew bible ? "" he suggested that these conclusions were based on purely scientific criteria which , as it turned out , happened to be in accord with the account presented in the book of genesis . "" dissertations non - verbal predication and head movement by andrew carnie ( mit , 1995 ) , reviewed by peter svenonius the copy theory of movement and linearization of chains in the minimalist program by jairo nunes ( maryland , 1995 ) , reviewed by hans - martin grtner book reviews the architecture of the language faculty by ray jackendoff ( mit press , 1997 ) , reviewed by elizabeth a . cowper goodies the cd extinct south african khoisan languages reviewed by bonnie sands extra the number of death a linguistic mystery in eight installments by chris sidney tappan chapter 7 : an unexpected problem . . . and a invitation to write a squib for the squib section which will be inaugurated next year ! check our website ! < http : / / www . hagpub . com / glot . htm > holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
",0
2120,"Subject: a . nunn , dutch orthography
 
 new from holland academic graphics : anneke nunn dutch orthography a systematic investigation of the spelling of dutch words this study offers a detailed and systematic account of dutch orthography and its relation to the linguistic system . it reveals aspects of the spelling system that were ignored or left implicit until now , and integrates them with what was already known from prescriptive and descriptive accounts . the most important insight this study yields is that the dutch spelling system consists of two distinct components : phoneme-to - grapheme conversion rules and autonomous spelling rules . thus , the computation of spelling from sound representations is a two-step process . the investigation also shows that the phoneme-to - grapheme conversion rules for non-native words should be distinguished from the rules for native words . the autonomous spelling rules apply to both sets of lexical items alike , however . dutch spelling rules were modelled by means of a computer programme and applied to the sound representations of dutch words . 1998 . 237 pp . isbn 90-5569 - 049 - x . paperback . [ lot international series 6 . cls / catholic university of nijmegen dissertation . ] price for individuals ordering directly from holland academic graphics : hfl . 38 . 70 ( excl . vat and p&p ) . < http : / / www . hagpub . com > holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
",0
2121,"Subject: phoentics / phonology : r . goedemans , weightless segments
 
 new from holland academic graphics rob goedemans weightless segments a phonetic and phonological study concerning the metrical irrelevance of syllable onsets weightless segments deals with a specific question that arises when we regard the stress rules of quantity-sensitive languages . in these languages , vowels and coda consonants can , by virtue of their presence or absence , influence the weight of the syllable , and thus , indirectly , the location of word stress . it is common knowledge that onset consonants do not have this capacity . the question that this book , researched within the laboratory phonology framework , tries to answer is why . a phonetic explanation for the weightless behaviour of syllable onsets is sought in the durational behaviour of onset , nucleus and coda . assuming that duration is the primary phonetic correlate of phonological weight , an asymmetry in the durational behaviour of these subsyllabic constituents might explain the observed differences in potential weight . a series of production and perception experiments was conducted to reveal this asymmetry , and to explain it . a further task that is undertaken in this book is the reanalysis of a group of , mostly australian aboriginal , languages for which some degree of onset influence in their stress rules has been claimed in the past ( in defiance of the universal rule that onsets do not count ) . in the second part of this book , after a general overview of stress in aboriginal languages , it is shown that these offending languages can all be reanalysed without any reference to onset influence whatsoever . contents : 1 . introduction 2 . onset durations in production experiments 3 . the perception of syllabic duration 4 . exploratory psychophysics 5 . the role of onsets in stress rules 6 . two case studies 7 . conclusions 1998 . viii + 262 pp . isbn : 90 5569 052 x . paperback . [ lot international series 9 . hil / leiden university dissertation . ] price for individuals ordering directly from the publisher : nlg 42 . 00 ( excl . vat and p&p ) . < http : / / www . hagpub . com > holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
",0
2122,"Subject: new journal "" language and speech ""
 
 toc : language and speech : journal of the linguistic society of st . petersburg ( vol . 1 , 1998 ) published annualy , in russian and english editor - in - chief : vadim b . kassevitch editorial board : v . berkov , s . bogdanov , a . bondarko , l . bondarko , a . domashnev , a . gerd , s . iljenko , n . kazansky , s . khrakovsky , yu . kleiner ( associated editor ) , a . muratov , m . sabaneeva , n . svetozarova ( managing editor ) , i . steblin - kamenskij , n . vaxtin , l . verbitskaja articles sakharny l . v . , topic - comment structures in discourse : some basic notions bondarko a . v . , a functional model of grammar ( theoretical foundations , results and perspectives ) kassevitch v . b . , ontolinguistics , typology , and the rules of language gorbov a . a . , aktionsart in its relation to the aspect wiemer b . , narrative units and chronology factors in polish and german gsell r . , on verb serialization in standard thai zimmerling a . , the story of a polemic dios luque duran , j . de posas f . , the spanish national character as mirrored in the spanish language : the worldview and the language sukhachev n . l . , kazansky n . n . , semantics and deep level indo - european reconstructions diakonoff i . m . , external connections of the sumerian language liberman a . s . , a new etymological dictionary of modern english kolesov v . v . , russian linguistics in st . petersburg : methodological foundations cherdakov d . n . a . s . shishkov and a . kh . vostokov : the relation between traditionalism and innovations in the history of russian philology khrakovsky v . s . , ogloblin a . k . , the kholodovich school bondarko l . v . , phonetics and linguistics ( 65th anniversary of the department of phonetics ) zinder l . r . , v . m . zhirmunsky and inseldialektologie steblin - kamenskij m . i . professor shcherba as an examiner reviews kurylowicz memorial volume ( kazansky n . n . ) ; the russian language of the late 20th century ( 1985-1995 ) ( iljenko s . g . , chernyak v . d . ) . conference reports 24th annual conference at the faculty of philology , university of st . petersburg ( arkhiipova e . a . , bogdanova n . v . ) ; herzen conference ( dymarsky m . ya . , chernyak v . d . ) ; classical languages and indo - european linguistics : i . m . tronsky memorial conference ( kryuchkova e . r . ) ; 16th international congress of linguists ( kassevitch v . b . ) ; 13th international conference on historical linguistics ( kleiner yu . a . , perekhval 's kaya e . v . , rusakov a . yu . , svetozarova n . d . ) ; the child language ( kazakovskaya v . v . ) . in the seminars of the linguistic society of st . petersburg
",0
2123,"Subject: conference on arabic nlp
 
 atlas99 : arabic translation and localisation symposium tunis , may 26-28 , 1999 call for papers it is one of the five official languages of the united nations , it has 260 million native speakers , and is used as a second language by a further 1 . 3 billion people . arabic is certainly one of the world 's most important languages . yet for computer users , it is a third-class language . as there are several different encodings for arabic , and very few search engines capable of handling arabic , there are few arabic - language websites on the internet , most of them just graphic images . the atlas symposium asks why this should be so , and seeks to address the problems of . . . localisation to / from arabic teleconferencing in arabic translation into / out of arabic encoding standardisation for arabic , especially unicode information retrieval in arabic internet tools ( html editors , search engines , email , etc ) for arabic arabic nlp in general we invite contributions on any of the above topics , in english or french . a 200 - word abstract together with the author 's name and affiliation should be submitted , preferably by e-mail , to atlas @ issco . unige . ch by january 25th , 1999 . acceptance will be notified by 1st march . authors unable to submit by e-mail should send hard copy to the following address : atlas symposium , issco , 54 route des acacias , ch-1227 geneva , switzerland programme committee adnane zribi , universit de tunis iii , tunisia harold somers , umist , manchester , england ludovic tanguy , issco , geneva , switzerland rafik belhadj - kacem , epos sa , france susan armstrong - warwick , issco , geneva , switzerland schedule of dates submission deadline 25 january , 1999 acceptance notification 1 march , 1999 confirmation of participation 1 april , 1999 symposium dates 26-28 may , 1999 for more information , - see : http : / / www . ccl . umist . ac . uk / staff / harold / atlas / - or send email to : atlas @ issco . unige . ch
",0
2124,"Subject: fifth annual graduate romanic association at the u . of penn .
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for abstracts * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * university of pennsylvania department of romance languages fifth annual graduate romanic association colloquium on the edge margins and marginalities on the brink of a new millenium march 27 , 1999 we are accepting abstracts for presentations * by graduate students * in hispanic , portuguese , italian , and french and francophone literatures and romance philology . works in historical linguistics and all relevant area studies are welcome . this year we encourage papers dealing with the conference theme from a broad range of perspectives . some of the more obvious perspectives are time , space , and gender , but these are certainly not the only possibilities . possible topics might include but are not limited to : - synchronicities and diachronicities - ( cutting ) edges , borders and crossings - frontiers , limits and transgressions - shifts , changes and transformations - margins and marginalities papers can be in english , french , italian , portuguese or spanish and should be able to be read in 20 minutes ( approximately eight to ten double-spaced pages ) . accepted papers may be eligible for publication in our working paper series . submit an * anonymous * abstract with a separate self-addressed , stamped envelope and a cover sheet with the following information : - the title of the paper - presenter 's name - address - telephone number - e-mail address and - academic affiliation the deadline for submission of abstracts is january 30 , 1999 . send the submission to : graduate student colloquium reading committee department of romance languages 521 williams hall university of pennsylvania philadelphia , pa 19104-6305 for more information , call ( 215 ) 898-7429 and leave a message for linda grabner - coronel or e-mail lgrabner @ mail . sas . upenn . edu or visit our website : http : / / www . sas . upenn . edu / ~ lgrabner / 99colloq . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * please feel free to repost this call for abstracts to other lists that you know of whose members might be interested . thank you . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
2125,"Subject: languages in contact
 
 conference on languages in contact groningen university november 25-26 , 1999 first call for papers a conference on languages in contact will be held on november 25-26 , 1999 , at the university of groningen . this conference will include sessions devoted to descriptive and theoretical aspects of language contact . the aim of this conference is to discuss language contact . issues for discussion involve pidgins and creoles , minorities and their languages , diaspora situations , ' sprachbund ' phenomena , extralinguistic correlates of variety in contact situations , problems of endangered languages and the typology of these languages . we particularly welcome reports on contact phenomena between languages in russia , their survival and the influence of russian . this includes yiddish and mennonite dialects of low - german . there will be a special session devoted to this topic : languages in contact with russian . the conference will be held on the occasion of the degree of honorary doctor in st petersburg of dr tjeerd de graaf . we welcome contributions for 30 - minute presentations ( including 10 minutes of discussion ) . invited speakers , in alphabetical order : liya bondarko ( university of st petersburg ) evgenij golovko ( russian academy of sciences ) pieter muysken ( university of leiden ) sally thomason ( university of pittsburg ) abstracts should be restricted to two pages , including examples and references . two copies of abstracts should be submitted , one anonymous , and one mentioning the author 's name , affiliation , postal address and e-mail address . the deadline for submission of abstracts : april 1 , 1999 . abstracts should be sent to : the organizing committee john nerbonne , jos schaeken , dicky gilbers department of linguistics university of groningen oude kijk in ` t jatstraat 26 9712 ek groningen the netherlands information : e-mail : nerbonne @ let . rug . nl , schaeken @ let . rug . nl , gilbers @ let . rug . nl fax : + 31-50 - 3636855
",0
2126,"Subject: logic linguistics and information
 
 first announcement and call for papers esslli-99 workshop on focus and presupposition in multi-speaker discourse university of utrecht , 9-13 august 1999 context : the workshop is part of the 11th european summer school "" logic linguistics and information "" ( esslli ) , to be held in utrecht from 9-20 august 1999 . the esslli summer school is organized under the auspices of the european association for logic , language and information ( folli ) . previous esslli summer schools have been highly successful , attracting around 500 students from europe and elsewhere . the school has developed into an important meeting place and forum for discussion for students and researchers interested in the interdisciplinary study of logic , language and information . for more information on esslli ' 99 see : http : / / esslli . let . uu . nl / . workshop description : the aim of the workshop is to explore the interrelation between theories of focus , theories of presupposition and their implementation in a formal theory of dialogue . topics to be discussed include : - the relation between focus and presupposition . - the role of answer focus in formal models of questions-answer exchanges . - the treatment of presupposition in multi-speaker discourse . - the relation between deaccentuation , contextual givenness , and presupposition . - the role of focus and deaccenting in establishing discourse coherence . practical matters : paper presentations will be 45 minutes long ( including 15 minutes for discussion ) . abstracts should not exceed 1500 words , and can be submitted either by email or by regular mail . email submissions should be in postscript or plain ascii . please include "" esslli workshop "" in the subject line of your message , and send it to : bart . geurts @ mpi . nl abstract submissions by regular mail should consist of 3 copies , and be addressed to : bart geurts max planck institute for psycholinguistics postbox 310 nl-6500 ah nijmegen the netherlands workshop speakers are required to register for the summer school . however , workshop speakers will be able to register at a reduced rate to be determined by the organizing committee . dates : - deadline for submissions of abstracts : 1 march 1999 - notification of acceptance : 1 may 1999 - workshop to be held : august 9-13 for any questions , please contact the organizers : bart geurts university of osnabrueck & max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen bart . geurts @ mpi . nl manfred krifka university of texas at austin krifka @ mail . utexas . edu rob van der sandt university of nijmegen rvdsandt @ phil . kun . nl
",0
2127,"Subject: chinese and oriental language / machine translation
 
 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ call for papers ( new ) communications of colips - an international journal of the chinese and oriental languages information processing society will publish a special issue on machine translation introduction the international journal of communications of colips is devoted to the publication of original theoretical and applied research in chinese and oriental languages computing ( languages ) . in particular , this special issue focuses on the field of "" machine translation "" . in recent years , many researchers , both in academia and in industry , have taken up the challenge to build systems capable of translating oriental vlanguages and the other languages , both written text and spoken languages . this special issue is dedicated to reporting the state-of - the-art and / or state-of - the-practice in machine translation ( mt ) . original papers in all areas of research in this field , including , but not limited to , the following are invited : - methodologies for mt ( rule-based , statistics-based , knowledge-based , function-based , etc . ) - automatic or semi - automatic acquisition of translation knowledge - practical mt systems - translation aids ( translation memory , terminology databases , etc . ) - speech and dialogue machine translation - natural language analysis and generation techniques - dictionaries and lexicons for mt systems - text corpora for mt - user interfaces - evaluation techniques - mutil - linguages mt - translation corpora - mt and related technologies guidelines for submission original papers which are not submitted to , under reviewed by and published or to be published in other journals or conferences in any areas of mt are invited to this special issue for possible publication . the publication language is english or chinese . paper submissions to the special issue should be in the communications colips format . information for the format authors can be found at : http : / / www . comp . nus . edu . sg / ~ colips / commcolips / we need electronic copies in word , rtf , postscript or latex . authors should send four copies of their paper to the following special issue editor prof . ren by january 20 , 1999 : dr . fuji ren faculty of information sciences hiroshima city university 3 - 4 - 1 , ozuka - higasi , asa - minami - ku hiroshima , 731-3194 , japan tel : + 81-82 - 830-1584 fax : + 81-82 - 830-1584 or + 81-82 - 830-1792 email : ren @ its . hiroshima-cu . ac . jp important dates submission deadline : january 20 , 1999 . author notification : march 20 , 1999 . final version : may 5 , 1999 . publication : june , 1999 . special issue editor : dr . fuji ren faculty of information sciences hiroshima city university 3 - 4 - 1 , ozuka - higasi , asa - minami - ku hiroshima , 731-3194 , japan more information : updated information on the special issue as well as the communication colips is available at : http : / / www . comp . nus . edu . sg / ~ colips / commcolips / authors also can contact with chairman of colips : dr . lua kim teng school of computing , national university of singapore kent ridge road , singapore 119260 fax 65-7794580 tel 65-8742782 email : luakt @ comp . nus . edu . sg - - - - -
",0
2128,"Subject: southeast conference on linguistics
 
 secol 30th anniversary meeting spring 1999 linguistics for the twenty - first century call for papers : due december 7 old dominion university will host the spring 1999 meeting of secol , which will be held at the norfolk waterside marriott in norfolk , virginia on april 8th , 9th and 10th . we will be celebrating the 30th anniversary of the founding of the organization . the featured speakers for the spring meeting are william labov of the university of pennsylvania and walt wolfram of north carolina state university . labov will make a presentation on "" the triumph of southern sound changes , "" showing that certain elements of southern dialect are now found to be occurring throughout north america . walt wolfram 's presentation will be on "" the southern context ( s ) of earlier aave . "" based on his examination of longstanding african american communities in the pamlico sound area of north carolina , he argues that earlier african american speech was much more diverse than the contemporary version of the vernacular and explains why aave has undergone such a dramatic movement toward a normative vernacular over the last half century . in addition , natalie schilling - estes will moderate a discussion by a group of younger scholars on "" fieldwork for the new century , "" which will deal with ethical issues , approaches to fieldwork , current and emerging technologies , and fieldwork priorities for the 21st century . abstract guidelines please send six copies of an abstract of your paper - - not to exceed 300 words - - to the secol office for the consideration of the program committee . do not put your name on the abstracts so they may be judged anonymously . please copy and fill out the following form and staple it to one copy of your abstract . after the papers are refereed , we will notify you of the committee 's decisions . the abstracts must arrive at the secol office no later than 7 december 1998 . guidelines i . give the title of the paper at the top of the page . do not give your name or other identifying information . abstracts will be judged by the program committee without the knowledge of the identity of the authors . ii . the abstracts should not be longer than 300 words . they must be typewritten , double-spaced , and the copies may be xeroxed . iii . a statement of the topic or purpose of the paper should be included , preferably as the first paragraph . a . if your paper involves the analysis of linguistic materials , give appropriate examples , along with a brief indication of why they are important to your argument . b . if your paper is to present the results of experiments and you do not yet have those results , indicate the nature of the experiments and why the results will be significant . c . state the relevance of your ideas to past work or to the future development of the field . d . state your conclusion ( however tentative ) ; avoid saying things like "" a solution to this problem will be presented . "" if you are taking a stand on a controversial issue , do not simply say which side you take ; summarize the arguments that lead you to take this position . name : affiliation : mailing address : title of paper : indicate special equipment needs : all papers for this meeting should be designed for 20 minutes delivery time . abstracts must arrive at the secol office no later than 7 december 1998 . send six copies of your abstract to : marvin ching or joan weatherly southeastern conference on linguistics department of english the university of memphis memphis , tn 38152
",0
2129,"Subject: semantics / syntax : modality in saami
 
 "" memoires de la societe finno - ougrienne "" , vol . 231 : arja koskinen , toiminnan valttamattomyys ja mahdollisuus . pohjoissaamen modaalisten ilmausten semantiikkaa ja syntaksia . [ phd thesis : turku 1998 . ] ( isbn 952-5150 - 21 - 6 ) [ abstract : the necessity and possibility of action . the semantics and syntax of modal expressions in northern saami . ] 271 p . available from tiedekirja bookstore : tiedekirja @ pp . kolumbus . fi for complete backlists ( including online abstracts ) see http : / / www . helsinki . fi / jarj / sus / - - - - - - - - - johanna laakso < johanna . laakso @ helsinki . fi > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - helsingin yliopisto , suomalais - ugrilainen laitos - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http : / / www . helsinki . fi / ~ jolaakso / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
2130,"Subject: second language acquisition
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * links & letters issue 7 : autonomy in l2 language learning call for papers contributions are welcomed for the 2000 issue of links and letters , the core of which will be devoted to the development of autonomy in l2 language learning in any of its manifestations . a large number of areas of interest are relevant to the subject : self-directed learning , self-access learning , learner training , learner strategies and strategic training , learners ' beliefs , developing autonomy accross cultures , open learning and computer assisted language learning ( including e - mail and internet applications for autonomous l2 learning ) , among others . there will also be the possibility of publishing articles of special interest in other areas of sla / applied linguistics within a miscellany section . we welcome survey articles , articles which present a debate within their field , research articles , or articles which make recent research accessible to the non-specialist . we also welcome reviews of recent books ( published since 1995 ) relevant to the issue . other proposals , such as interviews and annotated bibliographies will also be considered . * articles : between 15 and 20 written pages ( 30 lines / 60 spaces per line ) , 3 copies , in english . * reviews : maximum length 4 pages ( 30 lines / 60 spaces per line ) , 3 copies , in english . * squibs : maximum length 8 pages ( 30 lines / 60 spaces per line ) , 3 copies , in english . deadline : april 30 , 1999 . if you wish to contribute , please contact us for further style sheet / electronic format specifications : links and letters issue 7 : mia victori ( issue editor ) . departament de filologia anglesa i de germanstica , facultat de lletres , edifici b , universitat autnoma de barcelona , 080193 bellaterra , barcelona ( spain ) . phone : ( 34 3 ) 581 15 67 / 581 27 85 fax : ( 34 3 ) 581 20 01 e - mail : ilfi3 @ cc . uab . es links & letters further information : links & letters is a refereed journal in the field of english studies . each issue is organised around a topic , and the philosophy of the journal is to try to make often complex topics accessible to an interdisciplinary public . besides the articles and review sections , there is an interview section with one or more well-known scholars in the field answering questions . from issue 3 on there is a bibliography section with a selected and commented bibliography of key publications ( books and periodicals ) in the field aimed at orienting the interested reader who would like to know more . finally there is an open notes and news section : short squibs and replies to previous issues are welcome , information about forthcoming events , new publications , and anything else our readers would like to make of it . remember . . . the aims of links & letters are * to connect specialists and non specialists alike by making specialised disciplines accessible to an interdisciplinary public * to make complex areas simpler and more understandable * to be open to readers ' needs and ideas * to keep former students in touch with what 's going on in the academic world subscriptions : we welcome subscriptions at the following rate per issues 1 - 4 : 2000 ptas . ( $ 16 approx . ) , & 5 : 2700 ( $ 19 approx . ) per issue , mail charges not included . please write to links & letters ( subscriptions ) at the editor 's address or e-mail : ilfib @ cc . uab . es exchanges : we welcome institutional exchanges . enquiries should be addressed to links & letters ( exchanges ) at the above address , or e-mail : ilfib @ cc . uab . es
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2131,"Subject: african language association of southern africa
 
 call for papers 10th international biennial conference of the african language association of southern africa general the african language association of southern africa ( alasa ) was established on 26 july 1979 at a special business meeting during the third africa languages congress of the university of south africa ( unisa ) . in 1999 , twenty years later , the department of african languages of unisa will have the privilege of hosting the 10th international biennial conference of the african language association of southern africa in pretoria , south africa . conference theme : new millennium - new paradigms papers papers on prevalent issues within the study of literature and linguistics in african languages are invited for presentation . papers should not exceed 20 minutes followed by 10 minutes for discussion . potential speakers are requested to submit a typed two page summary of the paper with enough detail to ensure acceptance after adjudication ; and an abstract of 150 to 200 words for publication purposes before 1 march 1999 . successful applicants will be notified in mid - april 1999 . receipt of all summaries and abstracts will be acknowledged . pre-conference tutorials on 5 and 6 july 1999 various pre-conference tutorials will take place . details will be announced . registration the closing date for early registration for the conference is 30 may 1999 . registration fees will be announced in january 1999 . accommodation accommodation will be available in reasonably priced technikon guest houses on the unisa campus , as well as in other guest houses and hotels in the vicinity . details will be given in january 1999 . second circular a second call for papers as well as more details on the programme , keynote speakers , social events , transport , fees payable and so forth , will be included in the second circular in january 1999 . if you wish to receive the second circular , please reply to the relevant address below before 15 december 1998 . sonja bosch ( alasa 99 ) department of african languages unisa po box 392 0003 pretoria south africa tel : + 27-12 - 429 8253 fax : + 27-12 - 429 3355 e-mail : boschse @ alpha . unisa . ac . za www . unisa . ac . za / alasa / index . html
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2132,"Subject: sound patterns of spontaneous speech
 
 sposs sound patterns of spontaneous speech : production and perception aix en provence , france , 24-25 - 26 september 1998 the european speech communication association ( esca ) has identified the area of sound patterns of spontaneous speech as an important area of current research . an esca workshop is being organised in aix en provence with this focus . contributions should describe and explain spontaneous speech processes and their perception at the word , phrase and sentence level in a wide variety of languages . workshop theme : during the last decades , descriptions of spontaneous speech mainly focused on the reduction and assimilation of speech segments to adjacent segment . reduction and assimilatory processes of spontaneous speech are the products of gesture economy and physical constraints . they are also constrained by the phonetic , phonological , and prosodic specificities of languages and dialects . therefore , this workshop is aimed at contributing to the description and the understanding of the production and perception of spontaneous speech processes in various languages . the workshop will be centred around the following topics : - acoustic and articulatory analysis of spontaneous-speech processes - prosodic information and spontaneous-speech processes - perception of reduction and assimilatory processes - modelling format of the workshop : this will be an international workshop within a limited number of active participants , i . e . priority will be given to persons with accepted papers . each session will be introduced by a tutorial presentation by an invited expert . most papers will be presented in plenary sessions with time for demonstration and discussion . other papers will be presented in poster sessions followed by plenary discussions . workshop site : sposs will take place in a conference centre located in the area of aix en provence in ten minute ` s drive from aix en provence . bus transportation to and from the centre will be provided every day . detailed logistic information will be distributed to all registered participants . proceedings and languages : the contributions to the workshop will be published in a workshop proceedings which will be available to participants at the time of the workshop . as the new french law ( loi toubon ) requires , they will include french abstracts . the official languages of the workshop will be english and french . registration fees : the fee for the workshop , including proceedings , lunches , bus tranportation to and from the conference centre and the sposs reception is 1700 ff , with a 300 ff reduction for esca members . students with a certificate of their status will pay 750 ff with a 100 ff reduction for esca student members . registration for non - esca members includes a complementary membership for 1998 . important dates : march 31 , 1998 : preliminary registration and deadline for submission of title and abstract . may 15 , 1998 : notification of acceptance , imstructions for authors , information on accomodation . september 1 , 1998 : imperative deadline for early registration and for 4 page camera-ready paper . september 10 , 1998 : preliminary program e-mailed . september 24-25 - 26 : worshop . european speech communication association ( esca ) : esca is a non-profit organisation for promoting speech communication science and technology in a european context . a limited number of grants for participation is available . more information is available though : e-mail : esca @ icp . inpg . fr hrrp : / / ophale . icp . inpg . fr / esca / international scientific committee : andrew butcher ( aust ) olle engstrand ( sw ) wolfgang hess ( ger ) klaus kohler ( ger ) florien koopmans - van beinum ( ned ) bjorn lindblom ( sw ) joaquim llisterri ( sp ) francis nolan ( uk ) john ohala ( usa ) louis pols ( ned ) willy serniclaes ( bel ) jacqueline vaissiere ( fr ) organising committee : danielle duez , lpl bernard teston , lpl marie - helene casanova-rossi , lpl annie rival , lpl martin brousseau , lpl worshop secretariat : for all correspondence concerning the workshop , please use the following address : sposs att . danielle duez laboratoire parole et langage , cnrs esa-6057 universite de provence 29 , avenue robert shuman 13621 aix en provence france . phone : + 33 04 42 95 36 23 fax : + 33 04 42 59 50 96 e-mail : sposs @ lpl . univ-aix . fr furteher information will only be sent to ( preliminary ) registerd participants . updated information will also be available on : http : / / www . lpl . univ-aix . fr .
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2133,"Subject: sle 31
 
 call for papers , sle 31 , st andrews , scotland , 26-30 august 1998 workshop on modality in generative grammar the description and analysis of modality is of central interest to the study of human language . modality interacts with many subsystems of syntax and a better understanding of modality would further our understanding of these subsystems greatly . the relevant subsystems play a role in the existing analyses of the epistemic-deontic dichotomy . this has been attributed to : ( i ) argument structure ( e . g . ross 1969 ) : epistemic modals are one-place predicates ( corresponding to raising verbs syntactically ) , whereas deontic modals are two-place predicates ( corresponding to control verbs syntactically ) . ( ii ) insertion position : epistemic modals are generated in i , deontic modals in v ( e . g . picallo 1990 ) . ( iii ) lf position : epistemic modals are in c , deontic modals in vp ( e . g . mcdowell 1987 ) . ( iv ) nature of the complement of a modal : a definite verbal complement with epistemic modals and an indefinite verbal complement with deontic modals ( e . g . barbiers 1995 ) . v ) pragmatics : the dichotomy is contextually determined and does not correspond to a syntactic difference ( kratzer 1989 ) . many questions still need to be answered before a sufficiently adequate analysis can be developed . as for argument structure , it should be asked what evidence we have that each modal has two different argument structures . if such evidence exists , are these argument structures represented in the lexicon , as in theta-theoretic accounts , or only syntactically ? related questions concern the categorial status of modals ( a special category aux in english , but main verbs in german and dutch ) , the selectional restrictions they impose on their complement ( semantically uniform , but not syntactically : only verbal complements in english , no categorial restrictions in dutch , verbal and certain prepositional complements in german and afrikaans ) . as for their syntactic position at surface structure or lf , we need to know more about the ( scopal ) interaction of modals with negation . it is clear that there is a tight connection between modality and negation / affirmation : many languages have a modal that behaves as an negative polarity item ( english ` need ' , german ` brauchen ' , dutch ` hoeven ' ) . a related issue is the interaction of modals with focus particles , especially those that have a negative or affirmative import , such as english ` only ' or french ` bien ' . it seems that such focus particles can alter the syntactic and semantic behaviour of modals . the ( scopal ) interaction of modals with other quantifiers and modals with question operators is also in need of a better description and analysis . it has been claimed that question formation and epistemic modality exclude each other . although this does not seem to hold in general , question formation and epistemic modality do seem to restrict each other in ways that are poorly understood . the interaction of modal verbs with modal adverbials is also relevant for the determination of the syntactic position of modals , particulary in view of cinque 's ( 1997 ) hypothesis that every sentence contains two modal projections that must be either filled by a modal adverbial in the specifier or by a modal verb in the head . many languages have a construction with ` have to ' or ` be to ' that involves a modal interpretation . such constructions do not generally have an epistemic interpretation ( but consider english ` he was never to see her again ' , dutch ` het is te verwachten dat . . . ' ` it is to be expected that . . . ' ) . there are a great many cross-linguistic peculiarities on this point , which are worth exploring . for example , one question is how this type of construction , lacking a visible modal element , yields a modal interpretation . there is a more general question concerning modality : which properties of modals are necessary for modality and which are accidental ? cross - linguistically , modals often have a irregular present tense inflection paradigm . it is unclear whether this is a necessary property of modals and if so , why . the fact that english modals are auxilaries but modals in other languages are not is presumably an accidental property , and so is the fact that english modals lack infinitives and participles in their paradigm , whereas dutch modals do have infinitival and participial forms ( except for the verb ` zullen ' ` will ' ) . as it seems that the bulk of generative studies of modality involves germanic languages , we particularly invite papers on modality in romance and central european languages . organizers : sjef barbiers ( leiden ) , frits beukema ( leiden ) , olga tomic ( novi sad ) , milena milojevic sheppard ( ljubljana ) , marija golden ( ljubljana ) . please submit abstract ( 1 a4 max ) to : professor olga miseska tomic bulevar avnoja 109 / iii , stan 16 beograd yu 11070 yugoslavija e - mail : efilb01 @ yubgss21 . bg . ac . yu & dr sjef barbiers hil / department of dutch studies p . n . van eyckhof 3 leiden , nl 2300 ra the netherlands e - mail : barbiers @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl & dr frits beukema hil / department of english p . n . van eyckhof 4 leiden , nl 2300 ra the netherlands e - mail : beukema @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl closing date for submission of abstract : 15 may 1998 date of acceptance / rejection of abstract : 1 july 1998
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2134,"Subject: language and speech , vol 41 no 2
 
 language and speech volume 41 no 2 april - june 1998 the structure and development of french prosodic representations 117 claire gerard & juliette clement syntactic persistence in dutch 143 robert j . hartsuiker & herman h . j . kolk metrical segmentation in dutch : vowel quality or stress ? 185 hugo quene & mariette l . koster when can listeners detect disfluency in spontaneous speech ? 203 r . j . lickley & e . g . bard ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ heather b . king editorial assistant language and speech department of linguistics tel : ( + 44 ) 0131 - 650 3954 university of edinburgh fax : ( + 44 ) 0131 - 650 3962 adam ferguson building , george square e-mail : lgsp @ ling . ed . ac . uk edinburgh eh8 9ll , scotland , uk http : / / www . ling . ed . ac . uk / ~ lgsp ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
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2135,"Subject: semantics ; a network theory of reference , kiyoshi ishikawa
 
 a network theory of reference kiyoshi ishikawa ( hosei university ) noting specific inadequacies with truth-conditional approaches , ishikawa develops a dynamic theory of reference incorporating features of discourse representation theory , file change semantics and situation semantics , and also deals with non-monotonic belief revision . he argues that the task of natural language semantics is to describe meaning in terms of the psychological relation of language to our cognition of external reality . in his approach , a linguistic expression 's meaning is its potential to change the information state of a cognitive agent . reference is not understood as a link to a real individual external to an agent , but as the agent 's act to link a character in a linguistic frame of individuation to characters in other ( linguistic or nonlinguistic ) frames . as the target of inquiry , the distinction between referential and attributive uses of definite descriptions is analyzed through the construction of conversation scenarios . in addition , ishikawa extends his theory to an analysis of belief and attitude reports . application of the theory to cleft and pseudocleft constructions is also outlined . presented in a very accessible style , ishikawa 's theory will be of interest to scholars in cognitive science / artificial intelligence and philosophy as well as linguistics . ( perfect - bound , 139 pp . ) prepaid orders by u . s . check or money order : $ 20 . 00 + p&h : $ 3 . 50 us , $ 5 . 00 can , $ 5 . 50 other . iulc publications , 720 e . atwater ave . , bloomington , in 47401 usa email < iulc @ indiana . edu > http : / / php . indiana . edu / ~ iulc /
",0
2136,"Subject: kpelle dictionary , elizabeth grace winkler
 
 kpelle - english dictionary with english - kpelle glossary elizabeth grace winkler ( indiana university - bloomington ) this dictionary of kpelle as spoken in bong county , liberia was prepared with the assistance of clara jimmy - samba , a native speaker of the language . kpelle is part of the mande branch of the western sudanic subgroup of the niger congo family and is representative of mande languages in many ways , including the absence of noun class markers and the presence of five tonal melodies . as kplelle is not a written language , dictionary entries ( over 1 , 100 ) are given in phonetic transcription . also included are comments on the sound system and grammar of kpelle . prepaid orders by u . s . check or money order : $ 4 . 00 + p&h : $ 3 . 50 us , $ 5 . 00 can , $ 5 . 50 other . # 97101 , 101 pp . iulc publications , 720 e . atwater ave . , bloomington , in 47401 usa email < iulc @ indiana . edu > http : / / php . indiana . edu / ~ iulc /
",0
2137,"Subject: first issue of language and linguistics
 
 language and linguistics issue 1 , 1998 studies in comparative linguistics edited by moha ennaji table des matires / contents moha ennaji introduction frederick newmeyer preposition stranding : parametric variation and pragmatics fatima sadiqi the syntactic nature and position of object clitics in berber mohamed khalil ennassiri is arabic a v2 language ? andrzej zaborski personal pronoun systems and their origin in some languages of ethiopia fouad brigui les rapports associatifs saussuriens : paradigmes ou syntagmes ? moubarak hanoune la pause en arabe et categories syntaxiques ( in arabic ) for further contact , please write to : professor moha ennaji e-mail : estry @ fesnet . net . ma fax : + 212 46 08 44 university of fes faculte des lettres 1 bp 50 fes morocco for more information about the new journal , please consult : http : / / www . fesnet . net . ma / lang-ling
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2138,"Subject: silverman book review
 
 silverman , daniel . ( 1997 ) . phasing and recoverability . outstanding dissertations in linguistics series . new york : garland publishing . 242 pages . reviewed by stefan frisch , university of michigan . this book is a revised version of the author 's 1995 ucla dissertation . the primary thesis defended by silverman is that auditory salience plays an important role in explaining the typology of phonological segment inventories . the relative phasing of laryngeal and supralaryngeal gestures is examined as a case study . silverman demonstrates there is a typological preference for phasing patterns in which the gestures are optimally recoverable . further , he proposes that sub-optimal patterns are only found in inventories where the optimal patterns are also present . ( note that silverman does not crucially adopt the segment as a phonological primitive . he is concerned primarily with gestures and their realization in a system of syntagmatic contrasts . the terms 's egment ' and 's egment inventory ' are used only for expository convenience . ) synopsis : chapter 1 . introduction this chapter introduces the primary thesis : cross - linguistically , laryngeal and supralaryngeal gestures are phased to make their values maximally auditorily salient . silverman argues that parallel production of contrastive gestures is informationally optimal , but only if those gestures are auditorily recoverable . in cases where parallel production would make contrastive values unrecoverable , gestures are serially sequenced . for example , in aspirated stops , laryngeal abduction is sequences to follow the stop closure , resulting in broadband noise . if laryngeal abduction and stop closure were simultaneous , the state of the larynx would not be recoverable from the resulting acoustic signal ( silence ) . silverman also introduces the ' gestural score ' notation of articulatory phonology ( browman & goldstein , 1986 ) used in the description of the gestural patterns . each gestural score is accompanied by a set of temporally aligned descriptions of acoustic cues which highlight the importance of the recoverability of the gestures . the resulting segmental percept is also given , to highlight whether all of the contrastive segmental information has been effectively transmitted . using this notation , he exemplifies the four logically possible phasing patterns : parallel , sequenced , expanded , or truncated . in the parallel phasing pattern , two gestures are phased to be fully simultaneous . in the sequenced pattern , two gestures are serially ordered . in the expanded pattern , one gesture both begins before and ends after another . in the truncated pattern , one gesture is phased to be simultaneous with a portion ( beginning or end ) of another gesture . chapter 2 . previous work in this chapter , silverman reviews previous research on articulatory timing , auditory response to acoustic signals , and the relevance of auditory contrastiveness to segmental inventories . two results are of particular importance . first , a combination of auditory factors favor patterns where low intensity signals are followed by high intensity signals . second , languages employ contrasts which are maximally auditorily distinct . chapter 3 . obstruents and laryngeal gestures this chapter contains typological evidence to support silverman 's thesis . cross - linguistically , laryngeal gestures of abduction or constriction are overwhelmingly phased to follow supralaryngeal constriction , which maximizes the recoverability of both gestures . the sub-optimal pattern , where the laryngeal gesture precedes the stop release is found only when the optimal pattern is also present . for obstruents , which have a minimum of acoustic energy to work with , these are the only two phasing patterns . chapter 4 . sonorants and laryngeal gestures sonorants have a greater amount of acoustic energy , and so laryngeal gestures can overlap with supralaryngeal gestures . the most attested pattern , for languages which do have a laryngeal contrast for sonorants , is for the laryngeal gesture to be truncated to the beginning portion of the supralaryngeal gesture . parallel to the obstruent case , this phasing pattern puts the low-energy breathy or glottalized portion of the sonorant before the high-energy modally-voiced portion , maximizing auditory salience . again , the less optimal pattern truncates the laryngeal gesture to the latter portion of the supralaryngeal gesture . ordinarily , the laryngeal and supralaryngeal gestures are not completely overlapped , as contrastive supralaryngeal gestures ( such as nasal place of articulation , for example ) would be rendered non - recoverable . however , an interesting special case is found in laterals . due to the formant structure of laterals , languages generally do not have contrasts in their place of articulation . thus , in some cases ( e . g . zulu ) , contrastive laryngeal gestures are realized fully parallel with the supralaryngeal gesture . a similar pattern is found for coda nasals in comaltapec chinantec , where the place of articulation is contextually determined . in contrast to onset nasals , which have contrastive place of articulation , laryngeal abduction is realized in parallel with the supralaryngeal gesture in coda nasals and no contrasts are lost . chapter 5 . vowels and laryngeal gestures in this chapter , vowels with contrastive laryngeal gestures are discussed . silverman claims that , since vowels have an abundance of acoustic energy , laryngeal gestures can be implemented in parallel with supralaryngeal gestures without loss of auditory contrast . however , this pattern is auditorily the least optimal . like the sonorant case , the optimal pattern is for the laryngeal gesture to be truncated to the beginning portion of the vowel , resulting in ? v or hv sequences . less optimal is the opposite phasing pattern , resulting in v ? or vh . typologically hv is indeed much more prevalent than voiceless vowels or vh ( and similarly for laryngeal constriction ) . the bulk of the chapter ( and the book ) is devoted to ' laryngeally complex ' vowels in the otomanguean languages . the term larygeally complex is used for vowels which realize both contrastive phonation ( breathy or creaky ) and tone . one example , comaltapec chinantec , has eight vowel qualities with five tonal qualities and two voice qualities . in addition , this language has nasalization and a length contrast which leads to 320 possible realizations of the nucleus . not surprisingly , words in this language are generally monosyllabic , and nucleus quality is used to differentiate many of the lexical contrasts . silverman argues that simultaneous realization of breathiness / creakiness and tone would render the tone contrasts unrecoverable . the cross-linguistically prevalent pattern is for the laryngeal contrast to be truncated to the beginning of the vowel , which is auditorily optimal . the tone is then saliently realized during modal phonation in the latter portion of the vowel . the opposite sequencing , with the laryngeal after the tonal contrast ( and modal phonation ) is also attested . silverman finds only two cases where tonal and laryngeal contrasts are executed simultaneously ( the tibeto - burman languages mpi and tamang ) . in one of those cases , there are only two tones , so tonal contrasts may not be in as much danger , as the tones would be more distinct than in the case of comaltapec chinantec , with eight tones . critical evaluation : overall , this is an inspirational volume demonstrating the importance of auditory / phonetic explanation for phonological patterning . it is one of the first of a series of ucla dissertations on this topic , which together address a wide range of phonological phenomena . silverman 's analysis bridges the phonetics / phonology gap in a number of ways . for example , an arbitrary number of phasing differences , which might be dismissed as ' phonetic implementation ' , are shown to be reducible to a small set that can be phonologically contrastive . this reduction , via the more abstract temporal relationships of simultaneity and precedence , nicely complements work in speech perception on the cross-linguistic ( and cross-species ) robustness of the categorical perception of voice onset time continua ( kuhl & miller , 1975 ; pisoni , 1977 ) . to its credit , this book contains over a dozen reasonably detailed case studies on the realization of laryngeal contrasts in different languages . in many cases , recordings were available so the presence of the phasing relationships were verified , and spectrograms of appropriate examples are given . these case studies often address potential counterexamples to silverman 's typological claims . for example , the mon - khmer language chong possesses coda stops with contrastive creakiness , but creakiness is realized only in the non-optimal way as a pre-glottalized stop . in the chong case , however , other aspects of the morphophonology require the non-optimal realization to avoid loss of contrast . in particular , coda stops are obligatorily unreleased , and the language is non-suffixing . due to these additional constraints , post-glottalized phasing would not saliently encode the larygneal contrast . this type of constraint interaction is quite compatible with the general approach of optimality theory ( prince & smolensky , 1993 ) , and in fact the original version of this dissertation presented constraint tableau in such cases . the proposed constraints are quite broad and were informally described , so the optimality theoretic analysis did not add to the exposition , and the book reads more easily without it . despite the lack of a formalist analysis , this book raises a number of issues which are relevant to current formal concerns . in the otomanguean language copala trique there are different phasing relationships between vocalic and laryngeal gestures . the laryngeal gestures ( breathiness and creakiness ) can be truncated to the first portion of the vowel , the second portion of the vowel , or can ' interrupt ' the vowel , appearing in the middle . these three locations for a laryngeal gesture support lexical contrasts , and there is clear evidence that the interrupted vowels are monosyllabic . encoding these three configurations using more abstract representations than articulatory phonology is no trivial task . in addition , the correspondence theory approach to faithfulness considers segmentally aligned and ordered input and output ( mccarthy & prince , 1995 ) . the presence of relatively small but contrastive differences in phasing require subsegmental correspondence relations between the input and output . another missing aspect of an optimality theoretic analysis would be a factorial typology of constraint interactions . while silverman 's coverage is quite extensive , i would be interested in seeing a discussion of the pros and cons for each logical possibility in phasing between laryngeal and supralaryngeal gestures . such a discussion will eventually be needed in order to determine whether the silverman 's proposal is is truly predictive , or just informally defined to the extent that any observed pattern could be explained . in a few instances , silverman makes use of the upsid database of segmental inventories ( maddieson , 1986 ) to demonstrate that the typological predictions are satisfied . unfortunately , quantitative differences are not reported in most cases . while sufficient data may not be available , a quantitative analysis is desirable in order to address a current question in work on phonetic explanation for phonological patterns : are non-optimal patterns avoided to the degree that they are non-optimal ? in other words , is the hypothesized functional force of auditory recoverability transparently reflected in the patterns within and across languages , or is it ' phonologized ' in some way by the language learner such that there is no quantitative relationship ? the answer to this question has implications for the architecture of the phonetically grounded grammar , as quantitative constraints or quantitative constraint rankings would be required . this book touches on a number of other very important issues that should be topics of ongoing research . the central role of the recoverability of contrasts leads inevitably to the question : what is a contrast ? assuming the psychological reality of the segment provides a simple answer , but one which is not entirely correct . the three contrastive phasing relationships in copala trique are not amenable to a segmental analysis . in chong , a combination of coda unrelease and lack of suffixation is claimed to lead to pre-glottalized stops . this case is contrasted with korean , where there is some suffixation , and post-glottalized stops are maintained in that environment but neutralized elsewhere . i wonder how frequent the neutralizing environment must be before a non-optimal pattern becomes necessary or the contrast is lost ? why is n't the laryngeal gesture phased before the stop closure in the neutralizing environment , but after in the non-neutralizing environment ? perhaps some other constraint is involved here . in many of the case studies given , the simple syllable structure and monosyllabic tendencies of the languages are mentioned as reasons why complex and non-optimal phasing relations are found at all ( in most cases , the optimal recoverability of supralaryngeal gestures is found if contrastive laryngeal gestures are not used at all ) . this suggests that there is some minimal set of contrasts required to create a sufficient number of open class items for a language to be a useful communication system , and that differences in syllable structure , word length , and segmental inventory size interact in some fashion to this end . the answers to these deeper questions appear to be closer to our understanding when the phonological system is conceptualized as implied in this book , as a combinatorial system of articulatory / acoustic contrasts highly constrained by a variety of functional factors . references : browman , c . p . & goldstein , l . ( 1986 ) . towards an articulatory phonology . phonology yearbook 3 : 219-252 . kuhl , p . k . & miller , j . d . ( 1975 ) . speech perception by the chinchilla : voiced - voiceless distinction in alveolar plosive consonants . science 190 : 69-72 . mccarthy , j . j . & prince , a . ( 1995 ) . faithfulness and reduplicative identity . papers in optimality theory . university of massachusetts occasional papers 18 . amherst , ma : glsa . pp . 249-384 . pisoni , d . b . ( 1977 ) . identification and discrimination of the relative onset time of two component tones : implications for voicing perception in stops . journal of the acoustical society of america 61 : 1352-1361 . prince , a . & smolensky , p . ( 1993 ) . optimality theory : constraint interaction in generative phonology . rutgers university center for cognitive science technical reports 2 . new brunswick , nj : ruccs . reviewer : stefan frisch , language learning visiting research assistant professor , program in linguistics , university of michigan . ph . d . , northwestern university , 1996 . research interests include phonetics , phonology , psycholinguistics , and computational linguistics . reviewer 's address : stefan frisch program in linguistics university of michigan 1076 frieze building 105 s . state st . ann arbor , mi 48109-1285 safrisch @ umich . edu http : / / www-personal . umich . edu / ~ sfrisch
",0
2139,"Subject: phonetics and phonology
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * announcing : chiphon ' 99 ' new syntheses : multidisciplinary approaches to basic units of speech ' friday , april 23 , 1999 , at the university of chicago presented by the workshop on theory and data in speech research , in conjunction with cls 35 invited speakers : john ohala , university of california , berkeley joseph perkell , massachusetts institute of technology * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * in phonetic and phonological analyses , linguists define primitive units to advance their understanding of linguistic structure . these units have generally been used as starting points by studies of speech processing . at the same time , alternative lines of research , such as studies of the physiology and neurophysiology of speech production and perception , contribute additional information to our understanding of the mental representations of speech . this panel seeks to synthesize findings from linguistics and other fields which investigate linguistic behavior , to determine whether these findings can be used as evidence for a unified theory of the units of speech processing . we invite papers which address questions such as the following : 1 ) how do speech processing units mediate between universal and language-specific information ? do they account for isolated forms and connected speech phenomena equally well ? 2 ) how closely do the primitive units assumed by linguists match those assumed by researchers in other fields ? what is the source of the differences ? 3 ) are the units used to account for speech production equally successful in accounting for speech perception ? 4 ) how does evidence for linguistic primitives from speech and hearing pathologies , speech perturbations , l1 and l2 acquisition , psycholinguistics , and connectionist modeling , or other related fields , contribute to the above questions ? for further information : http : / / cas . uchicago . edu / workshop55 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * submission information : please submit ten copies of a one-page , 500 - word , anonymous abstract for a twenty-minute paper ( optionally , one additional page for data and / or references may be appended ) , along with a 3 "" x 5 "" card with : 1 . your name 2 . affiliation 3 . address , phone number , and email address 4 . title of paper 5 . an indication that the paper is intended for the chiphon panel the abstract should be as specific as possible , and it should clearly indicate the data covered , outline arguments presented , and include any broader implications of the work . an individual may present at most one single and one co-authored paper . authors must submit a camera-ready copy of the paper at the time of the conference in order to be considered for publication . only a selection of papers presented at cls 35 will be published . deadline for receipt of abstracts is february 1 , 1999 . send abstracts to : chicago linguistic society 1010 e . 59th street chicago , il 60637 ( 773 ) 702-8529 information on email submission and additional guidelines for abstracts may be obtained by visiting the cls website at http : / / humanities . uchicago . edu / humanities / cls / cls . html , by writing to the above address , or via email from cls @ diderot . uchicago . edu . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
2140,"Subject: pragmatics / extended deadline
 
 extended deadline - december 1 , 1998 : call for papers pragma99 international pragmatics conference on pragmatics and negotiation june 13-16 , 1999 tel aviv university and hebrew university of jerusalem tel aviv and jerusalem israel the main theme of this conference is the pragmatics of negotiation , interpreted in a very broad sense . interlocutors engage in negotiations about every aspect of their interaction - such as floor access and topic selection , contextual assumptions , conversational goals , and the ( mis ) interpretation and repair of their messages . topics such as cross-cultural and cross-gender ( mis ) communications , conversational procedures in disputes and collaborations , argumentation practices , and effects of assumptions and goals on the negotiating strategies of interlocutors are of special interest for this conference . the conference will be interdisciplinary , bringing together pragmaticists , linguists , philosophers , anthropologists , sociologists and political scientists . we are soliciting papers on all issues relevant to the theme of the conference , as well as papers in other areas of pragmatics and dialogue analysis . the conference will include plenary addresses , regular session lectures , and organized panels around any of the relevant topics . among the plenary speakers : elinor ochs ( ucla ) , itamar rabinovitch ( tel aviv university ) , emanual schegloff ( ucla ) , thomas schelling ( university of maryland ) , deborah schiffrin ( georgetown university ) , deborah tannen ( georgetown university ) , ruth wodak ( university of vienna ) . presentation of regular session lectures is 30 minutes long , with a subsequent discussion of 10 minutes . panels take the form of a series of closely related lectures on a specific topic , which may or may not be directly related to the special topic of the conference . they may consist of one , two or three units of 120 minutes . within each panel unit a maximum of four 20 - minute presentations are given consecutively , followed by a minimum of 30 minutes of discussion ( either devoted entirely to an open discussion , or taken up in part by comments by a discussant or discussants ) . panels are composed of contributions attracted by panel organizers , combined with individually submitted papers when judged appropriate by the program committee in consultation with the panel organizers . typically , written versions or extensive outlines of all panel contributions should be available before the conference to facilitate discussion . submissions abstracts for papers and panels should be submitted in the following format : 1 . for papers - five copies of an anonymous abstract ( up to 300 words ) . 2 . for panels - a preliminary proposal of one page , detailing title , area of interest , name of organizer ( s ) and invited participants to be sent by sept . 30 , 1998 . organizers of approved panels will then be invited to submit a full set of abstracts , including : a . a brief description of the topic area , b . a list of participants ( with full details , see below ) , c . abstracts by each of the participants by november 1 , 1998 . 3 . in all cases , a page stating : a . title , b . audiovisual / computer request , and c . for each author : i . full name and affiliation ; ii . current address ; iii . e - mail address ; iv . fax number . deadline for submission of abstracts : dec . 1 , 1998 . abstracts may be sent by hard copy , disk , or e-mail to pragma99 , faculty of humanities , tel aviv university , tel aviv 69978 , israel . e - mail : pragma99 @ post . tau . ac . il date of notification : march 1 , 1999 . program committee : mira ariel , hava bat - zeev shyldkrot , jonathan berg , anat biletzki , shoshana blum - kulka , marcelo dascal , nomi erteschik - shir , tamar katriel , ruth manor , george - elia sarfati , elda weizman , yael ziv . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = pragma99 registration form please send the following information , accompanied by cheque payable to tel - aviv university in the amount of us $ 75 if paid before november 1 , 1998 , otherwise us $ 100 , to pragma99 faculty of humanities tel aviv university tel aviv 69978 , israel dr . / mr . / mrs . / ms . / name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ university / organization : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( home ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( office ) telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( home ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( office ) signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ those wishing to pay by credit card should provide the following information : type of credit card : mastercard / visa / american express name as it appears on credit card : sum of paymnt : us $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card no . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ those wishing to present a paper should follow the instructions above . hotel information will be provided after registration . the international association for dialogue analysis is co-sponsoring a part of our conference , which will be devoted to "" negotiation as a dialogic concept . "" for further information , contact edda weigand ( e-mail : weigand @ uni-muenster . de ) . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = [ forms can also be returned by fax to 972 - 3-6407839 , or by e-mail to pragma99 @ post . tau . ac . il . ]
",0
2141,"Subject: artificial intelligence
 
 k b c s-98 call for participation international conference on knowledge based computer systems national centre for software technology mumbai , india december 17-19 , 1998 the international conference on knowledge based computer systems will be held in mumbai , india during december 17-19 , 1998 . the conference is intended to act as a forum for promoting interaction among researchers in the field of artificial intelligence in india and abroad . there will be a two day conference during december 17-18 , 1998 followed by a day of post-conference tutorial on december 19 , 1998 . papers were submitted to the conference on the following topics . o ai applications o ai architectures o automatic programming o cognitive modeling o expert systems o foundations of ai o genetic algorithms o information retrieval o intelligent agents o intelligent tutoring systems o knowledge acquisition o knowledge management o knowledge representation o machine learning o machine translation o natural language processing o neural networks o planning and scheduling o reasoning o robotics o search techniques o speech processing o theorem proving o uncertainty handling o vision about 30 papers will be presented during the conference . post - conference tutorial the tutorial will be conducted on december 19 , 1998 at ncst , juhu , mumbai . o an introduction to information extraction - ( 11 am to 6 pm ) amit bagga , ge corporate r & d centre , usa programme committee s . ramani , ncst , mumbai ( chair ) r . uthurusamy , gmr labs , usa ( co - chair ) k . s . r . anjaneyulu , ncst , mumbai s . arunkumar , iit , mumbai amitava bagchi , iim , calcutta pushpak bhattacharya , iit , mumbai nick cercone , u of regina , canada b . b . chaudhuri , isi , calcutta r . chandrasekar , u of pennsylvania , usa s . k . goyal , gte labs , usa s . sen gupta , tata infotech , mumbai j . r . isaac , niit , new delhi aravind k . joshi , u of pennsylvania , usa h . n . mahabala , infosys , bangalore m . narasimha murthy , iisc , bangalore r . narasimhan , cmc , bangalore p . v . s . rao , tifr , mumbai p . saint - dizier , u of paul sabatier , france r . sangal , iit , kanpur m . vidyasagar , cair , bangalore organizing committee george arakal , ncst ( chair ) dhawal bhagwat , ncst s . karthik , ncst parag a . mahadane , ncst mandar padhye , ncst p . ravi prakash , ncst durgesh d . rao , ncst m . sasikumar , ncst puneet srivastava , ncst registration last date for registration is 11th december 1998 . on - site registration will be subject to availability of seats . all payments should be made by a crossed mumbai cheque or a demand draft , payable to kbcs-98 . fees conference students : rs 600 delegates from not-for - profit : rs 800 organisations other delegates : rs 1200 tutorials full day : rs 700 for further information please refer to the kbcs-98 home page or write to the kbcs-98 secretariat . address kbcs-98 secretariat phone : + 91 ( 22 ) 620 1606 national centre for software technology fax : + 91 ( 22 ) 621 0139 gulmohar cross rd no . 9 e - mail : kbcs @ konark . ncst . ernet . in juhu , mumbai 400 049 , india url : http : / / konark . ncst . ernet . in / ~ kbcs / kbcs98 /
",0
2142,"Subject: language , interaction , and culture
 
 * * * * * * * * * * call for papers * * * * * * * * * * the center for language , interaction , and culture ( clic ) graduate student association at ucla and the language , interaction , and social organization ( liso ) graduate student association at ucsb issue its call for papers for the fifth annual conference on language , interaction , and culture to be held april 29 - may 1 , 1999 . this year 's conference will be hosted by the liso graduate student association at the university of california , santa barbara . plenary speaker : dr . don kulick dr . kulick will also lead a pre-conference workshop for graduate students . registration information will be forthcoming . submissions should address topics at the intersection of language , interaction , and culture and would preferably be based on recorded , spontaneous interaction . they must be hard copy and should include : ( 1 ) a detachable title page that includes ( a ) the title of the paper , ( b ) the author 's name , affiliation , postal address , e-mail address , and phone number , ( c ) a list of equipment needed for the presentation ; and ( 2 ) six copies of a 500 - 1 , 000 word extended abstract of the paper . no information identifying the author may appear in the abstract . three copies of submitted abstracts must be received no later than friday , february 5 , 1999 . liso is an ongoing seminar group at the university of california , santa barbara , whose members share an interest in the analysis of recorded social interaction through various approaches , including conversation analysis , interactional sociolinguistics , and functional linguistics . liso is composed of faculty and graduate students from linguistics , sociology , and education , among other departments . clic is located at the university of california , los angeles . the purpose of clic is to promote cross-disciplinary discussion about issues regarding language as a complex resource for thinking and acting in the world . clic is composed of faculty and graduate students from anthropology , applied linguistics , education , psychology , and sociology . submissions not received in triplicate or not received by the deadline will not be considered . further questions can be addressed via e-mail to clic @ ucla . edu or harbison @ cats . ucsc . edu . all submissions should be mailed to : liso graduate student association university of california , santa barbara department of sociology 2834 ellison hall santa barbara , ca 93106-3100
",0
2143,"Subject: theoretical , descriptive , and applied linguistics
 
 call for papers : last announcement kentucky foreign language conference linguistics sessions the 52nd annual kentucky foreign language conference will be held april 22-24 , 1999 , at the university of kentucky in lexington . the conference will include sessions devoted to all aspects of theoretical and descriptive linguistics , sociolinguistics , and applied linguistics . if you wish to present a paper in one of these sessions , send two copies of a one page abstract to prof . anna bosch , 1215 patterson office tower , university of kentucky , lexington , ky 40506-0027 . alternatively , send your abstract by email to : bosch @ pop . uky . edu . ( email submissions are encouraged . ) please include the following information with your abstract : name , affiliation , address , email address , daytime phone . the deadline for submission of abstracts is monday , november 16 , 1998 . authors will be notified about the conference schedule in mid - december . web page : www . uky . edu / artssciences / kflc
",0
2144,"Subject: chinese dialectology
 
 yuen ren society for the promotion of chinese dialect fieldwork annual conference saturday , 6 march 1999 submissions are now being accepted for a conference to be held on saturday , 6 march 1999 , at rutgers university in new jersey . the society welcomes presentations of a non-formalist character on any aspect of hann chinese dialectology , including original field reports , comparative-historical studies , linguistic geography and contact , sociolinguistics , and taxonomy . presentations on any aspect of chinese dialects or their social context are welcome , but please note that the society favors presentations that include abundant evidence , in the form of either dialect data or other explicit documentation as appropriate . papers may be delivered in english or mandarin chinese . to submit a paper , please send a detailed abstract to one of the addresses below . deadline for submitting abstracts is : 31 december , 1998 . we expect to accept only ten papers in all . the yuen ren society is devoted to the practice of descriptive dialect fieldwork , and especially welcomes reports on little-known dialects . david prager branner r . vanness simmons c / o yuen ren society c / o east asian languages & cultures 440 riverside drive , # 73 330 scott hall new york , ny 10027-6831 usa rutgers university new brunswick , nj 08901-1164 usa fax : ( 212 ) 865-5507 fax : ( 732 ) 932-7926 email : < yuen . ren . society @ bigfoot . com > < rsimmon @ rci . rutgers . edu > or < charmii @ bigfoot . com >
",0
2145,"Subject: review : scobbie : autosegmental representation
 
 scobbie , james m . ( 1997 ) autosegmental representation in a declarative constraint - based framework , garland press , new york . [ revision of 1991 phd dissertation , university of edinburgh ] [ * ] michael hammond university of arizona jim scobbie 's dissertation , recently published in the outstanding dissertations in linguistics series through garland press , is an excellent example of a pre - optimality - theory attempt at a constraint-based phonology that has received insufficient attention in the phonological community . this is extremely unfortunate , as the thesis makes a number of interesting proposals that are well worth considering today . the dissertation is not in the usual vein of american phonology theses . it 's not an in-depth analysis of some particular array of data . rather , it appears to fit a much more european template , with more attention paid to placing the author 's proposal in the context of previous ideas . despite this very different approach , there is much to recommend it . the general hypothesis pursued is that phonological generalizations and representations are best cast as attribute-value structures . these formal devices are drawn from the hpsg ( head - driven phrase - structure grammar ) literature ( pollard & sag , 1987 ) . the basic idea is that dominance is expressed as something roughly equivalent to a featural distinction . for example , in a standard phonological representation the fact that a vowel might be high is expressed by assigning the vowel a ' + ' for a feature [ high ] , e . g . [ + high ] . expressed in attribute-value formalism , the attribute [ high ] has the value ' + ' . hpsg goes one step further and encodes dominance in the same fashion . thus , the fact that a syllable has a [ + high ] nucleus is expressed by positing a nucleus attribute for a syllable element and then allowing the nucleus attribute to itself have [ + high ] as an attribute-value pair . ( 1 ) the formal object above denotes a syllable with a [ + high ] nucleus . ( i ' ve indicated irrelevant information with ellipses . ) in the context of these representations , scobbie 's central claim is that autosegmental association can be formalized as dominance in an attribute-value structure . phonological representations also encode linear order , but in scobbie 's theory , linear order is formalized only for root nodes ( and is indicated with indices ) . a string of segments would then be represented as a set of indexed root matrices , essentially of the following sort . ( 2 ) indices are ordered by the relation immediate precedence ' ' . [ 1 ] with these structures , scobbie goes further and suggests that phonological rules should be traded in for constraints . these constraints , he suggests , are formally indistinct from the representations they apply to . ( a rather similar position has been advanced in ot . see russell , 1995 and hammond , to appear . ) for example , a generalization excluding mid nasal vowels would be expressed as follows . ( 3 ) such an expression rules out an element which is simultaneously specified [ - low ] , [ - high ] , and [ + nasal ] . constraints do n't actually "" apply "" to representations . rather , scobbie proposes , constraints are unified with representations . unification allows to representations to meld , just so long as they do n't conflict . for example , a representation consisting solely of ifferent elements . for example , the index variables below indicate that the two matrices share the token value for a , but merely share the type value for b . ( 6 ) scobbie develops this formalism in a number of ways . first , he argues that representations like the one above are subject to what he calls the sharing constraint ( p . 93 ) . ( 7 ) sharing constraint if a structure is dominated by two paths of type p with indices i and j , where , then for every index n where there is a path dominating m . the immediate effect of this is to rule out cases where noncontiguous root elements share a token value . scobbie argues that the evidence for such cases is weak . ( cf . a very similar proposal in archangeli & pulleyblank , 1994 . ) a more interesting consequence is that scobbie uses this constraint in an attempt to derive the no - crossing constraint ( ncc ) , part of goldsmith 's ( 1976 ) more general well - formedness condition on autosegmental representations . this is the constraint that rules out crossing autosegmental association lines . sagey ( 1986 ; 1988 ) first proposes to derive the ncc from a treatment of autosegmental association as overlap . however , hammond ( 1988 ) argues that this notion is formally problematic proposing a different characterization of association as a transitive , irreflexive , and asymmetric relation . hammond 's approach , however , does not derive the ncc without stipulation . scobbie 's approach also involves an asymmetric characterization of association ( as dominance ) , but does derive the ncc . scobbie 's derivation of the ncc is based on the assumption that there are no contour values . that is , while two different root nodes might share a value token as in the second picture below , one root node cannot bear two different values , as in the first picture below ( where "" s "" indicates a segment or root node and "" t "" indicates a tone or value token ) . ( 8 ) this is a necessary position given his formalization of sequencing : only root nodes bear an index for linear position ; nonroot tokens are unsequenced . ( a similar position is developed in heiberg , in prep . ) were contour values to be allowed , there would be no way to distinguish their ordering . on the other hand , when two root nodes share a value , their ordering is distinguished in terms of indices , as in ( 6 ) . the upshot of the prohibition on contours is that violations of the ncc can only arise when there is an independent sharing violation . that is , ncc violations look like ( 9 ) , and ( 9 ) necessarily includes a sharing violation . ( 9 ) this is a very nice result , but comes at the cost of i ) ruling out discontinuous association , and ii ) excluding contour values . scobbie also argues that his approach allows him to derive the phenomenon of geminate integrity ( hayes , 1986 ; schein & steriade , 1986 ) . the basic idea of geminate integrity is that geminates resist epenthesis . ( see guerssel , 1977 ; 1978 for an early treatment and suh , 1997 for a recent proposal . ) the standard account of this is that geminates resist epenthesis because the result would entail crossing association lines , and a violation of the ncc , as in ( 9 ) above . the problem with this , as noted by scobbie and others as well , is that if the epenthetic vowel is featureless ( 10 ) or inserted on another tier ( 11 ) , then no violation of the ncc occurs . ( 10 ) ( 11 ) scobbie 's own proposal is simple and direct . epenthesis into a geminate structure results in a violation of sharing , regardless whether the epenthetic vowel has features or whether its features might appear on some other tier . scobbie goes on to consider the possibility that geminate inalterability might also follow from the sharing constraint , but here his proposal is a lot more speculative . the basic idea pursued is that geminate inalterability results from default rules . the problem is that scobbie does n't really offer a clear proposal on the nature of default rules . on the face of it , they would seem to be a glaring problem for the monotonic theory he proposes . in his final substantive chapter , scobbie treats the problem of long-distance association , as in , e . g . arabic verbal morphology . he offers some well-taken criticisms of the traditional autosegmental approach , but does not really offer an explicit declarative counterproposal . in sum , this book is well worth reading . it offers a very interesting alternative constraint-based view of phonology with much to recommend it . on the other hand , there are a number of unresolved questions . what about floating segments ? scobbie speculates on this , but offers no satisfying solution . as noted above , contour segments are also ruled out , though the evidence for these in the tonal domain is unimpeachable . [ 3 ] references archangeli , d . & d . pulleyblank ( 1994 ) grounded phonology , mit press , cambridge . bird , s . ( 1995 ) computational phonology , cambridge university press , cambridge . goldsmith , j . ( 1976 ) autosegmental phonology , doctoral dissertation , mit . guerssel , m . ( 1977 ) "" constraints on phonological rules "" , linguistic analysis 3 , 267-181 . guerssel , m . ( 1978 ) "" a condition on assimilation rules "" , linguistic analysis 4 , 225-254 . hammond , m . ( 1988 ) "" on deriving the well - formedness condition "" , li 19 , 319-325 . hammond , m . ( to appear ) "" there is no lexicon ! "" , coyote papers . hayes , b . ( 1986 ) "" inalterability in cv phonology "" , language 62 , 321-351 . heiberg , a . ( in prep ) doctoral dissertation , u . of arizona . pollard , c . & i . sag ( 1987 ) information - based syntax and phonology , volume 1 , csli 13 . russell , k . ( 1995 ) "" morphemes and candidates in optimality theory "" , ms . , u . of manitoba , roa . sagey , e . ( 1986 ) the representation of features and relations in non - linear phonology , doctoral dissertation , mit . sagey , e . ( 1988 ) "" on the ill-formedness of crossing association lines "" , li 19 , 109-118 . schein , b . & d . steriade ( 1986 ) "" on geminates "" , li 17 , 691-744 . suh , c . - k . ( 1997 ) consonant geminates : towards a theory of integrity and inalterability , doctoral dissertation , u . of arizona . [ * ] thanks to jim scobbie for useful discussion . any misinterpretations , lapses , or other errors are my own . [ 1 ] though as scobbie ( p . c . ) points out , ordering these with precedence instead will allow for a treatment of epenthesis , morphological intercalation , and the like . [ 2 ] my expository characterization is procedural , but of course , unification is not formally so . [ 3 ] a number of similar ideas are developed in bird ( 1995 ) .
",0
2146,"Subject: discourse studies
 
 first announcement and call for papers . . . . . discourse studies . interdisciplinary journal for the study of text and talk editor : teun a . van dijk ( university of amsterdam ) a new journal edited by teun van dijk entitled discourse studies is due for publication in february 1999 . this multidisciplinary forum will publish outstanding work on the structures and strategies of written and spoken discourse , reviewed by an internationally renowned editorial board . while contributing to new developments at the cutting edge of theory and method , its articles will also be accessible to students and other newcomers to each area of specialization . although intended as a broadly conceived forum for the best international work on discourse in any field and specialization , discourse studies will especially focus on cross-disciplinary studies of text and talk in linguistics , anthropology , ethnomethodology , cognitive and social psychology , communication studies and law . articles that specifically deal with critical socio-political issues are especially welcome in sage 's companion journal discourse & society . call for papers as from april 1998 , high quality papers that fall within the scope and meet the criteria outlined above are welcome . please contact the editor : teun @ let . uva . nl ( for any other information contact louise harnby at sage publications : louise . harnby @ sagepub . co . uk )
",0
2147,"Subject: the evaluation of parsing systems
 
 the evaluation of parsing systems a workshop jointly organised by the cec language engineering 1 projects sparkle and ecran to be held at the first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 26 may 1998 this workshop will provide a forum for researchers interested in the development and evaluation of natural language grammars and parsing systems , and in the creation of syntactically annotated reference corpora . organisers : john carroll , roberto basili , nicoletta calzolari , robert gaizauskas , gregory grefenstette workshop scope and aims the aim of this workshop is to provide a forum for discussion of evaluation methods for parsing systems , and proposals for the development of syntactically annotated language resources . with increased attention to evaluation of component technology in language engineering , evaluation of parsing systems is rapidly becoming a key issue . numerous methods have been proposed and while one , the parseval / penn treebank scheme , has gained wide usage , this has to some extent been due to the absence of workable alternatives rather than to whole-hearted support . parseval / ptb evaluation has several limitations and drawbacks , including a commitment to a particular style of grammatical analysis , and oversensitivity to certain innocuous types of misanalysis while failing to penalise other common types of more serious mistake . also , the original published description of the scheme - - and the evaluation software widely distributed as a follow-up to it - - is specific to the english language . it may be that there are currently no alternative more workable schemes or proposals , but this needs to be more fully discussed : this workshop will provide an opportunity for such a debate . this workshop is particularly timely given the large number of cec language engineering projects that involve parsing in one form or another and which need to evaluate and share the results of their efforts . parsing is an essential part of many larger applications , such as information extraction , which have gained in importance over the last few years . often in such systems , the strength of the parser and grammar has a direct effect on the desired results , and thus achieving good results rests on being able to determine and improve weaknesses in the parser / grammar . without a reliable parser evaluation method this cannot be done effectively . a parsing evaluation workshop is also appropriate at this time given the imminent creation of large-scale syntactically annotated resources for european languages . contributions from those involved in such activities are welcomed , so as to improve communication between the resource construction and the resource utilisation communities . this should ensure that the resources constructed are maximally useful to the general language engineering community . the organisation of this workshop brings together two european language engineering projects which are closely related and whose partners share similar research interests : sparkle and ecran . the organisers solicit contributions from the general community on the following topics : - descriptions of generic syntactic annotation schemes - methodologies and metrics for parsing system evaluation - reports and analyses of the results of utilising particular parser evaluation schemes - description / analysis / experience of language-dependent ( especially for languages other than english ) and task-dependent syntactic annotation schemes programme committee roberto basili gregory grefenstette ted briscoe mark hepple nicoletta calzolari tony mcenery john carroll maria teresa pazienza roberta catizone paola velardi robert gaizauskas yorick wilks paper submission papers should not exceed 4000 words or 10 pages . submission may be in either hard copy or electronic form . the submission deadline is february 15th , 1998 . hard copy submission : three copies of the paper should be sent to : dr john carroll cognitive and computing sciences university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh uk electronic submission : electronic submission may be in either self-contained latex , postscript , or rtf formats , to john . carroll @ cogs . susx . ac . uk . for each submission - - whether hard copy or electronic - - a separate plain ascii text email message should be sent to john carroll , containing the following information : # name : name of first author # title : title of the paper # pages : number of pages # note : any relevant instructions # keys : keywords # email : email of the first author # abstr : abstract of the paper . . . . . . important dates paper submission deadline ( hard copy / electronic ) february 15th notification of acceptance march 10th camera - ready papers due april 10th workshop may 26th conference information general information about the conference is at : < http : / / www . icp . inpg . fr / elra / conflre . html > see < http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra . html > for information on local arrangements specific queries about the conference should be directed to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain tel : + 34 58 24 41 00 - fax : + 34 58 24 41 04 reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es
",0
2148,"Subject: minority languages in contex . diversity & standardisation
 
 minority languages in contex . diversity and standardisation call for papers ( deadline 16th febuary 1998 ) congress to be held in chur , switzerland - 21st - 23rd september 1998 organising committee : anna - alice dazzi - gross , mike makosch , lorenza mondada , jean - fran \ 231ois de pietro themes addressed by the congress the aim of the congress is to stimulate the study and discussion of contextual dimensions within which minority languages are spoken , shared and taught . the congress will provide a forum for the exchange and discussion of descriptive and comparative reports from a variety of regional and national settings including those in switzerland . the contexts within which minority languages evolve can be described from differing points of view along a continuum between two opposing poles . at one end of the continuum lay attempts to achieve stability and homogeneity which are usually articulated through projects aiming at the planning and normalisation of minority languages in order to present these codes as having equal status to adjacent majority languages . at the other end of the continuum we find destabilisation and heterogeneity observable at points of contact and overlap between minority and majority languages and often leading to hybrid forms which challenge traditional notions of linguistic code . these two poles involve a variety of actors and agents of differing social and institutional status , all exercising varying degrees of influence on the language situation in question . the congress will address three thematic areas highlighting the full range of this continuum . 1 : standardisation of minority languages 2 : minority and majority languages : coexistence , relationships and overlap . 3 : minority languages at school scientific and practical organization the thematic development of each day will take place in a series of parallel sessions run by those having responded to the call for papers and whose contribution has been accepted by the scientific committee . two types of session are foreseen : * papers : 20 minutes presentation followed by 20 minutes discussion * workshops : 90 minutes within which data and / or hypotheses can be presented , analysed and discussed in an interactive way responses to the call for papers should be sent to the scientific committee ( c / o l . mondada , romanisches seminar , university of basle , stapfelberg 7 / 9 , ch 4051 basle ) deadlines : response to call for papers : 16th febuary 1998 notification of acceptance by the scientific committee : 31st march 1998 definitive programme to be sent by : 30th june 1998 enrolment fees : speakers : sfr . 50 . - ( including dinner on tuesday evening and the published congress proceedings ) participants : paid by 30 . 4 . 1998 paid after 30 . 4 . 1998 students sfr . 50 . - - sfr . 70 . - vals members sfr . 80 . - - sfr . 110 . - non-members sfr . 100 . - - sfr . 130 . - ( including the published congress proceedings ) dinner on tuesday evening : sfr . 50 . - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you can send an abstract or ask further informations to : lorenza mondada , romanisches seminar , university of basle , stapfelberg 7 / 9 , ch 4051 basle , fax 0041-61 - 261 . 61 . 41 , email : mondada @ ubaclu . unibas . ch _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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2149,"Subject: ecml ' 98 tanlps workshop : first call for paper
 
 ecml-98 workshop : first call for papers ecml-98 workshop : towards adaptive nlp - driven systems : linguistic information , learning methods and applications organized by : r . basili , m . t . pazienza ( university of roma , tor vergata ) , italy since most of the applications , from syntactic to semantic , are lexicon driven , systematic and reliable acquisition on a large scale of linguistic information is the real challenge to natural language processing ( nlp ) . empiricist view on natural language processing and learning has become recently more attractive for a wider research community : computational linguistics , artificial intelligence , psychology then seemed to converge on a specific data-oriented perspective aiming to overcome the traditional knowledge acquisition bottleneck . it has been often noted that the limited attention paid by the machine learning community to text and speech data seems unjustified . it is thus more and more evident that empirical learning of natural language processing ( nlp ) can alleviate the nlp main problem by means of a variety of methods for the automatic induction of lexical knowledge . lexical knowledge is often hard to compile by hand , and even harder to port and reuse . nlp application systems have still a low impact on real world problems , mainly due to the costs related to reusability and customization of the required lexicons . in particular changes in the domain , causes changes in the lexical information required in the underlying natural language . empirical , symbolic machine learning methods can be perfectly suited for this task like automatic acquisition and adaptation of this klnowledge . rule induction , symbolic approaches to clustering , lazy learning , and inductive logic programming , have been already proposed by a growing community that is entering the challenge for theoretical ( i . e . methodological ) and application purposes a variety of techniques seems to be combined in order to successfully design realistic inductive systems for text processing : the target of this research are methodological and design principles for systems combining linguistic and lexical learning capabilities for large scale language processing tasks . this is what we mean with adaptive nlp - driven systems . within this research enterprise , some issues can favour a sinergistic process between nlp and ml areas : the access to large data sets , that are even increasing over time , due to the telematics facilities available nowaday ; extending the set of typical classes of ml problems to other hard cases ( particularly dense in the nlp processes ) ; adding inductive capabilities to nlp system for tasks related to specific applications ( i . e . information extraction ) . the proposed workshop is thus aiming to stimulate reasearch and discussion on the following aspects : - establishing results and evidencies on the suitability of different ml paradigms on specific levels of representation of lexical knowledge ( morphology , syntax , linguistic inference among others ) - comparison of the quantitative approaches to lexical acquisition with empirical symbolic methods - stimulating discussion on cognitive perspective of some models within a plausible architecture for language processing and learning - establishing results on the applicability of the extracted / induce knowledge within nlp systems , with respect to assessed evaluation criteria , typical of the ml and language engineering ( le ) area - case studies on adaptive nlp systems , i . e . effective nlp systems integrating linguistic inferences with inductive capabilities ( www kb at cmu , ecran ) , - critical review of existing experiences on adaptive nlp systems - establishing guidelines for an evaluation framework of adaptive nlp systems : accuracy of the linguistic process , robustness of the induction process , . . . - promote cooperation among research groups in europe and usa to exchange ideas , data and tools for design and experiment architectures for adaptive nlp systems workshop format : the workshop is expected to cover the whole day . in the first session , a part from an invited talk , we expect to cover methodological issues . papers related to advanced research on suitability of learning paradigms for the different target lexical information will be favoured . prototypical examples in this area are studies on empirical learning of tasks like pos tagging , induction of grammatical information , symbolic learning of word sense disambiguation criteria and lexical semantic information . a panel discussion is expected to close the morning session and focus on principles of suitability for learning paradigms vs . lexical levels . in the second half of the day we expect to stimulate partecipants to cover application areas , like ir and ie , by a couple of invited talks on existing adaptive systems as a basis for presenting novel aspects on integration of nlp capabilities with learning from experience ( examples , errors , performance ) . a set of at least other 3 or 4 papers is expected to concentrate on original research works that we know are currently under development in several reasearch centres in europe ( sheffield university , tilburg , rome tor vergata and torino university ) . a panel discussion on the implication of the adaptive paradigm on existing and potential nlp systems will close the workshop . program committee r . basili ( university of roma , tor vergata , italy ) m . craven ( carnegie mellon university , usa ) w . daelemans ( university of tilburg , nederlands ) m . t . pazienza ( university of roma , tor vergata , italy ) l . saitta ( university of torino , italy ) c . samuelssonn ( bell labs , at&t , usa ) y . wilks ( university of sheffield , uk ) paper submission : = = = = = = = = = = = = papers should not exceed 3000 words or 6 pages hard copy submission : three copies of the paper should be sent to : roberto basili department of computer science , systems and production university of roma , tor vergata via di tor vergata 00133 roma ( italy ) e-mail : basili @ info . utovrm . it electronic submission : electronic submission may be in either self-contained postscript or rtf formats , to basili @ info . utovrm . it for each submission - - whether hard copy or electronic - - a separate plain ascii text email message should be sent to roberto basili , containing the following information : # name : name of first author # title : title of the paper # pages : number of pages # files : name of file ( if attachments are submitted electronically ) # note : any relevant instructions # keys : keywords # email : email of the first author # abstr : abstract of the paper . . . . . . timetable : workshop announcement and call for papers : 5 january 1998 papers due : 15 february 1998 notification of acceptance : 5 march 1998 final version due : 25 march 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - roberto basili department of computer science , systems and production university of roma , tor vergata via di tor vergata 00133 roma ( italy ) e-mail : basili @ info . utovrm . it tel : + 39 - 6 - 7259 7391 fax : + 39 - 6 - 7259 7460 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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2150,"Subject: anthropological linguistics , vol . 40 , no . 3
 
 * * anthropological linguistics , volume 40 , number 3 ( fall 1998 ) * * contents a case of taboo - motivated lexical replacement in the indigenous languages of the caucasus , kevin tuite and wolfgang schulze the barbacoan languages of colombia and ecuador , timothy jowan curnow and anthony j . liddicoat language maintenance on the alabama - coushatta reservation , helena halmari palikur and the typology of classifiers , alexandra y . aikhenvald and diana green obituary frank t . siebert , jr . ( 1912-1998 ) , ives goddard bibliography of frank t . siebert , jr . book reviews phonologies of asia and africa ( including the caucasus ) ( alan s . kaye , editor , and peter t . daniels , technical advisor ) , michael kenstowicz nigerian pidgin ( nicholas g . faraclas ) , philip a . noss grammaticalization of the complex sentence : a case study in chadic ( zygmunt frajzyngier ) , gerrit j . dimmendaal lushootseed texts : an introduction to puget salish narrative aesthetics ( crisca bierwert , editor ) , timothy montler comparative eskimo dictionary with aleut cognates ( michael fortescue , steven jacobson , and lawrence kaplan , editors ) , jonathan david bobaljik sounds like life : sound - symbolic grammar , performance and cognition in pastaza quechua ( janis b . nuckolls ) , rosaleen howard-malverde the making of language ( mike beaken ) , derek bickerton language history , language change , and language relationship : an introduction to historical and comparative linguistics ( hans henrich hock and brian d . joseph ) , mary niepokuj the rulings of the night : an ethnography of nepalese shaman oral texts ( gregory g . maskarinec ) , john leavitt language , power , and ideology in brunei darussalam ( geoffrey c . gunn ) , peter w . martin * * * * * * * annual subscription rates ( for 4 issues ) : $ 30 for u . s . individuals ; $ 38 for non - u . s . individuals ; $ 65 for u . s . institutions ; $ 75 for non - u . s . institutions . payment should be in u . s . funds by check or postal money order made payable to anthropological linguistics . visa and mastercard are also accepted . subscriptions and inquires should be sent to : anthropological linguistics , student building 130 ( c ) , indiana university , bloomington , in 47405 usa ; fax : ( 812 ) 855-7529 ; e-mail : < anthling @ indiana . edu > . for abstracts and more information , visit our website at : < http : / / www . indiana . edu / ~ anthling >
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2151,"Subject: speaking through the silence , laine a . berman
 
 speaking through the silence : narratives , social conventions , and power in java laine a . berman , school of australian and international studies , deakin university uncovering the structures and functions of conversational narratives uttered within natural social networks , laine berman shows how working-class javanese women discursively construct identity and meaning within the rigid constraints of an hierarchical social order . she does this by identifying the silences , the "" unsaid "" , and by revealing both the structure and function of silence in terms of its indexical reference to local meaning . it is here that the force of the javanese language as used in everyday interaction shows itself to be an extremely potent philosophical entity as well as a means of social control . thus , at least in regard to the urban poor , the book boldly questions the difference between traditional definitions of javanese elegance and oppression . this study will contribute to our understanding of the social consequences of language use , to the linguistic knowledge of indonesia and java , and to such basic linguistic issues as narrative structure and function , speech levels and styles , and indexicality features . ( oxford studies in anthropological linguistics 19 ) october 1998 276 pp . ; 8 halftones 0-19 - 510888 - 4 $ 65 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
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2152,"Subject: a minimalist approach to intrasentential code switching , jeff macswan
 
 macswan , jeff ; a minimalist approach to intrasentential code switching ; 0-8153 - 3274 - 2 , cloth ; pages 329 , $ 71 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this book explores the consequences of chomsky 's minimalist program for the data of bilingual language mixture . in the model developed , lexical items may be drawn from the lexicon of either language to introduce features into the numeration which must be checked for convergence in the same way as monolingual features must be checked ( or must not "" mismatch "" ) . the author 's proposed disjunction theorem further provides that code switching is impossible in the computation n ' since the rule ordering ( or constraint ranking ) associated with the phonological component is not preserved under union ( code switching ) . an extensive discussion shows that the analyses of previous "" constraint-oriented "" proposals may be derived from the basic feature-checking apparatus of this system . an original corpus of spanish - nahuatl code switching data is additionally presented . the work also discusses applied issues in bilingualism , touching upon assessment , tracking of minority-language students , and notions of bilingual competence and attributed language "" deficits . "" here the author contends that code switchers are exquisitely sensitive to extremely subtle requirements of both their languages , just as monolinguals are sensitive to theirs . this book will be of interest to scholars in linguistics , bilingualism , and language education . e - mail : info @ garland . com
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2153,"Subject: social science and conversation analysis , harvey sacks
 
 harvey sacks : social science and conversation analysis david silverman , goldsmiths college , london "" harvey sacks , as the say , was an original . david silverman provides a thoughtful , lucid account of his penetrating work . i urge anyone concerned with occuring speech to read this book . one 's sense of how to interpret what is said will be changed . even if one does not adopt the approach , one will have an essential landmark and reference point to inform what one does oneself . "" - - dell hymes , university of virginia "" david silverman is to be thanked for leading the novice and the expert through the complex , heretofore underground corpus of harvey sacks 's work . finally , the social science community can study and learn from sacks 's pathbreaking studies of talk and conversational analysis . the social science community in the field of everyday life studies owes silverman a great debt . "" - - norman k . denzin , university of illinois this is the first book-length introduction to the work of harvey sacks , a highly influential sociologist who prior to his tragic death in 1975 developed the theories that came to be known as conversation analysis and ethnomethodology - - theories that have grown to become extremely popular within linguistics , sociology , psychology and anthropology . this volume should be of interest to both students and scholars of conversation analysis and sacks ' work . october 1998 232 pp . 0-19 - 521473 - 0 paper $ 19 . 95 0-19 - 521472 - 2 cloth $ 39 . 95 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
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2154,"Subject: pragmatics of conditional marking , scott a . schwenter
 
 schwenter , scott a . ; pragmatics of conditional marking : implicature , scalarity , and exclusivity ; 0-8153 - 3309 - 9 , cloth ; pages 275 , $ 63 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this study examines the meaning of prototypical conditional-sentence markers like english if and spanish si from a primarily pragmatic perspective . it argues that the sense of "" hypotheticality "" often associated with the encoded semantics of such markers is actually a pragmatic conversational implicature that is cancelable in certain discourse contexts . the analysis therefore redraws in radical fashion the semantics-pragmatics boundary as it applies to the meaning of conditional markers . a number of key implications are presented in detail . first , it is shown that "" factual "" if-clauses , typically considered anomalous despite their frequent occurrence in many types of discourse , fall out from the predictions made by the pragmatic view of conditional marker meaning . second , it is demonstrated that the "" hypotheticality "" implicature interacts with the well-known implicature of conditional perfection , and that this interaction allows one to predict when "" biconditional "" readings of simple conditionals will and will not arise . more generally , the model of meaning developed in this book permits clear links to be made between conditionality and other conceptual domains , such as adversativity and scalarity . these links are examined in chapters 4 and 5 using declarative-sentence uses of spanish si as the empirical testing ground . this book will be of interest to linguists working in semantics and pragmatics , discourse analysis , and hispanic linguistics . it will also appeal to scholars interested in the interface between communication and cognition . e - mail : info @ garland . com
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2155,"Subject: phrase structures in competition : variation and change in old eng
 
 pintzuk , susan ; phrase structures in competition : variation and change in old english word order ; 0-8153 - 3269 - 6 , cloth ; pages 285 , $ 63 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this book investigates variation and change in old english word order , with special emphasis on the position of the verb . it is argued that variation in surface word order is primarily a reflex of synchronic variation in underlying structure , head-initial vs . head-final . in particular , variation in the position of the verb is best explained by an analysis of competing head-initial and head-final structure within both vp and ip , with obligatory movement of the finite verb to i . together with processes of postposition , cliticization , and further verb movement from i to c in a restricted set of exceptional clause types , this derives the attested word order patterns of old english . the verb-second phenomenon in old english can then be seen to involve verb movement to clause-medial i in both main and subordinate clauses , as in yiddish and icelandic , rather than verb movement to c in main clauses only , as in german and dutch . the structural analysis is proposed on the basis of standard distributional tests used in formal syntactic theory . this structural analysis is then further supported by quantitative evidence using methodology adapted from sociolinguistic approaches to language variation and change . it is demonstrated that the frequency of i - initial structure increases during the old english period at the same rate in both main and subordinate clauses , supporting the hypothesis of identical structures and processes in the two clause types . this book with be of interest to scholars in the areas of old english syntax , germanic syntax , and syntactic variation and change . e - mail : info @ garland . com
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2156,"Subject: second language learning theories , r . mitchell and f . myles
 
 second language learning theories rosamond mitchell and florence myles , both at university of southampton this text presents an accessible and concise overview of the most current theories and approaches of second language learning . it provides an up-to - date introduction to the key concepts and issues , as well as a brief history of this area of research . written for students coming to the study of linguistics for the first time , the book covers a wide range of approaches , including linguistic , cognitive , and social . ( an arnold publication ) october 1998 240 pp . ; 21 linecuts 0-340 - 66312 - x paper $ 19 . 95 0-340 - 66311 - 1 cloth $ 60 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
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2157,"Subject: uci working papers in linguistics , vol 4 , 1998
 
 irvine linguistics students association ( ilsa ) is pleased to announce the publication of uci working papers in linguistics volume 4 ( 1998 ) . : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : uci working papers in linguistics , volume 4 ( 1998 ) . edited by hidehito hoshi articles appearing in the fourth volume are : brian agbayani : chain types and optionality naomi harada : toward a restrictive theory of parameters : interactions between functional and lexical categories hidehito hoshi : overt case features and "" bare np "" - movement toru ishii : islands and movement types murat kural : verb movementin english and morphological transparency chen - sheng liu : parallelism and economy kazue takeda : single consonant reduplication and causative formation in kammu sze - wing tang : bare and not - so - bare small clauses : evidence from japanese us $ 14 , plus shipping and handling : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : also available : uci dissertations in linguistics brian agbayani ( 1998 ) . feature attraction and category movement griffith , teresa a ( 1996 ) . projecting transitivity and agreement ikawa , hajime ( 1996 ) . overt movement as a reflex of morphology ishii , toru ( 1997 ) . an asymmetry in the composition of phrase structure and its consequences li , xiaoguang ( 1997 ) . deriving distributivity in mandarin chinese takano , yuji ( 1996 ) . movement and parametric variation in syntax tang , sze - wing ( 1998 ) . parametrization of features in syntax zoerner , cyril edward ( 1995 ) . coordination : the syntax of &p us $ 14 each , plus shipping and handling : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : uci working papers in linguistics , volume 3 ( 1997 ) . edited by luther chen - sheng liu and kazue takeda articles appearing in the third volume are : brian agbayani : category raising , adjunction , and minimality lisa lai - shen cheng : "" partial "" wh - movement naoki fukui : attract and the a - over - a principle toru ishii : the "" crossing "" constraint and the minimal link condition luther chen - sheng liu : light verb and accusative - ing gerund in taiwanese yuji takano : scrambling and partial object shift kazue takeda : a note on locality of category movement and feature movement sze - wing tang : the parametric approach to the resultative construction in chinese and english miyoko yashui : identification of ellipses and other empty categories us $ 14 , plus shipping and handling uci working papers in linguistics , volume 2 : proceedings of the south western optimality theory workshop ( swot ii ) . edited by brian agbayani and naomi harada us $ 12 , plus shipping and handling uci working papers in linguistics , volume 1 . edited by brian agbayani , kazue takeda and sze - wing tang us $ 12 , plus shipping and handling shipping and handling ( per item ) domestic : $ 4 ; canada : $ 6 ; mexico : $ 7 ( airmail ) , $ 5 ( surface ) ; elsewhere : $ 12 ( airmail ) , $ 7 ( surface ) * international shipping and handling rates are subject to the numbers of items ordered and location . please contact < ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu > in ordering more than one item from abroad . prepayment required . please make checks or money orders payable to ' ilsa-asuci ' . we cannot accept credit card payment . payment must be in us funds , drawn on a us bank . please allow 4 - 6 weeks for delivery . send order form and payment to : irvine linguistics students association , school of social sciences , university of california , irvine , irvine , ca 92697 , u . s . a . please address inquires to ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu order form customer information name : street address : city , province / state : country , zip code : telephone number : e - mail : item quantity price per item total uciwpl - 1 $ 12 $ uciwpl - 2 $ 12 $ uciwpl - 3 $ 14 $ uciwpl - 4 $ 14 $ agbayani $ 14 $ griffith $ 14 $ ikawa $ 14 $ ishii $ 14 $ li $ 14 $ takano $ 14 $ tang $ 14 $ zoerner $ 14 $ shipping : $ total : $ for more information about uci working papers in linguistics and uci dissertations in linguistics , please contact < ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu > or see ilsa 's homepage < http : / / www . socsci . uci . edu / ling / ilsa / ilsahp . html > . tables of contents of uciwpl and abstracts of ucidl are available in ilsa 's homepage . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ irvine linguistics students association ( ilsa ) school of social sciences university of california , irvine irvine , ca 92697-5100 , u . s . a . ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu http : / / www . socsci . uci . edu / ling / ilsa / ilsahp . html
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2158,"Subject: functional phonology , paul boersma
 
 new from holland academic graphics : functional phonology . formalizing the interactions between articulatory and perceptual drives by paul boersma in functional phonology , paul boersma develops a theory that seeks to explain and describe the data of the languages of the world from general capabilities of human motor behaviour and perception . by separating the roles of the articulation and the audition of speech sounds , it predicts and clarifies generalizations about the organization of human speech , and solves several outstanding controversial phonological issues . providing a synthesis between the "" phonetic "" and "" phonological "" standpoints , the theory of functional phonology expresses explanatory functional principles like the minimization of articulatory effort and the minimization of perceptual confusion directly in a descriptive formal grammar , and offers a typologically and empirically adequate alternative to generative theories of autosegmental phonology and feature geometry . the subjects covered in this book include articulation and perception models , constraint-based accounts of phonetic implementation , the acquisition of articulatory and perceptual phonological feature values , an algorithm for learning stochastic grammars , the construction of phoneme inventories , circular optimization in sound change , and a determination of the fundamental principles that underlie the surface phenomena sometimes ascribed to the primitive phonological operations of spreading and the obligatory contour principle . this book will appeal to phonologists interested in the possibility that the grammar directly reflects common principles of efficient and effective communication , to phoneticians interested in the idea that phonetic explanations can be expressed as constraint interactions in a formal grammar , and to any linguist interested in the innateness debate . contents : introduction part i . representations 1 . representations and features 2 . articulation model 3 . acoustical simulation 4 . perception models 5 . test of the articulation model part ii . constraints 6 . functional optimality theory 7 . articulatory constraints 8 . perceptual contrast and faithfulness 10 . acoustical faithfulness 11 . typology and the local-ranking hypothesis 12 . corespondence 13 . degrees of specification part iii . grammar 14 . learning a production grammar 15 . how we learn variation , optionality and probability 16 . inventories 17 . sound change 18 . the obligatory contour principle 19 . spreading 20 . conclusion 1998 . xii + 494 pp . isbn 90 5569 054 6 . paperback . [ lot international series 11 . ifott / university of amsterdam dissertation . ] price for individuals ordering directly from hag : nlg 66 . 00 ( excl . p&p and vat ) . holland academic graphics , the hague < http : / / www . hagpub . com > .
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2159,"Subject: causal connectives have presuppositions , luuk lagerwerf
 
 newly available from holland academic graphics causal connectives have presuppositions effects on coherence and discourse structure by luuk lagerwerf this book is a detailed study of the discourse semantic properties of causal connectives and their presuppositions . the interpretation process of connectives like although and because , and their dutch counterparts , will be followed from the recognition of subtle meaning differences of a connective used in different contexts , an explanation for these differences in terms of presuppositions , an analysis of the way these presuppositions manipulate lexical knowledge to infer causal coherence relations and the effect of these coherence relations on antecedents of propositional anaphors in discourse structure . contents : 1 . introduction 2 . causal and contrastive relations 3 . presuppositions for causal connectives 4 . inference and enforcement 5 . causality in discourse structure 6 . conclusion 1998 . viii + 254 pp . isbn : 90 5569 053 8 . paperback . [ lot international series 10 . cls / tilburg university dissertation . ] price for individuals ordering directly from the publisher : nlg 41 . 20 ( excl . p&p ) . the hague , holland academic graphics : http : / / www . hagpub . com .
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2160,"Subject: book review
 
 gopnik , alison and andrew n . meltzoff ( 1997 ) words , thoughts and theories . cambridge : mit press . 268 pages . $ 14 ( paperback ) reviewd by laura wagner , university of massachusetts . gopnik and meltzoff ( g&m ) have written a book that is full of ideas and information . they are interested in what our representations of the world look like and they are pushing the view they call the theory theory : that our representations are organized around theories . more than that , they argue that children 's representations of the world are also organized around theories and that developmental changes children undergo are in fact changes in their theories . even more than that , they argue that the theory revisions that children make are of precisely the same type as scientific theory revisions . that is , the difference between a 9 month old and an 18 month old is essentially the same as that between a newtonian physicist and an einsteinian physicist : they possess qualitatively different theories of how the world works . the use of "" words "" in the title refers to two claims that g&m make : one , that children 's early vocabulary reflects technical notions in their theory du jour and two , that linguistic elements can act as part of the evidence children use in theory building . the book is divided into three sections , in addition to the introduction and conclusion . the first section addresses the theoretical commitments of the theory theory and relates it other theories of cognitive organization and development . the second section examines three domains of knowledge for evidence of children 's changing theories . the third section has a neo - whorfian flavor and addresses the question of how different languages could effect children 's theory-building . part 1 : the theory theory in this section , g&m face head on what is certainly the most difficult of their claims to swallow , namely that children 's early theories about the world are qualitatively the same as scientific theories and subject to revision in the same ways . while acknowledging that there are many differences between the ways scientists and infants operate , they nevertheless maintain that they both construct the same sorts of theories in the same ways . the theories of both are abstract and general , and therefore provide a means for making predictions in a variety of domains . both groups are concerned with the match of the theory to the world and will maintain a theory only as long as the evidence supports it . when evidence mounts against a theory , the theory holder goes into a transitional state , actively seeking out new sorts of evidence , conducting experiments and developing new technical vocabulary as they settle into a new and better theory . one of g&m 's strong claims is that the standard adult theory ( the so-called "" folk-physics "" and "" folk-psychology "" , e . g . ) is in principle open to revision ; it was developed in response to inadequate child theories of the world , and , as with all scientific theories , it too will be revised , if the need arises . the second chapter in this section compares the theory theory to two other prominent cognitive models , modularity and empirical generalizations ( e . g . , scripts , connectionism ) . g&m do not present the theory theory as a substitute for either of these models completely but as taking over some roles from each . thus , with respect to modularity , the theory theory accounts well for many central cognitive processes and some of the less perceptually oriented modular processes ; with respect to empirical generalizations , the theory theory is better equipped to deal with things like causal linkages and can provide a deeper level of explanation in general , but such generalizations may still form an important basis for the creation of theories . part 2 : evidence for the theory theory part 2 consists of three chapters which each take on a different knowledge domain and show how the theory theory can explain children 's development in these areas . chapter 4 deals with children 's theories of appearances and addresses children 's development with respect to object permanence . chapter 5 takes on children 's theories of action and causality with animate and inanimate things . chapter 5 addresses children 's developing theories of natural kinds . each chapter discusses what the adult theory in each of these domains looks like and then marshals experimental evidence that demonstrates what the infant 's initial theory looks like and what subsequent revisions to their theory the children make . in each domain , they argue that children make crucial theory changes around the ages of 9 months and again around the age of 18 months . g&m report the results from many experiments ( a large number of them conducted by g and / or m themselves ) which amply illustrate that children 's competence in these domains changes ( and improves ) with age . this experimental evidence is at times augmented with anecdotal accounts of how infants affectively interact with different tasks at different ages . g&m are looking for scientific behavior from these children and it is therefore important not only that children can pass more tasks as they get older ( and their theories get better ) but that they view the tasks differently as they get older . they point to examples of emotional consternation that infants show around the time that their theories are putatively changing . thus , a 15 month old will fail to find an object that has been secretly moved to a new hiding place but will be unperturbed by her failure ; a 21 month old will find the object in the new place but will be unimpressed by her own success . an 18 month old , however , is both deeply disturbed when she fails ( and by the structure of the task as a whole ) but is joyful with success . g&m argue that such affective differences reflect something like the blase-ness of normal science compared to the eureka moments that mark a theory in change . with respect to linguistics , one of the claims from these chapters is that early utterances may correspond to technical vocabulary of newly formed theories . g&m 's arguments are particularly intriguing with respect to performative utterances , such as "" gone "" and "" uhoh "" which are quite frequent in the speech of 18 month olds but have been largely ignored in language acquisition studies . they claim that , for example , the emergence of the word "" gone "" in child speech is closely linked with children 's ability to solve an invisible displacement task ( when an object is secretly moved to a new hiding place ) . "" gone "" indicates an object that is out of sight for any reason , and it is in effect a technical term , reflecting a concept in the infant 's new theory . part 3 : language and thought in the previous chapters , the kinds of evidence that g&m suggested were driving theory formation and revision arose primarily from children 's interactions with objects , actions and people in the world . in this chapter , g&m note that language itself is part of the child 's world and different languages could in principle provide different kinds of evidence . since the children 's theories are not innately given but are presumed to be constructed on the basis of the evidence they get from the world , different kinds of linguistic evidence could lead to different theories , or at least to different rates of theory formation . they find support for the effects of language in theory building in a series of longitudinal , crosslinguistic studies looking at children acquiring korean and english . they do not cover the experiments in detail , but the gist of them appears to be that korean is more verb-centric while english is more noun-centric and this linguistic difference translates into korean children developing their theories of action more quickly than their english counterparts , who for their turn , develop their theories of natural kinds more quickly than the korean children . evaluation despite the fact that the theory theory informs an active psychological research program , this book is primarily a book of philosophy . thus , the results from a large number of experimental investigations are discussed but no one experiment is discussed in sufficient detail to be critically evaluated . any reader not already well acquainted with the cognitive developmental literature may find themselves somewhat confused ( and perhaps somewhat unconvinced ) about how g&m are able to draw the conclusions that they do from the experiments reported . this problem might have been remedied to some extent by detailed explanations of one or two experiments that could act as representative examples and the use of diagrams depicting the sorts of tasks used to test infants . a few more diagrams and / or summary tables would have been helpful in general . the theory theory is dynamic in form and g&m trace two or three theory changes within three different knowledge domains . the critical point about theory change comes through clearly , but many of the details get lost in the mass of information ; a summary table describing the different theories ( and perhaps the evidence that leads to theory revision ) would have been a useful reference . although g&m devote an entire chapter to persuading the reader that infant theory development and scientific theory development are the same , ultimately this argument remains unconvincing and the insistence on this point throughout the book has the effect of lessening the force of their claims , rather than strengthening them . there are many reasons to be skeptical of the link between the two sets of theory builders but i think the most compelling reason to reject their argument is that it seems to do a grave injustice to the entrenchment of our folk-scientific reasoning . in a nutshell , our adult folk-science is a stable level of knowledge and may not , even in principle , be subject to revision . g&m try to argue against this powerful intuition in two ways . first , they point to the fact that science has moved beyond our folk theories , so those theories can't be the last word in what is true . while i agree that einsteinian physics is probably more true ( i . e . , a better model of the world ) than my own folk-physics , i ' m still stuck with my inadequate theory . g&m appeal to the division of knowledge-labor to claim that the theory really has changed at a societal level , but that only highlights the fact that for the common person , our folk-science is unrevisable . g&m 's second argument that our folk-science is open to revision is that we can imagine a world that would require a different theory , and they frequently invoke the tv show star trek as illustrating such a world . this fantasy argument leaves me entirely cold , partially because i have no strong intuitions ( as g&m seem to ) about , for example , the status of objects in a star trek transporter beam , and partially because i believe that they are placing far to heavy a burden on a piece of popular fiction . it should be noted , however , that rejecting the most extreme of g&m 's claims does not fundamentally undermine their arguments that knowledge is organized around theories and that developmental change reflects changes in children 's theories . even if children 's theories are not of the same type as scientific theories , analyzing our knowledge in terms of some kind of theory and children 's development as some form of theory change is still a very intriguing and compelling perspective to take . in sum , g&m have raised a number of extremely interesting questions about the nature of knowledge representation , the nature of theories , the nature of cognitive development and the relationship of language to cognitive development . they offer the theory theory as a way to address these questions and , although one might not believe that the theory theory actually has the answers , it is certainly an important view in the debate . reviewed by laura wagner , department of psychology , university of massachusetts - amherst . my research centers on children 's acquisition of tense and aspect .
",0
2161,"Subject: association for computational linguistics
 
 call for tutorial proposals the acl ' 99 ( association for computational linguistics , 1999 ) program committee invites proposals for the tutorial program for acl ' 99 , to be held at the university of maryland , college park , md , usa , june 20 - - 26 , 1999 . the tutorials for acl ' 99 will be held on june 20th . each tutorial should be well-focused so that its core content can be covered in a three hour tutorial slot ( including a 30 minute break ) . in exceptional cases , 6 - hour tutorial slots are possible as well . there will be space and time for at most four three-hour tutorials . submission details proposals for tutorials should contain : * a title and brief ( < 500 word ) content description of the tutorial topic . * the names , postal addresses , phone numbers , and email addresses of the tutorial speakers , with one-paragraph statement of the speaker 's ( s ' ) research interests and areas of expertise . * any special requirements for technical needs ( computer infrastructure , etc . ) proposals should be submitted by electronic mail , in plain ascii ( iso8859 - 1 ) text as soon as possible , but no later than december 18th , 1998 . the subject line should be : "" acl 99 tutorial proposal "" . please note : proposals will not be accepted by regular mail or fax . please submit your proposals and any inquiries to : richard sproat , acl ' 99 tutorials chair bell laboratories , lucent technologies 600 mountain avenue , murray hill , nj 07974 usa rws @ research . bell-labs . com practical arrangements accepted tutorial speakers must provide descriptions of their tutorials for inclusion in the conference registration material by march 1 , 1999 . the description must be provided in three formats : a latex version that fits onto 1 / 2 page ; an ascii ( iso8859 - 1 ) version that can be included with the email announcement ; an html version that can be included on the conference home page . tutorial speakers will provide tutorial materials , at least containing copies of the overhead sheets used , by may 1 , 1999 . finances : the current acl policy is that tutorials are reimbursed at the following rate : $ 500 per session plus $ 25 per registrant in the range 21-50 plus $ 15 per registrant in excess of 50 . note that this is per tutorial , not per presenter : multiple presenters will split the proceeds , the default assumption being an even split . the acl does not usually cover travel expenses except where the presenter ( s ) cannot get them through the usual mechanisms : for acl members we assume that they would be coming to the meeting anyway . for people who are not acl members , we would expect to pay for costs that they cannot get reimbursed elsewhere . important dates submission deadline for tutorial proposal : 18 dec 1998 notification of acceptance of tutorial proposal : 28 dec 1998 tutorial descriptions due to tutorial chair : 1 mar 1999 tutorial course material due to tutorial chair : 1 may 1999 tutorials date : 20 june 1999
",0
2162,"Subject: workshop on semi - lexical heads
 
 * * call for papers * * workshop on semi-lexical heads tilburg university , thursday 20 may and friday 21 may 1999 invited speakers : joseph emonds ( university of durham ) hubert haider ( university of salzburg ) elisabeth loebel ( university of cologne ) semi-lexical heads the distinction between lexical / major categories , on the one hand , and functional / minor / grammatical categories , on the other , is at the heart of present-day grammatical theory , but plays an equally central role in theories on language acquisition , code switching , aphasia , etcetera . in the course of time , various diagnostic criteria have been proposed which distinguish the one class from the other : e . g . productivity , distribution , lack versus presence of semantic content . although for certain clear-cut cases ( e . g . the distinction between noun and determiner ) , this distinction is quite straightforward , there are many lexical items for which it is less easy to decide whether they side with the lexical categories or with the functional ones . the category p is a well-known case of uncertainty . although it seems less functional in a sense than a determiner , it is more "" grammatical "" than n , v and a . some people have argued that a distinction should be made within the class of prepositions between the lexical ones and the grammatical or functional ones ( cf . van riemsdijk 1990 ; zwarts 1992 ) this gradualness on the lexical-functional "" scale "" is characteristic of other categories as well and is reminiscent of ross 's ( 1972 ; 1973 ) notion of squish , which refers to degrees of nouniness ( or verbiness ) of syntactic categories . emonds ( 1985 ) speaks bout grammatical nouns , verbs , adjectives and prepositions , and also refers to them as disguised lexical categories . another appropriate term would be semi-lexical heads , i . e . heads which are hybrid in the sense that they display both lexical and functional / grammatical characteristics . what kinds of lexical items might possibly be considered semi-lexical ? for the nominal domain , emonds ( 1985 ) refers to such items as the pro-form "" one "" in "" the good ones "" , reflexive "" self "" ( cf . "" selves "" ) , and "" thing "" as it occurs in "" something good "" . classifiers and quantity-designating nominals in pseudopartitive constructions like "" three grains of sand "" might be considered semi-lexical as well . within the verbal domain , semi-lexical candidates might arguably be : auxiliary verbs ( see emonds 85 for this claim ) , certain verbs featuring in verb clusters in germanic verb raising constructions , verbs in serialization constructions , etcetera . within the adjectival domain , one might take such quantifiers as "" many "" , "" few "" , "" much "" as instances of semi-lexical adjectives . the above is just a brief sketch of potential semi-lexical heads . presumably , there are many more . here are some of the more concrete questions that might arise in the study of semi-lexical heads : v what types of semi-lexical nouns , verbs , adjectives and prepositions can be distinguished ? what distinguishes them from truly lexical categories and in what sense are they different from truly grammatical functors ? is this distinction expressed in terms of their lexical feature-composition , and if so , what features are involved ? what is their assembling property ; i . e . how do they combine in syntactic structure and how do they project syntactically ? are they involved in idiosyncratic displacement phenomenona , and if so , what feature of the semi-lexical head triggers this ? what is the licensing function of semi-lexical heads ? what makes them interpretable at the interface levels ? also from a diachronic point of view , the question arises how lexical heads develop gradually into semi-lexical ones . is there cross-linguistic variation in the range of semi-lexical heads and if so , what does this variation reside in ? besides the question of how semi-lexical heads behave in the syntactic component , questions arise about their behavior in other components : are there morphological processes characteristic of semi-lexical heads ? as concerns the lexicon , the question arises how they are stored in the lexicon and what distinguishes their lexical entry from that of truly lexical categories . abstracts : abstracts are invited for 30 minutes talks ( with an additional ten minutes for discussion ) . abstracts should be anonymous , and should be no longer than two pages , including references and examples , with margins of at least 1 - inch , font size 11 / 12 . submissions are limited to a maximum of one individual and one joint abstract per author . please provide 5 anonymous abstracts and one camera-ready original containing title , author 's name and affiliation . submissions by e-mail or fax can be accepted , provided a camera-ready original is received within one week after the deadline . a separate card should contain the title of the paper , author 's name , affiliation , address , telephone number and e-mail address . we have the intention to publish ( a selection of ) the papers . we expect to be able to partially reimburse you for travel and / or vhotel expenses , but precise figures are not available as yet . * * * * * * * * * * * deadline for receipt of abstracts : monday 1 february , 1999 . abstracts should be sent to the following address : norbert corver grammar models group department of linguistics tilburg university p . o . box 90153 5000 le tilburg the netherlands phone : + 31 13 4662773 e - mail : secretariaat . gm . fdl @ kub . nl fax : + 31-13 - 4663110 organizing committee : norbert corver & henk van riemsdijk information about accommodation and travel information will be made available at the grammar models web site , which is accessible at : http : / / cwis . kub . nl / ~ fdl / research / gm / conf . htm
",0
2163,"Subject: cognitive linguistics 9 : 2 ( 1998 ) , 9 : 3 ( 1998 )
 
 cognitive linguistics volume 9 : 2 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york alan cienki . . . . . . . . . . . . straight : an image schema and its metaphorical extensions william croft . . . . . . . . . . linguistic evidence and mental representations squibs joseph hilferty , javier valenzuela and oscar vilarroya . . . . . . . . paradox lost david kemmerer . . . . . . . . . is syntax based on spatial image schemas in the inferior parietal cortex ? evidence against deane 's parietal hypothesis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cognitive linguistics volume 9 : 3 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york mira ariel . . . . . . . . . . the linguistic status of the ` here and now ' juergen bohnemeyer . . temporal reference from a radical pragmatics perspective . why yucatec does not need to express ` after ' and ` before ' scott k . lidell . . . . . grounded blends , gestures , and conceptual shifts book reviews susanne niemeyer . . . . friedrich ungerer and hans - joerg schmid , an intro - duction to cognitive linguistics pieter a . m . seuren . . bernd kortmann , adverbial subordination : a typology and history of adverbial subordinators based on european languages _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de this and further publications can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
",0
2164,"Subject: koyra chiini ( songhay languages / west africa )
 
 jeffrey heath a grammar of koyra chiini the songhay of timbuktu 1998 . 24 x 16 cm . xvi , 453 pages . cloth dm 298 , - / approx . us $ 186 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 016285 - 7 mouton grammar library 19 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this volume presents the first grammar in english of a language of the songhay family of west africa . a sharp typological boundary separates koyra chiini in the timbuktu area from other songhay languages of west africa , including koroboro senni of nearby gao . for example , koyra chiini differs from these other languages in its basic constituent order ( vo ) and in its syntax of focalization and relativization ( extraction with zero traces ) . since the phonology is fairly simple , this grammar emphasizes grammatical categories and morphosyntax . topics covered in depth include pronominal categories , logophorics , np conjunction , instrumentals , aspect , the subjunctive mood , the ` all ' quantifier , serial verbs , focalization , discourse-functional particles , and relativization . there is a concluding chapter on topics in spatio-temporal and lexical semantics . though the main grammar is based squarely on the timbuktu variety , there is a short appendix on dialects farther upriver , and a long appendix on djenne chiini , a remarkable offshoot of koyra chiini spoken in the songhay enclave city of djenne . djenne chiini has seven vowel qualities to koyra chiini 's five , and has a different syntax based on in situ rather than extracted focalization and relativization . this comparative material is of special importance in that koyra chiini ( and djenne chiini ) are possible semi-creolized songhay varieties dating from the westward expansion of the songhay empire ( capital : gao ) of the late middle ages . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
",0
2165,"Subject: the collected works of bronislaw pilsudski
 
 alfred f . majewicz ( editor ) the collected works of bronislaw pilsudski volume 1 . the aborigines of sakhalin 1998 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xviii , 792 pages cloth dm 478 , - / approx . us $ 299 . 00 trends in linguistics . documentation 15 - 1 volume 2 . materials for the study of the ainu language and folklore ( cracow 1912 ) 1998 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xiv , 872 pages cloth dm 498 , - / approx . us $ 311 . 00 trends in linguistics . documentation 15 - 2 these two volumes open the edition of the collected works of bronislaw pilsudski , an eminent self-made scholar , whom history has proved to have been one of the most remarkable explorers of the languages and cultures of the small aboriginal peoples inhabiting the island of sakhalin and the adjacent lower amur region at the turn of the twentieth century : the sakhalin ainu , nivhgu ( gilyaks ) , oroks , olchas , and nanais . pilsudski , hardly leaving any important aspect of their life untouched , presents a versatile and incomparable image of the spiritual and material world of communities long since extinct . a small part of pilsudski 's works , written in languages ranging from german , french , and english to russian , polish and japanese appeared in small , local periodicals now constituting bibliographical rarities retrieved . for the most part , however , his writings have remained unpublished up to the present day . conceived under the auspices of the international commitee for the restoration and assessment of the work of bronislaw pilsudski ( icrap ) , this edition reconstructs pilsudski 's invaluable contribution to the humanities . at the same time it presents a reconstruction of the world of the sakhalin natives which has been absorbed by the past . volume 1 : the aborigines of sakhalin . this volume contains translations into english of the polish , russian and japanese material on , for example , the history , folklore , economic life , shamanism , sexual life , medical anthropology , and the bear festival which has been published between 1898 and 1936 , mainly in local journals which are hardly accessible today . english , french and german articles appear in the original language . volume 2 : materials for the study of the ainu language and folklore ( cracow 1912 ) . a reprint of the classic 1912 cracow edition with an accompanying index . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
",0
2166,"Subject: probus 10 : 2 ( 1998 )
 
 p r o b u s international journal of latin and romance linguistics volume 10 - 2 ( 1998 ) special issue ` going romance ' frank drijkoningen , brigitte kampers - manhe and jan schroten ( editors ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york editorial statement anna gavarro . . . . . . . . . . . . word order alternations and feature assignment in bilingual catalan acquisition luis silva - villar . . . . . . . morphology and syntax of romance imperatives : an incomplete history denis bouchard . . . . . . . . . . the distribution and interpretation of adjectives in french : a consequence of bare phrase structure paul rowlett . . . . . . . . . . . . a non-overt negative operator in french randall gess . . . . . . . . . . . . old french nocoda effects from constraint interaction m . carme picallo . . . . . . . . on the extended projection principle and null expletive subjects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
",0
2167,"Subject: pwpl volume 5 . 1 ( proceedings of plc 22 )
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * pwpl v . 5 . 1 : proceedings of the 22nd annual * * penn linguistics colloquium * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * volume 5 . 1 of the university of pennsylvania working papers in linguistics , ( proceedings of the 22nd annual penn linguistics colloquium ) , is now available . 1 . dora alexopoulou : detaching discourse functions from functional projections 2 . sharon armon-lotem & stephen crain : interface conditions on child language : a cross - linguistic look at genitives . 3 . ralph c . blight : formal features and movement at pf . 4 . jocelyn cohan : semantic features of determiners : toward an account for complements of d . 5 . miriam eckert : discourse deixis and anaphora resolution in german . 6 . roland hinterhoelzl : the syntax of ipp constructions and the structure of the lower middlefield in westgermanic . 7 . beth ann hockey & zsuzsanna fagyal : pre - boundary lengthening : universal or language - specific ? the case of hungarian . 8 . howard lasnik : some reconstruction riddles . 9 . fengxiang li & lindsay j . whaley : the life and death of derivational morphology : reduplication in oroqen . 10 . jeffrey lidz & william j . idsardi : chains and phono - logical form . 11 . simona pekarek : deixis and the interactional construction of context . 12 . joan rafel : complex small clauses . 13 . ann m . reed : sloppy definites . 14 . chuanchih wang : an event syntactic account of delimitation in mandarin . 15 . susi wurmbrand : restructuring control . volumes are $ 15 us , pre-paid . please do not order by email , as we can only process prepaid orders . ( we do accept purchase orders and standing orders from institutional buyers ) . send check or money order , made out to "" penn linguistics club "" , to the following address : pwpl 619 williams hall university of pennsylvania philadelphia , pa 19104-6305 u . s . a . there is currently no charge for shipping & handling ( this includes international orders ) . please allow 3 - 6 weeks for delivery . volume 5 . 1 was edited by alexis dimitriadis , hikyoung lee , christine moisset and alexander williams .
",0
2168,"Subject: re : ter meulen 's review
 
 ter meulen , alice g . b . , ( 1997 ) representing time in natural language , the dynamic interpretation of tense and aspect , mit press , cambridge mass . , 160 pages , isbn 0-262 - 70066 - 2 , $ 12 . 50 ( paperback ) . reviewed by anne reboul , loria-cnrs , france . anne . reboul @ loria . fr 0 . introduction ter meulen 's book is a good introduction to the work which she has been doing during the past few years on both the representation of eventualities and temporal reasoning . the book combines her approach 's desire not to lose information previously given in discourse with semantic principles which are squarely based on situation semantics . this allows her to introduce dynamic aspect trees ( dats ) , which can loosely be described as temporal inference pumps . ter meulen points out that , though common sense reasoning plays an important role in temporal reasoning , it is not her aim to deal with it . finally the present paperback edition of the book incorporates an appendix giving some exercises on dat construction and a short account of the resemblance and difference between drt and dats . 1 . 0 book summary preface ter meulen aims to account for the linguistic and informational balance between static and dynamic information , proposing abstract semantic principles relative to tense and aspect and using tools derived from situation semantics . 1 . introduction language describes the world as being composed of two main types of temporal objects : events which introduce changes and states which do not . this linguistic capacity is accompanied by an inferential ability in interpretation of what is or is not the case when . ter meulen deals only with the simple past , the perfect , the progressive and some uses of the present , that is with tenses which indicate in which order events occur , through weak constraints on the temporal relations between events . the difference between the simple past and the perfect is aspectual , as is obvious when they are examined in the light of the difference between events and states : the simple past describes events in a context-dependent way while the perfect only gives stative information . aspect can be seen as imposing control on the flow of information and here ter meulen introduces three main universal aspectual classes , holes , filters and plugs which are closely related , respectively , to vendler 's classical ontological classes of activities ( "" john ran for half an hour "" ) , accomplishments ( "" john built a house "" ) and achievements ( "" john won the race "" ) . ter meulen introduces the notion of situated reasoning about time : according to her , there is a temporal vantage point in a text from which reasoning about the text can proceed . this is the first ( descriptive ) factor . the second ( aspectual ) factor is the source of information , while the third factor is perspective information . new temporal information is processed against a context ( the given ) which incorporates at least the lexicon and syntax of the language , situated and logical inference rules , other semantic constraints ( presuppositions ) , the available information and the elements of the situation of use . 2 . the aspectual verbs the aspectual verbs describe the internal structure of events and are , in english , "" start "" , "" begin "" , "" commence "" , "" initiate "" , "" resume "" ( for event beginnings ) , "" continue "" , "" keep "" ( for event middles ) and "" end "" , "" finish "" , "" terminate "" , "" halt "" , "" cease "" , "" complete "" ( for event endings ) . aspectual verbs describing the middle or the end of an event carry anaphoric presupposition ( assumptions about the previous existence not of an event , but of this event ) . aspectual verbs describing the onset of an event semantically have an indefinite and existential character . verbs describing the middle of an event are quantificational verbs and holes . verbs describing the ending of events may be filters or plugs depending on whether they can be finished ( plugs ) or ended ( holes ) . there are pairs of aspectual verbs linked by a semantic contrary relation , such as "" start / finish "" , "" stop / resume "" , "" resume / finish "" , "" keep / end "" , "" continue / end "" . in dat 's , events are complex objects , constituted of individuals , their relations and a positive or negative polarity . events can be classified in similarity classes or types based on their parts . a type consists in a relation , objects and a positive or negative polarity , indicating whether the relation holds or does not hold between the objects . types can also include parameters or indeterminate objects and can be used for any constituent apart from polarities . a given situation supports the type if it matches with its constituents . for types including parameters ( parametric types ) , support depends on the existence in the situation of some objects corresponding to the parameter and satisfying both the relation and the polarity . aspectual verbs can also be described in terms of their monotonicity : if inferences , for a given aspectual verbs , are valid from smaller parts to larger parts , the verb is monotone increasing , while if inferences are valid from larger parts to smaller parts , the verbs are monotone decreasing . ter meulen then proposes the aspectual cube , that is a cube allowing the representation of the relations between aspectual verbs as well as of their monotonicity properties . each vortex in the cube has two vertical arrows of which the first represents the dynamic plugs ( upward arrow ) / static holes ( downward arrow ) while the second represents the increasing ( upward arrow ) or decreasing ( downward arrow ) monotonicity . the cube visualizes the dynamic transitions beginning with + start ; and stopping with "" end "" or "" finish "" . its bottom corresponds to stative holes , while its top corresponds to dynamic plugs , allowing four combinations of arrows in english : dynamic plugs + increasing monotonicity , dynamic plugs + decreasing monotonicity , stative holes + increasing monotonicity , stative holes + descreasing monotonicity . external negation flips the left arrow changing the dynamicity , while internal negation flips the right arrow . finally , there is an arrow kinematics , whereby the combinations of arrow given above gives a dynamic or stative aspect , this being always determined by the right arrow ( i . e . the value of the combination is always the value of the right arrow ( upward = plug ; downward = hole ) . 3 . dynamic aspect trees ( dats ) dats are a way of graphically representing information about events in directed graphs where nodes , labeled with descriptive information , can be either holes or plugs . each dat has a unique source node ( a plug ) , which is the rightmost terminal node , corresponding to the utterance event and determining the perspective . any information in the past tense has preceded the source and is represented by nodes on a branch to the left of it . present information include the source . thus left-to - right order represents the flow of time while downward arrows represent temporal inclusion . dats are used for temporal reasoning about the past ( though they do not allow modalities and counterfactuals ) . there is also in a dat a single root node , dominating all the other nodes , including the source , and representing the entire episode described . there is also a current node , which is the last constructed one and which can opened ( hole ) or closed ( plug ) , this property determining how the next information will be processed . if the current node is a plug , the new information will be represented as a new node descending from one of the current node 's parent nodes , usually the lowest compatible parent node . simple past tense clauses introduce new nodes , while states , quantificational relations , perfect clauses with "" have "" and progressive clauses are introduced as stickers on the current node , if it is a plug , or on the next node , if it is a hole . stickers are portable and can be transmitted to new nodes when the dat grows . introducing a new node independent of the current one indicates a change in perspective . a path connecting a set of labeled nodes to the root is a chronoscope and the current chronoscope is the one containing the current node . compatibility relations ( which are symmetric , reflexive and transitive ) are determined both lexically and through the entailment relations between types on the same chronoscope . the notion of chronoscope is one of the main device of temporal reasoning in dats , allowing for persistence , i . e . the preservation of information . however , temporal reasoning depends on the current node , the search for a conclusion starting at the current node . dats are structured semantic objects rather than linguistic expressions and , as such they follow semantic rules . they are interpreted in event structures into which they are embedded and which allow temporal reasoning if they obey semantic constraints . interpretability for a text depends on the possibility of constructing a dat which can be embedded in an event structure obeying these constraints . an embedded dat describes an episode if the event structure in which it is embedded provides values for it . a text is true if the episode described in the dat is part of the world . 4 . states , generic information and constraints stative information are always represented as stickers on nodes in dats , but some states are more permanent than others , this difference being represented as portability conditions in perspective shifts . there are thus rules for downward portability conditions of stickers and for portability conditions for accommodation . portability conditions differ for perfect states and for progressive states . generic stative information is also represented by stickers and can be imported upward depending on whether the property is predicated under default to the members of a given category or on whether it is predicated of the category itself rather than of its members and on whether it appears in conditionals or under temporal quantification . 5 . perspectives a dat gives a certain perspective on the episode it describes and the same episode may be described in different dats , each giving a different perspective on it . this means that dats on the same episode can lead to different conclusions . changes of perspective depend on the rule used for the updating : hole or sticker rules do not change the perspective , plug or filler rules do . in other words , changes of chronoscope correspond to changes of perspective and depend on the status of the current node . there is , however , more to perspective than just creating a new chronoscope when updating the dat : the other possibility goes through perspective refinement . perspective refinement corresponds to the unplugging of a plug which turns it into a hole , allowing the addition of new information under it . the notion of perspective is strongly dependent on the compatibility of information or , more generally , on coherence and it is one of the merits of dat to allow for a more precise content to the rather slippery notion of coherence , relying on the rules for dat construction and the notion of chronoscope . perspective refinements usually correspond to flashbacks and consist of three operations : unplugging nodes in old chronoscopes , resetting the current node to an old one and making the existing nodes and the new nodes just added independent though they are dominated by the same ancestor . ter meulen proposes a tentative definition of such a flashback process . she notes that perspective allows perspective binding of np anaphora and proposes a perspective constraint to deal with it . finally ter meulen outlines the possibility of three-dimensional dats , the third dimension allowing for the representation of independent structures of nodes , though communality of the root is preserved . such three dimensional dats would be called scenarios though each part of such dats with a unique source would still describe an episode . parts of scenarios which incorporates different simultaneous episodes are scenes . 6 . a fragment of english in this chapter , ter meulen gives a syntactic and semantic account of a fragment of english , as "" a laboratory environment for the theory of interpretation "" ( 93 ) , as well as a recapitulation of the rules for dat construction and updating . 7 . epilogue dats allow for the simultaneous encoding of three types of information : aspectual control of information through the open / closed property of nodes , temporal part / whole relations between events , and descriptive information through the types labeling the nodes . dats are compatible with aristotelian realism as defined by barwise and perry , that is , with the view that the structure of information depends on the natural world . a distinction should be made , according to ter meulen between interpreting an utterance to extract the information it contains and evaluating the truth-value of that information . appendix in this appendix which has been added in the paperback edition , ter meulen has provided exercises on dat construction as well as a comparison between drt and dats . i will only comment on that second part of the appendix . as ter meulen notes , dats stems partly from drt . nevertheless and though dat logic is not developed enough to allow for a complete comparison , there are quite a few differences between them : dats account for inference from simple past to past perfect or progressive , for portability conditions of stative information in chronoscopes and for aspectual verbs , which drt does not ; drt accounts for temporal adverbials and for temporal interpretation of subordinate clauses , which dats do not ; dats substitute the notion of current chronoscope to the notion of temporal reference point used in drt . finally dats characterize valid logic inference as depending crucially from the current node , while drt characterizes valid logic inference classically , as logical consequence . 1 . 1 . critical evaluation ter meulen 's book is highly stimulating , original and interesting . it must be read by anyone interested in time , tense and aspect . all the criticisms which can be leveled against it come from one reason : the fact that the book is much too short . this means that though it is clear enough , it is rather difficult to read . it is also quite frustrating in that , for instance , though ter meulen does explain how to construct dats ( in chapter 3 ) and gives detailed rules , there is not enough step by step examples of dats in the book ( as for example , there was in kamp and reyle 1993 ) . in much the same way , one would have liked to have a much more detailed comparison with alternative accounts , such as drt , the parsonian account of events or , more generally , aktionsart . the appendix , which has been added in the paperback edition ( 1997 ) and which did not exist in the first hardback edition ( 1995 ) , is not really enough to satisfy both of these complaints . ter meulen 's book hints about a relation between reference to objects and reference to time ( the indefiniteness of the argument nps of a given verb may influence the interpretation of the clause , and , notably , aspect ) . all of these hints are very interesting and , again , a longer book might have given the author more scope to develop those intuitions . thus one can only hope that this interesting book will be followed by a bigger one , in which dat logic could be developed more fully , contrasted with alternative approaches and where ter meulen could describe more precisely her suggestions regarding perspective and the interaction between the semantic aspect in dats and the commonsense reasoning whose necessity she acknowledges but which she does not deal with in her book . finally , ter meulen 's book was published at the same time as pustejovsky 's work on the lexicon , thus she does n't make use of pustejovsky 's system . it would be nice to know if an intersection between these approaches can be made . references kamp , h . & reyle , u . ( 1993 ) : from discourse to logic , dordrecht , kluwer . parsons , t . ( 1990 ) : events in the semantics of english , a study in subatomic semantics , cambridge mass . , mit press . pustejovsky , j . ( 1995 ) : the generative lexicon , cambridge mass . , mit press . reviewer : anne reboul , research fellow at the cnrs ( national center for scientific research ) france . phd . in linguistics , phd in philosophy , currently working in the center for computer research in nancy , in the team dedicated to man-machine dialogue . she has written quite a few papers both in french and in english , is the co-author of the dictionnaire encyclopedique de pragmatique ( paris , le seuil . english translation in preparation for basil blackwell , oxford ) and is the 1997 bronze medalist for linguistics at cnrs . anne reboul loria-cnrs bp 239 54506 vandoeuvre - les - nancy france < anne . reboul @ loria . fr >
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2169,"Subject: computational linguistics / phd students
 
 2nd call for papers 2nd annual cluk research colloquium ( cluk = computational linguistics u . k . ) january 11th - 12th 1999 university of essex the cluk colloquia aim to offer phd students in natural language processing and related disciplines an opportunity to present and discuss their work with members of the wider research community . the colloquia are organised as mini-conferences . candidates submit an abstract , which is refereed by the cluk programme committee . presentations are held in conference style sessions , to which senior established researchers are invited . the 2nd annual cluk research colloquium will be held at the university of essex , on monday 11th and tuesday 12th of january 1999 . this year , we are pleased to announce two invited speakers to the event : professor johanna moore ( university of edinburgh ) dr rens bod ( university of leeds ) details can be found on http : / / cswww . essex . ac . uk / staff / udo / cluk . the pages will be updated on an ongoing basis . for more information about the university of essex , the campus and how to get there , see http : / / www . essex . ac . uk / about / main . html - call for papers : dates and format authors are requested to submit a 500 word abstract of their presentation ( including name , address , email address and title ) to : anne de roeck department of computer science university of essex . wivenhoe park colchester co4 3sq email : deroe @ essex . ac . uk submissions as emailed ascii text are preferred , but hardcopy format will be accepted . submission deadline : november 23rd notification of acceptance : december 14th abstracts will be refereed by the programme committee : anne de roeck , university of essex ( chair ) adam kilgarriff , university of brighton diana maynard , manchester metropolitan university mark moens , university of edinburgh nicholas ostler , linguacubun ltd . john tait , university of sunderland carole tiberius , university of brighton yorick wilks , university of sheffield the cluk committee will actively pursue a means of publishing selected full papers in a journal or monograph series . - local arrangements and cost the meeting will start at 11 am on january 11th , and will finish after lunch on january 12th . it is organised by the organising committee ( email : cluk2 @ essex . ac . uk ) : anne de roeck udo kruschwitz nick webb rachele winn - secretarial cost of participation is 55 ukp and includes tea / coffee , lunches and dinner with wine . accommodation will be in local hotels . participants are expected to book their own accommodation , though we will provide information and assist where we can . problems should be addressed to cluk2 @ essex . ac . uk . an on-line registration page can be found on our website ( see above ) .
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2170,"Subject: semitic syntax conference & morphology workshop
 
 call for papers conference : the syntax of semitic languages ( june 26-27 ) workshop : the morphology of semitic languages ( june 23 ) after a very successful first semitic syntax conference at usc in may 1988 , the department of linguistics at the university of illinois at urbana - champaign invites abstracts for the second semitic syntax conference to be held june 26-27 , 1999 . the conference will be preceded by a workshop on semitic morphology to be held june 23 , 1999 . both events will take place during the linguistic society of america summer institute ( june 21 - july 30 ) which will be held at the university of illinois at urbana - champaign ( website : http : / / www . beckman . uiuc . edu / linginst ) . participants will be selected on the basis of refereed anonymous abstracts , to be judged by a selection committee . each talk will be 40 minutes long with an additional 15 minutes for discussion . please send 10 copies of an anonymous abstract , at most 2 - pages long ( including examples and references ) . please enclose a 3x5 card with submission stating name of paper , name of author , affiliation and address , including e-mail address , phone number , and indicate clearly whether the paper is for the conference or the workshop . the name of the author should not appear on the abstract . submissions by e-mail or fax will not be accepted . abstracts should be postmarked no later than march 15 , 1998 , and sent to : abbas benmamoun department of linguistics 4088 flb university of illinois at urbana-champaign urbana , il 61801 usa please check out the semitic linguistics archives where unpublished papers on semitic languages can be posted and downloaded . the address is : http : / / www . usc . edu / dept / las / linguistics / semitic / please direct all inquiries about the conference and workshop to : abbas benmamoun email : e-benma @ uiuc . edu tel : ( 217 ) 333-7129 fax : ( 213 ) 333-3466 organizing committee joseph aoun ( usc ) abbas benmamoun ( uiuc ) hagit borer ( usc )
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2171,"Subject: computational linguistics / tutorials
 
 call for tutorial proposals tutorials chair : richard sproat bell labs - lucent technologies rws @ research . bell-labs . com call the acl ' 99 program committee invites proposals for the tutorial program for acl ' 99 , to be held at the university of maryland , college park , md , usa , june 20 - - 26 , 1999 . the tutorials for acl ' 99 will be held on june 20th . each tutorial should be well-focused so that its core content can be covered in a three hour tutorial slot ( including a 30 minute break ) . in exceptional cases , 6 - hour tutorial slots are possible as well . there will be space and time for at most four three-hour tutorials . submission details proposals for tutorials should contain : * a title and brief ( < 500 word ) content description of the tutorial topic . * the names , postal addresses , phone numbers , and email addresses of the tutorial speakers , with one-paragraph statement of the speaker 's ( s ' ) research interests and areas of expertise . * any special requirements for technical needs ( computer infrastructure , etc . ) proposals should be submitted by electronic mail , in plain ascii ( iso8859 - 1 ) text as soon as possible , but no later than december 18th , 1998 . the subject line should be : "" acl 99 tutorial proposal "" . please note : proposals will not be accepted by regular mail or fax . please submit your proposals and any inquiries to : richard sproat , acl ' 99 tutorials chair bell laboratories , lucent technologies 600 mountain avenue , murray hill , nj 07974 usa rws @ research . bell-labs . com practical arrangements accepted tutorial speakers must provide descriptions of their tutorials for inclusion in the conference registration material by march 1 , 1999 . the description must be provided in three formats : a latex version that fits onto v 1 / 2 page ; an ascii ( iso8859 - 1 ) version that can be included with the email announcement ; an html version that can be included on the conference home page . tutorial speakers will provide tutorial materials , at least containing copies of the overhead sheets used , by may 1 , 1999 . finances : the current acl policy is that tutorials are reimbursed at the following rate : $ 500 per session plus $ 25 per registrant in the range 21-50 plus $ 15 per registrant in excess of 50 . note that this is per tutorial , not per presenter : multiple presenters will split the proceeds , the default assumption being an even split . the acl does not usually cover travel expenses except where the presenter ( s ) cannot get them through the usual mechanisms : for acl members we assume that they would be coming to the meeting anyway . for people who are not acl members , we would expect to pay for costs that they cannot get reimbursed elsewhere . important dates submission deadline for tutorial proposal : 18 dec 1998 notification of acceptance of tutorial proposal : 28 dec 1998 tutorial descriptions due to tutorial chair : 1 mar 1999 tutorial course material due to tutorial chair : 1 may 1999 tutorials date : 20 june 1999
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2172,"Subject: computational linguistics / general and thematic sessions
 
 acl ' 99 call for papers 37th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics 20 - - 26 june , 1999 university of maryland [ you may find it easier to read this information on the web at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 ] 1 . paper sessions 1 . 1 topics of interest in a break with tradition , at this year 's acl conference we are experimenting with a new format . the technical sessions of the conference will be of two kinds . there will be general sessions of the kind that have formed the conference programme in the past ; however , there will also be a number of special thematic sessions , somewhat like a special issue of a journal , organised around themes proposed by members of the computational linguistics community . our aim is to incorporate some of the intensity and excitement of the traditional post-conference workshops , without replacing those workshops . the conference structure will mean that the thematic sessions will run as parallel sessions , resulting in smaller and more focussed audiences . when you submit a paper to the conference , you will need to consider whether you want to present the paper in the general sessions or in one of the thematic sessions , which are listed below . for the general sessions , papers are invited on substantial , original , and unpublished research on all aspects of computational linguistics , including , but not limited to : pragmatics , discourse , semantics , syntax and the lexicon ; phonetics , phonology and morphology ; interpreting and generating spoken and written language ; linguistic , mathematical and psychological models of language ; language-oriented information retrieval and information extraction ; corpus-based language modeling ; machine translation and translation aids ; natural language interfaces and dialogue systems ; approaches to coordinating the linguistic with other modalities in multi-media systems ; message and narrative understanding systems . papers submitted to the thematic sessions are more narrowly targeted at specific topics . the complete list of thematic sessions is as follows ; further information about each can be found at the indicated url . d1 : dialogue management in interactive spoken dialogue systems chairs : diane litman and marilyn walker motivation : the advent of real-time interactive spoken dialogue systems poses special challenges for dialogue management . topics : evaluation , dialogue strategies , repair , system integration , learning / optimizing system behavior , corpus analysis , robust processing , and the requirements dialogue places on generation , speech recognition and synthesis . http : / / www . research . att . com / ~ diane / acl99 - theme . html d2 : discourse tagging : uses , results and applications chairs : marilyn walker , julia hirschberg and owen rambow motivation : empirical approaches to discourse processing often rely on tagging texts or dialogues with discourse tags from a wide range of tag sets . topics : discourse tagging for training or testing models of discourse structure , reference , translation , speech acts , topic identification , and speech recognition . http : / / www . research . att . com / ~ walker / dtag-acl 99 . html d3 : corpus - based approaches to discourse and dialogue chair : nancy ide this theme treats corpus-based work on any aspect of discourse and dialogue analysis , including co-reference , segmentation , discourse structure , parsing , generation , etc . , especially in the light of relevance to practical applications . http : / / www . cs . vassar . edu / ~ ide / calls / acl99 - discourse . html d4 : lexicon and discourse : connections through structure and semantics chairs : laurence danlos , alistair knott , and bonnie webber motivation : with the lexicon becoming a central resource for computing properties of the sentence , one may consider similar gains for computing properties of discourse . topics : lexical semantics of discourse connectives and focus particles , discourse and lexical interpretation , lexicalized grammars for discourse . http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ alik / acltheme . html i1 : nlp techniques for cross - language information retrieval chair : douglas oard motivation : systems that use queries or examples in one natural language to find text or speech in another are becoming increasingly important . topics : nlp techniques for query translation , cognate matching and interlingual matching techniques , cross-language gisting using summarization or gloss translation . http : / / www . clis . umd . edu / conferences / acl99clir / i2 : exploring the limits of shallow parsing chair : gregory grefenstette shallow parsing techniques provide a partial analysis of the syntactic structures . theme covers research into : quantifying identifiable linguistic phenomena in a corpus ; evaluating accuracy of dependency relations extracted by shallow parsers ; approximation of full parsing with shallow parsers . http : / / www . xrce . xerox . com / research / mltt / dmhead / acl99 i3 : information extraction from spoken language data chairs : lynette hirschman and david palmer motivation : identifying relevant syntactic and semantic items ( such as names , dates , and events ) in speech data requires robust processing of misspellings , transcription errors , tokenization ambiguities and disfluencies . topics : algorithms , architectures , and evaluation techniques for noisy data information extraction vhttp : / / raven . bu . edu / conferences / acl-ie99 / i4 : natural language processing for interactive information retrieval chair : hinrich sch | tze this theme solicits papers that use nlp to enable better interactive information retrieval . examples include query analysis , disambiguation , and classification of queries into semantic hierarchies , but we are especially interested in novel ideas . ftp : / / parcftp . xerox . com / pub / qca / schuetze / acl99 . html i5 : robust sentence - level interpretation chairs : carolyn penstein rose and alon lavie in contrast to information extraction and shallow parsing techniques , in this session we focus on robust approaches to full sentence interpretation , with an emphasis on empirical evaluation . topics : pre-parsing repair , robust parsing , post-parsing repair , and user interaction . http : / / www . pitt . edu / ~ rosecp / topic . html i6 : topic detection chairs : james allan and bruce croft we examine discovering structure and themes across many texts : finding the topics that underlie the text . it includes summarization , theme extraction , tdt detection , concept extraction , high-quality clustering , and related evaluations . http : / / ciir . cs . umass . edu / acl99 l1 : parsing of inflective , agglutinative and / or free word order languages chair : jan hajic parsing of languages displaying non-analytical , non-fixed word order behavior to a large extent poses specific problems which are expected to be addressed . all aspects of dealing with such problems are welcome , including morphological , syntactic and semantic processing . http : / / ufal . ms . mff . cuni . cz l2 : mt / nlp for languages of low diffusion chairs : doug jones and boyan onyshkevych motivation : adequate large-scale mt or other nlp systems do not exist for the bulk of the world 's languages , nor are there significant on-line resources for them . topics : how to build large-scale mt / nlp systems and resources for these other languages ; how to leverage minimal resources ( including native language expertise ) l3 : word segmentation and lexical acquisition in asian languages chair : masaaki nagata motivation : exchange ideas and experiences on word segmentation among asian researchers as well as between asian and western researchers . topics : theories and applications of tokenization and dictionary construction techniques for languages that do not put space between words , such as chinese , japanese , and thai . http : / / www . milab . is . tsukuba . ac . jp / word-seg - acl99 m1 : automated analysis and evaluation of free text chairs : jill burstein and claudia leacock motivation : to bring together researchers who are interested in the evaluation of essays and other free text for purposes of assessment and instruction . topics : identification and analysis of textual features ; generation of feedback to authors ; evaluation of system results . http : / / www . ets . org / research / acl99 . html m2 : the use of large - coverage lexical resources for tagging and parsing chair : max silberztein motivation : to present dictionary-based projects and results whose starting point is either machine readable dictionaries , raw lists or large corpora topics : large-coverage lexical resources , construction of dictionaries , corpus processing http : / / www . ladl . jussieu . fr / confs / acl99 / acl99 . html m3 : prosody modelling in nlg / speech generation chairs : elke teich and sandra williams motivation : integrating natural language generation and speech synthesis . topics : reconciling syntactic , semantic and prosodic representations ; determination of intonation focus and contour according to context ; adaptations of nlg architectures for speech generation . http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / ~ swilliam / acl99theme / m4 : design , implementation , and uses of controlled languages chairs : tony hartley and cecile paris motivation : controlled languages are increasingly used to enhance readability , facilitate automatic processing of documents , and guide input to generation systems . important concerns are the development and enforcement of controlled languages . topics : authoring environments , design principles , corpus analysis , controlled language applications . http : / / www . itri . brighton . ac . uk / events / acl99 / clang . html m5 : computational psycholinguistics chair : philip resnik motivation : discussing empirical and theoretical studies on psychologically motivated computational models of human language processes , as opposed to nlp applications , emphasizing non-introspective data , statistical methods , and the relationship between linguistic competence and performance . topics : computational studies involving processes such as lexical access , parsing , interpretation , generation , disambiguation , acquisition . http : / / umiacs . umd . edu / ~ resnik / acl99 _ cpl / before submitting a paper to a thematic session , you should read the information about each of these themes provided on the separate web pages . during the conference itself , some sessions may be video-taped . presenters will be alerted to this possibility and will be able to request that the cameras are turned off during their presentations . 1 . 2 requirements requirements are the same regardless of whether your are submitting a paper to the general sessions or the thematic sessions ; see the separate call for student papers for information on requirements for papers submitted to the student sessions . papers should describe original work ; they should emphasize completed work rather than intended work and they should indicate clearly the state of completion of the reported results . wherever appropriate , concrete evaluation results should be included . a paper accepted for presentation at the acl meeting cannot be presented or have been presented at any other meeting with publicly available published proceedings . papers that are being submitted to other conferences must indicate this on the title page . 1 . 3 format for submission the format of submissions is the same regardless of whether your are submitting a paper to the general sessions or the thematic sessions ; see the separate call for student papers for information on requirements for papers submitted to the student sessions . authors should submit preliminary versions of their papers for review , not to exceed 3200 words ( exclusive of references ) . papers should be headed by a title page containing the paper id code ( see below ) , the names of all authors , the title , a short ( 5 line ) summary , up to five keywords specifying the subject area ( for the general sessions ) or an indication of the thematic session to which the paper is being submitted , the word count ( excluding figures and bibliography ) and a notice of multiple submission , if required . papers outside the specified length and / or without an id code are liable to rejection without review . to identify each paper , an id code must be acquired by filing an electronic paper registration form , available on the web at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 / register . html : on successful completion of this form an id code will be sent to the designated author by e-mail . if you cannot access the electronic paper registration form , send email to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au with subject idform for an automatic reply . to assist in the refereeing process , we would be very grateful if authors prepare a web-browsable ( e . g . html , postscript , pdf ) electronic version of their papers . the electronic paper registration form contains a field where you can provide this information . we strongly recommend the use of acl - standard latex ( plus bibstyle and trivial example ) or word style files for the preparation of submissions . these styles include a place for the required information such as id code and word count , and allow for a graceful transition to the style required for publication . these files are available from the conference web site at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 . if you cannot use the acl - standard styles directly , a description of the required format is at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 / style / substyle . html . if you cannot access this web page , send email to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au with subject substyle for an automatic reply . 1 . 4 submission and reviewing procedure the submission procedure is the same regardless of whether your are submitting a paper to the general sessions or the thematic sessions ; see the separate call for student papers for information on submission details for papers submitted to the student sessions . four ( 4 ) paper copies of each paper ( printed on both sides of the page if possible ) should be submitted to the following address : acl programme committee c / o ken church at&t labs - research 180 park ave , office d235 po box 971 florham park nj 07932-0971 usa enquiries can be addressed to the programme committee by email at acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au ( robert dale , chair and ken church , co - chair ) . in extreme cases , if you cannot make contact electronically you can reach us by sending a fax , clearly marked "" acl programme committee "" , to + 61 2 9850 9529 . this fax number is for information enquiries only . please note that faxed submissions of papers are not acceptable . reviewing of papers submitted to the general sessions will , as in previous years , be managed by an international conference programme committee consisting of area chairs , each of whom will have the assistance of a team of reviewers . reviewing of papers for the thematic sessions will be managed by the chairs of the thematic sessions , with the assistance of teams of reviewers ; final decisions on the technical programme content ( both general sessions and thematic sessions ) will be made by the programme committee . 1 . 5 schedule submissions must be received by january 25th 1999 . late submissions ( those arriving on or after january 26th 1999 ) will be returned unopened . acknowledgements will be emailed soon after receipt . notification of acceptance will be sent to authors ( by email ) on march 22nd 1999 . camera - ready copies of final papers prepared in a double-column format , preferably using a laser printer , must be received by may 3rd 1999 , along with a signed copyright release statement . detailed formatting guidelines will be provided to authors with their acceptance notice . the paper sessions , including general , theme and student papers , will take place on june 23rd - - 26th 1999 . 2 . student sessions there will again be special student sessions organized by a committee of acl graduate student members . acl student members are invited to submit short papers on any of the topics listed above for the general sessions . the papers will be reviewed by a committee of students and faculty members for presentation in workshop-style sessions and publication in a special section of the conference proceedings . a separate call for papers for the student sessions is being issued and is available at http : / / www . cs . utoronto . ca / ~ melanie / acl99 / . 3 . tutorials the meeting will include a programme of tutorials on june 20th 1999 immediately preceding the workshops and technical sessions , and at the same venue as the conference . a separate call for tutorial proposals is being issued and is available at http : / / www . bell-labs . com / project / tts / acl99tut . html . 4 . workshops as in other years , acl ' 99 will be accompanied by a number of workshops . these will be held on june 21st - - 22nd 1999 , immediately after the tutorials and before the technical sessions . the acl has a policy on workshops . a separate call for workshop proposals will be issued soon . 5 . demos a separate call for demo proposals will be issued at a later date . 6 . venue and local organisation the conference will be held at the university of maryland from 20th through 26th june , 1999 . the local arrangements committee is chaired by bonnie dorr ; see http : / / www . umiacs . umd . edu / research / clip / acl99 / index . html for local arrangements information . 7 . timetable the dates here pertain only to the general sessions and thematic sessions : see the separate calls for student session papers , tutorial proposals and workshops for the timetabling associated with those elements of the conference . paper submissions deadline : january 25 , 1999 notification of acceptance : march 22 , 1999 camera ready papers due : may 3 , 1999 acl ' 99 conference : june 20 - - 26 , 1999
",0
2173,"Subject: cognitive linguistics
 
 theme session call for papers 6th international cognitive linguistics association ( icla ) conference ( stockholm , july 1999 ) typological research on signed languages : cognition and discourse structure session coordinators : sherman wilcox and terry janzen several hundred signed languages are known to exist in the world , used within communities in which the signed language is the primary language . most grammatical description of these languages , however , is not extensive , and is confined to no more than a handful of these languages . there is speculation that signed languages may share a significant number of linguistic features even when such languages are genetically unrelated , due in part to their common use of the hands and body as articulators and the eyes , rather than ears , as perceptual organs . very little actual work , however , has been carried out with respect to which specific grammatical features are shared , and which may differ . many questions surrounding the relationship between cognition and signed language structure involve the cross-linguistic typology of structural and semantic categories . it is not yet clear , however , whether certain linguistic features of signed languages emerge cross-linguistically because users of these languages employ similar articulatory and perceptual systems , and how much variation between and within particular categories exists . the purpose of this session is to focus on information processing and discourse structure as typological features among signed languages . a cognitive approach to this topic assumes that signers will structure their discourse to best represent and convey what is cognitively salient , and that the grammar that emerges within a community of language users will reflect this cognitive motivation . we invite papers which focus on cognition and features of discourse structure in a variety of signed languages , with the intention of facilitating discussion among researchers regarding typological features . abstracts ( 700 to 1400 words ) are invited , and should be submitted by november 31 to each of the following : wilcox @ unm . edu tjanzen @ post . rrcc . mb . ca = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = sherman wilcox , ph . d . associate professor dept . of linguistics university of new mexico albuquerque , nm 87131 http : / / www . unm . edu / ~ wilcox
",0
2174,"Subject: semitic syntax and morphology
 
 call for papers conference : the syntax of semitic languages ( june 26-27 ) workshop : the morphology of semitic languages ( june 23 ) after a very successful first semitic syntax conference at uscin may 1998 , the department of linguistics at the university of illinois at urbana - champaign invites abstracts for the second semitic syntax conference to be held june 26-27 , 1999 . the conference will be preceded by a workshopon semitic morphology to be held june 23 , 1999 . both events will take place during the linguistic society of america summer institute ( june21 - july 30 ) which will be held at the university of illinois at urbana - champaign ( website : http : / / www . beckman . uiuc . edu / linginst ) . participants will be selected on the basis of refereed anonymous abstracts , to be judged by a selection committee . each talk will be 40 minutes long with an additional15 minutes for discussion . please send 10 copies of an anonymous abstract , at most 2 - pages long ( including examples and references ) . please enclose a 3x5 card withsubmission stating name of paper , name of author , affiliation and address , including e-mail address , phone number , and indicate clearly whether thepaper is for the conference or the workshop . the name of the author shouldnot appear on the abstract . submissions by e-mail or fax will not be accepted . abstracts should be postmarked no later than march 15 , 1999 , and sent to : abbas benmamoun . department of linguistics , 4088 flb . university of illinois at urbana-champaign . urbana , il 61801usa conference website : http : / / www . beckman . uiuc . edu / groups / cs / linginst / conferences / semitic . html please check out the semitic linguistics archives where unpublished papers on semitic languages can be posted and downloaded . the address is : http : / / www . usc . edu / dept / las / linguistics / semitic / please direct all inquiries about the conference and workshop to : abbas benmamoun email : e-benma @ uiuc . edu tel : ( 217 ) 333-7129 fax : ( 213 ) 333-3466 organizing committee joseph aoun ( usc ) abbas benmamoun ( uiuc ) hagit borer ( usc )
",0
2175,"Subject: structure and constituency in languages of the americas
 
 call for papers workshop on structure and constituency in the languages of the americas to be held at the university of british columbia ( vancouver , b . c . , canada ) march 26th - 28th , 1999 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * invited speakers e . czaykowska-higgins ( university of victoria ) "" accent and quality - sensitivity in salish stress "" c . reinholtz ( queen 's university ) "" aspect and negation in cree "" * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * v we invite papers which address questions of structure and constituency in the analysis of indigenous languages of north , central and south america . papers on any of the four core areas of formal linguistics ( phonetics / phonology , morphology , syntax , and semantics ) are welcome , as are papers that explore the various interfaces between these disciplines ( morphophonology , morphosyntax , syntax / semantics , semantics / discourse structure , etc . ) . the workshop is entirely open-minded as to which theoretical framework is chosen by individual presenters ( e . g . , optimality theory , head-driven phrase structure grammar , the minimalist program , or theories with a longer history ) , but presenters who work in a theory that is of recent origin ( or who work within a recent development in an established theory ) should give a brief synopsis of their chosen theoretical framework in their presentation . we are also planning a section on the analysis of texts in native american languages . participants who wish to make a presentation in this section are asked to submit a brief text ( approx . 11 / 2 pages ) in their chosen language , together with a morpheme-by - morpheme analysis and a running translation . if available , a tape-recording of the text should be played for the audience . the presentation of the text should address aspects of structure and constituency on the text-level , e . g . the coding of information structure by discourse particles , focus devices , mechanisms for topic maintenance and topic shift , etc . ( depending on the number of participants , it may be possible to present both a text and a theoretical paper , but conversely , it may be necessary to limit participants to only one presentation ( either text or theoretical paper ) ) . the workshop will be preceded by a special one-day session on thursday , march 25th 1999 , devoted to language policy and planning for indigenous languages of british columbia . workshop participants are encouraged to attend as observers . participants should send in an abstract of the presentation . abstracts should be 1 page ( a second page with references and extra examples may be included ) , and should be submitted in 4 copies with the author 's name and affiliation , at least one copy of which should be camera-ready . abstracts may also submitted by e-mail , but participants should make sure that their abstracts do not contain diacritics that e-mail cannot handle . on a vseparate submission , participants should provide the following items of information : ( i ) name ; ( ii ) address ; ( iii ) affiliation ; ( iv ) phone number ; ( v ) e-mail address . finally , limited funds may be available to partially cover travel expenses ; priority for these will be given to graduate students . indicate whether you wish to be considered for a travel subsidy , and if yes , whether you are a graduate student , postdoctoral fellow , independent scholar , sessional faculty or regular faculty . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * abstracts should be sent to : languages of the americas workshop attention : r . - m . dchaine department of linguistics buchanan e-270 , 1866 main mall university of british columbia vancouver , b . c . vv6t 1z1 canada the deadline for submissions ( to be received at ubc ) is friday , january 22nd , 1999 . the program will be announced in mid - february for further information , contact henry davis ( henryd @ interchange . ubc . ca ) or rose - marie dchaine ( dechaine @ interchange . ubc . ca ) . the advance registration fee for the workshop will be can $ 30 . 00 for non-students ( us $ 25 . 00 ) , and can $ 20 . 00 ( $ us12 . 00 ) for students . on - site registration will be in canadian funds only : can $ 40 . 00 for non-students , can $ 20 . 00 for students ( i . e . there is no late payment fee for students ) .
",0
2176,"Subject: resource logics and minimalist grammars
 
 esslli ` 99 workshop on resource logics and minimalist grammars ( deadline for submissions : march 15th 1999 ) utrecht , 16-20 august 1999 organizers : christian retor ( irisa , rennes ) edward stabler ( ucla , los angeles ) url : http : / / www . irisa . fr / rlmg e - mail : rlmg @ irisa . fr a workshop held as part of the 11th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli ` 99 ) , august 9-20 1999 , utrecht first call for papers esslli ` 99 : the main focus of the european summer schools in logic , language and information is the interface between linguistics , logic and computation . it is organized under the auspices of the european association for logic , language and information ( folli ) . foundational , introductory and advanced courses together with workshops cover a wide variety of topics within six areas of interest : logic , computation , language , logic and computation , computation and language , language and logic . previous summer schools have been highly successful , attracting around 500 students from europe and elsewhere . the school has developed into an important meeting place and forum for discussion for students and researchers interested in the interdisciplinary study of logic , language and information . esslli-99 will take place at the university of utrecht , the netherlands , august 9-20 . in its second week it will feature a worskshop on resource logics and minimalist grammars . its aim is to provide a forum for advanced ph . d . students and other researchers to present and discuss their work on the connection between minimalist grammars and resource logics . workshop background : there has been a growing interest in connections between resource-logical theories of grammar and the minimalist grammars of the transformational tradition in syntax . a good understanding of these connections will reveal substantial differences that can be debated , and the prospects also look good for identifying a valuable common ground . in particular , the rich descriptive tradition of transformational theory may become more accessible to resource-logical frameworks , and the relatively well-understood mathematical foundations of resource-logical frameworks may stimulate a more sophisticated understanding of the mechanisms of minimalist grammars . linear logic is a neat and well studied logic from a proof theoretical perspective which is able to handle both logic for syntax ( like the lambek calculus ) and logic for semantics ( like intuitionistic logic ) , and it also appears to be a sensible framework for a logical treatment of minimalist grammars . this workshop aims to bring together phd students and other researchers in the respective traditions to explore these developments . topics of interest include but are not limited to : * applications of linear logic , multimodal categorial logic , and other resource logics to linguistic problems * formal and computational studies of minimalist and other generative grammars * studies of linguistic semantics from the perspective of either tradition * assessments of the common ground and differences among these approaches to language workshop aims : this workshop aims to : * provide a setting for researchers from various traditions to present and discuss recent work on resource logics and minimalist grammars * facilitate the exchange of ideas between researchers working in these respective areas * foster a spirit of collaborative research call for papers : researchers in the area , including phd students and young researchers , are invited to submit short papers ( between 8 and 12 pages long ) describing their thesis / research topic , approach and results . talks will be 20 minutes long , with 10 minutes for discussion / questions . authors are also encouraged to submit a list of topics they would like to see discussed at the workshop . this will help to identify issues for discussion and debate . deadline for submissions : march 15 , 1999 submissions should be sent to : rlmg @ irisa . fr submissions will be accepted in the form of either postscript or self-contained latex . authors of accepted papers will be notified by may 1st 1998 . the deadline for receipt of revised papers to appear in the workshop proceedings is june 1st 1998 . workshop format : the workshop will consist of five sessions of 90 minutes each held over five days . there will be either two or three presentations at each session with time for questions and discussion . it is hoped to have at least one invited paper from a senior researcher working in the field . publication : after the workshop , authors will have the opportunity to submit papers for possible publication in the new electronic journal "" language and computation "" ( http : / / www . dcs . kcl . ac . uk / journals / jlac / ) , which is supported by oxford university press . there will be more details in the next announcement . registration : workshop contributors will be required to register for esslli-99 . important dates : march 15th , 99 : deadline for submissions may 1st , 99 : notification of acceptance june 1st , 99 : deadline for final copy august 16th , 99 : start of workshop further information : to obtain further information about esslli-99 please visit the esslli-99 home page at http : / / esslli . let . uu . nl or send an email to esslli99 @ let . uu . nl . for further information on the workshop visit the site of the workshop http : / / www . irisa . fr / rlmg or send an email to rlmg @ irisa . fr
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2177,"Subject: book : english verbs
 
 author : eugene m . russakovskii , associate professor , kharkov state automobile & highway technical university ( xadi ) , kharkov , ukraine . title : "" encyclopedia of english verb forms : rules & exceptions "" publishing houses : "" karavella "" ( kharkov , ukraine ) ; "" prestige "" ( moscow , russia ) year of publication : 1998 isbn 's : 966-586 - 036 - 4 , 588-569 - 009 - x language : russian ( verb tables are given in english ) price : $ 30 + shipping and handling "" encyclopedia . . . "" deals with all english verbs having non-standard grammatical paradigm . the book might be considered as a [ very ] far going generalization of the pages 96-120 of the well-known monograph by r . quirk , g . n . leech , s . greenbaum , and j . svartvik "" a comprehensive grammar of the english language "" . as the main subject of "" encyclopedia . . . "" is studying all english verbs with non-standard grammatical paradigm , irregular verbs are also included . one will find here 1209 irregular verbs , including 297 monomorphemic ones and 20 verbs-abbreviations . all irregular verbs are classified into 86 schemata . numerous comments related to verb forms usage are given , all schemata are described in detail . naturally , irregular verbs , can't exhaust the subject under consi - deration ! as it turned out , many questions related to non-standard verb in - flexions have been exposed by grammarians in an insufficiently severe form , and with numerous gaps ; a number of situations has not been described or those descriptions contained different errors and inaccuracies ; the set of rules regulating pronunciation and spelling of verb inflexions was non-complete ; the sets of exceptions to the formulated rules did not exist at all or contained only a small part of the corresponding verbs-exceptions . in "" encyclopedia . . . "" , we formulate an exhaustive set of rules regulating pronunciation and spelling of verb inflexions , both for bre and ame , taking into account all possible , sometimes rather curious , situations . every rule is supplied with the corresponding set of exceptions ( if there are any ) ; they are named "" ccc "" 's ( "" closely complete corpora "" ) in our book . numerous errors and inaccuracies ever met in related literature have been corrected in "" encyclopedia . . . "" . * * * * * for information on ordering please contact the author at : arus @ ilt . kharkov . ua
",0
2178,"Subject: glot international
 
 call for squibs > from lisa cheng and rint sybesma , editors of glot international next year glot international will start featuring a squib section . we invite everybody to send us squibs on any subject in any field of "" theoretical "" linguistics . since we appear monthly ( almost ! ) and our production time is relatively short , we will be able to publish squibs very soon after their acceptance . the review procedure we have set up is also geared at losing as little time as possible . what squibs are ? what squibs do ? squibs inspire . they present ideas , yet to be fleshed out but one at the time . they find connections between facts that nobody ever thought were related . they spell out the beginning of a new analysis , not necessarily daring . they give you new facts from old languages and old facts in a new guise . they come up with beautiful observations that somehow seem theoretically relevant as well . they tell you about wonderful problems and possibly only hint at a solution . and they have the length of one page in glot international , which is about 1500 words ( including the references ! ) . if you are interested in submitting a squib , please send us three hard copies and one soft copy to the addresses below . however , before sending us anything , please consult the guidelines for authors on the our web site ( www . hagpub . com / glot . htm ) or send us an e-mail if you prefer to receive the guidelines by e-mail or regular mail . our addresses : e-mail : glot @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl regular mail : lisng and rint sybesma glot international department of general linguistics leiden university p . o . box 9515 2300 ra leiden the netherlands * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * lisa cheng and rint sybesma editors glot international hil / department of general linguistics leiden university po box 9515 2300 ra leiden the netherlands fax : + 31-70 - 448-0177 http : / / www . hagpub . com / glot . htm
",0
2179,"Subject: language acquisition and language breakdown
 
 call for papers : language acquisition and language breakdown 1st language aquisition , sli & aphasics may 28-29 , 1999 utrecht university uil ots utrecht , the netherlands invited speakers harald clahsen ( university of essex ) stephen crain ( university of maryland , college park ) yosef grodzinsky ( tel aviv university ) herman kolk ( university of nijmegen ) christer platzack ( lund university ) call for papers over the last twenty years , a significant amount of research has been carried out in the fields of language acquisition and language impairment . with regard to the former , empirical and theoretical research projects have attempted to characterize children 's linguistic competence at various stages , and the development towards adult competence . in the field of language impairment , researchers have attempted to characterize the speech production and comprehension capacity of patients with specific linguistic disorders ( aphasic patients . ) the main goal of this research is to provide a picture of what part of the human language capacity is lost as a result of specific brain damage , and to characterize the patients ' linguistic knowledge or processing limitations in terms of a contemporary linguistic theory . a similar approach is characteristic of recent studies of children with specific language impairment ( sli ) . the question in this research is how to characterize , in linguistic terms , the deficit exhibited by this population . a comparison between the linguistic capacities of these populations has been a recurrent theme in many theoretical and experimental studies . are there interesting similarities between normally developing children , sli children and aphasics ? can the comparison between these populations tell researchers anything new about language acquisition or language breakdown ? what exactly is lost in aphasia - the knowledge of language or the capacity to implement this knowledge ? do normally developing children and sli children posses the relevant knowledge but are they unable to implement it ? if so , why ? or is their linguistic system different from the adult system ? what can the differences between impaired and unimpaired language development be attributed to ? the language acquisition and language breakdown conference , organized by the utrecht institute of linguistics in the framework of its language in use research program aims at bringing together researchers whose work focuses on the comparison of these populations . papers are invited for 30 - minute presentations ( plus 10 min for discussion ) . papers must focus on the comparison between the language capacities of any two or three of these populations : normally developing children , sli children , and people with aphasia . please send four copies of a two page anonymous abstract ( single space , including examples and references ) and one copy with your name and affiliation to : language acquisition and language breakdown utrecht university uil ots trans 10 nl-3512 jk utrecht the netherlands please include also a card with your name ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , the title of your abstract , your e-mail ( s ) , mailing address and telephone number ( s ) . all materials must be received by february 1 , 1999 . decisions regarding acceptance / rejection will be announced by march 10 , 1999 . there is a possibility that students whose papers are accepted for presentation will be partially reimbursed for their travel expenses .
",0
2180,"Subject: student conference
 
 call for papers for the sixth annual uta student conference in linguistics - utascil deadline for abstracts : 5pm , friday , december 11th , 1998
",0
2181,"Subject: leeds working papers in linguistics and phonetics
 
 after a period of hibernation we are pleased to announce the resumed publication of leeds working papers in linguistics and phonetics . institutions which have an exchange agreement with leeds will receive a copy in the next few weeks . other institutions interested in starting an exchange are invited to contact the editor at the address below . for individuals who wish to purchase a copy , the price per copy is 4 pounds sterling ( within eu ) , 5 pounds sterling elsewhere ( payment in pounds sterling only , please ) . contact the editor at the address below : paul foulkes department of linguistics and phonetics university of leeds leeds ls2 9jt uk p . foulkes @ leeds . ac . uk + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + the contents of issue 6 : methodological considerations in a small-scale sociolinguistic pilot study ( louise cunningham ) english [ r ] - sandhi : a sociolinguistic perspective ( paul foulkes ) the mora , compensatory lengthening , and a two-tier theory of quantity ( anthony fox ) an unusual kind of sonority and its implications for phonetic theory ( barry heselwood ) bilingualism and diglossia in sardinia ( maria chiara la sala ) language variation and innovation in middlesbrough : a pilot study ( carmen llamas ) four past tense morphemes in khalkh mongol ( diane nelson , t . t . l . davidson , narantuya , narmandah , and judith nordby ) italian radio phone-in openings : some effects of time restrictions ( barbara settineri ) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
",0
2182,"Subject: syntax / semantics of gradable adjectives
 
 kennedy , christopher ; projecting the adjective : the syntax and semantics of gradability and comparison ; 0-8153 - 3349 - 8 , cloth ; page 262 , $ 61 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics . this book investigates the core meaning and syntactic distribution of gradable adjectives : adjectives such as long , short , bright and dim , with respect to which objects can be ordered and compared . the central thesis is that gradable adjectives should be semantically characterized as measure functions : expressions that map objects onto abstract representations of measurement , or degrees . a second major claim is that degrees should be formalized as intervals on a scale , rather than discrete points , as standardly assumed . these proposals are supported by a number of empirical arguments involving the interpretation of comparative constructions in english , including scope phenomena , incommensurability , and the semantic behavior of antonymous adjectives . in addition , the semantic analysis is shown to support a straight forward compositional interpretation of syntactic representations in which adjectives project extended functional structure headed by degree morphology , thus bringing the analysis of the adjectival projection in line with current theoretical assumptions about the phrase structure and interpretation of the nominal and verbal projections . the proposals are formalized in terms of model-theoretic semantics and the principles and parameters syntactic framework . the text includes a comprehensive overview of previous approaches to the semantic analysis of gradable adjectives , as well as an introduction to some of the fundamental questions and puzzles involving the syntax and semantics of comparatives , and it presents new data which provide insight into the relation between comparatives and ellipsis . this book will be of interest to scholars in the areas of natural language semantics and the syntax-semantics interface , adjectives , comparative constructions , vagueness , antonymy , and english grammar in general . e - mail : info @ garland . com
",0
2183,"Subject: linguistic theory and computational linguistics
 
 bod , rens ( university of amsterdam ) ; beyond grammar : an experience-based theory of language ; isbn : 1-57586 - 150 - x ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 151 - 8 ( cloth ) ; 184 pp . csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . during the last few years , a new approach to linguistic analysis has started to emerge . this approach , which has come to be known under various labels such as "" data-oriented parsing "" , "" corpus-based interpretation "" and "" treebank grammar "" , embodies the assumption that human language comprehension and production works with representations of concrete past language experiences rather than with abstract grammatical rules . the models that instantiate this approach operate by decomposing the given representations into fragments and recomposing those pieces to analyze ( infinitely many ) new utterances . a probability model is used to choose from the collection of different fragments those that make up the most appropriate representation of an utterance . this book shows how this general approach can apply to various kinds of linguistic representations , ranging from phrase-structure trees , compositional semantic representations , dialogue representations , and lexical-functional grammar representations . the resulting models are utilized for the automatic acquisition of language , for harnessing ambiguity and for processing of spoken dialogue . experiments with these models suggest that the productive units of natural language cannot be defined by a minimal set of rules or principles , but need to be defined by a large , redundant set of previously experienced structures . bod argues that this outcome has important consequences for linguistic theory , leading to an entirely new view of the nature of linguistic competence and the relationship between linguistic theory and models of performance . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-publications . stanford . edu /
",0
2184,"Subject: cognitive science conference
 
 cogsci is an interdisciplinary research group , in which linguistics plays a major role . we would like to encourage linguists to submit papers to the conference . cognitive science society conference call for papers and proposals we are pleased to announce the twenty-first annual meeting of the cognitive science society on august 19-21 , 1999 . the conference site is vancouver , british columbia , on the downtown campus of simon fraser university . our goal in organizing this conference is to reflect the full spectrum of the many research areas in cognitive science . we welcome all submissions , and trust that multiple research themes will emerge naturally . we are especially interested in submissions in areas that have been under represented at recent conferences . there are six categories for submissions : spoken papers : 20 - minute spoken presentations ; reviewed and published as six-page papers in the proceedings . submission length : up to 2000 words . symposia : two - hour spoken presentations , including three or more well-integrated talks on a common topic ; reviewed and published as one-page abstracts in the proceedings . submission length : up to 1000 words . posters : standard poster presentations ; reviewed and published as 6 - page papers in the proceedings . submission length : up to 2000 words . abstract posters : poster presentations by full members of the society only ; not reviewed or published in the proceedings . submission length : up to 500 words . society members can submit abstracts for posters through march 6 , 1999 . tutorials : sessions devoted to technical tutorials may be offered . possible topics include hidden markov models , act model , cognitive task analysis , & fmri . for more information , see http : / / www . psychology . nottingham . ac . uk / staff / ritter / cogsci99 / proposals . html workshops : sessions devoted to education in cognitive science may also be offered . proposals for "" how-to "" sessions on undergraduate and graduate programs of study are requested . for more information , see http : / / depts . vassar . edu / ~ cogsci / workshops . html review process : submissions for spoken papers , standard posters , and symposia will be reviewed by these criteria : technical / theoretical merit ; relevance to a broad audience of cognitive science researchers ; clarity of presentation ; significance ; and originality . * * * * * all submissions will be refereed electronically . we require camera-ready paper copies only once accepted for publication . information on electronic submission formats can be found at our conference website : http : / / www . sfu . ca / cogsci99 / conference chair : prof . martin hahn email : cogsci99 @ sfu . ca postal mail : cogsci99 , c / o philosophy dept . , simon fraser univ . , vancouver , b . c . , v5a 1s6 deadline : all submissions must be received by february 6 , 1999 , for consideration . for cognitive science society membership information , please see http : / / www . umich . edu / ~ cogsci / or , contact the society office c / o prof . colleen seifert , univ . of michigan , 525 east university , ann arbor , mi , 48109-1109 ; phone : ( 734 ) 429-9248 ; fax : ( 734 ) 763-7480 ; email : cogsci @ umich . edu
",0
2185,"Subject: information and communication technology
 
 eurocall ' 99 ( http : / / eurocall99 . univ-fcomte . fr ) first call for papers ( deadline : 31 january 1999 ) besancon ( france ) 15 - 18 september 1999 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the yearly conference of the european association eurocall ( http : / / www . hull . ac . uk / cti / eurocall . htm ) will be held in besancon from wednesday 15th to saturday 18th september 1999 . this conference is a unique opportunity to encourage and disseminate state of the art research and applications for the use of computer mediated environments for language learning . i ) themes - - - - - - - main theme - - - - - - - - - - information and communication technology ( ict ) in varied language learning environments for parallel sessions and poster sessions , priority will be given to papers focussing on the contribution of ict to one of the following learning environments : - continuing education ; life - long learning / education . - vocational training . - open and distance learning . - language classrooms at primary , secondary and tertiary levels . - multimedia language laboratories ; language resource centres . - self - directed learning ; autonomous learning . the specific contribution of ict in one of these learning situations could be studied from the following points of view : development and implementation of hypermedia and multimedia systems ; the use of ict for providing a learning context ; the nature , the status and the role of those involved in the use of ict and their training ( teachers , trainers , facilitators , counsellors , tutors , etc . ) ; learner-centred approaches ; the role and place of ict within the larger framework of cultural , intercultural acquisition , and communicative or conceptual approaches . second theme - - - - - - - - - - - evaluation of language skills and language testing this theme will provide a framework for the theoretical and practical discussion of the contribution of ict to the evaluation of language skills from multiple approaches such as the enunciative / functional point of view to be found in the dcl and delf ( diplme elmentaire de langue francaise ) exams , or the points of view of language testing and adaptive testing . reports about ongoing european or national evaluation projects will be most welcome . these two main themes will underpin the whole conference , will be echoed in several pre-conference seminars and parallel sessions and will be taken up in keynote addresses . other themes - - - - - - - - - - - as well as the main and secondary conference themes described above , papers and presentations are invited , either at theoretical or practical levels , discussing innovations in the field of ict with a view to improving language learning and acquisition ; the relations between ict and learning models ; learner-system interaction or interaction between the agents ( learner , trainer , tutor , etc . ) through ict ; the integration of ict in training systems . the following list is merely intended as a guide and is not exhaustive : * computer mediated communication : theoretical models and sociological aspects of language learning on the internet ; virtual classrooms ; linguistic interactions ; dialog exchange systems ; e-mail exchanges ( tandems ) ; video-conferencing ; multi-modal exchanges ( audio , video ) ; moos ; chat systems ; whiteboards . * nlp ( natural language processing ) and language learning : corpus-based learning ; speech technology and computer assisted pronunciation and intonation ; electronic dictionaries for learners ; on-line spelling and style checkers ; help systems for writing , grammar-learning and error diagnosis . * hypermedia and multimedia systems : hypertext tools ; help systems for web browsing and editing ; study of the relations between the verbal and non-verbal in ict with a view to facilitating learning ; authoring systems ; evaluation of ict . * a learner model : towards a model of the learner in ict and language acquisition ; identification , influence and evaluation of learning strategies , cognitive styles and social factors . * didactics : didactic strategies and models ; which metalanguage in ict ? the role of culture . * teacher training : national and european policies in teacher training and the training of teachers in ict ; the new role ( s ) of teachers . organisation - - - - - - - - - - - the pre-conference day ( wednesday 15 sept . , 1999 ) will offer both workshops and seminars . the format of the seminars will be either that of a formal lesson / tutorial about one of the ict themes mentioned above , or that of exchanges on one particular theme focussing either on a synthesis of existing research or a discussion of new research paradigms . the conference itself ( from thursday 16 to saturday 18 ( am ) ) will offer papers given by guest speakers , parallel paper sessions , show and tell sessions , posters and an ongoing demo - fair . for more information about these activities , please look at our website . if you want to : - submit a proposal for a paper , poster or show and tell session , please use the form of the next message . proposals in english , french or any other european languages are welcome . - propose to run a workshop or a seminar , have a look at our guidelines for submissions on our website . key dates - - - - - - - - - 31 january 1999 : deadline for submitting paper , show and tell , poster abstracts . - 31 march 1999 : notification of panels ' decision . - 31 may 1999 : deadline for early bird registration fee . - 16 september 1999 : abstracts publication . - 31 october 1999 : deadline for submitting full papers . - mai 2000 : publication in recall or alsic journals . contacts - - - - - - - eurocall ' 99 laboratoire lib , universit de franche - comt 16 route de gray , 25030 besancon cedex , france tel : 33 3 81 66 64 53 fax : 33 3 81 66 64 50 email : eurocall99 @ lib . univ-fcomte . fr internet : http : / / eurocall99 . univ-fcomte . fr proposals for papers , posters or show and tell must use the submission form ( see below ) . sending your form - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the main part of the form consists of an abstract . the abstract should be 600 words long for a paper and 300 words long for a poster or a show and tell . you may use one of the three following possibilities : 1 ) the online form ( http : / / eurocall99 . univ-fcomte . fr / eng / formresu . htm ) 2 ) e-mail . send the form in the body of the e-mail ( not as an attached file ) . send your e-mail to : eurocall99 @ lib . univ-fcomte . fr 3 ) ordinary mail . send : - the form ( which includes the abstract ) on a disk using one of the following formats : word ( mac or pc ) , rtf , ascii - and a hard copy of the form . send disk + hard copy to : thierry selva eurocall99 laboratoire d ' informatique de besancon universit de franche - comt 16 , route de gray 25030 besancon cedex , france = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = submission form information about the main author 1 . last name , first name and address of the main author . last name : first name : address : zip : city : country : 2 . main author 's e-mail , phone number ( optional ) and fax number ( optional ) . e - mail : phone number : fax number : 3 . main author 's occupation . select among : [ ] primary / secondary school system : teacher , [ ] primary / secondary school system : teacher trainer , [ ] university : lecturer , university : training administrator , [ ] trainer for adults , [ ] researcher , [ ] software developer , [ ] publisher , [ ] student , [ ] other . 4 . biodata . please briefly describe ( 4 lines max ) your background in ict and language learning . biodata : 5 . is the main author a member of one of these associations ? ( ignore if not ) associations member of eurocall yes [ ] no [ ] ; membership no ( if known ) : member of calico yes [ ] no [ ] ; membership no ( if known ) : information about co-authors 6 . information about co-authors : only last and first names , institution and e-mail . co - authors : information about the submission 7 . type of submission . for more details , see below . paper [ ] poster [ ] show & tell [ ] 8 . theme of the submission . in order to help us organise topics of the parallel sessions , first select among : main theme , second theme , or other themes , as described above . then select a sub-theme in each case , when applicable . several choices are possible . 8 . 1 main theme : [ ] information and communication technology ( ict ) in varied language learning environments if you submit within the main theme , please choose one of the following sub-themes : [ ] continuing education / life - long learning / education , [ ] vocational training , [ ] open and distance learning , [ ] language classrooms at primary / secondary / tertiary levels , [ ] multimedia language laboratories / language resource centres , [ ] self - directed learning / autonomous learning . 8 . 2 second theme : [ ] evaluation of language skills and language testing 8 . 3 other themes : [ ] if your submission belongs to "" other themes "" , select among the following sub-themes : [ ] computer mediated communication , [ ] nlp ( natural language processing ) and language learning , [ ] hypermedia and multimedia systems , [ ] learner modelling , [ ] didactics , [ ] teacher training , [ ] other . 9 . title of the submission . give the title in the language of the presentation . title : 10 . abstract . give the abstract in the language of the presentation . select as appropriate : * paper : 600 words * poster : 300 words * show and tell : 300 words . give a clear description of the software e . g . type , technical specification , desired learning outcomes , design principles , stage of development ( pilot or beta-testing , etc ) , evaluation of the software , and main characteristics . abstract : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = end of form = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = details of parallel session papers , show & tell and posters a ) parallel session papers parallel session papers on special themes will give researchers and practioners the opportunity to present their papers . all papers will be subject to review by the eurocall academic panel . the review selection procedure is rigorous and papers submitted after the 31st january deadline may not be considered . each presentation should last 45 minutes ( 30 minutes for the paper and 15 minutes for discussion ) . a selection of full papers will be published in recall after the conference and sent to participants , or in the french speaking online journal alsic . b ) show and tell participants who have developed an original piece of software are invited to give a 10 min talk followed by a 30 min demonstration . c ) posters participants present work in progress in the format of a poster . the selected participants can display their work and may have access to a machine in a dedicated room for demos . time slots will be allocated and scheduled everyday for informal talks . the selection procedure for show and tell and posters is the same as for papers . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - eurocall ' 99 , septembre / september 1999 , besancon , france conference europeenne sur les systemes d ' information et de communication pour l ' aide a l ' apprentissage des langues . european conference on computer assisted language learning toile / web : http : / / eurocall99 . univ-fcomte . fr mel / email : eurocall99 @ lib . univ-fcomte . fr telecopie : 03 81 66 64 50 / fax : 33 3 81 66 64 50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
2186,"Subject: metaphor
 
 first circular and call for papers 11th euro - international systemic - functional workshop metaphor in systemic-functional perspectives 14-17 july 1999 university of gent ( belgium ) call for offers of papers and workshops we invite papers and proposals for group workshops on all aspects related to metaphor as seen from various systemic-functional perspectives . further information and instructions for the submission of abstracts and workshop proposals can be found on the workshop website at : http : / / bank . rug . ac . be / mt / workshop
",0
2187,"Subject: applied linguistics , teaching foreign language
 
 universidad de las americas , puebla de p a r t a m e n t o d e l e n g u a s fourth regional symposium on applied linguistics 21-22 may 1999 call for papers the m . a . program in applied linguistics of the department of languages of the university of the americas / la universidad de las americas invites all those interested to participate in the fourth regional symposium on applied linguistics , with special emphasis on the acquisition and teaching of foreign languages . the objective of the symposium is to provide an opportunity for academic discussion , in-depth reflexion , and development of a richer knowledge of the different modalities implicated in the processes of the acquisition and teaching of a foreign language . presentations are welcomed in english , spanish , french , and other languages on all topics within the scope of applied linguistics . in order to cover all dimensions of the problems related to the acquisition and teaching of foreign languages , the symposium organizers propose to structure the forum around sub-themes to guide the selection of presentations and plenaries . due to existence of multiple components involved in the acquisition processs and of modern approaches to the teaching of foreign languages , the following theme was chosen for 1999 : socio - cultural issues . nevertheless , note that presentations on all topics related to applied linguistics are considered as well . we welcome workshops and talks of a more theoretical nature as well as presentations aimed at classroom practices . registration and participation in the fourth regional symposium on applied linguistics where ? when ? the symposium will take place in the auditorium of la universidad de las americas - puebla , situated on the grounds of the former hacienda santa catarina martir , san andres cholula , puebla , on friday and saturday , 21-22 may 1999 . fees ? for those who wish to participate in the activities , the fees are $ 100 . 00 and $ 40 . 00 for full-time students ( note that some form of student identification is required . ) . forms of payment : cash is preferred on the first day of the symposium at registration . how ? for those who wish to attend only as participants , please inform us in advance of your intention . we accept reservations from november , 1998 . please telephone caty orozco or liliana ajuria at + 52 ( 22 ) 29-31 - 05 . for those who wish to give a presentation , please send an abstract of 250 words , indicating at the top right hand corner if it is for a workshop ( 60 mins . ) or a talk ( 30 mins . ) . here are the guidelines : 1 . send three ( 3 ) copies of an abstract of not longer than 250 words , typed , double-spaced . include a title for the abstract . 2 . give the name and academic title of each presenter . 3 . at the top left-hand corner of one of the abstracts , give the name and complete address of the main presenter . include the telephone number , fax number , and e-mail address of the main author . do not include this information on two of the abstracts . deadlines ? the abstracts must be received by the 15 of march , 1999 . regular mail , e-mail ( locastro @ mail . udlap . mx ) or faxed abstracts ( + 52 ( 22 ) 29-31 - 01 ) are acceptable . notification of acceptance to present a paper or workshop will be send out the 15 of april . presenters do not have to pay the registration fee . note that , if the guidelines are not followed as specified above , there is a risk that the abstract will not be accepted . organizing committee of the fourth regional symposium on applied linguistics departamento de lenguas , universidad de las americas ex . hacienda sta catarina martir 72820 san andres , cholula , puebla , mexico telephone : ( 22 ) 29 31 05 fax : ( 22 ) 29 31 01 virginia locastro ( 22 ) 29 31 85 locastro @ mail . udlap . mx lydia giles ( 22 ) 29 31 19 lgiles @ mail . udlap . mx magdalena mejia ( 22 ) 29 31 35 mmejia @ mail . udlap . mx symposium themes 1998 political - economis issues 1999 socio - cultural issues 2000 psychological issues 2001 technological and educational issues virginia locastro , ph . d . , ( lancaster university ) departamento de lenguas universidad de las americas 72820 puebla , mexico tel : + 52 ( 22 ) 29-31 - 05 + 52 ( 22 ) 29-31 - 85 direct fax : + 52 ( 22 ) 29-31 - 01 e-mail : locastro @ mail . pue . udlap . mx
",0
2188,"Subject: conference program ( ling . symp . & math . ling . )
 
 xxviii linguistic symposium on romance languages ( lsrl 28 ) & workshop on mathematical linguistics ( wml ) conference program all talks will take place at the nittany lion inn 200 west park avenue , state college , pennsylvania 1-800 - 233-7505 or ( 814 ) 865-8500 . for additional information , consult the conference website at http : / / www . psu . edu / lsrl / thursday , april 16 , 1998 8 : 30 pm - 11 : 00 pm registration , rotunda lobby 8 : 30 pm - 9 : 00 pm refreshments , ballroom d - e 9 : 00 pm opening remarks , susan welch , dean of the college of the liberal arts , ballroom d - e 9 : 15 pm - 10 : 15 pm invited lecture , richard kayne , new york university , "" clitic doubling , movement , and binding theory , "" ballroom d - e friday , april 17 , 1998 8 : 00 am - 9 : 00 am coffee , tea & breakfast rolls , boardrooms i & ii 8 : 30 am - 11 : 30 am registration , rotunda lobby 8 : 30 am - 5 : 00 pm book exhibits , colonial rooms i & ii special open workshop on mathematical linguistics title : what should linguists expect from mathematical linguistics ? boardrooms i & ii chair : lisa a . reed , the pennsylvania state university 9 : 00 am carlos martin - vide , rovira i virgili university gheorghe paun , romanian academy grzegorz rozenberg , leiden university & arto salomaa , university of turku "" x - families : an approach to the study of families of syntactically similar languages "" 10 : 00 am walter j . savitch , university of california , san diego "" computational complexity in language models "" 11 : 00 am - 11 : 15 am refreshment break , boardrooms i & ii parallel sessions session 1 , lsrl ( boardrooms i & ii ) chair : heles contreras , university of washington 11 : 15 am margarita suner , cornell university "" a crosslinguistic view of object shift "" 11 : 45 am jon a . franco , universidad de deusto , bilbao & errapel mejias - bikandi , university of nebraska - lincoln "" the presuppositionality condition on spanish clitic doubled objects "" 12 : 15 pm maarten de wind , university of amsterdam & holland institute of generative linguistics "" deriving heavy np - shift in french "" session 2 , wml ( assembly room ) chair : carlos martin - vide , rovira i virgili university 11 : 15 am relja vulanovic , kent state university "" grammar efficiency and the historical development of word order in french "" 11 : 45 am claude del vigna , centre national de la recherche scientifique , paris "" commands as binary relations "" 12 : 15 pm javier gutierrez - rexach , the ohio state university "" generalized minimalist grammars "" 12 : 45 pm - 1 : 45 pm lunch break session 3 , lsrl ( boardrooms i & ii ) chair : grant goodall , university of texas at el paso 2 : 00 pm heles contreras , university of washington "" negation in english and spanish : is there a neg - parameter ? "" 2 : 30 pm ricardo etxepare , l . e . i . a . , spain "" paratactic dependencies and covert merge "" 3 : 00 pm raffaella zanuttini & paul portner , georgetown university "" the independence of specifier and head of cp "" 3 : 30 pm refreshment break 3 : 45 pm invited lecture , karen zagona , university of washington "" tense construal , clausal structure , and feature checking , "" boardrooms i & ii session 4 , wml ( assembly room ) chair : walter j . savitch , university of california , san diego 2 : 00 pm manfred kudlek , universitat hamburg carlos martin - vide , rovira i virgili university & alexandru mateescu , turku centre for computer science "" an infinite hierarchy of mildly context - sensitive families of languages "" 2 : 30 pm jose f . quesada , centro de informatica cientifica de andalucia , sevilla "" overparsing "" 3 : 00 pm gerhard jager , university of pennsylvania "" on the generative capacity of multi - modal categorial grammars "" 3 : 30 pm valeria mihalache , turku centre for computer science "" grammar systems : a cooperating distributed framework for the syntax of natural languages "" 4 : 00 pm vincenzo manca , universita di pisa "" logical splicing in natural languages "" 4 : 30 pm - 4 : 45 pm wml closing remarks 5 : 00 pm - 6 : 00 pm reception , alumni fireside lounge 6 : 00 pm - 7 : 45 pm dinner break 7 : 30 pm - 8 : 00 pm refreshments , assembly room 8 : 00 pm - 9 : 00 pm public lecture on historical linguistics , philip baldi , the pennsylvania state university "" reclaimimg the linguistic past , "" assembly room saturday , april 18 , 1998 8 : 00 am - 8 : 30 am coffee , tea & breakfast rolls , boardrooms i & ii 8 : 30 am - 11 : 30 am registration , rotunda lobby 8 : 30 am - 5 : 00 pm book exhibits , colonial rooms i & ii parallel sessions session 5 ( boardrooms i & ii ) chair : margarita suner , cornell university 8 : 30 am christina m . tortora , university of michigan "" on the non - existence of non - agreeing i - subjects in romance "" 9 : 00 am grant goodall , university of texas at el paso "" passives and arbitrary plural subjects in spanish "" 9 : 30 am mihaela pirvulescu & yves roberge , university of toronto "" romanian , objects , and the structure of imperatives "" session 6 ( assembly room ) chair : holly j . nibert , the pennsylvania state university 8 : 30 am james p . giangola , general magic , inc . "" the optimization of portuguese verb representations : vowel harmony revisited "" 9 : 00 am yolanda rivera - castillo , university of houston - downtown , "" constraints on stem vowel alternations and dipthongization in spanish : a lexical account "" 9 : 30 am viola miglio , university of maryland "" towards a typology of vowel reduction phenomena in romance "" 10 : 00 am refreshment break session 7 ( boardrooms i & ii ) chair : sandra savignon , the pennsylvania state university 10 : 30 am marie - therese vinet , universite de sherbrooke "" aspectual modification and the licensing of - tu pas in quebec french "" 11 : 00 am julia herschensohn , university of washington "" minimalist access to ug in l2 french "" 11 : 30 am j . m . liceras , e . valenzuela , e . rosado university of ottawa & l . diaz , universitat pompeu fabra , barcelona "" the role of morphological paradigms in the acquisition of syntactic knowledge : n - drop and null subjects in l1 and l2 spanish "" session 8 ( assembly room ) chair : mary ellen scullen , university of louisville 10 : 30 am bernard tranel , university of california , irvine "" optional schwa deletion : on syllable economy in french "" 11 : 00 am mariapaola d ' imperio & sam rosenthall , the ohio state university "" phonetics and phonology of italian main stress "" 11 : 30 am randall gess , university of utah "" positional faithfulness vs . cue preservation : the case of nasal sequence resolution in gallo - romance "" 12 : 00 pm - 1 : 15 pm lunch break 1 : 30 pm invited lecture , donca steriade , university of california , los angeles "" lexical conservatism effects in french adjectival liaison , "" boardrooms i & ii session 9 ( boardrooms i & ii ) chair : lisa noetzel , franklin and marshall college 2 : 45 pm jairo nunes , unicamp , brazil & eduardo raposo , university of california , santa barbara "" ajectival agreement in portuguese inflected infinitives : against the necessity of non - trivial chains for f - checking "" 3 : 15 pm aafke hulk , university of amsterdam & christine tellier , universite de montreal "" conflictual agreement in romance nominals "" 3 : 45 pm marie claude boivin , massachusetts institute of technology "" case - feature checking and its consequences : evidence from en-cliticization in french "" session 10 ( assembly room ) chair : marie gillette , the pennsylvania state university 2 : 45 pm j . clancy clements , indiana university "" spanish overt case marking and basic word order : a morphological approach "" 3 : 15 pm vieri samek - lodovici , universitat konstanz "" on ' ghost ' verbs in italian nominalizations and their relevance for the unitary base hypothesis "" 3 : 45 pm anna m . thornton , universita dell ' aquila "" gender and inflectional class assignment in italian nouns "" 4 : 15 pm refreshment break session 11 ( boardrooms i & ii ) chair : paul portner , georgetown university 4 : 30 pm liliana sanchez , carnegie mellon university , "" null objects in contact varieties of spanish "" 5 : 00 pm tonia bleam , university of delaware "" object bare plurals in spanish and the semantics of personal a "" 5 : 30 pm javier gutierrez - rexach , the ohio state university "" group indefinites "" session 12 ( assembly room ) chair : margaret kehoe , the pennsylvania state university 4 : 30 pm s . j . hannahs , university of durham "" unexceptional exceptions and french glides "" 5 : 00 pm ellen m . kaisse , university of washington "" resyllabification precedes all segmental rules : evidence from argentinian spanish "" 5 : 30 pm c . wiltshire & e . maranzana , university of florida , gainesville "" geminates and clusters in italian and piedmontese : a case for ot ranking "" 6 : 00 pm - 6 : 30 pm open business meeting , boardrooms i & ii 8 : 30 pm - 10 : 00 pm banquet , the tavern restaurant , 220 east college ave . sunday , april 19 , 1998 8 : 00 am - 8 : 30 am coffee , tea & breakfast rolls , boardrooms i & ii general session 13 ( boardrooms i & ii ) chair : christine tellier , universite de montreal 8 : 30 am geraldine legendre , johns hopkins university "" revisiting french stylistic and complex inversion "" 9 : 00 am jose camacho , rutgers university "" how similar are conjuncts ? "" 9 : 30 am gorka elordieta , university of california , los angeles "" morphosyntax driving phonology : the case of french liaison "" 10 : 00 am refreshment break general session 14 ( boardrooms i & ii ) chair : geraldine legendre , johns hopkins university 10 : 30 am virginia motapanyane , university of new brunswick , saint john "" de - supines and object - to - subject raising "" 11 : 00 am ana t . perez - leroux , the pennsylvania state university "" possessor anaphors and the structure of dps "" 11 : 30 am luis silva - villar , university of california , los angeles & javier gutierrez - rexach , the ohio state university "" demonstratives and feature based derivations "" alternate speakers : phonology : travis bradley , the pennsylvania state university "" assibilation in ecuadorian spanish : a phonology - phonetics account "" semantics : elena herburger , georgetown university "" lexical ambiguity is not always evil : the case of ( ni ) - ni "" syntax : asun martinez - arbelaiz , michigan state university "" spanish double cp : evidence against government in wh - feature selection "" cecilia poletto , universita di padova & raffaella zanuttini , georgetown university "" the syntax of imperatives : evidence from rhaetoromance "" the lsrl 28 organizing committee ( marc authier , barbara bullock & lisa reed ) wishes to thank the following penn state units for their financial support of lsrl 28 : continuing and distance education the research and graduate studies office of the college of the liberal arts the department of french the department of spanish , italian , and portuguese the center for linguistics the office of international partnerships and academic linkages the department of classics and ancient mediterranean studies the department of philosophy the department of psychology we would also like to acknowledge the invaluable assistance of geoffrey conrad , lori fox benson & chuck wilson in planning this meeting of the lsrl . additional thanks to the scholars who reviewed abstracts for lsrl 28 : joseph aoun , julie auger , andrea calabrese , hector campos , gennaro chierchia , heles contreras , violeta demonte , donka farkas , randall gess , grant goodall , jorge guitart , barbara hancin - bhatt , james harris , julia herschensohn , jose hualde , haike jacobs , juana liceras , john lipski , diane massam , jean - pierre montreuil , alfonso morales - front , donna jo napoli , rafael nunez - cedeno , ana perez - leroux , paul m . postal , lori repetti , yves roberge , mario saltarelli , lisa selkirk , dominique sportiche , donca steriade , margarita suner , esther torrego , bernard tranel , co vet , marie - therese vinet , amy weinberg , lydia white , karen zagona , raffaella zanuttini & maria - luisa zubizarreta . finally , we wish to thank carlos martin - vide for organizing the concurrent workshop on mathematical linguistics ; robert berwick & walter j . savitch for serving on the wml program committee ; and philip baldi for giving an outreach lecture .
",0
2189,"Subject: head - driven phrase structure grammar
 
 first call for papers hpsg-99 6th international conference on head - driven phrase structure grammar university of edinburgh august 4 - 6 , 1999 the 6th international conference on hpsg will be held at the university of edinburgh , scotland , on august 4th to 6th 1999 , hosted by the human communication research centre and the department of linguistics . abstracts are solicited for 20 - minute presentations ( followed by 10 minutes of discussion ) which address linguistic , foundational , or computational issues relating to the framework of head - driven phrase structure grammar . special session and invited speakers the conference will feature a special session on grammatical interfaces , exploring the interaction of parts of the sign that encode different types of grammatical information , e . g . syntax / morphology , semantics / syntax , phonology / syntax , etc . this session will have a number of invited speakers , as well as submitted papers . the second call for papers will provide further details about the invited speakers . submissions for the session should be made in the same way as for the main session , but marked ' grammatical interfaces ' . submission details we invite e-mail submissions of abstracts for 30 - minute papers ( including questions and comments ) . a submission should consist of two parts : - an information sheet ( in ascii ) , containing the name of the author ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , e-mail and postal address ( es ) and a title ; - an abstract , consisting of a description of not more than 5 pages ( including figures and references ) . abstracts may be either in plain ascii or in ( unix-compatible encoded ) postscript , pdf , or dvi . abstracts can be sent to hpsg99 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk abstract submission deadline february 15th 1999 notification of acceptance april 18th 1999 publication pending final approval by the publisher , a selected number of papers will be published as a volume of the csli - series "" studies in constraint - based lexicalism "" , with series editors andreas kathol , jean - pierre koenig and sam mchombo . there will be a separate round of submission and reviewing for this volume after the conference . it is also hoped that a volume of papers on the topic of the special session will be published by oxford university press . programme committee philip miller ( lille , chair ) ronnie cann ( edinburgh , chair ) claire grover ( edinburgh , local arrangements ) bob borsley stephen mueller jong bok , kim adam przepiorkowski dimitra kolliakou enric vallduvi marie labelle frank van eynde bob levine shuly wintner paola monachesi further information web site for hpsg-99 : http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ hpsg99 / for further enquiries mail : hpsg99 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk
",0
2190,"Subject: metaphor / artificial intelligence and cognition
 
 symposium on metaphor , ai and cognition = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = at the aisb ' 99 convention , 6th - 9th april 1999 edinburgh college of art & division of informatics , university of edinburgh u . k . convention url : http : / / www . dai . ed . ac . uk / daidb / people / homes / geraint / aisb99 / cfp url for this symposium : . . . same as above . . . / 08 - metaphor call for papers the convention - - - - - - - - - - - - - the aisb ' 99 convention will be held in edinburgh in april 1999 . it will consist of 13 workshops and symposia on a wide range of themes in artificial intelligence and cognitive science . an underlying theme of the convention this year is the study of creativity , though not all of the events include a creative element . further details of aisb ' 99 will be found at the conference web site , listed above . the metaphor symposium - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - paper submissions are invited for the symposium on metaphor , ai and cognition . metaphor has been shown to arise frequently and systematically in everyday text and speech , and in specific types of discourse such as educational interchange . it is also of great practical importance in various other areas of life , including graphical representation , music , visual art and computer interface usage . it is therefore an important concern for ai ( and cognitive science generally ) . with the increasing use of computers in society , and the increasing relevance of ai to the development of people-friendly systems , the topic of metaphor must be given much more computational attention than it has been if such systems are truly to succeed . the symposium welcomes contributions on metaphor that seek to illuminate how people or ai systems do or could process metaphor , in whatever medium or form of life it appears . field studies , corpus-based studies and linguistic or philosophical analyses are also welcome , especially if they illuminate difficult processing problems that must be faced . the more computationally , processually , representationally or mathematically specific a contribution to the workshop is , the better ; but contributions that are not specific in these regards will be considered . the areas of interest of the symposium on metaphor , ai and cognition will include , but are not limited to , the following : o handling familiar ( conventional ) metaphor o handling novel metaphor o detecting metaphor in utterances , pictures , diagrams , etc . o extracting metaphorical meaning or connotations o metaphor-based reasoning o generating metaphorical utterances , diagrams , etc . o translation of metaphorical utterances o relationship of metaphor to analogy o relationship of metaphor to literal meaning o frequency of metaphor in discourse o relationship of metaphor to lexicons o effect of metaphor on comprehension , learning , etc . o effect of metaphorical views of computation , intelligence , etc . on the conduct of ai and cognitive science o relationship of metaphor to other non-literal forms of expression or cognition . papers will be selected by anonymous peer review of extended abstracts of not more than 4 a4 pages . a cover page should be supplied listing the title , and the author 's name and affiliation , but the extended abstract itself should not identify the author . deadlines are listed in the timetable , below . programme chair : john barnden school of computer science university of birmingham u . k . j . a . barnden @ cs . bham . ac . uk http : / / www . cs . bham . ac . uk / ~ jab ( + 44 ) ( 0 ) 121-414 - 3816 programme committee : richard coyne department of architecture university of edinburgh u . k . ann dowker department of experimental psychology university of oxford u . k . mark lee school of computer science university of birmingham u . k . tony veale school of computer applications dublin city university eire . yorick wilks department of computer science university of sheffield u . k . submissions should be sent to the programme chair at the following address : school of computer science the university of birmingham edgbaston birmingham b15 2tt u . k . or by email to j . a . barnden @ cs . bham . ac . uk . the following formats are acceptable : hardcopy : 4 copies by email : plain text or unix postscript * only * . timetable submission of extended abstracts : 21 december ' 98 notification of result : 20 january ' 99 submission of camera-ready copy : 12 march ' 99
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2191,"Subject: semantics : m . honcoop , dynamic excursions on weak islands
 
 from holland academic graphics dynamic excursions on weak islands by martin honcoop dynamic excursions on weak island investigates the phenomenon of weak islands within the framework of dynamic semantics . weak islands are contexts that are transparent with respect to some , though not all quantificational dependencies that involve an operator and a variable-expression . specifically , this book explores the consequences of the novel claim that weak islands reduce to the same principles of dynamic semantics that account for inaccessibility . in addition , it examines in both empirical and theoretical terms the precise relationship between the dynamic theory of weak islands and the algebraic semantic approach developed by szabolcsi & zwarts ( 1993 ) . this inquiry leads to a number of further developments of dynamic semantics , such as an intensional version of existential disclosure and an algorithm for computing the dynamic properties of an expression on the basis of its boolean properties . contents : 1 . preamble : a semantic account of weak islands 2 . a dynamic semantics 3 . dynamic binding across weak islands algaebraic versus dynamic perspectives on weak islands 5 . summary and conclusions 1998 . xx + 218 pp . isbn : 90 5569 056 2 . paperback . [ lot international series 13 . hil / leiden university dissertation . ] price for individuals ordering directly from the publisher : nlg 38 . 40 . holland academic graphics < http : / / www . hagpub . com > po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands
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2192,"Subject: socioling : m . vd haagen , caught between norms : american or british
 
 > from holland academic graphics : the english pronunciation of dutch learners caught between norms monique van der haagen this book aims to show to what extent this is true that the english pronunciation of young dutch speakers sounds more and more american . it reports on the english pronunciation of 204 secondary school pupils in amsterdam , groningen , venlo and nijmegen . in addition , it investigates what character traits these pupils associate with male and female speakers of british and american english . this was done by means of a listening test in which the pupils judged a total of twelve speakers of both varieties on a number of such traits . finally , it attempts to relate the pupils ' pronunciation to the results of attitude as well as preference tests . the production data reveal that in free speech 40 % of the occurrences of the variables investigated show an american pronunciation . the preference test shows that the pupils regard british english as the norm , but that there is a shift in preference towards american english for most of the variables . the attitude test showed that americans and britons were considered equal in social status , but americans are considered more dynamic , especially female speakers . there was a considerable difference between learners from different educational levels , and between learners from different geographical areas , but , contrary to the usual sociolinguistic finding , there was no difference between male and female subjects in any of the tests . contents : 1 . introduction 2 . method 3 . pronunciation 4 . attitudes 5 . recognition and preference 6 . conclusion 1998 . viii + 138 pp . isbn : 90 5569 055 4 . paperback . [ lot international series 12 . cls / nijmegen university dissertation . ] price for individuals ordering directly from the publisher : nlg 29 . 60 . holland academic graphics < http : / / www . hagpub . com > po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
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2193,"Subject: consciousness conference announcement
 
 society for the anthropology of consciousness a section of the american anthropological association spring annual conference 1999 call for papers march 24-28 , 1999 university of california , berkeley the faculty club conference theme manifestations of human consciousness through culture abstracts will be considered only if accompanied with full registration payment . please send your request for a registration packet to : helmut wautischer , program chair department of philosophy sonoma state university 1801 e . cotati ave . rohnert park , ca 94928 fax ( 707 ) 664-2505 wautisch @ sonoma . edu the deadline for submission of abstracts plus dues is monday , january 11 , 1999 . please request your registration packet before the 30th of november to assure timely processing during the holiday season . requests and inquiries after december 1st can be received and processed only via e-mail . for anyone wishing to do papers in the general area of language and consciousness , please cc : me at dalford @ haywire . csuhayward . edu
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2194,"Subject: malay / indonesian linguistics symposium
 
 the third symposium on malay / indonesian linguistics 24-25 august 1999 amsterdam , the netherlands short reminder : persons wishing to present a paper at the symposium are invited to submit a one-page abstract , by regular mail , email , or fax , to david gil , at any of the addresses below . deadline for submission of abstracts : 15 may 1999 early submission of abstracts is encouraged . for additional information , including the full text of the call for abstracts , plus occasional updates , visit the symposium webpage : http : / / www . ling . udel . edu / pcole / malayindonesian3 / index . htm david gil department of linguistics max planck institute for evolutionary anthropology inselstrasse 22 , d-04103 leipzig , germany telephone : 44-341 - 9952310 fax : 44-341 - 9952119 email : gil @ eva . mpg . de
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2195,"Subject: 1998 tls : exploring the boundaries between phonetics and phonology
 
 1998 conference of the texas linguistics society exploring the boundaries between phonetics and phonology march 13-15 , 1998 the university of texas at austin - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - friday , march 13th * 8 : 45 - 9 : 45 registration and coffee * 9 : 45 - 10 : 00 opening remarks * 10 : 00 - 10 : 40 natasha warner ( university of california , berkeley ) o integrating speech perception and formal phonology * 10 : 40 - 11 : 20 randall gess ( university of utah ) o phonetics vs . phonology in sound change : what ot has to say 11 : 20 - 11 : 30 break * 11 : 30 - 12 : 10 lisa lavoie ( cornell university ) o effects of prosodic structure on phonetic and phonological consonant weakening * 12 : 10 - 12 : 50 tivoli majors ( university of texas at austin ) o the parallel role of stress in vowel harmony and v - v coarticulation 12 : 50 - 2 : 30 lunch * 2 : 30 - 3 : 10 kenneth de jong ( indiana university ) bushra zawaydeh ( indiana university ) o a sketch of arabic stress and durational structure * 3 : 10 - 3 : 50 anna bosch ( university of kentucky ) kenneth de jong ( indiana university ) o syllables and supersyllables : evidence for low level phonological domains 3 : 50 - 4 : 00 break * 4 : 00 - 5 : 00 keynote address : abigail cohn ( cornell university ) saturday , march 14th 8 : 30 - 9 : 00 registration and coffee * 9 : 00 - 10 : 00 keynote address : patricia keating ( ucla ) 10 : 00 - 10 : 10 break * 10 : 10 - 10 : 50 robert j . podesva ( cornell university ) o an acoustic analysis of buginese consonants * 10 : 50 - 11 : 30 bill ham ( cornell university ) o some effects of language - specific timing strategies on vowel duration 11 : 30 - 1 : 00 lunch * 1 : 00 - 1 : 40 bushra zawaydeh ( indiana university ) o the natural class guttural : endoscopic and acoustic evidence * 1 : 40 - 2 : 20 madelaine plauche ( university of california , berkeley ) o glottalized sonorants in yowlumne * 2 : 20 - 3 : 00 ioana chitoran ( dartmouth college ) o georgian harmonic clusters : phonetic cues to phonological patterns 3 : 00 - 3 : 10 break * 3 : 10 - 3 : 50 chip gerfen ( university of north carolina , chapel hill ) paul denisowski ( university of north carolina , chapel hill ) o h ( igh ) - h ( igh ) , l ( ow ) - l ( ow ) , w ( hats ) - w ( hat ) ? * 3 : 50 - 4 : 30 scott myers ( university of texas at austin ) o surface underspecification of tone in chichewa saturday night : party ! sunday , march 15th 8 : 30 - 9 : 00 coffee * 9 : 00 - 10 : 00 keynote address : janet pierrehumbert ( northwestern university ) 10 : 00 - 10 : 10 break * 10 : 10 - 10 : 50 ayako tsuchida ( rutgers university ) o phonetic and phonological vowel devoicing in japanese * 10 : 50 - 11 : 30 allyson carter ( university of arizona ) o the phonetic manifestation of unfooted syllables : evidence from young childrens weak syllable omissions * 11 : 30 - 12 : 10 iris smorodinsky ( haskins laboratories & yale university ) o the phonology and phonetics of schwa in parisian french : an articulatory analysis for more information , see our website at : http : / / uts . cc . utexas . edu / ~ tls /
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2196,"Subject: slavic languages
 
 3rd european conference on formal description of slavic languages 1 - 3 december , 1999 hosted by the university of leipzig the slavic department of the university of leipzig is pleased to announce the 3rd european conference on formal description of slavic languages ( fdsl - 3 ) . abstracts are invited for 30 - minute talks ( 20 - minute presentation plus 10 minutes for discussion ) on the syntax , morphology , phonology , semantics , and psycholinguistics of slavic languages . presentations will be in any slavic language , english or german . deadline for receipt of abstracts : may 30 , 1999 how to submit abstracts : abstract submission must be by post ( email submissions will not be accepted ) . send 4 copies of an anonymous one-page abstract to the postal address below . one additional page with references , figures and data ( no text ) may be appended , if necessary . please include an extra sheet of paper with : - title of paper - your name ( and title ) - complete mailing address and affiliation ( or home address , if necessary ) - telephone and fax numbers - email address ( and url of personal homepage ) authors whose abstracts are accepted will be notified in mid - july 1999 . those interested in attending fdsl - 3 are invited to register their email and / or postal addresses at the conference address below ( email is preferred for all communication except submission of abstracts ) . additional information is available at the fdsl - 3 web site : < http : / / www . uni-leipzig . de / ~ jungslav / fdsl / fdsl - 3 / fdsl - 3 . html organizing committee : gerhild zybatow , uwe junghanns , grit mehlhorn , luka szucsich postal address : universitaet leipzig institut fuer slavistik fdsl - 3 organizing committee augustusplatz 9 04109 leipzig germany email : < fdsl - 3 @ rz . uni-leipzig . de > phone : + + 49-341 - 97 37 450 , - 454 fax : + + 49-341 - 97 37 499
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2197,"Subject: interdisciplinary approaches to latin america
 
 crossing boundaries : interdisciplinary approaches to latin america 29th june - 2nd july 1999 call for papers this international conference aims to explore some of the contemporary cultural debates taking place about latin america and to draw together the various strands of those debates in a multidisciplinary forum . papers might consider the various issues around modernization , hybridity , or transculturation as they apply to various fields of study . papers would be welcome in any of the following fields : cultural studies , literature ( particularly those looking at trends in contemporary narrative including neo-avantgarde and popular fiction ) , drama studies , cinema , gender studies , popular culture , comparative literature , anthropology , ethnography , sociology , linguistics , economics , politics and / or law . symposia proposed so far include ' exile : the latin american experience ' , ' indigenismo & negrismo ' , ' u . s . & latin america ' . papers should be no longer than 20 minutes . abstracts of no more than 200 words in english , spanish or portuguese should be sent , preferably by email , to the conference organisers ( see below ) , department of languages and cultural studies , university of limerick , ireland by the 31st of january 1999 . conference organizers nuala finnegan , kate quinn , nancy serrano , department of languages and cultural studies , university of limerick , limerick , ireland . tel . 353 61 202700 fax : 353 61 330316 email : nuala . finnegan @ ul . ie , kate . quinn @ ul . ie , nancy . serrano @ ul . ie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - for updates etc . , please visit our webpage : http : / / www . ul . ie / ~ neylonm / conf . html mr . michele j . neylon , department of language & cultural studies , university of limerick , limerick , ireland tel . 353-61 - 202670 http : / / www . ul . ie / ~ neylonm / index . html _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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2198,"Subject: 2nd call : germanic linguistics annual conf
 
 2nd call for papers germanic linguistics annual conference-5 ( glac - 5 ) will take place at the university of texas at austin , april 16-18 , 1999 . invited keynote speakers : prof . harald clahsen , university of essex prof . geoffrey russom , brown university we invite colleagues at all levels ( faculty and graduate students ) to submit abstracts for 30 - minute papers on any linguistic or philological aspect of any historic or modern germanic language or dialect , including english ( to 1500 ) and the extraterritorial varieties . papers from a range of linguistic subfields , including phonetics , phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics , sociolinguistics , language acquisition , contact , and change , as well as differing theoretical approaches , are especially welcome . please send to the address below a one-page , 12 - point font abstract that is headed only by the title of your paper , as well as a separate 3 "" x 5 "" index card with your name , institutional affiliation , mailing address , phone / fax numbers , e-mail address , and the title of your paper . submissions must be received by january 2 , 1999 . notifications of acceptance will be sent out by february 1 , 1999 . glac - 5 department of germanic studies e . p . schoch 3 . 102 university of texas at austin austin , texas 78712 for more information , e-mail prof . mark l . louden ( louden @ mail . utexas . edu ) or prof . mark r . v . southern ( m . southern @ mail . utexas . edu ) . you may also consult the glac - 5 website at http : / / www . utexas . edu / courses / louden / glac . html mark l . louden associate professor department of germanic languages eps 3 . 102 ut - austin austin , texas 78712 ( office ) ( 512 ) 471-4123 ( fax ) ( 512 ) 471-4025 ( home ) ( 830 ) 672-2392 - - note new area code !
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2199,"Subject: 7th european nlg workshop
 
 7th european workshop on natural language generation call for papers toulouse ( france ) , may 13-15 1999 this seventh european workshop on natural language generation will focus on all aspects of computational linguistics and industrial applications related to natural language generation . papers related to theoretical aspects , applied research and ongoing projects are encouraged . natural language generation being the study of a number of models , approaches and systems , the workshop will include , besides classical topics , scientific domains in which natural language generation plays an important role , such as speech , dialogue , multi-media interfaces , psycho-linguistics , and theoretical linguistics . relevant application domains include all types of applications ( mt , ir and ie , etc . ) in which generation plays an important role and where specific techniques or models of generation have been developed . the main topics are the following , without excluding others : - lexical aspects : phonology , morphology , syntax and semantics , - syntactic aspects , - semantic and pragmatic aspects , - speech synthesis and nlg , oral dialogue , - construction of knowledge bases for nlg , - applications of nlg : mt , summarization , report generation , etc . , - multi-media generation including graphics , numerical information , and texts in various formats , etc . , - psycholinguistic aspects of nlg : in speech production , in discourse production and management , in lexicalization , etc . - architectures for nlg , - internet and web applications using nlg . multiple submissions must be mentioned , and if the paper is accepted at several places , presentation at the workshop will be conditional to the paper been withdrawn from these other places . papers should be prepared in latex ( preferably ) or in word ( send rtf file ) , not exceeding 4000 words ( about 8 to 10 pages long ) , including references . more details about format submissions will be given soon on the workshop web site . papers must relate original , unpublished work . work in progress can also be submitted . papers must include the authors ' name , full address and e-mail . they will be reviewed anonymously . therefore , a title page must come separately , with the title of the paper , the abstract , the authors ' names and addresses , and , if appropriate , the mention of multiple submissions ( and where the paper has been submitted ) . no indication of the authors ' identity must appear in the text of the paper . deadlines : january 25th submission of papers by e-mail march 10th notification of acceptance / rejection april 15th final paper due ( paper copy ) may 13-15 workshop papers and all correspondence should be sent to stdizier @ irit . fr programme committee : christy doran wolfgang hoeppner helmut horacek eduard hovy guy lapalme kathy mccoy david mcdonald kathy mckeown chris mellish cecile paris patrick saint - dizier manfred stede michael zock local organization information : web site ( forthcoming ) : http : / / www . irit . fr / manifs / manifs . html look for : ewnlg ' 99 . the meeting will be held in toulouse downtown , in the holiday inn hotel , on the famous ` place du capitole ' , in the heart of the old town . toulouse has an international airport , with many national and european destinations . there are many places worth visiting in the city , all within about 10 minutes walking distance ( museums , old roman - style churches , 16th - 17th century private houses with inner yards , etc . ) . fees should be around 750 french francs ( about 130 us $ ) , for 2 days , including two lunches , the breaks and the proceedings . for three days , fees will be about 1000f . blocks of rooms will be reserved in the hotel meeting ( 530f per room per day , incl . buffet breakfast ) and in other , cheaper , hotels around at preferential rates .
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2200,"Subject: morphophonemics / slavic languages
 
 marta harasowska morphophonemic variability , productivity , and change the case of rusyn 1998 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xv , 266 pages cloth dm 198 , - / approx . us $ 124 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 015761 - 6 trends in linguistics . studies and monographs 110 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this volume presents an in-depth investigation of processes influencing morphophonemic variability , productivity , and change . the author adopts the labovian approach to the study of language and examines both linguistic and extra-linguistic factors which bear on language use . bybee 's analogy-based model of morphology provides the ` psychologically real ' theoretical framework for representing the linguistic processes under scrutiny . the language chosen for the study is rusyn , a slavic minority language in serbia 's autonomous province of vojvodina . sharing historical roots with polish , slovak , and ukrainian , present-day rusyn functions within a language contact area dominated by serbo - croatian . as a micro-language in a macro-linguistic environment , rusyn offers the ideal microcosm for a study of linguistic variability and change . the data for the study were collected during the course of field work in vojvodina . they are interpreted using ` response coincidence analysis ' , an analytical technique which identifies the ` linguistic ' groupings in the data and is thus neutral with regard to the ` social ' groupings apparent in the speech community . what emerges is a unique view of morphophonemics as a transitional level not only between phonology and morphology , but also between phonology , morphology , and semantics . moreover , the examined morphophonemic patterns in rusyn are found to be in the process of change which can indeed be attributed to both linguistic and extra-linguistic factors . the findings for rusyn will be of relevance to the study of other linguistic communities , particularly those functioning in language contact areas . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
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2201,"Subject: chinese linguistics ; complete words of luo changpei
 
 the complete works of luo changpei will be published in 1999 by shandong education publishing house in china . a commemorative meeting will be held in beijing on the hundredth anniversary of the author 's birth , august 9 , 1999 . on the same occasion the luo changpei linguistics scholarship foundation will be announced . luo changpei was one of the founders of modern linguistics in china . he stood on the shoulders of the giants in this field and explored diverse branches of the science . he was in the first generation of linguistic scientists from the institute of history and philology of the academia sinica . he established the institute of linguistics of the chinese academy of social sciences , assumed its direction and was nominated academician . his contribution is historic . the anthology includes the author 's published and unpublished works in ten volumes , of which the first six are books and the last four monographs . each volume has an editorial acknowledgement and postnote . annexed to vol . x are a biographical outline and two indexes , one by alphabetic order , the other by stroke . please direct inquiries to wl @ pub . casc . cn . net ( luo shengyi ) . vol . i . 1 . the phonological system of the amoy dialect 2 . the phonological system of the speech of linchuan vol . ii . 1 . the speech of north - west china under the tang dynasty and the five kingdoms 2 . a study of rime evolution under the wei , jin and north - south dynasties ( co-authored with zhou zumo ) vol . iii . 1 . an introduction to chinese phonology 2 . history of the romanization of chinese characters 3 . rimes in beijing folk songs ( annex , collection of popular rimes ) vol . iv . minority languages 1 . a preliminary study of the qiu language of gongshan 2 . a preliminary study of the nu language of gongshan 3 . a preliminary study of the baiyi language of lianshan ( co-authored with xing qinglan , rechecked by zhou yaowen and fang fenghe ) 4 . chinese under the yuan dynasty and the bagsba characters ( revised edition , co-authored with cai meibiao ) vol . v . 1 . an outline of general phonetics ( revised edition , co-authored with wang jun ) 2 . language and culture 3 . the chinese and the chinese language vol . vi . unpublished course handouts 1 . evolution of the chinese phonological system ( table and legend ) 2 . comments on publications abroad about chinese phonology 3 . about ancient chinese phonology vol . vii . 1 . monographs on philology and linguistics ( i ) 2 . monographs on philology and linguistics ( ii ) vol . viii . 1 . columns on chinese phonology 2 . influences from abroad on the study of chinese phonology vol . ix . 1 . monographs about chinese dialects and minority languages ( 40 essays ) 2 . linguistic miscellany ( 38 essays ) vol . x . 1 . chinese linguistics essays in foreign languages 2 . on the tough route of sichuan 3 . between canshan mountain and lake erhai 4 . biography 5 . indexes : alphabetic and stroke editorial committee : advisors : lu "" shuxiang * , ma xueliang , wu zongji , zhang qingchang * , gao huanian * ( deceased ) chief editor : wang jun deputy editors : zhou dingyi , sun hongkai , gao gengsheng , yuchi zhiping editors ( by stroke order ) : wang jun , wang hongxin , sun hongkai , shao rongfen , yang naisi , li zhaoxiang , zhou dingyi , luo shengyi , luo shenyi , gao gengsheng , yuchi zhiping , xie rongdai , cai meibiao editor in charge : sui xiancun secretary : luo shengyi ( person to contact ) zhong guan cun bldg 78 , apt 206 beijing , 100080 tel . & fax : 86-62 55 84 19 e - mail : wl @ pub . casc . cn . net
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2202,"Subject: syntax - semantics workshop
 
 call for abstracts move and interpret alpha : workshop on movement-related issues in the syntax , semantics , and the syntax-semantics interface march 20-21 , 1999 keynote speaker : kyle johnson , university of massachusetts , amherst center of excellence kanda university of international studies makuhari , chiba , japan we invite abstract submissions for 40 - minute talks on issues having to do with movement which arise in the areas of syntax , semantics , and the syntax-semantics interface . work which aims to distinguish interpretations by means of movement , discusses the syntactic or semantic repercussions of movement , investigates the syntactic or semantic aspects of movement-created dependencies , or argues for or against the use of movement for dealing with particular syntactic or semantic phenomena is welcome . possibly relevant topics include wh-movement , quantifier raising , reconstruction , quantifier float , island effects , parasitic gaps , pied-piping , and relative clauses . the deadline for receipt of abstracts is january 31st , 1999 . please send five copies of a non-anonymous abstract ( maximally 2 pages in length , using a legible font , with 1 "" margins on all sides , a4 or us letter paper ) , along with a sheet of paper bearing the author 's name , affiliation , paper title , and e-mail and regular mail addresses . e - mail submissions will also be accepted ( . ps or . pdf formats ) . send abstracts by mail to : move and interpret alpha workshop coe , kanda university of international studies 1 - 4 - 1 wakaba , mihama - ku chiba - shi , chiba - ken japan 261-0014 send abstracts or questions by e-mail to both uli sauerland and norvin richards at : uli @ kanda . kuis . ac . jp , norvin @ kanda . kuis . ac . jp ( please send e-mail to both addresses ) authors of accepted abstracts will be informed by february 8th , 1999 . subject to the availability of funding , we will try to cover accomodation expenses for speakers from outside of japan for the time of the workshop , but not travel expenses . kanda university is located in makuhari , between narita tokyo international airport and downtown tokyo . for more information about the coe and kanda university , please consult the web at : coe http : / / coe-sun . kuis . ac . jp / kanda http : / / www . kuis . ac . jp /
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2203,"Subject: current research in language
 
 anyone interested in submitting a proposal for the session on current research in language and language teaching at the 1999 aatsp in colorado , please send a one page abstract by january 1 , 1999 to : elizabeth a . martinez college of charleston department of spanish 66 george st . charleston , sc 29424 fax : ( 843 ) 953-6758 phone : ( 843 ) 953-8066 e - mail : martineze @ cofc . edu
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2204,"Subject: computational linguistics
 
 eacl ' 99 call for papers , demos / posters , student papers , tutorials and workshops , 2nd edition http : / / www . ltg . ed . ac . uk / eacl99 / call-for - papers . html _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9th conference of the european chapter of the association for computational linguistics 8 - - 12 june , 1999 university of bergen bergen , norway 1 . table of contents 2 . paper sessions 3 . poster and demo sessions 4 . student sessions 5 . tutorials 6 . workshops 7 . invited speakers 8 . venue and local arrangements 9 . timetable 2 . paper sessions 2 . 1 . topics of interest papers are invited on substantial , original , and unpublished research on all aspects of computational linguistics , including , but not limited to : pragmatics , discourse , semantics , syntax and the lexicon ; phonetics , phonology and morphology ; interpreting and generating spoken and written language ; linguistic , mathematical and psychological models of language ; language-oriented information retrieval and information extraction ; corpus-based language modeling ; machine translation and translation aids ; natural language interfaces and dialogue systems ; approaches to coordinating the linguistic with other modalities in multi-media systems ; message and narrative understanding systems . 2 . 2 . requirements papers should describe original work . they should emphasize completed work rather than intended work and they should indicate clearly the state of completion of the reported results . wherever appropriate , concrete evaluation results should be included . a paper accepted for presentation at the eacl meeting cannot be presented or have been presented at any other meeting with publicly available published proceedings . papers that are being submitted to other conferences must reflect this fact on the title page . 2 . 3 . format for submission authors should submit preliminary versions of their papers for review , not to exceed 3200 words ( exclusive of references ) . papers should be headed by a title page containing the paper id code ( see below ) , title , a short ( 5 line ) summary , up to five keywords specifying the subject area , the word count ( excluding figures and bibliography ) and a notice of multiple submission , if required . since reviewing will be ` blind ' , the title page of the paper should omit author names and addresses . furthermore , self-references that reveal the authors ' identity ( e . g . , "" we previously showed ( smith , 1991 ) . . . "" ) should be avoided . instead , use references of the form "" smith previously showed ( 1991 ) . . . "" care should be taken to avoid obvious giveaways in the bibliography such as listings for unpublished in-house technical reports . papers outside the specified length and / or without an id code are liable to rejection without review . to identify each paper , an id code must be acquired by filing an electronic paper registration form ( http : / / www . ltg . ed . ac . uk / eacl99 / register . html ) : on successful completion of this form an id code will be sent to the designated author by e-mail . to assist in the refereeing process , we would be very grateful if authors prepare a web-browsable ( e . g . html , postscript , pdf ) electronic version of their papers . we understand that this may not be possible in all cases , but request that it be prepared if at all possible . to preserve anonymity , do not include a pointer to this with your paper submission : we will request a url for your electronic version in the email acknowledgement of receipt message . also please note that we will not be downloading copies from this url , so it should remain valid through the refereeing process , i . e . until 10 march 1999 . be aware that the paper copy is the definitive copy , and changes should not be made to the electronic copy after submission on paper . we strongly recommend the use of acl - standard latex ( plus bibstyle and trivial example ) or word style files for the preparation of submissions . these styles include a place for the required information such as id code and word count , and allow for a graceful transition to the style required for publication . see http : / / www . ltg . ed . ac . uk / eacl99 / style / for templates . if you cannot use the acl - standard styles directly , a description of the required format is at http : / / www . ltg . ed . ac . uk / eacl99 / style / substyle . html . if you cannot access this web page , send email to eacl99 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk with subject substyle for an automatic reply . 2 . 4 . submission procedure four ( 4 ) paper copies of each paper ( printed on both sides of the page if possible ) should be submitted to the following address : eacl programme committee hcrc 2 buccleuch place edinburgh eh8 9lw scotland , uk enquiries to the programme committee by email at eacl99 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk . 2 . 5 . schedule submissions must be received by 18 january 1999 . late submissions ( those arriving on or after 19 january 1999 ) will be returned unopened . acknowledgements will be emailed soon after receipt . notification of acceptance will be sent to authors ( by email ) on 10 march 1999 . camera - ready copies of final papers prepared in a double-column format , preferably using a laser printer , must be received by 19 april 1999 , along with a signed copyright release statement . detailed formatting guidelines will be provided to authors with their acceptance notice . the paper sessions , including student papers , will take place on 9 - - 11 june 1999 . 2 . 6 . programme committee chair : henry s . thompson , university of edinburgh co - chair : alex lascarides , university of edinburgh area chairs : john carroll , university of sussex ; robert gaizauskas , university of sheffield ; jan hajic , charles university ; mats rooth , university of stuttgart ; paul taylor , university of edinburgh ; marilyn walker , att research labs . poster session chair : giorgio satta , university of padua the members in each area of the programme committee will be listed in the proceedings . 3 . poster and demo sessions the meeting will include a poster session and a demo session . posters should present work in progress , project status reports , unevaluated results or system summaries ( with or without demos ) . space for a1 posters is reserved at the session and there will be 2 pages in the proceedings allocated to describe the work shown in the poster . we also encourage the submission of software demos presenting system overviews . developers should outline the design of their system and provide sufficient details to allow the evaluation of its validity , quality , and relevance to computational linguistics . pointers to web sites running the demo preview will also be helpful . for both sessions , four ( 4 ) paper copies of a two ( 2 ) page abstract not exceeding 800 words ( exclusive of references ) should be submitted by 18 january 1999 to the posters / demos chair : giorgio satta universita di padova dipartimento di elettronica e informatica via gradenigo 6 / a 35131 padova italy phone : + 39 ( 0 ) 49 827-7831 fax : + 39 ( 0 ) 49 827-7826 email : satta @ dei . unipd . it both submissions should include the following information on the first page : paper title and author ( s ) ' name ( s ) ; address , telephone / fax numbers and email of contact author . submission type ( "" poster submission "" or "" demo submission "" ) must be clearly indicated on the first page . demo submissions should also clearly indicate if any computer equipment is expected to be provided by the local organizer . if so , please specify desired hardware platform , hard disk and memory capacity , operating system and other software needed in order to run the demo . also mention name and contact information of systems operations specialist . if you are bringing your own laptop , you should instead request a video projector if you need one , providing details about pc type , screen resolution , etc . submissions arriving on or after 19 january 1999 will be returned unopened . acknowledgements will be emailed soon after receipt . notification of acceptance will be sent to authors by email on 10 march 1999 . camera - ready copies of poster papers must be received at the eacl programme committee address in edinburgh by 19 april 1999 , along with a signed copyright release statement . detailed formatting guidelines will be provided to authors along with the acceptance notice . 4 . student sessions there will again be special student sessions organized by a committee of eacl graduate student members . eacl student members are invited to submit short papers on any of the topics listed above . the papers will be reviewed by a committee of students and faculty members for presentation in workshop-style sessions and publication in a special section of the conference proceedings . the call for papers is now available at http : / / www . ims . uni-stuttgart . de / eacl99 - student / . 5 . tutorials the meeting will include a programme of tutorials on tuesday june 8 , immediately preceding , and at the same venue as the conference . each tutorial should be well-focused so that its core content can be covered in a three hour slot ( including a half-hour break ) . in exceptional cases , 6 - hour tutorials are possible as well . proposals for tutorials should contain : * a title and brief description of the tutorial topic . * the names , postal addresses , phone numbers , and email addresses of the tutorial speakers , with brief cv . * any special support requirements ( e . g . pc , projector ) proposals should be submitted by electronic mail , in plain ascii text as soon as possible , but no later than 18 december 1998 to the tutorial coordinator : walter daelemans ilk computational linguistics tilburg university p . o . box 90153 nl-5000 le tilburg the netherlands phone : + 31 13 4663070 fax : + 31 13 4663110 email : walter . daelemans @ kub . nl approved tutorial speakers ' travel and accommodation expenses will be reimbursed provided a short tutorial abstract and full tutorial materials are received in good time for publicity and reproduction . details of the schedule for this will accompany notification of acceptance . for further details concerning tutorials , see the tutorials page at http : / / ilk . kub . nl / ~ walter / eacl / tutorials . html 6 . workshops as in other years , eacl ' 99 will be accompanied by a number of workshops . these will be held on june 12 , the day after the main conference . the acl has a policy on workshops ( ftp : / / ftp . cs . columbia . edu / acl-l / information / workshop-policy . gz ) . proposals must include a clear description of the workshop aims , a budget of the workshop expenses and expected sources of income , and an indication of the expected number of participants . please send your workshop proposals ( preferably electronically ) as soon as possible and in any case before 18 december 1998 to the workshop chair : gertjan van noord alfa - informatica rug po box 716 9700 as groningen the netherlands email : vannoord @ let . rug . nl for further details concerning workshops , see the workshops page at http : / / www . let . rug . nl / ~ vannoord / eacl99 / workshops . html 7 . invited speakers we are pleased to announce that wolfgang wahlster , director of dfki ( german research center for artificial intelligence ) and vice president - elect of the acl , and bruce croft , director , center for intelligent information retrieval at the university of massachusetts , amherst , will be our two keynote speakers . 8 . venue and local arrangements the conference will be held in bergen , norway from 8 through 12 june , 1999 . see the conference home page for local arrangements information ( http : / / www . hit . uib . no / eacl99 ) . the local arrangements committee is chaired by koenraad de smedt . the local arrangements committee can be reached at : humanities information technologies university of bergen alligaten 27 5007 bergen norway phone : + 47 5558-8008 fax : + 47 5558-9470 email : eacl99 @ uib . no 9 . timetable 1998 18 dec workshop proposals due in groningen 18 dec tutorial proposals due in tilburg 25 dec decisions on workshops sent to workshop organisers 28 dec decision on tutorials sent to tutorial organisers 1999 18 jan submitted papers due in edinburgh 18 jan submitted posters / demo papers due in padua 1 mar tutorial summary for brochure due in tilburg 10 mar decisions on programme sent to authors 19 apr final versions of papers due in edinburgh 19 apr final versions of poster / demo papers due in edinburgh 1 may tutorial course material due in tilburg 5 may camera - ready copy of workshop proceedings due in groningen 8 jun tutorials 9 - - 11 jun paper sessions 12 jun workshops
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2205,"Subject: greek linguistics
 
 conference announcement the 20th annual meeting on greek linguistics of the department of linguistics school of philology , faculty of philosophy , aristotle university of thessaloniki , will take place in thessaloniki , from april 23 to 25 , 1999 . invited speakers : antonin bartonek ( brno ) , charles fillmore ( berkeley ) , brian joseph ( columbus ) , thomas gamkrelidze ( tbilisi ) , william labov ( philadelphia ) , michalis setatos ( thessaloniki ) . deadline for abstracts : january 15 , 1999 program committee : theodossia - soula pavlidou and christos tzitzilis for more information , please contact : conference secretariat ( maria arapopoulou and friderikos valetopoulos ) department of linguistics , school of philology , faculty of philosophy , aristotle university of thessaloniki , gr - thessaloniki , greece e-mail : friderikosv @ hotmail . com fax : + + 30-31 - 997419 telephone : + + 30-31 - 997054 [ only monday and thursday , 11 : 00-13 : 00 hours ]
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2206,"Subject: computaional linguistics
 
 call for tutorial proposals tutorials chair : richard sproat bell labs - lucent technologies rws @ research . bell-labs . com call the association for computaional linguistics ' 99 program committee invites proposals for the tutorial program for acl ' 99 , to be held at the university of maryland , college park , md , usa , june 20 - - 26 , 1999 . the tutorials for acl ' 99 will be held on june 20th . each tutorial should be well-focused so that its core content can be covered in a three hour tutorial slot ( including a 30 minute break ) . in exceptional cases , 6 - hour tutorial slots are possible as well . there will be space and time for at most four three-hour tutorials . submission details proposals for tutorials should contain : * a title and brief ( < 500 word ) content description of the tutorial topic . * the names , postal addresses , phone numbers , and email addresses of the tutorial speakers , with one-paragraph statement of the speaker 's ( s ' ) research interests and areas of expertise . * any special requirements for technical needs ( computer infrastructure , etc . ) proposals should be submitted by electronic mail , in plain ascii ( iso8859 - 1 ) text as soon as possible , but no later than december 18th , 1998 . the subject line should be : "" acl 99 tutorial proposal "" . please note : proposals will not be accepted by regular mail or fax . please submit your proposals and any inquiries to : richard sproat , acl ' 99 tutorials chair bell laboratories , lucent technologies 600 mountain avenue , murray hill , nj 07974 usa rws @ research . bell-labs . com practical arrangements accepted tutorial speakers must provide descriptions of their tutorials for inclusion in the conference registration material by march 1 , 1999 . the description must be provided in three formats : a latex version that fits onto 1 / 2 page ; an ascii ( iso8859 - 1 ) version that can be included with the email announcement ; an html version that can be included on the conference home page . tutorial speakers will provide tutorial materials , at least containing copies of the overhead sheets used , by may 1 , 1999 . finances : the current acl policy is that tutorials are reimbursed at the following rate : $ 500 per session plus $ 25 per registrant in the range 21-50 plus $ 15 per registrant in excess of 50 . note that this is per tutorial , not per presenter : multiple presenters will split the proceeds , the default assumption being an even split . the acl does not usually cover travel expenses except where the presenter ( s ) cannot get them through the usual mechanisms : for acl members we assume that they would be coming to the meeting anyway . for people who are not acl members , we would expect to pay for costs that they cannot get reimbursed elsewhere . important dates submission deadline for tutorial proposal : 18 dec 1998 notification of acceptance of tutorial proposal : 28 dec 1998 tutorial descriptions due to tutorial chair : 1 mar 1999 tutorial course material due to tutorial chair : 1 may 1999 tutorials date : 20 june 1999
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2207,"Subject: comutational linguistics - general & thematic sessions
 
 acl ' 99 call for papers 37th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics 20 - - 26 june , 1999 university of maryland [ you may find it easier to read this information on the web at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 ] 1 . paper sessions 1 . 1 topics of interest in a break with tradition , at this year 's acl conference we are experimenting with a new format . the technical sessions of the conference will be of two kinds . there will be general sessions of the kind that have formed the conference programme in the past ; however , there will also be a number of special thematic sessions , somewhat like a special issue of a journal , organised around themes proposed by members of the computational linguistics community . our aim is to incorporate some of the intensity and excitement of the traditional post-conference workshops , without replacing those workshops . the conference structure will mean that the thematic sessions will run as parallel sessions , resulting in smaller and more focussed audiences . when you submit a paper to the conference , you will need to consider whether you want to present the paper in the general sessions or in one of the thematic sessions , which are listed below . for the general sessions , papers are invited on substantial , original , and unpublished research on all aspects of computational linguistics , including , but not limited to : pragmatics , discourse , semantics , syntax and the lexicon ; phonetics , phonology and morphology ; interpreting and generating spoken and written language ; linguistic , mathematical and psychological models of language ; language-oriented information retrieval and information extraction ; corpus-based language modeling ; machine translation and translation aids ; natural language interfaces and dialogue systems ; approaches to coordinating the linguistic with other modalities in multi-media systems ; message and narrative understanding systems . papers submitted to the thematic sessions are more narrowly targeted at specific topics . the complete list of thematic sessions is as follows ; further information about each can be found at the indicated url . d1 : dialogue management in interactive spoken dialogue systems chairs : diane litman and marilyn walker motivation : the advent of real-time interactive spoken dialogue systems poses special challenges for dialogue management . topics : evaluation , dialogue strategies , repair , system integration , learning / optimizing system behavior , corpus analysis , robust processing , and the requirements dialogue places on generation , speech recognition and synthesis . http : / / www . research . att . com / ~ diane / acl99 - theme . html d2 : discourse tagging : uses , results and applications chairs : marilyn walker , julia hirschberg and owen rambow motivation : empirical approaches to discourse processing often rely on tagging texts or dialogues with discourse tags from a wide range of tag sets . topics : discourse tagging for training or testing models of discourse structure , reference , translation , speech acts , topic identification , and speech recognition . http : / / www . research . att . com / ~ walker / dtag-acl 99 . html d3 : corpus - based approaches to discourse and dialogue chair : nancy ide this theme treats corpus-based work on any aspect of discourse and dialogue analysis , including co-reference , segmentation , discourse structure , parsing , generation , etc . , especially in the light of relevance to practical applications . http : / / www . cs . vassar . edu / ~ ide / calls / acl99 - discourse . html d4 : lexicon and discourse : connections through structure and semantics chairs : laurence danlos , alistair knott , and bonnie webber motivation : with the lexicon becoming a central resource for computing properties of the sentence , one may consider similar gains for computing properties of discourse . topics : lexical semantics of discourse connectives and focus particles , discourse and lexical interpretation , lexicalized grammars for discourse . http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ alik / acltheme . html i1 : nlp techniques for cross - language information retrieval chair : douglas oard motivation : systems that use queries or examples in one natural language to find text or speech in another are becoming increasingly important . topics : nlp techniques for query translation , cognate matching and interlingual matching techniques , cross-language gisting using summarization or gloss translation . http : / / www . clis . umd . edu / conferences / acl99clir / i2 : exploring the limits of shallow parsing chair : gregory grefenstette shallow parsing techniques provide a partial analysis of the syntactic structures . theme covers research into : quantifying identifiable linguistic phenomena in a corpus ; evaluating accuracy of dependency relations extracted by shallow parsers ; approximation of full parsing with shallow parsers . http : / / www . xrce . xerox . com / research / mltt / dmhead / acl99 i3 : information extraction from spoken language data chairs : lynette hirschman and david palmer motivation : identifying relevant syntactic and semantic items ( such as names , dates , and events ) in speech data requires robust processing of misspellings , transcription errors , tokenization ambiguities and disfluencies . topics : algorithms , architectures , and evaluation techniques for noisy data information extraction http : / / raven . bu . edu / conferences / acl-ie99 / i4 : natural language processing for interactive information retrieval chair : hinrich sch | tze this theme solicits papers that use nlp to enable better interactive information retrieval . examples include query analysis , disambiguation , and classification of queries into semantic hierarchies , but we are especially interested in novel ideas . ftp : / / parcftp . xerox . com / pub / qca / schuetze / acl99 . html i5 : robust sentence - level interpretation chairs : carolyn penstein rose and alon lavie in contrast to information extraction and shallow parsing techniques , in this session we focus on robust approaches to full sentence interpretation , with an emphasis on empirical evaluation . topics : pre-parsing repair , robust parsing , post-parsing repair , and user interaction . http : / / www . pitt . edu / ~ rosecp / topic . html i6 : topic detection chairs : james allan and bruce croft we examine discovering structure and themes across many texts : finding the topics that underlie the text . it includes summarization , theme extraction , tdt detection , concept extraction , high-quality clustering , and related evaluations . http : / / ciir . cs . umass . edu / acl99 l1 : parsing of inflective , agglutinative and / or free word order languages chair : jan hajic parsing of languages displaying non-analytical , non-fixed word order behavior to a large extent poses specific problems which are expected to be addressed . all aspects of dealing with such problems are welcome , including morphological , syntactic and semantic processing . http : / / ufal . ms . mff . cuni . cz l2 : mt / nlp for languages of low diffusion chairs : doug jones and boyan onyshkevych motivation : adequate large-scale mt or other nlp systems do not exist for the bulk of the world 's languages , nor are there significant on-line resources for them . topics : how to build large-scale mt / nlp systems and resources for these other languages ; how to leverage minimal resources ( including native language expertise ) l3 : word segmentation and lexical acquisition in asian languages chair : masaaki nagata motivation : exchange ideas and experiences on word segmentation among asian researchers as well as between asian and western researchers . topics : theories and applications of tokenization and dictionary construction techniques for languages that do not put space between words , such as chinese , japanese , and thai . http : / / www . milab . is . tsukuba . ac . jp / word-seg - acl99 m1 : automated analysis and evaluation of free text chairs : jill burstein and claudia leacock motivation : to bring together researchers who are interested in the evaluation of essays and other free text for purposes of assessment and instruction . topics : identification and analysis of textual features ; generation of feedback to authors ; evaluation of system results . http : / / www . ets . org / research / acl99 . html m2 : the use of large - coverage lexical resources for tagging and parsing chair : max silberztein motivation : to present dictionary-based projects and results whose starting point is either machine readable dictionaries , raw lists or large corpora topics : large-coverage lexical resources , construction of dictionaries , corpus processing http : / / www . ladl . jussieu . fr / confs / acl99 / acl99 . html m3 : prosody modelling in nlg / speech generation chairs : elke teich and sandra williams motivation : integrating natural language generation and speech synthesis . topics : reconciling syntactic , semantic and prosodic representations ; determination of intonation focus and contour according to context ; adaptations of nlg architectures for speech generation . http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / ~ swilliam / acl99theme / m4 : design , implementation , and uses of controlled languages chairs : tony hartley and cecile paris motivation : controlled languages are increasingly used to enhance readability , facilitate automatic processing of documents , and guide input to generation systems . important concerns are the development and enforcement of controlled languages . topics : authoring environments , design principles , corpus analysis , controlled language applications . http : / / www . itri . brighton . ac . uk / events / acl99 / clang . html m5 : computational psycholinguistics chair : philip resnik motivation : discussing empirical and theoretical studies on psychologically motivated computational models of human language processes , as opposed to nlp applications , emphasizing non-introspective data , statistical methods , and the relationship between linguistic competence and performance . topics : computational studies involving processes such as lexical access , parsing , interpretation , generation , disambiguation , acquisition . http : / / umiacs . umd . edu / ~ resnik / acl99 _ cpl / before submitting a paper to a thematic session , you should read the information about each of these themes provided on the separate web pages . during the conference itself , some sessions may be video-taped . presenters will be alerted to this possibility and will be able to request that the cameras are turned off during their presentations . 1 . 2 requirements requirements are the same regardless of whether your are submitting a paper to the general sessions or the thematic sessions ; see the separate call for student papers for information on requirements for papers submitted to the student sessions . papers should describe original work ; they should emphasize completed work rather than intended work and they should indicate clearly the state of completion of the reported results . wherever appropriate , concrete evaluation results should be included . a paper accepted for presentation at the acl meeting cannot be presented or have been presented at any other meeting with publicly available published proceedings . papers that are being submitted to other conferences must indicate this on the title page . 1 . 3 format for submission the format of submissions is the same regardless of whether your are submitting a paper to the general sessions or the thematic sessions ; see the separate call for student papers for information on requirements for papers submitted to the student sessions . authors should submit preliminary versions of their papers for review , not to exceed 3200 words ( exclusive of references ) . papers should be headed by a title page containing the paper id code ( see below ) , the names of all authors , the title , a short ( 5 line ) summary , up to five keywords specifying the subject area ( for the general sessions ) or an indication of the thematic session to which the paper is being submitted , the word count ( excluding figures and bibliography ) and a notice of multiple submission , if required . papers outside the specified length and / or without an id code are liable to rejection without review . to identify each paper , an id code must be acquired by filing an electronic paper registration form , available on the web at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 / register . html : on successful completion of this form an id code will be sent to the designated author by e-mail . if you cannot access the electronic paper registration form , send email to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au with subject idform for an automatic reply . to assist in the refereeing process , we would be very grateful if authors prepare a web-browsable ( e . g . html , postscript , pdf ) electronic version of their papers . the electronic paper registration form contains a field where you can provide this information . we strongly recommend the use of acl - standard latex ( plus bibstyle and trivial example ) or word style files for the preparation of submissions . these styles include a place for the required information such as id code and word count , and allow for a graceful transition to the style required for publication . these files are available from the conference web site at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 . if you cannot use the acl - standard styles directly , a description of the required format is at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 / style / substyle . html . if you cannot access this web page , send email to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au with subject substyle for an automatic reply . 1 . 4 submission and reviewing procedure the submission procedure is the same regardless of whether your are submitting a paper to the general sessions or the thematic sessions ; see the separate call for student papers for information on submission details for papers submitted to the student sessions . four ( 4 ) paper copies of each paper ( printed on both sides of the page if possible ) should be submitted to the following address : acl programme committee c / o ken church at&t labs - research 180 park ave , office d235 po box 971 florham park nj 07932-0971 usa enquiries can be addressed to the programme committee by email at acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au ( robert dale , chair and ken church , co - chair ) . in extreme cases , if you cannot make contact electronically you can reach us by sending a fax , clearly marked "" acl programme committee "" , to + 61 2 9850 9529 . this fax number is for information enquiries only . please note that faxed submissions of papers are not acceptable . reviewing of papers submitted to the general sessions will , as in previous years , be managed by an international conference programme committee consisting of area chairs , each of whom will have the assistance of a team of reviewers . reviewing of papers for the thematic sessions will be managed by the chairs of the thematic sessions , with the assistance of teams of reviewers ; final decisions on the technical programme content ( both general sessions and thematic sessions ) will be made by the programme committee . 1 . 5 schedule submissions must be received by january 25th 1999 . late submissions ( those arriving on or after january 26th 1999 ) will be returned unopened . acknowledgements will be emailed soon after receipt . notification of acceptance will be sent to authors ( by email ) on march 22nd 1999 . camera - ready copies of final papers prepared in a double-column format , preferably using a laser printer , must be received by may 3rd 1999 , along with a signed copyright release statement . detailed formatting guidelines will be provided to authors with their acceptance notice . the paper sessions , including general , theme and student papers , will take place on june 23rd - - 26th 1999 . 2 . student sessions there will again be special student sessions organized by a committee of acl graduate student members . acl student members are invited to submit short papers on any of the topics listed above for the general sessions . the papers will be reviewed by a committee of students and faculty members for presentation in workshop-style sessions and publication in a special section of the conference proceedings . a separate call for papers for the student sessions is being issued and is available at http : / / www . cs . utoronto . ca / ~ melanie / acl99 / . 3 . tutorials the meeting will include a programme of tutorials on june 20th 1999 immediately preceding the workshops and technical sessions , and at the same venue as the conference . a separate call for tutorial proposals is being issued and is available at http : / / www . bell-labs . com / project / tts / acl99tut . html . 4 . workshops as in other years , acl ' 99 will be accompanied by a number of workshops . these will be held on june 21st - - 22nd 1999 , immediately after the tutorials and before the technical sessions . the acl has a policy on workshops . a separate call for workshop proposals will be issued soon . 5 . demos a separate call for demo proposals will be issued at a later date . 6 . venue and local organisation the conference will be held at the university of maryland from 20th through 26th june , 1999 . the local arrangements committee is chaired by bonnie dorr ; see http : / / www . umiacs . umd . edu / research / clip / acl99 / index . html for local arrangements information . 7 . timetable the dates here pertain only to the general sessions and thematic sessions : see the separate calls for student session papers , tutorial proposals and workshops for the timetabling associated with those elements of the conference . paper submissions deadline : january 25 , 1999 notification of acceptance : march 22 , 1999 camera ready papers due : may 3 , 1999 acl ' 99 conference : june 20 - - 26 , 1999
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2208,"Subject: linguistics association of great britain
 
 linguistics association of great britain spring meeting 1999 : university of manchester first circular and call for papers the 1999 spring meeting will be held from 8 to 10 april at manchester university . the local organiser is philippa cook ( mfux9phc @ fs1 . art . man . ac . uk ) . manchester is england 's third ( or possibly second ) biggest city and as such has facilities for any kind of music , dance , theatre , restaurants and cafes . apart from a vibrant city centre , the city also benefits from the closeness to beautiful country side ; the lake district , the peak district and the mountains of north wales are all within easy reach for day trips . manchester can be easily accessed by road or by rail and just south of the city is a major intrnational airport with good rail connections with the city centre . the university of manchester , including the hall of residence where the conference will be held , is situated just south of the city centre and there are busses in both directions every few minutes . accommodation : accommodation as well as all talks , book displays etc . will be in hulme hall , a hall of residence , less than ten minutes walk from the main university campus . all bedrooms are single , and there is a choice between rooms with en suite facilities and rooms with shared bathrooms / showers . travel : the university of manchester is about five minutes drive from junction 9 of the ring road m60 which is accessible from the m6 ( north or south ) and the m62 ( north east ) . there are frequent ( and often direct ) trains to manchester piccadilly ( or manchester victoria ) from most big cities in britain . the train journey from london takes about two and a half hour . the airport is less than half an hours drive from the hall of residence and it also has excellent train connections with the city centre . events : the linguistics association 1999 lecture on thursday evening will be delivered by professor john mccarthy of the university of massachusetts , amherst . professor mccarthy will also be participating in a workshop on ' applications of optimality theory to problems in prosody and morphology ' on thursday afternoon . the workshop is organised by wiebke brockhaus ( university of manchester ) ; other contributors are caroline fery ( eberhard - karls - universitaet ) , ren kager ( universiteit utrecht ) and nicholas sherrard ( university of essex ) . there will be a language tutorial on turkish , given by jaklin kornfilt ( university of syracuse ) . there will be a wine party on the tuesday evening , sponsored by the department of linguistics . enquiries about the lagb meeting should be sent to the meetings secretary ( address below ) . full details of the programme and a booking form will be included in the second circular , to be sent out in january . call for papers the lagb warmly welcomes submissions on any topic within the field of linguistics - theoretical , descriptive or historical - regardless of theoretical framework . abstracts must arrive by 6 january 1999 and should be sent in the format outlined below to the following address : professor r . hudson , department of phonetics and linguistics , university college london , gower street , london , wc1e 6bt . papers for the programme are selected anonymously - only the president knows the name of the authors . abstracts must be presented as follows : submit seven anonymous copies of the abstract , plus one with name and affiliation , i . e . camera-ready . the complete abstract containing your title and your name must be no longer than one a4 page ( 21cm x 29 . 5cm / 8 . 27 "" x 11 . 69 "" ) with margins of at least 2 . 5cm ( 1 "" ) on all sides . you may use single spacing and type must be no smaller than 12 point . type uniformly in black and make any additions in black . use the best quality printer you can , since if the paper is accepted the abstract will be photocopied and inserted directly into the collection of abstracts sent out to participants . write your name and address for correspondence on the back of the abstract which has your name on . the following layout should be considered as standard : ( title ) optimality and the klingon vowel shift ( speaker ) clark kent ( institution ) department of astrology , eastern mars university the following guidelines may be useful : 1 . briefly state the topic of your paper . 2 . if your paper is to involve an analysis of linguistic material , give critical examples , along with a brief indication of their critical nature . 3 . state the relevance of your ideas to past work or to the future development of the field . if you are taking a stand on a controversial issue , summarise the arguments which lead you to take up this position . the normal length for papers delivered at lagb meetings is 25 minutes ( plus 15 minutes discussion ) . offers of squibs ( 10 minutes ) or longer papers ( 40 minutes ) will also be considered : please explain why your paper requires less or more time than usual . n . b . abstracts submission dates : these are always announced in the first circular for the meeting in question . any member who fears that they may receive the first circular too late to be able to submit an abstract before the deadline specified can be assured that an abstract received by the president by january 1 or june 1 will always be considered for the next meeting . conference bursaries : there will be a maximum of 10 bursaries available to unsalaried members of the association ( e . g . phd students ) with preference given to those who are presenting a paper . applications should be sent to the president , and must be received by 6 january 1999 . please state on your application : ( a ) date of joining the lagb ; ( b ) whether or not you are an undergraduate or postgraduate student ; ( c ) if a student , whether you receive a normal grant ; ( d ) if not a student , your employment situation . students who are submitting an abstract and wish to apply for funding should include all the above details with their abstract . committee members : president professor richard hudson , department of phonetics and linguistics , university college london , gower street , london , wc1e 6bt . e - mail : dick @ ling . ucl . ac . uk honorary secretary professor anna siewierska , department of linguistics , university of lancaster , bailrigg , lancaster la1 4yw , e - mail : a . siewierska @ lancaster . ac . uk membership secretary dr . kersti brjars , department of linguistics , university of manchester , manchester m13 9pl . e - mail : k . e . borjars @ manchester . ac . uk meetings secretary dr . marjolein groefsema , dept . of linguistics , university of hertfordshire , watford campus , aldenham , herts . wd2 8at . e - mail : m . groefsema @ herts . ac . uk treasurer dr . paul rowlett , dept . of modern languages , university of salford , salford m5 4wt . e - mail : p . a . rowlett @ mod-lang . salford . ac . uk assistant secretary dr . april mcmahon , dept . of linguistics , university of cambridge , sidgwick avenue , cambridge cb3 9dq . e - mail : amm11 @ hermes . cam . ac . uk internet home page : the lagb internet home page is now active at the following address : http : / / clwww . essex . ac . uk / lagb . electronic network : please join the lagb electronic network which is used for disseminating lagb information and for consulting members quickly . it can be subscribed to by sending the message "" add lagb "" to : listserv @ postman . essex . ac . uk . future meetings : autumn 1999 university of york . spring 2000 university college london . autumn 2000 university of durham spring 2001 university of leeds autumn 2001 university of reading
",0
2209,"Subject: computational linguistics
 
 acl ' 99 student session call for papers 37th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics 20 - - 26 june , 1999 university of maryland [ you may find it easier to read this information on the web at http : / / www . cs . utoronto . ca / ~ melanie / acl99 / ] 1 . purpose the goal of the student sessions is to provide a forum for student members to present _ work in progress _ and receive feedback from other members of the computational linguistics community . the session will consist of paper presentations by student authors . the number of papers accepted is contingent on the quality of the submissions and the availability of presentation time during the conference , but the student session will be at least half a day . the accepted papers will be published in a special section of the conference proceedings . note that the student session and the main conference session are independent ; students are free to submit to either session , and each submission will be evaluated independently and with respect to the criteria set out by the respective organizing committees . 2 . requirements papers should describe original , unpublished work that is in progress and demonstrates insight , creativity , and promise . topics of interest are the same as for the main conference or the thematic sessions . 2 . 1 submission restrictions due to differences in format requirements , papers submitted to the main conference _ cannot _ be considered for the student sessions . students may , of course , submit different papers to the main conference and the student session , or papers on different aspects of a particular problem or project . note that for papers presenting joint work , _ all _ co-authors must be students . papers may be submitted to other conferences , but this must be clearly indicated on the cover page . the official language of the conference is english , and hence student papers should be written in english . 2 . 2 length the maximum allowable length is 3 pages ( about 1800 words ) , including references . 2 . 3 format of submission submissions packages should consist of a title page , followed by the paper . the title page should contain : o the paper 's title ; o the name and affiliations of the author ( s ) ; o a complete address for each author ; o an abstract ; o a designation of the topic area ( s ) ( one or two ) ; o a statement about submission to other conferences ( e . g . , ' none ' or a list ) ; and o the paper id code ( see below ) . we recommend that if the student authors plan to apply for travel grants , that they include the application form ( please see "" travel grants "" ) with their paper submission . 2 . 4 electronic submission code to identify each paper , an id code _ must _ be acquired by filing an electronic paper registration form ( http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 / register . html ) ; upon successful completion of this form , an id code will be sent to the designated author by e-mail . if you cannot access the electronic paper registration form , send email to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au with subject idform for an automatic reply . 2 . 5 medium of submission authors must submit their papers electronically . only in unusual cases will hard copy submissions be allowed . electronic submissions should be either self-contained latex source , postscript , or pdf ( we encourage latex submissions ) . postscript submissions must use a standard font . latex submissions should not refer to any other external files or styles except for the standard styles for tex 3 . 14 and latex 2 . 09 . the bibliography for a latex submission cannot be submitted as separate . bib file ; the actual bibliography entries must be inserted in the submitted latex source file . we strongly recommend the use of acl - standard latex or word style files for the preparation of submissions ( please note that while we do not accept word - format files for electronic submission , postscript files produced from them are acceptable ) . these styles include a place for the required information such as id code and word count , and allow for a graceful transition to the style required for publication . these files are available from the main conference web site at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 . if you cannot use the acl - standard styles directly , a description of the required format is at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 / style / substyle . html . if you cannot access this web page , send email to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au with subject substyle for an automatic reply . 2 . 6 blind reviewing since reviewing will be ` blind ' , the heading of the paper should omit author names and addresses ( this information will be inlcuded in the title page ) . self - references that reveal the authors ' identity ( e . g . , "" we previously showed ( smith , 1991 ) . . . "" ) should be avoided . instead , use references in a neutral form ( e . g . , "" smith previously showed ( 1991 ) . . . "" ) . furthermore , avoid obvious giveaways in the bibliography such as listings for unpublished in-house technical reports . 2 . 7 caveat papers outside the specified length and / or without an id code are liable to rejection without review . 2 . 8 questions ? enquiries to the co-chairs of the student session should be sent to acl99 - student @ cs . utoronto . ca . 3 . travel grants please see the student session web page for information about available travel grants ( http : / / cs . utoronto . cs / ~ melanie / acl / ) . 4 . schedule submissions must be received by 8 february 1999 . late submissions ( those arriving on or after 9 february 1999 ) will not be considered . acknowledgments will be emailed soon after receipt . notification of acceptance will be sent to authors ( by email ) by 29 march 1999 . camera - ready copies of final papers must be received by 3 may 1999 , along with a signed copyright release statement . detailed formatting guidelines will be provided to authors with their acceptance notice . the student paper sessions will take place during the main conference on june 23 - - 26 , 1999 .
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2210,"Subject: university of north carolina , spring colloquium
 
 1st call for papers 1999 spring linguistics colloquium the university of north carolina at chapel hill saturday , march 27 , 1999 guest speaker : alice c . harris , vanderbilt university papers on any aspect of the study of language will be considered . please submit an abstract of your paper and include any other relevant information , such as a need for audio-visual equipment or special scheduling considerations . presentations will be limited to 30 minutes including discussion . deadline for submission of abstracts is friday , february 12 , 1999 . please submit abstracts to : 1999 spring linguistics colloquium 318 dey hall , cb # 3155 the university of north carolina at chapel hill chapel hill , nc 27599 email inquiries : hans boas < hcb @ email . unc . edu >
",0
2211,"Subject: book on labelled deduction
 
 second call for papers labelled deduction ( an edited volume intended for the applied logic series of kluwer academic publishers ) http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - background in september 1998 , the university of freiburg ( germany ) hosted ld ' 98 the first international workshop on labelled deduction . the participants of ld ' 98 reported on research , related to or based on labelled deduction , in many areas of computer science , artificial intelligence , mathematical logic , cognitive science , philosophy , and computational linguistics . more information on ld ' 98 is available at the url of the workshop http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 / ws / motivated by the success of the workshop , the members of the program committee of ld ' 98 will edit a volume collecting original papers on this topic and titled labelled deduction ( an edited volume intended for the applied logic series of kluwer academic publishers ) topics of interest the title reflects the planned contents of this book : we welcome original contributions on all theoretical and practical aspects of labelled deduction , including but not limited to : * logical modeling based on labelled deduction * formal metatheory for , or based on , labelled deduction * hybrid reasoners and combinations of logics based on labelling * automated reasoning , implementation , and system support * annotated logic programming * applications submissions * authors are invited to submit full papers of at most 18 pages ( formatted as described below ) to be received by january 31st , 1999 . notification of acceptance or rejection of the papers will be sent by april 30th , 1999 , and final versions of accepted papers will be due by june 15th , 1999 . * submitted papers must be original and not submitted for publication elsewhere . * the primary means of submission is electronic , in postscript format . papers should be e-mailed to ld98 @ informatik . uni-freiburg . de . if electronic submission is not possible , then 5 hard copies should be sent to the postal address given below . regardless of the submission method , a letter or e-mail message accompanying the paper must contain the title , authors , and contact information ( e-mail and postal addresses ) . * authors are strongly encouraged to use latex2e and the article document class with a4paper and 11pt as options . ( basic dimensions for a4paper - 11pt format are approximately : text height 300mm , text width 210mm , 11pt text with a 13 . 5pt leading ( baseline skip ) . ) * submitted papers must be written in english . reception of submissions will be confirmed by e-mail after we have succeeded in printing the paper . important dates submission deadline : january 31st , 1999 notification of acceptance : april 30th , 1999 deadline for final papers : june 15th , 1999 program committee david basin , institut fr informatik , albert - ludwigs - universitt freiburg , germany marcello d ' agostino , universit di ferrara , italy dov gabbay , king 's college , london , uk sen matthews , max - planck - institut fr informatik , saarbrcken , germany luca vigan , institut fr informatik , albert - ludwigs - universitt freiburg , germany addresses * the labelled deduction ( ld ' 98 ) home page ( http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 / ) * email : ld98 @ informatik . uni-freiburg . de * by post : labelled deduction c / o luca vigan institut fr informatik albert - ludwigs - universitt freiburg universittsgelnde flugplatz d-79110 freiburg germany phone : + 49 ( 761 ) 203-8243 fax : + 49 ( 761 ) 203-8242
",0
2212,"Subject: book review ( cheng ) : on the typology of wh - questions
 
 cheng , lisa lai - shen . ( 1997 ) . on the typology of wh - questions . outstanding dissertations in linguistics series . garland publishing , new york & london . 210 pages . reviewed by kerstin hoge , university of oxford introduction this book ( originally written as the author 's 1991 ph . d . dissertation ) attempts to account for the full range of cross-linguistic variation found with single and multiple wh-questions . to this aim , cheng proposes the clausal typing hypothesis which postulates a parameter that identification ( or ' typing ' ) of a sentence as a wh-question is achieved either by a question particle or by overt wh-movement . the first part of the book ( chapters 2 and 3 ) discusses the clausal typing hypothesis and its predictions and implications for the analysis of wh-in - situ languages , single movement languages , optional movement languages and multiple fronting languages . data from multiple fronting languages lead cheng to an investigation of the interpretation and inherent properties of wh-words in a number of languages . this marks the transition to the second part of the book ( chapters 4 and 5 ) which shifts the focus to wh-words and quantificational phenomena in mandarin chinese . cheng 's book provides an extensive overview of the differences exhibited across languages with respect to wh-question formation and presents an interesting attempt to unify two previously separate approaches to wh-movement in arguing that both properties of c and of the wh-words themselves are responsible for the observed typological distinctions . synopsis chapter 1 presents the general aims and outline of the book and briefly introduces the phrase structure of mandarin chinese , which features prominently in the book as an example of a wh-in - situ language . chapter 2 introduces the clausal typing hypothesis . cheng observes that languages which allow for wh-in - situ in single questions invariably use overt markings ( such as particles ) in matrix yes-no questions . if a language has an overt yes-no question particle , it will also have a wh-question particle , which may but need not be overt . question particles and overt wh-movement , both of which identify a clause as an interrogative , are thus mutually exclusive . to account for this generalisation , cheng proposes that clauses are typed at s - structure either by a wh-particle or by overt wh-movement but crucially not by both in one language , cf . ( 1 ) . ( 1 ) clausal typing hypothesis every clause needs to be typed . in the case of typing a wh-question , either a wh-particle in c is used or else fronting of a wh-word to the spec of c is used , thereby typing a clause through c by spec - head agreement . ( = cheng 1997 : 22 , ( 9 ) ) the two available strategies are illustrated by mandarin chinese and english , respectively . mandarin chinese satisfies clausal typing by base-generating a wh-particle in c . consequently , all wh-phrases will stay in-situ . overt wh-movement is ruled out by the principle of economy of derivation ( chomsky 1989 ) , according to which movement is more costly than merge , a ' last resort ' operation and applicable only when clausal typing could not be achieved otherwise . at lf , wh-phrases move to speccp for scope , selection and absorption purposes . english uses overt wh-movement to satisfy clausal typing , i . e . c acquires the [ + wh ] - feature of the xp in its specifier . the clausal typing hypothesis further requires cheng to make the following assumptions with respect to english : ( i ) subject wh-phrases must undergo overt movement ( contra the vacuous movement hypothesis ) , ( ii ) no q - morpheme or [ + wh ] - feature is base-generated in c , and ( iii ) ' whether ' and ' if ' are not question particles . chapter 3 discusses optional and multiple wh-fronting languages which present a challenge to the clausal typing hypothesis . optional fronting languages appear to use both modes of clausal typing , i . e . they allow for wh-fronting although they have a wh-particle ( given the possibility of wh-in - situ ) . using egyptian arabic , bahasa indonesia and palauan as languages of investigation , cheng argues that questions with fronted wh-phrases in optional fronting languages do not instantiate overt wh-movement but display clear similarities to cleft and topicalisation structures . thus , a ' fronted ' wh-argument is base-generated as the subject of a reduced cleft construction , while a fronted wh-adjunct has undergone topicalisation . optional fronting languages are then straightforward in-situ languages which satisfy clausal typing by base-generating a wh-particle in ( matrix ) c . multiple fronting languages appear to violate the principle of economy of derivation in that all wh-phrases must move at s - structure although clausal typing is satisfied by single wh-movement . extending nishigauchi 's ( 1990 ) analysis of japanese wh-words , cheng suggests that bare wh-words in multiple fronting languages are similar to indefinites , i . e . they lack inherent quantificational force and simply introduce variables into the semantic representation which must be bound by other elements in the sentence . it is thus not surprising that the interpretation of a wh-word in a multiple fronting language can vary with its context . for example , polish wh-words are interpreted as interrogatives when fronted , receive a d ( iscourse ) - linked reading when in-situ , are used as polarity items in yes-no questions and conditional sentences , and form the morphological base of indefinites , filling out the whole paradigms of person , place and time . cheng now argues that the four different readings arise because there are four different binders which determine the quantificational force of the bare wh-word ( wh ) in these contexts , as schematised in ( 2 ) . ( 2 ) binders ( and readings ) of polish wh - words : a . wh is bound by an overt d ( eterminer ) ( existential reading ) b . wh is bound by a null d with interrogative force ( interrogative reading ) c . wh is bound by existential closure ( polarity reading ) d . wh is bound by a [ + wh ] c ( d - linked reading ) null determiners which contribute interrogative quantificational force need to be licensed and identified by feature matching with a [ + wh ] c at s - structure . it is thus to satisfy the licensing requirement of the null determiner that all wh-phrases in multiple fronting languages move to a position governed by c . the chapter also contains a discussion of rudin 's ( 1988 ) proposal to distinguish between multiple fronting languages which allow for multiply filled speccp ( e . g . bulgarian , romanian ) and those where speccp can host only one wh-phrase and all other wh-phrases are ip - adjoined ( e . g . polish , czech ) . here , cheng proposes to replace rudin 's ecp - style account of superiority effects with an analysis that derives them from the 's hortest movement ' condition , so as to account for the observed [ subject + adjunct ] and [ object + adjunct ] orderings of wh-phrases in the bulgarian - type languages . moreover , she suggests analysing ip - adjunction as q ( uantifier ) r ( aising ) and thus as clausebound , thereby ruling out multiple wh-extraction from embedded clauses in polish - type languages . in chapter 4 cheng examines wh-words in mandarin chinese and analyses them as polarity items which require both a trigger and a binder for interpretation , cf . ( 3 ) . ( 3 ) wh - words in mandarin chinese reading trigger binder - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - interrogative wh-particle wh-particle ( unselective binder ) polarity yes-no particle / existential closure negation ( unselective binder ) universal dou ' all ' dou ' all ' ( selective binder ) thus , when a wh-word is interpreted as an interrogative , it is licensed by a wh-particle which will also bind it and contribute interrogative force to it . the polarity reading is triggered by a yes-no particle or negation , and the binder of the wh-word is introduced by existential closure which will apply to the elements inside vp . it follows that wh-words in affective contexts cannot occur in subject position ( specaspp ) as this position is external to vp and therefore not in the scope of existential closure . cheng further argues that all indefinites in mandarin chinese lack inherent quantificational force and must be bound by existential closure . this has the consequence that indefinites cannot occur in subject position unless the aspp is the complement of a modal ( you ' have ' ) which can act as a binder for the indefinite subject . the second half of chapter 4 is taken up with a discussion of the universal quantifier dou ' all ' , which cheng analyses as a quantificational adverb which is base-generated as an asp ' - or v ' - adjunct . at lf , the distributor dou adjoins to its associate . this movement is clause-bound and leaves a trace which must be antecedent-governed . dou is a selective binder and can only license one np at a time , moving to the closest element which can use a trigger . chapter 5 deals with multiple quantification and interactions between wh - and quantifier phrases in mandarin chinese and english . in mandarin chinese scope relations between quantified phrases always reflect their surface order . cheng explains this lack of scope ambiguities as resulting from the fact that neither indefinites nor universally quantified phrases undergo qr . the interpretation of questions which contain universally quantified phrases ( mei - nps ) appears to be sensitive to the presence of the quantificational adverb dou ' all ' . whereas questions which contain a mei - np without dou only have an individual reading , questions with a mei - np which is licensed by dou allow for both an individual and a pair-list reading , cf . ( 4 ) . ( 4 ) mei-ge - ren dou mai-le shenme every - cl - person all buy-asp what ' what did everyone buy ? ' a . what is the thing such that everyone bought ? b . for every x , what is the thing that x bought ? ( = cheng 1997 : 161 , ( 31 ) ) the ambiguity does , however , not result from different scope relations . rather , cheng argues , the pair-list reading is due to a distributive reading of mei - np which is created by its association with the distributor dou . scope reconstruction ( frampton 1990 ) of the wh-phrase to the site of its intermediate ( vp - adjoined ) trace ( which cheng adopts in her analysis of english wh-quantifier interactions ) is not possible in ( 4 ) because dou creates a barrier and the intermediate trace therefore deletes at lf . cheng 's analysis of wh-quantifier interactions in mandarin chinese rests on the assumption that wh-phrases move at lf . she discusses both arguments in favour of lf - movement and aoun and li 's ( 1993 ) claim that in-situ wh-phrases do not move at lf since they can be modified by ' only ' which needs to be associated with an overt element in its c-command domain . cheng argues that wh-phrases which are modified by ' only ' must have a d - linked interpretation and do therefore not constitute evidence against lf - movement . she further notes reinhart 's ( 1990 ) observation that d - linked wh-phrases have to move to be properly interpreted and suggests that such movement takes place at a post - lf level . the chapter concludes with a discussion of the landing site of lf - movement which cheng identifies as speccp ( contra mahajan 1990 ) . comments cheng 's book occupies a place which marks the onset of the minimalist approach to syntactic theory . while she assumes the barriers framework of chomsky ( 1986 ) and uses a disjunctive ecp to derive locality conditions on dou and the lack of scope reconstruction in wh-quantifier interactions , the principle of economy of derivation is central to her argumentation . not only does it prohibit a language from using both strategies for clausal typing , it also accounts for superiority effects in bulgarian ( by forcing movement of the closest wh-phrase to occur first ) , and precludes lf - lowering of indefinite subjects in mandarin chinese ( since there is an alternative derivation which generates a structure with a modal binder ) . moreover , it rules out multiple wh-movement for clausal typing and thus requires cheng to account for multiple fronting languages as resulting from a licensing requirement of the wh-words . as seen earlier , multiple fronting is shown to correlate with the ability of the wh-words to form the morphological base of indefinite nps . however , it appears that not all languages that have indefinites which are derived from wh-words display multiple fronting . german prefixes a wh-word with irgend - 's ome ' to form an indefinite , filling out the whole paradigms of person , place and time , as seen in ( 5 ) . ( 5 ) german wer ' who ' irgendwer 's omeone ' wo ' where ' irgendwo 's omewhere ' wann ' when ' irgendwann 's ometime ' was ' what ' irgendwas 's omething ' moreover , a bare wh-expression can be used as a polarity item in yes-no questions and conditionals , e . g . ( 6 ) - ( 7 ) . ( 6 ) hast du wen angerufen ? have you whom called ' did you call anybody ? ' ( 7 ) wenn du wen anrufen willst , musst du mir bescheid sagen . if you whom call want , must you me let-know ' if you want to call anybody , you must let me know . ' the morphological forms and possible readings of german wh-words thus mirror the situation found with polish wh-words , as described by cheng . german and polish also have in common that neither language has a question particle ( under cheng 's analysis ) and that they must therefore use overt wh-movement for clausal typing . however , whereas polish fulfils cheng 's prediction and fronts all wh-phrases in multiple questions , german can only move one wh-word to clause-initial position , cf ( 8 ) . ( 8 ) a . wer hat wen angerufen ? who has whom called ' who called whom ? ' b . * wer wen hat angerufen ? who whom has called yiddish presents the reverse problem in that it allows for multiple wh-movement but does not derive its indefinites from the wh-words in a morphologically transparent way , cf . ( 9 ) . ( 9 ) ver ' who ' emetser 's omeone ' vu ' where ' ergets ( vu ) 's omewhere ' ven ' when ' a mol 's ometime ' vos ' what ' epes 's omething ' to make things worse , multiple fronting is optional in yiddish . wh - phrases can stay in-situ without necessarily having a d - linked reading , cf . ( 10 ) . ( 10 ) a . ver vemen hot ongeklungen ? who whom has called ' who called whom ? ' b . ver hot ongeklungen vemen ? who has called whom ' who called whom ? ' german and yiddish thus appear to be direct counterexamples to cheng 's analysis of multiple fronting languages . note also in this context that french , often cited as an example of an optional movement language , falls outside cheng 's analysis . as acknowledged in the book ( 1997 : 39 , fn 4 ) , french does not have a question particle and is therefore not an in-situ language . nevertheless it allows for wh-words to remain in-situ in single matrix questions . it might be possible to account for optional wh-movement in french by postulating that french possesses both a non-overt yes-no particle and a non-overt wh-particle . french would then satisfy clausal typing by base-generating a wh-particle in c and all wh-phrases could stay in-situ . movement of a wh-phrase to clause-initial position could be due to another attractor , such as focus , which is not obligatorily present . whatever appeal such an analysis might hold , it points to the problem of allowing for non-overt question particles . while we do not expect to find overt wh-particles in languages without yes-no particles , what will stop us from assuming that a language which allows a wh-word to stay in-situ has a question particle even when there is no ( phonologically ) overt evidence for such a claim ? cheng 's proposal to relate wh-in - situ to the availability of non-overt wh-particles may thus ultimately turn out to be too permissive a theory . another problem arises with cheng 's approach to superiority effects in bulgarian - type languages . as noted , cheng explains superiority effects as violations of the principle of economy of derivation . given that "" adverbs are in the most embedded positions "" ( 1997 : 81 ) , [ adjunct + argument ] orderings are ruled out because movement of the argument is a shorter movement and must therefore take place before the adjunct moves to speccp . however , as observed by boskovic ( 1997 ) , bulgarian questions containing more than two fronted wh-phrases display superiority effects only with respect to the topmost wh-phrase , the others are freely ordered , contrary to the prediction made by cheng 's approach . these comments aside , cheng 's book is to be commended . it is an extremely well written and clearly presented work which should be fully comprehensible even to readers who are not familiar with the literature on mandarin chinese syntax or heim 's ( 1982 ) theory of indefinites . the book is ambitious in its scope , discussing a wide range of languages , and has undoubtedly made an important contribution to the study of wh-movement . references aoun , j . and a . li . ( 1993 ) . wh - elements in situ : syntax of lf ? linguistic inquiry 24 . 199-238 . boskovic , z . ( 1997 ) . on certain violations of the superiority condition , agro , and economy of derivation . journal of linguistics 33 . 227-254 . chomsky , n . ( 1986 ) . barriers . cambridge , mass . : mit press . chomsky , n . ( 1989 ) . some notes on economy of derivation and representation . in mitwpl 10 : functional heads and clause structure ( reprinted in principles and parameters in comparative grammar , ed . by r . freidin , 417-454 . cambridge , mass . : mit press ) . frampton , j . ( 1990 ) . the fine structure of wh-movement and the proper formulation of the ecp . ms . , northeastern university . heim , i . ( 1982 ) . the semantics of definite and indefinite noun phrases . ph . d . dissertation , university of massachusetts , amherst . mahajan , a . ( 1990 ) . the a / a - bar distinction and movement theory . ph . d . dissertation , mit . nishigauchi , t . ( 1990 ) . quantification in the theory of grammar . dordrecht : kluwer . reinhart , t . ( 1990 ) . interpreting wh-in - situ . ms . rudin , c . ( 1988 ) . on multiple questions and multiple wh fronting . natural language and linguistic theory 6 . 445-502 . kerstin hoge is a d . phil . student in linguistics at the university of oxford . her research interests include syntactic theory and yiddish .
",0
2213,"Subject: yuen ren society conference
 
 annual conference , yuen ren society for the promotion of chinese dialect fieldwork 7 february , 1998 317 thomson hall , university of washington , seattle admission is free and open to the public . * * * * * * * * * * * * program * * * * * * * * * * * * panel i 9 : 00-10 : 30 chair : david prager branner 9 : 00 the jintarn and danyang dialects richard vanness simmons , rutgers university 9 : 30 literary vs . vernacular pronunciation of characters ( wenbaiyidu ) in shanghai sheng - tai chang , [ no affiliation ] 10 : 00the evolution of the jiang1 - yan2 dialect jiangmin zhang and lina lu , pacific university * * * * * * * * * * * * 10 : 30 break * * * * * * * * * * * * panel ii 11 : 00-12 : 00 chair : south coblin 11 : 00 ngai hua of luo2 - cheng2 county , guang3 - xi1 province jerold a . edmondson , university of texas at arlington gui minchao , university of oklahoma 11 : 30 hakka revisited jerry norman , university of washington * * * * * * * * * * * * 12 : 00 lunch break * * * * * * * * * * * * panel iii 2 : 00 - 3 : 30 chair : jerry norman 2 : 00 common features of the shan1 - xi1 and the southern dialects anne yue - hashimoto , university of washington 2 : 30 a brief history of mandarin w . south coblin , university of iowa 3 : 00 ji3 - nan2 , an endangered dialect hua lin , university of victoria , canada cao zhiyun , beijing language and culture university , china * * * * * * * * * * * * 3 : 30 break * * * * * * * * * * * * panel iv 4 : 00 - 5 : 30 chair : richard vanness simmons 4 : 00 a glossary of the nantong dialect benjamin ao , [ no affiliation ] 4 : 30 taiwanese southern min "" thumb "" warren brewer , tamkang university , taiwan 5 : 00 on some numeral codes david prager branner , university of minnesota
",0
2214,"Subject: available for review : kpelle dictionary , phonology
 
 the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , ph . d . , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not include an electronic cv or a url linking to a personal homepage . these will be ignored . please also send a surface mail address for us to send the book to . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * kpelle dictionary kpelle - english dictionary with english - kpelle glossary elizabeth grace winkler ( indiana university - bloomington ) iulc publications . 1997 this dictionary of kpelle as spoken in bong county , liberia was prepared with the assistance of clara jimmy - samba , a native speaker of the language . kpelle is part of the mande branch of the western sudanic subgroup of the niger congo family and is representative of mande languages in many ways , including the absence of noun class markers and the presence of five tonal melodies . as kplelle is not a written language , dictionary entries ( over 1 , 100 ) are given in phonetic transcription . also included are comments on the sound system and grammar of kpelle . phonology ncholas j . kibre ( 1997 ) a model of mutation in welsh . iulc publications . bloomington . in light of recent advances in several areas of linguistics , kibre examines the phenomenon o finitial consonant mutation in welsh , arguing that mutation should be considered part of the phonological representation of morphemes . several sets of mixed mutation types are accounted for within the framework of lexical phonology , particularly through an appeal to the elsewhere condition . several "" structural "" mutations are accounted for in terms of mutation-triggering but segmentally empty particles . the analysis concludes with an outline of a mixed model incorporating rules into an ot framework which offers advantages over the traditional generative approach .
",0
2215,"Subject: available for review : semantics
 
 the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , ph . d . , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not include an electronic cv or a url linking to a personal homepage . these will be ignored . please also send a surface mail address for us to send the book to . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * semantics : ishikawa , kiyoshi ( 1998 ) a network thoery of reference . iulc publications . bloomington . noting specific inadequacies with truth-conditional approaches , ishikawa develops a dynamic theory of reference incorporating features of discourse representation theory , file change semantics and situation semantics , and also deals with non-monotonic belief revision . he argues that the task of natural language semantics is to describe meaning in terms of the psychological relation of language to our cognition of external reality . in his approach , a linguistic expression 's meaning is its potential to change the information state of a cognitive agent . reference is not understood as a link to a real individual external to an agent , but as the agent 's act to link a character in a linguistic frame of individuation to characters in other ( linguistic or nonlinguistic ) frames . as the target of inquiry , the distinction between referential and attributive uses of definite descriptions is analyzed through the construction of conversation scenarios . in addition , ishikawa extends his theory to an analysis of belief and attitude reports . application of the theory to cleft and pseudocleft constructions is also outlined . semantics klein , henny ( 1997 ) adverbs of degree in dutch and related languages . john benjamins
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2216,"Subject: available for review : syntax , pragmatics , disorders
 
 the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , ph . d . , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not include an electronic cv or a url linking to a personal homepage . these will be ignored . please also send a surface mail address for us to send the book to . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * pragmatic disorders paradis , michel ( 1998 ) pragmatics in neurogenic communication disorders . pergamon press ( elsevier science ) . pragmatics : habermas , jurgen ( 1998 ) ( edited by maeve cooke ) on the pragmatics of communication . mit press , cambridge syntax : bennis et al ( 1998 ) atomism and binding . foris dordrecht ( h . a . g ) . syntax : uriagereka , juan ( 1998 ) rhyme and reason : an introduction to minimalist syntax . mit press , cambridge .
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2217,"Subject: semcom metaphor symposium
 
 symposium on metaphor , ai and cognition = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = at the aisb ' 99 convention , 6th - 9th april 1999 edinburgh college of art & division of informatics , university of edinburgh u . k . convention url : http : / / www . dai . ed . ac . uk / daidb / people / homes / geraint / aisb99 / cfp url for this symposium : . . . same as above . . . / 08 - metaphor call for papers the convention - - - - - - - - - - - - - the aisb ' 99 convention will be held in edinburgh in april 1999 . it will consist of 13 workshops and symposia on a wide range of themes in artificial intelligence and cognitive science . an underlying theme of the convention this year is the study of creativity , though not all of the events include a creative element . further details of aisb ' 99 will be found at the conference web site , listed above . the metaphor symposium - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - paper submissions are invited for the symposium on metaphor , ai and cognition . metaphor has been shown to arise frequently and systematically in everyday text and speech , and in specific types of discourse such as educational interchange . it is also of great practical importance in various other areas of life , including graphical representation , music , visual art and computer interface usage . it is therefore an important concern for ai ( and cognitive science generally ) . with the increasing use of computers in society , and the increasing relevance of ai to the development of people-friendly systems , the topic of metaphor must be given much more computational attention than it has been if such systems are truly to succeed . the symposium welcomes contributions on metaphor that seek to illuminate how people or ai systems do or could process metaphor , in whatever medium or form of life it appears . field studies , corpus-based studies and linguistic or philosophical analyses are also welcome , especially if they illuminate difficult processing problems that must be faced . the more computationally , processually , representationally or mathematically specific a contribution to the workshop is , the better ; but contributions that are not specific in these regards will be considered . the areas of interest of the symposium on metaphor , ai and cognition will include , but are not limited to , the following : o handling familiar ( conventional ) metaphor o handling novel metaphor o detecting metaphor in utterances , pictures , diagrams , etc . o extracting metaphorical meaning or connotations o metaphor-based reasoning o generating metaphorical utterances , diagrams , etc . o translation of metaphorical utterances o relationship of metaphor to analogy o relationship of metaphor to literal meaning o frequency of metaphor in discourse o relationship of metaphor to lexicons o effect of metaphor on comprehension , learning , etc . o effect of metaphorical views of computation , intelligence , etc . on the conduct of ai and cognitive science o relationship of metaphor to other non-literal forms of expression or cognition . papers will be selected by anonymous peer review of extended abstracts of not more than 4 a4 pages . a cover page should be supplied listing the title , and the author 's name and affiliation , but the extended abstract itself should not identify the author . deadlines are listed in the timetable , below . programme chair : john barnden school of computer science university of birmingham u . k . j . a . barnden @ cs . bham . ac . uk http : / / www . cs . bham . ac . uk / ~ jab ( + 44 ) ( 0 ) 121-414 - 3816 programme committee : richard coyne department of architecture university of edinburgh u . k . ann dowker department of experimental psychology university of oxford u . k . mark lee school of computer science university of birmingham u . k . tony veale school of computer applications dublin city university eire . yorick wilks department of computer science university of sheffield u . k . submissions should be sent to the programme chair at the following address : school of computer science the university of birmingham edgbaston birmingham b15 2tt u . k . or by email to j . a . barnden @ cs . bham . ac . uk . the following formats are acceptable : hardcopy : 4 copies by email : plain text or unix postscript * only * . timetable submission of extended abstracts : 21 december ' 98 notification of result : 20 january ' 99 submission of camera-ready copy : 12 march ' 99
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2218,"Subject: language policy at the millenium
 
 language policy at the millenium call for research reports , case studies , problem statements in language planning and policy the language policy research center in cooperation with the lechter institute and the lewis family fund for international conferences in the humanities are now planning the second international symposium on language policy , language policy at the millennium , to be held at bar - ilan university , ramat gan , israel , from november 23-25 , 1999 . our goal for the symposium is to provide an opportunity to reassess the current status of language policy studies at the end of the century and to clarify theory and methods of the field . we hope to identify questions and define guidelines for the next decade of research . six invited papers will serve as conceptual and theoretical jumping off points for the shorter research reports and case studies requested in this call . the focal papers will be given by joshua a . fishman , joseph lo bianco , lachman khubchandani , peter nelde , carol myers - scotton , and bernard spolsky . in order to offer data-based challenges to the discussion , we invite abstracts of research reports , case studies or statements of a problem in the field of language policy and planning , from which we will select a small number for presentation , each to be juxtaposed with one of the focal papers . in addition , there will be a poster session for presentation of individual research . please submit your abstract of a proposal for a short research report , case study , or statement of a problem in an area of language policy by march 1 , 1999 to joel walters at the address below . notification of acceptance will be sent by april 15 , 1999 . if you have questions , feel free to contact us . sincerely , organizing committee : muhammad amara , bar - ilan university ellen spolsky , bar - ilan university joel walters , bar - ilan university elana shohamy , tel - aviv university bernard spolsky , bar - ilan university language policy research center faculty of humanities bar - ilan university ramat gan , israel 52900 tel . 972 - 3-531 - 8125 fax 972 - 3-535 - 4062 email : waltej @ mail . biu . ac . il additional information will soon be available on the lprc website : http : / www . biu . il / hu / lprc
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2219,"Subject: poznan linguistic meeting 1999
 
 plm 1999 32nd poznan linguistic meeting recent developments in linguistic theory 30 april-2 may 1999 first circular and call for papers programme the 32nd poznan linguistic meeting , organized by the school of english , adam mickiewicz university , poznan , poland , will continue the theme of the previous meetings , recent developments in linguistic theory . the already known points on the programme of plm 1999 are : a session in honour of prof . jacek fisiak to celebrate the 40th anniversary of his academic career a teach-in on modern methods in experimental phonetics presented by prof . grzegorz dogil ( stuttgart ) a workshop on the syntax and semantics of slavic negation organized by dr . adam przepiorkowski ( tuebingen ) ( please find attached the organiser 's call for papers ) a workshop on constraints and / vs . preferences organized by prof . katarzyna dziubalska - kolaczyk ( poznan ) . prof . wolfgang u . dressler ( vienna ) and prof . rajendra singh ( montreal ) have already confirmed their participation . you are invited to contact the organizer about the details of the workshop : dkasia @ ifa . amu . edu . pl a session on issues in pragmatics organized by prof . barbara kryk - kastovsky ( poznan ) : dieter . kastovsky @ univie . ac . at papers proposals for papers ( as well as other sessions or workshops ) concerned in any way with recent developments in linguistic theory are invited . two - page abstracts ( including bibliography ) should be submitted to the plm 1999 address by 15 january 1999 - preferably by e-mail ( plm @ ifa . amu . edu . pl ) . abstracts will be reviewed by an international advisory board . notification of acceptance will be sent to the authors by the end of february 1999 . book exhibition and sale traditionally , a book exhibition and sale will be organized by the omnibus bookshop , offering very attractive prices on books by major linguistic publishers . venue the venue is different from that of last year . its address is centrum kongresowe instytutu ochrony roslin miczurina 20a 60-318 poznan tel . ( + 48 61 ) 864 92 01 fax ( + 48 61 ) 867 11 75 this is a congress centre of a high standard , including conference rooms and accommodation . approximate prices : single room : 131 pln one bed in a double room : 100 pln . some additional , cheaper accommodation will be available at hotel gromada babimojska 7 ( across the road from the congress centre ) 60-161 poznan fax ( + 48 61 ) 867 31 61 one bed in a double room : 55 pln . ( current pln exchange rate : 1 usd = 3 . 40 pln ) registration 100 usd payable on arrival the fee includes the cost of conference materials , banquet , tea / coffee during the meeting . reply forms for preliminary registration , please complete and return the enclosed form as soon as possible . address for inquiries , abstracts and reply forms plm 1999 school of english adam mickiewicz university collegium novum al . niepodleglosci 4 61-874 poznan poland tel : ( + 48 61 ) 852-88 - 20 fax : ( + 48 61 ) 852-31 - 03 e-mail : plm @ ifa . amu . edu . pl www : http : / / elex . amu . edu . pl / ifa / plm / plm organisers katarzyna dziubalska - kolaczyk jaroslaw weckwerth - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers workshop on the syntax and semantics of slavic negation may 1 - 2 , 1999 during 32nd poznan linguistic meeting ( plm ' 99 ) poznan , poland april 30 - may 2 , 1999 invited speakers ( to be confirmed ) : eva hajicova , charles university , prague maria luisa rivero , university of ottawa abstracts abstracts are invited for 30 - minute talks on all aspects of ( morpho ) syntax and semantics of negation in slavic languages ( also comparing slavic negation to that in other languages ) from any theoretical perspective . the official language of the workshop will be english . we have tentatively arranged with slavica publishers for publishing a volume of selected papers presented at the workshop . further details will be announced at the workshop . abstract requirements : abstracts should be no more than one standard size page in length with the option of including an additional page for data and references . abstracts should be in at least 10 - point type with 1 - inch margins , single-spaced . they should be anonymous . the preferred way of submitting an abstract is via email . abstracts should be sent to the following address : adamp @ sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de acceptable formats are : pure ascii , postscript , tex , latex , latex2e , rtf , also gzipped uuencoded versions thereof . please , send in a separate email the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , address for correspondence , and the title of the paper . alternatively , 3 copies of the abstract , accompanied by a separate card stating the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliation , address , and the title of the paper , should be sent to : adam przepiorkowski ipi pan ul . ordona 21 01-237 warszawa poland abstracts should be received not later than on february 12 , 1999 . important dates : submission deadline : 12th february 1999 acceptance notification : 14th march 1999 programme announcement : 1st april 1999 workshop : 1st - - 2nd may 1999 participation : anybody intending to participate ( including the speakers ) should register for the poznan linguistic meeting ( plm ' 99 ) . any inquiries should be sent to the address below . adam przepiorkowski universitaet tuebingen , gk ils seminar fuer sprachwissenschaft wilhelmstr . 113 d-72074 tuebingen germany office : ( + 49 7071 ) 2972741 home : ( + 49 7071 ) 62410 email : adamp @ sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de www : http : / / www . sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de / ~ adamp / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - plm ' 99 reply form - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - title - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - name - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - affiliation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - address - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if you would like to read a paper , specify the section - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - title of the paper - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i will probably arrive in poznan on - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - and leave on - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - special wishes - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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2220,"Subject: constraints / preferences at plm 1999 : call for papers
 
 call for papers for a workshop on constraints and / vs . preferences 1 may 1999 during plm ' 99 32nd poznan linguistic meeting recent developments in linguistic theory 30 april - 2 may issues & special topics : * the nature of both constraints and preferences and their epistemological compatibility * scalar nature of preferences vs . absolute nature of constraints ( scalar constraints ? ) * hierarchy vs . rule order ( principles of ranking ) * constraints vs . rules / processes * predictive and explanatory power of constraints and preferences * constraints / preferences and online processing * learnability problem * pro / contra parallelisms between diachronic change and synchronic rules / processes * phonological and phonetic constraints * illustrations and empirical evidence for any claims concerning the above issues speakers who confirmed their participation so far : wolfgang u . dressler ( vienna ) rajendra singh ( montreal ) nikolaus ritt ( vienna ) martin prinzhorn ( vienna ) abstracts : please send one-page abstracts to dkasia @ ifa . amu . edu . pl by the end of february 1999 . registration : please register for the poznan linguistic meeting if you intend to participate ( as a speaker or otherwise ) in the workshop . you will find the reply form and address in the first circular of the plm ' 99 http : / / elex . amu . edu . pl / ifa / plm / index . html katarzyna dziubalska - kolaczyk dkasia @ ifa . amu . edu . pl
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2221,"Subject: paclic12 call for participation
 
 paclic ' 12 - - the 12th pacific asia conference on linguistics , information and computation national university of singapore february 18-20 , 1998 http : / / sunzi . iss . nus . sg : 1996 / paclic12 / paclic12 @ iss . nus . sg attached below are papers to be presented at the conference . for further information , please check the web page and / or email us . guo jin for paclic12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - opening ceremony ( 9 : 00 - - 9 : 30am , 18 feb 98 ) tea break ( 9 : 30 - - 10 : 00am , 18 feb 98 ) session i grammar ( 10 : 00am - - 12 : 30pm , 18 feb 98 ) 1 . daeho chung : ettehkey ' how ' as a small clause head . 2 . beom - mo kang : three kinds of korean reflexives : a corpus linguistic investigation on grammar and usage . 3 . york chung - ho yang & june - jei kuo : the chinese temporal coverbs , postpositions , coverb - postposition pairs , and their temporal logic . 4 . jie xu : grammatical devices in the processing of [ + wh ] and [ + focus ] 5 . lian - cheng chief : mandarin intransitive reflexive verbs and the unaccusative hypothesis ( mandarin intransitive reflexive verbs ) . session ii syntax and phonology ( 2 : 00pm - - 5 : 30pm , 18 feb 98 ) 1 . masahiro oku : analyzing embedded noun phrase structures derived from japanese double - nominal - case construction . 2 . akira ikeya and masahito kawamori : the two kinds of japanese negative nai in terms of their np1 licensing condition . 3 . chiharu uda kikuta : a multiple inheritance analysis of the internally - headed relative clause in japanese . 4 . yoshie yamashita : the acquisition of functional categories : data from japanese . 5 . seiichiro inaba : moras , syllables , and feet in japanese . 6 . seok - keun kang : english nasal - final prefixes and uniform exponence . session iii lexicon and semantics ( 9 : 00am - - 12 : 30pm , 19 feb 98 ) 1 . jae - il yeom & ik - hwan lee : common grounds as multiple information states . 2 . yibin ni : co - interpretation network in english discourse . 3 . cornelia maria verspoor : predictivity vs . stipulativity in the lexicon . 4 . dan - hee yang , ik - hwan lee & mansuk song : on using case prototypicality as a semantic primitive . 5 . hiroaki nakamura & takeshi fujita : case alternations in potential constructions in japanese and their semantic implications . 6 . kiyoshi ishikawa : on plural anaphora . session iv keynote speeches ( 2 : 00pm - - 4 : 30pm , 19 feb 98 ) 1 . jhing - fa wang : experience on the development of spoken language system based on continuous speech recognition . 2 . k . p . mohanan : a topic on theoretical linguistics to be announced special workshop : ( 5 : 00pm - - 6 : 00pm , 19 feb 98 ) 1 . yasuhito tanaka & kenji kita : machine - readable dictionary headwords . 2 . charles lee : the advantages of 3d - trees in modelling human sentence processing . 3 . young - soog chae : an improvement of korean proof - reading system using corpus and collocation rules ( a korean proof - reading system using multiple dictionaries and a corpus ) . 4 . shun ha sylvia wong & peter hancox : an investigation into the use of argument structure and lexical mapping theory for machine translation . 5 . kok wee gan : using a semantic classification in parsing chinese : some preliminary results . 6 . yong - beo kim : adjunct roles and external predication . 7 . mariko saiki : on the underlying representation of the tough construction in english . 8 . minako nakayasu : tense and the speaker 's attitude in english . session v language modelling ( 9 : 00am - - 1 : 00pm , 20 feb 98 ) 1 . guodong zhou & kim - teng lua : mi - trigger - based language modelling . 2 . zhao - ming gao & harold somers : extracting recurrent phrases and terms from texts using a purely statistical method . 3 . haizhou li & baosheng yuan : chinese word segmentation . 4 . julia hockenmaier & chris brew : error - driven learning of chinese word segmentation . 5 . yujie zhang & kazuhiko ozeki : automatic bunsetsu segmentation of japanese sentences using a classification tree . 6 . kenneth lau & robert luk : word - sense classification by hierarchical clustering . 7 . zhao - ming gao : a high - precision translation lexicon from parallel chinese - english corpora ( automatic acquisition of a high - precision translation lexicon from parallel chinese - english corpora ) . session vi parsing and processing ( 2 . 00pm - - 5 : 30pm , 20 feb 98 ) 1 . joe zhou : surrogator : a simple yet efficient document condensation system . 2 . haodong wu : a computational method for resolving ambiguities in coordinate structures . 3 . simin li & y . itoh : on removing ambiguity in text understanding . 4 . june - jei kuo : an automatic chinese document revision system using the bit and character mask approach . 5 . yasuo koyama : japanese kana - to - kanji conversion using large scale collocation data . 6 . hanmin jung et al : syntactic verifier as a filter to compound unit recognizer
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2222,"Subject: high desert linguistics society / students
 
 call for papers the high desert linguistics society 2nd student conference in linguistics ( hdls - 2 ) march 26-27 , 1999 university of new mexico albuquerque keynote speaker : dr . sandra thompson , ucsb we invite student papers from all areas of linguistics , but we especially encourage papers in following specific areas of inquiry : form and function language change and grammaticization discourse analysis native american linguistics sign language linguistics computational linguistics sociolinguistics & language planning abstracts for 20 - minutes papers may be a maximum of one page . at the top of the abstract ( if by e-mail ) or on a separate page ( if on paper ) , please include : title of paper author name ( s ) and affiliation ( s ) topic area ( from the list above or whatever seems appropriate ) e-mail address paper mailing address submission deadline : abstracts must be received by jan . 22 , 1999 . where to submit : abstracts for 20 - minute papers should be e-mailed in ascii , word , or word perfect form to : < hdls @ unm . edu > . please use "" abstract "" as your subject header . if you are submitting more than one abstract , please e-mail each separately . if you prefer to use regular mail , send two copies of your abstract to : hdls - 2 abstracts university of new mexico humanities 526 albuquerque , nm 87131 proceedings the proceedings of the conference will be published in the summer of 1999 . inquiries : for more information , visit the conference web site at < http : / / www . unm . edu / ~ hdls / hdls - 2 / , available soon . e-mail inquiries : hdls @ unm . edu
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2223,"Subject: shenandoah language and linguistics society
 
 the shenandoah language and linguistics society symposium is issuing a call for papers for their upcoming symposium to be held at the southern virginia college campus in buena vista , virginia . the conference will be held on march 25-26 , 1999 . topics the conference welcomes papers treating a variety of topics in language and linguistics . this includes not only papers treating topics within linguistic disciplines such as phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics , pragmatics , sociolinguistics , historical linguistics , and applied linguistics , but also interdisciplinary presentations that involve language analysis . speakers the keynote speaker is professor william eggington , professor of english language and linguistics at brigham young university . professor eggington specializes in language - in - education policy and general language planning . his most recent book is entitled the sociopolitics of english language teaching . his keynote address is entitled "" linguistic predictors of academic achievement . "" the featured speaker will be professor terry blodgett , professor of german at southern utah university . he is currently preparing a four-volume book entitled israel : the migrations . professor blodgett will be speaking on "" the four sound shifts which reveal israel 's four migrations . "" submissions mail your abstracts ( see accompanying submission form ) to professor dallin d . oaks , department of arts and humanities , southern virginia college . buena vista , virginia 24416 . submissions may be faxed to ( 540 ) 261-8451 . please do not send any submissions by electronic mail . the deadline for receiving abstracts will be january 25 , 1999 . for further information contact professor dallin d . oaks at ( 540 ) 261-4117 . or e-mail him at doaks @ southernvirginia . edu submission form 1 ) name ( as you wish to appear in the program ) : 2 ) university or institutional affiliation : 3 ) title of presentation : 4 ) address at which you can be reached ( please include phone numbers as well as an e-mail address if you have one ) : 5 ) please indicate with a check mark the general area of language analysis or linguistics that most closely corresponds to the topic of your presentation : phonetics or phonology _ _ _ _ _ historical linguistics _ _ _ _ _ morphology _ _ _ _ _ psycholinguistics or language acquisition _ _ _ _ _ syntax _ _ _ _ _ language pedagogy _ _ _ _ _ semantics or pragmatics _ _ _ _ _ language and literary analysis _ _ _ _ _ discourse analysis _ _ _ _ _ names and naming _ _ _ _ _ language varieties _ _ _ _ _ language and computers _ _ _ _ _ other ( please specify ) _ _ _ _ _ 6 ) please indicate the length of time you would like for your presentation . priority in selection will go to the standard presentation time of 20 minutes ( with an additional 5 minutes for questions ) . 20 - minute presentation _ _ _ _ _ 40 - minute presentation _ _ _ _ _ 60 - minute presentation _ _ _ _ _ 7 ) attach a 250 word abstract that describes the presentation you would like to make .
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2224,"Subject: portuguese
 
 call for papers : portuguese 1999 american association of teachers of spanish and portuguese annual meeting denver , colorado july 30 - august 3 , 1998 . papers are invited in the following areas : pannel 1 : portuguese linguistics portuguese morphology , syntax , semantics , phonetics and phonology . sociolinguistics and pragmatics of portuguese speaking communities . portuguese in contact . pannel 2 : portuguese language and development teaching techniques , development of portuguese programs , methods and methodologies , assessment , actfl standards applied to portuguese . pannel 3 : portuguese for spanish speakers methodology , pedagogical material , contrastive analysis , or any aspect of the teaching of portuguese for spanish speakers . send abstracts until january 1 , 1999 to : ( hard copies or e-mail ) ana maria carvalho dept . of spanish and portuguese modern language 545 tucson , az 85721-0067 anac @ u . arizona . edu or lyris wiedemann 245 marmona drive menlo park , ca 94025-2953 fax : ( 650 ) 322-7866 lyriswiedemann @ compuserve . com abstracts should not exceed 200 words . papers may be presented in english or portuguese . please specify in which pannel you would like to present .
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2225,"Subject: child language seminar 1999
 
 please post to the list , thank you . child language seminar 1999 first announcement and call for papers 2 - 4 september 1999 the 1999 child language seminar will be hosted by the department of language and communication science , city university , london , uk . proposals are invited for papers of 30 minutes duration and for posters on issues related to language acquisition in children . * keynote speakers : dan slobin and judy kegl * conference location the conference sessions will be held at the main campus with accommodation nearby at rosebery hall . city university is located near islington , within walking distance of central london . * publication of proceedings selected papers will be published in the conference proceedings , to appear before 31 december 2000 . * how to submit abstracts abstracts should be up to 250 words in length ( excluding references ) and may be submitted preferably by e-mail or e-mail attachment , alternatively by mail or fax . submissions should be received by 1 may 1999 . at the top of the abstract please include name ( s ) of author ( s ) , institutional affiliation , full address , e - mail address , telephone and fax numbers , paper or poster , equipment requirements . please leave several lines between this information and the title and body of the abstract so that the header information can be removed for anonymous review . send your abstract to : cls 99 dept . of language and communication science , city university , northampton sq . , london , ec1v 0hb e-mail : cls99 @ city . ac . uk fax : ( + 44 ) ( 0 ) 171 477 8577 minicom / tty : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 477 8314 * for questions or more information on the conference please check our conference website : http : / / www . city . ac . uk / ccs / cls99 . htm or contact : gary morgan : 44 ( 0 ) 171 419 3162 shula chiat : 44 ( 0 ) 171 477 8297 - - - - - - gary morgan dept of linguistics , ucl , london tel : 0171 4193162 ( voice / text ) fax : 0171 3834198
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2226,"Subject: the written poem : semiotic conventions from old to modern english
 
 huisman , rosemary ( university of sydney ) ; the written poem : semiotic conventions from old to modern english ; available from cassell ; hb . : 0 304 33999 7 ; us $ 75 . 00 / 45 . 00 this book defines a focus of interest : contemporary poetry and its historical construction as a 's een object ' , and uses current literary and social theory to facilitate its study . thus the book contains matter of relevance to practising poets , to those engaged in literary studies and to those with a sociolinguistic interest in the english language , especially in relation to technical and social changes in language technology and literacy . part one discusses the use of graphic , that is visual , conventions in contemporary poetry in english . how do we recognize ' a poem ' ( including apparent contraventions , such as the ' prose-poem ' ) ? once a poem has been recognized , what are the interpretative conventions brought into play for reading it ? and especially , how has the spatial arrangement on the page become ' meaningful ' in its own right for much contemporary poetry ? the last question , of the semiosis of the 's een poem ' , is discussed at length , with numerous examples from individual poems . for a consistent descriptive vocabulary for 'd iscourse ' and ' genre ' , a model of language and social context , derived from the work of the linguist m . a . k . halliday and the sociologist basil bernstein , where relevant , is explained and used . part two explores questions which have been brought to the fore in part one . what is the origin of the line as the primary generic sign of poetry ? how does the potential for seen , rather than spoken , meaning emerge ? it particularly focuses on changes in manuscript conventions from old to middle english poetry , on the comparitvely late significance of print for poetic discourse , on the change , in an increasingly literate understanding of ' literature ' , from a social to a personal understanding of poetic meaning from the late eighteenth century through the nineteenth century . if what has been regarded as an object , ' the poem ' , is an outcome of the social processes of textual interpretation and production , so too is what has been regarded as ' the subject ' , that through which meaning is authorized . available for review . email : sales @ cassellexport . demon . co . uk
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2227,"Subject: the lexicogrammar of adjectives : a systemic functional approach to lexis
 
 tucker , gordon h ( cardiff university ) ; the lexicogrammar of adjectives : a systemic functional approach to lexis ; published by cassell ; hb . : 0 304 33903 2 ; us $ 75 . 00 / 50 . 00 adjectives are the third most important class of words ( after verbs and nouns ) , yet this is the first book-length study in english of this central grammatical category . in it english adjectives are described within a framework which unifies semantics and syntax ; this has important implications for the modelling of lexis in general . it has long been a principle of systemic functional linguistics - the theory in which the description is set - that lexis should be treated , in halliday 's words , as ' most delicate grammar ' . until now , this challenging concept has never been explored and tested for more than a few small areas of lexis . the research reported here is the first large-scale test of this hypothesis . after a thorough survey of the relevant literature , gordon tucker provides a linguistic description of the meanings and forms of the adjectives themselves , the structures that occur around them , and the funtions that such units perform as elements of other units ( such as the clause and the nominal group ) . the lexicogrammar of adjectives constitutes a major descriptive additon to our knowledge of the value of ' lexis as most delicate grammar ' . it is a major contribution to the theoretical modelling of language in general and of words in particular . its conclusions are important both for systemic functional linguistics and for linguistic theory in general . available for review . email : sales @ cassellexport . demon . co . uk
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2228,"Subject: summary justice : judges address juries
 
 robertshaw , paul ( university of wales ) ; summary justice : judges address juries published by cassell as part of the open lingustics series ; hb . : 0 304 33701 3 ; us $ 75 . 00 / 55 . 00 this is the first study of the practice of judical summing-up to juries and of its 's urvey of the evidence ' as rhetoric , persuasive language , in the crown court in england and wales . the transcripts of these summings-up can vary from a few to hundreds of pages , and are significant in that they break the flow between advocates ' turn-taking , especially their final speeches , and the deliberation of the jury . in addition to its linguistic and rhetorical concerns , the book considers this practice of summing-up as a legal problem - as unrecognized advocacy - and examines alternatives , such as the us states ' , canadian and scottish models . the scottish model is prescribed for consideration by anglo - welsh judges , with its insistence on parsimonious reference to the disputed narrative , only where relevant to the legal issues on which instruction is being given . available for review . email : sales @ cassellexport . demon . co . uk
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2229,"Subject: learning through language in early childhood
 
 painter , clare ( university of new south wales ) ; learning through language in early childhood ; published by cassell as part of the open linguistics series ; hb . : 0 304 70056 8 ; us $ 69 . 95 / 45 . 00 language is a child 's major tool for learning about the world . through the everyday , taken-for - granted interactions of everyday conversation , a child not only learns the mother tongue , but uses it as a resource for thinking and reasoning . this book presents a rich naturalistic case study of one childs use of language in the pre-school years from two-and - a-half to five , drawing on systemic functional theory to argue that cognitive development is essentially a linguistic process and offering a new description and interpretation of linguistic and cognitive developments during this period . the case study examines the child 's changing language in terms of its role in interpreting four key domains of experience - - the world of things , the world of events , the world of semiosis ( including the inner world of cognition ) and the construal of cause and effect . it shows how new linguistic possibilities constitute developments in cognitive resources and prepare the child for later learning in school . available for review . email : sales @ cassellexport . demon . co . uk
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2230,"Subject: 6th intl . symposium on social communication ( cuba )
 
 sixth international symposium on social communication santiago de cuba january 25-28 , 1999 the applied linguistics centre of ministry of science , technology and environment in santiago de cuba , is pleased to announce the sixth international symposium on social communication to be held in santiago de cuba , january 25th - 28th , 1999 . this international event will focus on social communication processes from the points of view of applied linguistics , computational linguistics , cybernetics , medicine , ethnology , folklore and mass media studies . the symposium will be also sponsored by : . . university of oriente , cuba . . higher institute for medical sciences , santiago de cuba . . information for development agency , citma , cuba . . humboldt university , germany . . university of twente , the netherlands . . national council of researchs , italy . . linguists association of cuba papers and posters will be discussed within the following disciplines : 1 . applied linguistics : - spanish and foreign languages teaching , translations , scientific terminology , sociolinguistics , psycholin - guistics , phonetics . 2 . computational linguistics : software related to : - lexicological , lexicographic and grammatical research . - the compilation of automated monolingual , bilingual and fraseological dictionaries . - other uses of computational linguistics . 3 . voice processing : - artificial intelligence applied to voice analysis , synthesis and recognition . - voice - processing equipment . their use in informatics , accoustic analysis and as aid for the hearing and sight impaired . - voice - processing research related to "" cry analysis "" . 4 . medical specialities related to pathological processes which use speech and voice analysis : - presentations on research results showing the effects of the use of words and communication for the treatment of various illnesses . - interdisciplinary treatment of logophoniatric patients with vocal tract disorders . - results of investigations related to diagnoses of central nervous system diseases through the cry analysis method . 5 . mass media : - language in the mass media . 6 . ethnology and folklore : - papers related to ethnology , folklore and other aspects of social communication . international workshops - lexicological and lexicographic research . - computational linguistics : automatic tagging of textual corpora . papers at workshops should be presented in 10 minutes . scientific discussion will take place at the end of the workshop . at the papers there must be pointed out if they are meant for a workshop . round table at the symposium there will be a round table on "" new technologies in the mass media . their social impact . "" summaries a summary under 250 words must be sent before july 1st , 1998 . papers to enable us to deliver the proceedings with the event documentation , accepted papers must be sent before september 1st , 1998 , with the following requirements : 1 . only 6 pages including graphics , notes and bibliography . 2 . edited with word 6 . 0 or word 7 . 0 for windows and sent through e-mail ( attachment ) and 3 1 / 2 "" diskette . 3 . each page must have 55 lines maximun in a a4 ( mail type ) format . instructions for papers presentation 1 . write down the authors ' names , one under the other , at the left top of the first page , all in arial bold capital letters , 10 points size ( word 6 . 0 or 7 . 0 ) . under the authors ' names it should appear the institution , city and country where they belong in bold but only initial capital letters . 2 . in a separate line , at the center , the title of the paper must be written in arial bold , cursive , 11 points size letters . 3 . the text will follow - not in bold - with the same arial letter , 10 points size and leaving a space between lines . 4 . notes will appear at the end of each page in arial 9 points size letters . presentation time will be 15 minutes and 5 minutes for discussion . authors must declare if they need a tape recorder , video set , computer or other kind of equipment . all mail or enquiries should be addressed to : dr . eloina miyares bermudez secretaria ejecutiva comite organizador apartado postal 4067 , vista alegre santiago de cuba 4 , cuba 90400 telephones : ( 53-226 ) 42760 or ( 53-226 ) 41081 fax : ( 53-226 ) 41579 e - mail : leonel @ lingapli . ciges . inf . cu home page : http : / / wwwseti . cs . utwente . nl / parlevink / cuba official languages : spanish and english . inscription fee : speakers and delegates . . . . . . 130 . 00 usd companions . . . . . . 70 . 00 usd payment must be in cash during the registration . accomodation santiago de cuba has 4 and 5 stars hotels at the disposal of the participants who apply for them . the organizing committee will offer a special package with preferential prices . other aspects of interest santiago de cuba , located at some 900 kms from havana , is cuba 's second largest city due to its economic , cultural and social importance . santiago is also the capital of the province with the same name . surrounded by the green mountains of the sierra maestra range and the caribbean sea , santiago is unique in its geography and beautiful landscape . its surroundings make the city one of the most important touristic attractions on the entire island . the organizing committee , in coordination with the city 's tourist agencies will offer visiting delegates a host of options allowing participants to enjoy the city 's beauty and charm . important reminders . . july 1st , 1998 submission of summaries . . july 15th , 1998 information about the approval of the paper . . september 1th , 1998 deadline for paper reception by diskette and e-mail . . january 25th - 28th 1999 sixth international symposium scientific and organizing committee president of honor : dr . rosa elena simeon negrin minister of science , technology and environment , cuba aida almaguer furnaguera - citma ( * ) osvaldo bebelagua c . - information for development agency , citma vitelio ruiz hernandez - applied linguistics centre eloina miyares bermudez - applied linguistics centre marcos cortina v . - university of oriente nayra pujals - higher institute for medical sciences renate siegmund - humboldt university , germany kathleen wermke - humboldt university , germany anton nijholt - university of twente , the netherlands daniela ratti - cnr ( * * ) , italy lucia marconi - cnr , italy claudia rolando - cnr , italy margarita hernandez s . - citma leonel ruiz miyares - applied linguistics centre nancy alamo suarez - applied linguistics centre gisela cardenas molina - linguists association of cuba humberto ocan ~ a dayar - linguists association of cuba ( * ) citma - ministry of science , technology and environment , cuba ( * * ) cnr - national council of researchs , italy sixth international symposium on social communication registration form mr . / ms . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ organization : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ title : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ business address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telefax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ home address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ speaker _ _ _ _ _ participant _ _ _ _ _ _ companions _ _ _ _ _ _ paper title : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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2231,"Subject: sintassi comparata dell ' accordo participiale ramanzo
 
 michele loporcaro sintassi comparata dell ' accordo participiale romanzo rosenberg & sellier , torino , 1998 isbn 88-7011 - 719 - 7 , 272 pages , lit . 65 . 000 address of the publisher : via andrea doria 14 , i-10123 torino grosenb @ tin . it ( credit cards accepted ) this book offers a comprehensive account of romance past participle ( pp ) agreement in verbal periphrastics , a much-debated topic in romance linguistics as well as in theoretical syntax . its main bulk consists of a systematic inventory of agreement systems throughout romance ( chs . 3 - 4 ) , which is unprecedented as to both empirical coverage and level of detail . beside the standard languages , dialects ( especially , but by no means exclusively , italo - romance ones ) are considered thoroughly , based in part on first-hand data . one of the basic points of this work is that no sensible account of pp agreement can be arrived at without in-depth consideration of dialect variation . more than sixty different systems are taken into account : for virtually all of them the discussion is not limited to selected syntactic constructions , but rather encompasses the whole set of verbal periphrastics ( both perfective and passive ) consisting of auxiliary + pp . among the agreement systems analyzed here several have not been previously described . the presentation of romance syntactic variation in chapters 3 and 4 is preceded by two introductory chapters and followed by three more theoretically oriented ones . ch . 1 deals with traditional accounts of pp agreement in romance linguistics and shows why a fresh look at the phenomena at issue is needed . ch . 2 introduces the aims and method of the present monograph , which is cast in the framework of relational grammar . after the assessment of dialect variation in pp agreement ( chs . 3 - 4 ) , ch . 5 shows that the analysis developed to account for it naturally projects onto diachrony . the steps through which pp agreement has evolved over time from latin to romance are shown to closely match the parametric options evidenced by synchronic geographic variation . ch . 6 compares the achievements of the present study with competing approaches to pp agreement developed within the principles and parameters approach ( or earlier versions of generative grammar ) . one of the main results of this comparison is the recognition of the fact that proposals put forward by generative grammarians - in spite of seeming differences , due to the theoretical machinery used - are very much in keeping with the descriptive tradition discussed ( and criticized ) in ch . 1 . ch . 6 also contains a discussion of pp agreement in the acquisition of italian as a first language . this domain of empirical data can be naturally unified with dialectal and diachronic variation under the approach developed here . ch . 7 finally synthesizes the results and elaborates on the internal articulation of the parametric conditions involved in pp agreement throughout romance varieties . the concluding table ( 29 ) displays in half a page all the syntactically relevant information that is both necessary and sufficient to exhaustively characterize pp agreement through space and time across romance . finally , a list of keywords for this book would have to include a number of related issues that must be dealt with in connection with pp agreement and which are in fact repeatedly touched upon in the seven chapters . among these , auxiliary selection and the contrast between agreement of pps and of adjectival predicates figure most prominently . other topics discussed range from the syntactic nature of clitics to the representation of reflexives , impersonal constructions , and existentials , to mention just a few . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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2232,"Subject: basic course in neurolinguistics
 
 first circular december 1998 the department of linguistics at the university of oslo and the nordic neurolinguistic network are pleased to announce that a nordic research course , sponsored by the nordic academy for advanced study ( norfa ) : basic course in neurolinguistics will be held at sanner hotell , granavollen 3 - 5 , 2750 gran , norway , june 11-15 , 1999 . the course will consist of three components : ( i ) survey lectures by dr . susan edwards ( department of linguistic science , university of reading ) , dr . heidi hamilton ( department of linguistics , georgetown university ) , dr . matti laine ( department of psychology , turku university ) , professor bruce murdoch ( department of speech pathology and audiology , university of brisbane ) ; ( ii ) seminars with individual presentations by the students and post-paper discussions ; ( iii ) discussion sessions towards the end of a topic area , focusing on the methodological and theoretical issues shared by the papers presented . criteria for student selection in addition to those defined by norfa ( with regard to country of origin , etc . ) are : ( a ) the participants should have a strong background in one or several of the following disciplines or related areas : linguistics , psychology , neurology , cognitive science , phonetics , logopaedics and / or special education . ( b ) the topic of the course ( neurolinguistics ) should occupy a significant position in the phd or post-doctorate studies or study plans of the participants . the number of student participants will be restricted to 20 . pre - course requirements in addition to the general norfa requirements : ( a ) the applicants should send , together with their application , a 3 - 5 page long abstract of their work ( planned or ongoing ) in the topic area of the course . ( b ) a list of required pre-reading material will be sent to the participants in advance of the course . norfa will cover the cost of tuition , board and lodging during the course , and travel expences ( cheapest mode of travel ) for students from the nordic countries . for further details contact the responsible organiser . application procedure : send a free-form application to inger moen ( below ) by march 1 , 1999 . please enclose a brief cv and a 3 - 5 page long abstract of your work ( planned or ongoing ) in the topic area of the course . those accepted will be notified by april 1 . responsible organiser : professor inger moen , department of linguistics , university of oslo , p . o . box 1102 , blindern , n-0317 oslo , norway , phone + 47 22 85 42 64 , fax + 47 22 85 69 19 , e - mail inger . moen @ ilf . uio . no . web site : http : / / www . hf . uio . no / ilf / neurolingcourse99
",0
2233,"Subject: acl ' 99 association for computational linguistics / workshop proposals
 
 acl ' 99 association for computational linguistics * * * * * call for workshop proposals * * * * * the call for worskhops is at http : / / www . issco . unige . ch / staff / susan / acl / susan armstrong | e - mail : susan . armstrong @ issco . unige . ch issco , university of geneva | www : http : / / issco-www . unige . ch / 54 route des acacias | tel : + 41 / 22 / 705 71 13 ch-1227 geneva ( switzerland ) | fax : + 41 / 22 / 300 10 86
",0
2234,"Subject: linguistics 36 : 4 ( 1998 )
 
 linguistics volume 36 - 4 ( 1998 ) special issue developing a verb category . cross - linguistic perspectives edited by elena v . m . lieven mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york elena v . m . lieven . . . . . . . . introduction shanley allen . . . . . . . . . . . . categories within the verb category : learning the causative in inuktitut heike behrens . . . . . . . . . . . . how difficult are complex verbs ? evidence from german , dutch , and english penelope brown . . . . . . . . . . . children 's first verbs in tzeltal : evidence for an early verb category soonja choi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . verbs in early lexical and syntactic development in korean katherine demuth . . . . . . . . . argument structure and the acquisition of sesotho applicatives elena v . m . lieven , julian m . pine , caroline f . rowland . . . . . . comparing different models of the development of the english verb category michael maratsos . . . . . . . . . commentary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
",0
2235,"Subject: the linguistic review 15 : 4 ( 1998 )
 
 the linguistic review volume 15 : 4 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york david basilico . . . . . . . . . . . . wh - movement in iraqi arabic and slave yuji hatakeyama . . . . . . . . . . . topic - and focus-topicalizations marjon helmantel . . . . . . . . . . simplex adpositions and vector theory william x . f . yu . . . . . . . . . . . theta role assignment , internal structures of reflexives and reflexive binding index to volume 15 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
",0
2236,"Subject: new and recent titles in syntax and morphology from oxford up
 
 the acquisition of second-language syntax susan braidi , west virginia university the issue of syntactic development is one of the most central to both linguistics and applied linguistics . assuming no detailed background knowledge of linguistics , this book is an introduction to the acquisition of syntax in a second language . the text builds a coherent picture of second language grammatical development by showing the interactions between the syntactic , processing , and functional / discourse approaches , and looks at how and why these different approaches give different results . ( an arnold publication ) december 1998 232 pp . ; 3 linecuts 0-340 - 64591 - 1 paper $ 19 . 95 0-340 - 64592 - x cloth $ 80 . 00 oxford university press understanding syntax maggie tallerman , university of durham ( understanding language ) this text provides a complete introduction to the syntax of human languages . assuming no prior knowledge of linguistics , the book discusses and illustrates all of the major terms and concepts essential to the study of sentence structure . while drawing initial illustrations primarily from english , the book presents extensive additional material from several dozen other languages . written in an accessible style with many examples and interactive exercises , this book is the perfect choice for anyone approaching this subject for the first time . ( an arnold publication ) december 1998 240 pp . 0-340 - 60377 - 1 paper $ 19 . 95 0-340 - 70000 - 9 cloth $ 60 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
",0
2237,"Subject: semantics , pragmatics , & philosophy of languages from oxford up
 
 a theory of linguistic signs rudi keller , heinrich heine university , dusseldorf translated by kimberley duenwald signs shape our lives : we are surrounded by signs , we surround ourselves with signs , and usually we are completely unaware of it . rudi keller shows how signs emerge , function , and develop in the permanent process of language change . he recombines thoughts and ideas from plato to the present day to create a new theory of the meaning and evolution of icons and symbols . by assuming no prior knowledge and by developing his argument from first principles , he has written a basic text which includes all the necessary features : easy style , good organization , original scholarship , and historical depth . this is a non-technical book which will interest linguists , philosophers , students of communications and cultural studies , semioticians / semanticists , sociologists , and anthropologists . december 1998 272 pp . ; 10 linecuts 0-19 - 823795 - 2 paper $ 19 . 95 0-19 - 823733 - 2 cloth $ 82 . 00 oxford university press understanding pragmatics jef verschueren , university of antwerp , belgium ( understanding language ) ( an arnold publication ) what do people do when using language ? how exactly is meaning generated when we communicate ? and why do we say one thing when we usually mean another ? examining the mental and social processes involved in communicating through language , understanding pragmatics is a comprehensive introduction to the subject . the book provides an outline of the thereotical basis of pragmatics , examines its major theoretical perspectives and explores its methodological issues . december 1998 288 pp . ; 7 halftones , 10 linecuts 0-340 - 64623 - 3 paper $ 19 . 95 0-340 - 64624 - 1 cloth $ 70 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
",0
2238,"Subject: general linguistics from oxford university press
 
 language through the looking glass : exploring language and linguistics marina yaguello , university of paris vii translated by trevor a . le v . harris what can wordplay - - as understood in the broadest sense - - teach us about language , its functions , characteristics , structure , and workings ? using lewis carroll 's alice as a starting point , yanguello takes the reader on a vivid and unconventional voyage into the world ( s ) of language , charting the major themes of linguistics along the way . this is an entertaining and original introduction to the nature of language that will appeal to students and teachers alike . december 1998 184 pp . ; 8 halftones 0-19 - 870005 - 9 paper $ 16 . 95 0-19 - 870006 - 7 cloth $ 49 . 95 oxford university press language wars and linguistic politics louis - jean calvet , sorbonne , paris translated by michel petheram non - linguistic conflicts - - economic , religious , territorial - - are often projected on to language differences , and may be played out in the language policies of governments and other holders of power . jean - louis calvet deals broadly , in a non-technical and introductory style , with this interaction of language issues and political process . he examines the fundamental problems arising from language contact , multilingualism , and the conflicts caused by inequalities symbolized in various patterns of language use . december 1998 232 pp . ; 2 linecuts 0-19 - 870021 - 0 paper $ 29 . 95 0-19 - 823598 - 4 cloth $ 90 . 00 oxford university press the politics of indians ' english : linguistic colonialism and the expanding english empire n . krishnaswamy and archana s . burde in this fascinating and lively study , krishnaswamy and burde examine how the english used by indians has changed - - and is still changing - - over the last two centuries , evolving into the complex and highly diverse forms which it takes today . december 1998 176 pp . 0-19 - 564368 - 2 $ 22 . 50 oxford university press phraseology : theory , analysis , and applications edited by a . p . cowie , university of leeds ( oxford studies in lexicography and lexicology ) over the last twenty years , phraseology has become a major field of pure and applied research in western european and north american linguistics . this book is made up of authoritative contributions from leading specialists who examine the increasingly crucial role played by ready-made word-combinations in language acquisition and adult language use . this book is the first comprehensive and up-to - date account of the subject to be published in english . december 1998 272 pp . ; 8 b / w line figs . 0-19 - 829425 - 5 $ 82 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
",0
2239,"Subject: phonetics & phonology from oxford university press
 
 introducing phonetics and phonology mike davenport and s . j . hannahs , both at university of durham this book provides a basic introduction to the fundamental concepts on phonetics and phonology , the foundation of most courses in linguistics . the reader is introduced first to articulatory and acoustic phonetics , and then follows a smooth progression in sections on phonology . the book highlights throughout the links between the two subjects and each chapter ends with a set of exercises and suggestions for further reading . the primary source of data is from both general american and received pronunciation . ( an arnold publication ) december 1998 208 pp . ; 38 linecuts 0-340 - 66217 - 4 paper $ 19 . 95 0-340 - 66218 - 2 cloth $ 70 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
",0
2240,"Subject: socio & anthropological linguistics from oxford up
 
 power sharing : language , rank , gender and social space in pohnpei , micronesia elizabeth keating , university of texas ( oxford studies in anthropological linguistics 23 ) what allows certain individuals and groups to maintain control over the actions and lives of others ? linguistic anthropologist elizabeth keating went to the island of pohnpei , in micronesia , and studied how people use language and other semiotic codes to reproduce and manipulate status differences . the result is this inside view of how language works to create power and social inequality . this book challenges widely held theories on the nature of social stratification , including women 's roles in creating hierarchy . december 1998 224 pp . ; 14 halftones , 4 linecuts 0-19 - 511197 - 4 $ 75 . 00 oxford university press eloquence in trouble : the poetics and politics of complaint in rural bangladesh james m . wilce , northern arizona university ( oxford studies in anthropological linguistics 21 ) eloquence in trouble captures the articulation of several troubled lives in bangladesh as well as the threats to the very genres of their expression , lament in particular . the first ethnography of one of the most spoken mother tongues on earth , bangla , this study represents a new approach to troubles talk , combining the rigor of discourse analysis with the interpretive depth of psychological anthropology . its careful transcriptions of bangladeshi troubles talk will disturb some readers and move others - - beyond past academic discussion of personhood in south asia . december 1998 320 pp . ; 7 halftones , 8 linecuts 0-19 - 510687 - 3 $ 65 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
",0
2241,"Subject: available for review
 
 the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . turkish grammar : kornfilt , jaklin ( 1997 ) turkish , descriptive grammars series . bernard comrie ( ed ) . routledge : london . based on comrie 's grammar questionnaire ( 77 ) , this is a comprehensive grammar of turkish with emphasis on syntax , morphology and phonology . an erratum sheet for this grammar is available directly from the author at kornfilt @ mailbox . syr . edu sociolinguistics / history of linguistics : paulston , christina & g . richard tucker ( eds ) ( 1997 ) the early days of sociolinguistics : meomires and reflections . summer institute of linguistics . austin . a compendium of 36 aritcles by participants in teh development of the field of sociolinguistics . the volume provides an insider 's perspective on the , issues both practical and theoretical which motivated individuals and institutions to turn to a view of langauge as inextricably connected to society and culture .
",0
2242,"Subject: pacling 99 : first call for papers
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - this call for paper is also available at http : / / www . lpaig . uwaterloo . ca / ~ b2hui / pacling / additional information and updates will be posted to the website as they become available . ( please direct your questions to bowen hui at b2hui @ uwaterloo . ca . ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - pacling pacific association for computational linguistics university of waterloo waterloo , ontario , canada n2l 3g1 august 25-28 , 1999 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cooperative hosts = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = o canadian society for computational studies of intelligence ( cscsi ) / societe canadienne pour l ' etude de l ' intelligence par ordinateur ( sceio ) o university of waterloo , canada o the technical group on natural language understanding and communication of institute of electronics , information , and communication engineers of japan o the technical group on thought and language of institute of electronics , information , and communication engineers of japan history and aims = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = pacling ( pacific association for computational linguistics ) has grown out of the very successful japan - australia joint symposia on natural language processing held in november 1989 in melbourne , australia and in october in iizuka , japan in 1991 . the first three meetings of the retitled pacling , a name designed to express the wider membership , took place in vancouver , canada in 1993 , in brisbane , australia in 1995 , and in ohme , tokyo , japan in 1997 . pacling ' 99 will be a low-profile , high-quality , workshop-oriented meeting whose aim is to promote friendly scientific relations among pacific rim countries , with emphasis on interdisciplinary scientific exchange demonstrating openness towards good research falling outside current dominant ` ` schools of thought ' ' , and on technological transfer within the pacific region . the conference represents a unique forum for scientific and technological exchange , being smaller than acl , coling , or applied nlp , and also more regional with extensive representation from the pacific . topics = = = = = = original papers are invited on any topic in computational linguistics ( and closely related areas ) including , but not limited to , the following : o phonology , phonetics , morphology , syntax , semantics , pragmatics o dialogues , spoken languages , corpora o text and message understanding and generation o language translation and translation aids o language learning and learning aids o question-answering systems and interfaces to ( multimedia ) o databases , language and input / output devices o natural-language - based software . submissions = = = = = = = = = = = authors should prepare extended abstracts , in english , not more than 3000 words including references . the title page must include : author 's name , postal address , e-mail address ( if possible ) , telephone and facsimile numbers ; a brief 100-200 word summary ; and some key words for classifying the submission . papers that are being submitted to other conferences , whether verbatim or in essence , must reflect this fact after key words . if a paper appears at another conference , it must be withdrawn from pacling ' 99 . papers that violate these requirements are subject to rejection without review . authors of a selection of representative papers which the program committee identifies will be invited to revise their papers and submit to a special issue of computational intelligence : an international journal based on pacling ' 99 . please send four copies of each submission to : nick cercone department of computer science william davis comp . research centre university of waterloo waterloo , ontario n2l 3g1 canada telephone : ( 519 ) 888-4567 ext . 3292 facsimile : ( 519 ) 885-1208 e - mail : ncercone @ uwaterloo . ca * or * kiyoshi kogure ntt communication science laboratories 2 - 4 , hikari - dai , seika - cho , soraku - gun , kyoto 619-023 japan telephone : + 81 744 93 5250 fascimile : + 81 744 93 5285 e - mail : kogure @ cslab . kecl . ntt . co . jp important dates = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = submission deadline : february 21 , 1999 notification of acceptance : may 1 , 1999 camera - ready copy due : june 18 , 1999 organizing committee = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = president : naoyuki okada ( kyushu institute of technology , japan ) members : naoyuki okada ( kyushu institute of technology , japan ) christian matthiessen ( macquarie university , australia ) nick cercone ( university of waterloo , canada ) charles fillmore ( university of california , berkeley , usa ) conference committee = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = chair : nick cercone ( university of waterloo , canada ) program coordinators : nick cercone ( university of waterloo , canada ) kiyoshi kogure ( ntt , japan ) members : francis bond ( ntt , japan ) sandra carberry ( university of delaware , u . s . a . ) robin cohen ( university of waterloo , canada ) veronica dahl ( simon fraser university , canada ) robert dale ( macquarie university , australia ) hercules dalianis ( royal inst . of technology , dsv-kth , sweden ) chrysanne dimarco ( university of waterloo , canada ) mike dent ( open text corp . , canada ) kohji dohsaka ( ntt , japan ) randy goebel ( university of alberta , canada ) graeme hirst ( university of toronto , canada ) satoru ikehara ( tottori university , japan ) kentaro inui ( kyushu institute of technology , japan ) shun ishizaki ( keio university , japan ) pierre isabelle ( university of montreal , canada ; xrce , france ) julia johnson ( university of regina , canada ) richard kittredge ( university of montreal , canada ) guy lapalme ( university of montreal , canada ) dekang lin ( university of manitoba , canada ) charles ling ( university of western ontario , canada ) stan matwin ( university of ottawa , canada ) robert mercer ( university of western ontario , canada ) johanna moore ( university of edinburgh , uk ) gordon mccalla ( univ . of saskatchewan , canada ) paul mcfetridge ( simon fraser university , canada ) paul mc kevitt ( aalborg university , denmark ) jun - ichi nakamura ( university of kyoto , japan ) minako o'hagan ( victoria univ . of wellington , new zealand ) kyonghee paik ( keio university , japan ) t . pattabhiraman ( seagate software , canada ) emmanuel planas ( universiti joseph fourier de grenoble , france ) fred popowich ( simon fraser university , canada ) gary promhouse ( open text corp . , canada ) hiroshi sakaki ( meisei university , japan ) l . k . schubert ( university of rochester , usa ) akira shimazu ( ntt , japan ) booncharoen sirinaovakul ( king mongkut 's university of technology , thailand ) tomek strzalkowski ( general electric , usa ) ryoichi sugimura ( matsushita , japan ) roland sussex ( university of queensland , australia ) masami suzuki ( kdd , japan ) yoichi tomiura ( kyushu university , japan ) hiroaki tsurumaru ( university of nagasaki , japan ) peter van beek ( university of alberta , canada ) ning zhong ( yamaguchi university , japan ) ingrid zukerman ( monash university , australia ) speakers : to be announced
",0
2243,"Subject: hispanic & luso - brazilian literatures / romance ling .
 
 call for papers the department of spanish and portuguese of the university of texas at austin 9th colloquium on hispanic and luso - brazilian literatures and romance linguistics april 3 , 1999 the graduate student organization of the spanish and portuguese department of the university of texas - austin is pleased to announce its 9th colloquium to be held april 3rd , 1999 . we encourage the submission of abstracts on any aspect of hispanic and luso - brazilian literatures and romance linguistics . speakers will be allowed 20 minutes for presentation . papers will be selected based on the blind evaluation of a written abstract which may not exceed one page . please submit to the address below : one copy of the single-spaced abstract not to exceed 400 words , please include the title ; and , a second page with the following information . 1 ) the title of the paper 2 ) author 's name 3 ) author 's affiliations 4 ) address , phone number , and email address at which the author wishes to be notified . deadline for receipt of abstracts is february 1 , 1999 . the completed paper , as it will be presented , must be submitted before march 20 , 1999 ( please include word count on the last page ) . registration fees will be $ 20 for non-students and $ 10 for students . sorry , no electronic submissions and please limit one abstract per person . please submit abstracts to : delia mendez montesinos 9th colloquium organizing committee department of spanish and portuguese university of texas at austin austin , tx 78712 email inquiries : t . isabelli @ mail . utexas . edu < < christina isabelli >
",0
2244,"Subject: chicago linguistic society
 
 announcing the 35th regional meeting of the chicago linguistic society april 22-24 , 1999 university of chicago main session : we invite original , unpublished work on any topic of general linguistic interest . invited speakers : beth levin ( northwestern university ) paul smolensky ( johns hopkins university ) panels : we invite original , unpublished work which addresses one of the panel topics below . language , identity , and the other thursday , april 22 language serves as a means to unite as well as to exclude groups or individuals . this panel will explore the linguistic mechanisms by which this is accomplished in different speech communities . invited speakers : robert greenberg ( university of north carolina , chapel hill ) michael silverstein ( university of chicago ) in conjunction with the university of chicago workshop on theory and data in speech research : chiphon 99 new syntheses : multi - disciplinary approaches to basic units of speech friday , april 23 this panel seeks to synthesize findings from linguistics and other fields which investigate linguistic behavior , to determine whether these can be used as evidence for a unified theory of basic units of speech processing . invited speakers : john ohala ( university of california , berkeley ) joseph perkell ( massachusetts institute of technology ) theory and linguistic diversity saturday , april 24 approximately five thousand languages are spoken throughout the world today . this panel seeks to explore the ways in which linguistic theories attempt to account for such variety . invited speakers : mark baker ( rutgers university ) joan bresnan ( stanford university ) r . m . w . dixon ( australian national university ) please submit ten copies of a one-page 500 word anonymous abstract for a twenty minute paper ( optionally one additional page for data and / or references may be appended ) , along with a 3 by 5 card with : 1 your name 2 affiliation 3 address , phone number , and e-mail address 4 title of the paper 5 an indication for which panel or which particular subdivision of the main session ( eg : phonetics , phonology , syntax , semantics , historical linguistics , etc . ) the paper is intended . the abstract should be as specific as possible and it should clearly indicate the data covered , outline the arguments presented , and include any broader implications of the work . an individual may present at most one single and one co-authored paper . authors must submit a camera-ready copy of the paper at the time of the conference in order to be considered for publication . only a selection of papers presented at cls 35 will be published . this years deadline for receipt of abstracts is february 1 , 1999 . send abstracts to : chicago linguistic society 1010 east 59th st . chicago , il 60637 773 . 702 . 8529 information on e-mail submission and additional guidelines for abstracts may be obtained by visiting our website at http : / / humanities . uchicago . edu / humanities / cls / cls . html , by writing to the above address , or by e-mailing us at cls @ diderot . uchicago . edu .
",0
2245,"Subject: interactions in virtual worlds
 
 workshop interactions in virtual worlds may 19-21 , 1999 parlevink research group university of twente / ctit enschede the netherlands introduction the parlevink research group of the centre of telematics and information technology ( ctit ) is pleased to announce a 3 - day workshop on interactions in virtual reality ( vr ) environments . anyone dealing with theoretical , empirical , computational , experimental , sociological and anthropological aspects of vr environments that are either purely artificial or use real world characteristics is invited to participate in this workshop . in this workshop the emphasis is on vr environments that provide means for interacting with the objects in the environment , with embedded information sources and services ( possibly represented as agents ) or with other users and visitors of the environment . motivation in recent years we have seen that the computer science and the cognitive ergonomics communities have discovered and are exploring the possibilities of vr in user interfaces . in order to visualize available information and to provide users access to this information , virtual environments have been built such that users can find and explore information , communicate with other users and can communicate with objects and agents in the virtual worlds . this workshop emphasizes the role of vr in interfaces and in environments in which people share knowledge and experience and in which new forms of interactivity will emerge . in particular we want to explore the role of speech and language in virtual environments . how can we navigate in vr using speech and language , how can we model multimodal access to such environments , how can we communicate with other humans and with artificial agents in the vr environment , etc . the workshop is organized in the context of the u - wish project of the dutch telematics institute . format the format of the workshop will consist of keynote presentations by experts in the fields of vr , dialogue modelling and speech and language processing , combined with presentations of accepted papers . all presentations will be plenary . submission procedure researchers working in this domain are invited to email a 400 - words abstract ( plain ascii format ) , together with title , affiliation and keywords to twlt15 @ cs . utwente . nl . invited and accepted papers will be published in the workshop proceedings . invited lectures niels ole bernsen ( odense university . odense , denmark : coordinator of i3net , the european network for intelligent information interfaces . i3 was created in 1997 in order to take a human-centred approach to the exploration of new , visionary interactive systems for people in their everyday activities . lili cheng ( microsoft research , seattle , wa . , usa ) : lead program manager in the microsoft research 's virtual worlds group , working on the virtual worlds platform . at nyu , cheng designed graphics and created the human interface for one of the first participatory , real time rendered 3d environments which was broadcast tri-weekly from nyu . lili is a registered architect and designed commercial architecture in both tokyo and los angeles . james n . davidson ( cedes , seattle , wa . , usa ) : project manager of the community and environmental design simulation lab , ( cedes ) , jointly sponsored by the college of architecture and urban planning and the human interface technology lab of the university of washington . the mandate for this lab is to research and teach the use of real-time simulations and vr for urban , architectural and landscape design , and the creation of virtual spaces and environments . james c . lester ( north carolina state university , raleigh , usa ) : the primary objective of lester 's research is to design , construct , and empirically evaluate computational mechanisms to support hci in educational and scientific software . his interests focus on developing advanced animated and natural language explanation systems that facilitate learning and scientific analysis . stephen n . matsuba ( vrml dream company , toronto , canada : matsuba has authored a series of vr spaces for cyberstage live : an on-line journal dealing with the arts and technology . his interests are focussed on multimedia and vr applications . he and others developed a vrml - based theatre adaptation of shakespeare 's a midsummer night 's dream . pierre nugues ( ismra - caen , france ) research of pierre nugues is focused on natural language processing for spoken dialogue and user interfaces . this includes design & implementation of conversational agents within a multimodal framework . program committee program chairman : anton nijholt ( ctit , enschede ) niels ole bernsen , james n . davidson , james c . lester , stephen n . matsuba , pierre nugues & oliviero stock organizing committee local chairman : betsy van dijk olaf donk , boris van schooten & hendri hondorp venue the workshop on "" interactions in virtual worlds "" will take place in the computer science building at the campus of the university of twente , enschede , the netherlands . hotel accommodation is available at the campus and in two nearby cities . important dates march 1 : deadline for submitted abstracts march 15 : notification of acceptance , instruction for authors , information on accommodation april 15 : dead - line for camera-ready papers may 19-21 : workshop further information for further information , please contact olaf donk ( donk @ cs . utwente . nl ) . updated information will also be available at http : / / wwwseti . cs . utwente . nl / parlevink / conferences / twlt15 . html
",0
2246,"Subject: les temps du passe francais et leur enseignement
 
 atelier international les temps du passe francais et leur enseignement 24 et 25 mars 1999 aston university ( birmingham , angleterre ) les formes du passe constituent un ecueil pour l ' apprentissage du francais langue etrangere ; meme les apprenants des niveaux les plus eleves echouent a matriser leur emploi . si le manque d ' equivalence forme a forme entre les temps des langues constitue une difficulte evidente , la complexite semantique et distributionnelle des tiroirs francais ne doit pas etre negligee . grammairiens et linguistes se sont efforces de fournir des descriptions des tiroirs du passe mais leur travail , comme celui des didacticiens , s ' est revele inegal . cet atelier international a pour but de faire le point sur les problemes d ' analyse que posent les temps du passe en francais . l ' atelier invitera a la reflexion critique sur les descriptions existantes des temps et leur enseignement . seront envisagees la structuration du systeme et la constitution des tiroirs du point de vue synchronique , evolutif ou contrastif , a partir de corpus de differentes varietes de francais . on considerera en parallele l ' enseignement de ces notions a des apprenants du francais langue etrangere et maternelle dans les diverscontextes de l ' acquisition : en classe , par voie electronique , aux etapes de production ou de revision , par exemple . un certain nombre de specialistes internationaux ont deja confirme leur participation a la suite d ' un premier appel de communication , et le resume de leur contribution est accessible a l ' adresse internet suivante : http : / / www . les . aston . ac . uk / aticonf . html les chercheurs interesses a contribuer a l ' atelier doivent envoyer une proposition de communication consistant en un resume anonyme de 250 mots et en une fiche indiquant le titre de la presentation , le nom de l ' auteur , son affiliation et ses coordonnees ( adresse , telephone , telecopieur , courriel ) . elles devront parvenir avant le 1er fevrier 1999 a : emmanuelle labeau et pierre larrivee school of languages and european studies aston university aston triangle birmingham b4 7et royaume uni telecopie : ( 0 ) 121 359 3653 e . labeau @ aston . ac . uk p . larrivee @ aston . ac . uk veuillez de plus noter que nous suggererons aux contributeurs retenus de remettre une version ecrite de leur contribution avant l ' atelier pour circulation entre ses participants au debut du mois de mars 1999 . a ce titre , les propositions de communication par affichage seront considerees . les contributions a l ' atelier seront reunies pour publication .
",0
2247,"Subject: call for participation rochebrune 1999
 
 call for participation rochebrune 1999 journees de rochebrune : rencontres interdisciplinaires sur les systemes complexes naturels et artificiels 1er au 5 fevrier 1999 appel participation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - theme des journees 1999 toutes indications disponibles : http : / / www . idiap . ch / ~ glotin / rb99 conflits des interpretations et interpretation des conflits programme provisoire des journees - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lundi 1 fevrier : psychologie : l . - l . salvador le schme comme instance du sens m . soeur quelques modalits d ' approche du concept d ' interprtation en psychanalyse c . parisse l ' volution cognitive par la rsolution de conflits ou le conflit , moteur de la cognition f . de gaulejac conflits des interprtations cognitives du comportement autistique mardi 2 fvrier : langage et textes : f . kaplan la simulation pour alimenter et rorganiser le dbat sur l ' origine du langage humain p . beust & al . une amorce de comptence interprtative pour une machine s . ploux proposition d ' un cadre unifi pour l ' tude de la morphognse de la structure prosodique et gestuelle des langues c . karakash la bible , miroir et source de conflits hermneutiques mercredi 3 fvrier : logique et philo des sciences d . luzeaux l ' interprtation comme construction conflictuelle du sens en logique mathmatique r . nunez le concept de continuit en mathmatiques : conflits et sciences cognitives contemporaines j . sallantin le cube d ' aristote : un cadre pour construire et rviser une interprtation j . - l . dessalles l ' activit scientifique en tant que comportement naturel ancr sur le conflit cognitif jeudi 4 fvrier : domaines techniques / appliqus j . - p . mller un modle interactioniste de l ' interprtation j . blanc talon l ' interprtation comme une suite de transformations partielles approximatives j . - m . fouet interprtation et conflits : exemple du dbogage c . weber interprtation d ' images satellitales et acquisition de connaissances vendredi 5 fvrier : sociologie r . israel travail coopratif et conflits d ' interprtation f . rousseaux du caractre toujours-dj stratgique du conflit r . f . cozien & al . simulations multi-agents et logique floue pour la dtection des conflits internationaux n . ferrand & al . aide la gestion des conflits en amnagement du territoire modalits d ' inscription - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - le cot de la participation aux journes s ' lve : en cas de paiement avant le 30 novembre 1998 : 2900 frs par chque personnel 3200 frs par bon de commande institutionnel en cas de paiement aprs le 30 novembre 1998 : 3100 frs par chque personnel 3800 frs par bon de commande institutionnel cette somme couvre l ' inscription aux journes , les actes , le logement et les repas au chalet de haute-montagne de rochebrune ( megve ) , ainsi que diverses activits . pour toutes les personnes dsirant participer , un bon de commande ou un chque pour la totalit de la somme doit parvenir l ' adresse ci-dessus avant le 15 janvier 1999 . attention , mettez le paiement l ' ordre de : ecal . renseignements - - - - - - - - - - - - - e - mail : parisse @ ext . jussieu . fr http : / / herens . idiap . ch / ~ glotin / rb99
",0
2248,"Subject: linguistics 36 : 5 ( 1998 ) , 36 : 6 ( 1998 )
 
 linguistics volume 36 - 5 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york john hutton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stress in old english , giet ongean alexandra georgakopoulou and dionysis goutsos . . . . . . . . . . . . conjunctions versus discourse markers in greek : the interaction of frequency , position , and functions in context emre ozgen and ian davies . . . turkish color terms : tests of berlin and kay 's theory of color universals and linguistic relativity ning zhang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the interactions between construction meaning and lexical meaning book reviews publications received notice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ linguistics volume 36 - 6 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york dirk noel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . infinitival copular complement clauses in english : explaining the predominance of passive matrix verbs david fertig . . . . . . . . . . . . . suppletion , natural morphology , and diagrammaticity andrew hippisley . . . . . . . . . indexed stems and russian word formation : a network-morphology account of russian personal pronouns kazue kanno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the stability of ug principles in second - language acquisition : evidence from japanese short note carl rubino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the morphological realization and production of a nonprototypical morpheme : the tagalog derivational clitic author index to linguistics , volume 36 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
",0
2249,"Subject: intern . journal of the sociology of language ( ijsl ) 132 ( 1998 )
 
 international journal of the sociology of language issue 132 ( 1998 ) indigenous language use and change in the americas edited by teresa l . mccarty and ofelia zepeda mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york teresa l . mccarty and ofelia zepeda , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . introduction part 1 . indigenous languages in the usa lucille j . watahomigie , . . . . . . the native language is a gift : a hualapai language autobiography michael krauss , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the condition of native north american languages : the need for realistic assessment and action galena sells dick , . . . . . . . . . . . i maintained a strong belief in my language and culture : a navajo language autobiography teresa l . mccarty , . . . . . . . . . . . schooling , resistance , and american indian languages daniel lopez ( recorded and edited by ofelia zepeda ) , . . . . . . . . . . . the parents have to do their part : a tohono o ' odham language autobiography ofelia zepeda , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . voices in the desert : contemporary approaches to language maintenance and survival of an ancient language , tohono o ' odham mary linn , marcellino berardo and akira y . yamamoto , . . . . . . . . . . . our language and us : why we switched to english - - - a conversation between two euchee speakers mary linn , marcellino berardo and akira y . yamamoto , . . . . . . . . . . . creating language teams in oklahoma native american communities agnes vera , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . why have i not forgotten my language ? a yowlumne language autobiography leanne hinton , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . language loss and revitalization in california : overview christine p . sims , . . . . . . . . . . . community - based efforts to preserve native languages : a descriptive study of the karuk tribe of northern california iokepa maka ` ai , james kaleiokalani shintani , jr . , jason cabral and kelithoalani kamana wilson ( translated by william h . wilson ) , . . . . . . . . . . four hawaiian language autobiographies william h . wilson , . . . . . . . . . . . i ka ` olelo hawai ` i ke ola , ` life is found in the hawaiian language ' part 2 . indigenous languages in mexico and latin america salome gutierrez morales , . . . . lengua y pensamento : autobiografia de la lengua popoluca salomon nahmad sitton , . . . . . . . derechos linguisticos de los pueblos indigenas de mexico francisco marquez de santa barbara ( translated by jane h . hill ) , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . all that is lost : a mexican language autobiography jane h . hill , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . don francisco marquez survives : a meditation on monolingualism leonzo knight julian , . . . . . . . . if our language is lost , we are going to be nothing : an ulwa language autobiography thomas green and kenneth hale , ulwa , the language of karawala , eastern nicaragua : its position and prospects in modern nicaragua book reviews jerry lipka , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stabilizing indigenous languages , edited by gina cantoni nancy h . hornberger , . . . . . . . . . flutes of fire : essays on california indian languages , by leanne hinton _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
",0
2250,"Subject: cahiers de linguistique - asie orientale vol . 27 , n2 ( 1998 )
 
 clao - cahiers de linguistique - asie orientale . an international journal on the languages and linguistics of east asia published by the "" centre de recherches linguistiques sur l ' asie orientale "" editors : alain lucas , waltraud paul vol . 27 , n2 ( 1998 ) marie - claude paris , "" focus operators and types of predication in mandarin "" , pp . 139-159 franoise bottero , "" la vision de l ' criture de xu shen partir de sa prsentation des liushu "" , pp . 161-191 ma beijia , "" jieci ' zhu ' de chansheng "" ( in chinese ) pp . 193-200 yu hsiao - jung & cao guangshun , "" liu du ji jing zhong de fuci 'd ou ' "" ( in chinese ) pp . 201-209 lee hun - tak thomas & wong colleen , cancorp - the hong kong cantonese child language corpus "" , pp . 211-228 review article : redouane djamouri , franoise bottero ( smantisme et classification dans l ' criture chinoise ) , pp . 229-247 book review : laurent sagart tor ulving ( dictionary of old and middle chinese ) pp . 249-254 dissertations : ksenia antonian ( in english ) "" rezul ' tativnye konstrukcii v sovremennom kitajskom jazyke : processy grammatikalizacii i leksikallizacii "" ( resultative verb compounds in mandarin chinese : grammaticalization and lexicalization ) pp . 255-265 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - published by the "" centre de recherches linguistiques sur l ' asie orientale ( crlao ) , paris , france inquiries to : cahiers - lao @ ehess . fr
",0
2251,"Subject: language and gender
 
 association for french language studies in conjunction with the centre for european studies , uwe , bristol discours masculins , discours feminins saturday , 6 february 1999 room 4c23 , faculty of languages and european studies frenchay campus , uwe , bristol 10 . 30 - 11 . 00 coffee and registration outside of 4c23 11 . 00 - 11 . 30 kate beeching ( uwe , bristol ) . welcome and overview . 11 . 30 - 12 . 30 marina yaguello ( universit de paris 7 - denis diderot ) 12 : 30 - 1 : 00 jean - marc dewaele ( birkbeck , university of london ) p 1 . 00 - 2 . 00 lunch room 4d05 2 . 00 - 2 . 30 ccile bauvois ( universit de mons - hainault ) 2 . 30 - 3 . 00 nigel armstrong ( university of newcastle ) 3 . 00 - 3 . 30 tea room 4d05 3 . 30 - 4 . 00 jacques - philippe saint - grand ( universit blaise pascal , clermont - ferrand ii ) 4 . 00 - 4 . 30 tim pooley ( london guildhall university ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * please complete by friday 22 january and return to : mrs jessa karki research secretary faculty of languages and european studies uwe , bristol , frenchay campus coldharbour lane , bristol , bs16 1qy telephone : 0117 976 3842 , ext 2724 fax : 0117 976 2626 e - mail : jessa . karki @ uwe . ac . uk please indicate your choice by checking a box below : workshop fee ( including lunch , coffee , and tea ) 25 . 00 undergraduate student fee ( no catering included ) 5 . 00 please make cheques payable to uwe , bristol . vegetarian : no / yes ( delete as appropriate ) name : occupation : institution : address : postal code : telephone : fax : e - mail : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - treffers - daller , jeanine email : jeanine . treffers - daller @ uwe . ac . uk "" university of the west of england ""
",0
2252,"Subject: "" machine learning for information filtering "" workshop at ijcai99
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for participation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - workshop on "" machine learning for information filtering "" at the international joint conference on artificial intelligence ( ijcai ) 99 august 1st , 1998 stockholm , sweden http : / / www-ai . cs . uni-dortmund . de / events / ijcai99-mlif the enormous growth of on-line information and electronic commerce has brought about a comparable growth in research on methods for automatically organizing and personalizing information . the "" information filtering "" task has simultaneously emerged as an active research topic in several disciplines , including information retrieval , human computer interaction , natural language processing , and machine learning . the information filtering task manifests itself in many theoretically challenging and commercially important applications , such as electronic commerce and marketing , search engines , information push applications , browsing assistants , and adaptive web sites . the goal of this workshop is to bring together researchers working on information filtering from many subfields of ai , while emphasizing the machine learning techniques and algorithms many of these subfields share . these techniques include * text classification methods ( probabilistic methods , support vector machines , first order methods , use of unlabeled data , etc . ) * collaborative filtering methods ( use of complex user and object profiles ( e . g . citation structure ) , novel clustering models and methods , etc . ) * other methods for learning user preferences ( learning orderings , etc . ) * combinations of approaches and multi-strategy learning * representational issues ( knowledge representation , nlp techniques , representing interest , representing information objects , feature selection , term weighting , data transformation , latent semantic indexing , etc . ) * clustering methods ( similarity measures , mixture models , etc . ) * scalability issues * formal models and theory * handling different media ( text , images , sound , etc . ) * evaluation techniques besides these topics , the workshop covers all theoretical and methodological issues concerning information filtering . submissions describing innovative applications of information filtering are also encouraged . by bringing together industrial representatives with researchers , the workshop will * show how problems from industry present new research issues . * identify ways in which research results may be put in more widespread practice in an industrial setting . timetable april 6 , 1999 submission deadline may 3 , 1999 notification of acceptance may 24 , 1999 camera - ready copy due august 1 , 1999 workshop organization the workshop will be one full day , including invited talks , paper presentations , poster presentations , and numerous opportunities for discussion . depending on submissions , there will be joint sessions with the workshop "" text mining : foundations , techniques and applications "" on topics of common interest . participation in the workshop is limited according to ijcai regulations . all workshop participants have to register for the ijcai conference . the working notes of the workshop will be published online . submission procedure those interested in making a presentation should submit a full paper electronically either as a postscript or pdf to joachims @ ls8 . cs . uni-dortmund . de . the first page of submitted papers should include : title , author names and affiliations , a brief abstract . it should also name a designated contact person with his or her postal address , electronic mail address , telephone and fax number . submissions should not exceed 8 pages according to the ijcai formatting instructions and should be printable on 8 . 5 "" x 11 "" or a4 paper . those interested in participating in the workshop , but not submitting a paper , should submit a one-page abstract of their research interests in learning methods for information filtering . organizing committee thorsten joachims ( chair ) andrew mccallum universitaet dortmund just research fb informatik , ls8 4616 henry street baroper str . 301 pittsburgh , pa 15213 44221 dortmund , germany phone : ( 412 ) 683-9132 phone : + 49 231 755 5102 fax : ( 412 ) 683-4175 fax : + 49 231 755 5105 email : mccallum @ justresearch . com joachims @ ls8 . cs . uni-dortmund . de mehran sahami lyle ungar epiphany , inc . university of pennsylvania 2300 geng road dept of comp . and info . sci . palo alto , ca 94303 200 s . 33rd st . phone : ( 650 ) 496-2399 philadelphia , pa 19104-6389 fax : ( 650 ) 496-2431 phone : ( 215 ) 898-7449 email : sahami @ epiphany . com fax : ( 215 ) 898-0587 email : ungar @ cis . upenn . edu further information http : / / www-ai . cs . uni-dortmund . de / events / ijcai99-mlif
",0
2253,"Subject: student conference in linguistics
 
 call for papers student conference in linguistics 11 special theme : endangered languages keynote speaker : jonathan david bobaljik may 8 - 9 , 1999 the university of texas at austin the 11th annual student conference in linguistics will be held at the university of texas at austin may 8 - 9 , 1999 . scil is a student-run conference which aims to bring together graduate students from around the world to present their research and build connections with other students . the proceedings are published in the mit working papers in linguistics . we invite original , unpublished work in any area of linguistics . we would particularly like to encourage submissions which focus on endangered or underdescribed languages , in keeping with the conference theme . guidelines for submission : please submit ten copies of a one-page , 500 - word , anonymous abstract for a twenty-minute paper ( optionally , one additional page for data and / or references may be appended ) , along with a 3 "" by 5 "" card with : ( 1 ) your name , ( 2 ) your affiliation , ( 3 ) your address , phone number , and e-mail address , ( 4 ) the title of the paper , and ( 5 ) an indication of which subdivision of linguistics best describes the topic ( e . g . , phonetics , phonology , syntax , semantics , psycholinguistics , anthropological linguistics , computational linguistics , sociolinguistics , etc . ) the abstract should be as specific as possible , and it should clearly indicate the data covered , outline the arguments presented , and include any broader implications of the work . the deadline for receipt of abstracts is 5 : 00 pm , february 15 , 1999 . send abstracts to : scil 11 abstract committee department of linguistics 501 calhoun hall the university of texas at austin austin , texas 78712 e - mail abstracts will be accepted . please email us or consult our web page for detailed instructions . email abstracts should be submitted to scil @ ccwf . cc . utexas . edu by 5 : 00 pm , february 15 , 1999 . further information is available at http : / / ccwf . cc . utexas . edu / ~ scil / index . html questions can be directed to scil @ ccwf . cc . utexas . edu - ralph c . blight department of linguistics , the university of texas at austin http : / / ccwf . cc . utexas . edu / ~ gizzmo / index . html
",0
2254,"Subject: sociolinguistics symposium 2000
 
 haa27974 status : r university of the west of england , bristol ( uwe , bristol ) centre for european studies ( ces ) , faculty of languages and european studies ( les ) & school of sociology , faculty of economics and social sciences ( ess ) sociolinguistics symposium 2000 the interface between linguistics and social theory 27-29 april 2000 call for papers the sociolinguistics symposium 2000 is the thirteenth meeting of the sociolinguistics symposium which meets once every two years . this conference will focus primarily on the interface between linguistics and social theory , and it is hoped the meeting will contribute to further cooperation between the two disciplines . the conference welcomes papers from a range of different subject areas such as : language variation and change , language and gender , language and the media , discourse analysis , languages in contact , creole linguistics , intercultural communication , language and migration , social stratification of language , language development and other related topics . keynote speakers professor jack chambers ( toronto ) : leaders and laggers in the diffusion of changes professor david corson ( toronto ) critical realism : an emancipatory social philosophy for sociolinguistics professor pieter muysken ( leiden ) : radical modularity and the possibility of sociolinguistics professor shana poplack ( ottawa ) : the social context of linguistic variation ( working title ) professor ruth wodak ( vienna ) : does sociolinguistics need social theory ? new perspectives in critical discourse analysis provisional titles of colloquia language , nationalism and minority rights multilingualism and migration intercultural communication language contact along the language frontier discourse suggestions for other colloquia are welcome ( see deadline for applications on the back of this page ) . committee professor michael scriven ( dean , les , uwe , bristol ) professor alison assiter ( dean , ess , uwe , bristol ) mr felix bihlmeier ( associate dean ( resources ) , les , uwe , bristol ) dr susan price ( associate dean ( academic affairs ) of les , uwe , bristol ) dr carmen arnaiz ( uwe , bristol ) mrs kate beeching ( uwe , bristol ) mr john bird ( uwe , bristol ) professor jim coleman ( university of portsmouth ) professor nikolas coupland ( university of cardiff ) dr aidan coveney ( university of exeter ) dr helmut daller ( uwe , bristol ) professor roy harris ( university of oxford ) dr stephen may ( university of bristol ) dr tom osborne ( university of bristol ) dr mark sebba ( university of lancaster ) dr sali tagliamonte ( university of york ) dr jeanine treffers - daller ( uwe , bristol ) mr jem thomas ( uwe , bristol ) dr glyn williams ( university of wales at bangor ) deadlines the deadline for proposals of colloquia is : 1 june 1999 . the deadline for submission of abstracts is : 1 september 1999 . abstracts are welcomed for oral presentation ( 20 mins + 10 mins discussion ) or poster presentation . please send 4 hard copies , one of which contains your name and address , as well as an electronic version ( rich text format ) of the abstract to the address given below . for more information more information about the conference programme , the venue and the general organisation of the event can be found either on our website : http : / / www . uwe . ac . uk / facults / les / research / sociling2000 . html or at our addresses / numbers below : jessa karki / jeanine treffers - daller centre for european studies ( ces ) faculty of languages and european studies university of the west of england , bristol frenchay campus , coldharbour lane bristol , bs16 1qy , uk e - mail : jessa . karki @ uwe . ac . uk ( administrative matters ) jeanine . treffers - daller @ uwe . ac . uk ( academic affairs ) tel : + + 44 117 976 3842 , ext 2724 , fax : + + 44 117 976 2626
",0
2255,"Subject: review : torrego , the dependencies of objects .
 
 torrego , esther , ( 1998 ) , the dependencies of objects . linguistic inquiry monograph 34 . cambridge , massachusetts : the mit press . 197 pages . reviewed by alex alsina , universitat pompeu fabra ( barcelona ) . this book is a study of overtly case-marked objects in spanish that pays attention to similar phenomena in other languages , particularly other romance languages . it is well-known that direct objects , or accusative objects , in spanish , when expressed as full nps , or dps ( to use the author 's term ) , alternate between two forms depending on various semantic and syntactic properties : dps withouth any overt case morphology , and overtly case-marked dps . the overt case marker in question is the preposition "" a "" , which also marks dative objects . the study adopts the minimalist program , outlined by chomsky ( 1992 , 1994 , 1995 ) , as a framework for developing an analysis for the various phenomena under investigation . synopsis chapter 1 outlines the theoretical framework of the book and sketches the content of the subsequent chapters . chapter 2 presents the various generalizations that characterize spanish accusative objects marked by the dative preposition . among these generalizations are correlations between overt case-marking and specificity , between overt case-marking and telicity , between overt case-marking and an interpretation of the subject as an agent or a cause , etc . the common element in the explanation of all of these generalizations is the idea that the marked accusative object raises overtly to a position outside vp , to the specifier position of the functional category v , which takes the vp as its complement . for example , the two following facts are observed : marked accusative requires ( or may require ) a telic interpretation of the event which is absent with unmarked accusative objects , and an affected interpretation of the ( animate ) object requires overt case-marking on the object . it is suggested that objects moved outside the vp have a delimiting role for their predicates and , at the same time , the position to which objects moved , the spec of vp , is the locus of affectedness . thus , two different properties of overt case-marking would be made to follow from the idea that overtly case-marked objects in spanish undergo overt movement to spec of vp . likewise , the observation that overt case-marking on the object requires the subject to be interpreted as an agent or as a cause is linked to the idea that an overtly case-marked object is in spec-v p and to the hypothesis that the causative or agent role is assigned to the v - vp configuration . torrego proposes that there are two types of marked accusatives , one with structural case and the other with inherent case . marked accusative is inherent with causative and agentive verbs and those with affected objects , and is structural with other verbs . this theoretical difference is appealed to in order to account for an asymmetry with respect to extraction out of marked accusative objects : such extractions are ill-formed with the former class of verbs , but not with the latter . the presence of the extra structure created by the inherent case marker is a crucial element in the explanation of this contrast . chapter 3 examines variation in causative structures in spanish and argues that this variation is largely conditioned by case assignment . much of the discussion is based on a causative structure in which the causee appears between the causative verb "" hacer "" ' make ' and the infinitive . one of the goals of the chapter is to explain the restrictions on the "" faire-par "" causative in several spanish dialects . in these dialects , the "" faire-par "" causative is only fully acceptable in the following situations : ( 1 ) when an object clitic is present , or ( 2 ) when a reflexive clitic is present , and that , otherwise they are best with verbs identified as "" constructive accomplishments "" such as ' build ' or with case-marked objects . chapter 4 analyzes constructions with dative objects , both with ditransitive verbs and with unaccusatives . restrictions regarding constructions with two objects with identical case-marking are examined . the chapter also deals with contrasts between the presence and absence of doubling clitics . a comparison is made with the double object constructions in english . an analysis is presented of the contrast in raising constructions with 's eem ' between those without the dative argument ( acceptable ) and those with it ( unacceptable ) . conclusions are briefly summarized at the end . critical discussion this book is a mine of linguistic puzzles concerning objects , causative constructions , clitics , and related phenomena in spanish . it is of interest to anyone concerned with these matters , regardless of what analysis and what theoretical framework one may wish to adopt . this book is also of interest to linguists who want to find out how the minimalist program can be applied to a particular empirical domain . the author has done a great job of synthesizing the data and presenting generalizations that need to be explained . despite these positive aspects of the book , i experienced serious frustrations while reading it having to do with the data and with the analysis . data the problem with the data , which is a minor one compared to the other one , has to do with the fact that many of the data presented are alien to the varieties of spanish that i speak or am familiar with . naturally , i cannot claim to know all varieties of spanish , so i should not be surprised to discover data that do not belong to the spanish that i know . some examples follow . torrego presents a contrast in pp . 58-59 between "" a quienes ( les ) vieron ? "" and "" a quienes ( * los ) vieron ? "" , but both forms are equally ill-formed for me when the clitic ( the form in parentheses ) is included . the example "" la guerra los hizo subir "" in page 101 is claimed to allow only an animate reading for the clitic "" los "" , although for me it also allows an inanimate reading , but then this fact is claimed to hold only in spanish dialects where the pre-infinitival causee with "" hacer "" and an intransitive verb is attested , and i find this causative structure highly marginal ( examples such as "" la maestra hizo a los alumnos subir "" ) . and the construction exemplified by sentences such as "" me hizo pedir yo , "" which is analyzed in this book , is also alien to me . the main problem with these numerous discrepancies about the data is that it makes it hard to evaluate when a difference in the interpretation of the data is due to a difference in the data ( that may not be obvious ) or to a possible misanalysis of what actually is the same data . to illustrate this , consider the argument given in support of the claim that the structure embedded under "" hacer "" in a sentence like "" la guerra hizo subir los precios "" is a single unit ( p . 102 ) . torrego claims that standard constituency tests indicate that the sequence "" subir los precios "" in this sentence is a constituent and provides examples such as the following in support of this claim : ( 38 ) a . lo que la guerra hizo es subir los precios . what the war caused is to rise the prices d . que ha hecho la guerra sino subir los precios ? what has the war caused except rising the prices ? for me the translation of these sentences is not as indicated in the glosses , but rather as "" what the war did is to raise the prices . "" and "" what has the war done but raise the prices ? "" for ( 38a ) and ( 38d ) respectively . i would tend to believe that torrego is playing on the polysemy of "" hacer "" and "" subir "" . "" hacer "" can be either the causative verb meaning ' cause ' or ' make ' or the generic transitive verb translatable as 'd o ' , and "" subir "" can be either intransitive , equivalent to ' rise ' , or transitive , equivalent to ' raise ' . for the examples in ( 38 ) to be relevant to torrego 's claim , "" hacer "" must be causative and "" subir "" intransitive . what makes these exemples acceptable ( even though not perfect ) for me is that "" subir "" can be taken to be a transtive verb , whose unexpressed subject is coreferential with "" la guerra "" . but , under this interpretation , "" hacer "" would not be functioning as the causative verb , but as the counterpart of 'd o ' . what shows conclusively that , in my variety of spanish , this interpretation is right is that , if , instead of "" subir "" , we use a verb that only has an intransitive use , we get an unacceptable result . "" caer "" ' fall ' is such a verb : even though the sequence "" caer los precios "" can appear following the causative verb "" hacer "" , as in "" la guerra hizo caer los precios , "" it cannot appear as a focused or topicalized constituent of this verb , as we see in ( i ) . ( i ) a . * lo que la guerra hizo es caer los precios . what the war did / caused is to fall the prices b . * que ha hecho la guerra sino caer los precios ? what has the war done / caused except falling the prices ? > from this i would conclude that torrego 's data in ( 38 ) do not provide any evidence for the claim that a sequence such as "" subir los precios "" in a causative construction is a constituent , because those examples do not include the causative verb "" hacer "" . of course , i can only reach this conclusion for the variety of spanish that i am familiar with , where ( i ) is ungrammatical . but , for all i know , the examples in ( i ) could be grammatical in the variety of spanish analyzed by torrego , in which case my conclusion would not apply and the examples in ( 38 ) would constitute relevant evidence for the claim under investigation . analysis my second difficulty with this book is in the analysis ( or analyses ) provided . i have trouble understanding many of the analyses given : in many cases , i fail to derive the predictions that should follow from the analysis , i cannot tell what would constitute a counterexample to the analysis , i cannot figure out what role a given assumption plays in the analysis , etc . this could well be due to a deficiency on my part , but other readers might experience the same difficulties . next , i will point out some problem cases . 1 . chapter 2 of the book starts out with a list of six generalizations about marked accusative ( pp . 14-16 ) : ( 1 ) marked accusative can cooccur with doubling clitics in some dialects ( it is a necessary condition for clitic doubling ) , ( 2 ) marked accusative objects are interpreted as specific , ( 3 ) telicity requires marked accusative ( with animate objects ) , ( 4 ) the subject in a clause with a marked accusative object is an agent or a cause , ( 5 ) marked accusative is restricted to animates , and ( 6 ) affected animate objects require marked accusative . the indications given all along are that these generalizations will follow from a unified analysis . the main idea underlying this analysis is that an object with marked accusative raises to the specifier position of the functional category v , which takes a vp as its complement . ideally , an overt movement operation of this kind should have some testable effects on word order and all of the properties of the construction should follow straightforwardly from this operation . however , as torrego notes , there is no visible effect of object raising on word order , so that the motivation for the analysis rests entirely on how well it explains the generalizations listed above . and these generalizations are explained by attributing the various properties that correlate with overt case-marking to the spec of v - vp position on a one-by - one basis . for example , it is proposed that the spec of v - vp has a specific interpretation , that the presence of an object in spec of v - vp may shift the aspect of the predicate to a telic situation , that the presence of an object in spec of v - vp gives an agentive interpretation to the subject , etc . one wonders why this analysis should be preferable to one that attributes all of these properties directly to overt case-marking : in both cases , a one-by - one stipulation of those properties is required . it is not clear what the advantage is in attributing these properties to a special phrase structure position for which very weak evidence is given . 2 . in pp . 23 ff , torrego claims that there are two types of marked accusative : marked accusative of non-affected objects is structural case , whereas marked acusative of affected objects is inherent case . however , this claim is faced with a major problem that torrego notes , but then simply disregards . inherent ( or quirky ) case has the generally accepted property that it is preserved under passivization : an argument with inherent case does n't lose or change its case marking when its clause is passivized . genitive and dative case in icelandic are a good example of this , and dative case in spanish is also a good example of case marking that does not change from active to passive . however , the marked accusative case of affected objects in spanish is not preserved ( see relevant examples in p . 28 ) . torrego notes that , in contrast with spanish , some hindi dialects preserve the accusative "" - ko "" marking in passives , citing mohanan 1990 . torrego then goes on to say ( p . 29 ) : "" if the marked accusative of "" affected "" objects were inherent , overt marking in passivization could be preserved ( just as the marking of datives and genitives is preserved in icelandic passives ) . it remains to be seen whether relevant data from the dialects of hindi confirm this expectation . "" but the relevant data from the dialects of hindi does confirm this expectation , as the examples from mohanan 1990 ( also mohanan 1994 ) show . if we agree that we identify inherent case because its case marking is preserved under passivization , then we must conclude that marked accusative case is inherent in some dialects of hindi , because its case marking does not change under passivization , but is structural in the other dialects of hindi , where it does change under passivization . and we are forced to conclude that it is structural in spanish because it is not preserved under passivization . to ignore this evidence and still conclude that marked accusative case can be inherent case in spanish is to devoid the distinction between structural case and inherent case of the conceptual and empirical substance that it is standardly asociated with . and torrego does not explicitly reject this association . 3 . the agentivity effect of clauses with marked accusative is explained as follows : following a suggestion of chomsky 's ( 1995 ) , the causative or the agent role can be understood as the interpretation assigned to the v - vp configuration ; since marked accusative is assigned to objects that raise to spec of vp , the presence of marked accusative implies the existence of the v - vp configuration . therefore , whenever there is marked accusative , there must be an agentive or causative interpretation . but what happens with verbs that allow an alternation between marked and unmarked accusative on the object ? this should mean that such verbs should alternate between a v - vp configuration and some other configuration , but this second option is not spelled out . also , we have no way of knowing what consequences the presence or absence of the v - vp configuration has other than on overt case marking and on the corelation between overt case marking and other properties such as agentivity . 4 . in pp . 34 ff . , torrego tries to relate the idea that marked accusative on affected objects is lexical quirky case to grimshaw 's ( 1990 ) theory of quirky case - marking . in grimshaw 's theory , arguments at argument structure are ranked by prominence in two tiers : the aspectual tier and the thematic tier . adopting this theory , torrego proposes ( p . 36 ) that "" an argument ( subject or object ) can be lexically or quirky marked when it has thematic or aspectual prominence relative to the other argument . "" it is unclear how one is to interpret this proposal . prominence is a comparative property : a is more or less prominent than b . to say that a has prominence relative to b is either meaningless or would be true of any pair of arguments in an argument structure : it is necessarily true of any pair of arguments a and b of an argument structure that a is in a prominence relation to b . torrego goes on to state : "" the two arguments of an agentive telic transitive verb are both aspectually prominent . "" but this should be true of all transitive verbs . torrego goes on to conclude : "" this approach covers the fact that the object of only agentive and caustive verbs can or must be lexically or quirky case - marked , and also covers the fact that the overall phenomenon of marked accusative case happens with verbs that have agentive subjects . "" i fail to see how these predictions are derived . 5 . regarding the animacy restriction on overtly case - marked objects , torrego proposes that the term "" actor "" is more appropriate to characterize the class of nominals that appear in marked accusative than the term "" animate "" . the motivation for this terminological change is found in the existence of some expressions denoting inanimate entities that can take overt case - marking , as in the following example ( p . 55 ) : ( 45 ) el acido afecta ( a ) los metales . ' acid affects metals . ' ( i suspect that the presence of marked accusative in this example has more to do with the verb than with the semantics of the object . ) torrego does not propose a definition of "" actor "" , but refers the reader to jackendoff 's ( 1983 ) characterization of "" actor "" as the character in an action-type event that performs the action . given this characterization , it is hard to see how "" los metales "" ' the metals ' in example ( 45 ) can be interpreted as the argument that performs the action of the event ; what would "" el acido "" ' the acid ' be , then ? torrego goes on to say : "" the distinction between "" animates "" ( or "" actor "" - like nominals ) and "" inanimates "" does not appear to be semantic in nature . "" this is an odd claim to make , given that the notion of "" actor , "" which is proposed to replace "" animate , "" is given a semantic characterization . the motivation for this claim , however , is found in the fact that certain expressions , specifically proper names of humans , can be used to refer to anything , from a boat to a magazine to a can of beer , and always require overt case morphology , as in the following example : ( 46 ) esconde * ( a ) barbara . ' hide barbara . ' it is suggested that a purely morphological property underlies overt case - marking , although no indication is given as to what this morphological property might be . possibly the most robust generalization about overt case - marking of objects in spanish is that it is restricted to "" animates "" , even though there are problem cases such as example ( 45 ) and "" personified "" expressions such as ( 46 ) . because of these problems , torrego gives no explanation for the correlation between case - marking and animate interpretation and between absence of case - marking and inanimate interpretation that we see in pairs such as ( ii ) and ( iii ) : ( ii ) a . esconde a este . ( ' hide this one ( male animate entity ) . ' ) b . esconde este . ( ' hide this one ( inanimate entity ) . ' ) ( iii ) a . veremos a otra . ( ' we shall see another one ( female animate entity ) . ' ) a . veremos otra . ( ' we shall see another one ( inanimate entity ) . ' ) general remarks torrego often appeals to intuition in the exposition of the analysis and does not work out the details of the analysis . the following remark , very reminiscent of chomsky 's style , illustrates this point ( p . 139 , end of 3rd par . ) : "" whatever the details of this intuitive account are , the general approach seems quite plausible . "" if one does not work out the details of an account , it is not possible to derive predictions from it , and therefore the theory is unfalsifiable . this work by torrego is part of a move towards deriving explanations from very general and simple principles that interact in complex ways with each other . this move is a welcome one , but we should be careful that it does not land us in vagueness and imprecision . there is a style of explanation in which appeal is made to principles , often unstated or imprecisely stated principles , from which predictions are claimed to follow , but in which the derivation of predictions ( the logical steps from which predictions follow ) is not worked out and it is not possible to know what a prediction of the theory really is and what a counterexample to the theory might be . there is a danger that a reader of torrego 's "" the dependencies of objects "" might have the impression that the explanations in this book are of this style . to prevent this impression , torrego should have made a greater effort in terms of exposition ( even if it means leading the reader by the hand ) to show how the various predictions are derived . for that , it is necessary to state the crucial principles explicitly , as numbered items so the reader can refer to them easily , to make the assumptions about representations also explicit , and to give step-by - step derivations of the various predictions . references chomsky , noam . 1992 . a minimalist program for linguistic theory . mit working papers in linguistics , no . 1 . chomsky , noam . 1994 . bare phrase structure . mit occasional papers in linguistics , no . 5 . chomsky , noam . 1995 . the minimalist program . mit press . grimshaw , jane . 1990 . argument structure . mit press . jackendoff , ray . 1983 . semantics and cognition . mit press . mohanan , tara . 1990 . arguments in hindi . ph . d . dissertation , stanford university . mohanan , tara . 1994 . argument structure in hindi . stanford : csli publications . reviewer : alex alsina , professor titular d ' universitat , faculty of translation and interpretation , universitat pompeu fabra , barcelona , spain . ph . d . , stanford university , 1993 . research interests include syntax , morphology , morphosyntax , argument structure , linguistic theory . reviewer 's address : alex alsina facultat de traduccio i interpretacio universitat pompeu fabra la rambla , 30-32 08002 barcelona spain alex . alsina @ trad . upf . es
",0
2256,"Subject: journees de linguistique
 
 dernier appel de communication les xiiies journees de linguistique ( jdl ) se tiendront les 25 et 26 mars 1999 au pavillon alphonse - desjardins de l ' universite laval . les jdl est l ' un des colloques etudiants les plus importants en linguistique . les jdl permettent aux etudiants des etudes superieures , ainsi qu ' aux chercheurs de niveau postdoctoral , de presenter et de publier les resultats de leurs travaux en didactique des langues , en linguistique ou en traduction . depuis treize ans , les jdl ont permis a plusieurs dizaines d ' etudiants de presenter et de publier leur premiere communication . cette annee , les organisateurs comptent privilegier les communications qui sauront demontrer la multidisciplinarite des etudes sur les langues . les personnes interessees a participer aux jdl doivent soumettre leur proposition de communication avant le lundi 11 janvier 1999 . les communications sont d ' une duree maximale de 20 minutes et sont suivies d ' une periode de questions de 10 minutes . elles devront tre presentees en franais . les formulaires proposition de communication et resume de communication , joints au present document , devront tre dment remplis selon les instructions qui y figurent . les propositions de communication seront evaluees par un comite de lecture . finalement , les formulaires doivent tre accompagnes d ' un cheque de 15 , 00 $ ( remboursable , en cas de refus de la proposition par le comite ) a l ' ordre des journees de linguistique , montant couvrant les frais d ' inscription et de publication des actes . bien que la cosignature des articles avec les directeurs d ' etudes ou les professeurs soit permise , seuls les etudiants seront autorises a presenter des communications . les etudiants etrangers interesses a participer au colloque doivent communiquer avec les organisateurs dans les delais les plus brefs afin de s ' informer des modalites de deplacement et d ' hebergement et , le cas echeant , de l ' aide financiere disponible . pour obtenir plus d ' information ou pour acheminer vos propositions de communication par notre formulaire electronique , veuillez consulter le site web de l ' aedill : http : / / www . fl . ulaval . ca / lli / aedill / jdl . html ou communiquez avec les organisateurs des jdl : xiiies journees de linguistique association des etudiants diplmes inscrits en langues et linguistique ( aedill ) departement de langues et linguistique , bureau 2289 pavillon charles - de koninck universite laval quebec qc canada g1k 7p4
",0
2257,"Subject: natural language processing
 
 please find below the second call for papers for taln ' 99 ( traitement automatique du langage naturel ) ( french and english versions ) . thank you . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * | _ _ | / \ | | | \ | | | / / _ \ / _ \ * * | | / _ \ | | | \ | | | ( _ ) | ( _ ) | * * | | / _ _ _ \ | | _ _ _ | | \ | \ _ _ , | \ _ _ , | * * | _ / _ / \ _ \ _ _ _ _ _ | _ | \ _ | / _ / / _ / * * * * * * taln ' 99 * * traitement automatique du langage naturel * * * * institut d ' etudes scientifiques de cargese ( corse ) * * du 12 au 17 juillet 1999 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( see english version below ) taln ' 99 second appel a communications ( date limite : 31 janvier 1999 ) cargese ( corse ) du 12 au 17 juillet 1999 la sixieme edition de la conference sur le traitement automatique des langues naturelles ( taln ' 99 ) se tiendra , du 12 au 17 juillet 1999 , a l ' institut d ' etudes scientifiques de cargese , corse . etendue cette annee a une semaine , la conference comprendra des tutoriels et des ateliers thematiques . taln ' 99 est organisee sous l ' egide de l ' atala ( association pour le traitement automatique des langues ) et se tiendra conjointement avec la conference recital ' 99 ( appel a communications a paraitre separement ) . les langues officielles de la conference sont le francais et l ' anglais . themes les communications , d ' une duree de trente minutes , questions comprises , pourront porter sur tous les themes habituels du taln , incluant , de facon non limitative : lexique morphologie syntaxe semantique pragmatique discours analyse generation resume dialogue traduction automatique approches logiques , symboliques et statistiques taln ' 99 souhaite egalement accueillir des contributions de domaines proches dans lesquels le taln joue un role important , tels que : aspects cognitifs terminologie , acquisition de connaissances a partir de textes extraction d ' information recherche documentaire linguistique de corpus utilisation d ' outils de taln pour la modelisation linguistique enseignement assiste par ordinateur linguistique mathematique enfin , sont aussi attendus des travaux sur des applications du taln , specifiques , implementees et evaluees , faisant ressortir leurs aspects scientifiques et les enseignements tires . des demonstrations de systemes pourront etre proposees , en complement d ' articles scientifiques . l ' emploi du temps de la conference comprendra une session pour ces demonstrations . en outre , le comite de programme selectionnera parmi les communications acceptees deux articles pour publication ( dans une version etendue ) dans la revue traitement automatique des langues ( t . a . l . ) . calendrier date limite de soumission : 31 janvier 1999 notification aux auteurs : 12 avril 1999 version finale : 10 mai 1999 conference : 12-17 juillet 1999 criteres de selection les auteurs sont invites a soumettre des travaux de recherche originaux , n ' ayant pas fait l ' objet de publications anterieures . les soumissions seront examinees par au moins deux specialistes du domaine . seront considerees en particulier : - l ' importance et l ' originalite de la contribution , - la correction du contenu scientifique et technique , - la discussion critique des resultats , en particulier par rapport aux autres travaux du domaine , - la situation des travaux dans le contexte de la recherche internationale , - l ' organisation et la clarte de la presentation , - l ' adequation aux themes de la conference . les articles selectionnes seront publies dans les actes de la conference . modalites de soumission les soumissions seront anonymes ; elles ne devront donc comporter aucun nom d ' auteur ni auto-citation . les articles soumis ne devront pas depasser 10 pages en times 12 , espacement simple , soit environ 3000 mots , figures , exemples et references compris . une feuille de style latex et un modele word sont ou seront tres bientot disponibles sur le site web de la conference ( http : / / talana . linguist . jussieu . fr / taln99 / ) . les articles doivent parvenir au comite d ' organisation avant le 31 janvier 1999 , en trois exemplaires papier , et peuvent etre accompagnes d ' une version electronique . adresse electronique : taln99 @ linguist . jussieu . fr adresse postale : talana - ufrl - universite paris 7 case 7003 - 2 , place jussieu 75251 paris cedex 05 - france formats des soumissions electroniques : les soumissions electroniques doivent etre accompagnees d ' une soumission papier . les auteurs devront envoyer leur soumission en document attache a un courrier electronique adresse a taln99 @ linguist . jussieu . fr , avec pour titre "" taln submission "" . une page d ' identification separee ( contenant le titre de la communication , le nom , l ' affiliation , l ' adresse postale et electronique , le numero de telephone et de fax de l ' auteur ) devra egalement etre attachee . l ' un des formats suivants doit imperativement etre employe : - source latex auto-suffisant ( les styles non standards ou differents de ceux fournis pour taln ' 99 devront etre inclus dans le fichier source ) et postscript ou - rtf ( word ) et postscript important : les versions postscript doivent etre au format a4 , et non lettre us . informations pratiques les informations pratiques seront precisees ulterieurement , notamment sur le site web de la conference ( http : / / talana . linguist . jussieu . fr / taln99 / ) une reduction sera consentie aux membres de l ' atala . l ' inscription a l ' atala sera proposee conjointement a l ' inscription a taln ' 99 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - taln ' 99 second call for papers ( deadline : 31 . january 1999 ) cargese ( corsica , france ) 12 - 17 july 1999 the sixth conference on natural language processing ( taln ' 99 ) will be held at the institute for scientific studies at cargese , corsica , france , 12 . - 17 . july , 1999 . taln ' 99 will last a whole week , and will include both workshops and tutorials . taln ' 99 is organized under the auspices of atala ( association pour le traitement automatique des langues , association for nlp ) and will take place jointly with the recital ' 99 conference ( call for papers to be issued separately ) . the official languages of the conference are french and english . papers are invited for thirty minute talks , question period included , in all areas of nlp , including ( but not limited to ) : lexicon morphology syntax semantics pragmatics discourse parsing text generation abstraction / summarization dialogue machine translation logical , symbolical and statistical approaches taln ' 99 also welcomes submissions from fields for which nlp plays an important role , as long as those submissions emphasize their nlp dimension . cognitive aspects terminology , knowledge acquisition information extraction documentary retrieval corpus linguistics management and acquisition of linguistic resources computer assisted learning mathematical linguistics nlp tools for linguistic modelization also , taln ' 99 invites submissions focusing on nlp applications which have been implemented , tested and evaluated and emphasizing the scientific aspects and conclusions drawn . demos can also be proposed , in addition to a standard paper . a scheduled session for these demos is planned as part of the conference . moreover , the programme committee will select two papers among the papers accepted . an extended version of these two papers will be published in the journal "" traitement automatique des langues "" ( t . a . l . ) . calendar submission deadline : 31 . january 1999 notification to authors : 12 . april 1999 final version due : 10 . may 1999 conference : 12 . - 17 . july 1999 selection authors are invited to submit original , previously unpublished research work . submissions will be reviewed by at least two specialists of the domain . decisions will be based on the following criteria : - importance and originality of the paper - soundness of the scientific and technical content - comparison of the results obtained with other relevant work - clarity of the exposition - relevance to the topics of the conference accepted papers will be published in the proceedings of the conference . submission procedure submissions will be anonymous , and should therefore not include the author 's name , nor any self-reference . their maximum length is ten pages , in times 12 , single spaced ( approx . 3000 words ) , including figures , examples and references . a latex style file and a word template are or will be shortly available on the web site of the conference ( http : / / talana . linguist . jussieu . fr / taln99 / ) . three hard-copies of the paper must be received by 31 . june 1999 . authors are also encouraged to send an electronic version of their paper . email address : taln99 @ linguist . jussieu . fr postal address : talana - ufrl - universite de paris 7 case 7003 - 2 , pl . jussieu 75251 paris cedex 05 - france guidelines for electronic submission : electronic submissions must be accompanied by a standard , mail submission . authors should send their submission ( neither compressed nor encoded ) via email as an attached file to taln99 @ linguist . jussieu . fr , specifying "" taln submission "" as the subject . a separate identification page ( with the following information : title of the paper , author 's name , affiliation , postal address , email address , fax and telephone number ) should also be attached . papers must be sent in one of the following formats : - self-contained latex source ( including non standard or non taln ' 99 styles ) and postscript version . or - rtf ( word ) document and postscript version . important : all the postscript versions must be in a4 format , and not us letter . practical information practical information will be detailed shortly on the conference web site ( http : / / talana . linguist . jussieu . fr / taln99 / ) and in a further call . please note that members of the atala association will benefit from reduced registration fees . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - comite de programme / programme committee : pascal amsili , talana ( paris ) ( president / chairman ) anne abeille , talana ( paris ) nicholas asher , university of texas ( austin ) philippe blache , lpl ( aix - en - provence , france ) christian boitet , clips-geta ( grenoble ) andree borillo , erss ( toulouse ) pierrette bouillon , issco ( geneve ) myriam bras , irit ( toulouse ) jo calder , ccs & hcrc ( university of edinburgh ) beatrice daille , irin ( nantes ) laurence danlos , talana ( paris ) dominique estival , university of melbourne claire gardent , universitat des saarlandes ( saarbr | ck ) damien genthial , clips-trilan ( grenoble ) benoit habert , ens fontenay ( fontenay - aux - roses , france ) pierre isabelle , diro ( montreal ) christian jacquemin , iut de nantes daniel kayser , lipn ( paris ) geert - jan kruijff , univerzita karlova ( praha ) eric laporte , ceril , universite de marne - la - vallie piet mertens , ccl k . u . leuven detmar meurers , universitat tuebingen georges moracchini , universite de corse , corte fiammetta namer , universite de nancy ii ( france ) cecile paris , csiro ( sidney ) sous reserve / to be confirmed patrick paroubek , limsi ( paris ) jean - marie pierrel , loria ( nancy , france ) alain polguere , universite de montreal patti price , sri international ( menlo park , canada ) sous reserve / to be confirmed owen rambow , cogentex ( ithaca , ny ) philip resnik , university of maryland gerard sabah , limsi ( paris ) louisa sadler , university essex ( colchester , uk ) max silberztein , grelis ( besangon ) evelyne tzoukermann , bell - labs ( murray hill , nj ) sous reserve / to be confirmed jacques vergne , greyc ( caen , france ) jean veronis , lpl ( aix - en - provence ) bernard victorri , elsap ( caen , france ) eric wehrli , latl ( geneve ) annie zaenen , xrce ( grenoble ) remi zajac , carnegie mellon university , pittsburgh , sous reserve / to be confirmed pierre zweigenbaum , diam ( paris ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - comite d ' organisation / organizing committee anne abeille pascal amsili ( president / president ) marie - helene candito patrick caudal lionel clement laurence danlos veronika gendner kim gerdes sylvain kahane alexandra kinyon manuela leahu laurent roussarie et les autres membres de l ' equipe talana and the other members of the talana team * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * taln ' 99 * * mailto : taln99 @ linguist . jussieu . fr * * http : / / talana . linguist . jussieu . fr / taln99 * * talana - ufrl - universite paris 7 * * case 7003 - 2 , place jussieu til . : ( 33 ) 1 44 27 53 70 * * 75251 paris cedex 05 - france fax : ( 33 ) 1 44 27 79 19 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
2258,"Subject: studia linguistica , vol 52 ( 1998 )
 
 blackwell publishers are pleased to announce that the latest issue of studia linguistica is now available and contains the following articles : volume 52 , december 1998 realizations of syntactic agreement in american sign language : similarities between the clause and the noun phrase c . neidle , b . bahan , d . maclaughlin , r . lee , j . kegl focus , checking theory and fronting strategies in romanian v . motapanyane on presupposition and ( non ) coreference j . - m . authier two kinds of reconstruction w . lechner studia linguistica is committed to the publication of high quality , original papers and provides an international forum for the discussion of theoretical linguistic research , primarily within the fields of grammar , cognitive semantics and language typology . the principal aim is to open a channel of communication between researchers operating in traditionally diverse fields while continuing to focus on natural language data . edited by : christer platzack and jan - olof svantesson , university of lund , sweden issn : 0039-3193 , 3 times a year , volume 53 , 1999 subscription rates for 1999 institutional rate : 107 ( uk / europe ) ; us $ 172 ( n . america ) ; 119 ( rest of world ) personal rate : 43 ( uk / europe ) ; us $ 63 ( n . america ) ; 43 ( rest of world ) lsa rate : 34 ( uk / europe ) ; us $ 50 ( n . america ) ; 34 ( rest of world ) for more information about studia linguistica please visit our web site at : www . blackwellpublishers . co . uk / asp / linguist . asp
",0
2259,"Subject: linguistic form and social action , mdia vol . 13
 
 the editorial staff of michigan discussions in anthropology , vol . 13 , are pleased to announce the publication of "" linguistic form and social action "" . with this issue of michigan discussions in anthropology we join linguistically oriented anthropologists and anthropologically attuned linguists who have , since the days of sapir and malinowski , regarded language as constitutive of culture . we believe , however , that although linguistic terminology has become part of our common critical language , too often it merely serves as metaphor . theorists may deploy it to explain macro cultural phenomena but bypass the opportunity to examine linguistic form . in the past decade the call has come again to create a theoretical site encompassing fine-grained linguistic analysis and the broader concerns of cultural anthropology , in which grammar plays a key role in structuring social fields . the papers in mdia volume 13 , contributed by junior and senior scholars with ties to the linguistic anthropology program at the university of michigan , explore this set of issues from a range of theoretical and methodological perspectives . this volume is edited by graduate students affiliated with linguistic anthropology at the university of michigan . the program , established by the department of anthropology in 1990 , emphasizes the ethnographic analysis of language within the larger context of social theory . we seek to preserve the sense in which language is simultaneously a formal system and one which is pragmatically deployed . central to this mission is a belief that the core concerns of cultural anthropology , increasingly involving the analysis of 'd iscourse , ' ' representations , ' and 's ocial action , ' must also integrate analysis of linguistic form . the papers in this volume integrate linguistic data and ethnographic description and demonstrate rich microanalysis while attending to the larger cultural context and to history . while the articles stand on their own as examples of a new synthesis of approaches to the study of linguistic form and social action , we also hope that as a whole this volume will provoke further discussion of the theory and practice of linguistically-oriented anthropology and ethnographically-influenced linguistics . for ordering information , please respond to this email , or visit : http : / / www-personal . umich . edu / ~ jherron / mdia13 . html contents "" introduction "" jennifer dickinson and mandana limbert "" married to dukha : discourse analysis of a newar woman 's narrative of suffering "" laura kunreuther "" the power of the drunk : humor and hegemony in china 's tibet "" char makley "" ritual language and social memory in a chinese secret sworn brotherhood "" jean debernardi "" do you want to go forward ? turn back ! etymology as national defense in the ' new ' europe "" penelope papailias "" sounding country in urbanizing texas : private speech in public discourse "" barbara johnstone "" purity and power : the geography of language ideology in ukraine "" laada bilaniuk "" pearls on the string of the chinese nation : pronouns , plurals , and prototypes in talk about identity "" susan blum "" on the dialogic emergence of ' resistance ' : participation framing and collusion in a prison exit interview "" james herron "" negotiating meaning with the least ( collaborative ) effort "" lesley milroy "" time , not the syllables , must be counted ' : quechua parallelism , word meaning , and cultural analysis "" bruce mannheim
",0
2260,"Subject: review : cook : case grammar applied
 
 walter a . cook . s . j . ( 1998 ) "" case grammar applied "" a publication of the summer institute of linguistics and the university of texas at arlington , 1998 , 271 pages reviewed by tania avgustinova , university of saarland . synopsis the book is intended as a companion volume to "" case grammar theory "" ( 1989 ) by the same author , and is devoted to the application of the model developed in this earlier publication to english text analysis . this in particular means that the main stress of the present work is on methodological issues , which are presented on an extended textual analysis of hamingway 's "" the old man and the sea "" . the actual goal of the discussed monograph is twofold : for the grammar - to present a method for sentence semantics which describes the meaning underlying each simple sentence ; for the lexicon - to present a method for further defining each sense of each verb / predicate in terms of semantic classes ( case-frame - based typology ) . each clause in its underlying structure is reduced to a kernel sentence which is defined as a simple complete active-voice affirmative statement . all texts are reduced to a sequence of kernel sentences the model used is the case grammar matrix model . it presents a clear predicate-argument structure , builds a lexicon which distinguishes various verb senses , and not only describes arguments occurring in the text , but through covert roles , describes implicit arguments . this model is supplemented by the use of conceptual graphs , following sowa ( 1984 ) . each verb type has a generalised conceptual graph to indicate the predicate-argument structure ; and each example in the text contains the canonical graph of that sentence using the verb and nouns as concepts , and case labels as the verb-to - noun relations . the book is organised in the following way . chapter 1 ( pp . 1-54 ) presents the case grammar matrix model in summary form and introduces conceptual graph representation . the next four chapters treat verbs / predicates in four distinguished semantic domains . chapter 2 ( pp . 55-90 ) deals with the basic domain that includes all state , process , and action verbs which use only the agent and object cases . chapter 3 ( pp . 91-126 ) deals with the experiential domain , the domain of sensation , emotion , cognition , and communication . it involves state , process , and action verbs which include an experiencer case in their descriptions . chapter 4 ( pp . 127-42 ) deals with the benefactive domain , the domain of possession and transfer of property , and describes state , process , and action verbs that include a benefactive case . chapter 5 ( pp . 143-82 ) deals with the locative domain , the domain of physical location and movement , and describes state , process , and action verbs that include a locative case . chapter 6 ( pp . 182-220 ) deals with other elements involved in the logical representation of sentences , including tense , aspect , modals , performatives , and negatives , showing how these elements may be included in the logical structure , and ending with a sample sentence parse using case grammar . chapter 7 ( pp . 221-46 ) summarises the analysis of more than 500 examples in chapters 2 through 5 and demonstrates the verbal hierarchy expressed by the twelve cells of the case grammar matrix , organised by verbal domain , verb type , and argument structure . each of the verb types is described together with its conceptual graph , its frequency of occurrence , its subtype , and its defining characteristics . the appendix to the text contains an alphabetical lexicon , listing all of the verbs / predicates in the examples together with their case frames ( pp . 247-52 ) , and a case lexicon , with the verbs sorted by case frame together with references for each verb to the pages where the use of the verb is exemplified ( pp . 253-60 ) . finally , there is a list of references ( pp . 261 - 6 ) , and an index ( pp . 267-71 ) . critical evaluation case grammar ( cg ) works with labelled predicate-argument structure , and thus , in its core , belongs to the dependency grammar paradigm . cg develops a semantic valence system that describes the logical form of a sentence in terms of a central predicate ( usually and typically a lexical verb , but also a predicate adjective , a predicate noun , or a predicate adverb ) and a series of case-labelled arguments ( nominal , adverbial ) required by the meaning of that predicate . so , the type of case considered in the book is ' governed case ' , and in fact , nothing is said about the way cg model would treat ' concordial case ' - cf . , e . g . , blake ( 1994 ) for a detailed discussion of these notions . there is no case concord in english and , hence , the challenges posited by ' concordial case ' are trivially out of the scope of the presented analysis ( which is based exclusively on english data ) . the ambition of the proponents of cg is to develop a semantic interpretation system that is universal across languages , and not tied to the syntax of any particular sentence . on the basis of the presented extensive data analysis it is claimed that the five case labels used in the work ( i . e . agent , object , experiencer , benefactive , and locative ) are necessary and sufficient for the description of all the verbs / predicates in the language ( in this case english ) . the possibility of creating different lists of cases is left open , whereby full translatability is theoretically expected between any consistent list of cases and the one employed in the cg matrix model . both the predicate and its arguments are viewed as concepts ( i . e . the conceptual universe is made up of verbs which describe states or events , and nouns which describe things ) , while the case role labels indicate relations ( which arguments bear to their predicates ) . cg is written in conceptual graph format by placing the concepts ( predicates , arguments ) in boxes and relations ( case roles ) in circles . the arrows in the notation point away from the predicate which is the source of the case relations . an advantage of such an approach is the possibility of defining the default position of the lexical predicate in its case frame , i . e . with respect to the arguments it governs . in the discussed book , a fairly credible ontology of predicators is achieved by hierarchically sorting them according to domain as basic , experiential , benefactive , locative , ( and possibly ) time , and within each domain as state , process , action . further sub-classification of the predicates is based on the number or the position of the arguments . the resulting hierarchical taxonomy is similar to a thesaurus in which all entities are organised into semantic domains . the organisation of the semantic domains is worked out in detail and with precision . the question of case inventory is central to cg , as well as to any theory working with the notion of case . also methodologically , a clear distinction must be made between essential cases , which are required by the meaning of the predicate , and modal case , which are mainly adverbial adjuncts . only essential cases can be used for describing predicates . despite of the lack of universal agreement on the number of case role labels or the way in which they are defined , the author gives a clear step-by step method , accompanied by various concrete tests , how to simplify in practice the case assignment . thus , the labelling is deferred until three basic questions are answered : how many arguments are required by the verb ? what verb type - state , process , or action - is in the structure ? to what semantic domain does the verb belong ? then , the naming of the arguments can be simplified by a set of principles , in combination with a set of tactics for the formation of case frames . within case frames , cases are listed left-to - right according to a subject choice hierarchy ( agent - experiencer - benefactive - object - locative ) which is merely a generalisation covering the unmarked choice . marked choices which violate the subject choice hierarchy are indicated in the lexicon by changing the order of cases in the case frame . possible variations involve "" equatives "" ( in copular constructions ) , regarded in this model as double - object frames in the basic domain , and rank shifts in the subject choice hierarchy . in the lexicon , predicators are classified according to case frames . the case frame is understood as a configuration of one to three cases that are required by the meaning of the verb ( or more generally , the predicate ) . let us remind , however , that , in lexical semantics research , cases are known where the frame would contain up to five slots . a famous example is the verb ' to rent ' ( russian : arendovat ' - cf . apresjan ( 1974 ) p . 134 ) involving the following arguments : ( 1 ) who , ( 2 ) what , ( 3 ) from whom , ( 4 ) for how much , ( 5 ) for how long . special attention is devoted to the possibility of lexicon organisation in terms of derivations intended both to represent linguistic generalisations and to simplify the lexicon ( sections 1 . 13 - 1 . 15 ) . however , the method followed in the work is listing each item separately and supplementing the lexicon with redundancy rules that relate these lexical entries to each other . also , each sense of each predicate is treated as a separate item with its own case frame . in order to set the guidelines for applied cg textual analysis , a concise introduction to the principles of lexical decomposition and to the interpretation of covert case roles is given . lexical decomposition is understood as the process of analysing predicates as consisting of more basic atomic predicates . with some sentences this is unavoidable for determining the actual predicate-argument structure . covert case roles , which are required by the meaning of the predicate , are sometimes ( as in the case of partially covert ( deletable ) case roles ) or always ( as in the case of totally covert ( coreferential and lexicalised ) case roles ) missing in the surface structure . since the cg analysis advocated for in this book maintains the obligatory object hypothesis , covert roles assume greater importance . in all cases where the object role can be sometimes deleted , or can be coreferential with another role , or can be lexicalised into the predicate , a deeper analysis is needed to find the obligatory object . certainly , the lexicalisation of the manifestation of propositional , essential roles is of primary interest in the context of revealing the central predicate in a sentence . the assumption that a predicate , even with covert ( hidden ) case role , has to be defined in terms of its full complement of case roles requires a clear distinction between deletable , coreferential and lexicalised roles . the author offers in this respect not only theoretical background but also concrete tests , procedures and instructions to guide and facilitate practical analysis . two methodological principles are postulated ensuring that all conceptual relations flow from the central verb , and that deletable roles are included in case descriptions . a major asset of the book is , with no doubt , the extensive textual analysis performed with precision , consistency and conformity to the postulated principles and theoretical assumptions . the limits of the approach are realistically recognised by the author , and are stated explicitly in the appropriate places throughout the presentation . the reader will find a well-developed and detailed ontology of predicates , which covers not only verbs but also predicative adjectives , predicative nouns and predicative adverbs . the most important linguistic phenomena are considered in a systematic and easy-to - follow way . this makes the book a valuable guide to a practical sentence analysis , as well as a useful reference material for research purposes and computer applications . references apresjan , jurij d . 1974 : leksicheskaja semantika . sinonimicheskie sredstva jazyka . moskva : nauka blake , barry j . 1994 : case . cambridge textbooks in linguistics . cook , walter a . , s . j . 1989 : case grammar theory . washington , d . c . : georgetown university press . sowa , john f . 1984 : conceptual graphs : information processing in mind and machine . reading , mass . : addison - wesley . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = tania avgustinova , ph . d . computational linguistics , university of saarland postfach 151150 , 66041 saarbruecken , germany tania @ coli . uni-sb . de , http : / / www . coli . uni-sb . de / ~ tania / ( + 49 ) ( 681 ) 302 . 4504 ( phone ) ( + 49 ) ( 681 ) 302 4115 ( secretary ) ( + 49 ) ( 681 ) 302 . 4700 ( fax )
",0
2261,"Subject: intern . journal of the sociology of language ( ijsl ) 133 ( 1998 )
 
 international journal of the sociology of language issue 133 ( 1998 ) americans in europe - a sociolinguistic perspective : probes in northern and western europe edited by gabrielle varro and sally boyd mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this issue looks into the daily lives of americans in europe , the contacts they establish as permanent residents , how they cope with their new languages , whether they maintain english and transmit it to their children , how attitudes and self-perceptions change over time according to national , social , and family contexts . it is a unique attempt to analyze the sociological , historical , political , and linguistic backdrop against which their experience should be understood : whether living as part of the local scenery ( ` mixed ' couples ) or as americans in residence , they are individuals who in some instances are seen to reflect the particular status of the us in the world . contents gabrielle varro and sally boyd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . introduction . probing the background sally boyd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . north americans in the nordic region : elite bilinguals ? sirkku latomaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . english in contact with ` the most difficult language in the world ' : the linguistic situation of americans living in finland elizabeth lanza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . raising children bilingually in norway pierre - don giancarli . . . . . . . . . . equilinguisme ou dominance ? le bilingualisme d ' enfants de couples franco-americains en france et en angleterre gabrielle varro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . does bilingualism survive the second generation ? three generations of french - american families in france susan fries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . different phases : a personal case study in language adjustment and children 's bilingualism david antal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a linguistic odyssey : one family 's experience with language shift and and cultural identity in germany and france anne - sophie perriaux . . . . . . . . . . le qualificatif ` americain ' dans quelques textes francais ( 1975-1990 ) book review _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
",0
2262,"Subject: american journal of germanic linguistics , 10 . 1
 
 the american journal of germanic linguistics , 10 . 1 , has been mailed to subscribers . it contains : articles simplifying latin in notker 's classroom : tradition and innovation by anna a . grotans the future of _ for to _ by elly van gelderen the attributive genitive in early new high german : a semantic analysis by ruth lunt lanouette discussion note some thoughts on konrad koerner 's "" einar haugen as a historian of linguistics "" by tom markey obituary daniel t . brink , jr . ( 1940-1997 ) by karen l . adams & robert bjork review article soziolinguistik or sociolinguistics : can the great divide be bridged ? p . stevenson , ed . , _ the german language and the real world _ reviewed by jennifer dailey - o'cain & rosina lippi - green reviews c . fortmann , _ konstituentenbewegung in der dp - struktur _ reviewed by holden hrtl r . l . lippi - green & j . c . salmons , eds . , _ germanic linguistics _ reviewed by orrin w . robinson l . wright , _ sources of london english _ reviewed by willard james rusch m . clyne , ed . , _ undoing and redoing corpus planning _ reviewed by roland willemyns for more information ( including the toc of 10 . 2 , now in production ) , please visit our web site : http : / / www . germanic . ohio-state . edu / sgp / .
",0
2263,"Subject: call : csdl - 4
 
 call for abstracts the fourth conference on conceptual structure , discourse , and language ( csdl - 4 ) october 10-12 , 1998 emory university atlanta , georgia invited speakers for theme sessions on : - > functional and cognitive approaches to the study of first language acquisition nancy budwig ( clark university ) michael tomasello ( max planck inst . for evolutionary anthropology ) third speaker - - tba - > grammatical constructions : form and function joan bybee ( university of new mexico ) talmy givon ( university of oregon ) brian macwhinney ( carnegie mellon university ) a special poster session on - > discourse and computer - mediated communication will be held during the conference sponsored by the georgia institute of technology ( georgia tech ) . a pre-conference symposium will be held on friday evening , october 9 , on - > primate communication . the following invited speakers will discuss the research they are conducting at the yerkes regional primate research center of emory university : harold gouzoules dario maestripieri susan savage - rumbaugh . what to submit we invite papers which consider functional principles of linguistic organization , and the interaction between language and cognition . priority will be given to papers which examine both the cognitive and discourse functions of linguistic phenomena . specific areas of inquiry at the conference will include , but not be limited to : lexical and grammatical meaning conversational practice form and function discourse analysis conceptual structure iconicity in language metaphor as a cognitive phenomenon language change and grammaticalization language acquisition social interaction and grammar sentence processing we also invite abstracts for the special poster session on discourse and computer - mediated communication ( cmc ) . specific areas of inquiry at the session will include , but not be limited to : cmc as a force in linguistic and cognitive change specialized lexical and typographic registers of cmc emergent communication norms in cmc discourse analysis of cmc discourse styles in the virtual classroom and virtual communities continuities between cmc and other discourse genres gender differences in cmc cmc and nonlinear thinking abstracts for 20 - minutes papers or the special-topic poster session may be a maximum of one page . at the top of the abstract ( if by e-mail ) or on a separate page ( if on paper ) , please include title of paper author name ( s ) and affiliation ( s ) topic area ( from the list above or whatever seems appropriate ) e-mail address paper mailing address submission deadline : abstracts must be received by march 16 , 1998 . where to submit : we strongly prefer e-mail submissions . abstracts for 20 - minute papers for the main session should be e-mailed in ascii form to : < csdl - 4 @ learnlink . emory . edu > . abstracts for the poster session on discourse and cmc should be e-mailed in ascii form to : < wendy @ cc . gatech . edu > . please use "" abstract "" as your subject header . if you are submitting more than one abstract , please e-mail each separately . if you prefer to use regular mail , send four copies of your abstract for the main conference for the poster session on session to : discourse and cmc to : csdl - 4 abstracts poster session abstracts program in linguistics c / o wendy newstetter callaway center 312s edutech institute emory university georgia inst . of technology atlanta , ga 30322 , usa atlanta , ga 30332-0280 , usa inquiries : for more information , visit the conference web site forthcoming in february at < http : / / www . emory . edu / college / linguistics / csdl / > . e-mail inquiries : csdl - 4 @ learnlink . emory . edu chair of the organizing committee : alan cienki e-mail : lanac @ emory . edu phone : 404-727 - 2689
",0
2264,"Subject: cognitive morphology
 
 call for papers cognitive morphology workshop 2 - 4 july 1998 , university of ghent , belgium the belgian cognitive linguistics research group organizes a workshop on cognitive linguistic approaches to morphology . the workshop aims to bring together researchers who work on morphology within a cognitive linguistic framework , or within a framework compatible with the cognitive linguistic approach . the workshop will focus on derivational rather than on inflectional morphology . invited speakers who have so far agreed to attend the workshop include john taylor , david tuggy , and jaap van marle . topics of specific interest include : . polysemy of morphemes . iconicity in derivation and composition . network analyses of morphological productivity . basic morphological categories and typological universals . the interface of storage and computation in morphology . cognitive morphology and related theories . we would like to invite you to contribute to this workshop with a paper . if you want to present an original paper dealing with any aspect of derivation or composition within the framework of cognitive morphology , send an abstact ( max . 300 words ) to the following address : christof . vandeneynde @ rug . ac . be hard copies can be sent to : christof vanden eynde nederlandse taalkunde universiteit gent blandijnberg 2 9000 gent belgium fax : + + 32 / ( 0 ) 9 / 264 . 41 . 70 the deadline for submission of the abstracts is march 1 1998 . potential speakers whose paper has been accepted will be notified before april 1 . in priciple , presentations are limited to 45 minutes ( 30 minutes + 15 minutes discussion ) . the organization of the workshop is supported by the flemish research council ( fwo - vlaanderen ) . for all active participants in the workshop , funding will be available . we cannot yet , however , determine the available sum at this point . in order to achieve maximum interaction during the workshop , the number of participants may have to be restricted . if you intend to attend the workshop without presenting a paper , please inform the organizers before march 1 . if you have any further questions , contact one of the organisers : christof vanden eynde vakgroep nederlandse taalkunde universiteit gent blandijnberg 2 9000 gent belgium tel : + + 32 / ( 0 ) 9 / 264 . 40 . 76 fax : + + 32 / ( 0 ) 9 / 264 . 41 . 70 e-mail : christof . vandeeynde @ rug . ac . be prof . dr . dirk geeraerts departement linguistiek k . u . leuven blijde - inkomststraat 21 b-3000 leuven belgium tel : + + 32 / ( 0 ) 16 / 32 . 48 . 15 fax : + + 32 / ( 0 ) 16 / 324767 e-mail : dirk . geeraerts @ arts . kuleuven . ac . be website : http : / / locutus . arts . kuleuven . ac . be / ling /
",0
2265,"Subject: 2nd flexible hypertext workshop
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the 2nd international flexible hypertext workshop : standards and evaluation held in conjunction with the 7th international world wide web conference ( www7 ) brisbane , australia - - - 14 april 1998 http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / flexht98 / workshop theme : with the explosion of information on the world wide web comes the need to provide more flexible mechanisms for delivering information to the user . that is , we require mechanisms which can modify documents on-the - fly in order to take the user 's needs into account . static hypertext documents suffer from an inability to be all things to all people ; document and multimedia authors must write multiple documents for different users rather than a single document which can dynamically modify its content in order to address a particular user 's knowledge or the context of delivery . this workshop is intended as an inter-disciplinary exploration into flexible hypertext systems . flexible hypertext systems are systems which can present different users with different views of the same hypertext network , or which can dynamically create the hypertext network and the content of the documents at the nodes of that network at run-time . this workshop aims to draw together a number of research groups taking different approaches to flexible hypertext systems , in order to promote the cross-fertilisation of ideas and highlight the prospects for future collaboration . the target research areas include ( but are not limited to ) : - information retrieval and filtering : the use of information retrieval or other techniques to determine the relevance of the nodes within a static hypertext network for the individual user . that is , the content of the documents remain static , but links to other documents are flexible . - adaptive hypertext : the adaptation of an existing hypertext network of documents to a model of the user . that is , providing flexible document content and flexible views of a static hypertext network . - dynamic hypertext : employing text generation or other techniques to dynamically create both the hypertext network and the documents within the network as the user requests them . the hypertext network does not exist in any form ; it is built dynamically . some related events which have been held in the past include : - flexible hypertext workshop , held at the the eighth acm international hypertext conference ( hypertext ' 97 ) . ( http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / ~ mariam / flexht / ) - intelligent educational systems on the world - wide web , held in conjunction with the 8th world conference on artificial intelligence in education ( ai-ed97 ) . ( http : / / www . contrib . andrew . cmu . edu / ~ plb / aied97 _ workshop / ) - workshop on adaptive systems and user modeling on the world wide web , held in conjunction with the sixth international conference on user modeling ( um ' 97 ) . ( http : / / zaphod . cs . uni-sb . de / ~ um97 / ws5 . html ) - workshop on user modelling for information filtering on the world wide web , held in conjunction with the fifth international conference on user modeling ( um ' 96 ) . ( http : / / www . cs . su . oz . au / ~ bob / um96 - workshop . html ) - workshop on adaptive hypertext and hypermedia held in conjunction with the fourth international conference on user modeling ( um ' 94 ) . ( http : / / www . education . uts . edu . au / projects / ah / ah-94 . html ) more information about adaptive hypertext systems can be found at http : / / www . education . uts . edu . au / projects / ah / workshop focus : there has been a significant amount of research in this area over the past five years ( see workshop theme for more information ) , but two recurring issues have become increasingly important , and these will be the focus of this workshop : - standards : with the increasing popularity of the world wide web and the growing market for flexible document delivery systems , we need to develop standards for these systems in order to encourage and facilitate their use more widely on the world wide web . in order to develop such standards it is first important to more clearly define the requirements for such systems : what does it mean for a system to be a flexible , adaptive or dynamic hypertext system ? following on from these requirements , which techniques are important in flexible hypertext systems ? finally , can we design a standard architecture for flexible hypertext systems which can be re-used widely ? - evaluation : one of the key issues which arose from the first flexible hypertext workshop and which has been aired again recently on the adaptive hypertext mailing list is the importance of the evaluation of flexible hypertext systems . in particular , since the main goal of these systems is to maximise the suitability of a document to the user 's knowledge and needs , evaluation is an essential aspect in the development of these systems . however , very little research has been done which confirms the advantages of such systems or which demonstrates how this might be done . workshop format : the workshop will run for one full day on 14 april . the number of attendees will be limited to 20 in order to encourage participation in workshop discussions . participation will be on the basis of submitted position papers or by invitation . the workshop will include a limited number of paper presentations and general group discussions . group discussions will focus on the issues raised in the position papers , as well as on some focus questions . a workshop dinner will also be organised to encourage informal discussion . the programme will include : welcome and introduction workshop sessions consisting of : 1 to 2 position paper presentations ( 15-30 minutes ) , and group discussion on the issues raised ( 30-60 minutes ) closing : planning for post-workshop activities conclusions and wrap - up workshop dinner the proceedings will be compiled into a technical report after the workshop . position papers : we invite position papers describing demonstrated techniques for improving the flexibility of hypertext documents . we are particularly interested in papers which present innovative solutions to providing flexible hypertext documents , and those which address the need for building standard architectures and evaluation techniques for such systems . we are also interested in receiving papers assessing the benefits and downfalls of providing flexible documents , and papers of a more speculative nature which focus on the future of flexible hypertext systems . those aspects of the paper which are important for discussion in the workshop should be clearly outlined in the paper . papers should be 3 - 5 pages long , and should be put up on the web . if you do n't have access to a web server , then some space will be allocated for you . electronic submission of the url address of the position paper will be preferred , although papers submitted as ascii ( html ) or postscript will be accepted . to submit a position paper , send the url address and an ascii version of the paper itself to : mariam @ mpce . mq . edu . au if this is not possible , please send hard copies to : maria milosavljevic csiro mathematical and information sciences locked bag 17 north ryde nsw 2113 australia important dates : 27 february 1998 : submission of position papers 13 march 1998 : notification of acceptance or rejection 27 march 1998 : camera - ready copies due before the workshop , all attendees will be able to access the position papers from the web . we strongly encourage attendees to read these before the workshop . programme committee : maria milosavljevic ( chair ) , macquarie university , australia . peter brusilovsky , carnegie mellon university , usa . robert dale , macquarie university , australia . paul de bra , eindhoven university of technology , the netherlands . kristina hook , swedish institute of computer science , sweden . judy kay , university of sydney , australia . jon oberlander , university of edinburgh , scotland . cecile paris , csiro mathematical and information sciences , australia . julita vassileva , university of saskatchewan , canada for more information : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - maria milosavljevic mri language technology group macquarie university sydney nsw 2113 australia email : mariam @ mpce . mq . edu . au tel : ( + 61 2 ) 9850 6345 fax : ( + 61 2 ) 9850 9529
",0
2266,"Subject: final call : esslli98 - workshop corpus annotation
 
 esslli-98 workshop on recent advances in corpus annotation august 17 - 21 , 1998 a workshop held as part of the 10th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli-98 ) august 17 - 28 , 1998 saarbrueken , germany * * final call for papers * * organizers : hans uszkoreit , brigitte krenn , wojciech skut , thorsten brants ( department of computational linguistics , university of the saarland ) web site : http : / / www . dcs . warwick . ac . uk / ~ esslli98 / workshops . html background : the use of statistical methods and particularly training from annotated corpora has become an important topic in various fields in computational linguistics . currently available corpus resources are rather small except for english , and largely restricted to the annotation of parts-of - speech and phrase structure . the workshop is intended to bring together researchers who create reusable annotation schemes , annotation tools , and corpora for different languages and kinds of language , representing information such as morphology , syntax , semantics , dialoge structure , etc . papers should address some of the following topics : - reusable and extendable annotation schemes , - efficient annotation of large corpora , - current work on annotation tools , - interaction of human annotators and automatic annotation tools , - representation of competence and performance information within annotated corpora , - other related topics . presentations of annotation schemes and corpora for various languages are encouraged , as well as demonstrations of implemented annotation tools . workshop format : the workshop will consist of five sessions of 90 minutes each held over five days . there will be either two or three presentations at each session with time for questions and discussion . submissions : all researchers in the field , but especially ph . d . students and young researchers , are encouraged to submit extended abstracts ( 6 pages , 12pt ) preferably by e-mail and in postscript . on an extra page , the following information should be included : 1 . name , affiliation , address , e-mail of the submitter ( s ) . 2 . an indication which of the themes is / are addressed . 3 . an abstract of the paper . 4 . if applicable , requirements for a demo . e - mail submissions shall be sent to krenn @ coli . uni-sb . de . hard copies shall be sent to : brigitte krenn universitaet des saarlandes computerlinguistik postfach 1150 66041 saarbruecken germany the deadline for submissions is february 15 , 1998 . authors will be notified of acceptance by april 15 , 1998 . final copy for inclusion in the informal workshop proceedings is due may 15 , 1998 . registration : workshop contributors will be required to register for esslli-98 , but they will be elligible for a reduced registration fee . important dates : feb 15 , 98 : deadline for submissions apr 15 , 98 : notification of acceptance may 15 , 98 : deadline for final copy aug 24 , 98 : start of workshop further information : to obtain further information about esslli-98 please visit the esslli-98 home page at http : / / www . coli . uni-sb . de / esslli
",0
2267,"Subject: chinese languages & linguistics - deadline change
 
 the sixth international symposium on chinese languages and linguistics iscll vi many iscll6 participants have expressed their concern over the fact that both iacl - 7 / naccl-10 and iscll6 have chosen 12 / 31 / 1997 as deadline for abstracts . iscll6 organizing committee has thus decided to extend the submission deadline from december 31 , 1997 to january 20 , 1998 . general session - - theoretical and descriptive linguistics on chinese and languages spoken in china theme - - agreement deadline for abstracts - - january 20 , 1998 notification of acceptance - - february 25 , 1998 deadline for full papers - - may 10 , 1998 conference date - - july 14-16 , 1998 conference site - - international academic activities center , academia sinica sponsored by - - institute of linguistics ( preparatory office ) academia sinica institute of history and philology , academia sinica contact - - c . - c . jane tang secretary of organizing committee institute of linguistics ( preparatory office ) academia sinica nankang , taipei , taiwan 115 republic of china tel - - \ 161 \ 207886 - 2-652 - 3127 \ 161d \ 161 \ 207886 - 2-652 - 3179 fax - - \ 161 \ 207886 - 2-652 - 3162 e - mail - - iscll @ gate . sinica . edu . tw
",0
2268,"Subject: dialog ' 98 - - computational linguistics
 
 dialogue ' 98 international workshop on computational linguistics and its applications kazan ( russia ) , may 31 - june 4 , 1998 dear colleagues , we are glad to inform you about dialogue ' 98 , an international annual workshop on computational linguistics and its applications , which will take place this year in may 31 - june 4 , near kazan ( tatarstan , russian federation ) . dialogue ' 98 should become fourth international workshop in row of dialogue ' 95 kazan dialogue ' 96 puschino dialogue ' 97 yasnaya polyana reviving the tradition of the interdisciplinary dialogue seminars which were regular national events in the ussr during 70s - 80s . the workshop is an annual meeting place for a dialogue : a ) between researchers from different fields that are related to computational linguistics ( linguists , computer and cognitive scientists , psychologists , researchers in the artificial intelligence ) ; b ) between researchers from the former ussr and from the international community . topics of interest include ( but are not limited to ) : * theoretical and cognitive linguistics * syntax , semantics , pragmatics and their interaction * systems for natural language processing * dialogue and speech act * problems of natioanl localization of natural language processing * natural language front-ends * natural language understanding and model of object domain * voice interaction with computer * knowledge representation and processing the number of participants is expected about 100 . every prospective attendee is required to submit a short research summary including relevant recent publications , regular and e-mail address , fax and phone numbers . participants who wish to present their work are additionally required to submit a poster ( 3 - 4 double-spaced pages , 6 - 8 kb ) or a full paper ( not exceeding 12 double - spaced pages , 24 kb ) . please send submissions preferably via e-mail ( in plain ascii or uuencoded winword files ) to the aldress of the program committee before march 1 , 1998 . submissions in russian and english are equally accepted . submissions in russian should be accompanied with a short summary in english ( approximately 100-200 words ) . we plan to organize selected english - to - russian and russian - to - english translation of talks . addresses for all correspondence : e-mail : dialog98 @ bull . nmd . msu . ru snail mail : dialogue ' 98 russian instititue for artificial intelligence p . o . box 111 , moscow , 103001 , russia . important dates : deadline for submission : march 1 , 1998 notification of acceptance : march 20 , 1998 final paper due : march 30 , 1998 in the field of computational linguistics in russia the dialogue workshops became regular annual events which attract leading researchers from the former ussr as well as other countries . we hope that dialogue ' 98 will continue this tradition . program committee : alexander s . narin ' yani , program chair ( russian institute of artificial intelligence ) christian boitet ( grenoble university ) rais . g . bukharajev ( kazan state university ) ilya n . gorelov ( saratov state university ) alexander e . kibrik ( moscow state university ) igor a . mel ' chuk ( montreal university ) sergei nirenburg ( new - mexico state university ) haldur oim ( tartu university ) dmitrij a . pospelov ( computer center of russian academy of sciences ) secretariate : natalya i . laufer , ( russian institute of artificial intelligence ) olga . v . fedorova , ( moscow state university ) organizing committee : rais . g . bukharajev ( kazan state university ) - the chairman djavdet sulejmanov ( kazan state university ) - the vice - chairman il 'd us hajbullin ( tatarstan academy of science ) nail ' zamov ( kazan state university ) information for contacts in kazan : 420008 tatarstan , kazan kremlevskaja str . , 35 kazan state university , vmk faculty , djavdet sulejmanov email : djavdet . suleymanov @ ksu . ru tel . / fax : ( 843 - 2 ) 38-75 - 91 if you have questions about the workshop , please send e-mail letters to the above-mentioned addresses . please , share this information letter with people you think it may concern .
",0
2269,"Subject: the native tongue
 
 call for papers university of paris 7 - denis diderot 19-21 march 1999 international conference the native tongue / la langue maternelle deadline for receipt of abstracts : 30 may 1998 invited speakers : henri meschonnic , regine robin , rachel ertel , stella baruk , charles melman , morris halle , antoine culioli , claire blanche - benveniste abstracts are invited for 30 - minute talks on any sociolinguistic , psycholinguistic or psychoanalytic aspect of the relationship of speakers to the mother tongue , whether in a multicultural-multilingual setting or in a context of language substitution , language attrition , language loss or language revival . the role of language in the structuring of the self will also be considered . papers may be presented in french or in english authors are asked to send : * four ( 4 ) copies of an anonymous abstract * one additional camera-ready copy with the author 's name and affiliation ( to be published in the hand-book if the paper is accepted for presentation ) . abstracts should be no more than one page ( a4 or letter size ) in length , with an additional page for references if necessary . please include one more page containing : * the title of the paper * the name and affiliation of the author ( s ) , * the primary author 's postal address , e-mail address , telephone number , and fax number . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - new : we have decided to accept electronic submissions provided you use word 5 or 6 for mac or pc - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - papers presented at the conference will be published in the form of a special issue of a major french journal ( negociations are underway ) and presentation implies consent to such publication . all abstracts should be sent to : marina yaguello / cyril veken ufr d ' etudes anglophones , universite paris vii 10 , rue charles v 75004 paris , france requests for information ( e mail only ) should be addressed to maya @ paris7 . jussieu . fr < marina yaguello > or veken @ paris7 . jussieu . fr < cyril veken > our web site is now open and will be updated regularly http : / / www . charlesv . cicrp . jussieu . fr / charlesv / colloc _ chv / maternel . html schedule : submission of abstracts : 30 may 1998 notification of acceptance : 30 september 1998 final camera ready copy due : 1 february 1999
",0
2270,"Subject: 2nd announcement isb2
 
 2nd international symposium on bilingualism 14-17 april , 1999 university of newcastle upon tyne , uk keynote speakers michael clyne ( monash ) francois grosjean ( neuchatel ) monica heller ( oise , toronto ) carol myers scotton ( south carolina ) colloquia 1 . cross - linguistic studies of language acquisition ( marilyn m . vihman : m . vihman @ bangor . ac . uk and ginny mueller gathercole : v . c . gathercole @ bangor . ac . uk ) 2 . bilingual cognitive processing ( david green : ucjtdg @ ucl . ac . uk ) 3 . input in bilingual acquisition ( annick de houwer : vhouwer @ uia . ua . ac . be and elizabeth lanza : elizabeth . lanza @ ilf . uio . no ) 4 . neurolinguistics and acquired communication disorders in bilinguals ( franco fabbro and nick miller : nicholas . miller @ ncl . ac . uk ) 5 . sign bilingualism ( clare gallaway : gallaway @ fs1 . ed . man . ac . uk ) 6 . grammar and codeswitching ( jeanine treffers - daller : j-treffersdaller @ wpg . uwe . ac . uk , ad backus : backus @ ling . ucsd . edu and jacomine nortier : jacomine . nortier @ let . ruu . nl ) 7 . sociolinguistics of bilingual interaction ( ben rampton : ben . rampton @ tvu . ac . uk , mukul saxena : m . saxena @ ucrysj . ac . uk and li wei : li . wei @ ncl . ac . uk ) 8 . trilingualism and trilinguals ( charlotte hoffman : c . hoffman @ mod . lang . salford . ac . uk ) round - table bilingualism and communication disorders : implications for speech & language therapy ( chair : deirdre martin : martinm @ edusrv1 . bham . ac . uk ) invitation to participants submissions are invited for oral or poster presentations , on all aspects of bilingualism . papers which are based on empirical research and which seek to forge new links between established fields ( e . g . linguistics , psychology , speech & language pathology , sociology , and education ) or to develop new sub-fields are particularly welcome . contributors to the colloquia and round-table should contact the organisers informally as indicated above . all submissions will be peer-reviewed , anonymously , and selected on the grounds of originality , clarity , and significance of findings and conclusions . submission of abstracts each submission should include : 1 ) a cover sheet containing ( a ) the author ( s ) name ( s ) ; ( b ) address ( including telephone number , e-mail and fax , if available ) ; ( c ) affiliation ; ( d ) the title of the presentation ; ( e ) the category of the submission ( oral presentation at parallel session or poster presentation ) ; and ( f ) equipment required for presentation ; and 2 ) three copies of an abstract of no more than 500 words . only hard-copies are considered ( no e-mails pleases ) . abstracts should be sent , by 31 august , 1998 , to : mrs gillian cavagan , isb organising committee , department of speech , university of newcastle upon tyne , ne1 7ru , uk , fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 191 222 6518 , from whom further details may also be obatined ( e - mail : gillian . cavagan @ newcastle . ac . uk ) . important dates : 31 january , 1998 : 2nd announcement 30 august , 1998 : deadline for submission of abstract 31 october , 1998 : notice of acceptance 1 january , 1999 : closing date for registration preparations for presentation each oral presentation should not exceed 20 minutes . it will be followed by 5 minutes discussion . while we cannot predict the size of the audience in parallel sessions at this stage , you are asked to prepare at least 50 copies of any materials you wish to hand out in support of your presentation . audio - visual materials will need to be suitable for use in a large lecture theatre . ohp will be available in all rooms . other equipment can be arranged by advanced written request . video tapes should be in pal system . we may ask some of the presenters to submit a full written copy of their paper in advance for sign language translation . instructions on poster presentation will be sent to you at a later date .
",0
2271,"Subject: 2nd cfp : ijhcs special issue
 
 call for papers the international journal of human - computer studies will publish a special issue on the theme collaboration , cooperation and conflict in dialogue systems = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = this special issue is devoted to theoretical and empirical studies of cooperation and collaboration in dialogue systems , addressing problems specific to dialogue management . it is associated with the workshop on the same theme held at ijcai-97 in nagoya but seeks submissions from all researchers who have been working on the topic , not just the workshop participants . work on autonomous cooperative systems has shown the importance of collaboration in different domains : besides collaborating with users to provide requested information and to solve their problems , the systems should also be able to collaborate with other specialist intelligent systems ( as in multi-agent infrastructures , for example ) . also , research in natural language dialogue has brought new insights about collaboration : how mutual belief is established in dialogue ( and , consequently , task ) fulfillment , as well as how to cooperate to enable successful communication between the conversants . the notions of cooperation and collaboration are closely related to each other , but likely not the same : cooperation is one of the design principles for dialogue systems , but such systems do not necessarily collaborate with the user . to what degree is cooperation necessary for collaboration and how does it appear in dialogue ? cooperation turns into benevolence if the agent attempts to fulfill the partner 's goals without questioning their contextual relevance , but this is not necessarily collaboration . on the other hand , if the agents pursue their own goals without considering those of their partners or the joint task , their actions can hardly be described as cooperative or collaborative . this special issue concentrates on human-human and human-computer communication , and on the ways cooperation and collaboration are manifested in these situations : how the partners jointly construct dialogue acts , infer non-explicitly expressed intentions , negotiate appropriate references , generate cooperative answers , co-produce utterances , give feedback , help each other in task achievement , etc . since collaboration and cooperation are also related to conflict situations , arising from misunderstandings , erroneous perception , partial knowledge , false beliefs , etc . , submissions that examine how cooperation and collaboration work in solving conflicts , and how the partners negotiate to reach a mutually acceptable resolution are also welcome . we encourage submissions on different aspects of cooperation and collaboration , addressing especially one or more of the following research issues : - how can we define "" collaborative dialogues "" ? are all dialogues collaborative ? how do corpus studies back up the classification ? - what kind of individual commitments are needed for collaboration ? how do social settings ( roles , acquaintance ) affect communication and collaboration ? how are these commitments and settings represented in a dialogue model ? - what is the role of cooperation in collaborative dialogue ? can collaborative activity include benevolent or uncooperative behaviour ? does collaboration require sincerity ( e . g . , can cheating be collaborative ) ? - how does collaboration contribute to conflict resolution and recovery from misunderstandings ? how can costs and benefits of collaboration be measured ? - how is collaboration and cooperation related to task performance ? what mechanisms are needed to combine collaborative task plans with dialogue contributions ? - how can cooperation / collaboration principles and mechanisms be expressed in formal , computational models of communication or interaction ? how can these models be implemented ? - is collaboration the main issue to problems in dialogue management ? what are the solutions , future research problems ? both theoretical and more practically oriented papers are welcome , but we encourage papers that provide real-world examples of collaboration , cooperation and conflict , and compare multiple ways of addressing the problems that arise . submission of papers full paper submissions to the special issue should be in the ijhcs format . information for the ijhcs authors can be found at : http : / / ksi . cpsc . ucalgary . ca / ijhcs / ijhcs _ ia . html to help to coordinate the review process , authors who intend to submit are asked to send a short statement of intention to submit to david sadek one month prior the deadline . the deadline for submissions is march 16 . submissions should preferably be sent as postscript files by email to : david . sadek @ cnet . francetelecom . fr if this is not possible , send six ( 6 ) hardcopies to david sadek at the address : david sadek france telecom cnet - dih technopole anticipa - 2 , avenue pierre marzin 22307 lannion cedex - france in either case , the authors should also send a separate electronic title and abstract page ( in plain text format ) to david . sadek @ cnet . francetelecom . fr the submissions will undergo the usual ijhcs reviewing process taking into account the requirements of the special issue . each paper will be reviewed by 3 reviewers who are members of the scientific board . authors of submitted papers will also be asked to act as referees for other submissions . the reviewers will judge the submissions primarily along the following dimensions : relevance , significance , originality , clarity , technical soundness , and overall quality of presentation . important dates november 1997 call for papers february 16 statement of intent to submit march 16 submission deadline june 15 notification of acceptance august 15 final papers due special issue editors : kristiina jokinen atr , japan kjokinen @ itl . atr . co . jp david sadek france telecom , cnet , france david . sadek @ cnet . francetelecom . fr david r . traum university of maryland , usa traum @ cs . umd . edu special issue scientific board : james allen , university of rochester , usa jens allwood , university of g \ "" { o } teborg , sweden michael baker , university lyon ii , france jennifer chu - carroll , bell laboratories , usa patrick healey , atr , japan graeme hirst , university of toronto , canada masato ishizaki , ntt , japan karen lochbaum , us west , usa susan mcroy , university of wisconsin - milwaukee , usa david novick , eurisco , france candace sidner , lotus development corporation , usa more information : updated information on the special issue as well as the ijcai workshop is available at : http : / / www . cs . umd . edu / ~ traum / cccinds / general information on ijhcs is available at : http : / / ksi . cpsc . ucalgary . ca / ijhcs
",0
2272,"Subject: acl workshop on translingual information management
 
 acl / coling-98 workshop on translingual information management current levels and future abilities august 16 , 1998 ( following acl / coling-98 ) university of montreal , montreal ( quebec , canada ) call for papers description - - - - - - - - - - the development of natural language applications which handle multi-lingual and multi-modal information is the next major challenge facing the field of computational linguistics . over the past 50 years , a variety of language-related capabilities has been developed in areas such as machine translation , information retrieval , and speech recognition , together with core capabilities such as information extraction , summarization , parsing , generation , multimedia planning and integration , statistics-based methods , ontologies , lexicon construction and lexical representations , and grammar . the next few years will require the extension of these technologies to encompass multi-lingual and multi-modal information . extending current technologies will require integration of the various capabilities into multi-functional natural language systems . however , there is today no clear vision of how these technologies could or should be assembled into a coherent framework . what would be involved in connecting a speech recognition system to an information retrieval engine , and then using machine translation and summarization software to process the retrieved text ? how can traditional parsing and generation be enhanced with statistical techniques ? what would be the effect of carefully crafted lexicons on traditional information retrieval ? this workshop is a follow-on to an nsf - sponsored workshop held in conjunction with the first international conference on language resources and evaluation in granada , spain ( may 1998 ) , at which an international panel of invited experts will consider these questions in an attempt to identify the most effective future directions of computational linguistics research - - especially in the context of the need to handle multi-lingual and multi-modal information . the follow-on acl workshop is intended to open the discussion to the computational inguistics community as a whole . the workshop will include ample time for discussion . a report summarizing the discussions at granada will be available before the acl workshop . topics - - - - - the workshop will focus on the following fundamental questions : 1 . what is the current level of capability in each of the major areas of the field dealing with language and related media of human communication ? 2 . how can ( some of ) these functions be integrated in the near future , and what kind of systems will result ? 3 . what are the major considerations for extending these functions to handle multi-lingual and multi-modal information , particularly in integrated systems of the type envisioned in ( 2 ) ? in particular , we will consider these questions in relation to the following areas : o multi-lingual resources ( lexicons , ontologies , corpora , etc . ) o information retrieval , especially cross-lingual and cross-modal o machine translation o automated ( cross-lingual ) summarization and information extraction o multimedia communication , in conjunction with text o evaluation and assessment techniques for each of these areas o methods and techniques ( both statistics-based and linguistics - based ) of pre-parsing , parsing , generation , information acquisition , etc . we invite submissions which report on work in these areas . all papers should clearly identify how the work addresses the issues and questions outlined above . submissions - - - - - - - - - - only hard-copy submissions will be accepted . authors should submit six ( 6 ) copies of the full-length paper ( 3500-5000 words ) . submissions should be sent to : nancy ide department of computer science vassar college 124 raymond avenue poughkeepsie , new york 12604-0520 usa style files and templates for preparing submissions can be found at http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / styles . html the official language of the conference is english . important deadlines - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - submission deadline : march 23 , 1998 notification date : may 15 , 1998 camera ready copy due : june 15 , 1998 scientific committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - charles fillmore university of california berkeley , usa robert frederking carnegie mellon university , usa ulrich heid ( tentative ) university of stuttgart , germany eduard hovy information sciences institute , usa nancy ide vassar college , usa lauri karttunen ( tentative ) rank xerox research , france kimmo koskenniemi ( tentative ) university of helsinki , finland mun kew leong national university of singapore joseph mariani limsi / cnrs , france mark maybury the mitre corporation , usa sergei nirenburg ( tentative ) new mexico state university , usa akitoshi okumura ( tentative ) nec , japan martha palmer university of pennsylvania , usa james pustejovsky brandeis university , usa peter schaueble eth , switzerland oliviero stock irst , italy felisa verdejo uned , spain piek vossen university of amsterdam , netherlands wolfgang wahlster dfki , germany organizers - - - - - - - - - robert frederking , carnegie mellon university , usa eduard hovy , isi , university of southern california , usa nancy ide , vassar college , usa information - - - - - - - - - - information on the workshop can be found at http : / / www . cs . vassar . edu / ~ ide / translingual . html inquiries may be addressed to the organizers : robert frederking < ref @ nl . cs . cmu . edu > eduard hovy < hovy @ isi . edu > nancy ide < ide @ cs . vassar . edu >
",0
2273,"Subject: 6th international symposium on social communication - - cuba
 
 sixth international symposium on social communication santiago de cuba january 25-28 , 1999 the applied linguistics center of ministry of science , technology and environment in santiago de cuba , sponsored by the linguists association of cuba , the santiago de cuba higher institute for the medical sciences and the university of oriente , is pleased to announce the sixth international symposium on social communication to be held in santiago de cuba , january 25-28 , 1999 . this international event will focus on social communication processes from the points of view of applied linguistics , computational linguistics , cybernetics , medicine and the mass media . papers and posters will be discussed at workshops within the framework of the following disciplines : 1 . applied linguistics spanish and foreign languages teaching , translations , scientific terminology , sociolinguistics , psycholinguistics , phonetics . papers related to ethnology , folklore and other aspects of social communication will also be admitted under this field . international workshop : lexicological and lexicographic researchs . 2 . computational linguistics this symposium will discuss work on software design related to : lexicological , lexicographic and grammatical research . the compilation of automated monolingual , bilingual and phraseological dictionaries . other uses of computational linguistics . international workshop : automatic tagging of textual corpora . 3 . voice processing artificial intelligence applied to voice analysis , synthesis and recognition . signal processing . artificial intelligence . different type of hardware and software and their use in the devising and developing of voice-processing equipment . voice - processing equipment . their use in informatics , acoustic analysis , and as aid for the hearing and sight impaired . voice - processing research related to "" cry analysis "" . 4 . medical specialties related to pathological processes which use speech and voice analysis . presentations on research results showing the effects of the use of words and communication for the treatment of various illnesses . interdisciplinary treatment of logophoniatric patients with vocal tract disorders . results of investigations related to diagnoses of central nervous system diseases through the cry analysis method . international workshop : prespeech development and language acquisition . 5 . mass media language in the mass media . other aspects of interest santiago de cuba , located at some 900 kms from havana , is cuba 's second largest city due to its economic , cultural and social importance . santiago is also the capital of the province with the same name . surrounded by the green mountains of the sierra maestra range and the caribbean sea , santiago is unique in its geography and beautiful landscape . its surroundings make the city one of the most important touristic attractions on the entire island . the organizing committee , in coordination with the city 's tourist agencies will offer visiting delegates a host of options allowing participants to enjoy the city 's beauty and charm . important reminders june 30 , 1998 : submission of summaries september 1th , 1998 : deadline for paper and reports january 25-28 1999 : sixth international symposium all mail or enquiries should be addressed to : dr . eloina miyares bermudez secretaria ejecutiva comite organizador apartado postal 4067 . vista alegre santiago de cuba 4 , cuba , 90400 telefonos : ( 53-226 ) 42760 , ( 53-226 ) 41081 fax : ( 53-226 ) 41579 e - mail : leonel @ lingapli . ciges . inf . cu home page : http : / / wwwseti . cs . utwente . nl / parlevink / cuba . also at : http : / / www . univ-tlse 2 . fr / gril / cuba . html official languages : spanish and english . inscription fee : $ 130 . 00 usd companions $ 70 . 00 usd
",0
2274,"Subject: a workshop on text , speech and dialog ( tsd ' 98 )
 
 first announcement and call for papers a workshop on text , speech and dialog ( tsd ' 98 ) brno , czech republic , 23-26 september 1998 the workshop is organized by the faculty of informatics , masaryk university , brno , and the faculty of applied sciences , university of west bohemia , pilsen , under the auspices of the dean of the faculty of informatics of masaryk university . please visit the workshop 's homepage : http : / / www . fi . muni . cz / tsd98 / venue brno , czech republic topics tsd ' 98 will be concerned with topics in the field of natural language processing , in particular : - corpora , texts and transcription - speech analysis , recognition and synthesis - their intertwining within nl dialog systems . topics of the workshop will include ( but are not limited to ) : - text corpora and tagging - transcription problems in spoken corpora - sense disambiguation - links between text and speech oriented systems - parsing issues , especially parsing problems in spoken texts - multilingual issues , especially multilingual dialog systems - information retrieval and text / topic summarization - speech modeling - speech segmentation - speech recognition - text - to-speech synthesis - dialog systems - development of dialog strategies - assistive technologies based on speech and dialog - applied systems and software program committee baudoin genevieve ( france ) ferencz attila ( romania ) hanks patrick ( great britain , chair ) hermansky hynek ( usa ) kopecek ivan ( czech republic ) matousek vaclav ( czech republic ) mueller johannes ( germany ) noeth elmar ( germany ) pala karel ( czech republic ) pavesic nikola ( slovenia ) schukat - talamazzini e . guenter ( germany ) skrelin pavel ( russia ) organizing committee bartek ludek batusek robert komarkova dana ( secretary ) e-mail : dkomar @ fi . muni . cz kopecek ivan ( chair ) e-mail : kopecek @ fi . muni . cz matousek vaclav pala karel smrz pavel staudek jan zackova eva ( principal contact ) e-mail : glum @ fi . muni . cz zizka jan submission of papers abstracts of no more than 500 words [ plain ascii text only , please ] should be submitted to the following e-mail address on or before may 15 , 1998 : glum @ fi . muni . cz submissions should include , in addition to the abstract itself , the name of the author ( s ) , affiliation , address , telephone number , fax number , and e-mail address . electronic submissions will be acknowledged by e-mail , so please contact us if no acknowledgement is received . acceptance of submissions will likewise be notified by e-mail . accepted papers will be published in the proceedings of tsd ' 98 . authors of abstracts that are accepted will be requested to send their papers in postscript form ( in llncs format ) to the above by e-mail before august 17th . latex word processor is preferred but not required . format instructions ( and llncs latex format ) will be sent to authors together with the notification of acceptance . requests for participation will be processed on a "" first come first served "" basis . important dates friday , may 15 , 1998 . . . . . submissions of abstracts due tuesday , june 30 , 1998 . . . . . notification of acceptance sent to the authors monday , august 17 , 1998 . . . . . final papers ( camera ready ) due wednesday , september 23 , 1998 . . . . . . workshop date fees and costs registration fee : 80 . - usd ( includes proceedings , refreshments , social events and trip ) accommodation and food : double room ( shared with other participant ) : 130 . - usd single room : 190 . - usd the full cost of the workshop will therefore be either 210 , - usd or 270 , - usd , depending on whether accommodation is shared . further details will be announced later . official language the official language of the event will be english , but papers on issues relating to text and speech processing in languages other than english are strongly encouraged . address all correspondence regarding the workshop should be addressed to : dana komarkova faculty of informatics masaryk university botanicka 68a 60200 brno czech republic tel . : + 420 5 41 512 359 fax : e-mail : dkomar @ fi . muni . cz outline of the programme all sessions of the workshop will be plenary ( no parallel sessions ) . the format will consist of paper presentations ( generally 20 minutes ) followed by discussion ( 10 minutes ) . the workshop will also include social events , an excursion to the faculty of informatics , masaryk university brno , and a trip in the vicinity of brno ( the moravian karst , including the beautiful macocha chasm ) . location hotel myslivna , where the workshop will take place , is a comfortable hotel in beautiful woods on a hill near a natural reservation area very close to brno . the surrounding is very quiet and suitable for walks and hiking ( jogging ) routes . brno is the capital of moravia , which is in the south-east part of the czech republic . it is the second-largest town in the czech republic ( with a population of about half a million ) . it had been a royal city since 1347 . there are six universities in brno . historical and artistic places of interest include : - - brno castle ( now called spilberk ) - - veveri castle - - the old and new city halls - - the augustine monastery , with st thomas ' church and crypt of moravian margraves - - the church of st james - - the "" bishops ' church "" of st peter & st paul - - the famous villa tugendhadt , designed by mies van der rohe - - many other important examples of czech architecture between the wars ( 1918-38 ) . in the immediate surroundings of brno are the moravian karst . with macocha chasm and punkva caves ; the site of the "" battle of the three emperors "" ( napoleon , alexander of russia , and franz of austria ) , commonly known as the battle of austerlitz ; the chateau of slavkov ( austerlitz ) ; pernstejn castle ; and many other attractions . how to reach brno brno can be reached easily by direct trains from prague , vienna , bratislava , and budapest , or by plane to vienna and then by coach or train ( 130 km ) . another possibility is to go by plane to prague and then travel about 200 km by coach or train . further travel details will be given in future announcements . ivan kopecek kopecek @ fi . muni . cz http : / / www . fi . muni . cz / ~ kopecek /
",0
2275,"Subject: multidisciplinary colloquium on rules and rule - following
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * second call for papers extended deadline : march 15 , 1998 we are happy to announce a conference and workshop on multidisciplinary colloquium on rules and rule - following : philosophy , linguistics and psychology between april 30 - may 1 - 2 , 1998 at janus pannonius university pecs , hungary keynote speakers : philosophy : gyorgy kampis , lorand eotvos university , budapest kuno lorenz , universitat des saarlandes , saarbrucken , germany linguistics : pierre - yves raccah , idl - cnrs , paris hubert cuyckens , university of antwerp , belgium psychology : csaba pleh , lorand eotvos university , budapest john stewart , idl - crns , paris organizing committee : laszlo tarnay ( dept . of philosophy , janus pannonius university , pecs ) laszlo i . komlosi ( dept . of english , janus pannonius university , ( pecs ) andras bocz ( dept . of english , janus pannonius university , pecs ) e-mail : tarnay @ btk . jpte . hu ; komlosi @ btk . jpte . hu ; bocz @ btk . jpte . hu advisory board : gabor forrai ( budapest ) gyorgy kampis ( budapest ) mike harnish ( tucson ) andras kertesz ( debrecen ) kuno lorenz ( saarbruecken ) pierre - yves raccah ( paris ) janos s . petofi ( macerata ) aims and scopes : the main aim of the conference is to bring together scholars from the field of cognitive linguistics , philosophy and psychology to investigate the concept of rule and to address various aspects of rule-following . ever since wittgenstein formulated in philosophical investigations his famous 201 concerning a kind of rule-following which is not an interpretation , the concept of rule has become a key but elusive idea in almost every discipline and approach . and not only in the human sciences . no wonder , since without this idea the whole edifice of human ( and possibly all other kinds of ) rationality would surely collapse . with the rise of cognitive science , and especially the appearance of connectionist models and networks , however , the classical concept of rule is once again seriously contested . to put it very generally , there is an ongoing debate between the classical conception in which rules appear as a set of formularizable initial conditions or constraints on external operations linking different successive states of a given system ( algorithms ) and a dynamic conception in which there is nothing that could be correlated with a prior idea of internal well-formedness of the system 's states . the debate centers on the representability of rules : either they are conceived of as meta-representations , or they are mere faon de parler concerning the development of complex systems . idealizable on the one hand , while token-oriented on the other . something to be implemented on the one hand , while self-controlling , backpropagational processing , on the other . there is however a common idea that almost all kinds of rule-conceptions address : the problem of learning . this idea reverberates from wittgensteinian pragmatics to strategic non-verbal and rule-governed speech behavior , from perceiving similarities to mental processing . here are some haunting questions : - how do we acquire knowledge if there are no regularities in the world around us ? - but how can we perceive those regularities ? - and how do we reason on the basis of that knowledge if there are no observable constraints on infererring ? - but if there are , where do they come from and how are they actually implemented mentally ? - and finally : how do we come to act rationally , that is , in accordance with what we have perceived , processed and inferred . we are interested in all ways of defining rules and in all aspects of rule following , from the definition of law , rule , regularity , similarity and analogy to logical consequence , argumentational and other inferences , statistical and linguistic rules , practical and strategic reasoning , pragmatic and praxeological activities . we expect contribution from the following research fields : game-theory , action theory , argumentation theory , cognitive science , linguistics , philosophy of language , epistemology , pragmatics , psychology and semiotics . we would be happy to include some contributions from natural sciences such as neuro-biology , physiology or brain sciences . the conference is organized in three major sections : philosophy , psychology and linguistics with six keynote lectures . then contributions of 30 minutes ( 20 for paper and 10 for discussion ) will follow . we also plan to organize a workshop at the end of each section abstracts : abstracts should be one-page ( maximum 23 lines ) specifying area of contribution and the particular aspect of rule-following to be addressed . abstracts should be sent by e-mail to : tarnay @ btk . jpte . hu or bocz @ btk . jpte . hu . hard copies of abstracts may be sent to : laszlo tarnay department of philosophy janus pannonius university , ifjusag utja 6 , h-7624 pecs , hungary important dates : deadline for submission : march 15 , 1998 notification of acceptance : march 25 , 1998 conference : april 30 - may 1 - 2 , 1998 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * for those concerned there is a follow-up philosophical colloquium : john mcdowell : mind and world - kant in analytic philosophy which discusses mcdowell 's recent book : mind and world . among would-be participants are barry allen , michael williams and robert brandon . if interested , contact prof . janos boros , dept . of philosophy , janus pannonius university . e-mail : boros @ btk . jpte . hu
",0
2276,"Subject: third utrecht biannual phonology workshop
 
 workshop announcement and call for abstracts third utrecht biannual phonology workshop rene kager & wim zonneveld utrecht institute of linguistics : ots organisers 11-13 june 1998 theme : typology and language acquisition invited speakers : bruce hayes ( ucla ) and joe pater ( ubc ) deadline for abstracts : 1 march 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = it is a standard assumption that the striking structural resemblances between human languages are explained from the common starting point : u . g . the study of the striking resemblances ( and range of differences ) is called ` typology ' . the direct study of the common starting point is that of ` first language acquisition ' . since the introduction of so-called ` constraint-based theories ' , the field of typology and language acquisition is a candidate for a redefinition of its contents and its goals . questions that can be raised inlcude the following : - what is the nature of the common starting point ? is it an unstructured pool of constraints , where the process of language acquisition consists of providing structure ? is it highly structured ( is there a common completely ` unmarked ' , but structured ) point of departure ) , where language acquisition consists of adding markedness ? - is the learning task larger ( although not necessarily more difficult ) than previously imagined ? - to what extent is learning guided by factors of markedness that have an extralinguistic source , e . g . , production and / or perception factors ? - is the methodological process of excluding impossible languages different in constraint-based theories , and if so , how ? - is it possible to imagine combined theories of constraints and traditional parameters , both in the area of ( adult ) typology and language acquisition ? = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = abstracts are requested to have a length of 800 words ( references incl . ) . they will be judged according to the following priority scale : - integration of acquisitional and typology issues - acquisitional issues - typological issues any queries : rene . kager @ let . ruu . nl wim . zonneveld @ let . ruu . nl trans 10 3512 jk utrecht the netherlands fax : 31-30 - 2536000
",0
2277,"Subject: 2nd call for papers : emnlp3
 
 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 2nd call for papers : deadline march 2 , 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = third conference on empirical methods in natural language processing ( emnlp - 3 ) when : tuesday , june 2 , 1998 ( following the first international conference on language resources and evaluation and the nsf workshop on translingual information management ) where : granada , spain conference description : in the spirit of sigdat events , this conference will offer a general forum for novel research in corpus-based and statistical natural language processing . areas of interest include ( but are not limited to ) : - robust parsing , phrase structure analysis - part of speech tagging - term and name identification - word sense disambiguation - morphological analysis - anaphora resolution - event categorization - discourse structure identification - alignment of parallel texts and bilingual terminology - language modelling - lexicography - machine translation - spelling and grammar correction in addition , we encourage submissions that describe and evaluate the strengths , weaknesses , and recent advances in corpus-based nlp as applied to multi-lingual applications . the development of natural language applications which handle multi-lingual information is the next major challenge facing the field of computational linguistics . how well do techniques for lexical tagging , parsing , anaphora resolution , etc . , handle the specific problems of multi-lingual applications ? what new methods have been developed to address the deficiencies of existing algorithms for these tasks or to address problems specific to handling multi-lingual applications ? what problems still lack an adequate empirical solution ? conversely , how can data-driven nlp methods be improved with the help of multi-lingual data ? program chairs : nancy ide vassar college ( chair ) atro voutilainen university of helsinki ( co-chair ) program committee : steven abney , university of tuebingen , germany susan armstrong , issco , geneva , switzerland pascale fung , hong kong univ . of science and technology , hong kong gregory grefenstette , xerox research centre europe , france ed hovy , usc / isi , usa dan jurafsky , university of colorado , boulder , usa kimmo koskenniemi , university of helsinki , finland hwee tou ng , dso national laboratories , singapore kemal oflazer , bilkent university , turkey peter schauble , eth zentrum , switzerland keh yih su , national tsing - hua university , taiwan dan tufis , romanian academy of sciences , romania evelyne viegas , new mexico state university , usa sponsor : sigdat ( acl 's special interest group for linguistic data and corpus-based approaches to nlp ) format for submission : authors should submit a full-length paper ( 3500-8000 words ) either electronically or in hardcopy . electronic submissions should be mailed to "" emnlp3 @ cs . vassar . edu "" and must either be ( a ) plain ascii text or ( b ) a single postscript file ( us letter format ) . hardcopy submissions should be mailed to nancy ide ( address below ) , and should include six ( 6 ) copies of the paper . requirements : papers should describe original work . a paper accepted for presentation cannot be presented or have been presented at any other meeting . papers submitted to other conferences will be considered , as long as this fact is clearly indicated in the submission . schedule : submission deadline : monday , march 2 , 1998 notification date : friday , april 3 , 1998 camera - ready copy due : friday may 1 , 1998 conference date : tuesday , june 2 contacts : nancy ide , chair department of computer science vassar college 124 raymond avenue poughkeepsie , new york 12604-0520 usa tel : ( + 1 914 ) 437 5988 fax : ( + 1 914 ) 437 7498 e - mail : ide @ cs . vassar . edu atro voutilainen research unit for multilingual language technology department of general linguistics p . o . box 4 ( keskuskatu 8 , 7th floor ) fin-00014 university of helsinki finland tel : ( + 358 9 ) 191 23 507 fax : ( + 358 9 ) 191 23 598 e - mail : atro . voutilainen @ ling . helsinki . fi further information : http : / / www . cs . vassar . edu / ~ ide / emnlp3 . html http : / / www . cs . jhu . edu / ~ yarowsky / sigdat . html
",0
2278,"Subject: call for papers : konvens98
 
 first call for papers konvens 98 computer , linguistik und phonetik zwischen sprache und sprechen computers , linguistics , and phonetics between language and speech 4 . konferenz zur verarbeitung natuerlicher sprache - 4th conference on natural language processing oct . 5 - 7 , 1998 , university of bonn , germany http : / / www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / konvens98 organized by : gesellschaft fuer linguistische datenverarbeitung ( gldv ) ( responsible in 1998 ) deutsche gesellschaft fuer sprachwissenschaft ( dgfs ) gesellschaft fuer informatik ( gi ) , fa 1 . 3 . 1 "" natuerlichsprachliche systeme "" informationstechnische gesellschaft / deutsche gesellschaft fuer akustik ( itg / dega ) oesterreichische gesellschaft fuer artificial intelligence ( oegai ) call for papers subjects of the conference are all areas of language processing dealing with language in its written or spoken form . special attention will be paid to approaches focussing on the structural and the phonological / phonetic aspects of computer-aided / based language research and aimed at bridging the gap between both aspects . please submit proposals for : - lectures , - workshops , - demonstrations and - posters . all proposals will be reviewed anonymously . please add a title page specifying the author 's names and institutions as well as title and form of the contribution . proposals should be submitted in 5 paper copies ( din a4 paper size , times 12pt ) , and in electronic form per e-mail ( preferably latex or ps ) . word and wordperfect format files and latex style files will be available for download after march 15 , 1998 . proposals should not exceed 10 pages for lectures , and 5 pages for workshops . poster contributions will be published as short papers limited to 4 pages . workshop proposals should explain the significance of the subject , and they should name the prospective participants and their contributions . demonstrations should be briefly described ; the equipment needed should be specified . all proposals should contain german and english abstracts of 12 lines max . conference languages are german and english . all proposals are reviewed by at least two independent reviewers nominated by the programme committee . accepted proposals will be published in the conference proceedings which will be available before the beginning of the conference . deadlines march 1 , 1998 deadline for the submission of workshop proposals april 15 , 1998 deadline for the submission of proposals for lectures and posters may 15 , 1998 notification on acceptance june 15 , 1998 submission of the printable contribution to the proceedings july 15 , 1998 deadline for submitting proposals for system demonstrations local organizers prof . dr . wolfgang hess prof . dr . winfried lenders dr . thomas portele dr . bernhard schroeder programme committee dr . ernst buchberger , wien ( oegai ) dr . stefan busemann , saarbruecken ( gi ) prof . dr . dafydd gibbon , bielefeld ( dgfs ) prof . dr . wolfgang hoeppner , duisburg ( gi ) prof . dr . roland hausser , erlangen ( gldv ) prof . dr . wolfgang hess , bonn ( itg / dega ) prof . dr . r . hoffmann , dresden ( itg / dega ) dr . tibor kiss , heidelberg ( dgfs ) prof . dr . winfried lenders , bonn ( gldv ) dr . harald trost ( oegai ) conference office gisela von neffe institut fuer kommunikationsforschung und phonetik der universitaet bonn poppelsdorfer allee 47 d-53115 bonn internet : http / / : www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / konvens98 / index . en . html email : konvens98 @ uni-bonn . de phone : + 49-228 - 735638 fax : + 49-228 - 735639 location konvens 98 will take place at the university of bonn 's central building , which is situated in the city 's centre , in walking distance from the main railway station . world wide web http : / / www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / konvens98
",0
2279,"Subject: ecai-98 # 6 : call for young researcher papers
 
 ecai ' 98 august 23-28 1998 brighton uk call for young researcher papers http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 / youngrescall . html the ecai-98 programme committee is pleased to announce a special programme of short papers for young researchers . important dates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 mar 1998 deadline for abstracts 11 mar 1998 deadline for papers 15 apr 1998 notification of acceptance 15 may 1998 camera - ready copies of papers 26-28 aug 1998 student programme at ecai-98 the aim is to encourage younger ai researchers to attend ecai-98 and to present their on-going work , in the form of short ( 2 page ) papers , which will appear in the conference proceedings . a short paper may either report on the innovative points of work in progress , or on a particular result of special interest . the call is open to researchers who satisfy at least one of the following criteria on 11 march 1998 : - they are under 28 years old - they are currently studying for a phd or other degree qualification in ai ( or a related topic ) - they received a phd in ai ( or a related topic ) within the past two years . submissions are invited on original and previously unpublished research in all aspects of ai , including , but not limited to : abduction , temporal , causal reasoning , and diagnosis ; automated reasoning ; application and enabling technologies ; belief revision and nonmonotonic reasoning ; case - based reasoning ; cognitive modelling and philosophical foundations ; computational linguistics ; constraint - based reasoning and constraint programming ; distributed ai and multiagent systems ; fuzzy logic ; knowledge acquisition ; knowledge representation ; logic programming , and theorem proving ; machine learning , knowledge discovery and data mining ; natural language and intelligent user interfaces ; neural networks in ai ; planning , scheduling , and reasoning about actions ; probabilistic networks ; qualitative preferences and decision in ai ; qualitative and spatial reasoning ; reasoning under uncertainty ; robotics , vision , and signal understanding ; search and meta - heuristics for ai ; verification , validation and testing of knowledge - based systems . submissions should be two pages long using the format described on the ecai-98 style guide web page : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 / style . html a latex style file is available on the website ( or on request . to ecai98 @ cogs . susx . ac . uk ) . accepted papers will be required to conform more strictly to the publishers ' formatting requirements , which will be broadly in line with the present formatting guidelines . submission procedure submission is a two stage process , similar to the process for long papers . an electronic abstract should be sent to ecai98 @ irit . fr by 6 march 1998 . this summary should include the title , author , contact address and abstract for the paper , plus keywords drawn from the above list ( plus other keywords if appropriate ) . a web-based summary submission form is available to make this easier . this summary information should also be included with the paper itself , on a separate sheet of paper . submission of the paper is in hard copy form only , electronic submissions will not be accepted . four copies of the paper ( each including the summary sheet ) , should be sent by post to the ecai-98 programme chair , henri prade , at the address below . the title page should include a statement indicating which of the above eligibility criteria the author satisfies and that the paper has not been submitted elsewhere . the deadline for receipt of papers is 11 march 1998 . papers received after this date will not be reviewed . address for submission - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - henri prade , ecai-98 programme chair irit universite paul sabatier 118 route de narbonne 31062 toulouse cedex 4 france email : henri . prade @ irit . fr tel : + 33 ( 0 ) 561 55 65 79 fax : + 33 ( 0 ) 561 55 62 39 multiple submissions policy ecai-98 will not accept any paper which at the time of submission is under review for , or has already been published or accepted for publication in a journal or another conference . authors are also expected not to submit their papers elsewhere during the review period . these restrictions apply only to journals and conferences and not to workshops or similar specialised meetings with limited audiences . the title page should include a statement that the paper is not under review or accepted for publication in another conference or journal . however , if a young researcher has already submitted a regular paper to ecai-98 , a new submission on the same topic in the form of a short paper is permitted provided that the author declares it on submission . if the regular paper is accepted , the short paper will be considered to have been withdrawn . however such a double submission is not encouraged . the review process the short papers will be reviewed under the control of the ecai-98 program committee under the chairmanship of the ecai-98 programme chair . the ecai-98 programme chair has final authority over the review process and all decisions relating to acceptance of papers . accepted papers will be allocated 15 minutes for oral presentation and 2 pages in the official ecai-98 proceedings . note : as is usual at ecai conferences , students will be able to register for the conference at a significantly reduced and subsidised rate . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ecai-98 secretariat tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 678448 centre for advanced software applications fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 671320 university of sussex email : ecai98 @ cogs . susx . ac . uk brighton , bn1 9qh , uk url : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 ecai-98 is organised by the european coordinating committee for artificial intelligence ( eccai ) and hosted by the universities of brighton and sussex on behalf of aisb . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
2280,"Subject: cuny ' 98 conference
 
 below you will find information regarding registration and hotel reservations for the 11th annual cuny conference on human sentence processing . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * please preregister and make your hotel reservations immediately . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the deadline for both preregistration and hotel reservations is february 27th , but you are encouraged to do both now . the conference rate at the hotel is not unconditionally guaranteed through the reservation deadline - - it is only guaranteed as long as the hotel occupancy is below a certain rate , and some days are already filling up . the normal midweek rate is about $ 50 / night higher than the conference rate , so you should reserve now . please also take the time now to preregister - - it will help us keep costs down ( making more funds available for student travel ) if we can get an accurate estimate of attendance . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration and hotel information for the 11th annual cuny conference on human sentence processing hosted by rutgers , the state university of new jersey conference sponsors : national science foundation city university of new york university of pennsylvania university of rochester ohio state university university of southern california * * * * * february 27th is the conference pre - registration * * * * * and hotel reservation deadline ! conference pre - registration a form for preregistration is below and is also available on our website . to preregister , please fill out the form and return it with a check ( made out to rutgers university ) , as indicated on the form . we ' re sorry , but we cannot accept credit cards . as the fees for on-site registration are substantially higher , we encourage you to register by the february 27th deadline to receive preregistration rates . if you are the first author on a paper or a poster , you will automatically receive the pre-registration rate if you return the registration form via email by february 27 , 1998 . you can then pay your registration fee at the conference . also , if you are attending from outside of the us , you will automatically receive the preregistration rate if you email the form back to us by february 27 . you can then pay the registration fee at the conference ; payment must be in us dollars . student presenters who wish to apply for reimbursement must save all receipts and fill out a reimbursement request form at the conference . hotel reservations we have a special rate of single - $ 119 / night , double / triple / quad - $ 135 / night at the conference hotel , the hyatt regency - new brunswick , nj . you must make your reservation by february 27 , by calling the hotel directly ( 732 ) 873-1234 or ( 800 ) 233-1234 . ask for the special rate for the cuny98 conference . for more info , see our web page : http : / / ruccs . rutgers . edu / cuny98 please print out and mail this form with your check ( made out to rutgers university ) to the address below : _ _ _ _ _ 8 < _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 < _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 < _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 < _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 < _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration form for 11th annual cuny conference on human sentence processing march 19-21 , 1998 new brunswick , new jersey hosted by rutgers , the state university of new jersey name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mailing address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ are you first author on a paper or poster ? yes _ _ _ no _ _ _ are you a non - us participant ? yes _ _ _ no _ _ _ are you a student ? yes _ _ _ no _ _ _ if a student , will you be requesting aid ? yes _ _ _ no _ _ _ fees registration covers the conference program , coffee breaks ( all days ) , continental breakfasts ( fri / sat ) , evening poster receptions ( thurs / fri ) . all registration forms postmarked by february 27 are eligible for the pre-registration rates . first authors and / or non - us participants can email this this form back to be guaranteed the pre-registration rate , and then pay at the conference . checks should be in us dollars and drawn on a us bank . pre - registration ( by februrary 27 ) late registration non - students $ 75 $ 95 students $ 25 $ 45 please return this form and your payment to : cuny98 rutgers center for cognitive science rutgers university , busch campus psychology building addition new brunswick , nj 08903 usa
",0
2281,"Subject: mutual knowledge , common ground and public information
 
 esslli-98 workshop on mutual knowledge , common ground and public information august 24 - 28 , 1998 a workshop held as part of the 10th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli-98 ) august 17 - 28 , 1998 , saarbrueken , germany * * last call for papers * * organisers : wolfgang heydrich and hannes rieser ( hamburg / bielefeld ) web site : http : / / www . dcs . warwick . ac . uk / ~ esslli98 / workshops . html background the topic of the workshop is in the common focus of several disciplines : cognitive science , linguistic pragmatics & semantics , philosophical logic , ai , and psychology . it concerns research in areas like discourse analysis , coordination , presupposition and accomodation , as well as the formal reconstruction of dialogue and interaction . there are obvious connections to problems of group-epistemology and general ( philosophical ) concepts like intersubjectivity . the topic constitutes a field of discussion where empirical and formal methodologies meet ( from controlled experiments and discourse analysis to , say , non-well - founded set theory ) . we invite contributions from all the fields mentioned above , which may focus on : - foundational problems ( epistemic logic , social ontology , set theory ) - descriptive and experimental work in psychology , linguistics and ethnomethodology - applications in models of agent 's behaviour based on e . g . , intention analysis , gricean accounts or speech act theory - computer simulation implementing the concepts mentioned . workshop format : the workshop will consist of five sessions ( 90 min . each ) of presentation and discussion of contributed papers . it will take place during the second week of the summer school and will be open to all members of the lli community . submissions : all reserchers in the area , but especially ph . d . students and young reserachers , are encouraged to submit a two-page abstract ( hard copies or by e-mail ) to one of the following addresses : prof . dr . hannes rieser pd dr . wolfgang heydrich university of bielefeld university of hamburg fak . lili germanisches seminar postfach 100131 von - melle - park 6 d-33501 bielefeld d-20146 hamburg germany germany rieser @ lili . uni-bielefeld . de heydrich @ lili . uni-bielefeld . de phone : 0049-521 - 1063666 phone : 0049-40 - 4222501 fax : 0049-521 - 1062996 fax : 0049-40 - 4222603 the deadline for submission of abstracts is february 15 , 1998 . notification of contributors will be given around april 15 , 1998 . contributors of selected papers will be asked to provide extended abstracts ( five pages ) to be distributed as work-shop notes . the deadline for submission of extended abstracts is may 15 , 98 . registration : workshop contributors will be required to register for esslli-98 , but they will be elligible for a reduced registration fee . important dates : feb 15 , 98 : deadline for submissions apr 15 , 98 : notification of acceptance may 15 , 98 : deadline for final copy aug 17 , 98 : start of workshop further information : to obtain further information about esslli-98 please visit the esslli-98 home page at http : / / www . coli . uni-sb . de / esslli
",0
2282,"Subject: lrec workshop "" distributing and accessing linguistic resourcs ""
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * last call for papers extended deadline : march 15 , 1998 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * distributing and accessing linguistic resources * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * workshop immediately before the first international conference on language resources and evaluation ( lrec ) , may 27 1998 granada , spain http : / / www . icp . grenet . fr / elra / conflre . html short description : this workshop will discuss ways to increase the efficacy of linguistic resource distribution and programmatic access , and work towards the definition of a new method for these tasks based on distributed processing and object-oriented modelling with deployment on the www . organizers : yorick wilks , hamish cunningham , wim peters , remi zajac workshop scope and aims - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - in general the reuse of of nlp data resources ( such as lexicons or corpora ) has exceeded that of algorithmic resources ( such as lemmatisers or parsers ) . however , there are still two barriers to data resource reuse : 1 ) each resource has its own representation syntax and corresponding programmatic access mode ( e . g . sql for celex , c or prolog for wordnet , sgml for the bnc ) ; 2 ) resources must generally be installed locally to be usable ( and of course precisely how this happens , what operating systems are supported etc . varies from case to case ) . the consequences of 1 ) are that although resources share some structure in common ( lexicons are organised around words , for example ) this commonality is wasted when it comes to using a new resource ( the developer has to learn everything afresh each time ) and that work which seeks to investigate or exploit commonalities between resources ( e . g . to link several lexicons to an ontology ) has to first build a layer of access routines on top of each resources . so , for example , if we wish to do task-based evaluation of lexicons by measuring the relative performance of an information extraction system with different instantiations of lexical resource , we might end up writing code to translate several different resources into sql or sgml . the consequence of 2 ) is that there is no way to "" try before you buy "" : no way to examine a data resource for its suitability for your needs before licencing it . correspondingly there is no way for a resource provider to expose limitted access to their products for advertising purposes , or gain revenue through piecemeal supply of sections of a resource . this workshop will discuss ways to overcome these barriers . the proposers will discuss a new method for distributing and accessing language resources involving the development of a common programmatic model of the various resources types , implemented in corba idl and / or java , along with a distributed server for non-local access . this model is being designed as part of the gate project ( general architecture for text engineering : http : / / www . dcs . shef . ac . uk / research / groups / nlp / gate / ) and goes under the provisional title of an active creole server . ( creole : collection of reusable objects for language engineering . currently creole supports only algortihmic objects , but will be extended to data objects . ) a common model of language data resources would be a set of inheritance hierarchies making up a forest or set of graphs . at the top of the hierarchies would be very general abstractions from resources ( e . g . lexicons are about words ) ; at the leaves would be data items that were specific to individual resources . programmatic access would be available at all levels , allowing the developer to select an appropriate level of commonality for each application . note that although an exciting element of the work could be to provide algorithms to dynamically merge common resources ( e . g . connect wordnet to celex ) , what we ' re suggesting initially is not to develop anything substantively new , but simply to improve access to existing resources . this is not a new standards initiative , but a way to build on previous initiatives . of course , the production of a common model that fully expressed all the subtleties of all resources would be a large undertaking , but we believe that it can be done incrementally , with useful results at each stage . early versions will stop decomposing the object structure of resources at a fairly high level , leaving the developer to handle the data structures native to the resources at the leaves of the forest . there should still be a substantial benefit in uniform access to higher level strucures . draft program committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - yorick wilks hamish cunningham wim peters remi zajac roberta catizone paola velardi maria teresa pazienza louise guthrie roberto basili bran boguraev sergei nirenburg james pustejowsky ralph grishman christiane fellbaum paper submission - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - formatting guidelines : papers should not exceed 4000 words or 10 pages . hard copies : three hard copies should be sent to : gill callaghan , fao yorick wilks dept . computer science university of sheffield regent court 211 portobello st . , sheffield s1 4dp uk electronic submission : electronic submission will be allowed in poscript or html . an ftp site will be available on demand . authors should send an info email to ( hamish cunningham - hamish @ dcs . shef . ac . uk ) even if they submit in paper form . an electronic submission should be accompanied by a plain ascii text . # name : name of first author # title : title of the paper # pages : number of pages # files : name of file ( if also submitted electronically ) # note : anything you 'd like to add # keys : keywords # email : email of the first author # abstr : abstract of the paper # . . . . . . important dates paper submission deadline ( hard copy / electronic ) march 15th 1998 paper notification april 1st camera - ready papers due may 1st dalr workshop may 27st
",0
2283,"Subject: workshop on corpus - based terminology
 
 call for participation workshop on corpus - based terminology bozen / bolzano , february 26-28 , 1998 european academy bozen / bolzano patronage autonome provinz bozen = = = = = = = = = = = = = background = = = = = = = = = = = = = the motivation to organize this workshop is a project currently in the planning phase at the european academy bozen / bolzano . the main goal of the project is to elaborate a comprehensive italian / german terminology in the areas of law and administration for the use in south tyrol by extracting the term pairs from a representative corpus of relevant bilingual texts . a more detailed description can be found here : http : / / www . eurac . edu / fb1 / projects / catex . htm the objective of the workshop is to bring together leading researchers working on corpus-based terminology and to provide a forum of discussion of the state of the art in this area . the main focus will be on computational methods and technologies covering the following topics : t1 : encoding ( multilingual ) text corpora t2 : extraction of data / knowledge from text corpora ( translation equivalents , concept relations , . . . ) t3 : terminological data / knowledge representation = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = invited speakers = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = khurshid ahmad ( university of surrey , united kingdoms ) susan armstrong ( university of geneva , switzerland ) lynne bowker ( dublin city university school , ireland ) ido dagan ( bar ilan university , israel ) ulrich heid ( university of stuttgart , germany ) david hull ( xerox research centre europe , france ) nancy ide ( vassar college , new york ) christian jacquemin ( iut de nantes , france ) bernardo magnini ( irst , italy ) maria t . pazienza ( university of roma , italy ) jordi vivaldi palatresi ( university pompeu fabra , spain ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = preliminary programme = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the programme consists of talks given by 11 invited speakers and a pannel discussion about the catex project ; there will be plenty of time for discussions . a preliminary programme outline is given below : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - thursday , february 26 , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 . 30 - 8 . 45 registration 8 . 45 - 9 . 00 opening 9 . 00-10 . 00 general introduction into corpus - based terminology + some on t1 ( lynne bowker ) break 10 . 30-12 . 30 corpus encoding for linguistic research and term detection ( jordi vivaldi palatresi ) working with parallel corpora ( susan armstrong ) lunch 14 . 30-15 . 30 ( extraction of information from text corpora ) ( ulrich heid ) break 16 . 00-18 . 00 pannel discussion : the catex project ( werner aufschnaiter , johann gamper , felix mayer , francesco palermo ) 20 . 00 workshop dinner - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - friday , february 27 , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 . 00-10 . 00 recognition and acquisition : two interrelated activities in corpus - based term extraction ( christian jacquemin ) break 10 . 30-12 . 30 automatic terminology extraction and alignment from a parallel sentence - aligned bilingual corpus ( david hull ) bilingual word alignment and its use for productive lexicon construction ( ido dagan ) lunch 14 . 00-19 . 00 tour : tobogganing at the seiser alm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - saturday , february 28 , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 . 00-10 . 00 a domain specific terminology extraction system ( maria t . pazienza ) break 10 . 30-12 . 30 from terminologoy extraction to terminology representation ( khurshid ahmad ) use of a lexical knowledge base for information access systems ( bernardo magnini ) lunch 14 . 30-15 . 30 encoding linguistic corpora : encoding schemes and a data architecture for linguistic annotation ( nancy ide ) break 16 . 00 concluding remarks = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = conference address = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = european academy bozen / bolzano weggensteinstr . 12 / a i - 39100 bozen / bolzano phone : + 39 - 471 - 306111 fax : + 39 - 471 - 306199 = = = = = = = = = = = = social events = = = = = = = = = = = = informal get-together : an informal get-together will be held on wednesday evening , february 25 ( place will be communicated later to the workshop participants ) . workshop dinner : the workshop dinner will take place on thursday evening , february 26 , in a typical restaurant in the city center . tour "" tobogganing at the seiser alm "" : on friday afternoon , february 27 , we will organize a tour to the seiser alm , one of the most beautiful alpine pastures in south tyrol , where we have the chance of tobogganing . please , do n't forget warm clothes and heavy shoes ( we are walking in the snow ! ) . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = registration information = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = attending to the workshop ( including coffee breaks ) is free of charge , however , registration is required . only a limited number of participants will be allowed . travel , accommodation , meals and social activities are at the expense of the participant . on request , the accommodation can be organized by the european academy bozen / bolzano . if you are willing to participate , please contact the local organizer . registration deadline : monday , february 23 , 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = organizing committee = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = giovanni b . flores d ' arcais ( university of padova ) bernhard eccher ( university of innsbruck ) johann gamper ( european academy bozen / bolzano ) felix mayer ( european academy bozen / bolzano ) alberto m . mioni ( university of padova ) oskar putzer ( university of innsbruck ) harro stammerjohann ( european academy bozen / bolzano ) oliviero stock ( irst , trento ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = local organization = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = johann gamper european academy bozen / bolzano weggensteinstr . 12 / a 39100 bozen , italy phone : + 49 - 471 - 306114 fax : + 49 - 471 - 306199 jgamper @ eurac . edu for more information about the workshop , please contact the local organisation . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = johann gamper european academy bolzano / bozen phone : + 39 - 471 - 306114 research area "" language and law "" fax : + 39 - 471 - 306199 weggensteinstr . 12 / a email : jgamper @ eurac . edu 39100 bozen , italy www : http : / / www . eurac . edu
",0
2284,"Subject: politeness theory
 
 call for papers politeness theory and language in the mass media this is a call for papers that explore linguistic politeness and social interaction in the mass media . in the introduction to the second edition of politeness , brown and levinson write , "" we believe we happen to have stumbled on an area where many orthogonal aspects of social life converge in a set of crucial preoccupations in social interaction . "" brown and levinson state that politeness is at the heart of those preoccupations . while there have been numerous studies of linguistic politeness since brown and levinson 's original paper , there has been little attention paid to politeness theory in discussions of language in the mass media . we believe that the mass media provide a unique yet ubiquitous arena through which to explore linguistic politeness because of the often ambiguous nature of social interaction in the mass media . it is our interest in the nature of social interaction in the mass media that provides the impetus for this book project . we also believe there is a need for theories of media discourse based on sociolinguistic perspectives . we are seeking original essays to include in a book volume that examines aspects of linguistic politeness based on data collected from the mass media . we would especially like to encourage submissions based on data from languages other than english . the intended audience of the book will be undergraduates , graduate students , and scholars in the areas of sociolinguistics , anthropological linguistics , linguistic pragmatics , ethnography of communication , sociology and communications . please forward an indication of interest and a one-page abstract of the proposed contribution by april 30 , 1998 to : prof . troi carleton 1200 holloway drive , department of english , san francisco state university , san francisco , ca 94132 , e-mail : troi @ sfsu . edu or prof . robin queen , english department , kent state university , kent , oh 44242-0001 , e-mail : rqueen @ kent . edu . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - robin m . queen english department kent state university kent , oh 44242-0001 tel : 330-672 - 2219
",0
2285,"Subject: fasl 1998
 
 final call for papers : seventh annual workshop on formal approaches to slavic linguistics ( fasl ) conference dates : may 8-10 , 1998 , at the university of washington , seattle guest speakers : johanna nichols , "" slavic reflexivization in comparative perspective "" barbara partee , "" copula inversion puzzles in english and russian "" david pesetsky , "" lifestyles of the _ which _ and famous : how english is really bulgarian "" extended deadline for receipt of abstracts : february 25 , 1998 abstracts are invited for 20 - minute presentations on topics dealing with formal aspects of any area of theoretical slavic linguistics ( synchronic or diachronic ) , including syntax , semantics , morphology , phonology , discourse analysis , and psycholinguistics . presentations will be followed by a 10 - minute discussion period . send 6 copies of a one-page anonymous abstract to the postal address below . no e-mail submissions will be accepted . faxed submissions will be accepted only in emergency situations , and only if prior notice is sent by e-mail . please include one 3x5 card with : 1 ) title of paper 2 ) your name 3 ) address and affiliation 4 ) telephone and / or fax numbers 5 ) e-mail address mail to : fasl vii committee dept . of slavic languages and literature box 353580 university of washington seattle , washington 98195 usa questions ? e - mail : fasl7 @ u . washington . edu telephone : 206-543 - 6848 fax : 206-543 - 6009 persons interested in attending fasl vii are invited to register their e-mail and / or mailing addresses at the conference address above . e - mail is the preferred means of communication for all business except abstract submission . 1998 fasl website : http : / / darkwing . uoregon . edu / ~ russian / fasl . html
",0
2286,"Subject: workshop on corpus - based terminology
 
 call for participation workshop on corpus - based terminology bozen / bolzano , february 26-28 , 1998 european academy bozen / bolzano patronage autonome provinz bozen = = = = = = = = = = = = = background = = = = = = = = = = = = = the motivation to organize this workshop is a project currently in the planning phase at the european academy bozen / bolzano . the main goal of the project is to elaborate a comprehensive italian / german terminology in the areas of law and administration for the use in south tyrol by extracting the term pairs from a representative corpus of relevant bilingual texts . a more detailed description can be found here : http : / / www . eurac . edu / fb1 / projects / catex . htm the objective of the workshop is to bring together leading researchers working on corpus-based terminology and to provide a forum of discussion of the state of the art in this area . the main focus will be on computational methods and technologies covering the following topics : t1 : encoding ( multilingual ) text corpora t2 : extraction of data / knowledge from text corpora ( translation equivalents , concept relations , . . . ) t3 : terminological data / knowledge representation = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = invited speakers = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = khurshid ahmad ( university of surrey , united kingdoms ) susan armstrong ( university of geneva , switzerland ) lynne bowker ( dublin city university school , ireland ) ido dagan ( bar ilan university , israel ) ulrich heid ( university of stuttgart , germany ) david hull ( xerox research centre europe , france ) nancy ide ( vassar college , new york ) christian jacquemin ( iut de nantes , france ) bernardo magnini ( irst , italy ) maria t . pazienza ( university of roma , italy ) jordi vivaldi palatresi ( university pompeu fabra , spain ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = preliminary programme = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the programme consists of talks given by 11 invited speakers and a pannel discussion about the catex project ; there will be plenty of time for discussions . a preliminary programme outline is given below : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - thursday , february 26 , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 . 30 - 8 . 45 registration 8 . 45 - 9 . 00 opening 9 . 00-10 . 00 general introduction into corpus - based terminology + some on t1 ( lynne bowker ) break 10 . 30-12 . 30 corpus encoding for linguistic research and term detection ( jordi vivaldi palatresi ) working with parallel corpora ( susan armstrong ) lunch 14 . 30-15 . 30 ( extraction of information from text corpora ) ( ulrich heid ) break 16 . 00-18 . 00 pannel discussion : the catex project ( werner aufschnaiter , johann gamper , felix mayer , francesco palermo ) 20 . 00 workshop dinner - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - friday , february 27 , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 . 00-10 . 00 recognition and acquisition : two interrelated activities in corpus - based term extraction ( christian jacquemin ) break 10 . 30-12 . 30 automatic terminology extraction and alignment from a parallel sentence - aligned bilingual corpus ( david hull ) bilingual word alignment and its use for productive lexicon construction ( ido dagan ) lunch 14 . 00-19 . 00 tour : tobogganing at the seiser alm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - saturday , february 28 , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 . 00-10 . 00 a domain specific terminology extraction system ( maria t . pazienza ) break 10 . 30-12 . 30 from terminologoy extraction to terminology representation ( khurshid ahmad ) use of a lexical knowledge base for information access systems ( bernardo magnini ) lunch 14 . 30-15 . 30 encoding linguistic corpora : encoding schemes and a data architecture for linguistic annotation ( nancy ide ) break 16 . 00 concluding remarks = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = conference address = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = european academy bozen / bolzano weggensteinstr . 12 / a i - 39100 bozen / bolzano phone : + 39 - 471 - 306111 fax : + 39 - 471 - 306199 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = social events = = = = = = = = = = = = = = informal get-together : an informal get-together will be held on wednesday evening , february 25 ( place will be communicated later to the workshop participants ) . workshop dinner : the workshop dinner will take place on thursday evening , february 26 , in a typical restaurant in the city center . tour "" tobogganing at the seiser alm "" : on friday afternoon , february 27 , we will organize a tour to the seiser alm , one of the most beautiful alpine pastures in south tyrol , where we have the chance of tobogganing . please , do n't forget warm clothes and heavy shoes ( we are walking in the snow ! ) . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = registration information = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = attending to the workshop ( including coffee breaks ) is free of charge , however , registration is required . only a limited number of participants will be allowed . travel , accommodation , meals and social activities are at the expense of the participant . on request , the accommodation can be organized by the european academy bozen / bolzano . if you are willing to participate , please contact the local organizer . registration deadline : monday , february 23 , 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = organizing committee = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = giovanni b . flores d ' arcais ( university of padova ) bernhard eccher ( university of innsbruck ) johann gamper ( european academy bozen / bolzano ) felix mayer ( european academy bozen / bolzano ) alberto m . mioni ( university of padova ) oskar putzer ( university of innsbruck ) harro stammerjohann ( european academy bozen / bolzano ) oliviero stock ( irst , trento ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = local organization = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = johann gamper european academy bozen / bolzano weggensteinstr . 12 / a 39100 bozen , italy phone : + 49 - 471 - 306114 fax : + 49 - 471 - 306199 jgamper @ eurac . edu for more information about the workshop , please contact the local organisation .
",0
2287,"Subject: conference : second announcement : tai studies
 
 the international conference on tai studies july 29-31 , 1998 institute of language and culture for rural development mahidol university at salaya , thailand second announcement rationale the institute of language and culture for rural development , mahidol university is pleased to announce the first international conference on tai studies , to be held july 29-31 , 1998 in bangkok . the main objective of this conference is to provide an international forum for scholars from different countries to present and discuss various aspects of tai studies . the conference will feature papers on any of the tai and outliner groups residing outside thailand , namely , lao , black tai , lue , white tai , shan , ahom , dai , tay , tho , nung , zhuang , bouyei , ong - be , saek , kam ( dong ) , sui ( shui ) , maonan , mulam ( mulao ) , mak , then , ai - cham , lati , laqua , hlai , and gelao . topics will include : ( 1 ) languages and linguistics ; ( 2 ) folk wisdom and literature ; ( 3 ) belief , ritual , and religions ; ( 4 ) history ; ( 5 ) politics ; ( 6 ) economics and environment ; ( 7 ) ethno-cultural contact and exchange ; ( 8 ) architecture , arts , music , and handicrafts ; ( 9 ) archaeology ; and ( 10 ) others . language the language to be used in the conference will be english . registration fees the registration fee includes conference documents , lunch , refreshments . students non - students overseas local overseas local before and on june 1 , 98 us $ 100 1 , 500 baht us $ 120 2 , 500 baht after june 1 , 1998 us $ 120 2 , 000 baht us $ 150 3 , 000 baht payment by international draft ( cheque ) in us dollar only . please make check payable to "" mahidol university . "" venue royal river hotel , bangkok , thailand abstract and paper abstracts are invited for the conference . by may 1 , 1998 , please submit two copies of a one-page abstract . abstract must be typed , camera ready , and contain the following information : titile of abstract , author 's name , affiliation , content . papers to be distributed at the conference must be submitted before june 1 , 1998 . papers to be presented at tai studies i will be published in the tai studies i proceedings and will be available for a purchase after the conference . to ensure inclusion in the volume , submit a camera-ready copy of paper by november 1 , 1998 . presentation will be 20 minutes in length , with 10 minutes for questions . accomodation and travel information the information on accommodations and travel will be announced later . conference registration a conference registration form is available at : http : / / www . mahidol . ac . th / mahidol / lc / index . html corresponding address : chair of secretariat tai studies i institute of language and culture for rural development mahidol university , salaya nakornpathom 73170 , thailand tel : ( 662 ) 441-9327 , 441-9343 , 441-9514 ; fax ( 662 ) 441-0209 email : lcssm @ mahidol . ac . th web page : http : / / www . mahidol . ac . th / mahidol / lc / index . html tentative program wednesday , july 29th 8 . 30 - 9 . 30 registration 9 . 30-10 . 00 opening ceremony 10 . 00-10 . 15 a brief introduction to "" the studies of tai in china by the institute of language and culture for rural development "" prof . khunying suriya ratanakul 10 . 15-10 . 30 coffee break 10 . 30-11 . 30 keynote sppech : "" the language corridor : new data from vietnam "" prof . jerold a . edmondson ( university of texas at arlington ) master of ceremony : asst . prof . sukhumavadee khmahiran announcer : mr . vinya sysamouth 11 . 30-13 . 00 lunch 13 . 00-15 . 00 paper presentation 15 . 00-15 . 15 coffee break 15 . 15-16 . 30 paper presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . thursday , july 30th 9 . 00-10 . 45 plenary session i : "" current studies of tai outside thailand "" panel i : "" current studies of tai in laoms and china "" * "" an overview of tai studies outside thailand and current stdies of tai in laos "" assoc . prof . theraphan l . thongkum ( chulalongkorn university , bangkok ) * "" current studies of tai in pr china "" assoc . prof . pranee kullavanijaya ( chulalongkorn university ) prof . zhang gogjin and mr . zhou guoyan ( kam - tai institute , central university for nationalities , beijing ) moderator : assoc . prof . somsonge burusphat ( mahidol university , bangkok ) 10 . 45-11 . 00 coffee break 11 . 00-12 . 30 panel ii : "" current studies of tai in vietnam , myanmar and india "" * vietnam : assoc . prof . sumit pitiphat ( thammasat university , bangkok ) * myanmar : asst . prof . ratanaporn sethakul ( payap university , chiangmai ) * india : assoc . prof . wilaiwan khanittanan ( thammasat university , bangkok ) moderator : prof . chatthip nartsupha ( chulalongkorn university , bangkok ) announcer : ms . megan sinnott 12 . 30-13 . 30 lunch 13 . 30-15 . 00 paper presentation 15 . 00-15 . 15 coffee break 15 . 15-16 . 30 paper presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . friday , july 31th 9 . 00-10 . 45 plenary session ii , "" tai migration patterns in interdisciplinary perspective "" * linguistics : prof . jerold a . edmondson ( the university of texas at arlington ) * history and archaeology : assoc . prof . srisak vallibhotama ( silpakorn university , bangkok ) * physical anthropology : assoc . prof . samerchai phulsuwan ( thammasat university , bangkok ) * folklore : assoc . prof . siraporn na thalang moderator : ms . lakana daoratanahong ( mahidol university , bangkok ) announcer : ms . pattiya jimreivat 10 . 45-11 . 00 coffee break 11 . 00-12 . 00 * summation and floor discussion * closing ceremony master of ceremony : asst . prof . sukhumavadee khamhiran 12 . 30-13 . 30 farewell lunch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . end of the second announcement
",0
2288,"Subject: call : ling approaches to lit
 
 call for papers modern language association division on linguistic approaches to literature 1998 mla convention , san francisco , december 27-30 the division will hold three sessions , on the following topic : linguistic approaches to the analysis of poetry , epecially poetic language and poetic form . topics might include prosody , sound symbolism , poetic language outside poetry , and poetry nterpretation informed by discourse analysis , pragmatics , relevance theory , etc . one session will focus on teaching linguistic approaches to poetry ; abstracts for this session should discuss a teaching strategy and / or a sample classroom analysis . please submit a 1 - 2 page abstract , preferably by e-mail , to derek attridge ( attridge @ rci . rutgers . edu ) department of english , rutgers university , 510 george street , new brunswick , nj 08901 . participants must be members of the mla by april 1 , 1998 . deadline : march 15 , 1998 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ derek attridge tel . 732 / 932-7674 department of english fax 732 / 932-1150 rutgers university e-mail : new brunswick , nj 08903 attridge @ rci . rutgers . edu _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
",0
2289,"Subject: cfp : workshop "" intelligent information integration "" during ecai ' 98
 
 please forward this message to colleagues who might be interested . we apologise if you receive multiple copies . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers international and interdisciplinary workshop "" intelligent information integration "" http : / / www . tzi . org / grp / i3 / ws-ecai 98 25 august 1998 during the european conference on artificial intelligence ( ecai ' 98 ) , brighton centre , brighton , uk submission deadline : 27 march 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - technical description - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - due to intranets and internets , more and more information sources become technically available . these include knowledge bases , data bases , and semi-structured data ( e . g . html pages ) . an increasing number of users now either wishes to integrate these different information sources or to have a uniform view of these . as a consequence , the integration of heterogeneous information sources has become a field of investigation of growing importance . the schematic and semantic heterogeneity is one of the difficulties in the integration of heterogeneous knowledge and data bases . normally , the information in every information source is stored with regards to their users ' requirements ( e . g . an application ) , disregarding access from other sites or their integration . semantically similar information thus may be stored with different structures ( e . g . a name may be stored either as one string or as two strings split into first name and last name ) and different information representations ( e . g . ranking values can be represented either as numbers or as symbols ) . there are several distinct research and development areas explicitly or implicitly addressing semantic heterogeneity . most approaches reconcile the semantic conflict implicitly . federated databases , for example , integrate local databases into one ( virtual ) global database while at the same time preserving the autonomy of each local database . in loosely-coupled systems like multi-databases query languages are extended to access different information systems . however , they do not help the user with the heterogeneity problem . other groups want to exchange knowledge and data via standards ( e . g . kif , step , etc ) , but the different semantics of the standard and the information source have to be correlated . other approaches take the semantics of knowledge or data more closely into account and represent the semantics explicitly . in the darpa "" intelligent information integration "" initiative approaches are developed which represent the meaning in ontologies or meta data in contexts . the ontologies may be used to reconcile the conflicts or act as a global domain specification . however , there is still a great number of disciplines whose subtask is at least the integration of information . although each research and development community has its own view of the integration of information sources the basic problems concerning for example the semantic and schematic heterogeneity remain the same . it is an interesting aspect that different groups tackle the problem in different ways . it is the aim of this workshop to bring together these heterogeneous groups in order to create a forum where the participants can compare their individual approaches . theme - - - - the interdisciplinary workshop of "" intelligent information integration "" covers all topics related to the integration of heterogeneous data , information and knowledge sources . the workshop will bring together researchers , developers , and practitioners and discuss further research and development directions in intelligent integration of information . topics of interest include , but are not limited to : - wrappers and mediators - integration approaches using ontologies / contexts - design principles for ontologies used for integration - languages for information integration - advanced integration architectures - semantic , schematic , vocabulary , data heterogeneity - information sources in internet , intranet - classification schemes ( for mediators , semantic heterogeneity , etc . ) - tools for supporting information integration - reviews and evaluation of existing integration approaches - practical experience with integration approaches - theoretical perspectives of information integrations - ontology mapping , ontology algebras and context logic - intelligent information retrieval - security aspects - change management - federated databases and multi-databases - integration of uncertain or inaccurate sources submission procedure - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - authors are invited to submit original research contributions or experience reports in english . submitted papers must be unpublished and substantially different from papers under review . papers that have been or will be presented at small workshops / symposia whose proceedings are available only to the attendees may be submitted . papers should be double-spaced and no longer than 12 pages . as text formats only latex or microsoft word 6 . 0 ( or higher ) are accepted . papers should be sent electronically not later than march 27 . 1998 to holger wache < wache @ tzi . org > authors that cannot submit papers electronically should please send 5 hard-copies to the following address : holger wache bereich intelligente systeme technologie - zentrum informatik ( tzi ) - fb3 universitaet bremen postfach 330440 d-28334 bremen germany papers received after the deadline or not conforming to the submission format will be rejected without review . papers will be selected on the basis of review of full paper contributions . we propose to publish the contributions in public report series of university of bremen ( "" lila reihe "" ) and via www . the format guidelines for the final paper version will be published at this place . final camera-ready copies of accepted papers will be due by june 01 1998 . please note , we are preparing a special issue in a journal concerning the workshop topic . selected papers will be invited to contribute a revised and extended version in that special issue . important dates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - deadline for papers : march 27 , 1998 notification of acceptance : may 01 , 1998 camera - ready copies of papers : june 01 , 1998 workshop on ecai-98 : august 25 , 1998 organizing committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - this workshop will be organized by the following people : o oliver duschka o dieter fensel o maurizio lenzerini o marie - christine rousset o holger wache ( contact ) program committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - o franz baader ( rwth aachen , germany ) , o stefan conrad ( university of magdeburg , germany ) , o adam faquar ( stanford university , usa ) , o enrico franconi ( irst , italy ) , o james hendler ( university of maryland , usa ) , o manfred jeusfeld ( kub tilburg university , the netherlands ) , o craig a . knoblock ( university of southern california , usa ) , o alon y . levy ( university of washington , usa ) , o eduardo mena ( university of the basque country , spain ) , o robert meersman ( vrije universiteit brussel , belgium ) , o werner nutt ( hebrew university of jerusalem , israel ) , o mike papazoglou ( kub tilburg university , the netherlands ) , o john sowa ( binghamton university , usa )
",0
2290,"Subject: wholes and their parts
 
 wholes and their parts ( w / p ) bolzano , maretsch castle , 17-19 june 1998 , italy * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * updates - - updates - - updates - - updates * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1 . the list of speakers includes bill lawvere , john bell , ieke moerdjik , colin mclarty , carlo cellucci , steve vickers , gonzalo reyes , john mayberry , niles eldredge , alberto peruzzi , roberto poli , ettore casari , alf zimmer , ron langacker , george lakoff , basil hiley . 2 . having received a number of requests for adding further talks to the conference 's programme , alberto and i decided to reorganize the schedule of the works as to find time for some short presentations of 20 ' each . scholars interested in giving a short presentation ( 20 ' ) should submit before march 31 an extended abstract ( < 5 , 000 words ) to the addresses below . notification will be mailed to the authors for april 15 . we are also ready to consider contributions to the volume of proceedings . information will be mailed to the interested scholars in due time . 3 . to keep you updated with more information on the conference this is the url for the w / p home page : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / imc . htm 4 . conference committee : alberto peruzzi : peruzzi @ dada . it roberto poli : poli @ risc1 . gelso . unitn . it * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * roberto poli department of sociology and social research 26 , verdi street 38100 trento - - italy tel . + + 39-461 - 881-403 fax : + + 39-461 - 881-348 e-mail : poli @ risc1 . gelso . unitn . it axiomathes : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / axiomathes . htm imc : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / imc . htm
",0
2291,"Subject: coling - acl ' 98 workshops cfps
 
 below are two coling - acl ' 98 workshop calls for papers : - the computational treatment of nominals - usage of wordnet in natural language processing systems they are seperated by : call for papers coling - acl ' 98 workshop "" the computational treatment of nominals "" august 16 , 1998 universite de montreal montreal / canada http : / / www . cs . brandeis . edu / ~ federica / workshops / coling / call . html this workshop aims at bringing together researchers who are interested in the study of the computational properties of nominals and noun phrases . the focus is on representational questions as they relate directly to nlp requirements and applications . understanding the properties of the nominal system is extremely important since nouns and nominalizations are used extensively by both people and systems : searching and communicating with either a telegraphic or a more expressive language involves heavy use of nominal forms . a number of nlp applications , ranging from "" intelligent "" key-word search to text summarization and information extraction , among others , not only require some way of recognizing nominal forms , but also require at least a shallow understanding of the semantic information that nouns carry . it is therefore of great interest to consider what impact representing semantic knowledge at a finer level of granularity would have towards enhancing a system 's performance . submissions are invited on one or more of the following topics : * representation of nominals : o design of noun ontologies for use in lexical semantics and machine translation o ambiguity , polysemy , vagueness , and underspecification in the semantics of nominals o identifying the minimal requirements for lexical representations * representational issues in the acquisition of knowledge : o from corpora o from mrds o syntactic and morphological bootstrapping o semantic boostrapping ( role of prepositions , arguments , etc . ) * role of representations for the interpretation of nominals : o techniques for recovering implicit information in nominals o interpretation and generation of nominals in descriptions of events and abstract objects in discourse o recovering implicit semantic relations in nominal compounds o defining implicit semantic relations between nominalizations and the forms they are derived from organizing committee federica busa ( brandeis university ) inderjeet mani ( the mitre corporation ) patrick saint dizier ( irit , universite paul sabatier ) submission information * papers are invited that address any of the topics listed above . * maximum length is 8 pages ( single-spaced ) including figures and references . * please use a4 or us letter format and set margins so that the text lies within a rectangle of 6 . 5 x 9 inches ( 16 . 5 x 23 cm ) . * use classical fonts such as times roman or computer modern , 11 to 12 points for text , 14 to 16 points for headings and title . * latex users are encouraged to use the style file provided by coling-acl ' 98 : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / colaclsub . sty * authors should send 5 copies in either electronic ( postscript or latex ) or hard-copy format to : federica busa computer science department volen center for complex systems brandeis university waltham , massachusetts 02254 u . s . a . federica @ cs . brandeis . edu criteria for selection will include clarity , originality , relevance , and significance of results . important deadlines * deadline for submission : march 15th , 1998 * notification of authors : may 1st , 1998 * final versions due : june 1 , 1998 program committee * federica busa ( brandeis university ) * jean mark gawron ( sri international ) * bob ingria ( psyche systems corporation ) * beth levin ( northwestern university ) * inderjeet mani ( the mitre corporation ) * paul portner ( georgetown university ) * james pustejovsky ( brandeis university ) * patrick saint dizier ( irit , universit = c8 paul sabatier ) * antonio sanfilippo ( sharp laboratories of europe ) * evelyne viegas ( crl , new mexico state university ) * piek vossen ( university of amsterdam ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dr . inderjeet mani phone : 703-883 - 6149 principal scientist fax : 703-883 - 1379 the mitre corporation , w640 , 11493 sunset hills road , reston , virginia 22090 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . due to some construction problems one of the large machines here had to be shut down , therefore i had to change the url of the workshop to : http : / / www . ai . sri . com / ~ harabagi / coling-acl 98 / acl _ work / acl _ work . html sorry for the inconvenience , sanda harabagiu call for papers = = = coling - acl ' 98 workshop = = "" usage of wordnet in natural language processing systems "" august 16 , 1998 universite de montreal montreal , canada lexicons are indispensable resources for almost every natural language project . to date , wordnet 1 . 5 represents the largest publicly available on-line lexical resource , already used in various applications of the human language technology . systems performing word sense disambiguation , information extraction or retrieval , prepositional attachment , interpretation of nominalizations , textual summarization , coreference resolution , abductive reasoning conversational implicature , recognition of textual cohesion and coherence , intelligent internet searches and some of the digital libraries projects use wordnet . this workshop intends to bring together researchers that use wordnet in different systems and to focus on two particular issues : ( a ) how to customize the knowledge derived from wordnet for various nlp applications and ( b ) how to derive methods that infer semantic information using wordnet . the contributions might address one or more of the following questions : * what are the nlp applications for which wordnet is a valuable resource and how much effort was involved to integrate it in your systems ? * is wordnet used to build ad-hoc ontologies ? what are the applications that use wordnet - derived ontologies ? * how can wordnet be used to develop a word sense disambiguation algorithm of high performance ? * how to extend wordnet for identifying thematic roles and resolving verb polysemy ? * what minimal customization should be implemented to use wordnet for a large-scale abductive reasoning system ? * is wordnet a lexical knowledge base that can be easily used to adjust information extraction systems across domains ? * are the lexico-semantic relations from wordnet a valid base for developing an extended coreference task for information extraction , and what are the possible methodologies ? * how can wordnet be mined to find textual implied information and what is the degree of plausibility of the returned information ? * what are the approaches of using the extensive linguistic knowledge of wordnet to derive the discourse structure of a text ; can it be the only knowledge source and if not , what additional knowledge may be used ? * what is the current performance boost provided by wordnet in the systems using it ? could your systems perform without wordnet ? * what are the desirable features of wordnet for your system , and what would be the predicted performance increase when having them ? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ organizing committee the workshop is organized by sanda harabagiu ( sri international ) joyce yue chai ( duke university ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ home page : http : / / www . ai . sri . com / ~ harabagi / link _ paper / chpt / acl _ work . html _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ requirements for submission papers are invited that address any of the topics listed above . maximum length is 8 pages including figures and references . please use a4 or us letter format and set margins so that the text lies within a rectangle of 6 . 5 x 9 inches ( 16 . 5 x 23 cm ) . use classical fonts such as times roman or computer modern , 11 to 12 points for text , 14 to 16 points for headings and title . latex users are encouraged to use the style file provided by acl : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / colaclsub . sty papers can be submitted either electronically in postscript format , or as hardcopies . submissions should be sent to : sanda harabagiu sri international 333 ravenswood ave menlo park , ca 94025 u . s . a . ( ph ) ( 650 ) 859-3852 harabagi @ ai . sri . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ timetable deadline for electronic submissions : march 10 , 1998 deadline for hardcopy submissions : march 13 ( arrival date ) notification of acceptance : may 1 , 1998 final manuscripts due : june 12 , 1998 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ program committee alan biermann ( duke university ) joyce chai ( duke university ) martin chodorow ( new york university ) christiane fellbaum ( princeton university ) fernando gomez ( university of central florida ) ken haase ( mit ) sanda harabagiu ( sri international ) marti hearst ( university of california , berkeley ) graeme hirst ( university of toronto ) claudia leacock ( educational testing service ) mitch marcus ( university of pennsylvania ) george a . miller ( princeton university ) dan moldovan ( southern methodist university ) hwee tou ng ( dso national laboratories , singapore ) philip resnik ( university of maryland ) yorick wilks ( university of sheffield )
",0
2292,"Subject: multilinguality workshop : cfp
 
 ecai98 second multilinguality in the lexicon workshop august 25th 1998 a workshop held as part of the 13th biennial european conference on artificial intelligence ( ecai-98 ) august 23rd - 28th , 1998 , brighton , uk organising committee : lynne cahill ( university of sussex ) susan armstrong ( issco ) pierette bouillon ( issco ) roger evans ( itri , university of brighton ) web site : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 / tw / w13 . html the 1st multilinguality in the lexicon workshop took place in april 1996 as part of the aisb workshop series at sussex , and brought together researchers with a wide range of experiences in multilingual lexicon development . in this second mll workshop , we invite papers illustrating progress made since the first meeting , as well as papers on new approaches and applications . as before , the workshop will provide an opportunity for people working on all aspects of multilingual lexicons , both theoretical and practical , to focus on the particular problems and questions associated with multilingual lexical representation . papers are invited on any aspects of multilinguality in the lexicon including but not limited to : pragmatics , semantics , syntax , morphology , phonology , orthography ; machine translation , generation , understanding ; bilingual and multilingual issues ; related and unrelated languages ; issues of representation and access . the workshop will run for one day as part of ecai-98 in brighton , uk . to ensure a workshop rather than mini-conference format , presented papers will be interspersed with substantial discussion sessions . in order to maximise participation , attendees not presenting papers ( and perhaps some who are ) may be asked to lead the discussion sessions . submission format : extended abstracts of not more than 6 pages ( a4 ) are invited . submissions should be either hard copy or ( preferebly ) electronic in self-contained latex or postscript files . submissions should include authors ' name , affiliation , email and full postal address and should be sent to : lynne cahill school of cognitive and computing sciences , university of sussex , falmer , brighton bn1 9qh , uk email : lynne . cahill @ cogs . susx . ac . uk important dates : 1 apr submission deadline 1 may notification of acceptance 1 jun deadline for final papers 25 aug workshop further information : to obtain further information about ecai-98 and the workshop please visit the ecai-98 web site at http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 /
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2293,"Subject: modal verbs in germanic & romance languages
 
 call for papers international conference of the linguistic society of belgium modal verbs in germanic and romance languages 11 - 12 december 1998 university of antwerp - uia ( campus wilrijk ) organizers : patrick dendale ( universities of metz and antwerp ) and johan van der auwera ( universiteit antwerpen - uia ) send a one-page abstract to : patrick dendale university of antwerp ( uia ) romaanse universiteitsplein 1 b - 2610 wilrijk belgium deadline : august 15 , 1998 for further information contact patrick dendale johan van der auwera tel + 32 ( 0 ) 3 820 . 28 . 13 tel + 32 ( 0 ) 3 820 . 27 . 76 fax + 32 ( 0 ) 3 820 . 28 . 23 fax + 32 ( 0 ) 3 820 . 27 . 62 pdendale @ uia . ua . ac . be auwera @ uia . ua . ac . be
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2294,"Subject: non - lexical semantics
 
 apologies for multiple copies final call for papers for the second conference on ( preferably ) non-lexical semantics the conference will be hosted by the university of paris 7 ( france ) , and will take place in may 28-30 , 1998 there will be three one hour talks by invited speakers ( e . zimmermann , s . tsohatzidis and x . ) and the rest of the talks will be contributed papers chosen by the program committee on selection basis . submissions of abstracts ( in english or in french ) for 30 - minute contributed talks ( with 10 additional minutes for discussion ) on any topic in the semantic analysis of natural languages , with strong preference for non-lexical semantics , are welcome . authors should submit 5 copies of ( so called "" anonymous "" ) abstracts , no more than two pages ( but not significantly less than 2 pages ) long . data allowing us to identify and contact the author ( or authors ) should be given separately . e - mail submissions will be accepted ( only when in latex , word or ps ) . in this case authors shoud send a title page with authors ' name , etc . in addition to the anonymous two page abstract . abstract deadline : march 17 , 1998 . send abstract to : conference de semantique c / o r . zuber universite paris 7 ufr linguistique case 7003 2 place jussieu 75251 paris cedex 05 , france the e-mail address to which the abstracts should be sent : rz @ ccr . jussieu . fr . this is also the e-mail address for inquiries . the program of the conference will be completed around the 17th of april at which time conference information will be made available . for organizational reasons we would like to be able to estimate the number of submissions and possible participants well in advance . for this reason we invite any person which would like to submit an abstract or to attend the conference to let us know as soon as possible ( by e-mail ) . program committee : r . zuber - chair ( cnrs , paris ) , f . corblin ( university of rennes ) , b . laca ( university of strasbourg ) , d . lacombe , ( university of paris 7 ) , f . recanati ( cnrs , paris ) , d . wilson ( crea , paris and university college , london )
",0
2295,"Subject: medieval english language & linguistics
 
 xi international conference on medieval english language and linguistics ( selim ) : vigo ( spain ) , 24-26 sep 1998 ; more information , inscription , call for papers : selim98 @ uvigo . es ; http : / / www . uvigo . es / eventos / congresos / selim98 /
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2296,"Subject: cfp : eamt ' 98 workshop , 2 - 3 april , geneva
 
 1998 eamt workshop geneva , 2 - 3 april 1998 translation technology : integration in the workflow environment translation technology is maturing , becoming an increasingly viable option for companies and organizations looking for ways to improve their multilingual document management capabilities . however , there are still many hurdles remaining before translation support software can be universally adopted within the professional translation environment . the eamt ' 98 workshop will be an ideal opportunity for translators , document managers , software localization engineers and linguists to learn more about translation technology , one of the most fascinating branches of the software world , and to discuss with others when to use the technology and when not . this workshop follows up two successful workshops in vienna in august 1996 and in copenhagen in may 1997 . its theme is the practical use and integration of machine translation and computer-based translation tools in the workflow of a variety of organisations . the two-day workshop will be held at the world health organization in geneva , starting at 9 . 30 on april 2 . the eamt ' 98 workshop will be the only international mt - specific event taking place this year in europe . the eamt organizing committee has adopted a structure designed to maximize the interactive exchange of practical knowledge among the participants . the workshop will include two discussion sessions when participants will have ample opportunity for group discussion , for questioning speakers more fully , and for finding out how these tools will help them in their own situations . please note : the 1998 general assembly of eamt will be held in the afternoon of april 2 , starting at 16 . 45 . preliminary programme ( changes may take place ) april 2 9 . 15 registration and coffee 10 . 00 welcome 10 . 15 dimitri theologitis ( cec ) : latest developments of euramis 10 . 55 susan mccormick ( sap ) on sapterm and otelo 11 . 35 lou cremers on oc \ 233 technologies 12 . 05 lunch 13 . 30 doris marty - albisser on translation workflow 14 . 10 maghi king ( issco ) on the workflow investigation for the eu . 14 . 50 ken garner on alpnet in europe 15 . 30 discussion 16 . 30 break 16 . 45 general assembly april 3 9 . 00 mikhael blekhman on pars systems 9 . 40 joerg schuetz ( iai ) on multidoc 10 . 15 break 10 . 45 pierre lewelle on who reference corpus development 11 . 40 monica beltrametti on xerox tools 12 . 20 lunch 13 . 30 discussion 15 . 00 end workshop venue world health organization main building , salle b , 3rd floor 20 avenue appia , ch-1211 geneva 27 registration eamt members will receive / will have received a preliminary program , a list of suggested hotels and a registration form . registration fees : standard registration : sfr 400 , eamt member : sfr 250 , student : sfr 150 further information questions related to local arrangements , contact : olivier pasteur , tel + 41 22 791 2317 , fax + 41 22 791 3995 , email pasteuro @ who . ch for queries related to the programme , contact : john hutchins , email wjhutchins @ compuserve . com for last-minute information about the eamt ' 98 workshop or general information regarding the eamt , contact : european association for machine translation ( eamt ) 54 route des acacias , ch-1227 carouge ( geneva ) , switzerland internet eamt @ cst . ku . dk www . lim . nl / eamt the european association for machine translation is a nonprofit association registered in switzerland . colin brace < cbrace @ lim . nl > amsterdam nl
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2297,"Subject: bilingualism
 
 2nd international symposium on bilingualism 14-17 april , 1999 university of newcastle upon tyne , uk keynote speakers michael clyne ( monash ) francois grosjean ( neuchatel ) monica heller ( oise , toronto ) carol myers scotton ( south carolina ) colloquia 1 . cross - linguistic studies of language acquisition ( marilyn m . vihman : m . vihman @ bangor . ac . uk and ginny mueller gathercole : v . c . gathercole @ bangor . ac . uk ) 2 . bilingual cognitive processing ( david green : ucjtdg @ ucl . ac . uk ) 3 . input in bilingual acquisition ( annick de houwer : vhouwer @ uia . ua . ac . be and elizabeth lanza : elizabeth . lanza @ ilf . uio . no ) 4 . neurolinguistics and acquired communication disorders in bilinguals ( franco fabbro and nick miller : nicholas . miller @ ncl . ac . uk ) 5 . bilingualism in / and the deaf community ( clare gallaway : gallaway @ fs1 . ed . man . ac . uk ) 6 . grammar and codeswitching ( jeanine treffers - daller : j-treffersdaller @ wpg . uwe . ac . uk and ad backus : backus @ ling . ucsd . edu ) 7 . sociolinguistics of bilingual interaction ( ben rampton : ben . rampton @ tvu . ac . uk , mukul saxena : m . saxena @ ucrysj . ac . uk and li wei : li . wei @ ncl . ac . uk ) 8 . trilingualism and trilinguals ( charlotte hoffman : c . hoffman @ mod . lang . salford . ac . uk ) round - table issues of identification and intervention in speech therapy services for the bilingual population ( chair : deirdre martin : martinm @ edusrv1 . bham . ac . uk ) invitation to participants submissions are invited for oral or poster presentations , on all aspects of bilingualism . papers which are based on empirical research and which seek to forge new links between established fields ( e . g . linguistics , psychology , speech & language pathology , sociology , and education ) or to develop new sub-fields are particularly welcome . contributors to the colloquia and round-table should contact the organisers informally as indicated above . all submissions will be peer-reviewed , anonymously , and selected on the grounds of originality , clarity , and significance of findings and conclusions . submission of abstracts each submission should include : 1 ) a cover sheet containing ( a ) the author ( s ) name ( s ) ; ( b ) address ( including telephone number , e-mail and fax , if available ) ; ( c ) affiliation ; ( d ) the title of the presentation ; ( e ) the category of the submission ( oral presentation at parallel session or poster presentation ) ; and ( f ) equipment required for presentation ; and 2 ) three copies of an abstract of no more than 500 words . only hard-copies are considered ( no e-mails pleases ) . abstracts should be sent , by 31 august , 1998 , to : mrs gillian cavagan , isb organising committee , department of speech , university of newcastle upon tyne , ne1 7ru , uk , fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 191 222 6518 , from whom further details may also be obatined ( e - mail : gillian . cavagan @ newcastle . ac . uk ) . for further details and registration forms , please see : http : / / www . ncl . ac / ~ nspeech
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2298,"Subject: linguistics colloquium - - spring 98
 
 call for papers 1998 spring linguistics colloquium the university of north carolina at chapel hill saturday , march 21 , 1998 guest speaker : ivan sag , stanford university papers on any aspect of the study of language will be considered . please submit an abstract of your paper and include any other relevant information , such as a need for audio-visual equipment or special scheduling considerations . presentations will be limited to 30 minutes including discussion . deadline for submission of abstracts is friday , february 27 , 1998 . please submit abstracts to : 1998 spring linguistics colloquium 318 dey hall , cb # 3155 the university of north carolina at chapel hill chapel hill , nc 27599 email inquiries may be sent to hcb @ email . unc . edu
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2299,"Subject: ecology of language acquisition
 
 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ecology of language acquisition international research workshop university of amsterdam , netherlands 11 - 15 january 1999 * * * * * * * * first announcement * * * * * * * * this workshop re-examines certain assumptions implicit in much language acquisition research to date , such as the primacy of the one-speaker - one-hearer interaction ; the predominance of verbal over prosodic and paralinguistic dimensions of talk ; a static interpretation of "" context "" and participant roles ; and the presupposition of a monolingual / monocultural social matrix . the focus of the meeting is thus the complexity of circumstances in which the language acquirer operates , addressed in such questions as : * how should discourse-analytic and anthropological descriptions of communicative interaction be integrated to account not only for "" conversation "" , multi-party and ritual talk , but also man-machine interaction and forms of virtual participation in the networks of cyberspace ? * how should the notion of "" shared context "" be extended to capture the floor shifts and on-line construction of meaning that take place over the progress of an unfolding discourse ? * how can theories of acquisition be made more sensitive to complex linguistic and sociocultural environments that are to varying degrees plural , mixed , and in flux ? the intention is to bring together people and paradigms from l1 and l2 acquisition research with the aim of exploring from an empirical base how the multiple contexts of language acquisition are interrelated , and how , with ecosystemic validity , such interrelations may be theoretically modelled . participation although we are obliged to limit "" real "" participation to 30 people , we are making provision for a form of remote partial participation via e-mail ( with possible audio links ) . further details will follow in future announcements . meanwhile , if you think you will be interested in participating in either capacity , it would help our planning to send us an e-mail message to this effect . in the programme there will be room for some 12 papers , thematically grouped , with keynote speakers . if you would like to propose a paper , please send in an abstract ( maximum 300 words ) by e-mail before 15 april to : e-mail : ecolang @ hum . uva . nl ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ web page : http : / / www . let . uva . nl / ~ ecolang ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this workshop is being organized by jet van dam , jonathan leather and anne bannink ( faculty of humanities , university of amsterdam )
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2300,"Subject: talc98 : second call for proposals
 
 * - * - * - * - * - * - * t a l c 98 * - * - * - * - * - * - * teaching and language corpora 1998 keble college , oxford , 24 - 27 july 1998 second call for proposals * note extended deadline * the use of large computer-held corpora of real language , no longer novel in linguistic research , is increasingly a focus of attention for language teachers . experiments in data driven learning and corpus-based methods are beginning to bear fruit in a wide range of language teaching environments . this international conference will bring together practitioners and theorists with a common interest in the usability of corpus data for such purposes as : * language teaching and learning * student-centred learning and investigation * cross-linguistic comparison * cultural and historical studies following the highly successful talc94 and talc96 conferences at lancaster university , talc98 invites proposals for position papers , reports of work in progress , case-histories of successful corpus applications , and introductions to relevant new resources . the programme will include plenary lectures from professor jean aitchison ( oxford ) and from jeremy clear ( cobuild ) . other speakers will include : guy aston ( bologna ) ; lou burnard ( oxford ) ; prof michael hoey ( liverpool ) ; knut hofland ( bergen ) ; bernhard kettemann ( graz ) ; tony mcenery ( lancaster ) ; chris tribble ( warsaw ) . for further details , please read the conference web site at http : / / users . ox . ac . uk / ~ talc98 / , or send enquiries by email to talc98 @ oucs . ox . ac . uk . timetable abstracts ( 500 - 1000 words ) should be submitted to arrive by 20 march 1998 . all proposals will be reviewed . authors of accepted papers will be notified by 10 april 1998 . the programme will be finalised during may 1998 . full papers ( up to 5000 words ) must be received by 1 june for inclusion in the conference pre-print volume . the conference will run from lunchtime on friday 24 july to lunchtime on monday july 27th , with a single strand of presentations . there will be a book and software exhibit in parallel . venue and cost keble college is located in the heart of oxford , one of the most beautiful university cities in europe , which is easily accessible by road , rail , or air from most major cities . all delegates will be accomodated in modern fully-equipped study-bedrooms within a few minutes walk of the conference centre and all facilities . a single fee of approximately 350 pounds will be charged , covering meals and accomodation , registration , proceedings , and social events for the whole conference . how to submit a proposal proposals for papers should include the following * authors full name and affiliation * title of proposal * contact details ( email , url , phone , fax , postal ) * 500 to 1000 words description of the proposed presentation proposals may be sent via the web page at http : / / users . ox . ac . uk / ~ talc98 / proposals . html or by email , fax , or post , using the form below - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - reminder : the closing date for applications is now 20 march 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * talc98 proposal * * * * * * * * * * * name : affiliation : title of proposal : email : url : telephone : fax : contact address : abstract ( 500 to 1000 words ) : please return completed forms to talc98 , humanities computing unit , 13 banbury rd , oxford ox2 6nn , uk email : talc98 @ oucs . ox . ac . uk fax : + 44 1865 273 275
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2301,"Subject: iatl 14 : final cfp
 
 the 14th annual meeting - - - israeli association for theoretical linguistics iatl 14 june 8 - 9 1998 ben gurion university , beer sheva invited speakers : nina hyams ( ucla ) guglielmo cinque ( university of venice ) iatl 14 , the 14th annual meeting of the israeli association for theoretical linguistics , will be held in ben gurion university , beer sheva , on june 8 - 9 1998 . submissions are invited for papers presenting high quality , previously unpublished research in all areas of theoretical linguistics . please send 7 copies of an anonymous abstract ( maximum length 2 pages ) accompanied by a card with author 's name , affiliation , e / snail-mail , and title of paper to : iatl 14 linguistics programme , department of english , the hebrew university , jerusalem 91905 israel . deadline : march 1 , 1998 . not more than one single-authored abstract per person , plus one co-authored abstract . further information : msjihad @ pluto . mscc . huji . ac . il
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2302,"Subject: glow ' 98 - - ' phonological opacity ' and ' agreement systems '
 
 glow celebrates its 20th anniversary with the 21st glow colloquim hosted by linguistics at tilburg university ( kub ) in the netherland , april 15-17 , 1998 , followed by two simultaneous workshops , "" phonological opacity "" and "" agreement systems "" on april 18 . the programs are given below . for complete information on attending the conference , as well as hotel booking and pre-registration forms , see our web site at http : / / cwis . kub . nl / ~ fdl / research / gm / glow / glow98 / if you do not have web access , send an e - mail to glow ' 98 , c / o conchita . barbe @ kub . nl or write : glow ` 98 c / o linguistics dept . tilburg university p . o . b . 90153 nl-5000 - le tilburg , the netherlands we can also be contacted by fax + 31-13 - 4663110 and phone 31-13 - 4662773 . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = glow ' 98 : program for main session wednesday , april 15 9 : 00 l ' ia nash & alain rouveret "" feature fission and the syntax of argument dps and clitics "" 10 : 30 marc van oostendorp "" phonological feature domains and the content of epenthetic vowels "" 11 : 30 keren rice & trisha causley "" asymmetries in featural markedness : place of articulation "" 14 : 00 marcel den dikken & rint sybesma "" take serials light up the middle "" 15 : 00 maya arad "" stativity , eventiveness , agentivity : object experiencers revisited "" 16 : 30 paolo acquaviva "" uniform lexicalization : deriving spell-out without [ + / - strong ] features "" 17 : 30 gereon mueller "" feature strengthening "" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ thursday , april 16 9 : 00 rose - marie dechaine & mireille tremblay "" on category features "" 10 : 30 anna - maria di sciullo "" features and asymmetrical relations in morphological objects "" 11 : 30 elizabeth ritter & heidi harley "" meaning in morphology : a feature-geometric analysis of person and number "" 14 : 00 artemis alexiadou & elena anagnostopoulou "" restrictions on argument placement : adjacency on case - assignment and an ambiguity with attract f "" 15 : 00 javier ormazabal & juan romero "" attract - f : a case against case "" 16 : 30 m . rita manzini & leonardo m . savoia "" object inflection "" 17 : 30 business meeting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ friday , april 17 9 : 00 hamida demirdache & myriam uribe - etxebarria "" on the projection of temporal structure in natural languages "" 10 : 30 richard campbell "" case features , pro , and definiteness effects "" 11 : 30 ana maria martins "" on the need of underspecified features in syntax : polarity as a case study "" 14 : 00 jairo nunes & eduardo raposo "" portuguese inflected infinitivals and the configurations for feature checking "" 15 : 00 ricardo etxepare "" paratactic dependencies and covert merge "" 16 : 30 gorka elordieta "" the phonological import of syntactic features "" 17 : 30 jonathan david bobaljik "" the autonomy of syntax and the typology of movement "" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ alternates , syntax : 1 . danny fox : "" successive cyclicity : evidence from reconstruction and antecedent contained deletion "" 2 . chung - hye han : "" cross - linguistic variation in the compatibility between negation and imperatives "" 3 . eric haeberli : "" features , categories and checking "" alternates , phonology : 1 . g . l . piggott : "" on features as attributes of prosodic categories "" 2 . harry van der hulst & nancy ritter : "" minimalism at a micro-level : primitives of phonological structure "" = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = glow ' 98 : program for the phonology workshop saturday , april 18 9 : 00 david odden "" cyclicity and counterfeeding in kimatuumbi "" 10 : 30 marc van oostendorp "" non - derivational opacity in allomorph selection "" 11 : 30 ronald sprouse "" enriched input sets as a source of opacity in ot "" 14 : 00 orhan orgun ( invited speaker ) "" phonological opacity and synchronically arbitrary alternations : what two-level phonology can contribute to ot "" 15 : 00 ania lubowicz "" derived environment effects in ot "" 16 : 30 william idsardi "" opacity , sympathy and derivations "" 17 : 30 morris halle ( invited speaker ) "" english stress , 1968-1998 "" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ alternates : 1 . mary bradshaw : "" opacity of penult tone contrast in siswati verbs "" 2 . randall rose : "" redundancy in optimality theory : the place of scanning in a constraint-based approach "" = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = glow ' 98 : program for the syntax workshop saturday , april 18 9 : 00 m . rita manzini & m . l . savoia "" subject - verb and expletive-associate agreement "" 10 : 30 oystein alexander vangsnes "" the role of gender agreement in scandinavian : a study of possessive constructions in four swedish dialects "" 11 : 30 greville corbett ( invited speaker ) "" agreement systems : feature mismatches and the pervasiveness of agreement choices "" 14 : 00 m . teresa guasti & luigi rizzi "" non - agreeing do in child english and the expression of agr "" 15 : 00 henry davis "" person splits , phi - features and temporal architecture "" 16 : 30 lynn nichols "" agreement and locality in lexical structure "" 17 : 30 maria bittner ( invited speaker ) "" on agreement and definiteness "" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ alternates : 1 . josef bayer & alexander grosu : "" agreement as a licensing and blocking factor : towards a solution of an apparent paradox "" 2 . ileana paul : "" exceptional agreement in malagasy ""
",0
2303,"Subject: language maintenance and loss
 
 third international conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands november 26 - november 27 , 1998 call for papers and registration introduction in line with the two previous international conferences on maintenance and loss of minority languages ( noordwijkerhout , the netherlands ; 1988 and 1992 ) , the aim of this conference is to bring together recent developments from various disciplines . the ambition of this third conference is to offer a major contribution to a theoretical discussion on the determinants of language shift and language loss , supported by the exchange of new research data . while the two preceding conferences concentrated mainly on the questions ` what is lost of the language ? ' ( structural-linguistic aspects ) and ` why does shift occur ? ' ( sociological and social-psychological explanatory factors ) , the veldhoven conference will focus on two questions ; ` why does shift occur ? ' and ` how is a language lost ? ' , i . e . , what are the psycholinguistic processes involved in language loss ? emphasis will be on the interaction between the process of transferring from the first to the second language and the gradual decline of skills in the first language , at the individual and group levels . the conference takes place on two consecutive days . plenary speakers are invited to make inspiring and thought-provoking remarks on the two conference themes outlined above , as well as on the broader theoretical framework . together with the contributions of the free paper presenters , the interaction between plenary speakers and participants forms the input for workshops and a round table discussion on the development of an integrated theoretical framework . this framework can then serve as a renewed starting point for continued research into language shift and loss in the new millennium . the organizing committee is also open to contributions from disciplines that have recently entered or touched upon the field and may shed a new light on the language change processes involved . the organizing committee will determine the best manner in which the results of the conference can be published . programme the conference will consist of three sections . the first section addresses the sociological and social-psychological explanatory context in which language shift processes take place . the second section deals with language attrition from a psycholinguistic perspective , and the third is fully devoted to the building of an integrated explanatory framework for processes of language shift and loss . in memory of willem fase , one of the initiators of the first and second conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages , who died in 1997 , a new forum called the willem fase lecture has been set up . this plenary lecture forum will be granted to a promising scholar , to be selected from the abstracts submitted . thursday , november 26 , 1998 section i : language shift from a sociological and social-psychological perspective 08 . 30-09 . 30 registration at koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands tea / coffee 09 . 30-10 . 00 conference opening 10 . 00-11 . 00 plenary session : lesley milroy 11 . 00-12 . 00 plenary session : richard bourhis 12 . 00-13 . 00 lunch 13 . 00-13 . 45 parallel sessions of free papers 13 . 45-14 . 30 parallel sessions 14 . 30-15 . 15 parallel sessions 15 . 15-15 . 30 closing session of section i 15 . 30-16 . 00 tea / coffee section ii : language loss from a psycholinguistic perspective 16 . 00-17 . 00 plenary session : kees de bot 17 . 00-17 . 45 parallel sessions 17 . 45-18 . 30 parallel sessions 19 . 00-20 . 30 dinner friday , november 27 , 1998 section ii continued : language loss from a psycholinguistic perspective 08 . 30-09 . 30 plenary session : joel walters 09 . 30-10 . 15 parallel sessions 10 . 15-10 . 30 closing session of section ii 10 . 30-11 . 00 tea / coffee 11 . 00-12 . 00 plenary session : willem fase lecture 12 . 00-13 . 00 lunch section iii : towards an integrated explanatory framework for processes of language shift and loss 13 . 00-15 . 00 preparatory workshops 15 . 00-15 . 30 tea / coffee 15 . 30-17 . 00 round table chaired by michael clyne 17 . 00-17 . 30 closing session of conference general information conference secretariat tilburg university research group on language and minorities c / o heleen strating - keurentjes p . o . box 90153 nl-5000 le tilburg tel + 31 13 4662588 fax + 31 13 4663110 e - mail language . loss . 98 @ kub . nl organizing committee - dr . ton ammerlaan , arnhem school of business - madeleine hulsen , university of nijmegen - dr . jetske klatter - folmer , tilburg university - heleen strating - keurentjes , tilburg university - piet van avermaet , university of leuven - dr . kutlay yagmur , tilburg university scientific committee - prof . kees de bot , university of nijmegen - prof . michael clyne , monash university , melbourne - prof . joshua fishman , stanford university , california / yeshiva university , new york - prof . koen jaspaert , university of leuven - dr . sjaak kroon , tilburg university location the conference will be held at koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands . this modern conference center is situated in forested areas , only fifteen minutes from the city of eindhoven and eindhoven airport . all rooms have a shower , toilet , television and telephone . koningshof offers a wide range of indoor and outdoor sports and leisure facilities , including a swimming pool , sauna , fitness club and squash court . registration and fees for registration , all participants ( including authors of submitted abstracts of papers ) are requested to mail the attached registration form before august 1 , 1998 . the registration fees are : dfl 410 conference programme and full board , before july 1 , 1998 . dfl 460 conference programme and full board , after july 1 , 1998 . dfl 235 conference programme , before july 1 , 1998 . dfl 285 conference programme , after july 1 , 1998 . please add an additional dfl 10 to cover international transfer charges if subscribing from abroad . the fee for the programme covers the conference fee , lunches on thursday and friday , tea / coffee during breaks , and the foreseen conference publication . the fee for full board additionally covers a single-room accommodation for one night including breakfast at koningshof conference center on thursday / friday as well as dinner on thursday . you will receive confirmation of registration , and the final programme at the end of august , 1998 . those who arrive earlier or wish to stay longer must take care of further accommodations themselves . they can contact the conference secretariat . payment of fees all payments should reach us either before june 15 , 1998 or ultimately by august 1 , 1998 ( see registration and fees ) . fees should be paid in dutch guilders to : kub / flw , account number 2386602 , mentioning ' code 1 . 8210 . w334 ' . cancellations the conference secretariat should be notified of cancellations in writing . if cancellations are received before august 1 , 1998 all fees , minus a cancellation charge of 25 % will be refunded . if cancelled after august 1 , but before september 1 , 1998 the cancellation charge will be 50 % . no refunds will be made for cancellations received later than september 1 , 1998 . submission of papers all those intending to present a paper in the free paper parallel sessions are requested to submit a one-page abstract before april 15 , 1998 . abstracts are for 35 - minute papers ( plus 10 minutes for discussion ) . please send three double-spaced copies of the abstract , of which two should be without any identification of author or affiliation , and the third should include your name , affiliation , postal address , e-mail , fax and phone number . you are also asked to include a diskette containing the abstract ( preferably in word perfect 5 . 1 or higher ) . please state at the top of each copy for which section of the conference the abstract is intended ( section i or ii ) . english will be the official language and the preferred language for the presentation of papers . notification of acceptance of the paper will be sent before june 1 , 1998 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration form third international conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages , koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands , november 26 - november 27 , 1998 . please fill out completely and return to the conference secretariat before july 1 , or ultimately before august 1 , 1998 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ o male / o female name , initials : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . first name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . institution : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mailing address : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tel . / fax : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e - mail : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please register me for : o conference programme and full board , before july 1 , 1998 . dfl 410 o conference programme and full board , after july 1 , 1998 . dfl 460 o conference programme , before july 1 , 1998 . dfl 235 o conference programme , after july 1 , 1998 . dfl 285 i hereby confirm that the fees have been remitted to the kub / flw account ( see \ 171payment of fees \ 187 ) . special requests or requirements : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . place / date : signature :
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2304,"Subject: generative grammar
 
 the 8th colloquium on generative grammar will be held in palmela , portugal , from april 19 until 22 . enclosed is the program and information concerning accommodation and registration . 8th colloquium on generative grammar palmela , 19-22 april 1998 program april 19 17 . 00 - registration 18 . 30 - invited speaker anna maria di sciullo ( uqam ) local asymmetries in romance , morphological paradigms and morphological objects 20 . 30 - dinner party at the castle april 20 9 . 00 - spanish indefinites in a type - driven logical form javier guti \ 233rrez - rexach ( ohio state university ) 9 . 40 - two types of cognate objects asya pereltsvaig ( mcgill university ) 10 . 20 - some remarks on nominal features juan romero ( uam ) coffee 11 . 20 - contrast dialectal i escales articulat \ 242ries : la sonoritzaci \ 243 d ' obstruents en catal \ 224 jes \ 250s jim \ 233nez martinez ( univ . of valencia ) 12 . 00 - between syntax and phonology : phrasal weight effects in european portuguese . marina vig \ 225rio and s \ 243nia frota ( univ . minho & univ . lisbon ) 12 . 40 - the analysis of stress within ot : constraints , ranking and correspondence theory . teresa vallverd \ 250 alboru \ 224 ( uab ) lunch 14 . 00 - paratactic dependencies and covert merge ricardo etxeparre ( l . e . i . a . / c . u . s ) 14 . 40 - the reflexive / medio-passive merger : diachronic syntax under minimalist assumptions . mark hale and madelyn kissock ( concordia univ . ; oakland univ . ) 15 . 20 - restructuring control susi wurmbrand ( mit ) tea 16 . 20 - post - verbal subjects with unaccusative verbs and passive forms , case assignment and definiteness restriction . ana maria brito ( univ . porto ) 17 . 00 - some remarks on denominal verbs silvia gumiel , norberto moreno , isabel p \ 233rez and juan romero ( ortega y gasset ) 17 . 40 - towards deriving the epp and abstract case eric haeberli ( univ . of geneva ) april 21 9 . 00 - soft constraints vs parameters in the analysis of discourse - configurationality joao costa ( hil / leiden univ . & univ . of lisbon ) 9 . 40 - what merge and move can or can't do luis l \ 243pez ( univ . of missouri ) 10 . 20 - focus and economy in scrambling languages natalia kondrashova ( cornell university ) coffee 11 . 20 - vowel quality and prosodic structure in brazilian portuguese ruben van de vijver ( tuebingen university ) 12 . 00 - dominancia del troqueo valenciano teresa cabr \ 233 monn \ 233 ( uab ) 12 . 40 - raddoppiamento sintattico as an epiphenomenon young - mee yu cho ( rutgers university ) lunch 14 . 00 - rhythmic differences between brazilian and european portuguese : evidence from rhythm implementation and the pf interface . maria bernadete abaurre & charlotte galves ( unicamp ) 14 . 40 - case splits , animacy and burzio 's generalization diane nelson ( leeds univ ) 15 . 20 - minimalism , antisymmetry and the dynamics of morphological strength frank drijkoningen ( ots / utrecht university ) tea 16 . 20 - movement across "" de "" virginia motapanyane ( univ . of new brunswick ) 17 . 00 - conflation processes revisited jaume mateu i fontanals ( uab ) 17 . 40 - nominale senza articolo e lingue germaniche paola crisma ( padova univ ) april 22 9 . 00 - unaccusativity mismatches in greek artemis alexiadou & elena anagnastopoulou ( potsdam university & mit ) 9 . 40 - two sources for relative clause formation in brazilian portuguese mary kato & jairo nunes ( unicamp ) 10 . 20 - on dative arguments and shortest move beatriz fernandez fernandez ( univ . basque country ) 11 . 00 - subjunctive free relatives and free choice descriptions josep quer ( ots / utrecht univ ) coffee 12 . 15 - invited speaker : heles contreras ( univ . washington , seattle ) negation in english and spanish alternates : syntax : conditions on optional movement - kumiko ikeda ( univ . arkansas ) the syntax of argument structure and "" entre "" - phrases revisited - linda escobar ( madrid ) negative concord in simple sentences - eva berkes ( univ . complutense madrid ) feature strength and pied - piping - norvin richards ( mit ) phonology : inherent vs . prosodic features in sign language phonology - diana brentari ( purdue univ ) palmela how to get to palmela : on sunday 19th , there will be a bus leaving from lisbon airport to the conference site , castle of palmela , at 16 . 00 . may you not want to take the bus , please follow the directions below : by car : from lisbon airport , go to a2 , direction set \ 250bal ( south ) . take the exit at palmela and follow the directions to palmela and to the castle . by bus : from lisbon airport , take a taxi to pra \ 231a de espanha . take the bus to set \ 250bal - end stop ( bus station ) . there , take a bus to palmela . get off at the stop in palmela , and walk or take a taxi to the castle . fees and lodging the colloquium fees is pte 7 500 $ 00 ( about us $ 42 ) , from which the participants presenting talks are exempted . the organising committee is trying to raise funds to give grants to such participants . the colloquium will take place in pousada de palmela , located in a castle which once belonged to the military order of santiago , about 40 kms away from lisbon . as the pousada only has 25 rooms available , participants wishing to be lodged there are strongly recommended to make an early booking . alternative lodging will be available in a hotel in set \ 250bal , about 7 kms away from the pousada ; the organising committee will provide transportation between set \ 250bal and the pousada in the morning and late in the afternoon . participants wishing to book their accommodation and meals through the organising committee may choose one of the following packages : package 1 : lodging in a double room and breakfast at the pousada de palmela ( 19-20 , 20-21 , 21-22 ) + dinner ( 19 ) + lunches ( 20 , 21 ) + coffee - break ( 5 ) + registration fee = pte 46 500 $ 00 package 2 : lodging in a single room and breakfast at the pousada de palmela ( 19-20 , 20-21 , 21-22 ) + dinner ( 19 ) + lunches ( 20 , 21 ) + coffee - break ( 5 ) + registration = pte 74 000 $ 00 package 3 : lodging in a double room and breakfast at the albergaria laitau , set \ 250bal ( 19-20 , 20-21 , 21-22 ) + dinner ( 19 ) + lunches ( 20 , 21 ) + coffee - break ( 5 ) + registration fee = pte 32 500 $ 00 package 4 : lodging in a single room and breakfast at the albergaria laitau , set \ 250bal ( 19-20 , 20-21 , 21-22 ) + dinner ( 19 ) + lunches ( 20 , 21 ) + coffee - break ( 5 ) + registration fee = pte 42 500 $ 00 package 5 : dinner ( 19 ) + lunches ( 20 , 21 ) + coffee - break ( 5 ) + registration fee = pte 22 500 $ 00 colloquium secretariat all mail should be sent to : 1 . gabriela matos dlgr , faculdade de letras da universidade de lisboa alameda da universidade 1699 lisboa codex portugal fax : 351 - 1-7960063 or 2 . manuela . ambar @ fl . ul . pt
",0
2305,"Subject: sociolinguistics symposium
 
 reminder : you can still register ( at the standard rate of 140 pounds sterling until february 28 , thereafter 160 pounds ) for ' ss12 ' - the 12th ( uk ) sociolinguistics symposium . this is the sociolympics - at least on the european side of the atlantic ! ' ss12 ' will be held at the institute of education university of london 20 bedford way london wc1h oal uk from thursday 26th march ( mid-day ) to saturday 28th march ( mid-day ) 1998 programme plenaries colloquia papers in parallel sessions short ' work in progress ' reports poster presentations publishers displays social events british sign language interpretation available to participants who request this in advance . academic organising committee professor jenny cheshire , queen mary & westfield college , university of london ; professor jennifer coates , roehampton institute london ; dr penelope gardner - chloros , birkbeck college , university of london ; dr ben rampton & celia roberts , thames valley university ; euan reid , institute of education , university of london . ; professor brian street , king 's college , university of london . plenaries professor jan blommaert ( university of antwerp / international pragmatics association ) : reconstructing the sociolinguistic image of africa : grassroots writing in shaba , congo . professor debbie cameron ( university of strathclyde , glasgow ) , good to talk ? the discourse and practice of communication skills . professor penny eckert ( stanford university ) variation , style & identity . professor susan gal ( university of chicago ) language ideologies and linguistic boundaries : the semiotics of differentiation . colloquia 1 . speech representation & institutional discourse convenors : stef slembrouck , dept of english , university of gent , belgium & mike baynham , centre for language & literacy , university of technology , sydney this colloquium aims to bring together concerns with institutional discourse and an interest in discourse representation phenomena ( ' reported speech ' ) . its focus will be on how institutional members ( clients , professionals and novices ) represent , incorporate and appropriate the discourses ( ' voices ' ) of ' the other ' in their own discourse . this theme is intended to reflect the growing body of research into practices of discourse representation in a range of sites ( media , legal , educational , social work ) . in these sites , such practices are often constitutive of institutional processes and affect institutional outcomes . the colloquium theme also ties in with the current interest ( within pragmatics , discourse analysis , etc . ) in re-contextualisation and processes of ( re ) formulation . contributors include : malcolm coulthard , janet maybin , geert jacobs , titus ensink , greg myers , graham hall , srikant sarangi & akira satoh , 2 . constructing the university : problematizing the notion of language in academic discourse . convenors : carys jones & brian street , school of education , king 's college , university of london the aim of this colloquium is to explore issues surrounding academic literacies and the genre of faculty feedback , with particular reference to british and international students in higher education . rather than focus on study skills or academic socialisation , the dominant discourses in this field , the session will address from a number of perspectives the model of academic literacies and discourses , which problematise the varied literacy practices involved in the constitution of ' the university ' . in particular the focus will be on the gap between student and faculty expectations of academic writing processes and the conceptualisation and representation of ' language ' embedded in them . contributors will include , in addition to the convenors , fiona english , monika hermerschmidt , mary lea , mary scott , joan turner & theresa lillis . 3 . language , gender & sexuality convenor : debbie cameron ( university of strathclyde ) this colloquium is a response to the rapid development of sociolinguistic work in which sexuality or sexual identity is a key social variable . among the questions we hope to reflect on , in papers , responses to papers and open discussion , are : is there and should there be a distinctive gay / lesbian sociolinguistics ? how should we theorise the relationship between sexuality and gender ? have sociolinguists talked too little about heterosexualities ? how do sociolinguists position themselves with regard to existing theories of sexual identity / practice , especially feminist theory and queer theory ? contributors : kathryn remlinger , paul mcilvenny , joanne winter . 4 . oral narratives across contexts & cultures convenors : alexandra georgakopoulou , dept . of byzantyne and modern greek studies , king 's college , university of london & shoshana blum - kulka , department of communication , hebrew university , jerusalem , israel . the goal of the colloquium is to bring together ethnographic , discourse analytical and interactional sociolinguistic perspectives to discuss the role of context and culture in the discursive shaping of oral narrative modes and functions . the papers presented will attempt to combine micro-level with macro-level analytic concerns , and their scope will cover a wide range of oral narrative modes ( e . g . conversational stories , life histories , mediated discourse narratives , family dinner narratives ) in different communities . papers will be presented by catherine snow , shoshana blum - kulka , alexandra georgakopoulou , esther schelly - newman and tamar katriel . the discussants of the presentations will include johanna thornborrow , maria sifianou , mike baynham and paddy scannell . 5 . disability , language & social identity convenor : graham h . turner , deaf studies group , department of education studies , university of central lancashire , preston this interdisciplinary colloquium sets out to address questions raised by claims about ' deaf identity ' - in the sense of an identity shaped by distinct linguistic and cultural forms - and other disabled identities , by focusing upon the role of language in discourse practices that construct and reflect such identities . does the language currently used by and about disabled people ( including deaf people ) sustain the distinction , and what part does language play in any changes being witnessed ? in spite of the existence of theoretical deaf and disability literature , relatively little has to date emerged by way of empirical accounts of language choices in either personal or institutional discourse , and there has been little theorization of language practices in such contexts . while sociolinguists ' discussions of ( for instance ) ethnicities move on from the debate about group-membership - as-acquired - disposition versus group-membership - as-situated - performance , there remains little exploration of even these two notions in relation to language and disability . the purpose of this colloquium is to assess the state of knowledge in this field and to begin to explore ( a ) the role of disabled people in effecting language change , ( b ) the extent to which communicative practices are defining in relation to disabled identities , ( c ) what ( if any ) patterns emerge from the cross-referencing of different groups in this regard and ( d ) what kinds of research could tell us more about the role of language in constructing and performing disability . within this session ( which will have british sign language / english interpretation ) four 25 - minute papers will be followed by short independent responses from two discussants and an open workshop session for exploration of issues arising . contributors include : jenny corbett , mairian corker , susan gregory , & kyra pollitt . 6 . computer - mediated communication , language and society convenor : dr . simeon j . yates , discipline of sociology , faculty of social sciences , open university . the colloquium will cover a range of sociolinguistic topics relating to the use of computer - mediated communication ( cmc ) in contemporary society . cmc systems range from the personal forms of electronic mail and internet-relay chat , through on-line forms of audio and video conferencing , to the world wide web and other digital media formats . the aim of the colloquium is to explore , through the discussion of presented papers , the connections between language use , cmc and key aspects of contemporary society , such as : globalisation , work , politics , identity , gender and media genres . this colloquium represents a development of the session on the socio-linguistics of computer - mediated communication ( cmc ) held at ss11 , and will provide an opportunity for researchers in this field to present and discuss current theories and findings . the focus of the session will be upon the relationship between contemporary society , contemporary language use and the various forms of cmc . speakers will include : simeon j . yates , susan herring , john paolillo , lynn cherny , lorenzo mondada , robert fouser , zazie todd , p . nayar & jacqueline johnson lambiase . . 7 . maintaining indigenous languages , with special reference to latin america - state planning vs grass - roots initiatives : convenors : jane freeland ( univ of portsmouth ) & rosaleen howard - malverde ( univ of liverpool ) latin american governments are giving increasing attention to the maintenance of indigenous langauges , mainly through formal education . however , outcomes frequently clash with , are even destructive of , language maintenance strategies developed by organised indigenous groups . this workshop will explore the relationship between these different approaches , through a series of brief case studies ( pre-circulated ) , but above all through extensive discussionof the language planning issues raised by this clash . speakers will include : kendall king , sheila aikman , serafin coronel - molina , tim marr & eliseo canulef m . 8 . language & multimodality convenor : prof . gunther kress , culture communication and societies ( ccs ) group , institute of education , london texts in many domains of public communication are becoming more intensely multimodal : that is , they make a deliberate use of the visual as well as the written ( where before that might have been an incidental matter ) for overt purposes of communication . social difference therefore finds expression not only in the linguistic mode whether written or spoken ( as in generic or discursive differences , eg ) but in other modes . different combinations , different emphases of modes may respond to different social purposes , so that even at this level there is a new issue of what the consequences are for language . if in a multimodal text some information is carried visually and some verbally - where before it was all carried verbally - it follows that language will play a different role in the overtly multi modal text than it did in the formerly ( at least ostensibly ) monomodal text . other participants : theo van leeuwen , david graddol , roz ivanic & fiona ormerod , radan martinec , carey jewitt , and judy delin . 9 . teaching & learning bilingually in post - colonial contexts convenors : marilyn martin - jones , university of lancaster & peter martin , universiti brunei darussalam . over the last decade , there has been an increasing amount of research into language practices in schools and classrooms in a number of post-colonial contexts . in each of these multililngual contexts , a former colonial language is still used as a medium of instruction . the aim of this colloquium is to bring together researchers working in different multilingual sites and to enable them to compare insights from research which combines detailed analysis of bilingual classroom discourse with ethnographic observation . our specific objectives are ( 1 ) to compare the ways in which teachers and learners in these settings accomplish lessons in two languages ; ( 2 ) to identify commonalities and differences in bilingual discourse practices observed and analysed in different institutional sites ; ( 3 ) to discuss the implications of these commonalities and differences . contributors include : casimir rubagumya , grace bunyi & nancy hornberger , angel lin & jo arthur , in addition to the convenors . 10 . language play & the construction of meaning among working class teenagers in hong kong . convenor : angel lin , city university of hong kong . other contributors will include isaac lam , michelle kwan , tit - wing lo & kevin chu , with chris candlin as discussant . 11 . there will also be a postgraduate workshop , convened by kristina bennert , of university college , cardiff . bennert @ cardiff . ac . uk . further details on programme by post : the full provisional programme is now being sent by post to people as they register , along with local travel details , and hotel booking arrangements . on the internet : our website is being updated regularly until the event itself , and you can find us at : http : / / www . ioe . ac . uk / ccs / ss12 papers as well as the colloquia , the programme includes c60 35 - minute ' papers ' - where presenters are being encouraged to speak for no more than c20 minutes , leaving c15 minutes for questions and discussion , c20 15 minute ' reports ' on work in progress ) , and c12 ' posters ' . the criteria for selection were : originality , significance , estimated contribution to conceptual development of the field , lucidity . all submissions , including those for the colloquia , were subject to anonymous review by members of the committee during september and october 1997 , with the help of colloquium convenors where appropriate . in addition to those speaking in the colloquia , presenters will include david barton , stella bortoni - ricardo , jennifer coates , jenny cheshire , gemma moss , anne pauwels , mark sebba , alison sealey . costs standard symposium fee - 140 pounds sterling late symposium fee - 160 pounds sterling ( for bookings received after february 27 , 1998 ) student / unwaged symposium fee - 95 pounds , ( on production of satisfactory evidence of status ) day symposium fees ( only available after the standard booking period ends on february 27 , 1998 , and if places are left ) . registration the form which follows is only about registration for the symposium itself , administered by the institute of education 's conference office : email c . bird @ ioe . ac . uk , not , please not , the sender of this message ! ( for accommodation see note at end . ) payment of the appropriate symposium fee is obligatory , and will entitle you to all documents for the meeting ( programme , abstracts booklet , participants list ) , and to a badge giving admission to sessions , tea / coffee etc at breaks , and buffet lunches . conference registration form : ( print this off and fax or mail it , or use the electronic version on our website - address of this at the end of the posting ) please complete the following as you would like it to appear on the participants ' list - only one person on each form ] : your title : ( mr / ms / dr / prof / . . . . . ) your family name : your other name ( s ) : your institution & departmental address : phone and fax numbers for communication ( say if work or private ) : your email number : address for correspondence if different from your institution : please reserve a conference place for me : date of booking . . . . . either for the whole meeting or @ standard rate of 140 pounds or @ late rate of 160 pounds or for the following half-days thursday 26 / 3 @ 45 pounds friday 27 / 3 am @ 45 "" friday 27 / 3 pm @ 45 "" saturday 28 / 3 @ 45 "" completed registration forms , along with sterling cheques ( non-sterling cheques or bank transfers add 10 % please ) payable to ' institute of education - ss12 ' , should be sent to the conference office ( ss12 ) , institute of education , 20 bedford way , london wc1h 0al , uk . booking enquiries can be made to the conference officer there , cathy bird ( c . bird @ ioe . ac . uk ) tel : + 44 . 171 . 612 . 6017 . . . . fax : + 44 . 171 . 612 . 6402 . accommodation bookings should be made independently , or through hotelscene , a reservation service offering discounted accommodation in a range of hotels etc within a few minutes walk from the institute of education in the bloomsbury district of west central london . hotelscene information will be normally only sent to you on receipt of your registration forms , but can be sent earlier if you need it - on request to the conference office . single room and breakfast prices will be from about 20 pounds per night in a student hall of residence [ not many of these left now ] , to about \ 163100 per night in a first class hotel - less per head in double rooms . website address for updates on ss12 : http : / / www . ioe . ac . uk / ccs / ss12 . euan reid culture , communication and societies institute of education university of london 20 bedford way london wc1h 0al tel : + 44 171 612 6524 / fax : + 44 171 612 6177
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2306,"Subject: l2 acquisition of rom
 
 call for papers special session : second language acquisition and the romance languages 1998 convention of the modern language association ( mla ) december 27-30 , 1998 san francisco , ca abstracts of no more than 500 words on any aspect of second language acquisition relating to the learning or teaching of romance languages ( preference given to language acquisition in instructed settings ) . abstracts must be received by march 16 , 1998 . participants must be mla members by april 1 , 1998 . abstracts or inquiries to : jeffrey reeder dept . of modern foreign languages baylor university , box 97393 waco , tx 78798 fax : ( 254 ) 710-3799 e-mail : jeffrey _ reeder @ baylor . edu
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2307,"Subject: fhcg-98
 
 joint conference on formal grammar , head-driven phrase structure grammar , and categorial grammar august 14-16 , 1998 , saarbruecken , germany second call for papers fhcg-98 combines the 4th conference on formal grammar and the 5th conference on head - driven phrase structure grammar . it precedes the 10th european summer school in logic , language , and information ( esslli x ) . aims and scope fhcg-98 hopes to provide a platform for presentation of new and original research on formal grammar , head-driven phrase structure grammar , and categorial grammar . themes of interest include , but are not limited to , * formal and computational syntax , semantics , and pragmatics ; * head-driven phrase structure grammar and categorial grammar ; * model-theoretic and proof-theoretic methods in linguistics ; * constraint-based and resource-sensitive approaches to grammar ; * foundational , methodological and architectural issues in grammar . special events the conference features a symposium on unbounded dependencies as well as a special session on information packaging . symposium on unbounded dependencies : empirical problems and formal techniques invited speakers : anne abeille ( paris 7 university ) bob carpenter ( bell labs , murray hill ) michael moortgat ( utrecht university ) ivan sag ( stanford university ) ed stabler ( ucla ) annie zaenen ( xerox , grenoble ) the symposium provides a comparison of recent work on unbounded dependencies from various theoretical angles . relevant empirical issues include , but are not limited to , parasitic gaps , relative clauses , pied-piping , atb - phenomena , weak and strong islands , comparatives , and the semantics of wh-questions . there will be presentations focussing on recent work in hpsg , lfg , tag , cg , and the minimalist framework , followed by a panel discussion . special session on information packaging invited speakers : elisabeth engdahl ( university of gothenburg ) enric vallduvi ( universitat pompeu fabra , barcelona , t . b . c . ) this session is concerned with formal approaches to information packaging - - - those linguistic strategies which allow information to be encoded in different ways , appropriate to different contexts , emphasizing the interpretive significance of basic information packaging distinctions and their grammatical realization within and across natural languages . the special session will consist of two invited lectures and contributed papers appropriate to its theme . submission details we invite e-mail submissions of abstracts for 30 - minute papers ( including questions and comments ) . a submission should consist of two parts : - an information sheet ( in ascii ) , containing the name of the author ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , e-mail and postal address ( es ) , a title , and an indication whether the paper is to be considered for the special session on information packaging ; - an abstract , consisting of a description of not more than 5 pages ( including figures and references ) . abstracts may be either in plain ascii or in ( unix-compatible encoded ) postscript , pdf , or dvi . please avoid using binhex or mime . abstracts can be sent to fg @ ufal . mff . cuni . cz ( geert - jan m . kruijff ) ( extended ) abstract submission deadline march , 31 , 1998 notification of acceptance may , 15 , 1998 proceedings a full version of the accepted paper will be included in the conference proceedings , to be distributed at the conference . full papers are due july , 1 , 1998 . publication pending final approval by the publisher , a selected number of papers will be published as a volume of the recently started csli - series "" studies in constraint - based lexicalism "" , with series editors andreas kathol , jean - pierre koenig and sam mchombo . there will be a separate round of submission and reviewing for this volume after the conference . programme committee gosse bouma ( groningen , chair ) richard oehrle ( arizona , chair ) klaus netter ( dfki , local arrangements ) geert - jan kruijff ( prague , submissions ) anne abeille ( paris ) bob kasper ( ohio state ) bob carpenter ( bell labs ) andreas kathol ( uc berkeley ) john coleman ( oxford ) shalom lappin ( london ) ann copestake ( csli ) glyn morrill ( barcelona ) mary dalrymple ( xerox parc ) tsuneko nakazawa ( tokyo ) elisabeth engdahl ( gotenborg ) anton nijholt ( twente ) daniele godard ( paris ) gertjan van noord ( groningen ) erhard hinrichs ( tuebingen ) carl pollard ( ohio state ) jack hoeksema ( groningen ) further information web site for esslli x : http : / / top . coli . uni-sb . de / esslli / web site for fhcg-98 : http : / / www . dfki . de / events / hpsg98 / the organizers : gosse bouma ( chair ) gosse @ let . rug . nl dick oehrle ( chair ) rto @ chol . douglass . arizona . edu klaus netter ( local arrangements ) klaus . netter @ dfki . de geert - jan kruijff ( paper submissions ) gj @ ufal . mff . cuni . cz fhcg-98 fhcg-98 fhcg-98 fhcg-98 fhcg-98 fhcg-98 fhcg-98 fhcg-98 fhcg-98 - gosse bouma , alfa - informatica , rug , postbus 716 , 9700 as groningen gosse @ let . rug . nl tel . + 31-50 - 3635937 fax + 31-50 - 3636855
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2308,"Subject: ld ' 98 second cfp
 
 ld ' 98 the first international workshop on labelled deduction freiburg , germany , september 7 - 9 , 1998 http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * second call for papers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * aim and format to survey research in the field , and to allow researchers ( in logic , computer science , artificial intelligence , linguistics , etc . ) to exchange ideas , techniques and results . o both finished work and work in progress can be reported . we welcome three classes of submissions with presentation : + system description : 2 pages ( system demo ) + work in progress : 5 pages ( short presentation ) + polished work : 15 pages ( long presentation ) o submissions will be refereed primarily on a basis of relevance , for an informal proceedings distributed only at the workshop . since an intention of the workshop is to survey current work , versions of papers that have been , or may , appear elsewhere are welcome . papers may later be submitted to a planned second round of refereeing , for proper publication as a book or journal special issue . o submissions should be sent by email : please mail + a postscript file , and + a plain text file including title , authors , and contact information to ld98 @ informatik . uni-freiburg . de * topics of interest we welcome papers on current research in all aspects of labelled deduction , including but not limited to : o logical modeling based on labelled deduction o formal metatheory for , or based on , labelled deduction o hybrid reasoners and combinations of logics based on labelling o automated reasoning , implementation , and system support o annotated logic programming o applications * important dates o submission : april 15th , 1998 o notification : june 26th , 1998 o final papers : july 31st , 1998 o workshop : sept 7 - 9 , 1998 * conference site institut fuer informatik of the university of freiburg . freiburg is a town of about 200 , 000 inhabitants at the edge of the black - forest . the city is easily accessible , being within an hour from international airports in strasbourg and basel . there are also good connections ( hourly trains ) to airports in frankfurt and zurich , which are about 2 to 3 hours away . * organizing committee david basin and luca vigano ` * program committee david basin , institut fuer informatik , freiburg , germany marcello d ' agostino , universita ` di ferrara , italy dov gabbay , imperial college , london , uk sean matthews , max - planck - institut fuer informatik , saarbruecken , germany luca vigano ` , institut fuer informatik , freiburg , germany * addresses o the ld ' 98 home page ( http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 / ) o email : ld98 @ informatik . uni-freiburg . de o by post : ld ' 98 c / o luca vigano ` institut fuer informatik universitaet freiburg am flughafen 17 79110 freiburg germany phone : + 49 ( 761 ) 203-8243 fax : + 49 ( 761 ) 203-8242
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2309,"Subject: cfp : endangered languages - edinburgh , 25-27 sept 98
 
 endangered languages - what role for the the specialist ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - edinburgh , scotland - 25-27 september 1998 call for papers the workshop will provide a forum for researchers and activists working for the maintenance of indigenous languages that face an uncertain future . conference scope and aims in recent years , number of support organizations have established themselves , all aiming to mobilize research effort , popular opinion and money in defence of declining languages . the question is often raised of how these outsiders can really help the cause that they have identified . language communities must have inner strength in order to survive , or at least the will and the means to go on using their traditional tongues . outside organizations , however well-meaning , cannot supply such qualities directly . some ask whether the organizations even have the right to try to interfere . this conference , the second organized by the foundation for endangered languages , is seeking answers to one part of this question . how can language specialists , whether professional linguists , educators , media professionals or whoever , actually contribute to language maintenance ? we shall be looking for testimony on the actual effects of professional involvement on small language communities throughout the world : both community members , and the professionals themselves will have their tales to tell . we do not expect a common set of conclusions to emerge from this sharing of experience and analysis . but we shall be looking at the variety we find , and asking if it points to a good way to define the roles of the support organizations : how they can complement one another , perhaps sharing techniques , perhaps transmitting knowledge ? some themes that need to be addressed : when does the professional best act as an external consultant , when as a team-player ? what are useful relations : among grammarians , lexicographers and sociolinguists ? among community-leaders , language-activists and language-scientists ? among ordinary speakers , creative users , broadcasters and publishers ? what have been great successes in specialist language work , and what motivated the people responsible ? how does local work benefit from el support organizations with a global or continental view ? is the need for technical assistance , production of materials , publicity , funding , political agitation ? should el support organizations themselves specialize ? if so how : regionally , or by function ? the dates will be 25-27 september 1998 , and the venue the pollock halls in edinburgh . there will be a preliminary volume of proceedings distributed at the conference . presentations will last twenty minutes each , with a further ten minutes for discussion . all presentations should be accessible largely in english , but use of the languages of interest , for quotation or exemplification , may well be appropriate . organizers : dr nicholas ostler foundation for endangered languages , bath , england prof kenneth mackinnon universities of edinburgh and hertfordshire dr briony williams university of edinburgh , scotland programme committee : akira yamamoto , mahendra k verma , andrew woodfield , anthony woodbury , tasaku tsunoda , jane simpson , mari rhydwen , jon reyhner , nicholas ostler , david nash , christopher moseley , kenneth mackinnon , john clews , margaret allen . abstract submission abstracts should not exceed 500 words . they can be submitted in one of two ways : hard copy or electronic submission . they should be in english . a ) hard copies ( or faxes ) : three copies should be sent to : nicholas ostler foundation for endangered languages batheaston villa , 172 bailbrook lane bath ba1 7aa england this should have a clear short title , but should not bear anything to identify the author ( s ) . on a separate sheet , please include the following information : name : names of the author ( s ) title : title of the paper email : email address of the first author , if any addr : postal address of the first author tel : telephone number of the first author , if any fax : fax number of the first author , if any the name of the first author will be used in all correspondence . if possible , please also send an e-mail to nicholas ostler at < nostler @ chibcha . demon . co . uk > informing him of the hard copy submission . this is in case the hard copy does not reach its destination . this e-mail should contain the information specified in the section below . b ) electronic submission : electronic submission should be in plain ascii text email message giving the following details : # name : name of first author # title : title of the paper # email : e - mail address of the first author # addr : postal address of the first author # tel : telephone number of the first author , if any # fax : fax number of the first author and in a separate section # abstr : abstract of the paper important dates abstract submission deadline march 29 notification of committee 's decision april 27 authors submit camera-ready text july 14 conference sept 25-27 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nicholas ostler managing director president linguacubun ltd foundation for endangered languages http : / / www . bris . ac . uk / depts / philosophy / ctll / fel / batheaston villa , 172 bailbrook lane bath ba1 7aa england + 44-1225 - 85-2865 fax + 44-1225 - 85-9258 nostler @ chibcha . demon . co . uk
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2310,"Subject: 31st poznan linguistic meeting 2nd circular
 
 31st poznan linguistic meeting : recent developments in linguistic theory 1 - 3 may 1998 , poznan , poland international meeting of the cross - linguistic project on pre - and protomorphology in language acquisition 1 - 4 may 1998 , poznan , poland second circular dear colleague , this is to provide you with some further information concerning the 31st plm and project meeting . arrival and departure the plm will take full three days ( friday to sunday ) while the project meeting will start on friday evening and continue until monday . therefore , rooms for the participants will be booked for four nights ( so that you can arrive on thursday and leave on monday ) , unless differently requested . please let us know of the dates and times of your arrival and departure as soon as possible . a tentative outline of the programme with preliminary lists of participants thursday april 30 registration ; informal welcoming reception ( beer , snacks etc . ) friday may 1 8 : 00 - 9 : 00 breakfast 9 : 00 official opening of the 31st plm 9 : 30-10 : 15 plenary : ian maddieson ( ucla ) 10 : 20-11 : 20 section a : optimality and naturalness convener : k . dziubalska - kolaczyk participants : w . u . dressler , h . c . luschutzky , p . gasiorowski , m . onederra , r . rhodes , c . ringen , j . rubach , m . rochon , r . singh , j . weckwerth * section b : cognitive linguistics convener : b . lewandowska - tomaszczyk participants : l . berezowski , p . chruszczewski , h . cuyckens , m . kozlowska , p . lozowski , k . panther , g . radden , d . sipka , w . skrzypczak , l . thornburg , k . wengorek * workshop i : comparative theoretical syntax : gb & minimalism convener : j . witkos participants : r . borsley , d . cavar , b . cetnarowska , w . chuming , c . czingler , a . doyle , g . fanselow , t . h . lee , f . neubarth , m . prinzhorn , p . stalmaszczyk , p . tajsner , h . van riemsdijk , v . yip and others * 11 : 20-11 : 50 coffee break 11 : 50-13 : 20 sections & workshop continued 13 : 30-15 : 00 lunch break 15 : 00-16 : 30 section a : sla & psycholinguistic studies convener : o . - s . bohn participants : p . bodor , e . jacewicz , n . kerschhoffer , r . lew , d . ravid , e . ronowicz , t . salasoo , t . siek - piskozub , h . wode * section b : cognitive linguistics continued workshop i continued 16 : 30-17 : 00 coffee break 17 : 30-18 : 45 natural morphology teach-in : w . u . dressler 19 : 00 dinner saturday may 2 9 : 00 - 9 : 45 plenary : henk van riemsdijk ( tilburg ) : "" endocentricity "" 9 : 50-10 : 50 section : cognitive linguistics continued workshop i continued project meeting convener : w . u . dressler participants : among others a . aksu - koc , s . ceytlin , n . gagarina , s . gillis , m . kilani - schoch , s . klampfer , k . laalo , s . nocetti , d . ravid , i . savickiene , s . sbai , u . stephany , b . pfeiler , m . voeikova * 10 : 50-11 : 20 coffee break 11 : 20-12 : 50 section : sla & psycholinguistic studies continued workshop i continued project meeting continued 13 : 00-14 : 30 lunch break 14 : 30-15 : 15 plenary : e . gussmann ( catholic university of lublin ) 15 : 20-16 : 20 section : historical , sociohistorical & sociolinguistic studies convener : j . fisiak participants : s . ash , o . buniyatova , a . dorodnych , a . kielkiewicz - janowiak , p . kwiecinski , m . krygier , u . okulska , p . osiadacz , m . pawlowska * workshop ii : government phonology conveners : e . cyran , j . rennison participants : a . bloch - rozmej , a . buczek , z . barkanyi , m . charette , p . dienes , e . gussmann , k . jaskula , z . kiss , a . kurti , s . ploch , p . rebrus , g . rowicka , t . scheer , p . segeral , p . szigetvari , j . wojcik project meeting continued 16 : 20-16 : 50 coffee break 16 : 50-17 : 50 section , workshop & meeting continued 19 : 00 concert & banquet sunday may 3 9 : 00 - 9 : 45 plenary : p . trudgill ( lausanne ) : "" language contact and the function of linguistic gender "" 9 : 50-10 : 50 section : historical , sociohistorical & sociolinguistic studies continued workshop ii continued project meeting continued 10 : 50-11 : 20 coffee break 11 : 20-12 : 50 section : computational phonology convener : j . carson - berndsen participants : d . gibbon , j . weckwerth and others * workshop ii continued project meeting continued 13 : 00-14 : 30 lunch break 14 : 30-15 : 15 plenary : ocke - schwen bohn ( aarhus ) 15 : 20-16 : 20 section , workshop & meeting continued 16 : 20-16 : 50 coffee break 16 : 50-17 : 50 workshop & meeting continued 17 : 50-18 : 20 closing session of the 31st plm 18 : 30 dinner monday may 4 9 : 00 project meeting continued * ) the final sequence of papers to be announced at a later date . one section paper will be assigned 20 minutes plus 10 minutes for the discussion ; one plenary will take up 45 minutes including discussion . absolute abstract submission deadline : march 22 , 1998 . publication of the proceedings there will be a possibility of publishing a selection of the papers presented in psicl ( poznan studies in contemporary linguistics ) . a book exhibition will be organized by the omnibus bookshop offering attractive prices ! final details concerning the conference will reach you in april in the form of the 3rd circular . we are looking forward to seeing you in poznan ! address for correspondence school of english adam mickiewicz university al . niepodleglosci 4 61-874 poznan poland telephone : + 48 61 852 88 20 facsimile : + 48 61 852 31 03 electronic mail : plm @ ifa . amu . edu . pl world wide web : http : / / hum . amu . edu . pl / ~ ifauam / meeting . htm
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2311,"Subject: mental lexicon
 
 first international conference on the mental lexicon september 3 - 5 , 1998 university of alberta edmonton , alberta , canada hosted by : the mcri international mental lexicon research group department of linguistics , university of alberta sponsored by : social sciences and humanities research council of canada , university of alberta local organizer : gary libben submission deadline : * * april 6 , 1998 * * invited speakers : mark aronoff & frank anshen ( suny stony brook ) kenneth forster ( university of arizona ) william marslen - wilson ( birkbeck college , london ) the first international conference on the mental lexicon is soliciting abstracts for papers or posters that bear on the question of how morphologically simple and complex words are represented in the mind ( their morphological , phonological , syntactic , and semantic properties ) , how they are linked to one another , and how they are accessed in the processes of language production and comprehension . we welcome submissions of theoretical , psycholinguistic , neurolinguistic , and computational research . * conference location the conference will be held at the university of alberta . the university is located in the city of edmonton and is one of the largest research-intensive universities in canada . the canadian rockies and the mountain towns of banff and jasper are a 3 - 4 hour drive from the city . * scientific committee gonia jarema , chair , university of montreal , canada ria de bleser , universitat potsdam , germany bruce derwing , university of alberta , canada eva kehayia , mcgill university , canada gary libben , university of alberta , canada jussi niemi , university of joensuu , finland loraine obler , cuny graduate center , u . s . a . * publication of proceedings selected papers will be published in the conference proceedings . * how to submit abstracts abstracts should be less than 500 words in length ( excluding references ) and may be submitted by mail , e-mail , or fax . submissions must be * received by april 6 , 1998 * . at the top of the abstract please include your name , affiliation , address , telephone and fax numbers , and e-mail address . please leave several lines between this information and the title and body of the abstract so that the header information can be removed for anonymous abstract review . also indicate at the top of your abstract , your preference for paper or poster presentation ( i . e . , paper only , poster only , paper or poster ) . send your abstract to : gonia jarema centre de recherche institut universitaire de geriatrie de montreal 4565 chemin queen mary montreal , quebec canada h3w 1w5 e-mail : jarema @ ere . umontreal . ca fax : ( 514 ) 340-3548 notification of acceptance or rejection will be made via e-mail by april 30 . * for questions or more information on the conference please check our conference website : http : / / www . ualberta . ca / ~ linguis / lexiconf . html or contact gary libben tel : ( 403 ) 492-3434 fax : ( 403 ) 492-0806 e-mail : gary . libben @ ualberta . ca
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2312,"Subject: korean linguistics
 
 the 11th international conference on korean linguistics july 6 - 9 , 1998 the university of hawaii the international circle of korean linguists ( ickl ) is pleased to post a * second call * for the 11th international conference on korean linguistics will be held at the university of hawaii on july 6 - 9 , 1998 . the organizing committee for the conference solicits abstracts of individual research papers treating any aspect of korean linguistics . in addition to the traditional general sessions , we plan to organize the following special sessions : - case markers and special particles - relative clause & noun complement constructions - complex predicates - the syllable in korean phonology - the problem of reduplication - issues in historical linguistics thus when you submit your abstract , please indicate which session you intend to address . abstracts should not exceed three a4 ( or 8 . 5 "" x 11 "" ) single-spaced pages including data and references . please mail your abstract to either address below . e - mail submission , but not fax submission , is acceptable . include a separate page or card showing the title of your paper , your session ( general or special ; if special , which of the above ) , your name , affiliation , mailing address , e-mail address , phone number , and fax number . accepted papers will be published in the conference proceedings ; selected papers will be invited to be revised for consideration in the journal korean linguistics . note : if your abstract is accepted , you will be required to submit your complete paper before the conference . important dates * deadline for abstract submission : march 20 , 1998 ( note ! this is a minor change from the initial call ) * notification of acceptance : mid april , 1998 * deadline for submission of completed papers : may 30 , 1998 * conference dates : july 6 - 9 , 1998 mail abstracts to either : ickl 1998 , c / o prof . james hye - suk yoon department of english language & literature seoul nationaluniversity seoul , korea 151-742 ( e - mail : jhsyoon @ plaza . su . ac . kr ) - or - ickl 1998 , c / o prof . alexander vovin dept . of east asian languages & literatures 382 moore hall , 1890 east - west road university of hawaii honolulu , hawaii 96822 u . s . a . ( e - mail : vovin @ hawaii . edu ) * * * invited speakers * * * ( updated list ) samuel martin ( yale university ) eung - do cook ( university of calgary ) wan - jin kim ( national academy of korean studies ) robert ramsey ( university of maryland ) william o'grady ( university of hawaii ) chin - w . kim ( university of illinois ) peter sells ( stanford university ) ho - min sohn ( university of hawaii ) john whitman ( cornell university ) > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < david james silva , ph . d . vox : 817-272 - 5334 ( voice-mail ) asst professor of linguistics fax : 817-272 - 2731 university of texas at arlington net : david @ uta . edu box 19559 web : http : / / ling . uta . edu / arlington , tx 76019-0559 usa
",0
2313,"Subject: clite 1
 
 announcing clite 1 the first conference on linguistic theory in eastern european languages to be organized by the phd program in theoretical linguistics of the university of szeged , hungary , 19-21 april , 1998 , immediately following the annual glow meeting at tilburg . keynote speakers are : michael brody ( ucl and hungarian academy of sciences ) "" mirror theory and the hungarian verbal complex "" maria - luisa rivero ( university of ottawa ) , "" stylistic verb movement in slavic and the balkan area "" olga miseska tomic ( university of novi sad ) title tba ( topic : south slavic languages ) the official language of the conference is english . one - page abstracts are expected to be sent by february 28 to the following e-mail address : sztibor @ sol . cc . u-szeged . hu or by ordinary mail to : "" clite 1 "" , jate alt . nyelv . tsz . egyetem u . 2 . , szeged , h-6722 hungary fax : 36-62 - 321843 http : / / www . arts . u-szeged . hu / dep / genlinguistic / clite / clite1 . html registration fee is us $ 40 . 00 , which includes a reception , midday meals and refreshments . a limited number of grants covering registration , accommodation and meals are available particularly to students and linguists from eastern europe . grants should be applied for as soon as possible but february 28 the latest . reasonable priced accommodation is offered at local hotels , but inexpensive lodging especially for low-budget participants is also available . szeged is a city of 170 , 000 in southern hungary , and a two-hour train-ride away from the capital , budapest . the conference venue is the centrally located 180 - year old academy building . on behalf of the organizing committee , istvan kenesei
",0
2314,"Subject: conference : emnlp3
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - third conference on empirical methods in natural language processing ( emnlp - 3 ) when : tuesday , june 2 , 1998 ( following the first international conference on language resources and evaluation and the nsf workshop on translingual information management ) where : granada , spain conference description : in the spirit of sigdat events , this conference will offer a general forum for novel research in corpus-based and statistical natural language processing . areas of interest include ( but are not limited to ) : - robust parsing , phrase structure analysis - part of speech tagging - term and name identification - word sense disambiguation - morphological analysis - anaphora resolution - event categorization - discourse structure identification - alignment of parallel texts and bilingual terminology - language modelling - lexicography - machine translation - spelling and grammar correction in addition , we encourage submissions that describe and evaluate the strengths , weaknesses , and recent advances in corpus-based nlp as applied to multi-lingual applications . the development of natural language applications which handle multi-lingual information is the next major challenge facing the field of computational linguistics . how well do techniques for lexical tagging , parsing , anaphora resolution , etc . , handle the specific problems of multi-lingual applications ? what new methods have been developed to address the deficiencies of existing algorithms for these tasks or to address problems specific to handling multi-lingual applications ? what problems still lack an adequate empirical solution ? conversely , how can data-driven nlp methods be improved with the help of multi-lingual data ? program chairs : nancy ide vassar college ( chair ) atro voutilainen university of hlesinki ( co-chair ) program committee : to be announced sponsor : sigdat ( acl 's special interest group for linguistic data and corpus-based approaches to nlp ) format for submission : authors should submit a full-length paper ( 3500-8000 words ) either electronically or in hardcopy . electronic submissions should be mailed to "" emnlp3 @ cs . vassar . edu "" and must either be ( a ) plain ascii text or ( b ) a single postscript file ( us letter format ) . hardcopy submissions should be mailed to nancy ide ( address below ) , and should include six ( 6 ) copies of the paper . requirements : papers should describe original work . a paper accepted for presentation cannot be presented or have been presented at any other meeting . papers submitted to other conferences will be considered , as long as this fact is clearly indicated in the submission . schedule : submission deadline : monday , march 2 , 1998 notification date : friday , april 3 , 1998 camera - ready copy due : friday may 1 , 1998 conference date : tuesday , june 2 contacts : nancy ide , chair department of computer science vassar college 124 raymond avenue poughkeepsie , new york 12604-0520 usa tel : ( + 1 914 ) 437 5988 fax : ( + 1 914 ) 437 7498 e - mail : ide @ cs . vassar . edu atro voutilainen research unit for multilingual language technology department of general linguistics p . o . box 4 ( keskuskatu 8 , 7th floor ) fin-00014 university of helsinki finland tel : ( + 358 9 ) 191 23 507 fax : ( + 358 9 ) 191 23 598 e - mail : atro . voutilainen @ ling . helsinki . fi further information : http : / / www . cs . vassar . edu / ~ ide / emnlp3 . html http : / / www . cs . jhu . edu / ~ yarowsky / sigdat . html
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2315,"Subject: lrec 3rd conference announcement
 
 3rd conference announcement reminder - reduced registration fee if you register by march 9 , 1998 first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 28-30 may 1998 hosted by the university of granada departamento de traduccion e interpretacion departamento de electronica y tecnologia de computadores with the support of dg-xiii of the european commission and fundacion banco central - hispano ( spain ) the first international conference on language resources and evaluation has been initiated by elra and is organized in cooperation with other associations and consortia , including ach , acl , allc , cocosda , eaft , eagles , edr , elsnet , esca , euralex , francil , ldc , parole , telri , etc . , and with major national and international organizations , including the european commission - dg xiii , arpa , nsf , the ic / 863 project ( china ) , the icsp permanent committee ( korea ) and the japanese project for international coordination in corpora , assessment and labeling . the conference will focus on the following issues : the availability of language resources and the methods for the evaluation of resources , technologies and products , for written and spoken language . substantial mutual benefits can be expected from addressing issues like these through international co-operation . the aim of this conference is to provide an overview of the state-of - the-art , discuss problems and opportunities , exchange information regarding ongoing and planned activities , language resources and their applications , discuss evaluation methodologies and demonstrate evaluation tools , explore possibilities and promote initiativ \ 254s for international co-operation . provisional list of accepted papers ( about 220 ) may be found at our website http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra . html or via e-mail by sending a request for list of provisional papers to lrec @ ilc . pi . cnr . it provisional list of panels to be held at lrec 1 . panel of the funding agencies : members of the major agencies funding research and development in language engineering ( ec , arpa , nsf , etc ) will discuss priorities and perspectives for international cooperation . 2 . lexical semantic standards for information systems : the panel will discuss guidelines for the standardization of lexical encoding with specific reference to requirements for machine translation and information systems . 3 . industrial and r&d use of language resources : users and providers of language resources , from industrial companies and from the public research sector , will discuss the priorities and the economical aspects of producing , distributing and using language resources , and the importance of their availability . keynote speakers at lrec the program committee will invite keynote speakers to discuss the major aspects of language resources and evaluation . the provisional list will be circulated at a later date . pre and post conference workshop information pre - conference workshops , may 26 and 27 there are 8 half day workshops , to be held may 26 and 27 with two in parallel during the morning session and two in parallel during the afternoon session . 1 . linguistic coreference workshop 26 may 1998 morning session http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra / coreference . html contact : sara j . shelton , us department of defense , ft . meade , maryland , usa sjshelt @ afterlife . ncsc . mil , tel + 301-688 - 0301 , fax + 301-688 - 0338 2 . adapting lexical and corpus resources to sublanguages and applications 26 may 1998 morning session http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra / adapting . html contact : paola velardi , dipartimento di scienza dell ' informazione , rome , italy velardi @ dsi . uniroma1 . it , tel 39 - ( 0 ) 6-49918356 , fax + 39 - ( 0 ) 6-8541842 8841964 3 . minimising the effort for language resource acquisition 26 may 1998 afternoon session http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra / minimizing . html contact : svetlana sheremetyeva , computing research laboratory , las cruces , new mexico , usa lana @ crl . nmsu . edu , tel + 505 646 5466 , fax + 505 646 6218 4 . the evaluation of parsing systems 26 may 1998 afternoon session http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra / parsing . html contact : john carroll , university of sussex , brighton , uk john . carroll @ cogs . susx . ac . uk , tel ( + 44 / 0 ) 1273 678564 , fax ( + 44 / 0 ) 1273671320 5 . towards an open european evaluation infrastructure for nl and speech 27 may 1998 morning session http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra / towards . html contact : steven krauwer , elsnet , utrecht , nl steven . krauwer @ let . ruu . nl , tel + 31 30 253 6050 , fax + 31 30 253 6000 6 . language resources for european minority languages 27 may 1998 morning session http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra / minority . html contact : briony williams , briony @ cstr . ed . ac . uk 7 . speech database development for central and eastern european languages 27 may 1998 afternoon session http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra / speech . html contact : peter roach , university of reading , uk p . j . roach @ reading . ac . uk , tel ( 44 ) 118 9318138 , fax ( 44 ) 118 9753365 8 . distributing and accessing linguistic resources 27 may 1998 afternoon session http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra / distributing . html contact : yorick wilks , university of sheffield , uk yorick @ dcs . shef . ac . uk , tel + 44 114 222 1814 , fax + 44 114 278 0972 post conference workshop , 31 may - 1 june "" translingual information management : current levels and future abilities "" contact : nancy ide , vassar college , poughkeepsie , ny , usa ide @ cs . vassar . edu , tel : ( + 1 914 ) 437 5988 , fax : ( + 1 914 ) 437 7498 this workshop is by invitation only . if you are interested in participating , please contact nancy ide directly . visit our website or request via e-mail for the full calls for participation of the workshops http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra . html lrec @ ilc . pi . cnr . it registration information for lrec and pre and post conference workshops conference the registration fees will be 25 . 000 pesetas ( about 150 ecu ) per participant , with reduced fees of 20 . 000 pesetas ( about 120 ecu ) for early registration by march 9 , 1998 , and 12 . 000 pesetas ( about 70 ecu ) for students . the fees cover the following services : a copy of the proceedings , a social dinner , coffee breaks and refreshments . for accompanying persons , the social dinner will be 6 . 000 pesetas ( about 35 ecu ) . pre conference workshops pre conference workshops are 5 , 000 pesetas each for those attending lrec and 10 , 000 pesetas each for those not attending lrec , and include a copy of the proceedings of the workshop and a coffee break . post conference workshop the 2 - day post conference workshop is 10 , 000 pesetas for those attending lrec and 20 , 000 pesetas for those not attending lrec , and includes a copy of the proceedings of the workshop and coffee breaks . registration will be made only for those persons who have been invited to participate by the organizers . advance registration payment can be made using the registration forms below . registration can be made on-site and must be paid in cash , using pesetas . registration forms first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 28-30 may 1998 e-mail or fax to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain , tel + 34 58 24 41 00 , fax + 34 58 24 41 04 , reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es last name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postal / zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ web : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration payment form registration fees full participant * by march 9 , 1998 20 . 000 pesetas ( about 120 ecu ) after march 9 , 1998 25 . 000 pesetas ( about 150 ecu ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ student * 12 . 000 pesetas ( about 70 ecu ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * registration fees include one copy of the proceedings , a social dinner , coffee breaks and refreshments . social dinner for accompanying persons 6 . 000 pesetas ( about 35 ecu ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pre conference workshops , may 26 - 27 , 1998 5 , 000 pesetas each for those attending lrec 10 , 000 pesetas each for those not attending lrec please indicate the workshops you plan to attend ( x ) _ _ _ _ _ "" linguistic coreference "" may 26 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ "" adapting lexical and corpus resources to sublanguages and applications "" _ _ _ _ _ "" the evaluation of parsing systems "" may 26 , afternoon session _ _ _ _ _ "" minimizing the effort for language resource acquisition "" _ _ _ _ _ "" towards an open european evaluation infrastructure for nl and speech "" may 27 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ "" language resources for european minority languages "" _ _ _ _ _ "" speech database development for central and eastern european languages "" may 27 , afternoon session _ _ _ _ _ "" distributing and accessing linguistic resources "" total number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ x 5 , 000 ( if attending lrec ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ x 10 , 000 ( if not attending lrec ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ post conference workshop , may 31 - june 1 * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ "" translingual information management : current levels and future abilities "" * register only if you have been asked to participate and have confirmed with the organizers 10 , 000 ( if attending lrec ) 20 , 000 ( if not attending lrec ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ grand total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ method of payment you may pay by credit card ( visa , mastercard or eurocard only ; we cannot accept american express , diners club , etc . ) . you may also pay by banker 's cheque , bank transfer or by eurocheque . all payments must be in spanish pesetas . if payment is by banker 's cheque , bank transfer or by eurocheque , please send it by regular mail . if payment is by credit card , it may be faxed . please do not e-mail credit card numbers , as we cannot guarantee the security of our e-mail system , and because we require signatures . please indicate ( x ) one of the following four payment options : a ) _ _ _ _ i enclose a banker 's cheque in spanish pesetas payable to "" first international conference on language resources and evaluation "" . b ) _ _ _ _ i have transferred the full fees by bank transfer to your account at : banco central hispano , c / recogidas , 13 , 18002 granada . account name : first international conference on language resources and evaluation . account number : 0049 - 0372 - 18 - 2210856078 . i have told my bank to charge me / us with all bank charges so that "" first international conference on language resources and evaluation "" will receive the full fees . i enclose a copy of the bank transfer papers with the person ( s ) name written on the transfer . c ) _ _ _ _ please debit my visa / mastercard / eurocard account : amount : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card no : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ valid from : _ _ _ / _ _ _ to _ _ _ / _ _ _ ( as printed on your card ) cardholder 's name and address : last name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postal / zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ web : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature as on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ credit card charges will be processed in spanish pesetas . d ) _ _ _ _ i enclose eurocheque ( s ) for the full fees . i have written my eurocheque number on the back of each eurocheque . mail or fax to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es + 34 58 24 41 04 fax visit our website for further information http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra . html conference addresses the conference chair is antonio zampolli ( istituto di linguistica computazionale del cnr and president of elra ) . antonio zampolli - lrec istituto di linguistica computazionale del cnr via della faggiola , 32 56126 pisa , italy + 39 50 560 481 tel . + 39 50 555 013 fax pisa @ ilc . pi . cnr . it the secretariat of the conference , who will provide general information on the conference , is : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain + 34 58 24 41 00 tel . + 34 58 24 41 04 fax reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es conference program committee harald hoege , siemens , munich , germany bente maegaard , cst , copenhagen , denmark joseph mariani , limsi-cnrs , orsay , france angel martin municio , president of the real academia de ciencias , madrid , spain antonio zampolli , istituto di linguistica computazionale , pisa , italy exhibition an exhibition will be organised by elra . this exhibition is open to companies and projects wishing to promote , present and demonstrate their language resources products and prototypes to the wide range of experts and representatives from all over the world participating in the conference . for more information on this , please contact the elda office on elra-elda @ calva . net . elra for more information about elra ( the european language resources association ) , please contact : khalid choukri , elra ceo 55-57 , rue brillat savarin f - 75013 paris , france tel . + 33 1 43 13 33 33 fax . + 33 1 43 13 33 39 e - mail : elra @ calva . net web : http : / / www . icp . grenet . fr / elra / home . html
",0
2316,"Subject: lrec - - new event , deadline
 
 adapting lexical and corpus resources to sublanguages and applications a workshop to be held at the first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 26 may 1998 * * * * ( second announcement with extended deadline and new event ) * * * * the workshop will provide a forum for those researchers involved in the development of methods to integrate corpora and mrds , with the aim of adding adaptive capabilities to existing linguistic resources . organisers : roberto basili ( university of roma "" tor vergata "" ) , roberta catizone ( university of sheffield ) , maria teresa pazienza ( university of roma "" tor vergata "" ) , paola velardi ( university of roma "" la sapienza ) , yorick wilks ( university of sheffield ) workshop scope and aims lexicons , i . e . , those components of a nlp system that contain "" computable "" information about words , cannot be considered as static objects . words may behave very differently in different domains , and there are language phenomena that do not generalize across sublanguages . lexicons are a snapshot of a given stage of development of a language , normally provided without support for adaptation changes , whether caused by language creativity and development or the shift to such a previously unencountered domain . the divergence of corpus usages from lexical norms has been studied computationally at least since the late sixties , but only recently has the availability of large on-line corpora made it possible to establish methods to cope systematically with this problem . an emerging branch of research is now involved in studies and experiments on corpus-driven linguistics , with the aim of complementing and extending earlier work on lexicon acquisition based on machine readable dictionaries ( mrd ) : data are extracted from texts , as embodiments of language in use , so as to capture lexical regularities and to code them into operational forms . the purpose of this workshop will be to provide an updated snapshot of current work in the area , and promote discussion of how to make progress . central topics will be ( though this list is in no way exclusive ) : * corpus-driven tuning of mrds to optimize domain-specific inferences , * terminology and jargon acquisition , * sense extensions , * acquisition of preference or subcategorization information from corpora * taxonomy adaptation , * statistical weighting of senses etc . to domains * use of mrds to provide explanations of linguistic phenomena in corpora * what is the scope of "" lexical tuning "" * the evaluation of lexical tuning as a separate task , or as part of a more generic task * * * * * new event : industrial panel * * * * * automatic adaptation of lexicons to new domains through the use of application corpora makes nlp applications more adaptable and portable . the program commettee is organizing a joint panel to discuss this ( and other ) issues concerning next generation information extraction systems . the panel intends to bring industrial representatives to confront expectations in ie from their viewpoint and degree of maturity of the offering . relevant issues that will be discussed are : is there a market for ie ? what is the demand in domains such as new services for the citizens , telecommunications , management support , etc ? what are the technical requirements ? is the technology near to the market ? program committee yorick wilks university of sheffield roberta catizone university of sheffield paola velardi university of roma "" la sapienza "" maria teresa pazienza university of roma "" tor vergata "" roberto basili university of roma "" tor vergata "" bran boguraev brandeis university sergei nirenburg new mexico state university james pustejowsky brandeis university ralph grishman new york university christiane fellbaum princeton university paper submission formatting guidelines : papers should not exceed 4000 words or 10 pages . hard copies : three hard copies should be sent to : paola velardi dipartimento di scienza dell ' informazione via salaria 113 00198 roma italy electronic submission : electronic submission will be allowed in poscript or word per mac or rtf . an ftp site will be available on demand . authors should send an info email to paola velardi ( velardi @ dsi . uniroma1 . it ) even important dates ( * * * * please note extended deadline * * * * ) paper submission deadline ( hard copy / electronic ) march 10 paper notification april 1 camera - ready papers due april 20 l&ct workshop may 26 prof . paola velardi dipartimento di scienza dell ' informazione via salaria 113 universita ' "" la sapienza "" 00198 roma ph . + 39 - ( 0 ) 6-49918356 fax + 39 - ( 0 ) 6-8541842 8841964
",0
2317,"Subject: symposium on rime tables
 
 on saturday , 2 may , 1998 , there will be a one-day symposium on chinese historical phonology at the university of minnesota ( minneapolis ) . the topic is : new views of the philosophy underlying the chinese rime table discussants will be w . south coblin ( u . iowa ) and wenchao li ( u . minnesota ) . to submit abstracts for consideration , please mail or fax a complete abstract and curriculum vitae to : david prager branner institute of linguistics and asian and slavic languages and literatures university of minnesota 192 klaeber court 320-16 th avenue s . e . minneapolis , mn 55455-0135 usa fax : ( 612 ) - 624-4579 ( please write branner on your fax ) . please indicate an email return address if at all possible , as well as a phone or fax contact number . it is expected that all submissions will have full tonal indications on all romanized forms . submissions without tonally complete romanization cannot be accepted . submissions received before 5 march , 1998 will receive highest consideration . a small amount of funding to defray some speakers ' travel expenses may become available , although the symposium organizer cannot guarantee that money will be disbursed for this meeting . please indicate at the time of your submission if you wish to apply for this .
",0
2318,"Subject: esslli ' 98 - - probabilistic logic and randomised computation
 
 esslli-98 workshop on probabilistic logic and randomised computation august 17 - 21 , 1998 a workshop held as part of the 10th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli-98 ) august 17 - 28 , 1998 , saarbrueken , germany * * second call for papers * * organisers : alessandra di pierro and herbert wiklicky ( london ) web site : http : / / www . cs . city . ac . uk / ~ adp / esslli98 . html background : probabilistic concepts recently gained widespread interest in logic and computer science , for example in the investigation of randomised algorithms and probabilistic proof systems . whereas probability and randomisation have always played an important role in complexity theory ( from average case analysis to probabilistic complexity classes ) the investigation of these notions in semantics was much more limited and only in the last years renewed interest seems to develop . this workshop aims at bringing together researchers from areas like philosophy , logics , semantics and the theory of algorithms whose research is related to aspects of probability , stochastic processes , randomised algorithms etc . , in order to foster links and facilitate cross-fertilisation of ideas among them . the workshop topics include : o philosophical foundations of probability o probabilistic logics o probabilistic proof systems o probabilistic proof checking o probabilistic knowledge representation o probabilistic games o randomised automata o randomised algorithms o semantics of probabilistic languages o probabilistic non-determinism o probabilistic reasoning o fuzzy and belief systems o inexact matching o constraints and probability o markov chain monte carlo methods o practical applications o randomised optimisation ( e . g . simulated annealing , genetic algorithms ) o ( stochastic ) approximation algorithms ( for np problems ) workshop format : the workshop will be held as part of esslli ' 98 . there will be five sessions of 90 minutes each , one on each day of the first week of the school ( august 17-22 , 1998 ) . the workshop will consist in the presentation of submitted papers and discussion sessions . notes containing the papers accepted for presentation will be made available in electronic form . opportunities for publishing revised versions of the papers will be explored . the workshop will be open to attendance by all school registrants . submission : all researchers in the area , but especially ph . d . students and young researchers , are encourage to submit a paper . papers should be submitted in the form of an extended abstract of no more than 4000 words ( 8-10 pages ) in length , and must include the e-mail address of all authors and a 200-300 word abstract . deadline is february 15 , 1998 . to submit a paper , please send a postscript file to < adp @ cs . city . ac . uk > or < herbert @ cs . city . ac . uk > or send three ( 3 ) hard copies of your paper to one of the organisers ( below ) . alessandra di pierro adp @ cs . city . ac . uk http : / / www . cs . city . ac . uk / ~ adp herbert wiklicky herbert @ cs . city . ac . uk http : / / www . cs . city . ac . uk / ~ herbert department of computer science school of informatics city university northampton square london ec1v 0hb united kingdom electronic submission is strongly encouraged . registration : workshop contributors will be required to register for esslli-98 , but they will be elligible for a reduced registration fee . important dates : feb 15 , 98 : deadline for submissions apr 15 , 98 : notification of acceptance may 15 , 98 : deadline for final copy aug 17 , 98 : start of workshop further information : to obtain further information about esslli-98 please visit the esslli-98 home page at http : / / www . coli . uni-sb . de / esslli - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
2319,"Subject: lexical semantics in context : corpus , inference and discourse
 
 esslli-98 workshop on lexical semantics in context : corpus , inference and discourse august 17 - 21 , 1998 a workshop held as part of the 10th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli-98 ) august 17 - 28 , 1998 , saarbruecken , germany * * second call for papers * * organizers : johan bos ( saarbruecken ) and paul buitelaar ( brandeis university ) the workshop aims at bringing together research in two complementary fields of semantic analysis that are still too far apart . in order to achieve both a broad and a deep understanding of any given text document , a system needs both advanced acquisition of corpus specific lexical semantic knowledge and powerful inference mechanisms that utilize that knowledge in discourse analysis . given the still relatively limited results within both areas there has been little impetus to combine them . corpus - based extraction of lexical semantic knowledge has only recently become a more feasible task , because of the growing availibility of on-line text documents ; robust corpus processing technologies , such as broad coverage part-of - speech tagging and shallow parsing ; and readily available statistical methods . the various approaches to discourse analysis , originating in such diverse fields as formal semantics , psychology and ai , are in the process of converging into a unified approach to the analysis and representation of the cohesive structure of natural language documents . the intersection between these two fields lies in the application of lexical semantic knowledge to such problems in discourse analysis as anaphora resolution and discourse segmentation . in fact , the benefit will be mutual , because knowledge of discourse structure is helpful to lexical knowledge extraction as well . in summary , large scale domain specific lexical semantic knowledge acquisition can assist in analyzing discourse structures , which in turn can assist in acquiring even more accurate lexical semantic representations for the relevant terms in the domain . further information : to obtain further information please visit the workshop home page at http : / / www . cs . brandeis . edu / ~ paulb / esslli98 . html
",0
2320,"Subject: conference on linguistics & literature
 
 the 10th annual conference on linguistics and literature will be held at the radisson hotel and conference center in denton , texas on january 30 and 31 , 1998 . the conference is sponsored by the graduate students in english association at the university of north texas ( unt ) with generous support from the unt department of english and from the unt dean of arts and sciences . plenary speakers : donald freeman ( university of southern california ) "" whither - - and whether - - english ? "" gilles fauconnier ( university of california , san diego ) and mark turner ( university of maryland ) "" gradients of creativity "" highlight speakers : margaret freeman ( los angeles valley college ) "" cognitive poetics : an adequate theory of literature ? "" james mccawley ( university of chicago ) "" conversational scorekeeping and the interpretation of narrative and expository prose "" phyllis perrin wilcox ( university of new mexico ) "" cultural variability in the interpretation of metaphors and metonyms in asl poetry "" sherman wilcox ( university of new mexico ) "" radical iconicity and signed language universals "" plus 80 + other papers and presentations in all of the following areas : - literary analysis - linguistic analysis - linguistics and literature - cognitive metaphor - writing pedagogy - creative readings : poetry - creative readings : prose a complete listing of papers and presentations is available at our web site : http : / / www . unt . edu / languaging / * * * registration : following standard practice , the conference offers a reduced rate for early registration . registration forms must be returned to denton via snail-mail no later than january 20 , 1998 in order to receive the reduced rate . our snail-mail address : conference on linguistics and literature department of english university of north texas denton , tx 76203 those wishing to register may use the form provided at our web site at http : / / www . unt . edu / languaging / or may email linglit @ unt . edu for a text copy of our registration form . please direct your conference questions to linglit @ unt . edu
",0
2321,"Subject: a symposium on second language writing
 
 a symposium on second language writing september 25-26 , 1998 purdue university west lafayette , indiana usa purpose : the purpose of this symposium is to bring together second language writing researchers and teachers to discuss key issues and future directions . you will have opportunities to * learn about the latest developments in the field * network with other researchers and teachers * share your own perspectives on various issues sessions : the symposium consists of keynote and focus sessions , featuring internationally recognized experts in the field of second language writing . in each of the six focus sessions , two speakers will present their perspectives on such topics as theory , research , instruction , assessment , politics , and articulation with other disciplines . in addition , a discussion session at the end of this two-day gathering will provide an opportunity for all participants to continue ongoing conversations , to reflect on and exchange insights gained , and to consider future directions for the field of second language writing . speakers : diane belcher , sarah benesch , joan carson , ulla connor , alister cumming , pat currie , lynn goldstein , william grabe , barbara kroll , ilona leki , liz hamp - lyons , charlene polio , joy reid , terry santos , trudy smoke , and carol severino . for registration information , contact : barbara g . tyner , conference coordinator purdue university 1586 stewart center , room 116 west lafayette , in 47907-1586 usa phone : 765-494 - 2975 or 1-800 - 359-2968 , ext . 92t fax : 765-494 - 0567 e - mail : bgtyner @ cea . purdue . edu for symposium information , contact : tony silva or paul kei matsuda department of english purdue university west lafayette , in 47907-1356 usa phone : 765-494 - 3769 e - mail : pmatsuda @ purdue . edu information is also available at the following url : http : / / omni . cc . purdue . edu / ~ pmatsuda / symposium / purdue university is an equal access / equal opportunity institution .
",0
2322,"Subject: reminder of coling-acl ' 98 workshop deadline ( cvir ' 98 )
 
 call for papers coling-acl 1998 workshop content visualization and intermedia representations ( cvir ' 98 ) august 15 , 1998 university of montreal montreal , quebec , canada workshop description : in the last few years , multimedia systems have become available which integrate text , graphics , sound ( speech and non-speech audio ) , as well as animation . there are many different communities working on such systems ( e . g . , hypermedia , human-machine interaction , information retrieval , scientific visualization , content extraction , dialog tracking ) , each with distinct concerns and goals , and often the communities are not aware of each other 's research and methods . this workshop aims to bring together these communities to examine the questions of the visual presentation of diverse content through multiple media . the major goal is to explore common intermedia representation languages which are expressive enough to cover diverse modalities yet suitably appropriate for the individual media . with increasing amounts of data , information , and knowledge available to the user , the effective use of visualization is increasingly important in applications . examples include : # visualization of data in scientific literature , including support for interactive information retrieval ; # business and finance data visualization ( data profiling ) ; # automated or assisted map , graph , diagram , or image construction from text or data ; event , process , and knowledge editing and visualization tools ; # and knowledge navigation over databases , texts , and search results . the specific issues addressed by the workshop include but are not limited to : 1 . definition of content : different disciplines and applications have distinct perspectives on what content is , e . g . , of text , video , graphics , collections of interactions or correspondences . 2 . knowledge representation : i . e . , what it is , how to represent it , reason about it , and present it . 3 . taxonomies of content representations , tasks , and visualization artifacts . 4 . representations for content and how these relate to and / or facilitate visualization tasks . 5 . selection and organization of content : deciding what to present and how to organize the presentation of selected content and why ( i . e . , effect ) . 6 . deciding how to coordinate the presentation of content through several media : 7 . the relationship of cognitive task to visualization content and style ( e . g . , visualization structure , properties , form , coherency , interpretability , and accuracy of displays ) . 8 . deciding how to accept and integrate input from several media . 9 . medium - specific encoding of content . 10 . presentation and interaction techniques of generated results . 11 . tailoring visualizations to specific user and usergroup characteristics , knowledge , and interests . 12 . content visualization evaluation metrics and methods . we encourage submissions of demonstrations and / or videos of working visualizations pertaining to the above topics . the organizers will produce a workshop report and , providing there is sufficient interest and adequate results reported , will consider a special edited journal issue and / or state of the art collection . authors are encouraged to submit their workshop papers simultaneously for public discussion to the area intelligence user interfaces of the electronic transactions on artificial intelligence ( etai ) . the etai is a new kind of electronic journal using open and posteriori reviewing . formally , the rules work as follows . in the etai , you first have the article discussed for three months , then you have a chance to revise it based on the feedback , and then you decide whether to submit it for refereeing in the etai or in some other journal . for more information , see : http : / / www . ida . liu . se / ext / etai / . sponsors : sigmedia ( acl 's special interest group on multimedia language processing ) acl / coling program committee : elisabeth andre , dfki saarbruecken branimir boguraev , ibm watson research steve feiner , columbia university michael johnston , oregon graduate institute mark maybury , mitre corporation james pustejovsky , brandeis university steve roth , carnegie mellon university wolfgang wahlster , dfki saarbruecken kent wittenburg , gte laboratories program chairs : james pustejovsky , brandeis university mark t . maybury , mitre requirements for submission : papers are invited that address any of the topics listed above . maximum length is 8 pages including figures and references . please use us or a4 letter format and set margins so that the text lies within a rectangle of 6 . 5 x 9 inches ( 16 . 5 x 23 cm ) . use classical fonts such as times roman or computer modern , 11 to 12 points for text , 14 to 16 points for headings and title . latex users are encouraged to use the acl style file for latex . ms - word users should use the acl style file for ms - word . submissions can be made either as hardcopies or electronically in ascii , postscript , html , or ms - word format . they should be sent to : james pustejovsky cvir ' 98 computer science department 258 volen brandeis university waltham , ma 02254-9110 voice : 1-781 - 736-2709 fax : 1-781 - 736-2741 email : jamesp @ cs . brandeis . edu more detailed information on the workshop can be found at : http : / / www . cs . brandeis . edu / ~ jamesp / cvir / timetable * deadline for electronic submissions : march 11 , 1998 * deadline for hardcopy submissions : march 13 ( arrival date ) * notification of acceptance : may 1 , 1998 * final manuscripts due : june 12 , 1998 organizer information : mark t . maybury , director advanced information systems center the mitre corporation ( ms k308 ) 202 burlington road bedford , ma 01730 tel : 1-78 - 271-7230 fax : 1-781 - 271-2780 maybury @ mitre . org james pustejovsky , associate professor computer science department and volen center for complex systems brandeis university waltham , ma 02254-9110 voice : 1-781 - 736-2709 fax : 1-781 - 736-2741 jamesp @ cs . brandeis . edu james pustejovsky associate professor computer science department and volen center for complex systems brandeis university waltham , ma 02254-9110 usa voice : 1-781 - 736-2709 fax : 1-781 - 736-2741 jamesp @ cs . brandeis . edu http : / / www . cs . brandeis . edu / ~ jamesp http : / / www . cs . brandeis . edu / ~ rllc
",0
2323,"Subject: cfp : literature and cognitive science ( collection )
 
 literature and cognitive science the editors seek submissions for a collection that aims to facilitate a discussion between the disciplines of literary criticism and cognitive science , centering on the reading of literature . in the spirit of _ more than cool reason _ and subsequent work by mark turner , george lakoff and others , we believe that cognitive approaches to literary texts benefit both disciplines . therefore , we are soliciting two types of papers , works by cognitive scientists / linguists that employ literary texts primarily as examples of language use , and works of literary criticism that use cognitive linguistics or conceptual blending , broadly construed , as tools for analysis . each paper should be an original and valuable contribution to the idiom of its own field . optionally , the papers may either critique some aspects of a conceptual approach or contrast this approach with other approaches current in the respective discipline . possible topics include : genre definition / canon formation textual criticism conceptual basis for literary constructions , including iconicity issues translation studies stylistics / poetics historical development of conceptual structures categorization issues polysemy
",0
2324,"Subject: 4th intl colloquium on grammatical inference ( icgl )
 
 final call for papers http : / / www . cs . iastate . edu / ~ icgi98 / icgi98 . html fourth international colloquium on grammatical inference ( icgi-98 ) program co - chairs : vasant honavar and giora slutzki iowa state university july 12-14 , 1998 iowa state university ames , iowa , usa . cosponsored by international institute of theoretical and applied physics iowa state university and in cooperation with american association for artificial intelligence ieee systems , man , and cybernetics society acl special interest group on natural language learning introduction grammatical inference , variously refered to as automata induction , grammar induction , and automatic language acquisition , refers to the process of learning of grammars and languages from data . machine learning of grammars finds a variety of applications in syntactic pattern recognition , adaptive intelligent agents , diagnosis , computational biology , systems modelling , prediction , natural language acquisition , data mining and knowledge discovery . traditionally , grammatical inference has been studied by researchers in several research communities including : information theory , formal languages , automata theory , language acquisition , computational linguistics , machine learning , pattern recognition , computational learning theory , neural networks , etc . perhaps one of the first attempts to bring together researchers working on grammatical inference for an interdisciplinary exchange of research results took place under the aegis of the first colloquium on grammatical inference held at the university of essex in united kingdom in april 1993 . this was followed by the ( second ) international colloquium on grammatical inference , held at alicante in spain , the proceedings of which were published by springer - verlag as volume 862 of the lectures notes in artificial intelligence , and the third international colloquium on grammatical inference , held at montpellier in france , the proceedings of which were published by springer - verlag as volume 1147 of the lecture notes in artificial intelligence . following the success of these events and the workshop on automata induction , grammatical inference , and language acquisition , held in conjunction with the international conference on machine learning at nashville in united states in july 1997 , the fourth international colloquium on grammatical inference will be held from july 12 through july 14 , 1998 , at iowa state university in united states . topics of interest the conference seeks to provide a forum for presentation and discussion of original research papers on all aspects of grammatical inference including , but not limited to : * different models of grammar induction : e . g . , learning from examples , learning using examples and queries , incremental versus non-incremental learning , distribution-free models of learning , learning under various distributional assumptions ( e . g . , simple distributions ) , impossibility results , complexity results , characterizations of representational and search biases of grammar induction algorithms . * algorithms for induction of different classes of languages and automata : e . g . , regular , context-free , and context-sensitive languages , interesting subsets of the above under additional syntactic constraints , tree and graph grammars , picture grammars , multi-dimensional grammars , attributed grammars , parameterized models , etc . * theoretical and experimental analysis of different approaches to grammar induction including artificial neural networks , statistical methods , symbolic methods , information-theoretic approaches , minimum description length , and complexity-theoretic approaches , heuristic methods , etc . * broader perspectives on grammar induction - - e . g . , acquisition of grammar in conjunction with language semantics , semantic constraints on grammars , language acquisition by situated agents and robots , acquisition of language constructs that describe objects and events in space and time , developmental and evolutionary constraints on language acquisition , etc . * demonstrated or potential applications of grammar induction in natural language acquisition , computational biology , structural pattern recognition , information retrieval , text processing , adaptive intelligent agents , systems modelling and control , and other domains . program committee technical program chairs : vasant honavar and giora slutzki , iowa state university , usa . technical program committee : r . berwick , mit , usa a . brazma , european bioinformatics institute , cambridge , uk . m . brent , johns hopkins university , usa c . cardie , cornell university , usa w . daelemans , tilburg university , netherlands d . dowe , monash university , australia p . dupont , univ . st . etienne , france . d . estival , university of melbourne , australia j . feldman , international computer science institute , berkeley , usa l . giles , nec research institute , princeton , usa j . gregor , university of tennessee , usa c . de la higuera , lirmm , france a . itai , technion , israel t . knuutila , university of turku , finland j . koza , stanford university , usa k . lang , nec research institute , princeton , usa . m . li , university of waterloo , canada e . makinen , university of tampere , finland l . miclet , enssat , lannion , france . g . nagaraja , indian institute of technology , bombay , india h . ney , university of technology , aachen , germany j . nicolas , irisa , france r . parekh , allstate research and planning center , menlo park , usa l . pitt , university of illinois at urbana - champaign , usa d . powers , flinders university , australia l . reeker , national science foundation , usa y . sakakibara , tokyo denki university , japan . c . samuelsson , lucent technologies , usa a . sharma , university of new south wales , australia . e . vidal , u . politecnica de valencia , spain local arrangements committee dale grosvenor , iowa state university , usa . k . balakrishnan , iowa state university , usa . r . bhatt , iowa state university , usa j . yang , iowa state university , usa . conference format and proceedings the conference will include oral and possibly poster presentations of accepted papers , a small number of tutorials and invited talks . all accepted papers will appear in the conference proceedings to be published by a major publisher . ( negotiations are underway with springer - verlag regarding the publication of icgi-98 proceedings as a volume in their lecture notes in artificial intelligence a subseries of the lecture notes in computer science ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - submission of papers postscript versions of the papers , no more than 12 pages long , ( including figures , tables , and references ) , should be submitted electronically to icgi98 - submissions @ cs . iastate . edu . accepted papers will be allocated 12 pages in the proceedings ( long papers ) or 6 pages in the proceedings ( short papers ) . in those rare instances where authors might be unable to submit postscript versions of their papers electronically , we will try to accomodate them . each paper will be rigorously refereed by at least 2 reviewers for technical soundness , originality , and clarity of presentation . deadlines the relevant schedule for paper submissions is as follows : * march 20 , 1998 . deadline for receipt of manuscripts * april 21 , 1998 . notification of acceptance * may 1 , 1998 . camera ready copies due submission of proposals for tutorials the conference will include a small number of short ( 2 - hour ) tutorials on selected topics in grammatical inference . some examples of possible tutorial topics are : hidden markov models , computational biology applications , and pac learnability of grammars . this list is meant only to be suggestive and not exhaustive . those interested in presenting a a tutorial should submit a proposal ( in plain text format ) to icgi-submissions @ cs . iastate . edu by electronic mail : * a brief abstract ( 300 words or less ) describing the topics to be covered * a brief description of the target audience and their expected background * a brief curriculum vitae including the proposer 's relevant qualifications and publications the relevant schedule for tutorials is as follows : * march 1 , 1998 . deadline for receipt of tutorial proposals * april 1 , 1998 . notification of acceptance * may 1 , 1998 . tutorial notes due financial support limited financial support might be available , subject to the availability of funds , for : * scientists ( especially junior researchers ) from developing countries , especially for those who can find other sources of support for extended visit at a us institution * graduate students and postdocs from us institutions additional details will be posted as they become available .
",0
2325,"Subject: ials ( 6th lang teacher ed )
 
 the university of edinburgh institute for applied language studies ( ials ) 6th symposium for language teacher educators evaluation and research in language teacher education - - - - - - - - - - edinburgh - - - - - - - - - - - wednesday 18th november - friday 20th november 1998 call for papers * the role of research and evaluation in language teacher education * methods of researching and evaluating language teacher education * the ethics of evaluation and research in language teacher education * evaluating programmes , trainers , and materials in language teacher education * researching the influence of context on the delivery of language teacher education * researching and evaluating methodologies of language teacher education * research as part of the process of training and teacher development * assessing the development of trainee skills * investigating how teachers change * researching supervision and post-lesson feedback * researching the impact of new technologies in language teacher education _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the ials symposia offer a forum for professional exchange among language teacher educators based in the uk and overseas . numbers are limited to 60 . the themes listed above indicate the possible coverage of the papers . papers should not be limited to reports of research but also reflect on the process of research and evaluation and on their role in language teacher education . if you would like to submit a proposal for a paper on any topic related to the theme of the symposium , please write for a proposal form and further information to : suzie huggins 6th ials symposium for language teacher educators institute for applied language studies university of edinburgh 21 hill place edinburgh eh8 9dp scotland , uk . phone 0131 650 6200 fax 0131 667 5927 email : ials . symposium @ ed . ac . uk
",0
2326,"Subject: ecai-98 # 7 : final call for young researcher papers
 
 august 23-28 1998 brighton uk final call for young researcher papers http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 / youngrescall . html * * * student registration rate before june 1st will be 90 pounds sterling * * * the ecai-98 programme committee is pleased to announce a special programme of short papers for young researchers . important dates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 mar 1998 deadline for abstracts 11 mar 1998 deadline for papers 15 apr 1998 notification of acceptance 15 may 1998 camera - ready copies of papers 26-28 aug 1998 student programme at ecai-98 the aim is to encourage younger ai researchers to attend ecai-98 and to present their on-going work , in the form of short ( 2 page ) papers , which will appear in the conference proceedings . a short paper may either report on the innovative points of work in progress , or on a particular result of special interest . the call is open to researchers who satisfy at least one of the following criteria on 11 march 1998 : - they are under 28 years old - they are currently studying for a phd or other degree qualification in ai ( or a related topic ) - they received a phd in ai ( or a related topic ) within the past two years . submissions are invited on original and previously unpublished research in all aspects of ai , including , but not limited to : abduction , temporal , causal reasoning , and diagnosis ; automated reasoning ; application and enabling technologies ; belief revision and nonmonotonic reasoning ; case - based reasoning ; cognitive modelling and philosophical foundations ; computational linguistics ; constraint - based reasoning and constraint programming ; distributed ai and multiagent systems ; fuzzy logic ; knowledge acquisition ; knowledge representation ; logic programming , and theorem proving ; machine learning , knowledge discovery and data mining ; natural language and intelligent user interfaces ; neural networks in ai ; planning , scheduling , and reasoning about actions ; probabilistic networks ; qualitative preferences and decision in ai ; qualitative and spatial reasoning ; reasoning under uncertainty ; robotics , vision , and signal understanding ; search and meta - heuristics for ai ; verification , validation and testing of knowledge - based systems . submissions should be two pages long using the format described on the ecai-98 style guide web page : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 / style . html a latex style file is available on the website ( or on request . to ecai98 @ cogs . susx . ac . uk ) . accepted papers will be required to conform more strictly to the publishers ' formatting requirements , which will be broadly in line with the present formatting guidelines . submission procedure submission is a two stage process , similar to the process for long papers . an electronic abstract should be sent to ecai98 @ irit . fr by 6 march 1998 . this summary should include the title , author , contact address and abstract for the paper , plus keywords drawn from the above list ( plus other keywords if appropriate ) . a web-based summary submission form is available to make this easier . this summary information should also be included with the paper itself , on a separate sheet of paper . submission of the paper is in hard copy form only , electronic submissions will not be accepted . four copies of the paper ( each including the summary sheet ) , should be sent by post to the ecai-98 programme chair , henri prade , at the address below . the title page should include a statement indicating which of the above eligibility criteria the author satisfies and that the paper has not been submitted elsewhere . the deadline for receipt of papers is 11 march 1998 . papers received after this date will not be reviewed . address for submission - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - henri prade , ecai-98 programme chair irit universite paul sabatier 118 route de narbonne 31062 toulouse cedex 4 france email : henri . prade @ irit . fr tel : + 33 ( 0 ) 561 55 65 79 fax : + 33 ( 0 ) 561 55 62 39 multiple submissions policy ecai-98 will not accept any paper which at the time of submission is under review for , or has already been published or accepted for publication in a journal or another conference . authors are also expected not to submit their papers elsewhere during the review period . these restrictions apply only to journals and conferences and not to workshops or similar specialised meetings with limited audiences . the title page should include a statement that the paper is not under review or accepted for publication in another conference or journal . however , if a young researcher has already submitted a regular paper to ecai-98 , a new submission on the same topic in the form of a short paper is permitted provided that the author declares it on submission . if the regular paper is accepted , the short paper will be considered to have been withdrawn . however such a double submission is not encouraged . the review process the short papers will be reviewed under the control of the ecai-98 program committee under the chairmanship of the ecai-98 programme chair . the ecai-98 programme chair has final authority over the review process and all decisions relating to acceptance of papers . accepted papers will be allocated 15 minutes for oral presentation and 2 pages in the official ecai-98 proceedings . note : as is usual at ecai conferences , students will be able to register for the conference at a significantly reduced and subsidised rate . the registration rate for students who register before june 1st will be 90 pounds sterling . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ecai-98 secretariat tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 678448 centre for advanced software applications fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 671320 university of sussex email : ecai98 @ cogs . susx . ac . uk brighton , bn1 9qh , uk url : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 ecai-98 is organised by the european coordinating committee for artificial intelligence ( eccai ) and hosted by the universities of brighton and sussex on behalf of aisb . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
2327,"Subject: lrec workshop
 
 * lrec workshop announcement * adapting lexical and corpus resources to sublanguages and applications a workshop to be held at the first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 26 may 1998 the workshop will provide a forum for those researchers involved in the development of methods to integrate corpora and mrds , with the aim of adding adaptive capabilities to existing linguistic resources . organisers : roberto basili ( university of roma "" tor vergata "" ) , roberta catizone ( university of sheffield ) , maria teresa pazienza ( university of roma "" tor vergata "" ) , paola velardi ( university of roma "" la sapienza ) , yorick wilks ( university of sheffield ) workshop scope and aims lexicons , i . e . , those components of a nlp system that contain "" computable "" information about words , cannot be considered as static objects . words may behave very differently in different domains , and there are language phenomena that do not generalize across sublanguages . lexicons are a snapshot of a given stage of development of a language , normally provided without support for adaptation changes , whether caused by language creativity and development or the shift to such a previously unencountered domain . the divergence of corpus usages from lexical norms has been studied computationally at least since the late sixties , but only recently has the availability of large on-line corpora made it possible to establish methods to cope systematically with this problem . an emerging branch of research is now involved in studies and experiments on corpus-driven linguistics , with the aim of complementing and extending earlier work on lexicon acquisition based on machine readable dictionaries ( mrd ) : data are extracted from texts , as embodiments of language in use , so as to capture lexical regularities and to code them into operational forms . the purpose of this workshop will be to provide an updated snapshot of current work in the area , and promote discussion of how to make progress . central topics will be ( though this list is in no way exclusive ) : * corpus-driven tuning of mrds to optimize domain-specific inferences , * terminology and jargon acquisition , * sense extensions , * acquisition of preference or subcategorization information from corpora * taxonomy adaptation , * statistical weighting of senses etc . to domains * use of mrds to provide explanations of linguistic phenomena in corpora * what is the scope of "" lexical tuning "" * the evaluation of lexical tuning as a separate task , or as part of a more generic task industrial panel * * * new * * * * automatic adaptation of lexicons to new domains through the use of application corpora makes nlp applications more adaptable and portable . the program commettee is organizing a joint panel to discuss this ( and other ) issues concerning next generation information extraction systems . the panel intends to bring industrial representatives to confront expectations in ie from their viewpoint and degree of maturity of the offering . the following ( and other ) issues will be discussed : - is there a market for ie ? - what is the demand in domains such as new services for the citizens , telecommunications , management support , etc ? - what are the technical requirements ? is the technology near to the market ? program committee yorick wilks university of sheffield roberta catizone university of sheffield paola velardi university of roma "" la sapienza "" maria teresa pazienza university of roma "" tor vergata "" roberto basili university of roma "" tor vergata "" bran boguraev brandeis university sergei nirenburg new mexico state university james pustejowsky brandeis university ralph grishman new york university christiane fellbaum princeton university paper submission formatting guidelines : papers should not exceed 4000 words or 10 pages . hard copies : three hard copies should be sent to : paola velardi dipartimento di scienza dell ' informazione via salaria 113 00198 roma italy electronic submission : electronic submission will be allowed in poscript or word per mac or rtf . an ftp site will be available on demand . authors should send an info email to paola velardi ( velardi @ dsi . uniroma1 . it ) even important dates * * * * * ( please note extended deadline ) * * * * * * paper submission deadline ( hard copy / electronic ) march 10 paper notification april 1 camera - ready papers due april 20 l&ct workshop may 26 prof . paola velardi dipartimento di scienza dell ' informazione via salaria 113 universita ' "" la sapienza "" 00198 roma ph . + 39 - ( 0 ) 6-49918356 fax + 39 - ( 0 ) 6-8541842 8841964
",0
2328,"Subject: dialog ' 98
 
 dialogue ' 98 international workshop on computational linguistics and its applications kazan ( russia ) , may 31 - june 4 , 1998 * * * * final call for papers * * * * dear colleagues , as you probably know dialogue ' 98 , an international annual workshop on computational linguistics and its applications , will take place this year in may 31 - june 4 , near kazan ( tatarstan , russian federation ) . dialogue ' 98 should become fourth international workshop in row of dialogue ' 95 kazan dialogue ' 96 puschino dialogue ' 97 yasnaya polyana reviving the tradition of the interdisciplinary dialogue seminars which were regular national events in the ussr during 70s - 80s . the workshop is an annual meeting place for a dialogue : a ) between researchers from different fields that are related to computational linguistics ( linguists , computer and cognitive scientists , psychologists , researchers in the artificial intelligence ) ; b ) between researchers from the former ussr and the international community . topics of interest include ( but are not limited to ) : * theoretical and cognitive linguistics * syntax , semantics , pragmatics and their interaction * multilingual natural language processing * systems for natural language processing * text , dialogue and speech act in the computational framework * knowledge representation and processing the number of participants is expected about 100 . every prospective attendee is required to submit a short research summary including relevant recent publications , regular and e-mail address , fax and phone numbers . participants who wish to present their work are additionally required to submit a poster ( 3 - 4 double-spaced pages , 6 - 8 kb ) or a full paper ( not exceeding 12 double - spaced pages , 24 kb ) preferably via e-mail ( in plain ascii or uuencoded winword files ) to the aldress of the program committee . because of some additional organizing difficulties which postponed this letter the commitee decided to add two weeks to the time-table of formation of the workshop 's program : * * * deadline for submission : march 16 , 1998 * * * notification of acceptance : march 25 , 1998 * * * final paper due : april 15 , 1998 please send submissions in russian or english , papers in russian should be accompanied with a short summary in english ( approximately 100-200 words ) . we plan to organize selected english - to - russian and russian - to - english translation of talks . addresses for all correspondence : e-mail : dialog98 @ bull . nmd . msu . ru snail mail : dialogue ' 98 russian instititue for artificial intelligence p . o . box 111 , moscow , 103001 , russia . in the field of computational linguistics in russia the dialogue workshops became regular annual events which attract leading researchers from the former ussr as well as other countries . we hope that dialogue ' 98 will continue this tradition . program committee : alexander s . narin ' yani , program chair ( russian institute of artificial intelligence ) christian boitet ( grenoble university ) rais . g . bukharajev ( kazan state university ) ilya n . gorelov ( saratov state university ) alexander e . kibrik ( moscow state university ) igor a . mel ' chuk ( montreal university ) sergei nirenburg ( new - mexico state university ) haldur oim ( tartu university ) dmitrij a . pospelov ( computer center of russian academy of sciences ) secretariate : natalya i . laufer , ( russian institute of artificial intelligence ) olga . v . fedorova , ( moscow state university ) in the organizing committee are included : rais . g . bukharajev ( kazan state university ) valeri solovyev ( kazan state university ) djavdet sulejmanov ( kazan state university ) il 'd us hajbullin ( tatarstan academy of scienses ) nail ' zaimov ( kazan state university ) if you have questions about the workshop , please send e-mail letters to the above-mentioned addresses . please , share this information letter with people you think it may concern .
",0
2329,"Subject: new trends in variationist linguistics : from attitudes to grammar
 
 the linguistic association of finland is organizing a summer course / workshop on new trends in variationist linguistics : from attitudes to grammar to be held at the university of oulu , the per \ 228meri research station by the unique nature reserves on the hailuoto island august 14-16 , 1998 the workshop will bring together researchers and phd students working in the field of language variation , ranging from morpho-syntactic variation to dialectology , sociolinguistic variation , code-switching , language attitudes and beliefs , and variation in interactional practices . the aim of the workshop is to explore new issues in the study of variation , such as the use of new methodologies and types of data . participants are strongly encouraged to give a paper on any aspect of language variation , as this is an excellent opportunity to get feedback from others working in this area and from some of the leading scholars in variationist studies . invited speakers : peter auer ( university of hamburg ) juhani klemola ( university of leeds ) dennis preston ( michigan state university ) activities : * lectures by invited speakers * presentations by other participants ( 20 min + 10 min for discussion ) * recommended readings before the workshop ( the reading list will be distri - buted to registered participants ) registration fees : * general : fim 200 * members of the association : fim 100 * undergraduate and ma students free * payment upon registration * send by giro account no 800013-1424850 to the linguistic association of finland ( sky ) / variation , or payment at the beginning of the workshop in cash other costs : * accommodation and food fim 170 x 3 . accommodation primarily in 4 - 8 person rooms . * bus from oulu to hailuoto on the morning of 14 august and back on the afternoon of 16 august ( fare between fim 50-100 ) the deadline for submission of abstracts ( one page ; preferably in english ) and registration is april 30 , 1998 . please register and submit an abstract by e-mail to the following address : variation @ ling . helsinki . fi if you send this information by snail mail , please provide an e-mail address as a contact address ( if possible ) . participants will be notified about acceptance by may 31 . for further information , please contact one of the following organizers : marja leinonen marja - leena sorjonen filologia ii department of finnish university of tampere p . o . box 33 p . o . box 67 fin-00014 university of helsinki 33101 tampere finland finland e-mail : sorjonen @ helsinki . fi e-mail : f2male @ uta . fi elise k \ 228rkk \ 228inen matti miestamo department of english department of linguistics university of oulu p . o . box 4 p . o . box 111 fin-00014 university of helsinki fin-90571 oulu finland finland e-mail : matmies @ ling . helsinki . fi e-mail : elise . karkkainen @ oulu . fi information can also be found at : http : / / www . ling . helsinki . fi / sky / variation . html
",0
2330,"Subject: dialectal variation
 
 harold orton centenary conference : dialectal variation in english school of english university of leeds leeds ls2 9jt uk march 24-26 1998 third circular : program ( me ) tuesday , 24 march 14 . 00 - 14 . 45 registration and coffee at devonshire hall 14 . 45 - 15 . 00 welcome 15 . 00 - 16 . 00 plenary lawrence m davis , charles l houck & veronika horv \ 225th . the east - west new england dialect boundary : another look at the evidence . 16 . 00 - 16 . 30 tea break 16 . 30 - 18 . 00 parallel sessions a nineteenth century dialectology manfred g \ 246rlach . attitudes towards bre dialects in the 19th century . graham shorrocks . an assessment of the development and achievements of british english dialectology in the c19 . bernard jones . barnes and the english dialect society . b regional dialectology 1 kurt rydland . front rounded vowels in traditional northumbrian english : the evidence of the orton corpus . peter wright . earliest days of the survey : its lancashire investigations through dr . fritz rohrer of the university of zurich . mark j jones . the phonology of definite article reduction . 18 . 15 visit to brotherton library , for exhibition , and reception sponsored by routledge 19 . 30 return to devonshire hall dinner , & talk : stanley ellis . reminiscences of the harold orton and the sed wednesday , 25 march 09 . 00 - 10 . 30 parallel sessions a lexicology anna - oksana lozynska . on some problems of decoding polysemantic elements of authentic text . uliana potiantynyk . evolution of slang in the last decades of the 20th century . natalia klimenko . linguistic aspect of adoption of english borrowing ( neologisms ) in the russian language . b social approaches 1 dominic watt . the nurse and north sets in tyneside english . jenny cheshire , annie gillett & ann williams . new dialects for old ? change and continuity in urban british english . sali tagliamonte . synchrony and diachrony in an english dialect . 10 . 30 - 11 . 00 coffee break 11 . 00 - 12 . 00 plenary william elmer . computer capture of the sed basic material . 12 . 00 - 13 . 00 parallel sessions a historical dialectology 1 jeremy smith . prolegomena to a new history of middle english spelling : dialectal variation and communicative function . robert stockwell & donka minkova . explanations of sound change : the intersection between dialect data and phonetic ' naturalness ' . b social approaches 2 paul foulkes & gerry docherty . variation in the realisation of glottal in tyneside english . kimberley farrar , esther grabe & francis nolan . english intonation in the british isles . 13 . 00 - 14 . 00 lunch 14 . 00 - 15 . 30 parallel sessions a social approaches 3 c macafee . scots language attitudes and language maintenance . jane stuart - smith . t - glottalling in glaswegian . jennifer smith . ' but they never tells you that in the paper ' : grammatical variation in a scottish dialect . b dialect in literature joan beal . popular literature in tyneside english : from geordie ridley to viz . rory mcturk . where have all the dialects gone ? some problems of literary translation from english into icelandic . hans sauer . literary representations of modern scottish english . 15 . 30 - 16 . 00 tea break 16 . 00 - 17 . 30 parallel sessions a social approaches 4 sandrine dalban . supra - local forms and gender identity : a study of tyneside adolescents . louise cunningham . gender and dialects : issues of social change . lyndsay jarvis . measuring the decline of scots vocabulary b regional dialectology 2 heinrich ramisch . the definite article in northern english dialects . gunnel melchers . ' brittly , cassen , splay-feeted ' . derivational morphology in regional dialects . 17 . 00 - 18 . 00 guillaume schiltz . workshop on dialectometry . 18 . 00 - 19 . 00 reception , talk and readings the novelist and script-writer barry hines . ( yorkshire & humberside arts ) 19 . 45 for 20 . 00 reception and conference dinner . music by o'contraire . thursday , 26 march 09 . 00 - 10 . 00 plenary william a kretzschmar jr . the future of dialectology . 10 . 00 - 11 . 00 parallel sessions a ongoing leeds projects jussi klemola & mark jones . the leeds corpus of english dialects project , clive upton & carmen llamas . the first sure moves : early steps towards a large dialect project b international perspectives elvira myachinskaya & yuri kleiner . english dialectology in leningrad - st petersburg , russia chris jeffrey . english in south africa 11 . 00 - 11 . 30 coffee break 11 . 30 - 13 . 00 parallel sessions a historical dialectology 2 derek a britton . richard brome and lancashire dialect of the seventeenth century . anette rosenbach & letizia vezzosi . was the s-genitive a traveller through england ? merja black . parellel lines through time ? written and spoken variation in english dialects . b regional dialectology 3 arnold kellett . bridging the dialect gap . john widdowson . lexical erosion in english regional dialects . alan v murray . ' you can't wesist my chawisma ' : sociolinguistic aspects of / r / variation in dialects of british english 12 . 00 - 13 . 00 lunch and farewell pm optional excursion to ilkley and its moor ( payment extra ) , if there is sufficient demand , . harold orton centenary conference march 24-26 1998 registration details 1998 sees the centenary of the birth of harold orton , co-founder of the survey of english dialects , and the half-centenary of the survey itself . the conference aims to take stock of the research achievements in dialectology to date ; to address current issues in diachronic and synchronic variation in english , from the perspectives of dialectology , socio-linguistics ; corpus-based linguistics ; stylistics , literary dialect study , and other related fields ; and to look forward to research projects for the new millennium . the conference organisers also wish to bring together colleagues and young scholars working on linguistic variation in english from all over the world . a selection of papers will be published in the leeds studies in english . offers of ' work in progress ' reports or project details ( as poster sessions ) , workshops , , etc . are still welcome . please send any titles as soon as possible to dr clive upton < clive @ sed . prestel . co . uk > or < c . s . upton @ leeds . ac . uk > ; or c / o school of english , university of leeds . during the conference : there will be a special exhibition of sed materials , etc and regional writers in the special collections section of the brotherton library . other archive materials , from the sed and former institute of folk life studies housed in the school of english can be made available for consultation . there will also be exhibitions and book and dialect society displays , poster sessions , on site . a lunch-time finish allows people to go on to the sociolinguistics symposium 12 at the institute of education ( mid-day 26 march to saturday 28 march ) , organised by euan reid . in timetabling the papers , we have endeavoured to accommodate this event . location of conference and registration . the conference is being held in the university 's devonshire hall , which is set in its own ' cloistered ' grounds just 10 / 15 minute walk north of the main campus across woodhouse moor , and off the road to headingley ( otley road ) there are frequent bus services to the campus and city , just 10 / 15 minutes away . there is a lounge bar , squash court , launderette , billiards and snooker rooms , and dance area . all study bedrooms have wash handbasins , and tea and coffee making facilities . there is on-street car parking near the main gates . registration and welcome on tuesday 24 march from 2 . 00 p . m . onwards . leeds is a vibrant , cosmopolitan city , full of markets , malls , galleries and caf \ 233s . the university of leeds is one of the largest in the uk . the mainline station is only one mile from the university , and has full intercity connections . there is an hourly train link with london ( journey time between 2 hours and 2 and a half hours ) . the m1 / m62 reaches into the city centre . the leeds / bradford airport 6 miles away serves the uk and europe , with british midland shuttles to london , amsterdam and paris . there is also an excellent rail link between leeds and manchester airport . optional excursion : to ilkley & its moor ( singing obligatory ) . costs : the full residential package includes conference fee ; bed and full english breakfast , morning and afternoon refreshments , two course buffet lunch with coffee , three course dinner with coffee / conference banquet ; drinks reception . \ 163145 the non-residential package includes conference fee ; morning and afternoon refreshments ; lunch and dinner / banquet ; drinks reception . \ 163105 harold orton conference registration form ( please detach and return to catherine sowden , conference secretary , school of english , university of leeds , leeds ls2 9jt ) title and name - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - address for correspondence - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - telephone - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - fax - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - e - mail - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - are you intending to give a paper ? - - - - - - - - or workshop ? - - - - - - - - or poster session ? - - - - - - - - - any special audio-visual and / or computing equipment requirements ? would you be willing to chair a session ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - do you wish your session to be timetabled to enable you to go on to the sociolinguistics symposion on thursday afternoon ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( please try to bring all your hand-outs with you . photocopying facilities are limited , and you will be charged . ) do you want ( a ) full board - - - - - - - ( b ) non-residential package - - - - - - - any special dietary requirements ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - do you want any additional nights bed and breakfast ? ( cost : \ 16326 per person per night ) ( please specify ) - - - - - - - - would you be interested in any excursion , and if so where to ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cheques in sterling and drawn on a uk clearing bank or eurocheque account should be made payable to ' the university of leeds ' , and sent to catherine sowden , conference secretary , school of english , university of leeds , leeds ls2 9jt . credit card payments also accepted ( access , master card and visa only ) : credit card name and number : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - expiry date - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - signature - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - please return this form by january 31st 1998 at the latest if you require residential accommodation ! ! ! if you have any queries , please contact professor katie wales , conference organiser , school of english , university of leeds . < k . wales @ leeds . ac . uk > please feel free to inform colleagues of this conference . or if you know of someone who would like to be put on our mailing list , please let katie wales know . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * anthea fraser gupta : http : / / www . leeds . ac . uk / english / $ staff / afg school of english university of leeds leeds ls2 9jt uk * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
2331,"Subject: workshops and conferences at 1999 institute
 
 workshops and conferences at the 1999 linguistic institute linguistics for the 21st century : form and function from western and nonwestern perspectives the summer linguistic institute has traditionally been a popular venue for host workshops and conferences . the upcoming 1999 institute will be held at the university of illinois june 21 - july 30 1999 . if you are interested in organizing a workshop or conference at the 1999 linguistic institute , please contact us as soon as pos - sible ( before may 30 1998 , if at all possible ) . the infrastructure will be in place to host events that range from 10-500 participants . we expect dozens of events to be held here during the institute , and popular dates and rooms will fill up fast . information on the web : about the institute : http : / / cogsci . uiuc . edu / ~ linginst / 1999 / page . html . about the linguistics department at the university of illinois : http : / / www . cogsci . uiuc . edu / linguistics . about the university of illinois and surrounding community : http : / / www . uiuc . edu adele goldberg , internal associate director linguistics department 4088 foreign languages building 707 south mathews urbana , il 61801 adele @ cogsci . uiuc . edu 217 333-7017 hans henrich hock , director ivan sag , external director kelly maynard , assistant
",0
2332,"Subject: discourse , anaphora and reference resolution 2 - call for delegates
 
 call for delegates daarrc2 - discourse , anaphora and reference resolution colloquium lancaster university , 1 - 4th august , 1998 invited speakers - prof . michael hoey "" looking at the text linguistics of certain words "" prof . pieter seuren "" a discourse - semantic account of donkey anaphora "" branimir boguraev "" anaphora in computational linguistics "" in this email : description draft programme registration form description anaphora and problems of reference resolution have received a great deal of attention from workers in linguistics , computational linguistics , artificial intelligence and information retrieval for a number of decades . such problems have proved a major challenge for all of these fields , and a great many differing theories and solutions have been proposed and implemented with varying degrees of success . this colloquium aims to fill a need for researchers in this field to meet . our hope is that this meeting will allow all of the different strands of work to be identified , with a view to producing an up-to - date review of the field . to this end , a coloquium will take place from the 1st to the 4th of august , 1998 at lancaster university , uk , organized jointly by the department of linguistics , lancaster university and the institute for english studies , lodz university , poland . this colloquium is a follow up to the highly succesful daarc colloquium held at lancaster in 1996 . our aim this time is specifically geared towards encouraging a cross-fertilization of ideas between theoretical linguistics , corpus linguistics and computational linguistics . the daarc2 organizing committee simon botley , lodz university , poland tony mcenery , lancaster university , uk ruslan mitkov , wolverhampton university , uk pieter seuren , nijmegen university , netherlands andrew wilson , chemnitz university , germany draft programme day 1 2 - 5 registration 7 buffet / wine reception day 2 8 - 9 breakfast 9 - 10 plenary a - michael hoey 6 "" looking at the text linguistics of certain words "" 10 - 11 session a - corpus 1 marco antonio de rocha , university of sussex , uk , "" anaphora , collocations and discourse markers in dialogues in english and portuguese "" michael barlow , rice university , usa , "" feature mismatches and anaphora resolution "" 11 - 11 : 30 coffee 11 : 30 - 1 session b computational ruslan mitkov , university of wolverhampton , uk , "" evaluating anaphora resolution approaches "" suzanne luperfoy , mitre corporation , usa , "" incremental pronoun resolution in discourse representation theory "" s . azzam , k . humphreys , and r . gaizauskas , university of sheffield , uk , "" extending a simple coreference algorithm with a focusing mechanism "" 1 - 2 : 30 lunch 2 : 30 - 4 : 00 session c - theoretical approaches 1 kris fletcher , university of lincolnshire and humberside , "" proactive versus retroactive processing in pronominal resolution "" sophia cormack , university of sunderland , "" incremental pronoun resolution in discourse representation theory "" miriam eckert , university of edinburgh , uk , "" the german topic position and null anaphora "" 4 - 4 : 30 tea 4 : 30 - 6 : 30 session d - theoretical approaches 2 ileana comorowski , university of nancy , france , "" wh - complements and donkey anaphora "" evelyn fogwe , university of hamburg , germany , "" anaphora dn binding in meta questions "" seth minkoff , university of new mexico , usa , "" structural and hybrid binding "" ana teresa alves , univesridade dos azores , portugal , "" sentential anaphora and restrictions on temporal operators "" 7 : 30 dinner day 3 8 - 9 breakfast 9 - 10 plenary b - pieter steuren , nijmegen university , netherlands , "" a discourse - semantic account of donkey anaphora "" 10 - 11 session e - corpus 2 ronald geluykens , university of munster , germany , "" conversational anaphora and referential repair in english "" botley & uzar , university of lodz , poland , "" investigating learner english anaphora the pelcra way "" 11 - 11 : 30 coffee 11 : 30 - 1 session f - computational donna byron and james allen , university of rochester , usa , "" resolving demonstrative anaphora in the trains93 corpus "" amit bagga , duke university , usa , "" the evaluation of coreferences and coreference resolution systems "" roland stuckardt , university of frankfurt , germany , "" an efficient centering - based algorithm for anaphor resolution "" 1 - 2 : 30 2 : 30 - 4 : 00 session g - theoretical approaches 3 fridirique depain - delmotte , university of besancon , "" resolving anaphoric reference - a multi - strategy approach "" gary wilson , university of lincolnshire & humderside , uk , "" do situational or thematic roles provide the best cues to pronoun assignment ? "" maarten jaansen , university of utrecht , netherlands , "" nominal versus plain anaphora "" 4 : 00 - 4 : 30 tea 4 : 30 - 6 : 30 session h - theoretical approaches 4 tomoko tsujimoto , osaka institute of technology , japan , "" discourse deixis : this , that and it "" kirsi hiltunen , university of joensuu , finland , "" reflexive pronouns in finnish : syntactic or pragmatic ? "" andrei popescu - belis and isabelle robba , limsi-cnrs , france , "" evaluation of coreference rules on complex narrative texts "" antonio branco , german research center for artificial intelligence and university of lisbon , germany / portugal , "" a lean constraint based implementation of binding theory "" 7 : 30 dinner day 4 8 - 9 breakfast 9 - 10 plenary c , bran boguraev "" anaphora in computational linguistics "" 10 - 11 session i - corpus 3 tony mcenery , simon botley & paul baker , lancaster & lodz university , uk / poland , "" developmental deixis - deixis in the age range 7 - 11 "" antonio ferandez , m . palomar and l . moreno , alicante university , spain , "" a computational approach to pronominal anaphora , one anaphora and surface - count anaphora "" 11 - 11 : 30 coffee 11 : 30 - 1 session j - computational 3 claude belisle and denis morell , universities of tours & nantes , france , "" the automatic building of a relationships tranducer between proper names based on relational database system - an example of detection and processing of relationships between names of places and names of inhabitants "" ivadre parabono and vera lucia strube de lima , pontificia universidade catolica do rio grande do sul , brazil , "" possessive pronominal anaphor resolution in portuguese written texts "" jan kuper , university of twente , netherlands , "" anaphora in the case of universal and existential quantifiers "" 1 - 2 : 30 lunch the end daarc2 registration form = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = to register : 1 . send this form by surface mail to : daarc2 , department of linguistics and modern english language , lancaster university , bailrigg , lancaster la1 4yt united kingdom 2 . or fax it to : + 44 - 1524 - 843085 3 . or email it to : mcenery @ comp . lancs . ac . uk please register before 5th june 1998 , otherwise we cannot guarrantee the availability of accommodation . the fee for daarc2 includes the following : attendance at all daarc2 sessions conference pack including proceedings accommodation on the 1st , 2nd and 3rd august meals : 1st august : evening buffet and wine reception 2nd august : mid-morning coffee , lunch , afternoon coffee and dinner 3rd august : breakfast plus mid-morning coffee , lunch , afternoon coffee and dinner . 4th august : breakfast , mid-morning coffee , lunch accommodation is provided in single study bedrooms on the lancaster university main campus . should you wish to bring a partner and require double or twin room accomodation please contact the organizers as soon as possible . such accomodation is limited at the the campus and will be given on a first come first served basis . payment details : fees are payable in pounds sterling or us dollars . please make cheques payable to ' lancaster university ' . sterling money orders can also be used for payment , and must be made payable to ' lancaster university ' . us dollar cheques are also acceptable , using a fixed exchange rate of 1 . 5 $ us to the pound . unfortunately , we cannot accept credit card payments . you may pay at the conference in cash . please indicate clearly on the form if you wish to exercise this option . early registration discounts do not apply to such registrations , however . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = registration form = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ title : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ department : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ institution / organisation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postcode / city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ payment before 14 / 6 / 98 residential 280 . 00 gbp [ ] student 200 . 00 gbp [ ] non - residential 150 . 00 gbp [ ] payment after 14 / 6 / 98 [ ] or payment at registration [ ] ( tick as appropriate ) residential 300 . 00 gbp [ ] student 220 . 00 gbp [ ] non - residential 170 . 00 gbp [ ] accompanying persons : accompanying persons , who will not attend the conference but who are travelling with delegates , may register for the conference for accomodation and meals only at an 80 gbp discount on the full residential price . they should fill in registration form and ammend it accordingly , marking it clearly accompanying person . note : students must provide written evidence of their full time student status , such as an official headed letter from their supervisor . additional accomodation on night of july 31st ( including breakfast on 1st of august ) : 40 . 00 gbp [ ] additional accomodation on the night of 4th august ( including breakfast on the 5th august ) : 40 . 00 gbp [ ] special dietary requirements : none [ ] vegetarian [ ] vegan [ ] other [ ] please specify : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ any other comments : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
",0
2333,"Subject: workshop announcement for distribution
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for papers call for papers call for papers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * acl / coling-98 workshop on partially automated techniques for transcribing naturally occurring , continuous speech august 16 , 1998 ( following acl / coling-98 ) university of montreal , montreal ( quebec , canada ) call for papers description - - - - - - - - - - the development of robust systems for speech analysis and synthesis depends crucially on the availability of well-annotated corpora of naturally occurring , continuous speech . yet existing speech corpora are rarely well-annotated . a key to proper annotation is the availability of partially automated systems for linking selected portions of a visual display of speech to the corresponding transcriptions . to be of practical use , such systems must be able to handle large files of digitized speech and they should permit transcriptions at different levels of analysis . this workshop will be devoted to the presentation and discussion of papers and software demonstrations which reflect the current state of the art . we invite proposals of up to 800 words which address the development , use , evaluation , or potential commercial application of such systems . submissions - - - - - - - - - - only email submissions in latex or ascii will be accepted . authors should submit an abstract of no more than 800 words to : trans98 @ cs . concordia . ca style files and templates for latex submissions can be found at http : / / colingacl98 . iro . umontreal . ca / styles . html the official language of the conference is english . important deadlines - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - submission deadline : april 15 , 1998 notification date : may 15 , 1998 camera ready copy due : june 15 , 1998 program committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nancy belmore concordia university , canada sabine bergler concordia university , canada john esling univ . of victoria , canada eric keller univ . of lausanne , switzerland roland kuhn panasonic technologies , inc . , u . s . a . douglas o'shaughnessy inrs - telecommunications , canada ching y . suen concordia university , canada organizers - - - - - - - - - nancy belmore concordia university , canada sabine bergler concordia university , canada douglas o'shaughnessy inrs - telecommunications , canada registration - - - - - - - - - - - there is a discounted workshop fee for participants of coling / acl . participants who are not registered for coling / acl will have to pay the full workshop fee ( to be announced shortly ) . information - - - - - - - - - - any requests for information should be sent to trans98 @ cs . concordia . ca
",0
2334,"Subject: call for papers / appel a publier
 
 [ message francais ci-dessous ] call for papers mcgill working papers in linguistics / cahiers linguistiques de mcgill mcgill working papers in linguistics / cahiers linguistiques de mcgill is a publication concerned with the various aspects of the study of language , including morphology , phonology , semantics , syntax , language acquisition , psycholinguistics , neurolinguistics , sociolinguistics , and the philosophy of language . the articles appearing in mcgill working papers in linguistics / cahiers linguistiques de mcgill are previously unpublished reports of ongoing research and may subsequently appear , revised or unrevised , in other publications . papers in any of the above areas are solicited for volume 14 , issue 1 , which is scheduled to appear november 1998 . we welcome submissions in either english or french . deadline for submission : may 15th , 1998 authors are requested to provide both a hard and diskette copy . files should preferably be formatted with microsoft word 5 or 6 ( for mac or pc ) . please include any special font ( e . g . phonetic ) used . accepted papers will be returned to the authors for subsequent revision and formatting . any questions should be directed to the editors , at either the postal or the email addresses below . yvan rose jeffrey steele editors department of linguistics mcgill university 1001 sherbrooke st . west montreal ( quebec ) h3a 1g5 canada email : yrose @ po-box . mcgill . ca jsteel1 @ po-box . mcgill . ca appel a publier cahiers linguistiques de mcgill / mcgill working papers in linguistics les cahiers linguistiques de mcgill / mcgill working papers in linguistics s ' interessent a tous les aspects relies a l ' etude du langage , incluant la morphologie , la phonologie , la semantique , la syntaxe , l ' acquisition , la psycholinguistique , la neurolinguistique , la sociolinguistique , et la philosophie du langage . les articles qui paraissent dans les cahiers linguistiques de mcgill / mcgill working papers in linguistics sont des travaux en cours qui peuvent ensuite apparaitre , en version revisee ou non , dans d ' autres revues scientifiques . nous sollicitons des articles dans l ' une ou l ' autre des disciplines mentionnees ci-dessus pour le volume 14 , numero 1 , dont la date de parution est prevue pour novembre 1998 . les articles peuvent etre soumis en francais ou en anglais . date limite pour soumettre : 15 mai 1998 les auteurs doivent soumettre a la fois une copie imprimee et le fichier informatique de l ' article . les fichiers doivent etre formates avec microsoft word 5 ou 6 ( pour mac ou pc ) . svp inclure toute police de caracteres non standard ( p . ex . caracteres phonetiques ) utilisee . les travaux acceptes seront retournes aux auteurs pour revisions et mise en page subsequentes . toute question doit etre directement adressee aux editeurs , a l ' une ou l ' autre des adresses postale ou electroniques ci-dessous . yvan rose jeffrey steele editeurs departement de linguistique universite mcgill 1001 rue sherbrooke ouest montreal ( quebec ) h3a 1g5 canada courriel : yrose @ po-box . mcgill . ca jsteel1 @ po-box . mcgill . ca
",0
2335,"Subject: december conference
 
 preliminary announcement first international workshop on written language processing sydney , australia 7th - 9th december 1998 the aim of this workshop ( iwwlp ) is to bring together researchers from around the world who are interested in the cognitive processes involved in reading . the emphasis will be on the empirical study of orthographic , phonological , semantic and syntactic processing in reading words and sentences . it is hoped that the research reported throughout the workshop will include analyses of a broad range of languages and types of script . papers will be of 20 minutes in length with 10 minutes extra for questions . there may also be poster sessions depending on the number of participants involved . the workshop will take place shortly after the 5th international conference on spoken language processing that will also occur in sydney ( 30th november-4 th december 1998 , see : http : / / trust . anu . edu . au : 80 / icslp98 / ) . there will be an official call for papers for iwwlp at a later date . at this stage , we are wanting to develop a mailing list of interested parties and to determine the approximate number of participants . if there is any chance of you participating , please send an email to m . taft @ unsw . edu . au ( as soon as possible ) saying the following : name : address : email : fax : probability that you will come : would you present a paper ? if yes , oral or poster ? please circulate this notice to any other people whom you think might be interested . contact : marcus taft , school of psychology , university of nsw , sydney nsw 2052 australia fax : + 612-93853641 phone : + 612-93853026 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * marcus taft , ph . d . associate professor school of psychology university of new south wales sydney n . s . w . 2052 australia ph : 61 - 2-9385 3026 fax : 61 - 2-9385 3641
",0
2336,"Subject: amta-98 ( machine translation )
 
 amta-98 : machine translation and the information soup ( mt in a growing field of language technologies ) the sheraton bucks county hotel langhorne , pennsylvania october 28-31 , 1998 organized by amta - association for machine translation in the americas the association for machine translation in the americas is pleased to convene its third conference in the biennial series , to be held at the sheraton bucks county hotel in langhorne , pa , on 28-31 october , with tutorials and welcoming reception on wednesday , october 28 . the mt summit last year commemorated the 50th anniversary of machine translation . during that time , mt grew from a tantalizing dream to a respectable and stable scientific-linguistic enterprise , with users , commercial systems , university research , and government participation . but until very recently , mt has been performed in a relatively isolated manner , as a distinct enterprise . this situation is changing rapidly . the explosive growth of the web has brought multilingual text into the reach of nearly everyone with a computer . it is increasingly urgent that the various types of language processing technologies - - information retrieval , automated summarization , multimodal and multilingual display , and machine translation - - be interconnected . amta invites all who are interested in any aspect of machine translation - - developers , researchers , users , and watchers - - to attend the conference in october . at amta-98 we will focus on methods of integrating the language technologies , with invited speakers , panel discussions , papers by researchers and developers , workshops , tutorials , and more . participation by members of amta 's sister organization , aamt in asia and eamt in europe , is strongly encouraged . and people working in related areas , such as information retrieval and summarization , are very welcome to attend . registration form a copy of the amta-98 registration form will soon be posted on the web at : http : / / www . isi . edu / natural-language / amta98 . html the program once again there will be something for everyone ! retaining the pattern of parallel sessions established by its predecessors , amta-98 will offer a mixture of : - invited talks - panels on current and debated issues - practical and theoretical papers - tutorials - live theater-style system demonstrations - exhibits of systems and products featured speakers - situating mt in the information ( language technology ) soup - commercial demands on mt - what can mt technology deliver ? - integration of mt with other language tools special sessions - mt related language technologies - automatic extraction of bilingual lexicons - the future of the lexicon in mt panels - new users : implementing mt technology - the amta / iamt seal of approval : sorting the good from the bad - future needs : breaking the quality ceiling system demonstrations demonstrations will be given both in a theater-style setting as part of the regular program and on tabletops , where non-commercial systems will be presented on an announced schedule . demonstrations will occur in parallel with the research paper sessions . research papers papers on a variety of topics , written and presented by researchers , practitioners and users of machine translation and related language technologies will be presented in sessions parallel to the system demonstrations . exhibits in addition to the scheduled demonstrations , vendor booths will showcase commercial products on an ongoing basis throughout the conference . tutorials participants may choose from a number of tutorials to be held in the morning and the afternoon of wednesday , 28 october . accommodations : the sheraton bucks county hotel - langhorne , pa conveniently located in an area renowned for its beauty , history and culture , the sheraton bucks county hotel offers easy access to philadelphia , new york and new jersey . just off i-95 and route 1 , northeast of philadelphia , it is minutes away from planes , trains and turnpikes , right in the heart of berenstein bears countryside . guests are surrounded by unique shopping , sightseeing and enter - tainment opportunities including sesame place , peddler 's village , and the franklin mills mall , and minutes away from historic new hope . atlantic city and the pennsylvania dutch country are easy day trips . this recently built , colonial style hotel has 187 - rooms . accommodations include luxurious suites for corporate lodging and entertaining , and an executive floor . spacious guest rooms are soundproof and feature individually controlled air conditioning , direct two-line touch-tone phones , cable tv with remote control , and coffee makers . the elegant hospitality is complete with valet parking , a hair salon for men and women , valet service , gift shop , video game room , fully-equipped spa with indoor pool , state-of - the-art exercise equipment , jacuzzi , steam room and sauna . guests and members may receive individualized expert assistance with their fitness programs . further information will be available from : http : / / www . isi . edu / natural-language / amta98 . html related events - wednesday , welcoming reception in exhibit area ( complementary ) - friday , banquet at the university of pennsylvania museum - saturday , optional tour of historic downtown philadelphia area : independence mall , liberty bell , etc . additional information please contact eduard hovy at the address below if you have further questions about the program , site , or accommodations , or to request the amta-98 registration packet , which includes a map and directions for ground transportation . for more information as it becomes available , as well as a printable copy of the amta-98 registration form , see : http : / / www . isi . edu / natural-language / amta98 . html organizers conference chair eduard hovy usc information sciences institute 4676 admiralty way marina del rey , ca 90292-6695 usa tel : + 1-310 - 822-1511 ext . 731 fax : + 1-310 - 823-6714 email : hovy @ isi . edu program chairs laurie gerber systran software , inc . 7855 fay avenue , suite 300 la jolla , ca 92037 usa tel : + 1-619 - 459-6700 ext . 119 fax : + 1-619 - 459-8487 email : lgerber @ systransoft . com david farwell computing research laboratory new mexico state university box 3001 / 3crl las cruces , new mexico 88003 usa tel : + 1-505 - 646-5108 fax : + 1-505 - 646-6218 email : david @ crl . nmsu . edu local arrangements chair martha palmer department of computer and information science university of pennsylvania 200 s . 33rd street philadelphia , pa 19104 tel : + 1-215 - 898-2661 fax : + 1-215 - 898-0587 email : mpalmer @ linc . cis . upenn . edu exhibits coordinator kim belvin 659 dell street solana beach , ca 92075 tel : + 1-619 - 481-8446 fax : + 1-619 - 350-8613 amta focal point deborah becker association for machine translation in the americas 1201 pennsylvania avenue , n . w . , suite 300 washington , dc 20004 usa tel / fax : + 1-703 - 716-0912 email : amta @ clark . net - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - eduard hovy email : hovy @ isi . edu usc information sciences institute tel : 310-822 - 1511 ext 731 4676 admiralty way fax : 310-823 - 6714 marina del rey , ca 90292-6695 project homepage : http : / / www . isi . edu / natural-language / nlp-at - isi . html
",0
2337,"Subject: coling - acl ' 98 workshop announcements
 
 below are two more coling - acl ' 98 workshop announcements : - discourse relations and discourse markers - partially automated techniques for transcribing naturally occurring , continuous speech seperated by : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for papers coling - acl ' 98 workshop "" discourse relations and discourse markers "" august 15 , 1998 universiti de montrial montrial / canada ( see also : http : / / flp . cs . tu-berlin . de / ~ marker / aclcolingws . html ) the notion of discourse relation has received many different interpretations , some of which are hardly compatible with one another . nonetheless , there is a consensus among researchers that intersegment relations hold between adjacent portions of a text and that these relations may be signalled by linguistic means , including so-called cue phrases , aspect and mood shifts , theme inversions , and other markers . the workshop intends to bring together researchers working on discourse relations and discourse markers in different linguistic traditions and different nlp applications . the particular focus of the workshop is the issue of discourse relations from the viewpoint of linguistic realization . specifically , contributions should address one or more of the following questions : o what are sound methodologies for comparing similar discourse markers ( contrastive studies , distribution analyses , etc . ) ? o what are sound methodologies for relating discourse relations with potential realizations ? o are there discourse relations that are always lexically signalled ? are there any that are never lexically signalled ? o what non-lexical ( i . e . , syntactic or prosodic ) means are used to signal a relation ? o in production , how does one decide whether to signal a relation at all ? o in production , how does one motivate a choice among candidate signals for a given relation ? o in production , how does the choice of signal interact with other decisions ( in particular , those of linearizing some tree or graph structure ) ? o in analysis , is it possible to reliably infer discourse relations from surface cues ? o in analysis , how can one disambiguate polysemous signals such as "" and "" , "" since "" ( temporal or causal ) etc . ? o what are useful lexical representations of discourse markers , for both analysis and production ? o what are useful representations of discourse relations ( and the entities they relate ) , such that they facilitate the realization decision ? what features would one like to have handy in a representation so that choices can be made easily ? o are there significant differences between realizations in spoken and written language ? o how do individual languages differ in terms of any of the above issues ? organizing committee the workshop is organized by manfred stede ( tu berlin ) leo wanner ( university of stuttgart ) eduard hovy ( isi / usc , marina del rey ) requirements for submission papers are invited that address any of the topics listed above . maximum length is 8 pages including figures and references . please use a4 or us letter format and set margins so that the text lies within a rectangle of 6 . 5 x 9 inches ( 16 . 5 x 23 cm ) . use classical fonts such as times roman or computer modern , 11 to 12 points for text , 14 to 16 points for headings and title . latex users are encouraged to use the style file provided by acl : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / colaclsub . sty papers can be submitted either electronically in postscript format , or as hardcopies . submissions from north america should be sent to : eduard hovy information sciences institute 4676 admiralty way marina del rey , ca 90292-6695 u . s . a . hovy @ isi . edu submissions from elsewhere should be sent to either of the following : manfred stede leo wanner tu berlin computer science department kit project group intelligent systems group sekr . fr 6-10 university of stuttgart franklinstr . 28 / 29 breitwiesenstr . 20-22 d-10587 berlin d-70565 stuttgart germany germany stede @ cs . tu-berlin . de wannerlo @ informatik . uni-stuttgart . de timetable deadline for electronic submissions : march 10 , 1998 deadline for hardcopy submissions : march 13 ( arrival date ) notification of acceptance : may 1 , 1998 final manuscripts due : june 12 , 1998 program committee sandra carberry ( u delaware ) barbara dieugenio ( u pittsburgh ) eduard hovy ( usc / isi ) alistair knott ( u edinburgh ) alex lascarides ( u edinburgh ) owen rambow ( cogentex inc . ) ted sanders ( u utrecht ) donia scott ( u brighton ) wilbert spooren ( u tilburg ) manfred stede ( tu berlin ) keith vander linden ( calvin college ) marilyn walker ( att labs ) leo wanner ( u stuttgart ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for papers call for papers call for papers acl / coling-98 workshop on partially automated techniques for transcribing naturally occurring , continuous speech august 16 , 1998 ( following acl / coling-98 ) university of montreal , montreal ( quebec , canada ) call for papers description - - - - - - - - - - the development of robust systems for speech analysis and synthesis depends crucially on the availability of well-annotated corpora of naturally occurring , continuous speech . yet existing speech corpora are rarely well-annotated . a key to proper annotation is the availability of partially automated systems for linking selected portions of a visual display of speech to the corresponding transcriptions . to be of practical use , such systems must be able to handle large files of digitized speech and they should permit transcriptions at different levels of analysis . this workshop will be devoted to the presentation and discussion of papers and software demonstrations which reflect the current state of the art . we invite proposals of up to 800 words which address the development , use , evaluation , or potential commercial application of such systems . submissions - - - - - - - - - - only email submissions in latex or ascii will be accepted . authors should submit an abstract of no more than 800 words to : trans98 @ cs . concordia . ca style files and templates for latex submissions can be found at http : / / colingacl98 . iro . umontreal . ca / styles . html the official language of the conference is english . important deadlines - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - submission deadline : april 15 , 1998 notification date : may 15 , 1998 camera ready copy due : june 15 , 1998 program committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nancy belmore concordia university , canada sabine bergler concordia university , canada john esling univ . of victoria , canada eric keller univ . of lausanne , switzerland roland kuhn panasonic technologies , inc . , u . s . a . douglas o'shaughnessy inrs - telecommunications , canada ching y . suen concordia university , canada organizers - - - - - - - - - nancy belmore concordia university , canada sabine bergler concordia university , canada douglas o'shaughnessy inrs - telecommunications , canada registration - - - - - - - - - - - there is a discounted workshop fee for participants of coling / acl . participants who are not registered for coling / acl will have to pay the full workshop fee ( to be announced shortly ) . information - - - - - - - - - - any requests for information should be sent to trans98 @ cs . concordia . ca
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2338,"Subject: coling ws - - computational approaches to semitic languages
 
 workshop on computational approaches to semitic languages coling-acl98 sunday august 16 , 1998 , university of montreal second call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - workshop description although there exists a considerable body of cl research specifically targeted to semitic languages , much of the work to date has been the result of initiatives undertaken by individual researchers or research establishments . a direct consequence is that there is comparatively little awareness amongst practitioners of either the state of the art as practiced outside their own locality , the common challenges faced by all practitioners , or the potential for developing a coordinated approach . the aims of this workshop are therefore : * to provide a forum where current work in a broad range of subfields can be presented , collected and diffused . * to assess the state of the art with a view to identifying promising areas for future collaborative research . * to set up initiatives to explore the possibilities of supporting such research through national and international funding agencies . subtopics areas of interest include ( but are not limited to ) : * educational applications * empirical methods * orthographic represention * language modelling * language resources * lexicon and lexical represention * machine translation * morphology and phonology * multilinguality * syntax , parsing and generation * speech applications workshop programme committee michael rosner , university of malta , malta ( coordinator ) mohamed abd - elsalam , sakr software , egypt ken beesley , xerox research centre europe , france khalid choukri , elra / elda , france yaacov choueka , bar ilan university , israel fathi debili , cnrs-crlao ( paris ) / irmc , tunis mamoun hattab , arabic textware , amman , jordan george kiraz , bell labs , usa chadia moghrabi , univerity of moncton , canada mori rimon , hebrew university , israel sponsor mid - med bank , malta submission requirements deadlines * submission deadline : april 6 , 1998 * notification date : june 1 , 1998 * camera ready copy due : june 22 , 1998 format * electronic submissions only , postscript format . * provide a list of keywords and indicate the best fitting subtopic from the above list . * latex users are encouraged to use the style file provided by acl : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / colaclsub . sty * maximum length is 8 pages including figures and references . * please use a4 or us letter format and set margins so that the text lies within a rectangle of 6 . 5 x 9 inches ( 16 . 5 x 23 cm ) . * use classical fonts such as times roman or computer modern , 11 to 12 points for text , 14 to 16 points for headings and title . * please submit papers to mros @ cs . um . edu . mt . all submissions will be acknowledged . contact michael rosner : mros @ cs . um . edu . mt - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - mike rosner ( mros @ cs . um . edu . mt ) last modified : fri feb 20 15 : 08 : 23 met
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2339,"Subject: computational terminology workshop
 
 ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - final cfp : deadline march 23 , 1998 ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - first workshop on computational terminology computerm ' 98 when : august 15 , 1998 ( immediately following acl / coling-98 ) where : university of montreal , montreal ( quebec , canada ) description the workshop will provide a forum to bring together researchers from the fields of computational linguistics , terminology , automated translation , information retrieval and lexicography who share an interest in computational aspects of terminology processing : acquisition , extraction , indexing , machine-aided thesaurus building , dictionary construction , etc . the aim of the workshop is to stimulate the exchange of innovative ideas and results of diverse aspects of automatic term processing in order to bridge the gap between these fields . topics the topics of the workshop include ( but are not limited to ) : - construction of terminology resources - semi - or automatic acquisition of terms - semi - or automatic acquisition of conceptual knowledge - thesaurus construction and maintenance - use of terminology resources ( term banks , thesauri , specialized lexicons , . . . ) - terms in information retrieval ( stemming , automatic indexing , query expansion , . . . ) - multi - lingual terminological resources for cross-language ir - terminology management in machine-aided translation - terminology and nlp ( parsing , tagging , text understanding , generation , . . . ) - terminology processing for other applications submissions only hard-copy submissions will be accepted . authors should submit six ( 6 ) copies of their full-length paper ( 3500-5000 words ) . submissions should be sent : didier bourigault laboratoire de linguistique informatique universite paris xiii avenue j . - b . clement f-93430 villetaneuse france style files and templates for preparing submissions http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / styles . html the official language of the conference is english . however , papers can also be submitted in french . the final version of the papers will be accompanied by two long abstracts in two different languages . all the presentation at the workshop will be given in english . important deadlines submission deadline : march 23 , 1998 notification date : may 15 , 1998 camera ready copy due : june 15 , 1998 scientific committee khurshid ahmad ( university of surrey , uk ) sophia ananiadou ( manchester metropolitan university , manchester , uk ) peter anick ( digital equipment corporation , usa ) teresa cabre ( university pompeu fabra , barcelone , spain ) ken church ( at&t labs research , usa ) anne condamines ( cnrs , toulouse , france ) bruce croft ( university of massachusetts , usa ) ido dagan ( bar ilan university , israel ) beatrice daille ( irin nantes , france ) pascale fung ( hong kong university of science and technology , hong kong ) eric gaussier ( xerox research centre europe , france ) gregory grefenstette ( xerox research centre europe , france ) stephanie haas ( university of north carolina , usa ) benoit habert ( limsi & ens fontenay - st cloud , france ) ulrich heid ( universitaet stuttgart , stuttgart , germany ) kyo kageura ( nacsis , tokyo , japan ) judith klavans ( columbia univesity , usa ) robert krovetz ( nec research institute , usa ) robert losee ( university of north carolina , usa ) ingrid meyer ( university of ottawa , ottawa , canada ) jian - yun nie ( university of montreal , montreal , canada ) padmini srinivasan ( the university of iowa , usa ) tomek strzalkowski ( general electric company , usa ) evelyne tzoukermann ( bell labs innovations , lucent technologies , usa ) richard wojcik ( boeing company , usa ) pierre zweigenbaum ( ap-hp & universite paris 6 , france ) organizers didier bourigault ( cnrs and universite paris xiii , paris , france ) christian jacquemin ( limsi / cnrs , france ) marie - claude l ' homme ( universite de montreal , montreal , canada ) email contact mailto : db @ lli . univ-paris 13 . fr , christian . jacquemin @ iut-nantes . univ-nantes . fr , lhommem @ ere . umontreal . ca websites computerm worshop : http : / / tornade . ere . umontreal . ca : 80 / ~ lhommem / coling / computerm . html coling-acl ' 98 : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca
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2340,"Subject: terminology & knowledge engineering
 
 first call for papers tke ' 99 communicating into 2000 5th international congress on terminology and knowledge engineering innsbruck ( austria ) 24-28 august 1999 organized by association for terminology and knowledge transfer ( gtw ) international information centre for terminology ( infoterm ) international network for terminology ( termnet ) objectives of the congress on behalf of the association for terminology and knowledge transfer - gesellschaft fur terminologie und wissenstransfer ( gtw ) we are pleased to announce the 5th international congress on terminology and knowledge engineering tke ' 99 which will be held on the campus of the university of innsbruck , austria , between 24-28 august , 1999 . in continuation of the first four tke congresses in trier ( 1987 and 1990 ) , cologne ( 1993 ) and vienna ( 1996 ) , tke ' 99 will address world-wide interests in the interdisciplinary methods of terminology science , information science and computer science . it should furthermore help achieve the "" universal availability of information and knowledge "" via computerized methods and tools , open new horizons for more efficient applications based upon this integration of methodologies and elicit the interest and participation of experts working in the fields that are gradually drawing nearer from the point of theory and methodology such as - terminology research - knowledge engineering - language engineering - computational philosophy - classification theory - information & documentation - computer - assisted instruction / learning - computerized terminography - specialized translation - technical writing we welcome submission of papers describing substantial , original and unpublished research contributions in these fields . tke ' 99 will be divided into 8 sections concentrating on the following areas of research : 1 . knowledge theory and terminology 2 . knowledge data management 3 . multimedia and terminology 4 . language engineering and terminology 5 . documentation and terminology 6 . world wide web and terminology 7 . multilingualism and terminology 8 . specialist communication and terminology authors will be asked to identify the sections to which their submission corresponds . contributions that do not fall into any of the above areas but are nevertheless relevant to the field are also welcome . the working language of the congress is english . this refers to the written contributions as well as to their oral presentation . authors are asked to provide an abstract ( approx . 2 pages ) of their papers to the programme organizer by 15 october 1998 , at the latest . the title page is to show the title of the paper , the author 's name , address , phone number and fax number , and the section to which he / she is planning to contribute . the abstracts should be sent preferably by e-mail ( peter . sandrini @ uibk . ac . at ) ( a submission form is available on the tke home page : http : / / gtw-org . uibk . ac . at ) or by mail ( 4 copies ) or fax . the abstract then undergoes a reviewing process carried out by the programming committee and the section organizers . by the end of november 1998 the authors will be informed about the acceptance of their papers . then they will have time until february 1999 to submit a full paper in a4 camera-ready format and on floppy disk ( approx . 10 pages for the session papers and 15 pages for the keynotes ) , which will be processed for publication in the proceedings and printed prior to the congress . the proceedings will be available for the participants at the beginning of the congress . workshops / tutorials proposals for workshops and / or tutorials within the framework of the congress are welcomed and should be sent as soon as possible to the programme organizer . please send your submissions to peter sandrini universit \ 228t innsbruck , fischnalerstr . 4 , a-6020 innsbruck tel + 43 512 507 4261 fax + 43 512 507 2966 email peter . sandrini @ uibk . ac . at deadlines abstracts 15 october 1998 reviewing process november 1998 acceptance of the papers december 1998 full papers 15 february 1998deadline for cheaper registration 30 june 1999 congress 24 - 26 august 1999 workshops / tutorials 27 - 28 august 1999 programming committee : gerhard budin , infoterm , vienna ( austria ) m . teresa cabr \ 233 castellv \ 237 , universitat pompeu fabra , barcelona ( spain ) karl - heinz freigang , universitat saarbrucken ( germany ) christian galinski , infoterm , vienna ( austria ) john d . graham , mannesmann - demag , duisburg ( germany ) felix mayer , europaische akademie bozen ( italy ) alan k . melby , brigham young university , provo ( usa ) erhard oeser , universitat wien , vienna ( austria ) heribert picht , handelshajskolen i kobenhavn , copenhagen ( denmark ) m . cecilia plested alvarez , universidad de antioquia ( colombia ) peter sandrini , universitat innsbruch ( austria ) klaus - dirk schmitz , fachhochschule koln , cologne ( germany ) sergey d . shelov , committee for scientific terminology in fundamental research ( russia ) helmi sonneveld , eaft ( netherlands ) sue ellen wright , kent - state - university , ohio ( usa ) we look forward to receiving your submissions .
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2341,"Subject: effects of morphological case - - utrecht univ
 
 second call for papers effects of morphological case workshop to be held at the utrecht institute of linguistics ots , utrecht university , 28-29 august 1998 . organizers : helen de hoop , olaf koeneman , iris mulders , and fred weerman invited speakers : paul kiparsky , joan maling , alec marantz the aim of this workshop is to investigate the effects of morphological case that go beyond its mere phonological characteristics . in the gb model of the eighties , morphological case was considered a spell-out of abstract case . while abstract case is present in all languages , the spell-out is only in a subset . in such a view , the presence of morphological case may help to uncover more abstract features , but in itself it does not have syntactic or semantic effects . this runs counter to observations that the presence / absence of morphological case correlates with the presence / absence of certain syntactic and semantic properties . a case in point is the more or less classical observation that the presence of morphological case is related to the possibility for several types of scrambling . other approaches have been proposed to incorporate ( some of ) these effects of morphological case and the idea that parametric differences should be reducable to morphological properties has been defended with varying success . against this background , the present workshop seeks answers for questions like the following : what is the relation between morphological case and abstract case ? what are the distributional , interpretive and phonological effects of the presence of morphological case ? the aim of this workshop is to bring together theoretical and empirical considerations on the effects of morphological case . issues for discussion involve the implications of morphological case for abstract case theory , the difference between structural and inherent case , agreement , word order phenomena , grammaticalization processes , discourse theory , and semantics . we welcome contributions relating to all aspects of linguistics . in particular we are interested in comparative , diachronic and acquisitional evidence that shows that relations between morphological case and other aspects of the grammar do ( not ) exist . the program will include three invited lectures of experts on the topic of morphological case . the provisional titles are as follows : paul kiparsky ( stanford ) : ` cases as complementizers ' joan maling ( brandeis ) : ` morphological case is not ( always ) to blame ! ' alec marantz ( mit ) : ` in defense of "" spell-out "" : why morphological case should indeed have only an indirect reflective relation to the syntax ' the workshop has room for 13 selected talks of 35 minutes . authors should submit 5 copies of an anonymous abstract of no more than 2 pages , one camera-ready copy indicating the author 's name and a 3x5 "" card with the author 's name , address , affiliation , e-mail address , phone number , and the title of the paper . we hope to be able to ( partially ) reimburse all speakers . please send your abstracts to : workshop on morphological case utrecht institute of linguistics ots trans 10 3512 jk utrecht the netherlands the deadline for submission is april 1 , 1998 . authors will be notified of acceptance by may 15 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * olaf koeneman * * utrecht institute of linguistics ots * * trans 10 ( room 2 . 20 ) , 3512 jk utrecht * * tel . + 31 30 253 8304 * * email : koeneman @ let . ruu . nl * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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2342,"Subject: scil 10 : final call for papers
 
 final call for papers submission deadline : friday march 13 . student conference in linguistics 10 special theme : linguistics in cognitive science keynote speaker : lila gleitman june 6 - 7 , 1998 northwestern university the 10th annual student conference in linguistics will be held at northwestern university in june 1998 . scil is a student-run conference run which aims to bring together graduate students from around the world to present their research and build connections with other students . we invite original , unpublished work in any area of linguistics . we would particularly like to encourage submissions which border other disciplines , in keeping with the conference theme . this includes , but is not limited to , psycholinguistics , computational linguistics , anthropological linguistics , speech perception and language acquisition . further information is available at http : / / www . ling . nwu . edu / ~ scil queries should be directed to scil @ ling . nwu . edu
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2343,"Subject: syntax of east asian languages workshop
 
 usc workshop on syntax of east asian languages november 6 - 8 , 1998 this workshop is an attempt to intergrate the diachronic and synchronic study of chinese , japanese and korean syntax , concentrating on the issues of the structures and interpretations of nominal expressions and the syntax and morphology of function words . the list of invited speakers currently includes : james huang ( university of california , irvine ) yafei li ( university of wisconsin ) tsulin mei ( cornell university ) alain peyraube ( crlao , ehess ) naoki fukui ( university of california , irvine ) satoshi kinsui ( osaka university ) s . - y . kuroda ( tohoku university ) yukinori takubo ( kinsiu university ) hidon ahn ( kon kuk university ) william o'grady ( university of hawaii ) james yoon ( seoul national university , university of illinois ) there is a limited number of open slots available and we invite the submission of abstracts . each presentation will be 40 minutes , followed by 15 minutes of discussion . it is planned that the proceedings of the workshop will be published . please send to the organizing committee no later than june 1 , 1998 one copy of your abstract with your name and affliliation , plus five anonymous copies . abstracts should be limited to two pages with the font size not smaller than 11 . we cannot accept abstracts sent by email or fax . the presenters at the workshop will be partially subsidized for travel and accommodation . all submissions should be sent to : usc workshop organizing committee department of east asian languages and cultures univ . of southern california los angeles , ca 90089-0357 u . s . a . for further inquiries , please write to : hoji @ usc . edu , nkim @ usc . edu , audreyli @ usc . edu .
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2344,"Subject: evolution of language conference
 
 ( apologies for multiple postings ) * * * * * * * * the evolution of language * * * * * * * * 2nd international conference date : monday 6th - thursday 9th april , 1998 venue : city university , london organised by : prof . jean aitchison ( oxford university ) , prof . james hurford ( university of edinburgh ) and dr . chris knight ( university of east london ) a preliminary programme for this conference is now available . further details and a registration form can be obtained from : joan tremble uel business services duncan house high street london e15 2jb tel . 0181 2150705 fax : 0181 849 3619 email : j . tremble @ uel . ac . uk or from our website at : http : / / www . uel . ac . uk / faculties / socsci / anthro / confreg . htm preliminary programme monday 6th april 2pm - 6pm - plenary session 2pm opening remarks 2 . 10 jean aitchison ' language origins and ( psycho - ) linguistic theories ' 2 . 40 colin renfrew ' small talk , or why was the ` human revolution ' so impressive ' 3 . 10 mark pagel ' the history , rate and pattern of world linguistic evolution ' 3 . 40 tea / coffee break 4 . 10 terrence deacon ' constraints on brain-language co-evolution ' 4 . 40 derek bickerton ' protolanguage to language : the rest of the story ' 5 . 10 robert berwick ' evolution and language acquisition : from ` classical ' to ` modern ' models of evolutionary innovation ' 5 . 40 general discussion tuesday 7th april 9am - 1pm - parallel session room one 9am heidi lyn saffer & e . sue savage-rumbaugh ' observational word learning in bonobos ( pan paniscus ) ' 9 . 25 michael beran , e . sue savage-rumbaugh & karen brakke ' language comprehension in three chimpanzees ( pan troglodytes ) : effect of rearing on level of comprehension ' 9 . 50 robert worden ' words , memes and language evolution ' 10 . 15 paul bloom ' the evolution of words ' 10 . 40 tea / coffee break 11 . 05 william abler ' algebraic syntax ' 11 . 30 ezequiel di paolo ' spatio - temporal and structural constraints in the evolution of communication ' 11 . 55 angelo cangelosi & stevan harnad ' adaptive advantages of ` hearsay ' over direct sensorimotor experiences ' 12 . 20 general discussion tuesday 7th april 9am - 1pm - parallel session room two 9am peter macneilage & barbara davis ' evolution of speech : the relation between ontogeny and phylogeny ' 9 . 25 marilyn may vihman & rory de paolis ' the role of mimesis in infant language development : evidence for phylogeny ? ' 9 . 50 luc steels ' the origins of linguistic categories ' 10 . 15 tea / coffee break 10 . 40 john batali ' the negotiation and acquisition of recursive grammars as a result of competition among exemplars ' 11 . 05 simon kirby ' how compositionality emerges from vocabulary in a population of learners ' 11 . 30 james hurford ' syntax creation from randomness ' 11 . 55 ted briscoe ' how natural is natural language ? human languages as complex adaptive systems ' 12 . 20 general discussion tuesday 7th april 2pm - 5pm - parallel session room one 2pm dean falk ' proto - music and proto-language in australopithecines and beyond ' 2 . 25 james steele ' right - shifted handedness frequencies : a marker of selection for proto-language abilities ? ' 2 . 50 tim crow ' did homo sapiens speciate ( and language originate ) on the y chromosome ? ' 3 . 15 tea / coffee break 3 . 40 myrna gopnik ' language evolution = rules and representations ' 4 . 05 heather k . j . van der lely ' evidence for a grammar specific deficit in children : implications for the biological evolution of language ' 4 . 30 general discussion 5 . 00 poster presentations tuesday 7th april 2pm - 5pm - parallel session room two 2pm peter gardenfors & simon winter ' evolving social constraints on individual conceptual relations ' 2 . 25 alison wray ' holistic utterances : the common link from primates to humans ' 2 . 50 tea / coffee break 3 . 15 jason noble ' the evolution of communication with and without conflicts of interest ; an argument for modelling proto-proto - language ' 3 . 40 edward kako ' reconstructing proto-language from the capacities of language-trained animals ' 4 . 05 gwen hewitt & ann maclarnon ' respiratory adaptations : protolanguage and fission-fusion groups ' 4 . 30 general discussion 5 . 00 poster presentations wednesday 8th april 9am - 1pm - parallel session room one 9am steven mithen ' thought , language and the manufacture of hand-axes ' 9 . 25 alexander marshack ' coevolution of the language and visual capacities : the archaeological and cognitive evidence ' 9 . 50 daniel dor , eva jablonka , shimona ginzberg & geva rechav ' linguistic meaning , linguistic sound , and the mechanism of genetic assimilation : towards an explicit model of the evolution of language ' 10 . 15 tea / coffee break 10 . 40 paul vogt ' the evolution of a lexicon and meaning in robotic agents through self-organizing adaptation ' 11 . 05 mike oliphant ' rethinking the language bottleneck : why do n't animals learn to communicate ? ' 11 . 30 geoffrey miller & peter todd ' evolution of vocabulary size through runaway sexual selection : theory , data and simulations ' 11 . 55 john locke ' rank , reciprocity and relationships in the evolution of language ' 12 . 20 general discussion wednesday 8th april 9am - 1pm - parallel session room two 9am jeffrey laitman , samuel marquez & joy reidenberg ' new insights from neanderthal craniofacial biology and implications for understanding their vocal abilities and speech ' 9 . 25 philip lieberman ' on the functional language system of the human brain ' 9 . 50 lynne schepartz ' the evolution of complex language from a darwinian perspective ' 10 . 15 ian maddieson ' vowel systems and language origin ' 10 . 40 tea / coffee break 11 . 05 michael studdert-kennedy ' implications of the particulate principle for the evolution of language ' 11 . 30 tecumseh fitch ' vocal tract anatomy , formants and the evolution of speech ' 11 . 55 rene carre ' the origin of speech gestures ' 12 . 20 general discussion wednesday 8th april 2pm - 5pm - parallel session room one 2pm jean louis dessalles ' linguistic relevance in hominidae politics 2 . 25 robert kluender ' getting from there to here : the intermediating role of ritual in the evolution of language ' 2 . 50 chris knight ' ritual and the evolution of syntactical speech ' 3 . 15 tea / coffee break 3 . 40 robin dunbar ' the freerider problem and the evolution of language ' 4 . 05 camilla power ' secret language in contexts of female initiation ritual ' 4 . 30 general discussion 5 . 00 poster presentations wednesday 8th april 2pm - 5pm - parallel session room two 2pm april mcmahon ' the evolution of phonological constraints ' 2 . 25 jan anward & bjorn lindblom ' morphogenesis : the systemic growth of linguistic form ' 2 . 50 tea / coffee break 3 . 15 andrew carstairs-mccarthy ' the distinction between sentences and noun phrases : an impediment to language evolution ? ' 3 . 40 bart de boer ' emergence of sound systems through self-organisation ' 4 . 05 daniel livingstone & colin fyfe ' a computational model of language-physiology coevolution ' 4 . 30 ann maclarnon & gwen hewitt ' protolanguage to language : evidence from the evolution of breathing control ' 5 . 00 general discussion thursday 9th april 9am - 1pm - plenary session 9am frederick newmeyer ' on the reconstruction of ' proto-world ' word order ' 9 . 30 david lightfoot ' the maladaptiveness of universal grammar ' 10 . 00 michael fortescue ' linguistic bottlenecks and early population movements ' 10 . 30 tea / coffee break 11 . 00 robbins burling ' comprehension and production in early language ' 11 . 30 luca cavalli-sforza ' a view of the relationships between genetics and linguistics ' 12 . 00 general discussion 12 . 30 concluding remarks ( the organisers reserve the right to make changes to the programme at any time )
",0
2345,"Subject: granada workshop
 
 adapting lexical and corpus resources to sublanguages and applications a workshop to be held at the first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 26 may 1998 the workshop will provide a forum for those researchers involved in the development of methods to integrate corpora and mrds , with the aim of adding adaptive capabilities to existing linguistic resources . organisers : roberto basili ( university of roma "" tor vergata "" ) , roberta catizone ( university of sheffield ) , maria teresa pazienza ( university of roma "" tor vergata "" ) , paola velardi ( university of roma "" la sapienza ) , yorick wilks ( university of sheffield ) workshop scope and aims lexicons , i . e . , those components of a nlp system that contain "" computable "" information about words , cannot be considered as static objects . words may behave very differently in different domains , and there are language phenomena that do not generalize across sublanguages . lexicons are a snapshot of a given stage of development of a language , normally provided without support for adaptation changes , whether caused by language creativity and development or the shift to such a previously unencountered domain . the divergence of corpus usages from lexical norms has been studied computationally at least since the late sixties , but only recently has the availability of large on-line corpora made it possible to establish methods to cope systematically with this problem . an emerging branch of research is now involved in studies and experiments on corpus-driven linguistics , with the aim of complementing and extending earlier work on lexicon acquisition based on machine readable dictionaries ( mrd ) : data are extracted from texts , as embodiments of language in use , so as to capture lexical regularities and to code them into operational forms . the purpose of this workshop will be to provide an updated snapshot of current work in the area , and promote discussion of how to make progress . central topics will be ( though this list is in no way exclusive ) : * corpus-driven tuning of mrds to optimize domain-specific inferences , * terminology and jargon acquisition , * sense extensions , * acquisition of preference or subcategorization information from corpora * taxonomy adaptation , * statistical weighting of senses etc . to domains * use of mrds to provide explanations of linguistic phenomena in corpora * what is the scope of "" lexical tuning "" * the evaluation of lexical tuning as a separate task , or as part of a more generic task program committee yorick wilks university of sheffield roberta catizone university of sheffield paola velardi university of roma "" la sapienza "" maria teresa pazienza university of roma "" tor vergata "" roberto basili university of roma "" tor vergata "" bran boguraev brandeis university sergei nirenburg new mexico state university james pustejowsky brandeis university ralph grishman new york university christiane fellbaum princeton university paper submission formatting guidelines : papers should not exceed 4000 words or 10 pages . hard copies : three hard copies should be sent to : paola velardi dipartimento di scienza dell ' informazione via salaria 113 00198 roma italy electronic submission : electronic submission will be allowed in poscript or word per mac or rtf . an ftp site will be available on demand . authors should send an info email to paola velardi ( velardi @ dsi . uniroma1 . it ) even if they submit in paper form . an electronic submission should be accompanied by a plain ascii text . # name : name of first author # title : title of the paper # pages : number of pages # files : name of file ( if also submitted electronically ) # note : anything you 'd like to add # keys : keywords # email : email of the first author # abstr : abstract of the paper # . . . . . . important dates paper submission deadline ( hard copy / electronic ) february 20 paper notification march 20 camera - ready papers due april 15 l&ct workshop may 26 conference information general information about the conference is at : < http : / / www . icp . inpg . fr / elra / conflre . html > specific queries about the conference should be directed to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain tel : + 34 58 24 41 00 - fax : + 34 58 24 41 04 reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es
",0
2346,"Subject: colloquium henry sweet society
 
 the henry sweet society for the history of linguistic ideas amsterdam colloquium , 16 - 19 september , 1998 first circular and final call for papers the first of the annual colloquia for the henry sweet colloquium henry sweet society for the history of linguistic ideas to be held abroad is to take place in amsterdam in 1998 . location : we are pleased to announce that our planning is up and running and that arrangements have been made for the colloquium lectures as well as the associated meals and receptions to take place in the centre of amsterdam . costs : the cost of the colloquium , including meals , a conference dinner and receptions , but excluding accommodation , will be of the order of nlg 380 ( qgbp 130 ) . accommodation : amsterdam is a major city with hotel prices to match so , in order to keep costs within bounds , we have booked a number of rooms at the casa 400 hotel at nlg 132 ( qgbp 45 ) bed and breakfast per person per night . shared occupancy is available at the rate of nlg 176 ( qgbp 80 ) per room . the casa 400 is an unpretentious hotel some 20 minutes from the centre using public transport . if asked , we will provide information for those who wish to book their hotels independently . second circular : the second circular will be sent out around april 1998 and will carry a provisional programme and fuller details of arrangements for the colloquium . meanwhile it would be very helpful if you could fill in and return the following slip ( or send an emended e-mail reply ) to the address below , or to any one of the organising committee : els elffers - van ketel . jaap maat , jan noordegraaf , els ruijsendaal , robin smith . last call for papers : those who wish to present a paper at the colloquium are reminded that the deadline for abstracts is 5 february , 1998 . your 300 - word abstract for a 20 minute paper on any aspect of the history of linguistics should be sent to dr robin smith vakgroep engels rijksuniversiteit leiden postbus 9515 2300 ra leiden the netherlands tel : 071 5272151 ; fax : 071 5272149 e-mail : rdsmith @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl on behalf of the organisers , all best wishes , name ( title ) : address : e-mail : fax : _ _ hopes to read a paper _ _ hopes to attend the colloquium _ _ intends to stay at the conference hotel _ _ will make his or her own accommodation arrangements
",0
2347,"Subject: mla ' 98 ( applied linguistics division )
 
 call for papers modern language association 1998 convention division on applied linguistics san francisco , california 27-30 december 1998 the division on applied linguistics is sponsoring three separate sessions . session 1 : second language fluency : definitions and issues while reference to "" l2 fluency "" is common , informed discussion about its definition , measurement and acquisition is rare . this session explores both theoretical issues and research on l2 fluency in speech , reading or writing . session 2 : technology in second language learning : what does research tell us ? this session explores the consequences of using computer technology in language instruction . papers should report on original research or make connections between research , theory , and teaching practice . session 3 : emotion and language : implications for language learning this session presents recent research on the relationship between affect and language learning . papers should report on original research or make connections between research , theory , and teaching practice . one - page blind abstracts accompanied by a card with the presenter 's name , address , telephone number , fax number , and e-mail address should be sent to : richard kern dept . of french university of california , berkeley berkeley , ca 94720-2580 fax ( 510 ) 642-2194 e-mail : kernrg @ uclink . berkeley . edu deadline for receipt of abstracts : march 2 , 1998 faxed and e-mail submissions will be accepted but should be followed up by a hard-copy submission .
",0
2348,"Subject: rmmla / ads
 
 * * * * * * * * papers solicited for the 1998 rmmla conference * * * * * * * * * conjoint meeting : american dialect society : session chair , simonie hodges georgetown university 2525 farmcrest dr . # 328 herndon , va 20171 usa this session showcases papers on various aspects of american dialects . examples of previous paper topics include : dialects of utah , the use of formal and informal pronouns "" you "" in spanish speaking cities , jamaican english in historical plays , and sweet carbonated beverage isoglosses in the u . s . we hope that you will propose a paper for the 1998 rmmla ( rocky mountain modern language association ) conference in salt lake city . please address your proposal to the chair of the appropriate session . proposals based on a 300 - word abstract are due to the session chair no later than 15 february 1998 . these proposals must be sent on paper and on 3 . 5 "" disk ( preferably ibm - compatible format ) . if you would like the disk returned to you , please enclose a stamped , self - addressed envelope . you will be notified of the chair 's decision by 15 march 1998 . complete versions of accepted papers are due to the chair by 15 august ( paper and disk copy ) . visit the rmmla website at rmmla . wsu . edu / rmmla / callforpapers / call973 . asp for more details on the other topics at the conference . - guidelines for papers and presenters at the rmmla conference - - we would appreciate your following a few rmmla rules regarding papers presented at our conference . rmmla is an organization for its members . you must be a member in good standing to present a paper . your membership must be current by 1 april 1998 to have your name appear in the program . you may not read papers in more than one session . it is courteous to notify the chair if you submit to more than one session . if you have two papers accepted , please decide which you will give , and notify both chairs , as well as the rmmla secretariat . if we discover the duplication and are not able to reach you , we will have to choose for you . members who propose papers are expected to attend the convention to read at the scheduled time . no more than two members of the same institution may appear on any panel . no one 's name may appear on the program more than twice ( i . e . as a chair and a presenter ; appearance as a secretary is not considered ) . please notify the chair and the rmmla secretariat immediately if you find you are unable to present . it is the policy of the rmmla not to have papers read in absentia . ( nb : rmmla due dates represent dates for receipt . please allow adequate time when mailing overseas or to distant addresses . ) proposals for papers for the 1998 convention are due to the chairs no later than 15 february 1998 , because chairs must have the program copy for their sessions in the hands of the executive director by 1 march 1998 . this timeline is critical for setting and finalizing the program . thank you in advance for your cooperation .
",0
2349,"Subject: east asian syntax workshop : revised
 
 usc workshop on syntax of east asian languages november 6 - 8 , 1998 this workshop is an attempt to intergrate the diachronic and synchronic study of chinese , japanese and korean syntax , concentrating on the issues of the structures and interpretations of nominal expressions and the syntax and morphology of function words . the list of invited speakers currently includes : james huang ( university of california , irvine ) yafei li ( university of wisconsin ) tsulin mei ( cornell university ) alain peyraube ( crlao , ehess ) naoki fukui ( university of california , irvine ) satoshi kinsui ( kobe university and osaka university ) s . - y . kuroda ( tohoku university ) yukinori takubo ( kyusyu university ) hee - don ahn ( kon kuk university ) william o'grady ( university of hawaii ) james yoon ( seoul national university , university of illinois ) there is a limited number of open slots available and we invite the submission of abstracts . each presentation will be 40 minutes , followed by 15 minutes of discussion . it is planned that the proceedings of the workshop will be published . please send to the organizing committee no later than june 1 , 1998 one copy of your abstract with your name and affliliation , plus five anonymous copies . abstracts should be limited to two pages with the font size not smaller than 11 . we cannot accept abstracts sent by email or fax . the presenters at the workshop will be partially subsidized for travel and accommodation . all submissions should be sent to : usc workshop organizing committee department of east asian languages and cultures university of southern california los angeles , ca 90089-0357 usa for further inquiries , please write to : hoji @ usc . edu , nkim @ usc . edu , audreyli @ usc . edu .
",0
2350,"Subject: comparative slavic morphosyntax
 
 greetings ! two new position papers have been posted to the www page for the comparative slavic morphosyntax www page ( url below ) : leonard h . babby , "" voice and diathesis in slavic "" ; steven franks , "" clitics in slavic "" . one paper remains to be posted ; we expect to have it up within the week . to mark the posting of these new position papers , we enclose below a second call for papers . 2nd call for papers indiana university invites you to submit abstracts to a workshop ( funded by the u . s . department of education ) on comparative slavic morphosyntax the workshop will be held at canyon inn , in mccormick 's creek state park , spencer , indiana ( near bloomington ) on friday - sunday 5 - 7 june 1998 . papers are solicited in response to five invited "" position papers "" : leonard babby : "" voice and diathesis in slavic "" zeljko boskovic : "" wh - phrases and wh-movement in slavic "" greville corbett : "" agreement in slavic "" steven franks : "" clitics in slavic "" gilbert rappaport : "" noun phrases in slavic "" ( not yet posted to www page ) these position papers are intended to summarize the variation in data across the slavic languages , define the "" state of the art "" in existing analysis for each area , communicate innovations and on-going research , and identify an agenda for future investigation . as such , they are meant to serve as springboards for discussion , rebuttal , response , and debate . this call for papers solicits responses in two categories : 10 minute presentations ( + 5 minute discussion ) or 20 minutes ( + 10 minute discussion ) . you may respond to one or several position papers , but must submit an advance abstract for each response ; there is no set limit on the number of responses which may be accepted from any one individual . the position papers can be downloaded via the internet in platform-independent . pdf and . ps formats from : < http : / / www . indiana . edu / ~ slavconf / linguistics / index . html > if you cannot download or use electronic versions of the position papers , you may request a printed copy of any of the papers from the address below . however , however , in view of our limited budget and staff resources , we urge you to utilize the electronic versions if possible ( please use adobe acrobat reader 3 . 0 . x , which may be downloaded free of charge from < http : / / www . adobe . com / > ) . proposals for reponses may be submitted to the address below . abstracts should be no more than one page , including examples and references . include your name and affiliation directly on the abstract , and please attach a card with your name , address , e-mail , phone , title , and position paper to which you are responding . also , please send 4 copies and indicate the length category for your response . we will also accept submissions via email to < slavconf @ indiana . edu > or fax ( to 1-812 - 855-2107 ) . paper submission is preferable , however , as these abstracts will be used as camera-ready copy in making the abstract book for the workshop . deadline for receipt of abstracts : 24 april 1998 a volume of proceedings will be published by slavica publishers . all requests for information , inquiries about position papers , and abstracts should be sent to : george fowler [ email ] gfowler @ indiana . edu dept . of slavic languages [ dept . tel . ] 1-812 - 855-9906 / - 2608 / - 2624 ballantine 502 [ dept . fax ] 1-812 - 855-2107 indiana university [ home phone / fax ] 1-317 - 726-1482 / - 1642 bloomington , in 47405-6616 usa [ slavica phone / fax ] 1-812 - 856-4186 / - 4187
",0
2351,"Subject: icoll conference - - texas a&m university
 
 "" negotiating boundaries "" 18 & 19 september 1998 texas a&m university call for papers the english graduate student association of texas a&m university announces its interdisciplinary conference on language and literature . you are invited to submit creative writing and abstracts ( 500 words ) addressing any aspect of the conference 's theme , "" negotiating boundaries . "" panel proposals are also encouraged and should include the panel 's title , participants ' names , and abstracts . all approaches in the humanities are welcome . possible topics might include but are certainly not limited to : * negotiating boundaries of region , race , class , gender , and / or sexuality * writing from the margin ; writing from the center * passing - - race and / or gender * cross - dressing * fin - de-siecle literature and culture ( any century ) * constructions of "" high , "" "" middlebrow , "" and "" low "" culture * negotiating boundaries in the visual and performing arts * literary genres ( the novel , poetry , auto / biography , etc . ) * mixing literary genres / writing about literary genres * constructing authorial identities * children 's literature * creative writing submissions * negotiating boundaries between academic disciplines * literary , theoretical , historical , sociological , anthropological , * philosophical , and / or psychological perspectives on negotiating boundaries the following topics are being sponsored by the discourse - oriented student society ( doss ) of texas a&m . if your submission relates to any of these topics , please write "" doss "" on your abstract or panel proposal . * graduate student / teacher - - negotiating boundaries in academia and in the classroom * boundaries in functional linguistics and discourse analysis * interstices in classical and modern rhetoric * boundaries within technical writing conference date and location : 18-19 september 1998 texas a&m university deadline for submissions : postmarked by friday , 29 may 1998 please address submissions to : claire carly dept . of english texas a&m university college station , tx 77843-4227 for more information , please contact claire carly at : cic1692 @ unix . tamu . edu or visit our website at : http : / / www-english . tamu . edu / egsa / icoll /
",0
2352,"Subject: workshop on embodied conversational characters
 
 the first workshop on embodied conversational characters granlibakken resort & conference center at lake tahoe tahoe city ( north shore ) california , usa october 12-15 , 1998 with the support of aaai cooperation of acm / sigchi call for papers recent advances in several core software technologies have made possible a new type of human-computer interface : the conversational character . conversational characters are autonomous , anthropomorphic , animated figures that have the ability to communicate through multiple modalities , including spoken language , facial expressions , and gestures . unlike textual natural language interfaces , conversational characters have the ability to perceive and produce the verbal and non-verbal signals that identify discourse structure and regulate the flow of information between interlocutors . such signals include intonational patterns , gestures , back-channel feedback signals , and turn-taking protocols . these capabilities enable them to engage in complex interactions with human users via natural speech rather than complex command languages , menus or graphical manipulations . research on conversational characters has emerged from a number of disciplines , including , among others , artificial intelligence , computational linguistics , computer animation , computer vision , psychology , cognitive science , virtual reality , cscw , and hci . this diversity is naturally reflected in the broad range of active research areas in conversational character interfaces . the primary goal of this workshop is to advance the state of conversational character research and development by identifying novel approaches to the topics and issues listed below , and integrating them into a framework for embodied , conversational human-computer interaction . selected contributors will be invited to expand and refine their papers for inclusion in a book to be published by addison - wesley . the aims of this book will be to introduce , define , and advance the field ; to give a snapshot of current work in it ; and to suggest future challenges and opportunities . particular topics of interest include , but are not limited to : * multi - modal interaction * autonomy * recognition & perception of speech , * behavior / dialogue planning gesture , facial expressions , etc . * distribution of semantic information * reactivity and opportunism across multiple modalities * rendering techniques * representation * semantic representations for * character individuation non-verbal communication * dialogue planning * affect and personality * turn - taking and back-channel signals * user studies * spoken language processing * tools for character * discourse structure building / authoring * intonation * architectures & applications papers should address one or more of these topics . demonstrations and video presentations of working systems are strongly encouraged . format the two and a half-day workshop will include several paper sessions , organized around emerging themes , with follow-up panel discussions . in addition , there will be a demonstration session for authors to present working systems . attendance attendance will be limited to 35-40 people . preference will be given to authors whose papers have been selected for presentation at the workshop . submission requirements paper submissions are due on june 15 , 1998 , and should be no longer than 6 pages ( 10-12 point font ) . upon acceptance , authors will be given the opportunity to expand their papers to 8-10 pages . electronic submissions in postscript or microsoft word formats are preferred , and should be sent to prevost @ pal . xerox . com . otherwise , send four hardcopies to : scott prevost attn : embodied conversational characters workshop fx palo alto laboratory 3400 hillview avenue , bldg . 4 palo alto , ca 94304 voice : 650 / 813-7701 deadlines submissions due june 15th notification of acceptance august 17th final papers due september 14th workshop october 12th - 15th workshop organizers joseph w . sullivan , fx palo alto lab , usa ( sullivan @ pal . xerox . com ) justine cassell , mit media laboratory , usa ( justine @ media . mit . edu ) workshop program committee committee co - chairs : scott prevost , fx palo alto lab , usa ( prevost @ pal . xerox . com ) elizabeth churchill , fx palo alto lab , usa ( churchill @ pal . xerox . com ) committee members : elisabeth andre , dfki gmbh , germany ( elisabeth . andre @ dfki . de ) gene ball , microsoft research , usa ( geneb @ microsoft . com ) phil cohen , oregon graduate institute , usa ( pcohen @ cse . ogi . edu ) barbara hayes - roth , stanford univ . , usa ( hayes-roth @ cs . stanford . edu ) kenji mase , atr international , japan ( mase @ mic . atr . co . jp ) clifford nass , stanford university , usa ( nass @ leland . stanford . edu ) mark steedman , university of pennsylvania , usa ( steedman @ cis . upenn . edu ) kris thorisson , lego a / s , denmark ( kris @ digi . lego . com ) demos chair : timothy bickmore , isii inc . , usa ( bickmore @ pal . xerox . com ) additional information for more information , please consult the workshop web page : www . fxpal . com / wecc98 /
",0
2353,"Subject: lrec workshop
 
 call for participation a workshop on minimizing the effort for language resource acquisition granada , spain , 26 may , 1998 in conjunction with the first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 28-30 , may 1998 an applied nlp system must produce adequate results and must be made deployable within reasonable time . gathering and acquiring language resources to build an application system is very time-consuming , and it is imperative to find ways of speeding up acquisition of high quality , useful static knowledge sources such as a variety of grammars , lexicons , corpora , etc . viability of avoiding masive resource acquisition , if possible , must also be carefully considered . resource acquisition should include methods , based both on sound theoretical principles and practical experience , of deciding , among other things , on the amount of knowledge one * really * needs for a given application . increasing the size of knowledge sources or their number and variety does not necessarily lead to a commensurate improvement of output quality in an application , though a correlation between the two certainly exists , but it definitely needs to much increased costs . no matter how large the acquired resources are and how many of them have been acquired , there will always remain a residue of language processing problems which can be tackled only by foregoing the requirement of full automation and involving expensive semi-automatic or even manual acquisition . it becomes imperative , therefore , to assess when the static knowledge source acquisition is no longer profitable . thus , in a system for interactive authoring and automatic generation of patent claim texts , the lexical knowledge base can be restricted to a lexicon of domain-related verbs marked for subcategorization ( as the nominals are provided interactively by the author ) . the proposed workshop will be devoted to any technological and administrative facet of economy of acquisition effort . the technological issues to be discussed at the conference include , but are not limited to : - minimization of effort in acquiring monolingual and multilingual text corpora ; - minimization of effort in acquiring computational lexicons , including phonological , morphological , syntactic , semantic and other ( including application-specific ) information ; - minimization of effort in acquisition of resources for the support of corpus-based language engineering methods ; - minimization of effort in acquiring grammatical coverage of languages and sublanguages ; - methods of determining levels of reusability of existing language resources ; - balancing the needs of the application and the grain size of language description ; - minimization of effort through balancing automatic and interactive methods of knowledge acquisition ; - evaluation of potential utility of resources to applications ; we particularly encourage reports about actual practical large-scale resource acquisition efforts in which economy of effort has been a conscious choice . organizing committee : svetlana sheremetyeva , nmsu crl , usa ( chair ) eduard hovy , usc isi , usa bernardo magnini , irst , italy sergei nirenburg , nmsu crl , usa victor raskin , purdue university , usa frederique segonde , xerox research centre europe , france leo wanner , university of stuttgart , germany submission of papers papers should not exceed 4000 words or 10 pages . presentations will be selected on the basis of a review of papers and project reports . submission mode each submission should include a title page containing the title , author ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , submitting author 's mailing address , telephone number , fax number and e-mail address . the authors may submit three hard copies or submit electronically in postscript form to : svetlana sheremetyeva computing research laboratory new mexico state university , usa box30001 / dept . 3crl / las cruces new mexico 88003-8001 lana @ crl . nmsu . edu receipt of submissions will be acknowledged . important dates thursday , february 19 , 1998 submissions due monday , march , 16 1998 acceptances and rejections friday , april 10 1998 final papers due tuesday , may 26 , 1998 workshop date registration for the workshop will be : 10 , 000 pesetas for those not attending lrec 5 , 000 pesetas for those attending lrec these fees will include a coffee break and the proceedings of the workshop . participation in the workshop will be limited by the venue . requests for participation will be processed on the first come first served basis .
",0
2354,"Subject: 6th workshop on very large corpora
 
 call for papers sixth workshop on very large corpora when : august 15-16 , 1998 ( immediately following acl / coling-98 ) where : university of montreal , montreal , quebec , canada workshop description : as in past years , the workshop will offer a general forum for new research in corpus-based and statistical natural language processing . areas of interest include ( but are not limited to ) : - robust parsing , phrase structure analysis - part of speech tagging - term and name identification - word sense disambiguation - morphological analysis - anaphora resolution - event categorization - discourse structure identification - alignment of parallel texts and bilingual terminology - language modelling - lexicography - machine translation - spelling and grammar correction program chair : eugene charniak brown university program committee : steven abney lillian lee eric brill christopher manning ted briscoe dan melamed rebecca bruce scott miller claire cardie raymond mooney bob carpenter james pustejovksy glen carroll lance ramshaw ken church adwait rathnaparkhi michael collins ellen riloff joshua goodman hinrich schutze vasilis hatzivassiloglou ralph weischedel mark johnson janyce wiebe andrew kehler dekai wu john lafferty david yarowsky sponsor : sigdat ( acl 's special interest group for linguistic data and corpus-based approaches to nlp ) web sites : coling-acl ' 98 - http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / format for submission : only hard-copy submissions will be accepted . authors should submit six ( 6 ) copies of their full-length paper ( 3500-8000 words ) to eugene charniak at the johns hopkins university address below . papers should describe original work . a paper accepted for presentation cannot be presented or have been presented at any other meeting . papers submitted to other conferences will be considered , as long as this fact is clearly indicated in the submission . schedule : submission deadline : april 20 , 1998 notification date : june 1 , 1998 camera ready copy due : june 22 , 1998 contact : eugene charniak e-mail ec @ cs . brown . edu address : before february 1 , 1998 and after june 1 , 1998 department of computer science brown university providence ri 02912-1910 address : from february 1 , 1998 until june 1 , 1998 department of computer science johns hopkins university neb 224 , 3400 n . charles street baltimore , md 21218-2694
",0
2355,"Subject: convergence / divergence of dialects
 
 european science foundation the convergence and divergence of dialects in a changing europe university of reading , 17-19 september , 1998 a reminder : closing dates for abstracts 16th march 1998 ! the final conference of the european science foundation network on the convergence and divergence of dialects in a changing europe will take place at the university of reading , england , on 17-19 september , 1998 . it will include invited lectures by gaetano berruto ( turin ) , william labov ( pennsylvania ) and peter trudgill ( lausanne ) , as well as lectures by members of the network . papers for this event are welcome from everyone working in the area of dialect convergence and divergence in europe , both from a diachronic and a synchronic perspective , using qualitative or quantitative methodology . contributions on the smaller languages of europe are particularly welcome , as are papers on syntax , prosody and discourse . for further details , see previous postings or see the following website : http : / / www . linguistics . reading . ac . uk / research / seminars / dialect / - or email paul kerswill on p . e . kerswill @ reading . ac . uk .
",0
2356,"Subject: kansas working papers in linguistics
 
 call for papers kansas working papers in linguistics number 1 : general linguistics number 2 : studies in native american languages deadline : march 30 , 1998 ( deadline may be negotiable ) the editors of kansas working papers in linguistics will produce two numbers of volume 23 , for 1998 . we welcome submissions of papers on all topics in the field of linguistics and closely-related disciplines for number 1 . papers dealing with native lang uages of the americas will be selected for number 2 . since we are a working paper , publication in kwpl does not preclude later publication elsewhere of revised versions of papers . submissions should be in good readable form ( double or 1 . 5 spaced ) , not n ecessarily final copies . if possible , please include a copy of the paper on a mac - formatted disk , in microsoft word 5 . 1 ( or earlier ) , with copies of fonts of symbols used . student papers are encouraged . please include name , address , email address ( if possible ) when sending correspondence . please send papers or inquiries to this address : editors , kwpl linguistics department 427 blake hall lawrence , ks e-mail : lgsa @ kuhub . cc . ukans . edu
",0
2357,"Subject: bu conf . on lang . dev .
 
 the 23nd annual boston university conference on language development call for papers november 6 , 7 and 8 , 1998 keynote speaker : peter jusczyk , johns hopkins university plenary speaker : jane grimshaw , rutgers university * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * first and second language acquisition all topics in the field of language acquisition will be fully considered , including : bilingualism literacy & narrative cognition & language neurolinguistics creoles & pidgins pragmatics discourse pre - linguistic development exceptional language signed languages input &interaction sociolinguistics language disorders speech perception & production linguistic theory ( syntax , semantics , phonology , morphology , lexicon ) abstracts submitted must represent original , unpublished research . presentations will be 20 minutes long , plus 10 minutes for questions . please submit : 1 ) six copies of an anonymous , clearly titled 450 - word summary for review ; 2 ) one copy of a 150 - word abstract for use in the conference program book if your abstract is accepted . if your paper is accepted , this abstract will be scanned into the conference handbook . no changes in title or authors will be possible after acceptance . 3 ) for each author , one copy of the information form printed at the bottom of this sheet . please include a self-addressed , stamped postcard for acknowledgment of receipt . notice of acceptance or rejection will be sent by early august . pre - registration materials and preliminary schedule will be available in late august , 1998 . all authors who present papers at the conference will be invited to contribute their papers to the proceedings volumes . those papers will be due in january , 1999 . note : all conference papers will be selected on the basis of abstracts submitted . although each abstract will be evaluated individually , we will attempt to honor requests to schedule accepted papers together in group sessions . deadline : all submissions must be received by may 15 , 1998 . send submissions to : boston university conference on language development 704 commonwealth ave . , suite 101 boston , ma 02215 u . s . a . telephone : ( 617 ) 353-3085 e-mail : langconf @ louis-xiv . bu . edu ( we regret that we cannot accept abstract submissions by fax or e-mail . ) information regarding the conference may be accessed at http : / / web . bu . edu / linguistics / applied / conference . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * author information form ( fill out one form completely for each author ) title : topic area : audiovisual requests : full name : affiliation : current address : summer address if different , and dates : current email : summer email : current phone number : summer phone if different : * to accommodate as many papers as possible , we reserve the right to limit each submitter to one first authorship and if circumstances warrant , to limit each submitter to two papers in any authorship status . * please indicate whether , if your paper is not one of the 90 initially selected for presentation , you would be willing to be considered as an alternate . ( if you indicate that you are willing to be considered , this does not commit you to accepting alternate status if it should be offered to you . ) _ _ _ _ _ yes , consider me as an alternate if necessary _ _ _ _ _ no , please do not consider me as an alternate please indicate how you received the 1998 call for papers : _ _ _ _ email / electronic _ _ _ _ surface mail _ _ _ _ word of mouth please indicate how you wish to receive the 1999 call for papers : _ _ _ _ email / electronic _ _ _ surface mail _ _ _ _ both
",0
2358,"Subject: 5th wollic ' 98 - 3rd call
 
 third call for contributions 5th workshop on logic , language , information and computation ( wollic ' 98 ) july 28-31 , 1998 ( tutorial day : july 28th ) ime-usp , sao paulo , brazil the "" 5th workshop on logic , language , information and computation "" ( wollic ' 98 ) , the fifth version of a series of workshops which started in 1994 with the aim of fostering interdisciplinary research in pure and applied logic , will be held in sao paulo , brazil , from july 28th to 31st 1998 . contributions are invited in the form of short papers ( 6 10pt pages or 1800 words ) in all areas related to logic , language , information and computation , including : pure logical systems , proof theory , model theory , algebraic logic , type theory , category theory , constructive mathematics , lambda and combinatorial calculi , program logic and program semantics , logics and models of concurrency , logic and complexity theory , nonclassical logics , nonmonotonic logic , logic and language , discourse representation , logic and artificial intelligence , automated deduction , foundations of logic programming , logic and computation , and logic engineering . the 5th wollic ' 98 has the scientific sponsorship of the interest group in pure and applied logics ( igpl ) , the european association for logic , language and information ( folli ) , the association for symbolic logic ( asl ) , the sociedade brasileira de computacao ( sbc ) , and the sociedade brasileira de logica ( sbl ) . there will be a number of guest speakers , including : sergei artemov ( moscow state univ , russia ) ( confirmed ) , sam buss ( univ calif san diego , us ) ( confirmed ) , edmund clarke ( carnegie - mellon univ , us ) ( confirmed ) , heinz dieter ebbinghaus ( universitaet freiburg , germany ) ( confirmed ) , michael fourman ( edinburgh univ , uk ) ( confirmed ) , dov gabbay ( imperial coll , uk ) ( * ) , ehud hrushovski ( hebrew univ jerusalem , israel ) ( * ) , hans kamp ( stuttgart univ , germany ) ( confirmed ) , phokion kolaitis ( univ calif santa cruz , us ) ( * ) , valeria de paiva ( birmingham univ , uk ) ( confirmed ) , maarten de rijke ( amsterdam univ , the netherlands ) ( confirmed ) , giovanni sambin ( padoa univ , italy ) ( confirmed ) . ( * ) to be confirmed submission : papers ( sent preferably in latex format by e-mail to * * wollic @ ime . usp . br * * , or in 5 ( five ) copies to postal address ) must be received by april 3rd , 1998 by one of the co - chairs of the organising committee . papers must be written in english and give enough detail to allow the programme committee to assess the merits of the work . papers should start with a brief statement of the issues , a summary of the main results , and a statement of their significance and relevance to the workshop . references and comparisons with related work is also expected . technical development directed to the specialist should follow . results must be unpublished and not submitted for publication elsewhere , including the proceedings of other symposia or workshops . one author of each accepted paper will be expected to attend the conference in order to present it . authors will be notified of acceptance by may 15th , 1998 . the abstracts of the papers will be published in a "" conference report "" section of the logic journal of the igpl ( issn 1367-0751 ) ( oxford univ press ) as part of the meeting report . papers presented at the meeting will be invited for submission ( in full version ) to the logic journal of the igpl ( http : / / www . oup . co . uk / jnls / igpl / ) . the wollic ' 98 is hosted by universidade de sao paulo ( usp ) , and will take place at the mathematics and statistics institute ( ime ) . programme committee : andreas blass ( michigan univ , usa ) , itala d ' ottaviano ( univ campinas , br ) , j . michael dunn ( indiana univ , usa ) , wilfrid hodges ( queen mary coll , uk ) , francisco miraglia ( univ sao paulo , br ) , luiz carlos pereira ( cathol univ rio , br ) , andrew pitts ( cambridge univ , uk ) , amir pnueli ( weizmann inst , israel ) . organising committee : l . s . c . baptista ( ufpe / ufpb ) , m . finger ( usp ) , e . hermann haeusler ( puc - rio ) , a . c . v . de melo ( usp ) , a . g . de oliveira ( ufba / ufpe ) , r . de queiroz ( ufpe ) , f . c . da silva ( usp ) . for further information , contact the co - chairs of the organising committee : ruy de queiroz , departamento de informatica , univ . federal de pernambuco , cp 7851 , 50732-970 recife , pe , brazil , e-mail : ruy @ di . ufpe . br , tel . : ( + 55 81 ) 271 8430 , fax : ( + 55 81 ) 271 8438 . marcelo finger , departamento de ciencia da computacao , instituto de matematica e estatistica , universidade de sao paulo , rua do matao 1010 , 05508-900 sao paulo , sp , brazil , e-mail : mfinger @ ime . usp . br , tel . : ( + 55 11 ) 818 6287 , fax : ( + 55 11 ) 818 6134 . web page : http : / / www . ime . usp . br / ~ wollic
",0
2359,"Subject: coling - acl ' 98 ( deadline extension )
 
 deadline has been extended ! in response to concerns about the short time span between the final cfp issued a few days ago and the original submis - sion deadline , it has been decided to extend the deadline by 3 weeks . please see the revised timetable below . ( final ) call for papers coling - acl ' 98 workshop "" discourse relations and discourse markers "" august 15 , 1998 universiti de montrial montrial / canada ( see also : http : / / flp . cs . tu-berlin . de / ~ marker / aclcolingws . html ) timetable : deadline for electronic submissions : april 6 , 1998 deadline for hardcopy submissions : april 9 ( arrival date ) notification of acceptance : may 25 , 1998 final manuscripts due : june 15 , 1998 for other details , see linguist list 9 . 326
",0
2360,"Subject: computers and the humanities
 
 computers and the humanities for over thirty years , computers and the humanities ( chum ) has been the premier international journal for publications on language , text , and humanities-related research . starting with the publication of volume 31 , chum is taking on a new look , with a new cover and format , together with a new editorial staff representing areas across the variety of disciplines covered by the journal . in addition to continuing to publish top-quality articles covering all kinds of textual analysis , corpus studies , and language and literary analysis , we are actively seeking to extend our scope to cover the full range of materials which are available for research in humanities disciplines , including images , sound , speech data , etc . we invite the submission of high-quality articles describing research concerning the creation , representation , and maintenance of text resources and other media , as well as descriptions of methodologies and results of research using such materials , including statistical and symbolic methods , strategies for information storage and retrieval , etc . in keeping with chum 's long tradition of fostering inter-disiplinary work , we also encourage submission of articles involving multi-lingual and / or multi-modal applications and research . we extend a special invitation for articles which survey the current state-of - the-art in any relevant area . such articles should provide an overview of past and recent work , an assessment of the current achievements and directions for future research , and a full bibliography which may serve as a reference for those interested in the field . for a recent example , see "" current approaches to punctuation in computational linguistics "" , b . say and v . akman , chum 30 : 6 ( 1996 ) . in addition to publishing full-length research articles , chum also publishes a section on reports and discussion , which includes shorter articles reporting on projects , intermediate results , or discussing relevant issues . contributions to this section are also solicited . for information about computers and the humanities and article submission procedures , consult http : / / www . wkap . nl / computers and the humanities - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - editorial staff editors - in-chief : nancy ide , vassar college , usa daniel greenstein , king 's college , uk resource review editor : elli mylonas , brown university , usa board of commissioning editors : sheila anderson , university of essex , uk stephen arnold , glasgow university , uk r . h . baayen , max planck institute for psycholinguistics , the netherlands david t . barnard , university of regina , canada christian delcourt , universite de liege , belgium richard giordano , university of manchester , uk claus huitfeldt , university of bergen , norway judith l . klavans , columbia university , usa john lavagnino , brown university , usa kirk martinez , birkbeck college , uk mark olsen , university of chicago , usa philip resnik , university of maryland , usa julian richards , york university , uk laurent romary , centre de recherche en informatique de nancy , france dan tufis , romanian academy of sciences , romania syun tutiya , chiba university , japan john unsworth , university of virginia , usa ; ellen voorhees , national institute for standards and technology , usa
",0
2361,"Subject: tag + workshop
 
 tag + workshop - - preliminary announcement the fourth workshop on tree-adjoining grammars and related frameworks ( hence the + after tag ) will be held at the institute for research in cognitive science at the university of pennsylvania in august 1998 , from august 1 to august 3 . previous workshops were held at dagstuhl ( 1990 ) , upenn ( 1992 ) , and univ . paris 7 ( 1994 ) . papers on all aspects of tag ( linguistic , mathematical , computational , and applicational ) , as well as papers relating tags to other frameworks , are invited . as in the past there will be some invited talks on other grammar formalisms which have interesting relationships to tags ( for example , categorial grammars and hpsg ) . guidelines for abstracts : abstracts should be at most two pages ( exclusive of references ) , and should be submitted in ascii format , as a . ps file , or as self-contained latex file to jmacdoug @ central . cis . upenn . edu . ( if email is not available , please send the abstract to the address given below . ) please indicate on the abstract if you would prefer to give a short presentation ( 10 minutes ) or a long one ( 30 minutes ) . the abstract should contain your name , address , and email address . proceedings including extended versions ( 4 pages ) of accepted abstracts will be available at the workshop . deadline for submission for abstracts : april 15 notification of acceptance : may 15 deadline for submission of camera-ready extended abstract : july 6 workshop dates : august 1 to august 3 if you do not want to submit an abstract , but would like to attend , we would appreciate it if you could inform us by email by july 6 ( unless you have already done so ) . if you would like to present a demo , please let us know as soon as possible , including information about required hard and software . contact address : jennifer macdougall 553 moore building university of pennsylvania philadelphia , pa 19104-6389 usa telephone : ( 215 ) 898-3191 fax : ( 215 ) 898-0587 email : jmacdoug @ central . cis . upenn . edu tutorial : prior to the workshop there will be a tutorial ( including labs and demos ) from july 28 to july 31 1998 . details about the tutorial will be sent out soon . we are trying to get some partial support for some of the students attending the tutorials . more information about this will appear in future announcements . organizing committee : tilman becker ( dfki ) owen rambow ( cogentex ) giorgio satta ( universita di padova ) k . vijayshanker ( university of delaware )
",0
2362,"Subject: kitahara review .
 
 hisatsugu kitahara , ( 1997 ) elementary operations and optimal derivations , mit press , cambridge , mass . 140 pages , $ 15 . 00 . reviewed by julie legate , < jlegate @ mit . edu > this book is very firmly situated within the minimalist approach to syntactic theory that was begun by chomsky ( 1991 ) and perhaps most fully articulated in chomsky ( 1995 ) . it adopts much of the basic architecture of the 1995 version of minimalism ( henceforth mp ) , while deriving several of its principles and assumptions . the first three chapters of the book propose some comparatively minor alterations to the mp system , and demonstrate that these alterations allow several stipulations of the mp to be dropped , while retaining or improving the framework 's empirical coverage . the final chapter retains the proposals of the previous chapters while putting forth a new condition that is a more clear departure from the mp approach . with this condition , kitahara is able to account for several notoriously problematic wh-constructions . kitahara 's first chapter consists of a review of the minimalist syntactic framework . he discusses the conceptual foundation of the approach ( the unflinching application of occam 's razor to every aspect of the computational system ) , the guiding principles of global economy , as well as the internal mechanisms of the computation ( including the creation of syntactic trees through successive operations of merge and of morphological feature-driven move ) . his second chapter contains the core proposals of the book . kitahara replaces the operations of merge , move , and erase by two "" elementary operations "" : "" concatenation "" and "" replacement "" . concatenation is the procedure which joins two objects alpha and beta to form a new object k . replacement , on the other hand , substitutes an object alpha for an object beta , where beta is contained within a larger object sigma . the mp operations are redefined using these elementary operations as follows ( p35 ) : ( i ) cyclic merge = concatenation cyclic move = concatenation noncyclic merge = concatenation + replacement noncyclic move = concatenation + replacement erase = replacement he further redefines the shortest derivation condition ( chomsky 1991 , 1993 ; epstein 1992 ) in terms of these operations , as in ( ii ) ( p26 ) : ( ii ) shortest derivation condition ( sdc ) minimize the number of elementary operations necessary for convergence . given this technology , he proceeds to derive several of the principles and assumptions of mp . first , he considers cyclicity , providing a detailed summary and comparison of the approaches taken in chomsky 1993 , 1994 , and 1995 . he derives that , in simple cases , cyclic convergent derivations should be preferred over noncyclic convergent ones , since cyclic operations yield a shorter derivation . as shown in ( i ) above , cyclic operations involve only one elementary operation : concatenation , whereas noncyclic ones require two : concatenation and replacement . next , he turns to the mp principle of procrastinate : covert movement ( i . e . movement which occurs in the computation after the derivation is sent to pf for pronunciation ) is preferable to overt movement . he separates the discussion into head movement , object shift , and expletive insertion . he adopts the mp assumptions that ( a ) movement results in two instances of identical elements , one in the merged position and the other in the moved position ( i . e . the copy theory of movement ) ; ( b ) if an element is overtly attracted , the entire category moves , whereas if an element is covertly attracted , only the formal features move ; and ( c ) only one of the identical elements created by movement is interpreted at lf . finally , he proposes a novel interpretation of effect of strong features in the grammar , as in ( iii ) ( p37 ) : ( iii ) strong feature condition spell - out applies to sigma only if sigma contains no category with a strong feature . regarding head movement , in languages with overt verb raising , t has a strong v feature and thus overt raising is necessary for convergence . in languages without overt verb raising , the sdc selects derivations with covert , rather than overt , verb raising . although both covert and overt head movement involve one operation of replacement ( since head movement is necessarily non-cyclic ) , kitahara claims that overt head movement , being category movement requires an additional instance of replacement , thus resulting in a longer derivation . his reasoning is as follows . if a verb moves overtly , its semantic features are carried along . therefore , at lf it will be necessary to delete one of the instances of the semantic features , since elements are only interpreted once . this requires an application of replacement that is not needed for covert movement , since covert movement only affects the formal features , not the semantic features as well . notice that the same reasoning will not extend to phrasal movement . overt movement will require one instance of replacement to delete the semantic features of one member of the chain ( just considering a simple two-membered chain ) , however covert movement will also require one instance of replacement , since covert movement is necessarily non-cyclic . thus , the sdc cannot choose between derivations with overt object shift and those without . this predicts the optionality of object shift in languages like icelandic , without resorting to the mp ' optional strong feature ' analysis , which is a simple restatement of the facts . in languages without overt verb movement , object shift is predicted to be impossible , assuming that the object shifts to the outside specifier of vp , the inside specifier being the merged position of the subject , and that multiple specifiers are not equidistant from a higher head , unless head movement renders them equidistant . thus , the shifted object would block movement of the subject to tp , unless the verb has raised to t . kitahara acknowledges ( p144 , fn26 ) , however , that he cannot explain languages like french , that display overt verb raising but prohibit object shift . finally , kitahara considers the timing of expletive insertion . notice that although mp assumes that merge is cheaper than move , kitahara 's reanalysis predicts that merge be equally economical to cyclic move , since both consist of one application of concatenation . since the timing of expletive insertion is the primary empirical motivation for the mp assumption , kitahara demonstrates that this timing is equally captured within his system . consider the familiar sentences ( iv ) and ( v ) . ( iv ) there seems to be a man in the room . ( v ) * there seems a man to be in the room . in ( iv ) , the expletive was inserted in the embedded [ spec , t ] and raised to the matrix tp . in ( v ) , on the other hand , "" a man "" was raised to the embedded tp and the expletive was inserted directly into the specifier of the matrix tp . mp claimed that ( iv ) is preferred over ( v ) because it is cheaper to merge the expletive into the embedded tp than to move the associate . kitahara claims that these facts follow from his sdc . since expletives are assumed to have no semantic features , overt raising of "" there "" will not require an application of replacement to delete an instance of semantic features in ( iv ) . in ( v ) , on the other hand , overt raising of "" a man "" will require replacement to delete one of the resulting two instances of the semantic features of "" a man "" . therefore , the derivation in ( iv ) is shorter than that in ( v ) and thus preferred . as a side point , notice that this analysis requires that the formal features of "" a man "" raise covertly directly to the matrix t . if these features raised to the embedded tp covertly , the non-cyclic movement would result in an additional application of replacement , and ( iv ) and ( v ) should be equally economical ( an equivalent situation to object shift ) . kitahara concludes chapter two with a note about the timing of expletive insertion in icelandic transitive expletive constructions . he assumes the mp analysis that the associate ( i . e . the subject of the transitive ) moves into the inner specifier of tp and the expletive merges into the outer specifier of tp , the verb appearing between the two as a verb-second phenomenon . he notes that although this situation is the opposite of the english situation discussed above , i . e . here category movement precedes expletive insertion , this is predicted by the restriction against downwards movement . assuming the associate must move to adjoin to the expletive at lf , the associate must appear lower than the expletive , in order for this movement to be raising rather than lowering . in chapter three , kitahara demonstrates that chomsky 's ( 1995 ) minimal link condition can explain phenomena which had previously received disparate analyses in the literature . ( vi ) minimal link condition ( mlc ) h ( k ) attracts alpha only if there is no beta , beta closer to h ( k ) than alpha , such that h ( k ) attracts beta . kitahara begins with relativized minimality ( chomsky 1993 ) violations , as in ( vii ) , and superiority condition violations , as in ( viii ) . ( vii ) * john seems it is t ( john ) certain to be here . ( viii ) * what did you persuade whom to buy t ( what ) ? the mlc accounts naturally for these facts : in ( vii ) , "" it "" is closer than "" john "" to the matrix t , and thus blocks attraction of "" john "" ; in ( viii ) , "" whom "" is closer to the matrix cp than "" what "" and thus blocks attraction of "" what "" . next , kitahara considers proper binding condition violations , like that shown in ( x ) . ( ix ) proper binding condition traces must be bound . ( x ) * which picture of t ( who ) do you wonder who john likes t ( which picture of t ( who ) ) ? he argues that a proper binding condition analysis of ( x ) is no longer available in minimalist approaches . this condition can no longer apply at s - structure , since s - structure has been eliminated from the model , and lf reconstruction of "" picture of t ( who ) "" could create a configuration in which the trace of "" who "" is bound . instead , kitahara offers an mlc solution . he observes that ( x ) involves two violations of the minimal link condition . first , "" which "" is closer to the embedded cp than "" who "" and thus blocks the attraction of "" who "" ( note that "" picture of who "" would be necessarily carried along with "" which "" to the embedded cp by an independent convergence condition ) . second , given the illegitimate attraction of "" who "" to the embedded cp , "" who "" becomes closer to the matrix cp than "" which "" , and thus blocks the attraction of "" which "" . assuming that ( xi ) a derivation employing a greater number of illegitimate steps induces a greater degree of deviance ( p72 ) the derivation in ( xii ) below is preferred over ( x ) because ( x ) involves two violations of the mlc whereas ( xii ) involves only one . ( xii ) ? ? who do you wonder which picture of t ( who ) john likes t ( which picture of who ) ? kitahara extends this analysis to crossing versus nesting dependency data . ( xiii ) nested dependency condition ( pesetsky 1987 ) if two "" wh "" - trace dependencies overlap , one must contain the other . the paradigm cases are those in ( xiv ) and ( xv ) : ( xiv ) ? ? what did you wonder whom john persuaded t ( whom ) to buy t ( what ) ? ( xv ) ? * whom did you wonder what john persuaded t ( whom ) to buy t ( what ) ? in ( xiv ) , kitahara observes , the mlc is disobeyed once , in the raising of "" what "" over "" whom "" to the matrix cp . in ( xv ) , on the other hand , the mlc is disobeyed twice , once in the raising "" what "" over "" whom "" to the embedded cp , and a second time in the raising of "" whom "" over "" what "" to the matrix cp . thus , following ( ix ) , the grammar prefers ( xiv ) over ( xv ) . finally , kitahara considers scrambling and topicalization in german and japanese , demonstrating that certain restrictions on these phenomena can also receive an mlc treatment . he assumes that both phenomena are feature driven , and that the scrambling / topicalization feature of the attracted element is interpretable , and thus remains accessible to the computation after checking . the basic pattern considered is that it is not possible to scramble an element from a constituent and then scramble the remnant , however it is possible to then topicalize the remnant . german examples are provided in ( xvi ) and ( xvii ) : ( xvi ) scrambling + scrambling of remnant * dass [ t ( das buch ) zu lesen ] keiner [ das buch ] t ( t ( das buch ) zu lesen ) that ( the book ) to read no one the book ( the book to read ) versucht hat tried has "" that no one has tried to read the book "" ( xvii ) scrambling + topicalization of remnant [ t ( das buch ) zu lesen ] hat keiner [ das buch ] t ( t ( das buch ) zu lesen ) ( the book ) to read has no one the book ( the book to read ) versucht tried "" no one has tried to read the book "" under these assumptions , ( xvi ) violates the mlc twice , first by scrambling the dp "" that book "" over the closer vp "" that book to read "" , and second by scrambling the vp "" t ( that book ) to read "" over the now-closer dp "" that book "" . ( xvii ) , on the other hand , does not violate the mlc at all . assuming that the features that drive topicalization and scrambling are distinct , "" that book "" would be the closest available element with the scrambling feature to the attracting head , since "" that book to read "" would have a topicalization feature rather than a scrambling feature . similarly , the vp "" t ( that book ) to read "" is the closest available element to be attracted for topicalization , since "" that book "" has a scrambling feature not a topicalization feature . in chapter four , kitahara discusses the differences in deviance between derivations which involve one violation of the mlc by a wh-element . he provides the generalization in ( xviii ) , and examples in ( xix ) - ( xxii ) ( p83 - 85 ) : ( xviii ) an mlc violation involving adjuncts , subjects , or quasi objects [ i . e . "" how many "" phrases ] is far more severe than an mlc violation involving objects . ( xix ) adjunct * how do you wonder [ whether john fixed the car t ( how ) ? ( xx ) subject * what do you wonder [ whether t ( what ) was fixed t ( what ) ] ? ( xxii ) quasi - object * how many pounds do you wonder [ whether john weighed t ( how many ) ] ? ( xxii ) object ? ? what do you wonder [ whether john fixed t ( what ) ] ? in order to explain this phenomenon , kitahara proposes the following condition ( p90 ) : ( xxiii ) chain formation condition an application of move forms 1 or > 1 chain ( s ) only if it is legitimate ( = violation-free ) and assumes that traces may be attracted ( at least covertly ) . he claims that the illegitimate wh-movements in ( xix ) - ( xxii ) do not form a chain . therefore , the wh-elements will not be able to be interpreted at lf , causing the derivation to crash . this accounts for the ungrammaticality of ( xix ) - ( xxii ) . in ( xxii ) , however , kitahara claims that the formal features of the trace of "" what "" raise covertly to check accusative case , and that it is this movement that saves the derivation . ( notice that covert movement of the traces of the wh-elements in ( xxiv ) - ( xxvi ) will not occur . adjuncts and quasi objects do not check case , and subjects move overtly to check case . ) according to the chain formation condition , the movement of the formal features of the object , being legitimate , may form one or more chains ; in particular , it forms a chain between the raised position of "" what "" in the matrix cp and the merged position of "" what "" . thus , the derivation can be interpreted at lf , and has only the status of a mlc violation . kitahara extends the analysis to ( xxiv ) . ( xxiv ) "" where "" / "" when "" adjuncts ? ? where / when do you wonder [ whether john fixed the car t ( where / when ) ? he assumes that these adjuncts are the complement of a null preposition . therefore , the formal features of the trace of "" where "" / "" when "" must raise covertly to check case with the null preposition , again creating the necessary chain between the moved position of "" where "" / "" when "" in the matrix cp and its merged position . this chapter concludes the book . although this book stands solidly on the foundations of previous minimalist syntactic research , it remains accessible to those who are not well-versed in minimalist theory . it provides very clear explanations of the details of previous minimalist approaches , as well as kitahara 's own proposals . furthermore , all relevant derivations are presented step-by - step , at a pace designed to accommodate the non-specialist . thus , it presents a good opportunity for those interested to learn about research and issues in minimalist syntax . those who are familiar with minimalist research should find this to be an interesting reworking and application of 1995 - style minimalism . anyone convinced by recent discussions of computational complexity and local economy ( see collins 1997 , johnson & lappin 1997 , yang 1997 , among others ) , however , will be dissatisfied with the approach , as it continues to rely on global economy conditions . since , of course , not everyone has been convinced by the discussion , this is more a note to prospective readers than a criticism . on a similar note , a crucial assumption for the analyses is that the grammar can count , which is controversial , but not obviously false . note that , regarding cyclicity , the notoriously problematic case of head - movement , which chomsky ( 1995 ) managed to incorporate into "" cyclicity "" requirements ( forcing it to apply before introduction of another head into the derivation ) , again falls outside the analysis of "" cyclicity "" . since all head - movement will require an operation of replacement , there is no longer any clear way to force it to apply before another head is introduced . perhaps more serious is the reformulation of the strong feature condition . the various strong feature conditions of previous minimalist approaches are simplified in the first chapter to ( ii ) above , repeated in ( xxv ) below . ( xxv ) strong feature condition spell - out applies to sigma only if sigma contains no category with a strong feature . the difficulty with this formulation is that it renders the strong feature condition an s - structure condition and thus anti - minimalist , since minimalism took great pains to eliminate all s - structure conditions . notice that it would be trivial to reformulate all previous s - structure conditions in a manner parallel to ( xxv ) - - "" spell - out applies to sigma only if sigma contains no traces which are not bound "" - - thus reducing the minimalist claim that s - structure is redundant to a matter of terminology only . furthermore , in the last chapter , a further condition involving strong features had to be introduced in order to rule out certain noncyclic derivations . this additional condition , given in ( xxvi ) , is essentially a weakened version of chomsky 's ( 1995 ) formulation of the strong feature condition . ( xxvi ) alpha and beta cannot be concatenated if some sublabel of alpha and some sublabel of beta are both strong ( p95 ) thus , the proposed simplification of the strong feature condition actually results in positing two conditions , one of which is an s - structure condition . another seemingly anti - minimalist proposal is the chain formation condition , given in ( xxiii ) above and repeated in ( xxvii ) below . ( xxvii ) chain formation condition an application of move forms 1 or > 1 chain ( s ) only if it is legitimate ( = violation-free ) minimalist theory claims that the computation of human language meets the inclusiveness condition , i . e . no new elements are added during the course of the computation . instead , the computation arranges and rearranges items selected from the lexicon . therefore , under minimalist theory , the notion of a "" chain "" as an independent entity does not exist , as it would have to be added during the course of the derivation , violating inclusiveness . instead , "" chain "" is simply a convenient term used to refer to the identical elements in a derivation . the chain formation condition , however , crucially requires chains to have an independent existence in the computation . these comments aside , this book does represent a step forward in the minimalist research program . kitahara is able to derive several assumptions / principles which previously could only be stipulated . the account of optionality in icelandic object shift is more satisfying than the "" optional strong feature "" approach , although , as was noted , it does raise some cross - linguistic considerations ( e . g . french ) . the systematic application of the minimal link condition to data captured by various other conditions was sorely needed , if only to confirm the intuitions that an mlc would have equal , or superior , empirical coverage . finally , the analysis of "" wh "" extraction asymmetries presented in the final chapter , is one of the few minimalist treatments of this phenomenon . all in all , the reader will find this book to be very well considered , clearly explained , and thought-provoking . biography julie anne legate is a phd student in the department of linguistics and philosophy at mit . her research interests include syntactic theory and irish syntax . bibliography chomsky , noam . ( 1991 ) some notes on economy of derivation and representation . in principles and parameters in comparative grammar , ed . robert freidin , 417-454 . mit press , cambridge , mass . chomsky , noam . ( 1993 ) a minimalist program for linguistic theory . in the view from building 20 , eds kenneth hale & samuel jay keyser , 1-52 . mit press , cambridge , mass . chomsky , noam . ( 1994 ) bare phrase structure . mit occasional papers in linguistics 5 . mitwpl , cambridge , mass . chomsky , noam . ( 1995 ) the minimalist program . mit press , cambridge , mass . collins , chris . ( 1997 ) local economy . mit press , cambridge , mass . epstein , samuel d . ( 1992 ) derivational constraints on a ' - chain formation . linguistic inquiry 23 , 135-159 . johnson , david & shalom lappin . ( 1997 ) a critique of the minimalist program . linguistics and philosophy . yang , charles d . ( 1997 ) minimal computation . master 's thesis , department of electrical engineering and computer science , mit . - - - - - - end of forwarded message
",0
2363,"Subject: atelier des doctorants de linguistique ( adl )
 
 call for papers fifth meeting of the adl 4 - 5 december 1998 university of paris 7 - denis diderot the atelier des doctorants de linguistique ( adl ) is an organisation created and run by students . with the support of the university of paris 7 , it aims at developing exchanges between students from different theoretical backgrounds . the fifth meeting provides an opportunity for young linguists to present their works and exchange ideas through : * papers on miscellaneous areas of linguistics * workshops on interdisciplinary topics * friendly breaks providing an opportunity for informal discussions . this meeting is organised by students and is student-oriented . papers , preferably delivered in french , should deal with the following fields : computational linguistics , history of linguistics , lexicology , phonetics , phonology , pragmatics , psycholinguistics , semantics , sociolinguistics , syntax and morphology . a three-page abstract setting out the theoretical background , hypotheses , examples and results which are to be presented at the meeting should be sent by october 15th . abstracts should be submitted , ( by email in rtf-format if possible ) , to sabrina . bendjaballah @ linguist . jussieu . fr ( for macintosh ) patricia . cabredo - hofherr @ linguist . jussieu . fr ( for pc formats ) . if you send your abstact by mail please enclose three anonymous copies along with a separate listing of name , institutional affiliation , preferred mailing address , phone , e-mail address and paper title to the following address : 5emes rencontres de l ' adl universite paris 7 - denis diderot ufr de linguistique - case 7003 tour centrale , piece 911 2 , place jussieu 75251 paris cedex 05 accepted speakers will be notified by the program committee in early november . the meeting will be free of charge . furthermore , we will try to arrange accommodation for speakers . for further information , join us at http : / / www . linguist . jussieu . fr / ~ leglise / adlp7 / adlp7 . htm or at cabredo @ ccr . jussieu . fr . program committee : nicolas ballier , sabrina bendjaballah , patricia cabredo hofherr , emmanuelle canut , pierre jalenques , isabelle leglise , helene le guillou de penanros ( coordination ) , tobias scheer , kim stroumza . abstract deadline : october 15th , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - appel a communications cinquiemes rencontres de l ' atelier des doctorants de linguistique de l ' universite paris 7 4 - 5 decembre 1998 universite de paris 7 - denis diderot structure creee et geree par des doctorants , l ' atelier des doctorants de linguistique ( a . d . l . ) de paris 7 , avec le soutien de son ecole doctorale , a pour objectif de favoriser les echanges entre etudiants travaillant dans des domaines et dans des cadres theoriques differents . dans cette optique , il organise pour la cinquieme annee consecutive des rencontres , occasion pour de jeunes linguistes de presenter leurs travaux et de confronter leurs points de vues a travers : * des presentations dans des domaines varies de la linguistique * des ateliers-debats autour de themes transversaux * des pauses conviviales laissant le temps aux discussions la particularite de ces rencontres est leur caractere etudiant : organisation , comite de lecture et intervenants . les communications se situeront dans les domaines suivants : histoire des idees linguistiques , lexicologie , linguistique et informatique , morphologie , phonetique , phonologie , pragmatique linguistique , psycholinguistique , semantique , sociolinguistique et syntaxe . les etudiants interesses enverront un resume de 3 pages avant le 15 octobre 1998 , comprenant : une explicitation de leurs presupposes theoriques , les hypotheses , exemples et resultats exposes lors de la presentation . ce resume est a soumettre , si possible par email en format rtf a : sabrina . bendjaballah @ linguist . jussieu . fr ( format macintosh ) patricia . cabredo - hofherr @ linguist . jussieu . fr ( format pc ) ou a adresser , en 3 exemplaires anonymes accompagnes d ' une fiche personnalisee ( nom , universite de rattachement , adresse personnelle et professionnelle , telephone , email , titre de la communication ) a l ' adresse suivante : 5emes rencontres de l ' adl universite paris 7 - denis diderot ufr de linguistique - case 7003 tour centrale , piece 911 2 , place jussieu 75251 paris cedex 05 l ' acceptation des communications sera notifiee par le comite de lecture debut novembre . la participation a ces rencontres est gratuite . nous essaierons , de plus , de mettre en place des possibilites d ' hebergement . les personnes souhaitant des renseignements complementaires peuvent nous contacter a la meme adresse ou par email , ou www : http : / / www . linguist . jussieu . fr / ~ leglise / adlp7 / adlp7 . htm organisation : nicolas ballier , sabrina bendjaballah , patricia cabredo hofherr , emmanuelle canut , pierre jalenques , isabelle leglise , helene le guillou de penanros ( coordination ) , tobias scheer , kim stroumza . date limite pour les resumes : 15 octobre 1998
",0
2364,"Subject: new journal - - information
 
 call for papers and articles ! first announcement for a new journal i n f o r m a t i o n issn : 1343-4500 an international journal for publishing original research papers and survey articles in chinese , japanese and english covering all areas of sciences and technologies . high quality research papers and survey articles are solicited , covering the scope of the journal outlined below . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = aims and scope = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the journal presents the latest information and research papers concerning high technologies and modern sciences . the journal introduces up-to - date trend concerning the forefront researches in all areas of science and technology , provides a spot to presents original and novel ideas , outlines present research activities , forecasts future research directions , discusses some research themes , and presents some high-level research papers . the journal covers all areas of science and technology with three sections : ( 1 ) natural science ( 2 ) cultural and social sciences ( 3 ) engineering and technology prospective papers and articles include : commentary , the latest trend , open problems , forecast , discussion , research papers , news , book review , project 's introduction , etc . catalog and abstracts will be published in chinese , japanese and english simultaneously . the papers and articles may be written in either chinese , japanese or english . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = contribution details = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = according to the essential points for preparing papers ( see the homepage : http : / / www . sv . cc . yamaguchi-u . ac . jp / ~ informat / indexe . html ) , the language of manuscripts can be one of chinese , japanese and english . only original papers ( not published or not simultaneously submitted to another journal ) will be considered for publication . copyright for published papers should be transfered to the journal . for electronic contribution , the latex source files or ps files are welcomed . please e-mail the manuscripts to informat @ po . cc . yamaguchi-u . ac . jp . for postmail contribution , four copies of the manu script should be airmailed to information secretariat faculty of science yamaguchi university , yoshida 1677 - 1 , yamaguchi 753-8512 , japan . manuscripts must include : ( 1 ) the title , author 's name ( s ) and affiliation in chinese or japanese ( if preparing the manuscripts in chinese or japanese ) , ( 2 ) the title , author 's name ( s ) , affiliation and abstract in english , ( 3 ) the body of the manuscripts , ( 4 ) references , ( 5 ) brief curriculum vitae for the author ( s ) . submission letters must include the correspondent author 's name , e-mail and street address , field of the manuscript , and offprints number to order . the journal has no page charges , but all authors are requested to buy at least 50 offprints of their papers . in some cases , it is possible , to discount or exempt from offprints charge when publishing committee approves . the offprints charge includes basic charge with 50 offprints and additional charge for more than 50 offprints . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = publishing committee = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = an internationally repected advisory editorial board has been appointed , members details are as follows : advisory board : h . hironaka , yamaguchi university , japan c . bai , chinese academy of sciences , china t . sawa , kyoto university , japan f . cao , peking university , china k . ushijima , kyushu university , japan d . qu , tsinghua university , china w . f . mccoll , university of oxford , uk editor-in - chief : l . li , yamaguchi university , japan associate editors : natural science : f . ren , hiroshima city university , japan cultural and social sciences : n . zhang , hiroshima shudo university , japan engineering and technology : j . cheng , kyushu university , japan editing and publishing : n . zhong , yamaguchi university , japan editorial board : y . yuan , chinese academy of sciences , china z . li , national sun yat - sen university , taiwan w . sun , city university of hong kong , hong kong j . wang , the institute of statistical math . , japan j . y . nie , university of montreal , canada k . t . lua , national univ . of singapore , singapore z . wang , sapporo university , japan m . jin , sapporo gakuin university , japan z . wang , miyazaki municipal university , japan h . ohnishi , kyoto university , japan g . yi , peking university , china t . torii , nagoya university , japan s . ma , ibaraki university , japan z . wu , ibaraki university , japan y . hong , chinese academy of sciences , china y . jiang , kyushu university , japan t . nakamura , tohoku university , japan j . chen , tsinghua university , china j . zeng , kyushu institute of technology , japan h . matsuno , yamaguchi university , japan n . wu , hokkaido university , japan s . liu , hiroshima city university , japan = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = subscription details = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the information journal issn : 1343-4500 4 issues per volume : jp \ 6000 ( in the japan ) jp \ 8000 ( all other countries ) volume 1 ( 1998 ) 2 issues : jp \ 3000 ( in the japan ) jp \ 4000 ( all other countries ) prices include postage / air speeded delivery the information journal will be published quarterly starting from july , 1998 . all correspondence should be sent to : information secretariat faculty of science , yamaguchi university yoshida 1677 - 1 , yamaguchi 753-8512 , japan tel : + 81-839 - 335687 , fax : + 81-839 - 335768 email : informat @ po . cc . yamaguchi-u . ac . jp http : / / www . sv . cc . yamaguchi-u . ac . jp / ~ informat / indexe . html
",0
2365,"Subject: wholes and their parts
 
 wholes and their parts ( w / p ) bolzano , maretsch castle , 17-19 june 1998 1 . presentation science is connected to the complementarity of analysis and synthesis . it may be said that classical physics is characterized by an in-built analysis of the world into constituent parts ( such as atoms or elementary particles ) . these are then recomposed together to provide , by means of synthesis , any system ; interactions are linearly and locally described ; the resulting hierarchy of structures is grounded on such constituent parts . in contemporary science , the age of "" pure "" analysis seems to have ended . there are deep mathematical reasons for this . non - linear systems have properties that , in general , cannot be expressed in terms of decomposition into ultimate , unstructured , pointlike parts plus a suitable sets of relations among them . moreover , the "" dialectic "" of quantity and quality is subtler than was previously thought and this dialectic is needed in the explanation of all sorts of phenomena . it arises not only in physics , but also in the study of cognitive systems and natural and programming languages . within psychology , it is said that "" gestalten "" are cohesive wholes and that "" the whole is more than the sum of its parts "" . but what does this mean exactly ? similar questions emerge in other contexts as well . what is relevant for the foundations of science , the need for a clear understanding of the part / whole relationships , emerges even in logic and mathematics , since these provide the tools for organizing our rational image of the world , in its multi-stratified complexity . thus , we are faced with the problem of relating in a possibly coherent way the various forms of part / whole relationships arising in different branches of science . we have not only to classify the different kinds of wholes and their inherent "" grammars "" , but also to take into account the process of formation for wholes , in order to describe precisely in which sense the whole emerges out of its parts and is irreducible to an aggregate of autonomous , more or less pointlike , entities . what makes ( in part , at least ) the difference between mere aggregates and cohesive wholes ? the members of the whole do not simply hang together : they hang together in the whole , and the structure of the whole influences the description of the parts and their local interactions . in view of the growing interest in this sort of pattern , of so deep relevance for theoretical and applied sciences , it is therefore suitable to clarify the whole / part issues in crucial fields of research , to compare different approaches and to develop a foundational discussion . 2 . program june 17 9 registration 10 bill lawvere , opening lecture 11 , 30 coffee break 12 john bell , w / p in algebraic and logical structures 13-15 lunch 15 ieke moerdjik , w / p in geometry , topology and topos theory 16 coffee break 16 , 30 colin mclarty , w / p in foundations of mathematics 17 , 30 carlo cellucci , w / p in logical analysis june 18 9 steve vickers , w / p in semantics for programming languages 10 gonzalo reyes , w / p in categorical analysis of language 11 coffee break 11 , 30 john mayberry , w / p in set theory 12 , 30-15 lunch 15 niles eldredge , w / p in biology 16 coffee break 16 , 30 alberto peruzzi , w / p in epistemology and semantics 17 , 30 roberto poli , w / p in ontology june 19 9 ettore casari , w / p in phenomenology 10 alf zimmer , w / p in gestalt psychology 11 coffee break 11 , 30 ron langacker , w / p in linguistics 12 , 30-15 lunch 15 george lakoff , w / p in cognitive sciences ( to be confirmed ) 16 coffee break 16 , 30 chris isham , w / p in quantum topology 17 , 30 basil hiley , w / p in mechanics and cosmology 3 . updates to keep you updated with more information on the conference this is the url for the w / p home page : http : / / www . gelso . unitn . it / ~ poli / 4 . registration fees registration fees only cover the participation in this conference . miscellaneous expenses ( accomodation , meals and social activities ) are in addition . the registration deadline to get the early registration fare is : march 1998 , 31st . students must enclose with the registration form a photocopy of their student card . status early registration ( before 3 / 31 / 98 ) late registration student 50 , 000 100 , 000 scholar 100 , 000 200 . 000 industrial 200 , 000 300 . 000 5 . accomodation participants should book their own accomodation . a selected hotel list is the following one : parkhotel laurin * * * * . 4 , laurinstrasse single-room and breakfast : 180 , 000-265 , 000 tel . + 39 471 31 10 00 , fax + 39 471 31 11 48 citta \ 146 * * * . 21 , waltherplatz single-room and breakfast : 110 , 000 tel . + 39 471 97 52 21 ; fax : + 39 471 97 66 88 feichter * * . 15 , via weintraubengasse single-room and breakfast : 60 , 000-80 , 000 tel . + 39 471 978 768 ; fax : + 39 471 974 803 regina angelorum * * . 1 , rittnerstrasse single-room and breakfast : 65 , 000-85 , 000 tel . : + 39 471 972195 ; fax : + 39 471 97 89 44 kolpinghaus * * ( student house ) . 3 , spitalgasse single-room and breakfast : 50 , 000-65 , 000 tel . : + 39 471 97 11 70 ; fax . : + 39 471 97 39 17 ( all the above hotels are at a walkable distance from both the railway station and maretsch castle . ) for more information : city tourist office . 8 , waltherplatz tel . : + 39 471 307 000 / 001 / 002 fax . : + 39 471 98 01 26 or + 39 471 98 03 00 time table : 8 . 30-18 . 00 ; saturday 9-12 . 30 closed on sunday and holidays . 6 . methods of payment cheques : made out in italian liras , payable to istituto mitteleuropeo di cultura , vicolo gumer 7 , 39100 bolzano , italy . bank transfers : sorry but you will have to pay the banking charges ( if you do n't , your registration will be considered as incomplete ) . please enclose with this form a copy of your transfer . this copy should mention the name and adress of your bank . do not forget to write down your name on the transfer . the bank transfer must be done in italian liras on the account : bank : cassa di risparmio di bolzano account number : 873900 swift codes : abi : 06045 ; cab : 11601 references : w / p conference / your name address : istituto mitteleuropeo di cultura vicolo gumer 7 39100 bolzano , italy if these methods of payment are inconvenient , it will be possible for you to pay cash once you are in bolzano . in this case , you will have to pay the late registration fee . some exceptions to these arrangements can be made for people coming from countries which do not allow any of the long distance methods of payment above . 7 . cancellation cancellations received before april 1998 , 15th : running costs : 20 , 000 it liras cancellations received after may 1998 , 15th : running costs : 50 % of the registration fees 8 . registration form name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ institution : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to return by e-mail to : poli @ risc1 . gelso . unitn . it a copy of this registration form together with the justificatory of payment and the copy of the student card has to be sent by surface mail to : istituto mitteleuropeo di cultura , vicolo gumer 7 , 39100 bolzano , italy 9 . conference committee alberto peruzzi : peruzzi @ dada . it roberto poli : poli @ risc1 . gelso . unitn . it * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * roberto poli department of sociology and social research 26 , verdi street 38100 trento - - italy tel . + + 39-461 - 881-403 fax : + + 39-461 - 881-348 e-mail : poli @ risc1 . gelso . unitn . it axiomathes : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / axiomathes . htm imc : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / imc . htm
",0
2366,"Subject: conference on research and advanced technology for digital libraries
 
 second european conference on research and advanced technology for digital libraries european european ics-forth university of union research crete consortium for informatics and mathematics 19 - 23 september , 1998 heraklion , crete , greece web page http : / / www . csi . forth . gr / 2eurodl e - mail ecdl @ cc . uch . gr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - objectives this conference is the second of a series of european conferences on research and technology for digital libraries funded by the european commission 's tmr programme . its objectives are : to bring together researchers from multiple disciplines whose science relates to the development of digital libraries ; to provide an opportunity for these scientists to form a research community in europe specific to digital library development and to enable them to discuss issues and strategies specific to the european context ; to assist young researchers in establishing relationships with senior scientists in their areas of interest ; to enable review and discussion of research under way in europe , the us , japan and other countries on digital libraries ; to stimulate researchers , especially young scientists , to explore new areas of interest in digital library development ; to establish a forum for discussion of issues specific to europe such as interoperability , multilinguality , intellectual property policy , and information commerce ; to provide an opportunity for researchers in the relevant enabling technologies and information sciences , to discuss issues related to interoperability between world wide distributed digital libraries . > from a technical point of view , the european conferences series aims to contribute to the definition of those digital library parameters which especially influence issues of access , retrieval , and interaction with information ; to identify key problems which must be solved to make digital library services an effective reality ; to identify a general structure or framework for integrating research and solutions ; and to propose and encourage specific , high priority research directions within such a framework . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - topics the conference organisers solicit papers on topics related to digital libraries , including but not limited to the following list : o digital library models , frameworks , and system requirements o metadata o system integration and architecture issues o interoperability , scalability o networked information discovery , agent technologies o information retrieval , organisation , navigation - tools and paradigms o multilinguality o role of knowledge representation systems in digital library interactions o collecting , capturing , filtering , cataloging , indexing , o preserving o intellectual property rights , terms and conditions , rights management o authoring , electronic publishing , electronic commerce and information economies o economic and social implications and issues o user interfaces o handling of graphics , gis , medical data , multimedia information , experimental data and o scientific models _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - conference programme the conference will be held in heraklion , crete , greece . tutorials will be organised on the 19th and 20th of september 1998 . the opening session will take place at 9 . 00a . m . on monday the 21th of september 1998 and the final session will take place on wednesday afternoon , the 23th of september 1998 . full details on the scientific programme of the conference will be published on our web site by the 1st of july 1998 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - important dates 15 march 1998 proposals for tutorials , panels and demos due to the programme chair 15 april 1998 notification of tutorial , panel and demo acceptance 15 may 1998 papers and proposals for posters due to the programme chair 25 june 1998 notification of paper and poster acceptance 1 july 1998 scientific programme on the web 25 july 1998 final papers due 19 , 20 september 1998 tutorials 21-23 september 1998 conference _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - panels suggestions for the organisation of panel sessions on one of the proposed topics or on related topics are welcomed . proposals should include a short cv and position paper for each panelist . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - posters during the conference a space will be reserved for poster sessions . research projects of any scale are invited to illustrate innovative concepts and prototype systems . poster proposals should include title , names of presenters and outline ( max . 500 words ) . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - tutorials tutorial days will be held before the conference , on saturday the 19th and sunday the 20th of september 1998 . proposals for tutorials are solicited . tutorials would be either half day ( 3 hours ) or full day ( 6 hours ) . each proposal should include a title , a summary ( intentions , objectives , etc . ) , duration and a short cv of the instructor ( s ) . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - demos result demonstrations of on-going projects are strongly encouraged . those interested should submit a description of the intended demo to the programme chair . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - papers papers ( max 20 pages , double spaced ) should be submitted electronically in html format , either by e-mail to the conference secretariat , ecdl @ cc . uch . gr , or to our ftp site , ftp : / / ftp . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - proceedings the proceedings will be published by springer as a volume in their lecture notes in computer science series and will be distributed at the conference . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - fellowship for young researchers a limited number of fellowships for the conference and also for tutorials are available for young researchers who are citizens of european union countries or liechtenstein , norway and iceland . the fellowship offers free registration for the participants and , in special cases where necessary and appropriately justified , may pay for or reimburse travel and lodging expenses . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - programme chair christos nikolaou , university of crete & ics-forth leoforos knossou , gr-71110 heraklion , crete , greece tel : + 30 81 393199 , fax : + 30 81 210106 e - mail : nikolau @ cc . uch . gr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - programme committee serge abiteboul inria , france robert b . allen bellcore , usa thomas baker asian institute of technology , thailand william birmingham university of michigan , usa panos constantopoulos university of crete & ics-forth , greece bruce croft university of massachusetts , usa costis dallas hellenic ministry of foreign affairs , greece edward a . fox virginia technical university , usa norbert fuhr university of dortmund , germany hector garcia - molina stanford university , usa keith jeffery ral-clrc , uk martin kersten cwi , netherlands judith klavans columbia university , usa carl lagoze cornell university , usa clifford a . lynch coalition for networked information , usa jeff mackie - mason university of michigan , usa a . desai narasimhalu national university of singapore , singapore ann okerson yale university , usa olle olsson sics , sweden andreas paepcke stanford university , usa nicholas patrikalakis mit , usa carol peters iei-cnr , italy jakka sairamesh ibm - t . j . watson research center , usa peter schauble eth zurich , switzerland hans joerg schek eth zurich , switzerland eric simon inria , france ingeborg t . solvberg university of science and technology , norway constantine stephanidis ics-forth , greece shigeo sugimoto university of library and information science , japan costantino thanos iei-cnr , italy ulrich thiel gmd-ipsi , germany stuart weibel oclc , usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - local organising committee sarantos kapidakis ics-forth , greece penelope constanta ics-forth , greece spiros lalis university of crete , greece gioylh koraoy university of crete , greece stella vourou university of crete & ics-forth , greece mixalhs tzekakhs university of crete , greece maria stavrakaki university of crete , greece rena kalaitzaki university of crete , greece maria prevelianaki ics-forth , greece liana kefalaki ics-forth , greece dimitris papadakis university of crete , greece manolis marazakis university of crete , greece anastasia anastasiadi ics-forth , greece stavros papadakis university of crete , greece _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - contact info for more information regarding this conference contact the conference secretariat , rena kalaitzaki and maria stavrakaki university of crete , computer science department , tel : + 30 81 393504 fax : + 30 81 393501 e - mail : ecdl @ cc . uch . gr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you can subscribe to the announcement list of the "" second european conference on research and advanced technology for digital libraries "" by sending electronic mail to ' majordomo @ csi . forth . gr ' with body 's ubscribe ecdl2 - announce < your email address > '
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2367,"Subject: bilingualism
 
 2nd international symposium on bilingualism 15-17 april , 1999 ( provisional dates ) university of newcastle upon tyne , uk 1st announcement submissions are invited for oral or poster presentations , on all aspects of bilingualism . papers which are based on empirical research and which seek to forge new links between established fields ( e . g . linguistics , psychology , speech & language pathology , sociology , and education ) or to develop new sub-fields are particularly welcome . all submissions will be peer-reviewed , anonymously , and selected on the grounds of originality , clarity , and significance of findings and conclusions . special features of the symposium include panel sessions on : i ) cross-linguistics studies of language acquisition and disorder ; ii ) bilingual social interaction ; iii ) trilinguals ; iv ) grammar and code-switching ; v ) childhood bilingualism ; vi ) acquired communication disorders in bilinguals ; and vii ) bilingualism and the deaf community , and a round - table on \ 145issues of identification and intervention in multilingual / multicultural speech therapy clinics \ 146 . important dates : 31 january , 1998 : 2nd announcement 1 september , 1998 : deadline for submission of abstract 31 october , 1998 : notice of acceptance 1 january , 1999 : closing date for registration for further details , please contact : mrs gillian cavagan , isb organising committee , department of speech , university of newcastle upon tyne , ne1 7ru , uk , e - mail : gillian . cavagan @ ncl . ac . uk ; fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 191 222 6518 ; or consult : http : / / www . ncl . ac . uk / ~ nspeech zhu hua editorial assistant international journal of bilingulism
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2368,"Subject: symposium meaning , metaphor & religion
 
 symposium announcement meaning , metaphor & religion : cognitive semantics and the bible the importance of a cognitive theory of meaning for the study of religious language university of leuven , 6 - 8 july 1998 aim of the meeting this symposium aims at determining how a cognitively inspired theory of meaning ( taken in the broad sense ) provides the study of religious language with new valuable insights . specifically , it will be investigated to what extent established and ongoing research into the semantics of bible texts is supported and / or questioned by the cognitive semantic paradigm . although this meeting is primarily conceived from a linguistic point of view , it is not meant for linguists alone . instead , it explicitly aims to bring together semantic expertise from both linguistics and theology in order to explore some of the possibilities and limitations of a combined study of religious language . where ? the symposium takes place in leuven ( b ) at the historical begijnhof site ( chievre house & faculty club ) program - ralph bisschops ( brussel / duisburg ) : "" metaphors disclosing new religious experiences : lover , bride and adulteress in hosea and ezekiel "" - lieven boeve ( leuven ) : "" linguistica ancilla theologiae : the interest of fundamental theology in cognitive linguistics "" - kristin de troyer ( breda / leuven ) : "" ' and god was created . . . ' on translating hebrew concepts into greek . "" - rene dirven ( duisburg ) : "" a metonymic view of the world and religion , contrasted to a metaphorical one "" - brian doyle ( leuven ) : "" how do isotopes meet ? a rare word - play metaphor in isa . 25 : 6 - 8 . "" - james francis ( sunderland ) : "" ' i am lowly as a child ' - child metaphor in the ancient world "" - katrin hauspie ( leuven ) : "" a cognitive approach to the septuagint ? placing the septuagint in its original context in alexandria "" - joel hoffman ( new york ) : "" identifying , understanding and translating the metaphors of a dead language : how to move beyond the denotation of the words to the connotation of the words . "" - olaf jaekel ( hamburg ) : "" the cognitive theory of metaphor : an explanation on the basis of biblical language "" - kjell magne yri ( oslo ) : "" recreating religion - semantic theories and the problem of theologically central terms in ( "" exotic "" ) bible translation . "" - ken mcelhanon ( arlington ) : "" explorations in prototype theology "" - nelly stienstra ( utrecht ) : "" conceptual vs . individual metaphors in the old testament : a matter of interpretation "" - david tuggy ( tucson ) : "" literal vs . idiomatic translation in cognitive linguistics "" - pierre van hecke ( leuven ) : "" the metaphorical use ( s ) of the hebrew verb ra ' ah . a cognitive approach to the shepherd - metaphor "" registration if you wish to register , please complete ( a hardcopy of ) this form and send it back ( hard copy ) with ( evidence of ) payment to the following address : kurt feyaerts dept . of linguistics katholieke universiteit leuven blijde - inkomststraat 21 , b-3000 leuven name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address for correspondence : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i would like to register for ( please circle a or b ) : a . the whole conference package ( conference fee + all lunches ) : 2900 , - bef ( see below ) b . the conference fee + the lunch options as indicated below ( please put a tick on the line next to your chosen options ) conference fee ( obligatory ) 500 , - bef [ staff members of the belgian unversities and students are exempt from paying the conference fee . ] options : lunch ( 6th july ) 800 , - bef _ _ _ _ lunch ( 7th july ) 800 , - bef _ _ _ _ lunch ( 8th july ) 800 , - bef _ _ _ _ total : _ _ _ _ payments must be made before the end of may 1998 methods of payment ( return a hard copy of this form ) : 1 . o visa o eurocard / mastercard complete and sign the following instruction : card number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name of cardholder : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address of cardholder : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ "" please debit _ _ _ _ _ _ bef of my visa / / eurocard / mastercard "" signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 . international eurocheque ( please fill out all sums in bef and make payable to "" kuleuven - congres theosemantiek "" ) 3 . direct bank transfer to "" ku leuven - congres theosemantiek "" , blijde - inkomststraat 21 , 3000 leuven , belgium - bank ( name & address ) : kredietbank , ladeuzeplein 27 , 3000 leuven - account number : 431-0375511 - 91 - bank code ( swift ) : kred . bebb 100 ( please enclose a bank receipt ) please make sure your payment reaches us in due time . your registration will be confirmed by , and made effective with your payment only . accomodation please note that accomodation cannot be arranged by the organizers . information about hotels in leuven ( prices , phone numbers , addresses , map of leuven , . . . ) will be sent immediately after registration ( or on demand before registration ) . information can also be obtained directly from the tourist office in leuven : phone : + 32 . 16 . 211539 ; fax : + 32 . 16 . 211549 . the average price for a single room ( with breakfast ) in leuven is 2300 bef ( with 950 and 4900 bef as extremes ) and 3000 bef for a double room ( with 1700 and 5400 bef as extremes ) . organization / correspondence kurt feyaerts & dirk geeraerts katholieke universiteit leuven department of linguistics blijde - inkomststraat 21 b-3000 leuven phone : + 32 . 16 . 32 48 05 fax : + 32 . 16 . 32 47 67 email : kurt . feyaerts @ arts . kuleuven . ac . be dirk . geeraerts @ arts . kuleuven . ac . be
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2369,"Subject: console 7 : cfp
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - console 7 - call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the seventh meeting of the student organisation of linguistics in europe ( console ) will be held at the university of bergen , norway , from 9 to 11 december 1998 . sole aims at providing students of generative linguistics with a possibility of gaining international experience and a publication forum of their own . furthermore , sole strives to enhance contacts and cooperation between students of generative linguistics in europe and around the world . papers are solicited from students in the field of generative linguistics , more specifically in , but not limited to , phonology , morphology , semantics , sign language , language acquisition and syntax . submissions may be sent either by regular mail or e-mail . if regular mail is used , please send five copies , of which four should be anonymous and one should contain your name , affiliation , address and e-mail address . abstracts should be set in at least 10 point and must not exceed two pages , including references , diagrams , and examples . please send abstracts to : console 7 department of linguistics and comparative literature section for linguistic studies sydnesplass 7 n-5007 bergen norway e - mail submissions must be text only ( ascii format ) . abstracts submitted in this way should not exceed 1300 words , including references , diagrams , and examples , and they may be sent to : abstracts @ babel . ling . uib . no the deadline for submission is 1 august , 1998 ( regardless of mode of submission ) . abstracts received after 1 august will not be considered . submissions by fax will not be accepted . questions regarding submissions and the conference in general can be addressed to the local organisers at the following e-mail address or fax number : e - mail : console7 @ babel . ling . uib . no fax : + 47-55 58 93 54 or to the sole board at the following e-mail address : sole @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl information regarding the conference can be found at the following website : http : / / www . ling . uib . no / console - 7 local organisers : sole board : oystein alexander vangsnes michael redford dagmar bendt tina cambier - langeveld inger marie berntzen aniko liptak torodd kinn martha thunes
",0
2370,"Subject: ecdl98 - final call for papers
 
 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ call for papers second european conference on research and advanced technology for digital libraries european european ics-forth university of union research crete consortium for informatics and mathematics 19 - 23 september , 1998 heraklion , crete , greece http : / / www . csi . forth . gr / 2eurodl ecdl @ cc . uch . gr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ be sure to check the following categories : papers , posters , accepted tutorials , panels and demos , invited speakers , special sessions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - objectives this conference is the second of a series of european conferences on research and technology for digital libraries funded by the european commission 's tmr programme . its objectives are : to bring together researchers from multiple disciplines whose science relates to the development of digital libraries ; to provide an opportunity for these scientists to form a research community in europe specific to digital library development and to enable them to discuss issues and strategies specific to the european context ; to assist young researchers in establishing relationships with senior scientists in their areas of interest ; to enable review and discussion of research under way in europe , the us , japan and other countries on digital libraries ; to stimulate researchers , especially young scientists , to explore new areas of interest in digital library development ; to establish a forum for discussion of issues specific to europe such as interoperability , multilinguality , intellectual property policy , and information commerce ; to provide an opportunity for researchers in the relevant enabling technologies and information sciences , to discuss issues related to interoperability between world wide distributed digital libraries . > from a technical point of view , the european conferences series aims to contribute to the definition of those digital library parameters which especially influence issues of access , retrieval , and interaction with information ; to identify key problems which must be solved to make digital library services an effective reality ; to identify a general structure or framework for integrating research and solutions ; and to propose and encourage specific , high priority research directions within such a framework . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - topics the conference organisers solicit papers on topics related to digital libraries , including but not limited to the following list : o digital library models , frameworks , and system requirements o metadata o system integration and architecture issues o interoperability , scalability o networked information discovery , agent technologies o information retrieval , organisation , navigation - tools and paradigms o multilinguality o role of knowledge representation systems in digital library interactions o collecting , capturing , filtering , cataloging , indexing , o preserving o intellectual property rights , terms and conditions , rights management o authoring , electronic publishing , electronic commerce and information economies o economic and social implications and issues o user interfaces o handling of graphics , gis , medical data , multimedia information , experimental data and o scientific models _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conference programme the conference will be held in heraklion , crete , greece . tutorials will be organised on the 19th and 20th of september 1998 ( for a list of accepted tutorials please consult the relevant section below ) . the opening session will take place at 9 . 00a . m . on monday the 21th of september 1998 and the final session will take place on wednesday afternoon , the 23th of september 1998 . full details on the scientific programme of the conference will be published on our web site by the 1st of july 1998 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - important dates 15 may 1998 papers and proposals for posters deadline 25 june 1998 notification of paper and poster acceptance 1 july 1998 scientific programme on the web 25 july 1998 final papers due 19 , 20 september 1998 tutorials 21-23 september 1998 conference _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - posters during the conference a space will be reserved for poster sessions . research projects of any scale are invited to illustrate innovative concepts and prototype systems . poster proposals should include title , names of presenters and outline ( max . 500 words ) . electronic submissions are obligatory ; proposals should be submitted by e-mail to the conference secretariat , ecdl @ cc . uch . gr . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - papers - submission details papers ( max 20 pages , double spaced ) should be submitted electronically in html format , either by e-mail to the conference secretariat , ecdl @ cc . uch . gr , or to our ftp site , ftp : / / ftp . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl . in either case please follow the guidelines below : 1 . in your submission there should be exaclty one html file containing the paper text , suitable for review printing 2 . each figure ( or other material except text ) should be in a separate file 3 . all files consisting your paper should be gathered in a single file ( zip or tar format ) 4 . submit your paper ( please note that electronic submissions are obligatory ) either by e-mail or ftp 5 . send a separate e-mail message to ecdl @ cc . uch . gr containing the title , abstract , keywords for the paper and the relevant contact information . - the deadline for paper submissions is may 15 , 1998 . - important information - best papers will be proposed for publication in a special issue of the ijodl the best papers of the conference will be proposed for publication ( after a new revision and refereeing process ) in a special issue of the international journal on digital libraries ( http : / / link . springer . de / link / service / journals / 00799 / index . htm ) - accepted papers will be published by springer all accepted papers for the conference will be published by springer . upon selection of your paper you are also obliged to provide us another copy of your paper , in latex2e or ms word format , following the guidelines provided by springer . the final date for the preparation of the accepted papers will be july 15 , 1998 . detailed information on preparing accepted papers for publishing can be found at the springer - verlag web site , http : / / www . springer . de . please be sure to read the "" information for authors "" ( http : / / www . springer . de / comp / lncs / authors . html ) , as well as the new version of the "" authors 's instructions "" ( you may retrieve this file in pdf format from http : / / www . springer . de / comp / lncs / instruct / typeinst . pdf or in postscript format from http : / / www . springer . de / comp / lncs / instruct / typeinst . ps ; you may also retrieve all related files from our web site ; information will be available from our web pages shortly ) . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - panels , tutorials and demos detailed information regarding tutorials , demos and panels can be found at the conference web page http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights . html . in brief , accepted tutorials for the conference are the following ( http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / tutorials . html ) : 1 . standards for interfacing with a digital library by larry masinter 2 . thesauri for knowledge-based assistance in searching digital libraries by dagobert soergel 3 . visual information system by babu m . mehtre 4 . multimedia information retrieval , categorisation , and filtering by pasquale savino and fabrizio sebastiani 5 . designing content for the web of tomorrow , world wide web consortium sponsored tutorial by bert bos 6 . metadata on the web : the resource description framework ( rdf ) , world wide web consortium sponsored tutorial by janne saarela 7 . metadata for networked resources by renato iannella , carl lagoze and stuart weibel a tutorial registration form will be available shortly from our web pages . accepted panels for the conference ( http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / panels . html ) : 1 . interaction design in digital libraries panelists : constantine stephanidis , david benyon , mark maybury , daniel dardailler , dan diaper 2 . digital video libraries : providing access to the moving image panelists : richard paterson , rachel hughes , robin wright , bruce tonkin 3 . digital library technologies in health care panel coordinator : prof . stelios orphanoudakis 4 . architectures and services for cultural heritage information panel coordinator : panos constantopoulos 5 . metadata and content-based approaches to resource discovery panel organizers : thomas baker and judith klavans accepted demos for the conference ( http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / demos . html ) : 1 . liberation by robert stubenrauch 2 . aquarelle by vassilis christophides 3 . aontas : the cabernet technical report and abstracts service by frank siqueira 4 . the low - cost digital library by philip konomos 5 . multilingual informedia : a demonstration of speech recognition and information retrieval across multiple languages by howard wactlar 6 . arhon : a multimedia database design for image documents by kostas chandrinos 7 . nara institute of science and technology ( naist ) digital library system by hideki sunahara 8 . the document management system saros / mezzanine by norbert lossau 9 . unicode - based digital library interface by sarantos kapidakis 10 . ercim technical reference digital library by stefania biagioni 11 . cibit : biblioteca telematica italiana . a digital library for the italian cultural heritage by eugenio picchi 12 . intex : searching information in full text by maurice gross 13 . calliope : an experiment in digital libraries by catherine alauzun _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - invited speakers http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights . html # speakers * dr . donald f . ferguson senior manager ibm t . j watson reseach center , ibm academy , usa software systems and middleware for information economies and digital libraries * dr . james j . o'donnell professor of classical studies , vice provost for computing university of pennsylvania , usa the digital library in the university : how we use it * dr . amy friedlander cnri , editor of the d - lib magazine dr . william y . arms cnri , publisher of the d - lib magazine publishing at the speed of web - light ; experiences from d - lib magazine * mark t . maybury advanced information systems center , the mitre corporation intelligent multimedia information access _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - special sessions http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights . html # sessions a special session on "" digital library technologies for libraries "" will be held during the conference . detailed information can be found at the conference web site . session organiser : ann okerson speakers : diann rusch - feja , john price - wilkin , chris rusbridge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - proceedings the proceedings will be published by springer as a volume in their lecture notes in computer science series and will be distributed at the conference . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - fellowship for young researchers a limited number of fellowships for the conference and also for tutorials are available for young researchers who are citizens of european union countries or liechtenstein , norway and iceland . the fellowship offers free registration for the participants and , in special cases where necessary and appropriately justified , may pay for or reimburse travel and lodging expenses . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - programme chair christos nikolaou , university of crete & ics-forth leoforos knossou , gr-71110 heraklion , crete , greece tel : + 30 81 393199 , fax : + 30 81 210106 e - mail : nikolau @ cc . uch . gr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - programme committee serge abiteboul inria , france robert b . allen bellcore , usa thomas baker asian institute of technology , thailand william birmingham university of michigan , usa panos constantopoulos university of crete & ics-forth , greece bruce croft university of massachusetts , usa costis dallas hellenic ministry of foreign affairs , greece edward a . fox virginia technical university , usa norbert fuhr university of dortmund , germany hector garcia - molina stanford university , usa keith jeffery ral-clrc , uk martin kersten cwi , netherlands judith klavans columbia university , usa carl lagoze cornell university , usa clifford a . lynch coalition for networked information , usa jeff mackie - mason university of michigan , usa a . desai narasimhalu national university of singapore , singapore ann okerson yale university , usa olle olsson sics , sweden andreas paepcke stanford university , usa nicholas patrikalakis mit , usa carol peters iei-cnr , italy jakka sairamesh ibm - t . j . watson research center , usa peter schauble eth zurich , switzerland hans joerg schek eth zurich , switzerland eric simon inria , france ingeborg t . solvberg university of science and technology , norway constantine stephanidis ics-forth , greece shigeo sugimoto university of library and information science , japan costantino thanos iei-cnr , italy ulrich thiel gmd-ipsi , germany stuart weibel oclc , usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - local organising committee sarantos kapidakis ics-forth , greece penelope constanta ics-forth , greece spyros lalis university of crete , greece gioylh koraoy university of crete , greece stella vourou university of crete & ics-forth , greece mixalhs tzekakhs university of crete , greece maria stavrakaki university of crete , greece rena kalaitzaki university of crete , greece maria prevelianaki ics-forth , greece liana kefalaki ics-forth , greece dimitris papadakis university of crete , greece manolis marazakis university of crete , greece anastasia anastasiadi ics-forth , greece stavros papadakis university of crete , greece _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - contact info for more information regarding this conference contact the conference secretariat , rena kalaitzaki and maria stavrakaki university of crete , computer science department , tel : + 30 81 393504 fax : + 30 81 393501 e - mail : ecdl @ cc . uch . gr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you can subscribe to the announcement list of the "" second european conference on research and advanced technology for digital libraries "" by sending electronic mail to ' majordomo @ csi . forth . gr ' with body 's ubscribe ecdl2 - announce < your email address > '
",0
2371,"Subject: corpus - based and statistical nlp
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - absolutely last call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - sixth workshop on very large corpora note that the deadline for submissions has been extended by 1 week because acl / coling is late in sending out notification and we wish to encourage submissions from the affected group . the new deadline of april 27 is absolutely firm . when : august 15-16 , 1998 ( immediately following acl / coling-98 ) where : university of montreal , montreal , quebec , canada workshop description : as in past years , the workshop will offer a general forum for new research in corpus-based and statistical natural language processing . areas of interest include ( but are not limited to ) : - robust parsing , phrase structure analysis - part of speech tagging - term and name identification - word sense disambiguation - morphological analysis - anaphora resolution - event categorization - discourse structure identification - alignment of parallel texts and bilingual terminology - language modelling - lexicography - machine translation - spelling and grammar correction program chair : eugene charniak brown university program committee : steven abney lillian lee eric brill christopher manning ted briscoe dan melamed rebecca bruce scott miller claire cardie raymond mooney bob carpenter james pustejovksy glen carroll lance ramshaw ken church adwait rathnaparkhi michael collins ellen riloff joshua goodman hinrich schutze vasilis hatzivassiloglou ralph weischedel mark johnson janyce wiebe andrew kehler dekai wu john lafferty david yarowsky sponsor : sigdat ( acl 's special interest group for linguistic data and corpus-based approaches to nlp ) web sites : for coling-acl ' 98 - http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / format for submission : only hard-copy submissions will be accepted . authors should submit six ( 6 ) copies of their full-length paper ( 3500-8000 words ) to eugene charniak at the johns hopkins university address below . papers should describe original work . a paper accepted for presentation cannot be presented or have been presented at any other meeting . papers submitted to other conferences will be considered , as long as this fact is clearly indicated in the submission . schedule : submission deadline : april 27 , 1998 notification date : june 1 , 1998 camera ready copy due : june 22 , 1998 contact : eugene charniak e-mail ec @ cs . brown . edu address : before february 1 , 1998 and after june 1 , 1998 department of computer science brown university providence ri 02912-1910 address : from february 1 , 1998 until june 1 , 1998 department of computer science johns hopkins university neb 224 , 3400 n . charles street baltimore , md 21218-2694
",0
2372,"Subject: lrec workshop , pre-final programme
 
 pre-final programme and call for participation towards a european evaluation infrastructure for nl and speech . a workshop jointly organised by the european network of excellence in language and speech elsnet and the ec language engineering-4 project else to be held on wednesday may 27 , 9 : 00-13 : 00 at the first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain right now , a generic framework for semi-automatic quantitative black-box evaluation of speech and nlp systems does not exist in europe . when confronted to a choice , developers and users prefer to ask the opinion of local experts as any other way of processing is either unrealistic or too costly . the le - 4 project else aims at providing developers with a generic strategy and definition of the primary building blocks needed to implement a semi-automatic quantitative black-box evaluation scheme . prominent speakers from field the have been invited to present papers addressing motivation , advantages , but also problems in connection with the implementation of such an evaluation scheme at an international scale . programme : 09 : 00-09 : 10 opening ( steven krauwer / joseph mariani ) 09 : 10-09 : 30 "" the darpa experience "" ( charles wayne ) 09 : 30-09 : 40 "" ethnology and sociology of evaluation "" ( lynette hirschman ) 09 : 40-09 : 50 "" the aupelf experience "" ( joseph mariani ) 09 : 50-10 : 00 "" experience in grace tagging evaluation "" ( patrick paroubek ) 10 : 00-10 : 10 "" experiences in bilingual text alignment evaluation and word sense disambiguation "" ( jean veronis ) 10 : 10-10 : 20 "" best practice and evaluation "" ( ole bernsen / laila dybkjaer ) 10 : 20-10 : 40 break 10 : 40-10 : 50 "" confidence measures and evaluation "" ( lin chase ) 10 : 50-11 : 00 "" evaluation within eagles "" ( maghi king ) 11 : 00-11 : 10 "" technology vs user - evaluation "" ( marc blasband ) 11 : 10-11 : 20 "" evaluation for better products "" ( christian dugast ) 11 : 20-11 : 30 "" resources for evaluation "" ( mark liberman ) 11 : 30-11 : 40 "" organising parser evaluation "" ( richard sutcliffe ) 11 : 40-11 : 50 "" specification and infrastructure for text summarization evaluation "" ( beth sundheim ) 11 : 50-12 : 00 break 12 : 00-12 : 10 "" else "" ( patrick paroubek ) 12 : 10-13 : 00 panel session ( chair : rob gaizauskas ) 13 : 00 closing the selected topics include the multilingual nature of evaluation , lessons from the past ( in europe and the us ) , and the need for language resources . at the workshop the first intermediate results of the else project will be presented and discussed . this call serves to invite interested parties to active participation in the workshop . during the workshop , ample opportunity will be provided for the participants to react to the presentation of the else project , and to the talks by the invited speakers . furthermore participants will be given the opportunity to give brief position statements . the workshop is very timely as it takes place when the ec 's 5th framework programme is taking shape . it is clear that the availability of a european evaluation infrastucture can be an important factor in european r&d activities , and that it can only be successful if it is organized and implemented on a european scale . programme committee the workshop is coorganized by elsnet and else . the programme committee are the participants in the else le - 4 project : niels ole bernsen jean - pierre chanod khalid choukri robert gaizauskas steven krauwer isabelle de lamberterie joseph mariani klaus netter patrick paroubek martin rajman antonio zampolli contact steven krauwer trans 10 , 3512 jk utrecht , the netherlands phone : + 31 30 253 6050 fax : + 31 30 253 6000 email : steven . krauwer @ let . ruu . nl registration information for lrec and pre and post conference workshops conference the registration fees will be 25 . 000 pesetas ( about 150 ecu ) per participant , with reduced fees of 20 . 000 pesetas ( about 120 ecu ) for early registration by march 9 , 1998 , and 12 . 000 pesetas ( about 70 ecu ) for students . the fees cover the following services : a copy of the proceedings , a social dinner , coffee breaks and refreshments . for accompanying persons , the social dinner will be 6 . 000 pesetas ( about 35 ecu ) . pre conference workshops pre conference workshops are 5 , 000 pesetas each for those attending lrec and 10 , 000 pesetas each for those not attending lrec , and include a copy of the proceedings of the workshop and a coffee break . post conference workshop the 2 - day post conference workshop is 10 , 000 pesetas for those attending lrec and 20 , 000 pesetas for those not attending lrec , and includes a copy of the proceedings of the workshop and coffee breaks . registration willbe made only for those persons who have been invited to participate by the organizers . advance registration payment can be made using the registration forms below . registration can be made on-site and must be paid in cash , using pesetas . registration forms first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 28-30 may 1998 e-mail or fax to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain , tel + 34 58 24 41 00 , fax + 34 58 24 41 04 , reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es last name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postal / zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ web : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration payment form registration fees full participant * after march 9 , 1998 25 . 000 pesetas ( about 150 ecu ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ student * 12 . 000 pesetas ( about 70 ecu ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * registration fees include one copy of the proceedings , a social dinner , coffee breaks and refreshments . social dinner for accompanying persons 6 . 000 pesetas ( about 35 ecu ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pre conference workshops , may 26 - 27 , 1998 5 , 000 pesetas each for those attending lrec 10 , 000 pesetas each for those not attending lrec please indicate the workshops you plan to attend ( x ) _ _ _ _ _ "" linguistic coreference "" may 26 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ "" adapting lexical and corpus resources to sublanguages and applications "" may 26 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ "" the evaluation of parsing systems "" may 26 , afternoon session _ _ _ _ _ "" minimizing the effort for language resource acquisition "" may 26 , afternoon session _ _ _ _ _ "" towards an open european evaluation infrastructure for nl and speech "" may 27 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ "" language resources for european minority languages "" may 27 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ "" speech database development for central and eastern europeanlanguages "" may 27 , afternoon session _ _ _ _ _ "" distributing and accessing linguistic resources "" may 27 , afternoon session total number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ x 5 , 000 ( if attending lrec ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ x 10 , 000 ( if not attending lrec ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ post conference workshop , may 31 - june 1 * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ "" translingual information management : current levels and future abilities "" * register only if you have been asked to participate and have confirmed with the organizers 10 , 000 ( if attending lrec ) 20 , 000 ( if not attending lrec ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ grand total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ method of payment you may pay by credit card ( visa , mastercard or eurocard only ; we cannot accept american express , diners club , etc . ) . you may also pay by banker 's cheque , bank transfer or by eurocheque . all payments must be in spanish pesetas . if payment is by banker 's cheque , bank transfer or by eurocheque , please send it by regular mail . if payment is by credit card , it may be faxed . please do not e-mail credit card numbers , as we cannot guarantee the security of our e-mail system , and because we require signatures . please indicate ( x ) one of the following four payment options : a ) _ _ _ _ i enclose a banker 's cheque in spanish pesetas payable to "" first international conference on language resources and evaluation "" . b ) _ _ _ _ i have transferred the full fees by bank transfer to your account at : banco central hispano , c / recogidas , 13 , 18002 granada . account name : first international conference on language resources and evaluation . account number : 0049 - 0372 - 18 - 2210856078 . i have told my bank to charge me / us with all bank charges so that "" first international conference on language resources and evaluation "" will receive the full fees . i enclose a copy of the bank transferpapers with the person ( s ) name written on the transfer . c ) _ _ _ _ please debit my visa / mastercard / eurocard account : amount : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card no : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ valid from : _ _ _ / _ _ _ to _ _ _ / _ _ _ ( as printed on your card ) cardholder 's name and address : last name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postal / zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ web : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature as on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ credit card charges will be processed in spanish pesetas . d ) _ _ _ _ i enclose eurocheque ( s ) for the full fees . i have written my eurocheque number on the back of each eurocheque . mail or fax to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es + 34 58 24 41 04 fax visit our website for further information http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra . html conference addresses the conference chair is antonio zampolli ( istituto di linguistica computazionale del cnr and president of elra ) . antonio zampolli - lrec istituto di linguistica computazionale del cnr via della faggiola , 32 56126 pisa , italy + 39 50 560 481 tel . + 39 50 555 013 fax pisa @ ilc . pi . cnr . it the secretariat of the conference , who will provide general information on the conference , is : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain + 34 58 24 41 00 tel . + 34 58 24 41 04 fax reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es conference program committee harald hoege , siemens , munich , germany bente maegaard , cst , copenhagen , denmark joseph mariani , limsi-cnrs , orsay , france angel martin municio , president of the real academia de ciencias , madrid , spain antonio zampolli , istituto di linguistica computazionale , pisa , italy exhibition an exhibition will be organised by elra . this exhibition is open to companies and projects wishing to promote , present and demonstrate their language resources products and prototypes to the wide range of experts and representatives from all over the world participating in the conference . for more information on this , please contact the elda office on elra-elda @ calva . net . elra for more information about elra ( the european language resources association ) , please contact : khalid choukri , elra ceo 55-57 , rue brillat savarin f - 75013 paris , france tel . + 33 1 43 13 33 33 fax . + 33 1 43 13 33 39 e - mail : elra @ calva . net web : http : / / www . icp . grenet . fr / elra / home . html
",0
2373,"Subject: hokan - penutian conference
 
 the 1998 hokan - penutian conference at the university of oregon , june 26-28 , 1998 . papers are invited on all aspects of languages customarily referred to under the rubrics of "" hokan "" or "" penutian "" , or other orphan languages of california and oregon . please send titles / abstracts by june 1 to : scott delancey dept . of linguistics university of oregon eugene , or 97403 or by e-mail : delancey @ darkwing . uoregon . edu
",0
2374,"Subject: franklin clipper ( esl / efl , etc . )
 
 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = call for papers for the franklin clipper . the benjamin franklin institute of global education is dedicated to lifelong learning opportunities , whether thro traditional school divisions ( k-12 , college and university ) , or thro on-the - job training , whether for personal enrichment , career advancement or whichever other reasons seem reasonable to the individual learner . to that end , it announces its second annual "" virtual voyage , "" around the world on the franklin clipper , to set sail on columbus day weekend ( oct 11-12 , 1998 ) , in celebration of the independent learner and learning opportunities . our theme this year is : a return voyage to the world of distance education : its challenges and opportunities . this is the official call for papers for that internet-based conference , which plans to have a web-presence , chatrooms , and live participation from around the globe , making its way from the pacific rim to europe , across the atlantic to the usa , and ending its voyage where it began , 24 hours later . your participation is invited , as indicated below , in the form of papers discussing training and educational theory and practice , especially utilizing the internet and related technologies , to be submitted to the appropriate chairs below , by may 30 , 1998 . these papers should be approximately 2000-2500 words in length , and may be submitted in paper or electronic form , following discussion with the appropriate chair . the following "" masts "" or conference strands on the franklin clipper have been identified for your consideration and submission of papers : esl / efl : to teach or not to teach ? given the variety of cultural responses internationally to english as a second language , this "" mast "" will discuss not only how , but whether , to teach english in its various manifestations as a second language , as a vocational skill or a lingua franca for the 21st century . any level of educational experience and involvement may be appropriate for discussion . papers may be submitted to : duane p . flowers , purple dolphin language academy , 3-23 - 1-817 mitsuishidai , hashimoto - city , wakayama 648-0094 , japan . email submission to : < dpf @ wcsnet . or . jp > . access : primarily addressing issues of physical disability and adaptive technology for access to the internet , for example its use by deaf , blind or wheel-chair students and teachers , this mast may also concern itself with those issues of literacy and poverty that will also engage the attention of other "" masts "" on this ship . papers may be sent to : norman coombs < nrcgsh @ rit . edu > the appropriate technology : given differential technology between different sites , for example between students ' homes and institutional capabilities , this "" mast "" will discuss and display various possibilities of instructional capabilities in distance education and in residential campus enrichment of classes by current and predicted technology . papers may be sent to : roger boston , houston area community college system , 4310 dunlavy st . , room 116 , houston tx 77006 ( usa ) phone : 713 / 718-5224 ; fax : 713 / 718-5301 ; email : < boston _ r @ hccs . cc . tx . us > k-12 and k-99 : this mast will consider significant issues relevant to learning / training as a much needed lifelong activity . specific emphasis will be given to k-12 ( pre-college ) , adult , and senior-aged learning / training issues , including increasingly busy high school student schedules , business / industry needs for frequent retraining , and life-style enrichment . use of the www and other technology to enrich and successfully deliver frequently updated learning / training conveniently , according to the needs of the learners , will be considered . papers may be sent to : dr cliff layton < layton @ rogersu . edu > globalization : as a culture-changing phenomenon and an economic force , the multi-national economics of business has defenders as well as critics , from a free-market and an ecological point of view . this "" mast "" hopes to engage them in positive dialogue with one another . papers may be sent to : john mclaughlin , phd , dept of english , east stroudsburg university , e . stroudsburg , pa , 18301 ; email : < johnmc @ esu . edu > "" running thro the rigging , "" as we say in nautical language , will be skipper john hibbs ' "" conferencing and virtual exhibitions "" series of discussions , meant to engage the corporate interests who are fully aware of the educational and training implications of multi-site synchronous and asynchronous hosting in cyberspace , thro listservs , chatrooms , websites and other forms of electronic presentation . crossing with our masts , these discussions will involve all of the above thematic contents , as they matter to business and industry on the verge of the 21st century . correspondence may be addressed to : john hibbs < hibbs @ bfranklin . edu > john mclaughlin , phd chair , program committee gld-ii , aka the franklin clipper benjamin franklin institute of global education 241 jutland avenue , suite 2000 san diego , california 92117 ( usa ) website : http : / / www . bfranklin . edu email : hibbs @ bfranklin . edu = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = gld2 is provided world-wide by rogers university to all interested in distance learning . postings to gld2 express thoughts of the gld2 subscribers , and have not been endorsed by rogers university . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
",0
2375,"Subject: 3rd emnlp cfp
 
 call for participation - emnlp3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for participation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - third conference on empirical methods in natural language processing ( emnlp - 3 ) sponsored by acl sigdat tuesday , june 2 , 1998 granada , spain following the first international language resources and evaluation conference ( lrec ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - conference program 9 : 00-11 : 00 session 1 dynamic coreference - based summarization breck baldwin and thomas s . morton multilingual robust anaphora resolution ruslan mitkov and lamia belguith aligning clauses in parallel texts sotiris boutsis and stelios piperidis automatic insertion of accents in french text michel simard 11 : 00-11 : 30 coffee break 11 : 30 - 1 : 00 session 2 valence induction with a head - lexicalized pcfg glenn carroll and mats rooth metrics for corpus similarity and homogeneity adam kilgarriff and tony rose word - sense distinguishability and inter - coder agreement rebecca bruce and janyce wiebe 1 : 00 - 2 : 45 lunch 2 : 45 - 3 : 30 invited speaker statistical translation : where it went kevin knight , usc information sciences institute 3 : 30 - 4 : 30 session 3 category levels in hierarchical text categorization stephen d ' alessio , keitha murray , robert schiaffino , and aaron kershenbaum an empirical approach to text categorization based on term weight learning fumiyo fukumoto and yoshimi suzuki 4 : 30 - 5 : 00 coffee break 5 : 00 - 6 : 30 session 4 an empirical evaluation on statistical parsing of japanese sentences using lexical association statistics shirai kiyoaki , inui kentaro , tokunaga takenobu and tanaka hozumi japanese dependency structure analysis based on lexicalized statistics fujio masakazu and matsumoto yuji a natural criterion for maximum entropy / minimum divergence feature selection adam berger and harry printz - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration information registration forms are also available at http : / / www . cs . vassar . edu / ~ ide / emnlp3 . html registration fees : registration before may 13 : 8 , 500 pesetas ( $ 55 usd ) on - site registration : 11 , 000 pesetas ( $ 70 usd ) registration fees include one copy of the proceedings , coffee breaks and refreshments . methods of payment : * check in us dollars made payable to "" acl "" on a us bank ( address below ) * cash ( for on-site registrations only ) . * visa / mastercard - in us dollars . credit card payments using the form below may be faxed , sent by regular mail or emailed . note , however , that we cannot guarantee the security of credit card numbers in transit via email . payments may be sent to : email : emnlp3 @ cs . jhu . edu fax : + 1 410-516 - 6134 regular mail : emnlp3 c / o david yarowsky - sigdat department of computer science johns hopkins university 3400 n . charles street baltimore , md 21218-2694 usa - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration form last name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postal / zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ web : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ if paying by credit card : please debit my visa / mastercard account : amount : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card no : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ valid from : _ _ _ / _ _ _ to _ _ _ / _ _ _ cardholder 's name ( as printed on your card ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature as on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ credit card charges will be processed in us dollars . * pre - registrations cannot be accepted after may 13 , 1998 . any registration after this date must be made on site . * when submitting registrations , keep in mind the possibility of postal delays . e - mail registration avoids these delays . * registration fees are not refundable . * all registrants will receive a confirmation by e-mail . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - copies of the proceedings are available for $ 25 each and may be ordered from the above addresses . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - program chairs nancy ide ( chair ) department of computer science vassar college 124 raymond avenue poughkeepsie , new york 12604-0520 usa tel : ( + 1 914 ) 437 5988 fax : ( + 1 914 ) 437 7498 e - mail : ide @ cs . vassar . edu atro voutilainen ( co-chair ) research unit for multilingual language technology department of general linguistics p . o . box 4 ( keskuskatu 8 , 7th floor ) fin-00014 university of helsinki finland tel : ( + 358 9 ) 191 23 507 fax : ( + 358 9 ) 191 23 598 e - mail : atro . voutilainen @ ling . helsinki . fi program committee : steven abney , at&t laboratories - research , usa susan armstrong , issco , geneva , switzerland pascale fung , hong kong univ . of science and technology , hong kong gregory grefenstette , xerox research centre europe , france eduard hovy , usc / isi , usa dan jurafsky , university of colorado , boulder , usa kimmo koskenniemi , university of helsinki , finland hwee tou ng , dso national laboratories , singapore kemal oflazer , bilkent university , turkey peter schauble , eth zurich , switzerland keh yih su , national tsing - hua university , taiwan dan tufis , romanian academy of sciences , romania evelyne viegas , new mexico state university , usa further information : email : emnlp3 @ cs . vassar . edu web : http : / / www . cs . vassar . edu / ~ ide / emnlp3 . html http : / / www . cs . jhu . edu / ~ yarowsky / sigdat . html
",0
2376,"Subject: 6th manchester phonology meeting - programme
 
 provisional programme the north - west centre for linguistics and the universities of toulouse - le mirail and paris x - nanterre present the 6th manchester phonology meeting university of manchester ( uk ) thursday 21 may to saturday 23 may 1998 the provisional programme for the 6th manchester phonology meeting is now available on our web site ( http : / / www . art . man . ac . uk / german / 6mfm / prog . htm ) . there are 18 papers and 15 posters , including presentations by jacques durand ( universite de toulouse - le mirail ) , john harris ( university college london ) , francis katamba ( university of lancaster ) , glyne piggott ( mcgill university ) , john rennison ( university of vienna ) and norval smith ( university of amsterdam ) . if you would like to attend , please contact us by e-mailing wiebke . brockhaus @ man . ac . uk before 8 may 1998 . details of conference fee , travel and accommodation arrangements etc . can be accessed from the above web page . best wishes , the organisers : wiebke brockhaus ( university of manchester ) jacques durand ( universite de toulouse - le mirail ) bernard laks ( universite paris x - nanterre ) nigel vincent ( university of manchester )
",0
2377,"Subject: prolamat 98 : call for participation and program
 
 - - - - call for participation and program - - - - - i i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i i i i i i i i > > > ifip prolamat 98 < < < i i - - - - - - - i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i - - - - - - - i i i trento - italy september 9-11 , & 12 1998 i - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the call for papers has been very succesful : over 140 refereed papers will be presented at the conference in three technical tracks : 1 sharing experience from telecom use in industry for agility and innovation 2 human and machine communications , modeling , standard representation , reuse 3 telecom and agility impact on software technology for discrete manufacturing the program will include keynote speeches , an applied track organised in thematic sessions , and a selection of r&td projects co-financed by the european community on subject areas related to prolamat 98 . for information about program , registration fees , accomodation and forms , please find the call for participation and preliminary program on the prolamat 98 weekly updated web site : http : / / prolamat . cs . unitn . it please note that the deadline for the reduced registration fee is may 10 , 1998 , and that early registration and early travel & hotel booking is advisable . prof . gianni jacucci , conference chair
",0
2378,"Subject: minority languages in context
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * minority languages in context diversity and standardisation congress to be held in chur ( switzerland ) , 21st - 23rd september 1998 provisional program themes addressed by the congress the aim of the congress is to stimulate the study and discussion of contextual dimensions within which minority languages are spoken , shared and taught . the congress will provide a forum for the exchange and discussion of descriptive and comparative reports from a variety of regional and national settings including those in switzerland . the contexts within which minority languages evolve can be described from differing points of view along a continuum between two opposing poles . at one end of the continuum lay attempts to achieve stability and homogeneity which are usually articulated through projects aiming at the planning and normalisation of minority languages in order to present these codes as having equal status to adjacent majority languages . at the other end of the continuum we find destabilisation and heterogeneity observable at points of contact and overlap between minority and majority languages and often leading to hybrid forms which challenge traditional notions of linguistic code . these two poles involve a variety of actors and agents of differing social and institutional status , all exercising varying degrees of influence on the language situation in question . the congress will address three thematic areas highlighting the full range of this continuum . thematic area one : standardisation of minority languages thematic area two : minority and majority languages : coexistence , relationships and overlap . thematic area three : minority languages at school * * * * * * * congress events * * * * * * * * * * * * keynote speakers florian coulmas ( tokyo ) for theme 1 ; bernard poche ( grenoble ) and ben rampton ( london ) for theme 2 ; mehandra verma ( york ) for theme 3 . * * * * sessions the thematic development of each day will be provided by speakers reporting on data and research from numerous and diverse linguistic situations around the world . titles of contributions e . agurtzane ( eusal herriko unibertsitatea ) , compensatory linguistic strategies in the gradual death process of a minority language : evidence from some dying dialects of basque m . auzanneau ( paris 5 ) , pluralit et dynamiques socio-culturelles et linguistiques saint - louis du sngal r . bernardi ( spell urtiyei ) , spell - standardisierungsprojekt der ladinischen idiome in den dolomiten d . bradley ( la trobe ) , standardisation of transnational minority languages in asia : lisu and lahu r . cathomas ( fribourg ) , spracherhaltung und immersion ? r . coray ( fribourg ) , "" sprachliche minderheiten "" - eine sozialhistorische analyse eines grundbegriffs der schweizerischen sprachenpolitik h . correia ( paris 5 ) , regards croiss sur une varit migrante : le portugais s . dal negro ( bergamo ) , il ruolo dell ' italiano in alcuni sviluppi della morfosintassi walser j . - f . de pietro , c . de goumons , d . jeannot , c . perregaux , a . - m . broi ( irdp neuchtel ) , des activits d ' veil au langage et d ' ouverture aux langues l ' cole : vers une prise en compte des langues minoritaires s . dingwall , h . murray ( zrich ) , the future of english in switzerland : a majority / minority problem ? a . duchne , f . rosenbaum ( neuchtel ) , la consultation logopdique comme espace de rencontre des langues minoritaires et majoritaires e . m . eckkrammer ( salzburg ) , the standardization of papiamentu : new trends , problems and perspectives l . elle ( bautzen ) , mehrsprachige kommunikation aus der sicht einer kleinsprachen sorbisch im alltag der lausitz r . franceschini ( basel ) , la creativit dei margini linguistici di una citt : quali competenze di lingue minoritarie presso gli ' indigeni ' ? g . fuchs ( bern ) , "" . . . un pas vers la remise en cause du statut linguistique de notre commune "" . reaktionen auf die einfhrung von projekten mit zweisprachingen unterricht ab kindergarten - und grundschulstufe j . fnfschilling , l . mondada , k . mller ( basel ) , les processus de majorisation / minorisation dans des interactions scientifiques plurilingues j . - j . furer ( roveredo ) effets de la langue d ' enseignement sur la diffusion et l ' ancrage du romanche dans son aire traditionnelle r . furness , j . suls ( barcelona ) , the occitan language on both sides of the franco - spanisch border : problems in aranese occitan language codification m . heller , n . labrie , c . quell , s . roy ( toronto ) , prise de parole : la mondialisation et la transformation des discours identitaires chez une minorit linguistique c . m . kieffer ( paris ) , die arabische minderheitssprache in baktrien ( nord - afghanistan ) c . leralu ( argizabal ) , attitudes envers le basque dans le pays basque franais m . maquillo larruy ( poitiers ) , les choix linguistiques de la minorit lusophone en andorre m . matthey ( neuchtel ) , le code-switching rig en norme ? : a propos de l ' europanto h . - p . meier - dallach ( zrich ) , kleinsprachen in der touristischen marketing landschaft j . mills ( luton ) , cornish lexicography in the twentieth century : standardisation and divergence c . d . pusch ( freiburg ) , die standardisierung des aranesischen - zur komplexitt der sprachplanung in einer romanischen kleinsprache , dargestellt an der verschriftungspraxis c . riatsch ( bern ) , literarische reaktionen auf puristischen normdruck im bndnerromanischen s . m . shannon ( denver ) , changing status of irish as experienced through the all - irish schools movement : implications for minority / majority language bilingualism g . vermes , e . huet ( paris 8 ) , problmes de comptences mtalinguistiques en langue minorise et difficults d ' apprentissage de la lecture en langue dominante * * * * activities of the lia rumantscha and other projects from the graubnden region of switzerland the lia rumantscha will organise a visit to their institute where they will present their current theoretical and practical research projects addressing languages and education in graubnden . * * * * * activities of the swiss association of applied linguistics ( vals / asla ) during the congress the association will hold its annual general meeting . the vals / asla special interests groups ( sigs ) will organise parallel sessions focussing on their own topics : sig teaching languages for academic purposes : anton lachner ( anton . lachner @ aal . unibe . ch - http : / / www . aal . unibe . ch / vals ) ; sig fachsprachenforschung : jrg niederhauser ( juerg . niederhauser @ germ . unibe . ch ) ; sig lehrwerkautoren : francesca roncoroni ( francesca . roncoroni @ aal . unibe . ch ) . * * * * * a report from the federal commission on language learning and teaching in switzerland this commission was set up to investigate language learning and teaching in switzerland and make specific recommendations for the future to the cantonal education authorities . during the congress the commission will present its final report . ( see : http : / / www . romsem . unibas . ch / sprachenkonzept / ) * * * * * * activities of the fondazione lingue e culture this foundation will present its manifesto on languages and cultures in the multilingual and multicultural switzerland . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * practical organisation * * * * dates / venue : 21st - 23rd september 1998 , regional assembly building in chur ( switzerland ) * * * * accommodation : participants are kindly requested to book their own hotel rooms . the enclosed brochure lists hotels and prices . further information can be obtained through chur turismus , grabenstrasse 5 , ch 7002 chur , tel . + 41 / 81 / 252 . 18 . 18 , fax . + 41 / 81 / 252 . 90 . 76 . * * * * * enrolment : students : 70 . - ; members of vals / asla : 110 . - ; non-members : 130 . - ; dinner on tuesday evening : 50 . - . please pay using the the enclosed payment slip ( within switzerland ) or by bank transfer to the post giro account of the vals / asla : post office account no . 45-311 - 4 . * * * * * definitive program the definitive program will be sent out to all those who have enroled by around mid june . it will contain summaries of the all contributions as well as a detailed description of all other congress events . * * * * * for more informations , contact : lorenza mondada , romanisches seminar , stapfelberg 7 / 9 , ch 4051 basel . fax : + 41 / 61 / 267 . 12 . 86 , email : mondada @ ubaclu . unibas . ch _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ enrolment form minority languages in context diversity and standardisation 21st - 23rd september 1998 , chur , switzerland name : office address : private address : tel . : fax : email : i enrol as : [ ] student ( 70 . - chfr . ) [ ] member of vals / asla ( 110 . - chfr ) [ ] non-member ( 130 . - chfr ) [ ] i will attend dinner on tuesday evening ( 50 . - chfr ) total payable to vals / asla : . . . . . . . . . . . post office account no . 45-311 - 4 .
",0
2379,"Subject: yale working papers volume
 
 announcing a yale working papers volume : * * * * * * * yale * a - morphous * linguistics essays * * studies in the morphosyntax of clitics * * * * * * * contents : stephen r . anderson : - "" towards an optimal account of second position phenomena . "" - "" remarks on agreement and incorporation phenomena . "" k . david harrison : - "" the morphology of special np clitics : the definite article in albanian . "" stanley insler : - "" the phonological organization of the rigvedic clitic chain . "" lizanne kaiser : - "" cpr for korean type iii nominalizations . "" - "" the morphological cliticization of object - shifted weak pronouns in swedish . "" matthew richardson : - "" czech clitics : 2p or not 2p that is the question . "" jennifer vanloon : - "" pronominal morphology in sulimani kurdish . "" ordering information : $ 10 . 00 / volume . includes shipping within the u . s . please add an additional $ 2 . 00 for international orders . checks should be made out to "" yale university "" . for orders or inquiries , please contact : department of linguistics yale university p . o . box 208236 new haven , ct 06520-8236 e-mail : linguist @ yaleads . ycc . yale . edu telephone : ( 203 ) 432-2450 fax : ( 203 ) 432-4087
",0
2380,"Subject: nlp + ia ' 98 deadline extension may 5th
 
 * * * deadline extension * * * deadline extension * * * deadline extension * * * * * * * * one week till may 5th 1998 * * * * * call for papers & exhibits = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = appel aux communications & expositions = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = international conference on natural language processing and industrial applications nlp + ia 98 > > > special accent on computer assisted language learning < < < conference internationale sur le traitement automatique des langues et ses applications industrielles tal + ai 98 > > > attention speciale portee a l ' enseignement de la langue < < < august / aout 18 - 21 , 1998 moncton , new - brunswick , canada come to canada this summer . . . iwnlg august 5 - 7 in niagara - on-the - lake coling - acl & workshops august 10-16 in montreal nlp + ia / call august 18-21 in moncton topics of interest : the nlp study group ( gretal ) at l ' universite de moncton is organizing its second international conference on nlp and industrial applications . this year a special attention is given to computer assisted language learning & teaching . papers are invited on all aspects of natural language processing , including , but not limited to , * computer assisted language learning & teaching , * natural language understanding and generation of textual , spoken and hand-written language , * natural language interfaces to databases , expert systems , or industrial applications * machine translation , computer aided translation , translation aids , * syntax , semantics , pragmatics , lexicon , morphology , * dictionaries , corpora , & other language resources * multimodality * multilinguality * nlp industrial applications * papers of every kind that can help bridge the gap between the theory and practice of nlp in general and language learning in particular . language : authors are invited to submit preliminary versions of their papers not exceeding 400 words ( exclusive of references ) either in english or in french , the two official languages of the conference . proceedings would be published in the language of the submitted texts . final versions would be around 7 - 8 pages . submission : 1 ) the first page should be an identification page containing the title , the authors ' names , affiliations , addresses , a five ( 5 ) keyword list specifying the subject area , a five ( 5 ) line summary , and the name and address of the contact person . title / titre : authors info / auteurs et infos : keywords / mots clefs : summary / resume : contact person / personne contact : 2 ) abstracts should not exceed 400 words in length excluding references ( 12 pt , times roman , 1 inch margins ( 2 , 5 cm ) all around ; if using a4 please keep text within 19cm x 25 , 5 cm ) . 3 ) the identification page and the abstract should be submitted in 4 hard copies ( 12 pt , times roman , 1 inch margins ( 2 , 5 cm ) all around ; if using a4 please keep text within 19 cm x 25 , 5 cm ) to : nlp + ia 98 / tal + ai 98 pr . chadia moghrabi geta , clips , imag 385 rue de la bibliotheque bp 53 x 38041 grenoble cedex 9 france phone : + 33 4 76 51 4369 fax : + 33 4 76 51 4405 e - mail : nlp + ia-98 @ imag . fr 4 ) the identification page should also be e-mailed in plain text . refereeing : all submissions shall be refereed by three members of the program committee . international program committee : anne de roeck ( essex , uk ) arnold smith ( nrc , canada ) chadia moghrabi ( moncton , canada ) christian boitet ( geta , grenoble , france ) chrysanne dimarco ( logos , waterloo , canada ) eric wehrli ( geneva , switzerland ) eva hajicova ( charles u . , prague ) genvieve caelen - haumont ( geod , grenoble , france ) graeme hirst ( toronto , canada ) harry bunt ( tilburg , netherlands ) henry hamburger ( george mason , usa ) howard hamilton ( regina , canada ) jean - pierre chanod ( xerox , france ) johanna moore ( pennsylvania , usa ) john hutchins ( east anglia , uk ) john tait ( sunderland , uk ) junichi tsujii ( umist & tokyo , japan ) kathleen mccoy ( delaware , usa ) margaret king ( issco , switzerland ) manfred stede ( tu - berlin , germany ) marcel cori ( paris-7 , france ) mark seligman ( geta-clips & red pepper , usa ) michael levison ( queens , canada ) nicoletta calzolari ( ilc / cnr , pisa , italy ) pierre isabelle ( rali , montreal , canada ) pierrette bouillon ( geneva , switzerland ) paul tarau ( moncton , canada ) remi chadel ( inxight , xerox , france ) roberto basili ( roma , italy ) ruddy lelouche ( laval , canada ) susan armstrong ( issco , geneva , switzerland ) thierry chanier ( franche - comte , france ) thierry van steenberghe ( louvain - la - neuve , belgium ) veronica dahl ( simon fraser , canada ) yael ravin ( ibm , usa ) yorick wilks ( sheffield , uk ) schedule : submissions are due now on may 5th 1998 . notification of receipt will be mailed to the contact person soon after receipt . authors will be notified of acceptance by 15 june 1998 . camera - ready copies of final full papers must be received by the 1st of august 1998 along with registration fees . participants are also requested to indicate their intention to participate in the conference as soon as possible to the same e-mail address with the single word intention in the subject line . exhibits : anyone wishing to arrange an exhibit or present a demonstration should send a brief electronic description along with a specification of physical requirements ( table size , power , telephone connections , number of chairs , etc . ) to the same address with the single word exhibit in the subject line . other activities : accompanying persons can enjoy the lovely outdoor living in new - brunswick and visit the highest tides in the world . moncton is only 20km away from the sandy beaches of shediac , la capitale mondiale du homard . conference organization : the conference is organized by gretal , groupe d ' etude sur le traitement automatique des langues at the universite ' de moncton in cooperation with geta-clips at l ' universite ' joseph fourier in grenoble . the members of the organizing committee are : chadia moghrabi , professor of computer science , conference chair jalal almhana , director & professor of computer science julien chiasson , professor of computer science sadek eid , professor of industrial engineering , director manufacturing technology centre boubaker meddeb - hamrouni , researcher geta & winsoft paul tarau , professor of computer science
",0
2381,"Subject: tag + 1998
 
 * deadline for abstracts - april 30 , 1998 * tag tutorials - - announcement july 28 to july 31 , 1998 tag + workshop - - final call for papers august 1 to august 3 , 1998 philadelphia , pa , usa url : http : / / www . cis . upenn . edu / ~ ircs / mol / tag98 . html the fourth workshop on tree-adjoining grammars and related frameworks ( hence the + after tag ) will be held at the institute for research in cognitive science at the university of pennsylvania in august 1998 , from august 1 to august 3 . previous workshops were held at dagstuhl ( 1990 ) , upenn ( 1992 ) , and univ . paris 7 ( 1994 ) . prior to the workshop there will be a tutorial ( including labs and demos ) from july 28 to july 31 1998 . information about the tutorial is below , followed by information about the workshop . tutorial attendance = = = = = = = = = = the tutorial is open to anyone interested , though we request a pre-registration and we may limit attendance . we therefore suggest you indicate interest in attending to jennifer macdougall at the earliest date possible . ( see contact information below . ) travel stipends = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = a limited number of travel stipends will be available for graduate students ( i . e . , people studying towards a master 's or doctorate degree ) . this stipend will be limited to a maximum of us $ 600 . if you are interested in obtaining such a stipend , please send a message to jennifer macdougall at the address below . please include a one-page summary ( in ascii text format ) of your educational background and of your planned or present research , and indicate how the tutorial would enhance your education and / or planned research . ( information about accommodations will be provided at a later date . ) contact information = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = jennifer macdougall 553 moore building university of pennsylvania philadelphia , pa 19104-6389 usa telephone : ( 215 ) 898-3191 fax : ( 215 ) 898-0587 email : jmacdoug @ central . cis . upenn . edu proposed schedule = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = tuesday july 28 overview and introduction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - morning lectures * general introduction * formal overview * linguistic overview * lexicalized grammars afternoon lab session * intro to the xtag system * lab session with xtag wednesday july 29 computation and applications - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - morning lectures * parsing * supertagging and other stochastic approaches * synchronous tag * generation afternoon demos : * xtag - - second lab session * supertagger * other parsers * tag - based generation systems note : if you would like to demo a system , please let us know and we will include it . thursday july 30 tag , linguistic issues , and related grammatical systems - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - morning lectures * tag and generative grammar * tag and hpsg * tag and categorial grammars * tag and lfg afternoon lecture * grammar organization demos * grammar organization demos * mt demo friday july 31 selected advanced topics - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - morning and early afternoon lectures * advanced topics : formal and linguistics issues + coordination + scrambling + clitic climbing + lexical semantics + d - tree grammars + other topcis workshop papers on all aspects of tag ( linguistic , mathematical , computational , and applicational ) , as well as papers relating tags to other frameworks , are invited . as in the past there will be some invited talks on other grammar formalisms which have interesting relationships to tags ( for example , categorial grammars and hpsg ) . guidelines for abstracts : abstracts should be at most two pages ( exclusive of references ) , and should be submitted in ascii format , as a . ps file , or as self-contained latex file to jmacdoug @ central . cis . upenn . edu . ( if email is not available , please send the abstract to the address given below . ) please indicate on the abstract if you would prefer to give a short presentation ( 10 minutes ) or a long one ( 30 minutes ) . the abstract should contain your name , address , and email address . proceedings including extended versions ( 4 pages ) of accepted abstracts will be available at the workshop . deadline for submission for abstracts : april 30 ( extended ) notification of acceptance : may 15 deadline for submission of camera-ready extended abstract : july 6 workshop dates : august 1 to august 3 if you do not want to submit an abstract , but would like to attend , we would appreciate it if you could inform us by email by july 6 ( unless you have already done so ) . if you would like to present a demo , please let us know as soon as possible , including information about required hard and software . program committee : anne abeille ( universit ' e paris 7 ) tilman becker ( dfki ) christy doran ( university of pennsylvania ) robert frank ( johns hopkins university ) klaus netter ( dfki ) richard oehrle ( university of arizona ) owen rambow ( cogentex , inc . ) giorgio satta ( universita di padova ) yuka tateisi ( university of tokyo ) k . vijayshanker ( university of delaware ) david weir ( university of sussex ) contact address : jennifer macdougall 553 moore building university of pennsylvania philadelphia , pa 19104-6389 usa telephone : ( 215 ) 898-3191 fax : ( 215 ) 898-0587 email : jmacdoug @ central . cis . upenn . edu organizing committee : anne abeille ( paris 7 ) tilman becker ( dfki ) owen rambow ( cogentex , inc . ) giorgio satta ( universita di padova ) k . vijayshanker ( university of delaware )
",0
2382,"Subject: phonology
 
 certamen phonologicum iii pier marco bertinetto , livio gaeta , georgijetchev & david michaels ( eds ) , certamen phonologicum iii . papers from the third cortona phonology meeting , april 1996 . torino , rosenberg & sellier 1997 , pp . 291 , price lit . 63 . 000 ( approximately us $ 37 ) . isbn 88-7011 - 717 - 0 . general issues : hans basboll , on danish schwa . judith m . broadbent , a review of hume 's account of consonant vowel interactions in maltese arabic . bruce l . derwing , testing phonological universals in the laboratory . tobias scheer , vowel - zero alternations and their support for a theory of consonantal interaction . prosodic theory : caroline fery , the mora as a measure of weight and syllabic constituent . karijn helsloot , poetic meter is metrical prosody : phonological phrasing in italian bound and free verse . michael kenstowicz & hyang - sook sohn , phrasing and focus in northern kyungsang korean . italian dialects and phonological theory : matthew absalom & john hajek , raddoppiamento sintattico : wath happens when the theory is on too tight ? . mirco ghini , segments , prosodic units , and ambisyllabicity in ligurian . michele loporcaro , on vowel epenthesis in alguer catalan . michael l . mazzola , from stress in latin and romance to lexical stress in italian . stephan schmid , a typological view of syllable structure in some italian dialects . edward f . tuttle , preferential and pseudo-metathesis ( in italo - romance dialects ) .
",0
2383,"Subject: icslp abstracts due 1 may 98
 
 second call for papers for icslp ' 98 the 5th international conference on spoken language processing sydney convention & exhibition centre darling harbour , sydney australia 30th november 1998 - - 4th december 1998 hosted by the australian speech science & technology association inc . ( incorporating the 7th australian speech science & technology conference ) conference url http : / / cslab . anu . edu . au / icslp98 note : note : note : note : friday 1st may , 1998 paper summaries / abstracts due submission procedure submissions are invited in any of the following technical topic areas . a . human speech production , acoustic - phonetics and articulatory models b . human speech perception c . language acquisition : first and second languages d . spoken language and dialogue modelling ; dialogue systems e . isolated word recognition f . large vocabulary continuous speech recognition g . utterance verification and word spotting h . speaker adaptation and normalisation in speech recognition i . speaker and language recognition ; dialects and speaking styles j . multilingual perception and recognition k . signal processing , speech analysis and feature extraction l . robust speech processing in adverse environments m . hidden markov model techniques n . artificial neural networks , fuzzy and evolutionary algorithms o . spoken language understanding systems p . text - to - speech synthesis q . prosody and emotion ; focus , stress and accent r . speech coding s . spoken language generation systems ; concept - to - speech t . spoken language translation systems u . analysis of speech and hearing disorders v . speech processing for the speech - impaired and hearing - impaired w . segmentation , labelling and speech corpora x . speech technology applications and human - machine interfaces y . spoken language processing and multimodality z . other areas of spoken language processing format of submission acceptance of papers for presentation at the conference will be on the basis of reviewed summaries . you should submit a summary of your paper comprising approximately 500 words . at the top of the page , please specify the following corresponding author contact details : full name full postal mail address email address fax number phone number proposed paper details : paper title author list topic id ( a - z ) four additional keywords presentation preference ( oral , poster , student day ) the topic id should be a single category from the topic list specified as an alphabetic letter ; if your submission falls within the broad area of spoken language processing but is not explicitly represented in the topic list , please use the z category . the four additional keywords are requested in order to assist the programme committee in assigning reviewers . means of submission ( of summaries / abstracts ) electronic submission of summaries via the world wide web is preferred : a summary submission form is available at http : / / cslab . anu . edu . au / icslp98 . alternatively , a pro-forma for email submission can be obtained from this url or by emailing "" icslp98 @ tourhosts . com . au "" ; email submissions should be sent to "" icslp98 @ one . net . au "" . if electronic submission is not possible , postal submissions ( 4 copies ) to the icslp ' 98 secretariat address specified below will be accepted provided that they adhere to the above format . please do not use fax . restrictions on submissions ( of summaries / abstracts ) please note that only ascii summaries written in english will be accepted : do not include any attachments , graphics , or embedded formatting commands . given the large number of submissions we expect to receive , anything that cannot be printed directly will be rejected without consideration . acknowledgement of receipt you should receive an acknowledgement of receipt within 72 hours of electronically submitting your summary . if this does not happen , then you should resend your submission by email to "" icslp98 @ one . net . au "" with the word resubmission at the beginning of the subject line . if an acknowledgement is still not forthcoming , an email problem should be assumed , and the summary submitted by fax . please do not resubmit or send by fax for any other reasons than lack of acknowledgement from the conference . conditions of acceptance all papers must be presented in english by one of the listed authors ; that author will be required to register no later than the full-paper submission date . summaries will not be accepted after the submission date . please note : the deadline of may 1st for receipt of submissions is firm . the tight scheduling of our review process means that late submissions cannot be accepted . student day submissions students wishing to submit papers for the sst student day should submit summaries as above . these submissions will be separately reviewed and published under the banner of the 7th australian speech science & technology conference and will also be included on the cdrom containing the icslp ' 98 proceedings . submission addresses world wide web : via "" http : / / cslab . anu . edu . au / icslp98 e - mail submission : icslp98 @ one . net . au postal : icslp ' 98 secretariat , gpo box 128 , sydney nsw 2001 , australia technical queries : robert dale ( rdale @ mpce . mq . edu . au ) general information : "" icslp98 @ tourhosts . com . au "" conference secretariat tour hosts conference & exhibition organisers gpo box 128 sydney nsw 2001 , australia important dates friday 1st may , 1998 paper summaries due for review friday 26th june , 1998 acceptance notification friday 21st august , 1998 deadline for full-paper submission conference coordinating committee peter blamey ( financial ) university of melbourne bruce millar ( technical ) australian national university julie vonwiller ( organisation ) university of sydney / appen technical programme committee robert dale ( chair ) microsoft research institute roberto togneri ( deputy chair ) university of western australia denis burnham university of new south wales michael wagner university of canberra sst student day committee franz clermont ( co - chair ) university of new south wales michael barlow ( co - chair ) university of new south wales ingrid ahmer university of south australia robin king university of south australia parham mokhtari university of new south wales international advisory board souguil j . m . ann , seoul national university , korea jens p . blauert , ruhr - universitaet , germany michael brooke , university of bath , united kingdom timothy bunnell , university of delaware , usa anne cutler , max - planck - institute for psycholinguistics , netherlands hiroya fujisaki , science university of tokyo , japan julia hirschberg , at&t bell laboratories , usa bjorn granstrom , royal institute of technology , sweden lin - shan lee , national taiwan university , taiwan roger moore , defence research authority , united kingdom john j . ohala , university of california , berkeley , usa louis c . w . pols , university of amsterdam , netherlands christel sorin , centre nationale d ' etude des telecommunications , france yoh ' ichi tohkura , atr human information processing laboratories , japan jialu zhang , academia sinica , china australian consultative committee yianni attikiouzel , university of western australia robert bogner , university of adelaide john clark , university of western sydney mary o'kane , university of adelaide roger wales , university of melbourne and representatives of financial sponsors . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - karen croot school of communication sciences & disorders faculty of health sciences , university of sydney po box 170 lidcombe nsw australia 2141 phone : 02 9351-9694 ( within australia ) , + 61 2 9351-9694 ( international ) . facsimile : 02 9351-9977
",0
2384,"Subject: "" language resources for european minority languages ""
 
 pre - final programme and call for participation workshop on "" language resources for european minority languages "" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - wednesday may 27 1998 ( morning ) , granada , spain in association with the first international conference on language resources and evaluation , may 28-30 1998 , granada , spain programme : 8 : 00 registration 8 : 30 welcome and introduction 8 : 40 "" overview of minority languages in europe "" . marc alemany ( catalan sociolinguistic institute ) . 9 : 00 "" vocatel and vogatel : two telephone speech databases of spanish minority languages ( catalan and galician ) "" . luis villarrubia , paloma leon , luis hernandez ( speech technology group , telefonica i&d , madrid , spain ) ; climent nadeu , ignasi esquerra , javier hernando ( dept . tsc , universitat polite ' cnica de catalunya , barcelona , spain ) ; carmen garcia - mateo , laura docio ( etsit de telecomunicacio ' n , universidad de vigo , vigo , spain ) . 9 : 20 "" written linguistic resources in catalan : the dcc project "" . joan soler bou ( institut d ' estudis catalans , barcelona , spain ) . 9 : 40 "" the melin project "" . donncha o ' cro ' ini ' n ( institiu ' id teangeolai ' ochta e ' ireann / linguistics institute of ireland , dublin , ireland ) . 10 : 00 coffee 10 : 30 "" a framework for the automatic processing of basque "" . i . aldezabal , o . ansa , j . m . arriola , a . di ' az de ilarraza , n . ezeiza , a . maritxalar , m . oronoz , k . sarasola ( euskal herriko unibertsitatea , spain ) ; i . aduriz , m . urkia ( uzei , donostia , spain ) . 10 : 50 "" towards the creation of new galician language resources : from a printed dictionary to the galician wordnet "" . fernando magan ( ramo ' n pin ~ eiro research center for humanities , santiago de compostela , spain ) . 11 : 10 poster session 1 ( odd-numbered authors at posters ) 11 : 50 poster session 2 ( even-numbered authors at posters ) 12 : 30 plenary 13 : 30 end = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = poster papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 "" a tagger environment for galician "" . m . vilares , j . gran ~ a ( universidad de corunna , spain ) ; t . araujo , d . cabrero , i . diz ( ramo ' n pin ~ eiro research center for humanities , santiago de compostela , spain ) . 2 "" a bilingual spanish - catalan database of units for concatenative synthesis "" . i . esquerra , a . bonafonte , f . vallverdu ' , a . febrer ( universitat polite ' cnica de catalunya , barcelona , spain ) . 3 "" methods and tools for building the catalan wordnet "" . l . beni ' tez , s . cervell , g . escudero , m . lo ' pez , g . rigau , m . taule ' ( universitat polite ' cnica de catalunya , barcelona , spain ; universitat de barcelona ) . 4 "" lemmatisation of the corpus of cornish "" . j . mills ( university of luton , england , uk ) . 5 "" speechdat cymru : a large-scale telephony welsh database "" . r . j . jones , j . s . mason ( univ . of wales , swansea , wales , uk ) ; l . helliker , m . pawlewski ( bt labs , ipswich , england , uk ) . 6 "" kgb project : tools and resources for breton language learning "" . j . siroux , h . gourmelon , g . mercier , j - p . messager ( enssat , lannion , france ) . 7 "" a speech database in basque language "" . k . lo ' pez de ipin ~ a , i . torres , l . on ~ ederra ( euskal herriko unibertsitatea , spain ) . 8 "" an overview of the existing language resources for ' gallego ' "" . c . garci ' a - mateo ( universidade de vigo , spain ) ; m . gonza ' lez - gonza ' lez ( universidade de santiago , spain ) . 9 "" language standardisation and linguistic resources : the case of central ladin ( dolomites ) "" . f . ciochetti ( istitut ladin , vigo di fassa , italy ) ; f . pianesi ( irst , trento , italy ) . 10 "" the le-parole project and the national corpus of irish "" . d . o ' cro ' ini ' n , e . ui ' dhonnchadha ( institiu ' id teangeolai ' ochta e ' ireann / linguistics institute of ireland , dublin , ireland ) . 11 "" design of a phonetic corpus for speech recognition in catalan "" . i . esquerra , c . nadeu ( universitat polite ' cnica de catalunya , barcelona , spain ) ; l . villarrubia , p . leo ' n ( telefo ' nica investigacio ' n y desarrollo , madrid , spain ) . 12 "" levels of annotation for a welsh speech database for phonetic research "" . b . williams ( university of edinburgh , scotland , uk ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - workshop scope and aims : the minority or "" lesser used "" languages of europe ( e . g . basque , welsh , breton ) are under increasing pressure from the major languages . some of them ( e . g . gaelic ) are becoming endangered , but others ( e . g . catalan ) are in a stronger position , with a certain amount of official recognition and funding . however , the situation with regard to language resources is fragmented and disorganised . some minority languages have been adequately researched linguistically , but most have not , and the vast majority do not yet possess basic speech and language resources ( such as text and speech corpora ) which are sufficient to permit commercial development of products . if this situation were to continue , the minority languages of europe would fall a long way behind the major languages , as regards the availability of commercial speech and language products . this in turn will accelerate the decline of those languages that are already struggling to survive , as speakers are forced to use the majority language for interaction with these products . to break this vicious circle , it is important to encourage the development of basic language resources . the workshop is a very small first step towards encouraging the development of such resources . the aim is to share information , so that isolated researchers will not need to start from nothing . an important aspect will be the forming of personal contacts , which at present do not exist . the aim is to make it easier for isolated researchers with little funding and no existing corpora to begin developing a usuable speech or text database . there will be a balance between presentations of existing language resources , and more general presentations designed to give background information . organisers : briony williams university of edinburgh , scotland , uk climent nadeu universitat politecnica de catalunya , catalunya , spain alex monaghan dublin city university , ireland contact ( on * academic * matters only - registration information is below ) : briony williams cstr 80 south bridge edinburgh eh1 1hn scotland , uk email : briony @ cstr . ed . ac . uk tel : + 44 1 31 650 2790 fax : + 44 1 31 650 6351 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration information for lrec and pre and post conference workshops conference the registration fees will be 25 . 000 pesetas ( about 150 ecu ) per participant , with reduced fees of 20 . 000 pesetas ( about 120 ecu ) for early registration by march 9 , 1998 , and 12 . 000 pesetas ( about 70 ecu ) for students . the fees cover the following services : a copy of the proceedings , a social dinner , coffee breaks and refreshments . for accompanying persons , the social dinner will be 6 . 000 pesetas ( about 35 ecu ) . pre conference workshops pre conference workshops are 5 , 000 pesetas each for those attending lrec and 10 , 000 pesetas each for those not attending lrec , and include a copy of the proceedings of the workshop and a coffee break . post conference workshop the 2 - day post conference workshop is 10 , 000 pesetas for those attending lrec and 20 , 000 pesetas for those not attending lrec , and includes a copy of the proceedings of the workshop and coffee breaks . registration willbe made only for those persons who have been invited to participate by the organizers . advance registration payment can be made using the registration forms below . registration can be made on-site and must be paid in cash , using pesetas . registration forms first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 28-30 may 1998 e-mail or fax to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain , tel + 34 58 24 41 00 , fax + 34 58 24 41 04 , reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es last name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postal / zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ web : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration payment form registration fees full participant * after march 9 , 1998 25 . 000 pesetas ( about 150 ecu ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ student * 12 . 000 pesetas ( about 70 ecu ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * registration fees include one copy of the proceedings , a social dinner , coffee breaks and refreshments . social dinner for accompanying persons 6 . 000 pesetas ( about 35 ecu ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pre conference workshops , may 26 - 27 , 1998 5 , 000 pesetas each for those attending lrec 10 , 000 pesetas each for those not attending lrec please indicate the workshops you plan to attend ( x ) _ _ _ _ _ "" linguistic coreference "" may 26 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ "" adapting lexical and corpus resources to sublanguages and applications "" may 26 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ "" the evaluation of parsing systems "" may 26 , afternoon session _ _ _ _ _ "" minimizing the effort for language resource acquisition "" may 26 , afternoon session _ _ _ _ _ "" towards an open european evaluation infrastructure for nl and speech "" may 27 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ "" language resources for european minority languages "" may 27 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ "" speech database development for central and eastern europeanlanguages "" may 27 , afternoon session _ _ _ _ _ "" distributing and accessing linguistic resources "" may 27 , afternoon session total number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ x 5 , 000 ( if attending lrec ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ x 10 , 000 ( if not attending lrec ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ post conference workshop , may 31 - june 1 * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ "" translingual information management : current levels and future abilities "" * register only if you have been asked to participate and have confirmed with the organizers 10 , 000 ( if attending lrec ) 20 , 000 ( if not attending lrec ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ grand total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ method of payment you may pay by credit card ( visa , mastercard or eurocard only ; we cannot accept american express , diners club , etc . ) . you may also pay by banker 's cheque , bank transfer or by eurocheque . all payments must be in spanish pesetas . if payment is by banker 's cheque , bank transfer or by eurocheque , please send it by regular mail . if payment is by credit card , it may be faxed . please do not e-mail credit card numbers , as we cannot guarantee the security of our e-mail system , and because we require signatures . please indicate ( x ) one of the following four payment options : a ) _ _ _ _ i enclose a banker 's cheque in spanish pesetas payable to "" first international conference on language resources and evaluation "" . b ) _ _ _ _ i have transferred the full fees by bank transfer to your account at : banco central hispano , c / recogidas , 13 , 18002 granada . account name : first international conference on language resources and evaluation . account number : 0049 - 0372 - 18 - 2210856078 . i have told my bank to charge me / us with all bank charges so that "" first international conference on language resources and evaluation "" will receive the full fees . i enclose a copy of the bank transferpapers with the person ( s ) name written on the transfer . c ) _ _ _ _ please debit my visa / mastercard / eurocard account : amount : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card no : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ valid from : _ _ _ / _ _ _ to _ _ _ / _ _ _ ( as printed on your card ) cardholder 's name and address : last name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postal / zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ web : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature as on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ credit card charges will be processed in spanish pesetas . d ) _ _ _ _ i enclose eurocheque ( s ) for the full fees . i have written my eurocheque number on the back of each eurocheque . mail or fax to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es + 34 58 24 41 04 fax visit our website for further information http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra . html conference addresses the conference chair is antonio zampolli ( istituto di linguistica computazionale del cnr and president of elra ) . antonio zampolli - lrec istituto di linguistica computazionale del cnr via della faggiola , 32 56126 pisa , italy + 39 50 560 481 tel . + 39 50 555 013 fax pisa @ ilc . pi . cnr . it the secretariat of the conference , who will provide general information on the conference , is : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain + 34 58 24 41 00 tel . + 34 58 24 41 04 fax reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es conference program committee harald hoege , siemens , munich , germany bente maegaard , cst , copenhagen , denmark joseph mariani , limsi-cnrs , orsay , france angel martin municio , president of the real academia de ciencias , madrid , spain antonio zampolli , istituto di linguistica computazionale , pisa , italy exhibition an exhibition will be organised by elra . this exhibition is open to companies and projects wishing to promote , present and demonstrate their language resources products and prototypes to the wide range of experts and representatives from all over the world participating in the conference . for more information on this , please contact the elda office on elra-elda @ calva . net . elra for more information about elra ( the european language resources association ) , please contact : khalid choukri , elra ceo 55-57 , rue brillat savarin f - 75013 paris , france tel . + 33 1 43 13 33 33 fax . + 33 1 43 13 33 39 e - mail : elra @ calva . net web : http : / / www . icp . grenet . fr / elra / home . html
",0
2385,"Subject: logic course on the internet
 
 call for participation logic course on the internet : dynamic semantics the institute for logic , language and computation and the dutch graduate school in logic hereby announce the second electronic course on dynamic semantics . this is lectured mainly over the internet and is intended for an international audience . the course is given by david beaver ( csli , stanford ) , paul dekker and willem groeneveld ( both illc , amsterdam ) . the course is meant for phd students and advanced undergraduates who are familiar with basic notions of logic and model-theoretic semantics , and who share an interest in the formal analysis of the semantics and pragmatics of natural language . the course consists of two parts . the first part ( may 25 to july 10 ) is given entirely on the world wide web . all communication ( including an electronic classroom , readers , collaboration on exercises etc . ) then takes place over the internet . after a five weeks break , the course continues on a face to face basis at the summer school ( august 17 - - 28 in saarbruecken ) . the course offers room for a limited number ( 20 ) of participants . people who are interested are adviced to subscribe before may 5 - th to "" dekker @ philo . uva . nl "" , and include a sketch of background , education and interests . for more information the reader may consult the course plan at : http : / / turing . wins . uva . nl / ~ pdekker / course / plan . html david beaver , paul dekker , willem groeneveld institute for logic , language and computation university of amsterdam
",0
2386,"Subject: ellipsis in conjunction
 
 call for papers , focus group , zas , berlin , oct . 2 - 3 , 1998 workshop on ellipsis in conjunction in view of the growing interest in conjunction ellipsis this workshop is an attempt to promote the communication and bridge the gaps between different approaches within the framework of generative syntax . the workshop will concentrate on the following issues : ( 1 ) the structure of a conjunction construction . is the base-generated structure of a coordinate construction a double-headed structure ( williams 1994 ) , or does it have the second conjunct right-adjoined to the first conjunct ( reinhart 1991 ) , or is it a projection of a conjunction word ( &p ) ( munn1987 ) , or something else ? ( 2 ) the possible categories to be conjoined . must a conjunct be a clause or an extended projection ( excluding smaller xp - types ) ? must a conjunct be an xp ( excluding head and x ' ) ? and how are ' asymmetrical coordinations ' analyzed if only ' like ' categories can be conjoined ? ( 3 ) the analyses of ellipsis and gapping constructions . the verb gapping construction , for instance , has been analyzed as rightward np movement followed by an identical constituent deletion ( jayaseelan 1990 ) , across - the - board verb movement ( johnson 1996 ) , and deletion licensed in lf ( wilder 1997 ) . in addition , it remains to be shown how to account for the relationships between vp ellipsis , pseudogapping and gapping . furthermore , a general study of sluicing is required to cover wh in-situ languages where slucing does not alternate with an overt movement to eliminate strong features of a wh question ( lasnik 1997 ) . ( 4 ) the analysis of similarities and differences among various types of reduction . how and why do coordinative , comparative , and exception conjunction ellipses share properties and differ from each other syntactically , and / or semantically ? are the properties of forwad deletion and backward deletion related to lf and pf respectively , as claimed by wilder ( 1997 ) ? ( 5 ) the constraints on the ellipsis constructions . what are the language-specific properties that might interact with the representations of conjunction ellipsis ? are there any ellipsis or gapping rules in ug ? ( 6 ) the connection between conjunction ellipsis and information structure . to what extent are such ellipses determined by information structural aspects like focus background structuring ? ( 7 ) studies of conjunction ellipsis of a greater variety of languages . invited speakers : danny fox tilman hoehle kyle johnson jason merchant alan munn craig thiersch chris wilder organizers : kerstin schwabe , niina zhang , horst - dieter gasde , and andre meinunger the deadline for receipt of abstracts is july 1 , 1998 . please send your abstract ( 1 a4 / letter - size max ) to : dr . niina zhang zas jaegerstr . 10-11 10117 berlin germany tel : 49-30 - 20192572 fax : 49-30 - 20192402 email : ellipsis @ zas . gwz-berlin . de we accept abstracts by fax , email , as well as regular mail . the selection of the abstracts for presentation will be finished by the end of august . zentrum fur allgemeine sprachwissenschaft ( zas ) http : / / www . zas . gwz-berlin . de
",0
2387,"Subject: non - lexical semantics
 
 conference schedule ( preferably ) non-lexical semantics the conference will take place at the university of paris 7 , 2 place jussieu , 75005 paris ( metro : jussieu ) , conference room of the "" insititut monod "" at the ground level of the tour 42 . schedule : thursday , may 28 8 : 30 - 9 : 00 registration 9 : 00 - 9 : 35 alexander grosu ( tel aviv ) "" the ' filter ' status of carlsonian contexts "" 9 : 35-10 : 05 roger schwarzschild and karina wilkinson "" quantifier scope in clausal comparatives "" 10 : 05-10 : 40 : philippe schlenker ( ucla ) "" clausal equation : a solution to the connectivity problem "" break 11 : 00-11 : 35 j . marc authier ( penn state ) "" on some properties of structure based semantic conditions "" 11 : 35-12 : 10 vivienne fong ( singapore ) and arto antila ( boston ) "" two cases of partitivity "" 12 : 10-12 : 45 claire gronemeyer ( lund ) "" the syntactic basis of evidentiality in lithuanian "" break 14 : 30-15 : 05 richard breheny ( london ) "" a quantificational approach to weak and strong interpretation of definites "" 15 : 05-15 : 40 robert van rooy ( amsterdam ) "" in situ interpretation of definites , indefinites and presuppositions by indexedactuality operators "" break 16 : 00-16 : 35 lisa matthewson ( mit ) "" the interpretation of wide-scope indefinites : evidence from st ' t ' imcets "" 16 : 35-17 : 10 ilena comorovski ( nancy ) "" adverbial quantification and backwards anaphora "" 18 : 00-19 : 00 ede zimmermann invited lecture friday , may 29 9 : 00 - 9 : 35 almerindo ojeda ( davis ) "" the interpretation of singularity "" 9 : 35-10 : 10 martin hackl and jon nissenbaum ( mit ) "" variable modal force in for - infinitival clauses "" 10 : 10-10 : 45 r . zuber ( cnrs ) "" atomicity and semantics "" break 11 : 05-11 : 40 frederike moltmann ( new york ) "" apparent quantifiers of higher types and nonreferential complements "" 11 : 40-12 : 15 georges rebuschi ( paris 3 ) "" e - type pronouns and quantification "" 12 : 15-12 : 50 henriette de swart ( utrecht ) "" pragmatics of scope "" break 14 : 30-15 : 05 kristin m . eide and tor a . aafarli ( norway ) "" generalized multifunctionality : how language recycles meaning "" 15 : 05-15 : 40 : zygmunt frajzyngier ( bulder ) "" towards a methodology for discovery of meaning of grammatical forms "" break 16 : 00-16 : 35 daniel lacombe ( paris7 ) "" la creativite logico-syntaxique du francais non-standard "" 16 : 35-17 : 10 arthur merin ( stuttgart ) "" the relevance of relevance : political economy of presupposition in a probability theory "" 17 : 10-17 : 45 joseph quer ( utrecht ) "" the contribution ofmood shift to interpretation : free relatives and conditional readings "" break 18 : 00-19 : 00 pauline jacobson ( brown ) invited lecture 19 : 00 : wine and cheese party saturday may 30 9 : 00-10 : 00 savas tsohatzidis ( saloniki ) invited lecture break 10 : 15-10 : 50 : jacques jayez ( paris ) "" a proof-theoretic non-scalar account of scalar inferences "" 10 : 50-11 : 25 regine eckardt ( konstanz ) "" the proper scope of event quantification "" 11 : 25-12 : 00 xiao lu ( rochester ) "" verb class , aspect , and the chinese verb de - construction "" 12 : 00-12 : 35 markus kracht ( berlin ) "" on the semantics of locatives "" alternates : 1 . akira ikeya ( toyo gakuen university ) : the predicate - argument structure of english and japanese adjectives "" 2 . rusudan asatiani ( tbilisi ) : the semantics and functions of yes / no particles ( on the date of the georgial language ) 2 . resistration fee : 90 ff ( this includes the wine and cheese party )
",0
2388,"Subject: language and cognitive processes
 
 the following is the list of contents of the forthcoming issue of the journal language and cognitive processes . vol . 12 5 / 6 pages 505-892 october / december 1997 preface gerry t . m . altmann 505 on the inseparability of grammar and the lexicon : evidence from acquisition , aphasia , and real - time processing elizabeth bates and judith c . goodman 507 reflections on phonological bootstrapping : its role in lexical and syntactic acquisition anne christophe , teresa guasti , marina nespor , emmanuel dupoux and brit van ooyen 587 integrating form and meaning : a distributed model of speech perception m . gareth gaskell and william d . marslen - wilson 615 syllabification in speech production : evaluation of weaver ardi roelofs 659 the time course of activation of semantic information during spoken word recognition helen e . moss , samantha f . mccormick and lorraine k . tyler 697 semantic errors as neuropsychological evidence for the independence and the interaction of orthographic and phonological word forms gabriele miceli and rita capasso 735 structure and function in the lexical system : insights from distributed models of word reading and lexical decision david c . plaut 767 a connectionist model of the arabic plural system kim plunkett and ramin charles nakisa 809 abstracts 839 volume 12 contents , author index 891 further information and subscription details from the psychology press , 27 church road , hove , e . sussex bn3 2fa , uk . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = dr . gerry t . m . altmann g . altmann @ psych . york . ac . uk department of psychology university of york tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1904 434362 heslington , york y01 5dd . uk . fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1904 433181 homepage : http : / / www . york . ac . uk / ~ gtma1 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
",0
2389,"Subject: history of linguistic ideas
 
 the henry sweet society for the history of linguistic ideas fifteenth annual colloquium : amsterdam , 16th - 19th september 1998 second circular date and venue the colloquium is scheduled to begin with registration at 1 p . m . on wednesday 16 september , and to finish with breakfast on saturday 19 september . there will be associated events on wednesday and thursday evenings . registration and papers will take place in amsterdam university 's doelenzaal and its oudemanhuispoort facility . both locations are in the centre of amsterdam and can be easily reached by public transport . there will be a special bus on thursday and friday mornings for participants from hotel casa 400 . amsterdam , the capital of the netherlands , has the largest historical inner city in europe and the beautiful canals , monumental buildings , museums , world famous art galleries , open air markets and shopping streets can easily be explored on foot , should you have time before or after the colloquium . accommodation and travel a number of rooms have been booked for colloquium participants at hotel casa 400 . a list of low budget or more expensive hotels will be provided on request . amsterdam is easily accessible by air , rail and road . there is a direct rail connection to amsterdam from schiphol international airport located about 10 miles from the city centre . the city of amsterdam discourages its citizens from using cars , which means that there is no free parking either at the hotel or in the vicinity . detailed travel arrangements will be sent to those who have made bookings . keynote speaker we are delighted to announce that reinier salverda , professor of dutch at university college london , has agreed to be our keynote speaker . his topic will be "" dutch linguists around 1900 : a critical reappraisal "" . a book of abstracts will be made available to participants at the beginning of the colloquium . speakers who wish to make any adjustments to their abstracts should do so before 31 may . provisional lecture programme wednesday 16 september . 13 00arrival and registration 14 30r . schreyer ( aachen ) , "" john wilkins , the man in the moone and everything : on links and hyperlinks in the history of ideas "" . 15 00m . m . iserman ( heidelberg ) , "" sounds and their signs in john wilkin 's essay "" . 15 30n . wilding ( rome ) , "" galilean linguistics "" . 16 00tea 16 30i . zwiep ( amsterdam ) , "" hebrew studies at the time of the counter - refomation : the reception of bellarmine 's institutiones "" . 17 00a . j . klijnsmit ( amsterdam ) , "" vossius , spinoza and schultens : the application of analogia in hebrew grammar "" . 18 00dinner 20 00r . salverda ( london ) , "" dutch linguistics around 1900 : a critical reappraisal "" . thursday 17 september 09 30j . privratska ( prague ) , "" the reflections of comenius language endeavours in the encyclopaedia comeniana "" . 10 00j . mills ( luton ) , "" twentieth - century cornish lexicography and language revival "" . 10 30p . j . lucas ( dublin ) , "" john minshew , polymath and poseur : old english in an early seventeenth-century dictionary "" . 11 00coffee 11 30l . kelly ( cambridge ) , "" michel foucault , richard mckeon and grammatica speculativa "" . 12 00j . murphy ( davis , ca ) , "" early modern grammarians who write about rhetoric "" . 13 15lunch 14 30w . e . mcmahon ( akron , oh ) , "" revisiting the concept of logical form "" . 15 00b . godart - wendling ( paris ) , "" la place de la semantique dans les premieres grammaires categorielles "" . 15 30l . shi - xu ( singapore ) , "" the poetics of formalism and functionalisn : understanding linguistic science as discourse "" . 16 00tea 16 30m . j . van der wal ( leiden ) , "" feral children in the netherlands : an eighteenth-century case within its european context "" . 17 00l jooken ( louvain ) , "" james hutton 's synthesis of epistemolinguistic issues at the end of the scottish enlightenment "" . 17 30r . steadman - jones ( cambridge ) , "" face and race in the early nineteenth century : european grammars of wolof and urdu "" . friday 18 september 09 30s . a . romaschko ( moscow ) , "" transferring grammars : how german grammarby jacob grimm was converted into russian historical grammar by fedor buslaev "" . 10 00t . becker ( munich ) , "" hermann paul , the post-generative morphologist "" . 10 30n . helsloot ( amsterdam ) , "" nietsche 's tone "" . 11 00coffee 11 30h . gwosdek ( tuebingen ) , "" the english grammars for st paul 's school , london "" . 12 00p . loonen ( groningen ) , "" the production of french grammars by hugenot refugees in the dutch republic "" . 12 30i . tieken - boon van ostade ( leiden ) , "" towards an edition of lowth 's correspondence "" . 13 15lunch 14 30e . h . jahr ( tromso ) , "" clara holst ( 1868-1935 ) : norwegian historical linguist and woman pioneer "" . 15 00a . linn ( sheffield ) , "" towards a stylistics of standardisation : the case of norwegian and faroese "" . 15 30j . m . morris ( london ) , "" linguistic ideas for literacy in english "" . 16 00tea 16 30b . collins ( leiden ) & i . m . mees ( copenhagen ) , "" daniel jones role in the development of a prestige variety of british english pronunciation "" . 17 00m . k . c . macmahon ( glasgow ) , "" the beginnings of phonetics in the british university system "" . 17 30annual general meeting - - - conference dinner on behalf of the organising committee : dr . robin smith department of english language and literature university of leiden p . o . box 9515 2300 ra leiden the netherlands e-mail : rdsmith @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl those who want to attend the conference are kindly requested to print the following registration form and hotel reservation form , complete them , and send them by fax or regular mail to the addresses mentioned on the forms . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the henry sweet society for the history of linguistic ideas * * * * * * fifteenth annual colloquium , amsterdam , september 16-18 , 1998 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * registration form ( please print or use a typewriter ) * * * o mr o mrs family name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . first name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . title ( prof . / dr . etc . ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . institution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . code / city . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telephone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telefax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e - mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please tick the appropriate boxes and fill in the appropriate amount i wish to attend the conference and register members of the henry sweet society ( or participants who wish to become a member of the henry sweet society , and will pay the membership fee of 9 british pounds ( approx . dfl 32 ) at the registration desk on the first day of the conference ) o before august 1 , 1998 dfl 300 o after august 1 , 1998 dfl 325 non-members o before august 1 , 1998 dfl 400 o after august 1 , 1998 dfl 425 students o before august 1 , 1998 dfl 135 social event o conference dinner on fridaydfl 80 the registration fee includes access to all sessions , coffee and tea , two ( dutch ) lunches , two dinners and a reception . students must enclose a copy of their student card . total amount to be paid ( please fill in ) dfl . . . . . i will pay this amount o by remitting the amount to the postbank amsterdam , account number 6391427 , in favour of "" uva gio congresbureau "" ( * ) o by sending eurocheques to the conference office ( * ) ( max . amount per cheque : dfl 300 ; each cheque complete with signature and bank card number ) o please charge my credit card . ( this will add an additional dfl 25 to the total amount ) o master / eurocard o visa o american express credit card number : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . expiry date : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . exact name on card : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( * ) please state "" hss "" and the full name of the participant on the bank transfer or cheque ! payments should be made in dutch guilders and without charges to the beneficiary . by sending in this registration form , i acknowledge that i commit myself to the immediate payment of the full conference fee . i have taken notice of the cancellation terms on this form . date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . signature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cancellations and refunds the conference office should be notified of cancellations in writing . if cancellations are received by the conference office before august 1 , 1998 , the total conference fee will be refunded , less dfl 45 administration costs . after august 1 , 1998 , no refunds will be made . please note that refunds will only be made after the completion of the conference . please return this form : by fax or by regular mail ( as a hard copy ) to : conference office , universiteit van amsterdam p . o . box 19268 , 1000 gg amsterdam , the netherlands fax : + 31 525 4799 , tel : + 31 525 4791 * * * end of registration form hss amsterdam conference * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the henry sweet society for the history of linguistic ideas * * * * * * fifteenth annual colloquium , amsterdam , september 16-18 , 1998 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * hotel reservation form ( please print or use a typewriter ) * * * * hotel prices can only be guaranteed , if the hotel reservation form is returned before july 15 . * since the year 1998 is a very busy year in amsterdam , we strongly advise you to take care of your hotel reservation as soon as possible . family name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . first name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . code / city . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telephone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telefax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please fill in and tick the appropriate boxes i would like to make the following reservation at the hotel casa 400 james wattstraat 75 amsterdam . . . . single room ( s ) dfl 132 per night . . . . twin-bedded room ( s ) dfl 176 per night date of arrival : . . . . . . . . . date of departure : . . . . . . . . . above rates are per room , per day and include breakfast , services and taxes . all rooms have private facilities . in order to guarantee the reservation , a deposit of dfl 200 per room is required and must be remitted in advance . after receipt of this amount the hotel reservation will be confirmed and a hotel deposit voucher will be sent , less dfl 25 for reservation and bank charges . the value of the voucher will be deducted from your final hotel bill . for cancellations received before september 2 , 1998 , refunds will be made less dfl 50 administration fee . please note that it can take a few weeks before you receive a confirmation of your hotel reservation . i have paid the deposit of dfl . . . . . . . . . . o by remitting the amount to the abn / amro bank amsterdam , account number 41 . 11 . 55 . 210 , in favour of "" carlson wagonlit travel "" o by sending a cheque to carlson wagonlit travel o please charge my credit card o master / eurocard o visa o american express o other : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . credit card number : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . expiry date : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . exact name on card : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . signature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please return as a hard copy by regular mail or fax to : carlson wagonlit travel dam 19 1012 js amsterdam the netherlands fax + 31 20 623 5107 tel + 31 20 624 1361 e-mail agm @ keytours . nl * * * end of hotel reservation form hss amsterdam conference * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
2390,"Subject: teaching linguistics ( grammar )
 
 * * * call for papers * * * * * * call for papers * * * "" teaching linguistics "" symposium on teaching grammar in conjunction with the twenty - second annual conference on the teaching of foreign languages and literatures . youngstown state university youngstown , ohio , october 24 , 1998 plenary speaker : * robert dekeyser , university of pittsburgh , linguistics dept . dr . dekeyser will speak on "" focus on form "" proposals on topics related to the teaching of grammar in first , second and foreign languages are welcomed . college and university faculty , high school teachers , and graduate students are invited to submit proposals . possible areas of focus might include , but are not limited to : pedagogical grammars , history of grammatical teaching , normatism / prescriptivism , pros and cons of formal instruction , and all aspects of grammatical teaching , such as methods , social aspects , audiences , situations of teaching ( l1 , l2 , fl ) , goals and objectives , etc . special attention will be given to papers dealing with the position and role of grammatical instruction within the curriculum . * all disciplinary approaches are welcome , such as language arts teaching ; second language acquisition : theory , research and practice ; pedagogical approaches and classroom strategies ; techniques and materials ; innovations in media technology ; testing and assessment ; ethnographic studies . this is not , however , a symposium on universal grammar . * abstracts : presentations should be 30 minutes long , including time for questions . send three copies of a one - page , double spaced abstract to the symposium committee ( address below ) by june 1 , 1998 . e - mail submissions ( ascii only , no attachments ) are ok . include contact information on a cover sheet attached to the abstract . the abstract should contain no information that identifies the presenter . notification will be mailed no later than july 1 , 1998 . * registration : all participants , including presenters , are required to register to the conference , however , a lower fee for the symposium day alone will be available . registration materials will be mailed in early august 1998 . all accepted presenters will receive the conference registration mailings . those interested in attending , but not presenting need only request to be put on the mailing list . graduate students needing crash space or with financial problems should mention this fact in the cover sheet . * the conference on the teaching of foreign languages and literatures will feature two plenary speakers : helena curtain ( u . of wisconsin ) who will speak on fles and david d . herren ( middlebury college ) who will speak on call . besides the plenary speakers the conference will feature over thirty presentations and workshops on various aspects of teaching foreign languages and literature . * abstracts and requests for information about the teaching grammar symposium should be sent to : salvatore attardo & steven brown english department , debartolo hall 202 youngstown state university youngstown oh 44555 usa sattardo @ cc . ysu . edu srbrown @ cc . ysu . edu
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2391,"Subject: colloque : plurilinguisme et enseignement
 
 integrated in teh activities promoted by the grif ( groupe de reflexion interdisciplinaire sur le franais ) , the language department of the university of the algarve , faro , portugal , has promoted a scientific meeting on plurilingualism and teaching , to be held on the 4th and 5th of june . this meeting aims to foster the debate and the reflection of students , teachers , educators and supervisors on the subject of teaching a foreign language in multilingual and multicultural contexts . communications to be presented focus on the isuues of foreign language acquisition and development and also on the analysis of factors related to the foreign language learning and teaching process . invited professors : daniel coste - ens - saint cloud bernard py - universit de nuchatel more informations : http : / / www . ualg . pt / uceh / noticias . html
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2392,"Subject: sigphon98 workshop - - - extended deadline
 
 the fourth cfp = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = < < c a l l - - - - - f o r - - - - - p a p e r s > > = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the computation of phonological constraints = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the 4th meeting of the acl special interest group in phonology ( http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ sigphon / 98 ) in conjunction with the coling-acl ' 98 joint conference montreal , canada , 15th august 1998 * * * due to popular request , we have extended the deadline for * * * submissions to this workshop by 3 weeks . the new deadline * * * is may 10 . the meeting - - - - - - - - - - constraint - based theories of phonology have become enormously popular in recent years . such theories express generalizations by stating how and when a language 's phonological forms are constrained , rather than relying on rules that actively modify the forms . computational ideas have often provided an impetus for these innovations . koskenniemi 's ( 1983 ) 2 - level morphophonological processor introduced parallel constraining relations as an alternative to an ordered system of rewrite rules . declarative phonology ( c 1990 ) focusses on the unity of representations and rules as constraints , drawing on various computational ideas from unification to temporal logic to finite-state calculi . one current constraint-based theory is optimality theory ( ot ) ( prince&smolensky 1993 ) . this theory found , at least partial , inspiration in computational work by smolensky on the relation between symbolic and subsymbolic computation . although this link with connectionism has been left largely unexplored , ot has proved to be a computationally productive theory , giving rise to several theoretical papers on computational issues related to complexity and learnability , as well as inspiring a number of implementations . this workshop is designed to foster the link between computational work and constraint-based phonology in general . to this end , it invites submissions on topics related to the computation of any constraint-based phonological formalism , including but not limited to the three mentioned above . here are some example topics : * the computational interpretation of phonological theories , * constraint ranking and interaction , eg . as in ot , * implementations of particular analyses , * results in the complexity of constraint application , * algorithms for learning constraints or constraint ranking , * results on the learnability of such constraints , * novel formalisms for constraint-based phonology , * representational issues raised by constraint-based approaches . in short , papers are invited which address computational issues in constraint-based theories of phonology . submission - - - - - - - - - what : original research , not published elsewhere a completed study is prefered to proposals and progress reports originality , topicality and clarity will be the assessment criteria how : submissions must be sent by email to sigphon98 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk when : may 10 submissions due may 25 notification of acceptance june 23 final ( accepted ) versions due submission format - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( note that apart from the medium and length sections , these requirements are as for submissions to coling-acl98 . ) medium : postscript , emailed to sigphon98 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk please check postscript compatibility using either ghostview , or by printing the postscript file before sending length : 7 pages maximum ( including references and appendices ) optional extra page for abstract in a second language paper size : please use a4 page-size typesetting : latex is encouraged , but not required . layout : set margins so that text lies centred within a rectangle of 6 . 5 x 9 inches ( 16 . 5 x 23 cm ) use times roman or computer modern font 11 to 12 point for text 14 to 16 point for headings and title centred page numbers in footers 2 columns after title and abstract figures may range across columns since reviewing will be blind , a separate identification notice should be emailed ( in ascii ) to sigphon98 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk . it should include : title author ( s ) name ( s ) affiliation ( s ) complete addresses abstract in english submission to other conferences ( ' none ' or list ) and author of record ( for correspondence ) . authors should not identify either themselves or their affiliations , either directly or indirectly in the body of the text ( the postscript file ) . authors should use the coling-acl98 style files and templates for preparing submissions ( see http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / styles . html ) . this will help ensure that the layout requirements are met , and that the effort required to format the final version will be minimized . registration - - - - - - - - - - - information about registration procedures will be available as soon as possible . organisation - - - - - - - - - - - organiser : t . mark ellison ( edinburgh ) organising / program committee : steven bird ( edinburgh ) jason eisner ( pennsylvania ) bruce tesar ( rutgers ) markus walther ( duesseldorf ) correspondence - - - - - - - - - - - - - should be sent to : sigphon98 centre for cognitive science edinburgh university 2 buccleuch place edinburgh eh8 9lw , uk tel . + 44 ( 131 ) 650-4416 fax . + 44 ( 131 ) 650-6626 email : sigphon98 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk web : http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ sigphon / 98
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2393,"Subject: special issue machine translation : final call for papers
 
 final call for papers the machine translation journal special issue on anaphora resolution in machine translation guest editor : ruslan mitkov ( university of wolverhampton ) the interpretation of anaphora is crucial for the successful operation of a machine translation system . in particular , it is essential to resolve the anaphoric relation when translating into languages which mark the gender of pronouns . unfortunately , the majority of mt systems developed in the seventies and eighties did not adequately address the problems of identifying the antecedents of anaphors in the source language and producing the anaphoric "" equivalents "" in the target language . as a consequence , only a limited number of mt systems have been successful in translating discourse , rather than isolated sentences . one reason for this situation is that in addition to anaphora resolution being itself a very complicated task , translation adds a further dimension to the problem in that the reference to a discourse entity encoded by a source language anaphor by the speaker ( or writer ) has not only to be identified by the hearer ( translator or translation system ) but also re-encoded in a coreferential expression in a different language . the nineties have seen an intensification of research efforts in anaphora resolution in machine translation . this can be seen in the growing number of related projects which have reported promising new results ( e . g . wada 1990 ; leass & schwall 1991 ; nakaiwa & ikehara 1992 ; chen 1992 ; saggion & carvalho 1994 ; preuss et al . 1994 ; nakaiwa et al . 1994 ; nakaiwa et al . 1995 ; nakaiwa & ikehara 1995 ; mitkov et al . 1995 ; mitkov et al . 1997 ; geldbach 1997 ) . however , we still feel that additional work is needed to highlight and further explore the specifics of the problem in operational mt environments , including fully automatic machine translation and machine - aided translation . we are inviting high-quality , original research papers describing recent advances in anaphora resolution in machine translation . topics to be addressed include ( but are not limited to ) - operational anaphora resolution components in machine translation - resolution of zero pronouns in mt environments - lexical transfer of anaphors across languages - to what extent have the latest trends towards knowledge-poor , corpus - driven and robust approaches in anaphora resolution , been called upon in machine translation ? - what are the most scalable contributory factors / resolution strategies in mt ? - what makes anaphora resolution a more complex task in machine translation ? - multilingual anaphora resolution submission and format articles should be submitted directly to the publishers , either by e-mail to ellen . klink @ wkap . nl , with the subject header "" submission to coat anaphora special issue "" , or in hard-copy to machine translation editorial office kluwer academic publishers p . o . box 990 3300 az dordrecht the netherlands or machine translation editorial office kluwer academic publishers p . o . box 230 accord , ma 02018-023 u . s . a . the submission deadline is 15 may 1998 . the journal is typeset using latex , so the preferred medium for submission of articles in electronic format is latex source ( using the kluwer style file ) or gzipped postscript . for more details , please consult the journal 's web pages : home page : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / journalhome . htm / 0922-6567 instructions for authors : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / kaphtml . htm / ifa0922-6567 latex style files : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / jrnlstyle . htm / 0922-6567 if submitting hard-copy , four copies of the paper are required . the length of the papers should be approximately 10-20 pages if using the kluwer style file ( around 20k words ) . authors are also requested to send a copy of an abstract of not more than 200 words to the guest editor r . mitkov @ wlv . ac . uk or in hard-copy to ruslan mitkov , school of languages and european studies , university of wolverhampton , stafford st . , wolverhampton wv1 1sb , united kingdom . guest editor : ruslan mitkov school of languages and european studies university of wolverhampton stafford st . wolverhampton wv1 1sb telephone ( 44-1902 ) 322471 fax ( 44-1902 ) 322739 email r . mitkov @ wlv . ac . uk guest editorial board : breck baldwin ( university of pennsylvania , philadelphia ) david carter ( sri international , cambridge ) guenter goerz ( university of nuernberg / erlangen ) lynette hirschman ( mitre , mclean ) richard kittredge ( university of montreal ) susan luperfoy ( mitre , mclean ) tony mcenery ( lancaster university ) ruslan mitkov ( university of wolverhampton ) frederique segond ( ranx xerox , grenoble ) harold somers ( umist , manchester ) keh - yih su ( national tsing hua university , taiwan ) yorick wilks ( university of sheffield )
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2394,"Subject: new reflections on grammaticalization
 
 universitat potsdam am neuen palais 10 , 14469 potsdam pd dr . ilse wischer institut fur anglistik / amerikanistik universitat potsdam , postfach 601553 , 14415 potsdam sekr . : ( + 49 ) 0331-977 - 2524 tel . : ( + 49 ) 0331-977 - 2533 fax : ( + 49 ) 0331-977 - 2069 e-mail : wischer @ rz . uni-potsdam . de call for papers april 1998 new reflections on grammaticalization an international symposium at potsdam university 17-19 june 1999 since meillet 's first mentioning of the term grammaticalization in 1912 several generations of scholars have contributed to a better understanding of this process of linguistic change . recent studies are closely connected with the names of paul hopper and elizabeth traugott . further major impulses came from a number of works in cologne , from an international symposium at the university of oregon at eugene in 1988 , or from empirical research based on computer corpora edited in a collective volume by matti rissanen et al . numerous publications and conference contributions in the last ten years have revealed a growing interest in the theory of grammaticalization . people have worked on several topics reaching from theoretical investigations on its status with respect to various theories of grammar up to its practical application to linguistic phenomena in many languages of the world . this has led , on the one hand , to new insights and a deeper understanding , it has also revealed , however , new questions that call for an answer and require further research . the aim of this symposium is to bring together scholars who are working in this area to present their findings and discuss such topics as e . g . whether there are two different types of grammaticalization , one on the propositional level and another one on the discourse level , whether there are convincing examples of the reversability of grammaticalization , what kind of relationship holds between grammaticalization and lexicalization , or which internal and external factors can accelerate or retard grammaticalization . papers are invited on all aspects related to grammaticalization in its synchronic or diachronic perspective , with respect to theoretical reflections or practical findings . studies based on linguistic phenomena in english are particularly welcome . academic programme : opening lecture : christian lehmann , university of bielefeld , germany plenary lectures ( so far ) : joan bybee , university of new mexico , united states talmy givn , university of oregon , united states bernd heine , university of cologne , germany ekkehard knig , free university berlin , germany social programme : there will be a conference dinner , a guided tour through the city of potsdam including a visit of one of its famous castles , a visit of the potsdam film studios or a boat tour on the havel . details about the social programme will be given in the 2nd circular . accomodation : accomodation will be in hotels in town at conference rates . a limited number of moderately priced rooms will be available in the guest house of the university . you will have to book the rooms on your own , mentioning your participation in the symposium . addresses will be given in the 2nd circular . about the city of potsdam and potsdam university : in 1993 brandenburg s capital celebrated the 1000th anniversary of its founding . potsdam 's distinctive appearance began to emerge when the town became the residence of prussian royalty . to this day the capital attracts many visitors . the grounds of the three royal parks , the palace of sans souci and the new palace , schinkel 's charlottenhof , an architectural gem , the cecilienhof palace as well as numerous churches and italianate villas continue to charm visitors today . cafs , restaurants , museums and galeries are an integral part of the capital 's unique cityscape . among 140 , 000 potsdamers , there are 11 , 000 university students , most of whom live in halls of residence on the outskirts of town . potsdam 's location could not be more ideal for leisure time activities : it is surrounded by forests , lakes and rivers and a short commuter train ride takes you to the nation 's nearby capital , berlin . since the last century , potsdam has been a centre for research in the natural sciences . today potsdam is again the home of respected research institutes . for a few years now it has also been a university town . the university of potsdam was founded on 15 july 1991 . located on three campuses - am neuen palais , golm and potsdam - babelsberg - the university absorbed most of the staff of brandenburg state college ( previously the potsdam college of education ) and a few members of the staff of the college of law and administration ( previously the academy of government and law of the gdr , dissolved in 1990 )
",0
2395,"Subject: germanic generative syntax newsletter
 
 germanic generative syntax newsletter , spring 1998 . call for contributions the editors of the germanic generative syntax newsletter invite contributions for the spring 1998 issue . we are especially interested in : - dissertation abstracts - book notices - calls for papers and conference announcements - conference reports - paper abstracts ( 15-20 lines max . ) - titles of unpublished papers - bibliographic details of articles that have appeared or will appear in edited volumes or working paper volumes all these contributions should be related to the field of germanic generative syntax . please send your contributions in ascii format to the following email address : zwart @ let . rug . nl deadline : may 21 , 1997 subscription information : the germanic generative syntax newsletter is published in electronic form and is distributed via email . to subscribe to the ggsn mailing list , send an email message to majordomo @ lists . uib . no with subscribe ggsn < your email address > in the body of the message . jan - wouter zwart editor
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2396,"Subject: generative approaches to sla iv
 
 second call for papers the university of pittsburgh department of linguistics and the carnegie mellon university department of modern languages present : the fourth international conference on generative approaches to second language acquisition iv september 25-26 - 27 , 1998 pittsburgh , pennsylvania , usa confirmed plenary speakers : o lydia white , mcgill university o usha lakshmanan , southern illinois university o peter gordon , university of pittsburgh all papers in generative approaches to sla are welcome , including interdisciplinary links with : second language sentence / input processing neuroimaging and second language acquisition links between language change , language contact , and sla links between generative approaches to sla and social / cognitive factors affecting sla please send 5 copies of an anonymous abstract ( single-spaced , 2 pages maximum including examples and references ) and a 3 x 5 index card with name ( s ) of author ( s ) , title of paper , affiliation , phone number , and e-mail address to : gasla iv 2816 cathedral of learning university of pittsburgh pittsburgh , pa 15260 usa no e - mail submissions , please deadline for abstracts : may 31 , 1998 deadline for pre - registration : september 5 , 1998 http : / / verb . linguist . pitt . edu / ~ gasla /
",0
2397,"Subject: multimedia indexing and retrieval
 
 acm sigir ' 98 post - conference workshop multimedia indexing and retrieval melbourne , australia , august 28 , 1998 call for participation background : this workshop will focus on the required functionality , techniques , and evaluation criteria for multimedia information retrieval systems . researchers have been investigating content-based retrieval from non-text sources such as images , audio and video . initially , the focus of these efforts were on content analysis and retrieval techniques tailored to a specific media ; more recently , researchers have started to combine attributes from various media . the goal of multimedia ir systems is to handle general queries such as "" find outdoor pictures or video of clinton and gore discussing environmental issues "" . answering such queries requires intelligent exploitation of both text / speech and visual content . multimedia ir is a very broad area covering both infrastructure issues ( e . g . efficient storage criteria , networking , client-server models ) and intelligent content analysis and retrieval . since this is a one-day workshop , we have chosen three focus areas in the intelligent analysis and retrieval area . about the workshop : the first focus of this workshop is on integrating information from various media sources in order to handle multimodal queries on large , diverse databases . an example of such a collection would be the www . in such cases , a query may be decomposed into a set of media queries , each involving a different indexing scheme . the interaction of various media sources that occur in the same context ( e . g . , text accompanying pictures , audio accompanying video ) is of special interest ; such interaction can be exploited in both the content analysis and retrieval phases . the second focus deals with examples of research using content and organization of multimedia information into semantic classes . users pose and expect a retrieval to provide answers to semantic questions . in practice this is difficult to achieve . building structures that encode semantic information in a fairly domain independent and robust manner is extremely difficult . a quick review of computer vision research over the last few years points to this difficulty . in many cases , image content can be used in conjunction with user interaction and domain specificity to retrieve semantically meaningful information . however , it is clear that retrieval by similarity of visual attributes when used arbitrarily cannot provide semantically meaningful information . for example , a search for a red flower by color red on a very heterogeneous database cannot be expected to yeild meaningful results . on the other hand retrieval of red flowers in a database of flowers can be achieved using color . in context therefore , examples of research using content and organization of multimedia information into semantic classes will be discussed . many systems , particularly image and video based ones require an example picture which can be used as a query ( alternatively , the user may be required to draw a picture ) . it may be unrealistic to expect an example image to be always available . thus , it would be useful to find ways of generating new queries . can nlp techniques be combined with computer vision techniques to generate such queries ? or can multimodal retrieval techniques be combined to create queries suitable for image , video and audio retrieval ? in general , a question is how can we create realistic queries for realistic systems . the third focus of this workshop is on evaluation techniques for multimedia retrieval . currently , most researchers are using the standard evaluation measures defined for text documents ; these need to be extended / modified for multimedia documents . there is also a high degree of subjectivity involved that needs to be addressed . we will focus on the following specific topics : - content analysis and retrieval from various media ( text , images , video , audio ) - interaction of modalities ( e . g . text , images ) in indexing , retrieval - effective user interfaces ( permitting query refinement etc . ) - evaluation methodologies for multimedia information . we have found that researchers pay insufficient attention to it . - techniques for relevance ranking - multimodal query formation / decomposition - logic formalisms for multimodal queries - indexing and retrieval from scanned documents - e . g extracting text from images , word spotting - as a retrieval technique for both handwritten and printed documents . - testbeds for evaluating multimodal retrieval : it would be nice to have some resource sharing here since annotating these , and coming up with a good query set are difficult participation : two types of participation are expected . those interested in making a presentation at this workshop should submit their full papers either in online postscript version or in hardcopy by regular mail to the address given below . the papers should not exceed 5 , 000 words , including figures , tables , and references . those interested in participating , but not presenting papers , should submit a statement of interest , not to exceed 500 words . this should clearly state what aspect ( s ) of the workshop reflect their research interest . these will be used to select panelists . both types of submissions are due on friday , june 5th . decisions will be made no later than friday , june 26th . in the case of paper submission , the final camera-ready papers are due on july 24th . working notes will be made available to all participants at the workshop . all the submissions should be sent to : prof . rohini k . srihari , cedar / suny at buffalo ub commons 520 lee entrance , suite 202 amherst , ny 14228 - 2583 rohini @ cedar . buffalo . edu organization : workshop chairs ( also program chairs ) rohini k . srihari , suny at buffalo ( rohini @ cedar . buffalo . edu ) zhongfei zhang , suny at buffalo ( zhongfei @ cedar . buffalo . edu ) r . manmatha , university of massachussetts ( manmatha @ cs . umass . edu ) s . ravela , university of massachussetts ( ravela @ cs . umass . edu ) program committee members : shih - fu chang ( columbia u . , usa ) david harper ( robert gordon university , u . k . ) alex hauptmann ( cmu , usa ) rakesh kumar ( sarnoff , usa ) desai narasimhalu ( isi , singapore ) candace sidner ( lotus , usa ) peter schauble ( eth , switzerland ) timetable : paper or statement of interest submission : june 5th , 1998 decision : july 3rd , 1998 camera - ready paper due : july 24th , 1998 sigir conference : august 24th - 28th , 1998 workshop : august 29th , 1998 further information : further questions may be directed to the address above , or go to the web page of this workshop at http : / / www . cedar . buffalo . edu / sigir98 / mmtr . html or the sigir conference main web page at http : / / www . cs . mu . oz . au / sigir98 /
",0
2398,"Subject: knowledge about language bibliography
 
 association for language awareness knowledge about language and language awareness : an annotated bibliography by richard aplin isbn 0 9530906 0 4 over 600 items listed descriptive annotations for books full indexing under auther name classified under : teaching materials language in education the study of language the study of the english language articles in periodicals works of reference price 10 pounds sterling ( post free in uk and europe ) 2 pounds extra for postage elsewhere available from richard aplin at the address below . please make cheques payable to association for language awareness - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | richard aplin | tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 116 252 3692 | university of leicester | school of education | fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 116 252 3653 | 21 university road | leicester le1 7rf | e-mail : trwa1 @ le . ac . uk - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
2399,"Subject: sla conference paris 1999
 
 call for papers xi th international conference "" acquisition of a foreign language : perspectives and research "" pragmatic uses & acquisition of foreign languages "" acquisition d ' une langue etrangere : perspectives et recherches "" usages pragmatiques et acquisition des langues etrangeres at the universite de la sorbonne nouvelle - paris iii april 15 - 17th 1999 theme second language acquisition in different contexts , pragmatic processes in sla , models of acquisition , social , cognitive , linguistic and affective dimensions in sla , didactic implications of research in sla . discussions will be held in the following workshops : workshops workshop 1 : communication strategies in classroom and / or naturalistic acquisition contexts . workshop 2 : variables reflecting contextualization and learning ( paralinguistic clues , prosody , lexicon ) workshop 3 : cognitive functions and verbal interactions in a learning context workshop 4 : types of discourse and sla workshop 5 : variety of didactic situations and sla * authors are asked to send 2 copies of their abstract in french ( max . 2 pages ) before june 15th 1998 . put your name , address and affiliation on 1 copy only . include title , information on methodology and corpus . specify the workshop in which your paper could be presented . * decisions on acceptance will be communicated on july 15 th 1998 . * complete paper ( hard-copy and disk ) must be received before november 30 th 1998 . max . 12 pages . all papers will be available on disk for the participants . * deadline for registrations : 13 / 2 / 1999 . maximum number of papers : 40 . all abstracts should be sent to : daniel veronique / francine cicurel colloque "" usages pragmatiques et acquisition des langues "" ufr didactique du francais langue etrangere 46 , rue saint - jacques 75230 paris cedex 05 telephone : ( 0 ) 1 40 46 29 25 fax : ( 0 ) 1-40 46 29 30 e-mail : daniel . veronique @ paris3 . sorbonne . fr e-mail : francine . cicurel @ paris3 . sorbonne . fr
",0
2400,"Subject: history of the phonetic sciences in the united states
 
 call for contributions a volume tentatively entitled "" a guide to the history of the phonetic sciences in the united states "" is being prepared for initial distribution at the xivth international congress of the phonetic sciences , to be held in san francisco , august 1 - 7 , 1999 . this book , edited by arthur bronstein , john ohala , and william weigel , will be the first of its kind and promises to be a reference work of continuing value . we seek volunteers to contribute short biographical entries ( c . 200 to 800 words ) including a bibliography on about 75 americans who have played a significant role in the development of the phonetic sciences . the deadline for submission is june 30 , 1998 . you can find a style sheet , a sample contribution , and a list of suggested subject individuals at our website : http : / / trill . berkeley . edu / icphs / history / in order to avoid duplication of effort , contributors should inform us as soon as possible ( preferably by email , at the following address ) of the subjects of their proposed contributions . for further information , please email us at : icphs99 @ trill . berkeley . edu or write to us at : icphs99 university of california department of linguistics 1203 dwinelle hall berkeley , ca 94720-2650
",0
2401,"Subject: fsmnlp ' 98 student grants
 
 call for participation the program for fsmnlp ' 98 international workshop on finite state methods in natural language processing is now available . the program and the text version of a registration form follows . more information as well as postscript and pdf forms of the registration form can be obtained from http : / / www . nlp . cs . bilkent . edu . tr / fsmnlp98 the program includes a one-day hands-on tutorial on finite state computing by dr . ken beesley of xerox research centre europe , on the 29th of june . in order to encourage attendance especially by full-time students pursuing programs in computational linguistics / natural language processing , we have limited funds that would ( i ) let us waive workshop registration fees for students if they register for and attend the tutorial , or ( ii ) let us waive half the workshop registration fee if they do not register for the tutorial if you are full-time student and would like to be considered for these options , please indicate so on your registration form and attach recently dated letter from your department confirming your full-stime student status to the registration form when you send it . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - fsmnlp ' 98 international workshop on finite state methods in natural language processing sponsored by eacl - european chapter of the association for computational linguistics , tubitak - turkish scientific and technological research council , nato science for stability program - tu-language project june 29 - july 1 , 1998 bilkent university ankara , turkey program june 29 , 1998 monday 9 : 00 - 18 : 00 tutorial a one - day practical introduction to finite - state computing instructor : ken beesley , xerox research centre europe grenoble , france scope : the course will include an introduction to regular languages , finite-state machines , finite state transducers , the xerox xfst interface , and the lexc compiler . participants will get hands-on experience with the software , using exercises in natural-language morphology and phonology . all instruction and documentation will be in english . target : linguists and computer scientists interested in how finite-state technology can be applied to natural language processing . prerequisites : participants should know some basic unix commands and be able to edit text files using an editor like emacs or vi . although we assume no previous experience in finite-state computing , finite-state computing is a kind of computer programming , and participants should have some kind of programming experience . tentative contents - a gentle introduction to finite - state automata finite - state machines regular languages lookup finite - state automata lookup and generation - key finite - state operations union intersection subtraction concatenation iteration composition - finite - state morphology / phonology morphotactics phonological / orthographical variation - xerox extended regular expressions the xfst interface the stack read regex apply up , apply down exercises : esperanto verbs - simple replace rules ( extended regular expressions ) rule exercises : kanpat , brazilian portuguese - review : lexicons , rules , composition , the stack lexicon + rules exercise : bambona - the lexc language and compiler lexicons , continuation classes interface exercises : esperanto nouns , adjectives - lexc plus replace rules exercise : irish lenition - other tools and tricks twolc ( "" two - level "" rules and morphology ) separated dependencies and composition exercise : esperanto ge - nouns other filtering via composition - a large system : finite - state arabic morphology lexical databases finite - state lexicon ( lexc ) separated dependencies ( replace - rule filters ) variation ( rules ) designing "" languages "" modifications , tags , character encodings overall lookup and generation www interface ( java ) - questions , review of exercises june 30 , 1998 tuesday 8 : 30 - - 9 : 30 registration 9 : 45 opening remarks 10 : 00 - 11 : 00 plenary talk the proper treatment of optimality in computational phonology lauri karttunen xrce grenoble , france 11 : 00 11 : 30 break regular papers morning session 11 : 30 12 : 30 context-free parsing through regular approximation mark - jan nederhof dfki saarbrucken germany does tagging help parsing ? a case study on finite state parsing atro voutilainen university of helsinki , finland 12 : 30 14 : 00 lunch afternoon session 1 14 : 00 15 : 30 robust parsing using a hidden markov model wide r . hogenhout yuji matsumoto nara institute of tech . japan incremental construction of minimal acyclic finite state automata and transducers jan daciuk , university of gdansk , poland bruce e . watson ribbit software , canada university of pretoria , south africa richard e . watson ribbit software , canada and treatment of e - moves in subset construction gertjan van noord groningen univ . the netherlands 15 : 30 - 16 : 00 break afternoon session 16 : 00 - 17 : 00 learning finite state models for language understanding david pico enrique vidal polytechnic university of valencia , spain a multilingual natural language interface to regular expressions aarne ranta xrce grenoble , france july 1 , 1998 wednesday morning session 10 : 00 - 12 : 00 implementing voting constraints with finite state transducers kemal oflazer gokhan tur bilkent university , turkey feature structures , unification and finite state transducers remi zajac crl / nmsu usa using genericity to create customizable finite state tools sandro pedrazzini marcus hoffman idsia switzerland constraining separated morphotactic dependencies in finite state grammars ken beesley xrce grenoble , france 12 : 00 13 : 30 lunch 13 : 30 16 : 30 visit to museum of anatolian civilizations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - fsmnlp ' 98 international workshop on finite state methods in natural language processing june 29 - july 1 , 1998 bilkent university ankara , turkey registration form last name : first name : organization : address : : : telephone : fax : e - mail : web page url : tutorial : june 29 1998 workshop june 30 - july 1 1998 [ ] tutorial registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . usd 40 [ ] workshop registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . usd 60 [ ] tutorial + workshop ( full - time students only ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . usd 40 [ ] workshop only ( full - time students only ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . usd 30 ( please attach a letter from your department confirming your full-time student status . ) total usd . . . workshop registration fee includes : copy of the proceedings , reception , coffee and tea during breaks , and visit to the museum of anatolian civilizations . social event : june 27 - 28 , 1998 [ ] visit to cappadocia region known for its lunar landscape , fairy-chimneys and underground cities . includes transportation , one night at a 3 * hotel , breakfast , and dinner , guided tour of all major sites . 99 usd / person * _ _ persons usd . . . accommodation [ ] hotel bilkent ( 4 * hotel on campus with transportation to the workshop site ) . special rates for workshop participants are ( including vat ) : single room usd 65 / night double room usd 80 / night i will arrive on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and depart on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hotel bill is payable during check-out . [ ] university dormitory room very close to workshop site , with shared showers and facilities . 1 person per room free of charge ( * * only linens and blankets will be provided . * * ) payment for the workshop registration and cappadocia trip can only be made by credit card . please provide the information below : card type visa [ ] mastercard / eurocard [ ] card number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ / _ _ my signature below will be considered to have been made on the applicable credit card or charge card bill form for the amount indicated for registration to fsmnlp ' 98 workshop . amount to be paid : usd _ _ _ _ name of the card holder : signature of the card holder : please send your registration forms by fax to fsmnlp ' 98 registration c / o kemal oflazer fax no : + 90 + 312-266 4126 or by mail to : fsmnlp ' 98 registration c / o kemal oflazer bilkent university department of computer engineering and info . sci . tr-06533 ankara turkey no electronic submissions will be possible as we have been requested to require signatures for credit card transactions .
",0
2402,"Subject: kornfilt : turkish
 
 jaklin kornfilt ( 1997 ) , turkish . london and new york : routledge . xxxi + 575 pp . 110 , us $ 180 . reviewed by steve seegmiller , montclair state university . jaklin kornfilt 's grammar of turkish ( hereafter referred to as turkish ) is the first new , comprehensive grammar of this language to be published in english in more than two decades . as such , its appearance is a significant event , especially since its author is a well known and respected authority on turkish . this is the latest title in the descriptive grammars series , edited by bernard comrie and published by routledge . the goals of the works in this series are different from those of most grammars : the descriptive grammars are intended for linguists rather than general users . all of the grammars in the series address the same issues in a uniform format so that a given feature may be easily compared across languages , and they contain information of a sort that is often absent from more traditional grammars . toward the end of the review i will comment briefly on the potential utility of this grammar for non-linguists , but for the most part i will focus on usefulness of the grammar for linguists . the descriptive grammars series now includes nearly 30 titles . according to the editorial preface , the series gives preference to languages for which comprehensive descriptions are not presently available ( iv ) . the aim of the series is to provide information to linguists who are interested in language typology , language universals , and comparative grammar , employing a terminology and a notation that will make the information accessible to linguists regardless of their particular specialization or orientation . authors of the grammars in the series are expected to organize their descriptions as answers to a series of questions ( originally published in lingua vol . 42 , no . 1 , 1977 ) . turkish contains over 600 pages , including the prefatory material , the table of contents , and the bibliography . the grammatical description alone amounts to just over 550 pages . it is thus roughly twice as long as lewis ( 1967 ) and about 100 pages longer than underhill ( 1976 ) . the book contains five chapters of widely varying lengths . chapter 1 ( syntax ) contains 211 pages , chapter 2 ( morphology ) 270 pages , chapter 3 ( phonology ) 32 pages , chapter 4 ideophones and interjections ) just 3 pages , and chapter 5 ( lexicon ) 16 pages . thus approximately 90 per cent of the book is devoted to morphology and syntax . furthermore , a good deal of the information in the morphology chapter deals with syntactic matters , giving the book an especially heavy bias toward syntax . . this distribution of information no doubt reflects both the interests of the author and the current emphasis of typological research . the chapters on phonology and the lexicon are both very well done and very useful ( more on this below ) , but they do not address all of the issues that might be of interest to a phonologist or a lexical semanticist . a notable feature of the book is the extensive and detailed table of contents . it is eleven pages long and , used in conjunction with the fourteen-page index , provides easy access to the an extensive body of information about turkish . how well does turkish accomplish its goals ? i think it handles syntax and morphology marvelously well , phonology and the lexicon adequately , and ideophones and interjections in a cursory fashion . the chapters on syntax and morphology provide the best , most detailed descriptions of these parts of the language available . the analyses are up to date and insightful , and kornfilt has done a superb job of bringing clarity to some of the most difficult parts of the language . in concept and terminology , the description straddles the line between generative and traditional or non-generative approaches . for instance , kornfilt uses the terms ' possessive adjective ' ( 105 ) and 'd emonstrative adjective ( 106 ) rather than the more usual ' possessive ' and 'd emonstrative . ' similarly , the descriptions are stated in terms of surface phenomena and grammatical constructions and not in any recognizable theoretical framework . this is probably the right choice , given the diverse backgrounds of the probable users of the grammar . the range of coverage is broad and thorough . kornfilt deals with sentence types , both simple and complex ; with negation and questions ; with grammatical categories and phrase types ; and with most of the other grammatical phenomena that might interest linguists . the morphology chapter contains information not just on inflection and derivation , but also on the uses of the various morphological forms . cross - referencing is extensive , making it easy for the reader to find all of the relevant information on a topic even if it is not found in the same section of the book . this approach of interrelating syntax and morphology is very useful and allows kornfilt to clarify some of the cloudy areas of turkish grammar . perhaps most notable are her treatments of the participial and nominal systems and their relation to subordination ( pp . 323-413 and at various places in chapter 1 ) . finite subordination is rare in turkish . a far more frequent pattern of subordination involves the use of a participial or nominalized verbal stem . the complexity of the system is mind-boggling to students of the language , but kornfilt 's description makes it coherent and intelligible . her treatment of other aspects of turkish morphology and syntax are equally well done . a very useful feature of turkish is the inclusion of information about what does * not * occur in the language . this is often essential information for linguists ( whether studying typology , syntax , or morphology ) and is rarely included in more traditional grammars . thus we find on page 104 the statement that postpostitions govern only one case ( with the lone exception of ' kadar ' ) . in lewis ( 1967 ) , this information can be inferred from the discussion of cases on pages 85-95 , but it is not so easy to find and not so categorically stated . there are many similar examples , especially in the syntax chapter . the chapter on phonology is short , clear , and precise , but it does not contain the amount of detail found in the syntax and morphology chapters . while the information presented will be adequate for many purposes , phonologists will no doubt wish for more elaborate discussions of issues like vowel harmony , stress assignment , and phonological ( or morphophonemic ) alternations . i found one omission in this chapter . on page 491 , the final devoicing rule is described as applying to syllable-final plosives and affricates , yet on page 487 there are examples of final devoicing of liquids as well , described as being standard but not universal . a cross-reference would have been useful here . for the most part , transcriptions in the phonology chapter follow the ipa norms . one exception , though , is the transcription of palatalized consonants by means of a comma rather than a raised j . ' while this may have been done for typographical reasons , it might confuse a casual user . chapter 4 , ideophones and interjections , is only 3 pages long and provides only the briefest commentary on these phenomena . while many linguists ( myself included ) will not mind the short shrift given to these topics , some will no doubt be disappointed that the list of ideophones occupies less than a page and a half . chapter 5 , lexicon , is a short but interesting sample of the lexicon of turkish . the chapter contains lists of words organized by semantic field . these include kinship terminology , color terms , body parts , and cooking terminology . also included is a list of just over 200 items of "" basic vocabulary , "" which seems to correspond to the so-called swadesh list . linguists interested in historical linguistics and language classification will be grateful to find this set of words conveniently collected together . setting aside some minor qualifications , as a reference work on turkish for linguists , turkish has no equal . it is more comprehensive , more up to date , and more effectively organized than any other description of the language . the method of organization , as well as the detailed table of contents and the index , make a wealth of information available almost instantaneously . it is , simply put , an admirable reference work on turkish for linguists . the same can not be said about the utility of turkish for non-linguists . there are two main reasons why the book will not be accessible to non-linguistic audiences . first , kornfilt assumes familiarity with linguistic terminology . in the very first paragraph on page 1 , for example , she uses the terms ' nominalized clause ' and ' constituent clause , ' neither of which is likely to be familiar to non-linguists . second , turkish presupposes an interest in and a knowledge of certain linguistic questions . kornfilt has little to say , for example , about questions of stylistic variation , formal versus colloquial speech , or any of a range of topics that the typical student or scholar of turkish might be interested in . this is not really a criticism , since the descriptive grammar series has a well defined audience that excludes non-linguists . nevertheless , it is unfortunate that the grammar will not be useful to a wider audience . it will supplement but will not replace lewis ( 1976 ) and underhill ( 1976 ) . i have just two complaints about turkish . first , there is a relatively large number of errors and inconsistencies . most are minor and consist of missing ' - s 's on verbs , using ' of ' for ' or , ' etc . , but some will cause confusion . on page 27 , for example , turkish is described as a 's ubject-verb - object language . ' ( it is actually s - o - v . ) a sentence on page 30 , which addresses the of question whether pied-piping of postpositions is obligatory , leaves the reader unsure of the answer . there are also some contradictions . on page 142 , the claim is made that the reflexive can never occur in subject position , but on page 305 we learn that the reflexive can occur as an honorific subject and on page 542 three references are given to works that discuss reflexive subjects in subordinate clauses . other inconsistencies are found in the bibliography , where some turkish titles are translated into english and others are not . the author is aware of some of the errors and has prepared an addendum which contains a short list of errata , but many of the errors that i found are not included . the addendum is available free of charge from the author or the publisher . my other complaint concerns the cost of turkish . at us $ 180 , the grammar is unlikely to find its way into many private libraries . this is unfortunate ; since the book is so useful , linguists interested in turkish will want to have it close at hand . references lewis , g . l . ( 1967 ) , turkish grammar . oxford : oxford university press . underhill , robert ( 1976 ) , turkish grammar . cambridge , ma , and london : mit press . steve seegmiller is interested universal and comparative grammar . he has been working on turkish and the other turkic languages for many years , and published the first grammar in english of the turkic language karachay . he is presently at work on a comparative syntax of english and japanese . steve seegmiller linguistics department montclair state university upper montclair , nj 07043 u . s . a . e - mail : seegmillerm @ alpha . montclair . edu
",0
2403,"Subject: review of perez - leroux & glass ( ed ) contemporary perspectives . . .
 
 ana teresa perez-leroux and william r glass , editors . 1997 . _ contemporary perspectives on the acquisition of spanish _ . volume 1 : developing grammars edited by perez - leroux and glass , 217 + xi pp ( isbn 1-57473 - 016 - 9 ) ; volume 2 : production , processing , and comprehension edited by glass and perez - leroux , 166 + xi pp ( isbn 1-57473 - 017 - 7 ) . cascadilla press , somerville , ma . ( set : isbn 1-57473 - 015 - 0 ) lc : pc4074 . 85 . c66 1997 . reviewed by h . stephen straight , < sstraigh @ binghamton . edu > this two-volume work contains nineteen papers ( seventeen in english , two in spanish ) by an international set of 31 authors ( including eighteen at us universities and five each at universities in spain & canada ) , ranging in length from fifteen to 34 pages . they comprise revised versions of papers delivered at a conference held at pennsylvania state university in october 1995 . with separate sections on child and adult language acquisition ( 5 papers each ) and on second language production ( 5 papers ) and comprehension and input processing ( 4 papers ) , this work provides exactly the current and wide-ranging overview of issues suggested by its title . prominent senior scholars ( such as james p lantolf , james f lee , juana liceras , susana lopez - ornat , barbara lust , and bill vanpatten ) lend the work a rightful air of authority , while numerous junior contributors ( including a dozen phd candidates ) provide a welcome promise of more good work to come . highlights include lopez - ornat 's fascinating case study of the role of spanish - specific morphological patterning in l1 emergence of nominal and verbal forms and functions ( 1 : 3-20 ) , virginia c mueller gathercole & cecilia montes 's paradigm-challenging study of the emergence in bi - and monolingual children of grammaticality judgments regarding the opposing que / * that complementizer patterns in wh-extracted embedded clauses ( 1 : 75-95 ) , christina sanz 's finely nuanced account of the changing role of controlled versus automatized processes in l2 production as a function of performance task variables ( 2 : 41-56 ) , jeffrey reeder 's remarkable findings regarding the dissociation of phonetic perceptual skill and pronunciation accuracy in both beginning and advanced second language learners ( 2 : 77-90 ) , and bill vanpatten 's authoritative overview of his path-breaking research on input processing in second language learning and teaching ( 2 : 93-108 ) . specialist readers will appreciate the currency , range , and depth of the studies presented here . they will also appreciate their overall quality , rare in a collection of conference papers . both volumes contain a comprehensive index of mentioned authors and topics , while notes and full lists of references appear as they should at the end of each paper . advanced students will find the expositions quite uniformly accessible and clear , and the findings well presented and thoroughly discussed . the editors and anonymous reviewers did their jobs well . non - specialist readers will however find these volumes rather heavy going . although all of the papers successfully avoid jargon-mongering , even papers with enticing titles like "" the function of language play in the acquisition of l2 spanish "" ( james p lantolf , 2 : 3-24 ) contain theoretical discussion of great erudition and the analysis of empirical data of considerable complexity . ( lantolf 's 75 - item list of references includes works by vera john - steiner , alexei leontiev , david olson , lev vygotsky , and other important authors usually neglected in l2 research . ) although few readers will find all of the papers of interest , every paper makes a contribution to our understanding of its topic , and taken together these volumes contain something worth the close attention of every conceivable reader in linguistics , developmental and experimental psycholinguistics , and second language theory and pedagogy . given the longstanding facts of 1 ) the prominence of spanish as a national language in the new world , 2 ) the preeminence of spanish as the first language of bilinguals in the us , and 3 ) the ubiquity ( and , more recently , the predominance ) of spanish and english as the languages studied in schools and colleges throughout the americas , spanish language acquisition and spanish - english child and adult bilingualism ought to be among the most common and well-supported areas of basic and applied psycholinguistic research . without going into the cultural , economic , and political factors that have held back such research , and that have pushed the study of spanish - english bilingualism almost entirely into the politically charged domain of ( mostly spanish - subtractive ) "" bilingual education "" , we can be grateful to p&g for bringing together an impressive array of high-quality studies that should stimulate many to pay more attention to these widely available sources of data on critical issues in l1 and l2 acquisition theory and in the psycholinguistics ( as opposed to the sociolinguistics ) of bilingualism . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ h stephen straight ( phd chicago 1972 ) , professor of anthropology and of linguistics , directs the programs in linguistics and in languages across the curriculum at binghamton university ( suny ) , where he has taught since 1970 . his research includes study of yucatec maya l1 acquisition , comparative sociolinguistics , translation theory , l2 pedagogy , multilingual education , and the role of the reception-expression dialectic in models of language and cognitive processes .
",0
2404,"Subject: the evaluation of parsing systems - workshop call for papers
 
 the evaluation of parsing systems a workshop jointly organised by the cec language engineering 1 projects sparkle and ecran to be held at the first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 26 may 1998 this workshop will provide a forum for researchers interested in the development and evaluation of natural language grammars and parsing systems , and in the creation of syntactically annotated reference corpora . organisers : john carroll , roberto basili , nicoletta calzolari , robert gaizauskas , gregory grefenstette workshop scope and aims the aim of this workshop is to provide a forum for discussion of evaluation methods for parsing systems , and proposals for the development of syntactically annotated language resources . with increased attention to evaluation of component technology in language engineering , evaluation of parsing systems is rapidly becoming a key issue . numerous methods have been proposed and while one , the parseval / penn treebank scheme , has gained wide usage , this has to some extent been due to the absence of workable alternatives rather than to whole-hearted support . parseval / ptb evaluation has several limitations and drawbacks , including a commitment to a particular style of grammatical analysis , and oversensitivity to certain innocuous types of misanalysis while failing to penalise other common types of more serious mistake . also , the original published description of the scheme - - and the evaluation software widely distributed as a follow-up to it - - is specific to the english language . it may be that there are currently no alternative more workable schemes or proposals , but this needs to be more fully discussed : this workshop will provide an opportunity for such a debate . this workshop is particularly timely given the large number of cec language engineering projects that involve parsing in one form or another and which need to evaluate and share the results of their efforts . parsing is an essential part of many larger applications , such as information extraction , which have gained in importance over the last few years . often in such systems , the strength of the parser and grammar has a direct effect on the desired results , and thus achieving good results rests on being able to determine and improve weaknesses in the parser / grammar . without a reliable parser evaluation method this cannot be done effectively . a parsing evaluation workshop is also appropriate at this time given the imminent creation of large-scale syntactically annotated resources for european languages . contributions from those involved in such activities are welcomed , so as to improve communication between the resource construction and the resource utilisation communities . this should ensure that the resources constructed are maximally useful to the general language engineering community . the organisation of this workshop brings together two european language engineering projects which are closely related and whose partners share similar research interests : sparkle and ecran . the organisers solicit contributions from the general community on the following topics : - descriptions of generic syntactic annotation schemes - methodologies and metrics for parsing system evaluation - reports and analyses of the results of utilising particular parser evaluation schemes - description / analysis / experience of language-dependent ( especially for languages other than english ) and task-dependent syntactic annotation schemes programme committee roberto basili gregory grefenstette ted briscoe mark hepple nicoletta calzolari tony mcenery john carroll maria teresa pazienza roberta catizone paola velardi robert gaizauskas yorick wilks paper submission papers should not exceed 4000 words or 10 pages . submission may be in either hard copy or electronic form . the submission deadline is february 15th , 1998 . hard copy submission : three copies of the paper should be sent to : dr john carroll cognitive and computing sciences university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh uk electronic submission : electronic submission may be in either self-contained latex , postscript , or rtf formats , to john . carroll @ cogs . susx . ac . uk . for each submission - - whether hard copy or electronic - - a separate plain ascii text email message should be sent to john carroll , containing the following information : # name : name of first author # title : title of the paper # pages : number of pages # note : any relevant instructions # keys : keywords # email : email of the first author # abstr : abstract of the paper . . . . . . important dates paper submission deadline ( hard copy / electronic ) february 15th notification of acceptance march 10th camera - ready papers due april 10th workshop may 26th conference information general information about the conference is at : http : / / www . icp . inpg . fr / elra / conflre . html specific queries about the conference should be directed to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain tel : + 34 58 24 41 00 - fax : + 34 58 24 41 04 reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es
",0
2405,"Subject: language resources and evaluation
 
 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = call for paper adapting lexical and corpus resources to sublanguages and applications granada may 26 , 1998 this workshop will be held in conjunction with the first international conference on language resources and evaluation ( lrec ) , to be held in granada , spain on may 28 - 30 , 1998 . the workshop will provide a forum for those researchers involved in the development of methods to integrate corpora and mrds , with the aim of adding adaptive capabilities to existing linguistic resources . workshop scope and aims lexicons , i . e . , those components of a nlp system that contain "" computable "" information about words , cannot be considered as static objects . words may behave very differently in different domains , and there are language phenomena that do not generalize across sublanguages . lexicons are a snapshot of a given stage of development of a language , normally providedwithout support for adaptation changes , whether caused by language creativity and development or the shift to such a previously unencountered domain . the divergence of corpus usage 's from lexical norms has been studied computationally at least since the late sixties , but only recently has the availability of large on-line corpora made it possible to establish methods to cope systematically with this problem . an emerging branch of research is now involved in studies and experiments on corpus-driven linguistics , with the aim of complementing and extending earlier work on lexicon acquisition based on machine readable dictionaries ( mrd ) : data are extracted from texts , as embodiments of language in use , so as to capture lexical regularities and to code them into operational forms . the purpose of this workshop will be to provide an updated snapshot of current work in the area , and promote discussion of how to make progress . central topics will be ( though this list is in no way exclusive ) : * corpus-driven tuning of mrds to optimize domain-specific inferences , * terminology and jargon acquisition , * sense extensions , * acquisition of preference or subcategorization information from corpora * taxonomy adaptation , * staistical weighting of senses etc . to domains * use of mrds to provide explanations of linguistic phenomena in corpora * what is the scope of "" lexical tuning "" * the evaluation of lexical tuning as a separate task , or as part of a more generic task organizers : roberto basili ( university of roma "" tor vergata "" ) , roberta catizone ( university of sheffield ) , maria teresa pazienza ( university of roma "" tor vergata "" ) , paola velardi ( university of roma "" la sapienza ) , yorick wilks ( university of sheffield ) preliminary program committee yorick wilks university of sheffield roberta catizone university of sheffield paola velardi university of roma "" la sapienza "" maria teresa pazienza university of roma "" tor vergata "" roberto basili university of roma "" tor vergata "" bran boguraev brandeis university sergei nirenburg new mexico state university james pustejowsky brandeis university ralph grishman new york university christiane fellbaum princeton university paper submission formatting guidelines : papers should not exceed 4000 words or 10 pages . hard copies : three hard copies should be sent to : paola velardi dipartimento di scienza dell ' informazione via salaria 113 00198 roma italy electronic submission : electronic submission will be allowed in poscript or word per mac or rtf . an ftp site will be available on demand . authors should send an info email to paola velardi ( velardi @ dsi . uniroma1 . it ) even if they submit in paper form . an electronic submission should be accompanied by a plain ascii text . # name : name of first author # title : title of the paper # pages : number of pages # files : name of file ( if also submitted electronically ) # note : anything you 'd like to add # keys : keywords # email : email of the first author # abstr : abstract of the paper important dates paper submission deadline ( hard copy / electronic ) february 20 paper notification march 20 camera - ready papers due april 15 l&ct workshop may 26 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = prof . paola velardi dipartimento di scienza dell ' informazione via salaria 113 universita ' "" la sapienza "" 00198 roma ph . + 39 - ( 0 ) 6-49918356 fax + 39 - ( 0 ) 6-8541842 8841964
",0
2406,"Subject: tsd98 - - 3rd call for papers
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - please pay attention : deadline for submissions is may , 15 ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - third announcement and call for papers a workshop on text , speech and dialog ( tsd ' 98 ) brno , czech republic , 23-26 september 1998 the workshop is organized by the faculty of informatics , masaryk university , brno , and the faculty of applied sciences , university of west bohemia , pilsen , under the auspices of the dean of the faculty of informatics of masaryk university . please visit the workshop 's homepage : http : / / www . fi . muni . cz / tsd98 / venue brno , czech republic topics tsd ' 98 will be concerned with topics in the field of natural language processing , in particular : - corpora , texts and transcription - speech analysis , recognition and synthesis - their intertwining within nl dialog systems . topics of the workshop will include ( but are not limited to ) : - text corpora and tagging - transcription problems in spoken corpora - sense disambiguation - links between text and speech oriented systems - parsing issues , especially parsing problems in spoken texts - multilingual issues , especially multilingual dialog systems - information retrieval and text / topic summarization - speech modeling - speech segmentation - speech recognition - text - to-speech synthesis - dialog systems - development of dialog strategies - assistive technologies based on speech and dialog - applied systems and software program committee baudoin genevieve ( france ) ferencz attila ( romania ) hanks patrick ( great britain , chair ) hermansky hynek ( usa ) kopecek ivan ( czech republic ) krishnamurthy ramesh ( great britain ) matousek vaclav ( czech republic ) mueller johannes ( germany ) noeth elmar ( germany ) pala karel ( czech republic ) pavesic nikola ( slovenia ) rubio antonio ( spain ) schukat - talamazzini e . guenter ( germany ) skrelin pavel ( russia ) organizing committee bartek ludek batusek robert komarkova dana ( secretary ) e-mail : dkomar @ fi . muni . cz kopecek ivan ( chair ) e-mail : kopecek @ fi . muni . cz matousek vaclav pala karel smrz pavel staudek jan zackova eva ( principal contact ) e-mail : glum @ fi . muni . cz zizka jan submission of papers abstracts of no more than 500 words [ plain ascii text only , please ] should be submitted to the following e-mail address on or before may 15 , 1998 : glum @ fi . muni . cz submissions should include , in addition to the abstract itself , the name of the author ( s ) , affiliation , address , telephone number , fax number , and e-mail address . electronic submissions will be acknowledged by e-mail , so please contact us if no acknowledgement is received . acceptance of submissions will likewise be notified by e-mail . accepted papers will be published in the proceedings of tsd ' 98 . authors of abstracts that are accepted will be requested to send their papers in postscript form ( in llncs format ) to the above by e-mail before august 17th . latex word processor is preferred but not required . format instructions ( and llncs latex format ) will be sent to authors together with the notification of acceptance . requests for participation will be processed on a "" first come first served "" basis . important dates friday , may 15 , 1998 . . . . . submissions of abstracts due tuesday , june 30 , 1998 . . . . . notification of acceptance sent to the authors monday , august 17 , 1998 . . . . . final papers ( camera ready ) due wednesday , september 23 , 1998 . . . . . . workshop date fees and costs registration fee : 80 . - usd ( includes proceedings , refreshments , social events and trip ) accommodation and food : double room ( shared with other participant ) : 130 . - usd single room : 190 . - usd the full cost of the workshop will therefore be either 210 , - usd or 270 , - usd , depending on whether accommodation is shared . further details will be announced later . official language the official language of the event will be english , but papers on issues relating to text and speech processing in languages other than english are strongly encouraged . address all correspondence regarding the workshop should be addressed to : dana komarkova faculty of informatics masaryk university botanicka 68a 60200 brno czech republic tel . : + 420 5 41 512 359 fax : e-mail : dkomar @ fi . muni . cz outline of the programme all sessions of the workshop will be plenary ( no parallel sessions ) . the format will consist of paper presentations ( generally 20 minutes ) followed by discussion ( 10 minutes ) . the workshop will also include social events , an excursion to the faculty of informatics , masaryk university brno , and a trip in the vicinity of brno ( the moravian karst , including the beautiful macocha chasm ) . location hotel myslivna , where the workshop will take place , is a comfortable hotel in beautiful woods on a hill near a natural reservation area very close to brno . the surrounding is very quiet and suitable for walks and hiking ( jogging ) routes . brno is the capital of moravia , which is in the south-east part of the czech republic . it is the second-largest town in the czech republic ( with a population of about half a million ) . it had been a royal city since 1347 . there are six universities in brno . historical and artistic places of interest include : - - brno castle ( now called spilberk ) - - veveri castle - - the old and new city halls - - the augustine monastery , with st thomas ' church and crypt of moravian margraves - - the church of st james - - the "" bishops ' church "" of st peter & st paul - - the famous villa tugendhadt , designed by mies van der rohe - - many other important examples of czech architecture between the wars ( 1918-38 ) . in the immediate surroundings of brno are the moravian karst . with macocha chasm and punkva caves ; the site of the "" battle of the three emperors "" ( napoleon , alexander of russia , and franz of austria ) , commonly known as the battle of austerlitz ; the chateau of slavkov ( austerlitz ) ; pernstejn castle ; and many other attractions . how to reach brno brno can be reached easily by direct trains from prague , vienna , bratislava , and budapest , or by plane to vienna and then by coach or train ( 130 km ) . another possibility is to go by plane to prague and then travel about 200 km by coach or train . further travel details will be given in future announcements . please accept our apologies if you receive multiple copies of this cfp : it was sent to several mailing-lists .
",0
2407,"Subject: call : nystesol applied linguistics winter conference
 
 first call for proposals ( please forward to interested lists and individuals ) 21st annual nystesol applied linguistics winter conference lehman college / cuny bronx , ny saturday , january 23rd , 1999 esol standards : achievements , assessments - - - - - - - keynote speaker : eric nadelstern of the international h . s . at laguardia community college , queens will talk on "" performance - based assessment standards for esol students and their teachers . "" - - - - - - - proposals due : * * * weds . sept . 23 * * * mail to ms . bhar arsoy , proposal chair fort george station , ps box 251 new york , ny 10040 general suggested topics * academic achievement of esol students in language learning and other content areas * articulation efforts across grades or levels * standards for admission , retention , promotion , and graduation of esol students and their impact at all levels of education * assessment practices , models , and instruments for esol students in language learning and other content areas : analyses , innovations , and critiques * esol teacher education : standards for entrance , retention , promotion , and graduation * using technology to support and assess achievement * achieving and assessing progmatic and sociolinguistic development instructions for proposal submissions : please follow exactly ! individual papers , workshops , and publishers demonstrations are alloted 45 minutes ( publishers and other commercial presenteras are required to pay the exhibitor 's fee ) panel sessions ( several speakers - - one theme ) can be scheduled as either one 45 minute session or one 1 1 / 2 hour session . all presenters must register for the conference . while all presentations will be considered , those which deal directly with the topic will be given preference . 1 . submit 8 copies of a summary of your proposals , maximum length 1 page double spaced . neither your name nor affiliation should appear anywhere on these 8 copies . however , in the upper left hand corner of each copy , you should give the following information : ( 1 ) title , ( 2 ) type of presentation ( paper , workshop , publisher , or panel ) ; ( 3 ) length ( 45 min . or 1 1 / 2 hours ) ; ( 4 ) intended audience ( s ) ( prek , elementary , secondary , adult , higher ed , bilingual , mainstream , teacher educators , materials / curriculum developers , researchers ) ; and ( 5 ) av equipment needed 2 . on a 9th copy ( identical to the copies in # 1 ) , in the upper-right hand corner , place your name , affiliation , mailing address , phone , fax & e-mail , and times you will not be available to present on january 23 ( a . m . or p . m , ) 3 . in addition , submit a 50 word ( max ) abstact of your presentation to appear in the conference program . include the name ( s ) of presenter ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , title and type of presnation , length , and intended audience ( s ) . 4 . absolutely no e-mail or faxes accepted . snail mair only . please ensure that your proposal packet reaches the proposal chair no later than wed . . sept . 23 , 1998 . questions should be addressed to dr . joye smith , alsig chair 718 960 7242 5 . some presentations submitted may look promissing , but the summary and title are occasionally unclear , unattractive to the intended audience or inconsistent with one another . please make every effort to create clear , well-written , engaging , and appropriate titles and summaries . please forward this message to interested lists or individuals michael newman assistant professor of applied linguistics dept . of linguistics and communications disorders queens college / cuny flushing , ny 11367
",0
2408,"Subject: creating sense
 
 * * * second call for papers * * * creating sense : texts and realities organized by the department of english language & literature national university of singapore with cambridge university press and materials development association ( matsda ) 7 - 9 september , 1998 venue : orchard hotel , singapore keynote presenters : david nunan ( university of hong kong ) liz hamp - lyons ( hong kong polytechnic university ) mario rinvolucri ( pilgrims , canterbury ) jane arnold ( university of seville ) our conference web-site : http : / / nusinfo . nus . sg / nusinfo / fass / ell / createsense98 * * * call for papers * * * the conference organisers invite papers , both theoretical and practical , that explore and characterise some of the main ways in which language is used to create "" sense "" in contemporary life . we encourage papers that present recent developments and address significant theoretical issues in studies of language and discourse , and that explore ideas and applications in the broad domains of language education and media studies . parallel papers will last for 30 minutes , with 10 additional minutes for discussion . * * * call for workshops * * * the organisers invite proposals for 3 - hour afternoon workshop sessions , from intending conference participants ( not only paper presenters ) who are willing to take on the role of workshop leader . the main aim of workshops is to provide participants with opportunities to become actively involved in developing , adapting or evaluating educational materials in language education and media studies , on topics related to the major theoretical issues arising from the conference theme . workshops can be planned for 3 , 6 , or 9 hours . please send abstracts of about 200 words to the programme committee , in accordance with the guidelines that follow . write or ( preferably ) e-mail to : programme committee ( attention : d . allison ) "" creating sense "" conference department of english language & literature national university of singapore 10 kent ridge crescent singapore 119260 departmental fax : ( 65 ) - 7732981 e - mail : ellconlk @ nus . edu . sg guidelines for submissions : your abstract must specify the category ( paper or workshop ) of the proposed presentation . please submit three anonymous copies of the abstract ( including the title of your paper or workshop ) for review purposes , plus a fourth copy that includes the author 's name and affiliation . please also include a notecard ( size 3 "" by 5 "" ) , stating author 's name , affiliation , title of paper or workshop , contact telephone and fax numbers , e-mail address , and postal address . paper presenters are asked to specify any special requirements for their presentation . ( all rooms will have overhead projectors . ) workshop presenters are asked to specify the intended length of the workshop ( a workshop may run for 3 , 6 or 9 hours ) and to specify any special requirements for their workshop session . deadline for abstracts : 15 may 1998 replies will be sent by end may 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - conference theme - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the focus of this conference will be on notions of "" creating "" or "" making "" sense , both in education and more widely throughout society . "" making sense "" sounds reassuringly uncontroversial , and it has taken the insights of jerome bruner in the 1960s , and of michael halliday and his associates in recent years , to bring out the richness of meaning that this expression can carry . it is now widely accepted that sense is not simply "" there "" in the world , waiting to be discovered and documented , but that it is actually created by human beings in societies . the idea that "" reality "" is "" created "" in language also implies that there must be more than one reality , and that a number of realities can be articulated and compared . these possibilities carry major implications for language education , social identity and participation - - or , less reassuringly , for educational and social exclusion . the thematic emphasis of this conference on "" creating sense "" , then , includes the essential notions that any single form of sense can also be questioned and "" unmade "" , and that alternative kinds of sense can be remade or "" re-created "" through texts . making , unmaking and remaking meanings are fundamental aspects of social and educational experience , from infancy through primary and secondary school years and beyond , continuing into adulthood and maturity . much education has to do with learning to think , talk and write about things in ways that differ from the initial "" commonsense "" knowledge or belief that children have already acquired in their communities . to bring this about without undermining what is valid and valued in children 's lives is an enormously challenging and problematic social and cultural activity . that it is also a necessary one can be argued both in terms of mainstream rationality ( the development of scientific thinking being a prime example here ) and of critical awareness , which includes learning to deconstruct powerful people 's accounts of how the world is and ought to be , and to propose alternative accounts . full participation in social and political life is only possible when people have learned , as ronald carter has put it , how to "" see through language "" . these concerns over creating , questioning and re-creating sense are explored in this conference in relation to two domains , those of language education and media studies . in the context of formal education , learners have both to discern meaning in what is offered to them and actively to make "" their own "" meanings as they interpret and analyse experience from a variety of perspectives which may be proposed to them or discovered by them . all this raises important issues of participation and exclusion relating to learners ' personal and social explorations of language , and the ways in which these two modes of exploration may be related . the conference will pursue these concerns in the broad context of language education as its first domain . the second conference domain is that of media studies , with particular attention to media discourse and reality construction . the conference seeks to bring to light some of the ways in which realities , like stories , are invented , told , represented and mediated through available technologies . diverse experiences and accounts of reality are constructed through the interplay of language and image . these can , for instance , be presented as fantasies , fictional explorations of experience , docu-dramas or documentary coverage of events , among other things . the impact of such accounts on audiences and "" the public "" depends on many social , cultural and educational factors , but the need for modern citizens to be able to make their own sense of accounts that are offered to them , and also to offer accounts of their own , increasingly appears fundamental to effective social participation as well as to social critique . the conference looks to stimulate debate that is grounded in - - - or informedly set against - - - current theories , practices and findings of teaching and research communities in language and communication studies . another main aim is to suggest guidelines for informed , responsible and reflective practice in the domains of language education and media studies . a theme of particular interest , to be developed especially in workshop mode , is that of materials writing for educational purposes in both conference domains .
",0
2409,"Subject: nlp + ia ' 98 on all aspects of nlp
 
 a number of colleagues have been wondering if nlp + ia ' 98 is mainly about language learning & teaching . the answer is no ! call is getting a special attention not the exclusivity . all aspects of nlp are welcome ! 400 word abstract submissions may 5th 1998 . notification : june 15 , 1998 camera - ready of full papers : august 1st , 1998 chadia moghrabi call for papers & exhibits = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = appel aux communications & expositions = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = international conference on natural language processing and industrial applications nlp + ia 98 > > > special accent on computer assisted language learning < < < conference internationale sur le traitement automatique des langues et ses applications industrielles tal + ai 98 > > > attention speciale portee a l ' enseignement de la langue < < < august / aout 18 - 21 , 1998 moncton , new - brunswick , canada come to canada this summer . . . iwnlg august 5 - 7 in niagara - on-the - lake coling - acl & workshops august 10-16 in montreal nlp + ia / call august 18-21 in moncton topics of interest : the nlp study group ( gretal ) at l ' universite de moncton is organizing its second international conference on nlp and industrial applications . this year a special attention is given to computer assisted language learning & teaching . papers are invited on all aspects of natural language processing , including , but not limited to , * computer assisted language learning & teaching , * natural language understanding and generation of textual , spoken and hand-written language , * natural language interfaces to databases , expert systems , or industrial applications * machine translation , computer aided translation , translation aids , * syntax , semantics , pragmatics , lexicon , morphology , * dictionaries , corpora , & other language resources * multimodality * multilinguality * nlp industrial applications * papers of every kind that can help bridge the gap between the theory and practice of nlp in general and language learning in particular . language : authors are invited to submit preliminary versions of their papers not exceeding 400 words ( exclusive of references ) either in english or in french , the two official languages of the conference . proceedings would be published in the language of the submitted texts . final versions would be around 7 - 8 pages . submission : 1 ) the first page should be an identification page containing the title , the authors ' names , affiliations , addresses , a five ( 5 ) keyword list specifying the subject area , a five ( 5 ) line summary , and the name and address of the contact person . title / titre : authors info / auteurs et infos : keywords / mots clefs : summary / resume : contact person / personne contact : 2 ) abstracts should not exceed 400 words in length excluding references ( 12 pt , times roman , 1 inch margins ( 2 , 5 cm ) all around ; if using a4 please keep text within 19cm x 25 , 5 cm ) . 3 ) the identification page and the abstract should be submitted in 4 hard copies ( 12 pt , times roman , 1 inch margins ( 2 , 5 cm ) all around ; if using a4 please keep text within 19 cm x 25 , 5 cm ) to : nlp + ia 98 / tal + ai 98 pr . chadia moghrabi geta , clips , imag 385 rue de la bibliotheque bp 53 x 38041 grenoble cedex 9 france phone : + 33 4 76 51 4369 fax : + 33 4 76 51 4405 e - mail : nlp + ia-98 @ imag . fr 4 ) the identification page should also be e-mailed in plain text . refereeing : all submissions shall be refereed by three members of the program committee . international program committee : anne de roeck ( essex , uk ) arnold smith ( nrc , canada ) chadia moghrabi ( moncton , canada ) christian boitet ( geta , grenoble , france ) chrysanne dimarco ( logos , waterloo , canada ) eric wehrli ( geneva , switzerland ) eva hajicova ( charles u . , prague ) genvieve caelen - haumont ( geod , grenoble , france ) graeme hirst ( toronto , canada ) harry bunt ( tilburg , netherlands ) henry hamburger ( george mason , usa ) howard hamilton ( regina , canada ) jean - pierre chanod ( xerox , france ) johanna moore ( pennsylvania , usa ) john hutchins ( east anglia , uk ) john tait ( sunderland , uk ) junichi tsujii ( umist & tokyo , japan ) kathleen mccoy ( delaware , usa ) margaret king ( issco , switzerland ) manfred stede ( tu - berlin , germany ) marcel cori ( paris-7 , france ) mark seligman ( geta-clips & red pepper , usa ) michael levison ( queens , canada ) nicoletta calzolari ( ilc / cnr , pisa , italy ) pierre isabelle ( rali , montreal , canada ) pierrette bouillon ( geneva , switzerland ) paul tarau ( moncton , canada ) remi chadel ( inxight , xerox , france ) roberto basili ( roma , italy ) ruddy lelouche ( laval , canada ) susan armstrong ( issco , geneva , switzerland ) thierry chanier ( franche - comte , france ) thierry van steenberghe ( louvain - la - neuve , belgium ) veronica dahl ( simon fraser , canada ) yael ravin ( ibm , usa ) yorick wilks ( sheffield , uk ) schedule : submissions are due now on may 5th 1998 . notification of receipt will be mailed to the contact person soon after receipt . authors will be notified of acceptance by 15 june 1998 . camera - ready copies of final full papers must be received by the 1st of august 1998 along with registration fees . participants are also requested to indicate their intention to participate in the conference as soon as possible to the same e-mail address with the single word intention in the subject line . exhibits : anyone wishing to arrange an exhibit or present a demonstration should send a brief electronic description along with a specification of physical requirements ( table size , power , telephone connections , number of chairs , etc . ) to the same address with the single word exhibit in the subject line . other activities : accompanying persons can enjoy the lovely outdoor living in new - brunswick and visit the highest tides in the world . moncton is only 20km away from the sandy beaches of shediac , la capitale mondiale du homard . conference organization : the conference is organized by gretal , groupe d ' etude sur le traitement automatique des langues at the universite ' de moncton in cooperation with geta-clips at l ' universite ' joseph fourier in grenoble . the members of the organizing committee are : chadia moghrabi , professor of computer science , conference chair jalal almhana , director & professor of computer science julien chiasson , professor of computer science sadek eid , professor of industrial engineering , director manufacturing technology centre boubaker meddeb - hamrouni , researcher geta & winsoft paul tarau , professor of computer science
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2410,"Subject: conference on catalan studies ( linguistic section )
 
 fifteenth german conference on catalan studies university of freiburg im breisgau october 2 - october 4 , 1998 provisional program of the linguistic section the linguistic sections of the 15th german conference on catalan studies ( 15 . deutscher katalanistentag / xv col . loqui germano - catala ) , organized by the department of romance languages of freiburg university and the german association of catalan studies ( deutscher katalanistenverband / associacio germano - catalana ) and to be held on the premises of freiburg 's albert - ludwigs - university , will include the following papers on linguistic , sociolinguistic and translation topics : * heiner boehmer ( wiesbaden ) : "" alguns reflexos de contactes interculturals europeus en les etimologies de joan coromines "" * vicent cabanes fitor ( alcoi ) : "" varietats diatopiques en la traduccio catalana de la vita christi de st . joan bonaventura de 1522 "" * jaume corbera / brauli montoya ( palma de mallorca ) : "" la utilitat dels enregistraments audiovisuals per a l ' estudi del llenguatge no verbal "" * annette endruschat ( leipzig ) : "" funktionen und verwendung der katalanischen praeposition amb im vergleich mit den komitativen praepositionen in anderen romanischen sprachen "" * gottfried ernst ( freiburg i . br . ) : "" die neue katalanische sprachgesetzgebung und ihr quebecker vorbild "" * cristina gelpi-arroyo ( barcelona ) : "" la lexicografia bilingue catala-alemany , alemany-catala : proposta d ' avaluacio "" * thomas gergen ( poitiers / saarbruecken ) : "" pau e treva in den usatges de barcelona "" * ulrich gierth ( kehl ) : "" anmerkungen zu einigen vogelnamen in den woerterbuechern "" * josep r . guzman pitarch ( castello de la plana ) : "" modalitat i traduccio : particules modals i traduccions al catala de das fraeulein von scuderi "" * brenda laca ( strasbourg ) : "" les perifrasis catalanes "" * birgit lotz ( frankfurt am main ) : "" katalanischlernen im internet "" * joan - antoni mesquida cantallops ( palma de mallorca ) : "" el llenguatge cientific i tecnic en catala al segle xvii "" * christian muench ( munich ) : "" normalitzacio linguistica : einige bemerkungen aus der sicht der schreibforschung "" * constanze noufal ( tuebingen ) : "" diachronische betrachtungen der kenntnis der katalanischen sprache in catalunya nord "" * adolf piquer / birte ulig ( salamanca ) : "" sobre els marcadors discursius en el relat : una aproximacio contrastiva catala / alemany "" * artur quintana ( heidelberg / speyer ) : "" manuel sanchis guarner i la descoberta del carxe "" * carsten sinner ( potsdam / mallorca ) : "" mallorquinisch : ein unbekannter dialekt ? - ueber die mallorquinischkenntnisse der katalanen "" * joan m . vallve ( brussel / barcelona ) : "" la llengua a les institucions de la unio europea "" * antonio vano-cerda ( palma de mallorca ) : "" untersuchungen zum themenkomplex von ser und estar im katalanischen "" in order to get a complete program of the conference , including abstracts of the above mentioned papers , a list of papers on literature topics , plenary speeches and round tables , general information and a registration form , please write to : * albert - ludwigs - universitaet , romanisches seminar / lektorat fuer katalanisch , werthmannplatz 3 , d-79085 freiburg im breisgau ( germany ) , fax + 49 / 76 61 / 63 10 , e-mail : pusch @ uni-freiburg . de or have a look at the following url : http : / / www . uni-muenster . de / romanistik / dkv / colloqui . htm claus d . pusch * * * * * * * * * * * * * * albert - ludwigs - universitaet freiburg romanisches seminar werthmannplatz 3 - d-79085 freiburg i . br . ( germany ) tel . ( + 49 ) 0761-203 - 3172 - fax ( + 49 ) 0761-203 - 3195 http : / / omnibus . uni-freiburg . de / ~ pusch /
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2411,"Subject: translation
 
 translation into the second language stuart campbell paper 0 582 30188 2 224 pages 1998 applied linguistics and language study series longman the dynamics of immigration , international commerce and the postcolonial world make it inevitable that much translation is done into a second language , despite the prevailing wisdom that translators should only work into their mother tongue . this book is the first study to explore the phenomenon of translation into a second language in a way that will interest applied linguists , translators and translation teachers , and esol teachers working with advanced level students . rather than seeing translation into a second language as deficient output , this study adopts an interlanguage framework to consider l2 translation as the product of developing competence ; learning to translate is seen as a special variety of second language acquisition . through carefully worked case studies , separate components of translation competence are identified , among them the ability to create stylistically authentic texts in english , the ability to monitor and edit output , and the psychological attitudes that the translator brings to the task . while the case studies mainly deal with arabic speakers undergoing translator training in australia , the conclusions will have implications for translation into a second language , especially english , around the world . ' translation into the second language ' is firmly grounded in empirical research , and in this regard it serves as a stimulus and a methodological guide for further research . it will be a valuable addition for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of applied linguistics , translation theory , bilingualism and second language acquisition as well as those involved in teaching or practising translation at a professional level . stuart campbell associate professor in language studies , and director of the language acquisition research centre at the university of western sydney macarthur . further information on the books published in this series , and the table of contents for this title can be viewed at the longman linguistics on-line catalogue at : http : / / www . awl-he . com / linguistics for a complete listing of our world-wide offices , please click below : http : / / www . awl-he . com / offices available for review
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2412,"Subject: 8th seals , kuala lumpur , programme
 
 universiti kebangsaan malaysia south east asian linguistics society eighth annual meeting of the south east asian linguistics society 20 , 21 and 22 july 1998 brisdale value inn , 65 jalan haji hussein , 50300 kuala lumpur , malaysia for additional information , please contact david gil jabatan audiologi dan sains pertuturan fakulti sains kesihatan bersekutu universiti kebangsaan malaysia jln raja muda abdul aziz kuala lumpur , 50300 , malaysia telephone / facsimile : 60 - 3-291 - 4230 email : dgil @ copland . udel . edu programme monday , 20 july 0800 - 0850 registration 0850 - 0900 opening session 1 malay grammar 0900 - 0930 interrogatives in the malay classical text of sejarah melayu rogayah a . razak universiti malaya , kuala lumpur , malaysia 0930 - 1000 on valence relations in malay verbal prefixation jyh wee sew university of otago , dunedin , new zealand 1000 - 1030 the accessibility hierarchy revisited : the syntax and semantics of resumptive pronouns in malay patrick a . schindler universitat tubingen , tubingen , germany 1030 - 1100 refreshments session 2 malay discourse and pragmatics 1100 - 1130 taboo in malay : a relevance theoretic approach nor hashimah jalaluddin universiti kebangsaan malaysia , bangi , malaysia 1130 - 1200 a comparison of topic selection and organisation and discourse strategies employed in the malay news broadcasts of four countries gloria r . poedjosoedarmo nanyang technological university , singapore 1200 - 1230 prosody and the segmentation of malay discourse zuraidah mohd don universiti malaya , kuala lumpur , malaysia 1230 - 1400 lunch session 3 malay phonology 1400 - 1430 word stress in malay janet y . yong universiti malaya , kuala lumpur , malaysia 1430 - 1500 the syllabification of high vowels in malay : a constraint - based analysis zaharani ahmad universiti kebangsaan malaysia , bangi , malaysia 1500 - 1530 fusion and alignment in malay ann delilkan new york university , new york , usa 1530 - 1600 refreshments session 4 malay psycholinguistics and malay dialects 1600 - 1630 the acquisition of long distance wh questions in singaporean malay norhaida aman and gabriella hermon university of delaware , newark , usa 1630 - 1700 morphological structure of bahasa melayu : psycholinguistic analyses of rated familiarity lee lay choo , susan j . rickard liow , and wee may ling olivia national university of singapore , singapore 1700 - 1730 malayic variants in southwestern borneo : gerai and sepotong jim collins universiti kebangsaan malaysia , bangi , malaysia 1730 - 1800 kuala lumpur malay as a mainland southeast asian language david gil universiti kebangsaan malaysia , kuala lumpur , malaysia and university of delaware , newark , usa 1930 - dinner tuesday , 21 july session 5 malay , thai and vietnamese grammar 0830 - 0900 kata majmuk dalam bahasa melayu dan bahasa thai suatu analisis perbandingan morfologi sumalee nimmanupap ramkhamhaeng university , bangkok , thailand 0900 - 0930 grammaticalization of deverbal markers in thai : toward a crosslinguistic study in semantic extension of path verbs ruetaivan kessakul and toshio ohori university of tokyo , tokyo , japan 0930 - 1000 a typological and semantic analysis of the relationship between causatives and passives in the periphrastic ' give ' constructions of some east and southeast asian languages yap foong ha and shoichi iwasaki ucla , los angeles , usa 1000 - 1030 refreshments session 6 mon - khmer 1030 - 1100 aslian and the other branches of mon - khmer gerard diffloth nongkhai , thailand 1100 - 1130 reduplication in m ' nong language dinh le thu vietnam national university , ho chi minh city , vietnam 1130 - 1200 tai and vietnamese irrigated rice technology and culture : a preliminary comparative linguistics study of borrowing john hartmann northern illinois university , de kalb , usa 1200 - 1230 some remarks on the thai word "" na "" in the muong languages in hoa binh tran tri doi vietnam national university , hanoi , vietnam 1230 - 1400 lunch session 7 vietnamese and languages of vietnam 1400 - 1430 a comparison of some old thai orthographies in west nghe an , vietnam tran tri doi vietnam national university , hanoi , vietnam 1430 - 1500 a unified analysis of some vietnamese reduplication patterns sonny x . vu massachusetts institute of technology , cambridge , usa 1500 - 1530 the ' softeners ' in some modal structures in vietnamese when teaching overseas students nguyen thien nam vietnam national university , hanoi , vietnam 1530 - 1600 notes on the nghe an dialect of central vietnam mark j . alves and nguyen duy huong university of hawai ' i , honolulu , usa and institute of linguistics in hanoi , hanoi , vietnam 1600 - 1630 refreshments session 8 tibeto - burman 1630 - 1700 nominal auxiliaries in lai george bedell international christian university , tokyo , japan 1700 - 1730 the phonology and syntax of mizo language s . l . chhangte government college , serchhip , india 1730 - 1800 is chakma language facing extinction ? s . ganguly north - eastern hill university , tura , india 1930 - dinner wednesday , 22 july session 9 austro - tai , austronesian , and malayo - polynesian 0830 - 0900 evolution of the scale of notation in the austronesian languages h . m . zarbaliyev baku institute of public administration and political sciences , baku , azerbaijan 0900 - 0930 demonstratives in proto - malayo - polynesian and proto - austronesian joseph c . finney monterey , usa 0930 - 1000 a western malayo - polynesian metaphor bernd nothofer universitat frankfurt , frankfurt , germany 1000 - 1030 pl , pr > t ? a note on benedict 's ' austro - tai ' walter schuhmacher roskilde technical college , gadstrup , denmark 1030 - 1100 refreshments session 10 peranakan languages 1100 - 1130 malay lexicalised items in penang peranakan hokkien teo boon seong and lim beng soon national university of singapore , singapore 1130 - 1200 socio - phonology : the case of the language of the peranakan chinese of kelantan , malaysia teo kok seong universiti kebangsaan malaysia , bangi , malaysia 1200 - 1230 business meeting 1230 - 1400 lunch session 11 austronesian categories ; philippine dictionaries 1400 - 1430 problems in tagalog morphological categorisation carl rubino australian national university , canberra , australia 1430 - 1500 are there ' precategorial ' morphemes in austronesian languages ? adrian clynes universiti brunei darussalam , brunei darussalam 1500 - 1530 lsp and the need for monolingual dictionaries gunter schaarschmidt university of victoria , victoria , canada 1530 - 1600 concordances in the study of english and philippine languages curtis d . mcfarland waseda university , chiba - shi , japan 1600 - 1630 refreshments session 12 austronesian languages of borneo , sulawesi and vietnam 1630 - 1700 lexical decomposition and locative predicates in bonggi michael boutin institut linguistik sil , kota kinabalu , malaysia 1700 - 1730 ' case ' particles in bolaang mongondow : towards an unitary account ruben stoel leiden university , leiden , the netherlands 1730 - 1800 the development of contrastive accent in makassarese uri tadmor university of hawai ' i , honolulu , usa 1800 - 1830 the direction of monosyllabicity in the language of raglai nguyen van hue vietnam university , ho chi minh city , vietnam 1930 - dinner
",0
2413,"Subject: icgi-98
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for participation fourth international colloquium on grammatical inference ( icgi-98 ) http : / / www . cs . iastate . edu / ~ icgi98 / icgi98 . html program co - chairs : vasant honavar and giora slutzki iowa state university july 12-14 , 1998 iowa state university ames , iowa , usa . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cosponsored by international institute of theoretical and applied physics iowa state university and in cooperation with american association for artificial intelligence ieee systems , man , and cybernetics society acl special interest group on natural language learning - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - grammatical inference , variously refered to as automata induction , grammar induction , and automatic language acquisition , refers to the process of learning of grammars and languages from data . machine learning of grammars finds a variety of applications in syntactic pattern recognition , adaptive intelligent agents , diagnosis , computational biology , systems modelling , prediction , natural language acquisition , data mining and knowledge discovery . traditionally , grammatical inference has been studied by researchers in several research communities including : information theory , formal languages , automata theory , language acquisition , computational linguistics , machine learning , pattern recognition , computational learning theory , neural networks , etc . perhaps one of the first attempts to bring together researchers working on grammatical inference for an interdisciplinary exchange of research results took place under the aegis of the first colloquium on grammatical inference held at the university of essex in united kingdom in april 1993 . this was followed by the ( second ) international colloquium on grammatical inference , held at alicante in spain , the proceedings of which were published by springer - verlag as volume 862 of the lectures notes in artificial intelligence , and the third international colloquium on grammatical inference , held at montpellier in france , the proceedings of which were published by springer - verlag as volume 1147 of the lecture notes in artificial intelligence . following the success of these events and the workshop on automata induction , grammatical inference , and language acquisition , held in conjunction with the international conference on machine learning at nashville in united states in july 1997 , the fourth international colloquium on grammatical inference will be held from july 12 through july 14 , 1998 , at iowa state university in united states . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the conference seeks to provide a forum for presentation and discussion of original research papers on all aspects of grammatical inference including , but not limited to : * different models of grammar induction : e . g . , learning from examples , learning using examples and queries , incremental versus non-incremental learning , distribution-free models of learning , learning under various distributional assumptions ( e . g . , simple distributions ) , impossibility results , complexity results , characterizations of representational and search biases of grammar induction algorithms . * algorithms for induction of different classes of languages and automata : e . g . , regular , context-free , and context-sensitive languages , interesting subsets of the above under additional syntactic constraints , tree and graph grammars , picture grammars , multi-dimensional grammars , attributed grammars , parameterized models , etc . * theoretical and experimental analysis of different approaches to grammar induction including artificial neural networks , statistical methods , symbolic methods , information-theoretic approaches , minimum description length , and complexity-theoretic approaches , heuristic methods , etc . * broader perspectives on grammar induction - - e . g . , acquisition of grammar in conjunction with language semantics , semantic constraints on grammars , language acquisition by situated agents and robots , acquisition of language constructs that describe objects and events in space and time , developmental and evolutionary constraints on language acquisition , etc . * demonstrated or potential applications of grammar induction in natural language acquisition , computational biology , structural pattern recognition , information retrieval , text processing , adaptive intelligent agents , systems modelling and control , and other domains . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - invited papers 1 . j . feldman , international computer science institute and university of california , berkeley , ca , usa . topic : natural language acquisition ( exact title to be announced ) . 2 . a . brazma , european bioinformatics institute , cambridge . topic : pattern discovery in biosequences . ( exact title to be announced ) . list of accepted papers 1 . stochastic regular tree language inference , rafael c . carrasco , jose oncina and jorge calera 2 . the data driven approach applied to the ostia algorithm , jose oncina 3 . approximate learning of random subsequential transducers , antonio castellanos 4 . how considering incompatible state mergings may reduce the dfa induction search tree , francois coste and jacques nicolas 5 . learning regular grammars to model musical style : comparing different coding schemes , p . p . cruz - alcazar and e . vidal - ruiz 6 . using symbol clustering to improve probabilistic automaton inference , pierre dupont and lin chase 7 . learning a subclass of context - free languages j . emerald , k . subramanian , and d . thomas 8 . learning a determinisitic finite automaton with a recurrent neural network , l firoiu , t oates , and p r cohen 9 . learning feature - based phrase - structure rules with the grammar inference tool , b . geistert 10 . learning stochastic finite automata from experts , colin de la higuera . 11 . a stochastic search approach to grammar induction hugues juille and jordan pollack 12 . grammar model and grammar induction in the system nl page , keselj 13 . results of the abbadingo one dfa learning competition and a new evidence driven state merging algorithm k . j . lang , b . a . pearlmutter and r . price 14 . transducer - learning experiments on language understanding pics and e . vidal 15 . learning k-variable pattern languages efficiently stochastically finite on average from positive data peter rossmanith and thomas zeugmann 16 . locally threshold testable languages in strict sense : application to the inference problem , jose ruiz , salvador espana , and pedro garcia 17 . grammatical inference in document recognition , saidi , tayeb - bey 18 . learning a subclass of linear languages from positive structural information , jose sempere and g . nagaraja 19 . why meaning helps learning syntax , isabelle tellier 20 . a performance evaluation of automatic survey classifiers , viechnicki 21 . applying grammatical inference by learning a language model for oral dialogue jacques chodorowski and laurent miclet 22 . a polynomial time incremental algorithm for learning dfa , r . parekh , c . nichitu , v . honavar - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - conference format and proceedings the conference will include oral and possibly poster presentations of accepted papers , a small number of tutorials and invited talks . all accepted papers will appear in the conference proceedings to be published by springer - verlag as a volume in the lecture notes in artificial intelligence which is part of the springer - verlag lecture notes in computer science series . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - financial support limited financial support might be available , subject to the availability of funds , for : * scientists ( especially junior researchers ) from developing countries , especially for those who can find other sources of support for extended visit at a us institution * graduate students and postdocs from us institutions additional details will be posted as they become available . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration information early registration deadline : may 21 , 1998 . presenting authors of accepted papers should register by may 11 , 1998 . registration fees : the conference registration includes the conference proceedings and the banquet ( on monday , july 13 , 1998 ) . * author / conference attendee o by may 21 , 1998 : us $ 200 o after may 21 , 1998 : us $ 250 * full - time student o by may 21 , 1998 : us $ 100 o after may 21 , 1998 : us $ 150 * airport shuttle : us $ 15 ( one way ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - program committee technical program chairs : vasant honavar and giora slutzki , iowa state university , usa . technical program committee : r . berwick , mit , usa a . brazma , european bioinformatics institute , cambridge , uk . m . brent , johns hopkins university , usa c . cardie , cornell university , usa w . daelemans , tilburg university , netherlands d . dowe , monash university , australia p . dupont , university jean monnet at st . etienne , france . d . estival , university of melbourne , australia j . feldman , international computer science institute , berkeley , usa l . giles , nec research institute , princeton , usa j . gregor , university of tennessee , usa c . de la higuera , university jean monnet at st . etienne , france a . itai , technion , israel t . knuutila , university of turku , finland j . koza , stanford university , usa k . lang , nec research institute , princeton , usa . m . li , university of waterloo , canada e . makinen , university of tampere , finland l . miclet , enssat , lannion , france . g . nagaraja , indian institute of technology , bombay , india h . ney , university of technology , aachen , germany j . nicolas , irisa , france r . parekh , allstate research and planning center , menlo park , usa l . pitt , university of illinois at urbana - champaign , usa d . powers , flinders university , australia l . reeker , national science foundation , usa y . sakakibara , tokyo denki university , japan . c . samuelsson , lucent technologies , usa a . sharma , university of new south wales , australia . e . vidal , u . politecnica de valencia , spain - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - local arrangements committee dale grosvenor , iowa state university , usa . k . balakrishnan , iowa state university , usa . r . bhatt , iowa state university , usa j . yang , iowa state university , usa . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - further details are available at : http : / / www . cs . iastate . edu / ~ icgi98 / icgi98 . html
",0
2414,"Subject: acm sac ' 99 - track on coordination
 
 preliminary call for papers and referees = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ( apologies if you receive multiple copies ) 1999 acm symposium on applied computing ( sac ' 99 ) special track on coordination models , languages and applications february 28 - march 2 , 1999 the menger , san antonio , texas , u . s . a . ( http : / / www . ucy . ac . cy / ucy / cs / sac99 . html ) sac ' 99 : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ over the past thirteen years , the acm symposium on applied computing ( sac ) has become a primary forum for applied computer scientists and application developers from around the world to interact and present their work . sac ' 99 is sponsored by the acm special interest groups sigada , sigapp , sigbio , and sigcue . authors are invited to contribute original papers in all areas of experimental computing and application development for the technical sessions . there will be a number of special tracks on such issues as programming languages , parallel and distributed computing , mobile and scientific computing , internet and the www , etc . coordination models , languages and applications track : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a new special track on coordination models , languages and applications will be held at sac ' 99 . the term "" coordination "" here is used in a rather broad sense covering traditional models and languages ( e . g . ones based on the shared dataspace and cham metaphors ) but also other related formalisms such as configuration and architectural description frameworks , systems modeling abstractions and languages , programming skeletons , etc . this track on coordination is held for the second time as part of acm sac 's events . the cfp for the acm sac ' 98 track attracted 33 submissions from 18 countries ; 8 of those submissions were accepted as regular papers and 4 more as short papers . major topics of interest include but are not limited to the following : * novel models , languages , programming and implementation techniques . * relationship with other computational models such as object oriented , declarative ( functional , logic , constraint ) programming or extensions of them with coordination capabilities . * applications ( especially where the industry is involved ) . * theoretical aspects ( semantics , reasoning , verification ) . * software architectures and software engineering techniques . * middleware platforms ( e . g . corba ) . * all aspects related to the modeling of information systems ( groupware , internet and the web , workflow management , cscw ) . track program chair : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ george a . papadopoulos department of computer science university of cyprus 75 kallipoleos str . , p . o . b . 537 cy-1678 , nicosia , cyprus e - mail : george @ cs . ucy . ac . cy tel : + 357 2 338705 / 06 , fax : + 357 2 339062 guidelines for submission : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ original papers from the above-mentioned or other related areas will be considered . this includes three categories of submissions : 1 ) original and unpublished research ; 2 ) reports of innovative computing applications in the arts , sciences , engineering , business , government , education and industry ; and 3 ) reports of successful technology transfer to new problem domains . each submitted paper will be fully refereed and undergo a blind review process by at least three referees . the accepted papers in all categories will be published in the acm sac ' 99 proceedings . there will also be a special issue of the journal of programming languages , chapman & hall ( http : / / www . chapmanhall . com / jp / default . html ) with expanded versions of selected papers from those that will be accepted for this special track as regular papers . submission guidelines must be strictly followed : * submit six ( 6 ) copies of original manuscripts to the sac ' 99 coordination models , languages and applications track program chair ( address shown above ) . alternatively , submit your paper electronically in uuencoded compressed postscript format ; this is strongly encouraged . fax submissions will not be accepted . * the author ( s ) name ( s ) and address ( es ) must not appear in the body of the paper , and self-reference should be in the third person . this is to facilitate blind review . * the body of the paper should not exceed 5 , 000 words ( approximately 15 pages , double-spaced ) . * a separate cover sheet ( in the case of electronic submission this should be sent separately from the main paper ) should show the title of the paper , the author ( s ) name ( s ) and affiliation ( s ) , and the address ( including e-mail , telephone , and fax ) to which correspondence should be sent . * all submissions must be received by august 17 , 1998 . anyone wishing to review papers for this special track should contact the track program chair at the address shown above . important dates : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * august 17 , 1998 : paper submission . * october 15 , 1998 : author notification . * december 1 , 1998 : camera - ready copy .
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2415,"Subject: vilem mathesius lecture series 13 - prague , nov . 98
 
 the vilem mathesius centre for research and education in semiotics and linguistics presents the vilem mathesius lecture series 13 november 9 - - 20 , 1998 prague , czech republic call for participation & call for grant applications the thirteenth cycle of the vilem mathesius lecture series , organized by the vilem mathesius centre for research and education in semiotics and linguistics ( charles university ) , will be held in prague , czech republic , from november 9 until 20 , 1998 . the scientific program will consist of the following invited courses ( usually three 90 minutes lectures ) : * emmon bach ( canada ) : "" problems of universal and parochial grammar "" * joan bresnan ( usa ) : "" optimal syntax "" * nicoletta calzolari ( italy ) : "" corpus based lexicon building "" * bernard comrie ( germany ) : "" ( 1 ) advances in our understanding of relative clauses . ( 2 ) form and function in reference-tracking systems . ( 3 ) agreement in tsez ( ne caucasian ) : a typological assessment . "" * edward l . keenan ( usa ) : < tba > * christian lehmann ( germany ) : "" typology of possession "" * karen sparck - jones ( england ) : "" information retrieval and language processing "" * hans uszkoreit ( germany ) : "" modelling of linguistic performance "" * bonnie webber ( usa ) : < tba > we are still waiting for confirmation from m . a . k . halliday , and h - j . lieb . among the czech lecturers invited to vmc 13 are frantisek cermak , miroslav cervenka , jan firbas , jan hajic , eva hajicova , jaroslav peregrin , and petr sgall . the exact time schedule will be announced later . grants ( deadline : may 31 , 1998 ) a limited number of grants is available for students from post-communist countries . the deadline for application is * may 31 , 1998 * . ideally , an application for a grant should include a letter of motivation and a letter of recommendation by a supervisor . applications should be send to professor eva hajicova at the address below . applicants will be notified by the end of june regarding approval of their application . participation ( deadline : september 15 , 1998 ) the participation fee for vmc 13 is usd 350 , which includes tuition fee , accommodation , and lunches . in order to ensure accommodation , ( paying ) participants should register before * september 15 , 1998 * . please contact mrs . brdickova or prof . hajicova at the following address for registration or further information . mrs . libuse brdickova institute of formal and applied linguistics ufal mff uk malostranske nam . 25 cz-11800 praha 1 czech republic { hajicova , brdickov } @ ufal . mff . cuni . cz ( phone ) + + 420 - 2-2191 - 4278 ( fax ) + + 420 - 2-2191 - 4309 check our website at http : / / kwetal . ms . mff . cuni . cz / ~ gj / vmc / . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - geert - jan m . kruijff institute of formal & applied linguistics / linguistic data laboratory faculty of mathematics and physics , charles university malostranske nam . 25 , cz-118 00 prague 1 , czech republic phone : + + 420 - 2-2191 - 4255 fax : + + 420 - 2-2191 - 4309 email : gj @ ufal . ms . mff . cuni . cz , gj @ acm . org www : http : / / kwetal . ms . mff . cuni . cz / ~ gj /
",0
2416,"Subject: 3rd annual interdisciplinary conference
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers - - - - - - - - - - announcing our 3rd annual interdisciplinary conference border surjects 3 : ( dis ) locations of culture october 8-10 , 1988 , ay illinois state university , normal il papers and presentations invited on the following topics : * the politics of official language policy * the ebonics controversy * immigration history and language policy in the u . s and other countries * the threat to other dialects and ethnic groups to learn the surrounding majority language in the u . s . and other countries . * social and political pressures on bilingualism including the ramifications for such programs as bilingual education the conference welcomes diverse and creative interpretations of its topics . send abstracts proposals for papers ans panels ( 250 words ) to : ron strickland english department illinois state university normal il 61790-4240 e-mail : rlstrick @ ilstu . edu please send abstracts and proposals via email if possible . dealine for abstracts and proposals : june 30 , 1998 for more information , contact ron strickland : ph : 309-438 - 7907 email : rlstrick @ ilstu . edu
",0
2417,"Subject: claw 98 program
 
 claw98 workshop announcement the second international workshop on controlled language applications ( claw98 ) may 21-22 1998 language technologies institute carnegie mellon university 5000 forbes ave . pittsburgh , pa . 15213 usa http : / / www . lti . cs . cmu . edu / claw98 / context the 2nd international workshop on controlled language applications will be held may 21-22 at carnegie mellon university , pittsburgh , pa , usa . since the first claw workshop , held at university of leuven in 1996 , there has been continued strong interest in the research and development of controlled language applications . initial industrial development and deployment of controlled english systems ( aecma , caterpillar 's cte ) are now being followed by developments in other languages . on the research front , we are grappling with issues like standardization , design , and evaluation of controlled language systems . we are particularly interested in studies regarding author productivity and document usability . the workshop will give equal emphasis to the academic and industrial perspectives , while bringing together researchers , developers , users , and potential users of controlled language systems from around the world . workshop format the language technologies institute at cmu ( home of the center for machine translation ) is pleased to sponsor claw ' 98 . the two-day workshop will feature paper presentations , panel discussions , and a poster / demonstration session . evolving information regarding the workshop format and content can be found at the workshop web site . workshop site : mcconomy auditorium , first floor of the university center demo site : rangos hall , 2nd floor of the university center paper presentation schedule : ( preliminary ) may 21 , 1998 thursday - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 : 30 registration , coffee 9 : 00 welcome 9 : 15 invited speaker : karen hassen ( boeing commercial airplane group , usa ) 10 : 15 huijsen , willem - olaf ( university of utrecht , netherlands ) "" controlled language - an introduction "" 10 : 45 coffee break 11 : 00 lehtola , aarno , c . bounsaythip , j . tenni ( vtt information technology , finland ) "" definition of a controlled language based on semantic dependency relations "" 11 : 30 bernth , arendse ( ibm , usa ) "" easyenglish : preprocessing for mt "" 12 : 00 lunch and demo 1 : 30 knops , uus , b . depoortere ( lant nv , belgium ) "" controlled language and machine translation "" 2 : 00 kamprath , christine , e . adolphson , t . mitamura and e . nyberg ( caterpillar inc . ; carnegie mellon university , usa ) "" controlled language for multilingual document production : experience with caterpillar technical english "" 2 : 30 shirai , satoshi , s . ikehara , a . yokoo , y . ooyama ( ntt ; tottori university ; atr , japan ) "" automatic rewriting method for internal expressions in japanese to english mt and its effects "" 3 : 00 coffee break and demo 3 : 20 panel discussion : topic : standardization and acceptance of controlled language remi zajac ( chair ) 4 : 35 demo at lti 6 : 00 leave for banquet station square / mt . washington lookout 7 : 00 banquet may 22 , 1998 friday - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 : 30 coffee 9 : 00 barthe , kathy ( aerospatiale aeronautique , france ) "" gifas rationalised french : designing one controlled language to match another "" 9 : 30 lalaude , myriam , v . lux , s . regnier - prost ( aerospatiale , france ) "" modular controlled language design "" 10 : 00 wojcik , richard , h . holmback , j . hoard ( boeing shared services group , usa ) "" boeing technical english : an extension of aecma se beyond the aircraft maintenance domain "" 10 : 30 coffee break 10 : 45 heald , isobel , r . zajac ( universite d ' angers , france ; new mexico state university , usa ) "" compounds nouns in simplified english "" 11 : 15 barthe , kathy , g . g . bes , j . escande , d . pinna , e . rodier ( gril , france ) "" issues related to realistic evaluation of controlled language checkers "" 11 : 45 nasr , alexis , o . rambow and r . kittredge ( laboratoire d ' informatique d ' avignon , france ; cogentex inc . ) "" a linguistic framework for controlled language systems "" 12 : 15 lunch and demo 1 : 30 panel discussion : topic : current status of aecma richard wojcik ( chair ) 2 : 45 schmidt - wigger , antje ( iai , germany ) "" grammar and style checking for german "" 3 : 15 coffee break 3 : 30 zhang , wei , y . shiwen ( peking university , china ) "" construction of a controlled chinese lexicon "" 4 : 00 reuther , ursula ( iai , germany ) "" controlling language in an industrial application "" 4 : 30 godden , kurt ( general motors , usa ) "" controlling the business environment for controlled language "" 5 : 00 closing poster / demonstration session we have already arranged a number of systems for demonstration ; if you would like to arrange a system demonstration , we still have some room available . to arrange a poster or demonstration , please contact eric nyberg , ehn @ cs . cmu . edu , before may 8 , 1998 . registration the registration fee is $ 120 / person . the registration fee covers the cost of the cost of the workshop , plus continental breakfast , refreshments , and one copy of the workshop proceedings . participants should pre-register by may 8 . payment may be sent separately from the registration or settled on-site ( see details below ) . banquet the workshop banquet will be held on the evening of may 21 . the fee is $ 50 / person , which includes a bus service to / from the banquet site . please indicate whether you plan to attend the banquet on your registration form . accommodation we have reserved a number of rooms in two nearby hotels . please contact these hotels directly to make a reservation ; be sure to mention that you are coming for the ' claw98 workshop ' to receive the discounted rate . note : the holiday inn is a 10 - minute walk from the workshop ; the hampton inn is a 20-25 minute walk away . shuttle buses are available from the hampton inn to the university area . * holiday inn select university center 100 lytton avenue pittsburgh , pa 15213 phone : ( 412 ) 682-6200 fax : ( 412 ) 681-4749 rate : $ 103 / per night ( rate guaranteed until april 28 , 1998 ) * hampton inn 3315 hamlet street , pittsburgh , pa 15213 phone : ( 412 ) 681-1000 reservations : ( 800 ) hampton fax : ( 412 ) 681-3022 rate : $ 72 / per night ( rate guranteed until may 6 , 1998 ) for further assistance , please contact the claw98 secretary , martha june puzio , mpuzio + @ andrew . cmu . edu , ( 412 ) 268-7517 . workshop committee teruko mitamura ( carnegie mellon university ) geert adriens ( l&h and university of leuven , belgium ) eric nyberg ( carnegie mellon university ) linda schmandt ( carnegie group ) rick wojcik ( boeing ) remi zajac ( new mexico state university ) for more information contact : martha june puzio claw98 secretary email : mpuzio + @ andrew . cmu . edu phone : ( 412 ) 268-7517 fax : ( 412 ) 268-6298 or teruko mitamura language technologies institute carnegie mellon university 5000 forbes ave . pittsburgh , pa , 15213 . email : teruko @ cs . cmu . edu phone : ( 412 ) 268-6596 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = cut here = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = how to send your claw98 registration and banquet fees for wire transfer , send funds by may 12 , 1998 . please bring the record of wire transfer to the registration desk . to : mellon bank cash management university financial center fifth avenue and craig street pittsburgh , pa 15213 account # : 197-9003 please indicate that this is for : claw98 you may also send a us $ money order or check , payable to claw98 . we regret that we cannot accept credit cards . payment must received by may 12 , 1998 . send checks or money orders to : claw 98 registration language technologies institute carnegie mellon university 5000 forbes avenue , pittsburgh , pa 15213 usa claw98 registration form please complete the following form and return either by fax to ( 412 ) 268-6298 or by email to mpuzio + @ andrew . cmu . edu ( subject line should read : claw98 registration ) by may 8 , 1998 . mr / ms : first name : family name : title / position : affiliation / organization : mailing address : postal code : country : telephone : fax : e - mail address : fees ( check those which apply ) : registration only : $ 120 [ ] banquet : $ 50 [ ] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - total $ mode of payment : bank transfer ( no later than may 12 ) [ ] please bring a record of the transfer . check / money order sent by mail [ ] payment on-site [ ] please try to avoid this option , unless absolutely necessary .
",0
2418,"Subject: last cfp : wecol ' 98
 
 last call for papers wecol ' 98 western conference on linguistics 9-11 october , 1998 arizona state university , tempe , arizona deadline for abstracts : 1 june 1998 abstracts are invited for 20 - minute talks in all areas of linguistic theory . abstracts should be anonymous , and should be no longer than one page , with one inch margins , in typeface no smaller than 12 characters per inch . an additional page with examples and references may be included . please provide 7 copies of the abstract . authors should identify themselves on a separate 3x5 "" index card , and should include the title and author 's address , affiliation , telephone number , and e-mail address . no e-mail or fax abstracts will be accepted . however , subsequent correspondence will be via e-mail . invited speaker : james mccloskey , university of california at santa cruz . abstracts should be sent to the following address : elly van gelderen , chair , abstracts committee wecol ' 98 po box 870302 department of english arizona state university tempe , az 85287-0302 thank you for your interest . teresa wells research assistant arizona state university
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2419,"Subject: asia - pacific language special issue
 
 call for papers special issue : "" language research in the pacific - asia region "" http : / / hiplab . newcastle . edu . au / pacific / language / south pacific journal of psychology http : / / hiplab . newcastle . edu . au / pacific / language editorial group : max coltheart ( behavioural science , macquarie ) malti patel ( computing , macquarie ) marcus taft ( psychology , new south wales ) paul watters ( psychology , newcastle ) . on behalf of the editorial board of the south pacific journal of psychology , the language editorial group is soliciting contributions for a special issue , volume 10 ( 2 ) , on language research in the pacific - asia region . the high density of indigenous and non-indigenous languages spoken and written in the pacific - asia region makes it a fertile area for language research , especially in psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics . in addition , important advances in more general areas of language processing and linguistics , such as the computer modelling of language , are increasingly being made in the pacific - asia region . this special issue is intended as an inter-disciplinary showcase for research on all aspects of language being conducted in the region . all submissions will be peer-reviewed . the special issue will also be technologically innovative , with both paper and full-article electronic formats available to subscribers . papers should be written in apa style , doubled spaced , and submitted in triplicate to : paul a . watters department of computing school of mathematics , physics , computing and electronics macquarie university nsw 2109 australia alternatively , manuscripts prepared in text , adobe postscript or acrobat , or microsoft word format can be submitted electronically to pwatters @ mpce . mq . edu . au using an appropriate encoding format ( uuencode or metamail ) . the deadline for submission is 31st august , 1998 , with the special issue available in november / december , 1998 .
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2420,"Subject: xth conference of nordic and general ling .
 
 the tenth conference of nordic and general linguistics will be held in reykjavik , iceland , from saturday june 6 , to monday june 8 , 1998 . it is organized by the institute of linguistics , university of iceland . the deadline for pre-registration at a reduced price is january 31 , 1998 . pre - registration forms and further information can be found on our web site ( http : / / www . rhi . hi . is / ~ nordconf ) and can also be mailed or e-mailed upon request . papers on any linguistic topic are invited , especially papers on synchronic and diachronic aspects of the nordic languages . invited speakers : anders holmberg , tromsoe ( syntax ) tomas riad , stockholm ( phonology ) inge lise pedersen , copenhagen ( dialectology ) interest groups can ask to arrange special sessions ( workshops ) and at present the following are planned ( names of the workshop organizers in parentheses ) : comparative semantics for nordic languages ( elisabet engdahl ) optimality theory and nordic languages ( kersti boerjars ) the time allotted to each paper ( except for the invited talks ) is 30 minutes ( including discussion ) . participants who want to present a paper are requested to submit an abstract no later than january 31 , 1998 . abstracts may not exceed 2 pages with at least a 1 inch margin on all four sides and should employ a font not smaller than 12 pt . they should be sent anonymously in five copies , accompanied by a camera-ready original with the author 's name , address and affiliation . abstracts sent by e-mail will not be accepted . the authors will be notified about the acceptance of their papers by february 28 , 1998 . those interested in presenting papers in the special sessions ( workshops ) should consult the organizers of these ( engdahl @ ling . gu . se , k . borjars @ man . ac . uk ) . otherwise , correspondence should be addressed to : the xth conference of nordic and general linguistics institute of linguistics university of iceland arnagardi vid sudurgoetu \ 193rnagar \ 240i vi \ 240 su \ 240urg \ 246tu 101 reykjavik , iceland tel . + 354 525 4408 fax + 354 525 4242 e - mail : nordconf @ rhi . hi . is url : http : / / www . rhi . hi . is / ~ nordconf - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - h \ 246skuldur \ 222r \ 225insson hoskuldur thrainsson heimspekideild department of icelandic h \ 225sk \ 243la \ 205slands university of iceland \ 193rnagar \ 240i v . su \ 240urg \ 246tu arnagardi v . sudurgoetu 101 reykjavik 101 reykjavik , iceland netfang : hoski @ rhi . hi . is e-mail hoski @ rhi . hi . is simi : 525-4420 ( i vinnu ) phone : ( 354 ) 525-4420 ( office ) 566-7141 ( heima ) ( 354 ) 566-7141 ( home ) br \ 233fsimi : 525-4242 ( i vinnu ) fax : ( 354 ) 525-4242 ( work ) 566-8141 ( heima - ( 354 ) 566-8141 ( home - ef l \ 225ti \ 240 er vita fyrirfram ) if notified in advance )
",0
2421,"Subject: augias , linguistic special issue
 
 the recent number 52 of the journal augias has just appeared . it is the first linguistic special issue , edited by volkmar engerer , and contains 3 papers : - volkmar engerer : haben die inlands - und auslandsgermanistik verschiedene ( grammatische ) regeln ? ( do germanist studies in germany and abroad have different ( grammatical ) rules ? ) - nathalie nicolay : "" ich bin hier auf ' m flur , da is ' keiner mehr "" : zur verwendung raeumlicher deiktika in telefongespraechen "" ( use of local deixis on the telephone ) - frank beckmann : ereignisse , thematische rollen und die lizensierung von adverbialen in mittelkonstruktionen ( events , thematic roles and licensing adverbials in middle constructions ) for questions concerning the subscription of augias contact volkmar engerer . an augias website is in preparation . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dr . volkmar engerer , associate professor - lecturer in german / tysk lektor / deutscher lektor - the department of german / institut for germansk filologi university of aarhus / aarhus universitet ndr . ringgade , bygn . 326 dk-8000 arhus c denmark tel ( + 45 ) 8942 2109 fax ( + 45 ) 8619 1699 e - mail gerve @ hum . aau . dk homepage http : / / www . hum . aau . dk / dk / germansk / gerve / home . htm
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2422,"Subject: sociolinguistics
 
 mediated discourse as social interaction : a study of news discourse ron scollon , professor in the department of english , city university of hong kong . paper 0 582 32725 3 hardback 0 582 32726 1 336 pages 1998 language in social life series ' mediated discourse as social interaction ' makes an explicit link between media studies and social interactionalist discursive research where previously the two fields of study have been treated as separate disciplines . this text presents an integrated theory illustrated by ample concrete examples , bringing together the latest research in these two fields . it offers a critique to the sender-receiver model implicit in media studies , and argues for an analysis of media discourse as social interaction , on the one hand among journalists and newsmakers as a community of practice , and among readers and viewers as a spectating community of practice on the other . the book also argues for a coherent and interdiscursive methodology for the ethnographic study of the role of the news media in the social construction of identity and is based on a considerable body of ethnographic and textual analysis of both print and television news media . the theory of mediated discourse presented in this volume will be of great interest to advanced undergraduates and postgraduates studying media studies , sociology of language , discourse analysis , interactional sociolinguistics , ethnography of communication and applied linguistics . it will also be welcomed by scholars and professionals involved in research in these areas . further information on the books published in this series , and the table of contents for this title can be viewed at the longman linguistics on-line catalogue at : http : / / www . awl-he . com / linguistics for a complete listing of our world-wide offices , please click below : http : / / www . awl-he . com / offices
",0
2423,"Subject: computers and linguistics
 
 learner english on computer edited by sylviane granger , professor of english linguistics and language at the catholic university of louvain , belgium paper 0 582 29883 0 256 pages 1998 studies in language and linguistics series the first book of its kind , learner english on computer is intended to provide linguists , students of linguistics and other language and elt professionals with a highly accessible and comprehensive introduction to the new and rapidly-expanding field of corpus-based research into learner language . edited by the founder and co-ordinator of the international corpus of learner english ( icle ) , the book contains articles on all aspects of corpus compilation , design and analysis . * provides a comprehensive overview of the field , explaining links with corpus and applied linguistics , second language acquisition and elt * reviews the software tools which are currently available for analysing learner language and contains useful examples of how they can be used * contains eight case studies in which computer learner corpora are analysed * the articles contain a wide range of methodologies with broad general application * contains chapters which look at how computer learner corpus ( clc ) based studies can help improve pedagogical tools : efl grammars , dictionaries , writing textbooks and electronic tools . * implications for classroom methodology are also discussed . further information on the books published in this series , and the table of contents for this title can be viewed at the longman linguistics on-line catalogue at : http : / / www . awl-he . com / linguistics for a complete listing of our world-wide offices , please click below : http : / / www . awl-he . com / offices
",0
2424,"Subject: anthropological linguistics , vol . 40 , no . 1
 
 * * anthropological linguistics , volume 40 , number 1 ( spring 1998 ) * * contents tohono o ' odham ( papago ) plurals , jane h . hill and ofelia zepeda ethnolinguistic dimensions of northern arapaho language shift , jeffrey anderson semantic categorization in tibetan honorific nouns , scott delancey noun specification and classification in uzbek , christopher i . beckwith book reviews handbook of north american indians , volume 17 : languages ( ives goddard , editor , and william c . sturtevant , general editor ) , jeffrey heath athabaskan language studies : essays in honor of robert w . young ( eloise jelinek , sally midgette , keren rice , and leslie saxon , editors ) , victor golla northern haida songs ( john enrico and wendy bross stuart ) , charlotte j . frisbie quebec 's aboriginal languages : history , planning , development ( jacques maurais , editor ) , lynn mcalpine relating events in narrative : a crosslinguistic developmental study ( ruth a . berman and dan isaac slobin , et al . ) , wallace chafe untying the knot : on riddles and other enigmatic modes ( galit hasan - rokem and david shulman , editors ) , thomas a . green the linguistic individual ( barbara johnstone ) , neal r . norrick language use and language change in brunei darussalam ( peter w . martin , conrad ozog , and gloria poedjosoedarmo , editors ) , geoffrey c . gunn literacy and script reform in occupation japan : reading between the lines ( j . marshall unger ) , roy andrew miller ideology and status of sanskrit : contributions to the history of sanskrit language ( jan e . m . houben , editor ) , peter m . scharf * * * * * * * annual subscription rates ( for 4 issues ) : $ 30 for u . s . individuals ; $ 38 for non - u . s . individuals ; $ 65 for u . s . institutions ; $ 75 for non - u . s . institutions . payment should be in u . s . funds by check or postal money order made payable to anthropological linguistics . visa and mastercard are also accepted . subscriptions and inquires should be sent to : anthropological linguistics , student building 130 ( c ) , indiana university , bloomington , in 47405 usa ; fax : ( 812 ) 855-7529 ; e-mail : < anthling @ indiana . edu > . for abstracts and more information , visit our website at : http : / / www . indiana . edu / ~ anthling
",0
2425,"Subject: cfp : icsnl ' 98
 
 announcement and call for papers 33rd international conference on salish and neighboring languages university of washington , seattle , wa august 5 - 7 , 1998 papers on all aspects of the study , preservation , and teaching of salish and neighboring languages are welcome . the conference will be three full days : 9 : 00 a . m . through 5 : 00 p . m . on wednesday and friday , 9 : 00 a . m . through 9 : 00 p . m . on thursday . native language program presentations and papers of practical interest to teachers will be interspersed throughout the program on all days . all sessions will be plenary . reports on language programs will generally be 20 minutes long ; discussion will follow . every author of a preprint paper will be expected to present a 5 - minute , non-technical introduction to her / his work , geared toward a general audience unfamiliar with the paper . presenters may add an optional 5 minutes of technical introduction . discussion of the paper will follow . information on conference organizers , housing , submission , deadlines , and formats is available at : http : / / humanities . byu . edu / icsnl / icsnl . htm
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2426,"Subject: foreign language culture
 
 conference organizer : faculty of foreign languages laboratory of communicative teaching through cultural interaction . kursk state pedagogical university . 33 radischev street , kursk 305004 , russia tel . ( 071 22 ) 2-73 - 61 fax . ( 0712 ) 568461 e-mail : kgpu @ home . sovtest . ru international conference : the voice of the foreign language culture tentatively scheduled for october 12-16 , 1998 at kursk state pedagogical university , russia . goal : defining general approaches taken by russian and foreign methodologists to the problem of communicative pronunciation teaching . foreign language pronunciation , vital for communication , is a complex phenomenon difficult to investigate and not readily yielding to teaching guidance . no wonder , occasionally it will be declared irrelevant and the attention of the methodologists and teachers is concentrated on more learnable items : grammar and vocabulary . indeed , either the intuitive - imitative approach with its attention to the accuracy of pronunciation or the analytic - linguistic approach with its articulatory and contrastive information , or the cognitive approach which gives emphases to grammar , or the natural approach and the silent way with the attention to the supra - segmental structures have not met the needs of communication . however , this kind of neglect of pronunciation teaching is of short duration and it could not be otherwise for evident reasons . it is pronunciation that reflects the national character , culture and spirit of the nation , the social characteristics of the speaker , their aims , motives and emotions . you would not really respond adequately to what is being said without the proper awareness of the implications of the pronunciation system . moreover , even in the recognition of grammar and lexical units we mainly depend on pronunciation parameters . in fact , all speech activities have pronunciation roots . that is why we can not neglect teaching pronunciation if we want to prepare our students for actual communication . in the communicative approach adhered to in this institution , we demand a communicative paradigm of pronunciation teaching . it implies both the communicative aim of teaching and structuring the teaching process in accordance with the natural mechanisms of pronunciation acquisition . there is evidence that communicative approach to teaching pronunciation is gaining universal support . according to m . celces - murcia , d . m . brinton , j . m . goodwin in "" teaching pronunciation , "" _ cup _ , 1996 . . . teaching supra-segmental features ( rhythm , stress and intonation in a discourse context was the optimal way to organize a short - term pronunciation course . this idea sounds promising for a more fundamental course if we take into account the psychological nature of pronunciation acquisition . the objectives of the conference are as follows : emphasize social importance and necessity of correct pronunciation point out general problems of teaching fl pronunciation develop a communicative syllabus for teaching fl pronunciation and specify the teaching units and the context of teaching definine communicative strategies for pronunciation teaching specify the communicative model for teaching pronunciation and its correlation with natural speech mechanisms define the links of fl culture and pronunciation teaching analyze the communicative model of pronunciation teaching as a component of teacher education outline the linguistic foundation of communicative fl pronunciation teaching identify the links between pronunciation and grammar , vocabulary and pragmatic context . discussion groups on suggested topics : 1 . the social load and the status of pronunciation in multi-cultural society . 2 . pronunciation as an indicator of language proficiency and cultural level . 3 . communicative teaching of pronunciation as a basis for teaching fl speech . 4 . functional and linguistic aspects of pronunciation teaching . 5 . techniques of communicative teaching of fl pronunciation . we would be delighted to discuss the problems and share our experience with those of similar interests . we sincerely hope that the integral efforts of the participants of the conference will result in solving some of the problems and enrich our practical competence . first call for papers . the faculty of foreign languages and the laboratory of communicative fl teaching through cultural interaction at kursk state pedagogical university ( russia ) cordially invite colleagues from asia , africa , america and europe to participate in their international conference . we desire to share achievements , concerns and exchange expertise in teaching english , german and french phonetics and pronunciation . all teachers and methodologists are welcome to attend . papers of 2000 words will be published subsequently in the conference proceedings . final date for acceptance of applications and papers to the above address by 1 july 1998 . kursk , a city lacated 450 km to the south of moscow , is one of the oldest cities in russia with a number of attractions interesting from historical and cultural points of view . accomodation will be provided at the hotel kursk ( 40-60 $ per night ) . participants will also be offered to live in the appartments with russian families and the students ' dormitory . foreign particapants will be met in moscow and accompanied to kursk if required . we look forward to hearing from you . sincerely , nickolay smakhtin dean of the faculty of foreign languages vyacheslav buzhinsky head of the english language department
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2427,"Subject: technology & foreign language teaching
 
 transformations : technology , foreign languages , and undergraduate education the consortium for language teaching and learning and the section on foreign languages & literatures at the massachusetts institute of technology are pleased to announce a national conference , october 23-25 , 1998 . intended for foreign language faculty , administrators , directors of humanities computing , and language laboratory directors , this conference will examine the transformations of the foreign language classroom , the role of the teacher , the institutional mission , the curriculum , and the infrastructure in the light of developments in multimedia computer technology . the conference will not be an occasion for demonstrating hardware and software . instead , it seeks to pose new questions about fundamental changes that all foreign language programs and all institutions are currently undergoing . speakers will include jacqueline brown ( princeton university ) , gilberte furstenberg ( massachusetts institute of technology ) , henry jenkins ( massachusetts institute of technology ) , william a . johnson ( bucknell university ) , yoko koike ( haverford college ) , claire kramsch ( university of california at berkeley ) , karen landahl ( university of chicago ) , james s . noblitt ( university of north carolina at chapel hill ) , slava paperno ( cornell university ) , and thomas thornton ( massachusetts institute of technology ) . the conference will be held at the massachusetts institute of technology , cambridge , massachusetts , beginning friday afternoon , october 23 , 1998 , and concluding mid-day , sunday , october 25 , 1998 . the registration form is available as a downloadable adobe acrobat . pdf file , 49k . at : http : / / web . mit . edu / fll / www / conf98 /
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2428,"Subject: new book : dialects and variation
 
 american english dialects and variation walt wolfram and natalie schilling - estes north carolina state university and stanford university 1998 ~ 6 x 9 ~ 464 pages , 30 figures , 13 maps , 6 tables 0-631 - 20487 - 3 ~ paperback ~ $ 29 . 95 0-631 - 20486 - 5 ~ hardcover ~ $ 59 . 95 this book provides a readable , up-to - date description of language variation in american english , ranging from regional to ethnic to gender-based variation . the authors describe dialect situations that range from historically isolated and rural dialects to developing , urban ethnic varieties as they consider the descriptive , theoretical , and applied ramifications of dialects in american society . an appendix of major dialect structures in american english and a glossary of terms for non-specialists is included . to order please call blackwell publishers at : 1-800 - 216-2522
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2429,"Subject: new books : sociolinguistics
 
 sociolinguistics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ harold f . schiffman linguistic culture and language policy linguistic culture and language policy examines how language policy in three very different nations evolved and how it is not merely the specific embodiment of rule , but rather primarily a social construct that rests on other conceptual elements such as belief systems , attitudes and myths . by scrutinizing the multilingual democracies of india , france and the us , schiffman examines how language policies are formed within a broader framework and are heavily influenced by the covert and implicit grass-roots of its linguistic culture . by seeing language policy as culture-specific , we understand why language policies evolve , why they work - - or not - - and how people 's lives are affected by them . politics of language routledge : 1998 : 368 pp pb : 0 415 18406 1 : # d5174 : $ 29 . 99 : 18 . 99 salikoko s . mufwene , john r . rickford , guy bailey , and john baugh , african-american english structure , history and use african american english provides a timely , comprehensive , state of the art survey of linguistic research . the book examines the linguistics features of african american english ( aae ) , as well as the sociological , political and educational issues connected with it . the editors are leading experts in the field and along with other key figures , notably william labov , geneva smitherman and walt wolfram , they provide an authoritative , diverse guide to this topical subject area . drawing on many contemporary references , the oakland school controversy , the rap of ice - t , the contributors reflect the state of current scholarship on african american english , and actively dispel many misconceptions , address new questions and explore new approaches . routledge : 1998 : 328 pp cl : 0 415 11732 1 : # d4952 : $ 85 . 00 : 50 . 00 pb : 0 415 11733 x : # d4956 : $ 24 . 99 : 15 . 99 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
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2430,"Subject: new books : historical linguistics
 
 historical linguistics anna giacalone ramat and paolo ramat , eds . the indo-european languages not since 1937 has a classic reference work appeared for indo - european . this new work , however , steps forth to fill a major gap in this rapidly changing field by making full use of the recent achievements in linguistic theory . useful as both an introductory survey and a reference for advanced students and scholars , the volume provides insight into the variations in the way indo - european is studied while at the same time presenting a unified overview of indo - european . the only work available which combines the historical understanding of indo - european with a survey of its various sub-groups , this volume will be useful to a broad range of readers including students of historical linguistics and comparative philology , modern language students interested in the background on the languages they are studying , and anyone interested in the processes of language change and evolution . routledge language family descriptions routledge : 1998 : 552 pp cl : 0 415 06449 x : # c0977 : $ 160 . 00 : 95 . 00 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
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2431,"Subject: new books : language instruction
 
 language instruction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ daniel abondolo , colloquial finnish the complete course for beginners colloquial finnish is easy to use and completely up-to - date . specially written by experienced teachers for self-study or class use , the course offers you a step-by - step approach to written and spoken finnish . colloquial series routledge : 1998 : 0 pp 0 415 11391 1 : # d3439 : $ 44 . 99 : 25 . 76 daniel abondolo colloquial finnish the complete course for beginners these cassettes are recorded by native finnish speakers and can be used on their own or to accompany the book , helping you with pronunciation and listening skills . colloquial series routledge : 1998 : 0 pp cs : 0 415 11390 3 : # d3338 : $ 27 . 99 : 12 . 76 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
",0
2432,"Subject: going romance 1998
 
 call for papers going romance 1998 twelfth symposium on romance linguistics utrecht university , december 10-11 utrecht institute of linguistics ots ( uil ots ) holland institute of generative linguistics ( hil ) invited speakers : hans georg obenauer maria luisa rivero raffaella zanuttini abstracts are invited for thirty minutes talks ( with an additional ten minutes for discussion ) in all areas of romance linguistics from all theoretical perspectives . a selection of the papers will be published . abstracts should be anonymous , and should be no longer than two pages , including references and examples , with margins of at least 1 - inch , letter size 11 / 12 . submissions are limited to a maximum of one individual and one joint abstract per author . please provide 7 anonymous abstracts and one camera-ready original containing title , author 's name and affiliation . submissions by e-mail or fax can be accepted , provided a camera-ready original is received within one week after the deadline . a separate card should contain the title of the paper , author 's name , affiliation , address , telephone number and e-mail address . deadline for receipt of abstracts : september 18 , 1998 abstracts should be sent to the following address : going romance 1998 phone : 31-30 - 2536006 utrecht institute of linguistics ots fax : 31-30 - 2536000 utrecht university e - mail : going . romance @ let . uu . nl trans 10 3512jk utrecht the netherlands a workshop on ` acquiring and using the lexicon ' will be held on december 12 . this workshop is organized in collaboration with the cnrs ( france ) . a separate call for papers will follow . organizing committee : sergio baauw ( uil ots ) , denis delfitto ( uil ots / dept . of italian ) frank drijkoningen ( uil ots / dept . of french ) paola monachesi ( uil ots ) johan rooryck ( hil / leiden university ) jan schroten ( uil ots / dept . of spanish ) henriette de swart ( uil ots / dept . of french )
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2433,"Subject: nels 29 - - call for papers
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * n e l s 29 * * * * * * * * * * * * * annual meeting of the northeastern linguistic society * * * university of delaware , newark , de october 16-18 , 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = call for papers = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = one - page anonymous abstracts for talks or posters on any aspect of theoretical linguistics are requested . references , but no examples may be included on a separate page . individuals may submit no more than on abstract for which they are the primary author . submissions deadline : july 1 , 1998 paper and electronic submissions will be accepted ; fax submissions will not . abstracts should be single-spaced in 12 - pt times font ( except for phonetic transcriptions ) and sized for 8 . 5 "" x11 "" paper . top margins should be at least 1 . 5 inches , with at least one inch for the bottom and side margins . submissions should include : the title , the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , mailing and email addresses where the primary author can be reached over the summer , subfield of linguistics which the abstract represents , and whether the abstract is being submitted for consideration as a talk , poster , or both . for paper submissions , ten anonymous copies should be submitted , and the author information should be typed ona 3 "" x5 "" index card . for electronic submissions , follow the instructions at the nels 29 website : < http : / / sun . ling . udel . edu / nels - 29 > address for correspondance : * * * nels 29 abstracts committee department of linguistics 46 e . delaware avenue newark , de 19716 usa email : nels - 29 @ udel . edu unless otherwise indicated , acknowledgement of receipt will be via e-mail . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = registration information = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = preregistration fees * * * $ 20 ( us ) for students and $ 40 ( us ) for others before september 16 , 1998 . on - site registration fees * * * $ 25 ( us ) for students and $ 50 ( us ) for others for further information , please consult the nels 29 website or contact us at the e-mail address listed above .
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2434,"Subject: 2nd language acquisition
 
 strategies in learning and using a second language andrew d . cohen professor in the department of english as a second language , university of minnesota . paper 0-582 - 30588 - 8 312 pages 1998 applied linguistics and language study series longman ' strategies in learning and using a second language ' explores the topic of learner strategies - the ways in which language learners engage with the process of learning and communicating in a new language . the introduction to the book sets out the main theoretical issues , distinguishing language learning from language use strategies , and describing the main research methods for their investigation . the author presents innovative research linking the use of task-specific strategies with language performance . the volume then presents empirical research investigating the languages multilinguals select for their verbalized thoughts during language learning and language use . finally , the author presents empirical research focusing on the strategies learners use in language test-taking contexts . the volume is intended primarily for language teachers and researchers , as well as for administrators of second language programs . it is also highly suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate students of applied linguistics and will be of interest to foreign language students , stimulating them to reflect on their strategies for learning and using a second language . the chapters present questions and raise areas for further discussion and study , making the book suitable for those new to the field . at the same time , the provision of important new research will appeal to those with more advanced knowledge in the field . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - errors in language learning and use carl james senior lecturer in the linguistics department at the university of wales , bangor . paper 0-582 - 25763 - 8 320 pages 1998 applied linguistics and language study series longman ' errors in language learning and use ' is an up-to - date introduction and guide to the study of errors in language , and is also a critical survey of previous work . error analysis occupies a central position within applied linguistics , and seeks to clarify questions such as ` does correctness matter ? ' , ` is it more important to speak fluently and write imaginatively or to communicate one 's message ? ' this book provides a scholarly and well-illustrated theoretical and historical background to the field of error analysis . a range of relevant questions is addressed such as whether native speakers make errors , and whether ` good english ' for the native speaker is also good for the foreign learner . the reader is led from definitions of error and related concepts , to categorization of types of linguistic deviance , discussion of error gravities , the utility of teacher correction and towards writing learner profiles . throughout , the book is guided by considerable practical experience in language education in a range of classroom contexts worldwide . further information on the books published in this series , and the table of contents for these titles can be viewed at the longman linguistics on-line catalogue at : http : / / www . awl-he . com / linguistics for a complete listing of our world-wide offices , please click below : http : / / www . awl-he . com / offices
",0
2435,"Subject: lexical semantics systems - date changes
 
 change of date and extended deadline - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - wlss98 ii workshop on lexical semantics systems pisa , 6 - 7 april 1998 scuola normale superiore - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - organized by celi , ilc , itc-irst and scuola normale superiore with the support of university of pisa and xerox research centre europe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http : / / celi . sns . it / ~ wlss98 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - invited speakers ( provisional list ) gennaro chierchia ( university of milan ) christiane fellbaum ( princeton university ) ewan klein ( university of edimburgh ) hinrich schuetze ( rank xerox ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers wlss98 is organized by centro per l ' elaborazione del linguaggio ed informazione ( celi ) , istituto di linguistica computazionale ( ilc ) , istituto per la ricerca scientifica e tecnologia ( itc-irst ) and scuola normale superiore ( pisa ) , and will take place in pisa on the 6 - 7 april 1998 ( instead of the 19-20 march , as it was announced in previous messages ) . wlss workshops aim at bringing together italian and international scholars , active in both theoretical and applicative domains of research in lexical semantics , with the goals of : - providing an overview of the state of the art and exchanging information on ongoing and planned activities ; - bridging the gap and enhance the trade-off between theoretical models of lexical knowledge and applications in nlp systems . these goals are justified : - by the increasingly central position that lexical knowledge , and in particular lexical semantics , is assuming within the general architecture of cognitive systems , both as a dynamic module which interact with other non-linguistic sources of knowledge , and as a component playing a major role in interfacing syntax and semantics ; - by the fact that lexical resources ( such as tagged corpora , computational dictionaries , machine readable dictionaries , wordnets ) are among the most crucial aspects of practical nlp systems . issues concerning the structure , the representation , the development , and the acquisition of lexical knowledge are thus of the uttermost importance when building nlp systems . lexical systems also play a crucial role in the design and construction of multilingual systems , a key feature at least for applications designed to operate in a distributed , non - centralized environment such as the world wide web . this second edition of wlss will focus on the portability and reusability of lexical systems , and on the issue of word sense disambiguation and semantic tagging . we also encourage the submission of papers concerning more general issues about linguistic lexical semantics and its interaction with computational lexicography . abstracts are invited for 30 - minute talks . here follows a non - exhaustive list of topics which could be addressed : * lexical resources for semantic tagging and word sense disambiguation . * use of lexicons and thesauruses to improve information retrieval / extraction techniques . * automatic acquisition and management of lexical resources . * reusability and tuning of existing lexical resources for novel tasks . * trade offs between generic and domain specific lexical resources . * multilingual lexical resources . * description and evaluation of existing tools and systems . * evaluation of different representation formats . * issues in computational lexical semantics and computational lexicography . * issues in the design , construction and use of lexical resources . * architecture for a cognitive plausible lexicon * lexical representation and the interface with syntactic processes * * change * * extended deadline for submissions * * change * * only electronic submissions are accepted . abstracts should not exceed 2 pages in length , in postscript or ascii format , and should be sent to the following address : wlss98 @ celi . sns . it . separate information should be sent , including the title of the talk , author 's name , address and affiliation . submissions must be limited to a maximum of one individual and one joint abstract per author . the deadline is : 20 january 1998 . the program committee intends to publish a selection of the papers presented at the conference . * * change * * important dates * * change * * submission of abstracts : 20 january 1998 notification of acceptance : 28 february 1998 conference : 6 - 7 april 1998 program committee pier marco bertinetto ( scuola normale superiore ) nicoletta calzolari ( ilc ) luca dini ( celi ) vittorio di tomaso ( celi ) alessandro lenci ( scuola normale superiore ) bernardo magnini ( irst ) fabio pianesi ( irst ) frederique segond ( xrce ) antonio zampolli ( ilc ) contact persons for every further information please contact the conference secretariat : vittorio di tomaso celi ditomaso @ sns . it alessandro lenci scuola normale superiore lenci @ alphalinguistica . sns . it scuola normale superiore laboratorio di linguistica piazza dei cavalieri 7 56126 pisa ( italy ) tel . + 39 50 509219 fax : + 39 50 563513 more information on the workshop and a copy of this call for papers is available on the web at the following address : http : / / celi . sns . it / ~ wlss98
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2436,"Subject: coling-acl ' 98 computerm workshop
 
 acl / coling-98 ( association for computational linguistics / conference on computational linguistics ) computerm workshop first workshop on computational terminology august 15 , 1998 ( immediately following acl / coling-98 ) university of montreal , montreal ( quebec , canada ) preliminary call for papers description the workshop will provide a forum to bring together researchers from the fields of computational linguistics , terminology , automated translation , information retrieval and lexicography who share an interest in computational aspects of terminology processing : acquisition , extraction , indexing , machine-aided thesaurus building , dictionary construction , etc . the aim of the workshop is to stimulate the exchange of innovative ideas and results of diverse aspects of automatic term processing in order to bridge the gap between these fields . topics the topics of the workshop include ( but are not limited to ) : - construction of terminology resources - semi - or automatic acquisition of terms - semi - or automatic acquisition of conceptual knowledge - thesaurus construction and maintenance - use of terminology resources ( term banks , thesauri , specialized lexicons , . . . ) - terms in information retrieval ( stemming , automatic indexing , query expansion , . . . ) - multi - lingual terminological resources for cross-language ir - terminology management in machine-aided translation - terminology and nlp ( parsing , tagging , text understanding , generation , . . . ) - terminology processing for other applications submissions only hard-copy submissions will be accepted . authors should submit six ( 6 ) copies of their full-length paper ( 3500-5000 words ) . submissions should be sent : didier bourigault laboratoire de linguistique informatique universite paris xiii avenue j . - b . clement f-93430 villetaneuse france style files and templates for preparing submissions http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / styles . html the official language of the conference is english . however , papers can also be submitted in french . the final version of the papers will be accompanied by two long abstracts in two different languages . all the presentation at the workshop will be given in english . important deadlines submission deadline : march 23 , 1998 notification date : may 15 , 1998 camera ready copy due : june 15 , 1998 scientific committee khurshid ahmad ( university of surrey , uk ) sophia ananiadou ( manchester metropolitan university , manchester , uk ) peter anick ( digital equipment corporation , usa ) teresa cabre ( university pompeu fabra , barcelone , spain ) ken church ( at&t labs research , usa ) anne condamines ( cnrs , toulouse , france ) bruce croft ( university of massachusetts , usa ) ido dagan ( bar ilan university , israel ) beatrice daille ( irin nantes , france ) pascale fung ( hong kong university of science and technology , hong kong ) eric gaussier ( xerox research centre europe , france ) gregory grefenstette ( xerox research centre europe , france ) stephanie haas ( university of north carolina , usa ) benoit habert ( limsi & ens fontenay - st cloud , france ) ulrich heid ( universitaet stuttgart , stuttgart , germany ) kyo kageura ( nacsis , tokyo , japan ) judith klavans ( columbia univesity , usa ) robert krovetz ( nec research institute , usa ) robert losee ( university of north carolina , usa ) ingrid meyer ( university of ottawa , ottawa , canada ) jian - yun nie ( university of montreal , montreal , canada ) padmini srinivasan ( the university of iowa , usa ) tomek strzalkowski ( general electric company , usa ) evelyne tzoukermann ( bell labs innovations , lucent technologies , usa ) richard wojcik ( boeing company , usa ) pierre zweigenbaum ( ap-hp & universite paris 6 , france ) organizers didier bourigault ( cnrs and universite paris xiii , paris , france ) christian jacquemin ( iut de nantes , france ) marie - claude l ' homme ( universite de montreal , montreal , canada ) email contact mailto : db @ lli . univ-paris 13 . fr , christian . jacquemin @ iut-nantes . univ-nantes . fr , lhommem @ ere . umontreal . ca
",0
2437,"Subject: distributing and accessing linguistic resources
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * distributing and accessing linguistic resources * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * may 27th , this workshop is part of first international conference on language resources and evaluation at the university of granada , may 26th to 30th 1998 ( see http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra . html for details and how to register ) . the workshop will discuss ways to increase the efficacy of linguistic resource distribution and programmatic access , and work towards the definition of a new method for these tasks based on distributed processing and object-oriented modelling with deployment on the www . organizers : yorick wilks , wim peters , hamish cunningham , remi zajac papers the following papers will be presented in order of enumeration . after each 15 minute presentation there will be 5 minutes for discussion . distributed thesaurus storage and access in a cultural domain application s . boutsis , b . georgantopoulos , s . piperidis institute for language and speech processing , athens a new model for language resource access and distribution w . peters , h . cunningham , y . wilks , c . mccauley university of sheffield reuse and integration of nlp components in the calypso architecture r . zajac new mexico state university corpus - based research using the internet h . brugman , a . russel , p . wittenburg max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen the cue corpus access tool o . mason university of birmingham linguistic research utilizing the edr electronic dictionary as a linguistic resource t . ogino edr , japan posters the following posters will be on display during the workshop , and presentations are planned during the breaks : tractor : telri research archive of computational tools and resources r . krishnamurthy university of birmingham web - surfing the lexicon d . cabrero , m . vilares , l . docampo , s . sotelo ramon pineiro research centre / universities of coruna and santiago exploring distributed mt o . streiter , a . schmidt - wigger , u . reuther , c . pease iai saarbruecken a proposal for an on - line lexical database p . cassidy micra , inc . panel discussion : the final part of the workshop will consist of a panel discussion on : distributing and accessing linguistic resources the panel participants are : khalid choukri , eduard hovy , judith klavans , yorick wilks , and antonio zampolli . workshop scope and aims - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - in general the reuse of of nlp data resources ( such as lexicons or corpora ) has exceeded that of algorithmic resources ( such as lemmatisers or parsers ) . however , there are still two barriers to data resource reuse : 1 ) each resource has its own representation syntax and corresponding programmatic access mode ( e . g . sql for celex , c or prolog for wordnet , sgml for the bnc ) ; 2 ) resources must generally be installed locally to be usable ( and of course precisely how this happens , what operating systems are supported etc . varies from case to case ) . the consequences of 1 ) are that although resources share some structure in common ( lexicons are organised around words , for example ) this commonality is wasted when it comes to using a new resource ( the developer has to learn everything afresh each time ) and that work which seeks to investigate or exploit commonalities between resources ( e . g . to link several lexicons to an ontology ) has to first build a layer of access routines on top of each resources . so , for example , if we wish to do task-based evaluation of lexicons by measuring the relative performance of an information extraction system with different instantiations of lexical resource , we might end up writing code to translate several different resources into sql or sgml . the consequence of 2 ) is that there is no way to "" try before you buy "" : no way to examine a data resource for its suitability for your needs before licencing it . correspondingly there is no way for a resource provider to expose limitted access to their products for advertising purposes , or gain revenue through piecemeal supply of sections of a resource . this workshop will discuss ways to overcome these barriers . the proposers will discuss a new method for distributing and accessing language resources involving the development of a common programmatic model of the various resources types , implemented in corba idl and / or java , along with a distributed server for non-local access . this model is being designed as part of the gate project ( general architecture for text engineering : http : / / www . dcs . shef . ac . uk / research / groups / nlp / gate / ) and goes under the provisional title of an active creole server . ( creole : collection of reusable objects for language engineering . currently creole supports only algortihmic objects , but will be extended to data objects . ) a common model of language data resources would be a set of inheritance hierarchies making up a forest or set of graphs . at the top of the hierarchies would be very general abstractions from resources ( e . g . lexicons are about words ) ; at the leaves would be data items that were specific to individual resources . programmatic access would be available at all levels , allowing the developer to select an appropriate level of commonality for each application . note that although an exciting element of the work could be to provide algorithms to dynamically merge common resources what we ' re suggesting initially is not to develop anything substantively new , but simply to improve access to existing resources . this is not a new standards initiative , but a way to build on previous initiatives . of course , the production of a common model that fully expressed all the subtleties of all resources would be a large undertaking , but we believe that it can be done incrementally , with useful results at each stage . early versions will stop decomposing the object structure of resources at a fairly high level , leaving the developer to handle the data structures native to the resources at the leaves of the forest . there should still be a substantial benefit in uniform access to higher level strucures . program committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - yorick wilks hamish cunningham wim peters remi zajac roberta catizone paola velardi maria teresa pazienza roberto basili bran boguraev sergei nirenburg james pustejowsky ralph grishman christiane fellbaum
",0
2438,"Subject: optimality theory
 
 optimal viewpoints , stuart davis , editor . 138 pp . prepaid orders by u . s . check or money order . $ 15 . 00 + p&h : $ 3 . 50 us , $ 5 . 00 can , $ 5 . 50 other . iulc publications , 720 e . atwater ave . , bloomington , in 47401 usa . < iulc @ indiana . edu > http : / / php . indiana . edu / ~ iulc / this year the indiana university linguistics club celebrates its 30th anniversary with the publication of _ optimal viewpoints _ representing current work on optimality theory by students , faculty and alumni of the department of linguistics at indiana university . the papers in the volume cover phenomena of current theoretical interest in morphology , first language acquisition , phonology and syntax . contents are as follows : _ the optimal compound : optimality theory and the typology of synthetic compounds _ . heather anderson offers an ot analysis of word order in synthetic compounds by demonstrating how the difference between vo and ov languages with respect to synthetic compounds falls out from the ranking of the relevant constraints in an optimality-theoretic grammar . _ the representation of on - glides in american english : evidence from phonologically disordered systems _ . in this ot application to english acquisitional phonology , jessica barlow examines the productions of consonant-glide clusters from several children over a period of time , and relates her findings to the issue of whether the glide in a consonant-glide sequence functions as part of the onset or part of the nucleus . _ output configurations in phonology : epenthesis and syncope in cairene arabic _ . stuart davis and bushra adnan zawaydeh examine the output configurations created by syncope and epenthesis processes in cairene arabic . in cases where the ot prediction that the output shapes of syncope and epenthesis processes should be symmetrical is not maintained , there is an overriding base-identity constraint that plays a key role . _ variation in acquisition : an optimal approach _ . in this paper , katherine demuth shows than an ot analysis can account for multiple optimal outputs in acquisitional phonology in terms of partially ordered constraint rankings , or stratified domination hierarchies . _ topic - oriented null arguments in korean and optimality theory _ . jong - kyoo kim offers an ot analysis of null arguments , both subject and object arguments , in korean based on the domination of topic-related constraints over projection-related constraints . kim also develops a general pro-drop typology which reflects a differential ranking of constraints . _ correspondence in kyungsang korean truncation _ . seung - hoon shin examines a range of data on truncated words in the kyungsang dialect of korean including hypocoristics , truncated compounds , and loanword truncation . shin shows clear evidence that truncated words can be based on the underlying input rather than on a fully syllabified output .
",0
2439,"Subject: syntax and semantics of tense and mood selection
 
 conference on syntax and semantics of tense and mood selection 2 - 4 july , 1998 department of education and communications sciences university of bergamo organisers : alessandra giorgi , university of bergamo , giorgi @ ibguniv . unibg . it fabio pianesi , irst , trento , pianesi @ irst . itc . it local organisation : dott . a molani sig . ra michela perrottelli secretary of the department : sig . ra flora drago flora @ ibguniv . unibg . it tel : + 39 - ( 0 ) 35-277421 registration : wednesday , 6 - 7 . 30 pm , room 14 , piazza vecchia 8 ( bergamo alta ) thursday , july 2nd , 1998 registration and conference site : room 5 , via salvecchio 19 ( bergamo alta ) 9 . 00 - 9 . 15 opening address - prof . a . castoldi ( dean of the faculty ) and prof . m . ceruti ( head of the department ) 9 . 15 - 10 . 15 j . higginbotham ( invited speaker - somerville college , oxford ) - "" temporal subordination in english "" 10 . 15 - 10 . 30 break 10 . 30 - 11 . 10 m . hackl & j . nissenbaum ( mit ) - "" variable modal force in for - infinitival relative clauses "" 11 . 10 - 11 . 50 a . giannakidou ( amsterdam ) & f . zwarts ( groeningen ) "" semantic restrictions on tense / aspect combinations with temporal connectives "" 11 . 50 - 12 . 50 a . von stechow ( invited speaker - tuebingen ) - "" where is anteriority in ( german ) perfect constructions ? "" 12 . 50 - 14 lunch 14 . 00 - 15 . 00 a . bonomi ( invited speaker - milano ) - "" semantical considerations on the progressive reading of the imperfective . "" 15 . 00 - 15 . 40 s . rothstein ( bar - ilan ) - "" achievements and progressives "" 15 . 40 - 16 . 20 g . a . broadwell ( albany ) & g . brugger ( ucla ) - "" variability in aspectual orientation : the perfective in choctaw "" 16 . 20 - 16 . 40 break 16 . 40 - 17 . 20 r . amritavalli ( hyderabad ) - "" tense , aspect and mood in kannada "" 17 . 20 - 18 . 00 n . duffield ( mcgill , montreal ) - "" deriving temporal and modal interpretation in vietnamese "" 18 . 00 - 19 . 00 t . stowell ( invited speaker - ucla ) - "" sequence of tense and indexicality "" friday , july 3rd , 1998 conference site : room 5 , via salvecchio 19 ( bergamo alta ) 9 . 00 - 10 . 00 p . molinelli ( invited speaker - bergamo ) - "" sequence of tense and mood selection in late latin "" 10 . 00 - 10 . 40 a . mittwoch ( jerusalem ) - "" tense for the quick and the dead "" 10 . 40 - 11 . 00 break 11 . 00 - 11 . 40 t . moia ( lisboa ) - "" on the semantics of temporal connectives expressing anteriority and posteriority "" 11 . 40 - 12 . 40 s . iatridou ( invited speaker - mit ) - "" the role of tense , mood and aspect in the expression of counterfactuality "" 12 . 40 - 14 . 00 lunch 14 . 00 - 15 . 00 g . cinque ( invited speaker - venezia ) - "" on the order of tense and aspect heads "" 15 . 00 - 15 . 40 h . demirdache ( vancouver ) & m . uribe - etxebarria ( vitoria - gasteiz ) - "" towards a restrictive theory of the diversity of temporal systems "" 15 . 40 - 16 . 20 t . bhattacharya ( ucl , london ) - "" the subjunctive in bangla "" 16 . 20 - 16 . 40 break 16 . 40 - 17 . 40 d . abusch ( invited speaker - stuttgart ) - "" toward a compositional representation for tense , infinitivals and futurity . "" 17 . 40 - 18 . 00 break 18 . 00 - 19 . 30 plenary discussion - chairs : i . heim ( mit ) & j . higginbotham ( oxford ) 20 . 30 social dinner saturday , july 4th , 1998 conference site : room 5 , via salvecchio 19 ( bergamo alta ) 9 . 30 - 10 . 30 a . giorgi ( bergamo ) & f . pianesi ( itc-irst , trento ) - "" generalised double access reading "" 10 . 30 - 11 . 10 b . hollebrandse ( umass , amherst ) - "" the acquisition of sequence of tense "" 11 . 10 - 11 . 30 break 11 . 30 - 12 . 10 g . katz ( tuebingen ) - "" present - oriented constructions and the perfectivity parameter "" 12 . 10 - 13 . 10 h . kamp ( invited speaker - stuttgart ) - "" deixis and context dependence of time denoting nps and temporal adverbs "" alternates kiyomi kusumoto ( amherst ) - "" a theory of sequence of tense : evidence from a non - sequence-of - tense language "" c . gronemeyer ( lund ) - "" the syntactic basis of evidentiality in lithuanian "" m . r . manzini ( firenze ) - "" the syntax of the subjunctive "" m . ippolito ( mit ) - "" reference time and tense anaphora "" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - how to get to bergamo : milano linate and milano malpensa are the closest international airports . bergamo is about 30 miles away from milan . a taxi from linate to bergamo would cost approximately 80 $ . a taxi from malpensa would cost approximately 120 $ . - if you arrive at milano linate take the bus to "" milano centrale "" station ; the bus leaves every 20 minutes and takes 15 minutes to arrive at the station . - if you arrive at milano malpensa take the bus to "" milano centrale "" station ; the bus leaves every half an hour and takes almost an hour to arrive at the station . - from milano centrale there are some trains to bergamo . otherwise , take the metro from centrale to milano porta garibaldi station ( two stops on the green line ) ; here you find more trains to bergamo . some trains go directly from milan to bergamo , others stop in carnate usmate , where you have to get a connection train to bergamo : both ways take the same time ( 50 minutes ) and cost the same . just take the first train leaving either to carnate or to bergamo . - from venice ( or padua ) : take a train going toward milan and get off in brescia . take the first train to bergamo ( 50 minutes ) . please notice that there are no trains during the night ( after 11pm ) ! more detailed information about trains can be found at the www of ferrovie dello stato ( italian railways ) , where train schedule , bookings , etc . . are also available . the address is : http : / / www . fs-on - line . com / - there is a small airport in bergamo : orio al serio . check at your travel agency whether there are connecting flights which might be useful to you . - once in bergamo : the conference site is in bergamo alta ( the ancient town ) . buy a bus ticket ( about $ 1 ) , take the bus number 1 to the funicolare and then with the same ticket you can take the funicular to the top . addresses and fax numbers : a . giorgi dept . of education and communications sciences university of bergamo piazza vecchia 8 24 100 bergamo , italy giorgi @ ibguniv . unibg . it fax 39-35 - 235136 ; from june 19 : 39-035 - 235136 pianesi @ irst . itc . it fax 39-461 - 302040 ; from june 19 : 39-0461 - 302040 secretary , ms flora drago : flora @ ibguniv . unibg . it fax 39-35 - 235136 ; from june 19 : 39-035 - 235136 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hotels sr = single room dr = double room bergamo alta ( the ancient town , where the conference will take place ) . hotel name san lorenzo , piazza mascheroni 9 sr : itl 138 . 000 breakfast incl . tel . 035-237383 ; fax 035-261661 dr : itl 198 . 000 breakfast incl . san vigilio , via san vigilio 15 dr : itl 170 . 000 no breakfast incl . tel . 035-253179 ; fax 035-402081 agnello d ' oro , via gombito 22 sr : itl 75 . 000 no breakfast incl . tel . 035-249883 ; fax 035 - 235612 dr : itl 125 . 000 no breakfast incl . bergamo bassa ( very close to bergamo alta , 10 minutes by bus / funicular , and very well connected even at night ) arli , largo porta nuova 12 sr : itl 128 . 000 no breakfast incl . tel . 035-222014 ; fax 035-239732 dr : itl 160 . 000 no breakfast incl . piemontese , p . le g . marconi 11 sr : itl 96 . 000 breakfast incl . tel . 035-242629 ; fax 035-230400 dr : itl 136 . 000 breakfast incl . commercio , via tasso 88 sr : ilt 77 . 000 breakfast incl . tel . 035-224096 ; fax 035-220451 dr : itl 110 . 000 breakfast incl . san giorgio , via san giorgio 10 sr : itl 55 . 000 no breakfast incl . tel . 035-212043 ; fax 035 - 310072 dr : itl 90 . 000 no breakfast incl . youth hostel , via galileo ferraris 1 , tel & fax : 035-361724 for further travel information you can contact : agenzia viaggi lorandi , tel . 035-222244 ; fax 035-225053 please notice that it is necessary to reserve in advance , because summer is "" high season "" and last minute arrangements might fail . important : if you want to attend the conference , please send us an e-mail message , or a fax !
",0
2440,"Subject: tromsoe conference on vo and ov
 
 conference roster what : "" vo and ov "" where : university of tromsoe when : 22-23 may , 1998 who : sjef barbiers , leiden university / hil the right-periphery in sov languages : english and dutch michael brody , hungarian academy of science mirror theory and word order hubert haider , university of salzburg ov is more basic than ov alison henry , university of ulster at jordanstown ov phenomena in vo languages - belfast english and ulster irish roland hinterhoelzl , university of southern california licensing movement and stranding in the west germanic ov languages anders holmberg , university of tromsoe ov in finnish thorbjoerg hroarsdottir , university of tromsoe parameter change in icelandic matt pearson , ucla two types of vo languages susan pintzuk , university of york verb - complement word order in old english vaijayanthi sarma , mit a derivational analysis of non-canonical word orders in certain sov languages peter svenonius , university of tromsoe negative object fronting in icelandic tarald taraldsen , university of tromsoe v - movement versus vp - movement in derivations leading to vo order for further information contact peter svenonius , sven @ isl . uit . no
",0
2441,"Subject: iatl 14
 
 israel association for theoretical linguistics forteenth annual conference we enclose details about accommodation , travel and the schedule for iatl 14 , to be held be held in ben gurion university , beer sheva , on june 8 - 9 1998 . we hope you will be able to join us . accommodation : people wishing to book accommodation should contact ariel cohen ( arikc @ bgumail . bgu . ac . il ) asap . there are three main options : * beersheva hilton : single 95 $ , double 115 $ , suite 220 $ ( all prices per night and include breakfast , the prices do not include 17 % vat ) . * neot midbar hotel : single 56 $ , double 74 $ , triple 104 $ , lunch 13 $ , dinner 22 $ ( at the red sand grill restaurant ) . * bgu dorms : shared apartment : 179 nis ( approx 50 $ ) for one night , or 330 nis ( = 93 $ approx ) for up to a week . own apartment ( suitable for a couple ) : 265 nis for one night , or 549 nis for up to a week . travel : beersheva is well connected to both telaviv and jerusalem by fast , air conditioned egged buses ; ask driver for ben gurion university stop . once you ' re safely off the bus , cross the road , main entrance becomes visible immediately . drivers : turn left to ben gurion ave . , which is the street running south of the university and north of a big hospital . take the second left turn ( a turn without a traffic light ; if you hit a light , you have driven too far ) . you will see two gates with barriers ; pick the one on the left - this is the visitors ( paid ) parking . schedule : monday morning ( june 8 ) ( conference hall ) 10 : 30-11 : 00 registration and coffee 11 : 00-11 : 10 greetings 11 : 10-12 : 20 invited talk : g . cinque ( venice ) adverbs and functional heads 12 : 20-13 : 00 s . zuckerman ( groningen ) no true optionality 13 : 00-14 : 30 lunch monday afternoon ( june 8 ) ( conference hall ) 14 : 30-15 : 10 j . quer ( utrecht ) free relatives and the contribution of mood shift 15 : 10-15 : 50 i . landau ( mit ) on possessor raising in hebrew 15 : 50-16 : 30 a . grosu ( tel aviv ) carlsonian contexts are all ` filters ' not ` plugs ' 16 : 30-17 : 00 coffee 17 : 00-17 : 40 d . kolliakou ( newcastle / jerusalem ) linkhood and the syntax of definites 17 : 40-18 : 20 s . wintner ( tuebingen ) definiteness agreement and inheritance in hebrew 20 : 00 dinner tuesday morning ( june 9 ) ( conference hall ) 10 : 30-11 : 00 coffee 11 : 00-11 : 40 k . wexler ( mit ) , j . schaeffer ( beersheva ) , g . bol ( groningen ) verbal syntax and morphology in dutch normal and sli children 11 : 40-12 : 20 i . elisha ( bar ilan ) the minimal competence hypothesis in functional categories and child language 12 : 20-13 : 00 w . sandler ( haifa ) / m . nespor ( amsterdam ) prosodic phonology in sign language 13 : 00-14 : 40 lunch tuesday afternoon ( june 9 ) ( conference hall ) 14 : 40-15 : 20 s . rothstein ( bar ilan ) achievements and progressives 15 : 20-16 : 00 g . brugger ( los angeles ) time points and temporal modification 16 : 00-16 . 30 coffee 16 : 30-17 : 10 b . ritter ( calgary ) agreement in the semitic prefix conjugation : evidence for a non-linear approach to person , number and gender agreement 17 . 10-17 . 50 a . sherman ( santa cruz ) roots and correspondence : denominal verbs in modern hebrew
",0
2442,"Subject: dependency - based grammars at coling - acl
 
 coling - acl ' 98 workshop "" processing of dependency - based grammars "" program saturday , august 15 , 1998 universit de montral montral , canada this one-day workshop will be a meeting point for researchers interested in the implementation of dependency - based grammars ( dgs ) . it will be a forum for presenting different theoretical approaches to dgs , as well as strategies adopted for their implementation . although the focus of this workshop is on dgs , it also aims at establishing connections between different approaches to the modeling and implementation of grammatical phenomena . nine papers have been selected for presentation at the workshop . additionally , four "" short "" papers will be included in the worhsop proceedings . this is the pre-final program for the workshop . the schedule is tentative and may vary slightly . remember that you have to register for the workshop . information about registration can be found at the coling - acl site : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / mainpage . html . schedule for presentations 9h15 - 9h30 opening address 9h30 - 10h00 towards an implementable dependency grammar timo jrvinen and pasi tapanaimen 10h00 - 10h30 unit coordination and gapping in dependency theory vincenzo lombardo and leonardo lesmo 10h30 - 11h00 a type of natural measures of word order freedom toms holan , vladislav kubon , karel oliva and martin pltek 11h00 - 11h15 coffee break 11h15 - 11h45 how to define a context-free backbone for dgs : an experiment in grammar conversion norbert brker 11h45 - 12h15 types of syntagmatic grammatical relations and their representation elke teich 12h15 - 13h30 lunch 13h30 - 14h00 movement rules revisited eva hajicov 14h00 - 14h30 integration of syntactic and lexical information in a hierarchical dependency grammar cristina barbero , leonardo lesmo , vincenzo lombardo and paola merlo 14h30 - 14h45 coffee break 14h45 - 15h15 on parsing binary dependency structures deterministically in linear time harri arnola 15h15 - 15h45 decision procedures for dependency parsing using graded constraints wolfgang menzel and ingo schrder 15h45 - 16h00 closing address short papers * a case study in implementing dependency-based grammars marie bourdon , lyne da sylva , michel gagnon , alma kharrat , sonja knoll and anna maclachlan * parsing with dependency relations and robust parsing jacques courtin and damien genthial * complements and adjuncts in depending grammar parsing emulated by a constrained context - free grammar tom b . y . lai and huang changning * an annotated corpus in japanese using tesnire 's structural syntax yves lepage , ando shin - ichi , akamine susumu and iida hitoshi for information concerning the workshop , please contact either member of the organizing committee . organizing committee sylvain kahane ( talana paris vii / universit paris x ; email : sk @ ccr . jussieu . fr ) alain polgure ( omtl universit de montral ; email : polguera @ ere . umontreal . ca ) program committee * anne abeill ( universit paris vii ) * michael a . covington ( university of georgia ) * michael elhadad ( ben - gurion university ) * sylvain kahane ( talana universit paris vii / universit paris x ) * dick hudson ( university college london ) * igor mel ' cuk ( universit de montral ) * alexis nasr ( universit d ' avignon ) * alain polgure ( omtl universit de montral ) * petr sgall ( charles university ) * jacques vergne ( universit de caen )
",0
2443,"Subject: beyond boundaries ii
 
 european studies research institute university of salford with the universit de toulouse - le mirail call for papers international conference 19-21 february 1999 ' beyond boundaries ii : new europe . . . pan europe ? trajectories and destinations ' following the success of the first ' beyond boundaries ' cross-disciplinary conference in this series , the european studies research institute ( esri ) , with the universit de toulouse - le mirail , is inviting proposals for papers for the above conference . esri comprises four centres : contemporary history and politics , language and linguistics , literary and cultural studies and policy studies . among the themes to be discussed across these centres and in a series of parallel sessions are : discourses and communities , languages , literatures and cultures , ethnicity and national identity . . . the centre for language and linguistics invites submissions for : sociolinguistically orientated papers on themes including : * language , ethnicity and identity * language and variation * linguistic minorities , language politics and language contact * translation , cultures and discourses and for papers to be presented at a : * ' time and space in language and cognition workshop ' , organised by diane blakemore ( esri ) and jasques durand ( equipe de recherche en syntaxe et smantique , cnrs , and dpartement d ' etudes du monde anglophone , toulouse - le mirail ) in association with the north west centre for linguistics . the centre 's keynote speaker will be professor jenny cheshire , who is professor of linguistics at queen mary & westfield college , university of london with a special interest in sociolinguistics . for further information , please contact : professor diane blakemore , department of modern languages , university of salford , salford , greater manchester , m5 4wt uk . telephone : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 4948 facsimile : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 5223 . e - mail : d . blakemore @ mod-lang . salford . ac . uk or : ms charlotte hoffmann , department of modern languages , university of salford , salford , greater manchester , m5 4wt , uk . telephone : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 4390 . facsimile : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 5223 e - mail : c . hoffmann @ mod-lang . salford . ac . uk abstracts ( maximum 300 words ) with title , name , address , institution and status ( where applicable ) should be sent by friday 4 september 1998 to : professor geoff harris , director european studies research institute ( esri ) university of salford salford , greater manchester m5 4wt , uk telephone : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 5275 facsimile : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 5223 e - mail : g . t . harris @ mod-lang . salford . ac . uk
",0
2444,"Subject: international summer school on speech processing
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * international summer school "" neural nets e . r . caianiello "" 3rd course "" a course on speech processing , recognition , and artificial neural networks "" * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * web page : http : / / wsfalco . ing . uniroma1 . it / speeschool . html the school is jointly organized by : international institute for advanced scientific studies ( iiass ) vietri sul mare ( sa ) italy , ettore majorana foundation and center for scientific culture ( emfcsc ) erice ( tr ) , italy supported by : european speech communication association ( esca ) sponsored by : salerno university , dipartimento di scienze fisiche e . r . caianiello ( italy ) directors of the course directors of the school and organizing committee : gerard chollet ( france ) . maria marinaro ( italy ) m . gabriella di benedetto ( italy ) michael jordan ( usa ) anna esposito ( italy ) maria marinaro ( italy ) place : international institute for advanced scientific studies ( iiass ) via pellegrino 19 , 84019 vietri sul mare , salerno ( italy ) dates : 5th - 14th october 1998 student fee : 1500 dollars student fee include accommodations ( arranged by the school ) , meals , one day of excursion , and a copy of the proceedings of the school . transportation is not included . a few scholarships are available for students who are otherwise unable to participate at the school , and who cannot apply for the grants offered by esca . the scholarship will partially cover lodging and living expenses . day time : 3 hour in the morning , three hour in the afternoon . day free : one day with an excursion of the places around . aims : the aim of this school is to present the experiments , the theories and the perspectives of acoustic phonetics , as well as to discuss recent results in the speech literature . the school aims to provide a background for further study in many of the fields related to speech science and linguistics , including automatic speech recognition . the school will bring together leading researchers and selected students in the field of speech science and technology to discuss and disseminate the latest techniques . the school is devoted to an international audience and in particular to all students and scientists who are working on some aspects of speech and want to learn other aspects of this discipline . major topics the school will cover a number of broad themes relevant to speech , among them : 1 ) speech production and acoustic phonetics 2 ) articulatory , acoustic , and prosodic features 3 ) acoustic cues in speech perception 4 ) models of speech perception 5 ) speech processing ( preprocessing algorithms for speech ) 6 ) neural networks for automatic speech recognition 7 ) multi - modal speech recognition and recognition in adverse environments . 8 ) speech to speech translation ( vermobil and cstar projects ) 9 ) applications ( foreign language training aids , aids for handicapped , . . . . ) . 10 ) stochastic models and dialogue systems format the meeting will follow the usual format of tutorials and panel discussions together with poster sessions for contributed papers . the following tutorials are planned : abeer alwan ucla university ( ca ) usa "" models of speech production and their application in coding and recognition "" andrea calabrese university of connecticut ( usa ) "" prosodic and phonological aspects of language "" gerard chollet cnrs - enst france "" alisp , speaker verification , interactive voice servers "" piero cosi cnr - padova italy "" auditory modeling and neural networks "" renato de mori universite d ' avignon , france "" statistical methods for automatic speech recognition "" m . gabriella di benedetto universita ' degli studi di roma "" la sapienza "" , rome , italy ` ` acoustic analysis and perception of classes of sounds ( vowels and consonants ) "" bjorn granstrom royal institute of technology ( kth ) sweden "" multi - modal speech synthesis with application "" jean p . haton universite henri - poincare , crin-inria , france "" neural networks for automatic speech recognition "" hynek hermansky oregon graduate institute , usa "" goals and techniques of speech analysis "" hermann ney computer science department , aachen germany "" algorithms for large vocabulary speech recognition "" "" text and speech translation using statistical methods "" john ohala university of california at berkeley ( ca ) usa "" articulatory constraints on distinctive features "" jean sylvain lienard limsi-cnrs , france "" speech perception , voice perception "" "" beyond pattern recognition "" proceedings the proceedings will be published in the form of a book containing tutorial chapters written by the lecturers and possibly shorter papers from other participants . one free copy of the book will be distributed to each participant . language the official language of the school will be english . poster submission there will be a poster session for contributed presentations from participants . proposals consisting of a one page abstract for review by the organizers should be submitted with applications . duration participants are expected to arrive in time for the evening meal on sunday 4th october and depart on tuesday 15th october . sessions will take place from monday 5th - wednesday 14th . costs the cost per participant of 1 . 500 $ dollars covers accommodation ( in twin rooms ) , meals for the duration of the course , and one day of excursion . - a supplement of 40 dollars per night should be paid for single room . payment details will be notified with acceptance of applications . grants - a few esca grants are available for participants ( which cover tuition and , maybe , part of the lodging ) . see http : / / ophale . icp . inpg . fr / esca / grants . html for further information . individual applications for grants should be sent to wolfgang hess by e-mail : wgh @ sunwgh . ikp . uni-bonn . de eligibility the school is open to all suitably qualified scientists from around the world . application procedure : important date : application deadline : may 30 1998 notification of acceptance : june 15 1998 registration fee payment deadline : july 10 1998 people with few years of experience in the field should include a recommendation letter of their supervisor or group leader places are limited to a maximum of 60 participants in addition to the lecturers . these will be allocated on a first come , first served basis . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * application form title : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ family name : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ other names : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ name to appear on badge : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ mailing address ( include institution or company name if appropriate ) : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ phone : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ fax : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ e - mail : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ date of arrival : date of departure : will you be applying for a esca grant ? yes / no * * ( please delete the alternatives which do not apply ) will you be applying for a scholarship ? yes / no * * ( please delete the alternatives which do not apply ) * ( please include in your application a justification for scholarship request ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * please send the application form together the recommendation letter by electronic mail to : iiass @ tin . it , subject : summer school ; or by fax : + 39 89 761 189 ( att . ne prof . m . marinaro ) or by ordinary mail to the address below : iiass via pellegrino 19 , i84019 vietri sul mare ( sa ) italy for further information please contact : anna esposito international institute for advanced scientific studies ( iiass ) via pellegrino , 19 , 84019 vietri sul mare ( sa ) italy fax : + 39 89 761189 e-mail : annesp @ vaxsa . csied . unisa . it * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * michelina ( elina ) savino dee - politecnico di bari via orabona , 4 - 70125 bari italia tel : + 39 80 5460253 fax : + 39 80 5460410 e-mail : esavino @ poliba . it
",0
2445,"Subject: lagb autumn meeting
 
 linguistics association of great britain autumn meeting 1998 : university of luton first circular and call for papers the 1998 autumn meeting will be held from thursday 10 to saturday 12 september at the university of luton , on its park square campus . the local organiser is vlad zegarac ( vladimir . zegarac @ luton . ac . uk ) . the conference immediately follows the relevance theory workshop , which takes place at the university of luton from 8th to 10th september ( for further information contact : s . nicolle @ mdx . ac . uk ) luton is the largest town in the county of bedfordshire and is situated 30 miles north of london on the edge of the chilterns . luton is surrounded by pleasant countryside with famous walks such as the icknield way . within easy reach of town are public parks for picnics , boating , mini-golf and more . by the late 19th century the town had become a centre for hat and lace manufatcure , but a century on luton is chiefly known for its connections with the motor vehicle industry , as home of vauxhall motors . the park square campus is located in the town centre , close to many pubs , restaurants and the arndale shopping centre . the former luton college of higher education was granted university status in 1993 and underwent significant expansion ( a 30 milion investment programme has provided new teaching , learning and residential facilities for about 15 , 000 students ) . part of this expansion was a new faculty of humanities , including a department of linguistics . accommodation : will be in the university halls of residence , within 5 - 7 minutes walking distance from the park square bilding where the talks will take place . all bedrooms are single . each bedroom is part of a flat , which consists of a bathroom , kitchen and five bedrooms . travel : the university of luton is at the hub of national and international travel networks . it is just off junction 10 of the m1 . london luton airport is ten minutes away by car , and it taks five minutes to walk to the rail station ( the thaneslink rail network with direct trains to london kings cross and to gatwick airport ) . london heathrow airport is 40 minutes away ( by car ) , and london gatwick is an hour and a half from luton either by car or by train . events : the henry sweet lecture 1998 on the thursday evening will be delivered by dan sperber ( cnrs , and crea , ecole politechnique , paris ) . there will be a workshop on experimental pragmatics organised by billy clark ( middlesex university ) . there will be a language tutorial on roshani , a pamir language of the eastern iranian group of indo - european , given by john payne ( university of manchester ) . there will be a wine party on the thursday evening , following dan sperber 's lecture . enquiries about the lagb meeting should be sent to the meetings secretary ( address below ) . full details of the programme and a booking form will be included in the second circular , to be sent out in june . call for papers : members and potential guests are invited to offer papers for the meeting ; abstracts are also accepted from non-members . the lagb welcomes submissions on any linguistics or linguistics-related topic . abstracts must arrive by 5 june 1998 and should be sent in the format outlined below to the following address : professor r . hudson , department of phonetics and linguistics , university college london , gower street , london , wc1e 6bt . papers for the programme are selected anonymously - only the president knows the name of the authors . abstracts must be presented as follows : submit seven anonymous copies of the abstract , plus one with name and affiliation , i . e . camera-ready . the complete abstract containing your title and your name must be no longer than one a4 page ( 21cm x 29 . 5cm / 8 . 27 "" x 11 . 69 "" ) with margins of at least 2 . 5cm ( 1 "" ) on all sides . you may use single spacing and type must be no smaller than 12 point . type uniformly in black and make any additions in black . use the best quality printer you can , since if the paper is accepted the abstract will be photocopied and inserted directly into the collection of abstracts sent out to participants . write your name and address for correspondence on the back of the abstract which has your name on . the following layout should be considered as standard : ( title ) optimality and the klingon vowel shift ( speaker ) clark kent ( institution ) department of astrology , eastern mars university the following guidelines may be useful : 1 . briefly state the topic of your paper . 2 . if your paper is to involve an analysis of linguistic material , give critical examples , along with a brief indication of their critical nature . 3 . state the relevance of your ideas to past work or to the future development of the field . if you are taking a stand on a controversial issue , summarise the arguments which lead you to take up this position . the normal length for papers delivered at lagb meetings is 25 minutes ( plus 15 minutes discussion ) . offers of squibs ( 10 minutes ) or longer papers ( 40 minutes ) will also be considered : please explain why your paper requires less or more time than usual . n . b . abstracts submission dates : these are always announced in the first circular for the meeting in question . any member who fears that they may receive the first circular too late to be able to submit an abstract before the deadline specified can be assured that an abstract received by the president by january 1 or june 1 will always be considered for the next meeting . conference bursaries : there will be a maximum of 10 bursaries available to unsalaried members of the association ( e . g . phd students ) with preference given to those who are presenting a paper . applications should be sent to the president , and must be received by 5 june 1998 . please state on your application : ( a ) date of joining the lagb ; ( b ) whether or not you are an undergraduate or postgraduate student ; ( c ) if a student , whether you receive a normal grant ; ( d ) if not a student , your employment situation . students who are submitting an abstract and wish to apply for funding should include all the above details with their abstract . nominations for speakers : nominations are requested for future guest speakers ; all suggestions should be sent to the honorary secretary . changes of address : members are reminded to notify the membership secretary ( address below ) of changes of address . an institutional address is preferred ; bulk mailing saves postage . committee members : president professor richard hudson , department of phonetics and linguistics , university college london , gower street , london , wc1e 6bt . e - mail : dick @ ling . ucl . ac . uk honorary secretary professor anna siewierska , department of linguistics , university of lancaster , bailrigg , lancaster la1 4yw . e - mail : a . siewierska @ lancaster . ac . uk membership secretary dr . kersti brjars , department of linguistics , university of manchester , manchester m13 9pl . e - mail : k . e . borjars @ manchester . ac . uk meetings secretary dr . marjolein groefsema , department of linguistics , university of hertfordshire , watford campus , aldenham , herts . wd2 8at . e - mail : m . groefsema @ herts . ac . uk treasurer dr . paul rowlett , dept . of modern languages , university of salford , salford m5 4wt . e - mail : p . a . rowlett @ mod-lang . salford . ac . uk assistant secretary dr . april mcmahon , dept . of linguistics , university of cambridge , sidgwick avenue , cambridge cb3 9dq . e - mail : amm11 @ hermes . cam . ac . uk internet home page : the lagb internet home page is now active at the following address : http : / / clwww . essex . ac . uk / lagb . electronic network : please join the lagb electronic network which is used for disseminating lagb information and for consulting members quickly . it can be subscribed to by sending the message "" add lagb "" to : listserv @ postman . essex . ac . uk . future meetings : 8-10 april 1999 university of manchester . 7 - 9 september 1999 university of york . spring 2000 ( provisional ) university college london . autumn 2000 ( provisional ) university of wales , bangor . the meetings secretary would very much like to receive offers of future venues , particularly from institutions which the lagb has not previously visited or from places with newly established linguistics programmes .
",0
2446,"Subject: workshop on embodied conversational character
 
 2nd call for papers the first workshop on embodied conversational characters granlibakken resort & conference center at lake tahoe tahoe city ( north shore ) california , usa october 12-15 , 1998 with the support of aaai cooperation of acm / sigchi recent advances in several core software technologies have made possible a new type of human-computer interface : the conversational character . conversational characters are autonomous , anthropomorphic , animated figures that have the ability to communicate through multiple modalities , including spoken language , facial expressions , and gestures . unlike textual natural language interfaces , conversational characters have the ability to perceive and produce the verbal and non-verbal signals that identify discourse structure and regulate the flow of information between interlocutors . such signals include intonational patterns , gestures , back-channel feedback signals , and turn-taking protocols . these capabilities enable them to engage in complex interactions with human users via natural speech rather than complex command languages , menus or graphical manipulations . research on conversational characters has emerged from a number of disciplines , including , among others , artificial intelligence , computational linguistics , computer animation , computer vision , psychology , cognitive science , virtual reality , cscw , and hci . this diversity is naturally reflected in the broad range of active research areas in conversational character interfaces . the primary goal of this workshop is to advance the state of conversational character research and development by identifying novel approaches to the topics and issues listed below , and integrating them into a framework for embodied , conversational human-computer interaction . selected contributors will be invited to expand and refine their papers for inclusion in a book to be published by addison - wesley . the aims of this book will be to introduce , define , and advance the field ; to give a snapshot of current work in it ; and to suggest future challenges and opportunities . particular topics of interest include , but are not limited to : * multi - modal interaction * autonomy * recognition & perception of speech , * behavior / dialogue planning gesture , facial expressions , etc . * distribution of semantic information * reactivity and opportunism across multiple modalities * rendering techniques * representation * semantic representations for * character individuation non-verbal communication * dialogue planning * affect and personality * turn - taking and back-channel signals * user studies * spoken language processing * tools for character * discourse structure building / authoring * intonation * architectures & applications papers should address one or more of these topics . demonstrations and video presentations of working systems are strongly encouraged . format the two and a half-day workshop will include several paper sessions , organized around emerging themes , with follow-up panel discussions . in addition , there will be a demonstration session for authors to present working systems . attendance attendance will be limited to 35-40 people . preference will be given to authors whose papers have been selected for presentation at the workshop . submission requirements paper submissions are due on june 15 , 1998 , and should be no longer than 6 pages ( 10-12 point font ) . upon acceptance , authors will be given the opportunity to expand their papers to 8-10 pages . electronic submissions in postscript or microsoft word formats are preferred , and should be sent to prevost @ pal . xerox . com . otherwise , send four hardcopies to : scott prevost attn : embodied conversational characters workshop fx palo alto laboratory 3400 hillview avenue , bldg . 4 palo alto , ca 94304 voice : 650 / 813-7701 deadlines submissions due june 15th notification of acceptance august 17th final papers due september 14th workshop october 12th - 15th workshop organizers joseph w . sullivan , fx palo alto lab , usa ( sullivan @ pal . xerox . com ) justine cassell , mit media laboratory , usa ( justine @ media . mit . edu ) workshop program committee committee co - chairs : scott prevost , fx palo alto lab , usa ( prevost @ pal . xerox . com ) elizabeth churchill , fx palo alto lab , usa ( churchill @ pal . xerox . com ) committee members : elisabeth andr , dfki gmbh , germany ( elisabeth . andre @ dfki . de ) gene ball , microsoft research , usa ( geneb @ microsoft . com ) phil cohen , oregon graduate institute , usa ( pcohen @ cse . ogi . edu ) barbara hayes - roth , stanford univ . , usa ( hayes-roth @ cs . stanford . edu ) kenji mase , atr international , japan ( mase @ mic . atr . co . jp ) clifford nass , stanford university , usa ( nass @ leland . stanford . edu ) mark steedman , university of pennsylvania , usa ( steedman @ cis . upenn . edu ) kris thorisson , lego a / s , denmark ( kris @ digi . lego . com ) demos chair : timothy bickmore , isii inc . , usa ( bickmore @ pal . xerox . com ) additional information for more information , please consult the workshop web page : www . fxpal . com / wecc98 /
",0
2447,"Subject: fourth mid-continental workshop on phonology ( mcwop 4 )
 
 where : university of michigan , ann arbor , michigan . when : beginning afternoon on friday , october 16 , and ending sunday morning , october 18 , 1998 . what : as in the three previous workshops , we intend this to be a fairly informal gathering , open to students and faculty , but especially suitable for graduate students presenting work in progress . we hope it will be possible , as before , to accept all abstract submissions , but if the number of submissions received exceeds the capacity of the workshop , we will find a solution then . presentations dealing with any of the various areas of phonological investigation ( broadly construed ) are welcome . presentations are planned to be approximately 20 minutes in length with an additional period of discussion . who : you , hopefully . what to do to present : provide us with a title which clearly indicates the paper 's topic and scope , your name and affiliation , and , if possible , a brief ( 1 - 2 paragraph ) summary of the content of the talk before september 20 . e - mail submissions to the mcwop organizing committee at mcwop4 @ umich . edu further information : email to mcwop4 @ umich . edu
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2448,"Subject: document design
 
 on december 17 and 18 , 1998 , tilburg university will host the first international conference on document design the conference will address research on the design of informative , instructive , and persuasive texts . aim the aim of the conference is to bring together researchers who are interested in document design and who are working in the field of discourse studies , ( cognitive ) linguistics , educational psychology , speech communication , technical documentation , communication science , social psychology , cognitive psychology , marketing communication , and so on . contributions the organizers invite contributions on how document design decisions and the choice of message variables affect the function and use of informative , instructive , or persuasive documents . methodologies methodologies used may range from experimental and ( corpus ) analytical to case studies . message variables may concern content , structure , style , lay-out , audience , and so on . deadline for abstracts : may 15 , 1998 for further information you can visit our website : http : / / cwis . kub . nl / ~ fdl / research / tw / docdes98 / index . htm or contact document . design98 @ kub . nl
",0
2449,"Subject: gala ' 97 proceedings ( change of address )
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dr antonella sorace tel : + 44 131 650-3493 / 3864 university of edinburgh , fax : + 44 131 650-6526 department of applied linguistics antonella @ ling . ed . ac . uk 14 buccleuch place , edinburgh eh8 9ln , scotland http : / / www . ling . ed . ac . uk / ~ antonell - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - proceedings of the gala ' 97 conference on language acquisition * * * * * * * * * change of address * * * * * * * * * the highly successful gala ' 97 conference on language acquisition took place in edinburgh in april 1997 , attracting some 200 researchers in language acquisition from around the world . information about the conference and abstracts of the papers may be found at the gala ' 97 website http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / gala / the printed proceedings of that conference are now available . they contain 93 6 - page papers covering first language syntax and semantics , acquisition of phonetics and phonology , cognitive modelling , second language syntax and semantics , second language psycholinguistics , impaired acquisition , bilingual acquisition . all of these papers were presented at the conference either as papers or posters . the volume ( 540 pp . isbn 1 902242 00 9 ) can be ordered directly . to order , please make a cheque or money-order , in uk pounds sterling , payable to "" the university of edinburgh "" . also , print out and fill in the order form below and address them to : gala ' 97 proceedings human communication research centre the university of edinburgh 2 buccleuch place edinburgh eh8 9lw uk note that this address is different from that included in a previous announcement . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + gala ' 97 proceedings . order form . please send me . . . . . copies of the gala ' 97 proceedings . send them to : ( name and address ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the cost per copy is 16 . 00 pounds sterling . please tick your postal requirements ( cost is per copy ) tick cost destination . . . . 4 . 15 pounds . within uk . ( first class , one price ) . . . . 5 . 29 pounds anywhere in the rest of europe ( airmail ) . . . . 12 . 03 pounds usa and rest of the world ( airmail ) . . . . 5 . 21 pounds usa and rest of the world ( surface mail - allow 4 - 6 weeks ) total the cost of the book ( s ) and the ( combined ) postage . please add 35p for each copy if you are paying by credit card ( see below ) . i enclose cheque / money order to the value of . . . . . . . . we are able to accept payment from a variety of credit cards ( visa , mastercard , switch , and delta ) . payments made by credit card incur an additional charge of 2 % of the total amount due ( see above ) . if you wish to pay by credit card , please print out the following form , complete it and return it to us by post . ( you are advised not to send your credit card details by email . also , we require an actual signature . ) name : address to which the card is registered : card type ( visa , mc , switch , delta ) : card number : valid from : expiry data : amount due : total to be charged to card : signature : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
",0
2450,"Subject: meeting notice
 
 fourth mid-continental workshop on phonology ( mcwop 4 ) where : university of michigan , ann arbor , michigan . when : beginning afternoon on friday , october 16 , and ending sunday morning , october 18 , 1998 . what : as in the three previous workshops , we intend this to be a fairly informal gathering , open to students and faculty , but especially suitable for graduate students presenting work in progress . we hope it will be possible , as before , to accept all abstract submissions , but if the number of submissions received exceeds the capacity of the workshop , we will find a solution then . presentations dealing with any of the various areas of phonological investigation ( broadly construed ) are welcome . presentations are planned to be approximately 20 minutes in length with an additional period of discussion . who : you , hopefully . what to do to present : provide us with a title which clearly indicates the paper 's topic and scope , your name and affiliation , and , if possible , a brief ( 1 - 2 paragraph ) summary of the content of the talk before september 20 . e - mail submissions to the mcwop organizing committee at mcwop4 @ umich . edu further information : email to mcwop4 @ umich . edu
",0
2451,"Subject: australian linguistics society
 
 final call for papers als-98 australian linguistics society conference als-98 july 3 - 5 , 1998 university of queensland brisbane , queeensland , australia local organizer : john ingram submission deadline : february 28 , 1998 the 1998 annual conference of the australian linguistics society ( als ) will be held at emmanuel college , the university of queensland , 3 - 5 july , just prior to ali-98 ( australian linguistics institute ) . the conference organizers invite submissions on any area of contemporary linguistic research . papers will be given as oral presentations , 25 minutes , plus 5 minutes for questions . abstracts will be reviewed for suitability as conference presentations . selected papers will be published electronically as refereed conference proceedings . * how to submit abstracts abstracts ( approx . 300 words ) may be submitted by mail , e-mail , or fax . submissions must be received by february 28 , 1998 . at the top of the abstract please include your name , affiliation , address , telephone and fax numbers , and e-mail address . email submission of abstracts is preferred to : als98 @ cltr . uq . edu . au otherwise , mail abstracts to : the organizers , als-98 department of english university of queensland brisbane , 4072 , australia fax : + 61 7 3365 2799 * for questions or more information on the conference please check our conference website : http : / / www . cltr . uq . oz . au : 8000 / als98 / or contact john ingram department of english university of queensland brisbane 4072 australia jingram @ lingua . cltr . uq . edu . au fax : + 61 7 3365 2799
",0
2452,"Subject: scil 10
 
 call for papers . student conference in linguistics 10 special theme : linguistics in cognitive science keynote speaker : lila gleitman june 6 - 7 , 1998 northwestern university the 10th annual student conference in linguistics will be held at northwestern university in june 1998 . scil is a student-run conference run which aims to bring together graduate students from around the world to present their research and build connections with other students . the proceedings are published in the mit working papers in linguistics . we invite original , unpublished work in any area of linguistics . we would particularly like to encourage submissions which border other disciplines , in keeping with the conference theme . this includes , but is not limited to , psycholinguistics , computational linguistics , anthropological linguistics , speech perception and language acquisition . guidelines for submission : please submit ten copies of a one-page , 500 - word , anonymous abstract for a twenty-minute paper ( optionally , one additional page for data and / or references may be appended ) , along with a 3 "" by 5 "" card with : ( 1 ) your name , ( 2 ) your affiliation , ( 3 ) your address , phone number , and e-mail address , ( 4 ) the title of the paper , and ( 5 ) an indication of which subdivision of linguistics best describes the topic ( e . g . , phonetics , phonology , syntax , semantics , psycholinguistics , anthropological linguistics , computational linguistics , etc . ) the abstract should be as specific as possible , and it should clearly indicate the data covered , outline the arguments presented , and include any broader implications of the work . the deadline for receipt of abstracts is friday march 13 . send abstracts to : scil 10 department of linguistics northwestern university 2016 sheridan road evanston , il 60208 e - mail abstracts will be accepted in ascii only . the email message should also contain your name , affiliation , address , phone number , and e-mail address , the title of your paper , and the area of linguistics within which it falls . email abstracts should be submitted to scil @ ling . nwu . edu by 5pm on march 13 . further information is available at http : / / www . ling . nwu . edu / ~ scil . questions can be directed to scil @ ling . nwu . edu .
",0
2453,"Subject: conference announcement : talc 98
 
 * * * * * call for registration : talc98 * * * * * * * * the 3rd international conference on teaching and language corpora will be held at keble college , oxford between 24 and 27 july 1998 . the use of large computer-held corpora of real language , no longer novel in linguistic research , is increasingly a focus of attention for language teachers . experiments in data driven learning and corpus-based methods are beginning to bear fruit in a wide range of language teaching environments . this international conference will bring together practitioners and theorists with a common interest in the usability of corpus data for such purposes as : * language teaching and learning * student-centred learning and investigation * cross-linguistic comparison * cultural and historical studies the conference programme includes : * a choice of pre-conference workshops classroom corpora ( chris tribble ) ; parallel corpora ( knut hofland ) ; the battle of the giants : boe vs . bnc ( jem clear and guy aston ) * invited lectures from jem clear ( cobuild ) , and from professsor jean aitchison ( oxford ) * about 40 formal papers * poster sessions * book and software exhibits full details of the speakers and the programme , including rates and registration forms , are available at the conference website : http : / / users . ox . ac . uk / ~ talc98 note registrations received before 29th may will qualify for a discount an additional registration fee will be charged for workshops workshop registration will close on 30 june ; places are limited
",0
2454,"Subject: sampson : educating eve
 
 g . sampson , ( 1997 ) educating eve : the language instinct debate , cassell , london , 184pp . reviewed by feargal murphy , university college dublin . the rise of generative linguistics in 60s gave a new lease of life to the old nature vs . nurture debate . the behaviourist model of language was judged a failure at explaining the process of language acquisition and a new theory of language acquisition emerged . it was rooted in the philosophy of descartes in the 17th century as well as humboldt and , ultimately , plato . it came to be known as linguistic nativism or rationalist linguistics and is most associated with noam chomsky . the central tenet of this theory is that children are born with some kind of language acquisition device already in place in their brains which allows them to acquire the language of their environment . within linguistic nativism there has been some debate as to whether this device provides merely general rules that allow for the acquisition of language or whether it is a rich innate system that provides a complete basis for language acquisition so that a child can acquire the complexities of a language at a time when its general cognitive development could not possibly cope with such complexity . the rationalist tradition behind linguistic nativism has always been in contrast with empiricism which states that all ideas and knowledge ( including knowledge of language ) come from experience obtained through the senses and that there can be no innate knowledge . a view that goes back to the 17th century and the writings of locke , berkeley and hume and in the modern era has also been associated with the philosophers of the vienna circle and karl popper . _ educating eve _ will certainly not determine the outcome of the nature vs . nurture debate , nor will it , in my opinion , lead to any productive insight into the debate . the book fails to understand the scope and import of the nativist arguments and consequently falls short of presenting a genuine criticism of it . as it stands the book will be applauded by those who are already favourably disposed towards its conclusions and derided by those who are not . _ educating eve _ ( henceforth _ ee _ ) argues against the writings of chomsky , as well as pinker 's ' the language instinct ' , bickerton 's ' language and species ' and jackendoff 's ' patterns in the mind ' . these three books are essentially aimed at the general rather than the specialist reader . the result of targeting these three books is to make the arguments against nativism appear weak and superficial . the desire to rescue public opinion from the wrong path is a recurring theme in the author 's work . in his _ language and liberty _ , which also argued for a non-nativist view of language , the main aim was to discourage people from following left wing politics . the author 's politics , unfortunately , emerge as a strong force in this book . given the importance of the nativism debate i shall focus primarily on the more important linguistic issues , leaving aside politics except when they cloud the issues surrounding nativism the alternative to nativism that this book argues for is essentially a version of karl popper 's empiricism . according to this view the ability to learn may be innate but there are no domain specific innate mechanisms involved in learning . people learn the language of the community they belong to in the same way that they learn anything else , by trial and error . they ' make original though fallible conjectures and test them against objective reality ' ( p . 137 - all quotes are from _ ee _ unless otherwise indicated ) . eventually , using this method , each individual comes to learn a language . what they learn are ' wholly cultural constructs ' ( p . 137 ) , an e - language rather than an i - language , to use chomsky 's terminology . note that the conception of language in _ ee _ is totally different from those of chomsky , jackendoff , bickerton or pinker . for these nativists , language cannot belong to a society rather than to the individual . this issue is not actually addressed in the book . _ ee _ merely states that language is a cultural artifact and not biological , but does not furnish any evidence for this claim . the book also states popper 's belief that the mind is not amenable to scientific theorising ( p . 138 ) . i am unable to find any evidence in the book to support this claim . however , if one assumes that the mind is outside the domain of scientific inquiry then it simply becomes impossible to engage in a debate about the merits of the specifics of any nativist theory . the first task this book undertakes is to demolish chomsky 's arguments for nativism ( only sourcing material up to 1991 ) and then to demolish the 's econd wave ' nativists - with pinker foremost in the second wave . the book utilises many arguments , some more noteworthy than others , and it would be beyond the scope of this review to examine them all . i will look at a few of the arguments , more or less at random . the arguments against chomsky centre on what sampson perceives as the basis of nativism : 1 : speed of acquisition 2 : age - dependence 3 : poverty of data 4 : convergence among grammars 5 : language universals 6 : species - specificity _ ee _ claims the first argument ( speed of acquisition ) is hollow as there is no way of determining what exactly 's peed ' could be in this area . however , it seems uncontroversial enough that children acquire language faster than adults and that they do so without the problems that adults encounter . there is no attempt in the book to address the notion of whether different languages are acquired at different speeds or whether different children acquiring the same language do so in radically different sequences . this would seem to be a distinct possibility if we do not have an innate language specific faculty but rather rely on some generalised learning mechanism . a look at the evidence regarding language acquisition across languages would have helped make the case conclusive . the book should have dealt more with data available in order to show that only a non-nativist account of language acquisition could capture the facts . instead _ ee _ relies on the notion that the popperian account can cope just as well as a nativist account and is closer to the ' common sense ' view of language . but this does not prove that a popperian account is right . chomsky 's second argument ( age - dependence ) is dismissed because , the book states , humans can learn language at any age "" if they see the task as worthwhile "" ( p . 36 ) . however , the author does not describe any procedure for assessing the worthwhileness of the task . why a child would find it worthwhile to learn a language when its needs are being met by compliant adults responding to non-linguistic communication is not addressed . if the early vocalisations of children are evidence of the beginnings of language acquisition , then the child is deciding at a very early age that language is ' worthwhile ' , at a stage when it seems difficult to believe the child is weighing up any options to see what may or may not be worthwhile . following this logic we could extend the criterion of "" worthwhileness "" to other ' learning ' such as ' learning to walk ' and eliminate the innate component from that as well . the book states that there are "" plenty of cases on record of adults mastering a second language to native-speaker standard apart from accent "" ( p . 36 ) ; i am not quite sure what it might mean to achieve native-speaker standard apart from accent . what the book suggests - without providing any crucial evidence - - is that "" learning as a general process is for biological reasons far more rapid before puberty than after "" ( p . 37 ) . this is supposed to show that age dependence is not proof of a critical period for language acquisition using some innate language acquisition device - - a critical period being one of the features that is characteristic of innate behaviour . the age dependence , according to the book , falls out from the slowing down of the learning process in general after puberty . this , however , seems to contradict the other argument against age dependence ; that an adult can master a second language to native speaker standard . the author also states that "" susan curtiss herself regarded genie as refuting the strong version of lenneberg 's claim , that natural language acquisition cannot occur after puberty "" ( p . 37 ) . susan curtiss might want to respond to that one herself . my understanding of her work on genie is that genie did have language ( that is , rule-governed creative linguistic behaviour ) but was not able to achieve anything close to native speaker competence while under observation ( curtiss , p . 204 ) even though it would indeed have been ' worthwhile ' to do so . furthermore her linguistic development did not follow the same course as children acquiring language normally . this suggests that genie 's ability to learn language was diminished due to her age but the important point is that her cognitive development in other areas seemed not to be so affected . it would also have been worthwhile for chelsea to have learned language , yet chelsea did not achieve native speaker standard ( see jackendoff 's _ patterns in the mind _ ) . the third argument presented by chomsky for nativism , according to the book , is poverty of data during acquisition . the arguments against chomsky presented in the book do not bear close scrutiny . according to the book , motherese provides a "" graded series of language lessons "" ( p . 39 ) and is not at all degenerate , as the poverty of data argument states . this is not particularly new ( the references cited by the author are from the early 70s ) . the fact is , however , that we really do not yet know what role - if any - motherese plays in learning / acquiring a language . but one thing worth noting is that there is no language teaching theory that proposes that adults could be most effectively taught a second language through being taught in motherese . it is also true that there do not yet exist conclusive studies on the universality of motherese ( although the wide variety of language groups studied show a high degree of similarity ) . in some cultures motherese seems to play less of a role and is different to the motherese we see in the english speaking world . in fact motherese or child directed speech seems not to make the task of learning / acquiring language all that much easier but what it does is allow for a high degree of socialisation . this can be seen in the fact that the simplification of structure decreased greatly when the parent and child were no longer in the presence of the observer but merely being taped . the motherese wa s not for the benefit of the child only . of course , if language is not in any way innate we are left with the problem of explaining how child directed speech is so perfectly a "" graded series of language lessons "" for the infant , despite the fact that adults are not taught how to give language lessons , perhaps empiricist would have to say that the ability to give "" a graded series of lessons "" in language is innate . the author states that a popperian account of language learning would allow for a child to determine the general principles from the input ( as it would for an adult who wants to learn a language ) . this is important as the nativist account holds that the basic principles of language are innate and thus are available for use in determining what is going on in the language input . individuals learning a language via a popperian method would use their learning abilities to work out the general principles from the input without any of these principles being already available in the head . but what are we to make of cases of * specific language impairment * where the rate of learning / acquisition a language seems different from other areas of learning ? the whole basis of a popperian analysis is that language acquisition is not different from any other domain where learning occurs . consequently , it predicts that there could be no difference between the acquisition of language and learning in other cognitive domains . this prediction runs counter to reported facts as clearly presented in yamada 's 1990 book ' laura : a case study for the modularity of language ' . in arguing against chomsky , the author takes chomsky 's much used example of english speaking children determining how to ask yes / no questions . he is seeking to show that chomsky is being dishonest in his analysis by not verifying the data . a child working out how to make a yes / no question in english has to work out that if any verb is to be moved it has to be the verb in the main clause and not just the first verb encountered in the sentence . to work this out , a child has to distinguish between verbs and other words and also between main verbs and auxiliary verbs as well as knowing the structure of the phrases in the sentence . then the child has to work out that auxiliary verbs in the main clause can move to the beginning of the sentence but that main verbs appear in the infinitive while a tensed 'd o ' occurs at the beginning of the sentence . chomsky 's point is that children learn to make these distinctions and move the appropriate verb from the appropriate position to form a yes / no question with great ease . both the author and chomsky agree on the analysis of the rule involved in forming a yes / no question but where they differ is in their belief about the * exposure * of children to yes / no questions where the main clause is not the first clause in the sentence but rather a subordinate clause appears first , as in : is the man who is talking to bill wearing gloves ? chomsky 's claim is that a child may not encounter such a question in the language s / he hears before determining the rule of yes / no question formation . _ ee _ argues that such sentences are indeed present in the language that children hear . what the book actually has to prove is that all children hear this crucial form of yes / no question before they determine the yes / no question formation rule . this is not shown but instead it is argued that such structures are available to children who read ; but children who do n't read learn language as well . indeed it is quite possible that children form the rule about yes / no question formation before the ever learn to read . the author claims that he shows that chomsky is ' wildly mistaken ' ( p . 42 ) , he paraphrases the situation as follows : "" . . the man who is the world 's leading living intellectual , according the cambridge university a second plato is basing his radical reassessment of human nature largely on the claim that a certain thing never happens ; he tells us that it strains his credulity to think that it might happen , but he has never looked , and people who have looked find that it happens a lot . "" ( p . 42-43 ) the people who have looked are sampson himself and geoff pullum ( p . 42 ) but they have only checked sources of written language but as i have said this ignores the fact that illiterate children can also speak . in fact , so enamoured is the author with the written word that he argues that , historically , hypotaxis emerges as literacy develops . somehow the organisation involved in writing leads to great leaps forward in language . he does finally admit that there is no great research on this topic but blames linguistics departments for this ( "" this is not a popular topic of research in linguistics departments "" , p . 75 ) . there is nothing to prevent the taping of the speakers of modern pre-literate languages - if one can find any cultures that could be classed as pre-literate without any qualifications - in order to test for the occurrence of hypotaxis but the author does n't seem to have u ndertaken this task . the book does n't opt fully for the idea that there was little or no hypotaxis in the languages of ancient pre-literate cultures as the author states , hedging his bets : "" if there was little or no hypotaxis in these languages "" [ the hebrew of the old testament etc . ] "" that is a real difference between them and more recent languages "" . ( p . 75 ) for obvious reasons we can never answer the question of whether or not there was hypotaxis in hebrew before writing or indeed while writing was still a fairly recent innovation . it is true that serious investigation into parataxis and subordination in various languages has been carried out and goes back over one hundred years . the book claims that "" it was a cliche of late nineteenth century linguistics that the early stages of languages with a long recorded history showed a development from what was called parataxis to hypotaxis "" ( p . 74 ) . it cites great linguists like karl brugmann , hermann paul and eduard hermann as support for the notion that languages go from a paratactic stage to a hypotactic stage . but there are two problems with this . firstly , not all nineteenth century linguists would have been happy with the notion that hypotaxis emerged as writing developed . hermann jacobi 's 1897 work ' composition und nebensatz ' concluded that "" maori , like early stages of pie may not have had contained a relative particle "" in subordination ( lehmann , p . 60 ) . so jacobi is claiming that pie did have subordination which is the basis of hypotaxis for brugmann , paul and hermann . secondly , there is really no reason to believe that nineteenth century linguists got everything right in comparative and historical linguistics . the idea that hypotaxis emerged from a previous stage must be seen alongside other ideas in nineteenth century linguistics about the development of languages from primitive systems to more complex systems . the fourth argument the book looks at is convergence among grammars - the notion that people of varying levels of intelligence and exposure to different language inputs , converge on the same grammar . the book claims ( p . 46 ) that chomsky has admitted that educated people may know their mother tongue better . this does not fit in with an i - language approach and so is obviously not representative of chomsky 's theory of language . an i - language approach excludes the possibility of a mother tongue ( an e - language ) that people have mastered to varying degrees . for chomsky such things as english or hungarian or swahili do not exist in any meaningful way . this is controversial , but the point is that for chomsky there is no mother tongue divorced from an individual 's knowledge of it . the second line of argument identified by sampson is that people do not actually converge on the same grammar as they give different grammatical judgments in response to the same data . the book refers to labov 's work - presented in austerlitz ( 1974 ) - where respondents varied in their judgments about the grammaticality of presented sentences . the really interesting thing here is that the people taking the test understood the instructions - oral and written - which they were given concerning the test . it is hard to see how they could all have the same understanding of what was said to them unless they had pretty much the same grammars . the language that was used in their instructions would most likely have contained a variety of syntactic constructions , but there are no reports of the people completing the test remarking on the ungrammaticality of any of the instructions they were given . it is easy to find people varying in groups and even as individuals over time when you ask them to assess sentences such as : ' every one of the boys did n't go there ' . the fact that individuals will differ in their judgment over time shows that what is being tested is not the individual 's competence because an adult 's competence does not vary - although their performance might . a large number of factors determine whether an individual would judge a sentence like the one given above as perfectly grammatical or borderline or totally ungrammatical . but the fact that there is a variation in the reported judgments does not in fact constitute an argument against convergence among grammars it is not a test of grammars but rather a test of performance . intuitions about sentences involving scope relations of quantifiers and negation vary because of the many factors that bear on performance . the book also contends ( pp . 107 - 137 ) that the existence of language universals can be explained by the fact that a popperian learning system will automatically yield such universals . they are not the result of the nature of the language faculty but instead derive from the popperian system of learning . again , the author does not show that a popperian account is better than a nativist account at capturing the facts . if the case against nativism is to be proven , then those language universals that we can agree to exist must be explicable either within a popperian system * only * or at least they should be explained better by a popperian learning theory . the book does not do this . the book targets pinker 's ' the language instinct ' . why sampson decides to devote so much effort to the book is somewhat puzzling . pinker 's book is aimed at a fairly general audience and as such is not really a worthwhile target . among the arguments against pinker we find the assumption that surnames are actual words in individual languages . this means that the existence of a person in england with 's ri ' as the first three letters in his surname means that 's ri ' is a possible initial consonant cluster in english ( p . 83 ) . the author also can't resist taking a pot-shot at what he imagines pinker 's political views to be . the tone of his response to pinker is one of condescension which can be irritating and detracts from any points that the author may be trying to make as well as being irrelevant to the substantive issues . but the worst attack is saved for bickerton . the book seeks to portray him as an intellectual lightweight in a most unappealing way ( p . 76 ) : "" [ bickerton 's ] stuff must be a real hit with green students on hawaii "" . it is surely not too much to expect that personal abuse would be kept out of the realm of intellectual debate . the book also takes on jackendoff stating that jackendoff writes well : "" jackendoff is one of the best writers among the linguistic nativists "" ( p . 76 ) , but not forgiving him for being a nativist . "" if jackendoff reaches for the word ' instinct ' so hastily in these cases , how can we trust him to use the word judiciously where there are real questions to be resolved "" ( p . 79 ) . the main issue picked up on in jackendoff 's work relates to sign language . at one stage the author says ( arguing against jackendoff 's analysis of universal grammar ) : "" jackendoff has shortly beforehand pointed out that one aspect of american sign language grammar is not paralleled in any spoken language . the sign-language equivalent of the third person pronouns ( she , they , his ) consists of gesturing ( with hand shapes and movements that depend on whether the reference is singular , plural or possessive ) to locations in the signing space which have been assigned to successive topics of conversations . ' the effect is that there are as many different third-person pronouns available as there are discernible locations in the signing space ' . no spoken language has a pronoun system remotely like this , so how can it be part of our innate knowledge . "" ( p . 78 ) the author is missing the point here . sign language expresses person , number , gender and possession as spoken language does and not some other features not found in spoken language . so the system the same as spoken language . the use of pronouns in sign language is exactly the same as the use of pronouns in spoken language and is based on universal grammar , what is different is the modality . the availability of the signing space means that a signer can introduce a greater number of pronouns into the discourse as each pronoun can be allocated a location in the signing space without leading to any confusion . this is the same as the fact that i could use as many second person singular pronouns as i wanted as long as i looked at the individual that i was addressing with that pronoun . looking at the person that i was referring to with the pronoun is really the same as the signer using the sign space to tag pronouns . this is not just true of second person pronouns . i could be talking about , say , the members of a football team and refer to each individual using a third person pronoun . i could be quite clear in my own head who is being picked out each time , it would just be confusing to the person i was talking to . this is because there would be no way for them to distinguish the referents of each of the pronouns . in sign language i can exploit the possibility of the signing space by tagging each meaning of a pronoun with a location in space so that the whole thing does not get confusing . the potential in both oral and sign language is the same , but sign can exploit the signing space in a way that oral language cannot . the point is that the limitations are not imposed by language but by the modality . what jackendoff is saying is that the same universal grammar underlies language no matter what the modality . the last chapter in the book ( ' the creative mind ' ) presents sampson 's view of popper . it is not without problems and the author devotes much time to arguing that popper did n't always mean what he said and that sampson 's analysis of popper is the best . however , the crucial lines in the chapter for the purposes of nature vs . nurture are : "" minds are not a topic open to scientific theorising . "" ( p . 139 ) and "" the position adopted in this book is that conscious human minds are not physical entities . talking about minds is not a way of talking about high-level aspects of brain functioning . minds and bodies are different and separate things which act on one another . "" ( p . 138 ) for all those people who believe that minds are indeed a topic open to scientific theorising this will render anything else the book has to say suspect . modern nativists ( as well as most non-nativists ) view the mind as amenable to scientific theorising . for chomsky there is no other possible way to study the mind ( chomsky 1993 , 1995 ) . it is hard to see how a significant debate can take place between two such opposite points of view . the author is committed to the cause of a popperian analysis of language learning / acquisition but will never be able to convert a nativist to his way of thinking until he can gain an understanding of the motivations for adopting a nativist position or reconcile himself with the possibility that nativism may be a stance that an intelligent person can adopt . the author seems to imagine himself fighting a rear guard action against the hordes of misguided nativists who , as he sees it , are close to winning the hearts and minds of the masses . one important aspect of this book is that it can be read as a means of testing how one feels about linguistic nativism . unfortunately for sampson 's crusade , it had the effect of making me prefer the nativist analysis even more than before . ( more background information about the author , geoffrey sampson , and the book ' educating eve ' is available at : http : / / www . grs . u-net . com / ) bibliography : r . austerlitz ( ed ) ( 1974 ) , the scope of american linguistics , peter de ridder press . n . chomsky ( 1993 ) , "" naturalism and dualism in the study of language "" , international journal of philosophical studies , 2 ( 2 ) : 181 - 209 . n . chomsky ( 1995 ) , "" language and nature "" , mind , 104 ( 403 ) : 1 - 61 . s . curtiss ( 1977 ) , genie : a psycholinguistic study of a modern day "" wild child "" , academic press . p . fletcher and b . macwhinney ( eds ) ( 1995 ) , the handbook of child language , blackwell . w . p . lehmann ( 1974 ) , proto - indo - european syntax , university of texas press . g . sampson ( 1979 ) , liberty and language , oup . g . sampson ( 1980 ) , schools of linguistics , hutchinson . j . yamada ( 1990 ) , laura : a case for the modularity of language , mit press . feargal murphy , lecturer in the department of linguistics , university college dublin . http : / / www . ucd . ie / ~ linguist / gogs2 . html
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2455,"Subject: usc ea syntax workshop : reminder
 
 usc workshop on syntax of east asian languages november 6 - 8 , 1998 this workshop is an attempt to intergrate the diachronic and synchronic study of chinese , japanese and korean syntax , concentrating on the issues of the structures and interpretations of nominal expressions and the syntax and morphology of function words . the list of invited speakers currently includes : james huang ( university of california , irvine ) yafei li ( university of wisconsin ) tsulin mei ( cornell university ) alain peyraube ( crlao , ehess ) naoki fukui ( university of california , irvine ) satoshi kinsui ( kobe university and osaka university ) s . - y . kuroda ( university of california , san diego ) yukinori takubo ( kyusyu university ) hee - don ahn ( kon kuk university ) william o'grady ( university of hawaii ) james yoon ( seoul national university , university of illinois ) there is a limited number of open slots available and we invite the submission of abstracts . each presentation will be 40 minutes , followed by 15 minutes of discussion . it is planned that the proceedings of the workshop will be published . please send to the organizing committee no later than june 1 , 1998 one copy of your abstract with your name and affliliation , plus five anonymous copies . abstracts should be limited to two pages with the font size not smaller than 11 . we cannot accept abstracts sent by email or fax . the presenters at the workshop will be partially subsidized for travel and accommodation . all submissions should be sent to : usc workshop organizing committee department of east asian languages and cultures university of southern california los angeles , ca 90089-0357 usa for further inquiries , please write to : hoji @ usc . edu , nkim @ usc . edu , audreyli @ usc . edu .
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2456,"Subject: semcom : webnet journal : announcement & call for participation
 
 webnet journal : internet technologies , issues , business & education * * http : / / www . aace . org / pubs / webnet * * > > 1st announcement & call for articles & reviewers < < the webnet journal is a new quarterly print magazine focusing on www , internet , and intranet - based technologies , applications , research , and issues . published by aace , the organizer of the successful and respected webnet conference series ( http : / / www . aace . org / conf / webnet ) , the premiere issue will be available november 1998 . the webnet journal is designed to be an innovative international collaboration between and forum for the top academic and corporate laboratory researchers , developers , business people , and users . * * * * * * * * * * the journal is seeking contributors as authors , columnists , book reviewers , editorial review board members , and associate editors . * * * * * * * * * * major article topics include : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - educational applications - commercial , business , professional , and community applications - general web tools and facilities - societal issues , including legal , standards , and international issues - ergonomic , interface , and cognitive issues - electronic publishing and digital libraries - personal applications and environments - web technical facilities ( for a list of subtopics , see http : / / www . aace . org / pubs / webnet / scope . htm ) all feature articles are carefully peer-reviewed and selected by a respected international editorial review board based on merit and perceived value of the content for readers . columnists offer how-to articles and expert commentary on the latest developments . the corporate development department showcases the latest products and discusses new developments . the abbreviated online version of the webnet journal will offer timely publication of article abstracts , columns , and related news . > links < webnet journal main page - - http : / / www . aace . org / pubs / webnet scope - - http : / / www . aace . org / pubs / webnet / scope . htm call for authors & reviewers - - http : / / www . aace . org / pubs / webnet / call . htm author guidelines - - http : / / www . aace . org / pubs / webnet / guidelines . htm article submission form - - http : / / www . aace . org / pubs / webnet / submit how to subscribe - - http : / / www . aace . org / pubs / webnet / subscribe . htm if you are interested in contributing as an author , article or book reviewer , columnist , or associate editor , please return the form at http : / / www . aace . org / pubs / webnet / call . htm or contact : webnet journal / aace p . o . box 2966 charlottesville , va 22902 usa e - mail : aace @ virginia . edu ; 804-973 - 3987 ; fax : 804-978 - 7449 http : / / www . aace . org
",0
2457,"Subject: conference announcement
 
 southern illinois university edwardsville and carbondale invite submission of abstracts for the 1998 mid - american linguistics conference we will continue the 33 year tradition of accepting papers on all linguistic topics . linguists in all areas of specialization are encouraged to submit abstracts . this year 's meeting will feature special interest sessions on prosody and bilingualism . it will also feature an excursion to cahokia mounds historic site . plenary speaker : professor gregory ward , northwestern university location : the conference will be in the university center on the campus of southern illinois university edwardsville . edwardsville is located at the junctions of i-270 and highway 157 about 25 miles east of downtown st . louis . guidelines for submission of papers contributed papers will be allowed a maximum of 20 minutes for presentation . published proceedings of the conference will be available if there is sufficient demand ordering information will be provided in september . instructions for the preparation of manuscripts will be sent along with notification of acceptance . please submit 4 copies of a 1 - page abstract no later than august 21 , 1998 . e - mail submissions will < italic > not < / italic > be accepted . submissions faxed to meet the deadline must be followed immediately by mailed abstracts on regular paper . mail abstracts to the address given below . send abstracts and / or requests for additional information about program content to : ron schaefer , department of english , siue , edwardsville , il 62026-1431 telephone : ( 618 ) 650-2060 ; fax : ( 618 ) 650-5050 or e - mail : rschaef @ siue . edu for registration information contact : southern illinois university conferences & institutes at ( 618 ) 650-2660 . for more information , including hotel and travel accomodations , consult our web page ( still under construction ) at < < http : / / www . siu . edu / departments / cola / ling01 / midamerica98 . html > geoffrey s . nathan department of linguistics southern illinois university at carbondale , carbondale , il , 62901 usa phone : + 618 453-3421 ( office ) fax + 618 453-6527 + 618 549-0106 ( home )
",0
2458,"Subject: survey study
 
 survey study - call for participation the purpose of this qualitative survey study is to collect information from language teachers about their experiences in developing multimedia instructional materials . if you are a language teacher and have created multimedia intructional materials such as - web pages , hypercard or hyperstudio stacks , digital - sound / image / video files , or projects created with advanced authoring - software like authorware , toolbook , or director , we welcome you to spend some time to complete the survey . i will post a summary of the results of the survey to the lisxt when it 's done . the survey can be accessed at : http : / / www . coe . missouri . edu / ~ cjw / survey / username : teacher password : survey if you know of any pre-service and / or in-service language teachers , please invite them to participate in the survey . thanks to you all ! c . james wong college of education | columbia , mo 65211 university of missouri - columbia | http : / / www . coe . missouri . edu / ~ cjw /
",0
2459,"Subject: computationally - intensive methods in quantitative linguistics
 
 second workshop in computationally-intensive methods in quantitative linguistics department of statistics university of glasgow , uk 7 - 9 september 1998 announcement and call for registration in recent years techniques from disciplines such as computer science , articficial intelligence and statistics have found their way into the pages of journals such as the journal of quantitative linguistics , literary and linguistic computing and computers and the humanities . while this influx may bring more advanced methods of analysis to the fields of quantitative linguistics , stylometry and stylistics , the demands upon researchers to understand and use these new techniques are great . familiarity with the appropriate software and the ear of a sympathetic expert are pre-requisites without which the technique may seem out of reach to the average researcher . the humanities advanced technology and information institute and the department of statistics of the university of glasgow are hence supporting this practical workshop in computationally - intensive methods in quantitative linguistics . the workshop is designed to introduce the participants to four such techniques in a practical environment . each half-day session will be divided into an introductory session in a lecture theatre and a longer period spent working with software and practical examples . all of the speakers have published papers using the analyses they will present and their aim in this workshop is to enable the participants to return to their home institutions able to carry out these techniques in the course of their own research . the sessions and speakers are as follows : harald baayen ; max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen , the netherlands . large number of rare event models walter daelemans ; university of tilburg , the netherlands . linguistics as data mining : using machine learning techniques to discover linguistic generalizations michael oakes ; university of lancaster , unted kingdom . multivariate statistics in corpus linguistics fiona tweedie ; university of glasgow , united kingdom . time series models in linguistics the workshop will be held in the mathematics building of the university of glasgow , commencing on monday 7 september at 1pm . the four workshop sessions will take place on monday afternoon , tuesday 8 september and the morning of wednesday 9 september . there will also be a half day tour on the wednesday afternoon and a reception in the hunterian art gallery on monday evening . accommodation has been arranged in university accommodation with some en suite facilities . the reception , tea and coffee , lunches on 8 and 9 september and evening meals on 7 and 8 september are included in the registration fee . the registration fee , until 15 july , is gbp150 . 00 and gbp100 . 00 for students . participants who are also attending the digital resources in the humanities conference , 9-12 september are eligible for a discount in the registration fees . for more information about the workshop and to register , please consult the web site at http : / / www . stats . gla . ac . uk / ~ cimql , or send email to the conference organisers at cimql @ stats . gla . ac . uk .
",0
2460,"Subject: sociolinguistics
 
 women changing language anne pauwels , professor of linguistics in the department of linguistics at the university of new england , armidale , australia . paper 0-582 - 09962 - 5 hardback 0-582 - 09961 - 7 280 pages 1998 real language series longman - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' women changing language ' documents and discusses feminist language reform , looking at the initiatives and actions of women around the world to change the biased representation of the sexes in language . the book pays tribute to the activities of many women who have helped debunk myths about the relationship between women and language , for example that women are ' consumers ' of language and men are ' makers ' of meaning and creators of language rules . the study reverses this view , concentrating on women as meaning ' makers ' . women are shown to be language activists who readily challenge sexist language assumptions and practices . the discussion around feminist language reform is approached from a language planning perspective , which has until now been given little recognition . moreover , for the first time , this study adopts multilingual and multicultural dimensions , drawing examples from europe and asia . the extensive collection of multilingual data reveals diversity as well as similarities between languages in the expression and coding of sexism . the study also stresses the need to bear in mind that different cultural attitudes can have varied effects on the acceptance and success of language reform . this book is highly recommended for students and lecturers in sociolinguistics , women 's studies , critical discourse analysis as well as the sociology of language . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - further information on the books published in this series , and the table of contents for this title can be viewed at the longman linguistics on-line catalogue at : http : / / www . awl-he . com / linguistics for a complete listing of our world-wide offices , please click below : http : / / www . awl-he . com / offices
",0
2461,"Subject: languages of the world , institute of linguistics , moscow
 
 languages of the world publication - languages of the world , institute of linguistics , moscow languages of the world is an encyclopedic multi-volume publication . each volume is devoted to one particular genetic or areal group of languages . all articles are written in russian by the leading authorities of russia and some other countries ( depending on volume ) , specializing in the respective languages . the articles of all volumes of languages of the world are written in accordance with a standard typologically oriented template that is imposed on each language . thus descriptions of all languages are comparable to one another . the articles on specific languages consist of the following main divisions : - sociolinguistic characterization - phonology and phonetics - detailed morphosyntactic characterization - account of the peculiarities of the lexicon - the dialectal system the books of the series are both fundamental studies and reference sources . the books are addressed to linguists , historians , ethnographers , and interested in language studies . so far five volumes have been published . the first one , "" uralic languages "" , was published in 1993 by "" nauka "" , and is not available at this time . in 1997 , the publishing house "" indrik "" published four volumes : - turkic languages , including all ancient and modern languages known to the science ; 542 pp . - mongolic , tingusic , korean , and japanese ; 407 pp . - paleoasiatic languages ( including chukchi - kamchatkan , yeniseian , eskimo - aleut , copper island aleut - russian mixed language , nivkh , yukagir , ainu , and burushaski ) ; 230 pp . - iranian languages , vol . 1 : southwestern group ( volumes 2 and 3 will follow ) ; 206 pp . in 1998 , the following volumes are expected to be published . - iranian languages , vol . 2 - dardic and nuristani languages - caucasian languages volumes on other branches of indo - european are currently being worked on . those who are interested in obtaining those book are requested to contact : andrej kibrik institute of linguistics russian academy of sciences b . kislovskij per . , 1 / 12 russia kibrik @ iling . msk . su fax : [ 7 ] ( 095 ) 290 05 28 we are now working on the problem of how to get books to foreign scholars ; having a list of those interested would make this work easier . prices on books will be in the range of $ 20 , depending on size of a specific book .
",0
2462,"Subject: phonology
 
 understanding phonology gussenhoven , carlos ( university of nijmegen , the netherlands ) and jacobs , haike ( university of nijmegen and the free university of amsterdam , the netherlands ) ; understanding phonology ; publication march 1998 304pp pb 0 340 69218 9 14 . 99 hb 0 340 69217 0 40 . 00 arnold publishing ' this book gives a clear and accurate picture of current phonological theory in a small number of pages . ' john goldsmith , university of chicago this skilfully written new text provides a broad , yet up-to - date , introduction to phonology . assuming no previous knowledge of phonology or linguistic theory , the authors introduce the basic concepts and build on these progressively , discussing the main theories and illustrating key points with carefully chosen examples . a wide range of phenomena are covered : speech production , segmental contrasts , tone , quality , prosodic structure , metrical relations and intonation . the main theories are introduced and their contributions to our understanding of phonology , as well as their shortcomings , are discussed objectively . contents : the production of speech / some typology : sameness and difference / making the form fit / two levels of representation / distinctive features / ordered rules / the diminutive suffix in dutch / levels of representation / representing tone / skeletal slots and moras / feature geometry / complex segments / stress / iambic and trochambic rhythm in optimality theory . readership : students of linguistics . available on inspection for lecturers ( quote linglist598 ) tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6355 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6325 e - mail : milly . neate @ hodder . co . uk
",0
2463,"Subject: pragmatics
 
 understanding pragmatics verschueren , jef ( belgian national science foundation , belgium ) ; understanding pragmatics ; publication september 1998 c . 288pp pb 0 340 64623 3 c . 13 . 99 hb 0 340 64624 1 c . 40 . 00 arnold publishing this is the most comprehensive and current introduction to pragmatics . presupposing no background in pragmatics , the author sketches out the theoretical basis of the subject and systematically develops the major theoretical perspectives , to provide a full description of pragmatics as a coherent field of inquiry . the text explores methodological issues , guiding the reader into the existing spectrum of pragmatics-related work . focusing on pragmatics in its broadest sense , the book covers the whole range of social , cultural and cognitive aspects of pragmatics . contents : introduction / overview / the pragmatic perspective / aspects of the meaningful functioning of language / topics and trends . readership : students of linguistics / english language . available on inspection for lecturers ( quote linglist598 ) tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6355 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6325 e - mail : milly . neate @ hodder . co . uk
",0
2464,"Subject: syntax
 
 understanding syntax tallerman , maggie ( university of durham , uk ) ; understanding syntax ; published september 1998 c . 192pp pb 0 340 60377 1 c . 12 . 99 hb 0 340 70000 9 c . 35 . 00 arnold publishing provides a complete introduction to the main categories and constructions associated with sentence structure - the syntactic component of the grammar of human language . assuming no prior knowledge of linguistics , the book discusses and illustrates all the major terms and concepts . contents : what is syntax ? / words belong to different classes / looking inside sentences / head words and phrases / how do we identify constituents ? / relationship within the clause / syntactic processes . readership : undergraduates in linguistics tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6355 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6325 e - mail : milly . neate @ hodder . co . uk
",0
2465,"Subject: labphon6 registration and schedule
 
 dear colleagues , this message is a reminder that registration is still open for the sixth conference on laboratory phonology at the university of york ( uk ) on 2nd - 4th july , 1998 . for information on how to register , please see our web site http : / / www . york . ac . uk / ~ lang15 / labphon . html places are also still available for the conference banquet on friday , 3rd july at the historic assembly rooms in the centre of the medieval city of york . if you have difficulty accessing the web site , or have any other query , please do not hesitatate to e-mail us at labphon6 @ york . ac . uk draft programme invited speakers mary beckman ( ohio state ) , john harris ( university college london ) terrance nearey ( university of alberta ) , francis nolan ( university of cambridge ) oral presentations s . hawkins & n . nguyen : effects on word recognition of syllable-onset cues to syllable-coda voicing j . pierrehumbert , j . hay & m . beckman : speech perception , well - formedness and lexical frequency r . wright : factors of lexical competition in vowel articulation b . gick : articulatory correlates of ambisyllabicity in english glides and liquids p . carter : extrinsic phonetic interpretation : spectral variation in english liquids k . de jong : temporal constraints and characterizing syllable structuring b . zawaydeh : the interaction of the phonetics and phonology of gutturals d . silverman : pitch discrimination during breathy versus modal phonation k . hayward & j . watkins : the phonetic interpretation of register k . tajima & r . f . port : speech rhythm in english and japanese j . rodgers : segmental and suprasegmental influences on the realization of voicing in english m . d ' imperio & b gili fivela : how many levels of phrasing ? evidence from two varieties of italian p . keating , t . cho , c . fougeron & c . hsu : domain - initial articulatory strengthening in four languages d . r . ladd & j . scobbie : postlexical phonology does not reduce to phonetics : the case of sardinian external sandhi conference schedule * registration on campus from wednesday lunchtime * conference begins thursday morning * wine reception thursday evening * programme continues friday ( poster session in afternoon ) * conference banquet friday evening * programme continues saturday morning * programme concludes with saturday lunch best wishes , the organising committee _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ labphon6 department of language and linguistic science university of york york yo1 5dd uk e-mail : labphon6 @ york . ac . uk web : http : / / www . york . ac . uk / ~ lang15 / labphon . html telephone : + 44 1904 432658 / 2672 / 2671 / 2660 fax : + 44 1904 432673
",0
2466,"Subject: special stream at cognitive society
 
 special "" stream "" at the 20th annual meeting of the cognitive science society madison , wisconsin , august 1 - 4 , 1998 co - chairs : sean o nuallain dublin city university , dublin , ireland & national research council , ottawa , canada ( sonualla @ compapp . dcu . ie ) robert l . campbell department of psychology , clemson university , clemson , sc usa ( campber @ clemson . edu ) what the stream is about though deep and contentious questions of theory and metatheory have always been prevalent in cognitive science - - they arise whenever an attempt is made to define cognitive science as a discipline - - they have frequently been downrated by researchers , in favor of empirical work that remains safely within the confines of established theories and methods . our goal to is redress the balance . we encourage participants in this stream to raise and discuss such questions as : * the adequacy of computationalist accounts of mind * the adequacy of conceptions of mental representation as structures that encode structures out in the environment * the consequences of excluding emotions , consciousness , and the social realm from the purview of cognitive studies * the consequences of newell and simon 's "" scientific bet "" that developmental constraints did not have to be studied until detailed models of adult cognition had been constructed and tested * the consequences of attempting to reconcile contemporary psychology ( which includes developmental psychology ) with formal linguistics of the chomskyan variety ( which appears to be resolutely anti-developmental if not anti-psychological ) * the relationship between cognitive science and formal logic a wide range of theoretical perspectives is welcome , so long as the presenters are willing to engage in serious discussion with the proponents of perspectives that are different from their own : * vygotskian approaches to culture and cognition * dynamic systems theories * piagetian constructivism * interactivism * situated cognition * neuroscience accounts such as those of edelman and grossberg * accounts of emergence in general , and emergent knowledge in particular * perception and action robotics * functional linguistics * genetic algorithms * information processing * connectionism * evolutionary epistemology contributors should make their submissions to the cognitive science society , following the standard rules for formatting their papers ( if you have not received the hard-copy call for papers , check the css web site at http : / / www . umich . edu / ~ cogsci / cogsci . html ) . the deadline is february 6 , 1998 . contributors should attach a * separate cover page , * indicating that their submissions are intended for the stream chaired by sean o nuallain and robert campbell . otherwise papers will be reviewed by cognitive science society 's regular reviewers , and are not likely to get a sympathetic response . the "" stream "" will consist of at least two paper sessions ( a total of 8 papers , 20 minutes each ) at the cognitive science society . * if we get enough good submissions , we can request more paper sessions * . all submissions to our stream will be reviewed by * our special reviewers * . besides the co-chairs , these are : ken aizawa ( kaizawa @ beta . centenary . edu ) mark bickhard ( mhb0 @ lehigh . edu ) selmer bringsjord ( brings @ rpi . edu ) andrew brook ( abrook @ ccs . carleton . ca ) brian cox ( psybdc @ vaxc . hofstra . edu ) terry dartnall ( terryd @ cit . gu . edu . au ) mary hegarty ( hegarty @ condor . psych . ucsb . edu ) ken livingston ( livingst @ vaxsar . vassar . edu ) eoghan mac aogain ( eoghan @ ite . ie ) karl f . macdorman ( kfm @ gull . me . es . osaka-u . ac . jp ) paul mc kevitt ( pmck @ kom . auc . dk ) ronan g . reilly ( rreilly @ ollamh . ucd . ie ) tony veale ( tveale @ compapp . dcu . ie ) robert l . campbell professor , psychology brackett hall 410a clemson university clemson , sc 29634-1511 usa phone ( 864 ) 656-4986 fax ( 864 ) 656-0358 http : / / hubcap . clemson . edu / ~ campber / index . html
",0
2467,"Subject: wml : deadline extended
 
 workshop on mathematical linguistics ( wml ) pennsylvania state university , april 17 , 1998 submissions deadline extended : january 24 information at http : / / www . urv . es / centres / grups / grlmc / index . html ( . ps files are preferred )
",0
2468,"Subject: corrected conference announcement
 
 southern illinois university edwardsville and carbondale invite submission of abstracts for the 1998 mid - american linguistics conference october 23-24 , 1998 we will continue the 33 year tradition of accepting papers on all linguistic topics . linguists in all areas of specialization are encouraged to submit abstracts . this year 's meeting will feature special interest sessions on prosody and bilingualism . it will also feature an excursion to cahokia mounds historic site . plenary speaker : professor gregory ward , northwestern university location : the conference will be in the university center on the campus of southern illinois university edwardsville . edwardsville is located at the junctions of i-270 and highway 157 about 25 miles east of downtown st . louis . guidelines for submission of papers contributed papers will be allowed a maximum of 20 minutes for presentation . published proceedings of the conference will be available if there is sufficient demand ordering information will be provided in september . instructions for the preparation of manuscripts will be sent along with notification of acceptance . please submit 4 copies of a 1 - page abstract no later than august 21 , 1998 . e - mail submissions will not be accepted . submissions faxed to meet the deadline must be followed immediately by mailed abstracts on regular paper . mail abstracts to the address given below . send abstracts and / or requests for additional information about program content to : ron schaefer , department of english , siue , edwardsville , il 62026-1431 telephone : ( 618 ) 650-2060 ; fax : ( 618 ) 650-5050 or e - mail : rschaef @ siue . edu for registration information contact : southern illinois university conferences & institutes at ( 618 ) 650-2660 . for more information , including hotel and travel accomodations , consult our web page ( still under construction ) at http : / / www . siu . edu / departments / cola / ling01 / midamerica98 . html geoffrey s . nathan department of linguistics southern illinois university at carbondale , carbondale , il , 62901 usa phone : + 618 453-3421 ( office ) fax + 618 453-6527 + 618 549-0106 ( home )
",0
2469,"Subject: armenian linguistics
 
 * * * call for papers * * * sixth international conference on armenian linguistics - institut national des langues et civilisations orientales ( inalco ) , paris , july 5 - 9 , 1999 papers will not be restricted in terms of topic or theoretical approach . workshops will be organized according to paper proposals . we invite papers on the following topics ( the list is not exhaustive ) - typological and descriptive armenian linguistics ( morphology , syntax , phonetics , pragmatics ; synchrony , diachrony and dialectology ) - history of armenian linguistics ; armenian and theoretical linguistics - sociolinguistics and language policy - the computer in armenian linguistics - comparative grammar and indo - european studies - study of texts and translation questions ( only from a linguistic point of view ) deadline for submission of proposals : september , 30 , 1998 proposals for presentations should be sent to : anaid donabedian , 57 , bd jourdan , 75014 paris , france fax + 33 1 44 15 10 61 e-mail : donabed @ ext . jussieu . fr the fee for participating in the conference will be 500 ff ( roughly us $ 100 ) ( students : 150 ff ) to receive the application form and the complete announcement : donabed @ ext . jussieu . fr
",0
2470,"Subject: xi int . selim conf : medieval english language & literature
 
 xi international selim conference : medieval english language & literature - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - final call for papers the 11th international conference of selim will be held at the university of vigo from 24 to 26 september 1998 . prof . david denison ( university of manchester ) , prof . matti rissanen ( university of helsinki ) , dr stuart lee ( oxford university computing services ) and dr andrew breeze ( universidad de navarra ) have already confirmed their participation as plenary lecturers . proposals of communications are welcome , with a deadline of may 31 , 1998 . papers will last 20 minutes with a 10 - minute discussion period to follow . abstracts should be no longer than 200 words and should be submitted in print and on a floppy disk ( microsoft word or word perfect ) to the following address : secretara de selim98 facultade de humanidades . universidade de vigo aptdo . 874 . e-36200 vigo ( spain ) submissions should include name ( s ) and institutional affiliation ( s ) of the author ( s ) , telephone , fax and e-mail address . please indicate if you need an overhead projector , a computer or any other facilities . acceptance of proposals will be communicated in june 1998 . the third circular will be sent around june 1998 and will carry fuller information on the arrangements for the conference . for any enquiries about accomodation or travel arrangements please contact bives tour at info @ conbives . com . for further information visit the conference website at : http : / / www . uvigo . es / eventos / congresos / selim98 / or send and e-mail to : selim98 @ uvigo . es the organising committee , may 1998 ana m bringas lpez dolores gonzlez alvarez javier prez guerra eduardo varela bravo
",0
2471,"Subject: final programme workshop on distributing and accessing linguistic resources
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * distributing and accessing linguistic resources * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * may 27th , this workshop is part of first international conference on language resources and evaluation at the university of granada , may 26th to 30th 1998 ( see http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra . html for details and how to register ) . the workshop will discuss ways to increase the efficacy of linguistic resource distribution and programmatic access , and work towards the definition of a new method for these tasks based on distributed processing and object-oriented modelling with deployment on the www . the workshop will take place in the afternoon after the scheduled lunch break ( 13 . 20 - 14 . 40 ) . organizers : yorick wilks , wim peters , hamish cunningham , remi zajac papers presentations are 15 minutes each with 5 minutes for discussion . 14 . 45 - 15 . 05 distributed thesaurus storage and access in a cultural domain application s . boutsis , b . georgantopoulos , s . piperidis institute for language and speech processing , athens 15 . 05 - 15 . 25 a new model for language resource access and distribution w . peters , h . cunningham , y . wilks , c . mccauley university of sheffield 15 . 25 - 15 . 45 reuse and integration of nlp components in the calypso architecture r . zajac new mexico state university 15 . 45 - 16 . 05 corpus - based research using the internet h . brugman , a . russel , p . wittenburg , r . piepenbrock max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen 16 . 05 - 16 . 30 the cue corpus access tool o . mason university of birmingham 16 . 30 - 17 . 00 coffee break 17 . 00 - 17 . 20 linguistic research utilizing the edr electronic dictionary as a linguistic resource t . ogino edr , japan 17 . 20 - 19 . 00 ( room available until 20 . 00 ) panel discussion : distributing and accessing linguistic resources the panel participants are : khalid choukri , eduard hovy , judith klavans , yorick wilks , and antonio zampolli . 14 . 00 - 14 . 45 and 16 . 30 - 17 . 00 poster presentations the presentation of the posters will happen in 2 sessions , at the end of lunch and during afternoon coffee . the posters will also be on display during the workshop . tractor : telri research archive of computational tools and resources r . krishnamurthy university of birmingham web - surfing the lexicon d . cabrero , m . vilares , l . docampo , s . sotelo ramon pineiro research centre / universities of coruna and santiago exploring distributed mt o . streiter , a . schmidt - wigger , u . reuther , c . pease iai saarbruecken a proposal for an on - line lexical database p . cassidy micra , inc . workshop scope and aims - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - in general the reuse of of nlp data resources ( such as lexicons or corpora ) has exceeded that of algorithmic resources ( such as lemmatisers or parsers ) . however , there are still two barriers to data resource reuse : 1 ) each resource has its own representation syntax and corresponding programmatic access mode ( e . g . sql for celex , c or prolog for wordnet , sgml for the bnc ) ; 2 ) resources must generally be installed locally to be usable ( and of course precisely how this happens , what operating systems are supported etc . varies from case to case ) . the consequences of 1 ) are that although resources share some structure in common ( lexicons are organised around words , for example ) this commonality is wasted when it comes to using a new resource ( the developer has to learn everything afresh each time ) and that work which seeks to investigate or exploit commonalities between resources ( e . g . to link several lexicons to an ontology ) has to first build a layer of access routines on top of each resources . so , for example , if we wish to do task-based evaluation of lexicons by measuring the relative performance of an information extraction system with different instantiations of lexical resource , we might end up writing code to translate several different resources into sql or sgml . the consequence of 2 ) is that there is no way to "" try before you buy "" : no way to examine a data resource for its suitability for your needs before licencing it . correspondingly there is no way for a resource provider to expose limitted access to their products for advertising purposes , or gain revenue through piecemeal supply of sections of a resource . this workshop will discuss ways to overcome these barriers . the proposers will discuss a new method for distributing and accessing language resources involving the development of a common programmatic model of the various resources types , implemented in corba idl and / or java , along with a distributed server for non-local access . this model is being designed as part of the gate project ( general architecture for text engineering : http : / / www . dcs . shef . ac . uk / research / groups / nlp / gate / ) and goes under the provisional title of an active creole server . ( creole : collection of reusable objects for language engineering . currently creole supports only algortihmic objects , but will be extended to data objects . ) a common model of language data resources would be a set of inheritance hierarchies making up a forest or set of graphs . at the top of the hierarchies would be very general abstractions from resources ( e . g . lexicons are about words ) ; at the leaves would be data items that were specific to individual resources . programmatic access would be available at all levels , allowing the developer to select an appropriate level of commonality for each application . note that although an exciting element of the work could be to provide algorithms to dynamically merge common resources what we ' re suggesting initially is not to develop anything substantively new , but simply to improve access to existing resources . this is not a new standards initiative , but a way to build on previous initiatives . of course , the production of a common model that fully expressed all the subtleties of all resources would be a large undertaking , but we believe that it can be done incrementally , with useful results at each stage . early versions will stop decomposing the object structure of resources at a fairly high level , leaving the developer to handle the data structures native to the resources at the leaves of the forest . there should still be a substantial benefit in uniform access to higher level strucures . program committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - yorick wilks hamish cunningham wim peters remi zajac roberta catizone paola velardi maria teresa pazienza roberto basili bran boguraev sergei nirenburg james pustejowsky ralph grishman christiane fellbaum
",0
2472,"Subject: making sense of language series
 
 making sense of language series series editor : a / prof jill burton making sense of functional grammar the introductory workbook for every teacher linda gerot and peter wignell this workbook is the most innovative workbook available in systemic-functional grammar . designed to be used by teachers and teacher educators coming to grips with functional grammar , it also is the essential textbook for introductions to bachelor or masters degree level courses . it answers your questions about functional grammar and genre , how to describe the language used in your classroom , how to teach about differences in spoken and written language , how to increase students ' awareness of how language is used , and much more . isbn 0 646211 60 9 , pb 268p , aud $ 24 . 95 plus freight , trade welcome . making sense of text the contexttext relationship linda gerot volume 2 explores whole texts with reference to lexicogrammar , and how genre , field , tenor , mode and ideology contribute to our understanding of spoken and written texts . readers will learn how to apply the grammar to contrasting texts through the author 's analysis of a range of authentic material from a variety of contexts . although it builds on volume 1 , readers new to this kind of grammatical explanation can still use this volume as an introduction to systemic-functional grammar . the book will assist any reader 's understanding of the all-important contexttext relationship . isbn 0 646241 44 3 , pb 152p , aud $ 24 . 95 plus freight , trade welcome . for further information and orders for this latest teaching resource , contact your local educational book seller ( please give them our contact details ) , or the publisher directly ( we dispatch daily , word-wide ) : gerd stabler , aee publishers po box 5806 , gold coast mail centre queensland 9726 , australia tel : 07 5562 1130 , fax : 07 5562 1140 mobile : 041 923 1998 e-mail : aeegerd @ onthenet . com . au volume 3 , making sense of teaching reading also by dr . linda gerot is forthcoming and should be available late 1998 . please record your interest in this title , and we will notify you the moment it is available and deduct a 20 % discount especially for you when ordering volume 3 . in the meantime , please enjoy volume 1 and 2 , bestsellers on both sides of the horizon . additionally , we are looking for new authors to contribute to this series : making sense of language please contact the publisher : aee ( aeegerd @ onthenet . com . au ) thank you united states clients may like to contact : dominie press , inc 1949 kellogg ave , carlsbad ca 92008 tel . 619 431 8000 , fax . 619 431 8777 e-mail : rayuen @ dominie . com canadian clients should contact : pippin publishing c / - general distribution services 325 humber college blvd toronto , ontario m9w 7c3 tel . 416 502 1262 , fax . 416 502 1101 middle east , please contact : the kuwait bookshop co ltd po box 2942 13030 safat kuwait tel : 965 242 4266 & 242 4289 fax : 965 242 0558 uk clients : we need your help , please ! to - date we have been unable to locate a bookseller to distribute these titles in the uk and beyond . thank you for your time and interest .
",0
2473,"Subject: lasso
 
 call for papers lasso xxvii 27th annual meeting of the linguistic association of the southwest ( meeting jointly with wecol , western conference on linguistics ) october 9-11 , 1998 arizona state university tempe , arizona invited speaker : jane h . hill ( u of arizona ) presidential address : robert d . king ( u of texas - austin ) proposals for papers in any area of linguistics will be considered . for the 1998 meeting at arizona state university , submissions regarding languages of the southwest are particularly encouraged . we also especially solicit graduate student papers , which may be submitted following the meeting for consideration for the helmut esau prize , a $ 250 cash award made annually by lasso . presentation time for papers will be limited to twenty minutes plus ten minutes for discussion . the deadline for receipt of abstracts is june 15 , 1998 . notification of acceptance of papers will be sent out by august 1 , 1998 . only one abstract as single author and a second as co - author will be accepted from any individual . abstracts must be no longer than one page ( maximum of 250 words ) and should summarize the main points of the paper and explain relevant aspects of the data , methodology , and argumentation employed . keep use of special font items ( e . g . phonetic symbols , diacritic marks , branching diagrams , logical notation ) to a bare minimum . abstracts of accepted papers will be published exactly as received in a booklet for distribution at the meeting . at the beginning of your abstract place the paper title , and at the end of an e-mailed abstract ( or on a separate page of a mailed abstract ) repeat the title along with your name , affiliation , mailing address , telephone number , and e-mail address . it is strongly preferred that abstracts be submitted by e-mail . send to : gajill @ unix1 . sncc . lsu . edu in the absence of e-mail , or if your abstract contains any special symbols , send one hard copy of the abstract with a diskette ( labeled for operating system and word processing program ) to : jill brody department of geography & anthropology louisiana state university baton rouge , la 70803-4105 usa tel . 504-388 - 6171 lasso presenters are encouraged to submit their polished papers to be considered for publication in the _ southwest journal of linguistics _ . presentation of papers at the lasso annual meetings is a privilege of membership in lasso ; 1998 dues must be paid by june 15 in order for your abstract to be considered . annual dues for individuals are us $ 15 . 00 ( us $ 7 . 50 for students , retired persons , and those not employed ) . to pay dues or for additional information , contact : garland d . bills , executive director , lasso department of linguistics university of new mexico albuquerque , nm 87131-1196 usa tel . : 505-277 - 7416 fax : 505-277 - 6355 e - mail : gbills @ unm . edu
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2474,"Subject: mt special issue on slt : reminder
 
 reminder - - deadline is july 1 1998 call for submissions machine translation special issue on spoken language translation guest editor : steven krauwer ( utrecht university ) guest editorial board : doug arnold ( university of essex ) pascale fung ( hkust , hong kong ) walter kasper ( dfki , saarbrucken ) alon lavie ( cmu , pittsburgh ) lori levin ( cmu , pittsburgh ) hermann ney ( rwth , aachen ) harold somers ( umist , manchester ) some 15 years ago , when machine translation had become fashionable again in europe , few people would be prepared to consider seriously embarking upon spoken language translation research . after all , where both machine translation of written text , and speech understanding and production ( despite important achievements ) were still quite far from showing robustness in domain-independent applications , it seemed clear that putting three not even halfway understood technologies together would be premature , and bound to fail . since then , the world has changed . many researchers , both in academia and in industry , have taken up the challenge to build systems capable of translating spoken language . does that mean that most of the problems involved in speech-to - text , text-to - text translation , and text-to - speech have been solved ? the answer is no : although we have made a tremendous progress , both from a scientific and from a technological point of view , many of the fundamental problems in mt and in speech understanding remain unsolved . yet a certain degree of optimism is justified here . first of all , it is clear that on the whole general expectations of what mt will do are changing . where in the past the ultimate goal of mt seemed to be to provide a perfect , but cheaper and faster alternative to the human translator , there is now a clear shift from the ideal of fully automated high quality translation of unrestricted texts to the more practical problem of overcoming the language barriers we encounter in various situations . this shift of focus allows us to partition the problem we address into a series of smaller ones , the solution to which may be within our reach . this applies both to spoken and written language translation . if we look at spoken communication between human beings with different native languages , very often the main success criterion for this communication is not whether or not the individual utterances produced by the participants have been expressed or understood without errors ( which will rarely be the case ) , but rather whether the intended goal of the communication has been attained ( hotel room reservation , airline information , etc ) . this observation is extremely important when we try to set our goals for spoken translation systems . once we have realized that communication takes place in a specific context , with a specific goal , and have accepted that sentence-by - sentence linguistically correct translation is not a necessary condition for successful multilingual communication , we can start exploiting the full potential of spoken dialogues in human-human and human-machine interaction : the basic structure of dialogues , the ways to control dialogue flow , the possibility for repair . a workshop dedicated to spoken language translation , organized in conjunction with eacl / acl 1997 in madrid , showed that there was a keen interest in the topic , and that many acedemic and industrial research teams have interesting results to report . therefore we feel that the time has come to dedicate a special issue of the journal machine translation to this topic , and we are inviting high-quality , previously unpublished research papers addressing problems in the whole field of spoken language translation . ( note : authors who had papers accepted for the madrid workshop are especially encouraged to submit papers which have developed out of their workshop contributions , though they should note that we do not intend simply to reprint the workshop papers in their original form . ) we are especially interested in papers addressing problems or solutions that are typical for spoken language translation ( as opposed to written language translation ) . format for submission : please consult the journal 's web pages : home page : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / journalhome . htm / 0922-6567 instructions for authors : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / kaphtml . htm / ifa0922-6567 latex style files : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / jrnlstyle . htm / 0922-6567 articles should be submitted directly to the publishers , either by e-mail to ellen . klink @ wkap . nl , with the subject header "" submission to coat speech special issue "" , or in hard-copy to either of the following addresses : machine translation editorial office , machine translation editorial office kluwer academic publishers kluwer academic publishers p . o . box 990 , p . o . box 230 3300 az dordrecht , accord , ma 02018-023 the netherlands u . s . a . the journal is typeset using latex , so the preferred medium for submission of articles in electronic format is latex source ( using the kluwer style file ) or gzipped postscript . if submitting hard-copy , four copies of the paper are required . the length of the papers should be approximately 10-20 pages if using the kluwer style file ( around 20k words ) . authors are requested to send a copy of an abstract of not more than 200 words to the guest editor steven . krauwer @ let . ruu . nl or in hard-copy to steven krauwer , utrecht institute of linguistics ots , trans 10 , 3512 jk utrecht , the netherlands submission deadline : submissions and abstracts should be received by july 1 1998 . papers will be reviewed by at least three members of the editorial board . we are aiming for publication as issue 3 or 4 of volume 13 ( autumn or winter , 1998 ) .
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2475,"Subject: korean linguistics - - ickl conference
 
 1998 meeting of the international circle of korean linguists ( ickl ) july 6 - 9 , 1998 university of hawaii at manoa , center for korean studies > > > > > > > > > > > > program draft : revised 5 / 21 / 98 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < > > july 6 , 1998 ; monday 7 : 30 to 8 : 30 registration 8 : 30 to 9 : 30 opening ceremony - - auditorium 9 : 30 to 9 : 45 break 9 : 45 to 11 : 45 special vi : issues in historical linguistics - - auditorium speaker : dr . samuel martin reviewer : dr . alexander vovin 11 : 45 to 1 : 00 lunch 1 : 00 to 3 : 00 special vi : issues in historical linguistics # 1 - - auditorium monophthongization and vowel shifts in korean , eung - jin baek language change and lexical stratification , young - mee yu cho different layers of lexical borrowing : sino - korean characters with multiple readings , ik - sang eom the korea - japonic word for pheasant and special semantic marking of natural-world nouns , leon serafim general : sociolinguistics # 1 - - conference room topic marking of korean in an experimental paradigm of attention , jong - bai hwang focus marking , alternatives triggering and negative meaning of nun in korean , juliet wai - hong du and hansang park a study of developing topic-prominence by english learners of korean , euen hyuk ( sarah ) jung korean language interference in the acquisition of english discourse markers , hikyoung lee general : syntax # 1 - - classroom korean type iv nominalizations : syntactic versus morphological phrasal affixations , lizanne kaiser default case and ecm constructions , seung - man kang on modality in korean , nam - kil kim predicate and nominal phrase gerunds in korean , jun ho cho 3 : 00 to 3 : 15 break 3 : 15 to 5 : 15 special vi : issues in historical linguistics # 2 - - auditorium a common korean and japanese noun particle : korean ulo : : japanese to , bjarke frellesvig hyangchal : a modern view of an ancient script , marc hideo miyake a new look at paekche and korean , john bentley a comparative note on special particles : old japanese namu and korean lang / nun , alan hyun - oak kim general : sociolinguistics # 2 - - conference room strategies in korean presidential candidates live tv debates , kyung - sook song korean address terms : resolving a conflict in rank and age , haejin e . koh gendered practice in topic organization and face management , kyu - hyun kim and kyung - hee suh negation in korean : a matter of volition , virginia k . mcclanahan general : syntax # 2 - - classroom local obviation as a relative phenomenon , gunsoo lee feature movement and korean raising constructions , sunwoo lee clausal adjuncts occurring higher than negp , gwangrak son on korean right node raising and english right node raising , sungshim hong > > july 7 , 1998 , tuesday 8 : 30 to 10 : 30 special iii : complex predicates - - auditorium speaker : dr . peter sells reviewer : dr . ho - min sohn special v : reduplication - - conference room speaker : dr . chin - w . kim reviewer : dr . young - mee yu cho 10 : 30 to 10 : 45 break 10 : 45 to 12 : 15 special iii : complex predicates # 1 - - auditorium varying levels of complex predicatehood in korean , miho choo semantic restrictions of complex predicates : focusing on the multi-verb constructions with the suffix e , woo - hyoung nahm types of nouns in the light verb constructions in korean : concerning the formation of complex predicates , miok park special iii : reduplication # 1 - - conference room the emergence of the unmarkedness in korean loanword phonology , hyeonkwan cho fixed segmentism in korean partial reduplication : three instances of the emergence of the unmarked , chin wan chung case alternation in korean focalization ( in minimalism ) , eunsung do general : syntax # 3 - - classroom the multiple subject constructions and the expletive constructions in minimalist syntax , gui - sun moon the non - qr approach to the scope interpretation in negation , jinhee suh korean denominal verbs , in - seok yang 12 : 15 to 1 : 30 lunch 1 : 30 to 3 : 00 special iii : complex predicates # 2 - - auditorium korean causatives in a hierarchial lexicon : an hpsg approach , hanjung lee korean causatives and a double tier theory of argument structure , nakamura wataru a conceptual semantic analysis of the so-called auxiliary verb construction in korean , younghwan suh special v : reduplication # 2 - - conference room grassmans law in korean reduplication , se - kyung kim what looks like a cv must be a cv : evidence for paffx from korean partial reduplication , soohee kim an ot approach to korean partial reduplication , hansang park general : syntax # 4 - - classroom vp analysis of ha causative constructions in korean , il - ho lee and myoung - hi chai case - marking properties of verbal nouns and ha in korean , namgeun lee and saeyoun cho a study on the korean passive constructions in comparison with their english counterparts , young - ok lee 3 : 00 to 3 : 15 break 3 : 15 to 5 : 15 general : phonology # 1 - - auditorium phonological phrasing of sov sentences in korean : an optimality - based account of a quantitative sample survey , david james silva domain - initial articulatory strengthening in the prosodic hierarchy in korean : an epg study , taehong cho phonetic versus phonological rules in korean , michael j . kim patterns of nasalization in korean , soo - jung kim general : sociolinguistics # 3 - - conference room the clause connective nuntey : what else is new ? , joe j . ree causation patterns in korean : a functional approach , seok - hoon you it just happened that way : the grammaticalization of accidentality in a / e pelita and ko malta as markers of completive aspect and affective stance , susan strauss a discourse analysis of the korean connective ketun , yong - yae park general : syntax # 5 - - classroom contiguity as a constraint on possessor-ascension in korean , jaehoon yeon a minimalist account of categorical prototypicality : based on korean syntactic nominalizations , yeun - jin jung what x - bar theory tells us about vp - shell analysis , joung - ran kim the negative polarity item licensing , doo - won lee 5 : 15 to 5 : 30 break 5 : 30 dinner reception > > july 8 , 1998 ; wednesday 8 : 30 to 10 : 30 special i : case markers - - auditorium speaker : dr . william o'grady reviewer : dr . james h . s . yoon special iv : syllable - - conference room speaker : dr . robert ramsey reviewer : dr . eung - do cook 10 : 30 to 10 : 45 break 10 : 45 to 12 : 15 special i : case markers # 1 - - auditorium comps and case realizations , yongkil jeong the path marker ulo in korean , keedong lee a polysemy network of the korean instrumental case , jeong - woon park special iv : syllable - - conference room on the status of on-glides in korean within optimality theory : evidence from child korean , meesook kim and sun - hoi kim two - root theory of korean geminate consonants , eun - suk ko the syllable structure of consonant clusters in korean , duck - young lee general : sociolinguistics # 4 - - classroom korean romanization in computer-mediated communication , esther hyunzee kim english loan words in korean , jeewon hahn corpus - based analysis of english newspapers published in korea , kyutae jung 12 : 15 to 1 : 30 lunch 1 : 30 to 3 : 00 special i : case markers # 2 - - auditorium an optimality-theoretic account of korean nominal inflection , sungdai cho the korean topic marker and activation , kyung - shim kang a pragmatic study of particle ( i ) na in korean , chang - bong lee general : phonology # 2 - - conference room the correlation between onset types and tone in chonnam korean , mi - ryoung kim and san duanmu tone and intonation in hamkyung korean : a bottom-up approach , sung - a kim korean labial laterality and articulation theory , kyoung - ja lee and e . wyn roberts general : syntax # 6 - - classroom a reanalysis of dependent nouns in korean as grammatical nouns , mi - jeung jo on what how behaves like and why , daeho chung minimalist interpretation of the visibility condition , kiyong choi 3 : 00 to 3 : 15 break 3 : 15 to 5 : 15 general : sociolinguistics # 5 - - auditorium the intersection of diachronic syntax and current morphology : an analysis of ey and eyse in korean , sung - ock sohn and susan strauss two types of noncausative psych-verbs in korean and argument / adjunct case particles , sang - geun lee the grammaticalization of particles in korean , sung - ock sohn a study on the semantic change in korean , seung myong lee general : phonology # 3 - - conference room restriction on consonant clusters , jongho jun the merger of back vowels in north korean dialects , soon - kyong kahng is vowel length distinctive in modern korean ? an acoustic analysis , hyunsoon kim and jeong - im han an alternative view on so-called suffixal harmony in korean , eunjin oh general : syntax # 7 - - classroom [ ends at 4 : 45 ] word order preferences for direct and indirect objects in children learning korean , sookeun cho et al . constituent order in korean : antisymmetry and mirror theory , kook - hee gill et al . case alternations in korean coordination , saeyoun cho 5 : 15 break 5 : 30 to 6 : 00 ickl general meeting - - auditorium july 9 , 1998 ; thursday 8 : 30 to 10 : 30 special ii : relative clauses - - auditorium speaker : dr . john whitman reviewer : dr . byung - soo park 10 : 30 to 10 : 45 break 10 : 45 to 12 : 45 special ii : relative clauses - - auditorium against gapless relative clause constructions , jong - bok kim relative clause or noun complement clause : the diagnoses , jong - yul cha the structure of noun-complementation in korean : a vew typology , hyo sang lee demonstratives and relative clauses in korean , hyeson park general : phonology # 4 - - conference room the contextual phonetic palatalization of the korean affricate / c / in comparison with the russian consonants , hyunsoon kim optimality - theoretic approach to tensification in korean , sechang lee synchronic umlaut and palatalization in korean , minsu shim cerebral lateralization and korean , japanese , and chinese orthographies : the critical factors for lateralization in reognizing the orthographies , kiseong park general : sociolinguistics # 6 - - classroom some notes on binding relations in korean , kyoun - kook kim grammaticalization of korean agent-oriented modality , sangsuk oh yo1 / yo2 selceng-oy sahoy-enehak - ceck pwunsek , heesook kim does center-embedding lead to garden-path ? , sungku suh
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2476,"Subject: conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages
 
 third international conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands november 26 - november 27 , 1998 programme the conference will consist of three sections . the first section addresses the sociological and social-psychological explanatory context in which language shift processes take place . the second section deals with language attrition from a psycholinguistic perspective , and the third is fully devoted to the building of an integrated explanatory framework for processes of language shift and loss . in memory of willem fase , one of the initiators of the first and second conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages , who died in 1997 , a new forum called the willem fase lecture has been set up . this plenary lecture forum will be granted to a promising scholar , to be selected from the abstracts submitted . thursday , november 26 , 1998 08 . 30-09 . 30 registration at koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands tea / coffee 09 . 30-10 . 00 conference opening section i : language shift from a sociological and social-psychological perspective 10 . 00-11 . 00 plenary session : lesley milroy 11 . 00-12 . 00 plenary session : richard bourhis 12 . 00-13 . 00 lunch 13 . 00-13 . 45 parallel sessions of free papers 13 . 45-14 . 30 parallel sessions 14 . 30-15 . 15 parallel sessions 15 . 15-16 . 00 tea / coffee section ii : language loss from a psycholinguistic perspective 16 . 00-17 . 00 plenary session : kees de bot 17 . 00-17 . 45 parallel sessions 17 . 45-18 . 30 parallel sessions 19 . 00-20 . 30 dinner friday , november 27 , 1998 section ii continued : language loss from a psycholinguistic perspective 08 . 30-09 . 30 plenary session : joel walters 09 . 30-10 . 15 parallel sessions 10 . 15-10 . 45 tea / coffee 10 . 45-11 . 30 plenary session : willem fase lecture 11 . 30-12 . 30 concluding remarks on section i and ii by joshua fishman 12 . 30-13 . 30 lunch section iii : towards an integrated explanatory framework for processes of language shift and loss 13 . 30-15 . 30 preparatory workshops 15 . 30-16 . 00 tea / coffee 16 . 00-17 . 30 round table chaired by michael clyne general information conference secretariat tilburg university research group on language and minorities c / o heleen strating - keurentjes p . o . box 90153 nl-5000 le tilburg the netherlands tel : + 31 13 4662588 fax : + 31 13 4663110 e - mail : language . loss . 98 @ kub . nl organizing committee - dr . ton ammerlaan , arnhem school of business - madeleine hulsen , university of nijmegen - dr . jetske klatter - folmer , institute for the deaf / tilburg university - heleen strating - keurentjes , tilburg university - piet van avermaet , university of leuven - dr . kutlay yagmur , tilburg university scientific committee - prof . kees de bot , university of nijmegen - prof . michael clyne , monash university , melbourne - prof . joshua fishman , stanford university , california / yeshiva university , new york - prof . koen jaspaert , university of leuven - dr . sjaak kroon , tilburg university location the conference will be held at koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands . this modern conference center is situated in forested areas , only fifteen minutes from the city of eindhoven and eindhoven airport . all rooms have a shower , toilet , television and telephone . koningshof offers a wide range of indoor and outdoor sports and leisure facilities , including a swimming pool , sauna , fitness club and squash court . registration and fees for registration , all participants ( including authors of submitted abstracts of papers ) are requested to mail the attached registration form before august 1 , 1998 . the registration fees are : dfl 410 conference programme and full board , before july 1 , 1998 . dfl 460 conference programme and full board , after july 1 , 1998 . dfl 235 conference programme , before july 1 , 1998 . dfl 285 conference programme , after july 1 , 1998 . please add an additional dfl 10 to cover international transfer charges if subscribing from abroad . the fee for the programme covers the conference fee , lunches on thursday and friday , tea / coffee during breaks , and the foreseen conference publication . the fee for full board additionally covers a single-room accommodation for one night including breakfast at koningshof conference center on thursday / friday as well as dinner on thursday . you will receive confirmation of registration , and the final programme at the end of august , 1998 . those who arrive earlier or wish to stay longer must take care of further accommodations themselves . they can contact the conference secretariat . payment of fees all payments should reach us either before july 1 , 1998 or ultimately by august 1 , 1998 ( see registration and fees ) . fees should be paid in dutch guilders to : kub / flw , account number 2386602 , mentioning ' code 1 . 8210 . w334 ' . cancellations the conference secretariat should be notified of cancellations in writing . if cancellations are received before august 1 , 1998 all fees , minus a cancellation charge of 25 % will be refunded . if cancelled after august 1 , but before september 1 , 1998 the cancellation charge will be 50 % . no refunds will be made for cancellations received later than september 1 , 1998 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration form third international conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages , koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands , november 26 - november 27 , 1998 . please fill out completely and return to the conference secretariat before july 1 , or ultimately before august 1 , 1998 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ o male / o female name , initials : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . first name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . institution : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mailing address : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tel . / fax : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e - mail : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please register me for : o conference programme and full board , before july 1 , 1998 . dfl 410 o conference programme and full board , after july 1 , 1998 . dfl 460 o conference programme , before july 1 , 1998 . dfl 235 o conference programme , after july 1 , 1998 . dfl 285 i hereby confirm that the fees have been remitted to the kub / flw account ( see payment of fees ) . special requests or requirements : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . place / date : signature : piet van avermaet centre for language and migration department of linguistics katholieke universiteit leuven blijde inkomststraat 7 , 3000 leuven tel : 32 + 16 + 325365 fax : 32 + 16 + 325360 e-mail : piet . vanavermaet @ arts . kuleuven . ac . be
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2477,"Subject: csdl - 4
 
 preliminary schedule the fourth conference on conceptual structure , discourse , and language ( csdl - 4 ) october 10-12 , 1998 emory university , atlanta , georgia , usa general information : all talks will be held in the geosciences / anthropology building on the emory university campus . please note there will be a discount for early registration ( before june 10 ) . we also strongly encourage you to book your hotel reservations before that time , as a limited block of rooms has been reserved at the emory inn near the campus . detailed information about preregistration , transportation , and accomodations can be found at the conference web site : http : / / www . emory . edu / college / linguistics / csdl / preliminary schedule friday , october 9 7 : 30 pm : pre - conference symposium on primate communication . harold gouzoules , dario maestripieri , and susan savage-rumbaugh will discuss their research at the yerkes regional primate reseach center on vocal and gestural communication engaged in by our nearest primate relatives . saturday , october 10 9 : 00 ron langacker ( uc san diego ) , "" what wh means "" 9 : 25 liang tao ( ohio u ) , "" switch reference and zero anaphora : emergent reference in discourse processing "" 9 : 50 mira ariel ( tel aviv u ) , "" the cognitive basis of resumptive pronouns "" 10 : 15 michael israel ( uc san diego ) , "" argument structure and scalar argumentation "" 10 : 40 break 11 : 00 david danaher ( u of denver ) , "" metonymy in cognition , literature , and phenomenology : a case study "" 11 : 25 phyllis wilcox ( u of new mexico ) , "" two dogs and a metaphorical chain : an intertropic cognitive phenomenon "" 11 : 50 carol lynn moder ( oklahoma state u ) , "" metaphors in context : linguistic form and conceptual mapping "" 12 : 15 anna papafragou ( univ . college london ) , "" metaphor and cognition : evidence from english and modern greek "" 12 : 40 poster session and buffet lunch the following posters will be on display and presenters will be available for discussion ; a buffet lunch will be available in the same room . tamer amin ( clark u ) , "" the syntax and semantics of heat and temperature : a cognitive linguistics approach to the layperson 's understanding of scientific terms . john barnden ( u of birmingham ) , "" conceptual blending and an implemented system for metaphor - based reasoning "" benjamin bergen ( uc berkeley ) , "" the experiential foundations of metaphors for society : metaphorical analogy and the personification of society "" roberta corrigan ( u of wisconsin - milwaukee ) , "" semantic factors influencing the attribution of causality in interpersonal events "" lourdes de leon and john haviland ( ciesas & reed college ) , "" the emergence of the participant : gesture , verbs , and interaction in early tzotzil 's peech ' "" galina dobrova ( state pedagogical u . of russia ) , "" what is more important in the study of language acquisition : form or function ? ( children 's references to self in perception and production ) "" michele emanatian ( five colleges , amherst ) , "" metaphor clustering in discourse "" sharon hutchins ( emory u ) , "" phonesthemes as classifiers within the english root : revisiting manner and path in english and spanish "" scott liddell ( gallaudet u ) , "" reification in spatial blends "" mei - chun liu ( national chiao tung u ) and chu - ren huang ( academia sinica ) , "" from nonimals to temporal targets : a lexical invitation for conceptual transfer and discourse participation "" paul maglio ( ibm ) and teenie matlock ( uc santa cruz ) , "" emergent structure in information space "" todd oakley ( case western reserve u ) , "" syntactic error as conceptual disintegration "" misumi sadler ( u of arizona ) , "" grammaticization of the direct object marker ' o ' in japanese : a discourse-based study "" kiyoko takahashi ( chulalongkorn u ) , "" functions and forms of access path expressions in thai "" sarah taub ( gallaudet u ) , "" multiple metaphors in single asl signs "" longxing wei ( montclair state u ) , "" complex lexical structure and interlanguage development "" section on discourse and computer mediated communication ( cmc ) : victor balaban ( emory u ) , "" self and agency in face - to - face and on - line discourse "" sage graham ( georgetown u ) , "" ' hello , welcome to my world ! ' : the emergence of conversational style in personal homepages "" alexandra jaffe ( u of southern mississippi ) , "" virtual greeting cards "" diane schallert , ronald benton , melissa dodson , nicole amador , maria lissi , joylynn reed , and fan - ni liu ( u of texas , austin ) , "" individual cognition and social construction of discourse in cmc classroom discussions "" 2 : 15 theme session - - grammatical constructions : form and function joan bybee ( u of new mexico ) , "" constructions as processing units "" brian macwhinney ( carnegie mellon u ) , "" embodiment , perspective , and argument structure "" t . givon ( u of oregon ) , "" the grammar of perspective in fiction "" 4 : 15 break 4 : 30 regina pustet ( u of munich ) , "" copula and time - stability "" 4 : 55 patrick juola ( u of oxford ) , "" text distortion as a measure of communicative function and complexity "" 5 : 20 steven fincke ( uc santa barbara ) , "" three levels of core - oblique distinction in bikol "" 5 : 45 kristine jensen de lopez ( aarhus u ) , "" learning to organize space by use of body part terms , prepositions , and verbs of motion and disposition "" 6 : 10 asli ozyurek ( max planck inst . ) , "" differences in speech and gesture organization in turkish and english spatial discourse "" sunday , october 11 9 : 00 dieter hillert ( uc san diego ) , "" access to idiomatic and literal meanings during real - time sentence processing "" 9 : 25 michael barlow and suzanne kemmer ( rice u ) , "" idioms and blending "" 9 : 50 roderick jacobs ( u of hawai ' i ) , "" discourse cueing and the idealized reader "" 10 : 15 miguel oliveira ( simon fraser u ) , "" the function of self - aggrandizement in storytelling "" 10 : 40 break 11 : 00 soteria svorou ( san jose state u ) , "" regions in language "" 11 : 25 barbara malt ( lehigh u ) , steven sloman and silvia gennari ( brown u ) , meiyi shi and yuan wang ( lehigh u ) , "" similarity and the linguistic categorization of common objects "" 11 : 50 sherman wilcox ( u of new mexico ) , "" cognitive iconicity and signed language universals "" 12 : 15 michael smith ( oakland u ) , "" some aspects of path - like iconicity in german separable verb constructions "" 12 : 40 lunch 2 : 00 theme session - - functional and cognitive approaches to the study of first language acquisition eve clark ( stanford u ) , "" the uptake of words and semantic relations "" nancy budwig ( clark u ) , "" perspective , deixis , and the development of voice "" michael tomasello ( max planck inst . & emory u ) : "" acquiring and constraining verb - argument constructions "" 4 : 00 break 4 : 15 satoshi uehara ( tohoku u ) , "" subjective predicates in japanese : a cognitive approach "" 4 : 40 michel achard ( rice u ) , "" conceptual raising "" 5 : 05 sally rice ( u of alberta ) and hubert cuyckens ( u of hamburg & antwerp ) , "" does ontogeny recapitulate phylogeny in the emergence of infinitival ' to ' ? a developmental and diachronic case study "" 5 : 30 break 5 : 45 christopher johnson ( uc berkeley ) , "" constructional grounding : on the relation between deictic and existential there - constructions in acquisition "" 6 : 10 benjamin bergen and madelaine plauche ( uc berkeley ) , "" voila voila : metaphorical extensions of deictic constructions in french "" 6 : 35 kevin moore ( uc berkeley ) , "" deixis and the ' front / back ' component of temporal metaphors "" 7 : 00 conference dinner party monday , october 12 9 : 00 shannon mcewen and sally rice ( u of alberta ) , "" ' they all went to go play ' : serial verb constructions in children 's narratives "" 9 : 25 ivo sanchez ( uc santa barbara ) , "" prosodic integration in spanish complement clauses "" 9 : 50 tom skold and maria wiktorsson ( lund u ) , "" compositional and non - compositional aspects of written and spoken texts "" 10 : 15 barbara luka ( u of chicago ) and lawrence barsalou ( emory u ) , "" syntactic accomodations in discourse and the implicit memory for syntactic structures "" 10 : 40 break 11 : 00 ferdinand de haan ( u of new mexico ) , "" on the grammaticalization of visual evidentiality "" 11 : 25 susan duncan ( u of chicago ) , "" evidence from gesture for a conceptual nexus of action and entity "" 11 : 50 lunch 1 : 10 theme session - - conceptual blending and metaphor eve sweetser ( uc berkeley ) , "" performativity and blended spaces "" gilles fauconnier ( uc san diego ) , "" the great chain of blending "" george lakoff ( uc berkeley ) , title tba 3 : 10 ( conference ends )
",0
2478,"Subject: program & info : workshop on comparative slavic morphosyntax
 
 workshop on comparative slavic morphosyntax program and practical information mccormick 's creek state park spenser , indiana 5 - 7 june 1998 indiana university and the u . s . dept . of education are pleased to sponsor this workshop . earlier this winter and spring five "" position papers "" were published at our www site < http : / / www . indiana . edu / ~ slavconf / linguistics / index . html > the position papers aimed to summarize the state of knowledge on five crucial topics within the general rubric of comparative slavic morphosyntax , and responses were solicited addressing these papers . the workshop brings together the authors of the position papers and the respondants in an intimate , retreat-like setting . non - respondants are welcome to attend ; see below for details . the position papers and responses will be published by slavica publishers . friday , 5 june 1998 session 1 : wh - phrases and wh - movement in slavic 1 : 00 pm zeljko boskovic , u . of connecticut ( position paper ) 1 : 30 discussion responses : 1 : 45 norvin richards , u . of massachusetts focusing on serbo - croatian and not on bulgarian 2 : 10 jeong - seok kim , university of connecticut superiority effects in multiple wh - fronting 2 : 35 michael yadroff , indiana university wh - movement and superiority in russian 2 : 50 sandra stjepanovic , university of connecticut movement of wh - phrases in serbo - croatian matrix clauses 3 : 15 general discussion 3 : 45 arthur stepanov , university of connecticut scope - marking interrogatives in slavic 4 : 10 sue brown , harvard university attract - all and its relevance for negative concord 4 : 35 piotr banski , indiana university and warsaw university wh - movement in polish 5 : 00 loren billings , carnegie - mellon university catherine rudin , wayne state college animacy and focus in bulgarian wh - questions 5 : 25 general discussion 6 : 15 picnic dinner ( see below ) saturday , 6 june 1998 : session 2 : agreement in slavic 8 : 30 am greville g . corbett , u . of sussex ( position paper ) 9 : 00 discussion responses : 9 : 15 wayles browne , cornell university agreement with infinitive subjects in slavic 9 : 40 jens norgard - sorensen , university of copenhagen animacy as an agreement category 10 : 05 stephen wechsler , university of texas larisa zlatic , university of texas sentential and discourse agreement in serbo - croatian 10 : 30 natasha borovikova , depauw university and indiana university first - conjunct agreement with unaccusative verbs in russian 10 : 55 kim gareiss , university of chicago linguistic ideology and the loss of slavic agreement : the case of the macedonian relativizer 11 : 20 discussion 12 : 00 lunch session 3 : voice and diathesis in slavic 1 : 15 leonard h . babby , princeton university 1 : 45 discussion responses : 2 : 00 james lavine , princeton university stephanie harves , princeton university loren billings , carnegie mellon university syntax and diathesis : a response to l . h . babby 's "" voice and diathesis in slavic "" 2 : 25 george fowler , indiana university - sja , - en , and the vagaries of diathesis : why should aspect have anything to do with it anyway ? 2 : 40 marina yu . chertkova , lomonosov moscow university the passive voice , and by - aspectual verbs 3 : 05 milena slavcheva , bulgarian academy of sciences some reflections on voice and diathesis 3 : 20 general discussion session 4 : the slavic noun phrase 4 : 00 gilbert c . rappaport , university of texas , austin 4 : 30 discussion responses : 4 : 45 larisa zlatic , university of texas slavic noun phrases are nps , not dps 5 : 10 michael yadroff , indiana university the structure of np in slavic and ug 5 : 25 miriam engelhardt , jerusalem helen trugman , cteh , holon double genitive constructions in russian 5 : 50 george fowler , indiana university what 's at the top of np : kp , pp , and the nature of transitional categories 6 : 05 sandra stjepanovic , university of connecticut extraction of adjuncts out of nps 6 : 20 general discussion sunday 7 june 1998 session 5 : clitics in slavic 8 : 30 steven franks , indiana university 9 : 00 discussion responses : 9 : 15 ljiljana progovac , wayne state university clitic - second and verb - second 9 : 40 olga tomic , university of novi sad against clitic lowering 10 : 05 peter kosta , universitaet potsdam on the syntax of negation and clitics in slavic 10 : 30 iva schick , universitaet potsdam clitic doubling constructions in balkan - slavic languages 11 : 05 geraldine legendre , johns hopkins university generalized optimality - theoretic alignment : the case of macedonian clitics 11 : 30 general discussion 12 : 00 karel oliva , university of saarland just czech clitics data , or a closer look at the "" position paper : clitics in slavic "" ( 10 ) 12 : 15 matthew richardson , yale university czech clitics as phrasal inflection 12 : 40 piotr banski , indiana university and warsaw university verbal clitics in polish 1 : 05 general discussion location the workshop will be held at mccormick 's creek state park , near spenser , indiana , about 15 miles west of bloomington , indiana ( home of indiana university ) along highway 46 . practical arrangements there is no registration fee for the workshop , but we ask that you inform us in advance if you plan to attend , so that we can make appropriate arrangements for the included meals ( see below ) . we will have a single large room , with classroom-style seating ( tables facing the front ) . we will have an overhead projector , so speakers may prepare transparencies if they like , as well as an easel with poster-sized paper to write on if you prefer . we recommend that you bring 40 handouts with you if possible . limited xeroxing facilities are available for 10 cents / copy at the site , but it is better not to count on this . air : you should fly in and out of indianapolis . we will provide free airport transportation if you communicate your arrival and departure information in advance . as an emergency backup ( in case of serious flight delays or if your ride 's car should break down and strand you at the airport ) , there is reasonably priced shuttle service to bloomington from the ground transportation center at the airport . we do n't expect this to be an issue , but just in case , the shuttle schedule is given below . if you are not met as expected call the slavica publishers office at 1-812 - 856-4186 to communicate your problem . driving : if you arrive by car from the north or east , exit i-465 ( the circle road around indianapolis ) onto highway 67 at the sw corner of the city , and head south about 45 miles ; turn south ( left ) only highway 231 about 10 miles north of spenser , and at the first stoplight in spenser ( one of only three ! ) turn left ( east ) onto highway 46 . go two miles , then turn left into the park at a well-marked entrance . at the gate , state that your are arriving for the slavic workshop , and they will admit you without the $ 2 admission charge ) . the canyon inn is about 1 km into the park along the main road , and it is well marked . if you arrive from the south , take i-65 to highway 46 at columbus , indiana . exit west ( left ) and travel 50-60 miles through bloomington to the park , which will be on the right just before spenser . > from the west , take i-70 towards indianapolis , and exit onto highway 231 . travel about 30 miles south to spenser , then follow the directions above . > from bloomington , spenser is 15 miles to the west along highway 46 ( drive west on 17th st , which becomes 46 as it leaves bloomington ) . email me if you require additional transportation information ! accommodations the workshop will be held at the canyon inn on the territory of mccormick 's creek state park . two types of rooms are available : 1 double bed ( $ 60 / night ) 2 single beds ( $ 60 / night as single , $ 30 / person / night as double ) the rooms are small but quite nice , all with air conditioning , private bath , color tv , and the usual furnishings . we have contracted to pay the inn directly for our block of rooms ( thus saving all taxes , since we are a tax-exempt organization ! ) , and therefore you should make reservations with us via email , fax , etc . , and plan to pay us for your room upon arrival at the workshop . we prefer checks , if possible , but will take cash happily and can take credit cards if there is no other alternative ( we will have to handle this through slavica , as if you were purchasing books instead of paying for the room ) . the canyon inn has a swimming pool , and various outdoor recreation facilities are available ( hiking through the woods , horseback riding for a fee , etc . ) , so pack accordingly if you plan to take advantage of these opportunities during the workshop ! expect hot and humid weather , with daily temperatures reaching or exceeding 30 degrees celsius . overflow rooms are available at the patriot inn , about 1 km from the park entrance . these rooms cost about $ 44 single plus $ 4 - 5 per additional person in room . they are not as nice as the canyon inn rooms , and staying away from the workshop diminishes the coziness of the workshop experience , so we will not use them unless we run out of space at the canyon inn ( and this does not appear to be a problem at the moment ) . if you have to stay there , we will provide transportation to and from the conference site . if you want to stay in bloomington for a few days before or after the workshop , we have blocked some rooms in eigenmann hall , a graduate dormitory with single rooms , on-premises cafeteria , and within walking distance of our library . rooms cost about $ 28 / day ( food is not included ) , and may be paid for by credit card , cash , or checks . you should request these rooms through me in advance of the workshop , specifying arrival and departure dates . food the conference will provide the following meals at no charge to participants ( if you are accompanied by a spouse or children , they are welcome to join us but you must pay for their food ; email me for details ) . it is very important that i have an exact count before the conference , as i must provide this information to the canyon inn , so please keep me informed of your plans friday evening : outdoor picnic dinner ( barbecue chicken and ribs , various other dishes ; vegetarians can feast on salads etc . ; indoors if it rains ) saturday morning : coffee / juice / pastries / fruit at the conference room saturday lunch : buffet with sandwiches , salads , beverages , etc . sunday morning : same as saturday morning . saturday evening and sunday lunch are not provided for . i figure many people might want to go to a restaurant in bloomington , but there is a decent restaurant in the canyon inn as well , and one pleasant-looking hilltop restaurant in spenser as well . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * george fowler [ email ] gfowler @ indiana . edu dept . of slavic languages [ dept . tel . ] 1-812 - 855-9906 / - 2608 / - 2624 ballantine 502 [ dept . fax ] 1-812 - 855-2107 indiana university [ home phone / fax ] 1-317 - 726-1482 / - 1642 bloomington , in 47405-6616 usa [ slavica phone / fax ] 1-812 - 856-4186 / - 4187 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
2479,"Subject: journees de rochebrune 99
 
 1st call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - journes de rochebrune 1999 : rencontres interdisciplinaires sur les systmes complexes naturels et artificiels appel communications thme des journes 1999 toutes indications disponibles : http : / / www . idiap . ch / ~ glotin / rb99 . html conflits des interprtations et interprtation des conflits le robert dfinit l ' interprtation comme l ' activit de donner une signification que ce soit aux signes en gnral ou aux phnomnes . la connaissance que nous avons de cette activit est relativement peu structure au contraire de l ' activit de modlisation qui est spcifique quoique dominante dans la science occidentale contemporaine . l ' interprtation peut se comprendre la fois comme un processus et comme son rsultat . elle peut donc tre difficilement spare de sa dynamique d ' laboration . c ' est pourquoi nous voulons explorer plus prcisment le rle des conflits et antagonismes dont hraclite disait qu ' ils sont les seuls moteurs d ' volution . le conflit ne doit pas forcment tre compris dans le sens de la logique classique dans laquelle il est source d ' incohrence ; ni dans le sens tymologique de forces qui se heurtent ce qui rendrait le conflit source de destruction , mais au contraire comme dynamique cratrice une fois place dans un mcanisme d ' quilibration , possiblement par interprtation du conflit lui-mme . nous souhaitons poser les questions ( non-exhaustives ) suivantes : * le vivant interprte-t - il son environnement et quel sens donner cette assertion ? entre adn et organisation cellulaire , qu ' en est-il de l ' embryogense comme hermneutique du vivant ? * quelle diffrence y a-t - il entre l ' interprtation par le vivant , l ' homme et la machine ? quels modles en avons-nous et sont-ils conflictuels ? que nous apprend l ' ordinateur comme machine universelle traiter le signe ? * quel est le rle des conflits et antagonismes dans la construction d ' interprtation ? pourquoi les viter et comment les utiliser ? * comment une interprtation individuelle est-elle possible ou qu ' en est-il de l ' interprtation collective et du rle de la multiplicit des points de vue , qu ' ils soient mthodologiques , contextuels ou de niveaux , et donc des conflits qui peuvent en rsulter ? qu ' en est-il de l ' interprtation comme rsolution des conflits et donc moteur d ' volution ? * si , comme dans la deuxime dfinition du greimas ( voir notes ) , les signes sont toujours dj signifiants , comment peuvent-ils avoir ce statut ? qu ' est-ce qui les rend signifiants ? qu ' en est-il de la pense symbolique des civilisations anciennes ou orientales et qui a t cultive chez nous jusqu ' au moyen - age ( g . durand ) ? comment cette forme d ' interprtation s ' articule-t - elle avec les signes dcontextualiss , jusqu ' tre calculables et la conception de l ' interprtation qui en dcoule ? * de quels processus de lgitimation des interprtations disposons-nous ? quelles relations l ' interprtation entretient-elle avec l ' action ou l ' argumentation que ce soit avant , par ou aprs coup ? comment l ' interprtation s ' articule-t - elle la controverse , la ngociation , l ' ajustement ? * puisque la simulation joue un rle de plus en plus grand dans l ' activit du modlisateur : comment s ' articulent la simulation et l ' interprtation ? ces questions sont au coeur de la plupart des sciences et plus particulirement la smiotique , l ' hermneutique , les sciences cognitives et neurosciences , la philosophie , la psychologie , la linguistique et psycholinguistique , l ' intelligence artificielle , l ' anthropologie et la sociologie . elles sous-tendent galement l ' activit scientifique , tant dans la modlisation que dans l ' exprimentation . elles sont insparables des activits des concepteurs - ingnieurs , informaticiens , architectes . . . - dont les productions proviennent de la rsolution de conflits d ' interprtations du monde , et sont soumises des conflits d ' interprtation . notes : selon "" smiotique - dictionnaire raisonn de la thorie du langage "" de greimas et courts , on distingue au moins deux acceptions de l ' interprtation , l ' interprtation comme attribution de significations des signes qui en sont dpourvus et l ' interprtation comme paraphrase ( au sens large ) de signes dj remplis de significations . cette deuxime acception fait cho au "" dictionnaire de la psychanalyse "" de laplanche et pontalies qui dfinit l ' interprtation comme dgagement , par l ' investigation analytique , de sens latent dans le dire et les conduites d ' un sujet ; faisant donc rfrence la fois au sens dj l et , en plus , sa modalit d ' obtention . soumission des contributions les propositions de communication , de 4 12 pages , devront parvenir en trois exemplaires ou sous forme lectronique ( word attach vivement souhait ) l ' adresse suivante : christophe parisse , inserm , laboratoire de neuropsychologie de l ' enfant , btiment pharmacie 3me tage , hpital de la salptrire , 47 bd de l ' hpital , 75651 paris cedex 13 , france e - mail : parisse @ ext . jussieu . fr dates importantes rception des manuscrits : 31 septembre 1998 notification d ' acceptation : 9 novembre 1998 remise des versions finales : 10 dcembre 1998 toutes indications disponibles : http : / / www . idiap . ch / ~ glotin / rb99 . html ffrom mailer-daemon mon may 25 13 : 59 : 16 1998 received : from linguist . ldc . upenn . edu ( linguist . ldc . upenn . edu [ 158 . 130 . 16 . 169 ] ) by linguistlist . org ( 8 . 8 . 8 / 8 . 8 . 8 ) with esmtp id naa14645 for < linguist @ linguistlist . org > ; mon , 25 may 1998 13 : 59 : 15 - 0400 ( edt ) received : from linguist . ldc . upenn . edu ( linguist . ldc . upenn . edu [ 158 . 130 . 16 . 169 ] ) by linguist . ldc . upenn . edu ( 8 . 8 . 5 / 8 . 8 . 5 ) with esmtp id naa17535 for < linguist @ linguistlist . org > ; mon , 25 may 1998 13 : 59 : 15 - 0400 ( edt ) message - id : < 199805251759 . naa17535 @ linguist . ldc . upenn . edu >
",0
2480,"Subject: table of contents
 
 the instituto universitario ortega y gasset of madrid has edited the fith issue of iuog - working papers in linguistics / cuadernos de linguistica del iuog with the following contents : cuadernos de linguistica v ( 1997-1998 ) contents : eva berkes : a minimalist approach to negative concord violeta demonte barreto : a minimal account of spanish adjective position and interpretation olga fernndez - soriano : on impersonal sentences in spanish : locative and dative subjects dionisio hernndez cmara : condiciones estructurales mnimas del movimiento explcito isabel nieto herranz : prepositional prefix co - : syntactic and semantic properties teresa mara rodrguez ramalle : bases para un estudio sintctico-semntico de la interpretacin del adverbio natalia snchez - lefebvre : stylistic movement in the dp : evidence from possessive constructions price : $ 10 ( price do not include shipping and handling charges . prices in u . s . dollars are subject to change without notice ) orders and information ( for current volumen as well as previous ones ) must be sent to the following address : cuadernos de lingstica instituto universitario ortega y gasset ( i . u . o . g . ) c / fortuny 53 28010 madrid espaa / spain ph . # : ( 34 ) - 91-310 - 44-12 fax # : ( 34 ) - 91-308 - 40-07 purchase method : transfer bank account : send the total amount of your purchase ( copies of the current number as well of the previous ones ) to the following bank account ( ccc ) : banco exterior de espaa ( bex ) c / serrano 49 28006 madrid spain 0104-0306 - 55-0304028330 please , include a copy of the receipt with your order form and send it to the aforementioned address . for orders from spain , check in spanish currency , for order out of spain , check in u . s . dollars payable to instituto universitario ortega y gasset with the total amount and include it in the order form . cash on delivery ( c . o . d . ) . in this case , the purchase amount will include shipping and handling charges .
",0
2481,"Subject: 1998 nic symposium
 
 1998 nic symposium on intercultural communication november 25-27 , 1998 g \ 246teborg , sweden hosted by the department of linguistics , g \ 246teborg university ( with support by kim and the immigrant institute in bor \ 229s ) # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # background # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # the nordic network for intercultural communication ( nic ) was founded in 1994 for the promotion of intercultural research and education in the nordic and baltic countries . the objectives of nic are to support active interaction and to support information exchange concerning higher education and research projects in the nordic countries , and in the new , baltic countries . in addition , nic supports development of research and training in intercultural communication in different locations . the present activities of nic include mainly : \ 183 to hold annual symposia or conferences on intercultural communication \ 183 to keep an address list of interested researchers and organizations \ 183 to maintain an internet based forum for discussion . the first nic symposium on intercultural communication was held in 1994 , in stavanger , norway , subsequently symposia have been held in jyv \ 228skl \ 228 , finland , november 1995 ; in aalborg , denmark , november 1996 ; and in tartu , estonia , november 1997 . the fifth nic annual conference on intercultural communication will take place in g \ 246teborg , sweden , hosted by the department of linguistics at g \ 246teborg university , sweden and supported by kim ( inderdisciplinary center for research on cultural and intercultural migration ) and the immigrant institute in bor \ 229s . # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # first call for papers # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # the 1998 nic symposium on intercultural communication committee now invites all prospective participants to send abstracts of proposed papers or full papers , research-in - progress papers , and proposals for panels or other activities pertaining to the conference . the main theme suggested for the 1998 nic symposium will be "" intercultural communication through multimodal media "" , which may include spoken intercultural communication , nonverbal intercultural communication , long distance intercultural communication ( e . g . telephone , email , internet ) , etc . the following and other suggested topics are also welcome . 1 . icc and the internet 2 . political rhetoric 3 . intercultural conflict handling 4 . spoken language and icc 5 . intercultural business communication 6 . educational aspects of icc 7 . icc and nonverbal communication 8 . icc and sign - language 9 . immigration and icc 10 . managing cultural diversity # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # submission of abstracts ( deadline : june 1 , 1998 ) # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # please prepare your abstract within 250 words . the abstract should contain the title , name ( s ) and address ( es ) of the author ( s ) , e-mail address , and fax numbers of the author to whom the acceptance / rejection notice should be sent . the abstract for each presentation should be received by june 1 , 1998 . please send your abstract to one of the following addresses . jens allwood , g \ 246teborg university , department of linguistics box 200 , se 405 30 g \ 246teborg , sweden email address : jens @ ling . gu . se fax : + 46 ( 0 ) 31 773 4853 youhua tong , g \ 246teborg university , department of linguistics box 200 , se 405 30 g \ 246teborg , sweden email address : youhua @ ling . gu . se fax : + 46 ( 0 ) 31 773 4853 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # paper presentation # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # the symposium committee will select papers for presentation and will organize the final program and inform you whether or not your paper proposal is accepted by september 1998 . if your paper proposal is accepted , you will be invited to present a paper for about twenty minutes . please note that the working language of the conference is english . # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # publication of papers # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # publication of papers will be considered according to various circumstances as well as conditions of funding at a later stadium of the conference organization . decisions concerning publication will be announced later at the web homepage for the 1998 nic symposium at the following address : http : / / www . ling . gu . se / events / icc98reg . html # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # registration ( deadline : august 31 , 1998 ) # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # payment received before august 31 , 1998 students : 300 sek nonstudents : 700 sek payment received after august 31 , 1998 students : 400 sek nonstudents : 800 sek welcome to the 1998 nic symposium on intercultural communication !
",0
2482,"Subject: sle 98 st . andrews
 
 invitation to workshop during the 31st sle conference at st . andrews , 26-30 august , 1998 workshop organizer : werner abraham , groningen ( e - mail : abraham @ let . rug . nl , fax : + 31-50 - 363 58 21 ) workshop topic : ` spoken and written languages ; their structural and typological differeences ' the workshop aims at presentations in the following subfields to the general title : parsing strategies divided between spoken and written vernaculars ; typological differences and historical changes initiated by parsing rather than logical-structu - ral triggers ( such as , as the underwritten himself will claim in a contribution to the workshop , the upper german preterite decay ) ; typological differences be - tween genetically closely related languages such as afrikaans , yiddish and dial - ectal germans ( more or less strongly svo ) vs . written german ( sov ) ; what me - diates between sov and svo other than ( charles fries ' claim ) distinctions of mor - phological case ? it will be shown in the paper referred to above that distinctions of a discourse-functional sort and their prerequsites in structural terms ( wide middle field ! ) can contribute to the upkeeping of sov despite the fact that case morphology is rather weak ( dialectal german and dutch ) . organization : ( especially younger ) colleagues interested should contact organizer at groningen with an abstract covering an adjacent topic no longer than one page ( for a 20-30 minutes presentation ) . the intention is to submit a collection of the - matically unified papers to fol as a self-contained volume . heed : to attend the conference you need to be a member of the societas linguistica europaea . please contact the local organizers , dr . christopher beedham and dr . isabel forbes , dept . of german , school of modern languages , the university , st . andrews , fife ky16 9ph , scotland / uk , cb1 @ st-and . ac . uk , fax ( 01334 ) 46 36 77 , home page : http : / / www . st-and . ac . uk / academic / modlangs / sle98 / sle98 . html mail to : werner abraham , duits - letteren - rug , oude kijk in ' t jat straat 26 , nl-9712 ek groningen
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2483,"Subject: aiml ' 98 : final call for papers
 
 final call for papers advances in modal logic ' 98 aiml ' 98 october 16-18 , 1998 uppsala university , uppsala , sweden advances in modal logic is an initiative aimed at presenting an up-to - date picture of the state of the art in modal logic and its many applications . the initiative consists of a workshop series together with volumes based on those workshops . advances in modal logic ' 98 is the second workshop organized as part of this initiative . aiml ' 98 will be held from october 16 - - 18 , 1998 in uppsala , sweden . the workshop is intended for users of modal logic in cognition , computing , and language , as well as for logicians working in modal logic . topics : the aiml ' 98 workshop will be organized around a number of thematic areas : * modal logics of agency and normative systems * algebraic and model-theoretic aspects of modal logic * modal approaches to grammar and natural language semantics * computational aspects of modal logic * philosophical aspects of modal logic * modal logic and belief revision . papers on related subjects will also be considered . special session : during the workshop there will be a special afternoon session on modal logic and belief revision ; this session will be chaired by sven ove hansson and sten lindstrom . invited speakers : invited speakers include j . van benthem , k . fine , d . m . gabbay , j . horty , m . kracht , and r . parikh . paper submission : authors are invited to submit a detailed abstract of a full paper of at most 10 pages by e-mail to heinrich wansing at wansing @ rz . uni-leipzig . de , using ` aiml98 submission ' as the subject line . the cover page should include title , authors , and the coordinates of the corresponding author . following this it should be indicated which of the thematic areas best describes the content of the paper ( if none is appropriate , please give a set of keywords that best describe the topic of the paper ) . to be considered , submissions must be received no later than june 1 , 1998 . the preliminary version of the full paper to be included in a planned volume from the workshop should be available at the workshop ; the volume will be submitted to csli publications . authors will be notified of the acceptance of their paper by december 1 , 1998 . sponsors : the aiml ' 98 workshop is generously sponsored by neurotec hochtechnologie gmbh , the computational logic group at illc , university of amsterdam , compulog net network for computational logic , the swedish royal academy of science , and the university of uppsala . important dates : submission deadline : june 1 , 1998 notification : august 1 , 1998 workshop : october 16-18 , 1998 preliminary version for workshop volume due at the workshop notification of acceptance for publication : december 1 , 1998 programme committee : maarten de rijke , krister segerberg , heinrich wansing , michael zakharyaschev programme chair michael zakharyaschev institute of applied mathematics russian academy of sciences miusskaya square 4 125047 moscow russia ( e-mails : mishaz @ math . fu-berlin . de and mz @ spp . keldysh . ru ) aiml steering committee : maarten de rijke , heinrich wansing , michael zakharyaschev aiml advisory board : johan van benthem , max cresswell , luis farinas del cerro , larry moss , indiana krister , uppsala colin stirling further information : email enquiries about the aiml ' 98 workshop should be directed to krister . segerberg @ filosofi . uu . se . information about the aiml initiative can be obtained on the world - wide web at http : / / www . wins . uva . nl / ~ mdr / aiml .
",0
2484,"Subject: workshop annoncement and call for papers - clitics
 
 workshop announcement and call for papers c l i t i c s 24th - 26th february 1999 konstanz university , germany we are pleased to announce our workshop on ' clitics ' during the 21st annual meeting of the german society of linguistics in konstanz ( germany ) . in linguistic research , clitics play an increasingly prominent role . the status of clitics is under discussion in phonology , morphology , and syntax , as well as in the respective interfaces . in these fields , the discussion on clitics gives rise to controversial analyses . one open question is whether we need in fact a separate linguistic category ' clitic ' , or whether these elements can be subsumed under different linguistic categories , such as affixes . - with respect to phonology , it is undetermined how clitics are incorporated into phonological structure . should we distinguish a clitic group in the prosodic hierarchy , are clitics part of prosodic words , or are they left outside prosodic structure ? how is their phonological deficiency best accounted for ? - concerning the morphology of clitics , especially regarding the occurrence of opaque clitics in clitic clusters , analyses within the framework of distributed morphology compete with those which propose an optimality theoretic solution . - also , the morphosyntactic status of clitics is unclear . is it possible to capture the order of clitics in clitic clusters in a more explanatory way than in terms of templates ? the complex conditions on clitic doubling give rise to the question whether clitics should be analysed as agreement markers or as arguments . - syntactic aspects of clitics play a major role in recent analyses in different theoretical frameworks . for instance , there is no agreement on the explanation of clitic climbing and it is an unsettled issue whether clitic placement should be accounted for in a syntactic , prosodic , prosodic-syntactic , or optimality-theoretic approach . the workshop intends to bring together phonologists , morphologists , and syntacticians and provides an ideal opportunity to share insights and to discuss the issues mentioned above . in addition to the invited speaker presentations , there are 9 slots for 30 - minute presentations , and 3 slots for 1 hour presentations ( including discussion ) . invited speakers : geert booij ( free university amsterdam ) jane grimshaw ( rutgers university ) juan uriagereka ( university of maryland ) please send a one-page abstract before 15th august 1998 to : birgit gerlach & janet grijzenhout , seminar fuer allgemeine sprachwissenschaft , heinrich - heine - universitaet , universitaetsstr . 1 , 40225 duesseldorf , germany . we may be contacted by e-mail at gerlach @ phil-fak . uni-duesseldorf . de , or grijzenh @ phil-fak . uni-duesseldorf . de
",0
2485,"Subject: conferrence ' minority languages in context '
 
 minority languages in context : diversity and standardisation the provisional programm of the ' colloque 1998 de la vals / asla ' , 21st - 23rd september 1998 , in chur , switzerland , about ' minority languages in context : diversity and standardisation ' is available on the following website : http : / / www . romsem . unibas . ch / vals _ asla / colloque98 / colloque98eng . htm the final programm of the congress will be available around mid june . eva roos aal , university of berne , switzerland eva . roos @ aal . unibe . ch
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2486,"Subject: available for review : massaro 98 -
 
 the book listed below is in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . speech perception massaro , dominic ( 1998 ) perceiving talking faces : from speech perception to a behavioral principle . cambridge : mit press . pattern recognition is deemed central to cognition . it appears to follow an optimal algorithm in a wide variety of behaviors and situations . _ perceiving talking faces _ proposes an invariant law of pattern recognition to describe how multiple sources of continuously perceived information , such as auditory and visual speech input are processed to achieve perception of a category . the book details the author 's extensive series of experiments on the use of multiple cues in speech perception and other domains , and unifies teh results under the fuzzy logical model of perception . the volume includes a cd rom . the reviewer of this volume will be expected to review both the book and the cd rom .
",0
2487,"Subject: amsterdam series in child language development vol . 6
 
 as of now is available volume 6 of the "" amsterdam series in child language development "" : anne baker , mieke beers , gerard bol , jan de jong & geertje leemans ( eds ) "" child language disorders in a cross - linguistic perspective . proceedings of the fourth symposium of the european group on child language disorders . "" ( 1997 ) ascld no . 6 dfl 15 . 00 contents : gerard bol "" preface ' ( 5 - 7 ) anne baker , annette scheper , bart siebelink & philip treffers ' morphosyntactic problems in children with psychiatric disturbance ' ( 9-31 ) laura bosch & miquel serra ' grammatical morphology deficits of spanish - speaking children with specific language impairment ' ( 33-45 ) gina conti - ramsden ' what is the nature of specific language impairment ? is sli really specific ? ' ( 47-64 ) esther dromi , laurence leonard & galit adam ' evaluating the morphological abilities of hebrew - speaking children with sli ' ( 65-78 ) jan de jong ' verbal argument structure in specifically language impaired children ' ( 79-98 ) melita kovaevi , hermann schler and marta ljubei ' controlled sentence production in sli children : german and croatian studies ' ( 99-115 ) geertje leemans ' the acquisition of subj - v - agreement and v2 in dutch sli children - first results ' ( 117-141 ) eeva leinonen & carolyn letts ' why pragmatic impairment ? a case study in comprehension of inferential meaning ' ( 143-157 ) anne - marie schaerlaekens ' language loss and language recovery in landau - kleffner syndrome ' ( 159-177 ) the "" amsterdam series in child language development "" ( issn 1382-5550 ) was established in 1993 . the series editors are maaike verrips ( now utrecht ) and frank wijnen ( utrecht ) . publisher is the institute for general linguistics at the university of amsterdam ( where orders can be placed - - see below ) . more information on the "" amsterdam series in child language development "" can be found on ascld 's web-page : http : / / www-uilots . let . uu . nl / ~ frank . wijnen / ascld-info . html = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = amsterdam series in child language development = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ascld requires prepayment . as soon as your payment reaches us , we will send out your copies and an invoice . our dutch customers can order ascld 6 by transferring the amount of dfl 15 . 00 to ( postal ) account no . 5032250 of : vakgroep algemene taalwetenschap , universiteit van amsterdam , spuistraat 210 , 1012 vt amsterdam . ( postbank n . v . , amsterdam ) . please mention : "" bestelling ascld 6 "" . ascld 6 can be ordered from abroad in the following ways . please make sure you choose the right mode of payment and mention : "" ascld 6 "" . ( a ) [ all customers : ] send an international money order to the amount of dfl 15 . 00 to : vakgroep algemene taalwetenschap , uni - versiteit van amsterdam , spuistraat 210 , 1012 vt amsterdam , the netherlands . or : ( b ) [ all customers : ] you can also pay by american express card or visa - card . send us your creditcard number and the expiring date . ( c ) [ european customers : ] if you have a postal account ( europe ) , transfer dfl 15 . 00 to ( postal ) account no . 5032250 of : vakgroep algemene taalwetenschap etc . ( see ( a ) ) ( postbank n . v . , amsterdam , the netherlands ) . ( d ) [ european customers : ] send an euro cheque written out in dutch guilders ( amount : dfl 15 . 00 ) to vakgroep algemene taalweten - schap , spuistraat 210 , 1012 vt amsterdam . attention : due to extra bank charges other cheques or money orders cannot be accepted . please specify the required item . linguistics dept . / university of amsterdam / spuistraat 210 / 1012 vt amsterdam / the netherlands phone : + 31-20 - 5253864 fax : + 31-20 - 5253021 e-mail : atw @ let . uva . nl if you have any problems concerning your order of ascld 6 , please do not hesitate to contact the series editors at : ascld @ let . uva . nl [ or : ] ascld @ hum . uva . nl = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = ! ! ! ! ! ! attention ! new e-mail address : frank . wijnen @ let . uu . nl . ! ! ! ! ! ! please update your address books + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | fra n k wijnen | | utrecht institute of linguistics ots | | trans 10 , 3512 jk utrecht , netherlands | | tel + 31 30 253 6334 fax + 31 30 253 6000 | | http : / / www-uilots . let . uu . nl / ~ frank . wijnen / | + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
",0
2488,"Subject: new books in syntax & morphology
 
 syntax & morphology spontaneous spoken language : syntax and discourse jim miller , university of edinburgh , and regina weinert , university of sheffield the authors examine the types of clauses used by people when they are speaking off the cuff . they also analyze the devices speakers use when organizing larger chunks of language , such as conversations . using data from english , german , and russian , they develop a systematic analysis of spoken english and highlight cross-language properties . they argue that there are major and systematic differences between spoken and written language , and conclude by exploring the implications of their findings for typology , first-language acquisition , and education . may 1998 472 pp . ; 1 linecut 0-19 - 823656 - 5 $ 115 . 00 oxford university press coordination janne bondi johannessen , university of oslo ( oxford studies in comparative syntax ) johannessen focuses on coordination , i . e . structures with conjunctions such as and , but , and or . these are important words in their constructions because they have many properties in common with categories like verbs and prepositions . she has analyzed thirty-three languages and has found many striking similarities , presenting the first study of coordination from a cross-linguistic perspective . her theory of syntactic coordination aims to be general and universal , and is broadly compatible with chomsky 's minimalist framework . june 1998 304 pp . 0-19 - 823772 - 3 paper $ 35 . 00 0-19 - 823709 - x cloth $ 85 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford university press : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
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2489,"Subject: new books in phonetics & phonology
 
 phonetics & phonology the phonology of armenian bert vaux , harvard university ( the phonology of the world 's languages ) this study presents the first contemporary linguistic treatment of armenian , an indo - european language whose distinct dialects range geographically from poland to india . the book documents a rich linguistic ( and literary ) history dating from the fourth-century translation of the bible into classical armenian . data are drawn from classical , middle , and standard eastern and western armenian , and from the author 's fieldwork on non-standard dialects . june 1998 296 pp . ; 105 linecuts , 1 map 0-19 - 823661 - 1 $ 105 . 00 oxford university press understanding phonology carlos gussenhoven , university of nijmegen , the netherlands , and haike jacobs , free university of amsterdam , the netherlands ( understanding language ) ( an arnold publication ) "" this book gives a clear and accurate picture of current phonological theory in a small number of pages . "" - - john goldsmith , university of chicago this text provides a broad yet up-to - date introduction to phonology . assuming no previous knowledge of phonology or linguistic theory , the authors introduce the basic concepts and build on these progressively , discussing the main theories and illustrating key points with carefully chosen examples . the book covers a wide range of phenomena , including speech production , segmental contrasts , tone , quantity , prosodic structure , metrical relations , and intonation , as well as such key theories as feature geometry and optimality theory . june 1998 304 pp . ; 2 linecuts 0-340 - 69218 - 9 paper $ 19 . 95 0-340 - 69217 - 0 cloth $ 75 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford university press : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
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2490,"Subject: new books in sociolinguistics & anthropological linguistics
 
 sociolinguistics & anthropological linguistics the sociolinguistics reader volume 1 : multilingualism and variation edited by peter trudgill , university of lausanne , switzerland , and jenny cheshire , queen mary and westfield college , university of london ( arnold linguistics readers ) ( an arnold publication ) this two-volume text presents a state-of - the-art account of the discipline in the closing years of the twentieth century . the books chart the liveliest areas in contemporary sociolinguistics : variation , multilingualism , gender , and discourse and include helpful introductions and other aids to the student and specialist . volume 1 explores the macro-social aspects of sociolinguistics , covering cross-cultural communication problems , the linguistic behavior of bilingual speakers , language contact , the social psychology of language , variation , and the mystery of linguistic change . may 1998 296 pp . ; 37 linecuts 0-340 - 65206 - 3 paper $ 19 . 95 0-340 - 65207 - 1 cloth $ 75 . 00 oxford university press the sociolinguistics reader volume 2 : gender and discourse edited by jenny cheshire , queen mary and westfield college , university of london , and peter trudgill , university of lausanne , switzerland ( arnold linguistics readers ) ( an arnold publication ) volume 2 of this two-volume text looks first at patterns of language variation , how gender identities are accomplished through language , and the importance of gender in accounting for language behavior . it goes on to examine sociolinguistic issues surrounding discourse , with reference to the communication of affective meaning , conversational routines , grammaticalization and language change , intertextuality , and cross-cultural discourse patterns and their social implications . may 1998 416 pp . ; 23 linecuts 0-340 - 69999 - x paper $ 19 . 95 0-340 - 69182 - 4 cloth $ 85 . 00 oxford university press claiming power in doctor-patient talk nancy ainsworth - vaughn , michigan state university ( oxford studies in sociolinguistics ) nancy ainsworth - vaughn studied stories , topic control , "" true "" questions , and rhetorical questions in 101 medical encounters in us private-practice settings . in exceptionally lucid and accessible style , ainsworth - vaughn explains how power was claimed by and co-constructed for both patients and doctors ( previous studies have focused upon doctors ' power ) . the discourse varied along a continuum from interview-like talk to conversational talk . six chapters are organized around data and include extended examples of actual talk in detailed transcription ; four of these data-oriented chapters focus upon dynamic , moment-to - moment use of speech activities in emerging discourse , such as doctors ' and patients ' stories that co-constructed selves , and a patient 's sexual rhetorical questions . two more chapters offer non-statistical quantitative data on the frequency of questioning and sudden topic changes in relation to gender , diagnosis , and other factors . contributing to discourse theory , ainsworth - vaughn significantly modifies previous definitions for topic transitions and rhetorical questions and discovers the role of storytelling in diagnosis . the final chapter provides implications for physicians and medical educators . june 1998 224 pp . ; 3 halftones 0-19 - 509607 - x paper $ 19 . 95 0-19 - 509606 - 1 cloth $ 45 . 00 oxford university press language ideologies : practice and theory edited by bambi b . schieffelin , new york university , kathryn a . woolard , university of california , san diego , and paul v . kroskrity , university of california , los angeles ( oxford studies in anthropological linguistics 16 ) "" language ideologies "" are cultural representations , whether explicit or implicit , of the intersection of language and human beings in a social world . mediating between social structures and forms of talk , such ideologies are not only about language . rather , they link language to identity , power , aesthetics , morality and epistemology . through such linkages , language ideologies underpin not only linguistic form and use , but also significant social institutions and fundamental notions of person and community . the essays in this new book examine definitions and conceptions of language in a wide range of societies around the world . contributors focus on how such defining activity organizes language use as well as institutions such as religious ritual , gender relations , the nation-state , schooling , and law . this timely volume will be the first collection of work to appear in this rapidly growing field , which effectively bridges linguistic and social theory . may 1998 352 pp . ; 4 linecuts 0-19 - 510562 - 1 paper $ 35 . 00 0-19 - 510561 - 3 cloth $ 75 . 00 oxford university press oral traditions of anuta : a polynesian outlier in the solomon islands richard feinberg , kent state university ( oxford studies in anthropological linguistics 15 ) anuta is a small polynesian community in the eastern solomon islands that has had minimal contact with outside cultural forces . even at the end of the twentieth century , it remains one of the most traditional and isolated islands in the insular pacific . in oral traditions of anuta , richard feinberg offers a telling collection of anutan historical narratives , including indigenous texts and english translations . this rich , thorough assemblage is the result of a collaborative project between feinberg and a large cross-section of the anutan community that developed over a period of twenty-five years . the volume 's emphasis is ethnographic , consisting of a number of texts as related by the island 's most respected experts in matters of traditional history . feinberg 's annotations , which arm the reader with essential ethnographic and historical contexts , clarify important linguistic and cultural issues that arise from the stories . the texts themselves have important implications for the relationship of oral tradition to history and symbolic structures , and afford new evidence pertinent to polynesian language sub-grouping . further , they provide insight into a number of anutan customs and preoccupations , while also suggesting certain widespread polynesian practices dating back to the pre-contact and early contact periods . may 1998 304 pp . ; 5 linecuts 0-19 - 510683 - 0 $ 85 . 00 oxford university press language obsolescence and revitalization : linguistic change in two sociolinguistically contrasting welsh communities mari c . jones , university of cambridge ( oxford studies in language contact ) mari c . jones 's book is the first to examine developments in contemporary welsh with reference to both language death and standardization . she bases her study on extensive fieldwork in two sociolinguistically contrasting communities she also examines agents of revitalization , such as immersion schools and the media , and the effect they are having on welsh . she explores and discusses the position of breton and cornish by way of comparison . june 1998 464 pp . ; 110 maps and linecuts 0-19 - 823711 - 1 $ 135 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford university press : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
",0
2491,"Subject: confs : scil 10 - linguistics in cognitive science
 
 scil-10 june 6 & 7 northwestern university annenberg hall 10th annual student conference in linguistics "" linguistics in cognitive science "" june 6 and 7 , annenberg hall , northwestern university . registration information at http : / / www . ling . nwu . edu / ~ scil / send questions to scil @ ling . nwu . edu schedule : saturday , june 6 semantics session sat 9 : 00 jya - lin hwang university of hawaii , manoa on chinese resultative verb compounds : a lexical subordination approach sat 9 : 30 anna goy universita ' di torino ( italy ) lexical semantics of emotional adjectives sat 10 : 00 masaaki fuji rutgers university a stage - level e - type pronoun in japanese - - - - - - - break syntax session a sat 11 . 00 keiko murumatsu university of maryland the count / mass distinction and the ordering of adjectives sat 11 : 30 kleanthes k . grohmann university of maryland syntactic inquiries into discourse restrictions on multiple interrogatives sat 12 : 00 ralph c . blight university of texas at austin vp ellipsis , predicate fronting , and verb positions in english - - - - - - - lunch break psycholinguistics session sat 2 : 00 barbara j . luka university of chicago judgment fatigue : when metacognition and linguistic data crash and burn sat 2 : 30 julie hilliard university of kansas the perception of lexical stress in auditory word recognition sat 3 : 00 john grinstead ucla jeffrey macswan ucla susan curtis ucla rochel gelman ucla the independence of language and number sat 3 : 30 aida martinovic - zic university of wisconsin at milwaukee jelena jovanovic university of california at berkeley conceptualization of motion and language - specific constraints in first language acquisition - - - - - - break sat 4 : 30 - 6 : 00 keynote address lila gleitman university of pennsylvania more surprises about word learning : the human simulation paradigm - - - - - - - dinner break sat 8 : 00 scil party omni orrington hotel ( until midnight ) sunday , june 7 syntax session b sun 9 : 00 masao ochi university of connecticut multiple spell - out , pf merger and adjunction sun 9 : 30 satoshi oku university of connecticut english genitive "" pronouns "" as isomorphs of anaphor and pronominal sun 10 : 00 mika kizu mcgill university resumptive a ' - dependencies in cleft constructions - - - - - break language acquisition and discourse analysis session sun 11 : 00 vaijayanthi sarma mit acquisition of condition a and agreement : the developmental syntax of tamil sun 11 : 30 hikyoung lee university of pennsylvania the production and perception of discourse marker use in korean americans sun 12 : 00 laurel stvan northwestern university how about it ? the influence of accent and context in determining discourse function - - - - lunch break phonology session sun 2 : 00 caroline jones university of massachusetts , amherst licit vs . illicit responses in meinhof 's rule phenomena sun 2 : 30 walcir cardoso mcgill university resolving hiatus in picard : an optimality account sun 3 : 00 tao - yuan li university of minnesota effects of phonetic duration and phonological complexity on short - term memory
",0
2492,"Subject: tag + workshop registration and accommodations
 
 registration and accommodation information for the tag + workshop ( aug . 1 - 3 ) and tutorials ( july 28-31 ) to be held at the institute for research in cognitive science in philadelphia , pa is now available on the web at : http : / / www . cis . upenn . edu / ~ ircs / mol / tag98 . html . for your convenience in registering , the registration form is also included at the end of this message . best regards , jennifer macdougall tag + workshop assistant - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration form for tag + 1998 workshop and tutorials name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mailing address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ citizenship : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ if you are a non - us participant , what kind of visa have you obtained to come here ? b - 1 visa ( tourist business ) _ _ _ _ _ b - 2 visa ( tourist pleasure ) _ _ _ _ _ j - 1 visa _ _ _ _ _ f - 1 visa _ _ _ _ _ other ( please specify ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ will you be attending : workshop ( aug . 1st - 3rd ) _ _ _ _ tutorials ( july 28th - 31st ) _ _ _ _ both _ _ _ _ are you a student ? yes _ _ _ _ _ no _ _ _ _ _ are you receiving a stipend ? yes _ _ _ _ no _ _ _ _ do you need dorm housing ? yes _ _ _ _ no _ _ _ _ _ for how many nights ? _ _ _ _ please send or fax your completed registration forms to : jennifer macdougall institute for research in cognitive science suite 400a , 3401 walnut street philadelphia , pa 19104-6228 + 1-215 - 573-9247
",0
2493,"Subject: bisca-98
 
 bisca-98 - bolzano international school in cognitive analysis unfolding perceptual continua > from ecology of perception to cognition recent problems raised by artificial intelligence and cognitive sciences such as the perception of forms , the recognition of natural languages , the problems of common sense , naive physics , and consequently the need for direct and non-propositional reference to the objects of experience ( as cited , for example by scientists working in robotics ) have opened new areas of inquiry for psychophysics . bisca-98 will analyze the morphogenesis of the perceptive fields of vision , sound and touch , starting from the microstructure of intuitive continua , and therefore from a semiology of primitives as boundaries , points , angles , blobs , pointers , denotators , local signs , etc . the lectures , which from a general point of view will adopt an ecological perspective on perception , will proceed along the parallel tracks of psychophysical experimental research and the conceptual development of a theory of the intentionality of consciousness speakers of bisca 1998 are : liliana albertazzi , the experimental phenomenology standpoint jan j . koenderinck , multiply extended continua in vision guerino mazzola , grouping paradigms in music ruggero pierantoni , sensory perception : touch and cognition general information : 1 . attendance to the school will be limited to about 30 participants . 2 . a hotel list will be sent upon notification of acceptance . hotel costs in bolzano range between 70 , 000 and 250 , 000 italian liras per day , full board . 3 . each speaker will give 4 lectures , with ample time for discussion . 4 . all lectures will be in english . 5 . a small number of boursaries are available to qualified students to meet the costs of participation . for more information write to liliana albertazzi : alberta @ risc1 . gelso . unitn . it and see the imc web site : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / imc / imc . htm * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * roberto poli department of sociology and social research 26 , verdi street 38100 trento - - italy tel . + + 39-461 - 881-403 fax : + + 39-461 - 881-348 e-mail : poli @ risc1 . gelso . unitn . it axiomathes : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / axiomathes / axiomathes . htm imc : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / imc / imc . htm
",0
2494,"Subject: wholes and their parts
 
 wholes and their parts castel maretsch , 17-19 june 1998 , bolzano ( italy ) june 17 9 registration 10 bill lawvere , categorical analyses of the whole / part relation 11 : 30 coffee break 12 john bell , whole and part in mathematics 13-15 lunch 15 steve vickers , w / p in semantics for programming languages 16 coffee break 16 : 30 colin mclarty , w / p in foundations of mathematics 17 : 30 carlo cellucci , w / p in logical analysis june 18 9 gonzalo reyes , a category-theoretic approach to aristotle 's term logic , with special reference to mass nouns 10 ettore casari , on husserl 's theory of wholes and parts 11 coffee break 11 : 30 john mayberry , the classical notion of number and the modern notion of set 12 : 30-15 lunch 15 niles eldredge , hierarchical biological systems 16 coffee break 16 : 30 alberto peruzzi , wholes and their parts in semantics and epistemology : local / global and internal / external 17 : 30 roberto poli , wholes and their parts : the ontological stance june 19 9 basil hiley , w / p in mechanics and cosmology 10 ron langacker , wholes and their parts in natural language 11 coffee break 11 : 30 alf zimmer , w / p in gestalt psychology 12 : 30-15 lunch 15 ellis d . cooper , wholes and parts in quale mechanics 15 : 20 , holger schmid - schnbein , in resonant physiological systems , the whole is less complicated than the sum of its parts 15 : 40 irina dobronravova , parts and elements of the wholes in synergetics 16 coffee break 16 : 30 nili mandelblit , the notion of dynamic unit : conceptual developments in cognitive science 16 : 50 anthony atkinson , wholes and their parts in cognitive psychology 17 : 10 lawrence d . roberts , sentential meaning and its parts 17 , 30 frederik stjernfeld , mereology and semiotics 17 , 50 ariel meirav , plato 's theaetetus and the notion of a gestalt further information and abstracts of ( some of ) the talks are available at the imc web site : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / imc / imc . htm * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * roberto poli department of sociology and social research 26 , verdi street 38100 trento - - italy tel . + + 39-461 - 881-403 fax : + + 39-461 - 881-348 e-mail : poli @ risc1 . gelso . unitn . it axiomathes : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / axiomathes / axiomathes . htm imc : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / imc / imc . htm
",0
2495,"Subject: amta ' 98
 
 * * deadline postponed * * deadline postponed * * deadline postponed * * - - - call for submissions - - - association for machine translation in the americas amta-98 conference , langhorne , pa , october 28-31 , 1998 machine translation and the information soup ( mt in a growing field of language technologies ) the association for machine translation in the americas is pleased to convene its third conference in the biennial series , to be held at the sheraton bucks county hotel in langhorne , pa , on 28-31 october , with tutorials and welcoming reception on wednesday , october 28 , and pre-conference workshops scheduled for tuesday october 27th . following on the success of last year 's mt summit , which commemorated the 50th anniversary of machine translation , amta invites all who are interested in any aspect of machine translation - - developers , researchers , users , and watchers - - to attend the conference in october . at amta-98 we will focus on the multilingual aspects of the diverse language technologies being used increasingly on the web : information retrieval , text summarization , speech recognition , and so on . as usual , the conference will feature invited speakers , panel discussions , papers by researchers and developers , workshops , tutorials , and more . participation by members of amta 's sister organizations , aamt in asia and eamt in europe , is strongly encouraged . and people working in related areas , such as information retrieval and summarization , are very welcome to attend . more information about the conference can be found at http : / / www . isi . edu / natural-language / amta98 . html registration form a copy of the amta-98 registration form will soon be posted on the web at : http : / / www . isi . edu / natural-language / amta98 . html alternatively , please contact debbie becker association for machine translation in the americas 1201 pennsylvania avenue , n . w . , suite 300 washington , dc 20004 usa tel / fax : + 1-703 - 716-0912 email : amta @ clark . net conference organizers general chair : eduard hovy , usc information sciences institute program chairs : david farwell , crl , new mexico state university laurie gerber , systran software , inc . ( san diego ) local arrangements chair : martha palmer , university of pennsylvania amta-98 : paper and system description / demonstration submissions . authors / system developers are invited to submit three kinds of presentations : 1 . theoretical papers : unpublished papers are requested about original work on all aspects of machine translation . however , given the theme of this year 's conference , special consideration will be given to papers which address advances in multilingual language and information technologies which have a potential impact on machine translation . papers should be in english , not longer than 10 pages , with minimum character font size of 11 pt . 2 . system descriptions with optional system demonstrations : approx . 25 minutes will be allocated per system description / demo . submissions should be in english , not longer than 4 pages . if a system demonstration is included , please provide the following information : - hardware platform , - operating system , - name and contact information of system operations specialist . 3 . studies of users experiences with implementing mt or testing its applicability to some task . users and marketing consultants are especially welcome to submit . studies should be in english , not longer than 8 pages , with minimum character font size of 11 pt . first page : all types of submission should include a separate title page with the following information : - paper title , - author ( s ) ' name ( s ) , address ( es ) , telephone and fax numbers , email address ( es ) , - one-paragraph abstract , - for theoretical papers : subject area keyword ( s ) for user studies : the words "" user study "" for system descriptions / demos : the words "" system description / demo "" . submissions are due at address below on june 15 , 1998 . * new deadline * authors will be notified of acceptance on july 15 , 1998 . final copies of papers are due on august 31 , 1998 . softcopy submissions ( papers that do not print will be returned to the author ) : email address : david @ crl . nmsu . edu subject line : amta-98 submission paper encoding : - ascii plain text - microsoft word ( rtf format ) - postscript hardcopy submissions ( please send four ( 4 ) copies ) : amta-98 : david farwell computing research laboratory box 30001 / 3crl new mexico state university las cruces , nm 88003 usa
",0
2496,"Subject: aaal - - colloquium on translation
 
 a colloquium on translation is being proposed to the american association for applied linguistics ( aaal ) . if approved , it will be presented at its annual conference held from march 6 to march 9 , 1999 in stamford , connecticut , u . s . a . the theme and content of the colloquium have not been pre-determined . contributors ' papers and ideas contained in them will set its topic and define its central thought . the aim is to put together a set of about five quality works which complement each other , forming a coherent whole . it is an open-minded approach with no preference for particular languages or sub-fields . the organizer intends to be the discussant . if you would like to participate , please provide the materials listed below . kindly note that only traditional paper copy is acceptable to aaal . hence do not submit anything via facsimile or e - mail . please be sure that the print is sharp and dark , since photocopying will be necessary . as aaal allows only one submission per person , if you choose to be considered for this colloquium you should not be submitting a separate paper to aaal , directly or indirectly . ( 1 ) an abstract which is titled , typed , and no more than 300 words in length . if references are necessary , incorporate them into the text of the abstract ; do not attach a separate list of works cited . in the top left-hand corner list the author 's name , address , telephone number , facsimile number ( if available ) , e-mail address ( if available ) , and institutional affiliation . fit everything on one single page ; leave the reverse side blank . the organizer will prepare the anonymous copy aaal requires . ( 2 ) a sheet on which appears the author 's name , title of paper , and specification of twenty , twenty-five , or thirty minutes as the delivery time desired . be prepared to stay within that stated time limit during the presentation . if a slide projector , tv monitor , vcr , audio player , or over-head projector is needed , please so state on this sheet as well . note , however , that there is an estimated charge of us $ 35 for the first item , and us $ 70 for the second and third items ; the last two items require no fee . individual presenters will be billed for the charges after the conference . ( 3 ) if no e-mail address is given , or if acknowledgement is not to be sent via e-mail , supply an addressed envelope or mailing label so that you could be informed of the receipt of your packet . the deadline for receipt of the above materials by the colloquium 's organizer is july 31 , 1998 . authors will be notified of selection results around august 20 . those abstracts selected will be submitted as a group proposal to aaal for blind evaluation . once their decision is received - - most likely in november - - it will be relayed to the authors . if aaal accepts the proposal , authors are required to submit drafts of their papers to the discussant by february 15 , 1999 . a fifty-word summary will also be necessary for inclusion in the conference programme . send listed items to : helen chau hu , department of english , california state university , long beach , california 90840-2403 , u . s . a . [ telephone : 562-985 - 4229 ; e-mail : hchauhu @ csulb . edu . ] presenters must register for the conference . the registration fee and membership dues will total about us $ 160 . to make enquiries regarding aaal , please contact them directly at : p . o . box 21686 , eagan , minnesota 55121-0686 , u . s . a . their web site is at : http : / / igor . lis . wisc . edu / aaal . helen chau hu assistant professor department of english california state university long beach , california 90840 voice mail : 562-985 - 4229
",0
2497,"Subject: adcs ' 98
 
 the following is a one day intensive symposium preceeding sigir ' 98 . it will have involvement from academic and commercial presenters and it offers an unusual range of different presentation styles . call for papers third australian document computing symposium ( adcs ' 98 ) august 21 1998 university of sydney , sydney , australia http : / / www . cmis . csiro . au / conferences-seminars / adcs98 / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - important dates scope - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - submission of papers : adcs ' 98 is an opportunity for june 19 , 1998 researchers and practitioners in document management and information retrieval to meet and present their submission of posters : work . the symposium aims to cover all june 26 , 1998 aspects of document computing - issues ranging from the fundamentals of document architectures and submission of standards for markup , through demonstrations : storage , management , retrieval , june 26 , 1998 authentication and workflow , to active and virtual documents . notification of acceptance : july 19 , 1998 allette systems , csiro mathematical and information sciences and the university of sydney are pleased to final versions due : host the third australian document july 31 , 1998 computing symposium , to be held at the department of computer science , the university of sydney , immediately symposium : preceding the 21st international acm august 21 , 1998 sigir conference on research and development in information retrieval ( sigir ' 98 ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - topics of interest - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - these include ( but are not restricted to ) : * resource discovery * document workflow * document databases * document management * document architectures * standards for markup * innovative applications of xml * multimedia * hypermedia * adaptive hypertext * virtual documents * digital libraries - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - submissions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - there are four categories of submissions : long papers : maximum length 3000 words . short papers : maximum length 1500 words . posters : maximum length 1000 words . demonstrations : abstract only required . submitted papers / posters must be in english , should be available as html documents . papers / posters must include the author 's name , affiliation and e-mail address , a 200 word abstract , and keywords preferably from the above list identifying the paper 's area . submissions and queries should be mailed to either program committee chair : judy kay maria milosavljevic basser dept of computer science csiro-mis , madsen f09 intelligent interactive technology university of sydney locked bag 17 , north - ryde nsw australia 2006 australia 2113 ph : + 61 - 2-9351 - 4502 ph : + 61 2 9325 3100 fax : + 61 - 2-9351 - 3838 fax : + 61 2 9325 3200 www . cs . usyd . edu . au / ~ judy www . cmis . csiro . au / maria . milosavljevic /
",0
2498,"Subject: 9th intl congress of linguists
 
 istituto di glottologia universit degli studi via festa del perdono 7 , 20122 milano ix international congress of linguists milan , 8-10 october 1998 milan , april 1998 s e c o n d c i r c u l a r dear colleague , on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of its foundation and of the centenary of vitt pisani 's birth , the "" sodalizio glottologico milanese "" , with the support of the "" istituto lombardo accademia di scienze e lettere "" , and of the catholic and the state universities of milan is organizing the 9th international congress of linguists which will take place on october 8th , 9th , 10th , 1998 . we remind you that the topic is : 50 years of linguistic researches : its problems , results , and prospects for the third millenium . there will be 5 official reports and some other shorter speeches . meetings will take place at the state university - via festa del perdono 7 , at the "" istituto lombardo "" - via borgonuovo 25 , and at the c atholic university - largo gemelli 1 , according to the following schedule : october 8th 1998 , 9 . 00 a . m . , state university - room 211 g . bolognesi , opening of activities , welcome message , and introductive speech . e . coseriu , la linguistica europea dopo saussure discussion communications room 211 and room 113 october 8th , 1998 , 15 p . m . , state university - room 211 r . arena , titolo da definire discussion communications room 211 and room 113 october 9th , 1998 , 9 . 00 a . m . , istituto lombardo r . gusmani , recenti progressi nel campo delle lingue anatoliche del i millennio a . c . discussion communications october 9th , 1998 , 15 p . m . , istituto lombardo c . hannick , systeme et fonction du slavon ecclesiastique comme langue crite supranationale au moyen age et dans les temps modernes . discussion communications october 10th , 1998 , 9 . 00 a . m . , catholic university , room pio xi p . ramat , nuovi approcci metodologici ? discussion communications room pio xi and room san paolo close of the congress the application fee of l . 100 . 000 , refundable as susbsistance money , can be paid either at the opening of the congress or into the postal account n . 11507209 invoiced to dr . roberto giacomelli . here enclosed you will find a list of hotels and hostels for your accomodation and some useful information . best regards . yours sincerely the president giancarlo bolognesi % ud
",0
2499,"Subject: call for papers - pragma99
 
 call for papers pragma99 international pragmatics conference on pragmatics and negotiation june 13-16 , 1999 tel aviv university and hebrew university of jerusalem tel aviv and jerusalem israel the main theme of this conference is the pragmatics of negotiation , interpreted in a very broad sense . interlocutors engage in negotiations about every aspect of their interaction - such as floor access and topic selection , contextual assumptions , conversational goals , and the ( mis ) interpretation and repair of their messages . topics such as cross-cultural and cross-gender ( mis ) communications , conversational procedures in disputes and collaborations , argumentation practices , and effects of assumptions and goals on the negotiating strategies of interlocutors are of special interest for this conference . the conference will be interdisciplinary , bringing together pragmaticists , linguists , philosophers , anthropologists , sociologists and political scientists . we are soliciting papers on all issues relevant to the theme of the conference , as well as papers in other areas of pragmatics and dialogue analysis . the conference will include plenary addresses , regular session lectures , and organized panels around any of the relevant topics . among the plenary speakers : elinor ochs ( ucla ) , itamar rabinovitch ( tel aviv university ) , emanual schegloff ( ucla ) , thomas schelling ( university of maryland ) , deborah schiffrin ( georgetown university ) , deborah tannen ( georgetown university ) , ruth wodak ( university of vienna ) . presentation of regular session lectures is 30 minutes long , with a subsequent discussion of 10 minutes . panels take the form of a series of closely related lectures on a specific topic , which may or may not be directly related to the special topic of the conference . they may consist of one , two or three units of 120 minutes . within each panel unit a maximum of four 20 - minute presentations are given consecutively , followed by a minimum of 30 minutes of discussion ( either devoted entirely to an open discussion , or taken up in part by comments by a discussant or discussants ) . panels are composed of contributions attracted by panel organizers , combined with individually submitted papers when judged appropriate by the program committee in consultation with the panel organizers . typically , written versions or extensive outlines of all panel contributions should be available before the conference to facilitate discussion . submissions abstracts for papers and panels should be submitted in the following format : 1 . for papers - five copies of an anonymous abstract ( up to 300 words ) . 2 . for panels - a preliminary proposal of one page , detailing title , area of interest , name of organizer ( s ) and invited participants to be sent by august 1 , 1998 . organizers of approved panels will then be invited to submit a full set of abstracts , including : a . a brief description of the topic area , b . a list of participants ( with full details , see below ) , c . abstracts by each of the participants by november 1 , 1998 . 3 . in all cases , a page stating : a . title , b . audiovisual / computer request , and c . for each author : i . full name and affiliation ; ii . current address ; iii . e - mail address ; iv . fax number . deadline for submission of abstracts : nov . 1 , 1998 . abstracts may be sent by hard copy , disk , or e-mail to pragma99 , faculty of humanities , tel aviv university , tel aviv 69978 , israel . e - mail : pragma99 @ post . tau . ac . il date of notification : march 1 , 1999 . program committee : mira ariel , hava bat - zeev shyldkrot , jonathan berg , anat biletzki , shoshana blum - kulka , marcelo dascal , nomi erteschik - shir , tamar katriel , ruth manor , george - elia sarfati , elda weizman , yael ziv . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = pragma99 registration form please send the following information , accompanied by cheque payable to tel - aviv university in the amount of us $ 75 if paid before november 1 , 1998 , otherwise us $ 100 , to pragma99 faculty of humanities tel aviv university tel aviv 69978 , israel dr . / mr . / mrs . / ms . / name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ university / organization : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( home ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( office ) telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( home ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( office ) signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ those wishing to pay by credit card should provide the following information : type of credit card : mastercard / visa / american express name as it appears on credit card : sum of paymnt : us $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card no . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * * * * * * those wishing to present a paper should follow the instructions above . hotel information will be provided after registration . the international association for dialogue analysis is co-sponsoring a part of our conference , which will be devoted to "" negotiation as a dialogic concept . "" for further information , contact edda weigand ( e-mail : weigand @ uni-muenster . de ) . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = [ forms can also be returned by fax to 972 - 3-6407839 , or by e-mail to pragma99 @ post . tau . ac . il . ]
",0
2500,"Subject: germanic and romance modals
 
 second call for papers international conference of the linguistic society of belgium modal verbs in germanic and romance languages 11 - 12 december 1998 university of antwerp - uia ( campus wilrijk ) organizers : patrick dendale ( universities of metz and antwerp ) and johan van der auwera ( university of antwerp ) send a one-page abstract to : patrick dendale university of antwerp ( uia ) romaanse universiteitsplein 1 b - 2610 wilrijk belgium deadline : august 15 , 1998 for further information contact patrick dendale johan van der auwera tel + 32 ( 0 ) 3 820 . 28 . 13 tel + 32 ( 0 ) 3 820 . 27 . 76 fax + 32 ( 0 ) 3 820 . 28 . 23 fax + 32 ( 0 ) 3 820 . 27 . 62 pdendale @ uia . ua . ac . be auwera @ uia . ua . ac . be or consult the conference 's homepage http : / / rom-www . uia . ac . be / u / pdendale / colleng . html
",0
2501,"Subject: our knowledge of human language : current perspectives
 
 nuestro conocimiento del lenguaje humano : perspectivas actuales our knowledge of human language : current perspectives chomsky , noam ( 1998 ) : nuestro conocimiento del lenguaje humano : perspectivas actuales . our knowledge of human language : current perspectives . a spanish / english bilingual edition by sally barros and emilio rivano . spanish translation and notes by german westphal . isbn 956-7003 - 46 - 7 ediciones universidad de concepcion & bravo y allende editores , santiago , chile , 1998 . the book is based on the lecture noam chomsky gave at the universidad de concepcion , chile , in november of 1996 , and it includes his remarks and comments during the follow-up discussion . for further information , contact : emilio rivano programa de doctorado en linguistica universidad de concepcion casilla 82 - c , correo 3 concepcion , chile fax : ( 56 ) 41 25 91 08 erivano @ udec . cl * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dr . german f . westphal * office : no summer office hours * * modern languages & linguistics * tel : 410-455 - 2109 * * 134 academic building iv , b wing * fax : 410-455 - 1025 * * university of maryland * pager : 410-389 - 6049 * * baltimore county , md 21250 , u . s . a . * e - mail : < westphal @ umbc . edu > * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * webpage w / scholarship , art work , short stories & poetry http : / / research . umbc . edu / ~ westphal
",0
2502,"Subject: a theory of predicates
 
 a theory of predicates ackerman , farrell ( university of california , san diego ) and webelhuth , gert ( university of north carolina , chapel hill ) ; a theory of predicates ; isbn : 1-57586 - 087 - 2 ( cloth ) , 1-57586 - 086 - 4 ( paper ) ; 402 pp . csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu in this work two linguists from different theoretical paradigms develop a new general theory of natural language predicates . this theory is capable of addressing a broad range of issues concerning ( complex ) predicates , many of which remain unresolved in previous theoretical proposals . grounded in empirical evidence from a wide variety of genetically and geographically unrelated languages ( german , hungarian , fox , nenets , tzotzil , malayalam , among others ) , this new theory synthesizes conceptual and representational assumptions from several different theoretical traditions . the authors focus on cross-linguistically recurring patterns of predicate formation where identical contentive notions ( i . e . , lexical semantic , grammatical function , and morphosyntactic information ) are expressed by predicates consisting of a single morphological word or by combinations of independent words that need not form a single syntactic unit . they provide a detailed implementation of their theory for german tense-aspect , passive , causative , and verb-particle predicates . in addition , the authors discuss extensions of these representative analyses to the same predicate constructions in other languages . beyond providing a formalism for the analysis of language-particular predicates , they demonstrate how the basic theoretical mechanisms they develop can be employed to explain universal tendencies of predicate formation . for this purpose , ackerman and webelhuth introduce the construct ` grammatical archetype ' into linguistic theory , relating universal patterns of predicate formation to language-particular patterns in a principled fashion . this book will be of interest to linguists and grammarians from any generative , cognitive / functional , or traditional perspective . in addition , it is accessible to interested philosophers , psycholinguists , cognitive scientists , computational linguists , anthropological linguists , and philologists . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications
",0
2503,"Subject: diachronica xv : 1
 
 the spring 1998 issue of diachronica , vol . 15 , no . 1 , has just been published . it contains : _ articles _ michel ferlus , les syste ` mes de tons dans les langues viet-muong martin haspelmath , the semantic development of old presents : new futures and subjunctives without grammaticalization tomas riad , the origin of scandinavian tone accents donald winford , on the origins of african american vernacular english : a creolist perspective , part ii : linguistic features _ reviews _ gary bevington , where do words comes from ? an introduction to etymology . rev . by rex wallace jose ' del valle , el trueque s / x en el espan ~ ol antiguo . rev . by dieter wanner gereon franken , systematische etymologie : untersuchung einer ' mischsprache ' am beispiel des shakespeare - wortschatzes . rev . by terence odlin andreas jucker , historical pragmatics . rev . by nick nicholas christian lehmann , thoughts on grammaticalization . rev . by bernard comrie . _ miscellenea _ j . c . smith , report on the 13th international conference on historical linguistics saul levin , reply to bomhard 's review of levin ( 1996 ) _ publications received _ for subscription information , contact john benjamins publishers at < customer . services @ benjamins . nl > ; for submission information , contact konrad koerner < koerner @ uottawa . ca > or brian joseph < bjoseph @ ling . ohio-state . edu >
",0
2504,"Subject: maryland working papers in linguistics
 
 the university of maryland linguistics department proudly presents : university of maryland working papers in linguistics volume 6 : papers in syntax , the syntax - semantics interface , language acquisition and psycholinguistcs . volume 7 : papers in phonology * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * volume 6 editors : elixabete murguia , acrisio pires , lucia quintana - sharon armon - lotem : what to do with have and be : auxiliary verbs in child second language acquisition . - larisa avram : remarks on the english modals . - juan carlos castillo : the syntax of container - content relations . - stephen crain and rosalind thornton : the truth value judgment task : fundamentals of design . - kleanthes grohmann : speculations on the syntax and semantics of german multiple interrogatives . - norbert hornstein : adjunct control and parasitic gaps . - mari broman olsen , amy weinberg , jeffrey p . lilly and john drury : acquiring grammatical aspect via lexical aspects : the continuity hypothesis . - lucia quintana : meaningful motivation behind the syntax of reciprocals . - yi - ching su : the representation of compounds and phrases in the mental lexicon : evidence from chinese . - maria emma ticio quesada : a minimalist analysis of intensive consecutives . - juan uriagereka : a note on rigidity . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * volume 7 editors : haruka fukazawa , frida morelli , caro struijke , yi - ching su - haruka fukazawa : new evidence for sympathy theory . - linda lombardi : constraints versus representations : some questions from laryngeal phonology . - linda lombardi : evidence for max feature constraints from japanese . - itziar san martin : an ot account of the formation of definite forms in the vizcayan basque dialect of markina . - viola miglio : epenthesis and deletion in mantuan . - frida morelli : onset obstruent clusters and syllabic obstruents in lushootseed - nisqually . - bruce moren : the puzzle of kashmiri stress . - caro struijke : reduplicant and output tetu in kwakwala : a new model of correspondence . for contents of previous volumes check our website at : http : / / www . inform . umd . edu / linguistics / dept / wp . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * umdwpl order form name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ volume number : _ _ number of copies : _ _ _ @ $ 15 . - per copy $ _ _ _ _ _ _ please add postage and handling : - each volume ( us , canada , mexico $ 3 . 00 ) ( all other countries $ 6 . 00 ) $ _ _ _ _ _ _ total : $ _ _ _ _ _ _ please make your check ( drawn on a us bank ) or money order payable to ' university of maryland working papers in linguistics ' and mail your order to : university of maryland working papers / orders department of linguistics 1401 marie mount hall university of maryland college park , md 20742-7515 usa
",0
2505,"Subject: chicago phonetics and phonology ( chiphon ) 98 call
 
 chiphon - - the phonetics and phonology group at the university of chicago - - provides a forum for discussing fundamental questions in spoken language research . last year , over 100 people joined us for a day-long panel on whether speech is special . this year , as part of the 34th annual meeting of the chicago linguistic society , we examine how language acquisition data should be incorporated into phonological and phonetic theory . chiphon ' 98 saturday , april 18 , chicago , illinois the acquisition of spoken language "" the ideal relationship between central and developmental portions of a field would be one in which the investigators in each . . . would construct model children who were capable of developing into adults and , conversely , model adults who could have developed from children "" ( menn , 1980 ) . * which provides a better measure of a speaker 's successful acquisition of speech - - perceiving contrasts or producing them ? how are perception & production related to linguistic competence ? * how should acquisition data be used when formulating and evaluating phononological theories of tone and stress ? what are the prosodic primitives , and are they innate or can they be bootstrapped from the signal ? * what speech processing mechanisms are responsible for second-language development ? are they the same as those for adults processing l1 or for infants acquiring it ? what does disordered phonology tell us about these mechanisms ? we invite abstracts that treat the acquisition of spoken language as integral to the development of linguistic theory . invited speakers : james flege ( university of alabama at birmingham ) peter jusczyk ( johns hopkins university ) robert port ( indiana university ) conference info like last year , this year 's symposium will provide ample opportunities for discussion with talks throughout the day , a box lunch , and an hour-long discussion at the end . other events that weekend include a panel on language acquisition and the lexicon on april 19 . * sophisticated connectionist models of language and acquisition provide an ideal framework for constructing linguistic theories that incorporate the complex interactions between sounds , symbols and meanings . * the ways in which we conceptualize the organization of morphology have different implications for first and for second language acquisition . * ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny and for mature organisms we look at lexical access convinced cognition then recapitulates ontogeny . invited speakers : joan bybee ( university of new mexico ) david pisoni ( indiana university ) terry regier ( university of chicago ) the cls conference will also host a panel on the status of constraints in linguistic theory on april 17 , with john mccarthy and jerrold sadock . papers on phonology , morphology , and syntax , among others , will be presented during the main sessions on april 17-19 , with diana archangeli and david dowty . send your 500-word abstract via email to rmhemphi @ midway . uchicago . edu by january 31 , 1998 . for further information , http : / / humanities . uchicago . edu / humanities / cls or http : / / gsbdrl . uchicago . edu / cls
",0
2506,"Subject: workshop announcement
 
 call for papers distributing and accessing linguistic resources workshop immediately before the first international conference on language resources and evaluation ( lrec ) , may 27 1998 granada , spain http : / / www . icp . grenet . fr / elra / conflre . html short description : this workshop will discuss ways to increase the efficacy of linguistic resource distribution and programmatic access , and work towards the definition of a new method for these tasks based on distributed processing and object-oriented modelling with deployment on the www . organizers : yorick wilks , hamish cunningham , wim peters , remi zajac workshop scope and aims - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - in general the reuse of of nlp data resources ( such as lexicons or corpora ) has exceeded that of algorithmic resources ( such as lemmatisers or parsers ) . however , there are still two barriers to data resource reuse : 1 ) each resource has its own representation syntax and corresponding programmatic access mode ( e . g . sql for celex , c or prolog for wordnet , sgml for the bnc ) ; 2 ) resources must generally be installed locally to be usable ( and of course precisely how this happens , what operating systems are supported etc . varies from case to case ) . the consequences of 1 ) are that although resources share some structure in common ( lexicons are organised around words , for example ) this commonality is wasted when it comes to using a new resource ( the developer has to learn everything afresh each time ) and that work which seeks to investigate or exploit commonalities between resources ( e . g . to link several lexicons to an ontology ) has to first build a layer of access routines on top of each resources . so , for example , if we wish to do task-based evaluation of lexicons by measuring the relative performance of an information extraction system with different instantiations of lexical resource , we might end up writing code to translate several different resources into sql or sgml . the consequence of 2 ) is that there is no way to "" try before you buy "" : no way to examine a data resource for its suitability for your needs before licencing it . correspondingly there is no way for a resource provider to expose limitted access to their products for advertising purposes , or gain revenue through piecemeal supply of sections of a resource . this workshop will discuss ways to overcome these barriers . the proposers will discuss a new method for distributing and accessing language resources involving the development of a common programmatic model of the various resources types , implemented in corba idl and / or java , along with a distributed server for non-local access . this model is being designed as part of the gate project ( general architecture for text engineering : http : / / www . dcs . shef . ac . uk / research / groups / nlp / gate / ) and goes under the provisional title of an active creole server . ( creole : collection of reusable objects for language engineering . currently creole supports only algortihmic objects , but will be extended to data objects . ) a common model of language data resources would be a set of inheritance hierarchies making up a forest or set of graphs . at the top of the hierarchies would be very general abstractions from resources ( e . g . lexicons are about words ) ; at the leaves would be data items that were specific to individual resources . programmatic access would be available at all levels , allowing the developer to select an appropriate level of commonality for each application . note that although an exciting element of the work could be to provide algorithms to dynamically merge common resources ( e . g . connect wordnet to celex ) , what we ' re suggesting initially is not to develop anything substantively new , but simply to improve access to existing resources . this is not a new standards initiative , but a way to build on previous initiatives . of course , the production of a common model that fully expressed all the subtleties of all resources would be a large undertaking , but we believe that it can be done incrementally , with useful results at each stage . early versions will stop decomposing the object structure of resources at a fairly high level , leaving the developer to handle the data structures native to the resources at the leaves of the forest . there should still be a substantial benefit in uniform access to higher level strucures . draft program committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - yorick wilks hamish cunningham wim peters remi zajac roberta catizone paola velardi maria teresa pazienza louise guthrie roberto basili bran boguraev sergei nirenburg james pustejowsky ralph grishman christiane fellbaum paper submission - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - formatting guidelines : papers should not exceed 4000 words or 10 pages . hard copies : three hard copies should be sent to : gill callaghan , fao yorick wilks dept . computer science university of sheffield regent court 211 portobello st . , sheffield s1 4dp uk electronic submission : electronic submission will be allowed in poscript or html . an ftp site will be available on demand . authors should send an info email to ( yorick wilks ) even if they submit in paper form . an electronic submission should be accompanied by a plain ascii text . # name : name of first author # title : title of the paper # pages : number of pages # files : name of file ( if also submitted electronically ) # note : anything you 'd like to add # keys : keywords # email : email of the first author # abstr : abstract of the paper # . . . . . . important dates paper submission deadline ( hard copy / electronic ) february 15th 1998 paper notification april 1st camera - ready papers due may 1st dalr workshop may 27st
",0
2507,"Subject: understanding phonology ( update )
 
 understanding phonology gussenhoven , carlos ( university of nijmegen , the netherlands ) and jacobs , haike ( university of nijmegen and the free university of amsterdam , the netherlands ) ; understanding phonology ; publication march 1998 304pp pb 0 340 69218 9 14 . 99 / us $ 19 . 95 hb 0 340 69217 0 40 . 00 / us $ 70 . 00 arnold publishing ( american edition is co-published with oup ) this book gives a clear and accurate picture of current phonological theory in a small number of pages . john goldsmith , university of chicago this skilfully written new text provides a broad , yet up-to - date , introduction to phonology . assuming no previous knowledge of phonology or linguistic theory , the authors introduce the basic concepts and build on these progressively , discussing the main theories and illustrating key points with carefully chosen examples . a wide range of phenomena are covered : speech production , segmental contrasts , tone , quality , prosodic structure , metrical relations and intonation . the main theories are introduced and their contributions to our understanding of phonology , as well as their shortcomings , are discussed objectively . contents : the production of speech / some typology : sameness and difference / making the form fit / two levels of representation / distinctive features / ordered rules / the diminutive suffix in dutch / levels of representation / representing tone / skeletal slots and moras / feature geometry / complex segments / stress / iambic and trochambic rhythm in optimality theory . readership : students of linguistics . available on inspection for lecturers ( quote linglist598 ) tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6355 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6325 e - mail : milly . neate @ hodder . co . uk
",0
2508,"Subject: understanding pragmatics ( update )
 
 understanding pragmatics verschueren , jef ( belgian national science foundation , belgium ) ; understanding pragmatics ; publication september 1998 c . 288pp pb 0 340 64623 3 c . 13 . 99 / us $ 19 . 95 hb 0 340 64624 1 c . 40 . 00 / us $ 70 . 00 arnold publishing ( american edition is co-published with oup ) this is the most comprehensive and current introduction to pragmatics . presupposing no background in pragmatics , the author sketches out the theoretical basis of the subject and systematically develops the major theoretical perspectives , to provide a full description of pragmatics as a coherent field of inquiry . the text explores methodological issues , guiding the reader into the existing spectrum of pragmatics-related work . focusing on pragmatics in its broadest sense , the book covers the whole range of social , cultural and cognitive aspects of pragmatics . contents : introduction / overview / the pragmatic perspective / aspects of the meaningful functioning of language / topics and trends . readership : students of linguistics / english language . available on inspection for lecturers ( quote linglist598 ) tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6355 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6325 e - mail : milly . neate @ hodder . co . uk
",0
2509,"Subject: understanding syntax ( update )
 
 understanding syntax tallerman , maggie ( university of durham , uk ) ; understanding syntax ; published september 1998 c . 192pp pb 0 340 60377 1 c . 12 . 99 / us $ 19 . 95 hb 0 340 70000 9 c . 35 . 00 / us $ 60 . 00 arnold publishing ( american edition is co-published with oup ) provides a complete introduction to the main categories and constructions associated with sentence structure - the syntactic component of the grammar of human language . assuming no prior knowledge of linguistics , the book discusses and illustrates all the major terms and concepts . contents : what is syntax ? / words belong to different classes / looking inside sentences / head words and phrases / how do we identify constituents ? / relationship within the clause / syntactic processes . readership : undergraduates in linguistics tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6355 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6325 e - mail : milly . neate @ hodder . co . uk
",0
2510,"Subject: workshop on morphological case
 
 workshop announcement dear colleagues , we are happy to announce the programme of the workshop "" effects of morphological case , to be held at the utrecht institute of linguistics ots , utrecht university , 28-29 august 1998 . organizers : helen de hoop , olaf koeneman , iris mulders , and fred weerman invited speakers : paul kiparsky , joan maling , alec marantz the aim of this workshop is to bring together theoretical and empirical considerations on the effects of morphological case beyond its mere phonological characteristics . issues for discussion involve the implications of morphological case for abstract case theory , the difference between structural and inherent case , agreement , word order phenomena , grammaticalization processes , discourse theory , and semantics . 1 . programme friday , august 28th : 9 . 00 opening remarks 9 . 30 invited speaker : paul kiparsky ( stanford university ) ` cases as complementizers ' 10 . 30 denis bouchard ( university of montreal ) ` fixed positions , functional markers and the concept of "" universal "" ' 11 . 15 break 11 . 30 inghild flaate & kristin m . eide ( norwegian university of science and technology ) ` interpretive effects of morphological case : norwegian and german predicatives ' 12 . 15 marjon helmantel ( leiden university ) ` on the relation between structural position and morphological case : adpositions in german ' 13 . 00 lunch break 14 . 15 stephen wechsler & larisa zlatic ( university of texas ) ` case realization in serbo - croatian ' 15 . 00 lynn nichols ( harvard university ) ` non - uniform effects of morphological case ' 15 . 45 break 16 . 00 carson t . schutze ( ucla ) ` on the nature of default case ' 16 . 45 josef bayer , markus bader & michael meng ( friedrich - schiller university jena ) ` morphological underspecification meets oblique case : syntactic and processing effects in german ' saturday , august 29th 9 . 15 invited speaker : alec marantz ( mit ) ` in defense of "" spell-out "" : why morphological case should indeed only have an indirect , reflective relation to the syntax ' 10 . 15 amanda seidl ( university of pennsylvania ) ` non - segmental morphological case : the case of consonant mutation in kpa mende ' 11 . 00 break 11 . 15 miriam butt ( university of konstanz ) & tracy holloway king ( ( nltt / istl ) ` licensing semantic case ' 12 . 00 dieter wunderlich ( heinrich heine university , duesseldorf ) ` on the interaction of structural and semantic case ' 12 . 45 lunch break 14 . 00 angela ralli ( university of patras ) & manuel espanol - echevarria ( ucla ) ` feature mismatch in dislocated constituents ' 14 . 45 eric haeberli ( university of geneva ) ` deriving effects of morphological case by eliminating abstract case ' 15 . 30 break 15 . 45 david lightfoot ( university of maryland ) ` middle english split genitives and the loss of case ' 16 . 30 invited speaker : joan maling ( brandeis university ) ` morphological case is not ( always ) to blame ' alternate : sandra joppen ( heinrich heine university , duesseldorf ) ` structural arguments with semantic case : the case of causees and recipients in 4 - place verbs ' 2 . registration registration at the site will cost 60 dutch guilders . if you preregister , you only pay 50 guilders and you will receive the workshop booklet in advance . please use the following form for preregistration : name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city and zipcode : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( state : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ) country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i wish to pay by : 0 eurocheck 0 eurocard 0 mastercard 0 visa credit card details : cardnumber : expiry date : transaction date : name and address as registered by credit card company ( if different from above ) : please send by email-reply or by regular mail to : utrecht university utrecht institute of linguistics trans 10 3512 jk utrecht the netherlands 3 . hotel information some of the speakers will stay at hotel de biltsche hoek in de bilt , which is approx . 15 minutes from the city centre by bus . tel # 31302205811 , fax # 31302202812 . single : f 112 , 50 , double f 135 , - ( breakfast included ) . here is the list of accommodation information in utrecht . please note that actual bookings are the participant 's own responsibility . hotel smits * * * * , vredenburg 14 , tel # 31302331232 , fax # 31302328451 single : 180 . - , double for single : 195 . - , double 247 . - ( breakfast included ) . city centre , app . 5 minutes walk to congress site . maliehotel * * * * , maliestraat 2 , tel # 31302316424 , fax # 31302340661 single with shower / bath 150 . - / 160 . - ; double shower / bath 185 . - / 195 . - ( breakfast included ) . eastern part of town , nice quiet residental area , app . 20 minutes walk to congress site . hotel mitland * * * * , ari ? nslaan 1 , tel # 31302715824 , fax # 31302719003 single 140 . - , double 180 . - on the north-eastern outskirts of town , quiet environment , bus stop close by . tulip inn utrecht centre * * * , janskerkhof 10 , tel # 31302313169 , fax # 31302310148 single ( shower or bath ) 195 . - , double ( shower or bath ) 250 . - ( buffet breakfast included ) . city center , app . 5 minutes walk to congress site . early reservations reccommended ! hotel ibis * * * , bizetlaan 1 , tel # 31302910366 , fax # 31302942066 single / double 140 . - , breakfast 18 . - per person . west of city centre , regular buses or tram to centre city , app . 15 minutes walk to congress site . hotel de admiraal * * , admiraal van gentstraat 11 , tel # 31302758500 , fax # 31302758501 single : 135 . - , double 155 . - ( breakfast included ) . north - east of city centre , quiet residential area , app . 25 minutes walk tocongress site . hotel bunschoten * * , balijelaan 1 , tel # 31302941420 , fax # 31302961934 single : 125 . - , double 145 . - ( breakfast included ) . south - west of city centre , app . 25 minutes walk to congress site . ouwi hotel * * , fc donderstraat 12 , tel # 31302716303 , fax # 31302714619 single ( shower ) 102 . - , double ( shower ) 122 . - ( breakfast included ) . north - east of city centre , quiet residential area , app . 20 minutes walk to congress site . parkhotel eijtinger * , tolsteegsingel 34 , tel # 31302516712 , fax # 31302516712 single / double 95 . - southern edge of city centre , on canal , app . 15 minutes walk to congress site . if you need more information , do not hesitate to contact olaf koeneman ( koeneman @ let . ruu . nl ) . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * olaf koeneman * * utrecht institute of linguistics ots * * trans 10 ( room 2 . 20 ) , 3512 jk utrecht * * tel . + 31 30 253 8304 * * email : koeneman @ let . ruu . nl * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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2511,"Subject: review : watt , phonology of intonation .
 
 watt , david l . e . 1994 . _ the phonology and semology of intonation in english : an instrumental and systemic perspective . _ bloomington : indiana university linguistics club publications . 192pp . paper . reviewed by karen steffen chung < karchung @ ccms . ntu . edu . tw > good books on intonation are not that easy to come by , in this reviewer 's opinion , but this should be considered one of them . it is not an introductory text that will take you through english intonation in a systematic way . and the book 's ostensible main thesis , which concerns the semantic interpretation of various intonation ' melodies ' , is not its primary attraction , either . what it offers is a solid collection of valuable observations , in bits and pieces , on english intonation . so i think that the best way to do justice to a book like this in a review is to simply pick out what i found to be some of the more interesting points and condense them here , without too much additional commentary . * * * * * * * * intonation as a subfield of linguistics is still wide open to pioneering work . the author describes intonation as one of the ' most puzzling and idiosyncratic ' aspects of human speech within the sphere of language as behavior , and he points out the role of intonation in the 'd ynamism of discourse ' ( from the preface ) . unlike another work in this series recently reviewed for linguist , taylor 's _ a phonetic model of intonation in english _ , this book focuses mainly on * language * as we speak and hear it , rather than on mechanical - and often difficult-to - interpret - computer models , though computer recorded and analyzed data is also used to help analyze stretches of speech in this study . watt concludes that since instrumentation is far from infallible , and the human ear can also be quite subjective in what it hears , the most reliable method is to use auditory impressions for the initial recording of data , and instrumentally collected data as a supplement . the book starts out with a useful introduction , in which terms are defined and goals set . the two sections of the main body stress the development of a phonological and semantic model of intonation , respectively . these are divided into two chapters each , entitled ( part i ) : "" the phonology of intonation "" , and "" tones in sequences "" ; and ( part ii ) : "" intonation and meaning "" , and "" the semantics of phonological gradience "" . two appendices of instrumental data from recorded speech consist of selected examples taken from halliday 's _ course in spoken english : intonation _ ( 1970 ) , and from a corpus compiled by the author . the book concludes with 14 pages of references . the data come from ' non-surreptitious ' but unmonitored , casual 'd iadic conversations ' between native speakers of ' educated standard toronto english ' - rather rare in a field where most of the works are based on british rp or standard us english . the author points out that the data are not intended to contrast with those taken from other varieties of english ; his main goal was to achieve consistency in the speech form used . among the power and distance parameters of social and personal relations , the author chooses for his data collection ' equal ' , over 's uperordinate ' and 's ubordinate ' ; ' acquainted ' , as opposed to ' intimate ' or ' foreign ' ; and ' face-to - face ' rather than 'd istance ' ( i . e . phone conversations , subject to various kinds of distortion , were excluded ) . intonation is a suprasegmental ( i . e . ' a feature whose domain extends over more than one segment ' ) feature of language , and the author adopts a _ prosodic _ ( ' the use of pitch contours to realize linguistic meaning ' ) approach in analyzing it . below follow some a few other terms as watt uses them in his study . _ tonality _ refers to the division of the message into phonological tone groups or ' information units ' ( iu ) . _ tonicity _ involves a process of locating the salient syllable in a tone group , the ' focal point of ideational meaning in the information unit ; each group must contain at least one tonic syllable , which is located at the onset of pitch movement associated with nuclear tone contour ' . _ tone _ refers to the selection of one of five simple or two compound tone contours that phonologically realize interpersonal meanings in the iu . particular tone choice can mediate speaker / hearer relations ( e . g . indicate the need for a response , change of turn , or continuation ) or mediate speaker-message relations : i . e . attitudes toward a message , such as reservation , certainty or assertion ( pp . 18-20 ) . also defined is _ paratone _ , a larger intonational unit , which cannot extend beyond a breath group ; and no larger intonational unit was found in this study . section one begins by proposing that a theory of intonation must strive to make two different kinds of descriptions , namely , ( 1 ) a phonological one , which emphasizes identification of nuclear tones and other refinements derived from instrumental analysis , and ( 2 ) a semantic description of the functional impetus responsible for motivating language behavior , which includes tone sequences , intertonal relations , paratones , and connected speech . section one concentrates on ( 1 ) . watt describes _ simple tones _ - namely ( 1 ) simple falling , ( 2 ) simple high rise ( with fall-rise option ) , and ( 3 ) low rise - and _ complex tones _ , which consist of more than one pitch movement and are naturally more complicated . these are : ( 4 ) , which occurs on the last two syllables of the final word of an utterance and reaches the top level of pitch , then falls sharply , and ( 5 ) , which consists of a rise-fall movement , with the intensity on the rise . there are also _ compound tones _ , i . e . combinations of simple tones fused into a single tone group . there are two compound tones , 1 + 3 , and 5 + 3 . watt notes that some researchers have proposed a model of intonational meaning similar to that of grammar , in which one compound tone is linked with one particular meaning or function . but intonation in fact does * not * function like this - intonation is a realization of * semantics * rather than syntax . the interpretation of intonation must be made within the context of grammar , but it is not linked element by element to the syntax . as g . brown ( only first initials are given in the references ) puts it : ' the phonological resources for signaling meaning are far fewer than the semantic functions which "" exploit "" them ' ( p . 73 ) . a notable pattern revealed by instrumental analysis of spoken data is _ downdrift _ , a declining of the fundamental frequency ( f0 ) over the span of short utterances for a wide range of languages . it oscillates between the two extremes of an equally descending and slightly narrowing bandwidth with sentence final fall and slight prolongation at the breath group boundary . the declination slope is not always constant , but it can be a series of descending plateaux , or sets of declination lines . this model is not as 's usceptible ' to errors of data interpretation as following individual nuclear tones can be ( pp . 66-71 ) . section two concentrates on developing a semantic model of intonation , i . e . providing an initial account of meaning often attributed to intonation . watt here advances his view that intonational meaning can be derived both from phonological contrasts of tone and tonicity and from the phonetic gradience characteristic of these contrasts . there is less consistency in generalizing the meaning of intonation than with a phonological description of sound substance due to ( 1 ) the nature of intonation and ( 2 ) the variety of inferences people draw from voice-related cues . as members of a speech community , we make inferences about what is meant both by what is said and how it is said . we must draw conclusions on discrete meanings from only * part * of the speech continuum ( and not include e . g . physical appearance of the speaker in our analysis ) . to deal with the semantics of intonation , you can take either a linguistic approach , in which you look at meaning * contrasts * and form-to - function correspondences , or you can take a psychological approach , in which ' polar clines ' are posited , e . g . bored vs . interested , or timid vs . confident ; watt addresses only the * linguistic * contribution of ' tonicity ' and ' tone ' ( p . 76 ff . ) . watt refers to halliday , who stresses the ideation function of intonation , how it highlights information for specific attention , i . e . given vs . new , also fresh vs . contrasted . the stressing of new information is an outcome of 's peaker assessed importance ' . the tonic of unmarked utterances will tend to fall on the last lexical item of the tone group ; this results in a broad , ' unspecified ' focus ; this focus is narrowed in a ' contrastive ' utterance ( p . 79 ) . intonation has an ' interpersonal metafunction ' by serving as a channel for linguistic expression of * attitude * , though it is not the only such channel . other channels include register and lexicon ; and sometimes certain stylistic effects can be achieved by combining incongruous linguistic content and intonations , e . g . imagine ' put that goddam pipe away ! ' uttered in a smiling , gentle tone of voice . so the listener 's perception of the speaker 's attitude may be based on two or more signals combined ( p . 87 ) . intonation adds information to disambiguate speech function . speech function is identified and interpreted through the cumulative effect of contextual , morpho-syntactic and phonological cues ( p . 91 ) . it can include competition for turns ( an initiating peak can be used for this ) , initiating a topic ( marked by an initial peak of intensity and high pitch ) , continuing ( upward drift ) , responding ( the second speaker approximates the relative pitch height of the baseline of the last utterance produced by the previous speaker , i . e . an accommodation of one speaker 's melodic pattern to that of another ) , terminating ( fall to the lowest level of the speaker 's voice range ; a termination often falls well above the baseline before its final fall ) , checking function ( conversation monitoring with sporadic checks on the status of the conversation , i . e . checking that the hearer understands , agrees on the appropriateness of what is being expressed , and is still engaged ; this is intended to elicit a response from the hearer , but usually involves no change of turn , e . g . ' is n't it ? ' , ' right ? ' , ' you know ' , ' eh ' ) , certainty ( speakers can indicate ' certainty known / absolute ' , ' certainty irrelevant / conditional ' , or ' certainty unknown / assumed ' ) . watt points out that a major difficulty of doing description of intonation is the inherently gradient characteristic of the spoken medium . there is a gradient between the linguistic and the paralinguistic , as well as a division between what constitutes a linguistic contrast and what signals a modification of the phonological cline within that contrast . watt offers a revealing quote from bolinger : ' the higher the rise , the greater the exasperation if it is a statement , the greater the surprise of curiosity if it is a question . the lower the fall the greater the certainty or finality if the utterance is a statement , and the greater the confidence if it is a question ' [ 1986 : 240 ] . that is , in watt 's own words : ' . . . the greater the degree of the rise , or the height of a given contour , the greater the strength of the contextual meaning assumed for that contour ' ( p . 109 ) . watt sums his work up nicely - and what he says could easily be applied to just about any worthy field of inquiry - in the final chapter thus : ' there is a certain fractal logic that seems to pervade the investigation of intonation . the more we magnify the field under scrutiny , in the hopes of reaching an explanation of its details , the more we find new and unexpected details in need of explanation . the deeper we probe into the next level of detail , the more difficult it becomes to extricate ourselves from its detail with a parsimonious description of the new possibilities ' ( p . 121 ) . in addition to recapping the highlights of his book in the conclusion , watt offers his vision for what his work has to contribute to the field in general , namely , a ' compatible point of departure from which to further the description of discourse ' ( p . 122 ) . he believes that accurate synthesizing of intonations may possibly add to our knowledge about our auditory perceptions , and that can also help further develop our models of synthesized speech . * * * * * * * * although the book 's basic structure is clearly set out in the section and chapter titles , the contents of each subdivision are diverse and often hard to incorporate into a coherent , linear narrative on intonation ; one must content oneself with the fragments one is able to latch onto . yet one has the feeling that much is being said in this motley collection of ideas , observations , and analyses , much more than in many other of the works on intonation available . and for this reason , the interested reader is advised to bear with the author , take notes , and enjoy the ride . this book has a rather amateurish , low-budget look , perhaps to be expected from university publications of this kind . the instrumental graphs bordered by thick black outlines and incorporated into the chapters in many places seem stuffed in a little too close to the written text , though there is no problem of clarity . the text itself is set in a relatively large serif typeface , which makes for comfortable reading , though occasionally some startlingly inconsistent type sizes turn up . new concepts ( e . g . _ paratone _ , _ concord _ ) appear in bold and are easily spotted . minor typos appear here and there . the diy look of the design is not a serious flaw , though , for anyone after unalloyed content , of which you get plenty in this book . overall , this is a worthwhile and rather refreshing book for someone seriously interested in intonation . the reader had better be ready , however , to invest a bit of work to mine it of its wealth . reviewed by karen steffen chung , department of foreign languages and literatures , national taiwan university , taipei .
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2512,"Subject: euralex ' 98 - keynote lectures , tutorials
 
 euralex ' 98 - european association for lexicography - 8th international congress university of liege ( belgium ) , 4 - 8 august 1998 . web site : http : / / engdep1 . philo . ulg . ac . be / euralex . htm information : amichiels @ ulg . ac . be book exhibition : please contact v . doppagne @ ulg . ac . be * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the euralex ' 98 programme committee is pleased to announce the titles of the three plenary lectures which will be read in addition to the standard parallel session papers , the workshop on dictionary use , the book exhibition and the computer demonstrations : keynote lectures : ( a ) marie - hlne corrard ( xerox research centre europe , grenoble , formerly oxford university press ) : "" traduire avec un dictionnaire , traduire pour un dictionnaire "" ( b ) anthony p . cowie ( university of leeds ) : "" a . s . hornby : a centenary tribute "" ( c ) gregory grefenstette ( xerox research centre europe , grenoble ) : "" the future of linguistics and lexicographers : will there be lexicographers in the year 3000 ? "" it is still possible to register for either of the two pre - euralex tutorials which will be organised on 4 august 1998 ( see second circular for details and fees ) : ( 1 ) creating a bilingual dictionary tutors : michela clari & jeremy butterfield ( harpercollins publishers ) ( 2 ) preparing a terminological data base tutor : alain reichling ( european commission translation service ) all relevant information ( list of parallel session papers , 1st and 2nd circulars , registration forms and fees , phone , fax and email addresses . . . ) can be found on the euralex ' 98 congress web site : http : / / engdep1 . philo . ulg . ac . be / euralex . htm for practical reasons , the local organizers ask people who intend to attend the congress to register as soon as possible if they have not yet done so . on behalf of the programme committee , thierry fontenelle
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2513,"Subject: computerm ' 98 workshop
 
 computerm ' 98 workshop announcement first workshop on computational terminology when : august 15 , 1998 ( just after coling-acl98 ) where : university of montreal , montreal ( quebec , canada ) http : / / tornade . ere . umontreal . ca / ~ lhommem / coling / computerm . html context the workshop provides a forum to bring together researchers from the fields of computational linguistics , terminology , automated translation , information retrieval and lexicography who share an interest in computational aspects of terminology processing : acquisition , extraction , indexing , machine-aided thesaurus building , dictionary construction , etc . registration the number of participants to the workshop is limited . it is advisable to pre-register as soon as possible : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / fees . html additional information ( travel , accomodation , tourism . . . ) see the coling-acl98 conference main page at : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / mainpage . html paper presentation schedule : ( preliminary ) august 15 , 1998 saturday - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 : 45 - - 9 : 00 opening address 9 : 00 - - 9 : 30 david hull : "" a practical approach to terminology alignment "" 9 : 30 - - 10 : 00 akiko n . aizawa , kyo kageura : "" an approach to the automatic generation of multilingual keywords clusters "" 10 : 00 - - 10 : 30 ralf brown : "" automatically - extracted thesauri for cross-language ir : when better is worse "" 10 : 30 - - 10 : 45 coffee break 10 : 45 - - 11 : 45 first poster session 11 : 45 - - 12 : 15 fidelia ibekwe - sanjuan : "" building a prototype system for trends survey in a knowledge extraction program "" 12 : 15 - - 12 : 45 anne condamines , josette reyberolle "" ctkb : a corpus-based approach to a terminological knowledge base "" 12 : 45 - - 14 : 15 lunch 14 : 15 - - 14 : 45 toru hisamitsu ; yoshiki niwa : "" extraction of useful terms from parenthetical expressions by using simple rules and statistical measures - - a comparative evaluation of bigram statistics "" 14 : 45 - - 15 : 15 paul bowden , lindsay evett , peter halstead "" automatic acronym acquisition in a knowledge extraction program "" 15 : 15 - - 15 : 45 laura davidson , judy kavanagh , kristen mackintosh , ingrid meyer , douglas skuce : "" semi - automatic extraction of knowledge-rich contexts from corpora : examples and issues "" 15 : 45 - - 16 : 00 coffee break 16 : 00 - - 17 : 00 second poster session 17 : 00 - - 17 : 30 dekang lin : "" extracting collocations from text corpora "" 17 : 30 - - 18 : 00 hiroshi nakagawa , tatsunori mori : "" nested collocation and compound noun for term extraction "" posters : ( preliminary ) lee - feng chen , min - chan chen , chun - liang chen , bo - ren bai : "" internet - based chinese text corpus classification and domain-specific keyterm extraction "" hongyan jing , evelyne tzoukerman : "" improving retrieval with semantics and morphology "" kyo kageura , masaharu yoshioka , teruo koyama , toshihiko nozue : "" towards a common testbed for corpus-based computational terminology "" diana maynard , sofia ananiadou : "" acquiring contextual information for term disambiguation "" michael p . oakes , chris d . paice : "" term extraction for automatic abstracting "" antje schmidt - wigger : "" building consistent terminologies "" hinrich schuetze : "" hypercondex - - a hypertext concordance as a back-of - the-rule index "" scientific committee khurshid ahmad ( university of surrey , uk ) sophia ananiadou ( manchester metropolitan university , manchester , uk ) peter anick ( digital equipment corporation , usa ) teresa cabre ( university pompeu fabra , barcelone , spain ) ken church ( at&t labs research , usa ) anne condamines ( cnrs , toulouse , france ) bruce croft ( university of massachusetts , usa ) ido dagan ( bar ilan university , israel ) beatrice daille ( irin nantes , france ) pascale fung ( hong kong university of science and technology , hong kong ) eric gaussier ( xerox research centre europe , france ) gregory grefenstette ( xerox research centre europe , france ) stephanie haas ( university of north carolina , usa ) benoit habert ( limsi & ens fontenay - st cloud , france ) ulrich heid ( universitaet stuttgart , stuttgart , germany ) kyo kageura ( nacsis , tokyo , japan ) judith klavans ( columbia univesity , usa ) robert krovetz ( nec research institute , usa ) robert losee ( university of north carolina , usa ) ingrid meyer ( university of ottawa , ottawa , canada ) jian - yun nie ( university of montreal , montreal , canada ) padmini srinivasan ( the university of iowa , usa ) tomek strzalkowski ( general electric company , usa ) evelyne tzoukermann , ( bell labs innovations , lucent technologies , usa ) richard wojcik ( boeing company , usa ) pierre zweigenbaum ( ap-hp & universite paris 6 , france ) workshop organizers didier bourigault ( cnrs and universite paris xiii , paris , france ) christian jacquemin ( limsi , france ) marie - claude l ' homme ( universite de montreal , montreal , canada ) mailto : db @ lli . univ-paris 13 . fr , jacquemin @ limsi . fr , lhommem @ ere . umontreal . ca
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2514,"Subject: 2nd ws on interlinguas
 
 second workshop on interlinguas : call for papers from text to representation : second workshop on interlinguas tuesday , october 27 , 1998 ( preceding the amta 98 conference ) sheraton bucks county hotel , langhorne , pennsylvania [ http : / / crl . nmsu . edu / events / fwoi / secondworkshop / index . html ] the focus of this workshop will be a multi-lingual text and the task of representing aspects of that text using an interlingual representation ( il ) . the format is meant to encourage concrete discussion on how ils handle particular challenges , including , but not limited to , representation of : basic predicate / argument structure noun phrases / referents proper nouns prepositional meaning non-literal language temporal relations textual organization lexical divergences syntactic divergences submitters are invited to select some aspect or section of the text , in a single language , or a language pair / set , and submit a short position paper , describing the il representation for that aspect . in addition to providing concrete il representations and terms ( ontological entities / atoms ) , submitters are encouraged to focus also on the reasons why one would choose to define these particular terms , and the justification for defining in a particular way the relations , slots , and fillers of the term . papers should define the aspect to be discussed , identify instances in the text , provide a representation for these instances , and categorize the instances according to the treatment proposed . the papers will be collected and published as the proceedings of the workshop . submission of end-to - end output of an il system ( including and identifying relevant hand-crafted elements ) is especially encouraged . submissions could also propose theoretical justification for a particular framework , in particular how the building blocks of the system work in handling an aspect of the text . the workshop itself will consist of panels organized around the representational aspects selected by the participants . the panel presentations will be supplemented by periods for general discussion and other activities . ideally , the result of the workshop will be - in some cases , a consistent set of il expressions for the various problematic issues raised by the text and - in other cases , a clearer delineation of ( 1 ) how the various problematic issues in the text are treated in different ils and ( 2 ) the fundamental differences in approach that motivate these different il treatments . a final product of the workshop will be an outline of the issues discussed in determining whether combined il approaches are possible and / or desirable . these results will provide a basis for further workshops . the multi-lingual text will be available at http : / / crl . nmsu . edu / events / fwoi / secondworkshop / text . html in glossed english , french , spanish , chinese , arabic , german , russian , persian , italian , catalan , vietnamese , malay , greek , bulgarian , tamil , and portuguese versions , as they become available . notice of interest in participation : july 10 , 1998 ( to shelmrei @ crl . nmsu . edu ) ( please identify specifically what aspect of il representation you intend to address ) position paper submission : august 10 , 1998 notifications : september 10 , 1998 final copies of papers : october 10 , 1998 workshop : october 27 , 1998 submission may be in printed or electronic form ( latex , framemaker ) , but should follow acl style sheet ( available at http : / / www . cs . columbia . edu / ~ acl / home . html ) . submissions should be sent to : stephen helmreich computing research laboratory new mexico state university po box 30001 / 3crl las cruces , nm 88003 ( usa ) phone : ( 505 ) 646-2141 fax : ( 505 ) 646-6218 e-mail : shelmrei @ crl . nmsu . edu the registration fee for the conference is $ 50 . non - presenters will be accepted on a first-come , first served basis . a copy of the registration form is available at : http : / / crl . nmsu . edu / events / fwoi / secondworkshop / registration . html
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2515,"Subject: esslli-99 , final call for proposals
 
 [ an html version of the call for proposals will be made available via the folli web page at http : / / www . wins . uva . nl / research / folli / . the usual apologies apply if you receive multiple copies of this message . ] eleventh european summer school in logic , language and information esslli-99 august 9-20 , 1999 , utrecht , the netherlands final call for proposals the main focus of the european summer schools in logic , language and information is the interface between linguistics , logic and computation . foundational , introductory and advanced courses together with workshops cover a wide variety of topics within six areas of interest : logic , computation , language , logic and computation , computation and language , language and logic . previous summer schools have been highly successful , attracting around 500 students from europe and elsewhere . the school has developed into an important meeting place and forum for discussion for students and researchers interested in the interdisciplinary study of logic , language and information . esslli-99 is organized under the auspices of the european association for logic , language and information ( folli ) . the esslli-99 programme committee invites proposals for foundational , introductory , and advanced courses , and for workshops for the 11th annual summer school on a wide range of topics in the following fields : logic language computation language and logic logic and computation language and computation in addition to courses and workshops there will be a student session . a call for papers for the student session will be distributed separately . the programme committee welcomes proposals in all of the above areas . proposal submission : all proposals ( subjset : esslli-99 ) should be submitted by electronic mail to the program chair , at wansing @ rz . uni-leipzig . de , in plain ascii text as soon as possible , but no later than june 15 , 1998 . authors of proposals will be notified of the committee 's decision no later than september 1 , 1998 . proposers should follow the guidelines below while preparing their submissions ; proposals that deviate substantially will not be considered . guidelines for submission : anyone interested in lecturing or organizing a workshop during esslli-99 , please read the following information carefully . foundational courses : these are really elementary courses not assuming any background knowledge . the number of foundational courses will be 4 - 6 . foundational courses are taught by 1 or max . 2 lecturers . they consist of five sessions ( a one-week course ) or ten sessions ( a two-week course ) each session lasts 90 minutes . timetable for foundational course proposal submission jun 15 , 98 : proposal submission deadline sep 1 , 98 : notification nov 15 , 98 : deadline for receipt of title , abstract , lecturer ( s ) information , course description and prerequisites jun 1 , 99 : deadline for receipt of camera-ready course material introductory courses : introductory courses are central to the activities of the summer school . they are intended to equip students and young researchers with a good understanding of a field 's basic methods and techniques , and to allow experienced researchers from other fields to acquire the key competences of neighboring disciplines , thus encouraging the development of a truly interdisciplinary research community . the introductory courses in the three basic disciplines should provide introductions to the field for non-specialists ( an introductory course on logic , for instance , should address linguists and computer scientists , not logicians ) . introductory courses in the interdisciplinary fields , on the other hand , can build on knowledge of the respective fields ( an introductory course in computational linguistics should address an audience which is familiar with the basics of linguistics and computation ) . introductory courses are taught by 1 or max . 2 lecturers . they consist of five sessions ( a one-week course ) or ten sessions ( a two-week course ) each session lasts 90 minutes . proposals for introductory courses should indicate the level of the course as compared to standard texts in the area . for ease of reference a list of standard texts will be made available electronically . timetable for introductory course proposal submission jun 15 , 98 : proposal submission deadline sep 1 , 98 : notification nov 15 , 98 : deadline for receipt of title , abstract , lecturer ( s ) information , course description and prerequisites jun 1 , 99 : deadline for receipt of camera-ready course material advanced courses : advanced courses should be pitched at an audience of advanced masters or phd students . proposals for advanced courses should specify the prerequisites in some detail . advanced courses are taught by 1 or max . 2 lecturers . they consist of five sessions ( a one-week course ) or ten sessions ( a two-week course ) each session lasts 90 minutes . timetable for advanced course proposal submissions jun 15 , 98 : proposal submission deadline sep 1 , 98 : notification nov 15 , 98 : deadline for receipt of title , abstract , lecturer ( s ) information , course description and prerequisites jun 1 , 99 : deadline for receipt of camera-ready course material workshops : the aim of the workshops is to provide a forum for advanced ph . d . students and other researchers to present and discuss their work . a workshop has a theme . at most one organizer is paid . the organizers should be specialists in the theme of the workshop and give a general introduction in the first session . they are also responsible for the programme of the workshop , i . e . , for finding speakers . each workshop organizer will be responsible for producing a call for papers for the workshop by november 15 , 1998 . the call must make it clear that the workshop is open to all members of the lli community . it should also note that all workshop contributors must register for the summer school . a workshop consists of five sessions ( a one-week workshop ) or ten sessions ( a two-week workshop ) . sessions are normally 90 min . timetable for workshop proposal submissions jun 15 , 98 : proposal submission deadline sep 1 , 98 : notification nov 15 , 98 : deadline for receipt of call for papers dec 1 , 98 : send out call for papers mar 15 , 99 : deadline for papers ( suggested ) may 1 , 99 : notification of workshop contributors ( suggested ) may 15 , 99 : deadline for provisional workshop programme jun 1 , 99 : deadline for receipt of camera-ready copy of workshop notes jun 1 , 99 : deadline for final workshop programme format for proposals : please submit your proposal in the following format : name : - - - name ( s ) of proposed lecturer ( s ) / organizer . address : - - - contact addresses of proposed lecturer ( s ) / organizer . where possible , please include phone and fax numbers . title : - - - title of proposed course / workshop . type : - - - state whether this is a workshop , an foundational course , an introductory course , or an advanced course . section : - - - which of the six sections ( language , logic , computation , logic & computation , language & computation or language & logic ) does the proposal belong to ? please just name one . description : - - - a description of the proposed contents . not more than 150 words . external - - - state whether ( and if so : how ) you will be able to find funding : external funding to subsidize your travel and accommodation expenses . further - - - any further information that is required by the above particulars : guidelines should be included here . financial aspects : prospective lecturers and workshop organizers should be aware that all teaching and organizing at the summer schools is done on a voluntary basis in order to keep the participants fees as low as possible . lecturers and organizers are not paid for their contribution , but are reimbursed for travel and accommodation . in case of two lecturers , a lump sum is paid to cover travel expenses . the splitting of the sum is up to the lecturers . ( however , please note that the organizers appreciate it if , whenever possible , lecturers / organizers find alternative funding to cover travel and accommodation expenses . ) workshop speakers are required to register for the summer school ; however , workshop speakers will be able to register at a reduced rate to be determined by the organizing committee . finally , it should be stressed that while proposals from all over the world are welcomed , the summer school can only afford to reimburse travel costs for travel from destinations within europe to utrecht . program committee : heinrich wansing ( chair ) attn : esslli-99 institute of logic and philosophy of science university of leipzig augustusplatz 9 04109 leipzig germany tel : + 49 341 9735 773 ( 770 ) or + 49 351 463 5489 fax : + 49 341 9735 798 email : wansing @ rz . uni-leipzig . de barbara partee ( language ) lev beklemishev ( logic ) ulrich furbach ( computation and logic ) alex lascarides ( language and computation ) antonio di nola ( computation ) henriette de swart ( logic and language ) organizing committee : michael moortgat ( chair ) utrecht institute of linguistics ots utrecht university trans 10 , 3512 jk utrecht the netherlands tel : + 31 30 2536043 ( secretary : + 31 30 2536006 ) fax : + 31 30 2536000 email : moortgat @ let . ruu . nl further background information : to obtain further information , please visit the web site for esslli-98 ( http : / / www . coli . uni-sb . de / esslli / ) or folli 's home page on the web ( http : / / www . wins . uva . nl / research / folli / ) .
",0
2516,"Subject: endangered languages - edinburgh , sept 98 - call for registration
 
 endangered languages - what role for the the specialist ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - edinburgh , scotland - 25-27 september 1998 call for registration the conference will provide a forum for researchers and activists working for the maintenance of indigenous languages that face an uncertain future . conference scope and aims in recent years , number of support organizations have established themselves , all aiming to mobilize research effort , popular opinion and money in defence of declining languages . the question is often raised of how these outsiders can really help the cause that they have identified . language communities must have inner strength in order to survive , or at least the will and the means to go on using their traditional tongues . outside organizations , however well-meaning , cannot supply such qualities directly . some ask whether the organizations even have the right to try to interfere . this conference , the second organized by the foundation for endangered languages , is seeking answers to one part of this question . how can language specialists , whether professional linguists , educators , media professionals or whoever , actually contribute to language maintenance ? we shall be hearing of the actual effects of professional involvement on small language communities throughout the world . we do not expect a common set of conclusions to emerge from this sharing of experience and analysis . but we shall be looking at the variety we find , and asking if it points to a good way to define the roles of the support organizations : how they can complement one another , perhaps sharing techniques , perhaps transmitting knowledge ? some themes that will be addressed : when does the professional best act as an external consultant , when as a team-player ? what are useful relations : among grammarians , lexicographers and sociolinguists ? among community-leaders , language-activists and language-scientists ? among ordinary speakers , creative users , broadcasters and publishers ? what have been great successes in specialist language work , and what motivated the people responsible ? how does local work benefit from el support organizations with a global or continental view ? is the need for technical assistance , production of materials , publicity , funding , political agitation ? should el support organizations themselves specialize ? if so how : regionally , or by function ? the dates will be 25-27 september 1998 , and the venue the pollock halls in edinburgh . there will be a preliminary volume of proceedings distributed at the conference . all presentations should be accessible in english , but there may well be use of the languages of interest , for quotation or exemplification . organizers : dr nicholas ostler - foundation for endangered languages , bath , england mrs margaret allen - foundation for endangered languages , york , england dr briony williams - university of edinburgh , scotland programme committee : akira yamamoto , andrew woodfield , anthony woodbury , tasaku tsunoda , jane simpson , mari rhydwen , jon reyhner , nicholas ostler , david nash , christopher moseley , john clews , margaret allen . intended programme friday , 25 september session 1 endangered languages : what role for the specialist ? keynote speaker : donna b . gerdts : the linguist in language revitalization programmes ( salishan , canada ) session 2 un peu d ' histoire kim hardie role of specialists : the case of flemish in belgium jens e . jahn istria : between ethnic awakening & nationalism ken mackinnon the past and future of scots gaelic ( celtic ) saturday , 26 september session 3 successful interactions mick mallon a partnership : two old men eskimo jon reyhner , gina cantoni what educators can do session 4 understanding the language from the inside louanna furbee two kinds of expert in language renewal ( siouan ) rob . bolognesi standardization : the case of sardinian v . grondona speakers and the language specialist : mocovi ( waikuruan , argentina ) session 5 annual general meeting ( foundation for endangered languages ) session 6 understanding the language from the outside diego quesada competing interpretations : what if they are wrong ? ( chibchan , costa rica ) tapani salminen minority languages in a society in turmoil ( north of russian fed . ( ural . / tungus . / turk / paleosib . ) lynn landweer indicators of vitality : labu and vanimo ( austronesian / sko , niugini ) sunday , 27 september session 7 the new role of information technology bojan petek slovenian language in the information age rc macdougall effects and defects of e - mail ( mohawk , us ) mari rhydwen strategies for doing the impossible ( australia ) session 8 taking stock h . valiquette first things first akira yamamoto language community , scientific community & mutually supported community the conference will feature social events , including a conference dinner and an expedition in the edinburgh area . there is a discount of 10 . 00 ( pounds sterling ) for registrations made before 1 july 1998 . attendees at the conference ( including speakers ) need to be paid-up members of the foundation . payment of subscriptions will be possible at the conference . registration form - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - name address for correspondence designation area ( s ) of interest phone number e - mail fax number booking option [ please choose option 1 , 2 , 3 or 4 from the list of packages below ] booking options : [ all prices in pounds sterling - uk currency ] each package includes 3 lunches / 2 dinners / tea / coffee , registration ( proceedings , conference folders , excursion ) ; for residents , it also includes 2 nights ' bed & breakfast ( 25-27 sept ) . package regular student 1 . single room , without en-suite shower 100 . 00 90 . 00 2 . single room , with en-suite shower 130 . 00 120 . 00 3 . shared double room , with en-suite shower 120 . 00 110 . 00 4 . non - resident ( meals + breaks only ) 55 . 00 45 . 00 note ; . we will try as far as possible to accommodate any special requirements you may have . please send details as early as possible about the following : special dietary requirements , partial attendance at the conference , or accommodation for more than 2 nights etc . [ for non-members ] standard unwaged [ ] please enrol me as a member of the foundation : 20 . 00 [ ] please enrol me as a member of the foundation : 10 . 00 [ enclose proof of unwaged ( e . g . student ) status . ] important : remember to deduct 10 pounds if you are paying before july 1st , 1998 ! further note : we have endeavoured to keep costs to an absolute minimum , to maximize access . however , any surplus in the fund which is paying for this will go to support our work in documentation and promotion of endangered languages . if you can , please add a donation , marking the item below . possible donation [ pounds ] please write the total amount of your payment [ pounds ] methods of payment - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 . uk cheques ( in pounds sterling ) should be made payable to : foundation for endangered languages 2 . for cheques in other currencies please add 10 % to cover bank charges . 3 . the appropriate amount may be transferred directly to : foundation for endangered languages account 50073456 . sort code 08-90 - 02 . co - operative bank , 16 st . stephen street , bristol , bs1 1jr , england 4 . to pay by by credit card [ visa / mastercard ] please complete the following name as on c / card . . . . address as on c / card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . credit card number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . c / card date of expiry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please return this form with your payment to : margaret j . allen treasurer , foundation for endangered languages 14 , newland park close , york y010 3hw england josallen @ compuserve . com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nicholas ostler managing director president linguacubun ltd foundation for endangered languages http : / / www . bris . ac . uk / depts / philosophy / ctll / fel / batheaston villa , 172 bailbrook lane bath ba1 7aa england + 44-1225 - 85-2865 fax + 44-1225 - 85-9258 nostler @ chibcha . demon . co . uk
",0
2517,"Subject: afro - asiatic languages
 
 fourth conference on afro-asiatic languages centre of african studies school of oriental & african studies london 25-27 th june 1998 invited speakers * : robert hoberman , suny john saeed , tcd baye yimam , aau * paul newman regrets that due to unforeseen circumstances he will be unable to attend as guest speaker as previously advertised . thursday , june 25 welcome by prof . r . j . hayward 09 : 00-10 : 00 robert hoberman , state university of new york : what is a binyan : maltese verb morphology 10 : 00-10 : 20 break 10 : 20-11 : 00 tali siloni , tel - aviv university : phonological case checking domain : the case of genitive 11 : 00-11 : 40 nili mandelblit , university of paris 7 : blending in hebrew causatives 11 : 40-12 : 20 mohamed naji , universities of paris x & viii : on the nature of the participial structures : the case of the semitic active participle 12 : 20 - 2 : 00 lunch 2 : 00 - 2 : 40 ruth kempson & malcolm edwards , soas & birkbeck college : resumptive pronouns in arabic & english 2 : 40 - 3 : 20 sabrina bendjaballah , university of paris 7 : some aspects of palatalization in somali 3 : 20 - 4 : 00 alain kihm , cnrs , paris : the berber construct state as subject marking 4 : 00 - 4 : 20 break 4 : 20 - 5 : 00 sharon rose , university of california - san diego : triple take : tigre and the case of internal reduplication 5 : 00 - 5 : 40 giuliano lancioni , university of rome 1 : noun phrases in amharic & standard arabic 5 : 40 - 6 : 20 hagit borer , university of southern california : the argument structure of causatives : a top - down approach 6 : 30 drinks party hosted by soas linguistics dept . friday , june 26 09 : 00-10 : 00 john saeed , trinity college dublin : 10 : 00-10 : 20 break 10 : 20-11 : 00 chris reintges , holland institute of generative linguistics : the correlation of verb movement , event semantics and subject agreement in older egyptian 11 : 00-11 : 40 david swinburne , soas : ' copular pronouns ' and the dynamics of hebrew 11 : 40-12 : 20 jamal ouhalla , queen mary & westfield , london : possession in sentences & in noun phrases 12 : 20 - 2 : 00 lunch 2 : 00 - 2 : 40 jacqueline lecarme , cnrs , nice : gender ' polarity ' and the nature of nominal number 2 : 40 - 3 : 20 james roberts , summer institute of linguistics - chad : feature spreading in mokulu noun plurals 3 : 20 - 4 : 00 mara frascarelli , university of rome 3 : long movement , "" that-trace "" effects and antiagreement in somali 4 : 00 - 4 : 20 break 4 : 20 - 5 : 00 degif petros , mit : classifying the subject agreement suffixes of semitic 5 : 00 - 5 : 40 edit doron , hebrew university , jerusalem : the passive participle in hebrew 5 : 40 - 6 : 20 business meeting 8 : 00 dinner saturday , june 27 09 : 00-10 : 00 baye yimam , addis ababa university : agreement phenomena in amharic 10 : 00-10 : 20 break 10 : 20-11 : 00 miriam engelhardt , hebrew university , jerusalem : definiteness and the construct form 11 : 00-11 : 40 shuly wintner , university of tbingen : definiteness agreement & inheritance in hebrew 11 : 40-12 : 20 melanie green , queen mary & westfield , london : the focus properties of copular sentences 12 : 20 - 2 : 00 lunch 2 : 00 - 2 : 40 ur shlonsky , university of geneva : copular constructions & subject positions in hebrew 2 : 40 - 3 : 20 philippe sgral , university of paris 7 : on phonological processes in the "" 3rd conjugation "" of somali 3 : 20 - 4 : 00 marco svolacchia & annarita pugielli , university of rome 3 : polysynthesis in east cushitic 4 : 00 - 4 : 20 break 4 : 20 - 5 : 00 abdellah chekayri & tobias scheer , al - akawayn university : the appearance of glides in classical arabic defective verbs 5 : 00 - 5 : 40 jean lowenstamm , university of paris 7 : the feminine & impersonal in chaha 5 : 40 - 6 : 20 abdelkader fassi fehri , mohammed v university : on strict adjacency in vs & nposs sequences conference site the conference * is hosted by the school of oriental and african studies . conference sessions will take place in the lower ground floor lecture theatre of the main building at soas . soas is located on the north-west corner of russell square . the nearest tube station is russell square on the piccadilly line . goodge st . on the northern line , euston square on the circle and metropolitan and euston main line station are 10 minutes walk away . * the conference is financed through the research committee of the school of oriental & african studies and the summer institute of linguistics . local committee : prof . r . j . hayward , dr . b . ingham , dr . j . ouhalla , ms . d . perrett . fees participants will be asked to pay a daily fee of 5 to cover conference expenses . accommodation accommodation will be arranged at dinwiddy house , the soas students residence , in single study bedrooms with en-suite shower , toilet and handbasin . rooms will be available from wednesday 24th june at 22 per night for bed & breakfast . please confirm your reservation as soon as possible using the accommodation form below . dinwiddy house is located on pentonville road not far from kings cross station 10-15 minutes walk from soas . participants will need to make their own way , on foot or by local transport ( 73 bus ) , to the conference site each day . details of hotel accommodation in the russell square area can be supplied on request . all correspondence should be addressed to : denise perrett , centre of african studies , school of oriental & african studies , russell square , london , wc1h 0xg tel : 0181-964 - 9141 fax : 0171-323 - 6254 e-mail : cal @ soas . ac . uk accommodation form please indicate below which accommodation options you want to take . it may also help us to know your travel plans . please complete the form and e-mail it to cal @ soas . ac . uk name : e-mail address : 1 . i wish to book bed & breakfast accommodation at dinwiddy house at 22 / twenty two pounds sterling per night ( payable on arrival ) for the following nights - 24th june yes / no 25th june yes / no 26th june yes / no 27th june yes / no 2 . i would like to receive information on hotel accommodation in the russell square area . yes / no 3 . i have made independent accommodation arrangements . yes / no 4 . i plan to travel by - airport : arrival date : arrival time : flight no : air _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ train _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 . i require information on ( other , please specify ) : travel to london ( directions designed for destination soas residence . ) arriving by air : heathrow - underground piccadilly line to king 's cross . gatwick - rail link to king 's x . luton - rail link train to king 's x . city - docklands railway & underground connections . arriving by rail : waterloo - from eurostar terminal change to underground for king 's x ( northern line to leicester square change to piccadilly for king 's x or bakerloo changing to piccadilly line at piccadilly circus ) . other main line stations - change to underground for connections to king 's x . arriving by car : directions available on request . car parking is a major problem in central london . taxis : metered cab ranks at all airports and main line stations . the walk from king 's cross station to dinwiddy house is 0 . 5 km . those with heavy luggage may prefer to take a taxi from the station .
",0
2518,"Subject: 8th international conference on functional grammar
 
 the eighth international conference on functional grammar ( icfg8 ) is being held at the vrije universiteit amsterdam ( netherlands ) from july 6th through 9th . for full details , including the conference program and abstracts of all papers , as well as information on travel and accommodation , see : http : / / www . mis . coventry . ac . uk / fgis / 8thicfg . html to register as a participant in the conference , please contact : icfg8 @ let . vu . nl lachlan mackenzie free university amsterdam
",0
2519,"Subject: special issue jetai
 
 call for papers journal of experimental and theoretical artificial intelligence special issue on memory-based language processing memory - based language processing ( mblp ) views language processing as being based on the direct reuse of previous experience rather than on the use of abstractions extracted from that experience . in such a framework , language acquisition is modeled as the storage of exemplars , and language processing as similarity-based reasoning . mblp derives from work in artificial intelligence ( case-based reasoning , memory-based reasoning , instance-based learning , lazy learning ) , linguistics ( analogical modeling ) , computational linguistics ( example-based machine translation , case-based language processing , data-oriented parsing ) , and statistical pattern recognition ( k-nn models ) . in recent research , it has been shown that the application of algorithms based on this framework leads to accurate and efficient language models in diverse language processing areas ( phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics , discourse ) . we invite theoretical papers on models , algorithms and metrics for memory-based language processing , and empirical studies comparing mblp variants to each other or to alternative non-memory - based approaches for specific language processing tasks . time table deadline for submissions : september 1 , 1998 notification date : november 1 , 1998 deadline for final versions : january 1 , 1999 special issue : summer or autumn 1999 instructions for authors : 1 . the original manuscript and three clear copies should be submitted to : walter daelemans ( guest editor ) ilk research group , computational linguistics tilburg university warandelaan 2 5037 gc tilburg building b , room 307 the netherlands + 31 13 4663070 ( phone ) + 31 13 4663110 ( fax ) walter . daelemans @ kub . nl all papers will be refereed by at least three reviewers . 2 . all papers must be in english . the entire manuscript should be typed on one side only of plain paper , either a4 or 8 . 5 x 11 inch , with double spacing used throughout . 3 . the first page of the manuscript should carry the title , the names , institutional addresses , and institutional telephone numbers of the authors , and a short title of no more than 50 characters ( including spaces ) to be used as a running head . the second page of the manuscript should carry an abstract of about 200 words . the remainder of the text should not exceed 30 double spaced pages , including references but excluding figures and tables . all figures and tables must be referred to by number in the text . 4 . an original set of professional quality figures should accompany the manuscript . line drawing may be india ink originals or glossy prints . halftone illustrations must be submitted as glossy prints . illustrations cannot be printed in color . 5 . tables should be typed on separate pages , which should accompany the text . 6 . the text should be written in third person to facilitate blind reviewing . the names of the authors or their institutions should appear only on the title page . 7 . the name-date style should be used for all references . all authors ' names should be included in the reference list . journal names should not be abbreviated . inclusive page numbers must be given for all references to articles in journals , proceedings volumes , or books . with the exception of theses or dissertations , unpublished works should not be included as references . 8 . footnotes may not be used . endnotes may be used if necessary ; they should be collected on separate sheets at the end of the text . 9 . fifty free offprints will be provided to the first author of each paper . there will be no page charges .
",0
2520,"Subject: acm sigir98 workshop on multimedia indexing and retrieval
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * note that the deadline for initial submission has been extended to june 19 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * acm sigir ' 98 post - conference workshop multimedia indexing and retrieval melbourne , australia , august 28 , 1998 call for participation background : this workshop will focus on the required functionality , techniques , and evaluation criteria for multimedia information retrieval systems . researchers have been investigating content-based retrieval from non-text sources such as images , audio and video . initially , the focus of these efforts were on content analysis and retrieval techniques tailored to a specific media ; more recently , researchers have started to combine attributes from various media . the goal of multimedia ir systems is to handle general queries such as "" find outdoor pictures or video of clinton and gore discussing environmental issues "" . answering such queries requires intelligent exploitation of both text / speech and visual content . multimedia ir is a very broad area covering both infrastructure issues ( e . g . efficient storage criteria , networking , client-server models ) and intelligent content analysis and retrieval . since this is a one-day workshop , we have chosen three focus areas in the intelligent analysis and retrieval area . about the workshop : the first focus of this workshop is on integrating information from various media sources in order to handle multimodal queries on large , diverse databases . an example of such a collection would be the www . in such cases , a query may be decomposed into a set of media queries , each involving a different indexing scheme . the interaction of various media sources that occur in the same context ( e . g . , text accompanying pictures , audio accompanying video ) is of special interest ; such interaction can be exploited in both the content analysis and retrieval phases . the second focus deals with examples of research using content and organization of multimedia information into semantic classes . users pose and expect a retrieval to provide answers to semantic questions . in practice this is difficult to achieve . building structures that encode semantic information in a fairly domain independent and robust manner is extremely difficult . a quick review of computer vision research over the last few years points to this difficulty . in many cases , image content can be used in conjunction with user interaction and domain specificity to retrieve semantically meaningful information . however , it is clear that retrieval by similarity of visual attributes when used arbitrarily cannot provide semantically meaningful information . for example , a search for a red flower by color red on a very heterogeneous database cannot be expected to yeild meaningful results . on the other hand retrieval of red flowers in a database of flowers can be achieved using color . in context therefore , examples of research using content and organization of multimedia information into semantic classes will be discussed . many systems , particularly image and video based ones require an example picture which can be used as a query ( alternatively , the user may be required to draw a picture ) . it may be unrealistic to expect an example image to be always available . thus , it would be useful to find ways of generating new queries . can nlp techniques be combined with computer vision techniques to generate such queries ? or can multimodal retrieval techniques be combined to create queries suitable for image , video and audio retrieval ? in general , a question is how can we create realistic queries for realistic systems . the third focus of this workshop is on evaluation techniques for multimedia retrieval . currently , most researchers are using the standard evaluation measures defined for text documents ; these need to be extended / modified for multimedia documents . there is also a high degree of subjectivity involved that needs to be addressed . we will focus on the following specific topics : - content analysis and retrieval from various media ( text , images , video , audio ) - interaction of modalities ( e . g . text , images ) in indexing , retrieval - effective user interfaces ( permitting query refinement etc . ) - evaluation methodologies for multimedia information . we have found that researchers pay insufficient attention to it . - techniques for relevance ranking - multimodal query formation / decomposition - logic formalisms for multimodal queries - indexing and retrieval from scanned documents - e . g extracting text from images , word spotting - as a retrieval technique for both handwritten and printed documents . - testbeds for evaluating multimodal retrieval : it would be nice to have some resource sharing here since annotating these , and coming up with a good query set are difficult participation : two types of participation are expected . those interested in making a presentation at this workshop should submit their full papers either in online postscript version or in hardcopy by regular mail to the address given below . the papers should not exceed 5 , 000 words , including figures , tables , and references . those interested in participating , but not presenting papers , should submit a statement of interest , not to exceed 500 words . this should clearly state what aspect ( s ) of the workshop reflect their research interest . these will be used to select panelists . both types of submissions are due on friday , june 5th . decisions will be made no later than friday , june 26th . in the case of paper submission , the final camera-ready papers are due on july 24th . working notes will be made available to all participants at the workshop . all the submissions should be sent to : prof . rohini k . srihari , cedar / suny at buffalo ub commons 520 lee entrance , suite 202 amherst , ny 14228 - 2583 rohini @ cedar . buffalo . edu organization : workshop chairs ( also program chairs ) rohini k . srihari , suny at buffalo ( rohini @ cedar . buffalo . edu ) zhongfei zhang , suny at buffalo ( zhongfei @ cedar . buffalo . edu ) r . manmatha , university of massachussetts ( manmatha @ cs . umass . edu ) s . ravela , university of massachussetts ( ravela @ cs . umass . edu ) program committee members : shih - fu chang ( columbia u . , usa ) david harper ( robert gordon university , u . k . ) alex hauptmann ( cmu , usa ) rakesh kumar ( sarnoff , usa ) desai narasimhalu ( isi , singapore ) candace sidner ( lotus , usa ) peter schauble ( eth , switzerland ) timetable : paper or statement of interest submission : june 5th , 1998 decision : july 19th , 1998 camera - ready paper due : july 24th , 1998 sigir conference : august 24th - 28th , 1998 workshop : august 29th , 1998 further information : further questions may be directed to the address above , or go to the web page of this workshop at http : / / www . cedar . buffalo . edu / sigir98 / mmtr . html or the sigir conference main web page at http : / / www . cs . mu . oz . au / sigir98 /
",0
2521,"Subject: 10th icehl
 
 10th international conference on english historical linguistics manchester , 21-26 august 1998 our conference website is now , apparently , fully operational again after having been wholly or partly unobtainable outside manchester for a few days , for technical reasons we do n't yet know . apologies to anyone who was inconvenienced . please let us know if there are still any problems . on the www you will find a list of plenary and ordinary papers , many of the abstracts , a * * provisional * * programme , information on workshops and associated activities , and lots of other stuff on the venue and the city . detailed travel information will be added later this month . if you have any queries , please address them to 10icehl @ man . ac . uk thank you . ( prof . ) david denison < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > organising committee , 10icehl dept of english and american studies university of manchester | manchester m13 9pl | u . k . http : / / www . art . man . ac . uk / english / projects / 10icehl . htm ( www ) 10icehl @ man . ac . uk ( e-mail ) + 44 ( 0 ) 161-275 3256 ( fax )
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2522,"Subject: available for review : discourse , vietnamese
 
 the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . discourse & cognitive linguistics : liebert , wolf and g . redeker and l . waugh . discourse and perspective in cognitive linguistics . john benjamins publishing co . 1997 narrative & vietnamese : daley , karen ann , ( 1998 ) vietnamese classifiers in narrative texts . summer institute of linguistics . arlington tx .
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2523,"Subject: coling / acl ' 98 worshop on processing of dependency - based grammars
 
 coling-acl ' 98 workshop call for papers + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + processing of dependency - based grammars + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + august 15 , 1998 universite de montreal montreal , quebec , canada http : / / tornade . ere . umontreal . ca / ~ polguera / eng / dgworkshop . html http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca this one-day workshop will be a meeting point for researchers interested in the implementation of dependency - based grammars ( dgs ) . it will be a forum for presenting different theoretical approaches to dgs , as well as strategies adopted for their implementation . although the focus of this workshop is on dgs , it also aims at establishing connections between different approaches to the modeling and implementation of grammatical phenomena . tou are invited to submit papers on the following , or related , topics : theoretical aspects - correspondence between semantic and syntactic structures ; - correspondence between syntactic structures and the surface text ; - interaction between lexical and grammatical knowledge ; - comparison between different dg approaches . implementations - natural language generation with dgs ; - parsing with dgs ; - building dependency-annotated corpora . additional issues - are "" pure "" dependency formalisms sufficient to account for all syntactic phenomena or do they need to be augmented with phrase structures ? - should dgs be considered as a simple notational variant of other types of formal grammars or are there deep reasons for adopting them ? each speaker will be given 30 minutes to present a paper followed by 15 minutes for questions / discussions . organizing committee sylvain kahane ( talana , universite paris 7 ) < sk @ ccr . jussieu . fr > alain polguere ( universite de montreal ) < polguera @ ere . umontreal . ca > requirement for submission - maximum length of 10 pages including figures and references - a4 or us letter format ; set margins so that the text lies within a rectangle of 6 . 5x9 inches ( 16 . 5x23 cm ) . - classical fonts such as times roman or computer modern , 11 to 12 points for text , 14 to 16 points for headings and title - latex users are encouraged to use the style file provided by acl : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / colaclsub . sty - papers should be submitted as hardcopies - - five ( 5 ) are required . - submissions should be sent to : alain polguere departement of linguistics and translation c . p . 6128 , succ . centre - ville montreal ( quebec ) h3c 3j7 canada deadlines - submissions due : march 15 , 1998 - notifications of acceptance : may 1 , 1998 - final manuscript due : june 15 , 1998 program comittee anne abeille ( u . paris 7 ) michael a . covington ( u . of georgia ) michel elhadad ( ben - gurion u . ) sylvain kahane ( u ; paris 7 ) dick hudson ( u . college london ) igor mel ' cuk ( u . de montreal ) alexis nasr ( u . d ' avignon ) alain polguere ( u . de montreal ) petr sgall ( charles u . ) jacques vergne ( u . de caen )
",0
2524,"Subject: typology and theory
 
 call for papers the syllable : typology and theory a conference on the representation and the typology of the syllable will be held in teubingen , germany , from june the 30th till july the 2nd 1998 . there will be 9 slots for papers . travel expenses of speakers will be partially reimbursed . in addition to the 9 open slots , there are six invited speakers : stuart davis ( indiana university ) tracy allan hall ( zentrum fuer allgemeine sprachwissenschaft , berlin ) junko ito ( university of california at santa cruz ) john mccarthy ( university of massachusetts at amherst ) armin mester ( university of california at santa cruz ) marc van oostendorp ( hil / rijksuniversiteit leiden ) . abstracts are invited which focus on the following topics : - - the status of the syllable in the phonological theory - - phonotactics - - syllable weight - - interaction between the syllables and higher prosodic constituents - - diachronic studies papers will be 45 minutes plus 15 minutes for discussion . abstract submission . abstracts may not exceed 2 pages with at least a 1 inch margin on all four sides and should use a font not smaller than 12 pt . five anonymous copies accompanied by a camera-ready original with author \ 180s name , address , and affiliation should be sent to : syllable conference seminar f \ 252r sprachwissenschaft wilhelmstrasse 113 72074 t \ 252bingen germany deadline : 31st march1998 phone : + 49-7071 - 77304 , or + 49-7071 - 77315 email : caroline . fery @ uni-tuebingen . de , or ruben . van-de - vijver @ uni-tuebingen . de ruben van de vijver universitaet tuebingen seminar fuer sprachwissenschaft wilhelmstrasse 113 72074 tuebingen germany + 49-70712977315
",0
2525,"Subject: available for review : syntax , optimality , acquisition
 
 the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . please do * not * simply point to an online cv or website , such messages will be ignored . syntax beerman , leblanc and van riemsdijk . 1997 . rightward movement . john benjamins . philadephia syntax , semantics and acquisition : crain and thornton . 1998 . investigations in universal grammar . a guide to experiments on the acquisition of syntax and semantics . mit press . cambridge . optimality and syntax barbosa , fox , hagstrom , mcginnis and pesetsky eds . 1998 . optimality and competition in syntax . mit press . cambridge .
",0
2526,"Subject: 6th dgfs - summer school : ` language typology in mainz
 
 6th dgfs - summer school 1998 : "" language typology "" from august , 31 - september , 11 1998 at the johannes gutenberg - university mainz organizers : walter bisang / bernhard hiegl the 6th summer school of the german linguistic society ( dgfs ) will take place at the johannes gutenberg - university of mainz from august , 31 to september , 11 1998 . 1 . contents - 14 courses of 2 hours a day from monday to friday - plenary lectures and discussions every day - distinguished guest speakers participation will be certified . courses : courses entitled in german will be held in german ; courses entitled in english will be held in english - auer , peter ( hamburg ) : sprachtypologie und phonologie ( language typology and phonology ) - bisang , walter ( mainz ) : grammatikalisierung ( grammaticalization ) - cinque , guglielmo ( venice ) : the syntax and typology of adverbs and tense / mood / modality / aspect - comrie , bernard ( leipzig ) : typology of reference tracking - corbett , greville ( surrey ) : typology of gender systems and number systems - croft , william ( manchester ) : typology and cognition - foley , william ( sidney ) : comparative grammar of papuan languages - haspelmath , martin ( bamberg ) : morphologische typologie ( morphological typology ) - kornfilt , jaklin ( syracuse ) : theoretical perspectives in syntactic change - lehmann , christian ( bielefeld ) : typologie des yukatekischen ( typology of yucatec ) - plank , frans and lahiri , aditi ( konstanz ) : co - variation of phonology , morphology , and syntax ? the prospects for holistic typology - siewierska , anna ( lancaster ) : word order typology : synchrony and diachrony - stassen , leon ( nijmegen ) : typology as a reductionist method - stolz , thomas ( bremen ) : sprachliche konvergenz : areale und typologie ( linguistic convergence : areals and typology ) plenary lectures : - lehmann , christian ( bielefeld ) : sprachdokumentation : ein programm ( language documentation-a programme ) - foley , william ( sidney ) : the problem of precategoriality and symmetrical voice languages in the philippines - cinque , guglielmo ( venice ) : the universal structure of the clause : adverb phrases and tam heads - lahiri , aditi ( konstanz ) : grammaticalisation in germanic - stolz , thomas ( bremen ) : komitative - global und areal ( comitatives - globally and areally ) - siewierska , anna ( lancaster ) : agreement markers vs . bound pronouns - kornfilt , jaklin ( syracuse ) : remarks on types of agreement and case : a study in the historical morphosyntax of turkic languages - comrie , bernard ( leipzig ) : typology and the history of language - stassen , leon ( nijmegen ) : black and white languages : parameter clusters from a typological and areal perspective guest speakers : - haider , hubert ( salzburg ) : sprachvergleich in der formalen linguistik ( language comparison in formal linguistics ) - johanson , lars ( mainz ) : aspekt ( aspect ) - ramat , paolo ( pavia ) : sprachliche kategorien und kategorisierungen - van der auwera , johan ( antwerpen ) : areality in language typology ( with special reference to the problem of standard average european languages ) for a detailed schedule of the summer school please look at our homepage . however , it has been determined that the courses will be assigned to three timeblocks . the planned assignments to the individual blocks look like follows : 10 : 45 - 12 : 15 auer , corbett , comrie , siewierska , haspelmath 13 : 45 - 15 : 15 cinque , croft , foley , stolz 15 : 30 - 17 : 00 bisang , kornfilt , lehmann , plank / lahiri , stassen 2 . costs students / persons without income : non-member : dm 280 / 350 * dgfs - member : dm 252 / 315 * university employees / persons with income : non-member : dm 560 / 650 * dgfs - member : dm 504 / 585 * participants from ` countries with low salaries have to pay half of the students fees . * = participants fee after june , 30 1998 . 3 . accomodation there are accomodation possibilities on campus at very reasonable prices ( approximately 100 beds ) : 1 bed in a double room : approx . dm 170 , - for 2 weeks + deposit of dm 50 , - - the assignment follows after application in chronological order of requests . mediation of hotel rooms is also possible . 4 . application / information johannes gutenberg - universitat mainz institut fur allgemeine und vergleichende sprachwissenschaft fb 14 . 20 dgfs - summer school bernhard hiegl d-55099 mainz , germany phone / fax : + + 49 ( 0 ) 6131 / 39-3980 e-mail : lingtyp @ mail . uni-mainz . de homepage : http : / / www . uni-mainz . de / ~ lingtyp ( latest information and course descriptions here ! ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
",0
2527,"Subject: 2nd workshop on interlinguas cfp
 
 second workshop on interlinguas : call for papers from text to representation : second workshop on interlinguas tuesday , october 27 , 1998 ( preceding the amta 98 conference ) sheraton bucks county hotel , langhorne , pennsylvania [ http : / / crl . nmsu . edu / events / fwoi / secondworkshop / index . html ] the focus of this workshop will be a multi-lingual text and the task of representing aspects of that text using an interlingual representation ( il ) . the format is meant to encourage concrete discussion on how ils handle particular challenges , including , but not limited to , representation of : basic predicate / argument structure noun phrases / referents proper nouns prepositional meaning non-literal language temporal relations textual organization lexical divergences syntactic divergences submitters are invited to select some aspect or section of the text , in a single language , or a language pair / set , and submit a short position paper , describing the il representation for that aspect . in addition to providing concrete il representations and terms ( ontological entities / atoms ) , submitters are encouraged to focus also on the reasons why one would choose to define these particular terms , and the justification for defining in a particular way the relations , slots , and fillers of the term . papers should define the aspect to be discussed , identify instances in the text , provide a representation for these instances , and categorize the instances according to the treatment proposed . the papers will be collected and published as the proceedings of the workshop . submission of end-to - end output of an il system ( including and identifying relevant hand-crafted elements ) is especially encouraged . submissions could also propose theoretical justification for a particular framework , in particular how the building blocks of the system work in handling an aspect of the text . the workshop itself will consist of panels organized around the representational aspects selected by the participants . the panel presentations will be supplemented by periods for general discussion and other activities . ideally , the result of the workshop will be - in some cases , a consistent set of il expressions for the various problematic issues raised by the text and - in other cases , a clearer delineation of ( 1 ) how the various problematic issues in the text are treated in different ils and ( 2 ) the fundamental differences in approach that motivate these different il treatments . a final product of the workshop will be an outline of the issues discussed in determining whether combined il approaches are possible and / or desirable . these results will provide a basis for further workshops . the multi-lingual text will be available at http : / / crl . nmsu . edu / events / fwoi / secondworkshop / text . html in glossed english , french , spanish , chinese , arabic , german , russian , persian , italian , catalan , vietnamese , malay , greek , bulgarian , tamil , and portuguese versions , as they become available . notice of interest in participation : july 10 , 1998 ( to shelmrei @ crl . nmsu . edu ) ( please identify specifically what aspect of il representation you intend to address ) position paper submission : august 10 , 1998 notifications : september 10 , 1998 final copies of papers : october 10 , 1998 workshop : october 27 , 1998 submission may be in printed or electronic form ( latex , framemaker ) , but should follow acl style sheet ( available at http : / / www . cs . columbia . edu / ~ acl / home . html ) . submissions should be sent to : stephen helmreich computing research laboratory new mexico state university po box 30001 / 3crl las cruces , nm 88003 ( usa ) phone : ( 505 ) 646-2141 fax : ( 505 ) 646-6218 e-mail : shelmrei @ crl . nmsu . edu the registration fee for the conference is $ 50 . non - presenters will be accepted on a first-come , first served basis . a copy of the registration form is available at : http : / / crl . nmsu . edu / events / fwoi / secondworkshop / registration . html
",0
2528,"Subject: icgi-98 call for papers
 
 call for participation fourth international colloquium on grammatical inference ( icgi-98 ) http : / / www . cs . iastate . edu / ~ icgi98 / icgi98 . html program co - chairs : vasant honavar and giora slutzki , iowa state university july 12-14 , 1998 iowa state university ames , iowa , usa . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cosponsored at iowa state university by international institute of theoretical and applied physics complex adaptive systems group iowa computational biology laboratory artificial intelligence research laboratory department of computer science in cooperation with american association for artificial intelligence ieee systems , man , and cybernetics society acl special interest group on natural language learning - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - introduction grammatical inference , variously refered to as automata induction , grammar induction , and automatic language acquisition , refers to the process of learning of grammars and languages from data . machine learning of grammars finds a variety of applications in syntactic pattern recognition , adaptive intelligent agents , diagnosis , computational biology , systems modelling , prediction , natural language acquisition , data mining and knowledge discovery . traditionally , grammatical inference has been studied by researchers in several research communities including : information theory , formal languages , automata theory , language acquisition , computational linguistics , machine learning , pattern recognition , computational learning theory , neural networks , etc . perhaps one of the first attempts to bring together researchers working on grammatical inference for an interdisciplinary exchange of research results took place under the aegis of the first colloquium on grammatical inference held at the university of essex in united kingdom in april 1993 . this was followed by the ( second ) international colloquium on grammatical inference , held at alicante in spain , the proceedings of which were published by springer - verlag as volume 862 of the lectures notes in artificial intelligence , and the third international colloquium on grammatical inference , held at montpellier in france , the proceedings of which were published by springer - verlag as volume 1147 of the lecture notes in artificial intelligence . following the success of these events and the workshop on automata induction , grammatical inference , and language acquisition , held in conjunction with the international conference on machine learning at nashville in united states in july 1997 , the fourth international colloquium on grammatical inference will be held from july 12 through july 14 , 1998 , at iowa state university in united states . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - topics of interest the conference seeks to provide a forum for presentation and discussion of original research papers on all aspects of grammatical inference including , but not limited to : * different models of grammar induction : e . g . , learning from examples , learning using examples and queries , incremental versus non-incremental learning , distribution-free models of learning , learning under various distributional assumptions ( e . g . , simple distributions ) , impossibility results , complexity results , characterizations of representational and search biases of grammar induction algorithms . * algorithms for induction of different classes of languages and automata : e . g . , regular , context-free , and context-sensitive languages , interesting subsets of the above under additional syntactic constraints , tree and graph grammars , picture grammars , multi-dimensional grammars , attributed grammars , parameterized models , etc . * theoretical and experimental analysis of different approaches to grammar induction including artificial neural networks , statistical methods , symbolic methods , information-theoretic approaches , minimum description length , and complexity-theoretic approaches , heuristic methods , etc . * broader perspectives on grammar induction - - e . g . , acquisition of grammar in conjunction with language semantics , semantic constraints on grammars , language acquisition by situated agents and robots , acquisition of language constructs that describe objects and events in space and time , developmental and evolutionary constraints on language acquisition , etc . * demonstrated or potential applications of grammar induction in natural language acquisition , computational biology , structural pattern recognition , information retrieval , text processing , adaptive intelligent agents , systems modelling and control , and other domains . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - program committee technical program chairs : vasant honavar and giora slutzki , iowa state university , usa . technical program committee : r . berwick , mit , usa a . brazma , european bioinformatics institute , cambridge , uk . m . brent , johns hopkins university , usa c . cardie , cornell university , usa w . daelemans , tilburg university , netherlands d . dowe , monash university , australia p . dupont , university jean monnet at st . etienne , france . d . estival , university of melbourne , australia j . feldman , international computer science institute , berkeley , usa l . giles , nec research institute , princeton , usa j . gregor , university of tennessee , usa c . de la higuera , university jean monnet at st . etienne , france a . itai , technion , israel t . knuutila , university of turku , finland j . koza , stanford university , usa k . lang , nec research institute , princeton , usa . m . li , university of waterloo , canada e . makinen , university of tampere , finland l . miclet , enssat , lannion , france . g . nagaraja , indian institute of technology , bombay , india h . ney , university of technology , aachen , germany j . nicolas , irisa , france r . parekh , allstate research and planning center , menlo park , usa l . pitt , university of illinois at urbana - champaign , usa d . powers , flinders university , australia l . reeker , national science foundation , usa y . sakakibara , tokyo denki university , japan . c . samuelsson , lucent technologies , usa a . sharma , university of new south wales , australia . e . vidal , u . politecnica de valencia , spain - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - local arrangements committee dale grosvenor , iowa state university , usa . k . balakrishnan , iowa state university , usa . r . bhatt , iowa state university , usa j . yang , iowa state university , usa . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - invited papers 1 . j . feldman , international computer science institute and university of california , berkeley , ca , usa . topic : natural language acquisition ( exact title to be announced ) . 2 . a . brazma , european bioinformatics institute , cambridge . topic : pattern discovery in biosequences . ( exact title to be announced ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tutorial ( s ) 1 . kolmogorov complexity and its applications , jack lutz , iowa state university . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - list of accepted papers 1 . stochastic regular tree language inference , rafael c . carrasco , jose oncina and jorge calera 2 . the data driven approach applied to the ostia algorithm , jose oncina 3 . approximate learning of random subsequential transducers , antonio castellanos 4 . how considering incompatible state mergings may reduce the dfa induction search tree , francois coste and jacques nicolas 5 . learning regular grammars to model musical style : comparing different coding schemes , p . p . cruz - alcazar and e . vidal - ruiz 6 . using symbol clustering to improve probabilistic automaton inference , pierre dupont and lin chase 7 . learning a subclass of context - free languages j . emerald , k . subramanian , and d . thomas 8 . learning a determinisitic finite automaton with a recurrent neural network , l firoiu , t oates , and p r cohen 9 . learning feature - based phrase - structure rules with the grammar inference tool , b . geistert 10 . learning stochastic finite automata from experts , colin de la higuera . 11 . a stochastic search approach to grammar induction hugues juille and jordan pollack 12 . grammar model and grammar induction in the system nl page , keselj 13 . results of the abbadingo one dfa learning competition and a new evidence driven state merging algorithm k . j . lang , b . a . pearlmutter and r . price 14 . transducer - learning experiments on language understanding pics and e . vidal 15 . learning k-variable pattern languages efficiently stochastically finite on average from positive data peter rossmanith and thomas zeugmann 16 . locally threshold testable languages in strict sense : application to the inference problem , jose ruiz , salvador espana , and pedro garcia 17 . grammatical inference in document recognition , saidi , tayeb - bey 18 . learning a subclass of linear languages from positive structural information , jose sempere and g . nagaraja 19 . why meaning helps learning syntax , isabelle tellier 20 . a performance evaluation of automatic survey classifiers , viechnicki 21 . applying grammatical inference by learning a language model for oral dialogue jacques chodorowski and laurent miclet 22 . a polynomial time incremental algorithm for learning dfa , r . parekh , c . nichitu , v . honavar - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - conference format and proceedings the conference will include oral and possibly poster presentations of accepted papers , a small number of tutorials and invited talks . all accepted papers will appear in the conference proceedings to be published by springer - verlag as a volume in the lecture notes in artificial intelligence which is part of the springer - verlag lecture notes in computer science series . instructions for preparation of camera - ready versions of accepted and invited papers for publication - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - financial support limited financial support might be available , subject to the availability of funds , for : * scientists ( especially junior researchers ) from developing countries , especially for those who can find other sources of support for extended visit at a us institution * graduate students and postdocs from us institutions additional details will be posted as they become available . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - for additional details , see http : / / www . cs . iastate . edu / ~ icgi98 / icgi98 . html
",0
2529,"Subject: conf : computerm workshop at coling-acl ' 98
 
 computerm ' 98 workshop announcement first workshop on computational terminology when : august 15 , 1998 ( just after coling-acl98 ) where : university of montreal , montreal ( quebec , canada ) http : / / tornade . ere . umontreal . ca / ~ lhommem / coling / computerm . html context the workshop provides a forum to bring together researchers from the fields of computational linguistics , terminology , automated translation , information retrieval and lexicography who share an interest in computational aspects of terminology processing : acquisition , extraction , indexing , machine-aided thesaurus building , dictionary construction , etc . registration the number of participants to the workshop is limited . it is advisable to pre-register as soon as possible : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / fees . html additional information ( travel , accomodation , tourism . . . ) see the coling-acl98 conference main page at : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / mainpage . html paper presentation schedule : ( preliminary ) august 15 , 1998 saturday - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 : 45 - - 9 : 00 opening address 9 : 00 - - 9 : 30 david hull : "" a practical approach to terminology alignment "" 9 : 30 - - 10 : 00 akiko n . aizawa , kyo kageura : "" an approach to the automatic generation of multilingual keywords clusters "" 10 : 00 - - 10 : 30 ralf brown : "" automatically - extracted thesauri for cross-language ir : when better is worse "" 10 : 30 - - 10 : 45 coffee break 10 : 45 - - 11 : 45 first poster session 11 : 45 - - 12 : 15 fidelia ibekwe - sanjuan : "" building a prototype system for trends survey in a knowledge extraction program "" 12 : 15 - - 12 : 45 anne condamines , josette reyberolle "" ctkb : a corpus-based approach to a terminological knowledge base "" 12 : 45 - - 14 : 15 lunch 14 : 15 - - 14 : 45 toru hisamitsu ; yoshiki niwa : "" extraction of useful terms from parenthetical expressions by using simple rules and statistical measures - - a comparative evaluation of bigram statistics "" 14 : 45 - - 15 : 15 paul bowden , lindsay evett , peter halstead "" automatic acronym acquisition in a knowledge extraction program "" 15 : 15 - - 15 : 45 laura davidson , judy kavanagh , kristen mackintosh , ingrid meyer , douglas skuce : "" semi - automatic extraction of knowledge-rich contexts from corpora : examples and issues "" 15 : 45 - - 16 : 00 coffee break 16 : 00 - - 17 : 00 second poster session 17 : 00 - - 17 : 30 dekang lin : "" extracting collocations from text corpora "" 17 : 30 - - 18 : 00 hiroshi nakagawa , tatsunori mori : "" nested collocation and compound noun for term extraction "" posters : ( preliminary ) lee - feng chen , min - chan chen , chun - liang chen , bo - ren bai : "" internet - based chinese text corpus classification and domain-specific keyterm extraction "" hongyan jing , evelyne tzoukerman : "" improving retrieval with semantics and morphology "" kyo kageura , masaharu yoshioka , teruo koyama , toshihiko nozue : "" towards a common testbed for corpus-based computational terminology "" diana maynard , sofia ananiadou : "" acquiring contextual information for term disambiguation "" michael p . oakes , chris d . paice : "" term extraction for automatic abstracting "" antje schmidt - wigger : "" building consistent terminologies "" hinrich schuetze : "" hypercondex - - a hypertext concordance as a back-of - the-rule index "" scientific committee khurshid ahmad ( university of surrey , uk ) sophia ananiadou ( manchester metropolitan university , manchester , uk ) peter anick ( digital equipment corporation , usa ) teresa cabre ( university pompeu fabra , barcelone , spain ) ken church ( at&t labs research , usa ) anne condamines ( cnrs , toulouse , france ) bruce croft ( university of massachusetts , usa ) ido dagan ( bar ilan university , israel ) beatrice daille ( irin nantes , france ) pascale fung ( hong kong university of science and technology , hong kong ) eric gaussier ( xerox research centre europe , france ) gregory grefenstette ( xerox research centre europe , france ) stephanie haas ( university of north carolina , usa ) benoit habert ( limsi & ens fontenay - st cloud , france ) ulrich heid ( universitaet stuttgart , stuttgart , germany ) kyo kageura ( nacsis , tokyo , japan ) judith klavans ( columbia univesity , usa ) robert krovetz ( nec research institute , usa ) robert losee ( university of north carolina , usa ) ingrid meyer ( university of ottawa , ottawa , canada ) jian - yun nie ( university of montreal , montreal , canada ) padmini srinivasan ( the university of iowa , usa ) tomek strzalkowski ( general electric company , usa ) evelyne tzoukermann , ( bell labs innovations , lucent technologies , usa ) richard wojcik ( boeing company , usa ) pierre zweigenbaum ( ap-hp & universite paris 6 , france ) workshop organizers didier bourigault ( cnrs and universite paris xiii , paris , france ) christian jacquemin ( limsi , france ) marie - claude l ' homme ( universite de montreal , montreal , canada ) mailto : db @ lli . univ-paris 13 . fr jacquemin @ limsi . fr lhommem @ ere . umontreal . ca
",0
2530,"Subject: new linguistics journal - syntaxis
 
 announcement and call for papers january 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - syntaxis new international journal for the study of syntax editor : montserrat martinez vazquez ( university of huelva , spain ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - in 1998 the university of huelva press will start publishing a new international journal : syntaxis . syntaxis will be a forum to report results of research in the area of syntax . it will accept for publication high-quality papers following any approach to syntax - - functionalist or formalist . both synchronic and diachronic studies will be accepted , as well as analyses of one particular language or cross-linguistic studies . papers dealing with the acquisition of syntax will also be considered for publication . one of the goals of this journal is to serve as a medium for the transaction of ideas between linguists working within different theoretical frameworks . thus , honoring its greek name syntaxis which means "" putting together . "" further ideas for the journal are welcome from all members of the international community of syntax scholars . post it please help to make this new journal known to others by forwarding this message to colleagues and / or by posting it on the mailing lists or discussion groups you subscribe to . call for papers please send in your contributions ( preferably in english ) to the editor by the end of november 1998 . for further information , contact the editor , or visit the journal 's web page : montserrat martinez editor of syntaxis servicio de publicaciones de la universidad de huelva av . de las fuerzas armadas s / n e - 21007 huelva montse @ uhu . es http : / / philologia . uhu . es / philologia / revistas / syntaxis / framesyn . htm
",0
2531,"Subject: new books : bilingualism
 
 john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new titles in the field of language acquisition : government and code switching explaining american finnish helena halmari 1997 xvi , 276 pp . studies in bilingualism , 12 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 546 x price : us $ 89 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 4118 x price : hfl . 178 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com bilingual codeswitching is a complex , multifaceted phenomenon , which calls for explanations on several different linguistic levels . this volume focuses on one such level : the level of syntax . an explanation for the regularities and consistencies in the codeswitching patterns of american finns in their spontaneous conversations is sought for in the universal grammar - based principle of government as realized in case-assignment and agreement relations . a bulk of the finnish - english intrasentential data get their explanation on the structural , hierarchical level , but this level of syntax is found to be interestingly intertwined with sociolinguistic , psycholinguistic , and discourse levels , which all contribute to variation in codeswitching patterns . the proposed principle of government is seen as one important explanation in typologically certain kinds of language pairs such as finnish and english ; however , this principle is not treated as a monolithic constraint , bur rather as the leading tendency which is occasionally overridden by other than syntactic forces . the volume is intended as a complement - not as a contradiction - to earlier explanations of codeswitching phenomena . its main message is : while all linguistic levels contribute to the construction of bilingual speech , the importance of syntax can not be ignored . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
",0
2532,"Subject: afro - asiatic languages
 
 fourth conference on afro-asiatic languages centre of african studies school of oriental & african studies london 25-27 th june 1998 invited speakers * : robert hoberman , suny john saeed , tcd baye yimam , aau * paul newman regrets that due to unforeseen circumstances he will be unable to attend as guest speaker as previously advertised . thursday , june 25 welcome by prof . r . j . hayward 09 : 00-10 : 00 robert hoberman , state university of new york : what is a binyan : maltese verb morphology 10 : 00-10 : 20 break 10 : 20-11 : 00 tali siloni , tel - aviv university : phonological case checking domain : the case of genitive 11 : 00-11 : 40 nili mandelblit , university of paris 7 : blending in hebrew causatives 11 : 40-12 : 20 mohamed naji , universities of paris x & viii : on the nature of the participial structures : the case of the semitic active participle 12 : 20 - 2 : 00 lunch 2 : 00 - 2 : 40 ruth kempson & malcolm edwards , soas & birkbeck college : resumptive pronouns in arabic & english 2 : 40 - 3 : 20 sabrina bendjaballah , university of paris 7 : some aspects of palatalization in somali 3 : 20 - 4 : 00 alain kihm , cnrs , paris : the berber construct state as subject marking 4 : 00 - 4 : 20 break 4 : 20 - 5 : 00 sharon rose , university of california - san diego : triple take : tigre and the case of internal reduplication 5 : 00 - 5 : 40 giuliano lancioni , university of rome 1 : noun phrases in amharic & standard arabic 5 : 40 - 6 : 20 hagit borer , university of southern california : the argument structure of causatives : a top - down approach 6 : 30 drinks party hosted by soas linguistics dept . friday , june 26 09 : 00-10 : 00 john saeed , trinity college dublin : 10 : 00-10 : 20 break 10 : 20-11 : 00 chris reintges , holland institute of generative linguistics : the correlation of verb movement , event semantics and subject agreement in older egyptian 11 : 00-11 : 40 david swinburne , soas : ' copular pronouns ' and the dynamics of hebrew 11 : 40-12 : 20 jamal ouhalla , queen mary & westfield , london : possession in sentences & in noun phrases 12 : 20 - 2 : 00 lunch 2 : 00 - 2 : 40 jacqueline lecarme , cnrs , nice : gender ' polarity ' and the nature of nominal number 2 : 40 - 3 : 20 james roberts , summer institute of linguistics - chad : feature spreading in mokulu noun plurals 3 : 20 - 4 : 00 mara frascarelli , university of rome 3 : long movement , "" that-trace "" effects and antiagreement in somali 4 : 00 - 4 : 20 break 4 : 20 - 5 : 00 degif petros , mit : classifying the subject agreement suffixes of semitic 5 : 00 - 5 : 40 edit doron , hebrew university , jerusalem : the passive participle in hebrew 5 : 40 - 6 : 20 business meeting 8 : 00 dinner saturday , june 27 09 : 00-10 : 00 baye yimam , addis ababa university : agreement phenomena in amharic 10 : 00-10 : 20 break 10 : 20-11 : 00 miriam engelhardt , hebrew university , jerusalem : definiteness and the construct form 11 : 00-11 : 40 shuly wintner , university of tbingen : definiteness agreement & inheritance in hebrew 11 : 40-12 : 20 melanie green , queen mary & westfield , london : the focus properties of copular sentences 12 : 20 - 2 : 00 lunch 2 : 00 - 2 : 40 ur shlonsky , university of geneva : copular constructions & subject positions in hebrew 2 : 40 - 3 : 20 philippe sgral , university of paris 7 : on phonological processes in the "" 3rd conjugation "" of somali 3 : 20 - 4 : 00 marco svolacchia & annarita pugielli , university of rome 3 : polysynthesis in east cushitic 4 : 00 - 4 : 20 break 4 : 20 - 5 : 00 abdellah chekayri & tobias scheer , al - akawayn university : the appearance of glides in classical arabic defective verbs 5 : 00 - 5 : 40 jean lowenstamm , university of paris 7 : the feminine & impersonal in chaha 5 : 40 - 6 : 20 abdelkader fassi fehri , mohammed v university : on strict adjacency in vs & nposs sequences conference site the conference * is hosted by the school of oriental and african studies . conference sessions will take place in the lower ground floor lecture theatre of the main building at soas . soas is located on the north-west corner of russell square . the nearest tube station is russell square on the piccadilly line . goodge st . on the northern line , euston square on the circle and metropolitan and euston main line station are 10 minutes walk away . * the conference is financed through the research committee of the school of oriental & african studies and the summer institute of linguistics . local committee : prof . r . j . hayward , dr . b . ingham , dr . j . ouhalla , ms . d . perrett . fees participants will be asked to pay a daily fee of 5 to cover conference expenses . accommodation accommodation will be arranged at dinwiddy house , the soas students residence , in single study bedrooms with en-suite shower , toilet and handbasin . rooms will be available from wednesday 24th june at 22 per night for bed & breakfast . please confirm your reservation as soon as possible using the accommodation form below . dinwiddy house is located on pentonville road not far from kings cross station 10-15 minutes walk from soas . participants will need to make their own way , on foot or by local transport ( 73 bus ) , to the conference site each day . details of hotel accommodation in the russell square area can be supplied on request . all correspondence should be addressed to : denise perrett , centre of african studies , school of oriental & african studies , russell square , london , wc1h 0xg tel : 0181-964 - 9141 fax : 0171-323 - 6254 e-mail : cal @ soas . ac . uk accommodation form please indicate below which accommodation options you want to take . it may also help us to know your travel plans . please complete the form and e-mail it to cal @ soas . ac . uk name : e-mail address : 1 . i wish to book bed & breakfast accommodation at dinwiddy house at 22 / twenty two pounds sterling per night ( payable on arrival ) for the following nights - 24th june yes / no 25th june yes / no 26th june yes / no 27th june yes / no 2 . i would like to receive information on hotel accommodation in the russell square area . yes / no 3 . i have made independent accommodation arrangements . yes / no 4 . i plan to travel by - airport : arrival date : arrival time : flight no : air _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ train _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 . i require information on ( other , please specify ) : travel to london ( directions designed for destination soas residence . ) arriving by air : heathrow - underground piccadilly line to king 's cross . gatwick - rail link to king 's x . luton - rail link train to king 's x . city - docklands railway & underground connections . arriving by rail : waterloo - from eurostar terminal change to underground for king 's x ( northern line to leicester square change to piccadilly for king 's x or bakerloo changing to piccadilly line at piccadilly circus ) . other main line stations - change to underground for connections to king 's x . arriving by car : directions available on request . car parking is a major problem in central london . taxis : metered cab ranks at all airports and main line stations . the walk from king 's cross station to dinwiddy house is 0 . 5 km . those with heavy luggage may prefer to take a taxi from the station .
",0
2533,"Subject: third international icsc symposia
 
 third international icsc symposia on intelligent industrial automation ( iia ' 99 ) http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca / iia99 . htm and soft computing ( soco ' 99 ) http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca / soco99 . htm june 1 - 4 , 1999 at the palazzo ducale in genova , italy introduction the international symposia on intelligent industrial automation ( iia ' 99 ) and soft computing ( soco ' 99 ) intend to encompass short-to - long-term effects of advanced information technology , soft computing and other related ' intelligent technolgies ' in application fields such as industrial automation , control , diagnostics , computer vision , robotics , speech recognition and machine translation . the general aim of the symposia is to address and underline the existing and emerging relationships between automation , manufacturing and intelligent technolgies , with particular emphasis on soft computing . contributions are sought on intelligent automation and manufacturing with emphasis on current and potential applications , with a broad interest in all the engineering disciplines , computer science and related technology fields . following the success of iia / soco ' 96 ( reading , england ) and iia / soco ' 97 ( nmes , france ) , the third symposium will be held in genova , italy . the iia / soco series have established themselves as a platform for scientists and practitioners from academic , governmental and industrial institutions to discuss new developments and results in the field of intelligent technologies . a further follow-up conference has already been scheduled for the year 2001 in paisley , scotland . purpose of iia ' 99 and soco ' 99 advances in soft computing and related techniques : theory and applications . ait ( advanced information technology ) is one of the major technological drivers in the advancement of modern society . nowadays any major achievement , related to any field of research , is strongly supported by proper ait based tools . very often , such achievements have only been possible after a proper ait approach has been designed and implemented . it is widely known that ait has a very strong impact on society itself , radically changing the skills and competencies required in order to contribute to the everyday human environment . given that nowadays the major effort in ait development is spent in the so called ' soft - computing ' arena and that some of the major and indeed , surprising , achievements in industrial applications come from the application of soft-computing techniques , the two symposia ( iia ' 99 and soco ' 99 ) will have many common areas of interest , namely : - neural networks - fuzzy logic - genetic algorithms - chaos theory - ai and expert systems - machine learning - pattern recognition and image understanding the programs of the two conferences will , however , reflect different themes : - iia ' 99 will be directed toward the medium-to - short term , application driven , research area in intelligent technologies . - soco ' 99 is directed toward the long term research in area of soft computing in order to try to overcome the usual borderline existing between theory and application , the two symposia are run jointly , organized in a way to have partial overlap with some joint sessions and some common plenary sessions . aim of iia ' 99 / soco ' 99 1 . to give both a wide and a deep view of advances in ait advancement offered by soft-computing technologies . 2 . to give both the industrial and academic researcher the opportunity to discuss together real problems and opportunities . 3 . to collect ' best practice ' and information on how to perform experiments , tests and design products and processes embedding and / or using soft-computing technologies . 4 . to explicitly and actively function as a ' technology broker ' , giving the opportunity for people to become aware of new problems and possible solutions and giving the possibility of finding technological partners for joint research and / or future application programs . topics of iia ' 99 iia ' 99 will include contributions in the research area of soft computing application and , more in general , related to medium-to - short term and application driven developments advanced information technology and industrial intelligent technology . particular emphasis will be laid on industrial realization , experimental application , application methodology development and / or formalization , quantitative and qualitative problem modeling . contributions are sought mainly in the areas based on the list below : a ) industrial area - industry - energy - transportation - services - consumer - etc . b ) high - tech area - innovative control and diagnostics - computer vision - robotics and remote sensing - speech recognition and machine translation - etc . c ) green - tech area - intelligent resource management - intelligent pollutant management - user behavior modeling - intelligent traffic control - etc . topics of soco ' 99 soco ' 99 will include contributions on long term research ( theory development , enhanced approaches , formal methods comparisons , applications , etc . ) in the area of soft-computing . contributions are sought in areas based on the list below , which is indicative only . - neural networks - fuzzy logic - rough sets - genetic algorithms and evolutionary computing - chaos theory - ai and expert systems - probabilistic reasoning - machine learning - learning algorithms and intelligent control - pattern recognition and image understanding - distributed intelligence - self - organizing systems - fuzzy databases and information retrieval - educational aspects of soft computing special session a special session on ' intelligent systems in control and process optimization ' including a plenary lecture is sponsored by the ifs network and organized by alberto servida , italy . contributions are welcome . conference location the symposia will be held at the palazzo ducale , a beautiful historic building in the city centre of genova , italy sponsors iia ' 99 and soco ' 99 are sponsored by : - ansaldo s . p . a . - disi - department of computer and information sciences at the university of genoa , italy - commune di genova , italy - university of genova , italy - cybernetics and biophysics national group of the national research council - ieee neural network council italian regional interest group - international neural networks society and inns special interest group italy - thematic network ifs ( intelligent forecasting system for refineries and power systems ) - icsc international computer science conventions , canada / switzerland iia ' 99 symposium committee - honorary chair yutaka kuwahara , r & d centre , hitachi europe ltd . - symposium chair riccardo parenti , ansaldo ricerche , genova , italy - symposium vice chair colin fyfe , university of paisley , scotland , u . k . - scientific secretary carla penno , ansaldo ricerche , genova , italy - international scientific committee roberto baratti , italy zeungnam bien , korea piero bonissone , usa pierre borne , france hans - heinrich bothe , switzerland / germany abhay bulsari , finland daniele caviglia , italy vincent chapurlat , france raja chatila , france richard d . colbaugh , usa anna maria colla , italy clarence w . de silva , canada h . a . donegan , u . k . jos r . dorronsorro , spain patrick gallinari , france edoardo gilardi , italy madan m . gupta , canada henry h . hexmoor , usa r . j . howlett , u . k charles mclean , usa antony a . maciejewski , usa janine magnier , france franco masulli , italy fazel naghdy , australia saeid nahavandi , australia charles c . nguyen , usa david pearson , france duc t . pham , u . k . brian roffel , netherlands alberto servida , italy peter vas , u . k . leonello zaquini , italy jacek m . zurada , usa soco ' 99 symposium committee - honorary chair antonio di nola , university di napoli federico ii , naples , italy - symposium chair francesco masulli , university of genoa , italy - symposium vice chair colin fyfe , university of paisley , scotland , u . k . - international scientific committee henry abarbanel , usa ethem alpaydin , turkey peter g . anderson , usa valeriu beiu , usa gerardo beni , usa franco bignone , italy freimut bodendorf , germany andrej dobnikar , slovenia marco dorigo , belgium gerard dray , france marco gori , italy hans hellendoorn , netherlands laszlo koczy , hungary mohammad jamshidi , usa james keller , usa bart kosko , usa ludmila kuncheva , u . k . franz kurfess , usa sadaaki miyamoto , japan claudio moraga , germany pietro morasso , italy francesco carlo morabito , italy david w . pearson , france rjean plamondon , canada henrik saxen , finland george d . smith , u . k . nigel steele , u . k . leonard studer , switzerland yoshinori uesaka , japan call for papers prospective authors are requested to send a draft paper ( maximum 7 pages ) for review by the international scientific committee . all submissions must be written in english , starting with a succinct statement of the problem , the results achieved , their significance and a comparison with previous work , as well as a list of references . the submissions should also include : - title of conference ( soco ' 99 or iia ' 99 ) - type of paper ( regular , demonstration , tutorial or invited ) - title of proposed paper - authors names , affiliations , addresses - name of author to contact for correspondence - e - mail address and fax # of contact author - topics which best describe the paper ( max . 5 keywords ) - short c . v . of authors contributions are welcome from those working in industry and having experience in the topics of this symposium as well as from academics . symposium language is english . invited sessions , tutorial papers , demonstrations and contributions to the special session on ' intelligent systems in control and process optimization ' are also encouraged . submission of papers submissions must be sent by september 10 , 1998 either by - electronic mail ( recommended ) to operating @ icsc . ab . ca ( text , postscript or word files ) or - fax to icsc canada + 1-403 - 387-4329 or - airmail ( 2 copies ) to : icsc canada p . o . box 279 millet , ab t0c 1z0 canada important dates submission of draft papers : september 10 , 1998 notification of acceptance : november 30 , 1998 delivery of final papers : january 31 , 1999 tutorials and workshops : june 1 , 1999 iia ' 99 / soco ' 99 symposia : june 2 - 4 , 1999 further information for more detailed information , please consult the following websites : - iia ' 99 : http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca / iia99 . htm - soco ' 99 : http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca / soco99 . htm or forward any questions to the conference organizer mailto : operating @ icsc . ab . ca conference organizer icsc international computer science conventions p . o . box 279 millet , alberta t0c 1z0 canada email : mailto : operating @ icsc . ab . ca url : http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca fax : + 1-403 - 387-4329 ( after january 25 , 1999 : + 1-780 - 387-4329 ) phone : + 1-403 - 387-3546 ( after january 25 , 1999 : + 1-780 - 387-3546 )
",0
2534,"Subject: 1999 genetic and evolutionary computation
 
 invitation to become a member of the program committee for the 1999 genetic and evolutionary computation conference ( gecco-99 ) http : / / www-illigal . ge . uiuc . edu / gecco / greetings : the 1999 genetic and evolutionary computation conference ( gecco ) would like to invite recent authors of papers related to genetic and evolutionary computation ( gec ) to become members of the program committee of the gecco conference to be held on july 13-17 , 1999 in orlando , florida . as you may know , the 1999 genetic and evolutionary computation conference ( gecco ) will be a combined meeting of the eighth international conference on genetic algorithms ( icga ) and the fourth annual genetic programming conference ( gp ) in cooperation with the american association for artificial intelligence ( aaai ) , parallel problem solving from nature ( ppsn ) steering committee , the international conference on evolvable systems ( ices ) steering committee , and other organizations and conferences to be announced . gecco will be held in lieu of icga-99 and gp-99 , and as such , it combines the oldest continuously running gec conference , and the two largest gec conferences . we believe that the gecco conference in 1999 will be a unique opportunity to bring together an exceptionally large number of people from all facets of genetic and evolutionary computation . being on the program committee will involve reading , reviewing , and ranking about half a dozen submitted papers on genetic and evolutionary computation or related areas during the month of february 1999 . ( the paper submission deadline for gecco-99 is wednesday , january 27 , 1999 ) . the willingness of active contributors to help the conference in this way is absolutely critical to the success of gecco . in the past , some have complained that their point of view has been excluded from the review process . by agreeing to join us , active gec researchers will help make the gecco review process fair , open , and broadly participatory . as part of the charter establishing this conference , extraordinary steps have been taken to ensure that ( 1 ) review representation is exceptionally broad and ( 2 ) the traditions , norms , and standards of the different flavors of gec are respected . let us take a brief moment to explain how this will be done . first , the charter of the conference says that reviewers are automatically invited based on their recent contribution of a peer-reviewed publication : a person may be a reviewer for the conference if he or she is an author of at least one peer-reviewed paper in a journal , conference proceedings book , or collected book of papers published since january 1 , 1995 involving any aspect or combinations of aspects of [ genetic and ] evolutionary computation . thus , becoming a reviewer is even-handedly based on recency of peer-reviewed contribution . second , gecco explicitly recognizes and respects the different traditions of different sub-fields within gec and related disciplines . as such , the conference has established six different tracks each with its own chair / editor : 1 . evolution strategies / evolutionary programming ( es / ep ) . a . e . eiben , gusz @ wi . leidenuniv . nl 2 . genetic algorithms / classifier systems ( ga / cs ) . robert e . smith , rsmith @ btc . uwe . ac . uk 3 . genetic programming / evolvable hardware ( gp / eh ) . wolfgang banzhaf ( also proceedings editor - in - chief ) , banzhaf @ ls11 . informatik . uni-dortmund . de 4 . artificial life , adaptive behavior , and agents ( aaa ) . vasant honavar , honavar @ cs . iastate . edu 5 . dna and molecular computing ( dna / mc ) . max h . garzon , mgarzon @ memphis . edu 6 . real - world applications ( rwa ) . mark jakiela , mjj @ mecf . wustl . edu these separate "" demes "" will establish separate rules and standards for paper acceptance based on the practices within the sub-discipline . in this way , we hope to more closely group "" birds of a feather "" and thereby avoid the rejection of high quality papers by reviewers who are less than familiar with the standards that should apply to a particular kind of paper . with this kind of carefully constructed process , we believe that a large number of recent gec authors will choose to join the program committee . if you are willing to be a member ( reviewer ) of the program committee , please email gecco @ aaai . org ( note : please do not use a "" reply "" command to respond to this message since dave goldberg will be out of town for most of june ) and send the following information : ( 1 ) the exact way you want your name listed , ( 2 ) the institutional affiliation you want listed with your name , ( 3 ) your physical mailing address , ( 4 ) your phone number ( for courier address labels ) , ( 5 ) your preferred e-mail address , ( 6 ) which of the six committees you would like to join ( gp / eh , ga / cs , or es / ep , aaa , dna / mc , or rwa ) , and if you have a preference for one of the sub-categories within that committee ( gp and / or eh , ga and / or cs , es and / or ep , alife and / or adaptive behavior and / or agents , dna and / or mc ) . ( 7 ) the title , date , and publication name of a peer-reviewed gec or related paper ( published after january 1 , 1995 ) that qualifies you as a member of the gecco committee ( a complete citation is unnecessary ) . authors who choose to join the gecco program committee will be acknowledged in the conference proceedings as well as in various editions of the calls for papers , the conference brochure , and advertising . physical copies of the papers will be sent to reviewers by ups courier service in late january 1999 , and the review form will be sent by e-mail . reviewers will be given several weeks to read and review the papers . reviews are returned by e-mail directly to the aaai . the reviewer 's name is removed from the message by the aaai before the review is forwarded to the chair of the appropriate track and ( eventually ) the submitting author . if a reviewer 's physical mailing address or e-mail address changes between now and february 1999 , the conference office ( gecco @ aaai . org ) should be notified as soon as possible . although the conference is over a year away , we already have an outstanding lineup of chairs , editors , senior members , and tutorial speakers ( see http : / / www-illigal . ge . uiuc . edu / gecco / ) . the editors / chairs have already been mentioned , but among those joining us as senior committee members are thomas baeck , hans - georg beyer , michael conrad , ingo rechenberg , guenter rudolph , bir bhanu , bill p . buckles , runwei cheng , marco colombetti , herbert dawid , marco dorigo , emanuel falkenauer , mitsuo gen , randy l . haupt , sue ellen haupt , john h . holland , kim f . man , dirk c . mattfeld , zbigniew michalewicz , melanie mitchell , k . s . tang , michael d . vose , david andre , vladan babovic , forrest h bennett iii , tobias blickle , dimitris c . dracopoulos , frank d . francone , andreas geyer - schulz , wolfgang a . halang , hitoshi iba , christian jacob , martin keane , robert e . keller , john r . koza , sam kwong , w . b . langdon , peter nordin , and moshe sipper . among those joining us for an extensive offering of tutorials are rik belew , forrest h bennett iii , lawrence davis , kalyanmoy deb , ken dejong , stephanie forrest , max garzon , tetsuya higuchi , john r . koza , w . b . langdon , jean - arcady meyer , melanie mitchell , randy c . murphy , peter nordin , i . c . parmee , guenter rudolph , hans - paul schwefel , leigh tesfatsion , michael vose , darrell whitley , and stewart wilson . other workshop and tutorial proposals as well as ideas for invited speakers and other activities may be sent to the business committee ( deg @ uiuc . edu or koza @ cs . stanford . edu ) . as active researchers ourselves , we understand that it is difficult to take time away from research for the "" administrivia "" of the reviewing process . but researchers are often the first to complain when their conferences are guided by "" political "" not "" scientific "" considerations . therefore we ask that all qualified committee candidates take this invitation very seriously , and we urge you to step up to the plate to make sure that the technical content of this conference is guided by our field 's active contributors ( qualified reviewers should send an email with the requested information above to gecco @ aaai . org ; please do not use a "" reply "" command to answer this message ) . names of reviewers who respond before july 1 , 1999 will be published in the first call for papers . moreover , we issue a special invitation to past authors to consider submitting to gecco 99 . although gecco is a new entity it is the combine of the oldest and the two largest , high-quality conferences in the field of genetic and evolutionary computation . with six separate demes for different styles of work and a participatory review process , we expect an unusually author-friendly conference . additionally , past attendance at icga and gp suggests that we should have over 600 researchers in attendance , but we will take steps to make sure that there is plenty of time for face-to - face meeting and interaction as well . in short , we believe that gecco-99 will be a special event for the community of genetic and evolutionary computation . we hope you can take the time to join us in the review process and we welcome your paper submission , but in any event we look forward to seeing you in orlando , july 13-17 , 1999 at gecco-99 . thank you , david e . goldberg ( illinois ) gecco-99 conference chair and business committee and john r . koza ( stanford ) gecco-99 business committee note : again , please do not use a "" reply "" command to answer this message . instead , respond to gecco @ aaai . org for fastest handling .
",0
2535,"Subject: anglo - american studies
 
 first announcement and call for papers for the 1999 issue of op . cit . : a journal of anglo - american studies , published by apeaa , the portuguese association for anglo - american studies modernisms and postmodernisms in english studies : accounting for the century the 20th century has witnessed the growth , developments and border-crossings of english studies as a major , complex , multidisciplinary , multicultural field . alongside ( not seldom in dialogue and confrontation with ) the established english of literary studies , for many decades dominant in many ways and places , also language and culture studies have , with their various disciplines , methods and perspectives , moved centre-stage and re-shaped , re-defined , and re-orientated the field . it is the history of english studies in the century now drawing to its close that op . cit . : a journal of anglo - american studies invites prospective contributors to focus on and study : its significant chapters , individual authors and intellectual formations , periods and theoretical constellations ; its disciplinary , interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary modes and approaches , its dominant , residual and emergent strategies and discourses ; its established and new linguistic codes ( english vs . english ) ; its horizons , mappings and accents ; its institutionally constituted scholarship ( s ) and its innovative projects . the theme proposed , modernisms and postmodernisms in english studies : accounting for the century , offers one version of the narrative of beginnings , transitions and changes in english studies in our century , one starting point for analysis , and one opportunity for alternative versions . deadline for 2 - 3 , 000 - word position and 7 - 8 , 000 - word papers : sept . 30 , 1998 . submissions in diskette and two hard copies . op . cit . is a refereed journal . all contributions should be submitted anonymously ( author 's name and address , and full title of the article on a separate sheet ) for more information contact alvaro pina , editor , ferpi @ mail . telepac . pt carlos a . m . gouveia , assistant editor , carlosmg @ fc . ul . pt material mail address : prof . alvaro pina ( or prof . carlos a . m . gouveia ) depto estudos anglsticos , faculdade de letras , universidade de lisboa cidade universitaria 1699 lisboa codex , portugal fax no . + 351 - 1-7960063 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - carlos a . m . gouveia dept . estudos anglisticos faculdade de letras da univ . de lisboa cidade universitaria 1699 lisboa codex portugal fax : ( 351 ) ( 1 ) 796 00 63 e-mail : carlosmg @ fc . ul . pt
",0
2536,"Subject: semantics
 
 we would like to bring to your attention to two new publications from john benjamins publishing in the field of semantics : adverbs of degree in dutch and related languages henny klein 1998 x , 232 pp . lingvistic aktuell / linguistics today , 21 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 905 8 price : us $ 62 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 2742 x price : nlg 124 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com adverbs of degree form an intriguing part of the lexicon : numerous , multiform and ever-changing with a great variety in distribution . in this study , the characteristics of adverbs of degree are investigated from a semantic point of view . the main focus is on dutch , but previous studies about english and german adverbs of degree are used to compare with and to build on . topics include absoluteness versus gradability , positive versus negative evaluation , the strengthening of negation , polarity sensitivity , the logical properties of the adverbs themselves , and restrictions to reduplication and stacking . besides the main text , three case studies are presented in which the peculiarities of some of the adverbs are investigated in depth to show more in detail the complexities of their distribution . recent trends in meaning-text theory leo wanner , ed . 1998 xx , 202 pp . studies in language companion series , 39 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 925 2 price : us $ 59 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3042 0 price : nlg 118 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com the present volume contains articles of well-known representatives of meaning - text theory ( mtt ) and other related linguistic theories . the focus of the volume is on semantics , semantic representation and relation of semantics to surface in mtt . founded by i . mel ' cuk and a . zholkovsky in the sixties in moscow , mtt soon became known in the west as a "" prominent outsider "" theory . the picture has changed since then , though , as mtt gained importance in several areas of linguistics and computational linguistics . it has influenced the design of new grammar formalisms such as dependency tree grammars . also , specific parts of mtt have been directly taken into other theories ; as , for example , the work on integrating lexical functions into pustejovsky 's generative lexicon . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
",0
2537,"Subject: new books : translation
 
 john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new titles in the field of translation : translation and creation . readings of western literature in early modern china , 1840-1918 david e . pollard ( ed . ) 1998 vi , 336 pp . benjamins translation library , 25 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 709 8 price : us $ 85 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 1628 2 price : nlg 170 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com in the late qing period , from the opium war to the 1911 revolution , china absorbed the initial impact of western arms at first , then manufactures , science and culture - in that order . this volume of essays deals with the reception of western literature in china , on the evidence of translations made . having to overcome chinese assumptions of cultural superiority , the perception that the west had a literature worth notice grew only gradually . it was not until the very end of the 19th century that a translation of a western novel ( la dame aux camelias ) achieved popular acclaim . but this opened the floodgates ; in the first decade of the 20th century , more translated fiction was published than original fiction . translators ' strategies and creativity . selected papers from the 9th international conference on translation and interpreting . in honor of jiri levy and anton popovic ann beylard - ozeroff , jana krlov & barbara moser - mercer ( eds . ) 1998 xiv , 230 pp . benjamins translation library , 27 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 711 x price : $ 65 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 1630 4 price : nlg 130 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this volume brings together a selection of papers presented at the ixth international conference on translation and interpreting , prague , september 1995 , co-organized by the institute of translation studies , charles university , prague , and the ecole de traduction et d ' interprtation , university of geneva . the conference was dedicated to the work of jiri levy and anton popovic and focused on the vital role played by translators ' strategies and their creativity in the translation process . contributions by : j . krlov and b . moser - mercer ; r . voyat ; g . quillard ; e . osers ; o . carbonell cortes ; e . hung ; m . morris ; d . tellinger ; z . jettmarova ; a . kruger ; j . milton ; a . pym ; r . van den broeck ; f . chaume varela ; z . fiser ; c . jurchott ; k . kinga ; e . nida ; g . hansen ; v . ivir ; l . gran ; i cenkova ; k . jonason ; r . mackenzie ; m . piotrowska ; a . riccardi ; s . roiss and j . weatherby ; b . alexieva . the changing scene in world languages . issues and challenges . marian b . labrum , ( ed . ) 1997 160 pp . ata scholarly monographs series , ix us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 628 8 price : $ 49 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3184 2 price : nlg 98 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com the 1997 ata volume brings together articles on translation practice into the 21st century . contributions deal with the information age , multilingualism in europe , english as a lingua franca , terminology standardization , translating for the media , and new directions in translator training . a comprehensive bibliography of dissertations makes this a useful reference tool . contributions by : p . bush ; t . cabre ; m . del camino ; c . dollerup ; o . diaz fouces ; m . gaddis rose ; d . hague ; m . labrum ; r . mayoral and d . kelly ; e . nida ; j . and d . smart . text typology and translation . anna trosborg , ( ed . ) 1997 xvi , 342 pp . benjamins translation library , 26 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 710 1 price : $ 89 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 1629 0 price : nlg 178 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this book breaks new ground in translation theory and practice . part i deals with methodological aspects and offers a typology of translations both as product and as process . part ii is devoted to domain-specific texts in a cross-cultural perspective , while part iii is concerned with terminology and lexicon as well as the constraints of mode and medium involving dubbing and subtitling as translation methods . sonnets , sagas , fairy tales , novels and feature films , sermons , political speeches , international treaties instruction leaflets , business letters , academic lectures , academic articles , medical research articles , technical brochures and legal documents are but some of the texts under investigation . in sum , this volume provides a theoretical overview of major problems and possibilities as well as investigations into a variety of text types with practical suggestions that deserve to be weighted by anyone considering the relation between text typology and translation . the volume is indispensable for the translator in his / her efforts to become a "" competent text-aware professional "" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
",0
2538,"Subject: inversion in romance
 
 call for papers twenty years after the publication in linguistic inquiry of richard kayne and jean - yves pollock 's influential article on stylistic inversion , the university of amsterdam will host a workshop on inversion in the romance languages . the goal of this workshop is to get a clear picture of the insights the last twenty years have produced with respect to the syntactic and interpretative principles that govern inversion and the way they interact . inversion in romance university of amsterdam 28 - 29 may 1998 holland institute of generative linguistics ( hil ) utrecht institute of linguistics ( uil ) keynote speakers : richard kayne & jean-yves pollock adriana belletti k . tarald taraldsen maria luisa zubizarreta also scheduled are presentations by sergio baauw , joao costa , joost dekkers , vieri samek - lodovici and maarten de wind . to enhance the scope of the workshop , the program will include 6 presentations by selected speakers . these presentations are allotted approximately 30 minutes . those who are interested in submitting a paper containing original work on any aspect of inversion in romance are invited to send 5 anonymous copies of an abstract not exceeding 2 pages , plus one camera-ready original containing the author 's name , address , affiliation and e-mail address . abstracts submitted by e-mail or fax within the deadline are accepted on condition that a camera-ready original is received within 1 week . deadline for submission of abstracts is 5 february 1998 abstracts should be sent to the following address : aafke hulk university of amsterdam e - mail : inversion @ let . uva . nl department of french phone : 31-20 - 5254635 spuistraat 134 fax : 31-20 - 5254429 1012 vb amsterdam , the netherlands more information can be found on the www : http : / / www . leidenuniv . nl / hil / confs / inversion organizing committee : aafke hulk , denis delfitto , joost dekkers , petra sleeman , els verheugd , maarten de wind . sponsors : royal dutch academy of sciences ( knaw ) , holland institute of generative linguistics ( hil ) , netherlands organization for scientific research ( nwo ) , utrecht institute of linguistics ( uil ) .
",0
2539,"Subject: lrec workshop announcement
 
 call for participation towards a european evaluation infrastructure for nl and speech . a workshop jointly organised by the european network of excellence in language and speech elsnet and the cec language engineering-4 project else to be held on wednesday may 27 , 9 : 00-13 : 00 at the first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain right now , a generic framework for semi-automatic quantitative black-box evaluation of speech and nlp systems does not exist in europe . when confronted to a choice , developers and users prefer to ask the opinion of local experts as any other way of processing is either unrealistic or too costly . the le4 project else aims at providing developers with a generic strategy and definition of the primary building blocks needed to implement a semi-automatic quantitative black-box evaluation scheme . prominent speakers from the field will be invited to present papers addressing motivation , advantages , but also problems in connection with the implementation of such an evaluation scheme at an international scale . topics include e . g . the multilingual nature of evaluation , lessons from the past ( in europe and the us ) , the need for language resources . at the workshop the first intermediate results of the else project will be presented and discussed . this call serves to invite interested parties to active participation in the workshop . during the workshop , ample opportunity will be provided for the participants to react to the presentation of the else project , and the talks by the invited speakers . furthermore participants will be given the opportunity to give brief position statements . the workshop is very timely as it takes place when the ec 's 5th framework programme is taking shape . it is clear that the availability of a european evaluation infrastucture can be an important factor in european r&d activities , and that it can only be successful if it is organized and implemented on a european scale . programme committee the workshop will be coorganized by elsnet and else . the programme committee will consist of the participants in the else le project : niels ole bernsen jean - pierre chanod khalid choukri robert gaizauskas steven krauwer isabelle de lamberterie joseph mariani klaus netter patrick paroubek martin rajman antonio zampolli contact steven krauwer trans 10 , 3512 jk utrecht , the netherlands phone : + 31 30 253 6050 fax : + 31 30 253 6000 email : steven . krauwer @ let . ruu . nl registration the registration fee for the workshop will be : 10 , 000 pesetas for those not attending lrec 5 , 000 pesetas for those attending lrec these fees will include a coffee break and the proceedings of the workshop . participation in the workshop will be limited by the venue . requests for participation will be processed on a first come first served basis . conference information general information about the conference can be found at : http : / / www . icp . inpg . fr / elra / conflre . html specific queries about the conference should be directed to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain tel : + 34 58 24 41 00 fax : + 34 58 24 41 04 email : reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es
",0
2540,"Subject: kbcs-98 call for papers
 
 k b c s-98 call for papers international conference on knowledge based computer systems national centre for software technology mumbai , india december 17-18 , 1998 the international conference on knowledge based computer systems will be held in mumbai , india during december 17-18 , 1998 . the conference is intended to act as a forum for promoting interaction among researchers in the field of artificial intelligence in india and abroad . there will be a one and a half day conference during december 17-18 , 1998 followed by a half day of post-conference tutorials on december 18 , 1998 . papers are invited on substantial , original and unpublished research on all aspects of artificial intelligence , including , but not limited to the following : o ai applications o ai architectures o automatic programming o cognitive modeling o expert systems o foundations of ai o genetic algorithms o information retrieval o intelligent agents o intelligent tutoring systems o knowledge acquisition o knowledge representation o machine learning o machine translation o natural language processing o neural networks o planning and scheduling o reasoning o robotics o search techniques o speech processing o theorem proving o uncertainty handling o vision format of submission authors should submit their papers , not to exceed 5000 words ( including figures and references ) either electronically or in hard copy . papers should be in english . papers should include an abstract of about 100-200 words in length . papers outside the specified length are subject to rejection without review . since reviewing will be "" blind "" , the authors ' names and affiliations along with the main area of the paper should be given only on a separate cover sheet . hard copy submissions should be sent in triplicate . papers in electronic form can be in any of the following formats : plain text , postscript , latex , microsoft word ( rtf format ) or wordstar . submissions in electronic form are preferred . call for tutorials proposals are invited for post-conference tutorials . tutorials will be half-day and will be held on december 18th , 1998 . the proposal should be presented in the form of a 200 - word abstract , one page topical outline of the content , description of the proposers and their qualifications relating to the tutorial content . send papers and tutorial proposals to the kbcs-98 secretariat . submission deadlines papers : o due : august 15 , 1998 o acceptance notification : october 10 , 1998 o camera ready copy due : november 15 , 1998 tutorial proposals : o due : august 30 , 1998 o acceptance notification : september 15 , 1998 o materials due : november 25 , 1998 for further information please refer to the kbcs-98 home page or write to the kbcs-98 secretariat . address kbcs-98 secretariat phone : + 91 ( 22 ) 620 1606 national centre for software technology fax : + 91 ( 22 ) 621 0139 gulmohar cross rd no . 9 e - mail : kbcs @ konark . ncst . ernet . in juhu , mumbai 400 049 , india url : http : / / konark . ncst . ernet . in / ~ kbcs / kbcs98 /
",0
2541,"Subject: using and acquiring the lexicon
 
 call for papers using and acquiring the lexicon utrecht university , december 12 ( workshop incorporated in going romance , december 10-12 ) . organizing committee : francis corblin ( paris 7 / rennes 2 ) , francine melka ( uil - ots / french ) , lea nash ( paris 8 ) , philip miller ( lille 3 ) , jan schroten ( uil - ots / spanish ) , henriette de swart ( uil - ots / french ) . invited speaker : hans kamp ( ims / stuttgart ) the workshop focuses on the lexicon in the romance languages . we welcome contributions from different theoretical perspectives . the following questions are of special interest : * how does the lexicon pair up syntax and meaning ? * what are the semantics and pragmatics of content categories and functional / grammatical categories ? * what is the role of the lexicon in the acquisition process ? abstracts are invited for thirty minute talks . abstracts should be anonymous , and should be no longer than two pages , including references and examples , with margins of at least 1 - inch , font size 11 / 12 . submissions are limited to a maximum of one individual and one joint abstract per author . please provide 8 anonymous abstracts and one camera-ready original containing title , author 's name and affiliation . submissions by e-mail or fax can be accepted , provided a camera-ready original is received within one week after the deadline . a separate card should contain the title of the paper , the author 's name and affiliation , address , telephone number , e-mail address and the indication ` lexicon ' . deadline for recept of abstracts : september 18 , 1998 abstracts should be sent to the following address : workshop lexicon going romance phone : 31-30 - 2536006 utrecht institute of linguistics ots fax : 31-30 - 2536000 utrecht university e - mail : workshop . romance @ let . uu . nl trans 10 web site : 3512 jk utrecht http : / / www-uilots . let . ruu . nl / conferences the netherlands
",0
2542,"Subject: ld ' 98 - call for participation
 
 ld ' 98 the first international workshop on labelled deduction freiburg , germany september 7 - 9 , 1998 http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for participation * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advanced program , registration , travel and accomodation information are available at the homepage of the workshop http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 aim and format to survey research in the field , and to allow researchers ( in logic , computer science , artificial intelligence , linguistics , etc . ) to exchange ideas , techniques and results . both finished work and work in progress will be reported . topics of interest papers on current research in all aspects of labelled deduction , including but not limited to : o logical modeling based on labelled deduction o formal metatheory for , or based on , labelled deduction o hybrid reasoners and combinations of logics based on labelling o automated reasoning , implementation , and system support o annotated logic programming o applications conference site institut fuer informatik of the university of freiburg . freiburg is a medieval town of about 200 , 000 inhabitants at the edge of the black forrest . the city is easily accessible , being within an hour from international airports in strasbourg and basel . there are also good connections ( hourly trains ) to airports in frankfurt and zurich , which are about 2 to 3 hours away . organizing committee david basin and luca vigano ` program committee david basin , institut fuer informatik , freiburg , germany marcello d ' agostino , universita ` di ferrara , italy dov gabbay , king 's college , london , uk sean matthews , max - planck - institut fuer informatik , saarbruecken , germany luca vigano ` , institut fuer informatik , freiburg , germany
",0
2543,"Subject: intelligent industrial automation ( iia ' 99 )
 
 third international icsc symposia on intelligent industrial automation ( iia ' 99 ) http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca / iia99 . htm and soft computing ( soco ' 99 ) http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca / soco99 . htm june 1 - 4 , 1999 at the palazzo ducale in genova , italy introduction the international symposia on intelligent industrial automation ( iia ' 99 ) and soft computing ( soco ' 99 ) intend to encompass short-to - long-term effects of advanced information technology , soft computing and other related ' intelligent technolgies ' in application fields such as industrial automation , control , diagnostics , computer vision , robotics , speech recognition and machine translation . the general aim of the symposia is to address and underline the existing and emerging relationships between automation , manufacturing and intelligent technolgies , with particular emphasis on soft computing . contributions are sought on intelligent automation and manufacturing with emphasis on current and potential applications , with a broad interest in all the engineering disciplines , computer science and related technology fields . following the success of iia / soco ' 96 ( reading , england ) and iia / soco ' 97 ( nmes , france ) , the third symposium will be held in genova , italy . the iia / soco series have established themselves as a platform for scientists and practitioners from academic , governmental and industrial institutions to discuss new developments and results in the field of intelligent technologies . a further follow-up conference has already been scheduled for the year 2001 in paisley , scotland . purpose of iia ' 99 and soco ' 99 advances in soft computing and related techniques : theory and applications . ait ( advanced information technology ) is one of the major technological drivers in the advancement of modern society . nowadays any major achievement , related to any field of research , is strongly supported by proper ait based tools . very often , such achievements have only been possible after a proper ait approach has been designed and implemented . it is widely known that ait has a very strong impact on society itself , radically changing the skills and competencies required in order to contribute to the everyday human environment . given that nowadays the major effort in ait development is spent in the so called ' soft - computing ' arena and that some of the major and indeed , surprising , achievements in industrial applications come from the application of soft-computing techniques , the two symposia ( iia ' 99 and soco ' 99 ) will have many common areas of interest , namely : - neural networks - fuzzy logic - genetic algorithms - chaos theory - ai and expert systems - machine learning - pattern recognition and image understanding the programs of the two conferences will , however , reflect different themes : - iia ' 99 will be directed toward the medium-to - short term , application driven , research area in intelligent technologies . - soco ' 99 is directed toward the long term research in area of soft computing in order to try to overcome the usual borderline existing between theory and application , the two symposia are run jointly , organized in a way to have partial overlap with some joint sessions and some common plenary sessions . aim of iia ' 99 / soco ' 99 1 . to give both a wide and a deep view of advances in ait advancement offered by soft-computing technologies . 2 . to give both the industrial and academic researcher the opportunity to discuss together real problems and opportunities . 3 . to collect ' best practice ' and information on how to perform experiments , tests and design products and processes embedding and / or using soft-computing technologies . 4 . to explicitly and actively function as a ' technology broker ' , giving the opportunity for people to become aware of new problems and possible solutions and giving the possibility of finding technological partners for joint research and / or future application programs . topics of iia ' 99 iia ' 99 will include contributions in the research area of soft computing application and , more in general , related to medium-to - short term and application driven developments advanced information technology and industrial intelligent technology . particular emphasis will be laid on industrial realization , experimental application , application methodology development and / or formalization , quantitative and qualitative problem modeling . contributions are sought mainly in the areas based on the list below : a ) industrial area - industry - energy - transportation - services - consumer - etc . b ) high - tech area - innovative control and diagnostics - computer vision - robotics and remote sensing - speech recognition and machine translation - etc . c ) green - tech area - intelligent resource management - intelligent pollutant management - user behavior modeling - intelligent traffic control - etc . topics of soco ' 99 soco ' 99 will include contributions on long term research ( theory development , enhanced approaches , formal methods comparisons , applications , etc . ) in the area of soft-computing . contributions are sought in areas based on the list below , which is indicative only . - neural networks - fuzzy logic - rough sets - genetic algorithms and evolutionary computing - chaos theory - ai and expert systems - probabilistic reasoning - machine learning - learning algorithms and intelligent control - pattern recognition and image understanding - distributed intelligence - self - organizing systems - fuzzy databases and information retrieval - educational aspects of soft computing special session a special session on ' intelligent systems in control and process optimization ' including a plenary lecture is sponsored by the ifs network and organized by alberto servida , italy . contributions are welcome . conference location the symposia will be held at the palazzo ducale , a beautiful historic building in the city centre of genova , italy sponsors iia ' 99 and soco ' 99 are sponsored by : - ansaldo s . p . a . - disi - department of computer and information sciences at the university of genoa , italy - commune di genova , italy - university of genova , italy - cybernetics and biophysics national group of the national research council - ieee neural network council italian regional interest group - international neural networks society and inns special interest group italy - thematic network ifs ( intelligent forecasting system for refineries and power systems ) - icsc international computer science conventions , canada / switzerland iia ' 99 symposium committee - honorary chair yutaka kuwahara , r & d centre , hitachi europe ltd . - symposium chair riccardo parenti , ansaldo ricerche , genova , italy - symposium vice chair colin fyfe , university of paisley , scotland , u . k . - scientific secretary carla penno , ansaldo ricerche , genova , italy - international scientific committee roberto baratti , italy zeungnam bien , korea piero bonissone , usa pierre borne , france hans - heinrich bothe , switzerland / germany abhay bulsari , finland daniele caviglia , italy vincent chapurlat , france raja chatila , france richard d . colbaugh , usa anna maria colla , italy clarence w . de silva , canada h . a . donegan , u . k . jos r . dorronsorro , spain patrick gallinari , france edoardo gilardi , italy madan m . gupta , canada henry h . hexmoor , usa r . j . howlett , u . k charles mclean , usa antony a . maciejewski , usa janine magnier , france franco masulli , italy fazel naghdy , australia saeid nahavandi , australia charles c . nguyen , usa david pearson , france duc t . pham , u . k . brian roffel , netherlands alberto servida , italy peter vas , u . k . leonello zaquini , italy jacek m . zurada , usa soco ' 99 symposium committee - honorary chair antonio di nola , university di napoli federico ii , naples , italy - symposium chair francesco masulli , university of genoa , italy - symposium vice chair colin fyfe , university of paisley , scotland , u . k . - international scientific committee henry abarbanel , usa ethem alpaydin , turkey peter g . anderson , usa valeriu beiu , usa gerardo beni , usa franco bignone , italy freimut bodendorf , germany andrej dobnikar , slovenia marco dorigo , belgium gerard dray , france marco gori , italy hans hellendoorn , netherlands laszlo koczy , hungary mohammad jamshidi , usa james keller , usa bart kosko , usa ludmila kuncheva , u . k . franz kurfess , usa sadaaki miyamoto , japan claudio moraga , germany pietro morasso , italy francesco carlo morabito , italy david w . pearson , france rjean plamondon , canada henrik saxen , finland george d . smith , u . k . nigel steele , u . k . leonard studer , switzerland yoshinori uesaka , japan call for papers prospective authors are requested to send a draft paper ( maximum 7 pages ) for review by the international scientific committee . all submissions must be written in english , starting with a succinct statement of the problem , the results achieved , their significance and a comparison with previous work , as well as a list of references . the submissions should also include : - title of conference ( soco ' 99 or iia ' 99 ) - type of paper ( regular , demonstration , tutorial or invited ) - title of proposed paper - authors names , affiliations , addresses - name of author to contact for correspondence - e - mail address and fax # of contact author - topics which best describe the paper ( max . 5 keywords ) - short c . v . of authors contributions are welcome from those working in industry and having experience in the topics of this symposium as well as from academics . symposium language is english . invited sessions , tutorial papers , demonstrations and contributions to the special session on ' intelligent systems in control and process optimization ' are also encouraged . submission of papers submissions must be sent by september 10 , 1998 either by - electronic mail ( recommended ) to operating @ icsc . ab . ca ( text , postscript or word files ) or - fax to icsc canada + 1-403 - 387-4329 or - airmail ( 2 copies ) to : icsc canada p . o . box 279 millet , ab t0c 1z0 canada important dates submission of draft papers : september 10 , 1998 notification of acceptance : november 30 , 1998 delivery of final papers : january 31 , 1999 tutorials and workshops : june 1 , 1999 iia ' 99 / soco ' 99 symposia : june 2 - 4 , 1999 further information for more detailed information , please consult the following websites : - iia ' 99 : http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca / iia99 . htm - soco ' 99 : http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca / soco99 . htm or forward any questions to the conference organizer mailto : operating @ icsc . ab . ca conference organizer icsc international computer science conventions p . o . box 279 millet , alberta t0c 1z0 canada email : mailto : operating @ icsc . ab . ca url : http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca fax : + 1-403 - 387-4329 ( after january 25 , 1999 : + 1-780 - 387-4329 ) phone : + 1-403 - 387-3546 ( after january 25 , 1999 : + 1-780 - 387-3546 )
",0
2544,"Subject: canadian assoc . of immersion teachers annual conference
 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . canadian association of immersion teachers annual conference ( 1998 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in collaboration with caslt and canadian parents for french "" hooked on immersion , it 's capital ! "" ottawa congress centre , ottawa , canada november 5 , 6 and 7 , 1998 information : suzanne fournier , acpi tel : 613 567 2223 fax : 613 230 5940 email : acpi @ magi . com ( preliminary programme available in july ; please contact acpi ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ drenie @ uottawa . ca _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dr delphine renie institut des langues secondes * second language institute universite d ' ottawa university , 600 king edward ottawa , on , k1s 4p6 , canada tel : 613 562 5800 ext 3414 fax : 613 562 5126
",0
2545,"Subject: program joint conf . formal grammar , hpsg and categorial grammar 1998
 
 please post joint conference on formal grammar , head-driven phrase structure grammar and categorial grammar august 14-16 , 1998 saarbruecken program in august 1998 , the tenth european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli x ) will be held in saabr \ "" { u } cken , germany , august 17-28 . the esslli summer schools have become a forum for work on formal grammar , encompassing the overlapping interests of work in formal linguistics , computational linguistics , and the role of logic and grammar formalisms . the joint conference on formal grammar , head - driven phrase structure grammar , and categorial grammar ( fhcg-98 ) , combining the 4th conference on formal grammar and the 5th conference on head - driven phrase structure grammar , will be held the weekend preceding the summer school , august 14-16 . the conference will include a special session on information packages with contributed papers and invited lectures by o enric vallduvi ( universitat pompeu fabra , barcelona ) o elisabet engdahl ( gothenborg university ) it will also contain a symposium on unbounded dependencies , with presentations by o anne abeille ( university of paris ) o michael moortgat ( utrecht university ) o ivan sag ( stanford university ) o ed stabler ( ucla ) o annie zaenen ( xerox research centre europe ) themes of interest include formal and computational syntax , semantics , and pragmatics ; head-driven phrase structure grammar and categorial grammar ; model-theoretic and proof-theoretic methods in linguistics ; constraint-based and resource-sensitive approaches to grammar ; and foundational , methodological and architectural issues in grammar . on the following pages , a detailed program of the conference is provided . registration for the conference should be done via the esslli x secretariat . the conference fee of dm 80 includes a copy of the conference proceedings . online registration for fhcg-98 can be arranged at http : / / www . dfki . de / events / hpsg98 / hpsg98 - mailform . html for joint registration covering both fhcg-98 and esslli x , consult http : / / www . dfki . de / lt / esslli / summerschool . html accommodation can be arranged via esslli x . program committee gosse bouma ( groningen , co - chair ) richard oehrle ( arizona , co - chair ) \ \ klaus netter ( dfki , local arrangments ) geert - jan kruijff ( prague , submissions ) anne abeille ( paris ) bob carpenter ( lucent bell labs ) john coleman ( oxford ) ann copestake ( csli ) mary dalrymple ( xerox parc ) elisabet engdahl ( g \ "" { o } teborg ) daniele godard ( lille ) erhard hinrichs ( t \ "" { u } bingen ) jack hoeksema ( groningen ) bob kasper ( ohio state ) andreas kathol ( uc berkeley ) shalom lappin ( london ) glyn morrill ( barcelona ) tsuneko nakazawa ( tokyo ) anton nijholt ( twente ) gertjan van noord ( groningen ) carl pollard ( ohio state ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * fhcg-89 program friday , august 14 , 1998 special session on information packaging i 9 . 30-10 . 00 rhematicity as a default information status enric vallduvi , universitat pompeu fabra , barcelona ( invited lecture ) 10 . 00-10 . 30 information packaging and information states elisabet engdahl , university of gothenburg ( invited lecture ) 10 . 30-11 . 00 a strong theory of link and focus interpretation herman hendriks , university of utrecht 11 . 00-11 . 30 break special session on information packaging ii 11 . 30-12 . 00 linkhood and multiple definite marking dimitra kolliakou , university of newcastle / hebrew university of jerusalem 12 . 00-12 . 30 unbounded dependencies and the syntactic realisation of information packaging theodora alexopolou , university of edinburgh 12 . 30-13 . 00 information repackaging petr kubon , simon fraser university 13 . 00-14 . 30 break special session on information packaging iii 14 . 30-15 . 00 topic , adverbial quantification , and backwards anaphora ileana comorovski , universite de nancy 2 15 . 00-15 . 30 information packaging in japanese john fry and stefan kaufmann , csli stanford 15 . 30-16 . 00 topic and focus structures : the dynamics of tree growth wilfried meyer - viol & ruth kempson , imperial college / university of london 16 . 00-16 . 30 break regular session i 16 . 30-17 . 00 french subject inversion and extraction contexts olivier bonami , daniele godard , jean - marie marandin , cnrs 17 . 00-17 . 30 towards a general theory of partial constituent fronting in german kordula de kuthy and detmar meurers , university of the saarland / university of tuebingen 17 . 30-18 . 00 a relational approach to relativization in turkish zelal gungordu and elisabet engdahl , bilkent university / university of gothenburg saturday , august 15 , 1998 regular session ii 9 . 30-10 . 00 minor and expletive pronouns frank van eynde , university of leuven 10 . 00-10 . 30 noun phrases as nps - - - the case of hebrew shuly wintner , university of tuebingen 10 . 30-11 . 00 determiners as nominal heads andreas kathol , university of california , berkeley 11 . 00-11 . 30 break regular session iii 11 . 30-12 . 00 case , obliqueness , and linearization in korean chan chung , dongseo university ( seoel ) 12 . 00-12 . 30 an informal sketch of a formal architecture for construction grammar paul kay , university of california , berkeley 12 . 30-13 . 00 ` a unified theory of scope ' revisited adam przepiorkowski , university of tuebingen / polish academy of sciences 13 . 00-14 . 30 break regular session iv 14 . 30-15 . 00 on certain properties of romanian auxiliary ( and modal ) verbs paola monachesi , university of utrecht 15 . 00-15 . 30 categories , prototypes , and default inheritance robert malouf , stanford university 15 . 30-16 . 00 looks like a trojan horse got into the argument structure emily bender and dan flickinger , stanford university 16 . 00-16 . 30 break regular session v 16 . 30-17 . 00 a point-based event phonology for the phonetics-phonology interface peter kuehnle and petra wagner , university of bielefeld 17 . 00-17 . 30 how to match the mismatch : prosody-syntax interface for japanese spoken sentences kei yoshimoto , tohoku university ( sendai , japan ) 17 . 30-18 . 00 morphosyntactic and morphological paradoxa in fox berthold crysmann , university of the saarland sunday , august 16 , 1998 regular session vi 10 . 30-11 . 00 a weakly context free facet of ligs jens michaelis , christian wartena , university of potsdam 11 . 00-11 . 30 a formal interpretation of relations and quantifiers in hpsg frank richter , manfred sailer , university of t "" ubingen 11 . 30-12 . 00 island effects in type-logical approaches to the minimalist program tom cornell , university of t "" ubingen 12 . 00-14 . 00 break symposium on unbounded dependencies 14 . 00-14 . 40 ivan sag , stanford university 14 . 40-15 . 20 annie zaenen , xerox research centre europe 15 . 20-16 . 00 anne abeille , university of paris 16 . 00-16 . 30 break 16 . 30-17 . 10 michael moortgat , university of utrecht 17 . 10-17 . 50 ed stabler , ucla 17 . 50-18 . 30 discussion : bob carpenter , lucent bell labs
",0
2546,"Subject: new books : generative studies
 
 we would like to bring to your attention to two new publications from john benjamins publishing in the field of generative studies : minimal words in a minimal syntax . word formation in swedish . gunlg josefsson 1998 ix , 199 pp . lingvistic aktuell / linguistics today , 19 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 903 1 price : us $ 75 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 2740 3 price : nlg 150 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com in minimal words in a minimal syntax the author combines a detailed description of the morphological structure of words in swedish with a new approach to theoretical morphology based on the minimalist program of chomsky ( 1995 ) ( as developed for syntactic structure ) . the x - bar theoretic approach to word structure of the principles and parameters framework is replaced by a rule free approach incorporating only merge and move as structure building devices . comparative studies in word variation . adverb , pronouns and clause structure in romance and germanic christopher laenzlinger 1998 x , 371 pp . linguistic aktuell / linguistics today , 20 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 904 x price : us $ 79 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 2741 1 price : nlg 158 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com the present book is a typological study in crucial portions of the grammars of french / romance and german / germanic . it starts by asking : "" what do adverbs , pronouns and full noun phrases have in common ? "" the work finds promising solutions to this question within the principles & parameter framework , on the basis of a well-defined formalization of ( i ) xbar - theory , ( ii ) checking theory , ( iii ) clause structure composition , and ( iv ) locality constraints on syntactic operations and relations . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
",0
2547,"Subject: new books : pragmatics & discourse
 
 we would like to bring to your attention to two new publications from john benjamins publishing in the field of pragmatics & discourse : deixis and information packaging in russian discourse . lenore grenoble 1998 xviii , 338 pp . pragmatics & beyond new series , 50 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 812 4 price : us $ 85 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 5063 4 price : nlg 170 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com the role deixis plays in structuring language and its relation to the context of utterance provides the focus for an examination of information packaging in russian discourse . the analysis is based on a model which interprets discourse as constituted by four interrelated frameworks - the linguistic text , the text setting , the text content and the participant framework . the function of discourse particles . a study with special reference to spoken standard french maj - britt mosegaard hansen 1998 xii , 418 pp . pragmatics & beyond new series , 53 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 815 9 price : us $ 85 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 5066 9 price : nlg 170 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this monograph aims to contribute to linguistic knowledge about the distribution and function of discourse particles , particularly with respect to a small group of particles which are highly frequent in contemporary spoken standard french . the author discusses categories of particles , instructional semantics , the difference between speech and writing , the delimitation of discourse units , competing approaches to discourse structure and to coherence , and methodology are discussed extensively . this is followed by an-depth corpus-based analyses of six french discourse particles , namely bon , ben , eh bien , puis , donc , and alors , as used in non-elicited native-speaker interaction . hedging in scientific research articles ken hyland 1998 x , 308 pp . pragmatics & beyond new series , 54 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 816 7 price : us $ 69 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 5067 7 price : nlg 138 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this is a comprehensive study of hedging in academic research papers , relating a systematic analysis of forms to a pragmatic explanation for their use . the study shows that the extensive use of possibility and tentativeness in research writing is intimately connected to the social and institutional practices of academic communities , and is at the heart of how knowledge comes to be socially accredited through texts . the study identifies the major forms , functions and distribution of hedges and explores the research article genre in detail to present an explanatory framework . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
",0
2548,"Subject: consciousness
 
 john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following title in the field of consciousness : language structure , discourse and the access to consciousness maxim i . stamenov , ( ed . ) 1997 xii , 340 pp . advances in consciousness research , 12 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 192 8 price : us $ 49 . 95 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 5132 0 price : nlg 100 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com the focus of this collective volume is on the mutual determination of language structure , discourse patterns and the accessibility to consciousness of mental contents of different types of organization and complexity . the contributions address the following problems , among others : the history of the interpretation of ' conscious ' and ' unconscious ' mind in the theoretical discourse of modern linguistics ; the determination of the structure of access of grammatical and lexical information to consciousness ; the development of cognitive complexity and control in ontogeny ; the pathologies of consciousness access in discourse comprehension and production the cognitive contextual prerequisites for the representation of meaning in consciousness ; the relationships between language structure and qualia in the phenomenology of experience ; the dialogical structure of intentionality and meaning representation , etc . contributions by : r . de beaugrande ; p . butchvarov ; s . chapman & h . ulatowska ; t . van dijk ; d . hillert ; r . langacker ; i . markova ; m . stamenov ; p . zelazo & d . frye . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
",0
2549,"Subject: meaning change - meaning variation
 
 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = call for papers = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = meaning change - meaning variation university of konstanz , germany february 24-26 , 1999 invited speakers : nicholas asher ( austin , usa ) johannes dlling ( leipzig , germany ) peter gaerdenfors ( lund , sweden ) dirk geeraerts ( leuven , belgien ) ulrike haas - spohn ( konstanz , germany ) ekkehart knig ( berlin , germany ) brigitte nerlich ( nottingham , uk ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = we are pleased to announce the workshop ' meaning change - meaning variation ' as part of the 21st annual meeting of the german society of linguistics ( dgfs ) in konstanz , germany ( http : / / dgfs99 . uni-konstanz . de ) . the workshop ' meaning change - meaning variation ' aims at bringing together researchers in formal semantics , cognitive semantics , historical linguistics and analytical philosophy in order to discuss questions of meaning change and meaning variation . historical linguists have developed impressing inventories of examples of meaning ( and other ) changes , documented in etymological lexica . cognitive semanticists often offer richer notions of "" meaning "" than the one traditionally used in formal semantics , notions which seem better fit to integrate a creative dimension . on the other hand , people working in a formal semantic framework should face the challenge posed to their completely static picture by diachronic meaning change . changes are , we think , not instances of common confusion or error . on the contrary , they are one evidence that language itself has to be seen as an ever evolving object , adapting to our ever changing view of the ( "" real "" ) world . specific areas of inquiry include , but are not limited to the following : * semi-productive lexical processes ( metonymy , polysemy , etc . ) * interaction of psychological , historical and linguistic facts in the development of new language stages * case studies in diachronic meaning change * grammaticalization and meaning change * polysemy and semantic fields * formal treatments of metaphor papers in german or english are invited from any of the mentioned fields . the papers should address semantic change or semantic variation from more than one aspect . papers that indicate an inherent interest in the perspective of other disciplines or that intend to bridge the approaches from different subfields are preferred . the deadline for receipt of abstracts is august 15 , 1998 please , send a one-page abstract ( preferably by email ) to : regine eckardt / klaus von heusinger fg sprachwissenschaft fach d 185 d-78457 konstanz germany email : { regine . eckardt ; klaus . heusinger } @ uni-konstanz . de we will also be happy to answer all further questions which might arise .
",0
2550,"Subject: transcription of continuous speech workshop
 
 coling-acl 98 workshop on partially automated techniques for transcribing naturally occurring , continuous speech august 16 , 1998 ( following acl / coling-98 ) university of montreal , montreal ( quebec , canada ) description - - - - - - - - - - the development of robust systems for speech analysis and synthesis depends crucially on the availability of well-annotated corpora of naturally occurring , continuous speech . yet existing speech corpora are rarely well-annotated . a key to proper annotation is the availability of partially automated systems for linking selected portions of a visual display of speech to the corresponding transcriptions . to be of practical use , such systems must be able to handle large files of digitized speech and they should permit transcriptions at different levels of analysis . this workshop is devoted to the presentation and discussion of papers and software demonstrations which reflect the current state of the art . the presentations address the development , use , and evaluation of such systems . registration - - - - - - - - - - - registration is now open for this workshop . registration details can be found at http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca registration befroe july 1 is 50 can ( 35 can for students ) for participants of the main conference . anybody wishing to attend only this workshop can do so by pre-registering the same way and submitting a fee of 150 can . preregistration is strongly advised . workshop program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - session 1 9 : 15 - 9 : 30 opening remarks nancy belmore concordia university 9 : 30-10 : 05 recognition of spontaneous speech ( invited talk ) peter stubley nortel 10 : 05-10 : 30 break session 2 10 : 30-11 : 05 towards multimodal spoken language corpora : transtool and synctool joachim nivre , elisabeth ahlsen , jens allwood , leif gronqvist , jenny holm , dario lopez - kasten , sylvana sofkova , kristina tullgren goteborg university 11 : 05-11 : 40 speech annotation by multi - sensory recording robert luk hong kong polytechnic university 11 : 40-12 : 15 how phone duration and segmental processing improve continuous speech signal labeling andre - obrecht , n . parlangeau , f . pellegrino universite paul sabatier - cnrs 12 : 15 - 1 : 15 lunch session 3 1 : 15 - 1 : 50 grapheme - to-phoneme transcription rules for spanish with application to automatic speech recognition and synthesis patrizia bonaventura , fabio giuliani , juan m . garrido , isabel orten cluster reply consultant , turin and universitat autonoma de barcelona 1 : 50 - 2 : 25 the value of minimal prosodic information caroline lyon and jill hewitt university of hertfordshire 2 : 25 - 3 : 00 taped demonstrations 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 break session 4 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 on - line demonstrations 4 : 00 - 5 : 00 round table discussion workshop organization sabine bergler department of computer science concordia university 1455 de maisonneuve blvd west montreal , qc h3g 1m8 e-mail trans98 @ cs . concordia . ca program committee nancy belmore sabine bergler john esling eric keller roland kuhn douglas o'shaughnessy ching y . suen
",0
2551,"Subject: conference ' lexicon in focus '
 
 the conference ' lexicon in focus ' , which is held by the sonderforschungsbereich ' theory of the lexicon ' ( located at the universities in duesseldorf , wuppertal and cologne - germany ) , takes place from august 17th through 19th , 1998 , in wuppertal . there will be three sections : - economy principles in the lexicon - lexical constraints and the generation of candidates - semantic composition within and outside of the lexicon for further details see http : / / www . phil-fak . uni-duesseldorf . de / sfb282 / lif98 . htm to register as a participant in the conference , please contact : stiebels @ phil-fak . uni-duesseldorf . de barbara stiebels heinrich - heine - universitaet duesseldorf
",0
2552,"Subject: correction to issue 9 . 870
 
 dear linguist subscribers , in issue 9-870 ( http : / / linguistlist . org / issues / 9 / 9-870 . html ) , a call for reviewers , we incorrectly omitted a publisher from the following citation . barbosa , fox , hagstrom , mcginnis and pesetsky eds . 1998 . optimality and competition in syntax . mit press and mitwpl . cambridge . this book is published jointly by mit press and the mit working papers in linguistics ( mitwpl ) . our sincere apologies to mit press and mitwpl for any inconvenience this may have caused . andrew carnie , review editor , the linguist list .
",0
2553,"Subject: review massaro 1998
 
 massaro , d . w . ( 1998 ) . perceiving talking faces : from speech perception to a behavioral principle ( mit press , cambridge , mass . ) . 552 pp . , 212 illus . , 1 cd-rom . $ 55 . 00 . reviewed byl noel nguyen , laboratory for psycholinguistics , fpse , university of geneva , switzerland ( nnguyen @ fapse . unige . ch ) . 1 synopsis 1 . 1 general outline this book is concerned with how multiple sources of information are processed in speech perception and , more generally , in pattern recognition . it is based upon an important research programme conducted by massaro and his colleagues over the last two decades . the book focuses on the perception of so-called bimodal speech , addressing a wide range of issues about the way in which visual information ( as provided by the speaker 's face ) and auditory information are combined with each other by the perceptual system . the scope of the book is much larger , however , as massaro 's purpose here is to describe and defend a new psychological law relevant to a wide variety of domains . in contrast to already well-established laws of the same kind ( e . g . weber 's law of perception ) , which are all unidimensional , the new principle is multidimensional , in that it describes how several factors impact behaviour . this principle is embodied in a computational model of pattern recognition , the fuzzy logical model of perception ( flmp ) , whose latest version is presented and discussed in detail . the flmp is systematically contrasted with alternative computational models , using a broad perceptual database as benchmark throughout the book . in a separate part , the book also deals with methods for synthesizing talking faces in experiments on bimodal speech perception , and introduces baldi , the talking face developed by massaro and his coworkers . the book is accompanied by a cd-rom which contains a series of demonstrations relating to many of the topics dealt with . the book is divided into four main sections . section 1 , "" perceiving talking faces "" , focuses on the perception of speech by ear and eye . massaro reviews the most significant empirical findings in that domain , discusses the main methodological issues , and presents a general classification of the existing computational models of bimodal speech perception . central to this section is the idea that speech perception obeys a general behavioural principle of integration between different sources of information . section 2 , "" broadening the domain "" , aims at assessing how well this principle holds up across broad individual and situational variability . the author demonstrates that inter-individual variations in how bimodal speech is perceived , depending on the listener 's age or native language for instance , can be accounted for within the flmp framework . using examples taken from different perceptual and cognitive situations , massaro also defends the idea that the flmp adequately describes information processing irrespective of these situational differences . section 3 , "" broadening the framework "" , opens with a presentation of an extended and more explicit version of the flmp , designed in particular to account for the dynamics of speech processing . the section also includes a detailed analysis of the methodological issues involved in assessing quantitative predictions in psychology , along with a discussion of the critiques expressed by other investigators about the flmp over the years . finally , section 4 , "" creating talking faces "" , is specifically dedicated to the synthesis of visual speech . 1 . 2 the new behavioural principle although many readers may already be familiar with massaro 's fuzzy logical model of perception , i shall here assume the contrary , and proceed to present a brief outline of the model . a central assumption of the flmp is that pattern recognition involves a common set of processes regardless of the specific nature of the patterns . speech is not seen as being associated with a dedicated processing module , as in the motor theory of speech perception ( liberman , 1996 ) for instance . on the contrary , the sensory information is assumed to be processed in the same way whether our brain is busy recognizing speech sounds , letters , or manual gestures , to take but a few examples . in any of these cases , the flmp postulates that mapping a stimulus into a unique perceptual category entails going through three main stages of processing , the feature evaluation stage , the feature integration stage , and the decision stage . the evaluation stage consists of converting the available sources of information into a set of properties referred to as features . each feature is given a continuous ( fuzzy truth ) value , and represents the degree to which the stimulus corresponds to each of a set of internal prototypical patterns , along a particular perceptual dimension . thus , one important visual feature in the perception of cv syllables is the degree of opening of the lips . the model therefore assumes that the internal prototypes available to the perceptual system will specify that the lips are open at the onset of the syllable for / da / , closed for / ba / , etc . in a second stage , the features are integrated with each other , so as to determine the overall degree of match of the sensory input with each of the prototypes ( e . g . each of the syllables known to the receiver ) . in the third and final stage , a decision is taken , on the basis of the relative goodness of match of the input with each prototype . the flmp makes a number of specific assumptions at each stage in this process . first , it hypothesizes that all of the available sources of information are simultaneously brought into play in pattern recognition . thus , visible speech and auditory speech are both assumed to have an influence on how bimodal speech is perceived . second , different sources of information are assumed to be evaluated independently of each other . this means for example that visible speech does not have any effect on how auditory speech is converted into a set of features , the two sources of information being combined at a later stage of processing only . the model also makes specific assumptions about how sources of information are integrated with each other ( multiplicative rule ) , and about how decisions are taken ( relative goodness rule ) . a major prediction of the model is that "" the influence of one source of information is greatest when the other source is neutral or ambiguous "" ( 19 ) . this prediction is best illustrated by an experiment whose results served as a database for testing models of pattern recognition on several occasions in the book ( chapters 2 and 11 ) . in this experiment , synthetic auditory stimuli ranging on a continuum between / ba / and / da / were crossed with visual stimuli also varying between / ba / and / da / . the bimodal stimuli were presented to subjects in a forced-choice identification task , along with each of the unimodal stimuli . ( this expanded factorial design is shown by massaro to be the most appropriate experimental design for determining how two sources of information are combined with each other in pattern recognition . ) for the bimodal stimuli , the main results are typically depicted as a two-factor plot , with the proportion of / da / responses on the ordinate , the levels of the auditory source of information on the abscissa , and a different curve for each of the levels of the visual source of information . when represented in that way , the results clearly show a statistical interaction between the two sources of information . specifically , the influence of one source of information proves to be larger in the middle , ambiguous range of the other source . this interaction graphically takes the shape of an american football , which is for this reason presented throughout the book as the hallmark of the the fuzzy logical model of perception . in summary , massaro proposes a universal principle of perceptual cognitive performance to explain pattern recognition . according to this principle , "" people are influenced by multiple sources of information in a diverse set of situations . in many cases , these sources of information are ambiguous and any particular source alone does not usually specify the appropriate interpretation . the perceiver appears to evaluate the multiple sources of information in parallel for the degree to which each supports various interpretations , integrate them together to derive the overall support for each interpretation , assess the support of each alternative based on all of the alternatives , and select the most appropriate response . "" ( p . 291 ) . 2 critical evaluation 2 . 1 general evaluation this book is clearly a major contribution to the study of speech perception and , more generally , to cognitive psychology . it is admirably clear and is written in quite an elegant manner . i do not doubt that the book will be read with great interest by research scientists from many different fields . this work is the result of an ambitious intellectual endeavour aimed at introducing a new behavioural law , which is placed by massaro on an equal footing with weber 's law of perception , or the power law of learning . speech scientists are presented with an extensive series of experiments on the perception of bimodal speech . whatever stance they take in that domain , they should find quite challenging massaro 's view that speech perception constitutes but one aspect of a much more general form of cognitive processing , namely pattern recognition . computer scientists working in the field of speech technology should be particularly interested in the book 's final section about the synthesis of visual speech . regardless of their background , readers should also find the book worth using as a tutorial on the experimental methods available for investigating speech perception . a great variety of experimental paradigms and tasks are discussed at length by massaro , who also extensively discusses the methods for assessing computational models of pattern recognition and , in particular , for fitting these models to observed results . in that respect , using the results of the experiment described above as a reference database was quite a good initiative in my view , as this allows the reader more easily to understand massaro 's point as new issues are raised , without having again to go through the details of the experimental design each time . the book should also prove an invaluable resource for teaching . care was taken to select prototypical results , as well as to set this work in its historical context . a number of rather fascinating anecdotes and historical references are given , going from mcgurk 's personal account of the discovery of the mcgurk effect , to an audio-visual rendition of the introduction to george miller 's seminal article on the ubiquitousness of the number 7 plus or minus 2 , with miller 's face texture-mapped onto baldi 's wire-frame head . the cd-rom that accompanies the book enables the reader directly to experience the psychological illusions associated with the perception of bimodal speech , and constitutes as such a most useful research and teaching tool . on the negative side , massaro 's use of the / ba / - / da / experiment as a leading strand throughout obviously results in the book being focused on the perception of non-sense syllables . although the interaction of visible speech and audible speech in word recognition is mentioned on a number of occasions ( e . g . pp 21-23 and pp . 181-182 ) , the book contains few suggestions as to how we perceive isolated words , let alone connected speech . i also was surprised by the fact that little place was devoted to presenting other current theories and models of speech perception . although models such as trace are mentioned on several occasions in the book , i think it is fair to say that the flmp is still given the lion 's share . the book also has some minor defects such as the absence of a list of figures , and the fact that some of the cd-rom bands ( 1 . 4 , 1 . 5 and 1 . 6 ) are referred to incorrectly in the text . the list of the cd-rom selections should have pointed to the pages where each band is referred to . in another domain , it would have been quite interesting to have the perceptual database used in the book made available on the cd-rom . although this would have probably required a substantial amount of additional work , i should also have found it useful to be provided with an interactive version of the main computational models discussed in the book ( flmp , the race model , the single channel model , etc . ) . the flmp model can be downloaded from massaro 's laboratory web site at santa cruz ( http : / / mambo . ucsc . edu ) , but it is currently distributed in fortran code which has to be modified and recompiled for each new set of data , an operation which is probably out of reach of many students in psychology or linguistics . 2 . 2 specific comments i am not familiar with all of the areas dealt with in this book , and will not hide the fact that this review is biased towards my own interests , namely the production and perception of auditory speech . the following comments more specifically concentrate on two issues relating to this area of research , the role of features in speech processing and the time course of speech processing . 2 . 2 . 1 features most useful are the extensive comments made by massaro about the status of features in his model ( see in particular chapter 2 and chapter 10 ) . i long have found it difficult to determine how close these features were to classical phonetic features . the book makes it clear to me that there is no direct relation between the former and the latter . as indicated above , the flmp postulates that there are three main stages of processing in pattern recognition : the feature evaluation stage , the feature integration stage , and the decision stage . specific assumptions are made in the model about how features are integrated with each other , and how a decision is taken depending on the outcome of this integration . from a set of feature values , therefore , the model will predict the probability of occurrence of each possible response ( e . g . "" ba "" and "" da "" ) . however , attention should be paid to the fact that these feature values are in no way derived from the stimulus . they are actually determined in an posteriori manner , from the subjects ' observed responses , using an algorithm ( stepit ) which allows the deviation between these responses and the predicted ones to be minimal . features are seen in the model as * free parameters * , whose values are set on the basis of the actual performance of the subject in the pattern recognition task , so as to make the model perform at its best , i . e . to maximize its goodness of fit . according to massaro , "" [ the model is ] * predicting * the exact * form * of the results , but * postdicting * the actual quantitative * values * that make up the overall predictions "" ( p . 294 , his emphasis ) . in other words , the stimulus is on no occasion explicitly mapped onto the internal features of the flmp model . in that respect , features as defined in the flmp look markedly different from phonetic features . let us take for example the opposition between / ba / and / da / , on which much emphasis is put in the book . acoustically , / b / and / d / are said to differ from each other according to the feature grave-acute , / b / being classified as grave and / d / as acute . as is the case with flmp features , grave and acute can be viewed as target values referring to prototypical stops . however , the grave-acute feature is explicitly defined in acoustical terms ( e . g . slope of the short-term spectrum at the release of the stop , see stevens & blumstein , 1978 ) . on the contrary , the exact nature of the flmp features remains undetermined , their values being subject to one main constraint which is to make the model account for the subjects ' responses as accurately as possible . thus , the acoustic structure of the stimulus is not directly taken into consideration in the estimation of the feature values . in the experiments using audible speech , flmp features do lend themselves to an acoustic interpretation . in the / ba / - / da / experiment for example , the prototypes for / ba / and / da / are assumed to include one auditory feature , namely the variations in frequency of the second ( f2 ) and third ( f3 ) formants at the onset of the vowel ( slightly falling f2-f3 for / da / , rising f2-f3 for / ba / ) . however , this interpretation stems from the fact that f2 and f3 onset frequencies were precisely the acoustic parameters manipulated by the experimenters to synthesize the auditory continuum between / ba / and / da / . in other words , the acoustic significance of the flmp features is derived from the way in which the experiment has been designed . the model does rely on a particular system of acoustic features ( see for example stevens & blumstein , 1978 , for an alternative system ) , but this system is embodied in the experimental design , and is as such external to the model itself . in practice , therefore , the issue of how speech sounds are mapped onto features is not addressed in the model . why this is so is not clear to me . on several occasions , massaro suggests that determining in advance how a given individual will convert a given stimulus into a set of feature values is simply out of our reach . this stimulus-to - feature mapping shows a variability which is said to be analogous to the variability of the weather : there are just too many previous contributions and influences to allow quantitative prediction ( 135 ) . a fundamental distinction is in fact established in the flmp between the intake of * information * , i . e . the stimulus-to - feature mapping , and * information processing * , i . e . how features are combined with each other and mapped into a response ( cf . p . 135 ) . while the flmp predicts that the information will be processed in the same way from one individual to the other , regardless of whether it relates to speech sounds , facial movements , manual gestures , etc . , it is assumed that the way in which this information is extracted from the stimulus is on the contrary subject to too many sources of variations to be accurately characterized ahead of time . in my understanding , this means that the so-called evaluation stage cannot be accounted for by the model , or at least not with much accuracy . however , at least on one occasion massaro does suggest that this limitation is not consubstantial with every model of perception and pattern recognition , and could be circumvented in some way . according to him , one could indeed "" easily hypothesize functions relating the feature values to the stimulus levels , [ although ] that would represent a * model of information * in addition to one of information processing "" ( 294 , my emphasis ) . this suggests that building such a model of information is feasible . whether there is a possibility of the flmp being completed with a model of this kind , i . e . an explicit stimulus-to - feature mapping stage , is an issue which remains to be addressed . 2 . 2 . 2 the time course of speech processing time plays quite a central role in different ways in the book . first , massaro shows how the flmp can be explicitly formalized to account for the dynamics of perceptual processing ( chap . 9 ) . this formalization is presented in reply to criticisms expressed by a number of investigators ( e . g . mcclelland , 1991 ) , who have pointed out that the flmp accurately characterizes the asymptotic outcome of the perceptual system ( e . g . the probability for a particular response to occur ) , but has little to say about the time course of processing . the dynamic version of the flmp is intended to address these reactions . in this version , the stimulus-to - feature mapping is assumed to take a certain amount of time . during this interval , the information about the stimulus gradually accumulates , and becomes increasingly accurate . it is assumed that accuracy increases as a negatively accelerated function of processing time , so that more information is gleaned early than late in the processing of the stimulus . one further assumption is that "" integration of the separate features [ is ] updated continuously as the featural information is being evaluated . similarly , decision [ can ] occur at any time after the stimulus presentation "" ( 259 ) . thus , there is a partial temporal overlap between the different stages of processing , in the sense that one process can begin before a previous process is finished ( see also figure 2 . 1 , p . 41 ) . these assumptions about the time course of information processing are supported by a number of experiments concerned with the effect of backward masking in the recognition of pure tones , and in the recognition of letters . speech obviously raises a number of specific issues in that domain , however . unlike written words , speech is a temporal phenomenon , it is continuous ( i . e . there are no systematic acoustic boundaries between phonemes , syllables , or words ) and , furthermore , time per se serves as a source of information in speech , as pointed out by massaro ( e . g . vowel duration is a major cue to the voicing of the following obstruent , to take but one example ) . somewhat regrettably , few indications are given about how the model could be assessed in the speech domain ( see remarks p . 194 and p . 263 ) . in addition to discussing the dynamics of processing , massaro examines how the temporal relations between sources of information are dealt with in pattern recognition . chapter 3 focuses on our sensitivity to temporal asynchronies between visible and audible speech . in the experiments reported in this chapter , bimodal cv syllables with various degrees of onset asynchrony between the auditory synthetic speech and the visible synthetic speech were presented to subjects in a forced-choice identification task . the results show that integration between the two sources of information still occurs when these sources of information are made asynchronous , provided that the time shift does not exceed a certain duration . one major challenge for phoneticians and psycholinguists alike is to characterize the relationship between what could be called the * external * dynamics of speech , i . e . the temporal organization of the speech signal , and the * internal * time course of speech processing . both play a role in the perception of speech , and it is most difficult to tell apart their respective influences on the listener 's behaviour ( samuel , 1996 ) . for example , in a gating study investigating the role of vowel duration as a cue to the voicing of the post-vocalic stop in cvc syllables , warren and marslen - wilson ( 1988 ) found that the proportion of voiced-coda responses increased as the listeners were presented with increasingly long portions of the initial cv sequence . one obvious interpretation is that longer vowels were perceived as being associated with voiced coda rather than voiceless ones . in keeping with massaro 's dynamical flmp , however , it may also be assumed that evaluating the information provided by the vowel takes time , and that the evidence pointing to a voiced coda gradually accumulates as more processing time is made available to the listener , all other things being equal . thus , the above finding raises the issue of how to differentiate the effect of vowel duration per se on the listener 's response , from that of the internal dynamics of processing . although this issue is not directly addressed in the book , there is no doubt that the flmp would constitute a most appropriate framework for further investigations in this domain . 2 . 3 general conclusion this book provides us with quite an extensive review of the work carried out by the author and others on the use of multiple cues in speech perception and , more generally , pattern recognition . it is aimed at a very large audience , and constitutes a most useful tool both for teaching and research purposes . i do not doubt that it will soon become a major reference for researchers in phonetics , psycholinguistics , and cognitive psychology . 4 bibliography liberman , a . m . ( 1996 ) . speech : a special code ( mit press , cambridge , mass . ) . mcclelland , j . l . ( 1991 ) . "" stochastic interactive processes and the effect of context on perception "" , cognitive psychology 23 , 1-44 . samuel , a . g . ( 1996 ) . "" the role of time during lexical access "" , journal of the acoustical society of america 100 , 4 / 2 , 2572 . stevens , k . n . , and blumstein , s . e . ( 1978 ) . "" invariant cues for place of articulation in stop consonants "" , journal of the acoustical society of america 64 , 1358-1368 . warren , p . , and marslen - wilson , w . ( 1988 ) . "" cues to lexical choice - discriminating place and voice "" , perception and psychophysics 43 , 21-30 . 5 biographical details the reviewer is a lecturer in the laboratory for psycholinguistics , fpse , university of geneva , switzerland . his current research covers a variety of topics ranging from the dynamics of articulatory movements in speech production to the phonetic bases of word recognition . thanks are due to uli frauenfelder for helpful comments . a latex version of this document is available upon request ( nnguyen @ fapse . unige . ch ) .
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2554,"Subject: 14th comparative germanic syntax workshop
 
 second announcement call for papers the 14th comparative germanic syntax workshop january 8 - 9 , 1999 , lund , sweden invited speakers : kenneth j . safir , rutgers jan - wouter zwart , groningen deadline for submission of abstracts : august 1 , 1998 the time allotted to each paper is 30 minutes , with an additional 10 minutes for discussion . send 3 copies of an anonymous two-page abstract , plus a camera-ready original with authors name , address , and affiliation , to 14th cgs c / o asa wikstrom institutionen fr nordiska sprk helgonabacken 14 s-223 62 lund sweden enquiries can be addressed to : christer . platzack @ nordlund . lu . se http : / / www . nordlund . lu . se / cgs
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2555,"Subject: nels 29 - - final call for papers
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * n e l s 29 * * * * * * * * * * * * * annual meeting of the northeastern linguistic society * * * university of delaware , newark , de october 16-18 , 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = final call for papers = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = one - page anonymous abstracts for talks or posters on any aspect of theoretical linguistics are requested . references , but no examples may be included on a separate page . individuals may submit no more than on abstract for which they are the primary author . submissions deadline : july 1 , 1998 paper and electronic submissions will be accepted ; fax submissions will not . abstracts should be single-spaced in 12 - pt times font ( except for phonetic transcriptions ) and sized for 8 . 5 "" x11 "" paper . top margins should be at least 1 . 5 inches , with at least one inch for the bottom and side margins . submissions should include : the title , the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , mailing and email addresses where the primary author can be reached over the summer , subfield of linguistics which the abstract represents , and whether the abstract is being submitted for consideration as a talk , poster , or both . for paper submissions , ten anonymous copies should be submitted , and the author information should be typed ona 3 "" x5 "" index card . for electronic submissions , follow the instructions at the nels 29 website : < http : / / sun . ling . udel . edu / nels - 29 > address for correspondance : * * * nels 29 abstracts committee department of linguistics 46 e . delaware avenue newark , de 19716 usa email : nels - 29 @ udel . edu unless otherwise indicated , acknowledgement of receipt will be via e-mail . registration information preregistration fees * * * $ 20 ( us ) for students and $ 40 ( us ) for others before september 16 , 1998 . on - site registration fees * * * $ 25 ( us ) for students and $ 50 ( us ) for others for further information , please consult the nels 29 website or contact us at the e-mail address listed above .
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2556,"Subject: semitic languages workshop
 
 workshop on computational approaches to semitic languages coling-acl98 sunday august 16 , 1998 , university of montreal * * call for pre - registration * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - workshop description although there exists a considerable body of cl research specifically targeted to semitic languages , much of the work to date has been the result of initiatives undertaken by individual researchers or research establishments . a direct consequence is that there is comparatively little awareness amongst practitioners of either the state of the art as practiced outside their own locality , the common challenges faced by all practitioners , or the potential for developing a coordinated approach . the aims of this workshop are therefore : * to provide a forum where current work in a broad range of subfields can be presented , collected and diffused . * to assess the state of the art with a view to identifying promising areas for future collaborative research . * to examine the possibilities of supporting such research through national and international funding initiatives . accepted papers concern arabic , hebrew , maltese and akkadian , in following subject areas : tagging , orthography , morphology , syntax / parsing / generation . the programme comprises a session for each of these themes , together with a short supplementary session for short papers . final programme : http : / / www . cs . um . edu . mt / ~ mros / casl / prog . html pre-registration : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / mainpage . html programme committee members michael rosner , university of malta , malta ( workshop coordinator ) ken beesley , xerox research centre europe , france joe caruana , university of malta , malta khalid choukri , elra / elda , france yaacov choueka , bar ilan university , israel fathi debili , cnrs-cellma ( paris ) / irmc , tunisia ray fabri , university of malta , malta mamoun hattab , arabic textware , amman , jordan george kiraz , bell labs , usa ray fabri , university of malta chadia moghrabi , univerity of moncton , canada mori rimon , hebrew university , israel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - mike rosner ( mros @ cs . um . edu . mt ) last modified : fri feb 20 15 : 08 : 23 met
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2557,"Subject: computers and the humanities : vol 31 , no 3
 
 computers and the humanities volume 31 no . 3 1997 table of contents - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - feature articles - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - high - quality imaging at the national gallery : origins , implementation and applications david saunders pp . 153-167 plata : an application of legal , a machine learning based system , to a typology of archaeological ceramics engelbert mephu nguifo , marie - salome lagrange , monique renaud , jean sallantin pp . 169-187 digital preservation : a time bomb for digital libraries margaret hedstrom pp . 189-202 adding new words into a chinese thesaurus ji donghong , gong junping , huang changning pp . 203-227 notes and discussion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - language independent statistical software for corpus exploration john sinclair , oliver mason , jackie ball , geoff barnbrook pp . 229-255 book review - - - - - - - - - - dickens on disk eric johnson pp . 257-260 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - computers and the humanities the official journal of the association for computers and the humanities editors - in - chief : nancy ide , dept . of computer science , vassar college , usa daniel greenstein , executive , arts and humanities data services , king 's college , uk for subscriptions or information , consult the journal 's www home page : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / or contact : dieke van wijnen kluwer academic publishers spuiboulevard 50 p . o . box 17 3300 aa dordrecht the netherlands phone : ( + 31 ) 78 639 22 64 fax : ( + 31 ) 78 639 22 54 e - mail : dieke . vanwijnen @ wkap . nl members of the association for computers and the humanities ( ach ) receive a subscription to chum at less than half the price of an individual subscription . for information about ach and a membership application , consult http : / / www . ach . org / , or send email to chuck _ bush @ byu . edu .
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2558,"Subject: prepositions workshop
 
 workshop on prepositions organized by hubert cuyckens and guenter radden , englisches seminar , universitaet hamburg friday , june 26 , 1998 14 . 00 - 14 . 15 welcoming address 14 . 15 - 14 . 40 dagmar haumann , paedagogische hochschule erfurt the projections of temporal prepositions 14 . 40 - 15 . 05 stefan schierholz , universitat gottingen regierte praepositionen des deutschen 15 . 05 - 15 . 30 niina ning zhang , zas , berlin locative prepositions in chinese 15 . 30 - 15 . 45 discussion of section papers 16 . 15 - 16 . 40 britta mondorf , universitaet paderborn the effect of prepositional complements on the choice of synthetic or analytic comparatives and superlatives 16 . 40 - 17 . 05 gunter rohdenburg , universitaet paderborn grammatische variation im englischen : zur variablen verwendung von prepositionen 17 . 05 - 17 . 30 priska - monika hottenroth , universitaet hamburg lexical subordination und die rolle der praepostionen im franzoesischen 17 . 30 - 17 . 45 discussion of section papers 18 . 00 - 18 . 25 annette leimllmann , universitaet hamburg getting across 18 . 25 - 18 . 50 hubert cuyckens , universitaet hamburg & antwerpen the preposition to : prepositional and infinitival uses 18 . 50 - 19 . 15 frank brisard and dominiek sandra , antwerp university spatial prepositions and their functional implications 19 . 15 - 19 . 40 birgitta meex , antwerp university die uebertragenen bedeutungen der praeposition ueber 19 . 40 - 20 . 00 discussion of section papers saturday , june 27 , 1998 9 . 00 - 9 . 25 claudio di meola , universitaet koeln praepositionaler rektionswechsel im deutschen unter dem gesichtspunkt der grammatikalisierung 9 . 25 - 9 . 50 kristine jensen de lpez and chris sinha , aarhus university the grammatical and psychological status of zapotec body-part terms : a developmental and cognitive linguistic study 9 . 50 - 10 . 15 tania kuteva , universitaet koeln be + loc . preposition + main verb auxiliation in the languages of europe 10 . 15 - 10 . 40 mechtild reh , universitaet hamburg the story of the southern lwoo preposition * kuom 11 . 40 - 11 . 00 discussion of section papers 11 . 15 - 11 . 40 guenter radden and elisabeth mathis , universitaet hamburg prepositional construal of similarity 11 . 40 - 12 . 05 olaf jaekel , universitaet hamburg prepositions from an onomasiological perspective : the logic of mental containment 12 . 05 - 12 . 30 ren dirven , universitaet duisburg about aboutness 12 . 30 - 12 . 55 elena bellavia , universitaet giessen das lehren der polysemie der praepositionen in deutsch als fremdsprache 12 . 55 - 13 . 15 discussion of section papers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dr . hubert cuyckens universitaet hamburg englisches seminar von - melle - park 6 d-20146 hamburg tel : + 49-40 - 4123-4853 / - 5972 fax : + 49-40 - 4123-4856 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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2559,"Subject: phonetics , phonology : intonational phonology
 
 intonational phonology d . robert ladd ( university of edinburgh ) ; intonational phonology ; isbn : 0-521 - 47498 - 1 ; $ 64 . 95 hardback , 6 x 9 , 349 pp . ; pub . date : 1 / 13 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press intonation is becoming increasingly prominent in areas from phonology to speech recognition . ladd gives an exceptionally clear overview of the key ideas of pierrehumbert 's autosegmental-metrical theory to intonational phonology , and discusses alternative approaches . he also looks critically at the version put forward by generativists , and offers his own solutions . this book will appeal to phonologists as an original contribution , and will be welcomed by students and researchers , who will find in it the ideal overview of recent work . ; contents : 1 . introduction to intonational phonology ; 2 . fundamental concepts of the autosegmental-metrical theory ; 3 . phonological representation of pitch in the am theory ; 4 . cross - language comparison of intonation ; 5 . patterns of prominence ; 6 . prosodic structure ; 7 . pitch range ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html
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2560,"Subject: sociolinguistics
 
 social influences on vocal development social influences on vocal development ; isbn : 0-521 - 49526 - 1 ; hardback , 7 1 / 2 x 9 3 / 4 , 362 pp . ; charles t . snowdon , ed . ( university of wisconsin , madison ) ; pub . date : 3 / 28 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 90 ; both song and language require species-specific stimulation at a sensitive period in development , as well as subsequent practice ( subsong and plastic song in birds and babbling in infant humans ) that leads to the development of characteristic vocalizations for each species . this book illustrates how social interactions during development can shape vocal learning and extend the sensitive period beyond infancy , and how social companions can induce flexibility even into adulthood . this book shows how social companions in a wide range of species including birds and humans as well as cetaceans and nonhuman primates play important roles in the shaping of vocal production as well as the comprehension and appropriate use of vocal communication . ; contents : 1 . introduction , c . t . snowdon &amp ; m . hausberger / 2 . social interaction and sensitive phases for song learning : a critical review , d . a . nelson / 3 . social interaction and vocal development in birds , l . f . baptista &amp ; s . l . l . gaunt / 4 . building a social agenda for the study of bird song , m . j . west , a . p . king &amp ; t . m . freeberg / 5 . field observations , experimental design and the time and place of learning in bird songs , r . b . payne &amp ; l . l . payne / 6 . vocal learning in wild and domesticated zebra finches : signature cues for kin recognition or epiphenomena ? , r . zann / 7 . what birds with complex social relationships can tell us about vocal learning : vocal sharing in avian groups , e . d . brown &amp ; s . m . farabaugh / 8 . social influences on song acquisition and sharing in the european starling ( sturnus vulgaris ) , m . hausberger / 9 . social influences on the acquisition of human-based codes in parrots and nonhuman primates , i . m . pepperberg / 10 . vocal learning in captive bottlenose dolphins : a comparison to humans and nonhuman animals , b . mccowan &amp ; d . reiss / 11 . vocal learning in cetaceans , p . l . tyack &amp ; l . s . sayigh / 12 . social influences on vocal development in new world primates , c . t . snowdon , a . m . elowson &amp ; r . s . roush / 13 . some general features of vocal development in nonhuman primates , r . m . seyfarth &amp ; d . l . cheney / 14 . social influences on vocal learning in human and nonhuman primates , j . l . locke &amp ; c . snow / 15 . the resilience of language in humans , s . goldin - meadow / 16 . reciprocal interactions and the development of communication and language between parents and children , annick jouanjean - l ' anto ^ d&quot ; ene / 17 . crafting activities : building social organization through language in girls ' and boys ' groups , m . harness goodwin ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html interaction and the development of mind a . j . wootton ( university of york ) ; interaction and the development of mind ; isbn : 0-521 - 57341 - 6 ; hardback , 5 1 / 2 x 8 1 / 2 , 230 pp . ; pub . date : 4 / 13 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 54 . 95 ; this study identifies key mechanisms through which a young child operates with external knowledge in his / her immediate social context . central to this is the child 's capacity to draw on discourse-based understandings that have become evident in prior interaction . in contrast to studies that analyze development under different headings , such as language , emotions and cognition , tony wootton links these aspects in his examination of the state of understanding that exists at any given moment in interaction . the result is a distinctive social constructionist approach to children 's development . ; contents : 1 . overview of arguments and procedures ; 2 . requesting at 12-24 months : an overview ; 3 . imperatives and sequential knowledge ; 4 . distressing incidents ; 5 . the emergence of two request forms ; 6 . general skills involved in early requesting . ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html language shift and cultural reproduction : socialization , self and syncretism in a papua new guinea village don kulick ( stockholm university ) ; language shift and cultural reproduction : socialization , self and syncretism in a papua new guinea village ; isbn : 0-521 - 59926 - 1 ; paperback , 6 x 9 , 335 pp . ; pub . date : 4 / 28 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 24 . 95 ; don kulick 's book is an anthropological study of language and cultural change among a small group of people living in the sepik region of papua new guinea . he examines why the villagers of gapun are abandoning their vernacular in favor of tok pisin , the most widely spoken language in papua new guinea , despite their attachment to their own language as a source of identity and as a tie to their lands . he draws on an examination of village language socialization process and on marshall sahlins 's ideas about structure and event . ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html
",0
2561,"Subject: morphology and syntax
 
 describing morphosyntax : a guide for field linguists thomas e . payne ( university of oregon ) ; describing morphosyntax : a guide for field linguists ; isbn : 0-521 - 58224 - 5 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 430 pp . ; pub . date : 10 / 31 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 64 . 95 ; this book is a guide for linguistic fieldworkers who wish to write a description of the morphology and syntax of one of the world 's many underdocumented languages . it offers readers who work through it one possible outline for a grammatical description , with many questions designed to help them address the key topics . appendices offer guidance on text and elicited data , and on sample reference grammars that readers might wish to consult . this will be a valuable resource to anyone engaged in linguistic fieldwork . ; contents : introduction ; 1 . demographic and ethnographic information ; 2 . morphological typology ; 3 . grammatical categories ; 4 . constituent order typology ; 5 . noun and noun-phrase operations ; 6 . predicate nominals and related constructions ; 7 . grammatical relations ; ! 8 . voice and valence adjusting operations ; 9 . other verb and veb-phrase operations ; 10 . pragmatically marked structures ; 11 . clause combinations ; 12 . conclusions : the language in use ; appendix 1 : on text and elicited data ; appendix 2 : sample reference grammars ; references ; indexes ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html parameters of morphosyntactic change parameters of morphosyntactic change ; isbn : 0-521 - 58402 - 7 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 556 pp . ; ans van kemenade , ed . ( free university of amsterdam ) ; pub . date : 6 / 30 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 74 . 95 ; the relationship between changes in ( inflectional ) morphology and the consequences of these changes in syntax has been a perennial issue in historical linguistics . the contributors to this volume address the issue of how to model the phenomena of syntactic and morphological change within recent frameworks , including the minimalist programme . topics addressed include the way categories like aspect and mood interact over time with the valency of verbs ; the nature of changes in verb placement ; the changing division of labor between different types of argument marking - - case , word order , clitics , agreement . ^ l the volume contains chapters by many of the leading scholars in the field . there is a substantial introduction which reviews the development of ideas in generative histori ! cal syntax over the last fifteen years , and assesses the distinctive properties of the generative position . the volume will appeal to those working in theoretical syntax , and also to specialists in the history of german , french and the romance and germanic languages more broadly . ; contents : introduction : parameters and morphosyntactic change ans van kemenade and nigel vincent ; part i . aspect , argument structure and case selection : 1 . the interdependence of cas , aspect and referentiality in the history of german werner abraham ; 2 . the rise of the article in the germanic languages julia philippi ; 3 . the diachronic development of a modal verb of necessity paola beninca and cecilia poletto ; 4 . auxiliary verbs in old and middle french philip h . miller ; 5 . commentary on part i : aspect , argument structure and case selection alessandra tomaselli ; part ii . clitics : 6 . the emergence of the d - system in romance nigel vincent ; 7 . on two locations for complement clitic pronouns maria luisa ! rivero ; 8 . on the integration of second position phenomena josep m second and comp : 9 . shifting triggers and diachronic reanalyses david lightfoot ; 10 . viewing change in progress alison henry ; 11 . verb movement in old and middle english anthony kroch and ann taylor ; 12 . v2 and embedded topicalization in old and middle english ans van kemenade ; 13 . qu ' est-ce que ce que : the diachronic evolution of a french complementizer laurie zaring and paul hirschbuhler ; 14 . the structure of parametric change , and v - movement in the history of english anthony warner ; part iv . scrambling and morphological change : 15 . directionality and word orderchange in the history of english ian roberts ; 16 . on the relation between morphological and syntactic case fred weerman ; 17 . the rise of positional licensing paul kiparsky ; the papers by kiparsky , roberts and weerman : an epilogue hoskuldur thrainsson ; references ; index . ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html a notional theory of syntactic categories john m . anderson ( university of edinburgh ) ; a notional theory of syntactic categories ; isbn : 0-521 - 58023 - 4 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 365 pp . ; pub . date : 4 / 28 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 69 . 95 ; this book presents an innovative theory of syntactic categories and the lexical classes they define . it revives the traditional idea that these are to be distinguished notionally ( semantically ) . the author proposes a notation based on semantic features that accounts for the syntactic behavior of classes . the book also presents a case for considering this classification - - again in a rather traditional vein - - to be basic to determining the syntactic structure of sentences . ; contents : 1 . prelude ; 2 . fundamentals of a notional theory ; 3 . the syntax of categories . ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html the raising of predicates : predicative noun phrases and the theory of clause structure andrea moro ( istituto scientifico h san raffaele , milan ) ; the raising of predicates : predicative noun phrases and the theory of clause structure ; isbn : 0-521 - 56233 - 3 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 328 pp . ; pub . date : 1 / 13 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 64 . 95 ; one of the basic premises of the theory of syntax is that clause structures can be minimally identified as containing a verb phrase , playing the role of predicate , and a noun phrase , playing the role of subject . in this study andrea moro identifies a new category of copular sentences , namely inverse copular sentences , where the predicative noun phrase occupies the position that is canonically reserved for subjects . in the process , he sheds new light on such classical issues as the distribution and nature of expletives , locality theory and cliticization phenomena . ; contents : 1 . the anomaly of copular sentences : the raising of predicates ; 2 . the syntax of ci ; 3 . are there parameters in semantics ? the defining properties of e ! xistential sentences ; 4 . the ' quasi-copula ' : on the role of finite clauses in seem-sentences ; 5 . a view beyond : unaccusativity as an epiphenomenon ; appendix : a brief history of the copula . ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html
",0
2562,"Subject: semantics
 
 the dynamics of focus structure nomi erteschik - shir ( ben - gurion university of the negev ) ; the dynamics of focus structure ; isbn : 0-521 - 59217 - 8 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 294 pp . ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 64 . 95 ; all modes of perception ( vision , hearing , etc . ) are organized into foreground or focus and background constituents . natural language sentences are no different . this book explores the role of focusing in natural language sentences and the role of this basic cognitive mechanism in explaining sentence stress , meaning and structure . the result is an innovative view of our linguistic competence . ; contents : introduction ; 1 . the interpretation of f-structure ; 2 . reference and coreference ; 3 . negation , questions and contrast ; 4 . the phonological interpretation f-structure ; 5 . scope and r-dependencies ; 6 . i - dependencies in da s-structure ; conclusion ; references ; index of names ; index of subjects . order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html focus and natural language processing : linguistic , cognitive , and computational perspectives focus and natural language processing : linguistic , cognitive , and computational perspectives ; isbn : 0-521 - 58305 - 5 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , c . 300 pp . ; p . bosch , ed . ( institute for logic and linguistics , ibm , germany ) ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 59 . 95 ; this books presents a collection of papers on the issue of focus in its broadest sense . while commonly considered as being related to phenomena such as presupposition and anaphora , focusing is much more widely spread , and it is this pervasiveness that the current collection addresses . the work loosely originates from a conference held in 1994 in schloss wolfsbrunnen in germany , although only a small subpart of the proceedings papers presented are included here . the contributed papers have been reworked for the current volume to present a coherent study of the subject . ; contents : introduction ; part 1 ; intonation and syntax ; 1 ; contrastive stress , contrariety and focus ; 2 ; the processing of information structure in synphonics ; 3 ; focus and sentence accents in english ; 4 ; informational autonomy ; 5 ; focus and operator scope in german ; 6 ; subject - prodrop in yiddish ; 7 ; remarks on intonation and "" focus "" ; part 2 ; semantics ; 8 ; what is the alternative ? ; 9 ; topic ; 10 ; focus with nominal quantifiers ; 11 ; dependencies in focus-structure ; 12 ; topic , focus and negation ; 13 ; topic , focus and weak quantifiers ; 14 ; focus , quantification , and semantics-pragmatic issues ; 15 ; association with focus or association with presupposition ? ; 16 ; time adverbials in sentence and discourse ; part 3 ; discourse ; 17 ; focusing particles and ellipsis resolution ; 18 ; discourse and the focus / background distinction ; 19 ; on different kinds of focus ; 20 ; stressed and unstressed pronouns : complementary preferences ; 21 ; frame shifts : indefinite reference to familiar referents ; 22 ; discourse linking and discourse subordination ; 23 ; domain restriction ; 24 ; updates , files and focus-ground ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html
",0
2563,"Subject: cognitive linguistics
 
 possession : cognitive sources , forces and grammaticalization bernd heine ( university of cologne ) ; possession : cognitive sources , forces and grammaticalization ; isbn : 0-521 - 55037 - 8 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 290 pp . ; pub . date : 6 / 30 / 97 publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 64 . 95 ; bernd heine argues that the structure of grammatical categories is predictable to a large extent once we know the range of possible cognitive structures from which they are derived . the author uses as his example the structure of predicative possession , and shows how most of the possessive constructions to be found in the world 's languages can be traced back to a small set of basic conceptual patterns . using grammaticalization theory heine describes how each affects the word order and morphosyntax of the resulting possessive construction . ; contents : 1 . the state / 2 . the process / 3 . on attributive possession / 4 . from possession to aspect / 5 . evaluation / appendix : a world-wide survey of have-constructions / references ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html color categories in thought and language color categories in thought and language ; isbn : 0-521 - 49693 - 4 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 414 pp . ; c . l . hardin , ed . ( emeritus , syracuse university ) ; pub . date : 7 / 30 / 97 publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 74 . 95 ; twenty - five years ago , berlin and kay argued that there are commonalities of basic color term use that extend across languages and cultures , and probably express universal features of perception and cognition . in this volume , a distinguished team of contributors from visual science , psychology , linguistics and anthropology examine how these claims have fared in the light of current knowledge , surveying key ideas , results and techniques from the study of human color vision as well as field methods and theoretical interpretations drawn from linguistic anthropology . order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html mappings in thought and language gilles fauconnier ( university of california , san diego ) ; mappings in thought and language ; isbn : 0-521 - 46062 - x ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 217 pp . ; pub . date : 4 / 30 / 97 publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 54 . 95 ; meaning in everyday thought and language is constructed at lightning speed . we are not conscious of the staggering complexity of the cognitive operations that drive our simplest behavior . this book reveals the creativity that underlies our effortless use of language in everyday life , when we engage in conversation , understand humor , or solve puzzles . the capacities and principles that we develop from infancy for ordinary thinking and talking are also the ones that drive scientific and artistic thought , high-level reasoning , and conceptual change . ; content : 1 . mappings / 2 . mental space connections / 3 . tense and mood / 4 . analogical counterfactuals / 5 . matching / 6 . blends ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html language and conceptualization language and conceptualization ; isbn : 0-521 - 55303 - 2 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 289 pp . ; jan nuyts , ed . ( university of antwerp ) ; pub . date : 5 / 31 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 59 . 95 ; to what extent is conceptualization based on linguistic representation ? and to what extent is it variable across cultures , communities or even individuals ? of crucial importance in the attempt to develop a comprehensive theory of human cognition , these remain among the most difficult questions in the cognitive sciences . this volume brings together ten new contributions from leading scholars working in a wide cross section of disciplines , including linguistics , anthropology , psychology and philosophy . ; contents : 1 . overview : on the relationship between language and conceptualization , jan nuyts and eric pederson / 2 . from outer to inner space : linguistic categories and non-linguistic thinking , stephen c . levinson / 3 . spatial operations in deixis , cognition and culture , balthasar bickel / 4 . remote worlds : the conceptual representation of linguistic would , paul werth / 5 . role and individual representations of change predicates , eve sweetser / 6 . changing place in english and german : language-specific preferences in the conceptualisation of spatial relations , mary carroll / 7 . mapping conceptual representations into linguistic representations : the role of attention in grammar , russell s . tomlin / 8 . growth points cross-linguistically , david mcneill / 9 . on the modularity of sentence processing : semantical generality and the language of thought , jay atlas / 10 . the contextual basis of cognitive semantics , ronald w . langacker / 11 . the cognitive foundations of pragmatic principles : implications for theories of linguistic and cognitive representation , edward a robinson . order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html comprehension : a paradigm for cognition walter kintsch ( university of colorado , boulder ) ; comprehension : a paradigm for cognition ; isbn : 0-521 - 58360 - 8 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 461 pp . ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 69 . 95 ; in this book , walter kintsch presents a theory of human text comprehension and extends his analysis to related areas . comprehension is conceptualized as a two-stage process : first , approximate , inaccurate representations are constructed via context insensitive construction rules , which are then integrated via a spreading activation constraint satisfaction process . in part i , the general theory is presented and an attempt is made to situate it within the current theoretical landscape in cognitive science . the second part addresses many of the topics that are typically found in a cognitive psychology text , including how word meanings are identified in a discourse context ; how words are combined to form coherent representations of texts , both at the local and global level ; what the role is of working memory in comprehension ; how relevant knowledge is activated during reading ; and what is the distinction between remembering a text and learning from a text . ; contents : 1 . introduction / part i . the theory / 2 . cognition and representation / 3 . propositional representations / 4 . modeling comprehension processes : the construction - integration model / part ii . models of comprehension / 5 . word identification in discourse / 6 . textbases and situation models / 7 . the role of working memory in comprehension / 8 . memory for text / 9 . learning from text / 10 . word problems / 11 . beyond text ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html
",0
2564,"Subject: historical linguistics
 
 historical linguistics and language change roger lass ( university of cape town ) ; historical linguistics and language change ; isbn : 0-521 - 45924 - 9 ; paperback , 6 x 9 , c . 471 pp . ; pub . date : 04-13 - 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 29 . 95 ; language change happens in the spatio-temporal world . historical linguistics is the craft linguists exercise upon its results , in order to tell coherent stories about it . in a series of linked essays roger lass offers a critical survey of the foundations of the art of historical linguistics , and its interaction with its subject matter , language change , taking as his background some of the major philosophical issues that arise fromthese considerations . the paradoxical conclusion is that our historiographical methods are often better than the data they have to work with . ; contents : preface ; general prologue ; 1 . the past , the present and the historian ; 2 . written records : evidence and argument ; 3 . relatedness , ancestry and comparison ; 4 . convergence and contact ; 5 . the nature of reconstruction ; 6 . time and change : the shape ( s ) of history ; 7 . explanation and ontology ; references ; index . order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html
",0
2565,"Subject: relevance theory workshop : provisional schedule
 
 here is the * provisional * programme for the forthcoming relevance theory workshop . a registration form is included at the end of the programme ( reduced rate for registration before 1 july ) . hard copies of the registration form can be obtained from vlad zegarac at the address below . on registration , participants will receive abstracts of the papers together with travel information . ( steve nicolle ) relevance theory workshop - provisional programme tuesday 8 sept 11 . 00 registration begins ( set up posters ) 1 . 00 lunch 2 . 15 - 4 . 00 panel on conceptual and procedural encoding jaqcues moeschler ( anne reboul ) - directional inferences and the conceptual / procedural encoding distinction tomoko matsui - implicature , explicature , higher-level explicature and procedural constraints : japanese connectives dakara and sorede thorstein fretheim - are there at least two at least ' ? 4 . 30 - 4 . 50 corinne iten - procedural meaning : the cases of ' although ' and ' but ' 4 . 50 - 5 . 30 invited talk : diane blakemore - procedural meaning : ' nevertheless ' , ' yet ' and ' but ' ( again ) 5 . 35 - 6 . 00 discussion 6 . 15 - 7 . 00 invited talk : robyn carston - truth - conditional semantics and what is communicated 8 . 15 keynote speech : deirdre wilson wed 9 september ( at university of luton conference centre , putteridge berry ) 9 . 30-11 . 15 panel on non - truth conditional meaning reiko itani - on sentence particle ne joo peres / rui marques - narrowing and structuring the domain of conversational implicature cassandre cresswell - non - argument reflexives in english : a pragmatic analysis 11 . 45-12 . 55 panel on reference anne reboul - a relevance theoretic approach to reference george powell - the deferred use of proper names 2 . 00 - 2 . 45 vicky escandell - vidal - metapropositons as metarepresentations 3 . 00 - 4 . 45 panel on relevance theory and literature ian mackenzie - relevance and deconstruction john constable - metre as an engine of unstructured implication christoph unger - on the influence of genre on the deduction of implicatures 5 . 15 - 6 . 25 panel on relevance theory and philosophy lszl tarnay - how to kleiber a sperber - wilson ? tams plya - on rationality and relevance 7 . 45 - 9 . 30 panel on reformulations of relevance theory richard breheny - reformulations in relevance theory and stronger meaning ernst - august gutt - relevance and effort : a paper for discussion milena nuti - the cary - anne situation thurs 10 sept - a . m . 9 . 00-10 . 00 panel on non - truth conditional meaning anna papafragou - the comprehension of indirect requests : pragmatic and developmental perspectives nathalie franken - speech acts in relevance theory : a critical assessment 10 . 20-11 . 00 peter grundy - explicature , implicature and cultural affiliation 11 . 00 - 1 . 30 papers on applications of relevance theory robin setton - relevance theory and simultaneous conference interpretation alex klinge - context construction and conventionalisation guylaine gonel / bernard levrat - taking relevance into account in question-answering systems : an approach of relevance theory modelling followed by lagb workshop on experimental pragmatics . registration form if you wish to register , please complete this form and send it back with ( evidence of ) your payment to the following address : vlad zegarac dept . of linguistics university of luton faculty of humanities 75 castle street luton bedfordshire lu1 3aj united kingdom name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address for correspondence : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i would like to register for : ( please circle a or b ) a - - - - - - - - - - the whole conference package b - - - - - - - - - - the conference fee + the options as indicated below ( please put a tick on the line next to your chosen options ) the "" package "" price : stlg95 ( if sent to arrive by the end of june 1998 ) this includes : conference fee ( obligatory ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ options ( included in the package ) : lunch ( 8th sept . ) stlg7 , 50 _ _ _ dinner ( 8th sept . ) stlg7 . 50 _ _ _ accommodation ( inc . breakfast ) ( 8 / 9 sept . ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ lunch ( 9th sept . ) stlg10 _ _ _ _ _ dinner ( 9th sept . ) stlg10 _ _ _ _ _ accommodation ( inc . breakfast ) ( 9 / 10 sept ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ extra options ( not included in the package ) : accommodation ( inc . breakfast ) ( 7 / 8 sept . ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ accommodation ( inc . breakfast ) ( 10 / 11 sept . ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ lunch ( 10 sept . ) stlg7 , 50 _ _ for payments made after the end of june 1998 add an extra stlg5 methods of payment : return a hard copy of this form and either : 1 . enclose a cheque ( made payable to university of luton ) or 2 . complete and sign the following instruction : please debit stlg _ _ _ _ _ _ from my visa / mastercard number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ valid until _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name in print : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ or 3 . pay by direct bank transfer to the university of luton , midland bank plc . , george street , luton , beds , united kingdom account number : 81276360 sort code : 40 - 30 - 32 ( please encolse a bank receipt )
",0
2566,"Subject: honored by two keynote speakers
 
 international conference on natural language processing and industrial applications nlp + ia 98 > > > special accent on computer assisted language learning < < < conference internationale sur le traitement automatique des langues et ses applications industrielles tal + ai 98 > > > attention speciale portee a l ' enseignement de la langue < < < august / aout 18-21 , 1998 moncton , new - brunswick , canada we are honored that two renouned speakers have accepted our invitation / nous sommes honores par deux conferenciers de grande renommee qui ont accepte notre invitation : margaret king : issco , university of geneva , switzerland talk on language resources and evaluation / ressources et evaluation linguistiques thierry chanier : universite franche - comte , france presentation sur l ' enseignement de la langue et le tal / talk on language learning and nlp make sure not to miss them . . . soyez - la ! official languages : english and french are the official languages of the conference . proceedings would be published in the language of the submitted texts . conference organization : the conference is organized by gretal , groupe d ' etude sur le traitement automatique des langues at the universite ' de moncton and geta-clips in grenoble . organizing committee chadia moghrabi , professor of computer science , chair jalal almhana , professor and director of computer science julien chiasson , professor of computer science sadek eid , professor of industrial engineering , director manufacturing technology centre , boubakeur meddeb - hamrouni , researcher geta-clips and winsoft paul tarau , professor of computer science * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dr . chadia moghrabi , professeure * * nlp + ia / tal + ai 98 * * departement d ' informatique * * faculte des sciences * * universite de moncton tel : ( 506 ) 858-4521 * * moncton , n . - b . fax : ( 506 ) 858-4541 * * e1a 3e9 , canada e-mail : nlp + ia - 98 @ imag . fr * * sabbatique au geta-clips / tel : + 33 476 51 4369 / fax : + 33 476 51 4405 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
2567,"Subject: corrected announcement of the syllable conference
 
 final and corrected conference announcement the syllable : typology and theory to be held at tuebingen , germany june 30th 1998 to july 2nd 1998 monday , 29 june 1998 18 . 00-20 . 00 welcome and informal registration ( hotel am schloss ) tuesday , 30 june 1998 ( schloss hohentuebingen , fuerstenzimmer ) 9 . 30 - 9 . 45 opening remarks 9 . 45 - 10 . 45 stuart davis , university of indiana , bloomington the controversy over geminates and syllable weight . 11 . 00 - 12 . 00 haruo kubozono , kobe university syllable weight and asymmetries in a mora language . 1 . 30 - 2 . 30 frida morelli , university of maryland , college park the onset / coda asymmetry in obstruent clusters . 2 . 45 - 3 . 45 junko ito and armin mester , uc , santa cruz and university of tuebingen issues in german syllabification . 4 . 00 - 5 . 00 steven mccartney , university of helsinki and university of texas , austin opacity in finnish and an account of the ` ` exceptions ' ' . 5 . 15 - 6 . 15 paul kiparsky , stanford university syllables and moras in arabic . wednesday , 1st july 1998 9 . 30 - 10 . 30 ruben van de vijver , tuebingen university civ - lengthening and the syllable contact law 10 . 45 - 11 . 45 joao costa and m . joao freitas , university of lisbon v and cv as unmarked syllables : evidence from the acquisition of portuguese . 1 . 30 - 2 . 30 antony dubach green , zentrum fr sprachwissenschaft , berlin extrasyllabic consonants in onset position . 2 . 45 - 3 . 45 caroline wiltshire , university of florida , gainesville beyond codas : word and phrase final alignment . 4 . 00 - 5 . 00 john mccarthy , university of massachusetts , amherst prosodic theory and prosodic templates . party thursday , 2nd july 1998 ( max - plank - haus , spemannstr . 26 ) 9 . 30 - 10 . 30 harry van der hulst , leiden university syllable structure and segmental structure are one . 10 . 45 - 11 . 45 marc van oostendorp , leiden university fricatives and final devoicing in frisian and dutch . 1 . 30 - 2 . 30 richard wiese , marburg university root shapes as syllable constraints . 2 . 45 - 3 . 45 draga zec , cornell university , ithaca prosodic weight . for more information , please see our website : http : / / coletrane . sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de / lehrstuhl / ruben / conference . html mail to author or ruben-van - de-vijver @ uni-tuebingen . de * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * caroline fery phone : + 7071-29 - 77304 seminar fuer sprachwissenschaft fax : + 7071-550 520 wilhelmstr . 113 caroline . fery @ uni-tuebingen . de 72074 tuebingen germany * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
",0
2568,"Subject: lexical functional grammar conf : final call for papers
 
 final call for papers lfg98 1998 international lexical functional grammar conference 30 june - 2 july 1998 the university of queensland , brisbane , australia - - - - > submission receipt deadline : 30 january 1998 < - - - - url : http : / / www . sultry . arts . usyd . edu . au / lfg98 / enquiries : lfg98 @ sultry . arts . usyd . edu . au you are invited you to participate in lfg98 which will take place from 30 june till 2 july 1998 at emmanuel college , the university of queensland , brisbane , australia . lfg98 , the third in a series of international conferences , will take place just before the australian linguistic society annual meeting and the two week australian linguistic institute . the conference welcomes work both within the formal architecture of lexical - functional grammar and typological , formal , and computational work within the 's pirit of lfg ' , as a lexicalist approach to language employing a parallel , constraint-based framework . the conference aims to promote interaction and collaboration among researchers interested in nonderivational approaches to grammar , where grammar is seen as the interaction of constraints from multiple levels , including category information , grammatical relations , and semantic information . further information about the syntactic theory lfg can be obtained from : http : / / clwww . essex . ac . uk / lfg / participation lfg98 will be attended by most of the leading figures in the international lfg community including farrell ackerman , avery andrews , kersti borjars , joan bresnan , mary dalrymple , ron kaplan , k . p . mohanan , tara mohanan , nigel vincent , annie zaenen , . . . submissions the conference will involve 20 - minute talks , poster / system presentations , and workshops . talks and poster presentations will focus on results from completed as well as ongoing research , with an emphasis on novel approaches , methods , ideas , and perspectives , whether descriptive , theoretical , formal or computational . we particularly welcome papers and suggestions for workshops on languages of the asia - pacific region . abstracts and papers must be received by 30 january 1998 , and should be submitted to the program committee chairs at the address given below . organisers and their contact addresses send paper / abstract / poster submissions and inquiries about submissions to : program committee chairs : tracy king < thking @ parc . xerox . com > miriam butt < miriam . butt @ uni-konstanz . de > mail : tracy holloway king information sciences and technologies laboratory xerox parc 3333 coyote hill road palo alto ca 94304 usa contact the conference organisers at : organisers : christopher manning < cmanning @ mail . usyd . edu . au > jane simpson < jhs @ mail . usyd . edu . au > email : lfg98 @ sultry . arts . usyd . edu . au mail : christopher manning or jane simpson linguistics f12 university of sydney nsw 2006 australia more information ( registration , abstract specifications , etc . ) more information is available in the full call for papers , available at the conference website : http : / / www . sultry . arts . usyd . edu . au / lfg98 /
",0
2569,"Subject: icslp ' 98
 
 call for papers for the 5th international conference on spoken language processing icslp ' 98 sydney convention & exhibition centre november 30th - december 4th 1998 the icslp ' 98 conference will continue the eight year tradition of the icslp series in bringing together professionals from all the diverse disciplines that contribute to spoken language processing . it will be the premier international display of the state-of - the-art in this broad field in 1998 . the conference will build bridges between people and sub-disciplines in order to create and nurture synergies that are important for the future of the field . keynote presentations and other plenary events which bring both experience and vision of multi-disciplinary attacks on grand challenges in spoken language processing in both humans and machines will contribute to our aims . a student day at which full-time student registrants may present their ideas under the guidance of senior mentors is also planned . however , it is the quality of the delegate presentations which will be the major factor in making icslp ' 98 a truly landmark event . this call for papers offers to you the opportunity to be a part of this significant event . co-sponsoring societies acoustical society of america acoustical society of china acoustical society of japan acoustical society of korea association for computational linguistics association for computational linguistics and chinese language processing audiological society of australia inc . australian linguistic society european speech communication association ieee signal processing society international phonetic association international society for phonetic sciences international advisory board souguil j . m . ann , seoul national university , korea jens p . blauert , ruhr - universitaet , germany michael brooke , university of bath , united kingdom timothy bunnell , university of delaware , usa anne cutler , max - planck - institute for psycholinguistics , netherlands hiroya fujisaki , science university of tokyo , japan julia hirschberg , at&t bell laboratories , usa bjorn granstrom , royal institute of technology , sweden lin - shan lee , national taiwan university , taiwan roger moore , defence research authority , united kingdom john j . ohala , university of california , berkeley , usa louis c . w . pols , university of amsterdam , netherlands christel sorin , centre nationale d ' etude des telecommunications , france yoh ' ichi tohkura , atr , japan jialu zhang , academia sinica , china conference secretariat tour hosts conference & exhibition organisers gpo box 128 sydney nsw 2000 australia tel : + 61 2 9262 2277 fax : + 61 2 9262 3135 email : icslp98 @ tourhosts . com . au submission procedure submissions are invited in any of the following technical topic areas : a . human speech production , acoustic - phonetics and articulatory models b . human speech perception c . language acquisition : first and second languages d . spoken language and dialogue modelling ; dialogue systems e . isolated word recognition f . large vocabulary continuous speech recognition g . utterance verification and word spotting h . speaker adaptation and normalisation in speech recognition i . speaker and language recognition ; dialects and speaking styles j . multilingual perception and recognition k . signal processing , speech analysis and feature extraction l . robust speech processing in adverse environments m . hidden markov model techniques n . artificial neural networks , fuzzy and evolutionary algorithms o . spoken language understanding systems p . text - to - speech synthesis q . prosody and emotion ; focus , stress and accent r . speech coding s . spoken language generation systems ; concept - to - speech t . spoken language translation systems u . analysis of speech and hearing disorders v . speech processing for the speech - impaired and hearing - impaired w . segmentation , labelling and speech corpora x . speech technology applications and human - machine interfaces y . spoken language processing and multimodality z . other areas of spoken language processing format of submission acceptance of papers for presentation at the conference will be on the basis of reviewed summaries . you should submit a summary of your paper comprising approximately 500 words . at the top of the page , please specify the following : corresponding author contact details : full name full postal mail address email address fax number phone number proposed paper details : paper title author list topic id ( a - z ) four additional keywords presentation preference ( oral , poster , student day ) the topic id should be a single category from the topic list specified as an alphabetic letter ; if your submission falls within the broad area of spoken language processing but is not explicitly represented in the topic list , please use the z category . the four additional keywords are requested in order to assist the programme committee in assigning reviewers . means of submission electronic submission of summaries via the world wide web is preferred . a summary submission form is available via url at http : / / cslab . anu . edu . au / icslp98 alternatively , a pro-forma for email submission can be obtained from this url or by emailing icslp98 @ tourhosts . com . au . email submissions should be sent to icslp98 @ one . net . au . if electronic submission is not possible , postal submissions ( 4 copies ) to the icslp ' 98 secretariat address specified below will be accepted provided that they adhere to the above format . please do not fax submissions . restrictions on submissions please note that only ascii summaries written in english will be accepted . do not include any attachments , graphics , or embedded formatting commands . given the large number of submissions we expect to receive , anything that cannot be printed directly will be rejected without consideration . acknowledgment of receipt you should receive an acknowledgment of receipt within 72 hours of electronically submitting your summary . if this does not happen , then you should resend your submission by email to icslp98 @ one . net . au with the word resubmission at the beginning of the subject line . if an acknowledgment is still not forthcoming , an email problem should be assumed , and the summary submitted by fax . please do not resubmit or send by fax for any other reasons than lack of acknowledgment from the conference . conditions of acceptance all papers must be presented in english by one of the listed authors . that author will be required to register no later than the full-paper submission date . summaries will not be accepted after the submission date . student day submissions students wishing to submit papers for the sst student day should submit summaries as above . these submissions will be separately reviewed and published under the banner of the 7th australian speech science & technology conference and will also be included on the cdrom containing the icslp ' 98 proceedings . submission addresses world wide web : url = http : / / cslab . anu . edu . au / icslp98 e - mail submission : icslp98 @ one . net . au postal : icslp ' 98 secretariat , gpo box 128 , sydney , nsw 2001 , australia technical queries : robert dale - email : rdale @ mpce . mq . edu . au general information : email : icslp98 @ tourhosts . com . au important dates friday 1st may , 1998 paper summaries due for review friday 26th june , 1998 acceptance notification friday 21st august , 1998 deadline for full-paper submission
",0
2570,"Subject: avail for review : phonology , semantics , dong , interpreting
 
 the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . please do not simply provide a url for an electronic cv or web page . these will be ignored . phonology pier marco bertinetto , livio gaeta , georgijetchev & david michaels ( eds ) , certamen phonologicum iii . papers from the third cortona phonology meeting , april 1996 . torino , rosenberg & sellier 1997 , pp . 291 , price lit . 63 . 000 ( approximately us $ 37 ) . isbn 88-7011 - 717 - 0 . semantics pier marco bertinetto , il dominio tempo-aspettuale . demarcazioni , intersezioni , contrasti . torino , rosenberg & sellier 1997 , pp 252 , price lit 48 . 000 isbn 887011726x ( approximately us $ 25 . 50 ) contents - introduzione i . demarcazioni - aspect vs . actionality - statives , progressives , habituals - the progressive as a ' partialization ' operator ii . intersezioni - neutralizations and interactions in temporal-aspectual categories - metafore tempo-aspettuali - l ' interazione tra azionalita e aspetto nella perifrasi ' continua ' iii . contrasti - le strutture tempo-aspettuali dell ' italiano e dell ' inglese - le perifrasi abituali in italiano e in inglese - l ' espressione della ' progressivita / continuita ' : un confronto tripolare ( editor 's note : the reviewer of this book must be fluent in both italian and english ) . dong language long yaohong and zheng guoqiao ( translated by d . n . geary ) ( 1998 ) the dong langauge in guizhou province china . sil / u texas austin . interpreting / translation harris , brian ( compiler ) ( 1997 ) translation and interpreting schools . language international world directory . john benjamins : amsterdam .
",0
2571,"Subject: sociolinguistics
 
 endangered languages : current issues and future prospects endangered languages : current issues and future prospects ; isbn : 0-521 - 59102 - 3 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 380 pp . ; lenore a . grenoble , ed . ( dartmouth college ) ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 69 . 95 ; the issue of language loss is currently the focus of much linguistic research . this edited volume brings together work by theoretical linguists , field linguists and nonlinguist members of minority communities to provide an integrated view of how language is lost , from sociological and economic as well as from linguistic perspectives . it maps out some of the strategies applied by native communities and professional linguists in the face of language endangerment . several authors address the understudied issue of what ( beyond a linguistic system ) is lost when a language becomes obsolescent . contents : preface part i . general issues : 1 . western language ideologies and small-language prospects nancy dorian ; 2 . toward a typology of language endangerment lenore grenoble , lindsay whaley ; part ii . language community responses : 3 . technical , emotional , and ideological issues in reversing language shift : examples from southeast alaska nora and richard dauenhauer ; 4 . mayan efforts toward language preservation nora england ; 5 . a chronology of mohawk language instruction at kahnaw : ke kaia ' titahkhe annette jacobs ; 6 . language endangerment in south america : a programmatic approach colette grinevald ; part iii . what is lost : language diversity : 7 . the significance of diversity in language endangerment and preservation marianne mithun ; 8 . on endangered languages and the importance of linguistic diversity ken hale ; 9 . living words and cartoon translations : longhouse "" texts "" and the limitations of english christopher jocks ; 10 . documenting rhetorical , aesthetic , and expressive loss in language shift anthony woodbury ; part iv . mechanisms of language loss : 11 . impact of language variation and accomodation theory on language maintenance : an analysis of shaba swahili andr ^ d ' e kapa ! nga ; 12 . a way to dusty death : the matrix language turnover hypoth 13 . copper island aleut : a case of language ' resurrection ' nikolai vakhtin ; references ; index of languages ; index of names ; general index . ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html the language web : the power and problem of words jean aitchison ( university of oxford ) ; the language web : the power and problem of words ; the 1996 bbc reith lectures ; isbn : 0-521 - 57385 - 8 ; hardback , 5 1 / 4 x 8 , 152 pp . ; pub . date : 4 / 13 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 49 . 95 ; language is like a vast interconnected spider 's web . in this volume jean aitchison explores the different facets of this web , ranging from its biological nature and the way in which language is acquired by children to the way the web has aided language evolution . this is the text of the 1996 bbc reith lectures , with the addition of illustrations , suggestions for further reading and notes . an afterword looks at the reception of the lectures . contents : 1 . a web of worries : anxiety about language ; 2 . a web of deceit : the origin of language ; 3 . building the web : acquiring language ; 4 . a web of words : remembering words ; 5 . a world-wide web : options and snares . ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html english as a global language david crystal ; english as a global language ; isbn : 0-521 - 59247 - x ; hardback , 5 1 / 2 x 8 1 / 2 , 160 pp . ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 19 . 95 ; david crystal , world authority on the english language , has written a timely and informative account of the phenomenon of english as a global language . it includes a historical summary of the global facts and figures , of the current spread and status of english as a first or second language internationally ; and an informed assessment of the future of english . the book answers three basic questions : what makes a world language ? why is english the leading candidate ? and why it will continue to hold that position . it steers even-handedly through the minefield of political debate about the cultural hegemony of english , and will appeal to anyone with an interest in language issues , whatever their political views on the subject . order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html
",0
2572,"Subject: language education
 
 about language : tasks for teachers of english scott thornbury ; about language : tasks for teachers of english ; isbn : 0-521 - 42720 - 7 paperback , 6 x 9 , 287 pp . ; pub . date : 3 / 28 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 22 . 95 ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html exploring spoken english ronald carter ; exploring spoken english ; isbn : 0-521 - 56860 - 9 ; paperback , 7 x 9 , 160 pp . ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 18 . 95 ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html society and the language classroom hywel coleman ( university of leeds ) ; society and the language classroom ; isbn : 0-521 - 49616 - 0 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 249 pp . ; pub . date : 1 / 28 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 49 . 95 ; this book provides a new perspective on classroom research . through a series of case studies , the book examines the ways that learners and teachers behave in english language classrooms in different parts of the world , including australia , south africa , indonesia , japan , kenya , china and pakistan , and at primary , secondary and tertiary levels . content : 1 . autonomy and ideology in the english language classroom ; 2 . safe - talk : collusion in apartheid education ; 3 . english language education in japan ; 4 . shadow puppets and language lessons : interpreting classroom behaviour in its cultural context ; 5 . large and small class cultures in egyptian university classrooms : a cultural justification for curriculum change ; 6 . learner resistance to innovation in classroom methodology ; 7 . the effect of institutional and national cultures on examinations : the university in kenya ; 8 . through language to learning : preparing overseas students for study in western universities ; 9 . cultures of learning : language classrooms in china ; 10 . social and pedagogic pressures in the language classroom : the role of socialisation . order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html immersion education : international perspectives immersion education : international perspectives ; isbn : 0-521 - 58385 - 3 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 332 pp . ; robert keith johnson , ed . ( the university of hong kong ) ; pub . date : 4 / 30 / 97 publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 52 . 95 immersion , a relatively new approach to bilingual education , orginated in canada . it uses the target language as a medium of instruction in order to achieve "" additive bilingualism "" - - a high level of second language proficiency added to normal development in the l1 . the wide range of languages and purposes now served by immersion worldwide is illustrated by case studies of thirteen programs presented and discussed in this book . the introductory chapter defines immersion education theory and practice and shows how this approach differs from other forms of bilingual education . order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html
",0
2573,"Subject: typology
 
 we would like to bring to your attention recent publications from john benjamins publishing in the field of typology . the typology and dialectology of romani edited by : yaron matras , peter bakker and hristo kyuchukov university of manchester / aarhus universitet / university of shumen , bulgaria 1997 xxxii , 224 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 156 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 872 8 price : us $ 65 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3661 5 price : nlg 130 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com contributions to this collection focus on the unity and diversity of the language of the roma ( gypsies ) , the only indic language spoken exclusively in europe . properties discussed include the distinct inflectional and derivational patterns applied to asian and european lexical layers , the distribution of inflectional , agglutinative , and analytic formation among syntactic categories , regularities in the ongoing shift from inflectional to analytic case formation , suppletion , aspects of syntactic convergence , and patterns of morphological transitivization and de-transitivization ( causatives and passives ) . these phenomena are considered in the light of contemporary discussions on language universals , with reference to a variety of different approaches including prague school typology , functional sentence perspective , functional grammar , functional-pragmatic typology , and general grammaticalization theory . chapters partly adopt a comparative approach covering all major dialects of the language , and are partly devoted to single-dialect corpuses . special attention is given to the czech / slovak and hungarian varieties , to previously undescribed dialects from bulgaria and turkey , to codified varieties in macedonia , and to the variety of dialects discussed in the popular works of the victorian author george borrow . an extensive introduction outlines the principal morphosyntactic features of the language and provides a classification of romani dialects , including an overview of those mentioned in the volume . contributions by : peter bakker ; norbert boretzky ; vit bubenik ; petra cech ; viktor elsik ; victor a . friedman ; ian f . hancock ; mozes f . heinschink ; milena hubschmannova ; birgit igla ; yaron matras . coding the hypothetical a comparative typology of russian and macedonian conditionals . jane f . hacking the university of kansas 1997 , vi , 156 pp . studies in language companion series , 38 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 849 3 price : us $ 63 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3041 2 price : nlg 125 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com conditionals encode speculation . they convey how events could have been different in the past or present , or might be different in the future if particular conditions had been or will be met . while all languages afford the means to speculate or hypothesize about possible events , the ways in which they do so vary . this work explores some of this variation through an analysis of the structure and semantics of complex conditional sentences in russian and macedonian . it addresses typological questions about the general properties of natural language conditionals and examines the role of the grammatical categories tense , aspect , mood and status in the coding of conditional meaning . the book also discusses the relationship between the use of these categories and the shape of a language 's conditional system . for example , the use of tense in counterfactual contexts in macedonian correlates with the grammaticalization of more shades of conditional meaning than are grammaticalized in russian , which does not employ tense forms in this way . the book addresses issues of concern to slavists and raises questions for those interested in conditionals and the coding of hypothetical meaning . case , typology and grammar . in honor of barry j . blake edited by anna siewierska and jae jung song lancaster university / university of otago 1998 395 pp . typological studies in language , 38 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 651 2 price : us $ 85 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 2937 6 price : nlg 170 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this collection of fifteen original articles includes descriptive , typological and / or theoretical studies of a number of morphosyntactic phenomena , such as case , transitivity , grammaticalization , valency alternations , etc . , in a variety of languages or language groups , and discussions concerning theoretical issues in specific grammatical frameworks . the collection , written in honor of the australian linguist , barry j . blake on his 60th birthday , thematically reflects the field that professor blake has worked in over the past three decades . the volume will be of special interest to researchers in morphosyntax and linguistic typology . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
",0
2574,"Subject: new uci dissertations in linguistics
 
 irvine linguistics students association is pleased to announce the publication of the following two uci dissertations in linguistics . feature attraction and category movement brian k . agbayani university of california , irvine , 1998 this dissertation presents a new theory of movement in generative grammar within the framework of the minimalist program ( chomsky 1993 , 1994 , 1995 ) . the most important aspect of the new theory is that it departs from the standard view of move a as a unitary operation . the dissertation has three main goals . the first goal is to simplify the theory of feature checking in such a way that a single structural configuration ( namely , the head-adjunction structure ) holds for feature checking in both overt and covert syntax . the second goal is to present evidence for the split movement hypothesis , according to which a set of formal features and its associated category move to separate structural positions in syntax . the claim is that ug makes both attract and move available in the form of attract f and category movement , respectively . the former satisfies the formal requirement of feature checking , and the latter yields the phonological "" displacement "" effect of overt movement . the theory thus abandons the treatment of move a as a unitary operation . the third goal is to explore consequences for the proper characterization of locality in syntax . the split movement approach opens up a novel way to account for the traditional subjacency and condition on extraction domain effects ( huang 1982a ) that do not fall under chomsky 's ( 1995 ) attract f theory . it is argued that attract f and category movement are subject to different types of economy conditions , and that the traditional subjacency and condition on extraction domain effects should not be given a unified account , contrary to the barriers approach ( chomsky 1986a ) . the theory also derives a number of previously mysterious properties related to cross linguistic variation in extractability out of islands , the relative strength of island effects , and the nature of successive-cyclic movement . this dissertation presents a new approach to movement in syntax which overcomes the conceptual and empirical shortcomings of the traditional approach , while gaining new insights into previously mysterious phenomena and properties of natural languages . : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : parametrization of features in syntax sze - wing tang university of california , irvine , 1998 the major focus of this study is to propose a restrictive theory of parameters of universal grammar in terms of the principles-and - parameters approach . i propose that semantic features are invariant across languages ; only features that may play a role in the derivation from n to the pf interface level including phonetic features , categorial features , and affix features are subject to parametric variation , which is called the ' overt parametrization hypothesis ' ( oph ) . it is argued that where affix features are associated with a word is subject to parametric variation . movement is largely determined by morphology : movement in the overt component can be signaled by ' impoverished ' morphology ; movement of morphologically ' rich ' elements takes place in the phonological component . under this approach , a variety of syntactic differences among chinese ( cantonese and mandarin ) , english , french , japanese , navajo , and hebrew can be accounted for . based on the idea of parametrization of affix features , i claim that t has an affix feature [ - v ] in english . such an affix feature is missing in chinese . consequently , there is no v - to - t movement in chinese and v moves out of vp in english . a number of apparently disparate differences between these two languages , including postverbal no-phrases , the distribution of focus elements , binominal each , the ' sov ' focalization construction , scopal ambiguity of quantifiers , definiteness of preverbal numeral phrases , gapping , and heavy np shift , receive a unified explanation . the data presented as evidence for the claim that categorial features are subject to parametric variation are primarily based on small clauses in chinese , english , and japanese . it is argued that chinese small clauses are bare , english small clauses are ' not-so - bare ' , and japanese allows both types of small clauses . the major typological differences among these languages regarding the structure of small clauses are derived from a parameter related to the combination of categorial features of nouns and adjectives . the findings lend support to the oph . : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : also available : > uci dissertations in linguistics griffith , teresa a . 1996 projecting transitivity and agreement ikawa , hajime 1996 overt movement as a reflex of morphology ishii , toru 1997 an asymmetry in the composition of phrase structure and its consequences li , xiaoguang 1997 deriving distributivity in mandarin chinese takano , yuji 1996 movement and parametric variation in syntax zoerner , cyril edward 1995 coordination : the syntax of &p us $ 14 each , plus shipping and handling > uci working papers in linguistics , volume 3 ( 1997 ) . edited by luther > chen - sheng liu and kazue takeda articles appearing in the third volume are : brian agbayani : category raising , adjunction , and minimality lisa lai - shen cheng : "" partial "" wh - movement naoki fukui : attract and the a - over - a principle toru ishii : the "" crossing "" constraint and the minimal link condition luther chen - sheng liu : light verb and accusative - ing gerund in taiwanese yuji takano : scrambling and partial object shift kazue takeda : a note on locality of category movement and feature movement sze - wing tang : the parametric approach to the resultative construction in chinese and english miyoko yashui : identification of ellipses and other empty categories us $ 14 , plus shipping and handling > uci working papers in linguistics , volume 2 : proceedings of the south > western optimality theory workshop ( swot ii ) . edited by brian agbayani > and naomi harada us $ 12 , plus shipping and handling > uci working papers in linguistics , volume 1 . edited by brian agbayani , > kazue takeda and sze - wing tang us $ 12 , plus shipping and handling shipping and handling ( per item ) domestic : $ 4 ; canada : $ 6 ; mexico : $ 7 ( airmail ) , $ 5 ( surface ) ; elsewhere : $ 12 ( airmail ) , $ 7 ( surface ) * international shipping and handling rates are subject to the numbers of items ordered and location . please contact < ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu > in ordering more than one item from abroad . prepayment required . please make checks or money orders payable to ' ilsa-asuci ' . we cannot accept credit card payment . payment must be in us funds , drawn on a us bank . please allow 4 - 6 weeks for delivery . send order form and payment to : irvine linguistics students association , school of social sciences , university of california , irvine , irvine , ca 92697 , u . s . a . please address inquires to ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu order form customer information name : street address : city , province / state : country , zip code : telephone number : e - mail : item quantity price per item total uciwpl - 2 $ 12 $ uciwpl - 1 $ 12 $ uciwpl - 3 $ 14 $ agbayani $ 14 $ griffith $ 14 $ ikawa $ 14 $ ishii $ 14 $ li $ 14 $ takano $ 14 $ tang $ 14 $ zoerner $ 14 $ shipping : $ total : $ for more information about uci working papers in linguistics and uci dissertations in linguistics , please contact < ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu > or see ilsa 's homepage < http : / / www . socsci . uci . edu / ling / ilsa / ilsahp . html > . tables of contents of uciwpl and abstracts of ucidl are available in ilsa 's homepage . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ irvine linguistics students association ( ilsa ) school of social sciences university of california , irvine irvine , ca 92697-5100 , u . s . a . ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu http : / / www . socsci . uci . edu / ling / ilsa / ilsahp . html
",0
2575,"Subject: encyclopedia
 
 the cambridge encyclopedia of language david crystal ; the cambridge encyclopedia of language ( second edition ) ; isbn : 0-521 - 55050 - 5 ; hardback , 8 1 / 2 x 11 , 488 pp . ; pub . date : 1 / 28 / 9 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 69 . 95 ; this second edition of "" the cambridge encyclopedia of language "" presents a mass of new information and introduces the subject of language to a fresh generation of students and general readers . probably the most successful general study of language ever published , "" the cambridge encyclopedia of language "" covers all the major themes of language study , including popular ideas about language , language and identity , the structure of language , speaking and listening , writing , reading , and signing , language acquisition , the neurological basis of language , and languages of the world . exposing this work to a new generation of readers , the second edition extends the range of coverage to include advances in areas such as machine translation , speech interaction with machines , and language teaching . there is new material on acoustics , physiological concepts of language , and world english , and a complete update of the language distribution maps , language-speaking statistics , table of the world 's languages , and further reading . all geopolitical material has been revised to take account of boundary changes . the book has been redesigned and is presented for the first time in full color , with new pictures and maps added . contents : i . popular ideas about language / 1 . the prescriptive tradition / 2 . the equality of languages / 3 . the magic of language / 4 . the functions of language / 5 . language and thought / ii . language and identity / 6 . physical identity / 7 . psychological identity / 8 . geographical identity / 8 . ethnic and national identity / 10 . social identity / 11 . contextual identity / 12 . stylistic identity and literature / iii . the structure of language / 13 . linguistic levels / 14 . typology and universals / 15 . the statistical structure of language / 16 . grammar / 17 . semantics / 18 . dictionaries / 19 . names / 20 . discourses and text / 21 . pragmatics and listening / 22 . the anatomy and physiology of speech / 23 . the acoustics of speech / 24 . the instrumental / 25 . speech reception / 26 . speech interaction with machines / 27 . the sounds of speech / 28 . the linguistic use of sound / 29 . suprasegmentals / 30 . sound symbolism / v . the medium of language : writing and reading / 31 . written and spoken language / 32 . graphic expression / 33 . graphology / 34 . the process of reading and writing / vi . the medium of language : signing and seeing / 35 . sign language / 36 . sign language structure / 37 . types of sign language / vii . child language acquistion / 38 . investigating children 's language / 39 . the first year / 40 . phonological development / 41 . grammatical development / 42 . semantic development / 43 . pragmatic development / 44 . languagedevelopment in school / viii . language , brain , and handicap / 45 . language and the brain / 46 . language handicap / ix . the languages of the world / 47 . how many languages ? / 48 . how many speakers ? / 49 . the origins of language / 50 . families of languages / 51 . the indo - european family / 52 . other families / 53 . language isolates / 54 . language change / 55 . pidgins and creoles / x . language in the world / 56 . the language barrier / 57 . translating and interpreting / 58 . artificial languages / 59 . world languages / 60 . multilingualism / 61 . language planning / 62 . foreign language learning and teaching / 63 . language for special purposes / xi . language and communication / 64 . language and other communication systems / 65 . linguistics / appendices : i . glossary ; ii . special symbols and abbreviations used in the encyclopedia ; iii . table of the world 's languages ; iv . further reading ; v . references ; vi . index of languages , families , dialects , and scripts ; vii . index of authors and personalities ; viii . index of topics . order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html the cambridge encyclopedia of the english language david crystal ; the cambridge encyclopedia of the english language ; isbn : 0-521 - 59655 - 6 ; paperback , 8 5 / 8 x 11 , 500 pp . ; publisher : cambridge university press $ 27 . 95 this celebrated book offers a unique experience of the english language in all its richness and diversity . clear and accessible , it abounds with insights into how the language evolved and how it works . superbly illustrated in color throughout , and updated for this first paperback edition , "" the cambridge encyclopedia of the english language "" is the most comprehensive general reference book on the history , structure , and worldwide use of english ever written . order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html
",0
2576,"Subject: new series : studies in corpus linguistics
 
 john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to a new series ; studies in corpus linguistics studies in corpus linguistics aims to provide insights into the way a corpus can be used , the type of findings that can be obtained , the possible applications of these findings as well as the theoretical changes that corpus work can bring into linguistics and language engineering . the main concern of scl will be to present findings based on , or related to , the cumulative effect of naturally occurring language and on the interpretation of frequency and distributional data . general editor : elena tognini - bonelli consulting editor : wolfgang teubert terms in context jennifer pearson 1998 xii , 246 pp . studies in corpus linguistics , 1 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 342 4 price : us $ 69 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 2269 x price : nlg 138 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com terms in context applies the methodology that has been developed over the last two decades in corpus linguistics to the relatively new and still little developed field of corpus-based terminography . while corpora are already being used by some terminologists fro the identification of terms and retrieval of contextual fragments , his book describes the first attempt to use corpora for terminography in much the same way as large general reference corpora are already being used for general language lexicography . the author goes beyond the standard problem of identifying terms , as opposed to non-terminological lexical items in text and focuses on identifying metalanguage patterns which point to the presence in text of ( parts of ) reusable definitions of terms . the author examines these and shows how the information which they contain can be retrieved and used as input for terminological entries . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
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2577,"Subject: recent publications on pragmatics
 
 we would like to bring to your attention recent publications from john benjamins publishing in the field of pragmatics : relevance theory . applications and implications . edited by robyn carston , nam sun song and seiji uchida university college london / nara women 's university 1998 x , 299 pp . pragmatics & beyond new series , 37 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 330 0 price : us $ 70 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 5049 9 price : nlg 140 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this collection of papers arises from a meeting of relevance theorists held in osaka , may 29-30 , 1993 . speakers at the conference included both of the originators of the theory , dan sperber and deirdre wilson , the editors of this volume and several other japanese linguists and pragmatists , all of whose work is included . the full breadth and richness of relevance theory is represented here , both in its applications to problems of utterance interpretation , that fall squarely within the domain of pragmatics , and its implications for linguistic semantics . several papers investigate and assess the theory 's account of figurative uses of language , such as irony , metaphor and metonymy . other central pragmatic issues include a relevance-driven account of generalized implicature , the role of bridging implicatures in reference assignment , the way in which different intonation patterns contribute to the relevance of an utterance and the application of the theory to literary texts . the recently developed semantic distinction between conceptually and procedurally encoded meaning , motivated by relevance-theoretic considerations , is employed in new accounts of several japanese particles and in a fresh perspective on the phenomenon of metalinguistic negation . the volume comes with a comprehensive glossary of relevance-theoretic terms . contributions by : dan wilson & deirdre sperber ; keiko tanaka ; reiko itani ; kunihiko imai ; nam sun song ; akiko yoshimura ; tomoko matsui ; seiji uchida ; robyn carston ; ken - ichi seto ; hideki hamamoto ; masa - aki yamanashi ; dan sperber & deirdre wilson . political discourse in transition in europe ( 1989-1991 ) edited by : paul a . chilton , mikhail v . ilyin and jacob l . mey university of warwick / moscow institute of international relations / odense university 1998 x , 272 pp . pragmatics & beyond new series , 36 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 329 7 price : us $ 69 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 5048 0 price : nlg 138 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com the year 1989 brought political upheavals in central , eastern and southern europe , the effects of which have not yet ended . the political discourse of the cold war period disintegrated and gave way to competing alternatives . the contributors to this book are linguists , discourse analysts and social scientists , from all corners of the continent , whose tools of analysis shed light on the crucial two years of transition during which political concepts and political interaction changed in dramatic and sometimes violent ways . contributions by : mikhail v . ilyin ; paul chilton ; jacob mey ; victor sergeyev and nikolai biryukov ; georgii pocheptsov ; alexandre bourmeyster ; ludmila minaeva ; marina kaul ; elena borisova ; anatolii baranov ; christina schiffner and peter porsch ; kay richardson ; pierre achard ; ida kurcz ; christina teichmann ; jasna levinger . discourse of silence dennis kurzon university of haifa 1998 vi , 162 pp . pragmatics & beyond new series , 49 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 811 6 price : us $ 48 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 5062 6 price : nlg 96 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this book deals initially with the interpretation of the silent answer to a question . from a semiotic approach to the contrast between silence and speech mainly within a greimasian framework - an approach which shows insights into the general relationship between silence and speech , the discussion then turns to the application of pragmatic tools such as conversational analysis and adjacency pairs to the interpretation of silence . a model is presented which attempts to explain the observer 's cognitive competence , and its limits , in being able to interpret the silent answer . a basic distinction is also made between intentional silence ( the refusal to answer ) and non-intentional silence ( the psychological inability to answer ) . the interpretation of silence is then extended from a theoretical viewpoint to an analysis of various discourse types . firstly , silence in the legal world is discussed mainly in terms of the accused 's and the witness 's right of silence , especially their intentionally silent answers to lawyers ' questions . this develops into the "" transitivization "" of silence - the right of courts to silence lawyers ' references to the silence of witnesses , and the right of legal authorities to silence the broadcasting of direct speech . the study gradually moves away from the direct application of the model to the silent answer , and addresses the silencing of characters in a literary text ( jane austen 's pride and prejudice ) , in a biblical text ( moses and speech impediment in exodus ) , in opera ( moses ' silence in schoenberg 's opera , moses und aron ) , and in the final chapter , in the cinema . here , after the initial discussion of ingmar bergman 's the silence , focus is shifted to the generation gap and the representation of silence by song in mike nichols ' the graduate . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
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2578,"Subject: coling-acl ' 98 registration deadline
 
 early registration for coling-acl ' 98 ends july 1 . to benefit from reduced rates , your registration form and your payment must be received by that date . for further information on the conference and on how to register , consult the conference web site at : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca
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2579,"Subject: nlp + ia 98 / tal + ai 98 registration info
 
 international conference on natural language processing and industrial applications nlp + ia 98 > > > special accent on computer assisted language learning < < < conference internationale sur le traitement automatique des langues et ses applications industrielles tal + ai 98 > > > attention speciale portee a l ' enseignement de la langue < < < august / aout 18-21 , 1998 moncton , new - brunswick , canada official languages : english and french are the official languages of the conference . proceedings would be published in the language of the submitted texts . conference organization : the conference is organized by gretal , groupe d ' etude sur le traitement automatique des langues at the universite ' de moncton and geta-clips in grenoble . organizing committee chadia moghrabi , professor of computer science , chair jalal almhana , professor and director of computer science julien chiasson , professor of computer science sadek eid , professor of industrial engineering , director manufacturing technology centre , boubakeur meddeb - hamrouni , researcher geta and winsoft paul tarau , professor of computer science international program committee : susan armstrong ( issco , geneva , switzerland ) roberto basili ( roma , italy ) christian boitet ( geta , grenoble , france ) pierrette bouillon ( geneva , switzerland ) harry bunt ( tilburg , netherlands ) nicoletta calzolari ( ilc / cnr , pisa , italy ) remi chadel ( inxight , xerox , france ) thierry chanier ( franche - comte , france ) jean - pierre chanod ( xerox , france ) marcel cori ( paris-7 , france ) veronica dahl ( simon fraser , canada ) anne de roeck ( essex , uk ) chrysanne dimarco ( logos , waterloo , canada ) eva hajicova ( charles u . , prague ) henry hamburger ( george mason , usa ) howard hamilton ( regina , canada ) graeme hirst ( toronto , canada ) john hutchins ( east anglia , uk ) pierre isabelle ( rali , montreal , canada ) margaret king ( issco , switzerland ) ruddy lelouche ( laval , canada ) michael levison ( queens , canada ) kathleen mccoy ( delaware , usa ) chadia moghrabi ( moncton , canada ) johanna moore ( pennsylvania , usa ) yael ravin ( ibm , usa ) larry reeker ( national science foundation , usa ) mark seligman ( geta-clips & red pepper , usa ) arnold smith ( nrc , canada ) manfred stede ( tu - berlin , germany ) john tait ( sunderland , uk ) paul tarau ( moncton , canada ) junichi tsujii ( umist & tokyo , japan ) thierry van steenberghe ( louvain - la - neuve , belgium ) eric wehrli ( geneva , switzerland ) yorick wilks ( sheffield , uk ) invited speakers : margaret king : issco , university of geneva , switzerland talkk on language resources and evaluation / ressources et evaluation linguistiques thierry chanier : universite franche - comte , france presentation sur le lien entre l ' enseignement de la langue et le tal / talk on relationship between call and nlp make sure not to miss them . . . soyez - la ! papers & posters to be presented : ( in no special order ) modeles humains dans un systeme multi-agents orientes apprentissage et detection-correction d ' erreurs ; jacques menezo ; france multilingual lexical resources for large-scale text generation cornelia m . verspoor , vicente uceda and cecile paris ; australia speech and language interaction in a ( virtual ) cultural theatre a . van hessen , a . nijholt , et al . ; netherlands un systme d ' apprentissage assist par ordinateur de la gnration de phrases en arabe riadh zaafrani ; france structuring a network of lexical cooccurrences into topic representations by analyzing texts olivier ferret and brigitte grau ; france producing nlp - based on - line contentware francis wolinski , frantz vichot , olivier grmont ; france integration of nlp tools in an intelligent computer assisted language learning environment for basque : idazkide . daz de ilarraza , a . maritxalar , m . maritxalar & m . oronoz ; spain using constraints for suppressing dead ends in grammars . cyril garde & claude lai ; france improving tagging accuracy by using voting taggers l . mrquez , l . padr , h . rodrguez ; catalonia , spain translation examples browser : japanese to english translation aid for news articles tadashi kumano , hideki tanaka , noriyoshi uratani & terumasa ehara ; japan a statistics - based approach to chinese prepositional phrase disambiguation kam - fai wong & wen - jie li ; hong kong minori - fra : logiciel d ' enseignement du francais en milieu minoritaire chadia moghrabi ; canada safran - grammaire marie - josee hamel & anne vandeventer ; uk & suisse learning spanish and catalan verbs through eurowordnet m . antonia marti & roser morante ; spain error diagnosis for language learning systems wolfgang menzel & ingo schroeder ; germany computer - assisted writing system : improving readability with respect to information structure nobo komagata ; usa limination de la redondance dans la gnration automatique de descriptions de comportement de systmes dynamiques nicole tourigny et laurence capus ; canada un systme automatique de diagnostic d ' erreurs pour l ' elao anne vandeventer ; suisse gnrer de faon automatique des rsums grce des expriences similaires laurence capus et nicole tourigny ; canada a syntactic verification system for arabic texts based on a robust parser and using a large compressed lexicon riadh ouersighni ; france natural language technology in precision content retrieval jacek ambroziak and william a . woods ficus - un agent dictionaire coopratif extensible mathieu lafourcade & jacques chauche ; france a two - stage model for robust parsing erik oltmans ; netherlands analyse morphologique et voyellation assiste par ordinateur de la langue arabe malek ghenima ontologies - based relevant information retrieval f . - y . villemin ; france delegating actions from texts in a virtual environment fabrice tabordet , fabrice pied , and pierre nugues ; france an autonomous , web-based , multilingual corpus collection tool jim cowie , eugene ludovik & ron zacharski ; usa problmes scientifiques intressants en traduction de parole christian boitet ; france centering theory and resolving it in business texts gregory f . roberts ; usa tr-aid : a memory - based translation aid framework stelios piperidis , christos malavazos , ioannis triantafyllou ; greece a transformational approach to nl understanding in dialogue systems danny lie , joris hulstijn , rieks op den akker , anton nijholt ; netherlands reluctantly paraphrasing text mark dras ; australia improving robust domain independent summarization jim cowie , eugene ludovik , & hugo molijna - salgado ; usa language learning data : online confusion lisa harper and florence reeder ; usa nlp and radiology reports gees c stein & tomek strzalkowski ; usa blak , un assistant de dcouverte des caractres chinois , fonctionnement par accs dynamique des ressources lexicales varies l . fischer , g . fafiotte ; france text expansion using temporal and causal relations yllias chali ; canada automatic generation of on - line help : a practical approcah cecile paris and keith vander linden ; australia &usa to integrate your language web tools - call web ct sabine siekmann ; usa l 'd ition lexicographique dans un systme gnrique de gestion de bases lexicales multilingues g . srasset , m . mangeot ; france how the construction of a computer system may influence language teaching practices : the communication situation variables r . lelouche , d . huot ; canada concordances avances sur corpus spcialis pour l ' enseignement de l ' anglais technique p . - y . foucou & n . kbler ; france cross - linguistic resources for mt evaluation and language training lisa hale decrozant , dr clare r . voss ; usa nlp for text classification : the trevi experience r . basili , m . v . marabello , l . mazzucchelli , & m . t . pazienza ; italy dictionnaires lectroniques et analyse morphologique jerzy sitko ; france integrating language generation and prosody control pierre larey , nadine bigouroux , & guy prennou ; france mulinex multilingual web search and anvigation joanne capstick , abdel kader diagne , gregor erbach , & hans uszkoreit ; germany , italy , france & belgium kurdish language technology and planning siamak rezaei durroei ; uk intonation , vowel length , and ' well ' : thhe intersection of phonology and discourse analysis and its effects on meaning interpretation in conversation jason miller ; usa reprsentation smantique oriente - objets de requtes en langage naturel abdelmajid benhamadou ; tunisia programme of activities : tuesday august 18 : 19 : 00-21 : 00 registration wednesday august 19 : 8 : 30-15 : 15 opening plenary session oral presentations 15 : 30-17 : 30 posters and demo sessions 18 : 30-19 : 15 cashbar 19 : 30 - banquet thursday august 20 : 8 : 30-15 : 30 oral presentations 15 : 30 - outing and dinner friday august 21 : 8 : 30-17 h30 invited speaker oral presentations closing plenary session exhibits : anyone wishing to arrange an exhibit or present a demonstration can still send a brief electronic description along with a specification of physical requirements ( table size , power , telephone connections , number of chairs , etc . ) to nlp + ia - 98 @ imag . fr with the single word exhibit in the subject line . other activities : accompanying persons can enjoy the lovely outdoor living in new - brunswick and visit the highest tides in the world . moncton is only 20km away from the sandy beaches of shediac , la capitale mondiale du homard . registration fees : the registration fees are 475 canadian dollars per participant . they include : conference proceedings continental breakfast for three days coffee breaks for three days banquet on wednesday evening taxes optional additional fees : 65 c $ : lunches for three days 110 c $ : outing and dinner * subject to number of participants * hotel & lodging : hotel fees and reservations are not included in the conference fees and are to be arranged separately by the participants , the information cited here is for convenience , you have to contact them yourself and confirm the prices . hotel beausejour 750 main street , moncton . 130 c $ ( including taxes ) for one or two people per room , one or two beds 15 c $ ( including taxes ) per additional person ( max 4 per room ) , two beds . * the hotel 's restaurant has won a 4 diamond award . . . * fax : ( 506 ) 858-0957 , tel : ( 506 ) 854-4344 . keddy 's brunswick hotel : 1005 main street , moncton . 92 c $ including taxes one person one bed 105 c $ "" "" for one person one bed 115 c $ "" "" for two persons two beds * fax : ( 506 ) 382-8923 , tel : ( 506 ) 854-6340 . rodd 's park house inn - travelodge : 434 main street , moncton . 75 c $ including taxes for one double bed . 85 cs "" "" for two double beds . * prices were given by bed and not by person * fax : ( 506 ) 855-9494 , tel ( 506 ) 382-1664 hotel canadiana : 46 archibald street , moncton . 75 c $ including taxes per room * tel : ( 506 ) 382-1054 these hotels are in downtown moncton and are less than 10km from the airport . the taxi cab from there costs around 12-15 c $ . please e-mail , fax or mail the following form : please cut here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - conference registration international conference on natural language processing and industrial applications nlp + ia 98 conference internationale sur le traitement automatique des langues et ses applications industrielles tal + ai 98 august / aout 18-21 1998 moncton , new - brunswick , canada participant name ( mr . ( ) , ms . ( ) ) only one person per form . family name : first name : title / profession : institution : postal address : city : country : telephone : fax : e - mail : amount enclosed : conference fee $ 475 lunchs $ 65 yes ( ) no ( ) outing $ 110 yes ( ) no ( ) total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( hotel fees and reservations are not included ) payment : all payments must be made in canadian dollars and paid to : universite de moncton , c / o nlp + ia / tal + ai 98 . all transfer fees are the participant 's responsibility . payments must be remitted as follows ( choose one option ) : ( ) by bank transfer to the national bank of canada / banque nationale du canada account # : 00007-25 transit # : 10351-006 . * the transit number indicates the branch in moncton with which the university deals . it is a must . * nlp + ia / tal + ai should also be indicated . it is a must . * transaction / transfer id number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ it is a must * a copy of of your transfer receipt with all the above information should be faxed to us for reference / claims puposes . if you have an accepted submission , you can send it with your camera-ready version of your paper . it is a must . ( ) credit card * visa or mastercard only * this form * must be faxed or mailed not e-mailed * if registration is paid by credit card . visa ( ) mastercard ( ) card no . : expiry date : cardholder 's name : cardholder 's phone : cardholder 's signature : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dr . chadia moghrabi , professeure * * nlp + ia / tal + ai 98 * * faculte des sciences * * universite de moncton tel : ( 506 ) 858-4521 * * moncton , n . - b . fax : ( 506 ) 858-4541 * * e1a 3e9 , canada e-mail : nlp + ia - 98 @ imag . fr * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * please cut here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - we would appreciate receiving a copy of your hotel reservations for reference purposes ( not the credit card information . . . ) . hope to see you in moncton . . .
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2580,"Subject: tense and mood selection
 
 conference on syntax and semantics of tense and mood selection 2 - 4 july , 1998 department of education and communications sciences university of bergamo organisers : alessandra giorgi , university of bergamo , giorgi @ ibguniv . unibg . it fabio pianesi , irst , trento , pianesi @ irst . itc . it local organisation : dott . a molani sig . ra michela perrottelli secretary of the department : sig . ra flora drago flora @ ibguniv . unibg . it tel : + 39 - ( 0 ) 35-277421 registration : wednesday , 6 - 7 . 30 pm , room 14 , piazza vecchia 8 ( bergamo alta ) thursday , july 2nd , 1998 registration and conference site : room 15 , piazza vecchia 8 ( bergamo alta ) 9 . 00 - 9 . 15 opening address - prof . a . castoldi ( dean of the faculty ) and prof . m . ceruti ( head of the department ) 9 . 15 - 10 . 15 j . higginbotham ( invited speaker - somerville college , oxford ) - "" temporal subordination in english "" 10 . 15 - 10 . 30 break 10 . 30 - 11 . 10 m . hackl & j . nissenbaum ( mit ) - "" variable modal force in for - infinitival relative clauses "" 11 . 10 - 11 . 50 a . giannakidou ( amsterdam ) & f . zwarts ( groeningen ) "" semantic restrictions on tense / aspect combinations with temporal connectives "" 11 . 50 - 12 . 50 a . von stechow ( invited speaker - tuebingen ) - "" where is anteriority in ( german ) perfect constructions ? "" 12 . 50 - 14 lunch 14 . 00 - 15 . 00 a . bonomi ( invited speaker - milano ) - "" semantical considerations on the progressive reading of the imperfective . "" 15 . 00 - 15 . 40 s . rothstein ( bar - ilan ) - "" achievements and progressives "" 15 . 40 - 16 . 20 g . a . broadwell ( albany ) & g . brugger ( ucla ) - "" variability in aspectual orientation : the perfective in choctaw "" 16 . 20 - 16 . 40 break 16 . 40 - 17 . 20 r . amritavalli ( hyderabad ) - "" tense , aspect and mood in kannada "" 17 . 20 - 18 . 00 kiyomi kusumoto ( amherst ) - "" a theory of sequence of tense : evidence from a non - sequence-of - tense language "" 18 . 00 - 19 . 00 t . stowell ( invited speaker - ucla ) - "" sequence of tense and indexicality "" friday , july 3rd , 1998 conference site : room 15 , piazza vecchia 8 ( bergamo alta ) 9 . 00 - 10 . 00 p . molinelli ( invited speaker - bergamo ) - "" sequence of tense and mood selection in late latin "" 10 . 00 - 10 . 40 a . mittwoch ( jerusalem ) - "" tense for the quick and the dead "" 10 . 40 - 11 . 00 break 11 . 00 - 11 . 40 t . moia ( lisboa ) - "" on the semantics of temporal connectives expressing anteriority and posteriority "" 11 . 40 - 12 . 40 s . iatridou ( invited speaker - mit ) - "" the role of tense , mood and aspect in the expression of counterfactuality "" 12 . 40 - 14 . 00 lunch 14 . 00 - 15 . 00 g . cinque ( invited speaker - venezia ) - "" on the order of tense and aspect heads "" 15 . 00 - 15 . 40 h . demirdache ( vancouver ) & m . uribe - etxebarria ( vitoria - gasteiz ) - "" towards a restrictive theory of the diversity of temporal systems "" 15 . 40 - 16 . 20 t . bhattacharya ( ucl , london ) - "" the subjunctive in bangla "" 16 . 20 - 16 . 40 break 16 . 40 - 17 . 40 d . abusch ( invited speaker - stuttgart ) - "" toward a compositional representation for tense , infinitivals and futurity . "" 17 . 40 - 18 . 00 break 18 . 00 - 19 . 30 plenary discussion - chairs : i . heim ( mit ) & j . higginbotham ( oxford ) 20 . 30 social dinner saturday , july 4th , 1998 conference site : room 15 , piazza vecchia 8 ( bergamo alta ) 9 . 30 - 10 . 30 a . giorgi ( bergamo ) & f . pianesi ( itc-irst , trento ) - "" generalised double access reading "" 10 . 30 - 11 . 10 b . hollebrandse ( umass , amherst ) - "" the acquisition of sequence of tense "" 11 . 10 - 11 . 30 break 11 . 30 - 12 . 10 g . katz ( tuebingen ) - "" present - oriented constructions and the perfectivity parameter "" 12 . 10 - 13 . 10 h . kamp ( invited speaker - stuttgart ) - "" deixis and context dependence of time denoting nps and temporal adverbs "" alternates c . gronemeyer ( lund ) - "" the syntactic basis of evidentiality in lithuanian "" m . r . manzini ( firenze ) - "" the syntax of the subjunctive "" m . ippolito ( mit ) - "" reference time and tense anaphora "" organising support by : dott . a molani sig . ra michela perrottelli secretary of the department : sig . ra flora drago flora @ ibguniv . unibg . it tel : + 39 - ( 0 ) 35-277421 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - how to get to bergamo : milano linate and milano malpensa are the closest international airports . bergamo is about 30 miles away from milan . a taxi from linate to bergamo would cost approximately 80 $ . a taxi from malpensa would cost approximately 120 $ . - if you arrive at milano linate take the bus to "" milano centrale "" station ; the bus leaves every 20 minutes and takes 15 minutes to arrive at the station . - if you arrive at milano malpensa take the bus to "" milano centrale "" station ; the bus leaves every half an hour and takes almost an hour to arrive at the station . - from milano centrale there are some trains to bergamo . otherwise , take the metro from centrale to milano porta garibaldi station ( two stops on the green line ) ; here you find more trains to bergamo . some trains go directly from milan to bergamo , others stop in carnate usmate , where you have to get a connection train to bergamo : both ways take the same time ( 50 minutes ) and cost the same . just take the first train leaving either to carnate or to bergamo . - from venice ( or padua ) : take a train going toward milan and get off in brescia . take the first train to bergamo ( 50 minutes ) . please notice that there are no trains during the night ( after 11pm ) ! more detailed information about trains can be found at the www of ferrovie dello stato ( italian railways ) , where train schedule , bookings , etc . . are also available . the address is : http : / / www . fs-on - line . com / - there is a small airport in bergamo : orio al serio . check at your travel agency whether there are connecting flights which might be useful to you . - once in bergamo : the conference site is in bergamo alta ( the ancient town ) . buy a bus ticket ( about $ 1 ) , take the bus number 1 to the funicolare and then with the same ticket you can take the funicular to the top . if you need further information please do not hesitate to contact us : giorgi @ ibguniv . unibg . it fax 39-35 - 235136 ; from june 19 : 39-035 - 235136 pianesi @ irst . itc . it fax 39-461 - 302040 ; from june 19 : 39-0461 - 302040 secretary , ms flora drago : flora @ ibguniv . unibg . it fax 39-35 - 235136 ; from june 19 : 39-035 - 235136 please notice that starting from june 19 you have to insert a "" 0 "" before the area code . best wishes and see you soon alessandra giorgi & fabio pianesi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hotels sr = single room dr = double room bergamo alta ( the ancient town , where the conference will take place ) . hotel name san lorenzo , piazza mascheroni 9 sr : itl 138 . 000 breakfast incl . tel . 035-237383 ; fax 035-261661 dr : itl 198 . 000 breakfast incl . san vigilio , via san vigilio 15 dr : itl 170 . 000 no breakfast incl . tel . 035-253179 ; fax 035-402081 agnello d ' oro , via gombito 22 sr : itl75 . 000 no breakfast incl . tel . 035-249883 ; fax 035 - 235612 dr : itl 125 . 000 no breakfast incl . bergamo bassa ( very close to bergamo alta , 10 minutes by bus / funicular , and very well connected even at night ) arli , largo porta nuova 12 sr : itl 128 . 000 no breakfast incl . tel . 035-222014 ; fax 035-239732 dr : itl 160 . 000 no breakfast incl . piemontese , p . le g . marconi 11 sr : it l96 . 000 breakfast incl . tel . 035-242629 ; fax 035-230400 dr : itl 136 . 000 breakfast incl . commercio , via tasso 88 sr : ilt 77 . 000 breakfast incl . tel . 035-224096 ; fax 035-220451 dr : itl 110 . 000 breakfast incl . san giorgio , via san giorgio 10 sr : itl 55 . 000 no breakfast incl . tel . 035-212043 ; fax 035 - 310072 dr : itl 90 . 000 no breakfast incl . youth hostel , via galileo ferraris 1 , tel & fax : 035-361724 for further travel information you can contact : agenzia viaggi lorandi , tel . 035-222244 ; fax 035-225053 please notice that it is necessary to reserve in advance , because summer is "" high season "" and last minute arrangements might fail . important : if you want to attend the conference , please send us an e-mail message , or a fax ! we hope to see you in bergamo ! alessandra giorgi & fabio pianesi addresses and fax numbers : a . giorgi dept . of education and communications sciences university of bergamo piazza vecchia 8 24 100 bergamo , italy giorgi @ ibguniv . unibg . it fax 39-35 - 235136 ; from june 19 : 39-035 - 235136 pianesi @ irst . itc . it fax 39-461 - 302040 ; from june 19 : 39-0461 - 302040 secretary , ms flora drago : flora @ ibguniv . unibg . it fax 39-35 - 235136 ; from june 19 : 39-035 - 235136
",0
2581,"Subject: language and gender
 
 project : the de / construction of gender roles through language variation and change : international perspectives marlis hellinger and hadumod bussmann ( eds . ) dear linguists , actually , we had already closed the list of languages / authors ( with some 30 languages now on the project ) , but recently three languages "" dropped out "" , and we are looking for someone who could contribute on chinese , romanian , or yiddish . maybe hungarian could still be added . the original call for contributions ran as follows : since the establishment of feminist linguistics more than two decades ago a wealth of theoretical and empirical information has become available and we believe it is time for a collection that looks across individual language boundaries . we are therefore compiling a volume on the structural and functional aspects of gender-related variation and change in different languages . we are primarily concerned with structural properties of a language ( categories of gender , word-formation , pronominalization ) and speakers ' linguistic choices in talking about or as women and men . we are also interested in learning about the tendencies of variation and change ( including , where applicable , language politics ) as these reflect changes in the relationship between the sexes . would anyone be interested in participating ? or could someone suggest potential authors to us ? details on the project would then be made available . reply to : hellinger @ em . uni-frankfurt . de
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2582,"Subject: amta workshop on embedded mt systems - cfp
 
 workshop announcement - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - workshop on embedded mt systems call for papers design , construction , and evaluation of systems with an mt component wednesday , october 28 , 1998 ( preceding the amta 98 conference ) sheraton bucks county hotel , langhorne , pennsylvania introduction as the strengths and weaknesses of machine translation ( mt ) engines have become better understood and accepted , there has been a marked increase in the development of computer systems with anembedded mt component . one consequence of this shift to "" embedded mt "" is that researchers , developers , as well as users have begun pushing the limits on the input that such systems will accept for translation . in so doing , a new class of problems has surfaced : any input - - - whether it appears in physical form on paper , in electronic form on-line , or mixed in with another modality such as graphics or video - - - will bring with it some unknown mix of noisy natural language data as well as non-linguistic data . how are systems with an mt component to be designed and evaluated given the challenge this input brings ? the objective of this workshop is to examine and evaluate techniques for adjusting this "" linguistic impedance mismatch "" between the real-world input and the natural language input expected by various mt engines . thus the workshop will focus on computational approaches to preprocessing system input for mt engines andon statistical methods for evaluating systems with an embedded mt component . linguistic preprocessing in image data for researchers working with image data , there is currently underway an effort to augment ocr ( optical character recognition ) engines with linguistic data as they recognize and convert bitmap data into characters - - - similar to what has already been done in speech recognition with linguistic data in hmms ( hidden markov models ) . other ocr researchers have also experimented with image-level early topic detection using word-shape recognition . in principle , this could provide a first-step filtering of documents into a more homogeneous mt input set , a desirable goal for mt evaluation . thus we expect that individuals working with or intending to incorporate ocr into their computer systems will be interested in this new area . linguistic preprocessing in online data for those working with online input , even though the characters are already present , there often still remains the task of preprocessing meaningful , symbolic character strings that are not a part of the text to be translated . for some systems , the rules for identifying and encapsulating or removing such strings may need to be hand-crafted over time as mt engine limitations surface . for others , a combination of hand-crafted rules and statistically trained nl models has worked . many have observed that the html annotations , alphanumeric items , spreadsheet and word processing codes are harder to weed out than originally expected . research efforts with the low-density and less-commonly taught languages , as well as more common ones , encounter a substantial problem with variation in spelling conventions and transcription preferences . for those natural languages that are primarily spoken and not written , for example , this is frequently the case . researchers working on this class of problem have built variants on spell checkers ( sc ) , components that standardize words to one orthography ( spelling convention ) before submitting it to an mt engine . an idea that has arisen for this component is to build in an option to adjust the level of sc correction - - - as would be relevant when input after ocr nonetheless varies from very noisy to relatively clean . evaluation of embedded mt systems among those working on statistical methods for evaluating systems with an embedded mt component , we have seen two distinct trends . one group of statisticians has begun looking for appropriate models from outside the world of mt evaluation , examining the efforts by others to take distinct metrics for components and combine them for an overall system-level metric using fuzzy mathematics . another group of researchers is looking instead at developing a one-dimensional scale for ranking mt engines along a continuum defined by system-level function . that approach , for example , might rank one engine as good enough for filtering documents , while another engine deemed more linguistically robust would be ranked higher because it could generate a good enough initial translation for subsequent post-editing . we welcome other functional evaluations of mt components and computer systems with embedded mt components as well . submissions submitters are invited to send in a short paper , not more than 5 pages , addressing one or more of the three areas discussed above . papers should define the problem in an embedded mt system that is the focus of the work , describe the embedded mt system design ( a simple sketch ) with sample input data where relevant , and present their approach to the problem . work at various stages of completion is acceptable ; we expect the current status of the work to be made clear . submission of end-to - end output of an embedded mt system is especially encouraged . the papers will be collected and distributed to participants of theworkshop . ideally , the result of the workshop will be a clearer delineation of : ( 1 ) the range of linguistic preprocessing problems ( 2 ) the range of designs in embedded mt systems ( 3 ) how these problems aretreated in different embedded mt systems and ( 4 ) the metrics that are being used to evaluate these systems and their components . dates notice of interest in participation : july 10 , 1998 ( to voss @ arl . mil ) please identify which of the three areas you intend to address : preprocessing in image data , preprocessing in online data , evaluation of embedded mt systems . position paper submission : august 10 , 1998 notifications : september 10 , 1998 final copies of papers : october 10 , 1998 workshop : october 28 , 1998 submissions may be in printed or electronic form . submissions should be sent to : clare voss army research laboratory amsrl-is - ci 2800 powder mill road adelphi , md 20783 phone : ( 301 ) 394-5615 fax : ( 301 ) 394-3903 e-mail : voss @ arl . mil the registration fee for the conference is $ 50 . non - presenters will be accepted on a first-come , first served basis . we strongly encourage the participation of embedded mt system users , as well as members of the research and development communities . after july 11 , 1998 , a copy of the call , the registration form , and further update information will be available via a link at : < http : / / rpstl . arl . mil / isb / > florence reeder | phone : ( 703 ) 883-7156 the mitre corporation | ( 703 ) 883-6750 ( secretary ) ms w640 | fax : ( 703 ) 883-1279 1820 dolley madison blvd . | email : reeder @ azrael . mitre . org mclean , va 22102 |
",0
2583,"Subject: semantics : il dominio tempo-aspettuale
 
 il dominio tempo-aspettuale author : pier marco bertinetto publisher : torino , rosenberg & sellier pier marco bertinetto , il dominio tempo-aspettuale . demarcazioni , intersezioni , contrasti . torino , rosenberg & sellier 1997 , pp . 252 , price lit . 48 . 000 ( approximately us $ 25 . 50 ) . isbn 88-7011 - 726 - x . introduzione i . demarcazioni - aspect vs . actionality - statives , progressives , habituals - the progressive as a ' partialization ' operator ii . intersezioni - neutralizations and interactions in temporal-aspectual categories - metafore tempo-aspettuali - l ' interazione tra azionalit e aspetto nella perifrasi ' continua ' iii . contrasti - le strutture tempo-aspettuali dell ' italiano e dell ' inglese - le perifrasi abituali in italiano e in inglese - l ' espressione della ' progressivit / continuit : un confronto tripolareorino '
",0
2584,"Subject: books on terminology
 
 john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new titles in the field of terminology : handbook of terminology management volume 1 : basic aspects of terminology management sue ellen wright & gerhard budin ( comps . ) 1997 xiv , 370 pp . us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 508 7 price : us $ 94 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 2154 5 price : hfl . 188 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this unique work is designed to meet the practical needs of terminologists , translators , lexicographers , subject specialists ( e . g . , engineers , medical professionals , etc . ) , standardizers and others who have to solve terminological problems in their daily work . in more than 700 pages , the handbook brings together contributions from approximately 50 expert authorities in the field . the handbook covers a broad range of topics integrated from an international perspective and treats such fundamental issues as : - practical methods of terminology management - types and applications of terminology management creation and use of terminological tools ( terminology databases , on-line dictionaries , etc . ) - terminological applications in : - technical writing , translation and information management - natural language processing - language planning and legal , ethical concerns - terminology training . the high level of expertise provided by the contributors , combined with the wide range of perspectives they represent , results in a thorough coverage of all facets of a burgeoning field . the lay-out of the handbook is specially designed for quick and for cross reference , with hypertext and an extensive index . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
",0
2585,"Subject: books on historical linguistics
 
 john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new title in the field of historical linguistics : tense and aspect in indo-european languages theory , typology and diachrony john hewson & vit bubenik 1997 xii , 403 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 145 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 860 4 price : $ 89 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3649 6 price : hfl . 178 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this monograph presents a general picture of the evolution of ie verbal systems within a coherent cognitive framework . the work encompasses all the language families of the ie phylum , from prehistory to present day languages . inspired by the ideas of roman jakobson and gustave guillaume the authors relate tense and aspect to underlying cognitive processes , and show that verbal systems have a staged development of time representations ( chronogenesis ) . they view linguistic change as systemic and trace the evolution of the earliest tense systems by ( a ) aspectual split and ( b ) aspectual merger from the original aspectual contrasts of pie , the evidence for such systemic change showing clearly in the paradigmatic morphology of the daughter languages . the nineteen chapters cover first the ancient documentation , then those families whose historical data are from a more recent date . the last chapters deal with the systemic evolution of languages that are descended from ancient forbearers such as sanskrit , greek , and latin , and are completed by a chapter on the practical and theoretical conclusions of the work . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
",0
2586,"Subject: books on written language & literacy
 
 john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new titles in the field of written language & literacy : writing and identity the discoursal construction of identity in academic writing roz ivanic 1997 xiv , 346 pp . studies in written language and literacy , 5 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 322 x price : us $ 89 . 00 paper : 1 55619 323 8 price : us $ 29 . 95 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 1797 1 price : nlg 178 paper : 90 272 1798 x price : nlg 60 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com writing is not just about conveying ' content ' but also about the representation of self . ( one of the reasons people find writing difficult is that they do not feel comfortable with the ' me ' they are portraying in their writing . academic writing in particular often poses a conflict of identity for students in higher education , because the 's elf ' which is inscribed in academic discourse feels alien to them . ) the main claim of this book is that writing is an act of identity in which people align themselves with socio-culturally shaped subject positions , and thereby play their part in reproducing or challenging dominant practices and discourses , and the values , beliefs and interests which they embody . the first part of the book reviews recent understandings of social identity , of the discoursal construction of identity , of literacy and identity , and of issues of identity in research on academic writing . the main part of the book is based on a collaborative research project about writing and identity with mature-age students , providing : o a case study of one writer 's dilemmas over the presentation of self ; o a discussion of the way in which writers ' life histories shape their presentation of self in writing ; o an interview-based study of issues of ownership , and of accommodation and resistance to conventions for the presentation of self ; linguistic analysis of the ways in which multiple , often contradictory , interests , values , beliefs and practices are inscribed in discourse conventions , which set up a range of possibilities for self-hood for writers . the book ends with implications of the study for research on writing and identity , and for the learning and teaching of academic writing . the book will be of interest to students and researchers in the fields of social identity , literacy , discourse analysis , rhetoric and composition studies , and to all those concerned to understand what is involved in academic writing in order to provide wider access to higher education . writing development . an interdisciplinary view edited by : clotilde pontecorvo , universita di roma , "" la sapienza "" , italy 1997 xxxii , 338 pp . studies in written language & literacy , 6 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 324 6 price : us $ 69 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 1799 8 price : nlg 138 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this volume presents a selection of papers presented at a series of three workshops organized by the network "" written language and literacy "" as launched by the european science foundation . the main topics making up writing development are : ( 1 ) writing and literacy acquisition : links between speech and writing , with contributions by david r . olson , claire blanche - benveniste , emilia ferreiro , ruth berman , liliana tolchinsky & ana teberosky ; ( 2 ) writing and reading in time and culture , with contributions by collette sirat , francoise desbordes , harmut gunther , peter koch , & jean hebrard : ( 3 ) written language competence in monolingual and bilingual contexts , with contributions by michel fayol & serge mouchon , georges ludi , & ludo verhoeven ; ( 4 ) writing systems , brain structures and languages : a neurolinguistic view , with contributioris by giuseppe cossu , heinz wiimmer & uta frith , & brian butterworth . the volume heads off with an extensive introduction "" studying writing and writing acquisition today : a multidisciplinary view "" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
",0
2587,"Subject: books on interpreting
 
 john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new titles in the field of interpreting : the critical link . interpreters in the community . papers from the first international conference on interpreting in legal , health and social service settings . geneva park , canada , 1 - 4 june 1995 silvana carr , roda roberts , aideen dufour & dini steyn ( eds . ) 1997 viii , 322 pp . benjamins translation library , 19 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 701 2 price : $ 79 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 1620 7 price : hfl . 158 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com what is community interpreting ? what are the roles of the community interpreter ? what are the standards , evaluation methods and accreditation procedures pertaining to community interpreting ? what training is available or required in this field ? what are the current issues and practices in community interpreting in different parts of the world ? these key questions , discussed at the first international conference on community interpreting , are addressed in this collection of selected conference papers . the merit of this volume is that it presents the first comprehensive and global view of a rapidly growing profession , which has developed out of the need to provide services to those who do not speak the official language ( s ) of a country . both the problems and the successes related to the challenge of providing adequate community interpreting services in different countries are covered in this volume . contributions by : sherrill j . bell ; virginia benmaman ; carolyn bullock & brian harris ; silvana carr ; terry chesher ; ann corsellis ; birgitta englund dimitrova ; sabine fenton ; julia puebla fortier ; yvonne fowler ; nathan garber & louise mauffette - leenders ; adolfo gentile ; sandra hale ; elizabeth lascar ; suzanne michael & marianne cocchini ; holly mikkelson & hanne mintz ; christine penney & susan sammons ; franz pochhacker ; roda p . roberts ; nancy schweda nicholson & bodil martinsen ; roy thomas ; cecilia wadensjo . conference interpreting : current trends in research proceedings of the international conference on interpreting : what do we know and how ? yves gambier , daniel gile & christopher taylor ( eds . ) 1997 iv , 246 pp . benjamins translation library , 23 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 707 1 price : us $ 75 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 1626 6 price : hfl . 150 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com ' conference interpreting : what do we know and how ? ' is the title of a round-table conference ( turku , 1994 ) organised to assess the state of the art in conference interpreting research . the result is collected in this volume with fully coordinated reports on the round tables . the book presents an exciting coverage of the field , touching on methodology , communication , discourse , culture , neurolinguistic and cognitive aspects , quality assessment , training and developing skills . contributions by : john dodds and david katan ; franco fabbro and laura gran ; daniel gile ; masaomi kondo and helen tebble ; per linell ; barbara moser - mercer ; miriam shlesinger ; david snelling ; charles tijus ; jorma tommola ; carol taylor torsello and all those who participated in the round table discussion . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
",0
2588,"Subject: books on latin linguistics
 
 john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following titles in the field of latin linguistics : on latin linguistic and literary studies in honour of harm pinkster rodie risselada , jan r . de jong , a . machtelt bolkestein ( eds . ) 1996 xii , 202 pp . jc gieben , publisher us / canada only : cloth : 90 5063 137 1 price : $ 54 . 00 for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com contents : bakkum , g . : capenate esu cil i2 . 476 , 6 = xi . 6707 , 6 , cil i2 . 2496 , 9 bolkestein , m . : free but not arbitrary : ' emotive ' word order in latin ? garcia - hernandez , b . : modificacion prefijal y regimen sintactico . el testimonio de arusiano mesio hengst , d . den : hidden polemics . ammianus ' digression on egypt ( res gestae 21 . 15-16 ) herman , j . : remarques sur l ' histoire du futur latin - et sur la prehistoire du futur roman kroon , c . & p . rose : atrociter corruptus ? the use of ' narrative ' tenses in ammianus marcellinus ' res gestae lavency , m . : rex qui fuit - rex qui esset - rex cum esset risselada r . : and now for something completely different ? temporal discourse markers : latin ' nunc ' and english ' now ' rosen , h . : ' eam vitam vivere quae est sola vita nominanda ' . reflections on cognate complements smolenaars , h . : ' on went the steed , on went the driver ' . an intertextual analysis of valerius flaccus ' argonautica ' 6 . 256-264 , statius ' thebias ' 7 . 632-639 and silius ' punica ' 7 . 667-679 . touratier , c . : les temps dans un recit ( virgile , ' ecloga ' 7 . 1-20 ) wisse , j . : the presence of zeno . the date of philodemus ' ' on rhetoric and the use of the ' citative ' and ' reproducing ' present in latin and greek . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
",0
2589,"Subject: books on functional linguistics
 
 john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new title in the field of functional linguistics : grammatical relations a functionalist perspective t . givon ( eds . ) 1997 viii , 350 pp . typological studies in language , 35 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 645 8 price : us $ 86 . 00 paper : 1 55619 646 6 price : us $ 29 . 95 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 2931 7 price : hfl . 165 , - - paper : 90 272 2932 5 price : hfl . 60 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this volume presents a functional perspective on grammatical relations ( grs ) without neglecting their structural correlates . ever since the 1970s , the discussion of grs by functionally-oriented linguists has focused primarily on their functional aspects , such as reference , cognitive accessibility and discourse topicality . with some exceptions , functionalists have thus ceded the discussion of the structural correlates of grs to various formal schools . ever since edward keenan 's pioneering work on subject properties ( 1975 , 1976 ) , it has been apparent that subjecthood and objecthood can only be described properly by a basket of neither necessary nor sufficient properties - thus within a framework akin to rosch 's theory of prototype . some gr properties ar functional ( reference , topicality , accessibility ) ; others involve overt coding ( word-order , case marking , verb agreement ) . others yet are more abstract , involving control of grammatical processes ( rule-governed behavior ) . building on keenan 's pioneering work , this volume concentrates on the structural aspects of grs within a functionalist framework . following a theoretical introduction , the papers in the volume deal primarily with recalcitrant typological issues : the dissociation between overt coding properties of grs and their behavior-and - control properties ; grs in serial verb constructions ; grs in ergative languages ; the impact of clause union and grammaticalization on grs . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
",0
2590,"Subject: books on the history of linguistics
 
 john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new titles in the history of linguistics : the emergence of semantics in four linguistic traditions hebrew , sanskrit , greek , arabic wout van bekkum , jan houben , ineke sluiter , kees versteegh 1997 ix , 322 pp . studies in the history of the language sciences , 82 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 617 2 price : us $ 99 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 4568 1 price : hfl . 198 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com the aim of this study is a comparative analysis of the role of semantics in the linguistic theory of four grammatical traditions , sanskrit , hebrew , greek , arabic . if one compares the organization of linguistic theory in various grammatical traditions , it soon turns out that there are marked differences in the way they define the place of 's emantics ' within the theory . in some traditions , semantics is formally excluded from linguistic theory , and linguists do not express any opinion as to the relationship between syntactic and semantic analysis . in other traditions , the whole basis of linguistic theory is semantically orientated , and syntactic features are always analysed as correlates of a semantic structure . however , even in those traditions , in which semantics falls explicitly or implicitly outside the scope of linguistics , there may be factors forcing linguists to occupy themselves with the semantic dimension of language . one important factor seems to be the presence of a corpus of revealed / sacred texts : the necessity to formulate hermeneutic rules for the interpretation of this corpus brings semantics in through the back door . the noblest animate motion speech , pysiology and medicine in pre-cartesian linguistic thought jeffrey wollock 1997 xlvi , 470 pp . studies in the history of the language sciences , 83 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 620 2 price : us $ 160 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 4571 1 price : hfl . 320 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com the body of theory on speech production and speech disorder developed prior to descartes has been so neglected by historians that its very existence is practically unknown today . yet it provides a framework for understanding the speech process which is not only comprehensive and coherent , but of great relevance to current debates on issues of language performance and applied linguistics . this is because , the author contends , current theoretical difficulties stem largely from initial errors of descartes ; whereas earlier theoretical formulations , while outlining a bio-mechanics of speech , retain the central role of the human agent . the discussions explicated in this book come mainly from the natural - philosophic and medical literature of greco - roman antiquity , the middle ages , and the renaissance and early 17th century . this uncharted territory is mapped for the first time by tracing its textual history and diffusion as well as explaining the theory on its own terms but in language that will be clear and comprehensible to non-specialists . interdisciplinary in perspective , the book encompasses topics of interest not only to the language sciences , but also to the biosciences , medicine , philosophy of human movement , psychology and behavioral sciences , neurosciences , speech pathology , experimental phonetics , speech and rhetoric , and the history of science in general . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
",0
2591,"Subject: cssi conference on spatial cognition
 
 mind iii : annual conference of the cognitive science society of ireland theme : spatial cognition dublin city university , dublin , ireland august 17-19 , 1998 you are invited to participate in the annual conference of the cssi , on the theme of spatial cognition , at dublin city university from august 17-19 , 1998 . this conference will bring together researchers from different cognitive science disciplines ( psychology , computer science , linguistics , and cognitive geography ) who are studying different aspects of spatial cognition . the conference will provide a forum for researchers to share insights about different aspects of spatial cognition and from the perspective of different disciplines . the academic programme will begin at 9 : 00 a . m . on august 17th and end on 19th . the social programme will include a barbecue and ceili ( traditional irish dance ) on tuesday 18th and a tour and concert on wednesday after the end of the academic programme . for information on registration and accommodation , please visit the web page at : http : / / www . psych . ucsb . edu / ~ hegarty / cssi / the deadline for early registration is july 15th ( after that the price increases significantly ) . for questions about the programme , contact mary hegarty : hegarty @ psych . ucsb . edu for questions about registration and local arrangements , contact sean o nuallain : sonualla @ compapp . dcu . ie programme keynote speakers : michel denis , groupe cognition humaine , limsi-cnrs , universite de paris - sud andrew frank , department of geoinformation , technical university wien talk presentations : environmental spatial cognition g . allen , university of south carolina men and women , maps and minds : cognitive bases of sex-related differences in reading and interpreting maps c . christou & h . bulthoff , max - planck institute for biological cybernetics , tubingen using virtual environments to study spatial encoding d . jacobson , r . kitchin , t . garling , r . golledge & m . blades , university of california , santa barbara , queens university of belfast , gotenborg university learning a complex urban route without sight : comparing naturalistic versus laboratory measures p . peruch , f . gaunet , c . thinus - blanc , m - d . giroudo , cnrs , marseille & cnrs - college de france , paris real and imagined perspective changes in visual versus locomotor navigation m . j . sholl , boston college the accessibility of metric relations in self-to - object and object-to - object systems language and space t . baguley & s . j . payne , loughborough university and cardiff university of wales given - new versus new-given ? an analysis of reading times for spatial descriptions k . c . coventry & m . prat - sala , university of plymouth the interplay between geometry and function in the comprehension of spatial propositions j . gurney & e . kipple , army research laboratory , adelphi , md composing conceptual structure for spoken natural language in a virtual reality environment s . huang , national taiwan university spatial representation in a language without prepositions s . taub , gallaudet university iconic spatial language in asl : concrete and metaphorical applications c . vorwerg , university of bielefeld production and understanding of direction terms as a categorization process computation and spatial cognition m . eisenberg & a . eisenberg , university of colorado designing real-time software advisors for 3 - d spatial operations j . gasos & a . saffiotti , iridia , universite libre de brruxelles fuzzy sets for the representation of uncertain spatial knowledge in autonomous robots r . k . lindsay , university of michigan discovering diagrammatic demonstrations p . mckevitt , aalborg university and university of sheffield chameleon meets spatial cognition d . r . montello , m . f . goodchild , p . fohl & j . gottsegen , university of california , santa barbara implementing fuzzy spatial queries : problem statement and behavioral science methods s . o nuallain & j . kelleher , dublin city university spoken image meets vrml and java spatial reasoning and problem solving m . gattis , max planck institute for psychological research , munich mapping relational structure in visual reasoning j . n . mcgregor , t . c . ormerod & e . p . chronicle , university of victoria and lancaster university spatial and conceptual factors in human performance on the traveling salesperson problem p . d . pearson , r . h . logie & k . j . gilhooly , university of aberdeen verbal representations and spatial manipulation during mental synthesis l . rozenblit , m . spivey & j . wojslawowicz mechanical reasoning about gear-and - belt systems : do eye-movements predict performance ? c . sophian & m . crosby , university of hawaii at manoa ratios that even young children understand : the case of spatial proportions theoretical perspectives : r . h . logie , department of aberdeen constraints on visuo-spatial working memory n . h . narayanan , auburn university exploring virtual information landscapes : spatial cognition meets information visualization a . smith , national research council , canada spatial cognition without spatial concepts c . speed & d . g . tobin , university of plymouth space under stress : spatial understanding and new media technologies m . tiressa , a . caressa and g . geminiani , universita di torino & universita di padova a theoretical framework for the study of spatial cognition poster presentations m . betrancourt , a . pellegrin & l . tardif , research institut , inria rhone - alpes using a spatial display to represent the temporal structure of multimedia documents m . bollaert , limsi-cnrs , university de paris - sud a connectionist model of mental imagery k borner & c vorwerg , university of bielefeld applying vr technology to the study of spatial perception and cognition a . caressa , a . abrigliano & g . geminiani , universita de padova & universita di torino . describers and explorers : a method to investigate cognitive maps . e . p . chronicle , t . c . ormerod & j . mcgregor . lancaster university and university of victoria when insight just won't come : the failure of visual cues in the nine-dot problem . r . coates , c . j . hamilton & t . heffernan , university of teeside and university of northumbria at newcastle in search of the visual and spatial characteristics of visuo-spatial working memory g . fernandez , lmsi-cnrs individual differences in the processing of route directions r . hornig , b . claus & k . eyferth , technical university of berlin in search for an overall organizing principle in spatial mental models : a question of inference m - c . grobety , m . morand & f . schenk cognitive mapping across visually disconnected environments n . gotts , university of wales , aberystwyth describing the topology of spherical regions using the "" rcc "" formalism x . guilarova , moscow m . v . lomosonov state university polysemy of adjective "" round "" via lakoff 's radical category structuring j . s . longstaff , laban center , london cognitive structures of kinesthetic space : reevaluating rudolph labanus choreutics u . schmid , s . wiebrock & f . wysotzki , technical university of berlin modeling spatial inferences in text understanding programme committee : ruth byrne , trinity college dublin jerome feldman , university of california , berkeley mary hegarty , university of california , santa barbara ( program chair ) christopher habel , university of hamburg george lakoff , university of california , berkeley robert h . logie , university of aberdeen jack loomis , university of california , santa barbara paul mc kevitt , aalborg university and university of sheffield daniel r . montello , university of california , santa barbara n . hari naryanan , auburn university and georgia institute of technology patrick olivier , university of wales , aberystwyth sean o nuallain , dublin city university ( co - chair ) terry regier , university of chicago keith stenning , edinburgh university michael spivey , cornell university arnold smith , national research council , canada barbara tversky , stanford university
",0
2592,"Subject: cilca vii
 
 how long does it take for this to come out on the list ? ? ? ? ? ? cilca vii septimo congreso internacional de literatura centroamericana in nicaragua march 17 - 19 , 1999 special call for papers although this conference is principally geared toward central american literature , we are making a special call to linguists for research on central american linguistics . we were quite succesful with our special linguistics sessions in the 1995 conference . please submit abstracts ( one page ) and proposals for special sessions no later than november 16 , 1998 to : alberto rey department of modern languages & literatures howard university washington , d . c . 20059 office : ( 202 ) 806 - 4926 fax : ( 202 ) 806 - 4514 you may also email the abstracts to me at : arey @ fac . howard . edu alberto rey , ph . d . arey @ fac . howard . edu / alrey @ erols . com associate professor dept . modern languages & literatures howard university office : ( 202 ) 806-4952 / 6758 washington , dc 20059 fax : ( 202 ) 806-4514
",0
2593,"Subject: transcription workshop coling-acl98
 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for participation call for participation * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * coling-acl 98 the 17th international conference on computational linguistics ( coling-98 ) and the 36th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics ( acl-98 ) workshop on partially automated techniques for transcribing naturally occurring , continuous speech august 16 , 1998 ( following acl / coling-98 ) university of montreal , montreal , quebec ( canada ) description - - - - - - - - - - the development of robust systems for speech analysis and synthesis depends crucially on the availability of well-annotated corpora of naturally occurring , continuous speech . yet existing speech corpora are rarely well-annotated . a key to proper annotation is the availability of partially automated systems for linking selected portions of a visual display of speech to the corresponding transcriptions . to be of practical use , such systems must be able to handle large files of digitized speech and they should permit transcriptions at different levels of analysis . this workshop is devoted to the presentation and discussion of papers and software demonstrations which reflect the current state of the art . the presentations address the development , use , and evaluation of such systems . registration - - - - - - - - - - - registration is now open for this workshop . registration details can be found at http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca registration before july 1 is can $ 50 ( can $ 35 students ) for participants of the main conference . anybody wishing to attend only this workshop can do so by pre-registering the same way and submitting a fee of can $ 150 . preregistration is strongly advised . workshop program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - session 1 9 : 15 - 9 : 30 opening remarks nancy belmore , research professor of applied linguistics concordia university , montreal , quebec ( canada ) 9 : 30-10 : 05 recognition of spontaneous speech ( invited talk ) peter stubley , advisor , speech and language processing technology , nortel advanced technology , montreal , quebec ( canada ) 10 : 05-10 : 30 break session 2 10 : 30-11 : 05 towards multimodal spoken language corpora : transtool and synctool joachim nivre , elisabeth ahlsen , jens allwood , leif gronqvist , jenny holm , dario lopez - kasten , sylvana sofkova , kristina tullgren department of linguistics gothenburg university , gothenburg ( sweden ) 11 : 05-11 : 40 speech annotation by multi - sensory recording robert luk department of computing hong kong polytechnic university , ( hong kong ) 11 : 40-12 : 15 how phone duration and segmental processing improve continuous speech signal labeling andre - obrecht , n . parlangeau , f . pellegrino institut de recherche en informatique de toulouse universite paul sabatier - cnrs , toulouse ( france ) 12 : 15 - 1 : 15 lunch session 3 1 : 15 - 1 : 50 grapheme - to-phoneme transcription rules for spanish with application to automatic speech recognition and synthesis patrizia bonaventura , fabio giuliani , juan m . garrido , isabel orten centro studi e laboratori telecommunicazioni , turin ( italy ) and departament de filologia espanyola , universitaet autonoma de barcelona ( spain ) 1 : 50 - 2 : 25 the value of minimal prosodic information caroline lyon and jill hewitt computer science department university of hertfordshire , hatfield , herts . ( uk ) 2 : 25 - 3 : 00 taped demonstrations 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 break session 4 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 on - line demonstrations 4 : 00 - 5 : 00 round table discussion workshop organization sabine bergler . associate prof . of computer science department of computer science concordia university 1455 de maisonneuve blvd west montreal , qc h3g 1m8 e-mail trans98 @ cs . concordia . ca program committee nancy belmore , research professor of applied linguistics , concordia university , montreal ( canada ) sabine bergler , associate professor of computer science , concordia university , montreal ( canada ) john esling , associate professor of linguistics , university of victoria , victoria , british columbia ( canada ) and secretary , international phonetic association eric keller , professor of computer science and director , laboratoire informatique de la parole , university of lausanne , lausanne ( switzerland ) roland kuhn , speech technology laboratory , panasonic technologies , inc . santa barbara , california ( u . s . a . ) douglas o'shaughnessy , professor , institut national de la recherche scientifique ( inrs ) - telecommunications , montreal , quebec ( canada ) ching y . suen , professor of computer science and director , centre for pattern recognition and machine intelligence , concordia university , montreal , quebec ( canada ) .
",0
2594,"Subject: coling / acl workshop on multi - lingual information retrieval
 
 coling - acl ' 98 workshop multilingual information management : current levels and future abilities august 16 , 1998 universiti de montrial montrial / canada the coling / acl workshop on multilingual information management is a follow-on to an nsf - sponsored workshop held in conjunction with the first international conference on language resources and evaluation in granada , spain ( may 1998 ) , at which an international panel of invited experts considered these questions in an attempt to identify the most effective future directions of computational linguistics research - - especially in the context of the need to handle multi-lingual and multi-modal information . the follow-on workshop is intended to open the discussion to the computational linguistics community as a whole . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * registration deadline is july 1 ! ! ! ! * * * * to register , consult the coling / acl home page at * * * * http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / mainpage . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * workshop description the development of natural language applications which handle multi-lingual and multi-modal information is the next major challenge facing the field of computational linguistics . over the past 50 years , a variety of language-related capabilities has been developed in areas such as machine translation , information retrieval , and speech recognition , together with core capabilities such as information extraction , summarization , parsing , generation , multimedia planning and integration , statistics-based methods , ontologies , lexicon construction and lexical representations , and grammar . the next few years will require the extension of these technologies to encompass multi-lingual and multi-modal information . extending current technologies will require integration of the various capabilities into multi-functional natural language systems . however , there is today no clear vision of how these technologies could or should be assembled into a coherent framework . what would be involved in connecting a speech recognition system to an information retrieval engine , and then using machine translation and summarization software to process the retrieved text ? how can traditional parsing and generation be enhanced with statistical techniques ? what would be the effect of carefully crafted lexicons on traditional information retrieval ? the workshop will be organized as a series of panels reporting on the outcome of discussions in the granada workshop ( a report summarizing the discussions at granada will be available before the coling - acl workshop ) . ample time for discussion will be included . the discussion will focus on the following fundamental questions : 1 . what is the current level of capability in each of the major areas of the field dealing with language and related media of human communication ? 2 . how can ( some of ) these functions be integrated in the near future , and what kind of systems will result ? 3 . what are the major considerations for extending these functions to handle multi-lingual and multi-modal information , particularly in integrated systems of the type envisioned in ( 2 ) ? in particular , we will consider these questions in relation to the following areas : o multi-lingual resources ( lexicons , ontologies , corpora , etc . ) o information retrieval , especially cross-lingual and cross-modal o machine translation o automated ( cross-lingual ) summarization and information extraction o multimedia communication , in conjunction with text o evaluation and assessment techniques for each of these areas o methods and techniques ( both statistics-based and linguistics-based ) o parsing , generation , information acquisition , etc . o speech recognition and synthesis o language and speaker identification and speech translation program committee khalid choukri , european languages resource association charles fillmore , university of california berkeley , usa robert frederking , carnegie mellon university , usa ulrich heid , university of stuttgart , germany eduard hovy , information sciences institute , usa nancy ide , vassar college , usa mun kew leong , national university of singapore joseph mariani , limsi / cnrs , france mark maybury , the mitre corporation , usa sergei nirenburg , new mexico state university , usa akitoshi okumura , nec , japan martha palmer , university of pennsylvania , usa james pustejovsky , brandeis university , usa peter schaueble , eth zurich , switzerland oliviero stock , irst , italy felisa verdejo , uned , spain piek vossen , university of amsterdam , netherlands wolfgang wahlster , dfki , germany antonio zampolli , istituto di linguistica computazionale , italy organizers bob frederking center for machine translation carnegie - mellon university schenley park pittsburgh , pa 15213-3890 tel : ( + 1 412 ) 268-6656 fax : ( + 1 412 ) 268-6298 email : ref @ nl . cs . cmu . edu eduard hovy information sciences institute of the university of southern california 4676 admiralty way marina del rey , ca 90292-6695 tel : ( + 1 310 ) 822-1511 fax : ( + 1 310 ) 823-6714 email : hovy @ isi . edu nancy ide department of computer science vassar college 124 raymond avenue poughkeepsie , new york 12604-0520 usa tel : ( + 1 914 ) 437 5988 fax : ( + 1 914 ) 437 7498 e - mail : ide @ cs . vassar . edu
",0
2595,"Subject: thinking with diagrams 1998
 
 twd98 thinking with diagrams : is there a science of diagrams ? workshop call for participation university of wales , aberystwyth , uk 22-23 august 1998 registration deadline : 22nd july 1998 diagrams are essential in most fields of human activity . there is substantial interest in diagrams and their use in many academic disciplines for the potential benefits they may confer on a wide range of tasks . are we now in a position to claim that we have a science of diagrams ? that is , a science which takes the nature of diagrams and their use as the central phenomena of interest . a science which is attempting to understand how diagrams differ from other representational systems and trying to develop principles for the design of effective graphical representations . a science which considers how diagrams communicate information and how they are used to solve problems . if we have a science of diagrams it is certainly constituted from multiple disciplines , including : cognitive science , psychology , artificial intelligence , logic , mathematics , and others . if there is a science of diagrams , then like other sciences , there is an applications or "" engineering "" discipline that exists alongside the science . applications and engineering provide tests of the theories and principles discovered by the science and extend the scope of the phenomena to be studied by generating new uses of diagrams , new media for presenting diagrams , or novel classes of diagram . this applications and engineering side of the science of diagrams also comprises multiple disciplines , including : education , architecture , computer science , mathematics , human - computer interaction , knowledge acquisition , graphic design , engineering , history of science , statistics , medicine , biology , and others . the theme of twd98 will be - is there a science of diagrams ? by providing a forum for the presentation and discussion of quality research on diagrams and diagram use , we not only try to answer this question , but more importantly attempt draw together the many different approaches , theories and results that we have in the many diverse disciplines that are concerned with diagrams . the question provides a vehicle on which to attempt to integrate what is currently a disparate and disordered set of activities into a more rational and coherent programme of research . is there any common core to the activities which provides a basis for the claim that the twd community could constitute a science ? more information and the workshop registration form can be found at the thinking with diagrams home page : http : / / www . aber . ac . uk / ~ plo / twd98 or contact : patrick olivier ( plo @ aber . ac . uk ) thinking with diagrams ( twd98 ) department of computer science university of wales , aberystwyth ceredigion , uk sy23 3db tel : + 44 1970 622424 / fax : + 44 1970 622455 the twd98 programme will include : ( i ) technical sessions for the presentations of papers ; ( ii ) invited talks on issues relevant to the twd community as a whole ; ( iii ) a panel session on the theme of twd98 . invited presentations : 1 . arthur i miller university college london "" visual representations of nature "" 2 . aaron sloman university of birmingham "" diagrams in the mind ? "" 3 . clive richards , school of art and design , coventry university "" diagrammatics "" other presentations : 1 . peter cheng ( university of nottingham ) avow diagrams : a novel representational system for understanding electricity 2 . mateja jamnik , alan bundy & ian green ( university of edinburgh ) verification of diagrammatic proofs 3 . maria kozhevnikov , mary hegarty & richard mayer ( techion & uc santa barbara ) visual / spatial abilities in problem solving in physics 4 . sun - joo shin ( university of notre dame ) multiple readings of pierces alpha system 5 . alan blackwell & yuri engelhardt ( cambridge apu and university of amsterdam ) a taxonomy of diagram taxonomies 6 . robert kosara , silvia miksch , yuval shahar & peter johnson ( vienna university of technology & stanford university ) asbru - view : capturing complex , time - oriented plans 7 . jo calder ( university of edinburgh ) how to build a ( quite general ) linguistic diagram editor 8 . adam vile & simon polovina ( south bank university ) thinking of or thinking through diagrams ? 9 . mark minas ( university of erlangen ) specifying diagram languages by means of hypergraph grammars 10 . simon ungar , mark blades & christopher spencer ( glasgow caledonian university & university of sheffield ) can a tactile map facilitate learning of related information by visually impaired people ? 11 . daniela m . bailer - jones ( universitt paderborn ) sketches and visualisation as mental reifications of theoretical scientific treatment 12 . leon rozenblit , michael spivey - knowlton & julie wojslawowiz ( cornell university ) mechanical reasoning about gear-and - belt diagrams : do eye - movements predict performance ? 13 . nadine lucas & nathalie coussin - rittemard ( limsi & utrecht university ) acting with diagrams : how to plan strategies 14 . herman j . adr ( vrije universiteit ) diagramming research designs posters 15 . william godwin ( cheltenham and gloucester college ) a tectonic theory for graphical notation design 16 . jean - louis giavitto & erika valencia ( lri - universit paris sud ) using simplicial complexes to model internal diagrammatic representations 17 . hernan casakin ( techion ) diagrams , sketches , and the use of analogy in design problem - solving : experts and novices 18 . glen bell & david wilson ( university of technology , sydney ) diagramming issue surrounding application architectures 19 . andrew basden ( university of salford ) researching the with in thinking with diagrams
",0
2596,"Subject: avail for review , phonology , semantics , mon khmer
 
 the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . please do not simply provide a url for an electronic cv or web page . these will be ignored . phonology pier marco bertinetto , livio gaeta , georgijetchev & david michaels ( eds ) , certamen phonologicum iii . papers from the third cortona phonology meeting , april 1996 . torino , rosenberg & sellier 1997 , pp . 291 , price lit . 63 . 000 ( approximately us $ 37 ) . isbn 88-7011 - 717 - 0 . semantics pier marco bertinetto , il dominio tempo-aspettuale . demarcazioni , intersezioni , contrasti . torino , rosenberg & sellier 1997 , pp 252 , price lit 48 . 000 isbn 887011726x ( approximately us $ 25 . 50 ) ( note reviewer of this volume must be fluent in both english and italian ) mon khmer mon khmer studies volume 28 . sil / u of texas arlington .
",0
2597,"Subject: coling-acl 98 workshop "" discourse relations and discourse markers ""
 
 coling-acl 98 workshop "" discourse relations and discourse markers "" august 15 , 1998 opening 9 . 00 session 1 : discourse structure parsing uses introduction daniel marcu ( usc / isi ) a surface-based approach to identifying discourse markers and elementary textual units in unrestricted texts 9 . 10 - 9 . 30 simon h . corston - oliver ( microsoft research ) identifying the linguistic correlates of rhetorical relations 9 . 30 - 9 . 50 j . burstein , k . kukich , s . wolff , c . lu , m . chodorow ( educational testing service and hunter college ) enriching automated essay scoring using discourse marking 9 . 50 - 10 . 10 discussion 10 . 10 - 10 . 25 coffee break session 2 : cue words introduction 10 . 40 b . grote ( otto - von - guericke universitt magdeburg ) representing temporal discourse markers for generation purposes 10 . 45 - 11 . 05 l . degand ( university of louvain ) on classifying connectives and coherence relations 11 . 05 - 11 . 25 c . soria , g . ferrari ( university of pisa and university of east piemonte ) lexical marking of discourse relations - some experimental findings 11 . 25 - 11 . 45 s . teufel ( university of edinburgh ) meta - discourse markers and problem-structuring in scientific texts 11 . 45 - 12 . 05 discussion 12 . 05 - 12 . 20 lunch poster session : 13 . 00 - 14 . 00 l . danlos ( universite paris ) linguistic ways for expressing a discourse relation and lexicalized text generation system a . knott ( university of edinburgh ) similarity and contrast relations and inductive rules f . schilder ( universitt hamburg ) temporal discourse markers and the flow of events n . ward ( university of tokyo ) some exotic discourse markers of spoken dialogue session 3 : grammar , semantics , and formalism introduction 14 . 00 b . webber , a . joshi ( university of pennsylvania ) anchoring a lexicalized tree - adjoin grammar for discourse 14 . 05 - 14 . 25 j . jayez , c . rossari ( ehess and universite de geneve ) discourse relations versus discourse marker relations 14 . 25 - 14 . 45 m . pery - woodley ( universite de toulouse ) textual signalling in written text : a corpus-based approach 14 . 45 - 15 . 05 k . dahlgren ( inquizit technologies , inc . ) lexical marking and the recovery of discourse structure 15 . 05 - 15 . 25 discussion 15 . 25 - 15 . 40 break session 4 : speech and dialogue introduction 16 . 00 m . kawamori , t . kawabata , a . shimazu ( ntt research and jaist ) discourse markers in spontaneous dialogue : a corpus based study of japanese and english 16 . 05 - 16 . 25 y . nakano , t . kato ( ntt labs ) cue phrase selection in instruction dialogue using machine learning 16 . 25 - 16 . 45 k . fischer , h . brandt - pook ( universitt bielefeld ) automatic disambiguation of discourse particles 16 . 45 - 17 . 05 d . jurafsky , e . shriberg , b . fox , t . curl ( university of colorado and sri ) lexical , prosodic , and syntactic cues for dialog acts 17 . 05 - 17 . 25 discussion 17 . 25 - 17 . 55 closing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - eduard hovy email : hovy @ isi . edu usc information sciences institute tel : 310-822 - 1511 ext 731 4676 admiralty way fax : 310-823 - 6714 marina del rey , ca 90292-6695 project homepage : http : / / www . isi . edu / natural-language / nlp-at - isi . html
",0
2598,"Subject: workshop sposs preliminary program
 
 sposs sound patterns of spontaneous speech production and perception 24-26 september , la baume les aix , aix en provence , france preliminary program thursday 24 10h - 10h30 registration 10h30 - 11h opening , presentation of the communications 11h - 11h30 coffee break 11h30 - 12h30 * invited lecture : making sense of the infinite variety of natural speech patterns b . lindblom , stockholm university and austin university 12h30 - 13h30 lunch 13h30 - 14h30 * invited lecture : the phonetic manifestation of words in spontaneous speech k . kohler , university of kiel 14h30 - 15h coffee break 15h - 15h20 * between - word processes in early multi-word speech c . newton , university college , london 15h20 - 15h40 * phonological and phonetic aspects of brazilian portugese : a study of / r / variants r . cruz and l . messias , ufpa , brazil 15h40 - 16h * distribution and acoustical characteristics of the / r / allophones in french : laboratory / spontaneous speech d . autesserre and m . chafcouloff , lpl , aix en provence 16h - 16h20 * assimilatory behavior of tongue-tip trills m . j . sole , laboratoria de fonetica , barcelona 16h20 - 16h40 * consonant reduction in spontaneous polish speech r . gubrynowicz * and p . durand * * , * sal , warsaw and * * lpl , aix en provence 16h40 - 17h * quasi - homorganic v1 # # v2 sequencies in austrian german s . moosmuller , acoustic research departement , wien friday 25 9h - 10h * invited lecture : synchronic variations and prosodic changes : the influence of prosodic structuring j . vaissiere , ilgla , paris 10h - 10h20 coffee break 10h20 - 10h40 * what is deleted in spontaneous finnish : segmental interaction with word stress , vowel harmony and moras r . valimaa - blum , cnrs ua 1027 , universite de lille 10h40 - 11h * aspects of the reduction and contextual assimilation of consonant sequences in spontaneous french speech d . duez , lpl , cnrs esa 6057 , aix en provence 11h - 11h20 * preaspiration and pre-stopped laterals : historical change in light of spontaneous speech p . helgason , institute of phonetics , stockholm 11h20 - 11h40 * casual speech : a rich source of intriguing puzzles s . manuel , research laboratory of electronics , mit cambridge 11h40 - 12h * language dependent and independent spontaneous speech phenomena p . basset and t . su , ilpga , paris 12h30 - 13h30 lunch 13h30 - 14h30 * invited lecture : the recognition of spoken words with variable representation a . cutler , max planck institute , nijmegen 14h30 - 14h50 * perception of ` reduced ` forms by non-native speakers of english l . shockey , university of reading 14h50 - 15h10 * listening to nonnative language which violates native assimilation rules a . weber , mpi , nijmegen 15h10 - 15h30 * lexical access in spontaneous speech : reduced forms prime . . . less e . g . bard , m . l . kelly and c . sotillo , hcrc , edinburgh 15h30 - 15h50 * disfluent speech : the transcriber problem r . lickley and e . g . bard , hcrc , edinburgh 15h50 - 16h10 coffee break 16h10 - 17h30 poster session : 16h10 - 16h30 oral presentation of the posters by j . vaissiere 16h30 - 17h30 poster session : discussion with authors posters : * is hypo-articulation lexically constrained ? c . f . sotillo and e . g . bard , hcrs , edinburgh * the use of alisp for automatic acoustic-phonetic transcription j . cernocky * , g . baudoin * * and g . chollet * * , * tu of brno , * * esiee and * * enst paris * multilingual detection of specific sound patterns : the case of vowels and plosives n . parlangeau and f . pellegrino , irit toulouse * we talk like meh ? no , lah : intonation patterns on discourse particles in spontaneous singapore english l . lim , university of singapore * palatalized plosives in french and palatal in korean : a comparative study h . z . kim , dankook university * extent of context and vowel identification in speech variation s . m . williams and r . l . diehl , university of texas * vowel quality in spontaneous speech : what makes a good vowel ? m . aylett and a . turk , hcrc , edimburgh * dual - route encoding : a synthesis of acoustic evidence from normal speech s . p . whiteside and r . a . varley , university of sheffield * acoustic - prosodic cues of speech repairs in spontaneous speech s . c . tseng , university of bielefeld * disentangling multiple sources of stress in word segmentation h . borfeld and j . morgan , brown university , providence saturday 26 9h - 9h20 * speaker strategies in the use of prosodic means in spontaneous discourse in dutch m . van donzel , f . j . koopmans - van beinum , l . c . w . pols , university of amsterdam 9h20 - 9h40 * global and local characteristics of dutch questions in play-acted and spontaneous speech j . haan * and v . j . van heuven * * , nijmegen university * and leiden university * * 9h40 - 10h10 * effects of prosodic constraints on the lengthening of syllable constituent in french : a comparison between spontaneous and french speech c . astesano , universite de provence , aix en provence 10h10 - 10h30 * coffee break 10h30 - 10h50 * direct and indirect measurement of the articulation of intervocalic stop consonants in french a . soquet , universite libre de bruxelles 10h50 - 11h10 * comparison of aerodynamic and epg data in spoken and spontaneous speech d . demolin , universite libre de bruxelles 11h10 - 11h30 * effect of emphasis and irritation on jaw opening o . fujimura , d . erickson and b . pardo , the ohio state university 11h30 - 11h50 * selection of pronunciation variants in spontaneous speech : comparing the performance of man and machine m . wester , j . m . kessens , c . cucchiarini and h . strik 11h50 - 12h50 panel session : achievements and perspectives of research on spontaneous speech more information on la baume les aix and the workshop can be found on our web site : http : / / www . lpl . univ-aix . fr / sposs
",0
2599,"Subject: brazilian international conference on cognitive science ( iii ebicc )
 
 iii brazilian international conference on cognitive science ( iii ebicc ) e - mail : eliane @ cle . unicamp . br homepage : http : / / www . unicamp . br / cle / projesp . htm 13 - 18 april 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = state university of campinas ( unicamp ) - campinas , s . p . brazil organized by the brazilian society for cognitive science and centre for logic , epistemology and history of science = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = following areas : - - philosophy of mind - - connectionism - - psycolinguistics - - self - organization - - cognitive neuroscience - - artificial intelligence - - neurolinguistics - - philosophy of language - - cognitive psychology - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - minicourses auto - organizacion professores : osvaldo pessoa jr . ; maria eunice quilici gonzales ; itala maria loffredo d ' ottaviano ; ettore bresciani ; carmem beatriz milidoni ; jonatas manzolli . modelos de inteligencia artificial para processos cognitivos professores : aluizio araujo ; clara santos ; gerson zaverucha . neurociencia cognitiva professores : antonio carlos guimar \ 227es de almeida ; vitor geraldi haase ; henrique sch \ 252tzer del nero ; vera maura fernandes de lima ; wolfgang hanke . filosofia da linguagem "" pragmatica e ciencias cognitivas "" professores : marcelo dascal . cognitivo e linguagem professores : edson francozo ; adriana benevides soares . workshop "" metaphors we move by "" professora : varda dascal - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - organizing committee : michael b . wrigley ( chairman ) adriana benevides soares ana maria pellegrini aloisio araujo carlos alberto lungarzo edson francozo jonatas manzolli jose roberto piqueira maria eunice q . gonzales walter a . carnielli - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - participating institutions : state university of campinas ( unicamp ) , university of sao paulo ( usp ) , state university of sao paulo ( unesp ) , state university of north rio de janeiro ( uenf ) , national association of postgraduate programmes in philosophy ( anpof ) funding organizations : capes , cnpq , faep-unicamp , fapesp = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
",0
2600,"Subject: computationally - intensive methods in quantitative linguistics
 
 second workshop in computationally-intensive methods in quantitative linguistics department of statistics university of glasgow , uk 7 - 9 september 1998 announcement and call for registration in recent years techniques from disciplines such as computer science , articficial intelligence and statistics have found their way into the pages of journals such as the journal of quantitative linguistics , literary and linguistic computing and computers and the humanities . while this influx may bring more advanced methods of analysis to the fields of quantitative linguistics , stylometry and stylistics , the demands upon researchers to understand and use these new techniques are great . familiarity with the appropriate software and the ear of a sympathetic expert are pre-requisites without which the technique may seem out of reach to the average researcher . the humanities advanced technology and information institute and the department of statistics of the university of glasgow are hence supporting this practical workshop in computationally - intensive methods in quantitative linguistics . the workshop is designed to introduce the participants to four such techniques in a practical environment . each half-day session will be divided into an introductory session in a lecture theatre and a longer period spent working with software and practical examples . all of the speakers have published papers using the analyses they will present and their aim in this workshop is to enable the participants to return to their home institutions able to carry out these techniques in the course of their own research . the sessions and speakers are as follows : harald baayen ; max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen , the netherlands . large number of rare event models walter daelemans ; university of tilburg , the netherlands . linguistics as data mining : using machine learning techniques to discover linguistic generalizations michael oakes ; university of lancaster , unted kingdom . multivariate statistics in corpus linguistics fiona tweedie ; university of glasgow , united kingdom . time series models in linguistics the workshop will be held in the mathematics building of the university of glasgow , commencing on monday 7 september at 1pm . the four workshop sessions will take place on monday afternoon , tuesday 8 september and the morning of wednesday 9 september . there will also be a half day tour on the wednesday afternoon and a reception in the hunterian art gallery on monday evening . accommodation has been arranged in university accommodation with some en suite facilities . the reception , tea and coffee , lunches on 8 and 9 september and evening meals on 7 and 8 september are included in the registration fee . the registration fee , until 15 july , is gbp150 . 00 and gbp100 . 00 for students . participants who are also attending the digital resources in the humanities conference , 9-12 september are eligible for a discount in the registration fees . for more information about the workshop and to register , please consult the web site at http : / / www . stats . gla . ac . uk / ~ cimql or send email to the conference organisers at cimql @ stats . gla . ac . uk . please note that the organisers will be attending the allc / ach conference in debrecen from 2-11 july , so responses during this time may be sparse .
",0
2601,"Subject: books : a survey of american linguistics
 
 the publishing house of moscow state university has just released a groundbreaking 455 - page hard cover book in russian which is a collection of surveys on the state of modern american linguistics . "" fundamental trends of modern american linguistics "" ( "" fundamental ' nye napravlenija sovremennoj amerikanskoj lingvistiki "" ) is unique in its scope since it is the first ever comprehensive publication in russian which presents diverse disciplines within american linguistics to russian - speaking audience . the book consists of three major parts : part i : generative grammar chapter 1 . brief history of the generative grammar ( john bailyn , suny at stony brook ) chapter 2 . a study of syntactic conditions in the generative grammar ( konstantin kazenin & yakov testelec , mgu ) chapter 3 . the generative grammar and the free word order problem ( natasha kondarshova , cornell u ) chapter 4 . the generative grammar and russian linguistics : aspect and case ( natal ' ja isakadze & irina kobozeva , mgu ) part ii : other formal theories : phonology , semantics , psycholinguistics , and acquisition chapter 5 . phonology ( katya zubritskaya , nyu ) chapter 6 . formal semantics ( roumyana izvorska , u of pennsylvania ) chapter 7 . psycholinguistics ( irina sekerina , u of pennsylvania ) chapter 8 . acquisition ( sergey avrutin , yale u ) part iii : functional and cognitive theories chapter 9 . functionalism ( andrey kibrik and vladimir plungjan , mgu ) chapter 10 . semantics in cognitive linguistics ( alan cienki , emory u ) chapter 11 . main concepts of cognitive semantics ( ekaterina rakhilina , viniti ) appendix : the grammaticala relevance of theme / rheme partition ( george fowler , indiana university ) index of languages index of terms the authors and the editors made every attempt to concisely and accurately translate the linguistic terms without which it modern american linguistics will not be comprehensible . the reader will find russian translations and definitions of such syntactic terms as "" subjacency principle "" , "" spellout "" , "" island constraints "" , phonological terms such as "" underspecification theory "" , "" onset principle "" , "" the ocp "" , "" optimality theory "" , and many others included in the comprehensive 47 - page russian - english index . most of the phenomena discussed are illustrated with russian examples . please address your inquires to dr . irina sekerina at sekerina @ linc . cis . upenn . edu . more information is posted at the following url : http : / / www . cis . upenn . edu / ~ sekerina / book . htm .
",0
2602,"Subject: wecol ' 98 - - western conference on linguistics
 
 arizona state university cordially invites you to attend wecol ' 98 ( western conference on linguistics ) , to be held in conjunction with lasso xxvii , 9-11 october 1998 . information about the conference ( s ) may be found at our websites : http : / / www . public . asu . edu / ~ teresalw / wecol . htm http : / / www . public . asu . edu / ~ teresalw / lasso . htm these sites include preliminary programs as well as information about the meeting site , lodging , nearby areas of interest , and your host institution arizona state university . please feel free to contact the pagemaster of the site , teresa . wells @ asu . edu , with any questions . teresa wells research assistant to dr . elly van gelderen english department arizona state university
",0
2603,"Subject: euralex ' 98 - revised programme
 
 euralex ' 98 - liege , belgium ( 4 - 8 august 1998 ) dear colleagues , the final programme of the 8th international congress of the european association for lexicography ( euralex ' 98 ) is now available at the following web address : http : / / engdep1 . philo . ulg . ac . be / euralex . htm ( click on euralex ' 98 final programme ) or directly at http : / / engdep1 . philo . ulg . ac . be / michiels / final . htm best wishes , thierry fontenelle
",0
2604,",Body,Label
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  attention ! warning ! adults only ! warning ! adults only ! if you are under 21 years of age , or not interested in sexually explicit material . . . please hit your keyboard delete button now and please excuse the intrusion . to remove your name from our mailing list , send us email with remove in the subject line . you need not read any further ! available now for only $ 9 . 95 ! next 10 days only ! world record sex ! be there ! see it now on video ! unbelievable . . . but true ! you won't believe your eyes ! ! ! [ as seen on the howard stern show ] """" the world 's biggest gang bang """" see sexy annabel chong as she sets the world gang bang record in this fantastic video documentary that chronicles her 24 hour sexathon with 251 men engaging in sexual intercourse and oral sex with her ! do n't worry , you won't have to stay up 24 hours to watch it all . we ' ve selected only the most exciting and red hot scenes for you . . . all in breathtaking living color with plenty of extreme close-ups ! this video is guaranteed to knock your socks off and leave you breathless ! you ' ve never seen anything like it ! annabel takes on five men at a time ! 90 minutes ! order today ! only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] . """" gang bang ii """" the record breaker ! ! ! starring jasmin st . claire ! see beautiful and voluptious jasmin st . claire shatter annabel 's gang bang record by taking on 300 men in one 24 hour sex session ! you won't believe your eyes at all the hot firey action that you will see as the new world record is established before your eyes as jasmin takes on five men at a time for sexual intercourse and oral sex ! your friends will break down your door to see this video ! you ' ll be the most popular guy in town ! the action is truly unreal and you will see the best of it in living life-like color ! order today and see jasmin break the record ! 90 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] . also available . . . the uncensored authentic underground . . . pamela anderson lee & tommy lee sex video tape ! everyone is talking about this exciting video ! see pam and tommy engaging in sexual intercourse and oral sex in the car , on the boat and much , much more ! a real collectors video ! 30 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] """" tonya harding wedding night sex video """" now see the beautiful ice skating shame of the olympics tonya harding engaging in sexual intercourse and oral sex on her wedding night with husband jeff gillooly ! this """" bad girl """" is hot ! do n't miss this video ! 30 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] """" traci . . . i love you """" starring traci lords now see the most beautiful and popular porn star in her last adult video before she hit the big time ! it 's the blockbuster of the year . . . sensual . . . fiery and exposive ! traci lords in her most erotic and controversial film ever ! do n't miss it ! 90 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] email special ! order any four videos and get the fifth one free ! ! ! your order will be shipped via first class mail . all shipments in plain unmarked wrapper . for priority mail - add $ 5 for overnight express - add $ 15 you can order by phone , fax , mail or email . we accept all major credit cards and checks by phone or fax . visa - mastercard - american express - discover 10 day money back guarantee ! we know that you will be pleased with these videos ! to email your order - do not hit reply on your keyboard send email to our special email address below : zsazsa36 @ juno . com [ note : if you order by email and do not receive an email acknowledgement within 24 hours , please phone our office at 718-287 - 3800 ] phone our office 9am to 10 pm [ eastern time ] [ 718 ] 287-3800 to order by phone for fastest service ! we can accept your credit card or check by phone fax your order 24 hours per day to [ 718 ] 462-5920 you can fax your credit card information or your check order by mail by sending $ 12 . 95 per video , cash , check , money order or major credit card [ visa , mastercard , american express or discover ] to tcps , inc . 4718 18th ave . suite 135 brooklyn , ny 11204 make checks & money orders payable to tcps , inc . new york state residents please add 85 cents for sales tax per video ! you must be over 21 years of age to order and give us your date of birth with your order ! the following order form is for your convenience ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please ship me the following video tape [ s ] ! qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ annabel chong """" world 's biggest gang bang """" qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """" gang bang ii """" jasmin st . claire qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """" pamela & tommy lee sex video tape """" qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """" tonya harding wedding night sex video tape """" qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """" traci i love you """" traci lords at $ 9 . 95 each plus $ 3 . 00 for shipping and handling per tape [ $ 12 . 95 per video or """" special $ 51 . 80 for all five """" ! credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp date _ _ _ i hereby represent that i am over 21 years of age . my date of birth is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ship to : name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ area code and home phone [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax # [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to remove your name from our mailing list , send us an email with remove in the subject line . this is a one time offer and you should not hear from us again ! foreign orders - add $ 15us if you desire air parcel post shipment . we ship all over the world . by deleting your unwanted e - mail you waste one keystroke , yet by throwing away paper mail you waste our planet ! save the trees and support internet e - mail instead of paper mail ! [ c ] copyright tcps 1998
 "",1
 5,""Subject: see amazing world record sex !
  
  attention ! warning ! adults only ! warning ! adults only ! if you are under 21 years of age , or not interested in sexually explicit material . . . please hit your keyboard delete button now and please excuse the intrusion . to remove your name from our mailing list , send us email with remove in the subject line . you need not read any further ! available now for only $ 9 . 95 ! next 10 days only ! world record sex ! be there ! see it now on video ! unbelievable . . . but true ! you won't believe your eyes ! ! ! [ as seen on the howard stern show ] """" the world 's biggest gang bang """" see sexy annabel chong as she sets the world gang bang record in this fantastic video documentary that chronicles her 24 hour sexathon with 251 men engaging in sexual intercourse and oral sex with her ! do n't worry , you won't have to stay up 24 hours to watch it all . we ' ve selected only the most exciting and red hot scenes for you . . . all in breathtaking living color with plenty of extreme close-ups ! this video is guaranteed to knock your socks off and leave you breathless ! you ' ve never seen anything like it ! annabel takes on five men at a time ! 90 minutes ! order today ! only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] . """" gang bang ii """" the record breaker ! ! ! starring jasmin st . claire ! see beautiful and voluptious jasmin st . claire shatter annabel 's gang bang record by taking on 300 men in one 24 hour sex session ! you won't believe your eyes at all the hot firey action that you will see as the new world record is established before your eyes as jasmin takes on five men at a time for sexual intercourse and oral sex ! your friends will break down your door to see this video ! you ' ll be the most popular guy in town ! the action is truly unreal and you will see the best of it in living life-like color ! order today and see jasmin break the record ! 90 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] . also available . . . the uncensored authentic underground . . . pamela anderson lee & tommy lee sex video tape ! everyone is talking about this exciting video ! see pam and tommy engaging in sexual intercourse and oral sex in the car , on the boat and much , much more ! a real collectors video ! 30 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] """" tonya harding wedding night sex video """" now see the beautiful ice skating shame of the olympics tonya harding engaging in sexual intercourse and oral sex on her wedding night with husband jeff gillooly ! this """" bad girl """" is hot ! do n't miss this video ! 30 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] """" traci . . . i love you """" starring traci lords now see the most beautiful and popular porn star in her last adult video before she hit the big time ! it 's the blockbuster of the year . . . sensual . . . fiery and exposive ! traci lords in her most erotic and controversial film ever ! do n't miss it ! 90 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] email special ! order any four videos and get the fifth one free ! ! ! your order will be shipped via first class mail . all shipments in plain unmarked wrapper . for priority mail - add $ 5 for overnight express - add $ 15 you can order by phone , fax , mail or email . we accept all major credit cards and checks by phone or fax . visa - mastercard - american express - discover 10 day money back guarantee ! we know that you will be pleased with these videos ! to email your order - do not hit reply on your keyboard send email to our special email address below : sparkle124 @ juno . com [ note : if you order by email and do not receive an email acknowledgement within 24 hours , please phone our office at 718-287 - 3800 ] phone our office 9am to 10 pm [ eastern time ] [ 718 ] 287-3800 to order by phone for fastest service ! we can accept your credit card or check by phone fax your order 24 hours per day to [ 718 ] 462-5920 you can fax your credit card information or your check order by mail by sending $ 12 . 95 per video , cash , check , money order or major credit card [ visa , mastercard , american express or discover ] to tcps , inc . 4718 18th ave . suite 135 brooklyn , ny 11204 make checks & money orders payable to tcps , inc . new york state residents please add 85 cents for sales tax per video ! you must be over 21 years of age to order and give us your date of birth with your order ! the following order form is for your convenience ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please ship me the following video tape [ s ] ! qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ annabel chong """" world 's biggest gang bang """" qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """" gang bang ii """" jasmin st . claire qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """" pamela & tommy lee sex video tape """" qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """" tonya harding wedding night sex video tape """" qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """" traci i love you """" traci lords at $ 9 . 95 each plus $ 3 . 00 for shipping and handling per tape [ $ 12 . 95 per video or """" special $ 51 . 80 for all five """" ! credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp date _ _ _ i hereby represent that i am over 21 years of age . my date of birth is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ship to : name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ area code and home phone [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax # [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to remove your name from our mailing list , send us an email with remove in the subject line . this is a one time offer and you should not hear from us again ! foreign orders - add $ 15us if you desire air parcel post shipment . we ship all over the world . by deleting your unwanted e - mail you waste one keystroke , yet by throwing away paper mail you waste our planet ! save the trees and support internet e - mail instead of paper mail ! [ c ] copyright tcps 1998
 "",1
 6,""Subject: we can help you get a loan ! ! !
  
  subject : re : are you in debt ? if you are then we can help . qualifying is now at your fingertips and there are no long distance calls to make or travel plans to arrange . free loan evaluation : http : / / 209 . 84 . 246 . 173 / 151 . html or go herehttp : / / www . bizmen . tj / amcap / 151 . html we are american capital mortgage services , we specialize in helping homeowners establish one easy low monthly payment with the added benefit of not needing any equity in your home . american capital is constantly working with other lenders throughout the u . s . to provide you with the best interest rate possible . we have a number of different companies that we work with and this is at no cost to you ever . we are simply a referral agency . as you may have seen in our ad you can be loaned up to 125 % of the value of your home or $ 100 , 000 . 00 even if you have no equity in your home . there are no up-front or advanced fees of any kind . you can be approved within 24 hours and have your cash in one weeks time . in order for us to provide you with a free loan evaluation , please go to : http : / / 209 . 84 . 246 . 173 / 151 . htmlor go herehttp : / / www . bizmen . tj / amcap / 151 . html put us to the test i know we can help you . kindest regards .
 "",1
 7,""Subject: beat the irs & pay-no - more
  
  = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = - please read - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the founding fathers of the united states of america wrote our con - stitution , bill of rights and declaration of independence to set us free from tyranny and taxation . our founding fathers did not want our government to make you pay income taxes . if you study the constitution , and the irs tax laws , you will find that paying income taxes is not mandatory . it is based on a voluntary system . the laws and the supreme court and the irs have ruled that federal income taxes are voluntary and filing a return is not required in many cases if you properly volunteer out of the system and their jurisdiction . . """" our tax system is based on individual self assessment and voluntary compliance . """" - m . caplin , irs commissioner """" our tax system is based upon voluntary assessment and payment and not on distraint """" - supreme court ruling , flora v . u . s . , 362 u . s . 145 it is very easy and legal to volunteer out of the irs tax system , but you must know the exact process required to do this simple task . if you don t know the correct way to do this , you could be fined $ 500 by the irs . if you will spend just $ 35 . 00 we will send you our report : """" beat the irs & pay-no - more """" . our report will set you free legally ! after reading our report and filling out a simple form you will be free from the irs bandits and the graduated federal income tax . . . forever . our report is guaranteed to stop federal income tax withholding from your pay check ! ! ! you will never have to pay federal income taxes again . you will never have to file a 1040 form again . you will never have to keep personal expense or income records . you will be completely free from the federal income tax and the irs . we send you absolute proof you do not have to file a return . after reading our report and following simple instructions your pay check will be free from those nasty income tax deductions . this will put an extra $ 20 to $ 200 in your pocket every week ! . """" isn t it about time you get paid what your worth ? """" now is the time to fight back . please read on ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * """" beat-the - irs & pay-no - more """" our package , ( beat the irs & pay-no - more ) will teach you exactly how to easily : stop federal income tax withholding , stop april filing of 1040 form , & stop the irs extortion permanently ! this works for all citizens that are not government employes , do n't deal in alcohol , tobacco , or fire arms , or own a corporation or own a business where you are under a duty to withold from your employes paycheck . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the irs federal income tax system is based on voluntary complience . . . we will teach you how to legally volunteer out of the system ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - your success is absolutely unconditionally guaranteed ! our methods work every time for everybody if you were born in and live in one of the 50 republic states and are not a government employee . also you can not live or work on government property such as a mili - tary base , washington , d . c . , guam , semoa , virgin islands , etc . our method is 100 % legal , honest and ethical . we will pay anybody $ 1 , 000 if they can prove our method is illegal , dishonest or unethical ! ! ! our method has worked for every person who has ever bought this package without exception . nobody has ever failed and only 2 people asked for a refund ! ! ! - our package includes a lifetime , free , 50 % pay out dealership , plus all the marketing material master copies you will ever need . your paychecks will be 10 % to 35 % bigger every week , within 2 weeks of filing the proper forms and affidavit . why not give yourself a raise this year by exercising and enjoying more of your constitu - tional rights . set yourself free ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - your package includes unlimited free phone consultations , a copy of the u . s . constitution , the bill of rights , forms , affidavits , and much , much more ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - order form - cut - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - to order by mail : send this order form plus your name , address , phone # and a $ 35 money order to : linkco - - dept . # 00001 - - pob 66781 - - phoenix , az 85082 phone : ( 602 ) 267-9688 you may also call just to ask questions . thanks for reading this message ! - ( unconditional money back guarantee ) - - copyright 1996 linkco - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to be removed from our list send an e-mail to : zz214 @ usa . net with remove in the subject area . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",1
 8,""Subject: email 57 million people for $ 99
  
  57 million email addresses for only $ 99 you want to make some money ? i can put you in touch with over 50 million people at virtually no cost . can you make one cent from each of theses names ? if you can you have a profit of over $ 500 , 000 . 00 that 's right , i have 57 million fresh email addresses that i will sell for only $ 99 . these are all fresh addresses that include almost every person on the internet today , with no duplications . they are all sorted and ready to be mailed . that is the best deal anywhere today ! imagine selling a product for only $ 5 and getting only a 1 / 10 % response . that 's $ 2 , 850 , 000 in your pocket ! ! ! do n't believe it ? people are making that kind of money right now by doing the same thing , that is why you get so much email from people selling you their product . . . . it works ! i will even tell you how to mail them with easy to follow step-by - step instructions i include with every order . these 57 million email addresses are yours to keep , so you can use them over and over and they come on 1 cd . this offer is not for everyone . if you can not see the just how excellent the risk / reward ratio in this offer is then there is nothing i can do for you . to make money you must stop dreaming and take action . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the bronze marketing setup 57 , 000 , 000 email addresses on cd these name are all in text files ready to mail ! ! ! $ 99 . 00 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the silver marketing setup 57 , 000 , 000 email addresses on cd these name are all in text files ready to mail ! ! ! and 8 different bulk email programs and tools to help with your mailings and list management . $ 139 . 00 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the gold marketing setup virtually everything ! ! 57 , 000 , 000 email addresses on cd these name are all in text files ready to mail ! ! ! and 8 different bulk email programs and tools to help with your mailings and list management . and over 500 different business reports now being sold on the internet for up to $ 100 each . you get full rights to resell these reports . with this package you get the email addresses , the software to mail them and ready to sell information products . and . . . . . . . . a collection of the 100 best money making adds currently floating around on the internet . $ 189 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the platinum marketing setup for those ready to """" own the net """" 57 , 000 , 000 email addresses on cd these name are all in text files ready to mail ! ! ! and 8 different bulk email programs and tools to help with your mailings and list management . and over 500 different business reports now being sold on the internet for up to $ 100 each . you get full rights to resell these reports . with this package you get the email addresses , the software to mail them and ready to sell information products . and . . . . . . . . a collection of the 100 best money making adds currently floating around on the internet . and . . . . . . floodgate & goldrush fully registered software ! ! this is the number 1 most powerful mass mailing software in the world today . there is nothing that can compare for speed , reliability , performance , and the ability to use """" stealth """" functions . this is the package that will allow you to use the net as your own personal """" money tree """" at will ! ! ! $ 379 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * several ways to order ! ! ! if you order by phone we will ship your cd containing the 57 million + names within 12 hours of your order ! ! ! 1 ) we accept : american express or visa mastercard type of card amx / visa / mc ? ? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on credit card _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ billing address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone include area code _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ we will bill selected amount to your account plus the following shipping costs shipping cost of 3 . 85 first class mail shipping cost of 15 . 00 24 hour express mail / federal express sales tax added to ar residents > > > send correct amount in cash , check or money order to : > > > fire power ! ! > > > 1320 n . """" b """" st . , suite 112-24 > > > fort smith , ar 72901 2 ) send the same above requested credit card information to above address . 3 ) call phone # 530-876 - 4293 . this is a 24 hour phone number to place a credit card order . fire power ! is a private company and is not affiliated with , or endorsed by , aol , msn , or any other internet service provider . copyright 1998 all rights reser
 "",1
 9,""Subject: 
  
  make $ 3500 per week using your home computer ! put my free software in your computer . . . . . start making huge amounts of cash . . . . . without working ! ! ! ! your computer does all the work . . you get all the money ! ! ! you never have to talk to anybody ! ! just load my free software into your computer . . . and let it go . . . you will not believe how much money will come rolling in because of the efforts of your computer ! ! ! to get more information on this email me at . . manboca @ hotmail . com
 "",1
 10,""Subject: the best , just got better
  
  the 2 newest and hottest interactive adult web sites will soon be the largest ! ! ! check out both of the following adult web sites free samples and trial memberships ! ! ! ! live triple x adult entertainment and pictures . new content added weekly ! ! ! girls , boys , couples , and more ! ! ! check them both out : http : / / www2 . dirtyonline . com http : / / www . chixchat . com
 "",1
 11,""Subject: . . . . . use hypnosis to make money !
  
  hi . my name is dennis . i am a third-generation , professional hypnotherapist with over 22 years experience . i also , like many of you , spend a bit of time online . like you , i get hit by all sorts of mail either promoting sex sites or promising untold riches . being practical , i know multilevel marketing makes a lot of money for some people . . . the ones at the front end , at the beginning . but all the ones i have seen advertised are either the same one or clones of each other . i am sure you know the one i am talking about . i know people are still making money with it , or there would n't be so many advertisements . but they are n't making much , for two main reasons i can see . first it is the same , tired program that was old when i first went online a couple of years ago . anyone starting now would be at the tail end rather than the head . second perhaps more importantly . . . that program doesn ' t sell anything that people really want ! they wrote up some reports full of information that you probably either already know or do n't care about , just so they would have a product to sell . i have a solution . offer a product that people want to buy ! i have written clear , easy-to - read reports on self-hypnosis . most people have things they want to improve about their lives . many of these things , including stress , weight control , and smoking , can be taken care of with hypnosis . but people have good reasons why they do n't go to a hypnotherapist to take care of them . one is cost . even though being healthy saves money in the long run , people look at the short term expense and decide against it . another is pride . who wants to admit that they needed help from someone else ? it is almost like going to a psychiatrist . even though it is nothing to be ashamed of , it is still something few people want to admit . now people can learn how to take care of many of their problems themselves ! not only will they save money , they will have a sense of pride in being able to do it themselves . i am sure you have heard someone say before , """" i lost 15 pounds """" or """" i quit smoking . """" they are proud of what they have accomplished . i keep saying """" they """" because even though you will be able to use this knowledge for yourself , you will make your money by selling the reports to the many people that are also interested in hypnosis . with that other program i mentioned people have made a lot of money selling something nobody really wants . think how well you could do selling a product that is actually worth it ! i am trying to keep this email short , but want you to think about something else . i have seen multilevel emails that had the following : 1st level - 10 members with $ 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ $ 50 2nd level - 10 from each of those 10 ( $ 5x100 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ $ 500 3rd level - 10 from each of those 100 ( $ 5x1 , 000 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ $ 5 , 000 4th level - 10 from each of those 1 , 000 ( $ 5x10 , 000 ) _ _ _ _ _ $ 50 , 000 total $ 55 , 550 if they expect that much participation in a program that old , could n't you expect twice the participation per level ? getting 20 people instead of 10 for each level would make you $ 842 , 100 ! the first three reports teach how you can hypnotize yourself to improve you life . the fourth shows how to set up your email , how to get it out to others , and other tips and strategies you can use to be a success . i want you to be a success , because each person who replies to you , asking for report 1 , will also be replying to me asking for report 2 . then , when those people contact customers , you will be receiving money and orders from people you did n't even have to contact ! they will be advertising for you ! i am now going to list the reports and the addresses to order them from . just think , your name is going to be at the # 1 position , the one that makes the most money , when you send out your emails . report 1 : general information on self - hypnosis & relaxation and stress relief the perfect combination po box 798 chepachet , ri 02814 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - report 2 : weight loss rvp po box 190 wahiawa , hi 96786 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - report 3 : quitting smoking & other uses and tips for self - hypnosis s . franco po box 623 bonsall , ca 92003-0623 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - report 4 : turning it into a business j . destefano box 20793 1303 e . university blvd . tucson , az 85719-0521 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ordering instructions : * order each report from the person whose address is under the report title . you will need all 4 reports , because you will receive orders ( and money ) for each one , as your name travels down each of the 4 levels . * each report costs $ 5 . 00 cash . imagine receiving 100s of $ 5 . 00 checks a day , wondering which ones have cleared , and which ones have n't . you can see why cash is a necessity . the money should be wrapped in 2 pieces of paper , concealing it to prevent theft . * on one sheet of paper you should include the name & number of the report you are ordering , your email address , and your postal address . please write clearly . if your email address have parts that can be confused , i . e . 0 vs . o , l vs . i , etc . , please specify which it is . * the report will be sent to you as quickly as possible after your order is received . it will be sent as an attached document via email , unless there is trouble with your email address . the postal address will then be used as a backup . * make sure you save each report as you receive it , so you will be ready to send it out as you start receiving your orders ! * as i mentioned earlier , instructions on how to set up the email for you to mail out are on report 4 . for now , it would be best if you saved this email , so you will have it to work with later . finally , i want to remind you that this is a legitimate business . you should treat it as such when you enter it . you can talk to the small business administration if you need help in starting your business . you will of course need to pay local and federal taxes on the money you make . but since it is money you would n't have had otherwise , giving a little of it to uncle sam won't hurt . please contact the internal revenue service for any questions you have concerning applicable taxes . even though i am confident that a little effort will make you a success in this business , i can make no guarantees and none should be implied . actual profits made may be lower , equal to , or exceed the amounts mentioned in this letter . i would wish you luck , but i do n't feel luck is as important as making good decisions and having determination .
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 12,""Subject: the challenge
  
  from the desk of robert g . allen dear nlpeople first let me ask you this question . do you want to build an extra stream of income ? if you said , """" yes ! """" then let me show you how you can began living your dreams this year instead of waiting until it 's too late . if you are not interested in this , please forgive the intrusion and delete this letter , and i will not contact you again . as it says on the letterhead , my name is robert allen . i ' m well known for my books , nothing down and creating wealth ( which were # 1 new york times best sellers ) and my recent audio programs , road to wealth and multiple streams of income . according to independent research , these books and programs have created hundreds of millionaires . my third book is called """" the challenge . """" it 's a true story of how i selected a woman from an unemployment line and taught her my success secrets . ninety days later , she had earned $ 5 , 000 and in a year , had earned $ 100 , 000 . i ' m now working on my next challenge . i call it the multiple streams of income challenge . here 's the challenge . as a test , i am selecting a small group of people and teaching them a brand new way of earning extra streams of income . i want you to work with me on this next challenge . if you join with me , you will be working with me and my team of highly successful people . our financial success is tied directly to you . if you are successful , then we are successful . it 's that simple . i do n't want to take up your time if you ' re not really looking for a way to add an extra stream of income . therefore , i ' ve recorded a message on a 24 hour voice mail number that gives the basic information . here 's the number . 801-235 - 0600 if you have access to a fax machine then also call our fax on demand at 415-995 - 2365 . this will give you a complete overview of our company . check out our web site at www . usana . com call this hotline number , retrieve this fax , and check out this web site today ! you will be glad you did . to have someone contact you with information on joining , please send a request to plumb111 @ aristotle . net and someone will respond as soon as possible . if you wish to be contacted by phone , please include you phone number and area code . massive success bob allen
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 13,""Subject: * special book offer * from americana enterprizes
  
  * have you ever got a speeding ticket and needed a desperate way to get out of it ? * would you like to know how to become a mystery shopper ? * do you know how quick and easy it is to get a patent ? * would you like to know how to save big $ $ $ in real estate taxes ? * do you have any idea how easy it is to make $ $ with your home pc ? * do you know how easy it is to self publish your own book ? > > > > these questions are just a sample of the 16 topics that we have to offer . please read on . . . americana enterprizes offers a complete set of informational """" how to . . . """" books and manuals . presently , we have 16 titles that contain detailed easy-to - read information to enhance your knowledge of various topics . * * the following is a list of our comprehensive line : * * ( summaries of each topic are explained below ) 1 . how to get a patent easy and quickly . 2 . how to become a government hud tracer . 3 . complete guide to lowering your mortgage . 4 . how to turn your spare time into cash . 5 . how to get any job you want . 6 . quick and easy ways to make money at home . 7 . how to become a mystery shopper . 8 . how to save big $ $ in real estate taxes . 9 . how to make big $ $ $ with your personal computer . 10 . how to self publish your own book . 11 . how to stop smoking forever . 12 . how to make big $ $ $ buying and selling real estate . 13 . how to beat any speeding ticket . 14 . how to make a living as a musician . 15 . how to help your children with their homework . 16 . growing up drug free . * americana enterprizes saves you the hassle of going out and searching for this hard to find information . all the research and hard work has already been done for you . most of this information cannot be found in bookstores . * the best part of this offer from americana enterprizes is that these manuals are available through e - mail . no shopping in a bookstore or hours of researching the library . especially , no waiting """" 6 to 8 weeks for delivery . """" you can order from americana enterprizes and receive your book or manual within 24 hours from receipt of payment . * you ask how we can do this ? americana enterprizes has purchased the re-publishing rights to these 16 titles . we bought them on disc . the books are copyrighted and protected . so through our purchase , we can sell you these books through e-mail at a fraction of the cost we paid for them . * cost of these materials is a minimum compared to buying the manuals in a bookstore ( that is if you could find them ) . most major companies would have to charge $ 29 . 99 or more for hard binding these books . since we can send the manuals through email in one of three different formats , these costs are saved . we here at americana enterprizes can pass these savings on to the consumer . * * each book or manual is thorough and complete . they vary in page length from 30 to 40 pages . * * * * brief descriptions of each topic : ( best-sellers are denoted by an * ) 1 . how to get a patent easy and quickly . it is hoped that this booklet will be useful to inventors and prospective applicants for patents to students , and to others who may be interested in patents , trademarks , and copyrights . this goes into depth and detail on how to attain a patent with some useful information on trademarks and copyrights . 2 . how to become a government hud tracer . well the system was designed to be simple . however , there is one catch . although in most cases it is explained to them at the act of sale , most people do not fully understand the mortgage insurance program . they do not realize that if they sell their home and someone else takes out a new mortgage , their loan is fully paid by the new mortgage . many do not realize that if they refinance for a lower interest rate , the new mortgage will pay off the original debt . many simply just forget that they have money waiting for them when they retire their mortgage . there are many different reasons , but they all boil down to one fact . there are many unclaimed dollars sitting in the hud / fha shared distribution section , with approximately 95 % of the fha / hud borrowers not asking for the return of their money . with the addition of new names monthly , and such few individuals being found and refunded the money due them , this fund grows each month at an amazing rate . this is where you fit in . . . the ! ! book goes into detail on how to become a hud tracer and make huge sums of money doing this . . . . 3 . complete guide to lowering your mortgage . the purpose of this book is to assist you in lowering your monthly mortgage payments . several options will be made available to you to achieve this goal . also included , """" twelve ways to lower your homeowners insurance costs . """" 4 . how to turn your spare time into cash . * * are you ready to turn stored potential into real money ? just review some of these tips and you ' ll find you can make more money than you could ever imagine from seemingly worthless objects . 5 . how to get any job you want . you need a job . somewhere , an employer has the job you want . how do you get that job ? by marketing your job talents . by showing employers you have the skills they need . do you have job talents ? yes ! homemakers , disabled individuals , veterans , students just out of school , people already working all have skills and experience for many good jobs . what you need to know is how to market your talents effectively to find the right job . this book will help you : evaluate your interests and skills . find job information . write resumes and application letters . prepare for job interviews plan your time . take tests . 6 . quick and easy ways to make money at home . * * because tens of thousands of people all across america want to know how they can work at home and earn enough money to run a household , there is a special need for this report . today the need for women to work out of the home is stronger than ever . according to recent surveys , almost 70 % are married and contribute up to 50 % and more to the family income . because family responsibilities play such an important part in the lives of men and women , millions of individuals and couples are seeking ways to make money at home . in the past decade , money-making home-based opportunities that match a person 's skills , interests , abilities , and ingenuity have become almost limitless . the purpose of this report is to show you that it 's simple and easy to join the ranks of success-minded people by choosing a work-at - home program that suits your interests and needs . 7 . how to become a mystery shopper . * * * * the joy of shopping * * * for some of us , the thought of having to go to the grocery store , mall or any store for that matter is considered something of a pleasure ! the hard part is always having a reason to go , or the extra money to spend when we do . does this sound like you ? if so , then you are a perfect candidate to become a mystery shopper ! as a mystery shopper you will have many benefits beyond the shopping - you can also receive free merchandise , get paid for your time , enjoy dinner at restaurants you have always wanted to try , take trips , the possibilities are endless . now you can shop to your hearts content and have fun while you """" work """" ! what exactly is a mystery shopper ? how do i become a mystery shopper ? answers found in this book . . . . 8 . how to save big $ $ in real estate taxes . * * of all the taxes you pay , probably none delivers more tangible benefits than the property tax you send to your city , town , or county . real estate taxes are the lifeblood of local governments , accounting for some three quarters of their budgets for schools , sanitation , parks , and public safety - - in short , for just about everything that makes the quality of life in your community what it is . but even if you ' re satisfied with what your property-tax dollar buys , you should not have to pay more than your fair share . however , if you pay substantially more than your neighbors do or if your locality has n't had a general property revaluation in several years , your tax assessment may be too high . this book shows you ways to find out if you are paying more than your share and what to do about it . 9 . how to make big $ $ $ $ with your personal computer . * * * * * for those of you who currently own , or are thinking of buying a personal computer , you can just about guarantee yourself that for just a few hours of your spare time , you could easily produce an income that exceeds your current monthly earnings . thousands of success stories have been documented , and you could easily earn up to $ 5 , 000 a month , and more , in your spare time . home based computer entrepreneurs were once predicted to be """" the wave of the future . """" the computer revolution of the 1980 's has created the computer explosion of the 1990 's . successful computer entrepreneurs have shown that it does n't matter if your computer is a simplified apple , or a loaded ibm pc , you can use it to make more money in your spare time than you ever dreamed was possible . in his book , the third wave , author alvin tomer predicted that the electronic cottage would be the mom and pop business of the future . the """" future """" has arrived ! increasing numbers of home based businesses have made tomer 's pr ! ! edication a reality . 10 . how to self publish your own book . you can make a lot of money by writing and self-publishing your own material , if you are willing to write the books , manuals , reports or newsletters that millions of people across the united states , and throughout the world for that matter , desperately want to buy . this books shows you how in complete detail . 11 . how to stop smoking forever . we present this book to you to help you quit smoking forever . the first week is the roughest . if you can make it just one week , you will be on your way to be tobacco free for life . being healthy is the main reason to stop smoking . you will die if you continue to smoke . 12 . how to make big $ $ buying and selling real estate . * * here is what you can expect to find in this book . . . table of contents introduction - a word about hud homes - owning a home of your own - how much home can you afford - mortgage payment calculator - there ' s a hud home with your name on it - beginning to make it on your own - different loans for different home buyers - hud brings your up-front costs down - checking it out before you check in - the finish line - questions and answers about hud homes - a word about lead based paint - terms you need to know 13 . how to beat any speeding ticket . * * * * * studies have shown that most traffic infractions are successfully prosecuted but what they do n't tell you is that as many as 95 % of all citations are not even contested in court and that when they are contested by people just like you and me , most are dismissed . this book shows you what to do in order to beat the """" rap """" . 14 . how to make a living as a musician . we present this manual which includes achievable goals which will lead you on the road to a musical career wherein you could earn a comfortable living . 15 . how to help your children with their homework . * * * * * as the handbook points out we know that children who spend more time on homework , on average , do better in school , and that the academic benefits increase as children move into the upper grades . but the value of homework extends beyond school . we know that good assignments , completed successfully , can help children develop wholesome habits and attitudes . homework can help parents learn about their children 's education and communicate both with their children and the schools . and it can encourage a lifelong love of learning . in addition to helping with homework , there are many other important ways that parents can help their children learn . 16 . growing up drug free . child rearing is one of the most important tasks anyone ever performs , and the one for which there is the least preparation . most of us learn how to be parents through on-the - job training and by following the example that our parents set . today the widespread use of alcohol and other drugs subjects our children , families , and communities to pressures unheard of 30 or 40 years ago . frankly , many of us need help to deal with this frightening threat to our children 's health and well-being . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * what some customers have said about our manuals . . . susan . . . from costa mesa , ca """" i can't believe how fun being a mystery shopper is . i make money as well as have fun doing my favorite pastime . i wish i knew about this information sooner . thank you . """" jack . . . from florida """" thanks for the tips on saving money in real estate taxes . the information in this book helped me save significant money last year . if only i had these tips 6 years ago . i would be $ 48 , 000 ahead . we saved almost $ 7 , 000 this year . thanks a million . """" kate . . . from oklahoma i am a student with a journalism major . i used your book about self publishing and applied it to some pamphlets i made up . i am now selling them and making enough money to get through school . thank you very much . brian . . . from kansas """" this book is exactly what i have been looking for . it shows me step-by - step how to make money with my computer . i am having so much fun now in my spare time when i get home from work . i now get two paychecks and have only one job . last month i made $ 3455 . 00 by using your information . i have exceeded that this month and we still have 8 days left . """" margeret . . . from texas """" thank you for the information on helping childen with their homework . i never realized how much more there was to it than just helping them with 2 + 2 = 4 or see sam run . your information is a must for any woman concerned with their childrens future . richard . . from california """" i just wanted to write back and thank you so much for helping me get out of a speeding ticket . i ordered your book on beating any speeding ticket and followed the plan of attack you had . thanks to you , my ticket was dismissed and i got to keep my license . i reccomend this book to anyone who has ever been cited a ticket . i definatley wil keep this one on my shelf . """" cheryl . . . from los angeles , ca mystery shopping is so much fun . i am making money just for shopping and eating out at fine restuarants . i can't believe this type of job ever existed . your book showed me who to contact and how to do everything i needed . this book was my best ever investment . thank you . """" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * if you hate having to wait """" 6 to 8 weeks for delivery """" when your order something , then you will be happy to know your manual or book will be emailed directly to you within 24 hours of receipt of payment . these """" how to . . """" manuals come in 3 different formats to better suit your viewing needs . formats are as follows : rich text format ( xxxxxxx . rtf ) text ( xxxxxxx . txt ) word2 ( xxxxxxx . doc ) the following programs and / or applications will read these files . microsoft word v2 . 0 , v6 . 0 , v7 . 0 or word 97 . wordperfect for windows v5 . 1 , v6 . 0 , v7 . 0 wordpad for windows95 microsoft works v3 . 0 , v4 . 0 to order our informational """" how to . . """" books and manuals , simply fill out the order form from this products menu and mail it to our office today . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ez order form all orders will be sent via e-mail within 24 hours of receipt of payment . ordering options * mail * include a check or money order for the correct amount . * make a check payable to : blake roberson > > > make sure you put your e-mail address on the order form . * mail to : americana enterprizes p . o . box 184 thompsons station , tn 37179 * all funds are to be in usa currency . * print out and complete the following form . * again make all checks payable to : blake roberson thank you for your order . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * americana enterprizes order form * * * * * * you must complete the entire order form or your order cannot be processed . * when mailing , print and enclose with your check . e-mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * please make any inquories about questionable symbols in your e - mail address such as lower case l 's , capital i 's , and various things like ( ` ' , . ) format : ( circle one ) richtext ( manual . rtf ) text ( manual . txt ) word2 ( manual . doc ) topic # : ( circle as many as you wish , refer to list above ) 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 . 15 . 16 . cost : - each : $ 10 . 00 - complete volume : ( regularly $ 160 ) > > > > $ 100 . 00 best value - sales tax has already been added for your convenience . * enclosed is a check or money order for $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ thank you again . . . . . . .
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 14,""Subject: internet - finance / top - earnings / top - investments
  
  special : work from home , sell successfully and earn a tax - free brand-new mercedes convertible details at bottom of page * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * you can earn more than 12 % p . a . with private investments , - affordable for everybody , minimum amounts start with us $ 500 no bullshit ! no mlm - schemes ! all investment offers are fully collateralized ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * are you looking for funds to expand your business ? private placements are the solution ! contact us for more details ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * do you want to receive free insider information about : - nigeria connection - trading with bank guarantees - fraudulent finance brokers if yes send a fax with your email address to 00333-87902188 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * special : = = = = = = = the person who negotiates successfully the sale of an old 34 years old company with real estate in switzerland valued with us $ 2 . 000 . 000 ( sales price us $ 1 . 200 . 000 ) will be rewarded with 10 % commission on sales price and a brand-new mercedes convertible ( shipped without any cost for you to any destination worldwide ) . the company is ideal for rich individuals who : - want to establish a base in europe - move funds to the safest place on world . - develop appartment blocks . apply by fax to 00333-87902188 to receive extensive coloured sales prospectus .
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 15,""Subject: the right tools - valuable resources !
  
  the rumors are true ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * it 's true ! you can make a lot of * money * marketing on the web ! with the potential to reach millions , the internet is a dream come true - - for those that have the tools and know how to use them . that is why i want to tell you about online success . online success is an outstanding internet marketing resource center that will provide you with the tools and the training necessary to cash in on huge profits . plus , they will support you every step of the way with their staff of highly experienced internet marketers . > > get the tools you need . . . > > get the training you need . . . > > get the support you need . . . > > learn the inside secrets . . . . . to establish your own highly profitable online marketplace . and all this can be yours for free ! in fact , online success will even pay you to take advantage of these incredible resources . what ? ! ! ( no , i ' m not kidding ! ) karen flowers ref # 109 http : / / 209 . 84 . 246 . 175 / osg / 109 """" yes it is possible to make money on the net ! """"
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 16,""Subject: 50 % or better returns .
  
  federally mandated , electric deregulation , allows for huge savings for consumers and huge profits for investors . profit from the break up of america 's largest monopoly . electricity deregulation ! the utility industry is 2 1 / 2 times the size of the telecommunications industry and proves to be at least 2 1 / 2 times the opportunity . """" usa today ( magazine ) , nov . 1997 v126n2630p14 rep . schaefer ( r . - colo . ) chairman of the house energy and power subcommittee as an owner of an electric company you could realize a potential annual return of 50 to 100 % on your investment . every time someone turns on the lights , you profit ! ! there are a very limited number of openings for partners still available in this ira approved program that should give you and your family the opportunity for an easy retirement . learn how this investment of several thousand dollars could grow to 30-40 - 50 thousand dollars or more in the next few years and provide you with an income for life . yes , ira qualified ! this is a genuine business , with real agreements . this is not multi level marketing and there is no selling involved . you are being offered an opportunity to invest and reap the rewards by participating in the potential profits of an electric company . begin your future today ! ! ! call us at 1-800 - 444-1050 for a free , no cost , no obligation video presentation and information package that contains the complete details of our outstanding opportunity .
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 17,""Subject: """" life without debt """"
  
  pardon the intrusion . no offence is meant . if you are not interested , simply ignore and delete this message . hello , i honestly believe that this is the lifeline which is guaranteed to pull you out of debt . i am throwing it out to you , please grab it . i have a simple , inexpensive solution for your debt problem . if you do not have one , then this program will enable you to obtain and secure financial freedom . it is a nobrainer compound leveraging educational program entitled , """" life without debt . """" the best part of the system is that it costs $ 5 . 00 to begin . a few weeks ago i responded to a letter just like this one and sent $ 5 . 00 to start the registration process . you will be shown how to : + + + + + compound $ 5 . 00 weekly into $ 780 . 00 weekly . + + + + + convert $ 25 . 00 weekly to $ 3 , 900 . 00 weekly . + + + + + later achieve complete financial independence by participating in the main plans which can net you $ 293 , 000 . + + + + + take control of your finances especially , mortgage notes and credit card debt . this is a solid , 9 - year old debt free company with an established customer base of over 75 , 000 . you will received detailed information by joining us on our conference call on : tuesday nights at 7 . 00 pm ( cst ) telephone number : 916-689 - 2868 . your peace of mind is worth more than $ 5 . 00 get started today . print out this letter , complete the form and return the entire letter with $ 5 . 00 ( cash only ) to : computer center po box 1511 grapevine , texas 76051 note : members residing outside of usa , must send $ 10 . 00 mailer 's id : 021 05 4698 1 your name - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - address - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - city - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - state - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - zip - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - phone number - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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 18,""Subject: just released ! 10 million ! ! !
  
  it was just released ! ! introducing . . . millions vol . 1a we took a total of over 92 million email addresses from many of the touted cd 's that are out there ( bought them all - some were $ 300 + ) ! we added the millions we had in storage to those . when we combined them all , we had in excess of 100 + million addresses in one huge file . we then ran a super """" sort / de-dupe """" program against this huge list . it cut the file down to less than 25 million ! ! ! can you believe that ? it seems that most people that are selling cd 's are duping the public by putting numerous files of addresses in the cd over and over . this created many duplicate addresses . they also had many program """" generated """" email addresses like compuserve , mci , anon 's , etc . this causes a tremendous amount of undeliverables , and for those that use stealth programs , clogs up servers quickly with trash , etc . we then ran a program that contained 1800 + keywords to remove addresses with vulgarity , profanity , sex-related names , postmaster , webmaster , flamer , abuse , spam , etc . , etc . also eliminated all . edu , . mil , . org , . gov , etc . after that list was run against the remaining list , it reduced it down to near 10 million addresses ! so , you see , our list will save people hundreds of dollars buying all others that are out there on cd and otherwise . using ours will be like using the 100 + million that we started with , but a lot less money and alot less time ! ! we also purchased cyber - promos ( $ 995 . 00 ) cd . we received it just prior to finishing production work on the new cd . we had our people take a random sample of 300 , 000 addresses from the touted 2 . 9 that they advertised . we used a program that allows us to take a random sample of addresses from any list . we were able to have the program take every 9th address , thus giving us a 300 , 000 list of cyber 's email addresses from top to bottom . we cleaned these , and came up with about 100 , 000 addresses . these are also mixed in . we also included a 6 + million """" remove / flamer """" file broke into seperate files for ease of extracting and adding to your own database of removes . """" you can buy from the rest or you can buy from the best . your choice . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ what others are saying : """" i received the cd on friday evening . like a kid with a new toy , i immediately started bulking out using the new email addresses . over the course of the weekend , i emailed out over 500 , 000 emails and i received less than twenty undeliverables ! ! i am totally satisfied with my purchase ! ! thanks premier ! ! """" dave buckley houston , tx """" this list is worth it 's weight in gold ! ! i sent out 100 , 000 emails for my product and received over 55 orders ! ann colby new orleans , la * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * here ' s the bottom line here is what you get when you order today ! > > 10 million email addresses . . . 1 per line in simple text format on a cd . files are in lots of 5 , 000 ( no codes needed to open files ) . all files are separated by domain name for your convenience . plus you receive a tremendous remove list ! 6 million + > > > now only $ 150 . 00 ! this price is effective for the next seven days , thereafter the price will be $ 199 . 00 so order now ! all lists are completely free of any duplicates . we also on a continual basis , add new names and remove undeliverables and remove requests . the result is the cleanest email addresses available anywhere to use over and over again , for a fraction of the cost that other companies charge . typical rates for acquiring email lists are from 1 cent to as high as 3 cents per email address - that 's """" information highway """" robbery ! . * * * added bonus * * * all our customers will have access to our updates on the cd volume they purchase . that 's right , we continually work on our cd . who knows when those other cds were made . we ' re constantly adding and deleting addresses , removes . etc . it all comes back to quality . no one else offers that ! do n't even hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most effective way to market anywhere . . . period ! if you have any further questions or to place an order by phone , please do not hesitate to call us at : 800-600 - 0343 ext . 2693 to order our email package , simply print out the ez order form below and fax or mail it to our office today . we accept visa , mastercard , amex , checks by fax . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ez order form _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to order millions vol . 1a email addresses for only $ 150 . 00 . * please select one of the following for shipping . . _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package overnight . i ' m including $ 15 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package 2 day delivery . i ' m including $ 10 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ type of credit card : _ _ _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ _ _ mastercard credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amount $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( required ) signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you may fax your order to us at : 1-212 - 504-8192 check by fax services ! if you would like to fax a check , paste your check below and fax it to our office along with all forms to : 1-212 - 504-8192 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 24 hour fax services * * * please paste your check here and fax it to us at 1-212 - 504-8192 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from your original check . all checks will be held for bank clearance . ( 7-10 days ) make payable to : """" gd publishing """"
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 19,""Subject: troubling credit history ? let us help brighten up your future !
  
  have you ever been treated bad or embarrased because your credit report says that you are a bad credit risk ? have you ever been refused a major credit card or loan , and were unable to make a major purchase due to your poor credit history ? let pacific enterprises help guide you to : experience the power of good credit ! get the new car you want ! get the credit cards you deserve ! get the new home of your dreams ! take that special vacation you always dreamed of ! do n't pay a """" credit repair specialist """" $ 300 to $ 2000 for questionable results , because they do n't have all the information . with the proper instruction and a little help from us you can clean your credit yourself . our credit repair guide will teach you the secrets the credit bureaus do n't want you to know ! pacific enterprises repair guide , will include : - the information needed to obtain the 3 major credit agencies reports ! - the legal solution and the laws governing credit agencies ! - sample letters that lawyers charge $ 100 's to do for you ! - information on how to deal with creditors and collectors ! and for limited time , an added bonus of information on : - how to save money for your child 's future ! - a complete detailed budget worksheet , and financial strategies to help you gain better control of your situation ! - how to save money on grocery shopping and many other money saving tips ! we at pacific enterprises have been helping people just like you with credit solutions for years ! pacific enterprises has a proven track record and our representatives have over 5 years of experience in financial consulting . the time for you to gain control of your situation is now ! ! ! to order pacific enterprises repair guide , please send $ 25 . 00 , check or money order to : ( please allow 10 days for checks to clear ) pacific enterprises 475 college blvd ste 6-201 oceanside ca 92057 name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ number of guides requested _ _ _ _ _ _ x 25 = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total if you have any questions after receiving your information , please contact us at pacificenter1 @ juno . com thank you , and we wish you all the best in life ! pacific enterprises % es
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 20,""Subject: get rid of your debt now ! ! ! what if ? ?
  
  there was a way to : pay off a 30 year mortgage in much less time pay off all your credit card debt pay off all your debts without a bankruptcy pay off student loans pay off business loans pay off judgments pay off child support pay off irs liens pay off property tax liens pay rents and leases pay off phone , utility , etc . , bills well , there is ! we ' ll pay your debts for you , up to $ 100 , 000 , and you do n't have to pay us back , ever ! i realize that this may sound unrealistic , or """" too good to be true , """" but its very simple and straightforward , and in the time it takes you to fax some information and have a 10 minute phone conversation , you will discover how we can do this , without ever having to pay us back ! here 's what you need to do : complete the following form , then fax it to ( 425 ) 235-2206 , together with an address verification ( driver 's license , utility bill , deposit slip , etc . ) a debt management specialist will call you after receiving this information and explain this program . please cut at the dotted line and fax the lower portion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - you are invited to join the debt management club by sam t member # 2170 the undersigned hereby agrees not to disclose any information given to him / her regarding the debt management club to anyone , and further agrees not to compete with the dmc in the u . s . a . , or anywhere in the world . name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you are invited to join the debt management club by sam t member # 2170 ( do n't forget to attach a valid form of address verification before you fax this form to 425-235 - 2206 . ) debt management club 5318 laurel canyon blvd . , # 104 valley village , ca 91607 ph : 818-763 - 1000 , ext . 2101 fax : 818-769 - 7358
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 21,""Subject: 
  
  authenticated sender is subject : ( + ( + bull _ s * eye * targeting * software + ) + ) mime - version : 1 . 0 content - type : text / plain ; charset = """" us-ascii """" content - transfer - encoding : 7bit email marketing works ! ! bull 's eye gold is the premier email address collection tool . this program allows you to develop targeted lists of email addresses . doctors , florists , mlm , biz opp , . . . you can collect anything . . . you are only limited by your imagination ! you can even collect email addresses for specific states , cities , and even countries ! all you need is your web browser and this program . our software utilizes the latest in search technology called """" spidering """" . by simply feeding the spider program a starting website it will collect for hours . the spider will go from website to targeted website providing you with thousands upon thousands of fresh targeted email addresses . when you are done collecting , the spider removes duplicates and saves the email list in a ready to send format . no longer is it necessary to send millions of ads to get a handful of responses . . . send less . . . earn more ! ! ! a terrific aspect of the bull 's eye software is that there is no difficult set up involved and no special technical mumbo-jumbo to learn . all you need to know is how to search for your targeted market in one of the many search engines and let the spider do the rest ! not familiar with the search engines ? no problem , we provide you with a list of all the top search engines . just surf to the location of a search engine on your browser then search for the market you wish to reach . . . it 's that easy ! for instance if you were looking for email addresses of doctors in new york all you would do is : 1 ) do a search using your favorite search engine by typing in the words doctor ( s ) and new york 2 ) copy the url ( one or more ) . . . that 's the stuff after the http : / / . . . for instance it might look like http : / / www . yahoo . com / ? doctor ( s ) / ? new + york 3 ) press the start button that 's it ! ! ! the bull 's eye spider will go to all the websites that are linked , automatically extracting the email addresses you want . the spider is passive too ! that means you can let it run all day or all night while you are working on important things or just having fun on your computer . there is no need to keep a constant watch on it , just feed it your target market and give it praise when it delivers thousands of email addresses at the end of the day ! features of the bull 's eye software : * does targeted searches of websites collecting the email addresses you want ! * collects email addresses by city , state , even specific countries * runs automatically . . . simply enter the starting information , press the start button , and it does the rest * filters out duplicates * keeps track of urls already visited * can run 24 hours per day , 7 days per week * fast and easy list management * also has built in filtering options . . . you can put in words that it """" must """" have while searching , . . . you can even put in criteria that it """" must not have """" . . . giving you added flexibility * also imports email addresses from any kind of files ( text files , binary files , database files ) * list editor handles multiple files to work on many lists simultaneously * has a black - book feature . . . avoid sending emails to people who do not want to receive it * built - in mail program . . . send email directly on the internet with just a click of your mouse * personalized emails . . . if the email address has the user 's name when it is collected , . . you can send personalized emails ! ! ! * sort by location , server , user name , contact name * advanced operations : email address lists export in many different formats ( html , comma delimited , text file ) advanced editing . . . transfer , copy , addition , delete , crop , move to top / bottom operations between lists . . . union , subtraction , comparison * program is passive , . . . meaning you can run other programs at the same time call for more information 213-980 - 7850 call for more information 213-980 - 7850 ordering information customer name company name address city state zip phone fax email address _ _ _ _ _ _ bull ' s eye software $ 259 . 00 includes software , instructions , technical support _ _ _ _ _ _ shipping & handling ( 2 - 3 day fedex ) $ 10 . 00 ( fedex overnite ) $ 20 . 00 _ _ _ _ _ _ total ( ca residents add applicable sales tax ) * all orders are for win 95 and win nt * * * * * credit cards accepted * * * * * mastercard visa amex please call 213-980 - 7850 to process your order 9am - 5pm pacific time checks or money orders send to : bull 's eye software inc . 5670 wilshire blvd . suite 2170 los angeles , ca 90036 please note : allow 5 business days for all checks to clear before order is shipped . * if you would like your email address removed , please write us at the above address .
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 22,""Subject: hey
  
  hey , i ' ll just get to the point . i have a web site that has free trials to the 10 best xxx sites on the web . if you want one then . . . click here . if not , than i am sorry for this e-mail . : )
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 23,""Subject: do you like saltwater aquariums ?
  
  horizon publishing would like to invite you to the saltwater aquarium hobbyist 's website , featuring a fish dictionary , nationwide shop listings , manufacturer 's phone numbers and links and product reviews . go to http : / / www . captivesea . com thanks
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 24,""Subject: < f * r * e * e > the b * e * s * t of teen hardcore ! < f * r * e * e >
  
  this is a multi-part message in mime format . - - part0 _ 901078729 _ boundary content - id : content - type : text / plain ; charset = us-ascii - - part0 _ 901078729 _ boundary content - id : content - type : message / rfc822 content - transfer-encoding : 7bit content - disposition : inline from : sdrack81 @ aol . com return - path : to : sdrack81 @ aol . com subject : the b * e * s * t of teen hardcore ! date : tue , 21 jul 1998 23 : 35 : 03 edt mime - version : 1 . 0 content - type : text / plain ; charset = us-ascii content - transfer-encoding : 7bit the best porn site on the net ! serving you over 650 , 000 pics ! 10 , 000 video clips ! and a free 60 min porno ! click any of the topics below to be sent directly to the page ! [ free live strip shows ] - here we will put on the best totally nude strip shows for you completely f * r * e * e of charge ! ! href = """" http : / / www . teenhardcore . com / cgi-win / click - [ amateur ] - some of the best amateurporn around ! href = """" http : / / www . teenhardcore . com / cgi-win / click - [ hardcore ] - if you like rough , you hafta check this out ! href = """" http : / / www . teenhardcore . com / cgi-win / click - [ teen / pre - teen ] - 100 % legit , total exposure ! href = """" http : / / www . teenhardcore . com / cgi-win / click - [ lesbian / gay ] - tons of lesbian and gay porno action ! href = """" http : / / www . teenhardcore . com / cgi-win / click - [ celebs ] - the full stockload of real celebs showin ya what they ' re good at ! ( brad pitt , leanardo dicaprio , brook shields ) plus more more more ! ! ! ! href = """" http : / / www . teenhardcore . com / cgi-win / click - [ toon ] - everyone loves these ! full toon action ! ( roger rabit , bugs and babs bunny , south park , and much more ! ) [ top secret ] - these pics are highly top secret . these pics are illegal and i hold no responsibility to what extent you use these . xxx href = """" http : / / www . teenhardcore . com / cgi-win / click - [ black / asian ] - the best of the black and asian porn ! and tons more ! porn porn porn ! ! ! please read below first , very important ! no information required whatsoever ! no credit cards ! no 900 billing ! no age check ! no catches ! no memberships ! just free xxx with no hastle ! special bonus ! ! ! ! visit each of the links on this site within 48 hours of reading this letter and receive free access forever ! ! you will receive your password via email within days and won't be asked any information whatsoever ! but only for a limited time . . . note : this site is constantly changing , so come back often ! if you receive this email again , or a similiar one , do not ignore it , the site may very well be totally different with completely different links ! this mail was not spammed , it was targeted at people 18-25 . however , errors sometimes occur , so if this does not fit you , please forgive us and do not get angry . thank you . - - part0 _ 901078729 _ boundary - -
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 25,""Subject: see if this doesn ' t interest you . . . .
  
  read the 1st paragraph ! if you are convinced that this is not for you , then delete it . my bet is that you will be intrigued enough to finish reading it before you make your decision . financial success brochure dear fellow advertiser : my name is tim brody and i make a living selling a recipe for potato cheese pierogies . this is all i do , and i earn in excess of $ 100 , 000 each year . incredible you say ? now , i am revealing my secret to you . incredible , you say ? it is completely legal and , you too , can be well on your way to earning $ 100 , 000 per year by selling your product , plans , recipe or information through the mail . before i reveal my plan to you , let me tell you a little about myself . five years ago , i placed a classified ad in a food magazine to earn a little extra money . my response was 11 orders and 43 """" get rich quick """" schemes . now , please don t laugh , over the next three years i tried all of those """" get rich quick """" schemes . some actually met with success while many met with complete failure . with each try , i learned something new about marketing my product . finally , this plan came together and in the first 3 months , i made over $ 25 , 000 . after i tried it again , i earned $ 35 , 000 and it became clear to me that i was on my way to financial freedom . now please , this story is not merely to brag . i want you to realize the hard work , persistence and expense that went in to making this program a success . it is also my way of teaching others the problems of many marketing plans , and , hopefully , they will be able to avoid many of my own mistakes and expenses . this program is not for everyone . if you are planning to make a million dollars or to compete with your fellow participants , then this plan is not for you . however , if earning $ 100 , 000 a year in a stress-free program interests you , please read on , you are among the sincere people needed to make this program a success . maybe you have participated in some of those """" get rich quick """" programs before . you probably were dissatisfied with your response rate from the classifieds or mailings ? were you expecting to receive additional income but didn t even receive enough responses to pay for the ad or the stamps ? if you are like others , the answer is yes ! please do not give up hope just yet . there is a way to make money and have fun , as well as fine tune your culinary taste . join a network of buyers and sellers with similar goals for no additional costs . the process is called multi - level marketing and it is not illegal . ( see section 18 , title 1301 , 1302 & 1342 of the us postal and lottery code . ) it is a modified plan similar to that of companies such as tupperware and mary kay . best of all , it can earn advertisers like ourselves , thousands in a few months . what exactly is multi-level marketing ( mlm ) ? mlm requires that you send letters to fellow advertisers ( we will help you with the addresses ) asking that they buy your product with the understanding that once they do , they will be included as a member of your program . ( just as tupperware or avon requests salespeople to buy their products to """" show """" to their customers . ) the letter you send always has your name on it along with 2 - 8 advertisers . it is based on this premise : ( assuming a 3 member list and a 100 % response ) level # 1 - you send out 20 letters with your name in the # 1 position . 20 people reply . level # 2 - those 20 replies send out letters with your name in the # 2 position . 400 people reply level # 3 - those 400 replies send out letters with your name in the # 3 position . 8000 people reply . you receive a total of 8 , 420 replies and are unable to receive more , because once your name reaches the bottom of any list , it is eliminated and replaced by new members . if you asked for $ 10 for your product , you earn $ 84 , 000 . of course a 100 % response rate is unrealistic , instead expect between $ 35 , 000 and $ 60 , 000 . now , before you decide that this is the dumbest thing you have ever heard of and decide to throw this away , please look at the statistic : 91 % of all classified advertisers join one or more of these programs . why ? because they are sincere in wanting to make money ! otherwise , they would not have advertised in the beginning . knowing this fact , i know that you would like to read on . by now , you have received many letters of this type . this alone should prove that these programs are working . do me a favor , save this and all of the other letters . when you have the time , sit down and compare all the programs . your financial success depends on your making the best choice . if you are like most newcomers , your first instinct is to join the program that offers the most money or offers the cheapest price per product . before you do this , i ask that you think and answer the following questions about each program : 1 . how many participants are on the list ? the more names there are , the more responses you will need . an average 8 person list requires 1 , 500 , 000 responses before obtaining $ 100 , 000 for each participant . a 3 member list needs 3 , 500 responses . 2 . how much do i receive per product ? if you join a $ 2 . 00 plan , know beforehand that you will need 5 times the amount of replies as a $ 10 . 00 program . the $ 2 . 00 plan will also take 6 months longer for you to receive big money , obviously because you need more responses . 3 . do the words cheat-proof and monitored appear on the plan ? if the program is based on honesty and integrity alone , it will fail . face it , when it comes to money , very few people can be honest . cheat - proof means that there is a way to insure that every member gets paid . whereas monitored means that members are watching to make certain that the list never gets altered . this can be done ! also know that you are receiving many $ 2 . 00 plans , not because they are popular , but because the members must keep resending information to meet their goals . . . only 6 % of all advertisers join $ 2 . 00 programs . you probably have received only a few $ 5 and $ 10 programs . these plans work ! there is no need to send hundreds of letters and monitoring is effective . 4 . how much money do i want to earn , and how much is my initial investment ? if you want to earn $ 50 , 000 for example , know that you need 25 , 000 $ 2 . 00 responses . when you figure your investment , make sure it includes printing and stamps . if a plan will not accept checks , it is not legitimate . finally , narrow your choices and choose the best program to suit your needs . hopefully , you will see that , like 76 % of us , this one is the best choice . our program this is a cheat-proof 3 - level plan . we pay $ 10 for the product of each member on the list . you will only be required to send out 20 letters ( how to get names is supplied ) and your total investment is $ 40 ( including postage and printing ) . you only need 4 replies throughout the entire program and you ve lost nothing ! plus , we offer a bonus plan in which you can earn $ 20 , 000 more with no extra effort ! your earnings are based on the 3 - step plan outlined in the prior page . if we receive a 100 % response rate , we can all earn $ 84 , 000 ! of course , a 100 % participation again , is unrealistic . members are reporting $ 35 , 000 - $ 60 , 000 within 2 months ( without the bonus plan ) . how do i join ? on the bottom of this page , write your name , address and product , as you want it to appear on this mailer . please print clearly . make 3 copies of the following information that includes 1 ) other participants , 2 ) your name , address and product and 3 ) the control number . wrap a $ 10 check , money order or cash inside of each copy and send one to each of the following people with a self-addressed , stamped envelope . keep the original for your tax records ; it is a legitimate business expense . do not cheat by sending out only one payment . only 1 of the 3 has the required information you will need to proceed . within days , you will receive your products , instructions and this mailer with your name listed as one of the three participants . you will then send out 20 of these mailers to others . within a week , you will begin to receive your money , and within 4 weeks you will have earned over $ 25 , 000 ! it s that easy ! join today ! 1 . j . dolbow 2089 waterbury se kentwood , mi 49508 ( sweetish no - names ) 2 . l . shock 7438 sawmill rd . # 458 columbus , oh 43235 ( amy s famous chicken ) 3 . s . butler po box 770074 coral springs , fl 33077-0074 ( delicious potato salad ) your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your product _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ control number 187329 * your total cost for this program is $ 40 . 00 ( $ 30 . 00 to members , $ 3 printing , $ 7 stamps ) . there are no other fees . * canadian residents ask that you please remember to use 2 first class stamps when mailing to them . believe me , the extra stamps are worth it . they are some of our best participants ! * if paying by check , please allow 7 additional days to allow the check to clear . important information to ensure that you keep this legal and honest , be sure to file schedule c profit or loss from business with your income tax return . report all income you receive and deduct all business related expenses . these tax deductible business expenses can include vehicle ownership ( in your company s name ) , expenses , travel and entertainment , business equipment , purchases for your business , supplies , telephone , postage , advertising costs , rent , wages ( other than your own ) , legal and professional services , and business taxes . these can be legally deducted if they are related to your business . ( consult your tax professional for details ) . because you are buying and selling products and services , and reporting your income for tax purposes , this type of direct marketing / ordering is not in the chain letter category . if no product or service is sold , then it does become a chain letter and is in violation of the law . note : after joining , if you would like a new laser camera ready copy of these pages , with your name , address and control number in the proper place , send a copy of this brochure and $ 5 . 00 towards our costs of doing this to : d r enterprises , 2089 waterbury se , kentwood , mi 49508 . we will send them to you flat , not folded .
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 26,""Subject: 30 , 000 , 000 email addresses . . .
  
  just released . . . 30 , 000 , 000 email addresses ! plus 12 bonuses . . . including free stealth 3 . 0 bulk email software ( $ 399 . 00 value ) these addresses are less than 21 days old . earn insane profits with the right formula if you have a product , service , or message that you would like to get out to thousands , hundreds of thousands , or even millions of people , you have several options . traditional methods include print advertising , direct mail , radio , and television advertising . they are all effective , but they all have two catches : they ' re expensive and time consuming . not only that , you only get one shot at making your message heard , by the right people . the internet , the """" global communications frontier """" has changed this dramatically , including making countless individuals wealthy . """" electronic marketing , """" as it 's commonly referred to , has effectively leveled the playing fields of all types businesses . internet marketing group has been in the online marketing business for over 5 years . we can help make your goals come true . we have helped many individuals succeed in marketing their product effectively . it 's very simple to do . in fact soon you will have the problem of what to do with all the cash you will make from sending out bulk email . here is just one of many true success stories we have seen . . . we did a mailing of 1 1 / 2 million emails for one of our customers . he was selling a home workers manual for $ 29 . 95 . his results are very typical and scary . he took in over 700 orders ! 700 x $ 29 . 95 = $ 20 , 000 . this gentleman was so amazed , that after being skeptical , it had really happened to him , he made it , he found a niche . that niche was email ! he went on to buy our full list and will be set for life in less than six months time . all this from selling a simple manual via e . mail . that was just one of the many success stories we hear everyday . it may all sound to good to be true . well , we can tell you this . it really does work . why else are so many individuals doing it ? they are not just wasting their time . they are all making mega bucks . do n't even hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most effective way to market anywhere . . period ! here ' s the bottom line and what we can do for you here is what you get when you order today ! > > 30 million email addresses . . . 1 per line in simple text format on a cd . multiple files of 250 , 000 or greater ( no codes needed to open files ) . you will receive email addresses of the following domains . . . aol , prodigy , compuserve , delphi , genie , juno , pipeline , interamp , msn , mci , and 5 million other mixed email addresses ( . com , . net ) . all names listed above are seperated in files by domain name for your convenience . plus these bonus specials . . . > > 2 free bulk email programs . . . pegasus and eudora . you will be able to load our names into these 2 distribution list software 's ( which will create distribution lists saving you hours of work ) for immediate , around the clock launching ! you can whip out as many distribution lists as you like , and depending on the speed of your modem and the length of your message , you will be able to send out around 10 , 000 to 30 , 000 messages per hour for free . > > """" stealth mass mailer """" bulk email . this is the most popular bulk emailer in the world . this is the full working verion of the program . this product sends over 250 , 000 per hour . ( value $ 399 . 00 ) > > setup instructions and tips for stealth mass mailer . > > free check by fax software ! ( $ 299 . 00 value ) > > where to get a free web page . > > super note pad . . . this software will help manage your large text files for you . > > winzip self extractor . . . this program will be needed when de-compressing a compressed file . it will come in handy when dealing with files of zip format . > > over 5 , 000 places to advertise for free ! > > """" profits 2500 series """" . . . 7 manuals that will teach you how to market on the internet and what offers work and which ones to stay clear of . also we will show you where to find web designers for free and much , much more . you get everything for only $ 199 . 00 > > > special bonus . . . if you order within 24 hours you can deduct $ 50 . 00 from the listed price . limited time only ! we have previously sold the seven manuals alone for over $ 400 . now you can have the complete package for the low price of only $ 149 . 00 do n't even hesitate on this one . . reserve yours today ! all lists are completely free of any duplicates . we also on a continual basis , add new names and remove undeliverables and remove requests . the result is the cleanest email addresses available anywhere to use over and over again , for a fraction of the cost that other companies charge . typical rates for acquiring email lists are from 1 cent to as high as 3 cents per email address - that 's """" information highway """" robbery ! . how do i protect my e . mail address ? 1st of all , send your e . mail with the stealth mass mailer . this program will protect your email address while sending your e . mail at speeds of up to 250 , 000 messages per hour ( 28 . 8 connection ) . 2nd , collect your inquiries and remove requests via autoresponders . using autoresponders , you do n't even have to read the flames . just move them to your remove list and forget about them ! start earning mega money and get started now ! to order our email package , simply print out the ez order form below and call us anytime . we accept visa , mastercard , american express , personal check or money order . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ez order form call our 24 hour order line at : 1-561 - 697-0657 ( orders only ) we will deduct an additional $ 5 . 00 for all phone orders . _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to order your 30 , 000 , 000 email addresses plus all the bonuses for only $ 199 . 00 _ _ _ _ _ i am ordering within 24 hours ! please deduct $ 50 . 00 from the price making the total only $ 149 . 00 * please select one of the following for shipping . _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package overnight . i ' m including $ 12 for shipping . _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package proirity delivery . i ' m including $ 4 for shipping . _ _ _ _ please add $ 10 . 00 for all orders from outside the u . s . date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ type of credit card : _ _ _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ _ _ mastercard _ _ _ _ american express credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amount $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - best of luck ! ! we apologize if this e . mail was sent to you in error . to be permanently removed from all mailing lists simply go to http : / / www . remove-list . com thank you ! thank you ! m
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 27,""Subject: really cool but very hot videos !
  
  attention ! warning ! adults only ! warning ! adults only ! if you are under 21 years of age , or not interested in sexually explicit material . . . please hit your keyboard delete button now and please excuse the intrusion . to remove your name from our mailing list , send us email with remove in the subject line . you need not read any further ! available now for only $ 9 . 95 ! next 10 days only ! world record sex ! be there ! see it now on video ! unbelievable . . . but true ! you won't believe your eyes ! ! ! [ as seen on the howard stern show ] """" the world 's biggest gang bang """" see sexy annabel chong as she sets the world gang bang record in this fantastic video documentary that chronicles her 24 hour sexathon with 251 men engaging in sexual intercourse and oral sex with her ! do n't worry , you won't have to stay up 24 hours to watch it all . we ' ve selected only the most exciting and red hot scenes for you . . . all in breathtaking living color with plenty of extreme close-ups ! this video is guaranteed to knock your socks off and leave you breathless ! you ' ve never seen anything like it ! annabel takes on five men at a time ! 90 minutes ! order today ! only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] . """" gang bang ii """" the record breaker ! ! ! starring jasmin st . claire ! see beautiful and voluptious jasmin st . claire shatter annabel 's gang bang record by taking on 300 men in one 24 hour sex session ! you won't believe your eyes at all the hot firey action that you will see as the new world record is established before your eyes as jasmin takes on five men at a time for sexual intercourse and oral sex ! your friends will break down your door to see this video ! you ' ll be the most popular guy in town ! the action is truly unreal and you will see the best of it in living life-like color ! order today and see jasmin break the record ! 90 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] . also available . . . the uncensored authentic underground . . . pamela anderson lee & tommy lee sex video tape ! everyone is talking about this exciting video ! see pam and tommy engaging in sexual intercourse and oral sex in the car , on the boat and much , much more ! a real collectors video ! 30 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] """" tonya harding wedding night sex video """" now see the beautiful ice skating shame of the olympics tonya harding engaging in sexual intercourse and oral sex on her wedding night with husband jeff gillooly ! this """" bad girl """" is hot ! do n't miss this video ! 30 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] """" traci . . . i love you """" starring traci lords now see the most beautiful and popular porn star in her last adult video before she hit the big time ! it 's the blockbuster of the year . . . sensual . . . fiery and exposive ! traci lords in her most erotic and controversial film ever ! do n't miss it ! 90 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] email special ! order any four videos and get the fifth one free ! ! ! your order will be shipped via first class mail . all shipments in plain unmarked wrapper . for priority mail - add $ 5 for overnight express - add $ 15 you can order by phone , fax , mail or email . we accept all major credit cards and checks by phone or fax . visa - mastercard - american express - discover 10 day money back guarantee ! we know that you will be pleased with these videos ! to email your order - do not hit reply on your keyboard send email to our special email address below : fastfacts2 @ juno . com [ note : if you order by email and do not receive an email acknowledgement within 24 hours , please phone our office at 718-287 - 3800 ] phone our office 9am to 10 pm [ eastern time ] [ 718 ] 287-3800 to order by phone for fastest service ! we can accept your credit card or check by phone fax your order 24 hours per day to [ 718 ] 462-5920 you can fax your credit card information or your check order by mail by sending $ 12 . 95 per video , cash , check , money order or major credit card [ visa , mastercard , american express or discover ] to tcps , inc . 4718 18th ave . suite 135 brooklyn , ny 11204 make checks & money orders payable to tcps , inc . new york state residents please add 85 cents for sales tax per video ! you must be over 21 years of age to order and give us your date of birth with your order ! the following order form is for your convenience ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please ship me the following video tape [ s ] ! qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ annabel chong """" world 's biggest gang bang """" qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """" gang bang ii """" jasmin st . claire qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """" pamela & tommy lee sex video tape """" qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """" tonya harding wedding night sex video tape """" qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """" traci i love you """" traci lords at $ 9 . 95 each plus $ 3 . 00 for shipping and handling per tape [ $ 12 . 95 per video or """" special $ 51 . 80 for all five """" ! credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp date _ _ _ i hereby represent that i am over 21 years of age . my date of birth is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ship to : name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ area code and home phone [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax # [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to remove your name from our mailing list , send us an email with remove in the subject line . this is a one time offer and you should not hear from us again ! foreign orders - add $ 15us if you desire air parcel post shipment . we ship all over the world . by deleting your unwanted e - mail you waste one keystroke , yet by throwing away paper mail you waste our planet ! save the trees and support internet e - mail instead of paper mail ! [ c ] copyright tcps 1998
 "",1
 28,""Subject: improvements in wound care !
  
  hello , my name is kevin elphick and i am the managing director of nursing innovations which have been manufacturing and supplying a range of innovative wound dressing protectors named ' keep - dri dressings ' to australian hospitals for a period in excess of 8 years . these internationally award winning products are now extensively used in over 70 % of western australian hospitals ( references available upon request ) and we are now looking at supplying to hospitals internationally . however , we have found from experience it is difficult to initially introduce the product to hospitals . once a hospital starts using keep - dri dressings they have always continued to use them . our success is related to the fact that they are quick and easy to apply ( saving staff time ) and they really work . the result is lower infection risk , reduced patient trauma and lower cost for the hospital . for your free sample contact me at my web site http : / / www . angelfire . com / ca2 / nursingone here you will find a full product description , uses and advantages and a link to my email address . i would appreciate any suggestions you might have to help introduce this excellent product into hospitals in your area or comments you have on our product . many thanks in advance . kevin elphick nursing innovations 23 yulema street mullaloo , perth , western australia 6027 618-9487 - 1807 http : / / www . angelfire . com / ca2 / nursingone * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * k
 "",1
 29,""Subject: 
  
  b a r g a i n a i r f a r e s your 1 - stop travel supplier air , hotels , cars , trains , tours , packages * * * call 1-888 - 5-bargain or 202-898 - 7887 for reservations * * * * * * receive a $ 10 discount by referrering to this email * * * roundtrip international airfares : athens frnkfrt london madrid milan munich nice paris rome vienna atlanta $ 819 $ 750 $ 410 $ 745 $ 778 $ 700 $ 730 $ 699 $ 820 $ 845 boston $ 840 $ 760 $ 410 $ 770 $ 749 $ 675 $ 705 $ 620 $ 799 $ 799 chicago $ 935 $ 808 $ 520 $ 720 $ 829 $ 735 $ 766 $ 720 $ 850 $ 820 cincinati $ 999 $ 799 $ 510 $ 745 $ 850 $ 725 $ 765 $ 700 $ 820 $ 810 new york $ 820 $ 760 $ 360 $ 710 $ 799 $ 675 $ 715 $ 385 $ 730 $ 799 philadelphia $ 800 $ 730 $ 410 $ 670 $ 799 $ 658 $ 711 $ 600 $ 789 $ 699 washington $ 800 $ 750 $ 410 $ 695 $ 788 $ 640 $ 699 $ 620 $ 799 $ 740 discounted fares available from every us city to every city world wide ! ! exclusive domestic fares : washington to losangeles . . . . . $ 289 r / t atlanta to seattle . . . . . . . . . $ 299 r / t newyork to losangeles . . . . . . . . $ 269 r / t philadelphia to denver . . . . . $ 289 r / t hotel exclusives - daily breakfast and taxes all included : vienna $ 59 frankfurt $ 75 london $ 85 prague $ 75 munich $ 79 manchester $ 95 nice $ 75 athens $ 65 budapest $ 69 naples $ 75 amsterdam $ 79 warsaw $ 89 geneva $ 79 paris $ 75 dublin $ 99 brussels $ 79 berlin $ 79 florence $ 79 venice $ 85 zurich $ 85 milan $ 79 lisbon $ 69 barcelona $ 75 madrid $ 75 over 8 , 000 hotels available from economy to 5 star deluxe at tremendous savings * * * call 1-888 - 5-bargain or 202-898 - 7887 for reservations * * * * * * receive a $ 10 discount by referrering to this email * * *
 "",1
 30,""Subject: advertsing ? its legal ! ! we offer smtp ! ! ! !
  
  great news for advertisers and bulkers ! ! ! ! use our server to send your own mail ! ! ! ! ! never loose your dial up again ! ! ! never relay or steal services again ! ! ! do between 100k to 200k an hour ! ! our bandwidth ! ! $ 250 . 00 month and $ 250 . 00 setup * * we are the only company offering this service today , and we will be here for years to come . just ask our customers ! ! * * only 9 more spots open ! ! ! ! * * express mail server * * special * * only $ 150 . 00 * * call 1-800 - 298-7863 to order your demo today ! ! other mail programs fresh 20 million + email addresses on cd for only $ 90 . 00 get 3 stealth mass mailers with unlock codes for only $ 250 . 00 we also have gold rush for only $ 300 . 00 email adressee extractor for $ 100 . 00 caller id for $ 100 . 00 bulk mate list manager for $ 129 . 00 desk top server 98 for $ 300 . 00 mx lookup for $ 185 . 00 much more bulk friendly web hosting on foreign backbone only $ 150 . 00 a month , 2 page bulk friendly web hosting only $ 100 . 00 month also , call about a great rate of 8 . 9 cents long distance , even with 800 / 888 numbers ! ! 14 . 9 cents a minute calling cards ( not prepaid ) earn money too ! ! ! 800 voice mail with unlimited calls , only $ 60 . 00 a month ! ! ! ! ! please leave information on the item that you are calling about . thank you . need to advertise a product or service ? we can do it for you ! ! if you are already paying someone to do it , then call us and i bet we can beat them . our fees usually start at $ 395 . 00 for 1 . 2 million , we even have lower rates . we can also advertise your products or services ! ! ! ! please call us for rates on this ! ! ! ! ! excellant rates ! ! ! ! worldwide marketing inc , 3807 n oak dr tampa , fl 33611 1-888 - 398-9866 please leave message ! ! ! 7 om
 "",1
 31,""Subject: free trial membership
  
  the latest in adult technology ! ! ! brand new xxx adult site free trial membership please visit the latest in live video conferencing . 1000 channels of hardcore ! ! live rooms ! ! ! young dancers ! ! ! large picture gallery ! thousands of pictures ! ! come and visit our site for a great experience . http : / / www . sexxxybodies . com # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # this message is sent in compliance of the new e-mail bill : section 301 * # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # * """" per section 301 , paragraph ( a ) ( 2 ) ( c ) of s . 1618 , further transmissions to you by the sender of this email may be stopped at no cost to you by sending a reply to this email address with the word """" remove """" in the subject line . """" # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * oa nuko64 @ msn . com
 "",1
 32,""Subject: market to millions , try for free
  
  this message complies with the proposed united states federal requirements for commercial email bill , s . 1618 section 301 . for additional info see : http : / / thomas . loc . gov / , then search """" s . 1618 . es """" and go to section 301 . required sender information : networks internet tools , waterford , wi , 534-7409 per section 301 , paragraph ( a ) ( 2 ) ( c ) of s . 1618 , further transmissions to you by the sender of this email may be stopped at no cost to you by replying to this message with the subject """" remove """" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dear fellow entrepreneur , your recent posting or your presence in certain areas of the web lead me to believe you would be very interested in promoting a product or service on the internet . you will have the need for the proper tools by which to do this . you have at your fingertips the power to reach tens of millions of people . to not take advantage of this would be unwise . the proper software will assist you in taking your online business venture to an unbelievable level of success by targeting and reaching this vast audience . it does not take much to set up your storefront on the internet and you can find a selection of items to help do this at : http : / / net-tools . net you can try out all of the software on an evaluation basis . thank you and good luck with your venture . best regards , sales @ net-tools . net http : / / net-tools . net * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * remove requests * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ` \ | | | / wishing you the best ! ( @ @ ) ooo _ ( _ ) _ ooo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ please pardon the intrusion _ | _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ to be removed just reply with the subject : """" remove """" and you will be permanently removed from any future mailings .
 "",1
 33,""Subject: lists and software worldwide
  
  order form : all addresses are fresh and cleaned against international remove lists for the best results with the minimum irritation to those who do not wish to recieve unsolicited mail . all discs come with details of web sites for usefull mailing programs and other related products available on the net . many new mailer programs bypass your isp and send mail direct to the recipient so you dont need an expensive """" bulk-friendly """" isp . disc supplied come with a free mailing program , its not the best but will get you started if you dont have one . prices are quoted in uk pound sterling / us dollars and are fully inclusive of postage and packing 1 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 15 / $ 35 [ ] 2 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 29 / $ 59 [ ] 3 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 42 / $ 80 [ ] 4 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 54 / $ 102 [ ] 5 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 65 / $ 120 [ ] 6 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 75 / $ 137 [ ] 7 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 84 / $ 152 [ ] 8 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 92 / $ 163 [ ] 9 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 99 / $ 178 [ ] cd [ ] . zip files by email [ ] email address lists are sent as text documents on cd or by email as . zip files they can be opened with most word processing packages and imported into most data bases and bulk email software . to order from outside the uk send either cheques in your own currency ( the amount should be calcuated from the prices in us dollars not pound sterling , if you are unsure about how to work out the exchange rates a bank will work it out for you if you ask . you just need to ask them what $ xx dollars is in your currency and send that much ) to order tick the number of addresses you wish to purchase and tick the disc type you wish to receive . then fill out the details below and post your order together with payment ( cheques in your own currency or us dollar travellers cheques only please ) made payable to prophoto to : prophoto mail , po box 447 , doman road , camberley , surrey , england gu15 3xd . your email addresses will be dispatched as soon as your payment has cleared ( normally 5 days ) . name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ post / zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i enclose a cheque to the value of ( enter amount ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ what currency is your payment in ? ( country / currency ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ puchased to date : 1xt
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 34,""Subject: credit program """" guaranteed credit """"
  
  bad credit ? no credit ? bankruptcy ? divorce ? judgements ? student ? no problem sick of credit rejections ? we can help ! ! you can qualify for unsecured major credit cards regardless of you past credit history ! that 's right . . . no security deposit or savings account is required whatsoever ! if you are sick of being denied credit time and time again , let us help ! ! you will obtain the credit you are seeking with our program ! ! get the credit you deserve . . . dont delay fill out a service request form today results in 7-10 days express service is availible for an additional $ 5 . 00 with express service results will be released in 2 - 3 days guaranteed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . creditmatch service request form complete and return this form to : national resource center 291 ridge road suite 78 north arlington , nj 07031 make all checks & money orders payable to : national resource center in the amount of $ 29 . 00 first name : last name : street address : city : state : zip code : telephone number : date of birth how long at this address : are you a u . s . citizen : employer name : annual income : employer phone number : how long at this job : do you have a checking account : savings account : do you have an unsecured credit card now : if yes which bank : have you been denied credit in the last 60 days : have you had any judgements entered against you in the last 6 months : have you ever filed for bankruptcy : if yes date of discharge : how would you rate your credit on a scale of 1-10 10 being excellent : have you ever been convicted of credit fraud : how did you hear of our service national resource center is not responsible for denial of credit due to falsification or innaccuracy of the information provided above . all information will be used to perform the credit match service . the information provided by you will not be used to conduct a credit check . final credit verification and approval will be conducted and given by the banks you are matched with and apply at . you must enclose $ 29 . 00 made payable to national resource center . a $ 25 . 00 charge will be added to your account for all returned checks . if none of the banks we match you with will give you final approval for an unsecured credit card , a full and prompt refund plus 10 % will be refunded . ( provided payment has been made and you ` ve applied to each bank within 30 days of receiving your final results . ) to be eligible for a refund , the information provided above must match the information contained on your credit report and the creditor application ( s ) note : this service is availible to us citizens only . void were prohibited by law signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _
 "",1
 35,""Subject: zero down internet opportunity !
  
  $ 0 down internet opportunity * complete computer system * e - com web site package * tutorials - we ' ll teach you * earn big while you learn for more info : 520-615 - 3253
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 36,""Subject: re : free !
  
  hello , we are offering a fantastic 100 % free access to the most famous adult site in the world . just visit the url to get your free access . no bullshit . you get what you see ! ! ! http : / / www . sexplosion . com / a / thepussy / if you are not able to access , try our mirror site at : http : / / www . geocities . com / southbeach / island / 2325 / have fun . pussyman .
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 37,""Subject: 
  
  when it comes to porn , this site does n't mess around . they dish out more than a mouthful , quick and easy . dive into more than 700 + xxx - rated strip shows and video feeds plus thousands of pics including teens , orgies , asians , amateurs , exclusive photo shoots , and more . try our ' cyberfolds ' section where you can massage the girl live on screen or watch a hidden peep cam ! if you want to just try it out , to see if it 's worth it , you can signup for an entire week for just $ 3 . 95 . use the link below http : / / 209 . 125 . 202 . 39 / a001 / index . html over 18 ' s only may access this site
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 38,""Subject: they can even steal your identity !
  
  are you being investigated ? has your personal and credit information been stolen ? has someone assumed your identity ? would you like to locate an old friend , relative , military buddy or sweetheart ? do you want to find a person 's assets to collect a debt or judgement ? would you like to check a person 's criminal record before renting them space or giving them employment ? would you like to fix up your credit bureau report , create a new identity or even disappear ? are you going to have surgery ? would you like to know how many malpractice suits have been filed against your doctor ? now you can learn all this plus much , much more with our brand new 45 page report """" internet sleuth """" ! learn the internet tools and resources that are used to investigate you , your relatives , friends , neighbors , enemies , employees or anyone else ! we will give you thousands of internet locations to look up people , credit , social security , current or past employment , driving records , criminal records , medical information , military records , addresses , phone numbers , immigration , divorce , labor and criminal laws ! we will also give you sources to find missing children and parents , hazardous waste sites , how to do freedom of information act information searches , how to do skip tracing and backround checks on prospective dates , brides or grooms , employees , renters , vendors , new clients and competitors ! you will also learn about and where to get surveillance and spy devices , private mail forwarding and annonymous email forwarding sites , search for copyrights , patents and court cases and how to make your assets untraceable ! we will show you how to get copies of credit reports , adoption databases , information on drugs , poisons and how to get your share of government programs and benefits ! can you find this information by using the internet search engines ? the answer is maybe if you get lucky and if you want to spend many hours going through 25 , 000 plus hits per subject ! we and our staff have spent hundreds of hours and many thousands of dollars compiling this information for you ! now you can have it on a silver platter for less than twenty bucks during this special email promotion ! you frequently hear over the media , television , radio , the newspapers , how personal information is being used , traded and sold over the internet . . . usually without your permission or knowledge . our report will show you how it is done ! ! ! would you like to find that old romantic flame . . . find telephone , address or email information on almost anyone . . . even unlisted phone numbers ? how about your family """" tree """" ? we will teach you how to turn years of work into hours of fun ! military ? check army , navy , air force and marine records . extensive vietnamese war records , mia info , much more ! looking for a job ? find the job you are seeking . . . even in another state or another country ! we will teach you how ! looking for a new love interest or spouse or even sex partner ? we will show you where to look for fast results ! want up-to - the-minute health and medical information ? learn how to cure fears and phoebias , the latest drugs and treatments for almost any ailment or desease from the drug companies themselves as well as from universities and the center for desease control . want to learn the most effective way to loose weight ? it 's all here in our report ! if you believe that the information compiled about you should be as available to you as to the people that compile it about you without your knowledge or permission than you must order """" the internet sleuth report """" immediately ! our """" internet sleuth report """" is normally sold by direct mail for $ 39 . 95 and will soon be in book stores for $ 29 . 95 . however , to generate publicity and """" get the word out """" we are making this 10 day email special offer of our complete 45 page report for only $ 19 . 95 plus $ 3 for shipping and handling [ total $ 22 . 95 ] . sold with our 10 day money back guarantee ! this is the biggest bargain on the internet and the information it will give to you will give you great power ! it can really change your life in a positive way . order now ! the complete 45 page """" internet sleuth report """" only $ 19 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling - total $ 22 . 95 . shipped in plain wrapper by first class mail . add $ 5 for priority mail delivery . add $ 20 for overnight express ! we accept visa , mastercard , american express or discover . we can also accept your check by phone or fax . you may order by phone 9 am to 10 pm [ ny time ] by phoning [ 718 ] 287-3800 you may order by fax 24 hours per day by phoning our fax line at [ 718 ] 462-5920 . you can fax your credit card information or your check to email your order - do not hit reply on your keyboard send email to our special email address below : bernadette38 @ juno . com [ note : if you order by email and do not receive an email confirmation within 24 hours , please phone our office at 718-287 - 3800 ] you can also order by mail by sending $ 22 . 95 cash , check , money order or major credit card [ visa , mastercard , american express or discover ] to tcps , inc . 4718 18th ave . suite 135 brooklyn , ny 11204 make checks & money orders payable to tcps , inc . new york state residents please add $ 1 . 70 for sales tax the following order form is for your convenience ! use it by mail , fax or email ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please ship me _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ copies of the internet sleuth report at $ 19 . 95 each plus $ 3 . 00 for shipping and handling [ $ 22 . 95 ] signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp date _ _ _ _ _ _ ship to : name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ area code and home phone [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax # [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to remove your name from our mailing list , send us an email with remove in the subject line . this is a one time offer and you should not hear from us again ! tcps , inc . , 4718 18th ave . , suite 135 , brooklyn , ny 11204 office [ 718 ] 287-3800 fax [ 718 ] 462-5920 24 hours [ 9am to 10pm ny time ] [ c ] copyright 1998 tcps , inc . all rights reserved .
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 39,""Subject: wanted ! home product assemblers !
  
  looking for home product assemblers ! ! how would you like to assemble products at home & get paid ! choose your own hours ! be your own boss ! easy work ! excellent pay ! earn hundreds of dollars weekly ! here are just a few examples of the work you will have to choose from : wooden products - up to $ 220 . 00 weekly ! hair accessories - up to $ 320 . 00 weekly ! holiday crafts - up to $ 270 . 00 weekly ! beaded accessories - up to $ 350 . 00 weekly ! . . . . . . . plus many others . there are over 75 companies to choose from ! why not enjoy the benefits and freedom of home assembly work ! to find out more call . . . . . toll free ( 24 hour recording ) 1-800 - 600-0343 office extension # 2425 . usa publishing co . p . o . box 8950 rocky mount nc 27804 name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city & state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ q 04627caa
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 40,""Subject: secrets of the noveau rich
  
  you have just stumbled upon something very real and life changing ! work full or part time at your pace - - at home or office . not mlm or a ' scam ' . your job will be to tour your prospects through the turnkey system utilizing strong support teams and allow them to access and understand the powerful opportunities available through this association . no personal selling ! ! complete training and team support is at your fingertips - - immediately ! $ 1 , 000 . 00 to $ 5 , 000 . 00 per week is typical for most associates within thirty days ! turnkey leads are available ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * if you have been looking for a home-based business opportunity , this could be your lucky day ! over twenty thousands individuals , like-minded entrepreneurs , intent upon making profits , have within the last four years , turned a one-time investment into a powerful money making operation ! many are making in excess of $ 50 , 000 . 00 per month . ask to speak to some of them and hear their story ! your growth and progression within the association will allow travel to exotic places , learn the secrets of the very wealthy - - how to make money and keep it , and a hands-on education in many other wealth building opportunities . is this the right time for you ? are you ready to ' roll up your sleeves and get to work ? ' if you are click link below to make contact = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = click here = = = = = = > > > click here put the word """" succeed """" in the subject field plus the information below and click send . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - please include the following : without this information you will not be contacted - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - name home or work phone number the best time to contact you = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = to remove from mailing list click link below : click here put the words """" remove now """" in the subject field and click send .
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 41,""Subject: how does debt-free sound ?
  
  if it sounds good , then we can help you attain that goal . qualifying to being debt-free is now at your fingertips and there are no long distance calls to make or travel plans to arrange . american capital can save you a huge amount of money on monthly payments as well as in taxes , at no cost to you . free loan evaluation : http : / / 208 . 26 . 207 . 79 / moneyhelp / 175 . html we are american capital mortgage services , we specialize in helping homeowners establish one easy low monthly payment with the added benefit of not needing any equity in your home . american capital is constantly working with other lenders throughout the u . s . to provide you with the best interest rate possible . we have a number of different companies that we work with and this is at no cost to you ever . we are simply a referral agency . what do you have to lose , why not give it a shot and see if you can better your situation and save yourself hundreds per month . you can have the cash in your pocket usually within 7-14 days . did you know that your loan is tax deductible ? all we ask for is your name , address , phone number and e-mail address . the rest is optional . this way a representative can personally call you so he or she can answer all your detailed questions . for a free loan evaluation please , visit our website by clicking here : http : / / 208 . 26 . 207 . 79 / moneyhelp / 175 . html or type : http : / / 208 . 26 . 207 . 79 / moneyhelp / 175 . html in your browser . put us to the test . i know we can help you . kindest regards * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this message complies with the proposed united states federal requirements for commercial email as well as the washington state commercial email bill . for additional information see : http : / / www . senate . gov / ~ murkowski / commercialemail / emailamendtext . html washington state commercial email bill : http : / / ww . wa . gov / wwweb / ago / junkemail / required sender information : american capital ft . thomas , ky 41075 thall14 @ sprynet . com 1-212 - 796-6549 if you wish to be removed from this mailing list , go to : http : / / www . remove-list . com
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 42,""Subject: `
  
  hello ! come see our naughty little city made especially for adults http : / / 208 . 26 . 207 . 98 / freeweek / enter . html once you get here , you won't want to leave !
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 43,""Subject: attract women now ! ! ( 30740 )
  
  attract women now ! ! ! with nature 's secret weapon . . . . pheromones invisible , odorless , and undetectable , when unknowingly inhaled by any adult woman , androstenone pheromone concentrate unblocks all restraints and unleashes her raw animal sex drive ! scientists have isolated the natural human male pheromone attractants and they are now available to you , legally , in the u . s . ! the power of androstenone has been featured on hardcopy , 20 / 20 , dateline , and in articles in penthouse , playboy , chic , swank , vogue , omni , discovery and numerous medical journals , television shows and newspapers from the n . y . times to the l . a . times . for the last five years , we have been researching and marketing pheromone products . we have sold thousands of bottles . we receive letters of praise daily , from men across the country ! every time you wear androstenone pheromone concentrate , it will send out a natural chemical signal of sex appeal to women that will compel them towards you , make you irresistible to them and they will not know why . attract women : pheromones will miraculously increase your sexual attractiveness with women . this will allow you to meet more women then you ever imagined ! even after a small application of androstenone pheromone concentrate , you will notice women suddenly making eye contact , flirting , and even walking up to you and introducing themselves ! arrouse your spouse or existing sexual partner : start a new passion between you and your mate and re-energize your existing relationship ! androstenone will rejuvenate her passion for you ! pheromone stimulation restores the attraction she felt when you first met ! androstenone is the only known true male human pheromone tested showing positive vno response in women , and proven time and time again to attract women . for a limited time , we are offering one bottle of androstenone pheromone concentrate for only $ 19 . 95 ! . . . thats right , only $ 19 . 95 ! money back guarantee : if you do n't immediately notice a drastic increase in the amount of women approaching you , send the remainder of your androstenone pheromone concentrate back for a full refund ! 1 bottle of impulse . . . $ 19 . 95 or buy 2 bottles and receive a 3rd bottle free ! orders shipped the day they are received . all items are shipped in discreet unmarked packaging . order by check or credit card ( your credit card will be discreetly billed . ) to find out more , visit our website : http : / / 208 . 166 . 10 . 7 / thera / index . htm if you do not have web access , you can place an order by sending check or money order ( total amount + $ 4 . 95 s + h ) to : amazing products , inc . 1334 e . chandler bl . # 5-a11 phoenix , az 85048 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 84822
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 44,""Subject: only if you are serious . . . will i help you retire in 2 to 3 years !
  
  time is money so why waste my time or yours . . . . . . you have to be serious about retiring in 2 to 3 years with the money u need to live the life u always wanted yes , you have to work hard but we can help you regardless of you ' re current age or financial situation please only if you are serious ( not curious ) call the number today for a 24 hour recorded message 1-800 - 995-0796 ext . 8511 c # ed
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 45,""Subject: free promotional offer
  
  for ' your ' very own 100 % free web site go to this site : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / freewebsites / * * * no charge * * * * * * no commitment * * * * * * no problem * * * opportunity seekers and internet marketers small or large this site is also for you . earn a prosperous income giving away free web sites . . . already have a web site ? how would you like your site linked to thousands of other web sites ? go to this amazing site and find out how . . . http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / freewebsites / * * * no charge * * * * * * no commitment * * * * * * no problem * * * this is truly going to be the site of the century ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * please excuse the intrusion . this will be a one time free offer mailing only * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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 46,""Subject: """" complete home business kit ! ! """"
  
  earn over $ 70 , 000 a month in your own home based business and legally pay very little taxes ! ! this is not , i repeat , this is not mlm or chainletter junk ! ! ! friend ; those are strong words , i know . but if you ' re not making at least a tenth of this every month you need to pay attention because i have an important message on how you can make what i ' m earning and do it within the next 90 days ! ! for years i have spun my wheels in various home based business opportunities with little success . a few months ago i finally found the key to making bundles of money , right from my home , selling a product everyone in the world needs and wants . . . information ! i ' m going to help you do the same if you just listen to learn how to make over $ 70 , 000 a month with one of hottest selling reports in the world today ! 1 ) i will set you up in your own home based business for only $ 50 . 00 ! 2 ) i will give you one of the fastest selling products in the world you can reproduce yourself for pennies ! 3 ) i will show you how you can become a self publisher & sell one of the most powerful & provocative reports ever written - right from your own home ! 4 ) i will let you keep all the money you make selling this product ! you do n't need to spend thousands of dollars , bear enormous risk and work hundreds of hours a week to start this legitimate business from your home . in a matter of hours you can start working at home , from your kitchen table , making from $ 50 to $ 1 , 000 a day ! ! here is all you will need . . . # 1 . the hottest selling publication in the world today called offshore special report number 5599 . # 2 . a copy machine or a quick copy service that can duplicate ofs 's offshore special report . # 3 . a quality mailing list or a local or national publication to run a simple four line classified ad ! # 4 . a mail box to collect the hundreds of orders you will be receiving everyday - six days a week ! # 5 this letter , which you obviously already have , just save it . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the key to any business success is to have a product or service everyone in the world needs and wants . that product should be inexpensive to produce & easy to ship . you will have that product with ofs 's offshore special report number 5599 ! ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ofs 's offshore special report number 5599 will change peoples lives throughout the world by showing them how they can make and save money by removing themselves from the strict rules , regulations and tax burdens their government has imposed on them in the last few years . brace yourself - most people are taken aback by what i am about to tell you regarding ofs 's offshore special report number 5599 . in ofs 's offshore special report number 5599 you will find out that . . . unfair & discriminatory divorce settlements are made obsolete in this report ! ruthless creditors will cringe if they know you have read this report ! blood sucking lawyers may go broke by you reading this report ! heartless tax agencies see red when they read this report ! sneaky politicians use the information in this report everyday ! your greedy banker does not want you to read this report ! this report is blackballed by most government agencies ! back stabbing relatives hate this report ! you will also learn & or have access to . . . ways politicians & the rich get even richer using trusts and how you can do the same ! incorporate offshore - completely private and away from your government 's regulations ! your own secret offshore mailing address - no one will know your real address . offshore private checking account - deposit money and pay your bills from offshore - no paper trails . save up to 50 % on printing & mail & have your sales material mailed from jamaica - are you in the mail order business ? here 's a money saving opportunity no one else can offer ! offshore investors - do you have a viable funding project ? offshore tax havens - legally delay or eliminate taxes - no one knows - not even your government ! offshore ibc 's & trusts - asset protection from creditors and your government ! offshore phone answering service - more privacy - more protection ! offshore self - liquidating loans - if structured right , never needs to be paid back ! high yield offshore investment opportunities - find out how the rich make from 1 % to 4 % a week on their money - offshore and tax free - you can do the same ! offshore visa card regardless of credit - no paper trails - works in any atm worldwide ! up to 100 % financing on residential and commercial property - hard to place mortgage sources ! bill consolidation regardless of credit rating - stop those harassing creditors within days using this credit source ! lines of credit up to $ 15 , 000 regardless of credit - these credit cards are major bankcards ! secret money - secrecy is a thriving industry - you will have access to these secret money sources ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with all this valuable information in report number 5599 , do you see why it 's the hottest selling report in the world today ? this information is not accessible just anywhere ! information like this can not be found at your local library . it is well worth $ 50 . 00 - in fact its well worth thousands of dollars by showing people how they can save a hundred times that amount in taxes alone ! the best deal of all is that you will have full reprints rights and the permission to sell ofs 's offshore special report number 5599 . you keep all the money ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ information is the perfect product . it 's easy to reproduce , easy to ship and easy to sell especially when it 's as powerful as report # 5599 . the market is unlimited in that you can sell report # 5599 to anyone , anyplace in the world . the potential is unlimited because there are billions of people throughout the world who need report # 5599 and are being introduced to report # 5599 this minute . everyone . . . i mean everyone needs report # 5599 . . . . people who have a j . o . b . and have """" more month than money """" - you know """" just over broke """" ! ! people who are self-employed - paying that """" self employment tax """" and are prime candidates for law suits from every direction ! people who are sick and tired of frivolous law suits - did you know that in the u . s . there are 2 . 67 lawyers for every 1 , 000 people ? most lawyers are hungry and need to sue someone for any reason to survive ! professional people such as doctors , engineers , technicians , architects , stock - brokers , accountants , and yes even lawyers ! - you know those people in the higher than average tax brakets ! people who are getting married or are married and plan on living happily ever after - now back to reality - the u . s . has a divorce rate that exceeds 60 % every year ! partners who want to make sure their partnership is a true 50-50 deal now and in the future ! people who live in a country that has strict rules and regulations limiting where and how they can run their business and manage their money ! people who are retired and at the mercy of their governments ' rules concerning social security income and medical benefits ! people who want to retire but cannot afford to because of lack of income or the rules forced upon them by their government restricting them from receiving a decent income ! people who are high audit risks or have been audited by their governments ' dictatorial tax agency - you know """" guilty until proven innocent """" ! people who are paying their government 40 % to 60 % in taxes and are sick and tired of doing so ! people who are close to bankruptcy and need to find a solution as soon as possible - 20 % to 40 % of the people in the united states are a paycheck away from bankruptcy - yes those people ! people who want to make sure their children receive 100 % of their inheritance without the government stealing it away ! people who need credit and have been turned down through traditional sources , such as their local friendly bank ! people who want to keep their business and personal affairs private - hard to do this day and age with all the computers ! people who have the dream of financial independence and want to make thousands a day running their own home based business ! you must agree with me there is a tremendous market throughout the world ; of people who are breathing and paying taxes which are prime candidates for report # 5599 ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ since we have determined the entire world is a prime candidate for report # 5599 let me show you how easy it is to sell report # 5599 working from your kitchen table ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hold on ! ! how rude of me ! i have been talking to you from the beginning of this email , without officially introducing myself ! so let me officially introduce myself - i ' m one of several ofs independent associates making five digits every month ! i ' ll be your sponsor - i ' m the person who you will pay the $ 50 . 00 to and receive report # 5599 ! i ' m the person who will change your life forever ! i ' m the person who wants to see you succeed because if you succeed - i succeed ! i want to make sure you succeed and see you sell hundreds , even thousands of reports every week . the more you sell the more money i can make ! its ' true that you keep all of the $ 50 . 00 when you sell a report . you pay me nothing other than the initial $ 50 . 00 for the report - not one single dollar - you keep it all . sell only 10 reports a week and make $ 500 - you keep it all ! sell 100 reports a week and you make $ 5 , 000 - you keep it all ! sell 500 reports a week and make $ 25 , 000 - you keep it all ! ! ! before i tell you how and why i make money every time you sell a report , let me show you how easy it is to advertise and sell """" the hottest selling report in the world """" - ofs 's offshore special report number 5599 ! . this report has been designed to be self-contained with all the marketing concepts on how to sell the report right inside . in your copy of report # 5599 you will have access to the following marketing strategies and tools . . . sample of proven classified ads you can place in local or national publications that will make you filthy rich ! a powerful photo ready copy of a postcard you can put your name & address on and have the $ 50 . 00 sent directly to you - automatically . i will show you how you can print and mail that postcard - first class - for as little as twelve cents ( u . s ) each ! once you send in your certificate of registration from report # 5599 you will also receive . . . additional dynamite classified and display ads that will generate hundreds , even thousands , of responses guaranteed to fill your mail box with $ 50 . 00 orders ! places to advertise for as little as seven cents ( u . s . ) per word reaching over 73 , 000 , 000 people ! a co-op advertising program sharing the leads and sales generated from national television infomercials ! a photo ready copy of this order pulling sales letter for your use to mail to the respondents of your ads ! duplicatable copy of an audio cassette tape of this order pulling sales letter ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ become an offshore broker and make more money than most dream of helping others find and save money ! ofs 's offshore special report number 5599 has a variety of money making opportunities and the """" offshore broker """" is just one of them ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i ' m not greedy - i just love what money does for me & my family ! as the person who introduced you to report # 5599 i have the opportunity to make over-rides on every report # 5599 you sell . you see , i ' m not happy just making $ 50 . 00 on the report i sold you . i would like to retire in the near future , sit back and receive hundreds , even thousands , of dollars a week for my past efforts of selling report # 5599 . in report # 5599 there are additional money-making opportunities by having people establishing what are called international business corporations , asset protection trusts ( among other offshore business support services ) and i can receive commissions and over-rides having people buying these services whether i personally sell them myself or you sell them through the initial sale of report # 5599 . that 's why i ' m interested in your success . i want you to become a millionaire by selling thousands of reports . here are a few of the additional money making opportunities contained in report # 5599 from which i can make over-rides by becoming an """" offshore broker """" . . . = > first , i make $ 50 . 00 on report # 5599 ( i initally sold to you ) in addition . . . = > i can make up to $ 100 helping people set up an offshore checking account ! = > i can make up to $ 240 for every international business corporation established ! = > i can make up to $ 1 , 000 for every trust set up - domestic or offshore ! = > i can make up to $ 50 for every self-liquidating loan manual sold ! = > i can make up to $ 100 for every offshore print & mail order ! = > i can make up to $ 100 for every offshore visa card established ! = > i can make up to $ 100 for everyone who receives a $ 15 , 000 unsecured line of credit through a major bank credit card ! = > if i feel really energetic i can set up and run a trust agency in my area and have people sell trusts for me ( somewhat like an insurance agency ) ! the money-making potential is tremendous by hiring several people who work in my area . i ' m your sponsor and because of my efforts in selling you report # 5599 , i have the opportunity to make lifetime residuals from your efforts in selling report # 5599 to others ! i ' m truly amazed at the marketing concept offered through ofs 's offshore special report number 5599 . the concept is so simple and it is completely duplicatable ! by making sure you make thousands of dollars a week i ' m going to get filthy stinking rich off your success ! if it seems like i am bragging and rubbing it in about how i ' m going to make bundles of money from your efforts it 's true ! ! you should be as excited as i am because report # 5599 allows you to duplicate my efforts ! when you sell a report to others you will then be in my position - to make all the over-rides and commissions i have just talked about - on those who then sell report # 5599 ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the following questions & answers are designed to answer most of the concerns you may have . this should give you enough information to determine if ofs 's offshore special report # 5599 is your tool for making thousands of dollars a week in a home based business . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ q . do i have to personally sell the report & the other offshore business support services to people who respond to my ads ? a . no ! this is really a two fold question . let 's talk about the selling of report # 5599 first . all you have to do is place an ad , mail the postcards or send bulk email . if you place an ad send the respondent this sales letter and let this sales letter do the rest for you - no need to talk to anyone ! ! if you mail the postcards or use bulk emailing your job is done ! the postcard will ask the respondent to send $ 50 . 00 to your mailing address . email will work for you if you send it to as many people as you can . if you decide to become an offshore broker and qualify to receive over-rides and commission on the offshore business support services the parent company will do the selling for you if you wish . this is a """" no brainer """" and can be as simple or as complicated as you want to make it . . . talk to the people if you wish or do n't - report # 5599 sells itself ! q . how many hours a week will i have to devote to my business ? a . one to sixty hours a week ! here 's a question i will answer with a question . . . how much money do you want to make ? common sense says the more ads you run and the more mailings you do the more money you will make ! the statistics show that for every 100 responses you receive from your ads , and you mail this sales letter , you will sell five to ten reports making you $ 250 . 00 to $ 500 . 00 ( us ) . your ad responses will vary depending on the place you advertise and the circulation of the publication . the more ads you run or the more emails you send out the more time you will need to devote to your home based business . q . just how much money will i need to start my home based business ? a . $ 50 . 00 ! yeah i know - you ' re thinking you will need money for ads and mailing . well - i ' ve had people start with $ 50 . 00 ( u . s ) and make ten copies of the report and sold them to their associates and friends giving them $ 500 . 00 ( us ) . that gave them enough money to start running ads and to buy stamps . in looking at all the money making opportunities offered in the world today i really do n't think you can get started for any less than $ 50 . 00 and have a better legitimate money-making opportunity than the one offered in report # 5599 ! q . if i have additional questions who will answer them for me ? a . i will or the parent company will ! no package of information , no matter how complete , can possibly answer every question that may come up . i do not want you to lose money seeking out the answers . i want you to succeed ! you will receive a phone number in report # 5599 where you can either reach me or someone from the parent company for any question or help you need ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ here 's a valuable bonus for ordering within 5 days . . . . your 's absolutely free ! ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i have persuaded the parent company - offshore financial services , ltd . - to give you their ofs offshore business journal - volume i - free of charge - as a bonus for ordering report # 5599 within 5 days of receiving this email . you will receive the journal when you send in your """" certificate of registration """" found in the report . the information in this journal is priceless and can not be found anywhere but right here ! ! here 's a sample of that information : bonus # 1 ofs 's offshore business journal > your irs returns are suppose to be private - not so ! > funds through on-line computer services ! > raising capital without borrowing from the bank ! > how to get medicines before they ' re approved by the fda ! > airlines will handle your baggage with special care if you know the secret ! > you can borrow money from your ira . just do n't call it a loan > how to get free subscriptions to over 60 magazines ! > establish aaa credit in 30 days ! > why americans are mad as hell ! > sources for quick cash loans . bonus # 2 report # 5599 support package . > how to reach over 73 , 000 , 000 people for as little as 7 cents per word ! > how to set up voice mail and never talk to anyone who responds to your ads . > to use or not to use a mailing list ? > how to receive free names to mail to . > how to mail your postcards & sales flyers """" first class """" for a low as 12 cents each - includes printing ! > how to collect $ 5 from people who want to receive this sales letter ! bonus # 3 bulk - emailer 's dream package . by ordering within the next 5 days , you will also receive a floppy disk packed full of online marketing tips from two of the nation 's top electronic marketers . i have previously offered this disk for $ 79 . 95 , but by purchasing report # 5599 through this special offer within the next 5 days , it will be yours for free ! ! i will also include another floppy disk with over 150 hot money making reports that you can sell together or individually ! bulk - email has been proven to be the most effective way to market on the internet . by ordering within the next 5 days ; i will include a program that collects names from aol chat rooms at a maximum rate of over 10 , 000 per hour ! ! you will receive high response rates marketing to these fresh names that you have collected yourself . now all you will need is a bulk-email program , you will receive a link where you can download a free fully working demonstration bulk - email program that will allow you to begin earning profits the day you receive my package . you will not need to be concerned with losing your isp because i will show you exactly how to send hundreds of thousands of emails per day while cloaking your isp 's mail server and your identity at the same time ! ! stop the presses ! ! , i ' m not finished giving away free extras yet ! i have just learned of a brand new isp that is offering free access ! ! ! that 's right totally free unlimited internet access ! ! if your order is received via fax within the next 24hrs i will tell you how to sign up for this free service which is a $ 240 / yr value order now ! ! with all that i will be providing you , your success is guaranteed . you will not receive this offer again ; by ordering report # 5599 within the next 5 days all of the above information will be yours for a measly us $ 50 . 00 . order today ! ! why am i giving away so much for so little ? good question . . . it is my personal belief that any responsible hardworking person can achieve financial security given the proper opportunity and information . . the rich have kept opportunities and information to themselves that would allow anyone of us to achieve unparalleled success easily . that is why i am giving away a solid product , plus all the information needed to successfully sell that product , for only us $ 50 . 00 to anyone with enough interest and patience to read this letter . sincerely , your sponsor ofs independent associate risk free guarantee if you are not completely satisfied after reading report # 5599 and its support package simply return them both within 120 days for a full refund . no questions asked . you keep the floppy disks , business journal and dream package . you have nothing to risk and a fortune to make . here 's your risk free opportunity to change your financial situation forever ! ! { cut } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = special report # 5599 order form _ _ _ please rush me a copy of ofs 's offshore special report # 5599 and all bonuses . i understand i have full reprint rights and can sell report # 5599 for $ 50 . 00 ( u . s . ) keeping all the money ! _ _ _ i have enclosed a check / money order for $ 50 . 00 please mail the report to ( please print clearly ) your name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ zip : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : ( _ _ _ ) _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : ( _ _ _ ) _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mail this form & the check or money order for us $ 50 . 00 to the address below : dynamic communications p . o . box 373-356 decatur , ga 30037-3356 fax : ( 770 ) 234-4241 phone : ( 404 ) 274-8669 or , if you prefer , you may also pay by faxing your credit card information or copy of your check to the number above along with the information requested on the order form . please note : if ordering by credit card be sure to include card type , number and expiration date . after dialing you will be prompted to press 2 for fax . sorry , report # 5599 is too big for us to email it to you , we will send it priority mail within 24 hrs of receipt of your order .
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 47,""Subject: advertisement
  
  this message complies with the proposed united states federal requirements for commercial email . for additional information see : your e - mail address is on a list saying you would like to information on this type of service . further mailings to you may be stopped at no cost to you by sending a reply with remove as the subject . all remove requests will be honored immediately as outlined under the murkowski bill at . attempts to cancel any aforementioned email accounts will result in the inability to process remove requests , your or anyone else 's . please include all addresses where you receive email to avoid receiving further mailings from us . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ are you haveing a hard time finding places that will give you a credit card or a merchant card . if you are then maybe we can help you get the credit we all must have give us a try . we do each card search by hand starting with your town then your state and so on and so on . point your browser to http : / / www . creditime . com / we have a good deal for you
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 48,""Subject: make unlimited income !
  
  make unlimited income no meetings , no phone calls , no conference calls , no selling , no monthly quotas or chasing around friends and relatives ! simply advertise our company ' s 800 number under your personal code number . the company will answer all calls and questions , make the sales , collect the money , ship the product and send you a check for each sale ! for proof , call 24 hrs . / day . . . . recorded messages . . . 1-888 - 446-6951 , 1-888 - 703-5389 , 1-888 - 731-3457 and 1-888 - 715-0642 . to get started right away , call 1-800 - 811-2141 ( from 8am to 10pm . . cst . . mon-sat . ) and give code number 56404 when asked by our trained professional . ask about a free ! ! vacation when you call : ) thank you
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 49,""Subject: - - | > direct email-secrets + stumbling blocks
  
  are you ready to reach new prospects without the technical hassle ? do you use direct email marketing ? direct email uses similar principles involved in the familiar model of direct postal mail . if done correctly , one 's success is sure to come . if not performed correctly , then it becomes a case of luck . the 4 basic principle of direct email : are you familiar with the four basic process involved in a successful direct email campaign ? these basic steps are what the professional , consistent and successful direct emailers use . they are the foundation and root of the direct email model . the basic process includes the following : 1 . consistently accessing new and fresh lists 2 . consistently updating lists 3 . consistently sending your ad at reasonable intervals ( repetition is the key = look at tv commercials ) 4 . optimizing your ad and subject to a more """" order pulling """" ad do you know aida ? aida is an acronym of the model used in creating powerful and effective sales letters , which is widely used in advertising today . grab one of several direct mail and direct email letters and read them at least three times . the powerful and effective letters follow aida . what 's aida stand for ? a = grab the prospect 's """" attention """" i = create """" interest """" by providing some information d = create stimulaton the produces """" desire """" a = demand immediate """" action """" do you need current and supplemental prospect email lists ? do you need fresh lists every day , every week or every month ? do you need more new prospects - never reached before ? if you answered yes , our email update service will provide you new and fresh email contacts . never run out of email prospects ! ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ more info ( 24 hrs ) : 626-839 - 3835 ( us ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19gj643d5697
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 50,""Subject: re : hello
  
  * * * * * * warning ! this message is for porno webmasters and / or persons working in the porno industry . if you receive this by mistake , we apologize for any inconveniences incurred . please reply with """" remove """" in the """" subject """" area and you will be removed from our mailing list . * * * * * * fellow porno webmaster , there is a new underground porno site in town ! you will find new resources to improve your site ! underground porno site your support of the internet adult coalition is greatly appreciated . sincerely , tara iac member los angeles , ca
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 51,""Subject: adv . small business owner
  
  this message complies with the proposed united states federal requirements for commercial email as well as the washington state commercial email bill , per section 301 , paragraph ( a ) ( 2 ) ( c ) of s . 1618 . for additional information see : http : / / www . senate . gov / ~ murkowski / commercialemail / emailamendtext . html washington state commercial email bill : http : / / ww . wa . gov / wwweb / ago / junkemail / required sender information : andalucia international limited 3588 plymouth road ann arbor , mi 48105 usa andalucia @ mailexcite . com further transmissions to you by the sender of this email may be stopped at no cost to you by sending a reply to this email address with the word """" remove """" in the subject line . * * * we do honor any remove request . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = august 18 , 1998 dear sir / madam thousands of small business owners are doubling their income , with less than an hour of work each week . now you can too ! you probably think of ways to make more money every single day of your life . that 's your job as a small business owner or an internet marketer . if you do n't make more money , eventually you ' ll go out of business . but maybe the methods you come up with do n't always succeed because no """" idea """" for making money is guaranteed to increase your income . until now . we ' ve come up with a proven way to make any small business owner more successful . for just $ 30 , hundreds of marketers and business owners are using """" the 50 million e - mail addresses on a cd-rom """" every day to promoting , marketeting thier business and double , even triple their income . all you have to do is order the """" 50 million e - mail addresses on a cd-rom """" today , and you can join them in living a more luxurious life , and you ' ll only have to work at it an hour every week . of course , the more you work and promote , the more you ' ll make - - and when you ' re making this much money , you can afford to hire someone to do the work for you . you ' ll be making more money after using the 50 million e - mail addresses on a cd-rom for just one month . then you ' ll be saying things like """" this 50 e - mail addresses on a cd-rom is the best easiest , fastest way to promote your business and make more money that i ' ve ever come across as a business owner . """" doubling your income is as easy as ordering now . sincerely , dr . al baroudi president / ceo andalucia international ltd _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ send a check or money order with to andalucia international ltd . 3588 plymouth road ann arbor , mi 48105 usa ( yes ) please find enclosed my payment of $ 36 ( $ 30 . 00 plus $ 6 . 00 fedex ) for my copy of the amazing 50 million e-mail addresses on a cd-rom including a copy of netscape communicator """" 4 """" as my free gift . i can use / rent / copy and resell these lists any way i want and at any price i chose . name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ or visit us at : http : / / members . spree . com / andalucia / bizop4 . htm
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 52,""Subject: * we purchase uncollected judgments - -
  
  we purchase uncollected judicial judgments ! ! if you , your company or an acquaintance have an uncollected judicial judgment then please call us and find out how we can help you receive the money that the court states you are rightfully due . we have strong interest in acquiring uncollected judicial judgments in your city and area . itc is the largest firm in the world specializing in the purchase and collection of judicial judgments . currently we are processing over 637 million dollars worth of judgments in the united states alone . we have associate offices in virtually every city in the us and in most foreign countries . you have nothing to lose and everything to gain by calling . there is absolutely no cost to you . we can be reached toll free at 1-800 - 409-8302 extension 1279 . you can call 24 hours per day . thank you for your time + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + another internet ad campaign produced and distributed by : cyber advertising systems , ny , ny 10011 . please call cyber advertising systems at 1-800 - 409-8302 extension 1284 if you would like us to design and distribute powerful advertising for your company . success courses is pleased with the advertising we have developed for them . if you have a solid well proven product or service then we would be proud to help your company also . to be removed from our mailing list please reply to us at gardernst67 @ yahoo . com and type the word remove on the subject line only . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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 53,""Subject: go speed racer go
  
  = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = removal and general information can be found at the end of the message . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = our company is proud to bring to you some of the best of cartoon history ! do you remember """" speed racer """" , """" racer x """" , """" mach v """" ? the whole gangs , the cars and drivers , have now been captured on three beautiful sericels . these colorful sericels feature """" speed racer """" , """" racer x """" , and """" the speed racer family """" ! to further enhance the collectible aspects of these sericels , they have been signed by peter fernandez ( the voices of speed and racer x ) , corrine orr ( voices of trixie and spritle ) . the retail value of these fabulous sericels is $ 200 . 00 , what a wonderful gift ! you can choose your favorite sericel for $ 75 . 00 or you may purchase all three for $ 149 . 95 , ( $ 49 . 95 each ) . you can even make three monthly payments of $ 49 . 95 with zero interest . ( shipping and handling is included ) . add to your animation collection free ! as part of this promotion , when you go see this special speed racer sericels and participate in our brief art industry survey , we will give you free of charge an original hand painted cel from the blockbuster teenage mutant ninja turtles series . ( shipping and handling , not included ) . to view speed racer , the free turtle cel survey offer , along with other special offers , please visit us at http : / / www . art-gifts . cc . you will be glad you did . tell a friend . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = this service is provided by internet marketing technologies usa inc . imt uses in-house targeted email lists . this message is in compliance with the proposed united states federal requirements for commercial email . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = should you wish to be excluded from all imt 's future email campaigns , please send your request to remove @ art-gifts . cc . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = deleting this message will not inform us of your removal request . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = for additional information see : http : / / www . senate . gov / ~ murkowski / commercialemail / emailamendtext . html = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = company : internet marketing technologies ( usa ) inc . sender : jean emile address : 152 west 57th street , new york , ny , 10019 , email : jean _ emile @ hotmail . com phone : ( 888 ) 877-6834 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
 "",1
 54,""Subject: . . . . . . go speedracer , go . . . . . go speedracer , go . . . .
  
  = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = removal and general information can be found at the end of the message . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = our company is proud to bring to you some of the best of cartoon history ! do you remember """" speed racer """" , """" racer x """" , """" mach v """" ? the whole gangs , the cars and drivers , have now been captured on three beautiful sericels . these colorful sericels feature """" speed racer """" , """" racer x """" , and """" the speed racer family """" ! to further enhance the collectible aspects of these sericels , they have been signed by peter fernandez ( the voices of speed and racer x ) , corrine orr ( voices of trixie and spritle ) . the retail value of these fabulous sericels is $ 200 . 00 , what a wonderful gift ! you can choose your favorite sericel for $ 75 . 00 or you may purchase all three for $ 149 . 95 , ( $ 49 . 95 each ) . you can even make three monthly payments of $ 49 . 95 with zero interest . ( shipping and handling is included ) . add to your animation collection free ! as part of this promotion , when you go see this special speed racer sericels and participate in our brief art industry survey , we will give you free of charge an original hand painted cel from the blockbuster teenage mutant ninja turtles series . ( shipping and handling , not included ) . to view speed racer , the free turtle cel survey offer , along with other special offers , please visit us at http : / / www . contemporary-art . cc . you will be glad you did . tell a friend . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = this service is provided by internet marketing technologies usa inc . imt uses in-house targeted email lists . this message is in compliance with the proposed united states federal requirements for commercial email . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = should you wish to be excluded from all imt 's future email campaigns , please send your request to remove @ contemporary-art . cc . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = deleting this message will not inform us of your removal request . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = for additional information see : http : / / www . senate . gov / ~ murkowski / commercialemail / emailamendtext . html = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = company : internet marketing technologies ( usa ) inc . sender : jean emile address : 152 west 57th street , new york , ny , 10019 , email : jean _ emile @ hotmail . com phone : ( 888 ) 877-6834 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
 "",1
 55,""Subject: re - distribution . . .
  
  hello sir or madam . . . pardon the intrusion . . . i ' ll try to keep this brief . i simply ask of you to inspect this website : http : / / 209 . 149 . 187 . 202 / pentagono / http : / / 209 . 149 . 187 . 202 / pentagono / . the site describes an enormously popular , worldwide wealth re-distribution system . examine its contents . if you are interested in it , please contact me at the email address shown at that site . this system is run by a company named future strategies - owned and operated by 2 good fellows from northern italy . i ' ve been out to visit them , and saw their whole operation . they are enabling many thousands of people from all corners of the world to fulfill their financial dreams and goals . this program is real . since my visit , i too have joined their system . i ' ve seen it work for others and it will work for me . . . . as it will for you should you choose to join . best regards shawn http : / / 209 . 149 . 187 . 202 / pentagono / note : to be removed from any of our subsequent mailings , simply send an empty email to this address only : rempenta @ do-it - now . net . . sending a remove request to the other email address located on the web site will not get you removed
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 56,""Subject: do you know his or her background ? ?
  
  locate anyone anywhere in the usa old friends . . . lost loved ones . . . deadbeat dads or moms judgment debtors . . . fugitives our fee is $ 50 . 00 for a guaranteed locate , if you have social security number . our fee is $ 75 . 00 for a guaranteed locate without social security number . what information do i need to do this ? usually not much . depending on what you are looking for , sometimes it just takes a name ! other helpful information may consist of addresses ( last known / current ) , social security number is always very helpful , date of birth , and basically any other information you feel would be of use . other searches we perform are : assets . . . criminal background . . . marriage / divorce . . . workmen compensation . . . business credit reports . . . drivers license records . . . non - published phone numbers . . . national real estate . . . social security death file . . . bankruptcy liens and judgments . . . corporation profiles national . . . credit reports personal or corporation . . . pre - employment background pre - trial comprehensive reports . . . bank asset information . . . safe deposit searches . . . stocks , bonds , etc . * * * * * * * * * * search usa * * * * * * * * * * for more information call ask for michael jenkins call toll free 1-800 - 464-5458 visa . . . mastercard . . . discover cards accepted * * * * * 24 hour service * * * * * 8 = l . dial-access . a
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 57,""Subject: who is who ! ! !
  
  this is a responsible email being sent by ac enterprises . 1055 stewart ave . , bethpage , ny 11714 . tel . ( 516 ) 937-9001 . email tnet1 @ prodigy . net . the above statement complies with section 301 requirements relating to transmissions of unsolicited commercial electronic mail . to remove your name from our list immediately , please email : tnet1 @ prodigy . net with remove as the subject . we maintain our lists responsibly , and apologize for any inconvenience . dear candidate , you were recently selected by the office of public affairs for a free listing on the international executive guild 's who 's who cd-rom . http : / / www . app-form - online . com remember , this site is for executives , professionals , & entrepreneurs only ! our public affairs office gathers information from many recognized sources , including professional associations and societies , trade organizations , newspaper and magazine articles , professional reference publications , web presence , and referrals from existing members . as a highly respected professional in your field of expertise , we believe your contributions merit very serious consideration for inclusion on the international executive guild 's who 's who cd-rom . to maintain the level of accuracy , we ask you to click on the web address highlighted below and fill out the brief bit of information required for inclusion . there is no cost or obligation to be listed on the international executive guild 's who 's who cd-rom . all applicants will receive a free gift compliments of the international executive guild . http : / / www . app-form - online . com remember , this site is for executives , professionals , & entrepreneurs only ! my sincere thanks , lorraine a . michaels office of public affairs
 "",1
 58,""Subject: ^ * ^ * ^ i lost 23 pounds in 4 weeks , so could you ! ! !
  
  eat ! eat ! eat ! and still lose weight ! no joke ! need to lose weight quick ? do n't have time to exercise ? here ' s your answer ! and you can eat as much as you want ! introducing slender now ( tm ) guaranteed weight loss for life ! how confident are we ? . . . in 30 days if you ' re not completely satisfied with this system , send the """" empty """" bottles back for full refund ! this system is so effective , test subjects typically lose 10 - 15 pounds of fat in the first month ! more importantly , the rebound effect so common with other forms of weight loss has been eliminated . * a no-fail slender now ( tm ) burn , bind , block and build system burn - stimulean ( tm ) - a unique herbal thermogenic formula that allows stored fats to be turned into energy ( see below ) . bind - slenderlean ( tm ) - a unique state-of - the-art fiber-based product that binds up to 40 grams ( 360 fat calories ) of dietary fat from the foods you ' ve just eaten , therefore throwing these excess fat calories out of your body as waste rather than storing them as fat ( see below ) . block - phase ' olean ( tm ) - it 's back ! dr . marshall 's exclusive starch blocker ( tm ) formula has been approved for re-release for the first time in 15 years ! each tablet has the capacity to block the digestion and absorption of more than 100 grams or more than 400 calories of starch ( see below ) . build - aminolyze ( tm ) - this product contains the specific amino acids necessary for your body to make new collagen . it helps maintain lean body mass and build muscle tissue ; very important while losing weight . you burn fat , rather than muscle , which helps to maintain a healthy lean body mass ratio * eat as much as you want ! * your energy level will skyrocket ! * 100 % safe and all natural ! * get results in two weeks ! * 30 day money back guarantee - no questions asked ! * eat as much as you want ! that 's right , you can continue to eat your favorite high calorie foods and still lose weight ! that was mpossible until now ! with the revolutionary slender now ( tm ) system , you can enjoy your favorite foods like steak , pork , eggs and dairy products and still achieve your goal . * 100 % safe and all natural ! the slender now ( tm ) system contains no preservatives , sugar , starch , salt , wheat , yeast , milk , soy derivatives , artificial flavoring or coloring agents . * get results in two weeks ! 90 % of our clients are experiencing incredible results and immediate energy within the first two weeks ! * money back guarantee ! you have 30 days to try the products . if you are less than completely satisfied , send the """" empty """" bottles back for a full 100 % refund . you have 30 days to try the products at wholesale prices here is what just two people had to say ( and there are many more ) : sharon h . , female , age 44 , real - estate agent , atlanta , ga . """" i ' ve lost 23 pounds in four weeks and 2 dress sizes and my husband has lost 15 . we were skeptical because we thought it was another one of those fad diets . however , after researching and experiencing the products , this is going to revolutinalize weight loss . people have been asking me what i ' m doing and when i tell them they do n't believe it , so i just tell them to try it . why not ? it comes with a 100 % money back guarantee ! """" stanley k . , male , age 41 , pittsburgh , pa . """" these products are amazing ! not only have i lost 15 pounds in first month , my energy level is high and consistent throughout the day . the system is easy ; i ' ve never been able to lose weight like this ! i ' m actually eating more ! this has just blown me away . and the most incredible thing is that i ' ve have n't dieted a bit with the exception of avoiding excess starches . """" for free , no obligation information about the slender now ( tm ) system , call toll free : 1-888 - 668-0615 due to the overwhelming response , you may get a busy signal . if you do call 1-888 - 841-6242
 "",1
 59,""Subject: free internet services & unique shopping
  
  here 's a great directory for free and interesting internet sites ! ! ! visit """" mall direct """" http : / / 209 . 125 . 202 . 59 this is a fabulous list , please save for future reference . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - to be removed from this list , please enter your e-mail address at http : / / www . remove-list . com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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 60,""Subject: non - u . s . residents only ! !
  
  non-us networking leaders only ! ! ! dear international leader ! as a non - u . s citizen you are in the right place at the right time ! consider the following : 1 ) do you have local or worldwide international contacts ? 2 ) are you a leader in the international networking marketing field ? 3 ) would you like to establish a worldwide income generator online ? 4 ) are you 18 years or older ? 5 ) do you have a visa or mastercard , with a billing address ourside the usa ? if you answered positively to any of the above , then read on to discover all the reasons that make this opportunity unbeatable in the ever expanding arena of online commerce ! 1998 $ 4 billion in online commerce 2002 $ 40 billion in online commerce at current growth rate ! ! crucial factors : ( for your consideration ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = solid backing : = = = = = = = = = = = = = backed by 8 year old corporation listed on the nasdaq ! ! = = = = = = = = = = = = = = market demand = = = = = = = = = = = = = = billion dollar industry that is showing explosive growth online . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = strategic positioning & perfect timing = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = having the technology , capitalization & experience to take this industry exclusively to the world of network marketing . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = market penetration = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = just launched a few days ago . . . . . . . . . = = = = = = = = act now ! = = = = = = = = to receive more information about this explosive program send and email to . . . . mailto : travel4cash @ iop . com and type """" send detailed info """" in the subject line . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if for any reason you wish to be removed from this targeted list , click below . . . . and you will be removed immediately . . mailto : outtahere85 @ hotmail . com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",1
 61,""Subject: hi
  
  get over five million people to send you $ 2 . 00 without spending any money ! absolutely no junk mailing or e-mailing is involved . this complete instruction booklet will show you step by step how to reach over five million people for free , how to get them to each send you $ 2 . 00 , and proof that it works . this simple technique can and will work for you guaranteed ! if you are interested then this booklet can be yours for only $ 3 . 00 . with your package you will receive a phone number and a personalized seven digit code . your address is recorded with your seven digit code so if for any reason you are unsatisfied with the information you receive , call the number , enter in your seven digit code then hang up and your money will be mailed back to you automatically , no questions asked ! you have nothing to lose and everything to gain ! send $ 3 . 00 or any questions to : goldtec publications 15030 ventura blvd , suite 903 sherman oaks , ca 91403 you are not put on to any mailing lists whatsoever . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / this message complies with the proposed united states federal requirements for commercial email plus washington state commercial email bill . for information see : http : / / www . senate . gov / ~ murkowski / commercialemail / emailamendtext . html and for washington state commercial email bill : http : / / ww . wa . gov / wwweb / ago / sender information : goldtec publications , sherman oaks , ca 91403 to stop future mailings from us at no cost to you , please click here to send us an email and type """" remove """" in the subject line . \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
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 62,""Subject: list sale now on , over 50 % off mega lists
  
  order form : all addresses are fresh and cleaned against international remove lists for the best results with the minimum irritation to those who do not wish to receive unsolicited mail . many new mailer programs bypass your isp and send mail direct to the recipient so you do n't need an expensive """" bulk-friendly """" isp . discs supplied come with a free mailing program , its not the best but will get you started if you do n't have one , it also includes two bulk email software demo 's one of which has a powerful email address extractor to collect your own targeted lists , we now retail both of these software packages . prices are quoted in uk pound sterling / us dollars and are fully inclusive of postage and packing sale sale sale sale sale sale sale sale sale sale sale sale sale mega size list at less than half our regular ( already bargain ) price , limited period only so hurry ! ! ! ! ten million email addresses for only 42 uk pound sterling or 80 u . s . dollars 10 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 42 / $ 80 tick here [ ] regular prices for ordering after 21th september 1998 1 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 15 / $ 35 [ ] 2 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 29 / $ 59 [ ] 3 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 42 / $ 80 [ ] 4 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 54 / $ 102 [ ] 5 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 65 / $ 120 [ ] 6 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 75 / $ 137 [ ] 7 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 84 / $ 152 [ ] 8 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 92 / $ 163 [ ] 9 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 99 / $ 178 [ ] email address lists are sent as text documents on cd they can be opened with most word processing packages and imported into most databases and bulk email software . we can now accept direct bank transfer payment from outside the uk , go to your bank and ask them to transfer the pound sterling value for the number of email addresses you wish to purchase to the following bank account : account name : prophoto bank sort code : 77 49 08 account number : 90303960 bank details : tsb bank , high street , camberley , surrey england gu15 3sd your bank will work out the currency exchange for you , with the exchange charge you should be paying no more than the prices above for us dollar payments ( these include a currency transfer fee ) make sure you ask for a transaction or reference number , when you send your order ( by post ) be sure to write this number down , its what links your order to your payment . your payment should clear within 24hrs and your email addresses will be dispatched as soon as possible . to order tick the number of addresses you wish to purchase , then fill out the details below and post your order together with payment ( cheques in your own currency or us dollar travelers cheques only please ) made payable to prophoto to : prophoto uk , po box 447 , doman road , camberley , surrey , england gu15 3xd . name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ post / zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i enclose a cheque or have made a bank transfer to the value of ( enter amount ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cheque or bank transfer / reference number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to be removed from our mailing lists please send your email address to the above postal address .
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 63,""Subject: specials specials
  
  if you received this message in error , please accept my apologies . great steals and deals : : come and visit our web site and sign up to win a 3 . 2 gig hard drive . . we welcome all reseller to all site linked to this page . . . for over 500 cables ( printer cables , usb cable , plus switch boxes and much much more ) please visit http : / / www . cablemax . com for links to eagle computers look below . . this weeks specials follow : amd k6 266mhz $ 102 . 00 amd k6 300mhz $ 125 . 00 amd k6 - 2 300 mhz 3d cpu $ 159 . 00 amd k6 - 2 333 mhz 3d cpu $ 264 . 00 amd k6 - 2 300mhz 3d system for just $ 699 . 00 amd k6 233mhz system $ 450 24x cdrom cyberdrive $ 40 32x cdrom $ 48 pci lucent 56k modems $ 45 genius 3 - d 16bit sound card $ 13 . 00 multimedia speaker system $ 10 . 00 amd k6 - 2 300mhz 3d cpu + 100mhz motherboard + 4meg agp video card + 16bit sound $ 350 . 00 * * * new * * * at 100mhz motherboard for the amd 3d cpu ' s * * * $ 85 . 00 32 meg edo 60ns memory * * blowout sale * * $ 25 . 00 trident 9685 4 meg s3 virge video card just $ 35 . 00 plus a lot more so please take the time out to visit eagle computers web site . . also do n't forget to sign up to win a 3 . 2 gig hard drive . . . theres just to many deals to list . just hit the link and we will see you there : ) http : / / www . eaglecomp . net / html / newspecials / html / eagle _ computers-specials . cfm to regester for the free prize click here http : / / www . eaglecomp . net
 "",1
 64,""Subject: call me tonight . . . . .
  
  hey ion : welcome to the largest and most popular dating service servicing every country / city in the world are you alone tonight ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? call now ! ! ! 1-900 - 950-4669 are you going away on a buisness trip and you need some company at the other end ? ? ? ? ? ? find local singles who would like to meet single people just like you . call today and locate the girl or guy of your dreams ! ! ! ! ! ! we have over 3000 new girls daily just in the usa call toll free 1-888 - 448-4688 * * ladies call free * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * if you would like to be removed from our future mailings , please reply with the subject remove , and your email will be entered in the global remove filter . thank you . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",1
 65,""Subject: futuresignals
  
  this message is being sent to you in compliance with the proposed federal legislation for commercial email ( s . 1618 - section 301 ) . http : / / www . senate . gov / ~ murkowski / commercialemail / emailamendtext . html """" pursuant to section 301 , paragraph ( a ) ( 2 ) ( c ) of s . 1618 , further transmissions to you by the sender of this email may be stopped at no cost to you by sending a reply to this email by following the directions below this message . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = attention futures traders receive real - time instant futuresignals over the internet by noted cta . futures traders , our service sends instant futuresignals via the internet as they are generated for the following markets : s&p 500 , nasdaq 100 , e - mini , unique futures trading opportunities . our futuresignals come with profit objectives for scalpers , daytraders and postion traders . we also issue trailing stops and important info we hear in the pits throughout the day . our service has been featured in futures magazine . for a free 3 day trial go to : http : / / www . bulkmate . com / futuresignals / http : / / www . bulkmate . com / futuresignals / futures trading involves risk . only use risk capital . please read cftc disclaimer on our website . to be removed from this list , simply send a blank email to : fsremove @ do-it - now . net note : it is not our intention to infiltrate or advertise to any investing / trading-related discussion groups . if this has been the case , our apologies and please follow the removal instructions above . sent from : futuresignals email : fs @ do-it - now . net address : po box 351 , verplanck , ny , 10596 telephone : 212-501 - 4281
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 66,""Subject: what 's new in software ?
  
  would n't it be great if one of the major computer software developers created a software program that would allow you to make mega income with your computer ? guess what . . . . . . it 's been done ! in fact , over the past four years this software has helped over 4000 people worldwide to start remote backup services from their personal computers . this industry leader has developed an automated system that allows your computer and modem to go to work for companies and professionals . . . . . . . and it works while you sleep ! you get everything you need . 1 . software and programming that truly does it all for you . 2 . a way to supply the rapidly growing number of businesses that rely upon us to protect their valuable computer files . 3 . your own technical support and customer service staff to get you started and keep you running smoothly . find out all the details ! ! call now ! 1-901 - 737-8667 ( if you would like a call from us , include your phone number in an e-mail . your number will be kept in strictest confidence . ) reply to : dvinsond @ netscape . net quantum tech , inc . 694 rocky woods cove cordova , tn 38018 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to be added to our remove list , please respond to : southnet @ mailcity . com with remove in the subject line . thank you .
 "",1
 67,""Subject: amazing health benefits of green tea revealed ! ! !
  
  finally , the simple secret to long-lasting health for you and your family is here ! ! ! and it 's yours free ! ! ! california health advisory report ( cha98-gt ) this exclusive report , prepared by the california health advisory , summarizes research and studies conducted by some of the foremost physicians at renowned medical institutions around the globe , including : * national cancer institute * national institutes of health * medical college of ohio * harvard botanical museum * and many others . . . this report provides in-depth explanations of findings on the truly amazing health benefits of green tea ! these findings include protection against cancer , heart disease , and numerous other ailments . one such study summarized in this report was published in the journal of the national cancer institute and found that daily consumption of green tea """" greatly contributes to a reduced incidence of many forms of cancer """" . this report is presented in clear , simple language . . . not the usual """" foreign """" language of medicine . and the green tea it studies is the same green tea found in your local grocery store or coffee shop ! ! ! to receive an electronic copy of this free report , send a one dollar bill ( to cover processing costs , no checks please ) and your e-mail address to : california health advisory attn : free report cha98-gt po box 7944 newport beach , ca 92658-7944 your free report will be sent within 48 hours of receipt of your request . ( this exclusive offer is valid for a limited time only . the california health advisory reserves the right to rescind this offer at any time , upon return of unfulfilled requests . )
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 68,""Subject: get your rocks off tonight ! !
  
  for the biggest , boldest , and dirtiest adult site on the net . . . * cum shots * wild orgies * deep throat blow jobs * lesbian action * gays * bondage * fetishes * voyeur * super young teens * hardcore penetration . . . and much , much more ! simply click here and cum on in - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - you were introduced to us as someone who is over 18 and interested in adult related material . if this is not the case , please accept our sincerest appologies . simply click right here and type """" remove """" in the subject field . this will automatically block you from any future mailings . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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 69,""Subject: futuresignals
  
  this message is being sent to you in compliance with the proposed federal legislation for commercial email ( s . 1618 - section 301 ) . http : / / www . senate . gov / ~ murkowski / commercialemail / emailamendtext . html """" pursuant to section 301 , paragraph ( a ) ( 2 ) ( c ) of s . 1618 , further transmissions to you by the sender of this email may be stopped at no cost to you by sending a reply to this email by following the directions below this message . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = attention futures traders receive real - time instant futuresignals over the internet by noted cta . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - futures traders , our service sends instant futuresignals via the internet as they are generated for the following markets : s&p 500 , nasdaq 100 , e - mini we are now in the middle of our 3rd month of service issuing anywhere from 3 - 7 futuresignals per day for dt ( daytraders ) and pt ( position traders ) in these markets . our futuresignals come with profit objectives for scalpers , daytraders and postion traders . we also issue trailing stops and important info we hear in the pits throughout the day . our service has been featured in futures magazine . if you ' re a daytrader or new / seasoned futures trader you owe it to yourself to check out what we offer . for a free 3 day trial go to : http : / / www . bulkmate . com / futuresignals / http : / / www . bulkmate . com / futuresignals / please do n't forget to visit this site and read the exact futuresignals that we issue everyday . you won't trade again without wanting to know what we ' re doing . futures trading involves risk . only use risk capital . please read cftc disclaimer on our website . to be removed from this list , simply send a blank email to : fsremove @ do-it - now . net note : it is not our intention to infiltrate or advertise to any investing / trading-related discussion groups . if this has been the case , our apologies and please follow the removal instructions above . sent from : futuresignals email : fs @ do-it - now . net address : po box 351 , verplanck , ny , 10596 telephone : 212-501 - 4281
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 70,""Subject: get your rocks off tonight ! !
  
  for the biggest , boldest , and dirtiest adult site on the net . . . * cum shots * wild orgies * deep throat blow jobs * lesbian action * gays * bondage * fetishes * voyeur * super young teens * hardcore penetration . . . and much , much more ! simply click here to cum in - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - you were introduced to us as someone who is over 18 and interested in adult related material . if this is not the case , please accept our sincerest appologies . simply click right here and type """" remove """" in the subject field . this will automatically block you from any future mailings . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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 71,""Subject: please read you wont regret it - 22043
  
  our research indicates the following material may be of interest to you . if you prefer not to learn the easy way to make some much needed income , please , simply delete this letter . to further insure you do not get email of this nature , there are several universal """" remove """" lists you can subscribe to on the internet . i filter all email addresses that i send to against such a """" remove """" list of over 2 , 000 , 000 subscribers . please accept my apology if this was sent to you in error ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * you are about to make up to $ 50 , 000 - in less than 90 days read the enclosed program . . . then read it again ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this is the letter that got my attention . read on and i ' m sure you will agree that this is a great plan ! dear friend , the enclosed information is something i almost let slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . please do the same . it 's so simple to do . and you won't be left out in the cold to figure it all out yourself . look further down in this letter for the information you will receive from abot marketing . they give you 10 , 000 fresh email addresses and give you the locations of the best software ( free software ) to send out large quantities of email . ( normally this kind of software is several hundred dollars ) they even give you easy to understand , proven , step by step instructions for success with this program . in fact , they helped me get started and i ' m so thankful . it 's hard to believe that this as simple as it is , but it really is simple . you will even get support from them via email anytime you need it . you won't get this kind of help from other programs of this nature . it makes all the difference in the world . my name is anne bowman . i am 31 - year-old graduate student desperately trying to finish my degree and begin working in my chosen field that is , if i am lucky enough to find a job in the crowded market . like most people in this day and age , it is hard to make ends meet , and being a student does not help the situation at all ( if i ever have to buy one more box of macaroni and cheese i think i would have to scream ) . i returned to school after having worked for several years with little potential for achieving what i had expected out of life . i figured if i returned to school and received my ph . d there would be several opportunities for me out there to achieve my goals . after seeing my fellow graduate students receive their degrees and , depressingly , not find respectable positions in their chosen field i began to think , """" oh no not again ! """" four extra years in school and an extra $ 20 , 000 in student loans on top of the first $ 18 , 000 , what will i do if the same happens to me ? """" i began to doubt my patience for the long term investment in schooling , and decided enough was enough , """" why can't i make real money now instead of waiting to graduate with no guarantee of a lucrative return for all of my efforts ! """" i am writing to share my experience with other hopeful students out there , as well as anyone looking for an opportunity to take their financial situation into their own hands . i hope you will consider this opportunity seriously and that this will change your life forever ! . , financially ! ! ! and once you get started it takes so little of your time . in mid october 97 i received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off a mailing list . i took this as a sign ! ! ! after reading it several times , to make sure i was reading it correctly , it made perfect sense . here was a money-making phenomenon . i could invest as much as i wanted to start ( about as much as it costs for a pizza ! ) , without putting me further in debt . after i got a pencil and paper and figured it out , i would at least get my money back . after determining that the program is legal and not a chain letter , i decided """" i have nothing to lose """" . initially i sent 15 , 000 emails , ( without any costs to me ) only a couple of hours of my time on-line . the great thing about email is that i did n't need any money for printing to send out the program , only the time to fulfil my orders . there is a vast on-line market available to everyone who owns a computer . following the advice of the person from whom i received this letter , i am telling you like it is , and i hope it does n't turn you off , but i promised myself i would not """" rip-off """" anyone , no matter how much money it cost me ! after you receive the reports they should explain everything to you . you may have some general questions , however , and after i send you report # 1 , please feel free to contact me and i will give you any advice you need . in one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by mid november , i had received 40 orders for report # 1 . when you read the guarantee in the program you will see that """" you must receive 15 to 20 orders for report # 1 within 2 weeks if you don ' t send out more programs until you do ! """" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in 20 to 90 days was done . by the beginning of december , i had received 174 orders for report # 2 . if you go back to the guarantee . """" you must receive 100 or more orders for report # 2 within two weeks . if not send out more programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goal """" . well , i had 174 orders for report # 2 , 74 more than i needed . so i sat back and relaxed . by january 20th , of my emailing of 15 , 000 , i received $ 54 , 000 with more coming in ever day . the great thing about this program is you can begin the process over and over again without any limit on potential income ! i paid off all my student loans , and together with everything i have learned in school , i am now saving in order to open up my own business related to my field as soon as i graduate . please take time to read the attached program . it will change your life forever ! remember , it won't work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place on the list . it does n't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! report # 2 explains this . always follow the guarantee , 15 to 20 orders of report # 1 and 100 or more orders for report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or more in 20 to 90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i ' m sorry , it really is a great opportunity with little cost or risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to financial security . to my fellow graduate students out there , good luck to you and i sympathise . and to all other persons in financial trouble consider this letter a sign and please take advantage of this opportunity . you won ' t be disappointed ! sincerely , anne bowman the following testimonial was at the bottom of this letter but it was too good to leave down there so i moved it up here . it is exactly how i felt at first and feel now . """" the first week after i started this program was torture . i could n't wait to see if it was really going to work after i mailed out my first batch of letters . i chuckle every day now when i walk out of the post office with my envelopes . this is so easy , i still can't believe it 's happening ! """" don masterson , troy , ny $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ > from here down is the instruction portion of this letter . . . this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then read it again ! ! ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its ability to generate large amounts of cash . this program is showing fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go to the bank ! this truly is that lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow the easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams will come true ! when followed correctly , this electronic , multi-level marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , cars , etc . , - even retire ! this is your chance , so do n't pass it up ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary electronic multi-level marketing program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - basically , this is what we do : we send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level businesses , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new multi - level business online ( via your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive via """" snail mail """" will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they ordered . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the most easiest electronic multi-level marketing business anywhere ! follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if you do n't order them ) . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose name appears on the list next to the report . * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save them on your computer and resell them . * within a few days you will receive , via e-mail , each of the four reports . save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in steps """" a """" through """" d """" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , you will understand why it doesn ' t work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , replace the name and address under report # 1 with your name and address , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . c . move the name and address that was under report # 2 down to report # 3 . d . move the name and address that was under report # 3 down to report # 4 . e . the name and address that was under report # 4 is removed from the list and has no doubt collected their 50 grand . please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address accurately ! ! ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this letter . 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the internet ! advertising on the internet is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise , but email has , by far , proven itself to be the best medium for this program . and the emailers best friend is e-mail lists . you can buy these lists for under $ 20 / 20 , 000 addresses or you can pay someone a minimal charge to take care of the mailing for you . be sure to start your ad campaign immediately ! each day that passes while you think about it is a day without profit . 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report - always send your order via first class mail - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets of paper - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and ( c ) your postal address . ( using your printer is the best way to do this ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multilevel sales """" order report # 1 from : b . k . 19785 w . 12 mile road # 871 southfield , mi 48076 usa * * * * * important note * * * * * - us dollar currency only please - once again , make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least """" two """" sheets of paper _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """" major corporations and multilevel sales """" order report # 2 from : n . k . l serangoon central post office po box 750 singapore 915509 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """" sources for the best mailing lists """" order report # 3 from : christian s po box 1092 , jkb 11010 indonesia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """" evaluating multilevel sales plans """" order report # 4 from : j . f . j p . o . box 342 mccormick , sc 29835-0342 usa * * * * * important note * * * * * my personal success is due to sending out emails to prospective participants , i am happy to help you get started by giving you 10 , 000 free current email addresses and giving you the location of several free programs that will allow you to send out large quantities of e-mail easily . i will email the fresh addresses and software information to you the same day i receive your report request . just jot down """" free help please """" on the report request that you send with your $ 5 . in many cases i can take care of your mailing for you at no charge . you will receive my real email address when i send you this report and you can contact me for any questions you may have . ( program participants , you may leave this offer with my name as i am moved down the list . i will honor it for the duration of the program . just move it down , with my name , to the next position when you send out your first mailings . ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only 10 down line members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think about it ! your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 for a chance to make $ 55 , 000 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 3 shows you the most productive methods for bulk e-mailing and purchasing e-mail lists . some list & bulk e-mail vendors even work on trade ! about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . code , also code of federal regs . vol . . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which state that """" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . """" * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : i can ' t stress enough how important this next section is ! ! ! ! if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! note : if you need help with starting a business , registering a business name , how income tax is handled , etc . , contact your local office of the small business administration ( a federal agency ) for free help and answers to questions . also , the internal revenue service offers free help via telephone and free seminars about business taxes . * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * the first week after i started this program was torture . i could n't wait to see if it was really going to work after i mailed out my first batch of letters . i chuckle every day now when i walk out of the post office with my envelopes . this is so easy , i still can't believe it 's happening ! don masterson , troy , ny this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving """" junk mail . """" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population and percentages involved . i """" knew """" it would n't work . doris totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old """" i told you so """" on her when the thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i have joined doris in her """" hobby . """" i did have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the """" rat race """" and it 's not for me . we owe it all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md i just want to pass along my best wishes and encouragement to you . any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . i even checked with the u . s . post office to verify that the plan was legal . it definitely is ! it works ! ! ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i surprised when i found my medium-size post office box crammed with orders ! for awhile , it got so overloaded that i had to start picking up my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't matter where in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to contact to get another copy , so i had to wait until i was e-mailed another program . 11 months passed then it came . . . i did n't delete this one ! . . . i made more than $ 41 , 000 on the first try ! ! wilburn , muncie , in this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! ! !
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 72,""Subject: who is who ! ! !
  
  this is a responsible email being sent by ac enterprises . 1055 stewart ave . , bethpage , ny 11714 . tel . ( 516 ) 937-9001 . email tnet1 @ prodigy . net . the above statement complies with section 301 requirements relating to transmissions of unsolicited commercial electronic mail . to remove your name from our list immediately , please email : tnet1 @ prodigy . net with remove as the subject . we maintain our lists responsibly , and apologize for any inconvenience . dear candidate , you were recently selected by the office of public affairs for a free listing on the international executive guild 's who 's who cd-rom . http : / / members . bulnet . com / biz / whowho / remember , this site is for executives , professionals , & entrepreneurs only ! our public affairs office gathers information from many recognized sources , including professional associations and societies , trade organizations , newspaper and magazine articles , professional reference publications , web presence , and referrals from existing members . as a highly respected professional in your field of expertise , we believe your contributions merit very serious consideration for inclusion on the international executive guild 's who 's who cd-rom . to maintain the level of accuracy , we ask you to click on the web address highlighted below and fill out the brief bit of information required for inclusion . there is no cost or obligation to be listed on the international executive guild 's who 's who cd-rom . all applicants will receive a free gift compliments of the international executive guild . http : / / members . bulnet . com / biz / whowho / remember , this site is for executives , professionals , & entrepreneurs only ! my sincere thanks , lorraine a . michaels office of public affairs
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 73,""Subject: the hottest new business opportunity on the internet ! ! !
  
  ' anyone ' can do this ! * no phone calls * * no quotas * * no meetings * * fantastic pay * top secrets the fastest , easiest money making system ever ! my sponser earned $ 11 , 000 in his 1st month just by referring people to our 800 number ! if you can give out an 800 # , you can make some serious money with this program ! our professional staff will handle your calls and close your sales ! it """" s just that easy ! if you want to make some serious money fast , but do n't have the time to invest , this is for you ! multiple $ 100 fast start bonuses - paid weekly ! call toll free 1-800 - 226-0633 code # 59303 - a the company is experiencing explosive growth , so please be patiently persistant when calling . i ' m certain you ' ll agree it was worth your time ! """" we close all sales for you """" * we talk to them * * we close them * * you make multiple $ 100 commissions * join us today ! 1-800 - 226-0633 code # 59303 - a * visa * mastercard * american express * check by fax / phone * fax on demand 1-415 - 273-6020 top secrets representives company fax 1-785 - 762-6716 can attest to the sucess they are experiencing canada ( toll free ) 1-800 - 588-9768 call toll free : code # 59303 - a * million dollar marketing outside us and canada 1-913 - 762-2442 1-888 - 446-6951 code # 59303 - a * richard fascheti 1-888 - 446-6949 * gay dietsch 1-888 - 703 = 5389 * jeff gardner 1-888 - 731-3457 * william solder 1-888 - 269-7961 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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 74,""Subject: adv : ~ ~ ~ instant publisher press release ~ ~ ~
  
  operate your own home-based publishing business ( el cerrito , ca - - september , 1998 ) contact : maldon enterprise p . o . box 623 - net el cerrito , ca 94530 this is a """" one time message """" . there is no need to reply to remove , you will receive no further mailings regarding this product . print this message for future reference ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the """" instant publisher cd-rom """" can be the """" means of success """" to operating your own self-publishing operation . this cd 's 750 how - to books , reports , and manuals are up-to - date , written and edited by some of the most experienced direct mail professionals in the industry . it 's professionally designed for the novice and expert mail order dealer alike . * * * * * perhaps you only need information on how to get started . here 's how . . . . . visit this web site and preview these proven reports that are available now ! many of the reports contain advice , tips , and step-by - step suggestions for starting and operating a wide-range of home businesses . whatever your readers ' needs or interests , they are sure to find a full spectrum of topics they ' ll want to read . and that can mean big profits for you ! begin your own self-publishing business with the """" instant publisher """" cd-rom . and that 's not all . . . . . order your instant publisher cd today for $ 59 . 00 and receive the """" greatest computer games """" cd ; a collection of 500 computer games . this cd has games in every category ( action , adventure , board , education and strategy ) . it 's jam-packed with the hottest dos , windows , & windows 95 games . no matter what your gaming interest or age group , there is something for you on this cd . visit the """" instant publisher cd-rom """" web site at http : / / members . aol . com / pubcdrom / index . html
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 75,""Subject: dental - optical plan
  
  hello , we work with a group of your local doctors and dentists who would like to offer you a dental - optical plan that runs approximately $ 2 a week for an individual and $ 3 a week for the entire family . for further details please call : 1-800 - 463-6021 toll free please refer to id code emjc56 p . s . call in for details before may 13 , 1998 and with your dental plan receive the optical plan free ! thank you .
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 76,""Subject: are you serious about your future ?
  
  the future is here now , and with it comes your opportunity to capitalize on the fastest growing enterprises in history ! electronic commerce on the internet is estimated to grow to $ 327 billion by 2003 . the worldwide market for phone service is projected to be over $ 2 trillion , and deregulation of electric utilities in the us will open up a $ 250 billion market . an opportunity now exists to capitalize on these exploding markets , and build a residual income for your future . our goal is to offer virtually every connection that comes into the home or office , offer the consumer a savings , and at the same time create a lucrative on-going bonus system for the entrepreneurs who help grow the company . when your customers make on-line purchases , you earn commissions . imagine the potential ! this is a ground floor opportunity with an established billion - dollar international networking giant , and we need independent marketers . because this is an internet - based business , there are virtually no geographic boundaries to limit your growth . if you can see the potential here , and if you want more information , i urge you to contact us . the future is here , are you ready for it ? call toll free 1-888 - 673-9413 , and leave your name , area code and phone number , with the best time to reach you , and one of our representatives will contact you .
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 77,""Subject: consolidate debts , home improvements
  
  this is a limited-time offer for homeowners only . ( remove instructions are at the bottom of this email ) as a homeowner you are entitled to a free consultation . are you interested in home improvements , consolidating your monthly bills and reducing your payments ? do you have an unanticipated need for at least $ 25 , 000 for any reason ? are you the owner / occupant of a single family , free standing residence ? these days , it 's more important than ever to know how to get the most out of owning a home . to help you do just that , we ' ve created a variety of unique financing programs and options . remember : this valuable information is absolutely free ! learn how to : * get 24-hour pre-approval * get up to $ 80 , 000 with no equity * consolidate bills * make home improvements * pay for college * buy a new car , boat , or even 2nd home * * * save thousands yearly in interest payments * * * even if : * you ' re self-employed * have heavy debt * have been previously declined * you can ' t prove all your income plus , on certain programs , there 's : * no prepayment penalty * no appraisal required thousands of people just like you have already responded and have been helped . however , this offer may not be available indefinitely , so act now . to receive your complimentary and confidential consultation , click on a highlighted link below http : / / www . asset-max . com / cgi-bin / ph ? asmv01980408ln1 = vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx ( if your mail reader does not support clickable links , copy the above url into your web browser ) you may also simply email your reply , or reply by voice on our 24 hour message machine at ( 800 ) 522-7772 , with the following information : name : street address : city : state : zip : home phone : ( best time for a senior loan officer to call ) : business phone : ( best time for a senior loan officer to call ) : estimated current market value of home : estimated current mortgage balance : amount to borrow : find out what you qualify for - - know your options ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - this mailing is intended to be of interest to a large audience and to communicate a valuable offer . if you have no interest in this offer , be advised that other valuable promotions will be featured in future mailings which may be of interest to you . however , if you have no desire to receive offers of value from us in the future , please email us with """" remove """" as the subject and you will be removed from this mailing list . click below to remove yourself from this mailing . http : / / www . asset-max . com / cgi-bin / ph ? asmv01980408rem = vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx copyright 1998 asset max . the information contained in this email message may not be published , broadcast , rewritten , or otherwise distributed without the express written consent of asset max . offer void where prohibited by law .
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 78,""Subject: $ 7 money maker and e - mail service
  
  please follow the instructions of this letter very carefully . immediately print it and read twice . greetings hopefully my name is still on the list below . i am a retired attorney , and about two years ago a man came to me with a letter . the letter he brought me is the same as the letter in front of you now . he asked me to verify the fact that this letter was legal . i told him that i would review it and get back to him . when i first read the letter i thought it was some off-the - wall idea to make money . a week later i met again with my client to discuss the issue . i told him that the letter originally brought to me was not 100 % legal . my client asked me to alter the letter to make it 100 % legal . i advised him to make a small change in the letter and it would be all right . i was curious about the letter , so he told me how it works . i thought it was a long shot , so i decided against participating . before my client left , i asked him to keep me updated as to his results . about two months later he called to tell me that he had received over $ 800 , 000 in cash ! ! ! i didn t believe him , so he asked me to try the plan and see for myself . i thought about it for a few days and decided that there was not much to lose . i followed his instructions exactly and mailed out 200 letters . sure enough the money started coming in ! it came slowly at first , but after three weeks i was getting more than i could open in a day . after about three months the money stopped coming . i kept a precise record of my earnings and at the end it totaled $ 868 , 439 . 00 . i was earning a good living as a lawyer , but as anyone in the legal profession will tell you , there is a lot of stress that comes with the job . i told myself if things worked out i would retire from practice and play golf . i decided to try the letter again , but this time i sent out 500 letters . well , three months after that i had totaled $ 2 , 344 , 178 . 00 ! i just couldn t believe it . i met my old client for lunch to find out how this works . he told me that there were a few similar letters going around . what made this one different is the fact that there are seven names on the letter , not five like most others . that fact alone resulted in more returns . the other factor was the advice i gave him in making sure the whole thing was perfectly legal , since no one wants to risk doing anything illegal . i bet now you are curious about what little changes i told him to make . well , if you send a letter like this out , to be legal , you must sell something if you expect to receive a dollar . i told him that anyone sending a dollar out must receive something in return . so , when you send a dollar to each of the seven names on the list , you must include a slip of paper saying please put me on your mailing list and include your name , mailing address and e-mail address ( your phone # is optional ) . this is the key to the program ! the item you will receive for your dollar you send to the seven names below , is this letter and the right to earn thousands . we will be working together to improve each other s lives ! follow the simple instructions below exactly , and in less than three months you will receive over $ 800 , 000 . 00 guaranteed ! ! ! ! a ) immediately send $ 1 . 00 to each of the seven people listed below . wrap the dollar in a note ( typed or handwritten ) saying please add me to your mailing list and include your name , mailing address , and e-mail address . your phone number is optional . 1 - lbm enterprises 167 hamilton st . oceanside , ca 92054 2 - cms cybermart po box 153 linden , tx 75563 3 - kln 6719 s . 109th e ave . tulsa , ok 74133 4 - w . f . h . po box 774 butler , nj 07405 5 - m . bird 658 shenandoah ave . san marcos , ca 92069 6 - mtc 15 hartack ct . baltimore , md 21236 7 - jtk po box 21177 st . petersburg , fl 33742-1177 b ) remove the name next to # 1 at the top of the list and move the rest of the names up on position . then place your name in the # 7 spot . this is best done by saving this to a file and entering in your information on line # 7 . be very careful when you type the addresses and proof read them . c ) when you have completed the above instructions you have options of mailing your new letter in two ways : 1 ) through us postal service or 2 ) through e - mail . this letter has been proven perfectly legal for both ways as long as you follow the above instructions , because you are purchasing membership in our exclusive mailing list . to mail this out over the internet , you could browse through areas and find people to send this to all the time . all you have to do is cut and paste e-mail addresses wherever you are on the internet . remember , it doesn t cost anything to mail on the internet . or you can use a mass e - mail network to mail it out in large volumes for you . we highly recommend this one . they always e-mail more than the amount you purchase and their addresses are fresh . e - mail this letter to them with your name and address in position # 7 above . call this bulk e-mail company now ! they have the lowest rates on the net . they are fast , give effective returns and provide excellent service . ( 760-430 - 1067 ) * * you will want to e-mail this to as many people as you can . this will bring you big payoffs . this company has been most effective for this program . * * * keep in mind that there is no limit to the amount of names you could send out . the more names you send the more money you will make . we strongly encourage you to mail this letter to family and friends and relatives as well . * * * this is a service and is 100 % legal ! ! ! ( refer to title 18 , section 1302 & 1342 of the u . s . postal and lottery laws ) assume , for example , you get a 7 . 5 % return rate , which is very conservative . my first attempt was about 9 . 5 % and my second time was over 11 % . 1 ) when you mail out 200 letters , 15 people will send you $ 1 . 00 2 ) those 15 people mail out 200 letters and 225 people send you $ 1 . 00 3 ) those 225 people mail out 200 letters and 3 , 375 people send you $ 1 . 00 4 ) those 3 , 375 people mail out 200 letters and 50 , 625 people send you $ 1 . 00 5 ) those 50 , 625 people mail out 200 letters and 759 , 373 people send you $ 1 . 00 6 ) those 759 , 375 people mail out 200 letters and 11 , 390 , 625 people send you $ 1 . 00 at this point your name drops off the list . think about it . with only the first six levels you have received over $ 813 , 615 . 00 ! ! ! it works every time , but how well depends on how many letters you send out . in the example above , you mailed out 200 letters ; if you mailed out 500 letters , you would have received over $ 2 , 006 , 917 . 00 . check the math yourself . i want you to , but i guarantee it is correct ! ! with this kind of return , you ve got to try it . try it once and you will do it again - - guaranteed ! ! ! just make sure you send a dollar to each of the seven names on the list with a note to be added to their mailing list . together we will all prosper ! ! ! p . s . you ve read this far , so let me ask you one simple question . q : what have you got to lose ? a : only $ 7 . 00 what you can gain is an income , like the example in this letter . very small risk . very small expense . huge potential returns ! ! ! what do you really have to lose ? i invite you to join our mailing list today ! ! wishing you happy success and an excellent1998 . p . p . s we have a 95 % return at this point ! ! ! if you need a company to send out bulk e-mails for you call cyber bulk at 760-460 - 1067 . they provide an excellent service and have the lowest prices on the net ! !
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 79,""Subject: free quote ! save up to 60 % on term life insurance !
  
  do you want life insurance from the best companies at the lowest price ? companies like : security connecticut , federal kemper , lincoln benefit life , life of virginia , the equitable , and many , many others ! to receive your free no obligation quote from a licensed insurance professional in your state click here for our quote request form : compare your current coverage to these sample 10 - year level term monthly premiums for super-preferred non-smokers . ( sample smoker rates available as well ) age $ 100 , 000 $ 250 , 000 $ 500 , 000 male female male female male female 30 $ 10 . 00 $ 10 . 00 $ 17 . 00 $ 15 . 00 $ 28 . 00 $ 24 . 00 40 $ 12 . 00 $ 11 . 00 $ 21 . 00 $ 19 . 00 $ 36 . 00 $ 32 . 00 50 $ 21 . 00 $ 17 . 00 $ 44 . 00 $ 33 . 00 $ 82 . 00 $ 59 . 00 60 $ 43 . 00 $ 29 . 00 $ 99 . 00 $ 63 . 00 $ 193 . 00 $ 119 . 00 are you paying too much for coverage ? chances are we can help ! with past cases , our insurance professionals have saved their clients as much as 60 % in annual premiums ! reply for a free rate quote today ! who are we ? lifenet imarketing group , llc . is an independent marketing firm , representing licensed insurance professionals across the united states . our clients shop the market for you to offer the lowest priced """" a """" and above rated life insurance compan ies in your state ! why waste your time and money with a one-company agent ? to receive your free no obligation quote from a licensed insurance professional in your state , you may either click here for our quote request form : or 1 ) . drag across the following questionnaire ( select it ) 2 ) . hit the reply button . ( make sure that your to : field reads life @ ileads . com ! ) 3 ) . answer the following questions . ( note : all fields must be filled out for an accurate quote ) 1 ) . your name : 2 ) . date of birth : 3 ) . do you use any tobacco products ? 4 ) . if yes , describe : 5 ) . height : 6 ) . weight : 7 ) . male or female ? 8 ) . city / state of residence : 9 ) . contact phone number ( important ) ( day / evening ) : 10 ) . amount of life insurance you 'd like . ( note : financial planners suggest 5 to 10 times your annual income as a good rule of thumb , e . g . $ 250 , 000 , $ 500 , 000 , $ 1 , 000 , 000 ) : 11 ) . type of life insurance you 'd like ? ( e . g . whole life , universal life , term insurance ? ) 12 ) . what is the primary purpose of your life insurance policy , ( please mark one or more below ) : a . income to family in case of death _ _ _ _ b . mortgage protection _ _ _ _ c . child 's education _ _ _ _ d . estate protection _ _ _ _ e . to replace existing insurance _ _ _ _ 13 ) . amount of insurance in force now ? 14 ) . premium you ' re now paying per year ? 15 ) . when did you last apply for life insurance ? 16 ) . to which companies ? 17 ) . what was the outcome ? 18 ) . what are your particular health problems ? ( please be specific in order to receive an accurate quote ) . 19 ) . do you take any medications ( other than over the counter ) ? 20 ) . if so , provide the drug name and dosage : 21 ) . do any members of your immediate family have a history of heart disease , or cancer ? if so describe : 22 ) . the last four digits of your social security number : ( the last four digits of your social security number are used for internal tracking purposes only ) . remember . . . . what do you have to lose shopping hassle free by e-mail ? * all quotes shown are from insurance companies rated a - , a , a + or a + + by a . m . best company ( a registered rating service ) and include all fees and commissions . actual premiums and coverage availability will vary depending upon age , sex , state availability , health history and recent tobacco usage . * * this is not an offer to buy insurance products , but merely a confidential informational inquiry . accordingly , lifenet imarketing group , llc . is not hereby endorsing or recommending any specific insurance company , coverage or policy type . * * * lifenet imarketing group , llc . is an independent information gathering firm . all information submitted is strictly confidential , and is transferred to licensed insurance professionals in your state of residence who will contact you and return your completed quote directly . * * * * to be removed from any further communications from lifenet imarketing group , llc . please click here and type remove in the subject field . copyright 1997 lifenet imarketing group , llc . the information contained in this email message may not be published , broadcast , rewritten , or otherwise distributed without the express written consent of lifenet imarketing group , llc .
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 80,""Subject: infoseek ultimate ; new features , same site design
  
  infoseek user : the infoseek coporation has released infoseek ultimate ; this is the same great infoseek you have grown to love , but it is even better ! more features , more services ( such as free email accounts ! ! ) , and best of all it is easier to use . you are invited to visit infoseek ultimate by following the instructions below . please follow them carefully , as visiting the standard """" infoseek . com """" address will not display infoseek ultimate . 1 . visit infoseek ultimate 's newest sponser """" jim carrey world """" at """" http : / / www . jimcarreyworld . com """" . 2 . at the bottom of the """" jim carrey world """" main page , there will be a banner graphic for standard infoseek . click on the banner to be redirected to infoseek ultimate . again , you must follow the above instructions in order to access infoseek ultimate . infoseek ultimate will not be available at the standard """" infoseek . com """" domain until mid - june . basically , you are getting a """" sneak peek """" of the future of infoseek . thank you for using infoseek ( & infoseek ultimate ) , john waltrip , infoseek promotions jwaltrip @ infoseek . com
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 81,""Subject: $ name
  
  nlpeople my 12 year old can make money with this software ! and she is ! free download at : http : / / members . tripod . com / ~ business _ opps _ 2 / psa1 . htm
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 82,""Subject: l @ @ k , we have all your needs < advertise today ! !
  
  100 , 000 e - mail addresses for only $ 20 , please call about other products too ! such as , express mail server for $ 150 . 00 , gold rush for $ 300 . 00 , and much more ! ! this message was brought to you by express mail server for your own copy of express mail server contact : 1-888 - 398-9866 100 , 000 e - mail addresses for only $ 20 . 00 brand new fresh e - mail addresses sound like a great deal ? order below 100 , 000 e - mail addresses only $ 20 . 00 200 , 000 e - mail addresses only $ 35 . 00 300 , 000 e - mail addresses only $ 45 . 00 400 , 000 e - mail addresses only $ 55 . 00 500 , 000 e - mail addresses only $ 60 . 00 custom targeted addresses available call us for current pricing ! * * * * * * * * * * can't do the mailings yourself ? * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * let us do your e - mailings for you , trial prices only ! we are now excepting 10 more new accounts ! ! 100 , 000 mailings only $ 50 . 00 . . . . . . . . . . call us for details 200 , 000 mailings only $ 75 . 00 . . . . . . . . . . call us for details 300 , 000 mailings only $ 125 . 00 . . . . . . . . call us for details * * * * * long term prices start at 1 . 2 million emails for only $ 400 . 00 * * * * order now ! ! call for the advertising too ! ! ! ! ! call 1-888 - 398-9866 ( this is an unlimited call toll number ) we can even offer you an unlimited toll free number for only $ 30 . 00 a month ! ! please include your e-mail address to receive the addresses ! ! ! ! ! * * * we accept visa / mastercard * * * thank you , worldwide marketing inc .
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 83,""Subject: your free info .
  
  dear nlpeople , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - we were recently given your email address as someone who may be interested in exciting new opportunities . if this is an error , and you are no longer interested , please hit reply , and type remove in the subject line , and you will be removed immediately from our database . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - please , please do yourself the biggest favor of your life and keep this letter until you have the time to read it carefully . you already took the time to go through your mail to decide what to keep ( and what to throw away ) , and this just may be what you ' ve been looking for all your life . do n't risk losing what could be your best chance at real security and happiness by assuming anything at this point . please read this entire letter very carefully before you make any rash judgments . we promise that you ' ll thank us for it later ! how ' s life been treating you ? * do you have enough money in the bank to support yourself and your family for a year ( or more ) if you were to lose your job ? * could you survive a major unexpected expense without going deeper in debt or filing bankruptcy ? * can you afford a nice vacation every year without floating a loan ? * do you have a realistic and affordable way to earn a second cash income in excess of $ 200 , 000 per year ? if you would like to answer yes to any or all of these questions , then you need respond with the subject """" big money """" , because we ' re going to give you a large dose of genuine honesty and explain how you can easily and substantially improve your financial outlook . thank you and god bless opportunity shop online
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 84,""Subject: success guaranteed ! ! !
  
  our research indicates the following material may be of interest to you . if you prefer not to learn the easy way to make some much needed income , please , simply delete this letter . to further insure you do not get email of this nature , there are a couple universal """" remove """" lists you can subscribe to on the internet . i filter all email addresses that i send to against such a """" remove """" list of over 1 , 000 , 000 subscribers . please accept my apology if this was sent to you in error ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * you are about to make at least $ 50 , 000 - in less than 90 days . read the enclosed program . . . then read it again ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dear friend , the enclosed information is something i almost let slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . my name is paul campo . i am 23 yrs . old and presently a tennis instructor . i graduated 1 1 / 2 years ago from rutgers university with a psychology degree . not wanting to pursue with my major of study , i started interviewing with various companies . i was accepted / rejected at many different places , mainly insurance and storkbroking companies . every place basically said the same thing . . . . . you will have to work 60-80 hours a week intially with little pay and to write down every person that i know so that i could make them possible future clients . in no way am i a lazy person , however , i am very motivated when i believe in what i am doing . i had no interest in these careers . what would be ideal for me is to delay my career for a little while so that i could pursue my own goals and dreams i had set for myself for as long as i can remember . i want to travel around the would and play some smaller professional tennis tournaments . the one problem with this is . . . . . . . . . . . . . money ! . . . . . . . . . . to make a long story short , because of this program , this year , will be going to austrailia , california , florida and missouri for a mouth a piece to play the tennis ciruit . i figure this will all cost me about $ 10-12000 which is easily affordable for me now . because i took a $ 20 """" risk """" , i now have a chance to pursue my dreams . i ' m happy as a clam . i received this program via e-mail . all of the programs i had received in the past , in my opinion , were not cost effective . they were ethier too diffcult for me to comprehend or the initial investment was too much for me to risk to see if they worked out or not . even though i was still skeptical , thinging this to be one of the many scam multi-level """" opportunities """" , i figured $ 20 won't break me and i can throwthis little amount away for that slim chance of making lots of money . but , wait a second . i believe i am an intelligent person and if someone like myself would go for this """" scam """" , i think many people would think the same way i do . even if it did ' t work out , i figured that i would at least get my money back . but like i was saying , in september of 1997 , i received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off of a mailing list . thank goodness for that ! ! ! after reading it several times , to make sure i was reading it correctly , i could n't believe my eyes . after detrerminging that the program is legal and not a chain letter , i decided """" why not """" initially i sent 10 , 000 e-mails . the great thing about e-mail is that i did n't need any money for printing to send out the program . i am telling you like it is . i hope it does n't turn you off but i promised myself i would not rip anyone off . in less than one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by october 13th , i had received 26 orders for report # 1 . when you read the guarntee in the program you will see that """" you must receive 15 to 20 orders for report # 1 within 2 weeks , if you don ' t send outmore programs until you do ! """" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in 20to 90 days was done . by november 30th , i had received 196 orders for report # 2 . if you go back to the guarantee . """" you must receive 100 ormore orders for report # 2 within two weeks . if not send out more programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goal """" . well , i had 196 orders for report # 2 , 96 more than i need . so i sat back and relax . by january19th , of my emailing of 10 , 000 people , i received $ 58 , 000 with more coming in everyday . please take time to read the attached program . it will change your life forever ! remember , it won't work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it excatly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place . it does n't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! report # 2 explains this . always follow the guarantee , 15 to 20 orders of report # 1 and 100 or more orders of report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or morein 20 to 90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i ' m sorry , it reallyis a great opportunity with little cost of risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to finanial security . sincerely , paul campo $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the direction , then read it again ! ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven itsability to generate large amounts of this program is showing fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go to the bank ! this truly is that lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow the easy instruction in this letter , and your financial dreams will come true ! when followed correctly , this electronic , multi-level marketing programworks perfectly . . . 100 % every time ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , car , etc . , - even retire ! this is your chance , so do n't pass it up ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary electronic multi-level marketing program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - basically , this is what we do : we send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that cost next to nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level bussiness by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new multi-level business on-line ( via your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial reports cost $ 5 . 00 each . each ordrer you receive via """" snail mail """" will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they ordered . to fill each other , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the most easiest electronic multi-level marketingbusiness anywhere ! follow the instructiions to the letter andbe prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * * instruction * * * * * * * * this what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if you do n't order them ) . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose > name appers on the list next to the report . * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save them on your computer and resell them . * within a few days you will receive , via e-mail , each of the four reports . save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send to the 1 , 000 's people who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of people who are listed next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in step """" a """" through """" d """" oryou will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way thisworks , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , replace the name andaddress under report # 1 with your name and address , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . c . move the name and address that was under report # 2 down to report # 3 . d . move the name and address that was under report # 3 down to report # 4 . e . the name and address that was under report # 4 is removed from the list and has no doubt collected their 50 grand . please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address accurately ! ! ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no change to the instruction portion of this letter . 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the world wide web ! advertising on the web is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . another avenue which you coulduse for advertising is e-mail lists . you can buy these list for under $ 20 / 2 , 000 addresses or you can pay someone a minimal chage to takecare of it for you . be sure to start your ad campaign > immediately ! 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they sent out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > ailable reports > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report - always send your order via first class mail - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least twosheets of paper - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e - mail address , and ( c ) your postal address . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - report # 1 """" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multilevel sales """" order report # 1 from : soloman ng 1025 mckay dr . apt # 37 san jose , ca 95131 usa - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - report # 2 """" major corporations and multilevel sales """" order report # 2 from : pcc po box 3535 margate , nj 08402 usa - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - report # 3 """" sources for the best mailing list """" order report # 3 from : cunningham marketing po box 3556 farmington hills , mi 48333-3556 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > report # 4 """" evaluating multilevel sales plans """" order report # 4 from : dare2succeed po box 30306 bethesda , md 20824-0306 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - here ' s how this amaziing plan will make you $ money $ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also assume that everyone else in your orginization getsonly 10 down line members . follow this example to achieve the staggering result below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . $ 5000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - $ 55 , 550 ! remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they > got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think about it ! your cost to participate in this practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 for a chance to make $ 55 , 000 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 3 shows you the most productive methods for bulk e-mailing and purchasing e-mailing list . some list & bulk e-mail vendors even work on trade ! about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the direction accurately . * send for the four reports immidiately so you will have them whenthe orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , section 255 and 436 , which state that """" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . """" * always provide same-day service on the order you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself amd know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mail and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! note : if you need help with starting a business , registering a business name , how income tax is handled , etc . , contact your local office of the small business administration ( a federal agency ) for free help and answers to questions . also , the internet revenue service offers free help via telephone and free seminars about business taxes . in addition , if you want to get a free web site and want to make money with it , here is what you are looking for . http : / / members . spree . com / yamfung / * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it works . it really is a great oppotunity to make relatively easy money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . sean mclaughlin , jackson , msmy name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving """" junk mail . """" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population and percentage involed . i """" knew """" it would n't work . doris totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old """" i told you so """" on her when the thing did n't work . . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days shehad received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would ' t work . i am a believer now . i have joined doris in her """" hobby """" . i did have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the """" rat race """" and it 's not for me . we owe it all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , mdi just want to pass along my best wishes and encouragement to you . any doubts you havev will vanish when your first orders come in . i even checked with the u . s . post office to verify that the plan was legal . it definiely is ! it works ! ! ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me serveral weeks to make up my mind to participate in the plan . but conservative that i am , i decided that i would ' t get enough orders to at lease get my money back . boy , was i suprised when i found my medium-size post office box crammed with orders ! for a while , it got so overloaded that i had to start pickingup my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't matter where in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i woundered if i should n't have given it a try . of cause , i had no idea who to contact to get another copy , so i had to wait until i was e-mailed another program . 11 month passed then it came . . . . i did ' t delete this one ! . . . . i made more than $ 41 , 000 on the first try ! ! wilburn , muncie , in this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden oppotunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , waa order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! ! ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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 85,""Subject: dr . tina s . alster , cosmetic laser surgery , www . skinlaser . com
  
  this is a one time mailing , if you are not interested , simply hit """" delete . """" the essential guide to cosmetic laser surgery : click here . tina s . alster , m . d . is the founding director of the washington institute of dermatologic laser surgery . she is a lecturer in dermatology at harvard medical school and clinical assistant professor of dermatology and pediatrics at georgetown university medical center . recognized as one of the nation 's leading practitioners of dermatologic laser surgery , in this book she reveals the revolutionary new way to erase wrinkles , age spots , scars , birthmarks , moles and tattoos - - and how not to get burned in the process . a must read for anyone considering cosmetic laser surgery . click here . thank you for your time . michael h . stokes information technology consultant washington institute of dermatologic laser surgery
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 86,""Subject: last chance
  
  if you wish to be removed , reply with """" remove """" as the subject . the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence programs for your ibm pc or compatible and also for macintosh . you can watch them , talk to them , ask them questions , tell them secrets , and relate with them . watch them as you ask them to take off different clothes and guide them through many different activities . watch and participate in the hottest sexual activities available on computer , including : several sexual positions , using many unique toys , even bringing in multiple partners . this is no doubt one of the most realistic , sexually stimulating computer games available . they will remember your name , birthday , your likes and your dislikes . every time you start the program , they say different things , and act differently . each time , they have a different personality . with the vga digital graphics , the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend software have some of the hottest , sexiest graphics out there . and with a soundblaster or compatible card , you can actually hear their voice as they talk to you . this is the first adult software title that was designed for both heterosexual and homosexual people . i would like you to try the actual full copy out before it is put on the market . it will be sold for 1 / 5 of the actual price ( $ 10 . 00 ) until i can get back some information on what people think of the program . please give it a try and write back any comments . thank you . if you are interested and would like to order a copy , then you can read the mailing instructions below . it comes in an unmarked package and you are not put on any mailing lists whatsoever , guaranteed . it will run on any 386 , 486 or higher , and 100 % ibm compatibles . required is vga graphics , and a hard drive . the sound card is optional . macintosh requires at least 4 meg of ram . virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence programs , meaning they are completely interactive . it would be just like if you were talking to someone . you can actually have simple conversations . their attitudes change with the different things you say , so you can say things that will upset them , and then say things that will please them . the more you play / talk with them , the more you learn what they can do , and what they like to do . it really is a blast . with all these movies coming out about virtual reality , it 's amazing to actually have a virtual reality program like this for your own computer . it 's easy to install , and instructions are easy to follow . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ special software offer ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this is to inform you about the new adult game that vcs magazine rated """" the best game of """" 97 """" . """" the search for paradise is no doubt one of the greatest xxx adult games available """" . the first games where it is as much fun as it is a turn on ! travel the world to every continent , every country you can think of , and meet some of the most beautiful women in existence . these women will treat you like a king and obey your every command . any sexual wish you can think of , these women know it all . there is a different paradise for every guy out there , and this game will have them all . this game uses real models , digital video , and digital sound to make it as realistic as possible . you will feel like you ' re in the same room as the girl you ' re talking to ! ! ! as an added bonus you ' ll receive """" club celebrity x """" meet , talk to and even have your way with the celebrities of your choice . imagine being in a club with some very beautiful , well known , actual celebrities ! you have seen these girls on t . v . , magazines and billboard ads . now they are on your computer begging for action . this game is hot and once you start playing , you won't be able to stop ! ! ! ~ required : 386 or better , 4 meg ram or better , windows 3 . 1 or higher ( win95 is fine ) , sound card is optional , rom is optional . ( game is given either cd - rom or compressed 3 . 5 """" diskettes ) . ~ ~ $ 19 . 95 ! order now and get everything for just $ 24 . 95 ! ! ! ! at your request , the programs can come with a password protection utility that only allows the program to run when the correct password is entered . ( you must be 18 or over to purchase ) please fill out the following form and mail it to the address above . ( feel free to write out the order form by hand ) send payment to : bruce nichols 2155 verdugo blvd . # 522 montrose , ca 91020 your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do you have an ibm ( ) or mac ( ) ? cd rom ( ) or disks ( ) ? ( ) virtual girdfriend or ( ) boyfriend for $ 10 . 00 ( ) * both just $ 15 . 95 ( ) the search for paradise and club celebrity x for $ 19 . 95 ( ) everything ! ! ! the search for paradise , club celebrity x , virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend . > > > > all for just $ 24 . 95
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 87,""Subject: do n't just orbit in cyberspace , skyrocket !
  
  launch your online sales into a new stratosphere of growth $ $ $ $ $ . for free . sign up now and get 48 hours of free , no charge access to our sampler database of over 9 million targeted / mass mail friendly email addresses . 100 % risk free offer to you . click _ now
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 88,""Subject: re : information requested
  
  hi , my name is john and i ' m 27 years old . last year i was able to make $ 2 million working out of my home , and i 'd like to share with you how i did it . please take a few moments out of your busy life and listen to a short message that will tell you how ! call and listen to it , now at 1-800 - 764-6203 it could change your life !
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 89,""Subject: guess who ? ! ? - oqth
  
  http : / / www . lovemenow . com the material on this server is adult oriented and / or sexually explicit , and is related to material of an adult nature . this site provides access to images of nude adults possibly engaging in sexual acts . access is made available only to those who accept the terms of the following agreement : by accepting this agreement , i certify the following : i do not find images of nude adults , adults engaged in sexual acts , or other sexual material to be offensive or objectionable . i am at least 18 years of age and have the legal right to possess adult material in my community . i understand the standards and laws of the community , site and computer to which i am transporting this material , and am solely responsible for my actions . i am not , nor have i ever been employed by a law enforcement agency . i will not attempt to by-pass any security and / or access feature at this site . if i use these services in violation of the above agreement , i understand i may be in violation of local and / or federal laws and am solely responsible for my actions . by logging on , i will have released and discharged the providers , owners and creators of this site from any and all liability which might arise . bookmarking to a page on this server / site whereby this warning page is by-passed shall constitute an implicit acceptance of the foregoing terms herein set forth . http : / / www . lovemenow . com http : / / www . lovemenow . com / cgi-bin / index . pl get you free 3 day trial membership now !
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 90,""Subject: on - line sales leads
  
  are you looking for pre-qualified sales leads ? do you want to increase your sales without spending a fortune on advertising that doesn t work , or killing yourself cold-calling ? the lead generator , at www . leadgenerator . com has real sales leads that can help you grow your business . the lead generator is not a mailing list , though , or some place to waste your precious advertising dollars . rather , the lead generator is a patented new online service that actually generates real , high-quality sales leads for your business . no matter what you re selling , the lead generator can help you find qualified prospects who are ready , willing and able to buy 24 hours a day . you save time and money ; reduce cold-calling , advertising , telemarketing , and all of the aggravation , cost and effort that goes with selling . increase your sales , find new markets , identify new prospects , and increase your market share while you reduce your selling costs , shorten your sell-cycle and waste less time and money on unqualified prospects . and the more you use the system , the more leads you ll get . to find out more , aim your web browser to http : / / www . leadgenerator . com on - line sales leads from the lead generator . it s like having someone do all the work for you ! jeff
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 91,""Subject: ad : rate increase
  
  save hundreds of dollars per month on your home mortgage or rent payment and other household expenses ! go to : http : / / www . equitybuilder . net offer ends soon !
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 92,""Subject: pardon the intrusion but you may want to read the following
  
  / / pardon the intrusion , but you may want to read the following : / / hello ! my name is karen liddell ; i ' m a 35 - year-old mom , wife , and part-time accountant . as a rule , i delete all unsolicited """" junk """" e-mail and use my account primarily for business . i received what i assumed was this same e-mail countless times and deleted it each time . about two months ago i received it again and , because of the catchy subject line , i finally read it . afterwards , i thought , """" ok , i give in , i ' m going to try this . i can certainly afford to invest $ 20 and , on the other hand , there 's nothing wrong with creating a little excess cash . """" i promptly mailed four $ 5 bills and , after receiving the reports , paid a friend of mine a small fee to send out some e-mail advertisements for me . after reading the reports , i also learned how easy it is to bulk e-mail for free ! i was not prepared for the results . every day for the last six weeks , my p . o . box has been overflowing with $ 5 bills ; many days the excess fills up an extra mail bin and i ' ve had to upgrade to the corporate-size box ! i am stunned by all the money that keeps rolling in ! my husband and i have been saving for several years to make a substantial downpayment on a house . now , not only are we purchasing a house with 40 % down , we ' re going to venice , italy to celebrate ! i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be prepared to eventually set aside about an hour each day to follow up ( and count your money ! ) , you will make at least as much money as we did . if you can open an envelope , remove the money , and send an e-mail message , then you ' re on your way to thebank . take the time to read this so you ' ll understand how easy it is . if i can do this , so can you ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * print this now for future reference * * * the following income opportunity is one you may be interested in taking a look at . it can be started with very little investment and the income return is tremendous ! ! ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ you are about to make at least $ 50 , 000 in less than 90 days ! please read the enclosed program . . . then read it again ! ! ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legitimate , legal , money making opportunity . it does not require you to come into contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house except to get the mail . if you believe that someday you ' ll get that big break that you ' ve been waiting for , this is it ! simply follow the instructions , and your dream will come true . this multi-level e-mail order marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time . e - mail is the sales tool of the future . take advantage of this non-commercialized method of advertising now ! ! ! the longer you wait , the more people will be doing business using e-mail . get your piece of this action ! ! ! multi-level marketing ( mlm ) has finally gained respectability . it is being taught in the harvard business school , and both stanford research and the wall street journal have stated that between 50 % and 65 % of all goods and services will be sold through multi-level methods by the mid to late 1990 's . this is a multi - billion dollar industry and of the 500 , 000 millionaires in the u . s . , 20 % ( 100 , 000 ) made their fortune in the last several years in mlm . moreover , statistics show 45 people become millionaires everyday through multi - level marketing . the enclosed information is something i almost let slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . my name is christopher erickson . two years ago , the corporation i worked at for the past twelve years down-sized and my position was eliminated . after unproductive job interviews , i decided to open my own business . over the past year , i incured many unforeseen financial problems . i owed my family , friends and creditors over $ 35 , 000 . the economy was taking a toll on my business and i just could n't seem to make ends meet . i had to refinance and borrow against my home to support my family and struggling business . at that moment something significant happend in my life and i am writing to share the experience in hopes that this will change your life forever financially ! ! ! in mid december , i received this program via e-mail . six month 's prior to receiving this program i had been sending away for information on various business opportunities . all of the programs i received , in my opinion , were not cost effective . they were either too difficult for me to comprehend or the initial investment was too much for me to risk to see if they would work or not . one claimed that i would make a million dollars in one year . . . it did n't tell me i 'd have to write a book to make it ! but like i was saying , in december of 1995 i received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off a mailing list . thank goodness for that ! ! ! after reading it several times , to make sure i was reading it correctly , i could n't believe my eyes . here was a money making phenomenon . i could invest as much as i wanted to start , without putting me further into debt . after i got a pencil and paper and figured it out , i would at least get my money back . after determining the program was legal and not a chain letter , i decided """" why not . """" initially i sent out 10 , 000 e-mails . it cost me about $ 15 . 00 for my time on-line . the great thing about e-mail is that i do n't need any money for printing to send out the program , only the cost to fulfill my orders . i am telling you like it is , i hope it does n't turn you off , but i promised myself that i would not """" rip-off """" anyone , no matter how much money it cost me ! in less than one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by january 13 , i had received 26 orders for report # 1 . when you read the guarantee in the program , you will see that """" you must receive 15-20 orders for report # 1 within 2 weeks . if you don ' t , send out more programs until you do ! """" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in 20-90 days was done . by january 30 , i had received 196 orders for report # 2 . if you go back to the guarantee , """" you must receive 100 + orders for report # 2 within 2 weeks . if not , send out more programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goal """" well , i had 196 orders for report # 2 , 96 more than i needed . so i sat back and relaxed . by march 19 , of my e-mailing of 10 , 000 , i received $ 58 , 000 with more coming in every day . i paid off all my debts and bought a much needed new car . please take time to read the attatched program , it will change your life forever ! ! ! remember , it won't work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place . it won't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! report # 2 explains this . always follow the guarantee , 15-20 orders for report # 1 , and 100 + orders for report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or more in 20-90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i am sorry . it really is a great opportunity with little cost or risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to financial security . if you are a fellow business owner and are if financial trouble like i was , or you want to start your own business , consider this a sign . i did ! sincerely , christopher erickson p . s . do you have any idea what 11 , 700 $ 5 bills ( $ 58 , 000 ) look like piled up on a kitchen table ? it ' s awesome ! a personal note from the orginator of this program : by the time you have read the enclosed program and reports , you should have concluded that such a program , and one that is legal , could not have been created by an amateur . let me tell you a little about myself . i had a profitable business for 10 years . then in 1979 my business began falling off . i was doing the same things that were previously successfull for me , but it was n't working . finally , i figured it out . it was n't me , it was the economy . inflation and recession had replaced the stable economy that had been with us since 1945 . i do n't have to tell you what happend to the unemployment rate . . . because many of you know from first hand experience . there were more failures and bankruptcies than ever before . the middle class was vanishing . those who knew what they were doing invested wisely and moved up . those who did not , including those who never had anything to save or invest , were moving down into the ranks of the poor . as the saying goes , """" the rich get richer and the poor get poorer . """" the traditional methods of making money will never allow you to """" move up """" or """" get rich """" , inflation will see to that . you have just received information that can give you financial freedom for the rest of your life , with """" no risk """" and """" just a little bit of effort . """" you can make more money in the next few months than you have ever imagined . i should also point out that i will not see a penny of this money , nor anyone else who has provided a testimonial for this program . i have already made over 4 million dollars ! i have retired from the program after sending out over 16 , 000 programs . now i have several offices that make this and several other programs here and over seas . by the spring we wish to market the """" internet """" by a partnership with america on line . follow the program exactly as instructed . do not change it in any way . it works exceedingly well as it is now . remember to e-mail a copy of this exciting report to everyone you can think of . one of the people you send this to may send out 50 , 000 . . . and your name will be on everyone of them ! remember though , the more you send out the more potential customers you will reach . so my friend , i have given you the ideas , information , materials and opportunity to become financially independent , it is up to you now ! """" think about it """" before you delete this program from your mailbox , as i almost did , take a little time to read it and really think about it . get a pencil and figure out what could happen when you participate . figure out the worst possible response and no matter how you calculate it , you will still make a lot of money ! you will definitely get back what you invested . any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . it works ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc here ' s how this amazing program will make you $ $ $ $ $ let 's say that you decide to start small , just to see how it goes , and we ' ll assume you and all those involved send out only 2 , 000 programs each . let 's also assume that the mailing receives a 0 . 5 % response . using a good list the response could be much better . also many people will send out hundreds of thousands of programs instead of 2 , 000 . but continuing with this example , you send out only 2 , 000 programs . with a 0 . 5 % response , that is only 10 orders for report # 1 . those 10 people respond by sending out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 20 , 000 . out of those 0 . 5 % , 100 people respond and order report # 2 . those 100 mail out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 200 , 000 . the 0 . 5 % response to that is 1 , 000 orders for report # 3 . those 1 , 000 send out 2 , 000 programs each for a 2 , 000 , 000 total . the 0 . 5 % response to that is 10 , 000 orders for report # 4 . that 's 10 , 000 $ 5 bills for you . cash ! ! ! your total income in this example is $ 50 + $ 500 + $ 5 , 000 + $ 50 , 000 for a total of $ 55 , 550 ! ! ! remember friend , this is assuming 1 , 990 out of the 2 , 000 people you mail to will do absolutely nothing and trash this program ! dare to think for a moment what would happen if everyone , or half sent out 100 , 000 programs instead of 2 , 000 . believe me , many people will do just that , and more ! by the way , your cost to participate in this is practically nothing . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 3 will show you the best methods for bulk e-mailing and obtaining e-mail lists . instructions : we at erris mail order marketing businesses , have a method of raising capital that really works 100 % everytime . i am sure that you could use $ 50 , 000 to $ 125 , 000 in the next 20-90 days . before you say """" bull . . . """" , please read this program carefully . this is not a chain letter , but a perfectly legal money making opportunity . basically , this is what you do : as with all multi-level business , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the usa allows you to recruit new multi-level business partners , and we offer a product for every dollar sent . your orders come and are filled through the mail , so you are not involved in personal selling . you do it privately in your own home , store or office . this is the greatest multi - level mail order marketing anywhere : step ( 1 ) order all four ( 4 ) reports listed by name and number . do this by ordering the report from each of the four ( 4 ) names listed on the next page . for each report , send $ 5 cash and a self-addressed stamped envelope ( business size # 10 ) to the person listed for the specific report . international orders should also include $ 1 extra for postage . it is essential that you specify the name and number of the report requested to the person you are ordering it from . you will need all four ( 4 ) reports because you will be reprinting and reselling them . do not alter the names or sequence other than what the instructions say . important : always provide same-day service on all orders . step ( 2 ) replace the name and address under report # 1 with your 's , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . drop the name and address under report # 2 to report # 3 , moving the one that was there to report # 4 . the name and the address that was under report # 4 is dropped from the list and this party is no doubt on the way to the bank . when doing this , make certain you type the names and addresses accurately ! ! ! do not mix up moving product / report positions ! ! ! step ( 3 ) having made the requested changes in the name list , save it as text ( . txt ) file in it 's own directory to be used with whatever e-mail program you like . again , report # 3 will tell you the best methods of bulk e-mailing and acquiring e-mail lists . step ( 4 ) e - mail a copy of the entire program ( all of this is very important ) to everyone whose address you can get your hands on . start with friends and relatives since you can encourage them to take advantage of this fabulous money-making opportunity . that 's what i did . and they love me now , more than ever . then , e-mail to anyone and everyone ! use your imagination ! you can get e-mail addresses from companies on the internet who specialize in e-mail mailing lists . these are very cheap , 100 , 000 addresses for around $ 35 . important : you won't get a good response if you use an old list , so always request a fresh , new list . you will find out where to purchase these lists when you order the four ( 4 ) reports . always provide same-day service on all orders ! ! ! required reports : * * * order each report by number and name * * * always send a self-addressed , stamped envelope and $ 5 cash for each order requesting the specific report by name and number . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """" order report # 1 from : angel ann enterprises p . o . box 668292 charlotte , n . c . 28266-8292 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """" major corporations and multi-level sales """" order report # 2 from : m . l . m . 3069 alamo dr . suite 178 vacaville , ca . 95687-6344 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """" sources for the best mailing lists """" order report # 3 from : c . e . e . p . o . box 5145 framingham , ma 01701-5145 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """" evaluating multi-level sales plans """" order report # 4 from : m . j . k . p . o . box 30821 seattle , wa 98103-0821 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conclusion : i am enjoying my fortune that i made by sending out this program . you too , will be making money in 20-90 days , if you follow the simple steps outlined in this mailing . to be financially independent is to be free . free to make financial decisions as never before . go into business , get into investments , retire or take a vacation . no longer will a lack of money hold you back . however , very few people reach financial independence , because when opportunity knocks , they choose to ignore it . it is much easier to say """" no """" than """" yes """" , and this the question that you must answer . will you ignore this amazing opportunity or will you take advantage of it ? if you do nothing , you have indeed missed something and nothing will change . please re-read this material , this is a special opportunity . if you have any questions , please feel free to write to the sender of this information . you will get a prompt and informative reply . my method is simple . i sell thousands of people a product for $ 5 that cost me pennies to produce and e-mail . i should also point out that this program is legal and everyone who participates will make money . this is not a chain letter or a pyramid scam . at times you probably received chain letters , asking you to send money , on faith , but getting nothing in return , no product what-so - ever ! not only are chain lettters illegal , but the risk of someone breaking the chain makes them quite unattractive . you are offering a legitimate product to your people . after they purchase the product from you , they reproduce more and resell them . it 's simple free enterprise . as you learned from the enclosed material , the product is a series of four ( 4 ) financial and business reports . the information contained in these reports will not only help you in making your participation in this program more rewarding , but will be useful to you in any other business decisions you make in the years ahead . you are also buying the rights to reprint all of the reports , which will be ordered from you by those to whom you mail this program . the concise one and two page reports you will be buying can easily be reproduced at a local copy center for a cost of about 3 cents a copy . best wishes with the program and good luck ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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 93,""Subject: defend yourself against criminals
  
  would you be able to defend yourself if attacked on the street ? ? ? hello - most people could n't answer that question with any confidence . with todays crime rate and drug abuse problem , it 's a question that everyone needs to ask themselves . crime statistics from the bureau of justice state that : - 25 % of violent crimes occur at or near the victim 's home - 14 % at school and 12 % at commercial establishments ( stores ) - a woman is raped every 2 minutes in america - 1 out of every 4 rapes takes place in a public area or a parking garage . - 23 % reported being involved with a leisure activity at the time they were victimized . - 21 % reported they were at work or traveling to or from work when the crime occurred . as you can see , a violent crime can happen to anyone at any time regardless of where you live or work . these crimes consisted of assault , robbery , carjacking , rape and murder . based on these statistics , it 's almost guaranteed that you will be the victim of a violent crime at some point in your life . will you react ? ? ? ? i ' ve been studying the martial arts for fifteen years and have been an instructor for thirteen of them . i ' ve been fortunate enough to have studied under some of the best instructors in the country . i currently have a black belt in kenpo karate and have studied tae kwan do , kung fu and i am currently studying hapkido and isfa shootfighting . my video , """" a chance to escape """" , will show you how to defend yourself against the seven most common types of attacks on the street . i will show you self defense techniques that anyone from ages eight to eighty can learn and use to defend themselves . these techniques are quick and easy to learn and can be the difference between life or death if you are attacked on the street . my video uses easy to understand terms for younger children . this video is a must for any college student ( male or female ) . the techniques in this video are not only good for self defense but for building confidence when out in public . senior citizens and middle age adults will gain the most benefit from this video . it will also give you helpful hints on how to carry packages and purses so they won't get taken , how to avoid looking like a victim , and how to use common objects as weapons to fend off even the most aggressive attacker . with so many self defense videos on the market , it is about time that there was one made for people who want one simple and effective so they can actually use the techniques within minutes of learning them . the best part is that you won't have to study karate for fifteen years in order to do these techniques . just a few short minutes and you will understand how effective you can be . when it comes right down to it , you are your own best judge as to whether you feel safe or not . my video will help you to feel that you have an edge on anyone who may try to attack you . it 's impossible to know when or where a violent crime will happen and the last thing you want to be is the victim . this video gives you the chance you need to react and avoid becoming a victim . all you really need is """" a chance to escape . """" to order my video """" a chance to escape """" send check or money order in u . s . funds only for $ 19 . 95 + ( $ 4 . 95 s / h ) to : escape enterprises llc p . o . box 1657 meriden , ct . 06451 sorry , no cod 's . please allow 2 - 3 weeks for delivery . do n't be a victim - fight back k
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 94,""Subject: strike when the iron is hot !
  
  hello my name is wayne , if you are like me , you are probably needing to earn some extra income . i think this will help . learn the secret to earning money through the internet . i am now earning a very healthy income after only 90 days , from the comforts of my home , and you can to . * no meetings to attend ! * no selling ! * no products to stock ! * free web site ! * free fax on demand ! * company advertises and sponsors for you ! * do not have to depend on friends & family ! * 250 , 000 card deck mailings monthly ! * 170 , 000 full color brochures sent ! * proven 1 . 6 million visited web page ! * no headaches , no hassles , no work ! what this program is not ! * not a chain letter * not a pyramid scheme * not making phone calls * not contacting people * not peddling products * not a scam , con or trick please take a minute and visit our web site . > from there scroll to the bottom and click on the banner . click here i apologize for the inconvenience , for this was not my intentions . thank you , wayne to be removed from our mailing list please click here
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 95,""Subject: thief - proofing a car
  
  thief - proofing a car peripheral connections proves it can be done peripheral connection ( otcbb : pepo ) has made the world a safer place - at least if you are a car or own one . pepc 's wholly-owned subsidiary skynet 2001 has tested and proven its leading-edge technology which seamlessly marries global positioning and gsm digital cellular with a proprietay vecta in-vehicle motor - management control system - to totally thief-proof vulnerable trucks , high risk vans , and cars . skynet 2001 is tomorrow 's technology today . it wraps a vehicle in an invisible """" net ' of radio , electrical , electronic , mechanical , ultrasonic , telematics , and ever-watching satellite protection that spans continents . a lone driver attacked in an isolated spot anywhere is protected within 25 seconds - automatically skynet """" sees """" and """" hears """" a driver , vehicle , or its load under attack , or in a crash - and alerts emergency services . stealing keys is fruitless , the system remotely immobilizes the motor . operating by satellite and mobile phone , it """" sees """" a thief , hijacker , or crash in action . its control center talks to a thief in the act , through the vehicle 's telephone , saying he is being """" watched """" and reported , or in the event of an accident , it will tell a trapped driver and passengers that help is on the way while safely immobilizing the vehicle 's electrics and fuel supply . it also has many more applications , track-monitoring children , precious items , heavy duty plant and machinery , valuable cargo - even the movement of prisoners . = 46or more information on both the skynet product and peripheral connection 's exciting new speculative growth opportunities by e-mail hit reply with """" sky """" in the subject line or fax the following information for a free report . yes , please send me more information about skynet 2001 and peripheral connections . name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax to : 619-839 - 3687
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 96,""Subject: hi !
  
  * * * this is not spam ! * * * my name is matthew . i make a habit of deleting mail i have not yet read , as i ' m sure you do also . please read this one though , you might find this interesting . i recently lost my high paying job from a major computer corporation due to their loss of a major contract . they messed up , but that whole dep ' t of 15 people including myself are hung out to dry . corporate america at it 's finest . i have not had luck yet finding another job , as my skills were very specific to that company and not really worth anything to another company . during the time i worked there , i also bought and sold real estate like those guys on tv . ( yes , you can do that and make it work for you too ) the key is i made it work . i was fairly successful until the """" nightmare on pleasant st . """" as my freinds and i call it . . . i lost most of my money in that one bad deal and i was no longer financially secure and i relied heavily on my income from my former job . as you ' ve already heard , i lost that too and i started to look for other things i could make money to help me get back on my feet . so , i started to read all of the junk that people have mailed to me . let me tell you , i can't beleive some of the things out there . . . what a waste of time . until i saw this . hold on . i know you are ( like i was ) ready to stop reading right here . i implore you not to . i ( like you ) am not some non-educated fool . i have made much money for myself in real estate , which is not an easy business . i am a rather competent business man . at least finish reading this until the end . * * better still : print this letter and read it in comfort over , and over here is what i saw . . . * i only needed $ 20 extra dollars to try this * this is making money for people who at lease tried a little , so why not me too ? in desparation , i sent the four 5 dollar bills and got the reports . as i always have , i made this work for me too . i took much time and effort to learn about e-mail ( which is a great and free tool ! ! ) and how to send lots of it . now , 19 days after my first mailing of this , i have received roughly 8 , 450 responses . ( trust me , when my fiance ` saw 8 , 450 5 dollar bills on the kitchen table , she no longer laughed at me for trying this ) i wrote a report of my own showing step by step how to do the same which i will give to you for free as a helping hand so we can all continue this success . i will show you every step of cutting , pasting , editing this letter to include your name and address , etc . here is my special offer to help you . . . . as long as my address , basquiat at the evanston po box is on the list below i will send the step-by - step instructions and 100 , 000 e-mail addresses to anyone who orders any report from me . it took some time and expense to put this list together so all i ask is that you add another $ 5 for handling the addresses . the instructions for e _ mailing are free . they will come to you in a . txt format ( which i will teach you how to use in the instructions i ' ve put together ) and less than 2 % will be duplicates . you will get the list of addresses with your report . the first 160 people who order a report from me will receive a different set of addresses . this is my gift to you to help you get started . . . . i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be prepared to eventually set aside about an hour each day to follow up ( and count your money ! ) , you will make at least as much money as i am . you do n't need to be a whiz at the computer , but i ' ll bet you already are . if you can open an envelope , remove the money , and send an e-mail message , then you ' re on your way to the bank . take the time to read this so you ' ll understand how easy it is . if i can do this , so can you ! add this e-mail to ' favorite places ' by dragging the heart at the upper right corner of this window to the heart / folder picture next to the file cabinet . that way , you will have a copy of this for future use . go for it now ! ! matthew the following is a copy of the e-mail i read : $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then read it again ! ! ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its ability to generate large amounts of cash . this program is showing fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go to the bank ! this truly is that lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow the easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams will come true ! when followed correctly , this electronic , multi-level marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , cars , etc . , - even retire ! this is your chance , so do n't pass it up ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary electronic multi-level marketing program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - basically , this is what we do : we send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level businesses , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new business online ( via your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive via """" snail mail """" will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they ordered . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s it ! the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest electronic business anywhere ! follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if you do n't order them ) . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose name appears on the list next to the report . * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save them on your computer and resell them . * within a few days you will receive , via e-mail , each of the four save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send reports to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in steps """" a """" through """" d """" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , replace the name and address under report # 1 with your name and address , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . c . move the name and address that was under report # 2 down to report # 3 . d . move the name and address that was under report # 3 down to report # 4 . e . the name and address that was under report # 4 is removed from the list and has no doubt collected their 50 grand . please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address accurately ! ! ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this letter . 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the worldwide web ! advertising on the web is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . another avenue which you could use for advertising is e-mail lists . you can buy these lists for under $ 20 / 2 , 000 addresses or you can pay someone a minimal charge to take care of it for you . be sure to start your ad campaign immediately ! 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report - always send your order via first class mail - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets of paper - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and ( c ) your postal address . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """" how to reorganize your time to accommodate a home based business """" order report # 1 from : g & p enterprises po box 3544 lubbock , tx 79452 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """" major corporations and e-mail """" order report # 2 from : a&j advertising p . o . box 16057 st . paul , mn 55116-0057 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """" sources for the best mailing lists """" order report # 3 from : basqiuat po box 1963 evanston , il 60204 ( add an additional $ 5 . to cover handling the 100 , 000 e - mail addresses i will send you when you order any report from me . also note as well that you want the e - mailing instructions ( which is free ) sent to you . when you move my address down move this offer also . ( it will help us all . ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """" evaluating multi-level sales plans """" order report # 4 from : a basket affair 4505 hamptonshire drive raleigh , nc 27613 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think about it ! your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 3 shows you the most productive methods for bulk e-mailing and purchasing e-mail lists . some list & bulk e-mail vendors even work on trade ! about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which state that """" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . """" * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! note : if you need help with starting a business , registering a business name , how income tax is handled , etc . , contact your local office of the small business administration ( a federal agency ) for free help and answers to questions . also , the internal revenue service offers free help via telephone and free seminars about business taxes . * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving """" junk mail . """" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population and percentages involved . i """" knew """" it would n't work . doris totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old """" i told you so """" on her when the thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i have joined doris in her """" hobby . """" i did have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the """" rat race """" and it 's not for me . we owe it all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i surprised when i found my medium - size post office box crammed with orders ! for awhile , it got so overloaded that i had to start picking up my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't matter where in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to contact to get another copy , so i had to wait until i was e-mailed another program . . . 11 months passed then it came . . . i did n't delete this one ! . . . i made more than $ 41 , 000 on the first try ! ! d . wilburn , muncie , in this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! ! !
 "",1
 97,""Subject: unlimited cash & millions in your mail
  
  this mail is sent to someone who shared money making programs in the past . if this sent in error or spamming you , please accept my appologize - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dear nlpeople this program is the most money making program i have ever seen on the net . the advantage of this program is that your money will directed to your mailing address without intrusion of a third party as most mlm programs doing . just visit http : / / come . to / millionaire warmest regards ,
 "",1
 98,""Subject: the internet success toolbox
  
  note : we do not wish to send e-mail to anyone that does not want it so please send an e-mail to : remove929 @ yahoo . com you will be removed promptly . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * """" the internet success toolbox """" the most complete marketing software package available anywhere ! this is what you will receive on cd-rom : 1 . stealth mass mailer ( $ 399 . 00 value ) - this unique , first of it 's kind - software that allows you to easily send 250 , 000 e-mail messages an hour . simply enough by making a single connection to the internet using a standard modem , and connecting to either 20 different mail servers , or a single mail server 20 times . this , easy to use , software is designed for the basic computer user to understand . it 's as easy as imputing the mail server , selecting the list of e-mail recipients to send to , inserting your e-mail address , adding your subject line , selecting your sales letter , and pressing send . 2 . e - mail pro extractor ( $ 350 . 00 value ) - this one of a kind software program is designed to manage and clean up any list of e-mail addresses . it will purge duplicates , manage removes and delete undeliverables . it will also separate and categorize your list of e-mail addresses by domain names . the e - mail pro version 4 . 0 bulk e - mail loader also imports simple text files that anyone can download from aol , compuserve , the internet , etc . . . these text files contain classified ads , forum messages , or data from the member directory . each of these files are filled with e-mail addresses . 3 . check deposit system ( $ 125 . 00 value ) - check deposit system version 2 . 1 is a state of the art , revolutionary software that allows you to easily and legally process checks by fax , phone or internet . the customer 's signature on the check is not necessary . 4 . 16 million e - mail addresses ( $ 149 . 00 value ) - we took a total of over 92 million e-mail addresses from many of the touted cd 's that are out there ( bought them all - some were $ 300 + ) ! we added the millions we had in storage to those . when we combined them all , we had in excess of 100 + million addresses in one huge file . we then ran a super """" sort / de-dupe """" program against this huge list . it cut the file down to less than 25 million ! ! we then ran a program that contained 150 + keywords to remove addresses with vulgarity , profanity , sex-related names , postmaster , webmaster , flamer , abuse , spam , etc . . . also we eliminated all . edu , . mil . , org . , gov . , etc . . . after that list was run against the remaining list , it reduced it down to near 16 million addresses ! so , you see , our list will save people hundreds of dollars buying all others that are out there on cd . using ours will be like using the 100 + million that we started with , but a lot less money and a lot less time ! if you order """" the internet success toolbox """" for $ 395 . 00 within the next 7 days , you ' ll also receive the following awesome bonuses absolutely free . a value of over $ 600 . 00 ! ! ! to order : _ _ _ _ yes ! i ' m bursting with anticipation ! please send me """" the internet success toolbox """" so i can start advertising my business to """" millions of people """" - absolutely free ! i ' m anxious to see how others are creating immediate """" cash-flow explosions """" , and eliminating most of their advertising and marketing costs - and how i can do the same ! enclosed is $ 395 . _ _ _ _ yes again ! because i ' m responding within 7 days , i will receive 6 bonuses with a total value of $ 663 . 90 - absolutely free ! they include : bonus # 1 ( $ 39 value ) : """" search engine secrets """" - discover the most powerful and proven strategies that really work to place you at the top of the search engines ! bonus # 2 ( $ 195 value ) : a free one year subcription to """" the internet success toolbox newsletter """" - my ticket to marketing and internet cash flow heaven ! bonus # 3 ( $ 39 . 95 value ) : your hotline list of """" 7000 free classified ad sites on the internet """" - a virtual goldmine ! bonus # 4 ( $ 19 . 95 value ) : a free special report titled """" how to put your business on automatic pilot and turn your marketing system into a predictable , turnkey , cash - flow machine that keeps on working - even when you do n't ! ! """" bonus # 5 ( $ 195 value ) : unlimited technical support . even though """" the internet success toolbox """" will be simple to use , it 's great to know support is always available - if and when you really need it ! and last but not least . . . . bonus # 6 ( $ 175 value ) : order within 7 days and i ' ll also throw in a free vacation certificate good for 3 days and 2 nights of free lodging at one of over 30 """" premier """" resorts . some vacation spots you can choose from include : hawaii ; orlando , fl ; las vegas ; atlantic city ; palm springs ; aruba - in the south carribean ; cancun , mexico ; and many , many more ! hey , when you start making a ton of money , you ' ll wanna do some celebrating , won't you ? so start packing those bags ! that 's it . a lot more than you bargained for is n't it ? when you total all the goodies up , you ' re looking as a total value of $ 663 . 90 ! all yours - absolutely free - with your purchase of our amazing package """" the internet success toolbox """" for only $ 395 . 00 . and i ' ll even pay for shipping your package . you can have it in days . and start making money the very same day ! anyway , i have a copy right here on my desk reserved for you . all i need is your go ahead and i ' ll rush it out to you along with your 6 free bonuses . name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # ( _ _ _ _ _ ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax # ( _ _ _ _ _ _ ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ mastercard total : $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ account number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i understand that all sales are final . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature to order by check : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tape or paste your check here fax it to us at : ( 425 ) 379-9722 you do not need to send a hard copy of your check . the fax is all we need . ( we are able to perform this service using our check deposit system software ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * orders by credit card are shipped immediately . fax completed order form to : ( 425 ) 379-9722 * orders by personal , business or credit card check are shipped in 7-10 business days . * orders mailed in or overnighted with cashier ' s check or money order are shipped immediately . mail to : sys 11014 19th ave se suite 305 everett , wa 98208 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",1
 99,""Subject: free
  
  this is a multi-part message in mime format . - - - - - - = _ nextpart _ 000 _ 0139 _ 01bd8356 . 354ff2e0 content - type : multipart / alternative ; boundary = """" - - - - = _ nextpart _ 001 _ 013a _ 01bd8356 . 354ff2e0 """" - - - - - - = _ nextpart _ 001 _ 013a _ 01bd8356 . 354ff2e0 content - type : text / plain ; charset = """" iso - 8859 - 1 """" content - transfer - encoding : 7bit * * * scotland-net ~ make and save $ $ $ $ $ on the world wide web now ! * free web access ! ! ! free web access ! ! ! free web access ! ! ! note - though this isp 's service is initially only available from the uk , the referral agent opportunity is available worldwide , and overseas agents do n't need to take the service themselves . uk internet provider who will give any customer permanent free access - for introducing new users . they also offer monthly residual income for introducing more users down to 7 levels . the company is an existing provider and not new but is obviously progressive ! pre - apply as an agent now and start getting others pre - applied under you by sending the same info as this - while it 's free . the 123net site and free pre-application form is at : http : / / www . 123net . co . uk / agents / prebuild . htm or http : / / 195 . 188 . 52 . 156 / forms / default . htm . . . to pre-apply you ' ll need my details which are : sponsor 's id : - ed78564314 sponsor 's name : - arthur frederick edwards sponsor 's e-mail : webmaster @ alba . tm arthur f edwards . * free advertising ! ! ! http : / / www . alba . tm / letter . html * free advertising ! ! ! http : / / www . bannerpromo . net / freead . cfm ? idno = 1454 * affordable domain registration - be set up in 24 hours ! - protect your company and / or name now fast service ~ low registration costs http : / / www . yourname . com / . net / . co . uk etc . . . * we can set up ; - * your own company domain name * unlimited e-mail addresses * fast webspace * full graphical access statistics * unlimited support and advice * pre - installed cgi scripts * microsoft frontpage compatible * free domain name ( subject to conditions ) * e - mail forwarding * web site forwarding prices from virtual servers @ only $ 16 . 49 per month ! ! ! - http : / / www . msn . tm * get 50 , 000 + visitors to your site - free ! - http : / / www . links2u . com / index . shtml ? webmaster @ alba . tm * want us to sell your products on our pages ? we are happy to resell your products on our pages . no sales no charge . email webmaster @ alba . tm * notice ; - agents required to give away mobile telephones - free to join . also free telephones available . a no credit check scheme also available . ( uk only ) * build a fast growing list of prospective customers interested in your products & services ! we can turn your casual visitors to your website into successful long term business relationships ! how ? - http : / / www . alba . tm / newsletter . html * help wanted ! ! ! would you like to e-mail your business message directly to 1000 's of prospective customers ? and not become a hated """" spammer """" in the process ? how ? http : / / www . alba . tm / newsletters . html * """" a giant enters the network arena ! """" - http : / / www . longuevue . net / team / scotland-net . htm * get unlimited free postcards ! todays the day to send a heap of free postcards - compliments of scotland - net ! everything from """" i love you """" to """" congratulations """" to """" my cats fine """" go to http : / / www . msn . tm got a website ? install a free postcards department free . install a guestbook free . install a search engine free . - http : / / www . alba . tm * get unlimited free ads in this publication - reach 5 , 000 + people worldwide for free ! ! ! e-mail free @ alba . tm * need a webpage ? don ' t know if internet advertising will work for you ? don ' t want to pay a lot of money ? then budget advertising is here for you ! ! ! get you or your company on the net from only $ 49 . 50 per year ! e-mail free @ alba . tm * more affordable web promotion at - http : / / www . servers-unlimited . com / members / aedwards . htm earn a share in ta companys worldwide income ! go to http : / / www . alba . tm and click on the links2u sign free ! * visit the internet proshop - http : / / foreverweb . com / cgi-foreverweb / href _ click . cgi ? im1710 * submit your site to 600 + search engines , spiders etc . . . - http : / / www . eyeonmedicine . com / dist / 780957 . htm * save money on phone calls - anywhere in the world ! - http : / / ld . net / ? 2253 * earnmoney while you use your computer , free ! - http : / / ld . net / bizop / ? 2253 * or earn it introducing people free ! - http : / / foreverweb . com / cgi-foreverweb / sspregister _ click . cgi ? im1710 * photoreading personal learning course * play the lotto free and win big big prizes ! - http : / / www . alba . tm * gents ! take a break and go and see some pretty women ! great ! http : / / aprettywoman . com / a . cgi / 2335 * plus lots , lots more ! ! ! to much to list - feel free to e-mail us at free @ alba . tm please take time to visit our great products ! * member , international webmasters association - http : / / iwanet . org * & the world wide web chamber of commerce - http : / / www . webchamber . com * - - - - - - = _ nextpart _ 001 _ 013a _ 01bd8356 . 354ff2e0 content - type : text / html ; charset = """" iso - 8859 - 1 """" content - transfer - encoding : quoted-printable body { background-repeat : repeat-y ; color : # cccccc ; font-family : georgia , = """" serif """" ; font-size : 12pt ; margin-left : 78px } a { color : # b55a10 } hr { color : # 293139 ; height : 4px ; width : 100 % } &nbsp ; &nbsp ; * * * scotland-net ~ make and save $ $ $ $ $ on the world = wide web now = 20 ! * free web access ! ! ! free web access ! ! ! free web access ! ! ! note - = though = 20 this isp 's service is initially only available from the = uk , thereferral = 20 agent opportunity is available worldwide , and overseas agents = do n't need to = 20 take the service themselves . ukinternet provider who will give = any = 20 customer permanent free access - forintroducing new users . they = also = 20 offer monthly residual income for introducing more users down to = 7levels . = 20 the company is an existing provider and not new but is = 20 obviouslyprogressive ! pre - apply as an agent now and start getting = others = 20 pre-applied under you by sending the same info as this - while it 's = 20 free . the 123net site and free pre-application form is at : href = 3d """" http : / / www . 123net . co . uk / agents / prebuild . htm """" = 20 http : / / www . 123net . co . uk / agents / prebuild . htmor = href = 3d """" http : / / 195 . 188 . 52 . 156 / forms / default . htm """" = 20 http : / / 195 . 188 . 52 . 156 / forms / default . htm . . . = to = 20 pre-apply you ' ll need my details which are : sponsor 's = id : &nbsp ; &nbsp ; = 20 - &nbsp ; ed78564314sponsor 's name : &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; = 20 - &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; arthur frederick edwardssponsor 's = e-mail : &nbsp ; = 20 webmaster @ alba . tmarthur f edwards . * free advertising ! ! ! = href = 3d """" http : / / www . alba . tm / letter . html """" = 20 http : / / www . alba . tm / letter . html * free advertising = ! ! ! href = 3d """" http : / / www . bannerpromo . net / freead . cfm ? idno = 3d1454 """" = 20 http : / / www . bannerpromo . net / freead . cfm ? idno = 3d1454 = * affordable = 20 domain registration - be set up in 24 hours ! &nbsp ; - protect your = company = 20 and / or name now fast service ~ low registration costs href = 3d """" http : / / www . yourname . com / """" = http : / / www . yourname . com / . net = 20 / . co . uk etc . . . * we can set up ; - * your own company domain name = * unlimited = 20 e-mail addresses * fast webspace * full graphical access statistics = * unlimited = 20 support and advice * pre - installed cgi scripts * microsoft frontpage = compatible = 20 * free domain name ( subject to conditions ) * e - mail forwarding * web = site = 20 forwardingprices from virtual servers @ only $ 16 . 49 per month = 20 ! ! ! &nbsp ; &nbsp ; - http : / / www . msn . tm * get 50 , 000 + visitors to your = site - = 20 free ! &nbsp ; - href = 3d """" http : / / www . links2u . com / index . shtml ? webmaster @ alba . tm """" = 20 http : / / www . links2u . com / index . shtml ? webmaster @ alba . tm * want = 20 us to sell your products on our pages ? &nbsp ; we are happy to resell = your = 20 products on our pages . no sales no charge . email = 20 webmaster @ alba . tm * notice ; - agents required to give away mobile = 20 telephones - free to join . also free telephones available . &nbsp ; a = no = 20 credit check scheme also available . ( uk only ) * build a fast growing = list of = 20 prospective customers&nbsp ; interested in your products &amp ; = services = 20 ! &nbsp ; we can turn your casual visitors to your website = intosuccessful = 20 long term business relationships ! how ? - href = 3d """" http : / / www . alba . tm / newsletter . html """" = 20 http : / / www . alba . tm / newsletter . html * help = wanted ! ! ! would = 20 you like to e-mail your business messagedirectly to 1000 's of = prospective = 20 customers ? and not become a hated &quot ; spammer&quot ; in the = process ? how ? = 20 http : / / www . alba . tm / newsletters . html * &quot ; a = giant = 20 enters the network arena ! &quot ; &nbsp ; - href = 3d """" http : / / www . longuevue . net / team / scotland-net . htm """" = 20 http : / / www . longuevue . net / team / scotland-net . htm * get = 20 unlimited free postcards ! todays the day to send a heap of free = postcards - = 20 compliments ofscotland - net ! everything from &quot ; i love you = &quot ; to = 20 &quot ; congratulations&quot ; to &quot ; my cats fine&quot ; go to http : / / www . msn . tm got a = website ? = 20 install a free postcards department free . install a guestbook free . = install a = 20 search engine free . &nbsp ; - http : / / www . alba . tm * get unlimited free ads in = this = 20 publication - reach 5 , 000 + people worldwidefor free ! ! ! e-mail = 20 free @ alba . tm * need a webpage ? don ' t know if internet advertising = will work = 20 for you ? don ' t want to pay a lot of money ? then budget = advertising is = 20 here for you ! ! ! get you or your company on thenetfrom only = $ 49 . 50 per = 20 year ! e-mail free @ alba . tm * more affordable web promotion at - href = 3d """" http : / / www . servers-unlimited . com / members / aedwards . htm """" = 20 http : / / www . servers-unlimited . com / members / aedwards . htm = earn = 20 a share in ta companys worldwide income ! go to href = 3d """" http : / / www . alba . tm / """" = 20 http : / / www . alba . tm and click on the links2u sign = 20 free ! * visit the internet proshop - href = 3d """" http : / / foreverweb . com / cgi-foreverweb / href _ click . cgi ? im1710 """" = 20 http : / / foreverweb . com / cgi-foreverweb / href _ click . cgi ? im171 = 0 * submit = 20 your site to 600 + search engines , spiders etc . . . &nbsp ; - &nbsp ; href = 3d """" http : / / www . eyeonmedicine . com / dist / 780957 . htm """" = 20 http : / / www . eyeonmedicine . com / dist / 780957 . htm&nbsp ; &nb = sp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbs = p ; &nbsp ; * save = 20 money on phone calls - anywhere in the world ! - href = 3d """" http : / / ld . net / ? 2253 """" = http : / / ld . net / ? 2253 * earnmoney = 20 while you use your computer , free ! - &nbsp ; href = 3d """" http : / / ld . net / bizop / ? 2253 """" = 20 http : / / ld . net / bizop / ? 2253 * or earn it = introducing people = 20 free ! - href = 3d """" http : / / foreverweb . com / cgi-foreverweb / sspregister _ click . cgi ? im1710 = """" = 20 http : / / foreverweb . com / cgi-foreverweb / sspregister _ click . cg = i ? im1710&nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; * photoreading = 20 personal learning course * play the lotto free and win big big prizes = ! - = 20 http : / / www . alba . tm * gents ! = 20 take a break and go and see some pretty women ! = 20 great ! &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nb = sp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; = 20 http : / / aprettywoman . com / a . cgi / 2335&nbsp ; &nbsp = ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; = &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; & = nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &n = bsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nb = sp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbs = p ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; * = &nbsp ; = 20 plus lots , lots more ! ! ! to much to list-feel free to e-mail us at = 20 free @ alba . tm&nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; please take = time to = 20 visit our great products ! * member , international webmasters = association - href = 3d """" http : / / iwanet . org / """" = 20 http : / / iwanet . org&nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; = &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; * &nbsp ; = 20 &amp ; the world wide web chamber of commerce - href = 3d """" http : / / www . webchamber . com / """" = 20 http : / / www . webchamber . com * = - - - - - - = _ nextpart _ 001 _ 013a _ 01bd8356 . 354ff2e0 - - - - - - - - = _ nextpart _ 000 _ 0139 _ 01bd8356 . 354ff2e0 content - type : image / gif ; name = """" judge 's chambers . gif """" 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 "",1
 100,""Subject: 16 - m clean e - mail addresses
  
  16 million clean e - mail addresses we took a total of over 92 million e-mail addresses from many of the touted cd 's that are out there ( bought them all - some were $ 300 + ) ! we added the millions we had in storage to those . when we combined them all , we had in excess of 100 + million addresses in one huge file . we then ran a super """" sort / de-dupe """" program against this huge list . it cut the file down to less than 25 million ! ! can you believe that ! ? it seems that most people that are selling cd 's are duping the public by putting numerous files of addresses in the cd over and over . this created many duplicate addresses . they also had many """" program generated """" e-mail addresses like compuserve , mci , anon 's , etc . . . this causes a tremendous amount of undeliverables , and for those that use stealth programs , clogs up servers quickly with trash . etc . . . we then ran a program that contained 150 + keywords to remove addresses with vulgarity , profanity , sex-related names , postmaster , webmaster , flamer , abuse , spam , etc . . . also we eliminated all . edu , . mil . , org . , gov . , etc . . . after that list was run against the remaining list , it reduced it down to near 16 million addresses ! so , you see , our list will save people hundreds of dollars buying all others that are out there on cd . using ours will be like using the 100 + million that we started with , but a lot less money and a lot less time ! we also purchased cyber promo 's ( $ 995 . 00 ) cd . we received it just prior to finishing production work on the new cd . we had our people take a random sample of 300 , 000 addresses from the touted 2 . 9 million that they advertised . we used a program that allows us to take a random sample of addresses from any list . we were able to have the program take every 9th address , thus giving us a 300 , 000 list of cyber 's e-mail addresses from top to bottom . we did not clean these , but we did create 3 separate files named cyber1 . txt , cyber2 . txt , and cyber3 . txt of 100 , 000 addresses each . this will give all people that use the list an opportunity to send mail to the list before deciding if their cd is all it 's hyped up to be . we also included a 2 + million """" remove / flamer """" file broke into separate files for ease of extracting and adding to your own database of removes . """" you can buy from the rest or you can buy from the best . here 's what you get when you order today : * 16 million e - mail addresses * one line in simple text format * all on cd-rom * files are in lots of 100 , 000 ( no codes to open files ) * all files are separated by domain name for your convenience ! * plus you receive a tremendous remove list ! * plus a sampling of cyberpromo 's hot list now only $ 149 . 00 ! this price is effective for the next seven days , thereafter the price will be $ 199 . 00 so order now ! all lists are completely free of any duplicates . we also on a continual basis , add new names and remove undeliverables and remove requests . the result is the cleanest e - mail addresses available anywhere to use over and over again . all for a fraction of the cost that other companies charge . typical rates for acquiring e-mail lists are from """" information highway """" robbery ! do n't even hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most effective way to market anywhere . . . period ! http : / / www . gaura . com / software / sys . htm http : / / www . gaura . com / software to order : to order , simple print out the ez order form below and fax it to our office today . we accept visa or mastercard . or checks by fax fax completed form to : ( 425 ) 379-9722 _ _ _ _ _ e - mail pro . . . . . $ 350 . 00 _ _ _ _ stealth mass mailer . . . $ 395 . 00 _ _ _ _ 16 million clean e - mail addresses on cd-rom . . . . $ 149 . 00 _ _ _ _ check deposit system . . . . . $ 99 . 00 _ _ _ _ submit spider standard version . . . . $ 49 . 95 _ _ _ _ submit spider professional version . . . . $ 99 . 90 _ _ _ _ send software on cd-rom . . . . $ 10 . 00 name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country code or zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ type of credit card : _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ _ mastercard account number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total amount : $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i understand that all sales are final . signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ check by fax : if you would like to fax a check , paste your check below and fax it to ( 425 ) 379-9722 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * please paste your check here and fax it to us at : ( 425 ) 379-9722 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from your original check . all checks will be held for bank clearance .
 "",1
 101,""Subject: who is who ! ! !
  
  this message is being sent to you because we feel it would be beneficial to you to be included on the international executive guild 's who 's who cd - rom . if this letter has been an inconvenience to you in any way please accept our apology and simply type """" remove """" in the first space of our application form and we will take you off our database . thank you for your help in keeping this a spam free internet . ' dear candidate , you have been selected as a potentially qualified candidate for inclusion on the latest state of the art , the international executive guild 's who 's who cd - rom . our researchers gather information from many recognized sources including professional associations and societies , trade organizations , newspaper and magazine articles , web presence , and referrals from existing members . as a highly respected professional in your field of expertise , we believe your contributions merit very serious consideration for inclusion on the international executive guild 's who 's who cd - rom . to maintain the highest level of accuracy we ask you to click on the web address below and fill out the brief bit of information on our application form . there is no cost or obligation for individuals to be evaluated for inclusion and all applicants will receive a free gift compliments of the international executive guild . http : / / www . executiveguild . com / apply . html my sincere thanks , anthony ingallinella executive director the international executive guild is not affiliated or associated with marquis who 's who
 "",1
 102,""Subject: unlimited cash & millions in your mail
  
  this is not a spamm . this is was sent to someone who share the interest of money making programs . if this reach you by error , please accept my apology . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dear friend , this is one of the great money making program over the net and the only one i have earned money with . the advantage of this program is that all the money directed to your mailing address without intrusion of a third party . for details , just visit http : / / www . freeyellow . com / members2 / wp15 / index . html visit here for $ 10 give away : http : / / www . freeyellow . com / members2 / wp15 / page1 . html my best wishes to you warmest regards ,
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 103,""Subject: how 's it going ?
  
  hello friend , my name is carl simmons . in october 1988 , i received this bulletin in the mail . naturally i was skeptical , but i decided to try it because i was heavily in debt at the time . i had everything to gain and nothing to lose . even if this program worked only a fraction of what the example showed , i would be a success ! well , i m adding this note here to tell you it does work ! i will never forget how it happened . i followed the instructions exactly . the total cost was about $ 46 . 00 including postage . i dropped the envelopes off a the post office on my way to work one day in late october hoping to earn a few dollars to buy christmas presents . the recipe i ordered from the person in the # 1 position came in about a week . i did not think much about it after that until a few weeks later when my boss told me my wife had called and i was needed at home immediately due to some emergency . i raced home in a panic , threw the apartment door open , and what a sight i saw ! my wife was standing over a pile of envelopes that the mailman had dumped on the living room floor from two big canvas bags . we spend the rest of the day and most of the night opening and counting 3 , 245 envelopes , each containing $ 2 . 00 and a self-addressed stamped envelope . the next day we received 4 , 274 more . by the time the orders stopped coming in , about two weeks later , i had received $ 92 , 428 . 00 in cash ! ( i wonder what the printer though when i had him print 46 , 000 copies of the recipes in one week ! ) needless to say , i immediately quit my job , paid off al my debts in full and started another mailing . to date my revenues are approaching $ 1 , 000 , 000 . 00 in cold hard cash . believe me , you can do the same thing . this is you lucky break that you have been hoping for all your life . you can make your dreams come true . . . do not pass it up ! the most difficult part was finding a good company to provide responsive names . after trying many name sources , i ran across two companies that provided the best names for this program . their addresses and prices are below : mjg advertising 200 names $ 24 . 00 p . o . box 3009 500 names $ 35 . 00 maple glen , pa 19002 1000 names $ 50 . 00 ( 215 ) 643-1328 2000 names $ 75 . 00 ( 800 ) 880-8143 marnico lists 200 names $ 20 . 00 p . o . box 2046 500 names $ 35 . 00 abington , ma 02351 1000 names $ 60 . 00 request # 3001 2000 names $ 95 . 00 making your fortune is as easy as following these six steps : 1 . send a self addressed stamped envelope and $ 2 . 00 cash wrapped in a sheet of paper specifying which recipe you are ordering by number , to addresses # 1 through # 5 at the end of this bulletin . 2 . order at least 200 names and addresses on labels from the companies mentioned earlier . 3 . while waiting for your labels to arrive , remove the name at the # 1 spot and move each of the names up one position . place your name and address in spot # 5 . move only the names and addresses - not the recipes . this can best be done by retyping the set and pasting the new over the original . 4 . have a local printshop print at least 200 copies of this bulletin . 5 . fold the printed bulletins and place in envelopes , seal and stamp them . 6 . when the labels arrive , place one on each envelope and mail them . now here s the best part - the money you can make ! here is what happens when only 10 % of the people respond to your mailing . you send out at least 200 with your name in position # 5 . 20 people send out at least 200 with your name in position # 4 . 400 people send out at least 200 with your name in position # 3 . 8000 people send out at least 200 with your name in position # 2 . 160000 people send out at least 200 with your name in position # 1 . 168420 x $ 2 . 00 each = $ 336840 in about 60 to 90 days ! ! ! of course you are not limited to mailing only 200 bulletins , or to just one mailing . send out more than 250 or do repeat mailings and you will drastically increase your earnings . when you receive 1 , 000 requests for recipe # 3 , sit back and relax knowing that you re soon going to be a very rich person . yes , this is a perfectly legal mail order marketing plan . if you are in doubt , then refer to title 18 , section 1302 and 1341 of the u . s . postal and lottery laws . a product or service must be exchanged for the money received ; in this case , the product is the recipes . this plan also takes honest work , but the rewards are tremendous . keep a careful account of all money you received and money you spend for income tax purposes . there you have it ! the secret to making thousands for yourself . read this bulletin carefully and then reread it again . think about it , do the math and consider the wealth potential this holds for you . then send $ 2 . 00 cash and a self-addressed stamped envelope today to the addresses in positions # 1 below . go for it , order those recipes today . 1 . chocolate cream pie 2 . pineapple bavarian pudding henry w . frye , sr . harold lookwood 24684 atwood ave . 123 skokorat st . moreno valley , ca 92553 seymour , ct . 06483 3 . chocolate walnut cookies 4 . cheese garlic biscuits vincent myers , jr . dlh enterprises inc . 848 n . rainbow , # 351 p . o . box 5854 las vegas , nv 89107 san jose , ca 95150 5 . magic cookies bar acw enterprises p . o . box 3004-332 corvallis , or 97333 i tried a similar program in which the cost was $ 5 . 00 . in that one , the response was only about 3 % . the first time i sent out this recipe program a got my first responses in just one week . i sent out 250 letters instead of just 100 so my percentage of gains was higher . i am trying again with 500 letters to see if i can surpass the $ 141 , 236 . 00 of the last time . good luck to all of you . it really works ! ! ! sally freisch , st louis , il
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 104,""Subject: affordable family dental care
  
  with over 30 , 000 dentists nationwide we ' ll have one near you . for about $ 10 . 00 a month your family will save an average of 30-80 % on all dental procedures . includes : * routine cleaning and polishing , fillings , root canals , crowns , dentures , braces . * new sealants to prevent cavities . * cosmetic dentistry such as teeth whitening and veneers . * no paperwork , all pre-existing dental problems qualify with no waiting periods * toll - free doctor locator number . for further details please call 1-800 - 463-6021 please refer to id code - - - jj0521 p . s . call in for details before may 28th and with your dental plan receive the optical plan free ! thank you .
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 105,""Subject: the time for financial freedom is now ! !
  
  abc super re-qualifier associated benefit consultants dear fellow entrepreneur , this letter is an urgent attempt to reach you ! we would like to hear from you within the next 24 to 48 hrs . hopefully , this has reached you at an opportune time for your immediate reply ! your attention is needed today as your new income can start in as little as 4 to 7 days from now ! we want you to hear first-hand about an exciting breakthrough in money-making opportunities . the abc super re - qualifier . this is the fast , simple and most powerful money-maker you have hoped to discover ! research has shown that a person 's potential for success increases by 80 % when receiving personalized instruction . we invite you to become involved in this easy , but ingenious program that involves personal instruction from our hand-picked organization members . each has the professional skill and expertise to personally guide you to your financial freedom . you can immediately utilize an existing program that accomplishes the following : 1 . generates pre-qualified prospects and send them to you . 2 . team support - live interactive conference calls 3 . 7 . 9 cpm long distance and virtual office . 4 . stocks and ships the product directly to your customers doors . 5 . pays you daily by overnight airborne express to your front door . 6 . permits you the realistic opportunity to earn $ 24 , 000 + per month ! 7 . produce new income on a spare time , part time or full time basis . you know what wealth has always been attained by the select few who were the first to take advantage of a new and powerful opportunity . that opportunity is here . . . . . it is the abc super re - qualifier ! the time for your financial freedom is now ! ! you must , however , be very serious and sincere about earning the income this program offers . for this reason , we have instructed our organization to devote time only to those who are genuine about improving their financial situation . are you seriously looking for a real program that produces large revenues ? if so , we urge you to call our office at the 24 hr - toll free number . 1-800 - 539-5648 leave us a message and we will be notified of your response . we will promptly return your call with all the information you will need to get you on your way to making an additional income yet this week ! remember . . . . . timing is everything ! ! to your success , john , cheryl , stephanie , bill , richard , judy & debra abc marketing team98 1-800 - 539-5648 """" this is the program others try to copy . i highly recommend abc """" - paul barron , ca """" i ' ve never seen such a fast and simple way to make a large income """" - alan louis , tx """" abc is the perfect home-based business , and the money is great """" - andrew kerr , ca """" at last a real program . with fast money . . . thanks abc - s . herman , tx """" i gave up on mlm , abc made me a believer again , within 2 weeks i have made $ 1 , 600 """" - c . s
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 106,""Subject: hi !
  
  this is a multi-part message in mime format . - - part0 _ 895780918 _ boundary content - id : content - type : text / plain ; charset = us-ascii - - part0 _ 895780918 _ boundary content - id : content - type : message / rfc822 content - transfer-encoding : 7bit content - disposition : inline from : hackevin return - path : to : hackevin @ aol . com subject : hi ! date : thu , 21 may 1998 11 : 34 : 50 edt organization : aol ( http : / / www . aol . com ) mime - version : 1 . 0 content - type : text / plain ; charset = us-ascii content - transfer-encoding : 7bit so much porn and so little time ! ! ! click here now ! ! ! and if you are gay click here now ! ! ! - - part0 _ 895780918 _ boundary - -
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 107,""Subject: the ultimate free xxx experience ! !
  
  this is a multi-part message in mime format . - - part0 _ 895794301 _ boundary content - id : content - type : text / plain ; charset = us-ascii - - part0 _ 895794301 _ boundary content - id : content - type : message / rfc822 content - transfer-encoding : 7bit content - disposition : inline from : mad kevin return - path : to : madkevin @ aol . com subject : the ultimate free xxx experience ! ! date : thu , 21 may 1998 19 : 38 : 18 edt organization : aol ( http : / / www . aol . com ) mime - version : 1 . 0 content - type : text / plain ; charset = us-ascii content - transfer-encoding : 7bit click here now ! ! ! - - part0 _ 895794301 _ boundary - -
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 108,""Subject: your complete internet business source
  
  remove instructions below . all remove requests are respectfully processed immediately . i . m . c . internet marketing consultants is your complete internet business resource company no other company offers you a more complete selection of internet business software ! visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc we wholesale all internet business software programs we have the best prices available we will not be undersold ! and we guarantee it ! the cutting edge of internet business technology bulk e-mail software : express mail server - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 275 stealth mass mailer - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 195 extractor pro 98 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 395 extractor lite - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 99 extractor pro 98 upgrade - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 199 net contact v6 . 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 395 net contact upgrade - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 149 mach-10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 395 direct mail - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 395 stealth v3 . 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 195 stealth v4 . 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 395 e - mail address collection software : webcollector - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 295 sonic - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 295 geo - list - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 295 gold disk targeter - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 389 gold disk infinity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 389 e - mail @ dress locator - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 395 e - mail @ dress locator w / 98 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 295 address online collector - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 99 web weasel v3 . 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 199 advanced web site software : web position analyzer professional - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 279 web position analyzer standard - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 99 website caller id - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 75 world launch - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 49 world launch pro - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 99 e - mail lists : we also have 60 million brand new e-mail addresses and an excellent """" remove list """" service available for - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 99 . custom lists available call today ! many more programs to choose from ! visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc imc are authorized software dealers all fully licensed software all 100 % legal / no pirate copies you download free demos from our full service web sites complete with step by step instructional tutorials ! you will not find these programs anywhere for less we will beat or match any prices of legal edition software ! call i . m . c . today ( 808 ) 876-1550 or fax your order request to : ( 808 ) 878-6869 ( include your name , phone number , e-mail address ) visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc we carry all software available on earth and we will not be undersold ! join the : i . m . c . software program for only $ 49 . 00 plus s&h and save 80 % to 95 % on all software both p . c . and mac versions available for free brochure call or fax your : ( 1 ) name ( 2 ) postal address ( 3 ) e-mail address ( 4 ) phone number to : i . m . c . phone : ( 808 ) 876-1550 fax : ( 808 ) 878-6869 or mail your info request to : imc attn . software program dept . p . o . box 809 kula , hi . 96790 we accept all major credit cards : visa * master card * american express * discover card we can also accept checks by fax ! simply fax your check to : 808-878 - 6869 so do n't hesitate , call today this offer is for a limited time only ! call i . m . c at : phone : ( 808 ) 876-1550 fax : ( 808 ) 878-6869 visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc place your order today while supplies last and we ' ll be happy to send you a demo copy and answer any questions you may have . or call us and we will give you our full service web site addresses remove instructions : to be removed from our mailing list or to be added to our """" global remove list """" and to be removed from many other mailing lists as well , simply go to : http : / / www . ctct . com all remove requests are respectfully processed immediately
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 109,""Subject: re : ems the best software at the best $
  
  remove instructions below . all remove requests are respectfully immediately the cutting edge of e-mail technology : """" express mail server """" from imc for only $ 275 for a limited time only ! this is the best of all e-mail programs , we know we have tried them all . if your reading this message , that only proves it works you will not find it anywhere for less you can download a demo for free from our full service web site , complete with step by step instructional tutorial ! visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc ( if you can't log into the site just call us , sometime the site is overloaded with hits ) try before you buy ! we know you will love it ! it 's a bulk e-mailers dream come true , at last ! the same software goes for $ 695 . 00 ! you can also get it for $ 495 . 00 from l . s . enterprises you can call : 808-876 - 1550 and get more information or order a copy today for $ 275 ( for a limited time only ) . or fax your order / info request to : ( 808 ) 878-6869 ( include your name , phone number , e-mail address ) visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc ( if you can't log into the site just call us , sometime the site is overloaded with hits ) we also have 60 million e-mail addresses and an excellent """" remove list """" service available for only $ 99 . we accept all major credit cards : visa * master card * american express * discover card we can also accept checks by fax ! simply fax your check to : 808-878 - 6869 so do n't hesitate , call today this offer is for a limited time only ! what is express mail server ? express mail server ( ems ) bulk e-mail software is the only thing that works . ems transforms your computer into a personal mail server . with no additional hardware , ems software will give you complete control of your mailings , because the mail you send will originate from your computer and be delivered directly into the mailbox of your recipient . since the mail originates from your computer , it is no longer necessary to use your internet service provider 's mail server . when you use the previous generation stealth or cloaking type programs , they work by uploading your mail to your provider 's mail server . they can also be programmed to send mail through other providers mail servers without authorization ( this is considered theft of service ) . the problem is , the previous generation stealth type programs upload the messages faster than these mail servers can process them . many times this causes a provider 's mail server to bog down and crash . obviously , this will make providers furious with you . furthermore , you may think that you are sending hundreds of thousands of messages , unfortunately , most of it simply gets filtered and deleted by the mail server . you are lucky to get 10 % - 20 % of that mail delivered . with ems software your computer emulates a mail server and you actually control and watch all your mail being delivered piece by piece . there is a 100 % delivery rate with this program anywhere on the internet . we did say 100 % delivery rate to any internet email addresses . a bold claim but it is true . this is the latest technical advance in bulk email since the advent of the stealth type programs . this program verifies domains and validity of email addresses before sending mail . this dramatically reduces your bounced back undeliverables . bounced back undeliverables can sure bog down a server . you can also control where you want any bounced back mail to go . it can go to any email address you want with ems . ems can work with any dial up internet account , ( aol is not considered a dial up internet account ) an isdn line or a t - 1 or t - 3 . it runs on windows 95 or nt . we have not heard of any person losing a dial up account with this software . one reason bulk email is so frowned upon with numerous isp 's ( internet service providers ) is people try to send as much mail as they can , as quick as they can and crash the mail server of the isp . this won't happen with ems software since you do n't since you do n't use the mail server of the isp to send your mail . the program actually sends the mail directly from your computer , which is now , a bona fide mail server , to the recipients mail server avoiding any potential blocks that would prevent you from reaching those on your mailing list . you do not have to """" forge """" headers or randomize anything to have 100 % of your mail delivered , although the program does allow for randomization and customizing of headers . you can send mail omitting the """" to """" """" from """" and """" reply to """" portions of your headers . want to send out your messages in color . this is not a problem with ems . just select a font color with your mouse , and then click on a background color as well . want to make your font bold or put it into italics , just point and click . want your message centered or shifted left or right , once again just point and click . unlike all of the others , ( which are all the same , but go by different names ) this software is very straightforward and easy to use . if you can log on to aol , you already know more about computers than you 'd need to use ems . we also provide technical support by phone to answer any questions you may have . ems works with any windows 95 or nt computer . it requires no additional hardware or software . the ems software sends at speeds up to 80 , 000 messages per hour delivered using a modest pentium and a 28 . 8 modem . rates will dramatically increase with an isdn or cable modem and of course with a t - 1 they will be even faster . if you want to take advantage of this breakthrough in bulk email technology give us a call on the number below . we do n't plan on repeat mailings for this product so take advantage of this opportunity . the cost to you is $ 275 . 00 ! money well spent if you consider that you can buy stealth ( or the many others like it . . . they all operate the same way ) for $ 400 . you might be happy with stealth if you do n't mind frequent loss of dial-up accounts , and lot of complaints . not getting a lot of your mail delivered due to blocks and crashed mail servers deleting your mail , along with the resulting low response rate from your mailings , all of which defeated the purpose of e-mailing in the first place ! few people are aware of this new technology , so you are already leaps and bounds ahead of any competition . using this , you can sell anything you wish , over and over . also , consider that you may decide to offer a mailing service to others . you ' ve probably gotten e-mails that claim they can send your advertisement e-mail for a cost of $ 200 per 100 , 000 . what most people do n't realize is that only 20 or 30 of the mail they pay these people to get sent actually gets delivered ! this mailing service is very profitable , and using this software , you can advertise that service to millions for free ! we also have cd roms with 60 million addresses to help you start . with your purchase , visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc ( if you can't log into the site just call us , sometime the site is overloaded with hits ) call i . m . c at : phone : ( 808 ) 876-1550 fax : ( 808 ) 878-6869 and place your order today while supplies last and we ' ll be happy to send you a demo copy and answer any questions you may have . or call us and we will give you our full service web site addresses to be removed from our mailing list or to be added to our """" global remove list """" simply go to : http : / / www . ctct . com all remove requests are respectfully immediately
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 110,""Subject: help make the world a better place !
  
  dear investor , it 's quite obvious we ' re more powerful in numbers than alone , we can stamp out problems we are faced with day in day out but we make no attempt and if any very little to help irradicate a . i . d . s , famin , the homeless , cancer , child abuse , victims of rape and incest , violence and corruption world wide and do n't forget the environment ( it 's a total disaster ) . panamanian offshore banks require as little as $ 1 000 000 . 00 usd in paid in capital to qualify for bank registration . your $ 1 000 . 00 usd investment or more can lead you to an unlimited return . here 's some mathematical logistics you take 1000 people together each investing $ 1 000 . 00 usd that makes $ 1 000 000 . 00 usd . we go to panama and register for public listing so all our shareholders can each get 1000 shares each at $ 1 . 00 per share , if all goes well and the securities commission accepts the public listing , we go to step 2 . step 2 . we go to the banking commission and apply for a bank license and upon approval , you ' ve got your bank owned by 1000 shareholders each holding 1000 shares and can be traded freely and we can apply for a listing on the panamanian stock exchange or any other exchange therafter . let 's look at the example below to see how power can be in numbers . the minimal interest paid out for example sake is 12 % anually on $ 1 000 000 . 00 that gives a return of is $ 120 000 . 00 usd . now let 's go back to reality if you take $ 1 000 . 00 usd and if your lucky your bank will give you at most a 4 % annual interest rate , that gives you a return of $ 40 . 00 usd . now let 's recap , we have 1000 shareholders who invested $ 1 000 . 00 usd each and at the end of a year each shareholders shares have made a substantial return , the exact return for this example is the return on $ 1 000 000 . 00 usd at 12 % annual interest which is $ 120 000 . 00 usd divided by 1000 shareholders = $ 120 . 00 and each of your shares has just incresed by 0 . 12 , $ 120 . 00 divided by 1000 shares = 0 . 12 cents . you ' ve gained 3 times the return compared to the return your bank would have given you after a year . now this is a very bad example because banks deal with daily currency trades , bankers acceptances , treasury bills , government bonds , gics , stocks , mutual funds , credit and debit / check cards , loans , lines of credit , mortgages and daily transaction fees . but the example above gives you a clear picture that alone you do not have the potential that a mere 1000 people have and with a group you see that your profit potential is much greater because your total capital is much greater and gives you more opportunities and greater flexibility . with banks making record profits of $ 800 000 000 - $ 1 . 5 billion and over a year and with unjustified service charges . we would like to present a new way of battling this service charge frenzy and to contribute back to the community by helping any one of our list of charitable organisations or one of your choice . below is a brief description of our investment objective . our bank will concentrate on the usage of the internet to reduce overhead as well as have the upmost personal touch for commercial , personal and private banking . our sevice charges , which will be few , will be unbeatable . you do n't have to maintain a fixed minimum balance , no costly wire transfer fees . no balance inquiry atm fees and no withdrawal fees . check processing fees will be low as well as many other fees , if any . we also will select a group of charities in which 5 - 8 % of our profits will go to , if you have a charity in mind please e-mail the charitys home page url or send documentation by mail to the address below . debit card facilities as well as checking accounts will be available for quick easy access to clients cashflow . panama has also been infamous for their banking secrecy , they have 116 different banks and are subjected to strict secrecy laws , so for whatever reason you might have for keeping your assets confidential , banking in panama can definitely cater to your needs . please print and fill out the contract below , also enclose your contact informations and e-mail address on a blank piece of paper . make all checks payable to """" investnet """" and mail to the address below . for large investments we can arrange for an interest bearing investment deposit while we are completing the investment objective . we are also accepting investments below $ 1 000 . 00 usd . in the event the objective to bring together $ 1 000 000 . 00 usd for the investment project , if our attempt to register a bank in panama fails , as is stated in the contract certain funds will be totally refunded and you will be frequently notified of the status of the investment via e-mail . we also specialize in offshore banking and private trusts , please feel free to write us with your requirements at the address below . power is in numbers , let 's get together and make the difference ! yours sincerely , mr . eric wilhem administrator investnet 116 west service road # 130 champlain , ny 12919 this contract binds you """" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """" and """" investnet corp . """" in agreement to the following articles . 1 . that any investment deposit made by yourself or on behalf of another person or corporation , trust fund , insurance company or investment club , will be kept in escrow for the investment objective in question . 2a . investnet corp will inform you on a regular basis via e-mail on the status of the investment objective at hand . b . investnet corp will also inform you on completion of the investment objective and your future status as a shareholder upon completion and approval by the required bodies concerning this investment type . c . the investment in question and its ' type being in a short description """" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """" . 3a . the total time period for the investment objective shall not exceed 3 years from this contract date and in the event the investment objective is not reached you shall be notified of the administrators decision to terminate and liquidate funds at his discretion and not exceeding one year from the notification date . b . any investment below $ 101 . 00 usd will not be returned if the investment objective is not completed but will be donated to a charity of our choice . c . any investment above $ 100 . 00 usd will be returned when the ruling administrator has given notification for termination of the investment objective and liquidation of funds . 4 . any seperate agreement with """" investnet corp . """" shall no longer bind investnet and the party in question as of the date of the new agreement . """" interest bearing deposits """" 5a . """" investnet corp . """" will pay upon liquidation the interest accrued by the particular investment , unless otherwise agreed . b . the interest rate to which """" investnet corp """" agrees to pay on fluctuating investment instruments will be paid out accordingly and follow the market in question . 6 . any interest bearing investment deposit shall be converted to the appropriate amount of shares deemed by investnet upon finalisation of the public offering , and delivery shall commence therafter . dated : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sole or joint signature ( s ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """" investnet corp . ( acting administrator ) investment interest bearing deposit schedule any investment of $ 10 000 . 00 usd + will be given special consideration . * note : this is an annual rate . 100-3000 3 . 5 % 3000-5000 4 . 5 % 5000-25000 5 . 5 ( special rate for your first 5000-25000 ) 25000 + 4 . 5 investnet corp . 116 west service road # 130 champlain , ny 12919
 "",1
 111,""Subject: web promotion spider
  
  web promote spider with well over 80 million documents on the web today , getting your site noticed is a difficult process . going to each search engine , link page , directory , and newsgroup to manually submit your page could realistically take weeks to complete . announcing the web promote spider ! created specifically to meet the needs of those who want their web pages to get noticed and placed in the top of the search engines ! the spider automates the process of submitting your site and uses powerful technology to get your site listed in the top positions . we ' ve developed the web promote spider for windows 95 and nt . this amazing program automatically submits your site to over 250 ( the list grows daily ) major search engines and directories ! plus , the web promote spider has an expert html reader system inside . it will change certain contents of your html text and automatically prepare needed information for online registration in search engines to optimize your pages and get them listed on top . originally engineered for use by the professional advertising industry , this program is easy and intuitive to use . beginners will be amazed at how simple it is to take complete control over their search engines and index marketing efforts . the web promote spider is an industrial strength marketing tool and an extremely valuable part of any publicity campaign . with this kind of power , it should come as no surprise that many of our customers have even built profitable on-line promotional businesses with this product and their existing internet connection ! with your payment of only $ 49 . 95 ( standard version ) you will receive the current web promotion spider program . also , you can have all the new upgrades free . each upgrade will have a list of new internet search engines / online directories and , of course , new features . plus , you get free upgrades which come out twice a month with new features and new search engines . register now and you ' ll continue to get our upgrades , which keep the program up-to - date and getting better and better ! now submitting to 250 + search engines , free . we are proud to announce that we now have two powerful versions of the web promote spider , our standard version and our brand new pro version . our standard version is designed for those individuals who have one or two sites that they want to be able to submit , and want to see dramatic increases in their sites visibility . our pro version is designed for isp 's , webmasters , hosting providers , and anyone who has multiple sites they need to promote thoroughly . while the standard version does track all registration campaigns for you , it can still be somewhat time intensive if you register several sites at once , or on a regular basis . you can see why the web promote spider is taking the net by storm ! professional version while the standard version of this product seems to meet the promotional needs of most of our customers , we also recognize the need for an ' industrial strength ' version of web promote spider . the professional version is designed for isp 's , webmasters , hosting providers , and anyone who has multiple sites they need to promote thoroughly . while the standard version tracks all registration campaigns for you , it can still be time intensive if you have to register several sites at once . to make this easier and more efficient for our customers , we have added several new features to the brand new professional version : deep promotion - this feature will automatically explore every internal link in your site , and develop registration information for each page for you automatically . for instance , in the standard version , if you have a 30 page site , you would have to run web promote spider thirty times , manually inputting each page into the registration queue . in the professional version , this is all automatic , and can be done in a matter of minutes . batch processing - if you are responsible for registering or maintaining several sites , you will find this feature particularly useful . you can load in multiple sites , and set the program to run all the sites at once , generating and saving a separate registration report on each . this report can easily be copied to the windows clipboard for pasting into reports , email , etc . expanded promotion resources - while the standard version of the spider will submit to 250 registration resources this list will continue to grow but not as quickly as what 's being planned on the professional version . the pro version currently has 400 and will soon have at least 1 , 000 automatic registration options / resources . if you ' re a previous owner of the standard version , the cost is only $ 49 . 95 to upgrade ! if you ' re a first time user and would like to start using the pro version right away , the cost is $ 99 . 90 . for more info please visit our web site at : http : / / www . gaura . com / software / sys . htm to order order by fax visa or mastercard fax : ( 425 ) 379-9722 we will give you the address to download the program or for an extra $ 10 . 00 we ' ll send your the program on cd - rom name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ home phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ work phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ standard version $ 49 . 95 _ _ pro version $ 99 . 90 _ _ upgrade $ 49 . 95 ( from standard to pro , if you already have the standard version ) _ _ _ send cd - rom $ 10 . 00 _ _ _ provide download address . . no charge _ _ _ _ _ total visa _ _ _ mastercard _ _ _ _ account number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i understand that all sales are final . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",1
 112,""Subject: re : ems simply the best for the best $
  
  remove instructions below . all remove requests are respectfully immediately the cutting edge of e-mail technology : """" express mail server """" from imc for only $ 275 for a limited time only ! this is the best of all e-mail programs , we know we have tried them all . if your reading this message , that only proves it works you will not find it anywhere for less you can download a demo for free from our full service web site , complete with step by step instructional tutorial ! visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc try before you buy ! we know you will love it ! it 's a bulk e-mailers dream come true , at last ! the same software goes for $ 695 . 00 ! you can also get it for $ 495 . 00 from l . s . enterprises you can call : 808-876 - 1550 and get more information or order a copy today for $ 275 ( for a limited time only ) . or fax your order / info request to : ( 808 ) 878-6869 ( include your name , phone number , e-mail address ) visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc we also have 60 million e-mail addresses and an excellent """" remove list """" service available for only $ 99 . we accept all major credit cards : visa * master card * american express * discover card we can also accept checks by fax ! simply fax your check to : 808-878 - 6869 so do n't hesitate , call today this offer is for a limited time only ! what is express mail server ? express mail server ( ems ) bulk e-mail software is the only thing that works . ems transforms your computer into a personal mail server . with no additional hardware , ems software will give you complete control of your mailings , because the mail you send will originate from your computer and be delivered directly into the mailbox of your recipient . since the mail originates from your computer , it is no longer necessary to use your internet service provider 's mail server . when you use the previous generation stealth or cloaking type programs , they work by uploading your mail to your provider 's mail server . they can also be programmed to send mail through other providers mail servers without authorization ( this is considered theft of service ) . the problem is , the previous generation stealth type programs upload the messages faster than these mail servers can process them . many times this causes a provider 's mail server to bog down and crash . obviously , this will make providers furious with you . furthermore , you may think that you are sending hundreds of thousands of messages , unfortunately , most of it simply gets filtered and deleted by the mail server . you are lucky to get 10 % - 20 % of that mail delivered . with ems software your computer emulates a mail server and you actually control and watch all your mail being delivered piece by piece . there is a 100 % delivery rate with this program anywhere on the internet . we did say 100 % delivery rate to any internet email addresses . a bold claim but it is true . this is the latest technical advance in bulk email since the advent of the stealth type programs . this program verifies domains and validity of email addresses before sending mail . this dramatically reduces your bounced back undeliverables . bounced back undeliverables can sure bog down a server . you can also control where you want any bounced back mail to go . it can go to any email address you want with ems . ems can work with any dial up internet account , ( aol is not considered a dial up internet account ) an isdn line or a t - 1 or t - 3 . it runs on windows 95 or nt . we have not heard of any person losing a dial up account with this software . one reason bulk email is so frowned upon with numerous isp 's ( internet service providers ) is people try to send as much mail as they can , as quick as they can and crash the mail server of the isp . this won't happen with ems software since you do n't since you do n't use the mail server of the isp to send your mail . the program actually sends the mail directly from your computer , which is now , a bona fide mail server , to the recipients mail server avoiding any potential blocks that would prevent you from reaching those on your mailing list . you do not have to """" forge """" headers or randomize anything to have 100 % of your mail delivered , although the program does allow for randomization and customizing of headers . you can send mail omitting the """" to """" """" from """" and """" reply to """" portions of your headers . want to send out your messages in color . this is not a problem with ems . just select a font color with your mouse , and then click on a background color as well . want to make your font bold or put it into italics , just point and click . want your message centered or shifted left or right , once again just point and click . unlike all of the others , ( which are all the same , but go by different names ) this software is very straightforward and easy to use . if you can log on to aol , you already know more about computers than you 'd need to use ems . we also provide technical support by phone to answer any questions you may have . ems works with any windows 95 or nt computer . it requires no additional hardware or software . the ems software sends at speeds up to 80 , 000 messages per hour delivered using a modest pentium and a 28 . 8 modem . rates will dramatically increase with an isdn or cable modem and of course with a t - 1 they will be even faster . if you want to take advantage of this breakthrough in bulk email technology give us a call on the number below . we do n't plan on repeat mailings for this product so take advantage of this opportunity . the cost to you is $ 275 . 00 ! money well spent if you consider that you can buy stealth ( or the many others like it . . . they all operate the same way ) for $ 400 . you might be happy with stealth if you do n't mind frequent loss of dial-up accounts , and lot of complaints . not getting a lot of your mail delivered due to blocks and crashed mail servers deleting your mail , along with the resulting low response rate from your mailings , all of which defeated the purpose of e-mailing in the first place ! few people are aware of this new technology , so you are already leaps and bounds ahead of any competition . using this , you can sell anything you wish , over and over . also , consider that you may decide to offer a mailing service to others . you ' ve probably gotten e-mails that claim they can send your advertisement e-mail for a cost of $ 200 per 100 , 000 . what most people do n't realize is that only 20 or 30 of the mail they pay these people to get sent actually gets delivered ! this mailing service is very profitable , and using this software , you can advertise that service to millions for free ! we also have cd roms with 60 million addresses to help you start . with your purchase , visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc call i . m . c at : phone : ( 808 ) 876-1550 fax : ( 808 ) 878-6869 and place your order today while supplies last and we ' ll be happy to send you a demo copy and answer any questions you may have . or call us and we will give you our full service web site addresses to be removed from our mailing list or to be added to our """" global remove list """" simply go to : http : / / www . ctct . com all remove requests are respectfully immediately
 "",1
 113,""Subject: a great business opportunity just for you !
  
  hello ! about two months ago i received it again and , because of the catchy subject line , i finally read it . afterwards , i thought , """" ok , i give in , i ' m going to try this . i can certainly afford to invest $ 20 and , on the other hand , there 's nothing wrong with creating a little excess cash . """" i promptly mailed four $ 5 bills and , after receiving the reports , paid a friend of mine a small fee to send out some e-mail advertisements for me . after reading the reports , i also learned how easy it is to bulk e-mail for free ! i was not prepared for the results . every day for the last six weeks , my p . o . box has been overflowing with $ 5 bills ; many days the excess fills up an extra mail bin and i ' ve had to upgrade to the corporate-size box ! i am stunned by all the money that keeps rolling in ! my husband and i have been saving for several years to make a substantial downpayment on a house . now , not only are we purchasing a house with 40 % down , we ' re going to venice , italy to celebrate ! i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be prepared to eventually set aside about an hour each day to follow up ( and count your money ! ) , you will make at least as much money as we did . if you can open an envelope , remove the money , and send an e-mail message , then you ' re on your way to the bank . take the time to read this so you ' ll understand how easy it is . if i can do this , so can you ! = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = * * * print this now for future reference * * * the following income opportunity is one you may be interested in taking a look at . it can be started with very little investmentand the income return is tremendous ! ! ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ you are about to make at least $ 50 , 000 in less than 90 days ! please read the enclosed program . . . then read it again ! ! ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legitimate , legal , money making opportunity . it does not require you to come into contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house except to get the mail . if you believe that someday you ' ll get that big break that you ' ve been waiting for , this is it ! simply follow the instructions , and your dream will come true . this multi-level e-mail order marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time . e - mail is the sales tool of the future . take advantage of this non-commercialized method of advertising now ! ! ! the longer you wait , the more people will be doing business using e-mail . get your piece of this action ! ! ! multi-level marketing ( mlm ) has finally gained respectability . it is being taught in the harvard business school , and both stanford research and the wall street journal have stated that between 50 % and 65 % of all goods and services will be sold through multi-level methods by the mid to late 1990 's . this is a multi - billion dollar industry and of the 500 , 000 millionaires in the u . s . , 20 % ( 100 , 000 ) made their fortune in the last several years in mlm . moreover , statistics show 45 people become millionaires everyday through multi - level marketing . the enclosed information is something i almost let slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . my name is christopher erickson . two years ago , the corporation i worked at for the past twelve years down-sized and my position was eliminated . after unproductive job interviews , i decided to open my own business . over the past year , i incured many unforeseen financial problems . i owed my family , friends and creditors over $ 35 , 000 . the economy was taking a toll on my business and i just could n't seem to make ends meet . i had to refinance and borrow against my home to support my family and struggling business . at that moment something significant happend in my life and i am writing to share the experience in hopes that this will change your life forever financially ! ! ! in mid december , i received this program via e-mail . six month 's prior to receiving this program i had been sending away for information on various business opportunities . all of the programs i received , in my opinion , were not cost effective . they were either too difficult for me to comprehend or the initial investment was too much for me to risk to see if they would work or not . one claimed that i would make a million dollars in one year . . . it did n't tell me i 'd have to write a book to make it ! but like i was saying , in december of 1995 i received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off a mailing list . thank goodness for that ! ! ! after reading it several times , to make sure i was reading it correctly , i could n't believe my eyes . here was a money making phenomenon . i could invest as much as i wanted to start , without putting me further into debt . after i got a pencil and paper and figured it out , i would at least get my money back . after determining the program was legal and not a chain letter , i decided """" why not . """" initially i sent out 10 , 000 e-mails . it cost me about $ 15 . 00 for my time on-line . the great thing about e-mail is that i do n't need any money for printing to send out the program , only the cost to fulfill my orders . i am telling you like it is , i hope it does n't turn you off , but i promised myself that i would not """" rip-off """" anyone , no matter how much money it cost me ! in less than one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by january 13 , i had received 26 orders for report # 1 . when you read the guarantee in the program , you will see that """" you must receive 15-20 orders for report # 1 within 2 weeks . if you don ' t , send out more programs until you do ! """" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in 20-90 days was done . by january 30 , i had received 196 orders for report # 2 . if you go back to the guarantee , """" you must receive 100 + orders for report # 2 within 2 weeks . if not , send out more programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goal """" well , i had 196 orders for report # 2 , 96 more than i needed . so i sat back and relaxed . by march 19 , of my e-mailing of 10 , 000 , i received $ 58 , 000 with more coming in every day . i paid off all my debts and bought a much needed new car . please take time to read the attatched program , it will change your life forever ! ! ! remember , it won't work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place . it won't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! report # 2 explains this . always follow the guarantee , 15-20 orders for report # 1 , and 100 + orders for report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or more in 20-90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i am sorry . it really is a great opportunity with little cost or risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to financial security . if you are a fellow business owner and are if financial trouble like i was , or you want to start your own business , consider this a sign . i did ! sincerely , christopher erickson p . s . do you have any idea what 11 , 700 $ 5 bills ( $ 58 , 000 ) look like piled up on a kitchen table ? it ' s awesome ! a personal note from the orginator of this program : by the time you have read the enclosed program and reports , you should have concluded that such a program , and one that is legal , could not have been created by an amateur . let me tell you a little about myself . i had a profitable business for 10 years . then in 1979 my business began falling off . i was doing the same things that were previously successfull for me , but it was n't working . finally , i figured it out . it was n't me , it was the economy . inflation and recession had replaced the stable economy that had been with us since 1945 . i do n't have to tell you what happend to the unemployment rate . . . because many of you know from first hand experience . there were more failures and bankruptcies than ever before . the middle class was vanishing . those who knew what they were doing invested wisely and moved up . those who did not , including those who never had anything to save or invest , were moving down into the ranks of the poor . as the saying goes , """" the rich get richer and the poor get poorer . """" the traditional methods of making money will never allow you to """" move up """" or """" get rich """" , inflation will see to that . you have just received information that can give you financial freedom for the rest of your life , with """" no risk """" and """" just a little bit of effort . """" you can make more money in the next few months than you have ever imagined . i should also point out that i will not see a penny of this money , nor anyone else who has provided a testimonial for this program . i have already made over 4 million dollars ! i have retired from the program after sending out over 16 , 000 programs . now i have several offices that make this and several other programs here and over seas . by the spring we wish to market the """" internet """" by a partnership with america on line . follow the program exactly as instructed . do not change it in any way . it works exceedingly well as it is now . remember to e-mail a copy of this exciting report to everyone you can think of . one of the people you send this to may send out 50 , 000 . . . and your name will be on everyone of them ! remember though , the more you send out the more potential customers you will reach . so my friend , i have given you the ideas , information , materials and opportunity to become financially independent , it is up to you now ! """" think about it """" before you delete this program from your mailbox , as i almost did , take a little time to read it and really think about it . get a pencil and figure out what could happen when you participate . figure out the worst possible response and no matter how you calculate it , you will still make a lot of money ! you will definitely get back what you invested . any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . it works ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc here ' s how this amazing program will make you $ $ $ $ $ let 's say that you decide to start small , just to see how it goes , and we ' ll assume you and all those involved send out only 2 , 000 programs each . let 's also assume that the mailing receives a 0 . 5 % response . using a good list the response could be much better . also many people will send out hundreds of thousands of programs instead of 2 , 000 . but continuing with this example , you send out only 2 , 000 programs . with a 0 . 5 % response , that is only 10 orders for report # 1 . those 10 people respond by sending out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 20 , 000 . out of those 0 . 5 % , 100 people respond and order report # 2 . those 100 mail out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 200 , 000 . the 0 . 5 % response to that is 1 , 000 orders for report # 3 . those 1 , 000 send out 2 , 000 programs each for a 2 , 000 , 000 total . the 0 . 5 % response to that is 10 , 000 orders for report # 4 . that 's 10 , 000 $ 5 bills for you . cash ! ! ! your total income in this example is $ 50 + $ 500 + $ 5 , 000 + $ 50 , 000 for a total of $ 55 , 550 ! ! ! remember friend , this is assuming 1 , 990 out of the 2 , 000 people you mail to will do absolutely nothing and trash this program ! dare to think for a moment what would happen if everyone , or half sent out 100 , 000 programs instead of 2 , 000 . believe me , many people will do just that , and more ! by the way , your cost to participate in this is practically nothing . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 3 will show you the best methods for bulk e-mailing and obtaining e-mail lists . instructions : we at erris mail order marketing businesses , have a method of raising capital that really works 100 % everytime . i am sure that you could use $ 50 , 000 to $ 125 , 000 in the next 20-90 days . before you say """" bull . . . """" , please read this program carefully . this is not a chain letter , but a perfectly legal money making opportunity . basically , this is what you do : as with all multi-level business , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the usa allows you to recruit new multi-level business partners , and we offer a product for every dollar sent . your orders come and are filled through the mail , so you are not involved in personal selling . you do it privately in your own home , store or office . this is the greatest multi - level mail order marketing anywhere : step ( 1 ) order all four ( 4 ) reports listed by name and number . do this by ordering the report from each of the four ( 4 ) names listed on the next page . for each report , send $ 5 cash and a self-addressed stamped envelope ( business size # 10 ) to the person listed for the specific report . international orders should also include $ 1 extra for postage . it is essential that you specify the name and number of the report requested to the person you are ordering it from . you will need all four ( 4 ) reports because you will be reprinting and reselling them . do not alter the names or sequence other than what the instructions say . important : always provide same-day service on all orders . step ( 2 ) replace the name and address under report # 1 with your 's , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . drop the name and address under report # 2 to report # 3 , moving the one that was there to report # 4 . the name and the address that was under report # 4 is dropped from the list and this party is no doubt on the way to the bank . when doing this , make certain you type the names and addresses accurately ! ! ! do not mix up moving product / report positions ! ! ! step ( 3 ) having made the requested changes in the name list , save it as text ( . txt ) file in it 's own directory to be used with whatever e-mail program you like . again , report # 3 will tell you the best methods of bulk e-mailing and acquiring e-mail lists . step ( 4 ) e - mail a copy of the entire program ( all of this is very important ) to everyone whose address you can get your hands on . start with friends and relatives since you can encourage them to take advantage of this fabulous money-making opportunity . that 's what i did . and they love me now , more than ever . then , e-mail to anyone and everyone ! use your imagination ! you can get e-mail addresses from companies on the internet who specialize in e-mail mailing lists . these are very cheap , 100 , 000 addresses for around $ 35 . important : you won't get a good response if you use an old list , so always request a fresh , new list . you will find out where to purchase these lists when you order the four ( 4 ) reports . always provide same-day service on all orders ! ! ! required reports : * * * order each report by number and name * * * always send a self-addressed , stamped envelope and $ 5 cash for each order requesting the specific report by name and number . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """" order report # 1 from : kathy smith 5312 s . e . 30 ave ocala , fl 34480-7524 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """" major corporations and multi-level sales """" order report # 2 from : micro info publishing inc . 2107 w . commonwealth ave . dept . 264 alhambra , ca 91803 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """" sources for the best mailing lists """" order report # 3 from : som co . 2168 s . atlantic blvd . # 101 monterey park , ca 91754 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """" evaluating multi-level sales plans """" order report # 4 from : kal inc . p . o . box 2433 glenview , il . 60025-2433 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conclusion : i am enjoying my fortune that i made by sending out this program . you too , will be making money in 20-90 days , if you follow the simple steps outlined in this mailing . to be financially independent is to be free . free to make financial decisions as never before . go into business , get into investments , retire or take a vacation . no longer will a lack of money hold you back . however , very few people reach financial independence , because when opportunity knocks , they choose to ignore it . it is much easier to say """" no """" than """" yes """" , and this the question that you must answer . will you ignore this amazing opportunity or will you take advantage of it ? if you do nothing , you have indeed missed something and nothing will change . please re-read this material , this is a special opportunity . if you have any questions , please feel free to write to the sender of this information . you will get a prompt and informative reply . my method is simple . i sell thousands of people a product for $ 5 that cost me pennies to produce and e-mail . i should also point out that this program is legal and everyone who participates will make money . this is not a chain letter or a pyramid scam . at times you probably received chain letters , asking you to send money , on faith , but getting nothing in return , no product what-so - ever ! not only are chain lettters illegal , but the risk of someone breaking the chain makes them quite unattractive . you are offering a legitimate product to your people . after they purchase the product from you , they reproduce more and resell them . it 's simple free enterprise . as you learned from the enclosed material , the product is a series of four ( 4 ) financial and business reports . the information contained in these reports will not only help you in making your participation in this program more rewarding , but will be useful to you in any other business decisions you make in the years ahead . you are also buying the rights to reprint all of the reports , which will be ordered from you by those to whom you mail this program . the concise one and two page reports you will be buying can easily be reproduced at a local copy center for a cost of about 3 cents a copy . best wishes with the program and good luck !
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 114,""Subject: hey : )
  
  click here to recieve your free 1 month membership to the best adult sites on the internet ! we feature lesbians . . anal . . teens . . babes . . asian . . & group pics ! ! . . limited time only . . sign up now ! you must be at least 18 years to access this site .
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 115,""Subject: do you need to know his or her background ? want to know his or her background ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? need to know his or her background ?
  
  locate anyone anywhere in usa * * * * * * * old friends lost loved ones deadbeat dads and moms our fee is $ 50 . 00 ( for locating ) other searches we perform are : assets criminal background marriage / divorce workmen compensation business credit reports drivers license records non - published phone numbers national real estate social security death file bankruptcy liens and judgments corporation profiles national credit reports personal or corporate pre - employment background pre - trial comprehensive reports non - published phone # s bank asset information safe deposit searches stocks , bonds , etc . search usa for more information call 1-888 - 464-5458 - ask for mr . jenkins * visa / master / discovery cards accepted 24 hour service * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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 116,""Subject: link correction : 10 million $ sweepstakes
  
  download 9 million direct / filtered / mass mail friendly email addresses online for 48 hours completely free of charge and enter our new 10 million dollar sweepstakes today ! : - ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ click _ me _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ after 48 hours free trial period ends you have the option to purchase the below service : world 's largest direct email list now available on cd-rom . 61 million freshly filtered / opt-in / mass mail friendly listings are all yours for just $ 399 . 99 . we offer a generous 60 trial evaluation period and full satisfaction , money-back guarantee . an unbeatable , risk-free oppportunity for you . included with your cd-rom purchase is 1 year of full access to our online database of new email addresses . ( approx . 750 , 00 - 1 million added weekly ) for a limited time only , order now and receive a bonus cd-rom containing one free , fully licensed bulk mailing program . choose from one of the following : extractor pro 98 , direct mail 2 . 2 , stealth massmailer4 , email magnet v4 . 0 or divine intervention mmx2 . for further info and to place your order on our secure real time server cli ck _ now to order by mail , please send credit card billing info ( we accept amex , visa , mastercard , diner 's club & discover cards ) , personal checks and money orders also accepted for payment . fedex delivery of your order is provided free of charge . send payments to : webmasterfx billing suite # 102 511 avenue of the americas new york , ny 10011 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - headers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - return - path : received : from relay23 . mx . aol . com ( relay23 . mail . aol . com [ 172 . 31 . 106 . 69 ] ) by air17 . mail . aol . com ( v42 . 1 ) with smtp ; sun , 19 apr 1998 02 : 43 : 37 - 0400 received : from localhost . localhost ( mon-pq 7-12 . netcom . ca [ 207 . 181 . 93 . 76 ] ) by relay23 . mx . aol . com ( 8 . 8 . 5 / 8 . 8 . 5 / aol - 4 . 0 . 0 ) with esmtp id caa29655 ; sun , 19 apr 1998 02 : 39 : 40 - 0400 ( edt ) from : root @ 207 . 181 . 93 . 76 received : from localhost by localhost . localhost ; sun , 19 apr 98 02 : 38 : 24 - 0400 date : sun , 19 apr 98 02 : 06 : 05 est to : foryou @ ez-mail 672 . net subject : hi message - id : comments : authenticated sender is
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 117,""Subject: do you need to know his or her background ? ? ? ? ? ?
  
  locate anyone anywhere in usa * * * * * * * old friends lost loved ones deadbeat dads and moms our fee is $ 50 . 00 ( for locating ) other searches we perform are : assets criminal background marriage / divorce workmen compensation business credit reports drivers license records non - published phone numbers national real estate social security death file bankruptcy liens and judgments corporation profiles national credit reports personal or corporate pre - employment background pre - trial comprehensive reports non - published phone # s bank asset information safe deposit searches stocks , bonds , etc . search usa for more information call 1-888 - 464-5458 - ask for mr . jenkins * visa / master / discovery cards accepted 24 hour service * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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 118,""Subject: profit on technology !
  
  ( pardon this intrusion , you were mentioned as someone who would have an interest in technology ) we are in the beginning of an exciting , """" trillion dollar emerging market """" in technology . in the next 3 minutes below , i will show you how to capitalize on this extraordinary trend ! here 's the trillion dollar trend in american business that i ' m speaking of ! you may have noticed over the past few months the incredible number of billion dollar mergers in us business . huge mergers like worldcom and mci , travelers and citicorp - the list is endless but they one common thread - services , services , services ! ! services like : travel services , banking services , telephony services , entertainment services and utility services . all of these services that you , i and everyone we know use , are being combined into one , trillion dollar market of """" bundled services """" . services have been the fastest growing segment of the us economy for a number of years but this """" bundled services """" market is new . these are services that everyone uses - everyday , offered from one , simple source ! why are """" bundled services """" such a big deal ? let 's add it up : banking services = hundreds of billions travel services = hundred of billions telephony services = $ 200 billion in us , $ 1 trillion worldwide ( internet access , paging , cellular , long distance , local dial , cable tv , digital satellite , voice mail , virtual office , web tv ) utilities ( being deregulated now ) : electricity = $ 250 billion , gas = $ 70 bill . internet commerce = $ 8 billion ( projected to reach $ 350 billion in 5 years ) in short , """" bundled services """" are every conceivable service that you , i and everyone we know uses . a war is waging for these huge markets with the largest service companies in the world , and millions will be made from those entrepreneurs who position themselves in front of this trend . these service / technology companies are buying companies left and right so they can offer more services . these companies are fighting tooth and nail because they know something most of us do n't know . as a gte study reveals , when a customer enrolls on a single service they will stay on that service for an average of 2 years , with two services the average moves to 4 years . when a customer enrolls on 3 services , they will stay with that provider for an incredible average of 20 years ! imagine the cash flow on just one customer using 3 - 6-10 - 20 services , for 20 years . what would that cash flow be worth ? a whole bunch , and that 's why the race is on . the first company to get customers on 3 or more services - wins ! that 's why these service companies are spending billions in advertising to attract customers . but . . . these huge , traditional service companies have a serious problem . they can not get directly in front these customers . even if they could send someone directly over , would they find them at home ? if they were at home , would they let them in their house ? people decide on which service companies they wish to use , based on recommendations from people they know ! here 's my point : who better to make recommendations for services than from the people you know ! we do this unconsciously everyday anyway - now you can get paid for it ! we simply , and very passively , offer people we know , a """" free package of services """" designed to save them money and make their life simpler . the more they use the more they save ! this package will make their life easier with single billing for all the services they use . we can save them money by leveraging our parent companies $ 1 . 6 billion dollar buying power to offer the most competitive prices available anywhere for this package ! it gets even better ! we are not talking about no-name companies with questionable service . we are talking about the biggest service and technology companies in the world ! companies that are already a household name . these companies realize that """" word of mouth """" is the best way to get in front of customers . your associates & friends win , and you win ! they handle all the service / customer support - we just make the recommendation ( this could be as simple as passing out a brochure ) . services can create a true residual income ( no inventories here ! ) . what could an extra $ 10 - $ 50 , 000 a year do for your family - for the next 20 years ? with a more concentrated effort , the potential is """" income replacement """" and beyond . in addition to the monthly residual income you will earn on these services , you may also earn over rides on other re-marketers . the system of delivering services in the next evolutionary step in networking - we call it """" internetworking """" . the reason we call it """" internetworking """" is that everything can be accomplished via the internet . given the trillion dollar size of this untapped market , our financial backing and billion dollar partners , we project that we will be a billion dollar company and household name in 3 years . you are learning about us in the first 30 days ! timing is everything . imagine if you talked with an associate who has numerous property management contacts . let 's say this contact of yours knew several property managers who own thousands of rental units . the property management company could offer these services to thousands of tenants . the property management company earns a fortune , your associate earns a fortune and you earn a fortune . this is leveraged income ! there are hundreds of ways to market this because everyone uses these services . as a matter of fact , who do you know that would not be interested in saving money on their service bills , with the same top grade service companies and have the convenience of a single bill ? in summary , bundled services are a trillion dollar untapped market , ripe for entrepreneurs with vision . customers get the same quality service from the largest providers but now through one source ! because of our buying power and the fact you afford to give bigger discounts when customers are using more services ( bundled ) , it 's a win / win situation , and represents one of the largest business trends of this century . . . food for thought . . . social psychologists tell us that each person runs into at least two opportunities that could in fact , reshape their lives . the question here is this , is this your first opportunity or your last ? an interesting question . with a simple investigation , you will determine this opportunity and company , is for real . if you ' re too busy , that 's exactly why you need to do this . in three years or less , you can create the lifestyle you wish , with the effort of course . get the facts and make an informed decision . please visit our site now : http : / / www . vwcs . com / pauld thank you for your attention , the wave 4 group ps : this is a one time mailing
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 119,""Subject: free marketing & money secrets
  
  / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / you have been selected to receive this message because of your presence on the world wide web . this is a one time message only . the sender has already removed you from any future mailings . but to be sure of compliance , just reply to the address below to be removed from the mailing list . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / attention : we spend alot of time targeting our mailings so that we reach the right people . if we have reached you in error , we are sorry for the inconvenience . thank you for your patience . dear friend , are you not fulfilling your financial dreams ? if you want to make more money by working for only a few hours each week ; what i am about to offer you is a chance to see a free website that can help you fulfill your financial goals . http : / / www . freeyellow . com / members4 / marketonline / index . html this website offers links to excellent business opportunities that just can't be passed up . you can even get a free website , and receive free valuable marketing tips on how to attract customers to your site . i believe them to be the best opportunities out there . but do n't take my word for it . come see this site for yourself . http : / / www . freeyellow . com / members4 / marketonline / index . html you have nothing to lose , and everything to gain . best wishes , marketing online associates p . s . opportunities are never lost , just found by someone else ! * * * to be removed from this mailing list , just email to this address marketingoa @ backpackers . com with the subject """" cancel """"
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 120,""Subject: hey there interested in some free xxx site 's ?
  
  click here and sign up for free xxx hardcore / softcore & any kind of pornography you want all of it is free and you only gotta sign up with one of them to visit all of the sites ! ! ! and trust me there 's alotta sites . . . . ( gay and straight )
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 121,""Subject: free stealth 3 . 0 bulk email software . . .
  
  just released . . . 30 , 000 , 000 email addresses ! plus 12 bonuses . . . including free stealth 3 . 0 bulk email software these addresses are less than 21 days old . earn insane profits with the right formula if you have a product , service , or message that you would like to get out = = 20 to thousands , hundreds of thousands , or even millions of people , you = 20 have several options . traditional methods include print advertising , direc = t = 20 mail , radio , and television advertising . they are all effective , but they = all = 20 have two catches : they ' re expensive and time consuming . not = 20 only that , you only get one shot at making your message heard , by = 20 the right people . the internet , the """" global communications frontier """" has changed = 20 this dramatically , including making countless individuals wealthy . = 20 """" electronic marketing , """" as it 's commonly referred to , has effectively = 20 leveled the playing fields of all types businesses . internet marketing group has been in the online marketing business = 20 for over 5 years . we can help make your goals come true . we have = 20 helped many individuals succeed in marketing their product = 20 effectively . it 's very simple to do . in fact soon you will have the = 20 problem of what to do with all the cash you will make from sending = 20 out bulk email . = 20 here is just one of many true success stories we have seen . . . we did a mailing of 1 1 / 2 million emails for one of our customers . he = 20 was selling a home workers manual for $ 29 . 95 . his results are very = 20 typical and scary . he took in over 700 orders ! 700 x $ 29 . 95 = 3d $ 20 , 000 . = 20 this gentleman was so amazed , that after being skeptical , it had = 20 really happened to him , he made it , he found a niche . that niche = 20 was email ! he went on to buy our full list and will be set for life in le = ss = 20 than six months time . all this from selling a simple manual via e . mail . that was just one of the many success stories we hear everyday . = 20 it may all sound to good to be true . well , we can tell you this . it reall = y = 20 does work . why else are so many individuals doing it ? they are not = 20 just wasting their time . they are all making mega bucks . do n't even hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most = 20 effective way to market anywhere . . period ! = 20 here ' s the bottom line and what we can do for you here is what you get when you order today ! > > 30 million email addresses . . . 1 per line in simple text format on a cd = = 2e multiple files of 250 , 000 or greater ( no codes needed to open files ) . = 20 you will receive email addresses of the following domains . . . aol , = 20 prodigy , compuserve , delphi , genie , juno , pipeline , = 20 interamp , msn , mci , and 5 million other mixed email = 20 addresses ( . com , . net ) . all names listed above are seperated = 20 in files by domain name for your convenience . plus these bonus specials . . . > > 2 free bulk email programs . . . pegasus and eudora . you will be able to load our names into these 2 distribution list software 's ( which will = 20 create distribution lists saving you hours of work ) for immediate , = 20 around the clock launching ! you can whip out as many distribution = 20 lists as you like , and depending on the speed of your modem and = 20 the length of your message , you will be able to send out around 10 , 000 to 30 , 000 messages per hour for free . > > """" stealth mass mailer """" bulk email . this is the most popular bulk = 20 emailer in the world . this is the full working verion of the program . = 20 this product sends over 250 , 000 per hour . ( value $ 399 . 00 ) > > setup instructions and tips for stealth mass mailer . > > free check by fax software ! ( $ 299 . 00 value ) > > where to get a free web page . > > super note pad . . . this software will help manage your large text = 20 files for you . > > winzip self extractor . . . this program will be needed when de-compressing a compressed file . it will come in handy when = 20 dealing with files of zip format . > > over 5 , 000 places to advertise for free ! > > """" profits 2500 series """" . . . 7 manuals that will teach you how to market = 20 on the internet and what offers work and which ones to stay clear of . = 20 also we will show you where to find web designers for free and much , = 20 much more . you get everything for only $ 99 . 00 > > > special bonus . . . if you order within 24 hours you can deduct $ 20 . 00 from the listed price . limited time only ! we have previously sold the seven manuals alone for over $ 400 . now = 20 you can have the complete package for the low price of only $ 79 . 00 do n't even hesitate on this one . . reserve yours today ! all lists are completely free of any duplicates . we also on a continual = 20 basis , add new names and remove undeliverables and remove = 20 requests . = 20 the result is the cleanest email addresses available anywhere = 20 to use over and over again , for a fraction of the cost that other = 20 companies charge . typical rates for acquiring email lists are from = 20 1 cent to as high as 3 cents per email address - that 's """" information highway """" robbery ! . how do i protect my e . mail address ? 1st of all , send your e . mail with the stealth mass mailer . this program w = ill protect your email address while sending your e . mail at speeds of up to 250 , 000 messages per hour ( 28 . 8 connection ) . 2nd , collect your inquiries and remove requests via autoresponders . usin = g autoresponders , you do n't even have to read the flames . just move them to your remove list and forget about them ! start earning mega money and get started now ! to order our email package , simply print out the ez order form = 20 below and call us anytime . we accept visa , mastercard , american express , personal check = 20 or money order . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ez order form = 20 call our 24 hour order line at : 1-561 - 697-0657 ( orders only ) we will deduct an additional $ 2 . 00 for all phone orders . = 20 _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to order your 30 , 000 , 000 email addresses = 20 plus all the bonuses for only $ 99 . 00 _ _ _ _ _ i am ordering within 24 hours ! please deduct $ 20 . 00 from the price making the total only $ 79 . 00 * please select one of the following for shipping . _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package overnight . i ' m including = 20 $ 12 for shipping . _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package proirity delivery . i ' m including = 20 $ 4 for shipping . _ _ _ _ please add $ 10 . 00 for all orders from outside the u . s . date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ type of credit card : = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ _ _ mastercard _ _ _ _ american express credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amount $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - best of luck ! ! we apologize if this e . mail was sent to you in error . to be permanently removed from all mailing lists simply go to http : / / www . antispam . org thank you ! thank you ! = e7 = 013 session 10 se
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 122,""Subject: please read .
  
  payless typing service 1624 n . robberson springfield , mo 65803 ( 417 ) 865-7096 moongoddess @ wwn . net to whom it may concern , friday , may 1 , 1998 greetings ! my name is vania . i have recently started a home typing service . i am writing this letter not only to introduce myself , but to offer my services in the above area as well . included in this area of business are the following : typing / mailing , data entry , records / bookkeeping , billing , and various other services depending on you ' re individual needs . i am anxious to get started so please do n't hesitate to contact me . sincerely , vania juarez
 "",1
 123,""Subject: hi !
  
  * * * this is not spam ! * * * my name is matthew . i make a habit of deleting mail i have not yet read , as i ' m sure you do also . please read this one though , you might find this interesting . i recently lost my high paying job from a major computer corporation due to their loss of a major contract . they messed up , but that whole dep ' t of 15 people including myself are hung out to dry . corporate america at it 's finest . i have not had luck yet finding another job , as my skills were very specific to that company and not really worth anything to another company . during the time i worked there , i also bought and sold real estate like those guys on tv . ( yes , you can do that and make it work for you too ) the key is i made it work . i was fairly successful until the """" nightmare on pleasant st . """" as my friends and i call it . . . i lost most of my money in that one bad deal and i was no longer financially secure and i relied heavily on my income from my former job . as you ' ve already heard , i lost that too and i started to look for other things i could make money to help me get back on my feet . so , i started to read all of the junk that people have mailed to me . let me tell you , i can't believe some of the things out there . . . what a waste of time . until i saw this . hold on . i know you are ( like i was ) ready to stop reading right here . i implore you not to . i ( like you ) am not some non-educated fool . i have made much money for myself in real estate , which is not an easy business . i am a rather competent business man . at least finish reading this until the end . * * better still : print this letter and read it in comfort over , and over here is what i saw . . . * i only needed $ 20 extra dollars to try this * this is making money for people who at least tried a little , so why not me too ? in desparation , i sent the four 5 dollar bills and got the reports . as i always have , i made this work for me too . i took much time and effort to learn about e-mail ( which is a great and free tool ! ! ) and how to send lots of it . now , 19 days after my first mailing of this , i have received roughly 8 , 450 responses . ( trust me , when my fiance ` saw 8 , 450 5 dollar bills on the kitchen table , she no longer laughed at me for trying this ) i wrote a report of my own showing step by step how to do the same which i will give to you for free as a helping hand so we can all continue this success . i will show you every step of cutting , pasting , editing this letter to include your name and address , etc . here is my special offer to help you . . . . as long as my address , basquiat at the evanston po box is on the list below i will send the step-by - step instructions and 100 , 000 e-mail addresses to anyone who orders any report from me . it took some time and expense to put this list together so all i ask is that you add another $ 5 for handling the addresses . the instructions for e _ mailing are free . they will come to you in a . txt format ( which i will teach you how to use in the instructions i ' ve put together ) and less than 2 % will be duplicates . you will get the list of addresses with your report . the first 160 people who order a report from me will receive a different set of addresses . this is my gift to you to help you get started . . . . i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be prepared to eventually set aside about an hour each day to follow up ( and count your money ! ) , you will make at least as much money as i am . you do n't need to be a whiz at the computer , but i ' ll bet you already are . if you can open an envelope , remove the money , and send an e-mail message , then you ' re on your way to the bank . take the time to read this so you ' ll understand how easy it is . if i can do this , so can you ! add this e-mail to ' favorite places ' by dragging the heart at the upper right corner of this window to the heart / folder picture next to the file cabinet . that way , you will have a copy of this for future use . go for it now ! ! matthew the following is a copy of the e-mail i read : $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then read it again ! ! ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its ability to generate large amounts of cash . this program is showing fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go to the bank ! this truly is that lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow the easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams will come true ! when followed correctly , this electronic , multi-level marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , cars , etc . , - even retire ! this is your chance , so do n't pass it up ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary electronic multi-level marketing program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - basically , this is what we do : we send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level businesses , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new business online ( via your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive via """" snail mail """" will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they ordered . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s it ! the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest electronic business anywhere ! follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if you do n't order them ) . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose name appears on the list next to the report . * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save them on your computer and resell them . * within a few days you will receive , via e-mail , each of the four save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send reports to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in steps """" a """" through """" d """" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , replace the name and address under report # 1 with your name and address , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . c . move the name and address that was under report # 2 down to report # 3 . d . move the name and address that was under report # 3 down to report # 4 . e . the name and address that was under report # 4 is removed from the list and has no doubt collected their 50 grand . please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address accurately ! ! ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this letter . 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the worldwide web ! advertising on the web is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . another avenue which you could use for advertising is e-mail lists . you can buy these lists for under $ 20 / 2 , 000 addresses or you can pay someone a minimal charge to take care of it for you . be sure to start your ad campaign immediately ! 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report - always send your order via first class mail - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets of paper - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and ( c ) your postal address . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """" how to reorganize your time to accommodate a home based business """" order report # 1 from : g & p enterprises po box 3544 lubbock , tx 79452 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """" major corporations and e-mail """" order report # 2 from : a&j advertising p . o . box 16057 st . paul , mn 55116-0057 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """" sources for the best mailing lists """" order report # 3 from : basqiuat po box 1963 evanston , il 60204 ( add an additional $ 5 . to cover handling the 100 , 000 e - mail addresses i will send you when you order any report from me . also note as well that you want the e - mailing instructions ( which is free ) sent to you . when you move my address down move this offer also . ( it will help us all . ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """" evaluating multi-level sales plans """" order report # 4 from : a basket affair 4505 hamptonshire drive raleigh , nc 27613 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think about it ! your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 3 shows you the most productive methods for bulk e-mailing and purchasing e-mail lists . some list & bulk e-mail vendors even work on trade ! about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which state that """" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . """" * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! note : if you need help with starting a business , registering a business name , how income tax is handled , etc . , contact your local office of the small business administration ( a federal agency ) for free help and answers to questions . also , the internal revenue service offers free help via telephone and free seminars about business taxes . * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving """" junk mail . """" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population and percentages involved . i """" knew """" it would n't work . doris totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old """" i told you so """" on her when the thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i have joined doris in her """" hobby . """" i did have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the """" rat race """" and it 's not for me . we owe it all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i surprised when i found my medium - size post office box crammed with orders ! for awhile , it got so overloaded that i had to start picking up my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't matter where in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to contact to get another copy , so i had to wait until i was e-mailed another program . . . 11 months passed then it came . . . i did n't delete this one ! . . . i made more than $ 41 , 000 on the first try ! ! d . wilburn , muncie , in this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! ! !
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 124,""Subject: conformation
  
  hello , i am attempting to clean my email list . your email has ended up in my inbox either because you emailed me , was included in the headers of an email sent to me , or you are a member of one of the many email friendly lists . however if you wish to not receive email from me then please reply with """" remove """" in the subject line and you will be respectively and immediatly removed . please if you have any doubts that you will or will not complain about getting a offer from me then please reply now . . . . i do not want any complaints from anyone about spams . . . thank you ! take care and have a beautiful day !
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 125,""Subject: dated material
  
  please follow the instructions of this letter very carefully , immediately print and read twice . greetings hopefully my name is still on the list below . i am a retired attorney , and about two years ago a man came to me with a letter . the letter he brought me is the same as the letter in front of you now . he asked me to verify the fact that this letter was legal . i told him that i would review it and get back to him . when i first read the letter i thought it was some off-the - wall idea to make money . a week later i met again with my client to discuss the issue . i told him that the letter originally brought to me was not 100 % legal . my client asked me to alter the letter to make it 100 % legal . i advised him to make a small change in the letter and it will be all right . i was curious about the letter , so he told me how it works . i thought it was a long shot , so i decided against participating . before my client left , i asked him to keep me updated as to his results . about two months later he called to tell me that he had received over $ 800 , 000 in cash ! ! i did n't believe him so he asked me to try the plan and see for myself . i thought about it for a few days and decided that there was not much to lose . i followed the instructions exactly and mailed out 200 letters . sure enough the money started coming in ! it came slowly at first , but after three weeks i was getting more than i could open in a day . after about three months the money stopped coming . i kept a precise record of my earnings and at the end it totaled $ 868 , 439 . 00 . i was earning a good living as a lawyer , but as anyone in the legal profession will tell you , there is a lot of stress that comes with the job . i told myself if things worked out i would retire from practice and play golf . i decided to try the letter again , but this time i sent out 500 letters out . well , three months after that i had totaled $ 2 , 344 , 178 . 00 ! i just could n't believe it . i met my old client for lunch to find out how this exactly works . he told me that there were a few similar letters going around . what made this one different is the fact that there are seven names on the letter , not five like most others . that fact alone resulted in more returns . the other factor was the advice i gave him in making sure the whole thing was perfectly legal , since no one wants to risk doing anything illegal . i bet now you are curious about what little changes i told him to make . well , if you send a letter like this out , to be legal , you must sell something if you expect to receive a dollar . i told him that anyone sending a dollar out must receive something in return . so when you send a dollar to each of the seven names on the list , you must include a slip of paper saying """" please put me on your mailing list """" and include your name , mailing address and e-mail address ( your phone # is optional ) . this is the key to the program ! the item you will receive for your dollar you send to the seven names below , is this letter and the right to earn thousands . we will be working together to improve each other 's lives ! follow the simple instructions below exactly , and in less than three months you will receive over $ 800 , 000 . 00 guaranteed ! ! ! ! a ) immediately send $ 1 . 00 to each of the seven people listed below . wrap the dollar in a note ( type or handwritten ) saying """" please add me to your mailing list """" and include your name , mailing address , and e-mail address . your phone number is optional . 1 - jal 8401 e . 60th st . # 2811 tulsa , ok 74145-5075 2 - lbm enterprises 167 hamilton st . oceanside , ca 92054 3 - s + k industries 641a puller pl san clemente , ca 92672 4 - smooth enterprises 205-38 abeyta ct , oceanside , ca 92054 5 - d&k cybermart 2281 annadale way , chula vista ca 91915 6 - arawak , 2442 n . main st . , suite 185 , gainesville , fl 32609 7 - mike m , p . o . box 89009 cp elysee , laval , quebec , h7w 5k1 b ) remove the name next to # 1 at the top of the list and move the rest of the names up on position . then place your name in the # 7 spot . this is best done by saving this to a file and enter in your information on line # 7 . be very careful when you type the addresses and proof read them . c ) when you have completed the above instructions you have options of mailing your new letter in two ways 1 ) through us postal service or 2 ) through e-mail . this letter has been proven perfectly legal for both ways as long as you follow the above instructions , because you ' re purchasing membership in our exclusive mailing list . to mail this out over the internet , you could browse through areas and find people to send this to all the time . all you have to do is cut and paste e-mail addresses wherever you are on the internet . remember , it does n't cost anything to mail on the internet . or you can use a mass e-mail network to mail it out in large volumes for you . we highly recommend this one . they always e-mail more than the amount you purchase and their addresses are fresh . e - mail this letter to them with your name and address in position # 7 above . bulk email is highly recommended for ease and efficiency . newsgroups tend to be very unreliable . just do a search on the web for bulk email . * * you will want to e-mail this to as many people as you can . this will bring you big payoffs . this company has been most effective for this program . * * * keep in mind that there is no limit to the amount of names you could send out . the more names you send the more money you will make . we strongly encourage you to mail this letter to family and friends and relatives as well . * * * this is a service and is 100 % legal ! ! ! ( refer to title 18 , section 1302 & 1342 of the u . s . postal and lottery laws ) assume for example you get a 7 . 5 % return rate , which is very conservative . my first attempt was about 9 . 5 % and my second time was over 11 % 1 ) when you mail out 200 letters , 15 people will send you $ 1 . 00 2 ) those 15 people mail out 200 letters and 225 people send you $ 1 . 00 3 ) those 225 people mail out 200 letters and 3 , 375 people send you $ 1 . 00 4 ) those 3 , 375 people mail out 200 letters and 50 , 625 people send you $ 1 . 00 5 ) those 50 , 625 people mail out 200 letters and 759 , 375 people send you $ 1 . 00 6 ) those 759 , 375 people mail out 200 letter and 11 , 390 , 625 people send you $ 1 . 00 at this point your name drops off the list . think about it . with only the first six levels you have received over $ 813 , 615 . 00 ! it works every time , but how well depends on how many letters you send out . in the example above you mailed out 200 letters , if you mailed out 500 letters , you would have received over $ 2 , 006 , 917 . 00 check the math yourself , i want you to , but i guarantee it is correct ! with this kind of return , you ' ve got to try it . try it once and you will do it again - guaranteed ! just make sure you send a dollar to each of the seven names on the list with a note to be added to their mailing list . together we will all prosper ! ! ! ps you ' ve read this far , so let me ask you one simple question . q - what have you got to lose a - only $ 7 . 00 what you can gain is an income , like the example in the letter . very small risk . very small expense , huge potential returns ! what do you have to lose ? i invite you to join our mailing list today ! wishing you happy success ! p . p . s . we have a 95 % return at this point ! ! !
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 126,""Subject: dear website operator
  
  hi , i thought this could help your success . feel free to call me with any questions . sincerely , jennifer powers 904-441 - 8080 env associates you will never receive a message from me again . * * * first time ever offered ! * * * keep your prospect pipeline - tm filled ! disappointed with traditional marketing ? maybe it 's time to consider ' business to business ' direct e - mail . forget the """" get rich quick """" schemes and $ 395 + software . forget the """" 60 million """" address cd 's that are filled with duplicates and even invalid , """" generated """" addresses , hidden in many different files that rarely add up to even a million prospects which are still unqualified . over 90 % are private personal addresses of people who do not want to be invaded and unless you have duplicate filtering software , you would be mailing many of them multiple times , with the same message ! no wonder they call it spam . you should respect their privacy . prospect pipeline - tm gets you started with the contact e-mail addresses from each of 100 , 000 unique commercial web sites ( e . g . www . mysite . com ) and a free 5 day trial of e - mail pump : software that does what every business needs done - - it keeps a pipeline of prospects coming . maybe it 's time you filled your pipeline ? prospect pipeline is the most reasonable marketing / announcement tool you ' ll ever find at $ 49 . 95 ( + s&h ) . you can continue to receive a fresh cd ( 100 , 000 new commercial addresses ) each month thereafter , at a 20 % discount . we can even deliver them to you automatically ! prospect pipeline - tm addresses are contact addresses from commercial web sites ( 100 % ' . com ' ) . a commercial domain ( . com ) is a business by definition and business people love to do business . you know the value of qualified prospects and how much time and money you can waste if they ' re not . this is an extremely reasonable offer ! get down to business today . stop waiting for prospects to find you . prospect pipeline - tm business to business package includes : 100 , 000 highly refined ( no duplicates ) commercial contact e - mail addresses in plain text files ready for mailing . a free , fully functional , 5 day trial of ' e - mail pump , ' the latest in direct mail software technology . start prospecting immediately ! e - mail pump includes a built in ' instant ' registration process via the internet . it 's also priced reasonably at $ 49 . 95 , should you decide to register . if you have any further questions or to place an order by phone , please do not hesitate to call us at : 904-441 - 8080 business hours are monday - saturday 9 : 00 am - 9 : 00 pm . to order by fax or postal mail , simply print out the order form below and fax or mail it to our office today . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * we accept us checks by fax , telephone and postal mail . money orders in us dollars drawn on us or canadian banks only , are accepted by postal mail . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - order form - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - env associates - voice telephone : 904-441 - 8080 business hours are monday - saturday 9 : 00 am - 9 : 00 pm . complete this form and follow the fax instructions at the bottom . all orders are sent us postal service 3 day priority mail or global priority mail outside of the us . _ _ _ _ _ yes ! please send me the ' prospect pipeline - tm ' cd-rom of 100 , 000 fresh , new , commercial addresses and free - 5 day trial of e - mail pump for only $ 49 . 95 ( us dollars ) name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone number ( s ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2nd e-mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * please select the appropriate shipping for your location and make your check payable for the respective total . . . _ _ _ _ i am in the united states , so i will add $ 3 . 00 for us postal priority mail for a total of $ 52 . 95 ( us dollars ) . _ _ _ _ i am in canada , so i will add $ 6 . 95 for global priority mail for a total of $ 56 . 90 ( us dollars ) . _ _ _ _ i am outside the us and canada , so i will add $ 12 . 00 for global priority mail for a total of $ 61 . 95 ( us dollars ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * 24 hour ordering by fax * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 . print this order form 2 . paste or tape your check here 3 . be sure the above form is complete 4 . fax to 1-904 - 441-6481 ( 24 hours , 7 days a week ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - you need not mail the original check when using check - by - fax . our banking software drafts a special check , with the exact information from your original . orders are shipped at the time funds clear . if you feel uncomfortable with check - by - fax or check - by - phone payment , send this form with your check or money order to : env associates 171 east granada boulevard ormond beach , florida 32176 904-441 - 8080 voice 904-441 - 6481 fax * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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 127,""Subject: as you requested - - free samples and information
  
  free samples and information call toll free 1-877 - 679-goal ( 4625 ) increase energy , stamina and endurance ! raise your metabolism and burn fat naturally ! increase mental energy level ! control hunger ! reduce sugar cravings ! no exercise ! no diets ! this is a $ 5 . 00 value absolutely free with no risk to you . you call us , no salesman will ever call you . 100 % natural , healthy , and legal . our free sample packet includes all information for our revolutionary product , including all details of herbal energy plus and what it can do for you . you have nothing to lose ! order your free samples and information packet now ! this is a limited time offer ! call our toll free hotline 1-877 - 679-goal ( 4625 ) your order will be shipped to you the very next day . thank your for your time and interest . endeavors international is a company devoted to people helping people . all of our products come with a 100 % no risk money back guarantee . our number one goal is customer satisfaction . thank you for your interest . this is a one time mailing . to be removed from this list reply to : rustyoo @ juno . com with remove in the subject line .
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 128,""Subject: cable decsrambler now only $ 6 . 99 !
  
  this is really cool ! premium channels and pay per view events * * * * free * * * * * * well tested throughout europe ! * * easy to assemble plans for only $ 6 . 99 usd ! we will send your plans the day we receive your order ! you will be watching hbo , showtime , the movie channel , pay per view events , adult stations , and any other scrambled signal next week ! you can easily assemble a cable descrambler in less than 30 minutes ! you have probably seen many advertisments for similar plans . . . . but ours are better ! we have compared it to all the others and have actually improved the quality and simplified the design ! ! ! * * we even include photos ! * * our plans are better ! we have new , easy to read , easy to assemble plans for only $ 6 . 99 usd ! we have seen them advertised for as much as $ 49 . 00 usd and you have to wait weeks to receive them ! what the others say is true ! parts are available at any local electronics store ! call and ask them before you order ! does indeed work ! you will need part # 's 270-235 271-1325 278-212 rg59 coaxial cable , # 12 copper wire , and a variable capacitor . * * these parts described by name in the instructions . * * * * they may have to special order the variable capacitor . . . . but why wait for a special order ? we have them ! we have them ! we have them ! * * we have secured a supply of the capacitors directly from the manufacturer , and we will include one with your plans for an additional $ 10 . 00 usd only ! it is legal , providing of course you use these plans for educational purposes only . it ' s fun ! we ' re sure you ' ll enjoy this ! our families sure do ! * you need one descrambler for each tv . no more monthly bills ! $ 6 . 99 usd for plans only $ 10 . 00 usd for variable capacitor only $ 16 . 99 usd for the easy to assemble plans and one variable capacitor ! $ 1 . 50 usd for shipping and handling internatinal orders ! pay by check or money order payable to : the hobby pros 336 bon air center # 254 greenbrae , ca . 94904 usa please provide a self addressed envelope for priority delivery ! we pay the postage ! we will rush your order to you ! int 1 * * * * *
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 129,""Subject: new marketing technology - beyond email
  
  let me make 1500 ( + ) calls a day for your business . . ( the most effective """" hi-tech """" state - of-the - art business system ever . . . . . . the power calling system 2000 ' this pc based comprehensive marketing system will absolutely bring in more business for you by automatically making up to 2000 calls per day . whether you are a professional network marketer , doctor , dentist , realtor , lawyer , insurance agent , etc . . or you own a business , corporation or small home based - business , this marketing system can reach """" thousands """" of potentials customers each week for you informing them of your business or services ! with our basic 2 line marketing system , you can reach nearly 2000 potential customers per day . this is the best marketing system available for 1 / 3 to 1 / 4 the cost of other less comparable systems available . ( lease / rental options are available ) the results that you will experience from this system will be simply staggering and very real ! ! if you want to see an increase in your business revenues right away , then you need to call the number below asap ! ! ! call now : ( 888 ) 248-4573 ( 24 hours ) simply leave us your full name and telephone number including area code , and one of our representatives will get in touch with you within the next few days to get additional information from you to send out your professional package . we thank you
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 130,""Subject: webentrepreneurs 10 $ million sweepstakes
  
  enter our 1998 webentrepreneur sweepstakes and win your share of 10 million dollars in leading edge software and turn key business set up prizes . our 10 , 000 dollar grand prize containing everything needed to run a full home business and will be awarded to 10 , 000 of the first 30 , 000 registers ! your chances of winning are high if you are one of the first to act now . to enter simply , visit our site and sign up to evaluate our brand new cd-rom containing all known email addresses on the internet . over 61 million sorted , filtered and verified listings are available for just $ 399 . 99 and come with a 100 % money back guarantee policy ! we at webmaster fx digital systems are so convinced that you ' ll be fully satisfied that we offer 1 full year as a trial period . return anytime , no obligation to keep the product whatsoever if you ' re disatisfied . additionally , when you register with us , you willl receive free access for a full year of email address updates and add-ons every week ! start being on top of fresh web contacts today and take advantage of your chance at winning in our $ 10 million sweepstakes . enter to enter by mail and order your money back guaranteed 61 million e @ addresses on cd-rom , simply send 399 . 99 via check , money order , visa or mastercard & including all billling and email info to our billling headquaters : webmasterfx billling suite 102 511 avenue of the americas new york , ny 10011
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 131,""Subject: regarding the cable tv descrambler
  
  ( faq ) frequent asked questions - - cable tv descrambler ( do not hit the reply button , this message is generated automatically for those interested in the product . you ' ll receive this message only once ) hello ! ! ! = ) """" thank you for requesting more information about the cable television descrambler . i ' ve been asked so many good questions that i left unanswered in my first letter . for that reason , i have put together this question & answer letter . i apologize in advance for not being able to answer each of your questions personally . the response has been overwhelming . """" q : will the descrambler on fiber , tci , jarrod and satellite systems ? a : the answer is yes . in respect to satellite , you just get more stuff ! q : do i need a converter box ? a : this plan works with or without a converter box . specific instructions are included in my plans for each ! q : where can i find the 75pf - 100pf variable capacitor , radio shack doesn t have it ? a : many radio shacks do have it . however , you have two other options . 1st call a radio speciality supply store in your area that is listed in the yellow pages . 2nd you can order the capacitor from me . if needed i will mail you as many as you need for the price ( s ) below . i m not trying to make a profit out of it , just want to help you . i ll wrap it carefully and send it to you only if you send me a self addressed # 10 size padded envelope , with 64c postage affixed . 1-10 75pf - 100pf variable capacitor $ 11 ea . 20 - up . $ 9 ea . q : can the cable company detect that i have the box ? a : no , the signal descrambles right at the box and does not move back through the line . q : do i have to alter my existing cable system , television or vcr ? a : the answer is no . q : does this work with my remote control ? a : the answer is no . it 's a manual kind of thing . . . but very easy . have your spouse or significant other get off the couch to do the deed ! q : can you email me the plans ? a : no , the plans come with an easy to follow picture guide . q : does this work everywhere across the country ? a : i have friends in four states and one in england and brasil that use the same parts and the same plans and they are all successful . q : is this deal guaranteed ? a : yes , if you are unhappy for any reason i will refund your money . q : is this a rip off or a scam ? a : no , if it were i d charge $ 50 . 00 or more for the plans . be sure i not going to damn myself to hell by ripping you off for a measly $ 12 . 00 or so . q : when i order , when will i get my stuff ? a : i mail out all orders within 24 hours of receiving it . . . if you supply a self addressed , stamped return envelope with 55 cents postage affixed . q : again , how much does it cost to get the instructions plans and the easy to follow diagrams ? a : to order a set of the instructions send $ 12 . 00 by cash , check or money order payable to : rms enterprises send to : 50 lexington ave , suite 209 / new york city , ny 10010 . q : can you give me a list of the parts again ? a : yes . 1 - radio shack mini box ( part # 270-235 ) 1 - watt resistor 2 . 2k - 2 . 4k ohm ( part # 271-1325 ) 1 - 75pf - 100pf variable capacitor ( special order ) 2 - f61a chassis-type connectors ( part # 278-212 ) 12 """" no . 12 solid copper wire 12 """" rg59 coaxial cable q : i lost your address , could you give it to me again . a : 50 lexington ave , suite 209 / new york city , ny 10010 usa q : how can i pay for this ? a : check , money order or cash . sorry , no credit cards accepted . i look forward to your order . kindest personal regards , raul mendez
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 132,""Subject: your invited !
  
  hello : my name is chrissie . i ' m an 18 year old student with a fantastic body that i just love to show off ! i just started working at this place where you can see me live on your computer & i will do whatever you want ! come check me out , it 's free to try out ! click here to get your preview . thanks alot !
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 133,""Subject: dave - check this one out ! !
  
  dave , you have got to check out this program - i have made over $ 2200 in two days . - - - - - the fastest paying most explosive program ever ! ! what 's all the excitement ? ? well , just check this out ! unlimited $ 500 checks all day long no caps - paid daily next day fedex $ 20 bonuses on everyone you sponsor , they sponsor and so on each time they cycle - 6 levels deep - unlimited width digital cellular phone with air time no credit check , no security deposit pre-paid phone cards english and spanish instructions 8 . 9 cents per minute long distance 24 hours / 7 days - 1 + dialing - incoming 800 # - 6-second billing - no monthly charge 100 qualified leads opportunity seekers - help grow your business super discount pack legal referral service , groceries , medical , travel , vehicles , appliances , 250 , 000 + name-brand items + more no matter who you are , what you ' re doing now , your age or background or how much time you have , this program is for you ! 1 , 000s every day are securing their financial future . maybe you just want to take care of the credit cards , make the mortgage or car payment or set aside a few extra dollars towards a vacation , college fund or retirement . or perhaps you ' re looking for a complete change . then this home-based business is perfect . the low start-up cost and extremely high return make this the best business decision you ' ll ever make . no matter what your goal may be , fasttrac has exactly what you need . this program has an explosive """" front-end """" income with $ 500 checks paid daily and sent directly to you via fedex the very next day . and , it also has a huge """" back-end """" residual income with $ 20 bonuses paid weekly , 6 levels deep , unlimited width ! it all adds up to total financial security . on top of that , we include products that , as you saw above , are unbeatable in the industry today . so , whether you are brand new to this multi-billion dollar exploding industry called """" network marketing """" or an old pro with years of experience , fasttrac has every element needed to ensure your success . low cost creates easy duplication . fast pay . checks are sent daily via fedex . front-end income with $ 500 per cycle all day long - no cap . back-end income with $ 20 bonuses - the residual income you look for ! top - of-the - line products tele - sponsoring for instant growth ( you could cycle the first day ! ) . no meetings to attend - just use our live conference calls . 1 simple step . and a dedicated staff of professionals to help you very step of the way . get all the facts , check it out and then join us . our # 1 priority is your $ ucce $ $ ! http : / / members . theglobe . com / larranda / moneymaker / bizop . html larry ruth
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 134,""Subject: the best software @ the best $
  
  remove instructions below . all remove requests are respectfully immediately the cutting edge of e-mail technology : """" express mail server """" from imc for only $ 275 for a limited time only ! this is the best of all e-mail programs , we know we have tried them all . if your reading this message , that only proves it works you will not find it anywhere for less you can download a demo for free from our full service web site , complete with step by step instructional tutorial ! try before you buy ! we know you will love it ! it 's a bulk e-mailers dream come true , at last ! the same software goes for $ 695 . 00 ! you can also get it for $ 495 . 00 from l . s . enterprises you can call : 808-876 - 1550 and get more information or order a copy today for $ 275 ( for a limited time only ) . or fax your order / info request to : ( 808 ) 878-6869 ( include your name , phone number , e-mail address ) we also have 60 million e-mail addresses and an excellent """" remove list """" service available for only $ 99 . we accept all major credit cards : visa * master card * american express * discover card we can also accept checks by fax ! simply fax your check to : 808-878 - 6869 so do n't hesitate , call today this offer is for a limited time only ! what is express mail server ? express mail server ( ems ) bulk e-mail software is the only thing that works . ems transforms your computer into a personal mail server . with no additional hardware , ems software will give you complete control of your mailings , because the mail you send will originate from your computer and be delivered directly into the mailbox of your recipient . since the mail originates from your computer , it is no longer necessary to use your internet service provider 's mail server . when you use the previous generation stealth or cloaking type programs , they work by uploading your mail to your provider 's mail server . they can also be programmed to send mail through other providers mail servers without authorization ( this is considered theft of service ) . the problem is , the previous generation stealth type programs upload the messages faster than these mail servers can process them . many times this causes a provider 's mail server to bog down and crash . obviously , this will make providers furious with you . furthermore , you may think that you are sending hundreds of thousands of messages , unfortunately , most of it simply gets filtered and deleted by the mail server . you are lucky to get 10 % - 20 % of that mail delivered . with ems software your computer emulates a mail server and you actually control and watch all your mail being delivered piece by piece . there is a 100 % delivery rate with this program anywhere on the internet . we did say 100 % delivery rate to any internet email addresses . a bold claim but it is true . this is the latest technical advance in bulk email since the advent of the stealth type programs . this program verifies domains and validity of email addresses before sending mail . this dramatically reduces your bounced back undeliverables . bounced back undeliverables can sure bog down a server . you can also control where you want any bounced back mail to go . it can go to any email address you want with ems . ems can work with any dial up internet account , ( aol is not considered a dial up internet account ) an isdn line or a t - 1 or t - 3 . it runs on windows 95 or nt . we have not heard of any person losing a dial up account with this software . one reason bulk email is so frowned upon with numerous isp 's ( internet service providers ) is people try to send as much mail as they can , as quick as they can and crash the mail server of the isp . this won't happen with ems software since you do n't since you do n't use the mail server of the isp to send your mail . the program actually sends the mail directly from your computer , which is now , a bona fide mail server , to the recipients mail server avoiding any potential blocks that would prevent you from reaching those on your mailing list . you do not have to """" forge """" headers or randomize anything to have 100 % of your mail delivered , although the program does allow for randomization and customizing of headers . you can send mail omitting the """" to """" """" from """" and """" reply to """" portions of your headers . want to send out your messages in color . this is not a problem with ems . just select a font color with your mouse , and then click on a background color as well . want to make your font bold or put it into italics , just point and click . want your message centered or shifted left or right , once again just point and click . unlike all of the others , ( which are all the same , but go by different names ) this software is very straightforward and easy to use . if you can log on to aol , you already know more about computers than you 'd need to use ems . we also provide technical support by phone to answer any questions you may have . ems works with any windows 95 or nt computer . it requires no additional hardware or software . the ems software sends at speeds up to 80 , 000 messages per hour delivered using a modest pentium and a 28 . 8 modem . rates will dramatically increase with an isdn or cable modem and of course with a t - 1 they will be even faster . if you want to take advantage of this breakthrough in bulk email technology give us a call on the number below . we do n't plan on repeat mailings for this product so take advantage of this opportunity . the cost to you is $ 275 . 00 ! money well spent if you consider that you can buy stealth ( or the many others like it . . . they all operate the same way ) for $ 400 . you might be happy with stealth if you do n't mind frequent loss of dial-up accounts , and lot of complaints . not getting a lot of your mail delivered due to blocks and crashed mail servers deleting your mail , along with the resulting low response rate from your mailings , all of which defeated the purpose of e-mailing in the first place ! few people are aware of this new technology , so you are already leaps and bounds ahead of any competition . using this , you can sell anything you wish , over and over . also , consider that you may decide to offer a mailing service to others . you ' ve probably gotten e-mails that claim they can send your advertisement e-mail for a cost of $ 200 per 100 , 000 . what most people do n't realize is that only 20 or 30 of the mail they pay these people to get sent actually gets delivered ! this mailing service is very profitable , and using this software , you can advertise that service to millions for free ! we also have cd roms with 60 million addresses to help you start . with your purchase , call i . m . c at : phone : ( 808 ) 876-1550 fax : ( 808 ) 878-6869 and place your order today while supplies last and we ' ll be happy to send you a demo copy and answer any questions you may have . or call us and we will give you our full service web site addresses to be removed from our mailing list or to be added to our """" global remove list """" simply go to : http : / / www . ctct . com all remove requests are respectfully immediately
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 135,""Subject: need more money ?
  
  hi , would you like to earn an extra $ 700 a week . . . $ 2 , 800 a month just by mailing our business circulars from your home ? you can make this kind of money without even giving up your present job . we have created the most risk-free way to do this , and all you have to do is mail out our business circulars and get paid for your work . this exciting new home employment opportunity is so effective - yet quick and easy that your success is absolutely guaranteed ! we publish , sell and distribute information booklets , guides , reports , manuals and computer software all across canada and the united states . since we do the majority of our business by mail , we in turn send out thousands of our sales circulars each week . our company circulars are the sales letters / product offers that are sent out in response to customer inquiries . when you mail our circulars , you ' ll be greatly helping us by getting our offers out to more customers . you ' ll be taking part in the most remarkable opportunity available . our system of mailing circulars is very easy to operate . all you will be doing is taking copies of the standard , letter-sized ( 8 1 / 2 """" x11 """" ) circulars that we provide you with and fold them to fit into the envelopes you will receive . after you have folded and inserted the circulars into the envelopes , you just have to seal the envelopes and deposit them in your mail . you will not have to spend any time addressing envelopes or pay any postage costs to mail out our circulars , because all envelopes will arrive pre-addressed and with postage already in place . it should only take you a few hours a week . it 's as simple as that ! circular mailing is easy and pleasant work that is very profitable ! we have developed a legitimate and realistic money-making business system that is practical and uncomplicated . simple enough that anyone can take part in it regardless of education , age , physical ability or disability . our program is easy to understand , with step-by - step instructions that are sure to get you started quickly and with confidence . this is a highly fool-proof , tried , tested and proven method that you can run from the comfort and privacy of your own home - without any personal contact with anyone at any time . you can take part in our program any hour of the day . . . any day of the week . we do not require that you have any related experience to take part in our program . all that we want are serious minded people who can read and write simple english , and who are able to put in a few extra hours each week towards earning a great income . although you do n't need any experiance , it is important that you be ambitious and motivated because you will be working on your own - without supervision . it will be your responsibility to get your work done . you do not have to meet a certain quota each week , and we do not impose any restrictions on the amount of work that you choose to do . our circular mailing program allows you the complete flexibility to organize and choose your own work load and work schedule . you can work part-time or full-time , and you are always free to take a break from your work - planning your own time off . furthermore , you may quit the program at any time , since you will be an independent mailer and have no obligation to our company what-so - ever . home employment is wonderful . it can provide you with a great sense of accomplishment , pride and freedom - but you must remember to treat your work seriously and with respect . what you get out of our program is exactly what you put into it . earn as much or as little as you like - it 's all up to you . you can start the same day you receive our supplies and information package , and begin receiving money within 2 weeks time , and every week from then on for as long as you desire to participate in our program . thousands of people all over canada and the united states are making excellent money mailing circulars from their homes . you can join our successful network , of circular mailers and get your share of this money too ! it makes no difference if you live in a small town or a large city . as long as you can get to a mailbox to mail the circulars , you can participate in this great home income opportunity . anyone with a little common sense and a desire to succeed can take part in our program and earn excellent income for themselves in a very short period of time . one of the nicest things about our circular mailing program is hoe quickly it works . you can start the same day you receive our supplies and information package , and begin receiving money within 2 weeks time , and then for as long as you decide to participate in our program . imagine never having to leave your home while making more money in a few hours than a lot of people earn after a full week 's work ! in fact , you can be making great money in as little as 10 hours a week ! and remember , you do n't need any special education of experience . this program can work for anyone - regardless of background , age or location . just mail the circulars and spend the rest of the day enjoying yourself . imagine being able to work in the comfort of your own home , at your own pace and in your leisure with a simple system to earn $ 700 . 00 a week working only a few hours a week . . . it 's a great place to start . you really do n't have to work hard to get ahead in life - you just have to work smart . by following our easy steps , you will connect with making $ 700 a week - every week . we ' ll even show you how you can increase an income of $ 700 . 00 a week into as much as $ 1 , 000 . 00 a week or more with ease . it 's very simple and it 's very realistic . with the basic details we ' ve outlined , you ' ll easily see the incredible income potential right away . this program is so well thought out and developed that you cannot fail to make great money ! you ' ll be able to set up your operation so that you can have all the free time in the world to do with as you please , without anyone looking over your shoulder . if you choose , you ' ll only have to work at your affairs for about an hour or two a day , and these will turn out to be extremely easy , fun hours , with no boss snooping around and no one to answer to . believe this , after you spend the small amount of up-front time getting organized , setting up your own system , you ' ll soon realize that nothing could be easier , or offer you more privacy and personal freedom ! unlike others who you might see promoting the same old useless stuff - year in and year out , we have developed a unique approach which has never been released to the public by anyone else . cybermarketing is the only source for this valuable program . so please do n't confuse it with any of the other get-rich - quick schemes or ads you might see . if you ' re searching for an honest to goodness , legitimate , legal and spare time work at home opportunity , then your search has finally ended . this is a 100 % proven money - making program ! proven to make good money for everyone who uses it ! if you ' re like most folks , you ' re going to absolutely love our circular mailing program because it 's the most legitimate , """" on-the - level """" , easy to start , profitable work-from - home opportunity ever created ! we say this honestly because it really works ! you won't find any gimmicks , surprises or silly schemes . only valuable information that you ' ll need so you can quickly learn exactly what to do and how to do it ; and our proven , professionally written circulars . our circular mailing program can bring you all the money you need . when you receive our start up package in the mail , you will get all the supplies you need to get started right away including your personal information kit ( your complete instructional handbook ) and our business circulars . you will receive everything as promised . and do n't forget you will not have to pay postage costs to mail our circulars because envelopes will arrive completely addressed and with postage already in place . just mail out the circulars and receive pay cheques that are yours to spend any way you wish ! you can take part in our program for as long as you want . . . earn $ 700 a week for the rest of your life . we can only accommodate a limited number of people in our unique program . so if you are interested , please do not delay . send in your acceptance form as soon as you can . you have our guarantee that this program can change your life practically overnight . we know of no other home employment opportunity with the potential to make the great amounts of money that this program does . this is a complete home-based opportunity that really works . our only requirement is a one time only , fully refundable payment of only $ 27 . 00 . this payment covers the cost of your supplies and the processing of your membership . this is a one-time payment , you will not have to pay us any other costs to get additional materials . and because we ' re so sure that we have the right home employment opportunity for you , we are backing up our promises with our exclusive guarantee . . . $ 33 , 600 . 00 guarantee you can easily earn $ 33 , 600 . 00 in the next year with our program . in fact , we are so confident that you can make over $ 700 a week mailing out our circulars that we are going to offer you the most air-tight guarantee in existence . as soon as you receive our start up package in the mail , send out our circulars right away . if you do n't start earning a minimum of $ 700 a week within 30 days , simply return our materials for a complete refund . you either make $ 700 a week or your money back ! join our network of circular mailers today . we truly want to help you get started as quickly and as easily as possible . this program is designed for people who are serious about earning a substantial income . we are convinced that you will be absolutely thrilled when you see just how much money you can make with our program . we ' ve got your start-up kit all packaged up and ready to go . just give us the word and we ' ll have it out the door and on its way to you . if you follow our instructions , you will be well on your way to earning $ 700 per week by mailing circulars from home . just print and fill out the exclusive membership form at the bottom of this page and mail it in with your remittance and your order will be rushed to you right away by first class mail . we hope that you allow us the honor of being the ones who helped you to achieve long-term financial success and personal freedom . most sincerely , the staff at cybermarketing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - home mailers program order-form - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - please rush me my package of the home mailers program and the home business directory right away ! ! ! send $ 27 . 00 in u . s funds . ( includes postage & handling ) name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mail to : cybermarketing p . o . box # 563 address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ lindsay , ontario , canada , k9v 4s5 city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ zip / postal code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( orders payable by cheque please allow 4 - 6 weeks for delivery . ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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 136,""Subject: what """" they """" do n't want you to find out ! !
  
  dear friend : if you have already responded to the following announcement a few days ago , that means your package is already on its way and it should be arriving soon ! if you have not responded to this before , please pay attention to it now . this is very important ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' important announcement important announcement ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' your future may depend on it ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! before you know about this ' important announcement ' , you must first read the following ' editorial excerpts ' from some important publications in the united states : new york times : """" in concluding our review of financial organizations to effect change in the 90 's , special attention should be called to a california based organization , ' world currency cartel ' . members of this organization are amassing hundred of millions of dollars in the currency market using a very legal method which has never been divulged to the general public . while their purpose is not yet known , their presence has most certainly been felt """" . nbc nightly news : """" members of ' world currency cartel ' , who always keep a low profile , are considered to be some of the most wealthiest people in north america """" . more excerpts later , but first let us give you this very """" important announcement """" : ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' we are glad to announce that for the first time and for a very short period of time , world currency cartel will instruct a limited number of people worldwide on ' how to convert $ 25 into one hundred of legal currency ' . we will transact the first conversion for you , after that you can easily and quickly do this on your own hundreds or even thousands of times every month . take advantage of this """" secret flaw """" ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * it is even more explosive than we have yet disclosed . while currency does fluctuate daily , we can show you ' how to convert $ 99 into $ 588 as many times as you want ' . that means , you will be able to exchange $ 99 , american legal currency dollars , for $ 580 of the same . you can do this as many times as you wish , every day , every week , every month . all very legal and effortlessly ! it takes only 5 to 10 minutes each time you do this . you can do this from home , office or even while traveling . all you need is an access to a phone line and an address . best of all , you can do this from any city on this earth ! ! ! again , we must reiterate , anyone can do this and the source is never-ending . for as long as the global financial community continues to use different currencies with varying exchange rates , the """" secret flaw """" will exist . > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > as we said earlier , we will do the first transaction for you and will show you exactly how to do this on your own , over and over again ! the amount of exchange you would do each time is entirely up to you . working just 2 to 10 hours a week , you can soon join the list of millionaires who do this on a daily basis many times a day . the transaction is so simple that even a high school kid can do it ! we at the world currency cartel would like to see a uniform global currency backed by gold . but , until then , we will allow a limited number of individuals worldwide to share in the unlimited profits provided for by the world currency differentials . we will espouse no more political views nor will we ask you to do so . we can say however , that our parent organization , nbt , benefits greatly by the knowledge being shared , as we ourselves , along with you , benefit likewise . your main concern surely will be , how you will benefit . as soon as you become a member , you will make transactions from your home , office , by telephone or through the mail . you can conduct these transactions even while traveling . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = do n't believe us ? experience it for yourself ! = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = unlike anyone else , we will assure you great financial freedom and you will add to our quickly growing base of supporters and join the list of millionaires being created using this very """" secret flaw """" in the world currency market . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = don ' t envy us , join us today ! ! ! = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' there is a one time membership fee of only $ 195 . but , if you join us by june 30 , 1998 , you can join us for only $ 25 administrative cost . your important documents , instructions , contact name / address , phone number and all other pertinent information will be mailed to you immediately . so take advantage of our anniversary date and join us today . ( if you are replying after june 30 , you must pay $ 195 . 00 for the membership fee . no exceptions , and no more e - mail inquiries please ) . upon becoming a member , you promise to keep all info . confidential ! ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ should you choose to cancel your membership for any reason , you must return all papers / documents for a refund within 60 days . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * important : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1 . . . please write your name & mailing address very clearly on a piece of paper or index card . 2 . . . below your mailing address , please write your e - mail address ( optional ) . 3 . . . at the top left hand corner , please write the words : """" new member """" 4 . . . attach a check or money order for $ 25 + $ 5 for the shipping of documents ( total = $ 30 . 00 ) payable to """" nbt """" and mail to : nbt po box 1129 union , nj 07083-1129 * if outside us add an additional $ 10 ( total = $ 40 . 00 , international money orders only ) } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } here are some more """" editorial excerpts """" : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ wall street : """" a discreet group of americans , operating under the guise of world currency cartel have recently begun making rumbles in world finance market . while at this time , their game is not completely known , they certainly will be watched by those making major moves in the currency contracts """" . financial week : """" watch them , monitor them , extract their knowledge and try to become one of them . that is the soundest financial advice we could give to anyone """" . national business weekly : """" while this reporter has been left in the cold as to its method of operation , we have been able to confirm that ' world currency cartel ' and its members are literally amassing great fortunes overnight """" . end $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ we thankfully credit diamond int . for the content of this important announcement !
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 137,""Subject: this web site is your internet gold mine $ $ $
  
  remove instructions below . visit our web site at : http : / / www . interwise . cc this web site is your internet gold mine $ $ $ unlimited toll free tech support for all our products imc is the largest internet software company in the country we carry all internet software programs available and we guarantee to beat any price ! call 808-876 - 1550 the cutting edge of e-mail technology : """" express mail server """" from imc for only $ 275 for a limited time only ! this is the best of all e-mail programs , we know we have tried them all . if your reading this message , that only proves it works you will not find it anywhere for less you can download a demo for free from our full service web site , complete with step by step instructional tutorial ! try before you buy ! we know you will love it ! it 's a bulk e-mailers dream come true , at last ! the same software goes for $ 695 . 00 ! you can also get it for $ 495 . 00 from l . s . enterprises you can call : 808-876 - 1550 and get more information or order a copy today for $ 275 ( for a limited time only ) . or fax your order / info request to : ( 808 ) 878-6869 ( include your name , phone number , e-mail address ) visit our web site at : http : / / www . interwise . cc ( if you can't log into the site just call us , sometime the site is overloaded with hits ) we also have 60 million e-mail addresses and an excellent """" remove list """" service available for only $ 99 . we accept all major credit cards : visa * master card * american express * discover card we can also accept checks by fax ! simply fax your check to : 808-878 - 6869 so do n't hesitate , call today this offer is for a limited time only ! what is express mail server ? express mail server ( ems ) bulk e-mail software is the only thing that works . ems transforms your computer into a personal mail server . with no additional hardware , ems software will give you complete control of your mailings , because the mail you send will originate from your computer and be delivered directly into the mailbox of your recipient . since the mail originates from your computer , it is no longer necessary to use your internet service provider 's mail server . when you use the previous generation stealth or cloaking type programs , they work by uploading your mail to your provider 's mail server . they can also be programmed to send mail through other providers mail servers without authorization ( this is considered theft of service ) . the problem is , the previous generation stealth type programs upload the messages faster than these mail servers can process them . many times this causes a provider 's mail server to bog down and crash . obviously , this will make providers furious with you . furthermore , you may think that you are sending hundreds of thousands of messages , unfortunately , most of it simply gets filtered and deleted by the mail server . you are lucky to get 10 % - 20 % of that mail delivered . with ems software your computer emulates a mail server and you actually control and watch all your mail being delivered piece by piece . there is a 100 % delivery rate with this program anywhere on the internet . we did say 100 % delivery rate to any internet email addresses . a bold claim but it is true . this is the latest technical advance in bulk email since the advent of the stealth type programs . this program verifies domains and validity of email addresses before sending mail . this dramatically reduces your bounced back undeliverables . bounced back undeliverables can sure bog down a server . you can also control where you want any bounced back mail to go . it can go to any email address you want with ems . ems can work with any dial up internet account , ( aol is not considered a dial up internet account ) an isdn line or a t - 1 or t - 3 . it runs on windows 95 or nt . we have not heard of any person losing a dial up account with this software . one reason bulk email is so frowned upon with numerous isp 's ( internet service providers ) is people try to send as much mail as they can , as quick as they can and crash the mail server of the isp . this won't happen with ems software since you do n't since you do n't use the mail server of the isp to send your mail . the program actually sends the mail directly from your computer , which is now , a bona fide mail server , to the recipients mail server avoiding any potential blocks that would prevent you from reaching those on your mailing list . you do not have to """" forge """" headers or randomize anything to have 100 % of your mail delivered , although the program does allow for randomization and customizing of headers . you can send mail omitting the """" to """" """" from """" and """" reply to """" portions of your headers . want to send out your messages in color . this is not a problem with ems . just select a font color with your mouse , and then click on a background color as well . want to make your font bold or put it into italics , just point and click . want your message centered or shifted left or right , once again just point and click . unlike all of the others , ( which are all the same , but go by different names ) this software is very straightforward and easy to use . if you can log on to aol , you already know more about computers than you 'd need to use ems . we also provide technical support by phone to answer any questions you may have . ems works with any windows 95 or nt computer . it requires no additional hardware or software . the ems software sends at speeds up to 80 , 000 messages per hour delivered using a modest pentium and a 28 . 8 modem . rates will dramatically increase with an isdn or cable modem and of course with a t - 1 they will be even faster . if you want to take advantage of this breakthrough in bulk email technology give us a call on the number below . we do n't plan on repeat mailings for this product so take advantage of this opportunity . the cost to you is $ 275 . 00 ! money well spent if you consider that you can buy stealth ( or the many others like it . . . they all operate the same way ) for $ 400 . you might be happy with stealth if you do n't mind frequent loss of dial-up accounts , and lot of complaints . not getting a lot of your mail delivered due to blocks and crashed mail servers deleting your mail , along with the resulting low response rate from your mailings , all of which defeated the purpose of e-mailing in the first place ! few people are aware of this new technology , so you are already leaps and bounds ahead of any competition . using this , you can sell anything you wish , over and over . also , consider that you may decide to offer a mailing service to others . you ' ve probably gotten e-mails that claim they can send your advertisement e-mail for a cost of $ 200 per 100 , 000 . what most people do n't realize is that only 20 or 30 of the mail they pay these people to get sent actually gets delivered ! this mailing service is very profitable , and using this software , you can advertise that service to millions for free ! we also have cd roms with 60 million addresses to help you start . with your purchase , visit our web site at : http : / / www . interwise . cc ( if you can't log into the site just call us , sometime the site is overloaded with hits ) call i . m . c at : phone : ( 808 ) 876-1550 fax : ( 808 ) 878-6869 and place your order today while supplies last and we ' ll be happy to send you a demo copy and answer any questions you may have . or call us and we will give you our full service web site addresses * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to be removed from our mailing list or to be added to our """" global remove list """" simply go to : http : / / www . ctct . com all remove requests are respectfully processed immediately * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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 138,""Subject: psoriasis - clear it up now ! !
  
  if you , a friend or , a relative suffer from the embarrassment of psoriasis , this site may be of interest to you . http : / / 209 . 117 . 58 . 11 / psoriasis if not , we apologize for any intrusion .
 "",1
 139,""Subject: viagra ! !
  
  america ya gifts inc . 179 maiden lane , san francisco , ca 94108 - ( 415 ) 392-3768 fax ( 415 ) 392-5737 e - mail : rsilva2685 @ aol . com viagra the new sex drug for men is now available . if you or someone you know is impotent , or if you aren t impotent but would just like to really enhance your sexual experience viagra is the answer . just one pill taken an hour before you plan to have sex turns you into a roaring tiger for over an hour . viagra makes you perform and feel like you are 18 again . order now because supplies are running short . the price is $ 500 . 00 for a bottle of 30 pills . each pill is 100mg . include $ 20 . 00 postage and handling . warning : this drug should not be used by anyone taking medication for a heart condition or high blood pressure . to order please e-mail or fax back the following information . name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp . date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ no . of bottles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amount _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( required if faxing ) all orders are shipped us postal express within 3 days of receipt of your order form . refund available only on unopened containersthat are returned within 10 days after shipping date . return authorization required on all returns . a return authorization can be requested by e - mail or fax . [
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 140,""Subject: sumiko 's ad
  
  * * * * * hello , i ' m sumiko from san francisco , california and have just joined always - friends a few days ago . i 'd love to meet a nice man . please see my ad : http : / / 209 . 196 . 132 . 204 / sumiko . htm and if you are a single woman like me who wishes to have a own personal ad , simply contact the always - friends at : ads @ always-friends . org _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sincerely yours , sumiko b .
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 141,""Subject: a unique email advertisement
  
  hello the following information is not meant to spam or upset anyone , that is why we include advertisement in the subject line to give you an option to delete before you open the message . we are a reliable internet company that does full internet marketing . whatever your needs to market your business or product , a . i . m . can help you achieve your success . please do not treat this as just another piece of junk mail , we are aimed to your success . a . i . m . was established in 1994 and has helped many people on the internet market their business and products successfully . we do not sell random bulk email lists , nor do we advertise adult sites or chain letters . right now the largest form of communication is done through the internet , and 1998 will be another record breaking year . there are over 60 million people that have internet access world wide , and that number continues to rise at a rate of over 40 , 000 per month . the best way to market any product or service is through the internet , and random bulk mail is not the way to go . you may ask , why am i sending you this one piece of email ; to get my information out so that others can follow the same practices of internet advertising . the internet community would benefit from direct advertising ! now you ask what can we offer you . . . . . custom targeted email addresses no matter what your target is , we can compile a great list for you of people or businesses that are interested in what you offer . say , for instance , you would like to send a newsletter out to people interested in mlm ; we can compile a list for you of people currently involved in mlm . if you would like a list of people looking for a business opportunity , we can compile that list for you . you tell us your target ; we will compile that list . we can even target your list geographically . example . . . if your business is selling cd s , and your company is based in ny ; we can gather a list of people in ny interested in cd s . we have a client that is involved in mlm , who asked us to target 1000 opportunity seekers to start . to his surprise he got 7 new people in his downline from just that one mailing . another client wanted to send a letter out to birdwatchers . we targeted 5000 birdwatchers for him ; and he , also , became a very happy client of ours . we have targeted . . investors , businesses , international addresses , women , men , age groups , cites , states , doctors , lawyers , etc . . . . some of our clients are getting results of 1-40 % . targeted mailings start at $ 50 per thousand , and we can offer you a better price at higher quantities . complete pricing for targeted email 1000 targeted email addresses $ 50 for us to email $ 50 = $ 100 2000 targeted email addresses $ 85 for us to email $ 85 = $ 170 5000 targeted email addresses $ 250 ( no charge for us to email ) 10000 targeted email addresses and we mail $ 500 100000 targeted email addresses and we mail $ 1 , 000 1 million guaranteed targeted email addresses and we mail $ 5 , 000 we offer a guarantee that our lists will be targeted to your topic . we keep a master file on all of our clients so if you order again you will never get any duplicate addresses from us emailing we can do the email for you and have all of the replies come directly to your email address . if you prefer to do the mailing yourself , we sell email software as well . here is a few : rapid fire mail server . . . . turns your computer into a mail server $ 495 . 00 ( free demo ) stealth mass mailer . . . sends out email at a rate of 100 , 000 + per hour $ 395 . 00 ( free demo ) mail pusher . . . . the newest in bulk email software ( great program ) $ 300 . 00 ( free demo ) other services offered by a . i . m . website marketing package we can place your website to the top of any given search engine . our best results come from infoseek . guarantee top 10 listing . $ 300 . 00 first month $ 300 . 00 every month there after complete web marketing package ( 1 ) targeted emails in the amount of 200 , 000 per week ( 2 ) posting your website to bbs ( internet bulletin board systems related to your topics ) ( 3 ) url links to other sites related to your topics ( 3 ) newsgroup postings ( 1000 ) per month ( 4 ) banner ads to related subject searches ( 5 ) website submissions to the search engines with a guaranteed 1st page placement to infoseek and submissions to the other top 8 as well as 400 other search engines all of the postings , submissions , banner ad and url advertising will be done with your reply email address so that you have a copy of every placement and you know where your ads are on the internet . total price for complete marketing package $ 2500 . 00 per month if you have a business , product , or just want to get your information out ; you have no need to look any further . a . i . m . is here to help ! ! now as you can see we are a full service company , and we can help you with any of your advertising needs . please call us toll free at 1-800 - 942-7913 today ! we look forward to hearing from you and are happy to answer any questions that you may have . once again , we give you our guarantee that this is the only piece of email that you receive from us . we wish you success now and in the future ! again our toll free number is 800-942 - 7913 our fax # 732-367 - 2229 we accept . . . visa / mastercard / american express or check by fax thank you
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 142,""Subject: = = = = = = = one very affordable dental offer = = = = = = =
  
  click here to get info on a very affordable dental / optical plan type or copy and paste the following address into your browser if your email is not html capable : http : / / 209 . 84 . 246 . 119 / opk / dental1 . htm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [ this message is not intended for residents in the state of washington , screening of addresses has been done to the best of our technical ability . if you are a washington resident or otherwise wish to be removed from this list , click here to go to global remove site if you want your address removed from mailing ]
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 143,""Subject: did i get the right email address ?
  
  """" show me the money ! """" . . . . . . . . . . . . not a problem ! i am about to share with you a unique opportunity to start a very successful business or take an existing one to new heights . by taking advantage of the following breakthrough knowledge in marketing trends , you will soon discover the art of . . . """" how to really make money on the information superhighway ! """" some of you may already be marketing a product online . maybe you are even making a sizeable profit ! whatever the case may be , no matter how successful you are right now , my guess is that your bank account is still not overflowing and more money with less work peaks your interest . fact 1 : anyone who has the drive to succeed can actually make a sizable profit on the internet . fact 2 : few people are willing to take the time to actually do it . fact 3 : these people are crazy ! ! seriously friends . . . why would people want to pass up an extremely valuable money making opportunity ? many people think that marketing on the internet takes more time than any human being can spare . """" there is so much to learn """" some say . """" i can't even find the time to check my e - mail , how will i ever learn enough about the internet to make money ? """" others quote . the fact is that in many cases this us true , there is a wealth of information on the internet about how to """" market """" this and how to """" sell """" that . unless you know what to look for , it can become an endless maze of dead ends and wasted time . now think about this . . . what if ? i could provide you with an incredible marketing package that encompasses all the """" how to """" information you need to be a success on the internet . this phenomenal package includes detailed internet secrets ( we do n't hold anything back , its all here folks ! ! ) , which explains in detail how to profit from the internet explosion . whether you have a business of your own or you want to start one . it 's filled with over 45 packed pages revealing the secrets about electronic marketing so many other online marketers don ' t want you to know . i thought that might interest you . let me explain . right now there are over eighty million people surfing the internet . by the year 2000 , that figure is expected to more than double . with so many people using the internet , smart """" net """" repreneur 's are taking advantage of what this new ( in terms of true commercial application ) and exciting medium has to offer . the internet presents one of the best ways to make money that has ever been introduced . on any given day you have the opportunity to present your message to more than eighty million people ! that 's right . . . eighty million people . that is more people than one multi million dollar advertisment reaches at the super bowl . this is the reason so many businesses are scrambling to make their presence known on the internet . not only does the internet let you reach these people , it lets you pitch these people on your product or services . that means it gives you the abillity to sell . . sell . . sell ! ! it also gives you the resurces you need to make excellent money . and we do mean excellent money ! ! ! consider the possibilities : you wake up each morning at your leisure and put on a pot of coffee . as you sip on your cup of hot """" brew """" you saunter over and turn your computer on . then , as your monitor glows from dim to bright , you find that you have inquiries from all sorts of people requesting what you have to offer . later , after you have finished reading your inquiries , you stroll out to your mailbox . you find it is filled with letters from people from all across the world ! what 's even better though , is that the letters are filled with money ; cash , checks , and money orders . then , after tallying up the totals , you find that you have made anywhere between $ 200 to $ 1 , 000 and it is n't even one o ' clock in the afternoon . think of it : no boss , no traffic , and no annoying co - workers . would n't it feel great to wake up in the morning knowing you are going to be making excellent money but do n't have to leave your house to do it ! ? ! would n't your life be far less complicated ? the truth is , you can be one of those who become financially independent via the internet . and the best part is . . . it doesn ' t require a lot of money ! ! what it does require is the knowledge of how , what , and where to do it . that is where we can help . here at natural instincts , we provide you with the knowledge of how to begin earning substantial income from your computer via the """" information superhighway """" . we can remember how overwhelming the internet seemed when we were first introduced to it . we realized the marketing and profit potential the internet holds , but really had no idea how to pursue it . in our thirst for answers and knowledge , we purchased everything we could find that had information on the how , what , and where . we spent thousands of dollars , but we now know what works and what does n't . no where , in all of our searching , could we find a complete packet of information for all of our questions . that is why we decided to write this report . we have compiled every proven method and secret that we have learned along the way into one complete , easy to understand report . this proven report makes believers of skeptics ! sound too good to be true ? that 's what others have said . that is , until they received their reports and saw for themselves just how easy it is to make money on the net ! check out these satisfied customers . . . hi ni , i received your report and free bonuses last saturday and wanted to congratulate you on a job well done . i read through your report """" how to profit from the internet """" and i ' m very impressed . i have bought other books and manuals about online marketing , direct marketing , e - mail , mail order , etc . yours is the only one that explains the subject in an easy to understand language . i finally found the secrets i ' ve been looking for . once again , great job ! sincerely , john strand - satisfied customer my father has always told me , """" remember , michele , there is no free lunch in life . you get out of life what you put into it . """" through trial and error and a somewhat slow frustrating start , i purchased your report and finally figured out how to start a very profitable business from my home . your report is great , you give the average person the tools and secrets to succeed . i know my dad is very proud of me now . i can't thank you enough = ) michele b from oregon good morning , i hope this finds you well . i received your program yesterday after - noon and read it cover to cover . you have put together a very valuable resource indeed . i have finally found the program that tells all ! your program has given me the tools i need to succeed . your program could truly end up being the best $ 39 . 95 i ever spent ! your the best , i ' m making your manual into my internet bible ! ! thanks a million ! best regards , mary w florida to whom it may concern - i ' m usually the first person to write a negative criticism about a product , being a """" consumer advocate """" columnist for a well respected newspaper . to tell you the truth , i ordered your product to do an expose on internet scams . but , as i was reading through your manual , i discovered what truly valuable information your company has put together , and for an affordable price . it is very rare for a """" complaint columnist """" to give a good review , but for the first time , i need to tell you that your manual you have put together is outstanding ! ! ! i have wanted for the last few years to start a business on the net , but have been deathly scared of taking that step to get started . but then i discovered your manual and put the tips and secrets to work . i have n't been able to keep up with the orders , and it 's only my second month ! ! ! i can't wait to see where i will be in six months ! thank you , rick johnson alabama this is a wonderful opportunity , we urge you to take advantage of it . you won't find too many people that will give away all of their secrets ! ! the majority of the rich people today have copied what someone else is or has been doing . that is what we are offering you now - - a chance to copy our success ! ! it is very easy and we are for real ! here 's a little more incentive to check this out . . . ~ if you order within 3 days ~ we will send you : * * * * free $ 400 bulk e-mail software * * * * * * * * free $ 200 check by phone , fax , e - mail software * * * * * * * * free $ 10 calling card * * * * - - - - plus - - - - we will send you a list of over 100 major search engines ready to surf on the internet or to place a free link to your web page . also , you will receive a list of 98 of the best inexpensive newspapers to advertise in ( u . s . orders only ) . the list is complete with papers name , city , phone number , circulation and frequency ( daily or weekly ) . we will also include five free bonus reports that include these topics : how to protect your pc from viruses how to get 300 + quality prospect to e - mail you weekly tips and secrets to advertising with the major online services what 's wrong with the world wide web tax advantages for the home business owner . you will find that these five reports by themselves are worth thousands of dollars to you . these bonuses alone are worth several times the cost of the report . we will also give you a secret list of over 1500 of the best web sites where you can place a free advertisement . this is a list we use every day to run our business and we are giving it to you ! imagine what a great offering we are giving you for free ! and we ' re not through , if you order right now , we will give you 15 free """" how to reports """" that you are free to market and sell on the internet or through mail order for $ 15-30 each . they are 45-60 informational packed pages each . a great way to start your own net based business ! the topics are ; 1 ) earn extra dollars with a home based answering machine 2 ) how to buy a car with bad credit 3 ) how to make thousands of dollars winning contests 4 ) u . s . government auction sales 5 ) an insider 's guide to finding and obtaining grant money 6 ) home based business for fun and profit 7 ) how to get a job fast 8 ) how to make money without leaving your house 9 ) how to turn the hobby of photography into thousands 10 ) making money at garage sales , swap meets , and flea markets 11 ) how to get paid for watching tv 12 ) getting your start in theater , television , and movies 13 ) wills or trusts ? the case for living trusts 14 ) how to find work with the federal government 15 ) how to write almost anything and get paid for it ! 50 , 000 email addresses for free that 's right , we will give you our best private list of 50 , 000 email addresses . this list of addresses has been put through our remove and undeliverable lists so that it is fresh and responsive . we are constantly adding and taking addresses out of it . it is absolutely the best 50 , 000 email addresses you will ever get your hands on , bar none ! ( please note : we are only giving this bonus to the first 50 people , so do n't wait ! ! ! ) so you are probably thinking to yourself , this is wonderful , but how much ? $ 149 . 95 , $ 99 . 95 maybe even $ 79 . 95 ? you may have seen other companies marketing """" how to """" information on the internet and charging these prices . people are actually buying these packages at these prices . why ? people want to know how to market a product or service the """" right """" way on the internet . """" how to profit from the internet """" could easily sell for any of the above prices . however , we feel that we would rather help those who may not have the ability to pay such a price in order to be successful . that is why we are offering """" how to profit from the internet """" at the low price of $ 39 . 95 . that 's right , that was not a typo . . . $ 39 . 95 . i have sold this package at much higher prices in the recent past and will be forced to raise my prices in the very near future . one of the things you will learn in my course is to constantly test your market . i am currently in the price testing phase of this marketing campaign . on july 1st , 1998 , i will be raising the price of this package back up to $ 49 . 95 and eventually up to $ 79 . 95 to test the upscale market . if you act quickly , you have the opportunity to get these materials today for the unbelievable low price of $ 39 . 95 . still skeptical ? ? ? lets put that to rest right now . we will make this completely risk free for you . if you are not 100 % satisfied with the information you receive , and believe that you cannot use it to start a successful business or increase your current business profits , return it within 30 days and we will refund your money . no questions asked ! ! are we nuts ? no , it just shows how confident we are that you ' ll be delighted with the information you ' ll have . . . just like the others who are already using the information and making money . you will be surprised how quickly you can be earning money on the internet ! so , if you are seriously interested in learning how to acquire wealth by being online , act now ! ! this won't last for long ! print out this form and mail it to the address below , with your $ 39 . 95 cash , check , money order or credit card information . natural instincts 4676 commercial st . se suite 201 salem , oregon 97302 thank you = ) * * * * please print out the order form and mail it along with your payment * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * order form * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ website address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ deliver """" how to profit from the internet """" to the following email address : e-mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( please note , all orders must include an email address incase we encounter a problem with processing . the 50 , 000 email addresses will be sent to you by email ) area code and phone number : day time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ evening : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [ ] if you prefer to have the report on disk , please check here . please include an additional $ 3 . 00 for shipping and handling , thank you . ( if you reside outside the united states , please include $ 2 . 00 extra ) please check one of the following : [ ] i ' m ordering within 3 days , please send my free software , $ 10 . 00 calling card , 15 how to reports , """" how to profit from the internet """" and free bonuses including 50 , 000 email addresses for the unbelievably low price of $ 39 . 95 today . [ ] i ' m not ordering within the first 3 days of receiving this letter , so i agree to pay $ 39 . 95 for """" how to profit from the internet """" by itself , less the bonus package . [ internal code 138702a ] this code must be on order form to be processed ! ! ! payment method : [ ] check [ ] cash [ ] money order [ ] credit card , please make sure to include the mailing address above ! [ ] visa [ ] mastercard [ ] american express [ ] discover name of credit card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name as it appears on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _ _ signature of card holder : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * """" in mail-order work , anyone with imagination , determination , and a willingness to study and experiment may have very little difficulty getting started . a number of the most successful one-man operations obtain an income as high as $ 40 , 000 to $ 100 , 000 a year . """" - u . s . department of commerce * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the market is here - today ! take advantage of it ! ! ! ! ! after you receive your report , i ' ll answer any questions time permits via email . i ' m looking forward to helping you succeed !
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 144,""Subject: you deserve a break !
  
  dear nlpeople , you deserve a great vacation ! how does a 7 night cruise to alaska aboard the prestigious celebrity cruises sound ? imagine yourself on an all inclusive vacation , enjoying all of the great activities , and experiencing some of the most breathtaking scenery on the earth ! all of this and more for a special offer of only $ 799 . 00 ! ! ! we are a full service travel agency since 1958 dedicated to making your next vacation a great success ! for more details , click here - http : / / www . srtrav . com / alaska . htm to take advantage of this great offer , please respond to me at wylddave @ yahoo . com and put ' alaska ' in the subject line . i will then make sure you get this great price . if you have a group of 15 or more , let me know and i can get you an extra special offer ! ! we look forward to serving you ! ! dave lund at santa rosa travel note : in order to benefit from this spectacular email-only offer , rooms are available for reservation until may 15 , 1998 or as they last , whichever comes first .
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 145,""Subject: free music , audio books , news , and software
  
  listen up ! every day thousands of music lovers , news hounds , book worms and information junkies are downloading free audio over the internet . it 's fast , easy and totally free ! would you like to join them ? click a highlighted link below to check it out for yourself ! http : / / www . mis-soft . com / rtr2 . cgi ? awy = 980611 = tp1 = vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx ( if your mail reader does not support clickable links , copy the url into your web browser . ) check out these fun and informative free audio clips that are only one-click away . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - music : click on the highlighted url below to go there now ! http : / / www . mis-soft . com / rtr2 . cgi ? awy = 980611 = mc4 = vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx with a total of 10 music categories , including : jazz , new age , reggae , popular , classical , and rock & roll - - you ' ll be sure to find something to tap your mouse to . miranda lee richards - - have you heard her yet ? check out the """" unsigned bands """" area of the music section to personally discover today 's up-and - coming artists . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - audio books : click on the highlighted url below to go there now ! http : / / www . mis-soft . com / rtr2 . cgi ? awy = 980611 = bk2 = vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx download and listen to a wide range of fiction , non fiction , best sellers and classics all free . today 's feature audio book is """" t . rex and the crater of doom """" . join berkeley geologist walter alverez , as he tells the tale of an asteroid larger than mt . everest that slammed into the earth , forcing the eventual extinction of dinosaurs from our planet . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - audio casts : click on the highlighted url below to go there now ! http : / / www . mis-soft . com / rtr2 . cgi ? awy = 980611 = cs3 = vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx make a daily ritual of downloading fun and informative clips like : old time radio - - experience the radio broadcasts of old like """" gunsmoke """" , """" the lone ranger """" , and """" dimension x """" as they return to life with the same intrigue and suspense that captured the imagination of an entire generation . star date - - get to know your universe a little better with stardate - a fact filled guide to the night sky from the mcdonald douglas observatory . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - audio news : click on the highlighted url below to go there now ! http : / / www . mis-soft . com / rtr2 . cgi ? awy = 980611 = nw5 = vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx npr 's morning edition - - keep informed with """" morning edition """" from national public radio . bob edwards hosts this popular daily news show that offers in-depth reporting and analysis of the days news and events . do n't forget to check out newseek , ap , cnet radio , and 24 - hour satellite news - - all free . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - free audiowiz software listen whenever you want audiowiz will let you really take control of your audio world . the cd - like interface and the single-click download features will have you up and running in no time . it 's real fast , and it ' s free ! click a highlighted link below to get audiowiz for free , and to check out all of the great free audio . http : / / www . mis-soft . com / rtr2 . cgi ? awy = 980611 = in6 = vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx ( if your mail reader does not support clickable links , copy the url into your web browser . ) p . s . the audio selection keeps growing did we mention free news on the hour ? the latest , hottest business and national news - - direct from our satellite feed to your desktop via free audiowiz software . p . p . s . : did we mention that all of these timely , exciting , and highly relevant digital audio clips are always yours to download for free ? click a highlighted link below to check it out now ! http : / / www . mis-soft . com / rtr2 . cgi ? awy = 980611 = en7 = vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx ( if your mail reader does not support clickable links , please copy the url into your web browser . ) * audiowiz also requires 16mb ram , 10mb available hard disk space , ms internet explorer 3 . 0 or netscape navigator 3 . 0 , and a pc with audio capability . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if you received this message in error , or do not wish to receive further updates and offers , please : click below to remove yourself from this mailing . http : / / www . mis-soft . com / cgi-bin / rem ? vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx or reply via email with """" remove """" as the subject . copyright 1998 asset max
 "",1
 146,""Subject: free trial membership
  
  the latest in adult technology ! ! ! brand new xxx adult site free trial membership please visit the latest in live video conferencing . 1000 channels of hardcore ! ! live rooms ! ! ! young dancers ! ! ! large picture gallery ! thousands of pictures ! ! come and visit our site for a great experience . http : / / www . sexxxybodies . com * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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 147,""Subject: 50 % return on investment . . .
  
  profit from the breakup of america 's largest monopoly . $ 200 million extra a year increase in economic growth . own a piece of this exploding market . over 50 % annual returns with residual income . ira / sep qualified . for complete details : click here t
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 148,""Subject: secrets of the internet
  
  making millions - secrets of the internet yes . i am going to reveal in detail and with internetlinks all of the secrets of the internet that can make you rich - rich - rich . this is a result of years of research . my research . days and nights until the wee hours of the morning searching and compiling data . i knew that some people were getting rich using the internet for relatively little investment . now i know how . i am willing to share it with you but that can change at any moment . frankly , many people are trying to shut me down . and i am getting a little worn from it all . so get this info while you can . why am i not keeping these secrets to myself and using them to make millions . in fact , i am using them at this time and that is how i know that they work . i am making them available to you because no one else will and that creates a business opportunity for me . simple as that . if you feel nervous about investing a few dollars to make millions then simply do not do it . enough said . $ 19 . 95 - making millions - secrets of the internet - part one * * * how to setup a web server on your home pc for free * * * the first step to making millions on the internet is to setup your own web server so you can host your site and send and receive email with the least interference . i show you how to get free web server software and how to control your site remotely and keep it up all the time without expensive equipment . i will show you how to make your home computer into a cash generating internet storefront . $ 99 . 95 - making millions - secrets of the internet - part two ( including part one ) * * * how to market to millions of internet users thru 20 , 000 news groups * * * the second step to making millions on the internet is to have the proper software and the proper methods to use the news groups to market your products . if you attempt to use your browser to access news groups it will probably take your over 100 years to access them all . that is why the proper software is a necessity . and if you have the proper software and do not observe the proper ettiquete then you will get thrown off your isp ( internet service provider ) within hours . i will point you to both the proper software to access thousands of news groups a minute and to market to the news groups without getting the boot from your isp . $ 199 . 95 - making millions - secrets of the internet - part three ( including part one and part two ) * * * how to market to over 60 million internet users thru bulk e - mail * * * the third step to making millions on the internet is to have the proper software and the proper methods to use the bulk email to market your products . if you attempt to use your browser to send bulk email it will probabbly take your over 1000 years to send lists of 60 million plus . that is why the proper software is a necessity . and if you have the proper software and do not observe the proper ettiquete then you will get thrown off your isp ( internet service provider ) within hours . i will show you where to buy good bulk email , how to build your own lists while you sleep and how to send your bulk emai without getting the boot from your isp . $ 279 . 95 - making millions - secrets of the internet - part four ( including part one and part two and part three ) * * * how to use subliminal methods for effective banner advertising * * * the final step to making millions on the internet is effective banner advertising . it is not enough to put something up and pray . i will show you how to incorporate subliminal technology into your banner advertising to literally make people click on your ad and come to your site . and i will show you how to literally make them buy your products with these same techniques . how do you order ? make your check or money order payable to : """" secrets of the internet """" 11470 euclid avenue - suite 525 cleveland , oh 44106 usa be sure to put your email address on your check or money order and i will email your secrets of the internet immediately . order ' part four ' before july 1 , 1998 and get 61 million fresh email addresses for free ! ! !
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 149,""Subject: re : free phonesex ( 664 ) 410-4332
  
  dear sir / madam : due to our 1 year aniversary , we are giving you a free treat ! for the next month you can call the number below and have free phonesex ! the first two hours of any of your calls in the next month will be * * * * * absolutely free ! ! no questions asked ! * * * * * so pick up the phone and call ( 664 ) 410-4332 now ! our girls are hot , young , blond , horny and want to play with you now ! call ( 664 ) 410-4332 now ! !
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 150,""Subject: returns you have asked for
  
  america 's largest monopoly shattered ! ! ! ! ! new growth market 2 1 / 2 times size of telephone industry now open to general public . over 50 % returns . ira approved . more details and short video presentation here http : / / 205 . 134 . 183 . 46 / fpc / alt . html
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 151,""Subject: check this out , it 's worth a look .
  
  wayward teens they can't keep their damn clothes on ! ! ! we ' ve captured it on film , and we ' re giving it away ! for the next two weeks only ! ! ! come to , http : / / 209 . 84 . 246 . 106 / amateur / you can also copy and paste the above url . * this site contains adult subject matter . do not access if under 21 years of age ! to be removed from our mailing list go to : http : / / 194 . 190 . 221 . 199 / remove . html
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 152,""Subject: create a new credit file legally in 30 days ! ! !
  
  how to create a new credit file in 30 days ! enjoy aaa credit in 1 month , using a 100 % legal method ! discover how to create a brand new credit file for yourself by taking advantage of the laws that governs the credit reporting agencies ! this unique and virtually unknown program is 100 % legal , and can work for you every time . this is your chance for a new start ! please understand : it does not matter what your credit past is , and best of all , the process is free ! these are the very same credit secrets that celebrities have used for years . these are the secrets that the credit bureaus don ' t want you to ever discover ! you see , credit bureaus and the government tell you that you are stuck with your credit history unless there are errors . in fact , it has been reported that as many as 70 % of all americans have problems with negative or incorrect information on their credit report . unfortunately , until now there has n't been a resource to turn to for easy-to - understand , unbiased information about how to get out of your messy credit . but , armed with this secret information , there are many things that you can do to improve your past credit record within the law ! after reading this book , you will start getting new credit cards and other lines of credit , to lease a car , get pre-approved credit card offers , or even get a mortgage on your dream house ! our proven techniques are detailed in a clear , step-by - step process . there is no guesswork because we lay out your plan for success in a way that will help you to change your credit record forever . just imagine : not having to be embarrassed about your credit problems anymore . but please do n't hesitate ! as we said , this is your chance for a fresh , new start ! new credit cards new car loans new bank loans new mortgage loans sparkling new aaa credit all this in just 30 days ! mail this or xanadu 1738 e . broadway ste . 412 long beach , ca . 90802 for more info you can reach our fax - on - demand center at : ( 562 ) 495-2784 _ _ _ please rush me your report on creating aaa credit in 30 days ! i want to receive the report at $ 12 . 50 last / first name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city / state / zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone no . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ check _ _ m . o . ( payable to : xanadu )
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 153,""Subject: find out what """" they """" do n't want you to know !
  
  dear friend : if you have already responded to the following announcement a few days ago , that means your package is already on its way and it should be arriving soon ! if you have not responded to this before , please pay attention to it now . this is very important ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! important announcement important announcement ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' your future may depend on it ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! before you know about this ' important announcement ' , you must first read the following ' editorial excerpts ' from some important publications in the united states : new york times : """" in concluding our review of financial organizations to effect change in the 90 's , special attention should be called to a california based organization , ' world currency cartel ' . members of this organization are amassing hundred of millions of dollars in the currency market using a very legal method which has never been divulged to the general public . while their purpose is not yet known , their presence has most certainly been felt """" . nbc nightly news : """" members of ' world currency cartel ' , who always keep a low profile , are considered to be some of the most wealthiest people in north america """" . more excerpts later , but first let us give you this very """" important announcement """" : ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' we are glad to announce that for the first time and for a very short period of time , world currency cartel will instruct a limited number of people worldwide on ' how to convert $ 25 into one hundred of legal currency ' . we will transact the first conversion for you , after that you can easily and quickly do this on your own hundreds or even thousands of times every month . take advantage of this """" secret flaw """" ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * it is even more explosive than we have yet disclosed . while currency does fluctuate daily , we can show you ' how to convert $ 99 into $ 588 as many times as you want ' . that means , you will be able to exchange $ 99 , american legal currency dollars , for $ 580 of the same . you can do this as many times as you wish , every day , every week , every month . all very legal and effortlessly ! it takes only 5 to 10 minutes each time you do this . you can do this from home , office or even while traveling . all you need is an access to a phone line and an address . best of all , you can do this from any city on this earth ! ! ! again , we must reiterate , anyone can do this and the source is never-ending . for as long as the global financial community continues to use different currencies with varying exchange rates , the """" secret flaw """" will exist . > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > as we said earlier , we will do the first transaction for you and will show you exactly how to do this on your own , over and over again ! the amount of exchange you would do each time is entirely up to you . working just 2 to 10 hours a week , you can soon join the list of millionaires who do this on a daily basis many times a day . the transaction is so simple that even a high school kid can do it ! we at the world currency cartel would like to see a uniform global currency backed by gold . but , until then , we will allow a limited number of individuals worldwide to share in the unlimited profits provided for by the world currency differentials . we will espouse no more political views nor will we ask you to do so . we can say however , that our parent organization , ndml , benefits greatly by the knowledge being shared , as we ourselves , along with you , benefit likewise . your main concern surely will be , how you will benefit . as soon as you become a member , you will make transactions from your home , office , by telephone or through the mail . you can conduct these transactions even while traveling . do n't believe us ? experience it for yourself ! ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; unlike anyone else , we will assure you great financial freedom and you will add to our quickly growing base of supporters and join the list of millionaires being created using this very """" secret flaw """" in the world currency market . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * don ' t envy us , join us today ! ! ! ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' there is a one time membership fee of only $ 195 . but , if you join us by july 20 , 1998 date , you can join us for only $ 25 administrative cost . your important documents , instructions , contact name / address , phone number and all other pertinent information will be mailed to you immediately . so take advantage of our anniversary date and join us today . ( if you are replying after july 20 , you must pay $ 195 . 00 for the membership fee . no exceptions , and no more e - mail inquiries please ) . upon becoming a member , you promise to keep all infos confidential ! ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ should you choose to cancel your membership for any reason , you must return all papers / documents for a refund within 60 days . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ important : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1 . . . please write your name & mailing address very clearly on a paper 2 . . . below your mailing address , please write your e - mail address 3 . . . at the top left hand corner , please write the words """" new member """" 4 . . . attach a check or money order for $ 25 + $ 10 for the shipping and handling of documents ( total = $ 35 . 00 ) payable to """" ndml """" and mail to : ndml po box 311 milford , nj 08848 * if outside us add an additional $ 10 ( total = $ 45 . 00 , international money orders only ) } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } here are some more ' editorial excerpts ' : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ wall street : """" a discreet group of americans , operating under the guise of world currency cartel have recently begun making rumbles in world finance market . while at this time , their game is not completely known , they certainly will be watched by those making major moves in the currency contracts """" . financial week : """" watch them , monitor them , extract their knowledge and try to become one of them . that is the soundest financial advice we could give to anyone """" . national business weekly : """" while this reporter has been left in the cold as to its method of operation , we have been able to confirm that ' world currency cartel ' and its members are literally amassing great fortunes overnight """" . $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ end $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
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 154,""Subject: they can even steal your identity !
  
  are you being investigated ? has your personal and credit information been stolen ? has someone assumed your identity ? would you like to locate an old friend , relative , military buddy or sweetheart ? do you want to find a person 's assets to collect a debt or judgement ? would you like to check a person 's criminal record before renting them space or giving them employment ? would you like to fix up your credit bureau report , create a new identity or even disappear ? are you going to have surgery ? would you like to know how many malpractice suits have been filed against your doctor ? now you can learn all this plus much , much more with our brand new 45 page report """" internet sleuth """" ! learn the internet tools and resources that are used to investigate you , your relatives , friends , neighbors , enemies , employees or anyone else ! we will give you thousands of internet locations to look up people , credit , social security , current or past employment , driving records , criminal records , medical information , military records , addresses , phone numbers , immigration , divorce , labor and criminal laws ! we will also give you sources to find missing children and parents , hazardous waste sites , how to do freedom of information act information searches , how to do skip tracing and backround checks on prospective dates , brides or grooms , employees , renters , vendors , new clients and competitors ! you will also learn about and where to get surveillance and spy devices , private mail forwarding and annonymous email forwarding sites , search for copyrights , patents and court cases and how to make your assets untraceable ! we will show you how to get copies of credit reports , adoption databases , information on drugs , poisons and how to get your share of government programs and benefits ! can you find this information by using the internet search engines ? the answer is maybe if you get lucky and if you want to spend many hours going through 25 , 000 plus hits per subject ! we and our staff have spent hundreds of hours and many thousands of dollars compiling this information for you ! now you can have it on a silver platter for less than twenty bucks during this special email promotion ! you frequently hear over the media , television , radio , the newspapers , how personal information is being used , traded and sold over the internet . . . usually without your permission or knowledge . our report will show you how it is done ! ! ! would you like to find that old romantic flame . . . find telephone , address or email information on almost anyone . . . even unlisted phone numbers ? how about your family """" tree """" ? we will teach you how to turn years of work into hours of fun ! military ? check army , navy , air force and marine records . extensive vietnamese war records , mia info , much more ! looking for a job ? find the job you are seeking . . . even in another state or another country ! we will teach you how ! looking for a new love interest or spouse or even sex partner ? we will show you where to look for fast results ! want up-to - the-minute health and medical information ? learn how to cure fears and phoebias , the latest drugs and treatments for almost any ailment or desease from the drug companies themselves as well as from universities and the center for desease control . want to learn the most effective way to loose weight ? it 's all here in our report ! if you believe that the information compiled about you should be as available to you as to the people that compile it about you without your knowledge or permission than you must order """" the internet sleuth report """" immediately ! our """" internet sleuth report """" is normally sold by direct mail for $ 39 . 95 and will soon be in book stores for $ 29 . 95 . however , to generate publicity and """" get the word out """" we are making this 10 day email special offer of our complete 45 page report for only $ 19 . 95 plus $ 3 for shipping and handling [ total $ 22 . 95 ] . sold with our 10 day money back guarantee ! this is the biggest bargain on the internet and the information it will give to you will give you great power ! it can really change your life in a positive way . order now ! the complete 45 page """" internet sleuth report """" only $ 19 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling - total $ 22 . 95 . shipped in plain wrapper by first class mail . add $ 5 for priority mail delivery . add $ 20 for overnight express ! we accept visa , mastercard , american express or discover . we can also accept your check by phone or fax . you may order by phone 9 am to 10 pm [ ny time ] by phoning [ 718 ] 287-3800 you may order by fax 24 hours per day by phoning our fax line at [ 718 ] 462-5920 . you can fax your credit card information or your check to email your order - do not hit reply on your keyboard send email to our special email address below : info1998 @ juno . com [ note : if you order by email and do not receive an email confirmation within 24 hours , please phone our office at 718-287 - 3800 ] you can also order by mail by sending $ 22 . 95 cash , check , money order or major credit card [ visa , mastercard , american express or discover ] to tcps , inc . 4718 18th ave . suite 135 brooklyn , ny 11204 make checks & money orders payable to tcps , inc . new york state residents please add $ 1 . 70 for sales tax the following order form is for your convenience ! use it by mail , fax or email ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please ship me _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ copies of the internet sleuth report at $ 19 . 95 each plus $ 3 . 00 for shipping and handling [ $ 22 . 95 ] signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp date _ _ _ _ _ _ ship to : name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ area code and home phone [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax # [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to remove your name from our mailing list , send us an email with remove in the subject line . this is a one time offer and you should not hear from us again ! tcps , inc . , 4718 18th ave . , suite 135 , brooklyn , ny 11204 office [ 718 ] 287-3800 fax [ 718 ] 462-5920 24 hours [ 9am to 10pm ny time ] [ c ] copyright 1998 tcps , inc . all rights reserved .
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 155,""Subject: hello
  
  explode your buisiness . . . right now ! this is the break you have been waiting for you do n't want to trash this one warning : this is real ! ! pass this up lightly and you ' ll be making one of the most grave mistakes of your life read this twice ! ! ! ! ! please accept my apology if this was sent to you in error ! you are about to make at least $ 50 , 000 - in less than 90 days read the enclosed program . . . then read it again ! . . . hi , my name is jessy lemieux , and i am the one who sent you this e-mail ( if not , someone i sent this to decided to leave my statement ) . first , let me assure you that this is real . i am a senior in high school in victorville , ca ; just an average person just as you probably are , but am already beginning to become wealthy beyond what i have ever dreamed . i can understand if you dont believe me right now , but i urge you to take a little time to read this and maybe think about it for a few days . that s what i did . i recieved this same e-mail about two months ago . i was skeptical , but after some consideration i decided to go for it . i decided that the $ 20 needed to start was worth risking ( besides if it was a scam i was going to go to the police with the addresses below and get the guy running it busted so that he couldn t rip off anyone else ) . well , to my surprise , i received my reports ( you ll find out about those later ) within two weeks via e-mail . soon i got a po box and a list of two million e-mails ( all very easy ) and started sending emails through a bulk email program i downloaded . everything was easy after that , and the cash was rolling in . and thats my story ( i have no reason to lie to you , my address is below and the last thing i want is hate mail for the rest of my life ) . if you are still concerned , write me and i will answer any questions you have . this truly is the opportunity of a lifetime , don t let it pass you by . sincerely , jessy lemieux pres . w . o . w . incorporated dear friend , the enclosed information is something i almost let slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . my name is christopher erickson . two years ago , the corporation i worked at for the past twelve years down-sized and my position was eliminated . after unproductive job interviews , i decided to open my own business . over the past year , i incurred many unforeseen financial problems . i owed my family , friends , and creditors over $ 35 , 000 . the economy was taking a toll on my business and i just could n't seem to make ends meet . i had to refinance and borrow against my home to support my family and struggling business . i truly believe it was wrong for me to be in debt like this . at that moment something significant happened in my life and i am writing to share my experience in hopes that this will change your life forever . . . . financially ! ! ! in mid - december , i received this program via email . six months prior to receiving this program i had been sending away for information on various business opportunities . all of the programs i received , in my opinion , were not cost effective . they were either too difficult for me to comprehend or the initial investment was too much for me to risk to see if they worked or not . one claimed i 'd make a million dollars in one year . . . it did n't tell me i 'd have to write a book to make it . but like i was saying , in december of ' 96 i received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off a mailing list . thank goodness for that ! ! ! after reading it several times , to make sure i was reading it correctly , i could n't believe my eyes . here was a money-making phenomenon . i could invest as much as i wanted to start , without putting me further in debt . after i got a pencil and paper and figured it out , i would at least get my money back . after determining that the program is legal and not a chain letter , i decided """" why not """" . initially i sent out 10 , 000 emails . it only cost me about $ 15 . 00 for my time on-line . the great thing about email is that i did n't need any money for printing to send out the program , only the cost to fulfill my orders . i am telling you like it is , i hope it does n't turn you off , but i promised myself that i would not """" rip-off """" anyone , no matter how much money it cost me ! . in less than one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by january 13th , i had received 26 orders for report # 1 . when you read the guarantee in the program , you will see that """" you must receive 15 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks . if you don ' t , send out more programs until you do ! """" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in 20 to 90 days was done . by january 30th , i had received 196 orders for report # 2 . if you go back to the guarantee , """" you must receive 100 or more orders for report # 2 within two weeks . if not , send out more programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goal . """" well , i had 196 orders for report # 2 , 96 more than i needed . so i sat back and relaxed . by march 19th , of my emailing of 10 , 000 , i received $ 58 , 000 with more coming in every day . i paid off all my debts and bought a much needed new car . please take time to read the attached program , it will change your life forever ! remember , it wont work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place . it does n't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! report # 2 explains this . always follow the guarantee , 15 to 20 orders for report # 1 , and 100 or more orders for report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or more in 20 to 90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i ' m sorry . it really is a great opportunity with little cost or risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to financial security . if you are a fellow business owner and you are in financial trouble like i was , or you want to start your own business , consider this a sign . i did ! sincerely , christopher erickson ps do you have any idea what 11 , 700 $ 5 bills ( $ 58 , 000 ) look like piled up on a kitchen table ? it ' s awesome ! a personal note from the originator of this program by the time you have read the enclosed information and looked over the enclosed program and reports , you should have concluded that such a program , and one that is legal , could not have been created by an amateur . let me tell you a little about myself . i had a profitable business for ten years . then in 1979 my business began falling off . i was doing the same things that were previously successful for me , but it was n't working . finally , i figured it out . it was n't me , it was the economy . inflation and recession had replaced the stable economy that had been with us since 1945 . i do n't have to tell you what happened to the unemployment rate . . . because many of you know from first hand experience . there were more failures and bankruptcies than ever before . the middle class was vanishing . those who knew what they were doing invested wisely and moved up . those who did not , including those who never had anything to save or invest , were moving down into the ranks of the poor . as the saying goes , """" the rich get richer and the poor get poorer . """" the traditional methods of making money will never allow you to """" move up """" or """" get rich """" , inflation will see to that . you have just received information that can give you financial freedom for the rest of your life , with """" no risk """" and """" just a little bit of effort . """" you can make more money in the next few months than you have ever imagined . i should also point out that i will not see a penny of your money , nor anyone else who has provided a testimonial for this program . i have already made over four million dollars ! i have retired from the program after sending out over 16 , 000 programs . now i have several offices which market this and several other programs here in the us and overseas . by the spring , we wish to market the ' internet ' by a partnership with america on line . follow the program exactly as instructed . do not change it in any way . it works exceedingly well as it is now . remember to email a copy of this exciting program to everyone that you can think of . one of the people you send this to may send out 50 , 000 . . . and your name will be on every one of them ! . remember though , the more you send out , the more potential customers you will reach . so my friend , i have given you the ideas , information , materials and opportunity to become financially independent , it is up to you now ! """" think about it """" before you delete this program from your mailbox , as i almost did , take a little time to read it and really think about it . get a pencil and figure out what could happen when you participate . figure out the worst possible response and no matter how you calculate it , you will still make a lot of money ! definitely get back what you invested . any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . it works ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc here ' s how this amazing program will make you $ $ $ $ $ $ let 's say that you decide to start small , just to see how it goes , and we ' ll assume you and all those involved send out 2 , 000 programs each . let 's also assume that the mailing receives a . 5 % response . using a good list the response could be much better . also many people will send out hundreds of thousands of programs instead of 2 , 000 . but continuing with this example , you send out only 2 , 000 programs . with a . 5 % response , that is only 10 orders for report # 1 . those 10 people respond by sending out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 20 , 000 . out of those . 5 % , 100 people respond and order report # 2 . those 100 mail out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 200 , 000 . the . 5 % response to that is 1 , 000 orders for report # 3 . those 1 , 000 send out 2 , 000 programs each for a 2 , 000 , 000 total . the . 5 % response to that is 10 , 000 orders for report # 4 . that 's 10 , 000 five dollar bills for you . cash ! ! ! ! your total income in this example is $ 50 + $ 500 + $ 5000 + $ 50 , 000 for a total of $ 55 , 550 ! ! ! ! remember friend , this is assuming 1 , 990 out of 2 , 000 people you mail to will do absolutely nothing . . . and trash this program ! dare to think for a moment what would happen if everyone or half sent out 100 , 000 programs instead of only 2 , 000 . believe me , many people will do that and more ! by the way , your cost to participate in this is practically nothing . you obviously already have an internet connection and email is free ! ! ! report # 3 will show you the best methods for bulk emailing and purchasing email lists . this is a legitimate , legal , money making opportunity . it does notrequire you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house except to get the mail . if you believe that someday you ' ll get that big break that you ' ve been waiting for , this is it ! simply follow the instructions , and your dream will come true . this multi-level email order marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time . email is the sales tool of the future . take advantage of this non-commercialized method of advertising now ! ! the longer you wait , the more people will be doing business using email . get your piece of this action ! ! multi-level marketing ( mlm ) has finally gained respectability . it is being taught in the harvard business school , and both stanford research and the wall street journal have stated that between 50 % and 65 % of all goods and services will be sold throughout multi - level methods by the mid to late 1990 's . this is a multi - billion dollar industry and of the 500 , 000 millionaires in the us , 20 % ( 100 , 000 ) made their fortune in the last several years in mlm . moreover , statistics show 45 people become millionaires everyday through multi - level marketing . instructions we at m . o . c . marketing business , have a method of raising capital that really works 100 % every time . i am sure that you could use $ 50 , 000 to $ 125 , 000 in the next 20 to 90 days . before you say """" bull """" , please read the program carefully . this is not a chain letter , but a perfectly legal money making opportunity . basically , this is what we do : as with all multi-level business , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the usa allows you to recruit new multi - level business partners , and we offer a product for every dollar sent . your orders come and are filled through the mail , so you are not involved in personal selling . you do it privately in your own home , store or office . this is the greatest multi - level mail order marketing anywhere : step ( 1 ) order all four 4 reports listed by name and number . do this by ordering the report from each of the four 4 names listed on the next page . for each report , send $ 5 cash and a self - addressed , stamped envelope ( business size # 10 ) to the person listed for the specific report . international orders should also include $ 1 extra for postage . it is essential that you specify the name and number of the report requested to the person you are ordering from . you will need all four 4 reports because you will be reprinting and reselling them . do not alter the names or sequence other than what the instructions say . important : always provide same-day service on all orders . step ( 2 ) replace the name and address under report # 1 with yours , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . drop the name and address under report # 2 to report # 3 , moving the one that was there to report # 4 . the name and address that was under report # 4 is dropped from the list and this party is no doubt on the way to the bank . when doing this , make certain you type the names and addresses accurately ! do not mix up moving product / report positions ! ! ! step ( 3 ) having made the required changes in the name list , save it as a text ( . txt ) file in it 's own directory to be used with whatever email program you like . again , report # 3 will tell you the best methods of bulk emailing and acquiring email lists . step ( 4 ) email a copy of the entire program ( all of this is very important ) to everyone whose address you can get your hands on . start with friends and relatives since you can encourage them to take advantage of this fabulous money-making opportunity . that 's what i did . and they love me now , more than ever . then , email to anyone and everyone ! use your imagination ! you can get email addresses from companies on the internet who specialize in email mailing lists . these are very cheap , 100 , 000 addresses for around $ 35 . 00 . important : you won't get a good response if you use an old list , so always request a fresh , new list . you will find out where to purchase these lists when you order the four 4 reports . always provide same-day service on all orders ! ! ! required reports * * * order each report by number and name * * * always send a self-addressed , stamped envelope and $ 5 cash for each order requesting the specific report by name and number you must include your e-mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """" order report # 1 from : w . o . w . incorporated po box 2527 victorville , ca 92393 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """" major corporations and multi-level sales """" order report # 2 from : m - tronics 32445 regents blvd . union city , ca 94587-4849 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """" sources for the best mailing lists """" order report # 3 from rkl international 3060 w . country meadow dr . tucson , az 85742 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """" evaluating multi-level sales plans """" order report # 4 from : thunder tech . 202 lathrop st . south hadley , ma 01075 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conclusion i am enjoying my fortune that i made by sending out this program . you too , will be making money in 20 to 90 days , if you follow the simple steps outlined in this mailing . to be financially independent is to be free . free to make financial decisions as never before . go into business , get into investments , retire or take a vacation . no longer will a lack of money hold you back . however , very few people reach financial independence , because when opportunity knocks , they choose to ignore it . it is much easier to say """" no """" than """" yes """" , and this is the question that you must answer . will you ignore this amazing opportunity or will you take advantage of it ? if you do nothing , you have indeed missed something and nothing will change . please re-read this material , this is a special opportunity . if you have any questions , please feel free to write to the sender of this information . you will get a prompt and informative reply . my method is simple . i sell thousands of people a product for $ 5 that costs me pennies to produce and email . i should also point out that this program is legal and everyone who participates will make money . this is not a chain letter or pyramid scam . at times you have probably received chain letters , asking you to send money , on faith , but getting nothing in return , no product what-so - ever ! not only are chain letters illegal , but the risk of someone breaking the chain makes them quite unattractive . you are offering a legitimate product to your people . after they purchase the product from you , they reproduce more and resell them . it 's simple free enterprise . as you learned from the enclosed material , the product is a series of four 4 financial and business reports . the information contained in these reports will not only help you in making your participation in this program more rewarding , but will be useful to you in any other business decisions you make in the years ahead . you are also buying the rights to reprint all of the reports , which will be ordered from you by those to whom you mail this program . the concise one and two page reports you will be buying can easily be reproduced ; emailed to the requester . best wishes with the program and good luck ! """" it was truly amazing """" """" not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind to participate in this program . but conservative as i am , i decided that the initial investment was so little that there was no way that i could not get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i ever surprised when i found my medium sized post office box crammed with orders ! i will make more money this year than any ten years of my life before . """" mary riceland , lansing , mi tips for success send for your four 4 reports immediately so you will have them when the orders start coming in . when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the product / service to comply with us postal and lottery laws . title 18 sections 1302 and 1341 specifically state that : """" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . """" while you wait for the reports to arrive : 1 . name your new company . you can use your own name if you desire . 2 . get a post office box ( preferred ) . 3 . edit the names and addresses on the program . you must remember , your name and address go next to report # 1 and the others all move down one , with the fourth one being bumped off the list . 4 . obtain as many email addresses as possible to send until you receive the information on mailing list companies in report # 3 . 5 . decide on the number of programs you intend to send out . the more you send , and the quicker you send them , the more money you will make . 6 . after mailing the programs , get ready to fill the orders . 7 . important : always provide same-day service on orders you receive ! 8 . make certain the letter and reports are neat and legible . your guarantee the check point which guarantees your success is simply this : you must receive 15 to 20 orders for report # 1 . this is a must ! ! ! if you do n't within two weeks , email out more programs until you do . then a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 , if you do n't , send out more programs until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , ( take a deep breath ) you can sit back and relax , because you are going to make at least $ 50 , 000 . mathematically it is a proven guarantee . of those who have participated in the program and reached the above guarantees-all havereached their $ 50 , 000 goal . also , remember , every time your name is moved down the list you are in front of a different report , so you can keep track of your program by knowing what people are ordering from you . it ' s that easy , really , it is ! ! ! remember : """" he who dares nothing , need not hope for anything . """" """" invest a little time , energy and money now or search for it for the rest of your life . """" ps ( from jessy lemieux ) if you have decided to participate , good for you ! i wish you good luck . just one thing though . whatever you do , don t give away the reports . i know its tempting to give them to your friends and relatives . i almost did , but then i began to think what would happen if everyone gave away just 5 reports . do the math and you ll find out that it could cost the people involved literallty hundreds of thousands of dollars . would you want someone to cheat you that way ? it seems harmless but is very damaging to this near perfect system . as long as everyone follows the system , everyone will be rich . sorry if this seemed like common sense to you , its just that excited people like me sometimes don t think about things like this and i wanted to make sure that no one gets cheated out of the work they put into this . once again good luck and don t refrain from writing me if you have any concerns . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - sent using global messenger - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - global messenger is designed to send e-mails to a list of recipients without exposing the recipient list to the recipients . it is an ideal batch e-mail tool for sending newsletters , marketing information , productupdates or other bulk mail materials from a normal ( smtp - compliant ) e-mail client account . allows you to attach files and automatically handles mime , uuencode vist www . global . net for more information - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - unregistered version - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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 156,""Subject: :
  
  thank you for your recent visit to one of our sponsored webpages . we would like to invite you to evaluate a brand new free internet search engine service : the cyberian search centre located here : canada - http : / / www3 . nf . sympatico . ca / dotel / usa - http : / / www . freeyellow . com / members / knowitall / usa - http : / / www . geocities . com / eureka / plaza / 1922 / index . htm if you have not found what you are looking for you have not been here ! all the best , cyberian search centre team note : please disregard any copies of this message you may receive
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 157,""Subject: would you like to . . . .
  
  . . drive a new vehicle for free ? ? ? this is not hype or a hoax , there are hundreds of people driving brand new cars , suvs , minivans , trucks , or rvs . it does not matter to us what type of vehicle you choose . if you qualify for our program , it is your choice of vehicle , color , and options . we don ' t care . just by driving the vehicle , you are promoting our program . if you would like to find out more about this exciting opportunity to drive a brand new vehicle for free , please go to this site : http : / / 209 . 134 . 14 . 131 / ntr to watch a short 4 minute audio / video presentation which gives you more information about our exciting new car program . if you do n't want to see the short video , but want us to send you our information package that explains our exciting opportunity for you to drive a new vehicle for free , please go here : http : / / 209 . 134 . 14 . 131 / ntr / form . htm we would like to add you the group of happy people driving a new vehicle for free . happy motoring .
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 158,""Subject: just released ! 10 million ! ! !
  
  it was just released ! ! introducing . . . millions vol . 1a we took a total of over 92 million email addresses from many of the touted cd 's that are out there ( bought them all - some were $ 300 + ) ! we added the millions we had in storage to those . when we combined them all , we had in excess of 100 + million addresses in one huge file . we then ran a super """" sort / de-dupe """" program against this huge list . it cut the file down to less than 25 million ! ! ! can you believe that ? it seems that most people that are selling cd 's are duping the public by putting numerous files of addresses in the cd over and over . this created many duplicate addresses . they also had many program """" generated """" email addresses like compuserve , mci , anon 's , etc . this causes a tremendous amount of undeliverables , and for those that use stealth programs , clogs up servers quickly with trash , etc . we then ran a program that contained 1800 + keywords to remove addresses with vulgarity , profanity , sex-related names , postmaster , webmaster , flamer , abuse , spam , etc . , etc . also eliminated all . edu , . mil , . org , . gov , etc . after that list was run against the remaining list , it reduced it down to near 10 million addresses ! so , you see , our list will save people hundreds of dollars buying all others that are out there on cd and otherwise . using ours will be like using the 100 + million that we started with , but a lot less money and alot less time ! ! we also purchased cyber - promos ( $ 995 . 00 ) cd . we received it just prior to finishing production work on the new cd . we had our people take a random sample of 300 , 000 addresses from the touted 2 . 9 that they advertised . we used a program that allows us to take a random sample of addresses from any list . we were able to have the program take every 9th address , thus giving us a 300 , 000 list of cyber 's email addresses from top to bottom . we cleaned these , and came up with about 100 , 000 addresses . these are also mixed in . we also included a 6 + million """" remove / flamer """" file broke into seperate files for ease of extracting and adding to your own database of removes . """" you can buy from the rest or you can buy from the best . your choice . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ what others are saying : """" i received the cd on friday evening . like a kid with a new toy , i immediately started bulking out using the new email addresses . over the course of the weekend , i emailed out over 500 , 000 emails and i received less than twenty undeliverables ! ! i am totally satisfied with my purchase ! ! thanks premier ! ! """" dave buckley houston , tx """" this list is worth it 's weight in gold ! ! i sent out 100 , 000 emails for my product and received over 55 orders ! ann colby new orleans , la * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * here ' s the bottom line here is what you get when you order today ! > > 10 million email addresses . . . 1 per line in simple text format on a cd . files are in lots of 5 , 000 ( no codes needed to open files ) . all files are separated by domain name for your convenience . plus you receive a tremendous remove list ! 6 million + > > > now only $ 150 . 00 ! this price is effective for the next seven days , thereafter the price will be $ 199 . 00 so order now ! all lists are completely free of any duplicates . we also on a continual basis , add new names and remove undeliverables and remove requests . the result is the cleanest email addresses available anywhere to use over and over again , for a fraction of the cost that other companies charge . typical rates for acquiring email lists are from 1 cent to as high as 3 cents per email address - that 's """" information highway """" robbery ! . * * * added bonus * * * all our customers will have access to our updates on the cd volume they purchase . that 's right , we continually work on our cd . who knows when those other cds were made . we ' re constantly adding and deleting addresses , removes . etc . it all comes back to quality . no one else offers that ! do n't even hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most effective way to market anywhere . . . period ! if you have any further questions or to place an order by phone , please do not hesitate to call us at : 800-600 - 0343 ext . 2693 to order our email package , simply print out the ez order form below and fax or mail it to our office today . we accept visa , mastercard , amex , checks by fax . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ez order form _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to order millions vol . 1a email addresses for only $ 150 . 00 . * please select one of the following for shipping . . _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package overnight . i ' m including $ 15 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package 2 day delivery . i ' m including $ 10 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ type of credit card : _ _ _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ _ _ mastercard credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amount $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( required ) signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you may fax your order to us at : 1-212 - 504-8192 check by fax services ! if you would like to fax a check , paste your check below and fax it to our office along with all forms to : 1-212 - 504-8192 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 24 hour fax services * * * please paste your check here and fax it to us at 1-212 - 504-8192 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from your original check . all checks will be held for bank clearance . ( 7-10 days ) make payable to : """" gd publishing """"
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 159,""Subject: free trial membership
  
  the latest in adult technology ! ! ! brand new xxx adult site free trial membership please visit the latest in live video conferencing . 1000 channels of hardcore ! ! live rooms ! ! ! young dancers ! ! ! large picture gallery ! thousands of pictures ! ! come and visit our site for a great experience . http : / / 209 . 125 . 67 . 144 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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 160,""Subject: earn $ 100 every time our phone rings . . .
  
  all you do is advertise this 800 number ! that ' s all ! ! $ 100 goes to you for every sale that the company closes ! does the idea of making at least $ 1 , 000 per week beginning your 2nd week of doing business excite you ? how about never having to sell a thing to your customer and never having to talk to anyone to make money ? i do n't know how this could get any easier . every aspect of selling or talking to someone is done completely by the company ! the number one home based business for the 2nd year in a row , fortune 5000 is a member of the better business bureau and the u . s . chamber of commerce . what this business will do for you : * handles all your calls , closes your sales , and sends you weekly commission checks ! * it pays you a $ 100 commission ( that 's over 50 % of the total sale ) for every sale . checks put $ $ $ in your pocket in less than your first week or two . . . quick commission earnings build and maintain motivation . all you do is advertise the toll-free number and your id number . * you can get started today . just advertise the business toll-free number with your id # and let this business close your sales every day . . . they do all the work and you get paid for it ! * you may advertise any way you choose : bulk e - mail , flyers , classifieds , postcards , etc . suppose you use bulk e - mail , as i am : 100 , 000 e - mails with a 1 / 10th of a percent ( 0 . 1 % ) sales rate at $ 100 per sale nets $ 10 , 000 . . . not too bad . there is nothing else out there that will provide you with an immediate income beginning this week with minimal effort . before you call , i want you to think about the quality of the live operators handling your call . i am convinced you will not find a better team of closers for your own personal sales . you will clearly understand what i am talking about once you call . please don ' t let this pass you by . make the call ! ! 1-800 - 811-2141 you will be asked for id # 50030 when you call . ( live operators are available from 8 am-10 pm cst monday through saturday and will be able to answer any questions you may have . ) call one of the 24hr testimonial lines at 888-703 - 5389 , 888-446 - 6949 , 888-446 - 6951 or 888-731 - 3457 ( all toll free ) .
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 161,""Subject: service update
  
  due to the significant and rapid policy changes recently implemented by many major search engines , we have updated our publication so you may evaluate your site 's exposure to the new risks and opportunities . http : / / www . sitestrategies98 . com to unsubscribe , please click on the link below and enter your e-mail address . http : / / www . sitestrategies98 . com / unsubscribe . html
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 162,""Subject: affordable family dental care
  
  with over 30 , 000 dentists nationwide we ' ll have one near you . for about $ 10 . 00 a month your family will save an average of 30-80 % on all dental procedures . includes : * routine cleaning and polishing , fillings , root canals , crowns , dentures , braces . * new sealants to prevent cavities . * cosmetic dentistry such as teeth whitening and veneers . * no paperwork , all pre-existing dental problems qualify with no waiting periods * toll - free doctor locator number . for further details please call 1-800 - 463-6021 please refer to id code - - - jj0625 p . s . call in for details before july 1st and with your dental plan receive the optical plan free ! thank y
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 163,""Subject: creating wealth in america
  
  creating wealth in america > from the desk of robert allen , the author of 2 mega best - sellers , nothing down and creating wealth in america san diego , california 11 : 29 p . m . """" i can't sleep until i get this off my chest . """" """" i ' m extremely frustrated """" . odds are that nine out of ten people who receive this letter will discard it without a second thought . yet , i know that i have discovered a secret that could change your financial life forever ! and i ' m willing to share it with you for free . do you want to end your money pressures forever ? do you want to double your income ? do you want to build an extra stream of income quickly ? if you answered yes , then let me show you how you can begin living your dreams , this year before it 's too late . i ' ll get right to the point . as it says on the letterhead , my name is robert allen . i ' m famous for my two # 1 new york times best-selling books . nothing down and creating wealth in america . there are lots of millionaires who credit their success to one of my books or seminars . so when i share this secret with you , i want you to know that i ' ve done my homework . here it comes . i have discovered what i believe is the perfect home-based business . although i ' m well known for real-estate investment books and seminars , this new business has absolutely nothing to do with real-estate . in fact , it 's much easier and far less risky . it involves : - no employees - little risk - little start up cash - it 's so simple , anyone can do it you could be earning $ 1 , 000 a week in as little as 90 days . one person i know went from zero to $ 3 , 000 a week in 60 days . that 's $ 150 , 000 a year extra , hassle-free income ! in my 20 years of research , i can honestly say , """" i ' ve never seen a faster , easier way to create a stream of income """" . i know this sounds too good to be true . frankly , i did n't believe it myself at first . finally , i agreed to check it out . as a test , i selected a small group of people and introduced them to this incredible opportunity . almost immediately , many of them started earning profits . within a week , many were earning incomes of $ 4 , 000 per month in net cash flow . now , some of them are cashing checks for $ 3 , 000 a week . and this is just the beginning ! their earning potential could be unlimited ! would you like to learn how to do that ? i 'd love to show you how . but only if you ' re interested enough to make one telephone call . the number to call immediately is 1-888 - 571-6637 . it 's a 3 - minute , 24 - hour recorded message . this may be the answer you have been seeking . warmly , robert g . allen p . s . i want to show you how to create extra streams of income quickly , go to the phone and call now 1-888 - 571-6637 .
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 164,""Subject: 
  
  this will end all of the confusion ! when it comes to free adult sites - go to : http : / / 209 . 84 . 246 . 106 / amateur this is the best that you ' ll see ! check out the 1 week free preview ! ! ! http : / / 209 . 84 . 246 . 106 / amateur / ( to be removed from our notification list go to : http : / / 194 . 190 . 221 . 199 / remove . html )
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 165,""Subject: invitation
  
  i would like to invite you to visit . visit ( vacancies in systems and information technology ) is an exhibition where the best companies meet the best people face to face , with a view to encouraging you to join them . since visit opened in 1994 , over 1 , 000 people have moved to new jobs at the event . companies attending include : logica , cmg , admiral , sema group , ibm , unisys , cap gemini , experian , bacs , p&o nedlloyd , synamic , syntegra , chp , mdis , parity , american express , legal and general , prudential , kenan and icl . why should you attend quite simply this is your chance to take control of your career . you get to speak face to face with the people you could be working with , and you choose who you will speak to and when . you can find out for yourself whether these companies have something to offer you . jobs on offer the huge number of vacancies at visit means there will almost certainly be a job you will be interested in no matter what your skills and experience . virtually every job at every level in systems , it and networking is on offer . these are located throughout the uk and across europe and the world . there are over 1 , 000 jobs on offer in total . how to get there by rail , take the underground from main london terminus to piccadilly circus . the caf royal is 50 yards away in regent street . by car follows signs to london , then west end , then piccadilly circus . there is ncp parking in denman street . what to bring if possible , bring copies of your cv , be dressed as if attending an interview , and be ready to explain what your main skills and strengths are , and also to discuss what is important to you in changing jobs . the exhibition is open between 12 and 8pm on tuesday 7th and wednesday 8th july . you do not need to attend on both days . if you have any further queries , please visit our web site at : http : / / www . visit . haynet . com
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 166,""Subject: confidential report
  
  revealing the secrets which have been made others so fabulously wealthy . offshore special report # 5599 * unfair & discriminatory divorce settlements are obsolete in this = report ! * ruthless creditors will cringe if they know you have read this report ! * lawyers may go broke by you reading this report ! * heartless tax agencies see red when they read this report ! * sneaky politicians use the information in this report everyday ! * your greedy banker does not want you to read this report ! * this report is black balled by most government agencies ! * back stabbing relatives hate this report ! chance for the little guy to get rich ! = 20 ( and the rich to get even richer ! ) it 's true ! there 's very little time left for the little guy to get rich = in the u . s . and many other countries . strict rules and regulations that = have been adopted by the u . s . government making it hard to start and run = a business - own a home - raise a f the rich are going offshore ! the rich get richer by applying the most powerful wealth-building = secrets known today . many of these millionaires are building their = empires offshore ( outside their home countries ) while doing business = inside their countries - using legal tax shelters = 20 the key is borrowing money then making it work by leveraging it ! the ability to acquire money by borrowing then leveraging what you have = borrowed is the key to wealth building and we are going to teach you how = you can do the same even if you have little or no money to start . = 20 the wealth secret ! america 's super wealthy have all used the same wealth building strategy = to get where they are today as they have for decades . use someone else 's = money to become rich - it 's very simple - you know it - i know it . but = the problem is how do we convince so the offshore special report # 5599 ! in this report you will have everything you need to get started - = started on your way to joining the elite - the 2 % to 5 % of u . s . citizens = - the rich . . . here 's the highlight of what report # 5599 offers . . . how the rich & politicians get even richer using trusts and how you = can do the same ! incorporate offshore - - completely private & away from your = government 's regulation ! your own secret offshore mailing address - - no one will know your = real address ! offshore private checking accounts - - deposit money & pay your bills = from offshore - no paper trails ! offshore tax havens - - legally delay or eliminate taxes - no one knows = - not even your government ! offshore ibc 's and trusts - - asset protection from creditors & your = government ! high yield offshore investments opportunities - - find out how the = rich make from 1 % to 4 % a week on their money - offshore & tax free - = you can do the same ! money making opportunities - - secrecy is a thriving industry ! this report also tells you additional information about how the rich = borrow money using roll over programs and tax free self - liquidating loan = concept and never repay one penny ! these self - liquidating loans are = done offshore . this is just one more tech who needs this report ? people who have a j . o . b . and have """" more month than money """" - ( job = 3d = just over broke ! ) people who are self-employed - paying that self employment tax and = are prime candidates for law suits from every direction ! people who are sick and tired of frivolous law suits - did you know = that in the u . s . there are 2 . 67 lawyers for every 1 , 000 people ? these = lawyers are hungry and need to sue someone for any reason to survive ! professional people such as doctors , technicians , architects , stock = brokers , accountants , and yes even lawyers ! - you know those people in = the higher than average tax brackets ! people who are getting married or are married and plan on living = happily ever after - now back to reality - the u . s . has a divorce rate = that exceeds 60 % every year ! partners who want to make sure their partnership is a true 50-50 deal = now and in future . people who live in a country that has strict rules and regulations = limiting where and how they can run their business and manage their = money . people who want to retire but can not afford to because of lack of = income or the rules put upon them from their government - restricting = them from receiving a decent income . people who are high audit risks or have been audited by their = government ' dictatorial tax agency - you know guilty until proven = innocent ! people who are paying their government 40 % to 60 % in taxes and are = sick and tired of doing so ! people who are close to bankruptcy and need to find solution as soon = as possible - 20 % to 40 % of the people in the united states are a = paycheck away from bankruptcy - yes those people ! people who want to make sure their children receive 100 % of their = inheritance without the government stealing it away ! people who want to keep their business and personal affairs private - = hard to do this day and age with all the computers ! people who have the dream of financial independence and want to make = thousands a week running their own home based business ! people who want to get a fresh start in life . anyone that has a desire to get ahead and the fortitude to make it = big and join the 2 % to 5 % - the rich ! the rich need this report also ! but what is really surprising is the people with money need this report ! = even the chosen few that have a few dollars and are frustrated with the = return on their investments . they need this report to find out how they = can make 1 % to 4 % on their money ev but wait - - soon you will be among the chosen few ! all it takes to receive the offshore special report number 5599 is = $ 50 . 00 u . s . - - that 's it ! you probably spent that on a movie or a night = on the town . $ 50 us to find out how you can beat the system , how you can = join the rich - start making what only a free bonus # 1 make 1000 % selling this report ! when you order the offshore special report number 5599 you will receive = a certificate of registration allowing you full reprint rights to = duplicate the report and sell it to whoever and wherever you wish ! you = keep all of the money . pay us nothing ! the = 20 free bonus # 2 self - liquidating loan report yes . . . it 's possible to borrow thousands and never repay one penny ! this = remarkable system is explained in the manual and there are no credit = checks , cosigners or employment verifications . after reviewing this = report you could put your own self - liquida a """" self - liquidating """" loan is a financial arrangement in which the = elements of """" arbitrage """" , """" compensating balance """" and """" advanced - point = funding """" are utilized . to explain each of these three topics would take = pages , but to sum it up it means money that = 20 those who order the report by december 1 , 1997 are eligible to receive = free bonus # 3 and # 4 below . free bonus # 3 """" how to make sure you make money from a web site """" things often overlook by most new comers . avoid those mistake if you = want to make money from your web site . free bonus # 4 """" the guerilla guide to bulk email """" . everything you need to know about = bulk email . a must for internet marketer . plus 100 , 000 flameproof email = addresses free to download . these are fresh names that you can use to = market your products . once again all of this is yours for only $ 50 plus $ 5 s&h . . . so order now ! complete the following form and mail it with your payment today and take = advantage of the free bonuses ! * * * we only receive international money orders for payment . we teach and = preach privacy ! please do not send personal or business checks or u . s . postal money = order . beware of those who do n't practice what they preach . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cut here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ yes , i order in the allotted time . i understand i will receive all = the free bonuses * ) _ _ _ _ _ i order after december 1 , 1997 . i understand i have full reprint = rights and can sell the report # 5599 keeping all the money , plus free = self - liquidating loan report . * ) we will check the post mark out . * * * make money orders payable to kimberly niles mail to : = 20 tromol pos 105 yogyakarta 55002 indonesia first and last name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ zip / postal code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cut here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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 167,""Subject: free live video sex ! ! !
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * attention video sex lovers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * never pay for video sex ever again . brand new totally free live video = sex website . come check out over 600 live video sex channels ! http : / / 207 . 105 . 143 . 54 / teenporn / a002 not forgetting hundreds of xxx mpeg videos , pictures , hot stories , = 20 special star features adult games and even an online casino ! = 20 http : / / 207 . 105 . 143 . 54 / teenporn / a002
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 168,""Subject: 
  
  by sendmail ( 8 . 8 . 9 / 8 . 8 . 9 ) with smtp id qaa27101 for ionandr @ aifh . ed . ac . uk from : irms @ accubilling . com to : ionandr @ aifh . ed . ac . uk subject : free advertising for your business ! bcc : = 20 hi , just wanted to pass along some information about a new piece of software = i now call my """" secret weapon """" . it 's amazing ! listen to this . . . me and hundreds of others can now reach """" millions of potential = customers """" - absolutely free ! a lot of us are creating immediate """" cash = flow explosions """" - literally overnight ! and blowing our competition right out of the water ! you have to check this thing out . to get some details , all you have to = do is send a e - mail to : irms1 @ accubilling . com mailto : irms1 @ accubilling . com = 20 """" our research indicates that the following material may = 20 interest you . if not , please let us know so we can remove = 20 your address from our list . send removes to irms @ accubilling . com . take = care . """" = 20
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 169,""Subject: investigate anyone right from your browser !
  
  hello , if this reached you in error , please accept our apologies and reply with = remove in the subject and you will be immediately . thanks ! = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d introducing the hottest new way to find out anything about anyone . . . = 20 internet investigator ! this is a totally new report on where and how to uncover information . = find out almost anything about almost anyone , easily , = 20 right on the internet ! = 20 trying to find an old friend ? want to know about when your boss was = arrested in college ? want to know someone 's income ? want = 20 to get the hard facts about someone 's past ? or present ? in a new = relationship and want to make sure you """" know """" them ? hiring a = 20 new employee ? want to find out something about that suspicious neighbor ? = starting a new business relationship ? trying to find = 20 your natural parents ? want to find an old army buddy ? need to validate a = social security number ? want to find an unlisted = 20 phone number ? or any other kind of information ? the list goes on and = on ! ! there are hundreds , if not thousands , of uses for = 20 this report ! = 20 or even find out about your own past . now , you can uncover out what = information about you is available to others ! this is the = 20 opportunity to find and fix incorrect information ! find any file about = you ! find out all of this and more right on the internet ! this report directs = you to hundreds of internet resources to uncover = 20 information on any number of people or businesses . you can discover anything you ever wanted to know about friends , family , = employees , new business prospects or anyone ! the = 20 internet is a huge tool for getting all kinds of information about = someone or a business . the problem is that most of these = 20 sources are not readily known about . now you can have the ability to use = these sources to uncover the information that you = 20 want ! there are many sources of information on the internet , but finding = them can be tricky and time consuming . search = 20 engines are great for simple queries , but it can take hours upon hours = to refine your search to find the one site that can = 20 offer you access to the kind of personal information you are looking = for . this report makes it easy and fast with all the = 20 hotlinks in place . just click and go ! internet investigator is the best and easiest way to get hard to find = information on the internet ! this new 58 page report = 20 tells you where and how to find almost any kind of information about = someone or a business . order today , and we will send the = 20 report to you via e-mail on the same day we recieve your order . and for = a limited time , it 's half-price ! = 20 here is a partial list of topics covered in the report . . . = 20 = b7 investigations = 20 = b7 vital records = 20 = b7 motor vehicles = 20 = b7 reverse phone numbers = 20 = b7 personnel records = 20 = b7 anonymous banking = 20 = b7 census = 20 = b7 adoption = 20 = b7 tips on searching = 20 = b7 people locators of all kinds = 20 = b7 medical sites = 20 = b7 credit information = 20 = b7 governmental resources = 20 = b7 e - mail and internet information = 20 = b7 military personnel records = 20 = b7 state government listings = 20 = b7 legal and political = 20 = b7 business sources = 20 = b7 jobs and screening = 20 = b7 laws and statutes = 20 = b7 mailing lists = 20 = b7 worldwide demographics = 20 = b7 media = 20 = b7 security and surveillance equipment = 20 = b7 miscellaneous and much , much more ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! all this and more for only $ 24 . 95 ( plus $ 4 . 50 shipping and handling ) ! = that 's half off the regular $ 49 . 95 price ! hurry ! this is a limited time offer ! just print and fill out this order form and mail it , along with your = check made payable to good info for $ 24 . 95 ( plus $ 4 . 50 = 20 shipping and handling ) in us funds , and we will send the report to you = via priority mail on the same day we get your order ! name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ st _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone ( in case there are questions ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ disk format pc _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mac _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mail to : good info services 584 castro st , suite 464 san francisco , ca 94114 e - mail : goodinfoservices @ yahoo . com = 20 hurry ! do n't miss this special price ! there will be a $ 25 . 00 fee for all returned checks .
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 170,""Subject: ad : stop pain fast !
  
  stop pain fast : golf - tennis - exercise with no pain ! hello ! = 20 my name is pat . i ' m an avid tennis player and walker . i suffered from shoulder pain for years . nothing seemed to = 20 give me complete pain relief . = 20 finally , i tried pain guard , a pain relief lotion sold by a = 20 company named outback secrets . pain guard relieved = 20 my shoulder pain quickly - in fact , almost immediately ! = 20 i liked pain guard so much , i bought the company 17 months ago . honest ! since buying the company , i ' ve helped hundreds and hundreds of people relieve chronic muscle and = 20 joint pain . for more information just click here or email = us : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to be removed , hit reply and type """" remove """" in the subject check out our newest service : virtual servers for ' responsible ' direct email marketers click here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ m & a computer services , or any subsidiary thereof , accept no = 20 responsibility whatsoever for the content or legality of any = 20 advertisement that appears in any mailing . it is the advertisers = 20 responsibility to check with local , state , and federal laws = 20 pertaining to the product or service they advertise .
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 171,""Subject: discover instant publisher cd-rom : unlimited profit ! ! ! !
  
  hi , * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * discover instant publisher cd-rom . unlimited profit ! ! guaranteed low initial cost . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * highly recommended visit ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! http : / / members . forfree . at / ~ bestbus / sincerely , joe kirky
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 172,""Subject: refinancing has never been so easy
  
  to remove your address and receive no future free insider software = sales , specials , or business opportunities from the net-advertiser = simply type """" remove """" in the subject . cross county funding puts dollars in your pocket for the past several years , cross country has been helping homeowners = like yourself save thousands of dollars a year on mortgage obligations . refinancing has never been so easy ! just reply by email and a member of = our professionally trained and courteous staff will contact you . . . free = of charge ! ! that 's right ! ! we ' ll even pay for the call . think you not eligible ? . . . think again . . . ! cross county 's accu-trak = qualifying programs cut through the red - tape and hassle commonly = associated refinancing . we ' re sure one of our programs is right for = you . ! - get cash now for home improvements . - consolidate your high interest credit card bills into 1 easy monthly = payment - 1st or 2nd mortgage financing is just a phone call away ! we specialize in mortgage refinancing and home equity loan arrangements . = no credit ? bad credit ? we ' ve got programs designed especially to get = cash to you ! the call is free . . . and there 's no obligation ! reply now = to this posting and start saving today ! ! ! disclaimer : cross county funding is not empowered to issue a mortgage commitment . we = are registered mortgage brokers with the ny state banking dept . all = loans are arranged through third part providers . please fill out the form below and e-mail to mortgage @ netsvoice . com to = start saving today ! name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ current interest rate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ approx . home value _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mortgage balance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mortgage type ( eg . fixed , adjustable , or balloon ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ look forward to your reply . email to mortgage @ netsvoice . com sincerely , marnie siegel for information on advertising with the net-advertiser , and details on a = free ad in the net-advertiser email us at information @ netsvoice . com contact us by telephone , monday - saturday ( 9am - 9pm edt ) at = 717-735 - 4808 . to subscribe to net advertiser 's free weekly publication please send an = e - mail message to information @ netsvoice . com
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 173,""Subject: this is the information age ! - 77273
  
  dear ionandr , a toll-free call that could mean financial success for you and your = family , once and for = 20 all ! * * * this is not multi-level or network marketing * * * if you answer """" yes """" to any of the following questions , then this = business may be = 20 perfect for you : 1 ) do you already have a home office in place ? ( personal computer , = fax , answering = 20 machine , etc . ) 2 ) do you have an extra 10 - 15 hours per week to commit toward = building your = 20 own part-time ( or full-time ) business ? 3 ) would you be able to read from a script , clearly , and with = enthusiasm , a 2 - 3 = 20 minute introduction of our products ? ( no """" cold-calling """" is required . = prospects will = 20 ask you to call them ! ) no selling ; our system does all the selling for = you . 4 ) with our system , on average , every 15 or 16 calls you return will = generate a sale = 20 that pays you a commission in excess of $ 1 , 100 . can you make that many = calls per = 20 week ? ( per day ? ) if you answered """" yes """" to any or all of the above questions , and you have = integrity , = 20 good work habits , and the desire to improve your financial outlook , then = call this toll - free number : = 20 * * * * * 1-800 - 200-2074 * * * * * imagine having the financial freedom you are seeking - along with = control of your = 20 personal finances and control of your time , so you can enjoy the fruits = of your labor = 20 and spend more time with your family , your hobbies , and all the = activities you enjoy . = 20 we ' re looking for a few quality people with the work ethic and desire to = generate a = 20 cash flow for themselves of $ 2 , 000 - $ 5 , 000 per week , or more , depending = on how = 20 much time you are able to devote to this business . = 20 if you have the self-discipline to ignore the tv for a few hours two or = three evenings = 20 per week , and if you ' re looking for a legitimate home-based business = opportunity , that = 20 is not multi-level marketing , then please call our toll-free number , = 1-800 - 200-2074 . = 20 listen to the brief message , leave your name and phone number , and we = will get back = 20 to you as quickly as possible . = 20 you have nothing to lose but a few minutes of your time to further = investigate how this = 20 opportunity can change your life forever ! p . s . it is easier if you already have a functional home office = situation . this greatly = 20 reduces your start-up costs , and facilitates you being able to begin = immediately . = 20 please , serious inquiries only .
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 174,""Subject: make $ 1000 a day within 3 months !
  
  are you are interested in making $ 1000 us a day within the next 3 months ? are you are willing to put forth an honest effort to achieve that goal ? if your answer is yes to both questions then i can help you achieve that goal ! call the following number and listen to the 3 minute message . then at the tone leave your name and number ( with area code ) and i will get back to you with more information on how you can get started to making $ 1000 us a day ! this is a serious business opportunity . serious inquiries only please . in the us call toll free : 1-888 - 310-6226 outside the us call : 619-678 - 4228 ext . 6733 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * just for calling and leaving your name you can receive a $ 1500 marketing package which is available for immediate download . all software is fully functional , and not shareware . it is available for you to use to market your online business . . . 1 . 32 bit mailing and extracting software . . . value $ 400 http : / / www . success-minded . com / extractorinfo . htm 2 . mailing software to convert your pc into a mailserver . . . value $ 500 http : / / www . success-minded . com / rfmsinfo . htm 3 . global mail lists pre-cleaned against a global remove list . ( value $ 250 ) 4 . entry into a password protected site , where fresh addresses updated each week are available for download . these are the result of the efforts of dozens of computers scanning the www for the freshest most targeted addresses available ! ( value about $ 100 / 10 , 000 targeted addresses ) 5 . a detailed help file to guide you , no matter how new you are to internet marketing , into the successful use of these tools . all of the above is fully functional , ready to use . you can be up and running in a single day . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * i am bundling this package together with an exciting , life enriching organization dedicated to empowering you towards a richer , fuller , more satisfying life . . . in terms of personal well being and financial independence . the real difference between us and our competition is that we supply you with all the tools you need to build your business . our marketing philosophy is based , not on taking from others , but on """" giving """" to others . can you think of any other support team that gives its new members such a package of tools right from the start ? i have n't found one , and believe me i have searched . in addition to being given this package for your personal use . . . you are also given the rights to give it away to build your group . that 's right . think how easy it is to build your own business with such a powerful draw card . and this package is growing all the time . we are continuously seeking to improve it by adding new software , upgrades , additional fresh addresses , etc . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this is a free offer , not uce or spam . if however , if this offer has disturbed you and you wish to be removed from this and future offers of this type , please : mailto : mmfbiz2 @ hotmail . com ? subject = remove
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 175,""Subject: pass out 800 # $ $ $
  
  x - info : generate excellent income passing out 800 # s get paid weekly ! ! no meetings ! ! no selling ! ! we do all the work for you ! to see how easy this program really is , call : 1-800 - 811-2141 code # 49744
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 176,""Subject: correspondence and friends .
  
  hello from salvador / bahia / brasil , * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to receive more information on our services come and request our ' info ' . we will e-mail it to you directly . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - correspondence * dating * romance * travel korrespondenz * partnervermittlung * reisen korespondencja * matrymonialne * podroze correspondencia * sitas * matrimonios * viajes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ we invite you * zapraszamy cie los invitamos * wir laden sie ein from , brazilian office http : / / www . always-friends . com
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 177,""Subject: 
  
  hi . . . ever thought about starting your own home-based business or making money on the internet using your personal computer ? if so , i would like to help you . i have a disk that contains 177 business reports that will tell you how to set up many profitable and low cost home-based businesses step by step . i have used these reports to make more money than i ever imagined . besides many home-based businesses ( not envelope stuffing ) these reports include : raise money fast and ethically , how to spot scams , marketing and advertising techniques and many mail order businesses that require just a few hours a week . to order this disk please send $ 15 . 00 ( us ) by cash , check , or money order to lda sales at po box 727 paw creek , nc 28130 . cash or money orders will be processed in 48 hours after receiving them . checks will take a few days longer . price includes shipping and handling . please include your e-mail address when you order and i will notify you when the disk is shipped . your pc will need to be connected to a printer so you will be able to view and print the desired reports . bonus : i will also include the copyright license so you can sell the reports individually or the whole disk . if you are not interested in this business opportunity please forgive this intrusion . there is no need to request to be """" removed """" from our mailing list because this is a one time mailing . thank you very much for your time .
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 178,""Subject: re : never forget
  
  you ' ll never forget again ! ! do you forget ! ? - friends ' birthdays ? - anniversaries ? - special occasions ? - any important dates that you want to be reminded of ? - or even reminders to do things like call your friend in alaska once a year ? if so we have a solution for you ! ! ! for the rest of your life we will remind you ! ! we ' ll send you a postcard one week prior to every date you want to be reminded of for the rest of your life ! you will receive unlimited reminders that you can update at any time for the rest of your life . think about it . . . you will never miss your relatives birthdays , your anniversary , special dates for business contacts , and the list never stops . you will never forget again . we can even send gift paks automatically to anyone you want . your friends will be amazed that you actually remembered their birthday . you can receive this entire package for only $ 39 . 00 canadian funds ( $ 30 . 00 u . s . funds ) but wait . . . if your order is received in the next ten days you can receive an additional package to give to a friend , relative , or business contact for only $ 15 . 00 canadian funds ( $ 10 . 00 u . s . funds ) more . do n't delay ! ! in order for us to receive your order in the next ten days you must send your order today . your relatives , friends , business contacts will all thank you for it in the future . print the following section now please make cheque or money order payable to vme and send with following order form to : vme lifetime reminder service 1674 village view place mississauga , ontario l5m-3t9 canada - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lifetime reminder service name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # of packages : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amount enclosed : $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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 179,""Subject: do you need more money ?
  
  hi , would you like to earn an extra $ 700 a week . . . $ 2 , 800 a month just by mailing our business circulars from your home ? you can make this kind of money without even giving up your present job . we have created the most risk-free way to do this , and all you have to do is mail out our business circulars and get paid for your work . this exciting new home employment opportunity is so effective - yet quick and easy that your success is absolutely guaranteed ! we publish , sell and distribute information booklets , guides , reports , manuals and computer software all across canada and the united states . since we do the majority of our business by mail , we in turn send out thousands of our sales circulars each week . our company circulars are the sales letters / product offers that are sent out in response to customer inquiries . when you mail our circulars , you ' ll be greatly helping us by getting our offers out to more customers . you ' ll be taking part in the most remarkable opportunity available . our system of mailing circulars is very easy to operate . all you will be doing is taking copies of the standard , letter-sized ( 8 1 / 2 """" x11 """" ) circulars that we provide you with and fold them to fit into the envelopes you will receive . after you have folded and inserted the circulars into the envelopes , you just have to seal the envelopes and deposit them in your mail . you will not have to spend any time addressing envelopes or pay any postage costs to mail out our circulars , because all envelopes will arrive pre-addressed and with postage already in place . it should only take you a few hours a week . it 's as simple as that ! circular mailing is easy and pleasant work that is very profitable ! we have developed a legitimate and realistic money-making business system that is practical and uncomplicated . simple enough that anyone can take part in it regardless of education , age , physical ability or disability . our program is easy to understand , with step-by - step instructions that are sure to get you started quickly and with confidence . this is a highly fool-proof , tried , tested and proven method that you can run from the comfort and privacy of your own home - without any personal contact with anyone at any time . you can take part in our program any hour of the day . . . any day of the week . we do not require that you have any related experience to take part in our program . all that we want are serious minded people who can read and write simple english , and who are able to put in a few extra hours each week towards earning a great income . although you do n't need any experiance , it is important that you be ambitious and motivated because you will be working on your own - without supervision . it will be your responsibility to get your work done . you do not have to meet a certain quota each week , and we do not impose any restrictions on the amount of work that you choose to do . our circular mailing program allows you the complete flexibility to organize and choose your own work load and work schedule . you can work part-time or full-time , and you are always free to take a break from your work - planning your own time off . furthermore , you may quit the program at any time , since you will be an independent mailer and have no obligation to our company what-so - ever . home employment is wonderful . it can provide you with a great sense of accomplishment , pride and freedom - but you must remember to treat your work seriously and with respect . what you get out of our program is exactly what you put into it . earn as much or as little as you like - it 's all up to you . you can start the same day you receive our supplies and information package , and begin receiving money within 2 weeks time , and every week from then on for as long as you desire to participate in our program . thousands of people all over canada and the united states are making excellent money mailing circulars from their homes . you can join our successful network , of circular mailers and get your share of this money too ! it makes no difference if you live in a small town or a large city . as long as you can get to a mailbox to mail the circulars , you can participate in this great home income opportunity . anyone with a little common sense and a desire to succeed can take part in our program and earn excellent income for themselves in a very short period of time . one of the nicest things about our circular mailing program is hoe quickly it works . you can start the same day you receive our supplies and information package , and begin receiving money within 2 weeks time , and then for as long as you decide to participate in our program . imagine never having to leave your home while making more money in a few hours than a lot of people earn after a full week 's work ! in fact , you can be making great money in as little as 10 hours a week ! and remember , you do n't need any special education of experience . this program can work for anyone - regardless of background , age or location . just mail the circulars and spend the rest of the day enjoying yourself . imagine being able to work in the comfort of your own home , at your own pace and in your leisure with a simple system to earn $ 700 . 00 a week working only a few hours a week . . . it 's a great place to start . you really do n't have to work hard to get ahead in life - you just have to work smart . by following our easy steps , you will connect with making $ 700 a week - every week . we ' ll even show you how you can increase an income of $ 700 . 00 a week into as much as $ 1 , 000 . 00 a week or more with ease . it 's very simple and it 's very realistic . with the basic details we ' ve outlined , you ' ll easily see the incredible income potential right away . this program is so well thought out and developed that you cannot fail to make great money ! you ' ll be able to set up your operation so that you can have all the free time in the world to do with as you please , without anyone looking over your shoulder . if you choose , you ' ll only have to work at your affairs for about an hour or two a day , and these will turn out to be extremely easy , fun hours , with no boss snooping around and no one to answer to . believe this , after you spend the small amount of up-front time getting organized , setting up your own system , you ' ll soon realize that nothing could be easier , or offer you more privacy and personal freedom ! unlike others who you might see promoting the same old useless stuff - year in and year out , we have developed a unique approach which has never been released to the public by anyone else . cybermarketing is the only source for this valuable program . so please do n't confuse it with any of the other get-rich - quick schemes or ads you might see . if you ' re searching for an honest to goodness , legitimate , legal and spare time work at home opportunity , then your search has finally ended . this is a 100 % proven money - making program ! proven to make good money for everyone who uses it ! if you ' re like most folks , you ' re going to absolutely love our circular mailing program because it 's the most legitimate , """" on-the - level """" , easy to start , profitable work-from - home opportunity ever created ! we say this honestly because it really works ! you won't find any gimmicks , surprises or silly schemes . only valuable information that you ' ll need so you can quickly learn exactly what to do and how to do it ; and our proven , professionally written circulars . our circular mailing program can bring you all the money you need . when you receive our start up package in the mail , you will get all the supplies you need to get started right away including your personal information kit ( your complete instructional handbook ) and our business circulars . you will receive everything as promised . and do n't forget you will not have to pay postage costs to mail our circulars because envelopes will arrive completely addressed and with postage already in place . just mail out the circulars and receive pay cheques that are yours to spend any way you wish ! you can take part in our program for as long as you want . . . earn $ 700 a week for the rest of your life . we can only accommodate a limited number of people in our unique program . so if you are interested , please do not delay . send in your acceptance form as soon as you can . you have our guarantee that this program can change your life practically overnight . we know of no other home employment opportunity with the potential to make the great amounts of money that this program does . this is a complete home-based opportunity that really works . our only requirement is a one time only , fully refundable payment of only $ 27 . 00 . this payment covers the cost of your supplies and the processing of your membership . this is a one-time payment , you will not have to pay us any other costs to get additional materials . and because we ' re so sure that we have the right home employment opportunity for you , we are backing up our promises with our exclusive guarantee . . . $ 33 , 600 . 00 guarantee you can easily earn $ 33 , 600 . 00 in the next year with our program . in fact , we are so confident that you can make over $ 700 a week mailing out our circulars that we are going to offer you the most air-tight guarantee in existence . as soon as you receive our start up package in the mail , send out our circulars right away . if you do n't start earning a minimum of $ 700 a week within 30 days , simply return our materials for a complete refund . you either make $ 700 a week or your money back ! join our network of circular mailers today . we truly want to help you get started as quickly and as easily as possible . this program is designed for people who are serious about earning a substantial income . we are convinced that you will be absolutely thrilled when you see just how much money you can make with our program . we ' ve got your start-up kit all packaged up and ready to go . just give us the word and we ' ll have it out the door and on its way to you . if you follow our instructions , you will be well on your way to earning $ 700 per week by mailing circulars from home . just print and fill out the exclusive membership form at the bottom of this page and mail it in with your remittance and your order will be rushed to you right away by first class mail . we hope that you allow us the honor of being the ones who helped you to achieve long-term financial success and personal freedom . most sincerely , the staff at cybermarketing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - home mailers program order-form - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - please rush me my package of the home mailers program and the home business directory right away ! ! ! send $ 27 . 00 in u . s funds . ( includes postage & handling ) name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mail to : cybermarketing p . o . box # 563 address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ lindsay , ontario , canada , k9v 4s5 city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ zip / postal code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( orders payable by cheque please allow 4 - 6 weeks for delivery . ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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 180,""Subject: do you enjoy having sex ?
  
  see the only sexxx = site approved by bill clinton ! click here ! ! ! click here to be = removed from the mailing list .
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 181,""Subject: your sites
  
  after reading your internet page , i wondered if you would be interested = in the memorable alpha-numeric 0707 4 glasgow or 08700 scotland = telephone number , which will be easily remembered by your customers , in = a marketing campaign . if you are interested please call on 07000 750750 , = if not , i am very sorry for contacting you . = 20
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 182,""Subject: this is new at 95 . 8 capital fm
  
  do n't want to receive these e-mails ? = 20 click the following link to remove your address from our mailing list : = 20 http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - fantasy record label - take your favourite bands to the top . - london fashion week - chat to the stars of the fashion world ! - sportstime - live action and big games . - shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - - fantasy record label - take your favourite bands to the top . think you ' ve got what it takes to be a success in the music biz ? from sunday 27th you can try your hand with the return of the stunning = fantasy record label game win new amazing prizes at : http : / / capitalfm . com - london fashion week - the stars and the fashions . britain 's premiere event in the fashion calendar begins on friday 25th , = and it ' ll all be happening right on your screen . you ' ll be able to chat to models catherine hawley and lorato and designers from giant and workers = for freedom , on monday the 28th of september at 7 . 30pm . so if you want to = ask the advice of a host of top industry stars go straight to : http : / / capitalfm . com - sportstime - live action and big games . on saturday it 's sheffield wednesday v arsenal as the champions look to move up a gear following a sluggish start to the season . . . there 's the september player of the month vote . . . plus previews , reports and goal action from all the big soccer fixtures at : http : / / capitalfm . com - shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . our new music shop = is going down a storm , and if you have n't checked out how easy it is to buy the latest and greatest music , do n't hesitate ! everything is done from = your desktop and the next thing you know your favourite music is in your mailbox . and we ' re always here to help should you have any questions . = for a new music buying experience come to : http : / / capitalfm . com + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - advertisement _ \ / _ = 20 / / o \ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = 20 cd | paradise . com looking for nirvana ? come to cd paradise ! = 20 _ _ | _ cd 's at up to * * 30 % discount * * = 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = 20 | kenickie get in # 9 . 79 | > new release | all saints all saints # 11 . 99 | the manic street = 20 | aqua aquarium # 12 . 74 | preachers = 20 | boyzone where we belong # 12 . 74 | latest album _ \ / _ = 20 | mike oldfield tubular bells 3 # 12 . 74 | order / / o \ = 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - today | = 20 cd paradise _ | _ _ = 20 * * * * http : / / www . cdparadise . com / hme / hmepge . asp ? shop = 3d2673 * * * * + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - = 20
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 183,""Subject: just released ! 10 million ! ! !
  
  it was just released ! ! introducing . . . millions vol . 1a we took a total of over 92 million email addresses from many of the touted cd 's that are out there ( bought them all - some were $ 300 + ) ! we added the millions we had in storage to those . when we combined them all , we had in excess of 100 + million addresses in one huge file . we then ran a super """" sort / de-dupe """" program against this huge list . it cut the file down to less than 25 million ! ! ! can you believe that ? it seems that most people that are selling cd 's are duping the public by putting numerous files of addresses in the cd over and over . this created many duplicate addresses . they also had many program """" generated """" email addresses like compuserve , mci , anon 's , etc . this causes a tremendous amount of undeliverables , and for those that use stealth programs , clogs up servers quickly with trash , etc . we then ran a program that contained 1800 + keywords to remove addresses with vulgarity , profanity , sex-related names , postmaster , webmaster , flamer , abuse , spam , etc . , etc . also eliminated all . edu , . mil , . org , . gov , etc . after that list was run against the remaining list , it reduced it down to near 10 million addresses ! so , you see , our list will save people hundreds of dollars buying all others that are out there on cd and otherwise . using ours will be like using the 100 + million that we started with , but a lot less money and alot less time ! ! we also purchased cyber - promos ( $ 995 . 00 ) cd . we received it just prior to finishing production work on the new cd . we had our people take a random sample of 300 , 000 addresses from the touted 2 . 9 that they advertised . we used a program that allows us to take a random sample of addresses from any list . we were able to have the program take every 9th address , thus giving us a 300 , 000 list of cyber 's email addresses from top to bottom . we cleaned these , and came up with about 100 , 000 addresses . these are also mixed in . we also included a 6 + million """" remove / flamer """" file broke into seperate files for ease of extracting and adding to your own database of removes . """" you can buy from the rest or you can buy from the best . your choice . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ what others are saying : """" i received the cd on friday evening . like a kid with a new toy , i immediately started bulking out using the new email addresses . over the course of the weekend , i emailed out over 500 , 000 emails and i received less than twenty undeliverables ! ! i am totally satisfied with my purchase ! ! thanks premier ! ! """" dave buckley houston , tx """" this list is worth it 's weight in gold ! ! i sent out 100 , 000 emails for my product and received over 55 orders ! ann colby new orleans , la * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * here ' s the bottom line here is what you get when you order today ! > > 10 million email addresses . . . 1 per line in simple text format on a cd . files are in lots of 5 , 000 ( no codes needed to open files ) . all files are separated by domain name for your convenience . plus you receive a tremendous remove list ! 6 million + > > > now only $ 150 . 00 ! this price is effective for the next seven days , thereafter the price will be $ 199 . 00 so order now ! all lists are completely free of any duplicates . we also on a continual basis , add new names and remove undeliverables and remove requests . the result is the cleanest email addresses available anywhere to use over and over again , for a fraction of the cost that other companies charge . typical rates for acquiring email lists are from 1 cent to as high as 3 cents per email address - that 's """" information highway """" robbery ! . * * * added bonus * * * all our customers will have access to our updates on the cd volume they purchase . that 's right , we continually work on our cd . who knows when those other cds were made . we ' re constantly adding and deleting addresses , removes . etc . it all comes back to quality . no one else offers that ! do n't even hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most effective way to market anywhere . . . period ! if you have any further questions or to place an order by phone , please do not hesitate to call us at : 800-600 - 0343 ext . 2693 to order our email package , simply print out the ez order form below and fax or mail it to our office today . we accept visa , mastercard , amex , checks by fax . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ez order form _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to order millions vol . 1a email addresses for only $ 150 . 00 . * please select one of the following for shipping . . _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package overnight . i ' m including $ 15 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package 2 day delivery . i ' m including $ 10 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ type of credit card : _ _ _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ _ _ mastercard credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amount $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( required ) signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you may fax your order to us at : 1-212 - 504-8192 check by fax services ! if you would like to fax a check , paste your check below and fax it to our office along with all forms to : 1-212 - 504-8192 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 24 hour fax services * * * please paste your check here and fax it to us at 1-212 - 504-8192 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from your original check . all checks will be held for bank clearance . ( 7-10 days ) make payable to : """" gd publishing """"
 "",1
 184,""Subject: dirt cheap hard drives and more ! ! ! ! !
  
  / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / this message complies with the new bulk email laws . sender : hal smalltalker , inc . 268 bush street # 3302 san francisco , ca 94104 u . s . a . fax : 925-432 - 9904 24 hrs if you wish to be removed from this advertiser 's future mailings , please enter your e-mail address at http : / / 207 . 55 . 200 . 4 / remove and this software will automatically block you from their future mailings . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / visit http : / / 207 . 55 . 200 . 4 for some great web hosting deals ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! you can now buy ide hard drives for less - 10 % , 20 % , 30 % , 40 % , 50 % or more less than you thought possible ! ! ! some of these drives are new still in the manufacturer 's static-free bags . most drives are used but all drives are being sold at rediculously low prices . . . it is absolutely amazing ! ! ! you can have the ide hard drive you ' ve always wanted right now today . . . . . . . . . we have 16 ide hard drives in stock ready to ship ! + maxtor 2 . 5 gb = = > 1 ea . asking $ 100 . 00 or best offer ! + western digital 2 . 5 gb = = > 3 ea . asking $ 100 . 00 or best offer ! + maxtor 5 gb = = > 4 ea . asking $ 150 . 00 or best offer ! + maxtor 6 gb = = > 1 ea . asking $ 150 . 00 or best offer ! + western digital 6 gb = = > 1 ea . asking $ 150 . 00 or best offer ! + maxtor 7 gb = = > 2 ea . asking $ 175 . 00 or best offer ! + maxtor 8 gb = = > 4 ea . asking $ 175 . 00 or best offer ! think our asking prices are too high ? no problem ! just make us an offer and fax your order in along with a photocopy of your cashier check or money order and we ' ll set that drive aside for you and you alone - first come first served ! no """" reasonable """" offers will be refused . order today ! ! ! ! ! free shipping ( no p . o . boxes please ) via ups ! print order form ship to : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do n't delay , these hard drives won ' t last long ! ! ! ! ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * mail payment cashiers check or money order no personal checks to : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( us funds only ! ) hal smalltalker , inc . 268 bush street # 3302 san francisco , ca 94104 u . s . a . fax : 1-925 - 432-9904 ( 24x7 ) - fax your order and mail your payment ! thank you for your kind attention , and have a nice day ! ! ! ! + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + visit http : / / 207 . 55 . 200 . 4 for some great web hosting deals ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! anon - a-spam ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * you can now spam using almost """" any """" isp in the world and do it all you want 24 hrs a day with absolute anonymity - nobody will ever know which isp you use unless you tell them which means the internet account you use for anon - a-spam will never get cancelled because of your spamming activities . sounds too good to be true ? ! ? yeah , you ' ve heard all this before but it never worked ? ! ? well we ' ve got an edge all those other hucksters did n't have . . . anon - a-spam was designed by a highly trained team of professional network engineers and computer programmers and it has been rigorously tested under every condition possible and it has proven to be 100 % effective in hiding the identity of the isp used to send the e-mails . need more proof ? just take a good look at the headers at the top of this e-mail ! you might have to turn-on the right option for your e-mail client so you can see the headers . . . think you know where this e-mail came from ? think again ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! after your fax and payment arrives we ' ll send you complete details on how you can get your hands on anon - a-spam so you too can begin mailing spam 100 % anonymously ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! order today ! ! ! ! ! free shipping ( no p . o . boxes please ) via ups ! print order form ship to : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do n't delay , these hard drives won ' t last long ! ! ! ! ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * mail payment $ 199 . 00 cashiers check or money order no personal checks to : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( us funds only ! ) hal smalltalker , inc . 268 bush street # 3302 san francisco , ca 94104 u . s . a . fax : 1-925 - 432-9904 ( 24x7 ) - fax your order and mail your payment ! thank you for your kind attention , and have a nice day ! ! ! ! + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 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 "",1
 185,""Subject: this is new at 95 . 8 capital fm
  
  do n't want to receive these e-mails ? click the following link to remove your address from our mailing list : http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - boyzone chat - chat to the boys direct from the stage at wembley stadium ! - new releases - all the best new music . - fantasy record label - take your favourite bands to the top . - the truman show - win tickets to the preview ! - online music shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . - sportstime - live action and big games . + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - - boyzone - on october 11 we will bring you an exclusive chat with boyzone direct from the stage at wembley stadium ! join us from 5pm and for more information closer to the date come to : http : / / capitalfm . com - new releases - all the best new music . 911 , tina arena , hinda hicks , b * witched , fun lovin ' criminals and many more . to check them out come to : http : / / capitalfm . com - fantasy record label - take your favourite bands to the top . think you ' ve got what it takes to be a success in the music biz ? you can now try your hand with the return of the stunning fantasy record label game win new amazing prizes at : http : / / capitalfm . com - the truman show - win tickets to the preview and be first on your street to have seen the truman show ! jim carrey is truman who 's life is stuck in a soap opera . for your chance to win , go to : http : / / capitalfm . com - shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . our new music shop is going down a storm , and if you have n't checked out how easy it is to buy the latest and greatest music , do n't hesitate ! everything is done from your desktop and the next thing you know your favourite music is in your mailbox . and we ' re always here to help should you have any questions . for a new music buying experience come to : http : / / capitalfm . com - sportstime - live action and big games . vote now for the september player of month - alan shearer 's the favourite , but maybe you think different ? is george graham the right man for spurs - we focus on the biggest transfer of the season so far . england are back on the euro 2000 trail , with games against bulgaria and luxembourg and we ' ll have all the latest from the england camp . listen out for live commentary with the capital gold sport team when arsenal face panathanaikos in the champions ' league ( sept 30 ) and newcastle united at home in the premiership ( oct 4 ) . all this on : http : / / capitalfm . com
 "",1
 186,""Subject: build your own calbe tv descrambler with only 7 parts !
  
  cable television descrambler - easy to make ! build your own cable television descrambler with only 7 parts from radio shack for under $ 12 . 00 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( last minute update : """" i ' ve seen my letter and instructions sent by individuals that besides violating copy-right laws , are neither responding to the customer nor providing the original , complete set of plans and instructions . please be advised you are risking your money and patience by ordering from individuals who know nothing regarding this tech / electrical matter """" - - raul mendez ) build your own cable television descrambler with only 7 parts from radio shack for under $ 12 . 00 . required supplies : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 1 - radio shack mini-box ( part # 270-235 ) 1 - watt resistor . 2 . 2k - 2 . 4k ohm ( part # 271-1325 ) 1 - 75pf - 100pf variable capacitor ( special order ) 2 - f61a chassis-type connectors ( part # 278-212 ) 12 """" - no . 12 solid copper wire 12 """" - rg59 coaxial cable tools required : screwdriver & drill . soldering gun & solder ( optional ) . get all the premium movie channels , pay per view and adult entertainment channels for . . . free , free , free ! ! ! now , if i have your attention . . . let me tell you how this fantastic opportunity came about . my name is raul . i live in new york city , new york . i have season tickets to our city s hockey team . i invited a friend of mine to one of the games this last october . he said , """" i d love to go if you can have me back home by 10 : 00 p . m . """" i told him that some games run just past 10 : 00 p . m . and would he mind we stay if the game was close . his response was , """" no , tonight is the mike tyson - evander holyfield boxing match and i have it on pay per view """" i said , """" do you mind if i watch the fight with you """" ? he said , """" sure , no problem """" . so we go watch this great fight on cable pay per view and we are the only two guys at my friends house . after the fight ( since it was so good ) i offered to pay half of the cost for the fight . my friends answer was , """" no , no , that s not necessary . . . i got the fight for free ! """" . i said to him , """" for free , don t those fights cost around $ 40 . 00 a pop ? """" he told me , """" yes , they do , but i bought a cable descrambler box from an acquaintance of mine for $ 300 . 00 """" . he further explained that this """" little black box """" gets all the pay per view events available ! it also tunes in all the premium movie channels and all the adult entertainment channels . my response ( without hesitation ) was , """" i gotta have one ! """" """" $ 300 . 00 , no problem where do i pay ! ! ! """" i m serious , i was excited . lifetime premium movie channels , pay per view and adult entertainment all for a one-time fee of $ 300 . 00 . . . no way ! ! ! """" no way """" was right . the guy that sold my buddy the box was no where to be found . i was really disappointed . it was now time for desperate measures . i begged and pleaded with my friend until he agreed to let me take his box apart piece by piece to see how to make one for myself . luckily it was very easy , if it wasn t simple i knew their was a slight chance it was not going back together so pretty . now the rest is history . . . i ve got my own box which i built with my own two hands . would you like to build one yourself ? ! ? ! if so , would you pay $ 300 . 00 . maybe so , maybe not . probably not , unless you saw one work first . but since that is not possible , i will sell you a complete set of instructions on how to build one yourself for a measly $ 12 . 00 . however , at that price you must also enclose a # 10 self addressed stamped envelope with 55 cents postage affixed . you might ask , is this some type of rip-off scam deal . the answer is no ! everything has specific mechanics of how and why they do what they do . we are just used to flipping a switch or pushing a button or moving the mouse across our computer pads . it all happens because of a certain set of processes . the cable television descrambler is no different . however , for legal purposes i must add to this letter that this offer and set of instructions shall be void where prohibited by law and the assembling of parts necessary to make this """" little jewel """" work is for educational purposes only . to order a set of the instructions send $ 12 . 00 by cash , check or money order payable to : raul mendez enterprises , 50 lexington av suite 209 , new york city , ny 10010 i will mail your order out within 24 hours of receiving it . further , i will give you a refund upon written request if you are unsatisfied for any reason . happy holidays ! ! ! sincerely , raul mendez p . s . : the use of this mini-box if you choose to go on and see if your creation works requires no alteration of your existing cable system . you simply screw it in , right behind your television . p . p . s . : without the instructions it s like figuring out how to set the clock on your vcr . with the instructions , you are guaranteed success .
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 187,""Subject: $ 300 - $ 500 yours to keep
  
  how to increase your monthly income $ 300 - $ 500 immediately ! with """" smart money secrets """" . today 's fastest , easiest way to increase your monthly income ! no extra work , no selling or solicitation required . message - id : hundreds of people just like you are using these secrets and enjoying extra money each month . you do n't spend a single penny ; these secrets can be put in place immediately ! you will see results on your very next check . one secret will show you how to give yourself a tax free raise immediately ! stop letting the irs use money that belongs to you . this one secret will increase your monthly income $ 300 to $ 500 immediately , tax free . ( see p . 9 ) things that your insurance agent won't tell you . report reveals one single move that can save you $ 500 - $ 600 annually on your car insurance . ( see p . 3 ) have you been fooled by your banker ? they ' ll pretend these secrets simply do n't exist . do n't let them """" snow you """" . we show you how to blow their secrecy out of the water and save you hundreds of dollars - dollars you can spend next week . ( see p . 11 ) need legal help ? even the wealthy use free legal help . report reveals where to find free legal help , right in your area . ( see p . 13 ) ways to get money for college - in 1997 alone , almost $ 8 billion in college scholarships and low - cost loans was available , yet 75 % of it was n't claimed . report tells you where the money is and how to apply . ( see p . 16 ) proven strategies you can use to lift yourself back on the high road , beat the debt system and establish a solid financial foundation for your future . ( see p . 18 ) set up your own home base business to cut , slash and save $ 5 , 000 to $ 10 , 000 annually on taxes . ( even if your business shows a loss ) . dollars you can use for vacations , new car , new clothes , house payments , or just family fun ! ( see p . 20 ) attention homeowner - save on your mortgage . . . it pays to check loan for overcharges ; 9 , 000 adjusted rate mortgages checked , errors were found in nearly half . average refund owed to homeowners ; $ 1 , 588 . 00 . report reveals how to get free help ! ( see p . 22 ) you can put these programs in place immediately , increasing your monthly income $ 300 - $ 500 or more , month after month . it 's fast , simple , and easy ! the """" smart money secrets """" shows the steps required to execute these and the many other exciting money saving programs in the report . - 1 - if you want to start receiving extra income now ! you owe it to yourself to take a look at these programs immediately ! this amazing report normally sells for $ 49 . 95 , but if you orfer within the next ten days , you pay the discounted price of only $ 29 . 95 plus $ 3 . 00 for shipping . just for ordering , you will receive : a free bonus report """" what every motorist should know """" . a free special bonus report on """" grants - scholarships - financial aid for the college student """" . both ( valued at over $ 49 ) . yours free . to order : send check , cash or money order for $ 29 . 95 plus $ 3 . 00 for shipping and handling to : ratex corporation 2505 globe avenue dallas , texas 75228-4471 . all orders shipped first class immediately . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + cut here + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + yes , i want to purchase your """" smart money secrets """" for $ 29 . 95 plus $ 3 . 00 shipping and handling ( us dollars ) . with a 30 day money back guarantee . make checks or money order payable to ratex corporation check users : you can fax order form and copy of your check taped at the bottom of this form to ratex corporation . fax to : ( 214 ) 388-3251 24 hours a day . or drop it in the mail to : ratex corporation 2505 globe avenue dallas , texas 75228-4471 . check one : $ 32 . 95 ( ) or $ 39 . 95 ( ) for rush delivery ship to : name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ all orders shipped first class , immediately !
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 188,""Subject: wasteland - the darker side of desire
  
  wasteland - the darker side of desire http : / / 207 . 240 . 121 . 137 / wasteland looking for high quality bdsm and fetish material ? wasteland offers the largest collection on the internet ! cutting edge content includes . . . . - over 30 , 000 thumbnailed photos in such catagories as bondage , cbt , male and female domination , fisting , latex , genital piercing modification , watersports , suspension , abduction and torture play and many others . - hundreds of great quality streaming bdsm and fetish videos in mpg , realaudio , vivo and quicktime formats . - realtime chat and interactive domination and submission features . - a massive collection of informative articles , faq 's and """" how to guides """" covering everything from the art of japanese rope bondage to effective slave training to sane and consensual bdsm and d / s practices . these features , plus hundreds of rare bondage and fetish videos by mail , bdsm commuunity personal ads , realaudio fiction and stories , domina guides , film and club reviews and many other features make wasteland a great place to visit ! featured on bbc television , boston magazine and bdsm magazine , wasteland is updated twice weekly with fresh , original bdsm and fetish content . come visit us today ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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 189,""Subject: you have to see this
  
  i never thought i 'd be the one telling you this : i actually read a piece of e - mail & i ' m going to europe on the proceeds ! hello ! my name is karen liddell ; i ' m a 35 - year-old mom , wife , and part-time = accountant . as a rule , i delete all unsolicited """" junk """" e-mail and use = my account primarily for business . i received what i assumed was this = same e-mail countless times and deleted it each time . about two months ago i received it again and , because of the catchy = subject line , i finally read it . afterwards , i thought , """" ok , i give = in , i ' m going to try this . i can certainly afford to invest $ 20 and , on = the other hand , there 's nothing wrong with creating a little excess = cash . """" i promptly mailed four $ 5 bills and , after receiving the = reports , paid a friend of mine a small fee to send out some e-mail = advertisements for me . after reading the reports , i also learned how = easy it is to bulk e-mail for free ! = 20 i was not prepared for the results . everyday for the last six weeks , my = p . o . box has been overflowing with $ 5 bills ; many days the excess fills = up an extra mail bin and i ' ve had to upgrade to the corporate-size box ! = i am stunned by all the money that keeps rolling in ! i know it 's hard to believe , and there are those who will say it does n't = work , but it does ! my husband and i have been saving for several years to make a = substantial downpayment on a house . now , not only are we purchasing a = house with 40 % down , we ' re going to venice , italy to celebrate ! i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be = prepared to eventually set aside about an hour each day to follow up = ( and count your money ! ) , you will make at least as much money as we did . = you do n't need to be a wiz at the computer , but i ' ll bet you already = are . if you can open an envelope , remove the money , and send an e-mail = message , then you ' re on your way to the bank . take the time to read = this so you ' ll understand how easy it is . i was once a skeptic and if i = can do this , so can you ! the following is a copy of the e-mail i read : $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then read it again ! ! ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you = may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its = ability to generate large amounts of cash . this program is showing = fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population = desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not = require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best = of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go = to the bank ! = 20 this truly is the lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow = the easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams will = come true ! when followed correctly , this multi-level marketing program = works perfectly . . 100 % every time ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , cars , etc . this is your chance , do n't pass it up ! = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary = 20 electronic multi-level marketing program = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - this is how you will reach financial freedom : you will send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to = nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level businesses , you = will increase your business buliding your downline and selling the = products ( reports ) . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new = multi - level business online ( via your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial = reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive via """" snail mail """" = will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they = ordered . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s = it ! the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest multi-level marketing = business anywhere ! = 20 follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o = n s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the = 20 report you ' re ordering , your e-mail address ( important ! ) and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to the = 20 person whose name corresponds to that particular report . = 20 * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save = them on your computer and resell them . save this advertisement now ! * usually within 10 days you will receive , via e-mail , the four = reports . = 20 save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you = to send = 20 to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next = to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other = than is instructed below in steps """" a """" through """" f """" or you will lose out on = the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , = you ' ll = 20 also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this = method = 20 has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , take this advertisement = and = 20 remove the name and address under report # 4 . this person has = 20 made it through the cycle and is no doubt counting their 50 = grand ! c . move the name and address under report # 3 down to report # 4 . = 20 d . move the name and address under report # 2 down to report # 3 . e . move the name and address under report # 1 down to report # 2 . f . insert your name / address in the report # 1 position . please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address accurately ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and = save = 20 it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of = this = 20 letter . use the opening testimonial or write one of your own . if = you do n't save this ad now , it may soon be deleted from your mailbox . = 20 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the worldwide web ! advertising on the web is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . another avenue which you could use for advertising is e-mail lists . try = doing a search on a search engine for """" bulk e-mail """" or """" e-mail service """" = or = 20 """" e-mail lists """" . = 20 = 20 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the = report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service = 20 on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report ( checks not accepted ) - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets = of paper . - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of = the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address - - do n't forget = this ! , and ( c ) your postal address . it is suggested that you rent a = mailbox addressed to an assumed name to avoid your name and home address = being sent to millions of people . for an example , see the """" company """" = names listed below . - do not write anything on the envelope except your return address and = the recipient information . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """" = 20 order report # 1 from : = 20 nei p . o . box 673355 marietta , ga 30067 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """" major corporations and multi-level sales """" order report # 2 from : maricoa 2350 sring rd . # 30 - 194 smyrna , ga . 30080 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """" sources for the best mailing lists """" order report # 3 from : smy p . o . box 673366 marietta , ga 30067 = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """" evaluating multi-level sales plans """" order report # 4 from : ndz assoc . 1579f monroe drive , # 240 atlanta , ga 30324 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . = assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . = ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger = response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only = 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering = results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with = $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals = - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only = recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they = got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! = think about it ! your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can = afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and = e-mail is free ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow = 20 the directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when = 20 the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . = code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which = state = 20 that """" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . """" * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the = 20 instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , = continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you = should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , = continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more = orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already = working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front = of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching = which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more = income , send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! = there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially = the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it = won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof = that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy = money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow = the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . = 20 sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a = cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good = money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving = """" junk mail . """" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the = population and percentages involved . i """" knew """" it would n't work . doris = totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i = made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old """" i told you so """" = on her when the thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within = two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had = received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i = had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i = have joined doris in her """" hobby . """" i did have seven more years until = retirement , but i think of the """" rat race """" and it 's not for me . we owe it = all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system = is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large = amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i = checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return = for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i = received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my = mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided = that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way = that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , = was i surprised when i found my medium-size post office box crammed with = orders ! for awhile , it got so overloaded that i had to start picking up = my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years = of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't = matter where in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better = investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our = jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on = our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if = you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this = golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa order your reports today and get = 20 started on your road to = 20 financial freedom ! ! !
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 190,""Subject: freshest email - addresses - ( for the pro or the newbie )
  
  this is a one time offer ! ! ! ! ! how would you like to build you business at higher level ? """" these lists are clean ! there are no duplicates , no embedded spaces , no trailing or embedded white noise characters , 96 % of them gathered in the last 3 weeks . no garbage addresses with more than one ' @ ' character , no embedded parentheses ' ( ' or ' ) ' , no addresses beginning with non-valid characters ( . . addresses must begin with 0 - 9 or a-z ) """" * * * ( if you happen to order more lists in the future , please send the name of the file containing the e-mail addresses , in that way , you won't get duplicates when re-ordering ! guaranteed ! ) * if you happen to order the complete database , i ' ll include four demo - e - mail blasters software titles available to you sent on a cd rom ( let 's you send up to 120 , 000 messages / hour along with a complete report on tricks of how to use these titles ( mach10 , stealth , direct mail , etc . also , tips on how to avoid your isp being cancelled due to unsolicited mailing ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = here 's a sample of the validity of our aol 's e - mail addresses mrbrown228 @ aol . com mrbrowncan @ aol . com mrbruce432 @ aol . com mrbruce @ aol . com mrbruns @ aol . com mrbrutals @ aol . com mrbrwne408 @ aol . com mrbryguy @ aol . com mrbs1038 @ aol . com mrbsmal @ aol . com mrbtrader @ aol . com mrbubb382 @ aol . com * note that they ' re extracted in the same way the aol user entered it originally . our addresses are 99 % valid and deliverable . they ' re extracted using the latest on database selection / filtering . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = e-mailing which can be sent in minutes or even seconds . computers are the future , even our children are operating them . just about every business you could possibly think of are associated with a computer . even you , otherwise you would not be reading this e-mail . there are over 65 million e-mail addresses through the internet exchange . in order to sell your products , they have to be advertised . and in order for you to buy them , they have to be advertised . you always need customers . what better way to find customers that you need ? through e-mailing . what faster way to send ads , letters and flyers at no postage charge to millions and millions of people ? through e-mailing . facts have proven that people who advertise their business is more likely to succeed than the ones who do not advertise . there are several reasons why you should try my method ; it 's low-cost , it will bring you clients , it will increase your profits , and you never have to take that trip to the post office and wait in line . what more pleasure do you want . you get to use it to your advantage . so use it . this method has helped thousands of businesses , whether it 's a home - base business or a large multi - million dollar corporation . it does not matter . what i have to offer is a 4 million e-mail addresses from all over the country . you can get 300 , 000 e-mail addresses for only $ 15 . 00 which is very reasonable price , and it 's guaranteed . for each additional 300 , 000 e-mail addresses add $ 10 . 00 . you are only spending $ 15 . 00 and believe me it 's worth every penny . this way , i dare you to try them out and see the profits . then you contact me if you want to purchase our whole 4 million addresses database . perhaps you might be wondering how could this person give so many e-mail addresses for so little money . on the other hand , you might be saying that this must be a scam , or they are not current listings . i believe that you must beat your competitors and give your customers 100 % satisfaction . if not , you lose them . i have over 3 million addresses , including yours . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = * order the aol 's complete database / non aol 's or both , and save ! ! the complete 2 million aol 's selected addresses : $ 50 the complete 2 million non - aol addresses : $ 50 both aol 's and non - aol 's databases : $ 90 i have over 5 million addresses , including yours ! ! = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = please send check or money order made payable to : raul mendez 50 lexington av . suite 209 new york , new york 10010 - usa money orders will make your order mailed / emailed the same day we receive it . * if you have any questions please call 212-591 - 2447 ask for raul . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = * please include your name and address so that your order can be returned within 2 - 4 days . if you choose to be e-mail please include your e-mail address . ( same day service ) ( only for $ 15 orders / 300 , 000 addresses . ) * the whole fresh 4 million database is shipped on cd rom , priority mail , along with demos of at least 4 software titles capable to send out your ads at amazing speeds . * * ( if you happen to order more lists in the future , please send the name of the file containing the e-mail addresses , in that way , you won't get duplicates when re-ordering ! guaranteed ! ) product / service to comply with the u . s . postal and lottery laws . title 18 sections 1302 and 1341 specifically states : """" products or services must be exchanged for money recieved . """"
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 191,""Subject: we know you needed this , so . . . .
  
  greetings , this email is about fighting spam , and winning . > > please forward to your friends , family and co-workers to people that want to get spam out of their email : read this , you ' ll like what i am doing . . . . : ) to people that want to flame me for whatever reason : do n't be an egomaniac , i have a right to free speech , and the right to say it to a lot of people , so buzz off . - - - - - first let me tell you who i am and what i do . my name is robert young , i live in moscow , idaho , u . s . a . , and i have been using the internet since 1990 . i have watched the internet go from a small community of serious professionals to a roaring civilization of over 100 million people . until 8 months ago i had been a private investigator specializing in the apprehension of criminal fugitives . after 8 years of doing that i started getting burned out and decided to turn my life long hobby of programming computers into a full time job . now i write specialized applications for investigating and locating information on the internet . this summer , during the last week of july , i finally got fed up with the fact that i could not seem to get my 5 year old email address off of spam lists . i would reply to their emails with the word """" remove """" like most of them say and the next day i would get more . i sent my email address to remove lists , complained to administrators , postmasters , and my friends . none of it seemed to make a bit of difference . i decided to investigate the bulk email business . what i found made me so angry i almost blew a fuse . did you know : 1 . spammers steal valid email addresses and use them for return addresses . you could get the blame ! 2 . spammers purposely deceive filters designed to protect your email address . 3 . spammers """" hijack """" mail servers that are meant to relay messages from computer to computer . when they overload these servers , your legitimate email can be lost ! 4 . congress is not going to pass any laws in the united states anytime in the near future to stop this garbage , and they may never do so . some members of congress have actually campaigned through email . ( does that - really - surprise you ? ) 5 . when spammers register domain names with internic they never pay their bills because they know that the domain will be blocked and useless within 30 days , and interring gives them that long to pay before cutting them off . 6 . some spammers buy lists of accounts from hackers that have broken into internet service providers and use these accounts , that belong to other people , so they can connect to the internet without being concerned about losing the account . again , you get the blame , you lose your account . most of these spammers are genuine , authentic , certified jerks . i decided to get even , i took all of this very personally . within 3 weeks , the spam had dropped to a trickle . now i only get 2 or 3 a week instead of 7 or 8 each day . update : as of 02-oct - 1998 i have not gotten a single spam for 5 days . that 's a fact . i am starting to get comments from people that joined me two weeks ago that have noticed drops in their spam count of as much as 70 % . that is a fact as well . my list of active spammers is over 80 individuals now and it is growing every day . it does n't take government intervention , we all know that our government could n't feed a cat without spending $ 400 on a bag of cat food and starting 8 committees . what it does take is someone with the guts to take action , now ! what did i do ? first i recognized that spammers are not going to just quit , they make too much money doing it . the self righteous """" anti-spammers """" only wipeout mostly innocent business people with poor judgment . they have not put a single spam mailer out of business yet . not a one ! they just pop up with a different domain name , and dialup account the next day . the anti spammers have actually wiped out several potentially successful remove lists . you know why ? they do n't want it to end because then they would n't have a crusade anymore . think i ' m kidding ? i know who the anti-spammers are as well and believe me , their motivations are purely egotistical . in my opinion they have made spam worse by driving it underground and ruining the web based remove lists . try to go to www . remove-list . com , it is n't there anymore . so i am doing it different . human nature matters . . . i used my investigative experience to hunt down the - actual people - that were sending me spam . names , phone numbers , addresses , etc . it was n't easy but i had the background and knowledge to do it . i called each of these people and told them that if they did not immediately cease and desist sending mail to my address that i was going to give their name , address , phone number and anything else i had on them to every service provider in the country . that i would publish their information on the internet via the web , and that i would give their information to every ( legitimate ) anti - spam group i could find . i was polite and adult about the issue but i made it very clear that i was dead serious . nothing else has worked . people have been trying to get rid of spam for several years with no success . this method works ! ! ! if i told you i could do the same thing for you would you be interested ? i thought so . here is what you need to do : first : start your text editor ( notepad , vi , whatever ) second : type the following information and print it . first name last name primary email address ( remember your email may have two forms such as : joe @ isp . com and joe @ mail . isp . com . include both , contact your isp if you are n't sure ) family member ' s addresses ( one per line please ! ) third : mail this information to me : robert young attn : no more spam please ! ! ! c / o super fast services 116 e . 3rd . st . suite 206 moscow , id 83843 we need donations to support this fight . i started out doing this for friends and family , then their friends and family , and now it is starting to cost us a lot of money . please include a donation of five dollars either a five dollar bill , or a check made out to me . we are hoping that there are enough decent people out there that appreciate what we are doing and will pitch in a few bucks to help us pay for the phone calls , computer time , database searches , and hiring people to do the data entry for the 600 plus letters we are getting every day . p l e a s e h e l p ! i guarantee you will think it is the best five bucks you have ever spent if you are sick of spam . thanks for taking the time to reply to this letter , i hope to hear from you soon . working together we can defeat unwanted spam for good .
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 192,""Subject: news and tv on your pc
  
  hi - i thought you might be interested in silicon http : / / www . silicon . com - it 's the best service i ' ve seen for it news and information . what 's really unique about it is that it has information that 's really relevant to my job and very good quality tv news and interviews . you should be able to check out the latest news by going to the inbox http : / / www . silicon . com / bin / bladerunner ? 30reqevent , + reqauth , 21046 what 's more there 's a chance of winning a sony dvd player ever week in october - all you have to do is register and use the service .
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 193,""Subject: secret hardcore sex site . . .
  
  click here now to check it out ! http : / / www . pornocity . net / secret this is more than just hardcore sex . . . . . you will have unlimited access 24 hours a day to the most extensive collection of 5 live teen sex shows , 10 , 000 xxx movies , brand new xxx audio stories , anal sex , exclusive amateur . . . lesbian . . . gay . . . and 30 other categories of photo galleries . there are no per minute charges for anything ! you can even watch the videos of pamela lee and tommy lee doing the nasty ! ! ! shhhhhhh . . . . this site is not publicly advertised due to the explicit content ! click here now to enter http : / / www . pornocity . net / secret
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 194,""Subject: income tax electronic filing & fast refunds business opportunity
  
  / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / we mean no spam . this message is being sent to business oriented individuals who have shown interest in receiving information about how to capitalize on their computers . if you think that you are receiving this message by mistake , please kindly accept our apologies , and simply click on the remove _ from _ tax @ hotmail . com link . and your address will be removed from our future mailings . no message or subject necessary . just click on the link remove _ from _ tax @ hotmail . com , and pass the command to send . or read on to learn how you can set up and successfully operate your own income tax electronic filing & rapid refund business with $ 199 . 00 . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / tremendous opportunities in the income tax electronic filing and the fast refunds industry . everything you need to start and successfully operate your own electronic filing & rapid refunds business . tax preparation experience not necessary . intelligent software will take care of lack of experience . excellent add-on opportunity for service businesses such as travel agencies , auto insurance offices , clerical service bureaus , check cash & money transfer , car dealer . . . just think about any service business where there is room for a computer , and a wish for business expansion . and you ' re on . at the same time , it 's an ideal self-starter take-off opportunity for the individual computer users , desirous to capitalize on their computer , honestly and in a legitimate enterprise . that was actually the main reason why the eldatapronet efiler partner program ( eepp ) has been developed . if you are 21 or + of age , and ready to cash in the income tax industry , we will teach you how to become an irs authorized efiler . and as soon as you are approved as a new electronic filer and register with the eepp program , you will be able to electronically file your clients income tax returns , and print refunds checks right in the convenience of your home or office , as we said with no tax experience . we are so sure about the success of your fast refunds enterprise , and since our own success depends on yours , we are ready to pay you to subscribe to the eepp program . it 's a secret for nobody that h & r block and jackson hewitt have dominated the electronic filing & fast refunds industry during the last decade . what you might not be aware of , is that those companies only work 13 weeks a year , and they have cumulated billions of dollar profits , from the date the irs has inaugurated the electronic filing program in 1986 to the present days when the irs wants to ease the way for new electronic filers . h & r block franchise is sold out . but if you qualify , you can still buy a jackson hewitt 's franchise for a one time $ 20 , 000 . 00 franchise fee , plus a 6 % of your annual gross profit for national advertisement , and 12 % royaltee fee . it is not too high a price to pay for the service they offer . but we give the same service for free . the only thing you will have to buy is the eepp software package , that includes the tax preparation module that virtually everybody familiar with a keyboard can use the very first day to prepare any 1040 income tax ; the bank software that come with a solid database to help you manage your clientele and your fees , and the check writing module that allows you to download check files from the bank and print reatime refunds checks to your clients ; the eepp communication module that makes the transmission of your clients ' return information to the irs as easy as pressing a button ; and finally the eepp windows interface that seamlessly integrates all those valuable goodies in one piece of software . all this for only $ 596 . 00 . no royalty fee to pay , no adversing fee . all the profits are yours to keep . but we still think that an initial investment of $ 596 . 00 in a business you do n't know about may constitute a string significant enough to hold you back . so , to facilitate the entry to new subscribers we pay up to $ 397 . 00 off your first year eepp software package . leaving you with an initial investment of $ 199 . 00 . we are some kind of millionaires who are just giving money away , nor are we going to pretend that we are in this just to help you . no . we are in it just like you to make money . and we make money only when you make money . all the details you might need to understand how the electronic filing program and the eepp offer work are posted on the eepp web site . all the forms and applications you need to sign up , and make payment for subscription fee over the internet are also available on line . but , you will agree with me , if that site was advertised on the giant search engines , the information it contains would not be so valuable because the information it contains would become public domain . your prospective clients could access the same information that makes your business worth what it 's worth . if time is money , business is information . and that is why we give access to the eepp site to people who really mean to be in business . for the web address , and your partner id number ( pidn ) , just reply to this message ( by clicking on the reply to the author icon , if you are using microsoft internet explorer ) , or direct your inquiry and questions to tax _ biz _ 4 _ u @ hotmail . com , call in your inquiry at ( 407 ) 895-2306 . but why pay a phone call when it 's free to email ? do n't wait any longer . some of the discounts are available in limited quantity only .
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 195,""Subject: cute karen gives free shocking sex ! !
  
  think there 's nothing new on the internet ? think you ' ve seen it all ? ? nope ! ! you ' ve never seen anything like this before ! watch my incredible hidden toilet cams ( inside the bowl looking up and from above looking down - you pick what you want to see ) ! ! ! you will be shocked and more than slightly sexually aroused - i guarantee it ! watch beautiful nude young women going to the bathroom , taking showers , trying on clothes , and more - without them knowing you are watching ! ! if you are adult , simply go to : http : / / 206 . 25 . 35 . 180 / adult / take a peek for free ! ! but that 's not all ! ! you also get 20 live nude shows of the world 's most beautiful naughty nude strippers and outrageous porn stars , 8 , 000 hardcore red-hot video streams , 50 , 000 steamy pictures , online raunchy men 's sex magazines , and as a bonus , you get free online chat with me - karen ( trust me , i give great sex chat ! ! ) - unlimited dirty chat with me online at no extra charge whatsoever ! ! wow ! ! wanna see what i look like ? my picture is here : http : / / 206 . 25 . 35 . 180 / adult / you ' ll be glad you came ! ! in pleasure , cute karen http : / / 206 . 25 . 35 . 180 / adult /
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 196,""Subject: win a porsche and politically empower internet users ( 293 )
  
  if there was a way for you to win a 1999 porsche carrera and help a non-profit organization politically empower internet users , would you like to obtain all of the facts ? to find out how to win the porsche , see the site below or click on it . http : / / nonprofit2 . org / raffle / howtowin . htm * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 38105
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 197,""Subject: move over bill gates ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
  
  subject : move over bill gates ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then read it again ! ! ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its ability to generate large amounts of cash . this program is showing fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go to the bank ! this truly is that lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow the easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams will come true ! when followed correctly , this electronic , multi-level marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , cars , etc . , - even retire ! this is your chance , so do n't pass it up ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary electronic multi-level marketing program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - basically , this is what we do : we send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level businesses , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new multi-level business online ( via your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive via """" snail mail """" will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they ordered . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s it ! the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest electronic multi-level marketing business anywhere ! follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if you do n't order them ) . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose name appears on the list next to the report . * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save them on your computer and resell them . * within a few days you will receive , via e-mail , each of the four reports . save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in steps """" a """" through """" d """" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , replace the name and address under report # 1 with your name and address , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . c . move the name and address that was under report # 2 down to report # 3 . d . move the name and address that was under report # 3 down to report # 4 . e . the name and address that was under report # 4 is removed from the list and has no doubt collected their 50 grand . please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address accurately ! ! ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this letter . 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the worldwide web ! advertising on the web is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * see bottom of this advertisement for special bulk e-mail rates just for responding to this ad . . . . . . . be sure to start your ad campaign immediately ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report - always send your order via first class mail - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets of paper - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and ( c ) your postal address . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """" order report # 1 from : krl enterprises 5765 - f burke centre pkwy suite 362 burke , va 22015-2233 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """" major corporations and multi-level sales """" order report # 2 from : mas po box 0814 frederick , md 21705-0814 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """" sources for the best mailing lists """" order report # 3 from : gregory marketing po box 660037 dept # g1 utopia station , ny 11366-0037 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """" evaluating multi-level sales plans """" order report # 4 from : hubbard house 103 hubbard road dept # h1 berwick , me 03901-2302 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think about it ! your cost to participate is practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 3 shows you the most productive methods for bulk e-mailing and purchasing e-mail lists . some list & bulk e-mail vendors even work on trade ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * reminder : see bottom of this ad for special bulk e-mail rates ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which state that """" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . """" * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! note : if you need help with starting a business , registering a business name , how income tax is handled , etc . , contact your local office of the small business administration ( a federal agency ) for free help and answers to questions . also , the internal revenue service offers free help via telephone and free seminars about business taxes . * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving """" junk mail . """" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population and percentages involved . i """" knew """" it would n't work . doris totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old """" i told you so """" on her when the thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i have joined doris in her """" hobby . """" i did have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the """" rat race """" and it 's not for me . we owe it all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md i just want to pass along my best wishes and encouragement to you . any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . i even checked with the u . s . post office to verify that the plan was legal . it definitely is ! it works ! ! ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i surprised when i found my medium-size post office box crammed with orders ! for awhile , it got so over - loaded that i had to start picking up my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't matter where in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to contact to get another copy , so i had to wait until i was e-mailed another program . . . 11 months passed then it came . . . i did n't delete this one ! . . . i made more than $ 41 , 000 on the first try ! ! d . wilburn , muncie , in this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * for a limited time only . . . . order your reports and take advantage of the following discounted bulk mailing rates if you mention that you are associated with """" krl enterprises """" e - mail your offer to 50 , 000 fresh e-mail addresses for only $ 49 . 00 ! e - mail your offer to 100 , 000 fresh e-mail addresses for only $ 69 . 00 ! or if you want to really make money . . . . . e - mail your offer to 500 , 000 fresh e-mail addresses for just $ 200 . 00 ! call 1-423 - 625-8787 and ask for ron anytime 5 days a week ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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 198,""Subject: adult ad - viva la revolution
  
  viva la revolution ! ! ! ! ! ! forget gorditas , go for the gash ! viva la revolution ! ! ! ! thrust your self into the sexual revolution and cum out hard ! ! ! fight the resistance and fight for your right to have free sex ! ! ! ! join beautiful women in thier natural sexual independence ! ! ! drop your pants my fellow perverts , and stick your dick out for freedom ! ! !
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 199,""Subject: re : urgent buy recommendation
  
  pdc innovative industries p d c i 1 / 4 ( $ . 25 / share ) the highly respected medical technology stock report of cupertino , ca has rated p d c i a """" strong buy """" with an initial price objective of $ 2 . 25 / share . p d c i has announced priority production of their proprietary hypo - sterile 2000 which renders medical contaminants harmless . the report indicates """" almost limitless demand in the market place for this revolutionary stand-alone medical device """" . for more information on p d c i go to : http : / / quote . yahoo . com / jfjg
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 200,""Subject: extra holiday $ $ $ $ $
  
  i never thought i 'd be the one telling you this : i actually read a piece of e - mail & i ' m going to europe on the proceeds ! hello ! my name is karen liddell ; i ' m a 35 - year-old mom , wife , and part-time = accountant . as a rule , i delete all unsolicited """" junk """" e-mail and use = my account primarily for business . i received what i assumed was this = same e-mail countless times and deleted it each time . about two months ago i received it again and , because of the catchy = subject line , i finally read it . afterwards , i thought , """" ok , i give = in , i ' m going to try this . i can certainly afford to invest $ 20 and , on = the other hand , there 's nothing wrong with creating a little excess = cash . """" i promptly mailed four $ 5 bills and , after receiving the = reports , paid a friend of mine a small fee to send out some e-mail = advertisements for me . after reading the reports , i also learned how = easy it is to bulk e-mail for free ! = 20 i was not prepared for the results . everyday for the last six weeks , my = p . o . box has been overflowing with $ 5 bills ; many days the excess fills = up an extra mail bin and i ' ve had to upgrade to the corporate-size box ! = i am stunned by all the money that keeps rolling in ! i know it 's hard to believe , and there are those who will say it does n't = work , but it does ! my husband and i have been saving for several years to make a = substantial downpayment on a house . now , not only are we purchasing a = house with 40 % down , we ' re going to venice , italy to celebrate ! i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be = prepared to eventually set aside about an hour each day to follow up = ( and count your money ! ) , you will make at least as much money as we did . = you do n't need to be a wiz at the computer , but i ' ll bet you already = are . if you can open an envelope , remove the money , and send an e-mail = message , then you ' re on your way to the bank . take the time to read = this so you ' ll understand how easy it is . i was once a skeptic and if i = can do this , so can you ! the following is a copy of the e-mail i read : $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then read it again ! ! ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you = may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its = ability to generate large amounts of cash . this program is showing = fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population = desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not = require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best = of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go = to the bank ! = 20 this truly is the lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow = the easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams will = come true ! when followed correctly , this multi-level marketing program = works perfectly . . 100 % every time ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , cars , etc . this is your chance , do n't pass it up ! = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary = 20 electronic multi-level marketing program = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - this is how you will reach financial freedom : you will send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to = nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level businesses , you = will increase your business buliding your downline and selling the = products ( reports ) . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new = multi - level business online ( via your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial = reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive via """" snail mail """" = will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they = ordered . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s = it ! the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest multi-level marketing = business anywhere ! = 20 follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o = n s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the = 20 report you ' re ordering , your e-mail address ( important ! ) and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to the = 20 person whose name corresponds to that particular report . = 20 * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save = them on your computer and resell them . save this advertisement now ! * usually within 10 days you will receive , via e-mail , the four = reports . = 20 save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you = to send = 20 to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next = to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other = than is instructed below in steps """" a """" through """" f """" or you will lose out on = the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , = you ' ll = 20 also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this = method = 20 has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , take this advertisement = and = 20 remove the name and address under report # 4 . this person has = 20 made it through the cycle and is no doubt counting their 50 = grand ! c . move the name and address under report # 3 down to report # 4 . = 20 d . move the name and address under report # 2 down to report # 3 . e . move the name and address under report # 1 down to report # 2 . f . insert your name / address in the report # 1 position . please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address accurately ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and = save = 20 it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of = this = 20 letter . use the opening testimonial or write one of your own . if = you do n't save this ad now , it may soon be deleted from your mailbox . = 20 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the worldwide web ! advertising on the web is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . another avenue which you could use for advertising is e-mail lists . try = doing a search on a search engine for """" bulk e-mail """" or """" e-mail service """" = or = 20 """" e-mail lists """" . = 20 = 20 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the = report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service = 20 on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report ( checks not accepted ) - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets = of paper . - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of = the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address - - do n't forget = this ! , and ( c ) your postal address . it is suggested that you rent a = mailbox addressed to an assumed name to avoid your name and home address = being sent to millions of people . for an example , see the """" company """" = names listed below . - do not write anything on the envelope except your return address and = the recipient information . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """" = 20 order report # 1 from : = 20 nei p . o . box 673355 marietta , ga 30067 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """" major corporations and multi-level sales """" order report # 2 from : maricoa 2350 sring rd . # 30 - 194 smyrna , ga . 30080 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """" sources for the best mailing lists """" order report # 3 from : smy p . o . box 673366 marietta , ga 30067 = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """" evaluating multi-level sales plans """" order report # 4 from : ndz assoc . 1579f monroe drive , # 240 atlanta , ga 30324 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . = assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . = ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger = response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only = 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering = results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with = $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals = - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only = recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they = got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! = think about it ! your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can = afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and = e-mail is free ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow = 20 the directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when = 20 the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . = code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which = state = 20 that """" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . """" * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the = 20 instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , = continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you = should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , = continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more = orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already = working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front = of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching = which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more = income , send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! = there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially = the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it = won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof = that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy = money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow = the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . = 20 sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a = cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good = money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving = """" junk mail . """" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the = population and percentages involved . i """" knew """" it would n't work . doris = totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i = made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old """" i told you so """" = on her when the thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within = two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had = received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i = had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i = have joined doris in her """" hobby . """" i did have seven more years until = retirement , but i think of the """" rat race """" and it 's not for me . we owe it = all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system = is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large = amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i = checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return = for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i = received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my = mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided = that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way = that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , = was i surprised when i found my medium-size post office box crammed with = orders ! for awhile , it got so overloaded that i had to start picking up = my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years = of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't = matter where in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better = investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our = jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on = our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if = you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this = golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa order your reports today and get = 20 started on your road to = 20 financial freedom ! ! !
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 201,""Subject: premium adult content
  
  looking for high quality adult content at the right price ? then check out xxx by scarlett - 15 image cd 's and 3 video clip cd 's * hardcore * softcore * asian hardcore * transsexual hardcore * english roses ( 18-21 yrs ) * extreme euro hardcore * gay * amateur check out our quality , the amazing prices and with new content coming out every month you ' ll easily see why xxx by scarlett is the number one adult content provider . thank you for your time . scarlett
 "",1
 202,""Subject: this is new at capital fm
  
  do n't want to receive these e-mails ? click the following link to remove your address from our mailing list : http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - velvet goldmine - glam 's back in ewan mcgregor 's new movie . - music news and releases - all the latest straight to your screen . - kele le roc - tomorrow 's british r&b superstar . - fantasy record label - take your favourite bands to the top . - online music shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . - sportstime - live action and big games . + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - - velvet goldmine - glam 's back in ewan mcgregor 's new movie . the scottish star heads back to the glittering days of glam rock in this wild new film with a stunning soundtrack . we ' re bringing a taste of the sparkling decade to your screens with clips of the movie and loads of ' velvet goldmine ' prizes at : http : / / capitalfm . com - music news and releases - all the latest straight to your screen . if you ' re looking for the hottest news and the latest releases , you know where to come . capitalfm . com is the only place for breaking news , tour dates , gossip , and all the releases as they hit the street . stay in touch with : http : / / capitalfm . com - kele le roc - tomorrow 's british r&b superstar . british r&b is showing strong against the american flavour , and kele le roc is hotly tipped to be at the forefront . we ' ll be talking to tomorrow 's superstar as her stunning single ' little bit of lovin ' ' is released , at : http : / / capitalfm . com - fantasy record label - take your favourite bands to the top . the ultimate music game has been running for a couple of weeks , but it 's never too late to take part and become a success in the music biz . pick the bands who can take you to the top of the charts and win you some amazing prizes at : http : / / capitalfm . com - shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . our new music shop is going down a storm , and if you have n't checked out how easy it is to buy the latest and greatest music , do n't hesitate ! everything is done from your desktop and the next thing you know your favourite music is in your mailbox . and we ' re always here to help should you have any questions . for a new music buying experience come to : http : / / capitalfm . com - sportstime - live action and big games . this saturday we ' ll be focusing on the premiership with live coverage of arsenal v southampton , two clubs at opposite ends of the top flight . . . the gunnners are back in europe next week , as we bring you live action from wembley in the champions ' league . . . the following sunday you can hear live commentary of blackburn v arsenal with jonathan pearce , the voice of football . . . plus previews , reports and goals from all the top games around the country as well as a chance to chat with wimbledon star robbie earle over the web . all this at : http : / / capitalfm . com + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - advertisement want to save money on your favourite cds ? stupid question ! at cd paradise we ' ve got exclusive offers on the latest albums for readers of this e-mail . robbie williams . . . beatiful south . . . placebo . . . and loads more ! do n't miss out on the money-saving prices at : http : / / www . cdparadise . com / capitalfm + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - advertisement this is the place to go if you ' re looking for more capital ! if you ' re looking for a low cost loan that you can apply for online , from a responsible company , go to this link http : / / www . eloan . co . uk whether it 's for a new or used car , something for the home or a holiday , eloan is a new internet unsecured loan which let 's you borrow from seven hundred and fifty pounds to ten thousand pounds at just 11 . 9 % apr fixed . with a fixed interest rate , eloan allows you to plan ahead with confidence , keeping your monthly repayments the same , regardless of interest rates generally . for instance , if you wanted to borrow four thousand pounds over thirty six months without insurance cover at an apr of 11 . 9 % fixed , your monthly repayment would be one hundred and thirty one pounds sixty seven pence , with a total repayment of four thousand , seven hundred and forty pounds , twelve pence . so whatever you ' re after , visit this link and checkout the real-time loan calculator you can choose a loan amount , repayment term and insurance option to suit your needs and apply online . http : / / www . eloan . co . uk eloan is a trading style of black horse finance limited , a subsidiary of the lloyds tsb group . written quotations are available on request . black horse finance limited ( usl ) , freepost , bournemouth bh8 8br . + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + -
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 203,""Subject: skytop sales - - save over $ 100 on a digital camera !
  
  if you ' ve been searching for a high-resolution , feature-laden digital camera that produces images with incredible levels of detail and color depth , and which has a price tag that won't break the bank , well , you ' ve probably wondered if such an unlikely animal exists . . . it does . and skytop sales has it . http : / / 207 . 13 . 239 . 101 / cgi-bin / rtr ? 91byvpm1scp9pdbo3lc0hxy5klcz3c announcing the svmini - 209 from sound vision - - a digital camera that utilizes the latest technology to deliver ultrahigh-quality images ( 2000x1600 pixels ! ) at an affordable price . never heard of sound vision ? you probably know their products . sound vision is a camera manufacturer . their customers , in most cases , are large companies who brand the cameras sound vision makes and resell them as their own . one such company , for example , is selling a sound vision camera under its own very well-known label ; that camera retails for $ 479 . ( or more . the middlemen have to make their dough , of course . ) that same camera under the original manufacturer ' s label is called the sound vision svmini - 209 . through skytop sales , it 's only $ 349 . by sacrificing the big label and eliminating the middlemen , you save eighty bucks on the identical unit . and to sweeten the deal even further , we ' ll include $ 125 worth of memory enhancements at no additional cost . to have a look at the svmini - 209 , please visit our web site by following the link below . ( and bear in mind that you ' ve probably already seen this camera , if you ' ve been doing any comparison shopping . it just had a different name , and cost more . ) http : / / 207 . 13 . 239 . 101 / cgi-bin / rtr ? 91byvpm1scp9pdbo3lc0hxy5klcz3c the most camera your money can buy . . . sound vision uses new cmos sensor technology at the heart of its svmini - 209 to deliver greatly increased resolution at a lower cost . in fact , sound vision 's cameras were the first on the market to use cmos sensors instead of the traditional ccd sensors used in other digital cameras . the benefits of cmos technology : - higher resolution - - the svmini - 209 captures huge 3 . 2 megapixel images ( that 's 2000x1600 pixels ! ) - lower cost than ccds - - get more camera for the dollar - lower power draw - - dramatically increased battery life knock-out images and accompanying sound can be stored either in camera internal memory or on removable flash memory cards , both linear and sandisk . level - selectable jpeg compression allows you to find the right balance of image quality and memory economy . ( the module which allows the svmini - 209 to use sandisk cards , called the minidisk option , normally is a separate purchase . like we said : we ' re throwing it in for free . that , and a free 2 mb sandisk card - - a combined value of $ 125 ! ) taking great photos with the svmini - 209 is effortless . in addition to the red , green , and blue color receptors common to other digital cameras , the svmini - 209 features a fourth receptor for teal , which dramatically increases possible color depth ( and , in fact , more closely mimics the capabilities of the human retina ) . a sophisticated auto-exposure algorithm prevents the over-saturation of highlights while still preserving shadow detail . an automatic electronic flash guarantees that your shots will be lit to perfection , every time . the experts know . . . byte magazine reviewed the svmini - 209 in its november ' 97 issue , and gave the camera the highest rating , five stars . byte says , """" . . . it delivers ultra-high quality digital images at a relatively bargain price . """" ( the bargain price they ' re talking about is $ 479 . we ' re offering $ 100 + savings over the bargain price . ) to learn more about this outstanding camera , and for a comprehensive discussion of its features , ( and to order ! ) follow the link below : http : / / 207 . 13 . 239 . 101 / cgi-bin / rtr ? 91byvpm1scp9pdbo3lc0hxy5klcz3c prices for digital cameras span the spectrum . compare its features and benefits with other cameras , and you ' ll find that the svmini - 209 is way more camera for way less cost . compare its features and benefits with the same camera under a popular brand name , and you ' ll find that the svmini - 209 is the identical camera for waaay less cost . thanks for your time ! your friends at skytop sales p . s . digital images have so many fantastic applications : spice up a business proposal or presentation , design a dazzling web site , email photos to friends and family all over the world , create your own photo art using one of the popular graphics programs on the market . the possibilities are endless . . . and with the ultrahigh-quality images of the svmini - 209 in hand , you ' re limited only by your imagination . p . p . s . our agreement with soundvision allows us to sell the svmini - 209 for $ 349 for a limited time only . please act quickly . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - this mailing is intended to be of interest to a large audience and to communicate a valuable offer . if you have no interest in this offer , be advised that other valuable promotions will be featured in future mailings which may be of interest to you . however , if you have no desire to receive offers of value from us in the future , please click the link below to remove yourself from our mailing list . http : / / 207 . 13 . 239 . 101 / cgi-bin / rem ? vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx copyright 1998 , skytop sales . the information contained in this email message may not be published , broadcast , rewritten , or otherwise distributed without the express written consent of skytop sales .
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 204,""Subject: fast delivery
  
  subliminally entice any woman to be yours ! guaranteed . we know you may be skeptical , but if you ' re not totally satisfied with your sex life and who you ' re dating you owe it to yourself to visit our web site ( your choice of english or espanol ) at http : / / 208 . 166 . 10 . 22 / and learn how the power of subliminal mind control can change your life . it is simply a fact that sexual impulses can be awakened and greatly intensified by using subliminal commands . we guarantee it ! but , most subliminal enticement tapes do n't work . confused ? take 1 minute , go to http : / / 208 . 166 . 10 . 22 / and read the section entitled """" the number 1 reason our tapes work and theirs don ' t ! """" to find out why . if nothing else , you ' ll get a good laugh at how downright silly some other tapes are . everything ( and we mean everything ! ) to gain and nothing to lose ! we ' re so sure that our tapes work that every one comes with a 100 % money back guarantee ! now that you know about the hottest tapes on the internet , you have no excuse not to be successful with any woman you choose . if you do n't get the facts , you are cheating yourself out of happiness , romance , great sex and the time of your life ! click here http : / / 208 . 166 . 10 . 22 / millennium creations , llc 520 washington blvd . , suite 287 marina del rey , ca . 90292 310-281 - 6737 to be remove from future mailings , reply to : remove @ inside2000 . com with remove in the subject . please understand that our system has filters and any files larger than 2k , foul language , multiple emails , graphics , and / or attachments within the email or it 's headers will automatically delete your email without removal from our database . only the email address in the from : will be deleted , if you have more than one address , please email us using the email from any account . make sure the email address is the same address we used to send the message or it will not be deleted from our database . you must reply with remove in the subject line , in order to be removed . the contents of the message are never read . thank you .
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 205,""Subject: mistress shaved invites you to a free fetish party
  
  mistress shaved invites you to a free fetish party mistress shaved welcomes you to her world of ultimate satisfaction ! cum for free and see why everyone is talking about her ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! free membership the fetish club has all your fetish needs . bondage , watersports , fisting , anal sex , female domination , golden showers , transvestites , and lots lots more ! mistress shaved is waiting for all you fetish freaks to cum see the bondage , female domination , bdsm , lesbians , watersports , live sex , fisting , anal sex pix she has for you ! hand picked high quality fetish pictures for you . join now and receive instant access to thousands of bondage pictures , bdsm pictures and lots of anal sex , fisting , golden showers and a new upskirt with high heel section . she will satisfy all your fetish needs and wants . chat with her and members in the fetish chat room . tell her all your bondage stories . transvestites and lesbians welcome . visit her live sex and anal sex picture sections . check out the 4 , 000 hardcore erotic sex stories and 10 , 000 movies .
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 206,""Subject: re : urgent buy alert !
  
  company : mark i industries symbol : m k i i ( mkii ) price : 3 / 8 ( $ . 375 / share ) m k i i has announced an affiliation with one of their subsidiaries and at&t . management projects a $ 100 million revenue goal at their current rate of growth with """" the company 's stock to trade in the $ 4 range """" . m k i i is rated an immediate and """" strong buy """" . for more information on m k i i go to : http : / / quote . yahoo . com .
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 207,""Subject: eureka
  
  hey , check this . everythig at this site is free , and it 's actually stuff you use everyday ! coupons for food , dining , you name it . click this link and get a great gift just for taking a minute to """" see for youself """" http : / / ftw . nu go ahead , click it
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 208,""Subject: secret hardcore sex site . . .
  
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 209,""Subject: free credit - 60852
  
  if you have bad credit this message could change your life ! if you do not have bad credit , no need to send us a message to remove you from our mailing list , for this offer will only be sent once , so if you are not interested , just delete . we are providing a compiled list of 14 banks , including names , addresses and phone # 's , who offer unsecured visa and mastercards - meaning no security deposit ! for those with bad credit . we also have 6 phone # 's and 2 addresses of businesses who offer signature , business , and personal loans by mail , with absolutely no collateral ! no co-signers ! these loans range from as little as $ 500 to $ 25 , 000 for signature and personal loans and $ 5 , 000 to $ 1 , 000 , 000 for business loans . they are structured at competitive rates with flexible repayment schedules designed for people with bad credit . in addition , we also have 3 phone # 's for bad credit auto financing , a list of 20 banks who offer low interest , low deposit , secured cards and 7 merchant phone # 's for those with no credit , bad credit , or even bankruptcy . and if that was n't enough , a list of 7 merchants who offer computers to people with bankruptcy or no credit with no money down . last but not least , we ' ll include testimonials from those who have had success stories matched with the appropriate lending institutions . this free bonus information is all contained within our """" clean up your credit manual """" . our manual is a complete step by step instruction on how to correct your credit , just like the professionals do , only we save you hundreds of dollars to do it . our manual will help you restore your credit so that you may once again finance a home , buy a car , or go on that vacation you ' ve always dreamed about . our manual can be purchased for $ 15 . 00 ( $ 1 . 00 of which will be donated to cancer / aids foundations ) . the manual will be sent through e-mail for this amount . ( similiar lists and credit card searches currently run for $ 49 to $ 300 for only a third of the information we have which does n't even mention how to clean up your credit - this information will cost you at least $ 1000 if done by a professional ) if the manual must be sent by regular mail , fax , or check by fax , check by telephone , the cost is $ 20 . 00 because of the additional expense . we are delivering this information cheaply because we were once in your shoes and know how you feel - unfortunately , we must provide for our families therefore , we must exchange this information for money . someday we hope to offer it for nothing . be sure to indicate how you would like to receive your information - email address , fax number , home address , etc . . . . . if you are in a rush for the information and have a checking account please notify us by phone with your name , address and phone # to 1-412 - 886-1151 and we can take your information over the phone or by fax , thereby releasing our credit manual to you instantly via email . please forward these requests on to 1 - 412-886 - 1151 this department processes these requests only ! remember this methods will be an extra $ 5 . 00 because of the additional cost the bank charges us to process this method . we at ekel link have distributive rights with all companies listed in our manual , meaning we have the right to give out their phone # ' s and addresses . therefore , we have permission to publish them as """" bonus information """" in our """" clean up your credit manual """" . unless you acquire the same rights we suggest you think twice about selling this information for a profit or giving it away . those currently selling the information without such permission will be notified shortly of their fatal mistake ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - summary information please send cash , check or money order to information below . payable to : ekel link send to : ekel link rr # 2 suite 614 - a ruffsdale , pa 15679 . pay review : $ 15 . 00 advance purchase ( meaning you send us the money first i . e . cash , check or money order ) then we will e-mail the manual to you . do n't forget to give us your email address ! $ 20 . 00 advance purchase ( meaning we accept your checking account information by fax or by phone ) then we email you our manual . you must contact us at 1-412 - 886-1151 to do this ! $ 20 . 00 advance purchase ( meaning you send the money first ) then we fax or send you the manual . do n't forget to give us your mailing address or fax phone # ! $ 25 . 00 advance purchase ( meaning we accept your checking account information by fax or phone , call 1 - 412-886 - 1151 ) then we fax or send your our manual through postal mail . void where not legal by law . we are not professional financial consultants . we are not a credit institution or loan service . therefore , we can not offer a loan or a line of credit to you . what you are paying us for is a manual which describes our method of success on cleaning up our credit files . all attempts to clean up credit may vary depending on the efforts and circumstances of each individual . all banks and loan by mail services are responsible and completely liable for their own personal guarantees , we are not . if you decide to do business with any of the listed banks or loan institutions by mail , you agree to forward all questions pertaining to their services to them and not to us . we can and will only answer questions pertaining to the manual which descibes our own personal credit cleaning successes . all other info considered """" bonus information """" we are not liable for . we are disclosing these statement of claims because of the overwhelming response to answer questions which we have no knowledge or authority to answer . the choice to order is yours - all we know is the information helped us . if you have bad credit and you are looking for an easy route to scam someone else out of money , such as a bank or loan who does you a favor - please do not order from us - we are commited to helping people - not enouraging people to make bad situations worse . any knowledge of such suspicions or information relating to scams will be reported immediately . so if you have had a bad experience on the internet - let us know ! we are pro-actively trying to eliminate such commerce on the internet . in fact , tell us your story , we have just added a new section to our manual called , """" never be scammed again """" , with the people 's permission , we are including personal stories of bad experiences or """" scams """" they ' ve had on the internet . so even if you do n't purchase , at least give us your story to help stop such businesses on the internet and protect the consumer . we will answer as many questions as we can , so do n't hesitate to keep in touch . any suggestions or updated information is appreciated and will be rewarded . ( rewards warranted and merited at our discretion ) as we have stated before , this is a one time offer and will only be emailed to you once ! so order now ! $ 15 could change your life drastically as it has ours . thanks for visiting - hope to talk to you soon . good luck and god bless you and your family . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ekel link rr # 2 suite 614 - a ruffsdale , pa 15679 united states 1-412 - 886-1151 p . s . sorry our return email address probably is out of commission because so many rich business men complained about our message and don ' t like to see the small business man help the needy ! therefore , you must either write us or call the number above . thanks again and take care !
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 210,""Subject: get money stuffing envelopes
  
  dear future associate , you can work at home & set your own hours . start earning big money in a short time no newspaper advertising ! your job will be to stuff and mail envelopes for our company . you will receive $ 2 . 00 for each and every envelope you stuff and mail out . just follow our simple instructions and you will be making money as easy as 1 2 3 for example stuff and mail 200 envelopes and you will receive $ 400 . 00 . stuff and mail 400 and you will receive $ 800 . 00 . stuff and mail 500 and you will receive $ 1 , 000 and more never before has there been an easier way to make money from home ! our company 's home mailing program is designed for people with little or no experience and provides simple , step by step instructions . there is no prior experience or special skills necessary on your part , just stuffing envelopes . we need the help of honest and reliable home workers like you . because we are overloaded with work and have more than our staff can handle . we have now expanded our mailing program and are expecting to reach millions more with our offers throughout the us and canada . our system of stuffing and mailing envelopes is very simple and easy to do ! you will not be required to buy envelopes or postage stamps . we will gladly furnish all circulars at no cost to you . we assure you that as a participant in our program you will never have to mail anything objective or offensive . there are no quotas to meet , and there no contracts to sign . you can work as much , or as little as you want . payment for each envelope you send out is guaranteed ! here is what you will receive when you get your first package . inside you will find 100 envelopes , 100 labels and 100 sales letters ready to stuff and mail as soon as you are done with stuffing and mailing these first letters , your payment will arrive shortly , thereafter . all you have to do is to order more free supplies and stuff and mail more envelopes to make more money . our sales literature which you will be stuffing and mailing will contain information outlining our highly informative manuals that we are advertising nationwide . as a free gift you will receive a special manual valued at $ 24 . 95 , absolutely free , just for joining our home mailers program . plus you will get your own special code number , so that we will know how much you are to get paid . and to make re-ordering of more envelopes , that our company supplies very simple for you . we are giving you this free bonus because we want you to be confident in our company and to ensure that we will be doing business with you for a long time . benefits of this job : 1 . you do not have to quit your present job , to earn more money at home 2 . you can make between $ 2 , 500 to $ 4 , 500 a month depending on the amount of time you are willing to spend stuffing and mailing envelopes 3 . this is a great opportunity for the students , mothers , disabled persons or those who are home bodies . to secure your position and to show us that you are serious about earning extra income at home we require a one-time registration fee of $ 35 . 00 . this fee covers the cost of your initial start up package , which includes 100 envelopes , 100 labels and 100 sales letters and a manual , your registration fee will be refunded back to you shortly thereafter . money back guarantee ! we guarantee that as soon as you stuff and mail your first 300 envelopes you will be paid $ 600 . 00 and your registration fee will be refunded . many of you wonder why it is necessary to pay a deposit to get a job . it is because we are looking for people that seriously want to work from home . * if 3 . 000 people told us they wanted to start working from home and we sent out 3 . 000 packages free to every one . and then half of the people decided not to work , this would be a potential loss of more than $ 60 , 000 in supply 's and shipping that we have sent out to people that do n't want to work we have instituted this policy to make sure that you really want to work and at least finish your first package . to get started today please enclose your registration fee of $ 35 check , cash or money order and fill out the application below and mail to : hmc co 11054 ventura blvd # 265 studio city , ca 91604 name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone number ( s ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for all orders , please allow seven ( 7 ) days for delivery and up to 10 days .
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 211,""Subject: best debt elimination software available ! free demo ! great gift !
  
  best debt elimination software available ! free demo ! great gift ! you do n't need to earn a penny more than you do now ! you do n't need to = wait 20 , 30 , even 40 years to get out of debt ! nor retire in hock to your creditors and survive on the edge with social security alone ! you can get out of debt in five to seven years on average ! and you do n't need to be a financial wizard to do it . ( please see the end of this message for remove suggestions . ) your financial independence day debtfree for windows ( tm ) will show you how to get out of debt and will help you pin down your debt - freedom date , your financial independence day ! this easy-to - use program will calculate and display your step-by - step accelerated debt-elimination plan . then it will help you develop and monitor your accelerated wealth-accumulation plan . this top-of - the-line software can even show you the exact date you will become a debt-free millionaire ! please read on to find out how this powerful yet user-friendly program can help you obliterate your debt and achieve solid financial independence in much less time than you would have thought possible ! in using this impressive software you will discover how you can become free from the financial bondage of north america 's credit-dependent economic systems - - systems which funnel most of the wealth you produce over your working life into the vaults of money companies . . . specifically , giant credit companies . federal statistics show that 96 % of north americans do not achieve financial freedom - - little wonder when they hand paycheck after paycheck to the money companies . it 's been a dead-end street for most of us , but now we have an effective tool to defeat this cycle of financial slavery . what ' debtfree for windows ' can do for you the debtfree ( tm ) for windows ( tm ) will show you how to : - pay off all your debts , including your home mortgage , in about 5 years using the money you already make ! ! - teach you how to operate 100 % on cash never needing or wanting credit again ! - show you how to direct the money you once wasted on mortgage , car and credit card payments into simple , safe investments , thus . . . - allow you to live as you choose off the income generated from those investments , and never have to work again ! the debt - free & prosperous living program ( tm ) which is presented in this software is already working to free more than 150 , 000 = 20 american and canadian families from debt and credit-dependency . = 20 they are achieving the financial independence we all dream of = 20 having . you , too , can free yourself ! now using the debtfree for windows ( tm ) debt - elimination and wealth building software you can : - calculate and display your step-by - step accelerated debt-elimination plan . - establish your debt-freedom date and monitor your progress towards it . - show you how unplanned costs or windfalls may affect your debt payoff . - show you the exact date you ' ll become a debt-free millionaire . receive an interactive demo of this software by visiting our internet website at : http : / / www . aframeri . com / debtfree . and start doing what you want , living where you want and being who you want ! if the address above is underlined , you may be able to click on it to go directly to the site . otherwise , launch your browser , netscape or internet explorer , and enter the address in the address box at the top of your screen . ( you can = 20 select and copy the address above and paste it in your browser 's = 20 address box . ) you will soon be using the finest debt-elimination = 20 and wealth-building software available anywhere ! you might = 20 imagine this powerful software costing many hundreds of dollars = 20 because it will be worth many thousands to you , but it actually = 20 costs far less than that . for details , visit the web site . why not = 20 visit the site now while the thought is still fresh in your mind ? = 20 this could be a historic , life-changing moment for you - - your = 20 financial re-birthday ! = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( to be permanently removed from this list , and from most responsible direct mailing lists , please register your e-mail address with a public remove list like those at http : / / www . infobyte . com / remfile . htm , http : / / www . cmtgroup . com / cmt / remove . html , or http : / / www . remove-me . com / - - when they are up . if you received = 20 this e-mail in error , we regret any inconvenience . also , please = 20 do not reply to the """" from """" or """" reply to """" fields above , but use the = 20 contact information contained in the software . thank you . )
 "",1
 212,""Subject: > > > holiday in florida ! < < <
  
  ` , , ` , , ` , , ` florida / bahamas / cancun family holiday ! ! ! ! ` , , ` , , ` , , ` you have been selected to enter for a limited time only ! family getaway for 2 adults 3 children or 4 adults ! offer now available world wide for a limited time only ! if selected you could enjoy : 1 . 4 days 3 nights in magical orlando florida , home of disney world where you will enjoy the hospitality of either the comfort suites or holiday inn . have a blast with a free family pass to watermania water park in orlando . you will also receive the orlando """" magic card """" entitling you to hundreds of dollars worth of discounts in the orlando area ! ! ! ! ! ! 2 . then enjoy 3 days 3 nighs in sunny cocoa beach florida , living it up at the hilton overlooking the atlantic ocean ! ! ! put the kids to bed early . . . . . . and enjoy 2 complimentary adult casino cruise tickets ! ! ! ! ! 3 . a complimentary alamo rental car with unlimited mileage for your stay in florida ( must carry a mjor credit card for car rental deposit ) register now to take advantage of this once in a lifetime holiday and if you qualify enjoy . . . . . . . . this special online offer ! ! ! reply within 48 hours of receipt and you will also recieve : 2 bonus mini vacations > 4 days / 3 nights in beautiful cancun , mexico at the piramides cancun beach resort ! ! > 4 days / 3 nights in nassau , grand bahamas at the marriott crystal palace resort & casino all of this for only $ 678 for 2 adults and 3 children , or 4 adults ! ! ! ! ! ! ( if you do qualify you will need to secure promotional fees on a major credit card to guarantee your travel date ) register now ! ! ! reply to maryj @ digital . intersponse . com with ' holiday ' as the subject and the following information : full name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state ( or county ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip ( or postal code ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ age ( must be 21 ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ married ( yes / no ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ if yes , spouses name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ day phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ evening phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ best time to call : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ which credit card do you use : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please include information for all fields , incomplete registrations will be discarded . this is not a contest , lottery or sweepstakes . you are qualified based on demographics such as age , area you live in , etc . qualified entrants will be contacted by one of our experienced travel representatives with the full details . only one phone call per household . ( all fields must be filled completely in order to be a valid entry . this info will remain completely confidential ! ) this covers all fees except for any incidentals such as phone , food , gratuities , and hotel taxes which are paid directly to the hotel . removal : if you would like to be removed from our mailing list , respond to jorry @ digital . intersponse . com with ' remove ' in the subject and your email address in the body .
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 213,""Subject: save money on your phone bill
  
  i hope you do n't object to a complete stranger mailing you this , but i believe this to be an opportunity too good to be missed by anyone . i ' m looking forward to saving money on my phone bill and so can you : - to save money on your phone bill please read this message carefully tcw telecoms direct ltd least cost routing gives you the opportunity to save money on all of your phone bills all of the time . how much will you save ? local calls 15 % regional calls 30 % national calls 30 % international calls 30 % landline to mobile 10 % ( discounts shown are against bt standard rates . rates track bt on a daily basis , for pricing information see bt ) now here comes the best bit - you can save even more every month by referring friends . simply tell your friends about the tcw lcr service . give them your customer number ( located on the top left of your contract when you have become a customer ) ( call 01235 442350 and quote account number de / 184374 to become a customer yourself ) ask your friends to call tcw telecoms direct ltd on 01235 442350 . let tcw telecoms direct ltd do the rest . how will tcw thank you ? you ' ll receive credits for every month that your recommended friends continue to use the tcw service . every month there will be a loyalty referral discount on your bill . the more friends you refer , the greater your monthly credit will become - and yes - this credit is every month . so become a tcw customer now and then call your friends . in time , your phone bill from tcw telecoms direct could read zero ! how do you become a tcw customer ? call tcw telecoms direct ltd on 01235 442350 now and give them the account number de / 184374 - you , me and your friends will soon be saving money on your phone bills - even more so if you all recommend the service to others . good luck and here 's to smaller phone bills for everyone ! ! more details follow for those wishing to know more about how this service works if you are already receiving discounts from bt or your cable operator , you may not see the benefit of using the tcw service as the discounts above may not seem attractive . however , remember that by recommending friends your resultant discounts over bt standard rates could become 100 % every month due to the referral credits appearing on your tcw bill . in other words , by recommending friends you can reduce your tcw bill to zero over time . i have just asked tcw / telecoms direct customer service what happens to calls to numbers such as 0845 that get used for internet access , and apparently these are discounted the same as local calls , i . e . 15 % ( or more when you recommend friends ) . please call them yourself to confirm on 01235 442350 . what is least cost routing ? least cost routing is a system designed to save you money on all your local , regional , national and international calls as well as calls to mobile phones . why is least cost routing allowed to exist ? least cost routing is relatively new in the uk and has come about since the government passed a bill to deregulate the national telephone system . this ended the bt monopoly , allowing tcw telecom direct to offer you a highly competitive service with substantial discounts on your calls . how does it work ? least cost routing works by simply re-routing your calls through tcw 's billing system . it does this via a free """" smart box """" that attaches to your phone and bt or cable socket . in other words , you keep your existing telephone number , dial as normal , and receive exactly the same high quality service . you will then receive a bill from your existing telephone company for line rental and maybe some specialised calls and another bill ( lower than before ) from tcw for your local , regional , national and international calls as well as calls to mobile phones . your combined bill will , of course be lower . effectively nothing changes , but the total price you pay . the """" smart box """" is plugged into your existing bt or cable wall socket which is used for the majority of your calls . your phone is then plugged into the """" smart box """" . you then use your phone as per normal and save money . if there is heavy usage from another extension , you may consider requesting a second smart box . there is no minimum contract period . what will your bill from tcw show ? fully itemised call details with number of calls , type of calls ( local , regional , national , international , mobile ) , duration of calls , cost of each call , how much the calls would have cost without least cost routing .
 "",1
 214,""Subject: great on - line casino !
  
  don , ted : i guess i owe you guys lunch . who would have thought the lions would beat tampa bay ! ! aaarghh ! since you guys are so clever when it comes to picking winners maybe you should check out the new on-line sportsbook and casino i found ! check it out ! click here you can bet on this weekend 's college and nfl games or play blackjack , poker , craps , slots or baccarat in the casino . guys , its awesome . there 's no software to download and you can place your bets by telephone or over the internet ! ! try it out . they ' ll set you up on-line at : http : / / www . rosieschalkisland . com or call my man , """" island bud """" at : 1-800 - 248-4115 dan p . s . call me crazy guys , but i actually bet on the lions and made over $ 120 . 00 . thanks for the tip ! ! u e
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 215,""Subject: 
  
  10 / 27 / 98 y2k solution ! 8 pine circle dr . , silicon valley , calif . otc company """" tcfg """" 21 st . century frontier group has through several members of their administrative research department leaked vital information about their companies efforts . . . everyone was tight lipped and interviews were refused , and through un-named sources we have learned that the technology and software solution are in the process of being patented ! in over 1640 trials , using various data systems the use of the new technology and software solved the y2k problem 100 % of the time . this small publicly traded company """" tcfg """" which is just 3 years old is through various sources now negotiating with the """" big boys """" ! """" tcfg """" the letters to look for !
 "",1
 216,""Subject: free sex
  
  hello . are you an adult ? do you have a credit card ? do you want so much porn you won't be able to handle it ? 5000 video feeds avi & quicktime movies 50 , 000 pictures 10 , 000 sex stories teen sex videos ( modles are 18 ) click here for a 2 . 95 $ membership you must be 18 and you need a credit card . . . there is absolutly no free porn on the site so if you are under 18 or not intrested in signing up do n't even bother .
 "",1
 217,""Subject: this is new at 95 . 8 capital fm
  
  do n't want to receive these e-mails ? click the following link to remove your address from our mailing list : http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - halloween - get spooked with our prize-winning specials . - primary colors - all the gossip from the movie premiere . - still crazy - rock , roll and laughs on the big screen . - hot new music - all the best new releases straight to your screen . - fantasy record label - take your favourite bands to the top . - shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - - halloween - get spooked with our prize-winning specials . why should the ghosts and undead have all the fun this halloween ? we ' ve got a bumper package of spooky fun for you . catch up on the latest and greatest scary movies and win boxed sets of classic horror flicks , or prepare for some spellbound prizes with b * witched right here : http : / / capitalfm . com - primary colors - all the gossip from the movie premiere . john travolta and emma thompson star in this revealing portrait of an adulterous us president , and its release could n't be timed any better ! we ' ll have all the gossip straight from thursday night 's star-studded premiere , so head over to : http : / / capitalfm . com - still crazy - rock , roll and laughs on the big screen . it 's a crazy tale of an unlikely bunch of rock stars , including jimmy nail and billy connolly , and it 's about to crash onto the big screen . we ' ve got a stack of wild rock ' n ' roll prizes to be won in our ' still crazy ' competition , so do n't miss the fun at : http : / / capitalfm . com - hot new music - all the best new releases straight to your screen . it 's a big week for new music , and we ' ll be bringing you all the info on the latest releases . as well as our regular round-up of the music that should be spinning in your cd player , we focus on megastars celine dion and u2 and their unmissable new albums . for all that 's hot in hit music you need : http : / / capitalfm . com - fantasy record label - take your favourite bands to the top . the ultimate music game has been running for a couple of weeks , but it 's never too late to take part and become a success in the music biz . pick the bands who can take you to the top of the charts and win you some amazing prizes at : http : / / capitalfm . com - shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . our new music shop is going down a storm , and if you have n't checked out how easy it is to buy the latest and greatest music , do n't hesitate ! everything is done from your desktop and the next thing you know your favourite music is in your mailbox . and we ' re always here to help should you have any questions . for a new music buying experience come to : http : / / capitalfm . com * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement compaq mtv competition the glamour , the glitz , the fame . . . and you could be part of it all . compaq , the world 's coolest pc manufacturer are offering the chance for you and a friend to attend the 1998 mtv europe music awards in milan . with stars like all saints , aqua , robbie williams and many more you will feel part of the dizzy atmosphere . what 's more , we even want you to tell us all about it because we want you to be our reporter for the event . sounds too good be true ? well click on the icon on the capital radio site and find out more . . . but hurry , there 's no business like show business . http : / / capitalfm . com * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement titanic 7up competition how many cans of 7up does it take to fill your bathtub ? if your guess is 365 then you do n't want to miss out on the chance to win a years supply of 7up , absolutely free ! enter the 7up / titanictesco competition on the capital radio websites and you could be in with a chance of winning bath full of fizzy refreshment . whether or not you choose to get into the bath of 7up or save it to drink , is entirely up to you if you buy 2x6packs of 7up at tesco you can scoop yourself a free poster too . http : / / capitalfm . com * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement compaq presario competition instant access to the internet , accelerated graphics , dolby digital surround . no , we are not talking about the latest in space technology but the new compaq presario . you can win it just by entering the competition on the capital radio website . if you want to experience the performance for yourself , all you have to do is pop into capital radio , leicester square , london and there will be a presario in the foyer just for you to play with . so , click on the icon on the capital radio site and enter the compaq competition today . . . http : / / capitalfm . com * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement we have teamed up with cd paradise to provide you with some fantastic & exclusive offers ! special discounts are available on new items from robbie williams . . . the beautiful south . . . . placebo . . . . rem . . . . south park and many , many more ! but do n't delay , visit the site now while stocks last at : http : / / www . cdparadise / capitalfm
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 218,""Subject: promote your business online .
  
  do you know what the number one factor is that will determine whether your business is a success or not ? advertising ! effective conventional advertising is quite expensive . so what do you do ? direct email is one of , if not thee most effective method of advertising in the 90 's . you can get your ad out to hundreds of thousands , even millions , for only a fraction of the cost of traditional advertising . the wave of future advertising is here , do n't miss it . we have gone through painstaking methods to insure that we have the best quality lists on the internet . we send your ad for your , all you have to do is create it . 50 , 000 emails sent . . . . . $ 200 500 , 000 emails sent . . . . $ 1 , 100 1 , 000 , 000 emails sent . . $ 1 , 750 ( * special * reply to this mail and get $ 250 off if you send 1 million ! ) if you would rather use your own list , you can do that too ! for more informaiton , or to sign up , visit our website at http : / / www . emcu . com / . we also host email auto responders ! if you ' re in the market for one of those , visit our site too . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - this message is sent in compliance of the new e-mail bill : section 301 , paragraph ( a ) ( 2 ) ( c ) of s . 1618 sender : electronic marketing concepts unlimited . 103b washington street , doniphan , mo 63935 phone : 1-800 - 724-6644 ext : 8762234444 e - mail : info @ emcu . com * to be removed from our mailing list , simply ignore this message . * this ad is not intended for nor do we knowingly send to washington state residents . * responding to the """" return address """" will not have your name removed .
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 219,""Subject: electric motors
  
  dear sir / madam we are manufacturers of electric motors viz . ac . motors , dc . motors , and special type of motors . we have entered into international market and are getting orders in bulk quantities from manufacturers of motors , they market these motors under their own brand name in bulk at the price they think for them notpossible to manufature in their home country . we offer six months site facility against confirmed and irrevocable letter of credit of any prime bank in us dollars . visit us at http : / / www . elmomachines . com for our wide spectrum of products . awaiting for a favourable response from your end . regards , anuj patel proprietor telefax : + 91 79 6421347
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 220,""Subject: visit us in the tropics
  
  $ : 0 ` 0 : $ x , 88 , x $ : 0 ` 0 : $ x , 88 , x $ : 0 ` 0 : $ x , 88 , x $ : 0 ` 0 : $ x florida / bahamas / cancun family holiday ! ! ! ! $ : 0 ` 0 : $ x , 88 , x $ : 0 ` 0 : $ x , 88 , x $ : 0 ` 0 : $ x , 88 , x $ : 0 ` 0 : $ x you have been selected to enter for a limited time only ! family getaway for 2 adults 3 children or 4 adults ! offer now available world wide for a limited time only ! if selected you could enjoy : 1 . 4 days 3 nights in magical orlando florida , home of disney world where you will enjoy the hospitality of either the comfort suites or holiday inn . have a blast with a free family pass to watermania water park in orlando . you will also receive the orlando """" magic card """" entitling you to hundreds of dollars worth of discounts in the orlando area ! ! ! ! ! ! 2 . then enjoy 3 days 3 nights in sunny cocoa beach florida , living it up at the hilton overlooking the atlantic ocean ! ! ! put the kids to bed early . . . . . . and enjoy 2 complimentary adult casino cruise tickets ! ! ! ! ! 3 . a complimentary alamo rental car with unlimited mileage for your stay in florida ( must carry a mjor credit card for car rental deposit ) register now to take advantage of this once in a lifetime holiday and if you qualify enjoy . . . . . . . . this special online offer ! ! ! reply within 48 hours of receipt and you will also recieve : 2 bonus mini vacations > 4 days / 3 nights in beautiful cancun , mexico at the piramides cancun beach resort ! ! > 4 days / 3 nights in nassau , grand bahamas at the marriott crystal palace resort & casino all of this for only $ 678 for 2 adults and 3 children , or 4 adults ! ! ! ! ! ! ( if you do qualify you will need to secure promotional fees on a major credit card to guarantee your travel date ) to register go to : http : / / nocutoff . dynip . com this is not a contest , lottery or sweepstakes . you are qualified based on demographics such as age , area you live in , etc . qualified entrants will be contacted by one of our experienced travel representatives with the full details . only one phone call per household . ( all fields must be filled completely in order to be a valid entry . this info will remain completely confidential ! ) this covers all fees except for any incidentals such as phone , food , gratuities , and hotel taxes which are paid directly to the hotel .
 "",1
 221,""Subject: ! - - - - - * - - - - - ernie 's 8 - - - - * - - - - - !
  
  every week ernie evaluates some of the hottest sites on the internet in the most popular categories ! ! this week 's hot pick category is """" gaming sites """" ! check out some of our picks for the hottest sites . free casino sites ( win bucks with no risk ! ) : click here click here gambling search engines ( visit the most popular gambling sites on the internet ! ) : click here click here sports handicapping sites ( free sports selections ) : click here click here gambling information sites ( get the latest news ) : click here click here stayed tuned for next week and our hot """" travel """" picks ! !
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 222,""Subject: free live video sex ! ! !
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * attention video sex lovers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * never pay for video sex ever again . brand new totally free live video = sex website . come check out over unlimited live video sex channels ! http : / / 209 . 25 . 83 . 24 / indexc . htm
 "",1
 223,""Subject: very important ! read carefully
  
  # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # this message is intended for adults only . # # # # if you are not a legal adult over the age # # # # of 18-21 years old or are offended by # # # # adult related material , please delete this # # # # message now . to be removed from this list # # # # please enter your e-mail address at # # # # http : / / www . replyman . com # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 5680 xxx picture on one cd-rom only $ 99 http : / / www . sexcatalog . ch / hotasia / index . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * it ' s true ! we offer you one single cd-rom with 5690 hardcore pictures . * no download time ! * no membership ! * incredibly a lot of pictures ! * top quality pictures only ! * free delivery around the world * free thumpsplus program which allows you an easy preview of the pictures * free unlimited access to our homepage member area ( value of $ 45 ) they are categorized as : * 3000 pic . of nude top models * 1500 pic . of asian hardcore * 460 pic . of blowjobs * 380 pic . of closeups * 130 pic . of anal * 110 pic . of wet girls order now at : http : / / www . sexcatalog . ch / hotasia / free . html free samples at : http : / / www . sexcatalog . ch / hotasia / password . htm username : models password : 156354 ! ! ! we do deliver around the world for free ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * free windows desktop calendar http : / / www . ips . ch / usa / files / calender . exe * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * we just released a brand new windows desktop tool . bored of having the same background picture every day ? our desktop calendar for windows 95 and 98 can change that . every day you see a new desktop picture and a monthly calendar which will bring you the present day . you can even easily add your favorite pictures . * no shareware * no demo version * no function limitation * it ' s 100 % free download : http : / / www . ips . ch / usa / files / calender . exe more infos : http : / / www . ips . ch / usa / index . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * website submission to 250 + search engines for only $ 29 . 95 http : / / www . ips . ch / usa / register-it . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * for a limited time only we register your homepage url in 250 + search engines such as yahoo , altavista , excite , infoseek , lycos . . . for only $ 29 . 95 ( regular price $ 99 ) . after we register your homepage you receive a confirmation e-mail with all the search engines that we register you in . simply fill out the form at : http : / / www . ips . ch / usa / register-it . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * visit this homepages * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * in english : http : / / www . sexcatalog . ch / hotasia http : / / www . ips . ch / erotik . htm http : / / tour . teenie-sex . com / t180 / * in german : http : / / www . sexkatalog . ch http : / / www . ips . ch http : / / www . server4free . ch - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - all offers are good through 11-30 - 98 if you like to get more e-mails for us then send us a e - mail to register @ ips . ch , please ad the word register in the subject - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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 224,""Subject: we tried calling you , please call ! ! ! !
  
  free internet service , no cost no monthly fees call now ! * free free * 1-800 - 395-9268 * free free * 24 hrs website submission service _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ we review your website , give you the appropriate meta tags , and submit each major page of your site to over 600 search engines , media , links , etc . . . we also send you a report ! ! ! we will get your website noticed to millions within just a short couple of weeks . . . after we submit your website to 600 search engines we will resubmit your site every month for 6 months ! * * all this for just $ 199 . 00 * * 1-800 - 395-9268 24 hrs / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / this message was composed using extractor pro bulk e - mail software . if you wish to be removed from this advertiser 's future mailings , please reply by calling our toll free 800 # , giving your email address our software will automatically block you from their future mailings . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
 "",1
 225,""Subject: visit us in the tropics
  
  ` , , ` , , ` , , ` florida / bahamas / cancun family holiday ! ! ! ! ` , , ` , , ` , , ` you have been selected to enter for a limited time only ! family getaway for 2 adults 3 children or 4 adults ! offer now available world wide for a limited time only ! if selected you could enjoy : 1 . 4 days 3 nights in magical orlando florida , home of disney world where you will enjoy the hospitality of either the comfort suites or holiday inn . have a blast with a free family pass to watermania water park in orlando . you will also receive the orlando """" magic card """" entitling you to hundreds of dollars worth of discounts in the orlando area ! ! ! ! ! ! 2 . then enjoy 3 days 3 nighs in sunny cocoa beach florida , living it up at the hilton overlooking the atlantic ocean ! ! ! put the kids to bed early . . . . . . and enjoy 2 complimentary adult casino cruise tickets ! ! ! ! ! 3 . a complimentary alamo rental car with unlimited mileage for your stay in florida ( must carry a mjor credit card for car rental deposit ) register now to take advantage of this once in a lifetime holiday and if you qualify enjoy . . . . . . . . this special online offer ! ! ! reply within 48 hours of receipt and you will also recieve : 2 bonus mini vacations > 4 days / 3 nights in beautiful cancun , mexico at the piramides cancun beach resort ! ! > 4 days / 3 nights in nassau , grand bahamas at the marriott crystal palace resort & casino all of this for only $ 678 for 2 adults and 3 children , or 4 adults ! ! ! ! ! ! ( if you do qualify you will need to secure promotional fees on a major credit card to guarantee your travel date ) to register go to : http : / / travelking . tzo . com this is not a contest , lottery or sweepstakes . you are qualified based on demographics such as age , area you live in , etc . qualified entrants will be contacted by one of our experienced travel representatives with the full details . only one phone call per household . ( all fields must be filled completely in order to be a valid entry . this info will remain completely confidential ! ) this covers all fees except for any incidentals such as phone , food , gratuities , and hotel taxes which are paid directly to the hotel .
 "",1
 226,""Subject: some think so ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
  
  - - adults only - - why the government does n't want you to see this ! click me
 "",1
 227,""Subject: good luck ! ! ! !
  
  - - adults only - - the most fun you can have sitting up ! ! click here
 "",1
 228,""Subject: this is new at 95 . 8 capitalfm
  
  do n't want to receive these e-mails ? click the following link to remove your address from our mailing list : http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - e-17 - chat to them , meet them and see them live ! - showtime in ny - pictures from the showtime teams week in new york . - make it better - your last chance to tell us how to make the site better . - new movies - a good week for great new movies . - music news - the latest news and gossip . - sportstime - live action including , arsenal v spurs and england . + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - - e-17 - chat to them , meet them and see them live ! enter now to be the lucky winner who gets to see them play live and meet them after the gig ! the band will join us for a live chat before they play on monday the 12th at 5pm , so make sure to log in to ask them all your burning questions at : http : / / capitalfm . com - showtime in new york - the showtime team are broadcasting live from new york this week and will be joined by foxy for a drivetime new york extravaganza live on friday the 13th . we have all the pictures of their adventures at : http : / / capitalfm . com - make it better - this is your last chance to tell us how to improve our site . we have received lots of great ideas and are working to improve the sites to your liking . tell us more at : http : / / capitalfm . com - new movies - with the london film festival in full swing it 's a good week for some great new movies to be released . we preview the cream of the crop so that you can pick your selection : http : / / capitalfm . com - music news - we have all the latest news and gossip at : http : / / capitalfm . com - sportstime - live action and big games . this saturday we ' ll be focusing on the premiership with live coverage of arsenal v spurs . and then get ready for england to take on the czech republic on the 18th . for the best previews , reports , pictures and live action , come to : http : / / capitalfm . com + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - advertisement cd paradise we have teamed up with cd paradise to provide you with some fantastic & exclusive offers ! special discounts are available on new items from robbie williams . . . the beautiful south . . . . placebo . . . . rem . . . . south park and many , many more ! but do n't delay , visit the site now while stocks last at : http : / / www . cdparadise . com / capitalfm + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - advertisement crusading croc prepares for christmas ! for those of you who are always stuck for christmas present ideas , fox interactive , a leading u . s . games publisher owned by 20th century fox , has just announced the launch of the highly acclaimed no . 1 playstation platform game , croc : legend of the gobbos , onto the prestigious playstation platinum range . check out fox interactive online at : http : / / www . foxinteractive . com / + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - advertisement schnapp at the chance ! it 's new . it 's fun . it 's schnapper ! sparkling cider mingling with peach flavour schnapps - an extra touch of class . but more than that , you and three friends could win tickets to the exclusive schnapper party at the capital radio caf in london . click below to find out more http : / / capitalfm . com / schnapper / + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - advertisement win a new compaq presario instant access to the internet , accelerated graphics , dolby digital surround . no , we are not talking about the latest in space technology but the new compaq presario . you can win it just by entering the competition on the capital radio website . enter the compaq competition today . . . http : / / capitalfm . com / compaqmtv /
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 229,""Subject: your request
  
  need a new driver 's license ? too many points or other trouble ? want a license that can never be suspended or revoked ? want id for nightclubs or hotel check-in ? avoid tickets , fines , and mandatory driver 's education . protect your privacy , and hide your identity . the united nations gave you the privilege to drive freely throughout the world ! ( convention on international road traffic of september 19 , 1949 & world court decision , the hague , netherlands , january 21 , 1958 ) take advantage of your rights . order a valid international driver 's license that can never be suspended or revoked . confidentiality assured . call now ! ! ! 1-937 - 586-9313 2b4e5
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 230,""Subject: no snow ? ! ? !
  
  to be removed from this mailing list click here congratulations ! you have been selected to enter for a limited time only ! family holiday for 2 adults and 3 children or 4 adults ! if selected you could enjoy : > > > 4 days 3 nights in magical orlando florida , home of disney world where you will enjoy the hospitality of either the comfort suites or holiday inn . have a blast with a free family pass to watermania water park in orlando . you will also receive the orlando """" magic card """" entitling you to hundreds of dollars worth of discounts in the orlando area ! ! ! ! ! ! > > > > then enjoy 3 days 3 nighs in sunny cocoa beach florida , living it up at the hilton overlooking the atlantic ocean ! ! ! put the kids to bed early . . . . . . and enjoy 2 complimentary adult casino cruise tickets ! ! ! ! ! > > > > a complimentary alamo rental car with unlimited mileage for your stay in florida ( must carry a major credit card for car rental deposit . ) register now to take advantage of this once in a lifetime holiday and if you qualify enjoy . . . . . . . . this special online offer ! ! ! 2 bonus mini vacations > 4 days / 3 nights in beautiful cancun , mexico at the piramides cancun beach resort ! ! > 4 days / 3 nights in nassau , grand bahamas at the marriott crystal palace resort & casino all of this for only $ 678 for 2 adults and 3 children , or 4 adults ! ! ! ! ! ! ( if you do qualify you will need to secure promotional fees on a major credit card to guarantee your travel date . ) register now ! ! ! click here to register ! this is not a contest , lottery , or sweepstakes . you are qualified based on demographics such as age , area you live in , etc . qualified entrants will be contacted by one of our experienced travel representatives with the full details , only one phone call per household . ( all fields must be filled out completely in order to be a valid entry . this info will remain completely confidential ! ) this covers all fees except for any incidentals such as phone , food , gratuities , and hotel taxes which are paid directly to the hotel .
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 231,""Subject: finalists announced ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
  
  - - adults only - - i dare you ! ! click this
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 232,""Subject: hello !
  
  to experience the hottest , hardest , female sex site on the net : click here for hot women ! or if you prefer some hot , gay male action : click here for gay men this is an unsoliscited e-mail of an adult nature . if you wish to be removed from this advertiser 's future mailings , please reply with the subject """" remove """" and this software will automatically block you from their future mailings . to experience the hottest , hardest , female sex site on the net : click here for hot women http : / / 208 . 166 . 75 . 251 / ~ greatxxx / 1 / index . html or if you prefer some hot , gay male action : click here for gay men http : / / 208 . 166 . 75 . 251 / ~ greatxxx / 2 / index . html this is an unsoliscited e-mail of an adult nature . if you wish to be removed from this advertiser 's future mailings , please reply with the subject """" remove """" and this software will automatically block you from their future mailings .
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 233,""Subject: seasons greetings from santa !
  
  santa at onlinenow wishes you happy holidays , merry christmas and a happy , prosperous new year . onlinenow world wide directories http : / / onlinenow . net / frames /
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 234,""Subject: requested
  
  increase your personal prestige and money earning power through an advanced university degree . eminent , non-accredited universities will award you a degree for only $ 200 . degree granted based on your present knowledge and experience . no further effort necessary on your part . just a short phone call is all that is required for a ba , ma , mba , or phd diploma in the field of your choice . for details , call 770-492 - 2925 br72
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 235,""Subject: 
  
  increase your personal prestige and money earning power through an advanced university degree . eminent , non-accedited universities will award you a degree for only $ 200 . degree granted based on your present knowledge and expirence . no further effort necessary on your part . just a short phone call is all that is required for a ba , ma , mba , or phd diploma in the field of your choice . for details , call 770-492 - 2925
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 236,""Subject: this is scary ! ! !
  
  thirst ! as seen on television """" cryptosporidium """" is in a neighborhood near you ! this can actually happen that is why they made a television movie about it . they want to educate the public on parasites . parasites are the # 1 silent killer ! we have to do something to protect ourselves from this terrible menace . if you did n't get to see the movie let me just briefly explain what happened and why it is important to do something about it . a very small parasite by the name of """" cryptosporidium """" , got into the cities reservoir . it contaminated their drinking water and those people who drank the water became ill and many of them died . you see parasites need a """" host """" to live and multiply . we as humans can become that host . there are many different types of parasites and there are many ways that we can contract them . here are just a few sign of parasites ; chronic fatigue , bodily aches and pains , skin problems , headaches , constipation , arthritis , gas and bloating , loss of appetite , sexual dysfunction , uncontrollable weight , itchy ears , nose and anus , premature aging , forgetfulness , menopause , and pms to mention a few . it is scary to know just how easily it is to get contaminated by a parasite . we can contract them by eating uncooked meat and fish , from vegetables , casual contact , sexual contact , swimming in lakes and streams , we can contract them from our pets and from the air we breathe . these are just a few of the ways . can you even begin to understand the potential danger we are living with each and every day ? you have two choices you can ignore them and let them eat you alive . by doing this you know your ultimate fate . you are headed toward the path of sickness , disease and possibly death . you can however , choose to do something about it now and change all that ! i know the road my family and i are taking . i only hope that you do the same ! if you choose to live a healthier , more productive life , and wish to obtain additional information on what you can do to protect yourself and your loved ones call 1-813 - 677-2217 . this message is brought to you from someone who cares may god bless you !
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 237,""Subject: we ' re brighter , better and faster than ever !
  
  we ' re brighter , better and faster than ever ! we asked you how you thought the site could be made better - and now we ' ve gone and done it ! we hope that you find the site much quicker and easier to navigate . we are still running many exclusive and exciting competitions and events as you will see below ! breakfast competition - win a trip to thailand for two weeks and take a friend ! to celebrate our new look chris tarrant will be giving two clues to a location on wednesday the 18th and two clues on thursday the 19th . if you can figure out what places chris is talking about , then go to the site to enter the competition . you have to enter all four locations correctly in our e-mail form . if you are the lucky winner you will know on friday morning , as chris will pick the lucky winner before 9am ! but there is more ! you will also be able to see chris live as the whole breakfast show will webcast and between the hours of 8and 9am you ' ll be able to chat to chris live in the chat room ! so join us at : http : / / capitalfm . com drivetime webcast and chat - see foxy present his show and chat to him live from 5 - 5 . 30pm on wednesday the 18th . foxy is a very busy man these days with presenting not only the drivetime show but also the pepsi chart on sundays as well as on channel 5 . to find out all the inside gossip , join us at : http : / / capitalfm . com jackie chan - see him live and request a stunt ! action film hero jackie chan will be live on showtime on thursday the 19th at 7 . 30pm . you can ask him any question you want from the website and why not request that he performs a special stunt just for you ! then watch all of it live as we will be webcasting the whole event . join us for some special kung fu action at : http : / / capitalfm . com billie - chat live with billie on wednesday the 18th at 6pm ! chart topping teen sensation will be here to take all your questions and maybe dish out some advice as well . join us with the number one girl on the number one site at : http : / / capitalfm . com lutricia mcneal - join her for dinner ! she is back with a strong single for christmas . you can see the full video of on the site ! but that is not all ! you can also enter our competition to be one of a select few to have dinner with her ! for our exclusive coverage go to : http : / / capitalfm . com nell mcandrew - chat with the real lara croft on monday nov . 23 at 6pm . nell mcandrew is all action all the time in tombraider iii . to find out what is was like to be the fiercest girl around and film all around the world come ask your questions at : http : / / capitalfm . com rex the runt - watch clips of the new series from the makers of wallace and gromit before you can see it on tv ! and we have an exclusive competition where you can win one of the actual models that were used to make the series ! this and many other incredible animations can be found at : http : / / capitalfm . com in addition to all of that you can win tickets to exclusive screenings , win a part in a panto , request songs for foxys jukebox via e-mail , be part of the tv soap family affairs , win cds and cinema tickets , get the inside scoop on all the stars and much much more . for the bigger , faster , better and improved website , please go to : http : / / capitalfm . com
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 238,""Subject: university degree programs
  
  university degree programs increase your personal prestige and money earning power through an advanced university degree . eminent , non-accredited universities will award you a degree for only $ 200 . degree granted based on your present knowledge and experience . no further effort necessary on your part . just a short phone call is all that is required for a ba , ma , mba , or phd diploma in the field of your choice . for details , call 770-492 - 2925
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 239,""Subject: this is new at capitalfm . com
  
  do n't want to receive these e-mails ? click the following link to remove your address from our mailing list : http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - robbie williams - the lad with no regrets . - steve penk ' s capital punishment iii - listen and buy online . - winning lines - win celine dion videos . - chris tarrant live from phuket - see all the action . - stand up and laugh - we talk to all the top comics . - madonna - from material girl to earth mother . - shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - - robbie williams - the lad with no regrets . every one 's a winner ! robbie 's latest single , ' no regrets ' , looks set to be as big a hit as his previous fantastic tunes and we take a long hard look at the cheeky chappie of pop , his rollercoaster ride of stardom , and his hidden depths . it 's a must for all your robbie fans , so head over to : http : / / capitalfm . com - steve penk ' s capital punishment iii - listen and buy online . if you can't get enough of steve 's wicked wind-ups , you ' ll be pleased to hear there 's a whole new collection out now . the third volume of penky 's pranks is sure to have you cracking up with laughter , and it could be on your doorstep real soon . at capitalfm . com you can listen to some of the wind-ups and securely purchase the cd online . so head straight to : http : / / capitalfm . com - winning lines - win celine dion videos . did you guess last week 's lyrics were from robbie williams 's ' let me entertain you ' ? every week we ' ve got a few lines from a fantastic hit song and you simply have to guess which track it is . sound easy ? if you ' re right a celine dion video could be yours , so test your musical knowledge at : http : / / capitalfm . com - chris tarrant live from phuket - see all the action . ct 's broadcasting live from thailand all this week , and not only can you listen live to the fun at capitalfm . com , but we ' ll have all the behind the scenes photos so you can see it too . to see chris working hard ( no , really ! ) come on over to : http : / / capitalfm . com - stand up and laugh - we talk to all the top comics . top comics may be lured to hilarious tv quiz shows , but eventually they return to what they love best : stand-up . this week we ' ve got interviews with the best of the bunch including jack dee and frank skinner , and you could win tickets to see jeff green live on stage . all the best laughter at : http : / / capitalfm . com - madonna - material girl to earth mother . it does n't seem long since mads was a bright young newcomer to the pop scene , and since then she 's reinvented herself over and over again . as she releases the great single ' the power of goodbye ' we examine the woman who 's more maternal than materialistic , and her 8 million selling album ' ray of light ' . keep up with the style setter at : http : / / capitalfm . com - shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . our online shop has been renovated and is sporting a smart new look , making it an even better place to browse the latest and greatest music . we ' ve also added a second floor with a whole range of goods in time for your christmas shopping - why battle with the high street crowds when you can do it all from the comfort from your own home ? for a new shopping experience come to : http : / / capitalfm . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement crusading croc prepares for christmas ! for those of you who are always stuck for christmas present ideas , fox interactive , has just announced the launch of the highly acclaimed no . 1 playstation game , croc : legend of the gobbos , onto the prestigious playstation platinum range . only a select number of games make it into this elite range which offers gamers the opportunity to purchase high profile games at the reduced price of just 19 . 99 . http : / / capitalfm . com / crocplat / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement schnapp at the chance ! it 's new . it 's fun . it 's schnapper ! sparkling cider mingling with peach flavour schnapps - an extra touch of class . but more than that , you and three friends could win tickets to the exclusive schnapper party at the capital radio caf in london . click below to find out more http : / / capitalfm . com / schnapper / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement if the only browsing you do is in the shops on a saturday . . . then take a few minutes to read about what you might be missing ! do n't miss the arrival of 3com us robotics 56k modem with v . 90 standard is a modem that 's powerful enough to access your favourite sites faster and more reliably . you want to win one ? then click the link below to find out more : http : / / capitalfm . com / 3comusrob / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement southpark kicks ass this xmas ! warning - this software contains coarse language , sick , twisted humour and scenes of violence and due to its contents should only be viewed by like-minded dudes ! http : / / capitalfm . com / southparkss / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement win a new compaq presario instant access to the internet , accelerated graphics , dolby digital surround . no , we are not talking about the latest in space technology but the new compaq presario . you can win it just by entering the competition on the capital radio website . enter the compaq competition today . . . http : / / capitalfm . com / compaqmtv / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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 240,""Subject: 
  
  epac . pt , e . carnoali @ genie . com , e . carolan @ genie . com , jef @ gkb . com , ion . androutsopoulos @ ed . ac . uk , ion1 @ ix . netcom . com , e . caron1 @ genie . com , d-media @ netpathway . com , a . leung @ ed . ac . uk , ion2 @ ix . netcom . com , sanson @ mbox . nau . it , ion @ aisb . ed . ac . uk , ion @ ed . ac . uk , a . lewis @ massey . ac . nz , a . li @ bham . ac . uk , d-messner @ ti . com , d-monti @ hkstar . com , a . lieberman @ sequent . cc . hull . ac . uk , ion @ xl . cablenet . net , e . carpenter1 @ genie . com , e . carpenter3 @ genie . com , jef @ imanad . com , jef @ islandnet . com , e . carr3 @ genie . com , sansonam @ vnet . net , d-purinton @ ti . com , iona . richardson @ ed . ac . uk , jef @ sunpix . east . sun . com from : subject : adv : read carefully ! ! ! ! ! reply - to : sample @ magical316 . net x-pmflags : 10322341 . 10 x-uidl : 10293287 _ 192832 . 222 comments : authenticated sender is message - id : content-length : 6554 this message is sent in compliance with the new e-mail bill : section 301 , paragraph ( a ) ( 2 ) ( c ) of s . 1618 to view it just go to : http : / / thomas . loc . gov / cgi-bin / bdquery / z ? d105 : sn01618 : @ @ @ l briorex reports 6200 greens ln durham nc , 27713 919-484 - 8155 to be removed from this and future mailings simply reply with the remove ! briorex inc * * * * * off shore report 5599 free * * * * * * no paper trail , global visa cards regardless of credit * prestigious offshore checking accounts * international business corporations ( ibcs ) * offshore asset protection trusts * secret offshore mail drops * offshore phone answering services * offshore self-liquidating loans * offshore high yield tax free investments * offshore tax havens - no one knows * free offshore work shops * free offshore trusts * incorporate offshore . . . . completely private . * off shore investors anxious ! ! * up to 100 % financing on residential & commercial properties * bill consolidation no matter what your credit is like * lines of credit up to $ 15 , 000 regardless of your credit * secret money . . . secrecy is a thriving industry * learn how the rich and politicians get even richer using the briorex reports are two separate reports for those with credit card / credit problems , or those who know a little about off shore opportunities but do n't know how to get started . this is what you get when you order : 12 credit card secrets your bank does n't want you to know ! both visa and mastercard * no savings account * bad credit ok * * no security deposit students * welfare * ok * * no membership fees * bankruptcy ok * we guarantee that you will be approved for both visa and mastercard . you can receive both credit cards within 10 business days , via express approval and card issue . plus . . . guaranteed $ 10 , 000 instant pre-approved credit with no credit check , no security deposit , no one refused ! we absolutely guarantee you ' ll receive 3 to 5 new credit cards with credit lines totaling $ 10 , 000 ! you ' ll receive our exclusive list of 5 """" secret """" sources that you can obtain instant credit from . with our program you will receive a pre-approved $ 2500 credit card application . there is absolutely no credit check and no security deposit . no one will be turned down . erase bad credit ! establish a - 1 credit in less than 6 months ! 100 % legal , and 100 % bulletproof protection against liens , levies , judgements , and divorce . international credit cards 100 % acceptance guaranteed ! a social security number is not required , and there are no credit checks or income restrictions . only proof of identification is required . our international bank offers visa gold ( r ) , visa classic ( r ) , and mastercard ( r ) credit cards . could you use a bank account , without the need for a banking reference to open the account ? you can open the account instantly from an on - line application form . no banking references or notarization needed private bank accounts without banking references or demanding of notarization . instant account in 10 seconds for immediate use . learn how to get copies of your : 3 credit reports fbi records disclosure form mailing list removal letter motor vehicle records social security records medical records education records employment records find out how anyone can have a new credit file instantly overnight ! this is the very same credit secrets that celebrities use ! it works with bankruptcies , fbi ( dui ) and judgments ! it 's legal and best of all , the process is free ! if you or someone you know has had credit problems in the past - no matter how bad , this information is vital . these are the secrets that the credit bureaus don ' t want revealed ! learn how to use the credit bureaus to get a totally new-clean credit file . add aaa credit within weeks to your new or existing file that any bank or lender would drool over ! ( this secret alone is worth the price ! ) get credit cards , buy a car , buy a house ! learn the words that will stop collection agencies cold ! legal ways to get the bill collectors off your backs . discover how to obtain an $ 800 loan by mail . . . interest free raise $ 20 , 000 or more in 24 hours learn your consumer rights and consumer credit reporting agencies get any credit card you want . win the credit card game . how to get a visa / mastercard with no credit check learn the starting truth about how credit decisions are made . learn the secrets on obtaining credit cards , bank loans , and mortgages . how to obtain a free copy of your credit report from the major bureaus . understand how credit information is placed on your report . . . and how frequently errors occur . learn how to include your side of the story in your credit report so that your potential creditors understand how and why blemishes appear on your report . a simple way to turn an initial $ 300 investment into multiple , desirable credit references that will have credit managers banging down your door trying to loan you money . learn about a complete range of offshore banking facilities : no id / no reference electronically managed accounts , anonymous numbered accounts , tax-free investment and multi-currency coded accounts , debit and credit cards . providing knowledge , freedom , privacy , security and alternatives : alternative id cards , second passport programs and citizenship , camouflage passports , press passes , international driver permits , university degrees , nobility titles , and more . . . offshore retirement plans commercial asset protection estate planning tax planning primary goal can have a number of component objectives , including the ability to : minimize risk of loss create artificial poverty establish asset anonymity prevent future lawsuits create incentives for dispute settlement make work for any opponent increase litigation odds in your favor protect your economic and social lifestyle maintain planning flexibility preserve financial security secure privacy keep peace of mind 2nd passport programs & citizenship instant citizenship camouflage passports alternative id cardsinternational driver permits genuine press passes university degrees we could easily ask $ 100 . 00 or more for these complete valuable information reports and be flooded with orders . however , we want to keep our prices affordable for you . so we are offering these invaluable reports including your free $ 50 . 00 off shore report for only $ 25 . 00 . that 's it . if you want to learn more or place an order just visit us at : http : / / www . magical316 . com
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 241,""Subject: just in time ! ! extra money for christmas
  
  you can earn $ 50 , 000 or more in the next 90 days sending e-mail , seem impossible ? read on for details . """" as seen on national t . v . ! ! thank you for your time and interest . this is the letter you ' ve been reading about in the news lately . due to the popularity of this letter on the internet , a major nightly news program recently devoted an entire show to the investigation of the program described below to see if it really can make people money . the show also investigated whether or not the program was legal . their findings proved , once and for all , that there are absolutely no laws prohibiting the participation in the program . this has helped to show people that this is a simple , harmless and fun way to make some extra money at home . the results of this show has been truly remarkable . so many people are participating that those involved are doing , much better than ever before . since everyone makes more as more people try it out , its been very exciting to be a part of it lately . you will understand once you experience it . """" here it is below """" = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = * * * print this now for future reference * * * the following income opportunity is one you may be interested in taking a look at . it can be started with very little investment and the income return is tremendous ! ! ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ if you would like to make at least $ 50 , 000 in less than 90 days ! please read the enclosed program . . . then read it again ! ! ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legitimate , legal , money making opportunity . it does not require you to come into contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house except to get the mail . if you believe that someday you ' ll get that big break that you ' ve been waiting for , this is it ! simply follow the instructions , and your dreams will come true . this multi-level e-mail order marketing program works perfectly 100 % every time . e - mail is the sales tool of the future . take advantage of this non-commercialized method of advertising now ! ! ! the longer you wait , the more people will be doing business using e - mail . get your piece of this action ! ! ! multi-level marketing ( mlm ) has finally gained respectability . it is being taught in the harvard business school , and both stanford research and the wall street journal have stated that between 50 % and 65 % of all goods and services will be sold through multi-level methods by the mid to late 1990 's . this is a multi - billion dollar industry and of the 500 , 000 millionaires in the u . s . , 20 % ( 100 , 000 ) made their fortune in the last several years in mlm . moreover , statistics show 45 people become millionaires everyday through multi - level marketing . you may have heard this story before , but over the summer donald trump made an appearance on the david letterman show . dave asked him what he would do if he lost everything and had to start over from scratch . without hesitating , trump said he would find a good network marketing company and get to work . the audience started to hoot and boo him . he looked out at the audience and dead-panned his response """" that 's why i ' m sitting up here and you are all sitting out there ! """" the enclosed information is something i almost slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . my name is johnathon rourke . two years ago , the corporation i worked at for the past twelve years down-sized and my position was eliminated . after unproductive job interviews , i decided to open my own business . over the past year , i incurred many unforeseen financial problems . i owed my family , friends and creditors over $ 35 , 000 . the economy was taking a toll on my business and i just could n't seem to make ends meet . i had to refinance and borrow against my home to support my family and struggling business . at that moment something significant happened in my life and i am writing to share the experience in hopes that this will change your life forever financially ! ! ! in mid december , i received this program via e-mail . six month 's prior to receiving this program i had been sending away for information on various business opportunities . all of the programs i received , in my opinion , were not cost effective . they were either too difficult for me to comprehend or the initial investment was too much for me to risk to see if they would work or not . one claimed that i would make a million dollars in one year , it did n't tell me i 'd have to write a book to make it ! but like i was saying , in december of 1997 1 received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off a mailing list . thank goodness for that ! ! ! after reading it several times , to make sure i was reading it correctly , i could n't believe my eyes . here was a money making phenomenon . i could invest as much as i wanted to start , without putting me further into debt . after i got a pencil and paper and figured it out , i would at least get my money back . but like most of you i was still a little skeptical and a little worried about the legal aspects of it all . so i checked it out with the u . s . post office ( 1-800 - 725-2161 24 - hrs ) and they confirmed that it is indeed legal ! after determining the program was legal and not a chain letter , i decided """" why not . """" initially i sent out 10 , 000 e-mails . it cost me about $ 15 for my time on-line . the great thing about e-mail is that i do n't need any money for printing to send out the program , and because all of my orders are fulfilled via e-mail , my only expense is my time . i am telling you like it is , i hope it does n't turn you off , but i promised myself that i would not """" rip-off """" anyone , no matter how much money it cost me . in less than one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by january 13 , 1 had received 26 orders for report # 1 . your goal is to """" receive at least 20 orders for report # 1 within 2 weeks . if you don ' t , send out more programs until you do ! """" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in . 90 days was done . by january 30 , 1 had received 196 orders for report # 2 . your goal is to """" receive at least 100 + orders for report # 2 within 2 weeks . if not , send out more programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goa . l . """" well , i had 196 orders for report # 2 , 96 more than i needed . so i sat back and relaxed . by march 1 , of my e-mailing of 10 , 000 , 1 received $ 58 , 000 with more coming in every day . i paid off all my debts and bought a much needed new car . please take time to read the attached program , it will change your life forever ! ! ! remember , it won't work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place . it won't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! in order for this program to work , you must meet your goal of 20 + orders for report # 1 , and 100 + orders for report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or more in 90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i am sorry . it really is a great opportunity with little cost or risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to financial security . if you are a fellow business owner and are in financial trouble like i was , or you want to start your own business , consider this a sign . i did ! sincerely , johnathon rourke a personal note from the originator of this program : by the time you have read the enclosed program and reports , you should have concluded that such a program , and one that is legal , could not have been created by an amateur . let me tell you a little about myself . i had a profitable business for 10 years . then in 1979 my business began falling off . i was doing the same things that were previously successful for me , but it was n't working . the economy , inflation and recession had replaced the stable economy that had been with us since 1945 . 1 do n't have to tell you what happened to the unemployment rate because many of you know from first hand experience . there were more failures and bankruptcies than ever before . the middle class was vanishing . those who knew what they were doing invested wisely and moved up . those who did not , including those who never had anything to save or invest , were moving down into the ranks of the poor . as the saying goes , """" the rich get richer and the poor get poorer . """" the traditional methods of making money will never allow you to """" move up """" or """" get rich """" , inflation will see to that . you have just received information that can give you financial freedom for the rest of your life , with """" no risk """" and """" just a little bit of effort . """" you can make more money in the next few months than you have ever imagined . i should also point out that i will not see a penny of this money , nor anyone else who has provided a testimonial for this program . i have already made over 4 million dollars ! i have retired from the program after sending thousands and thousands of programs . follow the program exactly as instructed . do not change it in any way . it works exceedingly well as it is now . remember to e - mail a copy of this exciting report to everyone you can think of . one of the people you send this to may send out 50 , 000 and your name will be on everyone of them ! remember though , the more you send out the more potential customers you will reach . so my friend , i have given you the ideas , information , materials and opportunity to become financially independent , it is up to you now ! """" think about it """" before you delete this program from your mailbox , as i almost did , take a little time to read it and really think a-bout it . get a pencil and figure out what could happen when you participate . figure out the worst possible response and no matter how you calculate it , you will still make a lot of money ! you will definitely get back what you invested . any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . it works ! jody jacobs , richmond , va here ' s how this amazing program will make you thousands of dollar $ instructions : this method of raising capital really works 100 % every time . i am sure that you could use up to $ 50 , 000 or more in the next 90 days . before you say """" bull """" , please read this program carefully . this is not a chain letter , but a perfectly legal money making opportunity . basically , this is what you do : as with all multi-level businesses , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the usa allows you to recruit new multi-level business partners , and we offer a product for every dollar sent . your orders come by mail and are filled by e-mail , so you are not involved in personal selling . you do it privately in your own home , store or office . this is the greatest multi - level mail order marketing anywhere : this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if you do n't order them ) . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your name & return address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose name appears on the list next to the report . make sure your return address is on your envelope in case of any mail problems ! * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save them on your computer and resell them . * within a few days you will receive , via e-mail , each of the four reports . save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next to each report , or their seqience on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in steps """" a """" through """" f """" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , take this advertisement and remove the name and address under report # 4 . this person has made it through the cycle and is no doubt counting their $ 50 , 000 ! c . move the name and address under report # 3 down to report # 4 . d . move the name and address under report # 2 down to report # 3 . e . move the name and address under report # 1 down to report # 2 . f . insert your name / address in the report # 1 position . please make sure you copy every name and address accurately ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this letter . your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e - mail is free ! there are two primary methods of building your downline : method # 1 : sending bulk e-mail let 's say that you decide to start small , just to see how it goes and we ' ll assume you and all those involved send out only 2 , 000 programs each . let 's also assume that the mailing receives a 0 . 5 % response . using a good list the response could be much better . also , many people will send out hundreds of thousands of programs instead of 2 , 000 . but continuing with this example , you send out only 2 , 000 programs . with a 0 . 5 % response , that is only 10 orders for report # 1 . those 10 people respond by sending out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 20 , 000 . out of those 0 . 5 % , 100 people respond and order report # 2 . those 100 mail out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 200 , 000 . the 0 . 5 % response to that is 1 , 000 orders for report # 3 . those 1 , 000 send out 2 , 000 programs each for a 2 , 000 , 000 total . the 0 . 5 % response to that is 10 , 000 orders for report # 4 . that 's 10 , 000 $ 5 bills for you . cash ! ! ! your total income in this example is $ 50 + $ 500 + $ 5 , 000 + $ 50 , 000 for a total of $ 55 , 550 ! ! ! remember friend , this is assuming 1 , 99q out of the 2 , 000 people you mail to will do absolutely nothing and trash this program ! dare to think for a moment what would hpppen if everyone , or half sent out 100 , 000 programs instead of 2 , 000 . believe me , many people will do just that , and more ! by the way , your cost to participate in this is practically nothing . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 2 will show you the best methods for bulk e-mailing , tell you where to obtain free bulk e-mail software and where to obtain e - mail lists . method # 2 - placing free ads on the internet advertising on the ' net is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get only 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) assuming that everyone else in your organization gets only 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . ist level - - your 10 members with $ 5 - - $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . $ 50 , 000 this totals - - - - - - - - - - - - $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think about it ! for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must dc , is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! available reports * * * order each report by number and name - 1 - - * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash ( u . s . currency ) for each report cheques not accepted - always send your order via first class mail - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets of paper . on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and ( c ) your name & postal address . place your order for these reports now : report # 1 """" the insider 's guide to advertising for free on the internet """" order report # 1 from : crossroads enterprises 5507-10 nesconset hwy . # 317 mt . siani , ny . 11766 report # 2 """" the insider 's guide to sending bulk e - mail on the internet """" order report # 2 from : laura waite rfd1 box 798 campton , nh . 03223 report # 3 """" the secrets to multilevel marketing on the internet """" order report 43 from : philip webster 1011 second st . port orange , fl . 32119 report # 4 """" how to become a millionaire utilizing the power of multilevel marketing and the internet """" order report # 4 from : patricia arnold 174 windward ct . s . port jefferson , ny . 11777 about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the directions accurately . * * * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report . always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , your results will be successful ! above all , have faith in yourself and know you wilt , succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guidelines * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising or sending e-mails until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising or sending e-mails until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e - mails or continue placing ads and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! before you make your decision as to whether or not you participate in this program . please answer one question . do you want to change your life ? if the answer is yes , please look at the following facts about this program : 1 . you are selling a product which does not cost anything to produce , ship or advertise . 2 . all of your customers pay you in cash ! 3 . e - mail is without question the most powerful method of distributing information on earth . this program combines the distribution power of e-mail together with the revenue generating power of multi-level marketing . 4 . your only expenses other than your initial $ 20 investment is your time ! 5 . virtually all of the income you generate from this program is pure profit ! 6 . this program will change your life forever . * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 19 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i surprised when i found my medium-size post office box crammed with orders ! for a while , it got so overloaded that i had to start picking up my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't matter where in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi . i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to contact to get another copy , so i had to wait until i was e-mailed another program . . . 11 months passed then it came . . . i did n't delete this one ! . . . i made more than $ 41 , 000 on the first try ! ! d . wilburn , muncie , in this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa i am nearing the $ 90 , 000 mark from this program . i have used several forms of advertisement . i used regular mail and bulk email . the regular mail was very expensive for 2 reasons . i purchased a very select list names , and the postage . the 3rd time i sent out e - mails , in the quantity of 700 , 000 . so , after 3 times participating in this program , i am almost at the $ 90 , 000 mark . that is n't too bad . i hope the same success for you . good luck . . . . raymond mccormick , new cannan , ct . you have great potential for extra earnings that is available at your finger-tips ! you have unlimited access to wealth , but you must be willing to take that first step ! the media already proved that ! ! ! ! ! ! you could be making an obscene amount of money ! i have given you the information , materials , and opportunity to become financially better off . it is up to you now ! - think about it - your risk is only $ 20 . ? how much do you spend on lotto tickets - for no return ? ? ? order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! ! !
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 242,""Subject: re : check this out !
  
  dear friend , greetings ! hopefully my name is on the list below . i am a retired attorney , and about two years ago a man came to me with a letter . the letter he brought me is basically the same letter you havve in your hands . he asked me to verify that this letter was legal . i told him i would review it and get back to him . when i first read the letter i thought it was some off the wall idea to make money . a week and a half later we met in my offic to discuss the issue . i told him the letter he brought me was not 100 % legal and advised him to make a small change so it would be . i was still curious about the letter and he told me how it works . i thought it was a longshot so i decided against participation , but before my client left i asked him to keep me updated as to his results . about two months later , he called me to tell me he had received over $ 800 , 000 in cash ! i did n't believe him , so he suggested i try his idea to find out for myself . i thought about it for a couple of weeks and decided i had nothing to lose . i asked him for a copy of the letter and followed the instructions exactly , mailed out 200 copies and sure enough , the money started arriving ! it came slowly at first but after three weeks i was getting more mail than i could open in a day ! after about three months the money stopped coming . i kept a precise copy of my earnings and at the end of the three months they totaled $ 968 , 493 ! i was earning a good living as a lawyer , but as anyone in the legal profession will tell you , there is a lot of stress that comes with the job . i decided to try the letter again but this time sent out 500 letters . well , three months later , my earnings totaled $ 2 , 344 , 178 ! i just could not believe it , i met with my old client for lunch to find out how it worked . what made this one different from others were that there are six names on the list , not five like most others . that fact alone results in your name being on far more returns . the other factor was the help i gave him in ensuring the whole thing was legal , since nobody wants to risk doing something illegal . i ' ll bet by now you are curious to know what little change i told him to make . well , if you send a letter like this out , to make it legal you must actually sell something if you expect to receive something in return . so , when you send a dollar to each of the six people on the list , you must include a slip of paper with the words , """" please put me on your mailing list """" and enclose your mailing address . you need not include your name . this is the legal key to this program ! the item you received for the dollar you send the six names below is this letter and the right to earn thousands ! follow the simple instructions below exactly , and in three months you should receive over $ 800 , 000 ! ! ! $ 800 , 000 in less than 90 days ! ! ! guaranteed ! ! here is the business capital you need ! act now and be finacially solvent by the year 1999 ! ! this is a method of raising capital that really works every time , 100 percent . i ' m sure you could use the money in the next 20 to 90 day . s please study this carfully . this is not a chain letter ! this is a perfectly legal money making opportunity that will cost you a couple of rolls of stamps , a mailing list and six bucks . follow these instructions exactly and you will receive $ 800 , 000 in cash from business minded individuals just like yourself . 1 . immediately send $ 1 . 00 to each of the names below , and a note requesting you be added to their mailing lists . it is this important step that makes the system legal 2 . omit the name in the number 1 position and move each of the other names up one place ( number 2 becomes number 1 , number 3 becomes number 2 , 4 becomes number 3 etc . ) put your own name and address in the sixth position ( an easy way to do this is to type the six names , with your own name as number six , on a separate sheet of paper and tape over the area where the names are printed . ) 3 . print out 200 copies of these pages with the new list of names that you have created . your name now in the sixth position , in place of the current list of names . 4 . purchase a mailing list from the dataline co . or any other mail list sellers . most names list sell 200 names for only $ 26 . 00 . the best part is that the list of names come on self-adhesive labels that easily peel and stick to the envelope . just call 1-800 - 497-2912 . * * * mailing lists are also available from list associates at 1-888 - 359-2621 or mailing lists at 954-742 - 9519 . or check on the internet for other mail brokers . 5 . while waiting for the mailing list to arrive , place each of your 200 copies into business sized envelopes and seal them . go to the post office and purchase 200 . 32 cent stamps and place them on the envelopes . do not put your return address on the envelopes . . . this will peak the curiosity of the recipient . 6 . once your list arrives , place an address label on each of the 200 envelopes and drop them in the mailbox . within 20 to 90 days you will recieve over $ 800 , 000 in cash - and its all yours ! now comes the interesting part . . that 's with only a 7 . 5 % response rate ( which is very conservative . it 's more than possible to reach the amount every time ! ) the first time i participated my response rate was 9 . 5 % . my second was over 11 % 7 . keep this letter so you can use it as many times as you wish . using the addresses that people send you can raise the response rate because they also wish to conitine receiving more capital . * * this system was made for the purpose of accumulating capital fast and honestly . once again , this is not a chain letter , but perfectly legal ( refer to title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 of the united states postal and lottery laws ) . when you send out 200 copies of this letter , each responsive individual sends out 200 copies and send you $ 1 . 00 , thereby multiplying your fortune very rapidly ! examine the chart of how this system is the best in america for raising capital ! ! ! * * you mail 200 letters , multiply that by 7 . 5 % return rate = 15 people + $ 15 * * 15 people mail out 200 letters x 7 . 5 % = 225 people = $ 225 * * 225 people mail out 200 letters x 7 . 5 % = 3375 people = $ 3375 * * 3375 people mail out 200 letters x 7 . 5 % = 50 , 625 people = $ 50 , 625 * * 50 , 625 people mail 200 letters x 7 . 5 % = 759 , 375 people = $ 759 , 375 * * * at this point your name drops off the list , but so far you ' ve received $ 813 , 615 ! ! ! * be sure to mail $ 1 . 00 to each of teh six names on the list * 1 . john salinas 100 deseret dr . , pasco , wa 99301 2 . elizabeth potts 7714 west jenan dr , peoria , az 85345 3 . lavonda walton 4005 parkway apt . # 11 , temple hills , md 20748 4 . murry mcneal 316 rachels trail , st . peters , mo 63376 5 . joseph swenson 544 1 / 2 7th ave w . , kalispell , mt 59901 6 . suzy krogman po box 802167 , santa clarita , ca 91380 this system is guaranteed to work 100 percent of the time in raising capital , but , if you remove any other name aside from the one in the number one position , you will not be covered by the title 18 in the u . s . postal law . the best part about this is you won't be hurting anyone . it will take only about $ 100 to participate . it is legal , so make money honestly and start today !
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 243,""Subject: re : how 's it going ?
  
  keep reading to find out how you can . . . send out a bulk email advertisement for your business or web site to over 25 , 000 , 000 people on the internet for free ! you may shudder at the thought of bulk email . . but the simple truth is . . bulk email works ! if bulk email did n't work , then you wouldn ' t be reading this ! thousands of companies are sending out bulk email to dramatically maximize their profits ! why are n't you ? = = = > even fortune 500 companies send out bulk email to millions = = = > of people every single day for free ! ! with bulk email , you are reaching up to 250 , 000 people per day for free with an advertisement for your business or web page ! = > magma , a small computer board manufacturer made over $ 30 , 000 in new business by sending out to just 3 , 000 email addresses ! = > power promotions , an internet marketing company , claims to be making over $ 500 , 000 every single year in bulk email alone ! = > sanford wallace , founder of cyber promotions , told the world in an interview that his company is making over $ 1 , 000 , 000 every year through bulk email ! ! * * * * your competition is making a fortune with bulk email . . . * * * * why are n't you ? regardless of what you are selling . . . when you are promoting your business or web site to over 250 , 000 people every single day , there is no question that your business will dramatically improve ! = > if only 1 out of every 10 , 000 people order from your free bulk email advertisement , you will have 25 orders per day ! how much profit is this for you ? with bulk email , there is no advertising cost involved ! everything you sell is 100 % pure profit ! * * when you receive a bulk email advertisement , do you realize . . = > > millions of people all over the world received that same = > > bulk email advertisement ? ? the individual that sent out the = > > bulk email probably made a fortune from it ! * bulk email is free advertising to the masses ! there is no form of advertising that even comes close ! """" many business people are finding out that they can now advertise in ways that they never could have afforded in the past . the cost of sending mass e-mail is extremely low , and the response rate is high and quick . """" - usa today = = > why aren ' t - > you * * * comparison of bulk email vs conventional forms of advertising a bulk mailing to 50 , 000 , 000 people through the postal service will cost you about $ 25 , 000 , 000 . = > a web site banner advertisement to 50 , 000 , 000 people on the internet will cost you about $ 5 , 000 , 000 . = > a bulk emailing to 50 , 000 , 000 people on the internet will cost you nothing . bulk email is 100 % free ! do you have a web site ? if so , you probably spend hundreds of dollars and hours submitting your web site to : * newsgroups * search engines * online classifieds * banner advertising and still , you only receive a few hundred hits per day . . . a ) our web site opened on june 23rd , 1997 b ) we sent out a bulk email advertisement for our web site to 200 , 000 people that same day . c ) by the next morning , our counter indicated that we had received 12 , 763 hits in less than 24 hours ! you can expect the same , if not better results when advertising your web site to millions of people through bulk email for free ! * it is not uncommon to receive over 50 , 000 hits per day to your web site just by advertising through bulk email ! our web site is : = > not on any newsgroups = > not on any search engines = > not on any online classifieds = > not on any banner advertisements in fact , our web site is listed no where on the internet ! yet , we continue to receive over 20 , 000 hits every single day , simply by sending out bulk email for free ! * * do people actually buy anything from the internet ? a recent survey by survey net on the purchasing habits of internet users , indicates that : = > 50 % of people have purchased something from the internet = > 40 % of people have made several purchases from the internet = > 80 % of people like the idea of shopping on a computer = > 50 % of online purchases are computer / information related = > 20 % of people have purchased from the internet for the reason : """" i came across it and i liked it , so i bought it . """" now that you have seen how bulk email can dramatically maximize your business profits , you may be wondering . . . = > > how do i send out bulk email ? ? here at neuport internet marketing , we have created a simple to use , top of the line bulk email package , which contains everything you will ever need to send out bulk email to millions of people on the internet at the rate of up to 250 , 000 people per day for free ! our easy to follow , """" step by step """" bulk email instructions will guide you through the entire process of sending out bulk email to millions of people on the internet for free within minutes ! our bulk email software allows you to target your bulk email audience to an exact match , with over 25 , 000 different categories to choose from ! = = > country , city , hobbies , interests , employment , you name it , = = > you can target it ! * * want fresh , new , targeted email addresses ? with our bulk email package , we include all of the software you will ever need to extract over 500 , 000 targeted email addresses every single day from over 20 , 000 , 000 web sites and over 30 , 000 newsgroups worldwide ! ! * * post an advertisement to over 30 , 000 newsgroups for free ! ! our newsgroup bulk advertising software allows you to post a free advertisement for your business or web site to over 30 , 000 newsgroups each with a readership of up to 100 , 000 people each ! ! * * anyone with a computer can send out bulk email ! if you have a windows 3 . 0 + , 95 or nt based pc or a mac with softwindows and 5mb of disk space , then you have everything you will ever need to send out bulk email to over 50 , 000 , 000 people on the internet at the rate of up to 250 , 000 people per day for free ! all of our bulk email software runs in the background of windows ! while your bulk email is being sent out at the rate of up to 15 , 000 per hour , you will be able to continue using your computer with virtually no slow down ! ! * * readers will have no idea your advertisement is bulk email ! all bulk email you send out using our bulk email software will appear personalized with the recipients first name for each and every individual that receives it ! ( dear john , dear mary , etc . . ) the reader will have no idea that the same message they received from you , has been sent to millions and millions of people all over the world ! * * what will my internet provider think about bulk email ? you can send out bulk email using any internet service provider in the world ! ! our bulk email software allows you to send out bulk email to over 50 , 000 , 000 people on the internet at the rate of up to 250 , 000 people per day for free with little fear of ever losing your internet account ! thanks to our stealth encoding bulk email software , your email address will be automatically removed from the headers of all bulk email that you send out ! your internet provider will have practically no idea that you are sending out bulk email to millions and millions of people all over the world at the rate of up to 250 , 000 people per day for free ! you will never have to worry about receiving a single complaint from any and all of the bulk email that you send out ! our bulk email software automatically filters out and removes any and all complaints that you may receive ! and yes , bulk email is 100 % legal ! ! = > bulk email is unlike any other form of advertising ! with bulk email , you can expect a huge amount of orders within minutes of sending out your first bulk email advertisement ! * according to a recent find / svp survey , 41 % of people check their email daily ! with bulk email , we are talking instant orders ! - > if you send out an advertisement for your business or web page - > to 1 , 000 , 000 people and just 1 out of 10 , 000 people order , you - > will have 100 orders ! how much profit is this for you ? with bulk email you are reaching millions and millions of people for free at the rate of up to 250 , 000 people per day ! when you are reaching this many people , regardless of what you are selling , everything you sell is 100 % profit and you will succeed ! * * * neuport internet marketing presents : the bulk email package = > bulk email software with our bulk email software , you will have the ability to send out a personalized bulk email advertisement to over 50 , 000 , 000 people on the internet at the rate of up to 250 , 000 people per day for free ! = > newsgroup email extractor software : using our newsgroup email extractor software , you will have the ability to extract over 500 , 000 targeted email addresses every single day , from over 30 , 000 newsgroups each with a readership of up to 10 , 000 people each ! ! = > web email extractor software : using our web email extractor software , you will have the ability to extract millions of highly targeted email addresses from over 20 , 000 , 000 web sites worldwide ! ! = > newsgroup bulk advertising software : with our newsgroup bulk advertising software , with a click of the mouse , an advertisement for your business or web page will be posted free to over 30 , 000 newsgroups , each with a readership of up to 100 , 000 people each ! ! = > bulk email reader software : our bulk email reader software makes reading and responding to bulk email , simple and easy ! = > step by step bulk email instructions : we include simple , easy to follow , step by step instructions , which will guide you through the entire process of sending out bulk email to over 50 , 000 , 000 people on the internet for free ! even if you have never used a computer before , these instructions make sending out bulk email as easy as 1 - 2 - 3 ! = > the bulk email handbook : this book tells you everything that you ever wanted to know about bulk email ! you will learn how to write a successful bulk email marketing letter , how to handle the hundreds of orders you will be receiving from your bulk email , what sells best via bulk email , etc . . this book is a necessity for anyone involved in bulk email ! = > resale rights to 280 bulk email money making reports : you will be given the lifetime resale rights to reproduce , sell and distribute these amazing money making reports via bulk email at any price you wish ! = > unlimited customer & technical support : if you ever have any questions regarding our bulk email package , we have unlimited customer and technical support to assist you with any and all bulk email questions you may have ! our # 1 goal is customer satisfaction ! * * * * * you will receive everything above for only : $ 295 . 00 ! ! but wait ! if you order by sunday , december 14th , as a christmas special , we will temporarily slash the price of our bulk email package for a limited time to only $ 129 . 00 ! ! and if you order right now , we will throw in over 35 , 000 , 000 of the newest and freshest email addresses , which can be used in your bulk emailings , absolutely free ! ( $ 399 . 00 value ) we are so absolutely confident that our bulk email package will dramatically mazimize your business profits , that we are giving you 30 days to try out our bulk email package for free ! ! if your business does not increase by a minimum of 300 % within 30 days of purchasing our bulk email package , just email us and we will send you a full refund , no questions asked ! this is your only chance that you will ever have to ever try out bulk email for free ! we are the only bulk email company in the world which offers such an amazing risk free money back guarantee ! there are only a few more days until christmas ! now is the time to advertise ! ! billions of people all over the world are looking to spend massive amounts of money on christmas gifts ! ! * * * now is the time to dramatically maximize your profits ! ! we guarantee you will be sending out bulk email within 1 hour of ordering our bulk email package ! """" i have been able to make $ 3175 by promoting my company through direct email . this is only from sending out to about 12 , 000 people and selling a product which costs $ 25 . this is more than i had expected . """" = = richard schott - pasadena , ca """" within 10 days i was able to collect over 100 , 000 email addresses and make a profit of $ 4 , 000 . """" = = matt allen - omaha , ne """" i recently started a new business online . i stripped the email addresses of the aol and cis classifieds , i sent out 3 , 407 e-mail letters and got over 400 people to join my company in 5 days ! """" = = david sheenham - dallas , tx * * * bulk email package easy ordering instructions : you can order the bulk email package by credit card right now by calling us at : ( 707 ) 588-8895 once we receive your order , we will email you our web site url , which contains our entire bulk email package available for download ! you are guaranteed to be ready to send out bulk email using our bulk email package in under 1 hour of ordering ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if you would like to pay by us cash , cashier 's check , credit card , us money order , us personal check , or us bank draft by postal mail or fax , an ordering form is located below : * * please print out this form , fill in the blanks and send it * * along with payment of u . s . $ 129 . 00 to : neuport internet marketing 6585e commerce blvd suite # 281 rohnert park , ca 94928 united states of america company name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip / postal code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - > if you would like to pay by credit card , please fill in the following blanks : credit card type ( amex not accepted ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ credit card number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ if you would like to order by fax with your credit card as payment , please print out this ordering form , fill in all of the blanks and fax this ordering form to : ( 707 ) 588-8868 note : if you send payment via postal mail , to receive the $ 129 . 00 price for our bulk email package , your order must be postmarked by monday , december 15th . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * this is a one-time mailing . you will not be emailed again . * * * * * * your email address will never be sold to anyone .
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 244,""Subject: best kept """" secrets """" finally exposedwhat computer stores do n't want you to know is that a well made ,
  
  state of the art computer , does n't have to be expensive . you can have a new , powerful , intel pentium computer directly from us , built with all quality components at the lowest possible prices in years . unbelievable , but true ! imagine , $ 1247 for a 233 mhz mmx pentium computer with mmx = 20 technology ! the perfect computer for home , school or business use . but buckle up , because this computer absolutely flies ! it features an = intel = 20 pentium processor matched with the latest """" tx """" intel chipset motherboard for performance that is nothing short of spectacular . please note this computer is absolutely brand new ( not = refurbished ) = 20 and they feature intel pentium processors exclusively ( not cheap substitutes like amd or cyrix ) . our computers have more memory , more power , and more speed for your money . they come loaded with : * 20 speed cd - rom * 33 . 6 fax / modem for fast internet access * a large , fast 2 . 1 gb hard drive * 16 mb of ram * 512 kb pipeline burst cache * top quality motherboard with intel tx chipset ( very important ) = = 20 * 64 bit mpeg video with 2 mb ram * 3d sound with 80 watt speakers * 104 key windows 95 keyboard and mouse * windows 95 cd installed = 20 = 20 want 32 mb ram for intense demanding jobs ? add $ 49 . need a larger hard drive ? upgrade to a 4 . 3 gb for only $ 49 want a 24 speed cd - rom ? add $ 25 upgrade to a 56k fax / modem for only $ 25 add iomega 100mb zip drive for only $ 97 a low price without quality does n't mean much ! ! ! does it ? that 's why we design and manufacture our computers to last well into the next century . we do n't skimp on anything . we build our computers for you carefully , one at a time ( a far cry from the assembly line mentality = of : slap it together and hope it works ) . we test each and every computer for at least 72 hours , so they work flawlessly right out of the box . no large company can afford to do that . nor are they willing to ! consider a reader 's survey by pc world magazine in the june ' 97 issue . = 20 they found more than half of their readers experienced problems with = 20 brand name computers they recently bought . they titled the article , = 20 """" when bad pcs happen to good people . """" the conclusion is obvious : dealing = with a large company does n't assure you of getting a dependable = computer . you are not just a number to us . the technician who builds your computer , custom configures it exactly how you want it - just right for you . he even knows your name since it gets programmed into the computer when he optimizes it for speed and performance . and you ' ll know his name too , because he signs his name to your computer . this guarantees it has been built to the best of his ability and ready for your computing pleasure . there is nothing for you to do except plug it in and turn it on . that 's all ! remember , our computers work flawlessly right out of = the box . p . s . special bonus if you order now ! brand new 15 """" monitor for only $ 197 = or a 17 """" moniter for only $ 397 , your choice with the purchase of = any computer . = 20 we selected these amazingly sharp and clear . 28 svga monitors = as the perfect = 20 match for your new computer . they have a full three year = warranty . let us build the best for you - for less . = 20 call computer physician , inc . today for details at ( 215 ) 836 - 0293 = 20 business hours are 7am - 10pm est 7 days a week if you would prefer not to recieve future e - mails , please join our = 20 unsubscribe list by e - mailing us at woody @ mail-man . net include as the body of your e - mail - remove your _ e - mail _ address ( c ) copyright 1997 computer physician , inc . all rights reserved .
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 245,""Subject: free live video sex
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * attention video sex lovers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * never pay for video sex ever again . brand new totally free live video = sex website . come check out unlimited live video sex channels ! www . cum - 2 - me-baby . com
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 246,""Subject: domani
  
  new improved with free software , free bulk e mail system , free web site = to do what you wish , ongoing support ( optional ) , and a lot more ! all = included . . . . . . . . . . . this is a one time mailing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ $ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ = \ \ \ \ \ you are about to make at least $ 50 , 000 in less than 90 days read the enclosed program . . . then read it again . . . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / / dear friend , the enclosed information is something i almost let slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . my name is christopher erickson . two years ago , the corporation i worked at for the past twelve years down-sized and my position was eliminated . after unproductive job interviews , i decided to open my own business . over the past year , i incurred many unforeseen financial problems . i owed my family , friends , and creditors over $ 35 , 000 . the economy was taking a toll on my business and i just could n't seem to make ends meet . i had to refinance and borrow against my home to support my family and struggling business . i truly believe it was wrong for me to be in debt like this . at that moment something significant happened in my life and i am writing to share my experience in hopes that this will change your life forever . . . . financially ! ! ! in mid - december , i received this program via email . six months prior to receiving this program i had been sending away for information on various business opportunities . all of the programs i received , in my opinion , were not cost effective . they were either too difficult for me to comprehend or the initial investment was too much for me to risk to see if they worked or not . one claimed i 'd make a million dollars in one year . . . it did n't tell me i 'd have to write a book to make it . but like i was saying , in december of ' 92 i received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off a mailing list . thank goodness for that ! ! ! after reading it several times , to = make sure i was reading it correctly , i could n't believe my eyes . = 20 here was a money-making phenomenon . i could invest as much as i wanted = to start , without putting me further in debt . after i got a pencil and paper and figured it out , i would at least get my money back . after determining that the program is legal and not a chain letter , i decided """" why not """" . initially i sent out 10 , 000 emails . it only cost me about $ 15 . 00 for my time on-line . the great thing about email is that i did n't need any money for printing to send out the program , only the cost to fulfill my orders . i am telling you like it is , i hope it does n't turn you off , but i promised myself that i would not """" rip-off """" anyone , no matter how much money it cost me ! . in less than one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by january 13th , i had received 26 orders for report # 1 . when you read the guarantee in the program , you will see that """" you must receive = 15 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks . if you don ' t , send out = more programs until you do ! """" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in 20 to = 90 days was done . by january 30th , i had received 196 orders for report = # 2 . if you go back to the guarantee , """" you must receive 100 or more orders for report # 2 within two weeks . if not , send out more = programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , = relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goal . """" well , i had 196 orders for = report # 2 , 96 more than i needed . so i sat back and relaxed . by march = 19th , of my emailing of 10 , 000 , i received $ 58 , 000 with more coming in = every day . i paid off all my debts and bought a much needed new car . please take time to read the attached program , it will change your life forever ! remember , it wont work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place . it does n't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! report # 2 explains this . = 20 always follow the guarantee , 15 to 20 orders for report # 1 , and 100 or more orders for report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or more in 20 to 90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i ' m sorry . it really is a great opportunity with little cost or risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to financial security . if you are a fellow business owner and you are in financial trouble like i was , or you want to start your own business , consider this a sign . i did ! sincerely , christopher erickson ps do you have any idea what 11 , 700 $ 5 bills ( $ 58 , 000 ) look like piled up on a kitchen table ? it ' s awesome ! """" threw it away """" """" i had received this program before . i threw it away , but later wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to contact to get a copy , so i had to wait until i was emailed another copy of the program . eleven months passed , then it came . i didn ' t throw this one away . i made $ 41 , 000 on the first try . """" dawn w . , evansville , in """" no free lunch """" """" my late father always told me , ' remember , alan , there is no free lunch in life . you get out of life what you put into it . ' through trial and error and a somewhat slow frustrating start , i finally figured it out . the program works very well , i just had to find the right target group of people to email it to . so far this year , i have made over $ 63 , 000 using this program . i know my dad would have been very proud of me . """" alan b . , philadelphia , pa a personal note from the originator of this program by the time you have read the enclosed information and looked over the enclosed program and reports , you should have concluded that such a program , and one that is legal , could not have been created by an amateur . let me tell you a little about myself . i had a profitable business for ten years . then in 1979 my business began falling off . i was doing the same things that were previously successful for me , but it was n't working . finally , i figured it out . it was n't me , it was the economy . inflation and recession had replaced the stable economy that had been with us since 1945 . i do n't have to tell you what happened to the unemployment rate . . . because many of you know from first hand experience . there were more failures and bankruptcies than ever before . the middle class was vanishing . those who knew what they were doing = invested wisely and moved up . those who did not , including those who = never had anything to save or invest , were moving down into the ranks of = the poor . as the saying goes , """" the rich get richer and the poor get = poorer . """" the traditional methods of making money will never allow you = to """" move up """" or """" get rich """" , inflation will see to that . you have just received information that can give you financial freedom for the rest of your life , with """" no risk """" and """" just a little bit of effort . """" you can make more money in the next few months than you have = ever imagined . i should also point out that i will not see a penny of your money , nor anyone else who has provided a testimonial for this program . i have already made over four million dollars ! i have retired from the program after sending out over 16 , 000 programs . now i have several offices which market this and several other programs here in the us and overseas . by the spring , we wish to market the ' internet ' by a partnership with america on line . follow the program exactly as instructed . do not change it in any way . = it works exceedingly well as it is now . remember to email a copy of = this exciting program to everyone that you can think of . one of the people you send this to may send out 50 , 000 . . . and your name will be on every one of them ! . remember though , the more you send out , the = more potential customers you will reach . so my friend , i have given you the ideas , information , materials and opportunity to become financially independent , it is up to you now ! """" think about it """" before you delete this program from your mailbox , as i almost did , take a little time to read it and really think about it . get a pencil and figure out what could happen when you participate . figure out the worst possible response and no matter how you calculate it , you will still make a lot of money ! definitely get back what you invested . = 20 any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . it works ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc here ' s how this amazing program will make you $ $ $ $ $ $ let 's say that you decide to start small , just to see how it goes , and we ' ll assume you and all those involved send out 2 , 000 programs each . let 's also assume that the mailing receives a . 5 % response . using a good list the response could be much better . also many people will send out hundreds of thousands of programs instead of 2 , 000 . but continuing with this example , you send out only 2 , 000 programs . with a . 5 % response , that is only 10 orders for report # 1 . those 10 people respond by sending out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 20 , 000 . out of those . 5 % , 100 people respond and order report # 2 . those 100 mail out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 200 , 000 . the . 5 % response to that is 1 , 000 orders for report # 3 . those 1 , 000 send out 2 , 000 programs each for a 2 , 000 , 000 total . the . 5 % response to that is 10 , 000 orders for report # 4 . that 's 10 , 000 five dollar bills for you . cash ! ! ! ! your total income in this example is $ 50 + $ 500 + $ 5000 + $ 50 , 000 for a total of $ 55 , 550 ! ! ! ! remember friend , this is assuming 1 , 990 out of 2 , 000 people you mail to = will do absolutely nothing . . . and trash this program ! dare to think for = a moment what would happen if everyone or half sent out 100 , 000 programs instead of only 2 , 000 . believe me , many people will do = that and more ! by the way , your cost to participate in this is = practically nothing . you obviously already have an internet connection and email is free ! ! ! report # 3 will show you the best methods for bulk emailing and purchasing email lists . this is a legitimate , legal , money making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house except to get the mail . if you believe that someday you ' ll get that big break that you ' ve been waiting for , this is it ! simply follow the instructions , and your dream will come true . this multi-level email order marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time . email is the sales tool of the future . take advantage of this non-commercialized method of advertising now ! ! the longer you wait , the more people will be doing business using email . get your piece of this action ! ! multi-level marketing ( mlm ) has finally gained respectability . it is = being taught in the harvard business school , and both stanford research and the wall street journal have stated that between 50 % and = 65 % of all goods and services will be sold throughout multi - level methods by the mid to late 1990 's . this is a multi - billion dollar industry and of the 500 , 000 millionaires in the us , 20 % ( 100 , 000 ) made their fortune in the last several years in mlm . moreover , statistics show 45 people become millionaires everyday through multi - level marketing . instructions we at erris mail order marketing business , have a method of raising capital that really works 100 % every time . i am sure that you could use = $ 50 , 000 to $ 125 , 000 in the next 20 to 90 days . before you say """" bull """" , please read the program carefully . this is not a chain letter , but a perfectly legal money making opportunity . basically , this is what we do : as with all multi-level business , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the usa allows you to recruit new multi - level business partners , and we offer a product for every dollar sent . your orders come and are filled through the mail , so you are not = involved in personal selling . you do it privately in your own home , = store or office . this is the greatest multi - level mail order marketing anywhere : step ( 1 ) order all four 4 reports listed by name and number . dothis by ordering the report from each of the four 4 names listed on the next page . for each report , send $ 5 cash and a self - addressed , stamped envelope ( business size # 10 ) = to the person listed for the specific report . international = = 20 orders should also include $ 2 extra for postage . it is essential that you specify the name and number of the report requested to the person you are ordering from . you will need all four 4 reports because you will be reprinting and reselling them . do not alter the names or sequence other than what the instructions say . important : always provide same-day service on all orders . step ( 2 ) replace the name and address under report # 1 with yours , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . drop the name and address under report # 2 to report # 3 , moving the one that was there to report # 4 . the name and address that was under report # 4 is dropped from the list and this party is no doubt on the way to the bank . when doing this , make certain you type the names and addresses accurately ! do not mix up moving product / report positions ! ! ! step ( 3 ) having made the required changes in the name list , save it as a text ( . txt ) file in it 's own directory to be used with whatever email program you like . again , report # 3 will tell you the best methods of bulk emailing and acquiring email lists . step ( 4 ) email a copy of the entire program ( all of this is very important ) to everyone whose address you can get your hands on . start with friends and relatives since you can encourage them to take advantage of this fabulous = 20 money-making opportunity . that 's what i did . and they love me now , more than ever . then , email to anyone and everyone ! use your imagination ! you can get email addresses from companies on the internet who specialize in email mailing lists . these are very cheap , 100 , 000 addresses for around $ 35 . 00 . important : you won't get a good response if you use an old list , so always request a fresh , new list . you will find out where to purchase these lists when you order the four 4 reports . always provide same-day service on all orders ! ! ! required reports * * * order each report by number and name * * * always send a self-addressed , stamped envelope and $ 5 usd cash for each order requesting the specific report by name and number ( international orders should also include $ 2 usd extra for postage ) = 20 add you e amil address when sending in for your report this is for = updated information and continueing support ( optional ) that will be = handed down by you sponcers . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """" order report # 1 from : a . siegmund # 57 trakehnenstr . 13 53332 bornheim , germany _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """" major corporations and multi-level sales """" j . maz 15774 s . lagrange rd suite # 312 orland pk , il 60462 usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ order report # 2 from : a . siegmund # 57 trakehnenstr . 13 53332 bornheim , germany _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """" sources for the best mailing lists """" order report # 3 from : b . thompson 13504 greencaslte ridge tr . 404 burtonsville md . 20866 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """" evaluating multi-level sales plans """" order report # 4 from : muw # 2 po box 71442 salt lake city , ut 84171-0442 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conclusion . i am enjoying my fortune that i made by sending out this program . you too , will be making money in 20 to 90 days , if you follow the simple steps outlined in this mailing . to be financially independent is to be free . free to make financial decisions as never before . go into business , get into investments , retire or take a vacation . = 20 = = = = = = 20
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 247,""Subject: bulk email for profit
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = 20 mail thousands of email messages per hour - no kidding ! ! send your email messages out , at 1 , 000 's messages / hour ( 28 . 8k modem ) yes , 1 , 000 's of messages an hour * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * millions of email addresses * * * * * * * * $ 100 . 00 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * you ' ll receive 2 high-speed email software programs introducing . . . . """" floodgate bulk email loader """" = 20 and . . . . """" goldrush stealth mass mailer """" this is the same software that all bulk emailing services use ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - floodgate bulk email loader version 5 . 2 and goldrush stealth mass mailer version 3 . 215 for windows 95 and windows 3 . 1 now supports 17 = 20 ( really more with the free form filter ) file formats - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - send out 20 , 000 + marketing letters every single day ! or . . . every few days . in fact , when i send out just a few thousand = marketing letters each day , it does n't take long before i ' m completely = swamped with email inquiries and phone calls . this is very easy to do . = and each one of these bulk mailings costs me nothing . i can teach you = how to do this and provide you with the tools you ' ll need . if you ' ve got a good marketing letter , i ' ll show you how to open the = floodgates . you ' ll be deluged with inquiries , leads , and real sales , = using nothing but email alone . writing a good marketing letter is not easy . i often have to rewrite my = marketing letters a half dozen times before i get the results i ' m = looking for . but once you have a good letter , as you probably know , you = can use the same letter over and over again , predictably and = consistently , closing sales , week after week , month after month . it takes me about one hour to send my marketing letter to thousands of = fresh email addresses . i can do this , thanks to a windows program i use . = it 's called floodgate and goldrush stealth mass mailer . it 's a bulk = email loader and an email software program . if you ' re interested in = electronic marketing , you should know about these programs . program # 1 : floodgate for windows the floodgate bulk email loader imports simple text files that anyone = can download from compuserve , prodigy , delphi genie , or the internet . = these text files contain classified ads , forum messages , or data from = the member directory . each of these files is filled with email = addresses . floodgate is designed to read these files and strip out the email = addresses . it then sorts the addresses , removes any duplicates , and = formats them into an output file , with 10 , 20 or 30 addresses per line . = this is all done in one simple step . just point and click . you ' ll need either a windows based internet account or an america = on - line account to send out your marketing letters . neither aol nor the = internet charges to send email . send your letter to 1 , 000 people or = 10 , 000 people - - the cost is always the same . nothing ! new ! prepare a mailing of 50 , 000 + = 20 in less than a 1 / 2 hour if you open an internet account , you can send each letter to 20 , 000 + = people . the new floodgate now directly writes distribution lists . some = people are always collecting new addresses , but if you publish a = newsletter or adsheet , you ' ll be using the same addresses over and over = again . that 's real power ! when using addresses you ' ve previously = collected , you can press a few buttons and prepare a mailing of 50 , 000 + = in less than a half hour . ( to get a list of all the internet access providers in your local = calling area goto : http : / / thelist . com and click on your area code . ) the floodgate users guide will teach you , step by step , how to download = the right files , how to strip the addresses , and finally , how to cut and = paste the formatted addresses into your marketing letter . or , if you = have an internet account , how to create distribution lists . one you ' ve = done this a few times you won't even have to think . it 's that simple ! for the brave & daring : pushing technology to its limits as you may know , the practice of sending unsolicited email is usually = frowned upon , and most service providers have rules against it . but , = like jay-walking , there is little enforcement . it 's not illegal . if = someone tells you that it is , ask them to provide the citation ( and = do n't let them give you some nonsense about faxes - that 's not email ) . = they can't do it because it 's not there . sometimes , when a lot of people = complain , i get a warning letter . and that 's about it . about 1 in 200 will write back and tell me , """" take me off the list """" , = which i can do , thanks to floodgates remove list feature . many people = reply back thanking me for sending them my informative letter . that 's = always nice . most people though , just reply and say , """" send me more = info . """" in this way , it usually takes me two or three letters to close a = sale . the floodgate users guide will provide you with proven formats for = writing a successful marketing letter . you ' ll test and rewrite , test and = rewrite . then , once you ' ve got it , just push a few buttons , and open the = floodgates ! ! ! the floodgate bulk email loader currently supports 17 + file formats 1 . compuserve classifieds : send your marketing letter to everyone who is = running a classified ad . i ' ll teach you how to download all the = classifieds from any single ad category . this is one of the most = responsive list of buyers . they check their email every day and they ' re = already in business . 2 . america on - line classifieds : download 1 , 000 addresses in 15 minutes . = these are excellent lists for business to business sales . 3 . compuserve forums : you can join a forum and download hundreds of = forum messages in a matter of minutes . 4 . america on - line forums : choose from dozens of forums . all good = targeted lists . 5 . prodigy forums : prodigy allows you to easily export any group of = forum messages . more targeted lists . 6 . internet newsgroups : these are all targeted lists . you ' ll be able to = send your marketing letter to everyone who posts a message in any = newsgroup . easily collect 1 , 000 's of addresses per hour . 7 . america on - line member directory : most member directories only allow = you to search by city and state . with aol , you can search by business = type , hobbies , computer type , etc . this is the gem of all member directories . build huge targeted lists . 8 . compuserve member directory : this is a major resource . if you ' re = willing to target your mailing to a single city , you can collect about = 1 , 000 email addresses an hour . 9 . delphi member directory : the delphi member directory allows you to = search for people based on key words . these are good targeted mailing = lists . a single search can easily generate 5 , 000 addresses . 10 . genie member directory : similar to the compuserve member directory , = only you can download names much quicker . you can easily pull hundreds = of thousands of addresses out of each of these member directories . 11 . compuserve file cabinet : if you run classified ads , and save the = responses in the cim file cabinet , you ' ll be able to easily reuse these = addresses . you can send your marketing letter to everyone in any single = folder . build master lists and clean up your hard drive . 12 . free form : if you have a text file with email addresses that = floodgate does not support , chances are the free form filter will be = just what you need . just enter a key word to search for . 13 . compuserve form profiles ( forum membership directories ) : easy to = build targeted lists here . each search can easily bring you 500 + addresses . 14 . genie profiles : if you ' re building targeted lists , you ' ll get a lot = of addresses very quickly from genie . 15 . plain addresses : read floodgate master files back into floodgate to = merge files and do selective mailings . also useful for the management of = email address lists that you might purchase . floodgate also has filters to allow you to include or exclude any groups = of addresses in your final distribution lists . for example , you could = include only email addresses that ended in . com or exclude all with = . gov . you could exclude all noc , root , and other addresses that almost = guarantee a negative response . these filters are fully configurable and = can be used together . build reusable master files floodgate maintains master files for each of your marketing letters . if = you download from the same place on a regular basis , you only want to = send your letter to the new people . floodgate will compare the new = addresses with those in the master file , and prepare a mailing list of = only new people . the new addresses are , of course , then added to the = master file . with each new mailing your master file grows and grows . you may create as many master lists as you need . when you start a new = marketing campaign , you ' ll want to send your new letter to everyone on = your master list . if you write a newsletter , each time you send your = newsletter , you ' ll send it to everyone on a master list . the remove list very often , people will reply and tell you to take them off your mailing = list . place these addresses in the remove . mst file and they will never = receive another letter from you again . in this way , you will be = operating your business with the most professionalism possible . don ' t be fooled we have some new competitors that have tried to copy floodgate . the = following list describes why floodgate is better . . . . . . . * * floodgate is a mature , bug free product . not an initial release . * * floodgate comes with over 100 pages of step by step = documentation . * * floodgate is the only one offering a money back guarantee . * * floodgate has more testimonials . = 20 * * filter for filter , floodgate offers more capabilities , way more . = 20 * * floodgate does everything all the others * combined * claim . = 20 * * floodgate is by far the easiest to use . * * there is no * cutting and pasting * with floodgate . = 20 * * we have by far , the best technical support . some quick math floodgate can pay for itself in a few days . it can also cut your = advertising costs down to almost nothing . think of what the competition = will do when they get their floodgate program . do n't be left in the dust = - there are 75 million people out there , just a few keystrokes away . = let 's do the math : - email 50 , 000 sales letters ( takes about 1 - 2 hours ) - let 's say your product will bring you $ 5 profit per sale . - let 's also say you only get a 1 % response ( occasionally higher ) . * that 's 500 orders x $ 5 = 3d $ 2 , 500 profit ! ! now imagine what 500 , 000 = letters would do for your business ! ! what can i market on-line ? you can market anything on-line using direct email , that can be marketed = using conventional postal direct mail marketing . the possibilities are = practically endless . if it sells off-line , you can sell it on-line . easy to install and easy to learn the floodgate email loader requires windows . the supplied manual tells = you where to go , what to do , and how to do it . all you need are basic = computer skills that can be learned with a little practice or help from = our computer savvy technicians . program # 2 : goldrush stealth mass mailer do not get this program confused with other slow speed programs that = call themselves """" stealth """" . this program is the only one in the world = that can send email out at high speeds with one single connection to the = internet . = 20 this is new , cutting edge email technology . first of it 's kind . . the = most powerful bulk email sender in the world . . nothing can even come = close ! = 20 thanks to our top programmer 's , this technology is now available and we = are the only place you can get it from ! = 20 * only """" one """" dial-up or isdn connection needed . = 20 * no more terminated connections . = 20 * no more waiting to send large amounts of email . = 20 * immediate response to your mass mailings . = 20 * you will have all the control and confidence of = 20 sending email the way it should be sent . . . in huge amounts ! = 20 * send your whole list in one day , whether it be 500 , 000 = 20 or 5 million - and just sit back and wait for your = 20 orders to pour in . = 20 * no more downloading undeliverable names . bulk emailer 's dream come true ! ! ! - > > > goldrush stealth mass mailer connect to multiple mail servers ( 20 or more ) , make multiple connections = to a single server or any combination of the two ( all simultaneously ) = with one single dial-up connection . = 20 send multiple simultaneous mailings . . . = 20 view complete details about your mailings . shows each server your = connected to , the status of that connection , how many messages are going = out through that connection , etc . . . we show you all the tricks all the mass e-mailers do n't want you to = know . . . = 20 here are just a few features the goldrush stealth mass mailer offers to = you . . . = 20 * forge the header - message id - isp 's will spin their wheels . = 20 * add 's a bogus authenticated sender to the header . = 20 * add 's a complete bogus received from / received by line with = 20 real time / date stamp and recipient to the header . = 20 * does not require a valid pop account be entered in order to = 20 send your mailings . = 20 * easy to use and operate = 20 * plus much more ! = 20 all this , at speeds of up to 1 , 000 's messages / hour ( 28 . 8k modem ) . = 20 special introductory price . . . = 20 now you can have both the floodgate and = 20 goldrush stealth mass mailer for just $ 499 . 00 ! = 20 update . . . save $ 149 . 05 and order now , be one of the first 100 orders ! = 20 step up to the plate and play with the big boys today and receive the = complete 2 software package for the unbelievably low price of only = $ 349 . 95 ! = 20 ( other bulk email software has sold for as much as $ 2 , 500 and can't even = come close to the cutting edge technology of ease , accuracy and speed = . . . speed . . . speed ! ) = 20 try the goldrush stealth mass mailer & floodgate bulk email loader for = 10 days free . = 20 and receive unlimited technical support for 30 days . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * millions of email addresses millions and millions of email addresses cd with millions of email addresses separated by domain name . all addresses are simple text format one per line . addresses from the following domains : pipleline , msn , mci , juno , delphi , genie , aol , compuserve , internet , . com & . net , millions of them ! not available on diskette or download . want the millions of addresses for $ 100 . 00 ? just buy our floodgate / goldrush software package ( with all the bonuses included ) , and the millions of addresses are yours for just $ 100 . 00 additional . these addresses will be delivered to you in simple text files that any bulk emailing program can use , on cd rom . with this cd , you can begin making money immediately ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * special bonus # 1 : * * * stop losing isp dial up accounts ! = 20 if you order the floodgate / goldrush software within the next 5 days - = when you receive your program , you will also receive : = 20 * complete instructions on """" how to keep your dial up account from = showing up in the header """" , plus everything you will need to get started = doing this . = 20 important notice ! we will initially only be offering 100 copies of the = program for sale , first come / first served basis only . we are doing = this because of the extreme power that these programs offer . * * * special bonus # 2 * * * = 20 when you receive your two programs , you will also receive : over 250 reprint and resell rights reports you can start to market and make money immediately ! ! ! = 20 these hot sellers include : = 20 1 ) how to get a top rating in the search engines = 20 2 ) 70 money making reports = 20 3 ) 75 money making plans & trade secrets and much much more ! ! ! = 20 ( $ 200 retail value - free ! ! ! ) = 20 * * * special bonus # 3 * * * with your two software programs , you will also receive our new """" address = grabber """" utility program that enables you to grab 100 's of thousands of = email addresses from newsgroups in minutes ( $ 100 retail value - free ) . * * * special bonus # 4 * * * receive checks by email , phone or fax machine . with this software program , you can receive payment for your product or service instantly ! ! there is no more waiting for your customers chec to arrive . this software will no doubt , add to your sales , for customers who do n't have credit cards , as well as the impulse buyers . with this software , you can print up your payments as soon as your customer gives you his / her checking information . you will then add the information given , to the proper blank check spaces , then just print and go to the bank ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to get your free demo and """" test drive """" our state-of - the-art software , = 20 fax us your email address and request to : = 09 1-561 - 966-6839 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * hurry . . . reserve yours today ! = 20 so , if you are interested in taking advantage of the most powerful bulk = 20 email software in the world and start making money hand over fist . . . . . print out the ez order form below and fax or mail it to our office . if you have any questions do n't hesitate to call us at : 1-561 - 965-6139 system requirements 386 or larger windows 95 or windows 3 . 1 with 8 meg ram extra 5 mb hard drive space floodgate & goldrush can be run on a fast mac with 24 mb ram and = softwindows . notes from satisfied users """" it is everything you said it was . within one week of my first mailing , = i received a record number of orders . all you need to print money is a = decent sales letter . thanks . """" randy albertson , wolverine capital . """" after using floodgate and your utility program all day today , let me = say these are as two of the finest programs i have ever bought in my 52 = years ! your support has been superb . thank you ! """" vernon hale , prime data = systems """" my first day and i just used floodgate and pegasus to send 1 , 469 sales = letters . so far i ' ve got about 25 positive responses . it works great ! ! ! = thanks . """" donald prior """" floodgate is awesome ! . i recently started a new business on-line . i = stripped the addresses of the aol & cis classifieds . i sent out 3 , 497 = email letters and got over 400 people to join my company in 5 days ! = needless to say , it pays for itself . """" david sheeham , ompd """" i was able to use floodgate to extract the names from the internet news = groups . it works perfectly . needless to say , i am very excited about the = use of this new technology . """" mark eberra , inside connections """" this is a great piece of software and an invaluable marketing tool . """" = joe kuhn , the millennium group """" i just thought you 'd like to know that this program is fantastic . after = loading it on my system , i wanted to test it out . in my first hour of = using this , i collected 6 , 092 email addresses ! """" richard kahn , ld = communications """" i just love the floodgate program . it saves me hours and hours of time . = this is the beginning of a wonderful fun time marketing on-line . thank = you so much for writing this program . """" beth o'neill , eudora , ks """" your software is brilliant , and from the technical support i ' ve = received , i can see you have a genuine love and respect of = people . . . floodgate is a divine package . wish i had found it sooner . """" tom = sanders , peoria , il """" i really like the way the floodgate software package works . it is very = easy to use , and really does the trick . it has already saved me an = incredible amount of time and energy . """" john berning , jr . , fairfield , nj """" it 's going great with floodgate ! i like using delphi . i just collected = 50 , 000 + addresses within 20 minutes on-line . """" richard kahn , r&b = associates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - e - z order form : please print out this order form and fill in the blanks . . . . . . please send order form and check or money order , payable to : ted keller p . o . box 741342 boynton beach , fl 33474-1342 ( 561 ) - 965-6139 _ _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to try your cutting-edge software so that i can = advertise my business to thousands of people on-line whenever i like ! i = understand that i have 10 days to trial the software . if i am not fully = delighted , i will cheerfully be refunded the purchase price , no = questions asked ! please rush me the floodgate and goldrush package now ! _ _ _ _ _ _ i am ordering within 72 hours ! that qualifies me to receive the = floodgate and goldrush package at a substantial discount ! i am ordering = both software packages for only $ 349 . 95 . ( save $ 150 off the retail = price . . . . software has sold for as much as $ 2 , 499 . 95 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ i am ordering within 72 hours ! that qualifies me to receive = unlimited technical support for 30 days . _ _ _ _ _ _ i want to receive the package overnight . i ' m including $ 18 . 00 for = shipping charges . _ _ _ _ _ _ i want to receive the package 2nd day . i ' m including $ 10 . 00 = ( includes insurance & return receipt ) for shipping charges . _ _ _ _ _ _ i ' m ordering floodgate / goldrush software and want to order the = millions of email addresses as well . my additional cost is $ 100 . 00 = enclosed . _ _ _ _ _ _ i ' m not ordering your floodgate / goldrush software , but i want to order your millions of email addresses on cd . enclosed is = $ 249 . 00 . ( checks : allow 1 week for bank clearance ) your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your position _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email addresses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * we accept checks , money orders , mastercard , visa , american express . you can either mail your order to = 20 us or fax your order to : ( 561 ) - 966-6839 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * today 's date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 visa _ _ _ _ mastercard _ _ _ _ american express _ _ _ _ discover _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 card # : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 billing address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 amount to be charged : $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i agree to pay ted keller an additional $ 29 fee if my check is returned = for insufficient or uncollectable funds . signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please send all order forms and check or money order to payable to : ted keller p . o . box 741342 boynton beach , fl 33474-1342 ( 561 ) - 965-6139 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * or : please paste your check here ( if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check = by mail . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from = your original check that you faxed to us ) please fax the above order form and check to : 1-561 - 966-6839 = 19 = 02osine - gw
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 248,""Subject: xxx adult sex ! ! !
  
  the largest selection of hot beautiful xxx live girls from the u . s . a . & europe ! ! ! = 20 voted as the 1998 best adult site ! = 20 * live girl sex shows ! ! ! * 4 free live video feeds & chatrooms ! ! ! = 20 * free erotic stories ! ! * free pictures of xxx porn stars ! ! * confessions ! ! ! * free pictures of teens & men ! ! ! and lots more to do for free ! ! ! * real live sex ! ! ! must see to believe this show ! ! never seen before on = the internet ! you must be 21 or older . http : / / www . pscsurprise . com aol click here ! = 20 if you take offense to this email & wish to be taken off our list , or = would like to know how you can win free time on our sex shows or cash prizes = monthly simply e-mail us at : mwa234 @ hotmail . com we are sorry for any inconvie
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 249,""Subject: have a dream ? need money ?
  
  let me show how this plan can work for you , as it has for so many = people . $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ = 20 you are about to make at least $ 50 , 000 in less than 90 days ! = 20 very minimum outlay & enormous return go ahead , just try it ! ! you have absolutely nothing to lose ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this electronic marketing program works perfectly . . . . . . . the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . initially i let no one in the organization know that i was an attorney and , to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , philip a . brown dear friend , just so you know , i tested this opportunity by sending out a few emails to see what kind of response i would get . it is a matter of you doing the same . the response i have received is amazing . just try it and you will more than reap your money back . it can be started with very little investment and the income return is tremendous and exciting ! ! ! = 20 there 's nothing like getting money in the mail ! god bless , = 20 * * * please print this now for future reference * * * this is a money - making phenomenon ! = 20 print this letter , read the program . . . then just try it ! ! ! you are looking at a very profitable and unique program . it has = demonstrated and proven to generate large sums of money . this program is showing fantastic appeal with a huge and ever growing population which needs additional income . this is a legitimate legal money-making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail . if you believe that some day you will get that lucky break that you have been waiting for , this is it ! simply follow the easy instructions , and your dream will come true ! = 20 thousands of people have used this program to raise capital = 20 to start their own business , pay off debts , buy homes , cars , etc . , even retire ! this is your chance , so do n't pass it up ! overview of this extraordinary electronic marketing program ; basically , this is what we do : we sell thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs us next to nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all network businesses , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new business online ( with your computer ) . the product in this program is a series of four businesses and financial reports . each $ 5 . 00 order you receive by """" snail mail """" will include the e-mail address of the sender . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s it ! . . . the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the greatest electronic marketing business anywhere ! > > > > > follow the instructions exactly ! let 's face it , the profits are worth it ! they ' re tremendous ! ! ! so go for it . remember the 4 points and we ' ll see you at the top ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n = s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports listed and numbered from the list below . for = each report send $ 5 . 00 cash , your e-mail address and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to each person listed . when you order , make sure you request each specific report . you will need all four reports , because you will be saving them on your computer and reselling them . 2 . important - - do not alter the names , or their sequence other = than instructed in this program ! or you will not profit the way you = should . the name and address under report # 1 with yours , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . move the name and address under report # 2 to report # 3 . move the name and address under report # 3 to report # 4 . the name and address that was under report # 4 is dropped off the list and is no doubt on the way to the bank . when doing this , please make certain you copy = everyone 's name and address accurately ! ! ! also , do not move the report / product positions ! 3 . take this entire program text , including the corrected names list , and save it on your computer . 4 . now you ' re ready to start a massive advertising campaign on the worldwide web ! advertising on the web is very , very inexpensive , but there are hundreds of free places to advertise also . another avenue which you could use is e-mail mailing lists . you can buy these lists for under $ 35 / 100 , 000 addresses . = 20 start your ad campaign as soon as you can ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! ! ! required reports * * * order each report by number and name * * * always send $ 5 cash ( concealed ) for each order requesting the specific report by name and number . always send first class or priority mail and provide your e-mail address for quick delivery . = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 = 20 """" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """" order report # 1 from : aag p . o . box 75 waller , tx . 77484 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """" major corporations and multi-level sales """" order report # 2 from : edco interests = 20 p . o . box 1108 huffman , tx . 77336 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 = 20 """" sources for the best mailing lists """" order report # 3 from : bill hines 4383 harmony ln . santa maria , ca . 93455 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 = 20 """" evaluating multi-level sales plans """" order report # 4 from : n . b . bostrom 3871 hwy 527 . haughton , la 71037 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ get free e-mail and a permanent address at http : / / www . netaddress . com
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 250,""Subject: internet specialist 007 - the spy
  
  internet specialist 007 - the spy learn everything about your friends , neighbors , enemies , employees or anyone else ! - - even your boss ! - - even yourself ! this mammoth snoop collection of internet sites will provide you the newest and most current addresses available on the net today . . . = 20 * track down an old debt , or anyone else that has done you wrong ! it 's incredible , and so many new data sites have come online in the past 90 days . . . * over 300 giant resources to look up people , credit , social security , current or past employment , mail order purchases , = 20 addresses , phone numbers , maps to city locations . . . * investigate your family history ! check birth , death , adoption or social security records check service records or army , navy , air force or = 20 marine corps . * locate an old friend ( or an enemy who is hiding ) or a lost = 20 love - - find e-mail , telephone or address information on anyone ! = 20 even look up * unlisted * phone numbers ! * find work by searching classified ads all over the world ! * screen prospective employees - - check credit , driving or criminal records verify income or educational accomplishments = 20 * check out your daughter 's new boyfriend ! * find trial transcripts and court orders ! * enjoy the enchantment of finding out a juicy tid-bit about a co-worker . the internet is a powerful megasource of information , = 20 if you only know where to look . i tell you how to find = 20 out nearly anything about anybody , and tell you exactly where to find it ! you will be amazed to find out what personal information = 20 other people can find out about you ! check your credit = 20 report so you can correct wrong information that may be = 20 used to deny you credit . research yourself first ! you ' ll be horrified , as i was , = 20 at how much data has been accumulated about you . any my huge collection is only the beginning ! once you = 20 locate these free private , college and government web sites , you ' ll find even more links to even more = 20 information search engines ! = 20 if you believe ( like i do ) that the information that is stored about each one of us should be freely accessible , you ' ll want to see the snoop collection i ' ve compiled . verify your own records , or find out what you need to = 20 know about others . i ' m telling you , it 's incredible what you can find out using the internet ! we will accept checks by fax at 813-269 - 9651 or > > > send $ 14 . 95 cash , check or money order to : > > > the coldwell group > > > p . o . box 3787 > > > dept 1007 > > > petersburg , va 23805 i will rush back to you my snoop information for fastest service include your * e-mail * address . = 20 * what information is available - - and exact url to get there ! * exactly where to look for - - and the clever way to use - - = 20 the above search engines , and tons more ! * my easy-to - browse categorized megacenter of information has my own description of how to use each site , and what you ' ll find when you get there - - and tricky tips on how to = 20 extract the best data ! you can know everything about everybody with this internet specialist collection ! * * soon to be available - - the most complete international internet spy = 20 sites available on the web today * * don ' t miss this one or you ' ll be sorry = 20 to be removed from our list please fax your address to 813-269 - 9651 . l = e3 = 01 @ u = 0b
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 251,""Subject: """" free """" $ 400 bulk mail software """" explodes your business """"
  
  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - your email address was given to me as a person interested in business opportunities . . . if this is not correct , then please = 20 accept my apologies . you will not be contacted again . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - what if ? i could provide you with a $ 400 bulk email software and low cost long distance , plus your own home business for free ? to take advantage of this offer , you will need to become a distributor in my downline . free distributorships when you change your long distance = 20 service to our low rate plans . once you have obtained your id # i = 20 would then send you everything promised in this letter . and what if ? i also provide you with a free web page , and a free = 20 marketing package that includes ads , letters , software , and much more ? let me explain . there are no startup costs ! = 20 no sign up fee ! = 20 no minimum volume ! = 20 no meetings ! = 20 and = 20 you do n't have to wonder about how to build your business . = 20 just follow a proven plan . it 's that simple . if you are serious about your financial future , just reply to this message and put freedom in the subject . = 20 your financial future is within your grasp . i have the answer to your business growth problems . """" free """" ! = 20 read on , i will """" not """" ask you to spend any money ! you do n't want to trash this one ! i """" will """" give you absolutely """" free """" a = new software called """" freedom """" , that sells for $ 400 . i will not ask for any = money ! freedom software allows you to extract email addresses from the = newsgroups , aol subscribers , etc . freedom has many features , including easy extractions of the addresses = you need to flag for removal . you can extract a """" batch """" of a few hundred , or = a """" catagory """" of thousands at a time . will your business """" explode """" ? = 20 you bet it will ! it has to ! ! ! ! you will become a part of the """" only downline in the entire world """" = 20 that has this capablity ! along with """" freedom """" , i provide you with a """" great """" , """" free business """" , that you can promote on the internet and off . = 20 use freedom in the business i provide for you , or """" freedom """" in = 20 your current business . all you will need to do to start your online biz today and even have your free web page is to become a distributor in my downline . = 20 for quick and free details , just hit reply with """" freedom """" in the subject line and you will receive information about this exciting opportunity right away ! i look forward to your response .
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 252,""Subject: re ; inquiry for lost id . . . for replacement from anywhere in theworld
  
  yes . . . . we carry all types of id from all over the world . . . . . any = state . . . any province or country . . . . . . be anyone you want . . . protect your privacy . . . . lost id replaced in 24 hours . . . . . . largest selection of novelty id anywhere . . . . call us 24 hours order your free catalog today . . . . . . . 604-244 - 4926 24 hours . . . 604-244 - 4926 student id from any college or university . . . travel id . . . press id . . . state id . . . fbi id . . . . fun and entertainment id . . . . . or just about any type id custom made to your satisfaction . . . id from any country in the world . . . . . . . visit us at : http : / / www . photoidcards . com
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 253,""Subject: control $ 15 , 000 creditline with $ 200 deposit !
  
  xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx = 20 credit control x x xxxxxxxxxxxxx this special report contains never-before - published information on how = to utilize leverage for both obtaining credit and eliminating debt . there = is nothing else like it on the market . it will show you how to : = 20 bulletin 1 : control a $ 15 , 000 credit line with only a $ 200 deposit and = no credit check ! ( this particular technique can also be used to control = credit lines in the millions ! ) = 20 bulletin 2 : pay off debts / loans and mortgages in weeks at discounts of = up to 40 % using simple financial tools with 10 - to - 1 leverage . = 20 bulletin 3 : raise money on your home without using banks . = 20 bulletin 4 : eliminate debts completely for as little as 15 cents on = thedollar = 20 . = 20 bulletin 5 : secrtets of offshore bank accounts that can be opened = without a bank reference and that will set you up with a credit card merchant = account . = 20 with lower interest rates making it easier for borrowers to pay back = 20 their loans and due to unprecedented competition in the credit / lending markets , many banks have had to relax their lending practices in order = to attract more business . = 20 these factors combined are now making it possible for creative borrowers = to take advantage of the situation and borrow money that would have = otherwise not been available to them in the past . = 20 i am very pleased and excited to have the privilege of showing you = 20 how you can utilize some very simple yet powerful principles = 20 to get the money you need to pay off overdue bills , start a business or take a vacation . using the proven and simple banking procedure of = compound collateral leveraging you will have at your fingertips the crucial information that will enable you to get a $ 15 , 000 credit line with only = $ 200 of your own money without a credit check . you will also be able to pay = off your mortgage and debts at discounts of up to 40 % . = 20 these same techniques can be used to control credit lines in the = millions ! ! ! there are never any processing or application fees since this is not a banking , brokering or financial institution . you will only be getting valuable and indispensable financial and technical information that will enable you to get the cash you desire as well as the names of banks that = are more innovative in their lending practices . the techniques are perfectly legal and are utilized daily . do not pass up this opportunity to better = your financial conditon in a business world that only respects cash and / or credit ! can you afford not to get your hands on this information ? = 20 order your reports today ! = 20 if you order today and mention that you got our = 20 offer thru email you can purchase the 5 bulletin report for $ 29 . 95 , including s&h , $ 10 off our regular price of = $ 39 . 95 ! ! ! ! ! ! = 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - order form = 20 where did you see our ad ? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 this powerful information is backed by a 100 % money-back guarantee . = 20 please check below each bulletin as listed on the preceding pages that = you = 20 wish to order . one of any bulletin is $ 14 . 95 ; two bulletins is $ 21 . 95 ; = 20 three bulletins is $ 27 . 95 ; four bulletins is $ 34 . 95 and all five are $ 39 . 95 . ( all prices in u . s . dollars ) ( include your email & street = addresses in your correspondence ! ) = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ bulletin 1 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ bulletin 2 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ bulletin 3 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ bulletin 4 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ bulletin 5 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total bulletins ordered = 20 $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ price ( plus $ 3 . 00 s&h ) . please make check = 20 or money order payable to : = 20 cash grant = 20 2840 sylvan ramble road ste c = 20 atlanta , ga 30345 . usa = 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - disclaimer = 20 the information in this report does not constitute legal advice or the practice of law . it is merely the communication of information in = accordance with the right to free speech . anyone seeking legal advice should = consult a competent and qualified professional . the authors , editor , and publisher assume no responsibility for anyone acting in accordance with this information . all readers are specifically advised to obey all laws , statutes . and regulations to the letter . = 20
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 254,""Subject: just released ! 16 million !
  
  it was just released ! ! = 20 introducing . . . millions vol . 1 we took a total of over 92 million email addresses from many of the touted cd 's that are out there ( bought them all - some were $ 300 + ) ! we added the millions we had in storage to those . when we combined them all , we had in excess of 100 + million addresses in one huge file . we then ran a super """" sort / de-dupe """" program against this huge list . it cut the file down to less than 25 million ! ! ! can you believe that ? it seems that most people that are selling cd 's are duping the public by putting numerous files of addresses in the cd over and over . this created many duplicate addresses . they also had many program """" generated """" email addresses like compuserve , mci , anon 's , etc . this causes a tremendous amount of undeliverables , and for those that use stealth programs , clogs up servers quickly with trash , etc . we then ran a program that contained 150 + keywords to remove addresses with vulgarity , profanity , sex-related names , postmaster , webmaster , flamer , abuse , spam , etc . , etc . also eliminated all . edu , . mil , . org , . gov , etc . after that list was run against the remaining = list , it reduced it down to near 16 million addresses ! so , you see , our list will save people hundreds of dollars buying all others that are out there on cd and otherwise . using ours will be like using the 100 + million that we started with , but a lot less money and alot less time ! ! we also purchased cyber - promos ( $ 995 . 00 ) cd . we received it just prior to finishing production work on the new cd . we had our people take a random sample of 300 , 000 addresses from the touted 2 . 9 that they advertised . we used a program that allows us to take a random sample of addresses from any list . we were able to have the program take every 9th address , thus giving us a 300 , 000 list of cyber 's email addresses from top to bottom . we did not clean these , but we did = create 3 seperate files named cyber1 . txt , cyber2 . txt , & cyber3 . txt of 100 , 000 addresses each . this will give all people that use the list a = opportunity to send mail to the list before deciding if their cd is all it 's hyped to = be . we also included a 2 + million """" remove / flamer """" file broke into seperate files for ease of extracting and adding to your own database of = removes . """" you can buy from the rest or you can buy from the best . your choice . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ what others are saying : = 20 """" i received the cd on friday evening . like a kid with a new toy , i immediately started bulking out using the new email addresses . over the course of the weekend , i emailed out over 500 , 000 emails and i received less than twenty undeliverables ! ! i am totally satisfied with my purchase ! ! thanks premier ! ! """" dave buckley houston , tx """" this list is worth it 's weight in gold ! ! i sent out 100 , 000 emails for = my product and received over 55 orders ! ann colby new orleans , la * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = 20 here ' s the bottom line here is what you get when you order today ! > > 16 million email addresses . . . 1 per line in simple text format on a = cd . files are in lots of 100 , 000 ( no codes needed to open files ) . all files are separated by domain name for your convenience . = 20 plus you receive a tremendous remove list ! = 20 and = 20 the a sampling of cyberpromo 's hot list . > > > now only $ 149 . 00 ! this price is effective for the next seven days , thereafter the price = will be $ 199 . 00 so order now ! all lists are completely free of any duplicates . we also on a continual basis , add new names and remove undeliverables and remove requests . = 20 the result is the cleanest email addresses available anywhere to use over and over again , for a fraction of the cost that other companies charge . typical rates for acquiring email lists are from 1 cent to as high as 3 cents per email address - that 's """" information highway """" robbery ! . do n't even hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most effective way to market anywhere . . period ! if you have any further questions or to place an order by phone , please do not hesitate to call us at : 908-245 - 1143 to order our email package , simply print out the ez order form below and fax or mail it to our office today . = 20 we accept visa , mastercard , amex , checks by fax and mail . = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ez order form = 20 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to order millions vol . 1 email addresses for only $ 149 . 00 . = 20 = 20 * please select one of the following for shipping . . = 20 _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package overnight . i ' m including $ 15 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) = 20 _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package 2 day delivery . i ' m including $ 10 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) = 20 date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 type of credit card : = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ _ _ mastercard = 20 credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 name on card _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 amount $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 = 20 ( required ) signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 date : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 you may fax your order to us at : 1-908 - 245-3119 = 20 check by fax services ! = 20 if you would like to fax a check , paste your check below and fax it to our office along with all forms to : 1-908 - 245-3119 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 24 hour fax services * * * please paste your = 20 check here and fax it to us at 1-908 - 245-3119 = 20 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = 20 if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from your original check . all checks will be held for bank clearance . if you feel more comfortable sending payment through the mail , please send all forms and check or money order to : = 20 rapture marketing inc . p . o . box 616 kenilworth , nj 07033
 "",1
 255,""Subject: bulk email for profit
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = 20 mail thousands of email messages per hour - no kidding ! ! send your email messages out , at 1 , 000 's messages / hour ( 28 . 8k modem ) yes , 1 , 000 's of messages an hour * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * millions of email addresses * * * * * * * * $ 100 . 00 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * you ' ll receive 2 high-speed email software programs introducing . . . . """" floodgate bulk email loader """" = 20 and . . . . """" goldrush stealth mass mailer """" this is the same software that all bulk emailing services use ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * also available - - - - resell rights - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = 20 you can now resell this unique emailing software and earn $ 100 . 00 per sale and never do any tech support we ' ll do it for your customers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - floodgate bulk email loader version 6 . 0 and goldrush stealth mass mailer version 3 . 215 for windows 95 and windows 3 . 1 now supports 17 = 20 ( really more with the free form filter ) file formats - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - send out 20 , 000 + marketing letters every single day ! or . . . every few days . in fact , when i send out just a few thousand = marketing letters each day , it does n't take long before i ' m completely = swamped with email inquiries and phone calls . this is very easy to do . = and each one of these bulk mailings costs me nothing . i can teach you = how to do this and provide you with the tools you ' ll need . if you ' ve got a good marketing letter , i ' ll show you how to open the = floodgates . you ' ll be deluged with inquiries , leads , and real sales , = using nothing but email alone . writing a good marketing letter is not easy . i often have to rewrite my = marketing letters a half dozen times before i get the results i ' m = looking for . but once you have a good letter , as you probably know , you = can use the same letter over and over again , predictably and = consistently , closing sales , week after week , month after month . it takes me about one hour to send my marketing letter to thousands of = fresh email addresses . i can do this , thanks to a windows program i use . = it 's called floodgate and goldrush stealth mass mailer . it 's a bulk = email loader and an email software program . if you ' re interested in = electronic marketing , you should know about these programs . program # 1 : floodgate for windows the floodgate bulk email loader imports simple text files that anyone = can download from compuserve , prodigy , delphi genie , or the internet . = these text files contain classified ads , forum messages , or data from = the member directory . each of these files is filled with email = addresses . floodgate is designed to read these files and strip out the email = addresses . it then sorts the addresses , removes any duplicates , and = formats them into an output file , with 10 , 20 or 30 addresses per line . = this is all done in one simple step . just point and click . you ' ll need either a windows based internet account or an america = on - line account to send out your marketing letters . neither aol nor the = internet charges to send email . send your letter to 1 , 000 people or = 10 , 000 people - - the cost is always the same . nothing ! new ! prepare a mailing of 50 , 000 + = 20 in less than a 1 / 2 hour if you open an internet account , you can send each letter to 20 , 000 + = people . the new floodgate now directly writes distribution lists . some = people are always collecting new addresses , but if you publish a = newsletter or adsheet , you ' ll be using the same addresses over and over = again . that 's real power ! when using addresses you ' ve previously = collected , you can press a few buttons and prepare a mailing of 50 , 000 + = in less than a half hour . ( to get a list of all the internet access providers in your local = calling area goto : http : / / thelist . com and click on your area code . ) the floodgate users guide will teach you , step by step , how to download = the right files , how to strip the addresses , and finally , how to cut and = paste the formatted addresses into your marketing letter . or , if you = have an internet account , how to create distribution lists . one you ' ve = done this a few times you won't even have to think . it 's that simple ! for the brave & daring : pushing technology to its limits as you may know , the practice of sending unsolicited email is usually = frowned upon , and most service providers have rules against it . but , = like jay-walking , there is little enforcement . it 's not illegal . if = someone tells you that it is , ask them to provide the citation ( and = do n't let them give you some nonsense about faxes - that 's not email ) . = they can't do it because it 's not there . sometimes , when a lot of people = complain , i get a warning letter . and that 's about it . about 1 in 200 will write back and tell me , """" take me off the list """" , = which i can do , thanks to floodgates remove list feature . many people = reply back thanking me for sending them my informative letter . that 's = always nice . most people though , just reply and say , """" send me more = info . """" in this way , it usually takes me two or three letters to close a = sale . the floodgate users guide will provide you with proven formats for = writing a successful marketing letter . you ' ll test and rewrite , test and = rewrite . then , once you ' ve got it , just push a few buttons , and open the = floodgates ! ! ! the floodgate bulk email loader currently supports 17 + file formats 1 . compuserve classifieds : send your marketing letter to everyone who is = running a classified ad . i ' ll teach you how to download all the = classifieds from any single ad category . this is one of the most = responsive list of buyers . they check their email every day and they ' re = already in business . 2 . america on - line classifieds : download 1 , 000 addresses in 15 minutes . = these are excellent lists for business to business sales . 3 . compuserve forums : you can join a forum and download hundreds of = forum messages in a matter of minutes . 4 . america on - line forums : choose from dozens of forums . all good = targeted lists . 5 . prodigy forums : prodigy allows you to easily export any group of = forum messages . more targeted lists . 6 . internet newsgroups : these are all targeted lists . you ' ll be able to = send your marketing letter to everyone who posts a message in any = newsgroup . easily collect 1 , 000 's of addresses per hour . 7 . america on - line member directory : most member directories only allow = you to search by city and state . with aol , you can search by business = type , hobbies , computer type , etc . this is the gem of all member directories . build huge targeted lists . 8 . compuserve member directory : this is a major resource . if you ' re = willing to target your mailing to a single city , you can collect about = 1 , 000 email addresses an hour . 9 . delphi member directory : the delphi member directory allows you to = search for people based on key words . these are good targeted mailing = lists . a single search can easily generate 5 , 000 addresses . 10 . genie member directory : similar to the compuserve member directory , = only you can download names much quicker . you can easily pull hundreds = of thousands of addresses out of each of these member directories . 11 . compuserve file cabinet : if you run classified ads , and save the = responses in the cim file cabinet , you ' ll be able to easily reuse these = addresses . you can send your marketing letter to everyone in any single = folder . build master lists and clean up your hard drive . 12 . free form : if you have a text file with email addresses that = floodgate does not support , chances are the free form filter will be = just what you need . just enter a key word to search for . 13 . compuserve form profiles ( forum membership directories ) : easy to = build targeted lists here . each search can easily bring you 500 + addresses . 14 . genie profiles : if you ' re building targeted lists , you ' ll get a lot = of addresses very quickly from genie . 15 . plain addresses : read floodgate master files back into floodgate to = merge files and do selective mailings . also useful for the management of = email address lists that you might purchase . floodgate also has filters to allow you to include or exclude any groups = of addresses in your final distribution lists . for example , you could = include only email addresses that ended in . com or exclude all with = . gov . you could exclude all noc , root , and other addresses that almost = guarantee a negative response . these filters are fully configurable and = can be used together . build reusable master files floodgate maintains master files for each of your marketing letters . if = you download from the same place on a regular basis , you only want to = send your letter to the new people . floodgate will compare the new = addresses with those in the master file , and prepare a mailing list of = only new people . the new addresses are , of course , then added to the = master file . with each new mailing your master file grows and grows . you may create as many master lists as you need . when you start a new = marketing campaign , you ' ll want to send your new letter to everyone on = your master list . if you write a newsletter , each time you send your = newsletter , you ' ll send it to everyone on a master list . the remove list very often , people will reply and tell you to take them off your mailing = list . place these addresses in the remove . mst file and they will never = receive another letter from you again . in this way , you will be = operating your business with the most professionalism possible . don ' t be fooled we have some new competitors that have tried to copy floodgate . the = following list describes why floodgate is better . . . . . . . * * floodgate is a mature , bug free product . not an initial release . * * floodgate comes with over 100 pages of step by step = documentation . * * floodgate is the only one offering a money back guarantee . * * floodgate has more testimonials . = 20 * * filter for filter , floodgate offers more capabilities , way more . = 20 * * floodgate does everything all the others * combined * claim . = 20 * * floodgate is by far the easiest to use . * * there is no * cutting and pasting * with floodgate . = 20 * * we have by far , the best technical support . some quick math floodgate can pay for itself in a few days . it can also cut your = advertising costs down to almost nothing . think of what the competition = will do when they get their floodgate program . do n't be left in the dust = - there are 75 million people out there , just a few keystrokes away . = let 's do the math : - email 50 , 000 sales letters ( takes about 1 - 2 hours ) - let 's say your product will bring you $ 5 profit per sale . - let 's also say you only get a 1 % response ( occasionally higher ) . * that 's 500 orders x $ 5 = 3d $ 2 , 500 profit ! ! now imagine what 500 , 000 = letters would do for your business ! ! what can i market on-line ? you can market anything on-line using direct email , that can be marketed = using conventional postal direct mail marketing . the possibilities are = practically endless . if it sells off-line , you can sell it on-line . easy to install and easy to learn the floodgate email loader requires windows . the supplied manual tells = you where to go , what to do , and how to do it . all you need are basic = computer skills that can be learned with a little practice or help from = our computer savvy technicians . program # 2 : goldrush stealth mass mailer do not get this program confused with other slow speed programs that = call themselves """" stealth """" . this program is the only one in the world = that can send email out at high speeds with one single connection to the = internet . = 20 this is new , cutting edge email technology . first of it 's kind . . the = most powerful bulk email sender in the world . . nothing can even come = close ! = 20 thanks to our top programmer 's , this technology is now available and we = are the only place you can get it from ! = 20 * only """" one """" dial-up or isdn connection needed . = 20 * no more terminated connections . = 20 * no more waiting to send large amounts of email . = 20 * immediate response to your mass mailings . = 20 * you will have all the control and confidence of = 20 sending email the way it should be sent . . . in huge amounts ! = 20 * send your whole list in one day , whether it be 500 , 000 = 20 or 5 million - and just sit back and wait for your = 20 orders to pour in . = 20 * no more downloading undeliverable names . bulk emailer 's dream come true ! ! ! - > > > goldrush stealth mass mailer connect to multiple mail servers ( 20 or more ) , make multiple connections = to a single server or any combination of the two ( all simultaneously ) = with one single dial-up connection . = 20 send multiple simultaneous mailings . . . = 20 view complete details about your mailings . shows each server your = connected to , the status of that connection , how many messages are going = out through that connection , etc . . . we show you all the tricks all the mass e-mailers do n't want you to = know . . . = 20 here are just a few features the goldrush stealth mass mailer offers to = you . . . = 20 * forge the header - message id - isp 's will spin their wheels . = 20 * add 's a bogus authenticated sender to the header . = 20 * add 's a complete bogus received from / received by line with = 20 real time / date stamp and recipient to the header . = 20 * does not require a valid pop account be entered in order to = 20 send your mailings . = 20 * easy to use and operate = 20 * plus much more ! = 20 all this , at speeds of up to 1 , 000 's messages / hour ( 28 . 8k modem ) . = 20 special introductory price . . . = 20 now you can have both the floodgate and = 20 goldrush stealth mass mailer for just $ 499 . 00 ! = 20 update . . . save $ 149 . 05 and order now , be one of the first 100 orders ! = 20 step up to the plate and play with the big boys today and receive the = complete 2 software package for the unbelievably low price of only = $ 349 . 95 ! = 20 ( other bulk email software has sold for as much as $ 2 , 500 and can't even = come close to the cutting edge technology of ease , accuracy and speed = . . . speed . . . speed ! ) = 20 try the goldrush stealth mass mailer & floodgate bulk email loader for = 10 days free . = 20 and receive unlimited technical support for 30 days . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * millions of email addresses millions and millions of email addresses cd with millions of email addresses separated by domain name . all addresses are simple text format one per line . addresses from the following domains : pipleline , msn , mci , juno , delphi , genie , aol , compuserve , internet , . com & . net , millions of them ! not available on diskette or download . want the millions of addresses for $ 100 . 00 ? just buy our floodgate / goldrush software package ( with all the bonuses included ) , and the millions of addresses are yours for just $ 100 . 00 additional . these addresses will be delivered to you in simple text files that any bulk emailing program can use , on cd rom . with this cd , you can begin making money immediately ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * special bonus # 1 : * * * stop losing isp dial up accounts ! = 20 if you order the floodgate / goldrush software within the next 5 days - = when you receive your program , you will also receive : = 20 * complete instructions on """" how to keep your dial up account from = showing up in the header """" , plus everything you will need to get started = doing this . = 20 important notice ! we will initially only be offering 100 copies of the = program for sale , first come / first served basis only . we are doing = this because of the extreme power that these programs offer . * * * special bonus # 2 * * * = 20 when you receive your two programs , you will also receive : over 250 reprint and resell rights reports you can start to market and make money immediately ! ! ! = 20 these hot sellers include : = 20 1 ) how to get a top rating in the search engines = 20 2 ) 70 money making reports = 20 3 ) 75 money making plans & trade secrets and much much more ! ! ! = 20 ( $ 200 retail value - free ! ! ! ) = 20 * * * special bonus # 3 * * * with your two software programs , you will also receive our new """" address = grabber """" utility program that enables you to grab 100 's of thousands of = email addresses from newsgroups in minutes ( $ 100 retail value - free ) . * * * special bonus # 4 * * * receive checks by email , phone or fax machine . with this software program , you can receive payment for your product or service instantly ! ! there is no more waiting for your customers chec to arrive . this software will no doubt , add to your sales , for customers who do n't have credit cards , as well as the impulse buyers . with this software , you can print up your payments as soon as your customer gives you his / her checking information . you will then add the information given , to the proper blank check spaces , then just print and go to the bank ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to get your free demo and """" test drive """" our state-of - the-art software , = 20 fax us your email address ( legibly please ) at : 954-572 - 5837 = 09 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * hurry . . . reserve yours today ! = 20 so , if you are interested in taking advantage of the most powerful bulk = 20 email software in the world and start making money hand over fist . . . . . print out the ez order form below and fax or mail it to our office . if you have any questions do n't hesitate to call us at : 1-954 - 784-0312 system requirements 386 or larger windows 95 or windows 3 . 1 with 8 meg ram extra 5 mb hard drive space floodgate & goldrush can be run on a fast mac with 24 mb ram and = softwindows . notes from satisfied users """" it is everything you said it was . within one week of my first mailing , = i received a record number of orders . all you need to print money is a = decent sales letter . thanks . """" randy albertson , wolverine capital . """" after using floodgate and your utility program all day today , let me = say these are as two of the finest programs i have ever bought in my 52 = years ! your support has been superb . thank you ! """" vernon hale , prime data = systems """" my first day and i just used floodgate and pegasus to send 1 , 469 sales = letters . so far i ' ve got about 25 positive responses . it works great ! ! ! = thanks . """" donald prior """" floodgate is awesome ! . i recently started a new business on-line . i = stripped the addresses of the aol & cis classifieds . i sent out 3 , 497 = email letters and got over 400 people to join my company in 5 days ! = needless to say , it pays for itself . """" david sheeham , ompd """" i was able to use floodgate to extract the names from the internet news = groups . it works perfectly . needless to say , i am very excited about the = use of this new technology . """" mark eberra , inside connections """" this is a great piece of software and an invaluable marketing tool . """" = joe kuhn , the millennium group """" i just thought you 'd like to know that this program is fantastic . after = loading it on my system , i wanted to test it out . in my first hour of = using this , i collected 6 , 092 email addresses ! """" richard kahn , ld = communications """" i just love the floodgate program . it saves me hours and hours of time . = this is the beginning of a wonderful fun time marketing on-line . thank = you so much for writing this program . """" beth o'neill , eudora , ks """" your software is brilliant , and from the technical support i ' ve = received , i can see you have a genuine love and respect of = people . . . floodgate is a divine package . wish i had found it sooner . """" tom = sanders , peoria , il """" i really like the way the floodgate software package works . it is very = easy to use , and really does the trick . it has already saved me an = incredible amount of time and energy . """" john berning , jr . , fairfield , nj """" it 's going great with floodgate ! i like using delphi . i just collected = 50 , 000 + addresses within 20 minutes on-line . """" richard kahn , r&b = associates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - e - z order form : please print out this order form and fill in the blanks . . . . . . please send order form and check or money order , payable to : dave mustachi p . o . box 772261 coral springs , fl 33077-2261 ( 954 ) 784-0312 _ _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to try your cutting-edge software so that i can = advertise my business to thousands of people on-line whenever i like ! i = understand that i have 10 days to trial the software . if i am not fully = delighted , i will cheerfully be refunded the purchase price , no = questions asked ! please rush me the floodgate and goldrush package now ! _ _ _ _ _ _ i am ordering within 72 hours ! that qualifies me to receive the = floodgate and goldrush package at a substantial discount ! i am ordering = both software packages for only $ 349 . 95 . ( save $ 150 off the retail = price . . . . software has sold for as much as $ 2 , 499 . 95 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ i am ordering within 72 hours ! that qualifies me to receive = unlimited technical support for 30 days . _ _ _ _ _ _ i want to receive the package overnight . i ' m including $ 18 . 00 for = shipping charges . _ _ _ _ _ _ i want to receive the package 2nd day . i ' m including $ 10 . 00 = ( includes insurance & return receipt ) for shipping charges . _ _ _ _ _ _ i ' m ordering floodgate / goldrush software and want to order the = millions of email addresses as well . my additional cost is $ 100 . 00 = enclosed . _ _ _ _ _ _ i ' m not ordering your floodgate / goldrush software , but i want to order your millions of email addresses on cd . enclosed is = $ 249 . 00 . _ _ _ _ _ _ i ' m interested in reselling this unique software package , and = earning $ 100 . 00 per sale . i understand you will be the technician for my customers . send = me further information . ( you must purchase this program in order to be a reseller = for the floodgate / goldrush software package ) . ( checks : allow 1 week for bank clearance ) your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your position _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email addresses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * we accept checks , money orders , mastercard , visa , american express . you can either mail your order to = 20 us or fax your order to : 954-572 - 5837 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * today 's date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 visa _ _ _ _ mastercard _ _ _ _ american express _ _ _ _ discover _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 card # : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 billing address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 amount to be charged : $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i agree to pay dave mustachi an additional $ 29 fee if my check is = returned for insufficient or uncollectable funds . signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please send all order forms and check or money order to payable to : dave mustachi p . o . box 772261 coral springs , fl 33077 ( 954 ) 784-0312 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * or : please paste your check here ( if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check = by mail . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from = your original check that you faxed to us ) please fax the above order form and check to : 1-954 - 572 -
 "",1
 256,""Subject: prodigious nfl picks
  
  hello sportsfans ! ! ! ! if you are an avid sportsfan like myself , = then i = 20 know you will enjoy this ad . who are we ? we are prodigious picks and associates . what are we ? we are one of the best sports handicapping systems in the country . our predictions are decided by a consensus = 20 analysis system that takes the predictions of seven of the best handicappers in the country ! ! ! ! if you are one of the thousands = 20 of callers that has phoned us in the past weeks , we know that we have = 20 already proven ourselves to you . if you have not had a chance to give = 20 us a call yet , we want to inform you that we went 19 - 6 by the line in = the past two weeks . that is 76 percent ! ! ! this includes winning 10 of 12 big = picks and going 6 - 2 in the nfl playoffs . for this reason , we feel extremely = confident that we have the two winning picks for sunday 's championship games that features denver at pittsburgh and green bay at san francisco . = 20 we are so sure of our predictions that we are calling them the two = biggest picks of the year ! ! ! do n't lose your money trying to pick the games = 20 yourself or by even calling some other handicapper whose price per call = is = 20 much more expensive than ours . let us do the work and you get the = money ! = 20 so give us a call after friday and we will deliver ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! = 20 1-900 - 773-9777 only $ 10 per call = 20 must be 18 or older p . s . after you win 1000s on sunday , give us a call on monday for our winning basketball picks . we will also have the winning super bowl pick after january 22 . = 20 = 20 = 20
 "",1
 257,""Subject: a personal message . . . . .
  
  we placed an ad in one small area of the internet . and when the dust started to settle we had over six thousand responses in ten days . ( success concepts ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - for immediate release : denver , november 25 , 1997 colorado marketing firm shares money generating trade secrets on the internet ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hello , my name is shannon johnson . i am ceo of success concepts in fort collins colorado . i have to tell you that i am really angry and = upset about what is going on here on the internet . we at success concepts are so angry , in fact , that we decided to do something about it . read = on and you ' ll see . for three years i have lead my marketing firm in sales campaigns on the internet and the other large online services which have yielded outstanding results ! we are now sharing the information we have gained over the last several years with other people who are desperately trying to figure out how to make a substantial income from their home computers . do you know what it 's like to turn your computer on in the morning to find an email box full of orders for your product . . . . . where it takes = over an hour to sift through just the credit card orders alone ? we do ! do you know what it 's like to have the postman bring you a bag full of orders for products you have marketed on the internet , and then hear him complain about all the mail you get ? we do ! do you know what it 's like to place a simple ad into a newsgoup or classified section on the internet and have your order department 's phone ring off the hook with people who want to buy your product . we do ! have you ever placed just one advertisement on the ineternet and when the dust settled ten days later had over 6 , 000 responses by phone , fax , mail , and email ? well . . . . we did in january of this year ! have you ever tried to market something simple on the internet , only to have weeks or months of toil and effort result in only a few sales , if any ? well . . . . that 's happened to us too . but not since we learned the = secrets ! ! ! you see , we found the """" secrets """" to marketing just about anything on the internet . and it is really quite simple , once you know them . imagine this . you decide to make a second , or even a primary income from the internet . so , you put up a web site , get a mess of email follow-up letters ready , put your web site in several hundred search engines ( people gotta find your page . . . right ) , get in the news - groups and advertise your site , and drop hundreds of classified ads all over the net . there ya go . . . . . now you are going to rake in the = cash ! two weeks later you have one sale and you are telling your spouse and your friends that """" this will take time ! """" four months later you ' ve made just enough to pay for your web space and your friends do n't listen to you anymore . they consider you an """" internet marketer wanna be """" . sound familiar ! we are not trying to rub salt in your wounds . what we are trying to do is let you in on the truth about doing business from your home on the internet . let 's face it . the vast majority of people who are trying to earn a living on the internet are starving ! ! ! that 's right ! they do n't have a clue of what to do first , second , third or fourth ! = and even if they do have a clue they have been lead down the garden path with dreams and silly techniques which do n't work and are breaking the hearts of thousands of people who are just trying to make a living from their home computers . that is what we are so upset about at success concepts ! but , it does n't have to be that way ! people do n't have to really fail = at making a good income on the internet . and it really does n't have to take months or even years to learn how to do it . not if you have the right guide to show you what to do , and when to do it . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) is the name of our informative guide to generating orders , money , cash , on the net . it was written with the """" average """" netrepreneur in mind , in plain english , with straight to the point """" how to """" and """" why do you do """" phraseology . in . . . . . . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) we expose all the traps we fell into in our first year of internet = marketing , but stay away from now . we expose the lies and half truths which people have fallen for in the past . we expose the secrets which most of the successful internet marketers really don ' t want you to know ! because , when you know the secrets you will be off and running in . . . that 's right . . . . . . their backyard . . . . the cyberspace marketplace ! there is room for a lot more of us ! there are millions of people on the internet . and there are millions of more people on the way here . the pie which will be cut up is so huge that several hundred more people who know what they are doing will not even make a dent in our income level . it will just be a drop in the bucket so to speak . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) will expose the ineternet for what it really is , the marketplace which can provide you with a steady income . it will literally show you what to do first , second , third , fourth , and so on . you are about to discover exactly what makes the difference between the """" internet success stories , """" and the obscure """" web marketing = failures . """" this guide will give you all the details , the tools , the ideas , and the resources to help you make all of your internet dreams come true . . . finally , the truth is revealed ! find out the secrets that some of the wealthiest internet marketers are using to propel their sales through = the cyberspace roof . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) will show you : * * how to use newsgroups to your advantage . the tricks ! just placing a few ads just won't do it for you ! * * how to use a sig file to get more orders . they look simple , but if you write your sig correctly it can be a gold mine to you . we generate thousands just from our sigs ! * * how to place your web page at the top of the search engines . if you do n't get close to the top you can forget many hits ! * * how to maximize your web sales using a professional looking web page ( that you can build all by yourself ) . * * all about follow-ups and how to do them using email . a very simple technique which can mean rapidly increasing volume to you . this technique is used by some of the top internet marketers . * * how to effectively build mailing lists on the internet . without lists your business will probably perish ! * * special coding techniques which can make your marketing efforts amaze even the most die hard skeptics * * where and how to place thousands of free classified ads . what to say in them , and what to expect when you place them . * * what products you should or should n't market for quick results * * how to use testimonials . . . * * the importance of tracking your marketing results . * * the importance of a """" back-end """" . * * a step by step guide to get you started immediately ! * * and much , much more . . . here is what some people who turned their internet marketing results from failure to success have to say about """" the guide """" : i thought all i had to do was place some classified ads on the net for my flame retarding spray . every night after work i would place a few ads and answer some questions in email . i never made much money at all . then i read the guide and everything turned around ! i ' m looking at leaving my job now . and their newsletter keeps me up to date with all the new things i need to know to keep on track with my business . bill j . st . louis , mo i started internet marketing in the chat rooms on aol . what a joke that was ! nobody ever told me it would take so long to make any money that way . then i read the ' the guide . """" the chat rooms , internet newsgroups , web sites , and email all make me money now . and it was n't all that hard either . i just did n't know the secrets before . but i do now ! ! ! the internet is huge , and i ' ve just started getting my share ! ann w . houston , tx the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) is usually only offered to our marketing clients . with all the garbage we have seen on the internet in the past few months we have decided to offer """" the guide """" to everyone reading this advertisement . our = clients have paid $ 99 . 95 for """" the guide """" and have felt that it was a real = bargain for that price . """" the guide """" has now gone into it second edition and we feel that we should open it up to just about anyone 's financial = budget . at least for a limited time . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) is being offered to you , for a limited time , for only $ 24 . 95 ! ! ! that 's correct ! that 's a full $ 75 off the regular price . once 200 more or so orders have been placed at this price we will take """" the guide """" off of the sale counter and move the price back to $ 99 . 95 . but , why offer this for such a deep discount ? it 's simple . success concepts feels that the time is right for this information to become more = available on the net . but we are n't marketing fools either . the guide holds a copyright , and will only be offered at this very deeply discounted price for a very limited time . ( there is some joker on the net who is trying to sell less information without our two bonus offers to follow for $ 395 . 00 . that is = ridiculous ! ! ! ) first bonus offer : if you order within the next 3 days we will include : * * bulk email secrets . . . this information could save you = 20 hundreds of dollars in mailing costs , and more importantly it could keep you from losing your isp . you ' ll get the details on how to : - - use bulk email to explode your profits - - prevent losing your dialup account - - find the right product ( s ) to market by bulk email . - - find the correct software to use . you will also learn : - - where to find reliable bulk email servers . - - where to purchase the very best email software on the market today . - - and much , much more . plus ! ! ! * * free access to our private download site . here you will find hundreds of free informative reports to use or sell on the internet . you will find helpful programs that we use to make our marketing efforts more effective . you will also find 25 , 000 email names , free for you to download to help you get started . these are fresh names that you can use to market your business . these names are changed weekly and you can download as often as you like . once again all of this is yours for only $ 24 . 95 , plus $ 5 . 00 s&h . . . . so order now ! second bonus offer : not many people want to do this internet marketing thing alone . now you won't have to . those who order """" the guide """" by november 30 will be placed on our very select """" the guide electronic newsletter """" where you will receive the latest tricks and """" how tos """" in internet marketing . tricks which the big boys find out about first . now you = will be right in line to find them out quickly , so you can capture the = market . * * * our better than risk-free guarantee ! ! ! * * * order the book today and receive the two bonuses absolutely free . . . read over the book , follow the step by step guide , = 20 contact the resources listed , and if for any reason you are = 20 not fully satisfied with the book you can return it within 30 days for a full refund , and you get to keep the bulk email report , and email names from the free download site . = 20 it 's easy to do , so order today and take advantage of this better than risk-free offer before """" the guide """" is moved back to the regular price . for a 3 minute recorded audio presentation call : 1-800 - 942-9304 ext . 20340 so order now . . . we will accept your order in three different ways : phone , email , or postal mail phone : call our order line toll free : 1-619 - 561-2731 ext . 127 9 : 00am to 9 : 00pm pacific time ( this is an order line only . they will take credit cards and checks on this line . ) or email : complete the following form ( credit card orders ) and email to : dkg @ daltek . net make sure that your subject heading is """" dreams order """" or postal mail : print out the following form and mail to : success concepts dept . 1010 - c po box 272476 ft . collins , co 80527 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cut here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ yes , i am tired of broken dreams . . . i am ordering """" the guide """" well within the allotted time period and would like both the bulk email = report and the private download site bonuses . plus i want to be placed on your very select mailing list for """" the guide electronic = newsletter """" . . . . . all for only $ 24 . 95 + $ 5 s&h . _ _ i did not order within 3 days but would still like to take advantage = of your the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) for only $ 24 . 95 + $ 5 s&h and be placed on your very select mailing list for """" the guide electronic newsletter """" - - - - [ [ [ do not remove this code - - > ( ep-27 ) ] ] ] name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip \ country code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please circle mode of payment . check money order credit card if paying by credit card please circle type of card . visa m / c am ex discover credit card # : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp date : _ _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total amount included : $ 29 . 95 add $ 15 for overnight delivery . add $ 5 for canadian orders . add $ 10 for internation orders . make checks payable to : success concepts . send to : success concepts dept . 1010 - c po box 272476 ft . collins , co 80527 code : ep-27 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cut here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - success concepts trying does n't always work on the net . find out why """" the guide """" works . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / our research indicates this information may be of interest to you , if = you have been sent this message in error or you wish to be removed from this = advertiser 's future = 20 mailings , please reply with the subject """" remove """" and this software will = automatically = 20 block you from their future mailings . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / /
 "",1
 258,""Subject: prosperous home business
  
  to be removed , reply with """" remove """" in the subject . and register your name with the antispam . org list . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please take time to save the following announcement and make a special note of it : hi , i ' m jay phillips , originator of the money maker 's manual program . it is legal . it is fun . it is not mlm . . . so i can only make this offer available for a limited time . home business has been the financial solution for 1000 's across america . yours can be wildly successful with as little as 5 hrs / week ! why not get your share ? order the new money maker 's manual program now ! inside , you ' ll find over 20 ways you can make money at home and you ' ll get great business tips too . pay off holiday bills ! pay off all bills ! order by 1 / 30 / 98 , and you ' ll not only get the manual but you can also take advantage of an exclusive limited offer that can help you make upwards of $ 1 , 000 in as little as 15 days ! it truly sets this program apart from all others . no hidden costs . no mlm . no kidding ! simply send a money order or check for $ 29 . 95 + $ 4 s&h to : success wayze 90 flock rd . university plaza suite 318 mercerville nj 08619 no , you have n't seen this one before . this is our first time offering this manual to the public . right now , it 's truly """" ground floor """" . if you want a quick , easy , """" lazy """" way to make money , then this is n't for you . if you do n't mind doing a little work , then order now ! since the regular price is $ 39 . 95 , we believe it will be a big seller at this reduced price . reserve your copy today ! us funds only . thank you very much for your time . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * m&a advertising rates * * 5 lines to 500 , 000 people 2 times , only $ 50 . 00 reg . special price - - - > $ 45 . 00 40 line full page ad , ( by itself ) to 500 , 000 once , only $ 249 . 00 reg . special price - - - > $ 229 . 00 - - - - - ordering instructions - - - - - email us : macsvc @ bigfoot . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ m & a computer services , or any subsidiary thereof , accept no responsibility whatsoever for the content or legality of any advertisement that appears in any mailing . it is the advertisers responsibility to check with local , state , and federal laws pertaining to the product or service they advertise .
 "",1
 259,""Subject: free live sexxx ! ! ! !
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * attention video sex lovers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * never pay for video sex ever again . brand new totally free live video = sex website . come check out our unlimited live video sex channels ! http : / / 205 . 147 . 208 . 153 / hibaby . htm not forgetting our xxx rated chatroom , photo galleries , and so much = more !
 "",1
 260,""Subject: re : a real life saver ! !
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * you ' re probably just like i was . i usually did n't read unsolicated e - mail but i am sure glad i read = this one ! ! don """" t let this be the most expensive mistake of you life ! ! read on ! ! ! you ' ll be greatful you did ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * hello ! my name is karen liddell ; i ' m a 35 - year-old mom , wife , and part-time = accountant . as a rule , i delete all = 20 unsolicited """" junk """" e-mail and use my account primarily for business . i = received what i assumed was this = 20 same e-mail countless times and deleted it each time . about two months = ago i received it again and , = 20 because of the catchy subject line , i finally read it . afterwards , i = thought , """" ok , i give in , i ' m going to try = 20 this . i can certainly afford to invest $ 20 and , on the other hand , = there 's nothing wrong with creating a = 20 little excess cash . """" i promptly mailed four $ 5 bills and , after = receiving the reports , paid a friend of mine a = 20 small fee to send out some e-mail advertisements for me . after reading = the reports , i also learned how = 20 easy it is to bulk e-mail for free ! = 20 i was not prepared for the results . everyday for the last six weeks , my = p . o . box has been overflowing with = 20 $ 5 bills ; many days the excess fills up an extra mail bin and i ' ve had = to upgrade to the corporate-size box ! = 20 i am stunned by all the money that keeps rolling in ! my husband and i have been saving for several years to make a = substantial downpayment on a house . = 20 now , not only are we purchasing a house with 40 % down , we ' re going to = venice , italy to celebrate ! i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be = prepared to eventually set aside about an = 20 hour each day to follow up ( and count your money ! ) , you will make at = least as much money as we did . = 20 you do n't need to be a wiz at the computer , but i ' ll bet you already = are . if you can open an envelope , = 20 remove the money , and send an mail , then you ' re on your way to the bank . = take the time to read this so = 20 you ' ll understand how easy it is . if i can do this , so can you ! = 20 go for it now ! ! = karen liddell the following is a copy of the e-mail i read along with comments from = people who have tried it : $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the = rule of not trying to place = 20 your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot = of potential income . i ' m living proof = 20 that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy = money , with little cost to you . if you = 20 do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on = your way to financial security . = 20 sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a cost = accountant with a major u . s . = 20 corporation and i make pretty good money . when i received the program i = grumbled to doris about = 20 receiving """" junk mail . """" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my = knowledge of the population and = 20 percentages involved . i """" knew """" it would n't work . doris totally ignored = my supposed intelligence and = 20 jumped in with both feet . i made merciless fun of her , and was ready to = lay the old """" i told you so """" on her = 20 when the thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two = weeks she had received over 50 = 20 responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i = was shocked ! i was sure that i = 20 had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i = have joined doris in her """" hobby . """" i = 20 did have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the """" rat = race """" and it 's not for me . we owe it all = 20 to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md i just want to pass along my best wishes and encouragement to you . any = doubts you have will vanish = 20 when your first orders come in . i even checked with the u . s . post office = to verify that the plan was legal . = 20 it definitely is ! it works ! ! ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is = honest , lawful , extremely profitable , = 20 and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was = approached several times before i = 20 checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return = for the minimal effort and money = 20 required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 = weeks , with money still coming in . = 20 sincerely yours , = 20 phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind = to participate in this plan . but = 20 conservative that i am , i decided that the initial investment was so = little that there was just no way that i = 20 would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i = surprised when i found my medium - size post office box crammed with orders ! for awhile , it got so = overloaded that i had to start picking up = 20 my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years = of my life before . the nice thing = 20 about this deal is that it does n't matter where in the u . s . the people = live . there simply is n't a better = 20 investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i wondered = if i should n't have given it a try . of = 20 course , i had no idea who to contact to get another copy , so i had to = wait until i was e-mailed another = 20 program . . . 11 months passed then it came . . . i did n't delete this one ! . . . i = made more than $ 41 , 000 on the first = 20 try ! ! d . wilburn , muncie , in this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our = jobs , and will soon buy a home on the = 20 beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that = this plan will work for you is if = 20 you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this = golden opportunity . good luck and = 20 happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa this program had been deleted from my e-mail a couple of times . one day = i decided to finally give it a try . = 20 i owed over $ 35 , 000 on bills and had bill collectors harrasing me daily . = i was not making enough money = 20 working at my job , and i was considering bankruptcy . within 90 days i = had paid off all my bills and was = 20 able to quit my 9 to 5 job . now i have time to enjoy life and do and buy = whatever i want . i even had = 20 enough money left over to buy a brand new car . all in one try ! ! this is = great ! ! you have to try = 20 it , you can ' t loose for only a $ 20 investment ! ! ! it really works ! ! ! = 09 carl espin , port richey , fl $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then read it again ! ! ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you = may ever see . many times over , = 20 it has demonstrated and proven its ability to generate large amounts of = cash . this program is showing = 20 fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population = desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not = require you to come in contact with = 20 people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the = house , except to get the mail and go = 20 to the bank ! = 20 this truly is that lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow = the easy instructions in this letter , = 20 and your financial dreams will come true ! when followed correctly , = multi-level marketing program works = 20 perfectly . . . 100 % every time ! = 20 thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts = 20 - buy homes , cars , etc . = 20 - even retire ! = 20 this is your chance , so do n't pass it up ! = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary = 20 electronic multi-level marketing program = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - what we do is quite simple : we sell a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to nothing to reproduce . as = with all multi-level businesses , we = 20 build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . = every state in the u . s . allows you = 20 to recruit new multi - level business online ( via your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial = reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . when = 20 you purchase the reports , you are granted permission to copy and sell = them . each order you receive via = 20 """" snail mail """" will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * their e-mail address ( optional ) * a stamped , self-adressed envelope for you to send them the requested = report to fill each order , you simply enclose the requested report in the = stamped self-addressed envelope you = 20 receive with each order , and mail the product to the buyer . = 20 that ' s it ! the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest electronic = multi-level marketing business = 20 anywhere ! = 20 follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to receive the = 20 staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if = you do n't order them ) * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the = report you are ordering , a stamped , self-addressed envelope , and your e-mail address ( optional ) to the person whose name appears = on the = 20 list next to the report . = 20 * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four = reports . you = 20 will need all four reports so that you can save them and resell = them . * within a few days you will receive , via mail , each of the four = reports . save them so they will be accessible for you to send to the 1 , 000 's = of people = 20 who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next = to each = 20 report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is = instructed below in = 20 steps """" a """" through """" d """" or you will lose out on the majority of your = profits . once you understand the way this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't = work if you = 20 change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter = it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , replace the name and = address under = 20 report # 1 with your name and address , moving the one that was = there down to report # 2 . = 20 c . move the name and address that was under report # 2 down to = report # 3 . = 20 d . move the name and address that was under report # 3 down to = report # 4 . = 20 e . the name and address that was under report # 4 is removed from = the list and has no doubt collected their 50 grand * * * * * please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address = accurately ! ! ! * * * * * 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and = save it to your = 20 computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this = letter . = 20 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the worldwide = web ! = 20 advertising on the web is very , very inexpensive , and there are = hundreds of = 20 free places to advertise . another avenue which you could use for = advertising is e-mail lists . you can buy these lists for under $ 20 / 2 , 000 = addresses or you can pay someone a minimal charge to take care of it for you . be sure to = start = 20 your ad campaign immediately ! 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is mail them the report = they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all = 20 orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with = your = 20 name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise = until they receive the report ! = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - reports = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * order each report by number and = name * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report = 20 - always send your order via first class mail = 20 - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets = of paper ( or place it into the sase ) = 20 - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of = the report you are ordering , and ( b ) your e-mail address . - on the self addressed stamped envelope remember to put your postal = address . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """" = 20 order report # 1 from : = 20 atp marketing group p . o . box 821438 south florida , fl , 33082-1438 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """" major corporations and multi-level sales """" = 20 order report # 2 from : sun angel investing po box 311 chaska , mn 55318 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """" sources for the best mailing lists """" order report # 3 from : ps investments po box 21 carver , mn 55315 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """" evaluating multi-level sales plans """" order report # 4 from : djs investments 601 pamela dr . clarks summit pa 18411 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ $ money $ $ = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . = assume your goal is to get 10 people to = 20 participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the = internet will easily get a larger = 20 response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only = 10 downline = 20 members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals = - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only = recruit 10 people each . think for a = 20 moment what would happen if they got 20 people to participate ! most = people get 100 's of participants ! = 20 think about it ! your cost to participate in this is practically nothing = ( surely you can afford $ 20 ) . = 20 you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! = report # 3 shows you the most = 20 productive methods for bulk e-mailing and purchasing e-mail lists . some = list & bulk e-mail vendors even = 20 work on trade ! about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow = the = 20 directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when the = orders start coming in , because when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send = out = 20 the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & = lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the = u . s . code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which state = that = 20 """" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . """" = 20 * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the = instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two = weeks , continue advertising until you do . = 20 then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for = report # 2 . if you = 20 do n't , continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or = more orders for report # 2 , you = 20 can relax , because the = 20 system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll = in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front = of a different report . you = 20 can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are = ordering from you . if you = 20 want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mails and start = the whole process again ! there is = 20 no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! note : if you need help with starting a business , registering a business = name , how income tax is = 20 handled , etc . , contact your local office of the small business = administration ( a federal agency ) for free = 20 help and answers to questions . also , the internal revenue service offers = free help via telephone and free = 20 seminars about business taxes . you become successful the moment you start moving toward a worthwhile = 20 goal . . . . . . do it now ! ! ! ! ! order your reports today and get started on your road to financial = 20 freedom ! !
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 261,""Subject: idea
  
  it is finally here ! ! ! stealth power mail has just been released ! ! ! commercial e - mail just got better ! ! ! introducting the fastest , most affordable user friendly targeted email = prgram . if you are doing business on the internet , the one tool you = do n't want to be without is stealth power mail . this hot new program has it all ! * ultra send , for faster delivery of your message . * enter over 15 smtp 's for speeds as high as 350 , 000 per hour . * aol stealth * alias header masking * randomization of the from address : field * personalize your email . ex hello bob ! * the to : field has a drop down window for easy viewing * shows date and time of mailing * has a bad send file = 20 * has a built in receive and reply ( like and autoresponder ) would you be interested in . . . sending out a free commercial email advertisement for you business or = webpage to over 250 , 000 people per day ? receiving 35 , 000 , 000 email addresses which can be used in your commercial emailings , free of charge ? you may shudder at the thought of commercial email . . . but the simple = truth is . . . commercial email works ! if it did not work , then you wouldn ' t be reading this your competition is sending out electronic email advertisement to over = 50 , 000 , 000 people on the internet ! why are n't you ? thousands of companies are sending out commercial email to dramatically = increase their profits and so should you ! even fortune 500 companies = send out electronic email to millions of people ! with stealth power mail you are reaching 250 , 000 people every day = 20 for free . your business will dramatically improve ! we can show you the way ! stealth power mail will do the rest . for more information email = 20 dwt45 @ hotmail . com or call us directly at 1-216 - 732-3263 u . s . = 20 big money for interested resellers ! ! ! to be removed from our list , email antispam @ mailexite . com = 20
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 262,""Subject: family name history
  
  discover your family history come visit our website at , http : / / www . traceit . com free search do you know who your ancestors are and what they did ? do you know when your surname first appeared ? are you curious about where your family roots originate ? now you can fill in the missing pieces of this puzzle . join the satisfied multitudes who have discovered their complete family surname history . all nationalities . it 's easy . just key your last name into our online index , and in seconds we will tell you it 's origin and much more . see if we ' ve researched your complete family name history during our 25 years of professional research . read a sample history , plus - free coat of arms keychain with your family 's most ancient coat of arms & crest . all in full color . your family name history parchment is 11x 17 """" , approximately 1700 words . it is beautifully illuminated by your most ancient coat of arms in full authentic heraldic colors . over 500 urls on family and heraldic history . please come visit our website at , http : / / www . traceit . com free search hall of names international inc . 1-888 - my - roots
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 263,""Subject: re :
  
  = 20 the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial = intelligence = 20 programs for your ibm pc or compatible and also for macintosh . you = 20 can watch them , talk to them , ask them questions , tell them secrets , and = relate with them . watch them as you ask them to take off different = clothes and guide them through many different activities . watch and participate = in the hottest sexual activities available on computer , including : several sexual positions , using many unique toys , even bringing in multiple = partners . this is no doubt one of the most realistic , sexually stimulating = computer games available . they will remember your name , birthday , your likes and = your dislikes . every time you start the program , they say different things , = and act differently . each time , they have a different personality . with the = vga digital graphics , the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend software = have some of the hottest , sexiest graphics out there . and with a = soundblaster or compatible card , you can actually hear their voice as they talk to you . = this is the first adult software title that was designed for both = heterosexual and homosexual people . i would like you to try the actual full copy out = before it is put on the market . it will be sold for 1 / 5 of the actual price = ( $ 10 . 00 ) until i can get back some information on what people think of the = program . = 20 please give it a try and write back any comments . thank you . if you are interested and would like to order a copy , then you can = read the mailing instructions below . it comes in an unmarked package and is = sent out at most 4 days after the order is received . you are not put on any mailing lists whatsoever , guaranteed . it will run on any 386 , 486 or = higher , = 20 and 100 % ibm compatibles . required is vga graphics , and a hard drive . = 20 the sound card is optional . macintosh requires at least 4 meg of ram . = 20 virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence programs , meaning they are completely interactive . it would be just like = if you were talking to someone . you can actually have simple = conversations . = 20 their attitudes change with the different things you say , so you can say things that will upset them , and then say things that will please them . = the more you play / talk with them , the more you learn what they can do , and = what = 20 they like to do . it really is a blast . with all these movies coming out about virtual reality , it 's amazing to actually have a virtual reality program like this for your own computer . it 's easy to install , and instructions are easy to follow . = 20 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ special software offer ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this is to inform you about the new adult game that vcs magazine rated """" the best game of """" 97 """" . """" the search for paradise is no doubt one = 20 of the greatest xxx adult games available """" . the first games where it is as much fun as it is a turn on ! travel the world to every continent , = every country you can think of , and meet some of the most beautiful women in existence . these women will treat you like a king and obey your every command . any sexual wish you can think of , these women know it all . = 20 there is a different paradise for every guy out there , and this game = will have them all . this game uses real models , digital video , and digital = sound to make it as realistic as possible . you will feel like you ' re in the = same room as the girl you ' re talking to ! ! ! as an added bonus you ' ll receive """" club celebrity x """" meet , talk to and even have your way with the celebrities of your = choice . imagine being in a club with some very beautiful , well known , = actual celebrities ! you have seen these girls on t . v . , magazines and = billboard ads . now they are on your computer begging for action . this game is hot = and once you start playing , you won't be able to stop ! ! ! ~ required : 386 or better , 4 meg ram or better , windows 3 . 1 or higher = ( win95 is fine ) , sound card is optional , rom is optional . ( game is given = either cd - rom or compressed 3 . 5 """" diskettes ) . ~ ~ $ 19 . 95 ! order now and get everything for just = $ 24 . 95 ! ! ! ! = 20 at your request , the programs can come with a password protection = utility that only allows the program to run when the correct password is = entered . = 20 = 20 ( you must be 18 or over to purchase ) please fill out the following form and mail it to the address above . = 20 ( feel free to write out the order form by hand ) = 20 send to : mark wrhel p . o . box 0118 tujunga , ca . 91043 = 20 = 20 your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do you have an ibm ( ) or mac ( ) ? cd rom ( ) or disks ( ) ? ( ) virtual girdfriend or ( ) boyfriend for $ 10 . 00 ( ) * both just = $ 15 . 95 ( ) the search for paradise and club celebrity x for $ 19 . 95 ( ) everything ! ! ! the search for paradise , club celebrity x , virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend . = 20 > > > > all for just $ 24 . 95 = 20
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 264,""Subject: home business : $ 10 k / mth : no selling : no mlm ! !
  
  = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d this is a one time mailing . there is no need to hit reply or seek to be = removed from a list . thank you . . . = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d are you afraid of success ? let me scare you to death ! hello entrepreneur ! my name is dave starkey , question - what if . . . = 20 you could earn . . . an immediate , substantial $ 5 , 000 - $ 10 , 000 + = 20 monthly income . . . in as little as 45-90 days - - and all it required was = a = 20 telephone ? what if i could show you how to generate a six figure income in just = 20 several months ? i ' m not talking about the elusive dream of residual income in network = 20 marketing . this is not mlm ! not a chain letter or other online scam ! = 20 i ' m truly earning much more every week than i ever before earned = 20 monthly chasing success in other programs ! i made $ 20 , 000 in my first month ! i ' ll teach you how ! ! ! what is it that i and so many others are doing ? = 3d = 3d > call now to find out : 1-800 - 322-6169 ext . 9508 = 20 seriously , if i can do this , anyone can . what if you do even better than i am ? best of success to you , and thanks for your time . sincerely , dave starkey
 "",1
 265,""Subject: re : your free web site
  
  this is a """" one-time message """" you were randomly selected to receive = this . = 20 you will be automatically deleted from this mailing list . only replies = will be kept . there is no need to reply to remove , you will receive no = further mailings from us . new improved with free internet software ! free bulk e mail system , = two free web sites to use as you wish ! one of your free web sites is in = this letter ! , ongoing support ( optional ) , and a lot , lot more ! all = included ! , this , all when you order all four reports . that 's worth $ 20 = dollars alone ! plus act now and you will recived via e mail from 50 , 000 = to-100 , 000 , 000 ! ! ! free filtered e-ma il addresses ! . all for you ! this is = not a pyramid ! this is not a chain letter , this was not sent through = the post office mail ! there is product , support , news letters and more ! = this is new and revised ! all via e mail ! \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ $ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ = \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ you are about to make at least $ 50 , 000 usd in about 90 days or less ! read the enclosed program . . . then read it again . . . then print it out to = review . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / dear friend , the enclosed information is something i almost let slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . my name is christopher erickson . two years ago , the corporation i worked at for the past twelve years down-sized and my position was eliminated . after unproductive job interviews , i decided to open my own business . over the past year , i incurred many unforeseen financial problems . i owed my family , friends , and creditors over $ 35 , 000 . the economy was taking a toll on my business and i just could n't seem to make ends meet . i had to refinance and borrow against my home to support my family and struggling business . i truly believe it was wrong for me to be in debt like this . at that moment something significant happened in my life and i am writing to share my experience in hopes that this will change your life forever . . . . financially ! ! ! in mid - december , i received this program via email . six months prior to receiving this program i had been sending away for information on various business opportunities . all of the programs i received , in my opinion , were not cost effective . they were either too difficult for me to comprehend or the initial investment was too much for me to risk to see if they worked or not . one claimed i 'd make a million dollars in one year . . . it did n't tell me i 'd have to write a book to make it . but like i was saying , in december of ' 92 i received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off a mailing list . thank goodness for that ! ! ! after reading it several times , to = make sure i was reading it correctly , i could n't believe my eyes . = 20 here was a money-making phenomenon . i could invest as much as i wanted = to start , without putting me further in debt . after i got a pencil and paper and figured it out , i would at least get my money back . after determining that the program is legal and not a chain letter , i decided """" why not """" . initially i sent out 10 , 000 emails . it only cost me about $ 15 . 00 for my time on-line . the great thing about email is that i did n't need any money for printing to send out the program , only the cost to fulfill my orders . i am telling you like it is , i hope it does n't turn you off , but i promised myself that i would not """" rip-off """" anyone , no matter how much money it cost me ! . in less than one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by january 13th , i had received 26 orders for report # 1 . when you read the guarantee in the program , you will see that """" you must receive = 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks . if you don ' t , send out more = programs until you do ! """" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in 90 days was = done . by january 30th , i had received 196 orders for report # 2 . if you = go back to the guarantee , """" you must receive 100 or more orders for report # 2 within two weeks . if not , send out more = programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , = relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goal . """" well , i had 196 orders for = report # 2 , 96 more than i needed . so i sat back and relaxed . by march = 19th , of my emailing of 10 , 000 packets , i received $ 58 , 000 with more = coming in every day . i paid off all my debts and bought a much needed new car . please take time to read the attached program , it will change your life forever ! remember , it wont work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place . it does n't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! report # 2 explains this . = 20 always follow the guarantee , 20 orders for report # 1 , and 100 or more orders for report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or more in about = 90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i ' m sorry . it really is a great opportunity with little cost or risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to financial security . if you are a fellow business owner and you are in financial trouble like i was , or you want to start your own business , consider this a sign . i did ! sincerely , christopher erickson ps do you have any idea what 11 , 700 $ 5 bills ( $ 58 , 000 ) look like piled up on a kitchen table ? it ' s awesome ! """" threw it away """" """" i had received this program before . i threw it away , but later wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to contact to get a copy , so i had to wait until i was emailed another copy of the program . eleven months passed , then it came . i didn ' t throw this one away . i made $ 41 , 000 on the first try . """" dawn w . , evansville , in """" no free lunch """" """" my late father always told me , ' remember , alan , there is no free lunch in life . you get out of life what you put into it . ' through trial and error and a somewhat slow frustrating start , i finally figured it out . the program works very well , i just had to find the right target group of people to email it to . so far this year , i have made over $ 63 , 000 using this program . i know my dad would have been very proud of me . """" alan b . , philadelphia , pa a personal note from the originator of this program by the time you have read the enclosed information and looked over the enclosed program and reports , you should have concluded that such a program , and one that is legal , could not have been created by an amateur . let me tell you a little about myself . i had a profitable business for ten years . then in 1979 my business began falling off . i was doing the same things that were previously successful for me , but it was n't working . finally , i figured it out . it was n't me , it was the economy . inflation and recession had replaced the stable economy that had been with us since 1945 . i do n't have to tell you what happened to the unemployment rate . . . because many of you know from first hand experience . there were more failures and bankruptcies than ever before . the middle class was vanishing . those who knew what they were doing = invested wisely and moved up . those who did not , including those who = never had anything to save or invest , were moving down into the ranks of = the poor . as the saying goes , """" the rich get richer and the poor get = poorer . """" the traditional methods of making money will never allow you = to """" move up """" or """" get rich """" , inflation will see to that . you have just received information that can give you financial freedom for the rest of your life , with """" no risk """" and """" just a little bit of effort . """" you can make more money in the next few months than you have = ever imagined . i should also point out that i will not see a penny of your money , nor anyone else who has provided a testimonial for this program . i have already made over four million dollars ! i have retired from the program after sending out over 16 , 000 programs . now i have several offices which market this and several other programs here in the us and overseas . by the spring , we wish to market the ' internet ' by a partnership with america on line . follow the program exactly as instructed . do not change it in any way . = it works exceedingly well as it is now . remember to email a copy of = this exciting program to everyone that you can think of . one of the people you send this to may send out 50 , 000 . . . and your name will be on every one of them ! . remember though , the more you send out , the = more potential customers you will reach . so my friend , i have given you the ideas , information , materials and opportunity to become financially independent , it is up to you now ! """" think about it """" before you delete this program from your mailbox , as i almost did , take a little time to read it and really think about it . get a pencil and figure out what could happen when you participate . figure out the worst possible response and no matter how you calculate it , you will still make a lot of money ! definitely get back what you invested . = 20 any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . it works ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc here ' s how this amazing program will make you $ $ $ $ $ $ let 's say that you decide to start small , just to see how it goes , and we ' ll assume you and all those involved send out 20 , 000 programs each . let 's also assume that the mailing receives a . 5 % response . using a good list the response could be much better . also many people will send out hundreds of thousands of programs instead of 20 , 000 . but continuing with this example , you send out only 20 , 000 programs . with a . 5 % response , that is only 10 orders for report # 1 . those 10 people respond by sending out 20 , 000 programs each for a total of 200 , 000 . out of those . 5 % , 100 people respond and order report # 2 . those 100 mail out 20 , 000 programs each for a total of 2000 , 000 . the . 5 % response to that is 1 , 000 orders for report # 3 . those 1 , 000 send out 20 , 000 programs each for a 2 , 000 , 000 total . the . 5 % response to that is 10 , 000 orders for report # 4 . that 's 10 , 000 five dollar bills for you . cash ! ! ! ! your total income in this example is $ 50 + $ 500 + $ 5000 + $ 50 , 000 for a total of $ 55 , 550 ! ! ! ! remember friend , this is assuming 1 , 990 out of 2 , 000 people you mail to = will do absolutely nothing . . . and trash this program ! dare to think for = a moment what would happen if everyone or half sent out 100 , 000 programs instead of only 2 , 000 . believe me , many people will do = that and more ! by the way , your cost to participate in this is = practically nothing . you obviously already have an internet connection and email is free ! ! ! report # 3 will show you the best methods for bulk emailing and purchasing email lists . this is a legitimate , now very legal , money making opportunity . it does = not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and = best of all , you never have to leave the house except to get the mail . if you believe that someday you ' ll get that big break that you ' ve been waiting for , this is it ! simply follow the instructions , and your dream will come true . this multi-level email order marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time . email is the sales tool of the future . take advantage of this non-commercialized method of advertising now ! ! the longer you wait , the more people will be doing business using email . get your piece of this action ! ! multi-level marketing ( mlm ) has finally gained respectability . it is = being taught in the harvard business school , and both stanford research and the wall street journal have stated that between 50 % and = 65 % of all goods and services will be sold throughout multi - level methods by the mid to late 1990 's . this is a multi - billion dollar industry and of the 500 , 000 millionaires in the us , 20 % ( 100 , 000 ) made their fortune in the last several years in mlm . moreover , statistics show 45 people become millionaires everyday through multi - level marketing . instructions we at erris mail order marketing business , have a method of raising capital that really works 100 % every time . i am sure that you could use = $ 50 , 000 to $ 125 , 000 in the next 90 days . before you say """" bull """" , please read the program carefully . this is not a chain letter , but a now perfectly legal money making opportunity . basically , this is what we do : as with all multi-level business , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the usa allows you to recruit new multi - level business partners , and we offer a product for every dollar sent . your orders come and are filled through the mail , so you are not = involved in personal selling . you do it privately in your own home , = store or office . this is the greatest multi - level mail order marketing anywhere : step ( 1 ) order all four 4 reports listed by name and number . do this by ordering the report from each of the four 4 names listed on the next page . for each report , send $ 5 cash and a self - addressed , stamped envelope ( business size # 10 ) = 20 to the person listed for the specific report . international = = 20 orders should also include $ 2 extra for postage . it is essential that you specify the name and number of the report requested to the person you are ordering from . you will need all four 4 reports because you will be reprinting and reselling them . do not alter the names or sequence other than what the instructions say . important : always provide same-day service on all orders . step ( 2 ) replace the name and address under report # 1 with yours , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . drop the name and address under report # 2 to report # 3 , moving the one that was there to report # 4 . the name and address that was under report # 4 is dropped from the list and this party is no doubt on the way to the bank . when doing this , make certain you type the names and addresses accurately ! do not mix up moving product / report positions ! ! ! step ( 3 ) having made the required changes in the name list , save it as a text ( . txt ) file in it 's own directory to be used with whatever email program you like . again , report # 3 will tell you the best methods of bulk emailing and acquiring email lists . step ( 4 ) email a copy of the entire program ( all of this is very important ) to everyone whose address you can get your hands on . start with friends and relatives since you can encourage them to take advantage of this fabulous = 20 money-making opportunity . that 's what i did . and they love me now , more than ever . then , email to anyone and everyone ! use your imagination ! you can get email addresses from companies on the internet who specialize in email mailing lists . these are very cheap , 100 , 000 addresses for around $ 35 . 00 . important : you won't get a good response if you use an old list , so always request a fresh , new list . you will find out where to purchase these lists when you order the four 4 reports . always provide same-day service on all orders ! ! ! required reports * * * order each report by number and name * * * always send a self-addressed , stamped envelope and $ 5 usd cash for each order requesting the specific report by name and number ( international orders should also include $ 2 usd extra for postage ) = 20 add your e amil address when sending in for your report this is for = 20 updated information and continueing support ( optional ) that will = 20 be handed down by your sponcers pipeline . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """" order report # 1 from : a . siegmund # 57 trakehnenstr . 13 53332 bornheim , germany _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """" major corporations and multi-level sales """" order report # 2 from : j . maz 15774 s . lagrange rd suite # 312 orland pk , il 60462 usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """" sources for the best mailing lists """" order report # 3 from : b . thompson 13504 greencaslte ridge tr . 404 burtonsville md . 20866 usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """" evaluating multi-level sales plans """" order report # 4 from : muw # 2 po box 71442 salt lake city , ut 84171-0442 usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conclusion one of your free web sites can be registered at = http : / / www . freeyellow . com / . i am enjoying my fortune that i made by sending out this program . you too , will be making money in 20 to 90 days , if you follow the simple steps outlined in this mailing . to be financially independent is to be free . free to make financial decisions as never before . go into business , get into investments , retire or take a vacation . = 20 = = = = = = 09 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - headers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - return - path : received : from relay01 . mail . aol . com ( relay01 . mail . aol . com = [ 170 . 31 . 108 . 127 ] ) by air21 . mail . aol . com ( v37 . 0 ) with smtp ; mon , 22 dec = 1997 12 : 34 : 39 - 0500 received : from bonaly . hw . ac . uk ( bonaly . hw . ac . uk [ 130 . 195 . 251 . 5 ] ) by relay01 . mail . aol . com ( 8 . 8 . / 8 . 8 . / aol - 4 . 5 . 0 ) with smtp id maa19336 ; mon , 22 dec 1997 12 : 29 : 50 - 0500 ( est ) date : mon , 22 dec 1997 12 : 29 : 50 - 0500 ( est ) from : ziaza99 @ sh . hit . no received : from 007 ( sdn-ts - 047mdrelrp11 . dialsprint . net ) by = bonaly . hw . ac . uk ( mx v4 . 2 axp ) with smtp ; mon , 22 dec 1997 17 : 29 : 48 + 0000 ( gmt ) to : ziaza99 @ sh . hit . no comments : authenticated sender is subject : freefree web site now message - id : = 09 = = 20 - - = 20
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 266,""Subject: > > free low rate phone card giveaway . . .
  
  = 20 """" news flash """" * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * """" internet promotions , llc teams up with top player in the phone card = industry """" * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * internet promotions , llc has just signed a major marketing , distributor = 20 contract with """" new media telecom inc . """" . this means all our valued = 20 subscribers , students , vacationers , travelers , business people , etc . . = can = 20 now reap huge savings on long distance calls made from home or away = 20 from home . = 20 to celebrate we would like to give you a free re-chargable telecard . = 20 use it anytime , anywhere in the u . s . pay only 19 cents per minute . phone cards are finding their way into the hands of just about everyone = 20 who needs an easy and inexpensive way to make phone calls . = 20 everybody can now harvest the benefits of owning their own pre - paid = 20 phone card . = 20 * * start saving money on long distance today ! = 20 here 's just a few of the advantages that pre - paid phone cards offer : = 20 * low domestic and international long distance rates . new media telecom = 20 phone card long distance rates are substantially lower than most = payphone , = 20 collect or calling card rates , whether your calling across the street , = or any part of the u . s . the price is """" always """" the same . . . only 19 cents . * the rate is the same no matter what the time of day , or the day of the = week . = 20 * no phone surcharges : toll - free access numbers let you avoid calling = 20 surcharges from hotels and local phone service providers . = 20 * no surprise charges just one low rate 24 - hours a day , seven days a = week . the new media telecom pre-paid telecard delivers the safety and = 20 security that you want for yourself and loved ones . their advanced = 20 communications center ensures that you can stay in touch no matter = 20 where you are trekking through , the middle of the city , or the middle = 20 of nowhere . the average long distance phone call away from home using at&t , sprint , = 20 or mci can cost you between 40 to 90 cents per minute . = 20 now you can make calls anytime , anywhere for one flat fee from """" any """" = touch tone phone . . . + always 19 = a2 / min , 24hrs / day , every day from any touch-tone phone in the = usa , including hawaii and alaska . = 20 + no more hidden access charges . = 20 + no more expensive hotel phone charges . = 20 + no changeover or monthly fees . = 20 + no need to get a new calling card if you get a new phone number . = 20 + no more expensive pay phone calls . = 20 + no credit checks or applications . = 20 + no minimum use / time limits . = 20 * * consider these money saving advantages and conveniences : > you determine the dollar balance of your card ( minimum $ 25 or 131 = 20 minutes ) . use any touch-tone phone and major credit card or send check = 20 or money order . = 20 > rechargeable , so the same card is good forever . = 20 > saves you more money and is easier to use than other cards . = 20 > you are told your card balance each time you make a call . = 20 > when rate decreases , you will automatically receive lower rate . = 20 * * * who can save on long distance and operator assisted calls ? = 20 everyone . . . teenagers , college students , & military personnel . = 20 - no more expensive collect calls . = 20 - roommates . . . no more disputes over long distance bills . = 20 - anyone on vacation or on business trips , great for emergencies when = 20 you can't find change . = 20 - useful and universal gift for all occasions . would you like to receive this card today . . . free ? ? = 20 everyone makes long distance calls . . . so why not save money in the meantime ? = 20 simply click the link below to send us an email to request your free = 20 calling card . type """" free card """" in the """" subject field """" . please include the following information in your email message so = 20 we can mail your card out today ! name address city , state , zip phone request card now . . click here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - headers = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - received : from emi60 . mail . smtp76 ( emin60 . mx . [ 19 . 81 . 19 . 148 ] ) by = 20 air08 . mail . com ( v33 ) with smtp ; 1997 08 : 34 : 37 2000 received : from ( hd12 - 141 . hil . compuserve . com [ 206 . 175 . 203 . 141 by emin60 . mail . m ( 8 . 8 . 5 / 8 . 8 . 5 / aol - 4 . 0 . 0 with smtp id iaa15292 1997 08 : 34 : 08 - 0400 ( edt ) from : 91379499 received : from = 20 mrin86 . mx . by mri86 . mail . ( 8 . 8 . 5 / 8 . 5 ) with smtp id gaa0174 for = 20 ; 1997 06 : 47 : 01 - 0600 ( est ) date : 97 06 : 47 : 01 est to : 43231jpg @ woyw . com = 20 message - id : comments : authenticated sender is received : from emi60 . mail . smtp76 ( emin60 . mx . [ 19 . 81 . 19 . 148 ] ) by = 20 air08 . mail . com ( v33 ) with smtp ; 1997 08 : 34 : 37 2000 received : from ( hd12 - 141 . hil . compuserve . com [ 206 . 175 . 203 . 141 by emin60 . mail . m ( 8 . 8 . 5 / 8 . 8 . 5 / aol - 4 . 0 . 0 with smtp id iaa15292 1997 08 : 34 : 08 - 0400 ( edt ) from : 91379499 received : from = 20 mrin86 . mx . by mri86 . mail . ( 8 . 8 . 5 / 8 . 5 ) with smtp id gaa0174 for = 20 ; 1997 06 : 47 : 01 - 0600 ( est ) date : 97 06 : 47 : 01 est to : 43231jpg @ woyw . com = 20 message - id : comments : authenticated sender is
 "",1
 267,""Subject: free live sex ! ! !
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * attention video sex lovers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * stop paying per minute charges and expensive recurrimg billing for live = video sex . cum check out our totally free website with unlimited live video sex = channels . http : / / www . cum - 2 - me-baby . com / freesex . htm not forgetting our xxx chatrooms , mega photogallery , and so much more for = free ! ! ! !
 "",1
 268,""Subject: re : coupons , savings , wholesale , discounts
  
  please take a few moments and read about our free discount club . = 20 we offer at * no charge * to our subscribers nationally known products at substantial discounts . how substantial , below retail , in some cases at wholesale . there is no fee , charge , or cost to you to receive these discounts and coupons . our sponsors provide this to you , our subscribers , free of charge ! ! = 20 this is not a solicitation of sale ! it is an opportunity to save money on products and services your entire family will enjoy there is no fee or charge to you ; the subscriber ! = 20 what can we offer ? discounts on the following types of goods . = 20 tools , all kinds of tools , lifetime warranty . these goods are from one of the biggest and best known retailers in the country . with locations all across the united states . = 20 coupons , save on everything from oil changes and batteries to tires . = 20 weekend family outing ? discount coupons for theaters , attractions , and amusements . = 20 travel discounts and lodging . planning a trip ? you may receive discounts for cruise lines , auto rentals , a mountaintop or beach resort for the entire family . = 20 save on special and limited edition books , clothing , collectibles . we are currently negotiating with a leading manufacturer of children 's and teen clothing for wholesale pricing = 20 black forest cuckoo clocks , imported from germany , your price 25 % to 40 % less than retail . with a one year warranty ! = 20 computers and or the upgrades you need . how 's this for savings : 40 % off retail for current state of the art equipment . not outdated or phased out goods . = 20 home furnishings ? one of our sponsors is the premier producer of tabletop fountains and giftware . our subscribers receive wholesale pricing . = 20 camping / outdoor equipment : 30 % below retail . nationally known products . everything from sleeping bags to cookstoves and tents . lifetime warranty on all products . = 20 our newsletter will be delivered to you on each occasion we have a savings opportunity for you and your family . you will have the opportunity to save money on great products at discount prices ! all for free , no charge or fee to you the subscriber . = 20 there are no fees to you , the subscriber , all costs are sponsor paid . = 20 how can you take advantage of these savings and discount offers ? = 20 it 's easy ! send e-mail to subscribe we notify you , via e-mail of our best money saving offers , discounts and coupons . = 20 should our invitation and or subsequent offers not be of interest to you , please inform us by responding to : remove = 20 your request will be honored immediately ! = 20 pledge to our subscribers . = 20 1 . we will not make available to any party under any circumstances your reply to address . this information is held in the strictest = 20 of confidence . = 20 2 . all products available to you , the subscriber , are intended for = 20 the household , and your children . = 20 3 . all products will be discounted from retail , either in price or = 20 with a coupon . = 20 the following information request is not mandatory , however if you choose to provide the name of your town and state , ( and we hope you do ) we then have the opportunity to localize our offers by state and town . live in new york ? discount tickets to the theater , the zoo , a money saving coupon for accommodations in the catskills . if we know your location we are able to better serve you , the subscriber . = 20 tell your friends , this is a wonderful opportunity for you and your family to save money . = 20 this subscription request may not be repeated . please join us today . start saving money ! = 20 = 20 our first newsletter is scheduled to be delivered in two weeks . = 20 just in time for christmas shopping . = 20 = 20 = 20 = 20 = 20 = 20 = 20 = 20 = 20
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 269,""Subject: free enterprise : 6 figures in 6 months : no selling : no mlm ! !
  
  = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d this is a one time mailing . there is no need to hit reply or seek to be = removed from a list . thank you . . . = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d are you afraid of success ? let me scare you to death ! hello entrepreneur ! my name is dave starkey , question - what if . . . = 20 you could earn . . . an immediate , substantial $ 5 , 000 - $ 10 , 000 + = 20 monthly income . . . in as little as 45-90 days - - and all it required was = a = 20 telephone ? what if i could show you how to generate a six figure income in just = 20 several months ? i ' m not talking about the elusive dream of residual income in network = 20 marketing . this is not mlm ! not a chain letter or other online scam ! = 20 i ' m truly earning much more every week than i ever before earned = 20 monthly chasing success in other programs ! i made $ 20 , 000 in my first month ! i ' ll teach you how ! ! ! what is it that i and so many others are doing ? = 3d = 3d > call now to find out : 1-800 - 322-6169 ext . 9508 = 20 seriously , if i can do this , anyone can . what if you do even better than i am ? best of success to you , and thanks for your time . sincerely , dave starkey
 "",1
 270,""Subject: re :
  
  = 20 the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial = intelligence = 20 programs for your ibm pc or compatible and also for macintosh . you = 20 can watch them , talk to them , ask them questions , tell them secrets , and = relate with them . watch them as you ask them to take off different = clothes and guide them through many different activities . watch and participate = in the hottest sexual activities available on computer , including : several sexual positions , using many unique toys , even bringing in multiple = partners . this is no doubt one of the most realistic , sexually stimulating = computer games available . they will remember your name , birthday , your likes and = your dislikes . every time you start the program , they say different things , = and act differently . each time , they have a different personality . with the = vga digital graphics , the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend software = have some of the hottest , sexiest graphics out there . and with a = soundblaster or compatible card , you can actually hear their voice as they talk to you . = this is the first adult software title that was designed for both = heterosexual and homosexual people . i would like you to try the actual full copy out = before it is put on the market . it will be sold for 1 / 5 of the actual price = ( $ 10 . 00 ) until i can get back some information on what people think of the = program . = 20 please give it a try and write back any comments . thank you . if you are interested and would like to order a copy , then you can = read the mailing instructions below . it comes in an unmarked package and is = sent out at most 4 days after the order is received . you are not put on any mailing lists whatsoever , guaranteed . it will run on any 386 , 486 or = higher , = 20 and 100 % ibm compatibles . required is vga graphics , and a hard drive . = 20 the sound card is optional . macintosh requires at least 4 meg of ram . = 20 virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence programs , meaning they are completely interactive . it would be just like = if you were talking to someone . you can actually have simple = conversations . = 20 their attitudes change with the different things you say , so you can say things that will upset them , and then say things that will please them . = the more you play / talk with them , the more you learn what they can do , and = what = 20 they like to do . it really is a blast . with all these movies coming out about virtual reality , it 's amazing to actually have a virtual reality program like this for your own computer . it 's easy to install , and instructions are easy to follow . = 20 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ special software offer ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this is to inform you about the new adult game that vcs magazine rated """" the best game of """" 97 """" . """" the search for paradise is no doubt one = 20 of the greatest xxx adult games available """" . the first games where it is as much fun as it is a turn on ! travel the world to every continent , = every country you can think of , and meet some of the most beautiful women in existence . these women will treat you like a king and obey your every command . any sexual wish you can think of , these women know it all . = 20 there is a different paradise for every guy out there , and this game = will have them all . this game uses real models , digital video , and digital = sound to make it as realistic as possible . you will feel like you ' re in the = same room as the girl you ' re talking to ! ! ! as an added bonus you ' ll receive """" club celebrity x """" meet , talk to and even have your way with the celebrities of your = choice . imagine being in a club with some very beautiful , well known , = actual celebrities ! you have seen these girls on t . v . , magazines and = billboard ads . now they are on your computer begging for action . this game is hot = and once you start playing , you won't be able to stop ! ! ! ~ required : 386 or better , 4 meg ram or better , windows 3 . 1 or higher = ( win95 is fine ) , sound card is optional , rom is optional . ( game is given = either cd - rom or compressed 3 . 5 """" diskettes ) . ~ ~ $ 19 . 95 ! order now and get everything for just = $ 24 . 95 ! ! ! ! = 20 at your request , the programs can come with a password protection = utility that only allows the program to run when the correct password is = entered . = 20 = 20 ( you must be 18 or over to purchase ) please fill out the following form and mail it to the address above . = 20 ( feel free to write out the order form by hand ) = 20 send to : mark wrhel p . o . box 0118 tujunga , ca . 91043 = 20 = 20 your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do you have an ibm ( ) or mac ( ) ? cd rom ( ) or disks ( ) ? ( ) virtual girdfriend or ( ) boyfriend for $ 10 . 00 ( ) * both just = $ 15 . 95 ( ) the search for paradise and club celebrity x for $ 19 . 95 ( ) everything ! ! ! the search for paradise , club celebrity x , virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend . = 20 > > > > all for just $ 24 . 95 = 20
 "",1
 271,""Subject: no loan debt consolidations
  
  no loan debt consolidation program are you like many and have more bills than income ? now that the = holidays are over , the bills start rolling in . well you should take advantage of this = offer for you to = 20 consolidate all your bills into one payment . there is no credit check = needed to even = 20 get approved for this program . no co - signer , no income limit , bad or no = credit ok . . . . . 90 % approval rate . cut interest payments . . . . . consolidate those credit = card balances . = 20 hit reply with daytime phone # and your name . we will contact you as = soon as possible . program is designed for people with bad or poor credit . not = direct loan to you , payments are sent to creditors . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ free offers below # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # | this is a free $ 10 . 00 calling card ! = | | = | | to activate this calling card = | | call 1-800 - 962-2190 acct rep : pe707779 = | | = | | they give you a card number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | | = | | to use dial : 1 ) 1-888 - 835-3444 2 ) enter your card # , = | | 3 ) dial 1 + area code + number . # # places another call . | # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ask about one free week each month of unlimited long distance calls . 24 hours , 7 days , no limitations apply ! ! ! ! ! ! all the calls you can make for a week each month . call the 800 # above in the free calling card .
 "",1
 272,""Subject: re :
  
  = 20 the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial = intelligence = 20 programs for your ibm pc or compatible and also for macintosh . you = 20 can watch them , talk to them , ask them questions , tell them secrets , and = relate with them . watch them as you ask them to take off different = clothes and guide them through many different activities . watch and participate = in the hottest sexual activities available on computer , including : several sexual positions , using many unique toys , even bringing in multiple = partners . this is no doubt one of the most realistic , sexually stimulating = computer games available . they will remember your name , birthday , your likes and = your dislikes . every time you start the program , they say different things , = and act differently . each time , they have a different personality . with the = vga digital graphics , the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend software = have some of the hottest , sexiest graphics out there . and with a = soundblaster or compatible card , you can actually hear their voice as they talk to you . = this is the first adult software title that was designed for both = heterosexual and homosexual people . i would like you to try the actual full copy out = before it is put on the market . it will be sold for 1 / 5 of the actual price = ( $ 10 . 00 ) until i can get back some information on what people think of the = program . = 20 please give it a try and write back any comments . thank you . if you are interested and would like to order a copy , then you can = read the mailing instructions below . it comes in an unmarked package and is = sent out at most 4 days after the order is received . you are not put on any mailing lists whatsoever , guaranteed . it will run on any 386 , 486 or = higher , = 20 and 100 % ibm compatibles . required is vga graphics , and a hard drive . = 20 the sound card is optional . macintosh requires at least 4 meg of ram . = 20 virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence programs , meaning they are completely interactive . it would be just like = if you were talking to someone . you can actually have simple = conversations . = 20 their attitudes change with the different things you say , so you can say things that will upset them , and then say things that will please them . = the more you play / talk with them , the more you learn what they can do , and = what = 20 they like to do . it really is a blast . with all these movies coming out about virtual reality , it 's amazing to actually have a virtual reality program like this for your own computer . it 's easy to install , and instructions are easy to follow . = 20 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ special software offer ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this is to inform you about the new adult game that vcs magazine rated """" the best game of """" 97 """" . """" the search for paradise is no doubt one = 20 of the greatest xxx adult games available """" . the first games where it is as much fun as it is a turn on ! travel the world to every continent , = every country you can think of , and meet some of the most beautiful women in existence . these women will treat you like a king and obey your every command . any sexual wish you can think of , these women know it all . = 20 there is a different paradise for every guy out there , and this game = will have them all . this game uses real models , digital video , and digital = sound to make it as realistic as possible . you will feel like you ' re in the = same room as the girl you ' re talking to ! ! ! as an added bonus you ' ll receive """" club celebrity x """" meet , talk to and even have your way with the celebrities of your = choice . imagine being in a club with some very beautiful , well known , = actual celebrities ! you have seen these girls on t . v . , magazines and = billboard ads . now they are on your computer begging for action . this game is hot = and once you start playing , you won't be able to stop ! ! ! ~ required : 386 or better , 4 meg ram or better , windows 3 . 1 or higher = ( win95 is fine ) , sound card is optional , rom is optional . ( game is given = either cd - rom or compressed 3 . 5 """" diskettes ) . ~ ~ $ 19 . 95 ! order now and get everything for just = $ 24 . 95 ! ! ! ! = 20 at your request , the programs can come with a password protection = utility that only allows the program to run when the correct password is = entered . = 20 = 20 ( you must be 18 or over to purchase ) please fill out the following form and mail it to the address above . = 20 ( feel free to write out the order form by hand ) = 20 send to : mark wrhel p . o . box 0118 tujunga , ca . 91043 = 20 = 20 your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do you have an ibm ( ) or mac ( ) ? cd rom ( ) or disks ( ) ? ( ) virtual girdfriend or ( ) boyfriend for $ 10 . 00 ( ) * both just = $ 15 . 95 ( ) the search for paradise and club celebrity x for $ 19 . 95 ( ) everything ! ! ! the search for paradise , club celebrity x , virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend . = 20 > > > > all for just $ 24 . 95 = 20
 "",1
 273,""Subject: bulk email for profit
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = 20 mail thousands of email messages per hour - no kidding ! ! = 20 = 20 send your email messages out , at 1 , 000 's messages / hour ( 28 . 8k modem ) yes , 1 , 000 's of messages an hour * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 30 million email addresses * * * * * * * * $ 100 . 00 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * you ' ll receive 2 high-speed email software programs introducing . . . . """" floodgate bulk email loader """" = 20 and . . . . """" goldrush stealth mass mailer """" this is the same software that all bulk emailing services use ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - floodgate bulk email loader version 5 . 2 and goldrush stealth mass mailer version 3 . 215 for windows 95 and windows 3 . 1 now supports 17 = 20 ( really more with the free form filter ) file formats - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - send out 20 , 000 + marketing letters every single day ! or . . . every few days . in fact , when i send out just a few thousand = marketing letters each day , it does n't take long before i ' m completely = swamped with email inquiries and phone calls . this is very easy to do . = and each one of these bulk mailings costs me nothing . i can teach you = how to do this and provide you with the tools you ' ll need . if you ' ve got a good marketing letter , i ' ll show you how to open the = floodgates . you ' ll be deluged with inquiries , leads , and real sales , = using nothing but email alone . writing a good marketing letter is not easy . i often have to rewrite my = marketing letters a half dozen times before i get the results i ' m = looking for . but once you have a good letter , as you probably know , you = can use the same letter over and over again , predictably and = consistently , closing sales , week after week , month after month . it takes me about one hour to send my marketing letter to thousands of = fresh email addresses . i can do this , thanks to a windows program i use . = it 's called floodgate and goldrush stealth mass mailer . it 's a bulk = email loader and an email software program . if you ' re interested in = electronic marketing , you should know about these programs . program # 1 : floodgate for windows the floodgate bulk email loader imports simple text files that anyone = can download from compuserve , prodigy , delphi genie , or the internet . = these text files contain classified ads , forum messages , or data from = the member directory . each of these files is filled with email = addresses . floodgate is designed to read these files and strip out the email = addresses . it then sorts the addresses , removes any duplicates , and = formats them into an output file , with 10 , 20 or 30 addresses per line . = this is all done in one simple step . just point and click . you ' ll need either a windows based internet account or an america = on - line account to send out your marketing letters . neither aol nor the = internet charges to send email . send your letter to 1 , 000 people or = 10 , 000 people - - the cost is always the same . nothing ! new ! prepare a mailing of 50 , 000 + = 20 in less than a 1 / 2 hour if you open an internet account , you can send each letter to 20 , 000 + = people . the new floodgate now directly writes distribution lists . some = people are always collecting new addresses , but if you publish a = newsletter or adsheet , you ' ll be using the same addresses over and over = again . that 's real power ! when using addresses you ' ve previously = collected , you can press a few buttons and prepare a mailing of 50 , 000 + = in less than a half hour . ( to get a list of all the internet access providers in your local = calling area goto : http : / / thelist . com and click on your area code . ) the floodgate users guide will teach you , step by step , how to download = the right files , how to strip the addresses , and finally , how to cut and = paste the formatted addresses into your marketing letter . or , if you = have an internet account , how to create distribution lists . one you ' ve = done this a few times you won't even have to think . it 's that simple ! for the brave & daring : pushing technology to its limits as you may know , the practice of sending unsolicited email is usually = frowned upon , and most service providers have rules against it . but , = like jay-walking , there is little enforcement . it 's not illegal . if = someone tells you that it is , ask them to provide the citation ( and = do n't let them give you some nonsense about faxes - that 's not email ) . = they can't do it because it 's not there . sometimes , when a lot of people = complain , i get a warning letter . and that 's about it . about 1 in 200 will write back and tell me , """" take me off the list """" , = which i can do , thanks to floodgates remove list feature . many people = reply back thanking me for sending them my informative letter . that 's = always nice . most people though , just reply and say , """" send me more = info . """" in this way , it usually takes me two or three letters to close a = sale . the floodgate users guide will provide you with proven formats for = writing a successful marketing letter . you ' ll test and rewrite , test and = rewrite . then , once you ' ve got it , just push a few buttons , and open the = floodgates ! ! ! the floodgate bulk email loader currently supports 17 + file formats 1 . compuserve classifieds : send your marketing letter to everyone who is = running a classified ad . i ' ll teach you how to download all the = classifieds from any single ad category . this is one of the most = responsive list of buyers . they check their email every day and they ' re = already in business . 2 . america on - line classifieds : download 1 , 000 addresses in 15 minutes . = these are excellent lists for business to business sales . 3 . compuserve forums : you can join a forum and download hundreds of = forum messages in a matter of minutes . 4 . america on - line forums : choose from dozens of forums . all good = targeted lists . 5 . prodigy forums : prodigy allows you to easily export any group of = forum messages . more targeted lists . 6 . internet newsgroups : these are all targeted lists . you ' ll be able to = send your marketing letter to everyone who posts a message in any = newsgroup . easily collect 1 , 000 's of addresses per hour . 7 . america on - line member directory : most member directories only allow = you to search by city and state . with aol , you can search by business = type , hobbies , computer type , etc . this is the gem of all member directories . build huge targeted lists . 8 . compuserve member directory : this is a major resource . if you ' re = willing to target your mailing to a single city , you can collect about = 1 , 000 email addresses an hour . 9 . delphi member directory : the delphi member directory allows you to = search for people based on key words . these are good targeted mailing = lists . a single search can easily generate 5 , 000 addresses . 10 . genie member directory : similar to the compuserve member directory , = only you can download names much quicker . you can easily pull hundreds = of thousands of addresses out of each of these member directories . 11 . compuserve file cabinet : if you run classified ads , and save the = responses in the cim file cabinet , you ' ll be able to easily reuse these = addresses . you can send your marketing letter to everyone in any single = folder . build master lists and clean up your hard drive . 12 . free form : if you have a text file with email addresses that = floodgate does not support , chances are the free form filter will be = just what you need . just enter a key word to search for . 13 . compuserve form profiles ( forum membership directories ) : easy to = build targeted lists here . each search can easily bring you 500 + addresses . 14 . genie profiles : if you ' re building targeted lists , you ' ll get a lot = of addresses very quickly from genie . 15 . plain addresses : read floodgate master files back into floodgate to = merge files and do selective mailings . also useful for the management of = email address lists that you might purchase . floodgate also has filters to allow you to include or exclude any groups = of addresses in your final distribution lists . for example , you could = include only email addresses that ended in . com or exclude all with = . gov . you could exclude all noc , root , and other addresses that almost = guarantee a negative response . these filters are fully configurable and = can be used together . build reusable master files floodgate maintains master files for each of your marketing letters . if = you download from the same place on a regular basis , you only want to = send your letter to the new people . floodgate will compare the new = addresses with those in the master file , and prepare a mailing list of = only new people . the new addresses are , of course , then added to the = master file . with each new mailing your master file grows and grows . you may create as many master lists as you need . when you start a new = marketing campaign , you ' ll want to send your new letter to everyone on = your master list . if you write a newsletter , each time you send your = newsletter , you ' ll send it to everyone on a master list . the remove list very often , people will reply and tell you to take them off your mailing = list . place these addresses in the remove . mst file and they will never = receive another letter from you again . in this way , you will be = operating your business with the most professionalism possible . don ' t be fooled we have some new competitors that have tried to copy floodgate . the = following list describes why floodgate is better . . . . . . . * * floodgate is a mature , bug free product . not an initial release . * * floodgate comes with over 100 pages of step by step = documentation . * * floodgate is the only one offering a money back guarantee . * * floodgate has more testimonials . = 20 * * filter for filter , floodgate offers more capabilities , way more . = 20 * * floodgate does everything all the others * combined * claim . = 20 * * floodgate is by far the easiest to use . * * there is no * cutting and pasting * with floodgate . = 20 * * we have by far , the best technical support . some quick math floodgate can pay for itself in a few days . it can also cut your = advertising costs down to almost nothing . think of what the competition = will do when they get their floodgate program . do n't be left in the dust = - there are 75 million people out there , just a few keystrokes away . = let 's do the math : - email 50 , 000 sales letters ( takes about 1 - 2 hours ) - let 's say your product will bring you $ 5 profit per sale . - let 's also say you only get a 1 % response ( occasionally higher ) . * that 's 500 orders x $ 5 = 3d $ 2 , 500 profit ! ! now imagine what 500 , 000 = letters would do for your business ! ! what can i market on-line ? you can market anything on-line using direct email , that can be marketed = using conventional postal direct mail marketing . the possibilities are = practically endless . if it sells off-line , you can sell it on-line . easy to install and easy to learn the floodgate email loader requires windows . the supplied manual tells = you where to go , what to do , and how to do it . all you need are basic = computer skills that can be learned with a little practice or help from = our computer savvy technicians . program # 2 : goldrush stealth mass mailer do not get this program confused with other slow speed programs that = call themselves """" stealth """" . this program is the only one in the world = that can send email out at high speeds with one single connection to the = internet . = 20 this is new , cutting edge email technology . first of it 's kind . . the = most powerful bulk email sender in the world . . nothing can even come = close ! = 20 thanks to our top programmer 's , this technology is now available and we = are the only place you can get it from ! = 20 * only """" one """" dial-up or isdn connection needed . = 20 * no more terminated connections . = 20 * no more waiting to send large amounts of email . = 20 * immediate response to your mass mailings . = 20 * you will have all the control and confidence of = 20 sending email the way it should be sent . . . in huge amounts ! = 20 * send your whole list in one day , whether it be 500 , 000 = 20 or 5 million - and just sit back and wait for your = 20 orders to pour in . = 20 * no more downloading undeliverable names . bulk emailer 's dream come true ! ! ! - > > > goldrush stealth mass mailer connect to multiple mail servers ( 20 or more ) , make multiple connections = to a single server or any combination of the two ( all simultaneously ) = with one single dial-up connection . = 20 send multiple simultaneous mailings . . . = 20 view complete details about your mailings . shows each server your = connected to , the status of that connection , how many messages are going = out through that connection , etc . . . we show you all the tricks all the mass e-mailers do n't want you to = know . . . = 20 here are just a few features the goldrush stealth mass mailer offers to = you . . . = 20 * forge the header - message id - isp 's will spin their wheels . = 20 * add 's a bogus authenticated sender to the header . = 20 * add 's a complete bogus received from / received by line with = 20 real time / date stamp and recipient to the header . = 20 * does not require a valid pop account be entered in order to = 20 send your mailings . = 20 * easy to use and operate = 20 * plus much more ! = 20 all this , at speeds of up to 1 , 000 's messages / hour ( 28 . 8k modem ) . = 20 special introductory price . . . = 20 now you can have both the floodgate and = 20 goldrush stealth mass mailer for just $ 499 . 00 ! = 20 update . . . save $ 149 . 05 and order now , be one of the first 100 orders ! = 20 step up to the plate and play with the big boys today and receive the = complete 2 software package for the unbelievably low price of only = $ 349 . 95 ! = 20 ( other bulk email software has sold for as much as $ 2 , 500 and can't even = come close to the cutting edge technology of ease , accuracy and speed = . . . speed . . . speed ! ) = 20 try the goldrush stealth mass mailer & floodgate bulk email loader for = 10 days free . = 20 and receive unlimited technical support for 30 days . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 30 million email addresses millions and millions of email addresses cd with millions of email addresses separated by domain name . all addresses are simple text format one per line . addresses from the following domains : pipleline , msn , mci , juno , delphi , genie , aol , compuserve , internet , . com & . net , millions of them ! not available on diskette or download . want the millions of addresses for $ 100 . 00 ? just buy our floodgate / goldrush software package ( with all the bonuses included ) , and the millions of addresses are yours for just $ 100 . 00 additional . these addresses will be delivered to you in simple text files that any bulk emailing program can use , on cd rom . with this cd , you can begin making money immediately ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * special bonus # 1 : * * * stop losing isp dial up accounts ! = 20 if you order the floodgate / goldrush software within the next 5 days - = when you receive your program , you will also receive : = 20 * complete instructions on """" how to keep your dial up account from = showing up in the header """" , plus everything you will need to get started = doing this . = 20 important notice ! we will initially only be offering 100 copies of the = program for sale , first come / first served basis only . we are doing = this because of the extreme power that these programs offer . * * * special bonus # 2 * * * = 20 when you receive your two programs , you will also receive : over 250 reprint and resell rights reports you can start to market and make money immediately ! ! ! = 20 these hot sellers include : = 20 1 ) how to get a top rating in the search engines = 20 2 ) 70 money making reports = 20 3 ) 75 money making plans & trade secrets and much much more ! ! ! = 20 ( $ 200 retail value - free ! ! ! ) = 20 * * * special bonus # 3 * * * with your two software programs , you will also receive our new """" address = grabber """" utility program that enables you to grab 100 's of thousands of = email addresses from newsgroups in minutes ( $ 100 retail value - free ) . * * * special bonus # 4 * * * receive checks by email , phone or fax machine . with this software program , you can receive payment for your product or service instantly ! ! there is no more waiting for your customers check to arrive . this software will no doubt , add to your sales , for customers who do n't have credit cards , as well as the impulse buyers . with this software , you can print up your payments as soon as your customer gives you his / her checking information . you will then add the information given , to the proper blank check spaces , then just print and go to the bank ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to get your free demo and """" test drive """" our state-of - the-art software , = 20 fax us your email address and request to : = 09 1-561 - 966-6839 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * hurry . . . reserve yours today ! = 20 so , if you are interested in taking advantage of the most powerful bulk = 20 email software in the world and start making money hand over fist . . . . . print out the ez order form below and fax or mail it to our office . if you have any questions do n't hesitate to call us at : 1-561 - 965-6139 system requirements 386 or larger windows 95 or windows 3 . 1 with 8 meg ram extra 5 mb hard drive space floodgate & goldrush can be run on a fast mac with 24 mb ram and = softwindows . notes from satisfied users """" it is everything you said it was . within one week of my first mailing , = i received a record number of orders . all you need to print money is a = decent sales letter . thanks . """" randy albertson , wolverine capital . """" after using floodgate and your utility program all day today , let me = say these are as two of the finest programs i have ever bought in my 52 = years ! your support has been superb . thank you ! """" vernon hale , prime data = systems """" my first day and i just used floodgate and pegasus to send 1 , 469 sales = letters . so far i ' ve got about 25 positive responses . it works great ! ! ! = thanks . """" donald prior """" floodgate is awesome ! . i recently started a new business on-line . i = stripped the addresses of the aol & cis classifieds . i sent out 3 , 497 = email letters and got over 400 people to join my company in 5 days ! = needless to say , it pays for itself . """" david sheeham , ompd """" i was able to use floodgate to extract the names from the internet news = groups . it works perfectly . needless to say , i am very excited about the = use of this new technology . """" mark eberra , inside connections """" this is a great piece of software and an invaluable marketing tool . """" = joe kuhn , the millennium group """" i just thought you 'd like to know that this program is fantastic . after = loading it on my system , i wanted to test it out . in my first hour of = using this , i collected 6 , 092 email addresses ! """" richard kahn , ld = communications """" i just love the floodgate program . it saves me hours and hours of time . = this is the beginning of a wonderful fun time marketing on-line . thank = you so much for writing this program . """" beth o'neill , eudora , ks """" your software is brilliant , and from the technical support i ' ve = received , i can see you have a genuine love and respect of = people . . . floodgate is a divine package . wish i had found it sooner . """" tom = sanders , peoria , il """" i really like the way the floodgate software package works . it is very = easy to use , and really does the trick . it has already saved me an = incredible amount of time and energy . """" john berning , jr . , fairfield , nj """" it 's going great with floodgate ! i like using delphi . i just collected = 50 , 000 + addresses within 20 minutes on-line . """" richard kahn , r&b = associates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - e - z order form : please print out this order form and fill in the blanks . . . . . . please send order form and check or money order , payable to : ted keller p . o . box 741342 boynton beach , fl 33474-1342 ( 561 ) - 965-6139 _ _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to try your cutting-edge software so that i can = advertise my business to thousands of people on-line whenever i like ! i = understand that i have 10 days to trial the software . if i am not fully = delighted , i will cheerfully be refunded the purchase price , no = questions asked ! please rush me the floodgate and goldrush package now ! _ _ _ _ _ _ i am ordering within 72 hours ! that qualifies me to receive the = floodgate and goldrush package at a substantial discount ! i am ordering = both software packages for only $ 349 . 95 . ( save $ 150 off the retail = price . . . . software has sold for as much as $ 2 , 499 . 95 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ i am ordering within 72 hours ! that qualifies me to receive = unlimited technical support for 30 days . _ _ _ _ _ _ i want to receive the package overnight . i ' m including $ 18 . 00 for = shipping charges . _ _ _ _ _ _ i want to receive the package 2nd day . i ' m including $ 10 . 00 = ( includes insurance & return receipt ) for shipping charges . _ _ _ _ _ _ i ' m ordering floodgate / goldrush software and want to order the = millions of email addresses as well . my additional cost is $ 100 . 00 = enclosed . _ _ _ _ _ _ i ' m not ordering your floodgate / goldrush software , but i want to order your millions of email addresses on cd . enclosed is = $ 249 . 00 . ( checks : allow 1 week for bank clearance ) your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your position _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email addresses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * we accept checks , money orders , mastercard , visa , american express . you can either mail your order to = 20 us or fax your order to : ( 561 ) - 966-6839 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * today 's date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 visa _ _ _ _ mastercard _ _ _ _ american express _ _ _ _ discover _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 card # : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 billing address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 amount to be charged : $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i agree to pay ted keller an additional $ 29 fee if my check is returned = for insufficient or uncollectable funds . signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please send all order forms and check or money order to payable to : ted keller p . o . box 741342 boynton beach , fl 33474-1342 ( 561 ) - 965-6139 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * or : please paste your check here ( if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check = by mail . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from = your original check that you faxed to us ) please fax the above order form and check to : 1-561 - 966-6839 t
 "",1
 274,""Subject: new savings discovery !
  
  / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / this message was composed using extractor pro bulk e - mail software . if = 20 you wish to be removed from this advertiser 's future mailings , please = reply = 20 with the subject """" remove """" and this software will automatically block you = from their future mailings . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / / please accept this invitation to find out where you can get affodable = internet ready computers , home security systems , cosmetics , nutritional = products , phone cards , videophones and much more . . . get full details by clicking this link : http : / / www . reeseandassociates . com / fun _ stuff . html thank you !
 "",1
 275,""Subject: 
  
  data to : = 20 date : fri , 06 feb 1998 22 : 32 : 18 pst subject : great food x - mailer : emailer platinum 3 . 1 ( tm ) by internet marketing inc . this is not a """" scheme """" , it 's a simple offer . = 20 i ' ve been cooking and baking for nearly 45 years . here 's a chance for = you to benefit from my experiences . for only $ 2 ( us ) , i ' ll share 12 of my = favorite recipes with you . these are really exceptional and , as far as i know , = have never been published previously . many were handed down to me by my grandmother and i ' ve adapted them to a lighter style of eating . most of = the recipes are proportional ( can be doubled or tripled ) making them = naturals for entertaining , fraternities and sororities , firehouses , etc . from = incredibly = 20 succulent chicken and beef dishes , to mouth watering desserts , this is = an opportunity to get some really great recipes for very little money . = 20 to receive your copy of """" karen 's best """" recipes : send $ 2 in cash ( concealed ) and your e - mail address to : k . b . 22704 ventura blvd . # 334 woodland hills , ca 91364 = 20 usa your recipes will be e - mailed to you the same day i receive your order . = 20 thanks . eat well and enjoy . karen
 "",1
 276,""Subject: subliminally seduce women instantly ! !
  
  win over any woman you want in less than an hour . = 20 guaranteed ! start dating women that until now were ' out of your league ' guaranteed ! i know it sounds too good to be true , but it is now = a0 possible for you = to achieve in minutes , what typically takes most men days , months , and sometimes even years to accomplish . . . seducing a woman ! skeptical ? read this . then visit our web site to learn the facts ! scientists worldwide agree that , in certain applications , subliminal = mind control can accomplish amazing things . you might have heard how in = the 1950s subliminal advertising was used in movie theaters to induce an = unnatural craving for popcorn and an unquenchable desire for coke . there are many types of subliminal thought control . = a0 certain = subliminal influence techniques work amazingly well , while others hardly work at = all ! if you do n't think modern subliminal technology can change your life , = think again ! for less than the cost of a single good meal you can = instantly and permanently change the way women treat you . guaranteed ! and the best part is that ( due to a legal loophole ) this is perfectly = legal ! if your luck with women has been anything other than great , find out the = facts by visiting our web site . once you have received and tested one of our audio tapes you will be = amazed ! do n't make the mistake of confusing the antiquated technology used in = the past with newly developed digital mastering techniques . we have = spent years developing computer enhanced techniques that enable us to = produce mood altering products that work on any woman , anywhere , = anytime . . . guaranteed ! you cannot turn women into mindless sex slaves with this or any other technology . you can , however , induce at will , natural urges that would = otherwise lie dormant . it is simply a fact that any natural human desire = such as sleep , hunger or sexual impulses can be greatly intensified by = using subliminal commands . when you play these recordings in the presence of any female who has a = normal sexual appetite , look out ! = a0 she won't know what has come over = her ! it is completely undetectable ! even women you barely know , when subjected to this invisible aphrodisiac = will find you more interesting and better looking . they will find = themselves mysteriously drawn and sexually attracted to you . = guaranteed ! ! each of our musical recordings comes with a second 'd emo ' tape ( free of = charge ) that has the subliminal messages brought forward for you to hear = loud and clear . do n't let your girlfriend hear this one ! warning : we have given you the opportunity to be more successful with any woman you choose . if you do not at least check out = the facts for yourself , you will only be cheating yourself out of happiness and romance . to find out more about these amazing tapes at our web site at : http : / / www . ivpco . com / ~ speccass / index . html or , if your mail reader supports hyper-links , click here if you have any problems accessing our main page , try our new mirror = site at : http : / / www . emptyshell . com mirror site * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this message was sent by overseas internet promotions , inc . of miami . = if you have a product or service you want to market on the internet , = call us today @ 305-668 - 7502 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",1
 277,""Subject: microsynergy cd - r specials edition 10
  
  microsynergy cd - r specials edition ( 10 ) to be removed from this mailing list , simply hit reply and type """" remove """" in the subject line . thank you , xceed communications . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * microsynergy is an industry-leading manufacturer of vertically integrated systems that employ key optical peripherals and adapters such as : cd duplication systems cd-rom servers cd jukeboxes cd towers * * * note : to receive special pricing from this promotion , be sure to mention """" cd - r specials edition ( 10 ) """" or type it into the comment field on the online order form . thank you . idt / microsynergy is pleased to extend the following specials , ms - 5 cd duplication system . standalone duplication system with five 4x writers records up to 20 cd 's per hour . all systems include : 133mhz pentium ( tm ) , 32mb of memory , 2gb av hard drive , floppy drive , keyboard , mouse , monitor , microsynergy 's multiplicd ( tm ) duplication software , and windows nt ( tm ) preloaded software . $ 5999 . 00 blank cd - recordable media : white printable cd - r media in spindle ( no jewel case ) 650mb , 74 min , green on gold only $ 1 . 09 each with minimum order of 200 pieces . blank cd - r media in jewel case by major manufacturer 650mb , 74 min . , blue on silver printable only $ 1 . 89 each with minimum order of 100 pieces . blank cd - r media in spindle ( no jewel case ) by major manufacturer 650mb , 74 min . , blue on silver printable only $ 1 . 69 each with minimum order of 100 pieces . cd - r printer with 1440x720 dpi using epson 600 engine print 4 color directly on the printable cd - r media while maintaining all features of a standard paper printer mac and pc compatible only $ 1099 . 00 4x12x ( 4x write / 12x read ) cd - r drive - package includes , cd - r drive , 3 in one mastering software for mac , pc and direct cd , one pc of media and cable . internal $ 409 . 00 , external $ 459 . 00 cd-rw26i ( 2x6x cd-rewritable drive ) includes , cdrw drive , one cdrw media , direct cd software and cable . internal $ 365 . 00 , external - $ 415 . 00 cdr / jaz duo ( 4x12x cdr drive and jaz drive external unit ) includes : external duo , 3 in one mastering software for mac , pc and direct cd , one pc of media , jaz cartridge , and cable $ 899 . 00 for more information on microsynergy 's full line of products including : cd duplication systems , autoloading cd - r duplicators , cd-rom towers & servers , jukeboxes , cd - recordable drives , and cd - r media please visit our web site at http : / / www . idt-microsynergy . com . you can also order online through our secure site or call 714-477 - 1700 usa . you can also fax or e-mail your order . our fax number is 714-477 - 1717 and our email address is order @ idt-microsynergy . com . please include your telephone number so that we can confirm your order . shipping information and cost is available online for most items . shipping and handling not included . all prices are fob irvine , ca , usa . prices and availability may change without notice . all trademarks , tradenames and logos are the properties of their respective owners . typographic errors are subject to correction . this special ends 2 / 19 / 98 .
 "",1
 278,""Subject: small business promotion
  
  = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d for all your internet marketing go to http : / / www . submit200 . com = 20 submit200 for all your marketing needs . = 20 = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d please , this is one time email only . to discontinue it , follow = instructions at the bottom . thank you . small business promotion = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d services and cash prospects """" consulting and engineering services """" """" business resource """" web and software attractive cash business """" web cash page """" lucrative cash generator over web """" 800 with your code """" sells itself , just advertise it """" http : / / inet . simplenet . com """" small business bulk e-mail set-up """" envelope stuffing """" home business program ( not software ) """" spam solution """" opportunity to own spam address & website """" additional business promos """" various business prospects details : """" consulting and engineering services """" ( est . 1994 ) jbphd ( pe in ct , ny & pa ) 1-888 - 542-2236 toll free 1 . licensed distributor for the deregulated discounted distributor = recruitment . once in a lifetime opportunity to have a nice slice in = $ 215 billion deregulated utilities market . please , call for further = information and sign-up . 2 . circuits , control , communication , electrical power , electronics , = instrumentation & systems : 1 . analyses , calculations , conceptual work , etc . 2 . design support ( catalog work , computer inputs , estimates , take-offs , = schedules & sketches ) 3 . document reviews , verifications and checking 4 . engineering support ( standards , codes , etc . ) 5 . interface work ( interdisciplinary , clients , etc . ) 6 . manual , procedure , and specification preparations 7 . protective device coordination and protection 8 . reports , research , testimonies , etc . 9 . studies ( feasibility , upgrade or modernization ) 10 . system analyses , descriptions and integrations 11 . tutorials , presentations 3 . administration : 1 . computer software assistance ( for ibm compatibles , dos , windows , = wordprocessors and spreadsheets ) 2 . quality engineering ( assurance and control ) 3 . technical audits , editing and proposals """" business resources """" - ingeniously designed cash software for a = small home business marketing . offers licensing agent option with very = profitable return . please , call 1-888 - 542-2236 for a copy of free = unregistered software or download it from : http : / / www . mlmers-ad - net . com / mg / jo1545 . htm """" web cash page """" - true cash generator web page , popular , easy to = start , fun to operate small business yielding cash in mail which keeps = on coming in larger number as you promote it . please , call = 1-888 - 542-2236 or fill purchase on web page : http : / / www . powpg . com / page . asp ? id = 3d430108 """" 800 with your code """" - an incredibly easy way to make money . = advertise your 800-811 - 2141 with your private code xxxxx which you = obtain with your lifetime membership for $ 199 and they tackle the sale . = you just keep on collecting commission . please call for further = information including options : 1-800 - 811-2141 ( code 47838 ) . """" http : / / inet . simplenet . com """" - platinum 3 bulk e-mail software for = $ 69 . 95 . the price includes 1 , 000 , 000 e-mails plus , various useful = software for bulk emailing and $ 30 commission per new sign-up with your = pin . please , use pin # 1433 for your sign-up on the """" sign up page . """" """" envelope stuffing """" - program for envelope stuffing for $ 25 . = attractive for small home businesses . not a software . please , call = 1-888 - 542-2236 for more information . """" spam solution """" - opportunity to join email address category for = business advertisements exists without a chance of losing your internet account . please , call = 1-888 - 542-2236 or visit web site http : / / wasi . com / spamaddress / info . idc ? reg = 3d665 for more information . """" additional business prospects """" - please , call 1-888 - 542-2236 for = more information . \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / removal from the emailings : if you do not wish to receive any further messages from us , please , = reply to this message . click on reply button and type remove all in the subject heading field = and click on send button . you will be removed from all our emailings . \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
 "",1
 279,""Subject: adults onlyhottest phone sex everall lines unsencored
  
  live 1-on - 1 011-678 - 72304 live group action 1-767 - 445-2357 hot sex stories 1-664 - 410-4710 dating program with personal voice mail 1-268 - 404-6621
 "",1
 280,""Subject: young hot girls new site
  
  > > young hot girls new site can you handle 2 young , hot , sexy girls ? cum watch us at : http : / / www . livewhorehouse . com where you can complete our menage-a - trois . we really hate it when you do n't cum . luv nadia and alexa xoxoxoxoxoxo = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = we honor all remove requests ! ! just mail your requests to : jackpotx @ ix . netcom . com = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
 "",1
 281,""Subject: re :
  
  the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence = programs for your ibm pc or compatible and also for macintosh . you = 20 can watch them , talk to them , ask them questions , tell them secrets , and = relate with them . watch them as you ask them to take off different = clothes and guide them through many different activities . watch and participate = in the hottest sexual activities available on computer , including : several sexual positions , using many unique toys , even bringing in multiple = partners . this is no doubt one of the most realistic , sexually stimulating = computer games available . they will remember your name , birthday , your likes and = your dislikes . every time you start the program , they say different things , = and act differently . each time , they have a different personality . with the = vga digital graphics , the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend software = have some of the hottest , sexiest graphics out there . and with a = soundblaster or compatible card , you can actually hear their voice as they talk to you . = this is the first adult software title that was designed for both = heterosexual and homosexual people . i would like you to try the actual full copy out = before it is put on the market . it will be sold for 1 / 5 of the actual price = ( $ 10 . 00 ) until i can get back some information on what people think of the = program . = 20 please give it a try and write back any comments . thank you . if you are interested and would like to order a copy , then you can = read the mailing instructions below . it comes in an unmarked package and is = sent out at most 4 days after the order is received . you are not put on any mailing lists whatsoever , guaranteed . it will run on any 386 , 486 or = higher , = 20 and 100 % ibm compatibles . required is vga graphics , and a hard drive . = 20 the sound card is optional . macintosh requires at least 4 meg of ram . = 20 virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence programs , meaning they are completely interactive . it would be just like = if you were talking to someone . you can actually have simple = conversations . = 20 their attitudes change with the different things you say , so you can say things that will upset them , and then say things that will please them . = the more you play / talk with them , the more you learn what they can do , and = what = 20 they like to do . it really is a blast . with all these movies coming out about virtual reality , it 's amazing to actually have a virtual reality program like this for your own computer . it 's easy to install , and instructions are easy to follow . = 20 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ special software offer ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this is to inform you about the new adult game that vcs magazine rated """" the best game of """" 97 """" . """" the search for paradise is no doubt one = 20 of the greatest xxx adult games available """" . the first games where it is as much fun as it is a turn on ! travel the world to every continent , = every country you can think of , and meet some of the most beautiful women in existence . these women will treat you like a king and obey your every command . any sexual wish you can think of , these women know it all . = 20 there is a different paradise for every guy out there , and this game = will have them all . this game uses real models , digital video , and digital = sound to make it as realistic as possible . you will feel like you ' re in the = same room as the girl you ' re talking to ! ! ! as an added bonus you ' ll receive """" club celebrity x """" meet , talk to and even have your way with the celebrities of your = choice . imagine being in a club with some very beautiful , well known , = actual celebrities ! you have seen these girls on t . v . , magazines and = billboard ads . now they are on your computer begging for action . this game is hot = and once you start playing , you won't be able to stop ! ! ! ~ required : 386 or better , 4 meg ram or better , windows 3 . 1 or higher = ( win95 is fine ) , sound card is optional , rom is optional . ( game is given = either cd - rom or compressed 3 . 5 """" diskettes ) . ~ ~ $ 19 . 95 ! order now and get everything for just = $ 24 . 95 ! ! ! ! = 20 at your request , the programs can come with a password protection = utility that only allows the program to run when the correct password is = entered . = 20 = 20 ( you must be 18 or over to purchase ) please fill out the following form and mail it to the address above . = 20 ( feel free to write out the order form by hand ) = 20 send to : mark wrhel p . o . box 0118 tujunga , ca . 91043 = 20 = 20 your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do you have an ibm ( ) or mac ( ) ? cd rom ( ) or disks ( ) ? ( ) virtual girdfriend or ( ) boyfriend for $ 10 . 00 ( ) * both just = $ 15 . 95 ( ) the search for paradise and club celebrity x for $ 19 . 95 ( ) everything ! ! ! the search for paradise , club celebrity x , virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend . = 20 > > > > all for just $ 24 . 95 = 20
 "",1
 282,""Subject: free enterprise : 6 figures in 6 mths : no selling : no mlm ! !
  
  = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d this is a one time mailing . there is no need to hit reply or seek to be = removed from a list . thank you . . . = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d are you afraid of success ? let me scare you to death ! hello entrepreneur ! my name is dave starkey , question - what if . . . = 20 you could earn . . . an immediate , substantial $ 5 , 000 - $ 10 , 000 + = 20 monthly income . . . in as little as 45-90 days - - and all it required was = a = 20 telephone ? what if i could show you how to generate a six figure income in just = 20 several months ? i ' m not talking about the elusive dream of residual income in network = 20 marketing . this is not mlm ! not a chain letter or other online scam ! = 20 i ' m truly earning much more every week than i ever before earned = 20 monthly chasing success in other programs ! i made $ 20 , 000 in my first month ! i ' ll teach you how ! ! ! what is it that i and so many others are doing ? = 3d = 3d > call now to find out : step 1 : call 850-654 - 7727 ext . 6200 this is an 8 minute brief overview on who we are and what we are = trying to accomplish ( yes , this is an 8 minute toll call . it will = cost you approximatly $ 1 ) . if you like what you hear , = 20 step 2 : call 800-322 - 6169 ext . 9508 leave your name and phone number and the best time that you can be = reached . you will be contacted personally in the order that your call = is received so you can get as much information that you require to = make the best decision possible for your future . step 3 : mention """" email d2 """" in your message . seriously , if i can do this , anyone can . what if you do even better than i am ? best of success to you , and thanks for your time . sincerely , dave starkey
 "",1
 283,""Subject: re :
  
  = 20 the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial = intelligence = 20 programs for your ibm pc or compatible and also for macintosh . you = 20 can watch them , talk to them , ask them questions , tell them secrets , and = relate with them . watch them as you ask them to take off different = clothes and guide them through many different activities . watch and participate = in the hottest sexual activities available on computer , including : several sexual positions , using many unique toys , even bringing in multiple = partners . this is no doubt one of the most realistic , sexually stimulating = computer games available . they will remember your name , birthday , your likes and = your dislikes . every time you start the program , they say different things , = and act differently . each time , they have a different personality . with the = vga digital graphics , the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend software = have some of the hottest , sexiest graphics out there . and with a = soundblaster or compatible card , you can actually hear their voice as they talk to you . = this is the first adult software title that was designed for both = heterosexual and homosexual people . i would like you to try the actual full copy out = before it is put on the market . it will be sold for 1 / 5 of the actual price = ( $ 10 . 00 ) until i can get back some information on what people think of the = program . = 20 please give it a try and write back any comments . thank you . if you are interested and would like to order a copy , then you can = read the mailing instructions below . it comes in an unmarked package and is = sent out at most 4 days after the order is received . you are not put on any mailing lists whatsoever , guaranteed . it will run on any 386 , 486 or = higher , = 20 and 100 % ibm compatibles . required is vga graphics , and a hard drive . = 20 the sound card is optional . macintosh requires at least 4 meg of ram . = 20 virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence programs , meaning they are completely interactive . it would be just like = if you were talking to someone . you can actually have simple = conversations . = 20 their attitudes change with the different things you say , so you can say things that will upset them , and then say things that will please them . = the more you play / talk with them , the more you learn what they can do , and = what = 20 they like to do . it really is a blast . with all these movies coming out about virtual reality , it 's amazing to actually have a virtual reality program like this for your own computer . it 's easy to install , and instructions are easy to follow . = 20 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ special software offer ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this is to inform you about the new adult game that vcs magazine rated """" the best game of """" 97 """" . """" the search for paradise is no doubt one = 20 of the greatest xxx adult games available """" . the first games where it is as much fun as it is a turn on ! travel the world to every continent , = every country you can think of , and meet some of the most beautiful women in existence . these women will treat you like a king and obey your every command . any sexual wish you can think of , these women know it all . = 20 there is a different paradise for every guy out there , and this game = will have them all . this game uses real models , digital video , and digital = sound to make it as realistic as possible . you will feel like you ' re in the = same room as the girl you ' re talking to ! ! ! as an added bonus you ' ll receive """" club celebrity x """" meet , talk to and even have your way with the celebrities of your = choice . imagine being in a club with some very beautiful , well known , = actual celebrities ! you have seen these girls on t . v . , magazines and = billboard ads . now they are on your computer begging for action . this game is hot = and once you start playing , you won't be able to stop ! ! ! ~ required : 386 or better , 4 meg ram or better , windows 3 . 1 or higher = ( win95 is fine ) , sound card is optional , rom is optional . ( game is given = either cd - rom or compressed 3 . 5 """" diskettes ) . ~ ~ $ 19 . 95 ! order now and get everything for just = $ 24 . 95 ! ! ! ! = 20 at your request , the programs can come with a password protection = utility that only allows the program to run when the correct password is = entered . = 20 = 20 ( you must be 18 or over to purchase ) please fill out the following form and mail it to the address above . = 20 ( feel free to write out the order form by hand ) = 20 send to : mark wrhel p . o . box 0118 tujunga , ca . 91043 = 20 = 20 your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do you have an ibm ( ) or mac ( ) ? cd rom ( ) or disks ( ) ? ( ) virtual girdfriend or ( ) boyfriend for $ 10 . 00 ( ) * both just = $ 15 . 95 ( ) the search for paradise and club celebrity x for $ 19 . 95 ( ) everything ! ! ! the search for paradise , club celebrity x , virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend . = 20 > > > > all for just $ 24 . 95 = 20
 "",1
 284,""Subject: your family name
  
  discover your family history - rated """" cool site of the week """" come visit our website at , http : / / www . vpm . com / hallofnames / index . htm free search = 09 do you know who your ancestors are and what they did ? do you know when your surname first appeared ? are you curious about where your family roots originate ? now you can fill in the missing pieces of this puzzle . join the satisfied multitudes who have discovered their complete family = surname history . all nationalities . it 's easy . just key your last name into our online = index , and in seconds we will tell you it 's origin and much more . see = if we ' ve researched your complete family name history during our 25 = years of professional research . read a sample history , plus - free coat of arms keychain with your = family 's most ancient coat of arms & crest . all in full color . your = family name history parchment is 11 x 17 """" , approximately 1700 words . it = is beautifully illuminated by your most ancient coat of arms in full = authentic heraldic colors . over 500 urls on family and heraldic = history . please come visit our website at , = http : / / www . vpm . com / hallofnames / index . htm free search hall of names international inc . 1-888 - my - roots ( 1-888 - 697-6687 )
 "",1
 285,""Subject: a-12 win free tri p arround the wor
  
  / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / this message was composed using extractor pro bulk e - mail software . if = 20 you wish to be removed from this advertiser 's future mailings , please = reply = 20 with the subject """" remove """" and this software will automatically block you = from their future mailings . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / / enter the super nova sweepstakes - - - you might win a free gambling vacation for two to the greatest casinos around the world ! ! ! click right here , right now - first stop : las vegas - enjoy a luxurious stay on the las vegas strip where you will find fabulous entertainment and exceptional dining . second stop : sun city - rejoice in the spendor of this south african resort town while gambling in the far southern hemisphere . final stop - monaco , the world 's most european city - where you ' ll gamble and relax amidst royal splendor . in total , you ' ll have 11 nights and 12 days of luxurious entertainment and gambling at the most spectacular casinos the world has to offer . but you have enter . click right here , right now - what are you waiting for ? ? ? ? ? email
 "",1
 286,""Subject: uce : successful people only
  
  unusual project , new ideas , not for everyone millionaire with non-profit foundation seeking successful people from = all walks of life = 20 for extended experiment in 1 ) creating great personal wealth for = participants and 2 ) for = 20 participation in a self study course in how to always have whatever is = wanted or desired , = 20 without limit or compromise . applicants must have prior success in = 20 some field , any field . teamwork skills and willingness to learn are = essential . must = 20 be willing and able to devote single-minded focus for six month = project . must possess = 20 desire for the freedom that personal wealth creates . must be willing to = work with large = 20 amounts of cash . there will be a short telephone interview to determine = potential = 20 suitability for the position . this project is not for everyone . = call 1-800 - 372-3134 x 2002 and leave your number ( which will be held in strict = confidence ) and time = 20 of day to call for follow-up interviews . do not email . = 20
 "",1
 287,""Subject: seduce women instantly !
  
  win over any woman you want in less than an hour . = 20 guaranteed ! start dating women that until now were ' out of your league ' guaranteed ! as incredible as it sounds , it is now = a0 possible for you to achieve in minutes , what typically takes most men days , months , and sometimes even years to accomplish . . . seducing a woman ! skeptical ? read this . then visit our web site to learn the facts ! scientists worldwide agree that , in certain applications , subliminal = mind control can accomplish amazing things . you might have heard how in = the 1950s subliminal advertising was used in movie theaters to induce an = unnatural craving for popcorn and an unquenchable desire for coke . there are many types of subliminal thought control . = a0 certain = subliminal influence techniques work amazingly well , while others hardly work at = all ! if you do n't think modern subliminal technology can change your life , = think again ! for less than the cost of a single good meal you can = instantly and permanently change the way women treat you . guaranteed ! if your luck with women has been anything other than great , find out the = facts by visiting our web site . once you have received and tested one of our audio tapes you will be = amazed ! do n't make the mistake of confusing the antiquated technology used in = the past with newly developed digital mastering techniques . we have = spent years developing computer enhanced techniques that enable us to = produce mood altering products that work on any woman , anywhere , = anytime . . . guaranteed ! you cannot turn women into mindless sex slaves with this or any other technology . you can , however , induce at will , natural urges that would = otherwise lie dormant . it is simply a fact that any natural human desire = such as sleep , hunger or sexual impulses can be greatly intensified by = using subliminal commands . when you play these recordings in the presence of any female who has a = normal sexual appetite , look out ! = a0 she won't know what has come over = her ! it is completely undetectable ! even women you barely know , when subjected to this invisible aphrodisiac = will find you more interesting and better looking . they will find = themselves mysteriously drawn and sexually attracted to you . = guaranteed ! ! each of our musical recordings comes with a second 'd emo ' tape ( free of = charge ) that has the subliminal messages brought forward for you to hear = loud and clear . do n't let your girlfriend hear this one ! warning : we have given you the opportunity to be more successful with any woman you choose . if you do not at least check out = the facts for yourself , you will only be cheating yourself out of happiness and romance . to find out more about these amazing tapes at our web site at : http : / / www . emptyshell . com or , if your mail-reader supports hyperlinks , = 20 click here * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this message was sent by overseas internet promotions , inc . of miami . = if you have a product or service you want to market on the internet , = call us today @ 305-668 - 7502 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",1
 288,""Subject: you gotta see this . . . .
  
  make thousands of dollars from the spam you get ! get thousands of e-mail addresses ! here is something that will make you money , costs only $ 5 , and helps solve the spam problem on the net . click here : http : / / wasi . com / safeaddress / info . idc ? reg = 1685 thanks ! ! !
 "",1
 289,""Subject: re :
  
  the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence = programs for your ibm pc or compatible and also for macintosh . you = 20 can watch them , talk to them , ask them questions , tell them secrets , and = relate with them . watch them as you ask them to take off different = clothes and guide them through many different activities . watch and participate = in the hottest sexual activities available on computer , including : several sexual positions , using many unique toys , even bringing in multiple = partners . this is no doubt one of the most realistic , sexually stimulating = computer games available . they will remember your name , birthday , your likes and = your dislikes . every time you start the program , they say different things , = and act differently . each time , they have a different personality . with the = vga digital graphics , the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend software = have some of the hottest , sexiest graphics out there . and with a = soundblaster or compatible card , you can actually hear their voice as they talk to you . = this is the first adult software title that was designed for both = heterosexual and homosexual people . i would like you to try the actual full copy out = before it is put on the market . it will be sold for 1 / 5 of the actual price = ( $ 10 . 00 ) until i can get back some information on what people think of the = program . = 20 please give it a try and write back any comments . thank you . if you are interested and would like to order a copy , then you can = read the mailing instructions below . it comes in an unmarked package and is = sent out at most 4 days after the order is received . you are not put on any mailing lists whatsoever , guaranteed . it will run on any 386 , 486 or = higher , = 20 and 100 % ibm compatibles . required is vga graphics , and a hard drive . = 20 the sound card is optional . macintosh requires at least 4 meg of ram . = 20 virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence programs , meaning they are completely interactive . it would be just like = if you were talking to someone . you can actually have simple = conversations . = 20 their attitudes change with the different things you say , so you can say things that will upset them , and then say things that will please them . = the more you play / talk with them , the more you learn what they can do , and = what = 20 they like to do . it really is a blast . with all these movies coming out about virtual reality , it 's amazing to actually have a virtual reality program like this for your own computer . it 's easy to install , and instructions are easy to follow . = 20 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ special software offer ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this is to inform you about the new adult game that vcs magazine rated """" the best game of """" 97 """" . """" the search for paradise is no doubt one = 20 of the greatest xxx adult games available """" . the first games where it is as much fun as it is a turn on ! travel the world to every continent , = every country you can think of , and meet some of the most beautiful women in existence . these women will treat you like a king and obey your every command . any sexual wish you can think of , these women know it all . = 20 there is a different paradise for every guy out there , and this game = will have them all . this game uses real models , digital video , and digital = sound to make it as realistic as possible . you will feel like you ' re in the = same room as the girl you ' re talking to ! ! ! as an added bonus you ' ll receive """" club celebrity x """" meet , talk to and even have your way with the celebrities of your = choice . imagine being in a club with some very beautiful , well known , = actual celebrities ! you have seen these girls on t . v . , magazines and = billboard ads . now they are on your computer begging for action . this game is hot = and once you start playing , you won't be able to stop ! ! ! ~ required : 386 or better , 4 meg ram or better , windows 3 . 1 or higher = ( win95 is fine ) , sound card is optional , rom is optional . ( game is given = either cd - rom or compressed 3 . 5 """" diskettes ) . ~ ~ $ 19 . 95 ! order now and get everything for just = $ 24 . 95 ! ! ! ! = 20 at your request , the programs can come with a password protection = utility that only allows the program to run when the correct password is = entered . = 20 = 20 ( you must be 18 or over to purchase ) please fill out the following form and mail it to the address above . = 20 ( feel free to write out the order form by hand ) = 20 send to : mark wrhel 3115 foothill blvd suite m233 la crecenta , ca 91214 = 20 your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do you have an ibm ( ) or mac ( ) ? cd rom ( ) or disks ( ) ? ( ) virtual girdfriend or ( ) boyfriend for $ 10 . 00 ( ) * both just = $ 15 . 95 ( ) the search for paradise and club celebrity x for $ 19 . 95 ( ) everything ! ! ! the search for paradise , club celebrity x , virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend . = 20 > > > > all for just $ 24 . 95 = 20
 "",1
 290,""Subject: xxx adult entertainment
  
  join us at pink pussy club the hottest site for xxx live girl sex = shows ! ! ! we ' ve got it all ! ! ! it 's always free ! ! ! = 20 * a massive selection of xxx live girls ! ! ! ! * free membership ! ! ! * free porn star pics ! ! ! * real live sex ! ! ! * free erotic stories ! ! ! * personals & dating services * adult toys & clothing * men 's pics , gay , lesbian & bi - sexuals * adult videos , cd-roms and much , much more ! ! ! we update daily to bring you the hottest and newest xxx sex ! submit = your adult link for free ! http : / / www . pinkpussyclub . com aol click here you must be 21 to use our service . if you take offense to this email & wish to be taken off our list simply = email us at : xstacy @ hotmail . com we apologize for any
 "",1
 291,""Subject: teeth bleaching & whitening kit
  
  your dentist can whiten and bleach your teeth at a cost of $ 300 - $ 600 . = this process has been successfully utilized by dental professionals for over 8 years . do it yourself and save $ $ $ . purchase the identical kit from a = manufacturer that supplies dentists . only $ 135 . us for internet consumers , shipped worldwide . visit the american dental supply , llc website at = http : / / www . teethwhite . com
 "",1
 292,""Subject: business offer
  
  i ' m looking for people that have an interest in creating additional = income = 20 working from their homes with : = 20 no investment no selling no inventories no deliveries = 20 no financial risk . = 20 this is a not an mlm . if this interest you , please visit my web page = at = 20 www . hartley . on . ca / residual = 20 if this email has reached you in error , i apologize . if you wish to be = 20 removed from any future mailings from our company please reply with the = word = 20 remove in the subject line . = 20 thank you
 "",1
 293,""Subject: business offer
  
  i ' m looking for people that have an interest in creating additional = income = 20 working from their homes with : = 20 no investment no selling no inventories no deliveries = 20 no financial risk . = 20 this is a not an mlm . if this interest you , please visit my web page = at = 20 www . hartley . on . ca / residual = 20 if this email has reached you in error , i apologize . if you wish to be = 20 removed from any future mailings from our company please reply with the = word = 20 remove in the subject line . = 20 thank you
 "",1
 294,""Subject: thank you for joining our mailing list
  
  sorry it has taken us so long to send you our first newsletter . we redid = our server to make it faster for = 20 you . unfortunately it took a couple of months . please visit our site = today . = 20 http : / / www . mallcentral . com = 20 thank you , arlene
 "",1
 295,""Subject: business loans & leasing of equipment
  
  do you know of a business that needs a cash loan ? we have fast fundings ! ! or might want to use lease financing for purchasing any type of equipment , computers , phones , office furniture , trucks , industrial machinery , medical equipment , etc . then use that equipment to put more $ $ on the bottom line . please give us a call at afr for any questions or to have more information and a application sent to you . call 305-382 - 8018 afr 's live polite consultants on duty to assist you from 8 : 00 am to 6 : 00 pm monday thru saturday timing is everything ! ! sometimes most business need fresh cash to be able to make new profits . expect the best service that you have ever received . please save this message for future use or give this to a business friend . thank you for your time . have a very pleasant day .
 "",1
 296,""Subject: email list goldmine & specials
  
  removal instructions : just hit reply and put """" remove """" in the subject = line . simple . . = 20 and you will be placed on our global remove list . . = 20 just released ! ! ! the freshest , cleanest list on the internet today ! only $ 69 dollars per 1 , 000 , 000 fresh email addresses / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / have you purchased expensive bulk email software just to find out that = collecting = 20 thousands of deliverable addresses is n't as easy as you thought ? if you have a product / service to sell our list of 1 , 000 , 000 addresses = will bring you = 20 the results you ' re looking for . what makes our list different ? * * do do not collect anything from newsgroup postings * * * * our lists are updated daily and never over 1 month old ! ! * * * * we will replace every non-deliverable address with 2 new ones ! ! it 's a fact that the average internet user changes their email = address or isp = 20 several times a year . there is no way we can guarantee our lists will be = 100 % = 20 deliverable , so order today and after you use our list if there are any = undeliverable , = 20 we will replace them with 2 different email addresses ! no other = company = 20 offers this type of guarantee ! """" the freshest valid email addresses are pure * gold * """" since sending email is so inexpensive , a good email list is all you need = to reach = 20 your road to the entire world and make huge profit in the shortest time . this is how we did it ! / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / we took a total of over 50 million email addresses from many of the = touted cd ' s = 20 that are out there ( bough them all - some were over 300 dollars ! ) we = added the = 20 several million that we harvested from classified ad sites & mlmer = directories to = 20 the total . when we combined them all , we had in excess of 55 million = addresses = 20 in one huge file over a gigabyte ! we then ran a super """" sort / de-dupe """" program against this huge list . it = cut the file = 20 down to less then 20 million ! ! ! can you believe that ? it seems that = most people out = 20 there selling cd 's are duping the public by putting numerous files of = addresses in the = 20 cd over and over . this created many duplicate addresses . they also had = many = 20 program """" generated """" email addresses like compuserve , mci , anon 's , etc . = this = 20 causes a tremendous amount of undeliverables , and for those that use = stealth = 20 programs , clogs up servers quickly and gets you kicked off fast ! we then ran a program that contained 100 + bad key words to remove = addresses with = 20 vulgarity , profanity , sex-related names , postmaster , webmaster , flamer , = abuse , spam , = 20 nospam , etc . , etc . also eliminated all . edu , . mil , . org , . gov , etc . = after that list was run = 20 against the remaining list it reduced it down to near 8 million = addresses ! finally and lastly , we tested our list of addresses by sending them a = small teaser ad = 20 and guess our response rate ! ! ! after we finished sending mail to all of = the 10 million = 20 people our response rate was close to 6 % ! ! ! the money we received from = all these = 20 customers was 3 - 4 times as much as you would pay for any other bulk = email list cd . = 20 giving us a tremendous profit on our investment . our list is a gold = mine ! so , you see , our list will save people hundreds of dollars buying all = others that are out = 20 there on cd and otherwise . using ours will be like using the 50 million = that we started with , = 20 but a lot less money and for a lot less time ! ! we also included some of cyber-promo 's email addresses in this list . = we included it just = 20 prior to finishing production on this new list . we also filtered our = list from a 300 , 000 = 20 """" remove / flamer """" list to add against flames . * * the bottom line is * * sure , you can buy a cd-rom with """" 25 - million """" addresses for $ 150 . 00 but = what good = 20 will it do if 80 % of the lists are those of non-deliverable , randomly = generated or fake ? = 20 here 's something you should know , those companies that offer such = products use = 20 software that randomly produces email addresses . for example , they = start with = 20 an extension like """" @ prodigy """" and starting form a - z , produce addresses = like : adam @ prodigy . net , adam1 @ prodigy . net , adam2 @ prodigy . net etc . . . of course with almost 100 million internet users some of those = addresses will actually = 20 be real , but are you willing to risk it ? facts are , nobody can collect = 25 million different = 20 real addresses unless you had a dozen servers working around the clock = for months . = 20 and by the time you collected 25 million addresses , most of them will no = longer be valid = 20 due to cancelled accounts , changed email addresses , etc . you ' ll get = much better results = 20 and rich faster if you purchased newer lists of real addresses , not = randomly generated ones . = 20 our 1 million address list is a targeted group of addresses that have = been gathered specifically looking for opportunity seekers , on - line marketers , etc . the list is = highly responsive and hot ! price : $ 69 . 00 our 2 million address list consists of a broad range of end users . from = those who post in = 20 classified sections , directories , and much more ! this list also includes = all the on line marketers that are in the first list . = 20 price : $ 119 . 00 how to order : to order , please print this email out and cut from here on : order now ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( cut here ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - order form : please print out this order form and then fill in the blanks . . . _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i am ordering within 7 days , please send the site = information for my whole = 20 list of 1 or 2 ( circle one ) million e-mail addresses for the appropriate = price listed below , = 20 and include a list of 200 , 000 targeted us e-mail addresses as a super = bonus ! enclosed is $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ us funds signed to ( kevin monrose ) for your email = list , it is in a = 20 business check / personal check / us money order / cash ( circle one ) : by sending cash , please make sure that cash is wrapped around with many = fold of thick paper and sealed securely . ( if possible , wrapped around with carbon = paper ) . use the private mail service such as ups or fedex to ensure fast delivery . = many of our clients use this method because they are not familiar with = international banking process . please place inside an envelope and mail to : unique marketing solutions 136 hidden valley place n . w . calgary , alberta t3a4z6 canada please contact kevin monrose at ( 403 ) 274-5823 during evenings mon-sat = before you place a order . = 20 thank you ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email addresses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ as soon as we process your check or money order , the information and = 20 passwords for downloading will be send first via email , and then by a = phone call .
 "",1
 297,""Subject: warning !
  
  warning ! you ' re about to see something great ! if you are interested , = visit this web site . . . . http : / / 207 . 36 . 85 . 71 or click here !
 "",1
 298,""Subject: attraction
  
  do you want to succeed at dating , or you just need a little spark to = your relationship or marriage ? well here is the answer for you ! sensations = ae , the new compact disc that uses proven subliminal = techniques to increase your chances of sexual success with the opposite sex . . simply = play it and watch it work ! ! ! ! do you want to be a winner ? = 20 if yes then go to http : / / 207 . 134 . 166 . 10 / users / subliminal / subliminal . htm
 "",1
 299,""Subject: hi , how are you !
  
  dear friend : this is an extremely important announcement for you ! iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii = iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii important announcement important announcement = ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' = ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' your future may depend on it ! ! ! iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii = iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii before you learn about this ' important announcement ' , please read the following ' editorial excerpts ' first from some important publications in = the united states : new york times : """" in concluding our review of financial organizations ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' to effect change in = the 90 's , special attention should be called to ' world currency cartel ' organization based in california . = the members of this organization are amassing hundreds of millions of = dollars in the currency market using a very legal method which has never been divulged to the general public . while their purpose is not yet = known , their presence has most certainly been felt """" . nbc nightly news : """" members of the world currency cartel = organization , ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' who always = keep very low profile of themselves , are some of the most powerful and wealthiest people in this hemisphere """" . more excerpts later , but first let us give you this """" important = announcement """" : ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` = ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` we are glad to announce that for the very first time , the world currency cartel organization will instruct a limited number of people worldwide how to convert $ 25 into one hundred of legal currency . we will transact the first conversion for you , after that you can = quickly and easily do this on your own hundreds or even thousands of times each and every month . take advantage of this """" secret flaw """" ! = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d it is even more explosive than we have yet disclosed . while currency does fluctuates daily , we can show you how to convert $ 99 = 20 into $ 580 as many times as you want . that means , you will be able to convert $ 99 american legal currency dollars for = 20 $ 580 of the same . you can do this as many times as you wish , = 20 every day , every week , every month . all very legally and effort - lessly ! it only takes about 5 to 10 minutes each time you do this . you can do this from your home , office or even while travelling . all you need is an access to a phone line and an address . best of all , you can do this from any city on this earth ! ! ! again , we must reiterate , anyone can do this and the source is never - ending . for as long as the global financial community continues to use different currencies with varying exchange rate , this """" secret flaw """" will exist . = ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' as we said earlier , we will do the first transaction for you and will = also show you exactly how to do this on your own , over and over again . the amount of exchange you would do each time is entirely up to you . working just 2 to 10 hrs a week , you can soon join the list of = mllionaires who do this on a daily basis and many times a day . the transaction is so simple that even a high school kid can do it ! we at the world currency cartel organization would like to see a uniform global currency backed by gold . but , until then , we will allow a = limited number of individuals worldwide to share in the unlimited profits = provided for by the world currency differentials . we will espouse no more political views nor will we ask you do so . we can say however , that our parent organization wealth exchange int . = 20 benefits greatly by the knowledge being shared as we ourselves along with you benefit likewise . your main concern surely will be , how you = will benefit . in a short time , after you become a member , you can start making trans - actions from your home , office , by telephone or through the mail and = even while travelling . as we said earlier , we will do the first transaction = for you and will show you exactly how to do this over and over again . no one can stop you from earning hundreds of thousands and even millions of dollars each year for as long as this """" secret flaw """" exist ! = ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' do n't believe us , experience it for ourself ! ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; = unlike anyone else , we will assure you a great financial freedom and you will add to our = quickly growing base of supporters and join the list of mllionaires being = created using this """" secret flaw """" in the world currency market ! ! don ' t envy us , join us today ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * there is a one time membership fee of only $ 195 . 00 . but , if you join us by march 25 , 1998 , which is our company 's second anniversarry date , you can join us for only $ 25 administrative cost . your important documents , instructions , contact name / address / phone number and all other pertinent information will be mailed to you immediately . so , take advantage of our anniversarry date and join us today . ( if you are replying after march 25 , 1998 ; you must pay $ 195 for the membership . no exceptions and no more e-mail enquiries ) . upon becoming a member , you promise to keep all infos confidential . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ should you choose to cancel your membership for any reason , you must return all documents for a refund within 60 days . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ important : ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 1 . . . . . write your name & mailing address very clearly on paper 2 . . . . . below your address , please write your e - mail address ( optional ) 3 . . . . . at the top left hand corner , write the word """" new member """" 4 . . . . . attache a check or m . o . for $ 25 plus $ 3 for postage & shipping ( total us $ 28 . 00 ) 5 . . . . . make it payable to ' wealth exchange int . ' and mail to : wealth exchange int . 9903 santa monica bl ; suite # 405 beverly hills , ca 90212 . u . s . a . ( overseas request must add us $ 10 . 00 extra for the postage ) . > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > here are some more editorial excerpts : ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` wall street : """" a discreet group of americans , operating under the guise of world currency cartel have recently = begun making rumbles in world finance market . while at this time , their game is not completely known , they certainly be watched by those making major moves in the curency contracts """" . financial week : """" watch them , monitor them , extract their knowledge and try to become one of them . that is = the soundest financial advice we could give someone """" . national business weekly : """" while this reporter has been left in the = cold as to its method of = operation , we have been able to confirm that world currency cartel and its members are literally amassing great fortunes overnight """" . $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ end $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
 "",1
 300,""Subject: 1 week free access .
  
  the best adult entertainment site on the www , announces a limited time introductory offer . 1 week free access ! ! ! no risk , no obligation , cancel at any time ! for more details , visit the following web site url : http : / / 195 . 34 . 44 . 4 / pornoland / ( this message and web site are intended for mature adults over 18 . if under 18 , please delete this message . ) http : / / 195 . 34 . 44 . 4 / pornoland /
 "",1
 301,""Subject: re :
  
  just released . . . never sold before only 50 copies available over 250 , 000 email addresses for only = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? . . . . . . . . . read on these addresses are less than 21 days old . earn insane profits with the right formula if you have a product , service , or message that you would like to get = out to thousands , hundreds of thousands , or even millions of people , you = have several options . traditional methods include print advertising , = direct mail , radio , and television advertising . they are all effective , = but they all have two catches : they ' re expensive and time consuming . not = only that , you only get one shot at making your message heard , by the = right people . the internet , the """" global communications frontier """" has changed this = dramatically , including making countless individuals wealthy . = 20 """" electronic marketing , """" as it 's commonly referred to , has effectively = leveled the playing fields of all types businesses . internet marketing services has been in the online marketing business = for over 3 years . we can help make your goals come true . we have helped = many individuals succeed in marketing their product effectively . it 's = very simple to do . in fact soon you will have the problem of what to do = with all the cash you will make from sending out bulk email . = 20 here is just one of many true success stories we have seen . . . we did a mailing of 1 1 / 2 million emails for one of our customers . he = was selling a home workers manual for $ 29 . 95 . his results are very = typical and scary . he took in over 700 orders ! 700 x $ 29 . 95 = 3d $ 20 , 000 . = this gentleman was so amazed , that after being skeptical , it had really = happened to him , he made it , he found a niche . that niche was email ! he = went on to buy our full list and will be set for life in less than six = months time . all this from selling a simple manual via e . mail . that was just one of the many success stories we hear everyday . = 20 it may all sound to good to be true . well , we can tell you this . it = really does work . why else are so many individuals doing it ? they are = not just wasting their time . they are all making mega bucks . do n't even hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most = effective way to market anywhere . . period ! = 20 here ' s the bottom line and what we can do for you here is what you get when you order today ! > > 250 , 000 email addresses . . . 1 per line in simple text format . you will receive email addresses of the following domains . . . aol , = prodigy , compuserve , delphi , genie , juno , pipeline , interamp , msn , mci , = and other mixed email addresses ( . com , . net or . uk . . . etc ) . plus these bonus specials . . . you get everything for only $ 49 including p&p ( or = a330 uk ) > > > special bonus . . . if you order within 48 hours you can deduct $ 9 . 00 = ( or = a35 uk ) from the listed price . limited time only ! so only $ 40 or = = a325 uk . do n't even hesitate on this one . . reserve yours today ! all lists are completely free of any duplicates . we also on a continual = basis , add new names and remove undeliverables and remove requests . = 20 the result is the cleanest email addresses available anywhere to use = over and over again , for a fraction of the cost that other companies = charge . typical rates for acquiring email lists are from 1 cent to as = high as 3 cents per email address - that 's """" information highway """" = robbery ! . = 20 = 09 we only charge 0 . 016 cents per email address . start earning mega money and get started now ! if you have any further questions please feel free to contact us anytime = at : lists @ writeme . com and please type """" questions """" in the subject line . to order our email package , simply call our 24 hour order line at : = 20 tel : + 44 141 339 8325 ( outside uk ) 0141 339 8325 ( within uk ) anytime . you can also fax us on : + 44 141 339 8325 ( outside uk ) 0141 339 8325 = ( within uk ) anytime . don ' t forget . . . . . . . . . . . if you order within 48 hours you can deduct = $ 9 . 00 ( or = a35 uk ) from the listed price . limited time only ! so only $ 40 = or = a325 uk . best of luck ! ! we apologize if this e . mail was sent to you in error . to be permanently removed from all mailing lists simply send any e . mail = to : remove @ bulkcenter . com thank you ! internet marketing services
 "",1
 302,""Subject: hi , how are you !
  
  dear friend : this is an extremely important announcement for you ! iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii = iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii important announcement important announcement = ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' = ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' your future may depend on it ! ! ! iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii = iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii before you learn about this ' important announcement ' , please read the following ' editorial excerpts ' first from some important publications in = the united states : new york times : """" in concluding our review of financial organizations ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' to effect change in = the 90 's , special attention should be called to ' world currency cartel ' organization based in california . = the members of this organization are amassing hundreds of millions of = dollars in the currency market using a very legal method which has never been divulged to the general public . while their purpose is not yet = known , their presence has most certainly been felt """" . nbc nightly news : """" members of the world currency cartel = organization , ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' who always = keep very low profile of themselves , are some of the most powerful and wealthiest people in this hemisphere """" . more excerpts later , but first let us give you this """" important = announcement """" : ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` = ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` we are glad to announce that for the very first time , the world currency cartel organization will instruct a limited number of people worldwide how to convert $ 25 into one hundred of legal currency . we will transact the first conversion for you , after that you can = quickly and easily do this on your own hundreds or even thousands of times each and every month . take advantage of this """" secret flaw """" ! = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d it is even more explosive than we have yet disclosed . while currency does fluctuates daily , we can show you how to convert $ 99 = 20 into $ 580 as many times as you want . that means , you will be able to convert $ 99 american legal currency dollars for = 20 $ 580 of the same . you can do this as many times as you wish , = 20 every day , every week , every month . all very legally and effort - lessly ! it only takes about 5 to 10 minutes each time you do this . you can do this from your home , office or even while travelling . all you need is an access to a phone line and an address . best of all , you can do this from any city on this earth ! ! ! again , we must reiterate , anyone can do this and the source is never - ending . for as long as the global financial community continues to use different currencies with varying exchange rate , this """" secret flaw """" will exist . = ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' as we said earlier , we will do the first transaction for you and will = also show you exactly how to do this on your own , over and over again . the amount of exchange you would do each time is entirely up to you . working just 2 to 10 hrs a week , you can soon join the list of = mllionaires who do this on a daily basis and many times a day . the transaction is so simple that even a high school kid can do it ! we at the world currency cartel organization would like to see a uniform global currency backed by gold . but , until then , we will allow a = limited number of individuals worldwide to share in the unlimited profits = provided for by the world currency differentials . we will espouse no more political views nor will we ask you do so . we can say however , that our parent organization wealth exchange int . = 20 benefits greatly by the knowledge being shared as we ourselves along with you benefit likewise . your main concern surely will be , how you = will benefit . in a short time , after you become a member , you can start making trans - actions from your home , office , by telephone or through the mail and = even while travelling . as we said earlier , we will do the first transaction = for you and will show you exactly how to do this over and over again . no one can stop you from earning hundreds of thousands and even millions of dollars each year for as long as this """" secret flaw """" exist ! = ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' do n't believe us , experience it for ourself ! ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; = unlike anyone else , we will assure you a great financial freedom and you will add to our = quickly growing base of supporters and join the list of mllionaires being = created using this """" secret flaw """" in the world currency market ! ! don ' t envy us , join us today ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * there is a one time membership fee of only $ 195 . 00 . but , if you join us by march 25 , 1998 , which is our company 's second anniversarry date , you can join us for only $ 25 administrative cost . your important documents , instructions , contact name / address / phone number and all other pertinent information will be mailed to you immediately . so , take advantage of our anniversarry date and join us today . ( if you are replying after march 25 , 1998 ; you must pay $ 195 for the membership . no exceptions and no more e-mail enquiries ) . upon becoming a member , you promise to keep all infos confidential . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ should you choose to cancel your membership for any reason , you must return all documents for a refund within 60 days . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ important : ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 1 . . . . . write your name & mailing address very clearly on paper 2 . . . . . below your address , please write your e - mail address ( optional ) 3 . . . . . at the top left hand corner , write the word """" new member """" 4 . . . . . attache a check or m . o . for $ 25 plus $ 3 for postage & shipping ( total us $ 28 . 00 ) 5 . . . . . make it payable to ' wealth exchange int . ' and mail to : wealth exchange int . 9903 santa monica bl ; suite # 405 beverly hills , ca 90212 . u . s . a . ( overseas request must add us $ 10 . 00 extra for the postage ) . > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > here are some more editorial excerpts : ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` wall street : """" a discreet group of americans , operating under the guise of world currency cartel have recently = begun making rumbles in world finance market . while at this time , their game is not completely known , they certainly be watched by those making major moves in the curency contracts """" . financial week : """" watch them , monitor them , extract their knowledge and try to become one of them . that is = the soundest financial advice we could give someone """" . national business weekly : """" while this reporter has been left in the = cold as to its method of = operation , we have been able to confirm that world currency cartel and its members are literally amassing great fortunes overnight """" . $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ end $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
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 303,""Subject: change your life for $ 15 . 55
  
  you can make money or excuses . . . but not both ! ! ! """" he who dares nothing , need not hope for anything """" . """" invest a little time , energy and very little money now or search for it for the rest of your life """" . surely you have heard by now about the four reports - we all have . = 20 but here are the real facts . these all deal with multi level marketing = and = 20 require you to promote people upline and find people to promote your = downline . i believe there is a different way of doing things . if you are going to = invest time = 20 and a little money , which is required , why not promote what you have and = what you have only . let the others take care of themselves , for themselves . each and every one of the reports listed below have the capability of = changing your life forever . and they will if you apply them to your lives . if your order is postmarked within ten days of this e-mail , you can have = all four reports for only $ 15 . 00 and a self-addressed stamped ( . 55 cents = postage ) envelope . you save five dollars , postage , envelopes and mailings . there is no better way to spend $ 15 . 55 than to use it to change your = life forever . the downside : you invest $ 15 . 55 and receive 4 reports and do nothing = with them . the upside : you invest $ 15 . 55 and receive 4 reports that , if utilized , = pave the road to financial success and freedom . = 20 seems like a very worthwhile investment gamble to me ! ! ! where else would such a small investment pay off in such an exciting = way . it 's your call ! ! ! listed below are the four reports that will change your life , = guaranteed : # 1 - how to make $ 250 , 000 . 00 through multi level marketing , # 2 - major corporations and multi level sales , # 3 - sources for the best mailing lists , # 4 - evaluating multi level sales . mail $ 15 . 00 cash for the four reports to : benzer productions 14341 inglewood ave . # 183 hawthorne , ca 90250 you must include : ( 1 ) - a note stating that you are ordering the four reports , ( 2 ) - a self-addressed stamped ( . 55 cents postage ) envelope , ( 3 ) - $ 15 . 00 cash only . international orders should be sent with $ 16 . 00 cash . ( $ 1 . 00 is for the extra postage ) all orders will be mailed within 48 hours . the decision is yours . change your life forever for only $ 15 . 55 . change your life today . please note : when you receive a $ 15 . 00 order , you must send out the product / service to comply with u . s . postal and lottery laws . title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 specifically state that : """" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . """" doc . cyl
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 304,""Subject: save hundreds at restaurants , groceries and airlines
  
  double coupon books ! just - - $ 40 - - a low one time purchase gets the following : $ 500 grocery coupon book $ 300 fast food restaurant coupon = all of the top name places first time on the market ! this program is : * simple ! * easy ! * easy to duplicate ! * affordable ! get - a - way checks - - complimentary $ 500 airline discount coupon book your books arrive in days of your order coupons redeemable at participating retailers . fax - on - demand : ( 619 ) 622-0073 ext . 1116-01 # or 02 # this information is contained in the website request information or ask questions information hotline ( 916 ) 486-5580
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 305,""Subject: free book ! from # 1 best - selling financial author , robert allen
  
  i have discovered what i believe is the perfect home-based business . although i ' m well known for real-estate investment books and seminars , = this new business has absolutely nothing to do with real estate . in = fact , it 's much easier and far less risky . it involves no employees , = little start-up cash , little risk and it 's so simple , anyone can do it . you could be earning $ 1 , 000 a week in as little as 90 days . the number to call immediately is ( 888 ) 303-0621 . it 's a toll-free = 2 - minute 24 - hour recorded message . this may be the answer you have been = seeking . warmly , robert g . allen p . s . i want to show you how to create extra streams of income quickly . = go to the phone and call now . '
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 306,""Subject: penpals - correspondence - freinds .
  
  hello , come and visit us , meet new friends from brazil . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - correspondence * penpals * travel * romance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ http : / / www . always-friends . com always friends , bem - vindo
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 307,""Subject: a new weight loss patch from north america print this form and reply by fax to 816-356 - 7310 for more info ! call our one minute information line 913-383 - 7979
  
  the patch for weight loss is here and resellers are needed ! just stick it and forget it , it works 24 hours per day . launch date april 1 , 1998 pay no money now ! position yourself - have you sales team in = 20 place and then decide . no gamble - all win - no lose earn $ 2500 . 00 per week , you can be paid the first week ! = 20 totally new company founded by doctors ! super weight loss documentation . . . . . this isn = 92t the one to wait around on ! _ _ _ yes - reserve my position . name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ c&h enterprises is a direct representative to the company . we = 20 will do everything possible to assist you in building sales . now fax to 816-356 - 7310 . your information pack will be faxed = 20 asap . you may use this form for pre-recruiting & contacting other = 20 people . just fill in your name as sponsor below and fax or e-mail = 20 it to other people . start now ! don = 92t miss the explosion ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sponsors name sponsors phone sponsors fax = 20 print this form and reply by fax 816-356 - 7310 reply by fax today !
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 308,""Subject: you can win ! ! !
  
  enter the super nova sweepstakes - - - you might win a free vacation for two to the greatest casinos around the world ! ! ! click right here , right now - first stop = a0 las vegas - enjoy a luxurious stay on the las vegas strip where you will find fabulous entertainment and exceptional dining . second stop sun city - rejoice in the splendor of this south african resort town while gambling in the far southern hemisphere . final stop - monaco , the world 's most royal city - where you ' ll gamble and relax amidst european splendor . in total , you ' ll have 11 nights and 12 days of luxurious entertainment and gambling at the most spectacular casinos the world has to offer . = a0 but you have to enter . click right here , right now -
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 309,""Subject: here is how to send your own bulk email
  
  this website will teach you how to bulk email your product , service , or business opportunity successfully . . . and how to target email your product or service in your local / specific area fact : while there are many people who try to bulk email , there are very few who do it successfully ! why ? : because many people buy bulk email software along with millions of addresses , and are still not supplied with the necessary information they must have to successfully bulk email . here is the rest of the information that the bulk email programs and list sellers never give you that you must have . for the beginner : this site teaches you as if you were in the 1st grade , with complete step-by - step instructions , software & addresses to start effective bulk emailing immediately , at speeds of up to 250 , 000 emails per hour ( and faster ) . do n't pay someone else to send your bulk email . . . you never know if it really is going out ! do it yourself ! we include : how to target email your product or service in your local / specific area plus : * complete instructions on how to send bulk email ! * information on smtp servers * """" bulk friendly """" isps * how to make sure your email is being delivered * how to read header information * how to put """" click here """" links in your bulk email * how to send bulk email in color * information on the internet and why bulk emailing * much , much more ! also : * free 8 million email addresses available for download right now ! * free email list management software ( sorts , counts , filters , combines , etc . at lightning speed ! ) * stealth massmailer software when registering you will save 50 % ! ! ! ! ! * free software demo that automatically keeps you signed on aol indefinitely ! * search engine submission software demo * and much more ! ! ! ! * note : while the software that is obtainable at this site is valuable , it is secondary to the valuable information you will obtain regarding how to send bulk email ! the cost for membership is only $ 99 . 00 ! ! ! ! limited time offer ! call now for access ! ! 352-315 - 6069 we also provide professional bulk emailing services . call for details .
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 310,""Subject: a new beginning
  
  subject : a new beginning this is the beginning of the beginning this is the groundfloor of something unprecedented . if you missed out on profiting from microsoft 's stellar rise . . . . . . or profiting from the satellite tv explosion . . . . . . or profiting from the internet phenomenon . . . if you watched real opportunity after real opportunity pass by as others made fortunes . . . then you ' ve now just been handed another chance . only this one is the mother of all opportunities . i invite you to listen and learn about the product of the decade . . . . . . and why our exclusive rights to it will make you and me a fortune . toll free 1-888 - 625-8106 ( 24 hours )
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 311,""Subject: = = = > home computer workers needed now ! < = = =
  
  my personal advise : skip all the b . s . & go straight to the instructions , this is very logical , read it all the way through & you ' ll see why it really works ! ( if you have any questions please write to me at : faq _ here @ yahoo . com ) ( i apologize if this e . mail was sent to you in error . to be permanently removed from all mailing lists simply reply & type in the 's ubject ' : """" remove """" ) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then read it again ! ! ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its ability to generate large amounts of cash . this program is showing fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go to the bank ! this truly is the lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow the easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams will come true ! when followed correctly , this multi-level marketing program works perfectly . . 100 % every time ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , cars , etc . this is your chance , do n't pass it up ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary electronic multi-level marketing program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - this is what you will do to reach financial freedom : you will send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level businesses , you will increase your business building your downline and selling the products ( reports ) . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new multi - level business online ( via your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive via """" snail mail """" will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they ordered . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s it ! the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest multi-level marketing business anywhere ! follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n s * * * * * * * follow these instructions exactly , and in 15 to 40 days you will have received well over $ 50 , 000 . 00 cash , all yours . this program has remained successful because of the honesty and integrity of the participants . please continue its success by carefully adhering to the instructions . this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose name appears on the list next to the report . * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save them on your computer and resell them . * usually within 10 days you will receive , via e-mail , the four reports . save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in steps """" a """" through """" f """" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , take this advertisement and remove the name and address under report # 4 . this person has made it through the cycle and is no doubt counting their 50 grand ! c . move the name and address under report # 3 down to report # 4 . d . move the name and address under report # 2 down to report # 3 . e . move the name and address under report # 1 down to report # 2 . f . insert your name / address in the report # 1 position . please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address accurately ! ! ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this letter . 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the worldwide web ! advertising on the web is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . another avenue which you could use for advertising is e-mail lists . you can buy these lists for under $ 20 / 2 , 000 addresses or you can pay someone a minimal charge to take care of it for you . 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report ( checks not accepted ) - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets of paper - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and ( c ) your postal address . it is suggested that you rent a mailbox addressed to an assumed """" company """" name to avoid your name and home address being sent to millions of people . for an example , see the """" company """" names listed below . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """" order report # 1 from : kjr 383 kingston av . suite # 226 brooklyn , ny 11213 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """" major corporations and multi-level sales """" order report # 2 from : el madrileno inc . 824 eastern parkway brooklyn , ny 11213 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """" sources for the best mailing lists """" order report # 3 from : john stone 425 brooklyn av . brooklyn , ny 11225 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """" evaluating multi-level sales plans """" order report # 4 from : dominguez pedro 383 kingston av . apt . 226 , 2 - b brooklyn ny 11213 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think about it ! your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which state that """" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . """" * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving """" junk mail . """" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population and percentages involved . i """" knew """" it would n't work . doris totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old """" i told you so """" on her when the thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i have joined doris in her """" hobby . """" i did have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the """" rat race """" and it 's not for me . we owe it all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i surprised when i found my medium-size post office box crammed with orders ! for awhile , it got so overloaded that i had to start picking up my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't matter where in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! ! !
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 312,""Subject: free web site
  
  new improved with free software , free bulk e mail system , free web site = to do what you wish , ongoing support ( optional ) , and a lot more ! all = included , when you order all four reports . this is a """" one-time message """" you were randomly selected to receive = this . = 20 there is no need to reply to remove , you will receive no further = mailings from us . if you have interest in this great information , please do not click = reply , = 20 use the contact information in this message . thank you ! \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ $ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ = \ \ \ \ \ you are about to make at least $ 50 , 000 usd in less than 90 days read the enclosed program . . . then read it again . . . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / / dear friend , the enclosed information is something i almost let slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . my name is christopher erickson . two years ago , the corporation i worked at for the past twelve years down-sized and my position was eliminated . after unproductive job interviews , i decided to open my own business . over the past year , i incurred many unforeseen financial problems . i owed my family , friends , and creditors over $ 35 , 000 . the economy was taking a toll on my business and i just could n't seem to make ends meet . i had to refinance and borrow against my home to support my family and struggling business . i truly believe it was wrong for me to be in debt like this . at that moment something significant happened in my life and i am writing to share my experience in hopes that this will change your life forever . . . . financially ! ! ! in mid - december , i received this program via email . six months prior to receiving this program i had been sending away for information on various business opportunities . all of the programs i received , in my opinion , were not cost effective . they were either too difficult for me to comprehend or the initial investment was too much for me to risk to see if they worked or not . one claimed i 'd make a million dollars in one year . . . it did n't tell me i 'd have to write a book to make it . but like i was saying , in december of ' 92 i received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off a mailing list . thank goodness for that ! ! ! after reading it several times , to = make sure i was reading it correctly , i could n't believe my eyes . = 20 here was a money-making phenomenon . i could invest as much as i wanted = to start , without putting me further in debt . after i got a pencil and paper and figured it out , i would at least get my money back . after determining that the program is legal and not a chain letter , i decided """" why not """" . initially i sent out 10 , 000 emails . it only cost me about $ 15 . 00 for my time on-line . the great thing about email is that i did n't need any money for printing to send out the program , only the cost to fulfill my orders . i am telling you like it is , i hope it does n't turn you off , but i promised myself that i would not """" rip-off """" anyone , no matter how much money it cost me ! . in less than one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by january 13th , i had received 26 orders for report # 1 . when you read the guarantee in the program , you will see that """" you must receive = 15 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks . if you don ' t , send out = more programs until you do ! """" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in 20 to = 90 days was done . by january 30th , i had received 196 orders for report = # 2 . if you go back to the guarantee , """" you must receive 100 or more orders for report # 2 within two weeks . if not , send out more = programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , = relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goal . """" well , i had 196 orders for = report # 2 , 96 more than i needed . so i sat back and relaxed . by march = 19th , of my emailing of 10 , 000 , i received $ 58 , 000 with more coming in = every day . i paid off all my debts and bought a much needed new car . please take time to read the attached program , it will change your life forever ! remember , it wont work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place . it does n't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! report # 2 explains this . = 20 always follow the guarantee , 15 to 20 orders for report # 1 , and 100 or more orders for report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or more in 20 to 90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i ' m sorry . it really is a great opportunity with little cost or risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to financial security . if you are a fellow business owner and you are in financial trouble like i was , or you want to start your own business , consider this a sign . i did ! sincerely , christopher erickson ps do you have any idea what 11 , 700 $ 5 bills ( $ 58 , 000 ) look like piled up on a kitchen table ? it ' s awesome ! """" threw it away """" """" i had received this program before . i threw it away , but later wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to contact to get a copy , so i had to wait until i was emailed another copy of the program . eleven months passed , then it came . i didn ' t throw this one away . i made $ 41 , 000 on the first try . """" dawn w . , evansville , in """" no free lunch """" """" my late father always told me , ' remember , alan , there is no free lunch in life . you get out of life what you put into it . ' through trial and error and a somewhat slow frustrating start , i finally figured it out . the program works very well , i just had to find the right target group of people to email it to . so far this year , i have made over $ 63 , 000 using this program . i know my dad would have been very proud of me . """" alan b . , philadelphia , pa a personal note from the originator of this program by the time you have read the enclosed information and looked over the enclosed program and reports , you should have concluded that such a program , and one that is legal , could not have been created by an amateur . let me tell you a little about myself . i had a profitable business for ten years . then in 1979 my business began falling off . i was doing the same things that were previously successful for me , but it was n't working . finally , i figured it out . it was n't me , it was the economy . inflation and recession had replaced the stable economy that had been with us since 1945 . i do n't have to tell you what happened to the unemployment rate . . . because many of you know from first hand experience . there were more failures and bankruptcies than ever before . the middle class was vanishing . those who knew what they were doing = invested wisely and moved up . those who did not , including those who = never had anything to save or invest , were moving down into the ranks of = the poor . as the saying goes , """" the rich get richer and the poor get = poorer . """" the traditional methods of making money will never allow you = to """" move up """" or """" get rich """" , inflation will see to that . you have just received information that can give you financial freedom for the rest of your life , with """" no risk """" and """" just a little bit of effort . """" you can make more money in the next few months than you have = ever imagined . i should also point out that i will not see a penny of your money , nor anyone else who has provided a testimonial for this program . i have already made over four million dollars ! i have retired from the program after sending out over 16 , 000 programs . now i have several offices which market this and several other programs here in the us and overseas . by the spring , we wish to market the ' internet ' by a partnership with america on line . follow the program exactly as instructed . do not change it in any way . = it works exceedingly well as it is now . remember to email a copy of = this exciting program to everyone that you can think of . one of the people you send this to may send out 50 , 000 . . . and your name will be on every one of them ! . remember though , the more you send out , the = more potential customers you will reach . so my friend , i have given you the ideas , information , materials and opportunity to become financially independent , it is up to you now ! """" think about it """" before you delete this program from your mailbox , as i almost did , take a little time to read it and really think about it . get a pencil and figure out what could happen when you participate . figure out the worst possible response and no matter how you calculate it , you will still make a lot of money ! definitely get back what you invested . = 20 any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . it works ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc here ' s how this amazing program will make you $ $ $ $ $ $ let 's say that you decide to start small , just to see how it goes , and we ' ll assume you and all those involved send out 2 , 000 programs each . let 's also assume that the mailing receives a . 5 % response . using a good list the response could be much better . also many people will send out hundreds of thousands of programs instead of 2 , 000 . but continuing with this example , you send out only 2 , 000 programs . with a . 5 % response , that is only 10 orders for report # 1 . those 10 people respond by sending out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 20 , 000 . out of those . 5 % , 100 people respond and order report # 2 . those 100 mail out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 200 , 000 . the . 5 % response to that is 1 , 000 orders for report # 3 . those 1 , 000 send out 2 , 000 programs each for a 2 , 000 , 000 total . the . 5 % response to that is 10 , 000 orders for report # 4 . that 's 10 , 000 five dollar bills for you . cash ! ! ! ! your total income in this example is $ 50 + $ 500 + $ 5000 + $ 50 , 000 for a total of $ 55 , 550 ! ! ! ! remember friend , this is assuming 1 , 990 out of 2 , 000 people you mail to = will do absolutely nothing . . . and trash this program ! dare to think for = a moment what would happen if everyone or half sent out 100 , 000 programs instead of only 2 , 000 . believe me , many people will do = that and more ! by the way , your cost to participate in this is = practically nothing . you obviously already have an internet connection and email is free ! ! ! report # 3 will show you the best methods for bulk emailing and purchasing email lists . this is a legitimate , legal , money making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house except to get the mail . if you believe that someday you ' ll get that big break that you ' ve been waiting for , this is it ! simply follow the instructions , and your dream will come true . this multi-level email order marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time . email is the sales tool of the future . take advantage of this non-commercialized method of advertising now ! ! the longer you wait , the more people will be doing business using email . get your piece of this action ! ! multi-level marketing ( mlm ) has finally gained respectability . it is = being taught in the harvard business school , and both stanford research and the wall street journal have stated that between 50 % and = 65 % of all goods and services will be sold throughout multi - level methods by the mid to late 1990 's . this is a multi - billion dollar industry and of the 500 , 000 millionaires in the us , 20 % ( 100 , 000 ) made their fortune in the last several years in mlm . moreover , statistics show 45 people become millionaires everyday through multi - level marketing . instructions we at erris mail order marketing business , have a method of raising capital that really works 100 % every time . i am sure that you could use = $ 50 , 000 to $ 125 , 000 in the next 20 to 90 days . before you say """" bull """" , please read the program carefully . this is not a chain letter , but a perfectly legal money making opportunity . basically , this is what we do : as with all multi-level business , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the usa allows you to recruit new multi - level business partners , and we offer a product for every dollar sent . your orders come and are filled through the mail , so you are not = involved in personal selling . you do it privately in your own home , = store or office . this is the greatest multi - level mail order marketing anywhere : step ( 1 ) order all four 4 reports listed by name and number . do this by ordering the report from each of the four 4 names listed on the next page . for each report , send $ 5 cash and a self - addressed , stamped envelope ( business size # 10 ) = to the person listed for the specific report . international = = 20 orders should also include $ 2 extra for postage . it is essential that you specify the name and number of the report requested to the person you are ordering from . you will need all four 4 reports because you will be reprinting and reselling them . do not alter the names or sequence other than what the instructions say . important : always provide same-day service on all orders . step ( 2 ) replace the name and address under report # 1 with yours , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . drop the name and address under report # 2 to report # 3 , moving the one that was there to report # 4 . the name and address that was under report # 4 is dropped from the list and this party is no doubt on the way to the bank . when doing this , make certain you type the names and addresses accurately ! do not mix up moving product / report positions ! ! ! step ( 3 ) having made the required changes in the name list , save it as a text ( . txt ) file in it 's own directory to be used with whatever email program you like . again , report # 3 will tell you the best methods of bulk emailing and acquiring email lists . step ( 4 ) email a copy of the entire program ( all of this is very important ) to everyone whose address you can get your hands on . start with friends and relatives since you can encourage them to take advantage of this fabulous = 20 money-making opportunity . that 's what i did . and they love me now , more than ever . then , email to anyone and everyone ! use your imagination ! you can get email addresses from companies on the internet who specialize in email mailing lists . these are very cheap , 100 , 000 addresses for around $ 35 . 00 . important : you won't get a good response if you use an old list , so always request a fresh , new list . you will find out where to purchase these lists when you order the four 4 reports . always provide same-day service on all orders ! ! ! required reports * * * order each report by number and name * * * always send a self-addressed , stamped envelope and $ 5 usd cash for each order requesting the specific report by name and number ( international orders should also include $ 2 usd extra for postage ) = 20 add you e amil address when sending in for your report this is for = updated information and continueing support ( optional ) that will be = handed down by you sponcers . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """" order report # 1 from : a . siegmund # 57 trakehnenstr . 13 53332 bornheim , germany _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """" major corporations and multi-level sales """" j . maz 15774 s . lagrange rd suite # 312 orland pk , il 60462 usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """" sources for the best mailing lists """" order report # 3 from : b . thompson 13504 greencaslte ridge tr . 404 burtonsville md . 20866 usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """" evaluating multi-level sales plans """" order report # 4 from : muw # 2 po box 71442 salt lake city , ut 84171-0442 usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conclusion . i am enjoying my fortune that i made by sending out this program . you too , will be making money in 20 to 90 days , if you follow the simple steps outlined in this mailing . to be financially independent is to be free . free to make financial decisions as never before . go into business , get into investments , retire or take a vacation . = 20 = = = = = = 20 c = dd
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 313,""Subject: free software ! ! !
  
  hello - = 20 everything you need to send bulk e-mail includes registered e-mail platinum all you need for sending bulk e-mail & promoting : i have been searching for promotional tips for all my downline members . mostly , this centered around ways to promote using bulk e-mail = responsibly . i have finally come upon a site and service that provides all we need : http : / / www . ezine-info . com use id # 1363 check it out for yourself : bulk e-mail software : e-mail platinum free e - mail addresses to download-lots of ' em - fresh 100 ' 000 ' s all sorts of other tips and free software learn how to bulk e-mail if you sign-up , please use my id # 1363 it is the best i have found . if you wish to be removed from * this * mailing list , please hit reply and = type """" remove """" in = 20 the subject field ( not the body ) . our servers will automatically = remove you from our list within 24hrs ! thankyou
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 314,""Subject: princess diana news flash princess diana princess diana princess diana princess
  
  diana princess diana princess diana * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dear princess diana fan , please forgive this intrusion into your """" privacy """" we think you """" might be """" interested in this """" limited offer """" diana , princess of wales """" commemorative stamps """" limited edition if interested , visit our web site at http : / / www . omantours . com / diana / you can have your own piece of princess diana by visiting our web site http : / / www . omantours . com / diana / or click here thank you very much for your attention and please forgive us for intruding into your privacy . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * in respect to your privacy , if you would like your address removed from our mailing list , please send a message to dianastamps @ hotmail . com and you will be removed within 48 hours . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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 315,""Subject: how you can investigate anyone on the internet !
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * """" net-detective """" easy way to find out anything about anyone on the internet ( special 1998 business owner 's edition } dear web user : did you know that : with the internet you can uncover everything you ever wanted to know about your employees , friends , relatives , spouse , neighbors , even your own boss ! you can check out anyone , anytime , anywhere , right on the internet . . . it 's no secret that the internet is a gigantic and powerful source of information , if you only know where to look . but one of the best kept secrets in the world right now is probably the amount of personal information other people can find out about you and others - - right on the internet . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * example ! information available about you right now , with just your name and address , i can almost instantly find out what you do for a living , name and age of your spouse and children , the make and color of your car , the value of your home , ( and probably how much you paid for it ) , credit information , your employment records , family tree , military records , which web sites you visit , etc . , etc . , etc . i can even find that long forgotten drug bust you had in college . and that ' s just the beginning , but you get the idea . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * good news the good news is that now you can find the same information , and more , about almost anyone . we have compiled a massive collection of internet investigative tools that will provide you with . . . over 350 immediately accessible internet sites and urls to locate people , credit records , social security , current or past employment , mail order purchases , addresses and phone numbers . it 's mind boggling , the type and quantity of information at hand . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * your copy now , you can have your own copy of this massive source of infor - mation . here are just a few of the things you can do with it : * you can locate e-mail , telephone or address information on friends and business associates . look up unlisted phone numbers ! * check out business associates and employees . * someone owe you money ? now you can track down debtors and locate hidden assets . * you can locate old classmates , missing family members , friends , or perhaps some long lost love . * investigate your family history ! locate birth , death , and social security records . * discover how to locate military records for all branches of the service , from the civil war to the persian gulf . * verify your own credit reports so you can correct wrong infor - mation that may be used to deny you credit . * check adoption records . * use the internet to locate missing children or relatives . * have doubts about your new boyfriend ? check him ( or her ) out . put your mind at ease ! * locate legal transcripts and court orders ! check the laws in any area . * find out how much alimony your neighbor is paying . * discover employment opportunities from countries around the world ! * great for checking out prospective and existing employees . allows you to check for driving and criminal records before you hire . * discover if the fbi has a file on you ! learn how you can even acquire copies of those files . and * you ' ll even find tips to help you """" discover """" the amount of someone else 's income . just imagine being able to have all of this information at your fingertips almost instantly ! think of the many uses . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * wait , there ' s more ! you will also discover : * how you can anonymously surf the net without your boss , friends , or anyone , ever knowing . * how you can cloak your email so your personal email address can't be discovered . * how you can access nearly 800 different searh engines ; some very specialized . * how you can make phone calls through a third party so the number called does n't show on your phone bill . * where you can find a list of speed traps throughout the usa . * how you can check out the reputations of businesses world - wide , including those on the internet . * how to """" launder money """" through a foreign bank account . information on untraceable asset protection ( anonymous banking ) , and more . * where you can get security products such as recording and tracking equipment , bomb detectors and much more . * find wanted criminals - - possibly someone you know ! you can even check your own personal records ! ! you may be astounded at the information available on the internet about you , your family , and your business . there are thousands of business and personal uses for these tools . now , more than ever , every business should have a copy ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * """" net-detective """" now , you can have your own copy of net-detective ! and , you can verify your own records , or find out the information you want and need to know about others for personal and business reasons . while not all the sites are free , many are free . and , at many , you ' ll find even more links to even more site and information ! it is really amazing what you can find on the internet . it is literally a goldmine of information . * with this research kit you ' ll discover everything available and how to locate it . great for the beginner and the experienced net surfer , alike . * straightforward ! fast and easily accessible ! everything you need to maximize the resources is included . amazingly simple ! * best of all , it is there , at your finger tips when you need it . you can immediately have the peace of mind of knowing who you can trust . with """" net detective """" you can explore the hidden past of anyone ; and discover those little secrets everyone has hidden . in today 's uncertain world such information can be invaluable ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * what does it cost ? order within 48 hours and you get the entire kit of investigative tools ( approximately 35 printed pages ) at a special reduced price of just $ 25 ! ( regular price for the kit is $ 37 ) . and we will include one full year of updates , as published , at no additional charge . the material is unconditionally guaranteed to work for you . our experts spent over 1 , 000 hours researching and testing this material . and now it can be yours . just follow the instructions below , and your copy will be delivered to you by email right away . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * special free bonus order within 48 hours and we will also include , as a special free bonus , a copy of our investigative sources program . this program contains the tools and resources used by private investigators across the country and comes with its own windows / win95 interface making it quick and easy to use . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * unconditional guarantee remember , as with all of our publications , we unconditionally guarantee it works and that you will be delighted with it . you can ' t lose ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * how to order ordering is safe and easy ! you can order by fax or regular mail . ( the unconditional guarantee still applies ! ) just fill in the order form at the bottom of this page . then fax it to us at : 1-305 - 289-1884 if you order by fax , your copy of net-detective will be sent to you by email within 24 hrs . or , if you prefer , you can send your order by snail mail to the address below . ( important : be sure to include your email address for delivery . ) we will send your copy by email the same day the order is received . thank you , jean rousseau rousseau publishing group p . s . wait , there is more ! order net detective now , get your free bonus of investigative sources program , and as a second free bonus we will include a copy of crypto-vault , the latest and toughest industrial strength security encryption software available anywhere . with crypto-vault you can hide anything on your computer . easy to use . push a button and protect your files from prying eyes , so only you can see them . keeps children , spouses , friends , roommates , even bosses out of your private files . perfect for home and business . order now ! you ' ll be glad you did ! rousseau publishing group 5800 overseas hwy . , st . 35-154 marathon , fl . 33050 fax 305-289 - 1884 internet publishers since 1995 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ jb 3-21 # 5 nd fax or mail order form ( please print clearly ) fax to : rousseau publishing group 1-305 - 289-1884 or mail to : rousseau publishing group 5800 overseas hwy . , st . 35-154 marathon , fl . 33050 hi : here is my order for """" net-detective """" at $ 25 total . i under - stand it is unconditionally guaranteed and will be deliver by email . include my free double bonus copy of investigative sources - - windows / win95 and my free copy of crypto-vault encryption software ( allow seven days for delivery of crypto - vault ) . important : check one ( ) send by email asap . ( ) make me a disk and send it to me . add $ 10 to my charge for the cost . name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( very important : please double check your address and print clearly . one small error and we won't be able to deliver your order . ) mail address ( for disk ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state & zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ payment method ( check one ) _ _ _ credit card , _ _ _ check or money order enclosed . card type : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your copy of net-detective and both bonus materials will be sent to you asap . thanks again for ordering ! jean jean rousseau rousseau publishing group _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ copyright 1996-98 rousseau publishing group . """" net - detective """" is a registered trademark of rousseau publishing group . all rights reserved . form 3-21 jb - # 5 - mail - - nd * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to be removed from our list , type : zebracharlie9 @ hotmail . com in the ( to : ) area and ( remove-2m ) in the subject area of a new e - mail and send . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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 316,""Subject: if wealthy , please ignore
  
  if you are reading this letter because of the subject , you ' ve already = 20 learned a useful and effective network marketing technique . what if i = 20 offered you hundreds of pages of in depth explanation regarding numerous = aspects of business ? what if i not only sent you the information , but = 20 the rights to resell it and keep % 100 of the profits . you are not part = 20 of a downline , and will never send me money after the initial $ 20 cost . = 20 have difficulty or simply a question and you contact me personally . to = 20 be removed from this list , please email kwilliams8 @ hotmail . com with your = email address in the subject field . = 95how to send bulk email legally and with no expense . plus free access = to = 20 a website containing 52 million email addresses , sorted and organized . = 95free internet advertising - hundreds of websites and the best = newsgroups = 20 to advertise in = 95program includes netcontact bulk email and address harvesting = software - = 20 registered . new version . = 20 = 95how to harvest email addresses of people interested in your product . = 20 target people by name , region or interests ( not just people on aol ) = 95companies who hire home based workers and pay by the hour ( no = envelope = 20 stuffing scams or payment based on sales commission ) opportunities range = from assembling models , typing , and internet surveillance to name a few . = 95colors and color combinations people find most appealing . will prove = a = 20 great help in ads . ( also explains how to send color ads ) = 95specific phrases and communication techniques that make you more = 20 effective - whether it be selling a product online , or speaking with your = boss offline the program features the above as well as dozens of other subjects . you = 20 may not be interested in all of them , just as you are may not be = 20 interested in all of the above . many internet sites charge $ 99 just for = 20 the bulk mail information of this program . with the resell rights = 20 included in the $ 20 fee you can sell any part of this program for any = 20 amount of money you like . post ads touting one part of the program to = 20 specific newsgroups who will be interested . with valuable information = 20 that applies to all aspects of business , as well as resell rights , this = 20 program is a true opportunity . currently my orders for this product = 20 hover around $ 260 a day , with only a couple hours work and minimal bulk = 20 mailings . the application of information in this program to all my other = business dealings is far more profitable . the resell rights are simply = 20 frosting on the cake . if i were a large company , i would market this = 20 through an infomercial and charge """" 3 easy payments of $ 49 . 95 . """" but as i = 20 am not , i charge only $ 20 . i hope this letter makes it through all of = 20 the 's pam ' in your box , and is taken seriously , and i hope to hear from = 20 you soon . make checks and money orders out to hyperreal hyperreal box 136 2051 richmond rd . , suite 125 lexington , ky 40502 please send me the complete information package , including resell rights = via first class mail . enclosed is the $ 20 cost . name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
 "",1
 317,""Subject: overworked and underpaid ?
  
  are you over worked and under paid ? well now you can relax . . . . . . . and let your computer go to work for you ! it can make you $ everal thou $ and dollar $ a month ! what will you do 2 years 5 years or 10 years down the road and find yourself in the same dead end job . you can put a work force to work for you 24 hours a day 7 days a week . here is a quote that really inspired me . i ' m sure you will recognize the author . """" optimism is the faith that leads to achievement . nothing can be done without hope and confidence . """" by helen keller . these are essential elements for success . there is another element that you need to succeed . that is """" knowledge """" or """" information """" . . . . . . . . . and that is what i have for you . . . . . . . . you get over 90 step by step reports on how to start your own business and how to market it . in these reports you have several businesses to choose from . you will also get 47 reports titled businesses to success . you will find so many ways to make money here . i ' ll even give you another 74 reports titled success strategies . more step by step information on making a lot of money . such as """" sure - fire methods of raising instant cash """" if you order today i ' ll even give you another 28 reports titled computers and the internet . these are great because you will learn step by step instructions on how to make money with your computer . all of these reports are royalty free . . . . . . . you can copy all of them and re-sell every one of them . each of these 240 reports can be sold for between $ 5 and $ 10 apiece . . . . . that 's $ 1200 to $ 2400 for all of them . or you can sell them in a bundle like this . i normally sell all of these reports together for $ 99 . 00 but you can purchase them today for only $ 19 . 50 thats not all . . . . . . . . i ' m also going to show you how to get a free web site . . . . . . . . that 's right free ! ! ! that ' s still not all . . . . . . . if you order today i will also send you one million e-mail addresses to get started with . . . . . . to do your own advertising . i wish you the best that life has to offer . a secure financial future is within your grasp ! so please do n't put this off . . . . . . order today ! ! ! it 's easy just click on this link to view all 240 reports and to place your order . order here as soon as your credit card clears i will process your order by sending all 240 reports , the information on how to get a free web site and one million e-mail addresses to you by e-mail . . . . . so do n't forget to type in your e-mail address in the order form . i look forward to your response . if you do not wish to recieve additional information on this outstanding business opportunity or any other information in the future , please accept my apologies , disregard this message and please click on remove by submitting your e-mail address here you will be taken off of my mailing list . thank you for your understanding and cooperation .
 "",1
 318,""Subject: become an a + certified pc technicia
  
  the bureau of labor and statistics estimates that from 1994 to 2005 , = computer related employment will jump by 60 % nationally . that increase = will mean a shortage of skilled personnel for the fast - growing , high - = tech industries . recent reports on the news confirms this shortage . so , = whether you ' re a seasoned information specialist or considering a new = career , """" a plus """" certification is the benchmark and your ticket into the = information age . becoming a + certified brings you to the threshold of an = industry that is poised to skyrocket over the next 3 - 11 years . """" a plus certification """" is a non - vendor ( i . e . novell , microsoft ) = specific certification that verifies the competency of a computer repair = professional there are two exams to take : first , hardware ( motherboards , ram , chips , = etc . ) then , the os specialty . ( mac or dos / win ) upon completion you will be able to earn far higher wage $ than those who = are not a + certified . = 20 our goal , at mountain micro , is to help you step through the door of the = information age as a confident , qualified and certified i . t . = professional with greater leverage in your career . the a + certification course comes with a 300 page text , two ( 2 ) cbt = cd-rom 's , and the checkit diagnostic software . the regular price is = $ 399 . 95 . mention this ad and get $ 100 . 00 off ! ! ! ! ! ! so order now . . . we will accept your order in three different ways : phone , email or snail mail 1 - phone : call our order line now ! ! ! 888 . 448 . 6273 - toll free 2-email : send the following order form to : sales @ mountainmicro . com be sure to put """" order """" in the subject . or 3 - snail mail : print out the following form and mail to : mountain micro p . o . box 1375 attn : education division coventry , ri 02816 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cut here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - [ [ [ do not remove this code - - > b . e . - 2112a + ) ] ] ] name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip \ country code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please circle metod of payment . check money order credit card if paying by credit card please circle type of card . visa m / c am ex discover credit card # : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp date : _ _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total amount included : us $ 299 . 95 ( add $ 10 . 00 for s , h , & insurance within the usa and $ 20 . 00 otherwise ) make checks payable to : mountain micro . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cut here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * our research indicates that this information may be of interest to you . if you have received this by mistake please send an email to the address listed below with """" remove """" in the subject . your = 20 name will be removed from our database . remove @ mountainmicro . com thank you . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * we also carry a complete line of mcse and novell certification = courseware . = 20 = 20
 "",1
 319,""Subject: fancy a flutter ? here 's atip
  
  for thursday 26th march for the best racing tip of the day phone 0897-555293 after 1 . 30pm . do n't believe me , try it , all you will risk is a 50p phone call but you could gain a very entertaining additional source of income . fact ! the information recorded on this telephone number on most race days has consistently produced winning bets at a hit rate of 60 . 7 % . fact ! a # 500 betting bank in march 1997 would now be worth # 7 , 719 if you had followed my simple betting process involving just two telephone calls a day . if you would like free details of my plan , leave your name and address at the end of the call and i will be happy to send you full = 20 instructions . calls charged per second only at 42p for 25 seconds . note : please do n't phone me before 1 . 30pm as you will waste your call a = 02
 "",1
 320,""Subject: ! find out anything about anyone on the internet !
  
  * * * * * * * """" net-detective """" = 20 easy way to find out anything = 20 about anyone on the internet ( special 1998 business owner 's edition } = 20 = 20 click here to go to = the net - detective web page ! dear web user : did you know that : with the internet you can uncover everything you ever wanted to know about your employees , friends , relatives , spouse , neighbors , even your own boss ! you can check out anyone , anytime , anywhere , right on the internet . . . it 's no secret that the internet is a gigantic and powerful source of information , if you only know where to look . = 20 but one of the best kept secrets in the world right now is probably the amount of personal information other people can find out about you and others - - right on the internet . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * example ! information available about you right now , with just your name and address , i can almost instantly find out what you do for a living , name and age of your spouse and children , = the make and color of your car , the value of your home , ( and probably how = much you paid for it ) , credit information , your employment records , family tree , military records , which web sites you visit , etc . , etc . , etc . i = can even find that long forgotten drug bust you had in college . and that ' s just the beginning , but you get the idea . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * good news the good news is that now you can find the same information , and more , about almost anyone . we have compiled a massive collection of internet investigative tools that will provide you with . . . over 300 immediately accessible internet sites and urls to locate people , credit records , social security , current or past employment , mail order purchases , addresses and phone numbers . = 20 it 's mind boggling , the type and quantity of information at hand . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = 20 = 20 your copy now , you can have your own copy of this massive source of information . here are just a few of the things you can do with it : = 20 * you can locate e-mail , telephone or address information on friends and business associates . look up unlisted phone numbers ! * check out business associates and employees . = 09 * someone owe you money ? now you can track down debtors and locate = hidden assets . * you can locate old classmates , missing family members , friends , or perhaps some long lost love . = 20 = 20 * investigate your family history ! locate birth , death , and social security records . = 20 * discover how to locate military records for all branches of the = service , from the civil war to the persian gulf . = 20 * verify your own credit reports so you can correct wrong information that may be used to deny you credit . = 20 * check adoption records . = 20 * use the internet to locate missing children or relatives . * have doubts about your new boyfriend ? check him ( or her ) out . = 20 put your mind at ease ! * locate legal transcripts and court orders ! check the laws in any area . * find out how much alimony your neighbor is paying . * discover employment opportunities from countries around the world ! * great for checking out prospective and existing employees . allows you = to check for driving and criminal records before you hire . * discover if the fbi has a file on you ! learn how you can even acquire copies of those files . = 20 and * you ' ll even find tips to help you """" discover """" the amount of someone else 's income . just imagine being able to have all of this information at your = fingertips almost instantly ! think of the many uses . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * wait , there ' s more ! you will also discover : * how you can anonymously surf the net without your boss , friends , = or = 20 anyone , ever knowing . * how you can cloak your email so your personal email address can't = be discovered . * how you can access nearly 800 different search engines ; some very = specialized . * how you can make phone calls through a third party so the number = called does n't show on your phone bill . * where you can find a list of speed traps throughout the usa . * how you can check out the reputations of businesses worldwide , including = 20 those on the internet . = 20 * how you can set up a foreign bank account . information on untraceable asset protection ( anonymous banking ) , and = more . = 20 * where you can get security products such as recording and = 20 tracking equipment , bomb detectors and much more . * find wanted criminals - - possibly someone you know ! = 20 you can even check your own personal records ! ! you may be astounded at = the information available on the internet about you , your family , and your business . there are thousands of business and personal uses for these tools . now , more than ever , every business should have a copy ! = 20 = 20 = 20 = 20 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * """" net-detective """" = 20 now , you can have your own copy of net-detective ! and , you can verify your own records , or find out the information you = want and need to know about others for personal and business reasons . while not all the sites are free , many are free . and , at many , you ' ll = find even more links to even more site and information ! it is really amazing what you can find on the internet . it is literally = a goldmine of information . = 20 * with this research kit you ' ll discover everything available and how to locate it . great for the beginner and the experienced net surfer , alike . * straightforward ! fast and easily accessible ! everything you need to maximize the resources is included . amazingly simple ! * best of all , it is there , at your finger tips when you need it . you = can = 20 immediately have the peace of mind of knowing who you can trust . = with """" net detective """" you can explore the hidden past of anyone ; and = discover those = 20 little secrets everyone has hidden . in today 's uncertain world such information can be invaluable ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * what does it cost ? order within 48 hours and you get the entire kit of investigative = 20 tools ( approximately 35 printed pages ) at a special reduced price of just $ 25 ! ( regular price for the kit is $ 37 ) . and we will include one full year of updates , as published , at no additional charge . = 20 the material is unconditionally guaranteed to work for you . our experts spent over 1 , 000 hours researching and testing this material . and now = it can be yours . just follow the instructions below , and your copy will be delivered to you by email right away . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * special free bonus order within 48 hours and we will also include , as a special free = bonus , a copy of our investigative sources program . = 20 this program contains the tools and resources used by private = investigators across the country and comes with its own windows / win95 interface making = it quick and easy to use . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * unconditional guarantee remember , as with all of our publications , we unconditionally guarantee it works and that you will be delighted with it . you can ' t lose ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * how to order = 20 ordering is safe and easy ! for more information , or to receive this = 20 35 page report and your bonus materials by email just go to our instant-delivery secure order form at : = 20 = 20 click here to go to = the net - detective web page ! = 20 special note : if you are busy and do n't have time to go to our web = 20 site instant-delivery order form , you can order by fax . ( the = unconditional guarantee still applies ! ) = 20 just fill in the fax form at the bottom of this page . then fax it to = 20 us at : 1-305 - 289-1884 if you order by fax , your copy of net detective will be sent to you by email within 24 hrs . or , if you prefer , you can send your order by snail mail to the address below . ( be sure to include your email address for delivery . ) we will = send your copy by email the same day the order is received . thank you , brian leeds , = 20 leeds publishing = 20 p . s . wait , there is more ! order net detective now , get your free copy of investigative sources program , and as a second free bonus we will include a copy of crypto-vault , the latest and toughest industrial strength security encryption software available anywhere . = 20 with crypto-vault you can hide anything on your computer . easy to use . = push a = 20 button and protect your files from prying eyes , so only you can see = 20 them . keeps children , spouses , friends , roommates , even bosses out of your private files . perfect for home and business . = 20 order now ! you ' ll be glad you did ! click here to go to = the net - detective web page ! = 20 leeds publishing = 20 5800 overseas hwy . , st . 35-154 marathon , fl . 33050 fax 305-289 - 1884 internet publishers since 1995 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ eol 2 - 2 nd fax or mail = 20 order form ( please print clearly ) important ( material is sent by email ) fax to : leeds publishing = 20 1-305 - 289-1884 or mail to : leeds publishing = 20 5800 overseas hwy . , st . 35-154 marathon , fl . 33050 hi : here is my order for """" net-detective 1998 edition """" at $ 25 total . i understand it is unconditionally guaranteed and will be deliver by email . include = my free = 20 double bonus copy of investigative sources - - windows / win95 and my free = copy of = 20 crypto-vault encryption software ( allow seven days for delivery of crypto - vault ) . = 20 = 20 send by email asap . date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( very important : please double check your address and print clearly in block letters . one small error and we won't be able to deliver your = order . ) = 20 payment method ( check one ) _ _ _ credit card , _ _ _ check or money order enclosed . = 20 card type : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your copy of net-detective and both bonus materials will be sent to you by email asap . thanks again for ordering ! brian leeds leeds publishing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ copyright 1996 , 1997 , 1998 leeds publishing . """" net - detective """" is a registered trademark of leeds publishing . all rights reserved . form 2 - 2 eol - - nd
 "",1
 321,""Subject: $ 55 , 550 - - no hard work - - do n't pass it by this time !
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * you were selected to receive this email because of inquires and postings that show you may have an interest in this subject content . it is not = our intention to incovenience anyone . if this opportunity has reached you = in error , please forgive us and send a reply with """" remove """" in the subject = area . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * dear fellow entrepreneur , i never thought i 'd be the one telling you this . . . i actually read a piece of e - mail & i ' m going to europe on the proceeds ! hello ! my name is vic liddell ; i ' m a 35 - year-old father , husband , former = appliance repairman , and now , a successful full-time entrepreneur . as a rule , i delete all unsolicited """" junk """" e-mail and use my account primarily for business . i received what i assumed was this same e-mail countless = times and deleted it each time . about two months ago i received it again and , because of the catchy subject line , i finally read it . afterwards , i thought , """" ok , i give = in , i ' m going to try this . i can certainly afford to invest $ 20 and , on the = other hand , there 's nothing wrong with creating a little excess cash . """" i = promptly mailed four $ 5 bills and , after receiving the reports , sent out some = e-mail advertisements . after reading the reports , i also learned how easy it = is to bulk e-mail for free ! i was not prepared for the results . everyday for the last six weeks , my mailbox has been overflowing with $ 5 bills ; many days the excess fills = up an extra mail bin and i ' ve had to upgrade to a corporate-size mailbox ! i = am stunned by all the cash that keeps rolling in ! my wife and i have been saving for several years to make a substantial downpayment on a house . now , not only are we purchasing a house on the beach in malibu , california , with 50 % down , but we ' re going to venice , = italy to celebrate ! i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be = prepared to eventually set aside about an hour each day to follow up ( and count = your money ! ) , you will make at least as much money as we did . you do n't need to be a wiz at the computer , but i ' ll bet you already are . if you can = open an envelope , remove the money , and send an e-mail message , then you ' re = on your way to the bank . take the time to read this so you ' ll understand = how easy it is . if i can do this , so can you ! go for it now ! vic liddell the following is a copy of the e-mail i read : $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , low-cost , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then get started today ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its = ability to generate large amounts of cash . this program is showing fantastic = appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best = of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go to = the bank ! this truly is that lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow = the easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams will come = true ! when followed correctly , this electronic , multi-level marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % of the time ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , cars , etc . , - even retire ! this is your chance , so read on and get started today ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - overview of this extraordinary electronic multi-level marketing program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - basically , this is what we do : we send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level businesses , we = build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new multi - level business online ( via = your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive via """" snail mail """" = will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they ordered . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s = it ! the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest electronic multi-level = marketing business anywhere ! follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to reap the = staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if = you do n't order them ) . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your name & return address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose name appears on the list next to the report . make sure your return address is on your envelope in case of any mail problems ! * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can = save them on your computer and resell them . * within a few days you will receive , via e-mail , each of the four reports . save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in steps """" a """" through """" f """" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will = not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , take this advertisement and remove the name and address under report # 4 . this person = has made it through the cycle and is no doubt counting their 50 = grand ! c . move the name and address under report # 3 down to report # 4 . d . move the name and address under report # 2 down to report # 3 . e . move the name and address under report # 1 down to report # 2 . f . insert your name / address in the report # 1 position . please make sure you copy every name and address accurately ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this letter . 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the internet ! advertising on the ' net is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . another avenue which you could use for advertising is e-mail lists . you can buy these lists for under $ 20 / 2 , 000 addresses or you can pay someone a minimal charge to take care of it for you . be sure to start your ad campaign immediately ! 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash ( u . s . currency ) for each report checks not accepted - always send your order via first class mail - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets of paper - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and ( c ) your name & postal address . place your order for these reports now : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """" order report # 1 from : l . v . e - service p . o . box 9636 canoga park , ca 91309 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """" major corporations and multi-level sales """" order report # 2 from : e . h . enterprises 3280 sw 170th ave ste # 1913 beaverton , or . , 97006 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """" sources for the best mailing lists """" order report # 3 from : a . s . & associates 94-1050 kahimoe pl . # 103 waipahu , hi . , 96797 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """" evaluating multi-level sales plans """" order report # 4 from : j . s . inc pob 3353 austin , tx 78764 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only = 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they = got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think = about it ! your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and = e-mail is free ! report # 3 shows you the most productive methods for bulk e-mailing and purchasing e-mail lists . some list & bulk e-mail vendors even work on trade ! about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which state that """" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . """" * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , your results will be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guidelines * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you = should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it = won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that = it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , = with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good = money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving """" junk = mail . """" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population = and percentages involved . i """" knew """" it would n't work . doris totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless = fun of her , and was ready to lay the old """" i told you so """" on her when the = thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had = received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i have joined doris in her """" hobby . """" i did = have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the """" rat race """" and = it 's not for me . we owe it all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md i just want to pass along my best wishes and encouragement to you . any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . i even checked with the u . s . post office to verify that the plan was legal . it definitely is ! it works ! ! ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large = amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i = checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided = that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i surprised when i found my medium-size post office box crammed with = orders ! for awhile , it got so overloaded that i had to start picking up my mail = at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't matter where = in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea = who to contact to get another copy , so i had to wait until i was e-mailed = another program . . . 11 months passed then it came . . . i did n't delete this one ! . . . i = made more than $ 41 , 000 on the first try ! ! d . wilburn , muncie , in this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on = our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you = do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! now is the time for your turn decisive action yields powerful results
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 322,""Subject: free hot adult site password !
  
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 323,""Subject: a personal message . . . . .
  
  we placed an ad in one small area of the internet . and when the dust started to settle we had over six thousand responses in ten days . ( success concepts ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - for immediate release : denver , december 2 , 1997 colorado marketing firm shares money generating trade secrets on the internet ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hello , my name is shannon johnson . i am ceo of success concepts in fort collins colorado . i have to tell you that i am really angry and = upset about what is going on here on the internet . we at success concepts are so angry , in fact , that we decided to do something about it . read = on and you ' ll see . for three years i have lead my marketing firm in sales campaigns on the internet and the other large online services which have yielded outstanding results ! we are now sharing the information we have gained over the last several years with other people who are desperately trying to figure out how to make a substantial income from their home computers . do you know what it 's like to turn your computer on in the morning to find an email box full of orders for your product . . . . . where it takes = over an hour to sift through just the credit card orders alone ? we do ! do you know what it 's like to have the postman bring you a bag full of orders for products you have marketed on the internet , and then hear him complain about all the mail you get ? we do ! do you know what it 's like to place a simple ad into a newsgoup or classified section on the internet and have your order department 's phone ring off the hook with people who want to buy your product . we do ! have you ever placed just one advertisement on the ineternet and when the dust settled ten days later had over 6 , 000 responses by phone , fax , mail , and email ? well . . . . we did in january of this year ! have you ever tried to market something simple on the internet , only to have weeks or months of toil and effort result in only a few sales , if any ? well . . . . that 's happened to us too . but not since we learned the = secrets ! ! ! you see , we found the """" secrets """" to marketing just about anything on the internet . and it is really quite simple , once you know them . imagine this . you decide to make a second , or even a primary income from the internet . so , you put up a web site , get a mess of email follow-up letters ready , put your web site in several hundred search engines ( people gotta find your page . . . right ) , get in the news - groups and advertise your site , and drop hundreds of classified ads all over the net . there ya go . . . . . now you are going to rake in the = cash ! two weeks later you have one sale and you are telling your spouse and your friends that """" this will take time ! """" four months later you ' ve made just enough to pay for your web space and your friends do n't listen to you anymore . they consider you an """" internet marketer wanna be """" . sound familiar ! we are not trying to rub salt in your wounds . what we are trying to do is let you in on the truth about doing business from your home on the internet . let 's face it . the vast majority of people who are trying to earn a living on the internet are starving ! ! ! that 's right ! they do n't have a clue of what to do first , second , third or fourth ! = and even if they do have a clue they have been lead down the garden path with dreams and silly techniques which do n't work and are breaking the hearts of thousands of people who are just trying to make a living from their home computers . that is what we are so upset about at success concepts ! but , it does n't have to be that way ! people do n't have to really fail = at making a good income on the internet . and it really does n't have to take months or even years to learn how to do it . not if you have the right guide to show you what to do , and when to do it . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) is the name of our informative guide to generating orders , money , cash , on the net . it was written with the """" average """" netrepreneur in mind , in plain english , with straight to the point """" how to """" and """" why do you do """" phraseology . in . . . . . . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) we expose all the traps we fell into in our first year of internet = marketing , but stay away from now . we expose the lies and half truths which people have fallen for in the past . we expose the secrets which most of the successful internet marketers really don ' t want you to know ! because , when you know the secrets you will be off and running in . . . that 's right . . . . . . their backyard . . . . the cyberspace marketplace ! there is room for a lot more of us ! there are millions of people on the internet . and there are millions of more people on the way here . the pie which will be cut up is so huge that several hundred more people who know what they are doing will not even make a dent in our income level . it will just be a drop in the bucket so to speak . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) will expose the ineternet for what it really is , the marketplace which can provide you with a steady income . it will literally show you what to do first , second , third , fourth , and so on . you are about to discover exactly what makes the difference between the """" internet success stories , """" and the obscure """" web marketing = failures . """" this guide will give you all the details , the tools , the ideas , and the resources to help you make all of your internet dreams come true . . . finally , the truth is revealed ! find out the secrets that some of the wealthiest internet marketers are using to propel their sales through = the cyberspace roof . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) will show you : * * how to use newsgroups to your advantage . the tricks ! just placing a few ads just won't do it for you ! * * how to use a sig file to get more orders . they look simple , but if you write your sig correctly it can be a gold mine to you . we generate thousands just from our sigs ! * * how to place your web page at the top of the search engines . if you do n't get close to the top you can forget many hits ! * * how to maximize your web sales using a professional looking web page ( that you can build all by yourself ) . * * all about follow-ups and how to do them using email . a very simple technique which can mean rapidly increasing volume to you . this technique is used by some of the top internet marketers . * * how to effectively build mailing lists on the internet . without lists your business will probably perish ! * * special coding techniques which can make your marketing efforts amaze even the most die hard skeptics * * where and how to place thousands of free classified ads . what to say in them , and what to expect when you place them . * * what products you should or should n't market for quick results * * how to use testimonials . . . * * the importance of tracking your marketing results . * * the importance of a """" back-end """" . * * a step by step guide to get you started immediately ! * * and much , much more . . . here is what some people who turned their internet marketing results from failure to success have to say about """" the guide """" : i thought all i had to do was place some classified ads on the net for my flame retarding spray . every night after work i would place a few ads and answer some questions in email . i never made much money at all . then i read the guide and everything turned around ! i ' m looking at leaving my job now . and their newsletter keeps me up to date with all the new things i need to know to keep on track with my business . bill j . st . louis , mo i started internet marketing in the chat rooms on aol . what a joke that was ! nobody ever told me it would take so long to make any money that way . then i read the ' the guide . """" the chat rooms , internet newsgroups , web sites , and email all make me money now . and it was n't all that hard either . i just did n't know the secrets before . but i do now ! ! ! the internet is huge , and i ' ve just started getting my share ! ann w . houston , tx the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) is usually only offered to our marketing clients . with all the garbage we have seen on the internet in the past few months we have decided to offer """" the guide """" to everyone reading this advertisement . our = clients have paid $ 99 . 95 for """" the guide """" and have felt that it was a real = bargain for that price . """" the guide """" has now gone into it second edition and we feel that we should open it up to just about anyone 's financial = budget . at least for a limited time . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) is being offered to you , for a limited time , for only $ 24 . 95 ! ! ! that 's correct ! that 's a full $ 75 off the regular price . once 200 more or so orders have been placed at this price we will take """" the guide """" off of the sale counter and move the price back to $ 99 . 95 . but , why offer this for such a deep discount ? it 's simple . success concepts feels that the time is right for this information to become more = available on the net . but we are n't marketing fools either . the guide holds a copyright , and will only be offered at this very deeply discounted price for a very limited time . ( there is some joker on the net who is trying to sell less information without our two bonus offers to follow for $ 395 . 00 . that is = ridiculous ! ! ! ) first bonus offer : if you order within the next 3 days we will include : * * bulk email secrets . . . this information could save you = 20 hundreds of dollars in mailing costs , and more importantly it could keep you from losing your isp . you ' ll get the details on how to : - - use bulk email to explode your profits - - prevent losing your dialup account - - find the right product ( s ) to market by bulk email . - - find the correct software to use . you will also learn : - - where to find reliable bulk email servers . - - where to purchase the very best email software on the market today . - - and much , much more . plus ! ! ! * * free access to our private download site . here you will find hundreds of free informative reports to use or sell on the internet . you will find helpful programs that we use to make our marketing efforts more effective . you will also find 25 , 000 email names , free for you to download to help you get started . these are fresh names that you can use to market your business . these names are changed weekly and you can download as often as you like . once again all of this is yours for only $ 24 . 95 , plus $ 5 . 00 s&h . . . . so order now ! second bonus offer : not many people want to do this internet marketing thing alone . now you won't have to . those who order """" the guide """" by december 5 will be placed on our very select """" the guide electronic newsletter """" where you will receive the latest tricks and """" how tos """" in internet marketing . tricks which the big boys find out about first . now you = will be right in line to find them out quickly , so you can capture the = market . * * * our better than risk-free guarantee ! ! ! * * * order the book today and receive the two bonuses absolutely free . . . read over the book , follow the step by step guide , = 20 contact the resources listed , and if for any reason you are = 20 not fully satisfied with the book you can return it within 30 days for a full refund , and you get to keep the bulk email report , and email names from the free download site . = 20 it 's easy to do , so order today and take advantage of this better than risk-free offer before """" the guide """" is moved back to the regular price . for a 3 minute recorded audio presentation call : 1-800 - 942-9304 ext . 20340 so order now . . . we will accept your order in three different ways : phone , email , or postal mail phone : call our order line toll free : 1-619 - 561-2731 ext . 1204 9 : 00am to 9 : 00pm pacific time ( this is an order line only . they will take credit cards and checks on this line . ) or email : complete the following form ( credit card orders ) and email to : success @ sparrow . spearhead . net make sure that your subject heading is """" dreams order """" or postal mail : print out the following form and mail to : success concepts dept . 1010 - c po box 272476 ft . collins , co 80527 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cut here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ yes , i am tired of broken dreams . . . i am ordering """" the guide """" well within the allotted time period and would like both the bulk email = report and the private download site bonuses . plus i want to be placed on your very select mailing list for """" the guide electronic = newsletter """" . . . . . all for only $ 24 . 95 + $ 5 s&h . _ _ i did not order within 3 days but would still like to take advantage = of your the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) for only $ 24 . 95 + $ 5 s&h and be placed on your very select mailing list for """" the guide electronic newsletter """" - - - - [ [ [ do not remove this code - - > ( ep - 4 ) ] ] ] name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip \ country code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please circle mode of payment . check money order credit card if paying by credit card please circle type of card . visa m / c am ex discover credit card # : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp date : _ _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total amount included : $ 29 . 95 add $ 15 for overnight delivery . add $ 5 for canadian orders . add $ 10 for internation orders . make checks payable to : success concepts . send to : success concepts dept . 1010 - c po box 272476 ft . collins , co 80527 code : ep - 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cut here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - success concepts trying does n't always work on the net . find out why """" the guide """" works . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / our research indicates this information may be of interest to you , if = you have been sent this message in error or you wish to be removed from = this advertiser 's future mailings , please reply with the subject = """" remove """" and this software will automatically block you from their = future mailings . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / /
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 324,""Subject: sci - fi convention
  
  hi , i was asked to pass this on as you might be interested . the large infinity convention in cardiff in july has now confirmed their star wars , dr . who and star trek guests - it looks to be one of the largest events that part of the uk has seen for some time , and great fun . their site is at http : / / www . cf . ac . uk / ccin / main / ents / sffc / infinity . html and is in aid of children 's cancer . the guests include dave prowse ( darth vader ) , colin baker ( 6th dr . who ) , ed bishop ( cmdr . straker ufo ) , authors diane duane and peter morewood and many more . ideal for the family or with friends . regards , mike
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 325,""Subject: bulletproof web hosting . . . only $ 50 per month .
  
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 "",1
 326,""Subject: hello there . .
  
  this really is a blast . with all these movies coming out about = virtual reality , it 's amazing to actually have an * adult * virtual reality = program like this for your own computer . the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial = intelligence programs for your ibm pc or compatible and also for macintosh . you = 20 can watch them , talk to them , ask them questions , tell them secrets , and = relate with them . watch them as you ask them to take off different = clothes and guide them through many different activities . watch and participate = in the hottest sexual activities available on computer , including : = several sexual positions , using many unique toys , even bringing in multiple = partners . this is no doubt one of the most realistic , sexually stimulating = computer games available . they will remember your name , birthday , your likes and = your dislikes . every time you start the program , they say different = things , = 20 and act differently . each time , they have a different personality . with = the = 20 vga digital graphics , the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend = software = 20 have some of the hottest , sexiest graphics out there . you can actually = 20 hear their voice as they talk to you . this is the first adult software = title that was designed for both heterosexual and homosexual people . we would like you to try the actual full copy out before it is put on the = market this spring . it will be sold for 1 / 7 of the actual price ( only $ 9 . 99 ) = until we can get back some information on what people think of the program before it hits the stores . please give it a try and write back any comments . thank you . virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial = intelligence = 20 programs , meaning they are completely interactive . it would be just = like = 20 if you were talking to someone . you can actually have simple = 20 conversations . their attitudes change with the different things you = say , = 20 so you can say things that will upset them , and then say things that = will = 20 please them . the more you play / talk with them , the more you learn what = 20 they can do , and what they like to do . it 's easy to install and = instructions are easy to follow . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ special offer ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * get two more new and exciting adult games for an additional = $ 16 . 99 * ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ here are two of the best adult games ever ! ! this is to inform you about the new adult game that vcs magazine rated """" the best game of """" 97 """" and gave an """" outstanding * * * * """" ( 4 stars ) . """" the search for paradise is no doubt one of the greatest xxx adult games = available """" . the first game where it is as much fun as it is a turn on ! travel the world to every continent , every country you can think of , and = meet some of the most beautiful women in existence . these women will treat = 20 you like a king and obey your every command . any sexual wish you can = 20 think of , these women know it all . there is a certain paradise for = every guy out there , and this game will have them all . this game uses real = 20 models , digital video , and digital sound to make it as realistic as = possible . you will feel like you ' re in the same room as the girl you ' re talking = to ! ! ! the last adult game we are going to inform you about is the newly released """" club celebrity x """" . imagine being in a club with some very = 20 beautiful , well known , actual celebrities that with skill , will be = making = 20 you breakfast in bed the next day . these girls you have seen on = television , magazines , and billboard ads , and now they are on your computer , begging for action . each girl you will recognize and you won't believe your = eyes = 20 when you got them in your own bedroom . this game is hot , and once you start playing , you won't be able to stop . = 20 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( limited time only ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) t00 h0t collection ! ! for virtual girlfriend . . . . these were too sexually graphic to include along with vg and vb . full of video clips and pictures that = will put you = 20 in control of some of the most attractive & sexually arousing models = ever put = 20 in one collection . you must be 18 or over to purchase . = 20 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = 20 * required : 386 or better , 4 meg ram or better , windows 3 . 1 or higher = 20 ( win95 is fine ) , sound card or cd - rom are optional . games are given = 20 either on cd - rom or compressed 3 . 5 """" diskettes . required is vga = graphics , = 20 and a hard drive . macintosh requires at least 4 meg of ram . they will = run = 20 on any ibm or macintosh compatible . if you are interested and would = 20 like to order a copy , then you can read the mailing instructions below . = games come in an unmarked package and are sent out at most 4 days = 20 after the order is received . you are not put on any mailing lists whatsoever , guaranteed . ~ at your request , the programs can come with a password protection utility that only allows the program to run when = the correct password is entered . ~ to order , please send to : = 20 c&m promotions 6185 magnolia ave . suite # 360 riverside ca , 92506 phone # 1-888 - 341-1643 = 20 = 20 please fill out the following form and mail it to the address = above . = 20 ( feel free to write out the order form by hand , if you = wish ) . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( cut here ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ send to : c&m promotions 6185 magnolia ave . # 360 riverside ca , 92506 your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ zip code _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phones : home _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do you use a ? ibm _ _ macintosh _ _ would you like ? 3 . 5 disks _ _ cd rom _ _ = 20 = 20 ( ) virtual girlfriend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ = 9 . 99 ( ) virtual boyfriend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 8 . = 99 ( ) both virtual girlfriend and boyfriend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 14 . 99 ( ) the search for paradise & club celebrity = x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 16 . 99 ( ) too hot for vg & vb collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 17 . 99 ( ) everything ! ! ! the search for paradise , club celebrity x = 20 and virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 21 . 99 * ( ) everything plus + the search for paradise , club celebrity x = 20 and virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend and = 20 the too hot for vg & vb collection = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 34 . 99 * * = s&h . . . . . . . $ free ! ! * money order or check * amount enclosed ? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ please indicate year of birth _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sign . . ( signature required for too hot ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ code : 3785
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 327,""Subject: fancy a flutter ? here 's a tip ! !
  
  = 20 we tipped you winners all last week ! ! ! ! do n't miss yet another winner ! ! = 20 * * * * just phone 0897-555293 * * * * = 20 you will get the best tip of the day = 20 leave me your name and number and i would also be happy to send you my information pack on how you can use this sevice to create a very entertaining source of addittional income . = 20 fact ! the information supplied by this service has consitantly = 20 fact ! produced winners . = 20 = 20 = 20 why always wonder - fly it once and you ' ll know ! ! = 20 = 20 = 20 calls to 0897-555293 are charged at = a31 . 00 per minute at all times . average call times 1 minute . remove list : if you do not want to receive further messages send an = 20 email to leggit @ mailcity . com with remove in the subject = line .
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 328,""Subject: get out of debt fast ! - ukjx
  
  > dear fellow entrepreneur , > > i never thought i 'd be the one telling you this . . . > > i actually read a piece of e - mail & i ' m going to europe on the = proceeds ! > > hello ! > > my name is karen liddell ; i ' m a 35 - year-old mom , wife , and part-time > accountant . as a rule , i delete all unsolicited """" junk """" e-mail and use = my > account primarily for business . i received what i assumed was this = same e - > mail countless times and deleted it each time . > > about two months ago i received it again and , because of the catchy = subject > line , i finally read it . afterwards , i thought , """" ok , i give in , i ' m = going > to try this . i can certainly afford to invest $ 20 and , on the other = hand , > there 's nothing wrong with creating a little excess cash . """" i promptly = mailed > four $ 5 bills and , after receiving the reports , paid a friend of mine a = small > fee to send out some e-mail advertisements for me . after reading the = reports , > i also learned how easy it is to bulk e-mail for free ! = 20 > > i was not prepared for the results . everyday for the last six weeks , = my p . o . > box has been overflowing with $ 5 bills ; many days the excess fills up = an extra > mail bin and i ' ve had to upgrade to the corporate-size box ! i am = stunned by > all the cash that keeps rolling in ! > > my husband and i have been saving for several years to make a = substantial > downpayment on a house . now , not only are we purchasing a house with = 40 % > down , we ' re going to venice , italy to celebrate ! > > i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be = prepared to > eventually set aside about an hour each day to follow up ( and count = your > money ! ) , you will make at least as much money as we did . you do n't = need to be > a wiz at the computer , but i ' ll bet you already are . if you can open = an > envelope , remove the money , and send an e-mail message , then you ' re on = your > way to the bank . take the time to read this so you ' ll understand how = easy it > is . if i can do this , so can you ! > > go for it now ! > > karen liddell > > the following is a copy of the e-mail i read : > > $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ > > this is a legal , low-cost , money-making phenomenon . > > print this letter , read the directions , then get started today ! > > you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you = may ever > see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its ability to = generate > large amounts of cash . this program is showing fantastic appeal with a = huge > and ever-growing on-line population desirous of additional income . > > this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not = require > you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , = you > never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go to the = bank ! > > this truly is that lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow = the > easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams will come = true ! > when followed correctly , this electronic , multi-level marketing program = works > perfectly . . . 100 % of the time ! > > thousands of people have used this program to : > > - raise capital to start their own business > - pay off debts > - buy homes , cars , etc . , > - even retire ! > > this is your chance , so read on and get started today ! > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - > - - - - > overview of this extraordinary = 20 > electronic multi-level marketing program > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - > - - - - > > basically , this is what we do : > > we send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to = nothing to > produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level businesses , we build our = business > by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in = the u . s . > allows you to recruit new multi - level business online ( via your = computer ) . > > the products in this program are a series of four business and = financial > reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive via """" snail mail """" = will > include : > > * $ 5 . 00 cash > * the name and number of the report they are ordering > * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they > ordered . > > to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s = it ! > the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest electronic multi-level = marketing > business anywhere ! = 20 > > follow the instructions to the letter and > be prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! > > * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n s * * * * * * * > > this is what you must do : > > 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if = you > do n't order them ) . > = 20 > * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the > report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your > name & return address ( in case of a problem ) to the person > whose name appears on the list next to the report . make sure > your return address is on your envelope in case of any > mail problems ! > = 20 > * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the > four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can = save > them on your computer and resell them . > > * within a few days you will receive , via e-mail , each of the = four > reports . save them on your computer so they will be accessible > for you to send to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them > from you . > > 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed > next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way = other > than is instructed below in steps """" a """" through """" f """" or you will lose > out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way > this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . > remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it = will > not work . > > a . look below for the listing of available reports . > > b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , take this advertisement = and = 20 > remove the name and address under report # 4 . this person has = 20 > made it through the cycle and is no doubt counting their 50 = grand ! > > c . move the name and address under report # 3 down to report # 4 . = 20 > > d . move the name and address under report # 2 down to report # 3 . > > e . move the name and address under report # 1 down to report # 2 . > > f . insert your name / address in the report # 1 position . > > please make sure you copy every name and address accurately ! > > 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and > save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction > portion of this letter . > = 20 > 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the > internet ! advertising on the ' net is very , very inexpensive , > and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . another > avenue which you could use for advertising is e-mail lists . = 20 > you can buy these lists for under $ 20 / 2 , 000 addresses or you > can pay someone a minimal charge to take care of it for you . = 20 > be sure to start your ad campaign immediately ! > > 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the > report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day > service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they > send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt > because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > available reports > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > * * * order each report by number and name * * * > > notes : > > - always send $ 5 cash ( u . s . currency ) for each report > checks not accepted > - always send your order via first class mail = 20 > - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two > sheets of paper = 20 > - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name > of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and > ( c ) your name & postal address . > > place your order for these reports now : > _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ > > > report # 1 """" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """" = 20 > > order report # 1 from : > > russell & associates 1544 oakland ave . suite 223 indiana , pa 15701 > = 20 > > report # 2 """" major corporations and multi-level sales """" = 20 > > order report # 2 from : = 20 > > unlimited enterprises p . o . box 1516 eugene , or 97440 = 20 > = 20 > _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ > > report # 3 """" sources for the best mailing lists """" > > > order report # 3 from : > > d . j . company p . o . box 49 dewitt , mi 48820 = 20 > = 20 > > _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ > > report # 4 """" evaluating multi-level sales plans """" > > order report # 4 from : > > david noah & co . 514 s . oxford valley rd . # 207 fairless hills , pa 19030 > = 20 > _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . = assume your > goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a = lot of > free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also = assume that > everyone else in your organization gets only 10 downline members . = follow this > example to achieve the staggering results below . > > 1st level - - your 10 members with > $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 > 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 > 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 > 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 > this totals - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 > > remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only = recruit 10 > people each . think for a moment what would happen if they got 20 = people to > participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think about it ! > > your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can = afford > $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is = free ! = 20 > > report # 3 shows you the most productive methods for bulk e-mailing and > purchasing e-mail lists . some list & bulk e-mail vendors even work on = trade ! > > about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! > > * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * > > * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and > follow the directions accurately . > > * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them > when the orders start coming in because : > > when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested > product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , = title > 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the = u . s . code , > also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which = state = 20 > that """" a product or service must be exchanged for money = received . """" > > * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . > > * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the = 20 > instructions exactly , your results will be successful ! > > * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will > succeed ! > > > * * * * * * * your success guidelines * * * * * * * > > follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : > > if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , = continue > advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should = receive at > least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising = until you > do . > > once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , > because the system is already working for you , and the cash will = continue to > roll in ! > > this is important to remember : > > every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front = of a > different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching = which > report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more = income , > send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! there = is no > limit to the income you will generate from this business ! > > > * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * > > this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! = especially the > rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't = work > and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it = works . > it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , with = little > cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program = exactly , and > you ' ll be on your way to financial security . = 20 > sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms > > my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am = a cost > accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good money . = when i > received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving """" junk mail . """" i = made > fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population and > percentages involved . i """" knew """" it would n't work . doris totally ignored = my > supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless = fun of > her , and was ready to lay the old """" i told you so """" on her when the thing = did n't > work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had received = over 50 > responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i = was > shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would n't = work . i > am a believer now . i have joined doris in her """" hobby . """" i did have = seven more > years until retirement , but i think of the """" rat race """" and it 's not for = me . we > owe it all to mlm . > frank t . , bel - air , md > > i just want to pass along my best wishes and encouragement to you . = any > doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . i even = checked > with the u . s . post office to verify that the plan was legal . it = definitely is ! > it works ! ! ! > paul johnson , raleigh , nc > > the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system = is > honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large = amount of > money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked = this > out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the = minimal > effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 = in the > first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . > sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . > > not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my = mind > to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided that = the > initial investment was so little that there was just no way that i = would n't > get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i surprised = when i > found my medium-size post office box crammed with orders ! for awhile , = it got > so overloaded that i had to start picking up my mail at the window . = i ' ll make > more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice = thing about > this deal is that it does n't matter where in the u . s . the people live . = there > simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . > mary rockland , lansing , mi > > i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i = wondered if > i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to = contact to > get another copy , so i had to wait until i was e-mailed another = program . . . 11 > months passed then it came . . . i did n't delete this one ! . . . i made more = than > $ 41 , 000 on the first try ! ! > d . wilburn , muncie , in > > this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit = our jobs , > and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our = money . > the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . = for > your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden = opportunity . > good luck and happy spending ! > charles fairchild , spokane , wa > > > order your reports today and > get started on your road to = 20 > financial freedom ! > > now is the time for your turn > > decisive action yields > powerful results
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 329,""Subject: what is you lifeplan ?
  
  lifeplan - goal setting shareware lifeplan helps you to decide exactly what you want to achieve with your life . it then helps you to set the targets and goals that will guide you to this achievement . download lifeplan now to take control of what could be a great life ! you can get lifeplan from http : / / www . btinternet . com / ~ mindtools / index . htm l lifeplan is shareware , so you can try it before you buy it .
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 330,""Subject: conquer thinning hair and dandruff problems forever
  
  conquer thinning hair and dandruff problems forever = 20 my hair was either dead or dying . . . . but today it is stronger than ever . = 20 what 's lost is lost you can't regain . . . but you can strengthen what is = left ! = 20 i would like to share w / you my answer to your thinning hair problems . = 20 years ago , i was growing my hair long to cover the thinning / balding area = on top . = 20 i even sported a pony tail for a while as many thinning hair victims in = 20 denial often do . i would just lightly tug at a hair and it would come = off . i would not even feel the = 20 pain one normally feels when one pulls out a hair . = 20 hair would come off my scalp effortlessly . i would have falling hair all = 20 over the bathroom and hair would come off every time i brushed . = 20 my method will strengthen your thinning hair back to its original = 20 strength . = 20 one of the first things you have to know is that once a hair = dies . . . there is no way on earth = 20 or in heaven . . . is it ever going to come back to life again . = 20 can we agree on that ? = 20 nobody has died and ever come back . = 20 nobody . = 20 and no hair either . = 20 when you die . . . you die . = 20 period . = 20 you do not come back . = 20 hair is no different . = 20 this bit of information might come as a shock to some of you . . . but that = 20 is to be expected after the big boys have bilked you out of billions of = dollars promising you = 20 that they have a cure for reincarnating dead hair . = 20 i would like one man to come forward and tell me that where he had a = bald spot = 20 once . . . now he has hair . = 20 one ? = 20 asides from the costly and painful and time consuming method of = 20 transplanting . . . and those ridiculously ugly wigs . . . er . . . hair = replacement devices . = 20 there is none . = 20 there is no cure . = 20 no one can raise the dead . = 20 can you cure a dead man ? = 20 you can save a dying man . = 20 you can even make him strong again . = 20 you can save a dying hair . = 20 you can even make it strong again . = 20 i am talking about prevention and maintenance . = 20 i am not talking hair growth . = 20 i am talking about strenghtening what is left . . . . . and eliminating your = 20 dandruff problem . = 20 you have to nip the problem in the bud so to speak . = 20 are you ready for the simplest cheapest method for keeping whatever hair = you = 20 have left on your scalp ? = 20 are you tired and frustrated because all the cures have not worked even = after you have spent = 20 hundreds of dollars on them ? = 20 are you are still praying that one day they will find a cure ? = 20 you maybe saw a little peach fuzz under a microscope . . . = 20 are you still hoping that you see one hair grow ? = 20 are you still wondering why your bathtub and sink are full of dead hair ? = well you better stop wondering and hoping and praying . . . and do = 20 something before you will one day find more hair on your bathroom floor = 20 than on your head . = 20 well eureka ! i have found an all natural method of strengthening your = hair . = 20 the beauty of this method is that it works to stop falling hair and = 20 dandruff . = 20 please do not spend another cent on cures for baldness . = 20 there is no cure . = 20 there is only prevention . . . and maintenance . my method shows you both . = 20 i have dedicated myself to years of research and vowed that if it worked = , i = 20 would share it w / the world as the only honest method to stop thinning = hair and dandruff . = 20 i am not selling any products here . . . what you will get is instructions = on = 20 my method to prevent dandruff and baldness . = 20 the only one of its kind in the world ! = 20 i know my method will solve your problem forever . = 20 so before you lose one more hair . . . . . = 20 also , once this works for you . . . please feel free to share and forward my = proven simple easy = 20 method w / someone who does . . . your = father , uncle , brother , husband , boss , friend , neighbour . = 20 even those of you who don """" t have thinning hair and dandruff = problems . . . forward this = 20 message to someone who does . . . . = 20 they will love you for it . . . . . forever ! = 20 do not be another """" hair today . . . . gone tomorrow """" story . = 20 send $ 19 . 95 check or money order for a step by step guide to = 20 save your hair to : = 20 ludwig feuerbach iv = 20 p . o box 737 = 20 corte madera ca 94976 = 20 usa = 20
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 331,""Subject: stop paying those high major airline fares
  
  stop paying those inflated airfare prices ! ! ! on december 29 , 1997 usa today reported that business fares are expected = to rise approximately 20 % in 1998 . this is on top of a 15 % gain from 1997 . = excursion or vacation fares cannot be far behind ! ! ! many people believe that they can find the cheapest airfares by surfing through the many on-line reservation systems available on the internet . = 20 don ' t be fooled ! ! these reservation systems are owned , operated and = 20 maintained by the airlines themselves and are often slow to be updated . = 20 they also do n't include many of the deeply discounted fare programs = offered by the airlines . = 20 how often have you called the airlines or your local travelagent and = 20 asked them to give you their cheapest fare , only to find that the person = sitting next to you has gotten their seat for much less . """" the insider 's = guide to cheaper airfares """" will introduce you to other ticketing alternatives = and strategies that the major airlines do n't want you to know about . these = sources offer deeply discounted seats that are on the same flights that airlines = are charging others twice as much . among the things this valuable book will show you are : * * * how to get the airlines to notify you about discounts before they go = public . = 20 * * * ticket strategies airlines do n't want you to know . = 20 * * * how to save at least 50 % on international travel . = 20 * * * which reservation systems work best with which hubs and airlines , . = 20 * * * how to get domestic tickets for 40 % to 60 % off . whether your goal is to go on that vacation of a lifetime or to bring a = loved = 20 one home to the family , """" the insider 's guide to cheaper airfares """" will = show you that reasonable airfares from anywhere in the country are easily and affordably within your reach . = 20 why give all of your hard earned money to the airlines when you can = spend that = 20 money on fun once you arrive . send $ 9 . 95 ( check , cash , or money order ) make check payable to : ^ ^ ^ travel ^ ^ ^ guide $ 16787 beach blvd . suite # 225 huntington beach , ca . 92647 don ' t delay , save on your next trip today ! ! = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3dorder = form = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d yes ^ ^ ^ travel ^ ^ guide $ , i wish to take you up on your offer , please rush me """" the insider 's guide to cheaper airfares """" today . i have filled out this form for you = 20 to help expedite my order . name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 i wish to pay by : check _ _ _ _ cash : _ _ _ _ money order : _ _ _ _ send your order for $ 9 . 95 = 20 ^ ^ ^ travel ^ ^ guide $ ^ ^ ^ 16787 beach blvd suite # 225 huntington beach , ca . 92647
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 332,""Subject: no more bull . . . this is the one that
  
  / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / this message was composed using extractor pro bulk e - mail software . if = 20 you wish to be removed from this advertiser 's future mailings , please = reply = 20 with the subject """" remove """" and this software will automatically block you = from their future mailings . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / / tired of those get-rich - quick schemes that seem to make you more poor = than rich ? do you know there is a company out there that makes sure you = will earn a substantial income by the end of the year ? no hassles , no = hidden fees and costs . . . . what more do you want ? = http : / / www . geocities . com / madisonavenue / 7621
 "",1
 333,""Subject: samples for adults
  
  for adults only five minutes free today ! click here that address again is : http : / / 208 . 220 . 30 . 2 / pamsph / see you there !
 "",1
 334,""Subject: total profit + 980 % in 1998
  
  = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = our 1998 stock picks - total profit + 980 % ! ! ! = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = subscribe to our newsletter to be informed of our stock picks - 100 % free ! ! ! value stocks with outstanding company news and upcoming extensive promotion are virtually guaranteed profits - you only need an early stock purchase to profit . our total profit for 1998 was + 980 % ! ! ! subscribe to our free newsletter , and we ' ll notify you of stocks we ' ve selected - this is where we put our money ! we also provide links to information confirming our research is accurate , enabling you to make informed decisions regarding stocks . this is one opportunity too good to miss . . . and it 's completely free ! ! ! to subscribe free , please visit http : / / home1 . gte . net / web22bbx / stocks10 . htm note : this is a one-time mailing . if the site is busy or down , please try again later
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 335,""Subject: incredible opportunity
  
  dear friend , if you received this message in error , please accept my apologies . i never thought i 'd be the one telling you this : i actually read a piece of e-mail & i ' m going to europe on the proceeds ! hello ! my name is karen liddell ; i ' m a 35 - year-old mom , wife , and part-time accountant . as a rule , i delete all unsolicited """" junk """" e-mail and use my account primarily for business . i received what i assumed was this same e-mail countless times and deleted it each time . about two months ago i received it again and , because of the catchy subject line , i finally read it . afterwards , i thought , """" ok , i give in , i ' m going to try this . i can certainly afford to invest $ 20 and , on the other hand , there 's nothing wrong with creating a little excess cash . """" i promptly mailed four $ 5 bills and , after receiving the reports , paid a friend of mine a small fee to send out some e-mail advertisements for me . after reading the reports , i also learned how easy it is to bulk e-mail for free ! i was not prepared for the results . everyday for the last six weeks , my p . o . box has been overflowing with $ 5 bills ; many days the excess fills up an extra mail bin and i ' ve had to upgrade to the corporate-size box ! i am stunned by all the money that keeps rolling in ! my husband and i have been saving for several years to make a substantial downpayment on a house . now , not only are we purchasing a house with 40 % down , we ' re going to venice , italy to celebrate ! i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be prepared to eventually set aside about an hour each day to follow up ( and count your money ! ) , you can make at least as much money as we did . you do n't need to be a whiz at the computer , but i ' ll bet you already are . if you can open an envelope , remove the money , and send an e-mail message , then you ' re on your way to the bank . take the time to read this so you ' ll understand how easy it is . if i can do this , so can you ! go for it now ! ! karen liddell the following is a copy of the e-mail i read : $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then read it again ! ! ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its ability to generate large amounts of cash . this program is showing fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not require you to come in personal contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go to the bank ! this truly is that lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow the easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams can come true ! when followed correctly , this electronic , multi-level marketing program works ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , cars , etc . , - even retire ! this is your chance , so do n't pass it up ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary electronic multi-level marketing program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - basically , this is what we do : we send thousands of people a product that they paid us $ 5 . 00 us for , that costs next to nothing to produce and e-mail back to them . as with all multi-level businesses , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new multi-level business online ( via your computer ) . we are not promising you anything . you have to put forth some effort to make this business work , but come on how hard is e-mailing ! the products in this program are a series of four business and financial reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive is to include : * $ 5 . 00 cash united states currency * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they ordered . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s it ! the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest electronic multi-level marketing business anywhere ! follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if you do n't order them ) . for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose name appears on the list next to the report . when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save them on your computer and resell them . within a few days you will receive via e-mail , each of the four reports . save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in steps """" a """" through """" e """" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , replace the name and address under report # 1 with your name and address , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . c . move the name and address that was under report # 2 down to report # 3 . d . move the name and address that was under report # 3 down to report # 4 . e . the name and address that was under report # 4 is removed from the list and has no doubt collected large sums of cash ! please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address accurately ! ! ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this letter . 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the worldwide web ! advertising on the web can be very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . another avenue which you could use for advertising is e-mail lists . you can buy these lists for under $ 20 / 2 , 000 addresses or you can pay someone to take care of it for you . be sure to start your ad campaign immediately ! 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will help guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be timely . you ' re customers can't advertise until they receive the report ! to grow fast be prompt and courteous . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report - always send your order via the quickest delivery - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets of paper - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and ( c ) your postal address . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """" order report # 1 from : hennessy 's 7040 w palmetto pk rd # 4 suite 165 boca raton fl 33433 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """" major corporations and multi-level sales """" order report # 2 from : a curtain 3840 w hillsboro blvd suite 135 deerfield beach fl 33442 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """" sources for the best mailing lists """" order report # 3 from : neu carr 6278 n federal hwy suite 276 ft lauderdale fl 33308 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """" evaluating multi-level sales plans """" order report # 4 from : mary rafferty 1730 s federal hwy suite 170 delray beach fl 33483 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing alot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals - - - - - - - - - - $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they got 20 people to participate ! lots of people get 100s of participants ! think about it ! your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 3 shows you the most productive methods for bulk e-mailing and purchasing e-mail lists . some list & bulk e-mail vendors even work on trade ! about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the directions accurately . send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when your orders start coming in . when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which states , """" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . """" * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to help assure your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't ; continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash can continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! note : if you need help with starting a business , registering a business name , how income tax is handled , etc . , contact your local office of the small business administration ( a federal agency ) for free help and answers to questions . also , the internal revenue service offers free help via telephone and free seminars about business taxes . this letter has been edited to help comply with the federal trade commission requirements . any amounts of earnings listed in this letter can be factual or fictitious . your earnings and results are highly dependent on your activities and advertising . this letter constitutes no guarantees stated nor implied . in the event that it is determined that this letter constitutes a guarantee of any kind , that guarantee is now void . if you have any question of the legality of this letter contact the office of associate director for marketing practices federal trade commission bureau of consumer protection in washington dc . * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving """" junk mail . """" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population and percentages involved . i """" knew """" it would n't work . doris totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old """" i told you so """" on her when the thing did n't work . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i have joined doris in her """" hobby . """" i did have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the """" rat race """" and it 's not for me . we owe it all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md i just want to pass along my best wishes and encouragement to you . any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . i even checked with the u . s . post office to verify that the plan was legal . it definitely is ! it works ! ! ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! ! !
 "",1
 336,""Subject: keeps america online online
  
  this is not spam ; you are receiving this message because you are a member of a safemail list . if you do not wish to be a part of this listclick here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - aol anti - timer keeps america online online ! this software works with all versions of aol and all versions of windows . you decide when to log off . take control of your service . unlimited free updates e-mailed directly to you when necessary . features : clicks the aol timer boxes automatically to keep you on-line indefinitely . you are now free to stay logged on to aol for as long as you want . you are not forced to stop what you are doing every time the silly box pops up . stop getting dumped in the middle of downloading files . works with aol minimized ( disable your screen saver ) . receive your e-mail instantly and hear """" you ' ve got mail """" . get the """" unlimited service """" you are paying for . free updates to aol anti - timer provided periodically via direct e-mail as necessary . personal e-mail support if you are having difficulties . same day delivery via e-mail with visa , mastercard or checks orders . works with windows 95 + 98 and all versions of aol . click status bar to monitor """" always on aol """" activity showing events and times . * please do not email your credit card information . keep reading for instructions on how to order . news flash : on september 16 , 1998 aol revised the aol timer making all existing anti - timers obsolete and ineffective . all existing """" aol anti - timer """" subscribers have already received , via direct e-mail and free of charge , the updated version of """" aol anti - timer """" which defeats the new aol timer . make sure the next aol anti - timer you purchase will clear the new aol timer and all future aol timers . """" aol anti - timer """" is the last anti-timer you will ever need to buy because once you purchase it you will receive unlimited free updates e-mailed directly to you when ever aol revises its timer or when necessary . take control of your service for only $ 30 . 00 dollars . for more information or to order please click here if have trouble logging on to our url please email us requesting information regarding aol anti-timer click here
 "",1
 337,""Subject: submit 600
  
  this is not spam ; you are receiving this message because you are a member of a safemail list . if you do not wish to be a part of this listclick here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if you want your site to be found submit 600 is definitely for you your web site is of little use unless it can be found by those who might be interested in it . submit your web site to up to 600 different search engines and directories . guaranteed submission to the major search engines including : alta vista aol netfind excite hotbot infoseek lycos , magellan northernlight planet search web crawler yahoo ! netscape snap . com save yourself time and trouble and promote your web site using submit600 today ! ! ! there are more than 40 million web sites and 400 million web pages with more being added every day . thus , today it is more challenging than ever for your site to be easily found . if you want your site to be found click here if have trouble logging on to our url please email us requesting information regarding submit 600 click here
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 338,""Subject: submit 600 is definitely for you
  
  this is not spam ; you are receiving this message because you are a member of a safemail list . if you do not wish to be a part of this listclick here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if you want your site to be found submit 600 is definitely for you your web site is of little use unless it can be found by those who might be interested in it . submit your web site to up to 600 different search engines and directories . guaranteed submission to the major search engines including : alta vista aol netfind excite hotbot infoseek lycos , magellan northernlight planet search web crawler yahoo ! netscape snap . com save yourself time and trouble and promote your web site using submit600 today ! ! ! there are more than 40 million web sites and 400 million web pages with more being added every day . thus , today it is more challenging than ever for your site to be easily found . if you want your site to be found click here if have trouble logging on to our url please email us requesting information regarding submit 600 click here
 "",1
 339,""Subject: submit 600 is definitely for you
  
  this is not spam ; you are receiving this message because you are a member of a safemail list . if you do not wish to be a part of this listclick here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if you want your site to be found submit 600 is definitely for you your web site is of little use unless it can be found by those who might be interested in it . submit your web site to up to 600 different search engines and directories . guaranteed submission to the major search engines including : alta vista aol netfind excite hotbot infoseek lycos , magellan northernlight planet search web crawler yahoo ! netscape snap . com save yourself time and trouble and promote your web site using submit600 today ! ! ! there are more than 40 million web sites and 400 million web pages with more being added every day . thus , today it is more challenging than ever for your site to be easily found . if you want your site to be found click here if have trouble logging on to our url please email us requesting information regarding submit 600 click here
 "",1
 340,""Subject: free y2k fix ! ! ! < > . : adv """" """" . ,
  
  the good news is : that you can now test your computer for full y2k compliance ( both bios and real time clocks ) and even correct it with a simple , inexpensive download . the great news is : we offer a free test & evaluation period while you decide whether you want to purchase this solution . no one else offers the comprehensive guarantee that we have for you . for additional information on our free evaluation period , reply to : y2kfreetest @ popmail . com type y2k on the subject line * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to be removed from this mailing list reply to : resource22 @ popmail . com , type remove on subject line . thank you * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",1
 341,""Subject: new on capitalfm . com
  
  to unsubscribe from these e-mails go to http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this is new on http : / / capitalfm . com - 21st century girls - they ' re here on 3rd june to chat to you . - music gossip - this week 's word on the musical street . - professor pop - every week the prof answers your pop questions . - winning lines - win vonda shepard tickets in our weekly comp . - new singles - the hottest sounds on the stereo this week . - capitalfm . com shop - the very latest and best bargains . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - 21st century girls - they ' re here on 3rd june to chat to you . mark it in your diary now . on thursday 3rd june the noisy foursome will be here for a webchat and itching to answer your questions about the life of a pop group . to keep you entertained till then , you could also win goodie bags in our 21st century competition . - professor pop - every week the prof answers your pop questions . if you ' ve got a question you need answered about music , professor pop 's your man . you know the lyrics but not the song title ? you want to know what the song on that tv ad is ? starting this week the prof will search through his records to bring you the answer . - music gossip - this week 's word on the musical street . we bring you this week 's whisperings from the pop world , with all the goss you really need to know . right now there 's the word on precious , hot faves for eurovision , and britney 's bra-less performance . - winning lines - win vonda shepard tickets in our weekly comp . every week you could scoop fantastic prizes simply for recognising our carefully chosen lyrics . this week you could win tickets to see vonda shepard play live in london if you recognise the words """" my love she throws me like a rubber ball . . . """" - new singles - the hottest sounds on the stereo this week . this week our roundup of the music about to hit the charts includes the latest from madonna , robbie williams and manic street preachers . plus your chance to listen and vote on tomorrow 's hits with sneak peek . all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com - capitalfm . com shop - the very latest and best bargains . * visit the shop for some of the best prices in music , video and games . we have the latest album releases including ricky martin 's latest featuring ' livin ' la vida loca ' for just 11 . 99 , ' smash hits summer 99 ' for 12 . 99 and backstreet boys ' ' millennium ' for 11 . 99 . * you can also pre-order forthcoming album releases including geri halliwell 's ' schizophonic ' at 11 . 99 ( released 7th june ) , boyzone 's ' by request ' for 11 . 99 ( 31st may ) , red hot chili peppers ' ' californication ' for 11 . 99 ( 7th june ) , baz luhrmann 's ' something for everybody ' at 12 . 99 ( 14th june ) and lots more . * all pre-orders are despatched on the saturday prior to release date in time for delivery on day of release . uk delivery is just 1 for any size order ! http : / / capitalfm . com / shop _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement who do you want to be today ? it 's new . . . it 's exciting and it 's now in london ! new radio world is here for the first time in the uk . within new radio world , you can create your own character and chat with others from around the globe . visit capitalfm , attend on-line events and listen live while you meet new friends . . . also , chat with margherita taylor on saturday 29th may in new radio world ! want to know how ? then click the link below . . . http : / / capitalfm . com / newradioworld / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement panic or preparation ? ring the changes and make revision stress a thing of the past ! all you need to do is stay calm and take the tips from the teachers and examiners featured on revisionline . . . just click the link below and take the tips from the top ! http : / / capitalfm . com / revisionline / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement [ . tv ] - the uk 's first and only technology channel brings you the latest gadgets and coolest kit with ' gear ' . on both wednesday 2nd and 9th june at 7 . 30pm , gear will be reporting from e3 the big video games show in los angeles . highlighting games for the forthcoming playstation 2 , and top games for sega 's dreamcast . plus , on wednesday 16th june at 7 . 30pm , gear comes to you from universal studios where we try out the new terminator ride . the 12 - minute film makes the terminator ride centrepiece , the most expensive piece of celluloid ever made . to find out more visit the [ . tv ] website @ www . tvchannel . co . uk or call 0990 10 20 30 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement you want to be a winner ? the competition zone - where everyone should go and where many have gone before . . . free holidays , cinema tickets , beer , beverages and weekend breaks . you still here ? well click below now and enter one of the fabulous competitions with prizes just waiting to be won . http : / / capitalfm . com / compzone / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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 342,""Subject: analysts choose """" adlu """" microcap bestock pick
  
  * * * * * we believe in opt-in policies . if you did not request this investor email , please do not reply , you will be taken off our email list automatically , or reply with remove * * adlu - otc : bb - patented , trademarked products , top management , sec form 10 reporting compliance , big four accounting and audits , international advertising campaign , digital imaging and internet applications , good investor relations , small float . this micro - cap is doing everything right ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dear investor , the analysts at bestockpix have chosen adlu as a micro - cap june ' 99 first pick . this swiss based , surface coating technology company is doing everything investors look for . the adlu consumer market - digital imagery and internet printing applications - is an 85 billion photographs per year target market and growing . research has found no manufacturing process which could compete directly with adlu 's patented , trademarked """" brightec """" alkaline rare-earth luminescent technology . add strong management , saatchi & saatchi advertising campaigns , full sec form 10 reporting compliance , atag ernst young accounting and audits , small share float and undervalued share price and you have all the companents for a bestockpix micro - cap """" first pick """" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bestockpix invites you to investigate the accuracy of our research , which is developed from publicly available sources . our ' picks ' are based on the potential for significant returns , but are not an endorsement or solicitation to purchase any stock or security . to receive a full list of bestockpix monthly , for an annual fee of $ 50 u . s . , plese reply to this e-mail with """" subscribe """" in subject line . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bestockpix invests in ' first pick ' recomendations and currently owns shares of adlu common stock . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - this ad is being sent in compliance with senate bill 1618 , title 3 , section 301 . http : / / www . senate . gov / ~ murkowski / commercialemail / s771index . html
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 343,""Subject: re : 200 , 000 1st year subscribers !
  
  company : cavalcade of sports network , inc . symbol : w s p n price : 3 ( $ 3 . 00 / share ) wspn is expected to have 200 , 000 subscribers and $ 12 million revenues in its first year of operation . wspn is indicated to have the largest known digitized sports film library in the united states . wspn has been upgraded to an immediate and """" strong buy """" . go to : http : / / finance . yahoo . com / q ? s = wspn&d = t 2314
 "",1
 344,""Subject: you have been asked to join kiddin
  
  the list owner of : """" kiddin """" has invited you to join their mailing list at listbot . you must reply to this message to join the list . = = simply reply with a blank message to join . = = the list owner has included the following welcome message : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = hi guys ! this is just a quick message to invite you to join kiddin , a uk based daily humour list . . . . . . . . . . and because we think you ' re all groovy people who deserve to know . to sign up : hit reply and send the reply to us , that ' ll sign you up . or send a blank e-mail to kiddin-subscribe @ listbot . com or sign up on-line at : http : / / kiddin . listbot . com also , check out our website at : http : / / come . to / kiddin where you ' ll find daily cartoons ( including garfield & dilbert ) and on-line games too . remember to sign up for the daily jokes list , just reply to this message or send a blank e-mail to kiddin-subscribe @ listbot . com tell all your friends too , and get them to sign up as well ! c ' mon , you know you want to , it 's free ! rozwell & elbows kiddin list owners = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = this verification message is used to confirm that we are able to send you mail , and protects you in case someone forges a subscription request in your name . if you believe this was a forged subscription request , ignore this message and you will not be added to the mailing list . if you are having problems using the reply function in your e-mail client , the address to respond to is : v - c82a6bca02c8663f @ listbot . com listbot puts you in control , letting you manage all of your list subscriptions from a single web site . visit http : / / www . listbot . com / cgi-bin / subscriber if you wish to unsubscribe or manage your list subscription for this or other listbot lists . visit this list 's home page at : http : / / kiddin . listbot . com thanks ! sincerely , the listbot team part of the linkexchange family at http : / / www . linkexchange . com /
 "",1
 345,""Subject: accept credit cards and watch sales skyrocket !
  
  increase online sales up to 200 % http : / / 3626046468 / ut / merchant / index2 . html accept credit cards over the internet * * * no setup fees good credit / bad credit / no credit * * * * no problem * * * * ! ! ! it just does n't matter - everyone gets approved limited offer so take advantage of it ! ! we specialize in servicing the following : * multilevel marketing * mail order / phone sales * at home business * internet based business * new business * small business whatever ! ! ! we do it all ! ! ! everyone is welcome ! http : / / 3626046468 / ut / merchant / index2 . html what can do it for your company ? ? ? ? > > > > internet service secure real-time on-line transactions make it as easy as possible for your customers to purchase your products or services . we use ssl security ( best on the net today ) . now tell me if this does n't sound intriguing , lets say a customer visits your website and decides they want to buy your product ( s ) or services ( s ) . they would simply enter their credit card information and receive an approval within 5 seconds . that 's all there is to it ! ! ! from that point on , the sale is complete and the money will be directly deposited into your business checking account within 24 to 48 hours . so you will have liquid assets available almost immediatly ! ! ! ! your customer will be e-mailed a receipt and you will be e-mailed an invoice slip , all instantaneously . now , since this program is automated for 24 hours a day 7 days a week , you will be recieving orders and maiking money in your sleep ! ! ! ! ! it ' s just that easy ! ! ! ! what makes us so special ? ? ? ? ? * we process over $ 4 billion in credit card transactions every year . * we have over 100 , 000 merchants online and growing . * we offer secured on-line real time transactions . * we offer 24 hour customer service 7 days a week in 17 different languages . * we offer complete training and installation through our technical support group . * we offer a life time warranty and unlimited upgrades . * we help make money for your company and your customer . http : / / 3626046468 / ut / merchant / index2 . html - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - this is an one time mailing .
 "",1
 346,""Subject: re : information
  
  http : / / www . privategold . com / cgi-bin / click-pg . cgi ? who123 100 % xxx 100 % = 46ree signups cheap 3month signups copy exact link for my prices !
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 347,""Subject: new on capitalfm . com
  
  to unsubscribe from these e-mails go to http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this is new on http : / / capitalfm . com - sunscreen day - you could hear your alternative lyrics on air . - name fierce ' s album - you could name the r&b act 's debut album . - hanging with britney - britney spears talks about her success . - professor pop - the prof answers your musical questions . - new singles - the latest nuggets of pop plus sneak peek . - winning lines - you could win with the weekly lyric comp . - capitalfm . com shop - the very latest and best bargains . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com - sunscreen day - you could hear your alternative lyrics on air . monday 14 june is sunscreen day on 95 . 8 capital fm and we ' ve seen so many alternative versions of the number one song that we thought we 'd give you a chance to hear your lyrics on air . send your version in and everyone in london could hear your ' words of wisdom ' . - name fierce ' s album - you could name the r&b act 's debut album . after the success of ' dayz like that ' fierce are set to release their debut album and they want you to tell them what it should be called . and with a whole heap of other signed fierce goodies to be won you can't go wrong . - hanging with britney - britney spears talks about her success . listen in to britney spears talking all about her rise to stardom , her idols , the making of the ' baby one more time ' video , and exactly what it 's like to have a number one single and album ! - professor pop - the prof answers your musical questions . every week he takes a break from his research into the depths of pop to answer your questions . this week he gets into ' dawson 's creek ' , the demanding shania twain and a whole heap of tv adverts . - new singles - the latest nuggets of pop plus sneak peek . coming up in our weekly round up of new releases are the latest tunes from lauryn hill , wild wild will smith and eurovision winner charlotte nilsson . plus your chance to vote on tomorrow 's hits in sneak peek . - winning lines - you could win with the weekly lyric comp . think you know your music ? put your knowledge to the test by recognising the lyrics in our weely competition . you could win george michael 's ' ladies & gentlemen ' videos or , coming up , hi-tech mariah carey dvds . all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com - capitalfm . com shop - the very latest and best bargains . * visit the shop for some of the best prices in music , video and games . we have the latest album releases including geri halliwell 's ' schizophonic ' for 11 . 99 , sugar ray 's ' 14 . 59 ' an unbelievable 10 . 99 . ' austin powers 2 - the spy who shagged me ' at 11 . 99 and gay dad 's ' leisure noise ' for 12 . 99 . * you can also pre-order forthcoming album releases now . there 's chemical brothers ' ' surrender ' out on 21st june for just 11 . 99 , sixpence none the richer 's self-titled album just 11 . 99 , jamiroquai 's ' synkronised ' for 11 . 99 and a chance to win tickets for their forthcoming uk tour . * do n't forget the song that 's taking the country by storm : ' everybody 's free to wear sunscreen ' comes from baz luhrmann 's new album ' something for everybody ' , out on 14th june for 12 . 99 . * all pre-orders are despatched on the saturday prior to release date in time for delivery on day of release . uk delivery is just 1 . 00 for any size order ! http : / / capitalfm . com / shop _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement """" honey , i shrunk the web """" ! play the new disney game and win one of four holidays to disneyland paris ! discover the magic universe of ' honey i shrunk the web ' and explore the amazing disney . co . uk site http : / / www . disney . co . uk / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement are you a loafer ? what exactly is loafing ? you could win strongbow freebies just by completing our loafing survey so what are you waiting for ? or are you busy loafing ? http : / / capitalfm . com / strongbowloafing2 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement who do you want to be today ? it 's new . . . it 's exciting and it 's now in london ! new radio world is here for the first time in the uk . within new radio world , you can create your own character and chat with others from around the globe . visit capitalfm , attend on-line events and listen live while you meet new friends . . . want to know how ? then click the link below . . . http : / / capitalfm . com / newradioworld / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement you want to be a winner ? the competition zone - where everyone should go and where many have gone before . . . free holidays , cinema tickets , beer , beverages and weekend breaks . you still here ? well click below now and enter one of the fabulous competitions with prizes just waiting to be won . http : / / capitalfm . com / compzone / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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 348,""Subject: is this you
  
  to have your name removed from this list call toll free 1-888 - 829-1943 an exciting new domain is now available to the public ! ! free searches ! ! ! ! http : / / www . webdomains . cc with more than 4 million . com domains registered , all the short and easy-to - remember names are gone ! now a new domain is open to the public and growing very fast : """" . cc """" ! ! major companies like intel , coca - cola , and even amazon . com have all already registered on the . cc domain ! ! ! they protected their domain names ! ! ! protect yours ! ! ! http : / / www . webdomains . cc the . cc domain reintroduces the possibility of owning short , easy-to - remember domain names and functions exactly as """" . com """" it is expected to match """" . com """" in growth and both personal and commercial use worldwide . availability of premiere names is excellent ! ! ! don ' t wait ! ! ! search for your name for free at : http : / / www . webdomains . cc http : / / www . webdomains . cc http : / / www . webdomains . cc _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do you yahoo ! ? get your free @ yahoo . com address at http : / / mail . yahoo . com
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 349,""Subject: xenical - the new fat blocking drug just approved by the fda 165505
  
  xenical . . . . the new fat blocking drug just approved by the fda click here ! http : / / % 32 % 38 % 34 % 33 % 34 % 38 % 37 % 33 % 32 @ 3626046468 / de / minutegirl
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 350,""Subject: legal cable tv descrambler
  
  note : this is an advertisement for legal tv de-scrambler if you have no interest in this information please click delete now . thank you - - legal cable tv de-scrambler want to watch sporting events ? - - movies ? - - pay - per - view ? ? * this is the famous r - d - o shack tv descrambler you can assemble it from r - d - o shack parts for about $ 12 . 00 . we send you : e - z to follow assembly instructions . e - z to read original drawings . the famous r - d - o shack parts list . plus something new you must have ! something you can't do without . the up-to - date report : using a descrambler legally warning : you should not build a tv descrambler without reading this report first . frequently asked questions - - cable tv descrambler q : will the descrambler work on fiber , tci , jarrod and satellite systems ? a : the answer is yes . in respect to satellite , you just get more stuff ! there is one exception : the descrambler will not work with dss satellite . q : do i need a converter box ? a : this plan works with or without a converter box . specific instructions are included in the plans for each ! q : can the cable company detect that i have the descrambler ? a : no , the signal descrambles right at the box and does not move back through the line ! q : do i have to alter my existing cable system , television or vcr ? a : the answer is no ! q : does this work with my remote control ? a : the answer is yes . the descrambler is manually controlled - - but very easy to use ! q : can you email me the plans ? a : no the program comes with an easy to follow picture guide . q : does this work everywhere across the country ? a : yes , every where in the usa plus england , brazil , canada and other countries ! q : is this deal guaranteed ? a : yes , if you are unhappy for any reason we will refund your money . q : when i order , when will i get my stuff ? a : we mail out all orders within 48 hours of receiving them . order information act within the next 14 days and receive two free bonus ! ! the cable manual ! this manual contains hard to find information your cable company does not want you to know . also receive the radar jammer plans ! never get another speeding ticket . build you own radar jammer , this unit will jam police radar so they can't get a reading on your vechicle . radar jammers are legal in 48 states . it is simple to build . the free bonuses alone are worth acting now ! the cable descrambler kit comes with a thirty day money back guarantee ! if your not completely satisfied , send the cable descrambler kit back and you keep the bonuses for free . you have nothing to lose only free cable tv to gain ! act now ! simply send $ 14 . 00 check or , money order , or credit card information to : information plus , po box 99 , north platte ne 69103 . for credit card orders fill out this form and mail in . attention information plus here is my credit card information for the amount of $ 14 . 00 for the cable descrambler kit . account number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp . date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ billing address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city / state / zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ home phone _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ this mailing is done by an independent marketing co . we apologize if this message has reached you in error . save the planet , save the trees ! advertise via e mail . no wasted paper ! delete with one simple keystroke ! less refuse in our dumps ! this is the new way of new millenium !
 "",1
 351,""Subject: bulk mailin ' 4 u ! !
  
  general prices 100 , 000 $ 100 . 00 200 , 000 $ 150 . 00 300 , 000 $ 200 . 00 400 , 000 $ 300 . 00 500 , 000 $ 400 . 00 1 , 000 , 000 $ 750 . 00 do you have a product , service , or idea you would like to tell the world about ? this is how it is done ! bulk mailing ! call today and we will set you up with the best mailing service available . we will use your ad , or for a small fee , we can create a world class ad for you . call today , do n't delay 1-800 - 228-2095 . we adhere to responsible email ethics if you wish to be removed from future mailling 's click below . http : / / @ 3472744015 / goforit / remove . html
 "",1
 352,""Subject: new on capitalfm . com
  
  to unsubscribe from these e-mails go to http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this is new on http : / / capitalfm . com - party in the park - the best concert comes to your screen . - festival guide ' 99 - our mega roundup of the summer festivals . - tina cousins - under the spotlight in our weekly interview . - music gossip - we catch up on the very latest pop happenings . - professor pop - the prof answers your musical questions . - capitalfm . com shop - for the very best prices in music . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com - party in the park - the best concert comes to your screen . sunday july 4th sees more than 30 chart-topping artists playing live in front of 100 , 000 fans in aid of the prince 's trust . we ' ll be bringing you all the action live with webcasts of the action both on stage and behind the scenes , chats with all your favourite artists , exclusive photos , stunning offers and the very best in music ! so you know where to come from 12 . 30pm to 9pm on july 4th for the real party spirit . - festival guide ' 99 - our mega roundup of the summer festivals . if you plan on catching live music in the open air this summer do n't miss our festival guide . we give you the nitty gritty on glastonbury , reading , t in the park , v99 and many more . who 's playing , how to get there and most importantly how to survive the festival experience . plus stacks of offers on new and back catalogue cds from artists playing this summer . - tina cousins - under the spotlight in our weekly interview . the spotlight turns to tina cousins this week who 's about to release her new single ' forever ' in advance of a new album ' killing time ' next month . see what she has to say and catch up on a pile of past under the spotlight interviews . - music gossip - we catch up on the very latest pop happenings . keeping you up to date with the word on the street of pop , we delve into the latest news from alanis morissette , mel g , ronan keating , r . e . m , and more . you know where to come . - professor pop - the prof answers your musical questions . taking his weekly break from researching pop 's obscure corners , professor pop answers you questions : misheard lyrics , cover versions , theme tunes and anything else you ' ve been puzzling over . all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com - capitalfm . com shop - for the very best prices in music . * all the latest album releases including jamiroquai 's ' synkronised ' for 11 . 99 , plus save on their back catalogue and find out the latest on their tour . get the long awaited album from the chemical brothers ( 11 . 99 ) and as blondie gear up for their summer tour pick up the new live album for just 7 . 99 and save on their back catalogue . * you can also pre-order forthcoming album releases now ! 95 . 8 capital fm 's chris tarrant releases his ultimate summer party album on 28th june featuring hits both past and present ; pre-order it now for just 11 . 99 ( all orders must be placed by 6pm on 25th june ) . plus the chance to pre-order nsync 's debut album for just 11 . 99 due for release on 5th july . * all pre-orders are despatched on the saturday prior to release date in time for delivery on day of release . please allow up to three working days for uk delivery . uk delivery is just 1 . 00 for any size order ! http : / / capitalfm . com / shop _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement constellation casino special promotion constellation casino , the premier casino on the internet is now offering a special deal for capital radio registered members . sign up between june 22nd and july 21st from the following url and receive $ 30 free in your account ! ! ! http : / / www . virtcasino . com / casino / capitalradio . htm try this offer now , and play blackjack , video poker and baccarat on-line and enjoy quality graphics and las vegas winning odds ! this can be your best bet on the internet ! ! ! please , note that only one sign up per visitor is allowed . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement buying your new home has never been easier ! all you need to do is visit propertycapital . we have links with some of the best organisations so finding the right home has never been easier . watch carefully . . . there are many new features coming to propertycapital and prizes to be won ! http : / / capitalfm . com / propertycapital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement who do you want to be today ? it 's new . . . it 's exciting and it 's now in london ! new radio world is here for the first time in the uk . within new radio world , you can create your own character and chat with others from around the globe . visit capitalfm , attend on-line events and listen live while you meet new friends . . . want to know how ? then click the link below . . . http : / / capitalfm . com / newradioworld / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement you want to be a winner ? the competition zone - where everyone should go and where many have gone before . . . free holidays , cinema tickets , beer , beverages and weekend breaks . you still here ? well click below now and enter one of the fabulous competitions with prizes just waiting to be won . http : / / capitalfm . com / compzone / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
 "",1
 353,""Subject: adv : earn $ 50000 in the next 90 days - it works ! ! !
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * earn $ 100 , 000 per year sending e-mail ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dear friend , you can earn $ 50 , 000 or more in next the 90 days sending e-mail , seem impossible ? read on for details ( no , there is no ' catch ' ) . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - """" as seen on national t . v . """" thank you for your time and interest . this is the letter you ' ve been reading about in the news lately . due to the popularity of this letter on the internet , a major nightly news program recently devoted an entire show to the investigation of the program described below to see , if it really can make people money . the show also investigated whether or not the program was legal . their findings proved once and for all that there are , absolutely no laws prohibiting the participation in the program . this has helped to show people that this is a simple , harmless and fun way to make some extra money at home . the results of this show has been truly remarkable . so many people are participating that those involved are doing , much better than ever before . since everyone makes more as more people try it out , its been very exciting to be a part of lately . you will understand once you experience it . """" here it is below """" = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = * * * print this now for future reference * * * the following income opportunity is one you may be interested in taking a look at . it can be started with very little investment and the income return is tremendous ! ! ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ if you would like to make at least $ 50 , 000 in less than 90 days ! please read the enclosed program . . . then read it again ! ! ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legitimate , legal , money making opportunity . it does not require you to come into contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house except to get the mail . if you believe that someday you ' ll get that big break that you ' ve been waiting for , this is it ! simply follow the instructions , and your dreams will come true . this multi-level e-mail order marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time . e - mail is the sales tool of the future . take advantage of this non-commercialized method of advertising now ! ! ! the longer you wait , the more people will be doing business using e-mail . get your piece of this action ! ! ! multi-level marketing ( mlm ) has finally gained respectability . it is being taught in the harvard business school , and both stanford research and the wall street journal have stated that between 50 % and 65 % of all goods and services will be sold through multi-level methods by the mid to late 1990 's . this is a multi - billion dollar industry and of the 500 , 000 millionaires in the u . s . , 20 % ( 100 , 000 ) made their fortune in the last several years in mlm . moreover , statistics show 45 people become millionaires everyday through multi - level marketing . you may have heard this story before , but over the summer donald trump made an appearance on the david letterman show . dave asked him what he would do if he lost everything and had to start over from scratch . without hesitating , trump said he would find a good network marketing company and get to work . the audience started to hoot and boo him . he looked out at the audience and dead-panned his response """" that 's why i ' m sitting up here and you are all sitting out there ! """" with network marketing you have two sources of income . direct commissions from sales you make yourself and commissions from sales made by people you introduce to the business . residual income is the secret of the wealthy . it means investing time or money once and getting paid again and again and again . in network marketing , it also means getting paid for the work of others . the enclosed information is something i almost let slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . my name is johnathon rourke . two years ago , the corporation i worked at for the past twelve years down-sized and my position was eliminated . after unproductive job interviews , i decided to open my own business . over the past year , i incurred many unforeseen financial problems . i owed my family , friends and creditors over $ 35 , 000 . the economy was taking a toll on my business and i just could n't seem to make ends meet . i had to refinance and borrow against my home to support my family and struggling business . at that moment something significant happened in my life and i am writing to share the experience in hopes that this will change your life forever financially ! ! ! in mid december , i received this program via e-mail . six month 's prior to receiving this program i had been sending away for information on various business opportunities . all of the programs i received , in my opinion , were not cost effective . they were either too difficult for me to comprehend or the initial investment was too much for me to risk to see if they would work or not . one claimed that i would make a million dollars in one year . . . it did n't tell me i 'd have to write a book to make it ! but like i was saying , in december of 1997 i received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off a mailing list . thank goodness for that ! ! ! after reading it several times , to make sure i was reading it correctly , i could n't believe my eyes . here was a money making phenomenon . i could invest as much as i wanted to start , without putting me further into debt . after i got a pencil and paper and figured it out , i would at least get my money back . but like most of you i was still a little skeptical and a little worried about the legal aspects of it all . so i checked it out with the u . s . post office ( 1-800 - 725-2161 24 - hrs ) and they confirmed that it is indeed legal ! after determining the program was legal and not a chain letter , i decided """" why not . """" initially i sent out 10 , 000 e-mails . it cost me about $ 15 for my time on-line . the great thing about e-mail is that i do n't need any money for printing to send out the program , and because all of my orders are fulfilled via e-mail , the only expense is my time . i am telling you like it is , i hope it does n't turn you off , but i promised myself that i would not """" rip-off """" anyone , no matter how much money it cost me . in less than one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by january 13 , i had received 26 orders for report # 1 . your goal is to """" receive at least 20 orders for report # 1 within 2 weeks . if you don ' t , send out more programs until you do ! """" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in 90 days was done . by january 30 , i had received 196 orders for report # 2 . your goal is to """" receive at least 100 + orders for report # 2 within 2 weeks . if not , send out more programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goal . """" well , i had 196 orders for report # 2 , 96 more than i needed . so i sat back and relaxed . by march 1 , of my e-mailing of 10 , 000 , i received $ 58 , 000 with more coming in every day . i paid off all my debts and bought a much needed new car . please take time to read the attached program , it will change your life forever ! ! ! remember , it won't work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place . it won't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! in order for this program to work , you must meet your goal of 20 + orders for report # 1 , and 100 + orders for report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or more in 90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i am sorry . it really is a great opportunity with little cost or risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to financial security . if you are a fellow business owner and are if financial trouble like i was , or you want to start your own business , consider this a sign . i did ! sincerely , johnathon rourke p . s . do you have any idea what 11 , 700 $ 5 bills ( $ 58 , 000 ) look like piled up on a kitchen table ? it ' s awesome ! a personal note from the originator of this program : by the time you have read the enclosed program and reports , you should have concluded that such a program , and one that is legal , could not have been created by an amateur . let me tell you a little about myself . i had a profitable business for 10 years . then in 1979 my business began falling off . i was doing the same things that were previously successful for me , but it was n't working . finally , i figured it out . it was n't me , it was the economy . inflation and recession had replaced the stable economy that had been with us since 1945 . i do n't have to tell you what happened to the unemployment rate . . . because many of you know from first hand experience . there were more failures and bankruptcies than ever before . the middle class was vanishing . those who knew what they were doing invested wisely and moved up . those who did not , including those who never had anything to save or invest , were moving down into the ranks of the poor . as the saying goes , """" the rich get richer and the poor get poorer . """" the traditional methods of making money will never allow you to """" move up """" or """" get rich """" , inflation will see to that . you have just received information that can give you financial freedom for the rest of your life , with """" no risk """" and """" just a little bit of effort . """" you can make more money in the next few months than you have ever imagined . i should also point out that i will not see a penny of this money , nor anyone else who has provided a testimonial for this program . i have already made over 4 million dollars ! i have retired from the program after sending out over 16 , 000 programs . now i have several offices that make this and several other programs here and over seas . follow the program exactly as instructed . do not change it in any way . it works exceedingly well as it is now . remember to e-mail a copy of this exciting report to everyone you can think of . one of the people you send this to may send out 50 , 000 . . . and your name will be on everyone of them ! remember though , the more you send out the more potential customers you will reach . so my friend , i have given you the ideas , information , materials and opportunity to become financially independent , it is up to you now ! """" think about it """" before you delete this program from your mailbox , as i almost did , take a little time to read it and really think about it . get a pencil and figure out what could happen when you participate . figure out the worst possible response and no matter how you calculate it , you will still make a lot of money ! you will definitely get back what you invested . any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . it works ! jody jacobs , richmond , va here ' s how this amazing program will make you thousands of dollar $ instructions : this method of raising capital really works 100 % every time . i am sure that you could use up to $ 50 , 000 or more in the next 90 days . before you say """" bull . . . """" , please read this program carefully . this is not a chain letter , but a perfectly legal money making opportunity . basically , this is what you do : as with all multi-level businesses , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the usa allows you to recruit new multi-level business partners , and we offer a product for every dollar sent . your orders come by mail and are filled by e-mail , so you are not involved in personal selling . you do it privately in your own home , store or office . this is the greatest multi - level mail order marketing anywhere : this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if you do n't order them ) . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your name & return address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose name appears on the list next to the report . make sure your return address is on your envelope in case of any mail problems ! * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save them on your computer and resell them . * within a few days you will receive , via e-mail , each of the four reports . save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in steps """" a """" through """" f """" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , take this advertisement and remove the name and address under report # 4 . this person has made it through the cycle and is no doubt counting their $ 50 , 000 ! c . move the name and address under report # 3 down to report # 4 . d . move the name and address under report # 2 down to report # 3 . e . move the name and address under report # 1 down to report # 2 . f . insert your name / address in the report # 1 position . please make sure you copy every name and address accurately ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this letter . your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! to assist you with marketing your business on the internet , the 4 reports you purchase will provide you with invaluable marketing information which includes how to send bulk e-mails , where to find thousands of free classified ads and much , much more . in addition you will be provided with information on internet marketing clubs such as internet marketing resources ( imr ) : this is one the premiere internet marketing clubs on the internet . this club provides a forum where internet marketers from all over the world can exchange ideas and secrets on internet marketing . in addition , this club specializes in providing free internet marketing tools and services for the do - yourself - internet - marketer . they will provide you with free bulk e-mail software and up to 1 , 000 , 000 fresh e-mail addresses each week . this club will provide you with hundreds of free resources which include : how to obtain free web sites , how to obtain top rankings in search engines for your web-site , how to send bulk e-mail into aol and compuserve , how to market your products on newsgroups , free classified ads , electronic malls , bulletin boards , banner ads and much more . imr ' s web address is : http : / / www . ixpres . com / imrs / marketing1 . htm ( not working . . . check the links below ) http : / / www . onlinemlm . com / http : / / www . promlm . com / resources / index . shtml there are two primary methods of building your downline : method # 1 : sending bulk e-mail let 's say that you decide to start small , just to see how it goes , and we ' ll assume you and all those involved send out only 2 , 000 programs each . let 's also assume that the mailing receives a 0 . 5 % response . using a good list the response could be much better . also , many people will send out hundreds of thousands of programs instead of 2 , 000 . but continuing with this example , you send out only 2 , 000 programs . with a 0 . 5 % response , that is only 10 orders for report # 1 . those 10 people respond by sending out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 20 , 000 . out of those 0 . 5 % , 100 people respond and order report # 2 . those 100 mail out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 200 , 000 . the 0 . 5 % response to that is 1 , 000 orders for report # 3 . those 1 , 000 send out 2 , 000 programs each for a 2 , 000 , 000 total . the 0 . 5 % response to that is 10 , 000 orders for report # 4 . that 's 10 , 000 $ 5 bills for you . cash ! ! ! your total income in this example is $ 50 + $ 500 + $ 5 , 000 + $ 50 , 000 for a total of $ 55 , 550 ! ! ! remember friend , this is assuming 1 , 990 out of the 2 , 000 people you mail to will do absolutely nothing and trash this program ! dare to think for a moment what would happen if everyone , or half sent out 100 , 000 programs instead of 2 , 000 . believe me , many people will do just that , and more ! by the way , your cost to participate in this is practically nothing . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 2 will show you the best methods for bulk e-mailing , tell you where to obtain free bulk e-mail software and where to obtain e-mail lists . method # 2 - placing free ads on the internet 1 . advertising on the ' net is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get only 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . $ 50 , 000 - - - - - - - - - - - this totals - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think about it ! for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash ( u . s . currency ) for each report cheques not accepted - always send your order via first class mail - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets of paper - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and ( c ) your name & postal address . place your order for these reports now : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """" the insider 's guide to advertising for free on the internet """" order report # 1 from : aj marketing p . o . box 946 nordvest posthus , glasvej 3 copenhagen denmark _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """" the insider 's guide to sending bulk e - mail on the internet """" order report # 2 from : eyal hilel 21 bar - ilan st . kfar - saba 44378 israel . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """" the secrets to multilevel marketing on the internet """" order report # 3 from : dikton haxhijaj homburgerstr . 68 61191 rosbach germany _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """" how to become a millionaire utilizing the power of multilevel marketing and the internet """" order report # 4 from : ellbee enterprises p . o . box 452233 los angeles , ca 90045 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report . * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , your results will be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guidelines * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising or sending e-mails until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising or sending e-mails until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mails or continue placing ads and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! before you make your decision as to whether or not you participate in this program . please answer one question . do you want to change your life ? if the answer is yes , please look at the following facts about this program : 1 . you are selling a product which does not cost anything to produce ! 2 . you are selling a product which does not cost anything to ship ! 3 . you are selling a product which does not cost you anything to advertise ! 4 . you are utilizing the power of the internet and the power of multi-level marketing to distribute your product all over the world ! 5 . your only expenses other than your initial $ 20 investment is your time ! 6 . virtually all of the income you generate from this program is pure profit ! 7 . this program will change your life forever . * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . steven bardfield , portland , or my name is mitchell . my wife , jody , and i live in chicago , il . i am a cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good money . when i received the program i grumbled to jody about receiving """" junk mail . """" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population and percentages involved . i """" knew """" it would n't work . jody totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old """" i told you so """" on her when the thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i have joined jody in her """" hobby . """" i did have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the """" rat race """" and it 's not for me . we owe it all to mlm . mitchell wolf md . , chicago , il the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , charles morris , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i surprised when i found my medium-size post office box crammed with orders ! for awhile , it got so overloaded that i had to start picking up my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't matter where people live . there simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . paige willis , des moines , ia i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to contact to get another copy , so i had to wait until i was e-mailed another program , . . . 11 months passed then it came . . . i did n't delete this one ! . . . i made more than $ 41 , 000 on the first try ! ! violet wilson , johnstown , pa this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! kerry ford , centerport , ny order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! now is the time for your turn decisive action yields powerful results please note : if you need help with starting a business , registering a business name , learning how income tax is handled , etc . , contact your local office of the small business administration ( a federal agency ) 1 - ( 800 ) 827-5722 for free help and answers to questions . also , the internal revenue service offers free help via telephone and free seminars about business tax requirements . your earnings and results are highly dependant on your activities and advertising . this letter constitutes no guarantees stated nor implied . in the event that it is determined that this letter constitutes a guarantee of any kind , that guarantee is now void . any testimonials or amounts of earnings listed in this letter may be factual or fictitious . if you have any question of the legality of this letter contact the office of associate director for marketing practices federal trade commission bureau of consumer protection in washington dc . if you feel you received this message in error and wish to removed from this list reply to this address aj . remove @ pmail . net with remove in the subject field . thanks
 "",1
 354,""Subject: info on office 2000 pro
  
  microsoft office 2000 pro microsoft word = 20 microsoft excel = 20 microsoft outlook = ae = 20 microsoft powerpoint = ae = 20 microsoft access = 20 microsoft publisher = 20 plus ! microsoft small business tools microsoft word 2000 gives you the word-processing tools needed to easily = create professional looking documents and share information - in print or on the web . word 2000 embraces html = as a first-class file format and extends word 's industry-leading ease of use to the web and e-mail . = 20 microsoft excel 2000 gives you the spreadsheet capabilities you need to a = nalyze data and find solutions . excel 2000 delivers new levels of resiliency and intelligence , enabling = users and organizations to get up and running quickly , stay working and achieve great results with fewer r = esources . microsoft office 2000 offers enhanced charting and rich analysis tools f = or creating spreadsheets and sharing information . microsoft outlook 2000 is an integrated e-mail and personal information m = anager , providing e-mail , calendaring , and contact and task management . = 20 microsoft powerpoint 2000 makes it easy to organize , illustrate , and deli = ver ideas professionally . whether users are conducting a meeting , presenting to an audience , or de = livering messages over the internet , powerpoint 2000 provides the tools necessary to share information and ma = ke points effectively . microsoft access 2000 makes it easy for users to get the information they = need and provides powerful tools that help users make better decisions . access 2000 let users quickly pul = l data from spreadsheets and other relational databases so they can find answers that count , shar = e information over intranets or the internet , and build faster and more effective business solutions . publisher 2000 is designed to take desktop publishing to a new level of a = utomation , professional design and flexibility to allow you to work and publish the way you want . publi = sher 2000 has expanded the quality and quantity of content , publication templates and design options to hel = p users create and publish professional looking publications anywhere - desktop printer , copy shop , commercial p = rinter and the web . if you would like more info . call = 20 1-800 - 228 = - 2095 = 20 we adhere to responsible email ethics if you wish to be removed from = 20 future mailling 's click here . mailto : paulpatterson @ hotbot . com = = 20 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * * * 94069
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 355,""Subject: bad credit ?
  
  hi , hi , do you have bad credit like 65 million other americans ? we offer you a way to wipe the slate clean and start over again and how to manage your credit and re-establish your credit worthiness . click on the link below for more info : use one of the following links as some sites may be slow due to high traffic : http : / / 3624108859 / http : / / 3511663956 / cred / http : / / 3488977290 / members / cred26 / http : / / 3510834019 / crimdatabases /
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 356,""Subject: advertise to millions and millions for free ! ! ! ( 1958 )
  
  kick your web site u = p a notch ! ! = 5 , 000 + web sites = that will give you free advertising . = finally , an easy way to advertise your web site or product . we have s = pent the last 18 months gathering information on web sites that will give you free or almost free advertising . while others are paying $ 25 - $ 10 , 000 per = advertisement , you can advertise your product , service or site , without having to pay anything . there aren = 92t any catches , or requirements . you will be able to place your link on all of these sites with one simple keystroke ! why would companies allow you to put your link on their page for free ? t = he more hits ( times people look at their web site ) that they receive , the mo = re their web page is worth to other advertisers . some advertisers pay $ 10 , 00 = 0 for an ad that only runs for one month . the more advertisers that are on = a site , the more people will go there to search the ads . this means that t = he site will have more hits , and therefore be worth more to other advertiser = s . putting your ad or link on for free , will benefit you and the other web site . you = 92ve probably surfed the web and found a few sites that will allow yo = u to place your link on their page , or in their mall . have you found 5 , 000 sites that will allow you do this ? even if you did find all of these fre = e sites , you would have to go to each site , one at a time , and try to place = your link . our soft = ware will allow you to place your link on all of these sites with one simple keystroke ! our software will save you thousands of = hours and tens of thousands of dollars . hundreds of people are using our software to sell their products , service = s , and at the same time , they are getting thousands of hits per day to their web site . remember , the more hits your web site gets , the more your site = will be worth to other advertisers . with your link on 5 , 000 + web sites , your business can sky rocket overnight . here are a few real life examples of what our software can do for you : """" after recei = ving your software , i immediately placed my link on 5 , 240 web sites . within 2 hours , i was receiving hundreds of hits to my web page . my web counter has gone as high as 12 , 362 hits in one day ! """" """" this program is the solution i was looking for . i don = 92t know = much about computers , but the software did everything for me . it took me abou = t five minutes to type in the required information , and by the next day i already had over 100 inquiries about my product . """" """" i have spent thousands of dollars trying to advertise my company = and my products , with very little success . after using your program , i s = aw immediate results . i received more inquiries , and sold more products in = 7 days , than i did in the last 14 months . better yet , i didn = 92t have to s = pend anything to do it . """" """" after using your software , i received over 8 , 000 inquiries in on = ly 10 days ! i tried for months to find a program that would help me market = my product , now i = 92ve got it . i couldn = 92t put a price tag on this softwar = e , it = 92s amazing . """" what is a program like this worth to you ? put your link on 5 , 000 + web sites , free . you will get tens of thousands of dollars worth of free advertising , all with a simple keystroke . take the hassle out of searchi = ng all over the internet for free sites to advertise your product , service , = or web page . let the software do all of the work for you . just put this di = sk in and follow the simple directions . you don = 92t even have to be compute = r literate to use this software . this software has been sold for as much as $ 295 . we are now making it available for a limited time for only $ 99 . 00 . at this price , you can = 92t = afford not to get it . think of how much just one ad could cost you witho = ut this software . you could pay anywhere from $ 25 - $ 10 , 000 for just one ad ! = but if you order wit = hin the next 3 days only ! ! ! ! you can buy our software with 5 , 000 free sites for only $ 39 . 00 . that 's right get your order in within the next 3 days and it is only $ 39 . 00 . to order this software , please fill out the following information sheet , and send your check to : ( please allow 7 to 10 days for check clearance ) please use form below ! ! fieldco 7620 mckellips road pmb # 450 scottsdale , az 85257 in a rush ? you may fax your check to 760 779-9571 and include your email = address ! ! yes i am ordering within 72 hours ! software package 5 , 000 + sites all orders sent via email for immediate download and no shipping expense ! = name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 84472
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 357,""Subject: possible + 900 % stock investment return !
  
  as stock investing interests you , please carefully review the following - you will not be disappointed ! = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = """" rntk """" predicted returns + 900 % over next few months ! = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = imminent outstanding company news & profit potential too great to ignore dear investor , analysts have predicted a + 900 % rise in rntk stock over the next few months due to recent developments and imminent company news . rntk ( rentech , inc . ) is the developer , marketer and licensor of patented technology for the conversion of gasses ( and liquids and solids ) into super clean high value fuels , products and chemicals . in other words , rntk makes it 's money from selling patented technology that billion dollar gas & oil corporations ( such as texaco ) cannot do without . the technology converts otherwise waste , into valuable clean burning fuels while reducing greenhouse gas emissions and operating costs . without such technology , energy companies are forced to utilize inferior technology accounting for 60 % of their expenses . as rntk has new superior and patented technology scheduled for release , rntk stock can only dramatically increase in value . the nasdaq hearing for rntk 's proposed promotion of its stock and upcoming news is scheduled for 20th may 1999 . an immediate purchase ( before the promotion of several imminent releases ) while the stock is barely $ 0 . 50 / share virtually guarantees phenomenal profits - possibly + 900 % over the next few months . even a $ 2 , 000 stock purchase stock could return over $ 18 , 000 ! * """" rentech is in a stronger position than it has ever been . we have working capital and meet the net tangible asset requirements for continued nasdaq listing . """" * * """" bcp 's excellent reputation and experience aligns rentech with an engineering partner in an area of the world that could hold some of the greatest potential for gas - to - liquids technology """" - - * mr . , yakobson , ceo rentech , inc . ( rntk ) careful investigation will indicate our research is accurate , and will reveal rntk 's phenomenal profit potential - it will generate returns far greater than any other stock or investment program . as a buying frenzy is anticipated over the next few days , we advise you to act promptly to maximize returns . understandably you may prefer to simply watch the stock , however the stock price being so low provides you with a very rare opportunity for enormous profits truly too great to miss . we recommend holding rntk stock for at least 6 months until the promotion of the new patented technology is complete . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = this information is published by vsp when our research indicates particular stock will generate significant returns - this is where we put our money however it is not an endorsement to purchase any stock or security . to receive all further issues for a one-time fee of us $ 150 , please reply to this email with """" info """" in subject , otherwise you will not be contacted again . our 1998 stock picks generated in excess of 980 % profit - statistics verified upon request . sent on behalf of vsp financial by growth success strategies . vsp financial currently owns 20 , 000 rntk common stock
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 358,""Subject: win $ 300usd and a cruise !
  
  raquel 's casino , inc . is awarding a cruise + $ 300 to a lucky member . no purchase necessary to play ! join before month end to participate . ( you will automatically be enteredinto the next drawing . ) you can join at http : / / www . raquelscasino . com ( casino ) http : / / www . tobet . com ( sportsbook ) raquel 's online casino provides guests with a state-of - the-art gaming experience : - a chance to win a cruise and $ 300 ! - 10 % sign-up bonus ! - free casino software ! - 25 casino games ! - international sportsbook ! - horse racing ! - play for fun , or for real ! our casino is secure , audited , private , and insured . thank you for your time and consideration . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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 359,""Subject: from fanny , recommending nek
  
  dear sir or madam , this is not a """" spam """" message . we are sending it on behalf of a nek player , whose nickname appears in the subject line above , and who provided your e-mail address and requested that we send you a recommendation . for more information and to download a fully functional trial copy , please visit http : / / www . nekonline . com . nek is an action / puzzle game that plays exactly like the famous tetris game . nek however adds a lot of depth and excitement by allowing up to 11 people to play competitively in the same game . by completing lines in the puzzle , players automatically trigger """" weapons """" and """" defenses """" in their opponents ' games with hilarious effects . many people have raved about nek , and we hope that you too will enjoy the game tremendously . you can participate in multiplayer nek games for free on mplayer . com at http : / / www . mplayer . com , and on at&t gamehub at http : / / www . gamehub . net . thank you , elias assad for oceanus communications inc . p . s . here are but a few of the messages we regularly receive from nek players : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * hello , and _ thank you _ for a fantastic game . my wife and i spend many hours competing on the hand to hand game . and we have a question for you : in standard tetris the goal is of course to accumulate as many points as possible . in nek the goal also is to stay alive . when playing hand-to - hand game what would be the parameter to decide who wins . we are now talking of a scenario where a has the most points but dies , and b is alive but has fewer points . . . . this is really becoming an issue in the househould : - ) , so if you could please give us your expert opinion , we would be very grateful ! [ ed . note : the answer to the question in this message appears on the web site . ] kind regards jesper & annette skovlund , denmark * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * thank you very much ! nek is such an amazing game ; the ease of tetris with the added element of multiplayer network attack . please let me know when version 2 is available ; i can't wait to buy it . thanks again , mike * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * wow . . this game is phat . . . . i have been playing tetrinet for a while , but this blows it away in every possible area . worth the time d / ling many times over ! ! ! joshua peters * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * i ' ve just tried playing nek , and i love it ! one thing - - would it be possible to have an option for the pieces to rotate in the opposite direction ? [ ed . note : this was introduced in the current version 2 . 0 of nek . ] the tetris game i ' m used to rotates them the other way ( clockwise / anti-clockwise ) this would also make a nice weapon if it could also happen randomly . . . thanks again ! simon hurr * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tetris is a trademark of the tetris company . nek is a product of oceanus communications inc . and is not manufactured , distributed or endorsed by the tetris company
 "",1
 360,""Subject: wholesale club !
  
  hi , we where wondering if you would be interested in subscribing to our opt-in email list . we are a wholesale distributor offering customers a wide array of products from sporting goods to electronics with huge savings . you would receive a weekly letter from us promoting some of our top products with the best discounts for the week . savings range from 30 to 80 percent . if you are interested reply to this message with subscribe in the subject . if you wish to be removed reply with remove in the subject .
 "",1
 361,""Subject: this is new on 95 . 8 capital fm
  
  to unsubscribe from these e-mails go to http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this is new on http : / / capitalfm . com from july 7 to july 21 . - party in the park - re - live the experience right here ! - festival guide ' 99 - win tickets to reading and leeds . - under the spotlight - seafruit and suede . - live reviews - alanis morrisette , celine dion . - wicked women - win in our competition , special offers and more . - dj picks - steve penk leads the way reviewing blur . - capitalfm . com shop - for the very best prices in music . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com - party in the park - re - live the experience right here ! sunday july 4th saw more than 30 chart-topping artists playing live in front of 100 , 000 fans in aid of the prince 's trust . re - live the experience by checking our exclusive photos and the archives from our chats with the stars ! - festival guide ' 99 - win tickets to reading and leeds . if you plan on catching live music in the open air this summer do n't miss our festival guide . win tickets to reading and leeds . find out who 's playing , how to get there and most importantly how to survive the festival experience . plus stacks of offers on new and back catalogue cds from artists playing this summer . - under the spotlight - seafruit and suede . the spotlight turns to bands starting with s . seafruit have their first single out now and suede are getting ready for their performance at v99 next month . see what they had to say and catch up on a pile of past under the spotlight interviews . - live reviews - alanis morrisette , celine dion . two superwomen visit the capital in the coming weeks and we will be ready . find out if they won us over or turned our stomachs by their live performances . we ' ll take you there up close and personal . - wicked women - win in our competition , special offers and more . wicked women is a concert on july 24th in hyde park to benefit breakthrough breast cancer in memory of ronan 's mum . ronan , martine , republica , honeyz and others are all playing . win big in our competition and check out our special offers . - dj picks - steve penk leads the way reviewing blur . penky picks up the new blur new single ' coffee and tv ' and his favourite tracks off of the album ' 13 ' , and more to come . . . - capitalfm . com shop - for the very best prices in music . all the latest album releases including ricky martin , special summer compilation offers and in time for basement jaxx 's second single pick up both singles and the album for a very special price . and be sure to check the site on july 20th for our one-off boyband offers . you can also pre-order forthcoming album releases now ! * all pre-orders are despatched on the saturday prior to release date in time for delivery on day of release . please allow up to three working days for uk delivery . uk delivery is just 1 . 00 for any size order ! all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement check out the new marvin and tamara website ! catch the groove this summer with marvin and tamara and their fantastic new single ' groove machine ' . hailing from croydon and walthamstow , these two young londoners are about to take the pop world by storm . the single oozes summer vibes , full of motown influences , it 's up beat , it 's fresh and it 's most definitely catchy . check out their website on www . marvinandtamara . com and the video on box selection # 542 ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement constellation casino special promotion constellation casino , the premier casino on the internet is now offering a special deal for capital radio registered members . sign up between june 22nd and july 21st from the following url and receive $ 30 free in your account ! ! ! http : / / www . virtcasino . com / casino / capitalradio . htm try this offer now , and play blackjack , video poker and baccarat on-line and enjoy quality graphics and las vegas winning odds ! this can be your best bet on the internet ! ! ! please , note that only one sign up per visitor is allowed . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement sounds good ? it is ! one of the coolest features of the capital site is of course our streaming audio . if you ' re using a modem , has that sound ever crackled and maybe cut-out as the modem can't download files fast enough to keep up ? you need bt highway . streaming audio , and video for that matter , works even better with bt highway 's 128k digital access . in fact your whole internet experience could be better with bt highway . it works by converting your existing bt phone line to a high-speed digital system with two lines to use at once instead of just the one you had before . interested ? well keep listening because the price of conversion is now half price ! how can you resist ? let 's go and check out the website http : / / capitalfm . com and click on the small black buttons at the top to listen live or select the link below to find out more . http : / / www . highway . bt . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement shrouded in secrecy . . . in ireland , on the 4th july , they became plain mr and mrs beckham in a ceremony that is still shrouded by secrecy . to find out more and win your dream wedding dress and honeymoon in our posh and becks wedding competition , click below to find out more . . . http : / / capitalfm . com / webweddings _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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 362,""Subject: wholesale club !
  
  hi , i am writing you to see if you would have interest in our opt-in email list . we are a wholesale distributor who offers its members huge discounts on over 1000 products . everything from sporting goods to electronics . savings are from 30-200 % off of retail prices . we send out products of the week once a week . if you are interested please put subscribe in the subject of the letter . if you wish to be removed please put remove in the subject . there is not cost in joining the club .
 "",1
 363,""Subject: < < how to see through people 's body & mind > >
  
  = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = how to see through people 's clothes = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = have you ever dreamed you ' re able to see through people 's clothes like superman or james bond ? now at last your childhood dream can come true ! ! ! all you need to see through clothes is a special optical lens made in japan . this lens enables you to see live nude images at the beach , at the pool , and even on busy city streets . you can not believe this then click http : / / www . kaya-optics . com = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = how to see through people 's mind = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = do you know if the person you ' re talking to is telling the truth ? here is the world 's first personal lie detector software for pc . this new product made in israel provides a real-time analysis of vocal segments from phone or face-to - face conversations right on your computer screen . now you can know what 's really going on behind the words . for more details click http : / / www . truster . com = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = dear , are you looking for the new products made in asia ? is this sample newsletter a help to you ? if so , please subscribe to our """" the asian newsmonger """" newsletter . we inform you more than 100 items of the most amazing & newest asian products for free once a month . to subscribe , simply click asian _ news @ asiancityweb . com ? subject = subscribe if you do not subscribe to our newsletter , your email address will automatically be removed from our database . you do n't have to send us a mail to unsubscribe to our newsletter . if this message does not interest you , please pardon our intrusion . thank you for your time . - the asian newsmonger -
 "",1
 364,""Subject: thank you for your continued support ! ( 12828 )
  
  as a special thank you from our team at web - entertainment , we have signed special licensing deals with top entertainment facilities across the world . please enjoy with our compliments and trust that we value you as a customer and look forward to continuing our services to you in the future as well as today ! http : / / 208 . 144 . 10 . 20 / ~ scout / index . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 55444
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 365,""Subject: teen xxx - free preview ( 104554 )
  
  welcome to the most incredible teen sex action on the net ! instant access , free preview . . all girls are 18-21 guaranteed ! see it here today ! http : / / 208 . 166 . 75 . 251 / ~ mainstream / index . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 59179
 "",1
 366,""Subject: take our net survey . . . win a free trip for two ! ( 111000 )
  
  net survey invites you to take our adult entertainment survey . all qualified participants will have a chance to win a free trip to los angeles for two ! package includes : - round trip airfare - deluxe hotel accommodations - $ 500 spending money additionally , participants will receive more information about adult entertainment upon request ! our survey takes less than two minutes to complete and provides our sponsors with valuable information on how to improve their web site and services offered . to participate , please visit : http : / / 22 @ 3500800301 * please note : you must be age 18 + to participate ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ net survey respects your on-line time and internet privacy . this is a one-time only solicitation . your address will be deleted from our files . thank you ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 90645
 "",1
 367,""Subject: your best bet . .
  
  adults only click this http : / / www . wildhotsex . com / puresex1 . html nothing """" butt """" pure sex this adult site gives you a free xxx video every month http : / / www . wildhotsex . com / puresex1 . html to be removed - e-mail jillbob622 @ geocities . com put remove in the subject line .
 "",1
 368,""Subject: just released ! cd vol . 4a
  
  online business got you . . . . frustrated ? have you tried : free classifieds ? ( do n't work ) web site ? ( good for closing but you have to have visitors ) banners ? ( expensive and iffy ) e - zine ? ( they ' re great , but only with thousands of members ) search engines ( easy to be buried with thousands of others ) e - m a i l m a r k e t i n g w o r k s ! ! it 's a fact ! if you ' re not using your computer to generate income , you ' re leaving money on the table . i understand that some may take offence with this message , so i ' ll only be mailing to you once . or , if you ' re financially independent , then just hit delete and i won't bother you again . but friend , the proof is in the pudding . \ and if you could do with $ 50 , 000 to $ 151 , 200 . 00 per year , then this message is for you . the following is an example of your potential earnings if you have a product that profits you just $ 30 . remember , on the internet , you can make money 7 days a week , 24 hours a day . . . even while you sleep , orders can come in from all over the world ! orders per day weekly earnings / monthly earnings / yearly earnings 1 $ 210 . 00 $ 840 . 00 $ 10 , 080 . 00 2 $ 420 . 00 $ 1 , 680 . 00 $ 20 , 160 . 00 3 $ 630 . 00 $ 2 , 520 . 00 $ 30 , 240 . 00 5 $ 1 , 050 . 00 $ 4 , 200 . 00 $ 50 , 400 . 00 10 $ 2 , 100 . 00 $ 8 , 400 . 00 $ 100 , 000 . 00 15 $ 3 , 150 . 00 $ 12 , 600 . 00 $ 151 , 200 . 00 the question is . . . how do you generate those orders . our latest & greatest is just released ! the millions cd - vol . 4 10 million of the very best email addresses available anywhere ! ! the millions cd - vol . 4 , is the absolute best product of its kind anywhere in the world today . there are no other products anywhere that can compete with the quality of this cd . after almost 2 years . we ' ve even outdone ourselves with this volume . the millions cd - vol . 4 is comprised of 10 million premium & super clean email addresses - you can start mailing as soon as you receive the cd ! ( see the """" how we do it """" techniques described below ) . each file contains exactly 100 , 000 email addresses . there are only aol & mixed addresses on this cd . aol : you get over 50 files of 100 , 000 each of aol which equals over 5 , 000 , 000 addresses . the aol addresses are verified 100 % deliverable at time of production and were collected throughout the production schedule-then reverified as deliverable . all of the following domains have been removed from vol . 4 . absolutely not included : compuserve . com genie . com delphi . com gnn . com ( dropped by aol and not active at this time ) , edu , . gov , . mil , . org , and no state domains ending in . us no international domains used on this cd . only pure . com & . net ! ! ! no """" duplicate """" addresses . all """" dupes """" were filtered out . here ' s how we get the cleanest email addresses available anywhere ! ! 1 . 190 + million lines of email addresses were filtered and duplicates eliminated . this process , alone , reduces the list into a manageable number . 2 . another filter list of 400 + words / phrases were used to reduce the lists even more . no addresses with profane or inappropriate wording survived . 3 . a special filter file was used to eliminate most of the """" web poisoned """" email addresses from these lists . most of the lists we purged were full of bogus addresses . one list , in particular , had over 90 % poison in it . our exclusive system reduced these types of addresses to zero . 4 . a """" daily updated """" anti bulk email list of terrorists and general anti-internet advertising extremists was used to rid our lists of those people who , in a cowardly and deliberate manner , attack all marketing people who choose to utilize the greatest marketing discovery of all time - direct email . our database of these individuals is the largest one maintained worldwide and it keeps our lists of undesirable and extremist elements . 5 . in addition to the above , we also maintain a database that we update every day . this database contains undeliverable addresses , and addresses of those who have asked to be removed from any and all mailing lists ( this is comparable to the opt-out kind of list maintained by the dma , etc ) . owning this cd . . . is equivalent to you having to buy all lists and other cds of our competitors , plus the huge amount of resources our team secures through private means . the major difference is . . . . ours is thoroughly cleaned & free of all the """" filled """" & """" bogus """" addresses used by our competition to add inflated numbers to their lists . we perform hundreds of hours of production and thousands of dollars in order to offer you the cleanest and purest cd of quality addresses found anywhere worldwide ! sending your marketing letter to any one of our 100 lists of 100 , 000 ( 10 million in all ) is equivalent to sending 1 , 000 , 000 / one million of our competitors addresses to equal the same response , sales ratio , etc . would n't you rather send just 100 , 000 instead of 1 , 000 , 000 letters ? just think what results you would get if you sent 1 , 000 , 000 using our quality lists ! with our lists you will send less and get more results . our list will result in : higher response ratios higher sales ratios more receptive prospects ; less flames & non-buyers less contact with anti-commerce radicals who want the net for themselves ! you ' ll get 100 of the cleanest email files available anywhere ! each of our new volumes improves in quality and content . no competitor even comes close to matching this superior product . you must use it and compare for yourself ! this product will prove to be the best of it 's kind compared to any cd in terms of hours and money spent bringing it to market . no competitor will ever duplicate the effort of what it takes for us to produce this final product . we don t compromise quality , and we surely won't release any product before it passes our """" high standards """" test for quality . """" you can buy the all of the rest or you can buy from the best """" ! the millions cd - vol . 4 is the best ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ don t hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most effective way to market anywhere . . . period ! if you have any further questions or to place an order , you can call us direct at : 1-412 - 734-1488 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the millions cd - volume 4 * * * * * now only $ 225 . 00 ! * * * _ this price is effective for the next seven days , thereafter the price will be $ 299 . 00 so order now ! remember , bottom-line you always get what you pay for ! to order our email package , simply print out the ez order form below and fax our office today . we accept visa , mastercard , amex , and checks by fax . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ez order form _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to order millions vol . 4 email addresses for only $ 225 . 00 . * please select one of the following for shipping . . _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package overnight . i ' m including $ 15 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package 2 day delivery . i ' m including $ 10 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ type of credit card : _ _ _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ _ _ mastercard credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amount $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( required ) signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you may fax your order to us at : 1-412 - 291-1133 check by fax services ! if you would like to fax a check , paste your check below and fax it to our office along with all forms to : 1-412 - 291-1133 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 24 hour fax services * * * please paste your check here and fax it to us at 1-412 - 291-1133 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from your original check . all checks will be held for bank clearance . ( 7-10 days ) make payable to : """" ce networks """"
 "",1
 369,""Subject: 20 asian girls a day ! !
  
  please note that this is a one time mailing and you will not receive any further invitations to us . if you are over the age of 18 and are looking for the hottest adult entertainment on the internet today , click here to see something that you ' ve never seen before ! http : / / members . xoom . com / xq36tsts / door . html
 "",1
 370,""Subject: pay us a visit . ( adults only ) # 1f81
  
  7706 if you ' re over 18 you ' ll want to see this ! live cybersex 24 hours a day right on your computer screen ! ! ! click on the link below : http : / / 3521254387 / lisa / you can watch them do it all live , talk live and get these gorgeous teen models to do anything ! you tell them what to do , and they do it hot young teen girls and guys thousands o = 46 pictures and avi ' s too click on the link below : http : / / 3521254387 / lisa / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to remove yourself from the member mailing list . 1 . go to http : / / 3448153916 / remove / remove . cgi and follow instructions provided on web page . this is not an unsolicited email ! you have received this because you are a past / present member , or are a visitor who has requested additional in = 46ormation about our sites . or 1 . """" reply """" to : mailto : iilli11 @ mymail . com 2 . type """" remove """" in the subject field and hit send . submitting as above will delete your e-mail address from our database . or call : ( 305 ) 460-3165 to be removed . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",1
 371,""Subject: pay us a visit . ( adults only ) # 3cde
  
  1ba5 if you ' re over 18 you ' ll want to see this ! live cybersex 24 hours a day right on your computer screen ! ! ! click on the link below : http : / / 3521254387 / terry / you can watch them do it all live , talk live and get these gorgeous teen models to do anything ! you tell them what to do , and they do it hot young teen girls and guys thousands o = 46 pictures and avi ' s too click on the link below : http : / / 3521254387 / terry / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to remove yourself from the member mailing list . 1 . go to http : / / 3448153916 / remove / remove . cgi and follow instructions provided on web page . this is not an unsolicited email ! you have received this because you are a past / present member , or are a visitor who has requested additional in = 46ormation about our sites . or 1 . """" reply """" to : mailto : iilli11 @ mymail . com 2 . type """" remove """" in the subject field and hit send . submitting as above will delete your e-mail address from our database . or call : ( 305 ) 460-3165 to be removed . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",1
 372,""Subject: sorry for the delay - fqtfsqvb
  
  hello thanks for stopping by ! ! we have taken many new pics and made some hot new videos ! they are the most erotic we have done ! stop by and be our guest for oodles of free fun ! click here and enter we thank you for all your business in the past ! the haven
 "",1
 373,""Subject: love your profile - ysuolvpv
  
  hello thanks for stopping by ! ! we have taken many new pics and made some hot new videos ! they are the most erotic we have done ! stop by and be our guest for oodles of free fun ! click here and enter we thank you for all your business in the past ! the haven
 "",1
 374,""Subject: did that work for you ? - calsvxtn
  
  hello thanks for stopping by ! ! we have taken many new pics and made some hot new videos ! they are the most erotic we have done ! stop by and be our guest for oodles of free fun ! click here and enter we thank you for all your business in the past ! the haven
 "",1
 375,""Subject: re : call me now 732-942 - 7100
  
  hi sexy : i am considered one of the hottest phone girls on the net , because there 's n * o * t * h * i * n * g that i won't talk about . i love to suck , lick , fuck , and it shows ! i ' m a single blonde , 24 yrs old , green eyes and very big tits ! i ' ve been talking to sexy guys on the net for three years and love it ! over half of the people who call me call back a second time . i have regular callers from all over the world ! why ? because this is a small , owner operated business - not some phonesex factory . i ' m right here at home , in my bedroom , just waiting for you to call so we can enjoy each other . of course i participate ! why should i let you guys have all the fun ! : - ) if you have any questions , call me at home for free information . i want to get and keep your business . i have the professionalism to offer you consistent quality . nothing will be mailed to your home , your name will not be sold or traded , i ' m so fucking lonely and horny , call me now baby 732-942 - 7100 non us / canada studs call now on + 1-732 - 942-7100 oh babyyyyyyyyyy . . my pussy is dripping wet , call me now on 732-942 - 7100 kindest regards , heather ps . my slogan is """" high integrity , high quality and a great cum everytime """"
 "",1
 376,""Subject: http : / / www . xxxnet . cx
  
  the most nasty , raunchy adult interactive website on the internet today is = 46ree = 46or 1 week ! ! ! ! http : / / www . xxxnet . cx teenage virgin = 46ucking & sucking ! http : / / www . xxxnet . cx locker room xcitement ! ! see all this that was not available in the usa continent ( until now ) here = 46ree ! plus you will get . . . cams galore - peep , teen , anal , dildo . . . http : / / www . xxxnet . cx over 20 , 000 xxx videos over 50 live sex shows ! amsterdam = 46uck shows ! thousands of pictures xxx magazines . . comics . . . games & more ! all this = 46or = 46ree = 46or 1 week ! join now ! go to : http : / / www . xxxnet . cx
 "",1
 377,""Subject: forbidden xxx ( 4488 )
  
  teen girls 18-20 waiting to tempt and tantalize . . . join the action today with our free trial http : / / tv . acmecity . com / smallscreen / 232 / index . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 25061
 "",1
 378,""Subject: forbidden xxx ( 4971 )
  
  teen girls 18-20 waiting to tempt and tantalize . . . join the action today with our free trial http : / / 3505021283 / adult / jeni20 / index . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 65857
 "",1
 379,""Subject: our latest & greatest ! cd vol . 4a
  
  online business got you . . . . frustrated ? have you tried : free classifieds ? ( do n't work ) web site ? ( good for closing but you have to have visitors ) banners ? ( expensive and iffy ) e - zine ? ( they ' re great , but only with thousands of members ) search engines ( easy to be buried with thousands of others ) e - m a i l m a r k e t i n g w o r k s ! ! it 's a fact ! if you ' re not using your computer to generate income , you ' re leaving money on the table . i understand that some may take offence with this message , so i ' ll only be mailing to you once . or , if you ' re financially independent , then just hit delete and i won't bother you again . but friend , the proof is in the pudding . \ and if you could do with $ 50 , 000 to $ 151 , 200 . 00 per year , then this message is for you . the following is an example of your potential earnings if you have a product that profits you just $ 30 . remember , on the internet , you can make money 7 days a week , 24 hours a day . . . even while you sleep , orders can come in from all over the world ! orders per day weekly earnings / monthly earnings / yearly earnings 1 $ 210 . 00 $ 840 . 00 $ 10 , 080 . 00 2 $ 420 . 00 $ 1 , 680 . 00 $ 20 , 160 . 00 3 $ 630 . 00 $ 2 , 520 . 00 $ 30 , 240 . 00 5 $ 1 , 050 . 00 $ 4 , 200 . 00 $ 50 , 400 . 00 10 $ 2 , 100 . 00 $ 8 , 400 . 00 $ 100 , 000 . 00 15 $ 3 , 150 . 00 $ 12 , 600 . 00 $ 151 , 200 . 00 the question is . . . how do you generate those orders . our latest & greatest is just released ! the millions cd - vol . 4a 10 million of the very best email addresses available anywhere ! ! the millions cd - vol . 4 , is the absolute best product of its kind anywhere in the world today . there are no other products anywhere that can compete with the quality of this cd . after almost 2 years . we ' ve even outdone ourselves with this volume . the millions cd - vol . 4 is comprised of 10 million premium & super clean email addresses - you can start mailing as soon as you receive the cd ! ( see the """" how we do it """" techniques described below ) . each file contains exactly 100 , 000 email addresses . there are only aol & mixed addresses on this cd . aol : you get over 50 files of 100 , 000 each of aol which equals over 5 , 000 , 000 addresses . the aol addresses are verified 100 % deliverable at time of production and were collected throughout the production schedule-then reverified as deliverable . all of the following domains have been removed from vol . 4 . absolutely not included : compuserve . com genie . com delphi . com gnn . com ( dropped by aol and not active at this time ) , edu , . gov , . mil , . org , and no state domains ending in . us no international domains used on this cd . only pure . com & . net ! ! ! no """" duplicate """" addresses . all """" dupes """" were filtered out . here ' s how we get the cleanest email addresses available anywhere ! ! 1 . 190 + million lines of email addresses were filtered and duplicates eliminated . this process , alone , reduces the list into a manageable number . 2 . another filter list of 400 + words / phrases were used to reduce the lists even more . no addresses with profane or inappropriate wording survived . 3 . a special filter file was used to eliminate most of the """" web poisoned """" email addresses from these lists . most of the lists we purged were full of bogus addresses . one list , in particular , had over 90 % poison in it . our exclusive system reduced these types of addresses to zero . 4 . a """" daily updated """" anti bulk email list of terrorists and general anti-internet advertising extremists was used to rid our lists of those people who , in a cowardly and deliberate manner , attack all marketing people who choose to utilize the greatest marketing discovery of all time - direct email . our database of these individuals is the largest one maintained worldwide and it keeps our lists of undesirable and extremist elements . 5 . in addition to the above , we also maintain a database that we update every day . this database contains undeliverable addresses , and addresses of those who have asked to be removed from any and all mailing lists ( this is comparable to the opt-out kind of list maintained by the dma , etc ) . owning this cd . . . is equivalent to you having to buy all lists and other cds of our competitors , plus the huge amount of resources our team secures through private means . the major difference is . . . . ours is thoroughly cleaned & free of all the """" filled """" & """" bogus """" addresses used by our competition to add inflated numbers to their lists . we perform hundreds of hours of production and thousands of dollars in order to offer you the cleanest and purest cd of quality addresses found anywhere worldwide ! sending your marketing letter to any one of our 100 lists of 100 , 000 ( 10 million in all ) is equivalent to sending 1 , 000 , 000 / one million of our competitors addresses to equal the same response , sales ratio , etc . would n't you rather send just 100 , 000 instead of 1 , 000 , 000 letters ? just think what results you would get if you sent 1 , 000 , 000 using our quality lists ! with our lists you will send less and get more results . our list will result in : higher response ratios higher sales ratios more receptive prospects ; less flames & non-buyers less contact with anti-commerce radicals who want the net for themselves ! you ' ll get 100 of the cleanest email files available anywhere ! each of our new volumes improves in quality and content . no competitor even comes close to matching this superior product . you must use it and compare for yourself ! this product will prove to be the best of it 's kind compared to any cd in terms of hours and money spent bringing it to market . no competitor will ever duplicate the effort of what it takes for us to produce this final product . we don t compromise quality , and we surely won't release any product before it passes our """" high standards """" test for quality . """" you can buy the all of the rest or you can buy from the best """" ! the millions cd - vol . 4 is the best ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ don t hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most effective way to market anywhere . . . period ! if you have any further questions or to place an order , you can call us direct at : 1-800 - 242-0363 ext . 1226 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the millions cd - volume 4a * * * * * now only $ 225 . 00 ! * * * _ this price is effective for the next seven days , thereafter the price will be $ 299 . 00 so order now ! remember , bottom-line you always get what you pay for ! to order our email package , simply print out the ez order form below and fax our office today . we accept visa , mastercard , amex , and checks by fax . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ez order form _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to order millions vol . 4a email addresses for only $ 225 . 00 . * please select one of the following for shipping . . _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package overnight . i ' m including $ 15 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package 2 day delivery . i ' m including $ 10 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ type of credit card : _ _ _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ _ _ mastercard credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amount $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( required ) signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you may fax your order to us at : 1-603 - 452-6269 check by fax services ! if you would like to fax a check , paste your check below and fax it to our office along with all forms to : 1-603 - 452-6269 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 24 hour fax services * * * please paste your check here and fax it to us at 1-603 - 452-6269 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from your original check . all checks will be held for bank clearance . ( 7-10 days ) make payable to : """" eb services """"
 "",1
 380,""Subject: hot xxx ( 917 )
  
  join in on the fun with us ! http : / / 38 . 150 . 73 . 20 / babez / index . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 76557
 "",1
 381,""Subject: tommy lee and heather locklear ( before pamela anderson ) ( 9875 )
  
  live sincity xxxclub pictures and videos . featuring exclusive photos of . . . - tommy lee and heather locklear ( before pamela anderson ) - a calista flockheart strip tease ( aka ally mcbeal ) - plus much much more http : / / 208 . 234 . 97 . 99 / adult / mywife / index . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 72435
 "",1
 382,""Subject: limited time reservation .
  
  the most nasty , raunchy adult interactive website on the internet today is = 46ree = 46or 1 week ! ! ! ! http : / / 3461767994 / adult . html locker room xcitement ! ! see all this that was not available in the usa continent ( until now ) here = 46ree ! plus you will get . . . over 20 , 000 xxx videos over 50 live sex shows ! amsterdam sex shows ! thousands of pictures xxx magazines . . comics . . . games & more ! all this = 46or = 46ree = 46or 1 week ! join now ! go to : http : / / 3461767994 / adult . html
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 383,""Subject: hot free xxx software ! ! !
  
  > > > > > > > > > for hetero http : / / 3480473412 / csend / straight1 / or for all male http : / / 3480473412 / csend / men / trust me , this is the best ever ! over 300 , 000 photos never ever seen before on the internet ! ! ! cum and see us . . . free software . cum and see me , lover . . .
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 384,""Subject: secrets the travel agents won't tell you !
  
  get 65 % off airline tickets + save over 72 % hotels rooms wordlwide * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * want to know where to get get 65 % off airline tickets + save over 72 % hotels rooms wordlwide just go to : * which travel * which travel * which travel * which travel * at : http : / / 208 . 196 . 56 . 134 / ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this text is placed here as stipulated in us bill s . 1618 title 3 . http : / / www . senate . gov / ~ murkowski / commercialemail / emailamendtext . html sender : travelnews , bevere , worcester . email : boney @ hosted2u . net tel : + 33 4 94 60 10 65 per section 301 , paragraph ( a ) ( 2 ) ( c ) of s . 1618 , further transmissions to you by the sender of this email may be stopped at no cost to you by sending a reply to this email address with the word """" remove """" in the subject line . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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 385,""Subject: tami , was that yu ?
  
  bobby , is this you ? this is john , your cousin . call or email me immedaitly . found a company who will build , and host our site for free . call me today . if this is not you bobby i ' m sorry if you recieved this by mistake .
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 386,""Subject: internet pc user group
  
  internet pc user group ( """" ipcug """" ) newsletter first quarter 1999 table of contents ( 1 ) general &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; ( 1a ) introduction &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; ( 1b ) update &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; ( 1c ) news ( 2 ) review &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; ( 2a ) # 1 - tufftest - lite - free pc diagnostics utility&nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; [ download @ www . ipcug . org ] &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; ( 2b ) call for reviews / reviewers ( 3 ) contact information ( 1 ) general ( 1a ) introduction &nbsp ; the purpose of the ipcug is to bring together people interested in the fast paced and constantly changing world of computers & the internet . ipcug is designed as an open club to people of all disciplines . ipcug offers a variety of interesting services to its members , such as : &nbsp ; &nbsp ; offering a resource base for users . fellow members can learn from each other in a friendly and relaxed atmosphere , anywhere there is access to the internet . &nbsp ; &nbsp ; operating a web site , which enables a great number of people to communicate through messages and realtime chat . &nbsp ; &nbsp ; we are always looking for pc owners ( this includes mac users ! ) to suggest products or do reviews . &nbsp ; &nbsp ; whenever possible we will try to secure member discounts for products and services . &nbsp ; &nbsp ; and lastly there is more to ipcug than just the internet ! the ipcug is a synergistic forum made up by it 's incredibly diverse user base . ( 1b ) update &nbsp ; our website continues to expand and grow . thank you for all your help and suggestions . our search for new mailing list software continues . ( 1c ) news ipcug is working on creating local chapters and monthly meetings . ipcug is also working on details that would enable our group to have yearly gatherings . ipcug would like to attend an upcoming comdex . as the ipcug continues to grow , there will be more reviews , & user contribution . it 's an exciting time to be an ipcug member . ( 2 ) review ( 2a ) # 1 - tufftest - lite - free pc diagnostics utility&nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; [ download @ www . ipcug . org ] &nbsp ; you arrive home with your new computer . sure , it hurt paying $ 1 , 800 , but you have it all - - large cardboard boxes , yards of cables , oceans of foam packing . assembly is a snap . as they told you in the store , every cable only fits one way . you follow all the instructions , turn it on and everything is perfect - you are very proud of yourself . &nbsp ; months later you start to experience mysterious problems and occasional system lock ups . probably some software tsr or driver has conflicted with windows again . as before , you spend endless hours trying to track it down , but this time to no avail . then one day , unfortunately just after the warranty runs out , it stops working . when you boot , you see a cryptic error message that says something about memory , or parity , or some such thing . &nbsp ; maybe you ' ll spend a lot of time swapping parts and playing with your computer 's insides - but if you do n't have the time or the skills , you ' ll lug the beast down to the repair shop and wait hours for their low-cost """" instant """" diagnostic service . then you ' ll pay """" more """" to get it fixed . it 's moments like these that you need # 1 - tufftest - lite . &nbsp ; # 1 - tufftest - lite by # 1-pc diagnostics company simply makes sure that your equipment is connected and working . before you set off on a software wild goose chase , # 1 - tufftest - lite blows the whistle on faulty hardware , in this case a bad memory simm in main memory . &nbsp ; sophisticated operating systems blur the line between hardware and software . when a program wants to access a drive , memory or port , windows manages the request . many test programs tell you that they are testing the hardware , but they can't really tell if the problem lies with the hardware , the software that controls it or windows . # 1 - tufftest - lite eliminates the problem by eliminating the complex operating system . &nbsp ; the program fits on a floppy disk and contains its own super slim operating system and device drivers . when it runs tests , nothing stands between them and the pc hardware . # 1 - tufftest - lite can directly attack drives , controllers , ports and memory , giving them a stiff workout and telling you whether they pass muster . &nbsp ; interestingly , this handy little utility reports fewer hardware faults than conventional diagnostic programs - - because it virtually eliminates the false positives that can be generated when software gets in the way . when it does report a problem with your equipment , you can be confident that it is worthwhile dismantling the system and making the trip back to the shop . when # 1 - tufftest - lite gives the all clear , it is sensible to assume that the issue is a software or setup one . &nbsp ; for the technically minded , # 1 - tufftest - lite runs a range of standard hardware checks . it starts with the motherboard and looks at the processor , math coprocessor , dma controller and real time clock . from there , it moves through a series of video and alignment and color tests , and onto the video adapter itself . after that , parallel and serial ports , floppy and hard drives and main memory are run through their paces . &nbsp ; one advantage of its small size is that # 1 - tufftest - lite automatically relocates from lower main memory to upper main memory and then back again on every pass . thus all of main memory is tested . no other diagnostics can do this because they have to occupy a large chunk of it themselves . after finishing with a check of extended memory , # 1 - tufftest - lite reports on your pc and its components . it produces a results display with a simple pass or fail for each component . if everything checks out , you have the satisfaction of knowing that your pc 's internals are a-ok . &nbsp ; the product does n't assume that you are technically minded . to run it , you turn off your pc , place the # 1 - tufftest - lite diskette in the floppy drive a and turn your pc on . the proprietary boot loader and operating system boots your pc and then automatically runs all the tests , with no user intervention if you like . the tests do n't alter any system settings , so even a novice can use it without fear of doing damage . return after 5-10 minutes and the report will be ready . &nbsp ; there is more to pc problem solving than a basic hardware check , but if you can't do that , you can spend a lot of time looking under the wrong rocks . &nbsp ; best of all , # 1 - tufftest - lite is freeware with no restrictions on its use or distribution so you really can't go wrong giving it a try . [ download your free pc diagnostic @ www . ipcug . org ] ( 2b ) call for reviews / reviewers &nbsp ; we are always looking for member recommendations on new pc and macintosh products to review . and we also invite members to submit their product reviews . ( 3 ) contact information jason president @ ipcug . org megan vicepresident @ ipcug . org manny secretary @ ipcug . org website www . ipcug . org address ipcug376 grant blvd . suite 116syracuse , ny 13206 phone ( 315 ) 431-9571 fax ( 315 ) 431-9571 ( c ) 1998-99 internet pc user group . all rights reserved . you have received this e-mail newsletter as a result of your registration to the ipcug . you may leave this e-mail newsletter service at any time by sending an e-mail to list-unsubscribe @ ipcug . org . the subject line and message body are not used in processing the request , and can be anything you like . for more information on the ipcug please visit http : / / www . icpug . org /
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 387,""Subject: new on 95 . 8 capital fm
  
  this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com from the 17th of feb to the 3rd of mar . - live reviews - we take you to sheryl crow , robbie williams and the corrs . - grammy awards - more pop , awards and speeches on feb 24 . - b * witched - get a preview of the book ! - winning lines - guess the song and win the brits video . - new releases - madonna , alanis and other great new music ! - showtime - e-17 , cher and martine mccutcheon on air . - how to be a dj - get tips from the top . - eddie izzard - win tickets ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - live reviews - we take you to sheryl crow , robbie williams and the corrs . spring is coming and the stars are taking to the stage . we take you to sheryl crow 's only uk gig this time around , golden boy robbie is following up his amazing run at the brits with live gigs at wembley and the corrs come back to the london arena after winning best international group at the brits . - grammy awards - more pop , awards and speeches on feb 24 . it 's that time again . the us brings out all the stops and all the stars . we will keep you up to date on the winners and losers and we have some amazing cd offers on grammy nominated artists . keep coming back so you do n't miss out ! - b * witched - get a preview of the book ! the official book is not released until the middle of april , but you can find out what 's in it now ! we will publish an excerpt from the book every week starting on thursday february 18 . be the first to read it ! - winning lines - guess the song and win the brits video . our weekly ' winning lines ' competition has a great prize up for grabs this week . the official brits video can be yours if you know your lyrics . - new releases - madonna , alanis and other great new music ! as always , we keep you up to date on all the new music that is coming out . some heavy weight artists such as madonna , alanis , steps , eagle eye cherry and cleopatra weigh in with new songs . - showtime - e-17 , cher and martine mccutcheon on air . who will be on showtime next ? coming up we have e-17 , cher , martine mccutcheon , jerry springer and kathy burke . showtime on air runs from monday till friday 7 . 30 - 8pm on 95 . 8 capital fm , showtime on-line is available 24 hours a day . tune in , log on or miss out . - how to be a dj - get tips from the top . our superstar djs give you tips on how to join their ranks at the top . this week chris tarrant gives you the inside scoop and on march 1 our very own dr . fox spills the beans . not to be missed if you want to get into radio . - eddie izzard - win tickets to his london show ' dressed to kill ' . watch the site next week for your chance to a free laugh . all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * do n't want to receive these e-mails ? click the following link to remove your address from our mailing list : http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement the best brewed beverage ! it 's different . . . it 's delicious and it could be yours - free ! because it 's non-alcoholic brewed beverage made from pure fruit and barley with a fresh new taste . so , click below an win a case now or phone the hotline to have bbsoda delivered directly to your door . http : / / capitalfm . com / bbsoda / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement on the piste ? fresh snow , packed powder or no snow at all ? find out by checking out the ski reports now ! with 180 resorts updated up to 3 times a day , you can always keep up to date with the ideal snow conditions . do n't take-off without taking it in ! http : / / capitalfm . com / cgi-bin 3 / webobjects / skiweather * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement do you think you can beat the music maestros that won in our last fantasy record label game ? here 's your chance to prove it and reap the rewards . our top twixter will walk away with an elonex webrider pc , so play the twix ' buddy up with the beat ' . hurry up , the sooner you start , the better your chances are of winning . http : / / www . fantasyrecordlabel . com
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 388,""Subject: get your business on the internet now ! !
  
  internet marketing starter kit = 20 an on - line marketing course = 20 get your business on the internet now ! ! have you thought about starting your own internet business ? do you like t = he idea of working when you want and = a0from the comfort of your own home ? = a0 = tired of = a0driving to a job that offers no real hope of financial independence ? = = a0it 's time to stop making your boss rich and start reaping the incredible profi = ts that are being made every day on the internet . = 20 there has never been a better time to start your own business . with the internet in it 's infancy the future is very bright for on line marketing . getting a business on the web is easy , but you need the tools ! that 's wh = at i provide . = 20 the = a0internet marketing starter kit is an online = a0marketing course that = provides everything you need to get started . it is different from any other marke = ting report you have seen . i walk you through each step you need to take to c = reate a successful on line business . from making a web page , getting it hosted = , writing ad copy to advertising it and bringing in the dough . = 20 this course is the result of over 25 years of sales and marketing for experience . = a0the past 3 1 / 2 years i have been on the internet looking a = t ways to make money . = a0i have used and a wide variety of marketing methods . i = n the end it all came down to this . you can have a terrific product but if no = one knows about it you will never get any customers . that 's what on-line marketing is all about , getting exposure for a product and making it easy = for the customer to buy from = a0you , = a0a = a0 = a0formula that is successful . = 20 all successful internet businesses have a few things in common . . . a ) a we = b site b ) a product = a0c ) a way to sell the product and d ) customers . = a0i = show you how each step of the way . = 20 this year more people will be buying goods and services on line that ever before ! you can have a website selling your products now ! = a0in this rev = ealing , step-by - step on-line marketing course . . . = 20 = 95you will learn how to get internet access for free . = 20 = 95you will learn how to create your own web site . = 20 = 95you will also learn where to get free software that makes it = a0easy to = publish your own site within minutes without extensive on line experience or comp = uter programming knowledge . = 20 = 95you will learn how and where to have your website hosted absolutely fr = ee . = 20 = 95you will learn where to get bulk email software absolutely free and ho = w to use those programs to promote your business . = 20 = 95you will learn where and how to advertise your products on the interne = t for free ! = 95you will learn how to create """" killer """" ad copy to turn the visito = rs to your page into paying customers . = 20 = 95you will learn how to get full versions of thousands of popular softwa = re titles so you can really evaluate them before you buy . = 20 = 95you will learn how to accept credit cards on line for your products w = ith no monthly fees , no credit check and no application or sign up fees . so sign = up for this course today and get on the fast track to profit on the internet = . = 20 here is what some graduates of the course have said . = 20 i = a0ordered the internet marketing starter kit 2 weeks ago . = a0after i fi = nished all the chapters and the web designing tutorial i published my website an = d promoted it using the methods in the course . = a0i was thrilled when order = s started coming in for our diet products business . the first day we advert = ised it i got three orders , the second day i got four . = a0this is great ! = a0th = anks for all your help . = a0 = 20 mike boles , ridgefield , conn . = 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i = a0especially liked the fact that i = a0could accept credit cards at my = a0 = website the = a0same day i = a0signed up for the service . = a0i = a0was turned down = a0by = = a0my = a0bank = a0for a = a0merchant account and did not want to commit to a = a0long term contract = of = a0 $ 59 a = a0month that another = a0service wanted . i am also saving over $ 20 a mont = h on internet = a0access = a0as i = a0now get it free . = a0i = a0was skeptical at first = but i = a0tried = a0it and its everything you = a0claim . = a0the best $ 79 i = a0ever = a0spent ! = 20 sharon ilkes , = a0hiawatha , kansas - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - do n't pass up this opportunity to take advantage of this incredible offer . when you order the starter kit you will receive the complete course in wr = itten form and the course on a 3 . 5 """" diskette . you also get access to a password protected web site where you can download the software you will need to publish your web site and promote it . = 20 = 95free internet access = 20 = 95free web building software = 20 = 95free web hosting = 20 = 95free bulk mail software = 20 = 95accept credit cards with . . = 20 no monthly fees ! = 20 no credit = a0check ! = 20 no sign - up fees ! = 20 = 95learn to write """" killer """" = a0ad copy ! = 20 = 95advertise your web site for free ! = 20 = 95free email = a0lists = 20 = 95step - by - step instructions = 20 = 95guaranteed to get results ! = a0 = 20 order now and receive this special bonus free ! ! ! = 20 order now and you will receive 250 , 000 fresh email addresses harvested fr = om an online service within the last 30 days . = a0you will get a username and a password to access the """" e - list """" from a secret web site with your internet marketing starter kit . = a0that 's not all ! = a0i will personally provide 30 = days of marketing and technical support via email = a0 ( i usually charge $ 90 per hou = r for consulting services . ) = a0 = 20 hold on to your seat there 's more ! you also get more than 100 money makin = g business reports . these reports each tell you about a specific business t = hat you can start . . you can even go into business selling these reports ! = 20 act now ! ! ! = 20 product name : internet marketing starter kit $ 39 . 95 = 20 you will receive your starter kit by us mail . = a0the kit includes . . . = 20 = 953 . 5 """" floppy disk containing the contents of the marketing course . = 20 = 95the complete course in written form . = 20 = 95your username and password to access the on-line course . = 20 rock solid money back guarantee = 20 your satisfaction guaranteed ! = a0if this information is not everything i = have said it is and more , i will provide a complete refund . = a0guaranteed to g = et results ! = a0i am so confident in the information i provide that if you ar = e not completely satisfied i will refund your money . = a0 = 20 you will not be disappointed , i guarantee it ! = 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cut here and mail - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - internet marketing starter kit order form - code kc1 to order by mail send $ 39 . 95 plus $ 4 . 95 s&h total $ 44 . 90 check or money o = rder payable to : = 20 tc schmidt , 4654 e . ave s , suite b-102 , palmdale , ca 93552 = 20 name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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 389,""Subject: read this ! !
  
  what have you done with your dreams ? as a member of our team , you can earn a 6 - figure income and travel for pennies on the dollar while working from home . make your vocation . . . . . . your vacation ! ! ! ! ! $ 100 , 000 + first year income * earn $ 2000 - $ 5000 weekly - - starting within 1 - 4 weeks ! * 78 % profit paid daily * no selling * work from home , no overhead , or employees * high tech training and support * not mlm , 100x more profitable * multitrillion dollar travel industry the most incredible part of our business is that all my clients call me ! ! this is not a hobby ! serious inquireies only call the number below for more information there is no obligation ! 24 hour toll free message ! 1-800 - 345-9688 ext 2058
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 390,""Subject: free gift catalog
  
  look no further if you want the perfect gift for somebody special . for free gift catalog e-mail your mailing address please pardon the intrusion . to be removed type in the subject : remove
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 391,""Subject: 
  
  need a photomask ? search no further . . . adtek photomask has been looking for you ! adtek is a photomask supplier that offers extended services and guarantees quality products at a competitive price . exrended services at adtek photomask . . . facilitating the photomask order process from the very beginning and promoting your understanding of the cad procedure this is our specialty and so , it is our priority ! eager to assist you in every possible way experienced in servicing universities worldwide adtek photomask meets all of your photomask needs . interested ? please reply to : serveu @ adtekphotomask . com please visit our web site : www . adtekphotomask . com
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 392,""Subject: view the hollander collection
  
  view the hollander collection t h e h o l l a n d e r c o l l e c t i o n f i v e a r t i s t s . o n e f a m i l y gino hollander . painting jim hollander . photography siri hollander . sculpture to view : http : / / www . hollanderart . com scott hollander . photography barbara hollander . writing
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 393,""Subject: new on capitalfm . com
  
  this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - b * witched - read the book extracts and win a signed copy ! - pop auctions - your chance to own a piece of pop history . - kavana - kav 's here to answer all your questions . - help a london child - donate online to join the fun . - london awards - vote for the city 's favourites . - new singles - the word on the latest new releases . - how to be a dj - pick up tips from the djs and win ! - millennium - the stars pick their favourite tunes ever . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - b * witched - read the book extracts and win a signed copy ! every week until its launch in april we have extracts from b * witched 's new book , with everything you could possibly want to know about edele , keavy , sinead and lindsay . come back each week to pick up your b * witched book tokens and you could win a signed copy ! - pop auctions - your chance to own a piece of pop history . 95 . 8 capital fm has teamed up with qxl , europe 's leading online auction house , to bring you exclusive pop memorabilia auctions to raise money for help a london child . right now you can join the frantic bidding for a watch from sheryl crow 's globe sessions tour . next up is a special 1998 life thru a lens tour t-shirt signed by the man of the moment , robbie williams . come to http : / / capitalfm . com and click the qxl icon in the right hand toolbar . - kavana - kav 's here to answer all your questions . you sent in virtual mountains of questions for kavana and he ' ll be here to answer the very best questions as his new album , ' instinct , ' is released . did he answer you . . . ? - help a london child - donate online to join the fun . halc is of course about helping london 's kids and we could n't do that without your support . you ' ll be able to donate online and keep check on the total amount raised for the big event . - london awards - vote for the city 's favourites . it 's that time of year again , and we need you to vote online for your favourites from the worlds of music , showbiz and sport . at the end of the month you ' ll be able to watch the winners live with our exclusive webcast from the ceremony . - new singles - the word on the latest new releases . we ' ll be taking our regular look at the very latest singles . this week we serve up new slices of pop from b * witched , manic street preachers , the beautiful south and the return of roxette . - how to be a dj - pick up tips from the djs and win ! each week a different 95 . 8 capital fm jock shares their secrets on how to get to the top , and we kick off with london 's favourite morning man , chris tarrant . read every week and you could win the chance to hang out in the studio with a dj ! - millennium - the stars pick their favourite tunes ever . 95 . 8 capital fm 's new show has a home on the web . every night the stars tell simon ross their favourite songs of the millennium and you can listen in online with our spectacular extravaganza . all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement fed up of paying a monthly subscription for your internet access ? ? ? """" breathe net , a leading isp , are pleased to announce that they have teamed up with capital radio , to give you free internet access . along with this you ' ll receive 5 free e-mail addresses , 10mb web space and technical support 24 hours a day , 365 days a year ( calls charged at 50p per minute ) . simply visit the capital radio internet cafe to pick up your free cd , go to : http : / / www . breathe . co . uk / breathenet to order on-line or telephone 0800 783 7439 to order your free cd . """" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement buying your new home has never been easier ! all you need to do is visit propertycapital . we have links with some of the best organisations so finding the right home has never been easier . watch carefully . . . there are many new features coming to propertycapital and prizes to be won ! http : / / capitalfm . com / propertycapital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement just a click away from paradise . . . save money on all your books , videos and cd s and computer games . we have a huge selection with great discounts on all your favourite titles all under one virtual roof - visit any one of the sites and just click onto the next . easy ! this week saw the video release of lock stock and 2 smoking barrels , one of the hottest british films to hit the screens last year . to get your copy at 20 % discount , click here . http : / / www . videoparadise . com happy shopping ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement you want to be a winner ? the competition zone - where everyone should go and where many have gone before . . . free holidays , cinema tickets , beer , beverages and weekend breaks . you still here ? well click below now and enter one of the fabulous competitions with prizes just waiting to be won . http : / / capitalfm . com / compzone / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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 394,""Subject: did you get your information yet ?
  
  a vacation just for you ! to the most exotic place on earth . . . . . . florida ! special online promotional vacation package is brought to you for a limited time only , so don ' t wait ! vist our website now for more information on price and package info . ( sorry , offer not available to travel agents for resale ) offer now available world wide ! ! ! for full details go to : http : / / 3438189349 / ma / nutty2 / trip . html ( must use internet explorer )
 "",1
 395,""Subject: strengthen your marriage or relationship
  
  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - increase your sexual potential - strengthen your marriage or relationship - increase lust and romance - better foreplay - exercises anyone can do - increase passion and desire - be able to have sex more times a day - satisfy your partners needs its time to put futher enjoyment into your life , time is limited so use it to its full pleasure . order our informational guide to strengthen your marriage or relationship for our print value of $ 9 . 00 . we will rush your guide to you within days of receiving your payment . ordering instructions are below . order by mail send payment to : k . c . smith 10 east louisiana evansville , in 47711 make sure to write your address twice to ensure delivery .
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 396,""Subject: get your bills under control with monthly bill manager 98 / 99
  
  look for a great program to get your bills under control . then look no futher , it is here and it 's called monthly bill manager 98 . download . com gives it most popular and top picks . review from zdnet ( 5 out of 5 stars ) monthly bill manager 98 is a personal-finance management system . it enables you to easily track your bills , payments , credit cards , \ loans , savings , and checking on a monthly basis . set your own groups to link bills , then budget your payments . the attractive interface offers lots of power , with a multipane window tabbed and indexed to put all of the controls at your fingertips . drag and drop payments into envelopes for the current month or preset your payments and transfers to minimize routine activities . you can choose from an editable icon library to mark your various accounts and payments . reports summarize your data to quickly show what your financial status is . the wizard-style setup sequence gets you up and running quickly by establishing your accounts , payments , and groups . on - line help , a text manual , sample data , and control tooltips provide assistance in learning the program features . if you need a powerhouse tool to track your bills and budgeting , take a look at monthly bill manager 98 . you can download the full working version and try it for 45 days . download monthly bill manager 98 http : / / www . mjksw . com / shareware / mbm98 . exe download monthly bill manager 99 ( beta ) http : / / www . mjksw . com / shareware / mbm99s . exe order it online at https : / / www . ecverify . com / ecverify / ssl / vendor / 111 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * order monthly bill manager 98 before april 1st and get monthly bill manager 99 free * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * marc a . hale mjk software writers , inc . http : / / www . mjksw . com marchale @ mjksw . com
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 397,""Subject: win a free trip to antigua
  
  win a free trip to antigua just by visiting our site http : / / www . kingscasino . com anitgua 's largest casino and # 1 entertainment center now offers online gambling . open over 10 years with over 3 million visitors . king 's casino is a real casino ; it 's not just in cyberspace . located in downtown antigua where the cruise ships dock . so next time in antigua visit us in person during your cruise or from your hotel . or now on-line so click here at http : / / www . kingscasino . com featuring the finest graphics and the most fun to play . to be removed from receiving any more information click here mailto : remove @ kingscasino . com
 "",1
 398,""Subject: come see the sunshine !
  
  a vacation just for you ! to the most exotic place on earth . . . . . . florida ! special online promotional vacation package is brought to you for a limited time only , so don ' t wait ! vist our website now for more information on price and package info . ( sorry , offer not available to travel agents for resale ) offer now available world wide ! ! ! for full details go to : http : / / % 361 % 36 % 340 % 35 % 36 % 365 @ 3438189349 / ak2 / robber9 / trip . html to be removed from these promotional mailings go to : http : / / % 361 % 36 % 340 % 35 % 36 % 365 @ 3438189349 / ak2 / robber9 / removepage . html
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 399,""Subject: new at capitalfm . com
  
  this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - another level - chat live with the group this tuesday ! - whitney houston - win whitney 's entire back catalogue . - b * witched - read the book extracts and win a signed copy . - latest bargains - pick up the very latest cds from only 9 . 99 . - westlife - ronan 's band go under the spotlight . - how to be a dj - pick up tips from the djs and win ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - another level - chat live with the group this tuesday ! there 's no stopping wayne , dane , bobak and mark . not only are they off on a uk tour in april and have a stream of fab new releases , they ' ll be here for a webchat on the evening of tuesday 23rd march . start thinking up your tough questions now ! - whitney houston - win whitney 's entire back catalogue . she 's the diva to end them all , and to celebrate the success of her fantastic album , ' my love is your love , ' we ' ll be offering you the chance to win all her albums ! this is the place for the very best prizes . - b * witched - read the book extracts and win a signed copy ! every week until its launch in april we have extracts from b * witched 's new book , with everything you could possibly want to know about edele , keavy , sinead and lindsay . come back each week to pick up your b * witched book tokens and you could win a signed copy ! - latest bargains - pick up the very latest cds from only 9 . 99 . we always have the best music at amazing prices , but sometimes we out do ourselves . you can pick up the latest albums from the likes of blur , britney spears , kula shaker and emilia from only 9 . 99 right here . - westlife - ronan 's band go under the spotlight . they ' ve barely begun but you know they ' re going to be huge . we tear the hottest new band away from ronan keating 's guiding hand and sit them under the spotlight for some probing , and frankly bizarre , questions . - how to be a dj - pick up tips from the djs and win ! each week a different 95 . 8 capital fm jock shares their secrets on how to get to the top , this week featuring everyone 's favourite evening host , james cannon . read every week and you could win the chance to hang out in the studio with a dj ! all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement want to see england play france this weekend ? imagine a full vip hospitality day at twickenham to see the clash of the titans on sat march 20th . we have a pair of tickets ( with unlimited hospitality ) to give away ! click on the link below and enter your details for your chance to win this once in a life-time package . http : / / capitalfm . com / englandvfrance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement fed up of paying a monthly subscription for your internet access ? ? ? """" breathe net , a leading isp , are pleased to announce that they have teamed up with capital radio , to give you free internet access . along with this you ' ll receive 5 free e-mail addresses , 10mb web space and technical support 24 hours a day , 365 days a year ( calls charged at 50p per minute ) . simply visit the capital radio internet cafe to pick up your free cd , go to : http : / / www . breathe . co . uk / breathenet to order on-line or telephone 0800 783 7439 to order your free cd . """" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement sore feet . . . heavy heart ? forget patrolling the high street looking for the best property deals . property broker lets you sit at home , work or wherever you have access to the internet and browse hundreds of properties , at your leisure ! so , get connected with the best . . . http : / / www . propertybroker . co . uk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement you want to be a winner ? the competition zone - where everyone should go and where many have gone before . . . free holidays , cinema tickets , beer , beverages and weekend breaks . you still here ? well click below now and enter one of the fabulous competitions with prizes just waiting to be won . http : / / capitalfm . com / compzone / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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 400,""Subject: search no more for . . . credibility ! ! !
  
  what have you done with your dreams ? as a member of our team , you can earn a 6 - figure income and travel for pennies on the dollar while working from home . make your vocation . . . . . . your vacation ! ! ! ! ! $ 100 , 000 + first year income * earn $ 2000 - $ 5000 weekly - - starting within 1 - 4 weeks ! * 78 % profit paid daily * no selling * work from home , no overhead , or employees * high tech training and support * not mlm , 100x more profitable * multitrillion dollar travel industry the most incredible part of our business is that all my clients call me ! ! this is not a hobby ! serious inquireies only call the number below for more information there is no obligation ! 24 hour toll free message ! 1-800 - 345-9688 ext 2050
 "",1
 401,""Subject: stocks on the move !
  
  pdc innovative industries inc . ( symbol pdci ) , otc bulletin board is prepared for a big move says stock market analysts . recently reverse split 40 for 1 and currently trading at 4 dollars per share . if the stock hits 3 split level the price could easily hit 10 to 12 dollars per share . pdci recently announces major news concerning production and sales projections . for more info check dow jones historical new .
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 402,""Subject: ez finance
  
  we never send e-mail unsolicited . if you want to unsubscribe you from our listing , send e-mail to tiamo @ looksmart . com with the subject . ez finance mortgage and loan call 808-942 - 2224 or stop by http : / / www . mortgage2u . com / good credit bad credit o . k do n't worry about your credit . we will get you money to start new .
 "",1
 403,""Subject: * time share *
  
  * time share * in beautiful british columbia , canada studio apartment * for sale * the owner of this beautiful condo time share has decided to sell to the public one of his personal time shares in canada . this offer will not last for ever so please act now , go to http : / / www . maxcyber . net / grande . htm to see it . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this time share can be used as a investment or any thing under the sun . the value of it is over $ 7 , 500 . the owner only wants $ 2 , 600 please remember that you pay only once and enjoy it for life time . so go on and visit , this opportunity might pass you buy , if you do n't act now ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * http : / / www . maxcyber . net / grande . htm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ this message was composed by a cybermailagent service . if you wish to be removed from this advertiser 's future mailings , please reply with the subject """" remove """" and this service will automatically block you from their future mailings . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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 404,""Subject: requested
  
  international driver ' s license need a new driver 's license ? too many points or other trouble ? want a license that can never be suspended or revoked ? want id for nightclubs or hotel check-in ? avoid tickets , fines , and mandatory driver 's education . protect your privacy , and hide your identity . the united nations gave you the privilege to drive freely throughout the world ! ( convention on international road traffic of september 19 , 1949 & world court decision , the hague , netherlands , january 21 , 1958 ) take advantage of your rights . order a valid international driver 's license that can never be suspended or revoked . confidentiality assured . call now ! ! ! 1-937 - 586-9313
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 405,""Subject: offering closes march 31 , 1999
  
  offering closes march 31 , 1999 this announcement is not an offer to sell nor a solicitation of an offer to buy these securities . the offering is made only by the prospectus . net world marketing , inc . 10 , 000 , 000 common shares _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ price $ 0 . 10 per share _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ copies of the prospectus may be obtained directly from the company . copies of the prospectus may be obtained only in such states where the offering may be legally distributed . net world marketing , inc . 400 n . woodlawn , suite 18 wichita , ks 67208 tel : ( 800 ) 992-6616 fax : ( 316 ) 688-0998
 "",1
 406,""Subject: wow . . . this is incredible !
  
  a vacation just for you ! to the most exotic place on earth . . . . . . florida ! special online promotional vacation package is brought to you for a limited time only , so don ' t wait ! vist our website now for more information on price and package info . ( sorry , offer not available to travel agents for resale ) offer now available world wide ! ! ! for full details go to : http : / / 3438189349 / al / blackkeys / trip5 . html
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 407,""Subject: new at http : / / capitalfm . com
  
  this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - help a london child - do n't miss the fun this weekend ! - cranberries - win tickets and check out the new album . - lovestation - we take you inside their studio . - sneak peek - check out tomorrow 's hits today . - roxette - per and marie go under the spotlight . - b * witched - read the book extracts and win a signed copy . - how to be a dj - pick up tips from the djs and win ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - help a london child - do n't miss the fun this weekend ! easter weekend is help a london child weekend and you can keep up with all the action at capitalfm . com and donate online . the auctions , the events , the stars and our incredible totalizer which will show the amount raised so far . - cranberries - win tickets and check out the new album . they ' re back with a new album ' bury the hatchet ' - we take a look and give you the chance to order your copy now . plus the chance to win tickets to see the band play live . - lovestation - we take you inside their studio . lovestation are in the studio starting work on their debut album . we take you behind the scenes to find out what really goes on the other side of pop 's closed doors in the first of our exclusive reports . - sneak peek - check out tomorrow 's hits today . every week we serve up the latest new singles for you to check out and now we ' re going one better . you can now check out the best singles due to be released in the weeks ahead and vote on your tip for the top . - roxette - per and marie go under the spotlight . the swedish duo have a new album out and we subject them to a torrent of questions in our weekly under the spotlight series . can you guess who their favourite muppet is . . . ? - b * witched - read the book extracts and win a signed copy ! every week until its launch in april we have extracts from b * witched 's new book , with everything you could possibly want to know about edele , keavy , sinead and lindsay . come back each week to pick up your b * witched book tokens and you could win a signed copy ! - how to be a dj - pick up tips from the djs and win ! each week a different 95 . 8 capital fm jock shares their secrets on how to get to the top , this week featuring the man whose finger never leaves the pulse of news , howard hughes . read every week and you could win the chance to hang out in the studio with a dj ! all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement win tickets to the uefa semi-final - courtesy of mastercard as official sponsors of the uefa champions league , mastercard is offering the chance of a lifetime . . . you could win a pair of tickets to see the clash of the titans - manchester utd v juventus at old trafford on wednesday april 7th . the cream of the continent 's footballing dynasties has been narrowed down , so be prepared for a showdown ! click below to enter now ! http : / / capitalfm . com / mastercard / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement bb in the spotlight . . . starring four juicy flavours spreading across the country in a mission to quench the thirst of millions . bbsoda is delicious , 100 % naturally brewed , 100 % full of flavour , packed with taste and you could win a crate free ! click below for a preview . bbsoda - coming soon to a tv screen near you . . . http : / / capitalfm . com / bbsoda / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement bid for charity in the run up to easter weekend , capital fm is building up fundraising activity for the annual help a london child appeal . as part of the activity , we have put together some fantastic auction packages which you can bid online for . these include hospitality at crystal palace fc and london scottish rugby club , trips to see the big breakfast and a very special double platinum award , as presented to b * witched , signed by the band . all of the money bid by you will go to help a london child , thanks in advance for your continued support . you can bid on any of these items and more by visiting : http : / / www . qxl . com / vendors / radio / halc / halc . shtml _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement you want to be a winner ? the competition zone - where everyone should go and where many have gone before . . . free holidays , cinema tickets , beer , beverages and weekend breaks . you still here ? well click below now and enter one of the fabulous competitions with prizes just waiting to be won . http : / / capitalfm . com / compzone / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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 408,""Subject: adv : """" free download """" register your web site on over 800 + search engines """" instanly """"
  
  this is a responsible email being sent by k . m . a . 4401 vineland road , orlando fl 32811 tel . ( 407 ) 422-6784 . email remove @ mrmailer . com the above statement complies with section 301 requirements relating to transmissions of unsolicited commercial electronic mail . to remove your name from our mailing list immediately , please refer to the statement at the bottom of this message . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = """" free download """" . register your web site to over 800 + search engines """" instantly """" . version # 4 . 3b just released i would like to inform you about a new , and exciting award winning product that will save you both countless hours , and increase your exposure on the internet immeasurably ! known as the submission wizard , our program offers web users such as yourself the ability to automatically submit your site to over 800 + search engines in just one session . select from different categories , even countries , the choice is yours . the submission process is very simple , efficient , and most importantly , fast . all you do is provide standard site information ( i . e . site name , address , description , and a few well chosen keywords ) . the submission wizard takes this information and changes it into the format required by each different engine , then registers your web site . it 's that simple ! in addition , the wizard 's database of search engines and directories is constantly being updated every week , thus giving your site fresh and relevant exposure . also , the wizard allows you to register multiple url 's . just imagine the possibilities ! take charge of your web exposure . try out the submission wizard demo free by following the provided hyperlink . we know you ' ll be as excited about it as we are ! for your free download visit our site at http : / / www . powersubmitter . com = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = promoteone . . . get to # 1 on the search engines new publication . one of the most frequently asked questions is , """" how do i get my site listed to the top of the search engines ? """" ( i . e . , yahoo , excite , infoseek , webcrawler , hotbot , lycos , & altavista ) here is the answer : now available is """" the step by step guide to successfully promoting a web site , """" which has been designed to teach you everything you need to know about each of the major search engines . this information is valuable to know before you request search engines to add your web site to . by combining the information you learn from """" the guide """" and by using the incredible power and flexibility of submission wizard to actually list your web site , you are well on your way to making the investment in a web presence pay off . what most people do n't realize when they try to list their web site with search engines is that each one has it 's own way of doing things . what you know ahead of time could make the difference between finding your site or not . for more information on this book please visit http : / / www . powersubmitter . com and go to our link marked """" how to get to the top of the search engines . """" for further details . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = thank you for your time , and good luck with your web promotion . d . reynolds customer services . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - we are currently consolidating our many mailing lists and need to update our databases . our records indicate that you may have inquired in the past . if this is not the case , please reply with """" remove """" in the subject field to never receive email offers from this vendor .
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 409,""Subject: free copy of """" selling it products to the government marketplace """"
  
  hi , over 100 , 000 sales professionals have read our informative white paper report """" selling it products and services to the government marketplace """" . this is a free report . there are no ifs , ands or buts , it 's free . now i ' m announcing the completion of the updated and new report . just call me at 1-800 - 537-3786 and receive information on how to get the report on the internet within 5 minutes , at no cost and no obligation . i hope you enjoy it . feel free to forward this message to other interested parties . thank you , john raymond executive vice president ps : my research shows that this information is of interest to you . if you prefer , place """" remove """" in the subject line and you will be promptly removed . sorry for the inconvenience .
 "",1
 410,""Subject: we created this just for you !
  
  a vacation just for you ! to the most exotic place on earth . . . . . . florida ! special online promotional vacation package is brought to you for a limited time only , so don ' t wait ! vist our website now for more information on price and package info . ( sorry , offer not available to travel agents for resale ) offer now available world wide ! ! ! for full details go to : http : / / 3438189349 / ak2 / pic73 / trip . html for removal from our mailing list please go to : http : / / 3438189349 / ak2 / pic73 / removepage . html
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 411,""Subject: financial freedom while your sleeping
  
  dear achiever , are you interested in a new online business ? a new company has put together a very unique and powerful high - tech on-line recruiting system . this system is so powerful it is protected under u . s . copyright laws . you have never seen a powerful high tech recruiting system like this ! sign up new members direct from your own state-of - the-art free web site . your time is valuable so i ' ll be direct and to the point : you have - no products to sell . - no personal sponsoring required . - no meetings . - no distributor kits to buy . - free internet web site ! - automated online recruiter . - commited upline . - one customer - you ! if you do nothing it will happen . if you do something it will happen even faster ! for more information , send e-mail to : 1hottbiz @ angelfire . com and put """" interested """" in the subject . you will receive more free information by return mail . thanks for bearing with me . i do believe that this information is worth it ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ this message was composed using extractor pro ' 98 bulk e - mail software . if you wish to be removed from this advertiser 's future mailings , please reply with the subject """" remove """" and this software will automatically block you from their future mailings .
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 412,""Subject: scitech international , inc . - your resource for scientific , engineering and technical software
  
  hello , welcome to scitech international , your source for more than 2 , 000 of the most popular and some of the most obscure tools for scientific , engineering , education , and technical computing . if you wish to be removed from this list , please let us know immediately . we would be happy to do so . whether you ' re interested in astronomy or zoology , we can almost guarantee that you ' ll find at least one tool that will satisfy your needs . please check out our web site : http : / / www . scitechint . com you can browse our web site and do full text keyword searches of all the information in our product database . some products can be purchased online . we have over 100 different downloadable demos on our site to help you to make the right choice for your applications . if you can't find a product - or if you find the choice overwhelming - be sure to drop us an e-mail to info @ scitechint . com , or pick up the phone ( 7 : 00 am to 6 : 00 pm u . s . central time ) and call our technical sales department for help at 1 . 773 . 486 . 9191 ( international ) or 1 . 888 . 462 . 6232 ( domestic ) . we ' re not trying to win any awards for the most fun or exciting web site . what we are trying to do is to build the ultimate database information about the best scientific and engineering software products available , and keep it up-to - date . if you are a scientist , engineer , or educator , be sure to bookmark the scitech internet catalog today . one final word about scitech . we do n't write software or manufacture hardware - service is our product . our goal , plain and simple , is to get you the right product , quickly , at the best price . best regards , christian staudinger senior product manager scitech international , inc . phone : 773-486 9191 / ext . 252 web : http : / / www . scitechint . com
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 413,""Subject: adv : y2k . . . pristine , remote wilderness acreage .
  
  the perfect get-a - way is just a click away . . . http : / / www . envst100 . com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - note : we mail to people whom we feel are interested in what we have to offer and do not allow anyone else to use our list . once in a while we ' ll notify you of web sites , products , services and promotions that could be of special interest to you . we respect your right to privacy . if you do not wish to receive these notices and prefer never to hear from us , simply click on the link provided and put remove in the subject line mailto : tmedia1 @ idmail . com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - error - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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 414,""Subject: the inside scoop !
  
  this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - australia - chris tarrant and crew down under . - geri - hear the new single ! - beautiful south - we take you to the gig . - dj winner - we have one lucky winner who will meet a dj . - another level - win tickets , special offers and live review . - backstreet boys - end of the century record . - the cardigans - win tickets and pick up some good deals . - martin collins - takes you on a video tour . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - australia - chris tarrant and crew down under . the breakfast show are in australia . follow their antics and enter to win a trip to the biggest millennium party ever - right in sydney harbour . - geri - hear the new single ! the 5th former spice is back and her new single is called ' look at me ' . be the first to hear it by listening to the breakfast show on friday the 16th . but if you miss it , you can always check it out on the site later that day . - beautiful south - we take you to the gig . another installment of our live reviews series . this time beautiful south are playing live and we ' ll be right there . - dj winner - we have one lucky winner who will meet a dj ! we ' ve been running a series with dj tips on how to make it to the top . next week we ' ll announce the lucky winner who will sit in during a show in our studios . find out if you ' re the lucky one ! - another level - win tickets ! another level are finally playing live and you could be there in person ! come to the site for your chance to win ! - backstreet boys - end of the century record . they are back to rule the end of the century with ' millennium ' . the first single from the album is out now and we have all the inside info on the boys . - the cardigans - win tickets and pick up some good deals . the swedish band are in london and we have tickets to give away for their gig at the albert hall . do n't miss out on your chance to be there in person . - martin collins - takes you on a video tour . martin collins will take you around the home of capital radio , leicester square . now a tourist mecca , the square has gone through some drastic changes over the years . make sure to tune in and get your personal tour . all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement an interview with bill gates [ . tv ] invites you to spend an hour with bill gates on saturday 17th april at 7 . 00pm . join us for an exclusive interview with the founder of the microsoft empire . to find out about this and other [ . tv ] programmes visit the website of ' the technology channel ' @ http : / / www . tvchannel . co . uk * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement the chance in a millennium ! you could win the chance to be in sydney for the biggest millennium party ever ! a week in sydney and then a week up the gold coast taking in the atmosphere ( and fosters lager of course ) . so what are you waiting for ? find the hidden treasure and you could be aboard a cathay pacific flight for the party of a lifetime ! ! http : / / capitalfm . com / fostralia1 / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement how much would you pay . . . . . . for a boyzone album signed by the band ? time to empty the piggy bank and grab this exclusive piece of pop memorabilia now ! this signed album is only on offer until friday 16th april . click on the qxl icon in the right hand toolbar and get bidding . all the money goes to help a london child . http : / / capitalfm . com / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement ruck and roll is here to stay ! as the rugby world cup gets closer by the second and the teams 's crum down ' for the biggest rugby event of the year , scrum . com has the latest on the greatest . with all the information every rugby fan / player needs to know , scrum . com gears up for the biggest tournament yet ! click the link below and keep in touch . . . http : / / www . scrum . com /
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 415,""Subject: junk mail : books for linguists
  
  plurabelle books has a new catalogue of second hand and out of print books in linguistics and history of linguistics available . it contains 250 titles . please ask for your free copy of the catalogue ( please include your mailing address if you want a paper copy ) or visit us on the net http : / / www . plurabelle . co . uk / lingu . htm or write to dr michael cahn plurabelle books 77 garden walk cambridge cb4 3ew tel 0044 - 1223 - 366680 , fax - 571105 lingu @ plurabelle . co . uk we only sell books we would like to read open anytime at http : / / www . plurabelle . co . uk
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 416,""Subject: adv : get paid to surf the net ! ( 8820 )
  
  earn while you learn ! call toll - free 1-877 - 271-4562 authorization code : lb100 we are looking for people who would like to get paid for starting their own business on the world wide web . if you are like millions of other families , you have already considered making money on the internet , but were afraid to spend $ 3000 . 00 to $ 4000 . 00 just to get started ! the simple truth is , as one of the fastest growing internet service providers ( isp ) on the web , we get paid for generating traffic . the more traffic , the more money , more traffic , more money and so on . you pick the business you would like to start , and we will provde all the tools and secrets to earning the kind of money you have only heard about . if you do n't have a business in mind , we have one for you ! we pay 15 % to 75 % for every referral you generate ? did you know most poeple want to sit at their computer and earn money ? do you know anyone , who would n't work for themselves if the money were right ? do you know anyone who does n't have less than $ 100 . 00 to start his or her own busness ? the internet is still just in the infancy stage , where anything will sell with the right marketing strategies . our program is specifically designed for beginners , looking for step-by - step instruction for internet profits ! you get : free internet access ( up to 56k connection ) free web site and hosting ( s ) free html and cgi programs for custom built sites ! free programs and software ! plus free advertising for the next 12 months . now here is the key : knowledge is the key to success , which is why you receive all of these products and services for free ! all you pay is $ 97 . 00 which will include the next 12 strategies , marketing solutions , and personal consultation . while the internet changes very quickly , so does the effectiveness of your advertising efforts , although some secrets remain constant , certainly the most important protocols do change . this could mean the difference between being listed as # 1 to # 32 , 567 on the search engines . have you ever seen # 32 , 567 on the search engines ? well , neither does anyone else ! the real question : """" are you willing to spend thirty minutes a day workin for yurself ? """" we are so confident you will start earning immediate income , we gurarantee it . if you are not earning income within the first 45 days of using this program , return everything with the first 60 days to recive a complete refund . you have nothing to lose , and everything to gain . tor order call toll-free 1-877 - 271-4562 live operators are waiting to take your call in interested in becoming a distributor , call toll-free 1-888 - 883-7086 . save the trees ! advertise via email - - the way to the new millenium delete with one easy keystroke . thank you ! this mailing is being done by an independent advertising company . we apologize if this message has reached you in errorclick here to be removed * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 90397
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 417,""Subject: welcome to jokes internet magazine - cn : 80924609220
  
  confirmation number : 80924609220 if you wish to subscribe to jokes free daily ezine please press reply and then send for confirmation ( please make sure you leave the confirmation line : """" confirmation number : [ number ] """" above in the email ! ! ) the above confirmation number line ( including the label confirmation number : ) must be left in the return message for our robot to process . if you have signed up in error or someone else has attemped to sign you up , please either ignore this email or type """" cancel """" in the subject heading of a reply to this message and press send . you will then be removed from our records . you should receive your first issue shortly . enter the jokes4u $ 100 , 000 sweepstakes and you can be that much richer ! ! ! hurry up and enter today before the big drawing ! ! ! no purchase necessary - no strings attached ! ! ! http : / / www . jokes4u . com / sweepstakes . html http : / / www . jokes4u . com / sweepstakes . html note you will never be charged for jokes4u , and we will never give or sell your address to anyone . please note by replying to this message you are agreeing with our disclaimer : jokes4u is not liable for the content in each issue . you should be of mature age in order to receive this ezine ! please note . this confirmation was sent because it was requested by someone at ip : 141 . 85 . 99 . 7 claiming to be you . if you did not ask to subscribe to this magazine then please email abuse @ jokes4u . com . regards john jokes4u magazine
 "",1
 418,""Subject: april vip specials from legend micro , inc .
  
  vip customer specials - april 20 legend micro inc . toll free - 1-800 - 745-4945 3200 south arlington road local - 330-644 - 7955 akron , oh 44312 fax - 330-645 - 7183 http : / / www . legendmicro . com / email - sales @ legendmicro . com * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * april vip specials * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * cybervision c70 17 """" monitors - 3 year warranty - $ 219 save $ 10 off of regular retail web price . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - phoenix voodoo banshee 16mb 3d video cards - $ 89 save $ 10 off of regular retail web price . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - motherboard kits save $ 15 off of regular retail web price . bcm 440bx atx motherboard w / processor and 64mb pc100 memory . intel celeron intel pentium ii 366mhz $ 259 350mhz $ 339 400mhz $ 289 400mhz $ 449 intel pentium iii 450mhz $ 614 500mhz $ 839 shuttle hot591p at motherboard w / processor and 64mb pc100 memory . amd k6 - 2 350 $ 224 amd k6 - 2 400 $ 254 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - please mention this email special when ordering to recieve this special vip pricing
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 419,""Subject: you have been asked to join bancuri
  
  the list owner of : """" bancuri """" has invited you to join their mailing list at listbot . you must reply to this message to join the list . = = simply reply with a blank message to join . = = the list owner has included the following welcome message : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = vrei sa primesti in fiecare zi un e-mail cu cel mai tare banc al zilei ? tot ce trebuie sa faci , este sa te inscrii la lista de bancuri a celui mai tare site in domeniu : http : / / bancuri . hypermart . net vrei sa razi ? vrei sa te simti bine ? esti trist ? ti se pare ca nimic nu merge cum trebuie ? vino la adresa de mai sus si nu vei regreta . tarif 3 zambete / minut . web master = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = this verification message is used to confirm that we are able to send you mail , and protects you in case someone forges a subscription request in your name . if you believe this was a forged subscription request , ignore this message and you will not be added to the mailing list . if you are having problems using the reply function in your e-mail client , the address to respond to is : v - 8ea7f93f5be42d59 @ listbot . com listbot puts you in control , letting you manage all of your list subscriptions from a single web site . visit http : / / www . listbot . com / cgi-bin / subscriber if you wish to unsubscribe or manage your list subscription for this or other listbot lists . visit this list 's home page at : http : / / bancuri _ glume . listbot . com thanks ! sincerely , the listbot team part of the linkexchange family at http : / / www . linkexchange . com /
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 420,""Subject: a vacation just for you !
  
  for full details go to : http : / / 3480473412 / web22b5f / trip . html to the most exotic place on earth . . . . . . florida ! special online promotional vacation package isbrought to you for a limited time only , so don ' t wait ! vist our website now for more information on price and package info . ( sorry , offer not available to travel agents for resale ) offer now available world wide ! ! ! for full details go to : http : / / 3480473412 / web22b5f / trip . html
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 421,""Subject: new at capitalfm . com
  
  this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - fierce - the hottest r&b girls chat online next wednesday . - texas - a massive competition and awesome bargains . - hot offers - save a fortune on the newest releases . - another level - we report from their soulful live shows . - wired for sound - we surf for the best music on the web . - winning lines - win mariah carey videos in our weekly comp . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - fierce - the hottest r&b girls chat online next wednesday . the newest r&b sensation are already hitting the charts with their second single ' dayz like that ' and the trio will be here at 6 . 30pm on wednesday 5th may to chat live . get your searching questions ready for the friendly fierce and pop in ! - texas - a massive competition and awesome bargains . their much anticipated new album ' the hush ' is out soon and we ' ve got a texas extravaganza to celebrate . you could win signed copies or a mysteriously spectacular first prize , pre-order the album for only 11 . 99 and pick up their classics from only 7 . 99 . - hot offers - save a fortune on the newest releases . it 's a great week to pick up some bargains , as we round up the latest albums from 11 . 99 . scoop up new music from the likes of the pretenders , ace of bass , electronic and ben folds five or check out our parade of the best compilation albums . - another level - we report from their soulful live shows . it 's hard to believe , but the guys get more sexy and swinging with each new release . having offered you the chance to win tickets to their concerts we report back on the event so no one misses out . - wired for sound - we surf for the best music on the web . we crank up the volume and track down what 's hot on the musical web . from realaudio to mp3 , from alanis morissette to the beastie boys , we root out exclusive sounds and the future of music . - winning lines - win mariah carey videos in our weekly comp . every week we have a new set of lyrics for you to ponder . if you can tell us which song they come from you could win a wonderful prize . in our prize cupboard right now are mariah carey videos and dvds and they could be yours . all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement cash chaos today at www . beeb . com * win every hour * """" congratulations , you are the lucky winner of 500 this hour in cash chaos at beeb . com """" . to be in with a chance of receiving this email make sure you go to www . beeb . com from 12pm - 9pm wednesday 28th april . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement the latest on the greatest with uefa and mastercard keep a close eye on the uefa champions league site and check out the latest news on the games , teams and players . don t miss out on the greatest football spectacular in europe . click below now ! http : / / capitalfm . com / mastercard / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement you want to be a winner ? the competition zone - where everyone should go and where many have gone before . . . free holidays , cinema tickets , beer , beverages and weekend breaks . you still here ? well click below now and enter one of the fabulous competitions with prizes just waiting to be won . http : / / capitalfm . com / compzone / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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 422,""Subject: re : major acquisition !
  
  company : mark i industries symbol : mkii price : 7 / 8 ( $ . 875 / share ) mkii will be completing the acquisition of a major restaurant franchise system with over 40 units . management projects a $ 100 million revenue goal with """" the company 's stock to trade in the $ 4 range . """" mkii is rated an immediate and """" strong buy """" . * click on the following website address or cut and paste it into your website browser : http : / / money . go . com / quote ? ticker = mkii
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 423,""Subject: webmining
  
  free white paper on data mining web data : http : / / www . webminer . com / paper . htm
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 424,""Subject: angels - sent to serve mankind
  
  learn to put angels to work ! angels are another race of beings occupying the same space and time as mankind . you can command angels to keep your children safe , to cause money to come into your hands , to protect your property , and to protect you from disease and disaster ! you may find this hard to believe , but i can prove it ! angels are exceedingly strong and of superior intelligence . their history and present mission are plainly described in the bible . they will serve and protect you , but you must take a few minutes to learn how to put them to work . to receive , via e-mail , secrets of putting angels to work in your life , send $ 4 . 00 ( cash , check or money order ) to northeastern associates , po box 278 , woburn , ma 01801 . please include a slip of paper along with your $ 4 . 00 requesting secrets of putting angels to work in your life and including your name , e-mail address and street address ( in case the e-mail should bounce for some reason ) . you owe it to yourself , and to your family , to understand and to put into practice the secrets of putting angels to work in your life ! these secrets have radically improved the life of everyone who has dared to put them into practice !
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 425,""Subject: lucky you !
  
  congratulations ! you ' ve been selected to enter for a vacation adventure to florida ! for a limited time we bring to you the vacation of a lifetime to promote tourism in florida ! and you ' re the lucky one who might get to take it ! do n't waste time wondering if you ' ll make it , just go for it ! not everyone who registers will qualify ! all names are kept confidential , and never sold in lists . click below to secure your name today ! http : / / 3498702899 / travel22 pleasen reply to : mailto : remlst @ 2bmail . co . uk to be removed from this list ! have a great day !
 "",1
 426,""Subject: review any book , pc or mac software pgm , consumer products and keep them !
  
  we are celebrating our 50th issue of our inet reviews newsletter inet reviews weekly news brief may 7 , 1999 contents : oklahomans pick up the pieces , count the cost book , software , & consumer product reviewers needed top on-line editions of national magazines best seller book list some interesting articles in on-line magazines hot web sites , topics & trends webmaster free link offer need marketing reps - use your computer to earn referral income new web camera site this is a trial issue of our free opt-in weekly newsletter . the purpose of this eclectic newsletter is to alert you to interesting news and information on the web . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - item # 01 : inet reviews needs book , software , consumer product and movie reviewers . you may request any product to review and we have the publisher or manufacturer ship it to your home at no charge . you write a brief review and post it to our web site and you keep the review title . we also need individuals to receive free movie review passes to your local theater to review new movies . for your free reviewer information kit please reply to this email message or to karicohen @ iname . com with the words starter 507b in the message subject line . lead stories oklahomans pick up the pieces , count the cost death toll could double ; survivors sift through rubble and get ready to rebuild | photo essay www . time . com shadow in the shallows the navy 's next nuclear submarine will lurk stealthily offshore , using advanced sensors and weaponry to attack land targets . and it does n't need a periscope www . popsci . com if you like this article , you must read sherry sontag 's blind man 's bluff - the untold story of american submarine espionage . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - item # 02 : top on-line editions of national magazines . time magazine www . time . com fortune magazine www . fortune . com business week www . businessweek . com people magazine www . people . com popular science www . popsci . com usa today www . usatoday . com visit these great magazine sites and bookmark them . check each every few days and save yourself a ton of money by not buying them from the newsstand . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - item # 03 www . amazon . com best seller list - fiction 1 . the girl who loved tom gordon by stephen king 2 . a new song by jan karon 3 . hart 's war : a novel by john katzenbach 4 . the best american short stories of the century by john updike ( introduction ) , et al 5 . bittersweet by danielle steel as a reviewer for inet reviews you may request any book and keep it after you post a brief review to our web site . inet reviews is one of the largest review web sites on the internet . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - item # 04 - interesting articles on the web how the internet hits big music www . fortune . com addicted to sex - www . fortune . com unmasking black holes jean - pierre lasota evidence for black holes was until recently all circumstantial . distinguishing them at a distance from other highly compact , gravitationally massive bodies such as neutron stars is inherently problematic . now astronomers may have direct proof : energy is vanishing from volumes of space without a trace . scientific american http : / / www . sciam . com / 1999 / 0599issue / 0599gonzalez . html - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - item # 05 : hot web sites , trends & topics go to www . hotbot . com they have an mpc search engine . way ahead of the other search engines in this area . mp3 is the fastest growing segment of the web site . what is mp3 ? this is a new file compression that is the standard for compressing music on the internet . it gives you near cd - quality music that you can download . the music publishers hate it with a passion are trying to do everything they can to squash it . so you must get a inexpensive cd-rom writer ( $ 199 after rebate at www . compusa . com ) and start downloading your favorite tunes and making your own mix a copy them down to your own cd . i have a cable modem and can download them fast and have currently created 15 audio cd 's with my favorite tunes . no longer do you have to lay out $ 15 for a cd to get one good song and 11 other fillers . if you have a neat web site that you wish to share with our readers , send it to kristen @ fastermail . com with the single word webpick in the message subject line and the name of the web site and the exact url or web site address in the message body . we will give you a byline under your pick if we use it in an issue of this newsletter . webmasters only : we will pay you a $ 3 . 00 referral fee and put your link on three of our very high traffic web sites . reply to this email with the word uplink in the message subject line . we will email you the complete details . earn referral income with your home computer we have a referral program where you can use your home computer to generate significant monthly referral income . reply to this email with the single word income in the message subject line . we will send you complete information . new web cam site firm is placing a web cam in the homes of three young women . this is not an xxx site but just a web cam site . if you would like a free preview please reply to this email message with the word hidden in the message subject line . we will email you instructions on how to get your free preview . if you cannot reply to our email message for any reason , please send a sase to inet reviews , 6050 peachtree parkway , suite 240-238 , norcross , ga 30092 , attn : starter kit desk . your free review starter kit will be mailed the day we receive your self addressed stamped envelope . * * * * * * * * * * * * * end of inet reviews * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this is an opt-in short weekly newsletter designed to alert you to some mainstream news aspects of the internet and an eclectic mix of interesting web topics , trends & topics . to be removed from our email database please email a message to karicohen @ iname . com with the single word remove in the message subject line . our software will remove your email address from our database . this is an opt-in newsletter trial issue . we do add all remove request to our local remove database .
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 427,""Subject: stock market information for you
  
  sender : trinity ventures , inc . address : 1911 westmead # 2710 , houston , tx 7707 call or fax toll free : 877-393 - 7237 hours : 9 am to 5 pm cst hi , we received your e-mail address as someone who is interested in stock market information . this e-mail is for informational purposes only . it is not an offer to sell or solicit securities . if you do not wish to receive this type of information , please click on """" reply """" and put """" remove """" in the subject . we will permanently remove your address from our database . to get more news and to help with your due diligence on abrg , go to www . yahoo . com and click on """" stock quotes """" . then put abrg in the symbol lookup area and click on """" get quotes """" . happy investing ! - dean casias president trinity ventures , inc . news release ambra resources group inc . # 610-800 west pender street vancouver , b . c . canada v6c 2v6 symbol abrg ( otc : bb ) acquisition of venture oil & gas , inc . by ambra resources group inc . adds new projects for ambra vancouver , british columbia - may 4 , 1999 ambra resources group inc . ( otc bb : abrg ) , has acquired 50 % ownership of venture oil & gas , inc . ambra will become a 50 % owner in the properties and projects in which venture has an interest . the consideration for ambra 's purchase of 50 % of the capital stock of venture inc . will be one million shares of ambra common stock . as part of this acquisition , venture will assign to ambra , 50 % of its interest in the bastian bay field prospect , state lease """" 9800 """" no . 1 well , in plaquemines parish , louisiana . additional projects will be assigned to ambra by venture as ambra shall have the right at any time to request assignments of 50 % of any or all interests retained by venture in various projects . the primary business of ventures inc . is to acquire oil and gas properties on which re-mediation or re-completion work will result in enhanced recovery rates that will bring the wells back to commercial production . current economic conditions in the petroleum industry facilitate the acquisition of very good properties which larger producing companies have declared as surplus properties . ambra and venture inc . are in the favorable position of being able to acquire such properties while the inventory of such offerings is at high levels . venture is currently negotiating the acquisition of multiple oil and gas projects in texas , louisiana and oklahoma , which the parties anticipate will add significantly to ambra 's resource base of productive projects . by the board of directors john m . hickey , president contact : ambra resources group inc . investor relations : 800-698 - 3377 or 604-669 - 2723 web site : http : / / www . ambraresources . com this release is for informational purposes only . it is not an offer to sell or solicit securities or products of any kind . this release may include information that could constitute forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provision of the private securities litigation reform act of 1995 . any such forward-looking statements may involve risk and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from any future results encompassed within the forward-looking statements . the materials are provided by ambra resources group inc . on an """" as is """" basis . ambra resources group inc . expressly disclaims any and all warranties , expressed or implied , including without limitation , warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose , with respect to the service or any materials and products . in no event shall ambra resources group inc . be liable for any direct , indirect , incidental , punitive or consequential damages of any kind whatsoever with respect to the service , the materials and the products . trinity ventures , inc . has received a fee of $ 5 , 000 to distribute this document . if you would like to permanently remove your e-mail address from our files call or fax us toll free at 877-393 - 7237 ; or just click on """" reply """" and put """" remove """" in the subject .
 "",1
 428,""Subject: lucky you !
  
  congratulations ! you ' ve been selected to enter for a vacation adventure to florida ! for a limited time we bring to you the vacation of a lifetime to promote tourism in florida ! and you ' re the lucky one who might get to take it ! do n't waste time wondering if you ' ll make it , just go for it ! not everyone who registers will qualify ! all names are kept confidential , and never sold in lists . click below to secure your name today ! http : / / members . xoom . com / 278549 pleasen reply to : mailto : mailinbox88 @ usa . net to be removed from this list ! have a great day !
 "",1
 429,""Subject: new on capitalfm . com
  
  this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - extravaganza 1999 - keep up to date with the action . - win notting hill tix - you could be at a special preview ! - live music - all the best gigs from boyzone to the beasties . - s club 7 - get the lowdown on the multimedia sensation . - new singles - this week 's hottest few minutes of new music . - westlife - we put the freshest boy band under the spotlight . - capitalfm . com shop - the very newest and best bargains . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - extravaganza 1999 - keep up to date with the action . between may 29th and june 1st , earls court will be jam-packed with the best bands , top djs , awesome activities , the most fun technology and the latest styles . book your tickets online and keep up with the latest info . - win notting hill tix - you could be at a special preview ! it 's the latest movie from the ' four weddings and a funeral ' team and you could be seeing hugh grant and julia roberts on the big screen before anyone else ! win tickets to an exclusive preview next thursday . - live music - all the best gigs from boyzone to the beasties . you might not be able to make it to every top concert , but we keep you up to speed with the latest gig reviews . this week we ' ve brought you the beastie boys and beautiful south and next week boyzone take to the stage for the hits tour . - s club 7 - get the lowdown on the multimedia sensation . their debut single ' bring it all back ' is out next month , they ' re already on our tvs in ' miami 7 ' and that 's just the beginning . we find out what else is in store for s club 7 . - new singles - this week 's hottest few minutes of new music . every week we round up the latest slices of pure pop to see which cds make us jump up and dance and which make us jump up and run to the ' stop ' button . this week jamiroquai , garbage , chemical brothers and hepburn take the test . - westlife - we put the freshest boy band under the spotlight . we test the limits of our under the spotlight hotseat by squeezing ronan 's youthful fivesome into it . it coped fine with 911 , so if it can stand the strain westlife will endure our searching questions . - capitalfm . com shop - the very newest and best bargains . * you can always get hold of the very latest albums including suede 's ' head music ' and the ' star wars : episode i ' soundtrack for just 11 . 99 each , with uk delivery just 1 for any size order ! . * even better , you can also pre-order forthcoming albums for delivery on the day of release . right now there 's the ' notting hill ' soundtrack ( released 24 / 5 / 99 ) and boyzone 's first ever greatest hits album ' by request ' ( out on 31 / 5 / 99 ) , both at 11 . 99 . * and finally , the song that 's taking the country by storm : ' everybody 's free to wear sunscreen ' comes from baz luhrmann 's new album ' something for everybody ' . you can pre-order this now at 12 . 99 for delivery on the release date , 14 / 6 / 99 . http : / / capitalfm . com / shop all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement tune in to technology [ . tv ] - the first and only technology channel in the uk , brings you it news and analysis , products and services , testing and appraising , tutorials , games , gadgets and gizmos , digital culture , the internet , educational issues and troubleshooting . to find out more visit the [ . tv ] website @ http : / / www . tvchannel . co . uk or call 0990 10 20 30 [ . tv ] - television for the 21st century _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement why wait ? experience it now ! read star wars : episode i the phantom menace available now from bol . com , the new british bookshop on the internet . save 40 % , just 9 . 59 . click link to buy ! http : / / www . uk . bol . com / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement the latest on the greatest with uefa and mastercard keep a close eye on the uefa champions league site and check out the latest news on the games , teams and players . don t miss out on the greatest football spectacular in europe . click below now ! http : / / capitalfm . com / mastercard / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement you want to be a winner ? the competition zone - where everyone should go and where many have gone before . . . free holidays , cinema tickets , beer , beverages and weekend breaks . you still here ? well click below now and enter one of the fabulous competitions with prizes just waiting to be won . http : / / capitalfm . com / compzone / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
 "",1
 430,""Subject: submit 600
  
  this is not spam ; you are receiving this message because you are a member of a safemail list . if you do not wish to be a part of this listclick here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if you want your site to be found submit 600 is definitely for you your web site is of little use unless it can be found by those who might be interested in it . submit your web site to up to 600 different search engines and directories . guaranteed submission to the major search engines including : alta vista aol netfind excite hotbot infoseek lycos , magellan northernlight planet search web crawler yahoo ! netscape snap . com save yourself time and trouble and promote your web site using submit600 today ! ! ! there are more than 40 million web sites and 400 million web pages with more being added every day . thus , today it is more challenging than ever for your site to be easily found . if you want your site to be found click here if have trouble logging on to our url please email us requesting information regarding submit 600 click here
 "",1
 431,""Subject: submit 600
  
  this is not spam ; you are receiving this message because you are a member of a safemail list . if you do not wish to be a part of this listclick here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if you want your site to be found submit 600 is definitely for you your web site is of little use unless it can be found by those who might be interested in it . submit your web site to up to 600 different search engines and directories . guaranteed submission to the major search engines including : alta vista aol netfind excite hotbot infoseek lycos , magellan northernlight planet search web crawler yahoo ! netscape snap . com save yourself time and trouble and promote your web site using submit600 today ! ! ! there are more than 40 million web sites and 400 million web pages with more being added every day . thus , today it is more challenging than ever for your site to be easily found . if you want your site to be found click here if have trouble logging on to our url please email us requesting information regarding submit 600 click here
 "",1
 432,""Subject: i can ' t stand it ! ! ! ! ! ! !
  
  dear internet user : dear internet user : sound familiar ? you = 92re relaxing in front of your tv , enjoying your f = avorite program when all of a sudden it cuts to a screaming voice and = booming music of some commercial that makes your hair stand on end ! y = ou scramble for the remote to lower the volume . then your program returns = and you can barely hear them talking , so you grab = the remote and re-adjust the volume once again . annoying isn = 92t it ? how about when you = 92re changing channels from station to station . = some programs are loud , some you can hardly hear at all . you = 92re consta = ntly adjusting the volume = 96 up , down , up , down , up , down ! automatic television sound regulator &trade = ; - manufactured by sony tm wouldn = 92t it be great if your volume always stayed exactly whe = re you want it ? have we got good news for you ! the automati = c television sound regulator &trade ; ( """" tvsr """" ) has solved the problem . new technology breakthrough = 96 = the tvsr is a patented computerized device that fits in the palm of your = hand . easy to install . simply plug the tvsr into the jacks on the back of your tv set = and attach it to your vcr , satellite dish , cable box , or surround sound s = ystem , any combination , or all four simultaneously . simple to set = 96 once installed = , just hit the volume button on your remote control to the level that = 92s = right for you . that = 92s it ! the tvsr takes over from there . even while c = hannel surfing , when program sound levels can vary from channel to channe = l , the tvsr automatically and instantly raises or lowers audio levels to = your preset level . it is so sophisticated ; it knows the difference betwee = n a whisper and a shout , so it won = 92t interfere with dramatic moments in = your program ! you will never have to adjust your tv volum = e ever again ! even when you turn your tv set off , the tvsr is = so smart it remembers your previous setting , so when you turn your tv bac = k on , the volume remains exactly where you put it . of course , if you eve = r want to change your setting , just hit the volume button ( up or down ) on = your remote and the tvsr will instantaneously adjust to your new setting = . there = 92s nothing to lose = 96 th = e tvsr comes with one - year manufacturer = 92s warranty . try the tvsr for 60 days , risk free ! if you ar = e not completely satisfied , simply return it ( = """" no questions asked """" ) for a full refund of your purchase price = - to order click here&gt ; http : / / www . tvsr . com . we own the technology the tvsr is the only patented device of its kind worldwide = that can be added to your existing television set and auxiliary equipment = , i . e . , vcr , satellite dish , cable , surround sound , etc . manufacturers li = ke rca tm = , sony tm , zenith tm , sharp tm , and panasonic tm , just to name a few , are cu = rrently utilizing our patented technology , why spend $ 600 to $ 1 , 000 for a = new television set that incorporates our technology internally , when for = a fraction of the cost you can own the tvsr . promotional offer ( sorry , currently the tvsr is available for united states and canada r = esidents only ) order the tvsr for only $ 59 . 80 plus s&amp ; h . limited time offer ! ! ! order the tvsr withi = n the next 48 hours and get the tvs = r for $ 44 . 85 plus s&amp ; h , = that = 92s a 25 % saving ! order two or more units and receive the tvsr for = only $ 39 . 95 each plus s&a = mp ; h , plus we will give you an extra year of warranty service free on eac = h tvsr ordered ! that = 92s an additional $ 6 . 00 value per unit . once y = ou experience the tvsr you = 92ll never want to watch tv without it ! ! ! remember : there is absolutely nothing to lose = 96 60 da = y unconditional money back guarantee . click here &gt ; http : / / www . tvsr . com = to or = der the tvsr via our secure on-line shopping web site . &nbsp ; important points : for those of you with dmx systems or a multip = le cd player , the tvsr ( via the audio input / output jacks ) also works great ! we own the worldwide patent rights , that = 92s why we can of = fer you such a reasonable price . the tvsr is not available in stores . we = 92ve developed the technology ; sony &trade ; provided the manufactu = ring . thousands and thousands of tvsrs have been sold to satisfied customer = s , nationwide . sales of tvsrs are increasing dramatically everyday . we have only a limited inventory of our tvsrs available at this = promotional price . please o = rder today ! ! ! to order : visit our secure on li = ne shopping web site at click here&gt ; http = : / / www . tvsr . com or you may order by calling us at 1-800 - 235-2154 or t = o place your order by fax or mail , please print out the form at the end o = f this letter . ( all major credit cards are accepted ) . what do people have to say about their tvsr = . . . . steven taylor , private investigator , farmington , ny &quot ; upon inspection , i was surprised to find that my tv does indeed = have video in and l / r audio in . when connected as per your manual ( betwe = en the cable box and the tv ) , the tvsr works as advertised = 96 and very n = icely so ! what a great device ! &quot ; dr . frank pisano , clearwater , fl &quot ; my television sound regulator works beautiful ! prompt service = 96 = great pr . your company stands behind its product . &quot ; carl lattimer , passaic , nj &quot ; i first read about the tvsr in technology update . being a prod = uct design engineer , at first i doubted that the information presented in = the article was technically accurate . being originally form missouri , t = he show me state , i had to see for myself . i ordered one . it was easy t = o connect . believe me , you don = 92t have to have a ph . d . in engineering t = o install it ! i do a lot of channel surfing so i was the perfect person = to test it . well , i was very , very surprised at the results . when you s = ay that the &quot ; tvsr instantly increases or decreases the sound output = to a preset level&quot ; , you are not kidding . even with sophisticated ti = ming equipment , the interval with which the sound level is adjusted is so = short that the human ear can = 92t even register it ! i still can = 92t defi = ne how the tvsr functions . but who cares , as long as it works ! the negative thing about the tvsr is that i didn = 92t invent it ! &quot ; = kathy kurtis , pasadena , ca &quot ; i just had to write to you about our newest second favorite arr = ival . our first is our brand new son , kevin . he is going to be six week = s old soon . our second newest favorite is the tv sound regulator . you s = ee , kevin , like all newborns is very sensitive to noise , especially at ni = ght when it = 92s so quiet you can hear a pin drop . before we got the tv s = ound regulator i couldn = 92t watch television while i nursed him . he woul = d just have fallen asleep when one of those loud commercials would wake h = im up . then it would take forever before he fell asleep again , i would b = e sitting there rocking him to sleep . although i love my son , i was left = with nothing to do . but now , with the tv sound regulator , i can turn th = e volume so it is soft enough to lull him to sleep , and i can catch up on = watching my favorite programs too ! the vcr even records the programs wi = thout that awful volume jump each time a commercial plays ! &quot ; &quot ; ps& # 9 ; i also wanted to thank your technical support department , = when i had a question about connecting it , they were so nice and friendl = y . they walked me through the entire installation process in only a few = minutes . """" &quot ; lisa russo , monroe , ct &quot ; i thought i = 92d write you this short letter to let you know jus = t how pleased we are with the automatic tv sound regulator . my husband a = nd i have a three-year - old boy . believe me he is extremely active and en = ergetic . in the evening , after we have put our son to sleep , we now can = truly relax in front of our tv . in the past , before we purchased your pr = oduct , it used to be extremely annoying watching television . the commerc = ials would come on so loud that we could hardly hear ourselves think . we = would always have to turn the television down during the commercials and = up again when our show came on . your product really works ! &quot ; robert pelikan , phoenix , az &quot ; excellent product ! i customarily do not take the time to write = a letter such as this . it took me less than ten minutes to install the = tv sound regulator ( i have a tv , vcr , and satellite dish ) . this thing ac = tually works ! amazing ! also , thank you for replacing the damaged unit s = o quickly . your customer service is great ! harold j . c . ferrer , ph . d . , glendale , ca &quot ; i am a very busy psychologist . my days , often twelve-hour days = , are spent listening to emotion filled voices . because of the specializ = ed work i do , the majority of my patients are emotionally and psychologic = ally overwhelmed . their lives are out of control . they often have lost = their jobs , homes , and marriages . they are inundated by life shattering = stress . needless to say , by the end of my day , i need to relax . i need = peace and quiet . i usually channel surf for a while , until i settle in t = o watching cnn . but , until i bought a tvsr , i found myself scrambling fo = r the remote control each time a commercial was about to come on . when i = couldn = 92t reach it in time the increased commercial volume literally ma = de me jump . this is not the way to relax ! the worse stress , and stress = is always there , is the stress that we cannot control . but , with the tvs = r , i can just set the volume control to the level i want . i now know tha = t whenever an advertiser has decided that sh ! ! ! ! ! outing is the only way to get my attention , i can rest assured that i will literally have the upper hand . = i no longer feel that i am at the mercy of those blaring commercials . = at least i can now control my television ! thanks tvsr . &quot ; dave defer , bedford , oh &quot ; i just wanted to pass on this comment : the television sound re = gulator is a great device for the hearing impaired . &quot ; to review : &nbsp ; the tvsr increases and decreases television sound levels instantaneou = sly to your pre-set level , avoiding increases and decreases in sound leve = ls during commercials , program viewing , and while changing channels . the tvsr is easy to install , even for the electronically challenged . = anyone can install it in minutes . the tvsr is a computerized unit that automatically controls the sound = level of the tv set and any one , combination , or all auxiliary equipment = ( tv , vcr , cable , or satellite remote ) , that = 92s it , the tvsr takes over = from there . the tvsr is so sophisticated it understands the difference between a = whisper and a shout and automatically adjusts itself accordingly . the tvsr fits in the palm of your hand . the tvsr works great with multiple disc players , as well as dmx syste = ms . the tvsr is constructed of quality components and should last a lifet = ime , if the unit ( or ac adapter / cables included with the unit ) fails to p = erform during the first year ( during this promoti = onal offer , the warranty service period increases to tow years with the p = urchase of two or more units ) from the date of purchase it will be = replaced or repaired free of charge . we are pleased to be offering the tvsr at this reduced price . thanks = for your time and have a great day ! sincerely yours , &nbsp ; nelson crespo executive vice president international control systems , llc &nbsp ; all major credit cards accepted ! order your tvsr today ! visit our web site at = 96 click here&gt ; http : / / www . tvsr . com and order via our secure on-line shopping site . ( currently , the = tvsr is only available to united states and canadian residents . ) to order by : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; phone - 1-800 - 235-2154 & # 9 ; & # 9 ; important note - mention promotion code - tvsr2848 & # 9 ; & # 9 ; fax or mail - please print out the order form at the bottom = of this email and & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; complete all necessary blanks . & # 9 ; & # 9 ; ( credit cards only ) & # 9 ; & # 9 ; fax to : 1-800 - 498-9203 & # 9 ; & # 9 ; ( by check ) & # 9 ; & # 9 ; mail to : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; tv sound regulator & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; po box 2894 & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; maple plain , mn 55592-2894 note : to receive this promotional price , your order ( if by mail ) m = ust be postmarked within 48 hours of the date that you received this = email . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( for united states and canadian residents only ) order form regular price $ 59 . 80 each , plus s&amp ; h promotional price ( if ordered within 48 hours of this limited promotio = nal offer ) $ 44 . 85 plus s&a = mp ; h . buy two or more tvsrs within this promotional period and your p = rice is $ 39 . 95 each , plus = s&amp ; h , plus you will receive an extra year of warranty service on each = tvsr purchased free ! that = 92s an extra $ 6 . 00 value per unit ! remember , there = 92s nothing to lose , 60 day money back g = uarantee . personal information : name ( first &amp ; last ) : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . billing address : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . street : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . city : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; state : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; zip : & # = 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . country : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . mailing address ( if different ) : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . street : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . city : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; state : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; zip : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . country : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . phone : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; fax : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; email : & = # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . credit card information : & # 9 ; visa& # 9 ; & # 9 ; mastercard& # 9 ; & # 9 ; discover& # = 9 ; & # 9 ; amex name on card : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . number : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; exp . date : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . & # 9 ; & # 9 ; quantity desired : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . & # 9 ; & # 9 ; pre - shipping total : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . & # 9 ; & # 9 ; shipping and handling for one unit - $ 6 . 95 & # 9 ; & # 9 ; shipping and handling for two or more units - $ 5 . 95 & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; grand total : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . signature : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; date ordered : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & = # 9 ; . &nbsp ;
 "",1
 433,""Subject: re : 2 . 882 s - > np np
  
  > date : sun , 15 dec 91 02 : 25 : 02 est > from : michael < mmorse @ vm1 . yorku . ca > > subject : re : 2 . 864 queries > > wlodek zadrozny asks if there is """" anything interesting """" to be said > about the construction """" s > np np """" . . . second , > and very much related : might we consider the construction to be a form > of what has been discussed on this list of late as reduplication ? the > logical sense of """" john mcnamara the name """" is tautologous and thus , at > that level , indistinguishable from """" well , well now , what have we here ? """" . to say that ' john mcnamara the name ' is tautologous is to give support to those who say that a logic-based semantics is irrelevant to natural language . in what sense is it tautologous ? it supplies the value of an attribute followed by the attribute of which it is the value . if in fact the value of the name-attribute for the relevant entity were ' chaim shmendrik ' , ' john mcnamara the name ' would be false . no tautology , this . ( and no reduplication , either . )
 "",0
 434,""Subject: s - > np + np
  
  the discussion of s - > np + np reminds me that some years ago i read , in a source now forgotten , a critique of some newsmagazines ' unique tendencies in writing style , most of which the writer found overly """" cute """" . one item was tersely put down as follows : """" time 's favorite : the colon . """" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lee hartman ga5123 @ siucvmb . bitnet department of foreign languages southern illinois university carbondale , il 62901 u . s . a .
 "",0
 435,""Subject: 2 . 882 s - > np np
  
  . . . for me it 's much more restrictive than s - > np np . it 's """" no """" np pro quite an over-restriction , that .
 "",0
 436,""Subject: gent conference
  
  """" for the listserv """" international conference 1992 second circular : february 1992 literature and the analysis of discourse with special attention to the multicultural context tuesday 8 september - friday 11 september 1992 gent university , belgium writing and reading literature , oral literary traditions , dialogic text , non-literary narratives , discourse theory , literature as social practice , etc . , etc . , etc . keynote speakers : david birch ( murdoch , australia ) martin montgomery ( strathclyde , scotland ) elinor ochs ( los angeles , usa ) statement of pala ' s aims pala 's principal aim is to encourage cooperation between scholars and teachers interested in language and / or literary studies . the interests of pala members are wide , and this is reflected in papers given at pala conferences . interests of members include : stylistics , literary theory , the teaching of language and literature , critical linguistics , pragmatics , discours analysis , textual understanding , rhetoric , narratology , semiotic approaches to text and performance , sociolinguistics , cultural studies , post-structuralist theory ; in short , any theme which has relevance to the study and teaching of language and literature and their role in society . the 1992 conference theme to highlight the currently expanding field of discours studies , the 1992 conference has as its core theme ' literature and the analysis of discourse , with special attention to the multicultural context ' . papers covering interests as wide as the processes of writing and reading literature , the analysis of dialogic text , oral literary traditions , the relationship between literary and non-literary discourse , discourse theory and literary communication as social practice have all been proposed , as well as those dealing specifically with the writing and reading of literature in a multilingual and / or multicultural context . the 1992 conference venue gent university is of the city type ; there is no campus , and university buildings are dotted around the town . conference sessions will take place in the hoveniersberg , overlooking the bovenschelde in one of the quiet parts of town . programme conference sessions will start on the morning of the wednesday and last a full three days . it is envisaged that most participants will arrive and register on the tuesday evening . our provisional programme looks like this : tuedsday 8 sept 15 . 00 onwards : registration wednesday 9 sept 08 . 30 - 09 . 30 : late registration 09 . 45 : opening of conference 10 . 00 - 18 . 00 : conference sessions 18 . 30 : pre-booked dinner 20 . 15 : drinks reception thursday 10 sept 08 . 30 - 18 . 00 : conference sessions 18 . 30 : pala agm 20 . 00 : pre-booked dinner friday 11 sept 08 . 30 - 17 . 00 : conference sessions 17 . 15 : wind-up session evening : activities to be arranged there will be continuous coffee , tea , etc . throughout the conference sessions . accommodation rooms in the vermeylen student hall of residence , a couple of hundred metres from the conference centre , are available to all participants . it is possible to book rooms for several nights either side of the conference dates . the price on the registration form includes breakfast . unfortunately , no double rooms are available . if you would prefer to stay in a hotel , we recommend the arcade hotel ( nederkouter , 9000 gent ; tel . 32-91 - 25 . 07 . 07 ) , which is only 10 minutes ' walk from the conference centre . alternatively , you can contact the gent tourist office ( meersstraat 138 , 9000 gent ; tel . 32-91 - 25 . 35 . 55 ) . food breakfast will be served in the overpoort , the university eating complex next door to the vermeylen . lunch and supper is also available there to conference participants , as are snacks throughout the day . there will be no single ' conference dinner ' as such , but to make it easier for participants to meet each other , we are arranging dinners for both wednesday and thursday evenings in the university restaurant . these have to be pre-booked . staying in gent gent ( population around 230 , 000 ) is a historic flemish city , the first in europe to declare itself independent of feudal control . it has a plethora of medieval vistas and bridges and is thus entitled to compete with bruges and amsterdam for the title of ' venice of the north ' . it is also a busy industrial city and the commercial and administrative centre for east flanders . the first language is flemish / dutch ( depending on one 's sociolinguistic viewpoint ) but nearly every-body can use both english and french with at least some degree of fluency . there are numerous restaurants , cafes and pubs near the conference area ( including two good vegetarian restaurants ) , many of which stay open well into the small hours . prices are cheap by northern european standards . for those wishing to combine the conference with a visit to gent and the surrounding area , you may like to know that a train can take you in less than an hour to bruges , brussels , antwerp or the belgian coast . you can even get into the ardennes or to paris within a few hours . registration / queries to attend the conference , fill in the registration form and return it , with payment , by 1st may . confirmation of registration and details of arrangements will be sent in the third circular to those who have registered , but if you have any enquiries , contact jim o'driscoll or stef slembrouck at seminarie voor engelse taalkunde , universiteit gent , rozier 44 , b-9000 gent , belgium ( tel : 32-91 - 64 . 37 . 88 / 89 / 90 ; fax : 32-91 - 64 . 41 . 95 ; e-mail pala92 @ engllang . rug . ac . be ) . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * pala 92 gent university registration form surname _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name ( s ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i will participate in the conference and enclose a eurocheque ( or have arranged direct transfer to the pala account in belgium ) to cover : ( tick as appropriate ) pala member conference fee ( bf 1000 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ non-member conference fee ( bf 2000 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ student conference fee ( bf 600 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ dinner on 9th september ( bf 500 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ dinner on 10th september ( bf 500 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ accommodation for tue 8th september ( bf 525 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ accommodation for wed 9th september ( bf 525 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ accommodation for thu 10th september ( bf 525 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ accommodation for fri 11th september ( bf 525 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ accommodation for ( specify ) ( bf ) _ _ _ _ _ _ fee for international money transfer or cheque other than eurocheques * ( bf 300 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ i therefore enclose ( or have transferred ) a total of bf _ _ _ _ _ _ i would like lacto-vegetarian / vegan food for the dinner ( s ) i have booked _ _ _ _ _ signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please return to pala conference 1992 , seminarie voor engelse taalkunde , universiteit gent , rozier 44 , b-9000 gent , belgium ( pala9 @ engllang . rug . ac . be ) . the final date for registration is 1st may 1992 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * . note that all payments must be made in belgian francs . cheques should be made payable to ' pala conference 1992 ' . a single eurocheque must not be of more than bf 7 , 000 . international money transfers should be sent via ' swift ' , quoting our bank 's swift number ( bbru be bb 900 ) and our account number : bbl 390-0959358 - 83 . if you have any problems with either method of payment , please contact the organizers .
 "",0
 437,""Subject: query : causatives in korean
  
  could anyone point me to any books and articles about causative constructions in korean ? please send an e-mail directly to me . thanks you ! hiromi morikawa hiromi @ psych . stanford . edu
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 438,""Subject: l2 learning / cultural empathy
  
  a graduate student in education approached a colleague of mine with a query which linguist people may be able to help with . he is doing an evaluation of an exchange program with indonesia one object of which is to prepare more high school teachers of indonesia here in australia . he wondered if there is anything written on the correlation of degree of acquisition of an l2 with degree of empathy and participation in the culture of the l2 speakers . high involvement / skills might seem to be a good thing for teachers in both areas ; however negative aspects might be there . apparently there seems to be a correlation between development of good skills in the language and dropping out of teaching . could this be due to """" culture shock """" on return to australia of those who became most deeply immersed ? any references / ideas gratefully received . if there are a number , i could summarise . patrick mcconvell , anthropology , northrn territory university , po box 40146 , casuarina , nt 0811 , australia
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 439,""Subject: psycholinguistics teaching
  
  for an undergraduate course i will shortly be teaching in psycholinguistics , i would appreciate any suggestions as to texts which other instructors have had good experiences with . also , i would be indebted if anyone can offer specific references to the work of helen neville on deaf alinguals and the acquisiton of asl . thanks m . klaiman ( klaiman @ umnacux . bitnet )
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 440,""Subject: german corpora
  
  i am looking for on-line corpora of modern german . any information would be appreciated . ken beesley beesley . parc @ xerox . com
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 441,""Subject: t
  
  hi , help ! i have to design an experiment to do with mandarin tones as part of a phonology requirement on my graduate course . there seems to be very little literature on this in the library . if anyone can think of any on-going debates on the phonology / phonetics of mandarin tones for which an experiment would be useful , please could you give me information and references . i would welcome any suggestions at all . thanks a lot , sophia wang . ( sophia @ ling . ed . ac . uk )
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 442,""Subject: job - university of utah
  
  the linguistics program at the university of utah invites applications for a one-year visiting assistant professor position to begin september , 1992 . minimum degree requirement is an a . b . d . candidates will be expected to teach an introductory undergraduate linguistics course and a course in american english for english teaching majors . they will also propose other undergraduate or m . a . level courses in general linguistics and sociolinguistics . send letter of application , curriculum vitae , sample publications , and three letters of reference to mauricio mixco , director , linguistics program , stewart building 213 , university of utah , salt lake city , ut 84112 . for further information you may telephone : 801-581 - 7432 or email dipaolo @ anthro . utah . edu .
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 443,""Subject: job : montreal
  
  poste de professeur , e regulier , ere en phonologie le departement de linguistique de l ' uqam sollicite des candidatures pour un poste regulier a temps complet en phonologie profil des fonctions : . enseignement et encadrement aux etudes de premier cycle et aux etudes avan - cees . . assurer la vitalite de la recherche dans le domaine de la specialite . . services a la communaute . exigences : . ph . d . en linguistique . . experience d ' enseignement universitaire . . solide dossier de publications recentes dans des revues avec jury , attestant une competence dans le domaine vise . date d ' entree en fonction : 1er juillet 1992 l ' uqam souscrit a un programme d ' acces a l ' egalite des femmes en emploi . con - formement aux exigences relatives a l ' immigration au canada , ce poste est of - fert aux citoyens-es et aux residents-es permanentes-es . traitement : selon la convention collective spuq-uqam . les personnes interesses sont priees de faire parvenir un curriculum vitae en francais , date et signe , incluant le nom , l ' adresse et le numero de telephone de trois repondants , avant le 15 mai 1992 a : m . robert a . papen , directeur , departement de linguistique , uqam , c . p . 8888 , succ . a , montreal ( quebec ) h3c 3p8 . telephone : 514-987 - 8416 ; telecopieur : 514-987 - 4652 ; e-mail : r14730 @ uqam
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 444,""Subject: lectureship in linguistics
  
  s c h o o l o f e n g l i s h a n d l i n g u i s t i c s u n i v e r s i t y o f d u r h a m lecturer in generative linguistics the successful candidate must have completed , or be in the process of completing , a doctorate , and must be able to demonstrate a strong research focus in historical linguistics ( phonology or syntax ) and / or romance linguistics via a dissertation and / or published work in the area . an ability to teach sociolinguistics would be an advantage . the post is tenable from 1 october 1992 . salary will be within the range 12 , 860 - 17 , 827 pounds per annum on the lecturer grade a scale , according to experience . further details may be obtained from the personnel officer old shire hall university of durham durham dh1 3hp united kingdom ( tel 091-374 - 3158 , fax 091-374 - 4747 ) to whom applications should be sent not later than 15 may 1992 . = = = = = = = = = = = please quote reference a083 .
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 445,""Subject: negative concord
  
  i am interested in the grammar of negative concord in various dialects of american and british english . if anyone out there speaks natively a dialect that uses negative concord and is willing to answer grammaticality questions about their dialect , would they please send me an email note to that effect and i ' ll get back to them with my queries . my address is : kroch @ change . ling . upenn . edu thanks .
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 446,""Subject: 
  
  negative concord i am trying to compile of list of commercially available programs that aid translation from english to spanish . i am not interested in development projects but in """" of the shelf """" software . please email information to me , and i will post a summary of responses . thank you . - rick wojcik ( rwojcik @ atc . boeing . com )
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 447,""Subject: query : email addresses
  
  does anybody have an email address for either gunnar fant or christol gobl ? thanks in advance , julie silverman . ( jules @ nynexst . com )
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 448,""Subject: postings
  
  hi , i ' m working on a phonetics project about modern irish and i ' m having a hard time finding sources . can anyone recommend books or articles in english ? i ' , specifically interested in palatal ( slender ) consonants , so any work on that would be helpful too . thanks ! laurel sutton ( sutton @ garnet . berkeley . edu
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 449,""Subject: query on icelandic
  
  can anyone tell me anything about whether there is vp - ellipsis in icelandic ? something like : i want to see the movie , and john wants to , too . how about other kinds of ellipsis phenomena ? i borrowed john 's book , and mary borrowed bill 's . i want to fix the car , but i do n't know how . if you suggest that i check through the modern icelandic volume in the syntax and semantics series of books , please give me a specific reference , as i have not yet found anything on such ellipsis phenomena there . please reply directly to me : ( laurenco @ uconnvm . bitnet ) thanks in advance ! elizabeth laurencot , university of connecticut
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 450,""Subject: search
  
  does anyone out there know the whereabout of dr peter hawkins , phonetician , late of edinburgh ( queen elizabeth college ? ) , scotland ? i am seeking him because we collaborated at one time on a self-instructional computer course in french phonetic notation . but micros have moved along and now we need one for ibm pcs . any help on either search ?
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 451,""Subject: re : 3 . 378 korean , l2 , psycholinguistics , german
  
  a trivial inquiry in the realm of new words and why they acquire the syntactic characteristics they do . although the actual command is : telnet cunyvm . cuny . edu , i hear my colleagues and ordinary folks use the new verb ' telnet ' with the particle ' to ' , and rarely as a transitive verb . hence , ' i told him to telnet to cornell ' , less often ' i told him telnet cornell ' ( i myself have no feelings about the ' correctness ' of this one ) . i have never heard the verb used in the passive , but it can be used absolutely ( or intransitively ) . ' he spends all day telnetting . ' . curiosity only . toby paff ( tobypaff @ pucc . princeton . edu )
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 452,""Subject: re : 3 . 370 queries : computer resources , dialect maps
  
  jane tang asks for references about ' losing ' grammatical intuitions . though not about linguists , a study published in the journal of psycholinguistic research ( 17 . 1 : 1-17 ) , by hiroshi nagata ( the relativity of linguistic intuition : the effect of repetition on grammaticality judgements ) , concludes that """" linguistic intuitions as revealed in grammaticality judgements are not absolute , but relative in that they are easily influenced by repetition and other variables , such as embedded context . """" randy lapolla institute of history & philology academia sinica , taiwan
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 453,""Subject: language and power bibliography - - announcement
  
  a bibliography of work on language and power has been placed on the linguist server . this bibliography combines contributions from a number of respondents to a query i placed in linguist a while back . most of those respondents are listed in my summary ( linguist 3-366 ) . some items may be inappropriate - - i was unable to verify all of the suggestions . this bibliography includes a wide range of items which relate in one degree or another to the topic - - from the highly theoretical to the highly particularistic to the applied . apologies for any incorrect or incomplete references . [ moderators ' note : the bibliography mentioned in this posting is available on the server . to get the file , send a message to : listserv @ tamvm1 . tamu . edu ( if you are on the internet ) or listserv @ tamvm1 ( if you are on the bitnet ) the message should consist of the single line : get power bib linguist you will then receive the complete file . ]
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 454,""Subject: re : 3 . 376 help re : iaupe
  
  ? hay alguien que sepa como se puede comunicar con los ordenadores de la universidad de texas ? es que busco informacion sobre el programa de educacion bilingue de los distintos condados que forman la ciudad de austin y areas limitrofes . . . gracias . . . brett
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 455,""Subject: next
  
  this message is an attempt to find out who in the linguistic community , is using a next workstation ( cube , slab , turbo , or whatever model ) , more particularly in the area of phonetics and phonology . if you would like to know the results of this survey , please indicate it in your reply . thanks to all .
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 456,""Subject: query about english interrogatives
  
  i would appreciate any references that discuss the relationship or correspondence between the syntactic form and the pragmatic ( or social ) function of interrogatives in english . much of the work that i am familiar with claims that any form can be used for any function . my own research suggests otherwise . please send replies directly to : freed @ apollo . montclair . edu ( alice f . freed linguistics montclair state college )
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 457,""Subject: query on spanish and binding
  
  this is a request for help , in the form of references , suggestions , etc . , on a syntactic problem ( or maybe only an apparent problem ) . i have recently stumbled upon some interesting spanish data which seem to violate binding principles . in particular , my informants have provided examples like juan hablo a pedro de / sobre el and insist that el can can have as its antecedent at least juan , and perhaps also pedro . if the facts are what they seem , binding principle 2 is clearly violated , since we have a pronoun which is not free in the local domain . there are also cases , although not so clear , in which an anaphor seems not to be bound in the local domain . any thoughts on such examples will be greatly appreciated . if there is interest , i will post a summary of responses received . thanks . steve seegmiller seegmiller @ apollo . montclair . edu
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 458,""Subject: proofread medieval e - texts
  
  from humanist discussion group , vol . 5 , no . 0856 . monday , 27 apr 1992 . i am seeking volunteers to proof-read transcriptions of the attached list of medieval texts , prepared for the _ archivo digital de manuscritos y textos espan \ * ~ oles _ ( _ admyte _ ) , a cd-rom disk to be published this summer by the sociedad estatal quinto centenario . in addition to several hundred medieval texts transcribed according to the norms of _ a manual of manuscript transcription for the dictionary of the old spanish language _ , 4th ed . ( madison , 1986 ) , the disk will also contain a special version of tact , the text analysis and retrieval program of the u . of toronto , the _ bibliography of old spanish texts _ , and unite , a program for computer-assisted textual criticism . the available texts represent an interesting cross-section of medieval spanish literary culture - - from histories in the alfonsine tradition to medical and legal works to translations from the classics and other medieval literatures . i will provide : - a photocopy of the original ms or printed edition - a printout of the transcription - an electronic version of the transcription - a copy of the madison _ manual _ mentioned above - a copy of the special version of tact and its 200 - page manual participants in the project will also receive full credit for their work in _ admyte _ - - not to mention the satisfaction of having helped bring to fruition one of the most important scholarly projects of the quincentenary . lista de los textos castellanos que se han transcrito expresamente para admyte . actualmente obran en mi poder y esta / * ' n listos para corregir . abreviaturas bnm = madrid . biblioteca nacional bu = biblioteca universitaria esc . = escorial . monasterio cuando se trata de varios textos dentro de un mismo ms o edicio \ * ' n , se han agrupado bajo la signatura del volumen que los contiene . al final de cada texto se indica su taman \ * ~ o o en """" bytes """" o en folios . alfonso marti \ * ' nez de toledo . invencionario . bnm 9219 . 126 ff . ( transcr . p . gericke ) cro \ * ' nica de 1344 ( parte i ) . madrid : zaba / * ' lburu 11-109 , ff . 1r - 107 ( 1 . 33 mb ) ( listo para corregir ) ( transcr . j . da cruz ) domingo marcos dura / * ' n . lux bella . impreso sevilla , 1492 . bnm i 2165 . 6 ff . ( mu \ * 's ica ) ( transcr . d . burton ) domingo marcos dura / * ' n . glosa sobre lux bella . impreso salamanca , 1498 - 6-17 . bnm i 2165 . 38 ff . ( mu \ * 's ica ) ( transcr . d . burton ) fueros de la novenera . salamanca bu 2652 , ff . 140r - 156v ( transcr . f . waltman ) bnm i 2157 . impreso zaragoza , ca . 1490 ( transcr . h . torres ) : thomas a kempis . imitatio christi , ff . a2r - o2r jean gerson . de meditatione cordis , ff . o3r - o9v pablo de santa mari \ * ' a . suma de las cro \ * ' nicas de espan \ * ~ a . esc . h . ii . 22 , ff . 52r - 98v ( transcr . j . krieger ) seudo - san bernardo . infancia del salvador . impreso burgos : juan de burgos , ca . 1495 . bnm i 1424 ( 279 kb ) ( es realmente una traduccio \ * ' n de las meditationes de seudo - agusti \ * ' n ) ( transcr . f . waltman )
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 459,""Subject: learn french in quebec city
  
  des amis de l ' universite ' laval , ecole des langues vivantes m ' ont demande ' de poster cette annonce . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = learn french in quebec city intensive french courses ( elementary , intermediate and advanced levels ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - session admission deadlines - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - autumn / september-december / 15 weeks / 16 credits / june 15th winter / january - april / 15 weeks / 16 credits / november 1st spring / may-june / 6 weeks / 7 credits / april 1st summer / july-august / 6 weeks / 7 credits / may 1st - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * small classes * communicative approach * integration into the french - speaking milieu * exceptional sports facilities * campus housing or accomodations with francophones * age 18 or older - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - information - - - - - - - - - - ecole des langues vivantes pavillon charles - de koninck ( 2305 ) universite laval , quebec , g1k 7p4 , canada phone : ( 418 ) 656-2321 , fax : ( 418 ) 656-2019
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 460,""Subject: more on human subjects
  
  a number of months ago i raised the issue of dealing with human subjects committees , since our department was being ( as we perceived it ) hassled by our own committee . i received numerous responses , which i have since forwarded to the lsa social issues ( or something ) committee . the responses varied from shocked outrage that anyone would look over our ( collective ) shoulders from shocked outrage that i would consider doing any research without asking permission . the primary hassle , which was reflected again in the more recent posting on the subject , is that linguistic research normally involves using a tape recorder . federal guidelines require ( so i am told ) a special , and more complex class of review if the data is being taped . in our case , this involves a full committee review , which takes two to three weeks , rather than the ` expedited ' review , which takes only a few days . we are still negotiating on whether class projects need to be cleared class by class ( which we hope ) or instead , student by student . given that students normally take at least half a semester to discover what they want to do , if it will then require an additional two or three weeks to get permission to do it , much linguistic classroom research may get halted . i would be greatly interested in hearing from people on the list who have been able to persuade their human subjects committees to issue any kind of ` blanket ' permission for certain kinds of research . when we suggested this possibility we were told that nobody 's research was privileged , and that if { sociology , psychology anthropology . . . } had to go through the process , so did we . in any case , as a result of my attempting to be law abiding , i almost lost an informant , whose data i had recorded illegally . i asked him to recite the nursery rhymes , then requested permission to do so . shortly afterwards , he left town , never to be seen again . sigh . . . any suggestions on getting expedited reviews , blanket permissions , other speeded up ways of being permitted to tape record linguistic data without supreme court approval would be appreciated . geoff nathan < ga3662 @ siucvmb . siu . edu > southern illinois university at carbondale
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 461,""Subject: on rules
  
  re guido vanden wyngaerd ( 3-357 ) : i must break my longish silence caused by a few urgent jobs : > since nyman does n't seem to begin to understand > what the problem is here , let me expand on my question once more : we find > that speakers * observe * ( not violate ) the wh-island constraint ; we find > that they form yes-no questions by having recourse to hierarchical > structure rather than linear precedence , i . e . they unfailingly produce ( 1a ) > rather than ( 1b ) : > > ( 1 ) a is [ the man who is tall ] _ _ in the room ? > b is [ the man who _ _ tall ] is in the room ? i must admit my dull-wittedness . sorry about that ! i also agree that a real issue is involved here . > if speakers proceeded on the basis of inductive generalisation or analogy > or some such principle , one would expect a more or less random distribution > over ( 1a ) and ( 1b ) in the acquisition stage , quod non . why would a more or less random distribution over ( 1a ) and ( 1b ) be expectable in the acquisition stage , if speakers unfailingly - - and so , as the only pattern for children to base inductive generalizations on - - produce ( 1a ) ? > hence speakers > possess a certain knowledge or follow certian rules , and one would like to > know where they get this knowledge from . are you suggesting chomskyan """" tacit """" knowledge ? if so , then you might think that rules grow in people 's minds like biological organs . > the question now is : how can one tell if rules speakers > follow , such as the wh-island rule or the yes-no question formation rule , > are grules or lrules ? where does the conviction come from that speakers """" follow """" the wh-island rule ? this rule , as formulated and so named by a grammarian , is clearly a theoretical generalization ( grule ) . notice that the phenomenon here captured in insular terms is in principle amenable to a different theoretical formulation : e . g . , in dick hudson 's word grammar ( _ english _ word _ grammar _ . oxford 1990 ) , which is a dependency-based approach , ( 1b ) would be ruled out by the fact that it infringes the adjacency principle ( not to be confused with gb 's adjacency ) . while it is grammatically correct to say ( 2a ) is the man who is tall in the room ? , it would be grammatically incorrect ( and nonsensical ) to say ( 2b ) * is the man who tall is in the room ? in my terminology , ( 2a - b ) are technically rule-sentences which exemplify ( and witness for the existence ) of the corresponding norm of language ( lrule ) . it is typical of norms that they may be violated by mistake or by joke ( cf . alexis manaster ramer 's [ 3-371 ] posting on _ man _ the _ as a [ putatively ] possible np ) ; sometimes also by force , in order to bring home a theoretical point [ e . g . ( 1b ) above ] . lrules ( or norms-of - language qua institutional or cultural facts ) are typically learned or acquired by experience . but some norms are so deeply rooted in human nature that their violation is more or less unnatural and requires an extra effort . ( this is one of the basic tenets of stampean natural phonology , unless i ' m mistaken . ) for example , anyone standing on two hands ( instead of two legs ) in a cocktail party would certainly violate a norm of socially correct behaviour . in this case , the ' two-leg ' constraint is almost vacuously a norm , because it would be hard to violate it . in the same vein , the lrule of which ( 2a ) is an exemplification , is almost vacuously a norm , because only a linguistic professional could violate it by producing ( 2b ) . but it is a norm , nonetheless . > and what merit is there to making such a distinction > at all ? this distinction is ( meta ) descriptive of generative grammarians ' actual practice . martti nyman , dept of general linguistics , univ of helsinki , finland
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 462,""Subject: tone grammar summary
  
  > finally , lansing points to english : > > > a _ silver knife _ ( low high ) is a knife made out of silver , and a _ silver > > knife _ ( high low ) is a knife for cutting silver . this has nothing to do with tone , but rather accent placement . both _ silver _ and _ knife _ are accented in the former case , but in the latter case _ knife _ is deaccented . the association between accent and tone is a great deal more complicated than the claim suggests . richard sproat linguistics research department at&t bell laboratories tel ( 908 ) 582-5296 600 mountain avenue , room 2d - 451 fax ( 908 ) 582-7308 murray hill , nj 07974 rws @ research . att . com
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 463,""Subject: tone grammar
  
  none of the examples mentioned in john cowan 's recent posting summarizing responses on this topic appears to involve a language that uses language solely to mark grammatical as opposed to lexical distinctions . which makes one wonder about stress . does anybody know of an example of a language in which stress is distinctive but only used to mark grammatical categories . i have some possible examples in mind but these need some further reflection , so if anybody has clear examples , i for one would be interested ( the examples i am thinking of , which i am not too sure about , would involve tongan and perhaps persian ) .
 "",0
 464,""Subject: summ of dialect bible translations
  
  i have prepared a summary of the responses i received to my question about tranlation ( s ) of the bible into modern glasgow dialects . thanks to all those who responded - - ken beesley at xerox parc gavin burnage of the british national corpus group and humgrad paul caron at mcmaster u richard coates at u of sussex jacqueline kowtko at u of edinburgh r . glenn wooden at st . andrews and via forwarding frank maloney of microsoft david morning of glasgow u - - i appreciate it . first , mr . coates suggested as a general reference for dialect biblical literature _ the book of a thousand tongues _ , eugene nida , ed . , united bible societies ( 1972 ) , 2nd edition . mr . beesley mentioned a 1983 translation into """" broad scots """" , which included a temptation of christ passage in which christ speaks the scots dialect and satan the queen 's english . mr . burnage forwarded mention of the same edition in a similar discussion from a celtic discussion list : here , mr . maloney and mr . morning discussed presbyterian church of scotland elder jamie stewart 's rendition _ the glasgow gospels _ ( the 4 gospels only ) , as well as _ the new testament in scots _ , by william l . lorimer ( 1983 , edinburgh , southside publishers ltd , isbn 900025 24 7 ) . some claimed the latter is """" hard going at times """" without intimate knowledge of the dialect . mr . caron mentioned that one of these texts had been discussed recently on the cbc radio show """" as it happens """" . jacqueline kowtko in edinburgh suggested contacting the church of scotland at the following address for other info : church of scotland book shop 117 / 119 george street edinburgh eh2 4jn scotland 44 31 225 2229 finally , r . glenn wooden also mentioned having seen a bible translation done in an american south dialet called _ cotton patch nt / bible _ . thanks again for the responses . steve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ stephen ryberg department of linguistics northwestern university ryberg @ casbah . acns . nwu . edu _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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 465,""Subject: precoling 92 : symposium on computational semantics
  
  precoling - 92 22nd july , 2 - 6 p . m . symposium on computational semantics sponsored by the european foundation of logic , language and information with support from the commission of the european communities , dg xiii recent developments in both theoretical and computational semantics suggest that there is now a real possibility for exploring high level computational techniques for dealing with meaning in natural language which are informed by semantic theory but which are not restricted to any particular theoretical approach ( e . g . quantifier scoping algorithms , semantic operators of the kind proposed by johnson and kay ) . this symposium will attempt to explore the relationship between current work in theoretical and computational semantics . papers will be presented by researchers in both theoretical and computational semantics and there will be ample time for discussion from the floor . invited speakers are : hiyan alshawi , sri , cambridge johan van benthem , university of amsterdam ( to be confirmed ) robin cooper , university of edinburgh hans kamp , stuttgart university remko scha , university of amsterdam - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hans uszkoreit , comput . ling . , univ . of saarbruecken , 66 saarbruecken 11 , frg uszkoreit @ coli . uni-sb . de - phone : + 49 ( 681 ) 302-4115 - fax : + 49 ( 681 ) 302-4351
 "",0
 466,""Subject: re : 3 . 375 gent conference
  
  is there anyone in the department of bilingual education at the univ . of texas , austin that could give me information about the availability of work in the school system there ? what types of certification are required ? etc . . . i would certainly appreciate any help or clues you could give me : brett rosenberg univ . of arizona dept . of spanish & portuguese
 "",0
 467,""Subject: query about raising of / aw / and / ay / alias """" canadian raising """"
  
  this query is addressed to all those linguists who speak dialects in which [ aw ] and [ ay ] are replaced by something like [ / \ w ] and [ / \ y ] in words such as ' type ' and ' write ' . do any of you have a different vowel in the first syllable of ' writer ' than in the the second syllable of ' typewriter ' ? or , put another way , do any of you have different vowels in the first and second syllables of ' typewriter ' ?
 "",0
 468,""Subject: base generated adjuncts
  
  does anyone know of references on what mechanisms are used to encode restrictions on the base generation of adjuncts in gb ( i . e why adverbs occur with predicates but adjectives do with referentials ) ? seems like it can't be selection if x - - bar theory is an appropriate set of restrictions . any references at all would be lovely , but recent ones more so . post directly to me & i ' ll post a summary to the list if there 's interest . david adger adger @ uk . ac . ed . cogsci
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 469,""Subject: basic journals
  
  we are facing major cuts in the library periodicals budget at the university of alabama , and are being asked to eliminate some linguistics journals . the univ . of alabama at birmingham now has a b . a . in linguistics with some strong syntacticians , and we here in tuscaloosa have an """" ad hoc interdepartmental program """" at the graduate level with strengths in applied linguistics , inter - actional sociolinguistics and pragmatics . we would appreciate any advice in this matter . in particular , we ' re wondering if there is any consensus on a set of essential journals for an undergraduate major . pragmatics
 "",0
 470,""Subject: query : tagalog and other philippine informants
  
  are there any native speakers of tagalog or other philippine languages receiving this who would be willing to answer some questions about their usage ?
 "",0
 471,""Subject: ancient vocal tract simulation
  
  in work following up the work of laitman , lieberman et al on reconstruction of what vocal tracts of hominids and early humans must have been like , i believe some mechanical simulators of the output of these were made . i would be interested in details of this , but more in whether anyone has tried to do a computer simulation of the phonetic range of vocal tracts that differ from those of modern humans e . g . in having a higher larynx . on a related question , i saw a letter to scientific american a year or so ago saying some of the origins of language work was based on a fallacy : that mammals other than humans can breathe and swallow at the same time . > from my reading this does seem to underly some of the major work , so i 'd like to have some confirmation that it is wrong or someone to point me to where the debate is going on , if there is a debate . from my point of view ( ignorance of anatomy / physiology and biological anthropology ) it would seem to be a question that could be fairly easily resolved empirically . patrick mcconvell , anthropology , northrn territory university , po box 40146 , nt 0811 , australia
 "",0
 472,""Subject: re : 3 . 386 chomsky , mac concordance
  
  it seems to me that for whatever reasons , the fact that there are so many references to chomsky by non-linguists ( let 's ignore the linguists for now ) shows that the field is at least recognized as a legitimate area of intellectual inquiry - - ( after all , even oxford decided a few years ago that they should have a professor of linguistics - - after a long debate to be sure ) this is a cause for exhaltation - - not snyde remarks or comparisons to stalin and mao . and linguists of whatever stripe or theoretical persuasion should recognize that our newly recognized status is due to a great extent to the advent of generative grammar and chomsky . for various reasons i have met a number of nobel laureates over the last ten to fifteen years , and each one on learning i was a linguist asked """" do you know noam chomsky ? """" and each remarked at some point that he thought chomsky was one of the great intellects in history . a much better response than being asked """" how many languages do you speak ? """" while that may still be the layperson 's view of our field , it is no longer the view among scientists and academicians across the board . vicki fromkin
 "",0
 473,""Subject: escol 92 call for papers
  
  call for papers escol 92 at suny buffalo november 13-15 , 1992 deadline for submitting abstracts : september 4 , 1992 invited speakers : william croft , university of michigan nina dronkers , va medical center , martinez & uc davis ray jackendoff , brandeis university john ohala , university of alberta & uc berkeley keren rice , university of toronto russell tomlin , university of oregon anthony woodbury , university of texas , austin abstracts of papers in all areas of linguistics and from any theoretical perspective are solicited . we are especially interested in receiving abstracts in the following areas : - - - functional and cognitive linguistics - - - indigenous languages of the americas - - - psycholinguistics , neurolinguistics & experimental linguistics - - - lexical semantics - - - universals & typology - - - discourse analysis 10 copies of an anonymous one-page abstract , along with a card stating the title of the paper and the author , should be sent to : escol 92 department of linguistics 685 baldy hall suny buffalo buffalo , ny 14260 twenty minutes will be allotted for the presentation of each paper . abstracts should be received by september 4 , 1992 . information on registration and housing will be available in late september . for information , contact matthew dryer ( lindryer @ ubvms . bitnet ) or betty brown ( linbetty @ ubvms . bitnet ) , or the department at ( 716 ) 636-2177 , fax 636-3825 .
 "",0
 474,""Subject: humor and communication : call for papers
  
  call for papers humor and communication seminar at sca , 1992 national meeting : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) the seminar will be held wednesday , october 28th ( 9 : 30 - 5 : 30 ) in chicago preceding the speech communication association national meeting . call for papers : it has been established that humor is a widespread phenomenon , encompassing many , if not all , areas of human communication . while research in various areas is advancing , several general communication-related issues within the realm of humor remain to be explored in full . from another perspective , the study of humor is a particularly interesting topic for communication , since humor usually highlights the communicative mechanisms it exploits and thus provides insights that can later be generalized to the discipline at large . the following are some topics that the sca seminar participants may want to address . 1 ) how does humor communicate ? what are the mechanisms that make communication through humor possible ? a ) in order to solve the paradox of defining humor as a non-cooperative mode of communication , a cooperative-cum - humor mode has been postulated ( raskin 1985 , attardo 1990 ) . is this the complete picture ? how is communication affected / distorted by this particular situation ? b ) jokes can convey factual information , both on the referents of the texts ( zhao 1988 ) and on the participants of the communicative interchange , their perception of the situation , social hierarchies at play , etc . what are the modalities and mechanisms of this process ? 2 ) what does humor communicate ? humor can be used to convey meaning independent from the denotation of the humorous utterance ( see for example drew 1987 on teasing ) or to avoid face-threatening situations ( mulkay 1988 ) . is the range of the messages carried by humor unlimited or is there an inherent """" content """" to a humorous message just because it is humorous ? 3 ) rhetoric ( s ) of humor . how humor is used by speakers to further their goals ( within and outside of the communicative exchange ) . humor as a tool for persuading , for diverting attention , for in - and out-bonding , etc . 4 ) discourse analysis of humorous exchanges . the organization of a humorous exchange . how does a humorous conversational turn fit into a communicative exchange ? how are jokes and humorous narratives introduced in conversation , and how do they affect its course ? the differences between canned jokes and conversational jokes . 5 ) semiotics of humor . humor can be achieved verbally , visually , behaviorally , musically , etc . , or by any combination of the above . on the other hand , nature is never funny in and of itself ( although it may be perceived as such ) . in other words , humor is intimately connected to the human faculty of using signs . is it possible to build a general semiotics of humor ? how do the various types of humor above differ and how are they alike ? 6 ) cultural differences in the use of humor in communication . there are both impressive examples of variation across cultures ( for example , ritual humor is common in many societies ( apte 1985 ) but almost absent in present-day western culture ) and cross-cultural invariants ( for example the dumb-joke , cf . davies 1990 ) . are there universals in humorous communication , or is the range of variation unconstrained culturally ? references : apte , mahadev . 1985 . _ humor and laughter _ ithaca and london : cornell university press . attardo , salvatore . 1990 . the violation of grice 's maxims in jokes . in hall , kira et al . ( eds . ) _ proceedings of the 16th berkely linguistics society conference _ 355-362 . davies , christie . 1990 . _ ethnic humor around the world _ bloomington : indiana university press . drew , paul . 1987 . po - faced receipts of teases . _ linguistics _ 25 . 219-253 . mulkay , michael . 1988 . _ on humor . its nature and its place in modern society _ cambridge : blackwell . raskin , victor . 1985 . _ semantic mechanisms of humor _ dordrecht : reidel . zhao , yan . 1988 . the information conveying aspect of jokes . _ humor . international journal of humor research _ 1 : 3 . 279-298 . for information contact : alan harris aharris @ vax . csun . edu or salvatore attardo p5o @ mace . cc . purdue . edu submissions to : alan c . harris , ph . d . telno : off : professor , communication / linguistics 818-885 - 2853 / 2874 speech communication department hm : california state university , northridge 818-780 - 8872 spch csun fax : 818-885 - 2663 northridge , ca 91330 deadline for submissions : asap and not after july 1st , 1992 .
 "",0
 475,""Subject: re : 3 . 387 rules , tone grammar
  
  in response to eric schiller 's comments on modern syntax , i have a few questions and comentaries . as a graduate student myself i find that modern syntax has strayed so far into the theoretical realms of the ivory tower , that i am hesitant to delve into it . every two or three days there is another """" universal """" proposal that is proposed by someone only to be found untrue by someone else . i do n't think the only end goal of grammatical theory is to explain why language functions as it does , for me , explanatory adequacy can be the formulation of rules that facilitate the teaching of language , albeit imperfect rules in a strictly scientific sense ( are we still worried how """" scientific we appear ? ) but rules that have some practical application . the notion of economy is a good one , as a student i would certainly appreciate less """" model """" and more substance ! p . s . i hope i have ' nt stuck my foot in my mouth , it 's just that i am about to start my doctorate and am faced with the question of my specialization , i like syntax but want to do something more """" hands on """" like sociallinguistics . . . . brett rosenberg dept . spanish and portuguese univ . of arizona
 "",0
 476,""Subject: rules
  
  3 . 387 martti arnold nyman < manyman @ finuha . bitnet > writes : > > ( 1 ) a is [ the man who is tall ] _ _ in the room ? > > b is [ the man who _ _ tall ] is in the room ? > > > > if speakers proceeded on the basis of inductive generalisation or analogy > > or some such principle , one would expect a more or less random distribution > > over ( 1a ) and ( 1b ) in the acquisition stage , quod non . > > why would a more or less random distribution over ( 1a ) and ( 1b ) be > expectable in the acquisition stage , if speakers unfailingly - - and so , > as the only pattern for children to base inductive generalizations on - - > produce ( 1a ) ? the assumption implicit in nyman 's question is that children only produce what they hear . this is plainly incorrect . children do not hear forms like """" buyed """" , """" eated """" , or """" goed """" , yet they all go through a stage where they produce these forms . this can only be because they make generalisations ( rules , if you like ) , which go beyond what they hear . now given that the main source of evidence on yes-no questions at the child 's disposal will overwhelmingly consist of simple sentences of the form """" is the man _ _ in the room """" , the child could make the generalisation either in way : in terms of linear precedence ( """" front the first finite verb """" , yielding ( 1b ) ) or in terms of hierarchical structure ( """" front the finite verb which follows the subject """" , yielding ( 1a ) ) . the fact that children do not make mistakes in this respect ( ie do not form ( 1b ) ) clearly shows that the rule is not one learned by experience , the relevant experience not being rich enough to determine the nature of the rule and not being able to explain the absence of mistakes . as far as the rest of nyman 's remarks is concerned , i still fail to see how and why they motivate a distinction between grules and lrules : in his opinion , the rule exemplified by ( 1 ) is an lrule , and the wh-island rule a grule . i cannot make out any argument in his posting that would lend credibility to such a contrast . g . vanden wyngaerd
 "",0
 477,""Subject: iscll3
  
  the third international symposium on chinese languages and linguistics tentative program conference dates : july 1 - 3 , 1992 conference site : international conference hall , national tsing hua university , hsin - chu , taiwan , roc program july 1 9 : 10 - 9 : 30 opening ceremony 9 : 30-10 : 20 keynote speech : james d . mccawley """" justifying the part of speech assignment in mandarin chinese """" 10 : 20-10 : 40 break 10 : 40-12 : 10 session i huang shuan - fan """" lexical innovation and semantic change james h . i . tai """" category shifts and word-formation redundancy rules in chinese """" lisa l . s . cheng """" compounds and lexical relational structures """" 12 : 10 - 1 : 30 lunch 1 : 30 - 3 : 00 session ii hsin - i hsieh """" lexicon and morphology in a compositional cognitive grammar """" richard sproat and chilin shih """" on the sources of some constraints on mandarin morphology """" feng - hsi liu """" synthetic compound in chinese """" 3 : 00 - 3 : 20 break 3 : 20 - 5 : 20 session iii shen ya - ming """" argument structures of resultative verb compounds in chinese """" chee lick ho """" a x b y : a special compounding pattern anne yue """" the lexicon in syntactic change : lexical diffusion in chinese syntax chin - fa lien """" reciprocal pronouns in southern min dialects : a diachronic-dialect approach """" july 2 9 : 30-10 : 20 keynote speech : robert l . cheng 10 : 20-10 : 40 break 10 : 40-12 : 10 session iv matthew y . chen """" phonological diagnostics of morphosyntactic status """" daming xu """" the lexical and morphological conditions in mandarin nasal variation """" yu - chao hsiao """" a theoretical proposal for mandarin prosodic morphology """" 12 : 10 - 1 : 30 lunch 1 : 30 - 3 : 00 session v hui - i kung """" word order , specificty and object positions in mandarin chinese """" zhang zheng - sheng """" discourse genre and aspectual marking in chinese """" guo jiansheng """" right - dislocation or right location ? the ' afterthought phenomenon in mandarin and markers of speakers ' intentions """" 3 : 00 - 3 : 20 break 3 : 20 - 5 : 20 session vi ke zou """" the chinese ba - construction : a morpho-syntactic analysis """" hongming zhang """" c - command approach to morphosyntax """" sylvia chen and dingxu shi """" on the feeding relation between syntax and morphology : evidence from chinese nominal v - n compounds """" wei - tien tsai """" a note on zemeyang family - a morphosyntactic study """" july 3 9 : 30-10 : 20 keynote speech : c . t . james huang 10 : 20-10 : 40 break 10 : 40-12 : 10 session vii lilly chen """" the deictic verbs lai / khi ' come / go ' in taiwanese """" wynn chao """" negation and clausal structure in chinese mei - chun liu """" from verb / noun to adverbial functions : grammaticalization of _ jiu _ and _ cai _ in mandarin chinese """" 12 : 10 - 1 : 30 lunch 1 : 30 - 3 : 30 session viii samuel c . s . leung """" the development of cantonese aspect marker _ gan _ in a cantonese - speaking child """" thomas hun - tak lee """" two acquisition studies on quantification shen xiaonan """" a study of rhythm in mandarin prosody """" chang mei - chih """" parametrized account of tone sandhi phenomena in chinese 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 break 4 : 00 - 4 : 50 keynote speech : t . c . tang registration form name : sex : mailing address : affiliation : e - mail address : a . registration fee ( proceedings and 3 lunch boxes included ) : speaker : free audience : us $ 30 b . accomodations : moonlight hotel , hsin - chu city a . a single room will be provided free of charge to speakers for 4 nights ( june 30 - july 3 ) b . the local arrangement committee will reserve rooms in the moonlight hotel for other participants if such service is desired . 1 . nightly rate per single room : us $ 35 . 50 2 . nightly rate per double room ( two beds ) : us $ 51 . 00 ( please indicate sharing roommate and paying roommate ) c . post - symposium buffet a . speaker : free b . audience : us $ 22 total : a + b + c = please send in registration form and payment before june 10 , 1992 . both speakers and audience should register .
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 478,""Subject: 4th nottingham international systemic workshop
  
  fourth nottingham international systemic workshop provisional programme keynote speaker : john swales ( michigan ) : genre other contributors : katja pelsmaekers ( antwerp ) : aspects of genre from the perspective of translation bill greaves ( toronto ) : the spoken dimension of genre glenn stillar ( ontario ) : a model-instance perspective on genre marta carretero ( madrid ) : the influence of genre on modality francisca gonzalez ( cordoba ) : interlanuae and the development of communicative competence ann - charlotte lindeberg ( helsinki ) : research articles in economic sciences francesca bargiela ( nottingham ) : business meetins as genre azaveli lwaitama ( dar es salaam ) : academic lectures and political harangues in kiswahili tim gibson ( nottingham ) : theme as one means of differentiating between sub-genres of abstract ignacio vazquez ( zaragoza ) : genre theory and translation maria gonzalez ( santiago ) : theme and initial position relevance . margaret berry ( nottingham ) : genre and / or register mujib rahman ( edinburh ) : an evaluation of the """" cars """" model for ra introductions caroline stainton ( nottingham ) : a genre-based approach to the understanding of the rhetorical dimension of discourse david hilborn ( nottingham ) : problems of genre-definition in liturical discourse jesus trillo ( madrid ) : continuative themes in oral discourse susan cockcroft ( nottingham ) : persuading people christopher taylor ( udine ) : sl and translation m . hazadiah ( selangor ) : the exchange as an element of topic-framework dirk noel ( antwerp ) : conjunction reconsidered geert craps ( leuven ) : thematic progression analysis reconsidered dionysis goutsos ( birmingham ) : aspects of halliday 's notion of theme and its application to greek adrian hare ( selangor ) : time and modality in law texts sara mills ( loughborough ) : gender and language further information and registration write to : hilary hillier department of english studies university of nottingham ng7 2rd uk fax : + 44 602 420 825 telephone : + 44 602 484848
 "",0
 479,""Subject: salk insitute job
  
  new research position salk institute for biological studies a new research position has become available for studying the development of sign language and spatial cognition in deaf and hearing children . the candidate will work with a team of deaf and hearing researchers and must be fluent ( or nearly fluent ) in american sign language ; the candidate should have an interest in language acquisition and psycholinguistics . a degree ( ba , ma , or phd ) in linguistics , psychology , or cognitive science is desirable but not mandatory . both deaf and hearing researchers are encouraged to apply . the position can begin as early as june 1st . please send a vita and a letter describing your interests to : dr . ursula bellugi laboratory for language and cognitive studies the salk institute 10010 north torrey pines rd . la jolla , ca 92037 for more information , you can contact dr . karen emmorey at voice : ( 619 ) 453 - 4100 , ext . 417 , or tdd : ( 619 ) 453 - 5470 , or e-mail : emmorey @ salk . bitnet
 "",0
 480,""Subject: who speaks languages ?
  
  > > from : vicki fromkin < iyo1vaf @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu > > > a much better response than being asked """" how many languages do you speak ? """" > > while that may still be the layperson 's view of our > > field , it is no longer the view among scientists and academicians across > > the board . vicki fromkin this raises an interesting issue : if linguists do not focus on learning many different languages , then are there any academics who do ? or are they mostly translators ? is it correct to assume that linguiists concerned with formalized grammars and symbol systems , rather than actually using language ? ( the analogy couls be made between a statistician and raw data ) michael sikillian
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 481,""Subject: syntax query
  
  a member of the tesl - l list asked why it was possible to say i can't remember the first time ( that ) i played golf but not i can't remember the first time when i played golf clearly the explanation revolves around the adverbial nature of the when - clause . my response centered around that fact . yet , i am not certain what exactly the role of the first time is in all this . obviously it is some kind of modifier . notionally , it seems to have an adverbial type role . is it a specifier of some kind though ? and why is following perfectly fine ? have you forgotten the first time when we played golf and these antigolf fana - tics invaded the country club , stole all the ball and filled the sand traps with quicksand ? michael newman
 "",0
 482,""Subject: syntax textbooks
  
  i need to order a textbook for a 2nd semester undergraduate syntax class . we used radford for the first semester , and i considering either cowper or haegeman for the second semester . has anyone out there used either of these books ? were you happy with them ? post to me , and i ' ll summarize if there is interest . thanks , * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * aaron broadwell , dept . of linguistics , university at albany - - suny , albany , ny 12222 gb661 @ thor . albany . edu
 "",0
 483,""Subject: re : 3 . 396 chomsky citations
  
  linguists have a tendency to think that both they and their field are special . the failure to cite work outside one 's time or paradigm is very general and stems from the social nature of academic discourse and society . it 's just as common in biology and physics as it is in linguistics , or in deconstructionist theology , for that matter . so , do n't worry , be happy . cite sapir if you want to , or baudouin de courtenay , my current favorite , but stop thinking that we ' re special or chosen ( though some of us clearly are ! ) .
 "",0
 484,""Subject: re : 3 . 396 chomsky citations
  
  i think that the large number of chomsky citations in linguistics is unfortunately due largely to the authoritarian nature of the chomsky - spawned linguistics that gets done : theory is simply not acceptable until it has received the imprimatur of chomsky , by his penning an essay or book which incorporates a student 's or accolyte 's idea . this is not so much an impugnment of chomsky : i personally think he is a great linguist ( and political observer ) ; it is rather an impugnment of the chomsky disciples . i gather that the ship of modern ( generative ) linguistics is so terribly tossed in the gales of ( what counts as ) science that every hand looks to the captain for guidance . and so , too often , the captain wears a halo . i think that chomsky would be cited less if linguistics was either more of a science than it is or at least more than its practitioners seem to believe .
 "",0
 485,""Subject: chomsky citations
  
  although i am a faithful reader of the linguist , i rarely contribute . this is a case , however , where i feel i can contribute with confidence , since i am a professional librarian ( and a linguist by avocation only at this point ) . it is clear that the large majority of citations to the work of chomsky are to his linguistic works , rather than to the more political ones . i looked briefly at the citations to the works of chomsky published in the 1980 's . i used the three databases produced by the institute for scientific information : arts & humanities search , science citation index , and social scisearch . these are the primary source for citation counts in all fields . note that the citation indexes look primarily at journal article references . also note that i did not delve into things in detail , that i made these counts based on short titles only , and that i am not an expert in the works of chomsky . overall , for the three databases , less than 5 % of the citations appear to be to chomsky 's nonlinguistic works ( remember , these are citations to works published in the 1980 's only ) . the percentages did vary between the three databases : arts & humanities - - - - - - - approx 3 % to nonlinguistic works social scisearch - - - - - - - - approx 7 % to nonlinguistic works science citation index - - much < 1 % to nonlinguistic works donna cromer centennial science and engineering library univ of new mexico info3 @ hal . unm . edu
 "",0
 486,""Subject: re : 3 . 396 chomsky citations
  
  i agree with mark durie that it is less curious that chomsky is cited so much than that others before him are cited so little , at least by linguists . for example , two of the most important issues in multilinear phonology , one fairly recent , the other around since the 70 's , are many-to - one mapping between tones and vowels and * prosodic licensing * , the notion that elements of one linguistic level must belong to units of a higher level ( usually the next level up ) . both of these notions are explicit principles of tagmemic phonology ( on the first cf . the last two paragraphs of pike & pike 1947 , then read the first line of the introduction to goldsmith 's 1976 phd thesis for an interesting contrast ; on the second principle , cf . pike 1967 and his discussion of the ` phonemic hierarchy ' ) . one rarely sees pike quoted in this regard ( e . selkirk has long been an exception to this pattern , though ) . geoff pullum 's nllt column on citation etiquette in linguistics takes up this general problem . this is partially understandable since a lot of tagmemics ' insights take the unappealing form of a disjoint set of ad-hoc commentaries on the last language pike looked at . nevertheless , there is no way to deny that pike is responsible for some brilliant insights into human language . and pike is just one example . there are plenty of others . it is not that anyone needs chomsky to make their work respectable . that is clearly false , whether the individual is saussure or a student . still , if anyone were to seriously doubt that it is chomsky , not saussure , nor bloomfield , nor sapir , nor even jakobson , who ` put linguistics on the map ' of the intellectual disciplines and who has done more to keep it there than anyone else is in need of some psychiatric help . moreover , the fact that chomsky publishes more than any other linguist ( if i am wrong , please correct me - that would be interesting ) does n't hurt his citation index . his output is nearly asimovian . his influence on the field can be seen even at the level of university administration : when a department chairperson wants to convince a university administrator that linguistics has natural intellectual ties to many departments , i do not think that they would drop the names of saussure or pike rather than chomsky . it is worth considering the possibility that many of the citations of chomsky 's work could be due to ignorance - if he said it , or even if we think he did , just cite him and nobody will argue ; why look for the * original * source ? that 's hard work and laziness too often prevails . but it is also true that , like it or not , the source of many of the most interesting ideas in history on human language came from 20d-219 , mit .
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 487,""Subject: the """" black hole """" of pre - chomskyan citations
  
  steve anderson 's new book on morphology should contain the follow - ing epigraph ( if he did n't change it before publication ) : """" linguistics will become a science when linguists begin standing on one another 's shoulders instead of one another 's toes """" . i think he has a point . we have reached the point where we are redoing some aspects of language more poorly than they were done the first time . the problem may have originated from the fact that little had been done in syntax prior to the work of the generative school ; little , that is , in comparison to what has been done since the instigation of that movement . jakobson 's and halle 's work in distinctive features also clearly superceded pre - vious work , making it difficult to find structuralist work relevant to what is going on today . however , anderson is right in chiding us for carrying this attitude over to morphology , where the current trend in and around massachusetts has hardly moved beyond bloomfield , the first to claim that affixes are regular lexical items . first rate morphologi - cal study goes back to the stoic philosophers , who were the first to tease apart grammatical categories and , on a different track , back to panini . not only is most current morphology failing to cite relevant sources , it is failing to take advantage of the discoveries of struc - turalist , neogrammarian , and even classical morphologists . these pre - decessors were particularly adept at finding problems in the theory of the linguistic sign . varro ( 47-45 ) was the first to attempt to define lexical categories in terms of [ + / - n , + / - v ] as well as lexicalizations . aristotle noticed that grammatical morphemes differed from lexical ones and the stoics first used the terms """" signifier """" and """" signified """" . i am jumping into the middle of this discussion but i think mark has touched the real issue : it is less that chomsky and other members of his school are quoted so much than that many others who make contri - butions - - often the same ones - - are quoted to little . the result which i am seeing more and more often is the second , third , fourth reinvention of the wheel . - - rbeard
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 488,""Subject: re : 3 . 396 chomsky citations
  
  i ' m neither surprised by the number of chomsky citations , nor their nature , and i do agree that linguistics owes much of its current status to chomsky 's work . however , i do n't think we ought to overemphasize the political citations , since , clearly , the linguistic ones come in droves . and , while vicki 's nobel - prize - winners ' citations speak to this point , let us not shun others that also give our profession honor - - one of my favorites is from woody allan , """" the whore of mensa """" ( 1972 ) : i ' m on the road a lot . you know how it is - - lonely . . . sure a guy can meet all the bimbos he wants . but really brainy women - - they ' re not easy to find on short notice . """" . . . """" well , i heard of this young girl . . . for a price , she ' ll come over and discuss any subject . . . symbolism 's extra . """" """" suppose i wanted noam chomsky explained to me by two girls ? """" . . . """" it 'd cost you . """" i hasten to disassociate myself with the sexism of the citation . lyle campbell
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 489,""Subject: re : 3 . 396 chomsky citations
  
  i would like to second mark durie 's concerns with what he calls a """" pre-generative black hole in modern citation patterns """" . it seems a real problem to me that so many of the younger scholars trained in the chomskian school of linguistics are almost completely ignorant of any work done outside that school . on the other hand it seems those who do have a solid knowledge of the history of ideas in linguistics and have an awareness of typological diversity and have worked seriously with a number of languages tend to produce superior work . a prime example is the work of michael silverstein , whose work is grounded on a very thorough knowledge of the work of sapir , boas , saussure , bloomfield , etc . , as well as experience doing detailed work with american indian and australian languages , as well as a good knowledge of work done in the philosophy of language .
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 490,""Subject: re : 3 . 402 queries : language - speakers , syntax , texts
  
  i would like to address the issue of """" who speaks languages ? """" it seems to me that this is a big problem . while linguists study structures of various kinds , language teachers study literature , and , if they ' re lucky , pedagogy ( very few graduate schools offer any theoretical orientation to teaching to literature students , which is where most college language teachers come from ) . thus many college language teachers must teach without background ( and with resentment , for some ) while they research in a different area entirely . when some linguists teach languages , they teach structures , not speaking . thus , when taking an unusually-taught language under the auspices of a linguistics department , all we did was talk about structure , we never learned to speak it . talking about language was thrown out many years ago as a way to learn to speak ! neither group , unhappy literature teachers nor structure-happy linguists , are likely to improve the image of language learning in this country . leslie morgan morgan @ loyvax
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 491,""Subject: re : 3 . 402 queries : language - speakers , syntax , texts
  
  the folks concerned with speaking a lot of languages would include those directing the mormon missionary effort and those who run the schools for diplomats ( etc . ) assigned to a variety of foreign postings . such people are very clever at developing language skills in their students but in part because they are remorselessly practical ( i . e . anti-theoretical ) . it strikes me that the popularity of language instruction by the intuitive method may explain in part why knowledge of grammar ( any sort of rudimentary grammar ) is no longer very common in the general population . lots of people get a dose of english grammar in middle school , but i wonder if that sort of thing will stick when it simply seems to tell you ( or even to misrepresent ) what you know already . if only seventh-grade grammar teachers could convince their students that it is interesting to see how systematically you behave without knowing it ! but this is the age at which one 's children may raise their voices in protest if you seem to be lecturing them about an area in which they lay claim to adult competence . . . . - - rick
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 492,""Subject: re : 3 . 402 queries : language - speakers , syntax , texts
  
  in answer to michael sikillian 's query : i like the analogy between linguists / language and statisticians / data . from a somewhat different , though related , point of view , here is another that i think is apt . many people must do calculations of various kinds now and again ( even given the mechanical aids we now have ) . there is a tendency among the laity to re - gard mathematicians as little more than skilled calculators ; but mathema - ticians are not mere calculators - - rather thay are ( to a degree ) investi - gators of the underlying principles of , e . g . , the number system ( and hence of the methods of calculation ) . one particular respect in which i think the analogy is a good one is this . many mathematicians , though not all , are highly adept at calculation . and many linguists , though not all , are ( a ) polyglots , and ( b ) more than routine - ly adept language learners . and the converse holds as well : there are goiod calculators who are n't much good at math and there are good language learners who can't fathom linguistics ( i know whereof i speak , believe me ! ) i suspect , though i am not sure , that you could take this even further . my experience suggests that most linguists get interested in the field as the result of a second language learning experience - - or at least that such an experience has an important influence on them . and i suspect that it 's also true that many mathematicians developed their interest in the beginning from thinking about what they were doing when they did addition , subtraction etc . since this is advanced as an empirical claim ( carefully hedged ) , data bearing on it is / are most welcome . michael kac
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 493,""Subject: re : 3 . 402 queries : language - speakers , syntax , texts
  
  about """" who speaks languages """" : on the one hand i ' m just as frustrated as most linguists with the question """" how many languages do you speak """" , but on the other hand i think it 's vastly incorrect to say """" linguists are concerned only with formalized grammars and symbol systems """" . the fact that some of us * are n't * concerned primarily with these issues is why the recent discussion on rules is for us so baffling . there are still some of us who are concerned with very good description of languages and language . not that writing grammars or dictionaries will get us grad students jobs . . . but there are a good number of us who are both fluent in contemporary theory and comfortable with large amounts of detailed language data . sometimes we speak one or more of the languages we ' re studying ; often we learn * about * the languages such that we end up with a very different kind of working knowledge than the native speaker has . many of us for whom careful data-gathering and analysis is a high priority can readily translate bits of the languages we work on , but would n't be much good in a conversation . i really feel that the two tasks are different - - i would n't make a very good simultaneous interpreter , and someone who would probably can't tell you the structural things that i can about the language in question . perhaps this is obvious to the more experienced linguists out there . . . but it 's been rattling around in my head after a couple of conferences where i met ( 1 ) great theoreticians who control very little data ( 2 ) great descrip - tivists who care very little about recent theoretical developments and ( 3 ) a healthy number of people , especially grad students , who cared about both . it seems those in the latter category are trying to be both collectors of raw data and statisticians , in the analogy that 's been offered . any thoughts on this ? kathleen hubbard u . c . berkeley
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 494,""Subject: new e - mail network
  
  a n n o u n c i n g asling - l : the e-mail network for people interested in sign linguistics ! this network has been established to discuss linguistic issues related to signed languages . all areas of linguistics will be discussed including syntax , acquisition , phonology , morphology , psycholinguistics , cognition , etc . to subscribe to the network , send a message to the following address : listserv @ yalevm . bitnet the message should include only the following line of text : sub asling - l your real name questions regarding the network can be sent directly to the listowner at : cromano @ uconnvm . bitnet looking forward to having you on board ! christine romano , list owner please pass this on to students or colleagues who may be interested !
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 495,""Subject: human sense disambiguation
  
  last year i sent out a request to the linguist list asking the following . . . > i am doing some research into word sense disambiguation applied to > information retrieval . recently i was reading a paper that said , > > """" a number of researchers in text processing have observed that people can > consistently determine the sense of a word simply by examining the half > dozen or so words just before and after the word in focus . """" > > but then the paper does n't seem to directly reference any papers mentioning > this . i would really like to track down these papers , does anyone have a > reference for them ? someone has just contacted me asking for a summary of the answers . i guess i should ' ve done this ages ago . still , better late than never . i got many replies but not all that many references that were what i needed . here are four references that are probably worth a look . the first two i ' ve found and they are spot on . the others i havn ' t seen . thanks to everyone who replied , it was a great help . y . choueka and s . luisgnan , """" disambiguation by short contexts """" , """" computers and the humanities """" , 19 ( 3 ) , pp147 - 157 , 1985 miller , g . a . , """" annual review of psychology """" , communication , vol 5 , pp401 - 420 , 1954 ( this contains a summary of work carried out by abraham kaplan ) graeme hirst , """" semantic interpretation and the resolution of ambiguity """" , studies in natural language processing , cambridge university press , 1987 , uk kathleen dahlgren : """" naive semantics for natural language understanding """" , boston : kluwer , 1988 . + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | mail : mark sanderson , department of computing science , | | the university , glasgow g12 8qq , scotland , uk . | + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | e - mail : sanderso @ dcs . glasgow . ac . uk | | tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 41 339 8855 x6292 < - - - - * * * new number * * * | | fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 41 330 4913 | + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | """" i ' m gonna get you in my tent tent tent tent tent | | so we can both experiment ment ment ment ment """" | + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
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 496,""Subject: re : 3 . 404 chomsky citations
  
  in view of the number of chomsky citations , it is puzzling to note that his ideas are not much used by the deconstructionists or other current """" literary theorists """" , even when issues of a rather obviously cognitivist nature arise . the major sociolinguists ( who surely qualify as radicals ) are also neglected . instead we find lots of sapir , saussure , and levi - strauss . the view from """" intellectual backwaters like paris """" ( to add another chomsky citation ) seems somewhat restricted geographically . - - rick
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 497,""Subject: re : 3 . 404 chomsky citations
  
  i would like to place a large bet that chomsky is by far the most cited linguist in the postings to the linguist list . . .
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 498,""Subject: 3 . 404 chomsky citations
  
  > date : wed , 13 may 92 12 : 48 : 37 - 0400 > from : dever @ pogo . isp . pitt . edu ( dan everett ) > > moreover , the fact that chomsky publishes more than > any other linguist ( if i am wrong , please correct me - that would be > interesting ) does n't hurt his citation index . his output is nearly > asimovian . i know of at least two other linguists whose output is as gargantuan as chomsky 's . it would be nice if someone could actually sit down and see who 's the real champion ( taking into account how long all concerned have been in the job ) . one is anna wierzbicka ( australian national university ) , the other one is pierre swiggers ( katholieke universiteit leuven ) . now , if both of them are quoted far less often than chomsky , it is not because they publish less , but because they deal with areas that for some reason or other appear to be less fashionable than """" pure autonomous syntax """" . > his influence on the field can be seen even at the level of university > administration : when a department chairperson wants to convince a > university administrator that linguistics has natural intellectual > ties to many departments , i do not think that they would drop the > names of saussure or pike rather than chomsky . agreed , by mentioning wierzbicka or swiggers , you would n't get half as far . but then again , the reason for this is the one mentioned above . > it is worth considering the possibility that many of the citations of > chomsky 's work could be due to ignorance - if he said it , or even if > we think he did , just cite him and nobody will argue ; why look for the > * original * source ? that 's hard work and laziness too often prevails . i ' ve got the distinct impression that the ignorance scenario is indeed a likely one . see for instance manning / parker in language sciences ( 1989 ; their paper on word order hierarchies , with its reference to lightfoot and chomsky ) and my reply in language sciences ( 1991 ; """" basic word order frequencies or manning / parker contra tomlin """" , pp . 79-88 ) . > date : 13 may 1992 23 : 20 edt > from : robert beard < rbeard @ flint . bucknell . edu > > > jakobson 's > and halle 's work in distinctive features also clearly superceded pre - > vious work , making it difficult to find structuralist work relevant to > what is going on today . hold it . . . in semantics , i clearly feel that structuralist work remains extremely relevant to what is going on today in linguistics . but maybe you guys will all think that what semanticists in general and this semanticist in particular is doing is entirely irrelevant . . . : - )
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 499,""Subject: integration and disintegration in phonological theory
  
  dan everett 's comment on my dissertation ( as i ' ve pointed out to him ) , and by implication on how that work fits into the work of its antecedents , is misleading . dan was for some reason alluding to the fact that in the mit version of the dissertation ( though not the one that has circulated from the iulc or published by garland , which are the ones usually cited ) i mentioned in the acknowledgements that my interest in tone started with reading will leben 's 1973 dissertation : a true fact . but the dissertation itself has a chapter , the first , entirely devoted to the proposition that this work was a continuation of a discussion that has been going on in american phonology since the 1940s ! dan , i think , sees pike as the most important theoretician to cite in that period ; in my writing , i ' ve focused more on bloch , harris , and ( in my 1980 book ) on hockett , rather than pike , but this is more a matter of style and taste than anything else . [ on the same theme , i have a paper coming out ( perhaps it has come out already ) in the journal of linguistics on the genealogical connections between prosodic ( firthian ) phonology and autosegemmental phonology . ] dan has also pointed out that some of the major contributors to phonology during this period who are still very much alive and intellectual active have felt slighted by the lack of citation of their work . as i tried to suggest in my paper on firthian phonology , this is more an indictment of normal human expectations of courtesy than it is the result of people actually forgetting about these phonologists ' good , published ideas ( there is much less of that latter sin than many people wish to believe - - a point that geoff huck and i have made in a recent paper on the relation of generative semantics to current syntactic theory ) . however - - and again from a purely human point of view - - i wonder how many people , like myself , who were publishing material on nonlinear phonology in , say , its first ten years ( 1975 to 1985 ) ever received a note from one of these contributers to the literature in the 1940s and 1950s ? speaking just for myself , i am sure i would have been galvanized to have been dropped a note by . . . any of a number of linguists ; in more recent years , i ' ve had the opportunity to discuss the history of the field , in writing and in person , with a number of these linguists . but i would have been absolutely delighted to have received such a comment , a bit of mild reproof perhaps from an established contributor ( who , now , i can perceive as feeling left out ) . i never did . anyone else ? john goldsmith
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 500,""Subject: 3 . 405 languages , citation
  
  prompted by margaret winters 's lament that students are n't being given a good historical appreciation of their subject , i picked robins 's ` short history of linguistics ' from my shelf . interestingly ` linguistics in the present century ' is the eighth and final chapter ( pp . 198 - - 233 ) . melville bell appears on 203 , along with sweet ; then comes trubetzkoy ( p . 204 ) , jespersen , hjelmslev ( 206 ) , boas , sapir , bloomfield ( 207 ) , harris ( 210 ) , hockett ( 211 ) , """" in recent years """" pike ( 212 ) , firth and malinowski ( 213 ) , halliday ( 221 ) , jakobson ( 222 ) , n . j . marr ( 225 ) ( remember him ? ) , lamb and chomsky ( 226 ) , katz and postal ( 227 ) , and that 's it ! ( the book was first published in 1967 ) . - - - john coleman
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 501,""Subject: 3 . 405 languages , citation
  
  let me respond in general to the """" do you speak many languages ? """" issue . let 's extend the statistician analogy . let 's say we ask our statistician , """" do you care about the individual data points ? """" s : yes , as long as they contribute to my model i : but you see yourself as independent of the data ? s : yes , as a statitician , my function is to discover the underlying structure from the data points . if i collect environmental data from bar harbor maine , it is no more important than if i did from seymour , indiana . what is significant is the rules , structure and theories which can be made from the individual data points . i : does the domain ( ie . subject area ) matter to you ? s : not except for some sentimental reason . whether it is environmental data or the performance of computer systems , it is all the same . the methodology is what matters . i : would you object to being a special branch of mathematics or computer science ? s : no , no . statistics is quite different . i : ultimately , are n't you justy applying mathematical methods under a different guise ? s : but the environment is different than anything else . i : have n't you just contradicted yourself ? s : let me rephrase then : the results have different effects depending on subject matter . i : but you are not concerned with the individuals in bar harbor , for whom particulates or acid rain is a large concern . you do n't want to understand the data nor make decisions based on it ? s : no , that is too remorselessly practical . i am a theoretician . i prefer to develop theories about statistics rather than gain any understanding of what , say . 001 m vs . 005 m particulates means in a given area . i focus on knowing about rather than knowing . if this ( fairly transparent ) dialogue did not make the point , let me add this ( more topical ) reference . if i know that the line : spargens humida mella soporiferumque papaver , and write a paper that says sparg + e + ns ( present participle marker ) humid + a ( neuter plural marker ) then develop a rule for the grammar used in this piece , rewite it in the phonetic alphabet , i will know a lot , from the point of whatever linguistic area i am coming from ( transformational grammar , phonetics , etc ) . and i can develop a rather * wonderful * description of the language used . but i think it is ultimately inadequate : for this line ( from virgil 's 4th aeneid ) is not the same as a mathematical data point of . 005 ppm . there is a vast difference between a formalized description of something , of knowing about language , and knowing a language . * translation : sprinkling moist honey and sleep-bearing poppy .
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 502,""Subject: youth - gang lipolalia
  
  pardon the neologism : lipogram = writing without using a designated letter , thus lipolalia would be the corresponding practice in speech . compare the discussion of english - prime of a few months ago . martin walker of the manchester guardian reports from los angeles about the youth gangs : """" the bloods , who never use a word beginning with the letter c of their rivals , the cripps , who in turn never use a word beginning with b for blood , are perhaps the best known . """" urban myth , or linguistic data ? can anyone ( dis ) corroborate ? - - - - lee hartman , southern illinois university
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 503,""Subject: query : sexist example sentences
  
  i know that some time in the past ( the 70 's ? ) some linguists became aware of the tendency to perpetuate sexist stereotypes in example sentences ( """" john is a doctor """" ; """" mary is a nurse """" ) , leading to the use of gender-neutral names in examples ( kim , sandy , chris , etc . ) . my question is : did anyone ever do ( and maybe publish ) a study of this tendency in actual example sentences in linguistics textbooks or articles ? thanks . monica macaulay
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 504,""Subject: re : 3 . 395 rules
  
  g . vanden wyngaerd writes : > 3 . 387 martti arnold nyman < manyman @ finuha . bitnet > writes : > ( 1 ) a is [ the man who is tall ] _ _ in the room ? > b is [ the man who _ _ tall ] is in the room ? > > why would a more or less random distribution over ( 1a ) and ( 1b ) be > expectable in the acquisition stage , if speakers unfailingly - - and so , > as the only pattern for children to base inductive generalizations on - - > produce ( 1a ) ? > the assumption implicit in nyman 's question is that children only > produce what they hear . this is plainly incorrect . children do not hear > forms like """" buyed """" , """" eated """" , or """" goed """" , yet they all go through a stage > where they produce these forms . this can only be because they make > generalisations ( rules , if you like ) , which go beyond what they hear . now > given that the main source of evidence on yes-no questions at the child 's > disposal will overwhelmingly consist of simple sentences of the form """" is > the man _ _ in the room """" , the child could make the generalisation either > in way : in terms of linear precedence ( """" front the first finite verb """" , > yielding ( 1b ) ) or in terms of hierarchical structure ( """" front the finite verb > which follows the subject """" , yielding ( 1a ) ) . the fact that children do not > make mistakes in this respect ( ie do not form ( 1b ) ) clearly shows that > the rule is not one learned by experience , the relevant experience not > being rich enough to determine the nature of the rule and not being > able to explain the absence of mistakes . there are a number of interesting things about wyngaerd 's statement here . 1 ) forms like """" buyed """" , """" goed """" , and """" eated """" may occur in child speech , but they are in a minority . the vast majority of attempts at irregular verbs are produced correctly . ( gary marcus and his colleagues at mit have a monograph on this that is not yet out . ) children do tend to produce what they here , at least statistically . 2 ) the assumption is made , in the absence of any data , that children rarely hear adults produce sentences like ( 1a ) above . this is an amazing claim , and i doubt that it is true . 3 ) even if it were true , wyngaerd is making generalizations about learning in the absence of a theory of learning . these last two things are unfortunately very common . why do we think that it 's ok to say , """" there 's no data on this , but if there were , i ' m sure it would be x """" , and expect people to take it seriously ? or """" i have no theory of learning , but i ' m sure that it would n't predict x """" ? i ' m a phonologist , and i have n't kept up with changes in syntactic theory , and i ' m sure that i would n't be allowed to get away with statements like """" i have no reasonable formal theory of syntax , but if i did , i ' m sure that it could n't accommodate subj-aux inversion , so all theories of formal syntax must be wrong """" . but this statement is no different in kind from the other ones . one last statement implicit in much work in linguistics : """" i have no theory of genetics , ontogeny , or evolutionary biology , but i ' m sure that if i did , modern linguistic assumptions about innateness would fit in real well . """" maybe we should ask a bit more of ourselves that we often do . - - - joe stemberger
 "",0
 505,""Subject: rules , innateness , psychological reality
  
  guido vanden wyngaerd ( vol-3 - 395 ) claims that the wh-island constraint is innate . if it is innate , there is really nothing to explain . to vindicate his claim , wyngaerd purports to show that cognitive principles such as analogy make false predictions about how the structure of yes-no questions is acquired : if it were acquired by analogy , one would expect a more or less random distribution over ( 1a ) and ( 1b ) : ( 1 ) a is [ the man who is tall ] _ _ in the room ? b * is [ the man who _ _ tall ] is in the room ? as the reason for this distributional expectation wyngaerd gives this : > given that the main source of evidence on yes-no questions at the child 's > disposal will overwhelmingly consist of simple sentences of the form """" is > the man _ _ in the room """" , the child could make the generalisation either > in way : in terms of linear precedence ( """" front the first finite verb """" , > yielding ( 1b ) ) or in terms of hierarchical structure ( """" front the finite verb > which follows the subject """" , yielding ( 1a ) ) . the fact that children do not > make mistakes in this respect ( ie do not form ( 1b ) ) clearly shows that > the rule is not one learned by experience , the relevant experience not > being rich enough to determine the nature of the rule and not being > able to explain the absence of mistakes . the above passage proves nothing . it would be interesting , indeed , to hear psycholinguists ' opinions about this kind of conjectural psycholinguistics . meanwhile , let me continue conjecturing , for the sake of argument . that """" the relevant experience [ is not ] rich enough to determine the nature of the rule """" echoes the well-known ' poverty of stimulus ' argument , which has never been proven . in the case at hand , it is easy to conjecture what sort of data / experience is relevant for a child to infer that yes-no questions are formed in terms of hierarchical structure . consider where-questions : where is [ x ] ? [ x ] is in z . is [ x ] in z ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - where is [ x who is y ] ? [ x who is y ] is in z . is [ x who is y ] in z ? in principle , analogy works here quite well : the where-question displays the hierarchy which can be analogically extended to other cases . but i am not concerned with whether or not analogy works in this particular case . what i am concerned with is , objecting to wholesale innatism . notice that this does not make me a _ tabula _ rasa _ proselyte . certainly children possess innate cognitive principles and abilities , but from this it does not follow that human beings are necessarily endowed with a grammar as a mental organ ; nor does it follow that the cognitive principles are linguistic or grammatical in nature . it should be clear from my earlier postings that i do not hold that """" children only produce what they hear """" . so , i concur with wyngaerd 's view that > children do not hear > forms like """" buyed """" , """" eated """" , or """" goed """" , yet they all go through a stage > where they produce these forms . this can only be because they make > generalizations ( rules , if you like ) , which go beyond what they hear . i expect wyngaerd to concur with me that forms like """" buyed """" , """" eated """" , or """" goed """" are due to analogy . > as far as the rest of nyman 's remarks is concerned , i still fail to > see how and why they motivate a distinction between grules and lrules : in his _ knowledge _ of _ grammar _ ( 1986 ) , chomsky speaks of rules as follws : """" it might be appropriate to describe the way a sheep dog collects the flock , or the way a spider spins a web , or the way a cockroach walks in terms of rule following , with reference to underlying """" competence """" consisting of rules of some sort . . . """" ( 239 ) . if you think this is analogical to linguistic behavior , you won't need recognize the conceptual distinction between social norms-of - language ( l - rules as objects of common knowledge ) and theoretical generalizations as formulated by a linguist ( g - rules ) . g ( rammatical ) rules need not be psychologically real , but if they are supposed to be psychologically valid , this means that g - rules are supposed to describe what the internalized rule must consist in ; no one knows how """" brain rules """" are represented ( mentalese ? ) . martti nyman department of linguistics , university of helsinki , finland
 "",0
 506,""Subject: re : 3 . 408 adjuncts
  
  on the use of """" when """" as equivalent to """" that """" in sentences like """" i remember the time when i first played golf """" cf . the spatial neighbor """" where """" in e . g . """" i can't see my way clear to where i could do that for you """" , or the mathematicians ' usage ( """" where x ranges over some entities . . . . """" ) . - - rick
 "",0
 507,""Subject: re : 3 . 408 adjuncts
  
  re michael newman 's query and the responses : in my english """" when """" is permissable as a rel . cl . marker and c . l . baker . 1989 . english syntax . explicitly says so on p . 238 . i do n't agree that any kind of elision has taken place or that it is an adverbial clause of time . the problem if there is one is simply the collocation of the two words """" time """" and """" when """" which do n't sit comfortably together to the english ear . consider for acceptability : 1 ) i remember the first occasion when we played golf . the rejection of """" when """" in the sentence newman cites : 2 ) i do n't remember the first time when i played golf . is made not on structural or syntactic grounds but purely on the basis i suggest that """" time """" means """" when """" and thus sounds awkward . on a scale of acceptability the following sentence might lie twixt the others : 3 ) i remember the first day when i played golf . since day is less basically a word like """" time """" ( = meaning when ) we may judge this as more acceptable . """" that """" is also perhaps by choice the strongest marker in english of restrictiveness in rel . cl . and since that is what the function of these rel clauses are to restrict the """" day """" or """" time """" we prefer """" that """" in a """" formal """" sense . as to the chaining with """" and """" , i suspect that what those kinds of sentences represent are : 4 ) i remember the first day when we played golf ( delete and ) that these noisy buggers came along and ruined our game . """" and """" is effectively introducing an np that . . . not another rel cl . lloyd holliday school of education la trobe university , melbourne edulh @ lure . latrobe . edu . au
 "",0
 508,""Subject: re : 3 . 408 adjuncts
  
  in a language where many speakers confuse """" which """" and """" that """" , is it any surprise that there is flexibility regarding """" that """" and """" when """" ? can anyone name the first scholar who noted these things ? < grin > eric schiller
 "",0
 509,""Subject: tolkienian linguistics
  
  i know that the subject of tolkienian linguistics is not exactly at the forefront of modern linguisitic research , but i also know that many modern linguists were inspired , in whole or in part , by the life and linguistic creations of j . r . r . tolkien , whose centenary is being celebrated this year . so , in that spirit , i would like to let everyone here know about """" vinyar tengwar """" ( issn 1054-7606 ) , a bimonthly journal devoted to formal study of tolkien 's linguistic work , with primary focus on his invented languages , especially quenya and sindarin ( noldorin ) . """" vinyar tengwar """" is refereed , and is now indexed by the mla . it is published in bulletin format , with a typical issue containing 32 pages . """" vt """" will enter its fifth year of continuous publication in september . current areas of discussion include the indo - european connections of the eldarin tongues , analyses of the corpus , formal aspects of the various languages , foreign translations , etc . past issues have featured the book quenya noun declension chart , and analyses of several otherwise unpublished quenya samples . subscriptions to """" vt """" are for one year ( 6 issues ) ; the rates are $ 12 in the united states , $ 15 canada and overseas surface mail , and $ 18 overseas airmail . all payments must be in us dollars : foreign subscribers are encouraged to use an international postal money order . send all subscriptions , and make all checks payable , to : carl f . hostetter editor , """" vinyar tengwar """" 2509 ambling circle crofton , md 21114
 "",0
 510,""Subject: the merry month
  
  thanks to rick wojcik for remembering to remember these . . . jim mccawley dates in the month of may that are of interest to linguists may 2 , 1919 . baudouin de courtenay concedes defeat in his bid for the presidency of poland . may 3 , 1955 . mouton & co . discover how american libraries order books and scheme to cash in by starting several series of books on limericks . the person given charge of this project mishears and starts several series of books on linguistics . no one ever notices the mistake . may 5 , 1403 . the great english vowel shift begins . giles of tottenham calls for ale at his favorite pub and is perplexed when the barmaid tells him that the fishmonger is next door . may 6 , 1939 . the university of chicago trades leonard bloomfield to yale university for two janitors and an undisclosed number of concrete gargoyles . may 7 , 1966 . r-less pronunciation is observed in eight kindergarten pupils in secaucus , n . j . the governor of new jersey stations national guardsmen along the banks of the hudson . may 9 , 1917 . n . ja . marr discovers rosh , the missing link for japhetic unity . may 11 , 1032 . holy roman emperor conrad ii orders isoglosses erected across northern germany as defense against viking intruders . may 12 , 1965 . sydney lamb announces discovery of the hypersememic stratum , setting off a wave of selling on the nyse . may 13 . vowel day . ( public holiday in kabardian autonomous region ) . the ceremonial vowel is pronounced by all kabardians as a symbol of brotherhood with all speakers of human languages . may 14 , 519 b . c . birth of panini . may 15 , 1964 . j . katz and j . fodor are separated in 5 - hour surgery from which neither recovers . may 17 , 1966 . j . r . ross tells a clean joke . may 18 , 1941 . quang phuc dong is captured by the japanese and interned for the duration of hostilities . may 19 . diphthong day . ( public holiday in australia ) may 20 , 473 b . c . publisher returns to panini a manuscript entitled _ saptadhyayi _ with a note requesting the addition of a chapter on phonology . panini begins struggling to meet the publisher 's deadline . may 21 , 1962 . first mention of the _ sound _ pattern _ of _ english as ` in press ' . may 23 , 38 , 471 b . c . god creates language . may 26 , 1945 . zellig harris applies his newly formulated discovery procedures and discovers [ t ] . may 27 , 1969 . george lakoff discovers the global rule . supermarkets in cambridge , mass . are struck by frenzied buying of canned goods . may 29 , 1962 . angular brackets are discovered . classes at m . i . t . are dismissed and much latvian plum brandy is consumed . may 30 , 1939 . charles f . hockett finishes composing the music for the linguistic society of america 's anthem , ` can you hear the difference ? ' may 31 , 1951 . chomsky discovers affix - hopping and is reprimanded by his father for discovering rules on shabas .
 "",0
 511,""Subject: new journal : languages of the world
  
  new journal : languages of the world issue no . 3 has just appeared scientific advisory board : l . o . adewole ( ile - ife ) s . brauner ( leipzig ) u . claudi ( cologne ) m . job ( marburg ) a . kaye ( fullerton ) j . j . song ( singapore ) t . stolz ( bochum ) editor : u . lueders ( munich ) contents of the third issue : a . k . maltsukov ( st . petersburg ) : distributive constructions and verbal valence in even ( manchu - tungusic ) u . lueders ( munich ) : ergativity and actant marking in pazar laz ( kartvelian ) l . o . adewole ( ile - ife ) : reference in yoruba pronouns and : the linguistic news lines with about 200 pieces of information on the linguistic scene around the world . languages of the world is published by lincom europa . lincom europa was founded to offer linguists additional possibilities for publishing their work . especially the p&e system ( pay & earn ) enables linguists to publish their work in a fast , uncomplicated and independent manner . to order languages of the world , please write to lincom europa sportplatzstrasse 6 d - w-8044 unterschleissheim / muenchen ( 10 issues us $ 140 , for individuals $ 100 , for students $ 68 )
 "",0
 512,""Subject: athapaskan language conference
  
  1992 athabaskan linguistics conference july 4 - 5 , flagstaff arizona preliminary program saturday , july 4 9-10 coffee and registration 10 : 00 sharon hargus , university of washington title tba 10 : 30 john files , university of texas , austin autosegmental analysis of tone in navajo verbs coffee 11 : 30 martha wright , syracuse university another look at word-formation with classifiers in navajo 12 : 00 gloria emerson aspects of a navajo language program 12 : 30 - 2 lunch 2 : 00 brian potter , university of arizona navajo compounding : an interaction between syntax and morphology 2 : 30 peggy speas , university of massachusetts mapping indefinite nps in navajo 3 : 00 eloise jelinek , university of arizona pronoun attachment to the verb in athapaskan break 4 : 00 ann beck , northern arizona university developing a test of language dominance for navajo children 4 : 30 alyce neundorf , northern arizona university future prospects for navajo language study sunday , july 5 10 : 00 jim kari , title tba 10 : 30 siri tuttle , university of washington nasal harmony in galice athabaskan coffee break 11 : 30 chad thompson , indiana univ . and purdue univ . at fort wayne the metrics of koyukon verb prefixes 12 : 00 sally midgette aspect and transitivity in navajo 12 : 30 - 2 : 00 lunch 2 : 00 robert young , university of new mexico title to be announced 2 : 30 willem dereuse , university of arizona testing the degree of mutual intelligibility between navajo and western apache 3 : 00 report on the workshops at navajo community college all talks will be held at the northern arizona university center for excellence in education . a block of rooms has been reserved at the inn at northern arizona university , which is a motel located on campus . you may reserve a room by calling ( 602 ) 523-9011 . some accommodations in the nau dormitories will also be available . for information on this , contact alyse neundorf at the center for excellence in education , ( 602 ) 523-9528 . for information by email , contact peggy speas . ( speas @ cs . umass . edu )
 "",0
 513,""Subject: re : 3 . 405 languages , citation
  
  michael kac 's mathematics analogy is interesting and appropriate . i would extend it even to mathematicians who can't figure the tip on a dinner bill without a calculator , and linguists who are only fluent in their native language . unfortunately , this analogy is useless for the many people who understand neither field . like the rest of you , i have had my share of """" how many languages do you speak ? """" similarly , as an undergraduate math major , a common reaction was """" oh , so you ' re going to be a cpa like your mother ? """" melody sutton ucla
 "",0
 514,""Subject: re : 3 . 405 languages
  
  in the context of """" who speaks languages ? """" let me comment on how one becomes a linguist . michael kac writes : > i suspect , though i am not sure , that you could take this even further . my > experience suggests that most linguists get interested in the field as the > result of a second language learning experience - - or at least that such an > experience has an important influence on them . this might be true for many linguists . i would like to generalize this observation : it seems to me that many linguists have entered the field because at some point in their lives they have had trouble with using language or with communication in general . this could have been while learning a ( first or ) second language . this could have been because of growing up in a multi-language environment or because of a physical handicap such as stutter . linguistics then serves as a ( formal ) tool to compensate for this deficiency . i can vividly remember how i struggled with german punctuation rules in 6th grade and how i felt relieved when i began to understand the structure of sentences and how this knowledge could be applied to find the correct spot for commas , etc . this started my interested in linguistics and that is how i ended up as a ( computational ) linguist . i 'd be very interested to learn if there is more evidence for my hypothesis . martin volk * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * martin volk * university koblenz - landau tel ( + 49 ) 261-9119 - 469 * institute of computational linguistics * rheinau 3 - 4 fax ( + 49 ) 261-37524 * w-5400 koblenz , germany email volk @ brian . uni-koblenz . de * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",0
 515,""Subject: words to live ( and rock ) by [ linguists in the mass media
  
  in case you missed it , the following excerpts are taken from the current ( april / may 1992 ) issue of lingua franca , p . 5 we ' ve heard of some unusual career trajectories but our favorite has to be that of robert leonard , who started his professional life as lead singer of the fifties retread group sha na na ( photos show a sullenly handsome guy in saran wrap - tight gold lam ' e and a pompadour like a fallen souffl ' e ) and ended up - - you guessed it - - as a theoretical linguist with a specialization in swahili . . . leonard simply realized he would ' rather be a fifty-year - old linguistics professor than a fifty-year - old rocker ' . """" [ and who of us would dispute that sentiment ? ] the prosaic data : bob leonard 's ph . d . was awarded by columbia u . , thesis title """" the semantic system of deixis in standard swahili """" , and he 's teaching at hofstra u . on long island .
 "",0
 516,""Subject: re : 3 . 403 human subjects
  
  i am not clear about the laws outside the uk but surely the problem with using human subjects speaking is copyright ? unless you have clearance fronm them use of theri words in an y ' published ' form might contravene their rights . certaibly authors of ' authetntic ' , aterr / materials have faced this issue for soime time .
 "",0
 517,""Subject: re : 3 . 399 human subjects
  
  when our graduate seminar in linguistics of asl was preparing to videotape deaf native signers , at berkeley in the late seventies , our """" informed consent """" forms had to specify what uses we might eventually make of the tapes and data and request the subjects ' assent to them . one aspect of that experience bears on the question of adults with low literacy . we all wrote our own forms . one member of the seminar focused on the legal and contractual nature of the document and wrote a very legalese text , in the formal style distinctive of laws and contracts and incorporating many of the obscure and highly formal archaisms often noted therein : - ) . ( example made up from memory : """" . . . whereas the party of the first part may at some future time herein unspecified desire to exhibit such tapes . . . """" ) . another student , keeping in mind the low english skills of many deaf people , wrote a form that tended to short , conversational statements and questions ( """" . . . i may want to show parts of these tapes to other linguists so i can tell them about the things i find out about asl . is that ok with you ? please initial : yes _ _ _ _ or no _ _ _ _ . . . . """" ) the consensus of the group was that the second style was much preferable . it 's perfectly possible to be precise without being complex or obscure , and a document that your subject can't understand runs a great risk of obtaining consent without providing information . i ' m not sure how we handled the issue of subjects unable to understand even a simple - english form , or whether it came up . we may have had a certified interpreter explain it to the prospective subject and discuss it to be sure the subject understood , while videotaping this whole discussion , and having the interpreter start by explaining that we were taping and getting the subject 's consent to that . this tape would then accompany the signed ( = """" signatured """" ) consent form . mark a . mandel dragon systems , inc . : speech recognition : + 1 617 965-5200 320 nevada st . : newton , mass . 02160 , usa
 "",0
 518,""Subject: conference aisb ' 93 call for papers
  
  = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = aisb ' 93 conference : announcement and call for papers theme : """" prospects for ai as the general science of intelligence """" 29 march - - 2 april 1993 university of birmingham = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 1 . introduction 2 . invited talks 3 . topic areas for submitted papers 4 . timetable for submitted papers 5 . paper lengths and submission details 6 . call for referees 7 . workshops and tutorials 8 . lagb conference 9 . email , paper mail , phone and fax . 1 . introduction the society for the study of artificial intelligence and the simulation of behaviour ( one of the oldest ai societies ) will hold its ninth bi-annual conference on the dates above at the university of birmingham . the site is manor house , a charming and convivial residential hall close to the university . tutorials and workshops are planned for monday 29th march and the morning of tuesday 30th march , and the main conference will start with lunch on tuesday 30th march and end on friday 2nd april . the programme chair is aaron sloman , and the local arrangements organiser is donald peterson , both assisted by petra hickey . the conference will be """" single track """" as usual , with invited speakers and submitted papers , plus a """" poster session """" to allow larger numbers to report on their work , and the proceedings will be published . the conference will cover the usual topic areas for conferences on ai and cognitive science . however , with the turn of the century approaching , and with computer power no longer a major bottleneck in most ai research ( apart from connectionism ) it seemed appropriate to ask our invited speakers to look forwards rather than backwards , and so the theme of the conference will be """" prospects for ai as the general science of intelligence """" . submitted papers exploring this are also welcome , in addition to the normal technical papers . 2 . invited talks so far the following have agreed to give invited talks : prof david hogg ( leeds ) """" prospects for computer vision """" prof allan ramsay ( dublin ) """" prospects for natural language processing by machine """" prof glyn humphreys ( birmingham ) """" prospects for connectionism - science and engineering """" . prof ian sommerville ( lancaster ) """" prospects for ai in systems design """" titles are provisional . 3 . topic areas for submitted papers papers are invited in any of the normal areas represented at ai and cognitive science conferences , including : ai in design , ai in software engineering teaching ai and cognitive science , analogical and other forms of reasoning applications of ai , automated discovery , control of actions , creativity , distributed intelligence , expert systems , intelligent interfaces intelligent tutoring systems , knowledge representation , learning , methodology , modelling affective processes , music , natural language , naive physics , philosophical foundations , planning , problem solving , robotics , tools for ai , vision , papers on neural nets or genetic algorithms are welcomed , but should be capable of being judged as contributing to one of the other topic areas . papers may either be full papers or descriptions of work to be presented in a poster session . 4 . timetable for submitted papers submission deadline : 1st september 1992 date for notification of acceptances : mid october 1992 date for submission of camera ready final copy : mid december 1992 the conference proceedings will be published . long papers and invited papers will definitely be included . selected poster summaries may be included if there is space . 5 . paper length and submission details full papers : 10 pages maximum , a4 or 8 . 5 """" x11 """" , no smaller than 12 point print size times roman or similar preferred , in letter quality print . poster submissions 5 pages summary excessively long papers will be rejected without being reviewed . all submissions should include 1 . full names and addresses of all authors 2 . electronic mail address if available 3 . topic area 4 . label : """" long paper """" or """" poster summary """" 5 . abstract no longer than 10 lines . 6 . statement certifying that the paper is not being submitted elsewhere for publication . 7 . an undertaking that if the paper is accepted at least one of the authors will attend the conference . three copies are required . 6 . call for referees anyone willing to act as a reviewer during september should write to the programme chair , with a summary cv or indication of status and experience , and preferred topic areas . 7 . workshops and tutorials the first day and a half of the conference are allocated to workshops and tutorials . these will be organised by dr hyacinth s . nwana , and anyone interested in giving a workshop or tutorial should contact him at : department of computer science , university of keele , staffs . st5 5bg . u . k . phone : + 44 782 583413 , or + 44 782 621111 ( x 3413 ) email janet : nwanahs @ uk . ac . keele . cs bitnet : nwanahs % cs . kl . ac . uk @ ukacrl uucp : . . . ! ukc ! kl-cs ! nwanahs other : nwanahs @ cs . keele . ac . uk 8 . lagb conference . shortly before aisb ' 93 , the linguistics association of great britain ( lagb ) will hold its spring meeting at the university of birmingham from 22-24 th march , 1993 . for more information , please contact dr . william edmondson : postal address as below ; phone + 44 - ( 0 ) 21-414 - 4763 ; email edmondsonwh @ vax1 . bham . ac . uk 9 . email , paper mail , phone and fax . email : * aisb93 - prog @ cs . bham . ac . uk ( for communications relating to submission of papers to the programme ) * aisb93 - delegates @ cs . bham . ac . uk ( for information on accommodation , meals , programme etc . as it becomes available - - - enquirers will be placed on a mailing list ) address : aisb ' 93 ( prog ) or aisb ' 93 ( delegates ) , school of computer science , the university of birmingham , edgbaston , birmingham , b15 2tt , u . k . phone : + 44 - ( 0 ) 21-414 - 3711 fax : + 44 - ( 0 ) 21-414 - 4281 donald peterson , april 1992 .
 "",0
 519,""Subject: closing linguistics at soas call for help ! ! !
  
  soas department of phonetics and linguistics to be closed in october 1992 dear colleagues , on tuesday may 19 , dr david bennett , head of our department , was told that we would cease functioning as of october of this year . we are a department of the school of oriental and african studies of the university of london . the members of our department are : dr david bennett prof thea bynon dr wynn chao dr monik charette dr katrina hayward dr richard hayward * dr george hewitt * * dr bruce ingham prof jonathan kaye prof ruth kempson * cross appointed with the africa department * * cross appointed with the near and middle east department our department offers degrees at the ba , ma , mphil and phd level . approximately 60 students , mostly at the postgraduate level are enrolled . many other students , particularly from university college , london ( ucl ) take courses with us . we run an ma - linguistics and an ma - phonetics programme jointly with ucl . we also have an ma in english - arabic applied linguistics and translation together with birbeck college . all these programmes will of course be affected by this decision . the department of phonetics and linguistics is the oldest linguistic department in the u . k . it was the home of the """" london school """" which received worldwide attention under the intellectual leadership of prof jr firth . his chair , which i occupy today , was the first chair of linguistics in the u . k . over the years our graduates have distinguished themselves in many areas of linguistics . later postings will provide a partial list of the more well known soas graduates . it is acknowledged , even by the administration of soas , that we remain a centre of academic excellence in our field . the decision to close the soas linguistics department was made with no consultation , no advanced warning . it was a result of discussions by the governing body of the school , the finance and general purposes committee and the management committee . there is no linguistic representation on any of these bodies . the reasons given for closing the department are : ( 1 ) severe budget cuts ( 2 ) our low number of undergraduate students ( 3 ) the """" general perception """" that our department is not well integrated into the school . it was stated that , among the options considered closing our department would cause the """" least harm """" to the school . no one was present to represent the linguistics side of the story . this decision will be presented to the academic board of the school on wednesday may 27 . the academic board has an advisory role only but we are hoping to mobilise school opinion against this decision . unlike similar cases in other countries , most of the members of our department will not be redeployed elsewhere in the school . recent legislation has virtually destroyed the notion of tenure in the u . k . many of us are facing """" premature retirement """" , """" redundancy """" or some form of """" severance """" agreement . the administration of the school seems to feel that we will easily find jobs and that terminating our employment at the school will cause us no undue hardships . given the administration 's figures for the cost of severing their relation with us , the offers that we are likely to receive from the school will not be very attractive . as of now , no statement has been forthcoming about our future at the school but the director has stated that he will be meeting with us individually next week . we will keep you posted on this aspect . if you would like to do something to try and help us stop the closing of our department , please send ( in order of preference ) a fax or a letter to me at the address and fax number given below . if possible use your institution 's letterhead . please feel free to make comments about our department as a whole or about individual members with whose work or reputation you are familiar . pass this message along to your colleagues and encourage them to write as well . if you feel so inclined , departmental resolutions reflecting your opinion of this event would be quite helpful . i hope to be able to arrive at next wednesday 's meeting with an armful of your letters ( copies of all letters will be sent to our director ) and your support will do a lot to improve our spirits . this will be a long and difficult struggle both for our department and for our jobs and careers . thank you in advance for listening and for your support . jonathan kaye professor of general linguistics department of phonetics & linguistics school of oriental and african studies thornhaugh street , russell square london , wc1h 0xg u . k . e-mail : jk @ ukacrl . earn jk @ uk . ac . rl . ib ( janet ) fax number : ( 44 ) + 71-436 - 3844
 "",0
 520,""Subject: soas ceases all publications and cancels linguistics !
  
  forwarded from indology : date : wed , 20 may 92 14 : 25 : 06 + 0100 reply - to : indology discussion list < indology @ liverpool . ac . uk > sender : owner of indology < qq43 @ liverpool . ac . uk > from : dominik wujastyk < ucgadkw @ ucl . ac . uk > on monday this week the management committee of soas decided to close the soas publications ' department , and also the department of linguistics . later the same day , all staff members connected with these departments were given notice that their contracts would terminate in september 1992 . this means that the bulletin of soas , a pillar of indological publication , will disappear , along with all other book series etc . discussions will be initiated with publishers like blackwells and oup to see if they want to take over bsoas , china forum , etc . but it is hard to see how any publishing company will be able to provide the specialized editorial functions which have until now been supported by soas . the loss of the complete linguistics department is equally horrific . the background to this - - as far as i can gather - - is further cause for alarm . apparently soas has always received an annual special funding supplement because the department of education recognised that oriental and african languages are needed by the nation , but will never get the student numbers of other mainstream subjects . this enabled soas to have a higher staff : student ratio than other colleges of london university . this year , the university funding council ( ufc ) forgot to pay the special funding supplement , leaving soas with a financial shortfall of 650 , 000 pounds this year . but when the clerical error was discovered , the ufc refused to make good the amount , and furthermore decided that it would not reinstate the special funding in the future . soas 's response to this is to save money on the most expensive part of their budget , namely staff salaries . i think indology members will agree that the whole story is incredible for many reasons , but nevertheless it is true . it is hard to avoid the impression of farcical mismanagement by the ufc and a devastatingly inadequate response from soas itself . perhaps there are mitigating facts that have not yet come to light , but if so , they are not known to the staff members at soas who have been sacked , nor to other staff members . letters of protest should be addressed to mr . michael mcwilliam , director , school of oriental and african studies , thornhaugh street , russell square , london wc1h 0xg england . dominik
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 521,""Subject: closure of famous department of linguistics
  
  we have just heard that the department of linguistics of the school of oriental and african studies in london is threatened with closure . members of the department heard of it this week ; there has been no previous consultation . the school has had its funds cut and decided to cut down on all its publications programme and on its linguistics activities . the department threatened has an illustrious history ; the first ever chair of linguistics in britain was held in soas by firth . at present the members of the department include dr david bennett , prof . theodora bynon , dr wynn chao , dr monik charette , dr katrina haywood , dr dick haywood fba , dr hewitt , dr bruce ingham , prof . jonathan kaye , prof ruth kempson fba , prof . emeritus r . h . robins fba . it is useless to stress how distinguished the department is and how much a school which has primary responsibility for the study of oriental and african languages needs to have a department of linguistics and phonetics . letters of protest should be addressed to the director , school of oriental and african studies , thornhaugh street , russell square , london wc1 , england . it would be useful to send copies to the chairman of the department ( dr d . bennett ) at the same address and to the vice - chancellor of the university of london , senate house , malet street , london wc1 , england . the fax number of soas is44 - 71-436 - 3844 . anna morpurgo davies
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 522,""Subject: closings of academic depts and layoffs at san diego state
  
  on may 13 , san diego state university , facing a probable 8 . 5 % budget cut from state funding , amounting to about an $ 11 million shortfall , announced major eliminations of , and cuts in , academic programs . these cuts entail layoffs of tenured faculty . due to be shut down , with layoff of all faculty , are the departments of anthropology , german&russian , religious studies , natural sciences ( trains high school science teachers ) , family studies & consumer sciences , aerospace engineering , health sciences , and industrial studies . scheduled for cuts of faculty , of varying scale , in within-dept reverse order of seniority , are the departments of french&italian ( 3 of 11 ) , sociology ( 8 of 27 ) , math ( 8 of 60 or so ) , and chemistry ( 14 of 23 ) . the policy is to cut """" narrowly and deeply . """" although discussion has been going on all year in the senate about the potential for serious funding cuts and ways this university might respond to them , including program cuts , these cuts were announced suddenly , with no prior consultation with the affected departments . official notice to individual faculty members of layoff is scheduled for """" mid - june . """" > from that time laid-off faculty will have 120 days remaining on the payroll . the athletic department is eliminating golf , track and field , and one or two other minor sports , a cut of about $ 200 - $ 250k . the football and basketball programs are untouched ; the baseball program has lost a number of scholarships ( according to this morning 's sports section of the san diego union - tribune ) . at this point there is no word of cuts in administration . cuts in the school of business have apparently been trivial in comparison with those suffered by the college of arts and letters , the college of sciences , and other colleges . some affected faculty are contemplating legal action , and other remedies are being discussed . three administrative moves may have some potential for reversing the layoffs : cutting ( or eliminating ) intercollegiate athletics , instituting a golden handshake program , and instituting a university-wide salary reduction of up to 10 % . although the union is currently negotiating a golden handshake program , we do n't know how far along the negotiations are and whether it will be possible to put it in place quickly enough to have an effect on the current crisis . there are legal and adminstrative problems with the salary cut . we do n't know whether they ' re surmountable or not . the whole california state university system - - 20 campuses , including the new one at san marcos in northern san diego county - - face the same funding shortfall , but apparently ( we have at this point hardly any information ) campus responses vary a good deal . we ask that you consider writing to pres . thomas b . day , san diego state university , san diego , ca 92182 , expressing outrage at this unprecedented frontal assault on tenure and the centrality of academics to the university . if the attack is allowed to stand , the consequences for higher education within california and everywhere are incalculable . more importantly , we ask that you write to california state legislators and state senators . we will provide names and addresses if you contact us . we would be grateful for copies of any correspondence sent in connection with this crisis . we are sending this information out now , incomplete though it is , in order that linguists may be informed as early as possible in this developing crisis . jeff kaplan charlotte webb ( chair , linguistics and oriental languages dept )
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 523,""Subject: what language is this ?
  
  the toronto police have contacted our department for help in identifying the language of the label on a ball of wool in the purse of an elderly woman accused of shoplifting . she does not speak english and the police wish to obtain an interpreter for her . the following was dictate to me over the telephone ( so may not be 100 % accurate ) : ata lucru de myna din bumbac cardat . . . . please send replies directly to me . there is some urgency in this , as the woman is being held until they can question her . ron smyth smyth @ lake . scar . utoronto . ca
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 524,""Subject: e-mail address
  
  does anyone have , or know how i can get , an e-mail address for barney pell ( last seen working on ai at cambridge ) ? thanks !
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 525,""Subject: chomsky ' 92 article
  
  i was about to send the following request to martin haspelmath ( the author of the quoted lines below ) , but on second thought i decided that asking someone in germany where i could get a copy of an unpublished paper by an american scholar was a little odd . so can someone nearby help me ? martin wrote : > . . . and his 1992 paper """" a minimalist program for > linguistic theory """" , which does n't look as if it was > intended for wider circulation , must be around in > thousands of copies by now . i ' ll bite , where can i get a copy ? thanks !
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 526,""Subject: oulipo
  
  i am looking for information on oulipo , an experimental language group which flourished in the ' 60s in paris . members have included r . queneau , h . matthews , i calvino , and g . perec . the group applied mathematical methods to writing literature . there is scant information available in english , and a small amount in french . i am particularly interested in whether their ideas have been embodied in software or literaty theory . thank you michael sikillian annotext
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 527,""Subject: relative markers over time
  
  i am working on the history of relative markers in the spoken language from 1500 onwards , in british and american english . although there are plenty of studies of written data , i ' m having trouble finding diachronic studies of spoken data ( trial transcripts , etc . ) . i ' m particularly interested in the development of the standard & non-standard variants for personal subject restrictive relatives : who , what , which , zero , that , at , as ( as in ' i know a chap as ' ll do it for you ' ) . any references will be greatly appreciated , including quantitative synchronic studies of non-standard varieties . thanks !
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 528,""Subject: acquisition of reflexive verbs
  
  this is an enquiry on behalf of an ma student . can anyone provide me with references concerning the acquisition of reflexive verbs in either english or french ? the student herself is bilingual , so publications in either language will be useful . all suggestions gratefully received . sue blackwell school of english , university of birmingham , u . k .
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 529,""Subject: on becoming a linguist
  
  i too have a theory on why linguistics attracted many of us . as a field it ranges from the humanities to the hard sciences , with the majority of its subdisciplines falling into the general area of social sciences . i have spoken with many linguists who started their scholarly lives as scientists ( chem - istry , physics . . . ) and wanted something which seemed more like a humanities discipline ( often in the more european sense of ` sciences humaines ' , disciplines which deal with people ) , while many others ( including myself ) started in foreign languages and literatures and found we wanted something more scientific than literary analysis . i think the second-language learning component of it is important , as suggested in a posting i read today , but not always because of * difficulty * with learning a language ; but rather a desire to keep working with language in some form without doing literature . on a personal note , i can clearly remember my relief , as an undergraduate , to discover linguistics through a comparative romance course . it meant that majoring in french made sense even if sartre did n't ! margaret
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 530,""Subject: syntax textbooks - - a summary
  
  about a week ago , i asked readers to share experiences with the cowper and haegeman syntax textbooks . here 's what they said . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = here 's a summary of responses about syntax textbooks : it was clear from the responses that cowper 's book is a bit too new to have been used by many people . i got one favorable evaluation from a respondant who had read the text in manuscript , but i did not hear from anyone who has used it in a class so far . responses on haegeman 's textbook were mixed . i have excerpted / paraphrased comments below . there were five generally positive evaluations : """" . . . better than most texts . . well-received by the students , but it is full of annoying mistakes and misprints """" """" . . . quite happy with it . . . there were no complaints from the students """" """" . . . it was harder than radford , but most students preferred haegeman to radford , which they found long-winded , condescending , or just plain moronic """" """" . . . students found it lucid , funny , and well-organized """" """" . . . relatively happy with it . . . generally understandable and well - organized . criticisms : tends to introduce theoretical concepts first and the justification for them later . . . """" and three mostly negative evaluations : """" . . . tended to digress . . . chooses to focus on unclear examples , e . g . the theta-criterion and implicit arguments early on in the book ; . . . case-marking is frequently exemplified with ecm verbs , which the students found unconvinc - ing """" """" students unanimously despised it . . . incredibly unclear . . . poorly organized . . . i recommend against it . """" """" . . . on the positive side , it is well-organized and has good references . on the negative side , there is poor argumentation and data that does n't support the claims made in the text . . . there is also no mention of any non - gb syntax . . . . i found it useful for teaching students how to identify poor argumentation . """" as a generalization , it seemed that gb practictioners tended to be significantly happier with the book than others . ( there were also votes for lasnik and uriagereka 's * a course in gb syntax * and for chomsky 's * managua lectures * . ) thanks to all who wrote .
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 531,""Subject: 3 . 417 citations
  
  i can't resist putting in my tuppence worth on chomsky 's citation record . here are my very informal observations of how he is treated by non ( theoretical ) linguists . ( 1 ) mathematical theory of formal languages . chomsky still gets cited almost automatically for his pioneering work on hierarchies of languages . ( 2 ) philosophy of language . c gets cited a lot for his nativist claims : his arguments are usually rejected . fodor 's much more radical nativism gets even more attention and even more rejection . c also gets cited a lot in discussions of wittgenstein , usually as an example of the sort of narrow formalist , rule-based view a language that wittgenstein consistently argued against . ( 3 ) psychology . c has frequently claimed that what he is doing is scientific psychology , but this has failed to impress psychologists . the competence / performance distinction , the autonomous language faculty assumption and the concern with ug all put c 's theoretical constructs beyond the ken of most experimental or empirical psychologists . ( 4 ) biology . it would interesting to know if * any * evolutionary biologists have taken up c 's views or tried to explain how they could be investigated . again , his views often get mentioned in general introductions . . . but only to be rejected . ( 5 ) cognitive science . as gardner showed in """" the mind 's new science """" , c was a source of inspiration . consequently he is cited very frequently in cognitive science literature . again , however , it is his formal , comptuational approach - not his genuinely linguistic work - that are referred to . so , although c is viewed as a founder of cognitive science , his current theory of grammar has had no real impact on the field . in general , it seems that most people outside of linguistics know of chomsky as he appears in """" aspects """" and in the non-technical parts of """" knowledge of language """" . it 's surely a safe bet that almost no non-linguist followed him into """" government and binding """" . - philip swann
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 532,""Subject: chomsky citations and mandeville 's paradox
  
  in his ' fable of the bees : or , private vices , public benefits ' ( 1732 ) , bernard de mandeville argued that the wealth of a nation results from private vices of the citizens . this is mandeville 's paradox : intentional actions of individuals may bring about social phenomena intended by no one . part of the persistent chomsky - boom exemplifies mandeville 's paradox : a great deal of people citing chomsky do so in order to show that he 's wrong - - and , with the implication that he does n't deserve being cited so frequently ! ( i owe mandeville 's paradox to rudi keller ( 1990 ) sprachwandel . francke verlag : tuebingen . ) martti nyman department of general linguistics , university of helsinki , finland
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 533,""Subject: re : 3 . 413 citations
  
  hm ! linguists agree with oscar wilde : the only thing worse than being talked about is not being talked about . ; - )
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 534,""Subject: zellig s . harris
  
  zellig s . harris died in his sleep at his home in new york on friday , may 22 , 1992 , at the age of 82 .
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 535,""Subject: re : 3 . 427 innateness
  
  time for me to leap to the other side of the fence for a change . innateness does have a significance for linguistic theory itselt , if only in that the limitations of our inate abilities , mathematical , linguistic or what have you , limit the types of linguistic theories which can be plausibly constructed . processing of grammatical structures in real time is one example . of course , we know almost nothing about the capacity of human beings in this regard , which is slightly more or less than we know about universals of language , if any . < grin > . still , to the extent we have or can acquire information about our inate capacity for language ( assuming it to exist ) , it can help direct our energies in the proper direction . of course before we start talking about the limits of this capacity , we ought to have a clear picture of what sorts of linguistic phenomena are involved in spoken language , but that is the dreaded descriptivism again . . . eric schiller , department of linguistics , univ . of chicago
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 536,""Subject: re : 3 . 427 innateness
  
  joe stemberger writes : > i ' ve never understood why it makes any difference at all to linguistic > theory whether highly language-specific information is innate or not . > [ . . . ] > innateness is usually used as a explanation for universals , or for > constraints on variation ( parameters ) . but it has always seemed to me that > what is important is that something is universal or that variation is > limited to a few options . what possible difference to linguistic theory > could it make whether the observed patterns are due to language-specific > innateness , or due to some more general feature of cognitive processing , or > ( for that matter ) due to guidance from guardian angels or aliens from > another dimension . the observed > patterns are real under any explanation of where they come from , and > languages seem to abide by them . we can still rule out some potential > explanations because they might violate a universal , and still provide > explanations where two phenomena are linked because they are due to the > same parameter . > > so , why all this stuff about innateness ? i ' ve never understood why we care . > [ . . . ] > > does innateness buy us anything for linguistic theory itself ? innateness is a * conclusion * from linguistics , not a premise . if one looks on it as a premise , one indeed gets into a logico / scientific muddle like the one you outline . but since it a conclusion , not a premise , linguistic theory buys us innateness , not the other way around . we care because its an interesting conclusion , and because the more one learns about how language works in the child and adult , the more it looks like the only plausible conclusion ( at least to me ) . it gives neurophysiology / genetics some work to do , work which is beginning to get done . in this respect it is superior to an appeal to guardian angels and aliens , although in some other century , past or future , this judgment might be different . furthermore , language-specificity looks more plausible than a """" general feature of cognitive processing """" , for reasons that were hashed out during the flamefest on modularity early in the life of linguist . however , a negative can never be proved . thus , reduction to general cognitive principles of the ecp , the ocp , or categorial perception of point of articulation for stop consonants in neonates remains a possibility . and once again , we are dealing with a conclusion , not a premise . - david pesetsky
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 537,""Subject: innateness
  
  i should n't get involved , but here goes : joe stemberger < stemberger % ellvax @ vx . acs . umn . edu > writes > > one last statement implicit in much work in linguistics : """" i have no theory > of genetics , ontogeny , or evolutionary biology , but i ' m sure that if i did , > modern linguistic assumptions about innateness would fit in real well . """" i do n't have my copy of """" the origin of species """" here , so i can't give a real quote , but the above lines remind me forcefully of a problem early evolutionary biologists faced , one which darwin was painfully aware of . darwin had no """" theory of genetics , """" and in fact the then current ideas of genetics made precisely the wrong predictions for evolution . ( it was thought that a new trait would simply be blended in with already existing traits , instead of remaining a discreet inheritable trait . ) it was n't until mendel 's work on heredity was rediscovered ( in the 1930 's , if i recall correctly ) that the theory of evolution had a way of explaining why newly developed traits were not lost in a population like a single water drop would be lost in the ocean . the history of science is full of new theories that appear to have fatal flaws , but the theories are accepted anyway , in faith that an explanation will turn up later . ( another example is the idea that the planets revolve around the sun in space , rather than being attached to crystal spheres that rotate around the earth . what on earth : - ) holds them in their orbits ? ) stemberger also writes : > i ' ve never understood why it makes any difference at all to linguistic > theory whether highly language-specific information is innate or not . > > yes , it makes a lot of difference for e . g . language acquisition , but that 's > beyond the scope of what most linguists do . it 's not considered essential > to study the acquisition of warlpiri before you study the adult grammar , > most linguists study only adult grammar , and the main principles of grammar > have come from studies of adult grammar . it makes no difference if you ' re simply writing grammars that attempt to be descriptively adequate ( in the sense of """" descriptive adequacy """" that chomsky writes about in aspects ) . but it 's not clear to me that that is really a theory of anything . if , on the other hand , you want an explanatorily adequate theory of linguistics , you need to worry about how the learner comes up with the right rules . after all , no linguist , even the most brilliant , has ever come up with a descriptively adequate grammar of any language ; whereas every child ( down to some limit at the level of retarded children , i guess ) comes up with a way of producing and understanding his / her language in a descriptively adequate way . regardless of what you believe as to whether the child produces a descriptively adequate grammar , there is a great mystery here . if linguists have n't studied child acquisition ( they have , but stemberger is using a slight hyperbole here ) , it 's simply because they have made a decision about how to investigate the problem , not because they do n't thing that 's the real problem . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * mike maxwell phone : ( 704 ) 843-6369 jaars internet : maxwell @ jaars . sil . org box 248 waxhaw , nc 28173
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 538,""Subject: re : 3 . 429 how did we end up linguists ?
  
  becoming a linguist - - i am sure there are as many reasons as there are linguists or more . me ? 17 years after my ba , tired of being a diletant and having felt betrayed by the revolution and also guilty about giving the president of my son 's pta a headache every time i raised my hand ( or so it was reported to me ) i decided i really wanted to go back to school but did n't want to do more economics ( my ba ) and one evening at dinner in san francisco at a friends where i met harvey pitkin who was working on wintu ( and his phd at berkeley ) i moaned that i did n't know what i wanted to be when i grew up and he said you should be a linguist and i said i could n't even speak english and he said that does n't matter if i liked to do cross word puzzles and made up secret languages when i wa was a little girl and then he talked about phonemes and morphemes and american indian languages and we finished a bottle of brandy and i decided , why not ? so i applied to the linguistic dept at ucla and was sure they would reject me not knowing any linguistics and having only a 's and f 's on my undergraduate transcript and low and behold they said yes which i am sure was a mistake but that was 1961 and in 1962 i entered th graduate program and in 1965 got a phd and will be eternally grateful to harvey and brandy and ucla and all this is to show how there is no longest sentence . vicki fromkin
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 539,""Subject: re : 3 . 421 linguists , human subjects
  
  i had the same reaction as martin volk to michael kac 's idea that linguists become linguists because they ' re superior language learners . my gut reaction was that it must be wrong , that we become linguists because we have a hard time learning language , that effortless polyglots pay no conscious attention at all to grammar or any other systems of rules . i was about to offer myself as an example when i realized that i _ am _ a pretty good language learner , but i ' ve always found the process frustrating . i hated learning languages because it seemed so dreary and inefficient until i discovered some shortcuts , namely syntax , phonology , morphology , etc . if my case is at all generalizable , then ( happily ) messrs volk and kac are both right - - we become linguists because we have some skill at language learning , but we are also the rational sort that thinks there must be a better , more efficient way to go about it ( and therefore perceive ourselves as having """" trouble """" with it ) . am i weird , or did it happen this way for other people ? let 's hear more . mark hansell asian lang . & lit . carleton college northfield , mn usa
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 540,""Subject: becoming a linguist
  
  i support gilbert 's thesis . to be sure , one stimulus was growing up on a university campus where there were lots of foreign-born faculty , so one heard and saw a lot of different languages in people 's houses , bookcases , and refrigerators ( like the pickle jar i once saw labelled in polish ) . but another was certainly the movie the day the earth stood still , where michael rennie , playing klaatu , has to communicate with the robot gort in his home language and , indeed , where patricia neal , playing mrs . benson , has to memorize a sentence in that language and repeat it to gort to save the world toward the film 's end . a third stimulus was majoring in a science in college ( chemistry ) which had a strong focus on concepts of """" structure """" . finally , one had to actually discover linguistics , which was n't the kind of thing one heard about in college before the 60s . it was nice one could do something with language ( s ) without having to be exclusively historically oriented and without having to worry about , say , the kind of apple hurled into the thorax of gregor samsa ( now class , on the basis of textual evidence , was it a golden delicious or not ? or did the apple represent the disapproval of franz the k 's dad ? ? ? ? ? )
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 541,""Subject: re : 3 . 429 how did we end up linguists ?
  
  i have to admit that i ' m leery of complex arguments and self - psychoanalysis that try to explain why one becomes a linguist . is it at all possible that people become linguists simply because they ' re fascinated by language ? as the old saying goes : """" there 's no accounting for taste """" . regards , rick - - * = * = disclaimer : the inel does not speak for me and vice versa = * = * = rick morneau idaho national engineering laboratory = * mnu @ inel . gov idaho falls , idaho 83415 , usa * = * = * = * = * = * = * = * = * = * = * = next mail accepted here ! * = * = * = * = * = * = * = * = * = * =
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 542,""Subject: 3 . 429 how did we end up linguists ?
  
  i ' ll put myself in the foot-in - the-humanities & foot-in - the-sciences camp . i remember , from my senior year of high school , doing the dishes with my father ( a sci-fi fan and long-time reader of ' scientific american ' ) and having a discussion about what i would study in college . i told him i liked english but mostly grammar , not lit-crit , and i tested well in math . he said , """" sounds like linguistics to me . """" and , right he was ! and the half&half story still holds : now here i am , remaking myself ( again ) in private industry , from a humanities specialist ( that 's how i got hired into ibm ) to a multimedia researcher in a computer science group and now to a usability engineer . when i pinch myself , it 's still me . nancy frishberg ( nancyf @ watson . ibm . com )
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 543,""Subject: re : 3 . 420 fyi : morphology , concordance
  
  many thanks to henry churchyard for the speech error . any others sent either directly to me ( iyo1vaf @ uclamvs ) would be much appreciated . please give target ( if you know it ) , error , who said it , under what circumstances , ( e . g . on radio , tv , seminar , personal talk , lecture etc ) , who heard it . we do hope to have a data bank of errors available some time in the future . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - on ipa fonts . have just installed atech software ipipa fonts to use with wordstar and with word for windows and they are terrific ! one has to first get the atech stoftware powerpak font package which costs $ 59 or something and ipa is additional $ 89 i think but if you can spare the money or get someone to fund the purchase it works like a dream . vicki fromkin
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 544,""Subject: human sense disambiguation correction
  
  oh dear , first of all i send a summary very late and then i discover the summary has an error . the second reference should ' ve read . . . g . a . miller ( 1954 ) """" communication """" annual review of psychology , vol . 5 , pages 401-420 sorry . + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | mail : mark sanderson , department of computing science , | | the university , glasgow g12 8qq , scotland , uk . | + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | e - mail : sanderso @ dcs . glasgow . ac . uk | | tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 41 339 8855 x6292 < - - - - * * * new number * * * | | fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 41 330 4913 | + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | """" i ' m gonna get you in my tent tent tent tent tent | | so we can both experiment ment ment ment ment """" | + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
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 545,""Subject: goettingen summer school : language development
  
  the german linguistics society ( dgfs ) is offering a summer school on language development ( language change and acquisition ) goettingen , 31 august - 14 september 1992 courses : roger lass ( capetown ) : phonological change elizabeth c . traugott ( stanford ) : grammaticalization raimo anttila ( ucla ) : semiotic foundation of linguistic change ans van kemenade ( amsterdam ) : generative approaches to language change suzanne romaine ( oxford ) : pidgin and creole languages ruth berman ( tel aviv ) form and function in first language development melissa ~ ? bwerman / ~ ? ( mpi nijmegen ) & dan slobin ( berkeley ) : cross - linguistic perspectives on language development bbrigitte nerlich ( nottingham ) : theories of language origins ( in german ) wolfgang u . wurzel ( berlin ) : natural grammatical change ( in german ) hartmut schmidt ( berlin ) : german language history ( in german ) kklaus mattheier ( heidelber } g ) : historical sociolinguistics of german ( in germa ) dieter stein ( duesseldorf ) : internal and external factors of language change rosemarie tracy ( tuebingen ) : theories of syntactic change ( in german ) harald clahsen ( duesseldorf ) : acquisition of grammar ( in german ) wolfgang klein ( mpi nijmegen ) second language acquisition ( in german ) ~ ? ino addition , there will be two lecture series . tuition : for students : dm 240 . 00 for university affiliates : dm 480 . 00 for others dm 960 . 00 for more information , contact : hero janssen department of english university of goettingen humboldtallee 13 d-3400 goettingen , feder ~ ? al rrpu } blic of g . tel . + 49-551 - 397575 , - 397546 fax : + 49-551 - 397685
 "",0
 546,""Subject: 2 jobs : new zealand
  
  university of otago , new zealand : department of english lectureship / senior lectureship in english ( linguistics ) applications are invited for a linguist of broad general competence with a part icular interest in one or more of the following fields : ( a ) sociolinguistics , ( b ) semantics , ( c ) pragmatics . the successful applicant will be expected to teac h at first-year level in an applied fashion , and to contribute to courses in li nguistics in his or her speciality at advanced levels . candidates should have a completed phd and teaching experience , and in addition to their teaching duties will be expected to pursue , stimulate , and supervise research in their field ( s ) of expertise . the current salary range is nz $ 37 , 440 - $ 49 , 088 pa with a bar at nz $ 45 , 448 ( lecur ers ) , and nz $ 52 , 000 - $ 67 , 080 pa with a bar at nz $ 60 , 944 ( senior lecturers ) . ( nz $ 1 = us $ 0 . 54 ) . the position is available from 1 september 1992 , and it is hoped that the succe ssful applicant can assume duties as close as possible to that date . further information and method of application are available from : the registrar university of otago po box 56 dunedin new zealand fax : 64 - 3-474 - 1607 quote reference number : a92 / 23 closing date for applications : 30 june 1992 . 2 ) lectureship / senior lectureship in english ( rhetoric and composition ) applications are invited for a lectureship / senior lectureship in the field of r hetoric / composition , or a related field . applicants should also have expertise in a second field relating toenglish language or literature in english , such as literary stylistics , the history of the language , or american literature . the successful applicant will be expected to teach at first-year level in an ap plied fashion , and also to contribute to courses in his or her speciality in an applied fashion at advanced levels . candidates should have a completed phd and teaching experience , and in addition to their teaching duties will be expected to pursue , stimulate , and supervise r esearch in their field ( s ) or expertise . the current salary range is nz $ 37 , 440 - $ 49 , 088 pa with a bar at nz $ 45 , 448 ( lectu rers ) , and nz $ 52 , 000 - $ 67 , 080 pa with a bar at nz $ 60 , 944 . ( ( nz $ 1 = us $ 0 . 54 ) . the position is available from 1 september 1992 , and it is hoped that the succe ssful applicant can assume duties as close as possible to that date . applications quoting reference number a92 / 24 close on 30 june 1992 : the registrar university of otago po box 56 dunedin new zealand equal opportunity in employment is university policy .
 "",0
 547,""Subject: zellig harris
  
  last thursday night , may 21 , zellig harris died in his sleep after a pleasant working day . he was 88 years old . he was born in 1904 in byelorussia . i am told that he chose the name zellig sabbettai when his family immigrated to the united states when he was four . i like to think that the semantics of happiness and steadfastness were on his mind . certainly they were keynotes of his life . i would guess that his parents chose the name harris . when he died , he was just finishing a book on politics that he had been planning for most of his life . with the 1992 publication of his book _ a theory of language and information _ ( oxford ) , he had wrapped up his life 's work on language , at least for the time being . he seems to have felt at liberty to take up this other unfinished business . i understand from paul mattick , jr . , who was harris 's friend and neighbor for many years in new york , that this last book describes how to get from capitalism to socialism . this is surely not a conventional take on either capitalism or socialism , harris was an anarchist . oxford was interested in publishing it , and he had also talked with cambridge . there is no memorial planned , beyond something very private for his family . however , there is some discussion beginning of a public meeting with scientific content . i would hope that the festschrift that haj ross called for in the lsa meetings some years ago might at last come into being . harris described himself as a methodologist rather than a linguist . this could be misleading . he always said that his work was not part of linguistics as it is institutionally defined , and that linguists would not be interested in his work , though people interested in language would be . nonetheless , he was surely a linguist by most of the operational definitions one might come up with . he had done extensive fieldwork on a variety of language . when he was doing the final revision of the 1992 oxford book , he undertook to test the theory of language against every language of which he had some control , 44 languages . he spent months reading grammars from morning to night , and evaluating whether his theory had a reasonable account for what he found there . he was clear that no scientific conclusions were warranted , and so no particular notice of this check is given in the book , but he wanted to feel reasonably secure that his conclusions were not idiosyncratic to english , french , german , korean , and the few other languages that had been the primary bases for their development . he was pleased with the results . his contributions to the field were numerous and weighty . he founded the first linguistics department in the u . s . he introduced the algebraic representations and abstract mathematical treatment which have become so much norms of the field that it is difficult now to appreciate how much he did so over the kicking and screaming protests of his peers . he invented x - bar notation for immediate constituent analysis , though of course not by that name , to cope with the well known weakness of ic analysis with the head-of relation . he developed ways to accomodate discontinuous morphemes into grammatical analysis . he charted a way out of difficulties experienced by bloch and others in phonology , by saying that contrast rather than phonetic identity is the basis for setting up phonemes , a ghost that has risen to haunt generative phonology more than once . he invented string analysis as a complement ( not rival ) to immediate constituent analysis . their complementarity with respect to the head-of problem is the basis of joshi 's tree - adjoining grammars ( tags ) . he invented transformational analysis in context of developing discourse analysis to get at the information content of texts . other contributions await recognition and exploitation in the field of linguistics as institutionalized today , and in other fields . obvious examples include sublanguage analysis and sublanguage grammar , operator grammar based on word dependency , discourse analysis for information content , and his theory of information as an account of a central aspect of semantics . for example , string grammar and its natural extension into transformational grammar is the basis of the very successful work of naomi sager and others at nyu in information formatting of sublanguage texts , applied there mainly to medical informatics . stephen johnson has implemented a system for representing the information content of texts , based on operator grammar . successes of this sort are little noticed within linguistics . it is characteristic of harris that there was no vanity or self importance in him . he knew that his work was of lasting importance , and treated it as such , but he was no guru or empire builder seeking followers , and would not accept any such role being projected onto him . those students who sought entree to linguistics as a social institution in academia were bound to be disappointed . however , he could scarcely be blamed for their disappointment . he did not provide such entree , nor did he pretend to , and in my hearing actively discouraged students who imagined work with him would further their ambitions in the field . once , in my role as ta for john fought , i prepared a lecture on harris 's approach to syntax and semantics . as we were setting out for the lecture hall , we encountered harris , and i blurted out """" i ' m about to give a lecture on your theory to john 's class . """" ( john , with characteristic wry humor , asked if he wanted to take anything back . ) harris bemusedly questioned whether anyone would be interested in what he was doing . nonetheless , when he gave a public lecture on """" the two structures of language : report and paraphrase """" in 1969 or 1970 , the large auditorium ( i think it was in the furness building ) was filled to capacity , and the critique by john corcoran , published later in the volume _ transformationelle analyse _ edited by senta ploetz , was also well attended . broad attendance on and acclaim for his work could easily have been his , had he chosen it . that is simply not where his ambitions lay . a clue as to the basis of this choice against fame and influence may perhaps be found in his advice to a student starting out in his first teaching position , many years ago . do n't invite anybody over for dinner , he said , and do n't accept any invitations . if you get involved in the social life of an academic , you won't be able to get any work done . the work came first . harris was always an intensely loyal man to his friends and family . the consequences , when combined with his laissez-faire anarchism , were not always happy . his friend and close colleague of many years , henry hiz , was much more concerned with building a formal linguistics program as an institution . the disparity of character could be devastating to students . i studied with harris from 1966 through 1970 . i was an undergraduate much of that time , but that did not matter to him . he had a sink-or - swim approach like that attributed to sapir ( darnell 1990 ) , except that his seminars were of course focussed on theory rather than the data of , say , athabaskan . he would come in to his seminar and just start talking about what he was working on . when i started with him , this was the work that resulted in his 1968 book , _ mathematical structures of language _ ( wiley ) . the process was not a lecture or monologue , but a continuing conversation with his students , trying out alternatives , posing and working out problems for a mathematical characterization of language . after a while , with intensive reading outside , one began to catch on and to participate . i recall telling him at the end of one seminar meeting in my first year that i would try to disprove his theory . this troubled him not a bit . i worked up a problem in modern greek that i thought might be troublesome for his approach . ( i had lived in greece for a couple of years , and spoke the language , but i worked with an informant for this project . ) when my results turned out actually to corroborate the point i had intended to challenge , he merely thanked me for the data on greek . a year or two later , i had come up with a proposal to analyze definitions in a dictionary to extract semantic primitives by a form of componential analysis , much as martha evens and now others have done . although the notion of semantic features seems inimical in concept and method to his work , he said ( and this is an exact quote ) """" others have tried this and have failed , but you are welcome to try . """" i offer this in refutation of the sometimes heard view that harris was dictatorial . i ran into conflicts in such matters with hiz , never with harris . i have also heard it asked why he never retorted to attacks on his work . i think it did not matter to him . he did not expect his methods and results to be understood and taken up by everyone in the field of linguistics . maybe his attitude differed in the 1940s , when he wrote the structural restatements and the manuscript eventually published as _ methods in structural linguistics _ . ( btw , the title was to have said """" descriptive """" but the publisher substituted the buzzword """" structural . """" i recall him saying , amusedly , """" i do n't remember whether they asked me or not . """" ) maybe his expectations of the field changed after some of chomsky 's followers began making him out to be the bad guy . i do n't think so , based on his writings and on the testimony of some who were his students then . i never heard him comment on the commonplace attribution to chomsky of the discovery of transformational grammar and the """" transformational revolution . """" there is a passage in _ the state of the art _ ( 1968 ) in which hockett attributes to harris """" nothing , or a long silence , after 1957 , """" showing ignorance not only of things like string analysis , for which he might be excused , but even ignoring the 1965 paper transformational theory prominently published in _ language _ . i showed this passage to harris , and he shrugged . it did not matter . in particular , i never saw any evidence that harris opposed or blocked chomsky 's ambitions . in my experience it would have been entirely out of character for him . for example , it was harris who proposed chomsky to speak in his stead to the 1962 international congress . a similar canard regarding bernard bloch has recently been laid to rest in an editorial in language . one must i think be alert to the social psychology that leads some people to rewrite history so that their avatar is depicted as an embattled hero . now , an old indian friend once told me that one cannot point a finger without having three other fingers of the same hand pointing back , so i hasten to add that this is not the picture i intend to paint here of harris . he accomplished what he intended to quite well , thank you very much , and seems to have been quite happy in the process . the point is precisely that he seemed in no way embattled by attacks and uncomprehending misconstruals of his work . and uncomprehending misconstruals abound . frawley 's review of _ a grammar of english on mathematical principles _ ( gemp ) is a good example . he identifies harris 's operator grammar with predicate calculus , though harris is at pains to delineate critical differences between language ( a fortiori operator grammar ) and language-like mathematical systems , including predicate calculus . frawley can see in this comprehensive grammar only an attempt to do 1960s generative grammar in 1980 , because he is unable to step out of the generativist paradigm so as to understand harris 's work on its own terms . another review ( eric wheeler , 1984 in _ computers in the humanities _ ) asserted that harris 's grammar was unable to account for certain familiar semantic problems - - middle voice , the semantics of find vs . seek , and quantifier scope in examples like """" someone was opposed by everyone . """" in my review ( _ computational linguistics _ in 1984 ) i showed how harris did in fact account of each of these problems in the book . michael kac , in his review of harris 's selected writings , asked """" why bother ? """" and indeed , from within the generativist paradigm that must be the only plausible question . it is only in setting aside paradigmatic blinkers that one can see , having these writings in one place , how consistent and self coherent harris 's program has been over the years . transformational grammar was not a revolutionary break but part of a continuous evolution . i will mention only one other misconception about harris 's work , not because it is in any way fundamental but because it is so commonplace . i probably will be greeted with disbelief when i say that discovery procedures were not his aim . ( jim mccawley 's witticism about harris and discovery procedures in the collection traditionally circulated in may really reverses the roles of the teller and the butt of the joke . ) it is not hard to see how linguists have come to this mistaken belief . discovery procedures are an abiding fixture for linguistics as institutionally defined . when _ methods _ was published , linguists sought an aid to fieldwork and writing of linguistic descriptions . now , discovery procedures are institutionalized as a whipping boy . this has colored perceptions of harris 's intentions and results . for harris , it was certainly of interest and value when redundancy on one level of linguistic representation could be used in a practical way to determine boundaries of objects on the next , but this was a corroborative byproduct , not an aim . the """" constructional procedure """" described in the 1955 paper from phoneme to morpheme was implemented in fortran in the early 1960s and proven to work , and ralph grishman has had some preliminary success in implementing programs to discover word classes and rules of sublanguage grammar from sublanguage texts . but in general harris did not think that discovery procedures were feasible . in particular , he told me he thought that grammatical analysis could not be done solely with a corpus or by asking informants , one had to control the language oneself . and then one had to work over the data to tease out pattern and wrestle it into coherent form , a lengthy and demanding process , as probably most of us know from experience . so much for the popularized image of feeding in a corpus , turning a crank , and having a grammar reel out the other end . in the introduction to _ methods in structural linguistics _ , harris states clearly that these methods are not discovery procedures . he accepts that one uses many means to come up with proposals for describing what is going on in a language - - hunches , guesses , heuristic rules of thumb , typological generalizations , proposed universals , comparison with related languages or earlier stages of the language , and so on , more art than science ( or rather , more art than engineering ) . harris was acutely aware of the danger of swamping one 's control of the language by growing familiarity with marginal examples . language is after all a social institution , continuously in change as it is constantly recreated in the crucible of use . the aim of the methods was not to substitute for these informal ways of coming up with possible analyses , but to verify , for any given result , whether the result had a valid relation to the data of the language . of those who have actually read the book , how many have said ( and some have in fact said to me ) """" he did n't really mean that . """" but if nothing else , harris was always careful to say exactly what he meant . this concern for verification arises out of a deeper concern which becomes more explicit in harris 's later work . this is a critical point for linguistics . for any other science , there is a standpoint external to the science domain for its metascience . in particular , practitioners in physics , chemistry , even in mathematics , rely on the """" background vernacular """" of language to ensure communication about shared meanings and ultimately to validate the relation of conclusions , however reached , to the observations on which they are based . not so for a science of language . harris recognized and accepted that there is no vantage point outside of language from which to describe language . and , observably , each language contains its own metalanguage . i ' ll repeat that , because it is i think a key to understanding what harris was about , and because it is easy to overlook its importance . there is no vantage point outside of language from which to describe language . by contrast , generativist theory postulates a universal metalanguage , external to language , that is part of one 's biological endowment . ( i personally do not find this biologicist , neophrenologist doctrine of mental organs credible , but the issue rests not on opinion but on facts yet to be determined . ) this stance seems to me perfectly consonant with the argument made by stephen anderson in """" why phonology is n't natural . """" one cannot derive linguistic structure from the findings of some study bearing a metascience relation to linguistics . harris was interested in how language can carry or transmit information , and this is the thread that underlies the really remarkable consistency in his work over more than 50 years . intuitively , we know that differences in form correlate with differences in meaning , but the correlation is messy and inconsistent in the observed data of language ( say , in a body of writings or of phonemic transcriptions , including whatever utterances the investigator may come up with in the ad hoc search for examples ) . what harris found was how this messy , inconsistent stream of words can be the product of two concurrent systems : a system of word dependencies that correlates with perceptions in a subject-matter domain such as a science subfield , and a system of reductions that changes word shapes ( often to zero ) , motivated in part by issues of redundancy and efficiency and in part by historically contingent social convention . the reductions introduce degeneracies such as ambiguity and paraphrase , and otherwise obscure the correlation of form with meaning , but without destroying that correlation . given that structure ( differences of form ) correlates with meaning , it is of critical importance that the machinery of description not import any structure extraneous to that found in language . harris 's endeavor was always , then , to determine a """" least grammar , """" a description that required an absolute minimum of primitive objects and relations . any additional objects or relations in the description introduce extrinsic structure that obscures the informational structure in language . this could be the basis for a telling critique of various other theories of language . harris chose not to make such a critique . when i asked him once about certain aspects of generativist theory , he would only comment , with evidence of mild amusement , that it did seem to be over-structured . like his teacher , sapir , harris had an interest in problems of international communication and an international auxiliary language . ( a paper on this appeared in a 1962 volume on avoiding world war iii . remember wwiii , everyone ? ) and like sapir and bloomfield he had in particular a long standing interest in international cooperation and communication in science . this culminated in _ the form of information in science : analysis of an immunology sublanguage _ ( with michael gottfried , tom ryckman , and others , 1989 , john benjamins ) . this book describes the grammar of the sublanguage of immunology during a specific period in the development of that field , based on discourse analysis of sublanguage texts from that period and adequate for making explicit the information structures in arbitrary other texts in that sublanguage . the analysis shows how the structure of the sublanguage changed concurrently with a change in immunologists ' perceptions in the domain of their science . a difference in informational structure correlates with a difference in meaning . the informational structures that are clearly represented in the binary array resulting from discourse analysis are still present in the actual form of the source texts as written albeit obscured under reductions in word shape , some motivated by considerations of informational efficiency and avoidance of redundancy , some dictated by conventions of language use as a human social institution . harris arranged his life so as to enhance the autonomy of his work . i understand that his kibbutz in israel is a wealthy one , to which members give their assets and income , and which in turn supports them in their needs . i believe that the kibbutz purchased his apartment building on charles street . until his retirement , he held an endowed chair at penn , the benjamin franklin professorship in linguistics . he was principal investigator for a long series of grants from the nsf , nimh , and other agencies whose committees and referees found his work of continuing value . throughout his life he was involved with scientists and science . his wife was a physicist at the university of jerusalem , and had been albert einstein 's assistant at princeton . a brother was an immunologist ( he is an author of some of the work analyzed in the 1989 book ) . he felt that the rough and tumble of polemic attack and retort was inappropriate for science , and would not participate in it . that too would be a distraction from the work . after one of the bampton lectures at columbia in 1986 , a young member of the audience approached him and asked what he would take up if he had another lifetime before him . he mentioned poetry , especially the longer works of 19th century poets like browning . he mentioned music . and he mentioned sign language . he had a long and very productive life . he had brought his life 's work to a successful culmination . with the completion of his book on politics , i imagine death coming to him , as to the chess playing knight in the seventh seal , and him saying """" ok , i ' m ready now . """" it was a privilege to know him and to learn from him . he is an abiding inspiration . bruce nevin bn @ bbn . com
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 548,""Subject: proposal for a morphological database of classical greek
  
  i am writing to seek input on a proposal that we tentatively plan to submit to the neh at the end of the summer . the idea is fairly simple : we want to use the morphological parser that we have been developing for the past eight years or so to generate morphological analyses of every unique string in the thesaurus linguae graecae ( tlg ) , the database of greek texts available on cd rom from uc irvine . the tlg is large - - 42 million words at present and a new version is due out later this year with 57 million words . greek is a highly inflected language - - not as bad as georgian and some others , but a verb can , with prefixes , have millions of different forms . the tlg corpus extends over a thousand years and includes virtually all literary greek , and thus would support diachronic as well as synchronic linguistic analysis . i would like to know if there is anything we could do that would make this work on greek useful for the linguistics community in general ? classicists need this database , but it would be very exciting if it could stimulate additional work . the working summary of the project follows . the proposal outline is fairly succinct ( c . 7 pages ) but it is full of greek and does not lend itself readily to transliteration . if you would like to see a copy , please send me your us mail address and we will send one to you . casual reactions to just this summary are , however , more than welcome . note : reactions need not be positive . if this does not seem a worthwhile thing to pursue , i would love to know why . thanks ! gregory crane department of classics boylston 319 harvard university cambridge ma 02138 crane @ ikaros . harvard . edu a linguistic database of classical greek this project will extend an existing parser for classical greek , expanding its database of stems to cover the majority of all words attested in the literary record , and will use this database to create a morphologically parsed database of more than 1 , 000 , 000 unique strings available in the tlg : in the end , we will publish the database of analyzed strings , the databases of stems and endings which drive the parser and the parser itself . the resulting databases are an essential piece of scholarly infrastructure that will ( 1 ) revolutionize current searching techniques for the tlg and other greek databases , ( 2 ) make it possible to apply more sophisticated retrieval / text analysis to greek texts , and ( 3 ) provide a basic but crucial lookup tool that will aid non-specialists in other fields ( e . g . , philosophy , political science , religion ) who seek to work directly with the greek database . note : this document is a sketch for a possible proposal to be submitted to the neh at the end of august 1992 . it is , in effect , a proposal for a proposal and is thus open to revision on any and all points .
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 549,""Subject: query : lists
  
  does anyone know any bitnet or internet lists dedicated to classical greek or latin ? thanks michael sikillian annotext
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 550,""Subject: machine translation
  
  i would like information for a friend about a company called global link ( globalink ? ) out of maclean , virginia . specifically , he wants to know , from a linguistics perspective , how good their machine-aided translation systems are , and whether it is likely they have the technological and linguistic expertise to develop a japanese - english module , using kanji . finally , he ( and i ) would like to know about other companies producing commercially available machine-aided translation systems , and whether any have a competitive japanese - english module . please send replies to molsen @ astrid . ling . nwu . edu and i will summarize . thank you . mari broman olsen northwestern university
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 551,""Subject: run-on words ?
  
  could anyone tell me why we have compound , run-on words in english orthography , like 's omething ' , 's omeone ' , ' therefore ' , ' whereas ' , ' everyone ' and so on ? is there any real linguistic phenomenon being captured here by omitting the usual word boundary in the spelling ? i find myself doing it with words like ' realtime ' and ' harddisk ' and i do n't know why . the reason i ask is that i have been working on a program which does syllable counting . these run-on words with the silent-e in the middle of the word cause the program to differ from human performance . it is easy to discount english syllable counting for a final ' e ' on a word with at least one other vowel cluster , but the silent-e in the middle of a word can only be done with a lookup table - - and that is a real drag for otherwise elegant programming . how would i know if i got all the run-ons listed or not ? does it get applied every time there is an ' e ' in the middle of a word ? stan . stankuli @ uwf . bitnet = = = : : close your eyes , my darling , or three of them at least - - - - - old venusian lullaby
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 552,""Subject: no accent allowed !
  
  has anybody else seen a weird piece in a newspaper ( i read it sunday morning in the local gannett paper and promptly misplaced it ) about a measure taken by the greek mayor of a small massachusetts town with a very ethnically mixed population to prevent people with foreign accents to be employed as grade school teachers ? besides killing my own chances of ever teaching grade school over there , is this measure also nonsensical linguistically ? am i right in assuming that children do not typically get """" infected """" by foreign accents ? the exploits of my bilingual daughter were already mentioned on this list or around it , but her experience with english ( one of her two native languages ) pertains to my query . for the first 3 or 4 years of her life , her english exposure was primarily to my wife 's and my ( different ) foreign accents and our housekeeper / nanny who spoke rather a radical upper peninsula michigan dialect , complete with """" warsh """" for """" wash , """" etc . sarah never acquired any of that . to refocus the query , is it possible for a 5 - or 6 - year-old to be influenced by the foreign accent of his or her grade school teacher ? - - victor raskin raskin @ j . cc . purdue . edu professor of english and linguistics ( 317 ) 494-3782 chair , interdepartmental program in linguistics 494-3780 fax coordinator , natural language processing laboratory purdue university w . lafayette , in 47907 u . s . a .
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 553,""Subject: kay csl
  
  i would like to hear from other users of the kay csl system , to determine whether anyone else has run into the same bugs that i ' ve hit . please reply dir ectly to me ( broselow at sbccvm . bitnet or ccvm . sunysb . edu ) .
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 554,""Subject: list of english taboo words
  
  does anyone have a reasonably large list of english taboo words , preferably in machine-readable form ? i am interested in the classic """" four-letter words """" and their thematic relatives , as well as any other words that """" should n't be used in polite company """" , such as ethnic or religious slurs . slang per se is not of interest . mark a . mandel dragon systems , inc . : speech recognition : + 1 617 965-5200 320 nevada st . : newton , mass . 02160 , usa
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 555,""Subject: afar
  
  i have a student ( lee fulmer ) working on morphology in afar . she is trying to get ahold of the following dissertation . hayward , richard j . ( 1976 ) """" categories of the predicator in afar , with especial reference to the grammar of radical extensions """" , soas , university of london . is there somebody out there who has this and would allow us / her to copy it ? does anybody out there know if hayward is reachable via email ? thanks much , mike hammond
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 556,""Subject: re : portugal
  
  excuse me but . . . does anyone out there have experience of working in higher education in portugal - if so please get in touch . i need to talk to you ! !
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 557,""Subject: a question about the ssc
  
  i ' m stumped by the presence of a dash in the definition of the ssc , and i have n't met a linguist who can tell me what it means . i ' m sure there 's someone out there who can answer this question - - when chomsky gives the specified subject condition ( p . 90 , essays on form and interpretation ) it looks like this : no rule can involve x , y in the structure . . . x . . . [ . . . z . . . - wyv . . . ] . . . alpha where z is the specified subject of wyv in alpha . what is that dash for ? it 's not mentioned . newmeyer , in his book on the history of modern linguistics , copies the constraint exactly , but also does n't mention the dash . if it 's simply there to seperate the constituents , why is n't there a dash between the w , y and v ? thanks , janet hitzeman hitzeman @ cs . rochester . edu
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 558,""Subject: case - marking in the genitive
  
  i ' m interested in languages with case-agreement in the genitive , i . e . languages where any case which the head might take must be copied on the dependent . these are pretty common in australia , e . g . uradhi ( g / is gamma ) : wutpu - : namu-mun g / antu-mun old-man - gen-abl canoe - abl """" from the old man 's canoe """" they ' re also found in the caucasus , in the languages of the ethiopian highlands , and in some siberian languages . all these only have suffixal genitival agreement . i have three questions : 1 . does anyone know of any languages outside these areas which have similar genitival agreement ? 2 . does anyone know of any languages which have prefixing genitival agreement ? 3 . does anyone know of any languages where all case-marking for the entire genitival phrase appears affixed solely on the dependent ? ( i have two examples already : kanuri and sumerian ) my thanks !
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 559,""Subject: book : thomas barthel
  
  would anyone have a copy of thomas barthel 's """" grundlagen zur entzifferung der osterinselnschrift """" they would be willing to part with for a not unreasonable price ? my only proviso is that the line reproductions of the tablets and the list of glyphs in appendix must be as close as can be to mint condition . in fact , that is all what i am interested in , and if you 'd not mind parting with them whilst keeping the rest of the book , it 's fine with me . the reason : my nth-generation photocopies are getting tatty , and the first-generation copy faded . j . guy @ trl . oz . au ( telecom research laboratories , po box 249 clayton 3168 australia )
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 560,""Subject: philosophy of mind
  
  dear linguist , do any group participants perchance know of discussion groups in the philosphy of mind , philosophy of language , and other kindred philosophical subjects ? or , to apply the meta operator still once again , is there a general resource or """" phone book """" for discussion groups ? ja given suny
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 561,""Subject: mt and translation theory workshop
  
  workshop on machine translation and translation theory dear colleagues , we ( that is ulrike schwall as a representative of the european association for machine translation and i as a person who is especially interested in combining machine translation with translation theory ) are planning a small workshop in the temporal neighbourhood of coling 92 at nantes . it will take place on july 22nd at 2 pm . at a place to be announced as soon as we know the approximate number of participants . christian boitet told me that we could have a room at the iud . the program will be the following : * 2 - 3 papers ( about 30 minutes each ) by experts in the fields of translation theory and / or mt ; * very short ( max . 5 minutes ) presentations by the participants of what they are doing in the field ( s ) and in which respect they are interested in the combination of mt with translation theory ; * discussion of perspectives and future activities . as uli has just moved to munich and i have n't yet got e-mail in my new position at the university of hildesheim , we ask you to use the e-mail account , fax or mailing address of the secretary of the kit group of the tu berlin ( with which i am still cooperating ) in order to signal your interest and for further information . cordula lippke technical university of berlin kit-fast sekr . 5-12 franklinstr . 28-29 d - w-1000 berlin 10 e-mail : lippke @ cs . tu-berlin . de or : lippke @ db0tui11 . bitnet fax : + 49-30 - 314-24929
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 562,""Subject: physics : culture dependent or independent ?
  
  i ' m currently into a bit of a slinging match with a physicist who reckons physics is culture independent . physicists do not , according to his view , create their concepts , but discover them by observation of the facts . he seems to be convinced that if physics had been persued by the navahos or by some highland papuans first ( his and my examples in private discussion ) it would be exactly the same kind of physics than the one developed in the west that we know now . has anyone some views on this ? i ' m trying to tell him he is wrong . or am i ? to help me prove my case ( if there is a case to be proven ) , could anyone come up with languages where there is no concept for the ( physical ) concept of """" force """" ? my discussant 's view is that if in a language there is no such concept it will be created , because the physical forces of western physics are just there , in the world , for us to be observed . my view is that without such a concept , there is no guarantee that you must develop a kind of physics which is """" western """" in outlook . i need help ! ! thanks . please send general comments ( first question ) to the list , and examples of languages to me . i ' ll summarize . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dr bert peeters tel : + 61 02 202344 department of modern languages 002 202344 university of tasmania at hobart fax : 002 207813 gpo box 252c bert . peeters @ modlang . utas . edu . au hobart tas 7001 australia
 "",0
 563,""Subject: 3 . 543 please respond : linguistics cd - rom , mispased idioms
  
  since there is notably little work on encyclopedias ( as the text type of for example the encyclopedia britannica , the brockhaus and the larousse , not so much as an idea ) , i am looking for those bits and pieces . i am especially interested in structural and user-oriented aspects of the matter ( what are prototypical questions asked by a prototypical encyclopedia user ? are these questions supported by the text structure of encyclopedias and encyclopedia entries ? ) . i am also interested in comparisons with respect to encyclopedia concepts and encyclopedia projects and in approaches to bring the encyclopedia idea up to the state of the art in information technology ( especially hypertext , . . . ) . are there research activities going on in this field ? do you know of any more up-to - date bibliographies or papers ? please tell me ! christoph blaesi fakultaet fuer linguistik und literaturwissenschaft universitaet bielefeld postfach 100 131 d-4800 bielefeld 1 germany
 "",0
 564,""Subject: chomsky citations
  
  forgive me if i missed this , but in the earlier discussion of chomsky 's elevated position in the citations index , did anyone work out how many of the citations were for his linguistic works and how many were for his political works . i ask this out of general interest , and also because a colleague of mine is interested to know the extent of his stature in academic political studies . comments on the latter could be directed directly to me .
 "",0
 565,""Subject: epenthesis rules
  
  do epenthesis rules ever plausibly epenthesize more than one segment at a given position ? my suspicion is that they only insert a """" c """" or a """" v """" , but conceivably there are cases where they epenthesize a cc or a vv . ( not an affricate or vowel with off-glide , but two separate segments . ) conceivably there are even epenthesis rules that insert a cv . any examples ? by """" plausibly """" i mean , would a reasonable linguist ever propose such an analysis ( as opposed , perhaps , to a deletion analysis ) - - even though constraint x in theory y might rule out such an analysis . please send responses to me ; i can summarize to the net and / or send copies of replies to individuals if there is interest . mike maxwell phone : ( 704 ) 843-6369 jaars internet : maxwell @ jaars . sil . org box 248 waxhaw , nc 28173
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 566,""Subject: query : standard codes for languages and dialects
  
  what numerical and alphabetic codes have been established for representing languages and dialects in computer databases and computerized information exchange ? is there an international standard for representing the language ( and dialect ) of a spoken utterance ( as opposed to the written form ) . the best that i have found is the three-character alphabetic code used by the cornell - sil language archive as published in ethnologue by wycliffe bible translators , inc . however , it does not have the status of an international standard and does not have a corresponding numerical form that is published . ideally the standard numerical form would use 13 bits to represent the 5445 languages described . this would leave 3 bits out of two bytes to reference up to 8 dialects . the international organization for standardization does publish two relevant standards but neither attempts to represent spoken languages directly . the standard iso 639 : 1988 is a """" code for the representation of the names of languages . """" it uses two alphabetic characters to represent only 136 languages and does not distinguish the various spoken forms of chinese ( mandarin , cantonese , etc . ) . the standard iso 3166 : 1988 is a """" code for the representation of the names of countries . """" it presents three different codes to represent the countries of the world . they can be of some use in identifying dialects associated with different countries . is this all there is ? is there any interest in establishing an iso international standard ? - brian doherty < doherty @ bnr . ca > p . s . what is the udc number ( = 20 for english , = 951 for chinese ) that is listed in the annex to iso 639 : 1988 ( e / f ) ?
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 567,""Subject: query : stieber 's law
  
  if i may , i would like to repeat a query i posted some time ago to which i received no responses : does anybody know who first proposed that analogical change cannot introduce new phonemic contrasts into a language ? the earliest reference i have found is a paper by z . stieber , written in polish in the 1930 's , but i think this must go back further . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i did receive one response ( from harry bochner ) regarding possible counterexamples to this , namely , it has been assumed that glottalized / y / in navaho is always of analogical origin . there are numerous other claimed examples of this in the literature , but most of them appear to be quite spurious ( e . g . , ukrainian and belorussian / dzh / ( voiced alveolopalatal affricate ) mentioned by jakobson , and certain umlauted vowels in swiss german mentioned by moulton and kiparsky ) .
 "",0
 568,""Subject: query : status of chomsky 's minimalist paper
  
  does anybody know the publication status of chomsky 's minimalist paper ?
 "",0
 569,""Subject: double negation in black english
  
  i am wondering if anyone has done research on double negation in black english in recent years . i am interested in particular in an old claim of labov 's that double negation in be spreads across clause boundaries as in : ain't no cat can't get in no coop as it happens , i believe that labov was wrong and that this example illustrates a different phenomenon , namely , reinterpretation of such structures as consisting of a single clause ( with ' ain't ' becoming a negative marker . and i am looking for any relevant research .
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 570,""Subject: query : narrative
  
  does anyone know of linguistic analyses of how shifts between narrator and character roles are expressed ? for example , one way is to switch to direct quote . but i ' m looking for cases without dialogue where the writer wants to express the thoughts , feelings , or perceptions of a character , i . e . , the writer wants to present the perspective of the character . while i ' m interested in how the character 's perspective is represented , i ' m even more interested in how the writer uses linguistic devices to show that the text is moving from the narrator 's perspective to the character 's perspective . thanks in advance . wynne janis janis @ purccvm
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 571,""Subject: accents : linguistnet in the news
  
  since victor raskin kindly kept me supplied with the responses he received to his july 6 query about the westfield accents petition , i was unusually well prepared to respond when a reporter meredith o'brien phoned me july 8 to ask if i had an opinion as a linguist on the matter ; when i told her about the linguistnet discussion of it , she was quite surprised and interested to learn of the existence of such a thing , and it turned out her ediotr was too , and the result was an article which is as much about linguistnet as about accents . the first such that i know of . i contacted victor to get his permission to use what i 'd gotten from him , but of course neither of us could contact quickly enough the many linguists whose responses i was faxing to the newspaper . i figured , and victor agreed , that messages sent to linguistnet are more or less public , and that in any case this was a very good and positive opportunity for us to do some educating of the public , which we are always looking for opportunities for . i certainly hope everyone who was quoted in the article agrees that i did the right thing in making the linguistnet discussion available to the reporter . i think the reporter did a good job of it . here 's the text of her article : springfield ( mass . ) union - news , westfield edition , friday , july 10 , 1992 , p . 1 linguists criticize accent position by meredith o'brien westfield - victor raskin , a linguistics professor at purdue university in indiana , was quite perplexed when he saw an article in his local newspaper about westfield 's petition to prohibit instructors with accents from teaching elementary school students . """" has anybody else seen a weird piece in the newspaper about a measure taken by the greek mayor of a small massachusetts town with a very ethnically mixed population to prevent people with foreign accents to be employed as grade school teachers , """" raskin asked subscribers to a linguistics computer network this week . """" besides killing my own chances of ever teaching grade school over there , is this measure nonsensical linguistically ? """" he queried . responses to raskin 's question have been coming into the world-wide computer network called """" linguistnet """" all week , some from as far away as the netherlands and australia . and those who did respond had nothing good to say about the petition . raskin is one of several linguists who have assailed the petition , which has also been chastized by education officials - - including the state secretary of education - - as unfounded and racist . the school committee 's curriculum subcommittee wednesday night unanimously rejected the petition because the committee 's attorney told them it was legally unenforceable . the full committee will vote on the issue at its next meeting which has not yet been scheduled . the petition 's organizer , laura lee whitten , had no comment on the subcommittee 's decision . meanwhile , the eight linguists who called into """" linguistnet """" on their computers concluded that parents should not be worried about their elementary school children acquiring an accent from their teachers because the chances of that happening are next to impossible . network subscriber , barbara partee , chairwoman of the linguistics department at the university of massachusetts , concurs with the conclusions of her colleagues . """" what research exists on this matter makes it very clear that it would be nearly impossible to be influenced by the accent of a grade school teacher """" , she said wednesday . """" young children , almost universally , pick up their accents from their peers . """" she said if people looked at immigrant families where the children were born in this country , they would find that the children have not adopted their parents ' accent . many others agreed . """" i used to live in boston , where you can cut the local accent with a knife , and played the organ for a church in arlington , mass . , where the pastor and his wife were from the midwest , """" craig thiersch , a linguistics professor from tilburg university in the netherlands said . """" but all their children had strong ' towny ' accents . """" """" my own rather limited experience is that children are n't influenced by the foreign accents of their parents , much less their teachers , """" echoed university of georgia professor michael a . covington . """" kids get their accents from their peers , """" agreed susan ervin - tripp from the university of california at berkeley . while the linguists roundly criticized the petition , some said they could understand why some parents signed it . noting the problems some college students have in understanding some of their foreign professors , they acknowledged that a teacher 's english should be understandable . but the existence of an accent is not a reason to rule out the hiring of an instructor , they said . """" my own opinion is that it is legitimate to require that teachers be understandable to their students , but that is presumably a normal job qualification that does not require a petition , """" partee said . she said at umass , foreign instructors and professors are screened to assure their english can be understood . """" but no one has ever been disqualified because of an accent . """" [ end of newpaper article . ] in the same paper , there was a nice column by william raspberry . much of it repeats things we ' ve been over on the net ; i extract here a bit from the ending : """" as one who was taught french by a german - accented professor who used to amuse us with her talk of """" consonants and wowels , """" i understand why some parents might be wary of having their youngsters taught reading by teachers whose pronunciations are too far from standard . but what in this nation of a thousand accents is too far from standard ? and who determines it ? how much of the whole business is simple prejudice against hispanic teachers ? how does one draw the line between a legitimate interest in occupational qualification and an illegitimate interest in ethnicity or national origin ? where is the universal principle ? kant might not want to hear this , but the principle is the problem . a good principal would handle the thing without working up a sweat . she 'd listen , make some experience-based judgment as to whether a teacher 's accent might prove an impediment to beginning readers and make the appropriate assignment . she might not even be able to tell you , in close cases , what tipped the judgment one way or another , but would that really be so awful ? only if you try to make it a kantian universal . make it a principle , and you ' re stuck willy-nilly with language panels , ethnic spokespersons , teachers ' union reps and , of course , lawyers . before it 's over , people will stop speaking to each other across racial or ethnic lines , and everybody will be working to get everybody else fired or defeated for re-election . the problem , of course , will remain unresolved . as they say in massachusetts ( or would if they thought of it ) , some things can be addressed in terms of the philosopher 's """" universal law . """" some kant .
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 572,""Subject: accents in classroom
  
  i received a number of helpful and informative responses from a few colleagues and i am grateful to all of them . below please find a digest of the responses . first of all , barbara partee provided the background information on the case itself , which was playing out practically in her own backyard . on july 7 , 1992 , barbara partee ( partee @ cs . umass . edu ) wrote to me : """" i ' m keeping an eye on the westfield accent uproar because it 's not far from here and there 's something about it in the paper almost every day , including editorials . i ' ll be glad to help keep you updated on news , and i would appreciate receiving any references you find out about to research that shows that the parents have nothing to worry about . ( an article in a local paper today , about reactions , said in the last paragraph """" linguists said that , as long as the teacher is comprehensible , parents concerned about having a good """" model """" in the classroom to help their children become americanized quickly in their speech have little to worry about . """" but no names or references . ) what happened was that early last week a petition signed by 403 residents of westfield , mass . was given to the school board in response to a decision to reassign two bilingual education teachers to positions as normal classroom teachers . the petition urges that no teacher be assigned to first or second grades """" who is not thoroughly proficient in the english language in terms of grammar , syntax , and - most important - the accepted and standardized use of pronunciation . """" the mayor of the city , a greek immigrant with an accent , and a proponent of english - only laws , and chair of the city 's school committee , has been vocally in favor of the petition . it has been denounced by the state 's secretary of education , piedad robertson , a native of cuba and a former kindergarten teacher herself , who immediately came out with the statement that the proposal """" would appear to be discrimination , plain and simple . . . . this petition , instead of fostering the acceptance of cultural diversity , would appear to encourage bigotry , racism , and discrimination . """" the mayor in a phone interview june 30 dismissed her attack as """" bovine scatology . """" the state 's attorney general has offered th opinion that the plan would almost certainly violate the state 's anti-discrimination laws . an article today ( both articles i ' m quoting from are in the daily hampshire gazette , of northampton , though there was also a mention in sunday 's nytimes ) says the mayor , george varelas , says he has been getting calls from all over the country , mostly agreeing with his point of view . the two parents who started the drive are expressing great surprise ; the wife , """" who is of spanish and portuguese descent , has become so distraught over accusations of bigotry . . . that she has taken to avoiding people . """" the city has about 36000 population and a broad ethnic mix . but like most of what one reads about the english only movement , there 's a great deal of debate about whether it 's racist or xenophobic , etc . , and very little about the fundamental question that you raised , namely does it in fact have any effect on the acquisition of english by the children in the classes ? """" throughout last week , i was forwarding the responses to barbara and she was updating the story as things evolved . on july the 8th , she was contacted by a reporter of the westfield paper , and she asked me for ( and , of course , received ) permission to use the materials i had in her interview with the paper . on july the 9th , barbara wrote : """" by the way , i heard second hand that the school committee or a subcommittee thereof just voted this morning 3 - 0 not to adopt the petitioners ' request . i ' ll know more by this evening 's news . i expect the newspaper article that our stuff went to will appear tomorrow morning . i ' ll let you know . this is happening quicker , and coming out more emphatically on the right side , than i had expected . """" the article appeared on friday , july the 10th , and barbara is likely to post it here on monday . as you will see , the reporter was absolutely fascinated by the fact of the ongoing worldwide discussion of the issue on a computer net . the same issue of the same paper ran a syndicated column by william raspberry on the subject . i have not yet found a paper available here that runs bill raspberry . that was the chronicle , and now for the substance of the responses . a couple of people suggested that the petitioners ' concern was about the teachers being comprehensible to the grade school students . this is , of course , a most legitimate concern , and many states , school corporations , and universities have taken measures to protect their students from incompetent english speakers . apparently , however , this was not the petitioners ' concern , and the core of the issue was their belief that the students would acquire the foreign accent of a teacher . all the responses on this subject shared the conviction that it could not happen . michael covington ( mcovingt @ uga . cc . uga . edu ) : """" my own rather limited experience is that children are n't even influenced by the foreign accents of their _ parents _ , much less teachers . """" cliff miller ( miller @ defun . cs . utah . edu ) : """" of course it is possible [ for a grade school student to be influenced by the teacher 's foreign accent ] , but it is highly unlikely that it will be complete or long-lasting . and perhaps the more important question is : does it matter ? i grew up in several different places and my english has undergone a number of shifts - - i even had a japanese accent for a while . my english is quite native now and i do n't think that the different stages it went through did it any harm . . . . """" craig thiersch ( thiersch @ kub . nl ) : """" i ' m afraid i do n't have any citations from linguistics literature , and our phonologist is n't here today , but you ' re right : it 's more or less common knowledge that children virtually always acquire the accent of their peers , not that of parents , teachers , or other adults . i can think of countless examples from my own experience : for instance , i used to live in boston , where you can cut the local accent with a knife , and played organ for a church in arlington , mass . , where the pastor and his wife were from the mid - west . but all their children had strong """" towny """" arlington accents . """" amy sheldon ( asheldon @ vx . acs . umn . edu ) : """" i was interested in learning that your daughter never acquired the pronunciations of the 3 adults at home , when they differed from , i assume , the local dialect . i can add that our 9 & 12 year olds do not have any of their father 's quebec french pronunciations or translations in their speech and on occasions when they have had his speech forms / usage , they seem to get rid of it when they learn the local dialect . that is , his speech does not persist in theirs . they also recently asked me if i thought that daddy had a foreign accent . they said they did n't think so . i must admit , that i have to stop and think a second before i realize that he does indeed have an accent , and that on reflection , our kids will admit to it too . but there is a sense in which we do n't think on a minute to minute basis of him as speaking differently from us , though certain pronunciations or translations on occasion may strike us noticeably . i 'd imagine that students in a class with a nonnative teacher muight have the same perceptions , esp . if the teacher is fluent in english , although having an accent . this is a good """" applied linguistics """" example . """" the only references that the discussion has yielded so far were contributed by catherine doughty and susan ervin - tripp . catherine doughty ( catherine . doughty @ linguistics . su . edu . au ) : """" the ability """" to be affected by phonology """" seems to be the earliest of thing to go in terms of maturational constraints on language acquisition - - see the work of johnson & newport 1989 in cognitive psychology 21 . j & n set the age of the beginning of the decline at 5 or 6 . another interesting case that is analogous in some ways but not others is the case of simon a profoundly deaf child of profoundly deaf parents . simon 's parents were late acquirers of asl ( learned at ages 16 & 15 ) and so provided non-native and very different versions of asl to their child . they are his only source of input , as simon goes to a """" normal """" school where no one knows any asl . simon 's asl is comparable to the asl of children who learn asl from native signers - - e . g . , nativelike . ( singleton 1989 dissertation ) . susan ervin - tripp ( ervin-tr @ cogsci . berkeley . edu ) : """" it would be nearly impossible for a child to be influenced by the accent of a grade school teacher unless it was the prestige accent of the community , and the child knew it . as labov showed convincingly , kids get their accents from their peers . on the other hand , i ran into some reported cases of children who preserved the accents of their immigrant parents , but these were unusual cases of socially isolated children . for example , in the clinical literature i found a case of an 8 year old who immigrated at 3 , and still had """" his father 's accent """" . as he was psychoanalyzed ( ! ) he lost his accent , spoke like his peers , and became able to mimic the accent at will . buxbaum , psychoanalytic quarterly , 18 , 279-289 ( 1949 ) . """" - - victor raskin raskin @ j . cc . purdue . edu professor of english and linguistics ( 317 ) 494-3782 chair , interdepartmental program in linguistics 494-3780 fax coordinator , natural language processing laboratory purdue university w . lafayette , in 47907 u . s . a .
 "",0
 573,""Subject: compounds and pdp
  
  re : query : compounding and pdp * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dear reader of linguist , last year , we put a query on linguist , asking for work done about the interpretation of nominal compounds . thanks to the many replies we got , we managed to obtain the excellent dissertation of mary ellen ryder ( ordered chaos : an investigation of the interpretation of english noun - noun compounds ) . now , one year further , we are thinking of implementing a pdp model like the one ryder introduces in her work . however , it seems to us that little work has yet been done on this . since as far as we know , ryder does not have e-mail , we wanted to ask some general questions about this matter : - do you know whether m . e . ryder or anyone else for that sake has made some kind of implementation of a compound interpretation model ? in her thesis , ryder mentions some small implementation of which she does n't mention the results . - if not , do you know of any other people that are working with pdp techniques , particularly with a view to implementing morphology ? many thanks in advance , lieve de wachter and jan provoost centre of computational linguistics leuven maria - theresiastraat 21 b-3000 leuven belgium tel . + + 32 16 28 50 85 fax . + + 32 16 28 50 25 e - mail : lieve @ et . kuleuven . ac . be jan @ et . kuleuven . ac . be
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 574,""Subject: query : uninflected tags
  
  does anybody know of recent work on uninflected tags like huh ? and right ? in the examples below ? they ' re going to replace dos , right ? then he 's got to look for a job , huh ? contact me directly and i ' ll summarize responses . thanks . neal r norrick , tb0nrn1 @ niu . bitnet
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 575,""Subject: query : melcuk ( melchuk )
  
  does anybody know a working email ( or other ) address for igor melcuk ( melchuk ) ?
 "",0
 576,""Subject: threatened sudan languages ii .
  
  threatened sudan languages : response > from roger blench , cambridge i would like to thank the many people who responded to my posting on threatened languages of kordofan . it seems there is a large unsatisfied need out there to work with real speakers in situ , which is very encouraging for individuals such as myself who often feel marooned in the arid wastes of theory . i am attempting to set up a direct email address for those who have expressed interest and we will attempt to sort and answer all the queries with more detailed information as soon as possible . i append to this a few reflections occasioned by the response which you can ignore . 1 . of all the countries mailed the one major nation from which there was absolutely no response was england . this is disappointing , but not at all surprising . i had always suspected that both anthropology and field linguistics in england were closely bound up with the empire and that now the empire has gone , inward-looking has become the rule . anthropology i have had to largely discard now that the seminar rooms are awash with post-modernist chitchat , while linguistics seems bent on disappearing up its own theoretical orifices . 2 . the evident desire to go out and work with informants in context in order to actually assist communities ( as opposed to the parade of taxi-driver informants who have provided much of the """" african """" language material these last few years , especially in north america ) makes one ask why field linguistics has such a low prestige and why the making of dictionaries and the preparation of reference grammars is a barely acceptable activity ( as measured by the difficulty in getting these published ) . 3 . i posted a message about sudan , but every african country has threatened languages that require immediate attention . my work on the language atlas of nigeria ( finally published recently ) has made me aware of at least 50 languages in nigeria that are close to extinction . why , for example , is it easier to hold conferences and make up committees on threatened languages than to actually pay somebody to go out and do some basic work ? thank you again for the encouraging response . roger blench
 "",0
 577,""Subject: workbook
  
  in ' 95 i ' m teaching a unit called descripptive linguistics : morphology and syntax . its one of those 2nd / 3rd yr level units that covers classic a structuralist techniques for analysing and describing languages , introduces students to some of the theoretical and conceptual problems that arise in language description , and exposes students to some of the main types of morphological and syntactic phenomena in languages of the world . its thus mainly descriptive , but with a secondary typological bent , and i ' m sure in this respect it is similar to linguistics units on offer at many universities . as a text i ' m using ( bits of ) the new crowley , lynch , siegel , piau book ' design of language ' which is being published by longman in jan ' 95 . as support material for this unit , i ' m putting together a collection of language data problems as a workbook . in the past i ' ve either concocted my own , or plundered the usual sources ( langacker , stockwell , demers & farmer , etc etc ) but i ' m a bit tired of these and i ' m on the lookout for fresh material . many of you who have been involved in both teaching and language description have probably , like me , developed language data problems for use in assignments and tutorials , etc . 20 so i ' m writing to seek contributions from anyone who 'd like to pool such data . i ' ll happily accept problems in phonology , but i ' m particularly interested in morphology , morphosyntax and syntax . i 'd like the workbook to have an australian / asian / pacific regional bias , but not so strong as to stifle typological diversity , so i ' ll welcome useful material from any language anywhere . contributors will be acknowledged in the text ( as in sample below ) and will receive a free electronic copy of the completed workbook . i 'd like any contributions before mid - jan , and the completed workbook will be posted to you at the end of feb . my immediate intention is to create a student resource manuscript for ' 95 , but if subsequent publication seems desirable , i ' ll recontact contributors to seek their permission . if you are interested , here 's a list of topics as a prompt , and a few guidelines . 20 / 80 grammatical categories , noun class / gender , tam distinctions , polarity , transitivity , causatives , voice , pre - / suf - / in - / simul - / supra-fixes , replacive / zero / subtractive morphs , compounding , redup , morphotactics , inflection / derivation , conditioned allomorphy , abstractness in morphophonemics , clitics , case distinctions , concord , word order , adpositions , verb serialisation , co-ordination , subordination , complements , relativisation , problems that highlight the adequacy / inadequacy of insertion / movement rules , etc etc 80 provide the language name , and a short language description ( as in sample below ) . 80 data emaile to nreid @ metz . une . udu . au as an attached document , keyed in times 12 and iparoman 12 fonts , will simplify my job , but good data scrawled in blood on paperbark will do if it 's legible . 80 if you use an established orthography instead of ipa , provide a key to the orthography ( as in sample below ) . sample format ( a dangerous exercise within eudora - please allow for its limitations ) problem 1 ngan ' giwumirri [ contributed by : nicholas reid ] description : 20 ngan ' giwumirri is spoken by about 20 people in the daly river region 300 kms southwest of darwin in the northern territory of australia . it is a non - pamanyungan language with an elaborate noun class system and complex polysynthetic verbal morphology . 20 question : 20 the ngan ' giwumirri data below illustrates the morphological marking of membership in two noun classes . describe the semantics of these two noun classes , and their morphology , noting any allomorphy that you find . can you argue convincingly for an ' underlying form ' for either class marker . [ useful info : ngan ' giwumirri has a four vowel inventory ; / i / high front , / e / low front . / a / low back , / u / high back . orthographic ' ty , ' 's y ' and ' ny ' represent palatal stop , fricative , and nasal respectively , / rr / and / r / represent a trill and continuant ] . 20 1 daba arm 16 damadi chest 2 adany shark 17 depi head 3 afiti insect 18 deme hand 4 eferri bluetongue 19 dapurr bum 5 detyirri navel 20 afu 20 whip snake 6 engete kingfisher 21 afunyi mosquito 7 detyerri ear 22 defirr foot 8 awiny bream 23 dagarri leg 9 afilpurr carpet snake 24 epelen rifle fish 10 denintyi knee 25 desyi nose 11 dederri back 26 aminyirr peewee 12 awuntyerr finch 27 amu fly 13 emengginy goanna 28 datyamu cheek 14 data shoulder 29 detyeny tongue 15 akaka nightjar owl 30 elele curlew end sample format many thanks nick reid note , direct address : nreid @ metz . une . edu . au
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 578,""Subject: language requirements for teachers
  
  a few weeks ago i directed a query at linguists ensconsed in english departments . i wanted to know what the language course requirements ( i . e . , intro to ling . , history of english , etc . ) were for english majors , particularly those planning to be high school or elementary school teachers . i only got a half-dozen replies . thanks so much to those six . out of the six universities represented by the six respondants , two required six credits ( two courses ) for both english majors and english majors who intend to teach . the other four require only three credits for simple majors , but six for those who intend to be teachers . armed with this information i went to the curriculum committee prepared to defend our current six credit requirement for students seeking a teaching certificate . there had been a proposal introduced to reduce it to three . i made my case for about five minutes . when i was finished , the other members of the committee looked at each other , shrugged , and withdrew the proposal to reduce the language requirement . victory .
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 579,""Subject: tenure - track opening in japanese
  
  previously i posted an abbreviated job announcement from california state university , los angeles . here is the entire posting . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * california state university los angeles announcement of opening department of modern languages and literatures tenure track assistant / associate professor of japanese position : the department of modern languages and literatures announces the opening of a tenure-track position in japanese to start september 1995 . qualifications : ph . d . or a . b . d . in japanese or a closely-related field . native or near-native proficiency in japanese ; fluent english . ability to teach all levels of language as well as courses in civilization , linguistics , or literature . applicants should be able to demonstrate excellence in university teaching , familiarity with competency-based instruction , and willingness to contribute to program development . candidates in any area of specialization are encouraged to apply ; preference will be given to those with a linguistics background . rank and salary : although it is expected that the appointment will be made at the rank of assistant professor , an especially well-qualified candidate could be appointed at the rank of associate professor . salary is competitive and will depend upon qualifications and experience . the doctorate is required for tenure or promotion . general information : founded in 1947 , california state university , los angeles is one of 20 campuses in the california state university system . the university offers programs in more than 50 academic and professional fields in four state-supported quarters per year . full - time faculty teach during three of the four quarters . the campus is located at the eastern edge of the city of los angeles , and offers easy access to a variety of cultural and educational institutions and activities . the student body of approximately 20 , 000 full - and part-time students reflects the ethnic diversity of the area . the university has collective bargaining contracts with the faculty and other employee units . in addition to its other language programs , the department of modern languages and literatures offers the b . a . degree in french , japanese and spanish , and the m . a . in french and spanish . the university has an active affirmative action program and encourages ethnic minorities , women , and persons with disabilities to apply . applications : submit letter of application , curriculum vitae , and dossier with transcripts to : joseph crzanowski , chair department of modern languages and literatures california state niversity , los angeles 5151 state university drive los angeles , ca 90032-8112 deadline : applications accepted until position is filled . candidates whose completed applications are received by december 15 , 1994 will be considered for an interview at the mla convention . california state university los angeles is an equal opportunity / affirmative action / disabled / title ix employer . upon request , reasonable accommodation will be provided to individuals with protected disabilities to ( a ) complete the employment process and ( b ) perform essential job functions when this does not cause an undue hardship .
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 580,""Subject: tenure - track positions available
  
  tenure-track positions center for international programs saint michael ' s college applications are invited for two tenure-track teaching positions at the assistant professor level . saint michael 's college is a small catholic liberal arts and sciences college with a thriving center for international programs . programs in the center include the intensive english program , the university academic ( bridge ) program , undergraduate language and linguistics , special programs , and a master 's degree program in teaching english as a second / foreign language . we seek candidates able to teach in all program areas , with undergraduate and graduate responsibilities . preferred areas of expertise include k-12 esl and bilingual education , english for academic or special purposes , efl / esl methodologies , second language acquisition , and / or adult / refugee education . responsibilities include teaching 10-11 hours per week , appropriate research , and service to the college as well as the profession . ability to teach languages other than english will be considered a plus . preference will be given to candidates who have a ph . d . in applied linguistics , education , tesol or a related field and who have successful teaching and teacher-training experience and evidence of scholarship . send letter of application , c . v . and 3 letters of reference by february 1 ( for august 1995 hire date ) to the office of human resources , saint michael 's college , winooski park , colchester , vt 05439 . saint michael ' s college is an affirmative action / equal opportunity employer
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 581,""Subject: job announcement
  
  job announcement the department of linguistics of the university of ottawa invites applications for an eighteen month replacement position at the rank of assistant professor , effective july 1 , 1995 . requirements : ph . d . in linguistics , proof of excellence in research , ability to teach courses in both official languages ( english and french ) . preferred area of specialization is phonetics / phonology with an experimental orientation and a demonstrated interest in theoretical phonology . our department boasts an extremely well-equipped research laboratory and a dedicated electronics technologist . preference will be given to candidates who are willing to exploit and develop this resource . salary is commensurate with qualifications and experience , in keeping with the collective agreement . candidates are invited to address their applications with cv , three letters of recommendation , and copies of representative publications to : eta schneiderman , chair department of linguistics university of ottawa ottawa , ontario k1n 6n5 canada ( fax : ( 613 ) 564-9067 ) applications received before january 15 , 1995 are guaranteed consideration , although the department may continue to consider applications until a final decision is made . the university of ottawa has an employment equity policy and strongly encourages applications from women . in accordance with canadian immigration requirements , this advertisement is directed to canadian citizens and permanent residents of canada . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * annonce de poste le departement de linguistique de l ' universite d ' ottawa annonce un poste de remplacement de dix-huit mois au niveau de professeur ( e ) adjoint ( e ) a partir du 1er juillet 1995 . exigences : doctorat en linguistique , preuves d ' excellence en recherche , capacite d ' enseigner dans les deux langues officielles ( anglais et francais ) . le domaine de specialisation souhaite est la phonetique / phonologie avec une orientation experimentale et un interet marque pour la theorie phonologique . notre departement possede un laboratoire de recherche extremement bien equipe auquel se rattache un technicien specialise en electronique . la preference ira aux candidat ( e ) s pret ( e ) s a exploiter cette ressource . le salaire sera conforme a la convention collective . les interesse ( e ) s sont prie ( e ) s d ' envoyer leur c . v . , trois lettres de recommandation , des copies de leurs publications pertinentes et / ou travaux de recherche a : eta schneiderman , directrice departement de linguistique universite d ' ottawa ottawa , ontario k1n 6n5 canada ( telecopieur : ( 613 ) 564-9067 ) les candidatures recues avant le 15 janvier sont assurees d ' etre prises en consideration , mais le departement se reserve la possibilite de considerer les candidatures recues a une date ulterieure jusqu ' a ce que la decision finale soit prise . l ' universite d ' ottawa a une politique d ' equite en matiere d ' emploi et encourage fortement les femmes a presenter leur candidature . conformement aux exigences d ' immigration du canada , cette annonce s ' adresse aux citoyens / citoyennes et aux immigrant ( e ) s recu ( e ) s .
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 582,""Subject: translators needed for women for women !
  
  i am posting the following message for my friends who are not on the list : * would you like to use your language skills to help women survivors of the war in bosnia and croatia ? women for women , a u . s . based , nonprofit sponsorship program sending letters and money each month to the region , is desperately seeking volunteer translators . we translate letters both from and to english . even if you can manage only a handful of letters each month , it would lighten the load for the few translators we have now . for more information , call our office at ( 703 ) 519-1730 , and leave a message for zainab or robin . thank you ! * you may also send an e-mail message to me mima @ seur . voa . gov and i will forward it to * women for women : .
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 583,""Subject: contributions solicited to germanic generative syntax newsletter
  
  the germanic generative syntax newsletter ( ggsn ) appears twice a year in paper and electronic form . it contains a bibliography of unpublished papers on the syntax of the germanic languages as well as an overview over the recent published literature . in addition , it frequently contains abstracts , conference announcements and descriptions , job announcements , special bibliographies , and email addresses of researchers of the field . we are getting ready to put together this year 's fall issue and would like to solicit any contributions of the type described above . note , however , that because of space considerations we usually do not publish information on modern english . please send any material you want included in the next issue to gert webelhuth at webelhuth @ unc . edu before november 12 . if you would like to subscribe to the newsletter , send email to the same address , specifying whether you would like to receive the newsletter in paper or electronice form . because of scarcity of funds , it is greatly appreciated if you opted for the electronic version . gert webelhuth university of north carolina american editor of ggsn email address for all correspondence : webelhuth @ unc . edu
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 584,""Subject: celiac / oaxaca native literacy project
  
  this memo is going out to scholars who might be interested in acquiring the native-language texts being produced in mexico at celiac . please pass this on to colleagues who might also wish to acquire these texts . celiac 's indigenous-language books are published in hard copy and on disk . in 1995 , they will also be available on audio tape . i have posted several long messages about the history of celiac , formerly called the oaxaca native literacy project . if you would like copies of those postings , please let me know . russ bernard ( university of florida , on leave 1994-95 at the university of cologne ) books available from celiac and how to order them celiac ( centro editorial en literatura indigena , a . c . ) is a not - for-profit , indigenous-language publishing center in oaxaca , mexico . celiac 's books are published in perfect-bound , paperback editions and as pc disk files . most of celiac 's books cost $ 30 per volume . tiburcio perez ' book of totonac poetry ( book # 1 on the list below ) costs $ 60 . it contains 53 color drawings by the author . prices include shipping in the u . s . canada , and mexico . for other countries , add $ 10 per volume . disk versions of celiac books are in ms-dos , wordperfect 5 . 1 format . disks cost $ 30 each if purchased separately , but are $ 10 with the purchase of a book . proceeds from sales of celiac books support indigenous authors and also support the distribution of books to local schools . following is a list of the books now available or in press . ( note : we do not show special characters , like the barred i or the dieresis , on e - mail . we do , however , show the spanish enye as n ^ . ) 1 . x ' tachwin x ' tatlin li tutunaku ( palabra y canto de los totonacos ) , by tiburcio perez gonzalez ( jun ) . poetry in totonac and spanish . over 50 original color illustrations by the author . publication date : may 1994 . cost : $ 60 . 00 usc 2 . dillzaan nha ' kalhjagok ' ks ( cuentos y leyendas en idioma zapoteco de la sierra norte ; area cajonof : yaganiza , san mateo , xagacia , y carizal ) , by alfredo rios belem . in zapotec . publication 3 . na kaa iyo yo chi nuu chikua ' a ( la vida cotidiana de jicayan , volume i ) , by josefa leonarda gonzalez ventura . in mixtec . publication date : march , 1993 . cost : $ 30 . 00 usc 4 . la vida cotidiana de jicayan . ( na kaa iyo yo chi nuu chikua ' a volume i ) , by josefa leonarda gonzalez ventura . in spanish . publication date : march 1994 . cost : $ 30 . 00 usc 5 . lala ia ti jujmi ki tsa ko wi ( asi se cuenta en el idioma chinanteco de ojitlan ) , by fidel pereda ramon and bartola morales garcia . in chinantec . publication date : late 1994 . 6 . te ' en ni tui nuu yo ( asi se fundo nuestro pueblo ) , by pablo hernandez hernandez . in mixtec . publication date : late 1994 . 7 . ra nt ' emee maya ' mu ' ne mapaya ( la religion tradicional y religion contemporanea ) , by jesus salinas pedraza . in nahn ^ u ( otomi ) and spanish . publication date : mid - 1994 . the english edition of this book is available in h . r . bernard and j . salinas , native ethnography , sage publications , 1989 . in spanish and n ^ ahn ^ u , late 1994 or early 1995 . 8 . ra ' mede ra hnini ra dexto ( historia de la comunidad de el dexto ) , by jesus salinas pedraza . in nahn ^ u and spanish . publication date : early 1995 . 9 . yelesi ' in che bene ' golhe jseshe ( los conocimientos de los ancianos de yatzachi el bajo ) , by digna salvador eugenio . in zapotec and spanish . publication date : late - 1994 . 10 . tyusu cha nakatyi nuyivi nuu kasando ' o ( cuentos que narra la gente de jamiltepec ) , by miguel lopez hernandez . in mixtec and spanish . publication date : late 1994 celiac 's books may be purchased directly from celiac . contact box 1530 , oaxaca , oax . mexico 68000 , or celiac , avenida ejercito mexicano 1107 , colonia ampliacion dolores , oaxaca , oaxaca , 68020 mexico . payment for celiac books may be made by international bank draft , or you may wire funds directly to celiac . for details in spanish , contact celiac on e-mail at celiac @ laneta . igc . apc . org , or call jesus salinas or josefa gonzalez at celiac : 011-52 - 951-59725 or 59729 . for details in english , contact contact h . russell bernard at 904-376 - 4544 ( fax : 904-376 - 8617 ) , e-mail ufruss @ nervm . nerdc . ufl . edu if you wish to sponsor a native author at celiac , or help celiac purchase a computer for a village , or underwrite the distribution of celiac 's books to village schools , contact russell bernard ( address above ) . these tax-deductible contributions to the project are handled by the university of florida foundation , inc . contact jesus salinas or josefa gonzalez by phone , mail , or e-mail ( addresses above ) if you 'd like to visit celiac .
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 585,""Subject: george aditjondro
  
  dr george aditjondro , a prominent indonesian academic at satya wacana university in salatiga , central java , remains at risk of imminent arrest for his peaceful academic and political activities . he was not arrested on 8 october because he was not in the country at the time . he has since returned , and on 12 october , dr aditjondro received a second summons on charges of """" insulting a government authority or body """" , under article 207 of the indonesian criminal code , a charge which carries a maximum penalty of 18 months imprisonment . if detained , dr aditjondro would be a prisoner of conscience . the second summons requires him to report to yogyakarta police at 10am on 15 october . it does not clarify whether dr aditjondro is wanted as a witness or a suspect . if held and questioned as a suspect , dr aditjondro could face prosecution and imprisonment . the pretext for the charge against dr aditjondro appears to arise from comments he made during a panel discussion at the universitas islam indonesia ( uii ) in yogyakarta in august . amnesty international believes , however , that the authorities are attempting to punish dr aditjondro for his past criticism of government policy relating to human rights and environmental concerns in indonesia and east timor and , further , that the charge may be intended to prevent him from taking part in peaceful activities prior to and during the asia pacific economic cooperation ( apec ) meetings which will be held in jakarta in mid - november . amnesty international is also concerned that , since the issuance of the first summons on 5 october , dr aditjondro has been subjected to intensive surveillance by military intelligence officers from the resort military command ( korem ) in salatiga , both at his home and his place of work . under indonesia 's code of criminal procedure ( kuhap ) , the police and not the military , bear sole responsibility for the arrest of suspects . since military intelligence authorities have no lawful role to play in dr aditjondro 's case , amnesty international considers their activities in recent days to be a form of harassment . background information the charge against dr george aditjondro is symptomatic of a marked escalation in official harassment and intimidation of alleged government critics in recent months . these measures have included prevention or breaking up of meetings and seminars , the arbitrary arrest of human rights activists , and the torture or ill-treatment of some political detainees . human rights violations against labour activists are a part of this pattern . muchtar pakpahan , the chairman of the independent trade union , sbsi , is currently on trial along with at least nine others , accused of """" inciting """" workers to demonstrate and to strike . amnesty international believes that use of these measures against alleged government critics has increased in preparation for the apec meetings in november , which will attract considerable international and domestic media coverage . further recommended action : please send telegrams / faxes / express and airmail letters : - expressing concern that dr george aditjondro remains in imminent danger of arrest for the peaceful expression of his views ; - urging that the charge against dr aditjondro be immediately and unconditionally dropped ; - expressing concern about the current level of intimidation and harassment of alleged government critics , including academics , lawyers , journalists and human rights activists . appeals to : minister of state : drs moerdiono [ salutation : dear minister moerdiono ] menteri negara jl veteran no 17 jakarta , indonesia faxes : ( c / o - foreign ministry ) + 62 21 36 0517 or 7781 or 7782 telegrams : menteri negara , jakarta , indonesia military commander region iv / diponegoro : brig gen soerjadi [ salutation : dear brig gen soerjadi ] pangdam iv / diponegoro markas besar kodam iv diponegoro semarang jawa tengah , indonesia telegrams : pangdam iv / diponegoro , jawa tengah , indonesia chief of police yogyakarta : gen ( pol ) drs madra s banurusman [ salutation : dear gen ( pol ) banurusman ] kapolda yogyakarta markas besar kepolisian diy yogyakarta , indonesia telegrams : kapolda yogyakarta , indonesia please send copies of your appeals to : his excellency mr junus effendy habibie , embassy of indonesia , 38 grosvenor square , london w1x 9ad [ please see the responses to this topic for the addresses of diplomatic representatives in other countries ] and , if possible , to the following : minister of foreign affairs : ali alatas sh menteri luar negeri jl medan taman pejambon no 6 jakarta , indonesia faxes : + 62 21 36 0517 or 7781 or 7782 chair of the national commission on human rights : ali said sh ketua komisi nasional hak azasi manusia jalan veteran no 11 jakarta , indonesia faxes : ( c / o ministry of justice ) + 62 21 314 1625 please send appeals immediately . please do not send appeals after 10 november 1994 . + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + if you have any queries about this urgent action or about + + the ua scheme in general , please contact : + + ray mitchell + + amnesty international british section + + 99 - 119 rosebery avenue + + london ec1r 4re email : rmitchellai @ gn . apc . org + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
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 586,""Subject: ua appeal : arief budiman
  
  urgent action appeal : re : the unhonorable discharge of dr . arief budiman from university of satya wacana , salatiga , indonesia dr . arief budiman , one of the most consistent defenders of freedom of speech in indonesia and an outspoken critic of indonesian government , was fired from his position as a senior lecturer in the post graduate department at the christian university of satya wacana ( uksw ) , salatiga , indonesia . the letter of dismissal that will take effect on october 31st , 1994 , was issued on october 17th , and was cosigned by prof . haryono semangun ( chairman ) and drs . nelky oemboe nganggoe ( secretary ) of the university 's board of trustees . the letter said that dr . budiman has been unhonorably discharged because of not following the critique ethics adopted by the university . he was also accused of circulating issues discrediting the university 's board of trustees and rector . what dr . budiman actually did was only publicly expressing critical opinion againts the board 's controversial decision on the appoinment of the new rector , dr . john ihalauw . previously , dr . budiman received two letters of reprimand from the board , but no specific """" misconduct """" was mentioned in both letters . two additional notes must be mentioned . first , over the year the board has been under constant pressures from the majority of the faculty members , students , and administrative staffs of the university to revoke the appointment of the new rector , which was considered illegitimate . the same academic community has expressed public support for dr . budiman 's initiative to file a lawsuit againts the board . secondly , all of this is taking place as an increasingly sweeping clamp - down of intellectual activism has been heightening in the past two weeks , presumably in preparation for the upcoming apec summit in jakarta this november . there is a possibility that this dismissal was also intended at punishing dr . budiman and closing his opportunities to continue expressing his criticism to the indonesian authorities . in a separate case , dr . george junus aditjondro , another uksw 's lecturer and a close friend of dr . budiman , is still under police 's interrogation for insulting the state authorities while speaking in a seminar in another campus . this arbitrary measure againts dr . budiman has demonstrated how such an academic institution as uksw has violated the principles of freedom of speech and has threatened the democratic atmosphere within the academic community . his dismissal will be detrimental not only to the world-wide known reputation of uksw as one of more committed universities , but also to the dynamic of indonesia intelectual and academic life as well . as members of academic communities and individuals who are concerned with the maintenance of freedom of speech , we should express our concern to this arbitrary action . please send letter , fax , or make a call to the board of trustess of uksw for : - expressing concern at the unhonorable discharge of dr . arief budiman - asking the board to reconsider the decision and to give dr . arif budiman an opportunity to defend himself in front of the university 's senate and academic community in general . mailing address : prof . dr . ir . haryono semangun ketua umum dewan pengurus yayasan perguruan tinggi kristen satya wacana ( board of trustees satya wacana christian university ) jl . diponegoro 52-60 salatiga 50711 indonesia phones : ( 62 ) ( 298 ) - , 81362 , 81363 , 81364 fax : ( 62 ) ( 298 ) 81420 telex : 22364 ukswsa ia for more information , e-mail : amrih widodo at awidodo @ facstaff . uwisc . edu heri akhmadi at jpnn @ clark . net
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 587,""Subject: """" designing """" dialects
  
  the following appeared in a recent theater program : """" k . c . ligon ( dialects ) de signed the dialects for mccarter 's productions of the matchmaker , cat on a hot tin roof . . . . . """" i ' ve never encountered the term """" designed """" as applied to dialec ts or to dialect coaching in the theater . is this a common usage among linguistis ? sam glucksberg ( samg @ pucc . princeton . edu )
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 588,""Subject: language evolution context
  
  hello to all linguist - s ! i am """" lurking """" to ( proper use ? ) your conversations since now a good year , but , not being a linguist myself , i usually do not talk a lot . first , as a teacher of french language in taiwan , i must tell how much i feel listening to this list really brings me a lot . specially as i hold a non-prescriptive view of my own language ( contrary , i think , to the majority of teachers ( ? ) , and certainly to our embattled french ministre de la culture , mr toubon , that a lot of people in france now usually call mr . """" allgood """" : ) . i was prompted to write by the problem of the evolution of languages . . . so it is not so far from my allusion to mr . toubon with with i opened my message . . . it seems to me obvious that , ( apart from phonological evolution ) a language may evolve , at the morpho-systactic level , from acculturation , that is , influence of another , ( """" dominant """" or not ) language , in historical times , close geographically , but also through commercial contacts ( the modern times is another story - what does mean """" close """" when i can talk with you from taiwan ? ) . but i think the matter is quite more complicated that all that has been mentionned so far . . . first the chinese case seems to me very complicated and specific : a - there is a chinese """" isolat """" for about 4000 years ( quite no interaction with other cultures , except the bouddhist indian one , where it gave rise to a quite specific """" sub-language """" , mainly phonetic transcription of samskrit words into adapted-on - purpose chinese characters , but which has little to do with generic chinese , b - there is a feed-back from the ideographs , so that chinese language does n't evolve independantly from its writing since a long time , c - because the phonologic evolution of the spoken language is not directly reflected onto the writing system , which builts upon its own logic , it is possible that its laws of evolution could be very different from languages using alphabetic or syllabic systems of notation ( ? ) . more : my french is certainly influenced by the english i use on internet , and the chinese i use in day-to - day life ( to the point that i sometimes realise that , while talking to my sister in france by phone , i find myself unthinkingly telling her : """" j ' habite dans une petite hsiang derriere l ' ecole . """" ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ( i live in a little hsiang just behind the school - - """" hsiang """" being the chinese for a little alley connected to a main street ) . and having to apologize and reexplain . . . but i mainly switch between the languages , and there is little chance i create my own pidgin or creole . . . so do many taiwanese ( min-nan ) speaking people in the south of the island . . . so does it not mean that the evolution should depend on the education level of people - so that it would be differential inside a society according to , say , the social class ? there is probably as well a """" critical mass effect """" ( if france was turned into some chinese-dominant state . . . ) . is not our idea of """" homogeneity """" in evolution vitiated by the pretention of modern nation-states to generate a """" super-culture """" - through linguistic homogeneisation ? ) - i am also aware of phenomenons of resistance to acculturative evolution ( conscious or not ) as for the quebecquois telling , not """" un hot-dog """" as the french do , but """" un chien chaud """" ( toubon being in my opinion but a marginal impedement on the natural evolution , whatever direction it takes ) . . . - another exemple of the complexity of those issue would be the """" rigidification """" of a language facing a threat . it was given to me as an explanation when i was a student of kurdish , when i learnt that this language has in common with old persian an """" ergative """" ( ? ) construction for transitive verbs in past tenses , which was presented to me as a """" quite - passive """" construction . to allow for comparisons by more knowledgeable people , i will explain a little : there , the infix representing the agent is appended at the end of the verb , while the infix representing the subject is appended after the object , as : mindal-eke sew - ek - y xuward - 0 ( - eke and ek ( [ ^ e ] k ) being suffixes expressing definiteness ( eke = the ) ( child-the apple-one - he ate ) and indefiniteness respectively ( ek = a ) ) here , - y represents the child , - 0 a null infix ( there is only one apple ) , so """" the child ate the apples """" would be : mindal-eke sew - ek - y xiward-n < - - - - """" - n """" : there are several apples ( child-the apples-the - he ate-them ) so i was told at this time that this construct , which was used in old persian ( and is still used in the variety of persian spoken in afghanistan , is an archaic construction , characteristic of the periphery of the indo-iranian domain , that is , in kurdistan ( south-kurmandji , or sorani-speaking part ) , and also among the baluches , and represents a rigidification of the language due to a threat from other languages , ( so that languages at a domain periphery would sometimes evolve more slowly ) and that it has disappeared from standard modern persian . . . i would want to know if all that is still considered true , though . what do you think of it ? i guess there are as well different levels of evolution taking place simultaneously , that can be contradictory ( phonology , vocabulary , syntax . . . ) . anyway , i see several reasons why it should be difficult to infer any """" linear """" evolution of languages ( whatever fascination i feel when i read posts speaking of modelisations of 10 or 20 000 years back . . . ) on anything else that a case-by - case basis ( or does the fact that populations densities has obviously undergone a dramatic change since then , changing the dynamics of contacts . . . ? ? ? ? ) . to resume my questions : how can we ascertain that this language has had this reaction without having to resort to extra-linguistic implicit hypothesis as : homogeneity through classes , identity of evolution whatever the number of speakers would be ( lng-switching vs creolisation . . . ) , existence ( or not ) , type , and evolution of a scripting system ( * * ) etc . . . ? as i told , i am no linguist , ( neither """" linguistician """" nor philologist : ) , so i hope i did not waste your time , thus getting all your community angry at me ( ack ! - terrible perspective ) . but i will be very interested to read more about all this . friendly to all , gerard gautier ( * * ) once more , kurdish would be a good case in point , as it uses up to three different scripting systems according to the place ( latin , arabo-persian , cyrillic for the north-kurmandji , and latin and arabo-persian for sorani ) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ wen-tzao school | \ | / / gerard gautier of foreign languages | / \ \ | . . \ | \ | | _ _ > | _ / \ _ > o _ _ _ > kaohsiung - taiwan _ / _ / . . _ / ( _ s . . _ / gauier @ cc . nsysu . edu . tw ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
 "",0
 589,""Subject: """" re have
  
  this is just a quick note to thank all those who have sent me information concerning ' have / hold ' , etc . in non - ie languages . i am also quite happy to continue receiving information on this subject and will soon be posting a summary of the information i have received so far . i would also like to ask if - especially for those who have already sent me information - in these languages or any others there is a connection between a construction for ' to have / possess ' and perfect aspect / past tense , compulsion or existence , even when the verb ' have ' has not come from ' hold ' . so far , i ' ve received information on the following languages : japanese basque , tamil , chinese hebrew dakota arabic finish austronesian languages and papuan crow brazilian portuguese indo - european * ghebh ' give ' > lat . habeo ' hold ' and references to works on the subject by bernd heine , e . c . traugott , w . welmers and kathleen carey . i ' ll send more exact references later with a final summary of all info ( excepting those who wish to remain anonymous ) next week . thanks again ! john peterson , kiel , germany , e-mail : gor05 @ rz . uni-kiel . d400 . de
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 590,""Subject: summary of quaker language
  
  first of all , i 'd like to thank all those who sent messages , ideas , sources , etc . i was surprised at the number of """" quaker linguists """" , of which i append a list for the benefit thereof : barbara _ birch @ csufresno . edu brian _ drayton @ terc . edu t720026 @ univscvm . csd . scarolina . edu lasersoh @ ling . rochester . edu raol @ unix . york . ac . uk harolds @ u . washington . edu ligo523 @ utxvms . cc . utexas . edu if i ' ve left someone out , please excuse me , and write and tell me so . i would love to have more anecdotes , quotes , discussion , etc . the following persons suggested sources , the most frequent of which was that of richard bauman 's ( 1983 ) - let your words be few : symbolism of speaking and silence among 17th century quakers - ( cambridge : , c . u . p . ) . this is the source that got me started on my present study . keith walters tells me prof . bauman is presently at indiana university . he will presently be hearing from me . keith walters also told me about two quaker listservers , quaker - l and quaker - p [ listserv @ uiucvmd . bitnet or listserv @ vmd . cso . uiuc . edu ] and other things that open up new avenues of research for me . barbara birch is sending me her upcoming article in the international journal of the sociology of language , """" quaker plain speech : a policy of linguistic divergence . """" alan davies told me about his chapter in - styles of discourse - ( 1988 ) , n . coupland , ed ( croom helm ) , titled """" talking in silence : ministry in quaker meetings for worship . """" richard ogden wrote from york , england ( where quakerism got its start ) , to point out some of the differences between the speech of british and american friends , amongst other things . ron sutherland mentioned regna darnell 's ( 1970 ) article , """" the second person singular pronoun in english : the society of friends , """" in western canadian journal of anthropology . geert craps offerred the following sources : algermissen , k . ( 1986 ) """" quaker """" in buchberger , hoefer & rahner ( eds ) : lexikon fuer theologie und kirche - freiburg : herder verlag 8 , cols 912-12 . bauman , r . ( 1970 ) . """" aspects of 17th c . quaker rhetoric """" in quarterly journal of speech , 56 : 1 / 67-74 . wales , k . m . ( 1983 ) . """" ' thou ' and ' you ' in early modern english : brown and gilman re-appraised . """" studia linguistica 37 : 2 / 107-125 . brown , r . w . and gilman , a . ( 1960 ) . """" the pronouns of power and solidarity """" in t . a . sebeok """" s - style in language ( cambridge : mit press ) . harold schiffman , amongst other gems , gave me : bauman , r . """" speaking in the light : the role of the quaker minister """" in explorations in the ethnography of speaking , bauman and sherzer , eds . other sources i ' ve found include : shipley , elizabeth , f . ( 1991 ) . """" farewell to ' thee ' """" in napoli , jo & kegl ( eds ) - bridges between psychology and linguistics . shipley , elizabeth f . & thomas e . shipley , jr . ( 1969 ) . """" quaker children 's use of ' thee ' : a relational analysis . """" journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior 8 : 112-117 . tibbals , kate w . ( 1926 ) . """" the speech of plain friends : a preliminary survey """" - american speech 1 : 4 / 193-209 . that being the state of the messages at this time , i thank thee , and depart , unwillingly . candace zhang
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 591,""Subject: sapir - whorf bibliography
  
  a colleague of mine , terry kaufman , is trying to help an undergraduate anthro student compile a bibliography of works on the sapir - whorf hypothesis . they are particularly interested in references to works done in the last 10 years or so . if anyone can send bibliographic information on this subject , please reply directly to terry at : topkat @ vms . cis . pitt . edu thanks in advance . i can post a summary later . dan everett
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 592,""Subject: """" rain """" = """" falling """" + """" water """" ?
  
  i am trying to collect typological evidence to support etymology for turkic jagmur """" rain """" analysing it as jag - """" to fall """" + * - mur """" water """" , the second element being attested in manchu - tungus , korean , japanese , and possibly in mongolic . does anyone know similar examples outside of altaic ? sasha vovin avvovin @ miamiu . acs . muohio . edu
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 593,""Subject: re : 5 . 1205 linguistics and imperialism
  
  for what it is worth , i remembering hearing somewhere that the old persian empire used to employ a number of translators who were competent both in the imperial language and in the language of their region to carry messages throughout the empire . presumably , this was somewhat similar to the british empire where imperial functionaries used to receive additional payments when they had passed appropriate exams in local languages . an old family friend who was district commissioner for some part of uganda used to sit in court regularly overseeing cases in customary law which were always conducted in the vernacular . these were not languages that were necessarily well-known in the fco , although he had to make regular reports back to london . although he would not have described himself as a linguist , it would seem that his work depended on an amount of ( pre-theoretical ) linguistics . tony bex
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 594,""Subject: re : 5 . 1205 linguistics and imperialism
  
  further to wald and grosserhode : the idea that there is a connection between linguistics and imperialism was proposed by the norwegian linguist hans vogt ( yes , the specialist on kartvelian and other things ) in a leaflet published in 1935 , ' maalstrid og klassekamp ' [ language debate and class struggle ] . i have a brief reference to his ideas in my article on research policy in ammon , dittmar and mattheier eds . sociolinguists . an international handbook ( berlin 1988 ) , with some more references , also to explicitly opposing views ( like geoffrey sampson 's , who does n't refer to vogt directly , though ) . hartmut haberland
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 595,""Subject: linguistics and imperialism
  
  it 's probably true that linguistics tends to thrive in circumstances of imperialism , but the reason is not that linguistics is inherently imperialistic by nature . when does linguistics happen ? when a society with a literate culture comes into contact with peoples speaking other languages , and takes an interest in them . imperialism provides one situation in which this can occur , but not the only one . bob hoberman rhoberman @ ccmail . sunysb . edu
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 596,""Subject: research vs . performance activities and professional labels
  
  karl teeter 's remark in linguist 5-1187 , > and the ambiguity is not all that bad : think of all the > opportunities you have been offered to present an introductory > lecture on linguistics in answer to the question """" how many languages do > you speak ? """" . and also , as an occupational hazard , the linguist does often > tend to become a polyglot , willy-nilly . . . then the ambiguity > actually applies , and you can answer , """" oh , 92 """" , as eric hamp was once > reputed to do . reminded me of a similar problem i had back in the ' 70 's , before i realized i would be happier in linguistics , when i was pursuing graduate work in musicology ( for anyone unsure on the subject , i ' ll jump the gun and explain that , semantically if not morphologically , ' musicology ' is to ' music ' as ' linguistics ' is to ' language ' ) . often at social gatherings , when i would be asked ' what do you do ? ' and i would say ' i ' m a musicolo - gist ' , the next line would be , ' oh ? what instrument do you play ? ' since i was never a particularly good instrumentalist ( or more than a passable singer ) , this always struck me as a somewhat embarrassing question , but i would gamely swing into a brief explanation that musicology was a research , not a performance , activity . nowadays i often get the ' how many languages do you speak ? ' line , which is n't quite as embarrassing because i actually am fairly polyglot , and i admit that , with karl , i appreciate the opportunity to give the brief explanation . ( a couple of weeks ago i had to deal with a barber who very intelligently refused to jump to any conclusions at all and instead straight-out requested a definition of ' linguistics ' . ) best , steven dr . steven schaufele 712 west washington urbana , il 61801 217-344 - 8240 fcosws @ prairienet . org * * * * o syntagmata linguarum liberemini humanarum ! * * * * * * nihil vestris privari nisi obicibus potestis ! * * *
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 597,""Subject: a linguist by any other name . . .
  
  given the current vigorous linguist vs linguistician debate , another potential title in the arena might not be terribly welcome , but at least it could , for a while , divert attention away from the existing debate which seems to be languishing ( i . e . getting nowhere ) . a friend of mine who is a medic suggested the nominalized form ' linguistic ' ( ' i am a linguistic ' ) , based on the model of medic / cleric . i suppose ' medic ' and ' cleric ' can occur as nominal forms on account of the derivational gap left by ' medical ' and ' clerical ' . however , ' linguistical ' has been cited , so perhaps we could shift everything across one derivation , thus allowing the sentence ' we linguistics enjoy linguistical questions ' . i hesitate to suggest ' linguisticine ' as the name of our subject . a r linn department of languages and linguisticine , u of luton
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 598,""Subject: """" linguist / - ician """" : a new slant .
  
  i have been quite happy so far to sit back and let the discourse about the relative merits of the terms """" linguist """" and """" linguistician """" unfold unhampered by any intervention from me . i am , first and foremost , a lover of language ( s ) ; a person who studies language ( s ) , their history and their """" idiosyncrasies """" . i call myself a """" linguist """" . i might add that i do not myself fully understand the theories propounded by those who call themselves """" linguist [ ician ] s """" ( in the sense of someone engaged in """" linguistics """" , that is ) , nor do i really care what precisely they choose to call themselves ( or their area of study ) . do """" physicists """" and """" physicians """" have the same argument , i wonder ? ! i doubt it . quite coincidentally of this discourse , enid wai - ching mok ( < enid @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu > ) circulated recently a questionnaire for information on the terms """" linguist """" and """" linguistics """" in various languages . i happened upon an entry in her summary supposedly explaining the two russian terms """" jazykoved """" ( linguist ) and """" jazykoznanie """" ( linguistics ) . these were offered by a certain woody mott also of < uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu > : they were so infelicitous in their detail and ill construed in their interpretation that i was impelled to reply to this entry and ( as a """" linguist """" ) correct certain misconceptions . allow me to summarise : notwithstanding the argument whether these words are current or not in russian , i think an explanation of their etymology may be of some use to the general discourse on the merits of """" linguist """" vs . """" linguistician """" . the word """" jazykoved """" is composed of 2 roots : """" jazyk """" , meaning """" tongue """" or """" language """" and """" ved """" , meaning """" knowledgeable person """" ( cognates for """" ved """" ( < old russian """" vedeti """" ( e = the vowel ' jat ' ) ) """" knowing person """" , pace woody mott , are sanskrit """" ve : da """" , gothic """" wait """" , and english """" wit """" ) . the """" - o - """" is here merely a link vowl . a suitable english calque on the russian term , therefore , would be """" tongue-wit """" . this , in turn , reminded me of an article some years ago in which """" saxonist """" terms were advanced in favour of """" latinate """" heresies in the english - speaking world . thus , we have foreword for """" preface """" ( the argument here goes back to 1842 ) ; bodeful for """" ominous """" ; birdlore for """" ornithology """" , etc . , etc . i ' m sure we are bounded only by time and our imaginations as to other suggestions . mindful of the fact that there are probably many among you who are staunch adherents of the """" latinate """" tradition , and not wishing in any way to alienate or belittle that corpus of english vocabulary , i should , nevertherless , like to propose two alternatives to """" linguist """" and """" linguistics """" based on the """" saxonist """" principles above . tongue-wit ( noun ) """" a person versed / skilled in [ the study of ] language ( s ) """" tongue-lore ( noun ) """" the study of language ( s ) """" i leave it to the individual """" linguist [ ician ] """" to choose whether these terms are suited to their own area of study . i think that the """" saxonist """" terms do have the advantage at least of smacking of down - to-earth prurience and a lack of self-importance . a similar term """" tonguester """" , suggested earlier , is an admirable alternative . i for one am quite happy to call myself a """" tongue-wit """" engaged in """" tongue - lore """" - - others , i hope , will follow and leave the """" linguist [ ician ] s """" to sort themselves out . tony hall . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tony hall * * * department of russian language * * * university of birmingham * * * edgbaston tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 21 414 3227 * * * birmingham b15 2tt fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 21 414 5966 * * * united kingdom email : a . r . hall @ bham . ac . uk * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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 599,""Subject: re : 5 . 1196 corpus analysis of - body / - one
  
  it seems to me altogether possible , even likely , that there is the following interaction , namely , that the particular lexical form < everybody > has come to acquire , for many speakers certainly ( me , for instance , a quasi native speaker , and i share ellen prince 's intuition concerning her sentence # 1 ) a distinctly collective sense , whereas < every - one > maintains , again for these speakers at least , a distributive sense , at least as a living option . thus 1 ' . everybody came , bringing their respective wives . seems especially good , though , oddly enough maybe , this instantiates the special claim that , for this particular lexical - body item , the formal / informal register distinction has at least contextually ? ) collapsed . now , it seems plausible , but no more than that in the present state of knowledge ( or of ignorance ) that there is a more underlying interaction , namely , that there may be something more naturally colloquial about using a collective rather than a distributed plural when an option presents itself . actually , this follows from an algebraic , non - fregean view of quantification , which i have written on but cannot go into ion this message , save to indicate summarily that it is a capital mistakme to imagine that , for instance , the same semantical reopresentation ought to apply , even for logico-deductive applications , to say , < each / every > and < all > , respectively . thus , invoking a correspndence that i shall not unpack here , i . everybody brought their wives / * everybody brought his wife i ' . they all brought their ( respective ) wives / each man brought his wife . ii . * each man brought their wives / they each brought their ( respective ) wives . this surely suggests , does it not , that the interaction under review is distinctly asymmetrical ( or , i think , rather , non-symmetrical ) , for , the < each > form of quantification , by logical entailment of a fairly obvious kind ( from the distributed , that is , serial , meaning , to the collective / mass , can take a collective sense , whereas the reverse ( you cannot non-arbitrarily unpack a mass b ecause there is no algorithm in this direction correspnding to the seial addition inherent in the other direction ) is not available . all , then , ( and the other collective-sense quantifiers and the nominals that condense such quantifiers ( as in the body cases ) quantiify , i . e . , select as a choice function , over a power set , choosing the element equivalent to the improper 's ubset of the whole ' . each - type quantification is over the elements of a set , taking the index ' i ' ranging , algebraically , successively from 1 ( or , in some cases , 0 ) to n , the cardinality of the set in question . f . k . l . chit hlaing
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 600,""Subject: re : 5 . 1196 corpus analysis of - body / - one
  
  in my dissertation ( 1993 : a theoretical and descriptive study of epicene pronouns ) i analyzed a corpus of 24 us tv talkshows . i got 16 examples of nps with """" every """" coreferent with a pronoun . the distribution of the nominal element can be found below : 10 - body 3 - one 3 lexical nominal ( s ) the lexical nominals were """" member , """" """" grand jury and trial witness , """" and """" sales person in the store . """" in addition one of the cases with - body was """" everybody involved """" and another was """" everybody else . """" so far this seems to be along the lines discussed by ellen prince and jane edwards . where my data varies is that in every case the coreferent pronoun was they , as was incidently the case with each and no . as far as the analysis is concerned , my results , not just from quantifiers but from nps with other specifiers , indicated that there are various factors at work in the selection of the pronoun , as indeed edwards argues . the following seemed important : notional plurality : obviously the case with every , no , and each . in some cases a singular pronoun is impossible when there is plural semantics and formal singularity , as is well known from studies of quantifier scope . even however when it is structurally possible , the use of singular pronoun can be awkward as prince intuited , though i suspect more than just the nominal element of the compound is involved . in any case , in two out of the three everyone cases was clearly outside the scope , so the plural pronoun was inevitable . in the third case it was in a parenthetical ( from donahue ) and i ' m not sure of the fine points regarding the formal semantics : """" since i do n't know how everyone develops , what their sexual attraction is , you could easily have been into infantilism , or purple handkerchiefs , or same sex experiences """" gender stereotypes : this issue did n't arise with every cases , since all were with they , but in others i found that stereotypically male generic referents ( e . g participant in congressional sex scandals , and lumberjacks ) more frequently received the pronoun he with other types of antecedents . individuation : this is a rather fuzzy , but i think inevitable , semantic category that refers to the degree with which interlocutors are using a referent as an individual versus how that referent is being used as a generic . the fuzziness is necessary because logical real existence does not map into our everyday reference . a personification ( discussed with regards to pronouns by mcconnell - ginet ) is a generic referent treated as if it were an individual . the opposite case , a real person or thing treated as a generic also exists and is discussed with regard to definiteness by talmy givon . i found a couple of cases like this . from a geraldo , the reference is to princess grace : """" how do you fall in love with somebody at a photo opportunity , not see them for eight months and the next time you see them you ' re engaged . """" from a different geraldo : """" i heard , - saw someone run by and they were screaming . """" individuation is clearly the same thing that jane edwards noticed in her point about how singular pronouns are associated with specific people . and similar point was also made by pinker in the language instinct in the chapter on prescription . i found the best analysis of the whole issue can be made by adopting the agreement theory developed by michael barlow in his ' 88 dissertation a situated theory of agreement published last year in the outstanding dissertations series . anybody else have any data ? michael newman dept . of educational theory & practice the ohio state university mnewman @ magnus . acs . ohio-state . edu
 "",0
 601,""Subject: more data on - body / - one
  
  i can't refuse jane anything . here is some more data , just in from the british national corpus . ( well , actually only from a very small 1 % sample of it ) corpus size : 625 , 000 written and 182 , 000 spoken words ( as defined by claws ) proportional raw frequencies for some common - one / - body words : written spoken total anyone : anybody 57 : 31 17 : 32 74 : 63 someone : somebody 72 : 38 36 : 64 108 : 101 no-one : nobody 18 : 57 2 : 18 20 : 75 everyone : everybody 81 : 43 12 : 23 93 : 66 what i find interesting here is the * absence * of any strong evidence for preferences for - one or - body form ( excepting the pathological case of """" no-one """" ) when you look at the whole corpus , rather than separating out the spoken and written component parts . i ' m optimistically interpreting that as evidence that in the corpus as a whole we ' ve got a good spread of textual variety . i ' ll repeat the analysis on the whole bnc when we ' ve finished building its index . . . lou burnard p . s . i looked for """" no one """" too - - it appears only once , in a sentence beginning """" no one person would . . . """"
 "",0
 602,""Subject: summary : doctoral programs in applied linguistics
  
  several weeks ago i posted a query about doctoral programs in applied linguistics . i received 9 responses . thanks to all the respondents . the responses are organized below . note that there were no responses from georgetown or ucla , though they were mentioned in one response . michael toolan < toolan @ u . washington . edu > we do n't have an entirely separate program in applied linguistics , but we do , within our english dept . , provide a concentration of courses in language and discourse studies , leading to the ph . d . we ' re particularly equipped to supervise dissertations in a ) rhetorical and composition theory and b ) discourse analysis . among students taking up these options are ones who have completed our ma in tesol . michael toolan ( dept of english , u of washington , seattle ) robert port < port @ cs . indiana . edu > depends on what she means by applied linguistics . indiana university has a program in this area . it is focussed especially on teaching english as a second language but also offers training in topics like lexicography , creoles , sociolinguistics , etc . if she wants a phd , it would be in linguistics . request information from : department of linguistics , 323 memorial hall indiana university bloomington , in 47405 812-855 - 6459 lingdept @ indiana . edu stanley dubinsky < dubinsk @ univscvm . csd . scarolina . edu > greetings . your friend might want to consider applying to the linguistics program here at the university of south carolina . the linguistics programhere is an interdepartmental program , involving 13 core faculty from seven depts ( including english , french , spanish , anthro , phil , psych , and speech path ) . we have about 60 graduate students , most of whom are specializing in sla theory / esl . other popular specializations here include general sociolinguistics , discourse / conversation analysis , code-switching , and dialect studies . there are three things that might make this program attractive to your friend ( besides the winter weather - - or lack thereof ) : ( i ) the involvement of faculty from diverse departments creates a wealth of potential avenues of research for our students , ( ii ) despite its interdisciplinary nature , the program requirements have a strong emphasis on core areas of theoretical linguistics , and ( iii ) we have just hired a new sla theoretician into the program . if you or she / he has any questions , i would be pleased to answer them . best , stan dubinsky * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * stanley dubinsky e - mail : dubinsk @ univscvm . csd . scarolina . edu * * linguistics program phone : 803-777 - 2056 * * u of south carolina fax : 803-777 - 9064 * * columbia , sc 29208 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * one anonymous respondent suggested that uc berkeley has or used to have a flexible system whereby a student could create their own program . this person also suggested penn state for educational linguistics and the university of hawai ' i at mano ' a . """" sarah g . thomason """" < sally @ isp . pitt . edu > pitt has a specialty in applied linguistics within the ph . d . program in linguistics - - but students with little interest in linguistics per se are better off in an applied linguistics ph . d . program , of which there are quite a few : ucla and hawaii may be the most prominent . carnegie mellon university just announced a new one ; their faculty is small but good , but financial aid is likely ( i gather ) only for people with native-like fluency in french , german , spanish , or japanese . i think usc ( = southern calif . ) has a ph . d . program in applied ling . , but i may be wrong - - maybe it 's like ours , linguistics with a specialization track in app . ling . likewise the u . of delaware . - - sally alan juffs < juffs @ isp . pitt . edu > the university of pittsburgh offers a phd in applied linguistics . i believe it is a very strong program , since it gives students a thorough training in linguistics , as well as the opportunity to actually work in applied areas . students are currently funded through the english language institute as well as various research projects which do not relate to language teaching . the applied program is particularly strong in the field of second language acquisition , both ug oriented and cognitive approaches . in addition , we also offer courses in language planning , sociolinguistics , and languages in contact . please do n't hesitate to write for further information . alan juffs admissions officer | alan juffs | tel : ( 412 ) 624 3750 | | dept . of linguistics | fax : ( 412 ) 624 6130 | | 2831 cl | e-mail : juffs @ isp . pitt . edu | | university of pittsburgh | _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | | pittsburgh , pa 15260 | | | usa | | marina mcintire < mmcintir @ lynx . dac . neu . edu > the program at bu in applied linguistics is a pretty good one . for one thing , there 's the asl connection which is a strong one . it 's pretty far on the theoretical side , but still . . . . . ricky jacobs hi , susie [ sic ] , a voice from the past . the program here that is the direct counterpart of the applied program at ucla is called , for political reasons , the ph . d . in sla , though it covers much more . it 's housed in esl here and now has quite a few people recognized as """" stars """" . for details , check with : professor charlene sato , chair ph . d . program in sla department of english as a second language university of hawai ' i at manoa 1890 east - west road honolulu , hi 96822 ali aghbar < aaghbar @ grove . iup . edu > we have a ph . d . program in rhetoric and linguistics . students can choose concentrations in composition or tesol . they can enroll year round or summers only . for more information , contact : director graduate programs in rhetoric and linguistics department of english indiana university of pa indiana , pa 15705 susan fischer | internet : sdfncr @ rit . edu national technical institute for the deaf | phone : ( 716 ) 475-6558 rochester institute of technology | fax : ( 716 ) 475-6500 52 lomb memorial drive | basic food groups : popcorn , rochester , ny 14623-0887 | tofu , bok choy , & chocolate
 "",0
 603,""Subject: """" politically correct """" : summary
  
  on wed , 21 sep 1994 , i posted the following query : > in vol . 5 . 1022 rex a . sprouse wrote > > in terms of the politics of the discussion [ of the term > """" informant """" ] , i think that in the united states we have seen a > kind of orwellian development with the use of the term > """" politically correct """" as a pejorative term . > > based on dim personal recollections , my sense of the latter term > is that """" politically correct """" first surfaced in english in maoist > literature . there it was used with a straight face , since > correctness was viewed as being , like everything else , subject to > constant definition and redefinition by the party . i recall > feeling that this world-view implicit in the phrase was so > contradictory to democratic ideals that only a person who accepted > political authority over truth could possibly use it without > ironic intent . > > does anyone have any more concrete data on the history of this > politically loaded expression ? > i received replies from eight people ; i reproduce them below . i apologize for the long delay in publishing these . mark a . mandel dragon systems , inc . : speech recognition : + 1 617 965-5200 320 nevada st . : newton , mass . 02160 , usa : mark @ dragonsys . com p . s . : this document was dictated with dragondictate v2 . 0 . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = i first heard """" pc """" ( in the relevant sense ) in one of two ( possibly three places ) : hartford courant , new york times , chicago sun - times . there was a story relating to an incident where a job applicant was being interviewed for a job . he was denied . there was some question as to why - - this is before affirmative action helped explain such matters . he demanded to see all relevant materials . he inquired into the significance of the comment written at the bottom corner of his application """" not pc . """" he was a conservative . it """" came out """" that it meant not politically correct . whether there was legal action , i do n't know . these are the best of my recollections of the story i read years ago . as for myself , i do n't know whether it is pc to deny that pc is pc , or to invert the current meaning , or to deny it makes any sense . until it is cleared up . i will not broach the matter with my superiors . i do n't have to , it is a free country : / steven = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the term seems to have entered common use in anglophone canada first of all as social democrat teasing of the maoists and the stalinists for their pomposity . """" correct analysis """" could be used in the same way , as in , """" you have the correct analysis , comrade , """" for """" i agree with you . """" this could be said only to other socialists , of course ; the totalitarian left never got the joke . """" politically correct """" was - and in safe company still is - used by the democratic left in self-mockery , as in : """" we have politically correct fruit salad tonight , _ no _ california grapes . """" the term seems to have become pejorative as it has been taken over by people who are incapable of seeing the comic side of their own ideals . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = but notice that today the american right uses the term as a pejorative term for virtually any notion with any kind of ethical motivation . in so doing , the right derides not maoism , but the ideology of classical liberal democracy society , where redefinition does not occur by the party running a one-party state , but by free and open exchange of ideas , and where ethical concerns ( as well as pragmatic concerns ) are relevant . rex sprouse [ whose comment prompted my original question - - mam ] = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = i imagine the list is going to be inundated with opinions about political correctness for a while now . it should be interesting to see how the linguistics community feels about this issue . i ' m young enough that i was completely unaware of the connection of the term with maoism . i can tell you , however , that it is currently being used on college campuses by certain groups with no ironic intention . nowadays , what is politically correct is anything , particularly language , that is not sexist , racist , heterosexist , lookist , ageist , ableist , etc . the groups fighting these - isms tend to use the term quite straightforwardly to refer to what they believe is the only accepted way to be . it seems to me that the current situation mr . sprouse mentioned has resulted from the near-fascist enforcement tactics of these special interest groups and the mangling of language that pc results in , rather than any historic reasons . benjamin moore japan electronic dictionary research institute ltd . kawasaki , japan ben @ edr5r . edr . co . jp = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = a few years ago when reading krushchev 's secret speech in which he denounced stalin for the first time ( at the 1956 communist party congress ) , i noticed the use of a term in russian that could be translated as """" politically correct . """" while denouncing stalin , krushchev maintained a belief in the """" politically correct """" - - which stalin obviously was n't . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = re : mark mandel 's inquiry about the origins of """" politically correct """" : ric dolphin 's not politically correct ( 1992 ) confirms mark 's belief that the term originated in the thoughts of mao tse tung . dolphin states that its first use in the u . s . was by angela davis in 1971 when she argued that there could be no """" opposing argument to an issue which has only one correct side . """" then in 1975 , the then-president of the national organization of women said that organization was moving in """" the intellectually and politically correct direction . """" the 1971 quotation seems to confirm mark 's view that only those who accept political authority over the quest for truth could use the term with no ironic intent . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = i first heard """" pc / politically correct """" in the early 80s used wryly and humorously about themselves by people trying to live lives of some modicum of independence from agribusiness and the consumption of fossil fuel . i was really sorry to see it turned from gentle humor to the grim tool it has become in the hands of demagogues . f . karttunen v = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = dear mark , i do n't know where the term """" politically correct """" first entered english , but the etymology you give would certainly be consistent with my experience . back in the early ' 80s i knew """" politically correct """" as a term that leftists might use to poke fun at those whose ( putatively leftist ) politics seemed too doctrinaire . later , various writers , commentators , and politicians hostile to the left seized on the term as if it had been used seriously - - in other words , as if there had been leftists ( in the us ) who applied the term to themselves without irony . now , what had been something of an inside leftwing joke has been turned into a weapon brandished against the left . for example , in 1982 , say , a leftist might have blown off steam about some dogmatic person or organization by characterizing her or it as """" politically correct . """" but now i hear the term used by non-leftists , often to evoke an image of rigid leftist / multi-culturalist / academic types taking over our institutions and seeking to control our minds - - as if such a move were afoot , and as if the left had that much power . at this point , if """" politically correct """" ever regains an ironic connotation , perhaps it will be as a word that makes fun of the political right . for example , sometimes i hear people call each other """" commie """" or """" pinko """" in a manner whose real intent is to make fun of the prejudices of anti-communists . i could imagine that """" politically correct """" might one day be used similarly . sincerely , seth
 "",0
 604,""Subject: summary : taps / flaps
  
  taps / flaps : summary : not long ago i asked about dialectal variation in english taps ( sometimes called flaps ) for < t > . many thanks to the thirty or so respondents , who i will name only where i cite them . * environments * there was general agreement that the trager description was not ( or , possibly , was no longer ) accurate , although one respondent suggested that his description might fit southern us accents better than northern ones . flapping / tapping of a word-final < t > before a stressed syllable is possible for most of those who responded . some varieties are reported to be leniting the flap further , possibly to zero . various speakers , however , had noted flaps / taps in other people 's dialects which sounded odd to them , eg in words like _ button _ and _ eighteen _ . both of these seem to be ok here ( at least on iambic-reversal 18 ) . the most thorough suggestion came from ian mackay : > an intervocalic t or d is flapped as long as the following syllable ( ie , > the syllable containing the second of the two vowels that the t or d is > """" inter """" ) does not carry primary stress , and that the second vowel does > not carry significantly more stress than the first vowel , and with > the proviso that word boundaries may block the phenomenon ( but do n't > ask me to specify the nature of those word boundaries ! ! ! ) . one ( british ) respondent said that in their dialect , tapping / flapping seemed to be lexically determined , not determined by phonetic environment , so that a flap / tap was possible in _ witty _ but not _ pretty _ , in _ british _ but not in _ skittish _ . and don churma brought in the spectre of morphological conditioning , which might also account for the examples above : > in fact , there are still further details that most folks > seem to be unaware of , like the relevance of """" level 2 """" morpheme > boundaries ( cf . my flapped / t / before the secondarily stressed / i / in > ( deadjectival ) """" elitism """" vs . aspirated / t / in ( denominal ) """" magnetism """" ) . at least all these different aspects of the problem make it clear why it is so hard to describe properly . * syllable - final , syllable-initial or ambisyllabic ? * alice turk reports that her experiments suggest that an ambisyllabic analysis is the most explanatory . this is also reported as the solution used by kahn . other respondents argued for syllable-initial ( on the grounds that for them syllable-final was always glottalised ) or syllable-final ( on the grounds that voiceless taps / flaps also occurred , but only in clear syllable-final position or that clearly syllable-initial / t / s were always aspirated ) . as john harris remarked : > as to the coda-vs - onset issue , i ' m sure you 'd agree , the competition is not > going to be resolved by simply inspecting the data ( or even listening to it ) , > since codas and onsets are not present in them . it 's a matter of comparing > the two theories . i could n't agree more , especially since i am aware of conflicting definitions of ambisyllabicity in the literature on dependency phonology . * references : * harris , john 1990 phonology 7 , harris john & kaye 1990 the linguistic review harris , john 1994 english sound structure ( blackwell ) chapter 4 jensen , john english phonology , kahn , daniel , 1976 syllable - based generalizations in english . dissertation . olive , j . p . , a . greenwoord , & j . coleman . 1993 . acoustics of american english speech . springer - verlag picard , marc ( 1984 ) """" english aspiration and flapping revisited """" . canadian journal of linguistics 29 : 42-57 . turk , a . ( 1993 ) effects of position - in - syllable and stress on consonant articulation . cornell ph . d . dissertation zue , v . & m . laferriere . 1979 . acoustic study of medial / t , d / in american english . j . acoust . soc . am . 66 : 1039-1050 . laurie . bauer @ vuw . ac . nz department of linguistics , victoria university , po box 600 , wellington , new zealand ph : + 64 4 472 1000 x 8800 fax : + 64 4 471 2070
 "",0
 605,""Subject: summary : basic order ( and remarks on typology )
  
  last week i asked for references to discussions of a problem that comes up in linguistic typology : when there are conflicting or ambiguous criteria for deciding whether a particular language is a particular ' type ' with respect to some feature ( word order , clause alignment , or whatever ) , how does one decide how to assign that language ? i would like to thank the following for their helpful replies : george huttar , yehuda falk , dan everett , larry trask , jon aske , mike maxwell , mark newson , bill croft , georgia green , ingo plag , randy harris , and andrew carstairs - mccarthy . i was quite surprised at the small amount of published attention that there is to this problem . i was pointed to short discussions ( no more than a couple pages ) in some of the major works devoted to typology : the seminal greenberg paper , comrie 's ' language universals and linguistic typology ' , croft 's ' typology and universals ' , and hawkins ' ' word order universals ' . it was also suggested that i look at doris payne 's ' the pragmatics of word order ' and to papers on yagua by payne and dan everett and on tzotzil by judith aissen . what prompted my query was a reading of johanna nichols ' linguistic diversity in space and time , which i found extremely impressive . but all through it i had an uneasy feeling caused by her pigeon-holeing languages as ' svo ' , ' head-marking ' , ' active-stative ' , or whatever . since so many languages are * not * transparently one particular ' type ' on the surface , i wondered what the basis for these type-characterizations was . there is no general answer given to this question for an obvious reason : neither nichols or anyone else could have profound first-hand knowledge of more than a small handful of the 174 languages in the data base . i suspect that in most cases nichols could not know what criteria were applied to type a language in the sources she consulted , because many sources are insufficiently explicit on that point or take as self-evident some categorization that another would take as controversial or simply wrong . ( consider , for example , her typing french as vso . ) there were , to be sure , cases where nichols threw out some language from the sample of some particular feature because of its obvious ambiguous status with respect to that feature . but doing so could have created more problems than it solved . as both aske and croft pointed out in their postings to me , if a language is ' inconsistent ' with respect to a particular feature , that too is typological data ; data moreover that could be highly relevant to conclusions about stability and diversity over time . in a sample of 174 languages , misassignment of several languages within a category with a 3 - way division could lead to rather different conclusions . likewise , so would postulating a different set of categories or having categories specifically for ' mixed ' types . this is beginning to sound like a critique of nichols , but i do n't mean it to be . rather , it is more a commentary on the shaky art of typological pigeon-holeing that underlies not just conclusions about language prehistory , but also much functionalist theorizing and - - increasingly - - generative theorizing as well . there is also the question of sample * size * . typologists strive , quite reasonably , to correct for genetic and areal biases in their samples ( the most heroic effort along these lines that i know of is dryer 's work ) . but how confident can we be of any attempt to eliminate bias from the sample , given nichols ' conclusions that influences can extend half-way around the globe ? and does n't that present a challenge to purported explanations of the relative frequency of some typological feature , which are common in the functionalist literature and increasingly so in the generative ? so much could be the result of historical accident on the one hand and contact and descent on the other , rather than the product of ' external ' functional forces or the design of ug . the smaller the sample of languages where mutual influence or common descent is not a possibility , the more likely that some implicational typological relation is artifactual . and the more reason we have to think that there are a lot of typologically possible but - - purely by chance - - nonexisting languages . fritz newmeyer fjn @ u . washington . edu ps : with respect to the last point , alan bell has shown that if some feature appears in 1 % of the world 's languages ( say , 40-50 languages ) , it will show up only about 50 % of the time in a random sample of 75 languages . you 'd need a sample of over 200 languages before it could be counted on to show up 90 % of the time . and we are assuming here , utterly counterfactually , that there are no genetic relations or areal influences between languages .
 "",0
 606,""Subject: eskimo snow
  
  david prager branner asks : > there is talk again on the linguist list about the """" great eskimo snow > hoax """" . i may be imagining things , but the people who talk about this > never seem to be specialists in eskimo languages . i would like to hear > from an inuit or tlingit specialist on just what the snow situation > really is in these languages . . . . geoffrey k . pullum , in _ the great eskimo vocabulary hoax _ ( chicago , 1991 ) , pp . 168-171 , reports the results of his consultation with anthony woodbury , a bona fide expert on yupik eskimo , and provides the following statement for use at cocktail parties : """" let it be known that professor anthony woodbury ( department of linguistics , university of texas , austin , texas 78712 ) is prepared to endorse the claim that the central alaskan yupik eskimo language has about a dozen words ( even a couple of dozen if you are fairly liberal about what you count ) for referring to snow and to related natural phenomena , events , or behavior . """" this is , he adds , """" not remarkably different in size from the list in english . """" - - victor golla the society for the study of the indigenous languages of the americas gollav @ axe . humboldt . edu
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 607,""Subject: re : eskimo """" snow """"
  
  in response to david branner , the point about eskimo snow words was not that there are supposed to be ways of describing various kinds of snow if one wants to but that there is supposedly ( acc . to the myth-makers ) a large number of distinct words with no cover terms corresponding to our 's now ' . so the example of english having lots of words for kinds of boats is not apposite because we also have cover terms like ' boat ' and 's hip ' . likewise , mongolian and horses , and so on . in this sense , west greenlandic anyway has two words , one meaning ' falling snow ' , the other ' fallen snow ' , which is exactly the same as the situation in classical greek ! ! ! ! !
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 608,""Subject: ' snow ' lexemes in yup ' ik
  
  in linguist vol-5 - 1231 , david prager branner writes : > there is talk again on the linguist list about the """" great eskimo snow > hoax """" . > > . . . i would like to hear from an inuit > or tlingit specialist on just what the snow situation really is in these > languages . frankly , i find it rather hard to believe . > > rural southern chinese dialects have lots of words for different kinds of > rice , . . . > . . . > so why should n't inuit > have a dozen or more words for different kinds of cold precipitation ? when geoff pullum 's book , ' the great eskimo vocabulary hoax , ' came out , i started getting quite a number of inquiries from journalists about """" words for 's now ' in eskimo . """" that motivated me to prepare the appended item . please feel free to pass it around . tony woodbury * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * counting eskimo words for snow : a citizen 's guide lexemes referring to snow and snow-related notions in steven a . jacobson 's ( 1984 ) yup ' ik eskimo dictionary [ 1 ] anthony c . woodbury university of texas at austin july 1991 this is a list of lexemes referring to snow and related notions in one eskimo language , central alaskan yupik ( or just yup ' ik eskimo ) . it is spoken by about 13 , 000 people in the coast and river areas of southwestern alaska from norton sound to bristol bay . it is one of five eskimo languages . ( of these five , probably the best-known is inuit , spoken in a series of well-differentiated dialects ranging from northern alaska , all across the canadian far north , and up to the coast of greenland . while the term inuit is preferred to eskimo by many in canada , the term is retained here because ( a ) it properly refers to any eskimo group , not only the inuit ; and ( b ) its use is widespread in native communities in alaska . ) this is a list of lexemes rather than of words . roughly , a lexeme can be thought of as an independent vocabulary item or dictionary entry . it 's different from a word since a lexeme can give rise to more than one distinctly inflected word . thus english has a single lexeme _ speak _ which gives rise to inflected forms like _ speaks _ , _ spoke _ , and _ spoken _ . it 's especially important to count lexemes rather than words when talking about eskimo languages . that 's because they are inflectionally so complicated that each single noun lexeme may have about 280 distinct inflected forms , while each verb lexeme may have over 1000 ! obviously , that would put the number of snow words through the roof very quickly . the list is organized according to lexeme * meanings * . perhaps somewhat arbitrarily i have counted fifteen of them , placing within each of them noun and / or verb lexemes having the same basic sense . and perhaps even more arbitrarily , i ' ve grouped these fifteen meanings into four larger sets . but the most arbitrary decision of all is left to the discretion of the reader-the decision of how to count the lexemes themselves . here are some of the problems you face : ( a ) are all fifteen lexeme meanings really 's now ' - meanings ? that is , do words with these meanings really count for you as words for snow ? [ 2 ] ( b ) there are some synonyms present - - alternative lexemes with the same meaning , like garbage vs . trash in english . are you going to count them separately , or together ? ( c ) if you decided to count synonyms together , will you also count together both of the members of noun-verb pairs having basically the same meaning ? ( the members are , technically speaking , separate lexemes since partly idiosyncratic morphological changes mark the verbal forms , and must therefore be listed separately in any truly informative dictionary , as indeed jacobson 's dictionary does . ) ( d ) following jacobson , i ' ve specially labelled those lexemes that only occur in a small subpart of the central alaskan yupik - speaking region . are you going to try to make counts for each separate dialect ? if yes , you will wonder if you really have enough information to do so . ( you ' re not alone in this-such information is difficult to compile , whether or not you are a linguist , and also whether or not you are a native speaker of a language . ) [ 3 ] a . snow particles ( 1 ) snowflake qanuk 's nowflake ' qanir - ' to snow ' qanunge - ' to snow ' [ nun ] qanugglir - ' to snow ' [ nun ] ( 2 ) frost kaneq ' frost ' kaner - ' be frosty / frost sth . ' ( 3 ) fine snow / rain particles kanevvluk ' fine snow / rain particles kanevcir - to get fine snow / rain particles ( 4 ) drifting particles natquik 'd rifting snow / etc ' natqu ( v ) igte - ' for snow / etc . to drift along ground ' ( 5 ) clinging particles nevluk ' clinging debris / nevlugte - ' have clinging debris / . . . ' lint / snow / dirt . . . ' b . fallen snow ( 6 ) fallen snow on the ground aniu [ ns ] 's now on ground ' aniu - [ ns ] ' get snow on ground ' apun [ ns ] 's now on ground ' qanikcaq 's now on ground ' qanikcir - ' get snow on ground ' ( 7 ) soft , deep fallen snow on the ground muruaneq 's oft deep snow ' ( 8 ) crust on fallen snow qetrar - [ nsu ] ' for snow to crust ' qerretrar - [ nsu ] ' for snow to crust ' ( 9 ) fresh fallen snow on the ground nutaryuk ' fresh snow ' [ hbc ] ( 10 ) fallen snow floating on water qanisqineq 's now floating on water ' c . snow formations ( 11 ) snow bank qengaruk 's now bank ' [ y , hbc ] ( 12 ) snow block utvak 's now carved in block ' ( 13 ) snow cornice navcaq [ nsu ] 's now cornice , snow ( formation ) about to collapse ' navcite - ' get caught in an avalanche ' d . meterological events ( 14 ) blizzard , snowstorm pirta ' blizzard , snowstorm ' pircir - ' to blizzard ' pirtuk ' blizzard , snowstorm ' ( 15 ) severe blizzard cellallir - , cellarrlir - ' to snow heavily ' pir ( e ) t ( e ) pag - ' to blizzard severely ' pirrelvag - ' to blizzard severely ' appendix : an unordered list of english snow lexemes avalanche blizzard blowing snow dusting flurry frost hail hardpack ice lens igloo ( inuit iglu ' house ' ) pingo ( inuit pingu ( q ) ' ice lens ' ) powder sleet slushsnow snow bank snow cornice snow fort snow house snow man snow-mixed - with-rain ? snowflake snowstorm others ? footnotes 1 . published by alaska native language center , university of alaska , fairbanks . 2 . the indeterminacy and difficulty of this question is due to the fact that words do n't merely match pre-existing things in the world . rather , they shape and encapsulate ideas about things - - how they are categorized ( compare dog vs . canine ) , how we are interacting with them ( compare sheep vs . mutton ) , how the word functions grammatically ( compare the noun cow vs . the adjective bovine ) , and how we wish to represent our attitudes about them ( compare critter vs . varmint ) . it was in connection with this point that discussion of eskimo words for snow first arose ( in the writings of two major 20th century anthropological linguists , franz boas and benjamin lee whorf ) . unfortunately , their point has been pretty much missed by those who insist on counting . 3 . here are the dialect area abbreviations used : ns norton sound dialect nsu norton sound , unaliq subdialect hbc hooper bay - chevak y yukon river area subdialect of general central alaskan yupik dialect nun nunivak
 "",0
 609,""Subject: internet - accessible linguistic data-sources
  
  subscribers have asked us to compile a list of linguistic resources which are available on the internet and on world wide web , and to make that list generally available through the linguist file and web servers . we ' ve also been asked to compile a list of linguistic departments and programs which have either web servers , or information accessible through gopher or ftp . we ' re happy to do this - - we think it would be very useful resource for subscribers - - but we need you to help us , by providing the information that file will contain . these resources can be of any nature : they can be ftp ' able files containing linguistic data , places where gopher servers having access to linguistic files exist , or documents available through web servers . we ' ve appended the list of linguistic resources we have so far . we know this is incomplete . can you help us find what 's missing - - and keep us informed of anything new that appears as time passes ? regards anthony & helen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * programs and departments * * * * * brown university , rhode island url : http : / / www . cog . brown . edu / carnegie mellon university , languages and linguistics . url : http : / / english-server . hss . cmu . edu / langs . html georgetown university , department of linguistics . url : http : / / www . georgetown . edu / cball / gu _ lx . html goteborg university ( computational linguistics ) url : http : / / www . cling . gu . se / lajos kossuth university , center for applied linguistics url : http : / / multi . arts . klte . hu / lancaster university , department of linguistics and modern english language . url : http : / / eisv01 . lancs . ac . uk / ohio state university , columbus , ohio . department of linguistics . url : http : / / ling . ohio-state . edu university of arizona , department of linguistics . url : http : / / www . arizona . edu / academic / linguistics . html university college , london . department of phonetics and linguistics . url : http : / / www . phon . ucl . ac . uk / university of london , birkbeck college . department of applied linguistics . url : http : / / www . bbk . ac . uk / departments / appliedlinguistics / home . html university of pennsylvania , linguistics department . url : gopher : / / ling . upenn . edu / 1 """" > university of rochester , new york url : http : / / www . ling . rochester . edu / university of sussex , school of cognitive and computing sciences url : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / * * * * * * * general sources of linguistic information * * * * * * * * ethnologue : the sil searchable catalog of the world 's languages . url : gopher : / / sil . org : 70 / 11gopher _ root % 3a % 5bethnologue % 5d the aboriginal studies electronic data archive ( aseda ) url : http : / / coombs . anu . edu . au / specialproj / aseda / aseda . html the university of edinburgh url : ftp : / / ling . ed . ac . uk """" > university of edinburgh international computer archive of modern english ( icame ) , at the university of bergen . url : ftp : / / nora . hd . uib . no / pub the goteborg databank of swedish texts . url : http : / / logos . svenska . gu . se the linguistic software archive at the university of michigan . url : ftp : / / linguistics . archive . umich . edu the linguistic data consortium at the university of pennsylvania . url : ftp : / / linc . cis . upenn . edu / pub / ldc """" > the university of virginia electronic text center url : http : / / www . lib . virginia . edu / etext / etc . html summer institute of linguistics ( sil ) url : http : / / www . sil . org / * * * * * * * * * * general indices * * * * * * * * * http : / / www . cog . brown . edu / pointers / linguistics . html """" > linguistics http : / / www . bbk . ac . uk / departments / appliedlinguistics / virtuallibrary . html
 "",0
 610,""Subject: grammatical relations
  
  for some time , i have been puzzled by a claim that i come across frequently in the formal grammatical literature , namely that since grammatical relations are derived , therefore they cannot be referred to by the grammar . please note that my puzzlement is not concerned with whether grammatical relations are primitive or derived , nor with whether or not the grammar can refer to grammatical relations , but rather with the alleged causal relation between answers to these two questions . more specifically , my puzzlement is not concerned with why some people believe both that grammatical relations are derived and that grammatical relations cannot be referred to by the grammar , but rather with why they think the second belief follows necessarily from the first . to take what seems to be a parallel instance , valid at least for many versions of formal grammar : control ( c-control , etc . ) is a derived concept , but can be referred to by the grammar - - so the causal link between derived status and inaccessibility to the grammar seems to be denied in other areas . i would be grateful for any enlightenment on this issue . sender : bernard comrie department of linguistics gfs-301 university of southern california los angeles , ca 90089-1693 , usa . tel . + 1 213 740 2986 . fax + 1 213 740 9306 . e - mail comrie @ bcf . usc . edu
 "",0
 611,""Subject: celtic studies
  
  dear list , i am compiling a list of celtic studies programs / classes and departments of celtic around the world . i have already had a great many contributions . many thanks to all who helped ! ! however , for many universities i am still lacking some parts of the information i need . below , there is a list of these universities , followed by a list of those universities already featured with all necessary information . i ` m looking for the following informations : university : address : department : degrees : teachers : courses : notes : please reply to : mwo @ asl1 . ikp . uni-bonn . de or uzs07b @ ibm . rhrz . uni-bonn . de thank you for your cooperation ! maria wolters - - - - - i need more info on : i . europe humboldt - universitaet berlin university of osnabrueck university of wales at aberyswyth , lampeter university of aberdeen university of glasgow university of london ( courses ) university of liverpool ( courses ) trinity college , dublin university college galway university of leiden universit ' e de bretagne occidentale ( teachers , courses , degrees ) universit ' e de rennes 2 ( teachers , courses , degrees ) ii . america amherst american university boston college catholic university of america university of cincinnati university of guelph harvard university memorial university , newfoundland university of ottawa university of pennsylvania st . mary 's university , halifax temple university university of toronto queens college iii . australia university of sydney i already have complete info on : i . europe : rheinische friedrich - wilhelms - universitaet bonn university of freiburg university of innsbruck university of marburg university of edinburgh university of manchester university of utrecht university of lublin university of zagreb university of jerusalem ii . america ball state university berkeley university of washington , seattle
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 612,""Subject: survey of narrative for persons with aphasia - - addendum
  
  colleagues : this an addendum to a previous message from a friend of mine ( maureen stemmelen ) that asked subscribers to complete a survey . this clarification is in response to some queries some people had regarding the survey . the purpose of the survey was to gather data from normal people in order to design better narrative elicitation tasks for subjects with aphasia . these tasks will be used with american residents only , which explains the cultural bias in the survey . thank you for your participation . the survey is attached to refresh your memory as to what we are talking about ! kirrie ballard & maureen stemmelen ( maurstem @ merle . acns . nwu . edu ) survey the results from this survey will be utilized in a research project designed to examine the language of aphasic speakers . results of this survey will remain confidential . please do not write your name on this form . identifying information today 's date : your birth date : highest level of education : present or most recent job : male female ( asterisk one ) country of residence : part i in the spaces below , please list five 's tories ' from which you could recall the general plot , some of the major characters , possibly some details important to the storyline , and provide a short narration of if given some reminders of the story ( such as pictures ) . these 's tories ' could be such things as children 's books , fables or fairy tales , adult books , movies , plays , etc . please fill in all of the blanks . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . part ii please asterisk those items that you would be able to talk about in sufficient detail for approximately ten minutes . asterisk all that apply . world war ii watergate your closest friend learning to drive the bombing of japan the challenger disaster vietnam apollo 11 graduating from high school the fall of communism in eastern europe your first job the gulf war kennedy 's assassination your earliest memories of school woodstock the depression the assassination of dr . martin luther king the current u . s . president your present or most recent job your first date d - day the civil rights movement the cold war your most memorable vacation thank you for your participation .
 "",0
 613,""Subject: query : voicing assimilation
  
  i know of two languages where voiced fricatives devoice after a voiceless obstruents , even though voiced stops cause the preceding voiceless obstruent to voice instead ( dutch and within certain domains , polish ) . i am wondering if there are other examples .
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 614,""Subject: q : fundamental frequency software
  
  dear colleagues , i would be grateful if you could provide me any information about software that analyses human speech and show the fundamental frequency of it . in particular , i am looking for software that would analyse recorded speech ( recorded in real conditions and not in laboratory ones ) and show the fundamental frequency of an utterance , with the ability to describe the exact pitch of each vowel - or voiced consonant - , as well as its loudness . i believe that a parallel representation of the waveform would help a lot , in order in order for me to determine the exact pitch of a vowel and its relative loudness . i was working with soundwaves software , but i will not have access to that software any more . moreover , since i have seen much more sophisticated representations of f0 in last recent journals and periodicals , i am looking for something faster and more detailed than soundwaves . i would like to know the types of software that exist either for ibm compatible pcs , or for mac , or even for unix . please tell me also the kind of hardware that is necessary for each software , and where i could find or buy this gear . i would really appreciate any information that you would sent me , and i promise to summarise it and distribute it through the linguist list . thank you in advance dimitris papazachariou . department of language and linguistics university of essex wivenhoe park colchester co4-3sq england e-mail address : papaz @ essex . ac . uk
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 615,""Subject: software for propositional analysis
  
  hi ! i need to find a software to do propositional analysis to analyze large students ' writing for my study . as far as i know , theoretically many differnet analysis frames have been suggested . especially , i am interested in kintsch 's model . if you happen to know any of this kind software , please let me know . if not , why do n't we make this kind of software for research and teaching purpose ? thanks in advance . byungmin lee university of texas at austin .
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 616,""Subject: re : bengali software
  
  i would like to know of sources for bengali software . a bengali script word processor would be great , and / or language learning materials . sources for print materials would also be welcome , linguistics or learning oriented . will sumarize . thank you . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * stephen de giulio voice : ( 505 ) 439-0797 2107 aspen drive fax : ( 505 ) 439-3643 alamogordo , new mexico internet : degiulio @ nmsua . nmsu . edu
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 617,""Subject: summary : ' typewriter ' and """" canadian """" raising
  
  i recently asked , as i do periodically , if anyone knows of speakers who have different vowels in _ rider _ and _ writer _ ( i . e . , who have canadian raising , so called , for the diphthong / ai / ) but who use the vowel of _ rider _ in the second syllable of _ typewriter _ . i received a fair amount of mostly irate comments from people who thought this was impossible . however , i have found one speaker ( who happens to be a linguist but not a phonologist ) who has this pronunciation . as it happens he is not from ontario , but from illinois , but i believe that his existence strengthens the case for the hitherto purely hypothetical account i have proposed of how joos came to """" invent """" the non-existent ontario dialect in which supposedly _ writer _ and _ rider _ were homophonous . a careful reading of joos shows that the only example he actually cites is _ typewriter _ , not _ writer _ ! i thus believe that there must have been more speakers who said _ writer _ with a higher vowel , but both _ rider _ and _ typewriter _ with a lower one than my sole informant , and that this sporadic pronunciation is what led to the birth of the whole myth about rule ordering in canadian english , which persists till now as the example of crucial rule ordering in the phonological literature . it may not be as glamorous as the eskimo snow word myth , but there it is .
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 618,""Subject: typological classification
  
  a few remarks on fritz newmeyer 's posting on classification in language typology : of course it is not always easy to decide to which type a given language should be assigned , since there may be conflicting criteria . but some people seem to think that this is somehow a deep problem with language typology . in reality , there is no deep problem here at all , so the typological literature is quite right in not dwelling on such trivial methodological points too much , concentrating on substantive and theoretical issues instead . true , the methodology of language typology is somewhat different from the methodology used in single-language studies that most linguists engange in . when searching for significant correlations between features / parameters in the world 's language , one has to classify languages , and the more languages one looks at , the less energy one can spend on resolving each individual case . clearly , the speacialist will sometimes disagree with the way her or his language was assigned , but then most of them time not all specialists agree on the right classification themselves . when the criteria are in conflict , it may sometimes be necessary to give more weight to some than to others in a somewhat arbitrary way - - but this is simply one reflection of the necessary idealization that accompanies any serious scientific endeavor . it 's as simple as that : the more one studies linguistic phenomena in breadth , the more one loses in depth . but vice versa , linguists that study only one or a few languages are working on an extremely narrow basis and lose in breadth what they gain in depth . ideally , typological research should be conducted by teams of linguists , much in the same way as research in big science is organized . with more resources that are combined , one could study linguistic phenomena in considerable breadth and depth simultaneously . an attempt to follow this strategy has been made in the european science programme in language typology , which has been running in europe for the past five years ( wait for 10 volumes on the typology of european languages , to appear with mouton de gruyter in a year 's time ) . this was only a very modest , seriously underfunded attempt , but until we attract really big research money or manage to agree on more things , we have to be happy that we have colleagues like johanna nichols who are willing to make enormous efforts to get a view of linguistic phenomena on a global scale . martin haspelmath ( free university of berlin )
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 619,""Subject: sum : dets and number
  
  about a month ago , i posted the following query : i ' m looking for languages whose nps have the following three properties : ( 1 ) bare , unmarked nouns occur in argument position , and may be interpreted as either singular or plural ( eg . malay , mandarin , japanese , as opposed to english ) ; ( 2 ) at least some determiners are unmarked for number ( eg . english """" the """" , """" some """" , """" john 's """" , as opposed to """" this """" , """" these """" ) ; and , most interestingly , ( 3 ) when a bare , unmarked noun occurs in construction with a determiner that is unmarked for number , the resulting np * is * marked for number . so far , i am familiar with two languages satisfying the above three conditions . ( both are singaporean dialects of languages whose standard varieties do n't satisfy these conditions . ) singaporean malay ( 1 ) like in standard malay , bare , unmarked nouns are unmarked for number , eg . """" kucing """" ( cat / cats ) ; ( 2 ) again like in standard malay , the determiners """" itu """" ( that / the ) and ini """" ( this ) are unmarked for number , eg . """" seekor kucing itu """" ( that / the one cat ) , """" dua ekor kucing itu """" ( those / the two cats ) ; ( 3 ) unlike in standard malay , bare , unmarked nouns in construction with """" itu """" and ini """" tend to be interpreted as singular , eg . """" kucing itu """" ( that / the cat / ? * cats ) . [ apparently , there is some variation here between speakers , and between different constructions for the same speakers . ] singlish ( aka colloquial singaporean english ) ( 1 ) unlike in standard english , bare , unmarked nouns are unmarked for number , eg . """" cat """" ( cat / cats ) ; ( 2 ) like in standard english , prenominal possessors such as """" john 's """" are unmarked for number , eg . """" john 's one cat """" ( john 's one cat ) , """" john 's two cat ( s ) """" ( john 's two cats ) ; ( 3 ) when bare , unmarked nouns are preceded by prenominal possessors , the resulting construction can only be interpreted as singular , eg . """" john 's cat """" ( john 's cat / * cats ) . some questions : ( a ) is anybody familiar with more such examples ? ( references ? ) ( b ) is this a southeast asian areal feature and / or a common cross-linguistic pattern ? ( c ) in both of the above cases , an unmarked noun plus an unmarked determiner results in a singular np . are there any cases where the result is a plural np ? ( d ) does anybody have any ideas how to analyze / explain this phenomenon ( within any theoretical framework , or none ) ? * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this is one case where the summary is much shorter than the query itself . two other languages emerged with a pattern identical to that of singaporean malay : japanese ( thanks to pamela a downing and mayumi masuko ) , and korean ( thanks to jae jung song ) . ( in the meantime , further field work of my own revealed that in singlish , not just prenominal possessors but also the definite article """" the """" exhibits a similar singularity effect : although unmarked for number ( as evidenced by """" the one cat """" , """" the two cat ( s ) """" ) , """" the cat """" is interpreted as singular . ) further observations were provided by steven berbeco , richard dearmond , bob fradkin , mark a . mandel , edith a . moravcsik , and gwyn williams .
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 620,""Subject: sum : size adjs and quantifiers
  
  about a month ago , i posted the following query : i ' m looking for examples , from any language , of quantifiers that are formally related to size adjectives . so far , i am familiar with the following three examples : english : little > a little lao : nohy5 > nohy5 neu : ng2 little little one """" little """" """" a little """" minangkabau : ketek > saketek little one-little """" little """" """" a little """" is anybody familiar with more such examples ? in spite of the typological and geographical diversity of these three languages , the above constructions are strikingly similar . this raises the following further questions : ( 1 ) are there any analogous examples where """" many """" is derived from """" big """" ? ( 2 ) are there any examples where the derivation is in the other direction , ie . where a size adjective , eg . """" little """" is derived from a quantifier , eg . """" a few """" ? * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the above query triggered numerous interesting responses , for which i am grateful to the following residents of the global virtual village : robert beard , steven berbeco , jonathan david bobaljik , john cowan , jane edwards , f . gladney , arthur holmer , knut lambrecht , pierre larrivee , ann lindvall , edith moravcsik , geoffrey s . nathan , chris pountain , ines shaw , nancy stenson , frits stuurman , cynthia vakareliyska , 0ystein alexander vangsnes , peansiri vongvipanond , and a person who wished to remain anonymous . in a nutshell , all of the responses but one provided data from european languages . i do not know enough to say whether this areal patterning is of the phenomenon in question , or rather of the respondents to the query , and the languages that they are familiar with . however , the data suggested that formal relationships between quantifiers and size adjectives are indeed widespread , and provided an affirmative answer to the first specific query , with examples of the derivation of """" many """" from """" big """" . in what follows , i provide a selection of typical responses ( if anybody wants the responses in their entirety , they can contact me directly ) . some more examples of """" little """" > """" a little """" : swedish : liten > lite """" little """" """" a little """" irish : beag > beaga ' n """" little """" """" a little """" french : petit > un petit """" little """" """" a little """" russian : mal / malo / mala > malo """" little """" """" a little """" ( short predicate forms ) polish : maly > malo """" little """" """" a little """" bulgarian : maluk / malko / malka > malko """" little """" """" a little """" some respondents offered interesting diachronic comments : """" [ t ] he latin adjectives for ' little ' , parvus and paulus , were replaced by what is often seen as an ' onomatopoeic ' creation ( * pittinnus for spanish ) . the adverb parum , which is morphologically related to parvus is replaced by a form * paucu , which existed in classical latin only in the plural ( pauci ) with the meaning ' ( a ) few ' . in the medieval romance languages , old spanish _ poco _ , old catalan _ poc _ and old occitan _ pauc _ are however attested in the meaning of ' little ' . """" [ chris pountain ] """" [ t ] he latin root is from ie * pou / pau , which gives english few , foal , as well as latin ( and english ) pauper , poverty , not to mention greek paed ` child ' ( paediatrician etc . ) so all the ` small ' and ` few ' meanings are intermingled throughout all the ie etyma . """" [ geoffrey s . nathan ] and now , in response to question ( 1 ) , some examples of """" big """" > """" many """" : quebec french : gros > gros gros """" big """" """" a lot """" irish : mo ' r > mo ' ra ' n """" big """" """" a lot """" ( negative polarity ) polish : duzy > duzo """" big """" """" a lot """" and a general diachronic comment : """" slavic _ comparative _ quantifier """" more """" has the same root ( bol - ) as adj """" big """" ( old church slavonic bolii , modern russian bol 's hoj ) . """" many / much """" is mnogo / mnogi in the slavic languages , root * minog - ( short i ) - - there 's no etymologically related adj meaning """" big """" . ( the root in the comparative shows up as * bolj - in the comparative quantifier and adjs , but i am assuming the j is a suffix [ . . . ] . i think russian is the only modern language where this root still shows up in the adj . """" big """" , though all of them except modern bulgarian ( and probably macedonian ) still have the comparative quantifier in bol . vasmer 's etymological dictionary of the russian language relates the root to sanskrit baliyan ( acute accent on first a , long mark over i and second a ) , """" stronger """" , balisthas ( acute over first a , dot under first s and t ) , """" strongest """" , """" balam """" ( acute over first a ) """" strength """" . russian has two different comparative forms with this root in addition to the adj """" big """" ( bol 's hoj ) : comparative quantifier bol 's he ( as in """" more money """" ) and adverb bolee ( as in """" more interesting """" ) . """" [ cynthia vakareliyska ] as for question ( 2 ) , pertaining to derivations in the opposite direction ( from quantifier to size adjective ) , here the evidence is still less clear . one respondent [ ann lindvall ] suggested some possible examples from swedish and greek . in fact , in the above slavic examples , the directionality is not immediately clear , and may perhaps be most appropriately characterized as a nondirectional identity of ( neuter-form ) adjective and quantifier . however , i still have n't encountered any uncontroversial examples of size adjectives that are derived from quantifiers . finally , two interesting comments on related phenomena : """" hungarian : ' a little ' or 's omewhat ' ( such as in """" she is a little late . """" or """" a somewhat over-ripe pear was lying on the table . """" ) : _ kicsit _ , which consists of _ kicsi _ ( predicative form of the the adjective for 's mall ' ) plus _ t _ , the accusative marker ' very ' , ' extremely ' ( such as in the above sentences , with """" little """" / """" somewhat """" replaced with """" very """" / """" extremely """" ) : _ nagyon _ , which consists of _ nagy _ ' big ' and _ on _ , a de - adjectival adverbializer . these are ad-verbal and ad-adjectival quantifiers . adnominal quantifiers such as ' many ' and ' few ' do not have to do with size adjectives . """" [ edith moravcsik ] """" i suspect that the thai and lao adverb ( ? ) nak """" great deal , a lot """" and the adjective nak """" heavy """" are derivatives of one another ( strange ? ) through grammaticalization . this verbal quantifier is more prevalent in lao , lanna thai dialect and isan dialect ( all geographically and historically related ) than in bangkok thai . """" [ peansiri vongvipanond ]
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 621,""Subject: tmi95 - adapted reminder of deadline
  
  we have been asked to clarify what the exact length of the topical papers and progress notes should be . therefore , we send you this adapted version of the reminder of the deadline . on behalf of the organizing committee bruno tersago centre for computational linguistics tel : + 32-16 - 285088 maria - theresiastraat , 21 e - mail : bruno . tersago @ ccl . kuleuven . ac . be b-3000 leuven ( belgium ) fax : + 32-16 - 285098 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tmi95 - the sixth international conference on theoretical and methodological issues in machine translation ( tmi95 ) july 5 - 7 1995 university of leuven centre for computational linguistics leuven , belgium ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! reminder of deadline for paper submission ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! the sixth international conference on theoretical and methodological issues in machine translation ( tmi95 ) will be held from july 5 to 7 1995 at the university of leuven , belgium . it will precede the fifth edition of the mt summit , hosted by the ec in luxembourg from july 10 to 14 . tmi95 will focus on three major topics : computational semantics for mt , mt of spoken language , and the use of sublanguage / controlled language for mt . as a novelty for tmi , two kinds of papers can be submitted : 1 ) high - quality topical papers focussing on ( but not limited to ) the broad domains of computational semantics for mt , mt for spoken languages the use of sublanguage or controlled language for mt . 2 ) short progress notes reporting on ongoing research , possibly accompanied by a demonstration ( no commercial systems ) . ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! please note that the deadline for submission ! ! ! ! ! ! is january 15 1995 . ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! the papers and notes should respect the following conventions : - single column , double-spaced , point size 12 for running text ( figures , annexes , references can deviate from this ) - maximum length : 20 for topical papers ; 8 pages for progress notes including figures and references ( about 5000 words ( topical papers ) ; 2000 words ( progress notes ) ) - they must be in english - they must contain a 100-150 word abstract ( topical papers ) ; 50-100 word abstract ( progress notes ) papers will be reviewed by international experts in the field . notification of acceptance will be sent by april 15 1995 . preference is given to e-mail submission in latex - format . these should be forwarded to tmi-subm @ ccl . kuleuven . ac . be before january 15 1995 . latex submissions must be self-contained latex source and should not refer to any external files or styles except for the standard styles for tex 3 . 14 and latex 2 . 09 . an exception is made however for """" avm . sty """" , """" trees . sty """" ( by avery andrews ) and """" treedvips . sty """" . further inquiries university of leuven centre for computational linguistics maria - theresiastraat 21 b-3000 leuven , belgium phone : + 32-16 - 285088 e-mail tmi95 @ ccl . kuleuven . ac . be attention : from 01-01 - 1995 onwards , phonenumbers of university of leuven will change ! + 32-16 - 28 . . . . - - - > + 32-16 - 32 . . . .
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 622,""Subject: call for papers : language and prehistory in south asia
  
  the center for south asian studies , school of hawai ` ian , asian and pacific studies , university of hawai ` i , announces its eleventh annual spring symposium entitled language and prehistory in south asia , to be held march 20 & 21 , 1995 ( monday and tuesday ) from 9 : 00 am to 4 : 00 pm on the university of hawai ` i at manoa campus . papers are invited up to thirty minutes in length , focusing on any aspect of the structure , use , and history of any of the modern or classical languages of south asia ( including afghanistan , bangladesh , bhutan , india , maldives , pakistan , sikkim , sri lanka , and tibet ) as well as relationships and contacts among the languages of this area and between these languages and the languages of mainland and insular south east asia , east asia , central asia , western asia , africa or the pacific islands ( e . g . fiji ) . the proceedings will be published in summer or fall 1995 . send abstracts ( one copy , one page , not anonymous ) to the attention of karina bingham , symposium coordinator , center for south asian studies , moore hall 416 , university of hawai ` i / manoa , honolulu , hi 96822 . for more information , contact dr . lawrence a . reid , dept . of linguistics , ( 808 ) 956-3223 or reid @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu .
 "",0
 623,""Subject: icla call for papers
  
  4th international cognitive linguistics conference july 17 - july 21 , 1995 , albuquerque , new mexico * aims and scope the international cognitive linguistics conference offers a forum for research within the perspective of cognitive linguistics . this perspective subsumes a number of concerns and broadly compatible theoretical approaches that share a common basis : the idea that language is an integral part of cognition which reflects the interaction of cultural , psychological , communicative , and functional considerations , and which can only be understood in the context of a realistic view of conceptualization and mental processing . topics of interest for cognitive linguistics include the structural characteristics of natural language categorization ( such as prototypicality , metaphor , mental imagery , and cognitive models ) , the functional principles of linguistic organization ( such as iconicity and naturalness ) , the conceptual interface between syntax and semantics , the experiential and pragmatic background of language-in - use , and the relationship between language and thought . in addition , topics of special interest for the 1995 conference include cross-linguistic studies and cognitive linguistic approaches to signed language research . * conference site the 1995 conference will take place on the campus of the university of new mexico ( unm ) in albuquerque . albuquerque lies between the foothills of the sandia mountains ( with peaks of more than 10 , 000 feet ) and the west mesa ( which is dotted with the cinder cones of long-extinct volcanoes ) ; dividing the city is the winding rio grande valley , famous for its bosque nature preserve . at an altitude of roughly 5000 feet , the university campus enjoys warm summer days and cool nights . excursions to nearby pueblos , santa fe , and the sandia mountains are being planned . also taking place at unm during the summer of 1995 is the linguistic society of america 's biennial linguistic institute . under the direction of joan bybee , li-95 will run for six weeks from late june to early august and will include over 50 courses taught by visiting faculty as well as special lectures . the conceptual structure for li-95 applies cross-linguistic comparison and a functional orientation to the major areas of linguistics and the language emphases of the university of new mexico program : signed languages , spanish , and native american languages . several other conferences are planned to precede and follow the 1995 icla conference . * submission of abstracts authors are requested to submit four copies of a one-page abstract in hardcopy format to the address below . abstracts must be received before november 30 , 1994 . authors will be notified of acceptance or rejection by february 1 , 1995 . sherman wilcox / icla95 department of linguistics university of new mexico albuquerque , nm 87131
 "",0
 624,""Subject: re : 5 . 1225 linguistics and imperialism
  
  with regard to hoberman 's comment . it would not make sense to say that linguistics is inherently imperialistic in nature , any more than it would for any other science , since linguistics is multi-faceted and has many purposes , some now well established and others continually evolving , e . g . , """" forensic """" applications of linguistics etc . since language is universal , applications for linguistics are universal . in my earlier comments i dwelt on diversity among languages because that 's where the connection between linguistics ( mainly as an aid to learning and teaching languages ) and multilingual empires ( = """" imperialism """" ) is easiest to see . however , i also noted that there are people who are interested in language and linguistic diversity for its own sake . i suspect that this is universal . although it may be reflected differently in different cultures . maybe the universality of interest in language and linguistic diversity is reflected in myths about the origin of such diversity , or other kinds of """" pre-linguistic """" explanations . among cultures which seem particularly ethnocentric to me , classic athenian culture perhaps was less encouraging to interest in other languages than most cultures ( with the us perhaps close behind but also with a complex fear and insecurity about languages other than english ) . nevertheless , we see from plato 's cratylus that differences between greek ( in its various diachronic forms ) and the """" barbarian """" languages was put to philosophical use . if you read cratylus , you ' ll see that plato , through socrates , was putting some value on philosophical arguments which brought in data from other languages . ( even though there 's a lot of sarcasm and tongue in cheek in the whole issue as plato treats it in cratylus , i . e . , whether the words of language are """" natural """" or """" conventional """" / are there """" correct """" words for ideas / concepts / things ? - - plato is always a polemicist , reacting to rival schools of thought . ) i would like to re-open the issue ( i think it was once opened before on the list ) about how different cultures """" explain """" language diversity , and whether there is a culture which prevents all individual members from being interested in language for its own sake . i do n't think that could logically be possible - - but what do i know ? in any case , this might give us some insights into the """" prehistory of linguistics """" , and also into the still present motivations of some linguists to attach themselves to this aspect of our culture . benji
 "",0
 625,""Subject: re : 5 . 1225 linguistics and imperialism
  
  with regard to hoberman 's comment , it would not make sense to say that linguistics is inherently imperialistic in nature , any more than it would for any other science , since linguistics is multi-faceted and has many purposes , some now well established and others continually evolving , e . g . , """" forensic """" applications of linguistics etc . since language is universal , applications for linguistics are universal . in my earlier comments i dwelt on diversity among languages because that 's where the connection between linguistics ( mainly as an aid to learning and teaching languages ) and multilingual empires ( = """" imperialism """" ) is easiest to see . however , i also noted that there are people who are interested in language and linguistic diversity for its own sake . i suspect that this is universal . although it may be reflected differently in different cultures . maybe the universality of interest in language and linguistic diversity is reflected in myths about the origin of such diversity , or other kinds of """" pre-linguistic """" explanations . among cultures which seem particularly ethnocentric to me , classic athenian culture perhaps was less encouraging to interest in other languages than most cultures ( with the us perhaps close behind but also with a complex fear and insecurity about languages other than english ) . nevertheless , we see from plato 's cratylus that differences between greek ( in its various diachronic forms ) and the """" barbarian """" languages was put to philosophical use . if you read cratylus , you ' ll see that plato , through socrates , was putting some value on philosophical arguments which brought in data from other languages . ( even though there 's a lot of sarcasm and tongue in cheek in the whole issue as plato treats it in cratylus , i . e . , whether the words of language are """" natural """" or """" conventional """" / are there """" correct """" words for ideas / concepts / things ? - - plato is always a polemicist , reacting to rival schools of thought . ) i would like to re-open the issue ( i think it was once opened before on the list ) about how different cultures """" explain """" language diversity , and whether there is a culture which prevents all individual members from being interested in language for its own sake . i do n't think that could logically be possible - - but what do i know ? in any case , this might give us some insights into the """" prehistory of linguistics """" , and also into the still present motivations of some linguists to attach themselves to this aspect of our culture . benji
 "",0
 626,""Subject: 
  
  dictionaries crowley , t . a dictionary of paamese . 1992 ; xii + 256pp . ( incl . 1 map ) . isbn 085883 412 x . aus $ 35 . 00 . pacific linguistics , c-121 . ? ? ? this ia a dictionary of the austronesian language spoken on the island of paama in vanuatu ( formely the new hybrides ) in the south-west pacific . beside the paamese - english listing the dictionary also contains an english - paamese index . it complements the author 's the paamese language of vanuatu ( published by pacific linguistics in 1982 ) . bradley , d . a dictionary of the northern dialect of lisu ( china and southeast asia ) . 1994 ; xii + 275pp . isbn 0 85883 423 5 . au $ 30 . 30 pacific linguistics , c-126 . this dictionary describes the lexicon on the northern dialect of lisu as spoken by most lisu , especially those living in the nujiang autonomous prefecture north-western yunnan . it represents lisu forms in the new lisu orthography as used by the majority of lisu in china . it is based on the lisu - chinese dictionary edited by xu lin , mu yuzhang et . al . , and published by the yunnan nationalities publishing house in 1985 . beside the lisu - english listing this dictionary contains an english - lisu index . australian langs thieberger , n . handbook of western australian aboriginal languages south of the kimberley region . 1993 ; vii + 408pp . ( incl . 6 maps ) . isbn 0 85883 418 9 . aus $ 40 . 50 pacific linguistics , c-124 . this handbook lists material available in and about the aboriginal languages spoken south of kimberley region , western australia . sixty - nine languages are discussed including two post-contact languages , western australian aboriginal english and kriol . each section contains caps showing the approximate traditional locations of the languages concerned . hercus , l . a grammar of the arabana-wangkangurru language , lake eyre basin , south australia . 1994 : xx + 324pp . ( incl . 2 maps , 12 photographs ) . isbn 0 85883 425 1 . aus $ 43 . 80 . pacific linguistics , c-128 . in this volume luise hercus records the grammar of a language that was once spoken to the north and west of lake eure , south australia , and is now all but extinct . arabana and wangkangurru are closely related dialects of one language although the speakers regard them as separate languages . besides the grammar this book contains a number of thexts and photographs of some of the principal informants used in the study . oceania hamel , p . a grammar and lexicon of loniu , papua new guinea . 1994 ; ix + 275pp . ( incl . 1 map ) . isbn 0 85883 410 3 . pacific linguistics , c-103 . this is a grammar and short dictionary of the small austronesian language spoken by 450-500 inhabitants of two villages of two villages on the southern coast of manus island , papua new guinea . the books also contains an english - loniu index and two illustrative texts . ferreirinho , n . selected topics in the grammar of limos kalinga , the the philippines . 1993 : viii + 125pp . ( incl . 1 map ) . isbn 0 85883 4197 . aus $ 34 . 00 pacific linguistics , b-109 . limos kalinga is one of ten dialects of kalinga , a central cordilleran language spoken in the northern part of luzon , the philippines . the study includes a description of word classes , noun phrase and verbal morphology , different types of sentences , topicalisation , and reduplication . it laso includes a sample text . brainard , s . karao phonology , the philippines , 1994 ; vi + 259pp . ( incl . 1 map ) . isbn 0 85883 420 0 . aus $ 30 . 00 pacific linguistics , b-110 . karao is a small southern cordilleran language spoken in northern luzon near baguio and nestled in the midst of some 90 , 000-100 , 000 ibaloi speakers . the language is notable for the amount of variation in the forms of words that speakers accept . the study argues thet theese variations can be explained in termns of moras , the primary organizing unit of phonlogical segments at the word level . basel , linda a . verb morphology of mori , sulawesi , 1994 ; x + 139pp . isbn 085883 421 9 . aus $ 23 . 20 pacific linguistics , b-111 . mori is an austronesian language of central and south sulawesi , indonesia . it is spoken by about 30 , 000 people living in this area and by about another 10 , 000 people living in the urban centres of sulawesi and other indonesian islands . besides containing a detailed description of the verb in mori this study includes a phonological sketch of the language and a sample text .
 "",0
 627,""Subject: job : slavic linguistics ( forwarded from seelangs )
  
  russian / slavic linguist . assistant professor , tenure-track , contingent on budgetary approval . must have phd in hand , demonstrated teaching ability , commitment to research , and ability to teach slavic linguistics courses at the ma level , russian at all levels , and a second slavic language . preference will be given to those who can help develop a curriculum dealing with the interface between linguistics , literature and culture . please send cv , description of research interests , and names of three references by december 1 , 1994 , to george gutsche , head , department of russian & slavic languages , university of arizona , modern languages 340 , tucson , az 85721 . position available beginning august 1995 . the university of arizona is an eeo / aa / ada compliance employer .
 "",0
 628,""Subject: search for proposal consultant
  
  i am looking for an individual or a company who can help me prepare a proposal for a software project that i would like to market to private companies . i can be reached by email for further details , but before i hire someone , i will need to see a resume , a track record , and some references . the consultant will need to be experienced in writing proposals for the computer industry . a knowledge of human language translation technology would be a definite plus . phil bralich , ph . d . bralich @ uhccux . uhcc . hawaii . edu philip a . bralich 1555 pohaku street , # a508 honolulu , hi 96817 ( 808 ) 841-1087
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 629,""Subject: russian lecturer position at cornell
  
  russian lecturer position position : full - time lecturer in russian , to begin in the fall of 1995 . one to three year appointment with possible renewal . duties : teaching russian language courses at all levels , from elementary through advanced . qualifications : ma in slavic , general , or applied linguistics . an ability to teach advanced grammar courses for language learners . teaching experience in a russian language program at a north american school . evidence of excellent rapport with undergraduate students . professional commitment to language teaching . strong interest in language pedagogy . near - native fluency in russian . command of stylistic and grammatical nuances of english and russian , and an ability to provide linguistic explanations in both languages . salary : minimum starting salary for this position is $ 24 , 250 . please send curriculum vitae to : russian search department of modern languages and linguistics morrill hall , cornell university ithaca , ny 14853-4701 please indicate the names , addresses , and current telephone numbers of three persons who are familiar with your teaching style and teaching experience and may be contacted for references . complete applications will be accepted until a suitable candidate is selected . applications received after june 1 , 1995 will not be considered . cornell university is an affirmative action , equal opportunity employer . wayles browne , assoc . prof . of linguistics dept . of modern languages and linguistics , morrill hall cornell university ithaca , new york 14853 , u . s . a . tel . 607-255 - 0712 , 607-273 - 3009 e-mail ewb2 @ cornell . edu ( earlier : jn5j @ cornella . bitnet / / jn5j @ cornella . cit . cornell . edu )
 "",0
 630,""Subject: job advert - rf in computational linguistics
  
  ( please forward to any additional interested parties ) university of brighton information technology research institute research fellow - computational linguistics ( fixed term for 3 years ) up to # 19 , 137 per annum this post is concerned with the development of techniques for enhancing the representational structure of large-scale lexicons . the work will involve surveying and collecting existing lexical resources , rapid prototyping of enhancement techniques , testing and evaluation through construction of pilot applications , and refinement of the techniques into usable tools . a phd in computational linguistics or a closely related area , experience of lexical representation and good programming skills , including familiarity with prolog and either pop11 or lisp , are essential . familiarity with the lexical representation language datr , as well as other lexical formalisms , is highly desirable . experience of large-scale lexicon development or acquisition , and of developing tools for language engineering would also be an advantage . ref : it916 for an informal discussion about the post , please telephone dr . roger evans , deputy head of the information technology research institute , ( 01273 ) 642900 , or email roger . evans @ itri . bton . ac . uk . for further details and an application form contact the personnel department , university of brighton , brighton , bn2 4at , or 24 hour answerphone : ( 01273 ) 642849 quoting the appropriate reference number . if you need further information , ring ( 01273 ) 642837 . closing date : 25th november 1994 information about the post and the project may also be found on the itri ftp server ( ftp . itri . bton . ac . uk ) in the following files : pub / itri / posts / it916-seal - advert this message pub / itri / posts / it916-seal - jobdesc job description for the post pub / itri / posts / it916-seal - project project description note , however , that applications should be made on the forms available from the above address .
 "",0
 631,""Subject: psycholinguistics postdoc
  
  a postdoctoral position in psycholinguistics is available immediately , to join an interdisciplinary lab that is part of the university of southern california 's neural , informational , and behavioral sciences ( nibs ) program . the focus of research is sentence and discourse processing in normal aging and alzheimer 's disease , particularly the role of working memory in these processes . the candidate must hold a ph . d . in psychology , linguistics , or related field , and have expertise in the use of on-line methods in language comprehension . the research is funded by the national institute of aging , with a salary of $ 28 , 000 plus benefits . this is a one-year position with a possible renewal for the subsequent two years of the grant . send a letter of application and a curriculum vitae to : maryellen macdonald hedco neuroscience building university of southern california los angeles , ca 90089-2520 phone : ( 213 ) 740-6181 e-mail : mcm @ gizmo . usc . edu women and minorities are encouraged to apply . usc is an equal opportunity / affirmative action employer .
 "",0
 632,""Subject: lx as * science * ?
  
  i accept the editors ' recent challenge for resuming last year 's thread ( which i missed , before subscribing ) on whether linguistics is / should be considered a science - - by which i am assuming everyone means newtonian * science * rather than the quantum / relativity science which has been current during this century . [ n1 ] . i will argue 1 ) that while much of our work is * scientific * , much of our work goes beyond the traditional definitions of * science * ; 2 ) that being categorized solely as * science * is to our long-term professional detriment ; 3 ) that we are uniquely positioned to aim higher . academics over the centuries have used various prestige words when desiring to assert their rigor . * scientific * is such a word today , and has been a prestige word since the early 1800 's when it replaced * philosophical * as the term academics use when indicating some ultimate in rigor and truth . and well before that , in seventh-century rome , boethius and others used * logical * as their prestige word . [ n2 ] i ' m confident this is not the sole reason for most linguists ' claim that linguistics is a * science * . but for those few for whom it is : saying it 's * rigorous * is sufficient to describe that side of our work . perhaps instead our discipline is looking for professional prestige and advancement in academe , and aligning politically with * science * is seen as the best strategic move . [ n3 ] is this a reason ? if so , perhaps we can talk together about it out loud rather than it remaining as a professional assumption . but there are other reasons we might consider giving up * science * as a label - - including our unique perversity in cultivating the process of working with meaning . a physicist friend once told me that if physics had to deal with the dimension of meaning ( s ) as well as everything else it deals with , physics could no longer be a science . [ greg derry , personal communication ] . newtonian physics was long held as the model of hard * science * , and all of its principles exclude ( d ) meaning . but so do the principles of 20th - century physics . is any linguist ready to give up meaning ( including the systemic meaning of structure ) in order to be * scientific * ? is linguistics not at least as much art as science ? can anyone provide me a good reason for categorizing linguistics as science in the context of these remarks ? is n't there something more inclusive we can aim toward ? but where 's our model in the social / soft sciences ? actually , linguistics is the best potential candidate for such a new , meaning-full model of science . other disciplines have been watching us for decades . after all , we train in our methodologies for a very delicate balancing act in consciousness between form and meaning ( i . e . , when doing historical work , we compare forms even from other languages , but we can't stop with that - - we must also be aware whether they have changed semantic categories , etc . ) . this is what some in other disciplines would call a systems approach , which goes beyond modern structuralism [ n4 ] . like the complementarity principle in physics , form and meaning in linguistics are complementary ( not polar ) opposites , both necessary for the total system to work properly . alas , our own theories are another matter . because of the terminological shackles of a meaning-less * science * that some would place on our discipline , we continue to use the dead metaphors of that meaning-less * science * in our attempts at meaning-full theory building . [ n5 ] notice how we have historically treated those who urged us to move our theories to the level of our methodology - - to the level of systems thinking : which describes a world of uncertainties and mutual interdependencies rather than mono-certain anything ; or chaotic ' attractors ' pulling events toward them into material manifestation [ n6 ] , instead of one thing directly causing another . whorf took one step , in transforming einstein 's relativity principle from the more limited geometry focus to the larger focus of human language in general , which he called the linguistic relativity principle . [ n7 ] that physics has in this century been dealing with deep linguistic questions has unfortunately been lost on most linguists . and the deeper mergers of language and philosophy have been ignored for universalist perspectives in the latter half of this century [ n8 ] . and linguistics departments are closing as the rest of academe ruthlessly renders its own self-serving judgement : linguistics is becoming irrelevant , a """" pseudo-science """" , in the late 20th - century . please understand : i am in no way against the * scientific * mode of linguistics - - it is uniquely appropriate to studying form . it is not , however , appropriate to studying meaning , for obvious reasons . the answer is not to let the part overwhelm the whole such that our entire discipline becomes * scientific * , but to accept the challenge and develop theories and principles of a meaning-full science that other disciplines will so admire that in the 21st century they will start claiming to be * linguistic * as a way of claiming ultimate rigor in their search for truth . * * * * notes : [ n1 ] i assume this because of the way all the social sciences treated whorf , who was attempting to tell them that the very definition of * science * / science was changing underneath their certainties . if it were otherwise , we would n't need this discussion . [ n2 ] dineen on boethius : """" logic became the prestige study of the day , the medieval 's most precise and respected intellectual tool . it held the same position in the intellectual world then that science holds now : serious study today must be 's cientific ' - - then it had to be ' logical ' """" . [ n3 ] however , as one christian de quincy wrote recently , """" [ m ] ost scientists do not recognize the limits of science , nor do they want to . there is a power given to the society that supports science . if one were to take the power and possession [ of science ] away from the corporations and politicians , what would be the standing of science in society ? """" [ n4 ] . . . and what some consciousness anthropologists would call a 's hamanic stance ' , balancing with a foot in both worlds . eastern philosophers would probably talk about the interpenetration of yin and yang within the tao , as david bohm found out in his dialogues with j . krishnamurti . [ n5 ] including such pre - relativity / quantum * scientific * vocabulary as ' cause ' and 'd etermine ' ( especially when linked , as in monocausal determinism ! ) . we even try to project these dead * metaphors onto people using systems thinking ( e . g . , sapir , whorf , pike , lamb ) . [ n6 ] per current chaos theory in mathematics , for those who like to use mathematics in their linguistics theories . [ n7 ] einstein also had the larger language issues in mind , which he talked about in a 1941 radio speech ( """" what is it that brings about such an ultimate connection between language and thinking ? . . . the mental development of the individual and his way of forming concepts depend to a high degree upon language . this makes us realize to what extent the same language means the same mentality . """" ) . [ n8 ] there is so much more that needs to be done in interesting areas such as how reason and logic and philosophy grow out of the grammars of languages . most are not aware , for instance , that the word ' karma ' - - long before it was a term of eastern philosophy denoting the process of what goes around comes around with emphasis on the ' comes around ' experiential phenomena - - was a term within the system of sanskrit linguistics meaning 'd irect object of verb ' [ james ryan , sanskrit & philosophy scholar , personal communication then presentation at society for the anthropology of consciousness , 1992 ] . what might a well-articulated philosophy of animacy from native american languages look like ? - - moonhawk ( % - > ) < """" the fool on the hill sees the sun going down and > < the eyes in his head see the world spinning round """" > < - - john lennon >
 "",0
 633,""Subject: aaas ' 95
  
  as the february 17-21 , 1995 meeting of the aaas in atlanta approaches i thought it would be good to send a reminder to readers of linguist that they can become either a regular member and receive science or a supporting member . the application for the latter is below . in another message i will send the application for regular membership . as mentioned in earlier listings , it is very important that section z on linguistics and the language sciences reach its quota of 500 members . we still have a way to go . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = american association for the m e m b e r s h i p advancement of science a p p l i c a t i o n i want to become a supporting member of aaas . i understand that this class of membership does not entitle me to receive science . but i want to support scienc activities and eduction , public understanding of science , and scientific freedom and responsibility . enroll me as a supporting member with my primary affiliation in section z , linguistics and the language sciences . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ / / supporting member - $ 35 . 00 address for science _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ payment method state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code / / check enclosed / / bill me later ( regular only ) primary affiliation : charge my / / visa / / mastercard section z - linguistics and the language sciences credit card # : check this box / / expiration date _ _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _ _ _ signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fast fax your order to : 202 842 1065 prices valid until 12 / 31 / 94 . internation and canadian rates are higher and available upon request . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
 "",0
 634,""Subject: coswl survey
  
  linguistic graduate students and faculty , as part of an ongoing study on graduate , postdoctoral , and junior faculty women in linguistics , the committee on the status of women in linguistics ( coswl ) has developed two questionnaires for distribution to linguistic departments across the country . in order for the survey to be successful , we need to find student representatives who are willing to oversee the distribution and uptake of these questionnaires at their own universities . the """" coswl graduate student representative """" would be responsible for : ( 1 ) distributing an institutional questionnaire to departmental administrators , and ( 2 ) distributing a more personally oriented questionnaire to graduate students , postdocs , and junior faculty . we urge you all to get involved in this very worthwhile enterprise . if you are a faculty member , we would be grateful if you could find a graduate student to act as the coswl representative for your department . we plan to send out the questionnaire materials on november 15th , so we need to hear from interested students immediately . we are in the initial stages of what we hope will become an on-going , long-term project on the status of women in linguistics , so your participation is crucial ! if you would like to be the coswl graduate student representative for your university , please send your school address , favored mailing address , phone number , and e-mail address to khall @ garnet . berkeley . edu . thank you , kira hall department of linguistics uc berkeley
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 635,""Subject: ucla tesl & applied linguistics gopher
  
  tesl & applied linguistics gopher the department of tesl and applied linguistics is proud to announce the establishment of a gopher directory on the ucla gopher server , with the assistance of humanities computing and especially wayne miller . this gopher server currently holds departmental information , and is meant to inform both the campus , the department and the world beyond ucla of our activities and academic resources , as well as policies , guidelines and associated programs . by logging in to the gopher , you can find the following directories and information : - - an introduction to the department of tesl and applied linguistics - - a directory of announcements , including ta guidelines talsa student policies student representation - - a directory of associated programs , including english as a second language ( soon to be its own directory ) language , interaction and culture group ( soon to be its own directory ) language resource program ( in time to be its own directory ) south and south east asian language program quechua ( soon to link with latin american studies ? ) - - a course guide directory , including winter 1995 schedule tesl & al courses ( eventually to hold sample syllabi and course desc . ) courses from other departments relevant to idp participants , ( a list compiled by current idp students ) - - a directory of the faculty , including an address list and cv / profile of each faculty member , including recent publications and research interests - - a directory for ial , the student journal - - program information for the interdepartmental program in applied linguistics , academic requirements recent student research ( a list of qps filed by idp students ) application requirements , including a link to grad . division gopher for application information and on-line application soon to have links to departmental gophers for linguistics , anthropology , sociology , psychology , graduate school of education , etc . when these gophers become available - - program information for the ma in tesl , similarly structured . this gopher can be expanded and updated easily . those wishing to add relevant directories , announcements , etc . should see me or e-mail me at ihw1lrm @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu . to get to the gopher , enter the orion information database . select """" infoucla """" and then select """" gopher """" ( # 7 ) . select the directory titled """" ucla gopher server """" . again , select the directory titled """" ucla gopher servers """" . next select the directory titled """" humanities computing """" ( note - - this is temporary ; my understanding is that it will be titled humanities departments ) . select the directory titled """" humnet departments and ucla resources """" . finally , select the directory for tesl and applied linguistics . i am working with humanities computing to establish entries in this level of the gopher for both esl and ssealp , as these two associated programs are not always associated with tesl / applied linguistics to the outside world , and i would like to maximize accessibility . your feedback is highly valued . this first gopher is a work in progress , and all suggestions for its improvement will be considered and acted upon . i would like to take an opportunity to thank wayne miller and karie masterson at hcf for working to get this up and running , and to george for his ideas for the world wide web ( which will be the next project ! ) happy tunneling ! lyn
 "",0
 636,""Subject: conf : clin ' 94 final program
  
  clin-94 final program clin-94 fifth computational linguistics in the netherlands meeting wednesday , november 23 , 1994 university of twente the fifth clin meeting will be hosted by the parlevink linguistic engineering group of the university of twente in enschede . at clin meetings , computational linguistics researchers in ( or from ) the netherlands gather and present their ( possibly ongoing ) research . every year a well-known speaker is invited . this year , we invited annie zaenen , affiliated with rank xerox research centre in meylan , france to be this year 's keynote speaker . she will talk about ` language technology and multilingualism ' . there will be twenty-three talks and three parallel sessions . all sessions will take place in """" de vrijhof """" at the campus . the participation fee is dfl 50 . the fee includes a lunch buffet , coffee and tea during the breaks and an informal reception . payment will be made only on-site . the proceedings of the clin ' 93 meeting will be available at this year 's meeting . they can also be found via www at url : http : / / tyr . let . rug . nl / ~ vannoord / clin / clin4 / clin4 . html it is our intention that a volume of proceedings of clin ' 94 will be produced in due time . a dvi file with the abstracts , however , can already be found at url : http : / / hydra . cs . utwente . nl / ~ andernac / clinabstracts . dvi this information and more is also available via www either directly via url : http : / / hydra . cs . utwente . nl / parlevink / clinprogram . html or via the clin home page with url : http : / / tyr . let . rug . nl / ~ vannoord / clin / clin . html program 10 . 30 arrival , subscription , coffee 11 . 00 annie zaenen ( rank xerox research centre , meylan , france ) language technology and multilingualism session 1 11 . 45 marc de boer , colin tattersall & jacob groote ( ptt research , groningen ) comparing business activities based on case grammar representation 12 . 15 bas van bakel ( kun , nijmegen ) elsa 's choice : handling syntactic ambiguity in nlp systems 12 . 45 lunch 14 . 00 leen kievit ( itk , tilburg ) representing structural ambiguity 14 . 30 johan bos ( computerlinguistik , universitaet des saarlandes , germany ) underspecified predicate logics 15 . 00 richard f . e . sutcliffe , piek vossen , peter hellwig & the sift team ( university of limerick , ireland ) the tractable representation of utterance meanings for information retrieval 15 . 30 coffee break 16 . 00 jan schaake & geert - jan m . kruijff ( ut , enschede ) information states based analysis of dialogues 16 . 30 rene ahn , leen kievit , gerrit rentier & margriet verlinden ( itk , tilburg ) dialogue - management & knowledge acquisition 17 . 00 geert - jan m . kruijff & jan schaake ( ut , enschede ) discerning relevant information in discourses using tfa session 2 11 . 45 walter daelemans ( itk , tilburg ) linguistics as data mining 12 . 15 annius v . groenink ( cwi , amsterdam ) mechanisms for movement 12 . 45 lunch 14 . 00 erik aarts ( ots , utrecht ) parsing and memoing in prolog 14 . 30 danny kersten & gerrit van der hoeven ( ut , enschede ) valency in casting systems 15 . 00 mettina veenstra ( rug , groningen ) a head-corner parser for the minimalist program 15 . 30 coffee break 16 . 00 koen versmissen ( ots , utrecht ) a bottom-up categorial approach to discontinuity 16 . 30 herbert ruessink ( stichting taaltechnologie , utrecht ) an extended notation for phrase-structure rules in alep 17 . 00 erik oltmans ( kun , nijmegen ) amazon in agfl . a contextfree phrase structure grammar for the structural module of the amazon / casus - system , described in the agfl - formalism session 3 11 . 45 kees van deemter ( ipo , eindhoven ) contrastive stress , contrariety and focus 12 . 15 arthur dirksen ( ipo , eindhoven ) phonological and phonetic coarticulation : the use of a metrical tree in speech synthesis 12 . 45 lunch 14 . 00 erik tjong kim sang ( rug , groningen ) applying simple recurrent networks to discovering the phonotactical knowledge of dutch 14 . 30 jan odijk ( ipo , eindhoven ) text generation without planning 15 . 00 mark van der kraan ( ruu , utrecht ) strictly compositional translation 15 . 30 coffee break 16 . 00 leen torenvliet & mart trautwein ( uva , amsterdam ) complexity of restricted attribute-value grammars 16 . 30 mart trautwein ( uva , amsterdam ) the complexity of structure sharing how to reach the campus ? > from schiphol airport , direct trains to hengelo / enschede leave every hour during daytime . in addition , trains with destination groningen / leeuwarden may also be taken ; for these , a connection train to hengelo / enschede waits in amersfoort at the other side of the same platform . in all cases , the travelling time is approximately two hours and a half . if you arrive by train , you should leave the train in hengelo , rather than in enschede ; this will shorten your trip with 10 minutes . a cheap taxi ticket ( called ` treintaxi ' ) can be bought at hengelo railway station upon arrival by showing the train ticket . the fare is fixed ( dfl 6 per person ) for every destination in the neighbourhood , but usually the taxi is to be shared with others . you could also take a bus from hengelo station to the campus ( no . 15 or 51 ) . bus no . 15 has a stop near the vrijhof building . bus no . 51 stops at the campus entrance ; it takes a 10 minutes walk from there to the vrijhof . by car , take direction enschede and in enschede follow ` universiteit ' . accommodation the nearest hotel is the drienerburght hotel at the campus of the university of twente , near the conference site ( less than 50 metres ) . the hotel phone number is + 31 53 331366 and the fax number is + 31 53 356770 . please let us know if you would like us to make a reservation for you . looking forward to seeing you all in enschede , the local organizers , anton nijholt toine anderhach
 "",0
 637,""Subject: conf : speech and language engineering
  
  twente workshop on language technology 8 ( twlt8 ) speech and language engineering location : university of twente enschede , the netherlands december 1 and 2 , 1994 workshop organized under auspices of the dutch nwo priority programme on speech and language , the special interest group on parsing technologies ( sigparse ) of the association of computational linguistics ( acl ) and the centre of telematics and information technology ( ctit ) of the university of twente . * * * * * * * * program * * * * * * * * registration from 10 . 00-10 . 55 lectures start at 10 . 55 ( order shown is not necessarily the order of presentations ) speech and language integration . loe boves , university of nijmegen , the netherlands the wallstreet journal task : unlimited vocabular , speaker independent , article dictation . christian dugast , philips , aachen , germany analysis of the dutch polyphone corpus . paul van alphen , ptt research , the netherlands spontaneous speech phenomena in naive - user interactions . paolo baggia , e . gerbino , e . giachin , & c . rullent cselt , torino , italy the potential role of prosody in automatic speech recognition . louis ten bosch , ipo , eindhoven , the netherlands assessment of speech recognition systems . h . j . m . steeneken , tno human factors research soesterberg , the netherlands the role of prosody in human speech recognition . james m . mcqueen , mpi , nijmegen , the netherlands lectures start at 0 . 900 ( order shown is not necessarily the order of presentations ) prediction and disambiguation by means of data - oriented parsing . rens bod and remko scha university of amsterdam , the netherlands the speech - language interface in the spoken language translator . david carter & manny rayner , sri international cambridge , u . k . generation of spoken monologues . k . v . deemter , j . landsbergen , r . leermakers & j . odijk , ipo , eindhoven , the netherlands simple speech recognition with little linguistic creatures . marc drossaers , university of twente enschede , the netherlands word agent based natural language processing . hermann helbig & andreas mertens fernuniversitdt hagen , germany schisma : a natural language accessible theatre information and booking system . g . f . van der hoeven et al . , university of twente enschede , the netherlands phoneme - level speech and natural language integration for agglutinative languages . geunbae lee et al . , pohang university hyoja - dong , pohang , korea on the intersection of finite state automata and definite clause grammars . gertjan van noord , alfa - informatica rug groningen , the netherlands an efficient head and left corner parser in its environment . g . veldhuijzen van zanten & r . op den akker university of twente , enschede , the netherlands time - synchronous chart parsing of speech integrating unification grammars with statistics . location the workshop will be held in the vrijhof building of the university of twente , enschede , the netherlands . more information will be obtained after registration . registration regular registration fee is dfl . 150 , . students pay dfl . 50 , . this includes lunches , refreshments , proceedings and an informal reception . payment should be done on site . yes , i registrate for twlt8 : speech& language engineering on december 1 and 2 , 1994 ; regular registration fee dfl . 150 , - ; student fee dfl . 50 , . payment can be done on site . name address : < use as many lines you need > student : yes no help with hotel accommodation : yes no for more information contact the organizing secretariat : bijron @ cs . utwente . nl or hoogvlie @ cs . utwente . nl . the secretariat provides also information about hotel accommodation and can make reservations .
 "",0
 638,""Subject: conference announcement
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * first announcement * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * groningen assembly on language acquisition 1995 university of groningen the netherlands 7 - 9 september 1995 the conference aims to bring together researchers willing to discuss the merits and constraints of different theoretical approaches to language acquisition , in particular generative linguistics , constructionism , dynamic systems modelling , and connectionism . invited speakers harald clahsen university of essex annette karmiloff - smith mrc cog dev unit london kim plunkett university of oxford luigi rizzi university of geneva paul van geert university of groningen a first call for papers and conference preregistration will appear in february 1995 . the abstracts-deadline will be april 30 , 1995 . abstracts may cover all aspects of language acquisition rela - ting to the core areas of linguistics , including phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics and the interfaces . selection of abstracts will be based on not only their quality but also their potential to contribute to the conference 's interactive objective . for further information : charlotte koster , frank wijnen gala 1995 coordinators university of groningen , dutch dept . postbus 716 9700 as groningen , the netherlands e-mail : gala95 @ let . rug . nl fax : + 31 50 634900 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",0
 639,""Subject: ii jornadas de linguistica aborigen
  
  ii jornadas de linguistica aborigen buenos aires , argentina 15-18 de noviembre de 1994 facultad de filosofia y letras instituto de linguistica comision organizadora ana gerzenstein ana fernandez garay lucia golluscio pedro viegas barros yolanda gutierrez secretaria : susana b . andreotta programa de actividades academicas pre-jornadas seminario de doctorado . dr . christos clairis . """" sintaxis funcional con aplicacion a las lenguas indoamericanas """" curso . dr . rodolfo cerron palomino . """" politicas linguisticas """" programa de actividades de las jornadas 1a . jornada . martes 15 de noviembre acreditacion y apertura trabajo en comisiones comision 1 . linguistica descriptiva . censabella , marisa . primeras conclusiones acerca de la dinamica del sistema fonologico de la lengua toba garcia-medall , joaquin . transitivizacion prefijal en guarani gualdieri , beatriz . acerca de la vibrante en mocovi ( guaycuru ) martinez webster , m . ethel . los sustantivos """" construidos """" en la lengua miskitu comision 2 . linguistica historico-comparativa y dialectologia . aguiar , maria sueli de . classificacao das linguas pano guzman betancourt , ignacio . para una historia de la nocion de dialecto referida a las lenguas amerindias porto cavalcante , marita y luiz mauricio rios . estudo fonologico contrastivo : xavante x xerente veloso borges , m nica . diferencas entre a fala feminina e a masculina na lingua karaja comision 3 . educacion bilingue e intercultural . gonzalez perez , benjamin . lineamientos de una propuesta para una educacion bilingue en mexico messineo , cristina . cartillas de alfabetizacion y libros de lectura . descontextualizacion y recontextualizacion de los discursos toba pires , nadia nascimento . a educacao na lingua djeoromitxi ( jabuti ) yapita , juan de dios . bilingue o liwinki ? problemas de traduccion aymara-castellano en los materiales de ensenanza de educacion bilingue e intercultural 2a . jornada . miercoles 16 de noviembre trabajo en comisiones ( continuacion ) comision 4 . politicas linguisticas . drumond mendes barros , maria c . uma modalidade de pergunta missionaria mercado lobos , estela h . replanteo del estudiodel huarpe , lengua amerindia sudamericana desaparecida en los siglos xvii-xviii quiroga salcedo , cesar e . presupuestos para elestudio linguistico del huarpe diaz-fernandez , antonio e . la antroponimia aborigen oficial de la provincia del chubut comision 5 . lenguas en contacto . alvarez-santullano busch , pilar y constantino contreras . el castellano hablado por huilliches . fernandez lavaque , ana m . dos quechuismos morfosintacticos en extincion en el espanol del area de salta ( noroeste argetino ) ibanez caselli , maria a . sobre los usos de la lengua madre en una situacion de bilinguismo . el caso del toba en el barrio las malvinas , la plata wright , pablo . cosmologia , ritual y cambio decodigo . una experiencia toba comision 6 . analisis de textos . arnold , denise y . las canciones a los animales por las mujeres del altiplano boliviano : tecnicas dememoria en una tradicion oral balmayor , emilce . textualidad vs . sucesion en el cuento ranquel bentes , anna christina y nadia nascimento pires . analise de textos mitologicos em djeoromitxi golluscio , lucia y claudia briones . discurso y metadiscurso como procesos de produccion cultural mesa redonda muerte de lenguas . panelistas : dres . willem adelaar , christos clairis y ana fernandez garay . moderadora : dra . ana gerzenstein trabajo en comisiones ( continuacion ) comision 1a . linguistica descriptiva . bigot , margot . lexemas verbales de la lengua qom ( toba ) : expresion del espacio fernandez garay , ana v . la posesion en tehuelche . liuzzi , silvio m . la oclusion glotal inicial . algunos casos en avan ' serafini , mirta h . y lidia n . bruno . relaciones estructurales lexicas en verbos denominales y deadjetivales mapuches comision 2a . linguistica historica-comparativa y dialectologia . armatto de welti , zulema ines . analisiscontrastivos de los morfemos pararradicales : marcascircunfijos postfijos del guarani yopara y del goyano diaz de martinez , lucinda del c . sentido religioso en antroponimos de humahuaca en el siglo xviii nunes , jose h . el concepto de letra y las reglas ortograficas en el """" arte """" de jose de anchieta viegas barros , j . pedro . la reconstruccion de los personales en proto-chon comision 5a . lenguas en contacto . de granda , german . dos procesos paralelos de modificacion distribucional por contacto en el noroeste y nordeste argentinos . las construcciones verbales causativas martorell de laconi , susana . fenomenos sintacticos en el espanol del n . o . a . posibles interferencias del quichua colonial pereira , maria c . um estudo linguistico da interfer nca lexical e fonologica na fala dos guias turisticos em foz de iguacu postigo de de bedia , ana m . y lucinda del c . diaz de martinez . el incierto destino del bilinguismo quechua-espanol en jujuy conferencia plenaria dr . wiliem f . h . adelaar : """" raices linguisticas del quechua de santiago del estero """" . 3a . jornada . jueves 17 de noviembre . trabajo en comisiones ( continuacion ) comision 1b . linguistica descriptiva . damaso vieira , marcia . a derivacao da incorporacao nominal em tupinamba ( tupi - guarani ) dorigo , carmen t . marcas aspecto-temporais na lingua matses ( pano ) gerzenstein , ana . lengua maka . el sistema tiempo , aspecto , modo martin , eusebia h . aspectos fonologicos de la lengua chimane comision 5b . lenguas en contacto . grosser lerner , eva . acerca de la traducibilidad de las lenguas indigenas postigo de de bedia , ana m . la enunciacion negativa en bilingues de quechua y espanol unamuno , virginia . hacia una descripcion del proceso de sustitucion linguistica en un barrio marginal del gran buenos aires zigaran , julia . lenguas en contacto : espanol-lenguas aborigenes en la provincia de salta comision 6a . analisis de textos . clemente de souza , tania c . enunciacao e oralidade : um estudo em textos bakairi ( carib ) kuramochi , yosuke y maria e . merino dickinson . proposicion teorico-metodologica para la traduccion de manifestaciones verbales indigenas : el caso del mapudungun merino dickinson , maria e . . calidad e intencion de la palabra en dos textos orales mapuches perez rasetti , carlos . sintaxis narrativa y nocion de historia en relatos de origen tehuelche meridional conferencia plenaria dr . rodolfo cerron palomino . """" tendencias actuales de la linguistica andina """" . trabajo en comisiones ( continuacion ) comision 1c . linguistica descriptiva . braunstein , jose . una hipotesis sobre un pidgin chaqueno guimaraes romankevicius costa , raquel . manifestacoes da ergatividade em marubo ( pano ) juliao , maria r . s . as classes de palavras emanambe orellana m . de quineche , amanda . toponimia de la provincia de juli ( puno - peru ) . analisis morfologico comision 5c . lenguas en contacto . bravo , domingo a . penetracion guarani en la linguistica santiaguena martinez , angelita . variacion linguistica y etnopragmatica : dos caminos paralelos perez saez , vicente y fanny perez saez . mapa etnolinguistico de la republica argentina . informe ruminawi . rasgos quechuizantes en el espanol del n . o . a : el pronombre enfatico / """" que """" comision 7 . lexicografia bilingue . fernandez , maria del r . y rodolfo r . hachen . de las categorias lexicas al universo simbolico stroppa , maria cecilia . el guarani goyano y la necesidad de un diccionario adecuado mesa redonda """" educacion bilingue e intercultural """" . panelistas : profs . cesar fernandez , benjamin gonzalez perez , cristina messineo y lic . pablo wright . moderadora : dra . lucia a . golluscio 4a . jornada . viernes 18 de noviembre . trabajo en comisiones ( continuacion ) comision 1d . linguistica descriptiva . corbera mori , angel . a queda de vogais noaguaruna ( jivaro ) faco soares , marilia . ritmo e tom em tikuna guerra , ana maria . sintematica yagan comision 3a . educacion bilingue e intercultural . acuna , leonor y andrea menegotto . dativos sin """" a """" y verbos pronominales sin """" se """" en el espanol de areamapuche araujo , leopoldina m . educacao diferenciada , fundamento da cidadania na amaz nia currulef , cesar a . y elena n . pizzio . anteproyecto de escuela de educacion bilingue . konumpan / ( """" traerlo a la memoria """" ) malvestiti , marisa . lengua y cultura mapuche en rio negro . conceptualizacion desde el sistema educativo conferencia plenaria dra . yolanda lastra : """" avances en la investigacion sobre lenguas indigenas en mexico en los ultimos diez anos """" . """" musica e identidad : los rituales religiosos de los mbya ( guaranies ) de la argentina """" . conferencia a cargo de la etnomusicologa lic . irma ruiz , con ilustraciones musicales cine antropologico ( videos ) panel de clausura 18 : 00 balance y perspectivas de la linguistica aborigen . propuestas para la creacion de una sociedad que reuna a los estudiosos de este campo . panelistas : pilar alvarez santullano , margot bigot , lidia bruno , tania clemente de souza , yolanda lastra , cesar quiroga salcedo , amanda orellana de quineche , juan de dios yapita . moderador : lic . pedro viegas barros informes e inscripcion instituto de linguistica - facultad de filosofia y letras universidad de buenos aires 25 de mayo 221 , 1o . piso ( 1002 ) buenos aires argentina telefono : 54-343 - 1196 , 342-5922 , 334-7512 fax : ( 54 ) ( 1 ) 343-2733 lunes a viernes de 10 a 19 hs . nomina de expositores por paises 1 . argentina 1a . capital federal y gran buenos aires acuna , leonor . arcos 1524 , 1426 capital federal . balmayor , emilce . gral . martinez 1457 , 1426 capital federal briones , claudia . rivadavia 5141 ( 13 """" d """" ) , 1424 capital federal . fernandez garay , ana v . peru 1 . 098 ( 4 """" g """" ) , 1068 capital federal gerzenstein , ana . laprida 1 . 224 ( 11 """" a """" ) , 1425 capital federal . golluscio , lucia . diaz velez 285 , ( depto . 43 ) , 1870 avellaneda . martin , eusebia h . mendiondo 1347 , 1830 luis guillon . martinez , angelita . esmeralda 1038 ( 1er . p ) , 1007 capital federal . messineo , cristina . cochrane 3151 , 1419 capital federal . unamuno , virginia . franciso beiro 1175 , 1602 florida . viegas barros , j . pedro . balbastro 3392 , 1754 san justo . wright , pablo . carlos casares 1357 , 1644 victoria . 1 . b . interior buenos aires ibanez caselli , maria a . calle 10 , no 1206 , 1900 la plata . menegotto , andrea , boulevard maritimo 3155 ( 5to . """" 19 """" ) , 5600 mar del plata . cordoba martinez webster , maria e . san martin 141 , 5900 villa maria . ruminawi . 27 de abril 849 ( p . b . """" d """" ) , 5000 cordoba . chubut diaz - fernandez , antonio e . casilla 61 , 9200 esquel . formosa braunstein , jose . casilla 14 , 3630 las lomitas . jujuy diaz de martinez , lucinda del c . otero 262 , 4600 san salvador de jujuy . postigo de de bedia , ana m . otero 262 , 4600 san salvador de jujuy . neuquen bruno , lidia n . salvatori 50 , mod . d2 , pb """" b """" , 8300 - neuquen . fernandez , cesar . san martin 1474 , 8324 - cipolletti . serafini , mirta h . los gladiolos 546 , 8300 - neuquen . rio negro currulef , cesar a . juana borna 1656 , 8500 viedma . malvestiti , marisa . casilla de correo 6 , 8418 ing . jacobacci . pizzio , elena n . gobernador castello 178 , 8500 viedma . salta fernandez lavaque , ana m . gral . juan c . sanchez 743 , ciudad del milagro , 4400 salta . martorell de laconi , susana . santiago del estero 556 , 4400 salta . perez saez , fanny . hipolito irigoyen 63 , 4400 salta . perez saez , vicente . hipolito irigoyen 63 , 4400 salta . zigaran , julia . santiago del estero 354 , 4400 salta . san juan mercado lobos , estela h . instituto de investigaciones linguisticas y filologicas , universidad nacional de san juan , avda . jose i . de la roza 235 ( oeste ) , 5400 san juan . quiroga salcedo , cesar e . instituto de investigaciones linguisticas y filologicas , universidad nacional de san juan , avda . jose i . de la roza 235 ( oeste ) , 5400 san juan . santa cruz perez rasetti , carlos . lisandro de la torre 860 , 9400 riogallegos . santa fe armatto de welti , zulema i . mendoza 1349 ( 7 """" a """" ) , 2000 rosario . bigot , margot . avda libertad 336 ( piso 9 ) , 2000 rosario . censabella , marisa . san martin 507 ( 7 , """" 7 """" ) , 2000 rosario . fernandez , maria del r . lisandro de la torre 757 , 2152 granadero baigorria . hachen , rodolfo r . lisandro de la torre 757 , 2152 granadero baigorria . stroppa , maria c . 3 de febrero 3653 , 2000 rosario . santiago del estero bravo , domingo . san carlos 176 , 4300 la banda . 2 . exterior bolivia yapita , juan de dios . ilca , casilla 2681 , la paz . arnold , denise y . ilca , casilla 2681 , la paz . brasil aguiar , maria sueli de . rua republica do libano , 2311 ap . 402 , setor oeste , goi nia , goias . araujo , leopoldina m . avda . gov . jose malcher 2020-1501 , 66060-230 belem , para . bentes , anna ch . avda . bernardo sayao s / no . , belem , para . clemente de souza , tania c . rua lara vilela 126 , sao domingos , niteroi , 24210 - rio de janeiro . corbera mori , angel . rua luiz vicentim 302 , barao geraldo , 13084-600 campinas , sao paulo . damaso vieira , marcia . quinta da boa vista , sao cristovao , 20940-040 rio de janeiro . dorigo , carmen t . quinta da boa vista , sao cristovao , 20940-040 rio de janeiro . drumond mendes barros , maria c . rua barao de triunfo 3111 , casa 6 , 66093-050 marco - belem - para . faco soares , marilia . quinta da boa vista , sao cristovao , 20940-040 rio de janeiro . gualdieri , c . beatriz . rua angelo vicentim 117 , fundos , barao geraldo , 13084-230 campinas , sao paulo . guimaraes romankevicius costa , r . quinta da boa vista , saocristovao , 20940-040 rio de janeiro . juliao , maria r . s . rua itupiranga 56 , 66600-330 , belem , para . nunes , jose h . rua francisco pereira coutinho 151 , ap . 62 a , 13088-100 campinas , sao paulo . pereira , maria c . jose vicente r . correa , foz do iguacu , parana . pires , nadia n . museu paraense emilio goeldi , av . magalhaes barata , 66040 belem , para . p rto cavalcante , marita . rua 17 - a , 646 , apto . 102 - s . aerop . , 74070100 , goi nia , goias . rios , luiz m . rua 17 - a , 646 , apto . 102 - s . aerop . 74070100 , goi nia , goias . veloso borges , m nica . rua 15 , 56v . pai eterno , 75380000 , trindade , goias . chile alvarez - santullano busch , pilar . depto . de humanidades y arte , universidad de los lagos , casilla 933 , osorno . contreras , constantino . universidad de la frontera , casilla54 - d , temuco . guerra , ana m . etchevers 571 ( depto . 40 """" b """" ) , vina del mar . kuramochi , yosuke . avda . alemania 0422 , cp 15 - d , temuco . merino dickinson , maria e . avda . alemania 0422 , cp 15 - d , temuco . espana de granda , german . facultad de filosofia y letras , universidad de valladolid , 47002 valladolid . garcia medall , joaquin . c / de las angustias , 11 , p . 7 , cp 47003 vallodolid . francia clairis , christos , 5 rue vercingetorix , 75014 paris . liuzzi , silvio m . 44 , rue de l ' amiral mouchez , 75014 paris . holanda adelaar , willem f . h . vakgroep vtw , pb 9515 , 2300 leiden - nl . mexico gonzalez perez , benjamin . museo nacional de antropologia , paseo de la reforma y gandhi , 11560 mexico df . grosser lerner , eva . museo nacional de antropologia , paseo de la reforma y gandhi , 11560 mexico df . guzman betancourt , ignacio . museo nacional de antropologia , paseo de la reforma y gandhi , 11560 mexico df . lastra , yolanda . instituto de investigaciones antropologicas , unam , c . u . , delegacion coyoacan , 04510 mexico df . peru cerron palomino , rodolfo . universidad nacional mayor de san marcos , a . p . no . 210035 , lima 21 . orellana m . de quineche , amanda . universidad ricardo palma , apartado postal 14-0316 , lima . nomina de lenguas objeto de estudio aguaruna ( peru : fam . jivaro ) aimara ( peru , bolivia , chile , argentina ; fam . aimara ) allentiac : vease huarpe anambe ( brasil ; fam . tupi - guarani ) aonek ' enk : vease tehuelche araucano : vease mapudungun avane ' : vease guarani aymara : vease aimara bakairi ( fam . caribe ) chimane ( bolivia ; fam . moseten ) djeoromitxi ( brasil ; fam . yabuti ) guarani ( paraguay , argentina , uruguay : fam . tupi - guarani ) guarani goyano : vease guarani huarpe ( argentina ; fam . huarpe ) huilliche : vease mapudungun karaya ( brasil ; fam . karaya ) maka ( paraguay ; fam . mataguayo ) mapuche : vease mapudungun mapudungun ( chile , argentina ; fam . mapudungun ) mapuzungun : vease mapudungun marubo ( brasil : fam . pano ) matses ( brasil : fam . pano ) millcayac : vease huarpe miskitu ( nicaragua , honduras ; fam . misumalpa ) mocovi ( argentina ; fam . guaicuru ) ona : vease selknam pano , familia ( peru , brasil , bolivia ) parkat j ( brasil ; fam . ye ) qom : vease toba quechua ( peru , bolivia , argentina , ecuador , colombia ; fam . quechua ) : quichua : vease quechua ranquel : vease mapudungun selknam ( argentina , chile ; fam . chon ) tehuelche ( argentina , chile ; fam . chon ) tehuelche meridional : vease tehuelche tikuna ( brasil , colombia , peru ; fam . tikuna ) timbira : vease parkat j toba ( argentina , paraguay , bolivia ; fam . guaicuru ) tupi ( brasil : fam . tupi - guarani ) tupinamba : vease tupi xavante ( brasil ; fam . ye ) xerente ( brasil ; fam . ye ) yagan ( chile , argentina ; fam . yagan ) yamana : vease yagan yopara : vease guarani ultimas publicaciones del instituto de linguistica facultad de filosofia y letras universidad de buenos aires actas . primeras jornadas de linguistica aborigen . 6 y 7 de octubre de 1992 . 1993 . ed . a cargo de j . pedro viegas barros lengua maka . estudio descriptivo . 1994 . por : ana gerzenstein . coleccion : """" nuestra america """" , no . 1 signo & sena . revista del instituto de linguistica . 1992 . no . 1 . discurso / historia . 1993 . no . 2 . el habla visual . linguistica de las lenguas de senas . coordinadora : maria ignacia massone 1994 . no . 3 . etnolinguistica . pueblos y lenguas en la america aborigen . coordinadora : ana gerzenstein temas de linguistica aborigen . 1991 . coordinacion y presentacion : ana gerzenstein jose angel alvarez postmast @ lingui . uba . edu . ar
 "",0
 640,""Subject: job advertisment for computational linguists and lexicographers
  
  we are a translation company based in barcelona specialising in machine translation . at the moment we are working on a machine translation project to translate from spanish to english and we need a computational linguist and a lexicographer to complete the team . we would be grateful if you could publicise the job requirements and pass on the information to any other potential sources of candidates for the posts . the jobs are for 16 - 18 months , depending on when the canddates start work . the requirements for the posts are as follows : computational linguist a university qualification in computational linguistics and practical experience in computer programming . either a native english speaker with a high level of written spanish ( preferably with a degree in spanish ) , or a native spanish speaker with a high level of written english ( proficiency or a degree in english ) experience in projects involving computational linguistics , especially machine translation , an advantage . lexicographer fluent in english and spanish , preferably bilingual . linguistic awareness and familiarity with the grammar of both languages . experience in working with computers at user level . experience in compiling technical dictionaries and in translating technical texts an advantage . applicants should send their curriculum vitae and a letter of introduction in both spanish and english to : incyta s . l . c . lluis muntadas , 5 08940 cornella spain or via e-mail to : incyta @ incyta . es thanking you in advance incyta s . l .
 "",0
 641,""Subject: announcement of opening
  
  contingent upon funding , a tenure-track position in spanish / french at california state university , los angeles , fall 95 . phd / abd in spanish or romance linguistics . native or near-native proficiency in both languages ; fluent english . ability to teach courses in language , civ . , and lit . in both spanish and french . priority to candidates with competence in colonial and 19th century latin american literature and french linguistics . assistant / associate . letter of app . , cv , min 3 letters to : joseph chrzanowski , chair department of modern languages & literatures california state university , los angeles 5151 state university drive los angeles , ca 90032-8112 applications accepted until position filled . completed applications received by december 15 , 1995 to be considered for interview at mla .
 "",0
 642,""Subject: job announcement
  
  position announcement french lexicographer compuserve , the world 's largest online information service is seeking a part-time ( approx . 15 hours per week ) french lexicographer to assist in development of its online english - french machine translation service . the french lexicographer will perform the following duties : collect and analyze english and french text samples to identify new terminology . evaluate proposed terminology additions for machine translation software , assess frequency of usage and contexts , develop dictionary entry research translations for new terminology code new terminology and grammatical characteristics for machine translation software . conduct performance and quality test procedures for added terminology in various contexts . identify , analyze and resolve various levels of dictionary problems through analysis of output and edits to machine translation dictionary . identify and record system software problems for submission to software developer . qualifications : the candidate should be a native speaker of french with fluency in english and knowledge of linguistics and grammar . the candidate should be familiar with french computer terminology . a bachelor 's degree in linguistics is preferred , but a college senior with strong qualifications would be considered . the candidate must also have good verbal , written and interpersonal skills in english and an aptitude for detail and accuracy . knowledge of unix , and computational lexicography experience with machine translation , or experience involving a related natural language processing project are desirable . salary : commensurate with experience . contact information : please mail , email or fax resume to : dr . mary flanagan group leader , natural language technologies compuserve 2 university office park , suite 212 51 sawyer road waltham , ma 02154 mflanagan @ csi . compuserve . com t : 617-893 - 2758 f : 617-893 - 7727
 "",0
 643,""Subject: 
  
  the latest issue ( 1994 n01 ) of etudes de lettres the publication of the faculty of letters of the university of lausanne has appeared , and is devoted to linguistics : """" les sciences du langage : enjeux et perspectives """" . contents : patrick seriot : preface . jean - michel adam : passe simple et passe compose , une opposition temporelle ou enonciative ? anne - claude berthoud : paroles a propos . anne dutka : pour une analyse linguistique du discour de la critique litteraire . morteza mahmoudian : mythes et realites en semantique . lorenza mondada : quelques enjeux d ' une approche discursive des faits de langue . marianne kilani-schoch : linguistique et aphasie . patrick seriot : aux sources du structuralisme : une controverse biologique en russie . frangois rosset , catherine seylaz-dubuis : ceci n ' est pas un texte : parcours bibliographique vers une definition du texte . claude sandoz : une discipline carrefour : la linguistique indo-europeenne . chronique annuelle de la faculte des lettres . this issue can be ordered from etudes de lettres , universite de lausanne , bfsh2 , ch-1015 lausanne for the price of frs 18 . - ( swiss francs ) . e - mail : troessle @ ulys . unil . ch
 "",0
 644,""Subject: 
  
  romance ling davis , stuart @ napoli , donna jo a prosodic template in historical change : the passage of the latin second conjugation into romance 1994 170pp . paperbound approx . usd 30 rosenberg & sellier via andrea doria 14 , i-10123 torino ( credit card accepted ) the book offers a novel approach to a longstanding problem , the demise of the latin 2nd conjugation . the authors show that a prosodic analysis may account for the historical change that occurred in italianm romanian , french , provencal , catalan , and several raeto - romance dialects . it is a successful application of prosodic morphology to a diachronic problem . fax : + + 39 / ( 0 ) 50 / 563513 i-56126 pisa / / / / / syntax the syntax and pragmatics of anaphora a study with special reference to chinese ( cambridge studies in linguistics 70 ) cambridge university press yan huang department of linguistics , university of reading this book develops a pragmatic theory of anaphora within the neo - gricean framework of conversational implicature . chomsky claims that anaphora reflects underlying principles of innate universal grammar , and the view is widely held that only syntactic and semantic factors are crucial to intrasentential anaphora . yan huang questions the basis of the government and binding approach and argues that syntax and pragmatics are interconnected in determining many anaphoric processes . furthermore , he proposes that the extent to which syntax and pragmatics interact varies typologically . there exists a class of language ( such as chinese , japanese and korean ) in which pragmatics plays a central role that in familiar european languages is alleged to be played by grammar . yan huang 's pragmatic theory has far-reaching implications for this important issue in theoretical linguistics . 1994 , 349 pp . hardback 0 521 41887 9 dwivedi , veena . ( university of massachusetts , amherst ) ; syntactic dependencies and relative phrases in hindi , pb . xvii + 249 pp . ph . d . dissertation , 1994 . $ 16 + s / h ( $ 3 domestic , $ 4 foreign surface ) . graduate linguistic student association ( glsa ) , university of massachusetts , amherst . this dissertation explores various syntactic dependencies from relative phrases in hindi . in addition to scrambling , topicalisation and left dislocation , topic dislocation is recognized . this non-movement relation is limited to referential nps which are related to null pronominals ; because no movement is involved , topic dislocation is not subject to subjancency . several cases of asymmetric coordination , including correlatives and ' that ' clauses , are also explored in detail . for further information , contact glsa @ linguist . umass . edu . phonology sherer , tim d . ( university of massachusetts , amherst ) ; prosodic phonotactics , pb . xiii + 225 pp . ph . d . dissertation , 1994 . $ 16 + s / h ( $ 3 domestic , $ 4 foreign surface ) . graduate linguistic student association ( glsa ) , university of massachusetts , amherst . this dissertation deals with the possibility of having syllable final consonants , including geminate consonants , and the interaction of such consonants with syllable weight and vowel length , by means of the moraic tier . the goal of this work is to have the range of patterns of consonant occurrence and vowel length follow from simple patterns in simple interactions . predictions about possible phonological patterns are made via the interaction of simple constraints in optimality theory . extensive treatments of over-filled ( hypercharacterized ) syllables , appendix consonants and gemination are provided . rosenthall , sam . ( university of massachusetts , amherst ) ; vowel / glide alternation in a theory of constraint interaction , pb . viii + 243 pp . ph . d . dissertation , 1994 . $ 16 + s / h ( $ 3 domestic , $ 4 foreign surface ) . graduate linguistic student association ( glsa ) , university of massachusetts , amherst . this work examines the distribution of high vowels and glides using optimality theory . the distribution of high vowels and glides is shown to be a consequence of simultaneously comparing moraic and nonmoraic syllabifications of high vowels for satisfaction of phonological constraints . three main phenomena are investigated : the syllabification of vowel sequences in languages with only surface monophthongal vowels , the interaction of stress and high vowel distribution , and the phenomenon of glide vocalization . for further information , contact glsa @ linguist . umass . edu .
 "",0
 645,""Subject: special issues
  
  names , the journal of the american name society , is planning two special issues for late 1995 or early 1996 . the first is on ' computers in onomastic research , ' and the second ' statistics in onomastic research . ' if you would like to contribute to one ( or both ) of these special issues , send a 1 - page idea paper to the editor at the address below . nothing has to be definite at this time , but i would expect that both issues would deal with problems faced in name research and how computers ( and statistics ) could contribute to solving them . i put a similar notice on the american name society list and found that there was wide-spread interest in both areas . so if you would like to contribute , send the idea paper to me shortly , by either hard copy , fax or email . edward callary , editor , editor , names english department northern illinois university dekalb , il 60116 fax : 815-753 - 0606 email : tb0exc1 @ mvs . cso . niu . edu ( make sure you type zero rather than o after tb ) i hope to hear from people from a variety of disciplines who have an interest in names . please let me know if you have questions or comments .
 "",0
 646,""Subject: cartoons
  
  i am currently undertaking research on the visual aspects of cartoons , and would like to get hold of some examples of cartoons published outside the uk . can anyone help by sending me some ? ( i ' m happy to refund postage ) . any style , genre , language - from newspapers , magazines , childrens ' comics . . . thanks in advance to anyone who can help . e-mail for queries = s . goodman @ open . ac . uk snail mail = school of education , open university , walton hall , milton keynes mk7 6aa , england , uk .
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 647,""Subject: spanish terms
  
  i am looking for the spanish translations of the following terms and wonder if anyone can help me : - tense / lax ( vowel ) - extrametrical - heavy / light ( syllable ) - ( syllable ) weight - onset , coda , rhyme - ( phonological ) government - interlanguage thanks in advance for your help . my e-mail address is : archibal @ acs . ucalgary . ca - - john archibald department of linguistics university of calgary phone : ( 403 ) 220-7316 e - mail : archibal @ acs . ucalgary . ca
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 648,""Subject: * both . . . and
  
  i discovered in a class yesterday that most of my younger undergraduates rejected both as a correlative conjunction , as in ( 1 ) , while allowing either . . . or without any complaints at all . ( 1 ) a john both drinks wine and smokes cigars . b john drinks both wine and beer . they were both clear and unanimous . has anyone else found this ? is it a change , or has both . . . and always been the kind of thing you only learned by reading lots of books ( which our youngsters do n't do ) ? dick hudson dept of phonetics and linguistics , university college london , gower street , london wc1e 6bt uclyrah @ ucl . ac . uk
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 649,""Subject: top 10 bibliographies
  
  i am looking for the all-time - bar-none best bibliographies on the broad and general topic of linguistics . not narrowly defined by anything . if you have a suggestion for me please respond and tell me where i can find it , either in print or on the internet somewhere . thanks in advance ! ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ p e a r l b e r t r a n d gallagher law library internet : bertrand @ u . washington . edu condon hall jb-20 voice : ( 206 ) 548-9456 1100 ne campus parkway fax : 206-548 - 9458 seattle , wa 98105 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
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 650,""Subject: searching for west african and indian texts
  
  dear colleagues , we are doing some research on world englishes which will compare the short story fiction rhetorical style of the following groups : west african male writers west african female writers indian ( sub-continent ) male writers indian ( sub-coninent ) female writers we would like to use short stories written within the last ten years ( 1984-1994 ) and need help creating a database . so , we are looking for the following . names and publication data for : 1 ) female and male writers from india who write in english 2 ) female and male writers from west africa who write in english as well as 3 ) any information regarding contrastive rhetoric , especially comparing the varieties listed above thank you for your help bill eggington wendy baker * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dr . william eggington 3164 jkhb , english department brigham young university , provo , utah 84604 u . s . a . ph : ( 801 ) 378-3483 fax : ( 801 ) 378-4649 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",0
 651,""Subject: optimality bibliography
  
  version 1 . 5 of the bibliography of work on optimality theory is available by anonymous ftp from ruccs . rutgers . edu ( see the file readme in the directory pub / ot / texts ) . various word-processing formats are provided . persons unable to use ftp can request an ascii version of the bibliography by sending an e-mail request to jmccarthy @ linguist . umass . edu . please include """" optimality bibliography """" in the subject line of your message . the bibliography includes references to approximately 150 papers and 70 handouts . john mccarthy & alan prince moderators ' note : the readme file is available in world wide web through the """" linguistic datasources """" link in the header of the web version of linguist .
 "",0
 652,""Subject: new mailing list ( nynorsk )
  
  there is a new mailing list for people using or interested in nynorsk ( """" new norwegian """" ) : """" internettet maallag """" . as nynorsk is a minority language with low presitige the intention of the list is to serve as a meeting point for """" nynorskers """" on the net . this is also reflected in the name of the list : """" maallag """" ( ' language association ' ) is a word used by many nynorsk organisations , most of which are regional branches of noregs maallag ( but not all of them ) . it will of course not be of interest to subscribe to the list if you do n't understand ( new ) norwegian . to subscribe to internettet maallag write to < iml-request @ math . uio . no > . jardar eggesboe abrahamsen jardar @ nvg . unit . no noreg heiter landet .
 "",0
 653,""Subject: cognitive science technical reports from ircs
  
  the institute for research in cognitive science publishes a series of technical reports , representing papers drawn from the fields of computer and information science , linguistics , mathematics , neuroscience , philosophy , and psychology . bound versions of the technical reports are available from the institute for a small fee , while on-line versions of all current ( 1994 ) technical reports are freely available on-line . attached is a list of abstracts for recently published papers . the entire abstract list will be submitted to the linguist listserv as a file . requests for technical-reports should be sent to : jodi kerper institute for research in cognitive science 3401 walnut street suite 400c philadelphia , pa 19104-6228 requests for copies should include a check or money order made payable to """" trustees of the university of pennsylvania . """" on - line versions of the reports may be obtained via anonymous ftp from the address ftp . cis . upenn . edu in the directory pub / ircs / technical-reports . the reports are stored as compressed postscript files and are listed by tr number . the reports may also be obtained through electronic mail by sending the message """" send guide """" to ircsserv @ ftp . cis . upenn . edu . you will receive a reply containing a guide on using the information server program . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = recent ircs reports = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ircs-tr - 1991-1994 technical report series abstract listing , 1991-1994 ( this report contains a list of all technical papers and abstracts , including papers from 1991-1993 ) . no charge ircs-94 - 14 $ 3 . 69 a general framework for hybrid substructural categorial logics mark hepple some recent categorial proposals have employed structural modalities , modal operators which allow explicit management of resource sensitivity in linguistic derivation . various theoretical , computational and practical problems arise for the use of such operators . i propose an alternative general model of hybrid substructural systems , in which different substructural logics ( i . e . logics differing in their resource usage characteristics ) are brought together into a single system , and which eliminates the need of structural modalities by exploiting natural relations between different substructural levels in terms of the relative informativeness of their characterizations . under this model , the range of substructural levels form a single unified descriptive system , which should facilitate writing grammars for individual languages , and provide a better basis for cross-linguistic generalization . ircs-94 - 15 $ 1 . 05 binding and control in ccg and its relatives mark steedman the ccg account of the unbounded constructions - in particular , relativisation and coordination - generalizes the notion of surface structure in a way that disrupts traditional notions of dominance and command . this has led researchers in other frameworks to suggest that the theory is fundamentally incompatible with a coherent theory of binding and control - the bounded constructions . the present paper offers a theory of binding in ccg which preserves the original account of the unbounded dependencies , and which renders it immediately compatible with other theories , tag in particular . the theory requires the abandonment of one assumption that has been traditional ( though not essential ) in other categorial approaches . the significance of the move is discussed . ircs-94 - 16 $ 3 . 66 null subjects in early child english and the theory of economy of projection tom roeper bernhard rohrbacher in this paper , we present new evidence showing that some of the empty subjects produced by young children acquiring english cannot be subsumed under the performance limitation analysis of bloom ( 1990 ) or the topic - drop analysis of rizzi ( 1994 ) . we argue contra sano & hyams ( 1994 ) that these missing subjects are instances of pro , not pro , and demonstrate that the economy-based pro-drop theory of speas ( 1994 ) handles our data in an elegant fashion . the analysis we propose links the acquisition of subjects to the acquisition of functional morphology , in accordance with the minimalist program developed since chomsky ( 1989 ) . one desirable consequence of the approach taken here is that no recourse to a pro-drop parameter is necessary . ircs-94 - 17 $ 3 . 41 kolmogorov complexity and the information content of parameters robin clark a key goal of linguistic theory is to account for the logical problem of language acquisition . in particular , linguistic constraints can be taken as constraining the learner 's hypothesis space and , so , reducing its computational burden . in this paper , i will motivate an information theoretic approach to explaining some linguistic constraints . in particular , the theory attempts to relate ease of acquisition with the simplicity of linguistic representations and their frequency in the learner 's input text . to this end , the paper reviews some results in information theory and kolmogorov complexity and relates them to a theory of parameters . ircs-94 - 18 $ . 87 active part - decomposition , shape and motion estimation of articulated objects : a physics - based approach ioannis a . kakadiaris dimitri metaxas ruzena bajcsy we present a novel , robust , integrated approach to segmentation shape and motion estimation of articulated objects . initially , we assume the object consists of a single part , and we fit a deformable model to the given data using our physics-based framework . as the object attains new postures , we decide based on certain criteria if and when to replace the initial model with two new models . these criteria are based on the model 's state and the given data . we then fit the models to the data using a novel algorithm for assigning forces from the data to the two models , which allows partial overlap between them and determination of joint location . this approach is applied iteratively until all the object 's moving parts are identified . furthermore , we define new global deformations and we demonstrate our technique in a series of experiments , where kalman filtering is employed to account for noise and occlusion . ircs-94 - 19 $ . 92 active motion - based segmentation of human body outlines ioannis a . kakadiaris dimitri metaxas ruzena bajcsy we present an integrated approach towards the segmentation and shape estimation of human body outlines . initially , we assume that the human body consists of a single part , and we fit a deformable model to the given data using our physics-based shape and motion estimation framework . as an actor attains different postures , new protrusions emerge in the outline . we model these changes in the shape using a new representation scheme consisting of a parametric composition of deformable models . this representation allows us to identify the underlying human parts that gradually become visible , by monitoring the evolution of shape and motion parameters of the composed models . our algorithm is applied iteratively over subsequent frames until all moving parts are identified . we demonstrate our technique in a series of experiments with very encouraging results .
 "",0
 654,""Subject: sum of chinese speech errors
  
  about 2 weeks ago i sent a query to linguist list asking for references on the topic of speech errors in chinese . thanks to all those ( 9 ) who have kindly replied with information , advice and questions . i am pleased that there are people out there who are very interested in this topic , but disappointed to find that so little research has been reportedly done in this field . i have read a few papers on errors in chinese handwriting , but not so much so on reported oral errors . to sum up the references i got so far from the linguist list : ( 1 ) shen , jiaxuan . ' kou wu lei lei ' , zhongguo yuwen , 1992 . 4 . ( 2 ) moser , david . ' slips of the tongue and pen in chinese ' , sino - platonic papers , no . 22 , 1991 . i am grateful that some responses have promised to keep looking for further references , but i am still wondering about one question that i keep asking myself : do chinese speakers make speech errors at all ? and if they do , do they err remarkably less than , say , english speakers ? thank you . yang wei dept of linguistics university of victoria
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 655,""Subject: re : 5 . 1250 language acquisition / analogy / pragmatics
  
  yes indeed , be careful when you star a sentence , you may be sentencing a star , does have meaning ! a passerby one evening in brentwood several weeks ago witnessed a cruel double murder , but his testimony , in very broken english , required the services of a professional linguist to interpret . the latter was n't sure what to make of """" i see there once o . j . simpson not . """" , so he starred the sentence . the result is [ future ] history ! - - jules levin 8 - )
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 656,""Subject: data , judgments thereon , and the teaching of linguistics
  
  in linguist 5-1247 , benji wald said > i once heard a syntactician suggest that in introductory syntax > classes certain theories . . . have to be taught as if they were > true , without attending to known fallacies in the theories . > that way the students get a foundation for learning how to make > syntactic arguments . the fallacies would then be exposed in more > advanced courses . ( would the way of making syntactic arguments > change too ? i guess whoever does n't take the more advanced syn - > tax classes can go to hell , or assume that theories of syntax do . > > to make this semi-anecdote more relevant maybe the syntactician > was insisting that introductory classes may not challenge the > grammaticality judgments used as data for an illustrative analysis > ( sound familiar ? ) . otherwise the lesson could not be taught . > that 's a form of discipline that might be hard to unlearn and hard > for the teacher to resist taking advantage of in the more advanced > courses - - any syntax teachers out there care to comment ? ( if you > do n't i ' ll say """" i thought not ! """" ) i suppose i ' m taking up benji 's gage , though i want it understood that i ' m very much in sympathy with what he has to say . i remember a little over 10 years ago i was taking a course in lexical phonology , and got into an argument with the prof . because he insisted that one of the co - rollaries of the theory was that ' people ' is inherently plural , which explained the non-existence of the overt plural ' peoples ' . i insisted that the word ' peoples ' certainly does exist and that therefore any theo - retical claim that it does n't was ipso facto falsified . ( cf . rev . vii 9 : ' a great multitude which no one could number , from every nation , from all tribes and * peoples * and languages ' . now , presumably ' people ' in this passage means something like ' ethnic group ' , and is not therefore precisely equivalent to ' people ' meaning ' many persons ' , or ' the set of all human beings ' . i would also note that one common meaning of ' universe ' is ' the set of all existing things ' , which would also imply that the word ' universes ' ought not to exist either , but it does . for one thing , there is a variant usage of ' universe ' which makes it roughly synonymous with ' galaxy ' or ' group of galaxies ' , of which of course there are many . it is also freely used in talking about ' parallel universes ' , etc . ) > from a paedagogical point of view i think it is perfectly legitimate for a linguistics teacher to say , ' here 's a bunch of strings , with attendant grammaticality judgments . what generalizations can we draw from these data ? ' we can save ourselves from the threat of the protest of a student who happens to be fluent in the language under discussion against a gram - maticality judgment by invoking the notion of ' idiolect ' and claiming ' these judgments are an accurate reflection of one particular individu - al 's own linguistic behaviour . what can we deduce about the internalized grammar of that individual ? ' this , of course , assumes that what we as linguists are concerned about is language as a psychological / cognitive phenomenon , and i believe that that is legitimate . but we are also , in my opinion legitimately , concerned about language as a social phenomenon . in which case language is not ( simply ) the property of an individual mind but of a community , and ' gram - maticality judgments ' may be different at the communal level from the individual level . i think as teachers we need to be honest with our stu - dents about this , which means allowing ourselves the luxury of a certain type or level of judgment on one occasion and a different one on another , but as much as possible each time making it clear to our students what level we ' re working at . addressing the broader issues that have come up following joseph stemberger 's posting in linguist 5-1163 , i think we also need to make clear the difference between ' grammaticality ' and ' acceptability ' judg - ments . i have an introductory lecture , prepared for a course i have as yet had no opportunity to teach , in which i attempt to explain that a given string ( e . g . , ' 3 is angry ' or ' my toothbrush is pregnant ' ) may be perfectly grammatical but semantically or pragmatically anomalous , and might be rejected for that reason , while another string ( e . g . , ' tooth - brush my am orange ' or ' there are a rabbit in garden ' ) may be fully in - terpretable and therefore not semantically anomalous but nevertheless violate certain constraints of grammar . i would be inclined to reject any claim that , as georgia green occasionally put it ( facetiously ) in class and elsewhere , ' the rules of grammar must include the rules of arithmetic and all other real-world knowledge ' . thus , if my son were to say , ' the moon is made of green cheese ' i might challenge him on the * content * of his statement , but not on its * con - struction * . dr . steven schaufele 712 west washington urbana , il 61801 217-344 - 8240 fcosws @ prairienet . org * * * * o syntagmata linguarum liberemini humanarum ! * * * * * * nihil vestris privari nisi obicibus potestis ! * * *
 "",0
 657,""Subject: language evolution context
  
  > from : gerard gautier < gauier @ cc . nsysu . edu . tw > [ interesting stuff ] > i sometimes realise that , while talking to my sister in france by > phone , i find myself unthinkingly telling her : > > """" j ' habite dans une petite hsiang derriere l ' ecole . """" ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ditto here , with english . need i describe the puzzled looks when once i let """" les achevements academiques """" slip into my french ( """" cesar achevant les prisonniers gaulois """" , par salvador dali , a la maniere de meissonnier ! ) . the case of """" hsiang """" is different , though , just as that of """" le milk-bar du coin """" ( which my wife and i constantly use ) . i expect that """" ruelle """" is not strongly associated in one 's experience with the thing , but it would be if you had been living in a french - speaking chinese town . since it is usually not french but chinese which you hear in chinese towns ( merci , monsieur de la palisse ) , """" hsiang """" is strongly associated , so much so that it creeps into even a french sentence . ditto with """" milk-bar """" in australia , and , i guess , """" trinkhalle """" in germany . the closest i can think of in french would be """" l ' arabe du coin """" , but that would be only parisian french i imagine . > so does it not mean that the evolution should depend on the education > level of people - so that it would be differential inside a society > according to , say , the social class ? well , great britain provides prime examples of cants . i have come across , a few weeks ago , """" language in the british isles """" , peter trudgill ( ed ) , cambridge university press , 1984 , isbn 0-521 - 28409 - 0 . i cannot recommend it too highly . chock - a-block full of engrossing , well-presented data , from """" rural dialects in england """" to """" romani and angloromani """" via """" shelta and polari """" . even discounting cants , i remember my father mentioning having started learning breton ( we lived in douarnenez , then with breton speakers ) , and given up after finding the breton he learnt from the fisherment was well nigh useless for communicating with the farmers . back to cants , are n't francois villon 's poems in argot incomprehensible to-day ? > - i am also aware of phenomenons of resistance to acculturative evolution > ( conscious or not ) as for the quebecquois telling , not """" un hot-dog """" as > the french do , but """" un chien chaud """" ( toubon being in my opinion but a > marginal impedement on the natural evolution , whatever direction it takes ) . . . > > - another exemple of the complexity of those issue would be the > """" rigidification """" of a language facing a threat . > ( phonology , vocabulary , syntax . . . ) . two facets of the phenomenon , is n't it ? > to resume my questions : how can we ascertain that this language > has had this reaction without having to resort to extra-linguistic > implicit hypothesis as : homogeneity through classes , identity of > evolution whatever the number of speakers would be ( lng-switching vs > creolisation . . . ) , existence ( or not ) , type , and evolution of a scripting > system ( * * ) etc . . . ? can we ? and further , can we , even resorting to extra-linguistic hypotheses ? those hypotheses seem to me post hoc , and hold only for a subset of the data . in other words , you may find counter-evidence galore if you do not blind yourself to it . further , have those hypotheses any useful predictive value ? what i mean is this : they may be significant at 99 . 99 % confidence level and beyond , yet remain useless . example : having recorded the outcomes of 100 , 000 spins at the roulette table , you find 50 . 5 % red and 49 . 5 % black , grab you pocket calculator , and yes , yes , yes , that particular roulette wheel must be biased towards red . with dreams of untold riches prodding you , you start betting on red . you might realize now that you after all you are not going to get very rich very quickly with just a 0 . 5 % edge : your ability to predict the outcome of the next spin is , for all practical purposes , unchanged . not only that but , unless you have almost as much money to play with as the casino , you are certain to be wiped out in the long run . but that is another story , called """" the drunkard 's walk """" .
 "",0
 658,""Subject: re : 5 . 1254 typological classification
  
  for what it is worth , i disagree with martin haspelmath ( and agree with fritz newmeyer ) about the problem of defining the concepts with which typological work operates . but we need to make sure that this does not become a political thing : i do n't see any difference on this point between the work of typologists / functionalists as compared to that of formalists . everybody who tries to compare two or more languages has these problems . for ex . , in reference to the basic word order question , i noticed a long time ago that some languages which were claimed to have ovs as basic actually rarely had both o and s at the same time in the same sentence , so i argued that maybe the term """" basic """" should not be applied there in the way in which it applies to english svo patterns . there are many many examples where we compare incomparables and do not compare comparables because our concepts are vague and our terminologies are ambiguous . i have , for example , published some papers documenting the confusions surrounding the term ' topic ' in the typological literature . there seems to be a lot of confusion likewise about the concepts of ' ergative ' and ' passive ' . and it seems to me that typological categories such as ' configurational ' ( or non ) , ' pro-drop ' ( or non ) , and so on , are just as poorly defined and just as liable to lead to all kinds of confusion .
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 659,""Subject: typological method
  
  pace fritz newmeyer , there has been extensive discussion of the methodological issues that he raises . ( these remarks are independent of any assessment of johanna nichol 's book that fritz referred to , incidentally . ) first , good typological work devotes a substantial amount of effort to defining and delimiting what sorts of constructions should or should not belong to a particular structural type . good examples are many of dryer 's papers ( e . g . dryer 1989a , 1989b , 1992 ) , koptjevskaja - tamm 1990 : ch . 1 - 3 on nominalizations , stassen 1985 : ch . 2 , 4 on comparative and ' chaining ' constructions , and haspelmath 1993 : ch . 2 on indefinite pronouns . more generally , the discussion of the proper typological markedness criteria in croft 1990 : ch . 4 - 6 is an attempt to provide some * general * structural criteria for a large class of cross-linguistic phenomena ( see for example the formulation of the structural consequences of hopper & thompson 1980 's transitivity hypothesis on p . 131 , or the application of the criteria to the syntactic category problem in croft 1991 : ch . 2 - 3 ) . delimiting and classifying the phenomena to be analyzed is not a simple descriptive task ; in fact , it raises some of the most interesting issues in typological analysis , and have hardly been ignored in the typological literature . second , with respect to basicness for a language type in particular , in the passage from croft 1990 that fritz referred to ( pp . 33-36 ) , i argued that typologists had moved from classifying languages typologically to classifying constructions typologically , and that that was a good thing . nevertheless , i suggested some general criteria for determining a """" basic """" language type . and despite my reservations about identifying """" basic """" language types , it has to be said that in the great majority of cases , defining a """" language type """" instead of a """" construction type """" is not terribly difficult . matthew dryer ( p . c . ) has observed that inspection of texts generally tells you very quickly what the """" word order type """" of a language is . in my own experience , in a study where i am comparing the syntax of prenominal and postnominal modifiers , i am quite frustrated at how difficult it is to find languages where a modifier freely occurs both pre - and postnominally . of course , identification of """" basic """" or other types depends on what resources you have available to you ( quality of grammatical descriptions , availability of texts / language consultants etc . ) as well as what phenomenon you are studying ( e . g . word order or head marking [ easier ] vs . relative order of modifiers or the syntax of nonrestrictive modification [ harder ] ) . but for most studies it is not an insurmountable problem , although there always some problematic cases . third , the sampling problem * has * been discussed at some length by typologists ( besides bell 1978 's seminal article , see also dryer 1989c , perkins 1989 , croft 1990 : 18-25 , rijkhoff et al . 1993 ) . the issues are too complex to go into here at length . but it should be pointed out that the issues fritz raises apply to different sorts of samples with different purposes in mind . the question of how independent particular instances are have to do with probability samples ( see in particular the dryer , perkins and croft references for discussion of these problems ) . note in particular that the stability of the phenomenon being studied is an important factor : the less stable it is , the more likely cases are historically independent . the question of coming across rare types pertains to variety samples ( see in particular rijkhoff et al . ) . some studies ( e . g . tomlin 1986 , koptjevskaja - tamm 1990 , haspelmath 1993 ) draw on a very large variety sample and then select a stratified probability sample from it for the appropriate generalizations . dryer 's sampling technique attempts to combine the needs of variety and probability samples into a single sampling procedure . i should also add that with the shift towards dynamic ( diachronic ) interpretations of synchronic typological patterns , the examination of cognate phenomena in related languages , and the comparison of """" nonbasic """" as well as basic typological strategies , becomes another important method of analysis . that means that to some extent , the problems of basic vs . nonbasic types in a single language , and of historical relatedness of data sets , can be avoided - - - in fact , exploited - - - in modern typological analysis . bill croft references : bell , alan . 1978 . language samples . universals of human language , vol . 1 : method and theory , ed . joseph h . greenberg , charles a . ferguson and edith a . moravcsik , 123-156 . stanford : stanford university press . croft , william . 1990 . typology and universals . cambridge : cambridge university press . - . 1991 . syntactic categories and grammatical relations : the cognitive organization of information . chicago : university of chicago press . dryer , matthew . 1989a . plural words . linguistics 27 . 865-95 . - . 1989b . article - noun order . cls 25 . 84-97 . - . 1989c . large linguistic areas and language sampling . studies in language 13 . 257-92 . - . 1992 . the greenbergian word order correlations . language 68 : 81 - 138 . hopper , paul and sandra a . thompson . 1980 . transitivity in grammar and discourse . language 56 . 251-299 . koptjevskaja - tamm , maria . 1988 . a typology of action nominal constructions . stockholm : university of stockholm . perkins , revere d . 1989 . statistical techniques for determining language sample size . studies in languagea013 : 293-315 . rijkhoff , jan , dik bakker , kees hengveld & peter kahrel . a method of language sampling . studies in language 17 . 169-203 . stassen , leon . 1985 . comparison and universal grammar . oxford : basil blackwell . tomlin , russell . 1986 . basic word order : functional principles . london : croom helm . dept of linguistics , u manchester , oxford rd , manchester m13 9pl , uk w . croft @ manchester . ac . uk fax : + 44-61 - 275 3187 phone : 275 3188
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 660,""Subject: re : 5 . 1237 sum : basic word order ( and remarks on typology )
  
  fritz newmeyer raises some important issues about typological research as instantiated in nichols ' work and elsewhere , which call for some comments . first , the notion of language type is an idealization : this is often made clear in typology courses , where non-existent artificial languages are considered as logically possible or impossible language types , if not always in the published literature ( though the point is clearly made in comrie 's textbook , for example , by the discussion of morphological typology ) . similarly , fritz is quite right to point out that the assumption of no areal or genetic bias , to the extent that it is made at all , is a counterfactual one . what i would ask is whether such idealizations differ in kind from those , many of them counterfactual , which underlie generative grammar . the justification is similar in both cases : methodologically , one cannot deal with all the relevant variables all the time , and some of the concepts used are logically independent of the extrinsic variables , e . g . one can investigate consistency with proposed implicational universals regardless of the statistical bias in one 's sample . the term ` shaky typological pigeon-holing ' is particularly inapt as applied to nichols ' distinction between head-marking and dependent - marking languages , which is quite explicitly a matter of degree ( see her 1986 paper where the degree of hm vs . dm is quantifified in terms of the number of patterns instantiating each type ) . if nichols refers to a ` head-marking language ' this is shorthand for a quantifiable tendency , just as we might describe italian as a ` pro-drop language ' without implying that there is a binary distinction here ( in fact there are degrees of pro-drop , e . g . some languages allow null expletives but not null referential subjects , etc ) . another point which i think all typologists would accept is that languages which do n't appear to match an established type are typological data - for example , colloquial french as discussed recently on linguist is a language which might reasonably be described as having no basic word order ( i believe that nichols classified it as vso in one of her tables , but that is again shorthand for a more complex situation ) . this is an explanandum for which nichols ' 1986 paper offers an explanation : head-marking facilitates word order freedom , and colloquial french instantiates clausal head-marking in nichols ' sense . to sum up : pace widespread opinion , typologists ' goal is not pigeon-holing ( """" taxonomy """" is also widely used in this context ! ) but the investigation and explanation of patterns of variation . steve matthews
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 661,""Subject: comparative method
  
  the recent discussion of limitations on the comparative method contained several assertions that such limitations had been and were being used to justify resistance to proposals of remote relationships , including amerind and nostratic . to my knowledge this is absolutely false . in every instance that i am aware of in which perceived temporal limitations on the comparative method have been mentioned , it is by way of explaining why it is there are no relationships beyond a certain degree of remoteness on which there is consensus , or by way of making predictions as to what historical linguistics will ultimately be able to achieve . i do not know of a single instance in which someone has argued : such and such a proposed relationship is associated with a time-depth of x years . this exceeds the temporal limits of the comparative method . therefore the proposal must be wrong . if anyone can provide evidence of such an argument being made i would be most interested . in the particular case of amerind , the objections have been two-fold : ( a ) the data is riddled with errors ; ( b ) the argument is not of a sort that most historical linguists consider probative . since greenberg and ruhlen do not apply the comparative method disbelief in their claims could not rationally be based on perceived limitations of the comparative method , nor has it been . ironically , even if greenberg and ruhlen did attempt to apply the comparative method , amerind would not provide a very good instance of the above hypothetical argument . since even conservative estimates of the time-depth possible with the comparative method range from 6-10ky , cand since greenberg and ruhlen adhere to the low chronology for the peopling of the americas that places it at roughly 12ky bp , their date for amerind does not radically exceed the perceived limits of the comparative method . in sum , whatever the validity of proposed temporal limits on the comparative method , and i agree that such limits are far from exact , the view that this has anything to do with reactions to greenberg 's work on amerind and similar work is a red-herring . to evaluate such proposals , look at the data and look at the methodology , not at the alleged ( and generally unknowable ) motivations of the critics . you 'd think that the irrelevance of ad hominem arguments except in matters of credibility of witnesses would not need to be repeated constantly . bill poser bill poser , first nations studies , university of northern british columbia , 3333 university way , prince george , british columbia , v2n 4z9 , canada 604-960 - 6692
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 662,""Subject: summary : who animal
  
  i would like to thank all those who wrote in concerning the question of whether ' who ' or ' what ' is used to ask about species of animals in various languages ( i am sorry but at the moment i cannot locate the file with the names of all those who i need to thank , but i am really grateful ) . the only language so far identified which uses the equivalent of ' who ' in this situation in russian , while german , danish , french , dutch , and i am pretty sure ( although my judgements are somewhat rusty here ) polish all use ' what ' , as does english obviously . i should add that i have seen many russian linguists ' dxescriptions of other languages in which they note that whatever the language is , that it uses ' what ' rather than than ' who ' for animals . most recently , i saw this in an eskimo - russain dictionary . i would be interested in hearing about any more examples of a language that uses ' who ' to ask for the species of an animal , as in ' what / who is that ' , when looking at an animal in a zoo , or ' what / who bit you ? ' , looking at a someone 's swollen arm .
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 663,""Subject: re : 5 . 1281 political correctness
  
  the term ` politically correct ' together with political correctness and pc are being used with increasing frequency . i did a nexis search a couple of weeks ago in connection with a presentation i ' m doing at ncte next week on the shift in meaning of the term . while pc still retains its negative / left-wing ironic slant , it is coming to be used more broadly to attack party-line extremists of any stripe , and more broadly still ( and often without apparent negative or ironic connotation , to refer to ` doing the right thing ' or the expected thing or the appro - priate thing in any context . so for example it appears in business week and info world in nonpolitical contexts , in articles about the salary levels of corporate ceos and the appropriate values to return when writing a line of computer programming code . one nice cite noted that while it was now as easy to send email to your boss as to a clerk in the mailroom , it was not necessarily politically correct to do so ( i wonder how often people send email to mailroom clerks ) . dennis debaron @ uiuc . edu ( \ 217-333 - 2392 \ ' \ fax : 217-333 - 4321 dennis baron \ ' \ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ department of english / ' | ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ) univ . of illinois \ ' / \ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \ 608 s . wright st . \ \ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \ urbana il 61801 = = ) . \ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \ ( _ _ ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ )
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 664,""Subject: re : 5 . 1250 language acquisition / analogy / pragmatics
  
  re analogy : benji wald asks syntax teachers to comment on his contribution . i think his characterisation of syntax teaching is a little harsh . i for one do not expect students ( at any level ) to accept my ( or anyone else 's ) grammaticality judgements unquestioningly . i ' m sure there are many syntax teachers who would prefer to get students to give their own judgements of e . g . : 1 ) i saw the grass brown when i was on holiday in spain 2 ) if you see the tower hazy , it means it ' ll rain tomorrow 3 ) only sherlock saw the man lame one might then ask for a comparison with the acceptability status of : 4 ) i saw the grass wilting . . . 5 ) if you see the tower leaning . . . . . 6 ) only sherlock saw the man limping . i ' m sure there are plenty of syntax teachers who would find it important to explore reasons why 1 - 3 ) might be less acceptable than 1 - 6 ) on the basis of the students ' own judgements . richard ingham
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 665,""Subject: re : 5 . 1251 sum : """" typewriter """" and canadian raising
  
  raising of / ai / before voiceless stops is not that uncommon in various parts of the eastern us and canada . simply because someone can't hear the difference does n't mean it is n't there , as in don / dawn . seed j . k . chamber 's """" canadian raising """" in canadian journal of linguistics 18 ( 1973 ) or better yet timothy vance 's """" canadian raising in some dialects of the northern us """" in american speech 62 ( 1987 ) . i do this and can tell generally when someone else is . word boundaries come into play . for me , """" ice scream """" and """" i scream """" are quite different at normal speed . and """" quite """" without raising sounds like """" quiet """" though different . this is more of an issue for the dialect groups . ( note that i did not say eh ? )
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 666,""Subject: sum : tenses and discourse analysis
  
  greetings to the list , i wish to thank everyone that answered my query on tenses and discourse analysis . i hope i have remembered to mention all of them in the following list - i seem to have had problems with my e-mail directories recently , and there 's a possibility i may have lost some messages . needless to say i will continue to welcome replies to the original query and anyone wishing to have further information on bibliography than what is appended below , should feel free to contact me at the following e-mail address : viola @ wam . umd . edu . best regards viola miglio thanks to : celso alvarez caccamo ellen l . contini - morava jeff deby suzanne fleischman hilde hasselgerd jairo morais nunes toshio ohori william j . rapaport larry rosenwald milea angela simoes froes wilbert spooren graham thurgood juan uriagereka brian wallace margaret e . winter almeida , michael j . 1987 . """" reasoning about the temporal structure of narratives """" . technical report 87-10 . buffalo : suny . buffalo . department of computer science . brown , cheryl . 1983 . topic continuity in written english narrative . in givon ( 1983 ) . pp . 315-341 . chierchia , gennaro . 1992 . anaphora and dynamic binding . linguistics and philosophy 15 . 111-183 . comrie , bernard . 1985 . tense . cambridge : cambridge university press . felson duchan , judith , gail a . bruder and lynne hewitt ( eds . ) . ( forthcoming ) . deixis in narrative : a cognitive science perspective . hillsdale , n . j . : lawrence erlbaum associates . fleischman , suzanne . 1990 . tense and narrativity . austin : university of texas press & london : routledge . givon , talmy . ( ed . ) . 1979 . syntax and semantics 12 : discourse and syntax . new york : academic press . givon , talmy . 1993 . english grammar : a function - based introduction . amsterdam : john benjamins . grimes , joseph e . 1975 . the thread of discourse . janua linguarum minor . mouton . gvozdanovic , jadranka and theo janssen ( eds . ) . 1991 . the function of tense in texts . north holland . heim . irene . 1982 . the semantics of definite and indefinite noun phrases . doctoral dissertation , university of massachusetts , amherst . hetzron , robert . 1971 . presentative function and presentative movement . proceedings of the second conference on african linguistics , studies in african linguistics , supplement 2 : 79-105 . hopper , paul j . 1979 . """" aspect and foregrounding in discourse . """" in syntax and semantics : volume 12 - discourse and syntax , edited by talmy givon . new york : academic press . pp . 213-241 . hopper , p . j . ( ed ) . 1982 . tense - aspect : between semantics and pragmatics . amsterdam : john benjamins . hornstein , norbert . 1990 . as time goes by . cambridge , massachusetts : mit press . jespersen , otto . 1931 . a modern english grammar on historica principles . vol . iv . copenhagen : munksgaard . johnstone , barbara . 1987 . """" ' he says . . . so i said ' : verb tense alternation and narrative depiction of authority in american english """" . linguistics 25 , 33-52 . kumpf , l . 1984 . temporal systems and universality in interlanguage : a case study . in f . r . eckman , l . h . bell , and d . nelson ( eds . ) , universals of second language acquisition . rowley , massachusetts : newbury house . pp . 132-143 . longacre , robert e . 1983 . the grammar of discourse . new york : plenum press . nunes , jairo . 1993 . the discourse representation of tense sequencing in narratives . college park , md : university of maryland ms . nunes , jairo and ellen thompson . 1994 . the discourse representation of temporal dependencies . to appear in p . bertinetto , v . bianchi and m . squartini ( eds . ) . proceedings of the cortona tense - aspect meeting . nunes , jairo and ellen thompson . 1993 . """" intensional verbs , tense structure and pronominal reference """" , in s . hargus , g . r . mcmenamin and v . samiian , proceedings of the 23rd western conference on linguistics : wecol ' 93 . pp . 348-360 . pinto , julio c . m . 1988 . the reading of time : a semantico - semiotic approach . berlin ; new york : mouton de gruyter . riddle , elizabeth . 1986 . the meaning and discourse function of the past tense in english . tesol quarterly 20 . 2 : 267-286 . schiffrin , deborah . 1981 . """" tense variation in narrative """" . language , vol . 57 n . 1 . pp . 462ff . thurgood , graham . 1989 . the past perfect , narrative structure and louis l ' amour . university of hawai ' i : working papers in esl 8 . 2 : 27-43 . thurgood , graham . 1990 . english tense and aspect in narratives : perfectivity , imperfectivity , and the two time axes . proceedings of the western conference on linguistics : wecol ' 90vol . 3 . pp . 290-302 . trout , k . 1974 . venus on the half shell . new york : dell . pp . 7-47 . wallace , stephen . 1982 . """" figure and ground """" in hopper ( ed ) , pp . 201-223 . wolfson , n . 1979 . the conversational present alternation . language 55 : 168-182 . wolfson , n . 1982 . on tense alternation and the need for analysis of native speaker usage in second language acquisition . language learning 32 : 53-68 .
 "",0
 667,""Subject: eskimo words for """" snow """" , """" ice """" , etc .
  
  as an eskimologist and an anthropologist , i strongly concur with woodbury 's and hill 's recent messages on the topic . i have two responses : one to the person who suggested that maybe what was peculiar about eskimo words for snow is not the number of lexical items to be found in a dictionary , but rather that these words are used more often and even by non-specialists within the culture . i am sorry that i can't track down the name of this person , which i must have deleted by mistake . but this is an interesting idea . my answer is that eskimos talk about snow about as often as a sahara tuareg would talk about rain , in other words , not very often . remember that the arctic is technically a desert ; i . e . there is very little precipitation , although whatever snow that does fall remains on the ground , an ~ rd is blown a } iround into funny shapes , for which there is of course , a technical terminology , used mainly by huntersd who need to use these things as landmarks . snow ( as a ground cover or falling ) is really not very important to eskimos . i suggest that we start looking at some of the languages of the subarctic groups of canada ( cree , chipewyan ) , these people live in deep snow , and probably talk about it a lot more ! my second response is for george fowler who suggest that there might be an fashion of eskimo words for - - - - - going on . he talks about 50 words for ice in greenlandic . he was speaking facetiously , of course , but there is a point to be made here . eskimos who hunt on ice ( such as the siberian yupik eskimos i worked with ) have an incredibly detailed technical terminology for ice conditions , icebergs , ice thickness and movements . for eskimo hunters , these things are concretely a matter of life and death . so eskimos do have many words for ice , and as for snow , this is a technical terminology , and as for snow , it is entirely based on a few stems that actually mean """" ice """" , and on many stems that do not fundamentally mean """" ice """" . so , at least in some eskimo languages , such as cnetral siberian yupik eskimo , there are actually more expressions ( or if you want """" words """" ) for """" ice """" than for """" snow """" . for the definition of a """" word """" and """" stem """" in eskimo , i refer y ' all back to woodbury 's statement . the point is that technical terminology for things that interest eskimos is no different from technical terminology that is relevant to , say , swiss cuckoo clock makers . willem j . de reuse dept . of anthropology university of arizona tucson , az 85721
 "",0
 668,""Subject: eskimo snow in context
  
  as the quotation from whorf shows , he was concerned with the issue of whether there is a general term like 's now ' in eskimo languages , not with whether eskimo ( or english ) have a multitude of specialized terms . it may be useful to point out that in the second half of the 19th century and thereafter one of the big issues concerning linguists and anthropologists was whether """" primitive """" people and their """" primitive """" languages possessed abstract terms . i think that we must view whorf 's and others ' preoccupations in this context . ( it may be of interest to add that the other great issues regarding """" primitive """" languages was whether they possess clearly defined sounds , since it was widely claimed that speakersof such languages """" alternate """" between different pronunications . it was boas who showed that this was an illusion , but i think that many people would not listen , and that works such as sapir 's paper on the sound pattenrs and even on psychological reality are largely to be understoods as attempts to defend the boas position ) . in any case , it should be clear that the issue was never how many words a language might have for specific kinds of anything , but whether it has words for the general types or kinds . and in this context the only question is whether the eskimo languages have one word for 's now ' like english or two like ancient greek or whether they only have a variety of more particular words for kinds of snow . alexis
 "",0
 669,""Subject: english snow words
  
  jonathan david bobaljik posted a message to vol . 5-1276 of this list in which he discusses the various yup ' ik words for snow that have been contributed by anthony woodbury . for the sake of comparison he has a list of 9 or 10 english words for snow and snow-like things . i thought it would be useful to find out whether each of these english words means _ primarily _ snow or whether the snow sense is derived , figurative , or otherwise secondary . i have consulted the various editions of the oxford english dictionary . my results are as follows : a . acceptable cases : 1 . snow : a good english word with a respectable pedigree . means primarily snow . 2 . sleet : also good . by the way , is there an eskimo term corresponding to this ? 3 . slush : also good . 4 . avalanche : this word seems to have referred to snow avalanches from the beginning . 5 . blizzard : the first edition of the oed says , """" a modern word . . . . as applied to a 's now-squall , ' the word became general in the american newspapers during the severe winter of 1880-81 ; but according to the _ milwaukee republican _ = ff 4 march 1881 , it had been so applied in the _ northern vindicator _ ( esthersville , iowa ) between 1860 and 1870 . it was apparently in colloquial use in the west much earlier . . . """" the latest edition of the oed has a citation from 1859 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * b . doubtful cases : 1 . cornice : this is really an architectural term , meaning the """" crown """" on a building . its use to refer to a type of snow formation is merely figurative . 2 . firn : this is certainly a very rare and specialized word . the oed marks it """" not naturalized """" ; its synonym _ n ' ev ' e _ is marked the same way . i would accept neither . 3 . drift : with the meaning 's now-drift ' this word is attested c . 1300 , ( """" this castel . . quitter es pan snau drif [ t ] . """" ) but it clearly has too many other related senses , such as """" off-course movement of a boat """" and """" gist of what someone is saying . """" drift is related to """" to drive """" . compare bobaljik 's discussion of yup ' ik _ natquik _ 'd rifting snow ' . 4 . flurry : this word means primarily ' gust ' or 's quall ' . washington irving is cited in 1836 talking about """" flurries of snow """" , but there are other cases of flurries of rain , birds . conclusion : not primarily a snow word . 5 . sinkhole : bobaljik rejects _ muruaneq _ 's oft , deep snow ' , offering """" sinkhole """" as roughly comparable ( and presumably also unacceptable ) . = 20 """" sinkhole """" is not in the oed . my understanding of a sinkhole is any depression in which liquid collects , especially in the ground . i do not think it has anything to do with snow per se . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * c . special case : 1 . frost : i have left """" frost """" out of the english list , since it has more to do with frozen dew and ice than with snow . i have also omitted """" rime """" and """" hoarfrost """" ( """" hoar """" is figurative for old age ) . accordingly , i urge that words for frost be omitted from the eskimo lists . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * d . conclusion : my count is 5 good english words whose primary meanings are snow or forms of snow . bobaljik also allows only 5 """" exclusively snow-related simple roots """" in yup ' ik ( excluding """" frost """" as explained above ) . i am not a specialist in english etymology , but i am experienced at using the oed . is _ muruaneq _ 's oft , deep snow ' really not a purely snow word , as bobaljik says ? i would also like to know what """" eskimo """" languages there are other than yup ' ik for which snow-words are recorded in detail . david prager branner , yuen ren society asian l&l , do-21 , university of washington seattle , wa 98195 = 09 = 09 = 09 = 09 < charmii @ u . washington . edu >
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 670,""Subject: news from the ippe ( 04 nov 94 )
  
  n e w s f r o m t h e i p p e world wide web access now available access to the preprints and all other materials in the international philosophical preprint exchange 's collection , including the abstracts and tables of contents of an increasing number of philosophical journals , is now available via mosaic and the world wide web . our www server is still under development and is changing rapidly , and at the moment there are still several rough spots , but access to all the ippe materials is in place . due to the rich interface provided by the web , browsing the ippe via mosaic ( or any other web browser ) is now the preferred access method . mosaic and other web browsers allow easy access to the multiple formats in which the ippe stores each paper , allowing users to as easily browse an abstract or an ascii version of a paper online as to download or print a fully-formatted version . in addition , we have provided navigation aids such as a colorful graphical map of the ippe ( not to mention the attractive new graphical ippe logo ) . in addition , much of the ippe 's structure , and many of our informational documents , are being redesigned to take full advantage of the hypertext capabilities of the web . expect further announcements soon . in ncsa mosaic , netscape , lynx , or your www browser of choice , open the url http : / / phil-preprints . l . chiba-u . ac . jp / ippe . html to pay us a visit . new journals online since the last """" news from the ippe """" in july , several more journals have joined our program of making pre-press abstracts , tables of contents , and in some cases selected full-text articles available online . recent additions include ethics and the journal of the history of philosophy , and arrangements are currently being made with five other journals , bringing the total number of journals available or soon to be available through the ippe to over a dozen . we invite the editors of other journals to contact us at the address given below . call for submissions the ippe invites the submission of working papers in all areas of philosophy . submissions undergo an informal process of """" minimal refereeing """" by the ippe 's international board to ensure that they are of contemporary philosophical interest , but need not be in fully publishable condition as they stand . due to the flexibility of our electronic media , no length limits apply . the ippe 's large collection of working papers is currently being visited by over 1000 philosophers and graduate students each month , providing the widest possible exposure for works in progress . authors benefit from the critical attention of colleagues world-wide . many authors have received incisive commentaries and forged important international connectins with workers in their areas , and the exposure produced by placing a paper on the ippe has also in a number of cases yielded tangible benefits including speaking invitations and offers of publication . copyright to a paper placed on the the ippe remains with the author , and therefore placing a paper on the ippe is no obstacle to subsequent publication . placing a working draft on the ippe provides an ideal way to beenfit from the critical attention of the international philiophical community before submitting a work for publication . call for commentaries the ippe invites the submission of well-reasoned commentaries on any working paper currently available on the ippe . commentaries are subject to the same """" minimal refereeing """" process described above for working papers . accepted commentaries are made available on the ippe alongside the original papers to which they apply , and the authors of the original papers are invited to respond in similar form . ippe represented at psa / 4s / hsa meeting the round table on electronic communications at october 's joint meeting of the psa , 4s , and hsa provided an opportunity for members of the ippe 's board to meet with representatives of several other leading projects in electronic media for philosophy and science studies . among the topics discussed were means of lowering the technological barriers to access to electronic communications resources , and especially to the submission of materials , and the formation of a consortium or clearinghouse for electronic publishers in these fields . much was accomplished , and even greater possibilities lie ahead . renovations nearly complete the international philosophical preprint exchange 's ambitious project to create an integrated system allowing the preprints and other documents on the ippe to be distributed simultaneously by means of the world wide web in addition to the previously implemented gopher , ftp , and mail-server access methods is nearly complete . the customized software we have developed for this purpose allows the ippe staff to easily make a single copy of a working paper available through all four of our supported access methods . accessing the international philosophical preprint exchange : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ by www : open the url http : / / phil-preprints . l . chiba-u . ac . jp / ippe . html by gopher : use gopher to go to either apa . oxy . edu or kasey . umkc . edu by ftp : ftp to either phil - preprints . l . chiba - u . ac . jp , or mrcnext . cso . uiuc . edu by email : mail to phil-preprints - service @ phil - preprints . l . chiba - u . ac . jp to place a paper or comment on the ippe : see pub / submissions / readme . if you have questions : send mail to < cburke @ nexus . yorku . ca > .
 "",0
 671,""Subject: the translator
  
  order forms for the translator will shortly be available ( by mid november ) . to receive one , please send a note of your full postal address to : the translator , st . jerome publishing , 2 maple road west , brooklands , manchester , m23 9hh , u . k . alternatively , you can fax the same details to fax number + 44 0161-973 - 9856 , or email them to mona @ ccl . umist . ac . uk . the translator : studies in intercultural communication the translator is a refereed international journal which seeks to bring professional and academic interests closer together by addressing issues which have relevance in both academic and professional settings . members of the editorial and advisory boards have extensive academic and professional experience . many are accomplished translators and interpreters working at the highest levels . all have sound academic training and are involved in teaching translators and interpreters on a regular basis . academic expertise ensures rigour and coherence in the treatment of issues ; professional experience complements academic rigour with a rich store of concrete contexts and an emphasis on relevance and readability . the translator is not restricted in scope to any particular school of thought or academic group . its editors and advisors hold diverse views on translation ; they are nevertheless all committed to promoting a harmonious and less divisive environment in which both discipline and profession can prosper . editor : mona baker ( umist , uk ) editorial board : daniel gile ( isit , france ) ian mason ( heriot - watt university , uk ) christiane nord ( heidelberg university , germany ) anthony pym ( universidad rivira i virgili , tarragona , spain ) lawrence venuti ( temple university , philadelphia , usa ) judith woodsworth ( concordia university , canada ) review editor : myriam salama - carr ( salford university , uk ) international advisory board : roberto mayoral asensio ( spain ) , aliki bacapoulou - halls ( greece ) , franco buffoni ( italy ) , simon chau ( hong kong ) , dirk delabastita ( belgium ) , jean delisle ( canada ) , basil hatim ( uk ) , kinga klaudy ( hungary ) , ingrid kurz ( austria ) , paul kussmaul ( germany ) , kitty van leuven - zwart ( holland ) , carol maier ( usa ) , kirsten malmkjaer ( uk ) , douglas robinson ( usa ) , juan sager ( uk ) , christina schaffner ( uk ) , candace seguinot ( canada ) , miriam shlesinger ( israel ) , sonja tirkkonen - condit ( finland ) . two issues per year ( 125 pages each ) . first issue : april 1995 . each issue consists of papers , book reviews ( including a special review of a relatively old but influential publication ) , and a detailed description of a translation and / or interpreting course . special issue in 1996 ( vol . 2 , no . 2 ) : wordplay and translation ; guest - editor : dirk delabastita . contents of volume 1 , number 1 ( 1995 ) translation , authorship , copyright ( lawrence venuti , usa ) the moral dilemmas of court interpreting ( ruth morris , israel ) observations on anomalous stress in interpreting ( sarah williams , sweden ) a descriptive framework for compensation ( keith harvey , uk ) special review : georges mounin : les problemes theoriques de la traduction ( reviewed by claude tatilon , canada ) book reviews : jean delisle : la traduction raisonee ( reviewed by michel ballard , france ) juan sager : language engineering and translation : consequences of automation ( paul kussmaul , germany ) doris kadish & francoise massardier - kenney ( eds ) : translating slavery - gender and race in french women 's writing , 1783-1823 ( marilyn gaddis rose , usa ) jacques permentiers , erik springael & franco troiano : traduction , adaptation et editing multilingue ( david morris , belgium ) course profile : m . a . in translation studies , university of surrey , uk . subscription rates ( in stirling pounds ) : uk : individual : 29 ; institution : 49 . europe : individual : 31 ; institution : 51 . rest of the world : individual : 33 ; institution : 53 . subscribers can pay by credit card ( visa / access ) , cheque / eurocheque in stirling pounds , bankers ' draft ( drawn on a uk bank in sterling ) or direct credit . guidelines for contributors and reviewers are also available on request . mona baker mona @ ccl . umist . ac . uk .
 "",0
 672,""Subject: special issues
  
  names , the journal of the american name society , is planning two special issues for late 1995 or early 1996 . the first is on ' computers in onomastic research , ' and the second ' statistics in onomastic research . ' if you would like to contribute to one ( or both ) of these special issues , send a 1 - page idea paper to the editor at the address below . nothing has to be definite at this time , but i would expect that both issues would deal with problems faced in name research and how computers ( and statistics ) could contribute to solving them . i put a similar notice on the american name society list and found that there was wide-spread interest in both areas . so if you would like to contribute , send the idea paper to me shortly , by either hard copy , fax or email . edward callary , editor , editor , names english department northern illinois university dekalb , il 60116 fax : 815-753 - 0606 email : tb0exc1 @ mvs . cso . niu . edu ( make sure you type zero rather than o after tb ) i hope to hear from people from a variety of disciplines who have an interest in names . please let me know if you have questions or comments .
 "",0
 673,""Subject: forensic linguistics conference
  
  international association of forensic linguists second international conference to be held at mary white college , university of new england armidale , new south wales , australia from 9-12 july 1995 . call for abstracts papers are called for from members of the international association of forensic linguists and others whose work involves them in any of iafl 's aims , or more broadly in any areas of language and the law . ( if you need more info about iafl 's aims contact one of the people listed towards the end of this message . ) members are keen to communicate with professionals and scholars in related disciplines who also work on aspects of language and the law . prospective paper-givers are invited to submit a half-page abstract , along with a brief biography that includes professional background and interests . deadline for submission of abstracts is february 3rd 1995 send abstracts to : diana eades , iafl conference co - ordinator , linguistics dept , university of new england , armidale nsw 2351 , australia email : deades @ metz . une . edu . au registration information registration fee : member $ a125 non - member $ a150 student $ a100 early bird discount $ a20 off if you register before april 12th 1995 . registration includes : * attendance at all sessions * abstracts booklet * morning and afternoon teas and lunches on monday tuesday and wednesday * reception on sunday evening * conference satchel * excursion to dangars falls registration below is the registration form . please do not email this form . you can print it out and send it by airmail to the address below ( or you can ask for a hardcopy by emailing diana eades ) registration form mr / mrs / ms / miss / dr / ass prof / prof ( please circle ) male / female ( please circle ) first name : surname : institution : address : suburb : state : postcode : country : email : tel : fax : accommodation please organise accommodation for me on the following nights : 8th [ ] 9th [ ] 10th [ ] 11th [ ] 12th [ ] 13th [ ] in mary white college ( $ a43 . 00 per night includes accommodation , breakfast and dinner ) off campus accommodation those staying off campus will need a vehicle to get to the conference venue . in caravan park ( accommodation only ) caravan $ a30 single $ a32 double fully self contained , heated ensuite cabin $ a44 single $ a46 double in motel ( approximate single or double accommodation only ) $ a60 per night $ a70 per night yes , i am interested in attending the pre-conference tour to dorrigo national park on sunday 9th july from 10 . 00am - 5 . 00pm at approximately $ a20 per person , and would have . . . . . . . . . . . person / s with me all registration forms must be received by 12th june 1995 ( early bird discount registration closes 12th april 1995 ) do not email this form . send it by airmail to the address below enclosed is a cheque / money order or charge my bankcard / mastercard ( delete one ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiry date : _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _ name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration : $ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . accommodation : $ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . conference dinner $ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . earlybird discount : minus $ a20 ( if posting before 12th april ) total : $ please make cheques payable to university of new england . return completed registration form to : marketing executive , new england conference management , university of new england , armidale nsw 2351 we are unable to accept registration by email , send it by airmail please . further information for further information please contact the conference co-ordinator , diana eades , linguistics department , university of new england , tel : 61 67 73 3185 fax : 61 67 73 3735 email : deades @ metz . une . edu . au for administrative or accommodation enquiries , contact gabrielle aldridge at new england conference management , tel : 61 67 73 3370 fax : 61 67 71 1713 for further information about iafl and membership queries , contact diana eades ( address above ) or sue blackwell , school of english , university of birmingham , edgbaston , birmingham , b15 2tt , uk email : blackwellsa @ vms1 . bham . ac . uk or jeffrey kaplan , dept of linguistics , san diego state university , san diego , ca 92182 , usa . email : jkaplan @ sciences . sdsu . edu important dates abstracts due 3 feb notification of acceptance of abstracts 15th march earlybird registrations due 12th april registration deadline 12th june . hfraser @ metz . une . edu . au ( 129 . 180 . 4 . 1 ) helen fraser ( dr ) dept of linguistics university of new england armidale nsw 2351 australia phone 067 73 2128 / 3189 fax 067 73 3735
 "",0
 674,""Subject: position announcement
  
  the department of near eastern studies of the university of michigan is inviting applications for a tenure-track appointment in arabic language and culture . an assistant professor level is authorized , but senior candidates may be considered . applicants must hold the ph . d . degree and be able to teach both undergraduate and graduate courses in arabic language and linguistics and also teach courses that treat language as a social and cultural phenomenon ( for example , how language is used in the construction of nationalism , ethnicity , gender , and political rhetoric ) . applicants should specifically identify their research interests within language-and - culture studies and describe the lecture courses they can and wish to teach . the department of near eastern studies has strengths in both classical and modern arabic language and literature , in islamic religion , and in the history of the middle east . we seek a colleague who will complement the present staff and who will broaden our curricular offerings in language and culture . applicants should send a curriculum vitae , including bibliography , we well as no more than three samples of their scholarly research . named referees need not send their letters at the time of application . send application to chair , arabic language and culture search committee , department of near eastern studies , 3074 frieze building , university of michigan , ann arbor , mi 48109-1285 . we shall begin processing applications as soon as possible after january 1 , 1995 . the university of michigan is an affirmative action , equal opportunity employer .
 "",0
 675,""Subject: job announcement , applied linguistics , ucla
  
  the department of tesl & applied linguistics at the university of california , los angeles announces an opening for a tenure-track position , rank to be determined , in discourse analysis ( pending final budgetary approval ) . the appointee will participate in a proposed interdisciplinary teaching program in language , interaction , and culture . candidates should display a strong research and teaching record in ( i ) the interface of conversation and culture , ( ii ) the integration of visual and verbal resources in the construction of meaning , and ( iii ) an expertise in new technologies for analyzing discourse in society . candidates must have ph . d . in hand at time of application . applications must be received by january 15 , 1995 and should include letter , vita , three letters of reference , and representative publications . send applications to : chair , search committee , department of tesl & applied linguistics , 3300 rolfe hall , ucla , los angeles , ca 90024-1531 . ucla is an affirmative action , equal opportunity employer . women and members of underrepresented minorities are encouraged to apply .
 "",0
 676,""Subject: job posting
  
  announcement of open rank professorial position university of california , san diego department of linguistics subject to availability of funds , the department of linguis - tics at the university of california , san diego , is seeking to fill an open rank professorial position ( tenured / tenure - track ) effective july 1 , 1995 , for a linguist capable of teaching formal semantics and with a proven research record in formal semantics , which could include the semantics / syntax interface . salary will be commensurate with rank and experience and will be based on current university of california salary scales . a letter of application , a curriculum vitae , a representa - tive publication or manuscript , and the names and addresses of 3 referees should be sent to : university of california , san diego open search committee department of linguistics , 0108 9500 gilman drive la jolla , ca 92093-0108 application materials must be received no later than febru - ary 1 , 1995 . the university of california is an equal opportunity , affirmative action employer . this announcement supersedes our october lsa bulletin announcement and our august departmental notice of a tenured position in formal semantics / syntax .
 "",0
 677,""Subject: wccfl xiv last call for papers
  
  last call for papers west coast conference on formal linguistics ( wccfl ) xiv usc los angeles , march 10-12 , 1995 abstract submission : abstracts should be limited to two anonymous , 8 - 1 / 2 """" x 11 """" pages , with 1 """" margin , single-spaced , no smaller than 12 point font . the second page need not be limited to data or references . please send 12 copies of the abstract , plus a 3x5 index card with the following information : title of the paper name affiliation address e-mail address phone number fax number to the following address : wccfl xiv linguistics dept . gfs 301 university of southern california los angeles , ca 90089-1693 a maximum of 1 individual and 1 joint abstract will be accepted . please , no e-mail or fax submissions . deadline : december 8th , 1994 . for more information , contact : jose camacho or hajime hoji wccfl xiv linguistics dept . gfs 301 university of southern california los angeles , ca 90089-1693 e-mail : wccfl @ mizar . usc . edu fax : 213-740 - 9306 phone : 213-740 - 2986 on the day preceding wccfl there will be a workshop on predication . a separate call for papers will follow . last call for papers wccfl xiv workshop """" predication """" usc los angeles , march 9 , 1995 on the day preceding wccfl xiv , there will be a workshop on the general topic of """" predication """" . abstract submission : abstracts should be limited to two anonymous , 8 - 1 / 2 """" x 11 """" pages , with 1 """" margin , no smaller than 12 point . the second page need not be limited to data or references . please send 8 copies of the abstract , with a 3x5 index card containing the following information : """" for wccfl workshop """" title of the paper name affiliation address e-mail address phone number fax number to the following address : wccfl xiv workshop linguistics department , gfs 301 university of southern california los angeles , ca 90089-1693 for more information , contact : jose camacho or hajime hoji phone : 213-740 - 2986 fax : 213-740 - 9306 e-mail : wccfl @ mizar . usc . edu deadline : december 8th , 1994 please , no e-mail or fax sumbissions .
 "",0
 678,""Subject: discourse conference final call
  
  updated 11 / 12 / 94 final call for papers abstract and colloquium proposal deadline : november 18 , 1994 * * * * * * * * * * the georgetown linguistics society presents gls 1995 developments in discourse analysis * * * * * * * * * * february 17-19 , 1995 georgetown university , washington d . c . * * plenary speakers * * frederick erickson graduate school of education university of pennsylvania charles goodwin department of anthropology university of south carolina heidi hamilton department of linguistics georgetown university deborah schiffrin department of linguistics georgetown university roger shuy department of linguistics georgetown university deborah tannen department of linguistics georgetown university gls 1995 , developments in discourse analysis , is an interdisciplinary conference featuring presentations and colloquia focusing on all aspects of discourse analysis . topics range from discourse analytic theory to the use of discourse analysis as a tool in other disciplines . any research that focuses on language data at the discourse level is appropriate , including , but not limited to , work in cognitive science , conversational analysis , communication studies , critical discourse analysis , interactional sociolinguistics , linguistic anthropology , rhetoric , psychology , sociology , and text linguistics . the deadline for abstracts and colloquium proposals is november 18 , 1994 . the conference will begin late morning friday and end late afternoon on sunday . a reception will be held saturday evening . submitting an abstract : individual presentation of papers will be 20 minutes long with 10 additional minutes for discussion . please send three copies of a 250 - word double-spaced abstract . on a separate sheet , provide your name , paper title , mailing and e-mail addresses , phone number , and institutional affiliation . in addition , please submit a 100 - word typed , single-spaced summary for the conference program , headed by your name , affiliation , and paper title . submitting a colloquium proposal : the gls invites proposals for two-hour colloquia . please submit all abstracts for presentation in a colloquium together , accompanied by a cover letter which explains how the individual presentations relate to one another and to the themes of the colloquium and the conference . the cover letter should provide the organizer 's name , mailing and e-mail addresses , phone number , and institutional affiliation . in addition , the organizer should include a 100 - word description of the entire colloquium for the conference program . accommodations * on the georgetown university campus * georgetown university conference center 202-687 - 3200 , 1-800 - 446-9476 $ 109 single , $ 124 double ( up to four occupants ) make reservations as soon as possible . * georgetown area * georgetown dutch inn 202-337 - 0900 , 1-800 - 388-2410 1075 thomas jefferson , n . w . ( off of m st . ) . 10 minute walk to gu . $ 100 one bedroom suites . ( 1 queen or 2 twins and pull-out bed ) make reservations by february 6 . holiday inn 202-338 - 4600 , 1-800 - holiday 2101 wisconsin ave . , n . w . buses run down wisconsin . get off at o st and walk 5 blocks to gu . $ 79 single , $ 92 double , triple , quadruple . make reservations by january 6 . * rosslyn area of virginia * ( just across potomac from gu ) key bridge marriot 703-524 - 6400 , 1-800 - 642-3234 1401 lee highway , arlington va . walk ( about 30 minutes ) or taxi across bridge to gu . $ 89 single , double , triple , quadruple . make reservations by january 26 . * dupont circle area in washington * davis house , 202-232 - 3196 1822 r st . , n . w . 2 long blocks to g2 bus . $ 30 / person shared rooms , $ 35 / person single room ( price includes tax . coffee and tea is served ) radisson , barcelo 202-293 - 3100 , 1-800 - 333-3333 ( toll free number available after reservation ) 2121 p . st . , n . w . 1 block to g2 bus . $ 89 single , double , $ 104 triple , $ 119 quadruple * foggy bottom area of washington * inn at foggy bottom , 202-337 - 6620 824 new hampshire ave . , n . w . walk to d buses . 35 minute walk to campus . $ 79 single and double , $ 99 triple and quadruple ( includes continental breakfast ) * downtown washington * washington international youth hostel 202-737 - 2333 1009 11th st . , n . w . 2 blocks to d buses . $ 20 . 00 ( linens available for $ 2 , $ 5 deposit ) * van ness area of washington * days inn , 202-244 - 5600 , 1-800 - 952-3060 4400 connecticut avenue . 1 block to van ness metro . take to dupont circle . $ 69 flat rate . make reservations before january 16 . * bed and breakfast locations * bed and breakfast accommodations , ltd . 202-328 - 3510 , fax : 202-332 - 3885 p . o . box 12011 , washington , dc 20005 prices vary according to location . transportation * getting to georgetown university from hotels * gu is located at 37th and o streets , n . w . * . . . by bus * ( 202-637 - 7000 ) the buses that serve gu are the g2 , d2 , d4 , d6 , and d8 buses . the g2 bus arrives at the main gate of gu . the d4 and d8 buses arrive on the north side of campus at reservoir and 38th . the d2 , d4 , d6 , and d8 buses arrive at 35th and q sts . ( 3 blocks to gu ) . * . . . by metro * ( 202-637 - 7000 ) the metro stations nearest gu are dupont circle , rosslyn , and foggy bottom . to get to gu from dupont circle : 30 minute walk west on p st . g2 bus at 20th & p . d4 and d8 at 2nd & p sts . taxi is about $ 3 . 20 . from rosslyn : 25 minute walk across key bridge . ( no buses to gu ) . from foggy bottom : 35 minute walk . d buses . * transportation from area airports * national airport is on the metro line . there is no metro station near dulles airport or bwi . the washington flyer express bus ( 703-685 - 1400 ) serves national ( $ 8 ) and dulles ( $ 16 ) , leaving every 20-30 minutes non-stop to 1517 k street , n . w . , one block from the mcpherson square metro station at 15th & i sts . the washington flyer shuttle bus runs every 20-30 minutes from dulles airport to the falls church metro station ( $ 8 ) . a taxi from national airport to georgetown university costs $ 9 . 70 , from dulles , about $ 40 - $ 45 . from bwi , take the airport connection bus ( 301-441 - 2345 ) to downtown washington ( $ 14 ) or the marc train ( 800-325 - 7245 ) ( $ 4 ) or amtrak ( 800-872 - 7245 ) ( $ 10 ) to union station , which is on the metro line . the marc train does not run on weekends . * getting to gu . . . by train * union station is on the metro line . a taxi to gu costs about $ 5 . 50 . * . . . by bus * the greyhound bus terminal is located at 1st and l streets , n . e . , 4 blocks from the union station metro station . * . . . by car * > from the capitol beltway ( i-495 , which encircles washington ) , the least complicated route is to take the wisconsin avenue exit ( in the n . w . section of the loop ) and to follow wisconsin down to the heart of georgetown . parking at georgetown university parking in georgetown neighborhoods is difficult , but there is free parking on weekends in lot 3 in the southwest corner of campus , which can be entered off of prospect street or canal road . on friday , parking in this lot is $ 11 for the day , although we are trying to negotiate a rate for the conference . mention the georgetown linguistics society conference to the parking attendant . two georgetown conferences : gls 1995 and gurt 1995 gls 1995 , developments in discourse analysis , is sponsored , in part , by the georgetown university school of languages and linguistics and the georgetown university graduate student organization . the school of languages and linguistics also sponsors the georgetown university round table on languages and linguistics ( gurt ) . gurt 1995 will be held march 6 to 11 , 1995 on the topic , linguistics and the education of second language teachers : ethnolinguistic , psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic aspects . for further information about gurt 1995 , please contact carolyn a . straehle , coordinator , school of languages and linguistics , 303 intercultural center , georgetown university , washington , dc 20057 - 1067 ; ( e-mail ) gurt @ guvax . bitnet or gurt @ guvax . georgetown . edu ; ( voice ) 202-687 - 5726 . how to contact gls 1995 registrations and requests for information about gls 1995 , developments in discourse analysis , may be addressed to the georgetown linguistics society : gls 1995 georgetown university department of linguistics 479 intercultural center washington , d . c . 20057-1068 internet : gls @ guvax . georgetown . edu bitnet : gls @ guvax . bitnet voice : 202-687 - 6166 regularly updated information about gls 1995 is also available through the world - wide web georgetown linguistics home page : http : / / www . georgetown . edu / cball / gu _ lx . html _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pre-registration form for * * gls 1995 * * ( please provide your name and affiliation as you wish them to appear on your badge . ) name : affiliation : mailing address : e - mail address : phone number : registration fee . please remit the appropriate registration fee in the form of a check or money order made payable to """" georgetown university """" : student non - student preregistration ( through feb . 10 ) $ 20 . 00 $ 30 . 00 on - site registration $ 30 . 00 $ 40 . 00 other needs : if you have any special requirements other than those listed below , please inform the gls no later than january 15 , 1995 so that appropriate arrangements may be made . do you require american sign language interpretation ? do you want crash space ? ( space is limited . priority will be given to students on a first-come basis . ) do you want to be added to a room-sharing distribution list ? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please distribute this announcement as widely as possible . thank you .
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 679,""Subject: conf : salsa iii
  
  greetings from the salsa organizing committee ! ! here is the awaited call for papers for salsa iii . please forward this message to those who may be interested , or post this notice in your department . we are looking forward to seeing y ' all in april ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * s a l s a * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for papers the symposium about language and society - austin is pleased to announce its first annual meeting to be held april 7 - 9 , 1995 at the university of texas at austin . abstracts are invited on topics concerning the relationship between language , culture and society . these include but are not limited to : linguistic anthropology variation and social networks natural discourse ethnography of communication speech play , verbal art , and poetics discourse - based approaches to language and culture * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1995 keynote speakers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * michael silverstein university of chicago keith walters university of texas at austin papers delivered at the conference will be published in a special edition of the texas linguistic forum . speakers will be allowed 20 minutes for presentation and 10 minutes for discussion . please submit six copies of an anonymous proposal which may not exceed 1 page ( unreduced ) to the address below . the abstract * should include a specific statement of the topic or issue , a brief description of the relevant data and the conclusions . abstracts should be accompanied by a 3x5 card with the following information : 1 ) the title of the paper 2 ) author 's name ( s ) 3 ) author 's affiliation 4 ) address and phone number at which the author wishes to be notified . abstracts must be received by january 17 . 1995 . late abstracts will not be accepted , and we can not accept papers which are to be published elsewhere . notification of acceptance or rejection will be sent in mid february , 1995 . registration fees will be $ 15 for students and $ 25 for non-students . papers must be received by early may , 1995 to be included in the published proceedings . send all correspondence to : salsa department of linguistics ut austin austin , tx . 78712-1196 . email : salsa @ utxvms . cc . utexas . edu . * note : we can not accept abstracts sent via email .
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 680,""Subject: sum : native speaker intuitions
  
  several weeks ago i posted a question about the current status of """" native speaker intutions """" in our discipline . in particular , i wondered about the problems posed by variations in the interpretation of sentences . such variations sometimes become apparent when i teach """" modern english grammar , """" a course that treats english syntax in nonformal , surface-structure terms and primarily is aimed at nonlinguists . in my post , i mentioned two sentences that gave rise to varying intuitions , but i will discuss in this summary only the first , viz . , """" john asked mary to leave , """" which one student claimed was ambiguous between the reading where mary would do the leaving and that in which john would do the leaving . she claimed she got this second reading by thinking something like """" john asked to leave , """" which clearly means that john would leave , and who he asked was mary . before i continue this discussion , i must point out that in my class i did not solicit interpretations of this sentence , nor did i expect any challenges to my reading , which i essentially presupposed , assuming - - erroneously - - that all my students saw it as i did . perhaps i did not make this point clear in my posting to this list , since several respondents implied that problems will arise when we solicit interpretations or judgments , or indeed if we do """" generative """" grammar at all . however , though my approach to syntax in this course is not generative and i did not request an interpretation for this sentence , students sometimes will challenge my assumptions about meaning . if the students involved were merely contentious , then i would chalk up such differences to personality and continue unabashed . but describing my students as contentious in this case would certainly be a distortion . their observations arose , it seems to me , out of a genuine desire to come to grips with the issue . several respondents pointed out that recent research in syntax has had to deal with the thorny issue of interpretation . georgia green reports that one of her students , tim williams , """" has just completed a dissertation on infinitive complements , and one of the major points is that , as illustrated by the reaction to . . . ' john asked mary to leave , ' the subject of the infinitive in so - called equi constructions is not syntactically fixed . ( his dissertation deals with articulating the pragmatic principles that govern the interpretation , and misled us for so long into thinking that the interpretation was syntactically fixed . ) """" both dan alford and dale russell noted that the interpretation of a sentence such as """" john asked mary to leave """" as meaning """" john asked mary 's permission to leave """" could be enhanced if there were a power / status differential between the two nps . dale wrote that """" real-world stuff makes us lean toward one [ reading ] or the other to the point where we ' re not even aware of the potential ambiguity . """" he provides an example of such real-world stuff in """" johnny asked the teacher to go get a drink of water , """" a sentence in which it is far easier to read the subject of the sentence as also being the subject of the infinitive . he points out that """" we ' ve only changed lexical items , made the first object someone who is likely to be in a position to grant permission , and the subject of the sentence someone who is likely to want to perform the action of the infinitival . """" following this line of inquiry , tony bex offers an enlightening pair of examples : [ 1 ] the teacher asked the child to leave the room . [ 2 ] the child asked the teacher to leave the room . he contends that these sentences """" are typically interpreted pragmatically taking into account perceived authority ; i . e . , in [ 1 ] the teacher tells the child to leave ; in [ 2 ] the child asks whether s / he can leave . """" in either case , it is likely that it is the child who will be leaving . i should note that this pair of examples proved to be particularly amusing and illuminating to my students - - especially to those who , like me , found the ' permission ' reading peculiar . tony 's examples demonstrated to them to what extent pragmatic knowledge plays a part in interpretation . the responses to the infinitive problem constituted only one of several lines pursued by my respondents . some , who like me teach undergraduate syntax courses , commented on the difficulty a few students have with even rudimentary syntactic analysis ( e . g . , the subject / predicate split , often claimed to be a universal strategy among english speakers ) . others commented on the familiar problem of intuition fatigue ( which could be summed up as """" say a weird string 50 times and it sounds good ; say a good string 50 times and it sounds weird """" ) . and still others took issue with the entire enterprise of a separate syntax , particularly of the generative variety , though by now it should be clear that any decontextualized sentence has the potential to give rise to more than one intepretation . in fact this very idea is discussed in carson schutze 's forthcoming book , _ the empirical base of linguistics : grammaticality judgments and linguistic methodology _ , to be published by university of chicago press in 1995 . in his post to me , carson contends that judgment data """" can provide real , useful data , if we would just be more systematical and careful about how we collect them . of course speakers will differ on certain points . . . . the interesting question is whether the range of variation we find is systematically constrained in ways that interesting theories of grammar can explain . """" finally , one last thread was contributed by larry hutchinson , who mentioned the history of introspection in this century : """" in point of fact , the first psychology labs had been set up by introspectionists , but they were completely taken over by behaviorists and introspection dumped . . . . linguists in the 50 's were pretty much under the sway of behaviorists , and emotionally against introspectionism . . . . but then the enthusiasm generated by chomsky just swept away the behaviorist viewpoint , and along with it the contempt for the unguided use of speaker opinions . """" i thank all of my respondents ( cited below ) for their insightful and helpful remarks . i hope i have not distorted their positions in any serious way . marilyn silva respondents : dan alford , mark arnold , laurie bauer , kirk belnap , tony bex , scott delancey , jakob dempsey , susan ervin - tripp , georgia green , larry hutchinson , ingo plag , jim jewett , jules levin , chris li , steve matthews , dan maxwell , micheal palmer , jeanmarie rouhier , dale russell , mary ellen ryder , carson schutze , linda shockey , jacques steyn , and one respondent who prefers to remain anonymous
 "",0
 681,""Subject: re : 5 . 1265 linguistics as """" science """"
  
  in reference to the excellent review of """" linguistics and the notion of science """" i would like to point out one small inaccuracy . at the end of the post there is a quote from a beatles song , * fool on the hill * . while this is credited solely to john lennon , the song was actually written by paul mccartney ( paul can be seen singing the song in one of the first """" rock videos """" ever made in the film * magical mystery tour * ) . although lennon and mccartney throughout the beatles career-span shared songwriter credits , they stopped active collaboration ( with some exceptions such as * a day in the life * ) since about 1965 . what does this trivia have to do with linguistics ? well , the music of the beatles and the language they used , have influenced millions of people the world over . as a young boy growing up in india i fell in love with their music which helped me considerably in both learning the english language and appreciating western culture . those linguists who are interested in acculturation ( are there any on this list ? please contact me at the email addres below ) could study global influences like the prevalence of fiction novels , hollywoood movies , tv ( cnn ) , and pop music to account for the spread of the english language in other cultures . since the study of culture and language go hand in hand , linguistics necessarily is a multidisciplinary field that would have to include sociological , historical , and psychological approaches . to coin a phrase that sums it up ( with apologies to albert einstein ) : cultural studies that ignore language are lame , and linguistics that ignores culture is blind hemant desai univ of nebraska - lincoln email : hdesai @ unl . edu
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 682,""Subject: jobs in computational lexicography : portuguese , italian , dutch .
  
  temporary positions available in computational lexicography : portuguese , dutch , italian rank xerox research centre grenoble france the lexical technology development project at the rank xerox research centre ( near grenoble , france ) is seeking computational lexicographers for temporary positions in portuguese , dutch and italian . applicants should be native speakers of the language in question and should also be able to communicate reasonably well in french and english . the work will involve 1 ) testing existing morphological analyzers and generators 2 ) adding new baseforms to online lexicons 3 ) improving taggers , tokenizers , etc . applicants should be capable of making sophisticated judgments concerning category ( part-of - speech ) tagging , verb conjugation , noun and adjective inflection , the formation of diminutive , augmentative and superlative forms , etc . the italian and portuguese positions are estimated to last six months . the dutch position will last one month . for practical considerations , strong preference will be given to candidates from the e . e . c . , especially those who already live in the grenoble area and have valid french work permits . please address all applications and questions to : rank xerox research centre kenneth beesley 6 , chemin de maupertuis 38240 meylan , france or ken . beesley @ xerox . fr * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * kenneth r . beesley ken . beesley @ xerox . fr rank xerox research centre 6 , chemin de maupertuis 38240 meylan , france
 "",0
 683,""Subject: job openings
  
  job openings re - posting : we have now filled one of these positions , but are still accepting applications . if you have interest in the positions , please do n't hesitate to call me at ( 309 ) 675-7339 . - - christine kamprath caterpillar inc . , the world 's leading manufacturer of heavy earthmoving equipment , and a major publisher and translator of technical publications worldwide , has three job openings for people to work on various aspects of implementing their automated machine translation ( amt ) system in their production writing and translating work environment . the three positions are these : 1 . caterpillar technical english ( cte ) language trainer 2 . cte language mentor 3 . amt coordinator the caterpillar amt system relies on controlled english input ( to be written in cte , a rich subset of the vocabulary and grammatical structures of english tailored to the needs of caterpillar 's technical documents ) , which is monitored by sophisticated linguistic software to be used by the writer as he / she writes technical documents . the cte language trainer and mentor will be expected to acquire a thorough understanding of cte and the linguistic editing software , assist in preparing and maintaining training materials and in developing writing guidelines , and provide assistance and mentoring to technical writers as they learn to use cte and the software . the trainer will conduct training classes for the technical writing staff . in addition to these training roles , the people filling these two positions will assist the cte / amt team in the ongoing development and maintenance of cte and the editing software . the role of the amt coordinator in the amt process is to oversee testing and integration of the amt system into the translations document production environment . the amt coordinator is to design and monitor quality assurance testing of amt output , identify and collect problem reports , and oversee routing and resolution of the issues raised . the amt coordinator will thus need to acquire a thorough knowledge of cte vocabulary and grammar , the cte editing software , amt grammar mechanisms , and the amt software , as well as have a familiarity with hardware and systems issues . in addition to these tasks , the amt coordinator will assist the cte / amt team in the ongoing development and maintenance of the cte and amt systems . minimally these positions involve the tasks listed here . however , people with greater background in linguistics and nlp would have the opportunity to participate deeply in these aspects of the project . this project is groundbreaking its scope and in its use of sgml tags within sentences to be parsed and translated . candidates for all three positions should possess knowledge and experience of general linguistic principles ; innovative interest in authoring and editing issues , substantive experience and / or ability in training and mentoring in grammar and software use , and excellent writing skills . the positions require a ba or ma in linguistics , english , or related discipline , skills in the above-mentioned areas , and native-speaker competence of english . a knowledge of sgml tagging , natural language processing issues and principles , and the terminology and mechanics of the heavy machinery industry would be very helpful . in addition , the amt coordinator position requires familiarity with translation issues of at least one of the languages addressed by the amt system ( romance languages , german , russian ) . applications , including a curriculum vitae or resume and the names of three references , should be sent to : dr . christine kamprath , senior computational linguist amt / cte project technical information division building n1-a180 600 w . washington street east peoria , il 61630-0371 screening for these positions has begun ; the positions will be staffed as soon as qualified candidates are found . applications may be sent by fax or mail ; queries will be accepted by phone or e-mail as well . e-mail : ckkz8d1 @ cat . com or ckampra @ heartland . bradley . edu fax : ( 309 ) 675-9773 phone : ( 309 ) 675-7339
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 684,""Subject: postdoctoral fellowships in cognitive science available
  
  the institute for research in cognitive science ( ircs ) at the university of pennsylvania provides opportunities for several postdoctoral positions in cognitive science . the deadline for applications is february 1 , 1995 . to apply , please send a cover letter indicating your proposed research , including a statement about how you would benefit from working in our interdisciplinary environment , your resume , and have two or three referees send letters of reference directly to : postdoctoral fellow selection committee institute for research in cognitive science university of pennsylvania 400c 3401 walnut street philadelphia , pa 19104-6228 the university of pennsylvania is an affirmative action / equal opportunity employer .
 "",0
 685,""Subject: sum : linguistics and imperialism
  
  some two weaks ago i posted a question on whether linguistics has it 's origin in imperialistic effords . i pointed to cases like arabic grammar , latin and sanskrit . ( the sanskrit case quite obviously did not fit ) o . k . , i put it in a provokative fashion , formulated more sharply than i really had it in mind . the reactions were vivid . the case of india ( sanskrit ) : it was pointed out that in the sanskrit case the concern was to preserve the """" correct """" language which was in danger of beeing lost otherwise which would have made religious texts unreadable . ( michael newman , karl v . teeter , mechthild reh , european cases : generally , the intention was more the emancipation from latin and / or to give the own country a status as respectable as the roman empire . ( michael newman , mechthild reh ) spanish : the first grammar was published 1492 , before the the concest of america , at the time of the fall of the kingdom of granada . ( michael newman ) nynorsk : the rise and conception of nynorsk ( landsmaal ) in norway in the 1800s was part of the nationalist reaction to danish rule ( imperialism ) . that 's a long story , but nynorsk never succeeded in dominating norway , i ' m afraid . ( jon hareide aarbakke ) linguistics as an emancipatory efford : ( mechthild reh , see gupta below , ) the term """" imperialistic """" : > i think it is inappropriate to use terms like > """" imperialist """" that only make sense once the conquest and > subjugation of > other peoples came to be seen as perhaps somewhat unethical . no > one at the times you were speaking of would have done that , so > the term is anachronistic . ( michael newman ) are linguists imperialists ? several people asked wheather i was thinking in that direction . i certainly do n't ! ! linguistics can help to answer lots of questions ( see the greek sophistic tradition ) . the question was more to what made any linguistic attempt suddenly beeing successful on a national level . thus , my idea refers more to linguistics beeing ( mis ) used than beeing evil . ( actually , i ' m a linguist as well ) . general aggreement : > grammar books in english came into being in the > 18th century , together with the early dictionaries , and > most people say that this is to do with the insecurity > of middle-class english speakers faced with a language > that was being latinised . and interestingly , the > british ventures to india and north america i think > also coincided with the period . ( i ' m afraid i have n't > really got the actual dates , so what i ' m giving is > from memory . ) > peter tan however , as anthea fraser gupta points out , > spence ( 18c orthoepist ) was a millenarian and an early socialist . he believed that if > everyone pronounced correctly , social discrimination based on accent > would disappear and everyone would be equal . then the millenium would > come , etc . > it seems to me that in general , conditions which favor imperialism > in a society might also favor the growth of all kinds of studies in > that society - - a society which can afford to work on expansion can > afford to support people who are functioning as intellectuals . > i also > think it 's natural that when a society goes through an imperialistic > phase , all kinds of resources which exist in that society are bent to > the purpose of supporting the imperialist expansion . marion kee > i 'd heard theories that prescriptionist grammar arose in the united > states as a way of reclaiming the diminishing boundries between the > social classes . an idiolect today can certainly reflect social class , > so i was curious about the early works . i found in these early english > grammars much more reference to religion and to past glories of the > language / english people than i would have guessed . in the 1700 's , it > appears that the justification of using well-constructed language > was that language was ( 1 ) an hommage to god , since most early > grammarians > apparently believed that language was a divine gift and the way to > separate man and beast , and ( 2 ) that the earlier idea of latin or > greek being a near-perfectly constructed language had shifted over to > english ; they believe that proper care of english had succeed in nearly > perfecting it , and the efforts must continue . tom mcclive > when a new science > is developped , the state always wants to use it in an imperialistic > way . the origin _ per se _ of the science is not imp . but its first > use ( the oldest we can still observe , at least ) is for the good of > the state . marc a . belanger tips for further reading : pennycook , alastair . 1989 . the concept of method , interested knowledge , and the politics of language teaching . tesol quarterly 23 : 589 . transactions of the philological society 1974 , 33-64 ( under the name anthea frser shields ) university of chicago press , _ the politics of linguistics _ .
 "",0
 686,""Subject: re : 5 . 1240 internet - accessible linguistic data-sources
  
  internet - accessible linguistic data-sources we ' ve appended the list of linguistic resources we have so far . we know this is incomplete . can you help us find what 's missing - - and keep us informed of anything new that appears as time passes ? regards anthony & helen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ here below a www server related to a european lingua project . regards laurent * * * * * * * general sources of linguistic information * * * * * * * * automatic parallel concordancing in six european community languages ( lingua project ) http : / / www . loria . fr / exterieur / equipe / dialogue / lingua / lingua . html _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ laurent romary ( romary @ loria . fr ) equipe dialogue crin-cnrs & inria lorraine batiment loria , b . p . 239 f - 54506 vandoeuvre les nancy tel : 83 59 20 37 fax : 83 41 30 79
 "",0
 687,""Subject: seeing the barn red
  
  an ad by yale university press in the latest issue of the new york review of books announces a volume of poetry by valerie wohlfeld entitled thinking the world visible . perhaps the poet has been reading this list . bob rothstein ( rar @ slavic . umass . edu )
 "",0
 688,""Subject: nels fall conference dates
  
  next year 's nels conference will be jointly hosted by harvard university and mit . we are hoping to set the conference for a date when it will not conflict with other major , or nearby conferences . if you are hosting such a conference next fall , and have already set a date , please send me e-mail by wednesday , nov . 16 . martha jo mcginnis , mit
 "",0
 689,""Subject: info re : wilhelm von timroth
  
  is there somebody who could help me to get in touch with wilhelm von timroth , a german slavist / sociolinguist ? i ' ve checked lists and nameservers that i know of , without success . i have a copy of his ( translated ) dissertation from the philosophy faculty of ludwig - maximilians university , munich and believe he may still be in munich . many thanks in advance . mark pepevnak department of linguistics university of toronto ( pepevnak @ epas . utoronto . ca )
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 690,""Subject: universals
  
  suppose i have a language which inflects verbs for person , number , and sometimes gender of subject , inflects nps for case and number , has freeish word order , and commonly """" drops """" subject pronouns and in which there is a special inflection on verbs which indicates that the understood subject is impersonal and no overt subject phrase ( full np or pronoun ) can then occur , but otherwise everything is the same as with normal verb forms . would such a language violate anybody 's favorite universals in any current framework .
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 691,""Subject: query : writing and phonology
  
  are there many languages with contrastive vowel length which dont represent vowel length in the writing system ? this does happen when someone with a poor understanding of the language devises a writing system for it from outside , or when a vowel length language adopts a writing system from a non-vowel - length language , but i would be interested to hear of cases of indigenous writing systems that ignore such an important aspect of phonology . the reason for my interest is korean . it is often said to have contrastive vowel length , at least in certain word-pairs , and yet it does not show it in the script . the fact it doesnt - coupled with the fact that native speakers have difficulty picking which word has the long vowel - seems to me like an argument for treating the distinction as one of accent or stress rather than vowel length . but the argument depends on how common it is for writing systems to ignore vowel length . what do people think ? reply to me and i ' ll make a summary of responses if there are several . thanks helen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hfraser @ metz . une . edu . au ( 129 . 180 . 4 . 1 ) helen fraser ( dr ) dept of linguistics university of new england armidale nsw 2351 australia phone 067 73 2128 / 3189 fax 067 73 3735
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 692,""Subject: women 's studies , northern illinois university
  
  position announcement northern illinois university women 's studies program director northern illinois university invites applications for a full-time director of its women 's studies program . the program is administratively housed in the college of liberal arts and sciences and offers general education courses , an undergraduate minor , and a graduate-level concentration . it enjoys student and faculty involvement from through-out the university . the director will have limited teaching responsibilities and opportunities for teaching in advanced women 's studies courses and in the candidate 's academic discipline . with the assistance of the program advisory committee , the director is responsible for budget , planning , curriculum design and scheduling , and for representing the program on university-level committees . doctorate or terminal degree in academic discipline required . ph . d . in women 's studies or in a discipline central to women 's studies and administrative experience preferred . candidates also must exhibit a strong record of effective teaching and research with credentials appropriate to a tenure-track associate professor position . interests in intersections of race , class , and gender and / or cross-cultural perspectives on women , program development , multi-cultural curriculum transformation , and student advising especially desirable . minorities , persons with disabilities , and women are encouraged to apply . twelve month contract . salary commensurate with qualifications . send application letter , vita , and have three letters of recommendation forwarded to : chair , director search committee women 's studies program northern illinois university dekalb , illinois 60115-2854 deadline : all application materials must be received by february 1 , 1995 . northern illinois university is an affirmative action / equal opportunity employer .
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 693,""Subject: university of alabama , ma-tesol program
  
  the department of english of the university of alabama invites applications for a tenure track assistant professor position in our m . a . - tesol program , starting in august of 1995 . duties include teaching ( 2 courses / semester ) , research and service ; our m . a . - tesol faculty work closely with our colleagues in ua 's english language institute ( eli ) . a ph . d . in applied linguistics or tesol is required , with strengths in language teaching methodology and second language acquisition theory . competence in at least one other language is expected , and international teaching experience is highly desirable . preference will be given to candidates who have an interest in working with our faculty in rhetoric and composition , and who would welcome collaboration with colleagues in foreign language departments through our emerging m . a . t . program in the college of arts and sciences . we will also give preference to candidates with an interest in classroom-oriented research , who see research opportunities in ( 1 ) our large freshman composition program with separate sections for non-native english speakers , ( 2 ) ua 's independently-administered intensive eli with a large internal program and frequent external programs , and ( 3 ) ua 's well-developed self-instructional language program ( critical languages ) . located on the black warrior river in west-central alabama , tuscaloosa is a university town of about 100 , 000 people with a mild climate and reasonable living costs . we are 50 miles southwest of birmingham and within a half day 's drive of atlanta , the great smoky mountains , nashville , memphis , new orleans and the gulf coast . send letter of application , c . v . , names of 3 references , and any representative publications to catherine davies , chair of the tesol search committee , dept . of english , box 870244 , university of alabama , tuscaloosa , alabama , 35487-0244 . the university of alabama is an affirmative action / equal opportunity employer . the search will remain open until the position is filled ; however , the search committee will begin reviewing applications on dec . 1 , 1994 . there is a possibility that we may interview at the lsa meeting in new orleans ( as well as at the aaal / tesol meetings in long beach if necessary ) ; applicants should let us know about their conference plans . catherine e . davies dept . of english , box 870244 university of alabama tuscaloosa , alabama 35487-0244 ( 205 ) 348-9522
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 694,""Subject: university of durham : chair in japanese
  
  you may know that there is now a generative linguistics department at the university of durham ( m davenport , j emonds , sj hannahs , bd schwartz m tallerman , m young - scholten + elt specialists ) . the japanese programme is now also expanding . however , the only present lecturer of japanese is w mcclure , formal semantics ( cornell phd - - and longtime organiser of tas in japanese there ) . mcclure is presently the basis of enlarging japanese in an east asian department , which before now has focused on chinese . now , a new japanese professorship is open . a curious characteristic of the university of durham is that searches for staff members are set up to last literally for days rather than weeks . as a loyal member of the linguistics department , no further comment on this strange fact of life . nonetheless , the administration is honestly determined to hire from the best candidates - - but of course , this means everything is done in no ( or dammed little ) time . thus , an absolutely top candidate is being searched for - - within two weeks . the closing date is 2 dec . the preferred area is history , literature , politics or social studies within japanese studies . however , a good solid sociolinguist , even one with a generative component , might compare very well with whatever other candidates this brief search unearths . that is , the very brevity of the search can favour a candidate not quite in the core area being sought . in fact , not ' can ' but ' will ' - - and has , and is the key to this message . lots of publications are the main thing . moreover , durham is also a bit short on top women staff . a sociolinguistic woman professor of japanese might sit quite well as a candidate . might be a nice sideways move to get around the glass ceiling in one 's own country - - a quick move up ( what the heck if the food is n't so great , it 's damp , there 's no good showers , etc . ) . look at that list of linguists above , and consider all the linguistic events , conferences , research grants , etc . that have recently involved durham . the people above are friendly too . post begins 1 oct . 1995 or as soon as possible thereafter . send a cv , as detailed as possible , with full career history and publications and any grants awarded , and a covering letter to : mr . jack boyd , director of personnel university of durham old shire hall durham dh1 3hp uk include the names , addresses , tel . and fax numbers of 3 referees , and indicate dates in jan . and feb . when you could not be present in durham for interview . only uk residents need to send 5 copies ; all others just one . there is also a special form ( 1 page ) which mr . boyd will send you ( or a linguist at this e-mail address will fax it to you if you send us a small note as to who you are ) .
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 695,""Subject: query on unpublished manuscripts by prince , etc .
  
  dear linguists ! can anyone please help me in finding the following manuscripts : mccarthy , j . & a . prince . 1993 . prosodic morphology i . ms . u . mass . , rutgers . prince , a . & p . smolensky . 1993 . optimality theory . ms . u . colorado , rutgers . zubizarreta , m . l . 1993 . some prosodically motivated syntactic operations . ms . usc . any help would be appreciated ! * * * * * * * * * * michael voeltz * * * * * * * * * * * * institut fuer anglistik und amerikanistik * * philipps - universitaet marburg * * wilhelm - roepke - str . 6d * * 35032 marburg * * germany * * tel . : 06421 / 285578 * * email : voeltz @ mailer . uni-marburg . de * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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 696,""Subject: german-english automatic translator
  
  dear fellows , we are looking for an automatic translator of german - english . something to which a user can send texts in one of this languages and receive the translation into the other language . it can be a semi-automatic software where the translation is not ' high-end ' , but with quality enough to save some work to an office secretary . do someone know where to find ( shareware preferably ) such a software ? thanks , a . santos = = adelino santos - fraunhofer institute for computer graphics ( fhg - igd ) dept . of cooperative and hypermedia systems wilhelminenstr . 7 tel : + 49 6151 155239 64283 darmstadt fax : + 49 6151 155299 germany mail : santos @ igd . fhg . de
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 697,""Subject: prototypical vso lg ?
  
  i need good examples of """" consistent """" vso language for the typology chapter in an introductory textbook of linguistics . can anyone on the list name such a language and , if possible , provide me with concrete word order data ? by """" consitent vso language """" i mean one which exhibit all the following features : 1 ) the predicate verb generally occurs sentence-initially : e . g . kills mary bear . went john to school . 2 ) the attributive adjective follows the head noun : e . g . girl beautiful child small 3 ) the numeral follows the head noun : e . g . child ( ren ) three girl ( s ) ten 4 ) the genitive attribute follows the head noun : e . g . car john 's house father 's 5 ) the language is prepositional . e . g . in house on table or am i perhaps mistaken in assuming that a """" prototypical """" vso language should show all of the above mentioned features ? thank you in advance for enlightening me . kazuto matsumura kmatsum @ tansei . cc . u-tokyo . ac . jp - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ilcaa , tokyo university of foreign studies nishigahara 4-51 - 21 , kita - ku , tokyo 114 japan tel : + 81 - 3-5974 - 3801 fax : + 81 - 3-5974 - 3838 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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 698,""Subject: franz boas
  
  dear fellow linguists . i am a graduate student in taichung , taiwan . recently , i am interested in boas ' life , personality , and work . it is not easy to find the materials about him here . could anyone of you give me some suggestions , ( maybe ) materials . thank you so much for your good advices . rose huang
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 699,""Subject: bloomfield
  
  dear fellow linguists , i am a student at a graduate institute in taichung , taiwan . i specially interested in austronisian languages . presently , i am doing my research on the yami language in the orchid island . however , i develope a great interest in the life and work of leonard bloomfield , too . and i would like to learn from his example in my own study and research . i had seen that it is not easy to find materials about bloomfield 's personality , contributions , background , and works . does anyone of you have an idea how i should proceed or can you give me some materials relating to him ? thank you so much . amy wang
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 700,""Subject: re : 5 . 1305 qs : canadian american , ipa - fonts for dos , genre analysis ,
  
  it may be of general interest to note some differences between canadian and american accents , bearing in mind that both types of accents vary quite a bit , and that what is characteristic of some parts of canada may be characteristic of some parts of the us . for example , one of the most widespread characteristics of canadian english is the merger of short o and long open o , e . g . , hock vs . hawk . although this is also characteristic of certain areas of the us , they are generally not contiguous with the canadian areas of the merger . thus , most of the us border area with canada maintains a distinction . this , then , is a striking contrast , geographically , between canada and the adjacent us at most points . the stereotypical canadian feature , for canadians themselves , and for others who know ( including those who must have handed the canadians their self-stereotype ) is the pronunciation of / aw / as in """" out """" , """" house """" , etc . the nucleus is mid rather than low , so that it sounds something like long o as in """" oat """" as spoken by standard british or philadelphian speakers . commonalities between canada and the adjacent us , similar to the last mentioned feature , is the raising of the nucleus of / ay / as in """" right """" . this seems to keep getting discussed in the context of causing a vowel contrast between """" writer """" and """" rider """" . the canadian and upstate ny contrast has to do with height along the center of vowel space , rather than along the periphery ( central vs . back nucleus ) as in new york city . upstate ny at least , though , seems to be distinct in canada by the more extreme raising of the nucleus of / ay / , and it often sound fronted , as if like a more widespread american / ey / sound , as in """" eight """" . canada is more extreme than the adjacent us in its raising ( from low to mid ) of the / aw / nucleus - the stereotype i discussed above . i have not seen discussion elsewhere of how canadian english deals with short o before r in open syllables . more than most american dialects , it lengthens and raises them to merge with long o , so that """" sorry """" rhymes with """" story """" . this is rare for the words """" sorry """" , """" sorrow """" , """" borrow """" and a few others across us dialects , although it is general in r-ful areas for """" forest """" , """" orange """" and most such words . in this case , the adjacent us dialects , e . g . , northern wisconsin , agree with canada , so that there is a continuum , not the striking border distinction observed for the hock : hawk merger . that 's enough , although i welcome observations on other and more localised canadian and border us dialects . as for the british , when they have an american actor and do n't want to make anything out of the fact that he 's american in a film , they call him canadian - - in order to explain the accent . apparently they do n't hear the difference - - i guess they only hear flapped t 's , but think americans have to be stereotyped as characters , while canadians have more latitude .
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 701,""Subject: lat . amer . indian lit . symposium
  
  call for papers 12th international symposium on latin american indian literatures 19-23 june 1995 universidad nacional autonoma de mexico , mexico city topics / presentation time the development of topics may be from the perspective of anthropology , art , astronomy , architecture , bibliography , codices , history , ethnohistory , indigenista literature , linguistics , literary studies , medicine , religion , rock art , etc . , and must be clearly and directly related to indigenous literatures . delivery time shall be 30 minutes followed by 10 minutes for questions . abstracts / deadline to be considered , four copies ( typewritten , double spaced ) of a 150-200 word abstract in english or spanish should be sent to : monica barnes , program chair , 377 rector place , apt . 11j , new york , ny 10280 . please include your name , complete address , phone number , and fax ( if you have one ) on the abstract . 1995 dues of $ 25 . 00 ( $ 5 . 00 for students or retirees ) must be paid to laila / alila or accompany the abstract along with the symposium fee of $ 45 . 00 ( $ 12 . 00 for students or retirees ) . ( if this presents difficulties , contact the program chair . ) please make check payable to laila / alila . the absolute deadline for the receipt of abstracts is jan . 31 , 1995 . since many individuals must have confirmation at an earlier date in order to secure funding from their institutions , each abstract will be evaluated by referees and notification will be mailed to the submitter within six weeks after receipt . excursions : 16-18 june 1995 to teotihuacan , cacaxtla , tlaxcala , and museums in mexico city . publication of selected symposium papers papers will be evaluated by three referees and chosen for quality and development of the topic . for information about laila / alila membership , contact dr . mary h . preuss president , laila / alila the pennsylvania state university , mckeesport university drive mckeesport , pa 15132-7698 e - mail contact : ron anderson united states international university san diego , ca 92131 randerso @ sanac . usiu . edu
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 702,""Subject: call for papers
  
  call for papers 1st annual conference on spanish for native speakers : new directions for the 21st century may 17-19 , 1995 department of languages and linguistics new mexico state university , las cruces , new mexico sponsored by the institute of spanish for native speakers director : cecilia rodriguez pino supported by the college of arts and sciences and the minority recruitment and retention committee , nmsu abstract deadline : january 16 , 1995 call for papers which focus on , but are not limited to : * empirical research in the sns classroom * sns theory which deals with education at the primary , secondary and university levels * integration of chicano literature in the sns classroom * content based instruction * research in related fields which impacts sns theory , curriculum and outcome assessment also included will be a publishers / authors working session send a one page abstract to : daniel villa , chair sns organizing committee dept . of languages and linguistics , nmsu las cruces , new mexico 88003 ( 505 ) 646-1230 , fax ( 505 ) 646-7876 internet : dvilla @ nmsu . edu bitnet : dvilla @ nmsuvm1 if possible , please submit abstracts by e-mail * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * working papers of the institute of spanish for native speakers editors : cecilia rodriguez pino and daniel villa a selection of papers presented at the conference on spanish for native speaker : new directions for the 21st century , will be published in a series of working papers to be housed at the institute of spanish for native speakers at new mexico state university . this series is dedicated to facilitating communication and to sharing information among those interested in issues relating to the teaching of spanish to native speakers of the language . authors will retain the copyright to their papers . papers should be submitted on disk , either in wordperfect , nota bene or ascii format , and should follow the guidelines of the mla handbook . a principal goal of the working papers is to make the accepted works available in as timely a manner as possible ; submitting papers in electronic format will facilitate the publication process . copies of the working papers will be available in hard copy , on disk , or on-line through ftp ( file transfer protocol ) . we strongly encourage those interested in obtaining copies to consider electronic formats , in order to minimize the impact on scarce resources . the cost of copies on paper and on disk will be announced at the conference . papers must be submitted to the editors by june 1 , 1995 , for consideration for publication . please send to the institute of spanish for native speakers , box 30001 , dept . 3l , nmsu , las cruces , nm 88003 , or submit in person at the conference .
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 703,""Subject: cfp - recent advances in nlp
  
  mov """" ( kivs @ bgearn . bitnet ) , """" galja angelova """" ( galja @ bgearn . bitnet ) , """" george gargov """" ( gargov @ bitnet . bgearn ) , """" dan tufis """" < tufis @ roearn . ici . ac . ro > , ( tufis % roearn . ici . ro @ net . eu . rlay ) , """" pascal vaillant """" ( tapfer @ thomson-lcr . fr ) , < vaillant @ limsi . fr > , """" nikolay vazov """" ( vazov @ fr . limsi ) , nlpeople @ aisb , nlpeople @ cogsci , elsnet-list @ ed . cogsci , aisb @ sussex . cogs , bulg . gm @ applelink . apple . com , acl @ edu . columbia . cs , ikbsbb @ rl . inf , fj-ai @ jp . go . etl , linguist @ edu . tamu . tamvm1 , ln @ bitnet . frmop11 , nl-kr @ edu . rpi . cs , humanist @ edu . brown . brownvm , ln-fr @ bitnet . frmop11 , arpanet-bboard @ edu . mit . lcs . mc , ir-l @ bitnet . uccmvsa , """" eastern ( europe ) language engineering """" ( m5675 @ ie . eurokom ) , nl-kr @ com . sunnyside . ai , empiricists @ csli . stanford . edu , ectl-sub @ snowhite . cis . uoguelph . ca , corpora @ hd . uib . no , jqrqc @ cunyvm . cuny . edu , salt @ cstr . ed . ac . uk international conference """" recent advances in natural language processing """" 14-16 september 1995 velingrad , bulgaria topics of interest : papers reporting on recent advances in all aspects of natural language processing and language engineering are invited , including but not limited to : pragmatics , discourse , semantics , syntax , and the lexicon ; phonetics , phonology , and morphology ; text understanding and generation ; multilingual nlp , machine translation , machine-aidedf { { { { translation , translation aids and tools ; corpus-based language processing ; written and spoken natural language interfaces ; knowledge acquisition ; text summarization ; computer-assisted language learning ; language resources ; evaluation , assessment and standards in language engineering ; and theoretical and application-oriented papers related to nlp of every kind . the conference welcomes also new results in nlp based on modern alternative theories and methodologies to the mainstream techniques of symbolic nlp such as analogy-based , statistical , connectionist as well as hybrid and multimedia approaches . in general , the conference especially welcomes any contribution to the area of language engineering in view of the imminent developments in information technology . program committee : b . boguraev ( apple computer , cupertino ) c . boitet ( imag , grenoble ) k . s . choi ( kaist , taejon ) a . deroeck ( university of essex ) r . delmonte ( university of venice ) s . fincher ( university of edinburgh ) e . haijcova ( charles university , prague ) j . haller ( iai , saarbruecken ) p . jacobs ( sra , arlington ) a . joshi ( university of pennsylvania ) l . kartunen ( xerox grenoble ) m . kay ( xerox , palo alto ) r . kittredge ( university of montreal ) k . kukich ( bellcore , morristown ) j . mariani ( limsi , orsay ) c . martin - vide ( university rovira i virgili ) y . matsumoto ( nara institute of science and technology ) k . mckeown ( columbia university ) r . mitkov ( iai / institute of mathematics ) s . nirenburg ( new mexico state university ) h . somers ( umist , manchester ) p . seuren ( university of nijmegen ) o . stock ( irst , trento ) b . tsou ( city polytechnic of hong kong ) j . tsujii ( umist , manchester ) d . tufis ( romanian academy of sciences ) m . zock ( lismi , orsay ) invited speakers : a . joshi ( university of pennsylvania ) j . tsujii ( umist , manchester ) . paper submission : papers not exceeding 3500 words should be submitted via email ( preferably as plain text ) not later than 20 april 1995 to : ruslan @ iai . uni-sb . de the first page should also contain the surface and email address ( es ) of the author ( s ) , as well as the topic area . submission media : papers should be submitted electronically or in hard copy to : ruslan mitkov iai martin - luther str . 14 d-66111 saarbruecken germany if electronic submission is problematic ( e . g . due to non-standard format , characters , graphics ) not possible , 4 copies of the paper should be sent . schedule : authors must submit their papers by 20 april 1995 . notification of receipt will be mailed to the first author ( or designated author ) soon after receipt . authors will be notified of acceptance by 20 june 1995 . camera - ready versions of the accepted papers , preferably using a laser printer , must be received by 20 july 1995 . location : the town of velingrad is situated in a picturesque valley in the western rhodope mountains and is only 130km from sofia , the capital of bulgaria . the local organizers will provide a daily shuttle bus / conference taxi from sofia airport to the conference location at an inexpensive rate . sofia is easily accessible by plane from most of the major european cities ( e . g . daily flights or several flights per week from london , frankfurt , paris , zurich , vienna and other european cities ) . there are also direct flights to sofia from north america ( washington ) and asia ( singapore , bangkok , kuala lumpur ) . organizing committee : ruslan mitkov iai saarbruecken / institute of mathematics , sofia michael zock limsi , orsay , france manfred kudlek university of hamburg , germany nikolai nikolov incoma / school of computational linguistics , bulgaria nicolas nicolov dept . of ai , university of edinburgh , uk conference information : for further information contact : nicolas nicolov dept of artificial intelligence university of edinburgh 80 south bridge edinburgh eh1 1hn nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk tel : + 44-131 650 2727 fax : + 44-131 650 6516 anyone wishing to arrange an exhibit or present a demonstration should send a brief description together with a specification of physical requirements ( space , power , telephone connections , tables , etc . ) to the above address . the organisers can provide pcs and macintoshes . www and ftp : information about the international conference """" recent advances in natural language processing """" is available via : - www at url : http : / / www . dai . ed . ac . uk / misc / nlp _ conf . html - anonymous ftp from ftp . dai . ed . ac . uk in file : pub / user / adv _ nlp . ps here is an example of how to get the same file by ftp ( user input is underlined ) : $ ftp ftp . dai . ed . ac . uk ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ name ( ftp . dai . ed . ac . uk : nicolas ) : anonymous ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ password : ( - type in your email here ! ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ftp ) cd pub / user ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ftp ) get adv _ nlp . ps ( - postscript version ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ftp ) get adv _ nlp . txt ( - plain text file ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ related events : conference participants are also invited to take part in the international summer school """" contemporary topics in computational linguistics """" , which will take place just before the conference in tzigov chark , batak lake , only 20 km from velingrad . further information about the summer school can be obtained from prof . r . mitkov ( ruslan @ iai . uni-sb . de ) or nicolas nicolov ( nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk ) industrial participants / publishing companies : industrial participants are invited to demonstrate their nlp - related products as well as publishing companies to exhibit their new books on nlp . company representatives should inform nicolas nicolov ( nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk ) of their intention and publishing houses should contact dr . r . mitkov ( ruslan @ iai . uni-sb . de ) .
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 704,""Subject: * diachronica *
  
  moderators ' note in the interests of a balanced exchange of views , we publish the following reply to a posting by sheila embleton , an editor of diachronica . interchanges of this nature , however , are best carried out in forums other than linguist , and this will thus be our last posting on the topic . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * i am not sure why sheila embleton chose to attack me on linguist but briefly * diachronica * has accepted for publication a paper in which i am attacked personally - - and basically described as an idiot - - on the basis of remarks i made ( or am alleged to have made ) during oral discussion at a conference in ypsilanti last year . i have repeatedly told the author of the paper as well as the editors of * diachronica * that i consider this a rather dubious form of scholarship : i think people should be criticized on the basis of published statements , not oral remarks which cannot be checked for accuracy . moreover , criticizing in print remarks made at a conference during discussions is bound to have a chilling effect on such discussions . * diachronica * chose to disagree , and when i asked for an opportunity to respond to these attacks , i was told that they would not only not accept any rebuttal from me , they would not even consider one by me ( or even a coauthored one by me and others ) , and that furthermore they would not consider any submissions from me whatsoever for a period of at least 2 years . i have no objections to journals which have a policy of not allowing replies or which have a policy of limiting the number of publications by the same person , but in this case no existing policy was cited . as far as i can tell , some of the folks at * diachronica * just decided they do n't like me anymore . which still does not mean that they have the right to publish stuff that comes to close to being slanderous or , i think , to refuse people who have been maligned in print the right to reply ( however briefly ) . alexis manaster ramer
 "",0
 705,""Subject: re : """" snow """" 1 / 2
  
  about snow . . . first , i should apologize to tony for misunderstanding his cocktail advice - - his derivation of the origins of my misunderstanding is correct . second , i think that quotations from boas / whorf are very helpful and a good reminder to those of us in this debate . third , as to the question of whether or not sleet is related to snow . i do n't agree . it is , i agree , related ( and would be defined in relation to ) water , but ( at least i and a few other students that i asked ) would n't define it as a form of snow ( ditto for freezing rain ) . fourth , i agree with tony that """" counting """" has to be mediated by many considerations of grammatical structure in the compared languages and spread of the form in the speech community . but , i do n't think that this wipes out the ( admittedly small , but original ) point . fifth , i ' m going to sidestep the issue over ' lexicalization ' vs . ' complex construction ' because i do n't think that i share the same view as others on the importance / necessity of this distinction - - indeed , it is a bit ironic that another implication of sapir / whorf is that the view that our language is made up out of ' words ' and ' grammar ' ( constructions ) is precisely the kind of objectification , which we would expect and which formal distributional analyses show to be a simplification ) . as jonathan states , """" figuring out just what counts as a simple , lexicalised form is * very * hard in yup ' ik , given that it has a rich , higly productive derivational morphology """" . i agree and the answer would eventually have to draw lines along continua that i do n't think will be labelled ' lexical ' vs . ' construct ' ( and sapir offered some nice theoretical machinery for these kinds of comparative distinctions too ) . i still see only four ' arbitrary and unmotivated ' forms that deal specifically with 's now ' ( i . e . , snow , slush , blizzard , flurry ) . i ' ll leave it to others to decide whether or not various dialects of eskimo have more or less , but even if the point should fail here it still has life to it . so , i still find myself agreeing with the original insight . the point - - and not all that it has been used to argue - - has always seemed obvious to me . perhaps if we narrow the scope of the relevant speech community and bring it closer to home , it is easier to see . would n't we all accept the idea that _ on average _ lawyers ( vs . non-lawyers ) have more distinct forms for legal concepts than do others outside this community / culture ? ( and , of course , what we mean by distinct forms implies all of the complex relative distinctions hinted at above ) . similarly to take an example i know more about , statistically speaking arabs have more arbitrary and unmotivated forms for camels than english speakers ( even accounting for differences in the syntactico-semantic structures of the two languages ) . why does this simple - - and to be honest relatively uninteresting - - idea seem to bother people so much ? douglas j . glick department of anthropology vassar college doglick @ vassar . edu
 "",0
 706,""Subject: call for book proposals
  
  sage publications is seeking to expand its line of books and journals in the areas of theoretical linguistics , applied linguistics , psycholingusitics , computational linguistics , sociolinguistics , and cognitive linguistics . if you have a book or journal idea , or have considered writing a book or starting a journal , please read on . sage is a well known publisher within the fields of methodology , sociology , psychology , communication , evaluation , anthropology , and a variety of other disciplines and professions . you may be familiar with our quantitative applications in the social sciences series , also known as the """" little green books . """" for a book to be of interest to sage it must meet two criteria : 1 . it must be good work based on sound scholarship , and preferably break new ground ; 2 . it must have a reasonable prospect of selling several thousand copies over the 3 - 5 year life of an edition . the successful sage book will draw its audience from one or more of the following sources : 1 . the book might be a primary textbook for an undergraduate or graduate course . 2 . the book might be supplemental reading in an upper division undergraduate or graduate course , or one of several books assigned to a seminar . 3 . the book may serve as a reference work or be used for professional development , i . e . , a book bought by a scholar to serve as a reference or as an introduction to a subject . 4 . the book may be used as a tutorial by graduate students or for continuing education by professionals and scholars . 5 . the book may be purchased by libraries ( generally a function of topic relevance and a positive book review . ) i plan to attend both the mla conference in san diego and the lsa conference in new orleans . if you would like to contact me before the meetings , i can be reached at sage : j . alex schwartz linguistics editor sage publications , inc . thousand oaks , ca 91320 ( 805 ) 499 ? 0721 or e - mail c / o cat _ mcglothlin @ sagepub . com
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 707,""Subject: uk linguists : invitation
  
  i am forwarding the following message on behalf of the people who are responsible for inspecting teaching in all our linguistics departments . please circulate to colleagues who do n't subscribe to linguist . xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx """" 18 november 1994 1995-96 higher education quality assessment programme as you may be aware , the higher education funding council for england ( hefce ) is required under the terms of the further and higher education act 1992 to secure that provision is made for assessing the quality of education in institutions for whose activities they provide financial support . the council has welcomed this obligation and sees assessment of education as a vitally important part of its work . assessments are carried out within specific subject areas and assessors , who are experts in their fields , visit institutions to judge the quality of the student learning experience that they observe . one of the eight subjects to be covered in the 1995-96 programme is linguistics . other subjects which are included and which could be linked in assessment with linguistics are german & related languages , french , russian & eastern european languages , italian , and iberian . the subject specialist assessors must have industrial , commercial or professional experience in their subject , coupled with a broad knowledge of higher education : it is unlikely that anyone at a junior level will have sufficient authority . the minimum commitment will be to take part in four assessments visits between april 1995 and september 1996 ( a total commitment of 20 days of which just 14 will require an absence from the workplace ) . each specialist assessor will be paid a per diem rate of l150 including vat , and travel and subsistence costs will be met by the council . full training will , of course , be received by assessors aimed at developing their assessment skills . this focuses particular attention on role and use of self-assessments , and on the conduct of assessment activities , including the protocol to be observed when carrying out assessment visits . further particulars on the role of subject specialist assessors can be found in circular 33 / 94 which has been sent to all he institutions in england , scotland and northern ireland . if any members of your association would be interested in becoming assessors , or even simply in finding out more about the role of an assessor without committing themselves , there is an informal meeting on 5 december in london and two others on 6 and 12 december in birmingham at which they would be most welcome . in which case , please contact shirley cook on 0272 317461 as soon as possible . """" xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx please do not send inquiries etc to me - i ' m just the postman ! dick hudson dept of phonetics and linguistics , university college london , gower street , london wc1e 6bt uclyrah @ ucl . ac . uk
 "",0
 708,""Subject: 
  
  a n n o u n c i n g cunyforum 18 , summer 1994 journal of working papers in linguistics , cuny graduate center c o n t e n t s the development of dominican vernacular spanish - - kate green the pragmatics of verbal abuse - - edgar a . gregersen parsing japanese relative clauses : raising or lowering ? - - yuki hirose the interpretation of case - deleted sentences in japanese - - mana kobuchi - philip what is innate about functional categories ? - - ingeborg lasser language contact in sao tome and principe ( west africa ) - - gerardo a . lorenzino a comparative morphosyntactic study of the restructured portuguese of africa and brazil - - heliana r . mello artificial cognition and language - - john a . moyne * * * subscription rates : regular $ 10 ; students $ 5 ; institutions $ 20 ; overseas add $ 10 . send checks to : cunyforum ; linguistics department ; cuny graduate center ; 33 west 42nd street ; new york , ny 10036 . other inquiries to emfgc @ cunyvm . cuny . edu .
 "",0
 709,""Subject: 
  
  poetics - journal of empirical research on literature , media and the arts - edited by : c . j . van rees , the netherlands . """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" contents : volume 22 ( 1994 ) no . 5 h . verdaasdonk analogies as tools for classifying and appraising literary texts . d . s . miall & d . kuiken foregrounding , defamiliarization , and affect : response to literary stories . m . hayward genre recognition of history and fiction . d . f . rossen - knill toward a pragmatics for literary interpretation . """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" published by elsevier science - north holland for enquiries & free sample copy - freesamples @ elsevier . co . uk
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 710,""Subject: seeing the barn red
  
  all right , since we ' re putting in anomalies : how about the difference between """" jane imagined her spoon bent """" and """" uri geller imagined his spoon bent """" ? mark a . mandel dragon systems , inc . : speech recognition : + 1 617 965-5200 320 nevada st . : newton , mass . 02160 , usa : mark @ dragonsys . com
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 711,""Subject: who animal in russian etc .
  
  jules 's point about animacy in the grammar of russian does not explain why russians use * kto * ' who ' for asking about varieties of animals ( as in * kto tebja ukusil * , lit . ' who bit you ' , where english and many other lgs would have ' what ' ) . the problem is that polish has the same grammar of animacy in other respects but would not use ' who ' for animals that way ( as far as i can tell ) . alexis mr
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 712,""Subject: re : 5 . 1304 sum : linguistics and imperialism
  
  on wed , 16 nov 1994 , the linguist list wrote : ) > grammar books in english came into being in the ) > 18th century , ) > peter tan ) that may be true of america , but in england there were already a fair number in the 16th century , and more in the 17th century . just a couple of historical examples that surely make it hard to see any necessary relation between linguistics and imperialism : von humboldt , at a time when germany did n't even exist as a nation baudoin de courtenay , at a time when poland ditto in fact , i would have thought that proponents of critical language awareness would see linguistics as potentially an instrument of liberation . it 's a truism that science can be used for good or bad ; we seem to have found another case in point . richard ingham
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 713,""Subject: reminder iwcs
  
  * * * r e m i n d e r * * * international workshop on computational semantics december 19-21 , 1994 , tilburg , the netherlands the institute for language technology and artificial intelligence will host a workshop on computational semantics that will take place in tilburg , the netherlands , from 19 - 21 december 1994 . the aim of the workshop is to bring together researchers involved in all aspects of computational semantics of natural language . hotel - rooms can be booked through the iwcs secretariat ( see the form below ) , but , if one intends to , it is advisable to do so shortly , taking into account the upcoming holidays . preliminary schedule ( tilburg university , room az9 ) monday december 19 09 . 00-09 . 45 hrs registration at the hall of building b 09 . 45-10 . 00 hrs opening by harry bunt ( itk , tilburg ) 10 . 00-10 . 40 hrs allan ramsay ( ireland ) """" the co - operative lexicon """" 10 . 40-10 . 55 hrs coffee 10 . 55-11 . 35 hrs chris fox ( uk ) """" discourse representation , type theory and property theory """" 11 . 35-12 . 15 hrs rene ahn ( the netherlands ) """" dynamic knowledge states in type theory """" 12 . 15-13 . 45 hrs lunch 13 . 45-14 . 25 hrs henk zeevat ( the netherlands ) """" questions and exhaustivity in update semantics """" 14 . 25-15 . 05 hrs rodger kibble ( scotland ) """" dynamics of epistemic modality and anaphora """" 15 . 05-15 . 45 hrs matthew stone ( usa ) """" the reference argument of epistemic ` must ' """" 15 . 45-16 . 00 hrs tea 16 . 00-16 . 40 hrs leon verschuur ( the netherlands ) """" agreement and dynamic semantics in hpsg """" 16 . 40-17 . 20 hrs jonathan ginzberg ( scotland ) """" an update semantics for dialogue """" 17 . 20 hrs drinks tuesday december 20 09 . 00-09 . 40 hrs tim fernando ( germany ) """" what is a drs ? """" 09 . 40-10 . 20 hrs n . asher , m . aurnague , m . bras , p . sablayrolles and l . vieu ( france ) """" computing the spatiotemporal structure of discourse """" 10 . 20-10 . 35 hrs coffee 10 . 35-11 . 15 hrs jose coch and raphael david ( france ) """" causality and multisentential text """" 11 . 15-11 . 55 hrs claire gardent and joke dorrepaal ( the netherlands ) """" reversible discourse processing """" 11 . 55-12 . 35 hrs henriette de swart and arie molendijk ( the netherlands ) """" negation in narrative discourse """" 12 . 35-13 . 45 hrs lunch 13 . 45-14 . 25 hrs nissim francez and jonathan berg ( israel ) """" mdrt : a multi - agent extension of drt """" 14 . 25-15 . 05 hrs massimo poesio ( scotland ) """" ambiguity , underspecification and discourse interpretation """" 15 . 05-15 . 45 hrs j . bos e . mastenbroek , s . mcglashan , s . millies and m . pinkal ( germany ) """" a compositional drs - based formalism for nlp applications """" 15 . 45-16 . 00 hrs tea 16 . 00-16 . 40 hrs stephen pulman ( uk ) """" a computational theory of context dependence """" 16 . 40-17 . 40 hrs discussion wednesday december 21 09 . 00-09 . 40 hrs tsutomu fujinami ( uk ) """" a transitional approach to semantics : encoding situation - theoretic objects into the pi-calculus """" 09 . 40-10 . 20 hrs ariel cohen ( usa ) """" reasoning with generics """" 10 . 20-10 . 35 hrs coffee 10 . 35-11 . 15 hrs daniel marcu and graeme hirst ( canada ) """" an implemented formalism for computing linguistic presuppostions and existential commitments """" 11 . 15-12 . 05 hrs gosse bouma ( the netherlands ) """" calculated flexibility """" 12 . 05-13 . 45 hrs lunch registration form international workshop on computational semantics 19-21 december 1994 tilburg , the netherlands name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . affiliation : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . address : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . city , state , zip code : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telephone : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fax : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . email address : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . registration fee before november 1 , 1994 dfl . 275 , 00 after november 1 , 1994 dfl . 325 , 00 method of payment : 0 bank transfer transfer the registration fee in dutch guilders to : * abn / amro bank account number 45 50 46 042 ; tilburg university , warandelaan 2 , 5037 gc tilburg please mention code 951 . 55 , computational semantics , and your name . please calculate transfer charges , as we must receive the full registration fee . any shortfall in fees will have to be paid upon arrival . 0 postal money order make the fee ( in dutch guilders ) payable to : * tilburg university , warandelaan 2 , 5037 gc tilburg please mention code 951 . 55 , computational semantics and your name . please calculate transfer charges , as we must receive the full registration fee . any shortfall in fees will have to be paid upon arrival . 0 visa card if you pay by credit card please fax us the following information : card number : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . expiration date : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . name as it appears on card : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i authorize tilburg university to charge my account for the total fee of . . . . . . . . . . ( signature ) hotel reservation do you want us to make hotel reservations for you ? ( the price of a single room will be approximately dfl . 135 , 00 per person per night , breakfast included . ) yes / no if your answer to the previous question was yes , please fill in the date of your arrival and departure . date of arrival : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . date of departure : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . send this registration form to : marja klijn institute for language technology and artificial intelligence ( itk ) tilburg university p . o . box 90153 5000 le tilburg the netherlands tel . : + 31 13 663113 fax : + 31 13 662537 email : computational . semantics @ kub . nl gerrit rentier ( ma ) institute for language technology and artificial intelligence tilburg university , po box 90153 , 5000 le tilburg , the netherlands phone : ( + 31 ) ( 0 ) 13 662970 fax : ( + 31 ) ( 0 ) 13 662537 email : rentier @ kub . nl
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 714,""Subject: esl in children cut off from their native language - any insights ?
  
  2 years ago , my wife and i adopted two kids from russia , at the time aged 6 . 5 and 5 . at the time , i informally asked around and got the impression that there was unlikely to be anything particularly interesting linguistically about their experiences in learning english , and was referred to several books on esl / 2nd language learning among immigrants . unfortunately , due to the joys of parenting , i never read most of the references i was given ( i spent the time trying to learn russian instead ) . i recently read something in another adoptive parent 's posted experience that made me again wonder about my kids ' experiences in learning english , which so far have apparently been a little unusual for adoptive kids ( i ' ll skip the details at this point in my inquiry ) . i am starting to wonder if there is indeed something important in the language experiences of kids adopted into a foreign language environment after infancy . the key difference between international adoptions and other esl situations is that the older adopted kids suddenly are cut off from input in their native language with a certain level of vocabulary and mastery of that language , and thrown into an esl / 2nd language situation where they learn a new language usually with no support in their native language . learning the new language takes a considerable amount of time - my kids could communicate only minimally in english for about a year , but for most adoptive kids , use of the 1st language seems to stop within 1 - 3 months since the kids seem to realize that it no longer serves any useful communicative function . after 2 years , my kids speak what to most people sounds like fluent idiomatic english . however , their vocabulary seems greatly restricted compared to native english kids their age - and their passive vocabulary ( words they understand that they do n't use themselves ) seems to be especially restricted . they also have some peculiarities in grammar and usage - perhaps those typical of second language speakers , but ignored in the adoptive kids since they speak with no trace of an accent . these problems seem to be especially persistent , probably because they pass unnoticed most of the time ( they do show up in the kids ' writing now ) and they are resistent to correction . my readings in linguistics have thus far all seemed to generalize about a critical period lasting past my kids ' age , where they are supposed to learn languages like a sponge . the other adoptive parent , however , posted that in talking with esl experts , she found out that """" esl learners generally cannot do phonics in the second language , nor can they follow along in group oral reading . it takes 7 to 11 years in the second language to develop the ability to manipulate written english , particularly abstract cognitive academic material . """" that poster also said that children completely removed from their native language """" before mastering all of its principles """" have especial problems in learning the new language . she also said that many of the normal esl procedures break down in such kids , that there are no good tests for diagnosing language and learning problems in such kids , and that the situation is enough unlike the normal esl situation that trained esl teachers may not recognize problems or know how to solve them . she gave several references , but mostly on the pragmatic """" how to help your kid """" level . but putting on my linguist hat , and reading between the lines , i came up with some questions that i put to the linguistic community : 1 . is anyone reading this doing any research relating to language acquisition in kids cut off from their native tongue in the formative years ? 2 . can anyone provide me references to such work ? 3 . whether i get answers to # 1 or # 2 , what years are the """" formative years """" in which cutting off the child from the native language will have an effect on 2nd language learning ? 4 . does this age range have any relation to the """" critical period """" of language learning ? might there be a correlation that would tell us something about how and why kids learn languages differently and more easily than adults ? 5 . what are the different effects of cutting off a child from his native language at different ages / stages in language formation ? it seems pretty obvious that at the earliest years , """" 2nd language """" learning would asymptotically approach identity with the learning of the first language . 6 . when 1st and 2nd languages have contrasting features , it would seem that these kids would provide especial insight into ug models with parameters , in addition providing some clue as to when and how the parameters are set . has anyone looked at this ? 7 . what is the long-term language prognosis for such kids ? 7 to 11 years of language difficulty , when the difficulty often goes unnoticed ( or at least the fact that the difficulty is due to language problems - the adoptive parent who posted gave a detailed chronicle of her daughter 's varying problems from adoption at age 4 until 5th grade when the parent finally came to find out why her daughter was having problems even though she spoke english fluently ) - this seems likely to have severe long-term effects . 8 . my kids and all others i know of have completely lost the native language except for word isolates . do such kids relearn their native language any easier when they get older ? again , looking at contrasting features that such kids have difficulty relearning might tell us a lot about """" parameter setting """" especially when the difficulties do not match those of others acquiring the language as a 2nd langusge with no prior experience in the language . kids cut off from the native language would seem more likely to give clear data on this . 9 . are the effects of being cut-off from one 's native language different in kids like mine ? my kids were cut off from the native language only incompletely - they still had each other to talk to , in addition to my wife and my rudimentary self-teaching - but all of this continued exposure to the native language was impoverished both in vocabulary and grammar . ) russian remained the language of our household for most of the kids ' first year here , and i quickly came to understand the differences in language at differing ages . i could understand and communicate with my kids quite well ( and fluently ) in russian after about a month , but still cannot understand even a slow talking russian adult . the types of errors kids tolerate ( and make - my kids often had the ' wrong ' declensional ending on irregular words ) seem quite different from what adults accept . 10 . are there any english language discussions about child language acquisition in russian kids ? ( i ' m sure there are russian language sources , but i would never get through them . ) i would like to know what the typical russian child at the age my kids were adopted would typically have mastered in features like declensions , numbers , perfective / imperfective distinctions , and proper use of cases - things that i have n't mastered well enough to be able to extract from relistening to tapes thaty i made while they still spoke russian fluently . lojbab lojbab @ access . digex . net bob lechevalier , president , the logical language group , inc . 2904 beau lane , fairfax va 22031-1303 usa 703-385 - 0273 for the artificial language loglan / lojban , see ftp . cs . yale . edu / pub / lojban or see lojban www server : href = """" http : / / xiron . pc . helsinki . fi / lojban / """"
 "",0
 715,""Subject: summary : hindi - urdu tense-aspect
  
  the original question stemmed from a comment in bailey 's urdu grammar ( 1956 ) on the following construction : mayng khaataa hung i eat . participle be . 1s bailey insists that this construction , despite looking like a typical progressive construction , must be translated """" i eat """" and not """" i ' m eating """" ( bailey 1956 : 139 ) . rather , the following constructions contrast according to the translations : mayng bactaa hung i escape . part be . 1s """" i escape """" mayng bac rahaa hung i escape stay . en be . 1s """" i am escaping """" ( bailey 1956 : 42 ) respondents were able to confirm that the first excludes the progressive reading , and that the construction with """" stay """" must be used for the progressive . this appears to hold for the urdu - hindi dialects . subsequent research suggests that the same phenomenon operates in neighbouring punjabi . thanx again to those who responded .
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 716,""Subject: summary : french creole apres for progressive
  
  the original question concerned the use of apres in french creoles for the progressive rather than the perfect which would be expected on typological grounds . the enormous response precludes listing all who answered . it would seem that the moral of the story is that one should n't assume what is normal in any given case . in this instance , it was simply incorrect to assume that standard french en train de was normal ; in fact , it would appear that standard french has innovated in this respect . according to respondants , the apres construction for the progressive is found in many vernacular french 's including canadian , swiss and cajun . one would assume that the vernacular is the source of the creole progressive . the semantics of apres is only strange on the assumption that the form means """" after . """" it does appear that the vernacular progressive preserves the original sense of a - pres , which in fact conforms to expectations based on cross-linguistic study . in standard french , the corresponding expression is aupres . many respondents drew my attention to the """" after ving """" construction of english dialect . h . rogers at uoft informs me that the construction is a perfect and not a progressive ; i have since confirmed this analysis . in addition to welsh , scots gaelic has an """" after ving """" perfect that is the likely source of the construction . apparently the preposition in scots gaelic ( air ) now means """" on """" outside of the progressive construction ( an deigh """" after """" ) . thanks again to all who responded . it was an interesting exercise .
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 717,""Subject: re : sum : native speaker intuitions
  
  marilyn silva recently summarised responses dealing with """" native speaker intuitions """" , especially with respect to the sentence ' john asked mary to leave ' . she notes that several respondents pointed out that the interpretation of this sentence is determined , at least in part , pragmatically , and the view that the interpretation is syntactically fixed is wrong . this point is demonstrated by the ) pair of examples : ) ) [ 1 ] the teacher asked the child to leave the room . ) [ 2 ] the child asked the teacher to leave the room . i am a native speaker of english ( new zealand english ) , and i am not a syntactician , so i do n't think my syntax is being moulded by my , or anyone else 's , rules or theories , but , in both [ 1 ] and [ 2 ] , i can only interpret the person being asked ( the child in [ 1 ] , the teacher in [ 2 ] ) as being the person required to leave the room . no amount of ) intuition fatigue ( which could be summed ) up as """" say a weird string 50 times and it sounds good ; say a ) good string 50 times and it sounds weird """" ) has been able to change my interpretation of this kind of sentence . perhaps for some people the interpretation of this sentence * is * syntactically determined . the summary concludes with : ) in his post to me , carson contends that judgment data """" can ) provide real , useful data , if we would just be more systematical ) and careful about how we collect them . of course speakers will ) differ on certain points . . . . the interesting question is whether ) the range of variation we find is systematically constrained in ) ways that interesting theories of grammar can explain . """" i agree that ( native ) speakers will differ on certain points - - my syntax probably differs from that of most people , and i think this is probably typical ( in my case the following ( a ) sentences are ungrammatical and would normally be the ( b ) sentences : 1 . ( a ) i promised mary to leave . ( b ) i promised mary i would leave . 2 . ( a ) candidates are recommended to obtain the booklet . ( b ) it is recommended that candidates obtain the booklet . 3 . ( a ) john requires to pass the examination . ( b ) john needs to / must pass the examination . john requires a pass in the examination . s . o . requires john to pass the examination . 4 . ( a ) i saw the barn red . ( b ) ? ? ? it is important that syntactitions realise that one there are probably thousands of syntactically distinct englishes out there , and i am not talking about socially or geographically definable varities . there may not be many new zealand english speakers who share the above judgments , but * my * english is no less based on a natural language grammar than anyone else 's . because the interpretation of a certain construction may be influenced by pragmatic factors is some , or even in the majority , of speakers , does not disqualify a purely syntactic account if there are speakers whose language data are accounted for by it . where there is variation among langauge users , it is very important not to conflate these differences and try to base a grammar ( syntax / phonology . . . ) on an impure sample . untimately , a grammar is an account of an individual ' s language . student 's who disagree with data are rarely being contentious - - i contend that they have a slightly different grammatical structure which is , of course , no less valuable in the search for constraints on syntactic structure than the teacher 's or a """" received """" english grammar . i heartily endorse carson 's call for more systematic and careful collection of syntactic data . think about it - - is your english really syntactically the same as your colleague 's , or your father 's ? if not , care must be taken when conflating data from these sources , and even more care must be taken when conflating data from even more diverse sources . wayne p . lawrence
 "",0
 718,""Subject: summ : concepts unknown in dutch
  
  summary : concepts not known in dutch a couple of weeks ago i posted a question re . the concepts in english and american , which were unknown in dutch . i would like to thank all who contributed to the list below , which i have compiled from the replies . the reason for the request was to incorporate some examples in a call programme ( l2 = english ) . using only contextsentences as a means to derive word meanings , we would expect a low success rate in a condition with such target words . this finding might show that the context method is not the best method for such words . i will publish the results hope - fully next year . thanks again . paul olierook utrecht university holland . over & down 11 - plus anchorman bagel baked / fried basement bird boardwalk call waiting cereal cheeze wiz chili chipmunk collard greens collect call college condo convenience store corn syrup cranberry sauce diner doggie bag donut dope dorm ( itory ) drive-by shooting drive-in field goal geek graduate student grand jury grits hall pass home run ice cream floats inch jack o ' lantern maple syrup marshmallow fluff midship man minute man moron muffin nerd pantry pickup truck pie poison ivy porch potluck precinct caucus quart quarterback rumble strips scrum shopping mall sitcom snow blower submarine sandwich subway token succotash summer squash summercamp tabloid to relish to bring / to take town meeting treasury tags trick or treating tuna surprize turnpike turnstile twinkies water fountain water cooler whipped cream whipping cream wicket winter squash yard .
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 719,""Subject: sum : analogy to 1sg
  
  some time ago i posted query asking for an an example of an analogical development in the inflectional system of any language , preferably an indo - european language , whereby the 2d and 3d persons singular were remade in the image of the 1st sg . the very possibility of such a development appears to have been denied in an important article by cowgill on the reflexes of ie laryngeals in greek , and it struck me as a bizarre claim , but i could not found any ready counterexamples . i would like to thank robert hoberman , lars borin , dana paramskas , george fowler , maggie winters , and max wheeler for responding . the closest to what i am looking for was identified by wayles browne : polish present tenses of the verb ' to eat ' : jem 1sg jesz 2sg je 3sg of these , only jem is inherited . the other two forms have been remade analogically , replacing what would be expected to come out as * jesi , * jes ' c ' . however , even this example is not completely compelling since it seems that the analogy here involves this verb taking the endings typical of another conjugation rather than specifically remodeling the 2sg and 3sg on the basis of the 1sg . so , was cowgill right ? can 1sg never serve as the basis for an analogical remaking of 2sg and 3sg ? ( there are examples of 2sg being ( re ) modeled on 1sg , robert hoberman pointing out that this is what happened in the perfect of ge ' ez , and i have since also found discussion of this happening in some yemeni arabic dialects , but the 3sg is not affected in any of these cases ) . alexis manaster ramer
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 720,""Subject: summary : in other words
  
  dear netters , i have posted several queries a few months ago . about ten members of the linguist list answered me by e-mails . i must show great thanks especially to prof . welchsler , prof . jewett , prof . edwards ( who sent me examples of iow from london - lund corpus ) , prof . patrikis , prof . spackman , prof . macrakis , prof . alvarez - caccamo , prof . harris , prof . huettner , and dr . georgia green ( who introduced me """" two types of convention in indirect speech acts """" by j . l . morgan , contained in the volume : _ syntax and semantics , vol . 9 : pragmatics _ edited by peter cole ( 1978 , new york : academic press ) . the following are my own summary . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * in this summary , i propose the hearer 's implicature / implication - interpretation process ( prof . alvarez - caccamo 's suggestion ) , which constrains on the use of in other words ( iow ) in english . i would distinguish between speaker 's intended implicature and hearer 's interpreted implicature . thus , speaker a may have the intention to implicate x , but hearer b may very well fail to recognize such impli - cature or else may interpret some other . even if b correctly interprets a 's intention , b 's interpretation depends largely upon the context and / or background assumption . the use of iow is such a case . a dictionary edited by ball ( 1986 ) calls such usage """" inferential function """" , though he uses the term rather informally in the dictionary . i will follow his terminology just for the sake of convenience . the inferential use of iow frequently occurs between the two people 's dialogue . ( 1 ) a : i ' m afraid there is n't much i can help you with . b : _ in other words _ , you do n't want to be bothered . although the interpretation process of ( 1 ) is very close to what is called """" conventional """" use , i . e . it might be processed spontaneously , without any inferential process in the hearer 's mind , b guesses a 's real intent , which is not directly inferred from a 's utterance , but indirect - ly from a 's implicature . in order for b to necessitate iow , b exploits his / her background assumption / encyclopedic knowledge , implicating that a is busy now , or a does n't feel at ease with b . let the implicature just explained be c , then a sequential flow of consciousness / inferential process such as a $ @ """" * ( jc $ @ """" * ( jb emerges . iow is a visible index of the hearer 's implicature-interpretation process . speaker / hearer 's background assumption varies between common sense and the knowledge which is only valid between the speaker and hearer . ( 2 ) a : i love schubert 's late piano sonatas . b : _ in other words _ , you do n't like the beethoven sonatas ? iow in ( 2b ) is derived by the use of a restricted set of background assumption in which b has already admired the beethoven sonatas . b assumes that a is also an admirer of beethoven , but contrary to b 's assumption a declares an admiration for schubert . so , b feels criticism in a 's words . b 's background assumption becomes an old information , conflates a 's new information and enables iow to create a = b . """" non - conventional """" , rather complicated use of iow is the following . ( 3 ) a : i ' m going to kill you . b : _ in other words _ , you 'd like it if i moved my car . for example , b 's car stands in the way of a 's car , so that a gets infuriated at b . the situation like the above gets a to utter such harsh words ; kill you . a 's real intent , in this case implicature / implication , is """" i ' m going to kill you if you do n't move your car """" , or simply """" move your car """" , which is labelled as c again . b , beginning with iow , paraphrases c by b 's own words . again in order for b to use iow , h / she must infer that a assumes / implicates c . background assumption mitigates b 's processing effort . if not , b processes too much effort and cannot interpret a 's words . b 's job here is to process the flow of the dialogue like a $ @ """" * ( jc $ @ ! a ( jb . b 's failure to process / infer the flow of the dialogue sometimes occurs . ( 1 ' ) a : i ' m afraid there is n't much i can help you with . b ' : ? _ in other words _ , you need to be helped . in the context where a really needs help , s / he does n't bother to say that s / he can't help b ' . if a 's hands are full of the parcels and he visibly needs help , so that s / he says s / he can't help b ' , there is a possibility of b ' saying it is you who need to be helped . however , this is a very insulting comment , because b ' actually implies that if you can't help me , you are not a capable person . so , you are the one who needs help . another completely misled example of inference is the following . ( 4 ) a : sorry , i can't help you now , because i ' m busy . b : * _ in other words _ , you ' re busy . unacceptability of b comes from a 's words _ because i ' m busy _ , where a has already spoken out his own implicature c . mere repetition cannot be allowed in iow 's case . if something extra can be implied in b 's response , type of ( 4 ) is ok . ( 5 ) a : sorry , i can't help you now . b : _ in other words _ , you can't . ( - ) ' you really can't . ' ) in summary , an utterance """" a . in other words , b """" has an inferential process / hearer 's interpretive process """" a $ @ """" * ( jc ; in other words c $ @ ! a ( jb """" . iow can be campared with 's o ' and ' then , ' etc . the following results are the above contributors ' reactions . ( * ) means that there are some who judge a sentence acceptable and others unacceptable . ' so ' : $ @ ! ! ( j ( 6 ) a . there was $ 5 in his wallet . { _ so _ / ( * ) _ in other words _ } he had n't spent all the money . b . she 's your teacher . { _ so _ / ( * ) _ in other words _ } you must respect her . $ @ ! ! ( j ( 7 ) playing the french horn . a : anyway , the horn makes funny noises . { _ so _ / ( * ) _ in other words _ } it 's a treacherous instrument , is n't it ? it 's something that is very hard for you to control . why is that ? too much spit , or what ? b : i ' m glad you ' ve used that term . because it 's not difficult . it is treacherous . so are the players , of course . but that 's another story . $ @ ! ! ( j ( 8 ) tom ate condemned meat . { _ so _ / * _ in other words _ } he felt ill . $ @ ! ! ( j ( 9 ) bill insulted mary . { _ so _ / _ in other words _ } she left . in contrast with resultative 's o 's ' in ( 6 ) and ( 7 ) , two 's o 's ' in ( 8 ) and ( 9 ) are sequential . in the case of iow , one is ok and the other is out . ( 9 ) can be interpreted that bill 's insulting mary always leads to her leaving ( here ) , so that iow is permitted . iow in ( 8 ) is n't ok because eating condemned meat always equals to his feeling ill , in which case iow in such situation is redundant / meaningless / uninformative . ' then ' : $ @ ! ! ( j ( 10 ) an insurance man visits a girl he knows . he has brought her a policy application for signature . they talked about her husband . girl : i ' m expecting robert home soon . insurance salesman : oh ! why ? is he in trouble ? g : no . he 's thinking of setting up in business on his own . is : oh , good for him . g : you think it 's a good idea ? is : yes , why not ? g : small businesses are going bust all over the place . is : so , there are millions of people on the dole right now who thought they were safe and secure working for someone else . { _ so _ / _ in other words _ / ( * ) _ then _ } , now 's the time to have a go . there 's nothing else to lose anyway . g : think so ? is : yes . ' in that case ' : $ @ ! ! ( j ( 11 ) a : i ' m afraid there is n't much i can help you with . b : { _ in that case _ / ( * ) _ in other words _ } i shall have to ask someone else . ' that is ' : $ @ ! ! ( j ( 12 ) they took refreshments , { _ that is _ / * _ in other words _ } , sand - witches , coffee , beer , fruit juice , and chocolate . ball ( 1986 ) explains that ' that is ' is open-ended and iow is closed - ended . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * if you have further comments on my analyisis of iow above , please do n't hesitate to e-mail me . thanks very much for all the help you have given . sincerely , hiroaki tanaka associate professor , tokushima university , japan . e-mail : gca01363 @ niftyserve . or . jp
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 721,""Subject: sum : wh animal
  
  i recently asked about whether one says ' who ' or ' what ' to ask what variety of animal in contexts such as : a . a person walks into a room with a swollen arm . you say : ' wh - bit you ? ' or b . you see an animal disappearing into the woods . you say : ' wh - is that ? ' the following languages ( thanks to the people listed for the info ) seem to use ' what ' only , although in context a gave some of the respondents did not like either alternative . greek ( a speaker who wished not to be identified by name ) finnish , swedish ( jussi karlgren ) english , hebrew ( david gil ) dutch , french ( bert peeters ) georgian ( ivan derzhanski ) german ( john peterson ) norwegian , swedish ( marit julien ) danish ( soren harder ) i would add polish to this list , based on my own judgements . ivan derzhanski adds bulgarian to the list , his testimony being particularly valuable , since he feels a clear contrast between bulgarian and russian here , but greg gouzev says that he would use ' who ' in context a ( but not b ) . on the other hand , dale russell reports that in cheyenne : """" people are all animate , but so are rocks , trees and leaves ( but not branches ) and the sun . animals are all animate , so far as i know . some body parts are animate , roughly those that are voluntarily movable . noses are not animate , fingers are . if you point to a rock and ask """" what is this ? """" , a native speaker will correct you , and say """" who is this ? """" , then answer the question - - at least that was my experience , in a field-methods type language learning experience . """" jonathan bobaljnik reports that itel ' men sometimes uses ' who ' and sometimes ' what ' for referring to animals . unfortunately , there 's very little data on the language , so i can't be very specific about the conditions determining which you get when . the clearest example of a language that uses ' who ' is russian ( in a striking contrast to closely related polish and bulgarian ) , as stated in standard works on this language and confirmed to me by alex eulenberg , ari solovyova , and ivan derzhanski ( but i must add that daniel radzinski reports that at least one speaker he spoke with gave different judgements ) . i find particularly interesting the fact that russian linguists working on other languages routinely note this difference between russian and whatever language they are describing ( i have seen this probably dozens of times in russian grammars or dictionaries of various languages of the former empire ) . barbara abbott noted a reference i had missed : chomsky 's in _ current issues in linguistic theory _ ( mouton , 1964 ) , p . 40 , notes that we cannot say """" what is eating its dinner ? ( the cat or the dog ) """" , and that ' who ' is also not natural in that context . a lot of the respondents indicated similar difficulties in other languages . i have not kept track of these , but they include french , danish , etc . , as noted by various respondents ( including frank gladney on english ) . cathy ball says that older forms of english sometimes use ' what are you ? ' in addressing a human being . special thanks to osten dahl who first pointed out to me that you have to define very particular contexts for this question , since in many contexts many lgs allow neither ' who ' nor ' what ' . alexis manaster ramer
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 722,""Subject: linguistics mail list in japan
  
  there is now a linguistics mailing list in japan . as i understand it , the language of this group is in principle japanese . so , please ignore this message if you do n't / can't use japanese characters in e-mailing . those who do e-mail in japanese can subscribe to this group by the following procedure . please note that the subscription process is probably handled manually . use the following template ( in japanese ) when sending a subscription request to : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ linguistics-request @ atom . ntt . jp ( n . b . the 's ubject : ' line may contain any descriptive header . ) ( template of the body of the text in japanese characters ) shimei : shozoku kikan : yuubin juusho : denwa bangoo : ( optional ? ) denshi meeru juusho : kanshin o motte-iru bun ' ya : katsuhiko momoi foreign languages & literature st . cloud state university
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 723,""Subject: re : 5 . 1333 native speaker intuitions
  
  may i add my quantum of intuitive ( non-syntactician 's , nay non-linguist 's ) data to this discussion : ) date : sun , 20 nov 1994 12 : 41 : 23 gmt + 1200 ) from : wayne lawrence ( wp . lawrence @ auckland . ac . nz ) ) subject : re : sum : native speaker intuitions ) ) marilyn silva recently summarised responses dealing with """" native ) speaker intuitions """" , especially with respect to the sentence ' john ) asked mary to leave ' . she notes that several respondents pointed out ) that the interpretation of this sentence is determined , at least in ) part , pragmatically , and the view that the interpretation is ) syntactically fixed is wrong . this point is demonstrated by the ) ) pair of examples : ) ) ) ) [ 1 ] the teacher asked the child to leave the room . ) ) [ 2 ] the child asked the teacher to leave the room . ) ) i am a native speaker of english ( new zealand english ) , and i am not ) a syntactician , so i do n't think my syntax is being moulded by my , or ) anyone else 's , rules or theories , but , in both [ 1 ] and [ 2 ] , i can ) only interpret the person being asked ( the child in [ 1 ] , the teacher ) in [ 2 ] ) as being the person required to leave the room . there is ( in my intuition ) an undoubted pragmatic element . in both cases , the teacher is supposed to be in authority and the child not . therefore [ 1 ] causes no hesitation and immediately evokes a normal situation : the teacher made a request to the child that the child leave the room . case [ 2 ] immediately evokes a picture that the child made a request to the teacher that the teacher leave the room . given the presupposed authority relationship , intuition says """" hold on ! kids do n't do that ! """" - except in special circumstances . so look for a special context ( ? classrom game ? ) or try a possible re-interpretation . for the latter , remember the form """" the child asked to leave the room """" ( teacher implicit ) and admit that [ 2 ] is a possible way of saying it ( teacher explicit ) . however , i have to agree with wayne lawrence that the immediate intrepretation is as his : the person being asked is expected to leave . this interpretation is a function of syntax . only when you have """" had a look """" at the syntactically generated interpretation do pragmatic constraints force you to re-consider . it is , i report for myself , a distinctly two-stage process , and the second is only triggered if there are problems with the result of the first . in the case , however , of """" john asked mary to leave """" there is nothing given corresponding to the authority relationship which would make it unlikely that john expects mary to leave , and in that case , i am afraid , syntax has it . ted . ( ted . harding @ nessie . mcc . ac . uk )
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 724,""Subject: sum : software
  
  dear colleagues , i am really grateful for your assistance and your information , which is presented bellow : a ) for dos / windows 1 . speech viewer ( with no more information either about the manufacturer , the price and any comments about its function ) . 2 . cecil ( computerised extraction of components of intonation and language ) price : around $ 300 8 bit sampling @ 8 , 13 , or 19 . 5 khz , to dos pc memory , via parallel port . software extraction and display ( ega or vga ) of various features , e . g . , waveform raw f0 smoothed f0 etc . has built-in ipa font for transcription / labelling of analysed signals . address : """" jaars ( international computer services , box 248 jaars road , waxhaw , nc 28173 , ( usa ? ) ( 704 ) 843-6151 , fax : ( 704 ) 843-6200 ) """" ( kimberly soto ) . ( it seems that cecil is hardware of the following package ) 3 . sil speech analysis system a package that """" does a very good job of tracking and displaying f0 . it will also display the waveform and / or amplitude contour simultaneously and can do some rudimentary spectral analysis as well . the total cost for the hardware interface and software is about $ 300 . the hardware component consists of a small box that connects to the parallel port of the computer and has input jacks for a microphone or tape recorder . the version runs under ms-dos , although i ' m told a windows version is either available now or will be soon . the address to order from is : international computer services attn : customer services box 248 waxhaw , nc 28173-0248 usa phone : 704-843 - 6257 they also list an e-mail address : icsust @ 1 . jaars . sil . org . i have not found this address to work in the past """" . ( rod casali ) 4 . csre ( canadian speech research environment ) . the program is developed by don jamieson and others in western ontario . it needs a 386 pc or more . the program cost $ 400 ( in 1993 ) and the manufacturers recommended an ariel board as hardware ( which cost around 2 - 3 thousand dollars in 1993 ) . """" address : avaaz innovation inc . po box 8040 wonderland rd . north london ontario n6g 2b0 canada tel ( 519 ) 472-7944 fax : ( 519 ) 472-7819 """" ( franke ingolf ) 5 . dsp ( digital signal processing ) the manufacturer is : ariel corporation phone : ( 908 ) 249-2900 433 river road fax : ( 908 ) 249-2123 highland park , nj 08904 dsp bbs : ( 908 ) 249-2124 ( 300-9600 bps ) ( i believe in usa ) in addition , they offer the speechstation , a complete speech-synthesis package . 6 . speechstation ( sencimetrics ) ( with no more information either about the manufacturer - which could be the ariel corporation - , the price and any comments about its function ) . 7 . cspeech """" for a dos environment , cspeech does a great job of displaying a waveform , a fundamental frequency contour , and an amplitude contour , ( as well as other analyses , including a spectrogram ) on one screen . for further information about cspeech , contact : paul milenkovic dept . of electrical & computer engineering university of wisconsin - madison madison , wi 53706 u . s . a . milenkovic @ engr . wisc . edu """" ( charles read ) 8 . kay elemetrics ' computer speech lab ( csl ) """" very few of the commercial pitch tracers are good with noisy recordings . kay claim to have a new super-robust system which works with their cls work station . """" ( linda shockey ) """" this set-up must cost around $ 3500 - $ 5000 without the dos machine itself . """" ( alex francis ) """" the best pc system for general purpose speech analysis , including spectrograms linear prediction analysis and all kinds of other things , is the csl system from kay . it is a lot more expensive , but is really quite sophisticated and very impressive . strangely , though , the f0 tracks are not very dependable - there is sometimes doubling and halving , and quite often you need to fiddle with the parameters to get anything at all usable . """" ( david deterding ) """" address : kay elemetics corp . 12 maple avenue po box 2025 pine brook , nj 07058-2025 usa tel : ( 201 ) 227-2000 fax : ( 201 ) 227-7760 """" ( franke ingolf ) 9 . loughborough sound images speech work station this program runs on a pc at ( or 286 / 386 based compatible ) , with 640k ram , ega / vga graphics , microsoft mouse ( or compatible ) , hard disk ( 40 mb recommended ) , ram disk ( required for stereo recording or fast sample rates ) , dos version 3 . 0 or greater . the lsi speech workstation can display the signal in a variety of ways , including black and white or full-colour spectrograms , waveforms , spectral slices ( cross-section through a spectrogram which is displayed horizontally across the screen ) . . . all of them are reasonably fast , especially on a 386 pc . a wide range of bandwidths is available for the spectrogram and the spectral slice , and the waveform can be scaled . . several of these can be displayed at the same time by splitting the screen . the screen can also be split to accommodate parts of two separate recordings . the analog card supplied with the speech workstation has two input channels each of which can be connected to either a microphone or line output . two markers are available , which allow you to pecutting and pasting , copying etc . it is possible to play only marked sections of the signal on the screen . the maximum length of analysed speech was 3 - 5 minutes . the manufacturers are : loughborough sound images limited the technology centre epinal way loughborough england le11 0qe telephone : ( 0509 ) 231 843 telex : 34 1409 lufbra g fax : ( 0509 ) 262 433 10 . sfs """" i ' ll include the whole readme file : speech filing system computer tools for speech research department of phonetics and linguistics university college london introduction sfs provides a computing environment for conducting research into the nature of speech . it comprises software tools , file and data formats , subroutine libraries , graphics , standards and special programming languages . it performs standard operations such as acquisition , replay , waveform editing and labelling , spectrographic and formant analysis and fundamental frequency estimation . it runs under unix and dos environments and is currently running on sun , hewlett - packard , masscomp and 486pc . sfs is copyrighted university college london , but is currently supplied free of charge to research establishments for non-profit use . sfs is supplied as is with no warranty or support . features operating environments : unix , protected - mode dos ( with gnu compiler ) supported data acquisition / replay : masscomp : ad12f , da08 sun : sparc - 2 8 - bit , sparc-10 16 - bit ibm-pc : data translation 2811 , pclx , ucl parallel printer dac ( sfs supports networked replay from unix to pc ) supported graphics devices : masscomp : 6 - plane colour graphics sun : sparc - 2 monochrome console , suntools sun , hp : x - windows pc : vga and svga ( sfs supports networked graphics from unix to pc ) epson 24 - bit dot matrix kyocera laser printer postscript laser printer wordperfect graphics file output utilities : create sfs file , list sfs file , display / print sfs file , copy / link / remove items in sfs file , dump contents of sfs file . analysis programs : acquisition and replay , waveform processing , laryngographic processing , fundamental frequency estimation ( from sp or from lx ) , formant frequency estimation , formant synthesis , spectrographic analysis , lpc analysis / synthesis , filterbank analysis / synthesis , psola prosody manipulation . file formats : import from text , binary and ils files ; save multiple data items in sfs files and compare ; standard formats for speech , lx , tx , fx , annotations , synthesizer data , spectra , spectrograms , lpc coefficients , parameter tracks , etc ; export to binary , text , ils , htk , etc ; processing history maintained in file . subroutine libraries : supports sfs file i / o and dynamic memory allocation for data sets ; matrix operations ; device-independent graphics . special purpose languages : sml speech measurement language - interpreted language for measuring data in sfs files ; spc speech pascal - compiled language for waveform manipulation and analysis ; c-span - compiled language for synthetic speech stimuli generation . source sfs is available by anonymous ftp from : pitch . phon . ucl . ac . uk in the directory / pub / sfs ( from august 1993 ) . the readme file gives current version information . remember that we are unable to service requests for support on this software . bug fixes only may be sent to sfs @ phonetics . ucl . ac . uk ; requests for help may be ignored . acknowledgements sfs has been developed from software written during the spar alvey project involving gec , imperial college london , university college london and leeds university . the software that is distributed contains only the ucl contribution to that project . additional , compatible software may be available from these partners or from other current users of sfs , for example at york university . please contact mark huckvale for further information about ownership and other available software . mark huckvale university college london gower street london wc1e 6bt sfs @ phonetics . ucl . ac . uk """" ( hannes pirker ) 11 . spectro 3000 """" 2 channel signal analyser ( separate devise ) this analyser has the best pitch technique ( sift and cepstrum ) i have ever seen - but is very expensive ( about 50 . 000 dm ) . address : medav digitale signalverarbeitungs gmbh graefenberger strasse 34 d-91080 uttenreuth germany """" ( franke ingolf ) b ) for mac 1 . voice navigator . the only thing that i learned about this software ( ? ) is the name - only - of the manufacturer , i . e . articulate systems . 2 . macspeech lab the manufacturer is : gw instruments , 35 medford st . , somerville , ma 02143 ( canada ? ) ( 617 ) 625-4096 ( 617 ) 625-1322 ( fax ) 3 . macrecorder ( no information about it ) 4 . dsp ( the same as for dos / windows ) 5 . signalyse ( version 3 . 0 ) """" signalyze ( tm ) 3 . 0 is an integrated speech signal analysis application for the macintosh . it does signal editing and direct signal i / o to / from a number of devices . version 3 . 0 has a user-friendly multi-level labeling feature : each label is coded for a linguistic level ( e . g . , segment , syllable , etc . ) . level names are determined by the user and are color-coded . also new in version 3 . 0 : speech slow-down and speed-up ( up to five times ) , color / grayscale spectrograms right with signal , av - macintosh support , easy vertical zoom , and more . signalyze has a large number of spectral analysis tools : spectrograms ( b / w , 16 and 256 colors / grays ) , cepstrograms , cone kernels , lpc - grams , fft spectra and cepstra , and lpc spectra . also included are statistics , db measurement , interpolated signal resampling , transformations , envelopes , zero passages , and filtering . the manual is 224 pages , the on-board contextual help is in english , french and german , and the whole interface is switchable to english , french and german . the program is about 980 k at the present . it runs on any mac from the macplus on up ( 4 mb and hard disk required ) . prices effective january 31 , 1994 : individual license : $ 350 . departmental license : $ 750 . organizational license : $ 1250 extra manuals : $ 25 per manual . shipping costs : 1 . u . s . , canada and europe : $ 10 priority / air mail 2 . rest of the world : $ 20 priority / air mail 3 . 3 - day shipping anywhere in the world : $ 50 """" also , """" here are some details on the new labeling facility in signalyze ( version 3 . 0 , macintosh - specific software ) . this may be of use to people working in prosody . levels the signalyze labeling operation works by levels . for each label , you specify a level , such as """" segment """" , """" syllable """" , """" phrase """" etc . each level has its own label color and its own , user-definable name . labels are marked for their level by a number placed in front of the label name ( e . g . , """" 4 : its """" , means that the label """" its """" is marked for the fourth level ) . what gets labeled you can label either points in the signal or selected portions of the signal . the labels for selected portions are placed at the center of the selection and are marked by angular brackets ( """" ) . . . ( """" ) . re-editing , adding and deleting labels labels can be re-edited , new labels can be added anywhere in the signal , and labels can be deleted individually or for an entire signal . reproduce labeled segment while the label is open for editing , you can play the selected portion of the signal by doing command - y . if you ' re labeling a selection , and if you ' ve set the audio to play signal selections , you ' ll hear the segment which you ' re about to label . align labels you can choose any of nine different vertical positions for placing labels . when you close a label with a click in the close rectangle or with return , the label automatically """" snaps """" to the nearest standard position . save labels the label information is saved as a tab - delimited text file with the extension """" . lbl """" . it is stored in the same folder as the signal file . label format the label format is in the public domain and is fully documented . it is available on the signalyze servers ( see below ) . transparent saving and opening open file operations on signal files that have accompanying """" . lbl """" text files cause the label information to be read into signalyze . save file operations on signals with labeling information automatically saves the labels in the same folder as the signal . save file operations for signals without labeling information erases whatever label file may have existed in the folder . label in phonetics you can use any phonetic or normal font in the labels . however for phonetics , it is recommended stick to sigpalfont ( the shareware font supplied with signalyze ) . sigpalfont preserves the numbers and angular brackets you need to indicate labeling levels , which is usually not possible with other phonetic fonts . search by label or by level you can search for labels using either a given labeling level or the label 's name . you can specify two separate search patterns . switch between the two patterns with the shift-lock key . more info and demo information on signalyze version 3 . 0 is available as follows : by ftp : ftp macfl4082 . unil . ch or ftp 130 . 223 . 104 . 31 login anonymous by gopher server : name of machine : gopher . unil . ch , find """" europe """" and """" switzerland """" , select """" university of lausanne """" , select """" autres gophers de l3unil """" , select """" faculte des lettres """" , select """" laboratoire d3analyse informatique de la parole ( laip ) """" , select """" speech analysis and speech synthesis """" , select """" signalyze """" prof . eric keller ( new email address : eric . keller @ imm . unil . ch ) laboratoire d ' analyse / / ^ | | | | = = \ \ informatique de la parole ( laip ) / / / \ | | | | | | lettres , universite de lausanne / / / / \ \ | | | | = = / / ch-1015 lausanne , switzerland / / / / = = = \ \ | | | | fax + 41 21 6924639 / + 41 21 692 4510 / / = = = = / / \ \ | | | | """" . 6 . ucla - uppsala analysis package ( to run on macrecorder files ) """" write to : software manager , phonetics lab , linguistics dept , ucla , los angeles , ca 90024-1543 for our order form . it 's $ 5 for just this disk . """" ( peter ladefoged ) 7 . gw instruments soundscope ( formerly macspeechlab ii ) ( mac ) """" more able to be tailored to individual uses than csl , but also a little clumsier and slower than csl . i think it runs about $ 3000 . """" ( alex francis ) c ) for unix 1 . xwaves + it costs around $ 5000 and the manufacturer is : """" entropic research laboratory , inc . 600 pennsylvania ave . , se washington dc 20003 usa """" ( franke ingolf ) 2 . dsp ( it has the same specifications with the sfs that has been presented above , about dos / windows ) . 3 . sfs ( it has the same specifications with the sfs that has been presented above , about dos / windows ) . 4 . digital ears no more information , only the name of the manufacturer , i . e . metaresearch 5 . ogi speech """" this is free ! ! ! i have never used it professionally , but while working at los alamos nat ' l . labs i did get a chance to play with it . it comes with a good manual , and works with a number of different sound-file types , and can be configured for a number of different platforms ( sun & sgi ) . . . . it needs some additional hardware . """" ( alex francis ) . 6 . entropic sps software that runs through the xwaves + package . i do not know its prise ; also , i did not understand if it is a latest software improvement of xwaves + . """" address : entropic research laboratory , inc . 600 pennsylvania ave . , se washington dc 20003 usa """" ( franke ingolf ) additional information : read , buder & kent . ( 1992 ) ' speech analysis systems : an evaluation ' , journal of speech and hearing research , 35 , 314-332 . p . c . bagshaw , s . m . hiller & m . a . jack , ( 1993 ) , ' enhanced pitch tracking and the processing of f0 contours for computer aided intonation teaching ' , proc . 3rd european conference on speech communication and technology , pp 1003 - 6 finally , """" natural language software registry the natural language software registry is a catalogue of software implementing core natural language processing techniques , whether available on a commercial or non commercial basis . the current version includes + speech signal processors , such as the computerised speech lab ( kay electronics ) + morphological analysers , such as pc-kimmo ( summer institute for linguistics ) + parsers , such as alveytools ( university of edinburgh ) + knowledge representation systems , such as rhet ( university of rochester ) + multicomponent systems , such as elu ( issco ) , penman ( isi ) , pundit ( unisys ) , sneps ( suny buffalo ) , + applications programs ( misc . ) this document is available on-line via anonymous ftp to ftp . dfki . uni-sb . de ( directory : registry ) , by email to registry @ dfki . uni-sb . de , and by physical mail to the address below . if you have developed a piece of software for natural language processing that other researchers might find useful , you can include it by returning the description form below . if you are interested in the preliminary draft of the registry , do not hesitate to drop us an email message and we will be happy to send it to you . """" ( jane edwards )
 "",0
 725,""Subject: sum : computer transcription
  
  a couple of months ago , i asked the members of this list for help regarding software for the transcription of spoken discourse . i received a large number of answers , some to my personal e-mail address , some ' public ' . in the following i shall quote some of the answers and attempt to sum up what i consider to be the most important info received on the matter : perhaps slightly off the subject a few answers spoke of the possibilities for machine-readable text : quote : ' a company named norris communication ( san diego , ca ) sells a digital recorder that breaks down audio input into machine readable code ( including ascii i assume ) ' ' norris is reputed to be only one of two companies in the usa ( maybe the world ) manufacturing digital audio recorders using so-called """" flash chips """" ( semiconductor memory chips that permit both read and write functions ) . the digitized flash memory can be """" dumped """" to a pc in machine readable code ( which i assume would include ascii compatibility - - that 's my assumption ) . i do n't have an address , but i got their telephone number from directory assistance . the company is located in a suburb of san diego , california called poway , california . the listed telephone number is 619-679 - 1504 . if that does n't work for some reason , directory assistance can be reached at 619-555 - 1212 . ' a number of answers centered around using standard word processors ' macro facilities : quote : ' i used to do this quite satisfactorily on the pc using ms word with glossary items to quickly input speaker identification , special character sequences , etc . use a style sheet for controlling formatting . i imagine that word perfect for the pc can do the same thing , especially with its macros . ' ' i ' ve made a set of macro 's which operate on a standardized form to facilitate the transcribing process . essentially what i did is simply reduce all routinely occurring series of keystrokes to one alt - or control - key . ' most transcription software seems to be available for the mac : quote : ' for the macintosh i would definitely use nisus with a macro that has been assigned a short and easy to type keyboard shortcut . from little things like this to far more complex tasks , nisus is amazing . it is truly the power user 's and linguist 's word processor of choice . from what i have seen , it is also the most worldscript - savvy word processor available . if you have n't seen it , check out the new nisuswriter 4 . 0 which should be shipping very soon if not already . ' more info may be available from this internet address : nisus . mktg @ applelink . apple . com syncwriter : quote : ' the mac - programme you mention is syncwriter , i guess . it costs some hundred german marks ' syncwriter is sold by : med - i-bit , hohenfelderstrasse 20 , 22087 hamburg , germany ( phone + 49 40 251 67 125 ) . workbench : quote : ' you are welcome to include the workbench in your summary . however , as you know the bench is not really a transcription program , though it has some features for making transcribing easier - - e . g . the transcription keypad ( with user definable strings and ca symbols ) and the ability to link and play in a loop quicktime movie audio tapes . also , do mention that distribution is limited at this time . the bench is now available on the world wide web . ' for further info , try contacting : thebench @ alishaw . ucsb . edu for dos - based computers : hiat-dos 2 . 2 : quote : ' hiat-dos was developed as a transcription programme everybody can afford ; that is why it lacks certain technical gimmicks . the price of the new version is somewhat between 40 and 80 german marks ( as far as i know ) ; it is distributed by ' : prof . konrad ehlich institut fuer deutsch als fremdsprache lmu muenchen ludwigstrasse 27 d-80359 muenchen fax : germany-089 / 21802116 . quote : ' hiat-dos is a kind of word processing program designed for processing transcripts ; thus you ' ve got a certain format in which you fill the transcript , you ' ve got certain special correction devices etc . it 's a simple tool which is more comfortable for transcription purposes than word processing programs , that 's all . ' recommended reading : ehlich , konrad ( 1992 ) hiat - a transcription system for discourse data . in : edwards , jane a . / lampert , martin d . ( eds . ) talking data . hillsdale n . j . : erlbaum . a couple of other programs ( mac and dos ) were mentioned , but they seem to be unfinished so far . why is it that noone has developed a user-friendly windows - based transcription program ? the above mentioned transcription programs all use the text / music score principle , i . e . , the conversation is printed in ' running ' systems . if you , as i do myself , use standard line transcription , there seems to be very little help out there to save you from adjusting a lot whenever you make any changes or corrections to your transript . one possibility may be a system of macros - perhaps this calls for further discussion in this forum ? ? ? thank you to everyone for your cooperation , karsten gramkow karsten gramkow centre for languages and intercultural studies aalborg university havrevangen 1 dk - 9000 aalborg denmark ph . : + 45 98 15 42 11 , ext . 6229 fax : + 45 98 16 65 66 e-mail : gramkow @ hum . auc . dk
 "",0
 726,""Subject: cmc / 95
  
  cmc / 95 international conference on cooperative multimodal communication , theory and applications * * * * * * * * * sponsored by the universities of brabant joint research organization ( sobu ) eindhoven , the netherlands , 24-26 may 1995 * * * * * * * * * first announcement and call for papers * * * * * * * * * the eindhoven university of technology , in collaboration with the institute for perception research in eindhoven and the institute for language technology and artificial intelligence in tilburg , will host an international conference on the theory and applications of cooperative multimodal communication to take place in eindhoven , the netherlands , 24-26 may 1995 . the aim of the conference is to bring together scientists involved in research concerning the design , implementation , and application of forms of cooperative human-computer communication where natural language ( typed or spoken ) is used in combination with other modalities , such as visual feedback and direct manipulation . topics of interest * * * * * * * * * the conference will focus on formal , computational , and user aspects of building cooperative multimodal dialogue systems . papers are sought in areas which include , but are not limited to , the following topics : * cooperativity in multimodal dialogue * natural language semantics in a multimodal context * formal and computational models of dialogue context * incremental knowledge representation and dialogue * interacting with visual domain representations * collaborative problem solving * constraint-based approaches to animation and visual modelling * effective use of different interactive modalities * modelling temporal aspects of multimodal communication * type theory and natural language interpretation * knowledge sharing technologies all submitted papers will be refereed by an international programme committee . submission requirements * * * * * * * * * authors are asked to submit an extended abstract of their paper of minimally 4 and maximally 7 pages , including references and keywords , by december 15 , 1994 . only electronical submission will be possible . submitted extended abstracts should be emailed to denk @ kub . nl ; they should preferably be in standard latex format . if , for whatever reason , electronic submission is not possible , please contact the organization committee secretariat ( phone + 31-13 . 66 . 23 . 80 , fax + 13 - 13 . 66 . 29 . 48 ) . important dates * * * * * * * * * submission of extended abstracts 15 december , 1994 notification of acceptance 1 february , 1995 final papers due 15 march , 1995 organization * * * * * * * * * * programme committee : harry bunt ( itk , tilburg ) ( chair ) norman badler ( upenn , philadelphia ) jeroen groenendijk ( uva , amsterdam ) walther von hahn ( hamburg ) dieter huber ( mainz ) hans kamp ( stuttgart ) john lee ( edcaad , edinburgh ) joseph mariani ( limsi , paris ) mark maybury ( mitre , bedford ) paul mckevitt ( university of sheffield ) rob nederpelt ( tue , eindhoven ) kees van overveld ( tue , eindhoven ) ray perrault ( stanford ) donia scott ( brighton ) wolfgang wahlster ( saarbruecken ) bonnie webber ( upenn , philadelphia ) kent wittenburg ( bellcore ) organization committee : robbert - jan beun ( chair ) tijn borghuis harry bunt rob nederpelt marianne wagemans further information * * * * * * * * * * cmc / 95 is scheduled to take place on wednesday , thursday , and friday in 1995 , week 21 . these dates have been chosen in view of the fact that two other , somewhat related conferences will take place elsewhere in europe between monday , may 29 and saturday , june 3 ; one in montpellier , france ( on virtual reality and human-computer interaction ) , and one in hanstholm , denmark ( on spoken dialogue systems ) . it will thus be possible to combine participation in cmc / 95 with that of ( one of ) the other conferences . the participation fee for cmc / 95 is expected to be around dfl 250 , or $ 150 . registration information will be provided in the forthcoming call for participation . further information : for questions concerning the scientific content : harry bunt itk tilburg university p . o . box 90153 , 5000 le tilburg phone + 31 - 13 . 66 . 30 . 60 , fax + 31-13 . 66 . 25 . 37 email : harry . bunt @ kub . nl for questions concerning the organization : robbert - jan beun ipo p . o . box 513 , 5600 mb eindhoven phone + 31 - 40 . 77 . 38 . 73 , fax + 31 - 40 . 77 . 38 . 76 email : rjbeun @ prl . philips . nl for general questions : sobu tilburg university p . o . box 90153 , 5000 le tilburg phone + 31-13 . 66 . 23 . 80 , fax + 13 - 13 . 66 . 29 . 48 . email : denk @ kub . nl
 "",0
 727,""Subject: re : original karamojong / jie language
  
  leo connolly cross-posted a question about karamojong on linguist and sci . lang . i posted a response on sci . lang , and i ' m cross-posting it here . in article ( 1994nov22 . 145346 . 29219 @ msuvx1 . memphis . edu ) , connolly @ cc . memphis . edu writes : ) a colleague of mine would like to know the latest opinion concerning the ) original language of the """" karamojong hordes """" and / or jie , who have abandoned ) their original language in favor of that of the masai . does anyone know ) whether their tongue is best described as """" nilotic """" or """" sudanic """" ? or does n't ) it matter ? and if greenberg classified this language , which se seems to ave ) done , does anyone know if his classification is still generally accepted ( a ) fair question in view of his more recent amerindian debacle ) ? ) bill welmers , in his """" checklist of language and dialect names """" ( sebeok , t . a . , 1971 , current trends in linguistics , vol . 7 : linguistics in sub - saharan africa , the hague : mouton ) lists karamojong as a member of the chari - nile branch of nilo - saharan . in the same volume , greenberg 's article """" nilo - saharan and meroitic """" gives a little more detail , assigning it to the teso group of eastern nilotic , itself a branch of eastern sudanic , which is a branch of chari - nile . its cognate languages within teso are teso , toposa , and turkana . i do n't work on nilo - saharan , so i ' m not up to date on current classification . however , in african languages as a whole , greenberg 's four major families , niger - congo , nilo - saharan , afro - asiatic , and khoi - san have stood up pretty well for the last 30 years . there has been some discussion of a relationship between niger - congo and nilo - saharan , but no convincing case has yet been published . within niger - congo there has been some realignment ( john bendor - samuel , 1991 , the niger - congo languages , university press of america ) , the most significant being the shifting of the benue - congo boundary some 600 or so miles westwards to include what greenberg called eastern kwa . greenberg 's southern cushitic ( afro - asiatic ) is now referred to as omotic and its membership in afro - asiatic seems to be in some doubt . otherwise his african classification works remarkably well . as an africanist who was in graduate school towards the end of the debate on greenberg 's african classification , i see some strong parallels with the amerindian debate . the vehemence , even rancor , of his critics back in the fifties and sixties was no less than what we ' ve seen more recently . it is certainly unfortunate that there is apparently so much flawed data in his american work , something i can't judge but apparently much more than was in his african work , but at the same time his method of mass comparison is more archeological in nature than linguistic and has a remarkably high tolerance for error . i consider the jury still out . flames accepted but probably ignored . herbert stahlke , associate director email : 00hfstahlke @ bsu . edu university computing services phone : 317-285 - 1843 ball state university fax : 317-285 - 1797 muncie , in 47306
 "",0
 728,""Subject: graduate research training program
  
  computational aspects of cognitive science nsf graduate research training program cornell university the graduate fields of computer science and cognitive studies at cornell university announce a research training program for phd students who wish to focus their studies on computational aspects of cognitive science in general , and on human computation in particular . funding for five graduate trainees is provided by the national science foundation and awarded through the cornell graduate school . program description : award recipients pursue a phd in computer science and a minor in cognitive studies . in addition to the standard computer science program , each trainee will receive a firm grounding in formal and computational approaches to language and cognition , and will bring that training to bear on interdisciplinary research problems that connect computer science with other disciplines such as linguistics , philosophy , or psychology . examples of focus areas include artificial intelligence , computational linguistics , formal models of human computation , human and automated inference , intelligent information retrieval , learning theory , robotics , user - machine interfaces , and vision . stipend : each award carries a stipend of $ 14 , 100 per year , plus tuition and fees , extendible for up to five years of study ( assuming continuation of the grant by nsf ) . eligibility : award recipients must be admitted to , and continue in good standing in , the computer science phd program at cornell university . only us citizens and permanent residents are eligible for traineeship appointments . minority applicants , women applicants , and applicants with disabilities are especially encouraged . application procedure : formal application to the nsf graduate research trainee program occurs through the cornell graduate school . applicants should apply to the phd program in computer science and indicate with their application that they wish to be considered for a traineeship in computational aspects of cognitive science . application material may be requested from : computer science department graduate office 4126 upson hall cornell university ithaca , ny 14853 phone : ( 607 ) 255-8593 email : phd @ cs . cornell . edu the application deadline for fall 1995 is january 10 , 1995 . additional information : for more information about the traineeship program , please contact : sue wurster cognitive studies program 273a uris hall cornell university ithaca , ny 14853 phone : ( 607 ) 255-6431 email : cogst @ cornell . edu sue wurster email : cogst @ cornell . edu cognitive studies phone : 607 255-6431 273a uris hall fax : 607 255-8433 hours : m 8 : 00-12 : 00 t 12 : 30 - 5 : 00 w 8 : 00-12 : 00 r 12 : 30 - 5 : 00 f 11 : 00 - 4 : 00
 "",0
 729,""Subject: annual conference of the gldv
  
  9 . gldv jahrestagung 1995 30 . - 31 . 3 . 1995 universitaet regensburg aufruf zur teilnahme die gldv wurde vor genau zwanzig jahren unter dem namen ldv-fittings gegruendet . die ziele des vereins waren damals die foerderung der linguistischen datenverarbeitung v . a . durch den austausch von edv - know-how und programmen . mit der etablierung der computerlinguistik als wissenschaftsgebiet wurde die gldv zum fachverband der computerlinguisten . jubilaen sollten auch dazu dienen , sich kritisch damit auseinanderzusetzen , ob die bei der gruendung des vereins gesteckten ziele sinnvoll waren , ob und wie sie erreicht wurden und wie weit eine revision notwendig und wuenschenswert ist . im rahmen einer podiumsdiskussion mit gruendungsmitgliedern sollen dieser kritische rueckblick diskutiert und perspektiven furr die zukuenftige arbeit entwickelt werden . ein zweiter schwerpunkt der tagung soll auf die angewandte computerlinguistik gelegt werden . dabei geht es um die bedeutung , die nlp - systeme im kontext graphischer und multimedialer anwendungen haben koennen . beispiele dafuer sind neuere entwicklungen im information retrieval incl . hypertext , hilfesysteme , anwendungsperspektiven von nlp - systemen , evaluierung u . ae . diese thematik wird in vier sektionen vertieft werden : sektion : fuzzy linguistik ( organisation : ch . womser - hacker ) sektion : gesprochene sprache v . a . anwendungen und oberflaechen ( organisation : e . noeth ) sektion : nlp - anwendungen ( organisation : g . thurmair ) sektion : grammatik und implementation ( organisation : r . hausser ) zeitplan : september 94 call for papers 14 . jan . 95 deadline : einreichen von extended abstracts 7 . feb . 95 benachrichtigung ueber annahme der vortraege 30 . - 31 . maerz 95 tagung in regensburg 8 . april 95 abgabe der druckfertigen fassung der beitraege fuer den tagungsband . der tagungsband erscheint nach der tagung im verlag georg olms . programmkomitee : haller ( saarbruecken ) hausser ( erlangen ) heyer ( leipzig ) hitzenberger ( regensburg ) krause ( regensburg ) lenders ( bonn ) lutz ( koblenz ) puetz ( kiel ) seewald ( hannover ) thurmair ( muenchen ) organisationskomitee : j . krause l . hitzenberger ch . womser - hacker tagungsort : universituet regensburg inst . fuer allg . und indogermanische sprachwissenschaft fg : informationswissenschaft auskuenfte : l . hitzenberger universitaet regensburg phil . fak . iv universitstsstrasse 31 93040 regensburg e-mail : ludwig . hitzenberger @ sprachlit . uni-regensburg . de tel . : 0941 / 943-4195 fax : 0941 / 943-3585 url : http : / / rsls8 . sprachlit . uni-regensburg . de / gldv . html
 "",0
 730,""Subject: workshop on language change and generative syntax , dec 16-17
  
  graduiertenkolleg """" linguistische grundlagen fuer die sprachverarbeitung """" """" linguistic foundations of language processing """" institut fuer linguistik - universitaet stuttgart postfach 10 60 37 , 70049 stuttgart , 0711 / 121 3139 ( 5 . stock , keplerstrasse 17 , 70174 stuttgart ) workshop on * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * language change and generative syntax * * * * university of stuttgart , december 16 - 17 , 1994 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * venue : room 17 . 94 , keplerstrasse 17 , 70174 stuttgart programme : friday , december 16 , 1994 9 . 45 - 10 . 00 opening 10 . 00 - 10 . 45 werner abraham ( groningen ) the decay of the verbal genitive in german 10 . 45 - 11 . 15 coffee break 11 . 15 - 12 . 00 richard schrodt ( vienna ) predicate - status and case in german : does a satisfactory systematic solution for the decay of the verbally governed genitive really exist ? 12 . 00 - 12 . 45 karin pittner ( stuttgart ) attraction , deletion and verbal position : the case of german 12 . 45 - 15 . 00 lunch 15 . 00 - 15 . 45 paola beninca & cecilia poletto ( padua - cnr ) the diachronic development of some modal auxiliaries through the history of italian 15 . 45 - 16 . 30 josep fontana ( ohio state ) some problems in the study of word order in old spanish 16 . 30 - 17 . 00 coffee break 17 . 00 - 17 . 45 patrick andre mather ( mcgill / pittsburgh ) french and german : a case study on contact - induced language change 17 . 45 - 18 . 30 richard waltereit ( berlin ) syntax at the limit - on the diachrony of french holophrases 20 . 00 - . . . dinner saturday , december 17 , 1994 10 . 00 - 10 . 45 ian roberts ( bangor ) speculations on the development of v2 10 . 45 - 11 . 15 coffee break 11 . 15 - 12-00 georg kaiser ( hamburg ) from """" full v2 """" to """" residual v2 """" and free inversion . subject - verb order development in french 12 . 00 - 12 . 45 susan clack ( bangor ) have and be in brythonic celtic and the implications for brythonic and germanic v2 12 . 45 - 15 . 00 lunch 15 . 00 - 15 . 45 fred weerman ( utrecht ) deflexion and the relation between morphological and abstract case 15 . 45 - 16 . 30 silvia luraghi ( rome ) coordination and subordination in hittite 16 . 30 - 17 . 00 coffee break 17 . 00 - 17 . 45 kees van dijk ( amsterdam ) the ipp - effect in middle dutch 17 . 45 - 18 . 30 jack hoeksema ( groningen ) present participle constructions in older modern dutch : verb first and verb raising patterns 20 . 00 - . . . one night in stuttgart . . . for further information , please contact : gisella ferraresi & julia philippi institut fuer linguistik / germanistik universitaet stuttgart postfach 10 60 37 d-70049 stuttgart germany e - mail : julia @ ims . uni-stuttgart . de
 "",0
 731,""Subject: iv congreso argentino de hispanistas
  
  announcement follows . send all queries to hispanistas @ unmdp . edu . ar * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * iv congreso argentino de hispanistas mar del plata , argentina . 18-20 de mayo de 1995 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * organiza la universidad nacional de mar del plata y la asociaci ' on argentina de hispanistas . se invita a presentar trabajos en las ' areas de literatura y linguyistica del espanyol . enviar el resumen del trabajo ( 30 l ' ineas de 65 cpl ) antes del 20 de diciembre de 1994 . se aceptan envios por correo electr ' onico . enviar el trabajo completo ( max . 200 l ' ineas de 65 cpl ) antes del 31 de marzo de 1995 . se ruega enviar copia impresa junto con la version en floppy disk para wp o compatible . aranceles : u $ s30 antes del 20 de diciembre de 1994 enviar cheque o giro postal a nombre de rodolfo rodriguez . solicitar informaci ' on adicional a hispanistas @ unmdp . edu . ar marta villarino facultad de humanidades universidad nacional de mar del plata funes 3350 7600 . mar del plata buenos aires argentina
 "",0
 732,""Subject: final voiceless velar fricative - ) stop
  
  in response to a query about any language where a final voiceless velar fricative changed regularly to a stop , wayles browne supplied the example of some montenegrin dialects of serbo - croatian . references : pavle ivic ' , die serbokroatischen dialekte , i . , mouton & co . , the hague 1958 , p . 145 , 213 radosav bos """" kovic ' , """" o prirodi , razvitku i zamenicima glasa h u govorima crne gore """" , in his book _ odabrani c """" lanci i rasprave _ , titograd 1978 . the same book has a french summary of a work he wrote together with m . mal / ecki , _ przegla , d dialekto ' w starej czarnogo ' ry _ . pavle ivic ' , ed . , _ fonolos """" ki opisi srpskohrvatskih / hrvatskosrpskih , slovenac """" kih i makedonskih govora obuhvac ' enih ops """" teslovenskim lingvistic """" kim atlasom _ = posebna izdanja knjiga lv , odjeljenje drus """" tvenih nauka knjiga 9 , sarajevo : akademija nauka i umjetnosti bosne i hercegovine 1981 . i have also found that some southern polish dialects exhibit an identical sound change , as discussed in : dejna , karol . 1973 . dialekty polskie . wroc ~ aw - - warsaw - - cracow - - gda ~ sk : ossolineum . for additional comments and suggestions i would like to thank : steven johnson lar martin fosse jakob dempsey kevin donnaile
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 733,""Subject: snow 3 1 / 2
  
  dear linguists , i ' ve been following the discussion about snowy words here and elsewhere for some time now , and i can't but disagree with douglas j . glick ( see vol-5 - 1322 ) in two points . for one , i do n't find the discussion """" relatively uninteresting """" . it is interesting indeed to see what kind of ideas about the issue as such and linguistics in general tonguesters ( or is l . more p . c . ? : - ) put forward . it so happened that i encountered this nice passage in a book i bought a few days ago : whereas english [ . . . ] has only one word for _ snow _ ( or two if we include _ sleet _ ) , eskimo has several . trudgill ( 1974 ) : 27 this is a book written for the general audience , by a native speaker of english , who """" has been a lecturer in the department of linguistic science at the university of reading since 1970 """" ( op . cit . ) , and it is twenty years old . but you sometimes still hear assertions like the above , and i know the same thing from german speakers . still , in german we have at least schnee , schnee ( - mann , - regen , matsch ) , ( schnee ) flocke , neuschnee , harsch , waechte , lawine , loipe , hagel , graupel , and for english , snow , snow ( bank , fort , house , man , - mixed-with - rain , - flake , - storm ) , slush ( snow ) , ( snow ) cornice , avalanche , blizzard , dusting , flurry , frost , hail , hardpack , igloo , pingo , powder , sleet . in these lists , i ' m including some at least seemingly semantically transparent compounds like neuschnee ( ` new + snow ' ) , schneeregen snow + rain ' ) and so on , as well as some words that are only frosty and not very snowy , as well as some that have only to do with snow and nothing else . in a serious collection , the data should be much richer , in order to have a borderline between good and bad examples fall well within the field , allow an assessment of the fuzzyness of this line , and , perhaps , discover some model for the cognitive structure of the words in question . ( the data for the english list is , apart from some editing , taken from tony woodbury 's posting ( see vol-5 - 1239 ) ) . granted not everything white in the listings given is snow , how can we comment on the quotation above ? at least , the writer should have told the reader why so many snowy words of english do not count as snow , or , perhaps , that eskimo in his opinion has no cover term , where english does have one . as it stands , however , it should make everybody very cautious about obtaining data of any language - - - including , obviously , their own - - - by way of secondary sources . likewise , how much do the manymany ` facts ' drawn from ` exotic ' ( i . e . , not very well documented ) languages count , which , for example , phonologists like to decorate their elaborate articles with ? two , i do n't really get the point in excluding words like cornice from a snowy list . now if there are people out there who use the word primarily to denote some sort of snow formation and feel the word is in its * architectural * meaning of rather metaphorical nature , what 's the point in telling them they ' re ` really ' wrong ? in german , waechte , flocke and harsch might very well be derived from some other morphemes . in fact , this only tells us eskimo is not very well documented . i guess a lot of those words the hoax claims as semantically primitive would turn out much more connected to the rest of the vocabulary had we only the relative wealth of historical data we have for the indoeuropean languages . back to german again , flocke to me primarily denotes not ` something flaky ' but rather precisely ` a snowflake ' , and all other usages seem to be derived from that . harsch seems to be connected with harsch ` harsh ' ; but used as a noun , what other denotation but that kind of slighly melted and frozen snow does it have ? loipe is the kind of tracks skiers use in their discipline and , i guess , not a ` very german ' word - - - but disregarding borrowed words is just as silly as looking down on adopted children . anyway , there seems to be a need for that word . it 's snowy , very specialized , and , for my feeling , totally unconnected with any other word in german . of course i might be totally wrong ( and loipe is derived from ( ski ) laufen ` to run ( to ski ) ' ) . now there 's the point . linguists are looking , on the one hand , into history to find out what really happened and try to extrapolate people 's minds to describe what 's really going on . if there 's someone with a lot of waechten and cornices and flakes on his mind , but with no connection to other non-snowy words for him , this is a fact of that ideolect . of course , as soon some linguist comes along and tells him the historical truth , behaviour and concepts of the speaker might change . . . even if in fact it was some sort of folk-etymology he absorbed when listening to the linguist : - ) . folk - etymology is there because it is a way we can imagine things to be . . . so , what layer of this person 's brain is it that synchronic word counting is claiming to acount for , and how historical a derivation is allowed or necessary in historical linguistics ? finally , i would like to point out that apart from some pretty specialized words having to do woth snow , rain is another phenomenon languages may have more or less to say about . in german , for example , you have niesel and nieselregen , denoting a very light rain or spray . there seem to be no other uses or compounds for this word apart from es nieselt , however , and no immediately related , more basic word niesel could be said to be derived from . so , we have wasser , regen , niesel , and more . eskimo does n't appear that much outlandish any more , does it ? quotation taken from : trudgill , peter : _ sociolinguistics : an introduction _ . penguin books . 1974 wolfgang lipp castor @ fub46 . zedat . fu-berlin . de i52023 @ sakura . kudpc . kyoto-u . ac . jp
 "",0
 734,""Subject: 
  
  syntax c . s . rhys , d . adger and a . von klopp ( eds ) , functional categories , argument structure and parametric variation . price 7 . 75 ( pounds sterling ) ; 179pp . centre for cognitive science , university of edinburgh . working papers in cognitive science , vol 9 . available from inhouse publications secretary , centre for cognitive science , 2 buccleuch place , edinburgh , eh8 9lw ( email : diane @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk ) how is argument structure projected into the syntax , and how does it interact specifically with information contributed by functional heads ? the papers in this volume address these questions within a broadly gb - based framework cross-linguistically covering empirical issues such as auxiliaries , nominalisations , case-patternings , coordination , temporal interpretation and binding . the papers tend to converge towards a recognition of the non-ambiguity of lexemes and of the rich structure of their internal specification . ihp postal charges are : uk 1 . 50 , world surface 2 . 50 world airmail 5 . 50 ( all figures pound sterling ) . semantics harvey , mandy , and lynn santelmann ( eds . ) , proceedings from semantics and linguistic theory iv 1994 299pp . paperbound cost : $ 18 . 00 students , $ 20 . 00 non-students ( prepaid ) for further information on the contents of this and other dmll publications and how to order , please contact dmll publications at books @ plab . dmll . cornell . edu . phonology harris , john ( university college london ) ; english sound structure ; 1994 ; 336 pp ; blackwell ; hb 0-631 - 18261 - 6 ; pb 0-631 - 18741 - 3 . inspection copy requests : ( usa ) blkwell @ world . std . com ; ( uk ) inspcopies @ cix . compulink . co . uk . the book is as much about phonological theory as about the phonology of english . it is designed as a text for use on intermediate and advanced courses but will be of value to anyone interested in recent theoretical developments in the field . drawing on material from a wide range of dialects , the book explores the view that phonological differences between grammars are constrained by universal principles and occur within fixed bounds defined by a small number of parameters . phenomena discussed include vowel length , syllabic structure , consonantal weakening , and vowel reduction and syncope . slavic ling kto est ' kto v sovremennoj rusistike ( who 's who in russian linguistics ; in russian ) , ed . by yuri karaulov ( moscow ) and arto mustajoki ( helsinki ) . 1994 . 330 pp . hard - covered . distributor libri academici , fax ( + 358 ) - 0-13114332 . fim 250 ( approx . $ 50 ) + s / h . isbn 952-90 - 5536 - 6 . more information about the book and the possibility of using a credit card : mustajok @ waltari . helsinki . fi . first attempt to collect information on specialists in russian linguistics from all over the world . contains entries on more than 650 linguists specialising in russian , among them such famous scholars as adamec , apresyan , arutyunova , chvany , corbett , zolotova . if you are not included in the first edition of the book and you would like to be mentioned in the second edition , please send your e-mail address or fax to arto mustajoki ( mustajok @ waltari . helsinki . fi ) , who will contact you later . obs ! you can avoid shipping costs by using visa , mastercard or eurocard . give your name and address and card number ( + expiry date of your card ) by e-mail : mustajok @ waltari . helsinki . fi
 "",0
 735,""Subject: re : 5 . 1344 native speaker intuitions
  
  the discussion on native speaker intuitions has been extremely interesting , but i worry that my brief intervention may have muddied the waters . i take it that there are a number of separable issues . the first is the extent to which a native speaker is likely to judge a lexical string as grammatical or ungrammatical per se . the second is concerned with the relationships between syntax and interpretation ( although even here the distinction may not be entirely clear cut ) . most english speakers would probably judge child teacher the the asked leave to room the as both ungrammatical and uninterpretable . however , my couple of sentences ( which were from a source that i no longer recall - apologies ! ) raise slightly different issues . if it is possible to interpret the following : 1 . the child asked the teacher to leave the room 2 . the teacher asked the child to leave the room as having the same consequences ( i . e . that it was the child who left the room ) then it seems to me that the relationship between grammatical representation and interpretation is inherently unstable . just because some native speakers solve the problem in one way should not override the empirical fact that other native speakers solve it in another way . if we take the strings : 3 . i would ' ve done it . and the emphatice assertion : 4 . i really would have / of ( / ov / ) it would seem that , on the evidence of ( some ) british speakers ' phonologies , have = of . i . e . , they treat of as a verb in some circumstances . as prescriptivists , we can tell them that they are wrong , and explain ( by analogy ? ) why they are wrong . as descripivists , though , it seems that we have to take such native-speaker intuitions at their face value . in the latter case , we are left with a conundrum and one that seems to me particularly relevant to the problem of second language teaching : who is a native speaker ? for what it is worth , i have tried to explore these issues more detail in ' language and the linguists ' , _ social semiotics _ ( 1993 ) , 3 , 2 , 161-181 tony bex
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 736,""Subject: number invariance : summary
  
  several weeks ago i posted a call for help identifying languages in which nouns may show the same form of number with all enumerating numerals . examples from english , which does not in general allow such number invariance , include the noun ' head ' in ' one head of cattle ' , ' two head of cattle ' , etc . and , more systematically , nouns compounded with numerals ( cf . two-car garage , three-body problem , four-week ins - titute , five-page summary , six-foot high ) . a summary of the responses follows . please feel free to add to this list ( or to take issue with my summaries ) . thanks to patrick farrell , tim pulju and all the sources mentioned below . thanks also to the res - pondents who provided the following general discussion of number invar - iance and english compounds : churma , d . ( 1983 ) """" jets fans , raider rooters , and the interaction of morphosyntactic processes """" . cls 19 ( paravolume ) churma , d . ( 1987 ) """" explaining level ordering , and how not to parse a word """" . bls 13 . rijkhoff , j . 1991 . """" nominal aspect """" . journal of semantics 8 - 4 , 291-309 . rijkhoff , j . 1992 . the noun phrase : a typological study of its form and structure . doctoral dissertation , university of amsterdam . [ esp . ch . 3 . 1 . 1 . pp . 74-103 ] rijkhoff , j . forthcoming ? . """" ` number ' disagreement """" . proceedings of the xvth international congress of linguists , 9-14 august 1992 , quebec , canada . 1 ) australian : many australian languages show number invariance . although they generally have a plural morpheme that may be affixed to nouns , this is not used unless required by pragmatic considera - tions . thus , in pitjantjatjara ( western desert ) , ngampu is ' egg ' , and we have ngampu marnkurpa ' three eggs ' . references on pitjantja - tjara : goddard , cliff . 1993 . a learner 's guide to pitjantjatjara / yankunytjatjara . alice springs : institute for aboriginal development trudinger ; ronald m . 1943 . grammar of the pitjantjatjara dialect , central australia . oceania xiii : 3 , 205-223 source : rob pensalfini ( rjpensal @ mit . edu ) 2 ) basque : nouns in indefinite nps behave like possibly all turkic languages in using an invariant form of the noun with all numerals . examples : gizon bat ` one man ' , bi gizon ` two men ' ( bizkaian gizon bi ) , hiru gizon ` three men ' . noun plurality may be marked , however , in nps containing definite determiners . one such determiner is the """" ordinary """" or """" definite """" article - a , which is a suffix . examples : gizon bata ` the one man ' ( rare ) , bi gizonak ` the two men ' , ` both men ' ( bizkaian gizon biak ) , hiru gizonak ` the three men ' , ` all three men ' . references : la - fitte , pierre ( 1944 ) , grammaire basque , pp . 76-78 . saltarelli , mario ( 1988 ) basque , p . 172 . source : larry trask ( larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk ) 3 ) celtic : in welsh ( an perhaps in all celtic languages ) , all cardinal numbers obligatorily take thesingular of the follow - ing noun ( cf . ci 'd og ' , cwn 'd ogs ' : un ci , dau gi , tri chi , pedwar ci , pum ci , chwe chi , saith ci , wyth ci , naw ci , deg ci . . . ( ' one dog , two dogs . . . ten dogs ' ) . there is , however , an alternative partitive construction , especially favoured with higher numbers , and here you get the plural : pump o gwn , chwech o gwn . . . ( lit . ' five of dogs , six of dogs ' ) . any welsh grammar book will give you a reliable description . references : ball , m . ( ed ) ' the celtic languages ' routledge , 1993 . sources : nigel love ( nlove @ beattie . uct . ac . za ) martin j . ball ( mj . ball @ ulst . ac . uk ) 4 ) chaha : in chaha there is no plural morpheme ( cf . at bet ' one house ' , xwet bet ' two houses ' ) , except in some lexically marked plurals on a very small number of nouns ( cf . at arc ' one boy ' , xwet dengya ' two boys ' ) . source : banksira degif petros ( d217704 @ er . uqam . ca ) 5 ) chinese : chinese does just what you wrote : yi tou niu ' one tou cow ' , where tou is a classifier for domestic animals ( and also a noun in its own right meaning head ) . source : paul woods ( woodspr @ osuunx . ucc . okstate . edu ) 6 ) choctaw : choctaw nouns are never marked for number under any cir - cumstances . number marking is diffuse and lexical , meaning there are a variety of non-parallel strategies for indicating the number value of particular nouns . source : marcia haag ( haag @ monk . nhn . uoknor . edu ) 7 ) dutch : dutch words for time intervals like kwartier ' quarter ' , and uur ' hour ' are always singular . maand ' month ' and jaar ' year ' usually remain singular . seconde , minuut , dag 'd ay ' , nacht ' night ' , week , and eeuw ' century ' take plural morphology when there is two or more of them . meter , centimeter , kilometer , hectoliter , kilo - ( gram ) and frank , always remain singular too . sources : bert peeters ( peeters @ postoffice . utas . edu . au ) patricia haegeman ( fte . haegeman . p @ alpha . ufsia . ac . be ) 8 ) english creole of new guinea ( = neomelanesian ? ) : here we have examples like wan pela man ' one man ' ( lit . ' one fellow man ' ) , tu pela man ' two men ' ( lit . two fellow man ) . similar facts may be found in ( some ) of the underlying local langua - ges . sources : brian drayton ( brian _ drayton @ terc . edu ) from personal communication with anthony arlotto , e . wayles browne ( ewb2 @ cornell . edu ) . 9 ) finno - ugric : hungarian has a plural morpheme - k . yet , in spite of plurals like toll ( a ) k ' pencils ' , one says egy toll ' one pencil , ket toll ' two pencil ' , harom toll ' three pencil ' . . . , sok toll ' many pen - cil ' . further examples : kapu ' gate ' has a plural kapuk ' gates ' . yet we have hat kapu 's ix gates ' . finnish works the same way . sources : roman agnes ( aromi @ eratos . erin . utoronto . ca ) edith a moravcsik ( edith @ csd . uwm . edu ) 10 ) georgian : generally , nouns following a cardinal number remain in the singular . measure words are not used . source : john peterson ( gor05 @ rz . uni-kiel . d400 . de ) 11 ) german : gerhard helbig & joachim buscha , deutsche grammatik says on p . 528 that some measure nouns ( mostly feminines ) dis - tinguish between singular and plural in phrases like eine flas - che sekt """" a bottle of sparkling wine """" - zwei flaschen sekt . a list follows : die buchse , die dose , die kiste , der krug , die schussel , der tag , die tasse , die woche . . . other measure nouns ( mostly neuter ) keep the singular : ein stuck zucker - drei stuck zucker , ein kasten bier - drei kasten ( or drei ka """" sten [ the pl ] ) bier . likewise : das blatt , das glas , das kilo , die mark , das meter , das paar , das pfund , der sack . . . ( the . . . is in the original ) . soruce : e . wayles brown ( ewb2 @ cornell . edu ) 12 ) indic : in hindi , a measure of time , distance , mass , etc . is left in the singular with cardinal numbers numbers . otherwise , common nouns appear in the plural after a number . measure words are not used . as with hindi , a measure of time , distance , mass , etc . is left in the singular in nepali . in addition , common nouns here are generally left in the singular and one of two measure words is used : janaa for humans , vataa for animals and things . this un - doubtedly is due to tibeto - burman influence . source : john peterson ( gor05 @ rz . uni-kiel . d400 . de ) 13 ) indonesian ( bahasa indonesia ) : although one may pluralise a noun by reduplication , this is a non-specific form of the plur - al ( cf . kucing ' cat ' , kucing-kucing ' cats ' ) . if one wanted to say five cats , it would simply be : lima ekor kucing ' five classifier cat ' . i am pretty sure that ' lima ekor kucing-kucing ' would get a star , but i ' ll give it a provisional question mark . reference : mac - donald , r . ross . 1976 indonesian reference grammar . washington , dc : georgetown university press . source : rob pensalfini ( rjpensal @ mit . edu ) 14 ) japanese : has no inflectional morphology for nouns , and thus ex - hibits number invariance completely . source : steve seegmiller ( seegmiller @ apollo . montclair . edu ) 15 ) kiribati ( = gilbertese ) : the unmarked form bentira ' pencil ' is used for example in a . ai bentira ' four pencils ' ( lit . ' four . long unit pencil ' ) and a . botaki bentira ' four groups of pencils ' ( lit . ' four . group pencil ' ) . source : martin silverman ( mgs @ unixg . ubc . ca ) 16 ) modern persian : in an afghan variety of persian one can say yak bacha ` one brother ' , do bacha ` two brothers ' , se bacha ` three broth - ers ' , char bacha ` four brothers ' , etc . references : any grammar of modern persian . also carleton hodge has numerous publications descri - bing aspects of persian structure . source : charles scott ( cscott @ macc . wisc . edu ) 17 ) newari : this tibeto - burman functions like nepali ( see indic above ) in this respect . the main difference is that newari almost always has a measure word after a cardinal number . generally , only nouns denoting living beings have a plural form . reference : hans joergensen , a grammar of the classical newari . copenhagen : ejnar munksgaard , 1941 . ( det kgl . danske videnskabernes selskab , hist . - filol . meddelelser , xxvii , 3 . ) source : john peterson ( gor05 @ rz . uni-kiel . d400 . de ) 18 ) niger - congo : for bambara , c . bailleul ( cours pratique de bambara , iii : types de phrases . imprimerie de la savane . bobo - dioulasso , 1977 ) only mentions cn num , while c . bird et al . ( an ka bamanan kalan : beginning bambara . iulc , 1977 ) say an addition - al possibility is cn num pl - def ( p . 43 ) . dogon seems to have just cn num ( cf . kervran , m . & a . prost les parler dogons i . donno so . documents linguistiques 16 , universite de dakar , 1969 ) . source : chris culy ( cculy @ vaxa . weeg . uiowa . edu ) 19 ) semitic : semitic often makes """" no statement as to number """" . nouns have regular plurals , but in counting you use the plural form only up to 10 and then revert to the singular . in hebrew this is most normal with time words , which happen also to be a small group of words that has a dual , as well . so for """" yom """" ( day ) you count """" yom exad """" , yomayim ( the dual ) , and from 3 to 10 it 's """" shlosha yamim . . . asara yamim . """" then you usually switch back to """" axad-asar yom """" ( 11 ) , etc . standard arabic counting is far messier with cases interfering , too , though all modern spoken arabics are more like hebrew . ( they do n't have a syntax that would allow complression into """" a three-day conference """" type of phrase . ) source : bob fradkin ( raf100f @ oduvm . cc . odu . edu ) 20 ) siouan : siouan languages mark number in the verb , not the noun . noun , so there being no plural morphology for nouns , they are natur - ally invariant with numerals ( numerals are a sort of verb , actually some of the languages can mark number in nps by choosing among var - ious forms of the definite article , which marks positional / configur - ational gender . collections of things have a different configura - tion from single items , so a different article . source : john e . koontz ( koontz @ alpha . bldr . nist . gov ) 21 ) turkish : turkish and perhaps all turkic languages have a plur - al inflection - ler / - lar which is usually omitted if a numeral marks the np as plural ( unless definiteness is expressed ) . examples : adam ` man ' , adamlar ` men ' , ` the men ' , bir adam ` one man ' , iki adam ` two men ' , iki adamlar ` the two men ' , ` both men ' . references : lewis , tur - kish grammar , clarendon press , pp . 25-26 , or underhill , turkish gram - mar , mit press . sources : edith a moravcsik ( edith @ csd . uwm . edu ) steve seegmiller ( seegmiller @ apollo . montclair . edu ) larry trask ( larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk ) e . wayles browne ( ewb2 @ cornell . edu )
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 737,""Subject: the comparative method and syntactic reconstruction
  
  the ongoing discussion in the list about the comparative method has raised questions about its applicability to syntactic reconstruction . i have the impression that with increasing frequency , one comes across statements such as the following in the literature : """" most of the attested languages in language family x have some syntactic property . therefore we can assume that proto - x had this property . """" or """" of all the languages in family y , only language ( a ) has some particular syntactic property . therefore we can assume that this property of ( a ) is an innovation not present in proto - y . """" in other words , there is the tacit assumption that the comparative method can be applied to syntax . but can it ? could anything resembling latin syntax be reconstructed through comparison of the syntax of the modern romance languages ? most of the modern germanic languages are svo . should we therefore reconstruct proto - germanic ( almost surely incorrectly ) as svo ? standard introductions to historical linguistics ( e . g . anttila , jeffers & lehiste , etc . ) argue that the comparative method is inapplicable to syntactic reconstruction due to the fact that there is no analog in syntax to regular sound change . oversimplifying a bit , words are composed of phonemes ; the comparative method assumes that phonemic change in one word in a particular environment will be mirrored by like changes in other words in similar environments . but what are the syntactic analogues of words and phonemes ? and furthermore , syntactic change can be fairly catyclysmic , restructuring grammars wholesale in one generation - - unlikely or impossible with phonological systems . i would be interested in hearing the opinions of others on the question of syntactic reconstruction on the basis of comparing similarities and differences ; also , i wonder if there has been discussion in the literature that has led to a change in opinion from what i took to be the standard position that the comparative method is inapplicable . fritz newmeyer fjn @ u . washington . edu
 "",0
 738,""Subject: job posting
  
  columbia university 517 philosophy hall french and romance philology new york , ny 10027 assistant professor , recent ph . d . in french , with strong qualifications in applied linguistics and foreign language pedagogy , will coordinate language instruction and organize supervision of teaching assistants . must have native-like command of french and be qualified to teach advanced composition and conversation . this search is contingent upon funding availability . columbia university is an aa / eo employer . deadline : 12 / 07 / 94 . send letter , vita , writing sample , and placement dossier to prof . antoine compagnon , chair .
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 739,""Subject: job opportunity
  
  i am sending this information on behalf of dr . jong - hwan lee , visiting scholar at michigan state university . full - time lecturer of english as a foreign language in korea kunsan national university kunsan national university ( south-west of korea ) is now opening a full time lecturer position for the term starting march 1 , 1995 . payment ( starting salary ) : approximately $ 2 , 000 a month when it is converted into us dollars , with housing and a round-trip ticket provided teaching : english conversation , about 10 hours a week time : 1 year , but , to be able to extend the period in accordance with the agreement between the two hiring requirement : eligibility : ma degree with one year teaching career or ph . d degree ( s / he will be treated cordially who graduated from dept . of english , linguistics or american thought & language ) document : cv with a photo a copy of a certificate of degree ( ba and ma ) a copy of a certificate of academic records contact : dr . jong - hwan lee , a visiting scholar at michigan state university 1204 # c university village east lansing mi 48823 ph . ( 517 ) 355-5970
 "",0
 740,""Subject: job position
  
  university of stuttgart institute of computational linguistics positions in transfer , semantics , logic and theorem proving the institute of computational linguistics at the university of stuttgart has a number of research positions in the sonderforschungsbereich """" linguistic foundations for computational linguistics """" and the verbmobil project . the positions involve research into : computational semantics ; transfer ; inference modules ( theorem provers ) needed for the resolution of lexical and other ambiguities . work will involve both theory and implementation . candidates should have experience in one or more of the following areas : natural language semantics , computational linguistics , machine translation , formal logic , theorem proving . contracts will be initially for roughly two years ( depending on the date of commencement ) , with possibilities of renewal . payment is on the bat iia / ib scale ( upwards of ca . dm 65 . 000 , - - a year ) applications ( cv and a brief statement of scientific experience and interest ) should be sent preferably by e-mail to josef @ ims . uni-stuttgart . de by december 5 , 1994 professor dr . hans kamp institut fuer maschinelle sprachverarbeitung universitaet stuttgart azenbergstrasse 12 70174 stuttgart germany phone : + 49 ( 711 ) 121-1362 or 1365 fax : + 49 ( 711 ) 121-1366 e-mail : josef @ ims . uni-stuttgart . de
 "",0
 741,""Subject: call for papers : language and prehistory in south asia
  
  ( the previous call omitted the abstract deadline : dec . 31 , 1995 . ) the center for south asian studies , school of hawai ` ian , asian and pacific studies , university of hawai ` i , announces its eleventh annual spring symposium entitled language and prehistory in south asia , to be held march 20 & 21 , 1995 ( monday and tuesday ) from 9 : 00 am to 4 : 00 pm on the university of hawai ` i at manoa campus . papers are invited up to thirty minutes in length , focusing on any aspect of the structure , use , and history of any of the modern or classical languages of south asia ( including afghanistan , bangladesh , bhutan , india , maldives , pakistan , sikkim , sri lanka , and tibet ) as well as relationships and contacts among the languages of this area and between these languages and the languages of mainland and insular south east asia , east asia , central asia , western asia , africa or the pacific islands ( e . g . fiji ) . the proceedings will be published in summer or fall 1995 . abstracts ( one copy , one page , not anonymous ) should be received by dec . 31 , 1994 , by karina bingham , symposium coordinator , center for south asian studies , moore hall 416 , university of hawai ` i / manoa , honolulu , hi 96822 . acceptances will be announced by jan . 14 , 1995 . for more information , contact dr . lawrence a . reid , dept . of linguistics , ( 808 ) 956-3223 or reid @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu .
 "",0
 742,""Subject: call for papers - acl-95 corpus workshop
  
  acl 's sigdat presents the third workshop on very large corpora preliminary call for papers when : june 30 , 1995 - immediately following acl-95 ( june 27-29 ) where : mit , cambridge , massachusetts , usa workshop description : as in past years , the workshop will offer a general forum for new research in corpus-based and statistical natural language processing . areas of interest include ( but are not limited to ) : sense disambiguation , part-of - speech tagging , robust parsing , term and name identification , alignment of parallel text , machine translation , lexicography , spelling correction , morphological analysis and anaphora resolution . this year , the workshop will be organized around the theme of : supervised training vs . self - organizing methods is annotation worth the effort ? historically , annotated corpora have made a significant contribution . the tagged brown corpus , for example , led to important improvements in part-of - speech tagging . but annotated corpora are expensive . very little annotated data is currently available , especially for languages other than english . self - organizing methods offer the hope that annotated corpora might not be necessary . do these methods really work ? do we have to choose between annotated corpora and unannotated corpora ? can we use both ? the workshop will encourage contributions of innovative research along this spectrum . in particular , it will seek work in languages other than english and in applications where appropriately tagged training corpora do not exist . it will also explore what new kinds of corpus annotations ( such as discourse structure , co-reference and sense tagging ) would be useful to the community , and will encourage papers on their development and use in experimental projects . the theme will provide an organizing structure to the workshop , and offer a focus for debate . however , we expect and will welcome a diverse set of submissions in all areas of statistical and corpus-based nlp . program chairs : ken church - at&t bell laboratories david yarowsky - university of pennsylvania sponsor : sigdat ( acl 's special interest group for linguistic data and corpus-based approaches to nlp ) format for submission : authors should submit a full-length paper ( 3500-8000 words ) , either electronically or in hard-copy . electronic submissions must either be plain ascii text or a single latex file following the acl-95 stylesheet ( no separate figures or . bib files ) . hard copy submissions should include four ( 4 ) copies of the paper . authors should consult the primary call for papers in late january for updated specifications . schedule : submission deadline : march 10 , 1995 notification date : april 10 , 1995 camera ready copy due : may 10 , 1995 contact : ken church david yarowsky room 2b-421 dept . of computer and info . science at&t bell laboratories university of pennsylvania 600 mountain ave . 200 s . 33rd st . murray hill , nj 07974 usa philadelphia , pa 19104-6389 usa e-mail : kwc @ research . att . com email : yarowsky @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu
 "",0
 743,""Subject: celtic linguistics
  
  * * * * * * celtic linguistics conference * * * * * preliminary posting and call for papers a conference on the formal linguistics of the celtic languages will be held in university college dublin on june 22-23 1995 . abstracts are invited for 30 - minute talks on all aspects of theoretically-oriented research on the celtic languages . please submit 4 copies of a 1 - page abstract ( 3 anonymous and one camera - ready copy with name , affiliation etc . ) to the address below . abstracts must be received by february 15th , 1995 . expressions of interest and requests for further information should be sent to either of the following addresses [ a more detailed posting will follow in early january ] : chiosain @ ollamh . ucd . ie acquaviv @ ccvax . ucd . ie or to celtic linguistics conference department of linguistics university college dublin belfield , dublin 4 ireland
 "",0
 744,""Subject: """" sum : have / hold / compulsion / existence
  
  about a month ago , i posted an enquiry asking for help in finding non - ie languages , in which there was a connection between any of the following expressions : ' hold ' and ' possess ' , synchronically or diachronically ' exist ' and ' possess ' ' must / should ' and ' possess ' and i was quite happy about the enthusiastic reponse ( around 20 of you contacted me ) . so , for all who are interested , here is a short summary . i hope i have n't left anyone out and that i have n't confused anything , as i know next to nothing about the languages you all told me about . there was also the small 'd isaster ' with my email - i accidentally deleted some of your answers , so i apologize if you answered but do n't find your name in the list . i would like to take the chance now to thank all those who did answer with information on the following languages : japanese : here , the verb mot - ' hold ' can also be used to a large extent for ' possess ' , but not for ' existence ' or ' compulsion ' also , an anonymous reply pointed out another construction for ' possess ' with aru - ' exist ' , but was not sure about the difference in meaning between ' possess ' with mot - and ' possess ' with aru . basque : * edun ( nowadays - du - ) is used for possession and as an auxiliary . in addition , in the south , the verb eduki ' hold ' has also to some extent been grammaticalized to denote ' possess ' and also ' perfect ' with transitive verbs , while intransitives form the perfect with izan ' be ' . this development seems to be following the lines of the development latin ) romance . hebrew : there is no verb ' possess ' in hebrew : possession is expressed periphrastically ( with the """" dative """" ) . interestingly , here also there is a connection between ' possess ' and ' compulsion ' and ' existence ' , which all apparently use this construction . aramaic : in many aramaic dialects , the earlier construction ' past participle + dative ( ' l ' ) + pronoun ' became the past tense . l is now predominantly used for a goal with verbs of motion , but is also used for possession . arabic : in cairene colloquial arabic , @ anda ' at / near / by ' is used for possession and is then negated like a verb , not like a preposition . tamil iru ' be ( located ) ' + dative is used for possession and for durative / continuous aspect , but not for perfect / perfective . kol ' hold ' , although not used for ' possess ' can be combined with iru and denotes that the action is one of the following : self-benefactive , reflexive , deliberate and / or accidental ( depending on what was expected ) . crow : ' exist ' / ' not-exist ' is not only used for existence but also ' possess ' and perfective aspect . finish : pitaa ' hold ' can also be used to express ' compulsion ' but interestingly , not ' possess ' . dakota : yuha ' hold ' may also be used to some extent for ' have ' , otherwise ' be with ' is used . chinese : yong3yiu3 , where yong3 denotes ' embrace ' , can also be used to express ' possess , own ' . to stress that one has total control , one may use zhung3yiu3 , where zhung3 denotes ' hold in one 's palm ' ( yiu3 is ' possess ' , ' existence ' and can also be used for ' perfect ' with questions and negative statements ) idg * ghebh ' give ' - ) latin habeo ' hold ' and finally , a few tips for further reading : bernd heine : grammaticaliztion : a conceptual framework . w . welmers : african language structures kathleen carey 's doctoral thesis on ' have ' as ' possess ' and ' perfect ' in the romance langauges , dept . of linguistics , ucsd robert hoberman , the syntax and semantics of verb morphology in modern aramaic ( american oriental society ) , 1989 simon hopkins , """" neo - aramaic dialects and the formation of the preterite """" , journal of semantic studies 34 : 413-432 , 1989 j . vendryes , """" sur l ' emploi de l ' auxiliaire ( < avoir ) > pour marquer le passe """" , melanges de linguistique et de philologie offerts a jacq . van ginneken , paris : 1937 . e . benveniste : """" la construction passive du parfait transitif """" , bulletin de la societe de linguistique de paris , 1952 , 48 . , 136 : 52-62 . many thanks to all who responded . due to my accidental deletion , some of you unfortunately only appear as an address . those who responded were : ben @ edr5r . edr . co . jp gkinkley @ uhuni . uhcc . hawaii . edu larry trask : larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk edit @ vms . huji . ac . il robert hoberman : rhoberman @ sbccmail . bitnet kirk belnap : belnapk @ yvax . byu . edu haroldfs @ u . washington . edu karen wallace : wallace @ biology . ucla . edu john e . koontz : koontz @ alpha . bldr . nist . gov siiroinen @ finuh . bitnet wenchao li ishaw @ ndsuvm1 . bitnet bert peeters : bert . peeters @ modlang . utas . edu . au elc9j @ faraday . clas . virginia . edu kemmer @ ruf . rice . edu c . jan - wouter zwart : zwart @ letrug . nl malcolm . ross @ anu . edu . au rcosper @ husky1 . stmarys . ca john peterson , kiel , germany , e-mail : gor05 @ rz . uni-kiel . d400 . de
 "",0
 745,""Subject: home page
  
  we have a home page : applied linguistics at birkbeck college , university of london : http : / / www / bbk . ac . uk / departments / appliedlinguistics / home . html and access to the applied linguistics ' virtual library ' , which we are maintaining : http : / / www . bbk . ac . uk / departments / appliedlinguistics / virtuallibrary . html categories in the latter to date are : programs in applied linguistics projects in applied linguistics current papers electronic journals data archives we are interested in programs , etc that would like to establish links and also , we would like suggestions as to how to organize the al ' virtual library ' . larry selinker l . selinker @ app-ling . bbk . ac . uk
 "",0
 746,""Subject: genie video update
  
  i have received many inquiries from outside north america about a message i posted a couple of months ago about a video program on genie , entitled the secret of the wild child . the 800 number ( 800-255 - 9424 ) is good only in north america . here is the address , phone number , and the fax number for the distributer : wgbh p . o . box 2284 south burlington , vt 05407 u . s . a . phone : 802 862 8881 ( ask for the ordering department ) fax no . : 804 864 9846 secret of the wild child is produced by pbs ( public broadcasting system ) as part of the nova series .
 "",0
 747,""Subject: gls 1995 info on www
  
  information regarding the georgetown linguistics society 's gls 1995 : developments in discourse conference ( 17-19 feb 1995 ) is now available on the world - wide web from the georgetown university linguistics home page , at the url : http : / / www . georgetown . edu / cball / gu _ lx . html currently we have a list of plenary speakers , accommodation and transportation information , and general information about the conference . the page will be udated regularly to include a full list of presenters , scheduling information and more . if you need information that 's not on there yet , please do n't hesitate to contact gls at : internet : gls @ guvax . georgetown . edu bitnet : gls @ guvax . bitnet voice : 202-687 - 6166 - - jeff deby debyj @ gusun . georgetown . edu georgetown university
 "",0
 748,""Subject: poem ( re : 5 . 1276 eskimo """" snow """" )
  
  as a footnote to the recent exchanges , linguists may be interested in the following short poem by the dublin poet , aiden mathews , entitled the death of irish : the tide gone out for good , thirty - one words for seaweed whiten on the foreshore ( reproduced on p . 1428 of the filed day anthology of irish writing and currently on display on the dublin metro as part of a poetry-for - the - people campaign ) . i have not enquired what the thirty-one words might be . but then are we not dealing here with feelings rather than facts ? seamus o ciosain c / o mairenic @ irlearn . bitnet
 "",0
 749,""Subject: call reports
  
  the national languages and literacy institute of australia ltd . ( nllia ) language and technology centre ( lattice ) computer assisted language learning ( call ) reports are now available on gopher . these have been updated to october 1994 . they can be obtained on the gopher gopher . cltr . uq . oz . au ftparchive the publically accessible archives nllia lattice call - reports all files are in text format and are reports from the nllia database system 's resources database . the languages represented are : amharic ancient greek arabic bengali chinese english french german greek ( modern ) indonesian italian japanese korean latin russian spanish for further information contact : peter white director , lattice centre for language teaching and research the university of queensland , qld 4072 australia tel : + 61 7 365-6893 ; fax : + 61 7 365-7077 email : peterw @ lingua . cltr . uq . oz . au
 "",0
 750,""Subject: sum : eng ns in - ee
  
  more than a dozen linguist readers responded to my request for naturally occurring instances of english nouns in - ee ( as in _ employee _ , _ escapee _ , etc . ) - - thanks ! special thanks go to gregory grefenstette of rank xerox research center in grenoble , who searched half a gigabyte of recent newspaper articles . several people reported uses of _ mentee _ ` person who is mentored ' , and i had reports of _ standee _ ` person required to stand ( as on a bus ) ' from london , new york , louisiana , and british columbia . a paper draft containing a catalog of attested uses of over 400 - ee noun word types is available through anonymous ftp at : ftp : / / ling . rochester . edu / pub / barker / papers / ee files available include the draft itself , a two-page summary abstract , and most of the relevant entries from the second edition of the oed ( including quotations ) . the paper contains quite a lot of data , and requires 48 pages to print . the data suggest that formation in - ee is highly productive , that analyses based on the syntactic argument structure of the stem verb are either incomplete or severely disjunctive , and that formation of - ee nouns obeys three essentially semantic constraints : an - ee noun referent must be sentient , the denotation of an - ee noun must be episodically linked to the denotation of its stem ( i give a formal semantic event-based definition of ` ` episodically linked ' ' ) , and the referent of an - ee noun must lack volitional control over some relevant aspect of the event which qualifies it as being in the extension of the noun in question . taken together , i argue that these semantic constraints amount to a thematic role type . if so , then semantically defined thematic roles can actively guide formation of new words . an unsystematic selection of data contributed by readers of linguist : best wishee ` . . . who has one lovable father , one lovable mother , one sick somebody , one successful somebody , one good-deed - doer , one poor pen pal , one best wishee , and two birthday celebrants for every nine letters you send . ' the washington post , 15 july 1987 , style section , page c5 . extractee ` recalling the earlier claim that rnr yields vp - level extractees . . . ' paul postal , ` parasitic and pseudoparasitic gaps ' , linguistic inquiry 25 , 1994 , page 113 . festschriftee ` this bibliography attempts to cover all books and articles written , co-authored or edited by the festschriftee . . . ' joergen dines johansen and harly sonne , edds . ( 1986 ) pragmatics and linguistics , festschrift for jacob l . ~ mey , odense university press , odense p . 248 . firee ` some executives would rather begin by reciting the employee 's virtues and recalling his contributions to the company . but one executive who tried that says the """" firee """" interrupted him to ask for a raise . ' wall street journal , 20 march 1987 . fuckee ` there is an old joke in which two african - americans want to sit in the front of the bus ( in the old days when this was illegal ) . to accomplish this , they pretend to be lawyers . lest they be discovered , they believe , after they board the bus that they should talk some lawyer talk . they begin to discuss a rape case , and one lawyer claims not to understand the other 's case and asks : """" who duh fucker , an who duh fuckee ? """" ' [ reported separately by dennis preston and geoffrey s . ~ nathan . ] laughee ` another device dekoven uses is the meetings meter , a piece of software that functions like a taxi meter , displaying a continuing tally on how much the meeting is costing . the inspiration for the device came at a meeting with his attorney when dekoven realized he wasted $ 11 telling a long joke to the $ 300 - an-hour laughee . ' san francisco chronicle 6 october 1993 page d7 .
 "",0
 751,""Subject: summary of ' bubbler '
  
  a few months ago i posted an inquiry on the linguist listing on the distribution of the word """" bubbler """" as a synonym for drinking fountain . thanks to all who responded , which are too many to list . the dictionary of american regional english has also extensively investigated this word and it was my goal to gain more specific information than that supplied by dare ( for example , the regional distribution within wisconsin . ) here is a summary of my findings : in wisconsin , bubbler is used throughout the eastern half of the state , particularly along the coast of lake michigan and becomes less prominent the further west one travels . the """" stronghold """" of bubbler appears to be in milwaukee and its suburbs . milwaukee is also thought to be the geographic origin of bubbler , coined by the kohler company in the early 1900 's . my university ( uw - whitewater ) appears to be in conflict over what to call drinking fountains . in one of our residence halls there is a sign asking residents to not use the drinking fountain as a garbage disposal . the word 'd rinking ' is crossed out , and ' water ' is put in its place . then ' water ' and ' fountain ' are crossed out , and ' bubbler ' is put in their place . it goes to show you that people can be very loyal to their colloquialisms ! my research provided no evidence for the term 's use in minnesota or illinois , but i did find the word in use along the western part of michigan 's upper peninsula ( which borders wisconsin 's bubbler-using region . ) if bubbler is used anywhere else in the midwest , its existence escaped my research . in fact , i found no evidence of the word 's use within the u . s . west of the mississippi or south of the ohio river . the other region that uses the term includes the state of rhode island ( where it is used exclusively by many speakers ) , far eastern connecticut , and southeastern massachusetts - including the boston area . i had people from this region respond with amusement because they did n't know the word was used anywhere outside of their area . lastly , and much to my surprise , bubbler is used in southeastern australia - predominately in new south wales ( including sydney and canberra ) and in portions of the provinces bordering new south wales . the information on australia is only based on a few responses , but there were some , especially in sydney , who used bubbler exclusively while growing up . there were some from parts of australia who had never heard the term before , so it does appear that it is also regionally distributed in australia . there were some who distinguished bubblers from drinking fountains . some only called outside fountains , bubblers , while others vice versa . one only called non-refridgerating fountains , bubblers . drinking fountain seems to be the generic term that everyone is familiar with , whether they use it or not . other synonymns are : water fountain , water cooler , fountain , and water bubbler . for what its worth , the only accounts i had of the term ' water bubbler ' were among african americans from milwaukee ( but this only included three people . ) just plain ' fountain ' seemed to be the word of choice in northwestern wisconsin , while drinking fountain and water fountain were used pretty interchangeably everywhere else . as for its use in literature , the only printed documentation of bubbler i could find ( under the given definition ) was a 1985 milwaukee journal article which was about the word 's usage in milwaukee . i realize that some of my findings are inconsistent with dare - i believe this is because my research was not nearly as thorough as dare , and did n't take into account historical usage , only current usage . thanks again to those who responded . your avid bubbler user , sean christensen internet : seanc @ iclnet93 . iclnet . org university of wisconsin - whitewater
 "",0
 752,""Subject: """" rain """" = """" falling water """" : summary
  
  my sincere thanks go to everybody who responded to my query about the typological possibility of """" rain """" = """" falling water """" : to paul woods , john peterson , li wenchao , marion kee , alan cienki , mari siroinen , zhang ning , sam mikes , siamak rezaei , jeffrey goldberg , and steve matthews , who all responded and have been very helpful . apart from the numerous responses containing """" rain falls """" , the case i was looking for """" water falls """" = """" it is raining """" is attested in : 1 ) non-standard cantonese lohk suei """" fall + water """" ( received from paul woods and steve matthews ) ; 2 ) finnish sataa vetta """" """" it rains """" , where sataa has original meaning """" to fall """" and vetta """" is partitive of vesi """" water """" ( recieved from mari siroinen and sam mikes ) ; 3 ) nepali """" paani par-eko cha """" it is raining ' , lit . """" water fall-perf . is """" ( received from john peterson ) . therefore , i believe the altaistic etymology for turkic jagmur """" rain """" analysing it as jag - ' to fall """" + * - mur * """" water """" is supported typologically by the above information . sasha vovin
 "",0
 753,""Subject: re : 5 . 1358 words for snow
  
  just a short remark on german ' loipe ' , which is a loan word from norwegian ' l | ype ' , which comes from old norse ' hleypa ' - to make something run ( cause to run ) . ( cf bokmaalsordboka 1993 ) ruth vatvedt fjeld
 "",0
 754,""Subject: following is a summary of answers to my query about a """" how-to """"
  
  following is a summary of answers to my query about a """" how-to manual for intonational analysis . quite a few people wrote to ask to share any answers ; i hope this will help them . many people recommended the tobi labelling guide - - """" tobi """" stands for """" tone breaks and indices """" . it is an effort to provide a fairly uniform labelling system for naturally occurring speech , and was worked on by some well-known people in the field . ( i do n't know the full list of authors , so i won't cite them . ) some also pointed out ( what they considered ) limitations of the tobi system , but most agreed it was worth looking at . it comes in both an electronic , ftp - able version ( free ) and a paper version with audiocassette ( $ 25 ) . for more information , write to tobi @ ling . ohio-state . edu or tobi labelling guide , c / o mary beckman ohio state university , linguistics dept . 222 oxley hall , 1712 neil ave columbus , oh 43210-1298 , usa . for a slightly different approach , tony woodbury recommended papers in the following : mclemore , cynthia , and mark liberman , eds . 1992 . proceedings of the ircs workshop on prosody in natural speech . ircs report no . 92-37 . it is available from : institute for research in cognitive sciences university of pennsylvania philadelphia , pa 19104 malcolm ross suggested looking into the ( quite different , from what little i ' ve seen ) work of david brazil : """" several publications from the u of birmingham english language research unit """" and the following ( easier to get hold of ) book : brazil , coulthard , and johns . discourse intonation and language teaching . london : longman 1980 . finally , ingolf franke suggested looking at the following article : pakosz , m . 1982 . intonation and attitude . lingua 56 , 153-178 . thanks very much to all who responded . burns cooper
 "",0
 755,""Subject: 
  
  language sciences editor : paul hopper , usa """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" contents - volume 16 , no . 2 j . levinger language war-war language . v . stockmal et al can children identify samples of foreign languages as same or different ? j . myhill & zhiqun xing a comparison of the function of voice in biblical hebrew , chinese and english . d . r . preston content - oriented discourse analysis and folk linguistics . """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" elsevier science ltd freesample @ elsevier . co . uk """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """"
 "",0
 756,""Subject: 
  
  english for specific purposes - an international journal editors : t . dudley - evans , uk ; liz hamp - lyons , usa ; john swales , usa ; ann n . johns , usa """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" contents - volume 13 ( 1994 ) s . thomas reporting verbs in medical journal articles . m . s . martinez spanish - english cognates in the subtechnical vocabulary found in engineering magazine texts . l . bilton stylistic variations in science lectures : teaching vocabulary . i . okoye teaching technical communication in large classes . d . belcher the apprenticeship approach to advanced academic literacy : graduate students and their mentors . a . a . amer the effect of knowledge-map and underlining training on the reading comprehension of scientific texts . p . webber the function of questions in different medical journal genres . m . h . tahirian the methodology factor in teaching esp . """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" elsevier science ltd freesample @ elsevier . co . uk """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """"
 "",0
 757,""Subject: 
  
  journal of neurolinguistics - an international journal for the study of language and the brain . edited by john marshall , uk """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" contents - volume 8 no . 2 e . kehayia & g . jarema morphological priming of inflected verbs froms : a comparative study . n . o'connor et al neuropsychology and linguistic talent . m . gopnik impairments of tense in a familial language disorder . c . code speech automatism production in aphasia . a . basso & m . corno semantic errors in transcoding tasks in a shallow orthography : a retrospective study on 502 italian vascular patients . """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" published by elsevier science ltd - uk freesample @ elsevier . co . uk """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """"
 "",0
 758,""Subject: nsf division director for sber - - announcement
  
  i encourage qualified readers of linguist to give serious consideration to the following announcement soliciting applications for the position of division director for social , behavioral and economic research at the national science foundation , and to pass the announcement on to others who may be interested . this is a genuinely open search . applications and nominations should be addressed as indicated in the announcement , and not sent to linguist or to me . paul chapin , nsf * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * december 1 , 1994 dear colleague : i am seeking your assistance in identifying potential candidates for the position of division director for social , behavioral and economic research . dr . allan kornberg , who has been division director since september 1993 under an intergovernmental personnel act ( ipa ) assignment , will be returning to duke university at the end of his two-year assignment . the successor appointment may be in the senior executive service ( ses ) or as an intergovernmental personnel act ( ipa ) assignment . a position announcement is enclosed . this announcement may also be accessed electronically under vacancy announcements on nsf 's science and technology information system ( stis ) . the division director for social , behavioral and economic research ( sber ) manages one of the largest research divisions in the foundation . the division has a staff of 50 employees and a budget of over $ 80 million . the sber division is responsible for supporting disciplinary and interdisciplinary research and other activities through programs organized into five clusters : anthropological and geographic sciences ; cognitive , psychological , and language sciences ; economic , decision , and management sciences ; social and political sciences ; and science , technology , and society . i look forward to any help you may be able to offer in this search for candidates with outstanding scientific and administrative qualifications . i am especially interested in identifying women , members of minority groups and disabled individuals for consideration . please send nominations , including self-nominations , with curriculum vitae , to my acting executive officer , ms . margaret l . windus , no later than february 1 , 1995 . thank you for your assistance . sincerely yours , cora b . marrett assistant director = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = national science foundation arlington , va 22230 announcement number ep 95 - 3 director , division of social , behavioral and economic research directorate for social , behavioral and economic sciences nsf 's directorate for social , behavioral and economic sciences is seeking qualified candidates for the position of director , division of social , behavioral and economic research . nsf is inviting nominations ( including self-nominations ) of persons who are interested in either a two-to - three year senior executive service ( ses ) appointment or an intergovernmental personnel act ( ipa ) assignment . internal and external applicants are encouraged to apply . a statement of duties of the position and a list of qualification requirements are included on the reverse side of this announcement . the announcement may also be accessed electronically under vacancy announcements on nsf 's science and technology information system ( stis ) . o ses limited term appointment the ses covers managerial positions above grade 15 in the federal service . ses limited term appointees are federal employees and may serve for a period of up to three years . they are eligible for federal benefits ( i . e . , health benefits , life insurance coverage , social security , retirement , thrift savings plan , annual and sick leave ) . o ipa assignment initial assignments under the ipa may be made for a period of up to two years . individuals eligible for an ipa assignment with a federal agency include employees of state and local government agencies or institutions of higher education , indian tribal governments , and other eligible organizations in instances where such assignments would be of mutual benefit to the organizations involved . the individual remains an employee of the home institution and cost sharing arrangements are generally negotiated between nsf and the home institution . please submit nominations ( including self-nominations ) , along with a curriculum vitae to : ms . margaret l . windus acting executive officer , directorate for social , behavioral and economic sciences national science foundation 4201 wilson boulevard , suite 905 arlington , va 22230 phone : 703-306 - 1741 fax : 703-306 - 0495 internet : mwindus @ nsf . gov the closing date for receipt of applications is february 1 , 1995 . statement of duties : manages the nsf division responsible for funding research in the areas of social , behavioral and economic sciences . assesses research needs and trends , presents plans for future development , determines funding requirements , prepares and justifies budget estimates , balances program needs , allocates resources , oversees the evaluation of proposals and recommendations for awards and declinations , supervises staff , and represents nsf to relevant external groups . qualification requirements executive / managerial essential 1 . demonstrated ability to achieve organizational objectives through the supervision and management of subordinates . includes knowledge and ability relating to the recruitment , selection , supervision and development of professional and support staff involved in diverse endeavors . 2 . knowledge of and ability to plan multidisciplinary research programs in the social , behavioral and / or economic sciences ; to present and advocate program plans or recommendations to peer groups or higher level decision-making groups ; and to allocate resources within broad budgetary limitations . 3 . ability to coordinate effectively with representatives of scientific and engineering communities , both nationally and internationally , including industrial and / or academic researchers and the administrators of research and educational institutions . 4 . demonstrated ability , at the decision-making level , to prepare long-range and annual plans , conduct periodic reviews to determine progress and , if necessary , initiate remedial action . desirable 1 . skill in changing and balancing complex and diverse program demands with available resources , in response to major advances or needs in scientific research and technological developments . 2 . demonstrated ability to exercise sound professional judgment in recommending the initiation of research in the social , behavioral and economic sciences . 3 . skill in the management or administration of a large-scale research activity including implementation of resource allocation plans . professional / technical essential 1 . ph . d . or equivalent professional experience or a combination of education and equivalent experience in anthropology , economics , geography , linguistics , political science , psychology , sociology , or other social or behavioral science . 2 . substantial research contributions and strong evidence of scholarship in a social , behavioral , or economic science field , as evidenced in publications , or innovative leadership in research administration . 3 . demonstrated knowledge of relevant academic community and recognized professional standing in the scientific community as evidenced by publications and / or professional awards . desirable 1 . demonstrated broad knowledge of diverse fields of the social , behavioral and economic sciences . 2 . knowledge of grant and contract administration , fiscal management , and budget preparation with experience in scientific research support . nsf is an equal opportunity employer committed to employing a highly qualified staff that reflects the diversity of our nation .
 "",0
 759,""Subject: int ' l directory of scholars
  
  dear linguists , i am writing to inform you about the international directory of south asia scholars , and to invite those of you working on south asian your colleagues in linguistics or in other disciplines can find you . i am attaching below a file which describes this free online global database of scholars , as well as a form for you to submit your own entries ( hopefully by email ) . please do not hesitate to contact me if you have questions or comments about the directory or about the south asia gopher through which it is published online . thank you . david magier columbia university _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the international directory of south asia scholars the international directory of south asia scholars is a free , publicly available online database of south asianists from around the world . this service is being provided by columbia university through the south asia gopher , and is compiled and maintained by dr . david magier . the database contains records of individuals who have identified themselves as being involved in south asian studies . each record , submitted by the person listed , contains the name , title , affiliation , contact information ( generally mail address , phones , fax , and full email address ) , and a short statement of the person 's activities , teaching and / or research interests , specializations , etc . in the area of south asian studies . the entries are free-form text , and one may include any information in any format that seems useful and informative . the database is indexed so that anyone can do a search to locate the record for a particular individual , or one can do a keyword search to find , for example , a list of all the south asianists located in a given country or city , or all the scholars who are working on a given language or subject or region , etc . for example , a keyword search using the terms """" prakrit """" or """" punjabi """" will retrieve a listing of all the scholars whose entries contain these words . it is very easy to have your entry included in this database , so that your colleagues from around the world will know who you are and what you are working on and interested in . experience shows that this type of tool is very helpful in developing new human networks and cooperative research and teaching ventures , getting answers to particular factual queries , and fostering the ' cross-fertilization ' of ideas . we would like to invite you to submit an entry so that our database will be as comprehensive and useful as possible . to submit an entry for yourself ( or for someone else ) , please fill out the form below and return it by email to magier @ columbia . edu or by post to dr . david magier south asia librarian 304 international affairs columbia university 420 west 118th street new york , n . y . 10027 212-854 - 8046 / fax : 212-854 - 2495 your description of your work and research or teaching interests should contain as much information as possible to allow people to identify you and your work , and to ' find ' you through typical keyword searches ( languages , countries or regions , fields and sub-disciplines , ethnic or political groups , etc . ) . please feel free to contact dr . magier if you have questions about the directory or need advice on the best way to construct your entry . _ _ _ _ entry form _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cut here _ _ _ _ name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ title _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ institutional affiliation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mailing address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phones _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ full email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ description of your work ( include your research / teaching interests , and all relevant keywords such as languages , countries , regions , disciplines and sub-disciplines , ethnic , religious or political goupings , historical periods , etc . keep in mind that others will use ' keyword searches ' to find your listing if they do n't know you by name ) . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ return this info by email to magier @ columbia . edu or by post to david magier , south asia librarian 304 international affairs columbia university 420 west 118th street new york , n . y . 10027 usa 212-854 - 8046 fax 212-854 - 2495
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 760,""Subject: point of contact in thailand
  
  dear netters , i 'd like to know the point of contact at chulalongkorn university in thailand . i learned that they have done some research in thai natural language proccessing , particually in word boundary segmentation . any information on this ( such as e-mail address , fax number or surface mail address ) will be appreciated . please reply to me directly at yenk @ asq8 . bah . com ketty yen booz . allen & hamilton inc . linthicum , md usa
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 761,""Subject: text for structure of modern english
  
  a colleague not on the list is looking for textbooks to use in an undergraduate course in structure of modern english . many but not all students are in a program designed to prepare them for teaching english at the secondary school level . there are no prerequisites in linguistics , though intro to linguistics courses are offered in other departments . please send responses directly to harriet luria johnson hljhc @ cunyvm . cuny . edu or hljhc @ cunyvm . bitnet . thanks michael newman , the ohio state university
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 762,""Subject: of as a verb
  
  could the reinterpretation of have as of be by analogy with sort of ? e . g . i sort of said that . i could of said that . etc . . .
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 763,""Subject: comparative method in syntax
  
  fritz newmeyer asks if it is legitimate to apply the comparative method in syntax . my answer is yes , but it is more difficult . the main reason why one sees more work on historical-comparative syntax than fifty years ago is that syntax has become much more prestigious in recent decades . i do n't think that there was a shift from a once """" standard """" view that syntactic reconstruction is impossible . bernhard delbrueck 's historical-comparative syntax of indo - european , published a hundred years ago , clearly showed that comparative syntax is both possible and fruitful , but perhaps too difficult to attract many followers . the view that historical-comparative syntax is impossible was defended in some detail in lightfoot 's ( 1979 ) principles of diachronic syntax , but few researchers seem to have been discouraged by lightfoot 's attitude . it is true that latin syntax could hardly be reconstructed from modern romance languages , but neither could latin morphology , and even the view of latin phonology that we would get from romance is very distorted . our reconstruction of protolanguage grammar is always imperfect , but that is no reason not to attempt reconstruction . the main error on lightfoot 's side is that there is no syntactic analog to the regularity of sound change . it 's just a bit more complicated in syntax - - just like syntax is more complicated overall than phonology . basically , the analog to phonemes and words are words and sentences . true , the difference between words and sentences is that in general sentences are not stored in the lexicon . but neither are many complex words ( rendering morphological reconstruction similarly difficult , but nobody seems ever to have objected to morphological reconstruction ) , and some sentences are actually stored , e . g . proverbs and idioms , which often show syntactic archaisms . and since earlier syntax often survives in """" fossilized """" form in later morphology , we have another rich source of data for diachronic syntax . in addition to regularity of change , we need general principles of change for plausible reconstruction , e . g . phonological principles that predict likely changes like assimilation , lenition , segment loss , etc . in syntax , similar principles of change exist as well : spatial nouns become spatial adpositions , certain general verbs become tense and aspect markers , allative case markers become dative case markers , purposive verb forms become infinitives , etc . all these processes ( instances of grammaticalization ) are irreversible changes and provide safe guides for linguists seeking to make sense of daughter language diversity by reconstructing a proto-syntax . the massive regularities of grammaticalization are generally ignored in generative studies of syntactic change ( indeed , lightfoot argues that there are no genuine principles of diachronic syntax ) , but if one takes them into account , they help in the difficult task of reconstruction . martin haspelmath ( free university of berlin )
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 764,""Subject: re : 5 . 1370 can the comparative method be applied to syntax ?
  
  theoretically , there is no reason why the comparative method could not be applied to syntactic properties . however , there are two practical , very great , impediments : 1 . syntax dealing with word order , what is word order ? and further which word order in which environments ? e . g . : ich verstehe sie . ploetzlich verstehe ich sie . ( subordinating conjunction ) ich sie verstehe . un grand homme . un homme grand . ma chemise propre . ma propre chemise . 2 . how do we measure the difference ? how far is svo from sov ? from vso ? not only we do not know how to describe syntactic properties satisfactorily , but we do not know how to measure their differences , or , it boils down to the same , their similarities . now , you can validly argue that a binary scale ( same , different , and no shades of grey in between ) is good enough . remains that you do not reach valid comparisons on the basis of a single feature , but of many . if languages x and y have n identical features out of n , we are tempted to say that their syntactic similarity is n / n . but that is true if and only if each feature has the same weighting . on top of that , we do not even know what constitutes * one * feature . for instance , we may consider svo as consisting of two to three features : 1 . relative order of subject and verb 2 . relative order of verb and object 3 . relative order of subject and object where necessary to disambiguate . and further , how do we specify free sv order for instance ? via a ternary relation ( precede , follow , free ) , thus order = ( free , s , v ) or a binary relation ( precede , follow ) and a union , thus order = ( precede , s , v ) + ( follow , s , v ) ? too many questions unanswered , i fear even unaddressed . too many questions issuing from them . we cannot , i think , found a proper methodology on such shaky grounds . we 'd better be content with arguing futilely until we are blue in the keyboard . or else set about tackling those questions , a daunting task . j . guy @ trl . oz . au
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 765,""Subject: re : 5 . 1370 can the comparative method be applied to syntax ?
  
  i would add to fritz newmeyer 's caveats about limitations to syntactic reconstruction these fairly obvious two : 1 . for many syntactic dimensions , the choices are so few that chance resemblances are so probable as to obscure the evidence of common ancestry . 2 . there is consideration non-arbitrariness in syntactic systems , so that , again , resemblance arises from other than common ancestry . larry gorbet lgorbet @ mail . unm . edu anthropology & linguistics depts . ( 505 ) 883-7378 university of new mexico albuquerque , nm , u . s . a .
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 766,""Subject: 
  
  speech communication - a publication of the european association for signal processing ( eurasip ) and of the european speech communication association ( esca ) - editor - in - chief : christel sorin , france """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" contents : volume 14 no . 4 ( september 1994 ) r . s waldstein & a . boothroyd speechreading enhancement using a sinusoidal substitute for voice fundamental frequency . s . nakajima automatic synthesis unit generation for english speech synthesis based on multi-layered context oriented clustering . z . s . bond & t . j . moore a note on the acoustic-phonetic characteristics of inadvertently clear speech . y . qian et al pseudo - multi-tap pitch filters in a low bit-rate celp speech coder . e . blaauw the contribution of prosodic boundary markers to the perceptual difference between read and spontaneous speech . """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" published by elsevier science - north holland freesample @ elsevier . co . uk
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 767,""Subject: q : welsh on the internet
  
  i direct this query to those more in the know : there is a producer in bbc wales ( the base for the orchestra i work for ) who is looking to produce a programme discussing the internet and the like with reference to the welsh language / culture . i have been able to find plenty of references to scots and irish traditions , but only one reference to welsh in patagonia . please respond to : jeremy garside - bbc national orchestra of wales garsij @ wales . bbc . co . uk
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 768,""Subject: who studies e-mail linguistically
  
  i am doing a stylistic study of e-mail messages , but i have failed so far to find any relevant publications . i would appreciate any references to such publications as well as information on the existence and access to any corpora of e-mail messages ( commercial or scientific ) . i know that two canadians - belmore and callot - have done something on e-mail , but i do not know how to get their publications from moscow . please respond to me directly and will post a summary . many thanks in advance . alla eskina department of stylistics moscow linguistic university alla @ eskina . msk . ru tel . 7 095 310 1296
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 769,""Subject: arabic studies
  
  dear linguists . one of my fellow students would like to study modern arabic language and culture etc . in an arabic speaking country for half a year maybe one year . but she could n't get any help from her danish university . can anyone help us with names and adresses of universities that take foreign students . thanks in advance . please answer directly to me . sebastian + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + : - ) ( - | ; - } + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + linsad @ stud . hum . aau . dk sebastian adorjan dyhr + + department of linguistics ydunsvej 12 + + aarhus university 8230 aabyhoej + + bygning 327 86 15 02 48 + + nordre ringgade + + 8000 aarhus c + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + : - ) ( - | ; - } + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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 770,""Subject: comparative method
  
  alexis manaster ramer asks about the claim that relatedness and / or subgrouping should be established only based on systematic morphological relationships of the sort likely to be observed in paradigms or declensions . i ' m familiar with this claim only in a much weaker form , that morphological comparisons are more reliable than phonological ones as a basis for establishing linguistic relationships and subgroups . on this basis , for example , robert hetzron in 1976 * proposed a rigorous internal subgrouping for the semitic languages based on affixes in the verb paradigms . hetzron 's proposal that hebrew , arabic , and aramaic constitute a central semitic group is , i believe , correct ; and it is supported by much more evidence than hetzron adduces , much of it morphological and morpho-syntactic ( e . g . , innovation of novel negative markers , etc . ) . i may be reading too much into these claims of morphological priority in establishing subgrouping , but i have always interpreted them as a reaction to the difficulty of distinguishing convergent from shared phonological development on a principled basis . that is , because it can be difficult to determine whether a particular recurrent sound change in a language group represents shared innovation rather than convergent development , it might be pragmatically safer to rely on morphological innovation . thus , in the case of the semitic languages , such changes as * p to / f / or * g to / jh / ( as in junk ) would , if treated as shared innovation , lead to subgroups that are inconsistent with those deduced by other means . on the other hand , """" unusual """" changes like the change of proto - semitic glottalic consonants to pharyngealized consonants are much more likely to represent shared innovation , given the typological rarity of pharyngealized consonants . with regard to fritz newmeyer 's questions about comparative syntactic reconstruction , i do n't know of any systematic published counters to jeffers ' ( and others ' ) claims that it is * in principle * impossible . however , i think that a good case can be made that this is an overly pessimistic assessment . the problem , of course , is the appropriate context : we compare phonemes in words and / or morphemes and morphemes in paradigms , but it 's not clear what the context might be for word orders . presumably discourse context plays a role . i would imagine that if all the languages in a family shared an unusual word order ( vis a vis their dominant types , whatever those might be ) in counterfactuals , we might want to attribute that order to their latest shared ancestor . pragmatically speaking , it 's a lot easier to find information about the morphological context of particular phonemes than it is to find reliable information about the larger context for sentence and construction types . nonetheless , at least inchoately ( and perhaps it is the inchoateness that jeffers objects to ) , * some * notion of syntactic reconstruction is surely behind claims that proto - indo - european was sov or proto - semitic was svo , and the like . * """" two principles of genetic reconstruction """" , lingua 38 : 89-104 . alice faber faber @ haskins . yale . edu
 "",0
 771,""Subject: accuracy of historical reconstruction
  
  in writing in linguist 5 . 1393 on another topic , martinha @ fub46 . zedat . fu-berlin . de ( martin haspelmath ) says : ) it is true that latin syntax could hardly be reconstructed from ) modern romance languages , but neither could latin morphology , and ) even the view of latin phonology that we would get from romance is ) very distorted . our reconstruction of protolanguage grammar is ) always imperfect . . . in looking at historical reconstruction done for s . american languages ( largely phonological ) , i ' ve often wondered about this . just how much could we trust the reconstructions that we did ? one of my rules of thumb for those languages was that if an item was longer than one syllable , it was suspect as being polymorphemic , and if it was longer than two syllables it was almost certainly polymorphemic . the problem is that most attempts at reconstruction ignored this areal phenomenon ( sometimes because the data was simply unavailable ) . from what i know of romance languages , i would say polysyllabic morphemes are more common there . if anything , that should make it easier to reconstruct latin , since you have more to work with . ( of course , the morphology of romance languages is much better known than that of the languages of s . america , which also helps ! ) so if latin would be very imperfectly reconstructed , what hope is there for native american languages ? has anyone ever attempted , as an exercise in the comparative method , reconstruction of latin from the romance languages , then compared the results with the real thing ? or reconstruction of any other attested language from its descendents ?
 "",0
 772,""Subject: re : comparative linguistics
  
  ) from : amr @ ares . cs . wayne . edu ) ) it seems ) to me that a lot of the people [ . . . ] ) also seem to hold another curious position , namely , that you ) cannot show the relatedness of a group of languages by exhibiting ) systematic correspondences of sounds in the vocabularies of said ) languages but only by exhibiting systematically related morphological ) paradigms . [ . . . ] ) ) alexis manaster ramer good lord ! i have been watching this thread with a somewhat jaundiced eye , thinking """" i ' m not going to get into this """" , but this . . . ) from my experience with languages of vanuatu , morphological paradigms are the * least * stable features , followed by phonology , then , most stable , lexical . yes , i remember having been taught that , i mean , about morphology being most reliable , actually , the * only * reliable criterion . i was also taught a lot of other stuff which experience showed me to be false . think of it , why should this reliance on morphology have come about ? 1 . a hangover from the elaboration of the comparative method on indo - european , or , i should rather say , on the discovery of sanskrit . it may so happen that members of that language family have been particularly retentive morphologically . whence generalization to all languages . the fallacy of extrapolating . all irish barmaids are redheads . 2 . it is easy to measure and count lexical similarity . claims based on such measurements are therefore more easily open to scrutiny , and to refutation . ( an aside : there 's been some discussion on whether linguistics is a science , in the meaning of karl popper . well , here 's one domain where it could be ) . on the other hand , how do you measure morphological similarity ? and worse , systematic similarities of morphological paradigms ? this , then , is hardly open to refutation . speaking of the devil , i received a letter yesterday from merritt ruhlen """" i would appreciate it if you could send me a copy of your forthcoming article in anthropos concerning the probability of chance resemblances """" . which i did , commenting , meaning it as a sort of salve - - but perhaps it will be felt as salt : """" in general i take a dim view of comparative linguistics . its various methodologies are mostly ad hoc and without a sound basis , often relying on a complete misunderstanding of the processes at work [ here a few examples ] . and the same claims and methods crop up perennially . """" which is also my thoughts and feelings today . ( * sigh * ) j . guy @ trl . oz . au
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 773,""Subject: req : info on indian corpora . . .
  
  i would like to get in touch with people who are working on corpora-related research for indian languages . i am specifically interested in helping to build a corpus a corpus of thamizh ( tamil ) or malayalam ( or other indian languages ) , with the idea of building systems for automatic recognition of written / spoken text , and to aid in machine translation . thank you . peace , - - kr . pa
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 774,""Subject: qs : laryngeal phonetics
  
  dear colleagues : i have a number of questions regarding laryngeal phonetics . 1 . i understand that english voiced stops are phonetically voiceless unaspirated in initial position . ( data are cited in kingston & diehl 1994 : 432-434 . [ kingston , john , and randy l . diehl , 1994 , phonetic knowledge , _ language _ 70 : 3 . 419-454 . ] ) what is the story about pretonic intervocalic allophones after unstressed , short vowels , e . g . fidelity , legality , mobility ? to my ear they sound the same as in delegate , gallon , billion , but to my english - prejudiced ear they also sound voiced . 2 . what is the story about laryngealization or creaky voice ? i have seen this described as """" a very slow vibration through only one end of the vocal cords """" ( crystal , _ dictionary of linguistics _ ( ? inexact citation ) ) . what are the arytenoid cartilages doing at the posterior end of the vocal folds ? how is it related to the closure for glottal stop and for glottalized consonants ? 3 . what is going on with the articulation of """" stage whispered """" speech ? in whisper , the arytenoids are rotated so as to adduct the posterior ends of the vocal folds at their anterior ends , but the posterior ends of the arytenoids are not themselves adducted by the interarytenoid muscles , leaving a restricted , triangular opening at which sibilant-like turbulence is generated in place of voice . introspecting , stage whisper seems to me to be like whisper only with some turbulence as air passes the closure of the main ( anterior ) portion of the vocal folds . there seems to be somewhat higher subglottal air pressure , like a """" shouted """" whisper , but it does not seem to be merely a question of forcing air past the closed vocal folds . there seem to be some additional differences of articulation to produce the turbulence over the vocal folds , as evidenced at least by increased tension in observable laryngeal and ( to some extent ) pharyngeal muscles . it also seems to me that some degree of pharyngealization is an incidental byproduct . 4 . how is this related to pharyngeal spirants , as exemplified by arabic ? 5 . kingston and diehl ( 1994 : 441 ) say that """" in languages such as english """" ( meaning , i take it , languages without contrastive voiced aspirates ) the phonological distinction [ + / - voice ] is signaled in part by aspiration initially , but not ( if i read them right ) intervocalically . more important , it is said , is the ratio of duration of consonants to duration of vowels , or perhaps the duration of v to vc syllable rimes ( ? ) . can someone say more about this ? these questions bear on characteristics of a language i am working on . in the near term for purposes of defining the issues and refining research strategy , specific information will be more helpful to me than pointers to the literature , because my access to research library resources is not easy ( actually , it 's rather difficult ) , but i will need the pointers too and must of course eventually follow them up . all help will be greatly appreciated . please respond to me and not to the list . if there is interest i will post a summary . bruce nevin bn @ lightstream . com
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 775,""Subject: syllabus for an undergraduate socio-linguistics course
  
  i am putting together a syllabus for an undergraduate socio-linguistics course . i would be grateful to see copies of any syllabi people might be willing to share with me . thank your very much . sincerely , seth a . minkoff mit seth @ mit . edu
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 776,""Subject: sociolinguistics readers
  
  am i right in thinking that no collections of readings in sociolinguistics have been published in the last 10 years ? dick hudson dept of phonetics and linguistics , university college london , gower street , london wc1e 6bt uclyrah @ ucl . ac . uk
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 777,""Subject: re : qs : kinship terms
  
  sebastian adorjan dyhr 's question prompts me to put the following question to the list at large : does there exist in any language a word which means purely """" the other parent of one 's child """" in the strictly biological sense ( i . e . no legal , social , etc overtones ) ? formally , b is a 's x if a and b are the two parents of a child . what is x ? ( there is no lack for the parents ' relation to the child : in english even """" sire """" and """" dam """" are usable for humans - just ! ) . nb : ad - hoc contrivances like """" co-parent """" earn no marks ! ted . ( ted . harding @ nessie . mcc . ac . uk )
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 778,""Subject: sociolinguistics symposium 11
  
  first announcement sociolinguistics symposium 11 centre for language & communication research university of wales , cardiff september 5 - 7 , 1996 the first circular inviting papers will be mailed in early 1995 and will include details about themes and plenary speakers . for further information and to be included in our mailing list , contact sociolinguistics symposium 11 centre for language and communication research university of wales , cardiff p . o . box 94 cardiff cf1 3xb uk telephone : ( + 44 ) 01222 874243 fax : ( + 44 ) 01222 874242 e-mail : ss11 @ cardiff . ac . uk
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 779,""Subject: conference listing , university of queensland , queensland , australia
  
  the national language and literacy institute of australia ltd language and technology centre ( lattice ) centre for language teaching and research ( cltr ) the university of queensland , queensland , australia december conference schedule : linguistics and related topics this conference schedule , listing over 150 conferences world-wide , is now available at the gopher site outlined below . at the command line , type gopher gopher . cltr . uq . oz . au go to the following directories : ftp archive the publically accessible archives nllia conferences if there are problems , please contact peter white peterw @ lingua . cltr . uq . oz . au
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 780,""Subject: iccs-95
  
  xabier arrazola dept . of logic univ . of the basque country iccs-95 @ sf . ehu . es fourth international colloquium on cognitive science iccs-95 ilcli . villa asuncion apdo . 220 . 20080 donostia - san sebastian . spain . tf . : 34 - ( 9 ) 43 - 32 09 40 fax : 34 - ( 9 ) 43 - 29 36 77 e - mail : iccs-95 @ sf . ehu . es fourth international colloquium on cognitive science donostia - san sebastian , may 3 - 6 , 1995 second announcement the colloquium is organized by the dept . of logic and philosophy of science and the institute for logic , cognition , language and information ( ilcli ) of the university of the basque country . it will take place in the faculty of philosophy of the university of the basque country at donostia-san sebastian ( address : campus de ibaeta , avenida de tolosa , s . n . ) . main topics : 1 . social action and cooperation . 2 . cognitive approaches in discourse processing : grammatical and semantical aspects . 3 . models of information in communication systems . 4 . cognitive simulation : scope and limits . invited speakers : the following persons have accepted so far to deliver a lecture : j . barwise ( bloomington ) : local logics and the flow of information h . clark ( stanford ) : on carrying out joint activities . b . chaib draa ( quebec ) : communication between computational agents . j . e . fenstad ( oslo ) : formal semantics , geometry and mind . j . y . halpern ( ibm , san jose ) : reasoning about knowledge . r . m . kempson ( london ) : language understanding as labelled natural deduction g . lakoff ( berkeley ) : the metaphor system for events and causes in english . j . m . larrazabal ( san sebastian ) : doing together : structures for social action f . j . pelletier ( edmonton ) : psychologism , intuitionism and nonmonotonic reasoning . m . e . pollack ( pittsburgh ) : how commitment leads to coordination : the effect of individual agent reasoning strategies on multi - agent interaction . z . w . pylyshyn ( rutgers ) : studies in the architecture of mind : a central theme in cognitive science research . f . recanati ( paris ) : domains of discourse . j . s . rosenschein ( jerusalem ) : the role of representation in interaction : discovering focal points among alternative solutions . v . sanchez de zavala ( san sebastan ) : aims and winds in pragmatic theories . c . l . sidner ( cambridge , ma ) : creating collaborative conversational agents for computer interface . s . silvers ( clemson ) : informational semantics and epistemic arrogance ? r . tuomela ( helsinki ) : collective goals and cooperation . there will be several panel discussions and tutorials on specific subjects . papers : contributed papers ( 25-30 minutes ) are invited from all areas of cognitive science . authors wishing to submit a paper should send four ( 4 ) hardcopies of an extended abstract of 5 - 6 pages written in english to dr . j . ezquerro ( address below ) by january 17th , 1995 . a cover page should be added to the abstract including title , all authors names and affiliations , corresponding authors address , fax number and email address . to facilitate blind review by two or more referees all indications of authorship should appear on this detachable cover page only . papers will be evaluated by the program committee on the basis of originality , clarity , correctness and significance of results . authors of accepted papers are expected to present them at the colloquium . notification of acceptance / rejection : march 11 , 1995 . best paper award : a prize will be awarded to the author ( s ) of the best contributed paper as judged by a committee drawn from the program committee . submissions of complete papers ( 25 pages maximum , 4 hardcopies ) of previously accepted abstracts , with indication of salient keywords , should be sent to the organizing committee by april 6 , 1995 . further information may be obtained by writing to : dr . j . ezquerro iccs - 95 , program committee ilcli villa asuncion . apdo . 220 20080 san sebastian , spain . fax : 34 43 293677 e . mail : iccs-95 @ sf . ehu . es dr . k . korta iccs-95 , organizing committee ilcli villa asuncion . apdo . 220 20080 san sebastian , spain . fax : 34 43 293677 e . mail : iccs-95 @ sf . ehu . es program committee : j . barwise ( bloomington ) , j . ezquerro ( secretary ) , j . e . fenstad ( oslo ) , r . m . kempson ( london ) , e . klein ( edinburgh ) , k . korta ( san sebastian ) , a . lopez ( valencia ) , f . migura ( vitoria ) , f . j . pelletier ( edmonton ) , v . sanchez de zavala ( san sebasian ) , c . lsidner ( cambridge , ma ) , r . tuomela ( helsinki ) , j . tynan ( vitoria ) . organizing committee : x . arrazola ( assistant secretary ) , m . aurnague ( toulouse ) , b . bara ( torino ) , s . garrod ( glasgow ) , l . gonzalez ( madrid ) , k . korta ( secretary ) , j . m . larrazabal ( san sebastian ) , c . martinez ( santiago ) s . rementeria ( zamudio ) .
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 781,""Subject: basic word order
  
  this is a somewhat delayed reaction to frederick newmeyer 's posting on basic word order . i was prepared to let someone else comment on the underlying logic of newmeyer 's message . this did not happen , however , so here comes . newmeyer observes that data from a given language seldom exhibits an unambiguous ' basic word order ' , and there seem to be no generally agreed-upon criteria to resolve this ambiguity . he further notes that this fact reveals a weakness in functionalist linguistics ( or , in more polite terms , ' presents a challenge to it ' ) . he adds , on two occasions , that generative linguistics is increasingly coming to share the same weakness . by ` increasingly ' he must mean the fact that some applications of the principles-and - parameters approach are taking both language-particular and cross-linguistic data into account more seriously than used to be the case . before these developments , generative linguistics decreed that every ( configurational ) language has some sort of basic word order , as specified by the phrase structure ( or x - bar ) component of its grammar . newmeyer seems to suggest that this type of basic word order did not share the weakness that is ' increasingly ' becoming a characteristic of generative linguistics . the difference between earlier generative linguistics and current generative linguistics , and between their respective conceptions of basic word order , resides in the fact that the former did not , whereas the latter does , pay systematic attention to ( cross - ) linguistic data . newmeyer 's formulation then seems to suggest that not paying attention to ( cross - ) linguistic data is a strength of the theory . esa itkonen
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 782,""Subject: tagged corpora : summary
  
  this is a summary of the responses received to my question about accessible on-line tagged databases ( nov . 17 ) . thank you to david palmer , peter christian , martin corley , and cornell juliano . - - janet rowe 1 . several german corpora feare available through a system called cosmas at the institut fur deutsche sprache in mannheim . if anyone knows the address please let me know . 2 . at least two english corpora are available . the british national corpus will be available soon through natcorp @ vax . ox . ac . uk a very small ( but thoroughly tagged ) corpus called susanne is available from ftp . black . ox . ac . uk 3 . the following reference may be very useful : edwards , jane a . and martin d . lampert ( eds . ) . date ? ? ? talking data : transcription and coding in discourse research . london and hillsdale n . j . : erlbaum . 336 pp . chapter 10 , by jane a . edwards , is entitled """" survey of electronic corpora and related resources for language researchers """" .
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 783,""Subject: re : 5 . 1404 comparative method in linguistics
  
  ) leo . karamojong is one of a number of languages which are collectively ) called jie . they are nilotic languages . obviously related languages ) are spoken in sudan , e . g . , dinka , nuer , shilluk , in uganda , e . g . , ) achooli , lango and in kenya / tanzania , e . g . , luo . if you saw a ) word list from each of these languages , e . g . , the numbers from one to ) ten , you would have little difficulty reconstructingthe parent language ) yourself . now when it comes to another branch of nilotic which includes ) maasai and kalenjin i think you could also see the genetic relationship . ) all the nilotic languages were recognised as genetically related long ) before greenberg . but then the bigshots of pre - greenberg , esp the ) german super-star carl meinhof went further . they wanted to connect ) these languages with """" hamitic """" ( you know people related to the egyptians ) with all the implications of the jaded racial arguments about whether ) the egyptians were black or not - - or rather not black , or not not ) . one small correction and one comment on benji wald 's interesting letter on pre - greenber classifications of the nilotic languages . karimojong is actually a member of """" the other branch of nilotic which includes maasai and kalenjin """" . this branch , termed nilo - hamitic by some , and paranilotic by tucker and bryan was divided into two groups by oswin koehler in 1955 as part of a tripartite division of the nilotic language - - western ( dinka , nuer , shilluk , achooli , lango , dholuo ) , eastern ( maasai , karimojong , turkana , etc . ) , southern ( kalenjin , datooga ) . greenberg saw the correctness of koehler 's classification and adopted it . it is accepted by all today . it is also worth noting that there were scholars , such as tucker and bryan , who , although they did not accept the connection with """" hamitic """" , did feel that there was sufficient evidence to connect southern and eastern in a group ( the old nilo - hamitic or paranilotic ) . tucker and bryan believed that these languages were nilotic ( or would ultimately be shown to be nilotic , so the question was really whether the tree was : / | \ or / \ / \ the evidence for the paranilotic subgrouping was syntactic ( vso word order ) , morphological type ( particularly the fairly elaborate verbal derivational morphology of the eastern and southern languages vs . the reduced morphology of the western ones ) , and unusual features such as tonal case ( found in the southern languages and all of the eastern ones except bari ) . none of this has proved sufficient to sustain the paranilotic grouping . chet creider creider @ csd . uwo . ca
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 784,""Subject: re : 5 . 1404 comparative method in linguistics
  
  karl teeter is mistaken , i think , when he says that you cannot classify languages on the basis of phonological correspondences in the lexical items , when he says that you would treat english and french as related ( via the norman borrowings ) if you did this , when he says that the idea of using this method is """" novel """" , when he says that you can only classify lamnguages as related if you have written a comparative grammar , etc . ( a ) for many language families , there is no other basis for classification available , because they lack the kind of morphological complexity so beloved of indo - europeanists , algonkianists , and those other - ists who happen to enjoy its blessings in """" their """" languages , ( b ) the danger of confusing borrowings for cognates is always real , but it is easy to see that the lexical connaections of english with french are more transparent phonologically and less central semantically than those with dutch , hence more recent , hence borrowings . ( c ) there is nothing novel in what i am saying , since it is the method which , for example , edward sapir used to establish that the uto - aztecan languages are really a family ( rather than three families ) . ( d ) you cannot possibly realistically expect normal people to spend time writing comparative grammars of languages which have not previously been shown to be related . so classification must come first ! on the other hand , it is perfectly easy to write a """" crazy """" comparative grammar for any random group of languages , e . g . , french and english . the last is perhaps the most important point : reconstruction of morphological systems can be done well or badly , so can comparison of lexical items . both can yield correct results ; both can also produce garbage . p . s . i say ' lexical items ' deliberately , because there seem to be language families where there is no morphology at all to compare . in most cases , howveer , there are some bound morphemes , and one compares those as well ( as did sapir in the case of uto - aztecan ) . but this is a far cry from reconstructing the kind of intricate morphological patterns found in the older indo - european languages , for example , but absent from many other language families .
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 785,""Subject: comparative method ( shared sound changes )
  
  alice faber 's very sound posting brings up a very important point : indvidual sound changes , especially those which are known to be common in languages of the world , cannot be the basis of subclassification . what you need is either sets of unrelated changes ( english has diphthongized some of the same long high vowels as high german , so that eis and ice , haus and house sound rather similar , but they do not share other changes ) , or a chronology of the sound changes with respect to other changes ( e . g . , the diphthongization in english was presumably preceded by the loss of / x / or / c , / , but there is no such change in high german ) . on the other hand , we find that the northern uto - aztecan languages share the changes of intervocalic / l / - ) / n / , / n / - > velar nasal , and / c / - > / y / . any one of these would mean little , but all three together ( and the fact that the / l / - ) / n / does not feed the / n / - > / ng / change ) make it reasonably certain that these really are shared innovations , and that northern uto - aztecan is a genuine classificatory unit ( a valid node in the uto - aztecan tree , if you will ) - - something that has until recently been generally doubted .
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 786,""Subject: relative pronouns for the family pet , cont 'd
  
  in connection with the recent thread - - initiated , if memory serves , by alexis manaster - ramer - - on the cross-linguistic patterns of + / - animate pronouns referring back to higher non-human mammalia , some new data from today 's new york times ( 12 / 6 / 94 , b1 ) may be of interest . a sheepdog intercepted by suspicious customs officials at new york 's jfk airport was x-rayed and found to be carrying five pounds of cocaine surgically implanted in her abdomen before she took off from bogota . a suspect , john erik roa of paterson , n . j . , has admitted that he knew the dog was concealing the cocaine and has been charged with drug trafficking . ( no doubt he plans to ask for immunity in exchange for testifying against the dog . ) what 's anaphorically relevant about the case is the contrast between the relative pronouns ( emphasis added below ) referring back to """" coke """" ( as she has been nicknamed by kennedy vet port director dr . steven weinstein ) and a fellow canine mentioned in the write-up in the times : . . . fortunately for the dog , which is gray and white and about two feet high , none of the condoms had ruptured , which [ dr . weinstein ] said would have been fatal . . . . mr . roa 's brother , andre , reached at the family home in paterson last night , said that his brother had worked in a pizza parlor until about two months ago , when he moved out of the hous . he said the family had a dog of its own , a german shepherd , which he described as a """" family dog who has nothing to do with drugs """" . larry horn ( lhorn @ yalevm . ycc . yale . edu )
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 787,""Subject: more on """" mazel tov """"
  
  as far as i know , hebrew _ mazal _ ( - ) yiddish _ mazl _ ) comes close to meaning something like ` lot ' or ` fortune ' , and _ tov _ means ` good ' . thus hebrew _ mazal tov _ [ ma ' zal ' tov ] and yiddish _ mazl tov _ [ ' mazltov ] seem to have originally denoted something like """" i wish you good fortune """" or """" this is good fortune """" . as has been mentioned , it is used to express congratulations rather than a wish for the future . as has been mentioned by others , like many other yiddish words , _ mazl _ has found its way into languages that had sustained contacts with yiddish , and they may have been passed on to yet other languages . to the ones mentioned in jeff allen 's summary ( e . g . , dutch _ de mazzel _ , high german _ massel _ [ ' mas @ l ] ~ [ ' maz @ l ] ) i would like to add the high german verb _ vermasseln _ ` to spoil ' , ` to ruin ' ; e . g . , _ sie hat mir meine arbeit vermasselt _ ` she has ruined my work ' , ` she has screwed up my job ' . _ vermasseln _ is so commonly used that many will not think of it as a slang word . traditionally , borrowing from the yiddish language into the high german language is assumed to have occurred by way of underground jargons ( _ gaunersprachen _ , _ rotwelsch _ ) . i am not aware of any challenge to this generalization , but it seems rather sweeping to me . interestingly , yiddish - derived words in the low german language seem to be fewer in number and to be mostly high - german - derived ( due to a lesser degree of contact with yiddish ? ) . reinhard ( ron ) f . hahn university of washington rhahn @ u . washington . edu
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 788,""Subject: sapir-whorf
  
  i ' m not sure if i ' m beating a dead horse , so to speak , but i do n't feel i can let david prager branner 's comment below slip by . ) in that form in which it is often articulated , sapir - whorf is obvious , ) even trivial - anyone who has tried doing idiomatic translation between ) two radically different languages knows that language positively rules ) the way we think . this is too fully self-evident to justify listing ) examples and testimonials . i have done translation between english and spanish , and i do n't know if they count as radically different , but my conclusion from that experience was hardly the same as branner 's . i would say instead that language positively rules how we express ourselves , not how we think . now , i suspect , along with branner , that sapir - whorf is not really a hypothesis , and it is certainly not a coherent one as it is stated since """" think """" can be construed in many different ways . i suspect that my disagreement with branner here is as much a function of how we use that word as substantially about how language shapes or does n't shape congitive processes . michael newman dept . of educational theory & practice the ohio state university mnewman @ magnus . acs . ohio-state . edu
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 789,""Subject: query : """" grasshopper mind """" ?
  
  are you familiar with the english collocation """" grasshopper mind """" ? i first saw it listed as a translation equivalent to _ utsuri-gi _ ' fickleness ; caprice ' in kenkyusha 's new japanese - english dictionary ( 4th ed . 1974 ) , and then found it exemplifying adjectival _ grasshopper _ ' frivolous ' in kenkyusha 's new english - japanese dictionary ( 5th ed . 1980 ) . since grasshopper figuratively means a ' flighty , improvident person ' , """" grasshopper mind """" is a metaphorically apt free combination ( occurring three times in the cobuilddirect on-line corpus ) , but is it a standard collocation requiring lexicographical treatment ? none of the english monolingual dictionaries i checked enters this combination ; the closest is the oxford english dictionary 's ( 2nd ed . 1989 ) """" my mind travelled up . . . and grasshoppered """" usage example . however , roget 's thesaurus ( longman 1982 ) includes """" grasshopper mind """" s . v . _ changeable thing _ and _ inattention _ . do other english language reference works enter """" the grasshopper mind """" ? when was it first recorded ? is it a varietal or dialectal term ? are there analogous """" grasshoppery """" words in other languages ? if you can answer any of these questions , please contact me directly and i will post a summary to linguist . michael carr , otaru university of commerce , otaru 047 japan email carr @ canal . otaru-uc . ac . jp fax 81 + 134-22 - 0467
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 790,""Subject: rea
  
  could somebody out there help me get my hands on a simple dichotic listening tape ( test ) that could be used to test for right ear advantage ( or left ear advantage as the case may be ) of linguistic stimuli ? i ' m not asking for this for free , of course , but i have had problems finding a good one around here ( in the boston area ) . looking forward to hearing from you hoskuldur thrainsson department of linguistics harvard university 77 dunster street cambridge , ma 02138 tel . ( 617 ) 495-4006 , e-mail """" thrainss @ fas . harvard . edu """"
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 791,""Subject: query on sumerian initial ccs
  
  dear fellow subscribers ! in two recent articles claude boisson ( bsl 84 . 1 , 1989 : 201-233 ) and manfred schretter ( acta orientalia hafn . 54 , 1993 : 7-30 ) have argued for the possibility of positing ( tautosyllabic ) initial consonant clusters for the reconstructed level of sumerian , basing themselves mainly on the so-called """" proto - ea """" syllabary glosses of sumerian logographs . does anybody know if there have been earlier / other attempts to reconstruct ccv ( c ) syllables in sumerian or attempts to use """" multiple """" , i . e . """" phonetic transfer """" readings of sumerian logographs for purpos - ses of reconstruction , in the fashion of what sinologists commonly reconstruct in old chinese on the basis of """" jiajie - """" , """" xiesheng - """" """" yidu - """" readings of chinese characters . any pointers & references on this subject would be highly appreciated . best regards , wolfgang wolfgang behr sinologie , johann wolfgang goethe - universit t , frankfurt / main dantestr . 4 - 6 / vi , postfach 111 932 60054 frankfurt / main , frg fax : 069 / 798-2973 ; tel . ( o ) : 069 / 798-2852
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 792,""Subject: books and articles on cd-rom
  
  this text is also available in german ( see below ) dear linguist readers throughout the last years the working conditions of many scientists have been profoundly changed through the introduction of modern data processing technology . almost every workplace is being equipped with a computer which , after hours or even days of patiently getting acquainted with the working procedure of these tools , constitutes an enormous advantage . this advantage especially shows in the ever more efficient saving , processing , and transferring of data . thus , as early as today , most of the manuscripts of books , articles , diplomas , and master 's theses are being processed through word processing programmes and are eventually available as a computer file . besides word processing , both newer , more rapid processors and more efficient programmes also make possible an ever higher integration of images , image sequences and sound recordings into a written text . accordingly , a phonetic transcription of an experiment can contain , in addition to the text , not only a recording of the language but also photographs of the articulating organs , such as mouth and upper jaw . that allows the experiment to be followed much more easily and also to be conducted by other scientists from a different view point . in addition to saving how the research work is done , it is also possible to save the subject of the research on any kind of storage media . in order to archive the amount of data resulting from this particular combination of text , sound and images , the compact disc ( cd ) has come more and more into fashion as the perfect storage medium . today , many publications are already available on cd . besides the possibility of a multi-media presentation of knowledge , the cd has one more advantage : because of the low production costs of a cd and its huge storage capacity , more publications of scientists can be made available than is currently possible in journals and books . at this point , the possibility emerges for young scientists as well as for renowned ones to publish their works that have up to now tended to disappear in some drawer because of either the publishing costs or a """" not-a - chance """" notion . with this as a background , i would like to begin a survey to determine to what extent the linguists of all fields might have interest in the following questions : 1 . ) is multi-media technology commonly accepted ? do linguists prefer traditional print media , or is there any interest in accepting knowledge from the computer screen ? 2 . ) is there any interest in publishing works which contain not only text but also images and sound ? what ideas are there on how to publish these scientific works ? 3 . ) who has experience using cds in the field of linguistics ? this survey is intended to serve as a basis for developing a concept for a new enterprise in the media services sector , which should provide next year 's young linguistically oriented post-graduate students a platform from which to work independently . i would like to thank you in advance for your answers and ideas . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ liebe linguist leser , in den letzten jahren hat sich die arbeitswelt vieler wissenschaftler durch die einfuehrung moderner techniken der datenverarbeitung grundlegend geaendert . fast jeder arbeitsplatz ist mit einem computer ausgestattet , der nach einigen geduldigen stunden und tagen des kennenlernens der wirkungsweise dieser geraete , einen enormen arbeitsvorteil darstellt . dieser vorteil besteht insbesondere in der mehr und mehr komfortableren erfassung , verarbeitung und weitergabe von daten . so werden die meisten niederschriften von buechern , artikeln , diplom - und magisterarbeiten bereits heute durch textverarbeitungsprogramme bearbeitet und liegen letztendlich als eine datei vor . neue und schnellere rechner sowie leistungsfaehigere programme machen neben der bearbeitung von text auch mehr und mehr eine integration von bildern , bildsequenzen und tonaufnahmen in eine niederschrift moeglich . so kann z . b . eine phonetische niederschrift ueber ein lautsprachliches experiment neben den schriftlichen ausfuehrungen auch die sprachaufnahmen enthalten , aber auch bildaufnahmen der artikulierenden organe , wie mund und unterkiefer ; damit ist dieses experiment besser nachvollziehbar und koennte unter anderen gesichtspunkten von dritten wissenschaftlern ebenfalls durchgefuehrt werden . es ist also moeglich , in vielen faellen neben den ausfuehrungen einer untersuchung , auch den untersuchungsgegenstand auf einen datentraeger zu speichern . um diese mengen an daten , die durch die kombination von text , bild und ton entstehen , zu archivieren , bewaehrt sich immer mehr die cd als speichermedium . viele veroeffentlichungen erscheinen schon heute auf cd . neben der moeglichkeit einer multi - media darstellung von wissen , hat die cd aber noch einen weiteren vorteil : aufgrund der niedrigen herstellungskosten einer cd und der riesigen menge an speicherplatz wird es moeglich , publikationen von mehr wissenschaftlern zu veroeffentlichen , als es mit herkoemmlichen journalen und buechern moeglich ist . hier ergibt sich fuer junge wissenschaftler , aber auch fuer renommierte die moeglichkeit , ihre niederschriften an die oeffentlichkeit zu bringen , die bisher , bedingt durch preis und ` chancenlosigkeit ' , eher in der schublade verschwanden . mit diesem hintergrund versehen , wuerde ich gern eine umfrage starten , inwieweit linguisten aller gebiete ein interesse an folgenden themen zeigen : 1 . ) gibt es eine allgemeine akzeptanz der multi - media technik . greifen linguisten lieber auf traditionell gedruckte literatur zurueck , oder besteht auch ein interesse an der wissensaufnahme durch den bildschirm . 2 . ) interessiert sich jemand fuer eine veroeffentlichung eigener arbeiten , die neben text auch bild und ton enthalten . welche vorstellungen gibt es ueber eine solche art und weise der publikation von wissenschaftlichen arbeiten . 3 . ) wer hat schon erfahrungen in der sprachwissenschaftlichen anwendung von cd 's gesammelt ? diese umfrage steht in dienst einer konzeptentwicklung fuer ein neues unternehmen im medien - dienstleistungsbereich , das fuer jungen , sprachwissenschaftlich orientierten studenten nach abschluss des studiums im naechsten jahr die basis fuer eine eigenstaendige arbeiten bilden soll . bereits im voraus bedanke ich mich fuer ihre antworten und anregungen . ingolf franke zeughausstrasse 31 d-54292 trier germany tel . ( 0651 ) 1 35 10 e-mail : fran2801 @ pcmail . uni-trier . de
 "",0
 793,""Subject: aaai fall symoposium on formalizing context
  
  formalizing context aaai-95 fall symposium mit , cambridge , massachusetts november 10-12 , 1995 call for papers description the notion of context has played an important role in ai systems for many years . however , formal logical explication of contexts remains an area of research in which there are significant open issues . this symposium will provide a forum for discussing formalizations of contexts , approaches to resolving open issues , and application areas for context formalisms . the most ambitious goal of formalizing contexts is to make automated reasoning systems which are never permanently stuck with the concepts they use at a given time because they can always transcend the context they are in . such a capability would allow the designer of a reasoning system to include only such phenomena as are required for the system 's immediate purpose , retaining the assurance that if a broader system is required later , """" lifting rules """" can be devised to restate the facts from the narrow context in the broader context with qualifications added as necessary . a formal theory of context in which sentences are always considered as asserted within a context could provide a basis for such transcendence . formal theories of context are also needed to provide a representation of the context associated with a particular circumstance , e . g . the context of a conversation in which terms have particular meanings that they would n't have in the language in general . linguists and philosophers have already studied similar notions of context . an example is the situation theory that has been proposed in philosophy and applied to linguistics . however , these theories usually lie embedded in the analysis of specific linguistic constructions , so locating the exact match with ai concerns is itself a research challenge . this symposium aims to bring together researchers who have studied or applied contexts in ai or related fields . technical papers dealing with formalizations of context , the problem of generality , and use of context in common sense reasoning are especially welcome . however , survey papers which focus on contexts from other points of view , such as philosophy , linguistics , or natural language processing , or which apply contexts in other areas of ai , are also encouraged . submission information persons wishing to make presentations at the workshop should submit papers ( up to 12 pages , 12pt font ) . persons wishing only to attend the workshop should submit a 1 - 2 page research summary including a list of relevant publications . a postscript file or 8 paper copies should be sent to the program chair . limited funding will be available to support student travel . timetable april 14 , 1995 submission deadline . may 19 , 1995 submitters will be informed of decisions august 15 , 1995 final papers due september 20 , 1995 aaai will mail working notes to the participants november 10-12 , 1995 fall symposium program committee sasa buvac ( chair ) . department of computer science , stanford university , stanford ca 94305-2140 . buvac @ sail . stanford . edu richard fikes . knowledge systems laboratory , stanford university , 701 welch road , bldg . c , palo alto , ca 94304 . fikes @ ksl . stanford . edu ramanathan guha . mcc , 3500 , w . balcones center drive , austin , tx 78759 . guha @ mcc . com pat hayes . beckman institute , 405 north mathews av . , urbana , il 61801 . phayes @ cs . uiuc . edu john mccarthy . department of computer science , stanford university , stanford ca 94305-2140 . jmc @ sail . stanford . edu murray shanahan . imperial college , dept of computing , 180 queen 's gate , london sw7 2bz , england . mps @ doc . ic . ac . uk robert stalnaker . 20d-220 , department of linguistics and philosophy , m . i . t . cambridge , ma 02139 . stal @ mit . edu johan van benthem . institute for logic , language and computation , university of amsterdam , plantage muidergracht 24 , 1018 tv amsterdam , the netherlands . johan @ fwi . uva . nl ( postscript and plain text versions of this announcement are available through the symposium www page at http : / / sail . stanford . edu / buvac / 95 - context-symposium and via anonymous ftp from sail . stanford . edu in the directory / buvac / 95 - context-symposium . )
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 794,""Subject: linguist / phonetic request for information
  
  dear linguist , this is a request for information regarding the kinds of pronunciation that are possible for a person who has no tongue , for the purpose of the editing of a novel set in 11th - 12th - century spain . a man has had his tongue removed at the root , so that he may not speak what he has seen . what sounds would he be able to make , after the wound has healed , but before he has practised much ? at the moment he uses a lot of sibilants , which i would imagine to be impossible , except for some kind of sshhing sound . with my limited knowledge , i 'd have thought he 'd have been limited to labials and fricatives - m , p , b , f , v , w . and h ? what about vowels ? the words he presently attempts to articulate are listed below . tongueless approximations forthese would be most gratefully received . take velaz ammar muwardis what happened why more where yes galleenus care jehane eliane i am so sorry do n't think historic pronunciation of the spanish / moorish need to be taken account of . could you please reply to seaboyer @ epas . utoronto . ca many thanks , jude seaboyer
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 795,""Subject: hpsg slash
  
  could someone please clarify and exemplify the function ( and definition ) of the slash ( """" / """" ) in hpsg ( head driven grammar ) . many thnaks . michal ephratt ( rhlh702 @ haifauvm )
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 796,""Subject: query : pseudo - explanations
  
  i am trying to collect examples of pseudo-explanations of linguistic phenomena which invoke supposed beliefs or customs such as the following : ( a ) hopi pluralizes the word for ' cloud ' the way that it usually pluralizes only animate nouns , so whorf claimed that this proves that the hopis believe clouds to be alive , ( b ) malagasy and some other languages tend to use passive rather than active voice forms in imperatives , so it is has often been claimed ( i even did this myself once ) that this is a matter of politeness , because by using a passive you are avoiding actually ordering the addressing around , while still making it clear what you want done . ( c ) one of the languages of the torres straits uses the dual in speaking to a married woman , and this was explained by saying that a married woman was assumed to have a child with her ! ! ! ( d ) there is even the famous case of a russian work which claimed that the adjective * beremennyj * ' pregnant ' had no masculine forms ( like the one i just cited ) because only females can get pregnant and then used this very form , saying that a """" beremennyj muzhchina """" ( = """" pregnant - masc man """" ) is inconceivable ! these are the kinds of things i would like to collect . and it would be especially if there were a case where the explanation was valid and not pseudo , of course , please send the examples to me and i will post a summary .
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 797,""Subject: re : 5 . 1414 native speaker intuitions
  
  on monday , 5 dec 94 , jules levin responded to the following : ) ) tony bex raises some very interesting questions in the posting ) ) about native speaker intuitions . however , there are at least ) ) two other possible explanations for ` could of ' spellings which ) ) plausibly might be offered by naive and not very literate ) ) native speakers of british and american english : ) ) 1 . the ` of ' segment may be a pure homophone which is both ) ) a verb and a preposition without any link other than pronunciation ) ) between them . i think most people would hesitate , for example , ) ) to claim that ) ) a ) he might of said that and ) ) b ) the queen of hearts ) ) use the string pronounced ` of ' in the same way . ) ) 2 . ` of ' in ` could of ' might be some kind of preposition ) ) rather than a verb , along the lines of ` up ' in ` wake up the baby ' ) ) and so on . ) ) ) ) either of the above might be the native speaker 's understanding ) ) of ` of ' - it would be interesting to know if anyone has ever ) ) queried this by asking native speakers of english in some fashion ) ) or other . levin commented : ) i do not believe that ' of ' is or can be considered a verb here , just because ) it replaces the orthoepic ' have ' auxiliary . ) it is an abduction or erroneous hypercorrection of the construct forms ) ' woulda ' , ' coulda ' , etc . ) i have been collecting samples of the latter in """" standard """" prose , i . e . , ) newspapers , magazine articles , for 20 years , intending to write about the ) construct in """" future english """" , since that may be the telos of this form . ) it is steadily rising in acceptibility , having appeared even in a wm buckley ) column ( even if the latter would insist he was being ironic ) . the problem ) is that as these constructs become more and more widespread , ordinary ) letter-writers to the newspaper , trying to upgrade their prose style from ) a * no longer analyzable * coulda , shoulda , etc . , but knowing that the latter ) are somehow not strictly kosher , expand or reanalyze them to a false ' of ' ) construction : """" he should of stood in bed . . . """" ) therefore i submit that ' of ' here is nothing at all structurally , it is like ) the ' b ' in debt . the real linguistic question is the status of the ) constructs vis-a - vis their original compound aux structures . instead of ) engaging in the typical amateurish asking of native speakers what they think ) about it , devise a long sheet of sample sentences with ' have ' constructions ) mixed in with ' of ' constructions , and see if native speakers can ) non-randomly pick them apart . well , yes . but this rather misses my point . who is a native speaker ? many british speakers rarely / never use the ' coulda ' construction . they could hardly , therefore , be building on the kind of expansion suggested above . but surely , they are native speakers . similarly , levin 's proposal would only include those speakers who are literate . tony bex
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 798,""Subject: query : have / of ) a
  
  with regard to the recent discussion on linguist of _ coulda _ , _ glassa _ , etc . , can anyone refer me to literature or give native judgments on the limits to which the reductions of _ have _ and _ of _ to _ a _ ( schwa ) may be subject ? my non-native intuitions are that it is unlikely to happen after a vowel : ( i ) ? the victory-a the team ? he may-a been here and even less likely after schwa iteself : ( ii ) ? * the idea-a going there ? * he oughta-a gone there similarly what about before a vowel : ( iii ) ? the concept-a extraction ? he should-a insisted or before schwa : ( iv ) ? the concept-a anaphora ? he could-a avoided it or before the article : ( v ) ? * the cancept-a a transformation perhaps , one or more of ( i ) - ( v ) that is / are impossible get better with ' intrusive ' r ? frits
 "",0
 799,""Subject: query : different
  
  in one of the novels by ( walter m . ) greeley , i noted _ it 's not much different a life than that of the students _ . in many ways this just confirms the status of _ different _ as a crypto-comparative : cf . * it 's not easy a life , ok it 's not much easier a life than . . . however , what are native speakers ' intuitions about this when _ different _ is biased towards being interpreted as an ' ordinary ' adjective : ( i ) ? it 's entirely different a life from that of the students cf . ( ii ) * ? it 's not entirely novel a notion for me and what about : ( iii ) ? it 's not entirely separate a notion from that of greed or , for those speakers who accept ( iv ) , ( iv ) it 's not much easier of a life than that of the students , what about : ( v ) ? it 's not much different of a life than that of the students i also feel unsure about _ other _ : ( vi ) ? * it 's not ( much ) other a life than . . . ( vii ) ? it 's no other a life than . . . ( viii ) ? it 's not any other a life than . . . let alone ( vi ) - ( viii ) with _ of _ : . . . other of a life . . . frits
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 800,""Subject: 
  
  language 70 / 4 ( december , 1994 ) : articles : nancy c . dorian , ` varieties of variation in a very small place : social homogeneity , prestige norms , and linguistic variation ' eloise jelinek & richard demers , ` predicates and pronominal arguments ' andrew carstairs - mccarthy , ` inflection classes , gender , and the principle of contrast ' review article : marilyn shatz on yamada 's laura : a case for the modularity of language and tomasello 's first verbs : a case study reviews : nancy c . dorian on robins & uhlenbeck , eds . , endangered languages michael a . covington on hale & keyser , eds . , the view from building 20 : essays in linguistics in honor of sylvain bromberger richard p . meier on wilcox , the phonetics of fingerspelling andrew spencer on aronoff , morphology by itself : stems and inflectional classes susan steele on heine , auxiliaries : cognitive forces and grammaticalization julia s . falk on malkiel , etymology mark aronoff on parkes , pause and effect : punctuation in the west carmen silva - corvalan on de granda , el espanol en tres mundos michael aceto on winford , predication in caribbean creoles tariq rahman on o'leary , ed . , sociolinguistic survey of northern pakistan bernard comrie on thomas , linguistic purism
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 801,""Subject: japanese - thanks
  
  lund 941210 to the linglist readers , some weeks ago i published a query about the japanese particle wa from a semantic / pragmatic / functional point of view . i got an overwhelming response , and with a suitable background of the nobel prize day i wish to express my thanks to all of you who responded , namely : saburo aoki , susan burt , satomi currah , osamu fujimura , akiko hagiwara , alan huffman , shoichi iwasaki , mihoko kubota , kenjiro matsuda , kazuto matsumura , steve seegmiller ( thank you in advance ! ) , melanie siegel , suehara @ wellesley . edu ( i am sorry , but the name must have been deleted ) , naohiro takizawa . a summary follows below . with thanks ann lindvall ( ann . lindvall @ ling . lu . se ) aoyama , takashi . 1983 . the free-floating focus system in japanese : form - content analysis of wa and ga . gengo kenkyu : journal of the linguistic society of japan 83 , 41-60 choi , soonja ( ed . ) . 1993 . japanese / korean linguistics . vol . 3 . stanford linguistic association clancy , patricia ( ed . ) . 1993 . japanese / korean linguistics . vol . 2 . stanford linguistic association cook , haruko m . 1989 . semantic values of the japanese nominal particles wa and ga . duisburg : linguistic agency , university of duisburg ( semantic / pragmatic ) currah , s . & g . d . prideaux . 1991 . the pragmatic function of wa in japanese . canadian journal of linguistics 36 ( 4 ) , 325-335 hinds , john . 1983 . topic continuity in japanese . in : t . givon ( ed . ) . topic continuity in discourse . amsterdam : john benjamin , 47-93 hinds , john , senko maynard and shoichi iwasaki ( eds . ) . 1987 . perspectives on topicalization : the case of japanese wa . typological studies in language 14 . amsterdam / philadelphia : john benjamins ( recommended by almost everyone ) jorden , eleanor ( w / mari noda ) . japanese : the spoken language ( vols . 1 , 2 , 3 ) . harvard university press kitagawa , chisato . 1982 . topic constructions in japanese . lingua 57 , 175-214 kuroda , s . - y . """" whether we agree or not : a comparative syntax of english and japanese """" . w . poser ( ed . ) . papers from the second international workshop on japanese syntax . csli , stanford university li , charles n . 1976 . subject and topic . new york makino , seiichi . 1982 . japanese grammar and functional grammar . lingua 57 , 125-173 masunaga , kiyoko . 1988 ( ? ) . """" case deletion and discourse context """" . w . poser ( ed . ) . papers from the second international workshop on japanese syntax . csli , stanford university ( syntactic / functional ) maynard , senko k . 1980 . discourse functions of the japanese theme marker wa . london maynard , senko k . 1990 . an introduction to japanese grammar and communication strategies . tokyo : the japan times ( reference works ) mikami , akira . 1960 . zoo wa hana ga nagai . tokyo : kuroshio shuppan ( in japanese , which unfortunately is out of reach for me but could maybe be interesting for other linglist - readers ) ogihara , toshiyuki . 1986 . """" obligatory focus """" in japanese and type - shifting principles . proceedings of the west coast conference on formal linguistics , vol . 6 . stanford syntax and semantics series : ( issues of ) japanese syntax . academic press takeshita , atsushi . 1992 . recognizing topics through the use of interaction structures . proceedings of coling ' 92 , 1064-1069 tsutsui , michio . 1981 . topic marker ellipsis in japanese . studies in the linguistic sciences 11 ( 1 ) . dept . of linguistics , university of illinois ( urbana ) . 163-179 watanabe , noriko . 1990 . wa and ga : from the perspective of the deictic center in discourse . in : japanese / korean linguistics ( ed . h . hoji ) . stanford linguistics association ( discourse / functional )
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 802,""Subject: tok pisin - thanks
  
  lund 941210 to the linglist readers , some weeks ago i published a query about tok pisin on behalf of my student . the response we got was overwhelming , and we wish to express our thanks to all of you who responded , namely tony bex , august cluver , karl franklin , erland gadelii , debra hardison , michael kac , gerardo lorenzino , hiro masuda , ritsuko onoyama - kikusawa , ingo plag , mark sebba and raymond tang we here publish a summary of all responses , and we will also contact some of you personally . ann lindvall ( ann . lindvall @ ling . lu . se ) aitchison , jean bible society . papua new guinea bickerton , d . 1975 . dynamics of a creole system . cambridge : cambridge university press bickerlon , d . 1981 . roots of language . ann arbor ( ml ) : karoma publishers byrne , f . and t . huebner ( eds . ) . 1991 . development and structures of creole languages : essays in honor of derek bickerton . amsterdam : john benjamins byrne , f . and d . winford . 1993 . focus and grammatical relations in creole languages . amsterdam : benjamins counts , c . d . a . 1982 . ol stori bilong laupu ( the tales of laupu ) . papua new guinea : institute of papua new guinea studies crystal , david . 1987 . the cambridge encyplopedia of language . cup dutton day , r . r . ( ed . ) . 1980 . issues in english creoles . heidelberg : julius groos verlag franklin , k . j . 1992 . traim tasol . vocabulary testing in tok pisin . canberra : department of linguistics , australian national university hall , r . 1943 . melanesian pidgin phrase-book and vocabulary . baltimore : linguistic society of america hancock , i . f . 1971c . """" a survey of the pidgins and creoles of the world . """" in : hymes , d . ( ed . ) . 1971 . pidginization and creolizalion of languages . proceedings of a conference held at the universily of the west indies mona , jamaica , april 1968 . london : cambridge universily press : 509-523 hancock , i . f . 1980 . """" lexical expansion in creole languages . """" in : valdman , a . and a . highfield ( eds . ) . 1980 . theoretical orientations in creole studies . new york : academic press : 63-88 holm , j . 1988 . pidgins and creoles , vol . 1 : theory and structure . cambridge : cambridge university press holm . j . 1989 . pidgins and creoles , vol . 2 : reference survey . cambridge : cambridge university press holm , j . 1992 . """" atlantic meets pacific : lexicon common to the english - based pidgins and creoles . """" in : language sciences 14 , 3 : 185-196 keesing , r . 1988 . melanesian pidgin and the oceanic substrate . stanford : stanford university press languages and linguistics , melanesia . address , see litteral & franklin litteral , r . 1975 . """" a proposal for the use of pidgin in papua new guinea 's education system . """" in : kivung ( special publication , 1 : tok pisin i go we ? ) 1 ( repr . in pride , j . b . ( ed . ) 1979 . sociolinguistic aspects of language learning and teaching . london : oxford university press : 152-163 ) litteral & franklin . sil , po ukarumpa , via lae , papua new guinea mihalic , frank . 1971 . dictionary . brisbane : jacaranda press . with verhaar mufwene , s . 1988 . english pidgins : form and function . world englishes 7 , 255-267 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1979 . growth and structure of the lexicon of new guinea pidgin . ( pacific linguistics c-52 ) . canberra : australian national university m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1981a . """" the development of the category number in tok pisin . """" in : muysken , p . ( ed . ) 1981 . generative studies on creole languages . dordrecht : foris publications : 19-55 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1981b . """" foreigner talk : tok masta in new guinea . """" in : international journal of the sociology of languagc 28 : 93-119 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1982a . """" language and communicative efficiency : the case of tok pisin . """" in : language and communicalion 2 , 2 : 105-121 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1982b . """" etymology and pidgin and creole languages . """" in : transactions of the philological society 99-118 muehlhauesler , peter . 1984 . oxford : blackwell m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1985a . """" variation in tok pisin . """" in : wurm , s . a . and p . m ~ hlh { usler ( eds . ) 1985 . handbook of tok pisin ( ncw guinea pidgin ) . ( pacific linguistic c-70 ) . canberra : australian national university : 233-273 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1985b . """" tok pisin and its relevance to theoretical issues in creolistics and general linguistics . """" in : wurm , s . a . and p . m ~ hlh { usler ( eds . ) 1985 . handbook of tok pisin ( new guinea pidgin ) . ( pacific linguistic c-70 ) . canberra : australian national university : 443-483 m ~ hlh { usler , p 1985c . """" the scientific study of tok pisin : language planning and the tok pisin lexicon . """" in : wurm , s . a . and p . m ~ hlh { usler ( eds . ) 1985 . handbook of tok pisin ( new guinea pidgin ) . ( pacific linguistic c-70 ) . canberra : australian national university : 595-664 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1985d . """" synonymy and communication across lectal boundaries in tok pisin . """" in : hancock , i . f . ( ed . ) 1985 diversity and development in english - related crcoles . ann arbor ( mi ) : karoma publishers : 134-153 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1985e . """" kritische bemerkungen zu w | rterb ~ cher des tok pisin und anderer kreolsprachen . """" in : boretzky , n . , w . enninger and th . stolz ( eds . ) 1985 . akten des l . essener kolloquims ~ ber """" kreolsprachen und sprachkontakte . """" bochum : studienverlag dr . n . brockmeyer : 71-85 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1986 . pidgin and creole linguistics . oxford : basil blackwell m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1991 . """" the changing status of melanesian pidgin english . """" in : ammon , u . and m . hellinger ( eds . ) 1991 . status change of languages . berlin : walter de gruyter : 253-263 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1992a . """" pidgins and translation . """" in : papiere zur linguistik 47 , 2 : 103-114 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1992b . """" what is the use of studying pidgin and creole languages ? """" in : languagc sciences 14 , 3 : 309-317 m ~ hlh { usler , p . , j . a . bennet and d . t . tryon . 1979 . """" english - based pidgins in the southwestern pacific . """" in : wurm , s . a . ( ed . ) 1979 . new guinea and neighbouring areas : a sociolinguistic laboratory . the hague : mouton : 53-80 nidue , j . 1988 . """" a survey of teachers ' attitudes towards the use of tok pisin as a medium of instruction in community schools in papua new guinea . """" in : papua new guinea journal of education 24 : 214-231 noel , j . 1975 . """" legitimacy of pidgin in the development of papua new guinea toward nationhood . """" in : kivung ( special publication , 1 : tok pisin i go we ? ) : 76-84 pacific linguistics series . the australian national university , canberra , australia papua new guinea wantok newspaper pisin in papua new guinea . oxford university press ( review : siegel , jeff . 1994 . language in society . vol . 23 no . 1 reinecke , j . e . , d . decamp , i . f . hancock , s . tsuzaki and r . e . wood . 1975 . a bibliography of pidgin and creole languages . ( oceanic linguistics special publications , 14 ) . honolulu : the university press of hawaii romaine , s . 1988a . pidgin and creole languages . london : longman romaine , s . 1988b . """" some differences between spoken and written tok pisin . """" in : english world-wide 9 : 243-269 romaine , s . 1988c . """" contributions from pidgin and creole studies to a sociolinguistic theory of language sociology of language 71 : 59-66 romaine , s . 1989 . """" english and tok pisin in papua new guinea . """" in : world englishes 8 : 5-23 romaine , s . 1991 . """" the status or tok pisin in papua new guinea : the colonial predicament . """" in : ammon , u . and m . hellinger ( eds . ) 1991 . status change of languages . berlin : walter de gruyter : 229-252 romaine , suzanne . 1992 . language , education , and development : urban and rural tok romaine , s . 1994 . """" language standardization and linguistic fragmentation in tok pisin . """" in : morgan , m . ( ed . ) 1994 . language and social construction in creole situations . los angeles : caas publications : 19-42 ross , m . 1985 . """" current use and expansion of tok pisin : effects of tok pisin on some vernacular languagcs . """" in : wurm , s . a . and p . m ~ hlh { usler ( eds . ) 1985 . handbook of tok pisin ( new guinea pidgin ) . ( pacific linguistic serics c-70 ) . canbcrra : australian national university : 539-556 sankoff , gillian . 1980 . the social life of language . univ . of pennsylvania press sankoff , g . and brown , p . 1976 . the origins of syntax in discourse : a case study of tok pisin relatives . language 52 , 631-666 scorza & franklin . sil , po ukarumpa , via lae , papua new guinea siegel , j . 1981 . """" developments in written tok pisin . """" in : ant linguistics 23 : 20-35 smith , g . p . 1990 """" creolized tok pisin : uniformity and variation . """" in : baldauf , r . b . and a . luke ( eds . ) 1990 . language planning and education in australasia and the south pacific . clevedon ( avon ) : multilingual matters : 179-209 smith , geoff , hongkong steinbauer , f . 1969 . neo - melanesian dictionary . madang , new guinea : kristen pres inc . thomas , dicks . language and literature dept . , university of papua new guinea todd , l . 1985 . """" lexical patterning in cameroon pidgin and tok pisin . """" in : hancock , i . f . ( ed . ) 1985 . diversity and development in english - relaled creoles . ann arbor ( mi ) : karoma publishers : 116-133 verhaar , john . comprehensive grammar on tok pisin . holland . see mihalic woolford , e . 1979 . aspects of tok pisin grammar . canberra , australia : pacific linguistics , australian national university wurm , s . a . 1980 . """" standardisation and instrumentalisation in tok pisin . """" in : valdman , a . and a . highfield ( eds . ) 1980 . theoretical orientations in creole studies . new york : academic press : 237-244 wurm , s . a . 1985 . """" thc role of new guinea pidgin ( tok pisin ) in the changing culture of papua new guinca . """" in : jankowsky , k . r . ( ed . ) 1985 . scientific and humanistic dimensions of language : festschrift for robert lado on the occasion of his 70th birthday on may 31 , 1985 . amsterdam : john benjamins : 605-614 wurm , s . a . and p . m ~ hlh { usler ( eds . ) 1985 . handbook of tok pisin ( new guinea pidgin ) . ( pacific linguistic series c-70 ) . canberra : australian national university z ' graggen , john . anthropos institute , the australian national university , canberra , australia
 "",0
 803,""Subject: linguistic datasources
  
  at the request of subscribers , we ' ve been collecting the addresses of linguistic datasources which can be reached through world wide web . these addresses are now available to any of you who have web access on the linguist web server at the following url : http : / / engserve . tamu . edu / files / linguistics / linguist / datasources . html this file is also available , to those of you who read web - linguist , through the """" linguistic datasources """" link . we 'd be delighted to hear any comments anyone would care to make . and if there ' re any addresses we need to add , please let us know what they are . we 'd like to emphasize that we 'd be happy to include sites where individual linguists keep data they would like to make available to their colleagues . since the web allows us to share not merely text , but pictures and sound-recordings , we can now begin an interchange of linguistic information that is of a very different nature from that which was possible in the past . anthony & helen
 "",0
 804,""Subject: 
  
  proceedings from the workshop on compound nouns copies of the proceedings from the workshop on """" compound nouns : multilingual aspects of nominal composition """" ( geneva , december 2nd and 3rd , 1994 ) are now available . to order , send a msg to < estival @ divsun . unige . ch > or < pb @ divsun . unige . ch > and send 25 sf per copy by check , money order or bank transfer made to the following account : ubs , no . 472 . 319 . 00d ` ` issco , noms composes : 144 . 541 ' ' . the table of contents can be retrieved by anonymous ftp : ftp issco _ ftp . unige . ch ( or 129 . 194 . 177 . 14 ) cd issco get nc _ contents = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = dominique estival issco , universite de geneve 54 rte des acacias ch-1227 geneve tel : + 41-22 - 705-7116 fax : + 41-22 - 300-1086 < estival @ divsun . unige . ch >
 "",0
 805,""Subject: 
  
  language & literature 3 / 3 ( 1994 ) : articles : ineke bockting , ' mind style as an interdisciplinary approach to characterisation in faulkner ' valerie lowe , ' unsafe convictions ' : ' unhappy confessions in * the crucible * irma taavitsainen , ' subjectivity as a text - type marker in historical stylistics ' reviews : tom barney on couper - kuhlen , english speech rhythm mike reynolds on simpson , language , ideology and point of view john honey on phillipson , linguistic imperialism miguel marinez - cabeza on zwaan , aspects of literary comprehension michael toolan on fludernik , the fictions of language and the languages of fiction
 "",0
 806,""Subject: re : 5 . 1433 comparative method
  
  i re-read newmeyer 's original posting ( date 30 nov 94 ) and noticed that it has an implicit attack on the notion of """" basic word order """" for comparative purposes . this flows from his earlier question on how basic word order is variously defined by various analysts , implying that it lacks precision . to the extent that i have understood the responses so far , no one has responded to this particular point , so here goes - - basically in agreement with newmeyer , but with some criticism of the assumed larger implications for comparative reconstruction of syntax . i ' ll stick to what i know about linguistic events in europe since i expect the events to be more familiar to most readers than events in other language families , so that my examples may speak to readers ' previous ideas about particular linguistic events referred to below , and , under the best circumstances , provoke further discussion . to anticipate , the notion of basic word order is too simple-minded ( simplistic ? ) for diachronic purposes . fn : """" could anything resembling latin syntax be reconstructed through comparison of the syntax of the modern romance languages ? """" bw : should it ? the immediate ancestor of the romance languages is not latin but proto - romance . svo ? what about the exceptions , e . g . , french j ' ai rien fait etc . are n't they hints to certain historical complications . also aux inversion in standard french , e . g . , sont-ils venus ? standard french aux inversion is probably of germanic origin , not found elsewhere in romance . as for reconstruction of case ( cf . latin / english ) , with possible implications for earlier word order possibilities , case inflections remain on ( third person ) object clitics in all romance languages . when we consider deviations from svo word order in romance languages , we may suspect that the notion of """" basic """" word order is a villain to the extent that it invites the analyst to disregard less frequent or syntactically restricted word orders . this is not safe in internal reconstruction of syntax , while the most revealing procedure may be to do internal reconstruction of syntax within a language before using the comparative method to reconstruct within groups of languages genetically related by other criteria . in fact , the last point above is what is usually done , and is probably the only proper way to proceed , given the intent of the comparative method . always reconstruct a basic vocabulary first , on the basis of sound correspondences - - to justify genetic relationship among the languages . then consider syntactic comparison . problems with this necessary procedure will emerge in following discussion , but it remains necessary unless you want to reconstruct the syntactic evolution of a geographical area rather than of a genetic family . the latter may be a useful complement to assumed genetic reconstruction , but i think it is too digressive an idea for me to pursue below . now , what about preverbal object clitics in romance ? another hint of complications to the svo concept of romance . preverbal object clitic means ov - - but i suppose """" basic """" means when o has a noun not a pronoun as the head . and what aout the fixing of multiple object clitic order in romance ? e . g . , case order versus person ( inherent topicality ) order . that can't be reconstructed for latin because the clitics did not arise as distinct entities until proto - romance at the earliest . can a single or preferred clitic order be reconstructed for proto - romance , e . g . , dat-acc ( invariant in spanish and , i think , rumanian , but acc-dat seems to be older in french , now remaining only for third persons , i . e . , no inherent topicality difference therefore earlier case ordering remains - - french acc-dat may reflect germanic influence as well ? ) ? or did fixed clitic orders originally arise independently in various areas of romance ? in any case , how can we avoid the comparative method in addressing the problem of the origin of object clitic order in romance ? in sum , i think that the origin / s and evolution of fixed multiple object clitic orders in romance is a legitimate issue , and that it cannot be solved without recourse to the comparative method ( among others , of course ) . therefore , the comparative method cannot be dismissed in syntactic reconstruction . fn : """" should we therefore reconstruct proto - germanic ( almost surely incorrectly ) as svo ? """" bw : newmeyer 's reference to proto - germanic reveals even more than romance that """" basic """" word order is a villainous concept for reconstruction in this case , as if """" basic """" word orders can be compared across related languages to reconstruct """" proto-basic """" word orders , such that """" minor """" word orders can be ignored or reconstructed as """" proto-minor """" word orders . one principle which emerges from our knowledge of the historical record is that word order change does n't work that way , i . e . , word orders cannot be compartmentalized as """" basic """" and """" minor """" for diachronic purposes . principle : if we want to develop tools and principles for syntactic reconstruction , we will really have to consider the functions served by the various word orders at different times , and detect changes in their functions diachronically . in other words , word order change in a language must be studied in the context of the totality of functions of all its word orders at any given time . the difference between such a study and the study of change in """" basic """" word order , if the latter means anything at all , is analogous to the study of phonetic change and phonemic change . if analysts argue about the notion of """" basic """" word order , this is analogous to arguing about different concepts of the phoneme , and not about agreed upon linguistic facts . the fallacy of reconstructing """" basic """" word order for proto - germanic on the basis of the """" basic """" word order in current germanic becomes obvious according to the above principle because of the sov word order in subordinate clauses in continental germanic . and even this is not as invariant a property of the oldest texts as it is of the later standardised languages , e . g . , before middle german and dutch . english also clues us in to inversion by its many remnants , even without historical texts which reveal more similarities to continental germanic , e . g . , v - first following a subordinate clause or adverb , still common in the av bible . including english but excluding gothic which mirrors to the extent possible the new testament greek syntax from which it was translated , the earliest texts in germanic show , as far as i know , a tendency relatively favorable to verb-final in subordinate clauses , but much variation , later eliminated in the continental standards . this leads to arguments about whether or not the sov tendency was the break-up of an earlier more general indo - european sov tendency ( or earlier fixation ? ) which died in english and scandinavian ( including the still highly inflected icelandic - - creating problems even for simplistic functional arguments for the evolution of svo in germanic , so that the argument would have to be : it started as a reaction to the increasing unreliability of case distinction but spread for social reasons to languages that did n't need it . such an argument does not strike me as at all unreasonable ! ) . [ although i excluded gothic above , because of its malleable accommodation to greek syntax , its deviations from nt greek are quite revealing . most salient is the absence of a definite article , despite its occurrence in nt greek as well as in all other germanic languages . if gothic translation was totally serious about imitating nt greek syntax in all cases it could have adopted an unstressed demonstrative to imitate the greek article , as later germanic did ( in a sense ) . the most important question about gothic syntax is : is the malleability of its syntax innovative from proto - germanic ? - - if so , we will probably never know in what ways the gothic translations of nt greek stretched the limits of that malleability , and distorted the colloquial functions of word order in spoken gothic or more generally in the germanic of the third century . if sov was invariant in some ancestor , then why did it deteriorate in germanic ? at least as puzzling , how / why / when did germanic get aux inversion , even in yes / no questions . all indo - european languages show wh fronting for wh questions , so is there any reason to believe the proto - language did not . would i be buying what newmeyer is questioning with the preceding argument , cf . fn : """" i have the impression that with increasing frequency , one comes across statements such as the following in the literature : """" most of the attested languages in language family x have some syntactic property . therefore we can assume that proto - x had this property . """" """" bw : [ why with """" increasing frequency """" ? is the implication that copy-cat historical linguists are becoming less responsible than they used to be ( cf . the discussion of the spread of rumors about the number of eskimo words for snow ) , or that syntax is driving historical linguistics to pot ? ] to be safe , i guess ancillary arguments come in , like : considering how areally widespread the ie languages are , is it likely that the unanimity of wh first questions across ie is not reflective of the proto-language ? ok , so maybe wh fronting is proto - ie ( got a better explanation for the facts ? or reason to ignore them ? ) , but why aux inversion in germanic questions . and does the application of inversion to yes / no questions mean that there was a question marker in initial position ( wh question position ) with yes / no questions , as in """" what / hullo , are you kidding me ? """" ( such a marker """" ibai """" is found in gothic whenever the new testament greek original has """" me : """" ) . do n't get me wrong . i ' m not suggesting that an initial yes / no question-marker was a necessary condition for the inversion innovation in germanic . i ' m only observing that there was the option of such a marker , and anticipating ( if indeed it has not already been suggested ) that some analysts who are overly formal in their approaches to syntax might suppose the necessity of such a marker to motivate a mechanical generalisation of inversion from wh to yes / no questions . again , because such in - version occurs in all germanic should we not reconstruct it for proto - germanic . . qualification on all : it 's variable in gothic where it 's variable in nt greek : pronoun subjects usually do not invert with the verb , noun subjects usually do . ] a practical point is that , as far as i know , there is an issue about the differentiation of germanic into anything like the modern descendents before the 4 - 5th century . thus , if aux inversion goes back that far , does it matter if it spread from one germanic area to another or if it was part of proto - ( west ? ) germanic ? all innovations must spread before we recognise them as innovations in the language ( or dialect ) . historical linguistics does not study the evolution of the idiolect ( if such a concept as """" evolution of the idiolect """" is even coherent ) . finally , about typological arguments . when morphology-as - fossilized syntax and universal-typology of word order congealed in the early 1970s , some suggested that even before ie was sov it was vso . why ? because subject marking inflection follows the verb : v - s , get it ? inevitably , then , some suggested that celtic maintains the most archaic """" basic """" word order among the ie languages . this is another excess in diachronic application of ( whatever ) the notion of basic word order . the principal objection raised was that it is not obvious ( and even unlikely ) that only basic word orders morphologise . ( in fact , they may be least likely to morphologise . ) considering that s represents an unstressed anaphor in v - s , s might be in a minor word order position . [ and note that if basic word order means when the arguments are nominal , not pronominal , then discourse frequency is not criterial of basic , since at least most subject arguments are pronominal , if not merely inflectional . furthermore , if """" basic """" only counts the relative frequency of subject nominals , it is based on something which is quite rare in discourse : subject nominals ] . in any case , subject inflection following the verb stem is a widespread eurasian areal feature , extending into africa in semitic and various other branches of afro - asiatic . to some this might be taken as a clue to the correctness of nostratic and other super-family notions , to others an indication of an extremely old innovation having spread ( over millenia ? ) across families regardless of genetic relationship ( cf . the famous balkan area ) . still others might opt for coincidence . various other languages also have this feature , e . g . , kanuri in west africa and various new world languages . ( welcome to nostratic ? ) questions about the functions of position after the verb in so-called sov languages are raised by v - s inflectional order . the typological implications of this go beyond my current knowledge , although i dimly remember that various eurasian sov languages are different according to whether or what function post-verb - al position has in such languages . this is obvious , for example , in the contrast between eurasian sov languages ( with differences amongst themselves ) and the so-called sovx west african languages , where x is an adpositional phrase ( with complications about the origin of adpositional phrases in such languages which i will refrain from discussing here ) . since so many eurasian sov languages are also v - s inflectional languages , i do not know if there are sov languages which have a """" minor """" postverbal position for an anaphoric subject ( such that it turns up in other positions in certain constructions , so that we can demonstrate that it is not an inflection ) . maybe typology of relevant amerind languages will help solve this problem . but maybe we may also anticipate the reappearance of the party-spoiling question about the representativeness of curent language types to possible ( and former ) language types . no doubt an unwelcome ( and unhelpful ? ) thought to many . in this context it seems worth mentioning that mathematical probability arguments for various word orders , as i have seen them practiced , are not impressive , because of faults in their initial assumptions . for example , as far as i know , they invariably assume the validity of counting number of languages , regardless of the genetic relationship or areal contiguity of the languages counted . this seems unsound to me , particularly ignoring areal contiguity . for example , we find ( i think ) that the eurasian area , consisting of umpteen and umpred languages , has s . . . o word order ( ignoring the position of the verb as an independent variable ) . then in the new world we find large areas of contiguous s . . . o order , and separate areas of o . . . s order . maybe we should be calculating mathematical probability on the basis of contiguous area rather than number of languages . the surprising result might be that o . . . s is more probable than s . . . o ( where area is an independent variable , not individual language , of course . ) i ' m not sure what the implications of this might be , but one might be that o . . . s might have once been a more likely ordering strategy than it is now , and that the predominance of s . . . o across languages counted individually is largely the result of areal spread . [ if the spread of s . . . o is old enough , its predominance might even be the result of an absolute increase in the number of """" languages """" in the world all together . however , this is n't really relevant to my criticim of the way probability arguments have been applied to syntactic typology , only to the historical implications of adequate assumptions about language typology . in fact , i ' ll leave this discussion with the already widely accepted suggestion that strategies for information distribution in the clause , esp . in terms of old / new , are more relevant to typology than such problematic notions for cross-linguistic comparison as subject and object . similarly , for example , i think that in eurasia , agent . . . patient / theme order largely cuts across ergative and accusative languages , even though ergative languages would have patient / theme , or whatever term you want , as subject . to this extent , s . . . o cannot be universal even in eurasia , without confusing """" accusative """" definitions of subject and object , where subject status is consistent with case-marking , and """" ergative """" definitions , where case-marking is more closely tied to transitivity role than to the mushy cross-linguistic concept of subject . ] fn : """" and furthermore , syntactic change can be fairly catyclysmic , restructuring grammars wholesale in one generation - - unlikely or impossible with phonological systems . """" bw : i think the thrust of fn 's suggestion here is largely right , though probably vastly overstated ( on the basis of older ideas about creoles ? ) . however , questions remain in my mind about conditions under which these things happen . within monolingual areas ( or among closely related , mutually intelligible languages , ( certain types of ? ) syntactic strategies seem to have the potential to spead quite quickly , perhaps almost as quickly as new words and expressions , while comparable speed is not generally observed for phonological change ( and is probably """" unlikely or impossible """" , as newmeyer puts it , for both internal linguistic and social reasons - - in fact , i think """" unlikely """" is more accurate than """" impossible """" depending on the nature of the particular type of phonological change , and i have an example of possible single-generation phonological change in the current english of the african americans in new york city area , but i do not have sufficient data to make this possibility or its implications worth discussing here - - until i get to the section in labov 's new book where he discusses recent innovations in the chicago vowel system i will not be sure if he has other examples ) . however , to the extent that language-contact propels """" cataclysmic """" syntactic change ( in the historical record ) fn 's suggestion is not so clear . for example , english in east la ( a mexican american community ) is more immediately strikingingly different from adjacent english dialects on the phonological than on the syntactic level . and that applies to monolingual speakers of east la english as well as spanish - english bilinguals , and to various phonological segments as well as intonational contours ] . in understanding historical syntactic evolution , it is most often difficult to distinguish internal evolution from language contact ( hence the sour regard for substratal theories during the late 19th - to-mid 20th c celebration of neogrammarian achievements ) - - and then there is also jakobson 's caution that language contact might not permit evoluton that is not internally possible anyway , rather that it can only promote one possible direction of change as opposed to other possible directions which might flourish under other external circumstances . this too i consider problematic as a blanket statement , but a major consideration to keep in mind as a possible constraint on change in most reconstructive expeditions into the unknown past . enough . these are my thoughts about the problems of using the comparative method alone to reconstruct syntax . but nobody would suggest something so foolish as not enlisting all possible tools of reconstruction , including internal and typological in addition to comparative . conversely , it would be equally foolish to shun the comparative method as a reconstructive tool . in any case , the notion of basic word order is not helpful to syntactic reconstruction , if not of doubtful value as an autonomous observation about the synchronic state of any language as well . i mean it 's ok to observe that english and french are both synchronically svo ( spoken french even more than english - - not least because of the former 's preferred question formation strategies ) , but without further discussion that does not mean that their syntaxes are """" basically """" the same , in any insightful or interesting ( to coin an adjective ) sense . i would like readers to react to any of the points i have made above , not least of all the accuracy of the facts i have suggested for various languages , since i am not an expert in the areas of most of the facts i have presented , e . g . , current typological theory , indo - european linguistics , eurasian and new world areal syntactic characteristics . benji
 "",0
 807,""Subject: sum : trends and developments in linguistics
  
  here is a summary of the reactions to my recent posting on """" the crucial issues and domains of investigation in contemporary linguistic research """" and """" the most important trends and developments that will determine the research agenda of linguistics in the ( near ) future """" . i received four replies in all , viz . from suzanne e kemmer , mark liberman , paul woods and sabine geldof , all of whom i would hereby like to thank . mark liberman 's reply was long , detailed and insightful but also based on an internal report and therefore perhaps not fit for public dissemination . those who want to know the details of what he had to say may want to contact him personally at myl @ sansom . ling . upenn . edu . two general themes emerged from these responses : 1 . as far as theory-building is concerned , the main areas of interest and development for the future are believed to lie in the field of cognitive linguistics , i . e . the relation of linguistic structure to cognition as envisaged by r langacker , g lakoff , and others . 2 . in terms of methodology , a stronger emphasis on corpus based research , made possible by the ongoing micro-electronic revolution . the increasing application of computers in linguistic research is expected to bring about some major theoretical revolutions / paradigm shifts ( cf . pdp , connectionism ) . or . . . what computers reveal about the mind . alex housen
 "",0
 808,""Subject: call workshop optionality
  
  - call for papers - call for papers - call for papers - the research institute for language and speech ( ots ) , utrecht university , organizes a . . . . . workshop on optionality to be held on september 1 - 2 , 1995 . keynote speakers : jane grimshaw ( rutgers ) tony kroch ( penn ) tanya reinhart ( tel aviv / utrecht ) edwin williams ( princeton ) in the history of generative linguistics , there has been a shift from construction-specific rules to general principles . in the minimalist framework of chomsky ( 1993 ) , movement is argued to be a last resort operation : it may only take place if it is triggered , that is , if movement is required to escape ungrammaticality . this concept , which gradually took shape in the late eighties ( cf . travis 1986 ) , is referred to as """" economy """" . now , although economy is conceptually attractive , it faces serious problems when confronted with optional movements : by hypothesis , a movement is blocked if it does not have to take place . optionality is widely attested in natural language . one might even claim that there are situations in which it is typical that two or more variants of a construction coexist . in this workshop we would like to explore in what ways the problem of optionality can be approached . one would like to have a theory that predicts which types of optionality may be expected in natural language . we would therefore like to invite papers that deal with the theoretical problem of optionality . papers may focus on optionality in the steady state or on optionality in situations of language acquisition and language change . in addition to 4 ( invited ) keynote talks , we have 12 slots for 35 min . papers . please send 5 copies of an anonymous two-page abstract , one camera-ready version and a 3x5 """" card with name ( s ) of author ( s ) , title of paper , affiliation , phone number and e-mail address to : workshop on optionality , research institute for language and speech ( ots ) , utrecht university , trans 10 , 3512 jk utrecht , netherlands . we hope to be able to ( partially ) reimburse speakers . the deadline for submissions is may 1 , 1995 . submissions by e-mail or fax will not be accepted . for further information contact neeleman @ let . ruu . nl or weerman @ let . ruu . nl .
 "",0
 809,""Subject: call for papers : lagb
  
  linguistics association of great britain spring meeting 10-12 april 1995 the linguistics association of great britain spring conference will be held from monday april 10 to wednesday april 12 at the university of newcastle upon tyne . the guest speaker is ellen prince , who will give the lagb 1995 lecture on ' the notion """" construction """" and the relation between discourse and syntax ' . the workshop will be on ' grammar and discourse ' , organised by noel burton - roberts . there will be a language tutorial on basque ( two sessions ) , given by larry trask . call for papers offers of papers on all areas of linguistics are invited . send 7 anonymous copies of a one-page abstract , plus one copy with your name and institution at the top and your name and correspondence address on the back . the abstracts should be camera-ready so that those accepted can be included unaltered in the conference booklet . send abstracts ( hard copy ) to arrive by monday january 9 to : greville g . corbett , president lagb , linguistic and international studies , university of surrey , guildford , surrey gu2 5xh enquiries about the meeting : billy clark , meetings secretary lagb : billy1 @ vaxa . middlesex . ac . uk enquiries about local arrangements : karen corrigan : k . p . corrigan @ newcastle . ac . uk enquiries about the lagb : nigel fabb , secretary lagb : n . a . j . fabb @ strath . ac . uk greville g . corbett department of linguistic and international studies university of surrey guildford surrey , gu2 5xh great britain email : g . corbett @ surrey . ac . uk fax : + 44 1483 302605 phone : + 44 1483 300800 ext 2849
 "",0
 810,""Subject: cfp : spatial expressions
  
  ( < first call for papers ) > < < first call for papers > > < < first call for papers > > ijcai-95 workshop on the representation and processing of spatial expressions fourteenth international joint conference on artificial intelligence ( ijcai-95 ) montreal , canada 1 day during 19th - 21st august 1995 organising committee klaus - peter gapp ( saarbruecken , germany ) jugal kalita ( colorado , usa ) paul mc kevitt ( sheffield , uk ) amitabha mukerjee ( iit , kanpur , india ) patrick olivier ( aberystwyth , uk ) junichi tsujii ( umist , manchester , uk ) laure vieu ( irit , toulouse , france ) wolfgang wahlster ( dfki , saarbruecken , germany ) yorick wilks ( sheffield , uk ) workshop issues : there are been many different approaches to the representation and processing of spatial expressions including geometric schemas , semantic nets , fuzzy sets and predicate logic . yet most existing computational characterisations have so far been restricted to particularly narrow problem domains , that is , specific spatial contexts determined by overall system goals . to date , artificial intelligence research in this field has rarely taken advantage of studies of language and spatial cognition carried out by the cognitive science community . one of the intentions of this workshop is to bring together researchers from both disciplines in the belief that artificial intelligence has much to gain from an appreciation of cognitive theories . in addition to presenting original research participants will be asked where possible to address the following questions : o how does your work draw upon , differ from , refine or extend existing linguistic , cognitive and artificial intelligence approaches ? what are the limitations and assumptions of your approach ? o how should knowledge about space be represented ? what is your underlying knowledge representation and reasoning formalism and what issues have motivated your choice ? o how important is the issue of cognitive plausibility ? o how should the lexicon be organised with respect to spatial prepositions and spatially relevant words ? how can multiple meanings for such words be accommodated ? o the meaning of spatial expressions cannot be addressed in isolation . indeed spatial expressions are used in many different physical contexts and environments . how should the meanings of individual spatially relevant words be composed during processing to obtain meanings of complex spatial expressions ? o object knowledge is generally thought to play an important role in the interpretation of spatial words especially spatial prepositions . how can this be realised and are there any other factors which affect the interpretation of spatially relevant words ? o how language dependent is your approach ? o what are the open questions ? submission requirements : electronic submission is strongly encouraged ( preferably self-contained latex ) . papers must be printed to 8 1 / 2 """" x 11 """" size . they must be a maximum of 15 pages , each page having no more than 43 lines , lines being at most 140mm long and with 12 point type . title , abstract , figures and references must be included within this length limit . four copies should be mailed to the address below . double sided printing is encouraged . patrick olivier e - mail : plo @ aber . ac . uk centre for intelligent systems tel : + 44 970622447 university of wales fax : + 44 970622455 aberystwyth dyfed , sy23 3db , uk deadlines : submission deadline : 13th march 1995 notification of acceptance : 13th april 1995 camera ready copy due : 27th april 1995 publication : accepted papers will be published in the workshop notes / preprints by ijcai . if there is sufficient interest it is intended that a book will be published based on the workshop notes .
 "",0
 811,""Subject: usage - based models - symposium
  
  announcing the sixth biennial symposium of the rice university department of linguistics usage-based models of language rice university march 15-18 , 1995 invited speakers : mira ariel tel aviv university joan bybee university of new mexico john du bois university of california , santa barbara michael israel university of california , san diego sydney lamb rice university ronald langacker university of california , san diego tom givon university of oregon brian macwhinney carnegie - mellon university janet pierrehumbert northwestern university john sinclair university of birmingham ( u . k . ) arie verhagen university of utrecht description : the goal of this symposium is to explore approaches to linguistic theory that have in common the aim of accounting for linguistic usage . the empirical data for such theories is not restricted to linguistic intuitions about acceptibility , but comes from usage events of varied types . the focus is on the patterns found in the various sorts of usage data examined , and how those patterns can be extracted , represented , and used by the human mind . research from a variety of traditions will be represented , including corpus-based analyses , discourse studies , experimental studies of language processing and language acquisition , and instrumental phonetics . the approaches taken can be called data-driven , rather than model-driven , in that the fewest possible prior assumptions are made about what types of data are relevant , and that large sets of usage events are observed so that the detailed patterns found in actual usage can emerge . moreover , the various approaches taken show signs of converging toward a view of language as a dynamic system in which linguistic knowledge is not separate from its processing in language use . the linguistic models representing this view are usage-based by virtue of three factors : ( 1 ) the importance placed on usage data for theory construction ; ( 2 ) the direct incorporation of processing ( production and comprehension ) into linguistic theory ; and ( 3 ) the requirement that the models arrived at , whatever the direct source of evidence , must be testable with reference to language use . registration : no charge . symposium attendance on a space-available basis . for further information , contact suzanne kemmer ( kemmer @ ruf . rice . edu ) or michael barlow ( barlow @ ruf . rice . edu ) snailmail : dept . of linguistics , rice university , houston tx 77251-1892 .
 "",0
 812,""Subject: cgsw10 program
  
  announcing cgsw10 the 10th comparative germanic syntax workshop , organised jointly by the catholic university of brussels , and the p . j . meertens institute for dialectology ( amsterdam ) will take place in brussels on january 17-19 , 1995 . the program tuesday january 17 18 : 00 : registration and reception at conference venue : vrijheidslaan 17 , b-1080 brussels ( metro simonis ) wednesday , january 18 10 : 00 - 10 : 30 : coffee and formal opening 10 : 30 - 11 : 00 : t . taraldsen ( tromso ) case , subject-orientation and agreement in icelandic and faroese 11 : 00 - 11 : 30 : j . zwarts ( utrecht ) simple and complex prepositions and p - stranding in dutch 11 : 30 - 12 : 00 : coffee 12 : 00 - 12 : 30 : h . bennis ( leiden ) , f . beukema ( leiden ) & m . den dikken ( vu , amsterdam ) getting verb movement 12 : 30 - 14 : 00 : lunch 14 : 00 - 14 : 30 : s . barbiers ( leiden ) an antisymmetric analysis of pp extraposition 14 : 30 - 15 : 00 : t . hoekstra ( leiden ) & j . rooryck ( leiden ) dynamic and stative have 15 : 00 - 15 : 30 : e . haeberli ( geneve ) morphological case , pro and word order 15 : 30 - 16 : 00 : coffee 16 : 00 - 16 : 30 : e . - p . kester ( utrecht ) adjectival inflection and licensing conditions on null nouns 16 : 30 - 17 : 00 : e . hoekstra ( meertens , amsterdam ) & m . den dikken ( vu , amsterdam ) parasitic participles thursday , january 19 10 : 00 - 10 : 30 : j . bobaljik ( mit ) the morphological determination of germanic syntax 10 : 30 - 11 : 00 : d . buering ( koeln ) & k . hartmann ( frankfurt ) extraposition , qr , and association with focus 11 : 00 - 11 : 30 : coffee 11 : 30 - 12 : 00 : e . groat ( harvard ) overt and null expletives in germanic 12 : 00 - 12 : 30 : s . menuzzi ( leiden ) on double object constructions in icelandic 12 : 30 - 14 : 00 : lunch 14 : 00 - 14 : 30 : m . everaert ( utrecht ) binding and the inert / active distinction 14 : 30 - 15 : 00 : a . henry ( ulster ) v2 phenomena in belfast english 15 : 00 - 15 : 30 : coffee 15 : 30 - 16 : 00 : f . weerman ( utrecht ) morphological case and null case 16 : 00 - 16 : 30 : j . - w . zwart ( groningen ) the composition of auxiliaries and the placement of participles in dutch travel and hotel information : a file with travel and hotel information will be sent to you upon simple request ( e-mail or coupon below ) . registration and conference lunches : advance registration : $ 20 / bef 700 ( $ 10 / bef 350 for students ) on - site registration : $ 30 / bef 1 , 000 ( $ 20 / bef 700 for students ) advance registration can be made by sending in the coupon below , and by forwarding the required amount into postal account # 000-0536088 - 66 of ku brussel , vrijheidslaan 17 , b-1080 brussels . please mention that you are registering for cgsw10 ; do not forget to add bank charges to the above amounts . the deadline for advance registration is january 9 , 1995 . there are a number of restaurants in the immediate vicinity of the university ; however , given any sizable number of conference participants , this may lead to substantive overcrowding and consequent delays . for this reason , the organisers will arrange for a caterer to provide two lunches on the university premises . since it is vital that we should know in advance how many lunches to order , you must book your lunch in advance by sending in the coupon below . for the lunches , no advance payment is required . cut here - - - - - - name : address : e - mail : 0 i will register on-site 0 i have transferred the registration fee in the amount of 0 bef 1 , 000 0 bef 750 ( student rate ) to postal account # 000-0536088 - 66 . 0 i want to order a conference lunch for wednesday january 18 at bef 400 0 i want to order a conference lunch for thursday january 19 at bef 400 0 please send me hotel and travel information mail , fax , or e-mail this coupon to : ku brussel cgsw10 ( g . vanden wyngaerd ) vrijheidslaan 17 b-1080 brussel belgium tel + 32 2 412 4349 fax + 32 2 412 4200 email : haaam08 @ cc1 . kuleuven . ac . be
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 813,""Subject: job announcement
  
  position announcement department of french studies assistant professor in french linguistics , tenure-track , contingent upon budgetary approval ; phd required . able to teach a variety of courses in french linguistics at undergraduate and graduate levels and contribute to training and supervision of graduate teaching assistants . appropriate areas of specialization : discourse analysis , second language acquisition , language pedagogy . expertise in business french or cultural studies helpful . seeking strongest , most versatile candidate we can find . send letter and cv . the university at albany is an equal opportunity / affirmative action employer . applications from women , minority persons , handicapped persons and special disabled or vietnam era veterans are especially welcome . professor mary beth winn , chair department of french studies , hu235 university at albany state university of new york 1400 washington avenue albany , ny 12222
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 814,""Subject: job opening for english / socio / applied
  
  [ poster 's note : please do not send your query to me via email ; i am only posting this for peter . thanks - - km ] hiroshima university faculty of integrated arts & science , kagamiyama 1 - chome 7 - 1 , higashi - hiroshima , hiroshima japan 724 dean : prof . mitsuo watabe 7 december , 1994 faculty position in the english department , foreign language course applications are invited from suitable candidates ( either english native speakers or japanese ) for a temporary ( 3 - year ) teaching position in the above department . details relating to the position , and the method of application and the documents required are given below . location : hiroshima university foreign language course , department of english . faculty required : professor , associate professor or lecturer . starting date : april 1 , 1995 . duration : april 1 , 1995 - march 31 , 1998 . qualifications : m . a . essential ; ph . d . preferred ; research and teaching experience desirable . japanese candidates must have reached the age of 60 . area of specialization : sociolinguistics ; applied linguistics . teaching duties : specialized classes in sociolinguistics ; general english classes ; skill-based english classes , specializing in reading , listening , speaking and writing . documents required : curriculum vitae ( including recent photograph ) ; all publications ( nb . originals are required ) ; names and addresses of three persons from whom references may be sought . deadline for receipt of applications and supporting documents : january 9 , 1995 applications should be sent to : prof . mitsuo watabe dean , faculty of integrated arts & science , hiroshima university , kagamiyama 1 - chome , 7 - 1 , higashi - hiroshima , hiroshima 724 . japan . further information may be obtained from the chairman of the selection committee : prof . peter goldsbury english department , faculty of integrated arts & science , hiroshima university , kagamiyama 1 - chome , 7 - 1 , higashi - hiroshima , hiroshima 724 japan tel . ( int ) + 81-824 - 24-6436 fax . ( int ) + 81-824 - 24-0755 home tel . int + 81-82 - 211-1271 home fax . int + 81-82 - 211-1955
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 815,""Subject: applied linguistics position
  
  applied linguistics / esl . search reopened . closing date : february 24 , 1995 . east texas state university invites applications for assistant professor of english ( tenure-track ) to teach courses in applied linguistics / esl , full time , starting august 21 , 1995 . minimum qualifications : doctorate in applied linguistics or related applied field ( by june 1 , 1995 ) ; college teaching experience to include some or all of the areas listed below ( see """" duties """" ) ; demonstrated research commitment . desirable qualifications : experience with in-service and pre-service teacher preparation at elementary and secondary levels ; ability and experience in teaching composition ( including technical writing ) , literature surveys , word-building , or introductory philosophy ; knowledge of languages other than english . duties : teach undergrad and grad courses in general linguistics , structure and history of english , esl principles and practices , language acquisition and processing , sociolinguistics ; advise undergrad and grad students , direct theses ; conduct and publish research in area of applied linguistics specialty . required application materials : letter of application , c . v . , transcripts , three recent letters of recommendation . send all materials to gerald duchovnay , head , department of literature and languages , east texas state university , commerce , tx 75429 . closing date : february 24 , 1995 . files that were active at the time the search was closed earlier this year will be reactivated . east texas state university , which enrolls approximately 8 , 000 students in undergrad , master 's , and doctoral programs in three colleges ( a&s , business / technology , education ) , is located off interstate highway 30 , about 65 miles northeast of dallas . teaching assignment occasionally requires a weekly commute to a satellite campus in suburban dallas / forth worth . east texas state university is committed to the goals of affirmative action and equal employment opportunity . qualified members of affected groups are encouraged to apply .
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 816,""Subject: comparative syntax
  
  while i really like most of what scott delancey had to say about syntactic reconstruction usually being based on clues buried in the morphology ( or morphophonology ) , i do n't think this is always the case . there is a rather famous example involving a rule of ancient greek and one variety of old iranian ( the languages of the gatha 's , i seem to recall ) , whereby a neuter pl . subject triggers sg . agreement on a verb , a pattern which is often reconstructed for the proto-language because , as i understand it , of its apparent oddity . this reconstruction is not logically dependent , i do n't believe , on the identity of the actual morphemes marking gender , number , and person in these languages . i would think that there are many such quirks of syntax which could be the basis of a reconstruction . e . g . , polish and several other indo - european languages show traces of a pattern whereby an np referring to a group composed of males and females is grammatically neuter . i have been playing around with the idea of trying to reconstruct this as an old pattern which would be quite independent of the particular number morphemes involved ( b . t . w . , if anyone knows of any literature on this phenomenon , i would be grateful for any references and will post them in summary form ) . another example ( which is not so interesting , because we happen to know the history ) : russian does various complicated things with the case / number endings of the nouns and adjectives when combined with numerals . thus , in the nominative case , ' these adj n ' and ' two adj n ' show different adj and noun forms in russian , where in the presence of a numeral from 2 to 4 the adj has to be in what looks the gen . pl . form ( unless it is feminine , when either the gen . pl . or the gen . sg . is possible ) and the noun in what looks like the gen . sg . form ( except for one or two nouns which seem to take a special form differing in stress placement from the gen . sg . ) . closely related polish , on the other hand , does nothing special in this case ( though both languages do other weird things with numerals above 4 , which need not concern us ) . i wonder if we would not be able to conclude from such behavior that the ancestor of these languages had a distinct paucal number ( 2 - 4 being paucal ) category , which then merged with the plural in polish , but stayed distinct in russian ( with the further hypothesis that some of the paucal endings must have looked like the genitive sg . ones ) . and an even further hypothesis might be that the paucal was originally dual , since paucal is a very unusual category to have . of course , we know that this is what happened , but i wonder if we could not have reconstructed it even if had not known . so , provided the syntactic patterns are distinctive ( e . g . , weird ) enough , purely syntactic comparative reconstruction should be possible ( and i bet that we could even find some more examples of it in the literature besides the greek - iranian one cited above ) . the problem only seems impossible when we consider patterns which are quite prosaic ( and where the number of possibilities is small ) , like the so-called basic word order that has been talked about so much in this discussion . even there , i think , that if we looked at the detailed facts of word order ( not just ov , vo , and the like ) in a group of languages , we might be able to reconstruct the proto - system of word order with some degree of confidence . and even the basic order might be reconstructable enough if we have enough languages with enough diversity and ( geographical ) dispersion between them . the fact that classical latin was often verb-final , while all the romance languages are verb-middle or verb-initial , does not seem to be a very important counterexample , because ( a ) vernacular latin may well have been much more verb - middle than the literary and it is only the former that is relevant , ( b ) the romance languages do not exhibit very much diversity or dispersion . for ex . , does it not seem clear that we can reconstruct ov for proto - turkic and proto - mongolic ? and vo for proto - polynesian ?
 "",0
 817,""Subject: re : 5 . 1435 native speaker intuitions
  
  as a british speaker of a quasi-standard variety , i was a bit puzzled by tony bex 's assertion that british speakers do n't use _ _ coulda _ _ . if he means the spelling , that 's probably true . but i think i use the sound sequence / kud6 / ( 6 = schwa ) quite a lot in conected speech when the following word begins with a consonant ( especially an obstruent ) . also , i wonder whether labelling this issue a matter of ' native speaker intuitions ' may not be slightly misleading . after all , the phenomenon in question was that / 6v / is frequently spelt _ of _ after words like _ could _ by less highly literate writers . surely this is n't an intuition , any more than spelling the plural with _ 's _ ( potato 's etc . ) is an intuition . furthermore , if greengrocers or anybody else use that spelling , we presumably would n't want to say that for them the plural is a kind of possessive morpheme . so i doubt that mis-spellings can be taken as evidence for the purported grammatical intuition that / 6v / is a verb preposition or whatever . earlier contributors to the debate have seen it as a matter of spelling tending to lose distinctions between homophonous morphemes . whose to say their not write ? richard ingham
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 818,""Subject: re : 5 . 1414 native speaker intuitions
  
  i would like to make a few comments on marilyn silva 's questions about control structures like ( 1 ) johnny asked the teacher to go to the bathroom . ( 2 ) johnny asked to go to the movies . which , at least for some native speakers , are acceptable and allow an interpretation with the matrix subject as the controller . i believe that the interpetation of these sentences is fully explainable in terms of speech act semantics ( no syntax needed here ) . first , it is clear that the person asked is a potential agent and that in the """" unmarked """" case the empty subject is also supposed to an agent supposed to perform some future action specified by the verb phrase on the infinitive clause . therefore , the first option is object control . in the case of ( 1 ) this preferential interpretation is overridden by other pragmatic factors , such as the relative social status of the participants ( student vs . teacher ) . it is relatively unlikely ( though not excluded ) that the student will ask the teacher to do something . therefore , it is seems reasonable to look for an alternative intepretation . in the case of ' ask ' = a reasonable antecedent of the understood subject is the the potential beneficiary of the request , i . e . the asker . the asker benefits from the potential action performed by the addressee of the request . johnny could certainly categorized as being the beneficiary of the situation """" going to the bathroom """" . thus it seems plausible to referentially link the empty subject of = the infinitive complement . similarly , for a sentence like ( 3 ) john asked paula to be assigned for the task . which seems to involve control switch , i . e . switch from object control to subject control . in this case the passive construction overtly signals that the empty subject cannot be an agent . therefore , it 's implausible to assume coreference between the empty subject and the matrix object . but both john and the empty subject are potential beneficiaries . well , not beneficiaries not in the sense of case grammar or theta-role theory but in the sense of speech act semantics . what seems to at work here is a principle of """" role identity """" , which has been worked out in some more detail in a recent article written by klaus - michael koepcke and myself in folia linguistica 27 . 57-105 . ( """" a cognitive approach to obligatory control phenomena in english and german """" ) . roles are not understood there in the sense of case grammar but as """" pragmatic roles """" . we also point out some interesting differences = between control in english and german , for example , that sentences like ( 4 ) der polizist bat , den saal zu verlassen . ( literally : the policeman asked to leave the room ) can only be interpeted as involving an """" implicit controller """" , i . e . an addresse or a set of addressees , which is not lexicalized . related issues are also discussed in my recent book """" kontrollph = e4nomene im englischen und deutschen aus semantisch-pragmatischer perspektive """" published by gunter narr verlag , tuebingen . by the way , koepcke and i found that native speaker 's intuitions in these matters are really very unreliable and that linguists should think of more serious ways of testing what is possible in a language and what is not . klaus panther , university of hamburg , germany
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 819,""Subject: re : 5 . 1435 native speaker intuitions
  
  in agreement with some of the comments posted about """" of """" in """" coulda """" ( and let 's include hadda ) etc . , it is interesting to me that so many readers knowledgeable about linguistics see any more than a graphic convention attempting to represent the homophony of ' ve with """" of """" here . it leads to interesting questions about how spelling affects our """" mental """" lexical representations of words , as literate beings . however , it is questionable whether whatever """" psychological reality """" the spelling """" of """" in """" could of """" has for the literate will have any effect on the future of the language ( since that was brought up ) . i think the spelling """" of """" for unstressed """" have """" has about as much chance of making a verb of the other """" of """" as the spelling """" we """" would have of making french """" oui """" an english pronoun . the evolution of parentheses into phonological segments is perhaps more likely .
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 820,""Subject: comparative syntax : two languages , one grammar ?
  
  i previously posted this text to another mailing list ; a participant on that list , who also reads linguist , urged me to post it here as well , as a contribution to the """" comparative syntax """" discussion . the text below , set off by """" # """" in the left margin , is drawn from ) man 's many voices : language in its cultural context ( , by robbins burling ( new york : holt rhinehart & winston , 1970 ; isbn 0-03 - 081001-09 ) . # john gumperz has examined the colloquial dialects of marathi and kannada # in a village along the maharastra - mysore boundary in central india where # these two languages come into direct contact . marathi is an indo - aryan # language , while kannada is dravidian . historically these two languages # go back to utterly different antecedents , but the indo - aryan and dravidian # languages have been in contact in india for several thousand years and have # long influenced one another . along the borders their mutual influence has # been profound . in the village studied by gumperz most speakers feel # themselves to be bilingual , but the two village dialects share such a # large part of their grammar that one can almost doubt whether they should # count as separate languages . consider , for example , the following sentence : # # kannada : hog - i w @ nd kudri turg mar - i aw t @ nd # tags : verb suff . adj . noun noun verb suff . pron . verb # marathi : ja - un ek ghora cori kar - un tew anla # english : go having one horse theft take having he brought # idiomatic english : having gone and having stolen a horse , # he brought it back . # # all of the morphemes of the kannada sentence are different from those of # the marathi sentence , but they are used according to identical grammatical # principles . the sentences have identical constituent structures and their # morphemes occur in the same order . the same kind of suffixes are attached # to the same kind of bases . these sentences seem by no means to be atypical # of village usage . in fact , one can plausibly suggest that these two # languages ( if indeed they ) are ( two languages ) have the same grammar and # differ only in the items filling the surface forms . one can translate from # one language to another simply by substituting one set of lexical items for # another in the surface structure . # # both the marathi and the kannada used in this village differ from the more # literary or educated styles of the same languages , but both can be shown to # be related to the more standard forms according to the usual criteria by # which linguists recognize genetic affiliation . yet the village dialects # have undergone such profound mutual grammatical influence as to almost # obscure the boundaries between the two languages . curiously , in this case , # it is the lexicon that maintains the separation , and after considering the # effect of marathi and kannada upon each other , one can hardly maintain that # lexicon is always the easiest component of language to borrow or that the # true genetic affiliation will necessarily be shown by the underlying grammar burling 's bibliography refers to the following article ( which i have not read ) : gumperz , john j . """" communication in multilingual communities """" . in s . tyler , ed . ) cognitive anthropology ( ( new york : holt rhinehart & winston , 1969 ) john cowan sharing account ( lojbab @ access . digex . net ) for now e ' osai ko sarji la lojban .
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 821,""Subject: re : 5 . 1448 comparative method
  
  the ongoing discussions about the comparative method do not seem to be getting anywhere on achieving real consensus in greenberg and anti - greenberg camps on the question of what would could as valid evidence that certain language families are related at a large time depth . i wonder if it would not be a good idea to hear something - - from the defenders of wide-ranging and large-time - depth comparison , preferably - - concerning what would count as evidence against a genetic relationship ? as a concrete example , take the fact , recently cited by poser , that all the muskogean evidence in greenberg 's book has been found to be tainted by data errors ( geoffrey d . kimball , a critique of muskogean , """" gulf """" , and yukian material in _ language in the americas _ , ijal 58 ( 1992 ) , 447-501 ) . i can imagine how one might want to maintain that even this total collapse of the case on muskogean merely puts us back in a state of being neutral , a priori , on whether muskogean languages are related to other amerindian languages , or to nostratic for that matter . anti - greenberg amerindianists are perfectly prepared to agree that the amerind languages might have descended from a common source now lost . that 's neutrality . but suppose we move from that neutrality to the position that we will assume as a default that muskogean is amerind , and so are all the languages of south america , and indeed , that amerind is related to sino - tibetan and both to indo - european and thus nostratic and all of the above to khoisan . . . let us assume for the sake of argument that the world 's languages are all genetically related ; but let us take this to be an empirical assumption - - not just a willingness to reject the closet racism that poser says ruhlen once alleged in his critics , or a yearning to find universal brotherhood , but an assumption against which evidence can in principle count . now , what sort of linguistic evidence would count , for greenberg and ruhlen and illich - svitych , as disproving the inclusion of muskogean or any other family in in the conjectural ( though tentatively assumed ) proto - gaeic ? that is , what sort of data pattern or configuration of phonological and grammatical properties could suffice to make the macrocomparativists throw in the towel and go outside to meet the press and concede defeat ? there ought to be some imaginable scenario that would end up with ruhlen telling a group of reporters from the stanford daily and american scientist and other supermarket tabloids , """" well , we thought we could sustain the whole proto - gaeic thing , but that set of paradigms on haida has us beat ; we ' ve had to concede the haida case ; according to our tests , haida is unrelated to the other human languages . """" ( much scope for new press attention here : """" haida indians are aliens from space , top expert admits . """" ) but what sort of scenario would it have to be , to get the greenberg camp to admit that it was in grave trouble on some relatedness claim ? to be fair , orthodox comparativists might well say that if you put it like this , no answer should be expected . one can argue that a certain methodology applied to a certain set of data yield no evidence for relatedness between burushaski and bushman , but not that it refutes such a relatedness . a positivist view of historical linguistics would see it as maintaining hypotheses about verifiable relatednesses in a very particular form : when i say that german """" pfennig """" comes from an earlier germanic form with initial """" p """" that will be seen in languages like english with no history of a high german sound shift , i am counted as having been supported by the observation that english speakers say """" penny """" ; if the form turned out to be """" twenny """" i would be in trouble ; given german """" pfund """" i am committed to something like """" pund """" in english , and ( given the great english vowel shift ) the discovery of """" pound """" is more good news for me ; and so on . the predictions i am making are about an indefinitely extensible set of pairs ( ger : pfxxx , eng : pxxx ) . now , the falsity of one of these could conceivably taken to refute brittle forms of the hypothesis that english cognates of german pf-words always begin with p - , but it is n't nearly enough to be counterevidence to the whole english / german relatedness claim , of course . that claim would not be given up unless there was a complete collapse of all the evidence : if """" pound """" was established textually to have been a coinage by a novelist who had never heard german , if """" penny """" was shown to be borrowed from italian """" penne """" during a period when pasta had been used for small change , and then all the other sound correspondences started collapsing as well . i ' m asking this : if the 100 % collapse of greenberg 's muskogean evidence , as alleged by kimball , does not count as a complete collapse of the case that muskogean is included in amerind ( hence , a fortiori , of the case that it is in proto - gaeic ) , then i think i need some help in understanding what could be evidence against that inclusion . there had better be something . + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | g e o f f r e y k . p u l l u m * pullum @ cats . ucsc . edu | | stevenson college , university of california , santa cruz , california 95064 | | ( 408 ) 459-4705 * messages ( 408 ) 459-2555 / 2905 * fax ( 408 ) 459-3334 | + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
 "",0
 822,""Subject: comparative method
  
  in response to poser , nichols does on p . 6 of her book claim that there is no way for the comparative method to distinguish between nostratic and """" a much larger grouping of most lineages of the old world and new world """" , that is , as she herself says , between hypothetical groupings of around c . 12000 and c . 40000 years ago , and she does say that this """" because the cut-off point is so shallow """" , the cut-off point being the ceiling of 6000-10000 years which she imposes ( wihout any basis , as noted in my earlier messages ) on the comparative method . since this amounts to a rejection of the nostratic hypothesis ( not as false perhaps but as unverifiable / unfalsifiable , i guess ) , this means that i am right and poser is wrong about whether there have been people who have rejected particular theories of linguistic relationship on the basis of this mythical ceiling idea . in response to teeter : i think ( and i hope karl will endorse this ) that our disagreements are really quite minor , but they are real as far as they go . for example , while karl is obviously 100 % right about meillet 's position in the scientia article ( where meillet says that lexical comparisons can never prove a relationship , and only morphological ones can ) , in his 1925 book meillet repeatedly states that you can establish a linguistic relationship purely on the basis of lexical correspondences , makes the same point that i have been making over and over again here on linguist that for some language families this is the only way of showing relationship since they lack morphology , and even makes the same point that i did about how certain things can only be done once you have established , at least tentatively , that the languages you are dealing with are related . as a matter of fact , he even shows how you could demonstrate the relatedness of the romance languages purely on the basis of a lexical comparison , using the numerals 1-10 , and then shows how you could do that for the older indo - european languages too ( although there he begins to slip in a little morphology ) . i would also like to add that i think it is a serious mistake to pretend that there are no models for comparative linguistics besides indo - european , because it is so utterly atypical of the language families of the world . there are plenty of equally well established families , several of which are older in the only sense that matters , that is , not in years before the present but in years before the earliest written records and many of which are more useful models for those working on families not yet established ( afroasiatic , austronesian , austroasiatic , uto - aztecan , altaic , etc . ) . which is not to say that there is anything wrong with knowing as much as possible about ie , but rather that there is much wrong with knowing naught but indo - european . i am not sure but i think that this is what eric hamp had in mind in a recent paper in the davis / iverson volume when he complained about how the teaching of historical linguistics is hampered by textbooks which largely draw their material from ie ( or indeed from some favored parts of it , such as romance ) . and i am happy to have sally thomason point out that morphological elements can be borrowed . meillet we must remember was greatly troubled by the possibility of such a thing and of the existence of mixed languages . he tried to debunk every examples around , and thought ( wrongly i think ) that if such languages exist , then they cannot be handled by the comparative method . the fact that such languages do exist ( e . g . , mitchif ) and yet pose no problem ( so that we have no trouble tracing certain parts of mitchif to french and others to cree ) means that meillet was worried for naught . but it also means that language classification on the basis of morphology is no more infallibible than that on the basis oif lexical material . you work with what you have available , which in some cases may be largely morphology and only a few obvious lexical parallels ( that 's how afro - asiatic was first established ) , morphology and lexicon ( indo - european ) , lexicon and a single morphological parallel ( algic , as victor golla reminded me just the other day ) , lexicon only ( vietnames and the rest of mon - khmer ) , and so on and so forth .
 "",0
 823,""Subject: typology of historical change
  
  typology of historical change this note tries to make explicit what i take for granted , and have discussed with others on occasion , but which perhaps needs a more explicit statement . one of the most fruitful avenues of research in distant language comparison , i believe , is the growth of the field i call typology of historical change . under this rubric i include for example the work of johanna nichols ( whether or not i agree with any data , findings or particulars of method , is not relevant to my point ; i still think it helps our thinking along ) . i also include , and this is a challenge i want to issue , the * * * mode of discourse * * * in which mr . vovin asked recently for help in finding typological parallels to a hypothesis he was interested in that a phrase meaning """" water falls """" could fossilize ( ? ) into a basic word for """" rain """" . in response to his query , he got back some positive answers , examples which people claimed fit this description . as a method of reasoning , this is what we need more of . that is , more accumulations of attested examples of particular changes , to educate our intuitions of what we naively think are """" possible """" semantic shifts by ever more experience with what actual semantic shifts are known or suspected . it will help us to improve our methods of guestimating possible language relationships , because it will at least say that a given hypothesized semantic shift is frequently attested , so it is not straining to compare lexical items whose meanings differ in such and such a way . whereas by contrast another hypothesized semantic shift is not firmly attested . so such an unattested semantic shift should probably not be used in those distant language comparisons which are themselves the most difficult to do , because over large time spans the number of context-sensitive conditioning environments is as great as the number of lexical items available to compare , and thus there are few or no * * * recurring * * * sound correspondences . in other words , as we move towards deeper comparisons , we must more and more rely on ways of measuring """" distance """" of semantic shift and """" distance """" of phonological change , rather than measuring repeating sound correspondences and semantic identities . we do not yet have our tools for doing this very well sharpened , but we can proceed gradually to sharpen them . a study of the known attested cases is the best start . in other words , if someone really wants to see how our methods fare with gradually more distant language comparisons , and to see how some new methods may fare , they should tabulate , for all known language relationships , ( a ) the proportion of sound-correspondence repetition in the comparable vocabulary ( and what """" comparable """" means is itself a variable , not exclusively defined by ( b ) and ( c ) ) ( b ) the """" semantic distance """" along attested paths of semantic change of lexical items being compared . where multiple such shifts have been attested , the estimated """" distance """" counts as closer , smaller . where few such shifts have been attested , the estimated """" distance """" counts as greater . we of course do not have enough such information in database form to use at present , but whatever we do have can be used provisionally , as explained in ( d ) ( c ) the """" phonetic distance """" along attested paths of phonetic change of lexical items being compared . there is relatively more of this knowledge available than for phonological change . ( d ) exploring how the three measures above vary as we go to greater time depths . that is , using first the more assured cases , then the less assured ones , how does a weighted average of """" closeness """" of compared lexical items vary as we go to increasing time depths ? how does the proportion of regular and often recurring sound correspondences to unique or rarely recurring sound correspondences vary as we go to increasing time depths ? it is the development of the tools in ( b , c ) which will most advance our abilities to compare at greater time depths , improve our methods . i will be very grateful to anyone who points me to studies which approximate to parts of the program outlined just above . """" the comparative method """" currently does not have the benefit of fully developed tools of this kind . to that degree , the current comparative methods can be considered less rigorous than they ought to be , and for that reason not as powerful at distant language comparisons as they will sometime come to be . a future comparative method can use these tools more and more precisely . the real challenge today to existing comparativists is to avoid artificially fossilizing the term """" the comparative method """" , to avoid treating its methods as fixed and not subject to improvement and supplementing with newer and more powerful methods , as are the methods in any other science . it would be healthy if the word """" the """" were dropped from the term and it were made a mass or plural term """" comparative methods """" . that implies no lessening of rigor . indeed , as i have been at pains to point out above , i firmly believe some of the limitations of the present state of comparative methods result from a * * * lack of rigor * * * in the area of the typology of possible changes ( phonetic , semantic , grammatical ) . work discussed by bill croft in the topic of syntactic reconstruction and typology is certainly relevant to the concerns raised here . i think we are seeing the beginnings of a new paradigm in the focus on paths of change in language , and comparative-historical linguists will be left behind if they do not add these techniques to their box of tools ( while keeping all the good techniques they already have ) . lloyd anderson
 "",0
 824,""Subject: sum : vowel length in orthographies
  
  a few weeks ago i posted a query about the orthographic marking of vowel length , with special reference to korean . i received many very interesting replies , both on korean and on the general question , which i will summarise below - the whole topic raises some issues that people might like to comment further on . first though - thanks to everyone who took the trouble to send me information . it was my first linglist query and i ' m delighted with the way it works ! it would have taken me ages to assemble all these examples from library research . at first i was surprised to get a lot of replies suggesting as examples of languages that dont mark vowel length , english , german and so on . then i realised i should have been clearer in my original request . a . fox put the problem well with his question : ' your query about writing and vowel length is slightly odd , since it implies that in most languages with contrastive vowel-length the writing system represents it . but this depends on what you mean by ' representing ' vowel-length ; in the sense of having an explicit and consistent marker of length , such as a double letter , a diacritic or other length mark , this is not very common , at least in languages with which i am familiar . but length can be implicitly marked in a variety of ways , and therefore discoverable from the spelling for anyone ( such as the literate native speaker ) who knows the system . ' i 'd intended to include all of these things as ways of ' representing ' vowel length ; definitely not only cases where vowel length is represented as a feature in its own right by a macron , double symbol etc . so what i wanted was examples of languages with an extensive system of minimal pairs differentiated wholly or mainly by vowel length which have identical orthographic representations of the members of the pairs . this is the situation in korean , for quite a largish set of words of both one and two syllables . it 's definitely not the situation in english , german , canadian french , danish etc . i dont think its the situation in latin either , though i might be wrong , and would be glad of correction . here and in quite a few of the other languages that were suggested to me , vowel length is predictable from some other aspect of the word ( including its lexical identity ) so you dont actually get many or any minimal pairs differentiated only by length . right ? the same would appear to be the case for hausa ; and possibly for the other estonian vowel length contrast ? my estonian is a bit rusty , but would i be right in guessing that the full three way contrast is fairly limited ? however , several of the pacific languages that were mentioned to me do seem to fit the bill : tokelauan , samoan , maori , fijian and the ponapeic languages are all candidates for having what i would call a genuine length contrast ( although it seems that in maori at any rate the system of contrasts is quite limited ) , which is at least sometimes not shown in the orthography . so , it seems , does the australian language bardi , and its orthography doesnt show it . . the thing i found very interesting was the number of people who sent anecdotal evidence about how native speakers of these languages feel about marking vowel length . their writing systems are all of course relatively recent introductions based on the roman alphabet , and there are plenty of ways they could show vowel length . but they dont always use this potential it seems . apparently the speakers of ponapeic languages use length marking inconsistently , so do fijian speakers , maori speakers find it ' unnatural ' and dont like using it , tokelauan teachers have decided not to teach it , and in samoa use of a length marker is banned ! there seems to be something worth exploring here . the obvious hypothesis is that though the words are differentiated phonetically by length , this is not the distinction that is most salient to the native speakers . the next obvious hypothesis is that it is some kind of lexical distinction , similar to that of english ' good ' vs ' food ' , ' boot ' vs 's oot ' , ' look ' vs ' loop ' etc that is perfectly simple for native speakers and horrible for learners . ( which could also explain why gaelic has taken the opposite trend and started marking vowel length where it never used to , since it is used so much nowadays by less than fully native speakers . . . ) . thoughts on these hypotheses would be gratefully received . but back to korean . . . this still seems like a very unusual situation to me . it seems likely and indeed it was suggested by some of the korean respondents that the original hangul did have a length marker , but i have found no evidence for this in my research on hangul . ( that 's why i posted the orginal query , and i ve just had another look at ledyard 's thesis on the topic . ) maybe i just need to do more careful research : pointers on this also gratefully received . a couple of points of clarification : the distinction between the monosyllabic vowel length ' minimal pairs ' does seem to be dying out ( though it is the fact that it previously existed but was not marked in the writing system at that time that i find odd ; could it be that the lack of orthographic representation contributes to its demise ? ? ) . but there is a clear distinction in the sound of the two syllable pairs . to my ears these distinction seems to be much more one of pitch accent than of length . and : when i said that native speakers dont easily identify vowel length , i didnt mean that they say ' my language doesnt have a vowel length distinction ' - which would indeed be a statement to be cautious of ! i meant they dont know which word is supposed to have the long vowel and which the short . this is consistent with information sent by native speakers that it is something taught in schools as a prescriptive rule well for anyone who has read this far , let me reward you by sharing with you this response from fran karttunen ( i hope she doesnt mind ) . i dont know exactly how to interpret it with respect to my questions above , but i ' m sure there 's something in it for all of us ! ' both the maya and the nahua ( speakers of unrelated mesoamerican languages ) had achieved a partially-syllabic approach to writing before the arrival of europeans in the first quarter of the 16th century . from what we can tell of their writing , both made some use of rhebus principles in which a drawing of thing , the name of which was similar rather than identical , was used to suggest the intended word / syllable . for instance , a drawing of a a bare bottom ( tzin-tli """" buttocks """" ) was used for the honorific suffix - tzin . likewise a drawing of a banner , pan-tli was used for locative - pan . these two examples are suffixes , but there are similar cases for initial syllables of nahuatl noun stems , for instance . vowel length , at least for nahuatl , is not taken into account in these cases . the honorific suffix today has the reflex of a long vowel in most modern dialects of nahuatl , making it homophonous with the stem of """" buttocks """" , but attestation from the sixteenth century consistently show them to contrast in vowel length ( short for the honorific , long for """" buttocks """" ) . same for """" banner """" ( long vowel ) versus the locative ( short ) . ' thanks again to all respondents , who are listed below as acknowledgment . ( hope that 's ok ; preparing this summary has already taken so long that i ' m not keen now to go through and give proper ' who said what ' acknowledgments ! ) helen wechsler @ world . std . com ( allan c wechsler ) rcosper @ husky1 . stmarys . ca ( ronald cosper ) fran karttunen ( liar457 @ utxvms . cc . utexas . edu shelly @ uniwa . uwa . edu . au ( shelly harrison ) pulju @ ricevm1 . rice . edu gshin @ rs6 . chonnam . ac . kr ( gyonggu shin ) ian . green @ anu . edu . au ( ian green ) geoffn @ siu . edu ( geoffrey s . nathan ) mdr412 @ coombs . anu . edu . au ( malcolm ross ) jussi . karlgren @ sics . se kenneth de jong ( kdejong @ indiana . edu laurie . bauer @ vuw . ac . nz lance eccles ( lance . eccles @ mq . edu . au ) j . a . rea jarea @ ukcc . uky . edu jihualde @ ux1 . cso . uiuc . edu henry rogers ( rogers @ epas . utoronto . ca ) brian d joseph ( bjoseph @ magnus . acs . ohio-state . edu ) david fertig ( fertig @ acsu . buffalo . edu ) david gil ( ellgild % nusvm . bitnet @ cunyvm . cuny . edu stavros macrakis ( macrakis @ osf . org ) marc picard ( picard @ vax2 . concordia . ca ) charles scott ( cscott @ macc . wisc . edu ) lars mathiesen ( u of copenhagen cs dep ) ( thorinn @ diku . dk ) mark aronoff ( maronoff @ datalab2 . sbs . sunysb . edu ) caoimhin @ sabhal-mor - ostaig . ac . uk ( caoimhin p . odonnaile ) jaejung . song @ stonebow . otago . ac . nz ( jaejung song ) """" a . t . c . fox """" ( lnp6atcf @ lucs-mac . novell . leeds . ac . uk ) mjulien @ isl . uit . no ( marit julien ) blaine erickson ( erickson @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hfraser @ metz . une . edu . au ( 129 . 180 . 4 . 1 ) helen fraser ( dr ) dept of linguistics university of new england armidale nsw 2351 australia phone 067 73 2128 / 3189 fax 067 73 3735
 "",0
 825,""Subject: reconstruction of latin
  
  a week or two ago i asked whether anyone had ever tried to apply the methods of historical reconstruction to reconstruct a known ( attested ) language , then compared the result of reconstruction with the actual language . the answer is yes ; thanks to daniel radzinski ( dr @ tovna . co . il ) , deborah yeager ( kyeager @ mailhost . nmt . edu ) , ? ? ( macrakis @ osf . org ) , and marc picard ( picard @ vax2 . concordia . ca ) , several of whom mentioned that robert hall had done a reconstruction of latin on the basis of romance languages . the reference is : hall , robert a . , jr . ( 1976 ) proto-romance phonology . elsevier .
 "",0
 826,""Subject: 
  
  syntax wesley hudson . pragmatic constraints on binding into noun phrases . ph . d . diss . u . s . c . distr . by gsil publications ( gsil @ usc . edu ) this study analyzes a set of constructions referred to as specificity effects , where the possibility of extracting from within or binding into a noun phrase depends on non-syntactic properties of the np . in contrast to a number of syntactic studies of this phenomenon ( fiengo and higginbotham ( 1981 ) , bower ( 1987 ) , diesing ( 1990 ) ) , this work argues for a non-syntactic analysis of specificity effects . thus the inability to quantify into specific nps follows from a pragmatic equivalent to structurally determined wide scope readings . the class of nps which induce such wide scope readings is defined in terms of two distinct pragmatic properties . the first is referentiality as defined in burge ( 1974 ) , where the interpretations of referential nps are relativized to acts of reference performed on particular occasion of utterance . the second property is based on hawkins ( 1991 ) 's approach to anaphora with ( in ) definite nps ' and involves the implicatures speakers utilize in conveying whether or not a referent is identifiable . these pragmatic properties are shown to correlate with the opacity of nps more closely than syntactic or semantic properties . gsil pulbications patricia schneider - zioga . the syntax of clitic doubling in modern greek . 1994 in this dissertation it is argued that clitic doubling involves a predication structure where a clitic left dislocated ( cllded ) expression , which is a copy of the clitic doubled expression , is the subject of the predication and the clitic and doubled expression serve as the predicate variable ( cf . iatridou ( 1991 ) for clld ) : ( a ) noun phrasej [ predicate . . . cliticj - v noun phrasej . . . ] either the cllded or the doubled argument may phonetically delete . the difference between clitic doubling and clld is a matter of whether the topic or the doubled expression is phonetically ( but not syntactically ) deleted . this proposal accounts for what kind of lexical projections allow clitic - doubling ; the difference in behavior between accusative and oblique clitic doubled expressions ; the impossibility of doubling qps that contain expressions needing antecedents and other reconstruction effects ; as well as the scope interpretation of doubled qps . assymetries between clitic doubling and clld are also addressed . for more information , please contact : gsil @ usc . edu liliane haegeman , the syntax of sentential negation . 1993 / 94 ca . 250pp . paperbound approx . usd 50 rosenberg & sellier via andrea doria 14 , i-10123 torino ( credit card accepted ) this collection comprises papers by : l . haegeman , n . duffield , i . laka , j . ouhalla , e . pearce , l . progovac , g . puskas , m - l . rivero and r . zanuttini . it appears in two successive issues of """" rivista di linguistica """" : 5 , 2 ( 1993 ) and 6 , 1 ( 1994 ) ; the second one will be available very soon . an obvious alternative to the separate purchase of these issues is the subscription to the journal . | | | | - - - - pier marco bertinetto scuola normale superiore / / / / / / / - - - - - - - / / / / / / / - - - - - - - tel . + + 39 / ( 0 ) 50 / 509111 p . za dei cavalieri 7 / / / / / / / - - - - - - - fax : + + 39 / ( 0 ) 50 / 563513 i-56126 pisa / / / / / / / - - - - - - - / / / / / / / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - history of ling murray , stephen o . ( el instituto obregsn , san francisco ) . theory groups and the study of language in north america . a social history . john benjamins 1994 xxi , 596 pp . history of ling hb : us : 1 55619 364 5 / 90 272 4556 8 us $ 110 . 00 / hfl . 210 , - - this is a detailed social history of north american linguistic traditions and """" revolutionary """" challenges to them , covering the last century and a half . in particular , the book traces the relatively recent growth of generative syntax out of neo - bloomfieldian structuralism , under the nurturing ( contrary to popular myth ) of powerful """" gatekeepers """" like language editor bernard bloch . although focusing on groups , murray resurrects many of the forgotten writers on language in society who were not participants in schools or theory groups . moreover , he formulates a theory of the social basis for claims of """" scientific revolution """" , and provides a suggestive analysis of why some approaches succeeded while others failed in the continuing and often rhetorically violent contention in linguistics . includes a 74 - page bibliography . studies in the history of the language sciences , 69 socioling the discourse of negotiation - studies of language in the workplace edited by alan firth , denmark isbn : 0-08 - 042400 - 7 hardback viewing negotiations at a micro level of analysis , this book focuses on a wide variety of settings , from industrial meetings to comsumer helplines . * available for discussion * published october 1994 by elsevier science ltd tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1865 843685 langs langauge in the andes , p . cole , g . hermon & m . d . martin ( eds . ) , 400 pp . , latin american studies program , 113 ewing hall , u . of delaware , newark , de 19716 , pcole @ udel . edu . volume includes papers on sociolinguistics ( p . p . plaza , u . von gleich & w . wolck , a . m . escobar , n . hornberger , diana weber ) ; syntax ( w . adelaar , s . dedenbach - salazar saenz & j . de dios yapita moya , r . floyd , p . muysken , n . ostler , s . van de kerke , david weber ) ; phonology ( r . aranovich , r . cerron - palomino , p . landerman ) ; & language teaching ( r . andersen , j . l . daza & r . robison ) . price : us $ 12 , individuals ; $ 20 , libraries & other institutions ) incl . shipping ; $ 2 surcharge to addresses outside the u . s . to order , send a check in u . s . dollars drawn on a u . s . bank made out to the university of delaware to above address . this series is not automatically purchased by libraries so you may wish to recommend the book to your library .
 "",0
 827,""Subject: comparative method
  
  these are notes after the recent discussions of karl teeter , amramer , sally thomason , after the aaa meetings sessions on distant language reconstructions , and also in response to part of mr . poser 's message of 14 december . first , most of the discussion of karl teeter i can agree with wholeheartedly except in the use of any of his criteria as absolutes . even grammatical things can be borrowed ( as sally pointed out ) . people do in practice * * * correctly * * * accept a language family such as uto - aztecan as essentially proven , even when no grammar has been written for the proto-language , or when only parts of a grammar are written . on the one hand , nobody would be disturbed much if it turned out that one of the assumed uto - aztecan languages was originally from another family , with truly massive borrowing from uto - aztecan . the overall hypothesis of a uto - aztecan family would not be shaken . on the other hand , asking the question how much of the grammar of the proto-language has to be written reveals the non-absoluteness of the criterion . only a tiny bit ? that might be subject to one of the special cases in which some morphology and other grammar were borrowed ( sally 's general type of example ) . so , again , karl is right in general , but wrong if any single criterion is taken as an absolute ( unless circularly many criteria are combined by feats of legalese into a single criterion ) . i would like to modify amramer 's statement in exactly the same spirit : ) we cannot demand a detailed morphological reconstruction ) until the languages are accepted as related . this is too strong . it is not quite the same as ramer 's ) but surely he does not mean that a comparative grammar is a ) prerequisite to a reconstruction ; it is part of a reconstruction . in practice , an extensive comparative grammar is indeed written as part of a reconstruction ( ramer 's second wording above , not his first above ) , but it is not likely to be written unless * * * both * * * of the following two conditions are fulfilled : 1 ) the languages are in fact related ( makes the grammar easier to write ) 2 ) enough scholars believe that the languages might be related and so put effort into establishing their links . it is some unwarranted discouragement of the second which needs to be dealt with in our field . ramer is right that some linguists do discourage attempts to prove what has not already been proven . no risk-taking , in other words . good researchers , attempting to write a grammar of altaic for example , will report all of their results , both for genetic relatedness , for borrowing , and for a host of other questions they will not even have thought of when they started their research . some researchers evaluate only the hypothesis they started with . very often the differences of viewpoint amount to nothing more than an elevation of what one does oneself into the """" true """" or """" real """" work of the field , instead of recognizing that it takes a number of different contributions . i will illustrate from karl teeter 's recent messages , with no malice intended , because i am absolutely sure he intends none himself . in modifying his wording to take account of amramer 's point that of course people do properly classify languages on the basis of phonological correspondences , teeter writes on 10 december : """" since it is clear that everybody 's first approximation to linguistic history begins with such classification . what i say is just that you cannot reconstruct languages on this basis . """" ( please note the words """" first approximation """" in this . that you cannot reconstruct languages on the bases of classification alone seems to me a tautology . ) later in the same message , teeter reverts to the more absolute statement : """" on the contrary , my contention ( not my invention ) , is that the only way to establish that languages are related is to write a grammar of the proto - langauge and show how it developed into different later grammars . """" ( please note the words """" the only way """" and """" establish """" . using these words does not change the fact that uto - aztecan is * * * correctly * * * accepted as a proven family without teeter 's criteria being satisfied . ) on 8 december , teeter wrote : ) """" systematic correspondences of sounds in the vocabularies """" may prove ) a connection between languages , which is certainly an interesting ) first step , but there the real work of comparative grammar starts : [ then teeter mentions four possible explanations , only one genetic ] ) until one can exclude the first three factors , one has proven ) nothing at all regarding genetic relationship . teeter discounts the enormous work of discovering likely language families in the first place , trivializes that as not the """" real work """" and establishment of systematic sound correspondences as proving """" nothing at all """" regarding genetic relationship . on the contrary , that does prove a grouping as a legitimate candidate for genetic relationship , and often the nature of the sound correspondences found will also have made one or more of the alternatives less probable . the work of comparative-historical grammarians is """" real work """" . so is the work of those who spend enormous hard-working hours sifting potential cognates to discover potential sound correspondences . do teeter and others really have no knowledge of how much work that takes ? at no stage is something ever completely proven in an absolute sense ( not even after a comparative grammar is written , because of the potential for undiscovered problems of the kind noted by sally thomas ) . all stages of the process contribute to the end result . all stages are equally """" the real work """" . proof is always incremental , not nothing , not complete and absolute . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * i turn next to mr . poser 's message , and to other information gleaned at the aaa meetings . perhaps mr . poser will be surprised that i am enthusiastically in favor of anyone correcting any errors in any claims of language relationship or language structure , including mr . poser 's mention of kimball correcting errors in muskogean , even or especially if that means that a greenberg claim about pronouns in amerind is weakened . it is actually claims about morphology where i expect greenberg is least likely to have succeeded in contributing something . i thank mr . poser for the bibliography i can check against my lists of corrections and for this note on muskogean pronouns . i also agree with mr . poser that the criticism of errors in data does not rely on the mere authority of the critic . ( that was not my point about appeals to authority , so one of mr . poser 's paragraphs was not directly relevant . my earlier point about appeals to authority remains . ) i did not indicate ( as mr . poser 's message suggests ) that critics complained of errors when they could not back them up . what i did say was that they claimed greenberg 's errors made the method worthless , without bothering to test whether correction of the errors would actually lead to a change in his conclusions , and without promptly providing the data so others could carry out such a test . ) from conversations , i would judge some are still reluctant to face this test , the one required by a part of their claims . ( even if their claims on this point prove wrong in some degree , because the conclusions of greenberg 's method mostly remain the same even after errors of those kinds are corrected , it still will not follow that greenberg 's methods produce valid results on a regular basis . please notice how careful it is important to be with notions of proof for or against anything . ) in conversation with bob rankin at the recent aaa meetings i indicated i was glad greenberg had made the attempt at morphology , with his 3rd - person alternation between / y / and / t / as a putative relic irregularity , but i was equally likely to end up believing that he had discovered a new typological fact , a preference for these unmarked segments and recurring conditions under which they might alternate in more or less the same way , which might indicate that the same phenomenon could arise by chance repeatedly . we are always dealing simultaneously with possibilities of genetic relationship or convergent evolution . as a general warning about the danger of throwing out hypotheses too early because they are """" obviously """" cases of chance lookalikes or convergent evolution , an article """" common pathways of illumination """" by stephen jay gould of harvard , in natural history magazine , december 1994 pp . 10-20 , discusses the origins of eyes in different phyla of the animal kingdom . he states that this had been a classic case in biology , used to show convergent evolution of originally unrelated organs to serve the same function . however , the dna specialists have gotten their hands on this one , and apparently it is * * * the same dna * * * which is regulating important parts of the production of eyes in these various phyla , barring of course a few changes in a few amino acid codes . this dna is therefore genetically inherited ( and we are talking as far back as the common node on the family tree of drosophila fruit flies , squids , and humans ! ) . if this line of argument holds up , we have quite a revolution in thinking on our hands . ( such thinking can of course go far overboard too . ) """" chance lookalikes """" certainly do exist massively . sound symbolism is a typological basis for their recurrence . the too-easy use of """" chance lookalikes """" to reject comparisons can however also be just like the too-easy use of """" substrate """" and many other ways of purporting to explain phenomena , but in reality merely naming them without doing the hard work of really explaining them . as another factual contribution to the discussion of greenberg 's errors , bob rankin clarified for me at the aaa meetings that he had looked at greenberg 's original notebooks , and that apparently what happened is that greenberg had a single flexible flap in his notebook bearing the language names , and sheets which he matched up against that to enter data for particular lexical items . this is a mechanism subject to errors of the two pieces of paper slipping vertically relative to each other , and in fact there were rather a large number of such errors . it was errors of rows rather than of columns ( as i loosely had assumed without ever bothering to ask if rows or columns ) . mr . poser originally asked on 9th november whether """" limitations [ of the comparative method ] had been and were being used to justify resistance to proposals of emote relationships . . . """" please take careful note of this wording , as mr . poser changed the wording in his message of 14 december , when he asserts no example has been given . i gave mr . poser an eyewitness account satisfying the wording he used . i stand by that eyewitness account . ( i do not like naming names ever in these matters , but mr . poser 's assertion could be answered only by an eyewitness account . ) none of mr . poser 's supposed rebuttal in his recent message is at all relevant to that claim , though it is relevant to another claim , an absurd one , that i did not make . ( as in his previous message , mr . poser mixes several different wordings of what are quite radically different hypotheses . any extended discussion of these variants would not be relevant to any of our central points , so i omit them . ) to be specific about that absurd claim i did * not * make , i quite agree with mr . poser that some of the same people also criticize greenberg 's hypotheses based on the factual data . i have never denied that , and in fact took pains to refer to other good work by the same people , and have always emphasized the importance of having corrections of data . mr . poser 's conclusion was : ) it thus appears , as i thought , that there are no real examples of perceived ) limitations of the comparative method being used as the basis for rejecting ) proposals of genetic affiliation . since i gave an eyewitness account of such an example of the perceived limitations being used as one basis for rejecting proposals of genetic affiliation , mr . poser can only maintain his original assertion by converting it into a different assertion as he has here , namely that there is no case of a person using those perceived limitations as """" the """" ( read """" the only """" ) basis for rejecting such proposals . i will simply repeat that in the case to which i was eyewitness , the tone of the presentation was quite clear that the absurdity of the time depth was sufficient * * * in and of itself * * * to rule out the legitimacy of attempting such distant comparison . ( a critique of errors in greenberg 's data is not directly relevant to this point , even if engaged in by the same person . ) apparently mr . poser wants his allies to be persons who not only do good work , but also do nothing wrong . but we cannot posit such a division between the """" holy """" and the """" unclean """" , like the caste distinctions of traditional india . no one has the right to take such a position vis a vis other good-faith researchers , however much they may disagree with data , results , or methods . i gather from some conversations at the aaa that some of the people involved have become more moderate since the earlier years in these matters , at least in their public statements . that is certainly all to the good . there are also small beginnings of developments of method which may turn out to be relevant to our current limitations . i am perplexed by mr . poser 's discussion of the supposed rule of using only three-consonant matches never merely two-consonant matches . although i used siouxan - yuchi , because some amerindianists are considering this , the point does not depend in the slightest on whether one believes these two particular nodes are related or not . perhaps someone can propose another alternative ( i would suggest looking for one in tibeto - burman , where perhaps only one consonant , one vowel , and tone would be available , and yet the genetic relations are in some cases secure . ) i agree with mr . poser that it is better to have three consonants than two , and precisely because it helps to avoid chance resemblances . as i stated in the previous message . that means that the only difference between us is that mr . poser will consider treating the preferred method ( 3 consonants ) as the only permitted one : ) if ( probably contrary to fact ) , matches of three consonants are ) necessary to exclude chance , . . . i do not see why we should be ) unwilling , in that case , to conclude either that they are not ) related or that , if they are , the relationship is not demonstrable . the problem here is the notion that such a particular rule * could even conceivably * be """" necessary to exclude chance """" . no rule is necessary to exclude chance . a large number of procedures and methods can * * * help * * * to exclude chance . except in the most difficult cases of all , probably most single rules can be violated , and there will still be enough other ways of excluding chance that a good result can be achieved . it is this fossilization in the response to expansions of the methods available as part of """" the comparative method """" which is damaging to increasing the rigor as well as the power of our field . it is encouraging to see sessions on distant language relationships . i firmly believe some of these sessions would not be occurring nor would there be so much work on studying methods , if greenberg had not published that book . some of the growth of interdisciplinary cooperation and communication was also in the process of happening anyway , and greenberg just accidentally published at this time . ( i am not trying to credit him with causing all of this interest . ) i particularly liked john colarusso 's contribution to the eurasian session , because he outlined his views on why distant language comparisons are very difficult because of the progressive loss of data , yet he is not in the business of criticizing people who attempt these . he is in the business of himself contributing to a deepening of both linguistic and mythological comparisons as much as he can in areas which are still to a great extent uncharted . johanna nichols also provoked much thought with her methods , and ways of integrating more information on peripheries vs . centers of innovation and residue of repeated waves of innovation visible even at the peripheries , as a pattern to look for in projecting a homeland backwards in time . i am somewhat skeptical about very distant language comparisons which involve only identities of sound correspondence , precisely because it is so easy for this approach to select a very old but still relatively more recent layer of borrowings ( more recent than the node on the family tree we may be struggling to find a way to reach ) . as greenberg pointed out , an increase in the number of conditioning contexts over time , once it approaches the number of lexical items available for comparison , leads to the result that there are virtually no recurrences of exactly the same sound correspondences . please see a separate message on how we can sharpen our tools to deal with this , titled """" typology of historical change """" . this means that i start out somewhat skeptical about alan bomhard 's nostratic and similar comparisons , precisely because he uses only or preferentially sound correspondences of identity . but that may be my personal bias , and i may end up granting that such a strictness of sound correspondences can actually work over great time depths . i cannot presume to know . there was one session i did not attend but report here from the abstract , in which researchers reported results of mitochondrial dna studies of the various native american populations . as expected , eskimo and athabaskan were separable ( one variety each ? ) . the remainder of native american populations shared four varieties of mitochondrial dna , either without subgrouping , or perhaps in two major subgroups . bob rankin did attend and says that the authors in their presentation had come down on the side of two major subgroups . population genetics need not match language directly , but the data is still at least interesting and obliquely relevant . . . lloyd anderson
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 828,""Subject: open letter to * language *
  
  on my own behalf and that of william c . baxter , victoria a . fromkin , jane h . hill , larry hutchinson , richard hudson , michael b . kac , d . terence langendoen , winfred p . lehmann , edgar c . polome , karl v . teeter , and thomas wasow i wish to post the following open letter to * language * , the official journal of the lsa . if anybody else would like to sign , please contact me . alexis manaster ramer - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - on open letter to * language * we , the undersigned members of the linguistic society of america , work in a wide variety of subfields and theoretical orientations in linguistics . nevertheless , we have come together to urge that * language * take notice of a work of scholarship which has to date received very little discussion or review . the work in question is the late v . m . illich - svitych 's * opyt sravnenija nostraticheskikh jazykov * . it seems to us that considerable interest attaches to theories of """" distant """" linguistic relationships ( as evidenced , for example , by the ongoing controversy , so well reflected in * language * , about the amerind hypothesis ) and about the methodological and theoretical issues that arise in connection with the question of whether such relationships can ever be demonstrated . whether illich - svitych 's work ultimately turns out to be right , partly right , utterly wrong , or simply incapable of verification or refutation , we believe it should be reviewed since many of us do not read russian and have not been able to read the work in question . we are aware that a number of linguists in the field have negative views of this work which makes it even more important that * language * publish a review , a review article , a debate between a supporter and an opponent of the hypothesis , or some other suitable opportunity for the membership of the lsa to have the existence of this work acknowledged - - and the issues which it raises vented - - in an open , public , and scholarly fashion .
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 829,""Subject: on vacation
  
  dear subscribers : it 's the holiday season here in the usa , so we want to extend good wishes for the festive season and also to let you know that linguist will be """" on vacation """" from december 20 ( midnight ) to january 5 , 1995 . we ' re taking a break this year because we have been plagued with technical problems all semester : first our mailer started wildly duplicating and triplicating messages ; then we began having problems ( still unsolved ) telnetting from emu to texas a&m ; and now we are being moved to a new machine at texas a&m . ( come to think of it - - why did we say this was going to be a """" holiday """" ? ? ) we will be spending the break doing what we can to ensure that 1995 is less technically """" interesting """" . we want to thank all of you who have been patient with late postings , duplicate postings , and lost messages from september to december . and we wish to extend hearty thanks to our assistant editors , ron reck , ljuba veselinova , liz bodenmiller , and ann dizdar , who have manned the front lines in our battle with technology : it is because of their excellent work that linguist was able to continue all semester despite the revolt of the machines . some of you may be interested to know that linguist now has 5700 subscribers , who have posted this year 's 1500 messages from approximately 60 different countries . may all 5700 of you have a prosperous and happy new year ! helen & anthony
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 830,""Subject: re : 5 . 1470 open letter to _ language _
  
  many readers of linguist ( and of language ) are , as the open letter indicates , interested in methodological issues that come up in efforts to establish very distant linguistic relationships like nostratic . although it 's true that language has published no review of illich - svitych 's books - - the scholar who agreed to review them has not yet submitted the promised review - - research in the same tradition has been reviewed in the journal : see bernard comrie 's review of starostin 's book on altaic and japanese in language 69 : 828-832 ( 1993 ) . the methodological issues involved in the altaic & japanese case are the same as the issues involved in the nostratic case , so i ' m puzzled by the open-letter signers ' apparent belief that the russian approach to these issues has received no attention in language . sarah thomason editor , language
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 831,""Subject: ijcai95 workshop on context in nlp
  
  call for papers ijcai-95 workshop on context in natural language processing august 19 , 20 , or 21 , 1995 montreal , canada correct interpretation of natural language utterances and texts requires linguistic and non-linguistic context . the goal of this workshop is to investigate the nature of context in natural language , its role in natural language processing , and shed some light on this largely unexplored area of great theoretical and practical importance . dialogue and text processing are two application domains where the lack of good theories of context impedes significant progress in applying and developing new technologies . as speech technology matures , it becomes technically feasible to build dialogue systems . however , understanding dialogues , and especially multimodal dialogues , is not possible without some account of the role of context . similarly , with today 's text processing technology it is feasible to automatically create knowledge bases from fairly unconstrained texts such as newspaper archives . ignoring context in such texts , however , results in knowledge bases that are not only very incomplete , but also dramatically different from knowledge bases created by humans , based on the same texts . we invite papers from researchers active in the fields of natural language processing , knowledge representation , and other related areas addressing theoretical aspects of context and their implications for designing practical nlp systems . we are interested in reports on implemented nlp systems utilizing contextual information . we are also interested in knowledge representation systems , inference methods , and algorithms that would allow one to computationally handle specific aspects of context . agenda : our workshop will provide answers and insights into how to go about answering a number of questions , including the following : i : role of context in natural language what is context ? what is """" context of the previous utterance / sentence """" """" context of the dialog-so - far / text-so - far """" and what is the relationship between them ? how many different contexts are there ? what makes two contexts different ? what is the relationship between formalization of context and natural language ideas of context ? what is the status of context in a formal representation aiming at truthfully capturing all the characteristics of natural language ? is context an inherent characteristic of natural language that ultimately decides the formal power of natural language ? is natural language minus context a less powerful formal language ? does representing context and truthfully capturing characteristics of natural language require new knowledge representation or automated reasoning systems ? what is the relationship between context , and the semantics and pragmatics of natural language ? is context different from possible worlds and situations ? what is the relationship between domain ontologies and contexts ? ii : context-dependent interpretation of natural language in which way does context affect interpretation of natural language utterances and texts ? which aspects of context or which contexts result in refined , more general , and different interpretations of natural language ? which aspects of context are explicit and which are implicit in natural language utterances and texts ? which phenomena and inferences observed in natural language are context-independent and which ones always depend on context ? iii : computability does handling context increase or decrease computational complexity of natural language processing ? how to automatically identify context-provided constraints resulting in conveying and understanding additional or different aspects of information ? how to represent those extra constraints provided by context and how to automatically compute context-dependent interpretation of natural language ? should the final interpretation of natural language be decontextualized when stored in a knowledge base ? how can information obtained in one context be utilized in another , possibly unanticipated context ? workshop format : we will hold four sessions : i : role of context in natural language ii : context - dependent interpretation of natural language iii : computability iv : general discussion sessions i , ii , and iii will be mildly structured : first , the committee will present a brief overview of possible answers to the specific questions included in the agenda , and discuss their own answers . this presentation will be mixed with questions from the participants . second , the participants whose papers were accepted will briefly comment on their own answers to these questions . these presentations will also be mixed with questions from the participants . session iv , a general discussion , will give each participant a chance to make a statement about any context-related issue , make a comment , raise a question , argue for or against some answers etc . pre-worshop activities : a pre-workshop mailing list will be established ; please , indicate whether you want to be included ; in order to facilitate interaction and focus the discussion , two months before the workshop , we will provide all the participants with specific examples and data illustrating various aspects of context . authors + titles + abstracts of the accepted papers , but not the papers themselves , will be available on-line to everybody . the papers will only be available to the workshop participants . we hope that this will encourage people to make strong claims even if the support for them is not quite there , report on partial , ongoing , promising research , be frank in evaluating existing approaches and their own accomplishments , openly comment on limitations , in short , say all those ( very ) informative things that are sometimes difficult , if not impossible , to communicate in """" official """" publications . shared data , references , papers and the mailing list are to allow the participants to : - sort out as many as possible things before the workshop - help focusing the workshop discussion on the hardest and most controversial issues - raise objections and bring up controversial claims early on in order to prepare well thought of answers and constructive critique participants : a limited number , 30 or so , active participants will be selected on the basis of submitted papers . a small number , 5 or so , of no-paper - attendance-only participants will also be considered ; such persons should submit a one page research summary and a list of relevant publications . attendees are required to register for the main ijcai-95 conference . schedule / deadlines : very soon mosaic home page for the workshop set 3 . 15 . 95 papers received 4 . 03 . 95 selected papers accepted participants chosen 4 . 05 . 95 acceptance notifications sent to authors sent to ijcai selected papers to be included in the working notes list of confirmed participants request for equipment / room 4 . 15 . 95 mosaic home page for the workshop updated e-mail discussion begins 5 . 01 . 95 distributed to the participants final list of specific issues to be discussed at the workshop references to the existing work on context examples and data illustrating various aspects of context 7 . 15 . 95 final list of participants sent to ijcai 8 . 19 . 95 workshop takes place 12 . 01 . 95 written review of the workshop ready paper format : same as ijcai-95 : 12 pt article latex style 15 pages maximum , including title , abstract , figures , and references the first page must include : title author 's name ( s ) affiliation complete mailing address e-mail address phone / fax number ( s ) abstract of 200 or so words keywords submissions : electronic submissions are strongly preferred : direct : anonymous ftp to ftp . cs . wayne . edu ~ pub / context directory place the postscript or ascii version of your paper , your author + title + abstract ascii file , your references ( bibtex format preferred ) file , and a file with sample data and / or specific examples please , name your files with the name of the first author . for example , john block might place there the following : block . ps a . ps version of his paper block . text an ascii version of his paper if . ps not possible block-a . text an ascii file with authors names , title , and abstract block-r . bbl a bibliography file with references block-e . text an ascii file with sample data and / or specific examples email : lucja @ cs . wayne . edu as the last resort , four hard copies of the paper can be snail mailed to lucja iwanska department of computer science wayne state university detroit , mi 48202 , usa ( 313 ) 577-1667 ( phone ) ( 313 ) 577-2478 ( secretary ) ( 313 ) 577-6868 ( fax ) info about the workshop and the abstracts of the accepted papers is available via a mosaic home page at http : / / www . cs . wayne . edu / context primary contact : should you have any questions or need additional information , please contact lucja iwanska department of computer science wayne state university detroit , mi 48202 lucja @ cs . wayne . edu ( 313 ) 577-1667 ( phone ) ( 313 ) 577-2478 ( secretary ) ( 313 ) 577-6868 ( fax ) program committee : harry c . bunt , kub - university ( netherlands ) keith devlin , saint mary 's college ( usa ) r . v . guha , microelectronics and computer technology corporation ( usa ) lucja iwanska , wayne state university ( usa ) karen jensen , microsoft corporation ( usa ) john mccarthy , stanford university ( usa ) john f . sowa , suny at binghampton ( usa ) wlodek zadrozny , ibm tj watson research center ( usa )
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 832,""Subject: 2nd cfp : kruse symposium : knowledge retrieval , use and storage for
  
  please find below the 2nd cfp for kruse . a postscript version can be ftp ' ed ftp . cs . rmit . edu . au / pub / rmit / peirce / kruse . ps . z also the kruse home page on the world wide web is http : / / www . cs . rmit . edu . au / kruse / regards , gerard - - gerard ellis ged @ cs . rmit . edu . au ph : 61 - 3-660 - 5090 fax : 61 - 3-662 - 1617 rm : 10 . 9 . 11 www : http : / / www . cs . rmit . edu . au / ~ ged computer science dept , royal melbourne institute of technology , gpo box 2476v , melbourne , victoria , 3001 , australia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( cut here ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2nd call for papers international kruse symposium _ _ _ knowledge retrieval , use , and storage for efficiency _ _ _ university of california , santa cruz august 11-13 1995 important dates submission postmark deadline february 13 , 1995 notification of acceptance april 12 , 1995 camera-ready copy june 12 , 1995 theme the symposium will provide a forum for exploring current research in artificial intelligence , cognitive science , and databases that pertains to the organization , encoding and retrieval of logical and complex objects . the symposium will draw together researchers from diverse disciplines as well as practitioners engaged in developing real object-oriented term classification systems . mathematical and graph - theoretic approaches will be favoured over those approaches based on analogy with human cognitive processes , though mathematical discussions of such processes will be appropriate . the basic questions to be addressed include o classification of objects in a taxonomy : systemic classification , semantic indexing , partial-order sorting , description identification , and taxonomy maintenance . o efficient order , lattice , graph , and code theoretic operations on objects : subsumption , generalization , specialization , least common generalization , and greatest common specialization . o advanced uses of taxonomies : knowledge compression , knowledge compilation , and knowledge evolution . o using classified knowledge : classification as problem solving , classification as constraint satisfaction , and exploiting abstraction . o scalable techniques for large object databases o integration of data and knowledge base technologies the symposium will maintain a balance between theoretical issues and descriptions of implemented systems providing a balance between theory and practice . the focus of the symposium is on efficiency of retrieval , use and storage . authors ' information papers may not exceed 15 pages . shorter , substantive papers are welcome . authors are requested to submit five ( 5 ) copies of their paper . alternatively , electronic submissions ( by ftp or email ) of papers ( postscript output ) are encouraged . submission by ftp : please place in ftp . cs . rmit . edu . au incoming directory . authors are further requested to attach title pages to their submissions bearing their names , addresses , telephone numbers , fax numbers and e-mail addresses . in addition , authors are asked to include abstracts of approximately twenty ( 20 ) lines with each paper , and a list of short phrases descriptive of the content . papers must be postmarked on or before monday february 13 , 1995 . address : kruse c / o gerard ellis computer science dept . rmit gpo box 2476v , melbourne , vic 3001 australia email : ged @ cs . rmit . edu . au ph : 61 - 3-660 - 5090 fax : 61 - 3-662 - 1617 organizing committee : veronica dahl ( co - chair ) gerard ellis , rmit ( program chair ) director , logic and functionall computer science dept . programming group royal melbourne univ of technology professor , computing sciences dept . gpo box 2476 , melbourne , vic 3001 simon fraser university australia burnaby , b . c . v5a 1s6 canada veronica @ cs . sfu . ca ged @ cs . rmit . edu . au phone ( 604 ) 291-3372 phone : 61 - 3-660 - 5090 fax ( 604 ) 291-3045 fax : 61 - 3-662 - 1617 andrew fall ( co - chair ) robert levinson ( local arrangements chair ) school of computing science dept . of computer & information sciences simon fraser university 229 applied sciences building burnaby , b . c . v5a 1s6 canada university of california fall @ cs . sfu . ca santa cruz , ca 95064 u . s . a . phone : ( 604 ) 291-4302 levinson @ cis . ucsc . edu fax : ( 604 ) 291-3045 phone : ( 408 ) 429-2087 fax : 459-4829 program committee : mohan ahuja ( usa ) robert levinson ( usa ) hassan ait - kaci ( canada ) patrick lincoln ( usa ) franz baader ( germany ) robert macgregor ( usa ) yves caseau ( france ) deborah mcguinness ( usa ) darrell conklin ( canada ) guy mineau ( canada ) veronica dahl ( canada ) werner nutt ( germany ) francesco donini ( italy ) peter patel - schneider ( usa ) gerard ellis ( australia ) raghu ramakrishnan ( usa ) andrew fall ( canada ) manfred schmidt - schauss ( germany ) brian gaines ( canada ) james schmolze ( usa ) jim hendler ( usa ) gert smolka ( germany ) fritz lehmann ( usa ) leon sterling ( usa ) maurizio lenzerini ( italy ) symposium location the symposium will be held at the university of california , santa cruz in a redwood forest in the santa cruz mountains . the university and conference facilities are retreat style with housing available in family-style apartments residing on the campus . the university is well serviced by buses to downtown santa cruz . the campus , just 10 minutes from the oceanside , overlooks monterey bay , the popular surfing beaches , and you can watch the eagles soar from the birds of prey sanctuary which forms part of the campus . santa cruz is approximately a 90 minute bus ride from san francisco airport and about 45 minutes from san jose . this cfp and the latest information regarding kruse can be found in the world wide web under http : / / www . cs . rmit . edu . au / kruse /
 "",0
 833,""Subject: ausschreibung professur universitaet heidelberg
  
  am sprachwissenschaftlichen institut der universitaet heidelberg ist ab sofort der lehrstuhl fuer allgemeine sprachwissenschaft ( nachfolge prof . dr . klaus heger ) zu besetzen . der bewerber / die bewerberin sollte sich mit den theoretischen und methodologische grundlagen der linguistik nicht nur im rahmen einer einzelsprache , sondern auch im rahmen typologisch unterschiedlicher sprachen beschaeftigt haben . er / sie sollte mit formalen methoden der sprachbeschreibung vertraut sein . seine / ihre forschung soll empirische untersuchungen von teilbereichen des sprachsystems einschliessen , z . b . der semantik . erwartet wird vom zukuenftigen stelleninhaber / der stelleninhaberin die organisation des studienganges allgemeine sprachwissenschaft sowie lehre und pruefungstaetigkeit auf dem gebiet """" empirische und theoretische linguistik """" innerhalb des studienganges computerlinguistik . habilitation oder gleichwertige qualifikation sind voraussetzung . bewerbungen mit den ueblichen unterlagen sind innerhalb von vier wochen zu richten an den dekan der neuphilologischen fakultaet der universitaet heidelberg , hauptstrasse 120 , 69117 heidelberg .
 "",0
 834,""Subject: rate of loss for """" basic """" vocabulary
  
  some months ago there was an extended discussion of the proposal made in the fifties by swadesh that there are certain lists of meanings which have the property that the words expressing them are lost at a fairly constant rate per millennium in all languages , in particular , a certain 100 - meaning list where the rate is around 86 % . while noting that bergsland and vogt have adduced examples where the rate seems to be lower , i pointed out that i had not found any examples where it was clearly higher . jacques guy referred to the eastern greenlandic data discussed by bergsland and vogt in current anthropology in 1962 , but , having just carefully read this paper , i see that they state that , while they surmise that the rate here was higher , they cannot calculate what is was ( presuumably because there are no sources for greenlandic that are old enough ) . moreover , the purely conjectural rate of 72 % which they mention is still low enough for the purposes of the original discussion we were having about this , namely , to assure that in a family with enough ramification there would be a substantial portion of the original vocabulary reflected in at least two descendants after far more than 10 , 000 years ( provided each language was independely losing 28 % of the original vocabulary per millennium ) . i do n't have the numbers handy , but jacques , who is better at this anyway , can probably whip some up . but i should also add that bergsland nd vogt 's data are also consistent with many other assumptions , notably , that the rate of retention in e . greenlandic was 86 % , but that it was substanitally lower in some other eskimo languages ( because all they have is the result that e . greenlandic is as different lexically from w . greenlandic as the two together are from yupik , which makes no sense given the family tree if the rates are the same eveywhere ) . but this could be due to slower vocabulary loss in yupik ( or even in the common ancestror of e . and w . greenlandic , or both ) just as well as to faster loss in e . greenlandic . so there is no justification that i can find for bergsland and vogt 's or guy 's assumption that the """" prolem """" lies in a faster rate of loss in e . greenlandic .
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 835,""Subject: re : 5 . 1462 comparative method
  
  a couple of remarks on recent exchange on comparative method : 1 ) as far as importance of morphology is concerned i believe that alexis is right ( sorry , karl ! ) . it is important , but i think that it would be impossible to insist that only morphological prallels like latin est , sunt and german ist , sind cited by karl teeter can prove relationship . old church slavic has the parallel forms iest # and so ~ t # , perfectly agreeing with karl teeter 's latin and german . however , in modern russian the present of copula dissapeared ( we can still recognize forms like iest ' and sut ' , but they sound bitterly archaic ) : on student ( he [ is ] student ) , oni studenty ( they [ are ] stu - dents ) . let us imagine the situation when the only surviving slavic language is russian and we just do not have old church slavonic materials . does the lack of the paradigm make russian less """" indoeuropean """" than latin or german , or does it make impossible the proof of its ie nature ? i think that the answer is in the negative . second , alexis is certainly right when he says that a refusal to admit lexical evidence will make impossible to prove that mandarin is related to cantonese or that vietnamese is related to khasi . even worse , we won't be able to state that beijing mandarin is related to xi ' an mandarin , or that hanoi vietnamese is related to saigon vietnamese , as nothing resembling est , sunt / ist , sind can be found in these closely related dialects . moreover , we would have to dismantle the families of north and north east asia as well , since their agglutinative morphology also does not exhibit anything of the kind ie does . therefore , continuing this claim logically to its end , we will have to state that there are around 50 unrelated languages in japan alone , because we have no possibility to prove the genetic relationship of various japanese dialects and subdialects , since they do not have a grammar like ie . there are cases when proof of genetic relationship is based mostly on grammar , but there are cases when it rests solely on lexical items , as well as there are lucky cases like ie when one can demonstrate the relatedness on the basis of both grammar and lexicon . absolutization of any of this cases may lead us to dismissal of pretty well established language families . the cases like """" proto _ english - french """" can actually be easily controlled by using basic voca - bulary in lexical comparisons : no matter how many romance words were borrowed b yenglish , its basic vocabulary is still germanic , which can be easily demon - strated , contrary to those who try to label the very idea of basic vocabulary as """" semantic primitive """" . 2 ) geoffrey pullum writes : ) i wonder if it would not be a good idea to hear something - - from the defenders of wide-ranging and large-time - depth comparison , prefererably - - concerning what would count as evidence against a genetic relationship ? the same things as in case of lower-level comparisons : either lack of regular phonetic correspondences , or lack of enough number of cognates , representing basic vocabulary items and / or basic morphological markers , established on the basis of these regular correspondences . this is why i , not being amerindianist myself , cannot believe in amerind : greenberg did not present any correspondences at all , and his whole method of """" mass comparisons """" is in direct violation of traditional and conservative comparative methodology . therefore , i would side with greenberg opponents on this matter . but i believe that it is absolutely unfair to put illich - svitych in one company with greenberg and ruhlen , as geoffrey pullum does in his posting . illich - svitych work starts with charts of phonetic correspondences , which do work regularly throughout his 3 - volume work , and is , therefore , in sharp contrast with greenberg 's """" mass comparisons """" . the whole work , at least in the areas i can judge of ( altaic and uralic ) is done with painstaiking care and accuracy , reflecting the state of the art , contemporary to the time when his work was done ( sixties ) . may be the opponents of long-range compa - rison should at last familiarize themselves with works of illich - svitych , dolgopol 's kii and others , which as i believe represent a successful long-range comparative work ( though it does not necessarily mean that i agree with all illich - svitych 's proposals : many things remain to be done ) , rather then to repeat the groundless allegations in illich - svitych address , and come forward with some concrete arguments against his work , rather than general statements that illich - svitych 's work is like greenberg 's or that there is a ceiling to the comparative method . sincerely , sasha vovin avvovin @ miamiu . acs . muohio . edu
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 836,""Subject: comparative method and geoff pullum
  
  i have a problem : geoff 's posting sounds like it assumes ( a ) that there are only two sides to the issues under discussion and ( b ) that one of them is """" orthodox """" and the other one ( the i am on , apparently ) little short of crazy , the suggestion being that those who defend the idea that there are linguistic relationships to be discovered beyond the ones which were known in 1840 or some such cut-off date ( the so-called """" remote """" or """" distant """" connections ) might go so far as to accept that all of greenberg 's muskogean data are wrong and yet to maintain that muskogean is amerind ( without citing any new data ! ) . i think the reality is quite different . for example , victor golla , karl teeter , and i ( although we have been debating some methodological issues relevant to nostratic ) are actually very close on most issues ( except the ones under discussion , apparently ) and in particular on most issues concerning the proposed amerind grouping . there are lots of historical linguists with different ( and crossclassifying ! ! ) views on these matters ( for example , eric hamp has been widely quoted on his views against nostratic , yet he has been a staunch defender of altaic and of a connection between luoravetlan and eskimo - aleutian ; many of those who like nostratic do not like amerind ; and so on . i think each case deserves to be examined on its merits , the whole idea of contrasting """" orthodox """" ( or """" mainstream """" ) with """" remote """" or """" distant """" comparisons is without foundation and can lead to further needless polarization , and finally i feel that methodological issues and substantive ones should be discussed separately ( and that the latter are the more important , even if the former are often the more seductive ) . and to close on a positive note ( consonant with the spirit of the season ) , if karl teeter and i can reach the point where our major remaining disagreements are ( a ) whether in principle one could or could not write a comparative grammar of anglo - french , and ( b ) whether in fact the work done to date on nostratic is sufficient to taking it as a working hypothesis that at least indo - european , uralic , altaic , kartvelian , and afro - asiatic are related and going further , then i think we have achieved considerable progress ( and i am not even sure we even disagree about these points any more , for as the discussion goes on , more and more mutual misunderstandings seem to disappear ) . there will , of course , remain a lot of hard work to be done , on these and even more on other language families , but i do not see why the inevitable disagreements should be considered any more of a problem than the disagreements within the indo - europeanist community about the different versions of the laryngeal theory or about the glottalic theory , etc .
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 837,""Subject: re : 5 . 1462 comparative method
  
  geoff pullum has raised the question of the null hypothesis with respect to proto - world and long-distance relatedness . i would suggest that the lack of progress in the dispute may be due in part to the conflict between two ways of setting the null hypothesis . a priori , in terms of evoutionary considerations , long range relationships going back to a single ancestor are to be expected : this point has been made by numerous linguists in discussion , if not so often in print . however , methodological considerations force us to set the null hypothesis the other way , since we clearly cannot disprove long-distance relatedness . the problem is analogous to medical disputes : there are plenty of researchers who would like to show once and for all that homeopathy , acupuncture etc . are of no benefit in the treatment of the illnesses for which such effects are claimed . but all that can be said is that we have no scientifically respectable evidence that homeopathy works ( please note that this is a purely methodological point - i do n't want to see linguist cluttered with replies disputing the homeopathic facts ! ) the greenbergian dispute is even less likely to be resolved by disproving long-distance relatedness hypotheses than the homeopathic one , since in the latter case one can at least do controlled trials : while there have been proposals on controlling for chance similarities , there will always be too many variables involved for the greenbergian null hypothesis to be refuted . steve matthews
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 838,""Subject: re : 5 . 1462 comparative method
  
  two quick off-the - cuff responses to messages herein : to geoff pullum , asking what would count as evidence against amerind ( and , presumably , nostratic ) . i can't imagine ; that is just the advantage those folks have . suppose somebody claims , """" there is a god """" . similarly i know no way to disprove the tower of babel story . genetic relationship is a positive fact ; and you gotta accentuate the positive ; languages are or they are not genetically related ; do n't mess with mister in-between . note to alexis , who keeps talking about """" morphological evidence """" where i use the term """" grammar """" . alexis 's usage comes from his quoting meillet - - for meillet the word """" morphologie """" means essentially what we now call grammar , which includes syntax and phonology , and we know more about it than he did ( thanks to chomsky ) . among other things , we know that if proto - nostratic is a language , it has a grammar . merry xmas , karl
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 839,""Subject: re : 5 . 1462 comparative method
  
  geoffrey pullum writes : ) i wonder if it would not be a good idea to hear something - - ) from the defenders of wide-ranging and large-time - depth comparison , ) preferably - - concerning what would count as evidence against a genetic ) relationship ? well , what is known about how various hypotheses of relationship were rejected in the past ? at one time , it was believed that tai was part of sino - tibetan ; nobody believes this now . on what basis did those learned in the art shift their paradigms ( to mix a few metaphors ) ? i know very little about either language family , but the resemblances between them ( tones , monosyllabicity , the great tone split ) are seductive . i think it would be instructive to hear , from someone who knows the history , just how these faux amis came to be disregarded . john cowan sharing account ( lojbab @ access . digex . net ) for now e ' osai ko sarji la lojban .
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 840,""Subject: comparative syntax
  
  on mon , 12 dec 94 21 : 04 : 31 est ( amr @ ares . cs . wayne . edu ) wrote : ) subject : comparative syntax ) while i really like most of what scott delancey had to say about ) syntactic reconstruction usually being based on clues buried in ) the morphology ( or morphophonology ) , i do n't think this is always ) the case . there is a rather famous example involving a rule of ) ancient greek and one variety of old iranian ( the languages of ) the gatha 's , i seem to recall ) , whereby a neuter pl . subject ) triggers sg . agreement on a verb , a pattern which is often ) reconstructed for the proto-language because , as i understand it , ) of its apparent oddity . this reconstruction is not logically ) dependent , i do n't believe , on the identity of the actual morphemes ) marking gender , number , and person in these languages . ) ) i would think that there are many such quirks of syntax which ) could be the basis of a reconstruction . the phenomenon mentioned for ancient greek - - that can apply as well to latin - - does n't appear to be a ( < quirk of syntax ) > . rather than being _ apparently odd _ and motivated by a _ rule _ of invariable agreement , it should be regarded as a ( < quirk of meaning ) > . while neuter pl . subjects , still showing in ancient greek and latin evidence of an ancient collective case , have * usually * triggered sg . agreement on a verb , numerous examples show that this pseudo rule was n't always observed , and that semantic considerations , most of the time - - moreover , metrical reasons for poets - - , have governed the agreement ( syllepsis ) . thus i do not believe ( < quirks of syntax [ at least this one in particular ] could be the basis of a reconstruction ) > . la plupart sont d ' accord , n ' est-ce pas ? ( not literally : what about french ? ) regards , philippe l . valiquette universite laval , dep . linguistique ( phlcvali @ vm1 . ulaval . ca ) ( philippe . valiquette @ lli . ulaval . ca )
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 841,""Subject: sum : clitic doubling in spanish
  
  to the linguist readers , some weeks ago , i posted a query about clitic doubling in spanish . i received a very useful response , so i would like to thank : jairo morais nunes alan huffman josemina magdalen philip elliot jelly julia de jong jerzy kowal joel nevis cynthia vakareliyska jose miguel gon ~ i menayo almeida jacqueline toribio david gohre dan everett my best regards , rocio , rocio jimenez , rjimenez @ mailbox . syr . edu . - - - - - - - - - andrews , """" unification and morphological blocking """" , nllt : 8 , 4 , 1990 , pp . 507-557 . borer , hagit . parametric syntax . case studies in semitic & romance languages . dordrecht - holland : foris publications , 1984 . bresnan , joan and sam ~ a . mchombo . 1987 . topic , pronoun , and agreement in chiche . language , 63 ( 4 ) : 741-782 . bresnan , joan and lioba moshi . 1990 . object asymmetries in comparative bantu syntax . linguistic inquiry , 21 ( 2 ) : 147-186 . franco , jon andoni . on object agreement in spanish . dissertation , university of southern california , 1993 . garcia , erica . the role of theory in linguistics analysis : the spanish pronoun system . amsterdam : north - holland publishing company , 1975 . grimshaw , jane . 1982 . subcategorization and grammatical relations . in a . zaenen , ed . bloomington , ind . : indiana university linguistics club . issues and theory in romance linguistics . selected papers from the linguistic symposium on romance languages xxiii . 1993 . georgetown university press . washington , dc . jaeggli , osvaldo . topics in romance syntax . dordrecht - holland : foris publications , 1982 . montalbetti , mario . 1981 . consistency and clitics . ms . , massachusetts institue of technology . roberge , yves . the syntactic recoverability of null arguments . mcgill - queen 's university press , 1990 . sunner , nllt 6 ( 1988 ) . vakareliyska , cynthia . """" na - drop in bulgarian """" , journal of slavic linguistics 2 ( 1 ) : 121-150 ( 1994 ) .
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 842,""Subject: final call for scil vii
  
  f i n a l c a l l f o r p a p e r s seventh annual student conference in linguistics scil 1995 call for papers university of connecticut , storrs , ct april 8 - 9 , 1995 students are invited to submit abstracts for 30 minute talks ( 20 minute presentation plus 10 minutes for questions ) in all areas of theoretical linguistics , including language acquisition and psycholinguistic studies . students may submit one individual and one joint abstract . please send the following by january 3 , 1995 ( abstracts received after this date will not be considered ) : - six copies of an anonymous abstract , no more than two pages in length , with 1 """" margins and 12 point font ; the second page should not be limited to data and references . and - a 3 """" x 5 """" card with the title of the paper , name and affiliation of author ( s ) , mailing address ( es ) , phone number ( s ) and e-mail address ( es ) . email submissions will be allowed to : linqadm5 @ uconnvm . bitnet or linqadm5 @ uconnvm . uconn . edu . please send all other submissions to : scil7 , university of connecticut , department of linguistics , 341 mansfield rd , u-145 , storrs , ct 06269-1145 . if you have any questions , please do n't hesitate to contact us at the above email or post addresses , or call ( 203 ) 486-4229 .
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 843,""Subject: comparative method
  
  just as morris halle once pointed out that any phonological system could be analyzed as having two phonemes , so too it seems clear that any two languages , related or not , could have a reconstruction done for them , involving both a set of correspondences among the words or morphemes and a comparative grammar . and just as in fact a phonology with only two phonemes would be just a formal excersise and not a real phonology , so too the """" reconstruction """" i am referring to would have no validity unless the languages really are related ( or in the case of mixed languages , unless the relevant parts were related ) . but the formal possibility is important to the following extent : it shows that we cannot assume that the ability to write a comparative grammar is either necessary or sufficient for showing that the languages in question are related . it is the ability to write a convincing comparative gramm ` r that is significant here , but by the same token language relatedness can be sjown by establishing a convincing set of correspodences between suitable sets of words or morphemes of the languages being compared . i will even conceded that it is harder , in general , to be convincing in the case of a comparative grammar than it is in the case of a set of correspondences ( since the former would seem to include the latter plus a lot more ) . but what no one has yet shown here or anywhere else is that the only way to establish language relatedness is by writing a complete comparative grammar , and even meillet conceded by 1925 that you cannot even demand a fragment of a grammar because there are perfectly well-established families where this either has not been or indeed cannot be done . it is another matter 9and ultimately a more interesting one ) that significant amount of grammatical comparison ( though not a whole grammar ) has been offered for nostratic ( a theory i find likely though perhaps not yet established ) as well as for amerind ( a theory which i find basically as unsupported as do karl and victor , for example ) . and it is perhaps not uninteresting that illich - svitych proposed to write a nostratic comparative grammar but never did , much as sapirpromised to write one for uto - aztecan but failed to ( though we should in all fairness note that sapir lived for another two decades , whereas illich - svitych died without even finishing the lexical and morphemic comparisons which are the bulk of the evidence that we have in the public domain for nostratic ) . this is no criticism of sapir , of course , if we agree that there was no need to write a comparatve grammar of uto - aztecan in order for everybody to be able to see that the uto - aztecan languages are related . just as there is no need for this in the case of nostratic 9and indeed given the age of proto - nostratic , if there was such a language , it seems unlkikely that we will ever have more than a very partial grammar
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 844,""Subject: """" syntax and the comparative method
  
  concerning syntax and the comparative method : if i understand it correctly , amr @ ares . cs . wayne . edu ( no name ) apparently believes that under certain circumstances one can indeed use syntax as part of the comparative method and cites among other things , the case of a neuter plural in classical greek and old iranian used with a verb in the singular and its possible implications for a similar structure in the proto - language . while i do in theory believe that a particular construction can indeed survive the ravages of time and give us clues to the syntax of earlier levels , this must always be the last criterium we apply and can almost never be used as a sort of proof - unless of course , ( i believe scott de lancey mentioned it , but i ' m not sure ) we can show that , for example , all ergative case endings ( i believe the example was tibeto - burman ) can be traced back to a common form and the morphology , when reconstructed from the 'd aughter ' languages , conclusively points , in this case , to an ergative ' mother ' language . otherwise , john cowan seems to have summed it up best , citing robbin burling 's book : man 's many voices . . . just as every language at one point or another borrows lexemes from another langauge , there are literally thousands of examples of langauges borrowing syntactic constructions from other languages , whether substrats or not - even english has a good share of these borrowings . we cannot forget that an extremely large portion of the world 's population is by necessity bi - or tri-lingual , many of whom cannot even read their own native language , not to mention the other ( s ) or have any kind of linguistic training or sensiti - vity and would therefore pay much attention as to what language a particular construction comes from . there are also the famous ' sprachbunds ' , such as the balkan area and to a certain extent south asia , where through everyday necessity , a large part of the population speaks at least two langauges , as was shown in the case of the village along the maharastra - mysore boundary , ( mentioned by john cowan above ) where one can translate word-for - word from one language into another , although the languages are not - strictly speaking - related . in this case , though , it does n't even seem to make sense to speak of language families . in my opinion , the only possible connection is that of language contact or sprachbund . maybe that is part of the problem - what are ' related ' languages , anyway ? we must also remember that this process has undoubtedly been going on ever since people could speak . it would n't be difficult to propose , going back to our starting point , a theoretical language contact area for greek and iranian . for example , georgian , at least the modern language , only uses the plural verb for humans . although objects can appear in the plural , the verb appears in the singular . as there have always been greek ' colonies ' throughout the region , one could just as well assume a kind of sprachbund for the whole region at that time , which would be even easier as we know so little about the pre-historic era in that region , making it difficult to disprove . even today , there are certain ' areal ' characteristics such as evidential perfects , and many languages are , or have been at one point , split ergative in the region stretching from nepal to the caucusus , etc . seen in this light , then , we can't really speak of the ' oddity ' of the construction with a neutral plural taking a verb in the singular , which , by the way , in my opinion at least , does have a certain semantic justification and is by no means ' odd ' . concerning indo - aryan , the comparative method applied to syntax would certainly give us the ( wrong ) conclusion that vedic sanskrit was a split-ergative language , as all modern indo - aryan languages except standard oriya and begali ( and assamese ? ) are either ergative or split - ergative languages , and many dialects of these three langauges are also split-ergative languages . as there are several hundred ia ' langauges ' , would n't we be forced to assume that this goes back to the parent language ? but there is also a problem here with the traditional method . we have ( to a large extent ) cognate endings for the ergative case . so why is n't vedic a split-ergative language ? because we have gone back too far . split ergativity is part of the ' parent ' language , but this is presumably to be found in middle indic . for a language family about which we know next to nothing , then , this would certainly lead to tremendous errors . so , it seems to me that , although there are indeed useful insights to be gained by looking at the syntax , it should , as i stated earlier , always be the last criterium , if used at all , in arguing for a kind of genetic relationship . when we have no written history of the peoples of the area , very little in the way of documented sound changes , etc . , we simply cannot say anything yet about the syntactic structure of the proto-language . that will undoubtedly come about in the course of time , but it is just one of many features , none of which alone can ' prove ' anything , except perhaps contact . if there are enough of the ' unlikely ' correspondences ( i . e . ' ist / sind ' and ' est / sunt ' ) , then one can speak with relative security of a genetic relationship , whatever that exactly means . john peterson , kiel , germany
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 845,""Subject: re : 5 . 1468 comparative method
  
  in response to lloyd anderson 's looooong and interesting disquisition in 5 . 1468 i have the impulse , which i hope the editors of the list will allow , to introduce a light touch ( something i once tried to do at the haas festival conference when discussing my field work , and was excoriated for ) . in reading from lloyd how greenberg had this """" single flexible flap in his notebook bearing the language names , and sheets which he matched up against that to enter data for particular lexical items . this is a mechanism subject to errors . . . """" this brings to mind an anecdote i have heard several times , never daring to ask chas hockett if it were true , in whole or part : when bloomfield was doing menomini , in the 1920s when paper was expensive and linguists were paid even more poorly than now , bloomfield compensated by using each 3x5 slip four times , thus getting maximum entries with minimal use of paper . when his notes were handed on to hockett , in cardboard file boxes of slips all carefully alphabetized , it is said that the movers dropped one box and its slips fell out . . . the rest is best left to imagination , which may be the source of the whole story , for all i know . but i wanted to pass it on in the hope of relieving the tedium i feel from time to time . sorry , folks . yours , karl
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 846,""Subject: re : 5 . 1484 comparative syntax
  
  since chet creider 's posting of 8 dec rightly corrected some misinformation i gave in my off-the - top-of - the-head posting about karamojong , i decided to make amends by doing a little research ( very little ) to check the rest of what i said . consider it a xmas gift . below is the relevant section of recent nilo - saharan classification ( sudanic : nilotic ) . it 's basically the same as greenberg ( 1963 ) with some refinements in further branching but no rearrangement of limbs . east sudanic has four branches , including eastern and western , then nilotic with three branches , including west , east and south . karamojong belongs to the east branch of the nilotic branch of east sudanic . it is therefore classified as closer to maasai ( maa - lotuko branch ) and bari ( bari branch ) than to the lwo branch of the west branch of nilotic , but no closer to kalenjin , a group in the south branch ( e . g . , nandi ) than to the west branch . the following is a relatively recent classification , such as found in schadeberg 's ( 1981 ) article on nilo - saharanisch . central sudanic : moru - madi - lugbara etc east sudanic : eastern : nubian western : tama , daju kuliak : ik , so nilotic : west : ( some call it north nilotic ) burun : idem nuer - dinka : idem lwoo : north : shilluk , anwak south : achooli , luo east : ( some call it central nilotic ) bari : bari , kakwa etc maa - lotuko : maasai etc teso - turkana : karamojong , jie etc south : kalenjin : nandi - markweta : nandi , tuken elgon : sapiny , pok okiek / dorobo : sogoo etc datoga : etc beside the bewildering array of east and west branches of branches down the sudanic line i can trace my inaccuracy to conolly 's mention of jie . as a language , jie , along with karamojong and various other languages such as teso , are part of the teso - turkana branch of east nilotic . however , in an earlier classification , e . g . , crazzolara ( 1938 ) , jii is the name used for west nilotic ( or at least the current lwo and nuer - dinka branches ) . jii means """" people """" ( or """" ordinary people """" ) in most of the west nilotic languages , hence the classificational name . the dinka call themselves """" jieng ' """" . i suspect that the east nilotic jie ( also spelled """" jiye """" ) is the same word , but i have n't checked if the jie actually call themselves that . african language nomenclature is full of terms not used by the speakers themselves ( but often by sarcastic neighbors , so that , for example , while the dinka evidently see no stigma in their autonym , the achooli use the term somewhat like english uses the term """" the masses """" , cf . hoi polloi ) . just for fun let 's see how accurate what i said was about the numbers from one to ten are . we do n't need six through nine , because they are compounds of five plus numbers under five . the data for most languages are restricted to what i happened to have within reach without doing library research . however , the data for bari and teso ( ateso , in my experience ) are from transcriptions of recordings i made a long time ago in east africa before i even knew how these languages were classified . i do n't have published linguistic data on hand for them . in all cases i have simplified orthography for typographical ease ( losing information ) . for example , the """" h """" following a vowel refers to the retracted ( lax - sounding ) tongue root position of that vowel . the nilotic languages have complex vowel systems with """" tense """" and """" lax """" subsystems . of course , lexical numbers by themselves do not prove anything about genetic af finities . nevertheless , some interesting patterns emerge to compare with the currently accepted classification scheme . west nilotic : achooli anwak luo dinka nuer 1 ace : hl achyehloh achiel tok kehl 2 aryo : h areahu ariyo rou rahu 3 adeek adahgoh adehk diak dyohk 4 ang ' we : hn ang ' wehnoh ang ' wen ng ' wan ng ' wan 5 abiic abiyuh abihch dhiec dye : ch 10 apaar apar apar thiaar wahl the first consonant in ' 5 ' seems to be diagnostic of the distinctness of nuer - dinka from the lwoo group . otherwise , dinka ' 1 ' is wierd , and so is the first consonant of dinka ' 10 ' ( cf . dinka - nuer ' 5 ' ) , but not much wierder than a comparison of indo - european numbers ( cf . germanic ' 4 - 5 ' or slavic ' 9-10 ' ) . reconstruction is not difficult , although you do n't have an accurate transcription of the vowel distinctions ( or tone ) . east and south ( nandi ) nilotic : ( afro - asiatic : cushitic ) bari teso maasai nandi somali 1 kyeling ' diopeti - bo akenge kow ( southern also ' hal ' ) 2 morehk iyere - re aeng lamma 3 msala : iu ~ li - uni somok siddah 4 ingwan iwong ' wahn - ong ' uan angwan afar 5 mukanad ikany imiet mut shan 10 pwahk itomony tomon taman tommon the numbers ' 2 ' and ' 4 ' are consistent with west nilotic . otherwise , lexicon appears to be areally defined . first maasai and nandi seem to have a cognate for west nilotic ' 5 ' . however , maasai is classified with bari and teso as east nilotic . thus , bari and teso seem to share an innovation for ' 5 ' which does not extend to maasai or south nilotic . meanwhile the cognacy of bari ' 3 ' with teso and maasai is questionable , and nandi ' 3 ' is beyond the pale . interestingly , my data for bari has ' 10 ' as given , while greenberg gives bari ' 10 ' as """" mere """" in one of his mass cognate sets ( p . 106 ) . """" pwahk """" fits in with the west nilotic set , but presumably g 's data comes from a published source . ( i have n't loo ked at my data since i transcribed it - - several decades , but i relistened to my bari tape to make sure i had n't transposed the word for ' 10 ' with some other word like ' toothbrush ' . ) by the way , teso is closely related to karamojong so i would expect the numbers to be similar , including the cushitic loan for ' 10 ' , but with doubts about whether karamojong ' 5 ' would follow the maasai or bari - teso pattern . ( gotta go to the library for this one . any volunteers ? ) the word for ' 10 ' in the other east and south nilotic languages was recognised by g as a loan from somali or one of the mutually intelligible galla languages of cushitic . that 's why i gave the somali numbers above . easy to see it would be a lot more difficult to argue for somali as nilotic than for the other languages [ uhm , if their other lexical correspondences behave like their numbers - - which they do . . . g actually uses the example of cushitic multiple of ten in maasai in his arguments against meinhof 's nilo - hamitic hypothesis . cushitic was part of """" hamitic """" in the older terminology ( """" afro - asiatic """" is g 's coinage for older """" semito - hamitic """" ) . . note nubian ' 10 ' below . . thus , g has been as sharp to use arguments about borrowing against his opponents as have his opponents against him . what to do ? east sudanic central sudanic nubian lugbara 1 we : rum aluh 2 awum iri 3 toskum na 4 kemsum su 5 dijum towi 10 dimnum muhdri wow ! numbers do n't help unite nubian as a branch of east sudanic with nilotic . obviously other criteria were used . for superifical impression nubian ' 10 ' looks promising as cognate with south and most of east nilotic , and maybe it is , but that card has already been played non-genetically above - - and with good reason . . g , p106 again , compares bari ' 10 ' """" mere """" with khordofan nubian """" bure """" for the same ) . as central sudanic , lugbara might be expected by the naive to be even more different from nilotic than nubian , but the numbers do n't show that . g uses lugbara ' 2 ' in his mass cognate sets for the unity of central and east sudanic . interestingly , he also uses dinka ' 1 ' , the wierd one for west nilotic , in the same mass cognate sets - - for comparison with ' 10 ' in some central sudanic groups . lots of interesting claims there , e . g . , the most common west nilotic word for """" one """" is not proto - west nilotic , let alone proto - nilotic ( despite the suggestiveness of bari and nandi ' 1 ' above ) . g could be right , for all i know . anyway , i ' m just as interested in the areal cross-currents as in the hypotheses about genetic relationships . thus , other implications emerge from g 's mass comparison s , e . g . , the pan - nilotic word for ' 4 ' must be an areal innovation ( maybe in proto - nilotic ) since it does not occur elsewhere in nilo - saharan , or in any other known language group for that matter . so , ok . we have some pretty strong hypotheses . i have n't followed nilo - saharan studies closely , though nubian , but the numbers do n't show that . g uses lugbara ' 2 ' in his mass cognate sets for the unity of central and east sudanic . interestingly , he also uses dinka ' 1 ' , the wierd one for west nilotic , in the same mass cognate sets - - for comparison with ' 10 ' in some central sudanic groups . lots of interesting claims there , e . g . , the most common west nilotic word for """" one """" is not proto - west nilotic , let alone proto - nilotic ( despite the suggestiveness of bari and nandi ' 1 ' above ) . g could be right , for all i know . anyway , i ' m just as interested in the areal cross-currents as in the hypothese about genetic relationships . thus , other implications emerge from g 's mass comparisons , e . g . , the pan - nilotic word for ' 4 ' must be an areal innovation ( maybe in proto - nilotic ) since it does not occur elsewhere in nilo - saharan , or in any other known language group for that matter . so , ok . we have some pretty strong hypotheses . i have n't followed nilo - sahara n studies closely , though west african niger - congo ( actually the benue - kwa grou p of niger - congo ) . greenberg ( 1963 ) notes that westermann also used the label for various east sudanic languages ( w had done some fieldwork on nilotic ) , beli eving that they were related to the west african niger - congo ( i . e . """" sudanic """" ) l anguages . since i have come across occasional grumblings , begrudging g 's niger - congo hypothesis as lifted from westermann , it is fair to mention that g had t o separate w 's beliefs about """" niger - congo """" from his beliefs about """" sudanic """" . w was , of course , not influential in his beliefs about east sudanic anyway , as t he nilo - hamitic hypothesis was the more influential theory , given the ritual fa scination of european civilisation with its debt to ancient egypt and the near east , until g came along . anyway , to this day there is east and central sudani c , but after g no * west sudanic . in sum , the unity of west nilotic would be evident to even the most rigorous ne o - grammarians , and was , west african niger - congo ( actually the benue - kwa group of niger - congo ) . greenberg ( 1963 ) notes that westermann also used the label fo r various east sudanic languages ( w had done some fieldwork on nilotic ) , believ ing that they were related to the west african niger - congo ( i . e . """" sudanic """" ) lan guages . since i have come across occasional grumblings , begrudging g 's niger - c ongo hypothesis as lifted from westermann , it is fair to mention that g had to separate w 's beliefs about """" niger - congo """" from his beliefs about """" sudanic """" . w w as , of course , not influential in his beliefs about east sudanic anyway , as the nilo - hamitic hypothesis was the more influential theory , given the ritual fasc ination of european civilisation with its debt to ancient egypt and the near ea st , until g came along . anyway , to this day there is east and central sudanic , but after g no * west sudanic . in sum , the unity of west nilotic would be evident to even the most rigorous ne o - grammarians , and was , of them do not practice the selective circularity metho d which g 's method is best equipped to attack . they do not seem to be in a hur ry or even primarily concerned with lumping languages into deeper and deeper pr oto-families . these were , after all , more primary concerns for the use of ling uistic data in the """" history-explains / justifies-everything """" intellectual climate of the 19th century . given the current emphasis on typological detail and uni versals , and the counter-concern with cultural relativity and composite cultura l uniqueness , at least as cherished by amerindists as by any other linguists be cause of the amerindist anthropological tradition , accuracy of data is a paramo unt concern , even if errors are overwhelmed by reliable facts in drawing """" big p ictures """" by the mass comparison method . so , g 's final destination may be a bump on the road for amerindists , or even a different road leading in a different d irection , and an unwelcome distraction - - like a flat tire . benji
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 847,""Subject: 
  
  call for papers to the workshop connectionist - symbolic integration : from unified to hybrid approaches to be held at ijcai ' 95 montreal , canada august 19-20 , 1994 there has been a considerable amount of research in integrating connectionist and symbolic processing . while such an approach has clear advantages , it also encounters serious difficulties and challenges . therefore , various models and ideas have been proposed to address various problems and aspects in this integration . there is a growing interest from many segments of the ai community , ranging from expert systems , to cognitive modeling , to logical reasoning . two major trends can be identified in the state of the art : these are the unified or purely and the hybrid approaches to integration . whereas the purely connectionist ( """" connectionist-to - the-top """" ) approach claims that complex symbol processing functionalities can be achieved via neural networks alone , the hybrid approach is premised on the complementarity of the two paradigms and aims at their synergistic combination in systems comprising both neural and symbolic components . in fact , these trends can be viewed as two ends of an entire spectrum . up till now , overall , there is still relatively little work in comparing and combining these fairly isolated efforts . this workshop will provide a forum for discussions and exchanges of ideas in this area , to foster cooperative work . the workshop will tackle important issues in integrating connectionist and symbolic processing . a tentative schedule day 1 : a . introduction : * invited talks these talks will provide an overview of the field and set the tone for ensuing discussions . * theoretical foundations for integrating connectionist and symbolic processing b . definition of the two approaches : * do they exhaust the space of current research in connectionist-symbolic integration , or is there room for additional categories ? * how do we compare the unified and hybrid approaches ? * do the unified and hybrid approaches constitute a clearcut dichotomy or are they just endpoints of a continuum ? * what class of processes and problems is well-suited to unified or hybrid integration ? the relevant motivations and objectives . * what type of model is suitable for what type of application ? enumerate viable target domains . c . state of the art : * recent or ongoing theoretical or experimental research work * implemented models belonging to either the unified or hybrid approach * practical applications of both types of systems research addressing key issues concerning : * the unified approach : theoretical or practical issues involving systematicity , compositionality and variable binding , biologically inspired models , connectionist knowledge representation , other high-level connectionist models . * the hybrid approach : modes and methods of coupling , task sharing between various components of a hybrid system , knowledge representation and sharing . * both : commonsense reasoning , natural language processing , analogical reasoning , and more generally applications of unified and hybrid models . day 2 : d . cognitive aspects : * cognitive plausibility and relations to other ai paradigms * in cognitive modeling , why should we integrate connectionist and symbolic processing ? * is there a clear cognitive rationale for such integration ? ( we may need to examine in detail some typical areas , such as commonsense reasoning , and natural language processing ) * is there psychological and / or biological evidence for existing models ? if so , what is it ? e . open research issues : * can we now propose a common terminology with precise definitions for both approaches to connectionist-symbolic integration and for the location on the continuum ? * how far can unified systems go ? can unified models be supplemented by hybrid models ? can hybrid models be supplanted by unified models ? * limitations and barriers faced by both approaches * what breakthroughs are needed for both approaches ? * is it possible to synthesize various existing models ? workshop format - panel discussions - mini-group discussions : participants will break into groups of 7 / 8 to discuss a given theme ; group leaders will then form a panel to report on group discussions and attempt a synthesis with audience participation - interactive talks : this is a novel type of oral presentation we will experiment with . instead of a classical presentation , the speaker will present a problem or issue and give a brief statement of his personal stand ( 5 min ) to launch discussions which he will then moderate and conclude . - classical slide talks followed by q / a and discussions . workshop co - chairs : frederic alexandre , crin - cnrs / inria - lorraine ron sun , the university of alabama organizing committee : john barnden , new mexico state university steve gallant , belmont research inc . larry medsker , american university christian pellegrini , university of geneva noel sharkey , sheffield university program committee : lawrence bookman ( sun laboratory , usa ) michael dyer ( ucla , usa ) wolfgang ertel ( frw , germany ) limin fu ( university of florida , usa ) jose gonzalez - cristobal ( upm , spain ) ruben gonzalez - rubio ( university of sherbrooke , canada ) jean - paul haton ( crin - inria , france ) melanie hilario ( university of geneva , switzerland ) abderrahim labbi ( imag , france ) ronald yager ( iona college , usa ) schedule : - the submission deadline for participants is february 1 , 1995 . - the authors and potential participants will be notified the acceptance decision by march 15 , 1995 . - the camera-ready copies of working notes papers will be due on april 15 , 1995 submission : - if you wish to present a talk , specify the preferred type of presentation ( classical or interactive talk ) and submit 5 copies of an extended abstract ( within the limit of 5 - 7 pages ) to : ron sun department of computer science the university of alabama tuscaloosa , al 35487 rsun @ cs . ua . edu ( 205 ) 348-6363 - if you only wish to attend the workshop , send 5 copies of a short ( no more than one page ) description of your interest to the same address above . - please be sure to include your e-mail address in all submissions .
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 848,""Subject: shareware mac concordance program available
  
  i am making available a shareware concordance program for the macintosh called monoconc . the program is somewhat slow ( about 70 hits a minute ) , but it handles the basics . monoconc works with text-only files and produces a concordance in a """" key word in context """" format . the search term can be a word ( or part of a word , e . g . linguist * ) or a phrase . the resulting concordance can be sorted 1r ( first right ) , 1l , 2r , and 2l . the amount of context shown in the concordance lines can be adjusted , and clicking on a particular concordance line will bring half a dozen or so lines from the original text into a context window . in addition , a collocation screen gives the number of occurrences of all the words occurring in positions 3l , 2l , 1l , 1r , 2r , and 3r . it is possible to exclude certain words ( e . g . , function words ) from the count . there is also a simple graphical representation of the main collocates . the concordance and collocation results can be saved to a file or printed . i plan to post the program to a couple of ftp sites . ( if you are reading this in january 1995 , then you can try ftping to rice university at ftp . rice . edu . the program will be in the folder pub or pub \ linguistics . alternatively , in the new year you can try john lawler 's linguistics archive at the university of michigan . ) the program ( on a disk ) and a manual can also be purchased from athelstan ( 800-598 - 3880 ) . for those who would like a copy of the program before christmas , i can send a binhex version ( about 1400k ) via email - - assuming i do n't get too many requests . michael barlow barlow @ ruf . rice . edu
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 849,""Subject: open letter to * language *
  
  sally 's posting in response to the open letter indicates that * language * has decided to have illich - svitych 's book reviewed . that is good news - - unless this refers merely to the fact that late in 1990 or early in 1991 she asked eric hamp to do a review , which to my knowlege he declined to do . if indeed eric hamp is now going to review the book , i will be delighted . but it is not the case ( as some have charged ) that the open letter was written in spite of the fact that the signers knew , or could have found out , that a review was in the works . we were informed that hamp had declined . as recently as march 7 , 1994 , the language advisory committee seemed to have no knowledge of such a review . in response to an appeal from me , the committee urged that * language * do something on this issue , but in july * language * informed me that it would not . this , together with the fact that the incoming editor of * language * told me that he would have to stand by his predecessor 's decision ( something i can quite sympathize with ) is what prompted not just me but a number of distinguished members of the linguistic society to resort to the idea of an open letter . far from wishing to be divisive , i ( and others ) have tried since 1990 to address what we perceived to be a major omission , and to address it without public fanfare . however , this has had no effect . i report this with all due respect to the achievements of * language * under sally 's editorship , respect which i am sure is widely shared . it seems to me that a request that she change an editorial decision can in no way harm that distinguished record . alexis manaster ramer p . s . since the original posting , the following people have asked to have their names added to the signatories of the letter : edith moravcsik sebastian shaumyan david stampe daniel radzinski lloyd b . anderson - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - moderators ' message : we are taking the unaccustomed step of commenting on a discussion , because it 's christmas and we would love to encourage peace on ( the linguistic ) earth if we could . with regard to a review of illich - svitych 's work , all parties agree that : a ) * language * commissioned a review in 1991 b ) the original review is now unlikely to come in to us , these facts suggest both that ( a ) * language * acted fairly in soliciting discussion of nostratic and ( b ) the signers of the open letter acted in good faith in requesting another review . the linguistic issue here is the merit ( or non-merit ) of the book . if subscribers would like to address this issue after the break , we ' ll be happy to post such messages . otherwise , this discussion is closed . peace ! helen & anthony postscript : since it 's difficult to discuss a book no one has read , we would like to remind you that the book was announced on linguist as """" available for discussion . """" contact the review editor for a copy if you qualify as a reviewer .
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 850,""Subject: fonts
  
  + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | this has been sent to a couple of | | lists , so i apologize in advance if | | anybody receives multiple copies . | + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + hello , i am trying to create a repository of fonts for writing in indigenous languages . i want to include both native orthographies and ipa fonts . ( i get a lot of requests for both of these types of fonts , and i see requests for information on the list , too . ) i am interested in ftp sites for obtaining public domain / shareware fonts , along with addresses , etc . of people or organizations that create fonts for sale ( the copyrighted fonts - - the ones you can ' t copy freely ) . i will compile a list of where to get the ftp fonts , and a separate section with a listing of who provides which copyrighted fonts , and how to obtain them . i will also download the fonts from ftp sites , and pass them on to whoever asks for them . one of the problems i encounter when i try to read the work of others , is the usage of different orthographies by different people . i would like to see a common ( within each language ) orthography for each of the languages we all study - - the smaller language groups quite often do n't have a common orthography . ( i do n't know if such a thing is even possible ; there may be too much disagreement on what a font for language _ _ _ _ _ should look like . we seem to disagree on just about every other topic , but that 's healthy , i think . ) if i could develop a repository for fonts , then , for example , i could write a paper about the cahuilla language and e-mail the paper anywhere in the world along with the font ( s ) necessary to read / print the paper . ( copyrighted fonts would have to be purchased from the source . ) others could do the same with """" their """" languages . often , when writing papers , and quoting the works of others , i need to write using a non-standard font , so i need to make it myself , then go back to my writing . i have n't counted them , but i have a bunch of partial fonts for many languages , both orthography and ipa . however , these partially completed fonts are based on books written as far back as the 1800s . i seriously doubt that they represent current writing systems . i do n't want to step on anybody 's toes , but i can develop a font for any language out there . i can do both truetype and postscript fonts for both the pc and macs . however , if somebody else has already done the work , it makes sense to use their fonts . why re-invent the wheel ? as far as naming the fonts i ' ve created , i ' ve been using the three-letter language codes from _ ethnologue : languages of the world _ , ed . barbara f . grimes , 12th ed . , 1992 . for example , my cahuilla orthography is c-chl . ttf ( truetype for pc ) , and my cahuilla ipa is c-chl - p . ttf . i recently responded to jan tent 's posting about yesterday , today , and tomorrow words . i sent her words in north american indian languages . she wrote back asking about some of the symbols i had used . if a common font set was available , i could have e-mailed her a font for her computer , and she could have read my reply with the native orthography and ipa pronunciations in the document i sent . to me , it seems that this would be useful to people . i 'd like to hear others ' opinions about such a project ( in addition to where to ftp or buy fonts ) . i would especially like to hear from the indigenous language speakers on this list , in addition to the linguists . so send me your information and opinions , even if the opinion is , """" chuck , you ' re an idiot . scrap the whole idea . """" i ' ll post a summary to the list if there 's enough interest , otherwise i ' ll respond personally . if you need a font for a language you ' re working on , let me know that , too . happy holidays , chuck coker work : ( 909 ) 882-2099 ( united states ) home : ( 909 ) 886-5035 ( united states ) e-mail : cjcoker @ csupomona . edu = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = there have been no dragons in my life , only small spiders and stepping in gum . i could have coped with the dragons . - - anonymous ( but wise )
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 851,""Subject: list of language lists version 1 . a
  
  the loll is now available by anonymous ftp to midir . ucd . ie in / pub / everson . michael everson school of architecture , ucd ; richview , clonskeagh ; dublin 14 ; e / ire phone : + 353 1 706-2745 fax : + 353 1 283-7778 home : + 353 1 478-2597
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 852,""Subject: thanks
  
  thanks to all of the many people who sent me igor mel ' cuk 's contact info , volunteered to forward messages , etc . you ' re a very helpful group ! regards , sherri calvo
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 853,""Subject: 
  
  discourse barsky , robert f . ( igrc , montreal , canada ) . constructing a productive other . discourse theory and the convention refugee hearing john benjamins 1994 . x , 272 pp . discourse hb : us : 1 55619 297 5 / eur : 90 272 5041 3 us $ 64 . 00 / hfl . 110 , - - a study of the process of constructing a productive other for the purpose of being admitted to canada in the categort of """" convention refugee """" . the whole claiming procedure is analyzed with respect to two actual cases , and contextualized by reference to pertinent national and international jurisprudence , all analyzed within the context of discourse analaysis . pragmatics and beyond new series , 29 pamela downing and michael noonan ( eds . ) word order in discourse ( university of wisconsin milwaukee ) typological studies in language , 30 1995 . ca . x , 583 pp . + index hb 1-55619 - 424 - 2 $ 135 . 00 . pb 1-55619 - 636 - 9 $ 37 . 95 eighteen papers dealing with the problem of word order variation in discourse . word order variation has often been treated as an essentially unpredictable phenomenon , a matter of selecting randomly one set of possible orders generated by the grammar . however , as the papers in this collection show , word order variation is not random , but rather is govemed by testable principles which are common to all languages . stygall , gail ( university of washington ) . trial language . differential discourse processing and discursive formation . pragmatics and beyond new series , 26 john benjamins 1994 . xii , 230 pp . discourse hb : us : 1 55619 294 0 / eur . : 90 272 5038 3 us $ 59 . 00 / hfl . 105 , - - this study of anglo - american legal discourse is the first comprehensive discourse analysis of american legal language in its prototypical setting , the trial by jury . with ethnographic data gathered in a civil jury trial , the book compares the discourse processing of the legal participants and the lay jurors in the trial . the study argues for a foucauldian discourse analysis of institutional languages , a social theory powerful enough to account for the power and tenacity of these ianguages , where traditional linguistic explanation has failed . wortham , stanton e . f . ( bates college , lewiston , maine ) . acting out participant examples in the classroom . pragmatics and beyond new series , 30 john benjamins 1994 xiv , 178 pp . discourse hb : us : 1 55619 298 3 / eur : 90 2725042 1 us $ 49 . 00 / hfl . 90 , - - pb 1-55619 - 243 - 6 $ 29 . 95 this volume explores a relational pattern that occurs during one type of speech event enacted classroom """" participant examples """" . the study reports that in some cases speakers not only discuss , but also act out the roles assigned to them in participant examples . that is , speakers do with each other , what they are talking about as the content of the example . participants act as if events described as the example provide a script for their interaction . cmejrkova , svetlaand frantiek ticha ( eds . ) the syntax of sentence and text . a festschrift for frantiek dane john benjamins 1994 . 398 pp . discourse hb : us : 1 55619 267 3 / eur90 272 1551 0 us $ 95 . 00 / hfl . 145 , - - published in honour of his 75th birthday , this volume celebrates dane ' international contribution to the development of prague school functionalism , the theory of functional sentence perspective , discourse studies and semantics . contributions by : robert de beaugrande ; andrej boguslawski ; alexandr bondarko ; svetla cmejrkova , maria - elisabeth conte ; martin davies ; wolfgang dressler ; anna duszak ; nils erik enkvist ; jan firbas ; paul l . garvin ; roland harweg ; jana hoffmanova ; miroslav komarek ; jirm kraus ; philip l . luelsdorff , eva machackova ; olga miillerova , igor nemec ; janos sander petvfi ; hansjakob seiler ; sorin stati ; frantiek ticha ; eugenius uhlenbeck ; ludmila uhlirova ; joseph vachek ; eija ventola . linguistic and literary studies in eastem europe , 42 translation dollerup , cay & annette lindegaard ( eds . ) . teaching translation and interpreting 2 . john benjamins 1994 viii , 358 pp . translation / interpretation cloth : us : 1 55619 682 2 / eur : 90 272 1601 0 us $ 69 . 00 / hfl . 130 , - - bridging the gap empirical research in simultaneous interpretation . sylvie lambert & barbara mosel-mercer ( eds . ) john benjamins 1994 362 pp . translation / interpretation cloth : us : 1 55619 481 1 / eur : 90 272 2144 8 us $ 69 . 00 / hfl . 130 , - - a collection of 30 articles discussing various aspects of interpreting grouped in 4 sections : i . pedagogical issues , ii . simultaneous interpretation , iii . sign language and court interpreting , iv . neuropsychological research . snell - hornby , mary , franz pvchhacker & klaus kaindl ( eds . ) translation studies : an interdiscipline . selected papers from the translation studies congress , vienna , 9-12 september 1992 . john benjamins 1994 xii , 438 pp . translation cloth us : 1 55619 478 1 / eur : 90 272 2141 3 us $ 95 . 00 / hfl . 170 , - - this selection of 44 papers from the 163 presented at the translation studies congress which was held in celebration of the 50th anniversary of the institut f | r dolmetscher und \ bersetzer ausbildung in vienna , shows how translation studies is moving away from purely linguistic analysis into lsp , psychology , cognition , and cultural orientations . the volume is divided into sections reflecting the focal subject areas of the congress : translation , history and culture ; interpreting theory and training ; terminology and special languages ; teaching and training in translation . also included are papers from a special workshop including interdisciplinary research projects from vienna . pragmatics givon , t . ( ed . ) voice and inversion . john benjamins 1994 viii , 510 pp . ling theory cloth us : 1 55619 420 x / eur : 90 272 2917 1 us $ 95 . 00 / hfl . 180 , - - paper us : 1 55619 421 8 / eur : 90 272 2918 x us $ 32 . 95 / hfl . 65 , - - this collection aims first to establish a structure-independent , language-independent definition of pragmatic voice , and more specifically then a universal functional definition of ' inverse ' . the grammar and pragmatic function of the four major voice constructions - - direct-active , inverse , passive , antipassive - - are surveyed using narrative texts from 14 languaegs : koyukon ( athabascan ) , plains cree , ( algonquian ) , chepang ( tibeto - burman ) , squamish and bella coola ( salish ) , sahaptin ( sahaptian ) , kutenai ( isolate ) , suriinam carib ( carib ) cebuano and karao ( philippine ) .
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  bibliographies campe , petra . case , semantic roles , and grammatical relations . a comprehensive bibliography . john benjamins 1994 vii , 644 pp . ling . theory cloth : us : 1 55619 675 x / eur : 90 272 2811 6 us $ 125 . 00 / hfl . 225 , - - this bibliography presents the multi-dimensionality of the research into case and case-related phenomena . this includes not only morphological case-markers , but also the cross-constituent ( semantic and grammatical ) relations expressed by morphological case or by its various counterparts ; morpho-syntactic processes such as transitivity and passivization ; and pragmatic and textual considerations . in addition , the bibliography reflects the implications of case researchc for other disciplines , such as foreign language teaching and artificial intelligence . more than 6000 publications are presented in the author index . also included are a subject index , a language index and a guide to the relevant languages and language families kess , joseph f . and tadao miyamoto ( university of victoria ) japanese psycholinguistics . a classified and annotated research bibliography john benjamins 1994 xii , 355 pp . bibliographies hb : us : 1 55619 254 1 / eur : 90 272 3750 6 us $ 89 . 00 / hfl . 160 , - - this classified and annotated research bibliography is an useful introduction to the rich field of japanese psycholinguistics , providing an exhaustive inventory of what has been done in or about japanese in a psycholinguistic sense . the annotations for each entry have been especialiy written for this bibliographic inventory , and with the linguist , psychologist , and psycholinguist specifically in mind . the authors ' intention is to maximize the usefulness of such an inventory by preparing annotations for the interested reader who wishes to know not only what the article contains but where it fits in the research tradition . library and information sources in linguistics , 24 nevis , joel a . , brian d . joseph , dieter wanner and arnold m . zwicky . clitics . a comprehensive bibliography 1892-1991 john benjamins 1994 . xxxviii , 274 pp . bibliographies hb : us : 1 556i9 252 5 / eur : 90 272 3748 4 us $ 69 . 00 / hfl . 125 , - - provides an alphabetical listing of over 1500 articles , books , and dissertations that treat in some way the topic of clitics and related matters , e . g . affixes , words , word order , movement , sandhi , etc . each entry is accompanied by a series of descriptors which give an indication of the content of the item . nearly one-third of the book is a detailed analytic index , based on the descriptors , which can aid in topical searches for relevant material . prefatory matter includes an essay """" what is a clitic ? """" by arnold m . zwicky , a brief consideration of jacob wackernagel , the first author on this topic , by brian d . joseph , and information on the format and use of the book itself . library and information sources in linguistics , 22 niederehe , hans-josef ( university of trier , germany ) . bibliografia cronolsgica de ling | mstica , la gramatica y la lexicografia del espaqol ( bicres ) . desde los principios hasta el aqo 1600 john benjamins 1994 . vi , 457 pp . bibliographies hb : us : 1 55619 612 1 / eur : 90 272 4563 0 us $ 100 . 00 / hfl . 190 , since the publication of the still very valuable biblioteca histsrica de la filologma castellana by cipriano muqoz y manzano , conde de la viqaza , ( madrid , 1893 ) , our knowledge of the history of the study of the spanish language has grown considerably . it is the purpose of the present bibliography to bring already available bibliographical information together with the more recent research findings , scattered in many places , books and articles , published during the past one hundred years , in an exhaustive as possible manner . studies in the history of the language sciences , 76 writing systems ancient scripts and phonological knowledge d . gary miller ( university of florida ) this study investigates the properties of several ancient syllabic and linear segmental scripts to make explicit the aspects of linguistic knowledge they attempt to represent . some recent experimental work suggests that nonliterate speakers do not have segmental knowledge and that only syllabic knowledge is real or accessible , whence the ubiquity of syllabaries . miller disputes this by showing that such tests do not distinguish relevant types of knowledge , and that linguistic analysis of the ordering and writing conventions of early western scripts corroborates the evidence from language acquisition , use , and change for segment awareness . by coding segments , the ancient syllabaries represented more phonological knowledge than the alphabet , which was a poor compromise between the vowelless west semitic scripts and the vowel-redundant syllabic scripts . current issues in linguistic theory , 116 1994 . xvi , 139 pp . hb 1-55619 - 570 - 2 $ 35 . 00 history of ling theory groups and the study of language in north america . a social history . stephen o . murray ( el instituto obregsn , san francisco ) this is a detailed social history of north american linguistic traditions and """" revolutionary """" challenges to them , covering the last century and a half . in particular , the book traces the relatively recent growth of generative syntax out of neo - bloomfieldian structuralism , under the nurturing ( contrary to popular myth ) of powerful """" gatekeepers """" like language editor bernard bloch . although focusing on groups , murray resurrects many of the forgotten writers on language in society who were not participants in schools or theory groups . moreover , he formulates a theory of the social basis for claims of """" scientific revolution """" , and provides a suggestive analysis of why some approaches succeeded while others failed in the continuing and often rhetorically violent contention in linguistics . includes a 74 - page bibliography . studies in the history of the language sciences , 69 1994 xxi , 596 pp . hb : 1-55619 - 364 - 5 $ 110 . 00
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  finnish helena halmari . a government approach to finnish-english intrasentential code-switching . 1994 naturally occurring finnish - english bilingual conversations are examined to discover the principle constraining the distribution of intra-sentential code - switching . it is argued that the syntactic notion of government is the relevant one , in particular di sciullo , muysken , and singh 's ( 1986 ) government constraint ( gc ) on code-switching , according to which code-switching within a governed element is possible if and only if the governed element includes a """" language-carrier """" whose language index is identical with the language index of the governor . in governed positions the rich finnish inflectional morphology functions as language-carrier . evidence for the gc is provided not only by the data that conform to the constraint , but also by those data which are near - violations of this constraint and consistently accompanied by severe repair phenomena ( pausing , hesitation , false starts , and backtracking . it is claimed that these repair phenomena ' break ' the government relation when it is about to be violated . in a few instances an explanation for code-switching needs to be looked for in sociolinguistic factors , such as interspeaker variation . available from gsil publications , usc . e - mail : gsil @ usc . edu greek themes in greek linguistics papers from the first international conference on greek linguistics , reading , september 1993 i . philippaki-warburton , k . nicolaidis and m . sifianou ( eds . ) ( university of readingl ( university of athens ) this volume brings together 65 conference papers , whose aim is to provide a comprehensive state-of - the-art in greek linguistics . papers concern all the standard topics : syntax , semantics and pragmatics within current models such as principles & parameters , hpsg , and relevance theory ; phonology and phonetics ; discourse , style and spoken and written discourse including miscommunication , metaphor and politeness issues ; ancient and modern greek dialects such as macedonian , cypriot , and pontic , as well as issues like social and geographical varieties , diglossia and language acquisition and the use of computers for the analysis , translation and teaching of greek . also includes an index of authors , languages and main key words . current issues in linguistic theory , 117 xviii 520 pp . + index hb 1-55619 - 571 - 0 $ 79 . 00 historical ling studies in language origins , volume 3 jan wind , abraham jonker , robin allott and leonard rolfe ( eds . ) this collection brings together the best papers presented at recent meetings of the language origins society . the volume reflects the diversity of approaches from many disciplines that are used to unravel the mystery of the origin of language : linguistics , anatomy , physiology , paleoanthropology , neuropsychology , physical anthropology , etc . xviii , 344 pp . hb 1-55619 - 497 - 8 $ 79 . 00
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  syntax bhat , d . n . s . the adjectival category . criteria for differentiation and indentification . john benjamins 1994 xi , 285 pp . linguistics cloth : us : 1 55619 376 9 / eur : 90 272 3027 7 us $ 65 . 00 / hfl . xx , - - semantics continuity in linguistic semantics c . fuchs and b . victorri ( eds . ) until recently , most linguistic theories as well as theories of cognition have avoided use of the notion of continuity . however , several linguistic trends , sharing a preoccupation with semantico-cognitive problems ( e . g . cognitive grammars , ' psychomechanics ' , ' enuciative theories ' ) , are trying to go beyond the constraints imposed by discrete approaches . at the same time , mathematical ( e . g . differential geometry and dynamical systems ) and computer science tools ( e . g . connectionism ) have been proposed that can be used for modeling of continuous linguistic phenomena . the first part of the book is devoted to linguistic issues , the second part deals with modeling issues . contributions by : a . culioli ; c . fuchs ; c . harris ; d . kayser ; r . langacker ; g . leech ; p . le goffic ; j . petitot ; j . picoche ; v . prince ; j - m . salanskis ; h . seiler ; r . thom ; d . touretzky & b . victorri . lingvisticae investigationes supplementa , 19 1995 . iv , 251 pp . + index hb 1-55619 - 259 - 2 $ 64 . 00 process , image , and meaning wolfgang wildgen university of bremen in the sense of this work , the development of a """" realistic """" model of meaning has to account for the ecological basis of meaning in perception , action , and interaction , and is realistic in the sense of """" scientific realism """" , i . e . it is based on the paradigm of dynamical systems theory . in this work , wildgen proceeds from the positing of a semantic model of sentences within recent proposals to a realistic model elaborating on the consequences of the theory . this includes discussions of valence , basic prediction , multi-stability and the application of chaos theory . pragmatics and beyond new series , 31 xii , 280 pp . hb 1-55619 - 299 - 1 $ 67 . 00 ling theory the reality of linguistic rules susan d . lima , roberta l . corrigan and gregory k . iverson university of wisconsin - milwaukee this volume presents a selection of the best papers from the 21st annual university of wisconsin - milwaukee linguistics symposium . researchers from linguistics , psychology , computer science , and philosophy , using many different methods and focusing on many different facts of language , addressed the question of the existence of linguistic rules . are such rules best seen as convenient tools for the description of languages , or are rules actually invoked by individual language users ? studies in language companion series , 26 1994 . xxiii , 466 pp . + index hb 1-55619 - 378 - 5 $ 115 . 00 pagliuca , william ( ed . ) : perspectives on grammaticalization . john benjamins 1994 xx , 287 pp . + index ling . theory cloth : us : 1 55619 563 x / eur : 90 272 3612 7 us $ 79 . 00 / hfl . 150 , - - the recent resurgence of interest in the evolution of grammatical form and meaning from lexical material has reinvigorated historical analysis and theory and led to advances in the understanding of the relation between diachrony and universals . the richness and potential of some of the leading approaches to grammaticalization are here illustrated in thirteen selected papers from a symposium held at the university of wisconsin , milwaukee in april 1990 . this is the second of two volumes deriving from the same symposium ; the first volume , explanation in historical linguistics , edited by garry w . davis and gregory k . iverson , was published by john benjamins in 1992 . contributions by : w . pagliuca , j . l . bybee , k . carey , u . claudi , d . cyr , r . epstein , j . haiman , b . heine , p . j . hopper , p . kilroe , t . ohori , j . c . paolillo , j . rubba , d . i . slobin . dissertations goad , h . on the configuration of height features ( 1993 ) halmari , h . a government approach to finnish - english intrasentential code - switching ( 1994 ) for more information , please contact us by e-mail gsil @ scf . usc . edu , or by fax : 213-740 - 9306 department of linguistics , university of southern california , los angeles , ca 90089-1693 u . s . a . a complete list of available dissertations can be accessed through the linguist listserv
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  lang planning davis , kathryn anne language planning in multilingual contexts . policies , communities and schools in luxembourg john benjamins 1994 xix , 220 pp . ling theory cloth us : 1 55619 539 7 / eur : 90 272 4111 2 us $ 45 . 00 / hfl . 80 , - - this volume examines the sociocultural factors that influence language choices and uses in the multilingual country of luxembourg . patterns of language use within and across communities are viewed in terms of interrelationships among language policy intent , implementation and experience . also studied is the difference between reality and expectation for both individual and government goals . a history of past language policies and practices sets the background for recent policy formation and current language uses and values . xvi , 220 pp . 1-55619 - 539 - 7 $ 45 . 00 hb studies in bilingualism , 8 pb 1-55619 - 636 - 9 $ 37 . 95 paulston , christina bratt linguistic minorities in multilingual settings . implications for language policies john benjamins 1994 xi , 139 pp . lang planning cloth : us : 1 55619 347 5 / eur : 90 272 4104 x us $ 39 . 00 / hfl . 75 , - - paper : us : 1 55619 540 0 / eur : 90 272 4112 0 us $ 19 . 95 / hfl . 40 , - - paulston presents an analytical framework for explaining and predicting the language behavior of social groups as such behavior relates to linguistic policies for minority groups . she argues that there are a number of factors to be considered in the understanding and establishment of language policies for such groups . 1 . the social context of language problems ; 2 . the linguistic consequences for social groups in contact will vary depending on the focus of social mobilization , i . e . ethnicity or nationalism ; and 3 . identifying the salient factors which contribute to language maintenance and shift , i . e . what are the conditions . the book is a vital help to educational policies and successful language planning in general . pidgins & creoles kihm , alain . kriyol syntax . the portuguese-based creole language of guinea-bissau . john benjamins 1994 xii , 310 pp . pidgins & creoles cloth : us : 1 55619 168 5 / eur : 90 272 5235 1 us $ 70 . 00 / hfl . 135 , - - this book describes the portuguese - based creole which is widely spoken as a first language in guinea - bissau . the study focuses on one variety , ' central kriyol ' , and aims to present a complete description of the grammar of the language . the theoretical framework for the syntactic analysis is purposely eclectic but relies primarily on generalized phrase structure grammar . lang acquisition lakshmanan , usha . universal grammar in child second language acquisition . null subjects and morphological uniformity . john benjamins 1994 x , 166 pp . language acquisition cloth : us : 1-55619 247 9 / eur : 90 272 xxx x us $ 35 . 00 / hfl . xx , - - this book examines child second language acquisition within the principles and parameters framework of linguistic theory . its focus is the null subject phenomenon , a property that has received considerable attention within linguistic theory and linguistic acquisition . it takes a current theory of null subjects , namely the morphological uniformity principle , and investigates the extent to which its predictions are supported in the context of child second language grammar . the book demonstrates the value of child second language acquisition data in evaluating specific proposals within linguistic theory for a universal principle and thus contributes to the growing body of research on the role of universal grammar in second language acquisition . bilingual first language acquisition french and german grammatical development j \ rgen m . meisel ( ed . ) ( university of hamburg ) the contributions in this volume are based on an analysis of data from bilingual children acquiring french and german simultaneously . the papers focus on the development of specific grammatical phenomena ; explanations are given within the framework of the principles and parameter approach . the study is primarily concerned with the acquisition of so-called ' functional categories ' and the consequences of their acquisition for the development of grammar the basic hypothesis underlying this study is that early child grammars consist only of lexical categories and that functional categories are implemented later in the child 's grammar . how this happens exactly is the central issue explored in this book . language acquisition and language disorders , 7 vi , 280 pp . hb 1-55619 - 242 - 8 $ 70 . 00
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  functional & systemic ling verhoeven , ludo . functional literacy . theoretical issues and educational implications . john benjamins 1994 viii , 493 pp . linguistics cloth : us : 1 55619 316 5 / eur : 90 272 1791 2 us $ 85 . 00 / hfl . 150 , - - paper : us : 1 55619 317 3 / eur : 90 272 1792 0 us $ 29 . 95 / hfl . 60 , - - the volume has four parts : i . the construct of functional literacy , ii . literacy and development , iii . attaining literacy in developing countries , and iv . attaining literacy in industrial societies . contributions were originally presented at an international conference in tilburg , october 1991 , and are by : l . verhoeven , h . j . graff , c . blanche - benveniste , l . noordman & w . vonk , b . street , k . levine , d . r . olson , p . bertelson & b . de gelder , p . leseman , d . barton , e . ferreiro , n . hornberger , m . van der westen , c . j . daswani , j . yambi , f . coulmas , c . doets , c . pontecorvo , a . van der leij , d . bouwhuis & h . bunt , w . loxley , l . dubbeldam , j . hammond & p . freebody , j . ooijens , d . wagner . the prague school of structural and functional linguistics philip luelsdorff ( ed . ) ( university of regensburg ) the importance of the prague school for the rise of structuralism and for integration of the theoretical linguistics of today can hardly be overestimated . the volume brings together 13 papers showing the main results of the research of the prague school and of its continuation in the domains of phonemics and written language , morphemics and word formation , lexicon , syntax and semantics , text structures , stylistics and typology . the authors all actively contributed to the domain they are treating here . linguistic and literary studies in eastern europe , 41 ca . vi , 384 pp . + index hb 1-55619 - 266 - 5 $ 175 . 00 luelsdorff , philip a . , jarmila paneuova & peter sgall ( eds . ) . praguiana 1945-1990 . john benjamins 1994 x , 240 pp . + index eastern european ling . cloth us : 1 55619 265 7 / eur : 90 272 1549 9 us $ 75 . 00 / hfl . 135 , - - the aim of this volume is to witness how the activities of the prague school have continued to bring important new insights and discussions between the 1940s and the present time . contributions are included which have escaped attention on an international scale because they were published in czech ; several papers have been written especially for this volume . the contributions cover various domains : syntax , morphology , sociolinguistics , graphemics , the language system , the lexicon , and contrastive linguistics . contributions by : e . pauliny , m . dokulil and f dane , r . trost , v . skalicka , j . ruzicka , f . miko , o . leska , j . vachek , j . horeck } , v . blanar , p . sgall , v . barnet , v . barnetova .
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 859,""Subject: 
  
  language and linguistics in melanesia , journal of the linguistic society of papua new guinea and the society on pidgins and creoles in melanesia edited by : j . m . clifton """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" contents : volume 25 , no . 1 ( april 1994 ) britten arsjo """" topic in ama discourse terry crowley practical issues in bislama lexicography gunter senft spatial reference in kilivila : the tinkertoy matching games - a case study john lynch on the origin of tok pisin _ na _ gunter senft grammaticalisation of body - part terms in kilivila """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" """" contents : volume 25 , no . 2 ( october 1994 ) john m clifton stable multilingualism in a small language group : the case of kaki ae dorothy j . james word tone in a papuan language : an autosegmental solution john nystrom three transitivity markers in arop - sissano william staley theoretical implications of olo verb reduplication * * * subscription rates : regular us $ 20 / aus $ 25 ; institutions us $ 35 / aus $ 42 ; send checks to : the secretary , linguistic society of papua new guinea , po box 418 , ukarumpa via lae , papua new guinea .
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 860,""Subject: nels dates , at last !
  
  we are pleased to announce the date for nels 1995 , to be hosted jointly by harvard university and mit . the conference will be held from october 27-30 in locations on both campuses . in addition to the usual weekend talks , there will be monday workshops on indo - european and language processing . thanks to all those who sent us their scheduling plans for conferences next fall . we did our best to minimize conflicts . the bu conference on language acquisition will be held the next weekend , followed a week later by the comparative germanic syntax workshop to be held at rutgers . we look forward to what is sure to be a series of lively conferences in this part of the country . more information and a call for papers will be appearing soon . dianne jonas , harvard jonas @ husc . harvard . edu martha jo mcginnis , mit marthajo @ mit . edu
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 861,""Subject: urgent ! """" lehrstuhl fuer allgemeine sprachwissenschaft """" vacancy
  
  urgent ! ! please do not send in applications yet . the official period for application has not yet begun . it is expected to begin mid - january and end about six weeks later . we will keep you informed . sincerely henriette visser
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 862,""Subject: languaes et grammaire 2 , modified dates
  
  langues et grammaire 2 universite paris 8 important modification important modification important modification . . . . . . . due to unexpected problems with the administration the langues et grammaire 2 conference had to be reschedulled for june 8 - 9-10 instead of may 25-27 . the abstract deadline is extended to february 20 the organising committee anne fleichman - lea nash - georges tsoulas
 "",0
 863,""Subject: bisfai ' 95 call for papers - - second announcement
  
  * * * * * * call for papers - - second announcement * * * * * * bisfai ' 95 the fourth bar - ilan symposium on foundations of artificial intelligence focusing on natural languages and artificial intelligence philosophical and computational aspects commemorating the scientific works of yehoshua bar - hillel ( 1915-1975 ) june 20-22 , 1995 ramat - gan and jerusalem , israel organized by bar - ilan university , ramat - gan and hebrew university , jerusalem in cooperation with american association for artificial intelligence israel association for artificial intelligence the association for mathematics of language israeli association for theoretical linguistics the symposium will focus on natural language in artificial intelligence but will retain its broad scope , and welcomes high quality research papers in various areas of artificial intelligence , including machine learning , automated reasoning , knowledge representation , neural nets , etc . distinguished invited speakers ( include ) : - - robert berwick ( mit ) - - aravind joshi ( upenn ) - - hans kamp ( stuttgart university ) - - sergei nirenburg ( nmsu ) - - naftaly tishby ( hebrew university ) - - hans uszkoreit ( saarlandes university ) paper submission : submit three copies of extended abstract ( 4-10 pages ) , or full paper , by 1st february 1995 , to : dr . moshe koppel , dept of mathematics and computer science , bar - ilan university , ramat - gan , 52900 , israel . e - mail : koppel @ bimacs . cs . biu . ac . il authors will be notified of acceptance by 20th march 1995 . a final version of the accepted papers will be published in a proceedings volume . information on registration , accommodations , etc . , will appear in future announcements , or contact : bisfai @ bimacs . cs . biu . ac . il symposium chair m . golumbic ( bar - ilan u . ) program co - chairs e . shamir ( hebrew u . ) m . koppel ( bar - ilan u . ) program committee e . shamir ( hebrew u . ) m . koppel ( bar - ilan u . ) y . choueka ( bar - ilan u . ) i . dagan ( bar - ilan u . ) e . doron ( hebrew u . ) m . elhadad ( ben gurion u . ) n . francez ( technion ) d . gabbay ( imperial college ) b . grosz ( harvard u . ) a . kasher ( tel - aviv u . ) s . kraus ( bar - ilan u . ) d . lehmann ( hebrew u . ) l . manevitz ( haifa u . ) j . pearl ( u . c . l . a . ) d . radzinski ( tovna ltd . ) m . richter ( u . kaiserslautern ) w . savitch ( u . c . s . d . ) o . stock ( irst , italy ) s . ullman ( weizmann inst . ) organizing chair a . frank ( bar - ilan u . ) organizing committee i . dagan ( bar - ilan u . ) r . cohen ( hebrew u . ) m . fisch ( tel - aviv u . ) ariel j . frank deputy chairperson , dept . of mathematics and computer science bar ilan university , ramat gan , israel 52900 tel : ( 972 - 3 - ) 5318407 / 8 , fax : ( 972 - 3 - ) 5353325 amix ( israeli unix user group ) former chairperson tel : ( 972 - 3 - ) 715770 / 2 , fax : ( 972 - 3 - ) 5744374 bitnet : ariel @ bimacs ( also f68388 @ barilan ) internet : ariel @ bimacs . cs . biu . ac . il
 "",0
 864,""Subject: could of
  
  i have been following the recent discussion of ` would of ' with interest , as i am writing my dissertation on the grammaticalization of ` wouldve ' / ` couldve ' / ` shouldve ' ( i . e . modal + ` have ' + pastparticiple constructions ) . [ for those unfamiliar with the term , grammaticalization is , approximately , a type of gradual reanalysis that turns material that used to be more independent and lexical into material that is more dependent and grammatical . ] i ' ve noticed that the discussion has focused on pronunciation and spelling as indicators of """" native speaker intuitions . """" another approach is to look at syntax . many speakers consider what wouldve you done ? pretty close to acceptable ( though of course many other speakers completely reject this ) . then there are also sentences like ( both heard on npr in the past week ) they never asked the right questions when they shouldve have . ( orangecounty ) or if this incident had occurred a year ago , i wouldve had been more concerned about it . ( helicopter in n . korea ) for now i will make a couple of points of my own , and next time i will respond to some previous postings , esp . frits stuurman 's queries . 1 ) syntactic data like these can tell us what speakers feel belong together . is the / @ v / a verb ? a preposition ? this data does n't answer those questions , but does tell us that ` wouldve ' is being interpreted as a unit that behaves like an auxiliary verb . 2 ) intuition data can be supplemented with corpus data and experimental data . for instance , in pilot elicited imitation experiments where subjects try to repeat exactly what the stimulus tape says , i am finding that modal + adverb + have sequences are much more often repeated as modal + have + adv , than modal + have + adv sequences are repeated as modal + adverb + have . this is another way to show that ` have ' ( often pronounced / @ v / or / @ / ) is , for some speakers , dependent on the modal . as for corpus research , i have diachronic data suggesting a historical trend in this direction . i am also working on comparing synchronic spoken vs . written data . 3 ) as part of my dissertation , i ' ve been planning to get """" expansions """" of contracted forms , like what tom cravens described , and i am getting subjects from age 4 on up to as old as i can find . so hopefully in a few months i ' ll have some systematic data to answer some of the questions that people have raised . by the way : does anyone have a good name for this type of construction ? the best i ' ve been able to come up with so far is """" past counterfactual """" , but i 'd prefer a name with a more syntactic , less semantic , sense . joyce tang boyland ( jtang @ cogsci . berkeley . edu ) institute of cognitive studies , uc berkeley
 "",0
 865,""Subject: re : 5 . 1459 native speaker intuition
  
  after what i said last time about """" of """" in """" could of """" etc . , i have to think about why the six year-old said """" could of """" was a """" long """" way to say """" coulda ( ? ) """" it 's clear she does n't see """" have """" in """" coulda """" , and that leads to other questions about whether the relationship between the verb """" have """" and the last syllable in """" coulda / v """" etc is anything more than graphic and literate itself at this point in time . note that the big clue , the participle after """" have """" is losing reliability thru ever-spreading merger of participles and pasts in english , e . g , """" could of went """" / """" i ' ve went """" . only """" been """" is a true-blue participle through thick and thin . but it is probably not sufficient to allow six year-olds ( or maybe anybody else for that matter ) to recognise that the """" of """" in """" coulda """" is """" have """" . if this is so , then have / of only alternate ( as a function of stress ) when there is no modal . the other part of the question concerns the association of """" of """" from """" have """" with """" of """" ( from """" off """" ) . it still seems to me , the little girl gave no indication that she saw """" could of """" as containing the word """" of """" , though it would be interesting to know what she thinks a word is . are homophones the same word , for example . """" of """" is """" longer """" than """" a """" in any case . i think that was the question she was asked . i ' m afraid to look now , because i ' ll lose this stimulating posting . . . . if she insists that the """" of """" in """" could-of """" is indeed the same word , i 'd be interested in her explanation for why she thinks so . alexis might also be interested in such an explanation for his folk etymology collection . benji
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 866,""Subject: could of
  
  tom cravens has hit the nail on the head . why should """" could ' ve """" expand , with emphasis on the second element , to """" could of """" , with the same pronunc - iation as of rather than have ? i wonder if the model of to is relevant ? looks like a preposition ( cf of ) , but very verb-like when used before an infinitive ( e . g . negated by preceding not , never etc . : """" it 's important never to tell lies """" ) , and has two forms , weak and strong . also it 's interesting that you never get of for have in tensed verbs - as others have pointed out , it 's only used after modals ; same is true of of , of course [ sorry for the of 's ! ] . notice incidentally that the """" of """" in """" could of """" can't be the preposition """" of """" because the latter has to have a complement , whereas the one after """" could of """" ( i . e . the past participle ) can be elided : """" i could of . """" dick hudson dept of phonetics and linguistics , university college london , gower street , london wc1e 6bt uclyrah @ ucl . ac . uk
 "",0
 867,""Subject: re : 5 . 1467 qs : metaling
  
  ther term """" metalinguistics """" comes from benjamin lee whorf . see his books """" collecteed papers of metalinguistics """" ( washington , 1952 ) , """" four lectures on metalinguistics """" ( washington , 1952 ) , """" language , thought , and reality """" ( new york , 1956 ) . whorf defines this branch of science as studying the relations between the language and related phenomena such as thought , society and culture . so , it includes such fields as psycho - , socio - , ethno - , neuro . . . linguistics . the other source is g . l . trager 's article """" the field of linguistics """" ( studies in linguistic . occasional papers . i """" . oclahoma , 1949 ) , but in a slight different sense . e . hamp criticised trager for using the term """" metalinguistics """" for the field that is usually called """" semantics """" ( see : e . hamp , """" the glossary of american linguistic technical use """" , the article called """" metalinguistis """" ) . this is really an americanism . in saussurean tradition the term """" external linguistics """" is preferred , as opposed to the """" internal linguistics """" ( = whorf 's """" microlinguistics """" ) . the corresponding adjective sounds like """" extralinguistic """" . because of that i prefer to call this branch not """" metalinguistics """" but """" extralinguistics """" ! but there is another meaning of the term """" metalinguistics """" . it is derived from the """" metalanguage """" ( a logical notion that comes from husserl , russel , tarski , carnap ) . that is , metalinguistics in this sense is defined as """" the studying of metalanguages """" . i prefer to use the word """" metalinguistics """" in this sense . ) from the hamp 's critique one can deduc e that he likes this logical tradition , too . but i am not sure who was the first . with best regards , sergej a . krylov ursula doleschal & sergej krylov institut f . slawische sprachen wirtschaftsuniv . wien augasse 9 , 1090 wien tel . : + + 43 - 1-31336 4115 fax : + + 43 - 1-31336 744
 "",0
 868,""Subject: computers and teaching in the humanities
  
  conference announcement cath ' 95 computers and teaching in the humanities , ' computers and the changing curriculum ' stop press early booking fee held until 1st august the seventh in the series of cath conferences is being held at royal holloway , university of london from 5thp7th september 1995 . the conference is being organized by the office for humanities communication and the cti centre for textual studies at the university of oxford , and the centre for computing in the arts , royal holloway . the royal holloway campus , which , although only 17 miles from the centre of london is situated in 100 acres of surrey countryside at egham . full conference package prices including accommodation range from 195 pounds without private facilities to 221 pounds with ' ensuite facilities ' . prices rise by 25 pounds on 1st august . final registration date , 15th august . details of the conference including a draft programme can be found at the following web page ( url : http : / / sable . ox . ac . uk / ~ ctitext2 / service / cath . html ) for a registration form and any queries about the programme please contact : office for humanities communication , oxford university computing services , 13 banbury road , oxford ox2 6nn tel : 01225 866962 email : cath95 @ oucs . ox . ac . uk
 "",0
 869,""Subject: summary : sri lanka
  
  a few weeks ago i asked the following question : > could somebody please tell me how sri lanka is written and > pronounced in spanish ? is the pronunciation uniform across latin > america ? my reason for asking was that one of my students , a peruvian , told me it was pronounced / esrilanka / . yet i seemed to recall that a mexican had once told me it was / sirlanka / . as you will see below , i was wrong but only partly . here are the responses i received : en reponse a ton mail sur la prononciation de sri lanka en espagnol , je peux dire qu ' en amerique du sud ( chili , argentine ) , on prononce et on ecrit siri lanka . my latin american friends tell me ' sri lanka ' is pronounced just as one would expect : sri lanka ( with the dental-alveolar [ r ] and the velar nasal . ) they say it is spelled as you have spelled it . en respuesta a su pregunta sobre la escritura y la pronunciacion de sri lanka en espanol , le puedo decir lo siguiente : en cuanto a la escritura , si no me equivoco , se mantiene el original sri lanka . sin embargo , en cuanto a la pronunciacion , existe la tendencia general a intercalar una i de apoyo entre la s y la r : [ siri ] . ello no excluye que ciertos individuos , considerandose mas """" cultos """" y mas """" sabios """" , hagan el esfuerzo de pronunciar [ sri ] . esfuerzo que rompe con la tendencia del espanol de evitar toda s liquida . esfuerzo , por consiguiente , considerado """" no natural """" . con respecto a la pronunciacion en latinoamerica , no puedo decirle gran cosa . pero imagino que tambien se ha generalizado la tendecia fonetica a intercalar la vocal i . i pronounce it [ ezri ' la ' nka ] , r = trill , n = velar nasal in normal speech . in rapid speech the [ z ] assimilates to the following rhotic producing a sound of intermediate quality ( this assimilation is a well known fact of spanish phonetics in nonaspirating dialects described , for instance , in navarro tomas ' standard manual ) . in slow speech [ esri ' ] , without voicing . i am from spain . in aspirating dialects , it is [ ehri ' ] ~ [ eri ' ] . i am from seville ( spain ) . i write the name of the country as sri lanka . and i pronounce it / sri lanka / . ( i might also pronounce it as / esri lanka / ; but this is due to the fact that we do n't like sequences / sc / as onsets of words . you may have already realized that if you have listened to spanish people speaking english . many of the them would say / espein / instead of / spein / ) . in argentina sri lanka is pronounced : [ siri lanka ] . the [ r ] sound is according to ipa : is a post-dental percusive sound . the [ n ] is velar . i just called my daughter who is a writer at la jornada , a local newspaper . she works in the economics section . she said that their spelling is just like english , although she supposes that some """" purist """" publications probably change the k for a c . she wrote sri lanka on a piece of paper and asked the 5 people who were in the office to pronounce it . she confirmed my own suspicion that people pronounce it as if it were in spanish - - two of them with a rather marked e at the beginning , which is what spanish phonology would require with st - , for instance . the rest of us tend to sonorize the s - , but that would be expected in mexican spanish anyway . so , her conclusion ( and mine - - we ' re both speakers of spanish as a 1st lang ) is that it 's pronounced """" normally . """" she has worked with a number of argentine journalists and never noticed that they did anything worth noting , which means that they probably pronounce it just about the same . from : in % """" penaja @ wkuvx1 . wku . edu """" juan antonio pena as far as spelling , sri lanka is the spanish orthography for this asian country . as far as phonetics , the only thing worth noting is that we insert an ' e ' [ e ] sound at the beginning of the word sri . spanish does this with all words beginning s + any stop consonant . in spain , the name of the state is written as in english : sri lanka ( the geographical name of the island is ceilan - - with an accent on the ' a ' ) . the pronunciation ( in tv and broadcasting ) varies : some people says [ sri ' lanka ] , some others [ esri ' lanka ] ( r stands for the multiple trill of - rr - in spanish , the same sound as in perro ) . hear in spain we use to pronounce the name of the old island of ceilan in two different ways . the most common pronunciation is [ esrri lan , ka ] ( i use double r for the spanish hard r and [ n , ] for the velarized nasal sound ) . there is another pronunciation , not so common as the former : [ siri lan , ka ] . i do not know the origin of this one . so there you have it . my impression is that / esrilanka / is more common in spain , and / sirilanka / more prevalent in south america , but this is obviously not absolute . many thanks to all those who responded . marc picard
 "",0
 870,""Subject: linguistics association of great britain
  
  linguistics association of great britain the 1995 autumn meeting will be held from monday 18 september to wednesday 20 september at the university of essex , where the association will be the guests of the department of language and linguistics . enquiries and bookings ( by 25 august ) should be sent to : lagb 1995 , david britain and stella markantonatou , department of language and linguistics , university of essex , colchester , essex , great britain co4 3sq . events : the henry sweet lecture 1995 on the monday evening will be delivered by professor edwin williams ( princeton ) , and is entitled """" focus and anaphoric destressing """" . there will also be a special guest lecture by professor greg stump ( kentucky ) , entitled """" the autonomy of morphomic indexing """" . professor williams will also be participating in a workshop on the topic of ellipsis , focus and anaphora , on the monday afternoon . the workshop is organised by david adger ( york ) ; other contributors are caroline heycock ( edinburgh ) , ruth kempson , ( soas ) and wynn chao ( soas ) . there will be a language tutorial on the australian language kayardild ( note change of language ) , given by dr nicholas evans ( melbourne ) . kayardild is a tangkic language of bentinck island , north west queensland , and the two sessions will aim to cover the main features of the grammar , exemplified as far as possible through study of a traditional text . after situating the language sociolinguistically , most of the tutorial will deal with morphosyntactic features of typological interest , in particular with its complex and unusual nominal morphology : the use of ' modal case ' to signal mood and tense categories on nps within the vp ; a further use of ' complementizing case ' , marked on every word of a clause , to show interclausal relations , and the phenomenon of case stacking that leads to nouns inflecting for up to four cases , forcing morphological representations to have ( finitely ) recursive case features . a final feature of nominal case morphology is the presence of a subset of case suffixes , known to tangkicists as ' verbal case ' , which , though demonstrably an inflectional category , converts the morphological class of its host from nominal to verb , thus posing problems to the view that inflections never change word class . internet home page : the lagb internet home page is now active at the following address : http : / / clwww . essex . ac . uk / lagb . electronic network : please join the lagb electronic network which is used for disseminating lagb information and for consulting members quickly . it can be subscribed to by sending the message """" add lagb """" to : listserv @ postman . essex . ac . uk . programme : monday 18 september 1995 2 . 00 workshop : """" ellipsis , focus and anaphora """" organised by david adger ( york ) ; participants : edwin williams ( princeton ) , caroline heycock ( edinburgh ) , ruth kempson , ( soas ) , wynn chao ( soas ) . 7 . 45 henry sweet lecture 1995 : edwin williams ( princeton ) tuesday 19 september 1995 session a 9 . 00 j . m . de wind ( amsterdam ) """" inverted subjects in french , nominative case - checking and expletive pro in antisymmetric minimalism """" 9 . 40 anna pettiward ( soas ) """" agreement & optionality in french : a conflicting account """" 10 . 20 alison henry ( university of ulster at jordanstown ) """" dialect variation and minimalist syntax """" session b 9 . 00 richard breheny ( ucl ) """" revisions in relevance theory and enrichment """" 9 . 40 vladimir zegarac ( middlesex ) """" three connectives in serbo - croat """" 10 . 20 anna papafragou ( ucl ) """" the comprehension of metonymy """" session c 9 . 00 andrew spencer ( essex ) """" agreement morphology is morphology """" 9 . 40 lynne j cahill & gerald gazdar ( sussex ) """" from syllable to inflection in german """" 10 . 20 andrew hippisley ( surrey ) """" russian lexeme formation : a lexeme-based approach to derivational morphology in datr """" session a 11 . 30 helge lodrup ( oslo ) """" norwegian resultatives , unaccusativity , and lexical mapping theory """" 12 . 10 corinne cortes ( barcelona ) """" the unaccusative hypothesis and the syntax - lexical semantics interface """" session b 11 . 30 marjolein groefsema ( hertfordshire ) """" processing for relevance """" 12 . 10 mark durrant - peatfield & william marslen - wilson """" the role of the discourse representation in immediate zero anaphor resolution """" session c 11 . 30 victoria c . mueller gathercole ( bangor / florida ) """" the acquisition of the mass / count distinction by bilingual vs . monolingual children """" 12 . 10 greville g . corbett and marianne mithun ( surrey and university of california , santa barbara ) """" associative forms in central alaskan yup ' ik : implications for the typology of number systems """" session a 2 . 00 richard hudson ( ucl ) """" syntactic complexity """" 2 . 40 josef taglicht ( the hebrew university of jerusalem ) """" syntactic constraints on intonational phrasing in english """" 3 . 20 dimitra kolliakou ( edinburgh ) """" possessives and pseudo - possessives : an hpsg account """" session b 2 . 00 hussein m . al - ageli ( essex ) """" optimally degenerate : super heavy syllables in msa """" 2 . 40 zaharani ahmad ( essex ) """" optimality and malay vowel sequences """" 3 . 20 kuniya nasukawa ( tohoku gakuin ) """" melodic structure and no constraint-ranking in japanese verbal inflexion """" session c 2 . 00 maggie tallerman ( durham ) """" the middle welsh ' historic infinitive ' """" 2 . 40 najib jarad ( bangor / aleppo ) """" the rise of """" for """" in middle english to - infinitives """" 3 . 20 m . siobh n cottell ( bangor ) """" predication in copular and cleft constructions in modern irish """" 4 . 30 lagb business meeting 5 . 30 special guest lecture greg stump ( kentucky ) """" the autonomy of morphomic indexing """" 7 . 45 language tutorial : kayardild nicholas evans ( melbourne ) wednesday 20 september 1995 session a 9 . 00 peter sells ( stanford ) """" ' subject ' raising in the philippine languages """" 9 . 40 jim miller ( edinburgh ) """" the english perfect and specific time adverbs """" session b 9 . 00 bruce l . peng ( singapore ) """" a rule - based analysis of nasal harmony """" 9 . 40 ann denwood ( london ) """" khalkha - mongolian - vowel harmony or head alignment """" 10 . 20 phillip backley and toyomi takahashi ( ucl and surugadai ) """" activate alpha : harmony without spreading """" session c 9 . 40 george j . xydopoulos ( ucl ) """" on aspect - sensitive adverbials in modern greek """" 10 . 20 inga kohlhof ( tuebingen ) """" the interaction of syntax and discourse reference in adverbial quantification in german """" session a 11 . 30 marga petter ( vrije universiteit amsterdam ) """" external authority theta - roles of deontic modals and their interference with control """" 12 . 10 miriam engelhardt ( the hebrew university ) """" control as predication """" session b 11 . 30 faisal al - mohanna ( essex ) """" on the role of extrametricality in stress systems """" 12 . 10 judith m . broadbent ( survey of english usage , ucl ) """" a reanalysis of certain consonant - vowel interactions in maltese arabic """" session c 11 . 30 akiko yoshimura ( osaka gakuin ) """" negative polarity in comparatives : the need for contrastive assumptions """" 12 . 10 michael t . wescoat ( osaka ) """" lexical sharing and english """" headless """" noun phrases """" 2 . 00 language tutorial : kayardild nicholas evans ( melbourne ) 4 . 00 tea and close booking form please return this form , with your remittance , by 25 august to : lagb 1995 , david britain and stella markantonatou , department of language and linguistics , university of essex , colchester , essex , great britain co4 3sq . please make cheques payable to """" university of essex """" . name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . name of your institution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . address for this mailing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . email address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i enclose remittance as indicated : either 1 . complete conference package ( a ) or ( b ) : ( a ) including monday lunch preceding workshop ( i ) if sent to arrive before 25 august 107-30 sterling . . . . . . . . . ( ii ) if sent to arrive after 25 august 119-22 sterling . . . . . . . . . . ( b ) excluding monday lunch ( i ) if sent to arrive before 25 august 99-83 sterling . . . . . . . . . . . . ( ii ) if sent to arrive after 25 august 110-92 sterling . . . . . . . . . . . . ( c ) surcharge for non-members , 5-00 sterling . . . . . . . . . . . . . total : or 2 . selected items ( a ) conference fee ( obligatory ) to cover cost of abstracts , tea and coffee , room bookings , speakers ' expenses etc . 15-00 sterling 15-00 ( b ) monday lunch 8-30 sterling ( c ) monday dinner 8-30 sterling ( d ) overnight stay monday / tuesday 25-63 sterling ( e ) tuesday breakfast 5-23 sterling ( f ) tuesday lunch 8-30 sterling ( g ) tuesday dinner 8-30 sterling ( h ) overnight stay tuesday / wednesday 25-63 sterling ( i ) wednesday breakfast 5-23 sterling ( j ) wednesday lunch 8-30 sterling sub - total : deduct 10 % if sent to arrive by 25 august : ( k ) surcharge for non-members , 5-00 sterling total : stlg or 3 . abstracts only , for those not attending . 4-00 sterling uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-00 sterling overseas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please indicate special requirements vegetarian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . parking permit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . other ( e . g . diet , accommodation , creche ) . . . . . . . . . . .
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 871,""Subject: are most people bilingual ? - - summary
  
  a few days ago i inquired about estimates of what portion of the world 's human population is bilingual . one motive i had in asking was to be able to """" shame """" my students into taking their language study seriously . """" be a mainstream human being ! """" , i would exhort them . i thank michael brody , eva fernandez , jussi karlgren , and ruth kearns for their informative replies ( insofar as there is information to be had on this topic ) . see reference list below . the authors point out that one problem with this question is the difficulty of defining """" bilingual """" , since most people so described are not equally proficient in both languages . some key excerpts follow : romaine ( 1995 : 8 ) : """" there are about thirty times as many languages as there are countries . this entails ( sic ) the presence of bilingualism in practically every country of the world . grosjean ( 1982 : vii ) estimates that about half the world 's population is bilingual . there are , however , no really precise figures on the number and distribution of speakers of two or more languages . """" grosjean ( 1982 : 2 ) : """" it is an interesting fact that no really precise statistics exist concerning the number and distribution of speakers of two or more languages . """" romaine ( 1995 : 9 ) quotes makey ( 1967 : 11 ) : """" bilingualism , far from being exceptional , is a problem ( sic ) which affects the majority of the world 's population . """" grosjean ( 1982 : 2 ) quotes lewis ( 1976 : 115 ) : """" bilingualism has been ( , ) and is ( , ) nearer to the normal situation than most people are willing to believe . """" end of quotations . you may remember that i asked if there were any _ principled _ estimates , and , so far as i can tell , the authors say little about the bases or reasoning behind their estimates . ruth kearns points out that """" estimates tend to come from the statistics on numbers of languages spoken in various countries and statisitics of population size in those countries . """" for me , it remains a wide-open question . jussi karlgren expressed an interesting hunch , """" . . . that the number of languages spoken has an inverse correlation with the average schooling of the general population in the area . """" rather than take this as a sarcastic commentary on the inefficacy of formal language teaching , i have taken the liberty of rationalizing it as follows : schooling tends to impose artificially a single standard language to the detriment of a plurality of languages spoken """" naturally """" . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = references grosjean , francois . 1982 . life with two languages . cambridge : harvard university press . lewis , e . g . 1976 . bilingualism and bilingual education : the ancient world to the renaissance . in bilingual education : an international sociological perspective , ed . j . fishman . rowley , mass . : newbury house . mackey , william francis . 1967 . bilingualism as a world problem / le bilinguisme , phenomene mondial . montreal : harvest house . mackey , w . f . 1976 . bilinguisme et contact des langues . paris : klinckseick . romaine , suzanne . 1995 ( 2nd ed . ) . bilingualism . oxford : blackwell . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = lee hartman ga5123 @ siucvmb . siu . edu department of foreign languages southern illinois university carbondale , il 62901-4521 u . s . a .
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 872,""Subject: fyi : umich phonetics training tools
  
  the university of michigan phonetics training tools is an ensemble of hypercard stacks designed to assist beginning students of phonetics in associating the symbols of the ipa , the sounds they represent , and the physiology underlying their production . the ptt """" skeleton """" currently available includes sound files , animated vocal tracts , and x - ray movies for each speech sound . audio - video resources can be accessed through an ipa - table interface or by manipulating a vocal tract on screen . also included are models for an ipa training game and a testing module , in which students are tested on their ability to associate ipa symbols , static vocal tract shapes , and physiological descriptions . there is a free demo copy available , containing the cartoon and x - ray for / p / , at the following url 's : http : / / www . umich . edu / ~ archive / linguistics / software / mac http : / / www . tmo . umich . edu / ling . html ( this is a cleaner , nicer url ) make sure to grab the readme file . if interested in the full version , send to um-ptt @ umich . edu
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 873,""Subject: summary : japanese historical linguistics
  
  dear world , a while ago i asked for help in compiling a list of books and articles on japanese historical linguistics , written / published in english or german . i thank chris brockett < chrisbro @ halcyon . com > gerald b mathias < mathias @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu > nicholas ostler < nostler @ chibcha . demon . co . uk > timothy j . vance < tjvan @ conncoll . edu > alexander vovin < avvovin @ miamiu . acs . muohio . edu > for the references they sent me , and i apologise to everyone for releasing the summary later than i had promised . here it is : * * * ikeda , t . _ classical japanese grammar illustrated with texts _ . soka gakkai , 1975 . lange , roland . _ the phonology of eighth - century japanese _ . monumenta nipponica monographs . tokyo : sophia university , 1973 . lewin , bruno . [ a grammar of classical japanese in german - - av ] martin , samuel e . _ the japanese language through time _ . new haven and london : yale university press , 1987 . [ humongous . compendious . essential for anyone starting out . - - cb ] [ this book is an unparalleled achievement in proto - japanese reconstruction , and all current work in the field is mainly based on martin 's reconstruction . - - av ] [ has its own very thorough bibliography . - - gm ] miller , roy andrew . _ the japanese language _ . chicago : university of chicago press , 1967 . miller , roy andrew . _ japanese and the other altaic languages _ . chicago : university of chicago press , 1971 . sansom , george bailey . _ an historical grammar of japanese _ . oxford : clarendon press , 1928 . [ seriously outdated , but still useful . - - av ] serafim , leon a . _ shodon : the prehistory of a northern ryukyuan dialect of japanese _ . yale university dissertation , 1984 . shibatani , masayoshi . _ the languages of japan _ . cambridge : cambridge university press , 1990 . unger , j . marshall . ` studies in early japanese morphophonemics ' . in : _ indiana university linguistics club _ , bloomington , 1977 . [ reprint of yale university dissertation ; recently available in a revised edition ? - - cb ] vance , timothy j . ` on the origin of voicing alternation in japanese consonants ' . _ journal of the american oriental society _ 102 ( 1982 ) : 333-341 . wen ( c ) k , gunther . _ japanische phonologie _ . [ old but very valuable . - - cb ] whitman , john b . _ the phonological basis for the comparison of japanese and korean _ . phd , harvard university , 1985 . [ this is supposed to appear from the u of michigan press in the not too distant future . - - cb ] whitman , john b . ` a rule of medial - r - loss in pre - old japanese ' . in : philip baldi ( ed . ) , _ linguistic change and reconstruction methodology _ , berlin : mouton de gruyter , 1990 , 511-545 . [ this is * the * paper that shows how to do historical comparison between japanese and other languages . whitman 's evidence that - r - loss correlates with pitch accent in middle korean is the japanese linguist 's answer to verner 's law , demonstrating beyond all doubt the historical relationship between japanese and korean . - - cb ] - ` man , is that no terrible ? [ . . . ] ah wunner whit we should dae wi ye ? ' ivan a derzhanski ( iad @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk ) ( j stuart , _ auld testament tales _ ) * centre for cognitive science , 2 buccleuch place , edinburgh eh8 9lw , uk * cowan house e113 , pollock halls , 18 holyrood pk rd , edinburgh eh16 5bd , uk
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 874,""Subject: language and legislation conference
  
  """" language legislation """" : an international conference organizers : dennis e . baron , english eyamba bokamba , division of english as an international language braj b . kachru , linguistics douglas a . kibbee , french dates : march 28-30 , 1996 . the university of illinois at urbana - champaign will host a conference on language legislation . a select group of invited speakers from around the world will address social issues such as community vs . individual rights , cultural survival , free trade and linguistic issues such as language and culture , language and power , bilingualism . language legislation and the concept of linguistic human rights have moved to the forefront of national and international news . in the united states , language legislation has taken the form of the national english language amendment , and a variety of state and local ordinances . in the us , legal solutions to perceived threats have quickly found their way to the courts , with appeals leading all the way to the united states supreme court . many other countries around the globe have erected legal barriers against the penetration of english or other languages perceived as threats . these laws often conflict with guarantees of individual human rights , such as the un charter or the d = e9claration des droits de l ' homme . in the realm of international law , language protection has colored debate on such issues as the general agreement on tariffs and trade ( gatt ) and has influenced the structure of international institutions like the european community and the united nations . for further information , contact : douglas a . kibbee language legislation conference department of french university of illinois 2090 foreign languages building / mc-158 707 south mathews avenue urbana il 61801 usa = 46ax : ( 1 ) ( 217 ) 244-2223 email : dkibbee @ ux1 . cso . uiuc . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dennis baron debaron @ uiuc . edu department of english office : 217-333 - 2392 university of illinois fax : 217-333 - 4321 608 south wright street home : 217-384 - 1683 urbana , illinois 61801
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 875,""Subject: 4 . internationale arbeitstagung f r computereinsatz in der
  
  historischen sprachwissenschaft > from martinez ( martinez @ em . uni-frankfurt . d400 . de ) : http : / / www . rz . uni-frankfurt . de / home / ftp / pub / titus / public _ html / personal / e-wien 95 . html 4 . internationale arbeitstagung f r computereinsatzin der historischen sprachwissenschaft ort : wien ( sterreich ) / viena ( austria ) . zeit : september 15 . - 17 . 1995 setiembre . committee : h . eichner . adresse : institut f r sprachwissenschaft der universit t luegerring 1 , a-1010 wien tel . : + 43 - 1-40103 - 2318 fax : + 43 - 1-4039080 e-mail : heiner . eichner @ univie . ac . at die ziele der tagung sind wiederum : 1 . die allgemeine nutzbarmachung des computers f r zwecke des jeweiligen fachs ( spezieller schriften f r verschiedene sprachen , programme zur manipulation indogermanischer und anderer textcorpora usw . ) ; 2 . die koordination der fachspezifischen internationalen historischen textdatenbank titus ; 3 . die abkl rung rechtlicher fragen im zusammenhang der erfassung von texten in datenbanken ( copyright ) ; 4 . die auslotung der m glichkeit des einsatzes von grafikprogrammen ( z . b . bearbeitung von inschriftenfotos , automatisierung der pal ographie , hilfe bei textentzifferungen ) . call for papers : wir m chten alle interessenten bitten , uns m glichst umgehend , sp testens aber bis 10 . august , themen f r referate zu benennen ( redezeit ca . 20 minuten ) . anbei finden sie ein formblatt f r die anmeldung . senden sie es bitte ausgef llt bis sp testens 10 . august an das tagungssekretariat . eine teilnahmegeb hr von ats 100 , - wird bei tagungsbeginn eingehoben . zimmerreservierungen richten sie bitte ausschliealich mittels beiliegendem formular ( auch per fax m glich ) an das sterreichische verkehrsb ro . angemeldete teilnehmer erhalten ein weiteres rundschreiben mit angaben zum abhaltungsort und ablauf der tagung . mit freundlichen gr aen , an das institut f r sprachwissenschaft der universit t wien luegerring 1 a-1010 wien name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . adresse : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tel . , e-mail : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . referat : o ja o nein titel des referats : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . datum : . . . . . . . . . . unterschrift : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ende / fin
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 876,""Subject: research studentship in phonetics
  
  ph . d . research studentship in phonetics at central lancashir university duration : 3 years funding : stlg 4910 plus allowances and fees ( under review ) topic : research in intonation joint project between linguistics , psychology and elec . engineering proposed area is """" alignment of f0 contours and syllable structure """" ; it will involve instrumental analysis of naturally occurring speech and also some perception experiments . applicants who would like to undertake a project with a different focus are encouraged to submit them . closing date 4th august for further information : contact c . d . smith @ uclan . ac . uk or a . wichmann @ uclan . ac . uk ( after 23rd july ) ( anne wichmann )
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 877,""Subject: sum : word processors for linguists
  
  summary of question about numbered examples , etc . in word 2 for windows first of all i want to thank all those who showed me how to number examples in word and gave me other advice . secondly , i want to apologize for not mentioning that i was referring to windows programs , and not mac programs . most people who wrote figured that one out , probably from the version numbers . in what follows , my comments are in square brackets . this was the original question : > i am thinking of moving ( """" migrating """" ? ) from wordperfect 6 to ms word > 6 , which came bundled with my new computer , and would like to know if people > with similar experiences have anything of interest to say about such a move , > such as for example any good references to look into ( that are not too basic ; > the software did n't come with a reference manual , just the online manual ) . > > two specific questions : > > 1 ) numbered examples : wp can set up counters , which is how i dealt with > numbered examples . word does n't seem to have a similar > capability ? could that be possible ? how do people deal with automatic > numbering of examples in word ( as well as cross-references to examples ) ? > > 2 ) file manager : this is something where wp is better than word by a long > shot , but i understand there are add-ons for word out there . has anybody > heard of this ? > > 3 ) search software : while i ' m at it , i just got a message about a software > utility called powersearch , by commtech , which has powerful search mechanisms > and works in word or wordperfect ( there are two versions ) . has anyone had > any experience with this ? ( it is obtainable with ftp ) . windows vs . mac [ there are more than twice as much pcs out there than mac 's , but perhaps among linguists the percentages are more even . i ' m not ready to change though . i am quite happy with pcs thank you very much . ] you do n't say whether you ' re a mac or pc person , but the reviews of word 6 for mac were uniformly enormously negative : they actually ported woindows onto the mac ! since we mac users continually have to escape the really lousy windows imitations of things the mac does gracefully , we can't imaging why they did that ! the macuser review recommended nisuswritier as the word processor of choice now ( and if you are evern going to use alien scripts , there 's no substitute ) ; but you shluld also look at framemaker ( abvailable for lots of platforms , ioncluding windows ) ; it can number an idefinitely large number of different series , cross-refer between chapters that are separate files , etc . it only is n't woldscript - sensitive . ( version 4 . 0 . 4 was sort of , but was buggy , and in the just-released version 5 , they abancdoned it . ) wordperfect vs . word [ the advantage of wp for linguists is definitely the special characters it supports , though the special fonts that come with wp ( which are true type ) will work , i believe , with word , so word users can get a hold of these true type fonts from their wp user friends . ] i am in a similar situation : my new office computer came with microsoft office , which includes word . i toyed with the idea of switching from word perfect , but after a minimal amount of tinkering with word , i have about abandoned the idea . the main reason , for me , is that word perfect comes with a fairly extensive set of special characters , which i use a lot . they include several foreign alphabets , most of the ipa alphabet , characters for logical notation , and so forth . word , as far as i can tell , comes with hardly any of these . so i have about decided to erase office from my hard drive and install what i really use . numbered examples [ word can indeed number examples or anything at all . the terminology is a bit different though , which is why i was confused . in wp you set up counters , but in word you set up sequences . ] [ several people told me that they had gotten this to work , though they did n't all know how they did it . however , after they pointed me in the right direction , i was able to figure it out . ] you set up a counter by using the seq field ( look in your manual under fields ) . fields are somewhat like codes in wordperfect , they have links to things like counters ( chapter number , section , number ) or dates , file names , etc . one of the fields is seq . ( a ) chose : insert / field , click seq , which will give you a seq in the bottom window ; add """" ex / n """" to the right of the seq code in lower window , press return ( the ex is the name or identifier for the counter , the / n is to increase the number by 1 ) . the first time you do this a 1 will show up , the second a 2 , etc . ( you can set up more than one such counter / sequence by giving each sequence a diferent name an identifier ) ( there are many predefined sequences , e . g . { seq chapter } refers to chapter numbers . ) ( b ) you can create a macro , which then you can assign to a button or a key combination , which does : 1 ) choose a paragraph type you ' ve created which has the right margins , font size , etc . for your example paragraph ; and 2 ) right tab , ( , the stuff in ( a ) above , ) , left tab . ( c ) cross - referencing examples : very easy . first you have to create a bookmark for an example you want to cross-reference : a ) highlight the number created in ( a ) above ( along with the parentheses ) . b ) choose edit / bookmark , give the bookmark a name ( 40 characters ) , e . g . donkey _ sentence c ) when you want to refer to it , you type , e . g . , """" as we saw in example """" ; then you click insert / cross - reference , click bookmark , click the name of the bookmark , click insert . of course , many of these operations can be simplified with macros . there are many possibilities that i have n't mentioned . for instance , if you want to number the examples in ch . 3 in the format ( 3 . 1 ) , all you have to is before you insert the field for seq , you insert the field for the chapter . ] help on numbering in word 2 came from : numbering examples in dos : you are right , the automatic numbering of examples in word ( . 4 , . 5 & . 6 ) is inexistant which is a problem for linguists since we deal with a lot of examples in our text . if this can be of any interst for you i have found an excellent programm which allows me to do automatic numbering of examples as well as cross-references to examples in the text . the name of the program is renumber 1 . 2 and you can get it by writing to : jonathan mead ; 356 no . spaulding ave . ; los angele , ca ; usa 90036 or by e-mailing jonathan at : izzyt09 @ uclamvs i have been told that the fees for this programm are $ 15 . for student and $ 20 . for non student . [ i have used renumber in the past , and it works well . it is not as convenient as the features in word and wordperfect though . ] powerful searches if you are a mac user and are looking for super-sophisticated searching , try nisus which uses grep conventions and is the best going that i know of . regarding your 's earch ' question , there is a * lot * of stuff available out there , depending on the scope of your intended use . . . . if you ' re just going for personal use on 1 pc , you may want to look at eclipse find , not free , but only $ 99 , last time i looked . ( just my $ 0 . 02 ) . [ powersearch seems to be pretty nice . i downloaded it from simtel ( ftp oak . oakland . edu , cd simtel / win3 / winword ( or cd simtel / win3 / wpwin ) , and get the compressed binary file powersch . zip ( or searchwp . zip ) . unfortunatel this version has the powerful features locked , and to unlock them you have to send in $ 50 , which i have not done . the search possibilities seem pretty impressive . trees huge advantage if you would make use of it is that you can easily draw trees , using the integral drawing program ( from what people say , it sounds better than arboreal ) . i keep a little file of tree-parts . reference books [ i should say that the microsoft office professional cd-rom which came wih my computer does have all the manuals in it . af first , i was n't too excited about these electronic books , but now that i ' ve gotten used to the idea , it 's not so bad . ] books : i have borland 's running word 6 . it is fairly adequate . but it does not explain about styles and templates sufficiently , to my mind ( admittedly somewhat addled ) and it does not have enough information about long documents ( master documents ) . the index is useless , until you already know what you want to find out . the help system is extensive , though again it is sometimes hard to know what to ask it . depending on your learning style , you may be quite handicapped without a real manual , but happily there are commercial versions available at most bookstores """" prima visual learning guide for word 6 . 0 """" ( prima publishing , po box 1260bk rocklin , ca 95677 ) is an example . on the other hand , it is good to get used to the on-line help , because it 's always there . file managers what do you want to do ? delete files ? view files ? create directories ? windows file manager , while not the best option , offers much of this function , just a mouse click away . also , try word 's find file command ( under the file menu ) i was real happy when i figured out how to do this one : i knew you could look at a file in wp without opening it , but i was not sure how to do this in word : here 's how : from the file menu , choose find file . select the file whose contents you want to view . if you do n't see the file you are looking for , search for it : click on the search button , choose the drive and directory ( s ) you want to look in , make a wildcard filename ( like * . rev ) choose include subdirectories ( if you want to check your whole drive , etc ) , click on ok , and look at the list of files found . to preview the file , select preview in the view box ( still in the find file dialog box . then just click on the filename you want to look at , and you will see the first page on the screen . you can scroll through it to browse , you can delete , copy , open etc . by choosing the commands button . - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - jon aske home address : bates college 12 bardwell st . lewiston , maine 04240 , usa lewiston , maine 04240-6336 e-mail : jaske @ abacus . bates . edu - phone / fax : ( 207 ) 786-0589 - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = -
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 878,""Subject: job at max planck institute for psycholinguistics
  
  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - phd position at the max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen , the netherlands the max planck institute for psycholinguistics invites applications for a phd position in its language production research group . the dissertation work will concern an experimental investigation of semantic and morphophonological aspects of word production . the position will be available from 1st september 1995 . the duration of the appointment will be maximally three years . the salary will follow the guidelines of the max - planck gesellschaft . applicants should have a first degree ( bachelors or equivalent ) in psychology or linguistics . applications including a cv , a list of courses taken , and the names of two referents should be sent to : dr . ardi roelofs , max planck institute for psycholinguistics , p . o . box 310 , 6500 ah , nijmegen , the netherlands . tel : + 31-80 - 521320 . e - mail : ardi @ mpi . nl fax : + 31-80 - 521213 closing date for applications : three weeks after appearance of this advertisement .
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 879,""Subject: sum : metathesis
  
  back in may i posted a query on both linguist and an-lang ( austronesian languages and linguistics ) asking for references on treatments of metathesis using recent phonological theory . i was mainly interested in synchronic metathesis of c / v type , which occurs pervasively in dawan ( w . timor ) which i was doing a bit of work on . this is a summary of responses on both lists , which came from : juliette blevins , bob blust , jim fox , beth hume , greg kinkley , john mccarthy , andy pawley , john stonham , mark taber , and aone van engelenhoven . it turns out that metathesis has come to play a fairly important role in recent discussions of morphological and phonological theory . also more and more examples of metathesis as a synchronic phenomenon have been coming to light in various language descriptions . austronesian languages have provoked considerable interest , with rotuman probably the best known ( e . g . besnier 1987 ) , letinese ( van engelenhoven ) and dawan ( steinhauer , tarno et al . ) becoming better known in the literature , and ( chuck and barabara grimes p . c . ) a number of other languages of eastern indonesia exhibiting varieties of metathesis waiting in the wings for examination by theoreticians ( e . g . christensen and christensen 1992 ; coward 1990 ; coward and coward to appear ; marshall 1991 ; steven 1990 ; taber and taber 1992 - references provided by mark taber ) . metathesis is a relatively rare phenomenon in natural language . in a climate where theoreticians are wanting more and more to let universal principles and constraints explain the output of grammars , it appears to contravene constraints that both phonologists and morphologists would like to impose on languages . an important change suggested in autosegmental theory which was designed to accommodate some crucial instances of metathesis without appealing to movement rules , was the segregation of c and v tiers , applied to rotuman in besnier ( 1987 ) . since then moves have been made to make constraints and their interplay the foundation of theory more directly , and the trend seems to be towards abandoning such devices as tier segregation , at least in optimality theory . in optimality theory , one of the constraints suggested is that segments should preserve their linear order ( linearity : mccarthy 1995 ) . obviously overridden in heavily metathesising languages like dawan . in approaches within optimality theory ( mccarthy , hume ) one principle can dominate another principle , and therefore override it . in c / v metathesising languages , under certain conditions a principle demanding ( morpheme - or word - ) final closed syllables dominates others which would achieve contrary effects , allowing metathesis to occur [ apologies for mangling complex arguments in an attempt at one-line summary ] . another problem raised by metathesis in the realm of morphology is noted by stonham ( 1994 : 141 - 2 ) : """" it defies the use of concatenative accounts of morphological effects . . . it has been called upon as a key example of the need for process - based morphology in such works as anderson ( 1983 , 1992 ) , janda ( 1984 ) and zwicky ( 1988 ) """" . stonham argues to the contrary that difficulties encountered by combinatorial morphology in handling metathesis do not show that the theory is inadequate or processes like movement rules are needed : rather the difficulties reflect the fact that metathesis does not occur as a grammatical marker . he reanalyses several instances of apparent grammatical metathesis as resulting from phonological processes . this approach looks promising , at least for dawan , where much of the metathesis looks as if it could be ultimately prosodically motivated , although i can't prove that right now . although blevins ( 1994 ) is more about such things as vowel length than metathesis directly , the approach , which emphasises looking at metathesis not as an isolated phenomenon , but in the context of a full prosodic analysis , is admirable . such analysis would need to take into account discourse conditioning too , as noted by mark taber for luang . references anderson , stephen r . ( 1983 ) rules as ' morphemes ' in a theory of inflection . in d . rood ed . proceedings of the 1983 mid - america linguistics conference . 3-21 . boulder : u colorado . anderson , stephen r . ( 1992 ) a - morphous morphology . cambridge university press . besnier , niko ( 1987 ) an autosegmental approach to metathesis in rotuman . lingua 73 : 201-223 . blevins , juliette ( 1994 ) the bimoraic foot in rotuman phonology and morphology . oceanic linguistics . 33 . 2 : 491-516 . christensen , john and sylvia ( 1992 ) kisar phonology . in : phonological studies in four languages of maluku . ed . by donald a . burquest and wyn d . laidig : 33-65 . dallas : the summer institute of linguistics . coward , david f . ( 1990 ) an introduction to the grammar of selaru . m . a . thesis . arlington : university of texas at arlington . coward , david f . , and naomi coward . ( in press ) a phonological sketch of the selaru language . to appear in pacific linguistics . hume , elizabeth ( 1995 ) a prosodic theory of metathesis . ms . ohio state university . hume , elizabeth ( in press ) beyond linear order : prosodic constraints and c / v metathesis . proceedings of flsm6 . indiana linguistics club . janda , richard ( 1984 ) why morphological metathesis rules are rare : on the possibilities of historical explanation in linguistics . bls . 10 : 87-103 . mccarthy , john ( 1989 ) linear order in phonological theory . linguistic inquiry 20 . 1 : 71-100 . mccarthy , john ( 1995 ) extensions of faithfulness : rotuman revisited . ms . marshall , craig ( 1991 ) a phonology of fordata . m . a . thesis . arlington : university of texas at arlington . mettler , toni and heidi ( ? ) phonological sketch of yamdena . working papers in indonesian language & culture 8 29 - 79 steinhauer , hein ( 1991 ) morphemic metathesis in dawanese ( timor ) . paper to 6th international conference on austronesian linguistics . steinhauer , hein ( 1994 ) [ ? title ] on metathesis in dawanese verbs , in : ger . p . reesink ed . topics in descriptive austronesian linguistics , semaian 11 , leiden : dep . of languages & cultures of s . e . asia & oceania : 130-158 . steven , lee anthony . 1990 . the phonology of roma , an austronesian language of eastern indonesia . m . a . thesis . arlington : university of texas at arlington . stonham , john ( 1994 ) combinatorial morphology . amsterdam : jon benjamins . taber , mark , and kathy taber . 1992-ms . a phonological sketch of the luang language . unpublished manuscript . tarno , wakidi , s . j . mboeik , p . sawardo , s . kushyaryanto ( 1989 ) tata bahasa dawan . proyek penelitan bahasa dan sastra indonesia dan derah nusa tenggara timur pusat pembinaan dan pengembangan bahasa departemen pendidikan dan kebudayaan . van der hulst , harry & aone van engelenhoven ( 1995 ) metathesis effects in tutukeian - letinese , in harry van der hulst & jeroen van de weijer eds . leiden in last , proceedings ( or papers ? ) of hilp 1 . the hague : holland academic graphics . zwicky , arnold ( 1988 ) morphological rules , operations and operation types . escol . 4 : 318-334 .
 "",0
 880,""Subject: sum : a ( formerly ) productive morphological process ?
  
  about 3 weeks ago , i posted in linguist 6-954 a query regarding the status in current english of a compounding process , involving the use of a ` combining form ' ending in - o - , which had given us not only such ethnic / geograhical terms as ` anglo - saxon ' , ` afro - asiatic ' , and ` dano - norwegian ' but ` sociopolitical ' , ` socioeconomic ' , etc . i was prompted in this query by the recent replacement of the label ` afro - american ' by the fuller form ` african american ' and by the appearance in a new edition of a college textbook of the term ` european american ' to mean what i have long referred to as ` euro - american ' . the issue first came to my attention a few years ago through a column in the university of illinois newspaper , in which an undergraduate woman of african ancestry explicitly rejected the label ` black ' on the grounds that it is , technically , inaccurate ; the skins of the people in question are merely a darker shade of brown than those of europeans . having said this , she then went on to reject the label ` afro - american ' because she could n't find ` afro ' on a map . as a linguist , i naturally wondered if she was unaware of the general compounding process involved . then a few weeks ago at work i found that the authors of the above-mentioned textbook ( on sociology , if i remember correctly ) had meticulously replaced every instance of the label ` white ' in the previous edition with the expression ` european - american ' . i began wondering if i was seeing a trend . first of all , i would like to thank the following respondents : lynne cahill < lynneca @ cogs . susx . ac . uk > lee hartman < ga5123 @ siucvmb . siu . edu > larry horn < lhorn @ yalevm . cis . yale . edu > james kirchner < jpkirchner @ aol . com > kevin lemoine < lemoine @ mail . utexas . edu > the general consensus seems to be that the ascendency of the full expression ` african - american ' can be dated to a speech by the rev . jesse jackson in the late 80 's . to quote lee hartman : ` i think the entire """" phenomenon """" can be attributed to a single individual , and with alittle research we could even determine the precise date when he made his announcement . this is a textbook case of """" pristine """" etymology ( where the historical events giving rise to a word are still alive in the memories of living witnesses ) . ` i ' m referring to an announcement made by jackson to the effect that he felt the term """" black """" had too many negative connotations , and that he wanted to institute a more dignified term for americans descended from africans . ` i think jackson said explicitly that he briefly considered the term """" afro - american """" , but he rejected it on the grounds that """" afro """" was too closely equated with a particular hair-style , and he did n't want a term that would suggest merely """" americans who wear afro hair-do 's """" . ' a second motivating consideration mentioned by some of my respondents was that the reduction of ` african ' to ` afro - ' involved in the formation of the older ` afro - american ' might be interpreted as deemphasis and might thus be irritating , if not offensive , to people who regard their african heritage as a matter of pride . this is quite plausible , although it is n't consistent throughout the general speech community : it is not the case that every english speaker , in every circumstance , regards the formation of the - o - combining form from some word for the purpose of coining a compound involves the deemphasis of that word or its referent . for instance , in regarding myself as a ` euro - american ' i definitely emphasize the ` euro - ' part . and another of my respondents pointed out progovac ' recent rejection of the label ` serbo - croatian ' in favour of ` serbian / croatian ' on the grounds that the older / more traditional / conven - tional label places too * much * emphasis on the serbian component . on a somewhat parallel note , one of my respondents suggested that the form ` euro - ' might be rejected because , at least to an american , its most obvious association is with the expression ` eurotrash ' , which i have to admit is not part of my experience ; i am more accustomed to its usage in europe , in which it tends to connote ` cosmopolitan ' or at least ` pan - european ' as opposed to narrowly nationalistic . on the broader question addressed by my query , there appears to be no evidence that the morphological process of creating combining forms in - o - is itself on the way out in english ; only one or two instantiations of it are currently being rejected by some people for sociopolitical reasons . as to the past history of this process in english ( it 's presumably either borrowed from or heavily encouraged by greek ) , i have so far heard very little . best , steven - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dr . steven schaufele 712 west washington urbana , il 61801 217-344 - 8240 fcosws @ prairienet . org * * * * o syntagmata linguarum liberemini humanarum ! * * * * * * nihil vestris privari nisi obicibus potestis ! * * *
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 881,""Subject: new www - server in germany
  
  hi there , i thought some of you ( esp . germans ) would like to know that we are funding a new www - server for german linguistics in essen ( germany ) . there are links to other interesting sites and we are also going to provide papers - there are already a few . unfortunaltely its written in german , but we are going to provide an english version , too . there are already two papers in english . check it out if you want and tell me what you think of this . : http : / / www . uni-essen . de / fb3 / linse / home . htm thanks in advance + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + elisabeth coelfen voice : + 49-2065 - 67180 fax : + 49-2065 - 64229 email : se178co @ uni-duisburg . de oder compuserve : 100577 , 1055 http : / / www . uni-essen . de / fb3 / linse / ecoelfen . htm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
 "",0
 882,""Subject: aisb96 call for workshop proposals
  
  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - aisb-96 : call for workshop proposals - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for workshop proposals : aisb-96 university of sussex , brighton , england april 1 - - 2 , 1996 society for the study of artificial intelligence and simulation of behaviour ( ssaisb ) workshop series chair : dave cliff , university of sussex local organisation chair : alison white , university of sussex the aisb is the uk 's largest and foremost artificial intelligence society - - now in it 's 32nd year . the society has an international membership of nearly 900 drawn from both academia and industry . membership is open to anyone with interests in artifical intelligence and the cognitive and computing sciences . the aisb committee invites proposals for workshops to be held at the university of sussex campus , on april 1st and 2nd , 1996 . the aisb workshop series is held in even years during the easter vacation . in odd years workshops are held immediately before the biennial conference . the intention of holding a regular workshop series is to provide an administrative and organisational framework for workshop organisers , thus reducing the administrative burden for individuals and freeing them to focus on the scientific programme . accommodation , food , and social events are organised for all workshop participants by the local organisers . proposals are invited for workshops relating to any aspect of artificial intelligence or the simulation of behaviour . proposals , from an individual or a pair of organisers , for workshops between 0 . 5 and 2 days long will be considered . workshops will probably address topics which are at the forefront of research , but perhaps not yet sufficiently developed to warrant a full-scale conference . in addition to research workshops , a ' postgraduate workshop ' has become a successful regular event over recent years . this event focuses on how to survive the process of studying for a phd in ai / cognitive science , and has a hybrid workshop / tutorial nature . we welcome proposals , particularly from current phd survivors , to organise the 1996 postgraduate workshop at sussex . for further information on organising the postgraduate workshop , please see the aisb96 web page ( address below ) or contact dave cliff or alison white . proposals for tutorials will also be considered , and will be assessed on individual merit : please contact dave cliff or alison white for further details of submission of tutorial proposals . it is the general policy of aisb to only approve tutorials which look likely to be financially viable . submission : - - - - - - - - - - a workshop proposal should contain the following information : 1 . workshop title 2 . a detailed outline of the workshop . this should include the necessary background and the potential target audience for the workshop and a justified estimate of the number of possible attendees . please also state the length and preferred date ( s ) of the workshop . specify any equipment requirements , indicating whether the organisers would be expected to meet them . 3 . a brief resume of the organiser ( s ) . this should include : background in the research area , references to published work in the topic area and relevant experience , such as previous organisation or chairing of workshops . 4 . administrative information . this should include : name , mailing address , phone number , fax , and email address if available . in the case of multiple organisers , information for each organiser should be provided , but one organiser should be identified as the principal contact . 5 . a draft call for participation . this should serve the dual purposes of informing and attracting potential participants . the organisers of accepted workshops are responsible for issuing a call for participation , reviewing requests to participate and scheduling the workshop activities within the constraints set by the workshop organiser . they are also responsible for submitting a collated set of papers for their workshop to the workshop series chair . workshop participants will receive bound photocopies of the collated set of papers , with copyright retained by the authors . individual workshop organisers may wish to approach publishers to discuss publication of workshop papers in journal or book forms . dates : - - - - - intentions to organise a workshop should be made known to the workshop series chair ( dave cliff ) as soon as possible . proposals must be received by october 1st 1995 . workshop organisers will be notified by october 15th 1995 . organisers should be prepared to send out calls for workshop participation as soon as possible after this date . collated sets of papers to be received by march 15th 1996 . proposals should be sent to : dave cliff aisb96 workshop series chair school of cognitive and computing sciences university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh u . k . email : davec @ cogs . susx . ac . uk phone : + 44 1273 678754 fax : + 44 1273 671320 electronic submission ( plain ascii text ) is highly preferred , but hard copy submission is also accepted , in which case 5 copies should be submitted . proposals should not exceed 2 sides of a4 ( i . e . 120 lines of text approx . ) . general enquiries should be addressed to : alison white aisb96 local organisation chair school of cognitive and computing sciences university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh u . k . email : alisonw @ cogs . susx . ac . uk phone : + 44 1273 678448 fax : + 44 1273 671320 a copy of this call , with further details for workshop organisers ( including a full schedule ) , is available on the www from : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / aisb / aisb96 / cfw . html a plain - ascii version of the web page is available via anonymous ftp from : % ftp ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk login : anonymous password : [ your _ email @ your _ address ] ftp cd pub / aisb / aisb96 ftp get [ filename ] * ftp quit * files available at present are : readme call _ for _ proposals
 "",0
 883,""Subject: ranlp ' 95 program
  
  international conference """" recent advances in natural language processing """" tzigov chark , bulgaria 14 - 16 sept 1995 call for participation location : tzigov chark is a beautiful resort in the rhodope mountains on the shore of batak lake . tzigov chark is 150km from sofia , the capital of bulgaria . program : 14 september morning session 9 . 00 invited paper aravind joshi ( usa ) some linguistic , computational and statistical implications of lexicalized grammars 9 . 40 mihoko kitamura , yuji matsumoto ( japan ) a mt system based on translation rules acquired from parallel corpora 10 . 10 ye - yi wang and alex waibel ( usa ) connectionist transfer in machine translation 10 . 40 coffee break 11 . 10 marcel cori , michel de fornel , j . m . marandin ( france ) parsing repairs 11 . 40 udo hahn , michael strube ( germany ) parsetalk about textual ellipsis 12 . 10 hideki kozima , akira ito ( japan ) context - sensitive measurement of word distance by adaptive scaling of a semantic space afternoon session 15 . 00 ruslan mitkov ( germany ) two engines are better than one : generating more power and confidence in the search for the antecedent 15 . 30 malgorzata stys ( uk ) , stefan zemke ( sweden ) incorporating discourse aspects in polish - english mt : towards robust implementation 16 . 00 tadashi nomoto ( japan ) effects of grammatical annotation on a topic identification task coffee break 17 . 00 victoria arranz , ian radford , sofia ananiadou , jun - ichi tsujii ( uk ) towards a sublanguage-based semantic clustering algorithm 17 . 30 r . basili , m . della rocca , maria pazienza , p . velardi ( italy ) contexts and categories : tuning a general purpose verb classification to sublanguages 18 . 00 marie owens , p . o'boyle , f . j . smith ( uk ) a missing-word evaluation of statistical language model performance using human subjects 15 september morning session 9 . 00 invited paper jun - ichi tsujii ( uk ) machine translation : productivity and conventionality of language 9 . 40 david d . palmer ( usa ) experiments in multilingual sentence boundary recognition 10 . 10 harris papageorgiou ( greece ) clause recognition in the framework of alignment 10 . 40 coffee break 11 . 10 jung h . shin , young s . han , young c . park , key s . choi ( korea ) a hmm part - of - speech tagger for korean with wordphrasal relations 11 . 40 kuang - hua chen , hsin - hsi chen ( taiwan ) a corpus-based approach to text partition 12 . 10 khalil sima ' an ( holland ) an optimized algorithm for data oriented parsing afternoon session 15 . 00 christer samuelsson ( germany ) example - based optimization of surface - generation tables 15 . 30 kalina boncheva ( bulgaria ) generation of multilingual explanations from conceptual graphs 16 . 00 akito nagai , ishikawa yasushi , nakajima kunio ( japan ) concept - driven search algorithm incorporating semantic interpretation and speech recognition coffee break 17 . 00 german rigau claramunt and eneko agirre ( spain ) a proposal for word sense disambiguation using conceptual distance martin simon ulmann ( switzerland ) decomposing german compound nouns 17 . 20 jan schaake and geert - jan m . kruijff ( holland ) information states based analysis of dialogues zaharin yusoff ( malaysia ) unification - like attribute operations in the string-tree correspondence grammar 17 . 20 galja angelova ( bulgaria ) naive lexicon or cryptic formalismus ? user support in machine aided translation franklin cho ( usa ) implementing scrambling in korean : a principles and parameters approach 17 . 40 fuji ren , lixin fan ( japan ) reservable structural ambiguities and its application in japanese - chinese machine translation matthew hurst ( uk ) parsing for targeted errors in controlled languages 16 september morning session 9 . 00 invited paper christian boitet ( france ) and mutsuko tomokiyo ( japan ) ambiguities and ambiguity labelling : towards ambiguity databases 9 . 40 ivan bretan , maans engstedt and bjoern gambaeck ( sweden ) a multimodal environment for telecommunication specifications 10 . 10 inaki alegria , xabier artola , kepa sarasola ( spain ) improving a robust morphological analyzer using lexical transducers 10 . 40 coffee break 11 . 10 wiebke ramm and claudia villiger ( germany ) global text organization and sentence - grammatical realization : towards a discourse - level control of grammatical selections 11 . 40 jan schaake and geert - jan m . kruijff ( holland ) discerning relevant information in discourses using tfa 12 . 10 olivier ferret and brigitte grau ( france ) an episodic memory for understanding and learning afternoon session 15 . 00 ismail biskri , jean pierre descles ( france ) applicative and combinatory categorial grammar ( from syntax to functional semantics ) 15 . 30 hang li and naoki abe ( japan ) generalizing case frames using a thesaurus and the mdl principle 16 . 00 allan ramsay , reinhard schaeler ( ireland ) case and word order in english and german coffee break 17 . 00 akira utsumi ( japan ) how to interpret irony by computer : a comprehensive framework for irony manfred kudlek ( germany ) some formal aspects of time , tense and aspect 17 . 20 jawad berri , dominique le roux , denise malrieu , jean - luc minel ( france ) seraphin , an automatic system for main sentences extraction chadia moghrabi , l . girard , m . s . eid ( canada ) chemistry : a new domain for a portable text generation system 17 . 40 marie christine villain , philippe trigano , jean deloire ( france ) intelligent textual database and automatic aquisition of word associations nigel collier ( uk ) contextual meta-knowledge acquisition from corpora conference information : for further information please contact : prof . ruslan mitkov < mitkov @ informatik . uni-hamburg . de > or nicolas nicolov < nicolas @ edinburgh . aisb . ac . uk > conference venue : the conference will take place in hotel """" orpheus """" , tzigov chark , which accomodates up to 50 participants . we have chosen a small and cosy conference hotel to create a better and friendlier working and social environment : however this implies restrictions on the availability of single rooms and participants will be normally offered to share 2 - bed rooms or have a single room in a nearby hostel . since only limited number of rooms are available , those interested in attending the conference are encouraged to register as early as possible . late registrations could not be guaranteed . location and transportation : tzigov chark is situated on the shore of the beautiful batak lake in the western rhodope mountains and is 150km from sofia , the capital of bulgaria . the local organisers will provide a daily shuttle bus / conference taxi from sofia airport to the summer school location at an inexpensive rate . sofia is easily accessible by plane from most major european cities ( e . g . daily flights or several flights per week from london , frankfurt , paris , zurich , vienna and other european cities ) . there are also direct flights to sofia from north america ( new york , toronto ) and asia ( singapore , bangkok , kuala lumpur ) . in order to enable the local organisers to plan the shuttle service efficiently , please contact victoria arranz < victoria @ ccl . umist . ac . uk > with details about your journey ( arrival / departure time and date ) at least 2 weeks before you leave for the summer school . related events : the conference participants are also invited to take part in the int . summer school """" contemporary topics in computational linguistics """" , which will take place immediately before the conference in the same hotel . further information about the conference can be obtained from : prof . r . mitkov < mitkov @ informatik . uni-hamburg . de > or nicolas nicolov < nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk > or you can have a look at the following www page at url : http : / / www . dai . ed . ac . uk / misc / nlp _ conf . html registration for the conference : kindly note that bank processing charges are at the expense of the participants . international conference """" recent advances in natural language processing """" registration form name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration fee ( after 1 august ) . : _ _ _ _ 210 usd for industrial participants 170 usd for academic staff 130 usd for students accommodation + half-board : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 30 usd per day per person ) specify days - sept 1995 . : [ ] 13 , [ ] 14 , [ ] 15 , [ ] 16 , [ ] 17 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = total amount in usd sent . : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date of bank transfer . . . : 1995 bank transfer reference no : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to bank account ( tick one ) : [ ] bank . . . . : amex account no . : 00710 756 of first private bank pls , bulgaria instructions : for onward credit to first private bank , shoumen branch - nikolai nikolov account in usd : 95079620 4 1 00 2560 1 4 address of receipient : nikolai nikolov incoma , p . o . box 20 9700 shumen , bulgaria tel : + 359-54 5 69 48 ( office ) email : nikolov @ incoma-td . bg * or * [ ] bank . . . . : citibank new york account no . : 36015 992 of first private bank pls , bulgaria instructions : for onward credit to first private bank , shoumen branch - nikolai nikolov account in usd : 95079620 4 1 00 2560 1 4 address of receipient : nikolai nikolov incoma , p . o . box 20 9700 shumen , bulgaria tel : + 359-54 5 69 48 ( office ) email : nikolov @ incoma-td . bg email your registration forms to : nicolas nicolov < nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk >
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 884,""Subject: edt
  
  job openings in speech and language processing bbn systems and technologies , cambridge , ma the speech and language processing department at bolt beranek and newman inc . has several exciting positions in speech recognition , language understanding and character recognition . to apply send your resume and indication of which position you are interested in to karen nicholson ( knicholson @ bbn . com ) . positions : applied computational linguist work with a research team to develop fieldable technology including advance prototypes and products in information extraction systems , including name recognition and template fill from newswire . experience in applying computational linguistics to real applications , excellent skills as a programmer in c / c + + / lisp , and degree in computer science or related field required . u . s . citizenship and willingness to get a dod clearance required . statistical computational linguist reserach and development of new techniques and software for processing large corpora , including languages other than english , and language modeling for speech and nl systems . masters or phd in computer science or related area , strong math / stat background , strong c programming skills required . experience in lisp , splus , perl a plus . u . s . citizenship and fluency in a second language desirable . entry level researcher participate in a research group developing algorithms and building systems for advanced speech and language technologies , provide support by implementing algorithms , running experiments , collecting and analyzing data . bachelor 's level in computer science , engineering , or related field , excellent undergraduate gpa , experience in university research lab or summer internship , and programming skills in c / c + + and unix required . some experience in speech or language technology a plus . u . s . citizenship and willingness to get a dod clearance desirable . applications engineer design and implement applications at the cutting edge of speech and language technology , such as medical dictation , reading and language learning assistants , transcription of telephone speech for deaf listeners , topic identification from video , voice mail transcription , information extraction systems . requirements : extensive experience in advance technology software systems , including product-level code and documentation ; master level programmer in c / c + + , with at least one year 's experience each in unix and ms windows ; experience in graphical user interfaces ; bachelor 's or masters degree in computer science . lisp experience helpful . experience in fields related to speech and natural language a plus . u . s . citizenship and willingness to get a dod clearance desirable . algorithm developer work with a research team designing and implementing algorithms for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition , systems incorporating voice input and output such as spoken language systems , and optical character recognition . requirements include master 's in computer science , mathematics , engineering , or related field or equivalent expereince and excellent programming skills in c / c + + and unix . background in one or more of the following areas desirable : statistical modeling , pattern recognition , speech processing , character recognition . knowledge of lisp , splus , and perl a plus . the speech and language processing department of bbn systems and technologies , a subsidiary of bolt beranek and newman inc . ( nyse : bbn ) , has been a world leader in computer-based speech and language research and development for 25 years . the department continues to make cutting-edge advances in the areas of speech recognition , speaker and language identification , natural language understanding , interactive spoken language systems , and data extraction from text .
 "",0
 885,""Subject: 
  
  university of massachusetts occasional papers in linguistics , volume 18 : papers in optimality theory . ed . by j . beckman , l . walsh dickey and s . urbanczyk . pb . viii + 705 pp . $ 16 + s / h ( $ 3 domestic , $ 4 foreign surface . graduate linguistic student association ( glsa ) , university of massachusetts , amherst . this collection of recent work in optimality theory includes both syntax and phonology papers . the full table of contents , along with ordering information , may be obtained from glsa @ linguist . umass . edu . below is a list of authors whose work is included in umop 18 . mahasen abu - mansour ; john alderete ; jill beckman ; laura benua ; pat deevy ; mike dickey ; jane grimshaw & vieri samek - lodovici ; david holton ; junko ito & armin mester ; greg lamontagne & keren rice ; geraldine legendre , colin wilson , paul smolensky , kristin homer & william raymond ; linda lombardi ; john mccarthy & alan prince ; jaye padgett ; sam rosenthall ; lisa selkirk ; tim sherer ; peggy speas ; suzanne urbanczyk ; ellen woolford ; jennifer yearley . available in september . prepaid orders are encouraged . e - mail : < glsa @ linguist . umass . edu > two new books from kluwer : duffield , particles and projections in irish syntax july 1995 , 374 pp . , hardbound isbn 0-7923 - 3550 - 3 , nlg 220 . 00 booij , yearbook of morphology 1994 april 1995 , 320 pp . , hardbound isbn 0-7923 - 3244 - x , nlg 280 . 00 you can find additional information on kluwer 's gopher - server : gopher . wkap . nl
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 886,""Subject: teach english in germany ?
  
  the university of regensburg , germany , announces an unanticipated vacany for a position of lektor , to teach english for a period of up to five years . an informal job description follows . applications should reach me by august 21 ; the job should be taken up at the beginning of our winter term , nov . 1 . candidates who reacted to a similar announcement earlier this year should state there continuing interest but need not submit full applications . do n't hesitate to ask me if there are any further questions . edgar schneider edgar . schneider @ sprachlit . uni-regensburg . de lektors in the english department ( institut fuer anglistik und amerikanistik ) of the university of regensburg an informal job description i . job description in their capacities as native speakers of english and citizens of the english - speaking countries , lektors in the english department of the university of regensburg teach courses in two specific areas : practical language instruction ( i . e . english as a foreign language ) and landeskunde ( i . e . introductory courses in british / american / canadian culture , history , geography etc . ) . practical language courses are taught at various levels ( introductory , intermediate , advanced ) and include : translation ( german into english ; english into german is taught by german instructors ) ; composition ( essay - writing and discussion at all levels ) ; english grammar ( with a comparative view of english a nd german grammar ) ; vocabulary ; phonetics ( mostly language lab instruction ) ; general language courses which combine many aspects of the course s mentioned above . also , lektors are responsible for devi sing and administering tests in these areas . landeskunde courses are designed to give the students a general outline of british / american / canadian culture , history , geography , economics etc . there are survey courses for beginners and courses on special topics for advanced students ( e . g . ethnic problems , educational systems , recent history , political institutions , etc . ) . ii . required qualifications prospective applicants for the position of lektor must be native speakers of english and fluent in german , and they must have lived in an english - speaking country for two years prior to employment . c andidates must have at least a master 's degree in english , linguistics , german , or possibly some related field ; a ph . d . or abd status woul d be a plus . also , they should have some formal training in t eaching english as a foreign language ( tesol ) ; for applicants from great britain , the tefl exam is required . some teaching experience , for example as graduate assistants , preferably in german or engl ish as a foreign language , or , a previous stay of a few months or more in a german - speaking country would be helpful . as this is a non-tenure position , candidates should make clear that in the long r un they seek a professional career in their home country , for which a temporary stay in germany would be beneficial , however . iii . working conditions lektors are given a two-year contract which may be renewed for another three-year period ( but the employment period cannot be extended beyond those five years ) . the teaching load is 16 hours per week ( 4 to 8 different courses ) during the semester ( the winter semester lasts from november through february , the summer semester from may through july ) , and probably about one course per semester break ( fall and spring ) , depending on other activities . further duties include participation in the planning , administering , and correction of various exams , some student tutoring , some participation in t he administrative business of the institute , and occasional service functions as native speakers for other department members . thus , during the months of march and april and august through october , l ektors must be present at the university , unless they are on vacation ( roughly 5 to 6 weeks per year , depending on age and legal regulations ) or special leave of absence . job duties do not include re search work , although the job should leave some spare time for such activities . the salary is calculated according to the bat iia scale of the german civil service . there are fringe benefits . salary and fringe benefits depend on age and family status . for those lektors employed during the whole calendar year there is a thirteenth monthly salary ( otherwise , the appropriate fractions are paid for each month of employment ) . altogether , the average salary of a lektor currently amounts to roughly between 48 , 000 and 55 , 000 dm net per annum . the salary is paid in monthly instalments . please send applications or requests for further information to : prof . dr . edgar w . schneider , universit , t regensburg , institut fuer anglistik und amerikanistik , d-93040 regensburg , phone no . [ 011-49 - ] ( 0941 ) 943 3470 , fax no . [ 011-49 - ] ( 0941 ) 943 4992 , e-mail : edga r . schneider @ sprachlit . uni-regensburg - de . edgar . schneider @ sprachlit . uni-regensburg . de university of regensburg , 93040 regensburg , germany phone ( int . line ) - 49-941 - 9433470 fax ( int . line ) - 49-941 - 9434992
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 887,""Subject: lab equipment
  
  at the university of evora ( portugal ) we are trying to establish a laboratory of linguistics . we wonder if anyone could give information about useful material for such a laboratory : equipment , hardware and software . thanks in advance . francisco de assis mira espada universidade de evora departamento de linguistica e literaturas apartado 94 7001 evora codex e mail : fme @ evunix . uevora . pt
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 888,""Subject: parsing preference in v2 languages
  
  it has been claimed ( incorrectly ) that a german sentence with nominative / accusative case syncretism like ( 1 ) is unambiguous , with the clause-initial noun phrase construed as the subject . ( 1 ) die tochter hat die mutter gek """" usst . the-nom / acc daughter has the-nom / acc mother kissed allegedly only svo : the daughter kissed the mother . allegedly not ovs : the mother kissed the daughter . although ( 1 ) is in fact ambiguous , the svo interpretation does seem to be preferred over the ovs interpretation , at least in out-of - the-blue contexts . can anyone steer me to a discussion of such examples ( in german or any other verb-second language ) in the parsing literature ? many thanks , beatrice santorini b-santorini @ nwu . edu
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 889,""Subject: multiple etymological sources in one domain
  
  i ' m looking for examples of languages in which , within one lexical domain , some lexemes come from one language source and some from another . for example , in english kin terms , almost all the lexemes are from a germanic source - - e . g . , mother , father , sister , brother ; but the grand in grandmother and grandfather is from romance . another example would be english 's germanic lexemes for domestic animals """" on the hoof """" , but french - derived ones for their meat ( pork , veal , beef ) . thanks . if there is sufficient interest , i ' ll post a summary . george l . huttar 7500 w . camp wisdom rd . dallas , tx 75236 huttar @ sil . org u . s . a . 1-214 - 709-2400 ext . 2250 fax 1-214 - 709-3380
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 890,""Subject: nyankore
  
  i am looking for any data ( grammar , lexicon , etc ) on nyankore , a bantu language in southern uganda . i have heard that a grammar was recently released in uganda , details unknown . peterross thai / linguistics australian national university
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 891,""Subject: summary : chomsky 's """" single mutation """"
  
  a couple of weeks ago i posted a query about an alleged quotation from chomsky . the quote came from gordon hewes , an anthropologist and a specialist in language origins , in his 1977 paper ` language origin theories ' in duane rumbaugh 's book _ language learning by a chimpanzee _ , on page 43 . there hewes asserts that chomsky has explicitly attributed the human language faculty to a single genetic mutation in one of our ancestors . the source was given as """" chomsky ( 1967 ) """" , but no such item appears in hewes 's bibliography , nor indeed any works by chomsky at all . i therefore asked if anybody could point to such a statement in chomsky 's works . i received seven responses , most of them from people who either know chomsky personally or who take a professional interest either in chomsky 's work or in language origins . no one was aware of any such statement by chomsky , either in print or elsewhere , and a couple of people flatly disbelieve that chomsky has ever said any such thing . i myself have tracked down and read all of chomsky 's 1967 publications which might be relevant , and i can find no such suggestion in any of them , though two of them do make passing remarks on language origins . i have also skimmed through chomsky 's books _ cartesian linguistics _ ( 1966 ) , _ language and mind _ ( 1968 , 1972 ) and _ knowledge of language _ ( 1986 ) without finding any such statement ( though i have n't read them carefully ) . it appears , then , that chomsky has made no such suggestion , and that hewes 's statement must result from some kind of error or misunderstanding . i find this odd , though , since hewes is well known as a specialist in language origins and since the remark occurs in the middle of a generally well-documented survey of earlier suggestions on the origin and evolution of language . most peculiar . my thanks to keith mccormick , robert freidin , scott delancey , vivian cook , rich hilliard , massimo piattelli - palmarini , and raf salkie for their helpful responses . larry trask cogs university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh england larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk
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 892,""Subject: sum : portugese
  
  here is a summary of the responses i received to my recent request for references on portuguese language and linguistics ( comments in brackets are simply a selection of those made by various respondents ) . thanks to the respondents : bas aarts , carlos ferreira , manuel forcadela , carlos gouveia , rafael humberto scapin , frank van der leeuw , joana van der leeuw , stephen parkinson . for a general overview see the chapter by stephen parkinson in : m . harris & n , vincent ( eds . ) ( 1988 ) """" the romance languages """" croom helm / routledge , london . suggested descriptive grammars are : celso cunha and luis filipe lindley cintra ( 1984 ) """" nova gramatica do portugues contemporaneo """" nova fronteira , rio / j . sa da costa , lisbon . ( the standard reference grammar in portuguese . there 's also an abridged version published by the same editor : """" breve gramatica do portugues contemporaneo """" ) . hans jurgen heringer & jose pinto de lima ( 1987 ) """" palavra puxa palavra : comunicacao e gramatica dependencial """" icalp , ministerio da educacao e cultura , lisbon . ( not a reference grammar in the ordinary sense of the word , but a good reflection on the structure and use of portuguese ) . maria helena mira mateus et . al . ( 1989 ) """" gramatica da lingua portuguesa """" caminho , lisbon . ( 2nd ed . ) . ( the best linguistic handbook . there 's now a 3rd ed . by the same publisher but i did n't find out the date ) . paul teyssier """" manuel de langue portugaise """" editions klincksiek . ( in french , a general , good and reliable description of contemporary portuguese ) . pilar vazquez cuesta y maria albertina mendez da luz ( 1971 ) """" gramatica portuguesa """" biblioteca romanica hispanica , editorial gredos , s . a . , madrid . ( in spanish , originally intended for students of portuguese as a foreign language ) . pilar vasquez cuesta & maria albertina mendez da luz """" gramatica da lingua portuguesa """" edicoes 70 , lisbon . ( portuguese translation of the above ) . suggestions on portuguese linguistics : carlos gouveia et al ( eds . ) ( forthcoming 1995 ) """" introducao a linguistica geral e portuguesa """" caminho , lisbon . at a more elementary level , universidade aberta publish a range of books on portuguese , including : m . h . m . mateus et al """" fonetica , fonologia e morfologia """" h . h . c . campos & m . f . xavier """" sintaxe e semantica """" ivo castro """" curso de historia da lingua portuguesa """" on the history of the language : rodrigo de sa nogueira ( 1932 ) """" curso de filologia portuguesa """" lisboa . serafim da silva neto ( 1957 ) """" manual de filologia portuguesa """" sao paulo . serafim da silva neto """" historia da lingua portuguesa """" , editora presenta , rio de janeiro . paul teyssier """" historia da lingua portuguesa """" j . sa da costa , lisbon . ( the most accessible history of the language , an expanded portuguese version of a book originally written in french ) . edwin bucher williams ( 1938 ) """" from latin to portuguese : historical phonology and morphology of the portuguese language """" university of pennsylvania press , pa and oup , oxford . ( also published in ( brazilian ) portuguese : """" do latim ao portugues """" edicoes tempo brasileiro ltda , biblioteca tempo universitario 37 ( 1961 ) , rio de janeiro . )
 "",0
 893,""Subject: sum : not . . . until
  
  dear lingustis , i am very sorry that i have been convinced that i have already posted my summary of the query on _ not . . . until _ i asked you in march ( ! ) . i cheked my fd several days ago and found that i compiled several respon - ses dated in march , but i could not found my summary in any of my fds or hd . if i have already posted a summary , please do n't bother to read it again . i will defineitely repeat an error again . here are my query and summary . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * my query in march : dear linguists , i read renaat declerck 's ( 1995 ) paper titled """" the problem of _ not _ . . . _ until _ , """" in _ lingsuitics _ 33 , 55-98 . he considers that ( 1 ) below implies not only that john did n't wake up before nine but also that he did wake up at nine ( as late as nine , he could have woken up earlier ) . he seems to claim that all types of _ not _ . . . _ until _ does have such an implication . he calls it the sense of acualization . he also claims that the sense of actualization is not """" implicature """" but """" assertion """" . ( what do you think ? ) ( 1 ) john did n't wake up until nine . my first query is : do all types of _ not _ . . . _ until _ have the sense of actualization ? what about the sentences below ? the second query is : is the sense of actualization able to be cancelled or suspended , by adding such phrases as _ if not later _ , _ or possibly later _ , _ at least _ ? please judge whether the sense of actualization arises in each sentence arises or not . ( 2 ) _ until _ nine , john _ did n't _ wake up . ( 3 ) bill _ did n't _ say another word _ until _ he died . ( 4 ) a . nancy remained a spinster _ until _ she died . b . nancy _ did n't _ get married _ until _ she died . ( 5 ) $ b ! h ( jcool , $ b ! i ( ji told him . $ b ! h ( jwhat do you feel ? $ b ! i ! h ( jnothing . well , uh , maybe i ' m exaggerating . it was a kick , but not a big enough one for me to want to take the chance again , except for stakes . but le 's _ not _ talk about it abstractly _ until _ we ' re out of here . now , first question : the bottles . shall we take them all with us , or leave one ? $ b ! i ! h ( jtake them , $ b ! i ( ji said . ( brown corpus : l24 ) ( 6 ) she gave a little pout and said , $ b ! h ( ji _ do n't _ get off work _ until _ eleven o ' clock . that 's when my evening commences . $ b ! i ( j ( brown : l02 ) ( 7 ) the fact that the queen is expecting a baby will _ not _ be official _ until _ an official announcement has been made . ( lob : a10 ) ( 8 ) nor have we remembered that in the melting pot of america the hundreds of isolated and semi-isolated ethnic , regional and occupational groups did _ not _ fuse into a homogeneous national _ until _ long after education and industrialization had caused them to cast oral tradition aside as a means of carrying culturally significant material . ( brown : f19 ) ( 9 ) his own inner voice , which should tell him what not to do , has not developed . it _ won't _ develop _ until _ he has words with which to clothe it . ( brown : b13 ) $ b ! ! ( j ( 10 ) john _ did n't _ stay awake _ until _ 6 . $ b ! ! ( j ( 11 ) ensign vesole decided that he would _ not _ tarry _ until _ he heard the whispering of the bombs , and when night began to fall , he put seaman 2 / c donald l . norton and seaman 1 / c william a . roch - ford on the guns and told them to start shooting the moment they saw an enemy silhouette . ( brown : f02 ) ( 12 ) john left _ until _ midnight . ( is this really acceptable ? ) third query : are the following sentences acceptable ? ( 13 ) _ until _ nine , john _ did n't _ wake up . i do n't know about later , for i left at nine . / in fact , i heard later that he did not wake up after nine either . ( 14 ) john _ did n't _ wake up _ until _ nine . in fact , i heard later that he did n't wake up at all . if you have any comment on this problem , i would be very grateful . thanks a lot in advance . best wishes , hiroaki tanaka associate professor , tokushima university , japan . ( gca01363 @ niftyserve . or . jp ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to this query , those who reponded are the following people . i am very grateful to them . james kirchner ( jpkirchner @ aol . com ) micheal ? ( meb3 @ crux5 . cit . cornell . edu ) gerald b . mathias ( mathias @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu ) larry horn ( lhorn @ yalevm . cis . yale . edu ) jack wiedrick ( wied6480 @ varney . idbsu . edu ) almost all my sentences seem to imply actualization , with the following exceptions : ( 3 ) is aceptable to many but not all speakers ( dr . horn ) . ( 4 ) implies actualization in the sense that mary got married on her deathbed , or means at her deathbed she was still a spinster . the first reading is less possible than the second . about ( 3 ) and ( 4 ) , the below is the part of my paper titled """" implicature of _ not . . . until _ """" for _ english linguistics _ ( 1995 ) vol . 12 ( forthcoming ) ( journal of english linguistics society of japan ) which i wrote a month ago . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 3 . 1 . nia examples ( 5a ) and ( 5b ) illustrate typical cases with no implicature of actualization ( nia ) . ( 5 ) a . john was a loyal member of his party until he died . b . bill did n't say another word until he died . ( heinamaki 1978 : 113 ) ( 6 ) a . nancy remained silent until she died . b . # nancy did n't get married until she died . ( declerck 1995 : 69 ) in both examples of ( 5 ) , death blocks actualization of the head clause . john cannot be a disloyal member after his death , and bill cannot say anything after his death . nia comes from pragmatic ( real world ) knowledge . declerck assumes that examples like ( 6b ) ( and also ( 5b ) ) are semantically anomalous , although he accepts an affirmative sentence like ( 6a ) . it would be impossible for declerck to accept ( 6b ) , because he considers that all examples of not . . . until must be associated with the sense of actualization , i . e . , not . . . until presupposes the truth of actualization , so that declerck forcibly matches his analysis with data . but not . . . until x died does exist as in an acceptable sentence like ( 5b ) , in which case say another word means $ b ! h ( jexpress in words $ b ! i ( j , although ( 5b ) is also semantically anomalous in the sense of $ b ! h ( jutter / pronounce $ b ! i ( j . besides , some of my informants accept ( 6b ) . those who find ( 6b ) unacceptable must account for the difference between ( 5b ) and ( 6b ) . one solution is that we will let nip work on the one hand as in ( 5b ) and will not let it work on the other as in ( 6b ) . but this solution is ad hoc . the other is that the difference lies in our pragmatic knowledge . even though one cannot say anything after his / her death , s / he can leave something other than his / her words , i . e . , negation of saying something does not always imply saying nothing . one can leave his / her message , will or anything else . hence , a rare reading of ia : people found his will after his death . in ( 6b ) , however , one cannot get married after s / he dies , i . e . , death blocks marriage . we cannot imagine the negation of marriage other than not getting married . this pragmatic reasoning would be more appropriate . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( 10 ) have also two meanings : ( i ) john kept dozing off , but at 6 : 00 he finally succeeded in keeping himself awake , ( ii ) john went to sleep before 6 : 00 . ( prof . james kirchner ) ( 12 ) is only possible in the sense that john was gone for a while and then he came back at midnight . ( prof . jack wierdrick ) i wanted to know that ( 13 ) and ( 14 ) are the sentences which can cancel the sense of actualization . the result is that ( 13 ) is acceptable and ( 14 ) is unacceptable . prof . jack wierdrick says that ( 13 ) is awkward , although the right interpretation could be gotten from it . he gave me an example like _ up until nine ( at least ) , john did n't wake up . _ concerning the problem of cancelability , dr . larry horn cites his examples from his famous dissertaion _ on the semantic properties of logical operators in english _ as follows : santa claus won't get here until midnight , if not { * earlier / later } . , if then . , and he may not even get here then . he says that in general ' not . . . until s ' , as opposed to ' not . . . until np ' , constructions 's trongly implicate a """" late """" bound which can be suspended . thank you very much for all the responces . i wrote a very short paper about _ not . . . until _ , which will be publised this fall . if you want a copy of it , i would be pleased to send it to you by the form of text-file via e-mail . best wishes , hiroaki tanaka , faculty of integrated arts and sciences , tokushima university , japan . e - mail : hiro-t @ ias . tokushima-u . ac . jp ( office ) gca01363 @ niftyserve . or . jp ( home )
 "",0
 894,""Subject: query : not not
  
  dear linguists , i am working on the double negative constructions like """" i did n't not come here """" and have been looking for the examples like that , but i can find only a few examples which i think does not cover all types of the double negatives . i would be very grateful if you could make a sen - tences using """" not not """" like the following examples and could agree with my analysis that they are basically """" understatements / litotes """" which obscure the speaker 's real intention . dr . larry horn 's _ a natural history of negation _ cites and exemplifies in detail such double negatives of """" not un - x """" constructions , but he made no comments on """" not not """" type . i assume that like """" not un - x """" , """" not not """" can imply not only """" understatements / litotes """" but also """" irony """" . do you agree with my analysis ? but unfortunately , i could find no examples of """" not not """" implying """" irony """" . bolinger ( 1980 ) states that """" a not unselfish act , you ' ll have to admit . """" is """" ironically euphemistic . """" i agree with him . but how ironi - cal ? what is the mechanism of such ironical euphemism and how does it arises ? can sperber and wilson 's ( 1981 , 1992 ) theory of """" echoic utterance """" cover all the types of such irony ? i would be grateful if you have a comment on this matter if any . the following are some of the examples i could collected : ( 1 ) a : you and jim really must come round to my place some evening . b : yes , we 'd like to . a : of course , you two do n't drink , do you ? b : well , we _ do n't not _ drink . ( hurford and heasley 1983 : 284 , _ semantics : a course book _ cup . ) minoru nakau ( 1994 ) _ nin - chi imiron no genri ( principles of cognitive semantics ) , taishukan , written in japanese , also quotes the above example , saying that b 's """" we do n't not drink """" is an echo or meta-lingui - stic expression of a 's words """" you two do n't drink """" , and also that b does not definitely say that they drink , rather obscure their intention and hesitate to admit they drink a lot . that is why b does n't say """" we do drink . """" in this sense , _ we do n't not drink _ can be quoted like _ we do n't """" not drink """" , where _ do n't _ is an external negation which negates the pre-negated assertion as inapproriate or false and """" not drink """" is an internal negation . the below two examples are also from nakau 's ( 1994 ) collection : ( 2 ) it is odd that _ coffee-grounds _ is plural . they may be """" composed of particles """" , but they are obviously _ not """" not _ too many for anyone to be able to count """" . the point is even more striking with _ dregs _ and _ lees _ , which are largely liquid . ( f . r . palmer , ( 1990 ) """" review articles : _ the semantics of grammar _ , by anna wierzbicka . """" _ journal of linguistics _ 26 : 223-233 . ) ( 3 ) for example , nouns such as _ heap _ or _ committee _ are _ not _ """" semantically plural but syntactically _ not _ plural """" . ( a . wierzbicka ( 1991 ) """" semantic rules know no exceptions . """" _ studies in language _ 15 , 371-398 . ) the next example is the one i found in r . b . parker 's novel _ valedic - tion _ ( 1984 ) . contrary to my analysis , this is not an understatement but some kind of emphatic expression . what do you think ? how do you interpret this example ? ( 4 ) susan said , """" i ' ve taken a job in san francisco . """" i put the glass down on the counter . i could feel myself begin to shrink inward . """" i ' m leaving tonight , """" she said . """" i had planned to stay the night with you and tell you in the morning , but i can't . i _ can't not _ tell you . """" ( r . b . parker , _ valediction _ , p . 19 ) my interpretation of the sentences in question is that """" . . . , but i can't ( tell you in the morning ) . ( but ) i _ can't not _ tell = can't help telling you ( now ) . """" """" can't """" is echoed and the abbreaviated adverbials are different . is my interpretation correct ? i would be very grateful if you reply to me . thanks a lot in advance . best wishes , hiroaki tanaka , faculty of integrated arts and sciences , tokushima university , japan . e - mail : hiro-t @ ias . tokushima-u . ac . jp
 "",0
 895,""Subject: query : after you , please .
  
  dear linguists , i ask a query on the phrase _ after you + please _ on behalf of my former professor / supervisor in my graduate school days . he is a famous lexicographer in japan and edits many english - japanese dictionaries , but unfortunately does not have any contact with this list . he wants this kind of information to be on his dictionaries . his query is : can you say like this ? after you , please . if possible , what is the exact meaning and when and how do you use it ? please reply to me . i will post a summary when i receive enough responses . thakns a lot in advance . hiroaki tanaka , faculty of integrated arts and sciences , tokushima unievrsity , japan e - mail : hiro-t @ ias . tokushima-u . ac . jp
 "",0
 896,""Subject: query : ? madam chairwoman .
  
  dear linguists , i ask a query on the word _ madam + chairman / chairwoman / chairperson _ on behalf of my former professor / supervisor in my graduate school days . he is a famous lexicographer in japan and edits many english - japanese dictionaries , but unfortunately does not have any contact with this list . he wants this kind of information to be on his dictionaries . his query is : when you address a chairman / chairwoman / chairperson , you use """" mr . chairman """" to a male chair and """" madam chairman """" to a female chair . but do n't you use a phrase like """" madam chairwoman """" or """" madam chairperson """" if you exactly follow the rule of anti-sexism ? or just use """" chair """" ? please reply to me . i will post a summary when i receive enough responses . thakns a lot in advance . hiroaki tanaka , faculty of integrated arts and sciences , tokushima unievrsity , japan e - mail : hiro-t @ ias . tokushima-u . ac . jp
 "",0
 897,""Subject: labov on tense
  
  in 1977 , the laut preprint agency in trier , ( then west ) germany publihshed a working paper by william labov , on the adequacy of natural languages : the development of tense . does anybody have a reference to a ' proper ' publication of this paper as a journal article or chapter in a book ? thanks . hartmut haberland
 "",0
 898,""Subject: school in la with chinese as a second language
  
  query : friends of mine moved recently to la and they are looking for a good school where their daughter ( age 10 ) could continue her study of chinese , which she has studied for two years . please reply directly to me , as they do not use e-mail . thank you , alexander vovin vovin @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu
 "",0
 899,""Subject: address for john thayer jensen
  
  does anyone have an e-mail or other address for john thayer jensen ? by extraordinary coincidence there is another john t jensen who is also a linguist , but the one i ' m looking for is the one who wrote the yapese grammar and dictionary . thanks , john henderson _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ph . ( 09 ) 380 2870 centre for linguistics , university of western australia w . a . 6907 fax ( 09 ) 380 1154
 "",0
 900,""Subject: hotel information for nels 26
  
  nels 26 harvard university and the massachusetts institute of technology october 27-30 , 1995 keynote speaker : noam chomsky for registration materials or more information , write to : nels 26 department of linguistics and philosophy 20d-219 mit cambridge , ma 02139 usa or send e-mail to : nels26 @ mit . edu / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * nels hotel information * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * / the weekend of oct . 27-30 is one of the busiest of the year in the boston / cambridge area . nels has been able to reserve only a very limited number of rooms at block rates in the following two hotels for conference participants : days inn 1234 soldiers field rd . boston , ma 02135 ( 617 ) 254-1234 nels rates : $ 89 / single - - $ 99 / double ( mention harvard - mit linguistics dept . conference ) the days inn is approximately 15 minutes walk to the center of harvard square or 10 minutes by bus ( # 86 bus stops on western ave . directly behind the days inn and runs every 8-10 minutes for the better part of the day and evening , less frequently on off-hours and weekends / holidays ) . hyatt regency cambridge 575 memorial drive cambridge , ma ( 617 ) 492-1234 nels rates : $ 169 / night , single or double occupancy ( specify that you are attending linguistics dept . seminar oct . 26th ) the hyatt has a complimentary , on-the - hour shuttle to harvard sq . and kendall sq . ( mit ) and is located on the charles river approximately midway between the two . reservations for the above hotels should be made directly through the hotels themselves and availability will be on a first-come first-serve basis . reservations for both hotels must be made before september 25 , 1995 to obtain nels rates . nels rates : $ 169 / night , single or double occupancy ( specify that you are attending linguistics dept . seminar oct . 26th ) the hyatt has a complimentary , on-the - hour shuttle to harvard sq . and kendall sq . ( mit ) and is located on the charles river approximately midway between the two . reservations for the above hotels should be made directly through the hotels themselves and availability will be on a first-come first-serve basis . reservations for both hotels must be made * * before september 25 , 1995 * * to obtain nels rates . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ this is a further partial list of the hotels in the boston / cambridge area . it includes their phone number ( in area code 617 unless otherwise noted ) , their address , their approximate price and if they are near an mbta station ( t ) . the code for hotel prices is simple : $ a single in the hotel is generally less than us $ 100 per night ; $ $ a single is more than us $ 100 per night ; and $ $ $ a single is * much * more than us $ 100 per night . unfortunately , there is no way to know whether a given hotel will have space during the conference without calling them directly , perhaps trying several times over the next few months . alternatively , you might want to find a hotel outside of cambridge / boston . also , you might consider the following , which often works out quite well : bed & breakfast agency of boston ( also for cambridge and environs ) 720-3540 or ( 800 ) 248-9262 hotels back bay hilton 236-1100 or ( 800 ) 445-8667 dalton & belvidere st . , boston $ $ t best western homestead 491-1890 or 491-8000 220 alewife brook parkway , cambridge $ / $ $ t boston marriott cmabridge 494-6600 or ( 800 ) 228-9290 2 cambridge center , cambridge $ $ t boston park plaza 426-2000 50 park plaza , boston $ $ t charles hotel at harvard square 864-1200 1 bennett st . , cambridge $ $ $ t days inn 254-0200 1800 soldiers field rd . , brighton ( boston ) $ copley square hotel 536-9000 47 huntingdon st . , boston $ $ / $ $ $ t eliot hotel 267-1607 370 commonwealth ave . , boston $ $ / $ $ $ t * * guest quarters suites / doubletree ( address ) ( only two $ $ - it 's about the same as the hyatt prices ) located on the storrow drive side of the charles river . complimentary shuttle to harvard square ( approx 20 - minute walk to harvard square ) . harvard manor house 864-5200 110 mount auburn st . , cambridge $ / $ $ t howard johnson 's fenway motor lodge 267-8300 1271 boylston st . , boston $ t howard johnson 's motor lodge ( 800 ) 654-2000 777 memorial drive , cambridge holiday inn 628-1100 or ( 800 ) hol-iday 30 washington st . , somerville $ / $ $ holiday inn brookline 277-1200 or ( 800 ) hol-iday 1200 beacon street , brookline $ $ t holiday inn government center 742-7630 or ( 800 ) hol-iday 5 blossom st . , boston $ $ / $ $ $ t hyatt regency 492-1234 or ( 800 ) 228-9000 575 memorial drive , cambridge $ $ lenox hotel 536-5300 or ( 800 ) 225-7676 710 boylston st . , boston $ $ t midtown hotel 262-1000 or ( 800 ) 343-1177 220 huntingdon ave . , boston $ $ t omni parker house 277-8600 or ( 800 ) the-omni 60 school st . , boston $ $ t quality inn 426-1400 75 tremont st . , boston $ $ t ramada inn 254-1234 or ( 800 ) 228-2828 1234 soldiers field rd . , brighton ( boston ) $ / $ $ royal sonesta hotel 491-3600 or ( 800 ) 343-7170 5 cambridge parkway , cambridge $ $ / $ $ $ t sheraton boston 236-2000 39 dalton street , boston $ $ / $ $ $ t sheraton commander 547-5800 16 garden st . , cambridge $ $ / $ $ $ t / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * /
 "",0
 901,""Subject: conference announcement
  
  language and knowledge : the unpacking of ` text ' the first of a series of biennial conferences on the topic of language and knowledge date : 9 - 11 septmember 1996 venue : department of english language & literature national university of singapore call for papers : both practical and theoretical papers are welcome . the organisers conceive of papers falling into the following categories : a . common sense and educational knowledge * language amd cognition * language of the preschool child in a multilingual environment * the role of language in the school - language across the curriculum - langage in the classroom - the formal teaching of ` grammar ' - materials development ( genre , metaphor , etc . _ ) - the teaching of literature ( whose literature ? ) b . language awareness in society * the languages of power ( the multilingual dimension : english , mandarin , malay , tamil , etc . ) * language and the media * language and gender * language and marginalization c . technacy , the literacy of the future * literacy in the electronic medium * creating ` text ' through electronic means ( what are the consequences ? ) * world-wide networking and access to knowledge-data bases note : papers should be no longer than 7000 words ( delivery time 40 mintues with 20 minutes for question / answer ) . selected papers will be published . abstracts of papers ( approx . 350 words ) should be directed to : dr sunita anne abraham conference secretary dept of english lang . & lit . national university of singapore 10 kent ridge crescent singapore 0511 tel : ( 065 ) 772 3928 fax : ( 065 ) 773 2981 abstracts ( in double space ) should reach dr abraham by 31 january 1996 and have the following format : name : designation / institution : category of paper : title of paper : conference registration fees : before 31 / 1 / 96 : s $ 80 + s $ 2 . 40 ( 3 % gst ) after 31 / 1 / 96 : s $ 100 + s $ 3 . 00 ( 3 % gst ) overseas participants are not requiredto pay the 3 % gst . documentary proof of overseas insitutional funding will , however , be necessary at time of payment . ( expatriates working in singapore are required to pay the 3 % gst . )
 "",0
 902,""Subject: summer school program
  
  international summer school """" contemporary topics in computational linguistics """" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tzigov chark , bulgaria dates : 9 - 12 sept 1995 ( arrival 8 sept ) location : tzigov chark is a beautiful resort in the rhodope mountains on the shore of batak lake . tzigov chark is 150km from sofia , the capital of bulgaria . programme : 9 sept 9 . 15-13 . 00 j . tsujii ( umist , manchester , uk ) knowledge acquisition from corpora 15 . 00-18 . 15 j . hutchins ( university of east anglia , uk ) machine translation : history , current status and possible future developments 10 sept 9 . 00-12 . 45 a . joshi ( university of pennsylvania , usa ) lexicalized grammars 15 . 00-16 . 00 panel discussion : what is language engineering ? panelists : j . tsujii , y . matsumoto , j . schuetz , k . s . choi , z . yusoff , c . m . vide , r . mitkov 16 . 30-18 . 15 zaharin yusoff ( university sains malaysia ) language engineering in south - east asia 11 sept 9 . 00-12 . 45 y . matsumoto ( nara institute of science and technology , japan ) lexical knowledge acquisition 14 . 15-16 . 00 key - sun choi ( kaist , taejon , korea ) english - to - korean machine translation 16 . 15-18 . 00 r . mitkov ( iai saarbruecken / university of hamburg / institute of mathematics - sofia ) anaphora resolution in natural language processing and machine translation 12 sept 9 . 00-11 . 45 a . ramsey ( umist , manchester , uk ) interpretation in context 12 . 00-13 . 00 m . kudlek ( university of hamburg ) mathematical models of pronouns 14 . 30-16 . 30 w . von hahn ( university of hamburg , germany ) knowledge - based machine aided translation 16 . 45-18 . 30 c . martin - vide ( universidad rovira i virgilli , tarragona , spain ) grammar systems summer school information : for further information please contact : nicolas nicolov < nicolas @ edinburgh . aisb . ac . uk > or prof . ruslan mitkov < ruslan @ iai . uni-sb . de > accommodation : the summer school will take place in hotel """" orpheus """" , tzigov chark , which accomodates up to 50 participants . we have chosen a small and cosy conference hotel to create a better and friendlier working and social environment : however this implies restrictions on the availability of single rooms and participants will be normally offered to share 2 - bed rooms . those interested in attending the summer school are encouraged to register as early as possible . location and transportation : tzigov chark is situated on the shore of the beautiful batak lake in the western rhodope mountains and is 150km from sofia , the capital of bulgaria . the local organisers will provide a daily shuttle bus / conference taxi from sofia airport to the summer school location at an inexpensive rate . sofia is easily accessible by plane from most major european cities ( e . g . daily flights or several flights per week from london , frankfurt , paris , zurich , vienna and other european cities ) . there are also direct flights to sofia from north america ( new york , toronto ) and asia ( singapore , bangkok , kuala lumpur ) . in order to enable the local organisers to plan the shuttle service efficiently , please contact victoria arranz < victoria @ ccl . umist . ac . uk > with details about your journey ( arrival / departure time and date ) at least 2 weeks before you leave for the summer school . related events : the summer school participants are also invited to take part in the int . conference """" recent advances in natural language processing """" , which will take place immediately after the summer school in the same hotel . further information about the conference can be obtained from : prof . r . mitkov < ruslan @ iai . uni-sb . de > or nicolas nicolov < nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk > or you can have a look at the conference www page at url : http : / / www . dai . ed . ac . uk / misc / nlp _ conf . html registration for the summer school : kindly note that the bank processing charges are at the expense of the participants . international summer school """" contemporary topics in computational linguistics """" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration form name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration fee . . . . . : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 usd for industrial participants 110 usd for academic staff 80 usd for students accommodation + half-board : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 30 usd per day per person ) specify days - sept 1995 . : [ ] 8 , [ ] 9 , [ ] 10 , [ ] 11 , [ ] 12 , [ ] 13 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = total amount in usd sent . : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date of bank transfer . . . : 1995 bank transfer reference no : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to bank account ( tick one ) : [ ] bank . . . . : amex account no . : 00710 756 of first private bank pls , bulgaria instructions : for onward credit to first private bank , shoumen branch - nikolai nikolov account in usd : 95079620 4 1 00 2560 1 4 * or * [ ] bank . . . . : citibank new york account no . : 36015 992 of first private bank pls , bulgaria instructions : for onward credit to first private bank , shoumen branch - nikolai nikolov account in usd : 95079620 4 1 00 2560 1 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email your registration forms to : nicolas nicolov < nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk >
 "",0
 903,""Subject: judgment fatigue : summary , part i
  
  summary of responses to request for information on judgment fatigue ( also called syntactic satiation ) original post : linguist list : vol-6 - 974 . mon jul 17 1995 . issn : 1068-4875 . special thanks to the following respondents : kimberly barskaitiki , tim beasley , elizabeth bergman , michael bernstein , vivian cook , joseph davis , rianne doeleman , karen emmorey , suzette haden elgin , ted harding , stephen helmreich , erika l . konrad , john e . limber , bruce nevin , john robert ross , carson t schutze , linda shockey , william snyder , karin stromswold , joyce tang boyland , anyone i may have missed , and anyone who thought about responding but has n't yet . karin stromswold and william snyder have actually investigated this phenomenon . i have not read either of their papers yet , but i look forward to doing so . william snyder ( snyder @ psyche . mit . edu ) presented a poster on this topic at lsa 1994 , which was mentioned in rick hudson 's summary post of july 29 , 1994 . individual 's interested in dr . snyder 's poster should contact him directly . hudson 's post ( linguist list : vol-5 - 855 . fri 29 jul 1994 . issn : 1068-4875 . ) summarized the literature available which addresses the difference between linguists ' and non-linguists ' intuitions . hudson also mentions ( but does not cite ) four references provided by joyce tang boyland regarding satiation effects ( both syntactic and semantic ) . hudson 's original post is available from linguist list archives . joyce tang boyland 's response is included below ( in part ii of post , following ) . karin stromswold 's response ( karin @ muddle . rutgers . edu ) was my connection to snyder , hudson , and boyland . her post is most relevant to my original query and is included in its entirety below ( in part ii of post , following ) . most responses mentioned the influence of continual or repeated exposure over a period of time , either mentioning examples similar to perceptual or semantic satiation such as a word-repetition effect . ( bergman , cook , davis , doeleman , haden elgin , harding , helmreich , limber , schutze , snyder , stromswold , tang boyland ) . there are many differences , however , between the effects of semantic satiation and """" syntactic satiation """" or judgment fatigue : first , semantic satiation is the detachment of form and meaning which occurs as you continuously repeat some lexical item ( see also stromswold 's post below ) . judgment fatigue , in contrast , cannot be induced by the repeated presentation of any sentence . in fact , published experiments by nagata show that raters ' intuitions only become more stringent on repeated presentation . second , the loss of the meaning of a sentence is not an effect of judgment fatigue . the meaning of the sentence may be quite lucid to the individual reading it , but that individual 's attention is focused upon some aspect of the grammatical acceptability of the sentence , and it is the ability to judge grammatical acceptability which is lost , not the ability to make sense of the utterance . third , while the particular characteristics of the stimuli which induce judgment fatigue are not yet fully established , it appears that different types of sentences induce the effect to different degrees ( stromswold , snyder as cited in hudson 's post ) . this is not the case for semantic satiation , where the repetition of any lexical item can induce the effect . fourth , the """" scanting out """" effect as noted by haj ross points out that the loss of intuition can be triggered by one single stimuli , not necessarily the repeated presentation of numerous stimuli ( relevant quote posted below ) . conversely , subjects can rate hundreds of stimuli on the basis of grammaticality , with no fatigue effect ( beyond boredom ) , even if the stimuli contain permutation of the same lexical items , be they open or closed class items . note that point four is definitely true in the case that the stimuli are all dichotomously """" great - - grammatical """" or """" horrible - - ungrammatical """" . there is a definite influence of marginality , an effect which , to date , i believe no one has explained . fifth , semantic satiation ( as well as perceptual fatigue effects ) is often attributed to some type of neurological fatigue at the cortical level . this could not be the ( only ) reason for judgment fatigue , however , because there may not be any single word or syntactic structure which is repeated in all of the stimuli ( such as could be the case for judgment fatigue induced by the scope of negation or negative polarity items ) . for this reason , it would be quite implausible to claim that judgment fatigue is the result of some type of physiological / chemical / neurological saturation which has occurred at the cortical level . at this point , i do not believe judgment fatigue and semantic satiation have much in common as behavioral disturbances . ( incidently , while i am not an expert on semantic satiation , i have not yet been forced by the evidence to believe that semantic satiation is the result of a low-level neurological fatigue . perceptual fatigue is a neurological phenomenon , but i attribute semantic satiation to other conceptual strategies . ) many linguists ( beasley , nevin , konrad , and one anonymous ) also observed ' that the longer you stay in linguistics , the less you speak english . ' to quote from bruce nevin 's response : < < a student was once asked , in my hearing , if a certain famous linguist was a native speaker of english . the reply : ' i think he used to be . ' > > hudson 's previous summation further confirms that linguists and non-linguists do demonstrate significantly different abilities in discriminating grammatical and ungrammatical sentences . this type of long-term """" drift """" of linguists ' judgments may be of interest in its own regard , but this type of """" judgment drift """" is not identical to the temporary loss of linguistic intuition which i intended to address . as noted by beasley and konrad , it may indeed be the case that exposure to second languages , exposure to dialects different from ones native dialect , or exposure to a large number of perhaps marginal sentences which occur rarely in natural spoken or written contexts ( such as sentences demonstrating violations of theoretical principals such as """" weak crossover """" or """" island constraints """" , for example ) may actually alter an individual 's criteria for grammatical acceptability . if one understands judgments of grammatical acceptability to be metalinguistic type-categorizations , then one may expect that an individual 's discriminative ability will be altered based upon that individual 's personal experiences with exemplars of the categories . others commented that judgment fatigue does not happen if the stimuli are contextualized ( davis , nevin ) or if the referential situation is more concrete rather than abstract ( davis , doeleman , nevin ) . this is not the case . a loss of linguistic intuition of grammatical acceptability definitely can happen spontaneously , such as while one is listening to a conversation or reading texts , regardless of the concreteness of the topic , with the following qualifications : judgment fatigue is inspired only by particular types of stimuli ( which have not yet been clearly defined , but see part ii of post , following ) and by the listener 's / reader 's focus upon the grammar of the utterance or sentence . other individuals related hard-to - comprehend sentences as examples inducing judgment fatigue . some such sentences , notably sentences involving scope ambiguity , may induce confusion , but confusion is not synonymous with the loss of ones own linguistic intuitions . for ambiguous or confusing stimuli , we say , """" someone should rewrite this sentence . it is ambiguous ( or anomalous ) . """" when we have judgment fatigue , we say , """" i ' m a monoglot , but damned if i can decide whether this sentence is grammatical . i sure do n't feel like a native english speaker ! """" lastly , some responses or general expressions of empathy or encouragement , and actual examples ( barskaitiki , emmorey , shockey ) . thank you again to all who responded . if you are interested in the current proposal for my experiments , or if you would like to hear more about the results and conclusions from the experiments when i am finished running them , please contact me . please see part ii ( posted separately ) for selected quotes from respondents .
 "",0
 904,""Subject: judgment fatigue , summary part ii : stromswold , ross , tang boyland , be
  
  asley the following are what i found to be especially informative quotes from four individual respondents who gave specific comments regarding the types of stimuli which tend to induce judgment fatigue . kimberly barskaitiki also sent a long , specific , detailed response with many interesting examples . ( thank you ! ) her response is not included here because it presented fewer strong , testable , theoretical claims . ( i must note here that ross and beasley are quoted without their expressed permission , for which i hereby beseech the authors ' belated dispensations . i post all comments here in only the most charitable light , with the hope of sharing the author 's experience and information . ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * > as a graduate student at mit in 1986 , i wrote a paper on the > phenomenon you described for a course i took with merrill garrett . i > dubbed the phenomenon """" syntactic satiation """" as a nod to work on > semantic satiation ( the widely studied phenomenon that words loose > their ' meaning ' on repeated presentation . e . g . . , repeat the word > """" snow """" 20 times and it starts sounding funny . and you can't come up > with as many semantically associated words like """" ice """" and """" cold """" ) . > > the study was n't rigorously done and i never attempted to publish the > paper ( which was called """" syntactic satiation ) , but what i discovered > was > > 1 ) with repeated judgments , subjects ' judgments got less certain and > reliable ( some subjects explicitly said they were n't sure anymore ) . > but even before subjects ' lost confidence in their judgments / made > mistakes , they got much slower in making judgments . > > 2 ) syntactic satiation seems to be relatively specific . for example , > i had my subjects make repeated judgments of wh-questions ( e . g . , > that-t , long distance , island etc . ) and i found that their ability to > judge wh-questiosn was impaired , but not their ability to judge other > stimuli ( e . g . , double object datives ) > > 3 ) satiation did * not * occur when subjects were asked to make > judgments about semantic plausibility ( where implausible > sentences involved violations of animacy restrictions , e . g . , > the juice spilled the child that stained the rug ) > > 4 ) i also did n't get any clear evidence of satiation at the > morphological level ( e . g . , asking subjects to judge sentences > with case / tense violations , e . g . , i gave it to he ; she give him a book ) > > 5 ) rate of presentation seemed to be an important factor in inducing > satiation . if subjects are urged to go quickly , they satiate faster . > this goes along with findings in the semantic satiation where whether > semantic priming or satiation occurs seems to depend on rate of > presentation ( at least in part ) . > > 6 ) being forced to make ungraded judgments ( i . e . , good vs . bad with no > intermediate judgments allowed ) also seemed to induce faster satiation > > 7 ) satiation seems to be temporary , although i can't say what the > refractory period is . it is probably less than 1 month ( the interval > i retested at ) > > 8 ) i did n't detect satiation when i gave subjects mixtures of sentences > to judge ( in my case , datives , passives , wh-questions , and tense / case ) . > > when i did the lit review for the paper , i found a few other studies > that looked at things related to syntactic satiation / syntactic priming . > i will see if i can dig up the paper and find the references for you . > also , william snyder at mit presented a poster ( ? ) at the lsa conference > in 1994 ( ? ) where he looked at this phenomenon . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * > from john robert ( haj ) ross ( fj44 @ jove . acs . unt . edu ) : > . . . the term i remember > being in on the birth of was actually """" to scant out """" , the term being > proposed by arnold zwicky and me , and doubltless others , in the summer of > 1963 , while we were working at mitre corporation in bedford mass , and > scanting out was a common hazard . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * > from joyce tang boyland : > much of the information i have comes from responses i received to a > query i posted to linguist list about 4 years ago . > . . . one of the refs was for carson schutze 's ma thesis . the others > i think were only old cognitive psych papers on semantic not syntactic > satiation . i can dig them up if you are still interested . basically > i do n't think there has been much actual research on the subject ; > schutze 's lit review was very thorough but he only mentioned one or two > not very conclusive pieces of research on satiation . i ' m very glad you > are planning to research this experimentally . i used to have stronger > opinions on this than i do now , but i do think that syntactic satiation > does happen . i think that knowing about it ought to have an effect on the > practice of linguistics , and i would also say that it has some implications > for theories of acquisition and of historical language change , which i can > expound on further if you are interested . > > another thought is that there are at least two different things going on in > syntactic and semantic satiation . from the linguist query i posted several > years ago , i gathered that haj ross some time ago coined the phrase """" scanting > out """" to describe the experience of losing one 's intuition on what the word > """" scant """" means and can be used for after thinking about it overtly for too long ; > i think this is a case of excessive meta-linguistic attention interfering with > what one would normally know , like the millipede in the fable being asked how > it could possibly walk and then it could n't walk anymore . when i was little i > used to play with saying a word over and over to myself until it became only a > sequence of sounds without meaning ; this might have been a similar phenomenon . > i see this as a sort of evaporating of subconscious associations or constraint s > ( for lack of better terminology ) when under the spotlight of consciousness . > > i think a second process , in syntactic satiation in particular , is similar > to something that 's being studied in social psychology , which is that the > frequency of your witnessing something may affect how acceptable you think > it is , if you did n't have an opinion on it in the first place ( which people > often do n't have on linguistic constructions ) . ( having an opinion in the > first place , if i remember correctly , is something that the researcher whom > schutze cites did not control for . my copy of s is in another building at the > moment . ) ( i am reconstructing vague memories very freely here , so i may not > be reflecting the literature faithfully , but these are the lines along which > i am thinking . ) so in this case people won't be * losing * all * the > associations or constraints that a word or construction would normally have , > but rather , a * particular * type of use they hear which violates a particular > constraint may become * more * acceptable * . the gross effect of certain uses > becoming more acceptable may appear to be the same as the millipede effect , > since one 's intuitions are changing , but more careful inspection should show > a different fine structure . > i suppose i might as well add here that the degree to which a construction > is susceptible to satiation effects ( this latter one esp . ) might well be a > measure of its susceptibility to ( or even progress towards ) grammaticalization . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * > from tim beasley ( tbeasley @ ucla . edu ) > a few things cause my intuition to crash and burn . > > the most frustrating and reliable is judging individual items in a list of > sentences , and ranking them from ok to ? to ? * to * . if i start from the ok > side , i will over-accept sentences . if i start from the * side , i will > over-reject sentences . it 's worst when the sentences proceed stepwise , > changing one lexical or syntactic feature ( especially small ones ) . and when > the person asking me to rank them interacts , asking me if i ' m sure . > > i . e . , i become muddled if , in comparing sentences , i accept one , and then > realize that the second is some sort of extension of or analogical to the > first . if the first is right , then the second _ must _ be right . and then the > third must be ok . er , well , no , but that does n't stop me . > > similarly , comparing two quasi-homonymous structures or lexemes in a battery > of sentences designed to elicit the differences between them usually results > in really , really bad results . one such test posted to linguist caused me > to alter my own usage for several weeks . > > lexical items that cause me to stumble regularly : any , all . often there > will be one very blatant reading of a sentence ; if somebody suggests a > second interpretation , my intuition curls up to hibernate for the duration . > in a word : s-c - o-p - e . other problems with scope crop up , too ( negation , > adjectives , etc . ) . [ . . . reference to interference from experience with different languages . . . ] > i ' ve come to assume that the linguistic muddle ( apart from inter-language > problems ) results from attempting to find a coherent , rational meaning for > the sentences . agreement and other such grammatical errors are trivial to > spot , usually . otherwise , if the task succeeds , i assume the sentence must > be ok , unless there is some clear , overwhelming error in word choice , focus , > government , etc . lists of marginal sentences weaken my sense of what a > clear error is as i move my ok / not-ok boundary marker ( my perception of the > norm ) to allow for marginalia and enable me to interpret the next in a > series of increasingly aberrant sentences . > [ . . . another reference to experience with different dialects of english . . . ] > in any case , it takes a leap of humility to realize when i can no longer > judge sentences in my native language . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * end of post - - - bjl
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 905,""Subject: sum : walloon
  
  several weeks ago i posted a passage in the local walloon of the bastogne area of belgium and asked for a translation . i had quite a number of responses , and it appears that the responders had a good time wrestling with the passage . here is the passage : i - gn-e ` a po ^ pre ` s kinze ans du d ' ci , dj ' asto amon albe ^ rt le ` yona ^ rd e ` t dj ' rawa ^ rdo pace k ' on m ' avot dit k ' ou profe ` sseu ^ r do se ' mine ^ re vlot nos ve ` y po pa ^ rler do walon . dju m ' sovin co k ' dj ' e ^ dmande ' a c , ' momint la : < < kin - a ^ dje k ' il e ` , don c , ' cure ' la ? > > dj ' e ^ vite avou compris k ' i n ' astot nin pus cure ' k ' mi , surtout cand dj ' l ' e ^ ve ` you avou oune be ` le djon . ne bwe ^ ce ` le ki n ' compurdot we ^ re lu walon , me ^ s k ' astot bin de ` cide ' a l ' aprinde avou de ` s profe ` sseu ^ rs come pierrot , come jeannot , come roger , ou come mi , di-st - i l ' fou . and here is the consensus translation : il y a a ` peu pre ` s quinze ans d ' ici , j ' e ' tais chez < < albert le ' onard > > et j ' attendais parce qu ' on m ' avait dit qu ' un professeur du se ' minaire voulait nous voir pour parler du wallon . je me souviens ce que j ' ai demande ' a ` ce moment-la ` : < < quel a ^ ge a-t - il donc , ce cure ' - la ` ? > > j ' avais vite compris qu ' il n ' e ' tais pas plus cure ' que moi , surtout quand je l ' ai vu avec une belle jeune demoiselle qui ne comprenait gue ` re le wallon , mais qui e ' tait bien de ' cide ' e a ` l ' apprendre avec des professeurs comme pierrot , comme jeannot , comme roger , ou comme moi , dit-il , le fou . there were some uncertainties and disagreements ; i ' ve gone with the majority view in each case . the biggest problem was the very last bit , which caused havoc , though the gist of it seems generally clear . there was some disagreement as to whether it was the non-priest or the young girl who wanted to learn walloon ; most people went for the woman , which is what the syntax appears to say . the strange form < rawa ^ rdo > in the second line appears to be the same word as french < regarder > , but i am told that , in northern dialects , this word is widely used in the sense of ` wait , wait for , watch for ' . another headache was the word < bwe ^ ce ` le > in line 6 . this clearly means something like < demoiselle > , and it is possibly the same word as french < pucelle > ` virgin , maiden ' , which is unlikely to be the sense intended . i am told that speakers of walloon are now generally elderly , apart from some younger people who are enthusiasts ( though the belgian student i consulted here told me she had a friend who spoke walloon ) . some younger people of limited education are also said to have a grasp of the variety , and , engagingly , i am told that obscenities and insults tend to persist especially well . one respondent objected to my speaking of walloon as a dialect of french , preferring to see it as a distinct language . here 's an english version : it 's fifteen years ago now ; i was at the """" albert leonard """" [ institute ] and i was curious because i had been told that a teacher from the seminary wanted to see us to talk about walloon . i still remember what i was wondering at that moment : """" so how old is that priest ? """" i quickly understood that he was no more a priest than i was , particularly when i saw him with a beautiful young girl who scarcely knew any walloon but who was determined to learn it from teachers like pierrot , like jannot , like roger , or like me ; that 's what he said , the fool . the passage was written by m . georges pasau , pre 's ident du muse ' e de la parole au pays de bastogne ; it appeared in issue 4 ( 1994 ) of the magazine _ singuliers _ , which is devoted to walloon . this was a special number given over to the publication of a new dictionary of walloon . the dictionary is michel francard ( 1994 ) , _ dictionnaire des parlers wallons du pays de bastogne _ , brussels : deboeck / universite ' , isbn 2-8041 - 1957 - 2 . francard is professor of romance linguistics at the university of louvain in belgium ; his address is faculte ' des lettres , universite ' catholique de louvain , louvain - le - nauve , belgium , and his e-mail is francard @ frwa . ucl . ac . be . i have n't consulted him yet , but plan to do so . the orthography used here for walloon was , i believe , invented by francard specifically for the dictionary . the dictionary contains some nice dialect maps and some linguistic information about walloon . my thanks to jean - francois carrasco , richard coates , jean - francois delannoy , roger feron , frederik fouvry , vincent granville , ted harding , yolande meessen , philippe mennecier , bernd moebius ( and his mother ! ) , joseph reisdoerfer , thierry j . van steenberghe , guido vanden wyngaerd , and max wheeler . larry trask cogs university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh england larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk
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 906,""Subject: sum : english dialect sample sources
  
  these are the responses to my query about finding audio samples of dialects of english . thanks for the suggestions and comments below ; i take the liberty of quoting most of them in full . in addition to the items mentioned below , i managed to locate : ( 1 ) a 1971 bbc recording entitled """" english with a dialect """" which contains 24 short samples of british english dialects and 8 more of """" irish , scottish and welsh accents . """" the record jacket says that the record was produced """" to provide a tool of the actor 's craft , """" and for use in classrooms . i find it fascinating , and believe it will be extremely valuable to me . ( 2 ) a collection of cassettes with accompanying manual , entitled """" acting with an accent , """" by david a . stern . these are also aimed at actors who need to portray non-native english speakers . however , i found most of them not to be useful as classroom materials ; they stereotype the two or three most prominent pronunciation features of the various speakers when speaking english , rather than providing students with a real understanding of dialect , nor even of phonological interference mechanisms in second language learning . my other responses and comments are interpolated in the quotations , within [ ] . apologies for the length of this summary . louis b . hillman lbhndp @ rit . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i ' ve found quite a lot of tapes that are available commercially as supplements ( bought separately ) to the following books : j . c . wells , accents of english . cambridge up 1992 . ( whole world ) a . hughes and p . trudgill , english accents and dialects . 2nd edition . arnold 1979 / 1987 . ( uk only ) d . freeborn , varieties of english . macmillan . 1987 . ( uk and w . indies only ; some fascinating material for other aspects of socio as well as accents . ) i think they ' re all available just like books . they tend to cost about 7 pounds sterling . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the following resources will guide you to free and commercially available recordings of north american english dialects : donna christian , 1986 , american english speech recordings : a guide to collections . washington , d . c . : center for applied linguistics . michael d . linn and marrit - hannele zuber , 1984 , the sound of english : a bibliography of language recordings . urbana il , ncte . michael d . linn , 1993 , appendix : resources for research . in dennis r . preston ( ed . ) , american dialect research , amsterdam : benjamins , pp . 433-50 . a few other specifics which may not be mentioned in the above ( and if they are i apologize ) : 1 ) longish recordings from inland northern , brooklyn ny , eastern new england , south midland , phildelphia , and alabama were available on a record from ncte entitled ' americans speaking . ' there is an an accompanying booklet ( by raven mcdavid and john muri ) with the same title ; it has the texts for a reading passage , transcriptions of free conversation , and lists of features . it is dated 1967 and may be out of print , but it is worth a try at ncte . [ alice horning ( horning @ jupiter . acs . oakland . edu ) also mentioned this recording . i found a copy and i must warn you that this copy , at least , is in _ 78 _ rpm _ format ! ! no publication date . i plan to copy it - - as soon as i find suitable equipment . lh ] 2 ) there is an old record called ' our changing language ' jointly published by ncte and mcgraw - hill . it contains fifteen or more reading passages from all over the us and canada . if it is still available , it is well worth digging out ; it is the best selection of short samples i have heard . it is also by raven mcdavid and has good commentary on the record jacket . it has , as well , a lot of stuff on the history of english in general , but the dialect samples really cover the territory . ( the drawback is that they are old recordings and do not illustrate some on-going sound changes very dramatically , particualrly the northern cities shift . ) [ i found this recording ; in addition to the american dialect passages , it contains several interesting passages comparing british and american speech . it also contains readings from old english ( """" beowulf """" ) ; middle english ( chaucer ) ; and early modern english ( shakespeare ) . the narrator 's dialect is itself interesting , by the way , as an example of the """" radio announcer """" dialect of the period . published in 1965 ; 33rpm format . lh ] 3 ) there are some recordings which accompany two books : timothy shopen and joseph williams , 1980 , standards and dialects in english , cambridge ma : winthrop ; and diane bryen , cheryl hartmen , and pearl tait , 1978 , variant english , columbus oh : charles merrill . both are rather more sociolinguistically than geographically oriented . the christian , linn and zuber , and linn bibliographies will give you the best coverage of what is available in american english dialect recordings ( and , nicely , how to get them ) . more better : most are free . [ oh , yes ; free _ is _ the best price , is n't it ? lh ] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - there is a cassette that goes with trudgill and hannah 's international english : a guide to varieties of standard english which contains a passage in thirteen different dialects , ten of which are non - north american . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - what i have been using lately , for reasons of my own , are tapes of poetry readings ; the trick is to find poets who are good exemplars of various dialects . audio - forum and caedmon are the two biggest suppliers , i think . a - f 's address is 96 broad street , guilford ct , 06437 ; i do n't know caedmon 's offhand . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the ohio state language files publishers , advocate publishing group of reynoldsburg , oh , used to have a set of tapes illustrating a range of dialects . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - just an idea . . . . you may be able to get some more samples of international english dialects by recording from short-wave broadcasts .
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 907,""Subject: e-mail citation summary
  
  about a week ago i posted a query asking how to cite e-mail messages . i 'd like to thank the following people for their prompt and informative responses : david stampe joseph tomei meg gam bert peters alfred rosa bparker ( only e-mail address given ) f . gladney marty jacobsen elizabeth m . bergman dorine houston susan fagyal debra hardison several style manuals were recommended . the latest editions of the mla , apa and chicago all make reference to electronic sources . xai li and nancy b . crane 's book electronic style was recommended by several people . the publisher ( ? ) allyn & bacon is also making a style guide available . three electronic guides were also recommended ; the faq file of the group """" alt . usage . english """" available from """" misreal @ scripps . edu """" , a file on the tesl - l mailing list and a previous posting to linguist list vol 6-210 mon 13 feb 1995 . i have a copy of this last source which i am willing to forward to anyone interested ( note this message also explains how to get the tesl list ) . besides giving me references , many of those responding cautioned me to get the permission of my sources before citing them . there are at least two reasons for this ; first many people respond to queries off the top of their heads without double checking their facts and second while willing to respond to one query many people may not want to set themselves as a source to be consulted by anyone doing research on the subject in question . in most situations , i have come to the conclusion that personal e-mail should be cited as personal communications , which is enough to indicate that the information is not original to the author without making any promises that the source will act as a reference . ( co - incidentally this is the solution suggested by about half of my respondents ) . however a posting to a list ( like this summary ) which is available to anyone and which can be accessed without contacting the author directly should be cited according to the style guide of your choice or in such a way that it can be easily found . heather anderson hmanders @ indiana . edu
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 908,""Subject: q : help with french translation
  
  i need help with the translation of the french word """" barine """" . from the context ( a song by augusta holme ` s , including the lines """" je suis ivan , fils du barine """" ) i infer that it 's some member of russian nobility , but have been unable to find it in 4 dictionaries . please e-mail responses directly to me , as this can't really be of wide interest . thanks . susan fischer
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 909,""Subject: q : processing of japanese text / database ; word frequencies
  
  i am posting this on behalf of a colleague who is not on the list . she is going to perform psycholinguistic experiments on japanese morphology and needs a number of things for her preparatory work . first of all she needs to find dictionaries or ( preferred ) lexical databases which contain reliable and _ recent _ information on word frequencies ( her main emphasis will be on verb morphology ) ; we already know of one dictionary but this is at least forty years old . can anyone on the list point us to such dictionaries or databases ? - if not , is anyone aware of machine-redable corpora of japanese texts of everyday use ( papers , magazines ) from which she could extract the desired frequencies ? our next problem is to find windows ( truetype or atm ) - fonts of kanj and kana alphabets ( kana would be the more important ) , because these are input to the software that handles the experiments . we are aware of njstar for dos and """" jwp """" , a ' japanese word processor ' for windows , which would suffice as a word processor as such , but it uses an internal font format to which our onversion tool has no access . besides of that having truetype fonts would make building our own databases a lot easier , because we would be able to use windows standard-software , so far we have only been informed of a rather adventurous way of feeding the output of a dos database into njstar to print index cards in a library . by the way - i have heard of a japanese edition of aldus ' pagemaker - does it come with fonts ? we would be grateful for any hint and we promise to post a summary . thanks in advance christian * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * christian kissing dept . of linguistics universitaet duesseldorf home : universtaetsstrasse 1 neusser strasse 17 d-40225 duesseldorf 50670 koeln tel . : + 49 + 211 / 311-4797 0221 / 779061 fax . : + 49 + 211 / 311-5180 email : kissing @ ling . uni-duesseldorf . de * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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 910,""Subject: q : chess - game of kings ? ( english )
  
  while proofreading a translation of a text into english i found a reference to chess as """" the game of kings """" . this expression is a literal translation of an equivalent hebrew expression . the english sources i know use the term """" the royal game """" ( which may well be the source for the hebrew expression , king and royal being derived from the same root ) . in english """" game of kings """" sounds a bit off to me . i would be grateful if anyone could tell me whether one of those expressions is preferable to the other . thanks uri bruck bruck @ actcom . co . il
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 911,""Subject: articulatory sinthesizer
  
  i ' m posting this message to ask if anyone knows of available articulatory synthesizer , commercial or public . i ' m working in a project about phonetic development from an articulatory approach . please respond to my personal address . thank in advance . alejandro c . renato dept . of computation fac . cs . exactas y nat . universidad de buenos aires arenato @ zorzal . dc . uba . ar
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 912,""Subject: iawe : conference alert
  
  """" third international conference of world englishes """" december 19-21 , 1996 third international conference of world englishes organized by the international association for world englishes ( iawe ) will be held on december 19-21 , 1996 in honolulu , hawaii , usa . proposals for presentations , colloquia , and interest group meetings are due before june 1 , 1996 . the 2nd iawe conference was held in nagoya , japan , may 25-28 , 1995 . it was a great success . for details about iawe 1996 contact : larry e . smith dean & director program on education and training east - west center 1777 east - west rd . , honolulu , hi 96848 tel : ( 808 ) 944-7634 fax : ( 808 ) 944-7634 e - mail : smithl @ ewc . bitnet for membership of iawe please contact : professor cecil nelson department of english indiana state university terre haute , in 47809 , usa e - mail : ejcln @ root . indstate . edu
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 913,""Subject: query : preserving field recordings
  
  i have a question about preserving regular * analog * recordings made in the field . i work in rural chinese , and for the most part i collect inventories of lexicon , along with some texts . for ordinary background recording of interviews i have been using a $ 45 panasonic microcassette recorder on half-speed , which does * quite * serviceably even without an external mic . i intend to use ordinary high-bias non-metal cassettes for material i want to work with in some detail , such as stories , conversations , and recitation . i can transfer that to micro-cassette for transcription , so that the master remains in good condition . what concerns me is finding a way to preserve material originally made on analog tape . tapes mildew rapidly in taiwan and southern china , and even in seattle and new york i have had tapes become unplayable after a number of years in storage . i was thinking that if there were some inexpensive and painless way to digitize ordinary analog tapes , i could transfer them to cd here at my school , for only the price of the cd itself ( about $ 12 ) . one problem is wasted space : i can only fit 74 minutes of uncompressed sound on a cd , because one seems to have no choice but to record in stereo , even if the original source is mono . does anyone have any experience with this ? i could get far more material onto a cd if i compressed it but i do n't want to do that , because i have no confidence that today 's compression protocols will be readable in 20 or 50 years - remember the data from the 1960 us census , which was stored on magnetic tape and could no longer be read by the mid - 1980 's ? if something is important enough to preserve on cd , i do n't want it to become unreadable in a few decades . i 'd appreciate hearing any ideas on long-term storage . also , if anyone has ideas about why digital equipment might still be preferable for my work , i 'd like to hear them . i will summarize the responses i get . sincerely , david prager branner , yuen ren society asian l&l , do-21 , university of washington seattle , wa 98195 usa < charmii @ u . washington . edu > web : http : / / weber . u . washington . edu / ~ yuenren / circular . html
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 914,""Subject: what non-linguists notice about speech
  
  i am looking for information on the investigation of what non-linguists notice about spoken language . which aspects of spoken language ( phonological , syntactical , lexical , and so on ) catch people 's attention , and how do non - linguists understand and categorize their awareness of others ' speech ? if anyone knows of research in this area , i would be grateful to hear about it . s . krainz ( v367my88 @ ubvms . cc . buffalo . edu )
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 915,""Subject: help : teaching stress in intro phonetics
  
  does anybody have any hints on how to help undergrads in an introductory phonetics class learn to hear lexical stress ( that is , to identify the syllable in a word that receives primary stress ) , particulary in ameng ? the two """" helps """" i know are 1 ) say the word several times , over-emphasizing one syllable at a time ( i ' ve just done this by example , using extreme f0 & intensity variation ) . one production should sound reasonably normal and the rest should sound pretty odd ; or 2 ) tap your finger as you say the word ; folks usually tap on the stressed syllable . while most students i ' ve had seem to grasp this fairly quickly , i still have a few who , after numerous examples , look at me as if i ' m being utterly mystical . some of these are non-native speakers of english , but not all . i realize that this question calls up all sorts of issues on the nature of stress and its perception , but before one can address those at all it 's necessary to introduce the concept somehow , and so far my experience has been that introductory discussions of stress in phonetics texts ultimately assume that speakers can pretty reliably """" hear stress """" once the phenomenon is pointed out to them - - that is , that there 's something intuitively obvious about the notion of a stressed syllable . but what about those students / speakers who apparently find nothing intuitive about it ? thanks laura l . koenig ( koenig @ haskins . yale . edu )
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 916,""Subject: learning styles and strategies research
  
  i am currently involved in research on how individuals learn ( 1 ) language ( s ) and ( 2 ) general knowledge ( i . e . , factual information ) . while there is con - siderable research on students ' learning strategies ( techniques such as rote - memorizing , writing notes , practicing aloud , studying in groups / alone , immersin g oneself in a language / culture , reading texts , listening to lectures , working with materials in a hands-on manner , etc ) , there appears to be little data on the preferred styles and strategies of individuals who continue to be immersed in a """" learning """" environment such as schools , colleges and universities - in other words , teachers , instructors , researchers , lecturers , etc . i would appreciate any feedback members of this list could provide con - cerning ( 1 ) their personal learning style ( e . g . , habitual mode of learning new material ) , ( 2 ) their preferred learning strategies for languages and / or factual information , and ( 3 ) their opinion on whether they believe ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) may influence their lecturing or teaching style . i would like to thank you in advance for your input on this matter . please respond to : karen woodman kwoodman @ uvvm . uvic . ca
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 917,""Subject: fifth international conference on chinese linguistics
  
  the fifth international conference on chinese linguistics first announcement june 27-29 , 1996 the graduate institute of linguistics of national tsing hua university at hsin - chu , taiwan , is pleased to host the fifth international conference on chinese linguistics ( iccl - 5 ) in the summer of 1996 . interested linguists are cordially invited to participate in the conference . important dates : deadline for abstracts : december 31 , 1995 notification of acceptance : february 15 , 1996 deadline for preregistration : may 31 , 1996 conference dates : june 27-29 , 1996 call for abstracts and ysa papers abstracts of original studies in all aspects of chinese linguistics are invited . each abstract is not to exceed one a4 or letter-sized page , and is to be contained within a 16cm x 25cm ( 6in . x 10in . ) area . three copies of the abstract are required . due to budgetary limitations , we can only acknowledge by email the receipt of abstracts . if the abstract is sent via fax or email , a camera-ready copy of the abstract bearing name ( s ) and affiliation ( s ) of the author ( s ) is required before may 31 for inclusion in the conference handbook . please note that the right to present a paper at iccl - 5 is reserved for members of the international association of chinese linguistics ( iacl ) . ask the iccl - 5 organizing committee for a membership application form . applicants for young scholar award ( ysa ) should send a single-authored full paper ( maximum 25 pages ) in either english or chinese , with a one-page abstract as specified above , before december 31 , 1995 . three copies of the paper and the abstract are required . only scholars aged 35 or younger or below the rank of associate professor ( us / chinese system ) or senior lecturer ( british system ) are eligible . proof of age or rank should be provided at the time of submission . recipients will be given subsidies to attend iccl - 5 where the award will be presented . please address papers and abstracts , as well as inquiries and requests , to : iccl - 5 organizing committee graduate institute of linguistics national tsing hua university hsin - chu 300 taiwan tel : + 886 35 718615 fax : + 886 35 725994 email : iccl5 @ ling . nthu . edu . tw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iccl - 5 reply slip please fill out the following form and send it to the following address so that we can keep you informed . reply slips sent by email or fax containing the same information are also accepted . iccl - 5 organizing committee graduate institute of linguistics national tsing hua university hsin - chu 300 taiwan tel : + 886 35 718615 fax : + 886 35 725994 email : iccl5 @ ling . nthu . edu . tw name : tel : fax : email : address : please check : [ ] please put my name on the mailing list . [ ] i intend to participate in iccl - 5 . [ ] i intend to contribute a paper . the tentative title of my paper is : suggestions :
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 918,""Subject: japanese sec . lang . acq . workshop
  
  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * jslar - panel at pacslrf96 * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the convenors of the next pacslrf - conference and manfred pienemann from the australian national university are planning a panel on jslar . pacslrf is a biannual conference on second language acquisition research in the pacific region . the next pacslrf will be held in wellington , new zealand , from january 30th to february 2nd 1996 the jslar - panel will focus on cognitive aspects of the acquisition of japanese . the first part will consist of 4 - 6 presentations , which serve to highlight areas and results of current research and should not exceed ten minutes . the presentations will be followed by a panel discussion with the presenting researchers . two facilitators will lead the discussion : manfred pienemann will represent the cognitive aspects of language acquisition , while the other facilitator , still to be announced , will address aspects of japanese linguistics . the panel discussion will last for 1 . 5 to 2 hours . facilities for a video-link to places in new zealand , australia , japan and the u . s . will be provided . if you are interested in joining the panel or a video-link , please enquire at one of the e-mail addresses below . please send proposals for a presentation asap to prof pienemann ( see address below ) . prof m pienemann australian national university dept . of modern europeanlanguages manfred . pienemann @ anu . edu . au satomi kawaguchi australian national university dept . of modern europeanlanguages satomi . kawaguchi @ anu . edu . au kirsten huter australian national university dept . of modern europeanlanguages kirsten . huter @ anu . edu . au address : kirsten huter dept . of modern european languages australian national university act 0200 kirsten . huter @ anu . edu . au - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - paul warren department of linguistics , victoria university of wellington po box 600 , wellington , new zealand e-mail : paul . warren @ vuw . ac . nz phone : + 64 4 472 1000 ext . 8097 fax : + 64 4 471 2070
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 919,""Subject: job announcement for a spanish sociolinguist at ohio state univ .
  
  department of spanish and portuguese the ohio state university position notice assistant professor of spanish with specialization in sociolinguistics / spanish in the u . s . a . assistant professor of spanish with specialization in sociolinguistics / spanish in the u . s . a . , and demonstrated research focus in language variation and change . solid background in one or more core areas of theoretical linguistics : phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics . teaching in undergraduate language and linguistics courses , and in the linguistics graduate program . tenure - track position , to begin autumn 1996 . ph . d . by time of appointment . teaching experience preferred ; publications desirable . native or near-native spanish language skills . salary commensurate with experience . send application materials ( letter , cv , three recent letters of reference , and one sample publication or dissertation chapter ) by october 31 , 1995 to : stephen summerhill , chair dept . of spanish and portuguese the ohio state university 266 cunz hall 1841 millikin road columbus , oh . 43210-1229
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 920,""Subject: re : 6 . 1049 , sum : e - mail citation
  
  on occasion i have heard or read papers , usually on discourse , that use as data excerpts from the conversation or interview books by studs terkel ( such as _ working _ or _ the good war _ ) . as a resident of chicago , i have the opportunity to hear studs terkel 's daily radio program broadcast on wfmt . once in a while , i have happened to read a passage in one of the books within a few days of hearing the same interview in a broadcast , and i have noticed that the published version does not correspond exactly to what is on the tape . that is , studs terkel edits the material for style before it goes into print . i had the opportunity to confirm this in a brief conversation with studs terkel on saturday afternoon , 29 july 1995 . ( he 's a lot haler than any 85 - year-old could expect to be . ) first , when i told him his works were being used as data by linguists , he was immensely pleased , and he said , """" you ' ve made my day """" ; but he also confirmed that he edits the words of his subjects before he publishes them , and gave me his blessing to announce this to linguists who may be interested . the conversations in terkel 's books give every impression of being the genuine words of the people who speak them - - and they would certainly recognize themselves in the excerpts - - but studs terkel is a very accomplished literary artist , and does n't want his work to be acclaimed as the ipsissima verba of his workers , his soldiers , or any of his other subjects . i ' m sure he 'd like to receive copies of papers that cite his writings ; you could send them to him c / o wfmt , 303 e . wacker drive , chicago , il 60601 . - peter t . daniels , pdaniels @ press-gopher . uchicago . edu
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 921,""Subject: q : influence of tone on writing
  
  a ph . d student here , thien do , is looking at the historical context of writings in southern vietnam under the impact of french presence and modernity at the turn of this century . he wishes to consider how assertion of local identity was linguistically possible . as part of the above attempt , he would be grateful for advice on any references or bibliography of studies in the asia - pacific region , if not , anywhere , on the following : approaches or methodological considerations in determining the influence of tone in particular , or speech and singing in general , on writings ( e . g . how pitch contour properties of local varieties and genres have been represented in writing systems which generally reflect a different dialect and tradition ) .
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 922,""Subject: qs : syllabus for english linguistics
  
  i will be teaching a year-long course entitled english linguistics this next year . most linguistics texts take an international approach - - does anyone know of a text which focuses almost exclusively on the english language ? thanks in advance . sandi m . de oliveira u . of evora - portugal sandi @ evunix . uevora . pt
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 923,""Subject: holding / managing / hand
  
  i am looking at semantic extensions of """" hand """" and """" hold """" to include controlling or managing or influencing . i need as many cross-linguistic examples ( with sources ) as possible of words for """" hold """" / """" grasp """" or """" hand """" which have been extended ( with appropriate morphology if appropriate ) to mean """" manage """" , """" control """" , """" influence """" or """" deal with """" . for example , english has hand , handle ( noun and verb ) , german has hand , handel , handlung , handhaben , etc . if you can give me any examples from your various synchronic and diachronic territories , i 'd be very grateful . paul woods english department 205 morrill hall oklahoma state university stillwater ok 74078 usa tel : 1 405 744 9474 fax : 1 405 744 6326 email : ncx @ rs . ucc . okstate . edu
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 924,""Subject: antipassive and reflexive
  
  some time ago , i posted a question asking whether people knew of languages that had both a reflexive morpheme ( attached to v ) and an antipassive morpheme ( attached to v ) , where the two were different . i received three replies which are included below in abbreviated form . i thank those who responded for their help : angela terrill , mike darnell , and suzanne kemmer * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * there are thirteen or so australian languages which have antipassives ( all pama - nyungan ) . of these , most use the same morphology as their reflexives . some languages have antipassive verbal morphology but no reflexive morphology . but the languages which have separate explicit verbal morphology for reflexives and antipassives are , including sources : * dyirbal ( around cairns ) marks antipassive with - ngay - . reflexive is rriy ~ yirriy ~ marriy ~ ( m ) barriy . dixon ( 1972 ) the dyirbal language of north queensland ( cambridge : cup ) * warungu ( west of dyirbal , not closely related ) has antipassive - gali - and reflexive - li - . probably historically related . t . tsunoda ( 1974 ) ' a grammar of the warungu language ' monash university ma thesis * kalkatungu ( western queensland ) has antipassive - yi - and reflexive - ti - . maybe historically related . b . j . blake ( 1979 ) a kalkatungu grammar ( canberra : pacific linguistics ) the proto - pama - nyungan ( and maybe proto - australian ? ) reflexive form is something like * - dhi - rri - , where dh is a laminal stop , either lamino-palatal or lamino-dental . the overwhelming majority of reflexive ( and antipassive ) markers in pama - nyungan languages are reflexes of this . the warungu and kalkatungu antipassive forms given above are probably reflexes of this also , but the dyirbal form definitely is n't ( although , interestingly , it is cognate with an applicative form in nearby yidiny ( dixon 1977 ) . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * does this work for you ? lix-t - 0 - as ta sitn put . dowm-trans - 3sgo - 3sga art basket he / she put down the basket . lix-m - 0 t-ta sitn put . down-intrans - 3sgs oblique case-art basket he / she put down the basket . now admittedly there are some complexities to this situation . some salish anists ( the examples from squamish , british columbia ) dispute the antipassive analysis in the second example , but putting that aside payaq-t - sut prepare-trans - reflexive he / she prepared himself / herself . this seems to fit your requirements , but i have a question . could the morpheme in your example , and perhaps in the case of others that you mention in passing , be a middle voice marker rather than reflexive . again , from squamish suk ' w-um ( the - um here is identical to the - m above ) bathe-intrans he / she bathes ( only himself or herself , a transitive reading requires the - - t , you saw above ) whatever the case with the examples that you ' ve seen squamish seems to have a morpheme for antipassive and middle , with a separate one for reflexive . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * a number of philippine languages have an antipassive that consists in detransitivizing the verb with a prefix and stripping the object of its 'd eterminer ' ( which marks case ) and other modifiers . the reflexive marker , on the other hand , is a completely different morpheme . kapampangan is a language of this type . another case , i would suggest , is languages whose former reflexive marker now codes antipassive , but which in the meantime have innovated a new reflexive marker . russian uses the suffix ' - sja ' on the verb ' bite ' to mean ' the dog bites ' ( generically ) and similar cases . but - sja is not the reflexive marker in russian . sebja is the productive reflexive marker . - sja does occur on verbs like ' wash ' , but these are not reflexive verbs - - languages tend to mark them differently from reflexives . my book """" the middle voice """" draws the reflexive-middle distinction and documents it from many languages . jeff lidz university of delaware office : ( 302 ) 831-6489 department of linguistics home : ( 302 ) 656-1902 46 e . delaware ave . email : jlidz @ brahms . udel . edu newark , de 19716
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 925,""Subject: cfp : paclic10 2nd call
  
  second call for abstracts the 10th pacific asia conference on language , information and computation paclic10 ( 1995 ) the language information sciences research centre , city university of hong kong , is pleased to announce that the 10th pacific asia conference on language , information and computation ( paclic10 ) will be held at the city university of hong kong on 27th and 28th december 1995 . it was the consensus of the organisers of the 1994 joint conference of the asian conference on language , information and computation ( aclic ) and the pacific asia conference on formal and computational linguistics ( pacfocol ) that the two conferences would continue to be held jointly in the future as the pacific asia conference on language , information and computation , with the 1995 conference being numbered the 10th . this joint conference brings together researchers of diverse background interested in theoretical and computational linguistics in the pacific asia region . topics of the conference include theoretical and computational studies in syntax , morphology , semantics , pragmatics , discourse and dialogue analysis , corpus linguistics , logic grammars and formal modelling of other linguistic phenomena . about 20 papers will be presented at plenary sessions . paper presenters will have 30 minutes for presentation and question answering . abstracts should not exceed three a4 pages ( one additional page for reference and / or data ) . 4 hard-copies of the abstract with the title , the author 's name , affiliation , mailing address , fax number and / or e-mail address on a separate page should be sent to the conference secretariat ( see below ) . abstract submission : by 31st august 1995 notification of acceptance : 30th september 1995 submission of full paper : 10th november 1995 registration fees : : hk $ 800 / us $ 105 ( on or before 15 / 10 / 95 ) hk $ 900 / us $ 115 ( after 15 / 10 / 95 ) accepted papers will be published in the conference proceedings . camera - ready full papers should be no more than 10 single-sided , single-spaced , a4 pages ( approximately 45 lines per page ) with 37mm margins on all sides . keynote speaker : william s - y wang professor of language engineering city university of hong kong , and professor of graduate council university of california , berkeley programme committee : churen huang , academia sinica , taipei ( co-chairman ) akira ikeya , tokyo gakugei unversity ( co-chairman ) byung - soo park , kyung hee university ( co-chairman ) benjamin k . tsou , city university of hong kong ( chairman ) lydia s . c . chan , national university of singapore jyn - sheng chang , national tsinghua university hsin - hsi chen , national taiwan university jaewoong choe , korea university zhendong dong , iss , national university of singapore one - soon her , national chengchi university changning huang , tsinghua university akira ishikawa , sophia university masato ishizaki , advanced telecommunications research inst . international yan jiang , hong kong polytechnic university hisashi komatsu , hiroshima city university chungmin lee , seoul national university ik - hwan lee , yonsei university kiyong lee , korea university shuhung leung , city university of hong kong kim teng lua , national university of singapore robert w . p . luk , city university of hong kong yuji matsumoto , nara institute of technology haihua pan , city university of hong kong jhing - fa wang , national chengkung university jonathan webster , city university of hong kong dekai wu , hong kong university of science and technology paul horng jyh wu , national university of singapore tianshun yao , north - east university tom b . y . lai , city university of hong kong ( secretary ) conference secretariat : paclic10 ( 1995 ) language information sciences research centre city university of hong kong tat chee avenue , kowloon hong kong fax : ( 852 ) 27889443 e-mail : rlpaclic @ cityu . edu . hk
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 926,""Subject: sum : 501 - beaver revisited
  
  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - on july 8 i posted the following two sentences , 1 . the beaver got a christmas card because she did n't notice the brown paper bag at her back door . 2 . one day , in the parking lot of the concert hall , i witnessed a major used - 501 deal . in order to find out their ( hidden ) meaning . these sentences were part of a set of isolated idiomatic sentences , without any given context whatsoever , which my wife and i were trying to translate . the meaning of the majority of these sentences could be found rather easily by means of the usual resources , like common sense , ( slang - ) dictionaries and encyclopedia 's . however , 501 - beaver remained a mystery . so we decided to consult internet , to see if a native speaker could help us out . about 50 reactions came from all over the world ! with your help the 501 mystery has been solved . thanks a lot ! however , unfortunately ' the beaver has not landed ' . sorry to have bothered you with this weird sentence . we simply expected this sentence to be a common idiomatic expression . . . most of you mentioned the sexual connotations of ' beaver ' , ' bag ' and ' back door ' . the ' christmas card ' , however , does not fit into this picture . it might be a reference to something unpleasant , but then the sentence as a whole still remains highly cryptic ; the parts just do n't match ! some of you came up with the possibility , that ' the brown paper bag ' might refer to ( hiding ) a bottle of liquor . in this context ' to get a christmas card ' might be a euphemism for a hang-over or an alcohol problem . but still the sentence as a whole does not make much sense . . . another possible solution might be found in cockney rhyming slang , in which ' christmas card ' refers to ' guard ' , but then again : the other parts of the sentence just refuse to cooperate . . . or maybe the sentence refers to a childrens book or a fairy tale ? fortunately the ' 501 deal ' was more common and so it was a lot easier to figure out the meaning of the second sentence . a few people thought the 501 might be a car . this possibility had crossed our minds too . after having looked it up in a car encycopedia and having consulted a local peugeot dealer , indeed a 301 , a 401 , and a 601 , and even a 504 , turned out to exist ; a peugeot 501 , however , just does n o t exist ! so this solution had to be ruled out . the great majority of the respondents told us , that 501 refers to the popular button-fly levi 's blue jeans with straight legs . in holland this type of jeans is familiar also , but we did n't understand the """" major used - 501 deal """" in this context : """" what 's the big deal in selling worn blue jeans ? """" however , most respondents from the u . s . , but also from european countries , told us , that it is very popular to buy and sell used 501 's in the us . apparently young people are willing to pay much money for used jeans , because they are more comfortable ( less stiff ) and because they look more ' hip ' than the new ones . many companies buy used 501 's and after that they are sold from stores ( e . g . , on melrose ave . in l . a . there are at least half a dozen of these stores ) . besides that , there 's a huge ( black ) market , in which case people sell 501 's out of the back of cars or vans in parking lots or other public places . there might also be a foreign market for used 501 's , as rumour has it that used 501 's are also shipped off to paris , london , the far east ( japan ) and eastern europe . because so many people reacted , we cannot quote them all . so we have made a selection . as some of the respondents preferred not to be mentioned by name , we decided to not mention anyone by name . at the end of this recital we will give a short conclusion . . 501 's , what 's it all about """" 501 's are a style of blue jeans made by levi strauss and co . 501 's are , i believe , the best-selling style of levi 's . they are button-fly ( as opposed to the kind you zip up ) , and have 5 pockets . they are the kind of jeans people think of when they think of jeans . here in the us , used 501 's are worth more than other kinds of used jeans - - in college towns , you ' ll often see signs in vintage clothing stores specifically saying something like """" cash for used 501 's . """" before perestroika , there was a big black market demand in russia for jeans of any kind . levi 's were the prestige brand ; i do n't know the location in time and space of your narrative , but perhaps the deal is shady . a major deal involving used jeans ( which here can be bought new on sale for $ 20 , and used , might fetch the original owner $ 10 in a vintage store ) must then be a negotiation about a truck full of jeans or so . many pairs would be needed to make the cash involved a major deal . """" . used - 501 sale vs . used - 501 deal """" used 501 's are becoming in recent years more and more popular among the youth of this country , hence the rise in shops and vendors that deal exclusively in these used products . _ a used - 501 deal _ is most likely an informal street sale ( not through a well-established shop , in which case it would be called a _ sale _ ) of used jeans , especially levi brand jeans ' """" . witnessing a 501 deal """" so the sentence could mean either the speaker witnessed someone purchase used ( previously owned ) 501 's , with 'd eal ' meaning ' ( business ) transaction ' , or 'd eal ' could mean ' bargain ' , that the jeans were being sold for less than usual . the fact that the speaker uses the verb ' witness ' would seem to remove him from the action , so perhaps the first interpretation is best . """" . cowboys like their 501 's blue and stiff """" i recently read an article about a company who buys used blue jeans from real cowboys and sells them at a very high price to people in places like new york city . ( cowboys , of which my brother-in - law is one , do n't wear their jeans when they start to fade , they like them blue and stiff . ) """" . a used - 501 deal """" i ' m inspired to write by a sign i saw a few minutes ago , while driving home from the office . it announced that a merchant would pay up to $ 17us for """" used 501s . """" """" 501 """" refers to a style of blue jeans - what my grandmother used to call dungarees - manufactured by the levi strauss co . all their style numbers are numbers between 500 and 600 . 501 is a popular style among young persons , featuring a button-fly and straight legs . i ' m no longer young enough for 501s ; i must wear 512s , which have a fuller leg and seat . tomorrow , i ' m going to take all my old , unwearable 501s and trade them for $ 17us each . i 'd say that a """" major used - 501 deal """" is either a transaction such as the one i ' m proposing for tomorrow or , because """" deal """" is sometimes used more generically , somewhat like """" thing """" , a place of business where such transactions take place . """" . major 501 price , major 501 place or major 501 transaction """" """" a major used - 501 deal """" no doubt refers to one of those temporary locations where people offer to buy used levi 501 jeans for around $ 8 , with the intention of re-selling them elsewhere . """" deal """" is so inarticulate a word that it 's not possible to tell you definitively what is meant , apart from more context . ( 1 ) my best guess is that it relates to """" getting a good deal """" for your used 501 jeans , that is , getting a good price for them . the scenario i have constructed is that someone wants to point out a place where you can get good money by selling your used 501 jeans . ( 2 ) if it does n't have to do with getting a price for used jeans , it might refer to the physical characteristics of the business place itself . this particular temporary storefront may be larger or more conspicuous than usual . in that scenario , someone wants to point out a larger-than - usual 501 jeans stand . ( """" a major used - 501 whatchamacallit : stand , storefront , business """" ) ( 3 ) last scenario : someone witnessed a major jeans-selling transaction . he wants to describe someone 's having brought in and sold a large quantity of 501 jeans to the jeans buyer . to be brief here are three possible paraphrases for """" a major used - 501 deal """" . 1 . """" a place where they give you a much better-than - average price for your used 501 jeans """" 2 . """" a large or impressive used - 501 jeans stand """" 3 . """" a single business transaction involving the buying and selling of a large lot of 501 jeans """" """" . conclusion in reference to the last respondent , somehow we felt most comfortable with the third paraphrase , mainly because according to most of the other respondents a business t r a n s a c t i o n was involved here and because according to our own intuition ' to witness ' - - at least when it means ' to see sth . ' - - always goes with an object , expressing an a c t i o n rather than a s t a t e . in the case of the ' 501 deal ' this means that the one who uttered the sentence , s a w that a 501 actually w a s b e i n g sold and because he speaks of a major deal , he saw a lot of 501s being sold at once . so , in our opinion : """" one day , in the parking lot of the concert hall , i witnessed a major used - 501 deal . """" can best be paraphrased into : """" one day , in the parking lot of the concert hall , i witnessed a business transaction involving a large stock of used levi 's 501 . """" if someone still feels uncomfortable with this transcription , please do n't hesitate to send your reaction to wimk @ zeus . cs . kun . nl . thanks again for all your contributions . many regards , wim koole , also on behalf of janny koole - loonstra nijmegen holland
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 927,""Subject: disc . sex / lang
  
  i have been proceeding with a """" disc he / she """" theme . it has been somewhat expanded , and i would like to have it posted under the """" disc : sex / lang """" subject head . thanks , jw ] in the continuing discussion of pronouns , i ' m making a summary and a shift . the shift is spurred by the necessity to widen the orbit from pronouns to """" sex and language """" , perhaps an inevitable transition . alexis manaster ramer ( see below ) has suggested that a discussion of universal male dominace in society / language should take place prior to one of pronouns . i willingly go along , but reject the misandrist characterization . first the pronoun summary . """" he """" summary in my """" he """" work , i have suggested that to understand the generic and proverbial uses of modern english """" he """" , one would have to integrate into their data the facts that 1 ) """" he """" as a feminine pronoun survived much later in historical english than is generally acknowledged , and that 2 ) the late-archaic english """" he """" , on the one hand , as feminine , had an association with the all-genders plural , and on the other , as a masculine , had an association with the singular and neuter . """" him """" and """" his """" were during middle english , and later , also neuter ( """" not one or the other """" ) pronouns , and the ontogeny of the modern paradigm must account for these facts . there are more than a few examples of """" he """" in a generic / proverbial context in which , if there is any sex distinction at all , it must be considered feminine , not masculine , as in the following ( _ piers plowman _ , walter kane - - passus vii , manuscript h3 , lines 235-36 ) : he that etyn here fode throw trauail god 3eueth they / she that eat / eats their / her food through work god gives hem his blissing that here liflode so wynneth them his blessing that their / her livelihood so earns . _ _ _ when the 18th century grammarians put the """" he """" rule on paper , the feminine morphology was not unknown , not yet forgotten . if gender feminists today put a gendrist interpretation on the grammarians ' motives and on the evolution of the """" he """" rule , it is through historical oversight , to put it kindly , and not for , as some maintain , misogynist motives , conscious or unconscious . finally , i have challenged the interpretation of the """" worthiness """" doctrine . according to it , the grammarians of yore said """" he """" was more """" worthy """" . the word """" worthy """" has , i believe , been too quickly accepted in its old english root-meaning of """" deserving """" , whereas i have yet to see any contexts that contradict its other meaning , based on its other old english root , """" appropriate """" . are there any clarifying contexts ? please show i ' m wrong . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - sex and language alexis manaster ramer sent me a personal response to my ideas ; when i asked , he said i could post for general reading . ( btw , what are some of the etymologies given for """" girl """" , """" boy """" , """" marry """" ? ) alexis says : thank you for responding . since we obviously agree about the final resolution of this issue , i guess i would say that there are simply two aspects to the way one must respond to the people who are claiming that the generic he was invented by male chauvinist grammarians . one is yours ( that it has a continuous history within english ) [ did i say that ? - jw ] . the other is mine ( that if we knew nothing about the history of english , the universal picture would authorize us to suppose that this was indeed a natural phenomenon , not an invention of the grammarians ) . but i would then say that the presumed reason why this phenomenon is universal is presumably that all known cultures ( or maybe there is one exception , according to what i read somewhere ) have been male-dominated at all known time periods , and the fact that masculine / male is ' unmarked ' must surely be a reflection of this . so , the locus of the blame [ ! ] shifts from the conscious work of english grammarians to the subconscious workings of the language faculties of countless generations of human beings all over the planet who have lived in societies where there was no concept of sex equality . what do you think ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - jeff responds thanks for the elaboration . what do i think ? first , to get it straight . . . you are saying that comparable structures to """" generic he """" are found in all languages ( with perhaps a few exceptions ) , and on that basis a person might be led to conclude it is a natural phenomenon , but they would be wrong . rather , universal male domination is the explanation , as seen in the unmarked pronoun """" he """" , and we must """" blame """" the subconscious workings of the language faculties of all people in history , who have had no concept of sex equality . i have three questions , each of which i provide some of my own views about . 1 ) what are some of the parameters of and who ( authors ) do you look to for your idea that all history has been male dominated ? ( i personally resent this characterization . ) """" dominated """" hinges on what you mean - - the crimson sunset dominated the horizon and the pimples dominated the young girl 's face . on a group level , men , qua males , have been sufficiently dutiful to """" women and children first """" that they can be said to have historically regarded their own lot as the more expendable , i . e . , at least as might say the contour of a bell-curve measuring such a thing . men subdue the metaphorical colin fergusons of the world , not women . on an individual level , camille paglia nails it when she talks about the substantial power of women over men , qua males , based on women 's power to close their legs . 2 ) where does your concept of linguistic markedness come from , and on what basis do you establish a cause-effect relationship between patriarchy and markedness in pronouns ? my own idea of markedness is based on the original exposition as seen formulated by jakobson and trubetzkoy about 1930 ( see _ on language _ , roman jakobson , ed . linda r . waugh , 1990 . chapter 8 ) . a conclusion opposite to yours ( and gender feminists ) seems evident from the original formulation . their concept of """" the mark """" grew out of interest in binary aspects of language , like past / present , long / short . trubetzkoy wrote , """" only one of the terms of a correlation is perceived as actively modified and as positively possessing some mark , while the other term is perceived as lacking the mark and as passively unmodified """" ( p136 ) . this suggests to me that """" woman """" and """" she """" are """" species """" terms which females """" have """" as an exclusive and special privilege , whereas males do not have a """" species """" name exclusively their own , but instead must suffer to share a """" genus """" designation . it is for this reason i prefer sometimes to call the masculine unmarked words """" tautonyms """" ( i . e . , in biology , one name for both species and genus ) . the editor of the book goes on to comment on the concept : """" thus , the general meaning of _ lion _ , in contradistinction to that of _ lioness _ , implies no sexual specification - - and only the * basic meaning * of _ lion _ prompted by informative contexts suggests a sexual specification : e . g . , _ lions and lionesses _ """" . is n't this saying that man qua male emerges only in contexts that contrast him with the female ? otherwise , he is a generic ( genus , genre ) person and accordingly unmarked - - i . e . , """" just """" a person . the jakobson book continues , """" the constraining , focusing character of the marked term of any grammatical opposition is directed toward a more narrowly specified and delimited conceptual item """" . if men wanted to throw a testy beef about it , they could say , """" how come the gals have exclusive words , but the guys have to share theirs with everybody else ? """" 3 ) finally , you propose that in all past history they ' ve had """" no concept of sex equality """" . there is an inherent chronocentrism ( my term ) in your indictment , but , notwithstanding , i ' m somewhat sure you ' re talking about """" rights """" . """" rights """" , equal or otherwise , is a modern concept that is often muddled and sometimes useless if one considers , as i do , that the more important ends of life are happiness , inner peace , and freedom from fear - - what good are abstract rights if one is miserable all the time ? . the extremely important distinction is too often lost sight of between concepts of inherent rights and entitlement rights . if we discuss """" women 's equality """" and """" men 's equality """" without talking about documents like the universal declaration of human rights , the united states constitution , the code of hammurabi , etc . , or sources of rights , like god or the barrel of a gun , we are not going to get anywhere . if we take into account considerations of class , age , history , geography , etc . , i would argue that on a de facto level , women have had , and continue to have , collectively , an advantage over men . i know that saying so will upset a few of us , even give some of us a little gas and heartburn , my being the direct precipitation of which i apologize for in advance . best regards , jeffrey
 "",0
 928,""Subject: he / she
  
  > > jeffrey weber replies : > 1 ) my own approach to the """" generic he """" problem is based on my observation of > the late survival of the h-stem feminine in historical english , in many cases > the form being identical to the masculine . this observation is counter to > modern writers such as pyles / algeo , strang , penelope ( e-mail me for > citations ) - - writers who have kept alive and academically popular the idea > that the h-stem feminine had disappeared before 1300 . h-initial forms of the feminine pronoun are alive - if not necessarily very well - in various parts of britain , if not elsewhere . at a guess these are usually restricted to rural areas . conservative speakers in parts of derbyshire , for example , retain a form typically written as ' her ' ( and which , naturally , is normally regarded as misuse of the possessive pronoun ) . dialect maps ( eg by orton ) often deal with these pronouns . paul foulkes paul . foulkes @ newcastle . ac . uk
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 929,""Subject: job announcement
  
  austrian research institute for artificial intelligence ( ofai ) vienna , austria research position in natural language engineering a research position is to be filled in the natural language processing research group from october 1995 . the position is associated with a project grant from the austrian science foundation and will be initially for 24 months . an extension is possible , depending on further funding . the project aims at the development of a prototype of a german concept-to - speech synthesizer , with special emphasis on the mapping of a prosodic notation into phonetic / acoustic parameters . the prosodic notation is based on pierrehumbert 's notation , the synthesizer to be used is a demisyllable synthesizer developed at vienna university of technology . the project will build on previous research performed at our institute . the candidate should have experience in the field of speech synthesis or a related area . knowledge of german would be favourable . salary will be in the range of 340 . 000 austrian schillings per year ( before taxes ) . according to local regulations , the salary depends on the formal prerequisite of a doctorate , otherwise the salary will be significantly lower . informal inquiries to harald trost ( harald @ ai . univie . ac . at ) or ernst buchberger ( ernst @ ai . univie . ac . at ) , tel . + 43 - 1-535 32 810 . ofai is the leading austrian research institute in ai and natural language engineering and a member of elsnet . more information about language engineering at ofai can be found at http : / / www . ai . univie . ac . at / oefai / nlu . html if you are interested , send an informal application * as soon as possible * by email to harald @ ai . univie . ac . at , including a short cv emphasizing previous relevant education and research experience . we will contact promising candidates , so that they can submit a formal application with all details later on . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ernst buchberger , dept . of med . cybernetics & artificial intelligence , university of vienna , freyung 6 , a-1010 vienna , austria and austrian research institute for artificial intelligence , vienna + 43 - 1-53532810 ( tel ) , + 43 - 1-5320652 ( fax ) , ernst @ ai . univie . ac . at
 "",0
 930,""Subject: cfp : workshop on spoken language generation and multimodal
  
  information systems 2nd ` speak ! ' workshop : speech generation in multimodal information systems and practical applications 2nd - 3rd november 1995 gmd / ipsi , darmstadt , germany * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for contributions * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this workshop aims to bring together researchers , developers , and potential producers and marketers of multimodal information systems in order to consider the role of * spoken language synthesis * in such systems . not only do we need to be able to produce spoken language appropriately - - - including effective control of intonation - - - but also we need to know in which practical contexts spoken language is most beneficial . this requires a dialogue between those providing spoken natural language technology and those considering the practical use of multimodal information systems . the workshop will consist of paper presentations and practical demonstrations , as well as a roundtable discussion on the best strategies for pursuing the practical application of spoken language synthesis technology in information systems . suggested topic areas / themes include , but are not limited to : * functional control of intonation in synthesized speech * use of speech in intelligent interfaces for information systems * integration of speech into automatic query systems * cooperative integration of speech with text generation for information systems * evaluation strategies for information systems involving speech synthesis * applications for information systems with spoken language output capabilities * practical requirements for information systems with spoken language capabilities . potential participants are invited to submit short statements of interest indicating whether they would be interested in presenting a paper , offering a system demonstration , participating in the round table discussion , or simply attending . statements of interest and extended abstracts ( max . 7 pages ) should be sent by 1st . october by e-mail to : ` bateman @ gmd . de ' or by post to : john a . bateman , gmd / ipsi , dolivostr . 15 , d-64293 darmstadt , germany . extended abstracts will be made available at the workshop . during the workshop current results and demonstrations of the eu copernicus program project ` speak ! ' will also be given ( see attachment ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - project information : the speak ! project : speech generation in multimodal information systems """" speak ! """" is a european union funded project ( copernicus ' 93 project no . 10393 ) whose aim is to embed spoken natural language synthesis technology with sophisticated user interfaces in order to improve access to information systems . multimedia technology and knowledge-based text processing enhance the development of new types of information systems which not only offer references or full-text documents to the user but also provide access to images , graphics , audio and video documents . this diversification of the in formation offered has to be supported by easy-to - use multimodal user interfaces , which are capable of presenting each type of information item in a way that it can be perceived and processed effectively by the user . users can easily process simultaneously the graphical medium of information presentation and the linguistic medium . the separation of mode is also quite appropriate for the different functionalities of the main graphical interaction and the supportive meta-dialogue carried out linguistically . we believe , therefore , that a substantial improvement in both functionality and user acceptance is to be achieved by the integration of spoken languages capabilities . however , text-to - speech devices commercially available today produce speech that sounds unnatural and that is hard to listen to . high quality synthesized speech that sounds acceptable to humans demands appropriate intonation patterns . the effective control of intonation requires synthesizing from meanings , rather than word sequences , and requires understanding of the functions of intonation . in the domain of sophisticated human-machine interfaces , we can make use of the increasing tendency to design such interfaces as independent agents that themselves engage in an interactive dialogue ( both graphical and linguistic ) with their users . such agents need to maintain models of their discourses , their users , and their communicative goals . the speak ! project , which was launched recently as a cooperation between the speech research technology laboratory of the technical university of budapest and the technical university of darmstadt ( in cooperation with gmd-ipsi ) , aims at developing such an interface for a multimedia retrieval system . at ipsi , the departments komet ( natural language generation ) and mind ( information retrieval dialogues ) contribute to this project . the project is to construct a proof-of - concept prototype of a multimodal information system combining graphical and spoken language output in a variety of languages . the work involves four supporting goals : first , to advance the state of the art in the domains of speech synthesis , spoken text generation , and graphical interface design ; second , to provide enabling technology for higher functionality information systems that are more appropriate for general public use ; third , to significantly improve the public and industrial acceptance of speech synthesis in general and the hungarian text-to - speech technology elaborated within the project in particular ; and , fourth , to act as a focusing point for speech work in hungary . contact points : gmd / ipsi , darmstadt : john bateman e-mail : bateman @ gmd . de fax : + 49 / 6151-869 - 818 tel : + 49 / 6151-869 - 826 tu - budapest : g ' eza n ' emeth e-mail : nemeth @ ttt - 202 . ttt . bme . hu fax : + 36 / 1-463 - 3107 tel : + 36 / 1-463 2401
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 931,""Subject: position available : dragon systems ( speech recognition )
  
  research scientist we seek an exceptionally talented scientist to join a team that is creating breakthroughs in research on large-vocabulary conversational speech recognition and its applications . we are prepared to teach the necessary speech science to a ph . d . in physics , mathematics , computer science , or other quantitative science . this scientist must be skilled with computers ( c programming skills desired ) and interested in languages . some knowledge of spanish is preferred and native fluency would be a great asset . promising candidates will be invited to our facility in newton , massachusetts to give a half-hour research seminar on a topic of their choice and to take a programming test . we ' re an affirmative action / equal opportunity employer which recognizes the strength of a diverse workforce . about dragon systems at dragon systems , inc . , the world leader in pc - based speech recognition technology , we ' ve created an open , team-centered environment that enables our people to utilize their expertise in innovative ways . as pioneers in the field , we ' re changing the way people work . as an expanding international company , we ' re looking for motivated individuals to contribute to our drive . at dragon systems , you ' ll experience the freedom to act on your ideas and the support of talented peers . we also foster personal and professional growth through a competitive compensation and benefits package . we hope to fill this position by july 19 , 1995 . please send your resume to : director , human resources , dragon systems , inc . , 320 nevada street , newton , ma 02160 ; fax : ( 617 ) 332-9575 ; email : internet : paul @ dragonsys . com .
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 932,""Subject: corpuys ling journal .
  
  the first issue of the international journal of corpus linguistics ( ijcl ) , under the editorship of wolfgang teubert and published by john benjamins publishing company , will be published in may / june 1996 . authors interested in submitting articles are advised to contact the editor at the following address : dr . wolfgang teubert institut f . deutsche sprache postfach 10 16 21 d 68016 mannheim germany tel : + 49 . 621 . 1581 . 0 fax : + 49 . 621 . 1581 . 200 e-mail : wolfgang . teubert @ ids-mannheim . de authors interested in submitting reviews should get in touch directly with the review editor : elena tognini - bonelli 2 greenfield cottages scarfield hill alvechurch b48 7sf worcs . uk tel . & fax : + 44 . 121 . 447 . 7061 e-mail : e . bonelli @ bham . ac . uk for all other information , such as adding your name to the ijcl maillist , please contact : kees vaes john benjamins publishing co . p . o . box 75577 1070 an amsterdam the netherlands tel : + 31 . 20 . 6762325 fax : + 31 . 20 . 6739773 e-mail : kees . vaes @ benjamins . nl
 "",0
 933,""Subject: re : 6 . 1070 , disc : sex / lang , re : 1023
  
  in the ongoing discussion of the """" epicene he """" , i think that perhaps we are making some headway on certain issues , but all kinds of new loose ends keep unraveling . what seems clearly established is that the 18th century grammarians of english did not invent this usage , since ( a ) it had existed in english for centuries , and ( b ) it seems to be a linguistic universal or something close to it , not a peculiarity of english however , i do not see why anyone should call me """" misandrist """" ( or """" mysandrist """" ) . if it is because my name could easily be taken to be a woman 's name ( although i happen to be a man ) , that would really be too bad . if it is because of my acceptance of the common view that almost all or perhaps all societies are in some important sense male-dominated , then that too would be inaccurate . i also believe that for several centuries of us and brazilian and so on history white people held black slaves and not vice versa , but that does not mean i hate white people . the whole issue of the sense in which it is true that men have dominated human societies is certainly in some respects a subtle one , and one could certainly argue that this dominance has done us little if any good , but i do not see how one can deny that it is a fact . however , for the purposes at hand , this is not germane . what is relevant is ( a ) the linguistic fact that languages that make any kind of gender or sex distinction in pronouns or verb forms or anything else , as a rule use the male or masculine forms as unmarked forms for persons of either or unknown gender in some constructions ( which may differ from language to language in detail ) , and ( b ) the anthropological fact that all or nearly all human societies make social distinctions based on sex which go beyond reproduction , breast-feeding , and the like , and ( c ) the further anthropological fact that the male roles / activities are routinely perceived as somehow superior , dominant , better , normative , whatever ( regardless of whether they really are , which is a completely different issue ) . so what it all boils down to , again , is that i maintain that it makes no sense whatever to discuss the origin of the epicene he phenomenon in the context of the story of english prescriptive grammar , but only in the context of the way in which perceptions of sex roles have informed the structure of language ( as of any other institution ) . alexis manaster ramer
 "",0
 934,""Subject: kroch 's constant rate hypothesis
  
  content - length : 1953 kroch 1989 argues that syntactic change progresses at the same rate in all contexts ( using ellegard 's 1953 data on auxiliary do ) - a challenge to the notion that changes diffuse . this is obviously an important claim , and kroch 's methodology - matching theoretical syntax with ( to me ) high-level stats - also seems an important advance for historical linguistics . * however * - ogura 1993 is a direct challenge to kroch , re-using the ellegard data and the same statistical method , but claiming that the data actually shows the opposite of what kroch claims : i . e . that the change in auxiliary do use * differs * in rate between contexts . i ' m working on auxiliary do within a more variationist model , and i ' m just not up to judging who is right in this argument : can a more stats literate person help , or is there a reply by kroch i ' m not aware of ? anthony kroch , 1989 , ` reflexes of grammar in patterns of language change ' , language variation and change 1 , pp . 199-244 mieko ogura , 1993 , ` the development of periphrastic do in english ' , diachronica , x . 1 , pp 51-85 jonathan hope ( j . r . hope @ leeds . uk . ac ) school of english university of leeds uk
 "",0
 935,""Subject: bulgarian summer classes in u . s . a .
  
  content - length : 1170 a colleague is interested in where intermediate bulgarian language classes might be offered this summer . first preference would be at a location in the united states . please reply directly to me : bret parker bparker @ uop . edu university of the pacific stockton , california 209-946 - 2029
 "",0
 936,""Subject: elsnet
  
  how to get on elsnet ? thanks
 "",0
 937,""Subject: re : 6 . 1047 , sum : walloon
  
  several weeks ago i posted a passage in the local walloon of the bastogne area of belgium and asked for a translation . i had quite a number of responses , and it appears that the responders had a good time wrestling with the passage . here is the passage : > i - gn-e ` a po ^ pre ` s kinze ans du d ' ci , dj ' asto amon albe ^ rt > le ` yona ^ rd e ` t dj ' rawa ^ rdo pace k ' on m ' avot dit k ' ou profe ` sseu ^ r > do se ' mine ^ re vlot nos ve ` y po pa ^ rler do walon . dju m ' sovin co k ' > dj ' e ^ dmande ' a c , ' momint la : < < kin - a ^ dje k ' il e ` , don c , ' cure ' > la ? > > dj ' e ^ vite avou compris k ' i n ' astot nin pus cure ' k ' mi , > surtout cand dj ' l ' e ^ ve ` you avou oune be ` le djon . ne bwe ^ ce ` le ki n ' > compurdot we ^ re lu walon , me ^ s k ' astot bin de ` cide ' a l ' aprinde > avou de ` s profe ` sseu ^ rs come pierrot , come jeannot , come roger , ou > come mi , di-st - i l ' fou . > and here is the consensus translation : > > il y a a ` peu pre ` s quinze ans d ' ici , j ' e ' tais chez < < albert > le ' onard > > et j ' attendais parce qu ' on m ' avait dit qu ' un professeur du > se ' minaire voulait nous voir pour parler du wallon . je me souviens ce > que j ' ai demande ' a ` ce moment-la ` : < < quel a ^ ge a-t - il donc , ce > cure ' - la ` ? > > j ' avais vite compris qu ' il n ' e ' tais pas plus cure ' que > moi , surtout quand je l ' ai vu avec une belle jeune demoiselle qui ne > comprenait gue ` re le wallon , mais qui e ' tait bien de ' cide ' e a ` > l ' apprendre avec des professeurs comme pierrot , comme jeannot , comme > roger , ou comme moi , dit-il , le fou . > > there were some uncertainties and disagreements ; i ' ve gone with the > majority view in each case . the biggest problem was the very last > bit , which caused havoc , though the gist of it seems generally clear . > there was some disagreement as to whether it was the non-priest or the > young girl who wanted to learn walloon ; most people went for the > woman , which is what the syntax appears to say . > > the strange form < rawa ^ rdo > in the second line appears to be the same > word as french < regarder > , but i am told that , in northern dialects , > this word is widely used in the sense of ` wait , wait for , watch for ' . > another headache was the word < bwe ^ ce ` le > in line 6 . this clearly > means something like < demoiselle > , and it is possibly the same word as > french < pucelle > ` virgin , maiden ' , which is unlikely to be the sense > intended . > > i am told that speakers of walloon are now generally elderly , apart > from some younger people who are enthusiasts ( though the belgian > student i consulted here told me she had a friend who spoke walloon ) . > some younger people of limited education are also said to have a grasp > of the variety , and , engagingly , i am told that obscenities and > insults tend to persist especially well . one respondent objected to my > speaking of walloon as a dialect of french , preferring to see it as a > distinct language . > > here 's an english version : > > it 's fifteen years ago now ; i was at the """" albert leonard """" [ institute ] > and i was curious because i had been told that a teacher from the > seminary wanted to see us to talk about walloon . i still remember > what i was wondering at that moment : """" so how old is that priest ? """" i > quickly understood that he was no more a priest than i was , > particularly when i saw him with a beautiful young girl who scarcely > knew any walloon but who was determined to learn it from teachers like > pierrot , like jannot , like roger , or like me ; that 's what he said , the > fool . > > the passage was written by m . georges pasau , pre 's ident du muse ' e de > la parole au pays de bastogne ; it appeared in issue 4 ( 1994 ) of the > magazine _ singuliers _ , which is devoted to walloon . this was a > special number given over to the publication of a new dictionary of > walloon . the dictionary is michel francard ( 1994 ) , _ dictionnaire des > parlers wallons du pays de bastogne _ , brussels : deboeck / universite ' , > isbn 2-8041 - 1957 - 2 . francard is professor of romance linguistics at > the university of louvain in belgium ; his address is faculte ' des > lettres , universite ' catholique de louvain , louvain - le - nauve , belgium , > and his e-mail is francard @ frwa . ucl . ac . be . i have n't consulted him > yet , but plan to do so . the orthography used here for walloon was , i > believe , invented by francard specifically for the dictionary . the > dictionary contains some nice dialect maps and some linguistic > information about walloon . > > my thanks to jean - francois carrasco , richard coates , jean - francois > delannoy , roger feron , frederik fouvry , vincent granville , ted > harding , yolande meessen , philippe mennecier , bernd moebius ( and his > mother ! ) , joseph reisdoerfer , thierry j . van steenberghe , guido vanden > wyngaerd , and max wheeler . > > > larry trask > cogs > university of sussex > brighton bn1 9qh > england > > larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk >
 "",0
 938,""Subject: chess - endgame ( fwd )
  
  thanks to everyone who responded concerning the names for chess . apparently both are acceptable . for the royal game i found a reference in the britanica , and sara friedman cited another one from stefan zweig . for the game of kings there were also literary references , and wide familiarity , so this usage is correct as well . uri bruck bruck @ actcom . co . il
 "",0
 939,""Subject: re : 6 . 1071 , disc : he / she
  
  paul foulkes paul . foulkes @ newcastle . ac . uk writes : < < < h-initial forms of the feminine pronoun are alive - if not necessarily very well - in various parts of britain , if not elsewhere . at a guess these are usually restricted to rural areas . conservative speakers in parts of derbyshire , for example , retain a form typically written as ' her ' ( and which , naturally , is normally regarded as misuse of the possessive pronoun ) . dialect maps ( eg by orton ) often deal with these pronouns . > > > replies thanks for the interest . my search through the 17 dialects of piers plowman is justly criticized for being too constrained a sampling , nonetheless the manuscripts show great varieties within and between dialects . the h-stems ( feminine singular and the three plurals ) exist alongside the newer forms ( she , they , them , their ) . the h-stem for """" they """" is least likely to occur . a dual system of pronouns is seen across these manuscripts - - the old pronouns and the new . i plan to discuss the """" ' em """" phenomenon , and perhaps a little """" ' er """" and """" ' ey """" , as h-less survivals in stressless positions . the following , sent to me , is a nice statement of what you ' re saying regarding the survival of the h-stem feminine : < < < you might be interested to = know that the [ h - ] forms still survive in modern traditional dialect = ( or at least they were holding their own in the 1950s and early 60 's = at the time of the survey of english dialects ) - but [ h - ] dropping in = the areas concerned has left them with no [ h ] . this is a ' n - w = midland ' area , comprising cheshire , n . derbyshire , most of lancashire = and s - w yorkshire . some believe that the her subject forms of the s - w = midlands and s - w derive from oe [ h - ] nominative rather than the = modern objective / oblique form . there 's a paper on this . p . duncan , = ' forms of the feminine pronoun in modern english dialects ' in m . = wakelin ( ed . ) , patterns in the folk speech of the british isles = ( london , 1972 ) , 182-200 . > > > here are two notes on historical usage : 1 ) the neuter singular shared the masculne singular """" he """" form ( see oed , < neuter > , 1755 : """" he and his having formerly been applied to neuters in the place now supplied by it and its """" , johnson 's grammar . 2 ) in the 16th and 17th centuries , """" it also occurs when he , she or that would now be preferred """" ( oed < it > = 86d . ) . the french _ c ' est _ construction seems to have influenced the english grammar . a curious result of examining different lines across the manuscripts of piers is that the """" proverbial he """" sometimes can be seen to have feminine morphology . i have posted examples to linguistic . the explanation for this phenomenon can be understood by following the evolution from an older english pronoun paradigm to a modern one , from one in which the feminine was associated with the all-genders plural and the masculine associated with the singular and neuter .
 "",0
 940,""Subject: japanese specialist needed
  
  the linguistics research department at at&t bell laboratories is seeking a native or near-native speaker of japanese to work as a consultant in the development of a text-analysis module for a japanese text-to - speech synthesizer . the candidate should have a good background in linguistics , with a knowledge of computational linguistics being especially desirable . the candidate should also have a good ( explicit ) knowledge of japanese word-structure , phonology and intonation . applicants should be current graduate students or recent phds / mas . the duration of the project is somewhat open-ended but will probably amount to 200 days over the next few months . the starting time is also somewhat flexible , though we would like to start as soon as possible . consultant fees are negotiable . please send inquiries , cvs , etc . , preferably by email , to me at the address below . - richard sproat linguistics research department at&t bell laboratories | tel ( 908 ) 582-5296 600 mountain avenue , room 2d - 451 | fax ( 908 ) 582-7308 murray hill , nj 07974 , usa | rws @ research . att . com
 "",0
 941,""Subject: uniformitarianism
  
  in response to the request for info on this topic , uniformitarianism as i understand it is the doctrine , which appears to have originated in geology , that assumes that the same laws apply to various processes ( originally , geological , then biological , but also social and linguistic ) in all time periods , thus allowing in particular reconstruction of various aspects of prehistory . i first read of it in some the essays of stephen j . gould , for whom this is a favorite theme . a useful source esp . for us linguists is the collection of articles language and earth , ed . by bernd naumann et al . , 1992 , amsterdam / philadelphia : john benjamins , although many potential readers will be turned off bu the fact that several important contributions are in german , which all too few scholars read any more . the index to this work lists many many references to uniformitarianism in different chapters . although i have not read any , i would think there would be books on charles lyell , who is supposed to have fathered modern geology , which would deal with this topic at length . alexis manaster ramer
 "",0
 942,""Subject: re : 6 . 1078 , re : 1053 , english only ( bilingualism )
  
  i am writing to ask alexis manaster ramer a simple question concerning the universality of certain phenomena : how come about a hundred languages are spoken in present-day russia despite the attempts to russify everyone ? this linguist seems to be very active , yet unfortunately he tends to generalize the information he is aware of , judging by his contribution to the discussion on he / she pronouns and his remarks concerning russian linguistic policies . i would like to tell him of a common example concerning various ethnicities in russia : in 1553 czar ivan the dreadful incorporated the mari , mordvin ( finnic ) , chuvash and tatars ( turkic ) nationalities into his state . nowadays these peoples live in the very heart of russia on the middle volga , and , apparently , enjoy their culture and languages . they have also contributed to the culture and language of the dominant nation . the infamous cossacks ( farmers living on the borders of the state and ready to resort to arms to protect them , a sort of michigan militia ) have preserved their language while acquiring a lot of culture from , say , mountaineers of the caucausus . yet they did not assimilate those peoples who still speak their languages . to draw parallels between nostratic universal processes and the language policies of russia might hardly be considered an appropriate example . it would rather be the opposite of the desired . valeri vassiliev st . john 's
 "",0
 943,""Subject: sex bias and epicenes
  
  h . stephen straight is right to mention the importance of the essentially psychological evidence in favor of the idea that epicene he biases perceptions in favor male interpretations . there are considerable number of studies of this effect and a few attempts at interpretation as to how it comes about . essentially , the studies take two tacks . one model involves an interpretation task of some kind in which subjects are induced to provide some form of evidence of male or female interpretation of the referent of some generic epicene . the independent variable was the pronoun coreferent to epicene antecedents in invented sentences presented to subjects . subjects give names to characters , draw pictures , or say directly whether a character is male or female , etc . this type began back in 1970 , with an almost impossible to locate study by kidd . the most famous version was probably martyna 's ( 1978 , 1980 ) work and the latest version i am aware of was an experiment by gastil in 1990 . also , there were experiments by kosrohshahi in 1989 , moulton , robins , & elias in 1978 , and switzer in 1990 . the other type involves production tasks in which subjects selected a coreferential pronoun to complete sentences with antecedents refering generic epicene referents . here the independent variable was the degree of sex-stereotypicality of the generic referent ( e . g . marine vs . teenager vs . nurse ) . this type of study was inaugurated by martyna ( 1978 , 1980 ) . it was also used by gastil . in almost all studies uses of he strongly correlat with male interpretations of the referent . my own naturalistic data shows the same result with referents like ' lumberjack ' and ' particpants in congressional sex scandal ' used more with he than say ' child , ' or ' teacher . ' there are others along both lines , which will be supplied upon request . as for explanations , the most interesting ones for someone ( like me ) who tends to be skeptical of pernicious influences of grammar on other aspects of cognition ( please let 's not start that one again ) are by mcconnell - ginet in a number of articles ( e . g . 1988 ) and moulton back in 1977 . moulton eschews notions of markedness and instead compares it to the kleenex effect whereby the identity of a prestigious subset is assumed by the superordinate category , with the result that people tend to think of the subset as more prototypical . so kleenex are most prototypical paper tissues , sanka is the prototypical decaf coffee ( in the us ) , and so on . note that this involves cognitive interaction with lexical semantics ; there is nothing morphosyntactic going on here . refs : ( i ' ll put full names whenever i remember ; i do n't want to look up all the arts . ) gastil , john ( 1990 ) """" generic pronouns and sexist language sex roles , 23 629-643 kidd , v . ( 1970 ) a study of images produced through the use of male pronouns as the generic moments in contemporary rhetoric and communications , 1 25-30 khosroshahi , f ( atima ? ) ( 1989 ) penguins do n't care , but women do language in society , 18 , 505-525 martyna , wendy ( 1978 ) what does he mean ? j . of communication , 28 131-138 . martyna , wendy ( 1980 ) the psychology of the generic masculine in r . borker and n . ferman women and language in literature and society mcconnell - ginet , sally ( 1988 ) language and gender in frederick newmayer linguistics the cambride survey vol . iv moulton , janice ( 1977 ) the myth of the neutral man . in m . vetterling - braggan , j . elliston , & j . english feminism and philosophy moulton , janice , robinson , m . and cheris , e . ( 1978 ) psychology in action : sex bias in language use """" american psychologist , 33 , 1032-1036 switzer , j . ( 1990 ) the impact of generic word choices sex roles 22 , 69-82 michael newman dept . of educational theory & practice the ohio state university mnewman @ magnus . acs . ohio-state . edu
 "",0
 944,""Subject: disc : sex / lang , re : 1079
  
  h . stephen straight writes : < < < in our focus on the epicene pronoun that doubles as the masculine pronoun , and the generic noun ( e . g . man ) that doubles as the masculine form , we sometimes let logic , and the theory of markedness , overwhelm psychology . the evidence , i believe , strongly supports the claim that even in clearly non-specific contexts these items trigger masculine prototypes in receivers . > > > i agree with this generally for the present state of standard english . but the """" triggering """" , to some very important degree , is in the mind of the historical beholder . right ? the ' psychology """" part i disagree with because of its unspecified universal implications , perhaps better : """" overwhelm semantics """" . most people , except gender separatists , would be particularly untriggered to a masculine reference to words such as """" sportsmanship """" and """" penmanship """" . i liked the construction of one of the first lady 's publicist who said of her , """" she is her own best salesman """" . """" man """" and """" he / his / him """" have differing semantic domains over time . in middle english """" he was a fair wife """" , """" two men were made for the garden """" , etc . if in the modern mind these constructions trigger male associations , it might make all the more necessary the study of historical change . in my middle english work with pronouns , some contexts can be found where """" he that . . . """" in proverbial use , with sometimes-plural verbs , has the weight of proverbial """" they who """" , and is related morpholgically to the feminine , not the masculine . a radical idea i wish someone would challenge me on . also , """" him """" and """" his """" were not only masculine , they were also neuter - - """" neither one or the other """" . to understand the modern paradigm , we have to study the history it grew out of , including the protogermanic and ie paradigms . i wonder if h . stephen straight has read my comments and quotations on """" the mark """" in recent discussion . all of us , men and women alike , can be described in some capacities as """" generic people """" . is n't this what we mean by """" society """" ? one veiw of the half-glass sees that we , as generic people , desire to give females preferential treatment , and have distinct words for those of us who are female ( she , women ) , but parallel words for males are , lacking , are tautonyms . we , those of us who are male , are relegated to use a word also used for everybody else . """" masculine """" is only sex-distinct in contrastive position with the """" feminine """" . the reason for generic pronouns doubling with the masculine is because men are , in our """" psychology """" thought of more frequently as generic people . females have long been accorded special priviledges in western society - - we do n't execute murderesses , we create conditions for those of us who are women to live 10 % longer than men , we exclude them from the military draft , old women commit suicide at a rate less than 1 / 12th that of old men , etc . that is not to say that everybody does n't have it rough once in a while . men do not externalize their victimization to a metaphorical """" daddy """" . i personally think that women should go on being afforded special status and privileges in language and society . the turning wine to venom these passed decades has shown the dark side of our society . the writer says < < < """" every one of the members of the boys and girls club loves his parents . """" """" the cultures of the world provide ample testimony on the extent of man 's capacity to adapt to different environments . """" no matter that the situations logically embrace both sexes ( and all genders : - ) , the damage is done . > > > it is the """" logic """" of an intuitive sort , and is not based in boolean and identity operations of the human mind . the """" logic """" is no more than a rule-base in the configuration of gender / case / number of the modern pronoun paradigm . use of the word """" logic """" by many of us who discuss language is off the mark . i use """" everyone . . . their """" , and wonder about the linguistic timidity that holds others of us back . damage ? does this mean exclusion from semantic space : - ) the writer continues , < < < yucatec maya , by the way , has no grammatical gender and , to the best of my knowledge , exhibits no morphological or semantic tendency toward treating either sex as the unmarked member of the pair . h stephen straight , anthro / ling / lgs across the curric , binghamton u ( suny ) box 6000 , binghamton ny 13902-6000 tel : 607-777 - 2824 fax : 607-777 - 2889 > > > this seems counter to the idea that says universal male cultural dominance is seen in male dominance in language constructions - - that alexis manaster ramer postules in slightly more qualified form . it sure would be nice to have other examples , pro and con , from around the world . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lydie meunier writes < < < question raised in answer to alexis manaster ramer who writes : > so what it all boils down to , again , is that i maintain that > it makes no sense whatever to discuss the origin of the > epicene he phenomenon in the context of the story of > english prescriptive grammar , but only in the context of > the way in which perceptions of sex roles have informed > the structure of language ( as of any other institution ) . have perceptions of sex roles informed us on the structure of language , or does the structure of language enlighten us on socially acquired yet still subconscious sexist behavior of today 's homo sapiens ? lydie e . meunier / department of languages university of tulsa / tel : 918 631 2813 ( o ) lang _ lem @ centum . utulsa . edu / fax : 918 744 1902 > > > the """" contructivist """" view of sexuality is widely held in academia , but the view has the hauteur of an """" in """" religious tenet , and has no well-reasoned position , and only endures because its opposite can't """" really """" be """" proved """" . the only proof-evidence i have ever seen consists of some embarrasingly poor analogies with animal behavior . where 's the good evidence ? i ' ll post sometime soon the interesting things - - in support of my side - - that jane goodall has to say about sex roles and chimps . the """" constructivist """" view of sexuality goes back to the 1960s - - ( to kate millet in chapter 2 of her famous book ? ) when those of us who were differentially sexed - - like millet later affirmed to herself be - - became preoccupied , and still are , with passive and active sex-related roles . the constructivist view is a spoiler-view assault on traditional morality .
 "",0
 945,""Subject: words that are their own opposites ( part 2 )
  
  in my last summary ( linguist 6 . 74 ) i listed a collection of what i call auto-antonyms - - words that have two opposite meanings . for example , to """" clip """" may mean to cut a little piece off , or to put a little piece on . to """" look over """" may mean careful scrutiny or that you missed an important detail . sometimes the antonymy may be historical : """" nice """" used to denote an unpleasant quality . in that summary , i promised a discussion of whether any generalities could be made about such pairs . are they regularly motivated , or always a coincidence ? i ' m still editing the responses to that question . meanwhile , here are more auto-antonyms that got left out of last post : one auto-antonym that i seem to have overlooked in preparing my post , although i remember looking it over many times before , is """" moot """" , which at once means """" suitable for debate """" and """" not worth discussing """" . impregnable : able to impregnated or inable to be pregnated , as joel hoffman points out . cope ( s ) mate : used to mean antagonist and now means partner or comerade , says ariadna solovyova , who got the word off of anu garg 's a . word . a . day mailing list . it turns out that they were having a week celebrating """" fence-setters """" , evidently another term for what i ' ve been calling auto-antonyms . bruce nevin reminds us of an intercontinental auto-antonym pair : """" public school """" in britain is """" private school """" in the usa and vice versa . infer : historically ( and now , informally ) this means """" imply """" as well . rent , lease : several pointed out to me that these means both lend and borrow . in addition , dan myers wrote to tell me that chinese operates similarly with respect to this pair , and wolfgang lipp notes a similar auto-antonymy to represent """" give """" and """" take """" in pronunciation ( shou4 ) but not in writing . learn / teach : in """" sub """" - standard english , these two meanings fuse into """" learn """" , as they do in standard russian """" uchit ' """" here are some of my personal favorites that i left out of the first summary : sensitive : this may describe either someone with profound understanding for the feelings of others , and tolerates differences of opinion ( thus """" sensitivity training """" for group leaders ) as well as a paranoid who does n't listen to what people are really saying , and decides to take everything as a personal insult . hole / whole : spelled the first way , an entire absence of matter ; the second , entire presence . this reminds me of """" pit """" which can be either a hollow or the stone of a fruit . which reminds me of """" seeded """" oranges ( insert your favorite fuit here ) - - oranges with seeds ( as opposed to navel oranges , which have no seeds ) , or oranges that have had their seeds removed . if you think you ' re beginning to see some patterns here , you ' re not alone ! as i said , i ' ve received a few theories on the ultimate essence of auto-antonymy , historical , psychological , and sociological approaches . these theories show that auto-antonymy comes about for a variety of reasons . in a short while , i ' m going to put up a summary of these theories . then , i ' ll briefly cover related linguistic phenomena , such as words with synonyms that look suspiciously like antonyms : flammable / inflammable , ravel / unravel . oh , and by the way , it turns out i was not the first to come up with the term """" auto-antonym . """" dennis baron informs me that he used the term """" autoantonymy """" on page 73 of his 1989 book / declining grammar and other essays on the english vocabulary / . - - alex eulenberg ( aeulenbe @ indiana . edu ) - - indiana university
 "",0
 946,""Subject: disc . sex and language
  
  dear subscribers : to help in discussing """" sex and language """" , i would like some feedback on were ( if anyplace at all ) we should impose limits on words and ideas - - ie , impose on ourselves benign self-censorship . that talking """" about """" taboo words and ideas is different from using them in their colloquial variations is a simple distinction . i have always felt that academia has been dishonest for lack of forthrightness in dealing with socio / psycho / sexual matters . are there any topics that we can not talk about , and because we can not talk about them , you are unable to say what they are ? should , for example """" jerk """" or """" female """" be exluded because some of us might be offended , others potentially tittilated , by the ultimate body part references in their historical etymologies ? please help , what are the limits of language in this forum in the discussion of """" sex and language """" . what do you think should be and not be off limits ? what part does political correctness play ?
 "",0
 947,""Subject: re : 6 . 1083 , disc : sex / lang , re : 1079 , 1080
  
  alexis mr writes : > lydie meunier seems to be asking which comes first , sexist language > or sexist behavior . but there is surely a third alternative , that > language and behavior evolve together , reinforcing each other . > it is also important to distinguish the question of how some form > of language or behavior arose in the first place from that of how > it is transmitted to successive generations . i would have little > doubt that sexist language plays a major role in transmitting > ideas which lead to sexist behavior , but it is difficult for me > to believe that historically sexist language came before sexist > behavior . you ' re probably right ! historically , sexist behavior probably came before sexist language . yet , today we are born in a society already in place , and sexist language is likely to influence a child 's mind and lead to a sexist behavior . are we born with a sexist attitude ? i do believe that many traditions ( sexism being one of them ) and perspectives are partially conveyed through language . however , like you , i tend to believe that language and behavior evolve together . i do believe that historically today 's sexist interactive patterns are influenced - - among other factors - - by sociolinguistic practices during biblical times when a wife had to address her husband as slaves had to address their master , or subjects their king . this implied that a man could also address his wife as a master his slave and a king his subject , i . e . , using a clear rhetoric of authority . today , conversational dominance by males in our judeo-christian society is not as extreme as during the biblical times , but interestingly it is still inherent to male-specific discourse and has become the focus of some interesting sociolinguistic research . as a matter of fact , i moved to the bible belt one year ago ( i spent 10 years on the east and west coasts in the us prior to my arrival in the bible belt last year ; originally i come from europe ) , and after observations of interractive patterns among couples around me , i came to the hypothesis that the stronger a religious ( or traditional ) impact on people 's life , the more sex discrimination is reflected in language use . i have also noticed much more instances of sex discrimination in language use in offices i had to go to in the bible belt ( e . g . doctor and lawyer offices , insurance agencies , etc . ) than in other professional offices i visited elsewhere in the u . s . i found this extremely interesting . > ( a ) i do believe that people in all kinds of cultures themselves > believe that men and male behavior are superior in some sense to > women and female behavior , and i hold that this perception ( even if > it were not accurate ) is what must matter to us as we discuss > sexist language . whether the perception is accurate is of no importance > in this context . why should it be of no importance ? shall we just accept the discriminatory status quo as it is ? what is the point of studying linguistics if it is for no other purpose than the pleasure of intellectual analysis ? shall we just remain at the analytical level and ignore the implications revealed by research , or could we also use research findings to help improve communication or even change subsconsciously ( socially ) acquired schemata ? studies in psychology have shown that females reading texts written in a generic """" he """" retain less information than when they read texts using a generic plural . obviously , the impact of using a sexist language goes beyond the simple interest of linguistic studies within a certain context . personally , i like to believe that my research will somewhat help society at large . what is the point of considering discriminatory perspectives as unchangeable or questionable facts whereas we all know that both languages and human psychology have the potential to change ? > ( b ) i do not make any necessary connection between oppression of > womn and oppression of black people at all . i simply used the > example of black slavery as an example of the general principle that > to admit the existence of a form of oppression practiced by some > group ( by white people ) does not mean that one must necessarily > hate them . my point was that i am not a mysandrist just because > i accept that men have historically not been very nice to women . you are absolutely right ! hate does not help any purpose nor does it improve communication . yet , black people needed the cooperation of open-minded white people to help them reach a status based on the principle of equality . the same applies to females who keep trying to communicate with males , and who meet open and understanding men whereas others still believe that sexism is a nonsense political issue brought up by angry feminists . before being a political issue , it is a serious social issue that needs to be addressed through mutual understanding and respect . if males refuse their cooperation , some females may end up hating men as a natural psychological reaction . simone de beauvoir wrote in her book the second sex that there is no black problem yet a white problem ( referring the civil right movement in the us in the 50 's 60 's ) , because so called black issues essentially stem from the whites ' disciminatory attitudes . black problems can be addressed by first revealing the problem of racism , and then by educating people to open their mind to differences as an enriching asset to the society , not a sign of deficiency . likewise , women issues are primarily men issues , because we are still living in a world which has been historically organized by men who believed in female inferiority , whether politically , socially or linguistically . communication between men and women is therefore the key to social improvement , hence the social mission of our research in linguistics , considering that language use is a social phenomenon . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * je pense donc je baragouine . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * lydie e . meunier / department of languages university of tulsa / tel : 918 631 2813 ( o ) lang _ lem @ centum . utulsa . edu / fax : 918 744 1902 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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 948,""Subject: re : 6 . 1086 , disc : uniformitarianism , re : 1080
  
  omitted from alexis 's summary on uniformitatrianism is the note that it was promulgated , or at least popularized , about 1800 by the geologist charles lyell ; it was necessary as a counter to the """" catastrophism """" that explained observable geological phenomena in a way consisten t with the ibiblical cacccount of creation . lyell was enormously influential on darwin , who took the book with him on the beagle in the latge 1830s and formulated his first important explanations , e . g . of the formation of coral atolls , in uniformitarian rather tan catastrophistic terms .
 "",0
 949,""Subject: re : 6 . 1088 , disc : sex / lang , re : 1079
  
  in response to michael newman ( to whom i am very grateful for the references ) , i think that there are two separate issues , are n't there : one is the one he illuminates so well for modern english , namely , the fact that the epicene he biases perceptions in favor of male inter - pretations ; the other is that , even if that were not the case , there would still be something very suspicious about the mere fact that male / masc . pronouns and agreement are used so widely in languages of the world for the epicene . i am not even sure that we can show that the two are related . i would guess that in languages that truly lack gender , one would still find some of the same perceptual biases ( although i am only guessing ) . alexis manaster ramer
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 950,""Subject: phonemicity of writing
  
  i would like to get some estimate of what percentage of the world 's written languages are represented orthographically in a phonemic manner . more specifically , how many written languages are such that one can predict the phonological properties of a word - - - including stress , accent or tone - - - merely by consulting the string of symbols used to write that word , and without further information , such as the morphological structure of the word ? for a language whose writing system is largely phonemic , one could write down a set of rules for word pronunciation , and in the ideal case the number of rules would be within an order of magnitude of the number of graphemes . ( a few lexical exceptions do n't matter , as long as there are n't hundreds of them . ) i am leaving the sense of ` phoneme ' intentionally vague : normally a phonemic written representation implies that one can predict the surface phonemic representation from the written form of the word , but i would be perfectly happy considering a system to be phonemic if some more abstract level of phonological representation were represented , from which the surface phonemic representation could be predicted by regular phonological rules / principles . ( i should also note , to clarify the question further , that i am interested primarily in the correspondence between the written form and the spoken form for the the standard variet ( y , ies ) of the language , which the written form presumably reflects to some degree : i am not interested ( at the moment ) in dialects of the language which deviate to varying degrees from the standard . ) so , under this definition , spanish would presumably count as very phonemic since one can nearly always predict the pronunciation of a word , including its stress , from the orthography . romanian is less phonemic since while the actual set of phonemes in a word is mostly determinable by the set of graphemes used ( with the representation of glides being slight source of complication ) , the placement of stress requires some knowledge of the morphological class of the word ( following work of ioana chitoran ) . english is presumably among the least phonemic , since the ` regular rules ' of pronunciation are themselves quite complex , and there are many lexical exceptions . the particular classification of the writing system as logographic , moraic or segmental is unimportant : in principle chinese writing could be classed as phonemic ( albeit with a rather large set of graphemes ) , but for the fact that especially among the more common characters there are quite a few with pronunciation ambiguities which can only be resolved using lexical information . i am familiar with several of the recent books on writing systems : but while these typically contain in-depth analyses of particular systems , as far as i can tell , nobody has done a survey of this kind . ( if on the contrary , someone can point me to a survey that answers this question , i would be most grateful . ) so , i would be very interested in getting as much information related to this question on as many languages as people are sufficiently familiar with . i think i already know the answer to these questions for the more familiar western european languages ( including some less familiar ones like irish and welsh ) , as well as romanian , russian , hebrew , arabic , chinese , japanese and malagasy . i would be particularly interested in knowing about languages for which writing systems have only recently been developed , or for which the spelling system has recently undergone a massive restructuring : conventional wisdom has it that in such cases the writing system should be very phonemic , but perhaps that is not always true . please send any replies to me , and if there are a sufficient number i will post the results of this survey to the list . - richard sproat linguistics research department at&t bell laboratories | tel ( 908 ) 582-5296 600 mountain avenue , room 2d - 451 | fax ( 908 ) 582-7308 murray hill , nj 07974 , usa | rws @ research . att . com
 "",0
 951,""Subject: the other side of * galicismos *
  
  * galicismo * is a spanish term which names the improper introduction of french words which are spanish sounding and thus very deceptive to the ear . * galicismo * is often considered to be a * barbarismo * . what would be the term which designates the opposite phenomenon , that is unlawful words of spanish origin which may have crept into french ? can someone provide examples ? thank you joseph m kozono < kozonoj @ gunet . georgetown . edu >
 "",0
 952,""Subject: re : grammar / syntax courses at the college freshman / sophomore level
  
  i would like to hear from people who teach or know of grammar or syntax courses offered at the college freshman or sophomore level . we teach such a course at north seattle community college . it concentrates on syntax and teaches a formal , traditional approach to it . we even use reed - kellog diagrams rather than phrase structure trees . another piece of the course applies the syntax to the improvement of writing . in that part of the course we use sentence combining . the course was created here by my colleague , edith wollin , and i know that , in its present form , it is probably unique . it should be taught elsewhere , for it is very successful . students praise it and recommend it to other sdtudernts . they even say it makes them better readers ! we present the material at a level and pace that would make it too challenging for many developmental-level students . the course is certainly as rigorous as sany other 100 - level and 200 - level course in most colleges ; indeed , we think it rivals many higher-level courses in usefulness . but we are aware that it does not present the broad linguistics-based grammar covered in the typical 300 - level grammar course . one professor of such a course at the university of washington told me our course sounds like excellent preparation for his . he said he would love to get students who already know what a clause is . i would be grateful to hear from colleagues who know of any kind of grammmar or syntax course at the freshman or sophomore level . thanks . michael kischner north seattle community college seattle , wa 98103 ( 206 ) 528-4540
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 953,""Subject: english as an isolating lang .
  
  dear collegues , sometimes i ' ve heard that english is becoming more the isolating language from the inflecting one typologically . i would like to know the discussion aboout the phenomena or actual evidences to explain this argument . so , could you please give some knowledge or any literature about this topic ? i will post a summary . thank you very much . - hideo fujii computer science department university of massachusetts at amherst
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 954,""Subject: re : 6 . 1094 , qs : phonemicity of writing
  
  this is stimulated by richard sproat 's query about """" phonemic """" orthog - raphy , but presents an opportunity for a bibliographical notice . to answer the question directly , the number of languages with a """" phonemic """" orthography approaches zero . once in a while a spelling reform is imposed ( e . g . in czech or dutch - - though since the dutch seem to keep doing it , they apparently do n't get it right ) , and for a generation or two , orthography might be as regular as the language planners intended . but language changes , spelling does n't , so orthography soon diverges from pronunciation . very troubling is the use of the term """" grapheme """" as if it had a meaning - whereas """" phoneme """" is apologized for ! please see my article in 18th lacus forum ( 1991 ) with subsequent deiscussion in 21st lacus forum ( 1994 ) . a survey along the lines of what r . sproat requests will be avbailable toward the end of the year , when the world 's writing systems , edited by me and william bright , will be published by osxford university press . the focus is on how the writing systems of the world encode the phonolo - gies of the major languages that use them . members of the lsa received a mailing about the book , which offered a prepublication discount price of $ 100 , available until 31 august . i urge you to take advantage of it ! i have known for about a week that the book has 894 pages plus front matter and index , so the price is pretty reason - able , as such thinkgs go . ( regular price is currently set at $ 125 . )
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 955,""Subject: disc . sex / lang
  
  a few remarks in the discussion , and comments on / to newman , meunier the widespread """" constructivist """" concept of personality and sex roles / language is seriously injured by what jane goodall has to say below . is my interpretation wrong that the preoccupation in feminist studies with sex roles / language , and the diffusion of that preoccupation into other corridors of the university , began as an assault on """" normativity """" , i . e . , knee-jerk heteropartnershipping in the late 1960s ? we are attracted to the opposite sex only because society teaches this to us . thumbs up to tolerance , real diversity , and curing the real ills of society by needs of the individual not the group ; thumbs down to intuitive scholarship , academic shamanism , and prescriptive grammas jane goodall , through a window , houghton mifflin company , boston , 1990 . """" my thirty years with the chimpanzees of gombe . """" ( p 118 ) one of the most important milestones in the life of a young male is when he begins to travel away from his mother with other members of the community . the severing of apron strings is far more necessary for a young male than a young female . she can learn most of what she needs to know for a successful adult life whilst remaining in her family setting . not only can she watch her mother and her mother 's friends caring for their infants , but she can actually handle them herself , gaining much of the experience which she will need later when she has a baby of her own . and she can learn , during her mother 's ` pink days ' , a good deal about sex and the demands that will subsequently be made of her in that sphere . the young male has different things to learn . there are some aspects of community life that are primarily , though not entirely , male responsibilities = adsuch as patrolling , repelling intruders , searching out distant food sources , and some kinds of hunting . he cannot gain adequate experience in such matters if he remains with his mother . he must leave her and spend time with the males . = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d michael newman provides some welcome references in the literature that provide data more specific for what we all know generally , that some terms are semantically marked for gender - - marine , lumberjack , nurse . regarding """" he """" - - it has biases for masculine interpretation - - no doubt about that for the current state of the language . in centuries before modern english , and into the modern english era , """" he """" was also a feminine pronoun . michael newman is """" skeptical of pernicious influences of grammar on ot her aspects of cognition """" , whereas lydie meunier says """" """" studies in psychology have shown that females reading texts written in a generic-he retain less information than when they read texts using a generic plural """" . newman goes on to express accord with moulton 's """" kleenex effect whereby the identity of a prestigious subset is assumed by the superordinated category , with the result that people tend to think of the subset as more prototypical """" . this sounds like individual-for - the-class synechdoche . i do not think that the """" prestigious subset """" sufficiently describes he / man phenomena , does not hit the mark head on , because it assumes man is to woman under """" man """" , as kleenex is to puffs under """" kleenex """" . i think my use of the term """" tautonym """" focuses a little sharper on the genus-species aspect . the difference between coke and pepsi is more like the difference between joe and john , and of a different order than that between boys and girls . i am suggesting another way to see the generic phenomenon - - in part supported by what i quoted in detail from jakobson a few posts back : a man is a living generic person , only made distinctive for sex in contrast / juxtapostion with woman . generic he / man in language describes generic he / man in-the - flesh - - as unmarked for sex . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - to lydie meunier : i am glad to know that someone on linguistic has expertise in sociolinguistic practices during biblical times . could you provide some chapters and verses about the more-or - less slavery of wives to their husbands ? it 's true there are all kinds of depravities in the bible , in f = act joshua was quite an ethnic cleanser himself . do you know if there is anything in the bible about how wives of slaves were treated , as they wou = ld be """" double-slaves """" ? finally , you use the word """" sexism """" , so popular in our = common cultural vocabulary , but , aside from it being a political slogan , = how could we most appropriately define it in its non-political slogan sense , = as you use it ? = jeff weber =
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 956,""Subject: sum : ' because ' versus 's ince / as ' ( 6 . 1043 )
  
  i would like to thank the following persons very much for their judgements , comments and various hints concerning my query : marie egan , duncan macgregor , richard ingham , james kirchner , kevin lemoine , david powers , karen ward , yael ziv and especially karen stanley , who took a poll about my claims among her colleagues ( a big thank-you to them too ) . > from the mail i have received by now , the following picture emerges : including the people interviewed by k . stanley , 7 do not agree with my distinction and 5 do agree more or less . some informants suggest other distinctions between the conjunctions : for one , 's ince ' and ' as ' are more formal than ' because ' ( a view which is also presented in some dictionaries and grammars ) , for another , ' as ' is more formal than ' because ' but 's ince ' is """" only suitable for informal conversation but nor for writing """" . the latter judgement seems to be in conformity with a prescriptivist view according to which 's ince ' as a causal conjunction is not to be used at all . ( i want to note that i have identified 209 ( = 13 % ) causal since-clauses among 1576 causal as - , because - , for - and since-clauses in the machine readable british - english lob - corpus ( written texts from 1961 ) . most of these since-clauses are to be found in the category called ' learned and scientific writing ' . ) another informant , for whom my example sentence ( 1 ) is essentially synonymous with either conjunction , has the impression that the speaker of ( 1 ) using ' because ' """" feels john 's admission more noteworthy , or more important to the narrative , than he or she would if 's ince ' or ' as ' were used . """" into the same direction , i assume , goes another judgement according to which ' because ' is """" stronger and more explicit and more exceptional . """" ( i have found a similar view in the literature and have interpreted it as a consequence of my differentiation : entailment on the basis of a rule or norm is intrinsically less noteworthy , less exceptional than ' real ' causation . ) some people have pointed out the relevance of the position of the causal clause . as a tendency , my rule / norm interpretation is considered to be more in accordance with the causal clause ( be it 's ince / as ' or ' because ' ) preceding its main / matrix clause . however , one informant feels """" more comfortable with since clauses preceding , and because clauses following , the main clause . """" ( this impression is somehow in conformity with the statistical situation in the above mentioned lob - corpus : only about 9 % of the because-clauses are preposed , whereas 41 % of the since-clauses and 43 % of the as-clauses are preposed there . ) one informant pointed out constraints which may affect the acceptability of 's ince ' as a causal conjunction : """" 's ince ' seems to have a much more limited application . for me there is a tense / aspect / ? ? ? constraint between the clauses ( consistent with the temporal meaning it also has ? ? ) , otherwise it sounds forced or stilted . i do n't really like your sentence ( 1 ) with 's ince ' . reversing the clauses makes it more acceptable to me , as does changing ' was ' to ' is ' ( strange ! ) . conversely , changing ' has been ' to ' was ' makes the 's ince ' version even less acceptable to me . """" ( probably , the last point in this quotation is caused by the fact that replacement of ' was ' by ' has been ' makes the sentence grammatically acceptable with a temporal interpretation of the since-clause . ) do i have to conclude from the ' empirical ' outcome of my query that my differentiation is not tenable ? for various reasons ( which i hope to develop convincingly in a doctoral dissertation to be submitted soon ) , i do not think so . are there , perhaps , some more people ' out there ' who agree with my claims , but who refrain from simply stating ' i agree ' ? of course , this would not make my query statistically more valid , but it would suggest that there is some plausibility to my non-empirical reasons . carsten breul e-mail : carsten . breul @ rz . ruhr-uni - bochum . de
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 957,""Subject: job offering
  
  job openings in spoken language application development unisys corporation paoli , pennsylvania we are looking for developers who will work on applications in the area of spoken language understanding systems . candidates should have a master 's or ph . d . degree in linguistics or computer science , be competent in the prolog programming language , and have some background in computational linguistics and artificial intelligence . experience in one or more of the following areas is desirable : linguistic analysis ( particularly syntax and semantics ) expert systems user interfaces / human factors speech recognition in-depth knowledge of languages other than english developers will extend existing natural language understanding software to work in a wide variety of new applications , including adding new vocabulary , extending the grammar , and creating new interfaces between the natural language system and existing software systems . contact : debbie dahl unisys east coast development center ms e140 - 4 2476 swedesford rd . paoli , pa 19301 dahl @ tr . unisys . com
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 958,""Subject: sum : imperatives without you subjects
  
  content - length : 3573 summary of responses to my query on imperatives without you subjects my original query asked for references and suggestions concerning apparent imperatives with indefinite noun phrase subjects like : do n't anybody move . all the band members leave the room now . all in favor say """" aye . """" many thanks to all the respondents : suzanne kemmer , susan fischer , bob frank , jussi karlgren , steven schaufele , larry horn , arnold zwicky , alan huffman , christer platzack , marie egan , michael flier , bruce nevin , kripka sundar , and rosta , kimberly weiss , bruce downing , anton sherwood , bernard comrie , inger rosengren , chase wrenn , peter coopmans horn , fischer and flier suggested checking the subject status of anybody , all etc by looking at tags , where it seems that the under - lying you reappears , whereas tags with anybody and all sound bad . do n't anybody move , will you / * will they ? all in favor say """" aye , """" won't you / * won't they ? this correlates with the fact that the indefinites can be understood as specifying the reference of you such that anybody equates with ' any one of you ' , all with ' all of you ' and so on . in a similar vein , rosta , sundar , schaufele and comrie suggest that anybody and all are the lexical realization of a pragmatic addressee you and a presupposed agent you . weiss , nevin and sherwood analyze the examples as containing a vocative anybody and all with a corresponding regular 2nd person imperative . huffman and wrenn see these apparent imperatives as subjunctive sentences , so that the occurrence of anybody and all does n't require any special comment . egan and karlgren point out the existence of 1st and 3rd person imperatives in greek and german . thus in german : gehen wir ins kino roughly ' let 's go to the movies ' contains 1st person plural wir ' we ' with imperative gehen . this too would suggest that imperatives with 3rd person subjects present no anomaly . these respondents and others mentioned above cited the references below . downing , bruce . 1969 . vocatives and 3rd - person imperatives in english . papers in linguistics 1 , 3 : 570-92 . zwicky , arnold . 1987 . rev . of davis . the english imperative . linguistics 25 , 4 : 805-810 . zwicky , a . 1988 . on the subject of bare imperatives in english . on language % stockwell festschrift % , ed . by duncan - rose et al . croom helm . beukema , f . & p . coopmans . 1989 . a gb perspective on the imperative in english . journal of linguistics 25 : 417-36 . zanuttini . 1991 . u of pennsylvania dissertation . platzack , chr . & i . rosengren . 1994 . on the subject of imperatives . sprache & pragmatics . to appear . takahashi , hide . to appear . language sciences . thank you to all who responded . once i ' ve had a look at the various references , i may offer a further comment to linguist . best wishes , neal norrick tb0nrn1 @ mvs . cso . niu . edu
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 959,""Subject: re : 5 . 1500 comparative method , polarization & reviews
  
  i am forwarding the following for posting at the request of robert rankin ( rankin @ ukanvm . cc . unkans . edu ) . i do not subscribe to this list and have no wish to join the fray at present , but when my name is mentioned sometimes the file is forwarded to me via e-mail . thus the following : andy anderson cites me on three points in a series of recent postings . i have known andy upwards of 30 years and do not feel that he would in - tentionally misrepresent my views , but i also feel a couple of things need clarification . first , i am uncomfortable about being formally cited as a ( secondary ) source of information on lyle campbell 's paper from the boulder ( green - berg ) conference of ca . 1990 . if andy wishes to distribute an attack on the paper or its author in written form , he should first obtain an actual copy of it or , alternatively , await its publication . i guess i should n't have brought it up in our conversation at the ssila / aaa meetings . second , i am said to have reported that the geneticists who have studied the mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) of sundry native american and siberian peo - ples claim that there were / are """" two subgroups within amerind ( aside from the eskimo and athabaskans ) . """" this is not what i ( or the paper 's authors wallace , torroni and schurr , et al . ) said . the authors did not address themselves to the linguistic problems and most certainly did n't talk about """" subgroups """" . nor did i , since i do not regard the historicity of anything like """" amerind """" as even remotely established . the authors of the paper did posit at least four """" migrations """" . they do not discuss the most recent , eskomo - aleut , in their abstract , but i think they gave a time depth figure of about 6000 years bp ( before present ) for it orally - - do n't quote me . from their abstract : for what they call na - dene their figure is 7000-10000 years bp . then they say they have evidence for at least two """" migrations """" preceding that . one comes between 12000-15000 bp and the earliest between 26000-34000 bp . figures as high as 40000 bp were mentioned orally , as i recall . they did not attempt to correlate their figures with our knowledge of periods of glaciation or the periodic existence of the land bridge in beringia . i leave it to readers to decide what this portends for the amerind hypo - thesis or its proposed ( glotto ) chronology , but a warning is in order in any event . note that i have written """" migration """" in quotes above . this is not because i wish to pejorate the term ; it is because geneticists use it in a very special way . for them it has to do solely with the ap - pearance of specific genetic material in american populations . they then assume a common ancestor and calculate the number of millennia by positing a uniform mutation rate for mtdna . the material and theories they work with force this definition of migration on them . all this says nothing about the situation """" on the ground . """" in reality though , each of these genetic migrations can have included many distinct movements of people across beringia over a great many years - - perhaps centuries or even millennia . and they may have represented many ling - guistic groups . all that is required in order for entire clusters of migrations """" on the ground """" to get read as a single mtdna """" migration """" is a relatively homogeneous gene pool in eastern siberia over the particular time span when the """" genetic mutation """" occurred . the evidence does indeed suggest four genetic migrations , but it really says little or nothing about how many """" real """" migrations there were with - in each of the four clusters , nor does it say anything about linguistic diversity - - much less """" subgroups of amerind . """" we may wish it did , but it does n't . i do note with interest however the rough correlation between the geneticists ' oldest figures and the calculations of nichols ( 1990 in language 66 . 3 ) based on linguistic diversity in the western hemisphere . the more recent sets of mtdna dates fall within the esta - blished archaeological ballpark for clovis believers , although the earliest set certainly does not . one very short contribution of my own here - - mostly my wife 's actually , since she is a molecular geneticist and we talk about these things over breakfast . the yardstick used by mtdna geneticists in these cal - culations may not be appreciably better than that used in glottochrono - logy , i . e . , genetic mutation takes place at a rate which is only rela - tively constant . it can be speeded up by various singular events from cosmic ray bombardment to ingesting certain fungi infecting the grain from your cache pit . biologists try to allow for this sort of thing , but as you can see from the plus / minus dates for each cluster , we are not talking about something as precise as dendrochronology or even radiocarbon dating . the mtdna studies are very interesting but we must bear in mind their limitations and special use of the term """" migration """" . lastly , in an earlier posting andy mentions that i had examined green - berg 's notebooks and determined how he had mislabeled so much of his siouan data in lia . andy 's description of the way the notebooks are laid out is correct , but i have only actually seen xeroxes of the pages of siouan entries , not the notebooks themselves . i might add that the siouan entries in the notebook are hard by the iroquoian , caddoan , yuchi entries demonstrating once again that greenberg had decided on the final classification of these families when he laid out his notebook design and before the vocabularies from the languages were entered . my thanks to john koontz for posting this . sincerely , bob rankin ( university of kansas ) ( rankin @ ukanvm . cc . ukans . edu )
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 960,""Subject: genetic classification
  
  i wish to make some comments on an issue that recent discussion of nostratic and the problem of """" demonstrating """" distant genetic relationships has skirted around that i believe underlies some of the issues that various people have been directly addressing . an assumption that seems to underly much of the discussion is that hypotheses regarding genetic relationships are not interesting unless they can be proven to be true . i find this a rather odd assumption , and one that does not seem to be made about any other kinds of hypotheses in linguistics ( or anywhere else in science as far as i know ) . and let us set aside for the sake of argument the oft-noted point that the notion of proof is not really applicable to empirical hypotheses , and assume that the term is to be used loosely for some arbitrary high level of certainty . it seems fair to say that there is a fairly widespread disinterest in hypotheses like the nostratic hypothesis because it is widely believed ( and i will assume it is true here for the sake of argument ) that the available evidence for nostratic falls short of this imaginary level of certainty which deserves the label """" proven """" . a common type of reaction to unproven hypotheses is that it has not been demonstrated that the observed similarities might not be due to chance and / or borrowing . but suppose that someone were to take the same attitude towards comparative reconstruction of protolanguages . suppose that someone were to object to comparative reconstruction of anything but very shallow groups on the grounds that one can never prove that the reconstructions are correct . just as one can object to certain claims of genetic relationships on the grounds that one cannot conclusively eliminate the possibility that the observed similarities might be due to accident and / or borrowing , one could equally well object to virtually all hypotheses surrounding comparative reconstruction on the grounds that one cannot conclusively eliminate alternative possibilities . the comparative method is a way to come up with the best guess one can make about a protolanguage ; it never provides proof that the reconstruction is in fact correct . so why bother doing it ? the answer should be obvious : hypotheses which represent our best guesses at any point in time are what much of science is about . by why do so many linguists seem to object to applying the same way of thinking to hypotheses about genetic relationships ? why is it that many historical linguists find the hypotheses like the nostratic hypothesis either laughable or upsetting ? why do n't they react the same way to comparative reconstructions , since they also are """" unproven """" ? why do n't they rush out and read everything they can find on nostratic and conclude """" the evidence is tantalizing but not conclusive ; it 's a really exciting hypothesis """" ? why is there such a double standard ? i want to suggest an answer to this question , an answer which , if right , provides insight into the nature of many debates surrounding controversial hypotheses of genetic relationship . namely , some people find questions of genetic classification intrinsically interesting , quite apart from any detailed historical work that plays a role in supporting hypotheses . other people , however , are primarily interested in the detailed historical work itself , and do not find questions of genetic classification intrinsically interesting , but only interesting in so far as they are an inevitable consequence of historical work . people of the first sort are more likely to find recent work reclassifying penutian languages exciting , while people of the latter sort are unlikely to react that way , unless they are penutian specialists . as one moves back in time , the ability to apply the comparative method becomes increasingly difficult , and detailed historical work becomes increasingly speculative ( and to many historical linguists , dissatisfying ) . but at any time depth , we can always be much more confident of the genetic classification than we can of any comparative reconstructions . our confidence in indo - european as a language family is surely greater than our confidence in any specific claims about proto - indo - european . but as we move further back in time , we should expect there to be hypotheses that we cannot be entirely confident of , but for which there is at least some promising evidence , where any comparative reconstruction is going to be sufficiently speculative as to not be satisfying to linguists interested in traditional comparative work . and since these linguists are not interested in genetic classification except as a biproduct of detailed historical work , such linguists are likely to find the hypotheses uninteresting . on the other hand , for linguists who find questions of genetic classification inherently interesting , the fact that detailed historical work may not be possible is irrelevant , and the fact that the hypothesis is unproven or unprovable may be no more a source of concern than the fact comparative reconstructions are always unproven and unprovable . if this view is correct , much of the debate surrounding controversial hypotheses in genetic classification is based , not on substantive questions , but simply on what sorts of questions different people find interesting . matthew dryer
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 961,""Subject: re : 6 . 06 greenberg ( again . . . sigh )
  
  ) 3 ) ) date : thu , 22 dec 1994 21 : 02 - 0500 ( est ) ) from : mike _ maxwell @ sil . org ) subject : evidence against greenberg ? ) ) perhaps the best evidence against greenberg 's hypothesis would be to show ) that his methods , when applied * in the same way * to randomly chosen samples ) of languages of the earth ( including some amerindian languages ) , group them ) in the same way and with the same degree of ( un ) certainty as those methods ) group amerindian languages ( less the athabaskan languages ) together . ( i ) put the stars around """" in the same way """" because one can easily distort ) someone else 's methods . ) as i understand it , some people have tried ) applying greenberg 's method to one amerindian language and one other ) language ( finnish was one such , i believe ) , but i have never heard of a ) large-scale comparison being done in this way . ( and i believe greenberg ) says his method is best used for mass comparison , not one-on - one . ) ) here we go again . some bean counter some day will tot up the number of times """" greenberg """" occurs here and will rate the corresponding work as """" highly influential """" . never mind . there is no difference between mass comparison and pair comparison . when you engage in mass comparison you carry out a large number of pair comparisons . the greater the number of comparisons , the more chances you have of finding cognates . . and chance resemblances . take two dice and roll them . how often will they show the same score ? take a bagful of them and empty it onto the floor . matches galore . but that does not matter . we ' ve had recently a long , long , exchange on the comparative method , in which alexis manaster ramer made a point - - which he seemed to believe as important - - that no language had been found to retain less than 86 % of some sample wordlist ( swadesh 's 100 ? does n't matter as you shall soon see ) per thousand years . the claim is false , but never mind , i ' ll grant it as true . i ' ll even grant you 90 % retention . america , they say , was populated 18 , 000 years ago . well , not so , evidence from brazil now seem to push it back to 50 , 000 bp . but i ' ll grant you 18 , 000 bp . and that everybody since the great crossing was careful not to be linguistically overly innovative , so that there exist at least two maximally distant languages which have retained 90 % of their vocabulary millennium in millenium out . today you could expect to see between them 0 . 9 ^ ( 18 * 2 ) = 0 . 0225 , i . e . 2 . 25 % words in common . on that famous 100 - item highly stable """" basic """" vocabulary . so that 's your proto - amerind reconstituted . now , of course , we have not taken chance resemblances into account . if you remember greenberg sci . am . article and his calculations , he estimates the probability of chance resemblances at 1 in 250 . but he forgets that he allows a bit of metathesis . in fact , if you read carefully ruhlen 's """" on the origin of languages """" complete anagramming , since he list irish """" bligim """" as cognate with his * malk ' a . there are six ways in which you can combine 3 consonants , so that is really one chance of resemblance in 42 ( 250 / 6 = a tad under 42 ) . using their figure , then , how many chance resemblances show you expect to find in a 100 - item wordlist ? 100 / 42 = 2 . 38 . bingo ! more than real cognates after 18 , 000 years with very conservative languages . now , * if * america was really populated 50 , 000 years ago we should see 0 . 9 ^ ( 50 * 2 ) = 0 . 002656 % of your 100 - item list preserved . that 's one word in 37 , 649 . so out of every pair of 100 - item lists you will find , on the average , 1 / 37649 * 100 = 0 . 0027 wrods in common . meaning that you can look forward to examining some 376 pairs before you find one single cognate . but thanks to mass comparison , you are sure to find it . only compare 50 seemingly * unrelated * languages ( because you want to pick maximally distant languages ) . that gives you 50 * ( 50 - 1 ) / 2 = 1225 pairwise comparisons . with a bit of luck , that will give 3 or 4 cognates , each attested by 2 or 3 languages . . . . and stacks of spurious resemblances , each attested by far many more languages than your true cognates . perhaps america was not populated 50 , 000 years ago . but australia was at least 40 , 000 bp . that does not prevent some from reconstructing proto - australian . and trying to link it to indo - european . enough fun with figures . why do n't you try to * simulate * a paltry 30 , 000 years worth of evolution of 30 languages each represented by 100 words , with a one-in - 250 ( see how generous i am ) chance of resemblances ? ( warning : advertisement follows ) download glotto02 . zip from from directory / pc / linguistics at garbo . uwasa . fi , unzip it , read the documentation about programs glotsim , glottree do it , and see . ( de toutes facons , autant souffler dans un violon . c ' est tellement plus rigolo d ' aller s ' imaginer qu ' on peut demeler le passe perdu dans la nuit des temps ) . j . guy @ trl . oz . au
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 962,""Subject: literary texts on cd
  
  can anyone tell me about the uk availability of literary texts such as tess of the d ' urbervilles in particular , on cd and therefore usable for corpus stylistics ? thankyou john wheat ; ley univ of aveiro portugal
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 963,""Subject: gmt
  
  does anyone out there know of the whereabouts of jane roscoe mcbrearty , a linguist who gave an interesting paper ( """" why child phonology can never be deviant """" ) at the child language seminar in york ( uk ) in 1987 ? i would like to contact her if poss . thank you ! clare . gallaway @ man . ac . uk centre for audiology , education of the deaf and speech pathology university of manchester
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 964,""Subject: maya / mayan language
  
  i ' m looking for information on the maya / mayan language : descriptive as well as historical . references are also needed . thank you . kalaya tingsabadh department of linguistics faculty of arts chulalongkorn university bangkok 10330 , thailand kalaya @ chulkn . car . chula . ac . th
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 965,""Subject: qs
  
  re phonetics lab for mac or pc we would like to know what the market is for phonetics labs for the macintosh . we have an old fashioned lab with sonagraph , pitch meter and other acoustic instruments , but would like to get more up-to - date equipment . in particular we would like to hear from researchers who have used soundscope or other programs . in our faculty we mostly use macs , but if any of you know of an excellent pc - program we would like to know about it . thanks . kirsten gregersen department of applied linguistics odense university , denmark e-mail : kgr @ language . ou . dk kirsten gregersen institut for sprog og kommunikation , odense universitet , campusvej 55 , 5230 odense m tlf . : 6615 8600 , lokal 3409 , direkte valg : 6615 8696 - 3409 e - mail : kgr @ language . ou . dk , telefax : 6593 2483
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 966,""Subject: voyeur de tons
  
  could someone tell me what relatively cheap software for mac to use to see the tonal melodies ( or convert frequencies in curves ) in tone languages ? thanks .
 "",0
 967,""Subject: recommendations on ling . font set for mac ?
  
  i am looking for recommendations on a linguistic font set for the macintosh . ideally i would like one that is not bitmapped , if such a thing exists . germanic characters are also a requirement . please e-mail me with any recommendations , as well as info on where to purchase the fonts . thanks ! lee forester forester @ smaug . cs . hope . edu
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 968,""Subject: sexism and language
  
  re lydie e . meunier 's latest , i did not mean to say that i consider oppression of any kind to be of no importance , but merely that in studying linguistic usages it is of no importance ( or at least less importance , ok ? ) what the real situation re oppression and the like is than what people perceive it to be . if ( as some seem to believe ) there is no oppression of women by men , i meant to say , that would not be what we would want to know in order to explain sexist language , so long as people believe that men are better , stronger , or whatever , so long as people believe that men are and deserve to be dominant and / or more prominent in public life , etc . because even if these things were not true ( although i think by large they obviously are ) , so long as people believe they are ( and certainly all cultures i am familiar with do ) , then that would suffice to explain sexist language . in the same way , we as linguists need not discuss the existence of god in order to be able to say that certain linguistic usages seem to be derived from such a belief . so , yes , i do believe women have been and continue to be oppressed in various ways , i am astounded that there are people who would deny it , but i also would say that in order to explain sexist language , that is not what we need to discuss . alexis manaster ramer
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 969,""Subject: re : 6 . 1100 , disc : uniformitarianism , re : 1086 ; sex / lang
  
  dick hudson 's observations on us use of 's on ' but not 'd aughter ' as a vocative are very thought-provoking , but i am not sure that it is fair to attribute this to """" sons """" being """" treated like senior relatives """" . for one thing , we do n't normally use ' brother ' in this way any more than we do 'd aughter ' , and it is hard to imagine a natural class comprising senior relatives and 's on ' but excluding ' brother ' . for another , there seem to me to be differences here . if i am not imagining a distinction that is not there , it seems to me that the senior relative terms are used in a wider variety of contexts , e . g . , calling out from a distance to get someone 's attention , and hence at the beginning of an utterance , whereas 's on ' seems more natural in utterances like ' yes , son ' , ' hand me that , son ' than in ones like ' son ! ' or ' son , help me ! ' ( although perhaps these latter ones are not completely impossible ) . alexis mr
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 970,""Subject: job opportunity at celex , the netherlands
  
  job opportunity at celex : german database development - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - thanks to a grant given by the board of the council for the humanities , one of the councils functioning within the netherlands organization for scientific research ( nwo ) , celex , the dutch centre for lexical information , invites applications for the position of one full-time researcher to expand and enhance the german lexical database for the fixed period of one year . tasks - - - - within the framework of a long-term lexical database research and development project , celex has been compiling and updating massive structured collections of numerous word features for dutch , english and german for the past ten years . celex has been jointly established and managed by the university of nijmegen , the institute for perception research ( ipo ) in eindhoven , the institute for dutch lexicology ( inl ) in leiden , and the max planck institute for psycholinguistics ( mpi ) in nijmegen . it is located at the mpi , which is formally entrusted with its day-to - day administration . a grant recently awarded by nwo enables us to appoint one extra computational linguist for a period of one year on a full-time basis . the future employee 's tasks will focus on enhancing and expanding the german lexical database . they include : - adding frequent words and neologisms to the german database from the text corpus supplied by the institut fuer deutsche sprache in mannheim , and possibly other , more recent or more extensive corpora . - expanding these words to their full inflectional paradigm and encoding their orthographic , morphological , phonological and syntactic features . - disambiguating the frequencies of all homographic wordforms ( approx . 12 , 000 existing and new entries ) on the basis of their context in the mannheim corpus or other corpora . this task will be carried out in collaboration with two student assistants . - evaluating and , where necessary , revising the verbal argument structures listed in the current database on the basis of scholarly publications , corpus research and dictionary labels . requirements - - - - - - - - - - - applicants should ideally have a master 's degree in german with advanced computational skills , or have mixed but solid qualifications in german and computational linguistics . native speakers of german with a training in general and computational linguistics are also invited to apply . employment conditions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - employment will be on a temporary basis , for a period of one year . although the grant is restricted to this period , the appointment may be extended depending on the provision of additional funding from the dutch government , european councils or any other relevant bodies . no further commitment on our part or claims on the part of the applicant can be derived from this statement , however . the salary will be on the scale of 10 ( approx . dfl . 4 , 000 = ( us $ 2 , 500 ) to 6 , 000 , = ( us $ 3 , 750 ) before tax per month ) for junior researchers , according to qualifications and relevant experience . enquiries - - - - - - - - further enquiries can be made to : richard piepenbrock celex project manager max planck institute for psycholinguistics wundtlaan 1 6525 xd nijmegen the netherlands tel : ( + 31 ) ( 0 ) 80 - 615797 fax : ( + 31 ) ( 0 ) 80 - 521213 > from 10-10 - 1995 : tel : ( + 31 ) ( 0 ) 24 - 3615797 fax : ( + 31 ) ( 0 ) 24 - 3521213 e - mail : celex @ mpi . nl more information on celex ( though not on the job ) can be found on our www - homepage at url http : / / www . kun . nl / celex method of application - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - letters of application , accompanied by a curriculum vitae and the names and addresses ( also e-mail address , if applicable ) of two referees should be sent by surface mail or e-mail to the above-mentioned addresses . the closing date for applications is september 15 , 1995 . you can expect to be notified of the outcome of your application not later than one month after the closing date .
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 971,""Subject: sum : urdu materials in us
  
  dear linguists , some months ago i wrote to ask about materials for learning urdu ( audio materials in particular ) . i recieved several helpful responses . sanjaya hettihewa ( sanjaya @ wam . umd . edu ) recommended calling the international language center in washington , d . c . in addition to dictionaries , the center has _ an introduction to hindi and urdu _ for $ 29 . 95 and _ urdu for english speakers _ for $ 14 . 00 . however , no audio tapes are available . you can reach the center at ( 202 ) 332-2894 . greg thomson ( gthomson @ gpu . srv . ualberta . ca ) suggested contacting audio forum at ( 203 ) 225-5400 , which does indeed have audio tapes . a set of nine tapes and the accompanying textbook can be bought for $ 185 plus shipping charges . audio forum also offers a free catalogue . i would like to thank sandy cash ( leon @ gibbs . oit . unc . edu ) and aa khan ( aak2 @ unix . york . ac . uk ) for the further advice they gave . all prices given above are in united states dollars . thank you all ! melia m . e . brush ememb @ alpha . pr1 . k12 . co . us
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 972,""Subject: re : 6 . 1101 , qs : literary texts on cd , j . roscoe , maya / mayan lg
  
  john wheatley asks for a source for tess of the d ' urbervilles . this text can be downloaded free of charge ( as can several other literary texts ) by anonymous ftp from ota . ox . ac . uk ( the oxford text archive ) . tess is in the sub-directory pub / ota / english / hardy / tess . 1581 ( i think the directory names are case sensitive ) . david
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 973,""Subject: seeking langacker reference
  
  in a paper by ronald langacker entitled ' the symbolic nature of cognitive grammar : the meaning of _ of _ and of _ of _ - periphrasis ' ( in martin puetz ( ed ) 1992 _ thirty years of linguistic evolution _ . philadelphia : benjamins ) there is a reference to the following : langacker , r . w . [ 1992 ] [ to appear ] . possession and possessive constructions . i have not been able to find this item . can anyone tell me more about it ( such as , for example , has it appeared yet , and if so , where ) ? - dave scarratt davids @ cse . unsw . edu . au
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 974,""Subject: case systems in use
  
  how many readers have used a case system in a nl application ? we ' re interested in your experiences and the conclusions you drew from them , as well as any details of your particular semantic roles and the nl task . replies by email , please ; we ' ll post a summary to the list . thanks in advance , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ken barker : department of computer science : university of ottawa kbarker @ csi . uottawa . ca : ( 613 ) 562-5800 ext 6728 : ottawa , canada , k1n 6n5
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 975,""Subject: awali
  
  is there anyone who can tell me which is the language of the following song ( by pierre bensusan ) , and what is the meaning of this text ? awali , aale ' fa nie say aie faali , ai laa-o fane ' oue ' awaali , whode ' - d ' mma doho manoo-ho amaani nemma fid ' n so . awali . ale oma fin ' way amma ma ma ne vo ^ fa wo ^ f ' ma neh s ' t ' beie a fee , o - o-oui la ^ ma-ne ' - sai o ma-meh fa ^ me ^ ness kin 'd ' way e na fane ' o ^ fa tchi ' kengue ' in the complete version of this song , each paragraph is preceded and followed by paragraphs in french . frank van der leeuw university of amsterdam / holland institute of generative linguistics department of linguistics spuistraat 210 1012 vt amsterdam
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 976,""Subject: job announcement - academia sinica
  
  job announcement institute of history and philology , academia sinica the linguistics division of the institute of history and philology , academia sinica invites applications from citizens of the republic of china for research positions with the possibility toward tenure track posts . the area of specialization is open , but preference will be given to those in the following fields : phonology ( and phonetics ) , semantics , chinese dialect sutdies , and chinese minority languages . applicants already holding a ph . d . will be considered for the position of assistant research fellow ( equivalent to an assistant professor ) ; applicants holding an m . a . only will be considered for the positions of research assistant . these are purely research positions and no teaching is required . the minimum salaries for these positions are nt $ 63 , 215 ( about us $ 2 , 431 ) and nt $ 45 , 110 ( about us $ 1 , 735 ) per month respectively , plus bonuses . applicants should send a vitae , transcripts from graduate school , an abstract of the ma thesis or dissertation ( including the title , chapter by chapter summary , methodology , materials , and main conclusions ) , and three letters of recommendation to dr . chiu - yu tseng , head linguistics division institute of history and philology academia sinica taipei 115 , taiwan roc deadline for receipt of these materials is march 31 , 1995 . those applying will be notified of our preliminary decision around the beginning and may , 1995 ; those notified of preliminary acceptance would then be expected to send complete text of the thesis or dissertation by the end of may , 1995 for evaluation . for more information , applicants should write to the address above or send e-mail to hscyt @ ccvax . sinica . edu . tw
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 977,""Subject: teaching english in korea
  
  teaching english in korea the language center of the chonnam national university is looking for efl instructors . at present we have twelve full-time instructors : three koreans , one japanese and eight native speakers of english with degrees in tesl . in 1995 we plan to employ three or more english teachers , preferably native speakers of english . we will provide instructors with : 1 . housing on or off campus 2 . settlement allowance of us $ 500 3 . payment of us $ 19 , 000 for 630 teaching hours a year and payment of $ 30 for one additional hour of teaching 4 . health insurance 5 . assistant professorship and additional monthly payment of $ 125 to those with doctoral degree in tesl . we require the following documents : 1 . curriculum vitae 2 . documents for m . a . degree in esl / efl 3 . two letters of recommendation * . interns need recommendations from his / her own institute . each session begins january , march , may , july , september , and november . so you have some flexibility in selecting the time to come all the year round . we are also interested in getting applicants for internship program . interns will be teaching three hours a day ( m - f ) either one or two sessions . we will provide the interns with homestay and round-trip airfare . gyonggu shin , professor of english director , language research center chonnam national university kwangju 500-757 , korea office : 82-62 - 520-7920 fax : 82-62 - 526-5521 email : gshin @ rs6 . chonnam . ac . kr lrc @ rs6 . chonnam . ac . kr
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 978,""Subject: job posting - apple-iss research center
  
  content - length : 3386 apple-iss research center a us $ 10 million joint venture between apple computer inc . and the institute of systems science of the national university of singapore , located in singapore , is looking for : a senior speech scientist - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the successful candidate will have research expertise in computational linguistics , including natural language processing and * * english * * and * * chinese * * statistical language modeling . knowledge of state-of - the-art corpus-based n - gram language models , cache language models , and part-of - speech language models are required . a text - to - speech project leader - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the successful candidate will have research expertise expertise in two or more of the following areas : computational linguistics , including natural language parsing , lexical database design , and statistical language modeling ; text tokenization and normalization ; prosodic analysis . substantial knowledge of the phonology , syntax , and semantics of chinese is required . knowledge of acoustic phonetics and / or speech signal processing is desirable . both candidates will have a phd with at least 2 to 4 years of relevant work experience , or a technical msc degree with at least 5 to 7 years of experienc e . very strong software engineering skills , including design and implementation , and productization are required in these positions . knowledge of c , c + + and unix are preferred . a unix & c programmer - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - we are looking for an experienced unix & c programmer , preferably with good industry experience , to join us in breaking new frontiers . strong knowledge of unix tools ( compilers , linkers , make , x - windows , e - mac , . . . ) and experience in matlab required . sun and silicon graphic experience is an advantage . programmers with less than two years industry experience need not apply . these positions include interaction with scientists in the national university of singapore , and with apple 's speech research and productization efforts located in cupertino , california . attendance and publication in international scientific / engineering conferences is encouraged . benefits include an internationally competitive salary , housing subsidy , and relocation expenses . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ send a complete resume , enclosing personal particulars , qualifications , experience and contact telephone number to : mr jean - luc lebrun center manager apple - iss research center , institute of systems science heng mui keng terrace , singapore 0511 tel : ( 65 ) 772-6571 fax : ( 65 ) 776-4005 email : jllebrun @ iss . nus . sg
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 979,""Subject: q ? french aspect
  
  my question arises from olsen 's 1994 diss on tense-aspect . it is standardly assumed that , e . g . , aimait is both past and imperfect * combined * . but i wonder about its synchronic status in spoken french . it seems to me that you have a simple past / nonpast contrast over three constructions : simple stem ; aux """" have """" + participle ; and infinitives with enclitic """" have """" , thus proportionately : aim-e : aim-ait : : a aime ' : av-ait aime ' : : aim-er - a : aim-er - ait if this analysis is correct for french , would it not be better to assume aimait is the """" simple past tense """" ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? why not let the aspect come """" for free """" as a """" default """" interpretation . just musing .
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 980,""Subject: sapir - whorf
  
  sapir-whorf hypothesis i know linguist had extensive conversation about """" snow , """" etc . , etc . , and the current status of the sapir - whorf hypothesis . i am once again faced with how to teach this material in introductory linguistics ( i use the latest ed . of lg . files , osu , which has a chapter on it ) . my question to the network is this . what sort of conclusion is now appropriate ? i have always stated that no one has disproved whorf 's mild version of ling . relativity ( let 's leave ling . determinism aside , or the stronger version ) . but i have been reading pinker 's the lg . instinct . it is stated therein that whorf was clearly wrong on all counts ( and how could he have been so wrong ! ) . the subject matter of s - w is material which students have always found fascinating . the literature on the hypothesis is now vast . all i want to do is to be fair vis-a - vis ling . in 1995 and present the state of the art of what we know today . i will gladly post a summary for all those who care to write to me of their experiences here , either teaching or researching . respond either to me ( akaye @ fullerton . edu ) or directly to the network , as per your inclination . thank you in advance for your kind assistance . alan kaye linguistics calaifornia state university fullerton , ca 92634
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 981,""Subject: phrase identification
  
  dept of english , university of louisville , lou ky 40291 phone : 502 / 852-5901 an asian student has said that an american student has flamed him on the university 's e-mail system by calling him a """" vaginer shill """" . has anyone heard of this phrase ? what does it mean ? ( this spelling is exactly that used by the american student . ) karen a . mullen university of louisville internet : kamull01 @ ulkyvm . louisville . edu bitnet : kamull01 @ ulkyvm
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 982,""Subject: yiddish orthography
  
  is there a standard orthography for yiddish in the roman alphabet ? what would the reference be ? reply to me privately , please . - thanks , charlotte linde
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 983,""Subject: updates on webpage for slrf 95
  
  if you need information about slrf 95 , how to get to cornell , copies of ithaca and cornell maps , airline and local bus schedules , complete lists of hotels , a preliminary list of paper abstracts , etc . , please visit our web page : http : / / www . dmll . edu / slrf95 . html - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = slrf ' 95 : second language research forum 1995 cornell university september 29 , 30 - october 1 , 1995 e-mail : slrf95 @ cornell . edu fax : ( 607 ) - 255-7491 regular mail : slrf95 morrill 203 cornell university ithaca , ny 14853 usa - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = rafael salaberry 203 morrill hall modern languages cornell university e-mail : mrs4 @ cornell . edu = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
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 984,""Subject: summary : vowels and sound symbolism
  
  summary : vowels and sound symbolism two weeks ago i circulated a message on the list asking for information on languages with sound-symbolic vowel hierarchies . what prompted this message was a description i came across of the longzhou dialect of the zhuang language spoken in guangxi province in southwestern china * . the language had a vowel hierarchy in following order i < e < a < o < u / w ( unrounded """" u """" ) which is manifest in the verbs , adjectives and measures of the language : the higher up on the hierarchy the vowel , the greater the magnitude or the intensity of the word . for example , ( 1 ) measures 1 . ni : p7 tsi3 ( a small stack of paper ) ne : p7 tsi3 ( a big stack of paper ) 2 . je : m1 kw1 ( a tiny pinch of salt ) ja : m1 kw1 ( a big handful of salt ) 3 . ki : n5 mai4 ( a tiny branch ) kw : n5 mai4 ( a big branch ) ( 2 ) verbs 1 . di : u1 ( to pry using a small tool ) da : u1 ( to pry using a large tool ) 2 . je : t7 ( a small object bouncing ) ja : t7 ( a large object bouncing ) 3 . ve : t7 ( to dig using a small tool ) va : t7 ( to dig using a large tool ) ( 3 ) adjectives 1 . ? e : u3 ( to bend or break ) ? e : u3 bje : p8 bje : p8 ( to break silently ) ? e : u3 bja : p8 bja : p8 ( to break , but slightly louder than the first ) ? e : u3 bjo : p8 bjo : p8 ( to break loudly ) ? e : u3 bju : p8 bju : p8 ( to break very loudly ) 2 . lai1 ( to flow ) lai1 se2 se2 ( to flow softly ) lai1 sa2 sa2 ( to flow , but slightly louder than the first ) lai1 so2 so2 ( to flow loudly ) lai1 su2 su2 ( to flow very loudly ) 3 . hau3 ( the weather being warm ) hau3 je : m5 ( the weather being slightly warm ) hau3 jo : m5 ( the weather being very warm ) hau3 ju : m5 ( the weather being extremely warm ) i asked if there were other languages that had similar mechanisms , and here are the replies . my thanks to jan lindstrom , stephen p . spackman , hiroshi hanara , bruce a . connell , anne gilman , dirk elzinga , and mark huber . * xie , zhiming . 1983 . """" longzhou zhuangyu de yuanyin jiaoti """" ( vowel alternations in the zhuang language of longzhou ) . yuyan yanjiu 5 : 212-218 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the correspondence to your system is by no means discrete , but there are similar vowel hierarchies or ordering in japanese onomatopoeic words that describe natural sound , repetition and number , magnitude , and perceived sizes . generally one can think of a continuum of the sort below , having general attributes as indicated : / i / / e / / a / / o / / u / < - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > small , sharp , light large , blunt , heavy , intense ( / u / is phonetically an unrounded high mid / back vowel ) . i recall a discussion on sound symbolism / onomatopoeia in japanese in _ dictionary of basic japanese grammar _ ( japan times , tokyo , 1987 ? ) by makino , seiichi and tsutsui , michio . the book was intended for learners of japanese but the discussion on onomatopoeia toward the end of the book may still be useful . hiroshi nara associate professor japanese language eall , university of pittsburgh pittsburgh , pa 15260 usa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wasco chinookan evidently has a diminuitive morpheme with several degrees of intensity , varying according to consonant qualities ( there may be two axes , actually ; at least one goes : ejective-voiced - unvoiced - labialized or something - - i do n't have the paper in front of me , pardon factual errors ! ) . this phenomenon also involves vowel alternation . the paper is by michael silverstein and it came out in : title : sound symbolism / edited by leanne hinton , johanna nichols , and john j . ohala . published : cambridge ( england ) ; new york : cambridge university press , 1994 . description : x , 373 p . : ill . ; 24 cm . notes : includes bibliographical references and index . subjects : sound symbolism other authors : hinton , leanne nichols , johanna ohala , john j . isbn : 0521452198 oclc number : 29027865 thought i would toss the idea in the hopper . . . anne gilman ( grad student , ut austin ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i do n't know any parallel examples , but in ibibio you can lengthen the vowel to show increasing duration or repetition of an action . ( it 's actually a bit more complicated than that . ) meanwhile i suggest you check a paper by ohala , ' the ethiological use of pitch ' ( i think ) , which appeared in phonetica in the early ' 80s ( again , i think ) . he has done other work on sound symbolism , including a recent book ( hinton , nichols , ohala , eds ) under that name . actually there are two by ohala , both in phonetica , one in 1983 , one in 1984 . . . in yoruba , rugudu ( hhh ) 's mall and spherical ( as buttocks ) ' vs rogodo ( hhh ) ' large and round ( as yams ) ' . if i understood your posting this fits in your ( i . e . the longzhou ) hierarchy . i came across it in child 's paper in the sound symbolism book , the original source is courtenay ( 1976 ) . nb both these words are ideophones in yoruba and there is no suggestion that these two words reflect a productive process , even among ideophones ( though i suspect no one has seriously checked out the possibility ) . dr . bruce a . connell oxford university . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shoshoni , a uto - aztecan language spoken in the great basin of north america has something like this with demonstratives . there are two sets of prefixes which can be affixed to demonstrative stems ; the first set consists of an [ s ] followed by a vowel and has definite readings , while the second set consists of a bare vowel and has indefinite readings . these are : i ii gloss example si - i - near sit @ n ' this ' se - e - not quite so near set @ n ' this ' sa - a - far , but in sight sat @ n ' that ' su - u - not in sight , far sut @ n ' that ' in addition , there is another prefix which makes no distinction as to proximity , ma - . the forgoing information is taken from a grammatical sketch of shoshoni by the late wick miller , as well as my own field experience with the language . dirk elzinga university of arizona elzinga @ aruba . ccit . arizona . edu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you might want to look at my book for the vector space of vowels . the ordering above is almost a perfect match for a hilbert curve that follows the vowels at the corners of the ordinal vowel cube : hubey , h . m . ( 1994 ) mathematical and computational linguistics , mir domu tvoemu , moscow , russia , isbn 5-87553 - 001 - 4 as in many other scientific fields , particular mathematical fields are used or have been shown via experience to be useful in linguistics and most books on linguistics do n't stray too far from these methods ; i . e . the formal language theory , graph theoretic , or logic . this book covers the area starting from the most basic phonetics / phonemics to morphology , syntax and historical linguistics . almost everything in the book is original and uses mathematics to model the phenomena . what is not original is covered in the appendices . even some original ideas can be found in the appendices . it 's comprehensive and introduces mathematical methods into linguistics in a very strong , natural and non-trivial way including ; differential equations , stochastic differential equations , catastrophe theory , fuzzy mathematics , entropy , various metric spaces , vector spaces for phonemes , orthogonal basis for speech sounds , and a natural orthogonal space for sonority , vowels , and even consonants , time-domain and frequency-domain relationships , dimensional analysis , partial differential equations and permutation matrices et cetera in addition to the usual binary arithmetic , and monoids , groups , rings , karnaugh maps , sets , et cetera . you can find a free copy of the book on my home page at http : / / www . smns . montclair . edu / ~ hubey or directly try ftp ' ing to amiga . montclair . edu the http is a much better way you can get a copy of the table of contents first . regards , mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
 "",0
 985,""Subject: the ldc united nations corpus
  
  in linguist 6 . 973 and a parallel query to the corpora list , rapahel salkie asked some questions about the un parallel corpus from the linguistic data consortium ( ldc ) . before these queries appeared , a response to an earlier query from dr . salkie had already gone out privately from rebecca finch . i certainly urge anyone with experience in using the un corpus to respond to dr . salkie as well . we have also placed a sample of 24 ( out of 21 , 000 ) parallel documents , each in english , french and spanish , in : ftp : / / ftp . cis . upenn . edu / pub / ldc / data _ samples / un _ par _ sample . tar . z these samples should also be accessible , along with quite a bit of other ldc information , from the www page at url http : / / www . cis . upenn . edu / ~ ldc let me add a few words about ldc prices and costs , since dr . salkie 's message expressed the normal human annoyance at being asked to part with money , both in the case of the un corpus and another ( not yet published ) ldc parallel text corpus , the canadian hansard . the ldc membership fee for a university is $ 2 , 000 , and for this fee everyone at that university can get an unlimited and perpetual research license for everything that the ldc publishes during the year of membership . thus you can join the other ninety current members of the corsortium and get not only the forthcoming hansard corpus , but also the other twenty or so databases published this year . for the same amount , a university can get the un corpus and the other 15 databases published in 1994 . whether a particular database , or collection of databases , is worth that amount of money is of course a matter of individual or institutional judgement . we feel that $ 2 , 000 , which is roughly the cost of a moderately configured pc or an international conference trip , is not out of line even for university researchers . speaking for myself , i have a great deal of sympathy for the effort to provide research resources free or at minimal cost , and i have been involved in several successful efforts to bring out such databases over the years , including the acl / dci cd-rom , the eci disk , the celex disk , and others offered in the range of $ 25 - $ 200 . these efforts rely heavily on volunteer labor and other donated resources ; in several cases they have also relied on cash donations from the ldc . however , volunteer labor is rarely available in the needed quantities ; and of course ldc - supplied cash , as well as the existence of the ldc as an organization , depends on income from somewhere . the money that we get from memberships and database sales is a crucial part of the picture - - - without it the ldc would not exist , and neither would either of the databases under discussion . to highlight the point , the history of the u . n . publication is worth reviewing briefly . we decided to try to publish the u . n . archives because translation researchers wanted parallel texts . after concluding several months of negotiations with un representatives and lawyers for both sides , we paid for a nj - based computer consultant to go into the un offices at night so as to make backups of the archives from dismountable disk packs for a long-obsolete wang word processor onto cartridge tapes . this required several months and cost a considerable sum ; we had to use this particular person because he was an authorized service rep for the un facility . then came six person-months of work at the ldc . we had to decode the proprietary and undocumented wang backup format , and the equally proprietary and undocumented wang character set , typographical codes and file structures . we re-organized the entire archive and translated it into wordperfect format , and published a certain number of cd-rom s in this form for the purposes of the un - - - this was part of the agreement that we made with them for access to the data . then we translated the documents into iso-8859 - 1 with sgml markup ( including a working dtd , for those how care ) , and worked out the correspondences among documents . this was far from trivial , since each un language had been entered separately , with no coordination of file names , file dates , or even division of documents into files , and there were tens of thousands of documents per language . this work was mainly done by dave graff , whose salary the ldc pays . we are not likely to recover the costs of acquisition and production of this database through sales and memberships bought for its sake . we subsidize our members by cost-sharing with government grants , or by using income from more popular or less expensive databases to cover unrecovered costs of less popular or more expensive ones . in the case of the forthcoming hansard corpus , which dr . salkie also mentioned , the cost of acquisition and publication has been similar to that of the u . n . material , and the same remarks about subsidies apply . whether a particular database is worth a certain price is a matter of individual taste , but as a matter of simple arithmetic , the fees charged in these two cases are unlikely ever to cover the costs incurred . for those who have read this far , i would like to repeat a standing offer that has been in existence since the beginning of the ldc . if you are interested in cd-rom publication of a language-related database that is plausibly of interest to our membership , and this database is reasonably close to being in shape to publish , we will pay the costs of production , using your label design or one worked out with you ; we will give you up to a hundred copies to do with as you see fit ; we will put the item in our catalogue at whatever price you choose ; and we will remit to you any resulting income in excess of our production costs . the copyright ( if any ) will remain with you , and we will handle any user license arrangements that may be necessary , sending the signed licenses to you . we have published several databases on this basis , and are planning to publish several others , although ( from past experience ) the chances of making back our production costs are no better than even . best wishes , mark liberman myl @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu 619 williams hall university of pennsylvania phone : 215-898 - 0141 philadelphia , pa 19104-6305 fax : 215-573 - 2175
 "",0
 986,""Subject: announcment ( from j . e . flege )
  
  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ post-doctoral fellowships available _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the department of biocommunication , university of alabama at birmingham , in conjunction with grants from the national institutes of health , announces two ( 2 ) post - doctoral fellowships . the fellows will work closely with the pi , james emil flege , ph . d . , to meet the objectives of nih grants which seek to better under - stand the evolution over the lifespan of the ability to learn speech and language . experiments using a wide range of techniques and paradigms will examine the acquisition of a second language ( usually english ) by native speakers of italian , korean , japanese , or spanish . the second-language ( l2 ) learners will differ according to the age at which l2 learning commenced , years of use of the l2 , proficiency in the l2 , or bilingual balance . one position involves research that focuses on segmental production and perception . the second position involves research focusing on differences in the acquisition of phonetic / phonological and morphosyntactic structures in the l2 . requirements : a ph . d . ( or equivalent degree ) in a discipline relevant to the research ( e . g . , experimental phonetics , exper - imental or developmental psychology , cognitive science , speech science , linguistics , esl ) . neither us citizenship nor permanent resident status is required . salary : $ 22 , 000 to $ 35 , 000 per year , depending on number of years of post-doctoral experience . health insurance , incidental expenses , and a travel allowance will also be provided . ( these non-faculty positions do not involve a payback agreement with nih . ) earliest available date : january 1 , 1996 . appointments will be for one year , with renewals possible . e - mail inquiries : flegeje @ biocom1 . bioc . uab . edu to apply : please send a cover letter , resume , writing samples ( articles , or a portion of your dissertation ) , and the names of references to : james emil flege , ph . d . department of biocommunication university of alabama at birmingham vh 503 birmingham , al 35294-0019 uab is an affirmative action / equal opportunity employer . applications from members of minority groups and women are encouraged . sincerely yours , james emil flege , ph . d . professor department of biocommunication uab schools of medicine & dentistry box 503 , uab station birmingham , al 35294-0019 flegeje @ biocom1 . bioc . uab . edu tel : ( 205 ) 934-3644 fax : ( 205 ) 934-7420
 "",0
 987,""Subject: studies on sla of hungarian ?
  
  i am currently writing a phd on the second language acquisition of hungarian by native speakers of english , with particular reference to their ability to acquire the unique focus feature in hungarian . since i am not aware of any other existing or on-going study , i would like to know whether there is anybody else out there doing any relevant work on the topic of hungarian as a l2 who would like to share their ideas with me . if there is sufficient interest , i ' ll post a summary to the list . szilvia papp spapp @ festival . ed . ac . uk university of edinburgh department of applied linguistics 14 buccleuch place edinburgh eh8 9ln scotland - u . k .
 "",0
 988,""Subject: re : help with spanish translation
  
  i am translating a paper of mine into spanish for submission to the upcoming international conference on activity theory ( vygotsky ) to be held in havana . while i am an experienced english / spanish translator , my knowledge of spanish ed / psych terminology is very limited . if anyone is able to help me with any of the following """" demons """" i 'd really appreciate it . thanks , pete farruggio * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * research - ( as in """" the research has shown . . . """" [ i think this is called a collective noun ] i ' ve been using """" las investigaciones """" any better ideas ? developmentalism - """" desarollismo """" ? sequenced skills - """" destrezas consecuentes """" ? sight vocabulario - """" vocabulario automatico """" ? curriculum - """" curriculum """" ? ( there are some instances where i need it as an adjective , as in """" curriculum guidelines """" ) child-centered - ( adjective ) . . . a child-centered classroom - """" un salon organizado segun los intereses juveniles """" ? ? ? tutee - """" tutelado """" ? tutoring - ( adj ) as in """" tutoring activity """" . . . """" actividad tutoreal """" ? partnerships - as in """" class partnerships """" - """" emparejamientos entre clases """" ? dyad - """" el diada """" , """" la diada """" or - - - ? dyad - ( adj ) as in """" dyad activity """" - """" actividad diadica [ ' on first a ] """" ?
 "",0
 989,""Subject: looking for horn 's negation book
  
  i need to find a copy of laurence horn 's ( 1989 ) book entitled _ a natural history of negation _ ( univ . of chicago press ) . the publisher tells me that the paperback edition went out of print in february 1995 and the hard cover edition before that . if anyone can tell me where to find a copy of the book for sale , i 'd appreciate it tremendously . i ' m willing to buy new or used , hard cover or paperback . ( the book is essential for my thesis . ) thank you for any assitance . please respond to : michael beard 73131 . 3101 @ compuserve . com
 "",0
 990,""Subject: call for papers
  
  call for papers session on spanish or portuguese theoretical or applied linguistics 7th biennial northeast regional meeting american association of teachers of spanish and portuguese university of massachusetts at amherst , 20-21 september 1996 papers in spanish , portuguese , or english ; title must be in language that will be used for reading ; 20 minutes maximum reading time . send three copies of the abstract ( do not exceed one page ) , by 20 november 1995 , to : juan c . zamora spanish and portuguese university of massachusetts amherst , ma 01003 e - mail zamora @ spanport . umass . edu if interested in organizing a session ( maximum three 20 - minute papers ) on a specific subject of spanish and portuguese theoretical or applied linguistics contact juan c . zamora no later than 1 october 1995 , at the above addresses .
 "",0
 991,""Subject: chinese romanization : gwoyeu romatzyh
  
  there is a web page explaining the rules of gwoyeu romatzyh , the system of chinese romanization devised by y . r . chao that features tonal spelling . the url for this page is http : / / weber . u . washington . edu / ~ yuenren / romatzyh . html david prager branner , yuen ren society asian l&l , do-21 , university of washington seattle , wa 98195 usa < charmii @ u . washington . edu > web : http : / / weber . u . washington . edu / ~ yuenren / circular . html
 "",0
 992,""Subject: efl position in israel
  
  i have been asked to post this job advertisement . please respond to the address in the ad . center for technological education affiliated with tel - aviv university the center for technological education in holon is in the process of establishing an english as a foreign language unit . the unit will provide the required english courses for all students of the center . it will be associated with the faculty of social sciences . we are currently looking to fill the position of head of this unit . the position carries a teaching load of twelve hours per semester as well as responsibility for the academic , professional and organizational aspects of the unit . in addition , scholarly activity and participation in the academic life of the faculty of the social sciences is expected . candidates should have a masters degree in a relevant domain as well as several years of teaching english as a foreign language at one of the universities in israel . scholarly activity , publications and organizational experience are also desirable . the initial appointment will most likely be at the level of ' moreh ' on the parallel academic track . interested candidates should send their cv , list of publications , and other relevant material to the efl search committee , c / o dalia man , center for technological education , p . o . box 305 , holon 58102 , israel . the process of selection will continue until the position is filled .
 "",0
 993,""Subject: job : english in keio univ ( 2nd posting )
  
  faculty position , keio university keio university 's faculty of science and technology wishes to announce the opening of a full-time position in english and related areas , beginning in april , 1996 . applicants should be native or near-native speakers of japanese , have graduated from a japanese university in english or a closely related field , have completed at least the course work for a doctoral degree in the humanities or social sciences , and have at least three years in research and teaching experience . the successful candidate will be appointed at the rank of tenured assistant professor ( shennin koushi ) . required documents to be submitted : 1 . curriculum vitae , according to the japanese style and format , with one photograph 2 . a list of research papers 3 . three sample publications , one of each , either originals or copies 4 . a description of the candidate 's future research plans ( approximately two a - 4 pages ) 5 . a statement of the candidate 's views regarding university english education ( approximately one a - 4 page ) deadline september 9 , 1995 ( the post cancellation mark will serve as validation . ) selection process candidates who pass the initial screening process will be invited of an interview ( travel and lodging will be at the applicant 's expense ) . direct notification of the date and other details will be subsequently provided . address to which applications and accompanying documents are to be sent : hiyoshi kyoumuka ( rikougakubu ) keio university 4 - 1 - 1 hiyoshi kouhoku - ku , yokohama 223 japan note 1 . applications and accompanying documents should be sent by registered mail , with a notice in red ink , preferably in japanese , noting their contents . 2 . applicants should be aware that the submitted materials cannot be returned . 3 . should you have any questions , please contact professor keiji nakano ( e - mail : a01057 @ cc . hc . keio . ac . jp ) .
 "",0
 994,""Subject: icslp 96
  
  = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = iiii ccccc sssss ll pppppp 999999 666666 ii cc cc ss ss ll pp pp 99 99 66 66 ii cc ss ll pp pp 99 99 66 ii cc sssssss ll pppppp 9999999 6666666 ii cc ss ll pp 99 66 66 ii cc cc ss ss ll pp 99 99 66 66 iiii ccccc sssss lllllll pp 999999 666666 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = fourth international conference on spoken language processing * * * * * * october 3 - 6 , 1996 wyndham franklin plaza hotel philadelphia , pa , usa * * * * * * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ icslp 96 organizers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ h . timothy bunnell , chair richard a . foulds , vice - chair applied science & engineering laboratories wilmington , de , usa * * * * * * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ icslp _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ icslp unites researchers , developers , and clinicians for an exchange on a wide variety of topics related to the spoken language processing of humans and machines . conference presentations range from basic acoustic phonetic research to clinically oriented speech training devices to speech-based natural language interfaces for man-machine interaction . icslp 96 will feature technical sessions of both oral and poster format , plenary talks , commercial exhibits , and daily special sessions . in addition , satellite workshops will be held in conjunction with the conference in the areas of interactive voice technology , spoken dialogue , speech databases and speech i / o , and gestures and speech . a new emphasis for icslp 96 will be on the clinical applications of speech technology , including the use of speech technology based applications for persons with disabilities . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conference update _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 / 10 / 95 dates to note : january 15 , 1996 - paper abstracts due for review march 15 , 1996 - acceptance notification may 1 , 1996 - deadline for papers ( camera-ready , 4 pages ) prospective authors are invited to submit papers relevant to spoken language processing in any of the conference technical areas . abstracts of proposed papers must be received by the icslp 96 organizing committee no later than january 15 , 1996 . papers will be selected by the icslp 96 technical program committee and assigned for presentation in poster or oral format . english is the working language for the conference . submission of an abstract implies a commitment to submit a four page , camera-ready version of the paper and to present the paper in either an oral or poster session if the abstract is accepted . participants will be expected to pay their own registration fees , travel , and accommodations for icslp 96 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ submission of abstracts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ abstracts must be received by the icslp 96 organizing committee no later than january 15 , 1996 . abstracts may be submitted either by post or by e-mail following these guidelines : + one page , 400 word maximum + technical area ( s ) indicated in order of preference using the codes ( a - x ) below . + title of the proposed paper clearly indicated + preference for paper or poster clearly indicated + if sent by post , submit four ( 4 ) copies of the abstract + if sent by e-mail , use plain text ( ascii ) format only each abstract must also include the following contact information : + author name ( s ) * + postal mailing address + phone number + fax number + e - mail address e - mailed abstracts will be acknowledged by e-mail within 48 hours of submission . if you do not receive e-mail confirmation , we have not received your abstract ! please check the e-mail address and resubmit . please do not e-mail multiple copies for any other reason . * please be sure that the primary contact person is noted if it is someone other than the first author . mail or send abstracts to : icslp 96 applied science & engineering laboratories a . i . dupont institute p . o . box 269 wilmington , de 19899 e - mail : icslp - abstract @ asel . udel . edu _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ technical areas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a . production of spoken language b . perception of spoken language c . robust speech modeling and speech enhancement d . speech coding and transmission e . automatic speech recognition f . spoken language processing for special populations g . phonetics and phonology h . spoken discourse analysis / synthesis i . synthesis of spoken language j . applications for people with speech / language / hearing disorders k . databases and standards for speech technology l . prosody of spoken language m . speech analysis and parameterization n . spoken language acquisition / learning o . integrating spoken language and natural language processing p . hardware for speech processing q . neural networks and stochastic modeling of spoken language r . dialects and speaking styles s . instructional technology for spoken language t . speaker / language identification and verification u . human factors and assessment in spoken language applications v . spoken language dialogue and conversation w . gesture and multimodal spoken language processing x . other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ satellite workshops _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the following satellite workshops will be held immediately before or after the icslp 96 conference . 1 . ivtta - the 3rd ieee workshop on interactive voice technology for telecommunications applications ( ivtta ) will be held at the at&t learning center , basking ridge , new jersey , from september 30 - october 1 , 1996 . the ivtta workshop brings together applications researchers planning to conduct or who have recently conducted field trials of new applications of speech technologies . due to workshop facility constraints , attendance will be limited primarily to contributors . for further information about the workshop , contact : dr . murray spiegel bellcore 445 south street morristown , nj , usa e-mail : spiegel @ bellcore . com phone : 1-201 - 829-4519 ; fax : 1-201 - 829-5963 submit abstracts ( 400 words , maximum 1 page ) before april 1 , 1996 to : dr . david roe ieee ivtta ` 96 at&t bell laboratories , room 2d-533 murray hill , nj 07974 e-mail : roe @ hogpb . att . com phone : 908 582-2548 ; fax : 908 582-3306 2 . issd-96 the 1996 international symposium on spoken dialogue ( issd-96 ) will be held on october 2 and 3 at the venue of icslp 96 . it is intended to be a forum of interdisciplinary exchange between researchers working on spoken dialogues from various points of view . the first day is devoted to invited lectures followed by sessions of both invited and contributed papers , which will be continued on the second day as special sessions of icslp 96 . papers submitted to icslp 96 ( technical areas h , l , o , u , &v ) may be selected for presentation at the symposium . for further information about the symposium , contact : prof . hiroya fujisaki , chairman , issd-96 dept . of applied electronics science university of tokyo 2641 yamazaki , noda , 278 japan e-mail : fujisaki @ te . noda . sut . ad . jp phone : + 81-471 - 23-4327 ; fax : + 81-471 - 22-9195 3 . cocosda workshop 96 cocosda workshop 96 will be held on monday , october 7 at the wyndham franklin plaza hotel . the international coordinating committee on speech databases and speech i / o systems assessment ( cocosda ) has been established to promote international cooperation in the fundamental areas of spoken language engineering . previous meetings have taken place in banff 1992 , berlin 1993 , yokohama 1994 and madrid 1995 . program and registration information for cocosda 96 will be forthcoming in later announcements . for more information about cocosda , consult the web page at http : / / www . itl . atr . co . jp / cocosda . 4 . workshop on gesture and speech the applied science and engineering laboratories of the university of delaware will host a workshop on multimodal use of gesture and speech october 7 - 8 , 1996 . this workshop will consider the integration of gesture and spoken language in intelligent human / computer interfaces , in advanced assisitve technology for individuals with disabilities , in telemanipulation and robotics systems , and in human conversation . gestures including hand postures , dynamic arm movements , facial expression , and eye gaze will be considered along with more traditional lip shapes and handwriting movements . for further information , contact : dr . lynn messing a . i . dupont institute p . o . box 269 wilmington , de 19899 e-mail : messing @ asel . udel . edu phone : + 1 302 651 6830 ; fax : + 1-302 - 651-6895 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sponsoring and cooperating organizations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the acoustical society of america american speech and hearing association ( pending ) the acoustical society of japan canadian acoustical association european speech communication association ieee signal processing society international phonetic association others - contact icslp 96 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information , contact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ icslp 96 applied science & engineering laboratories a . i . dupont institute p . o . box 269 wilmington , de 19899 phone : + 1 302 651 6830 tdd : + 1 302 651 6834 fax : + 1 302 651 6895 email : icslp96 @ asel . udel . edu www : http : / / www . asel . udel . edu / speech / icslp . html ftp : zeppo . asel . udel . edu : pub / icslp a two-page postscript format copy of the most recent conference announcement and call for papers can also be obtained by anonyomus ftp . connect to host zeppo . asel . udel . edu , cd to directory pub / icslp96 , and get call . ps . z in binary mode . the file must be uncompressed with a unix compatable uncompress program before being printed . this plain text version of the announcement is located in the same directory as file call . txt _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ international advisory board _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hiroya fujisaki science university of tokyo tokyo , japan jens blauert john ohala ruhr - universitat bochum university of california bochum , germany berkeley , ca , usa anne cutler lawrence rabiner max planck institute for at&t bell labs psycholinguistics murray hill , nj , usa nijmegen , the netherlands gunnar fant katsuhiko shirai royal institute of technology ( kth ) waseda university stockholm , sweden tokyo , japan john laver kenneth stevens humanities research board of massachusetts institute the british academy of technology edinburgh , scotland cambridge , ma , usa joseph mariani yoh ' ichi tohkura limsi-cnrs atr human information orsay , france processing research lab kyoto , japan j . bruce millar victor zue australian national university massachusetts institute canberra , australia of technology cambridge , ma , usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
 "",0
 995,""Subject: email address for w . dressler
  
  colleagues - we are trying to contact wolfgang dressler of vienna via email . does anyone know his address ( we have not been able to find it on the internet so far ) . thanks ! jb lowe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | john b . lowe , ph . d . | sino - tibetan etymological dictionary and | | department of linguistics | thesaurus project ( stedt ) : 510-643 - 9910 | | university of california | comparative bantu online dictionary | | 2337 dwinelle hall | project ( cbold ) : 510-643 - 5623 | | berkeley , ca 94720-2650 | fax : 510-643 - 9911 | | """" tat tvam asi """" | home : : 510-848 - 0651 | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",0
 996,""Subject: query : letter frequencies for text identification
  
  i am posting this inquiry for sergei atamas ( satamas @ umabnet . ab . umd . edu ) , a research associate at the university of maryland at baltimore . his field is molecular biology , and his work involves comparing dna strings using various algorithms . i do n't understand the details well enough to pass them along . at any rate , one such algorithm relies upon frequencies with which the letters g , a , t , and c occur in the dna strings . he would like to explore the analogous use of letter ( sound ) frequencies in natural language texts . hence this posting . specifically , sergei wonders if any linguist subscribers could help steer him to recent literature concerning text identification based on letter frequencies . any suggestions could be sent directly to him at the above address , or to me and i ' ll pass them along . he would also be interested in collaborative work if this research connects with the work of any linguists or text processing specialists . he observes that very often work in one field would actually help work in a far-removed field , if only people knew what was going on over there . george fowler george fowler gfowler @ indiana . edu [ email ] dept . of slavic languages * * 1-317 - 726-1482 [ home ] * * [ try here first ! ] ballantine 502 1-812 - 855-2624 / - 2608 / - 9906 [ dept . ] indiana university 1-812 - 855-2829 [ office ] bloomington , in 47405 usa 1-812 - 855-2107 [ dept . fax ]
 "",0
 997,""Subject: question on audio samples
  
  i am looking for audio samples of english speech spoken by non-native english speakers for some work in speech processing . i saw the posting by l . hiliman dated 8 / 3 / 95 dealing with english dialects . would anyone have any further suggestion regarding where i could find samples of english spoken with a foreign accent ? i will post responses to this query on the linguist list . thanks , monique fargues ece depart . naval postgraduate school monterey , ca 93943 , usa
 "",0
 998,""Subject: q : german linguistic terms
  
  does anybody know the german for hissing fricatives alias sibilants vs . hushing fricatives alias shibilants ? and also the term if any for the hissing-hushing fricatives ( like the polish s-acute , z-acute ) which russians call 's vistjashche-shipjashchie ' and georgian sisin-shishina ? alexis manaster ramer
 "",0
 999,""Subject: query : latin and romance
  
  the following hypothetical question has arisen in connection with what is possibly a real case of the same sort , but in another domain . suppose that latin had only occasionally been written down , and suppose that all latin texts , and indeed all knowledge of latin , had been totally lost long ago , apart perhaps from the odd place name or personal name , now of unknown significance . suppose further that only a single romance language had survived down to the present day - - say , galician , or gascon , or sicilian - - and that this variety had been written down for no more than four centuries and had never acquired any learned words from latin . in fact , to be on the safe side , let 's assume that the entire indo - european family had died out apart from this one romance language . now , suppose that a few fairly substantial latin texts happened to be dug up somewhere , none of them longer than about fifty words , with word-boundaries not systematically marked and the subject matter unknown ; these might have been written down over several centuries , but in no case later than the first century bc . knowing the alphabet , we would be able to read them at the phonological level , at least roughly , but at first the language would be utterly mysterious . so here 's my question . would it be possible for specialists in that last surviving romance language to establish that the recovered texts in fact represented an archaic form of that language , and would they be able to use their knowledge to interpret ( at least in part ) the texts themselves ? if anything turns up , i ' ll summarize the responses and explain what the point of this admittedly curious inquiry is . i ' m sending this query to both the linguist list and the ie list ; my apologies to those who receive it twice . larry trask cogs university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh england larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk
 "",0
 1000,""Subject: summary : borrowings or replacements of ' ear '
  
  some time i posted a query as to whether the term for ' ear ' is ever borrowed , or at least replaced by a neologism : here is a summary of the responses , for all of which i am very grateful and which i will again acknowledge in print , as the occasion presents ( an earlier summary contained other relevant discussion of the same topic ) : benji wald ( ibenawj @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu ) reports that in bantu the near-universal word for """" ear """" has the root * to . however , in sabaki ( kenyan coastal bantu , e . g . , swahili , pokomo , miji kenda ) the word is * sikilo ( e . g . , swahil sikio ) . this is based on the root * sikil """" hear """" ( e . g . swahili sikia ' hear ' ) ; the final - o is a bantu nominaliser . the most widespread bantu word for """" hear """" is not related to * sikil but has the morpheme * gu . thus in most of bantu the roots for """" ear """" and """" hear """" are not related . he also notes that some cushitic languages also derive ' ear ' from ' hear ' , somali deg """" ear """" deg-eyso """" hear """" , and suspects that the sabaki bantu construction for """" ear """" came about through contact , probably from cushitic . * * to this i would add that this also gives an example of replacement within afro - asiatic , of which cushitic is a part , since clearly this word is not related to , for example , the semitic word ( hebrew ozen , etc . ) - - amr * * bruce connell ( connellb @ vax . ox . ac . uk ) reports that , according to wilkins , david ( 1993 ) from part to person : natural tendencies of semantic change and the search for cognates . cognitive anthropology research group , max planck institute for psycholinguistics , working paper no . 23 : a ) semantic shift of ' ear ' to ' head ' is attested in bantu ; languages unspecified , but guthrie ( 1967-71 ) is ultimate source . b ) in dravidian , ' earring ' shifts to ' ear ' ; again languages unspecified , burrow and emaneau ( 1961 ) is ultimate source . i have also independently , i . e . , extra - linguist - ically , found out that laurent sagart argues that bai ( a minority language of china , i believe , whose genetic affiliations are controversial ) borrowed its word for ' ear ' from chinese , but that is not universally accepted . likewise , i have found an article by gregersen which assumes without detailed discussion that the vietnamese word for ' ear ' is borrowed from austronesian ( while this does not appear to be generally accepted either , it presumably at least indicates that the word in question is not a reflex of the mon - khmer prototype , and hence would be a replacement , but i have not yet checked this out ) . finally , i realized what i had been forgetting all along , namely , that many ( or is it all ? ) indo - aryan languages ( from sanskrit on down ) have a word for ' ear ' which is clearly not the indo - european word for ' ear ' , and hence a particularly clear example of a replacement . i thus still do not have an example of ' ear ' being borrowed which could be considered to be established beyond reasonable doubt , and would appreciate any references to such . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = in addition , i omitted the following response from my earlier summary of responses to a more general query about the borrowing of body part terms : h . a . y . wolf @ stud . let . ruu . nl ( henk wolf ) : dutch _ neus _ ( nose ) in west frisian has become an alternative to the native _ noas _ ( see breuker , p . et al ( 1984 ) , foar de taalspegel ; koart oersjoch fan holl ^ anske ynsl ^ upsels yn it frysk , ljouwert : afuk ) .
 "",0
 1001,""Subject: summary : adpositional uses of ' eye '
  
  in response to my query : > in languages where body part terms become adpositions , does > anybody know of examples where ' eye ' gives rise to some kind of > locative , such as ' on ' or ' in front of ' ? i received several very useful replies , for which many thanks . it transpires that numerous languages indeed do do this . specifics follow : alice faber ( faber @ lenny . haskins . yale . edu ) : biblical hebrew has _ b @ ' ene _ ( @ = schwa , ' = ayin ) , ' in front of ' , literally """" in the eyes of """" . i ' m not sure how transparent it would have been . . . jose alvarez """" pipo """" ( jalvar @ conicit . ve or jalvar @ luz . ve ) : in guajiro , an arawakan language spoken by some 300000 people in venezuela and colombia , - ' u is an inalienable noun meaning ' eye ' is also used as as a locative or temporal adposition in : jo ' u siki , lit . ' eye of the fire ' , tr . ' in the fire ' , jo ' u wanee ka ' i , lit . ' eye of one day ' , tr . ' on one day ' ( i omit the numerous other examples generously provided by dr . alvarez from this summary ) . chris culy ( culy @ csli . stanford . edu ) bambara ( mande ) and donno so ( dogon ) are at least close to what you are looking for . they both use """" eye """" together with a general postposition for """" in front of """" . some examples ( not in real orthography , but i can provide those as well ) . bambara : adama nye fe ( adama eye with ) ' in front of adama ' donno so : anta giru ne ( anta eye at / to ) ' in front of anta ' gabor gyori ( gyorig @ btk . jpte . hu ) in hungarian we have """" szemben """" ' opposite ' , e . g . """" a hazzal szemben """" ' opposite the house ' , where szem = eye + - ben = in ( haz = house + - val [ assimilated to - zal ] = with ) annette herskovits ( hersko @ bambam . wellesley . edu ) , referring , to papers by penelope brown and steve levinson on tzeltal mentions the use of _ sit _ ( ' eye ' ) as a locative but does not recall the specific meaning . willem j . de reuse ( wdereuse @ ccit . arizona . edu ) : in navajo , there is a postpositional stem - naal ( high tone on v , barred l ) meaning ' in the presence of ' , etymologically related to - naa ' ( high tone on v ) ' eye ' . see the young and morgan dictionary ( 1992 ) . also cognates in related languages such as apache . can also be translated as : ' in front of ' clifford l . lutton , jr . ( lexes @ mindspring . com ) suggests that the following english usages might be relevant : out there in the public 's eye reality is in the eye of the beholder out there satellites are keeping an eye on the site with an eye toward litigation with every eye upon him , he then see ghetto life through ghetto eyes [ out there or in ] in my [ mind ' s ] eyes , something is the situation hit america between the eyes in the [ minds ' ] eyes of the arab countries to take pictures or to eyeball [ locate ] it from 500 feet edit @ vms . huji . ac . il mentions a rather different usage , derived from ' eye ' , in modern hebrew : me - ' eyn ( lit . from-eye - of ) means ' a kind of ' . nicholas ostler ( nostler @ chibcha . demon . co . uk ) quotes some old grammars of chibcha / muisca : delante , en presencia . pedro ubana . . . upqua-fihistan . . . aunque el primero dice presencia , el segundo dice vista , y asi dice : m-upqua fihistan zos machiba , ponlo delante de tus ojos , llegalo a tusojos , o , llega la cosa a tus ojos para que la veas ( gonza ' lez de pe ' rez , mari ' a stella . 1987 . ' diccionario y grama ' tica chibcha ' - ms ano ' nimo de la biblioteca nacional de colombia . biblioteca ' ezequiel uricoechea ' 1 . bogota ' : instituto caro y cuervo . p . 230 ) . . . estos tres ultimos se dicen de cosa plana , y de cosa que propiamente no tiene asiento , como el aire ( quesada pacheco , miguel a . 1991 . vocabulario mosco . 1612 . estudios de lingu """" i 's tica chibcha , tomo x , 29-100 . editorial de la universidad de costa rica . 38v s . v . sobre : fihista fihistaca fihistana ) """" na """" or """" n """" is a postposition of static location """" m - """" is a 2nd person singular personal prefix there is no explicit plural marking in this language . """" uba """" means """" face """" """" upqua """" means """" eye """" """" fihista """" properly means """" chest """" but is commonly used as part of = a local periphrasis for """" on """" . finally , monica macaulay ( macaulay @ sage . cc . purdue . edu ) tells me that the 15 mixtec languages she looked at do not have this usage , although it is interesting to see the list of other body part terms so used : face , hand , insides / heart , stomach , back ( of a human ) , back ( of an animal ) / nape , head , mouth , side , chest , foot , buttocks , ear , waist , throat
 "",0
 1002,""Subject: re : 6 . 1119 , disc : kinship terms , re : 1113
  
  re steven straight 's comments , the brevity of son cannot be the sole factor involved , since dad and mom pattern with father and mother , while son is different ( it is not used as a true vocative but is used as the usually-postposed """" bonding """" form ) , and brother is different still , since it is not used in either way . moreover , the contrast between the - er terms and the - er-less son directly reflects the proto - indo - european * p @ te : r , * ma : te : r , * bhra : te : r , etc . , but * su : nus ( @ = schwa ) . alexis manaster ramer
 "",0
 1003,""Subject: re : kinship terms
  
  fwiw , i believe i ' ve heard """" bro """" in hawai ' ian pidgin in the early ' 70s . i would assume it has an independent origin there . it seemed like to be primarily used to refer to those of one 's own racial / ethnic group ( not necessarily kin ) , but could be extended to include even haoles ( like me ) .
 "",0
 1004,""Subject: re : 6 . 1110 , disc : kinship terms , re : 1100 , 1108
  
  david silva writes : > in writing about the lack of a single syllable vocative for """" brother """" ( a la > mom , dad , and sis ) , allan c wechsler notes that perhaps the bve term """" bro """" is > something to consider . well beyond the domain of black vernacular english , """" bro """" was certainly current , in fact required , for addressing a brother , either elder or younger ( i have both ) when i was at ' prep ' and ' public ' schools ( i . e . private schools ) in s . e . england in the 1960s . it could also be used attributively , e . g . """" my bro says . . . """" it felt equivalent to the practice , in respect of all the other boys , of addressing them by their surnames , ( a practice which was also standard at these schools until puberty ) . so it was definitely a form of address acquired outside the family . i have n't heard it , or used it , since . i ' ve never used """" sis """" to or of my sister ; """" sissie """" ( cissie ? ) was always been a term used to insult a boy who seemed insufficiently tough : e . g . """" oh you cissie ! """" apparently my granduncles called my grandmother affectionately """" sis ( sie ) """" in the 1900s . ( here , though , the situation was complicated by the fact that her given name was christine , which they seemed to think shortened to cis . ) marginal uses , only , it seems . nicholas ostler linguacubun ltd 17 oakley road london n1 3ll + 44-171 - 704-1481 nostler @ chibcha . demon . co . uk
 "",0
 1005,""Subject: call : field reports / endangered lgs . at lsa ' 96
  
  [ this is a reposted message from the linguistic society of america ( lsa ) 's committee on endangered languages and their preservation . please note that the deadline for submission is * * september 1 , 1995 * * . - - tony woodbury ] call for abstracts field reports / endangered languages lsa annual meeting , san diego , january 4 - 7 , 1996 at last year 's lsa meeting in new orleans , the committee on endangered languages and their preservation presented a two-part organized session titled ' field reports / endangered languages . ' beginning this year , ' field reports / endangered languages ' is listed on the lsa ' abstract submittal form ' as one of the ' primary area [ s ] of linguistics ' addressed by regular submissions to the lsa annual meeting in san diego . if enough abstracts designating this category are accepted , then ' field reports / endangered languages ' may be the title of one or more regular sessions at the meeting . papers in this category are expected to report on the results of recent field work , especially ( but not necessarily ) on languages that are endangered , and to focus on any of the major themes in the work of field linguists . these include : ( a ) the scientific importance of specific field results , including new phenomena or facts ; ( b ) the nature of language endangerment and shift , such as the sociolinguistics of endangered languages communities , the distribution and speaker strength of languages or dialects in a given area , or attitudes toward language death ; ( c ) the ways communities and linguists have responded to these conditions , including language preservation or revitalization efforts ; ( d ) methodological issues , such as dictionary making , natural text representation , survey methods ; and ( e ) ethical issues . abstracts designating this category should indicate briefly the communities and languages involved , the vitality of the language , the nature , goals , and location of the field work , and major prior linguistic documentation ( if any ) . because the society for the study of the indigenous languages of the americas ( ssila ) will meet jointly with the lsa in 1996 , it is hoped that field reports / endangered languages session ( s ) this year will have a complementary focus on languages of africa , eurasia , and oceania , as well as languages of predominantly non - native communities in the americas ( e . g . , sign languages , pidgins / creoles , and varieties of overseas languages ) . accordingly , those with reports on native american languages are encouraged to submit them to ssila if at all possible . the deadline for receipt of abstracts is * sept . 1 , 1995 * . please note that ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ this date is a week and a half earlier than in previous years . like all submissions , these abstracts will be reviewed by the lsa program committee in consultation with outside referees . submission is open to any lsa member . for further details see the _ lsa bulletin _ , no . 146 , december , 1994 , pp . 61-66 . the committee on endangered languages and their preservation considers it vitally important that this new category be supported by a strong complement of abstract submissions from interested lsa members . this is the only way for """" field reports / endangered languages """" to become an established part of lsa programs in years to come . please direct any questions to tony woodbury ( email : acw @ mail . utexas . edu ; phone : ( 512 ) 471-1701 or ( 512 ) 472-5305 . ) end of message
 "",0
 1006,""Subject: first israeli seminar on computational linguistics
  
  call for participation first israeli seminar on computational linguistics laboratory of computational linguistics department of computer science technion , haifa february 16 , 1995 the seminar is intended to bring together researchers and practitioners in all areas of computational linguistics ( or natural language processing ) , and also in related areas such as formal linguistics , theoretical linguistics , cognitive science etc . its main objective is exposition of the kind of work that is carried out in both academia and industry in israel in those fields . it is hoped that as a result from such a gathering , more cooperation among different sites will emerge ; resources will be shared ; and the entire field will become more prominent . the seminar will also serve as a means to introduce the area to graduate students who are attracted to it but are unaware of the possibilities of majoring in it . in this first seminar the format of future meetings will be defined . hopefully , it will be the first in a series of periodic gatherings . some speakers will survey various ongoing activities in israel ; some projects will be described in more details . the possibility of creating a more formal organization will be discussed . programme ( tentative ) 13 : 00 - - 13 : 30 coffee 13 : 30 - - 13 : 45 opening remarks 13 : 45 - - 15 : 00 i nissim francez , technion uzzi ornan , technion dani cohen , tovna ltd . 15 : 00 - - 15 : 30 break 15 : 30 - - 16 : 45 ii yaacov choueka , bar ilan university michael elhadad , ben gurion university ido dagan , bar ilan university 16 : 45 - - 17 : 30 discussion for more details please contact : shuly wintner department of computer science , technion 32000 haifa phone : 04-294315 fax : 04-294353 email : shuly @ cs . technion . ac . il
 "",0
 1007,""Subject: summary : english as isolating lg
  
  in linguist list : vol-6 - 1095 ( aug . 7 , 95 ) , i asked the following question . i ' ve received 3 responses from readers . i want to say thank you very much to alan juffs , steve matthews , and john j mccarthy . here is a summary of them . > > dear collegues , > > sometimes i ' ve heard that english is becoming more the > > isolating language from the inflecting one typologically . > > i would like to know the discussion aboout the phenomena > > or actual evidences to explain this argument . > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - < comment & references from alan juffs ( juffs @ isp . pitt . edu ) > you might look at len talmy 's work ; he considers english to be a satellite framed language . however , there are numerous verbs in english which also 's quash ' a lot of meaning into a root . you might also consider looking at levin and rappaport on unaccusatives and causativity . levin , b . , & rappaport hovav , m . ( 1995 ) . unaccusativity : at the syntax-lexical semantics interface . cambridge , ma : mit press . levin , b . , & rappaport - hovav , m . ( 1994 ) . a preliminary analysis of causative verbs in english . in l . gleitman & b . landau ( eds . ) , the lexicon in acquisition ( pp . 35-80 ) . cambridge , ma : mit press . talmy , l . ( 1985 ) . lexicalization patterns : semantic structure in lexical patterns . in t . shopen ( eds . ) , language typology and syntactic description ( pp . 57-149 ) . cambridge : cambridge university press . talmy , l . ( 1991 ) . path to realization : a typology of event conflation . in proceedings of the berkeley linguistics society , 17 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - < references & comments from steve matthews ( matthews @ hkucc . hku . hk ) > a useful discussion of the loss of inflectional morphology is in the first 2 chapters of john hawkins ' """" a comparative typology of english and german """" . he describes how english has retained a proper subset of the morphology that german has ( p . 12 ) . although he does n't appeal directly to isolating typology , his points could be taken to illustrate the claim you mention . there is also some useful discussion of morphological types in andrew carstairs - mccarthy 's """" current morphology """" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - < comments from john j mccarthy ( jmccarthy @ linguist . umass . edu ) > . . . . . . . the reason why english is said to have changed from a more inflecting to a more isolating language is primarily the loss of case marking in nouns ( except for pronouns ) and the loss of person / number marking in verbs ( except for the 3rd person singular present and the verb ' be ' ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",0
 1008,""Subject: preliminary announcement of jakobson conference in bulgarian
  
  > date : tues , 01 aug 95 13 : 59 : 56 > from : < crudin @ wscgate . wsc . edu > > subject : conference in bulgaria > a slavic linguistics conference in honor of the 100th > anniversary of jakobson 's birth is being organized for next > may , near the end of the month , in bulgaria . > > an official call for papers will be forthcoming eventually > - - in the meantime , all interested slavists are encouraged > to contact iskra likomanova ( iskra @ bgearn . bitnet ) for > further information and a personal invitation . > > ( she was n't specific , but i take it this is under the > auspices of the bulgarsko slavistichno druzhestvo and / or > universitet kliment ohridski in sofia . ) > > thanks , catherine ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ george fowler gfowler @ indiana . edu [ email ] dept . of slavic languages * * 1-317 - 726-1482 [ home ] * * [ try here first ! ] ballantine 502 1-812 - 855-2624 / - 2608 / - 9906 [ dept . ] indiana university 1-812 - 855-2829 [ office ] bloomington , in 47405 usa 1-812 - 855-2107 [ dept . fax ] ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
 "",0
 1009,""Subject: penn working papers
  
  * * * penn working papers in linguistics volume 2 spring 1995 * * * the university of pennsylvania linguistics club is pleased to announce the publication of volume 2 of the penn working papers in linguistics . articles appearing in volume 2 are : verb movement in kashmiri rajesh bhatt clitics and island effects sabine iatridou adding to the inventory : contemplating anti - perfect marking in french antillean creoles jon f . pressman nominative - accusative syncretism and syntactic case don ringe null subjects in early child english and the theory of economy of projection bernhard rohrbacher and tom roeper the distribution of object clitics in koine greek ann taylor functional projections in finnish non - finite constructions anne vainikka copies of this volume are $ 12 apiece . we also have subscriptions available ( volumes 1 and 2 ) for $ 18 . checks should be made payable to ` ` penn linguistics club ' ' and orders may be sent to the editors at : working papers department of linguistics 619 williams hall university of pennsylvania philadelphia , pa 19104-6305 . the editorial committee roumyana izvorski victoria tredinnick ( working-papers @ ling . upenn . edu )
 "",0
 1010,""Subject: summary : german terms for sibilant , shibilant , etc .
  
  just the other day i asked if anybody knew the german terms for sibilant , shibilant , and the category of sound which russian , georgian , etc . linguists know as , in effect , 's ibilant-shibilant ' ( of which the polish s-acute , c-acute , and z-acute , orthographically speaking , are examples ) . peter daniels noted that older german works on semitology do not use any special terms . carsten breul reported sibilant and schibilant , and also , for the former , zischlaut ( one wishes it were * zisslaut , but languages are only human ! ) . a source off linguist tells me that a shibilant is also a rauschlaut , although carsten tells me this does not appear to be a widespread usage ( but thinks it sounds very suitable ) . so , zischlaut and rauschlaut it is . but i guess there is still the problem of the remaining category ( which has names in russian and georgian , but not to my knowledge in english , french , or german ) . maybe we should collectively try to come up with something for each of these languages ? alexis manaster ramer
 "",0
 1011,""Subject: summary : translation of philosophical texts , textual criticism
  
  the following list contains all references i got in the various , although regrettably not too many , responses to my query concerning the application of translational theory to philosophical texts and issues in textual criticism : aland , aland 1987 - kurt aland and barbara aland : the text of the new testament : an introduction to the critical editions and to the theory and practice of modern textual criticism , trans . by erroll f . rhodes . grand rapids , mi : eerdmans publishing co . baker - mona baker : in other words . ( a text for teaching translation , including the teaching of the effect of context and discuourse analysis on translation . ) hewson , martin 1991 - ? hewson , ? martin : redefining translation : the variational approach . routledge . london . iser 1978 - ? iser : the act of reading : a theory of asthetic response . johns hopkins university press ; baltimore . jauss 1982 - ? jauss : toward an asthetic of reception . harvester press ; brighton . mc carter 1986 - p . kyle mccarter : textual criticism : recovering the text of the hebrew bible ( philadelphia : fortress press , 1986 ) metzger 19 ? ? - bruce metzger : the text of the new testament : its transmission , corruption and restoration , oup neubert , shreve 1992 - ? neubert , ? shreve : translation as text . kent state university press . kent , ohio . snell - hornby 1988 - m . snell - hornby : translation studies : an integrated approach . john benjamins ; amsterdam - see esp . pp 13-22 on the illusion of equivalence . west 1973 - martin l . west : textual criticism and editorial technique applicable to greek and latin texts . b . g . teubner , 1973 . further information i gathered : i was told that what i called """" textual criticism """" is , nowadays , more commonly referred to as """" scholarly editing """" . another reference brought me to the interpreting ancient manuscripts web at http : / / www . stg . brown . edu / projects / mss / overview . html , which is devoted to new testament textual criticism ( and was very helpful , indeed ) . although i am confident that a thorough reading of at least some of the above-given sources will no doubt broaden my horizon and deepen my understanding immensely , my curiosity about the translation of philosophical texts still remains largely unsatisfied for the moment . to clarify what this curiosity is all about - here is what i consider to be peculiar to and characteristic for the translation of philosophical texts , say , some generalized observation from my specific situation as translating ancient indian and tibetan philosophical texts . - the """" temptation of consistency """" . once a text is acknowledged as being a philosophical work , it is invariably presupposed that it is consistent , coherent , and thoroughly rational . the author is not supposed to make self-contradictory statements unless some assumptions of the philosophy in question provide an explanation for these . while this presupposition is necessary and adequate to a certain extent , it tends to yield rather questionable results when uncritically combined with the """" temptation of evaluation """" , or the """" temptation of justification """" . especially when translating philosophical texts from foreign , """" exotic """" cultures , the translation does not only present itself as a translation , but also as an argument why the text in question merits translation in the first place . in other words : because of the marginalization of """" exotic """" philosophy - in the introductory classes of philosophy i got to hear at university , i was still told that there is no philosophy to the east of greece - , a translation has to justify its appearance by justifying that the translated text contributes to a presupposed universal philosophy in a relevant manner . this is highly problematic for various reasons . the specific factor i have in mind , however , is that , when a translator has decided upon translating an """" exotic """" philosophical text , the value and content of the text are beyond questioning - its philosophical character and quality are presupposed to an extent which can severely damage and undermine the very project of translation . """" mistakes """" which the author made ( statements which would render the text less valuable for comparative philosophy ) are tacitly """" corrected """" ( read : deleted ) , terminology is adjusted etc . - this phenomenon itself is grounded in the personal union of translator and historician , translator and interpreter , translator and commentator . while a translation of a novel can be done by one person , who is a translator in a more technical sense , and can be thoroughly researched in its historical impact by somebody else , who is a literature-historian , this is not only uncommon in the field of comparative philosophy ( or the study of other cultures ' philosophies ) , but also hardly feasible - for in most cases , even the philological constitution of the texts in question has to be informed by the interpretation . this results in a quite difficult ( and peculiar ) position of translation in the whole hermeneutical process - in most cases , the translation will serve as a """" second-language """" - commentary to the translated texts , not presenting an otherwise inaccessible philosophical text in its own right to those who do not understand the source-language , but a ) justifying the constitution of the text , b ) clarifying the interpretation on part of the translator and c ) ( see above ) justifying the project of translation for those who not only do understand the source-language , but who are already basically familiar with the historical and philosophical environment . in this context , translation loses much of its """" mediating """" function between two languages , but becomes a tool of explanation , which , in some contexts , can even be dismissed with ( i have seen and heard many specialists in indian philosophy whose explanations are basically made up of sanskrit terms , only vaguely connected by english copula ) . while this can naturally be explained on account of different target audiences ( translations for specialists will be different from translations for non-specialists ) , i find that this different function of translation is not recognized within the """" specialists ' """" group at all . in other words : criteria which would apply to judging a translation in a broader context ( e . g . a translation of a novel ) are applied to translations which are carried out in this specific context , without even considering a possible difference in the pragmatic environment . i would thoroughly appreciate any opinions on this , birgit kellner institute for indian philosophy university of hiroshima
 "",0
 1012,""Subject: linguistic impact of the internet
  
  i am very interested in studying the linguistic impact of the internet . however , i have not been able to locate a phd program or professor that shares my interest . i have also found it difficult to locate any published materials on the topic ( besides the occasional ny times article ) . i ' m hoping for some direction . bill miller br00293 @ bingsuns . cc . binghamton . edu
 "",0
 1013,""Subject: phoneme bigrams
  
  i am new to this list so i would like to say hello . i am working on speech comprehension in the psychology dept at york university . specifically i am looking at prosody and word boundary detection . i have a request . does anyone know where i can get a list of phoneme bigram ( and trigram possibly ) frequencies in english . all the counts that i have found are for letter bigrams not phonemes . can you help ? thanks very much , andy lloyd andy lloyd tel : 0904 433159 psychology department fax : 0904 433181 university of york york yo1 5dd email : ajl100 @ tower . york . ac . uk
 "",0
 1014,""Subject: english parser / tagger
  
  i ' m looking for a good lemmatizer for english and / or a lemmatized corpus . any hints ? thanks in advance . marc
 "",0
 1015,""Subject: summary of sociolinguistics course syllabi
  
  dear subscribers , a shamefully long while back , i posted a request for syllabi for sociolinguistics courses . here , finally , is a summary of what i received . thanks to kate remlinger , ellen l . contini - morava , and ronald cosper for their responses , and apologies to everyone for the tardiness of this posting . best , seth minkoff seth @ mit . edu _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you might find the collection of syllabi published by coswl ( the committee on the status of women in linguistics ) helpful . i am not sure how to obtain a copy . the lsa secretariat might be able to help . kathryn remlinger karemlin @ mtu . edu department of humanities michigan technological uuniversity 1400 townsend drive houghton , mi 49931 ( 906 ) 487-3274 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hello , here 's a syllabus for a course i do at the univ . of virginia . it 's aimed at mid-level undergraduates , mostly but not all anthropology majors , and usually students who have no previous linguistics courses , averages about 60-70 students . i would have sent the one from last spring but could n't find the file ( my hard drive got eaten recently ) . there is one change that will probably be permanent : instead of trudgill 's textbook i ' ve substituted nancy bonvillain , language , culture , and communication , prentice hall 1993 . it 's more anthropologically oriented than trudgill , who is of the labovian - sociological school ; also bonvillain includes some rudimentary linguistics , useful for those who have n't had any . here it is . hope it 's not too late to be useful . with best regards , ellen contini - morava anthropology 341 / 741 introduction to sociolinguistics spring 1993 instructor : ellen contini - morava books ( all required reading ) : deborah tannen , you just do n't understand : women and men in conversation . ballantine books , 1990 . peter trudgill , sociolinguistics . penguin , 1983 . [ textbook ] martha coonfield ward , them children : a study in language learning . university press of america , 1971 . in addition to the above books , required readings will include a packet of xeroxed articles available at inprint on elliewood avenue . note : one copy of each book , and one copy of the xeroxed packet , will be placed on reserve in clemons library . requirements : a mid-term and a final , both open-book , take-home essay question exams , and a field project , whose topic and methodology should be discussed with me before spring break . the exams and the field project will each count for one third of the final grade . [ 741 students will write a research paper , approximately 20 pages in length , in addition to the above requirements . the field project may be incorporated into the paper , and the paper will count for one half of the final grade . ] course description : the field of sociolinguistics deals with ways in which language serves to define and maintain group identity and social relationships among speakers . particular topics to be covered in this course include : i . regional and social variation in language . how language reflects and maintains social stratification . the consequences of social attitudes toward linguistic features and the speakers associated with them . standard and non-standard dialects . ii . language and ethnicity . language as a marker of ethnic identity . controversies over """" black english """" : linguistic definition , social functions , history . problems in interethnic communication . language and ethnic diversity in the classroom . iii . language , sex and gender . do men and women speak different """" languages """" ? what verbal and non-verbal features mark the sex of a speaker ? gender and communicative style . representations of gender in advertising . sexism and sex-stereotyping in language . iv . language and social context . formal and informal speech styles : linguistic and social definitions . reciprocal and non-reciprocal forms of address . diglossia and bilingualism . the relation between means of expression and social meaning . language , power , and solidarity . v . languages in contact . pidgin and creole languages : structure , origins and social functions . political and social factors affecting language choice in multilingual or developing nations ( including ours ) . the fate of minority languages in this and other countries . vi . applied sociolinguistics . language planning : intervention in language change . multilingualism and education . how language affects health care . language in the courtroom . language and mass media : the linguistic representation of """" news """" . syllabus jan . 16 preface . 1 / 21 introduction . trudgill ch . 1 wolfram , walt , """" varieties of american english """" . from c . a . ferguson and s . b . heath ( eds . ) language in the usa . cambridge university press 1981 . 1 / 23 language and social attitudes . labov , william , """" general attitudes toward the speech of new york city . """" from r . w . bailey and j . l . robinson ( eds . ) , varieties of present-day english . macmillan , 1972 . underwood , gary , """" how you sound to an arkansawyer """" . american speech 49 . 3 / 4 : 208-216 ( 1974 ) . 1 / 28 language and social class . trudgill ch . 2 labov , william , """" the logic of non-standard english """" . georgetown monographs in languages and linguistics no . 22 ( 1969 ) . 1 / 30 language and ethnicity . trudgill ch . 3 spears , a . """" black american english """" in jonetta cole ( ed . ) anthropology for the nineties . new york : free press 1988 . stanback , m . """" language and black woman 's place : evidence from the black middle class """" . from p . treichler , c . kramarae , b . stafford ( eds . ) for alma mater : theory and practice in feminist scholarship . univ . of illinois press , 1985 . feb . 4 ethnicity and communicative style . mitchell - kernan , claudia , """" signifying , loud-talking and marking """" . from kochman , t . ( ed . ) rappin ' and stylin ' out : communication in urban black america . univ . of illinois press , 1972 . schiffrin , deborah , """" jewish argument as sociability """" . language in society 13 : 311-335 , 1984 . 2 / 6 language , ethnicity and the classroom . smitherman , geneva , """" where do we go from here ? t . c . b . ! """" from talkin and testifyin : the language of black america . boston : houghton mifflin 1977 . philips , susan u . """" participant structures and communicative competence : warm springs children in community and classroom . """" from c . cazden , v . john and d . hymes ( eds . ) , functions of language in the classroom . new york : teachers college press , 1972 . 2 / 11 - 2 / 13 ethnicity , social class , and language learning . ward , them children ( textbook ) . 2 / 18 - 2 / 20 language and gender . trudgill ch . 4 tannen , you just do n't understand ( textbook ) . 2 / 25 language and gender : cross-cultural perspectives . keesing , r . """" kwaio women speak : the micropolitics of autobiography in a solomon island society """" . american anthropologist 87 . 1 ( 1985 ) pp . 27-39 . keenan , elinor ochs , """" norm - makers , norm-breakers : uses of speech by men and women in a malagasy community """" . in r . bauman and j . sherzer ( eds . ) explorations in the ethnography of speaking . cambridge university press , 1974 . 2 / 27 sexism and sex-stereotyping in language . schulz , m . """" the semantic derogation of woman """" . in b . thorne and n . henley ( eds . ) language and sex : difference and dominance . rowley , ma : newbury house , 1975 satire , w . ( alias w . hofstadter ) , """" a person paper on purity in language """" . metamagical themas . new york : basic books 1985 . take-home midterm handed out . due by 12 : 30 pm tuesday , march 3 . ground rules for the exam : this is an open-book test , so texts and lecture notes may be consulted in preparing the answers , but the test may not be discussed with anyone . the test must be pledged , and returned to me at the beginning of class . tests returned later than the deadline , left in my mailbox , under my door , on car windshield etc . will not be accepted ( i . e . will receive a grade of f ) . no time extensions except in ( documented ) cases of emergency , and only with permission from me in person . leaving a message on my answering machine , office door , or with the department secretary does not guarantee that an extension will be granted . mar . 3 language and social context , overview . trudgill ch . 5 . take home midterm due at beginning of class . 3 / 5 language and social context : theoretical perspectives . hymes , dell , """" models of the interaction of language and social life . """" from j . j . gumperz and d . hymes ( eds . ) directions in sociolinguistics . holt , rinehart and winston , 1972 . 3 / 10 language / context : forms of address . e . bates and l . benigni , """" rules of address in italy : a sociological survey """" . language in society 4 . 3 ( 1975 ) , pp . 271-288 . field project proposals due 3 / 12 language / context : choice of code . ferguson , charles , """" sports announcer talk """" . language in society 12 : 153-172 , 1983 . abu - lughod , l . """" honor and the sentiments of loss in a bedouin society """" . american ethnologist 12 . 2 ( 1985 ) . 3 / 17 - 3 / 19 spring break 3 / 24 language / context : silence . basso , keith , """" to give up on words : silence in western apache culture """" . southwestern journal of anthropology 26 : 213-30 , 1970 . sansom , b . """" the sick who do not speak . """" in d . parkin ( ed . ) , semantic anthropology . academic press 1983 . 3 / 26 language / context : social norms . goffman , erving , """" the lecture """" . from forms of talk . university of pennsylvania press 1981 . 3 / 31 theoretical perspectives ii . trudgill ch . 6 . bernstein , basil , """" a sociolinguistic approach to socialization . """" from j . j . gumperz and d . hymes ( eds . ) directions in sociolinguistics . holt , rinehart and winston , 1972 . apr . 2 languages in contact : bilingualism and multilingualism . heller , monica , """" bonjour , hello ? negotiations of language choice in montreal . """" in gumperz , j . ( ed . ) communication , language and social identity . cambridge university press , 1982 . mkilifi , m . h . a . """" triglossia and swahili - english bilingualism in tanzania . """" language in society 1 : 197-213 , 1972 . 4 / 7 languages in contact : pidgins and creoles . trudgill ch . 8 . crowley , t . and b . rigsby , """" cape york creole """" . in t . shopen ( ed . ) , languages and their status . univ . of pennsylvania press , 1987 . 4 / 9 pidgins and creoles ( cont . ) stewart , w . """" creole languages in the caribbean """" . from rice , f . a . ( ed . ) study of the role of second languages in asia , africa , and latin america . washington , dc : center for applied linguistics , 1962 . sistren with honor ford smith , """" ole massa and me """" . from lionheart gal . sister vision , black women and women of colour press , box 217 , station e , toronto , ontario , m6h 4e2 , canada . 4 / 14 language dominance : native and immigrant languages in the us . darnell , r . """" the language of power in cree interethnic communication . """" from wolfson , n . and j . manes ( eds . ) , language of inequality . berlin : mouton de gruyter , 1985 . fishman , j . """" the lively life of a 'd ead ' language ( or ' everyone knows that yiddish died long ago ' ) """" . from wolfson and manes ( see preceding for full reference ) . 4 / 16 applied sociolinguistics : language planning . trudgill ch . 7 . ferguson , charles , """" on sociolinguistically oriented language surveys . """" from s . ohannessian , c . ferguson and e . polom ( eds . ) , language surveys in developing nations . washington , dc : center for applied linguistics , 1975 . 4 / 21 applied sociolinguistics : language and inequality . walker , a . g . h . , """" applied sociology of language : vernacular languages and education . """" in p . trudgill ( ed . ) applied sociolinguistics . london ; orlando : academic , 1984 . fisher , s . and a . todd , """" friendly persuasion : negotiating decisions to use oral contraceptives """" . in fisher and todd ( eds . ) discouse and institutional authority : medicine , education , and law . norwood , nj : ablex 1986 . 4 / 23 language and inequality ( cont . ) : the courts , the media . o'barr , w . """" speech styles in the courtroom """" . from linguistic evidence : language , power , and strategy in the courtroom . academic press , 1982 . van dijk , teun , """" mediating racism : the role of the media in the reproduction of racism . """" in ruth wodak ( ed . ) language , power , and ideology . john benjamins , 1989 . 4 / 28 review , discussion , oral reports . field projects due . ( same policy applies as for midterm , see 2 / 27 . ) final exam handed out . due by 5 pm wednesday , may 6 . return to secretary in anthropology department office , 303 brooks hall . in other respects same policy applies as for midterm , see 2 / 27 . =
 "",0
 1016,""Subject: eskimo snow and scottish rain
  
  i do n't know about eskimo words for snow , but scottish gaelic has a special word """" turadh """" for when it stops raining ! compare : tha an t-uisge ann . is the water in it """" it is raining """" tha an turadh ann . is the dry-spell in it """" it has stopped raining . """" also : rinn e turadh san fheasgar . made it a dry-spell in the afternoon """" it stopped raining ( for a while ) in the afternoon . kevin donnelly
 "",0
 1017,""Subject: re : 5 . 1470 open letter to _ language _
  
  dear colleagues . i also wish to request at least a review of the work * opyt sravnenija nostraticheskix jazykov * of the late v . m . illich - svitych . right now there are folks very much interested in the idea of * nostratic hypothesis * . i am one of those . dr . jacob caflisch , sr . theoretical linguistics & slavics sometime director , polish program univ . of south florida tampa 33620 .
 "",0
 1018,""Subject: re : 6 . 100 sum : ipa history & haceks ,
  
  stemberger suggests that north american linguists who use haceks are following a tradition which is just as international as that of the international phonetic association , which he labels a western european organization . even a cursory glance at the ipa membership list would have shown him that the ipa is an international body , with many north american members . it is governed by an elected council , with over half the members coming from outside western europe , several of the council being from the united states , others from eastern europe ( poland and russia ) , and others from china , japan , australia , finland , south africa , and nigeria . it is the north american linguists who use diverse symbols who are not following truly international conventions . having said that , let me say that i happen to agree with him that it would be appropriate to use haceks for palato-alveolar sounds . the hacek would then be a diacritic marking a natural class of sounds . i proposed this at the 1989 kiel convention of the ipa , but i was voted down by my more conservative colleagues , who consider it important to keep the ipa as stable as possible . i see their point of view , but prefer mine . nevertheless there is no point in having democratically approved international standards unless one keeps to them , so i will reluctantly avoid haceks . peter ladefoged
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 1019,""Subject: call for papers - - - jengl
  
  call for papers journal of english linguistics one of the few linguistics journals dedicated to presenting primarily empirical work , the journal of english linguistics is now being published by sage periodicals press , a leading international publisher of scholarly books and journals in the social sciences . the editors , william a . kretzschmar , jr . , and charles f . meyer , continue to invite submissions on the modern and historical periods of the english language . the journal of english linguistics normally prints synchronic and diachronic studies on subjects from old and middle english , to modern english grammar , corpus linguistics , and dialectology . other topics , for example , from language contact , to pidgins / creoles , or stylistics are acceptable if the article keeps its focus on the english language . articles normally range from 10 to 25 pages in typescript ( up to about 50kb on disk ) . submission to the journal of english linguistics implies that your article has n't been simultaneously submitted to other journals or previously published elsewhere . as a new feature beginning with the first sage issue , volume 24 , the journal of english linguistics will publish special issues ( monographs or topical collections of articles appropriate to the journal that are up to approximately 100 printed pages ) . these special issues should treat methodology or present results of model studies . all methodological issues should be fully illustrated with particular examples from empirical research , and should present documentation complete enough for readers themselves to use the methods described . model studies should fully describe data acquisition and analysis , as well as present detailed results and conclusions . proposals for special issues of the journal of english linguistics should be sent to the editor . the journal will continue to review titles in general and historical linguistics , language variation , sociolinguistics , and dialectology for an international audience . unsolicited reviews cannot be considered . books for review and correspondence regarding reviews should be sent to the editor . all submissions should be prepared according to the chicago manual of style , 14th ed . submissions are juried . send all mss to the editor : provide a textfile produced by any common ibm - compatible word processor , on diskette or via electronic mail ( mac users should submit a pure ascii file ) , plus two copies of a formatted printout . all other editorial correspondence should be addressed to the editor . william a . kretzschmar , jr . editor , journal of english linguistics university of georgia , athens , ga 30602-6205 tel : ( 706 ) 542-2246 email : billk @ atlas . uga . edu
 "",0
 1020,""Subject: sum : v - initial languages
  
  several weeks ago i posted a query in connection with the exceedingly frequent vowel-initial lexical items of basque , in which perhaps 50 % of native nouns and adjectives are v - initial ( i exclude verbs , since ancient verbs almost invariably show a prefix * / e - / in their non-finite forms . ) i asked whether other languages ( apart from the initial-dropping languages of australia ) show a comparable frequency of initial vowels and , if so , whether a historical explanation is known . i was particularly interested in hearing about possible cases of the lenition and loss of initial voiceless plosives , an explanation proposed for an ancient stage of basque by andre ' martinet . one respondent queried whether there was adequate statistical evidence to assert that the basque case is indeed unusual . i know of no such evidence , and indeed one of my purposes was to try to find out whether basque is really as unusual as is commonly believed by vasconists . the following languages were cited in the responses . polynesian : the proto - austronesian consonant system has undergone considerable attrition in the polynesian languages , which today exhibit between eight and twelve consonants apiece . in hawaiian , in which proto - polynesian * / h / and * / ? / have been categorically lost , v - initial words appear to be rather common . but i could not find any explicit discussion of this , and my impression of such hawaiian texts as i could find is that the proportion of v - initial words probably does not approach 40 % , though i am ready to be corrected on this . niger-congo : initial vowels are frequent in a number of west african languages which are not closely related ; the initial vowels generally appear to be of morphological origin . there is uncertainty as to whether the vowels are fossilized noun-class prefixes ( the most popular explanation ) or the residue of derivational processes , such as for making agentive nouns out of verbs . in the cross river languages of nigeria , most nouns are v - initial ; in some of these languages , virtually all nouns are . here it seems clear that the initial vs are fossilizations of ancient noun-class prefixes , in most cases derived from original cv - prefixes by loss of the c . in at least some of these languages , most verb forms are also v - initial , but only because the presence of fully functional agreement markers . benue - congo languages generally lack a distinct class of adjectives . in some benue - congo languages , and especially in some bantu languages , cv - prefixes have instead been augmented for morphological reasons to yield vcv - prefixes , again producing frequent initial vowels . ancient noun-class prefixes appear to be recoverable to varying extents in many niger - congo languages , especially in bantu . importantly , the original semantic values of the prefixes can often be determined , though this is not always the case . the kwa language ( bini ) edo is unusual in that every single noun must begin with a vowel , so that even c - initial loans from english have vowels prefixed , apparently purely for morpheme-structure reasons . yoruba is noteworthy in that it has around 45 % of v - initial words , even though four of its ten vowels cannot appear initially . catalan : a rough estimate suggests that catalan words are about 32 % v - initial , rather more than one might expect in a language with 7 vowels and 22 consonants , and more , i suspect , than are typically found in romance languages . i know of no particular reason for this . arawan ( amazonia ) : many of these languages have frequent v - initial words . it is suggested ( but not established ) that these derive from the loss of initial glottals . in at least some of these languages , v - initial words differ from c - initial words in that the first group may never bear stress on the first syllable . berber : masculine - gender nouns regularly take a prefix / a - / , while feminine nouns take / ta - / . muskogean : these have vc - prefixes on v - initial words but cv - prefixes on c - initial words . it is not clear to me what this means overall . siouxan : these seem to have undergone heavy reduction of initials , not entirely unlike the australian initial-dropping languages , but the results have been complex . siouxan languages particularly show the lenition of initial / p [ h ] / > / f / > / h / , and possibly also some cases of / t [ h ] / > / h / . germanic : the change / k [ h ] / > / x / > / h / is well attested here , but not , as a rule , exclusively in word-initial position ( though sometimes in syllable-initial position ) . lenition of voiceless plosives generally is widespread in germanic . on the basis of this admittedly unscientific sample , i would therefore suggest the following conclusions : ( 1 ) languages in which 40 % or more of nouns are v - initial are not exceedingly rare , but they do not appear to be at all common . the majority of the examples come from niger - congo . ( 2 ) in niger - congo , the initial vowels derive chiefly from morphological sources , probably entirely so apart from the reduction of cv - prefixes to v - in some languages . fossilized noun-class prefixes appear to be the most widely accepted origin in most cases , and such prefixes appear to be certain in some cases , in which the semantic value of the prefixes is still recoverable . but other morphological processes may be responsible in some other cases . ( 3 ) outside of niger - congo , there appears to be little evidence of morphological origins for initial vowels , and loss of initial consonants is more usually invoked . the consonants invoked are , unsurprisingly , more likely to be glottals than oral obstruents . ( 4 ) except perhaps in siouxan , there is little or no evidence for the systematic loss of initial voiceless plosives . so what happened in basque ? i still do n't know . the american long-ranger john bengtson has for years been defending the """" fossilized noun-class prefix """" view of the basque initial vowels , for reasons of his own , but there seems to be no trace of any semantic correlations with the initial vowels , and in fact the frequency of each of the five basque vowels appears to be about the same initially as elsewhere : a > e > i > o > u . my money is therefore still on the systematic loss of certain initial consonants , but i ' ll be very surprised if i ever have to pay out or get to collect . my thanks to maile rehbock , bruce connell , max wheeler , dan everett , john koontz , david stampe , mark liberman , herbert stahlke , and andrew carstairs - mccarthy for their helpful responses . larry trask cogs university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh england larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk
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 1021,""Subject: currency names - summary
  
  months ago i sent a question out on the linguist list about some currency names . i got a number of responses , but being both lazy and busy , it has taken me much too long to send out a summary . but now , for those who have - - maybe - - been waiting for it , here it comes . i will not say anything about the scientific value of it , but interesting is it ( it might e . g . be , that all the """" r . . . l """" words are """" after f [ rench ] ( and sp [ anish ] ) models and are indeed cognate with royal """" , and the rupee and the rubl are not related to either the """" r . . . l """" words or each other at all ) . - - i have somewhat shortened the responses , where necessary . veturlidi oskarsson veturosk @ ismal . hi . is - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the request as it was sent on march 27 , 1995 : > does anybody know the etymology of the following currency names : > rial ( iran , oman , north yemen ) > riyal ( saudi arabia , quatar ) > riel ( cambodia ) > real ( brazil ) > and maybe other similar names beginning with ri / re end ending with l ? > would it be possible that those names are of the same ( ie . ) origin , > originally refering to kingdom e . t . c . ( cf . regal ) ? > ( what about the russian _ rubel _ , and the _ rupee _ in india e . t . c . ? ) > it would , in fact , not have to be that strange to have a currency name > of the same origin in countries as far away from each other as brazil > and cambodia , as currency names do not seem to > follow any """" national """" > rules . > cf . the name _ dollar _ ( in use in almost 60 countries ( comes originally > from the german _ thaler _ , but has supposedly spread out under the > influence of usd ) ) , and the many variations of the word """" crown """" > ( icelandic kr / ona , danish krone , estonian kroon , czechish korun e . t . c ) , > and _ dinar _ in various ( arabic ) countries . > veturlidi oskarsson > icelandic language institute reykjavik , iceland > e-mail : veturosk @ ismal . hi . is 1 . response : """" real """" ( brazil ) is certainly from latin , meaning """" the king 's money """" . i would bet the other r . . . l words are unrelated , although i can't give etymologies for them . - - note that """" dinar """" is actually of latin origin ( denarius ) , via greek . john cowan 2 . response : spanish and portuguese """" real """" mean """" royal """" ( the king 's currency ) . i have no idea whether this got picked up into arabic and cambodian as """" riyal """" etc . - - sanskrit """" rupaya """" ( """" rupee """" ) is different although at the moment i can't recall what it means . michael a . covington the university of georgia , usa 3 . response : the czech currency unit ( """" crown """" in english ) is called """" koruna """" in the nominative singular . the form you gave , """" korun """" , with a long / u / is the genetive plural form , which has a zero ending and is used with numbers over 5 . therefore you get """" 1 koruna """" , """" 2 koruny """" , but """" 5 korun """" . the german word """" thaler """" ( whence """" dollar """" ) comes from an earlier word """" joachimsthaler """" , which designated a coin minted from the high-quality silver mined during the middle ages at the town of joachimsthal ( """" thal """" = valley ) , which now bears the czech name jachimov . jachimov is in the west bohemian region of the czech republic . james kirchner 4 . response : the russian word * rubl ' * is not related to * real * , * rial * , etc . the word is an old past passive participle ( """" l-participle """" ) of the verb * rubit ' * ' to chop . ' gold ingots were originally * chopped * into small ( eventually , circular ) pieces and used as coins . in contemporary russian , the past passive participle of this verb is * rublennyj * ( e . g . , * rublennoe mjaso * ' chopped meat ' ) . gary h . toops wichita state university 5 . response : """" real """" in portuguese / spanish is cognate with """" royal """" and """" regal . """" my hunch is because it was currency backed by the crown , but it 's a hunch . it would be interesting to be able to do something like prove that the spanish / portuguese used the term ' real , ' which was picked up by the moors and carried with islamic invaders into se asia . also difficult . the russian """" rubl ' """" is a bit more than a hunch - - it derives from the word for """" cut """" : rubit ' ' to cut ' , and other words . check out fasmer 's ( vasmer 's ) etymological dictionary , available in german or russian . i was told by a slavic professor that this is cognate to """" rupee , """" but the guy was going around the bend and could easily be wrong on that point . t . beasley ucla 6 . response : the rial words are all originally """" after f [ rench ] ( and sp [ anish ] ) models """" and are indeed cognate with royal . in england a gold coin of this name was issued in 1465 , and there were french , spanish and scottish coins of the same name over the 15 and 16c . the name seems to have travelled with the maritime empires . dollar also has a complicated history . starting as the english version of thaler ( a coin of the german states ) it then was used for the large spanish coin ( worth 8 reales ) of spain . because of the importance of the spanish maritime influence and of its currency , the term became very widespread and was used ( even in parts of the british empire , such as the straits settlements - - we still use dollars here in singapore ) in many places , including in the us . you cannot assume that the use of dollar is a sign of american influence . rupee is different , coming from a sanskrit word for silver , it is of indian origin . anthea fraser national university of singapore 7 . response : according to vasmer 's etymological dictionary of russian , rubl ' ( gen . sg . rublj ' a ( stress on ending ) ) shares a root with the verb rubit ' ' hack ' and meant ' hacked off piece of a grivna ( larger unit of currency ) ' . gladney 8 . response : russian rubl ' is not related to rial / real . it comes from a root meaning ' cut ' . the origin of the term is from silver bars from which sections were clipped off ( otrubit ' in russian ) and used as currency . i remember visiting a church in moscow dedicated to the ' cut-off head of john the baptist ' ( otrublennoj golove ioanna predtechy ) . btw kopejka ( 1 \ 100 of a rubl ' ) means 's mall spear / lance ' and comes from the depiction of st . george killing the dragon which was the symbol printed on it . the russian word for money - 'd en ' gi ' - is of turkic origin and is one of several in the russian language coming from a turkic root meaning 's tamp ' . incidentally , i ' m pleased to see that the slovenian currency is the toler - one more from dollar . geraint jennings 9 . response : panamanians use the term real for a 5 centavo piece . it was interesting to me because the currency is in balboas & centavos , but , as with american money , this coin had its own name . as far as i know , it was the only coin that had its own name ( i lived there for 11 years ) . it was also a type of test in the marketplace to determine who was """" local """" & who was n't . when the price quoted to me was """" 2 reales """" & i pulled out the exact change , they knew i was n't a tourist ! the word real means royal in spanish , but i do n't know why the 5 centavo piece would be called such . caroline l . steele university of hawaii 10 . response : according to klein ' s comprehensive etymological dictionary of the english language , * rial * , * riyal * are from spanish * real * ( < latin regalem ) to which portuguese * real * is obviously related . i have no info on * riel * . the russian * ruble * and indian * rupee * are not related to the above nor to each other . they both come from indigenous words . marc picard 11 . response : according to the macmillan dictionary of measurement , the first real ( ` royal ' ) was a small silver coin issued by the spanish royal mint . rupya ( > rupee ) is an ancient indian word for ` ( metal made into ) coinage ' , and ruble may be related . dinar comes from latin denarius , a coin worth ten asses ( a word related to ace ) . anton sherwood 12 . response : . . . """" real """" was also the name of a old gold or silver coin in the kingdoms of castile , portugal and aragon ( later in spanish america ) . the first dated ' real ' was coined in castile in the middle of the 14th century . they were called ' real ' because they were coined by the crown , in opposition to local coins coined by bishops , counts and noblemen . according to my sources of information ( enciclopedia larousse - spanish version ) , there were ' reals ' in france too . in the 14th century , the iberian peninsula was divided in several territories : three christian kingdoms : castile , aragon and portugal , and a lot of small moorish kingdoms ( called ' taifas ' ) . it is not unlikely , thus , that the name for the ' real ' had been taken in arabic as ' riyal ' . one curiosity : in contemporary spanish , the sentence ' no tengo un real ' ( literally : i have not a real ) means ' i have not a dime ' ( the same in catalan : no tinc un ral ' ) . j . carlos ruiz universitat jaume i castells 13 . response : in the case of brazil 's real , the currency is named after an old currency which was always referred to in the plural as ' reis ' and ' mirreis ' ( thousands ) . ' real ' means ' royal ' , and so does ' reis ' , i suppose . tony berber sardinha university of liverpool 14 . response : ( translated from icelandic : ) the russian word rubl is in no way related to the """" r . . . l """" currencies . in russian the word is _ rubl ' _ ( ' = palatalization ) , and comes from the verb _ rubit ' _ ' chop , hew ' . the explanation is , as far as i know , that the coin was minted by punching it from a metal plate with a special puncher or stamping iron . the """" l """" is not a suffix , as one could expect , but come from * bj , * mj etc . ( labial cons . + j ) , that changed to * bl ' , * ml ' etc . in proto slavic . so , it is ie . * roubh-jo - s , or something like that , that lies behind the rubl . i do n't know about the arabian word _ ri ( y ) al _ ( which i suspect to have a long a : ) . it could very well be of semitic origin , both the number and and type of root consonants ( r-y - l ) , and """" cv - type """" ( cvcvvc , cf . kita : b ' book ' ) could support that . gunnar ol . hansson 15 . response : hinds and badawi 's dict . of egyptian arabic ( 1986 ) indicates that riyaal , twenty piastres or a twenty-piastre piece , derives from spanish real . kirk belnap brigham young university 16 . response : as far as i , as a layperson , know , the word """" real """" in continental spanish was in fact in use until the begining of the 20th century ( my grandmothers used it , as well as my father , in everyday speech ) . i am not sure what portion of a peseta this amount was ( whether it was a portion of a cent or viceversa , i could ask if you want to know ) . i suspect that , at least the word real in portuguese ( or brazilian ) comes from the spanish one , and as you know , the spanish ' real ' means of course ' royal ' . nuria lopez ortega cornell university - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - thank you all . veturlidi oskarsson
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 1022,""Subject: question : norwegian
  
  to : linguist @ tamv1 . tamu . edu date sent : mon , 21 aug 1995 15 : 38 : 50 dear linguists , could someone help me to find examples representing the difference between the two official standard languages in norway ( nynorsk and bokmal ) . all the textbooks at our library are for bokmal only and i would like to understand the differences and similarities between the two languages . maybe someone could just translate the following sentences into nynorsk : jeg trodde han spilte fiolin . jeg sa en som hang pa veggen . thank you very much for your help ana deumert department of linguistics university of cape town south africa
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 1023,""Subject: info request
  
  i have been requested my neighbor to see if you can help out on this problem . her father is in the late stages of parkinson 's and is unable to speak . he has been using a spelling board but it has gotten incredibly difficult to work with him because he cannot use shorthand and he cannot recognize when you guess a word that he has been spelling or even when someone tries to complete his sentence . the end result is that he has to spell out every single word of a sentence . she wants to put a list of commonly used words together on his spell board . is there a way to get a list of the most commonly used words ? is there another solution ? jody mcdonough ovation software testing , inc . jody @ ovation . com p . o . box 272 ( 508 ) 481-9930 fax : ( 508 ) 481-9891 southborough , ma 01772
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 1024,""Subject: french / english neologisms
  
  hi , i am new to the list . and since english is not my first language , i apologize for the mistakes you might find below : - ) . i hope that you won't mind if some of my explanations are in french . for my ph . d . semiotics , i am writing a dissertation on discourse and science-fiction and i need some information about the construction of neologisms in french and in english . ( neologisms are useful in sf , specially in the scientific field ! ) in french , neologisms are made in 5 different ways ( i hope these are the right english words ) : derivation ; composition ; imitation ; pure invention ; amalgam . one might also add borrowings from other languages . here are some examples ( sorry , the explanations are in french ) : - derivation : mot derive : """" position """" peut produire le verbe """" positionner """" ; - composition : mot compose : si """" monotone """" est decompose ( """" mono """" / """" tone """" ) , on peut recomposer """" polytone """" ; a partir de """" telephone """" on peut produire en science-fiction """" videophone """" . - imitation : souvent a partir d ' une onomatopee : a partir de l ' onomatopee """" couac """" on peut parler d ' un """" couac """" ( = un nom ) ; - invention : mot forge : se distingue des autres categories car on ne reconnait dans la morphologie du mot aucun terme existant ( ex . : """" emparouille """" , """" endosque """" , """" pratele """" , """" libucque """" , """" ecorbalise """" - extraits d ' henri michaux ) . cette categorie est contestee car certains pretendent qu ' il est toujours possible de retrouver la racine . - amalgam : mot - valise : reunion de deux mots sur la base d ' une homonymie partielle ; ainsi """" famille """" et """" millionnaire """" peuvent donner """" famillionnaire """" . in the every day french language , the 3 first ( mostly the 2 first ) processes are more frequent and the 2 others are used in the literary ( and humoristic ) discourse . my question ( s ) is ( are ) about the construction of neologisms in english . 1 ) does english use the same processes ? 2 ) even if it does , are the processes of the same importance in both languages ? 3 ) what would be the most frequent ones ? 4 ) what are the major differences ? 5 ) etc . thank you in advance , sylvie berard - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - sylvie berard """" but the fact is , i really , really hate d346215 @ er . uqam . ca housework , even when universite du quebec a montreal someone else is doing it . """" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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 1025,""Subject: question : quantitative information
  
  hello , there is someone who knows where can i look for """" quantitative """" information on languages ( e . g . number of words , average number of senses per word , etc . ) . i ' m mostly interested in comparing italian and english but every kind of information you can give me will be appreciated . eventually i will post a summary . thanks in advance , - massimo .
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 1026,""Subject: request book information
  
  earlier this morning i was on the phone with a friend of mine living in south america . as we were talking in spanish , he said : """" si voy a la liberi ' a , comprare ' el libro """" which can be rendered into english as """" if i go to the bookstore , i will purchase it """" . i found this expression a bit unusual so i asked him saying that he really meant to say """" si fuese a la libreri ' a , comprari ' a el libro """" or """" if i were to go to the bookstore , i would buy it """" to which he said to me , """" ah , the subjunctive is dead in spanish ! """" . weather this is a matter of subjunctive discussion or not , is something to be left for another time . nevertheless , he mentioned in the course of our conversation that there is a book ( a spanish translation of a french original ) titled something like """" la muerte del subjuntivo """" or """" the demise / death of the subjunctive """" . does any one know of this book ? or books which may deal with similar content ? any and all help will be appreciated . joseph m kozono < kozonoj @ gunet . georgetown . edu >
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 1027,""Subject: korean software for macintosh
  
  dear sir / madam , would you please send me any information about korean software for macintosh , iatl proceedings ?
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 1028,""Subject: summary : parsing of ambiguous sequences in v2 languages
  
  below is a list of references that i received in response to my query about the parsing of ambiguous svo / ovs sequences in v2 languages . many thanks to the following linguists for their quick and informative replies : gisbert fanselow , edith kaan , inge lasser , ming wei lee , michael meng , weijia ni , herbert schriefers and craig thiersch . @ article { bader94 , author = """" markus bader """" , year = 1994 , title = """" syntactic function ambiguities """" , journal = """" folia linguistica """" , volume = """" 28 / 1 - - 2 """" , pages = """" 5 - - 66 """" , } @ unpublished { bayer / marslen-wilson 92 , author = """" josef bayer and william marslen - wilson """" , year = 1992 , title = """" configurationality in the light of language comprehension : the order of arguments in { g } erman """" , note = """" university of leipzig and birbeck university college london """" , } @ incollection { crocker94 , author = """" matthew w . crocker """" , year = 1994 , title = """" on the nature of the principle-based sentence processor """" , editor = """" c . clifton and lyn frazier and k . rayner """" , booktitle = """" perspectives on sentence processing """" , address = """" new york """" , publisher = """" lawrence erlbaum """" , note = """" only brief discussion of svo vs . ovs """" , } @ unpublished { gorrell95 , author = """" paul gorrell """" , year = 1995 , title = """" parsing theory and word-order variation in { g } erman """" , note = """" ms . , universit { \ """" a } t potsdam """" , } @ book { farke94 , author = """" h . farke """" , year = 1994 , title = """" grammatik und { s } prachverarbeitung . { z } ur { v } erarbeitung syntaktischer { a } mbiguit { \ """" a } ten """" , address = """" opladen """" , publisher = """" westdeutscher verlag """" , } @ incollection { farke / felix94 , author = """" h . farke and sascha w . felix """" , year = 1994 , title = """" subjekt - { o } bjektasymmetrien in der { s } prachverarbeitung """" , editor = """" sascha w . felix and ch . habel and g . rickheit """" , booktitle = """" kognitive { l } inguistik . { r } epr { \ """" a } sentationen und { p } rozesse """" , address = """" opladen """" , publisher = """" westdeutscher verlag """" , } @ article { frazier87 , author = """" lyn frazier """" , year = 1987 , title = """" processing syntactic structures : evidence from { d } utch """" , journal = nllt , volume = 5 , pages = """" 519 - - 559 """" , } @ article { frazier93 , author = """" lyn frazier """" , year = 1993 , title = """" processing { d } utch sentence structures """" , journal = """" journal of psycholinguistic research """" , volume = 22 , pages = """" 83 - - 108 """" , } @ article { frazier / flores89 , author = """" lyn frazier and g . flores d ' arcais """" , year = 1989 , title = """" filler - driven parsing : a study of gap-filling in { d } utch """" , journal = """" journal of memory and language """" , volume = 28 , pages = """" 331 - - 344 """" , } @ mathesis { haverkort86 , author = """" marco haverkort """" , year = 1986 , title = """" parasitic gaps : multiple variable binding , connectedness , { atb } or chain composition """" , school = """" university of nijmegen """" , } @ phdthesis { hemforth92 , author = """" b . hemforth """" , year = 1992 , title = """" kognitives { p } arsing """" , school = """" ruhr - universit { \ """" a } t , bochum """" , } @ incollection { hemforth-et - al93 , author = """" b . hemforth and l . konieczny and g . strube """" , year = 1993 , title = """" incremental syntax processing and parsing strategies """" , booktitle = """" proceedings of the { xv } th annual conference of the { c } ognitive { s } cience { s } ociety """" , address = """" hilldale """" , publisher = """" lawrence erlbaum """" , } @ book { jansen81 , author = """" f . jansen """" , year = 1981 , title = """" syntaktische konstrukties in gesproken taal """" , address = """" amsterdam """" , publisher = """" huis aan de drie grachten """" , } @ incollection { jordens91 , author = """" p . jordens """" , year = 1991 , title = """" linguistic knowledge in second language acquisition """" , editor = """" l . eubank """" , booktitle = """" point counterpoint : { u } niversal { g } rammar in the second language """" , address = """" amsterdam """" , publisher = benjamins , } @ unpublished { kaan93 , author = """" edith kaan """" , year = 1993 , title = """" processing { d } utch main clauses : a self-paced reading study """" , note = """" ms . , university of { g } roningen """" , } @ unpublished { lamers-et - al95 , author = """" m . j . a . lamers and l . a . stowe and th . c . gunter """" , year = 1995 , title = """" parsing { d } utch sentences : { svo } versus { ovs } structure """" , note = """" poster presented at the 8th { cuny } { c } onference on { h } uman { s } entence { p } rocessing , { t } ucson """" , } @ unpublished { mecklinger-et - al-in - press , author = """" a . mecklinger and h . schriefers and k . steinhauer and a . friederici """" , year = """" in press """" , title = """" the processing of relative clauses varying in syntactic complexity and semantic plausibility : an analysis with event related potentials """" , journal = """" memory and cognition """" , volume = """" """" , pages = """" """" , note = """" ms . , university of berlin """" , } @ book { nieuwborg68 , author = """" e . nieuwborg """" , year = 1968 , title = """" de distributie van het onderwerp en het lijdend voorwerp """" , address = """" antwerp """" , publisher = """" plantyn """" , } @ article { schriefers-et - al-in - press , author = """" h . schriefers and a . d . friederici and k . k { \ """" u } hn """" , year = """" in press """" , title = """" the processing of locally ambiguous clauses in { g } erman """" , journal = """" journal of memory and language """" , volume = """" """" , pages = """" """" , } @ article { vincenzi91 , author = """" m . { de vincenzi } """" , year = 1991 , title = """" filler - gap dependencies in a null subject language : referential and nonreferential { wh } s """" , journal = """" journal of psycholinguistic research """" , volume = 20 , pages = """" 197 - - 213 """" , }
 "",0
 1029,""Subject: re : sapir - whorf and what to tell students these days
  
  here 's what i tell my undergrad and grad students about that same chapter in language files . i . e . , it 's difficult to even judge what 's going on with whorf unless you are simultaneously conversant with linguistics , american indian languages , and at least the insights of modern physics . first , the conclusion that is appropriate is that , as i showed in """" the demise of the whorf hypothesis """" ( berkeley linguistics society , 1978 ? ) , what whorf said has little or generally no relation whatever to the entire body of discussion that comes under the name """" ( sapir - ) whorf hypothesis """" . he showed decades before the critics came up with their own hypotheses , which they failed to name after themselves , that he would never have agreed with their characterization of his thoughts . simple test : read the lf chapter and then ask , """" who created the whorf hypothesis ? """" and a quick way to answer this is : what did whorf himself call it in his two or three references ? he called it the """" principle of linguistic relativity """" or the """" linguistic relativity principle """" . my own reading of whorf never finds the word """" hypothesis """" at all . so - - right off the bat , and this is a good way to teach scientific nomenclature , who turned whorf 's ' principle ' into a ( n ) ' hypothesis ' , and why ? it was n't whorf , because his designation was clear . so what is the difference between the two ? well , a principle is like an axiom in geometry : a starting point which is theoretically unverifiable - - it 's just a starting point . you want something else , you begin from a different starting point , and then you develop your hypotheses from there . next : what does whorf 's """" linguistic relativity principle """" have to do , if anything , with einstein 's """" relativity principle """" ( which i covered in my also bls , 1980 ? , paper , """" is whorf 's relativity einstein 's relativity ? """" ) . ah , now we ' ve gotten to the crux of it - - much against pinker 's stand ( which was copied and intensified in a lingua franca short bio of suzette elgin hayden recently , where a digression found its author saying that whorf cobbled together his theory from a few ill-translated snatches of apache - - echoing a pinker statement and relying on pinker 's quoting whorf correctly , which he did n't , about a canoe on a beach pointwise : which pinker identified as an apache sentence , but which whorf knew quite well was nootka in the pacific northwest rather than apache in the beachless desert ) , whorf was upping the ante on einstein , who argued that euclidian geometry , far from being universal , was applicable only to flat surfaces ; that for round surfaces , which most of reality is made up of , you need non - euclidian geometry . i . e . , when the phenomena change significantly , you have to change the tool you ' re using . well , that 's what whorf said too ( see heisenberg 's lament below ) , except he moved its domain from mathematics to natural human language ; hence : the truly aptly named """" principle of linguistic relativity """" as whorf himself named it . admittedly , this does n't make any sense until you see it in action , in """" an american indian model of the universe , """" where he posits a worldview without our tense / time ( past / present / future diorama or river of time ) , using manifested / manifesting ( plus other synonyms ) instead . that is : sae grammars / cultures give that aforementioned notion of """" time """" , which is supported and maintained by their tense systems ( though , admittedly , english is weird and gets it through the culture side of the language / culture system ) ; the hopi language / culture system has no such image of time , working from a different worldview principle that sees only cyclical , not linear , time - - round , not flat . most of the world 's grammars that have broken out of the latinate mold show that the particular time / tense system of sae is pretty much peculiar to western european languages - - hence a linguistic / cultural ontology of """" time """" as we know and practice it , and not the supposed universal we have so fondly believed it to be . side note : for one who reads whorf closely , he makes five or ten times more universalist statements than relativity statements in his writings , yet he is seen ( and reviled in a chomskyan universalist attitude ) as the relativist par excellent . so right from the get-go we see that 1 ) whorf did n't write and would n't agree with the hypothesis that someone ( s ) named after him ; 2 ) rather than being some deranged crackpot , he was merely literate : whorf was one of the few interdisciplinary thinkers between physics and linguistics in this century ; 3 ) whorf 's relativity principle had something important to do with einstein 's ; and 4 ) whorf was a universalist as well as a relativist - - he just had them in balance , a notable enough rarity in current academe , you must admit . if i may be so bold , alluding to your posting that """" no one has disproved whorf 's mild version of linguistic relativity ( let 's leave ling . determinism aside , or the stronger version . ) """" , even the mild version was n't his ! trace back like i did and you will find that whorf espoused neither strong nor weak versions of determinism , and relativity has nothing to do with determinism when you see it from the physics viewpoint above , as he did . if you read carefully , writers about the whorf hypothesis admit that even whorf did n't hold a strong version of determinism ( so if he did n't , who did ? and if nobody did , why bring it up ? ) , and that all the critics hold the weak version that they dreamed up ( even though whorf would n't hold it because it 's at least weakly deterministic and therefore newtonian ) . so what 's going on ? the problem is that whorf had already , from his acquaintance with physics , moved from newtonian monocausal determinism as an ideal into systems thinking - - where sometimes the opposite of one profound truth is another profound truth , where everything is interdependent , multicausal , interconnected : language shapes culture while culture is shaping language ; language shapes thinking while thinking is shaping language . the cumulative effect of the ( humboldt / boas / sapir - ) whorf hypothesis literature has been primarily to throw up a smokescreen around his ideas so that people , including grad students in linguistics , psychology , anthropology and sociology , won't read him in the original ( english ! ) . i tell my grad students that if they want to really find out what their discipline is about , go find out who their discipline is beating up on and read them ; and if you are so lucky as me to find someone that four major academic disciplines are ganging up on - - you know you ' ve hit a goldmine ! what in the world could be so important that four academic disciplines create a combined smokescreen ? because so few linguists in this century have availed themselves of the changes in thinking about reality that physics has been broadcasting during this entire century , few linguists are even qualified to step into what they did n't realize was an interdisciplinary debate in the history of ideas which whorf felt so comfortable in . i ' ll explain . i ' ll give you a synopsis of a talk i intend to give at a 100th birthday conference for benjamin whorf , which i intend to get funding for and hold in the bay area in spring 1997 . i call it """" heisenberg 's lament . """" you see , early in this century , that ' uncertain ' heisenberg was among the first to gain a ' glimpse ' into the subatomic world ; and , having done so , he rendered his opinion that , regarding the subatomic realm , """" we have reached the limits of our language . """" he said this for two reasons : 1 ) no matter how glibly western scientists talk about electrons , protons , neutrons , quarks , etc . , when we look into that realm there are no ' things ' , only processes and relationships ; but in order to make sense ( i . e . , complete sentences ) in sae languages , we need nouns - - and there 's nothing in the subatomic realm that you can , except willy-nilly , attach nouns to . and 2 ) given that , our most fundamental scientific terms such as """" same """" and """" different """" are useless . he did n't know then , and physics does n't know now , whether there are gazillions of electrons or just one electron with gazillions of manifestations . we have reached the limits of our language . fast - forward a few decades and whorf hears this in his physics classes at yale ( he has unpublished manuscripts on gravity in the yale archives ) , and ponders : hm , i wonder if this has anything to do with what prof . sapir said the other day about hopi not needing nouns to express ordinary propositions - - just """" rehpi """" , """" flashed """" , instead of """" it """" or """" the / a light flashed """" : because when you come right down to it , how is the flashing different from the light ? is """" light """" just a convenient grammatical fiction foisted upon us by sae grammar ? and as he pondered ' light ' being noun or verb , particle or wave , depending on how it 's viewed , he saw the universe in the same way , with different cultures taking different positions on the question . in this case , since hopi did n't seem to take too seriously the absence of nouns , perhaps , whorf surmised , hopi could be of use for physicists in exploring and reporting back about the quantum world , that realm that did n't have thingy nouns . fast - forward another few decades and physicist david bohm reads whorf ( which i confirmed personally in talking to him ) , and then , * in response * ( my attribution ) , writes _ wholeness and the implicate order _ , in which he , among other things , tries to make english more verby and performative in the """" rheomode """" - - a brilliant flop ; and then launches on the scientific community a view of the universe which does not contain our familiar notions of past / present / future time , but instead an implicate and explicate order of reality - - an """" inny / outty """" notion where the future is inside us working outward instead of some vague distant goal we are headed toward . an email acquaintance pointedly asked me what the difference was between bohm 's terminology and whorf 's terminology ; it took me 6 months to finally answer that there was none , except the hopis had had theirs for millennia longer . and then it hit me ! bohm , in his own maverick way , appropriated whorf 's answer to heisenberg 's lament in """" an american indian model of the universe """" and substituted more scientifically acceptable terminology ( implicate / explicate rather than manifesting / manifested ) to see how the notion of a universe without linear time would fly in the modern physics and academic community - - and it had qualified success . but - - bohm was no closer to knowing whether whorf had been accurate in his description of hopi than he had been before writing the book . and there had been so much bad press on the guy ! how was one to know , ultimately ? and here 's the part that almost no-one knows so far . in 1991 , in the last few months of his life , david bohm launched his most ambitious thought experiment to date : with some other physicists and a few psychologists and linguists , and sponsored by the fetzer institute , he enticed recognized american indian intellectual leaders ( and some of their elders ) to join in dialogue together in what i can only describe as a roundabout way of asking american indians whether whorf was accurate in his description of the ' timeless ' hopi worldview . but it became so much more ! the american indian leaders there had previously read bohm 's book and others , but the physicists knew nothing about native american worldviews and native american science methodologies , so the indians had to build a bridge over to them in private meetings before the three public days on the themes of time , space and language . during the day on time , whorf 's description of hopi came up , was read out loud , and discussed , though i do n't remember any hopis being present ; nevertheless , the other american indians present , mostly of algonquian tribes , gave what can only be called ' independent verification ' in scientific terminology by saying essentially : well , i can't speak for the hopi people , but that 's pretty much the way we do it . in fact , of the many whorf passages read or discussed in these dialogues , the physicists and the american indians present were usually willing to give whorf his points ( proving again , perhaps , the difficulty of being a prophet in one 's own country / discipline ! ) . but we ' re not done yet - - the best is yet to come - - the actual conclusion of heisenberg 's lament ! at the beginning of the first dialogue it was clear that the quantum physicists had their favorite realm to explore and talk about , and the american indians also had their own favorite realm . as we dialogued , it began becoming clear that those favorite realms had some fundamental principles in common : the only constant is flux ; everything that exists vibrates ; everything is interconnected such that the part implicates the whole . in fact , it became crystal clear that the last major obstacle to these realms being the same realm was really only terminological : the physicists are used to calling it """" the subatomic realm """" whereas the american indians for millennia have been calling it """" the spirit realm """" . now that 's a big enough surprise - - that modern physics is knocking on the door of spirit without really meaning to - - but not big enough , so now let 's take it home ! it puzzled the physicists just how the american indians should have foreknowledge of a realm they should n't know about , that the western scientific infrastructure had just recently led us to - - and the indians had no such scientific infrastructure ! and as the physicists gradually understood that , like hopi , the algonquian grammatical structures do not demand nouns , do not demand fictitious actors to embody actions ( that , as my mikmaq and blackfoot friends tell me , they can talk all day long in those languages and never utter a single ' noun ' ! ) , they finally had to admit that such languages were indeed much better suited to exploring that realm and reporting back than sae languages - - whorf 's reply to heisenberg 's lament was verified and agreed upon . when the phenomena of reality change in a dramatic way , you need to change the tool you ' re using . now , of course , the physicists were left with an even larger puzzle , to wit : how is it that these american indians have a language much better suited than sae languages to investigate and describe the inner workings of the subatomic realm - - a realm they are n't even supposed to know about ! ? ! as you can see by now , pinker - - like all other facile critics and unindicted co-creators of the so-called hypothesis - - is out of his league altogether in attempting to characterize a major player in one of the most important interdisciplinary discussions ever in the history of ideas . pinker , like chomsky , loves logic ( which grows out of the grammar of sae languages just as the philosophy of ' karma ' grew out of the grammar of ancient sanskrit , where it was used earliest as the linguistics term for 'd irect object ' ! ! ) , but has never really gotten with the program this century to replace binary / dualistic thinking with multivariable / multicausal / interdependent systems thinking . whorf heard the call , way back then , and may yet prove to have been an entire century ahead of his time in linguistics . even though we can think in systems for phonology and grammar , we have a tough time doing it for """" language and thought """" ; we feel we have to make them bipolar opposites such that they are distinct and one causes the other invariantly ; that 's why i so admired how slobin finally lost those monolithic terms and framed the question instead in terms of """" thinking for speaking """" - - the at least one kind of thinking where your thinking is very much at the mercy of the forms and categories of your language , per whorf . so tell your students , as i do , that the only way to get to the bottom of what whorf did or did not say is to read his essays in _ language , thought & reality _ for themselves , perhaps with the above thoughts as a guideline , and then figure out for themselves whether the sapir - whorf hypothesis smokescreen makes any sense .
 "",0
 1030,""Subject: call for contributions
  
  call for contributions : _ concepts and practice of network - based language teaching _ mark warschauer , university of hawaii at manoa richard kern , university of california at berkeley we are submitting a proposal to cambridge university press applied linguistics series ( series editors michael long and jack richards ) for an edited volume on the concepts and practice of computer network-based language teaching ( i . e . , involving the internet , local area networks , or other forms of electronic communication ) . it is intended that the book will be solidly based on second language acquisition theory and research and that its principle audience will be faculty and graduate students ( e . g . , as a text in graduate courses in applied linguistics , tesol , and foreign language education ) . we are seeking two types of chapter submissions : ( 1 ) critical analyses of the concepts of network-based teaching as they relate to aspects of language acquistion theory or educational theory ( for example , consideration of relationships of network-based language teaching to cognitive , psycholinguistic , sociolinguistic , sociocultural , literary , or critical pedagogical theories ) . ( 2 ) theoretically - grounded empirical studies of the practice of network-based teaching . chapters on classroom practice should include a review of the literature , a detailed description of the research methods used , an in-depth analysis and discussion of the data , and implications for teaching and future research . analyses can be qualititative or quantitative , and can explore multiple types of variables ( e . g . , process , product , cognitive , social , affective , contextual ) . timeline / deadlines : 1 . dec . 1 , 1996 : notification of interest please send an email message to mark warschauer ( mark @ hawaii . edu ) or richard kern ( kernrg @ uclink . berkeley . edu ) notifying us of your possible interest in submitting an abstract as well as the likely topic . 2 . jan . 15 , 1996 : submission of abstract please send one packet to each editor including : one page with the title of your abstract and your and your contact information ( address , telephone , e-mail , and fax number ) ; one page with the title and abstract of the proposed chapter ( maximum 1 - 2 pages , single spaced ) ; your complete cv , including previous publications one copy to : one copy to : mark warschauer richard kern esl dept , moore 570 department of french 1890 east - west road university of california , berkeley university of hawaii berkeley , ca 94720-2580 honolulu , hi 96816 3 . feb . 15 , 1996 : notification about status of abstract 4 . sept . 1 , 1996 : manuscripts submitted to editors ( warschauer / kern ) ( hard copy and diskette , in apa format ) 5 . oct . 1 , 1996 : initial editorial response ( by warschauer / kern ) to manuscripts 6 . dec . 15 , 1996 : revised manuscripts due 7 . feb 1 , 1997 : book manuscript submitted to cambridge university press applied linguistics series editors ( expected publication date , 9-12 months later ) the editors : mark warschauer is a researcher at the national foreign language resource center of the university of hawaii . his publications include _ e - mail for english teaching : bringing the internet and computer learning networks into the language classroom _ ( tesol publications , 1995 ) and _ virtual connections : online activities & projects for networking language learners _ ( university of hawaii , in press ) . richard kern is assistant professor of french and director of the french language program at the university of california at berkeley . his research interests include reading and writing in a foreign language and the use of networked computers to facilitate communicative language use . he has published articles in the modern language journal , foreign language annals , canadian modern language review , and studies in second language acquisition . thank you very much for your interest . we hope that this book will play an important role in bringing together the most advanced research on this topic and making it available to faculty , researchers , graduate students , and interested teachers . we are looking forward to hearing from you and to receiving your abstracts . mark warschauer richard kern university of hawaii university of california , berkeley markw @ hawaii . edu kernrg @ uclink . berkeley . edu
 "",0
 1031,""Subject: sum : german / english translation software
  
  a little while ago i posted a query about peoples 's experience with power translator ( professional ) software for german - english translation . here is my colleague 's summary of responses via this and other lists . 1 . a second hand comment that someone working in art history had found it unsatisfactory 2 . another said that the canadian government uses the power professional ( french ) programme for translation work 3 . another said that the french version gave quite comical or incomprehensible results , but this was on the basic version , not the professional . one conspicuous difficulty was with words which can have the same form as different parts of speech ( eg gerunds ) ; another was variant word order . 4 . someone said ( another second hand comment ) that it was """" ok for the first cut """" . 5 . a response from the correspondent of an owner of the basic german programme who sent some samples with commentary , showing that as long as you knew both languages and edited the text during translation the results could be satisfactory , but whether the degree of efficiency offsets the time taken to use the programme was not apparent . this correspondent referred to it as a """" toy """" . 6 . a response from an academic who worked on the ibm translation product who referred to a german computer journal which rated the ibm programme slightly better ( and cheaper ) than the power professional . the reference is _ dos die pc zeitschrift _ 8 ' 95 pp128 - 132 . it is apparent that simple constructions and explicit vocabulary translate more accurately than the complex and allusive , so the satisfaction given will depend very much on the nature of the task and the needs or expectations of the user . for scanning large volumes of print to ascertain the general subject matter these programmes are probably quite satisfactory ; for accurate translations , interactive operation by a translation-competent person would seem to be necessary . i have not yet decided to buy one of these programmes : i await a sales person who is prepared to run the risk of a trial translation on text supplied by me . no satisfied user came forward . andrew carstairs - mccarthy department of linguistics , university of canterbury , private bag 4800 , christchurch , new zealand phone + 64 - 3-364 2211 ; home phone + 64 - 3-355 5108 fax + 64 - 3-364 2065 e-mail a . c-mcc @ ling . canterbury . ac . nz
 "",0
 1032,""Subject: re : 6 . 1143 , disc : kinship terms
  
  i am not qualified to speak about english in general , but i have observed that some of the argument is based on statements that are not universally true . i do n't know the source of the usage , but in my family we call children by the same type of term about equally . that is , i am as likely to yell """" daughter , you have a phone call """" as """" son , get down the stairs and do the dishes """" . similarly , i use both terms to indicate closeness : """" nice job , son """" , """" good one , daughter ! """" . my husband has ( i think ) picked it up from me , but my brother 's family does this too . carolyn ostrander clostran @ mailbox . syr . edu
 "",0
 1033,""Subject: escol ' 95
  
  * preliminary program and registration information for escol ' 95 * eastern states conference on linguistics ( escol ' 95 ) dartmouth college hanover , new hampshire novmember 3 - 5 , 1995 friday , november 3 , 1995 session i : syntax 9 : 15 korean a - chains and the chain condition kwangho lee , university of minnesota 9 : 45 copy raising in igbo and the theory of feature - checking hiroyuki ura , mit 10 : 15 on the necessity of a cooperian treatment of e - type pronouns koji hoshi , university of rochester / mit session ii : phonology 11 : 00 on phonotactic interactions : loss of directionality in sanskrit fumiko kumashiro , university of california , san diego 11 : 30 underspecification and parametric variation in fon vowel harmony steven gross , university of south carolina 12 : 00 absolute neutralization and underspecification in hungarian vowel harmony deborah schmidt , university of georgia session iii : syntax 2 : 30 inverted subjects in french , nominative case - checking and expletive pro in antisymmetric minimalism j . m . de wind , university of amsterdam 3 : 00 asymmetric object positions david basilico , university of alabama at birmingham 3 : 30 a constraint on a - positions and the projection principle lynn nichols , harvard university session iv : discourse 4 : 30 np - internal focus and contextually relevant sets mary wu , university of illinois at urbana - champaign 5 : 00 the discourse representation of temporal ' then ' ellen thompson , university of maryland 5 : 30 implicature as cognition robert knippen , university of chicago 8 : 00 invited speaker : james mccawley , """" an overview of the syntax of ' apposition ' in english """" november 4 , 1995 session v : semantics 9 : 00 the ambiguity of plural individuals eun - joo kwak , brown university 9 : 30 an indexical account of ' certain ambiguities ' christopher kennedy , university of california , santa cruz 10 : 00 adicity , causation , and lexical aspect grace song , northwestern university 10 : 30 all oppositions are not equipollent : privative aspect features mari broman olsen , northwestern university 11 : 15 invited speaker : elizabeth cowper , """" features of tense """" session vi : syntax 2 : 15 on the existence of overt qr keun - won sohn , university of connecticut 2 : 45 licensing conditions for sentential subjects : implications for a theory of lexical insertion william d . davies , university of iowa , and stanley dubinsky , university of south carolina 3 : 15 replacing the csc ed zoerner , university of california , irvine session vii : psycholinguistics 4 : 00 phonological influences on conceptual and syntactic encoding janet rowe , university of toronto 4 : 30 systematic biases in syntactic categorization barbara luka , university of chicago 5 : 00 on the relationship between gestures and acoustic aspects of speech shuichi nobe , university of chicago session viii : phonology 4 : 00 syntactic constraints on intonational phrasing josef taglicht , hebrew university of jerusalem 4 : 30 feature geometry , spread coronal , and economy of derivation jeong - seok kim , university of connecticut 5 : 00 glottal consonants and the ' sonority ' hierarchy donald g . churma and yili shi , ball state university 5 : 45 invited speaker : kathryn bock , """" producing agreement """" 7 : 00 party november 5 , 1995 session ix : phonology 9 : 00 the stress - epenthesis paradox in arabic samira farwaneh , university of utah 9 : 30 variation as optimality in marshallese word - initial geminates chang - kook suh , university of arizona 10 : 00 an ot account of length and consonant behavior in italian syllabification naomi nagy , university of pennsylvania , and donna jo napoli , swarthmore college 10 : 30 neutralization and strengthening processes in korean sechang lee , university of southern california session x : syntax 9 : 00 the matching parameter and the pro - drop parameter roumyana izvorski , university of pennsylvania 9 : 30 on the derivation of sluicing milagrosa ramos - santacruz , georgetown university 10 : 00 null case and certain differences between french and english zeljus bosuovic , university of connecticut 10 : 30 on crossing a - dependencies eric haeberli , university of geneva 11 : 00 break 11 : 15 invited speaker : douglas pulleyblank , to be announced * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * escol ' 95 pre - registration form please return to : escol ' 95 registration program in linguistics 6086 reed dartmouth college hanover , nh 03755 pre - registration deadline : september 15 , 1995 ( must be received by this date ) late registrations will be charged the on-site fee . we regret that we are unable to refund fees to registrants who cannot attend . the conference fee includes entrance to all sessions , a registration packet , breakfast and coffee breaks , and admission to the escol ' 95 banquet / party . name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mailing address ( now through november 1995 ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ student : _ _ _ _ $ 20 [ on-site $ 25 ] non - student : _ _ _ _ $ 30 [ on-site $ 40 ] make checks payable in us $ to dartmouth college .
 "",0
 1034,""Subject: tree macros for latex
  
  i wonder which tex / latex macros linguists use to draw tree structures . i tried tree . sty which was written by edward m . reingold and nachum dershowitz and uses the pictex macros . it works fine but does not do kerning , which means that tree nodes are arranged geometrically as in a ) , not as in b ) , for example ( note the position of the topic node ) : a ) b ) ip ip / \ / \ topic i ' topic i ' / \ / \ fp i + v fp i + v / \ / \ f ' focus f ' focus / \ / \ aspp f aspp f ( example taken from a handout paper by miriam butt and tracy holloway king ) is there a tree macro that draws trees like in b ) ? thanks for your help , i ' ll post the results . karl - michael schneider department of general linguistics university of passau , germany
 "",0
 1035,""Subject: palatal on-glides
  
  does anyone know of any language ( s ) with more than one type of unrounded palatal on-glide between consonant and vowel , e . g . , [ i ] vs [ j ] vs [ ji ] as in [ kan ] vs [ kian ] vs [ kjan ] vs [ kjian ] the reason for my asking is because middle chinese is often assumed to have such a four-way contrast - - i personally do not think such a contrast is possible , but i 'd like to check with people working with other language families before i jump to any conclusions . by the way , the notation in square brackets is phonetic , rather than phonemic ; so interpreting the [ kj ] sequence as a palatal affricate will not do . wenchao
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 1036,""Subject: qs : language attitude studies ( german )
  
  can anybody who has done ( or knows about ) current research on language attitudes in a 's tandard / non-standard variety setting ' please contact me . i have just started a thesis on ' attitudes towards """" hochdeutsch """" in southern germany ' and i would like to find out more about recent ( 1990 + ) research on language attitude studies , especially in the german - speaking area . thank you anne hof ( german dept . , university of manchester ) mflugah @ fs1 . art . man . ac . uk
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 1037,""Subject: workshop on focus - 1st call for papers
  
  1st call for papers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * workshop on focus * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * university of massachusetts , amherst december 8-10 , 1995 guest speakers : eva hajicova , carles univ . prague barbara partee , umass amherst elizabeth selkirk , umass amherst petr sgall , charles univ . prague the department of linguistics and the glsa ( graduate linguistics student association ) at the university of massachusetts at amherst invite submissions of abstracts for the * * workshop on focus * * , an interdisciplinary workshop on the role of focus in grammar . it intends to cover diverse areas of formal linguistics , such as phonetics , phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics , pragmatics , and psycholinguistics . each talk is 30 min . long , followed by a 10 min . discussion . the proceedings of the workshop will be published as a special volume of umop ( university of massachusetts occasional papers ) from glsa . please send 6 copies of an anonymous abstract , maximum 2 pages long including references , tables , diagrams , and examples . fonts should be no smaller than 12 points , and at least 1 inc margin on all sides . the abstract should arrive at the address below by * * october 2 , 1995 * * . no email or fax submissions are accepted . along with the abstract , enclose an index card ( 3 """" x5 """" ) with title of paper , author 's name , affiliation , address , telephone number , and e-mail address . workshop on focus organizing committee department of linguistics south college university of massachusetts amherst , ma 01003 for further information , fax 1-413 - 545 27 92 email focus @ linguist . umass . edu
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 1038,""Subject: re : amharic
  
  i am doing independent study on the rift valley of africa . amharic is a dialect spoken in that area , primarily eithiopia . i am trying to assertain what certain words would be in that language . for example , - - lion - - death - - baby - - water - - man - - woman - - family . any help would be appreciated ed . wagner
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 1039,""Subject: risk
  
  a colleague and i are researching the differing degrees of risk perceived by our hong kong students in different contexts where spoken english is required . we would be interested to find out more about research in the area of risk-taking in language learning . so far we have n't come up with much . can anyone help here ?
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 1040,""Subject: simultaneous prepositions and postpositions in pashto
  
  i ' m looking for analyses of nominal constructions ( in any language ) in which the np has _ both _ a preposition and a postposition . for example , pashto has constructions like the following , from herbert penzl , _ a grammar of pashto _ ( washington , d . c . : american council of learned societies , 1955 ) , p . 41 : we sarri te to man to ' to the man ' the preposition is sometimes optional , though the postposition is obligatory . since pashto is head-final ( the unmarked word order is sov ) , it 's tempting to take the postposition at face-value . however , there are some binding facts that suggest that a phrase containing an np + postposition is referential , and so it might be possible to analyze the postposition as some kind of case marker . i understand that there may be such a distinction between homophonous case markers and postpositions in japanese , for example . i 'd be grateful if anyone could suggest any articles that deal with these constructions . and if there are other linguists who are studying pashto , i 'd like to hear from you . thanks for any help ! taylor roberts < troberts @ mit . edu >
 "",0
 1041,""Subject: call : lowlands - l discussion list
  
  in may of this year the discussion list lowlands - l was founded . since then , over 180 people have subscribed to this list , which is intended as a forum for discussion about ( and in ) the languages and cultures of the lowlands bordering the north sea and the baltic sea . more specifically : about dutch , low german , frisian , afrikaans , english , scots , and their dialects . new subscribers are invited , native speakers of the lowlands languages , as well as students of a lowlands language , professional linguists , as well as anyone else who takes an interest in the lowlands . in order to subscribe , please send a message with the following text : subscribe lowlands - l firstname lastname ( enter your own name here ) to the following address : listproc @ lists . u . washington . edu you will then receive a welcome message that provides all necessary information about the list procedures . regards , reinhard f . hahn ( rhahn @ u . washington . edu ) henk wolf ( h . a . y . wolf @ stud . let . ruu . nl ) ( moderators lowlands - l )
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 1042,""Subject: bu conf on language development ' 95 - announcement
  
  20th annual boston university conference on language development november 3 , 4 , 5 , 1995 keynote speaker : lila gleitman plenary speaker : lydia white sessions include first and second language acquisition of syntax , morphology , phonology , lexical and conceptual knowledge , discourse , narrative and literacy , social and cultural aspects of language use , as well as exceptional language , language processing , and bilingualism . ninety papers are scheduled to be presented . all conference sessions will be held on the boston university campus in the george sherman union , 775 commonwealth avenue , boston . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * for more information : a preliminary program , pre-registration form , and information about hotels , discounts on domestic air fares , and child care arrangements , are available via e-mail . if you send a message to info @ louis-xiv . bu . edu you will receive an automated reply that contains these materials . these materials are also sent by regular mail to those who are on our mailing list ( speakers are urged to wait to pre-register until they receive that mailing ) . anyone who plans to attend the conference is advised to make hotel arrangements as soon as possible . if you have any questions , or if you would like to add your address to our regular mailing list or inform us of a change in address , please send e-mail to langconf @ louis-xiv . bu . edu , phone 617-353 - 3085 , or write to : boston university conference on language development 138 mountfort street brookline , ma 02146-4083 * * should you find yourself on the conference schedule , and you have not yet received an acceptance letter concerning details , please contact us by e-mail immediately so that we can send you a virtual copy of the details . we mailed out our reply letters to all authors on every submission on aug . 11th , but as of the 24th , many submitters had still not received their letters . we apologize for the inconvenience .
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 1043,""Subject: 
  
  computational ling bengt sigurd ( ed ) computerized grammars for analysis and machine translation travaux de l ' institut de linguistique de lund 29 , 1994 , 148 pp . computational linguistics us $ 30 distributed by lund university press , box 141 , s-221 00 lund , sweden ( isbn 91-7966 - 304 - 4 ) chartwell - bratt ltd , old orchard , bickley road , bromley , kent br1 2ne , uk ( isbn 0-86238 - 383 - 8 ) this book presents grammars developed within the swedish machine translation project swetra . the grammars are original contributions but are based on different features of grammatical theories , above all diderichsen 's field grammar , tg , gpsg and gb . the grammars are implemented in prolog ( dcg ) . the basic languages treated are swedish and english , but japanese , russian , indonesian and mapudungu are also touched upon . phonology & phonetics watt , david l . e . the phonology and semology of intonation in english : an instrumental and systemic perspective . 1994 . 192 pp . 6x9 book , prepaid us $ 20 . 00 + 3 . 50 p&h ( us ) / 5 . 00 ( can ) / 5 . 50 ( other ) . iulc publications , 720 e . atwater ave . , bloomington in 47401 . < iulc @ indiana . edu > . intonation . watt presents an extensive study of intonation and its meaning potential from a systemic functional perspective , advancing halliday 's description of intonation . includes over 250 instrumentally derived illustrations of examples from original tape recordings , cited examples and recordings of casual conversations . lang acquisition philip , william . ( university of massachusetts , amherst ) ; event quantification in the acquisition of universal quantification , pb . xi + 221 pp . ph . d . dissertation , 1995 . $ 16 + s / h ( $ 3 domestic , $ 4 foreign surface ) . graduate linguistic student association ( glsa ) , umass , amherst . this dissertation investigates a robust phenomenon of nonadult-like comprehension performance found in an early stage of the acquisition of universal quantification , and shows how this phenomenon relates to the principles governing the linguistic representation of universal quantification in adult grammar . in so doing , the dissertation also establishes a body of psycholinguistic evidence in support of the general ( davidsonian ) thesis that in natural language there is quantification over individual events as well as quantification over individual objects . for further information , contact glsa @ linguist . umass . edu . the acquisition of the lexicon edited by lila gleitman and barbara landau a special edition of lingua - - a bradford book the mit press $ 39 . 95 paper to order : < mitpress-orders @ mit . edu > or 800 . 356 . 0343 or 617 . 625 . 8569 interdisciplinary essay collection on the aquisition of vocabulary in infants , with emphasis on linguisitics and psycholinguistics . available for discussion .
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 1044,""Subject: 
  
  syntax the antisymmetry of syntax richard s . kayne linguistic inquiry monograph twenty - five the mit press $ 17 . 95 paper , $ 35 . 95 cloth to order : < mitpress-orders @ mit . edu > or 800 . 356 . 0343 or 617 . 625 . 8569 prposes a restrictive theory of word order and phrase structure , where the latter always entirely determines linear order . available for discussion . semantics unaccusativity at the syntax - lexical semantics interface by beth levin and malka rappaport hovav linguistic inquiry monograph twenty - six the mit press $ 19 . 95 paper , $ 39 . 95 cloth to order : < mitpress-orders @ mit . edu > or 800 . 356 . 0343 or 617 . 625 . 8569 builds on theory of lexical semantic representation , and elucidates mapping from lexical semantics to syntax . available for discussion .
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 1045,""Subject: summary of names of days
  
  dear linguists , in the december 15 issue of linguist i posted a request for examples of deictic expressions for the names of days either side of """" today """" . here is the summary of what i obtained . the response was overwhelming - a total of 70 linguist subscribers sent replies . many , many thanks to all of you who contributed . quite a number of respondents supplied information on two or more languages . there was some duplication of languages , namely japanese , mandarin chinese , danish , french , german , russian and hindi . i now have examples of 48 languages , they are : anejom ( vanuatu ) , a = fee a = fee ( solomon is ) , azerbaijani turkish , basque , bauan ( standard fijian ) , brazilian portuguese , bulgarian , czech , danish , dutch , english , erromagan ( vanuatu ) , estonian , finnish , french , german , hausa , hawai ` ian , hindustani , ipili ( png ) , italian , japanese , kamhmu ? ( vietnam ) , ki - swahili , kope ( png ) , korean , lao / phasa iisaan , lenakel ( vanuatu ) , madarin chinese , malay , mauritian / seychelles creole , modern greek , modern hebrew , norwegian , polish , quechua , rumanian , russian , samoan , serbo - croatian , slovene , sulka ( png ) , swedish , taiwanese , thai , welsh . my original interest in collecting such deictic expressions stems from a general interest in symmetry in language and language systems . most languages exhibit a symmetry in the number of deictic expressions for diurnal units either side of """" today """" , however , some exhibit an asymmetry . c . s . levinson ( pragmatics , 1983 : 75 ) reports , """" the amerindian language chinantec has four named days either side of today ; japanese has three days back from today , and two ahead ; hindi has the same word for yesterday and tomorrow . """" ( levinson gleaned this information from : fillmore , c . j . ( 1975 ) . santa cruz lectures on deixis , 1971 . mimeo , indiana university linguistics club . ) i have not personally been able to get a hold of this the fillmore reference - living in the academically isolated south seas does have some drawbacks ! if any of you have a copy of this publication , i would be very interested in obtaining photocopies of the section on ` time deixis ' . of course , i will reimburse you for the cost of postage and photocopying . anyway , a symmetrical deictic system of diurnal units / spans seems to me logical , though i ' m not sure i can verbalise the reasons . the reported asymmetry in the japanese system seemed to me a bit odd . especially that the asymmetry was lop-sided towards the past ( see below for reasons ) . upon further examination , i discovered that the japanese deictic system for diurnal units does seem to be symmetrical ; it has + 3 and - 3 either side of the present diurnal span . the expression ` siasatte / yanoasatte ' meaning + 3 days from """" today """" is not known to quite an number of native speakers of japanese . they appear to be used infrequently and ` yanoasatte and yaneasatte ' are considered to be dialectal ( at least in relation to the tokyo dialect ) . indeed , the lecturer in japanese in my department ( herself a native speaker of japanese ) was not aware of these expressions until she looked them up in her dictionary . another interesting consideration in all of this is the question as to the number of diurnal units before and after today that languages recognise . what is the maximum / minimum number of units ? also , what is the average number of units ( or most popular system ) ? answers to these questions ( based on my small sample ) below . one respondent asked the following very interesting question : """" if you reach the level of , let 's say , 5 ( days after present diurnal span ) , does this also have the non-specific reading ` at some point in the not-to - far-away future ' in those languages ? """" the only language in my small corpus that has + 5 and - 5 diurnal units in its system is erromangan ( vanuatu ) . i will have to ask my source for erromangan to answer this question . there is an inherent problem in determining the number expressions for diurnal units . this is determining whether the expressions are lexemes or phrases . many languages seem to have """" lexicalised """" ( for want of a better term ) prepositional / nominal phrases . other languages , like for example the english expression ` the day before yesterday ' , have retained the phrase structure . one respondent supplied me with a lengthy discussion on the lexeme / phrase issue . she cites the case of bulgarian ( i hope she won't mind my including her discussion here ) : [ begin quote ] bulgarian presents an [ interesting ] situation with regard to the phrase / lexeme issue because it does n't have a real nominal case paradigm : onzi den - 2 ( lit . """" that / yonder day """" ) vchera - 1 dnes 0 present diurnal span utre + 1 vdrugi den + 2 ( lit . """" other day """" ) so the same form ' pozavchera ' in bulgarian ( with stress on the penultimate syllable ; russian ' pozavchera ' has stress on the final syllable ) perhaps does n't look as strange because one would n't expect ' po ' to require any particular case ending . however , again we have what looks like a preposition with an adverb , which should not exist as a phrase . bulgarian """" tomorrow """" is ' utre ' . but """" the day after tomorrow """" is ' vdrugiden ' - - i . e . , the phrase ' v drugi den ' ( lit . """" on ( the ) other day """" , written without spaces in between the individual words . should this be considered a word simply on orthographic grounds , though ? is it a prepositional phrase or an adverb ? of course the boundary between prepositional phrases and adverbs is very fuzzy to begin with . bulgarian """" the day before yesterday """" , in contrast , is what looks like a noun phrase : ' onja den ' - - """" that day """" . no preposition ' v ' ( """" on """" ) here . so should this be considered just an np or a prepositional phrase ? ' onja den ' is used the same way as ' vdrugiden ' - - ' vidjax go onja den ' - - """" i saw him [ on ] the day before yesterday """" . it seems to me that what 's written as a noun phrase here is really an adverb , like ' vdrugiden ' or like russian ' pozavchera ' and ' poslezavtra ' , the only difference being that the other three adverbs are formed from prepositional phrases while ' onja den ' has no preposition . it would sound strange to call it a prepositional phrase , because , unlike ' vdrugiden ' , it contains no preposition . so i would call it an adverbial phrase . ( time expressions in slavic languages are commonly in the accusative , and that may be the origin of ' onja den ' , but since modern bulgarian has lost its nominal case paradigm for the most part this makes it harder to determine the status of phrases like this one . ( cf . russian ' kazhduju nedelju ' ( """" each - acc week - acc """" ) , which means """" every week """" in an adverbial sense . ) bulgarian does n't have specific words for """" the day before the day before yesterday """" - - that would be , i think , ' v denja predi onja den ' ( """" on the day before the day before yesterday """" ) , but of course speakers would avoid that and just would say ' predi dva dena ' ( """" two days ago """" , lit . """" before two days """" ) . the same would be true for ' vdrugiden ' - - ' v denja sled vdrugiden ' is conceivably possible ( """" on the day after the-day - after-tomorrow """" ) , but speakers would say 's led dva dena ' ( """" in / after two days """" ) . so i think it may be very difficult here to draw a demarcation line here between the grammatical categories of words vs . phrases . [ end of quote ] quite a number of languages ( especially slavonic and germanic languages ) allow recursion of prepositions / prefixes to """" add on """" to the already existing deictic expressions . the extent to which this recursion can be practiced is limited only by pragmatic constraints . here are some nice examples : rumanian : ras-ras - ras-alaltaieri ( ? ) - 5 ras-ras - alaltaieri ( ? ) - 4 ras-alaltaieri - 3 alaltaieri - 2 ieri - 1 azi / astazi 0 present diurnal span miine + 1 poimiine + 2 ras-poimiine + 3 ras-ras - poimiine ( ? ) + 4 ras-ras - ras-poimiine ( ? ) + 5 etc . dutch : ( eer-eergisteren ) + 3 eergisteren + 2 gisteren - 1 vandaag 0 present diurnal span morgen + 1 overmorgen + 2 ( over-overmorgen ) + 3 danish : ( i for-forgars - 3 ) i forgars - 2 i gar - 1 i dag 0 present diurnal span i morgen + 1 i overmorgen + 2 ( i over-overmorgen + 3 the - 3 and + 3 forms are rather colloquial , but nevertheless perfectly idiomatic . further recursions of prefixes / prepositions are only used in jocular ways , and predominantly by children . finally , if you have read this far , you are about to be rewarded with a summary of the data i have at this point . number of diurnal units either side of """" today """" : symmetrical deictic systems - 1 0 + 1 no examples - 2 - 1 0 + 1 + 2 23 examples - 3 - 2 - 1 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 14 examples - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 3 examples - 5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 1 example - erromangan ( vanuatu ) asymmetrical deictic systems - 2 - 1 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 3 examples - 2 - 1 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 1 example - malay - 2 - 1 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 1 example - hausa - 3 - 2 - 1 0 + 1 + 2 1 example - colloquial spanish ( southern spain ) it 's interesting to note that no language in the sample employs the - 1 0 + 1 system . and the majority of asymmetrical systems are lop-sided towards the + side of the present diurnal span . why this should be so , i do n't know . however , this sample is very small and perhaps a larger sample would show no such lop-sidedness towards the + """" today """" side . are the languages that show a lop-sidedness in a state of change ? most languages have a symmetrical vowel system e . g . the same number of front vowels as back vowels . however , there are quite a number of languages with asymmetrical vowel systems . what lies behind this asymmetry ? the answer to this question may lie in the following scenario [ from : crowley , t . ( 1992 ) an introduction to historical linguistics , oup , pp . 200-201 ] suppose that in a language with a nice symmetrical five vowel system : i u e o a the vowel / e / beocomes raised towards / i / and ultimately merges merges with / i / . the resulting asymmetrical system : i u o a will put structural pressure on the system , and , in time , it would not be surprising to see / o / merging with / u / . if a system becomes asymmetrical ( or uneven ) so as to create some sort of ` gap ' , then a change is likely to take place as a way of plugging that ` gap ' , thereby re-establishing an even ( or symmetrical ) system . if this is indeed a natural process in phonological systems , perhaps analogous processes occur in other systems , like temporal deictic systems . a language with an asymmetrical temporal deictic system may be in the process of historical change and the ` gap ' plugged in due time . japanese may be a language that is in the process of losing its + 3 deictic term . if this is indeed the case , it would be interesting to see whether , in due course , this """" imbalance """" is """" balanced """" again by the loss of its - 3 deictic term . i do n't know how valid any of this is , i ' m just speculating . anyway , back to symmetry . the most symmetrical system of all is that found in hindi : tarso - 4 narso - 3 parso - 2 kal - 1 aaj 0 present diurnal span kal ( bihaan ) + 1 parso + 2 narso + 3 tarso + 4 where there are not only an equal number expressions for diurnal units either side of """" today """" , but the expressions on either side are the same . distinction between """" before today """" and """" after today """" is made through use of past or future tense of the verb . in looking at a language 's temporal deictic system i guess we must not fail to take account of a number of important linguistic / cultural aspects . among these would be : * the culture 's view of time . is it a linear view or a cyclical view ? * the language 's tense / aspect systems . * the historical development of its deictic expressions in short , we can't study deictics in isolation . we must look at how it meshes grammatically with the language . i would be very interested in any of your views on the reasons for symmetry and asymmetry we find in this area of deixis . also , if you are interested in adding to my list of languages , i 'd be very grateful to receive your contribution . thanks again to all those generous people who sent me so much interesting data and opinions . yours today , tomorrow and . . . jan tent department of literature and language school of humanities the university of the south pacific p . o . box 1168 suva fiji tel : ( 679 ) 313900 ext . 2263 fax : ( 679 ) 305053 e - mail : tent _ j @ usp . ac . fj = 09
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 1046,""Subject: sum : greek l1
  
  content - length : 1735 a couple of weeks ago i asked the list for references to greek l1 acquisition . i got a number of responses , all pointing to the same few authors : ianthi - maria tsimply ( 1992 ) """" funtional categories and maturation : the prefunctional stage of language acquisition . """" phd thesis , ulc ursula stephany ( 1985 ) aspekt , tempus , modalitaet . tuebingen : narr _ _ _ _ ( 1995 ) the acquisition of modern greek . in d . i . slobin ( ed ) crosslinguistic study of language acquisition , vol . 4 _ _ _ _ data in childes gaberel drachman dealt with phonologial aspects of greek l1 in the 70 's ; papers are presumably published in the ohio working papers and in austrian phonologica during that time . i would like to thank neil smith , bob ingria , heike behrens , dan slobin wim zonneveld , yorgos xydopoulos and harriet jisa for their help . ( the order of my thanks is due to the order the mesages came in : ) susanne dopke ( phd ) linguistics monash university clayton vic 3168 australia ph : 61 - 3-9052298 fax : 61 - 3-9052294
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 1047,""Subject: n-ary comparison
  
  ( 1 ) very strongly support alexis mr 's message on n-ary comparison being stronger than binary comparison . as real minds work , it is the pragmatics of not going down false trails which is at issue . i am puzzled only by what he mentions as an exceptional case , that is , how ternary comparison could * * * ever * * * be worse than binary . even if a third language is included which is more divergent , has more loan vocabulary , or whatever , and therefore poses extra problems or barriers . that is not a consequence of the ternary status in the comparison , because if the same language were included as one member of a binary comparison , the same problems would presumably be there . ( 2 ) i did not respond earlier only because of lack of time . the preference for n-ary comparison , the claim that n-ary is only a multiple of binary , is obviously false , just as the notion that one should not be engaging in comparison if one needs to use a dictionary is obviously false ( alice faber answered that one , that if that restriction had been enforced , our knowledge would be far less than it now securely is ) . both of these supposed restrictions are for the convenience of the linguist analyst , artificially restricting the data available so as to make it seem as if the analyst 's knowledge is more complete for the task than it is , and give a greater ( but artificial ) sense of psychological security . it goes along with the statement by some historical linguists that they """" never want to make a mistake """" . of course none of us do , but some are willing to in order to advance knowledge , and even those who do not want to cannot make themselves immune . the very act of disregarding data which is """" too far afield """" can sometimes lead to mistakes . always possible when trying to * discover * answers when we do not know the answers in advance . rather , we are all human , and gigantic problems will be beyond any of us to completely solve ( attempts at partial solutions do not imply guilt or wrongdoing ) . this in no way implies we should not attempt to solve those problems . we should be tolerant of others ' efforts and use the best part of them , always . ( 3 ) j """" org knappen 's suggestion of """" families , classes , and orders """" a la the biologists does seem useful . can we have suggestions as to clues when we should use one or the other of such terms ? presumably some more sophisticated measure of degree of shared genetic material would be most analogous to the biological usages , rather than a simple lexicostatistical measure ? lloyd anderson
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 1048,""Subject: job : applied linguist
  
  date wed , 25 jan 95 10 : 12 : 43 cst from """" ronald w . long """" ( rwlong @ cmsuvmb ) subject position announcement to """" robert ( bob ) yates """" ( ryates @ cmsuvmb ) message - id ( 950125 . 101313 . cst . rwlong @ cmsuvmb ) assistant professor of tesl and applied linguistics central missouri state university department of english & philosophy , warrensburg , mo 64093 assistant professor of teaching english as a second language and applied linguistics . tenure track position to start august 1995 . ph . d . required . interest and experience in teaching and classroom - research in academic esl courses , linguistics , tesl methodology , and applied linguistics in a developing ma-tesl program . 12 hour teaching load . salary dependent upon qualification and experience . send letter of application describing experience and specialization , vita , transcripts , and three letters of recommendation to david smith , chair . applications acknowledged ; women and minorities encouraged to apply . review of applications begins on march 1 , 1995 and continues until filled . aa / eeo / ada . note : for further information electronically contact : ron long ( rwlong @ cmsuvmb . cmsu . edu ) .
 "",0
 1049,""Subject: language and species
  
  a few posts on the subject have pleased me : i am perhaps not alone in having eccentric beliefs about non-human languages . it had started when i was hoping , after finishing my phd , to work on dolphins ' language ; it had continued when i read , somewhere , that the deaf 's sign language was not a language ( how did those people whom i saw meeting regularly in the pub down the road communicate , then , if they did not have a language ? i often envied them being stone deaf - - cursed with hearing as i am , i dislike noisy pubs and restaurants ) . a that stage , it got me thinking that """" proper """" human language dealt with encoding an n-dimensional conceptual universe into one-dimensional strings ( perhaps with a degenerate dimension extra , if you pay attention to prosodic features ) . that , sign language , on the other hand , encoded it into definitely two dimensions or more - - even though i could not figure out how many , let alone which , having found so little in the literature ( just as anyone doing linguistics should know at least a few foreign languages , perhaps , perhaps they should know at least some sign language , and have practiced it . when i say """" perhaps """" i mean """" definitely """" , of course . """" perhaps """" is a euphemism , a weak excuse for not having taken the time to learn and practice sign language ) . later , about dolphins ' languages , no * cetacean * in this case , i read , somewhere , the circumstances under which orcs had learnt to avoid boats equipped with harpoon guns , which seemed to mean that they must have been """" told """" how to recognize them by the first to meet those boats for the first time . this seemed too efficient . you just try to explain to someone how to recognize a contraption never encountered before . no paper and pencil , just words . misunderstandings galore . that got me thinking about another possible form of communication . cetaceans """" see """" by sonar , like bats . they communicate , we read , by sound , in a very wide range ( a few hertz to 100khz or more if memory serves ) . what if they actually communicated by * projecting * sonar images then ? paintings as it were , along with stylized representations . animated too , that 's quite possible . later again , i tied that in with what some will tell you about the intelligence of birds , how some mynah birds seem to understand a few words and use them in the proper context . the complexity of bird songs . the hopelessness of some schemes dreamt up to find out if animals communicated through language strikes me now . putting birds , or whatever , in different cages or pens , training one set to push the third lever from the left to get food ; see if they communicate their discovery to the those in the other pen . if they communicate by projected sonar image we are looking for the needle in the haystack . by song modulation , ditto . there would be , at any rate , dozens , nay , hundreds of ways of explaining """" push the third lever """" . how would * you * say """" lever """" if you had never had anything like it in your environment ? """" third """" ? """" from the left """" ? so even if they jabbered in a human-like language , one phoneme after the other , we would have a very hard time of spotting their exchange . you know the story about how they said """" piano """" in beach - la - mar : """" big fella box , he got black and white teeth , missus belong white master he fight ' im belong him , box he cry now """" . there 's more than one way to say """" piano """" that way ! i have , then , come to this notion that , when we meet non-human , sentient beings , we probably won't recognize the fact . that those definitions ( and redefinitions ) of language as human language with these and those features , and if it has n't got it then it is n't language , are utterly uninteresting . they would be at best entirely useless , only vacuous tautologies ( is n't that self-referencing ! ) . but in fact they can only be obnoxious , leading to methods incapable of recognizing and analyzing """" non-human """" languages . such as asl ( insert a sarcastic smiley here ) . to conclude on a related theme . i keep reading how the reconstructed vocal tract of neanderthals shows that they could not have a full language , because . . . blah blah ( i really am loath to repeat the argument ) . how about the vocal tract of a parrot , reconstructed from its skeleton ? j . guy @ trl . oz . au
 "",0
 1050,""Subject: 
  
  phonology & phonetics burquest , donald a . and david l . payne ; phonological analysis : a functional approach : pb . : isbn : 0-88312 - 608 - 7 ; viii , 179 pp . ; $ 19 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics . burquest and payne have produced an introductory textbook oriented primarily to students interested in previously unstudied or little studied languages and who need a practical guide on how to carry out their investigation . it gives a broad base of exposure to the kind of phonological phenomena found in a range of languages . internet : academic . books @ sil . org textbook , phonology note : [ price correction for the book below ] watt , david l . e . the phonology and semology of intonation in english : an instrumental and systemic perspective . 1994 . 192 pp . 6x9 book . prepaid us $ 22 . 00 + 3 . 50 p&h ( us ) / 5 . 00 ( can ) / 5 . 50 ( other ) . iulc publications , 720 e . atwater ave . , bloomington in 47401 . < iulc . indiana . edu > watt presents an extensive study of intonation and its meaning potential from a systemic functional perspective , advancing halliday 's description of intonation . includes over 250 instrumentally derived illustrations of examples from original tape recordings , cited examples , and recordings of casual conversations . ( a previous posting to the list contained an incorrect price for the book . we regret any inconvenience . ) syntax harms , phillip l . ; epena pedee syntax : studies in the languages of colombia 4 ; pb . : isbn : 0-88312 - 276 - 6 ; xiv , 213 pp . $ 27 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics and university of texas arlington . the author describes the major grammatical structures of the language from morphology through discourse , with an introductory phonological sketch . epena pedee is an ergative-absolutive language , but one in which the subject has an important role , in that it manifests number agreement with the verb . internet : academic . books @ sil . org syntax , colombia wiering , elizabeth and marinus wiering ; the doyayo language : selected studies ; pb . : isbn : 0-88312 - 620 - 6 ; x , 299 pp . $ 28 . 00 summer institute of linguistics and university of texas arlington . doyayo is the language of about 15 , 000 people in northern cameroon . using a descriptive linguistic approach , the wierings cover phonology , structure of indicative verbs , some major systactic structures on levels from morpheme through discourse , and some features of folktales . internet : academic . books @ sil . org syntax , phonology , cameroon cope , pamela ; introductory grammar : a stratificational approach ; pb . ; isbn : 1-55671 - 001 - 1 ; ix , 113 pp . ; $ 12 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics . cope presents a clear exposition of stratificational grammar , intended primarily for beginning linguistic students . internet : academic . books @ sil . org textbook , syntax semantics berman , stephen r . ( university of massachusetts , amherst ) ; on the semantics and logical form of wh - clauses , pb . xiii + 279 pp . ph . d . dissertation , 1991 . $ 16 + s / h ( $ 3 domestic , $ 4 foreign surface ) . graduate linguistic student association ( glsa ) , university of massachusetts , amherst . this dissertation proposes a semantically dichotomous analysis of wh-clauses as denoting either questions or quantified propositions , depending on syntactic context ( in certain cases additionally influenced by lexical properties ) . behavior under quantificational adverbs provides the primary diagnostic tool and motivates analysing wh-phrases as inherently nonquantified open sentences , following the heim / kamp treatment of indefinites . restrictions on wh-phrase quantifiability , which it is argued interacts with presupposition , motivate the semantic dichotomy . additionally , the quantified interpretation is argued not to involve inherent exhaustiveness . contact glsa @ linguist . umass . edu for more info .
 "",0
 1051,""Subject: 
  
  lang classification grimes , joseph e . and barbara f . grimes ; ethnologue language family index ; pb . isbn : 0-88312 - 708 - 3 ; vi , 116 pp . ; $ 14 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics . this companion volume to ethnologue : languages of the world , twelfth edition lists language families of the world with sub-groups shown in a tree arrangement under the broadest classification of language family . the language family index facilitates locating language names in the ethnologue , making the data there more accessible . internet : academic . books @ sil . org languages , reference lang & culture gregerson , marilyn ; ritual , belief , and kinship in sulawesi ; pb . : isbn : 0-88312 - 621 - 4 ; ix , 194 pp . ; $ 25 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics . seven articles discuss five language groups in sulawesi , indonesia ; the primary focus is on cultural matters , with some linguistic content . topics include traditional religion and beliefs , certain ceremonies , and kinship . internet : academic . books @ sil . org language and society , indonesia computers & ling weber , david j . , stephen r . mcconnel , diana d . weber , and beth j . bryson ; primer : a tool for developing early reading materials ; pb . : isbn : 0-88313 - 678 - 8 ; xvi , 266 pp . + ms-dos software ; $ 26 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics . the authors present a computer program and instructions for developing reading materials in languages with little or no background in literacy . the book is structured as a how-to manual with step by step procedures to establish an appropriate primer sequence and to organize words , phrases , and sentences that correlate with the sequence . it presupposes a thorough knowledge of linguistics . internet : academic . books @ sil . org literacy , computer
 "",0
 1052,""Subject: innateness
  
  i made the following claim in my 22 - dec-94 posting : """" if x happens because y is innate , then this is a perfectly valid explanation for x 's occurrence ; if x happens for some other reason , then it 's not valid . """" i thought that this claim , being tautologous ( if we know what causes x , then we ' ve got an explanation for it ) , required no justification , but apparently i was wrong , since david powers ( 13 - jan-95 ) objects , on the basis that ` """" innateness """" amounts to saying """" because it [ ' ] s a fact of life """" . . . and saying that """" we are born with it """" is not an explanation . ' that is , apparently , even if we know that we are born with y , and that x happens because of this , we still have n't explained x 's occurrence . huh ? ( granted , we may now want to explain why """" we are born with y """" , too . but surely we ' ve got an explanation of some sort here , however partial it ultimately turns out be . and it 's got to be better than the relevant alternative : x happens because we learn x on the basis of """" general learning principles """" . ) i do think he has a legitimate objection to something , however , as discussed below . but first : perhaps i can put it another way , as i have elsewhere in the context of a fuller discussion ( """" on explaining the phoneme : why ( some of ) phonology { \ bf is } natural """" , bls 11 : 25-38 ( 1985 ) , p . 31 ) : a claim about innateness ( or lack thereof ) ` . . . should [ be ] evaluate [ d ] on the same basis [ as any other ] : does the evidence support the claim about innateness or does it not ? it would be just as wrong to claim that something that is innate is not , as to claim that something that is not innate is ' . it is true that making a claim about innatenes without evidence reveals """" laziness of the mind """" , but so does making a claim about lack of innateness . powers continues : ` . . . the science comes when we show ( a ) the sufficiency ; ( b ) the necessity & ( c ) the source of the posited [ innate ] constructs . ug is concentrating on ( a ) and there is a tendency to deprecate those who are interested in ( b ) and ( c ) - which go beyond the bound set by innateness . ' if ` ug ' really is out there running around making innateness claims solely on the basis of sufficiency arguments ( and i do n't doubt that some folks do this , alas ) , then i can understand why innateness has gotten a bad name . translating into syllogism-ese , such an argument would have the following form : """" y is innate """" entails x ; x is true ; therefore y is innate . logicians have a name for arguments of this form : """" affirming the consequent """" ; this is a classical logical fallacy . but , while individual practicioners may be guilty as charged , it is at least not always the case that innateness claims are made with disregard for ( b ) : arguments from """" the poverty of the stimulus """" , the unavailability of negative ( ungrammaticality ) evidence , and the ( alleged ) lack of errors by children that violate structure dependency are all clearly cases in point . ( see , e . g . , chomsky 's _ reflections on language _ . ) note further that my requirement in the above quote is stronger than requiring just ( a ) and ( b ) : """" y causes x """" entails """" y is necessary and sufficient for x """" , but not vice versa ( e . g . , if z causes both y and x ) . and , while i agree that deciding to pursue ( c ) should not be grounds for deprecation , neither should , i would think , deciding not to pursue it . this elephant is too big for any one """" blind man """" to figure out alone ! don churma , dept . of english , ball state univeristy , muncie , in 47306
 "",0
 1053,""Subject: n - ary vs . binary
  
  lloyd anderson asks how n-ary ( for n greater than 2 ) comparison could ever be worse than binary . consider the problem of heads and tails when we toss coins . what are the chances of two coins ( standing for two languages obviously ) both coming up the same ( i . e . , both heads or both tails ) when tossed once ? since there are four possible outcomes of the binary toss , namely , hh , ht , tt , and th , and only two where both come up the same , the chances are 50 % . but now consider what happens when we toss three coins ( standing for three languages ) . since a coin only has two sides , in each possible outcome at least two of the coins come up the same . so the chances of 2 out of 3 coming up the same ( which would correspond to saying let two out of three languages agree in something and then they are related ) are 100 % ( which means this is not a valid test for relatedness ) . of course , if we had wanted all 3 out 3 to come up the same , then the situation would be drastically different , but in linguistics n-ary comparison never to my knowledge involves such a requirement . however , the only reason that n-ary comparison does so poorly here is that ( a ) there are only two possible outcomes per language , i . e . , languages come in only two varieties , and ( b ) the number of languages being compared is small ( only three ) . the ( a ) part is the one where real linguistic applications are drastically different from our little coin-tossing game ( since when you look for language relationships , you are looking at hundreds or thousands or maybe even more possibilities , not two , because you are looking at phonological shapes of morphemes mostly , and these allow lots of possibilities , at least thousands ) . so in the real situations that alone insures that n-ary comparison is better than binary . but it is also true that if you increase the number of coins ( languages ) in ( b ) , that also has the same effect . but you still have to be careful : the main concern is that given n languages being compared you must worry about how many out of the n are required to agree and about not making that number too small ( if you do , then again chance tends to take over ) . which raises a question : is there any published work on comparing languages which explicitly calculates these numbers ( and does it right ) ? alexis mr
 "",0
 1054,""Subject: re : 6 . 108 sum : words that are their own opposites ( part 2 )
  
  i ' ve been enjoying the discussion of words that are their own antonyms . at first i thought the classic example of latin altus """" high """" or """" deep """" might fit in , but as i thought about it i figured it was just unmarked for point of view ( say when cleaning out an empty swimming pool then """" deep """" becomes """" high """" ) so i just looked to see if it was on the list and got a comment . no . good . but one that i have long wondered about is """" risk """" as in """" he risked winning the game """" . i was shocked ( as a teenager ) the first time i saw """" he risked losing the game """" ( or something like that ) in print , because i previously thought ( and am still inclined toward ) the complement of risk being the desirable result , not the undesirable one . whether or not this fits into this discussion , i wonder if anyone else has had a similar ( or opposite ) reaction or any thoughts about what 's going on in the case of """" risk """" . benji
 "",0
 1055,""Subject: s . hattori dies
  
  this is the english version of the official announcement released for the japanese press on the afternoon of february 1 , 1995 . - - kazuto matsumura january 31 , 1995 it is with great sorrow and regret that , on behalf of his family , we have to inform you that our respected teacher , the linguist dr . shiro hattori , member of the japan academy , passed away , at the age of eighty-six at 0 : 03 o ' clock , january 29th , 1995 , after a long illness . we would like to inform his friends that the funeral will take place at the sennichidai kaido ( 19 minami - motomachi , shinjuku - ku , tokyo , japan 160 ; tel 3-3353 - 4541 , fax 3-3360 - 6714 ) , at 13 : 00 o ' clock , february 16 . the service will be non-denominational . we would be grateful if you could pray with us that his soul may rest in peace . sincerely yours , hajime kitamura , the chairman funeral service committee
 "",0
 1056,""Subject: """" sycopahnt """" and """" sign of the fig """"
  
  the responses to my recent enquiry about the word """" sycophant """" and the """" sign of the fig """" were very interesting and varied . in view of this , instead of summarizing the responses i am forwarding them with minor editing : figs were first introduced in greece as expensive ( and therefore prestigious status symbols ) so that to own a fig tree was a big deal and waiting for the tree to come to fruit-bearing age and pick the fruit itself an even bigger deal . security was often low ( no electric street lights ) and so often non fig owners indulged in stealing figs ( it was probably a daredevil act too ) . so , it was decreed that anyone caught stealing figs was a crime and rewards were given to those who revealed ( phanein ) the fig ( syko ) thieves . of course , since the pilferers were probably less happy about being finked on than the fig owners , the term ' fig revealer / shower ' took on very negative connotation . it 's one thing to be steal badly and get caught ( 'd eservedly ' for botching up ) but quite another to be told on : and so goes on the lore about how sycophant came to be ( still used in modern greek , as it is in english ) but i cannot swear on its authenticity . at least that 's what we were taught in primary ( athens ) . jenny dalalakis , mcgill university , linguistics , e-mail bgbi @ musicb . mcgill . ca * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the sign of the fig is a highly insulting hand gesture used , so far as i know , in italy ( perhaps in other places , too . ) it is made by making a fist , with the thumb inserted between the index and middle fingers . the gesture represents th e female genitalia . a photograph of someone making the sign of the fig appears in the book gestures , a book of some ten to fifteen years ago illustrating and explaining various gestures , not just insulting ones , from a number of cul - tures . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * in dante 's inferno , the sign of the fig is a sign of disrespect , in this case aimed at god ( presumably because of the forbidden apple / fig thing . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * . . . by the sign of the fig you mean a gesture , quite common in many european cultures , where you put your thumb between the first 2 fingers . originally this was symbol for sexual intercourse and therefore an obscene sign . ( """" fig """" is one of the euphemisms for the female genital . ) i know from a viennese dialect dictionary that the sign used to be current hereabouts , but it is not widely used now , whereas in italy and esp . in russia ( as to greece , i forget ) it is very current now . in russian it has lost its original obscene meaning and means simply something like """" not at all """" or """" you are pretending to work while you are not """" or """" the hell you do """" . though not indecent . . still indecent . according to barbara monahan , ( a dictionary of russian gestures ) , """" this is one of the most widely used gestures in the soviet union . . . . it is not at all indecent or vulgar . it is really the nonverbal equivalent of a very strong """" no """" . ( p . 86 ) ( among adults it can be insulting . ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the etymology of sycophant is sukon ' fig ' and phainen ' to show ' . the story is that at one time it was supposedly against the law to export figs from athens and sukophantes often turned in violators of the unpopular law for their own personal gain , these toadies being widely despised . in a word , sycophants were originally informers on fig exporters . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the sign of the fig , also known by its latin name , """" manus ficus """" , was and apparently still is a mediterranean equivalent of the north american """" giving the finger """" insult . it is formed by placing the thumb between the index and middle fingers of the closed , fist . interestingly , in the american manual alphabet , it is the handshape representing the letter """" t """" , but is avoided in the manual alphabets of many countries and replaced by other similar but less offensive handshapes . according to _ the hand book _ ( linda lee and james charlton , prentice - hall , 1980 ) , """" the / fica / or fig sign is an ancient copulatory gesture . here the thumb is thrust between the forefinger and the middle finger of the same hand , simulating the penis thrust through a woman 's labia . ( . . . ) it is called the / fica / or fig because the inserted thumb is about the size and shape of the fig , which , being an ancient symbol of abundance , carried with it a sense of virility and fecundity to the / mano in fica / . ( . . . ) """" ( page 70 ) . i do n't know anything about the semantic evolution of the word , but informally , i can see how the present meaning of sycophant would apply to the kind of person who would hang around on the sidelines of the action at a trial , making rude gestures at an accused , deriving the right to do so by associating him / herself with the people in power who were judging the case . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * i seem to vaguely remember from my high school days that a sycophant was someone who kept an eye on the fig trees to make sure that no one stole the fruit . now , when someone was taken to court , because allegedly they had stolen figs , the sycophant would provide evidence against them by pushing aside the fig leaves and showing that some figs had been removed ! unfortunately , i cannot remember why it was a crime to cut the fruit of the fig trees ! were they intended to be offered to gods ? that could be a possible reason why they were so precious . i cann ' t remember really . . . incidentally , sycophantis in modern greek means the ' one who presents in court or in public unfounded accusations against someone ' . this probably relates to the fear of ancient athenians that someone might ' throw ' at them accusations that they would n't have been able to cope with , since a sycophant 's testimony was not to be questioned in any way . phantis in greek is an agent ; it does not mean the sign , but the person who presents something or makes something known . for example , ierophantis means someone who unravels the sacred signs of gods , i . e . a seer or prophet . modern greek has got both a verb sycopha ' nto and an abstract noun sycopha ' ntia . one last bit of ethnographic detail : it is or at least used to be common practice in greece to cut figs from trees without considering issues of who the tree / farm belongs to ! it is believed that fig trees just grow on their own without any special care and therefore do not belong to anybody . thanks for the opportunity to switch back to my mother tongue for a while ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * sykophantes ist ein verbales rektionskompositum aus """" phaino : to sukon """" ( to point at the figs ) , das zum erstenmal bei aristophanes acharner 559 ( 425 v . chr . ) auftritt . sein urspruenglicher sinn ist schon in der antike umstritten , vgl . lidell - scott , s . v . : sykophantes ist ein verbales rektionskompositum aus """" phaino : to su : kon """" ( to point at the figs ) , das zum erstenmal bei aristophanes , ach . 559 ( 425 v . chr . ) auftritt . sein urspruenglicher sinn ist schon in der antike umstritten , vgl . lidell - scott , s . v . : """" orig . used of denouncers of the attempted export of figs from athens acc . to . . . plu . solon 24 , 2 . 523b ; . . . of citizens entrusted with the collection of figs as a part of public revenues etc . . . . these and modern explanations are mere guesses . """" ebenfalls bei aristophanes ( pax 1350 ) findet sich der erste beleg fuer suykon = pudenda muliebra und das feminum sukopha ' ntria mit komischer bedeutung ( """" eine frau die ihr su : kon sehen laesst """" , plut . 970 ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * do you have eric partridge 's _ origins _ ? if not , let me know . it has a bit of stuff in it that is more clearly expressed than oed . jon from """" origins """" by eric partridge : """" orig such an informer as denounced those who sold contraband figs or who stole fruit from the sacred fig-trees , as the ancients explained it ; a rogue , because . . . he was addicted to the indecent gesture . . . """" * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * thanks again , richard blucher blucher @ umbc2 . umbc . edu
 "",0
 1057,""Subject: ceth summer seminar on electronic texts in the humanities
  
  electronic texts in the humanities : methods and tools the fourth annual ceth summer seminar , 11-23 june 1995 , princeton university organized by center for electronic texts in the humanities , princeton and rutgers universities and co-sponsored by centre for computing in the humanities , university of toronto seminar directors : susan hockey , center for electronic texts in the humanities willard mccarty , centre for computing in the humanities an intensive two-week seminar is again being offered by the center for electronic texts in the humanities ( ceth ) in june 1995 . the seminar will address a wide range of challenges and opportunities that electronic texts and software offer to teachers , scholars , and librarians in the humanities . the focus will be practical and methodological , with the immediate aim of assisting participants in their teaching , research and advising . in response to demand , we are expanding the seminar in 1995 to allow for sixty participants . there will be plenary sessions and six parallel tracks devoted to specific areas of humanities computing . participants attend all plenary sessions and select one parallel track for more detailed study . they will work on their own projects and will have the opportunity to present them at the end of the seminar . schedule ( pl = plenary session ) sunday , june 11 6 pm registration , reception and introductions . monday , june 12 am pl : what electronic texts are and where to find them pm pl : creating and capturing texts in electronic form ; tuesday , june 13 am pl : introduction to concordances and text retrieval pm pl : overview of the text encoding initiative and sgml wednesday , june 14 am pl : large text databases . artfl . dartmouth dante project , oed pm parallel tracks thursday , june 15 am pl : electronic editions and scholarly publishing ( panel ) . pm parallel tracks friday , june 16 am pl : introduction to structured databases . pm parallel tracks monday , june 19 am pl : hypertext for the humanities . pm parallel tracks tuesday , june 20 am pl : overview of digital imaging techniques . demonstrations . pm individual project work . wednesday , june 21 am pl : institutional support for electronic texts ( panel ) . pm parallel tracks thursday , june 22 am pl : discussion on the limitations of existing software . pm pl : presentation of participants ' projects . 6 pm cocktails and banquet . friday , june 23 am pl : presentation of participants ' projects . pm pl : concluding discussion of basic questions . what from a scholarly and methodological perspective is to be gained ? parallel tracks 1 . textual analysis an intensive study of textual analysis tools and their applications . indexed interactive retrieval vs batch concordance generation . using tact and micro - ocp . applications : stylistics , corpus linguistics , literary criticism , instructors : susan hockey , center for electronic texts in the humanities willard mccarty , centre for computing in the humanities 2 . text encoding initiative ( tei ) and sgml using the tei 's application of the standard generalized markup language ( sgml ) . document structure and sgml elements , dtds sgml entities , tei core tags and base tag sets , tei header , additional tag sets . processing tei encoded texts . instructor : c . m . sperberg - mcqueen , editor - in - chief of the tei . 3 . scholarly editing computer tools for the preparation and publication of scholarly editions . transcription and computer imaging of sources ; collation ; use of the tei guidelines for scholarly editions ; making hypertext electronic editions instructor : peter robinson , oxford university centre for humanities computing . 4 . hypertext for the humanities an introduction to developing hypertexts for the humanities . building and using hypercard stacks and world wide web documents . design and use of example hypertexts . examination of their role in humanities research and teaching . instructor : geoffrey rockwell , head of humanities computing , mcmaster univ 5 . tools for historical analysis a survey of the methods most frequently used by historians in their computer-aided teaching and research , focusing on database and statistical processing , also content analysis , corpus creation and image processing . instructor : daniel greenstein , senior lecturer in modern history , glasgow univ 6 . setting up an electronic text center the practical aspects of setting up and managing electronic text centers . hardware and software for stand-alone and networked resources , collection development , training , budget , licensing , and institutional relations . instructor : anita lowry , head of the information arcade , university of iowa details dates : june 11-23 , 1995 cost : $ 1275 for nonstudents . $ 1075 for students . the fee includes tuition , use of computer facilities , printed seminar materials , opening reception , lunches ( monday through friday both weeks ) , and a closing banquet . payment is requested at the time of acceptance . location : princeton university , the fourth oldest college in north america , was founded in 1746 . during their stay , seminar participants have access to the university 's extensive computing systems , as well as the princeton art museum and the library system which houses about five million books , and nearly 35 , 000 journals , manuscripts , and papyri . all classrooms , lab facilities , and dormitories are within walking distance on the historic and picturesque princeton , new jersey campus . accommodation : bed and breakfast accommodation is available princeton university student housing facilities at a cost of $ 25 per day . ceth will assist participants in finding hotel accommodations if preferred . application enrollment is limited to sixty participants . application requires two parts : a cover sheet and a statement of interest . current students applying for the reduced rate must also include a photocopy of their valid student id . e - mail submissions must have the subject line """" summer seminar application . """" applications will be reviewed by a committee consisting of members of ceth 's governing board . on your cover sheet include : your name , current institutional affiliation and your position , postal and e-mail addresses , telephone and fax numbers , natural language interest and computing experience , and parallel tracks you are interested in attending , listed in order of preference . you may indicate up to three parallel tracks . if your first choice is full , you will be assigned to your second choice and so on . in statement of interest include how your participation in the seminar would be relevant for your teaching , research , advising , or administrative work , and possibly that of your colleagues ; what particular project you would like to undertake during the seminar or what area of the humanities your would like most to explore ; and the extent of your computing experience . application deadline : february 21 , 1995 notification of acceptance by march 21 , 1995 send all applications to : ceth summer seminar 1995 , center for electronic texts in the humanities , 169 college avenue , new brunswick , new jersey 08903 u . s . a . phone : 908 / 932-1384 ; fax : 908 / 932-1386 ; e - mail ceth @ zodiac . rutgers . edu [ a longer version of this notice is on the ceth www server at http : / / cethmac . princeton . edu ]
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 1058,""Subject: specialization in brazilian indigenous languages
  
  specialization in brazilian indigenous languages this specialization program intends to prepare linguists to do research on indigenous languages from brazil providing intensive training on methodologies for description and analysis of data as well as on the evaluation and reanalysis of published and unpublished materials on brazilian indigenous languages . the program will be developed in the national museum of the federal university of rio de janeiro between august / 95 and june / 96 . four courses will be taught : 1 . phonetic and phonological systems of brazilian indigenous languages ; 2 . morphosyntactic features of brazilian indigenous languages ; 3 . phonological analysis of brazilian indigenous languages ; 4 . morphological and syntactic analysis of brazilian indigenous languages ; instructors will be the following faculty members of the linguistic division of the department of anthropology of the national museum : bruna franchetto , doctor in social antropology ( federal university of rio de janeiro ) ; charlotte emmerich , doctor in linguistics ( federal university of rio de janeiro ) ; marilia faco soares , doctor in sciences ( state university of campinas - unicamp ) ; yonne de freitas leite , doctor in linguistics ( university of texas , austin ) ; marcia maria damaso vieira , doctor in sciences ( state university of campinas - unicamp ) ; marcus maia , doctor in linguistics ( university of southern california ) - ethnographic and sociolinguistic aspects of brazilian indigenous languages . applications will be accepted during july / 96 and must include the following documents : 1 . copy of undergraduate degree ; 2 . curriculum vitae ; 3 . 2 letters of recommendation ; 4 . registration fee ; 5 . two photos . selection of 20 candidates will be based on cv analysis and personal interview . for further information , please contact : maia @ vms1 . nce . ufrj . br
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 1059,""Subject: wkshp : * early * i - e ( = ) uralic interactions
  
  i am organizing a combination colloquium and working seminar which is planned to take place in oulu finland just after the jyvaskyla 8th internat ' l fenno - ugric congress ( fu8 runs thru 15 august ' 95 ) . entitled """" the peopling ( s ) of the north , """" this gathering is intended to convoke roughly 30-40 scholars to discuss the archaeological , bioanthropological , ethnographic ( including comparative myth / religion / folkways etc ) , and * linguistic * data , concepts , and methods as these all inter-relate and bear on the question of the development of the sundry peoples of scandinavia , fenno - karelia , northwest russia , and the northern circum - urals . this gathering is to aid idea exchange among specialists in the domains pertinent to reconstruction of the ( pre ) historical events and processes involved in the peopling ( s ) of this region . those in each speciality will be required to speak to their ignorances , i . e . , to come prepared to discuss * not * what they already know , but to point out what they really would * like * to know from those in the other specialities . the aim is to avoid the presentation of set-pieces and to foment exploration of the many possible ways in which each of the various ( pre ) historical disciplines can feed from the others . my collaborators in this venture ( norbert strade , historically and archaeologically inclined linguist , in aarhus dk ; milton nunez , ethnologically and geographically inclined archaeologist in oulu ) and i have a long list of probable participants . however , we feel that there is a distinct under - representation as regards indo - europeanist linguistics . those i - eists of our acquaintance who are interested in pre - i - e substrate effects in northern europe , possible early i - e and f - u interactions in the north ( or elsewhere ) , and other intriguing themes of relevance to our plans , cannot make it to oulu in august . thus i am sending this request . if anyone is interested , please contact me . nb - the time frame for us begins with the repopulation of the north as the last ice age retreated , hence less than 10 , 000bp . all discussion of i - e ( = ) uralic interactions and / or relations grounded in posits of macro-families &c with roots in ` deep time ' therefore falls outside the scope of our plans . i hope to hear from you . ken jacobs voice : ( 514 ) 343-6490 [ office ] assoc . prof . ( 514 ) 685-2349 [ home ] departement d ' anthropologie fax : ( 514 ) 343-2494 universite de montreal e-mail : jacobsk @ ere . umontreal . ca cp 6128 / succ . centre - ville montreal pq h3c 3j7 canada
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 1060,""Subject: conference announcement and call for papers
  
  content - length : 3132 conference announcement and call for papers 11th annual meeting of the language origins society july 28 - aug 1 , 1995 janus pannonius university , pecs , hungary papers on all aspects of the origin and evolution of signed and spoken languages are welcome . since progress in this field of research is best achieved through a multidisciplinary approach , the los and the organizers of this meeting are anxious to enlist the combined efforts of all interested scholars , especially those of anthropologists , archaeologists , biologists , cognitive scientists , ethologists , linguists , palaeontologists , and psychologists . a selection of the papers presented at this meeting will be published as soon as possible . those who wish to present a paper ( los membership is not a prerequisite ) are kindly requested to send a 300 - word abstract to the organizers . computer users are asked to send their texts in electronic format on 3 . 5 """" diskettes preferably processed with wordperfect or ms - word . downloading electronic files is also possible ( and indeed preferred ) , though authors using non - ascii characters in their texts are advised to send their abstracts on diskettes . the standard registration fee will be us $ 50 . 00 , the student us $ 25 . 00 . special arrangements have been made for lodging and some of the meals : in the venue of the los meeting : the total cost for six nights starting july 27 plus breakfast and lunch each day will be : us $ 310 . 00 for a single us $ 215 . 00 per person for a double n . b . these prices could vary slightly with the exchange rate . tentative plans are being made for a 3 - day post-conference tour . the organizers will give out the details as they become available to them . correspondence should be addressed to : gabor gyori janus pannonius university department of english ifjusag utja 6 . 7624 pecs hungary phone / fax : ( internat ' l ) 36 72 314-714 e - mail : gyorig @ btk . jpte . hu the organizers ask that those who can be reached electronically kindly indicate their e-mail addresses in their correspondence . it is kindly requested that abstracts be in their possession no later than april 15 , 1995 and that hotel reservations be made also before that date , by sending , along with the request , a deposit of us $ 50 . 00 or its equivalent in any other freely convertible currency . this sum should be in the form of a certified bank check payable to gabor gyori .
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 1061,""Subject: tilburg conference on ot
  
  call for papers tilburg university conference on the derivational residue in phonology 1 - 7 october 1995 the grammatical models group of tilburg university plans to organize a conference on the derivational residue in phonology . in this conference we hope to discuss all topics which were dealt with in standard generative phonology by derivational means such as level ordering , ( strict ) cyclicity and rule ordering , in the light of the recent shift of attention towards theories that are more representational in nature . can all the derivational tools mentioned be replaced by representational instruments ? if they can , what should the ` optimal ' representational theory look like ? if they cannot , what exactly is the residue of derivationalism that we still need ? we invite all papers with these or related topics ( a more complete description of the conference topic can be found below ) both for and against purely representational approaches to phonology . we expect to be able to ( partially ) reimburse travelling expenses and lodging for our speakers . furthermore we are proud that bruce hayes and geert booij have already agreed to be our invited speakers . deadline those interested in presenting a paper ( 40 minutes talks , 15 minutes discussion ) should send 5 copies of a two page abstract ( 10 anonymous ; 1 camera-ready , with name ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) and contact address , including e-mail ) to : marc van oostendorp or ben hermans , grammaticamodellen , tilburg university , postbus 90153 , 5000 le , tilburg , the netherlands . abstracts must be received by 1 may 1995 . abstracts with page text considered too condensed to be read will be rejected without review . no email submissions accepted . for additional information contact b . j . h . hermans @ kub . nl or m . voostendorp @ kub . nl . topic of the conference during the past few years the main focus of attention in phonology seems to have been shifted from derivational to representational models , such as prince and smolensky 's optimality theory , goldsmith 's harmonic phonology and burzio 's pes - model . yet generative phonologists have accumulated substantial evidence for derivational analysis . in standard lexical phonology , for instance , derivationalism plays a role in several ways : the model is divided into a lexical and a postlexical component , the lexical component itself is divided into several lexical levels , some lexical levels are cyclic and every affix starts its own cycle and , finally , the phonologicals rule within every cycle are ordered . the question is how we have to evaluate all these derivational instruments in a representational theory of phonology . the distinction between lexical and postlexical phonology seems to be least controversial . most optimality theory analyses seem to accept at least this remnant of derivationalism . yet one could imagine a more radical version of a purely representational theory in which the distinction between word-level and phrasal phonology is accounted for in an appropriate theory of phonological domains . in any case , the question remains as to how we have to evaluate the traditional criteria for lexical-postlexical distinction ( exceptions , sensitivity to morphological and syntactic boundaries , etc . ) in a theory of constraints and constraint ranking . similar questions could be asked about the internal level ordering within the lexical component . can all analyses which used to be framed in terms of lexical levels be reframed in representational terms ? and to what extent can a theory which makes extensive use of lexical levels still be called ` representational ' ? most discussion on derivationalism within optimality theory seems to have been concentrated on the issue of cyclicity . it has been demonstrated that some cyclic analyses can be replaced by an adequate theory of alignment between phonological and morphological structure . is this everything that needs to be said about this issue ? are , for instance , cyclic versions of ot feasible and desirable ? similarily , considerable effort has been put by several researchers into showing that strict cyclicity as a theoretical concept is superfluous or that it can be replaced by a theory of underspecification . whether this is an adequate answer to all derived environment effects is another topic we hope to address . finally , we expect that even at the finest grained level of derivationalism , viz . phonological rule ordering ( both intrinsic and extrinsic ) interesting questions remain unanswered . in particular all cases of what used to be known as counter-feeding and counter-bleeding relations seem to us still to be open for discussion . all of these questions have considerable conceptual import , yet it seems to us that they can ultimately be answered empirically . the issue of derivationalism is one of the interesting challenges that optimality theory and the other models mentioned earlier pose . we hope to receive many abstracts dealing with it .
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 1062,""Subject: conference announcement / call for papers : celtic linguistics
  
  * * * * * * celtic linguistics conference * * * * * second posting and call for papers a conference on the formal linguistics of the celtic languages will be held in university college dublin on june 22-23 1995 . invited speakers include jim mccloskey ( university of california at santa cruz ) , ian roberts ( university of north wales , bangor ) , david adger ( university of york ) and james scobbie ( queen margaret college , edinburgh ) . abstracts are invited for 45 - minute talks ( 30 + 15 ) on all aspects of theoretically-oriented research on the celtic languages . please submit 4 copies of a 1 - page abstract ( 3 anonymous and one camera - ready copy with name , affiliation etc . ) to the address below . abstracts must be received by february 28th , 1995 [ please note extended deadline ] . the conference will be held on the belfield campus ( approximately 5 km from the city centre ) . accommodation will be available on campus . expressions of interest and requests for further information should be sent to either of the following addresses : chiosain @ ollamh . ucd . ie acquaviv @ ccvax . ucd . ie or to celtic linguistics conference department of linguistics university college dublin belfield , dublin 4 ireland
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 1063,""Subject: fellowship applications for lsa linguistic institute
  
  content - length : 1087 reminder : applications for student fellowships for the 1995 linguistic institute to be held 26 june to 4 august at the university of new mexico must be on file at the lsa secretariat by 11 february . no email or fax materials will be accepted . for further information , please contact the lsa secretariat at zzlsa @ gallua . gallaudet . edu
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 1064,""Subject: msu syntax position
  
  content - length : 1063 the department of linguistics and germanic , slavic , asian , and african languages at michigan state university invites applications for a temporary position at the assistant professor level in linguistics , pending approval of the provost , to begin august 1995 . research and teaching specialization in syntax . responsibilities include teaching graduate and undergraduate courses ; capability to teach gb / minimalist theory particularly desirable . ph . d . by time of appointment . review of applicants will begin march 20 , 1995 and continue until the position is filled . send letter of application , vita , names of three references , representative research / publications , and u . s . visa status if non-citizen to : patricia paulsell , acting chair , department of linguistics and germanic , slavic , asian , and african languages , a-617 wells hall , michigan state university , east lansing , mi 48824-1027 . all candidates will be kept informed of the progress of the search . handicappers have the right to request and receive reasonable accommodation . msu is an aa / eoe institution .
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 1065,""Subject: m . a . in scandinavian linguistics
  
  content - length : 2925 m . a . in scandinavian linguistics at the university of troms = f8 1995-1996 the linguistics section of the institute for language and literature at the university of troms = f8 , norway , offers a one year course leading up to a master of arts degree , starting the fall of 1995 . the course is designed to prepare students for research in generative syntax and phonology with special attention to the scandinavian languages . the course is open to students from all countries with a background in linguistics corresponding roughly to a b . a . with a major in linguistics , or a norwegian cand . mag . the course is equivalent to 60 e . c . t . s credits . instruction will be in english . proficiency in a scandinavian language is not required , nor is previous knowledge of scandinavian grammar . those who wish may follow a course in norwegian for foreigners during the whole year . students pay no tuition , only a nominal registration fee . a limited number of grants are available for students from eastern europe or developing countries . the course will consist of lectures , seminars , and tutorials , with examinations at the end of each term ( fall and spring term ) . in addition , the students are required to write two research papers . in the fall of 1995 there will be a lecture series on scandinavian syntax and another one on scandinavian phonology . in addition there will be seminars , tutorials , and a crash course in icelandic grammar . in the spring of1996 there will be a lecture series on historical scandinavian linguistics , plus seminars and tutorials . also during spring term the students will write their two research papers . the teachers are anders holmberg and tarald taraldsen ( syntax ) , ove lorenz and curtis rice ( phonology ) . other teachers who will contribute at various points in the course include christer platzack , cecilia falk ( university of lund ) , halld = f3r a . sigurdsson ( university of iceland ) , tomas riad ( university of stockholm ) . for further information , contact anders holmberg isl , linguistics university of troms = f8 n-9037 troms = f8 , norway phone : 47-77645616 , fax : 47-77645625 e-mail : andersh @ isl . uit . no
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 1066,""Subject: computational linguistics j
  
  subject : time : 5 : 52 pm office memo computational linguistics job date : 2 / 2 / 95 university of melbourne department of linguistics lecturer in computational linguistics ( three - year appointment ) . this position is being readvertised the department of linguistics is a dynamic new department with growing strengths in discourse , semantics , cognitive science and speech synthesis . we wish to develop new teaching and research programs in computational linguistics at undergraduate and postgraduate levels , and are seeking a lecturer in computational linguistics , for a three year appointment beginning in june / july 1995 . the position is funded by university development funds and the microsoft institute of advanced software technology . subject to the success of the program in attracting students and establishing research in the area , it is hoped to advertise a continuing position in computational linguistics at the end of the three-year term . duties : you should have expertise in computational linguistics , a good background in general linguistics , and additional specializations in one or more areas of nlp , such as machine translation , text generation , computational phonology or computational morphology , linguistic knowledge representation . you will contribute to the development of teaching and research in computational linguistics through the teaching of undergraduate and postgraduate courses in the linguistics and cognitive science programs , as well as some teaching in general linguistics ; through supervision of postgraduate research in linguistics and in relevant parts of the cognitive science program . you will pursue research in one or more of the above areas , and help coordinate the linguistics contribution to the master 's in cognitive science . further information about the position , and the linguistics department , may be obtained from ms christine mckeown , administrative assistant , department of linguistics , university of melbourne , parkville 3052 , australia . tel . : 03 344 5488 ; fax 03 344 4980 ; email christine _ mckeown @ muwayf . unimelb . edu . au . applications ( including the names and facsimile numbers of three referees ) should be sent to the director , personnel services , the university of melbourne , parkville , victoria , 3052 ; fax ( 03 ) 344 4694 , or emailed to christine _ mckeown @ muwayf . unimelb . edu . au . applications close march 20th , 1995 . salary range : a $ 41 , 574 to $ 49 , 370 according to experience and qualifications . the university of melbourne is an equal opportunity employer and has a smoke-free workplace policy .
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 1067,""Subject: job announcement : taiwan university
  
  content - length : 2561 dear linguist netters : i have been asked by our department chairman to post the following announcement to the net . please apply directly to the department via snail-mail - the people you want to talk to are not yet e-mail initiates . please do not e-mail me personally about any of this - i ' m not equipped to handle any more mail than i already get ( now i understand why so many others add this disclaimer ) ! i would very much appreciate it if those of you subscribed to lists relating to tesl , any kind of english or american literature , german , or other appropriate subject matter would please repost this to those lists . thank you / vielen dank / duo1xie4 ! karen steffen chung national taiwan university + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + national taiwan university department of foreign languages and literatures + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + * instructor * assistant professor * associate professor * professor + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + applications are invited for teaching posts , available august 1995 , in the following fields : ( 1 ) british english literature ( old / middle english literature preferred ) ; ( 2 ) tefl ; ( 3 ) german . advanced degrees in english , tefl , or german required ; teaching experience preferred . appointment will be made at one of the four levels mentioned above , depending on the appointee 's qualifications and teaching experience . initial appointment will be on a one-year , renewable basis . each applicant should submit ( 1 ) a curriculum vitae ; ( 2 ) a copy of your ma / ph d diploma ; ( 3 ) three letters of recommendation ; ( 4 ) a complete set of transcripts of all graduate-level study ; and ( 5 ) proof of past / current employment . applicants who pass the preliminary review will be asked to send four copies of their academic work ( including ma / ph d thesis ) published within the past three years or which have been accepted for publication . application materials should reach the chairman at the following address by march 1 , 1995 . dr . ching - hsi perng , chairman dept . of foreign languages and literatures national taiwan university 1 , roosevelt road , section 4 taipei , taiwan , 106 roc phone / fax : 886 - 2-363 - 9395 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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 1068,""Subject: baal book prize 1995
  
  content - length : 2542 british association for applied linguistics baal book prize 1995 the british association for applied linguistics ( baal ) offers an annual award for ' an outstanding book in the field of applied linguistics ' . nominations for the 1995 prize ( for books published in 1994 ) are now invited . books in any field of applied linguistics are eligible , provided they are published in english and bear a 1994 copyright date . eligibility is not restricted to british authors or to books published in the uk . the definition of applied linguistics , for the purposes of the award , is a wide one . many studies in sociolinguistics , discourse analysis , education and will come within the scope of the baal book prize , as will many language reference books . for example , last year 's winner was ruth lesser and lesley milroy ' linguistics and aphasia ' , published by longmans , 1993 . a special award was also made to longmans ' language activator ' . also shortlisted last year were brian street ( ed ) ' cross - cultural approaches to literacy ' ( cambridge university press , 1993 ) , and c . kramsch ' context and culture in language teaching ' ( oxford university press , 1993 ) . previous winners include susan berk - seligson ' the bilingual courtroom ' ( university of chicago press , 1990 ) , joshua fishman ' reversing language shift ' ( multilingual matters , 1991 ) , ' dictionary of british sign language ' ( faber and faber , 1992 ) entries must be made by * publishers * by 28th february 1995 if you published a book in 1994 which you think may be suitable , let your publisher know about the award . further details of how to enter can be obtained from david graddol baal publications secretary school of education open university milton keynes mk7 6aa , uk fax + 1908 654111 email d . j . graddol @ open . ac . uk
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 1069,""Subject: aisb-95 sheffield : registration ( con / work . tut )
  
  aisb-95 the tenth biennial conference on ai and cognitive science sheffield , england monday 3rd - - friday 7th april 1995 theme : hybrid problems , hybrid solutions ( eacl-95 , 7th conference of the european chapter of the association for computational linguistics at university college dublin , belfield , dublin , ireland , precedes aisb-95 on march 27-31 , 1995 ) hosted by the society for the study of artificial intelligence and simulation of behaviour ( ssaisb ) and the department of computer science ( university of sheffield ) in cooperation with departments of automatic control and systems engineering , information studies , philosphy , psychology ; artificial intelligence vision research unit ( aivru ) , hang - seng centre for cognitive studies , institute for language , speech and hearing ( ilash ) , ( university of sheffield ) ; dragon systems uk limited ( melvyn hunt ) ; lpa limited ( clive spenser ) ; sharp laboratories europe limited ( paul kearney ) ; wisepress limited ( penelope g . head ) main conference wednesday 5th - friday 7th april 1995 workshops and tutorials monday 3rd - tuesday 4th april 1995 invited speakers + + professor alex gammerman ( department of computer science , royal holloway / new bedford college , university of london , england ) + + professor malik ghallab ( laas-cnrs , toulouse , france ) + + professor graeme hirst ( department of computer science , u of toronto ) + + professor john mayhew ( aivru , university of sheffield , england ) + + professor noel sharkey ( department of computer science , u of sheffield ) theme the world 's oldest ai society , the society for the study of artificial intelligence and simulation of behaviour ( aisb ) , will hold its tenth biennial international conference at the university of sheffield . the past few years have seen an increasing tendency for diversification in research into artificial intelligence , cognitive science and artificial life . a number of approaches are being pursued , based variously on symbolic reasoning , connectionist systems and models , behaviour-based systems , and ideas from complex dynamical systems . each has its own particular insight and philosophical position . this variety of approaches appears in all areas of artificial intelligence . there are both symbolic and connectionist natural language processing , both classical and behaviour-based vision research , for instance . while purists from each approach may claim that all the problems of cognition can in principle be tackled without recourse to other methods , in practice ( and maybe in theory , also ) combinations of methods from the different approaches ( hybrid methods ) are more successful than a pure approach for certain kinds of problems . the committee feels that there is an unrealised synergy between the various approaches that an aisb conference may be able to explore . thus , the focus of the tenth aisb conference is on such hybrid methods . the aisb conference is a single track conference lasting three days , with a two day tutorial and workshop programme preceding the main technical event , and around twenty high calibre papers will be presented in the technical sessions . five invited talks by respected and entertaining world class researchers complete the programme . the proceedings of the conference will be published in book form at the conference itself , making it a forum for rapid dissemination of research results . the preliminary programme for the conference is attached below . note that the organisers reserve the right to alter the programme as circumstances dictate , though every effort will be made to adhere to the provisional timings and calendar of events given below . programme monday 3rd april , 1995 [ all day ] workshops and tutorial programme tuesday 4th april , 1995 [ all day ] workshops and tutorial programme 6 . 00 - 9 . 00 registration reception , halifax hall , university of sheffield wednesday 5th april , 1995 08 : 00 - on registration 09 : 00 chair opening address : paul mc kevitt , conference chair / local organisation ( university of sheffield ) 09 : 10 hod opening address : colin smythe , head of department of computer science ( university of sheffield ) 09 : 20 programme chair opening address : john hallam , programme chair ( university of edinburgh ) 09 : 30-10 : 30 invited talk professor malik ghallab , laas-cnrs , toulouse , fr 10 : 30-11 : 00 break 11 : 00-12 : 45 3 papers + ` an introduction to dynamic symbol systems ' ' , herbert jaeger , faculty of technology , university of bielefeld , germany . + ` ` reactive systems in physical environments ' ' , simin nadjm - tehrani , departmentof computer and information science , linkoping university , sweden . + ` ` from numerical observations to propositional representations : a cognitive methodology to structure hybrid spatial knowledge in the wire project ' ' , mario borillo , irit toulouse and herve pensec , sogerma-socea , groupe aerospatiale , merignac , france . 12 : 45-14 : 15 lunch 14 : 15-16 : 00 3 papers + ` ` decisions , decisions : knowledge goals in planning ' ' , louise pryor , department of artificial intelligence , university of edinburgh , scotland . + ` ` knowing how : a semantic approach ' ' , sam steel , department of computer science , university of essex , england . + ` ` a meta - level framework for exploring conflicts in multiple knowledge bases ' ' mandy haggith , department of artificial intelligence , u of edinburgh , scotland . 16 : 00-16 : 30 break 16 : 30-17 : 50 2 papers + ` ` unsatisfied variables in local search ' ' , ian gent , department of artificial intelligence , university of edinburgh and toby walsh , mechanized reasoning group , irst , genoa , italy . + ` ` an attempt to map the performance of a range of algorithm and heuristic combinations ' ' , edward p . k . tsang , james e . borrett and alvin c . m . kwan , department of computer science , university of essex , england . 20 : 00 conference reception , sheffield kelham island industrial museum ( with don river live steam engine ) thursday 6th april , 1995 09 : 15-10 : 15 invited talk professor john mayhew , aivru , u of sheffield 10 : 15-10 : 45 break 10 : 45-12 : 30 3 papers + ` ` the somass system : a hybrid symbolic and behaviour - based system to plan and execute assemblies by robot ' ' , chris malcolm , department of artificial intelligence , university of edinburgh , scotland . + ` ` multiple agent systems for configuration design ' ' , stuart watt , zdenek zdrahal , knowledge media institute , open university & mike brayshaw , school of computer science , university of birmingham , england . + ` ` symbolic and continuous proceses in the automatic selection of actions ' ' , r cooper , tim shallice & jonathan farringdan , department of psychology , university college , london , england . 12 : 30-14 : 00 lunch 14 : 00-15 : 00 invited talk professor noel sharkey , department of computer science , university of sheffield , england . 15 : 00-15 : 20 break 15 : 20-16 : 30 2 papers + ` ` a neural network decision - support tool for the diagnosis of breast cancer ' ' , joseph downs , robert f harrison , department of automatic control & systems engineering , university of sheffield and simon s cross , department of pathology , university of sheffield medical school , england . + ` ` rulex & cebp networks as the basis for a rule refinement system ' ' , r andrews & shlomo geva , neurocomputing research centre , queensland university , australia 16 : 30-16 : 50 break 16 : 50-18 : 00 2 papers + ` ` a heuristic for general rule extraction from a multilayer perceptron ' ' , zhe ma & robert f harrison , department of automatic control & systems engineering , university of sheffield & r . lee kennedy , department of medicine , university of edinburgh , scotland . + ` ` an adaptive state machine for use in unsupervised parallel learning systems ' ' , christopher j holgate & thomas j w clarke , neural systems engineering group , imperial college , england . 20 : 00 conference banquet , halifax hall 21 : 00 after dinner speech by distinguished seasoned ai researcher friday 7th april , 1995 09 : 15-10 : 15 invited talk professor graeme hirst department of computer science , university of toronto , canada 10 : 15-10 : 45 break 10 : 45-12 : 30 3 papers + ` ` towards learning semantics of spontaneous dialog utterances in a hybrid framework ' ' , volker weber and stefan wermter , computer science department , university of hamburg , germany . + ` ` knowledge acquisition using metaphors ' ' , asoka s karunananda , hyacinth s nwana & pearl brereton , department of computer science , u of keele , england . + ` ` grounding dtms : an interview tool for acquiring meta - strategic teaching knowledge ' ' , nigel major and kieron o hara , department of psychology , university of nottingham , england . 12 : 30-14 : 00 lunch 14 : 00-15 : 00 invited talk professor alex gammerman , dept of computer science , royal holloway and new bedford college , university of london , england . 15 : 00-15 : 20 break 15 : 20-16 : 30 2 papers + ` ` towards hybrid nonmonotonic reasoning systems ' ' , james p delgrande , school of computer science , simon fraser university , canada & torsten h schaub , irisa , rennes , france . + ` ` why some hybrid solutions are n't really solutions ( and why others are n't really hybrid ) ' ' , bradley franks , department of psychology , london school of economics & richard cooper , department of psychology , university college , london , england . 16 : 30-17 : 00 conference ends . workshops and tutorials programme monday 3rd - tuesday 4th april 1995 http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / aisb / aisb95 organiser title mon tue = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ( 1 ) [ code w1 ] d . bridge , engineering knowledge - based systems ( u of york , england ) x point of contact : derek bridge dgb @ minster . york . ac . uk anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / engineering _ kbs _ workshop _ cfp ( 2 ) [ code w2 ] t . fogarty , evolutionary computing ( u of west england ) x x point of contact : terence fogarty : tcf @ btc . uwe . ac . uk anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / evolutionary _ computing _ workshop _ cfp ( 3 ) [ code w3 ] a . ireland , 2nd workshop on automated reasoning : x bridging the gap between theory and practice ( u of edinburgh ) point of contact : andrew ireland : a . ireland @ ed . ac . uk anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / automated _ reasoning _ workshop _ cfp ( 4 ) [ code w4 ] b . jones , postgraduate workshop ( u of edinburgh ) x x point of contact : b . jones : bernie @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk v pub / aisb / aisb95 / postgrad _ workshop _ cfp ( 5 ) [ code w5 ] a . narayanan , language visualisation ( u of exeter ) x point of contact : a . narayanan : ajit @ dcs . exeter . ac . uk . anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / language _ vis _ workshop _ cfp ( 6 ) [ code w6 ] s . o nuallain reaching for mind : foundations of cog science x x ( dublin city university , ireland ) ( national research council , canada ) p . mc kevitt ( university of sheffield , england ) point of contact : sean o nuallain : onuallains @ dcu . ie anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / cogsci _ workshop _ cfp ( 7 ) [ code w7 ] t . prescott , mobile robotics ( u of sheffield ) x point of contact : tony prescott t . prescott @ aivru . sheffield . ac . uk . anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / mobile _ robotics _ workshop _ cfp ( 8 ) [ code w8 ] m . rosner , ai education - - goals , courses , resources x ( idsia , lugano , switzerland ) point of contact : michael rosner aisb @ idsia . ch anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / ai _ ed _ workshop _ cfp tutorials organiser title mon tue = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ( 1 ) [ code t1 ] d . benyon intelligent user interfaces x ( open university , england ) anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / intelligent-ui - tutorial ( 2 ) [ code t2 ] m . fisher programming with temporal logics x ( afternoon ) ( manchester metropoliton university , england ) anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / prog-temp - log-tutorial ( 3 ) [ code t3 ] t . fruehwirth constraint reasoning - build your own solver x ( ecrc , munich , germany ) anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / constraint-reasoning - tutorial ( 4 ) [ code t4 ] m . patel ga + nn hybrid systems x ( ics-forth , heraklion , greece ) anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / ga _ nn _ tutorial ( 5 ) [ code t5 ] f . ritter soar cognitive architecture x ( university of nottingham , england ) anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / soar _ tutorial ( 6 ) [ code t6 ] s . zrehen perac : a modular neural network architecture for autonomous robots ( lausanne university , switzerland ) x anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / perac _ tutorial demos / open days / services information on demos by the departments of computer science and psychology on current research projects in ai and cognitive science will be provided during the conference . also , the department of computer science will have open days where delegates at the conference can meet researchers . it is intended that the department will provide on site ftp / www and e - mail services to delegates . contact addresses : aisb-95 conference chair / local organisation : paul mc kevitt e - mail : p . mckevitt @ dcs . shef . ac . uk department of computer science www : http : / / www . dcs . shef . ac . uk / regent court www : http : / / www . shef . ac . uk / 211 portobello street ftp : ftp . dcs . shef . ac . uk university of sheffield fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 114-278 - 0972 gb - s1 4dp , sheffield phone : + 44 ( 0 ) 114-282 - 5572 ( office ) england , uk , eu . 282-5596 ( lab . ) 282-5590 ( secretary ) aisb-95 workshops and tutorials chair : dr . robert gaizauskas e - mail : robertg @ dcs . shef . ac . uk department of computer science www : http : / / www . dcs . shef . ac . uk / university of sheffield www : http : / / www . shef . ac . uk / 211 portobello street ftp : ftp . dcs . shef . ac . uk regent court fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 114 278-0972 sheffield s1 4dp phone : + 44 ( 0 ) 114 282-5572 u . k . aisb-95 programme chair : john hallam e - mail : john @ aifh . edinburgh . ac . uk department of artificial intelligence fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1 31 650 6899 university of edinburgh phone : + 44 ( 0 ) 1 31 650 3097 5 forrest hill edinburgh eh1 2ql scotland . venue the venue for registration and all conference events is : halifax hall of residence , endcliffe vale road , gb - s10 5df , sheffield , uk , eu . fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 114-266 - 3898 tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 114-266 - 3506 ( 24 hour porter ) tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 114-266 - 4196 ( manager norma taylor ) address ( for registrations ) alison white email : alisonw @ cogs . susx . ac . uk aisb executive office www : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / aisb cognitive and computing sciences ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk / pub / aisb university of sussex tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 678448 falmer , brighton fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 671320 england , uk , bn1 9qh address ( for general enquiries ) gill wells , email : g . wells @ dcs . shef . ac . uk administrative assistant , aisb-95 , fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 114-278 - 0972 department of computer science , phone : + 44 ( 0 ) 114-278 - 5590 regent court , 211 portobello street , university of sheffield , gb - s1 4dp , sheffield , uk , eu . email : aisb95 @ dcs . shef . ac . uk ( for auto responses ) www : http : / / www . dcs . shef . ac . uk / aisb95 [ sheffield computer science ] ftp : ftp . dcs . shef . ac . uk ( cd aisb95 ) www : http : / / www . shef . ac . uk / [ sheffield computing services ] ftp : ftp . shef . ac . uk ( cd aisb95 ) www : http : / / ijcai . org / ) [ ijcai-95 , montreal ] www : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / aisb [ aisb society sussex ] ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk / pub / aisb programme committee dave cliff ( u of sussex ) , erik sandewall ( u of linkoeping ) , nigel shadbolt ( u of nottingham ) , sam steel ( u of essex ) , yorick wilks ( u of sheffield ) local organisation committee ( u of sheffield ) phil green , jim mcgregor , bob minors , tony prescott , and tony simons publicity malcolm crawford , mark lee , derek marriott , and simon morgan ( cambridge ) delegates wishing to join aisb ( thus avoiding the non - aisb - member supplement ) should contact : aisb administration , e - mail : aisb @ cogs . susx . ac . uk cognitive and computing sciences ( cogs ) www : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / aisb university of sussex ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk / pub / aisb gb - bn1 9qh , falmer , brighton fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 671320 uk , eu . phone : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 678448 aisb office ( university of sussex ) tony cohn ( chairman ) , roger evans ( treasurer ) , chris thornton ( secretary ) , and alison white ( executive office )
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 1070,""Subject: ie conference
  
  announcement & call for papers seventh annual ucla indo-european conference program in indo - european studies , university of california , los angeles the seventh annual ucla indo - european conference will be held on 26-27 may 1995 at the ucla campus . as in the past , we invite papers on any aspect of indo - european studies : linguistics , archaeology , comparative mythology and culture . papers on both interdisciplinary and specific topics ( e . g . , typology , methodology , reconstruction , the relation of indo - european to other language groups , the interpretation of material culture , etc . ) are welcome . abstracts should be approximately two typewritten pages ( double-spaced ) and must be received by 10 march 1995 . a period of twenty minutes will be allotted for each paper , followed by a ten-minute discussion period . through the generosity of its donors , the friends and alumni of indo - european studies ( faies ) will offer two prizes for the best papers by a current student or recent ph . d . ( received 1990 or later ) : one prize for a paper in linguistics , and one for a paper in either archaeology or mythology . please indicate your current status and year of ph . d . if you qualify . no previous winners please . address all abstracts and inquiries to : ie conference committee classics department 7349 bunche hall , ucla 405 hilgard avenue los angeles , ca 90024-1475 e-mail : iep0rmr @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu for further information call : weekdays : 310 / 825-4171
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 1071,""Subject: sle conference announcement
  
  first circular and call for papers 28th annual meeting of the societas linguistica europaea leiden , 31 august , 1 - 2 september , 1995 the university of leiden has the pleasure of inviting the members of the societas linguistica europaea to the 28th annual meeting , to be held in leiden , the netherlands , from thursday 31 august to saturday 2 september 1995 . the conference will be hosted by the faculty of letters of the university of leiden . the general theme of the conference is : descriptive and theoretical perspectives on comparative linguistics 1 . submission of abstracts and programme members are invited to submit abstracts for 30 minute papers , including 10 minutes of discussion . papers can be presented in separate sections , workshops , or round tables . abstracts which are intended for section presentation will be refereed by a selection committee ; abstracts intended for workshops or round tables will be assessed by workshop organizers or round table conveners . proposals for workshops or round tables are eagerly invited by the organizing committee ; they should adhere to the general theme of the conference as much as possible . abstracts submitted should not exceed one page , and should be in at least 12 - point type with one - inch margins all round . since abstracts are to be reproduced in the meeting handbook , they should be printed in clear type . if using a typewriter , make sure to use a new ribbon . the deadline for submission of abstracts is 31 january 1995 . abstracts should be sent to : sle 1995 selection committee department of english university of leiden p . o box 9515 2300 ra leiden the netherlands the programme will include four keynote addresses , to be given by erica garcia ( leiden ) , pieter muysken ( amsterdam ) , johanna nichols ( ucla ) , and ianthi tsimpli & neil smith ( ucl ) . 2 . conference fee for regular sle members , the conference fee is dfl . 125 , which includes the conference folder , the meeting handbook , refreshments , three lunches , and a buffet reception . for students and research assistants , the fee will be dfl . 75 . non - members wishing to attend the conference will be charged an additional dfl . 50 . payment will only be accepted in dutch currency . the conference fee should be paid into postal giro account 5855626 , department of english , university of leiden , mentioning sle 1995 . if payment by cheque is preferred , cheques should be made payable to """" department of english , university of leiden """" , mentioning sle 1995 . please note that payment by cheque involves bank transfer costs , which currently amount to dfl . 20 . if this method of payment is preferred , dfl . 20 should be added to the conference fee . payment should be made simultaneously with the return of the pre-registration form . payment of the conference fee in august 1995 involves an additional cost of dfl . 25 . colleagues from eastern european countries in need of financial assistance are requested to contact the organizing committee as soon as possible , in view of the limited funds available for financial support . 3 . preliminary registration and accommodation all participants should fill in the enclosed preliminary registration form and return it by 31 january 1995 . hotel accommodation can be arranged in two ways : either by directly contacting the hotel selected from the enclosed list of hotels , or by returning the enclosed card to the nrc reservations centre at leidschendam , who will attempt to find accommodation , at no extra charge . the organization committee will not be in a position to assist with hotel accommodation . the hotel situation in leiden is extremely tight , so members are urgently advised to make early reservations . a second circular , with the provisional programme and further particulars , will be sent out by 31 march 1995 . organizing committee of the 1995 sle annual meeting frits beukema , peter lange , johan rooryck , rieks smeets , wim van der wurff postal and e - mail addresses sle department of english p . o . box 9515 2300 ra leiden the netherlands e - mail : sle @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl this e-mail address will be in use from 1 november 1994 to 31 october 1995 and can be used for all inquiries . xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx sle 1995 pre - registration form august 31 , september 1 - 2 , 1995 university of leiden , the netherlands please return to : sle 1995 department of english university of leiden p . o . box 9515 2300 ra leiden the netherlands deadline for pre-registration : 31 january 1995 name affiliation mailing address e - mail address please check amount : before 31 january 1995 after 31 january 1995 regular member _ _ _ dfl 125 _ _ _ dfl 150 student , etc . _ _ _ dfl 75 _ _ _ dfl 100 non - member _ _ _ dfl 175 _ _ _ dfl 200 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx e - mail address : sle @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl
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 1072,""Subject: second cfp tsm ' 95
  
  second call ( < < second call < < < second call < < < second call < < < second call 5th toulouse international workshop time , space and movement - - - - - meaning and knowledge in the sensible world organized by the ` ` langue , raisonnement , calcul ' ' group irit , universite paul sabatier toulouse erss , universite de toulouse - le mirail cnrs ura 1399 , ura 1033 chateau de bonas in gascony , france 23-27 june , 1995 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ call for papers ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this workshop will be the fifth one in a series which began in 1989 . like previous editions , it aims at gathering researchers from a variety of fields around the themes of the semantics of time , space and movement , in a castle in the middle of the beautiful landscape of gascony . unlike previous ones , though , next year 's workshop will not gather only invited researchers , but will be open to participants submitting a contribution . wishing to preserve the friendly and cheerful atmosphere that characterized the series , we will limit the number of participants to 50 , and will achieve a balance between invited talks and submitted contributions . motivations ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ when natural language utterances are about sensible world , the computation of the spatial and spatio-temporal reference plays a major part in the construction of their formal representation . if the understanding of a discourse is the ability to infer adequate answers to questions about its informational content , the ability to deduce properties of the discourse objects ( like their localisation , their structure or their shape ) from the discourse representation , allows the cognitive validation of these representations . the most recent works in discourse theory ( drt , sdrt ) clearly show the necessity to take into account , in addition to linguistic and pragmatic information , common knowledge about the universe of discourse . in its whole generality , the formal representation of this component of the meaning can very well be hopeless . we propose to focus the attention on a specific category of discourses , namely discourses which refer to the sensible world . in this case , common knowledge reflects the structure and the properties of mental representations of space , movement and time , these representations being available not only through the analysis of linguistic expressions but also through the analysis of different forms of reasoning and decision-taking associated with perception . topics of interest ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ we propose to discuss the possible contributions of spatial and spatio-temporal knowledge representation and reasoning to discourse interpretation ; as well as the possible contributions of the analysis of time , space and movement in language to the comprehension of the organization of the perceived objects , and to the identification of their cognitively relevant properties . contributions are invited on substantial and original research on various aspects of time , space and movement , including , but not limited to , the following . a . semantics of time , space and movement in natural language - lexical semantics : from linguistic and conceptual description to formalisation - from lexicon to sentence and discourse : role of the spatial and spatio-temporal ( s & st ) common-sense knowledge in discourse interpretation - logics and deductive mechanisms : * for the computation of the s & st reference * for the cognitive validation of discourse representations b . knowledge representation and s & st reasoning - ontology of s & st entities : philosophical analysis and formalisation - mental representations of space , time and movement - mathematics of the sensible world - naive physics , qualitative s & st reasoning - logics and visual reasoning - contributions to discourse representation c . relations between language and perception - imaginal and / or propositional structures of mental representations - from language to visual perception : from propositional to numerical structures ( image synthesis ) - from visual perception to language : from numerical to propositional structures ( image interpretation ) - mathematical and logical problems of hybrid reasoning invited speakers ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ nicholas asher , linguistics and philosophy , austin patrick blackburn , logic and computational linguistics , saarbruecken mimo caenepeel * , linguistics , edinburgh anthony cohn , artificial intelligence , leeds john etchemendy , philosophy , stanford luis farinas del cerro , logics and computer science , toulouse christian freksa * , cognitive science , hamburg christopher habel * , cognitive science , hamburg patrick hayes * , artificial intelligence , urbana gerd herzog , artificial intelligence , saarbruecken hans kamp * , linguistics and philosophy , stuttgart manfred krifka , linguistics , austin carlota smith , linguistics , austin barbara tversky * , psychology , stanford claude vandeloise , linguistics , baton - rouge achille varzi , philosophy , trento henk verkuyl , linguistics , utrecht co vet , linguistics , groningen ( * ) to be confirmed programme committee ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ chair : mario borillo , artificial intelligence , toulouse nicholas asher , linguistics and philosophy , austin patrick blackburn , logics and computational linguistics , saarbruecken andree borillo , linguistics , toulouse anthony cohn , artificial intelligence , leeds john etchemendy , philosophy , stanford patrick hayes , artificial intelligence , urbana carlota smith , linguistics , austin barbara tversky , psychology , stanford achille varzi , philosophy , trento co vet , linguistics , groningen laure vieu , artificial intelligence , toulouse format for submission ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ submitted papers should be at most 12 pages in length and be produced in 12pt ( default latex article style is ok ) . submissions should provide the affiliation , full postal address , telephone and fax numbers , and e-mail address ( if any ) of the author ( s ) . a few words stating the position of the paper with respect to the topics of interest would be useful , as well as a 100-200 word abstract . electronic submission ( plain ascii , latex , uuencoded postscript , or binhex mac word files ) is recommended . they should be sent to tsm @ irit . fr before 10 february 1995 . hard - copy submissions ( 4 copies ) should reach the programme chair no late than 10 february 1995 . notification of acceptance will be sent to authors by 10 april , 1995 , and final versions ( camera-ready ) will be due by 15 may , 1995 . these will be compiled as workshop notes to be distributed to the participants . schedule ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ papers submission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 february , 1995 notification of acceptance . . . . . . 10 april , 1995 final version due . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 may , 1995 workshop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-27 june , 1995 organization ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ organizing committee : pascal amsili , irit michel aurnague , erss andree borillo , erss mario borillo , irit myriam bras - grivart , irit pierre sablayrolles , irit laure vieu , irit contact : tsm ' 95 c / o mario borillo irit - universite paul sabatier 118 , route de narbonne , f-31062 toulouse cedex france tel : ( + 33 ) 61 . 55 . 60 . 91 fax : ( + 33 ) 61 . 55 . 83 . 25 e - mail : tsm @ irit . fr www : http : / / www . irit . fr / activites / eq _ lrc / tsm95 . html
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 1073,""Subject: japanese discourse analysis
  
  i have a student working on a project involving text-structuring devices ( metadiscourse markers ) in japanese and english . she has found few references to such work on japanese . is anyone aware of such work ? karl krahnke colorado state university krahnke @ lamar . colostate . edu thanks in advance for any help .
 "",0
 1074,""Subject: collocations of the french """" rapide """" ( fwd )
  
  i am doing a study of the use and meaning of the adjective """" rapide """" in french , with particular emphasis on its collocations , for exemple : pas rapides , mouvement rapide , geste rapide , coup d ' oeil rapide . i am trying to locate references on the semantic and distributional analysis of ' rapide ' . any suggestions about how to locate references in this area would be greatly appreciated . i have already checked in the mla , llba and in the bulletin analytique de la linguistique francaise . many thanks for any help . tatjana janicijevic tatjana @ unixg . ubc . ca
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 1075,""Subject: more on nlp
  
  to the readers : i have recently sent out several email inquiries to various list services that i subscribe to in an attempt to learn why we do not see more software that can relate to the complexities of human grammar . that is , i was trying to learn why do n't we see better grammar checkers , more translation software , and more sophisticated language tutoring software . if there were a theory of syntax that could be programmed at all would n't there also be a swarm of programs being offered by researchers and graduate students from around the world ? would n't we be arguing about the merits of """" lfg - linguist 3 . 1 """" vs """" gb - linguist 2 . 0 . """" and would n't we be arguing about the merits of one theories labelled bracketing versus another 's ? further , other areas that might use language interfaces such as games and program internal """" help facilities """" are also quite primitive . granted , the difficulties of trying to get a program to account for pro - - blems of meaning have occupied programmers for years , but this in itself is not sufficient enough explanation for why we do not see more results in areas that require a program to exhibit a sophisticated understanding of the structure of human language . which brings me to the point of this query . to improve my understanding of this problem and perhaps to generate some meaningful dialog about this problem , i would like to propose the following list of what we should minimally expect of a program or a theory of syntax that claims to be able to handle the structure of human language . i would like to invite readers to add to the list or to point out which areas have already been adequately handled . if an area is adequately handled , i would like information on how to receive the software that is available . i divide this list into three basic areas : 1 ) minimum requirements for linguists , 2 ) minimum requirements for grammar checkers , foreign language tutoring software , and other more secular uses of syntax , and 3 ) minimum requirements for translation technology . i . minimum requirements for linguists . a program or a theory of syntax that is to be programmed must minimally be able to : 1 ) provide a full labelled bracketing of any string ( including information about intermediate and maximal level nodes ) . 2 ) provide the parts of speech of all items in a string 3 ) provide the parts of a sentence ( subject , direct object , etc ) of a string 4 ) provide acceptability judgements for sentences that can be parsed ( e . g . john1 likes himself2 is parsable but unacceptable ) . 5 ) provide judgements about topicalized sentences , fronted wh questions , tough - movement sentences , relative clauses , noun clauses , cleft and pseudo - cleft sentences , pied - piping , the complex np constraint , control sentences , parasitic gap sentences , island conditions , the that trace effect , the coreferrence requirements of pronouns and reciprocals , and strong and weak crossover effects . 6 ) perhaps provide explanations for why particular parses fail . ii . minimum requirements for grammar checkers , foreign language tutoring software , and other more secular uses of syntax . a program or theory of syntax that is to be of value in these areas should minimally : 1 ) provide information about part of speech 2 ) provide information about part of sentence ( subject , object , etc ) 3 ) provide demonstrations of grammatical constructions e . g . make passivesentences from active and active from passive , make questions from statements , join two sentences into one using a variety of conjunctions , transitions and prepositions . 4 ) provide judgements about errors in the production of sentences 5 ) provide information about types of clauses : subordinate / main , adverb , noun etc . 6 ) provide information about sentence type e . g . simple , complex , compound , etc . 7 ) analyze punctuation of words , phrases , and clauses ( including coordination ) . minimum requirements for translation technology : 1 ) provide a correct parse for the subject language and provide a grammatically correct sentence in the target language . 2 ) provide acceptability judgements and other grammar checking of sentences in both languages . 3 ) be able to do convert some sentences in both languages : e . g . statement to question , active to passive and so on . this list might be short in many ways , but i think it illustrates my point . there is a lot more that could be happening in the realm of computational syntax , but it is not happening . if i am overly pessimistic , i would like to know where i can find software that can do the above . i will post all responses to the list as a summary . also , if anyone would like to add to this list , i will keep track of the responses and post them to the list . also , if someone can explain what prevents these developments i would appreciate that as well . phil bralich bralich @ uhccux . uhcc . hawaii . edu
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 1076,""Subject: call papers - systemic workshop
  
  content - length : 1717 call for papers 7th international systemic functional workshop ' language as choice ' 26 - 29 july 1995 university of valencia , spain call for papers abstracts are invited for papers ( 20 minutes will be allowed for each presentation , with 10 minutes extra for questions and discussion ) on any aspect appropriate to the title language as choice . papers may have a highly specific focus , or be on more general topics ; workshop proposals are particularly encouraged . a one-page abstract should be submitted by 10 february 1195 . ( the deadline has been extended ) . notification of abstracts accepted will be given by 15 march 1995 . mailing address : dr . antonia sanchez depto . filologia inglesa y alemana facultad de filologia universitat de valencia blasco ibanez 28 46010 valencia tel : + 34 6 3864262 fax : + 34 6 3864161 e . mail : sanchezma @ mac . uv . es for any further information , please contact the above address
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 1077,""Subject: gala ' 95 : call for papers
  
  groningen assembly on language acquisition 1995 university of groningen the netherlands 7 - 9 september 1995 the conference aims to bring together researchers willing to discuss the merits and constraints of different theoretical approaches to language acquisition , in particular generative linguistics , constructionism , dynamic systems modelling , and connectionism . invited speakers harald clahsen university of essex annette karmiloff - smith mrc london kim plunkett university of oxford luigi rizzi university of geneva paul van geert university of groningen abstract submissions abstracts may cover all aspects of language acquisition relating to the core areas of linguistics , including phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics and the interfaces . selection of abstracts will be based on not only their quality but also their potential to contribute to the conference 's interactive objective . abstract submissions should include : 1 . five ( 5 ) copies of a one-page , double-spaced abstract of the paper ( no posters ) , preferably in 12 - point font or type , with a title . omit name and affiliation . reviewing will be anonymous . 2 . a 10cm by 15cm ( or 3 """" by 5 """" ) card with the title of the paper , the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliation , mailing address , and e-mail address . also specify any necessary av equipment . abstracts should provide a complete overview of the research that will be presented : a statement of the main hypotheses , a brief account of the method , data gathering and results , and a summary of the conclusions reached . the deadline for abstract submissions is april 15 , 1995 . any submissions that arrive after this date will not be accepted . abstracts should be sent to : gala 1995 university of groningen department of linguistics postbus 716 9700 as groningen the netherlands inquiries should be sent to the above address , or by e-mail to : gala95 @ let . rug . nl . up to date information with regard to the conference , including registration information , can also be found at : http : / / www . let . rug . nl / linguistics / events / gala / this document can be retrieved from the above www site or through ftp , via anonymous log-in to : tyr . let . rug . nl , / pub / linguistics / events / gala please note : abstract submissions via e-mail will not be accepted ! = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - =
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 1078,""Subject: call for abstracts : optimality in syntactic theory
  
  content - length : 4437 call for papers is the best good enough ? workshop on optimality in syntactic theory to be held at the massachusetts institute of technology , cambridge , ma , may 19-21 1995 . syntactic research in a variety of frameworks is assigning a growing role to the notion of comparison . this work , which is at the forefront of current research , includes theories involving principles of economy and optimality . much of this work is still unpublished or in formative stages ( legendre , raymond , and smolensky ( 1993 ) , grimshaw ( 1993 ) , pesetsky ( 1994 ) , chomsky ( 1989 , 1993 , 1994 ) ) . the relevant data vary from one account to another , but empirical comparisons of these proposals now can and should be undertaken . ) from may 19-21 , 1995 , mit will be hosting a workshop to explore and clarify particular issues of syntactic theories in which comparison plays a significant role . the workshop will consist of invited talks and talks selected from anonymously submitted abstracts . abstracts are invited to address the following questions : * what is the nature of the candidate or reference set for comparison ? which linguistic objects compete for the best choice ? * what criteria determine the optimal output from a set of candidates ? * does the grammar compare derivations ( as with the economy principles of chomsky ( 1989 , 1993 ) ) or representations ( as in the optimality theoretic analyses developed for phonology by prince and smolensky ( 1993 ) ) . * is language acquisition or variation explained by parameterization or constraint re-ranking ? * what are the computational implications and requirements of the different approaches ? invited talks will be presented by : joan bresnan , stanford noam chomsky , mit jane grimshaw , rutgers david pesetsky , mit paul smolensky and geraldine legendre , johns hopkins university edward stabler , ucla submissions for consideration must be received by march 15 , 1994 , via mail or fax transmission . authors whose abstracts are accepted will be requested to provide a more complete paper by mid - april to prepare focused discussion . we may be able to assist with travel costs for student or unemployed presenters . eight or nine 30 - minute time slots are reserved for accepted papers , each with an additional 10 minutes for questions and discussion . abstracts should be anonymous and not longer than two pages . mailing address : good enough mit 20d-219 77 massachusetts avenue , cambridge , ma , 02139 mailings should include six copies of an anonymous abstract with a cover sheet indicating the paper title , author 's name , affiliation , address , phone number , and email address . fax transmissions may be made to ( 617 ) 253-5017 , attention : david pesetsky , and should also include the cover sheet . any further questions may be addressed by email to good-enough @ mit . edu . more detailed conference information will also be made available via anonymous ftp to broca . mit . edu , in the pub / good-enough directory . references cited above : chomsky , n . ( 1989 ) , """" some notes on economy of derivation and representation . """" in laka , i . and a . mahajan ( ed . ) _ mit working papers in linguistics 10 , cambridge : mit working papers in linguistics . chomsky , n . ( 1993 ) , """" a minimalist program for linguistic theory , """" in hale , k . and j . keyser ( ed . ) _ a view from building 20 _ , cambridge : mit press . chomsky , n . ( 1994 ) , """" bare phrase structure , """" occasional paper # 5 , cambridge : mit working papers in linguistics . grimshaw , j . ( 1993 ) , """" minimal projection , heads , and optimality , """" ms . rutgers university [ available by anonymous ftp from ruccs . rutgers . edu , as pub / ot / papers / minproj . ps ] , to appear in linguistic inquiry . legendre , g . , w . raymond , and p . smolensky ( 1993 ) """" an optimality - theoretic typology of case and grammatical voice systems , """" _ proceedings of the nineteenth annual meeting of the berkeley linguistic society _ , berkeley , ca , 464-478 . pesetsky , d . ( in prep . ) , _ syntax at the edge : optimality effects in sentence grammar _ [ handouts only available by anonymous ftp from ruccs . rutgers . edu , as pub / ot / papers / sentpron . ps ] . prince , a . and p . smolensky ( 1993 ) , _ optimality theory : constraint interaction in generative grammar _ , ruccs technical report # 2 , rutgers university center for cognitive science , piscataway , new jersey [ to appear , mit press ] .
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 1079,""Subject: salford seminars
  
  content - length : 2116 university of salford , uk european studies research institute ( esri ) centre for language and linguistics seminar programme 1995 the following seminars have been planned : wednesday 22 february ` what 's the use of dictionaries ? ' reinhard hartmann , essex monday 27 february ` first steps in learning french : a study of ( 5 . 30pm ) progression in the secondary school ' ros mitchell , southampton wednesday 8 march ` the nature of translation ' stephen thomas , salford wednesday 15 march ` the variational approach in translation ' myriam carr , salford wednesday 22 march ` the unit of translation ' michel ballard , artois wednesday 10 may ` pragmatic factors in syntactic change : a r&g college spanish case study ' christopher pountain , cambridge wednesday 17 may ` proper nouns , generics , and the count-mass r&g college distinction ' christopher lyons , salford seminars will take place at 4 . 30 in room g21 , crescent house , university of salford unless otherwise indicated . for further information , contact charlotte hoffmann , associate director , centre of language and linguistics , esri . tel : + 44 161 745 5990
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 1080,""Subject: wccfl predication workshop preliminary program
  
  wccfl workshop predication university of southern california , los angeles march 9 , 1995 preliminary program thursday , march 9 12 : 30 - 1 : 00 registration 1 : 00 - 1 : 30 sabine iatridou and spyridoula varlokosta ( univ . of pennsylvania ) """" why modern greek has only predicational pseudo - clefts """" 1 : 30 - 2 : 00 peter svenonius ( univ . of tromso ) """" toward a typology of predicators """" 2 : 15 - 2 : 45 rose - marie dechaine ( univ . of british columbia ) """" the adjective - adverb connection """" 2 : 45 - 3 : 15 antonia androutsopoulou ( ucla ) """" the licensing of adjectival modification """" 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 orin percus ( mit ) """" topics and semantic partition """" 4 : 00 - 4 : 30 norbert hornstein , sara rosen and juan uriagereka ( univ . of maryland ) """" integral predications """"
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 1081,""Subject: conf : translating literature and film
  
  university of salford , greater manchester , uk european studies research institute ( esri ) international conference translating literature and film : themes and versions through an anglo - french looking-glass 3 - 5 april 1995 faraday house , research and graduate college , university of salford , uk . programme monday 3 april 1400-1430 registration 1430-1530 ` la traduction des references culturelles dans the secret diary of adrian mole ' jean - pierre mailhac , salford 1530-1600 tea 1600-1700 ` the best of both worlds : english and french in poetic expression ' martin sorrell , exeter 1700-1800 ` le journal d ' une femme de chambre / the diary of a chambermaid : issues of translation ' anthony simons , reading 1900-2030 dinner ( university house ) tuesday 4 april 0930-1030 ` de montaigne a valery larbaud : la forme en traduction ' myriam carr , salford 1030-1100 coffee 1100-1200 ` literary translation and cultural transmissibility ' michael wetherill , manchester 1200-1300 ` remakes and rewriting : questions of originality and authenticity ' lucy mazdon , southampton 1300-1400 lunch ( maxwell building , room 316 ) 1400-1500 ` the built-in obsolescence of translation ' robert thornberry , alberta 1500-1600 keynote lecture ` translation , imitation , appropriation : on working with impossible texts ' david bellos , manchester 1600-1630 tea 1630-1730 ` translating film : the impossible dream ' peter fawcett , bradford 1730-1830 ` why duplicate this particular solace ? : beckett 's self-translations ' jane walling , durham 1900-2030 conference dinner ( university house ) wednesday 5 april 0930-1030 ` j ' irai cracher sur vos tombes : a two-faced translation ' keith scott , aberystwyth 1030-1100 coffee 1100-1200 ` translating war poetry ' ian higgins , st andrews 1200-1300 keynote lecture ` the ethics of translation ' mary ann caws , city university of new york 1300-1400 lunch ( maxwell building , room 316 ) for further information and a registration form , please contact professor geoff harris or his secretary on + 44 161 745 5614 or e-mail : h . d . roberts @ mod-lang . salford . ac . uk department of modern languages university of salford salford m5 4wt united kingdom
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 1082,""Subject: braille ipa
  
  at the end of 1994 , i sent out a request for information on a braille ipa . a number of people responded . i will begin by thanking them here ( in order of receipt of their messages ) : richard ogden sebastian adorjan dyhr martin lange david hathaway robert hoberman patrick griffiths robert englebretson one source is the royal national institute for the blind in england for which i was given two addresses : stephen phippen , chief editor braille transcription royal national institute for the blind po box 173 peterborough , england pe2 6ws telephone : 0345 023153 and royal national institute for the blind 224 , great portland street mount pleasant london great britain in addition , patrick griffiths wrote : ) alan kemp ( who has recently retired from the linguistics department at ) edinburgh university ) supplied me with computer versions of a braille ) phonetics system that he and bob ladd had devised for a student there a ) few years ago . i imagine that writing to or emailing dr d robert ladd , ) linguistics department , edinburgh university , 40 george square , edinburgh ) eh8 9ll , scotland , uk , would be a way of pursuing this lead . finally , robert englebretson , a grad student in linguistics at the university of california at santa barbara provided a very detailed message . he is himself blind and has used some form of transcription . among other things , he wrote : ) the basic source of information on the braille ipa system is the standard ) """" code of braille textbook formats and techniques , 1977 """" rule xix , section 45 , ) which gives a complete list of ipa and other commonly-used diacritics and ) symbols , and discusses rules for braille transcription of linguistics ) materials in general . ( the basic symbols listed in this work , with some ) additions and changes , are from """" a braille notation of the international ) phonetic alphabet """" , by w . percy merrick and w . potthoff , royal national ) institute for the blind , london , 1932 ; revised 1948 ) . the relevant section ) from """" code of braille textbook formats . . . """" gives a good overview of each ) braille symbol and how it is used , and describes the print symbol it ) represents . the verbal descriptions of the printed symbols are extremely ) useful , since they can provide a means of communicating about a particular ) symbol without having to see it visually . i have a copy of this section in ) both print and braille , and have found both very useful . i can provide ) information about where to get both a braille and a print copy of this ) section , if you are interested . ) a second work i have found useful , was compiled by a braille transcriber ) ( unfortunately now deceased ) who had a great interest in linguistics . it is ) entitled """" phonetic - phonemic symbols in tactile representation """" , and is a list ) of raised tactile drawings of print symbols , with their braille equivalents . ) this is a very useful work for a blind student to get a """" feel """" for the print ) symbols and also as a reference to the braille symbols . the braille edition ) of this booklet costs about $ 3 , and i will be happy to provide contact and ) ordering information upon request . ) i would very much like to get in touch with other people who know ) and / or use the ipa braille system ( both to possibly find braille ) transcribers who know it , as well as to """" network """" with others who ) either use braille or are interested in it . his email address is : 6500reng @ ucsbuxa . ucsb . edu
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 1083,""Subject: re : 6 . 137 ipa
  
  i did n't follow this discussion , but my reaction is : ' altus ' only means its own opposite when translated into english ( or other languages ) . ' altus ' means ) altus ( , full stop . it 's more a property of the sea ( cf . german ' auf hoher see ' ) that it is ' high ' and 'd eep ' at the same time , depending on perspective ; latin choses to use the same expression for both perspectives . hartmut haberland
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 1084,""Subject: re : 6 . 137 ipa
  
  hac ( h ) ek = little hook . is n't the reason why so many """" amerricanists """" used the hac ( h ) ek , especially for the two major affricates in english , related to the fact that these affricates in english function not as two things but as one thing ? now i am a bit confused , because i had usually used the word """" wedge """" for the diacritic above the """" c """" and the """" j """" - not """" hacek . """" also , if """" hacek """" means """" little hook """" as defined in pullum and ladusaw ( p . 29 ) , is n't it better related to the cedilla , which to me looks more like a little hook than the wedge ? ? ? diacritic mania ! hugh buckingham
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 1085,""Subject: re : 6 . 108 sum : words that are their own opposites ( part 2 )
  
  ) bruce nevin reminds us of an intercontinental auto-antonym pair : """" public ) school """" in britain is """" private school """" in the usa and vice versa . ) well hardly . and certainly not vice-versa . the british public schools are a subset of the private schools . contrary to american impressions the term """" private school """" is widely used in uk , as is """" independent school """" in the same meaning . not all private schools are public schools . the term """" state school """" is the usual term for a school that is free for all pupils . anthea fraser gupta english language & literature national university of singapore kent ridge e-mail : ellgupta @ nus . sg singapore 0511 telephone : ( 65 ) 772 3933
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 1086,""Subject: re : 6 . 139 words that are their own opposites
  
  benji wald ( 6 . 139 ) writes : ) but one that i have long wondered about is ) """" risk """" as in """" he risked winning the game """" . i was shocked ( as a teenager ) ) the first time i saw """" he risked losing the game """" ( or something like that ) ) in print , because i previously thought ( and am still inclined toward ) ) the complement of risk being the desirable result , not the undesirable ) one . whether or not this fits into this discussion , i wonder if anyone ) else has had a similar ( or opposite ) reaction or any thoughts ) about what 's going on in the case of """" risk """" . my intuition is certainly the opposite one ; ` he risked winning the game ' sounds ironical - makes sense only via the inference that winning the game is an undesirable result . for me ` risk ' is synonymous with ` take the risk of ' . is that also true for those who share benji 's intuition ? to use the morpheme _ risk _ in a construction which has benji 's interpretation of ` he risked winning the game ' , i would need to say ` he put winning the game at risk ' . is there a dialect difference here ? max wheeler school of cognitive & computing sciences university of sussex falmer brighton bn1 9qh uk
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 1087,""Subject: re : 6 . 139 words that are their own opposites
  
  then there is the curious case of the word """" yet """" , which , as far as i know , formerly meant almost the same as german """" noch """" , but has shifted , through """" not yet """" , esp . in questions , to german """" schon """" . but here in toledo there are people ( my wife ) , who uze it in both meanings - - the syntax alone shows which .
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 1088,""Subject: a semiotic view of win and dos ? for your musement . . .
  
  definitely , a play of musement : subject : the software schism ( fwd ) thanks to nancy owens ( nowens @ csun . edu ) and harold goldwhite ( harold _ goldwhite @ qmbridge . calstate . edu ) i append extracts from a piece by umberto eco that was first posted on the internet in oct . 94 : """" . . . i am firmly of the opinion that the macintosh is catholic and that dos is protestant . indeed the mac is counterreformist and has been influenced by the methodical path of the jesuits . it tells the faithful how they must proceed step by step to reach-if not the kingdom of heaven - the moment in which their document is printed . it is catechistic ; the essence of revelation is dealt with via simple formulae and sumptuous icons . . . . . dos is protestant and even calvinistic . it allows free interpretation of scripture , demands difficult personal decisions , imposes a subtle hermeneutics upon the user , and takes for granted the idea that not all can reach salvation . to make the system work you need to interpret it yourself ; the user is closed within the loneliness of his own inner torment . . . . . with the passage to windows the dos universe has come to resemble more closely the counterreformist tolerance of the mac . it 's true : windows represents an anglican - style schism - - big ceremonies in the cathedral but with the possibility of returning to dos to fiddle with things . with windows you can still decide to allow women and gays to be priests if you want to . and what about the machine language that lies beneath both operating systems ? ah , that is the stuff of the old testament , talmudic and kabbalistic . """" alan c . harris , ph . d . telnos : main off : 818-885 - 2853 professor , communication / linguistics direct off : 818-885 - 2874 speech communication department california state university , northridge home : 818-366 - 3165 spch csun fax : 818-885 - 2663 northridge , ca 91330-8257 internet email : aharris @ huey . csun . edu
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 1089,""Subject: gurt 1995 ( conference program )
  
  georgetown university round table on languages and linguistics 1995 pre - sessions and conference : march 6-11 , 1995 """" linguistics and the education of second language teachers : ethnolinguistic , psycholinguistic , and sociolinguistic aspects """" main conference opening session : wednesday , march 8 , 1995 , 7 : 30 p . m . , georgetown campus , gaston hall ( registration required ) opening remarks : james e . alatis , dean emeritus , school of languages and linguistics chair , georgetown university round table 1995 honored guest : eugene garcia , director , obemla , u . s . department of education speaker : steve krashen , university of southern california the cause - effect confusion and the time issue in education opening reception to follow in icc galleria admission to all sessions by badge only ; registration materials and badges will not be mailed but may be picked up at registration center in intercultural center ( icc ) , exact location to be posted ; registration materials for march 8 evening session available in gaston hall foyer from 6 : 30 p . m . all pre-sessions on march 6 , 7 , and 8 and main sessions on march 9 , 10 , and 11 will be held in intercultural center ( rooms to be posted ) . detailed program with abstracts included in registration packets . thursday , march 9 , 1995 intercultural center plenary speakers : kathleen bailey , monterey institute of international studies what teachers say about teaching bessie dendrinos , university of athens , greece foreign language textbook discourse and pedagogization of the learner invited speakers : david r . andrews , georgetown university standard versus non-standard : the intersection of sociolinguistics and language teaching elsaid badawi , american university in cairo the use of arabic in egyptian t . v . commercials : a language simulator for the training of teachers of arabic as a foreign language kenneth chastain , university of virginia knowledge , language , and communication virginia p . collier , george mason university language acquisition for school : academic , cognitive , sociocultural , and linguistic processes joann crandall , university of maryland baltimore county reinventing schools : the role of the applied linguist nadine o'connor di vito , university of chicago using native speech to formulate past tense rules in french adam jaworski , university of wales , college of cardiff language awareness in applied linguistics students : evidence from linguistic and cultural heritage essays donna lardiere , georgetown university an update on transfer and transferability donald j . loritz , georgetown university unlearning learnability yuling pan , georgetown university addressee , setting , and verbal behavior : how relevant are they in foreign language teaching ? guy spielmann , georgetown university multidisciplinary integrated language education ( mile ) and second / foreign language teaching g . richard tucker , carnegie mellon university developing a research component within a teacher education program andrea tyler , georgetown university patterns of lexis : how much can repetition tell us about discourse coherence ? bill vanpatten , university of illinois , urbana - champaign is psycholinguistics relevant to language teaching ? shelley wong , university of maryland , college park curriculum transformation : a psycholinguistic course for prospective teachers of esol k 12 elizabeth zsiga , georgetown university phonology and phonetics in the education of second language teachers : the representation of some variable rules of english friday , march 10 , 1995 intercultural center plenary speakers : leslie m . beebe , teachers college , columbia university polite fictions : instrumental rudeness as pragmatic competence joan morley , university of michigan maximizing learning invited speakers : vincent j . cangiano , el houcine haichour , stephanie j . stauffer , georgetown university taming the electronic lion , or how to shape a language learning environment out of the chaos called the internet jeff connor - linton , georgetown university late night thoughts on complexity , linguistics , and language teaching barbara a . craig , georgetown university boundary discourse and the authority of knowledge in the second language classroom madeline e . ehrman , u . s . department of state , fsi personality , language learning aptitude , and program structure aviva freedman , carleton university , ottawa """" situating """" learning to write for the l2 teacher william c . hannas , georgetown university teaching chinese teachers what constitutes """" chinese """" susan huss - lederman , georgetown university """" wait wait wait wait ! """" a sociolinguistic analysis of repetition in the speech of adult beginning esl learners using instructional software kurt r . jankowsky , georgetown university on the need to unlearn in the foreign language learning process ronald p . leow , georgetown university teacher education and psycholinguistics : making teachers psycholinguists steven j . loughrin - sacco , boise state university research internships : involving undergraduate foreign language secondary education majors in ethnographic research anne pakir , national university of singapore beginning at the end : """" bilingual education for all """" in singapore and teacher perception sophia c . papaefthymiou - lytra , university of athens , greece culture and the teaching of foreign languages : a case study teresa pica , university of pennsylvania teaching language and teaching language learners : the expanding role and expectations of language teachers in communicative content-based classrooms peter schmitter , martin - luther - universit t halle - wittenberg , germany structural or cognitive semantics as a topic in the linguistic education of second language teachers ? charles w . stansfield , second language testing , inc . considerations in the writing of sopi prompts monique y . wong , hellenic american union , greece using simulation to develop negotiation strategies in a foreign language saturday , march 11 , 1995 intercultural center plenary speakers : marianne celce - murcia , university of california , los angeles the elaboration of sociolinguistic competence : implications for teacher education diane larsen - freeman , school for international training on the changing role of linguistics in the education of second language teachers : past , present , and future invited speakers : catherine n . ball , georgetown university providing comprehensible input in a dead foreign language : two text-based strategies isolda e . carranza , georgetown university multi - level analysis of two-way bilingual classroom discourse anna uhl chamot , georgetown university learning strategies of elementary foreign language immersion students mary el - kadi , old dominion university discourse analysis of classroom interaction and the training of esl teachers elaine k . horwitz , university of texas at austin foreign language anxiety and foreign language teachers : what can teacher educators do ? christina kakava , mary washington college directness and indirectness in professor student interaction : the intersection of contextual and cultural constraints david nunan , university of hong kong systemic - functional linguistics and the education of second language teachers : a case study linju ogasawara , japanese ministry of education ( ret . ) native cultural interference in japanese english usage john j . staczek , georgetown university metalinguistic talk in mature l2 adult-learner classroom discourse stephanie j . stauffer , georgetown university reap what you sow : in - service training for language teachers for computer-mediated communication steven sternfeld , university of utah from hirsch 's dystopia to hakuta 's utopia : a call for multilingual alliance weiping wu , center for applied linguistics education of second language teachers : the link between linguistic theory and teaching practice dolly j . young , university of tennessee language anxiety in sl acquisition : using a wider angle of focus raffaella zanuttini , georgetown university dialectal variation as an insight into the structure of language gen - yuan zhuang , hangzhou university , prc what they hear is not what they read : speech perception and the training of english teachers in china * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * other georgetown conferences : * georgetown linguistics society , gls 1995 , developments in discourse analysis , february 17-19 , 1995 . plenary speakers : frederick erickson , charles goodwin , heidi hamilton , deborah schiffrin , roger shuy , and deborah tannen . contact : gls 1995 , g . u . dept . of linguistics , icc 479 , washington , dc 20057-1068 ; gls @ guvax . georgetown . edu ; gls @ guvax . bitnet ; tel : 202 / 687-6166 . * international linguistics association , ila , discourse and text analysis , march 10-12 , 1995 . contact : ruth brend , 3363 burbank dr . , ann arbor , mi 48105 ; ruth . brend @ um . cc . umich . edu ; tel : 313 / 665-2787 ; fax : ( 313 ) 665-9743 ; email : ruth . brend @ um . cc . umich . edu * 9th annual symposium on arabic linguistics , march 10-12 , 1995 . contact g . u . arabic department , icc 463 , washington , dc 20057-1082 ; solernoe @ guvax . georgetown . edu ; tel : 202 / 687 - 5743 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * pre-conference sessions : march 6 - 8 , 1995 the pre-conference sessions will be held in the intercultural center of georgetown university . please contact the individual organizers for more information on the content of the sessions only . to register , see registration form or contact gurt coordinator . monday , march 6 , 1995 spanish linguistics i organizers : dr . hector campos , mr . eric holt , and ms . norma catalan g . u . department of spanish washington , dc 20057-0989 ( 202 ) 687-6134 hcampos @ guvax . georgetown . edu issues in slavic linguistics organizer : dr . david r . andrews g . u . department of russian washington , dc 20057-0990 ( 202 ) 687-6108 / 6147 andrewsd @ guvax . georgetown . edu african linguistics vi organizer : rev . solomon sara , s . j . , ph . d . g . u . department of linguistics washington , dc 20057-1068 ( 202 ) 687-5956 ssara @ guvax . georgetown . edu discourse and agency : responsibility and deception organizer : dr . patricia e . o'connor g . u . department of english washington , dc 20057-1048 ( 202 ) 687-7622 ; fax : 687-5445 oconnorpe @ guvax . georgetown . edu tuesday , march 7 , 1995 spanish linguistics ii organizers : dr . hector campos , mr . eric holt , and ms . norma catalan g . u . department of spanish washington , dc 20057-0989 ( 202 ) 687-6134 hcampos @ guvax . georgetown . edu teaching and learning spoken arabic organizer : dr . margaret nydell g . u . department of arabic washington , dc 20057-1082 ( 202 ) 687-5743 history of linguistics organizer : dr . kurt r . jankowsky g . u . department of german washington , dc 20057-0994 ( 202 ) 687-5812 innovative audio and looking at multimedia ( two sessions ) organizer : jackie m . tanner , director g . u . language learning technology washington , dc 20057-0987 ( 202 ) 687-5766 jtanner @ guvax . georgetown . edu issues in foreign language program direction i organizer : dr . ronald p . leow g . u . spanish dept . washington , dc 20057-0909 ( 202 ) 687-6134 rleow @ guvax . georgetown . edu wednesday , march 8 , 1995 computer - mediated discourse analysis organizer : dr . susan herring program in linguistics university of texas arlington , tx 76019 ( 817 ) 273-3133 susan @ utafll . uta . edu celebration of bilingual immersion programs organizer : prof . dorothy b . goodman friends of international education p . o . box 4800 washington , dc 20008 ( 202 ) 363-8510 issues in foreign language program direction ii organizer : dr . ronald p . leow g . u . department of spanish washington , dc 20057-0989 ( 202 ) 687-6134 rleow @ guvax . georgetown . edu * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tutorials ( for connor - linton and spielmann tutorials , maximum of 20 participants ; no participant limit for krashen workshop ) : monday , march 6 """" criterion - referenced curriculum and test development for language teachers and administrators """" presenter : dr . jeff connor - linton , g . u . dept of linguistics , ( 202 ) 687-5956 tuesday , march 7 """" language acquisition and language education : a review of research and theory and current issues """" presenter : dr . steve krashen , school of education , university of southern california , los angeles , ca 90089-0031 wednesday , march 8 authentic documents in the language class : theoretical perspectives and didactic applications presenter : dr . guy spielmann , g . u . department of french , ( 202 ) 687-5717 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * for registration and other information , please contact carolyn a . straehle , coordinator * gurt 1995 * georgetown university school of languages and linguistics * 303 intercultural center * washington , dc 20057-1067 * e-mail : gurt @ guvax . bitnet or gurt @ guvax . georgetown . edu * voice : 202 / 687-5726 * fax : 202 / 687-5712 * * * * * * * to obtain gurt ' 95 information from the world wide web , use the following address : url : http : / / www . georgetown . edu / conferences / gurt95 / gurt95 . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * for inexpensive student accommodations , contact : washington student center at the washington international ayh - hostel 1009 11th street , nw washington , dc 20001 tel : ( 202 ) 737-2333 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",0
 1090,""Subject: citing e-texts
  
  dear linguists , this is not linguist - l - specific , but my colleagues and i would really welcome some wisdom on a citation problem . how does one cite electronic versions of literary and other texts brought down from the net / web ? there are no page or paragraph numbers and even the provenance of the text is not always clear ( e . g . from what print edition was it keyed-in or scanned ? ) . the * mla handbook * ( 3rd edition , which is the latest we have ) , and the agps * style manual * ( the australian standard ) offer no help . indeed , has anyone in linguistic / literary studies put together a set of consistent formats for citing electronic-archived material , e-list contributions , e-texts , e-journals etc . ? we would greatly appreciate some guidance , be it informed or inspired . jan tent department of literature and language school of humanities the university of the south pacific p . o . box 1168 suva fiji tel : ( 679 ) 313900 ext . 2263 fax : ( 679 ) 305053 e - mail : tent _ j @ usp . ac . fj
 "",0
 1091,""Subject: references in slavic syntax
  
  dear linguists , i am going to write a coursework in syntax on government and binding grammar basis . i have preliminary chosen two topics : """" formation of yes - no questions in russian """" or """" double negation in russian """" ( like """" he does not eat nothing """" ) . could you send me some references on these two topics so that i could read the relevant literature and choose one of the topics . i would prefer references on yes-no question formation and double negation in slavic languages but any references on these topics will do , preferred are references in gb framework . thank you , elena rudnitskaya .
 "",0
 1092,""Subject: slow spanish accent
  
  just wondering if any of you native spanish speakers or those who have lived in central and south american spanish speaking countries know of a corrollary to the following ones for french and german . the french in france often refer to the swiss french as having very slow speech . my experience living in europe for a number of years does indicate that there is some truth to that , although i have not done any quantifiable research on the subject . the swiss germans also appear to to have a slower rate of speech than do other german speakers i know . 2 questions : 1 . do spanish speakers from central and south america refer to spanish speakers in any single country as people that typically speak slowerslower than those from other countries ? and those who faster or the fastest ? 2 . has any research been done on this subject for any of theose languages and / or for english ? please send replies directly to me at : allenjh @ cat . com or jhallen @ indiana . edu thanks jeff allen
 "",0
 1093,""Subject: sum : register in the pre-school age
  
  summary : references on the topic : register and / or genre in the pre-school age a week before christmas i sent out a query about references on the topic : register and / or genre in the pre-school age . this is a summary of the replies i got from netters on the linguist list and info - childes . i wish to express my thanks to all of you who responded . i ' ll do this collectively now , since i will not be referring to single respondents in the following list of references . caroline liberg allen , m . s . , m . k . kentoy , j . c . sherlbom , & i . m . petit , 1994 . children 's narrative productions : a comparison of personal events and fictional stories . * applied psycholinguistics * 15 , 149-176 , barro - zecker , l . ( 1991 ) . young children 's early literacy development across genres . unpublished doctoral dissertation , university of michigan , ann arbor , mi . elizabeth bates ( 1976 ) . chapter 9 : acquisition of polite forms : experimental evidence from ' language & context : the acquisition of pragmatics . san francisco : academic press . bauman , r . ( 1982 ) . ethnography of children 's folklore . in p . gilmore & a . a . glatthorn ( eds . ) , children in and out of school : ethnography and education ( pp . 172-186 ) . washington , dc . : center for applied linguistics . beals , d . e . & snow , c . e . ( 1994 ) ' thunder is when the angels are upstairs bowling ' : narratives and explanations at the dinner table . journal of narrative and life history . vol 4 no . 4 , pp . 331-352 berman , r . a . & d . i . slobin , 1994 . * relating events in narrative : a crosslssinguistic developmental study * . erlbaum brady , m . , & eckhardt , r . ( 1975 ) . black girls at play : folkloric perspectives on child development . austin , tx : southwest educational development laboratory . dowker , a . ( 1989 ) . rhyme and alliteration in poems elicited from young children . journal of child language , 16 , 181-202 . charles ferguson ( 1977 ) . baby talk as a simplified register . in snow & ferguson ( eds . ) , ' talking to children . ' hasan , r . ( 1989 ) . linguistics , language , and verbal art . oxford : oxford university press . hicks , d . ( 1990 ) . narrative skills and genre knowledge : ways of telling in the primary school grades . applied psycholinguistics , 11 ( 1 ) , 83-104 . himley , m . ( 1986 ) . genre as generative : one perspective on one child 's early writing growth . in m . nystrand , the structure of written communication : studies in reciprocity between writers and readers ( pp . 137-157 ) . new york : academic press . kamberelis , g . ( 1994 ) . tropes are for kids : young children 's developing understanding of narrative , poetic , and expository written discourse genres . ( doctoral dissertation , university of michigan , 1993 ) . dissertation abstracts international , 54 ( 12 ) , 4379a . kroll , l . ( 1990 , april ) . making meaning in writing : a longitudinal study of young children 's writing development . paper presented at the annual conference of the american educational research association , boston , ma . langer , j . a . ( 1986 ) . children reading and writing : structures and strategies . norwood , nj : ablex . martin , j . 1983 . in fine & freedle , eds . * developmental issues in discourse * , pp . 1-40 ( ablex ) martin , j . r . ( 1984 ) . language , register and genre . children writing : reader ( pp . 21-30 ) . ( ect418 language studies ) . geelong , victoria , australia : deakin university press . newkirk , t . ( 1989 ) . more than stories : the range of children 's writing . portsmouth , nh : heinemann . e . ochs keenan ( 1983 ) . conversational competence in children . in ochs & schieffelin , ' acquiring conversational competence . ' pappas , c . c . ( 1993 ) . is narrative """" primary """" ? some insights from kindergartners ' pretend readings of stories and information books . journal of reading behavior : a journal of literacy , 25 ( 1 ) , 97-129 . suzanne romaine : """" the language of children and adolescents """" , blackwell , 1984 . elaine slosberg andersen ( 1992 ) . ' speaking with style : the sociolinguistic skills of children . london and new york : routledge . sowers , s . ( 1985 ) . the story and the all-about book . in j . hansen , t . newkirk , & d . graves , ( eds . ) , breaking ground : teachers relate reading and writing in the elementary school ( pp . 73 - 82 ) . portsmouth , nh : heinemann . stoel - gammon , c . , & scliar - cabral , l . ( 1977 ) . learning how to tell it like it is : the development of the reportative function in children 's speech . papers and reports on child language development , 13 ( ed 144 383 ) , stanford university , stanford , ca . toolan , m . 1988 . * narrative : a critical linguistic introduction . * watson , r . ( 1989 ) . literate discourse and cognitive organization : some relations between parents ' talk and three-year - olds ' thought . applied psycholinguistics , 10 ( 2 ) , 221-236 . d . wolf , j . moreton , & l . camp ( 1994 ) . children 's acquisition of different kinds of narrative discourse : genres and lines of talk . in j . sokolov & c . e . snow , eds . * handbook of research in language development using childes * , erlbaum , pp . 286-323 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * caroline liberg dept of linguistics , uppsala university box 513 , s-751 20 uppsala , sweden fax : + 46 18 181416 tel : + 46 18 181344 e-mail : caroline . liberg @ ling . uu . se
 "",0
 1094,""Subject: sum : c gemination ( syntactic )
  
  content - length : 10885 summary of data on syntactic gemination of consonants a couple of weeks ago i posted a query on what i termed """" syntactic gemination """" , for which i got information from no fewer than 15 respondents . i am very grateful to them all . here they are , listed in alphabetical order : list of the 15 respondents : prathima christdas ( prathima . christdas @ um . cc . umich . edu ) vincent decaen ( decaen @ epas . utoronto . ca ) lance eccles ( lance . eccles @ mq . edu . au ) maik gibson ( llrgbson @ reading . ac . uk ) david gil ( ellgild @ nusvm . bitnet ) ralf grosserhode ( afrikanistik2 @ uni-bayreuth . de ) jacques guy ( j . guy @ trl . oz . au ) marcia haag ( haag @ monk . nhn . uoknor . edu ) mark robert hale ( hale1 @ alcor . concordia . ca ) bruce nevin ( bnevin @ lightstream . com ) john phillips ( john @ ccyi . ccy . yamaguchi-u . ac . jp ) mari siiroinen ( siiroinen @ cc . helsinki . fi ) norbert strade ( lingnost @ hum . aau . dk ) mark verhijde ( mark . verhyde @ let . ruu . nl ) caroline r . wiltshire ( wiltshir @ minerva . cis . yale . edu ) the term """" syntactic gemination """" was not specific enough , as i had in mind only gemination at word boundaries , and not word-internal gemination at morpheme boundaries . nevertheless i will mention such cases as have been pointed out by respondents . besides , in my haste , i had forgotten to mention classical greek , which i had also taken into account in the preliminary version of my paper . here are the data : a syntactic gemination at word-boundary a . 1 - italian this is the """" raddoppiamento sintattico """" of central and southern italian . nevertheless the conditions under which this appears seem to vary considerably among the dialects ( and the speakers ? ) . for instance , the example """" a casa """" [ a ' kkasa ] , taken from lepschy & lepschy ( 1981 ) is not accepted in the dialect of an italian colleague at my university . a . 2 & a . 3 - biblical hebrew and phenician in these languages the definite article / ha / triggers gemination of the initial consonant of the following word ( except for certain consonants ) . for instance , in bh , we have / su : s / ( horse ) , but / ha ssu : s / ( the horse ) . the same would seem to apply to phenician ( see the grammars by segert , van den branden ) , although we have only one epigraphic attestation in punic . the explanation is that a proto-article is reconstructed as * / han / or * / hal / , so that * / hal su : s / ) * / has su : s / , then reinterpreted as / ha ssu : s / . this hypothesis has been connected with the arabic data : the final c of the article / ? al / is assimilated to the initial c of the following word ( at least for the socalled """" sun """" cs ) . for instance : / ? as samak / ( the f ish ) . 46or arabic , gibson adds this : in tunisian arabic there is a clearer case ( @ is schwa ) : shaaf - @ t 's aw - 3sf ' """" she saw """" shaaf - @ tt-u 's aw - 3sf-3sm ' """" she saw him """" the doubling is done to maintain syllable structure , but this is not the20 normal way . we would normally expect the elision of @ , to shaaf-t - u , but20 this does not happen in the 3s feminine past . a . 4 - classical greek in attic greek word-initial / r - / goes to / rr - / under certain conditions after a word ending in a short final v . in epic texts , or in other dialects , this gemination is extended to other sonants : / l - , m - , n - / . we even find / pp - / attested in boeotian these four languages were the only instances known to me when i posted the query . incidentally , note that they are different from the cases of latin """" hic """" and """" hoc """" , which were pronounced / hikk / and / hokk / before a word beginning with a v . the form / hokk / is original ( and / hikk / analogically modelled after it ) , so that diachrony forces us to say that / hokk / is simplified into / hok / before a c - initial word . here are now the additional data kindly supplied by my respondents , which i paste freely . a . 5 - finnish ( eccles , siiroinen , strade ) there is consonant gemination at word boundaries in certain cases in finnish . it is morphologically conditioned though it is """" syntactic """" . several morphemes or forms trigger it : imperative 2nd person singular ( ota ' take ' / otas se ' take it ' ) , allative case ( annan sinulle ' i - give to-you ' / annan sinullek kirjan ' i - give to-you a book ' ) , most of the nouns ending in - e ( kirje ' a letter ' / kirjet tuli ' a letter arrived ' ) and so on . other examples : in some negative forms : * en mene sinne * ( i do n't go there ) , pronounced20 * en menes sinne * negation + v - stem + there verb ( go ) 20 1 . sg . the same in imperative : * a """" la """" mene sinne * ( do n't go there ! ) , 20 pronounced : 20 * a """" la """" menes sinne * neg . verb imp . 2 . sg . also in the so called """" 1 . infinitive """" : * ha """" nen pita """" isi tulla ta """" nne * ( he / she ought to20 come here ) , pron : * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tullat ta """" nne * 20 inf . 1 here 20 the background for this gemination is the historical loss of a final consonant in the suffix-less verbal stem and in the mentioned infinitive form . this consonant was assimilated to a following consonant . while it disappeared without any trace in an end position or in front of a vowel , the gemination of the following consonant was retained . this feature is n't marked in orthography . a . 6 & a . 7 - tamil and malayalam ( christdas , wiltshire ) tamil has gemination of word initial stops following words with some case markings ( accusative at least ) . a brief account can be found in christdas , prathima ( 1987 ) """" on constraining the power of lexical phonology : evidence from tamil """" in mcdonough , j . and plunkett ( eds ) proceedings of nels 17 , volume 1 : 122-146 . 20 syntactic gemination is also found in malayalam , a closely related language . a . 8 - celtic languages ( phillips ) the celtic languages have """" mutations """" , changes to the beginnings of words due to their syntactic environment . types of mutations include prefixing of h or n to a vowel and voicing , devoicing , nasalising , etc . , of consonants . one of the mutations in old irish was gemination . the welsh spirant mutation is historically cognate with irish gemination , e . g . ci """" dog """" , but tri chi """" three dogs """" , cath a chi """" a cat and a dog """" , though gemination in old irish occurred in a much wider range of environments . some of the mutations in breton are realised phonetically as gemination , though spelt otherwise . on other cases of c - mutation , see the mention by verhijede below ( fulla , southern paiute ) . a . 9 - the kelantan dialect of malay ( gil ) in the kelantan dialect of malay , agents of passive clauses ( ie . """" by """" - phrases ) are marked not with a preposition ( as in standard malay ) , but , rather , by gemination of the initial consonant . cb : if i understand this correctly , the preposition has been ellipted ? b - word - internal syntactic gemination word - internal syntactic gemination seems to be widespread , probably more than gemination at word-boundary . as pointed out by nevin , in many languages , some phonotactic effects apply only in certain syntactically defined domains , for example , in roots or in verb stems , but not in affixes . hale adds that the number of languages which show this process is quite large . for instance there are some oceanic examples . at any rate , both sanskrit and ( if the meter is to be believed ) and preclassical ( homeric ) greek show such processes . here are a few specific instances : b . 1 - classical greek word - internal / r / is geminated to / rr / after the augment or after a vowel in compounds , variably . b . 2 - choctaw ( haag ) choctaw ( a muskogean lg of n . america ) has an inflectional form ( for aspect marking ) that involves deformation of the stem such that a medial consonant is geminated , or / y / is inserted an geminated if there are not the requisite number of syllables . so we have falama ` return ' becoming fallaama ` finally return ' while ala ` arrive ' becomes ayyaala ` finally arriv e ' . b . 2 - sakao ( guy ) sakao is a language spoken at espiritu santo , , in vanuatu ( formerly new - hebrides ) . when the direct object is incorporated in the verb , the initial c of the verb is geminated . examples , with son 3d to hunt / shoot with a bow , enes 3d fish : moson enes 3d he is fishing fish with a bow ( now ) but : mossones 3d he fishes fish with a bow ( generally ) , il peche a l ' arc analysis : mv - 3eme p . sg . realis sson20 nes ( ( enes with disappearance of the compulsory article v - , then simplification of the two n 's inro one n ) nb : o 3d open o ( ipa """" open o """" in pullum & ladusaw , p . 117 ) e 3d open e ( ipa epsilon ) b . 3 - biblical hebrew gil adds this on hebrew : in biblical hebrew the 2nd binyan ( """" pi99el """" ) is formed by reduplication of the 2nd root consonant , together with the appropriate choice of vowels . now in most part , the binyan system is considered """" derivational """" and hence not , strictly speaking , syntactic ; however , in some cases , the 2nd binyan is the """" transitive """" or """" causitive """" of the first , in which case gemination ( plus vowel pattern ) does have a syntactic function . let me end by a more theoretical note , quoting verhijde : your question touches upon the fields of interaction between morphology-syntax and phonology ( prosody ) . now as far as i know , all c - gemination is in itself strictly phonological . thus if i understand your question correctly , you wish to find out whether there are languages that appear have morphological / syntactic triggers for c - gemination . there is a huge bulk of material on sandhi - effects , as for example the italian rs case you mentioned in your query . perhaps ellen kaisse ( 1985 ) , _ connected speech _ may be of some help . now with respect to your query : i was thinking ( from a phonological point of view ) that c - gemination is really : share melody . or in more abstract terms : share [ x ] . if this is correct , then for example c - mutation ( like in fula , southern paiute and celtic languages ) under syntactic considerations may become very interesting for you . thans again to all of you who generously answered my question . claude boisson universite lumiere , lyon , france ( claude . boisson @ mrash . fr )
 "",0
 1095,""Subject: 
  
  phonology & phonetics leiden in last : hil phonology papers i ( hil publications 1 ) . edited by harry van der hulst & jeroen van de weijer . the hague : holland academic graphics . pb . isbn 90-5569 - 008 - 2 . 431pp . jan 1995 . dfl 60 ( incl . p&p , excl . 6 % vat ) . e - mail : 72113 . 335 @ compuserve . com a collection of sixteen articles presented at the first hil phonology conference held in leiden in january 1993 . covers a wide variety of topics in segmental and metrical phonology . with an introductory text , presenting the most important theoretical developments in phonology of the last decade . contributors : harry van der hulst & jeroen van de weijer , outi bat - el , cynthia brown , mike davenport , daniel dor , j | rgen geilmann , janet grijzenhout , tracy hall , karijn helsloot , harry van der hulst & aone van engelenhoven , ren / e kager , blanca palmada , glyne piggott , krisztina polga / rdi , wendy sandler , elan dresher & harry van der hulst . new publication : the handbook of phonological theory , edited by john a . goldsmith ( university of chicago ) . 1995 . published by basil blackwell , oxford and cambridge ma . 32 chapters from 37 authors surveying the field of contemporary phonological theory . 992 pages . price is $ 79 . 95 ( hardcover ) in north america , and 70 pounds sterling elsewhere . blackwell 's email address for inspection copies is blkwell @ world . std . com in the us , and inspcopies @ cix . compulink . co . uk in the uk . pragmatics rudanko , juhani . 1993 . pragmatic approaches to shakespeare . essays on othello , coriolanus and timon of athens . lanham , new york and london : the university press of america . the book explores and develops methods of linguistic pragmatics that can , it is suggested , be applied to the study of dramatic dialogue in three shakespearean tragedies . as far as othello is concerned , the methods applied include topic analysis and case grammar analysis , the latter applied to soliloquies ; in the case of coriolanus there is a focus on speech act analysis , and as for timon of athens , it is proposed that politeness theory sheds light on themes of the play . it is argued that the practical application of methods of linguistic pragmatics contributes to a better understanding of the three plays as dramatic works of art and also leads to the further refinement of the methods themselves as tools of analysis . east asian langs koizumi , m . and ura , h . ( eds . ) formal approaches to japanese linguistics 1 : proceedings of the may 1994 mit conference mit working papers in linguistics # 24 1994 411 pp . syntax $ 15 + p / h ( $ 2 in us , else $ 3 ) . distributed by mitwpl , 20d-219 mit , cambridge ma 02139 ( mitwpl @ mit . edu ) papers by t . aikawa ; h . aoyagi ; c . brockett ; s . dubinsky ; y . endo ; y . kato ; r . kawashima ; a . kikuchi , m . oishi , & n . yusa ; n . kimura ; h . kitahara ; m . koizumi ; a . nakamura ; m . nakayama ; m . saito ; h . sakai ; k . - w . sohn ; n . tsujimura ; h . ura ; j . venditti & h . yamashita ; s . watanabe .
 "",0
 1096,""Subject: intensive summer arabic language institute
  
  the georgetown arabic department of the school of languages and linguistics will host intensive courses in modern standard arabic worth 12 undergraduate credits . elem , interm . , advanced and a course in arabic - eng . translation will be offered . for pamphlet , contact : belkacem baccouche , director , georgetown university , arabic dept . , washington , d . c . 20057-1082 . ( 202 ) 687-5743
 "",0
 1097,""Subject: m . a . in scandinavian linguistics
  
  m . a . in scandinavian linguistics at the university of tromsoe 1995-1996 ( corrected version ) the linguistics section of the institute for language and literature at the university of tromsoe , norway , offers a one year course leading up to a master of arts degree , starting the fall of 1995 . the course is designed to prepare students for research in generative syntax and phonology with special attention to the scandinavian languages . the course is open to students from all countries with a background in linguistics corresponding roughly to a b . a . with a major in linguistics , or a norwegian cand . mag . the course is equivalent to 60 e . c . t . s credits . instruction will be in english . proficiency in a scandinavian language is not required , nor is previous knowledge of scandinavian grammar . those who wish may follow a course in norwegian for foreigners during the whole year . students pay no tuition , only a nominal registration fee . a limited number of grants are available for students from eastern europe or developing countries . the course will consist of lectures , seminars , and tutorials , with examinations at the end of each term ( fall and spring term ) . in addition , the students are required to write two research papers . in the fall of 1995 there will be a lecture series on scandinavian syntax and another one on scandinavian phonology . in addition there will be seminars , tutorials , and a crash course in icelandic grammar . in the spring of1996 there will be a lecture series on historical scandinavian linguistics , plus seminars and tutorials . also during spring term the students will write their two research papers . the teachers are anders holmberg and tarald taraldsen ( syntax ) , ove lorenz and curtis rice ( phonology ) . other teachers who will contribute at various points in the course include christer platzack , cecilia falk ( university of lund ) , halldor a . sigurdsson ( university of iceland ) , tomas riad ( university of stockholm ) . for further information , contact anders holmberg isl , linguistics university of tromsoe n-9037 tromsoe , norway phone : 47-77645616 , fax : 47-77645625 e-mail : andersh @ isl . uit . no
 "",0
 1098,""Subject: fulbright announcement : please post / disseminate to lists
  
  fulbright announcement : please post / disseminate to lists subject fulbright scholar program competition for 1996-97 : fulbright chairs in western europe and canada action : submissions due may 1 , 1995 info : dr . karen adams or ms . margo cunniffe council for international exchange of scholars 3007 tilden street , n . w . , suite 5m washington , dc 20008-3009 telephone : 202-686 - 6245 or 202 / 686-6242 fax : 202-362 - 3442 internet : we1 @ ciesnet . cies . org * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * award descriptions : 1 . italy : venice chair department of philosophy and theory of sciences , university of venice . three months , between 2 / 97 and 6 / 97 . specialty : philosophy of language or theoretical linguistics . assignment : grantee will teach on both graduate and undergraduate levels and is to offer an advanced class in either contemporary theoretical linguistics ( theory of syntax and the syntax of logical form ) or contemporary philosophy of language ( theory of meaning , semantics of natural language , theory of predication , language and ontology ) . lecturing in english . 2 . italy : naples chair department of modern philology , university of naples . three months , between 3 / 1 / 97 and 5 / / 31 / 97 . specialty : american literature , american cultural studies , american language , or general linguistics . assignment : lecturing in english . occasional guest lectures at other cultural institutions in naples and elsewhere in italy .
 "",0
 1099,""Subject: esslli
  
  seventh european summer school in logic language and information barcelona , august 14-25 1995 for more information contact : esslli95 gilcub avda . vallvidrera 25 08017 barcelona fax + 43 3 2054656 tlf + 43 3 2033597 e - mail esslli95 @ gilcub . es general information the summer school the seventh european summer school in logic , language and information will be held at the biology faculty of barcelona university from august 14th to 25th . the school is organized under the auspices of the european foundation of logic , language and information ( folli ) , jointly by universitat de barcelona , universitat rovira i virgili , universitat autonoma de barcelona , and universitat politecnica de catalunya . the previous summer schools took place at rijks universiteit groningen in the netherlands in1989 , at the katholieke universiteit leuven in belgium in 1990 , at the universitat saarlandes , saarbrucken in germany in 1991 , at the university of essex colchester in the united kingdomin 1992 , at the faculdade de letras da universidade de lisboa in portugal in 1993 , and at the copenhagen business school in denmark in 1994 . for these schools financial support was derived from a variety of sources , including the commision of the european community , through the erasmus programme and the dg xiii , research networks , national research councils , and industrial sponsors . the same kind of support is expected for the 1995 school . the main focus of the summer school is the interface between logic , linguistics and computation , where it concerns the modelling of human linguistic and cognitive abilities . the 1995 school programme will include courses , workshops , and symposia covering a variety of topics within six areas of interest : logic , language , computation , logic and computation , computation and language , language and logic . courses will be cast at both introductory and advanced levels . introductory courses are designed to familiarize students with new fields and do not presuppose any background knowledge , while advanced courses are designed to allow participants to acquire more specialized expertise in areas they are already familiar with . workshops will be chaired by an expert in ther field and will provide an opportunity for phd students and other young researchers to present their work and gain informed feedback and useful contacts . symposia will typically consist of a series of presentations on a timely topic by people active in the relevant areas . both workshops and symposia are intended to encourage collaboration and cross fertilization of ideas by stimulatingin-depth discussion of issues which are at the forefront of current research in the field . there will also be a series of invited evening lecturers by well-known experts in their field . accomodation there will be accomodation available . more information will appear in following anouncements . course programme section : logic and language algebraic semantics for natural language name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : godehard link affiliation ( s ) : institut fur philosophie , logik und wissenschaftstheorie ( iplw ) universitat munchen e - mail : glink @ cis . uni-muenchen . de type : introductory formal forays into language name of lecturers : jan van eijck and jan jaspars affiliation ( s ) : cwi , amsterdam and ots , utrecht e - mail : jve @ cwi . nl / jaspars @ cwi . nl type : introductory the dynamics of structure name of lecturer ( s ) : c . vermeulen , a . visser affiliation ( s ) : department of philosophy e - mail : albert . visser @ phil . ruu . nl , kees . vermeulen @ phil . ruu . nl type : advanced nearness and syntactic influence spheres name of lecturer : marcus kracht affiliation : department of mathematics , fu berlin e - mail : kracht @ math . fu-berlin . de type : advanced feature logics and infinitary descriptions name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : bill keller affiliation ( s ) : school of cognitive and computing sciences , university of sussex e - mail : billk @ cogs . susx . ac . uk type : advanced a mathematical theory of language learnability name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : dick de jongh and makoto kanazawa affiliation ( s ) : department of mathematics and computer science , university of amsterdam department of cognitive and information sciences , faculty of letters , chiba university e - mail : dickdj @ fwi . uva . nl and kanazawa @ cogsci . l . chiba-u . ac . jp type : advanced complex part structures and natural language name of lecturer : friederike moltman affiliation : dept of philosophy , city university of new york ( cuny ) e - mail : isagc @ cunyvm . bitnet type : advanced properties and types name of organizer : chris fox affiliation : department of computer science university of essex e - mail : foxcj @ essex . ac . uk type : workshop formal epistemology name of organizer : hans rott affiliation ( s ) : university of konstanz e - mail : pirott @ nyx . uni-konstanz . de type : workshop underspecification in computational semantics name of organizer : robin cooper and massimo poesio ( fracas ) affiliation ( s ) : university of edinburgh e - mail : { cooper , poesio } @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk type : symposium section : logic introduction to modal logic name of lecturer : ramon jansana affiliation : department of logic , history and philosophy of science , universitat de barcelona , spain . e - mail : jansana @ cerber . ub . es type : introductory temporal logic name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : ian hodkinson affiliation ( s ) : imperial college london e - mail : imh @ doc . ic . ac . uk type : advanced descriptive complexity theory name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : flum , joerg affiliation ( s ) : mathematisches institut , universitaet freiburg , e - mail : flum @ sun1 . ruf . uni-freiburg . de type : advanced algebraizations of sentential logics name of lecturer : josep maria font affiliation : faculty of mathematics , university of barcelona e - mail : font @ cerber . mat . ub . es type : advanced some new trends in algebraic logic name of organizer : josep maria font affiliation : faculty of mathematics , university of barcelona e - mail : font @ cerber . mat . ub . es type : workshop advanced modal logic name of lecturers : patrick blackburn , maarten de rijke and y de venema . affiliation : patrick blackburn , ( universitat des saarlandes , saarbrucken ) , maarten de rijke ( cwi , amsterdam ) , and yde venema ( vrije universiteit , amsterdam ) . e - mail : patrick @ coli . uni-sb . de , maarten . de . rijke @ cwi . nl and yde @ cs . vu . nl type : advanced situation theory with applications name of organizer : keith devlin affiliations : saint mary 's college of california , moraga , and csli , stanford . e - mail : devlin @ stmarys-ca . edu type : symposium section : computation and logic logical frameworks name : d . basin , s . mathews ( saarbruecken ) e - mail : basin @ mpi-sb . mpg . de and sean @ mpi-sb . mpg . de type : introductory knowledge representation and logic name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : franz baader affiliation ( s ) : lufg theoretische informatik rwth aachen e - mail : baader @ informatik . rwth-aachen . de type : introductory deductive database name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : gerhard koestler affiliation ( s ) : universitaet augsburg e - mail : koestler @ uni-augsburg . de type : introductory programming with temporal logic name : howard barringer and dov gabbay affiliation ( s ) : the university of manchester imperial college of science , technology and medicine e - mail : howard @ man . cs . ac . uk and dg @ doc . ic . ac . uk type : advanced power structures and program semantics name of lecturer : chris brink . affiliation : mathematics department , university of cape town . email : cbrink @ maths . uct . ac . za . type : advanced . automated deduction in non - classical logics name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : lincoln a . wallen affiliation ( s ) : oxford university e - mail : lincoln . wallen @ comlab . ox . ac . uk type : advanced how to tame you logic ? maarten marx : university of amsterdam e - mail : marx @ ccsom . uva . nl szabolcs mikulas logic graduate school e - mail : mikulas @ fwi . uva . nl e - mail : h3762mik @ ella . hu type : advanced expressive nonmonotonic reasoning ( nmr ) name : franz baader affiliation ( s ) : lufg theoretische informatik , rwth aachen e - mail : baader @ informatik . rwth-aachen . de name : karl schlechta affiliation ( s ) : laboratoire d ' informatique de marseille , ura cnrs 178 universite de provence . e - mail : ks @ gyptis . univ-mrs . fr type : workshop logical formalisms for planning , plan recognition , and plan modification dr . susanne biundo german research center for artificial intelligence email : biundo @ dfki . uni-sb . de type : workshop methods for constructing and manipulating logical systems prof . dov m gabbay imperial college of science , technology and medicine email : dg @ doc . ic . ac . uk subject logic engineering : labelled deductive systems , and computer support for studying logics type : symposium section : computation partial evaluation name of lecturer ( s ) : neil jones affiliation ( s ) : diku , university of copenhagen e - mail : neil @ diku . dk type : introductory interactive development of proofs and programs name of lecturer ( s ) : christine paulin - mohring affiliation ( s ) : lip-cnrs ura 1398 - ecole normale superieure de lyon e - mail : christine . paulin @ lip . ens-lyon . fr type : advanced implementation of functional programming languages name of lecturer ( s ) : simon peyton jones affiliation ( s ) : department of computing science , university of glasgow e - mail : simonpj @ dcs . gla . ac . uk type : advanced section : language and computation formalizing and implementing syntactic theories name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : edward stabler and mark johnson affiliation ( s ) : edward stabler , ucla and mark johnson , brown university e - mail : stabler @ cognet . ucla . edu and mj @ cs . brown . edu type : introductory corpus - based models of language processing name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : rens bod and remko scha affiliation ( s ) : university of amsterdam institute for logic , language and computation department of computational linguistics e - mail : rens @ alf . let . uva . nl scha @ alf . let . uva . nl type : introductory automated deduction for logics of linguistic resources name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : michael moortgat affiliation ( s ) : research institute for language and speech ( ots ) e - mail : moortgat @ let . ruu . nl type : advanced topics in lexical - functional grammar name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : ronald kaplan and mary dalrymple affiliation ( s ) : xerox parc e - mail : kaplan @ parc . xerox . com ; dalrymple @ parc . xerox . com type : advanced categorial syntax and semantics name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : bob carpenter * and glyn morrill * * affiliation ( s ) : philosophy department , carnegie mellon university * department of computer systems and languages , polytechnic university of catalunya * * e - mail : carp @ lcl . cmu . edu * and morrill @ lsi . upc . es * * type : advanced lambek calculus and linear logic name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : v . michele abrusci affiliation ( s ) : universitat di roma la sapienza dipartimento di studi filosofici ed epistemologici e - mail : abrusci @ sci . uniroma1 . it type : advanced natural language generation name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : robert dale affiliation ( s ) : microsoft institute of advanced software technology e - mail : rdale @ microsoft . com type : advanced formal and computational phonology name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : t . mark ellison affiliation ( s ) : university of edinburgh ( till january , then inesc , lisbon ) e - mail : marke @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk type : workshop the computational lexicon name organizer : m . felisa verdejo affiliation ( s ) : universidad nacional educacion a distancia e - mail : felisa @ horacio . dieec . uned . es type : workshop proof theory , labelled deduction and natural language name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : professor ruth kempson affiliation ( s ) : school of oriental & african studies , university of london e - mail : kempson @ clus1 . ulcc . ac . uk type : symposium section : language head - driven phrase structure grammar name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : philip h . miller affiliation ( s ) : universite ' de lille 3 e - mail : pmiller @ ulb . ac . be type : introductory phrase structure typology and lfg name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : joan bresnan affiliation ( s ) : stanford university e - mail : bresnan @ csli . stanford . edu type : advanced aspectuality and event structure name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : henk verkuyl affiliation ( s ) : utrecht university ots e - mail : verkuyl @ let . ruu . nl type : introductory the acquisition of syntax and morphology name of lecturer : harald clahsen affiliation : department of language and linguistics , university of essex e - mail : harald @ essex . ac . uk type : advanced prosody , information , and grammatical architecture name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : dick oehrle affiliation ( s ) : department of linguistics , university of arizona e - mail : oehrle @ convx1 . ccit . arizona . edu type : advanced constraint based formalisms and grammar writing name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : jochen doerre and suresh manandhar affiliation ( s ) : university of stuttgart and university of edinburgh e - mail : suresh . manandhar @ ed . ac . uk jochen . doerre @ ims . uni-stuttgart . de type : workshop argument structure and linking theory name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : annie zaenen ( * ) and louisa sadler ( * * ) affiliation ( s ) : ( * ) rank xerox research centre and ( * * ) university of essex e - mail : ( * ) annie . zaenen @ xerox . fr and ( * * ) louisa @ essex . ac . uk type : symposium
 "",0
 1100,""Subject: obituary of zhou1 zu3 - mo2
  
  zhou zumo ( zhou1 zu3 - mo2 ) the noted chinese scholar zhou1 zu3 - mo2 died in a peking hospital on 14 january , 1995 . he was 80 years old . a professor at peking university and a native of peking , prof . zhou1 zu3 - mo2 was one of the world 's greatest experts on the written sources for chinese historical phonology . his principal works are the _ wen4 - xue2 ji2 _ [ the """" inquiring into learning """" collection ] , which contains his most important philological essays , and an annotated edition ( with thorough textual collation ) of the _ guang3 - yun4 _ , the main written source for chinese historical phonology . prof . zhou1 's edition of the _ guang3 - yun4 _ is now the standard .
 "",0
 1101,""Subject: re : 6 . 132 innateness
  
  don churma writes : """" this elephant is too big for any one """" blind man """" to figure out alone ! """" probably true , especially for this blind man , but we probably should keep our hands firmly in contact with the beast anyway . for me , this means taking to heart warnings such as michael studdert - kennedy 's : """" characteristic motor systems have evolved for locomotion , predation , consumption , mating . matching perceptual systems have evolved to guide the animan in these activities . the selection pressure shaping each species ' perceptuomotor capacities have come , in the first instance , from physical properties of the world . by contrast , these perceptuomotor capacities themselves must have played a crucial role in the form of a social species ' communication system . . . . certainly , specialized neuroanatomical signaling devices have often evolved , but they have typically done so by modifying pre-existing structures just enough for them to perform their new function without appreciable loss of their old . . . . language has evolved within the constraints of pre-existing perceptual and motor systems . we surrender much of our power to understand that evolution if we disregard the properties of those systems . """" and . . . """" if there is indeed a universal set of linguistic features that owes nothing to the nonlinguistic capacities of talkers and listeners , their biological origin must be due to some quantal evolutionary jump , a structure producing mutation . while modern biologists may look for favorably on evolutionary discontinuities that did darwin , we are not justified in accepting discontinuity until we have ruled continity out . this has not been done . on the contrary , the primacy of linguistic form has been a cardinal , untested assumption of modern phonology - - with the result that phonology is sustained in grand isolation from its surrounding disciplines . """" sherman wilcox dept . of linguistics university of new mexico
 "",0
 1102,""Subject: 6 . 136 language and species
  
  just a brief remark a propos of bemji wald 's comment on chomsky 's comment on whether apes can be shown to command ' reflexivization ' ; in particular the question of whether recognizing your image in a mirror as 's elf ' would be a sign of that ability . if it 's of interest , cats have a very peculiar relationship with mirrors . in my experience , most cats do not recognize images in mirrors , or tv , etc . as three-dimensional at all , and simply disregard them . but there are smart cats who do recogtnize their own images as cats in mirrors : but almost invariably as ' non-self ' . the typical reaction of a cat seeing itself in a mirror , if it 's a ' recognizer ' , is to bristle and hiss and go into defense-mode , or sometimes attack-mode . this of course raises what i like to call the dr doolittle problem : since we can't talk to animals we have to anthropomorphise and try to guess by analogy what they might be doing , but have no sense of what it feels like to be doing whatever . but in any case reflexivity is a bad example , because in general most animals do not have , in nature , any opportunity to see themselves ; animals that do confront mirror - like objects a lot ( say surface predators that hunt under water like herons , some cats , raccoons ) probably must deliberately as it were disregard the image they see , because they have to concentrate on refraction and what 's below the surface . roger lass department of linguistics university of cape town
 "",0
 1103,""Subject: lg & species
  
  the language & species discussion has not recurred this week , but i had already prepared the following , which i think would be of general enough interest to the recurrent misunderstandings about innateness and human language to publish on the list . since my last posting on the language & species discussion i have received some interesting comments and checked on the reference that i had in mind ( since i own a copy ) . the reference is a volume called """" speaking of apes : a critical anthology of two - way communication with man """" . eds . t . a . sebeok & jean umiker - sebeok . ny : plenum press , 1980 . in it is chomsky 's article : """" human language and other semiotic systems . """" pp . 429-40 . chomsky 's article is pretty much as i remembered it , but with a great many other observations on the nature of human language , characteristic of his concept of human language , which contrast / s with what the animal psychologists of the time had taught apes ( and perhaps even thought of teaching them ) , e . g . , potentially infinite embedding of phrases within other phrases . beyond that , he challenges the notion that human language is ( merely / primarily ) a system for ( social ) communication , which serves his notion of the inappropriateness of comparing human language with animal systems of communication for drawing conclusions about the evolution of human language ( and may also imply that it is a strictly human device for interpreting external stimuli and """" thinking """" ) . incidentally , my rereading of the article changed my earlier impression that chomsky lacked """" grace """" in not explicitly acknowledging the accomplishments and discoveries of animal psychologists , to a perception that such explicitness would be irrelevant and distracting to the points he wanted to make . of course he could n't help activating involuntary visceral hostility in some researchers when he accused them of lack of logic in their arguments , but that is another matter . most interesting was his final position that regardless of what apes may prove capable of learning , he saw evidence for a qualitative distinction between the human and ape natural intellectual endowment in the fact that humans acquire most ( syntactic ) properties of language without ( even the possibility of ) explicit teaching , while apes obviously do not , despite the """" evolutionary advantages """" ( c 's phrase ) that it would bestow on them . i particularly liked the last sentence of the following passage : """" now it is difficult to imagine that children learning english receive specific instruction about these matters , or even that they are provided with relevant experience . in fact , we find that while children make many errors in language learning , they never make such mistakes as these : they never assume , until corrected , that """" the candidates wanted me to vote for each other """" means that each candidate wanted me to vote for the other . in fact , relevant experience is never presented for most speakers of english , * just as no pedagogic grammar would ever point out these facts . * """" p . 432 to tell the truth , i do n't get the error in the example ( maybe because i ' ve never been corrected ? ) , but i get the point . it 's the point about anaphoric reference that i mentioned in the last posting ( though i think the passage is trying to rely on some point about syntactic embedding of anaphora of the type common at the time among generativists , cf . the parallel reflexive """" the candidate wanted me to vote for ? him - / herself [ unstressed ] """" ) . in any case , one might argue ( i would not ) that there is an anthropocentric bias inherent in chomsky 's perspective on the """" evolutionary advantage """" of human language - - i would suppose stemming from what i think is the evolutionary tenet that whatever promotes indefinite increase of the population of a species is an evolutionary advantage , since that is supposed to maximise the chance that at least some of the members of the species will survive to continue the reproduction of the species . i guess an objection might be that in some sense apes """" know """" something that we do n't know that makes them shy away from retaining or developing something like human language , e . g . , that the technological advances allowed by human social organization and motivation facilitated by language will eventually lead to our extinction , a notion that would probably have evoked more rhetorical sympathy in the mid 1980s when fear of nuclear holocaust peaked ( or more persistently but less clearly the malthusian notion that uncontrolled human population increase puts dangerous pressure on the ecological support system ) . i doubt such an objection has any chance of being taken seriously ( in the form just given at least ) by the scientific spirit . imagine the unimaginable that some human society ( any human society ) came to this conclusion and rejected human language as ultimately threatening to the species . even so , i would guess that the innateness hypothesis would predict that humans would still not be able to """" help """" learning and manifesting language ( manifesting - - ) learning by future generations ) , and if that would contribute to eventual extinction , too bad . nothing in evolutionary theory prevents """" defective """" aberrations from arising . the species with them would simply arise and then disappear ( relatively quickly ? ) . however , i ' m sure humans are constitutionally incapable of seeing the human language faculty as such an injurious aberration - - i can't . at worst i can only see it as a possible means of salvation from the jeopardy that some of our more sinister instincts may have placed us in . forgive me for even inventing what i consider an idle and repulsive speculation - - but i think it throws in relief what might be inferred in assessing chomsky 's ultimate argument as i understand it . the simple summation of chomsky 's argument is : if apes are capable of learning """" human """" language , why do n't they ( do it naturally - - like people do ) ? probably more interesting and arguable to the list discussion is chomsky 's point of distinguishing """" human language """" and """" language """" . chomsky sees human language as a subject for scientific inquiry with properties which are quite specific , including the syntactic properties of reference , embedding , etc . that we are all familiar with as current linguists . in contrast , my understanding of the article is that he sees """" language """" as a non-scientific concept , something vague and not even promising as a potential scientific field of inquiry . in this vein , he concedes that apes and many other animals may - - in fact , he does not doubt - - make use of symbolic systems ( semiotic systems ) apparently comparable in principle to the lexical component of language in some way , though less extensive , and , if i understand , less discrete ( in the linguistic sense of """" discrete """" ) . and he supposes that such symbolic systems in other animals may be related to shared intellectual capacities of humans and these other animals , but that with humans they interact with distinctive linguistic capacities ( among the latter i suppose the way lexicon fills in more abstract linguistic categories in grammatical derivations ) . in an illustrative passage ( p . 437 ) he objects to the gardners ' characterisation of teaching apes to use ameslan lexical signs as teaching them ameslan as a ( human ) language . by the way , he considers acquisition of the sign for """" and """" as trivial , with respect to comparison with human language . i do n't suppose that that is meant to detract from recognition of the apes ' ability to grasp this """" logical operation """" ( by human definition ) - - but that such recognition is irrelevant to an appreciation of what is distinctive about human language ( well , at least we now know that the """" logical """" concept """" and """" is not distinctive to humans - - the concept """" plural """" , then , probably is n't either - - more problematic is the concept """" dual """" as far as i know - - have apes been taught to count ? hey ! last time i looked i had three identical rubber ducks , now i only have two ! ) . in sum , then , chomsky has a very specific and single-minded notion of human language which allows him to immediately """" see through """" claims about animal manifestations of """" language """" , just as it had earlier allowed him to criticise ( and condemn ) skinner 's notions about the """" nature """" of human language . i think the usual difficulty in seeing his point is not so much in the persistence of linguistic debate about whether and to what extent """" autonomous syntax """" is a valid notion ( let 's not get into that here ) , but in the intuitive notion among linguists , as well as everybody else , that lexicon is a major """" part """" of """" human language """" . it is certainly not the part that chomsky associates with the distinctive innate human faculty of language . rather , the innate faculty is somewhere in the systems which organise combinations of signs , that """" somewhere """" being crucial to whether or not there is an evolutionary discontinuity between human language and animal potentials for """" language """" . of course , another source of resistance to the idea of an innate human language faculty is a generalised sneaking suspicion that anything that proposes to set humans apart from other animals in a fundamental way is self-deluding anthropocentric self - aggrandising propaganda , cf . the discredited ( i think ) argument against the heliocentric theory of the solar system that humans are the """" center """" of creation and therefore their location must be at the pivot of the material universe . while sneaking suspicions are certainly appropriate issues to bring up for something as informal as the ling . list discussion , it is not clear to me how it fits in to more formal scientific argument . misguided as a source of resistance would be the idea floated in the kant / innate discussion that a theory that something is """" innate """" is a killer to further attempts at """" explanation """" . the killer to explanation is the """" just """" in """" that 's just the way things are """" . on the contrary , take out the """" just """" and there would be nothing to explain if there were no """" that 's the way things are """" . if we get confused about this , it 's because , as scientists we don ' t know how things are , and our """" explanations """" are hypotheses to test if things are the way we think they are . i forgot what the context of kant 's discussion of """" explanation """" was , but in the context of """" pure """" reason it would have to be the """" just """" . in """" practical """" reason i suppose whatever aids remembering the """" facts """" is sufficient """" explanation """" . finally , a message from massimo piattelli - palmarini , director of the dept of cognitive science at the istituto san raffaele in milan , alerted me that among the discussion of comparisons between human and ape cognition relevant to language capacity , """" the truly definitive piece is by mark seidenberg and laura petitto in cognition , vol 7 , 1979 , pp . 177-215 . """" although this article was published before the volume i referred to above , it was too recent for most of the papers published in that volume to fully discuss , so that there are only glancing references to it in some of the papers . i still have n't read it yet , not that i ' ve even read most of the articles in the sebeok volume . incidentally , massimo reminded me that apes were indeed found to be able to recognise their reflections in mirrors , monkeys not ( and i think i read that in roger fout 's popular book about teaching apes to communicate with humans which came out in the late 70s ) . from what i gather , animal psychologists etc . are not ( or no longer ) hostile to the idea of a discontinuity between human language and what animals are capable of , but remain ( why not ? ) interested in discovering of what animals are capable of , and what that might suggest about human evolution . benji
 "",0
 1104,""Subject: job posting
  
  linguistics department - simon fraser university . applications are being accepted for a tenure-track position at the rank of assistant or associate professor , for appointment commencing september 1 , 1995 , subject to final approval of funding . the successful candidate will be expected to assume a leadership role the university 's new language centre , which is being developed to promote innovative approaches to language learning in the university , especially through developing facilities employing new instructional technologies , and to foster ongoing research into second language acquisition at the university level . candidates should hold a ph . d . in an area relevant to second language acquisition and maintain an active research program in a related area , as well as have significant experience in second language teaching . a specific background in a major asian language is desirable but not essential . applicants should be thoroughly familiar with recent developments in technologically-assisted language learning , and be prepared to direct the development and implementation of learner-centered systems . send a letter of application , curriculum vitae , and sample publications by march 16 , 1995 to : dr . t . perry , chair linguistics department simon fraser university burnaby , b . c . v5a 1s6 canada phone : ( 604 ) 291-3554 , fax : ( 604 ) 291-5659 e - mail : perry @ sfu . ca candidates should arrange for three letters of recommendation to be sent to the department by the deadline . in accordance with canadian immigration requirements , this advertisement is directed to canadian citizens and permanent residents . sfu is committed to the principle of employment equity , and offers equal employment opportunities to qualified applicants ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tom perry , chair linguistics department simon fraser university burnaby , b . c . v5a 1s6 canada telephone : ( 604 ) 291-3554 ( 604 ) 291-4585 fax : ( 604 ) 291-5659 e-mail : perry @ sfu . ca ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",0
 1105,""Subject: efl positions
  
  the following positions are available through the united states information agency : efl fellows english language teacher education program eastern / central europe , russia , ukraine who ? experienced efl / esl teacher trainers / educators and teachers of english for specific purposes , holding at least a master of arts degree in the field where ? albania , croatia , the czech republic , hungary , kazakhstan , latvia , lithuania , macedonia , poland , romania , russia , slovakia , slovenia , ukraine when ? late august , 1995 through late july , 1996 what ? efl fellows undertake a range of projects aimed at enhancing the quality of english language education throughout the region . some of their accomplishments since 1991 include : - organizing successful seminars to develop master teachers in slovenia ; - facilitating the organization of a nation-wide tesol affiliate in russia ; - organizing local teachers to develop efl materials for use in elementary and secondary school classrooms throughout latvia ; - sponsoring a variety of courses and lectures for in-service teachers at america house in kiev , ukraine , as featured on the front page of a major ukrainian daily ; - helping to develop and deliver model training programs for teachers in requalification programs in lithuania ; - assisting in the establishment of a nationwide assessment program for testing the language skills of teachers entering requalification programs in estonia . the efl fellow program is sponsored and administered by the u . s . information agency ( usia ) . for further details and application forms , write , fax , or e-mail the appropriate address below , or visit the usia booth in the employment clearinghouse at the tesol long beach conference center . for information concerning briefings on the efl fellow program at the convention , see the convention daily . the required interview may take place by appointment at usia in washington dc , through a prearranged teleconference with usia , or march 29 , 30 , 31 and the morning of april 1 at the employment clearinghouse at tesol . efl fellow program e-mail : fellows @ usia . gov applicant information fax : 202 / 401-1250 e / alp , room 304 phone : 202 / 401-6016 301 - 4th street , s . w . washington , dc 20547
 "",0
 1106,""Subject: references on non-human language
  
  content - length : 5739 there 's been a fair amount of discussion about language among non-humans , both publicly on linguist and privately with me , since my previous summa - ry in linguist 6-28 . i will shortly be posting a sort of update / summary of much of this discussion , including some comments of my own ; what fol - lows here is a list of some references that some people have mentioned . ( nb : i ' m merely reporting what others have passed on to me ; i ' m not neces - sarily familiar with these materials myself . i got most of these referen - ces from rachel lagunoff ( ihw1009 @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu ) , who is teaching a course on this subject at ucla , and george williams ( gww @ navisoft . com ) , to whom i hereby offer many thanks . ) barber , t . x . 1993 . the human nature of birds . new york : st . martin 's . bickerton , d . 1990 . language and species . chicago : university of chicago press . gardner , r . a . , & b . t . gardner . 1979 . ' teaching sign language to a chimpanzee ' science 165 : 664-672 . gardner , r . a . , b . t . gardner , & t . e . van cantfort , eds . 1989 . teach - ing sign language to chimpanzees . albany : suny press . herman , l . m . 1986 . ' cognition and language competencies of bottle - nosed dolphins ' r . j . schusterman , j . thomas , & f . g . wood , eds . , dolphin cognition and behavior : a comparative approach , pp . 221-252 . hillsdale , nj : erlbaum . herman , l . m . 1987 . ' receptive competencies of language - trained ani - mals ' advances in the study of behavior 17 : 1-60 . herman , l . m . , & a . a . pack . 1994 . ' animal intelligence : historical perspective and comparative approaches ' r . sternberg , ed . , the encyclo - pedia of intelligence . herman , l . m . , a . a . pack , & a . m . wood . 1994 . ' bottlenosed dolphins can generalize rules and develop abstract concepts ' herman , l . m . , a . a . pack , & morell - samuels . 1993 . ' representational and conceptual skills of dolphins ' in roitblatt et al . 1993 . herman , l . m . , richards , & wolz . 1984 . ' comprehension of sentences by bottlenosed dolphins ' cognition 16 : 128-219 . limber , j . 1977 . ' language in child and chimp ? ' american psychologist 32 : 280-295 ( reprinted in sebeok & umiker - sebeok 1980 : 197-218 ) . limber , j . 1978 . ' goodbye behaviorism ! ' behavioral and brain sciences 4 : 535-536 . limber , j . 1982 . ' what can chimps tell us about the origins of lan - guage ? ' s . kuczaj , ed . , language development , 2 : 429-446 . hillsdale , nj : erlbaum . luce , j . de , & h . t . wilder , eds . 1983 . language in primates . new york : springer . neisser , a . 1990 . ' apeing sign language ' the other side of silence , pp . 202-234 . washington : gallaudet university press . nelson , k . 1987 . ' what 's in a name ? reply to seidenberg and petitto ' journal of experimental psychology : general . 116 : 293-296 . patterson , f . g . 1978 . ' the gestures of a gorilla : language acquisition in another pongid ' brain and language 5 : 72-97 . patterson , f . , & e . linden . 1981 . the education of koko . new york : holt , rinehart & winston . peng , f . , ed . 1978 . sign language and language acquisition in man and ape . boulder : westview . pepperberg , i . m . 1993 . ' cognition and communication in an african grey parrot ( psittacus erithacus ) : studies on a nonhuman , nonprimate , nonmam - malian subject ' roitblatt et al . 1993 : 221-248 . pettito , l . a . , & m . s . seidenberg . 1979 . ' on the evidence for linguis - tic abilities in signing apes ' brain and language 8 : 162-183 . pinker , s . 1994 . the language instinct ( chapter 11 ) . new york : morrow . premack , d . , & a . j . premack . 1983 . the mind of an ape . new york : norton . roitblatt , h . l . , l . m . herman , & p . e . nachtigall , eds . 1993 . language and communcation : comparative perspectives . hillsdale , nj : erlbaum . savage - rumbaugh . 1987 . ' communication , symbolic communication , and lan - guage : reply to seidenberg and petitto ' journal of experimental psycholo - gy : general , 116 : 279-287 . savage - rumbaugh , s . , & r . lewin . 1994 . kanzi . new york : wiley . savage - rumbaugh , s . , k . mcdonald , r . a . sevick , w . d . hopkins , & e . rupert . 1986 . ' spontaneous symbol acquisition and communicative use by pygmy chimpanzees ( pan paniscus ) ' journal of experimental psychology : general , 115 : 211-235 . sebeok , t . , & j . umiker - sebeok , eds . 1980 . speaking of apes . new york : plenum . seidenberg , m . s . , & l . a . petitto . 1987 . ' communication , symbolic com - munication , and language : comment on savage - rumbaugh , mcdonald , sevick , hopkins , and rupert ( 1986 ) ' journal of experimental psychology : general , 116 : 279-287 . terrace , h . s . 1987 . nim . new york : columbia . terrace , h . s . , l . a . petitto , r . j . sanders , & t . g . bever . 1979 . ' can an ape create a sentence ? ' science 206 : 891-902 . thomas , e . m . 1993 . the hidden life of dogs . boston : houghton mifflin . wallman , j . 1992 . aping language . cambridge : cambridge university press . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dr . steven schaufele 712 west washington urbana , il 61801 217-344 - 8240 fcosws @ prairienet . org * * * * o syntagmata linguarum liberemini humanarum ! * * * * * * nihil vestris privari nisi obicibus potestis ! * * *
 "",0
 1107,""Subject: esl curriculum
  
  after 20 years as a research scientist , i am starting a new career in esl . i am interested in developing ( or adapting ) a specialized course for foreign medical trainees in american medical schools and hospitals . i ' m also interested in esp courses for students in the sciences . i presently teach """" english for international graduate teaching assistants """" which is a very practical course to enhance the teaching assistants ' effectiveness in the classrom / lab . i would appreciate anyone sharing course description , syllabus , texts used , comments . . . thanks , gfridland @ utmem1 . utmem . edu
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 1108,""Subject: palindromes
  
  hi you all out there ! i am a total fan ( atic ) of palindromes , such as """" a man , a plan , a canal - panama """" or """" in girum imus nocte et consumimur igni """" - expressions which read from behind result either in the same message or , even more interesting , in new , other , however meaningful message . i assume there are many palindromes i do not know yet , so i would just want to ask any one of you : if you know of one or more palindrome ( s ) in any language , please write them to me via linguist , i will then make the results accessible to everybody . also if you know of books and / or articles citing palindromes , please write me ! ! ! and here is my absolute favorite , the best i know : """" nie fragt sie : ist gefegt ? sie ist gar fein """" ( source unknown ) ( she never asks : has the sweeping been done ? she is very refined . ) i would be thankful to receive as many as possible palindromes , thank you ! and if it is not in german , english , french or italian , please also add an english translation . . . """" koop ik ' n ei , dan nadie ' n kip ook """" ( when i buy an egg , then also a chicken ) so long , i am looking forward to many messages ! """" madam , i ' m adam """" manfred immler
 "",0
 1109,""Subject: summer opportunities
  
  hey ! does anyone know of any linguistic-related summer opportunities out there for a college undergraduate ? i ' m interested in something like an anthropological linguistics ( linguistic anthropology , whatever your preference ) program , working on a research project , etc . any ideas ? thanks ! rachel a . lavin rlavin @ emory . edu
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 1110,""Subject: ipa , austerlitz
  
  i learned phonetics and phonetic field technique from robert austerlitz ( 1923-1994 ) . after reading joseph stemberger 's comments on ipa and democratizing the process of standarizing phonetic writing ( in linguist 6 . 185 ) , i thought about how austerlitz taught . austerlitz never asked us to memorize ipa or any other system . instead , he taught us several different systems of notation all at once . he expected us to be able to describe sounds by place of articulation , manner of articulation , and so on . we were expected to + know + ipa , of course , and he referred us to several different sources , each of which had a slightly different version of it . but there were no standard systems in his classroom . he was a remarkable teacher and made me a fieldworker . he used a number of symbols that are rarely seen anywhere else . one of his favorites was the cardinal vowel """" 61 """" , by which ( if i remember correctly ) he meant the high back unrounded vowel written """" turned m """" in ipa . this """" 61 """" was merely the letter """" uy """" from the cyrillic alphabet . in his field-technique classes , we were encouraged to make up new symbols to describe what we heard . i remember , during a session with a speaker from shanqhae , he expressed the greatest pleasure when joseph davis wrote the initial consonant of ' cooked rice ' with a digraph made up of a """" v """" with a lowercase """" f """" planted between its arms . this expressed graphically the unusual shanqhae sound that davis had described - it was clearly a labiodental fricative , but somehow sounded both voiced and voiceless at the same time . austerlitz first mentioned that """" they """" in the ipa would say that diacritics could be used to express this , then recounted chao 's claim that many chinese dialects have initial consonants that are in-between voiced and voiceless , and went on to discuss ways that he and others had thought of to write this . actually , though , the use of those ipa voiced / voiceless or breathy voicing diacritics might not be quite right . the """" voiced """" initials in shanqhae lower register words are neither contrastively voiced nor contrastively unvoiced ; the apparent """" breathy semi-voicing """" seems actually to be feature of the + tone + , not the initials . some speakers pronounce it with the initial , some before the initial , some afterwards , some all the way through the syllable , and some not at all . davis ' symbol was a good idea at the time , though , because it expressed this lack of contrast vividly . i have met quite a number of linguists who have complaints about ipa or about the variety of systems in use , but these people hardly ever seem to be fieldworkers . i do n't believe i know any two fieldworkers who use phonetic symbols quite the same way , and most of them do n't seem to care at all . everyone seems to have different preferences ; well , so what ? some people , for instance , can't abide to write the """" h """" for aspiration + above + the line , and write it seemingly as a full segment . others leave the """" h """" out altogether , saying that ( in english , for instance ) it need not be written explicitly . the chinese tend to write aspiration with the reversed apostrophe of greek , probably continuing the tradition of older systems of romanization . the chinese , in fact , have a whole class of vowels - frictionless sibilants - that have n't made their way into ipa , as well as a special set of alveolo-palatal consonants . are these really necessary ? maybe not , but the chinese are not going to give them up ; be sure of that . for my part , i dislike plain schwa - i prefer to use the four schwa-area vowels ( close-mid and open-mid , rounded and unrounded ) that ipa now recognizes , and even before they became official i was using some of their current symbols , although i sometimes used special diacritics with schwa , too . these vowels are important in some of the areas where i work , in rural fwujiann . but every chinese dialectologist i know uses schwa like mad , and for a number of vowels that i consider quite distinct . we understand each other , though . fieldworkers are basically explorers . for the most part we do not go into the field to codify the known , but search for the unknown . we play with our symbols , try different ways of writing things , develop habits of transcription that are as distinctive as handwriting and reflect different ways of interpreting sounds . it is natural in these circumstances that different standards should take shape . fieldwork is an adventure , and transcriptional practice reflects that . i can't imagine why anyone thinks we need a single , """" democratically devised """" standard . ipa of some sort is good enough for most people who actually use it , and if someone does n't like it , he or she will borrow from some other tradition - american , perhaps - or invent another . if i want to look at that person 's notes , i will just learn the system - it might take as long as 10 minutes - and that will be that . where is the problem ? why should i trade my freedom of transcriptional expression for a rigid code ? why would that benefit me ? no , the """" chaos of multiple standards """" that stemberger mentions does n't bother me at all . there + are + two things that do bother me , though . one is the frequent changes in ipa that have been bandied about recently . when the kiel version of ipa was first promulgated , i was aghast at the large number of weird-looking symbols . then came the revision of kiel , and things were different again . i do n't mind adjustments , as long as they are introduced very gradually . like the agreement a couple of years ago that + either + way of writing """" g """" was acceptable - that only took a few decades to get straight . the idea that lots of changes have to be introduced and introduced right away frightens me a little . that is n't to say i do n't enjoy hearing the different proposals people advocate , but i will probably still stick to my own transcriptional habits , even so . the other thing that bothers me is the mob of systematizers , standardizers , formalists , and unificationists who seem to pop up everywhere in linguistics like dandelions by the side of the road . to my mind , formal systematization is the enemy of good fieldwork . and if a democratic vote + is + ever taken on the subject of phonetic alphabets , i hereby move that it be restricted to people who do a + minimum of 100 hours of fieldwork or acoustic measurement + every year for their own , fresh research . as for the rest of you - you are welcome to listen , enjoy the show , but please do n't try to tell me my business . david prager branner , yuen ren society asian l&l , do-21 , university of washington seattle , wa 98195 ( charmii @ u . washington . edu )
 "",0
 1111,""Subject: re : 6 . 185 ipa
  
  i agree with stemberger : it is embarrassing to stand up in front of an intro class and tell them that the most objective end of our discipline lacks a single coding system . and while we ' re at it , why do n't we start spelling ' fonetics ' like it sounds . bob wachal
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 1112,""Subject: the """" hacek """"
  
  """" hacek """" is the diminutive of the czech word """" hak """" , meaning hook . if i ' m not mistaken , a lot of czechs attribute the innovation to the religious and linguistic reformer jan hus ( 1369 ? - 1415 ) . my sources , however , have him introducing a dot over the letters to indicate palatalization rather than a hacek . one of my czech pedagogical grammars claims haceks were appearing in czech manuscripts in the late 13th century , while another explains that the language 's diacritical conventions stabilized around the end of the 16th century , and that publications of the church of the czech brethren used haceks rather than hus 's dots . any of those who introduced the hacek could , in my uneducated opinion , have seen haceks in hebrew manuscripts like those described in alice faber 's recent posting , but we do n't know that . by the way , i ' ve recently seen haceks used in phonological renderings of swiss german in journals from berne dating around 1920 ( """" beitraege zur schweizerdeutschen grammatik """" ) . last year i also saw in the czech press one or two essays by czech jounalists stationed overseas who complained about the peculiarity of haceks ( e . g . , they ' re not found on most international typewriter keyboards ) and how it would make their lives easier if the czechs would adopt some more """" ordinary """" way of rendering the sounds in question . i very much doubt , however , that their opinion is much shared by their colleagues and compatriots . james kirchner
 "",0
 1113,""Subject: ipa
  
  i have been enjoying the discussion about how nice it would be to """" end the chaos of multiple standards """" and go to a single system recommended by the lsa - - either ipa or some cooperatively designed one . but i think it might be impossible to achieve concensus : there is not only the old """" americanist """" vs . ipa debate , but also at least two more - - one is the issue of whether to break away from or continue to use the systems that have developed over time and become standard for linguistic work in particular language families ; and the other is the disparity between linguistic writing and the official or practical writing systems accepted in language communities - - the latter often being linguistically adequate and sometimes preferred by linguists so that the speakers can have better access to the information being recorded and published by the linguist . i suppose these considerations need not keep us from attempting to come to a consensus that might encourage introductory texts in linguistics to use a particular system ; but students will still be forced to develop knowledge of multiple writing systems as soon as they start reading articles rather than textbooks . as for me , i have come to enjoy the diversity of writing systems almost as much as i enjoy the diversity of languages . ( < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < ) > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > leanne hinton dept . of linguistics university of california berkeley , ca 94720 email : hinton @ violet . berkeley . edu fax : ( 510 ) 643-5688 phone : ( 510 ) 643-7621 ( < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < ) > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >
 "",0
 1114,""Subject: re : 6 . 185 ipa
  
  i am of the opinion that the arabic linguistic society of america should also be part of this discussion ( that is , if democracy is to prevail ) . it is a growi growing organization with an impressive membership list and publications . aleya rouchdy
 "",0
 1115,""Subject: policies
  
  moderators ' message a very happy 1995 to all our subscribers ! as you can see , linguist is back on line - - on the 8th , not the 5th as we had hoped , but we are now up and running at our new address . remember : those of you who post to linguist @ tamvm1 . tamu . edu can continue to use that address . but those of you who used to post to linguist @ tamsun . tamu . edu must change either to the . . . tamvm1 address or to linguist @ tam2000 . tamu . edu the latter is our new editorial address . the . . . tamsun address is now worse than useless : the machine itself has been taken off line by texas a&m , so any messages sent there will simply disappear into an internet black hole . they will not be forwarded to us . the new year 's issues start with this issue : 6 . 1 . however , the listserv swallowed some of the issues we posted on dec . 20 and is just now sending them out . so you probably received some issues of volume 5 ( 1994 ) only today . this is not what we intended - - indeed , we worked hard to clear the mailer and post all the messages we had received before we shut down on dec 21 . we realize that some of them had deadlines . however , listserv malfunctions are simply not within our control . the texas a&m sysop took a long ( well-deserved ) ( and , we hope , energizing ) christmas vacation . and , until his return , the listserv would not free the issues we had posted . and that , by a lightening transition , brings us to a few remarks on maintaining free discussion on linguist . as linguist grows , it becomes potentially more powerful - - some might say """" threatening """" - - by virtue of its role as an information source . it 's natural that controversial policies and postings should generate concern ; and last year we received a number of complaints , protests , and editorial suggestions . we tried to respond to every message individually ; but we 'd also like to publicly explain our policies and our current thinking about some of the issues that arose . if any of you care to respond , we can continue this discusson on linguist . * we received several requests that we check the accuracy of controversial claims and allegations before we post them . however reasonable this sounds , unfortunately it simply is n't possible . linguist processes 50-70 messages a day ; last year we assembled and posted 1600 issues ( as those of you with overfull mailboxes know ! ) ; and we get over 1000 database requests a week , about 1 / 4 of which require some kind of administrative interchange . we ask our 3 student editors to check messages for civility ( more on this below ) ; but they do n't have time to check anything which is not immediately before them on the screen . so there is no way that we can strive for the standards of accuracy of paper journals . and , of course , we aren ' t a journal ; we ' re a discussion list . the only effective check on the accuracy of any posting is the discussion itself . so the moral is : - - read with a little scepticism - - and , if you see an inaccuracy , post a correction * the preceding applies , of course , to _ professional _ content in postings ; we can't be responsible for the accuracy of anyone 's claims about the number of words for """" snow . """" nor - - and this is the problematic area - - can we check claims about anyone 's or any institution 's decisions , opinions , or conduct . we will make every effort to ensure that any such posting has professional relevance , is temperate in phrasing , and ( if at all possible ) does not mention names . we also try not to publicize controversies having only personal relevance , since we do n't want linguist to become simply a forum for private grievances . but more than that we can't do . * about more widespread grievances : we have gotten many protests about cutting off discussions that criticize specific schools of linguistics . our problem with some of these has been that the criticisms were anecdotal , ( sometimes ) devoid of academic content , and sounded personally aggrieved ( see above ) . also , adherents of the schools under attack were telling us they no longer felt welcome on the list . so - - not wanting linguist to become a grievance forum or a cause of unnecessary divisiveness in the discipline - - we cut off the discussions . but we admit that there are good arguments on the side of free speech . so we have decided at least not to cut off discussions abruptly . instead , we will warn """" next - to-last posting on x """" before we send out a """" last posting """" message . and we will post any responses on x received in the interim . also , we 'd like to reiterate that any discussion that could compare schools or theories and stick to the academic issues would be very welcome . we are not committed to protecting any school from _ scholarly _ criticism ; and , in fact , we would tell any protestors that this is a discussion list , and if they feel attacked they must defend themselves through discussion . * about civility : we never intended to become a kind of electronic miss manners , and , frankly , it often feels like a very strange role for your uncouth moderators . however , we ' re committed to keeping postings civil in tone because ( 1 ) more than one academic list has ( literally ) gone down in flames - - i . e . , the list has disbanded because the discussions got too personal and heated ; and ( 2 ) , as much as possible , we 'd like everyone - - not just the brave or foolhardy - - to feel comfortable entering a linguist discussion . so we do occasionally return postings with a request that the writer revise toward a less-inflammatory tone . ( we realize , of course , that what is / is not inflammatory is a judgment call ; and our judgment may be wrong . ) however , we have returned very few postings ; and - - interestingly - - we have never received anything but cooperation from the writers . * * * * * * so - - as we ' ve said before - - we think linguist subscribers , all 5700 of you , are a remarkably reasonable , tolerant , and generous set of people . if you have comments or suggestions about the editorial policies we ' ve sketched out above , we would like to hear them . have a very happy new year ! - helen & anthony
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 1116,""Subject: optimal artificial languages ( humour )
  
  there has been a bit ( wee ) of discussion on this on sci . lang and , well , i could not resist the temptation . here is my contribution to the topic : > from jbm @ newsserver . trl . oz . au ( jacques guy ) date 27 jan 1995 15 : 29 : 06 + 1100 newsgroups sci . lang subject re : optimal artificial languages language being for communication ( not necessarily of truths , mark my words ) , an optimal artificial language should be designed so that its messages survive unscathed through the worst static . ergo , we want * maximal phonetic differentiation * ( tm ) of the vowels , we pick those maximally distant : a , i , u . of the consonants , ditto : a dental , a labial , a velar . having picked the most differentiated points of articulation we must also pick the most deifferentiated manners thereof . fricative , nasal , stop should do nicely . and let us use voicing to help along . that leaves us with * three maximally distant consonants * , which are : m , z , k . so far , so good . but we can do better still . let each consonant be associated with one , and only one , vowel , so that , if either consonant or vowel manages to get mangled in the transmission , you can restitute one from the other . naturally , we would match vowels and consonants to ensure least articulatory effort , lest speakers , tired by too much tongue and lip shifting , start slurring their words . there are n't two ways about it : i goes with z , u with m , a with k . so there we have it , the perfect language for noise-free communication . it 's cv , no consonant clusters , no diphthongs , and each syllable starts with exactly one consonant and has only one vowel . if the consonant is z the vowel is i , and so on ( how lazy can one get ! the list of possibilities is short indeed , yet i wrote """" and so on """" ) . ergo , it has only three possible syllables : zi , ka , mu , thereby being some 130 times easier than chinese ( with its 400 + possible syllables ) . and consider this sample vocabulary ( i leave the meanings to your imagination ) : zizi kaka mumu zizimu kakamu infants will learn it easily ! consider all its advantages : your children will speak fluently before they are two ! one of the first , because shortest , words they will learn will be . . . . . muzika ! thus ensuring the earliest possible development of their musical aptitude ! promote zikamu ( tm ) , the international language of to-morrow ! nb it has come to our attention that a renegade splinter group of the original zikamu ( tm ) movement is peddling a pale imitation of zikamu ( tm ) under the plagiarized name """" kazimu """" . do not be deceived ! the study and practice of their inferior product may cause brain damage ! insist on learning the one and only zikamu ( tm ) . join the official , approved zikamu foundation ( tm ) to day ! ( il y en a des qui vont encore se demander si c ' est du lard ou du cochon . c ' est du lard , bonnes gens , c ' est du lard ! )
 "",0
 1117,""Subject: sycophants : fig """" show-ers """" ?
  
  i do n't do much etymology , but : several readers have claimed that _ sicophant _ is derived from the greek words for ' fig ' ( sikos ) and 's how ' ( phaino : ) . the first part is surely correct , but the second seems problematic , since the relevant participle forms of _ phaino : _ would be present _ phainont - _ and aorist _ phanont - _ . without a greek grammar or dictionary at hand , i would suggest rather that we look at the athematic greek verb _ phe : mi _ ( doric _ pha : mi ) 's peak ' , which does have a participle _ phant - _ . so maybe the sicophant is the ' fig-talker ' rather than the ' fig-shower ' . the semantic connection , of course , would be that his words were sweet to the ear ; and certainly sicophants do more sweet-talking than fig-showing . what do you think ? has this etymology been proposed ? and if it has been proposed and rejected , why ? leo a . connolly foreign languages & literatures university of memphis connolly @ msuvax . memphis . edu formerly """" memphis state university """"
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 1118,""Subject: re : 6 . 146 sum : sycophant and sign of the fig
  
  a footnote to the fascinating sycophant summary : when i was a kid in high school in the paris area our french lit . teacher told us that in rabelais ' works ( either gargantua or pantagruel ) , rabelais called the catholics """" papistes """" , and the protestants """" ceux qui font la figue au pape """" . she said this was """" un geste tres malhonnete """" , but of course did not demonstrate it , and neither did any of the kids around me . thank you for finally enlightening me . willem j . de reuse department of anthropology university of arizona
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 1119,""Subject: """" sycophant """" , more .
  
  subsequent to my recent posting about the origin of the word """" sycophant """" i received two comments which add interesting insights . i am forwarding them for your information . richard blucher > from dave wharton ( whartond @ iris . uncg . edu ) liddel & scott 's _ greek - english lexicon _ shows the word sykophanths in common usage not before the middle of the 5th century b . c . no ancient uses show any relation of the word to the """" sign of the fig . """" here 's the political context of its use in the 5th century and later , from the oxford classical dictionary : """" athens had no public prosecutors in the modern sense . solon permitted citizens to prosecute any wrongdoers . inducements were offered to volunteers in certain cases by granting them a liberal share of fines and moneys recovered from the treasury . the system worked : there was no lack of prosecutors . but c . 450 b . c . abuses appeared . men began to make a profession of prosecutions for personal , political , and financial reasons . these were called sycophants . in spite of constant references by aristophanes and the orators , there survives no legal definition of a sycophant . . . . the most dangerous type of sycophant was the blackmailer who extorted money so that the guilty escaped punishment and the innocent paid blackmail . . . """" * * * * * > from zqv6656 @ acfcluster . nyu . edu a belated comment on your query on """" the sign of the fig """" . in my homeland , i . e . istria which an adriatic peninsula in the northwestern part of croatia ( former yugoslavia ) we use this sign in two ( related ? ) meanings . the first one is the one mentioned by many other people who responded to you , i . e . the sign of defiance and strong rejection . it does not have any sexual or indecent connotation . its second use is as a good luck sing ( much as crossed fingers in america ) , but then it is done on both hands for either yourself or somebody else ( maybe in defiance to """" bad luck """" , """" devil """" , etc . ) zvjezdana vrzic * * * * *
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 1120,""Subject: endangered languages
  
  january and early february have brought a bonanza in relation to endangered languages . first a series of seminars on the subject organized at mit by jonathan bobalijk and rob pensalfini , then , the weekend of feb . 3 - 5 , a conference held at dartmouth college in new hampshire with a side feature of a classic new england blizzard - - a """" nor ' easter """" , the first of this winter 's season for us locals . these have helped lead to a very illuminating discussion of the whole concept of """" endangered languages """" on the endangered languages forum : those interested can write majordomo @ coombs . anu . edu . au and send the message : subscribe endangered-languages - l your e-mail address happy winter ! yours , karl
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 1121,""Subject: endangered language info wanted
  
  linguist listers ! if you 'd like to share your expert knowledge on the subject of sustaining endangered languages , please contact : - - - - - - - - tracy hanes school of journalism and communication carleton university email address : thanes @ chat . carleton . ca - - - - - - - - - . . . who is now writing an article on that subject .
 "",0
 1122,""Subject: international sign linguistics association
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - international sign linguistics association ( isla ) - - - - - membership and subscription * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the international sign linguistics association was founded in 1986 . the aim of the organisation is to encourage and facilitate sign language research throughout the world and to develop international co-operation in the field of sign language studies . linguistic analysis of human sign languages began in earnest in the late 1950s and 1960s . since then it has developed considerably to the extent that original research is now being carried out in a wide range of countries . sign language research has a lot to tell us about the nature of human languages : it may well provide crucial insights into the nature and type of language universals , the processes of language acquisition , the influence of medium on structure and many other topics . sign linguistics is also directly relevant to those within """" mainstream """" linguistics . those involved in the field of sign linguistics research have benefited considerably through the mutual support and interest of colleagues elsewhere . isla encourages the sharing of ideas , information and research findings . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the international sign linguistics association invites you to become a new member in 1995 . to ensure that you receive all of isla 's publications and correspondence on time this year , please act now and send your subscription request to the address at the end of this announcement . to help us in processing your payment , please be sure to return the form at the end of this message with your remittance . in 1995 , your isla membership will bring you : * a subscription to signpost , the friendly face of sign linguistics , isla 's provocative and stimulating quarterly periodical . * a subscription to the international review of sign linguistics , new for 1995 and bursting with theory , analysis and insight , the year 's essential reading at the cutting edge of the discipline , published by isla in conjunction with lawrence erlbaum associates . * reduced prices on isla publications including conference and workshop proceedings to keep you up to date with all that 's new in the field . * the right to propose papers for presentation at isla congresses and symposia * plus all the benefits of the latest invormation and contacts from the isla network of researchers , teachers and policymakers . membership and subscription form please tick as appropriate , and write in capitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = . . . ( ) individual membership : europe = a340 = 09 non - europe = a345 ( ) institutional membership : = a370 ( ) full - time student membership * : = a325 ( ) i also wish to make a contribution of = a3 towards scholars applying for """" special case """" reduced rates . ( ) i enclose a cheque ( drawn on a u . k . bank ) ( ) i enclose a cheque ( drawn on an international bank adding = a315 to cover bank charges ) ( ) please charge = a3 _ _ _ _ _ _ to my access , visa or mastercard account . name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postal code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiry date : _ _ _ / 1995 signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : 1995 / _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * if you are applying for the new """" full - time student member """" rate , you will need to provide details of your course of study and a letter from your head of department confirming that you will be a full-time student throughout 1995 . isla has limited means for supporting subscribers : however , if you wish to make a claim for special case status , you can write to isla and ask to be considered for a discretionary reduced subscription rate . please remember to sign and date your cheque .
 "",0
 1123,""Subject: idioms
  
  content - length : 99 please send """" appalachian idioms """" info to this address . thanks ! curtis matthews acm4002 @ tntech . edu
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 1124,""Subject: wrong lctl gopher path
  
  last week , i announced the less commonly taught languages project gopher , which presents all us and canadian colleges and universities that teach lctls . the path i gave to get to the gopher was wrong . i left off one crucial step . the correct path is below . i apologize to all of you who have tried and failed to make the connection . please try us again . ( also apologize for cluttering your e-mail boxes and for cross-posting this to as many language lists as i know of . ) | + - - ) university of minnesota | + - - ) university of minnesota campus information ( < < < = = = = | + - - ) all the university of minnesota gopher servers | + - - - ) center for advanced research on language acquisition or url gopher : / / lctl . acad . umn . edu louis janus less commonly taught languages project center for advanced research on language acquisition university of minnesota utec - - 1313 5th street se , suite 111 minneapolis , mn 55414 612 / 627-1872 ( voice ) 612 / 627-1875 ( fax ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - janus005 @ maroon . tc . umn . edu or lctl @ maroon . tc . umn . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",0
 1125,""Subject: www servers
  
  you might be interested in adding the following to the list of linguistics - www servers at universities : the ( a href = """" http : / / www . essex . ac . uk / linguistics / """" ) department of language and linguistics , university of essex ( / a ) information about ( a href = """" http : / / www . essex . ac . uk / linguistics / lfg / lfg . html """" ) lexical functional grammar ( lfg ) ( / a ) . the ( a href = """" http : / / www . essex . ac . uk / linguistics / lagb . html """" ) linguistics association of great britain ( / a ) best wishes , doug arnold
 "",0
 1126,""Subject: developments in discourse analysis ( gls 1995 )
  
  * * * * * * * * * * the georgetown linguistics society presents gls 1995 : developments in discourse analysis february 17-19 , 1995 georgetown university , washington d . c . * * * * * * * * * * * * registration schedule * * friday 11 : 00 a . m . - 5 : 45 p . m . intercultural center ( icc ) galleria . saturday 8 : 30 a . m . - 7 : 30 p . m . icc auditorium main entrance sunday 8 : 30 a . m . - 6 : 00 p . m . icc auditorium main entrance * * event locations * * sessions : intercultural center . rooms will be posted at registration . plenary sessions : intercultural center auditorium . reception : intercultural center galleria . * * conference schedule * * * friday , february 17 * 11 : 00 a . m . registration begins in the intercultural center galleria 2 : 00 - 3 : 30 colloquium : developments in signed language discourse part i ( coordinator : melanie metzger ) * ruth morgan the interplay of place and space in a namibian sign language narrative * kathleen wood negotiating literate identities : life stories of deaf students * susan m . mather adult - deaf toddler discourse will the real author please stand up ? : exploiting the speech of others * richard buttny talking race on campus : reported speech in accounts of race relations at a university campus * akira satoh reported speech in english and japanese : a comparative analysis * joyce tolliver evidentiality and accountability in literary narrative folk , interlocutor , and analytical frameworks * hanny feurer a place for folk linguistics in discourse analysis ? greetings in tibeto - burman languages * christianna i . white similarity and distinctiveness : a vantage analysis of plato 's gorgias * martin warren how do conversations begin and end ? 3 : 45 - 5 : 15 colloquium : developments in signed language discourse part ii ( coordinator : melanie metzger ) * tina m . neumann figurative language in an american sign language poem : personification and prosopopoeia * scott liddell and melanie metzger spatial mapping in an asl narrative : examining the use of multiple surrogate spaces * elizabeth a . winston spatial mapping in comparative discourse frames in american sign language political , intellectual , institutional identities * anna de fina pronominal choice , identity and solidarity in political discourse * charlotte linde other people 's stories : third person narrative in individual and group identity * karen tracy the identity work of questioning in intellectual discussion prior discourses and the structure of classroom interaction * mary buchinger bodwell """" now what does that mean , ' first draft ' ? """" : adult literacy classes and alternative models of editing a text * deborah poole the effects of text on talk in a class-room literacy event * myriam torres why teachers do not engage in co-construction of knowledge : a critical discourse analysis 5 : 30 - 6 : 30 roger shuy getting people to admit their guilt : a case study 6 : 45 - 7 : 45 deborah schiffrin narrative as self - portrait 8 : 00 - 11 : 00 reception , intercultural center galleria * saturday , february 18 * 9 : 30 - 10 : 30 heidi hamilton the aging of a poet : intertextuality and the co - construction of identities in the oppen family letter exchange 10 : 45 - 12 : 45 colloquium : developments in conversation analysis : oh , what , or , pardon ( coordinator : maria egbert ) * paul drew ' what ' ? : a sequential basis for an ' open ' form of repair initiation in conversation ( and some implications for cognitive approaches to interaction ) * maria egbert the relevance of interactants ' eye gaze to the organization of other-initiated repair : the case of german ' bitte ? ' ( ' pardon ? ' ) * anna lindstrom ' or ' - constructed inquiries as a resource for probing the relevance of prior talk in swedish conversation * john heritage ' oh ' - prefaced responses to inquiry privileged views in media discourse * gertraud benke news about news : textual features of news agency copies and their usage in the newsproduction * debra graham racism in the reporting of the o . j . simpson arrest : a critical discourse analysis approach * ian hutchby arguments and asymmetries on talk radio interactional explanations for patterns of variation * scott fabius kiesling using interactional discourse analysis to explain variation * sylvie dubois the coherent network of effects on discourse humorous faces * nancy k . baym humorous performance in a computer-mediated group * diana boxer and florencia cortes - conde teasing that bonds : conversational joking and identity display 12 : 45 - 2 : 45 theme lunch 2 : 45 - 4 : 45 negotiating authority and status * cynthia dickel dunn the language of the tea teacher : shifting indexical ground in a japanese pedagogical context * lena gavruseva ' what is this drivel about garages ? ' : the construction of authoritative self in the cover letter discourse * geoffrey raymond the voice of authority : sequence and turn design in live news broadcasts * hideko nornes abe discourse analysis on distal and direct styles of japanese women 's speech narrative structures across languages * viola g . miglio tense alternations in medieval prose texts * asli ozyurek how children use connectives to talk about a conversation * marybeth culley rhetorical elaborations of a chiricahua apache comic narrative genre * bethany k . dumas complex narratives in ozark discourse competing discourses and dominance * tony hak ' she has clear delusions ' : the production of a factual account * catherine f . smith democratic discourses * john clark standard and vernacular : persuasive discourse styles in conflict * kathryn remlinger keeping it straight : the socio-linguistic construction of a heterosexual ideology in a campus community 5 : 00 - 7 : 00 colloquium : discourse and conflict ( coordinator : christina kakava ) * faye c . mcnair - knox discourse and conflict in african - american english womantalk : patterns of grammaticalized disapproval in narratives * christina kakava evaluation in personal and vicarious stories : mirror of a greek man 's self * patricia e . o'connor ' you can't keep a man down ' : positioning in conflict talk and in violent acts * laine berman life stories from the streets : homeless children 's narratives of violence and the construction of a better world discourse influences on syntactic categories and structures * jennifer arnold the interaction between discourse focus and verbal form in mapudungun * rajesh bhatt information status and word order in hindi * paul hopper discourse and the category ' verb ' in english interactional construction of cognitive understanding * pamela w . jordan and megan moser multi - level coordination in computer-mediated conversation * claudia roncarati repetition and cognition in the information flow : a case-study in brazilian portuguese database * andrea tyler and john bro examining perceptions of text comprehensibility : the effect of order and contextualization cues * robbert - jan beun structure in cooperative dialogue 7 : 15 - 8 : 15 charles goodwin the social life of aphasia saturday evening theme dinner * sunday , february 19 * 9 : 30 - 10 : 30 frederick erickson discourse analysis as a communication chunnel : how feasible is a linkage between continental and anglo - american approaches ? 10 : 45 - 12 : 45 colloquium : frames theory and discourse ( coordinator : janice hornyak ) * janice hornyak personal and professional frames in office discourse * susan hoyle negotiation of footing in play * carolyn kinney the interaction of frames , roles and footings : conversational strategies of co-leaders in a long-term group * yoshiko nakano interplay of expectations in cross-cultural miscommunication : a case study of negotiations between americans and japanese * suwako watanabe framing in group discussion : a comparison between japanese and american students interpreting , challenging , evaluating gender * jennifer curtis contestation of masculine identities in a battering intervention program * keller s . magenau more than feminine : attending to power and social distance dimensions in spoken and written workplace communication * keli yerian professional and gendered identities in the discourse of two public television directors * donna trousdale social languages and privileging : gender and school science discourse discursive enactments of cultural ideologies * isolda carranza stance - making in oral interviews * shari e . kendall religion and experience : constructed dialogue , narrative , and life story in religious testimonies * agnes weiyun he stories as interactional resources : narrative activity in academic counseling encounters * orla morrissey discourse analysis as an evaluation methodology for technology assessment in pre-competitive r and d environments 12 : 45 - 2 : 15 lunch 2 : 15 - 3 : 45 computational approaches to discourse analysis * megan moser and johanna d . moore an approach to the study of discourse cues * yan qu a computational approach for automatically extracting discourse rules * donald lewis theme and eventline in a classical hebrew narrative : a computer-assisted analysis conversational moves * c . antaki , f . diaz , a . collins participants ' orientation to footing : evidence from conversational completion * peter muntigl saving face in argument : an analysis of face-threatening disagreements fine - tuning conversation * hiroko spees how aizuchi ' back channels ' shape and are shaped by the interaction in japanese conversation * toshiko hamaguchi manifestation of shared knowledge in conversation * yrjo engestrom discursive disturbances as bridge between the micro and the macro : evidence from activity-theoretical studies in collaborative work settings 4 : 00 - 5 : 00 deborah tannen academic discourse as discourse 5 : 00 - 5 : 15 ralph fasold closing remarks * * how to contact gls 1995 * * please send registration and requests for information regarding special discounts on airfare , accommodations , and transportation to the georgetown linguistics society : gls 1995 internet : gls @ guvax . georgetown . edu georgetown university bitnet : gls @ guvax . bitnet department of linguistics voice : ( 202 ) 687-6166 479 intercultural center washington , d . c . 20057-1068 regularly updated information is available through the world - wide web georgetown linguistics home page : http : / / www . georgetown . edu / cball / gu _ lx . html * * registration * * on - site registration will begin at 11 : 00 a . m . in the intercultural center ( icc ) galleria on friday , february 17 , 1995 . students $ 30 . 00 non - students $ 40 . 00
 "",0
 1127,""Subject: re : 6 . 167 words that are their own opposites
  
  and how about fine , meaning 1 . meets minimum standards of acceptibility , possibly just barely 2 . markedly better than the usual or handicap , meaning 1 . disadvantage in some context 2 . advantage given to weaker competitor jean braithwaite university of maryland
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 1128,""Subject: words that are their own opposites : sum , cont 'd .
  
  here are some explanations of three famous types of auto-antonymy . bob fradkin gives us the auto-antonymy of verbs of covering / uncovering , chuck bigelow follows the english blackening of indo - european ' white ' , and david gamon explores how modal expressions may come to mean their opposite . * * * bob fradkin ( raf100f @ oduvm . cc . odu . edu ) writes : dust is part of a series of noun-verb conversions related to coverings of things . if the noun gives a covering that is natural to the thing , then the verb means """" remove the covering . """" if the covering is imposed , the verb means """" put the covering on . """" so you get """" shell an egg """" """" peel a banana """" but """" paint the furniture """" """" wax the floor . """" dust is interesting because it can go either way : """" dust the furniture """" ( a sort of natural covering to be removed ) vs . """" dust the crops """" ( put stuff on them that they did n't have and would n't unless humans put it there ) . i mentioned this in my english grammar book """" stalking the wild verb phrase """" ( univ . pr . of america 1991 ) at the end of chp . 3 . * * * chuck bigelow ( bigelow @ cs . stanford . edu ) writes : ) from historical linguistics , a well known example of a word 's meaning shifting to its opposite is english """" black """" , of which the indo - european root is * bhel - ' to shine , flash , burn , be white ' etc . another modern reflex of * bhel is """" bald """" - ' having a shining or white head ' . from a variant of * bhel - , * bhelg - / * bhleg - ' to shine , burn ' comes germanic * blakaz ' burned ' , and thence old english """" blaec """" - ' black , that which has been burned ' . nifty . ( i ' m using calvert watkins ' dictionary of ie roots , houghton mifflin , as reference . ) * * * david gamon ( gamon @ garnet . berkeley . edu ) writes : enantiodriomia refers to the diachronic process of acquiring an """" opposite """" meaning , and i suppose a word having two such meanings would be an enantiodrome . i learned this , by the way , from professor matisoff here at berkeley . enantiodromia of modals / attitudinals the first example of such a word i had drawn to my attention is * doubt * , which historically has a meaning such that to doubt that something be true meant to suspect it to be true . in some parts of northern england , i ' m told , it still has this meaning . this was brought to my attention by professor bill stewart at cuny . another example i ' m familiar with is the english modal * must * , which is reconstructed as meaning """" to have freedom or space """" ; the gothic cognate meant """" to be free or have permission ( to do something ) . """" there are two classes of explanation offered in the literature for this particular example of enantiodromia . first explanation : negation drops out klaren ( 1913 ) and antinucci and parisi ( 1971 ) propose that the semantic shift took place in a negative context , as follows : neg ( free to do x ) - - ) compelled ( neg ( do x ) ) given the equivalence of a lack of freedom to do something and a compulsion to not do something , an innovative """" compulsion """" semantics was reanalyzed from the """" freedom """" semantics in a negative context with concomitant scope change of the negative operator . the reanalysis is made esepcially perspicuous given a & p 's notation , which decomposes the older meaning of the modal ( freedom / persmission ) into the primes neg ( bind ( neg ) ) : if one is free to do something , then one is not bound to do it ; if this is negated , the first two negs cancel out to leave only the narrow-scope neg , with a resultant meaning of bind neg or """" compelled not """" with narrow-scope neg , as follows : cause ( x ) ( neg ( neg ( bind ( neg ( john goes out ) ) ) ) ) [ = j . may not go out ] - - - ) cause ( x ) ( bind ( neg ( john goes out ) ) ) [ = john must not go out ] the same sort of explanation could be applied in reverse to the german modal * duerfen * , which underwent a semantic shift from an original """" necessity """" or """" compulsion """" semantics ( cf . mod . germ . * beduerfen * """" need , require , """" * duerftig * """" needy , poor , lacking """" ) to the modern """" permission """" meaning : bind ( neg ( do x ) ) - - ) neg ( free ( do x ) ) however , the a&p notation fails to link the conservative and innovative senses in a natural manner . second explanation : antithetical nature of modality the other kind of explanation has been proposed by breal ( quoted in bech 1951 , p . 19 ) , visser ( 1963-73 , p . 1797 ) and traugott ( 1989 ) , and basically proposes that permission is used as a polite way of imposing obligation , with the implication subsequently being semanticized , or the originally indirect speech act giving way to direct , conventionalized coding . one might see the same sort of shift occurring in present-day english in contexts that suggest that this sort of explanation may indeed be valid , as in """" you may leave now . """" one can see from this , at least , that what counts as an """" opposite """" is largely a matter of the scale one implicitly chooses along which to arrange the items at issue , or the specific semantic prime upon which one chooses to focus . also , one would n't even think of conceptualizing the innovative meaning as antonymous if most of the conservative meaning were n't being preserved intact . another example is * prove * , which in middle english meant something like """" to test , """" or in a legal context , """" to put on trial . """" when the expression """" the exception proves the rule """" was coined , it quite logically meant that an exception or counterexample to a generalization or claim makes you question the generalization or that the exception so to speak puts the rule on trial . as the verb * prove * shifted its meaning 180 degrees , the expression , illogical though it then became , was preserved simply because it 's so handy - - whenever someone presents counterevidence to your claim , you can write it off as """" the exception that proves the rule """" ! ( it 's interesting , by the way , how many """" folk """" justifications there are of the sense of this idiom - - but that 's another story . ) references antinucci , francesco and domenico parisi ( 1971 ) . on english modal verbs , cls 7 : 28-39 . bech , gunnar ( 1951 ) . grundzuege der semantischen entwicklungsgeschichte der hochdeutschen modalverba . copenhagen : ejnar munksgaard . klaren , g . a . ( 1913 ) . die bedeutungsentwicklung von koennen , moegen , und muessen in hochdeutschen . umea : aktiebolaget umea tryckerier . traugott , elizabeth c . ( 1989 ) . on the rise of epistemic meanings in english : an example of subjectification in semantic change . language 65 : 31-55 . visser , frederikus t . ( 1963-73 ) . an historical syntax of the english language . 3 vols . leiden : brill .
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 1129,""Subject: re : 6 . 191 words that are their own opposites
  
  another example , known to devotees of the times crossword , is ' cleave ' , which means both to adhere to and to divide ( a cloven hoof , meat cleaver ) .
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 1130,""Subject: grammatical relations and derived notions
  
  about two months ago i posted a query which , somewhat abbreviated , ran as follows : """" for some time , i have been puzzled by a claim that i come across frequently in the formal grammatical literature , namely that since grammatical relations are derived , therefore they cannot be referred to by the grammar . more specifically , my puzzlement is not concerned with why some people believe both that grammatical relations are derived and that grammatical relations cannot be referred to by the grammar , but rather with why they think the second belief follows necessarily from the first . i would be grateful for any enlightenment on this issue . """" my query did n't elicit a vast number of responses , so maybe i should conclude that people are n't really interested in this issue , but for those who might be interested i will summarize the responses . first , no one defended the position that i criticized . indeed , the general tenor , explicit or implicit , of the responses is that the position is erroneous . i am thus inclined to continue believing that it is an error that has unfortunately crept into the literature , one which i hope will disappear . some people pointed to other specific examples in linguistics and other sciences where derived notions play a crucial role , making it meaningful to argue about what are the correct derived notions . second , some people suggested that those who appear to make the claim in question might really be trying to say something different ( e . g . simply that the grammar should not refer directly to grammatical relations ) . but examination of the two most recent instances that i encountered , and which prompted me to post the query , shows that they only make sense if the claim is interpreted literally as i suggested . third , some people asked me to cite references to where the claim is made . i prefer not to do so . ( 1 ) it is n't my aim to embarrass anyone in front of the whole list ; there are others who are much better at that than i am . ( 2 ) it would be unfair to the authors of the two instances that i encountered most recently and which i remember - - i do n't see why i should cite them , especially as they are linguists whose work i respect - - while those i happen not to remember go uncited . i will be happy if the erroneous claim does n't appear in future . i am grateful to the following for their responses : dan finer , f . lehman , adam meyers , fritz newmeyer , sebastian shaumyan , jean - roger vergnaud . bernard comrie ( comrie @ bcf . usc . edu ) bernard comrie dept of linguistics gfs-301 tel + 1 213 740 2986 university of southern california fax + 1 213 740 9306 los angeles , ca 90089-1693 , usa e-mail comrie @ bcf . usc . edu
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 1131,""Subject: citing e-texts summary
  
  dear linguists , here is the summary of responses i received in answer to my query about citing e-texts . firstly , though , i would like to thank the following people who kindly sent references and suggestions : keith schultz bruce nevin ismail s talib evelyn todd karl vogel helmer strik joel kristina harris loren allen billings stavros macrakis golge citak - seferoglu michael bernstein petur knutsson jane a . edwards , and allan c . wechsler * * * * * several people supplied the following references : 1 . li , xia & nancy b . crane ( 1993 ) _ electronic style : a guide to citing electronic information _ . meckler ( isbn 0-88736 - 909 - x ) approx . $ 15 . 00 . [ this reference seems to be the standard which most scholars currently follow ] 2 . apa style guide version 1 . 2 , revised july 14 , 1994 prepared by ron corio ( rcorio @ cabell . vcu . edu ) & maggi sokolik ( msokolik @ uclink . berkeley . edu ) adapted from : american psychological association . ( 1983 ) . _ publication manual of the american psychological association ( 3rd . ed . ) . _ washington , d . c . : american psychological association . 3 . _ the chicago manual of style _ 14th edition ( chicago : the university of chicago press , 1993 ) , pp . 633 - 4 , 699 . and loren allen billings gives the following reference : 4 . _ text encoding initiative _ . i ' m not sure who published it , but it is two volumes of everything you want to know about standardizing electronic texts . published in 1993 , i believe . jane edwards informs that : tesl-ej has prepared an electronic guide to preparing manuscripts according to apa ( american psychological association ) standards . this guide includes information on how to cite e-mail messages , online articles , as well as more traditional references . if you are interested in getting the guide , send a message to : listserv @ cmsa . berkeley . edu the text of the message should be the following line ( and nothing more ! ) get teslej - l apaguide teslej - l f = mail * * * * * jane then supplies a section from the tesl publication guide : note : the following is not a complete listing . if you have a reference or citation that does not fit the examples given here , please consult one of the reference works above . if you do not have access to them , contact one of the authors of this file . instructions include a reference list ( headed """" references """" ) at the end of the tesl-ej article that documents your sources and provides the necessary information to identify and retrieve each source . references must include only the sources that were used in the research and preparation of the article . a reference list cites specific works that support a particular article . a bibliography cites works for background or for further reading . apa journal style requires reference lists , not bibliographies . because of the limitations of ascii , certain typographical features cannot be displayed on screen . underscoring should be indicated by typing an underscore mark before and after the segment of text to be italicized or underlined . example : . . . in the journal _ language learning _ , diacritical marking , such as umlauts or accent marks , should be omitted . if the omission of these marks creates ambiguity or possible misinterpretation , this can be clarified via a footnote or parenthetical explanation . please note that the examples used in this document are for illustration only , and should not be used for actual citations . many are fictional or partly fictional . check all your sources carefully . i . in-text documentation citation within the text of a document refers the reader to an alphabetical reference list at the end of the article . apa format uses the author-date method of citation . the surname of the author and the date of publication are inserted at the appropriate point in the text . a . one work by single author 1 . if the name of the author appears in the text , cite only the year of publication in the text . shannon 's ( 1989 ) historical analysis . . . . 2 . otherwise , place the surname of the author and the year of publication with a comma separating the two . . . . lead to successful language learning ( chaudron , 1988 ) . 3 . within a paragraph you need not repeat the references to an author 's work as long as it cannot be confused with other work cited in the article . b . one work by two or more authors 1 . when a work has two authors , always use the surnames of both authors in all citations . join the two names by an ampersand ( & ) within parentheses , or by """" and """" within the text . . . . or simply ignore it ( hill & parry , 1988 ) . 2 . when a work has 3 - 6 authors , use the surnames of all authors in the first citation . in subsequent citations , include only the surname of the first author followed by """" et al . """" . . . process the text hierarchically ( armbruster , anderson & ostertag , 1984 ) . . . . 3 . when a work has more than six authors , use only the surname of the first author followed by """" et al . """" . . . on a test with exclusively open-ended questions ( pollit et al . , 1985 ) . c . works with no authors when a work has no author , cite the first two or three words of the reference list entry followed by the year . the first entry is usually the title . underline the title of a periodical or book and use double quotation marks around the title of an article or chapter . . . . on language use ( """" world languages , """" 1992 ) . . . . in the book ( _ language use _ , 1991 ) . d . specific parts of a source to cite a specific part of a source , include the page , chapter , figure , table , or equation in the citation . the words """" page """" and """" chapter """" are abbreviated in such citations ( see abbreviations ) . . . . and rewriting what is read ( freire , 1983 , p . 11 ) . abbreviations : chap . chapter ed . edition rev . ed . revised edition 2nd ed . second edition ed . ( eds . ) editor ( editors ) trans . translator ( s ) p . ( pp . ) page ( pages ) vol . volume ( as in vol . 4 ) vols . volumes ( as in four volumes ) no . number pt . part tech . rep . technical report suppl . supplement geographical abbreviations : for the u . s . , states and territories in the reference list should use the official two-letter u . s . p . s . abbreviation . city names and country names should not be abbreviated . e . personal communications letters , memos , telephone conversations , etc . are not included in the reference list , thus are cited in the text only . include the initials as well as the surname of the author and provide as exact a date as possible . . . . according to d . b . cooper ( personal communication , april 15 , 1969 ) . f . references in parenthetical material if a reference appears within parentheses , use commas ( not brackets ) to set off the date . . . . the second level ( see figure 1 of cowell & ross , 1992 , for full explanation . ) ii . reference list a . complete reference list the reference list should be in alphabetical order by author 's surnames . with names including """" de """" , """" von """" , etc . , those names should be alphabetized according to the rules of the language from which they originate . each entry should be indented five spaces from the second line forward , and there should be a blank line between entries . b . apa style 1 . periodicals doyle , w . ( 1977 ) . learning the classroom environment : an ecological analysis . _ journal of teacher education , 28 _ , 51-55 . 2 . books a . entire books bishop , a . j . & whitfield , r . c . ( 1982 ) . _ situations in teaching _ . london : mcgraw - hill . b . article or chapter within a book heath , s . b . ( 1989 ) . the learner as culture member , in m . l . rice & r . l . schiefelbusch ( eds . ) , _ the teachability of language _ ( pp . 333-350 ) . toronto : paul h . brookes . 3 . technical and research reports cummins , j . ( 1981 ) . the role of primary language development in promoting educational success for language minority students . in california state department of education ( ed . ) , _ schooling and language minority students : a theoretical framework _ . los angeles : california state university , evaluation , dissemination , and assessment center . 4 . proceedings of meetings and symposiums olson , d . r . , & hildyard , a . ( 1980 ) . _ literacy and the comprehension of literal meaning _ . paper presented at the conference on the development and use of writing systems , biefefeld , germany . 5 . doctoral dissertations and master 's theses besnier , n . ( 1986 ) . _ spoken and written registers in a restricted-literacy setting _ . unpublished doctoral dissertation . university of southern california , los angeles . 6 . unpublished manuscripts and publications of limited circulation parry , j . ( 1982 ) . _ popular attitudes towards hindu religious texts _ . unpublished manuscript . 7 . translations and non - english text translation : freud , s . ( 1920 ) . _ a general introduction to psychoanalysis _ ( j . riviere , trans . ) . new york : pocket books . non - english text : raynaud de lage , g . ( 1975 ) . _ introduction a l ' ancien francais _ , ( 9e edition ) . [ _ introduction to old french _ , ( 9th ed . ) ] . paris : societe d ' edition d ' enseignement superieur . 8 . reviews and interviews book review : rea , p . m . ( 1984 ) . [ review of _ issues in language testing _ by charles alderson and arthur hughes , eds . ] . _ language learning 34 , 3 _ , 175-188 . published interview : smith , d . ( 1990 ) . [ interview with wu leong ] . _ english yesterday 10 , 5 _ , 57-90 . 9 . nonprint media film : kirosawa , a . ( director & producer ) . ( 1970 ) . _ dodes ' kaden _ [ film ] . tokyo : films ltd . audio recording : carter , b . ( speaker ) . ( 1977 ) . _ the growth of english _ . ( cassette recording no . 222 ) . new york : audio associates . 10 . electronic media computer programs : sandford , j . a . & browne , r . j . ( 1985 ) . captain 's log : cognitive training system ( version 1 . 0 ) [ computer program ] . indianapolis : psychological software services , inc . online databases : _ the educational directory _ . [ online ] . ( 1992 ) . available : knowledge index file : the educational directory ( educ6 ) . ftp or telnet : kehoe , b . p . ( 1992 ) . _ zen and the art of the internet ( 2nd . ed . ) , [ online ] . available ftp ( or telnet ) : quake . think . com directory : pub / etext / 1992 file : zen10 . text articles available via e-mail : root , c . ( 1994 ) . esl and learning disabilities : a guide for the esl practitioner . _ tesl-ej 1 _ . available e-mail : listserv @ cmsa . berkeley . edu message : get teslej01 a - 4 teslej - l f = mail to cite e-mail messages : general format : author ( year , month day ) . _ subject of message _ [ e-mail to receiver 's name ] , [ online ] . available e-mail : receiver 's e-mail address . example : corio , r . ( 1994 , june 1 ) . _ apa guide deadline _ [ e-mail to margaret e . sokolik ] , [ online ] . available e-mail : msokolik @ uclink . berkeley . edu . * * * * * far as the location of a citation within an e-text is concerned keith schultz offers the following advice : 1 ) mention of context ; 2 ) character position of beginning within e-text 3 ) location given in paragraphs , lines , chapters , etc . naturally , these methods are not very effective or feasible for the human reader , but a human with a computer can very effectively find the given citations within an e-text within seconds given the above information . secondly , as e-text are generally located on mass storage ( disks ) they can be directly distributed with your article for reference . and not last but least the citation itself is a positional marker of the citation within the text itself if it is sufficiently large enough . finally , some noteworthy comments and common sense advice : keith also notes : """" i would not cite any source without first knowing where it has come from and its source as it is far to easy to manipulate any e-text and pass it on without leaving any traces of foul play , other than it differing from the original . """" on this same note , stavros macrakis states : """" if the provenance [ of the e - text ] is not clear , i do n't know why you 'd want to cite the thing in the first place ! if i give you a half-dozen xerox copies without the necessary bibliographic information , you would be wise not to rely on them too much ! """" and finally an important note on etiquette from evelyn todd : """" if you wish to cite an item that you received via [ . . . e-mail lists ] , please consider if the posting was public or private and contact its author for permission to cite . postings can be considered as published material , but it is always wise to check with the author before assuming that widespread dissemination was intended . """" [ i hope the evelyn and the other authors of the above comments do not mind my breaking this rule of etiquette here . ] i hope the information in this summary is of as much use to you all as it is to me and colleagues . thanks again to all those who contributed . """" moce mada """" jan tent department of literature and language school of humanities the university of the south pacific p . o . box 1168 suva fiji tel : ( 679 ) 313900 ext . 2263 fax : ( 679 ) 305053 e - mail : tent _ j @ usp . ac . fj
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 1132,""Subject: sum : written signs in speech
  
  content - length : 18171 i ' m very grateful to those who responded - with such interesting references , comments and examples - to my query about written signs being transferred to speech , and apologize that i could n't thank everyone individually . those who replied were : agnes roman ( aromi @ eratos . erin . utoronto . ca ) peter jones ( jonep @ dg13 . cec . be ) deborah milam berkley ( dberkley @ u . washington . edu ) karen gammelgaard ( karen . gammelgaard @ easteur-orient . uio . no ) gail stygall ( stygall @ u . washington . edu ) """" rebecca larche moreton ( becky ) """" ( mlrlm @ vm . cc . olemiss . edu ) robert dale ( rdale @ microsoft . com ) """" karen s . chung """" ( karchung @ ccms . ntu . edu . tw ) peter - arno coppen ( u250005 @ vm . uci . kun . nl ) """" dr . christian k . nelson """" ( cnelson @ vm . cc . purdue . edu ) philippe mennecier ( ferry @ cimrs1 . mnhn . fr ) """" e . h . klein - v . d . laaken """" ( klein @ let . rug . nl ) stephen p spackman ( spackman @ dfki . uni-sb . de ) """" john m . jeep """" ( jjeep @ miamiu . acs . muohio . edu ) bill king ( wfking @ ccit . arizona . edu ) james kirchner ( jpkirchner @ aol . com ) my original posting asked about such sentences as : we used to believe that """" real """" men did n't show their emotions which i thought could be expressed in speech as : we used to believe that real - in quotation marks - men . . . or we used to believe that quote real ( unquote ) men . . . or by ' imitating ' double quotation marks with one or two fingers of both hands when pronouncing ' real ' . other examples were the use of the word ' period ' : elvis was the greatest there ever was , period . and ' underline ' , ' unterstreichen ' and 's ouligner ' to mean ' emphasize ' . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * roman agnes ( aromi @ eratos . erin . utoronto . ca ) just a few exemples from hungarian ; 1 . """" megirod a leckedet , pont . """" = you ' ll write your homework , period . ( meaning : strict order , no further discussion permitted . ) 2 . """" eljott kati is , zarojelben megjegyzem , nagyon ideges volt . . . """" = kathy came too , [ and ] i note in parentheses , she was very nervous . ( meaning : i make a """" side """" comment ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * jones peter ( jonep @ dg13 . cec . be ) the french use ' full stop ' with even more emphasis - point , a la ligne . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * deborah milam berkley ( dberkley @ u . washington . edu ) this is n't a serious scholarly answer to your query . have you ever heard victor borge 's routine on so-called """" phonetic punctuation """" ? it 's awfully funny . he does it on the video of his 80th birthday celebration at wolf trap in the u . s . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * karen . gammelgaard @ easteur-orient . uio . no a good introduction to problems of transferring written signs to speech and vice versa is josef vachek ( 1989 ) , written language revisited , amsterdam - philadelphia : john benjamins . your example with the use of period meaning no more discussion necessary has equivalents in czech and danish . czech : """" elvis byl nejvetsi zpevak vsech dob , tecka . """" ( tecka = period ) danish : """" elvis var tidernes st | rste , punktum """" ( punktum = period ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * gail stygall ( stygall @ u . washington . edu ) author : dillon , george l . title : my words of an other . year : 1988 language : english pub . type : journal article ; evaluative report ; position paper source : college english ; v50 n1 p63 - 73 jan 1988 abstract : considers the conventions of quotation marks - - or """" perverted commas """" - - and identifies seven uses , including shudder quotes ( slang or inappropriate words ) and scare quotes ( used for attention or emphasis ) . notes that quotation marks influence meaning and that finding a personal voice entails using language without quotes . ( mm ) subject major : punctuation . subject minor : discourse - analysis . higher - education . plagiarism . semantics . writing - composition identifiers : quotations . voice - rhetoric . word - choice . word - potency . writing - attitudes . writing - style . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * """" rebecca larche moreton ( becky ) """" ( mlrlm @ vm . cc . olemiss . edu ) your first example of punctuation that has been put into a spoken sentence is interesting because the quotation marks around """" real """" in """" real """" man are the written way of expressing ironic emphasis in the voice that would otherwise be lost in print . then , reading from the page , or pretending to do so , the speaker says : real , quote-unquote , or makes one of the bracketing gestures y ou mention , but i 'd be willing to bet he also puts the extra stress on the work real , just as he would have done if he had n't said quote - unquote . so the irony is doubly marked . in the other example , in your irrefutable statement about the king , the word period serves as an emphatic sentence particle . this is not the meaning of an actual period , which in print serves simply to show the end of a sentence . there are , then , two different things going on in the two examples . i have heard people who really wanted to cut off further debate say things like : you are not going out tonight , period , period ! with the first period on a low pitch and the second one higher and much louder . the second period has emphatic stress , i . e . , is higher and louder than the first , which has end-of - sentence pitch and a stress . as for other examples , the only ones that come to mind right now are those involving the decimal system : in french , one says """" sept virgule trois """" for 7 , 3 just as we say seven point three . this must have parallels in other languages . by the way , since you are interested in this , maybe you 'd enjoy hearing the phonetic punctuation routines of the danish - born pianist and comedian victor borge . he has a system of indicating punctuation by means of various mouth-noises , usually as rude as possible , which makes for some hilarious patter . it has been a long time since i heard him , but i believe his records are still available . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * robert dale ( rdale @ microsoft . com ) what 's your take on the use of the word """" parenthetically """" as in parenthetically , i should say here that . . . stretching it a bit further , how about """" item """" in the following ( not at all convinced by this one but just in case ) : there are some things we should get straight here . item : no smoking in class ; item : no eating in class . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * """" karen s . chung """" ( karchung @ ccms . ntu . edu . tw ) this happens when certain words are borrowed from the local dialect , ' taiwanese ' ( or ' southern min ' ) , into the standard national language , mandarin , via latin letters to represent the taiwanese sound . e . g . a local variety of lettuce is called in taiwanese e5 a2 chhai3 , and perhaps most people call it by its taiwanese name rather than its mandarin name , wo1 ju4 . but then it became common to represent the taiwanese term in writing thus : a cai4 . people subsequently started pronouncing it like it was written , which is quite unlike the taiwanese compound on which it was based . the same has happened with the taiwanese term for 's pringy ' ( in reference e . g to rice ) : khiu7 became q . this raised the tone from a middle level to high level ( there is no middle level tone in mandarin ) . i can give you a reference on this : hansell , mark ( mhansell @ carleton . edu ) . _ the sino - alphabet : the assimilation of roman letters into the chinese writing system _ . philadelphia : sino - platonic papers , no . 45 , may 1994 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * peter - arno coppen ( u250005 @ vm . uci . kun . nl ) i think the quotation marks can also be expressed by a characteristic intonation pattern ( starting the quoted part with a new tone word , with l * hl intonation ) . also , pronouncing quotation marks with """" say """" seems ( in some cases ) to be appropriate : i think that , say """" intelligence """" , has something to do with it about the origin : in the sixties / seventies , the danish comedian victor borge was rather successful with his """" phonetic puntuation """" , in which he e . g . """" pronounced """" quotation marks with two clicking sounds , accompanied by the finger sign you mentioned . this will surely not be the origin , but i saw many people imitating him since then . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * """" dr . christian k . nelson """" ( cnelson @ vm . cc . purdue . edu ) i ' m not sure , but think that what you ' re interested in might overlap with the phenomenon of """" reported speech , """" which bakhtin and his circle dealt with . perhaps there is a better reference for their work , but the one i ' m familiar with is v . n . volosinov 's ( 1973 ) _ marxism and the philosophy of language _ ( cambridge , ma : harvard univ . press ; l . matejka & i . r titunik , trans . ) . i should note that some believe this book was actually authored by bahktin , but bears volosinov 's name for political reasons . anyway , part 3 seems pertinent to your interests . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * philippe mennecier ferry @ cimrs1 . mnhn . fr the same phenomena exist in french : on a coutume de penser que les vrais hommes ( entre guillemets ) ne montrent pas leurs e / motions . ( your example ) , or the same - by ' imitating ' double quotation marks with * two * fingers of both hands when pronouncing """" vrais hommes """" . to break off further discussion , we say , as your """" period """" : """" un point , c ' est tout . """" it 's lexicalized . je ne le ferai pas , un point c ' est tout . ( i shall not do that , period ) note also , lexicalized : """" entre parenthe / ses """" ( """" e """" with """" grave accent """" ) or , better , """" soit dit entre parenthe / ses """" ( by the way ) , in order to express a private comment . ( . . . ) ( soit dit ) entre parenthe / ses , il n ' est pas tre 's malin . ( by the way , between ourselves , he is not very clever ) of course , we can use other expression by irony , like : i said that with points of suspension ( avec des points de suspension ) , but it is not lexicalized . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * """" e . h . klein - v . d . laaken """" ( klein @ let . rug . nl ) i can contribute some dutch examples : je gaat vanavond niet weg , punt uit ! you go tonight not away , period end ! * meaning : end of discussion of het vlug genoeg gaat . . daar zet ik wat vraagtekens bij . whether it goes fast enough . . there i add some question marks . * meaning : i ' m not to sure about that hij onderstreepte nog eens hoe belangrijk dit was . he underlined once again how important this was . een echte - tussen aanhalingstekens - man . . a real - between quotation marks - man een echte man - tussen aanhalingstekens dan . . a real man - that is , between quotation marks . . tussen twee haakjes , wat doe jij vanavond ? between two brackets , what do you tonight ? * meaning : introducing a question unrelated to the discussion that goes on or has just finished . de boeren , die het , tussen twee haakjes , al gemakkelijker hebben dan vroeger , . . the farmers , who , between two brackets , have already an easier life than before , . . * meaning : an additional remark , that nevertheless has some importance i heard or read somewhere ( do n't know where , do n't know when ) that people use also keyboardstrikes in their talk , that would be a modern version of your question ; e . g . , f7 meaning ' i will remember ' ( from wordperfect ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * i seem to recall that the last words of sellar & yateman ( spelling from memory ! ) _ 1066 and all that _ are """" america was now clearly top nation and so history came to a full . """" i ' m not sure what kind of example that is : - ) . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * """" john m . jeep """" ( jjeep @ miamiu . acs . muohio . edu ) the germans also say / use """" in / mit gaensefuesschen """" lit . 's mall goose feet ' , the colloquial expression for quotation marks , with similar elocutionary force . my suspicion is that this is a borrowing ( by academics ? ) from english and / or american , but of course these things are difficult to trace . there must be a technical term for the study of gestures ( the german term is ' gestik ' , from ' geste ' ' gesture ; the former being an abstract noun ' gesturing ' or the like ) . i seem to remember the same quotation marks gesture in the german usage ( german here means german language , not limited , in my mind , to german citizens ) . it is not uncommon for a german speaker , while lecturing , to use the middle finger [ sic ] to punctuate the first in a series of fingered ordinal numbers , although in a restaurant the thumb is used as ' 1 ' , thumb and pointer for ' 2 ' and so on . of course the obscene insult can be used as well , another borrowing ? * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * bill king wfking @ ccit . arizona . edu spoken ellipsis . """" so , in the middle of the lecture she was saying that the rhetorical usage was changing dot dot dot . we got the message long before she finished . """" * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * james kirchner jpkirchner @ aol . com the first time i became aware of this phenomenon was in the late ' 60s , when i was about 12 , and some british """" progressive rock """" song was being played on the radio here in detroit ( do n't remember the name or the group ) . it began with a spoken part mimicking a preacher or professor and he was pronouncing the letters of the abbreviation """" i . e . """" rather than saying """" as in """" : """" . . . [ ? aj ? i : ] society , [ ? aj ? i : ] the church . . . """" this spoken """" i . e . """" is so common here in the states that , despite being a """" highly literate """" person , i did n't know it meant """" as in """" until a year or two ago when my czech - born teaching colleagues in europe told me . i still do n't believe the two mean the same thing anymore in colloquial speech . people here also pronounce """" e . g . """" for """" for example """" , """" a k a """" for """" also known as """" , and latin abbreviations are often pronounced as written , such as """" et al """" for """" and others """" . the french """" a la """" used in the sense of """" after the fashion of """" is so commonly spoken that i now see it written as a word """" ala """" . the most common rendering of the written quotation marks here is a sort of quickly spoken compound word """" quoteunquote """" , as in , """" he 's not a quoteunquote * real * man . """" ( the emphasis always follows . ) business offices are full of spoken acronyms spoken such as """" cya """" ( from """" cover your ass """" ) to mean a nearly superfluous blame prevention precaution or fact verification measure one takes when doing a particular job ( """" do it as a cya """" or """" this is just a cya measure """" ) . """" kma """" from """" kiss my ass """" , in ad agencies , designates a job people have to do free on their own time , e . g . , because it 's for their boss 's favorite charity ( """" this is just a kma so do n't hurry . """" or """" it 's a kma job , but you still have to rush it , i ' m really sorry . """" ) asap """" as soon as possible """" is pronounced as a word sounding nearly like """" ass at """" . i suppose the classic case of such a thing is the originally military word """" snafu """" , which stood for """" situation normal - - all fucked up """" . check this if it 's useful , but i swear i heard people in the czech republic colloquially using the letters of their abbreviation """" atd . """" instead of the full """" a tak dale """" to mean """" for example """" . closer to what you ' re asking for would be the growing use of the phrase """" question mark """" over here to mean simply something unknown : """" this event leaves a big question mark over the whole project . """" you know , this phenomenon is n't only confined to speech . here is a sentence from the letters column of the january 30 , 1995 u . s . edition of time magazine : """" those of us who have to use pcs at work but choose to have macs at home know that macs , while not problem free , are far and away superior to pc compatibles , period ! """" notice this use of """" period """" followed by an exclamation point . the word period in this usage has been reanalysed to such a degree that it 's not uncommon in the u . s . to hear emphatic statements like the following : """" i ' m not going period ! exclamation point ! """" """" period """" has thus come to mean something like """" in any case """" . americans also say """" slash """" to designate """" / """" : """" he 's kind of a carpenter slash bricklayer . """" """" it 's more or less like a cafe slash bookshop . """" """" if he slash she has a gender , * i * sure can't tell ! """" we also say """" hyphen """" in a similar way : """" he 's an actor hyphen tennis pro . """" also do n't forget the emergence over the last 20 years or so of the term """" bottom line """" , describing the sum of an arithmetic problem or an accounting ledger , and used to mean """" the summation """" or """" the point of the matter """" . in the 1970s i heard it mainly in two set forms , the question , """" what 's the bottom line ? """" ( i . e . , what 's the point ? ) and a main clause """" the bottom line is that . . . """" ( i . e . , what i ' m getting at is . . . ) . now it 's become sort of a complementizer as well , so you hear things like : """" he gave me this big runaround about how his wife was sick , and he had to do overtime at work , and he 's got an exam coming , and all this crap , bottom line he 's not gonna come . """" i ' ve also heard people , who want to end useless heated discussion of something and move on to another point , yell things like , """" wait a minute ! . . . . . new paragraph ! """" some of this stuff almost sounds like people are thinking in comic strip images : """" there 's a question mark hanging over him . """" ( i . e . , his fate is uncertain ) . this is similar to idioms that most certainly have such origins , such as , """" i just saw a light bulb over your head . what 's your idea ? """" the germans read the comma aloud in their decimals much as we here say """" point """" , so american 1 . 0 """" one point zero """" would be german 1 , 0 """" eins komma null """" .
 "",0
 1133,""Subject: re : 6 . 176 sum - c gemination
  
  reply to : re ) 6 . 176 sum : c gemination ( syntactic ) afterthought on gemination - - sorry to come in late on the discussion . the summary notes the celtic """" mutation """" called """" gemination """" in works such thurneysen 's grammar of old irish . one should not be too quick to call it that . subsequent work has shown that mostly this meant the absence of lenition or nasalization , not an actual twinning ( . i . doubling ) of the sound . this is the vestige of ( common celtic or pre - irish ) - c [ - nasal ] # # c - - boundaries , as opposed to those which caused lenition ( - v # # c - - ) and nasalization ( - c [ + nasal ] # # c - - ) . nasalization was ( is ) realized as the voicing of unvoiced initial stops , and the nasalization of voiced stops , with variations too ornate to go into here . note that in old irish , various kinds of subordination were marked very often by the lenition or nasalization of the initial consonant of the initial word of the clause ( usu . a verb , of course ) . see thurneysen for an exhaustive display of the facts . i cannot speak for mod . breton , but my impression is that the brythonic situation largely reflects a similar """" system """" .
 "",0
 1134,""Subject: re : 6 . 161 qs : cree , new guinea language , karcevskij , dick armey
  
  re : dick , dick armey has anyone done any 007 sleuthing on the time gap between the error and correction ? has armey made such errors before ? what about the prosody ? is there a tune called """" begin the harangue """" with a hard g ? bill king univ . of arizona disclaimer : i know how to pronounce barney frank .
 "",0
 1135,""Subject: dependency grammar
  
  my draft of a booklength manuscript on """" unification dependency grammar """" is now available via anonymous ftp from julius . ohio-state . edu . ps . gz in the directory \ pub \ hpsg \ papers \ udg via the commands mget * . * ( for all files ) or get ( filename ) ( for any one file ) i am also told that the url ( whatever that is ) is ftp / / ling . ohio-state . edu / pub / hpsg / papers / udg . note the suffix . gz on the filenames . this means that the files are compressed and need to be uncompressed via the command """" gunzip """" . but if you are accessing from a www browser , then the uncompression usually occurs automatically . due to the sometimes less than perfect compatibility of different computer systems , some of the trees and feature structures in the version you receive may be somewhat garbled . if so , let me know and i will send you a paper copy of the unreadable parts . even linguists not generally interested in formal syntax might want to look at chapter 1 , since this is not very technical , covers general background and provides a general comparison of dependency structure and constituent structure . chapter 2 deals with the lexicon , and as in any lexicalist model is necessarily considerably more technical . but if you understand this , the other chapters are more or less self-contained , i think . in other words , you could read and generally understand chapter 6 , for example , without reading chapters 3 - 5 . there is possibly no individual concept in this text which is completely new . it is rather a new combination of old concepts . a particularly large debt is owed to hpsg . dan maxwell 100101 . 2276 @ compuserve . com
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 1136,""Subject: summary of multimodal refs
  
  summary to my query of early january : ) dear linguists , ) ) does anyone know of work - - studies , analyses - - in multimodal reference : ) i . e . how words and picture interact and refer to each other in texts ? ) thanks to all who responsed , among them : susan meredith burt , robert dale , karen emmorey , sharon flank , lisa frumkes , sabine geldof , james a . mcgilvray , georgia green , marti hearst , richard hirsch , sally jacoby , pirjo karvonen , john lee , dick oehrle , toshio ohori , laurent romary , deborah d k ruuskanen , roberta trites , mats wiren . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the background to my query is that my group has worked for some time with multimodal input to computer systems , using combinations of text and direct manipulation : point and click gestures . just recently we extended our scope somewhat , and we have just completed a first running version of a speech interface to a 3 - d graphic virtual environment . i myself am looking at reference resolution in the interface . we are currently in the process of experimenting and fooling about with it . i was surprised myself at the strong effects of visual focus and interactivity on referent choice in situations which could be construed as ambiguous , and conversely , how in certain constructions , the textual effects completely override visual and gestural cues . just recently we completed the first stage of the project . i will be happy to mail anyone a copy of our first tentative report on how things turned out . this led me on to a side track : i am currently working on a statistical study of a tintin album ( l ' oreille cassee ) to see how the pictorial mode of the text affects the structure of referential expressions . jussi karlgren , ivan bretan , niklas frost , lars jonsson . 1995 . ` ` interaction models for speech interfaces to virtual environments ' ' , proceedings of second eurographics workshop on virtual environments - - realism and real time , monte carlo . darmstadt : fraunhofer igd . integrating speech and virtual reality technology is being done simultaneously by several research groups , and there are several publications from various sources in the works . naturally , multimodality in the human computer interface can be more than speech , vision , and gestures , and a fair amount of work has been put into investigating effects of adding text input or output to graphical displays or vice versa . there are several studies made on multimodal aspects of human-human discourse , both spoken and in text form , some with an eye on application on human-computer interaction , and some not . several responses encouraged me to look more at studies of children 's literature : the standard reference to that appears to be nodelman , in the following list . the following list only contains the complete references i have been sent so far . they keep arriving , so i may post a revised version if i receive enough more material . naturally , the field is diverse and large , and this list does in no way even approximate the breadth and depth of study in the area , but much of the work in it is new to me . i hope it is of some use ! ( more ) computer oriented work - - system descriptions and empirical studies : edwin bos , carla huls , and wim claassen . 1994 . ` ` edward : full integration of language and action in a multimodal user interface ' ' { \ it international journal of human - computer studies } , { \ bf 40 } : 473-495 . r . chandrasekar and s . ramani . 1989 . ` ` interactive communication of sentential structure and content : an alternative approach to man-machine communication ' ' , { \ it international journal of man - machine studies } { \ bf 30 } : 121-148 . \ item philip r . cohen . 1992 . ` ` the role of natural language in a multimodal interface ' ' , proceedings of the acm symposium on user interface software and technology ( uist ) , monterey , pp . 143-150 . steven k . feiner and kathleen r . mckeown . automating the generation of coordinated multimedia explanations ieee computer 24 ( 10 ) 33-41 october 1991 . interactive spoken dialogue interface in virtual worlds christophe godereaux , korinna diebel , pierre - olivier el guedj , pierre nugues . proc . ling conc and methods in cscw , london , nov 94 . govindaraju , v . ; srihari , s . n . ; sher , d . b . caption - aided face location in newspaper photographs . proceedings of 11th iapr international conference on pattern recognition . vol . 1 . computer vision and applications . the hague , netherlands . 1992 . los alamitos , ca , usa : ieee comput . soc . press , p . 474 - 7 . govindaraju , v . ; srihari , s . n . ; sher , d . a computational model for face location based on cognitive principles . aaai-92 . proceedings tenth national conference on artificial intelligence , san jose , ca , usa . 1992 . menlo park , ca , usa : aaai press , p . 350 - 5 . \ item [ susann luperfoy ] . 1992 . { \ it the representation of multimodal user interface dialogues using discourse pegs } . { \ it proceedings of the 30th annual meeting of the association of computational linguistics } , newark . \ item johanna d . moore and william r . swartout . 1990 . ` ` pointing : a way toward explanation dialogue ' ' , { \ it proceedings of aaai } , boston . dagmar schmauck ' deixis in der mensch - maschine - interaktion multimediala referentenidentifikation durch naturliche und simulierte zeigegesten . ' tubingen : niemeyer . 1991 . wahlster , w . , andre , e . , finkler , w . , profitlich , h . - j . and rist , t . plan - based integration of natural language and graphics generation . artificial intelligence , 63 ( 1 - 2 ) pp 387-427 , october 1993 ( less ) computer based work , mainly human-human interaction studies , although some have an eye on application in human-computer interface design . \ item [ alphonse chapanis , robert b . ochsman , robert n . parrish , and gerald d . weeks ] , ` ` studies in interactive communication : i . the effects of four communication modes on the behavior of teams during cooperative problem solving ' ' , human factors 14 : 6 ( 1972 ) 487-509 \ item [ alphonse chapanis , robert n . parrish , robert b . ochsman , and gerald d . weeks ] , ` ` studies in interactive communication : ii . the effects of four communication modes on the behavior of teams during cooperative problem solving ' ' , human factors 19 : 2 ( 1977 ) 101-126 \ item [ philip r . cohen ] , ` ` the pragmatics of referring and the modality of communication ' ' , computational linguistics 10 : 2 ( 1984 ) 97-147 glenberg , a . & kruley , p . ( 1992 ) . pictures and anaphora : evidence for independent processes . _ memory and cognition _ , 20 ( 5 ) , 461-471 . glenberg , a . & mcdaniel , m . ( 1992 ) . mental models , pictures , and text : integration of spatial and verbal information . _ memory and cognition _ , 20 ( 5 ) , 458-460 . nelson goodman _ languages of art _ and _ routes of reference _ georgia m . green and margaret olsen . interactions of text and illustration in beginning reading . technical report 355 , center for the study of reading , university of illinois , champaign , illinois . hammel , eugene a . ( 1972 ) the myth of structural analysis : levi - strauss and the three bears . current topics in antrhropology , vol . 5 , module 26 , 1972 , paages 1-29 . neilson and lee , """" conversations with graphics . . . """" in int . journal of human - computer studies , 40 , 1994 . nodelman , perry ( 1988 ) . _ words about pictures _ . athens , georgia : university of georgia press . ochs , e . , jacoby , s . , & gonzales , p . ( 1994 ) interpretive journeys : how physicists talk and travel through graphic space . configurations , 2 ( 1 ) , 151-171 . ochs , e . , gonzales , p . , & jacoby , s . ( forthcoming ) . """" when i come down i ' m in the domain state """" : grammar and graphic representation in the interpretive activity of physicists . in e . a . schegloff , e . ochs , & s . thompson ( eds . ) , grammar and interaction , cambridge university press . again , thanks to all who responded ! j jussi karlgren , fil . lic . jussi . karlgren @ sics . se sw inst of comp sc ( sics ) spr } kteknologi / natural language processing box 1263 , 164 28 kista ph + 46 8 752 15 00 , fax + 46 8 751 72 30 stockholm , sweden http : / / sics . se / ~ jussi / jussi-karlgren . html
 "",0
 1137,""Subject: * * * correction to hellenistic greek announcement
  
  a couple of days ago i send an fyi on hellenistic greek linguistics resources . if you have not yet sent it out , would you be able to correct the url given from http : / / tartarus . uwa . edu . au / hgrk to : http : / / www . uwa . edu . au / hgrk many thanks . james k . tauber ( jtauber @ tartarus . uwa . edu . au ) 4th year honours student , centre for linguistics university of western australia , wa 6009 , australia
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 1138,""Subject: address change / changement d ' adresse
  
  please note that the street address for the department of linguistics at the university of ottawa has changed . the complete address , which you may wish to modify in your lsa directory etc . , is as follows : department of linguistics university of ottawa change - - - ) 200 wilbrod street ottawa , on k1n 6n5 canada all telephone numbers , e-mail addresses and fax numbers were unaffected by the move .
 "",0
 1139,""Subject: dhumbadji ! , journal for the history of language
  
  good news for all subscribers , the december issue of dhumbadji ! was printed and posted before xmas . overseas subscribers will have to wait for theirs to arrive by sea mail , owing to the cost of producing and posting 100 a4 pages , but it will be worth the wait . thanks to all of you who subscribed in 1994 , we hope that there will be many more of you in 1995 , especially given the untimely death of mother tongue . the editors of dhumbadji ! will naturally be delighted to consider any papers , squibbs , letters or news items relating to the origin and diversification of language . a happpy new year to you all . paul sidwell secretary , association for the history of language po box 117 , la trobe university , australia , 3083 .
 "",0
 1140,""Subject: sum : progressive with future time reference
  
  content - length : 6465 some time ago i posted a query concerning the possible existence of languages in which the morpheme expressing the notion of """" progressive """" may be used with future time reference , as in english : - i am leaving tomorrow . the coexistence of progressive and a future time adverbial is the decisive factor . i started from a very scanty piece of knowledge : besides english , i only know of icelandic ( quoted in a paper by karen ebert , that will appear in a volume on tense and aspect ) , and possibly kinyarwanda ( but i need more data concerning this language ) . as i suspected , this feature seems to be very rare . i got only two answers . the first one is from john koontz ( koontz @ alpha . bldr . nist . gov ) . since it is not particularly long , i reproduce it entirely : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the dhegiha branch of mississippi valley siouan all form progressives by pairing the simple verb with a positional auxiliary , and omitting the plural / proximate marker that otherwise occurs in the plural forms and the third person singular proximate . dhatha = i he ate / eats dhatha = i they ate / eat dhathe he ( obv ) ate / eats dhathe = akha he is eating dhathe = ama they are eating the usual reading of the simple form is past / aorist . there are special auxiliary and / or enclitic constructions for habitual . the future is formed with the enclitic = tte , which requires the auxiliary following it . dhathe = tta = akha he will eat dhathe = tta = ama they will eat the future without the auxiliary expresses polite requests , and there is also a form = tta = i = the ( no auxiliary ; basically the evidential of the future ) that has the reading ` shall surely ' . dhathe = tta = i = the he / they shall surely eat note also : dhatha = bi = ama they say that he ate / eats ( not the same ama , i believe ) dhatha = i = the it seems that he ate / eats john koontz = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = answering a further request of clarification , koontz kindly added the following ( the letter b presumably stands for my syrname ) : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ) the dhegiha branch of mississippi valley siouan all form progressives by ) pairing the simple verb with a positional auxiliary , and omitting the ) plural / proximate marker that otherwise occurs in the plural forms and the ) third person singular proximate . ) ) dhatha = i he ate / eats dhatha = i they ate / eat ) dhathe he ( obv ) ate / eats ) ) dhathe = akha he is eating dhathe = ama they are eating b ) why are there two forms : akha and ama ? these auxiliaries are identical to the definite articles , and like them code the shape / posture / motion of the subject . historically there are derived from positional verbs and particles . = akha is the singular / motionless / proximate form = ama is the plural or singular / moving / proximate form other forms are used in the first and second persons , generally derived from the sitting article / auxiliary , e . g . , mi ~ khe ` i the sitting ' , ni ~ khe ` you the sitting ' . the stem is dhi ~ khe ` ( he ) the sitting ' . ) the usual reading of the simple form is past / aorist . there are special ) auxiliary and / or enclitic constructions for habitual . b ) your gloss indicates indicates present meaning , non only past / aorist b ) meaning . a present , non-progressive reading is possible in appropriate contexts . i believe such forms are essentially nomic . ) the future is formed with the enclitic = tte , which requires the auxiliary ) following it . ) ) dhathe = tta = akha he will eat dhathe = tta = ama they will eat b ) does it have progressive and future meaning , or only future ? no trace at all of progressive reading that i have detected . the forms without the auxiliary are limited to those mentioned , i . e . , the future of surity with = the appended , and the future of polite requests , used without further marking , in the second person . ) the future without the auxiliary expresses polite requests , and there is ) also a form = tta = i = the ( no auxiliary ; basically the evidential of the ) future ) that has the reading ` shall surely ' . ) ) dhathe = tta = i = the he / they shall surely eat ) ) note also : ) ) dhatha = bi = ama they say that he ate / eats ( not the same ama , i believe ) ) dhatha = i = the it seems that he ate / eats ) ) john koontz similar patterns occur in all of the dhegiha languages , i . e . , omaha - ponca , osage , kansa ( kaw ) , and quapaw . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the second answer is from lars anders kulbrandstad ( larsanders . kulbrandstad @ hamarlh . no ) . unfortunately , there are some misterious characters , but the content is sufficiently clear . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = there is no fullfledged progressive construction in norwegian , but we have something that still might be of interest to you . dialects in the south-eastern part of the country have a future construction consisting of the auxilliary """" bli """" ( literally = 3d """" get , become """" = ) in the present tense + present participle of the main verb . the sentence corresponding to """" i will be going to oslo tomorrow """" would be """" je blir draens ( = 3d """" i + get / become + going """" ) tel oslo i m = e5r = e5 ! """" = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = i hope this may be of some interest to somebody , or maybe stimulate other people to provide further information on this matter . i am still eager to receive new input . thanks to those who responded . best , pm _ - _ _ _ - _ ( ) _ ( ) / ( ( ) ) ( - _ ( ) / _ - _ - ) \ _ _ ( _ - _ - _ ) | | | | ( _ - _ ) / _ _ _ _ pier marco bertinetto / / / / / / / - - - - - - - scuola normale superiore / / / / / / / p . za dei cavalieri 7 - - - - - - - i-56126 pisa / / / / / / / - - - - - - - tel . + + 39 / ( 0 ) 50 / 509111 / / / / / / / fax : + + 39 / ( 0 ) 50 / 563513 - - - - - - - / / / / / / / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nb : alternative email addresses : / bertinet @ sns . it / / bertinetto @ sns . it /
 "",0
 1141,""Subject: call for papers : linguistics session of the m / mla
  
  call for papers linguistics session - - midwest modern language association , st . louis , missouri , november 2 - 4 , 1995 topic : dialogue in fiction - - applications of theories / approaches from linguistic and cognitive sciences to dialogue in fiction . papers may explain how dialogue in fiction works ( with or without comparison to real conversation ) ; revise existing theories of language use , and perhaps offer new ones , based on analysis of dialogue in fiction ; or interpret texts through dialogue . please send abstracts or papers to : deborah f . rossen - knill , institute for research in cognitive science , 3401 walnut street , suite 4c , philadelphia , pa 19104-6228 . deadline : march 27 , 1995 questions ? contact deborah f . rossen - knill : drossen @ linc . cis . upenn . edu .
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 1142,""Subject: call for abstracts
  
  call for abstracts the present - day english language discussion group of the mla will sponsor a session at the 1995 mla gathering in chicago titled : linguistic approaches to the study of technical language & discourse if interested , submit a 250 - word abstract to the following address before march 20 . kim sydow campbell ( kcampbel @ afit . af . mil ) 2710 beal road franklin , oh 45433
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 1143,""Subject: call for papers ( rocling )
  
  content - length : 2656 call for papers = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = r . o . c . computational linguistics conference viii ( rocling viii ) august 17-19 , 1995 yuan - ze institue of technology chung - li , taiwan , r . o . c . sponsored by : - - - - - - - - - - - - - computational linguistics society of r . o . c . information technology research center , yuan - ze institute of technology scope : - - - - - - papers are invited on substantial , original , and unpublished research on all aspects of computational linguistics , including , but not limited to the following . - syntax / semantics - large text corpora - phonetics / phonology - electronic dictionaries - parsing / generation - document database - morphology - machine translation - discourse - natural language interface - text processing - dialogue systems - cognitive linguistics - electronic books - language understanding - sgml tools and applications - speech analysis / synthesis - hytime tools and applications - quantitative / qualitative linguistics - dsssl tools and applications - mathematical linguistics - oda tools and applications - contrastive linguistics paper submission : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - four copies of a preliminary version of a full paper ( maximum 25 letter-or a4 - sized pages , double spaced throughout ) in english or chinese should be sent to the following address . the first page of the submitted paper should bear the following information : the title of the paper , the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliations , ( email ) address for correspondence . all these items should be properly centered on top , with a short abstract of the paper following . hsin - hsi chen department of computer science and information engineering national taiwan university taipei , taiwan , r . o . c . email : hh _ chen @ csie . ntu . edu . tw fax : 886 - 2-3628167 important dates : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - preliminary paper submission due : june 15 , 1995 notification of acceptance : july 10 , 1995 camera - ready copy due : july 25 , 1995 conference chairman : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shy - ming ju ( yuan - ze institute of technology ) program committee : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - chair : hsin - hsi chen ( national taiwan university ) members : jyun - sheng chang ( national tsing hua university ) keh - jiann chen ( academia sinica ) tein - yaw chung ( yuan - ze institute of technology ) chu - ren huang ( academia sinica ) shuanfan huang ( national taiwan university ) hsi - jian lee ( national chiao - tung university ) keh - yih su ( national tsing hua university ) hsu wang ( national tsing hua university ) jhing - fa wang ( national cheng kung university ) local arrangement : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - kou - hua lai ( yuan - ze institute of technology )
 "",0
 1144,""Subject: correction to call for abstracts
  
  the call for abstracts posted earlier gave the deadline for submissions as march , 1994 . please send them this year . the corrected call is as follows : call for abstracts american dialect society , midwest regional meeting submission deadline : march 27 , 1995 , for american dialect society session midwest modern language association november 2 - 4 , 1995 st . louis , mo marriott pavilion hotel abstracts and proposals on any topic welcome . if there is sufficient interest , we will have a session devoted to papers , presentations and discussion on topics related to midland dialect . send to beth lee simon , simon @ cvax . ipfw . indiana . edu cm 109 department of english and linguistics indiana university - purdue university at fort wayne fort wayne , in 46805 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",0
 1145,""Subject: conf : alasa 95 - second and final call for papers
  
  content - length : 4000 8th international biennial conference of the african languages association of southern africa alasa 95 university of stellenbosch stellenbosch south africa 12 - 14 july 1995 second and final call for papers conference theme : contemporary issues in african linguistics and literature proposals are awaited for oral presentations ( 20 mins plus 10 mins discussion ) reflecting on * african linguistics ( all subdivisions , incl lang planning ) * african literature * language teaching in african languages requirements : an extended summary of the proposal of two ( 2 ) typed pages with enough detail for proper adjudication to be received before or on 5 april 1995 . only a limited number of slots are available on the programme ; selection of papers will be based solely on merit . keynote speakers : prof a kimenyi california state university prof a irele ohio state university dr rrk hartmann dictionary research centre , exeter , uk prof i okpewho binghamton university , ny optional pre-conference seminars : four optional two-day seminars of approximately 12 hours duration each will be held on monday 10 july and tuesday 11 july . the following seminars will be presented : seminar # 1 : topics in african literature seminar # 2 : issues in bantu tonology seminar # 3 : second - language learning and teaching seminar # 4 : compiling dictionaries enrolment procedure for pre-conference seminars and conference activities : enrolment must take place before or on 31 may 1995 . only enrolled ( paid-up ) participants will be allowed to register ( free ) upon arrival . all conference material will be supplied upon registration . enrolment fee : full conference participation ( excluding seminars ) : r200 participation in seminars ( only one allowed ) : r100 accomodation accomodation is available in student residences at r80 per night sharing ( r100 per night single ) inclusive bed and breakfast . accomodation is also available in hotels and guest houses . important dates : 5 april 1995 : proposals due 20 april 1995 : notification of papers accepted or rejected 13 may 1995 : camera-ready abstracts ( shortened versions ) of accepted papers due 31 may 1995 : final date for enrolment for detail information and enrolment forms contact the organizer : alasa 95 dept of african languages university of stellenbosch po box x5018 stellenbosch 7599 south africa tel : ( 0 ) 21-808 2106 fax : ( 0 ) 21-887 6763 e - mail : alasa95 @ maties . sun . ac . za prof justus c roux department of african languages departement afrikatale university of stellenbosch universiteit van stellenbosch stellenbosch 7599 stellenbosch 7599 south africa suid - afrika e - mail / e - pos : jcr @ maties . sun . ac . za tel : ( 021 ) 808 - 2017 fax / faks : ( 021 ) 808 - 4336
 "",0
 1146,""Subject: conf
  
  the twelfth international conference on historical linguistics january 1995 second circular the abstract selection procedure is now complete . in order to maximise the number of papers , we have decided to run three parallel sessions and to have a poster display . a provisional programme will be issued in the next month together with a final conference booking form . in the meantime , the present circular contains : * an outline timetable of conference events * a list of plenary speakers and titles * preliminary details of the workshops * the social programme * accommodation details * conference costs * travel details conference timetable saturday 12 august rooms will be available in hulme hall . there will be no meal service on this day but there are many restaurants and pubs within 10 minutes walk . it may be possible to book rooms for an extra day or two before the conference - let us know when you book if you think you might need this facility . sunday 13 august registration and reception party a trip to dove cottage ( of wordsworth fame ) has been organised for those who arrive early - see social programme . monday 14 august - thursday 17 august ichl xii conference = 46riday 18 august workshops ( see below ) saturday 19 august trip to haddon hall and chatsworth sunday 20 august delegates may stay on until today if they so wish . again we shall need to know in advance and the booking form will contain a box to tick . plenary speakers barry blake verb affixes from case markers : some australian examples alice harris the mechanism of syntactic change susan herring from nominal to verbal predication in old dravidian : the discourse roots of category change paul kiparsky to be announced anthony kroch the time course of language change aditi lahiri non - linear phonology and the theory of sound change ian roberts markedness , creolization and language change elizabeth traugott the role of the development of discourse markers in a theory of grammaticalization theo vennemann * sprachb = fcnde and language families in prehistoric europe * theo vennemann 's lecture has been arranged in collaboration with the goethe institute of manchester . workshops it is planned to dedicate half a day to each workshop and all workshops will take place on friday , 18 august . more details will be provided with the provisional programme . in the meantime , contact the organizers . jadranka gvozdanovic change in numeral systems alice harris & lyle campbell cross - linguistic evidence for syntactic change : complex sentences ernst hakon jahr & laura wright the influence of the hansa and low german on european languages roger wright & henk aertsen ( to be confirmed ) the lexicon and semantic change social programme details of the social programme are attached . please notify us of your intention of going on any of the trips in good time . accommodation there are no hotels in the immediate vicinity but hulme hall offers the possibility of good on-site accommodation at the following rates : single student room ( with wash basin but without bathroom ) = a321 . 00 per night single student room ( with en-suite shower and toilet ) = a333 . 00 per night twin - bedded room ( with en-suite shower and toilet ) = a349 . 00 per night there are only 70 rooms with en suite shower / toilet available - they will be allocated on the principle of first come first served . all room rates include a full english breakfast and individual tea and coffee making facilities . all prices include vat and service . the following are a selection of manchester hotels that offer discounted rates if booked through the university . the rates are those currently offered . they are unlikely to vary much if at all between now and august , but please confirm the august rate at the time of making your booking . if you opt for hotel accommodation you will be responsible for settling your own account direct with the hotel in the usual way . accommodation in hulme hall is booked and paid for through the conference office . willow bank hotel - 340 wilmslow road , fallowfield , manchester m14 6af . tel . + 44-161 - 224-0461 . 10 minutes by bus ; 20 minutes on foot from hulme hall . mon - thur : single room = a340 . 50 , twin / double = a350 . 50 . fri - sun : single = a325 , twin / double = a333 ( all rooms with en suite facilities and english breakfast ) . dominion hotel - 48-50 whitworth street , manchester , m1 6jd . tel . + 44-161 - 953-1280 . in downtown manchester , about 15 minutes by bus and 30 mins on foot or a = a32 . 50 cab ride one way . single suite = a362 , double = a372 = , includes breakfast . manchester business school - booth street west , manchester , m15 6pb . tel . + 44-161 - 275-6303 . 10 minutes by bus , 20 minutes on foot . standard room = a335 = ; club room = a345 , includes breakfast . meals breakfast will either be in hulme hall or your hotel . lunch is included in the conference package on monday - friday 14-18 august . specialist needs such as vegetarian / vegan can be catered for - please indicate at the time of booking . participants will be free to make their own dinner arrangements . hulme hall is close to an exceptionally fine range of south asian restaurants ; two of the evening receptions are close to downtown manchester and chinatown , both of which offer excellent gastronomic options . a restaurant list will be included in the conference package . conference costs registration fee ( includes ishl subscription , conference programme and book of abstracts ) = a315 . 00 conference fee ( includes tea / coffee and lunch mon - fri and covers room hire and administration costs ) if paid by 1 june 1995 = a375 . 00 if paid after 1 june 1995 = a390 . 00 discounted rate for bona fide students = a345 . 00 if you cannot attend but wish to receive the programme and book of abstracts , you need only pay the registration fee . all those who attend the conference will pay the conference fee plus the registration fee . it is hoped that participants will be able to pay by credit card - details with booking forms . travel manchester can be easily reached via its international airport . many carriers fly direct from all continents and there are frequent shuttle services to major european hubs like heathrow and schiphol . a taxi from the airport to hulme hall costs about = a310 . there are also connecting bus and train services . there is a regular train service to manchester piccadilly from central london ( euston ) . the trip takes about two and a half hours . there are also trains to all other parts of the uk . a taxi from the station to hulme hall costs about = a33 . hulme hall the conference will be held in hulme hall , oxford place , victoria park , manchester m14 5rr . tel . + 44-161 - 224-2862 fax . + 44-161 - 257-3059 . hulme hall offers parking for up to 80 cars ( no extra charge ) and on site squash and tennis courts and a multi-gym ( again no charge ) . childcare if think you will need childcare for ( parts of ) the conference , please let us know as soon as possible and we will try to make arrangements . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ichl1995 department of linguistics university of manchester oxford road manchester m13 9pl uk tel + + 44 + ( 0 ) 161-275 3187 / 3042 fax + + 44 + ( 0 ) 161-275 3187 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",0
 1147,""Subject: international sign linguistics association
  
  content - length : 5868 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - international sign linguistics association ( isla ) - - - - - membership and subscription * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the international sign linguistics association was founded in 1986 . the aim of the organisation is to encourage and facilitate sign language research throughout the world and to develop international co-operation in the field of sign language studies . linguistic analysis of human sign languages began in earnest in the late 1950s and 1960s . since then it has developed considerably to the extent that original research is now being carried out in a wide range of countries . sign language research has a lot to tell us about the nature of human languages : it may well provide crucial insights into the nature and type of language universals , the processes of language acquisition , the influence of medium on structure and many other topics . sign linguistics is also directly relevant to those within """" mainstream """" linguistics . those involved in the field of sign linguistics research have benefited considerably through the mutual support and interest of colleagues elsewhere . isla encourages the sharing of ideas , information and research findings . the international sign linguistics association invites you to become a new member in 1995 . to ensure that you receive all of isla 's publications and correspondence on time this year , please act now and send your subscription request to the address at the end of this announcement . to help us in processing your payment , please be sure to return the form at the end of this message with your remittance . in 1995 , your isla membership will bring you : * a subscription to signpost , the friendly face of sign linguistics , isla 's provocative and stimulating quarterly periodical delivered direct to your door . * a subscription to the international review of sign linguistics , bursting with theory , analysis and insight , the year 's essential reading at the cutting edge of the discipline , published by lawrence erlbaum associates . * reduced prices on isla publications including conference and workshop proceedings to keep you up to date with all that 's new in the field . * the right to propose papers for presentation at isla congresses and symposia . * plus all the benefits of the latest information and contacts from the isla network of researchers , teachers and policymakers . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * membership and subscription form please tick as appropriate , and write in capitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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 1148,""Subject: chechen
  
  who are the chechen ? johanna nichols university of california , berkeley author 's note : i have been doing linguistic field work on chechen and its close relative ingush for many years . though i am not an ethnographer or historian , i have tried to bring together here some general information about the chechen people and their language in order to increase public awareness of the people and their situation , and to put a human face on a people of great dignity , refinement , and courage who have paid heavily for their resistance to conquest and assimilation . this paper may be copied freely . if you disseminate it electronically or print it out yourself ( which you are welcome to do ) , reformatting ( font , spacing , etc . ) is ok but please do not edit it . johanna @ uclink . berkeley . edu fax : 510 642-6220 phone ( 510 ) 642-2979 introduction . the chechens and their western neighbors the ingush are distinct ethnic groups with distinct languages , but so closely related and so similar that it is convenient to describe them together . the term """" chechen """" is a russian ethnonym taken from the name of a lowlands chechen village ; """" chechnya """" is derived from that . ( both words are accented on the last syllable in russian . ) this term evidently entered russian from a turkic language , probably kumyk ( spoken in the northern and eastern caucasian plain ) . the chechens call themselves nokhchi ( singular nokhchuo ) . similarly , """" ingush """" is not the self-designation but a russian ethnonym based on a village name ; the ingush call themselves ghalghay . demography . 1989 census figures : 956 , 879 chechen ; 237 , 438 ingush . the chechens are the largest north caucasian group and the second largest caucasian group ( after the georgians ) . location , settlement . the chechen and ingush lands lie just to the east of the principal road crossing the central caucasus ( via the darial pass ) , extending from the foothills and plains into alpine highlands . the lowlands enjoy fertile soil , ample rainfall , a long growing season , and a small oilfield . neighbors to the east are the various peoples of daghestan ( many of them speaking languages related to chechen ) ; in the plains to the north , the turkic - speaking kumyk and ( as of the last three centuries ) russians ; to the west the ingush and to their west the ossetians , who speak a language of the iranian branch of indo - european ; to the south ( across the central caucasus range ) the southern ossetians and the georgians . there are two true cities in chechen and ingush territory : grozny ( pop . about 400 , 000 until 1995 ) , the modern chechen capital founded as a russian fort during the russian conquest of the caucasus ; and vladikavkaz ( pop . about 300 , 000 ; known as ordzhonikidze in soviet times ) in the ingush highlands at the ingush - ossetic territorial boundary , also originally a russian military fort and founded to control the darial pass . nazran in the ingush lowlands was traditionally and is now a large and important market town . the cities had substantial russian and other non - chechen - ingush population ; vladikavkaz was mixed ingush and ossetic with significant numbers of russians and georgians . ( groznyj has now been destroyed and mostly depopulated by russian bombing . vladikavkaz and the adjacent ingush lands were ethnically cleansed of ingush in late 1992 . ) all russian governments - - czars , soviets , post - soviet russia - - have used various means to remove chechen and ingush population from economically important areas and to encourage settlement there by russians and russian cossacks ; hence the mixed population of the cities and lowlands . language . the caucasus has been famed since antiquity for the sheer number and diversity of its languages and for the exotic grammatical structures of the language families indigenous there . this diversity testifies to millennia of generally peaceable relations among autonomous ethnic groups . chechen and ingush , together with batsbi or tsova - tush ( a moribund minority language of georgia ) make up the nakh branch of the nakh - daghestanian , or northeast caucasian , language family . there are over 30 languages in the northeast caucasian family , most of them spoken in daghestan just to the east of chechnya . the split of the nakh branch from the rest of the family took place about 5000-6000 years ago ( thus the nakh - daghestanian family is comparable in age to indo - european , the language family ancestral to english , french , russian , greek , hindi , etc . ) , though the split of chechen from ingush probably dates back only to the middle ages . the entire family is indigenous to the caucasus mountains and has no demonstrable relations to any language group either in or out of the caucasus . like most indigenous caucasian languages chechen has a wealth of consonants , including uvular and pharyngeal sounds like those of arabic and glottalized or ejective consonants like those of many native american languages ; and a large vowel system somewhat resembling that of swedish or german . like its sister languages chechen has extensive inflectional morphology including a dozen nominal cases and several gender classes , and forms long and complex sentences by chaining participial clauses together . the case system is ergative , i . e . the subject of a transitive verb appears in an oblique case and the direct object is in the nominative , as is the subject of an intransitive verb ( as in basque ) ; verbs take no person agreement , but some of them agree in gender with the direct object or intransitive subject . 97 % or more of the chechens claim chechen as their first language , though most also speak russian , generally quite fluently . chechen and ingush are so close to each other that with some practice a speaker of one has fair comprehension of the other , and where the two languages are in contact they are used together : a chechen addresses an ingush in chechen , the ingush replies in ingush , and communication proceeds more or less smoothly . chechen was not traditionally a written language . an orthography using the russian alphabet was created in the 1930 's and is used for various kinds of publication , although for most chechens the chief vehicle of literacy is russian . traditionally , as in most north caucasian societies , many individuals were bilingual or multilingual , using an important lowlands language ( e . g . kumyk , spoken in market towns and prestigious as its speakers were early converts to islam ) for inter-ethnic communication ; any literacy was in arabic . russian has now displaced both kumyk and arabic in these functions . particularly if the chechen and ingush economies continue to be destroyed and unemployment and mass homelessness continue to undermine the social structure , there is danger that chechen and ingush will be functionally reduced to household languages and will then yield completely to russian , with concomitant loss of much of the cultural heritage . history . the chechens have evidently been in or near their present territory for some 6000 years and perhaps much longer ; there is fairly seamless archeological continuity for the last 8000 years or more in central daghestan , suggesting that the nakh - daghestanian language family is long indigenous . the caucasian highlands were apparently relatively populous and prosperous in ancient times . from the late middle ages until the 19th century , a worldwide cooling phase known as the little ice age caused glacial advances and shortened growing seasons in the alpine highlands , weakening the highland economies and triggering migrations to the lowlands and abandonment of some alpine villages . this period of economic hardship coincided with the russian conquest of the caucasus which lasted from the late 1500 's to the mid - 1800 's . in all of recorded history and inferable prehistory the chechens ( and for that matter the ingush ) have never undertaken battle except in defense . the russian conquest of the caucasus was difficult and bloody , and the chechens and ingush with their extensive lowlands territory and access to the central pass were prime targets and were among the most tenacious defenders . russia destroyed lowlands villages and deported , exiled , or slaughtered civilian population , forcing capitulation of the highlands . numerous refugees migrated or were deported to various muslim countries of the middle east , and to this day there are chechen populations in jordan and turkey . since then there have been various chechen rebellions against russian and soviet power , as well as resistance to collectivization , anti-religious campaigns , and russification . in 1944 the chechens and ingush , together with the karachay - balkar , crimean tatars , and other nationalities were deported en masse to kazakhstan and siberia , losing at least one-quarter and perhaps half of their population in transit . though """" rehabilitated """" in 1956 and allowed to return in 1957 , they lost land , economic resources , and civil rights ; since then , under both soviet and post - soviet governments , they have been the objects of ( official and unofficial ) discrimination and discriminatory public discourse . in recent years , russian media have depicted the chechen nation and / or nationality as thugs and bandits responsible for organized crime and street violence in russia . in late 1992 russian tanks and troops , sent to the north caucasus ostensibly as peacekeepers in an ethnic dispute between ingush and ossetians over traditional ingush lands politically incorporated into north ossetia after the 1944 deportation , forcibly removed the ingush population from north ossetia and destroyed the ingush villages there ; there were many deaths and there are now said to be up to 60 , 000 refugees in ingushetia ( about one-quarter of the total ingush population ) . in developments reminiscent of today 's invasion of chechnya , in the weeks leading up to the action the ingush were depicted ( inaccurately ) in regional media as heavily armed and poised for a large-scale and organized attack on ossetians , and the russian military once deployed appears to have undertaken ethnic cleansing at least partly on its own initiative . ( my only sources of information for this paragraph are russian and western news reports . helsinki watch is preparing a report for publication in early 1995 . ) the invasion of chechnya presently underway has meant great human suffering for all residents of the chechen lowlands , including russians , but only the chechens are at risk of ethnic cleansing , wholesale economic ruin , and loss of linguistic and cultural heritage . religion . the chechens and ingush are sunni muslims of the hanafi school , having converted in the late 17th to early 19th centuries . islam is now , as it has been since the conversion , moderate but strongly held and a central component of the culture and the ethnic identity . economy , customs . traditionally , the lowlands chechen were grain farmers and the highlanders raised sheep . at the time of russian contact the lowlands were wealthy and produced a grain surplus , while the highlands were not self-sufficient in food and traded wool and eggs for lowlands grain . chechen social structure and ethnic identity rest on principles of family and clan honor , respect for and deference to one 's elders , hospitality , formal and dignified relations between families and clans , and courteous and formal public and private behavior . kinship and clan structure are patriarchal , but women have full social and professional equality and prospects for financial independence equivalent to those of men . academics , writers , artists , and intellectuals in general are well versed in the cultures of both the european and the islamic worlds , and the society as a whole can be said to regard both of these heritages as their own together with the indigenous north caucasian artistic and intellectual tradition . social organization . until the russian conquest the chechens were an independent nation with their own language and territory but no formal political organization . villages were autonomous , as were clans . villages had mutual defense obligations in times of war , and clans had mutual support relations that linked them into larger clan confederations ( which generally coincided with dialects ) . each clan was headed by a respected elder . there were no social classes and no differences of rank apart from those of age , kinship , and earned social honor . select bibliography anonymous . 1992 . ethnic cleansing comes to russia . the economist , november 28 , 1992 , p . 60 . blanch , lesley . 1960 . the sabres of paradise . new york : viking . comrie , bernard . 1981 . the languages of the soviet union . cambridge : cambridge university press . conquest , robert . 1970 . the nation killers : the soviet deportation of nationalities . london : macmillan . critchlow , james . 1991 . """" punished peoples """" of the soviet union : the continuing legacy of stalin 's deportations . helsinki watch report . new york - washington : human rights watch . friedrich , paul , and norma diamond , eds . 1994 . encyclopedia of world cultures , vol . vi : russia and eurasia / china . boston : g . k . hall & co . gamkrelidze , t . v . , and t . e . gudava . [ various dates . ] caucasian languages . encyclopedia britannica ( e . g . in 1979 edition , macropedia , vol . 3 , pp . 1011-15 ; in 1992 edition , vol . 22 , pp . 736-40 , under ' languages of the world ' ) . nekrich , aleksandr m . 1978 . the punished peoples . new york : norton . nichols , johanna . 1994 . chechen . ingush . in rieks smeets , ed . , the indigenous languages of the caucasus , vol . 4 : northeast caucasian languages , pp . 1-77 ( chechen ) , 79-145 ( ingush ) . delmar , ny : caravan books . wixman , ronald . 1980 . language aspects of ethnic pattern and processes in the north caucasus . ( university of chicago department of geography research paper no . 191 . ) chicago : university of chicago press .
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 1149,""Subject: foreign language in commercials
  
  content - length : 1937 greetings ! i ' m wondering if someone out there can identify the languages used in two recent ibm commercials . they have out a series of three ads with people in different countries talking about ibm equipment and services . one ad has two old gentlemen walking along what looks like the seine , speaking french . a second ad has two men sitting in what is apparently a middle eastern marketplace , and a third ad has nuns discussing ibm equipment on their way to mass . i assume the men are speaking arabic ( though i would be grateful to have that confirmed ) , but i have no idea what the nuns are speaking . anyone know ? i would also like to take this opportunity to thank all those who responded to my questions early last year about some french , italian and swedish expressions in some print ads . i meant to send individual thanks , but i lost the file in which i had the respondents ! please forgive me , and accept this general acknowledgment instead . if any of you who did respond would like to know more about what we did with your input , i would be glad to send you more information ( even the paper we wrote , if you want ) . thanks very much , mary ellen renryder @ idbsu . idbsu . edu
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 1150,""Subject: lists on comparative literature
  
  content - length : 616 i . m new at this list . i work at the university of coimbra and my special field is german linguistics . a friend of mine would like to know if there are any lists dealing with comparative literature . if you know something about this , please reply . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * adelaide chichorro ferreira * * grupo de estudos germanisticos * * faculdade de letras * * universidade de coimbra * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",0
 1151,""Subject: stress bibliography
  
  content - length : 1407 we are preparing a bibliography on word-level stress / accent . we are looking for ways and sources to update and correct our current file , which contains 1000 + entries . does anybody know of electronic bibliographies that are available in this field or would anyone share their own bibliographies with us ? we are currently tagging the entries for subject and language , to make searches possible . suggestions as to strategies of tagging would also be welcome . we intend to make the bibliography generally available , and will post an announcement when applicable . jeroen van de weijer and harry van der hulst please respond to vdweijer @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl
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 1152,""Subject: sum : object affixes
  
  dear linguists the time has come for me to post a summary based on replies to a query i posted a few weeks ago . this summary is rather long , and has the following structure : 1 ) the original query 2 ) acknowledgement of respondents 3 ) discussion of a few languages 4 ) general discussion 5 ) refs 6 ) outline of relevant details of roviana 7 ) summary 1 ) the query ) i am studying roviana , a western oceanic lg . there are pronominal object ) suffixes which occur on the verb indexing person , number etc . however , ) there are no affixes on the verb which would correspond to 's ubject ' ) ( however we might construe the concept ) . dixon ( 1994 ) claims that there ) are no lgs with object affixes but which lack subject affixes . does ) anybody else know of any other counter-examples ? 2 ) acknowledgements . my thanks to the following people ( listed in no particular order ) for their responses ( and my apologies if i have left anyone out ) : matthew dryer , karen wallace , mark campana , eloise jelinek , leo connolly , geoffrey nathan , johannes heinecke , malcolm ross , mark mandel , jaejung song . first , a point of clarification . by western oceanic i mean a branch of eastern austronesian . some of the replies seemed to indicate that people interpreted it to mean western austronesian . ( not that it is really important ) . some people replied with examples of languages with object affixes , whether or not the languages in question also had affixes indicating other grammatical relations . matthew dryer replied with the following list of languages which have object affixes but no subject affixes ( taken from an a database mentioned by him in language 1992 ) : africa : central khoisan ( nama ) , ijoid ( kolokuma ijo ) , gur ( bimoba ) , east chadic ( kera ) , biu-mandara ( margi , mbara ) , west chadic ( ngizim ) . eurasia : nax ( ingush ) , avaro-andi - dido ( avar ) , lezgic ( archi ) , munda ( mundari ) . se asia oceania : nicobarese ( car nicobarese ) , central-eastern malayo-polynesian ( kiribatese , ponapean , woleaian ) . north america : pimic ( papago ) . south america : warao , maipurean ( palikur ) . i have not been able to follow up on all of these refs . i have however , looked at the micronesian languages . 3 ) discussion of a few languages sohn ( 1975 ) re woleaian : object suffixes , but no affixes corresponding to any other grammatical relation . 3sg has three forms : zero and - y / - w . it seems that verbs fall in to two classes , with zero being added to verbs in one class ( many of whose members appear to have a tr suffix ) and - y / - w to members of the other class ( the choice in forms being phonologically conditioned ) . interestingly , 3pl distinguishes animate vs inanimate , whereas all other persons and numbers do not . these affixes can occur with or without an overt independent object np . these affixes occur on certain post-verbal advbs , suggesting that they might in fact be clitics . zewen ( 1977 ) re marshallese . pronominal objects immediately follow the verb . 3sg and 3pl are enclitics and undergo vowel harmony . these enclitics can co-occur with lexical np object . ' subject ' prons are all independent . groves , groves and jacobs ( 1985 ) re kiribatese . it seems from their description that the language has object suffixes but no other affixes indicating grammatical relations . however , there are things which could perhaps be analyzed as subject prefixes ( p1 08 ) . exactly which object suffixes get attached ( out of 11 classes ) seems to be lexically determined . 4 ) general discussion it would appear that there are no cross-linguistic studies of object affixes per se . some respondents questioned whether the object suffixes in roviana are really suffixes and not just clitics . they are suffixes , but even if they were n't the focus of my interest would be the same . i am focussing on two facts about roviana : ( a ) the case marking on np 's is on an ergative-absolutive basis , but the only grammatical relation indicated by verbal affixes is object . ( b ) of the object affixes , only 3pl has zero form . being functionally inclined , i am interested in finding a motivation for ( b ) . it is not simply a case of referentiality ( see the brief sketch below ) . 5 ) refs ( with diacritics mangled by the internet ) corston , simon h . 1993 . ergativity in roviana . ma thesis : auckland university , new zealand . ( to appear in the pacific linguistics series ) . groves , terab ' ata r , groves , gordon w . and jacobs , roderick . 1985 . kiribatese : an outline description . pacific linguistics , series d , no . 64 . anu printing service : anu . sohn , ho - min with the assistance of tawerilmang , anthony f . 1975 . woleian reference grammar . pacific and asian languages institute : micronesia . honoloulu : university press of hawaii . zewen , francois - xavier n . 1977 . the marshallese language : a study of its phonology , morphology and syntax . veroffentlichungen des seminars fur indonesische und sudseesprachen der universitat hamburg , band 10 . berlin : verlag . 6 ) outline of relevant details of roviana the following is a brief description of roviana based on my own field work ( corston 1993 ) . case marking on np 's is split ergative , in a typologically unusual way : absolutive is marked ( si / se ) , ergative is unmarked . pronouns , proper np 's and enumerated np 's in main clauses distinguish erg vs abs by means of special particles . all other np 's are neutral ( ie do not formally distinguish a / s / o ) . as well as using special particles , prons distinguish erg vs abs in the form of the pron . a , s and o are always specific . person object suffix 1sg - u , - au 2sg - xo 3sg - a 1pl . incl - xita 1pl . excl - xami 2pl - xamu 3pl - 0 ( zero ) these affixes are similar to or the same as various indep pronouns , e . g . compare rau 1sg xoi 2sg xita 1pl . incl xami 1pl . excl xamu 2pl but , asa 3sg abs or sa 3sg erg sarini 3pl abs or ri 3pl erg ( there is quite a story to sarini historically , see the ma ) if there is a do np , you get the affixes e . g . meke doxor-i - a ri si keke ixana and see - tr-3sg . do they abs one fish ( erg ) ' and they saw a fish . ' ( animals , 034 ) ( the paper i am writing now clarifies why i only put erg in parentheses - it is really unmarked , and you have to infer in this context that the pron = erg because there is no particle ) kote arina tie mae magu-i - 0 sarini fut pl man come carve - tr-3pl . do 3pl . abs ' the men will come and carve them up . ' ( feast , 016 ) ( them = pigs in a feast ) nb , here the do is the pron sarini . however , you can get the affixes even if there is no overt do np , suggesting that they have independent reference , e . g . ai lul-i - u mo intj follow - tr-1sg . do dt ' hey ! follow me . ' ( animals , 011 ) and the following longer example . e saimone sa tie he-hegere hoirana . pers simon def man dup - laugh there ' that 's simon , the man who 's laughing over there . ' avos-i - a xoi ? hear - tr-3sg . do you ( erg ) ' do you hear him ? ' ( day , 029-030 ) note that the suffixes do not ' index ' absolutive etc , only o . ( see ma ) roviana has case marked and quantified np 's . case ( erg , abs , obl , etc ) is indicated by articles before the np . quantifiers ( numbers , 's ome ' , ' all ' etc ) precede the head n . non - specific undergoers obligatorily occur in a backgrounded object construction . compare the following two examples . raro talo si gami cook taro abs 1pl . excl ' we cooked taro ' / ' we did some taro cooking ' it is difficult to say if ' talo ' is ' incorporated ' since there are no other indep elements assoc with the verb which ever come after . note that the backgrounded constr is intr , with no transitive marking , and with the actor as s . compare to the ' usual ' order vao raro-a gami sa talo cook - 3sg . do 1pl . excl def taro ' we cooked the taro . ' undergoers which are pragmatically backgrounded can also occur in the backgrounded object construction , irrespective of whether they are referential or not . 7 ) summary * languages with object affixes but which lack affixes indicating other grammatical relations do occur , but would appear to be uncommon . * i feel that having 3pl as the only zero form is unusual , but am unable to find a cross-linguistic study to bear this out . even so , the zero form requires a functional explanation ( cf du bois , john w . 1987 ' absolutive zero : paradigm adaptivity in sacapultec maya ' , lingua 71 : 203-222 ) . again , my thanks to those who replied . ps i should have a draft of my paper ' featuredness and core arguments in roviana ' available shortly . simon corston corston @ humanitas . ucsb . edu
 "",0
 1153,""Subject: summary of q : articles
  
  two weeks ago i posted the following query : ) a system of articles is an innovative feature of a number of languages . are ) there any examples of languages that have lost their articles ? i would also ) be interested in creoles , especially , say , if both ( all ) source languages ) had articles , but the pidgin / creole turned out lacking them . thanks to the following for responding : lars borin david gohre john e . koontz jeff marck deborah d . kela ruuskanen achim stenzel shigenori wakabayashi dave wharton of the 8 replies , only one was an actual response to my query . lars borin ( lars . borin @ ling . uu . se ) pointed out that ) finnish romani is a language which has lost its articles completely . the ) loss is almost certainly due to finnish influence , as are many other ) traits of modern finnish romani morphology and syntax . moreover , as ( colloquial ) finnish may seem to developing an article system using the demonstrative * se * ' that ' ( def . ) and the numeral * yksi * ' one ' ( indef . ) , it is interesting to note that lars has ) noticed in finnish romani texts that there are forms of the demonstrative ) pronouns 'd auva ' ( this ) and 'd ouva ' ( that ) , which are ) ( a ) reduced phonologically and indeclinable ( reduced versions of the ) nominative plural ) ; the forms are : 'd ala ' and 'd ola ' ( while the ) nominative plurals of 'd auva / douva ' are written 'd aala / doola ' ) ) ( b ) used much as spoken finnish 's e ' , i . e . perhaps representing the first ) ( or maybe second [ . . . ] ) stage in a development from demonstrative to ) preposed definite article . importantly , the definite articles used to be ' o ' ( sg masculine ) , ' i ' ( sg feminine ) , and ' e ' ( plural , both genders ) , hence nothing like the demonstrative pronouns . now , let me elaborate somewhat on my reason for inquiring into this matter . disregarding massive language contact ( i . e . """" hey , this is the way we say things around here , and you 'd better start doing so too ! """" ) and / or creolization ( i . e . """" ok guys , let 's start all over again . we ' ll begin with lexical categories , then . . . """" ) : if it were the case that there is a universal tendency that languages acquire articles , but do not loose them , then why should this be so ? if we take a configurational approach to noun phrase interpretation , we could say that articles , and hence their semantics , are associated with a noun phrase internal functional projection in much the same way as some linguists would assume an association between tense ( and other verbal inflections ) and a clausal functional projection . ( in essence , i ' m talking about some kind of a dp - analysis . ) since possible noun phrase interpretations differ minimally across languages ( i guess ) , we would then assume that in languages without articles , the functional projection associated with the semantic properties in question would have phonetically empty heads . the possible tendency of acquiring articles could then be explained as a strive to fill this / these head / s with overt elements . unfortunately , i cannot say that i so far have any reason to be convinced about this line of reasoning , but i can't see any obvious reason to give it up either . however , i am ready to be butchered . i should probably read the following references provided by john e . koontz ( koontz @ alpha . bldr . nist . gov ) ) greenberg , joseph h . 1978 . how does a language acquire gender markers ? pp . ) 47-82 . in : universals of human language , vol . 4 , ed . jos . h . greenberg , ) et al . stanford , ca : stanford university press . ) discusses evolution of gender marking from articles and articles from ) demonstratives . see also : ) greenberg , joseph h . 1981 . nilo - saharan moveable-k as a stage iii article ) ( with a penutian typological parallel ) . journal of african languages and ) linguistics 3 : 105-112 . those interested in definiteness , especially with respect to english and finnish , should consult the following work provided by deborah d . kela ruuskanen ( druuskan @ cc . helsinki . fi ) . ) chesterman , a . ( 1991 ) on definiteness : a study with special reference to ) english and finnish . cambridge studies in linguistics 56 , cambridge ) university press . it 's worth reading - i ' ve done it . 0ystein alexander vangsnes university of iceland - university of bergen oystein @ rhi . hi . is vangsnes @ foli . uib . no
 "",0
 1154,""Subject: sum : risk
  
  content - length : 15606 i was surprised to receive so many replies on my comments about """" risk """" . so far they include : alison huettner bart mathias john r . lee scott delancey deborah milam berkley tim beasley eric pederson claudia brugman martha o'kennon andrew carstairs - mccarthy sandi michele de oliveira ( trying to get sick = about to get sick ) debra r west balsa stipcevic i decided to post a summary for several reasons : 1 ) my comments made some respondents sufficiently insecure to wonder what other respondents thought . 2 ) i did n't want anyone to get the idea that my comments might represent an authoritative or majority opinion . 3 ) although i usually try to respond individually to everyone , i get tired thinking of different ways to say the same thing . overwhelmingly , but not unanimously , the respondents disagreed with me . alison huettner represents the majority response : """" funny , i have the opposite take on """" risk """" - - to me """" he risked losing the game """" sounds fine and """" he risked winning the game """" takes a little more processing . """" unusual was agreement , such as represented by tim beasley """" both sound good to me . the first paraphrases """" he ran / stood the risk of losing the game """" , """" he placed himself in risk of losing the game . """" the second , """" he placed in jeopardy . at risk . his winning of the game . """" as implied above , both sides of the atlantic want to disown me , e . g . , from bart mathias of california : """" no thoughts , but i thought i 'd report that i expected to see a . uk or . au or something in your address when i checked it after reading your message . i for one ( born and raised in california ) find """" risk winning , """" at least at the moment , causes a double-take reaction . to me it is equivalent to """" be in / put oneself in danger of . """" however , from john r . lee at an edinburgh address : """" this is interesting . i was very surprised to see """" he risked winning the game """" ! perhaps as a british english speaker ( ? ) , to risk losing the game seems a much more natural concept . """" larger context makes me think john considers himself , not me , to be the british speaker . in any case , andrew carstairs - mccarthy of new zealand made a similar comment . back on the american side , scott delancey agrees with the majority and adds some interesting grammatical comments : """" this seems * really * strange to me . my reactions are exactly the opposite of yours . a clausal complement of _ risk _ is * always * a negative and undesirable result . i can't even interpret _ he risked winning the game _ , except in some strained context in which winning would n't be a good thing . """" _ risk _ can have a positive np complement - - _ he risked his fortune _ is perfectly ok - - but not a clausal one , i . e . this could be expanded to _ he risked losing his fortune _ , but ? ? _ he risked winning a fortune _ is impossible for me . """" eric pederson and claudia brugman informed me that chuck fillmore has written a paper on """" risk """" . claudia writes : """" [ by ] sue atkins and charles fillmore which i do n't know whether they ' ve published ( or indeed finished ) yet , but they talk about these two meanings of the word in terms of the selection as complements of different aspects of the conceptual / semantic frame : one is where the desired outcome is selected , the other is where the """" collateral """" is selected . """" i have n't seen the paper yet , but it was comforting to the extent that it seems to take cognizance of my impression . however , i suspect that the """" collateral """" means a simple np expressing the desirable object , as scott allows , and not a clausal complement . thus some replies suggested that """" he risked his life """" would have to be expanded into """" he risked * losing * his life """" . i have to admit that that sounds better to me than """" he risked * keeping * ( ? ) his life """" . nevertheless , my theory is that in my rush to learn english i made the following logical leap . """" to risk your life """" is to risk something good , so you should risk """" winning t he game """" , not """" losing the game """" . risking fines , death , imprisonment and cancer were later experiences for me . i ' m quite sure """" risking life """" was the first ex pression i heard . by the way , i ' m not at all sure that i differ from others on our favorite gallicism of """" running the risk of / that [ something bad happening / will happen . """" , so that 's a different expression . i kinda doubt that genuine dialect differences are respo nsible for differences in """" risk """" - - only idiosyncratic differences in generalisations , some of which survive contradictory data learned later - - an interesting point that has been made before in language acquisition theory . among the interesting comments i received which suggest to me that relatively discrete semantic splits may result from such processes , and even become genuine dialect features is sandi michele de oliveira 's observation that in south texas the expression """" trying to get sick """" can be used for """" about to get sick """" . i wonder if """" trying to rain """" could mean """" threatening to rain """" in such dialects . of possibly different origin is the ambivalent serbo - croatian verb """" sumnjati """" ( = """" to doubt """" or """" to suspect """" ) . balsa stipcevic indicated that : """" sumnjam da je on to uradio . """" can have two meanings : 1 ) """" i suspect that he did it . """" 2 ) """" i doubt that he did it . """" here i suppose that the verb might have started off neutral to the belief status of its sentential complement , but it remains interesting that there is such a glaring pragmatic ambiguity in what a speaker might be implying . maybe english """" wonder """" is similar . """" i wonder if he did it """" . if he says he did , then the sentence would seem to suggest that i doubt it , but if he says he did n't , it would seem to mean that i doubt that . i ' m not gonna torture myself trying to figure out whether the same context - ualisation differences work for """" i wonder if he didn ' t do it """" , but maybe someone / body else wants to give it a shot . i wrote back to balsa that i hoped his comment on this verb is more generally agreed upon by serbo - croatian speakers than my comment on """" risk """" . - - benji
 "",0
 1155,""Subject: re : 6 . 185 ipa
  
  re hachek : the introduction of diacritics into czech has traditionally been attributed to jan hus , the 15th century religious reformer and martyr ( died in 1415 ) . before hus , the respective czech sounds were spelled as digraphs . alexandr rosen , charles university , prague
 "",0
 1156,""Subject: ipa vs americanist symbols
  
  i am at last drawn to reply to the debate on ipa versus ' americanist ' traditions in phonetic transcription . i was , frankly , somewhat surprised by the tone of the original submission , suggesting that the ipa 's refusal to use hachek / wedge symbols for palatoalveolars was an example of racism ( both anti - americanism and anti-slavicism , and no doubt anti - diacriticism ) . now we learn that the ipa itself is an anti-democratic conspiracy , and we need a new campaign led by american organisations to make phonetic transcription 's afe for democracy , apple pie , and the american way ' ! ? a couple of points need to made in this regard , i think . first , it is not true that the ipa is not used in north america . what we have here is maybe not euro - centrism , but phonology / dialectology centrism ! clinical phoneticians and speech pathologists in north american nearly always use the ipa ( yes : long esses / zees , jods , and the cardinal vowel system , and all ! ) indeed , some departments of linguistics / phonetics operate within the ipa tradition ( e . g . university of victoria bc ) . on the other hand , virtually all phonologists on this side of the atlantic use the so-called americanist symbols . the divide , therefore , is not as has been portrayed . if phonologists tend to use one set of symbols , and phoneticians another , is that really such a problem , as often they are concerned with different levels of description anyway ? even if phoneticians cannot agree , is this also such a problem ? can raising the fears of racial discrimination and undemocratic conspiracies really be justified over relatively trivial distinctions in symbols that anyone trained in the area knows about anyway ? the second point concerns the debate on the symbols themselves . as i have just noted , the difference between certain symbols is surely not a fundamentally important one ; but i would like to speak in defence of the ipa non-hachek versions . leaving aside the fact that these symbols do have a long history , i ( do ) feel that a unit symbol is preferably than a composite one . ( unlike the original posting , it always seemed obvious to me that the hachek symbols were s / z etc plus a diacritic ) . granted that the ipa is not always consistent on this point , a unitary symbol approach avoids confusions as to the nature of the s - s distinction . one may have to counter students ' feelings that [ s ] is really only a type of [ s ] which is reinforced by the spelling ; it does n't help if the symbol looks also like a 's ort of s ' . we might also look at the difference with [ j ] versus [ y ] for the palatal approximant . on the surface , this looks fine , as the [ y ] spelling is familiar ( but surely anglocentric , and not in line with slavic / germanic etc usage ? ) . however , this choice then leaves us with a problem for a high front rounded vowel . if we can't use [ y ] then we must resort to [ u """" ] . the diacritic [ """" ] , however , is also commonly used in many traditions to stand for centralized . this transcription also suggests that [ u """" ] is a variety of [ u ] , and that [ o """" ] is a variety of [ o ] etc . the use of independent symbols leaves open the relationship between lip-rounding and tongue position , which the 'd iaresis ' versions do not . however phonetic transcription develops in the future , let 's avoid throwing around accusations at other users or bodies . utopian schemes of universal orthodoxy in this area are surely unneccessary if not unsound . to be realistic , most ipa users ( wherever they ' re based ) are unlikely to surrender over a century 's worth of patterns of usage , and non - ipa users will be equally keen to keep to their symbolizations . let 's learn to live with this , and spend instead time on refining transcription systems ( e . g . for the transcription of atypical speech found in speech pathology clinics ) . perhaps , vive la difference is the motto to aspire to ! martin j . ball university of ulster
 "",0
 1157,""Subject: re : 6 . 199 ipa
  
  it would be nice to have true democracy when trying to reach agreement on how to use phonetic symbols , as stemburger has suggested . just as war is too important a matter to be left to the generals , so choosing a standardized set of symbols should n't be left to the phoneticians . the international phonetic association has always recognized this . it is fully conscious of the fact that ipa symbols are used by a wide variety of people . at the 1989 kiel convention , which was the first major revision for almost 50 years , there was a great deal of discussion about remembering our ' customers ' , as one phonetician put it . and ( despite comments to the contrary by participants in this discussion ) the only changes since then have been small changes that affect comparatively few users of the alphabet , largely because of the belief that it is important for the alphabet to remain as stable as possible . if stemburger would like to organize some kind of referendum , good luck to him . i note that he suggests the lsa as the appropriate body for the u . s . , although he also mentions ashla ( american speech hearing and language association ) as an interested group that has officially adopted the ipa . their membership is much larger than the lsa . the asa ( acoustical society of america ) is another group that has many members interested in phonetic symbols . the1989 ipa kiel convention was open to all , and did include members of all the organizations mentioned by stemburger , including lsa , ashla , asa , sil and others , none of the participants , of course , speaking officially for any of these organizations . the convention was also publicized in a paper in language , the only paper that morris halle and i have ever co-authored . i really do not see how we can get more international collaboration . agreeing on symbols is as difficult as getting everyone to use the same units for measuring weights and distances . in response to my previous suggestion that people interested in choices of phonetic symbols should join the international phonetic association , i have received inquiries as to how to do this . there is a form in the journal of the international phonetic association ( which members receive - - and your university library + should + take ) . but really all you need to do is to send your name and address , plus a check for $ 25 or # 13 sterling ( or request to charge access / mastercharge / visa / eurocard ) for the annual dues to : secretariat , ipa linguistics and phonetics univeristy of leeds leeds , ls2 9jt , u . k . peter ladefoged
 "",0
 1158,""Subject: re : 6 . 217 sum : multimodal references
  
  some more references on multimodal references : 1 . there 's rohini srihari 's piction project : on the web , see url : http : / / www . cedar . buffalo . edu / piction / also see : govindaraju , venu ; sher , david b . ; srihari , rohini k . ; & srihari , sargur n . ( 1989 ) , ` ` locating human faces in newspaper photographs , ' ' _ proceedings of cvpr _ : 549 - - 554 . govindaraju , venu , & srihari , rohini k . ( 1990 ) , ` ` recognizing faces in a news photo database , ' ' _ advanced imaging _ 5 : 22 - - 26 . srihari , rohini k . ( 1991a ) , ` ` piction : a system that uses captions to label human faces in newspaper photographs , ' ' _ proceedings of the 9th national conference on artificial intelligence ( aaai-91 , anaheim ) _ ( aaai press ) : 80 - - 85 . rohini k . srihari ( 1991b ) , ` ` extracting visual information from text : using captions to label faces in newspaper photographs , ' ' _ technical report 91-17 ( buffalo : suny buffalo department of computer science _ . srihari , rohini k . ( 1993a ) , ` ` intelligent document understanding : understanding photos with captions , ' ' _ proceedings of the international conference on document analysis and recognition ( icdar-93 , tsukuba city , japan ) _ , srihari , rohini k . ( 1993b ) , ` ` use of collateral text in understanding photos in documents , ' ' _ proceedings of the conference on applied imagery and pattern recognition ( aipr / spie , washington , dc ) _ , srihari , rohini k . , & rapaport , william j . ( 1989 ) , ` ` extracting visual information from text : using captions to label human faces in newspaper photographs , ' ' _ proceedings of the 11th annual conference of the cognitive science society ( ann arbor , mi ) _ ( hillsdale , nj : lawrence erlbaum associates ) : 364-371 . srihari , rohini k . , & rapaport , william j . ( 1990 ) , ` ` combining linguistic and pictorial information : using captions to interpret newspaper photographs , ' ' in d . kumar ( ed . ) , _ current trends in sneps - - semantic network processing system _ , _ lecture notes in artificial intelligence , no . 437 _ ( berlin : springer - verlag ) : 85-96 . 2 . on multimodal interfaces , see : author = """" neal , j . g . and bettinger , k . e . and byoun , j . s . and dobes , z . and thielman , c . y . """" , year = 1988 , title = """" an intelligent multi - media human - computer dialogue system """" , booktitle = """" proceedings of the workshop on space , operations , automation , and robotics , ( soar88 ) """" , publisher = """" wright state university , dayton , oh """" author = """" neal , j . g . and dobes , z . and bettinger , k . e . and byoun , j . s . """" , year = 1988 , title = """" media - modual references in human - computer dialogue """" , booktitle = """" proceedings of the seventh national conference of the american association for artificial intelligence """" , publisher = """" morgan kaufmann """" , pages = """" 819-823 """" author = """" neal , j . g . and thielman , c . y . and funke , d . j . and byoun , j . s . """" , year = 1989 , title = """" multi - modal output composition for human - computer dialogues """" , booktitle = """" proceedings of the 1989 ieee ai systems in government conference """" , address = """" george washington univ . , wash . d . c . """" , publisher = """" ieee """" , pages = """" 250-257 """" } author = """" neal , j . g . and thielman , c . y . and dobes , z . and haller , s . m . and shapiro , s . c . """" , year = 1989 , title = """" natural language with integrated deictic and graphic gestures """" , booktitle = """" proceedings of the darpa speech and natural language workshop """" , publisher = """" morgan kaufmann """" , author = """" neal , j . g . and thielman , c . y . and dobes , z . and haller , s . m . and glanowski , s . and shapiro , s . c . """" , year = 1989 , title = """" { cubricon } : a multi - modal user interface . { p } resented at the { gis / lis } ' 89 { c } onference """" , address = """" orlando , florida """" , author = """" jeannette g . neal and stuart c . shapiro """" , year = 1991 , title = """" intelligent multi - media interface technology """" , booktitle = """" intelligent user interfaces """" , editor = """" joseph w . sullivan and sherman w . tyler """" , publisher = """" addison wesley """" , address = """" reading , ma """" , pages = """" 11-43 """" } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = william j . rapaport associate professor of computer science adjunct professor of philosophy and center for cognitive science 226 bell hall | phone : ( 716 ) 645-3180 x 112 department of computer science | fax : ( 716 ) 645-3464 suny buffalo | email : rapaport @ cs . buffalo . edu buffalo , ny 14260 | web : http : / / www . cs . buffalo . edu
 "",0
 1159,""Subject: language teaching lists
  
  hi , an acquaintance of mine who is on the net , but not on the list would like to know whether there is a list that discusses foreign language teaching ( like didactic hints , textbooks , classroom materials , jobs . . - much like linguist ) . if there is , send the relevant info to : birgit roller bowling green state university e-mail : birgitr @ bgnet . bgsu . edu thanks achim stenzel
 "",0
 1160,""Subject: request for information on soundex . . .
  
  do you know of any written description of soundex code and its rules ? i ' m writing a software program to help my wife decode surnames in her genealogical research . the only description i ' ve located to date is a summary leaving lots of unanswered questions . please respond to my internet address , charlie @ dragonsys . com , as i do n't have ready access to linquist . thanks .
 "",0
 1161,""Subject: metathesis
  
  content - length : 1125 please post the following message : beth hume and i are compiling a survey of metathesis effects . we would be thankful to anyone who can send us information on the topic . please include the name of the language , a brief description of the phenomena , and references ( if available ) . respond to the following address : fparkins @ ling . ohio-state . edu thanks , frederick parkinson
 "",0
 1162,""Subject: latvian language policy
  
  i have found the topic of """" linguistic human rights violations """" particularly interesting , but i am a little confused as to what constitutes such a violation . marc picard writes , """" personally , i would hope that latvians would take any measures they deem necessary to get everybody in their country to speak their language . """" if someone were to issue such a statement about the language situation in the united states ( particularly with regards to native speakers of spanish who are residents / citizens of the us ) , i am sure that some group would throw up its arms in protest of the oppression of this segment of the population . is this what is meant by a """" linguistic human rights violation """" ? is it something more severe ? or are we looking at other countries and applying different standards than those which we apply in the united states ? mark mitton carleton college northfield , mn 55057 mittonm @ carleton . edu
 "",0
 1163,""Subject: - 0500 ( est )
  
  the intensity of recent postings on language policy left me a little worried . do these people ( i won't mention names ) also support an english - only policy for the us ? i certainly hope not . my home language is spanish , and i * would * consider it a violation of my linguistic human rights to be forced to use english in situations where doing so is required by nothing more than the law . micheal w . palmer mellon research fellow department of linguistics university of north carolina at chapel hill
 "",0
 1164,""Subject: re : 6 . 192 latvia 's language policy
  
  what about giving martin the benefit of the doubt and assume that """" russian - speaking estonians """" is a slip of the keyboard for """" russian - speaking latvians """" ? hartmut haberland
 "",0
 1165,""Subject: dick armey 's slip and correction
  
  i was curious if anyone was actually interested in verifying whether armey 's slip was actually a slip . but since someone has asked what the time delay between the utterance of """" barney fag """" and his correction : having heard a replay , i would say the delay was less than a second . imo , the utterance was definitely a slip and not a slur . other factors would support this conclusion , apart from the delay , phonology , etc . , primary among them the fact that armey is n't stupid . he 's a ph . d . in economics , and has the political savvy to get himself elected majority whip . only the politically ( or linguistically ) tendentious would be likely to assert that someone of his political skills would think it to his advantage to make such an utterance . what a shame it was to see members of this list anxious to use their professional skills ( or to abuse them ) in order to make a political point . two weeks into this discussion and only now does anyone actually inquire into the data . it makes one wonder how much linguistic research is driven by other agendas , and what the quality of that research is . . . dave wharton
 "",0
 1166,""Subject: re : 6 . 189 innateness / language & species
  
  for those interested in the language and species discussion , i should mention that i am teaching an undergraduate seminar this quarter on the very topic ( called apes and language - - covering """" what is ( human ) language ? """" """" what is american sign language ? """" and """" what is it that the trained apes can do ? """" but not the evolutionary aspects . ) if anyone would like to see a copy of the syllabus and readings , i would be glad to send one to you . rachel lagunoff ucla
 "",0
 1167,""Subject: re : 6 . 221 sum : progressive with future time reference
  
  at 07 : 39 pm 2 / 15 / 95 - 0600 , the linguist list wrote : ) date : wed , 15 feb 1995 19 : 07 : 00 - 0400 ) from : bertinet @ sns . it ( bertinetto ) ) subject : sum : progressive with future time reference ) ) some time ago i posted a query concerning the possible existence of ) languages in which the morpheme expressing the notion of """" progressive """" may ) be used with future time reference , as in english : ) - i am leaving tomorrow . ) the coexistence of progressive and a future time adverbial is the decisive ) factor . i ' m sorry i have missed the original request from pier marco . albanian seems to have the same features . the progressive is formed , for both present and imperfect past , by putting a particle [ po ] in front of the verb . the particle is the same for all the forms of the verb . examples ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 1 . how the progressive is created : ( """" po """" is equivalent to the suffix """" - ing """" in english ) a ) ai po ecte [ he - ing walk ( past imperfect ) ] b ) ne po ecim [ we - ing walk ( present ) ] 2 . not every verb can be combined with a future time adverbial ( this depends from the semantic features of the verb and from the tense - only present ) a ) po vi neser [ - ing come ( 1st person sg ) tomorrow ] b ) po shkojme pas nje ore [ - ing go ( 1st person pl ) in one hour ] if anything is not clear , please , let me know . am aleksander murzaku microlytics , inc . two tobey village office park - - pittsford , new york 14534 tel . 716 248 9150 ext . 118 fax . 716 248 3868 e - mail : amurzaku @ microlytics . com www :
 "",0
 1168,""Subject: referencing example numbers in wp
  
  since the question has been raised about how to reference example numbers in wordperfect for dos , here 's my two-cents ' worth about wp5 . 1 and wp6 for dos . in 5 . 1 , although one could use paragraph numbers , as was suggested , this precludes using them to number sections of a paper . a better approach is to use the numbering facilities for """" graphics boxes . """" like paragraph numbers , graphics boxes can be referenced by the cross-reference feature in wp . what you have to do is set equation box options so that the caption is to the left of the box ( the default is to the right ) . for phonological rules , which can be nicely formatted using the equation editor , you then create an equation box with a caption consisting of """" ( [ box number ] ) """" and go into the equation editor to write the rule . for sample sentences , etc . , the box itself is empty , but with a caption as before , and set to allow text to overlap it . you can then exit the create graphics box screen and proceed to type the examples . the numbers automatically update as new boxes are added . cross - referencing is done by assigning name to any example you want to reference ( as a cross-reference target ) and then putting in a cross-reference reference code with the target 's name . you have to generate occasionally to update the reference numbers ; they initially appear as ? . in wp6 ( which is superior for linguistics because of its support for phonetic symbols ) it 's even easier . wp6 has a counters feature ( in the character format dialog box ) . you define a counter ( i call mine example ) . whenever you want to insert an example , you type ( in the main document screen ) the open parenthesis , go into the counters dialog box , and push f8 ( or click on the increment and display button ) . this inserts two codes : one to increment the number ( this is not done automatically for user-defined counters ) and one to display it . cross - referencing is done as before . a couple of additional wp tips : - the styles feature is very useful for dealing with in-text stylesheets for journals . for any feature where journals have different styles ( scare quotes , sentence glosses and translations , in-text reference punctuation , etc . ) you assign a style . styles can be any combination of characters and codes . for each journal , you create a different style library . then , if you want to change formatting from one to another , you simply read in a different style library . - the above is too simple for bibliography style sheets , where the order of elements differs in addition to punctuation and font attribute . if you are comfortable with programming , you can write merge programs ( called primary merge files in wp5 . 1 and merge form files in wp6 ) for the different stylesheets and have a bibliography file which is formatted as a secondary merge file ( wp5 . 1 ) / merge data file ( wp6 ) , with fields for things like author 's first and last names , year , title , etc . ( include a field for type of reference ( book , article , dissertation , etc . ) since the format of the title may vary . ) this is not recommended for computerphobes , however . - lining up foreign language examples with word-for - word glosses in proportional fonts can be done using tabs , and resetting the tab stops for each example . this is easier from wp6 . 0b onwards ( if you have a mouse ) because of the ruler feature : you display the ruler and drag the tab stops , and as you drag them a dotted line extends down from the tab stop through the text so you can see exactly where you are . in previous versions , you have to go into the tab set menu and play with the tab settings by trial and error . it is even possible to put asterisks inside the space of the tab between the example number and the example . instead of tabbing , use the tab align ( wp5 . 1 ) or decimal align ( wp6 ) feature ( ctrl f6 ) . before pressing ctrl - f6 , set the """" decimal character """" to the first letter of the example ( on the other format menu in 5 . 1 and the character format menu in 6 ) . to prevent the spell-checker from stopping on words in foreign examples ( or phonetic representations , or logical formulae ) , in 5 . 1 you can use the language feature to insert a made-up language code . the spell-checker will complain that it can't find the dictionary for the language , and you tell it to ignore the language and continue checking what it can . in wp6 a block can be marked [ speller / grammatik off ] ( on the other format menu ) to prevent it from being spell - or grammar-checked . - - yehuda n . falk department of english the hebrew university of jerusalem """" live long and prosper """" - vulcan greeting
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 1169,""Subject: summary : c - insertion
  
  some weeks ago i posted a query as to whether anyone knew examples of consonant insertion to separate impermissible vowel clusters , in which the choice of consonant was not conditioned by its surrounding vowels . thanks who all those who responded . their names and e-mail addresses appear with their edited remarks . i would welcome further comments on anything brought up in this summary . reason for the query : my query was prompted by work i ' ve been doing on the czech verb system in which , in certain forms from certain paradigms , a glide / j / appears that is not present in other forms . ( since most e-mail won't support czech diacritics , i ' ll spell all czech forms phonetically . an apostrophe after a consonant indicates its palatalization . ) typical of such verbs is the verb [ d ' elat ] """" to do """" : [ d ' ela : ] """" he / she / it does """" [ d ' elaji : ] """" they do """" [ d ' elaji : c ] active participle ( plural ) in old church slavonic and in russian , this / j / appears in all persons of the present tense in related paradigms ( e . g . , russian [ d ' elajet ] """" to do """" 3rd per . sing . ) and creates a vjv sequence , which historically contracted into a long vowel in czech ( e . g . , [ d ' ela : ] ) . in most current phonological accounts of west slavic languages , such as rubach ( 1993 ) , this / j / is considered to be present underlyingly , but then needs to be deleted in almost all forms of these verbs . this representation seemed too abstract to me , and when i considered czech phonotactic restrictions ( see charts in palkova ( 1994 ) ) from an autosegmental viewpoint , it occurred to me that the / j / ( where it does survive ) may simply be inserted to break up impermissible v clusters or to prevent formation of overlong syllable nuclei . the only sticking point in this was that / j / often appears between non-high vs or vs with which it shares no obvious features . as i found out from the responses and from searching i ' ve done since , the epenthesis of consonants between non-homorganic vowels is not as uncommon as one might assume . so far , the norm seems to be that cs inserted at morpheme boundaries will be glides ( even between non-high vs ) unless there is a relic consonant that has been retained , and sometimes analogically extended , in a given environment . in all cases i ' ve found where the inserted c is a relic , that c is coronal . more data would be greatly welcome . the responses : albert ortmann ( ortmann @ sapir . ling . uni-duesseldorf . de ) mentioned several examples : english intrusive / r / , french t-epenthesis in interrogative forms , dutch insertion of / j / and / v / between non-high vs morpheme internally ( e . g . , theater [ te : ' ( j ) a : t @ r ] ; zovals [ zo : ' ( v ) als ] """" like , as if """" ) , and swiss german insertion of / n / between certain hosts and clitics ( e . g . groesser wie-n - i """" taller than - ep - i """" ) . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = subj : vowel clusters from : spscob @ main . queen-margaret - college . ac . uk from : spscob @ main . queen-margaret - college . ac . uk x - from : spscob @ main . queen-margaret - college . ac . uk ( dr james m scobbie ) some people might think that / r / sandhi in english is of the type you are looking for , but really / r / is just the consonantal glide counterpart of non-high vowels , so it 's just like finding / j / near / i / or / w / near / u / . note , however , that to avoid inserting / r / in certain socially stigmatised environments , many speakers insert glottal stop : law [ ? ] and order instead of law [ r ] and order = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = subj : c - insertion from : seegmiller @ apollo . montclair . edu ( steve seegmiller ) karachay , a turkic language , has a clear case of a consonant appearing under certain circumstances involving what would otherwise be v - v sequences . the plural suffix is - le or - la ( depending on vowel harmony ) , so that at ' horse ' has the plural atla . however , if the plural suffix is itself followed by another suffix beginning with a vowel , an - r - appears : atlari """" m ' my horses ' . ( the 1sg possessive suffix is - im / i """" m / um / u """" m ) . the - r - is clearly historical , since the karachay forms with - r - are similar to the ordinary turkish form . that is , the turkish forms corresponding to the karachay ones given above are at , atlar , atlari """" m . the thing i do n't know is whether there is motivation for postulating this - r - in the underlying form of the plural suffix or not . there are some reasons to say yes and some to say no , so i ' m not sure . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = from : gladney @ vmd . cso . uiuc . edu i do n't have references , but here are three e examples i have noticed : freebie , sukie ( a diminutive of sue ) , and the l . a . lakers . best wishes , frank y . gladney . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = from : karlrein @ aol . com subj : intrusive glides i do n't know if this is what you are looking for , but portuguese has [ y ] s and [ w ] s that come between more open final and initial vowels . in some dialects ( continental and insular ) ' na agua ' is [ n ( schwa ) + y + agwa ] . when nasal vowels are on both sides , the [ y ] is nasal . in many varieties ( all ? ) ' no ano ' is [ nu + w + ( mid-central a ) nu ] . sorry about the lack of symbols . karl reinhardt , dept . of modern and classical languages , university of houston . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = from : ferry @ cimrs1 . mnhn . fr to : jpkirchner @ aol . com for glide insertion in eskimo language you can see : jorgen rischel , topics in west greenlandic phonology , akademisk forlag , copenhagen , 1974 . insertion of nasal velar or nasal uvular to prevent the fusion of two long vowels . best regards philippe mennecier , muse ' e de l ' homme , paris = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = subj : consonant insertion picard @ vax2 . concordia . ca ( marc picard ) i think you ' ll probably find find that most cases of consonant insertionare the result of analogy . in french , for example , what should be chante-il ' is he singing ' is actually chante - t-il , the epenthetic / t / having been introduced in all first conjugation verbs through the influence of a final 3 sg final / t / in the other conjugations , e . g . finit-il , fait-il , recoit-il , etc . also , because of final consonant deletion , words like abri 's helter ' and debit came to have an identical ending . however , because so many such forms alternated with morphologically complex words ending in / t / , some original vowel-final words acquired this consonant in composition so that , for example , abriter came to replace abrier ( which is still used in canadian french in the sense of ' to cover ' ) . you ' ll also find cases like clou ' nail ' with derived forms either with or without / t / , e . g . clouer ' to nail ' vs . cloute , clouterie , cloutier . although / t / is the 'd efault ' consonant , as it were , you ' ll also find cases like joli , jolie ' pretty ' yielding enjoliver ' to embellish ' ; you ' ll also find family names like joliet and jolivet . i ' m sure you can find out more about all this stuff in mildred pope 's from latin to modern french . marc picard = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ( in this one i have edited out those of mr . alvarez 's examples containing characters that did not survive transmission . he also included an extensive spanish outline of the guajiro language and people , which i ' ll make available to those who request it . jk ) subj : c - insertion in guajiro x - from : jalvar @ conicit . ve ( jose r . alvarez ) in guajiro , an arawakan language spoken in colombia and venezuela , all the six vowels show a contrast between short and long . long vowels ( written as double vowels in the practical orthography ) and diphthongs ( written as two vowels ) behave alike for the process of consonant insertion to be described shortly . whenever the situation arises where due to morphological concatenation we have a theme ( complex or monomorphemic ) ending with a long vowel and a suffix beginning with a long vowel , an epenthetic [ h ] ( written as j ) or [ w ] ( written as w ) is inserted to break up the impermissible vowel cluster . the choice of either [ h ] or [ w ] is simply a matter of dialect differences , [ h ] being preferred by the arribero speakers and [ w ] preferred by the abajero speakers . the insertion of [ h / w ] to break up vowel clusters applies with no conditioning by the surrounding vowels , that is , it is a general and very productive process . atpanaa + ee + chi - ) atpanaajeechi or atpanaaweechi """" it will be rabbit """" ke + kii + ee-shi - ) kekiijeeshi or kekiiweeshi """" he wants to have a ( good ) head """" a + ko ' ojoo + ee + shi - ) ako ' ojeeshi or ako ' oweeshi """" he wants / wanted to embrace """" contrary to what these few examples may lead one to suspect , this epenthesis in not conditioned by the presence of a long ee in the second half of the cluster . it is simply an accident of guajiro morphology that very common suffixes have this long vowel ( - ee future , - ee desiderative , - eema apparentative , etc . ) . however , only [ w ] is used in epenthesis in certain cases . this last case is particularly important in infinitive formation . a guajiro infinitive may end with one of the six long vowels aa ee ii oo uu uu [ this last vowel is / uu / with """" umlaut """" - - jk ] or with the sequence waa . this duality in infinitive formation is directly related with the phonological structure of the stem from which the infinitive is constructed : if the final syllable of the stem is light , that is , if it ends with a short vowel , then the final vowel is lengthened ; if the final syllable of the stem is heavy ( that is , if it ends with a long vowel or a diphthong ) , then - aa is suffixed , an epenthetic [ w ] being added . the infinitives ashakataa / a = shaka-ta - aa / ( 0 = get . off - tt-inf ) """" to get off """" y cheecheewaa / cheechee-aa / ( soft - inf ) """" to be soft """" illustrate this contrast . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = thanks again to all who responded . i 'd welcome more examples if anyone knows of any . james kirchner jpkirchner @ aol . com
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 1170,""Subject: re : 6 . 249 dick armey 's slip and correction
  
  i ' m sorry if this was in the original post , but it seems obvious to me that phonological misprocessing is not the only possible type of """" slip """" we could be dealing with , indeed , i do n't know the """" speech error """" literature all that well but """" fak """" for """" frank """" seems totally out as a likely error , in my view ( has anyone looked at the phonological context ? ) . surely the suspicion must be that this is a privately used slur of representative frank that crept into public discourse - - i . e . , it was a register problem rather than a phonological one . it would seem unfortunate ( just to respond to the """" political agenda """" part of an earlier post ) if we as linguists refused to bring our competence to bear on questions such as this for fear of being """" politicized """" . mark
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 1171,""Subject: re : 6 . 249 dick armey 's slip and correction
  
  could someone provide the context for dick armey 's utterance of """" barney fag """" ? i only heard it once and did n't write it down . my impression at the time , however , was that the phonological environment did n't seem quite right for a spoonerism . one other thought : it seems that a binary opposition between an intentional slur on armey 's part and a purely phonological slip does n't represent all the possibilities . it 's certainly possible that if the string """" barney fag """" has been used often enough on capitol hill in the hearing of dick armey , he might very well have inadvertently substituted it for frank 's actual name . is n't that something that 's done all the time : accidentally saying something that one has heard recently or repeatedly . """" can't get that tune out of my head ! """" seems like a reasonable explanation for a """" slip """" that was n't a spoonerism . anything on non-spoonerism phonological slips out there that bears on this ? phil gaines
 "",0
 1172,""Subject: dick armey 's slip
  
  so dave wharton , having determined that the delay between richard armey 's """" barney fag """" remark and its correction lasted less than a second , is confident that it must have been """" a slip and not a slur """" ( presumably blameless ) , all the more since armey has a ph . d . and a wealth of political savvy and """" would not think it to his advantage to make such an utterance . """" a victim , then , of linguists with ulterior agendas . how in the in the world is one to respond to such a statement ? if wharton had made the suggestion 75 years ago you might repeat the observation that freud offered in the introductory lectures to the effect that the merely somatic or phonetic concommitents of slips can't explain why they occur when they do - - as he put it , it 's like telling a policeman that the darkness of the night and the isolation of the street have caused your purse to be snatched . what might have possessed armey , then ? the new republic has pointed out that he was one of only forty-seven members ( gingrich was not among them ) who voted against george bush 's hate crime statistics act , which allowed the government to record violence against homosexuals ; that he voted to exclude people with aids from the americans with disabilities act ; that he voted to deny government funds to groups that boycotted the boy scouts of america on the grounds of that organization 's anti-gay policies ; and that he refused to sign a voluntary statement saying that his own office did n't discriminate against homosexuals . of course the remark was n't """" intentional , """" but the evidence is pretty thick that armey harbors just the sorts of inner demons who would have been lying in wait for any breach in conscious attention . most inhabitants of the late 20th century will acknowlege some acquaintance with pesky creatures like these , and you would think that it would be only by an act of willful repression that someone could deny their existence entirely . but maybe we should give wharton the benefit of the doubt ; maybe his is a genuine victorian innocence . only , just think of it ! all those theorists arguing that we are living the twilight of modernist era , when there are still people ( with an """" edu """" in their address , yet ) on whom it has not even begun to dawn .
 "",0
 1173,""Subject: re : 6 . 249 dick armey 's slip and correction
  
  having read all of the research literature on slips of the tongue and having scanned them in both normal and aphasic corpora , i find it hard to believe that this much discussed slip was linguistic tho it may , in some sense , have been freudian . bob wachal
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 1174,""Subject: re : 6 . 249 dick armey 's slip and correction
  
  slurs . . . i mean , sirs : armey 's slip could very well have been a slip , but a slip of this sort represents a competing plan , and one can then ask , why the competing plan ? phonological similarity ( """" similarity """" being the aristotean catch-all ) [ / fraenk / vs . / faeg / ] or something more like bernie baars 's """" unintentional """" pun , clearly indicating something a bit more than raw phonological similarity . the non-phonological , competing plan notion brings up all sorts of interpretive issues concerning why armey may or may not have had something painfully abusive """" on his mind """" when he produced """" fag . """" if it had been """" on his mind , """" it was ( at that point in time during on-line speech ) not anything typically volitional and intentional . these are tricky issues .
 "",0
 1175,""Subject: nlp jobs summary
  
  a couple of weeks ago , i asked whether there is a central source of information about jobs in nlp . i received about ten responses , some of which mentioned specific job opportunities , which i passed on to my student . i am posting here a summary of the general discussion . 1 . there is a list called langage naturel ( ln @ frmop11 . bitnet ) , run by philippe blache ( pb @ harar . unice . fr ) , which may be useful . 2 . the attendance lists from acl could be helpful . 3 . mark kantrowitz at cmu has a mailing list called ai-jobs . many of the listings are in cl / nlp . he can be reached at mkant @ cs . cmu . edu url : http : / / www . cs . cmu . edu : 8001 / afs / cs . cmu . edu / user / mkant / www / home . html 4 . ken i . laws runs a for-moderate - fee mailing list called the computist 's communique . it 's a general e-newsletter for computer scientists , but includes an appendix ( of sorts ) of job ads in applied cs / ai . again , quite a few nlp ads . ken offers once-a - month freebies , and bargain subscriptions for students and unemployed members . laws @ ai . sri . com . 5 . the ( very low volume ) newsgroup comp . ai . nlang-know - rep lists jobs occasionally . 6 . the empiricist mailing list is an email-list covering corpus-based nlp , and for nlp jobs , have a look at colibri , a weekly newsletter and www service for people interested in language , logic , speech and / or information . have a look at our url : ( http : / / colibri . let . ruu . nl / ) a keyword search on """" job """" will basically yield an overview of all jobs that were ever announced in colibri , which includes all nlp-jobs we were able to find . by this message , i announce that i am going out of the employment counseling business . mark aronoff
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 1176,""Subject: sum : sign-singing
  
  a few weeks ago i posted the following query : ) here in taiwan there is a tv program in which people compete ) to see who is the best singer . there are different categories ) for different types of songs / languages , etc . , and one category ) is for """" sign singing """" . a tape of a song is played , and a signer ) signs along with the words of the song ( all those i ' ve seen ) compete were not deaf ) . i was wondering if this is common in ) other countries , and if so , what the criteria are for judging ) who is """" the best """" , and also if it is done at all by people ) who are deaf . thanks . i received a number of interesting responses : ) from jane edwards ( edwards @ cogsci . berkeley . edu ) : ) thought not pertaining to contests or even singing , for that matter , ) i saw something on pbs a couple months back which i wanted to mention . ) they showed a """" music appreciation """" class taught to totally deaf high school ) kids , in which they each were wearing pad on the back , which converts the ) acoustic output into pressure stimulation . the students were dancing to ) the music , and commenting on different types of music . they were n't ) singing / signing to it , but perhaps they could ? ) from jakob dempsey ( jakob @ u . washington . edu ) : ) one of the largest , most popular choruses in seattle regularly ) has a sign-language """" interpreter """" on stage during performances ; the ) particular one who has been doing it for a long time is not deaf ; he seems ) to also appeal a lot to the general audience with his expressive , exaggerated ) style . ) from midori yonezawa ( yonezawa @ student . msu . edu ) : ) i believe that there is a sign singing contest because music can be shared ) by everybody and it is natural to want to show different expressions each ) other . ) i learned japanese sign language in japan ( a little bit ) , and sometimes i ) practiced sign singing , too . i went to concerts where the singers were ) all professional """" shanson """" singers ( """" shanson """" is french loan into japanese ) . ) they have a concert every year for those who are handicapped , not only ) for deaf people . some singers sang with sign language at the same time as ) they sang vocally , and when the singers did n't do so there was an interpreter ) of sign language on the stage . i noticed and surprised that the ways of ) expressing by sing language are very different from each other and from ) occasions , e . g . fast / slow , soft / pressing , emotional / calm , etc , etc . . ) i also remember a tv program ( on nhk ) about equipment to help those who have ) difficulty in hearing . a technical group developed the equipment so that ) they can hear music . ) from peggy swartzel lott ( pslott @ utxvms . cc . utexas . edu ) : ) when i was a sign language interpreter and interpreter coordinator in ) san diego , california , there was quite a to-do a few years back over ) the issue of song sign . i first remember encountering song sign in ) the early to mid 70 's when a few groups of deaf performers ( i . e . ) musign ) toured the country performing popular songs in sign along ) with recorded sound tracks . later a pair of excellent performers , ) sharon neumann solow and gary sanderson , both individuals who were ) raised with deaf parents and fluent in asl , toured and performed ) songs in sign . ) ) the controversy in san diego centered on a local """" annual song sign ) competition """" hosted by the area 's rid branch , sanscrid . the ) competition was open to the public and was established both for ) a general """" deaf awareness """" activity and to raise funds for various ) purposes . prizes were given out for best individual song , best ) group , etc . the performance of the competition was quite popular ) and seemed to be growing in attendance and participation each year . ) ) a group of deaf people contested the competition on various grounds . ) the points i remember best about their objection ( because i ) personally found these issues most compelling ) were that the ) actual performances were offensive to some native signers because ) of the way putting sign to music distorted the linguistic and ) aesthetic dynamics of asl . that is , in order to make a signed ) narrative conform to the lyrics of a song , to translate it ) simultaneously with the recorded music , many grammatical patterns ) in normal signing had to be altered . often the performance bore ) little resemblance to normal signing . ) ) there was great debate for a while in the community over this issue . ) certain deaf people and many hearing interpreters and sign ) students defended the practice of song sign . some insisted that ) they be allowed to exercise their own artistic talents in playing ) with signing in this way . others felt that song sign provided an ) important bridge that enabled many uninformed hearing people to ) become aware of and appreciate the beauty of signing . the ) community was divided over the issue and eventuall y the whole ) thing was dropped . in the meantime , however , certain concerns ) of deaf people were brought to the surface and continued to be a ) source of discussion : issues about who has the right to make poetic ) use of signing and what sorts of alterations in signing style are ) acceptable to native users and which are not . i found the whole ) debate quite interesting and was genuinely convinced by the ) argument of the deaf people who were opposed to the practice . ) from richard arnold ( richard . arnold @ vuw . ac . nz ) : ) here in new zealand we have an annual new zealand sign langauge story - telling ) competition . mostly the competitors are deaf , but some codas also partipate as ) well . i have yet to see any hearing compete , however i know of some deaf for ) whom nz sign language is a second language learnt later in their adult life ) also participate . ) ) the winners are usually those who are quite fluent in nzsl . the criteria for ) judging is ( to my understanding ) as follows : ) ) - is the signing clear to the audience ? ) - does the signer get the audiences attention ? ) - is the story well structured ? ) - is the story within the time limits set ( usually 3 minutes ) ? ) - does the signer keep to the rules ? ) this usually consists of - no dirty jokes . ) - no overzealous religious contexts . ) ) the competitior must give a title to his / her story and state its type , ( ie true ) story , joke story , sad story , not true story etc . . . ) ) ) if the story exceeds the time limit a point is deducted . however the signer is ) not interrupted if he / she exceeds the limit but is allowed to complete the ) story ( unless it really is too long ! ! ! ) . ) ) sometimes , at the end the winner ( if he / she is popular with the audience is ) asked to repeat it or give another story ) . ) ) . . . sign-singing is not too common among the deaf community far as i am ) aware . it is mostly done in religious situations . i think it is n't a strong ) component of deaf culture . however story-telling is a strong part of deaf ) culture and especially of making jokes and light-hearted teasing . anyway thats ) my deaf experience here in new zealand . ) from karina bingham ( karina @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu ) : ) there is an african - american a cappella group called """" sweet honey in the ) rock """" who have a full-time signer in the group . she performs with them and ) signs her interpretations of the songs . they recently published a book ) for their 25th anniversary : ) ) reagon , bernice johnson . the long journey home . 1994 . ) ) in which the signer discusses her experiences in the deaf community and ) a deaf church ( where the congregation sang in sign ) . her parents were both ) deaf ; she is not . ) from marina mcintire ( mmcintir @ lynx . dac . neu . edu ) : ) you have inadvertently touched upon a very tender issue in the deaf ) community here in the us . first , let me say that only in the us have i ) seen this phenomenon . brits ( both deaf and hearing who work with them ) ) are confounded and amused by it . in the us , it used to be quite the ) thing to translate songs and develop routines to go with them , produce ) recitals and concerts , and the like . it arose , most likely , out of a ) strong church-related tradition of """" helpers """" for deaf people . ) ) in the last ten to fifteen years , however , deaf people have begun their ) own liberation . song - signing has been a casualty , by and large . it is ) viewed as representing one aspect of a pathological or clinical view of ) deafness , i . e . , that the worst """" loss """" resulting from deafness is music . ) this is , of course , far from the truth . and for culturally deaf people , ) music is a peculiarity belonging to the mainstream hearing world and of ) no consequence in their lives whatsoever . so * that * motive ( helping ) d / deaf people appreciate what they ' re missing ) is not acceptable . ) ) another complaint is that , by and large , translations are more ) influenced by the rhythm of the music than by any sense it might make in ) asl , presenting d / deaf audiences with nonsensical or distorted versions ) of signs and signed syntax . this arises partly , of course , out of the ) difficulty of translating any poetry into any language . ) ) worst of all , and perhaps most puzzling to d / deaf people , is the ) insistence of most song-signers on including things like """" tra la la """" or ) humming . there is * nothing * that could make less sense to a d / deaf ) audience ! ) ) i will say that i have seen some wonderful song-sign translations done , ) including some with rather elegant dance routines . sometimes these have ) been done by d / deaf people and sometimes by hearing folks . by and large , ) however , this practice is no longer an acceptable pasttime in our ) community . exceptions are made , ironically , for interpreters who work in ) theater . musical productions , because of their general inclusion of ) dance ( a more interesting visual event ) and costume / props / etc . . . are ) quite popular and well-attended ( comparatively speaking ) by d / deaf ) theatre-goers . many thanks to all those who replied . randy lapolla institute of history and philology academia sinica
 "",0
 1177,""Subject: dependency grammar : corrections , reactions , reformatting
  
  apparently i made a few mistakes in the posting about my manuscript on dependency grammar . this is curious , because i apparently got everything right on the earlier posting on the same topic to the dg and hpsg lists . at least two people have informed me that they successfully ftp-ed everything , but at least two others have had problems . the address should be : julius . ling . ohio-state . edu the suffixes . ps . gz on the file-names ( not the address ) indicate that they are compressed , so you need to uncompress them using the command ' gunzip ' . the slashes in the directory address should be ' / ' and not ' \ ' . presumably because of some sort of software error , i cannot read things in my inbox . but i put three of the reactions to my previous posting there before i had grown accustomed to this problem , so i cannot answer these directly , but will now try to do so through the linguist list . to the respondent from finland : you wanted a numerical address . it is : 128 . 146 . 172 . 200 to the respondent from taiwan ( or was it hongkong ? ) . you noted a problem with chapter 7 . the general problem has now been corrected , but there may still be a problem with one or two of the examples . if so , i can send an ascii file , as you suggested , or a paper copy of these examples , if you send me a regular mail address , but in either case you have to write to me again . i am now used to reading my mail and replying if necessary , or at least writing down the essential information , before downloading . nevertheless , i hope the compuserve people solve the problem soon . to the """" computer illiterate / dyslexic """" ( your own term ) : surely you can find someone there who is able to help you with the ftp procedure . the university you are at must have more than its share of experts in this area . but i can also send you an ascii version of chapter 1 via email , if you write to me again . for the sake of making my files more compatible with the software linguists most often use , andreas kathol has advised me to reformat my manuscript in latex . unfortunately , he does n't know where to get a latex software packet for use with pcs ( what i use ) . can anyone help by giving me a site to ftp from ? i am in the process of creating a latex version of the files . dan maxwell 100101 , 2276 @ compuserve . com
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 1178,""Subject: www page : south african conferences
  
  as part of the www pages i have prepared for the department of linguistics , university of natal ( durban ) i have included information on the following conferences which are being held in south africa this year : 1 ) the conference of the african languages association of south africa , 12 - 14 july . 2 ) the conference of the south african applied linguistics association , 9 - 12 july . 3 ) the conference of the linguistics society of southern africa , 5 - 7 july . 4 ) the conference of the south african association for language teaching , 9 - 12 july . 5 ) the english in africa conference , 11 - 14 july . the url for the departmental home page is : http : / / www . und . ac . za / ling / linghome . html you can access the list of conferences directly at the url : http : / / www . und . ac . za / ling / sa _ cnfs . html if there are any other linguistics or related conferences being held in southern africa this year which could be included in this list please let me know . rodrik wade _ _ _ rodrik wade ( wade @ mtb . und . ac . za ) web page html : / / www . und . ac . za / ling / wade post : dept . of linguistics phone : + 27 ( 0 ) 31 260 1131 university of natal private bag x10 dalbridge 4014 , south africa .
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 1179,""Subject: bisfai deadline extension !
  
  bisfai deadline extension ! the deadline for the bar - ilan symposium on foundations of artificial intelligence has been extended to february 27 . the conference itself will take place as scheduled , june 20-22 , in ramat - gan and jerusalem , israel . for more information contact : bisfai @ bimacs . cs . biu . ac . il daniel radzinski tovna translation machines jerusalem , israel dr @ tovna . co . il
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 1180,""Subject: sentence processing conference - schedule
  
  the eighth annual cuny conference on human sentence processing march 16-18 , 1995 radisson hotel , 6555 e . speedway , tucson , az sponsors : university of arizona ( cognitive science program , dept . of psychology , dept . of linguistics , dean 's office ( social and behavioral sciences ) , social and behavioral sciences research institute ) , institute for research in cognitive science at the university of pennsylvania , university of rochester . the special session on prosodic effects on parsing is sponsored by nsf . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ = = program = = thursday , march 16 registration 8 : 15 - 8 : 45 8 : 45 welcoming remarks 9 : 00 brian mcelree & teresa griffith ( u . cal , irvine ) constraints on filling gaps : a time-course analysis . 9 : 25 lewis shapiro ( florida atlantic u . ) arild hestvik ( u . of stuttgart ) & kim luscher ( florida atlantic u . ) an on-line analysis of vp - ellipsis : syntactic reconstruction and semantic influence . 9 : 50 tracy love & david swinney ( ucsd ) on the nature of the search in coreferential processing . 10 : 15 kevin peterson , anthony sanford , & linda moxey ( u . glasgow ) anaphoric reference to differentially focused subsets of a quantified noun-phrase . 10 : 40 coffee break 11 : 10 neal pearlmutter , kathryn bock , and susan garnsey ( u . illinois ) subject - verb agreement processes in sentence comprehension . 11 : 35 christine sevald and susan garnsey ( u . illinois ) safe syntax : encapsulation of number-marking information in sentence comprehension . 12 : 00 celia jakubowicz and ch . faussart ( cnrs ) agreement phenomena in the processing of spoken french . 12 : 25 janet nicol ( u . arizona ) effects of clausal structure on subject-verb agreement errors . 12 : 50 lunch break 2 : 00 don mitchell ( u . exeter ) , fernando cuetos ( u . oviedo ) , martin corley ( u . exeter ) and marc brysbaert ( u . leuven ) the linguistic tuning hypothesis : further corpus and experimental evidence . 2 : 25 edward gibson , carson schutze , and ariel salomon ( mit ) the relationship between the frequency and the perceived complexity of linguistic structure . 2 : 50 suzanne stevenson ( rutgers ) reconciling constraint-based and structure-based explanations of syntactic preferences . 3 : 15 coffee break 3 : 45 john trueswell ( u . penn ) the role of lexical frequency in syntactic ambiguity resolution . 4 : 10 curt burgess & kevin lund ( u . cal , riverside ) extraction of high-dimensional semantics from large corpora and human syntactic processing constraints . 4 : 35 uli h . frauenfelder ( u . geneva ) , alain content ( ulb , bruxelles ) , jean - philippe goldman & christine meunier ( u . geneva ) . comparative sublexical statistics : the processing units debate . 5 : 30 - 7 : 00 - poster session i friday , march 17 special session on prosodic influences on parsing ( titles to be announced ) 8 : 30 stefanie shattuck - hufnagel & alice turk 9 : 10 wayne murray & sheila watt 9 : 45 shari speer ( northeastern u ) 10 : 15 fernanda ferreira ( msu ) 10 : 45 coffee break 11 : 15 nicholas nagel ( ucsd ) & lewis shapiro ( florida atlantic u ) prosodic influences on the processing of attachment ambiguities . 11 : 45 tadahisa kondo ( ntt basic research labs ) & reiko mazuka ( duke u . ) prosodic planning while reading aloud : on - line examination of japanese sentences . 12 : 15 merrill garrett ( u . arizona ) and roger wales ( u . melbourne ) commentary and panel discussion 1 : 00 lunch break 2 : 15 cyma van petten ( u . arizona ) , jill weckerly ( ucsd ) , heather mcisaac ( ubc ) , and marta kutas ( ucsd ) the impact of working memory capacity on the use of lexical and sentence-level semantic context : event - related brain potential evidence . 2 : 40 catherine harris ( boston u ) a corpora-based approach to sense-selection and contextual integration . 3 : 05 janet dean fodor ( cuny ) , weijia ni ( haskins ) , stephen crain ( u . maryland ) & donald shankweiler ( u . connecticut ) tasks and timing in the perception of linguistic anomaly . 3 : 30 coffee break 4 : 00 kathleen eberhard , michael tanenhaus , michael spivey - knowlton , and julie sedivy ( u . rochester ) . investigating the time-course of establishing reference : evidence for rapid incremental processing . 4 : 25 michael spivey - knowlton , michael tanenhaus , julie sedivy & kathleen eberhard ( u . rochester ) visual / situational context overrides local preference in pp - attachment ambiguity . 5 : 30 - 7 : 00 poster session ii saturday , march 18 9 : 25 richard lewis ( princeton ) a theory of grammatical but unacceptable embeddings . 9 : 50 maria babyonyshev ( mit ) processing inherently and structurally cased dps 10 : 15 patrick sturt & matthew crocker ( edinburgh ) monotonic parsing and reanalysis . 10 : 40 coffee break 11 : 10 julie e . boland ( osu ) understanding how they """" saw her duck """" : homographs in coherent text . 11 : 35 a . d . friederici ( mpi and freie u . ) , a . mecklinger , k . steinhauer & a . hahne ( freie u . ) processing violations of syntactic structure versus violations of syntactic preferences : evidence from erp studies . 12 : 00 susan garnsey , neal pearlmutter , elizabeth myers ( u . illinois ) , & maryellen macdonald ( usc ) the relative contributions of verb bias and plausibility to the comprehension of temporarily ambiguous sentences . 12 : 25 lars konieczny , barbara hemforth , & christoph scheepers ( u . freiberg ) pp - and np - attachment preferences differ according to verb-placement in german sentences . 12 : 50 lunch break 2 : 00 edith kaan & laurie stowe ( u . of groningen ) non - local subcategorization violations : the effect of distance and memory span . 2 : 25 colin brown , peter hagoort , & wietske vonk ( mpi ) on - line sentence processing : parsing preferences revealed by brain responses . 2 : 50 marica de vincenzi ( national research council roma ) syntactic analysis in sentence comprehension : effects of dependency types and grammatical constraints . 3 : 15 coffee break 3 : 45 martin pickering ( u . glasgow ) , holly branigan ( u . edinburgh ) , simon liversedge ( u . nottingham ) , andrew stewart ( u . sussex ) , thomas urbach , & ashley myler ( washington and lee u . ) exploring syntactic priming 4 : 10 michael anes , fernanda ferreira , & john henderson ( msu ) parallel structure effects in reading and listening . 4 : 35 kathleen ahrens & david swinney ( ucsd ) on the integration of verbs into sentential contexts : the effect of participant-role complexity in sentence processing . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ conference organizers : janet nicol , ken forster , and merrill garrett abstract review committee : andrew barss , tom bever , tom cornell , ken forster , susan garnsey , merrill garrett , louann gerken , ted gibson , wayne murray , janet nicol , david swinney , gabriella vigliocco ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ hotel information : the conference hotel is the radisson suite hotel , 6555 e speedway , tucson , az , 85710 . tel : ( 602 ) 721-7100 reservations can be made through radisson 's national system at 800-333 - 3333 . be sure to mention the cuny sentence processing conference when making your reservations . reservations made after february 15 will not be at the conference rate . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ how to get to the conference : 1 ) landing in tucson a taxi cab from the airport to the radisson will cost about $ 20 . ( this estimate came from yellow cab ) . bus . the arizona stage coach costs about $ 10 . interested persons should collect their luggage and then go to the arizona stagecoach desk on the baggage level of the airport next to hertz car rentals . no reservation required to go from the airport to the hotel , but a reservation is required to go to the airport . a reservation may be made at the airport , or by calling the following number : ( 602 ) 889-1000 . transportation for the handicapped to and from the tucson airport is available through handicar . reservations should be made in advance ( 602 881-3391 ) . the cost is $ 25 . 00 each way . upon arrival , passengers should call handicar to verify that the flight has come in . passengers bring one other person with them at no extra charge . 2 ) landing in phoenix the arizona shuttle service is a bus service that runs from the sky harbor airport in phoenix to a location near the radisson ( 5350 e . speedway ) . the cost is $ 19 . 00 each way . departures from the airport are every hour on the half hour from 5 : 30 am to 11 : 30 pm and from tucson , every hour on the hour from 4 : 00 am . to 9 : 00 pm . the trip takes approximately 2 hours . call ( 800 ) 888-2749 for further information . 3 ) driving to tucson . coming from north or west , take the speedway exit from i-10 . coming from the east , take the kolb exit from i-10 ( exit 275 ) . the radisson is on the north side of speedway , just east of wilmot . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = pre - registration form please pre-register . fees may be paid with check or money order payable to : sentence processing conference . we urge you to pre-register as soon as possible , but will accept pre-registration through march 15 . send payment to the following address : sentence processing conference psychology 312 university of arizona tucson , az 85721 student non - student preregistration : $ 10 $ 35 on - site : $ 20 $ 40 name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ students ! there may be ( limited ) funds to assist student travel . if you are a registered student , you are eligible to receive some funding , if such funds are available . if you wish to apply , send us the following information before march 1 : your name , affiliation , year , and participation in the conference ( e . g . , you are a second author on a poster ) . your advisor should verify your student status .
 "",0
 1181,""Subject: conference call .
  
  - - - - - - - - - - - - - please post - - - - - - - - - - - - - - preliminary announcement and call for papers formal grammar barcelona august 12-13 , 1995 in conjunction with the european summer school in logic , language and information in 1995 the seventh european summer school in logic , language and information is to be held in barcelona . as on previous occasions this meeting will serve as a forum for areas including computational linguistics , formal linguistics , and the role of logic in grammar formalisms . this year the programme includes a conference on formal grammar open to all participants to present contemporary research in this domain . themes of interest include formal and computational phonology , syntax , semantics and pragmatics ; logical methods in linguistics ; and foundational , methodological and architectural issues in grammar . ten copies of anonymous abstracts of not more than 800 words ( on one two-sided sheet ) should be sent to the address below to arrive not later than april 21st , 1995 . please provide a separate sheet detailing title , author ( s ) and institution ( s ) , and address , e-mail , telephone and fax of one author for communication purposes . indicate on both the abstract and the identification sheet whether you require 20 minutes or 40 minutes for presentation . notification of acceptance will be by may 22nd . final versions of papers are to be received by 7th july for inclusion in a proceedings to be distributed at the time of the summer school . address for correspondence : committee of the esslli conference on formal grammar c / o glyn morrill departament de llenguatges i sistemes informatics universitat politecnica de catalunya pau gargallo , 5 08028 barcelona e-mail : morrill @ lsi . upc . es programme committee : elisabet engdahl , ewan klein , glyn morrill , dick oehrle , fernando pereira , carl pollard , richard sproat , susan steele , rich thomason , annie zaenen . for information about the european summer school in logic , language and information ( 14th - 25th august ) contact : esslli95 , gilcub , avda . vallvidrera 25 , 08017 barcelona ; fax + 43 3 2054656 ; e-mail : esslli95 @ gilcub . es \ documentstyle [ 11pt ] { article } \ pagestyle { empty } \ setlength { \ textwidth } { 6 . 5in } \ setlength { \ oddsidemargin } { 0 . 0in } \ begin { document } \ begin { center } \ rule { 1in } { . 01in } please post \ rule { 1in } { . 01in } \ \ \ medskip { \ large preliminary announcement and call for papers } \ \ \ bigskip { \ large \ bf formal grammar } \ \ \ medskip barcelona \ \ august 12-13 , 1995 \ \ in conjunction with the \ \ { \ bf european summer school in logic , language and information } \ end { center } \ medskip \ noindent in 1995 the seventh european summer school in logic , language and information is to be held in barcelona . as on previous occasions this meeting will serve as a forum for areas including computational linguistics , formal linguistics , and the role of logic in grammar formalisms . this year the programme includes a conference on formal grammar open to all participants to present contemporary research in this domain . themes of interest include formal and computational phonology , syntax , semantics and pragmatics ; logical methods in linguistics ; and foundational , methodological and architectural issues in grammar . ten copies of anonymous abstracts of not more than 800 words ( on one two-sided sheet ) should be sent to the address below to arrive not later than april 21st , 1995 . please provide a separate sheet detailing title , author ( s ) and institution ( s ) , and address , e-mail , telephone and fax of one author for communication purposes . indicate on both the abstract and the identification sheet whether you require 20 minutes or 40 minutes for presentation . notification of acceptance will be by may 22nd . final versions of papers are to be received by 7th july for inclusion in a proceedings to be distributed at the time of the summer school . address for correspondence : committee of the esslli conference on formal grammar \ \ c / o glyn morrill \ \ departament de llenguatges i sistemes inform \ ` { a } tics \ \ universitat polit \ ` { e } cnica de catalunya \ \ pau gargallo , 5 \ \ 08028 barcelona \ \ e-mail : { \ sf morrill @ lsi . upc . es } programme committee : elisabet engdahl , ewan klein , glyn morrill , dick oehrle , fernando pereira , carl pollard , richard sproat , susan steele , rich thomason , annie zaenen . for information about the european summer school in logic , language and information ( 14th - 25th august ) contact : esslli95 , gilcub , avda . vallvidrera 25 , 08017 barcelona ; fax + 43 3 2054656 ; e-mail : { \ sf esslli95 @ gilcub . es }
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 1182,""Subject: sum : verbal / pronominal feature differences
  
  earlier this month i posted the following query : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = what languages ( if any ) do people know about , where there are distinctions carried in the verbal morphology which cannot be indicated in the pronominal system ? ( for example , if a language expressed gender differences in the verbs , but not in pronouns ) . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the following people very kindly replied with various pieces of very useful information : antton elosegi aldasoro ( fvpelala @ sd . ehu . es ) ariel mira ( mariel @ ccsg . tau . ac . il ) """" ellen l . contini - morava """" ( elc9j @ faraday . clas . virginia . edu ) simon corston ( corston @ humanitas . ucsb . edu ) brian d joseph ( bjoseph @ magnus . acs . ohio-state . edu ) june wickboldt : jwickbol @ ucs . indiana . edu here are the replies : the two most promising examples of what i was asking about come from basque and hebrew , where the pronominal and verbal systems do not match for gender : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - antton elosegi aldasoro ( fvpelala @ sd . ehu . es ) in basque there is not gender at all in nouns or pronouns , but some verbal forms carry the distinction of the gender of the 2nd person nik ekarri diat nik ekarri dinat i ( erg ) give it to you-masc i ( erg ) give it to you-fem antton elosegi ( university of the basque country ) ariel mira ( mariel @ ccsg . tau . ac . il ) in my own hebrew """" normal """" verbal inflections ( past and future ) distinguish person gender and number in 2nd and 3rd persons , but only number in 1st person . so far so good , because so does the free pronominal system . however , our now present tense is morphologically a nominal form ( for eg . holexet = ' walk ( fem ) ' as well as ' walker ( fem ) ' . now , our nominal forms , having nothing to do with pronominal forms inflects for number and gender , but does not distinguish persons . the result is that now 1st person present inflection distinguishes between fem and masc though the independent pronoun does not . modern hebrew is losing some gender distinctions too ! 1 . future tense 3rd pers plural : fem form is hardly ever used . even the purist language academy has """" abolished """" the form . ( we do n't seem to ever have had it in past tense ) . 2 . in colloquial speech , the same is happening to 2nd person , no doubt because the 2nd and 3rd person plural fem forms are identical ( though not the masc ones they have converged with ) . 3 . this needs to be checked ! the free plural feminine pronoun , as well as past inflections of same seem to me to be shaking . but real data has to be recorded for this , so do n't make much of this . i wonder whether mixed forms are possible , namely , you-fem go + masc , etc . * and on a more theoretical note * : hopefully you will find very few examples for what you are looking , because i believe ( what others have been saying for about a hundred years ) that inflections tend to develop out of free pronouns . hence , the dependence between the meanings encoded , though there is no principled reason for the inflection to change later , i guess . it is really unlikely , though , because once the form is inflected , fused with the verb , chances are it won't develop its separate semantics . if you ' re interested in theories about the development of inflection out of pronouns , i have my own , which accounts for the well-known fact that inflections for 1st and 2nd person are much more prevalent than 3rd person . i claim this is so not because 3rd person is unmarked , but rather , since referents of 3rd person are usually much less accessible than referents of 1st and 2nd person ( the speaker and the addressee ) . minimal forms are reserved for more accessible referents ( in general ) , hence inflections are the natural development out of free pronouns for highly accessible antecedents . you can have a look at my book ' accessing np antecedents ' , routledge , 1990 , chapter 6 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the following two respondents quote cases where logophoric and obviative marking occur attached to the verb rather than to the pronoun to which they refer . to me , it seems that these particles are not inflections as such , though i am not sure exactly how i would classify them . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - june wickboldt : jwickbol @ ucs . indiana . edu some languages having logophoric reference mark the reference with verbal affixes , not pronouns or pronominals . two are newari , see karen ebert . 1986 . reported speech in some languages of nepal . in f . coulmas ( ed . ) direct and indirect speech , berlin : mouton de gruyter , and gokana , see hyman , larry m . and bernard comrie . 1981 . logophoric reference in gokana . journal of african languages and linguistics . 3 : 19-37 . brian d joseph ( bjoseph @ magnus . acs . ohio-state . edu ) the algonquian language cree , spoken in canada , has a category known in the literature as """" obviative """" , which provides a way of distinguishing between different third-persons in a discourse ( the first one mentioned is """" proximate """" , and the next one mentioned is """" obviative """" , so cree can distinguish unambiguously between """" john met bill as he was walking down the street """" where rhe """" in english can refer to either john or bill - - in cree it would be unambiguously one or the other ) . for the most part , and this is where it is relevant to you , this marking shows up on the verb ( thus the verb form in the above sentence would be different if it was john walking or bill walking ) ; nouns can show obviative / proximate marking ( though one class , the so-called """" inanimate """" nouns do not ) , and there are proximate and obviative forms of demonstrative pronouns , but not of the personal pronouns . thus """" wi : ya """" is ' he / proximate ' as well as ' he / obviative ' . pronouns are not usually expressed in cree , but if you just look at the personal pronouns , then cree would be a language of the sort you were looking for . for that matter , these facts are similar in virtually all the algonquian languages , so it is n't just cree . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - finally , two respondents noted that independent pronouns are not necessarily marked for case in the same way as pronominal affixes . such phenomena do not seem rare to me ( e . g . arabic does the same ) . i am assuming then that such cases are not marked . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - """" ellen l . contini - morava """" ( elc9j @ faraday . clas . virginia . edu ) in swahili part of the verb morphology is subject and object prefixes , that signal info . about participant role with respect to the action of the verb . this distinction is not made among independent pronouns , which distinguish only person and number . but since the subject and object prefixes in swahili are often called """" pronominal """" , i do n't know if this counts as a distinction that can't be made by pronouns . simon corston ( corston @ humanitas . ucsb . edu ) in my ma , in press in the pacific linguistics series from anu , i discuss ' ergativity in roviana ' . roviana has special pronominal forms used for absolutive ( s ( 's ubject of intr ' ) or o ( ' object ' ) ) , and different forms for a ( 's ubject of tr ' ) . the pronouns make distinctions in person , number , and incl / ecl for 1pl . there are pronominal verbal affixes on the verb which are always only o . i . e . whereas the independent prons do n't distinguish s / o , the pronominal affixes do . somewhere around here i have a brief sketch of roviana which i have been sending to people . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i found everything very interesting , and am happy to receive any more info on my query above . thanks again to those who responded ! maik gibson university of reading
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 1183,""Subject: conference announcement
  
  content - length : 7567 2nd international conference on communication in the workplace local diversity , global connections : communication , culture and business the national languages and literacy institute of australia 's centre for workplace communication and culture at the university of technology , sydney and james cook university of north queensland , together with the national centre for english language teaching and research at macquarie university plan to present the second international conference on communication in the workplace at the wesley centre , sydney on november 8-11 , 1995 . the focus of the conference is local diversity , global connections : communication , culture and business . the conference will be divided into three interconnected themes , one theme on each of the three days . participants will be able to explore areas of special interest within and across each theme . also featuring are case studies including adi marine , infolex pty ltd , optus , selleys , uncle toby 's company ltd . below is an outline of the themes . day 1 globalisation and productive diversity globalisation : what are the new frontiers ? crossing borders and removing boundaries in the current global environment . developing cross-cultural communication skills for global corporate citizens . international business cultures : how do different national styles influence organisations ? negotiating new ways of doing business and managing human resources . total quality management and benchmarking : what do we mean by quality ? or how can the notions of quality and standards allow for difference ? balancing different interpretations of quality with the need to conform to international / australian standards . putting diversity to work : what are the benefits ? tapping into the diverse skills of employees . recognising the depths and breadth of employees ' language skills , experiences , cultural styles and ways of thinking . the language of exporting : how do we market the new global growth industries ? exporting services ( education , languages , tourism , information , arts , etc . ) to the asian pacific region and beyond . day 2 learning organisations - negotiating workplace cultures corporate cultures : how do you link personal values with corporate missions ? creating corporate cultures which allow and value differences . working in teams : which teams work and under what circumstances ? recognising different types of teams ; valuing different skills and strategies . national competencies and multiskilling : how do you recognise , compare and complement different skills and experiences ? linking education , work and community . learning and demonstrating competence in new and flexible ways . creating learning environments : under what conditions does learning thrive ? responding to community and individual needs in flexible ways . enterprise bargaining : how do you cater for differences ? learning to develop new workplace relationships . day 3 communicating and managing change communicating corporate information : what are the implications for employee participation ? developing efficient and effective communication systems . working with formal and informal modes of communication . informal and interpersonal communication : how does the way we speak and write influence working relationships and relationships with clients ? relating effectively to people . working together : how can we gain access to the language and cultural skills of a multicultural workforce ? recognising and utilising the language skills of the workforce . ( languages other than english , specialist languages , community communication networks . ) the language of marketing : how do we meet the needs of a diverse clientele ? speaking the customer 's language , niche marketing , networking and building customer relations . interactive multi-media and new information technologies : what are the implications for the way we work , learn and communicate ? managing new communications media as forms of language and cultural interaction . alternative formats , maximising participation one of the objectives of the second international conference on communication and culture in the workplace is to encourage greater participation than usually occurs at conferences . to make this possible , the conference has a number of new presentation formats , as well as the more conventional formats . - plenary presentations ( 30 mins ) where invited key experts introduce the conference themes and state-of - the-art approaches . - plenary multilogues ( 90 mins ) where an expert panel debates an issue and then opens the discussion to the audience . - small group multilogues ( 45 mins ) where you introduce a controversial proposition related to the conference themes / panel debates and open it up for further discussion in a small group . - reflections on practice ( 45 mins ) where managers , trainers , workers , trainees , teachers , administrators , community educators ' walk through ' their experiences , their practices , their community involvements , their learning-on - the-job . - engagements with practice ( 90 mins ) where presenters actively engage their audiences in activities or experiences derived from their work and interests : management processes , training activities , planning processes , client relations or marketing , evaluation . - workshops - in - partnership ( 90 mins ) where people present in partnership . partners might include : trainers , researchers , managers , administrators , business people , members of the community . workshops require active engagement of the audience in a learning experience . - paper presentations - in - partnership ( 45 mins ) a shorter version of the workshop - in - partnership , but with more of a 's how and tell ' approach , allowing 15 mins for audience questioning . - workshops ( 90 mins ) where you lead a group through a series of experiences / activities which illustrate an idea or a practice . - papers ( 45 mins ) where you present from a prepared paper to a group about your experience or your research , leaving about 15 minutes for questions and discussion . sessions will be taped , and tapes available for sale . written papers , background information on sessions , overhead transparencies etc . will be lodged with the conference secretariat and available for sale in photocopied form . the conference is expected to attract about 500 local and international participants including employers , unions , academics , industry trainers and language teachers . it will provide an opportunity for people to engage in a dialogue about the latest ideas on organisational change , communication and culture . for further information contact the nllia centre for workplace communication and culture , university of technology , sydney . po box 123 , broadway , new south wales , 2007 , australia . tel : + 61 2 330 3926 . email : d . brosnan @ mailbox . uts . edu . au
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 1184,""Subject: call for papers : iii national linguistics conference ( mexico )
  
  * * * call for papers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * iii national linguistics conference october 16-18 , 1995 puebla , mexico the asociacion mexicana de linguistica aplicada ( amla ) and the universidad autonoma de puebla , with the participation of various other mexican institutions , are sponsoring the iii national linguistics conference to be held from the 16th to the 18th of october in puebla , pue . ( mexico ) . the congress is of necessity broad in scope since we want it to be a forum for all the linguistic research being carried out in mexico ; therefore papers are invited in all areas of linguistics ( theoretical , descriptive or applied ) as well as the inter-disciplines . however , we particularly welcome papers relevant to the mexican linguistic and sociolinguistic situation ( for example , theoretical or descriptive papers on any variety of spanish or of other languages spoken in mexico , issues of bilingualism and language contact , issues of language standarization , planning and policy ) . in addition to the regular sessions , papers are also invited for a special session on pragmatics which is being organized in preparation for the 5th international pragmatics conference which will be held in mexico city in 1996 . abstracts abstracts are invited for a 20 minute presentation followed by a 10 minute discussion period . requirements for abstracts : abstracts should be anonymous , clearly titled and 300-500 words in length . on a separate page or 3x5 card you should include the following information : 1 ) name , 2 ) title of paper , 3 ) affiliation , 4 ) mailing address , 5 ) e-mail address , 6 ) phone number . abstracts must be received by april 30 , 1995 . mail three copies to the following address : iii congreso nacional de linguistica icsyh - uap maximino avila camacho 208 72000 puebla , pue mexico or send an e-mail submission ( plain ascii ) to : coniii @ siu . cen . buap . mx notification of acceptance will be mailed out in the third week of june . registration fees : pre-registration registration ( paid before september 30th ) ( after september 30th ) general : us $ 25 . 00 us $ 50 . 00 amla members : us $ 15 . 00 us $ 30 . 00 students : us $ 10 . 00 us $ 20 . 00 time schedule : april 30 , 1995 : abstract due june 26 , 1995 : notification of acceptance sept . 30 , 1995 : pre - registration deadline october 16 , 1995 : final manuscript due - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + for further information please write to : rosa graciela montes chair , organizing committee apdo . postal 1356 72001 puebla , pue mexico rmontes @ cca . pue . udlap . mx rmontes @ siu . cen . buap . mx information about accomodations and directions to the conference will be sent in a subsequent message . amla ( asociacion mexicana de linguistica aplicada ) is an affiliate of aila ( international association for applied linguistics )
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 1185,""Subject: german text corpora / noun taxonomy
  
  dear linguists , i am looking for german text corpora , particularly corpora that contain parsed ( or at least partially parsed ) sentences . i am also looking for databases containing information about synonymy and hyponymy relations between german nouns or other information which could be usefull to build a classification taxonomy for german nouns . thank you for help . andreas wagner
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 1186,""Subject: t id ( aa29536 @ julius . ling . ohio-state . edu ) ; tue ,
  
  21 feb 95 10 : 05 : 20 est does anyone know of a language with the phonotactic patterns listed below ? if so , we 'd appreciate hearing about it . a language which does not allow complex onsets of the type liquid + glide , but does allow other types of onset clusters , e . g . nasal + glide . and / or a language which does not allow complex codas of the type glide + liquid , but does allow other types of coda clusters . thanks , beth hume : ehume @ julius . ling . ohio-state . edu david odden : david _ odden @ osu . edu
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 1187,""Subject: query : fonts
  
  i am preparing a long overdue faq about fonts . if you have any information about fonts for the ibm or mac please send it to me at rreck @ emunix . emich . edu and i will see that the information is made availible to the list .
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 1188,""Subject: celtic languages learning conference
  
  content - length : 3830 the 1995 conference of the north american association for celtic language teachers : saturday , 25 march 1995 krieder hall san rafael building glendale community college 1500 n . verdugo road glendale , ca 91208 glendale is a suburb of l . a . and the college is accessible north from the 134 fwy or west of the 2 fwy . it 's about 45 minutes from lax . note that there is free parking behind the college near the corner of verdugo and mountain avenue . the proposed schedule reads as follows : 9 : 30am sign in , 10 : 00-12 presentations , 12 - 1pm lunch ( various restaurants are across the street from campus ; the cafeteria will be closed as this will be during spring break ) , 1 - 3 presentations , 4pm closing , 6pm executive committee meeting . naaclt ' 95 will prove to be a day full of thought provoking presentations and an excellent opportunity to meet with other celtic language teachers . the program presently stands as follows : student motivation through journal writing in modern irish roslyn blyn ( university of pennsylvania ) dialects , speech communities and applied linguistics : a realistic approach to the teaching of irish in non-irish speaking areas james j . duran ( loyola marymount university ) teacher certification and less commonly taught languages thomas w . ihde ( bergen community college ) medieval welsh in the mid-pacific : the worksheet as interactive kathryn klingebiel ( university of hawaii - manoa ) computing in irish john t . mccranie ( san francisco state university ) the world wide web for welsh : the world ' s largest welsh classroom mark nodine and briony williams irish language oral assessment test beth ellyn o'mullan ( rutgers university ) , liam guidry and breanda / n mac liam ( brookdale community college ) celtic """" mini-courses """" zev bar - lev ( san diego state university ) call with methodical explanations gearo / id o / ne / ill and annette mcelligott ( university of limerick ) marketing a second language : the case of the scottish gaelic learning revival in ontario kara smith ( university of western ontario ) video in the irish language classroom nancy stenson ( university of minnesota ) the conference pre-registration fees are : naaclt member $ 10 , non - member $ 15 , membership & conference $ 25 ( $ 20 for students ) . ( normal membership fee is $ 15 / yr , $ 10 / yr for students ) . after 1 march 1995 the conference fees will increase by $ 5 . all concerns should be addressed to john t . mccranie at the department of computer science , san francisco state university , 1600 holloway avenue , san francisco , ca 94132 or jtm @ futon . sfsu . edu . here are some local hotels . there are several near hollywood - burbank airport ( about 17 minutes away ) , among them ramada inn , 2900 north san fernanado road , burbank 818-843 - 5955 ; holiday inn , 150 e angeleno ave , burbank 818-841 - 4770 ; and travelodge , 112 n . hollywood way , burbank 818-845 - 2408 . a little closer ( about 10 minutes away ) and with fewer frills are astro motel , 326 e . colorado blvd , glendale 818-246 - 7401 ; econo lodge , 1437 e . colorado blvd , glendale 818-246 - 8367 ; and best western , 123 w colorado blvd , glendale , 818-247 - 0111 .
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 1189,""Subject: sum / qs : first names
  
  content - length : 2926 from wilma elsing , snail-mail elsingw @ jet . let . vu . nl dear linguist - ers ! about a week ago , i sent a query to the list , asking people to help me with the first names of authors which are mentioned in one of the papers in the book on sla research my supervisor ( prof . dr . peter jordens ) is editing . thanks everyone who took the time to respond to my query ! ( untill today i . e . bill croft , geert verleyen , shanley allen , larry trask , julia s . falk , bernd moebius , brian joseph , alice faber , peter j . bailey , stefanie jannedy , james j . jenkins , udo fries , steve harlow , michael job ) most of the ' blanks ' are filled in by now : bailey , peter cherry , e ( dward ) colin cruse , d ( avid ) alan siqueland , einar r . vigorito , james syrdal - lasky , ann polka , linda roach , daniel sendlmeier , una m . zlatin , marsha koenigsknecht , roy there are only four ' problems ' left ; we would be grateful if anyone could help us 's olve ' them ! ( if you know one or more names , please respond directly to me : elsingw @ jet . let . vu . nl ) these are the names we are still looking for : missler , r . missler , r . ( 1986 ) , """" analytic and synthetic cognitive functioning : a critical review of evidence bearing on field dependence """" , journal of research in personality 20 : 1-33 . rounds , p . l . burmeister , hartmut & p . l . rounds ( eds ) ( 1990 ) , proceedings of the 10th meeting of the second language research forum , i . eugene , or : department of linguistics and american english institute , university of oregon . doron , s . doron , s . ( 1973 ) , reflectivity - impulsivity and their influence on reading for adult students of esl [ unpublished paper , university of michigan , ann arbor kachroo , j . n . kachroo , j . n . ( 1962 ) , """" report on an investigation into the teaching of vocabulary in the first year of english """" , bulletin of he central institute of english 2 : 67-72 . there are two more questions i would like to ask : * does anybody know whether the following book has already appeared ? strange , winifred ( in press ) , speech perception and linguistic experience : theoretical and methodological issues in cross - language speech research . timonium , md : york press . * we do n't have the following book in the libraries , therefor we are not able to find the page-numbers of the following article : rizzi , luigi ( 1978 ) , """" violation of the wh-island constraint in italian and the subjacency condition """" in : colette dubuisson , david lightfoot , yves charles morin ( eds ) ( 1978 ) , montreal working papers in linguistics ii . montreal : l ' association linguistique de montreal , canada , p . . . . - . . . . thanks again for your help ! wilma elsing ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ drs . wilma elsing free university dept . of applied linguistics de boelelaan 1105 1081 hv amsterdam tel . : + 31 20 4446410 mail : elsingw @ jet . let . vu . nl ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
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 1190,""Subject: about e . h . tuttle ( sumary )
  
  some weeks ago i posted a query about e . h . tuttle . thanks to : pier marco bertinetto karl v . teeter julia s . falk jane edwards my best regards . here are the references i received : + edwin hotchkiss tuttle ( 1879 - ? ) : 1 ) autor of : _ dravidian developements _ , philadelphia : linguistic society of america , 1930 . 2 ) foundation member of the linsuitic society of america ( in 1925 ) . + e . h . tuttle and co . : publisher located in tokyo and vermont , specialized in books on japan . existed at least into 1960s . + e . h . tuttle was probably a e . f . tuttle 's ( professor in romance linguistic , ucla ) relative . xulio sousa department of galician language university of santiago de compostela galicia spain e-mail : fgxsousa @ uscmail . usc . es
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 1191,""Subject: addendum to coston 's object affixes
  
  in his summary of object affixes ( linguist list : vol-6 - 235 . fri 17 feb 1995 ) , simon corston observes : languages with object affixes but which lack affixes indicating other grammatical relations do occur , but would appear to be uncommon . that , however , really depends on what we mean by object affixes ( and subject affixes for that matter ) . so - called subject and object affixes fall into three types : ( i ) nonreferential / nonanaphoric agreement markers ; ( ii ) ' functionally ambiguous ' agreement markers ( i . e . functioning as both nonreferential / nonanaphoric agreement markers and anaphoric / referential markers depending on the context ) ( bresnan and mchombo 1987 ) ; and ( iii ) anaphoric or referential markers . the nuclear micronesian group provides an interesting case for the foregoing distinction . for instance , in woleaian , the subject markers are independent words , whereas the object markers are suffixes . but they are both functionally ambiguous agreement markers . in kusaiean , the subject and object markers are also independent words and suffixes , respectively . but they are all referential pronouns . for more detailed discussion of the nuclear micronesian languages see my paper : ' the verb - object bonding principle : with special reference to nuclear micronesian languages ' ( see refs below ) . if the complexity in subject and object affixes ( viz . the three types mentioned above ) is disregarded , probably corston 's observation may hold . but if only anaphoric / referential subject and object markers are taken into account , it may be a different story . in fact , in the same paper i have used a small convenience sample of 40 languages to ascertain whether the verb - object bonding principle ( as proposed in tomlin 1986 : ' a transitive verb and its object form a more cohesive , unified syntactic and semantic whole than do a transitive verb and its subject ' ) is evident in the pronominal system as well : e . g . object pronouns are more tightly bonded to the verb than subject pronouns are . the upshot of this investigation is that object pronouns ( e . g . affixes ) are more tightly bonded to the verb than subject pronouns ( e . g . independent words ) . this suggests that insofar as referential / anaphoric markers are concerned , ' languages with object affixes but which lack affixes indicating other grammatical relations ' may be crosslinguistically common , rather than uncommon . refereneces bresnan j . and s . mchombo 1987 . topic , pronoun , and agreement in chichewa . language 63 : 741-782 . givon , t . 1976 . topic , pronoun , and grammatical agreement . in subject and topic , ed . by c . n . li , pp . 149-188 . new york : academic press . tomlin , r . s . 1986 . basic word order : functional principles . london : croom helm . song , j . j . 1994 . the verb - object bonding principle : with special reference to nuclear micronesian languages . oceanic linguistics 33 . 2 ( in press ) . jae jung song university of otago new zealand
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 1192,""Subject: asl dictionary on cd-rom
  
  my recent query concerning the new american sign language ( asl ) dictionary on cd-rom generated a substantial response , both from this list and from slling - l . i have summarized the main points of these responses below . please bear in mind that i have not seen the products in question . the dictionary reviewed on pbs is the american sign language dictionary on cd-rom by martin sternberg and is distributed by harpercollins . the following is the positive point that recurs in people 's messages : - - it is at the moment the only published asl dictionary that includes motion videos of asl signs , which serves to disambiguate unclarities in printed representations . the following are the negative points that recur in people 's messages : - - the dictionary is based too heavily on english , being essentially an english - to - asl dictionary . this both makes it hard ( at times , impossible ) to get an idea of the internal structure of the asl lexicon , and makes it less useful to native signers . ( there is , however , some categorization into semantic groups . ) there are also more specific problems arising from the failure to make asl distinctions that are not made overtly in english ( e . g . english """" lecture """" is used as a headword , while the asl equivalent is specifically a verb , not a noun ; classifiers are almost completely omitted ) . - - the dictionary is based on sternberg 's book-form dictionary of the early 1980s , and fails to take account of recent developments in the study of asl . - - there may be technical quality concerns , but since i have n't seen the product i ' m not in a position to judge . it seems to work better on more modern machines , and the mac version seems to work better than the windows version . alternatives : the following other cd-rom asl dictionary projects were drawn to my attention : - - multemedia dictionary of asl ( mm-dasl ) , release planned for summer of 1995 . this dictionary is based generally on the work of william stokoe ( who is involved in the project ) . it allows direct lookup of asl signs , incorporates recent linguistic work on asl , and is assisted by a panel of native asl users . for details , please contact sherman wilcox , university of new mexico ( wilcox @ mail . unm . edu ) . - - asl dictionary on cd-rom developed by dennis cokely at linstok press , 4020 blackburn lane , burtonsville , md 20866 , and alpha and beta tested by ken rust at madonna university , who should be contacted for further details ( rust @ smpt . munet . edu ) . thanks to : jacqueline anderson , nancy frishberg , marian macchi , mark a . mandell , joyce mcdonough , chris miller , karen mistry , becky moreton , cindy neuroth - gimbrone , steve seegmiller , mark seidenberg , barbara sensiba , dan slobin , leslie h . stennes , sherman wilcox , and the authors of the many messages that were forwarded to me from slling - l . - - bernard comrie dept of linguistics gfs-301 tel + 1 213 740 2986 university of southern california fax + 1 213 740 9306 los angeles , ca 90089-1693 , usa e-mail comrie @ bcf . usc . edu
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 1193,""Subject: query on physical appearance of words
  
  content - length : 1535 we are a group of environmental scientists who have been pondering a question . has anyone done research on emotional responses to the * physical appearance * of words or groups of letters ? for example , ' toxic ' , 'd ioxin ' or the ' oxi ' combination . why do people have a fear of 'd ioxin ' but not ' furan ' ( another toxic chemical ) . obviously , some reaction is created by the media , but is there something else involved ? do certain combinations of letters ( e . g . ' oxi ' ) elicit an emotional response ? has anyone done research on this , or know of anyone involved with psycholinguistics or semiotics who might be familiar with this topic ? will summarize for list . thanks for any assistance . joyce lundstrom epidemiologist eti 600 stewart st , # 700 seattle , wa 98101 etilib @ halcyon . com
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 1194,""Subject: shanghaihua speakers wanted
  
  content - length : 967 i am looking for speakers of shanghaihua who would be willing to answer a short questionnaire about the uses of shanghaihua and putonghua in shanghai . please contact me at awilliam @ reed . edu thanks for any assistance , ashley williams
 "",0
 1195,""Subject: discontinuous constituency
  
  i am currently reviewing literature on the subject of discontinuous constituency and would like to get my hands on work that : 1 ) discusses some of the larger theoretical issues at stake , and / or 2 ) uses the notion of discontinuous constituency to describe languages other than english ( e . g . , amy dahlstrom 's article on discontinuous constituents in fox ) . if anyone could point me towards some references , i would be greatly appreciative . sincerely , stuart robinson reed college
 "",0
 1196,""Subject: interim summary : anthropoid linguistic ability
  
  in linguist 5-1467 ( 18 dec . 1994 ) , i posted the following query : ) douglas h . chadwick , in his review of kanzi : the ape at the brink of the ) human mind , by sue savage - rumbaugh and roger lewin ( nytimes book review , ) dec . 11 , 1994 , pp . 15-19 ) , says , ) ) ) . . . this goes a long way toward countering the complaint that language - ) ) using apes are merely responding to cues from researchers or , at best , ) ) learning rote behavior to get rewards without really comprehending the ) ) meaning of the words they employ . . . . part of the problem is that the ) ) authors are playing by rules laid down by their critics . it was rene ) ) descartes . . . who fashioned the longstanding paradigm of animals as ) ) automatons [ sic ] , incapable of doing anything other than mindlessly ) ) responding to whatever forces impinge on them . descartes insisted that ) ) animals cannot even feel real pain or pleasure , much less understand or ) ) remember the experience . . . . in our era , this tradition has been carried ) ) on by linguistics experts equally intent on preserving language and rea - ) ) son for the exclusive use of humans . each time an ape demonstrates ei - ) ) ther ability , the linguists set about redefining language and reason in ) ) more complex and confusing ways , erecting yet more artificial barriers ) ) for primates to hurdle . ) ) excuse me , is this something i ' ve missed in my seven years of grad school ) and subsequent four years of professional activity in linguistics ? are ) we deliberately engaged in a dastardly plot to deny our anthropoid cou - ) sins their birthright ? psycholinguistics has never been one of my fortes , ) but i certainly do n't remember anything in the introductory survey cour - ) ses i ' ve taken myself or developed to teach to others anything so much as ) hinting that it is an a priori assumption of the field of linguistics ) that language is the exclusive prerogative of homo sapiens , only that ) it 's an important part of the package that defines that species . ) ) i remember enthusiastically inflated claims made back in the 50 's about ) the forseeable progress in computer technology - - predictions as to how ) quickly we would get computers that could not only converse with us in ) real time in some given human language ( default : english ) but whop any ) human being in chess as well . as all ai researchers know , it soon became ) clear that these predictions were based in part on an oversimplified ) notion of what constituted language ( if i remember correctly , some ) premises were on the level of edgar rice - burroughs ' endowing his heroes ) with a 's pectacular ability to master alien languages ' that consisted of ) an ability to memorize a dictionary ) . and i understand that many claims ) about ' ape language ' , and the rebuttals from the community of linguists , ) have been at similar levels . but it seems to me that this is quite ) different from the scenario in which the academic linguist , threatened by ) the physical anthropologist , mutters , ' hmm ; so far we ' ve felt safe with ) this definition of linguistic competence , but this chimp has mastered ) that . we ' ll have to change the definition if we want to avoid miscege - ) nation ! ' , which is apparently what chadwick is envisioning . ) ) now , i daresay there may be individual linguists who do react this way , ) just as in previous eras there were scientists who would from time to ) time redefine the standards of what constituted full humanity . or civi - ) lization , or what have you , to maintain the claim that whatever it was , ) the native peoples of africa and the western hemisphere did n't have it . ) but i certainly do n't , and i ' m not aware of any of my colleagues that ) do insist , as the sectional headline in the nyt book review has it , ' on ) keeping language and reason for humans alone ' ( i ' m also a little be - ) mused at this conflation of language and reason ; language has never ) struck me as an entirely ' rational ' process ) , much less that , as chadwick ) and , by derivation , said headline imply , that as a professional class we ) are unanimous in doing so . ) ) i ' m considering writing a letter to the editor to complain about this ; if ) anybody else has already done so , please let me know . but what i really ) want to know is , what is the current general consensus ( if there is one ) of ) the field on this subject ? are the claims in the savage - rumbaugh & lewin ) book anent kanzi 's linguistic ability valid ? or is some further clari - ) fication in order ? is it just that some researchers in this area have ) a ( perhaps understandable ) chip on their shoulder ? or is there a real ) conflict between theoretical linguists on the one hand and physical an - ) thropologists and primatologists on the other on this subject ? first of all , david pesetsky did write a letter to the new york times , which was published in the dec . 25 issue of the times book review , and i refer all interested parties to it ( for some reason , i can't find my copy at the moment ) . secondly , i 'd like to thank the following scholars who got in touch with me over the holidays to discuss this issue , discussion to be summarized below : john h . chalmers ( non12 @ cyber . net ) dick hudson ( uclrah @ ucl . ac . uk ) massimo piattelli - palmarini ( piattem @ dipsco . hsr . it ) tom j . pulju ( pulju @ ricevm1 . rice . edu ) harold schiffman ( haroldfs @ u . washington . edu ) discussion proceeded along two logically distinct questions : ( 1 ) what is currently the most accurate assessment of the ' linguistic performance ' , ( and , by inference , linguistic ability ) of the anthropoids ? ( 2 ) why are such people as the gardners , savage - rumbaugh , chadwick , etc . so irritated at us ? on the first question , all of my respondents , as well as david pesetsky , seem to be agreed that the most impressive ' linguistic ' performance of chimps and gorillas reported in the literature is at a level roughly equi - valent to that of a human child of approximately two years of age , but that the anthropoids seem to be unable to develop beyond that stage . in particular , they show no evidence for syntactic structure , nor for any ability to distance themselves temporally or spatially from the referents of their statements . i received statements such as the following : ' the most successful of the apes have managed to reach more or less the level of children in the two-word utterance stage . the size of the lexi - con is about the same , as is the combinatory ability . ' ' the apes master a refined system of communication , and are capable of some abstract thinking , but lack the very fundamentals of human language ( recursiveness , structure-dependency , parsing into constituents , etc . ) . ' ' the chimps mostly have a lexicon , and a rudimentary syntax that lets them distinguish between actor and patient , but that 's about all . . . . the chimps ( a ) have no morphology to speak of ( b ) can't use displacement of the message ( i . e . , can't talk about the past or future , or something that happens / ed in another location ) ' [ at a venture , i would guess that they can't handle contrafactuals either . ] ' it is claimed that the ape """" utterances """" lack grammaticality or syntax . the apes can make the correct symbolic associations , but have no sense of grammatical patterning . in two and three """" word """" sentences , the order of the elements is variable and each element maybe repeated any number of times in any order and independently of the rest ( sequences like give banana give kanzi kanzi banana kanzi give , etc . ) ' one of my respondents , partly on the basis of hanns own occasionally frus - trating experiences resulting from the geographical proximity of an insti - tution presumably devoted to the 's tudy ' of anthropoid language , made some critical statements about the scientific methodology of some of this research . in particular , after referring to hockett 's 16 'd esign fea - tures ' of language , hann remarks : ' the proponents ' claim that [ chimps ] do have cultural transmission , because washo taught her son , does n't bear up under much scrutiny ; washo had to be rewarded to learn every sign and her son has not learned as many , nor passed them on to any other chimp . i see what the chimps learned as the equivalent of a pidgin ; but creoliza - tion never took place . ' which implies ( 1 ) that anthropoid ' language ' ac - tually corresponds to the skinnerian model refuted by chomsky in his fa - mous review as regards human language and ( 2 ) that it is not sufficiently ' natural ' to the anthropoids for them to feel motivated to transmit it successfully . some of my respondents addressed some of the wider theoretical and metho - dological issues relevant to linguistics implicit in this discussion . one opined ' that some dismissal of ape language research is partly , and unconsciously , motivated by a turf-protection instinct . we ' re all alrea - dy uneasy about the fact that there are certain subfields of linguistics whose importance we acknowledge but which we ' re not personally terribly well-versed in . . . . i think many theoretical linguists breathed a sigh of relief when terrace announced that [ the chimp ] nim had n't really learned human language at all . it meant that they did n't have to worry about mo - difying their theories to fit ape language data . ' another said , ' most linguists do n't really care ( at least not consciously ) about whether apes can learn language as such , but they do care deeply about whether lan - guage is """" sui generis """" and innate or not . . . . as far as linguists are concerned , we ' re divided over chomsky 's claim that language is a geneti - cally-programmed module , rather than an area of knowledge which is han - dled by general cognition . if apes can't learn language at all , that supports the chomskyan view ( which presumably involves some cataclysmic mutation say 100 , 000 years ago , or at least since we split off from the other primates ) . if they can learn some of it , we have evidence for ge - neral cognition ( where apes are presumably less well endowed than us , so you 'd expect partial success ) . ' in further discussion we agreed that this argument only held if we accept a 's trong ' version of the relevant dichotomy implicit in the innateness hypothesis , according to which human linguistic ability is overwhelmingly if not completely independent of general human cognition . i pointed out that even if chimps are demonstrably distinct from us on a genetic level they still share over 98 % of our dna . so even if they share some of our linguistic ability it might mean that they also share some of the distinc - tive genetic endowment that provides it . a more effective test would be on cetaceans or pachyderms , which are nowhere as nearly related to us as chimps are but which appear to have roughly comparable cognitive levels . if they also share a certain amount of our linguistic ability , that would indicate that at least that amount is probably dependent more on general cognitive ability than on any specific genetic endowment . if chimps , dolphins , elephants , whatever , can't master human language but have other modes of communication * not isomorphic * with ours but of * comparable com - plexity and flexibility * , then this would give us the opportunity to stu - dy how much of human language is necessary to the general phenomenon of language and how much is incidental and of relevance only to our species ; it might also enable us to talk about the ' innateness ' of human linguistic ability in terms that would not be offputting to geneticists . on the second question , the basis for the irritation towards academic lin - guists on the part of the proponents of anthropoid language , there was some consensus that they were working with an overly simplistic concep - tion of what constitutes language , and were offended that we refused to share it . typical were the following remarks : ' all the [ proponents ] of animal language , and of its continuity with hu - man language , assume that human natural languages simply * are * the result of communication and use . . . . the basic design of human languages is * not * dictated by use , and we can easily conceive of species that would possess a * radically * different design for language and would communicate just as well , if not better . ' ' the gardners et al . have an extremely elementary grasp of what is real language . they think that if they have a lexicon and bare syntax , that 's all there is . their other argument , that the apes have """" real """" sign lan - guage , is also pitiful . . . . the approach trivializes both oral languages and sign languages . ' there was , however , some acknowledgment that some of the ' blame ' for this state of affairs belongs on our doorstep . the ' trivialization ' just men - tioned was claimed to be due at least in part to inadequacies in state - ments by linguists in the 50 's and 60 's . one respondent in particular pointed to an inveterate tendency to try to identify a single , defining , characteristic as the sine qua non of human linguistic ability , rather than accepting the fact that such important distinctions are often proper - ly made on the basis of mosaics of characteristics . in particular , much research in anthropoid ' language ' has apparently focussed on the ability of chimps and gorillas to coin novel expressions , unanticipated by their human teachers / handlers , on the basis of a finite number of memorized ' lexemes ' and some basic combinatorial principles . this effort has suppo - sedly been motivated by early assertions by academic linguists that what distinguishes human language from all other forms of animal communication is its creative ability . when the gardners , etc . , demonstrate that their apes are capable of similar creativity and we then say , ' very nice but that 's not language ' , they are understandably miffed . in response to this , i think what is necessary is greater tact , humility , and honesty on all our parts . we need to admit up front that we ( or our predecessors ) have oversimplified in the past , and give credit to the ape researchers for helping to elucidate the issues . and we need to make it clear that what chimps , gorillas , and two-year - old humans share is in some sense a * rudimentary * linguistic ability , but not equivalent to what adult humans do . in short , we need to increase everybody 's awareness of the inherent rich - ness and complexity of human linguistic behaviour , which to my mind means we need to devote more time and energy to introductory courses in general linguistics ! harold schiffman reports some encouraging success in this direction with a course on linguistic anthropology at the university of washington . further discussion on the issues raised here is welcome , either in perso - nal communication with me or in general discussion on the list . i hope in the not too distant to be able to post a short list of references to published literature on this subject . best , steven - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dr . steven schaufele 712 west washington urbana , il 61801 217-344 - 8240 fcosws @ prairienet . org * * * * o syntagmata linguarum liberemini humanarum ! * * * * * * nihil vestris privari nisi obicibus potestis ! * * *
 "",0
 1197,""Subject: summary : """" grasshopper mind """"
  
  short answer : """" grasshopper mind """" is british english , not japanese - english . summary answer : thanks to those linguist readers who responded to my query ( 5 . 1431 , 94 / 12 / 11 ) about """" grasshopper mind , """" an expression that is entered into kenkyusha 's japanese - english and english - japanese dictionaries ( 1974 , 1980 ) and roget 's thesaurus ( 1982 ) , but apparently not found in any monolingual english dictionaries . the respondents , in alphabetical order , were : deborah milam berkley , marie egan , ted harding , steven schaufele , steve seegmiller , todd sieling , and stephen p . spackman . the inquiry asked four questions : ) do other english language reference works enter """" the grasshopper mind """" ? ) is it a varietal or dialectal term ? when was it first recorded ? are ) there analogous """" grasshoppery """" words in other languages ? ( 1 ) looking up """" grasshopper mind """" in english dictionaries is a lexicographical dead end . i ' ve checked dozens - - including old and new , standard and slang , uk and us , - - and not one enters it . some larger dictionaries record a derogatory sense of _ grasshopper _ ; e . g . , the new shorter oxford english dictionary ( 1993 ) : """" 2 . _ fig . _ a person held to resemble a grasshopper in character or behaviour ; an inconstant , flighty , or frivolous person . l16 . """" and the near-synonym """" grasshopper brain """" is webster 's third new international dictionary ( 1971 ) usage example for _ grasshopper _ meaning 3 . 2 """" light and frivolous : untouched by care for the future . """" ( 2 ) harding definitively answers the second question : ) """" grasshopper mind """" is well-known standard uk english usage . to say ) someone """" has a grasshopper mind """" means that their focus of attention ) jumps unpredictably from subject to random subject . none of the other respondents , including three widely-dispersed speakers of american english ( berkley , egan , seegmiller ) , had seen or heard this collocation , but all agreed they could readily understand what it means . in terms of _ grasshopper _ meaning ' frivolous , careless , ' the semantics of """" grasshopper mind """" are fairly self-explanatory . ( 3 ) dating the """" grasshopper mind """" coinage is moot . harding says : ) i ' m sure it 's not particularly recent in origin . . . . i ' m pretty sure it ) must be possible to trace early uses of the phrase """" grasshopper mind . """" sieling suggests checking aesop 's """" the ant and the grasshopper , """" and funk & wagnalls new standard dictionary ( 1913 ) defines _ grasshoppering _ as : """" 1 . an unsettled and unsteady course of life ; improvident living : from the fable of the grasshopper and the ant . """" ( 4 ) """" grasshopper mind """" has cross-linguistic analogues . schaufele describes it as : ) like all those complex words in german that you can't find in ) any dictionary but which are crafted for the nonce by completely ) productive strategies and are perfectly understandable to any ) reasonably-intelligent speaker of the language ( i had to coin one ) of these myself the other day , ' lehrgangsprotokoll ' , to mean what ) we mean here by a 's chool transcript ' ) . spackman thinks """" grasshopper mind """" reads like a loan translation of a foreign expression , and mentions an interesting ojibwa calque : ) the phrase """" fire stick """" which has been given in novels and movies ) to ignorant american natives is apparently a literal , morpheme-by - ) morpheme translation of the ojibwa word for a gun . except for one ) thing : it 's not stupid . """" fire """" here translates """" launch a projectile """" ) and """" stick """" is the classifier for a rigid rod . """" rigid projectile ) launcher """" is not so snappy , but a rather tighter word than """" gun """" ) do n't you think ? the semantically transparent """" grasshopper mind """" reveals a lexicographical gap between english dictionaries published in the united states and the united kingdom . while unknown to most american anglophones and familiar to many uk anglophones , lexicographers have overlooked this metaphor for orthopterous mentality . modern lexicography is benefiting from computerized corpora and machine-readable dictionaries . for instance , searching for adjectival _ grasshopper _ + noun combinations in cobuilddirect 's on-line corpus ( direct @ cobuild . collins . co . uk ) reveals three occurrences of """" grasshopper mind , """" two of """" grasshopper warbler , """" and one each of """" grasshopper leap , """" """" weather , """" and """" nijinsky . """" many dictionaries enter _ grasshopper warbler _ ( locustella naevia , characterized by its buzzing call ) but none _ grasshopper mind _ . further research is necessary . any information about this expression 's historical origins or distributional usages ( seegmiller asks about australian english ) would be gratefully welcomed . michael carr , otaru university of commerce , otaru 047 japan email carr @ canal . otaru-uc . ac . jp fax 81 + ( 0 ) 134-22 - 0467
 "",0
 1198,""Subject: software for an experimental mt system
  
  hi subscribers of linguist list , information and software of the experimental mt system of the project kit-fast from the technical university of berlin is now available via www and ftp . the information below is available via www : http : / / www . cs . tu-berlin . de / ~ ww / mtsystem . html this www document contains all hypertext links , which are relevant in order to get the software , documentation and further information . the experimental mt system is implemented in prolog and running on at compatible pc as well as sun workstations ( see below ) . the experimental mt system of the project kit-fast = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = an experimental mt system has been developed and implemented by the project fast within the project group kit . the transfer-based experimental mt system translates german texts into english sentence by sentence . the translation of a sentence consists of morphological , syntactical , semantical and conceptual analysis , transfer , generation and morphological synthesis . the semantic and conceptual analysis , the transfer as well as the generation is realized by one algorithm on the basis of term-rewriting ( known from the automatic provement of equations ) . a module for the evaluation of anaphoric relations of the source language and the kl-one based knowledge representation system back are components of the mt system . the back system is used for the representation of background knowledge in its tbox and of the text content in its abox . the evaluation algorithm uses the representation of the text content in order to check the semantic consistency of possible antecedents for anaphoric pronouns . this factor and others are defined as parameters for the evaluation algorithm . the components of the mt system + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + o morphological analyser based on the sutra system o gpsg parser for direct interpretation of id rules , lp statements and metarules o term-rewrite rule interpreter for semantic and conceptual analysis , transfer and generation o morphological synthesizer based on the sutra system o module for the evaluation of anaphoric relations o the knowledge representation system back o tools for the development of lexicons , grammars and term-rewrite systems linguistic data + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + linguistic data was developed in order to translate a german text , which is """" the proposal of the european commission for the esprit programme """" . about 100 sentences were successfully tested with the help of the mt system . the linguistic data comprises : o a german grammar ( gpsg ) : - 22 main categories , 34 features - 22 aliases - 76 id rules - 23 lp statements - 5 metarules - 23 fcrs - 265 lexical entries ( stem forms ) o 134 term-rewrite rules for semantic analysis ( german ) o 37 term-rewrite rules for conceptual analysis ( german ) o 248 term-rewrite rules for transfer ( german - - ) english ) o 182 term-rewrite rules for generation ( english ) o 8 factors for the evaluation of anaphoric relations in german : 1 . agreement 2 . binding 3 . proximity 4 . preference for the semantic subject 5 . topic preference 6 . identity of roles 7 . negative preference for free adjuncts 8 . conceptual consistency o the predefined background knowledge comprises selectional restrictions implementation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + the mt system is implemented in quintus - prolog 3 . 1 ( commercial software ) and swi - prolog 1 . 9 . 5 ( public domain software ) . both prolog dialects are running on sun workstations under sunos and at compatible pcs under dos ( windows 3 . 1 ) . the mt system is tested for quintus - and swi - prolog under sunos and under swi - prolog under windows 3 . 1 and needs about 10 mb of hard disk space . in order to get the software for the mt system running on at compatible pcs under dos ( windows 3 . 1 ) see http : / / www . cs . tu-berlin . de / ~ ww / mtdos . html . if you are interested in receiving the software for the mt system for sun workstations under sunos see http : / / www . cs . tu-berlin . de / ~ ww / mtsun . html . documents related to the mt system + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + o birte schmitz , susanne preu _ , christa hauenschild """" textreprdsentation und hintergrundwissen f | r die anaphernresolution im maschinellen \ bersetzungssystem kit-fast """" kit - report 93 , institute for software and theoretical cs , technical university of berlin 1992 and in : m . kohrt , ch . k | per ( eds . ) , """" probleme der \ bersetzungswissenschaft """" , working papers in linguistics , department for linguistics , technical university of berlin 1991 , p . 39-81 o christa hauenschild """" anapherninterpretation in der maschinellen \ bersetzung """" kit - report 94 , institute for software and theoretical cs , technical university of berlin 1992 and zeitschrift f | r literaturwissenschaft und linguistik 84 ( 1991 ) , vandenhoeck & ruprecht , p . 50-66 o susanne preu _ , birte schmitz , christa hauenschild """" anaphora resolution based on semantic and conceptual knowledge """" in : susanne preu _ , birte schmitz , """" workshop on textrepresentation and domain modelling - ideas from linguistics and ai """" , kit - report 97 , institute for software and theoretical cs , technical university of berlin 1992 , p . 1-13 o wilhelm weisweber """" transfer in machine translation by non - confluent term - rewrite systems """" proceedings of the gwai-89 , eringerfeld 1989 , p . 264-269 o wilhelm weisweber , christa hauenschild """" a model of multi - level transfer for machine translation and its partial realization """" kit - report 77 , institute for software and theoretical cs , technical university of berlin 1990 and to appear in : proceedings of the seminar """" computers & translation ' 89 """" , tiflis 1989 o wilhelm weisweber """" term - rewriting as a basis for a uniform architecture in machine translation """" proceedings of the coling-92 , nantes 1992 , p . 777-783 and extended version in kit - report 101 , institute for software and theoretical cs , technical university of berlin 1992 o christa hauenschild , stephan busemann """" a constructive version of gpsg for machine translation """" in : erich steiner , paul schmidt , cornelia zellinsky - wibbelt ( eds . ) , """" from syntax to semantics - insights from machine translation """" , frances pinter , london 1988 , p . 216-238 o wilhelm weisweber """" ein dominanz - chart - parser f | r generalisierte phrasenstrukturgrammatiken """" kit - report 45 , institute for software and theoretical cs , technical university of berlin 1987 o wilhelm weisweber , susanne preu _ """" """" direct parsing with metarules proceedings of the coling-92 , nantes 1992 , p . 1111-1115 and extended version in kit - report 102 , institute for software and theoretical cs , technical university of berlin 1992 o wilhelm weisweber """" termersetzung als basis f | r eine einheitliche architektur in der maschinellen sprach | bersetzung """" sprache un information band 28 , niemeyer , t | bingen 1994 o wilhelm weisweber """" the experimental mt system system of the project kit-fast """" proceedings of the international conference """" machine translation : ten years on """" , cranfield 1994 , p . 12 . 1-12 . 19 user and system documentation : o wilhelm weisweber """" implementierungs - und benutzerhandbuch des experimentellen berliner m \ - systems """" kit - report 116 , institute for software and theoretical cs , technical university of berlin 1994 the list of available kit reports can be found at http : / / www . cs . tu-berlin . de / ~ kit / reportliste / kitlistehtml . html . further information + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + wilhelm weisweber technical university of berlin department of computer sciences institute for software and theoretical computer sciences ( isti ) functional and logic programming ( flp ) sekr . : fr 6-10 franklinstr . 28 / 29 d-10587 berlin - charlottenburg federal republic of germany fon : + 49-30 - 314-73608 fax : + 49-30 - 314-73622 e - mail : ww @ cs . tu-berlin . de www : http : / / www . cs . tu-berlin . de / ~ ww /
 "",0
 1199,""Subject: language policy
  
  admittedly , i ' m coming in on the middle of this discussion , having missed the earlier messages . however , i was struck by m . hale 's disturbing feelings about """" references to such ( non-linguistic ) issues as """" citizenship """" and """" ethnicity """" """" . how can you manage a language planning project without taking into consideration such non-linguistic factors , in addition to a study of language attitudes , government policies past and present , language of education and social mobility , etc . etc . ? and something else to think about perhaps . . . while the language planner ( s ) might not favor legal restrictions outright , the legal promotion of a language or languages , which seems like the opposite course , could actually lead to unofficial restrictions of the other language ( s ) . someone mentioned the case of spanish and english in the us . last week i heard a radio ( npr ? ) news report that some monolingual english speakers can't find work in the miami area because they do n't speak spanish ( the report was in reference to a politician 's support of making english the official language of the us ) . at a national / federal level , one could argue that spanish is a minority language ; at a local / city level , one could argue that it is not . do we have here a case of the promotion of spanish leading to unofficial restrictions on english - speakers , at least at a city level , in terms of employment opportunities ? my point is that the definition of """" minority language """" is going to depend on the specific situation . i am currently involved in a small-scale language planning project ( in the capacity of director ) and the toughest decisions i come across have to do with the """" non-linguistic """" factors : the people , the emotions , the feelings and the ideas they have towards the other people who do n't speak their language . even a small project is extremely complex . deborah du bartell , ph . d . linguistics program edinboro university of pennsylvania edinboro , pa 16444 usa 814-732 - 2736
 "",0
 1200,""Subject: words that are their own op
  
  regarding words that are their own opposites i ' ve thought of an example - the word 's hame ' in aboriginal english and standard australian english . for example , in the paul kelly ( standard australian english ) song , """" special treatment """" he describes an aboriginal boy who has had his family 's history hidden from him ( pushed off land , put in chains , children stolen etc etc ) as """" i was raised in shame """" . this is a negative description - he was made to feel bad about himself . in alice springs aboriginal english , being brought up with shame would be the ' right way ' to be brought up . having ' no shame ' indicates the wrong behaviour in the circumstances , that 's when you should feel bad about yourself ! this 's hift ' in meaning is due to the substrate languages having a word that people translate into 's hame ' in english , when that 's not exactly what is meant , eg ' apure ' , eastern arrernte , and ' kurnta ' in warlpiri . this has been discussed by jean harkins in the australian journal of linguistics , and in her book """" into another world """" . so . . . what does it mean to be shameless ? sue morrish , teacher linguist , institute for aboriginal development , alice springs northern territory , australia 0870 .
 "",0
 1201,""Subject: 
  
  discourse levinsohn , stephen h . ; discourse features of ten languages of west-central africa ; pb . ; isbn : 0-88312 - 619 - 2 ; ix , 241pp . ; $ 30 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics and university of texas arlington . twelve contributers describe discourse features of ten niger - congo and chadic languages of cameroon and bordering countries , using data that includes folktales and other narratives . discussions include how coherence is maintained , participant reference , and markers of prominence and backgrounding . internet : academic . books @ sil . org discourse ; africa pragmatics rudanko , juhani . 1993 . pragmatic approaches to shakespeare . essays on othello , coriolanus and timon of athens . lanham , new york and london : the university press of america . field : pragmatics and its application to literature . the book develops methods of linguistic pragmatics that can , it is suggested , be applied to the study of dramatic dialogue in three shakespearean tragedies . as far as othello is concerned , the methods applied include topic analysis and case grammar analysis , the latter applied to soliloquies ; in the case of coriolanus there is a focus on speech act analysis , and as for timon of athens , it is proposed that politeness theory sheds light on themes of the play . it is argued that the practical application of methods of linguistic pragmatics contributes to a better understanding of the three plays as dramatic works of art and also leads to the further refinement of the methods themselves as tools of analysis . syntax the malfrfpirannssknir ( linguist research ) series : volume i : fridrik magnusson : kjarnafaersla og tad-innskot i aukasetningum i islensku ( topicalization and tad-insertion in subordinate clauses in icelandic ) . prize : usd 14 . the main theme of this work is a study on topicalization and tad-insertion in icelandic , the author giving a great many examples to support his theory . he works whitin the generative tradition , and begins the book with an introducion on generative grammar and x ' - theory . he also examines word order in icelandic and related languages and the methods of describing it . volume ii : eirikur rognvaldsson : um ordarod og faerslur i islensku ( on word order and movement in icelandic ) . prize : usd 14 . the author 's main subject is positional transformations in icelandic . he begins by giving an account of the basic structure of icelandic sentences , and then turns to movement , topicalization , extraposition , indefinite subject-shift , and indefinite np - shift . finally , he examines the role of movement and its constraints . to order the books from malfrfpirannssknir ( linguist research ) series , please write to : institute of linguistics university of iceland arnagardur v / sudurgotu 101 reykjavik iceland e-mail : malvis @ rhi . hi . is
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 1202,""Subject: 
  
  lang acquisition the malfrfpirannssknir ( linguist research ) series volume iii : sigridur sigurjonsdottir : spurnarsetningar i mali tveggja islenskra barna ( the interrogative in the speech of two icelandic children ) . prize : usd 16 . this is an account of research on the development of interogative sentences in the speech of two icelandic children from the age of two to three and a half . a number of conclusions are drawn , among them the observation that the first questions of icelandic children begin with """" viltu """" 'd o you want to ' and usually function as requests . phonology & phonetics chitoran , ioana & ayako tsuchida ( eds . ) , working papers of the cornell phonetics laboratory no . 9 1994 283pp . paperbound cost : $ 11 . 00 ( prepaid ) papers by j . alcantara , i . chitoran , a . c . cohn & k . lockwood , k . de jong , j . - i . han , h . kim & a . jongman , r . letterman , a . tsuchida , d . zec on a variety of topics in phonetics , phonology , and interface issues . for further information on the contents of this and other dmll publications and how to order , please contact dmll publications at books @ plab . dmll . cornell . edu . the malfrfpirannssknir ( linguist research ) series volume iv : petur helgason : on coarticulation and connected speech processes in icelandic . usd 11 . written in english . the author examines the pronunciation of connected speech , including the assimilations and elisions currently taking place in icelandic . to order the books from malfrfpirannssknir ( linguist research ) series , please write to : institute of linguistics university of iceland arnagardur v / sudurgotu 101 reykjavik iceland e-mail : malvis @ rhi . hi . is
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 1203,""Subject: references on formal description of discourse
  
  content - length : 1242 a student of mine who is not on the net is looking for references on formal , systematized description of discourse and dialogs ( tours de parole etc . ) , that would go ` ` beyond levison 's work ' ' ( his words ) to use in an automatic analyzer for political discourse . as his topic is rather out of our local waters ( syntax and parsing ) , i 'd appreciate any help you can provide . please answer to me directly ( walther @ uni2a . unige . ch ) and i ' ll post a summary . thanks , catherine walther u . of geneva
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 1204,""Subject: font for vietnamese
  
  hello . i am looking for a font that will write in vietnamese on a macintosh . if anyone has heard of such a thing , please let me know the details as to how i might obtain it . thank you . andrew talle northwestern university
 "",0
 1205,""Subject: quichua info ?
  
  hi there . i will be in quito from march 23 to april 2 and would like information on quichua . i am particularly interested in native language instruction movements and quichuan spanish . does anybody have contacts ? krbruna
 "",0
 1206,""Subject: sum : function words
  
  i . the question and its motivation three weeks ago or so , i asked linguist readers to help me find examples of function words with unusually specific meanings . this was meant to elicit examples that i could mention in a paper called """" the formal semantics of grammaticalization """" , where i discuss what happens to the meaning of a content morpheme that develops into a function morpheme . i argue there , developing work by other semanticists / logicians , that ( 1 ) function morphemes do have meanings ( contrary to a widespread assumption ) . just consider that the meanings of quantifiers , tense , aspect , modals , etc . are the bread and butter of us working semanticists . ( 2 ) there is a class of """" logical """" meanings that have certain formal properties ( permutation-invariance , high types ) . ( 3 ) unfortunately , there is no perfect correlation between logical meanings and functional morphemes . there are lexical / content morphemes with ( almost ) logical meanings ( adjectives """" same """" , """" mere """" , """" alleged """" , verbs """" deny """" , """" believe """" , nouns """" majority """" , etc . ) . and there might be functional morphemes with non-logical meanings ( hence the linguist query ) . ( 4 ) thus there is not much that we can say about what happens to the meaning of a morpheme that is becoming grammaticalized . although i make some presumably doomed efforts . the finished paper ( which is based on a talk i gave at the nels 25 workshop on language change ) will appear in the nels 25 proceedings ( to be available from the glsa at umass amherst , glsa @ linguist . umass . edu ) . the paper is downloadable by anonymous ftp from the following url : ftp : / / broca . mit . edu / pub / fintel / gramma . ps i would welcome any comments . ii . some of the responses : mark robert hale ( hale1 @ alcor . concordia . ca ) wrote : ) the reference [ to the pejorative pronouns """" you shit """" ] ) is samuel elbert 's grammar of ) rennellese / bellona , """" echo of a culture : a grammar ) of rennell and bellona """" , uhawaii press 1988 ) [ oceanic linguistics special publication no . 22 ] . ) ) a few interesting cases of ) grammaticalization of a somewhat relevant ) type do exist . in micronesian languages ) there are a set of verbal affixes for ) directionality ( up , down , towards speaker , ) towards hearer , towards some third ) party [ the usual deixis system ] ) which ) also include """" toward the open ocean """" ) and """" toward the lagoon """" ; whereas ( of course ) ) if you want to say """" toward john 's house """" ) ( or some other nonce collocation ) ) you need to use a pp . ) ) similar , but probably not similar enough , ) is the bizarre use of the cardinal directionals ) in icelandic documented in a classic paper ) by einar haugen ( i can dig up the reference ) if you really want it ) . it seems like , being ) predominantly coastal inhabitants , and having ) a rather uneven fjorded coastline , to go ) to a city which was north of you actually ) involved heading out in a southerly ) direction ( all that time ) . ( or , if you ) lived on the north coast , going south ) frequently involved your walking north ) or northeast . . . ) . the system ended up totally ) screwed up , as i recall ( it 's been some ) time since i read the article - - hoski ) thrainsson at harvard would probably know ) the relevant facts [ thrainss @ fas . harvard . edu ] ) , ) when the cardinal directions were grammaticalized ) with inverse force from their original ) semantics with verbs of motion ( or some ) such thing ) . ) ) the """" river names """" case is supposed to salishan . ) maybe sally thomason will respond to your ) linguist posting , otherwise you might write ) to her ( sally @ pogo . isp . pitt . edu ) . although ) the salish speakers she 's actually working ) with are land-bound , she 's done some historical ) salishan and probably knows the basic facts . ) ) the only other case i can think may not be ) all that relevant , either , i guess , but it 's ) kind of interesting nonetheless . in ho - min ) sohn 's """" woleaian reference grammar """" , i suspect ) in the discussion of noun incorporation ) ( but possibly elsewhere ) , he states that ) bare n objects obligatorily incorporate ) ( so ' i eat fish ' is ungrammatical , one has ) to say ' i fish-eat ' - - this is generally ) true with micronesian transitive clauses ; ) i ' ve written about it 's history ) . definite ) np objects cannot incorporate ( * i the-fish eat ) . ) nor can n 's that are modified by anything ) ( so ' i eat big fish ' is fine , in spite of ) the fact that ' i eat fish ' is garbage - - clearly ) a structural constraint : only heads can ) incorporate ) . anyway , """" doctor """" cannot ) incorporate under any circumstances , because ) there 's only ever been one doctor on woleai ! ) so it 's inherently specific , as it were . ) [ woleai is an atoll , population ca . 250 . ] ) like i said , maybe not directly relevant , ) but kinda cute . . . david gil ( ellgild % nusvm . bitnet @ mitvma . mit . edu ) wrote : ) i can think of so many examples of what you ' re looking for that ) i suspect there 's some terminological confusion . ) ) classifiers . they ' re about as idiosyncratic and as contentful ) as you 'd like - - but their uses are clearly functional . arguably ) so when in """" numeral classifier """" position , more clearly so when ) functioning as nominalizers ( eg . clf john saw , meaning """" the one ) john saw """" ) , ligatures / relativizers ( eg . movie clf john saw , ) meaning """" the movie which john saw """" , or articles ( eg . clf movie , ) meaning """" the movie """" ) . ( i ' m presently working on the syntax ) and semantics of these constructions in se asian languages . ) ) ) then , pronouns . i do n't know of any """" you shit """" examples , but ) in se asian languages pronouns come with all sorts of idiosyncratic ) and culture-bound """" honorific """" content . ) ) i could go on . . . hala 's z sa ' ndor ( halasz @ kewszeg . norden1 . com ) wrote : ) are the old germanic prepozitions enough for you : """" benorth """" , """" beeast """" , ) . . . ? i believe that in iceland they yet are found . old english had a ) bunch of words besides these that were adj 's that also behaved as ) prep 's ; the one left is """" near """" , but on the other hand """" du """" was pickd ) up : """" the honor du me """" , """" tomorrow this is du """" . it sumtimes seems to me ) that in old germanic the prep 's were an open class , with rules for ) making one from adj 's or other words . """" randy j . lapolla """" ( hslapolla @ ccvax . sinica . edu . tw ) wrote : ) in the qiang languages ( tibeto - burman family , sino - tibetan stock ) ) there are systems of verb prefixes that refer to geographic landmarks ) such as """" towards the river """" , """" toward the mountian """" , aside from ) """" normal """" references such as """" towards the speaker """" , etc . most ) interesting is that these prefixes also mark achievement vs . state , ) and also perfective vs . imperfective . lee hartman ( ga5123 @ siucvmb . siu . edu ) wrote : ) the following is probably not exactly what you are looking for , ) but it does bear some similarity to your example of ) prepositions that refer to the nearby river . ) indonesian has four words for north , south , east , and west , ) - - al monomorphemic so far as i know . but northeast and northwest are ) respectively _ timur laut _ and _ barat laut _ , ) literally east sea west sea ) ( southeast is _ tenggara _ - - monomorphemic ? - - ) and i have n't yet found a southwest . ) thank you all for your very interesting comments . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - kai von fintel dept . of linguistics & philosophy mit , cambridge , ma 02139 email : fintel @ mit . edu http : / / broca . mit . edu / fintel . home . html
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 1207,""Subject: sum : lang . www sites
  
  content - length : 1197 dear linguist 's : i recently asked for language / linguistics - related www sites . i have incorporated those i received into my homepage at the following url : http : / / www . scs . unr . edu : 80 / homepage / kristina / kristina . html i am posting the url rather than the list of sites to save bandwidth . if anyone would like the list itself , let me know and i ' ll e-mail you the html page . i would like to thank the following people who responded and sent url 's : diane penkoff fred riley oesten dahl jelly julia de jong bruno tersago tony sardinha j . k . ( anko ) wiegel kimmo koskenniemi alexandra klein alex eulenberg micheal palmer svein lie remi jolivet heidi shetzer karin stromswold debra occhi caoimhin p . odonnaile stanley g . goertzen jussi karlgren louis janus sabine geldof dr . manfred immler _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ kristina harris | the mathematics center - 085 | ( 702 ) 784-4433 kristina @ math . unr . edu | university of nevada , reno | fax ( 702 ) 784-1080 * www : http : / / www . scs . unr . edu : 80 / unr / arts-n - science / math-center / mathctr . html * * my homepage is http : / / www . scs . unr . edu : 80 / homepage / kristina / kristina . html *
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 1208,""Subject: sum : more discussion of human and non-human language
  
  content - length : 18462 there 's been a fair amount of discussion about language among non-humans , both publicly on linguist and privately with me , since my previous summa - ry in linguist 6-28 . i have already posted to linguist a bibliographical list , broadcast in linguist 6-195 ; here follows a summary of some of the main points that have come up in discussion . first of all , i 'd like to thank the following people who posted messages to me personally : dan alford , a . k . a . moonhawk ( dalford @ s1 . csuhayward . edu ) celso alvarez - caccamo ( lxalvarz @ udc . es ) rachel lagunoff ( ihw1009 @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu ) dorothy hinshaw patent ( doropatent @ aol . com ) john e . limber ( jel @ christa . unh . edu ) alex schwartz ( alex _ schwartz @ sagepub . com ) andrew spencer ( spena @ essex . ac . uk ) mike tomasello ( tomas @ fs1 . psy . emory . edu ) bill turkel ( bill @ hivnet . ubc . ca ) george williams ( gww @ navisoft . com ) in addition to these individuals , the following people have posted items on the subject of language among nonhumans to linguist since 6-28 . i ' m going to focus less on these in the following summary , on the assumption that most of you have already read what they had to say . lloyd anderson ( ecoling @ applelink . apple . com ) sherri l . condon ( slc6859 @ usl . edu ) jane a . edwards ( edwards @ cogsci . berkeley . edu ) larry gorbet ( lgorbet @ mail . unm . edu ) jacques guy ( j . guy @ trl . oz . au ) gilbert harman ( ghh @ princeton . edu ) marion kee ( marion . kee @ a . nl . cs . cmu . edu ) bob krovetz ( krovetz @ cs . umass . edu ) roger lass ( roger @ beattie . uct . ac . za ) david pesetsky ( pesetsk @ mit . edu ) benji wald ( ibeneawj @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu ) sherman wilcox ( wilcox @ alcor . unm . edu ) one major issue that came up in discussion was the methodological and ethical justification of evaluating the linguistic ability of non-humans by confronting them with the task of mastering a language belonging to homo sapiens , instead of by investigating the means by which they inter - act amongst themselves . in linguist , benji wald pointed out that chomsky himself , in a paper pub - lished in the sebeok / sebeok vol . mentioned in my bibliography in linguist 6-195 , carefully drew the distinction between ' human language ' , the cog - nitive system built into the * human * brain that enables us to master the various human languages that are the raw data of our studies , and ' lan - guage ' ( which i shall in this posting capitalize - - not to be confused with lsa 's journal ) , the set of all possible similar systems , in whatever species ( or machine ) they may manifest themselves . this phase of the dis - cussion began with the question of the relation between an ability to re - cognize one 's image in a mirror and an ability to handle pronouns of vari - ous sorts , including reflexives . ( briefly , dogs and cats are able to re - cognize their reflections as members of their own species but consistently treat them as ' others ' , behaving toward them as they would to strangers of their own species ; roger lass has suggested that the ability to re - cognize the reflection as 's elf ' may not be evolutionarily advantageous to such predatory animals . the anthropoid apes , however , manage after a few minutes to realize that the reflection is 's elf ' , at which point they switch from the 's ocial ' behaviours they would normally use to make the acquaintance of strangers of their own species to using the mirror as a tool for self-inspection . but there has been no evidence presented , to my knowledge or that of anyone else on the list , that chimps , gorillas , etc . have any ability to handle anaphoric reference the way human apes do . sherri condon referred us to the work of her colleague at the univer - sity of southwestern louisiana , daniel j . povinelli , on this subject . ) but ultimately this discussion came back to a fundamental issue raised in my previous summary : even were it possible , through ingenious programme design and / or arduous effort , to teach a real human language to a chimp or a gorilla , the mere fact that the system in question would have to be ' force-fed ' , as it were , is evidence in itself that there is a serious difference between the cognitive systems of the two species ( human and non-human ) in question , since humans pick the stuff up with almost no training whatsoever . since much of our research programme is dedicated , more or less directly , to investigating the ability of humans to learn individual human languages ' naturally ' ( i . e . , with a minimum of effort ) - - at least in childhood - - this unredoubted fact places the linguistic abilities of non-humans at a significant distance from our discipline 's focus area . whether the field of linguistics ought to broaden its focus area to include non-human quasi-linguistic semiotic / communicative systems is another question , of course , that was raised in private discussion with me . speaking for myself , i am very sympathetic to the notion of embedding ( to use a very professional word ) linguistics as we now under - stand it within a broader programme of research into language , including the semiotic / communicative systems of non-human animals . supposing that such animals could accomplish the task of mastering a hu - man language ( which has so far not happened ) , this would certainly prove that the difference in species is not relevant to the nature of the lan - guage in question , much less language in general . but failure to accom - plish the task is not as probative , since it can be interpreted in either of at least two ways : ( 1 ) the animals in question are no more than ' protolinguistic ' ( to use bickerton 's term ) , unable to master a system of the complexity of human language - - a quantitative evaluation . ( 2 ) the animals in question are already in possession of an equivalent system of comparable complexity but of incompatible organization ( which ipso facto interferes catastrophically with the proposed task ) - - a qua - litative evaluation . which of these alternatives is correct will require a completely diffe - rent set of experiments , carefully studying the communicative behaviours natural to these animals as we linguists study the communicative beha - viours natural to humans . one of my correspondents said , ' why is all this effort devoted towards teaching apes a modified version of english ? a complex and highly social species such as this has an extremely sophisticated natural communication system of its own , yet we know very little about this . . . surely , before embarking on experimental meddling of dubious methodological validity , it would be more prudent to construct a research program aimed at mapping out the cognitive abilities of the various species and more particularly , their home-grown communication systems . presumably , it 's only against the background of how apes communicate with each other in the wild that we will really be able to interpret the kinds of artificial experiments pio - neered by the gardners and others . . . when you provide the reference list it would be extremely interesting ( though a lot of hard work ) to compare the amount of research effort expended on teaching apes 2 - year old english , compared to the number of studies devoted to ethological study of ape communication . ' a further , related issue was the epistemological question of how to reco - gnize behaviour in another species that is equivalent to language in hu - mans . i remarked myself at one point , ' human language is not purely a communication system , and its structure is not based solely on its commu - nicative function . i use language for a variety of functions . . . it does not strike me as logically self-evident that all of these functions should be served by the same system . i can imagine a species that en - gaged in all of these behaviours but used a radically different system for each . would we be able to recognize all these different systems ? and would all of them properly fall into the field of inquiry we call ' lin - guistics ' ? larry gorbet , in his linguist posting , touched very well on a further as - pect of this problem , addressing in particular one of the criticisms that has been made of the results achieved by the gardners et al . ' any formal element whose meaning includes displacement ( or more generally , * any * fairly abstract meaning ) will be intrinsically difficult to recognize as such , simply because the """" search space """" ( for the observable behavior that points to meaning ) is so large . the result is an * intrinsic * sample bias in semantic analysis : concrete meanings are more likely to be * disco - vered * than are more abstract ones , relative to their actual frequency of occurrence . in addition to abstract meanings in the more obvious sense , meanings which concern internal states ( e . g . """" emotions """" ) can be difficult to discern if one does n't experience those states or similar ones . ' a couple of references to the science fiction literature are relevant here , science fiction being often very useful for such ' thought-experi - ments ' in the einsteinian sense . h . beam piper , who while definitely not pc was brilliant , wrote a story called ' naudsonce ' ( pp . 57-112 in the col - lection federation , published 1981 by ace . piper suicided in 1964 , and i have no idea whether ' naudsonce ' was published anywhere during his life - time ) , in which an exploration party from earth discovers an extrasolar planet inhabited by an obviously sapient species which the explorers la - bel ' svants ' . these people are living at roughly a neolithic cultural / technological level , and there 's no question that they communicate by means of deliberately modulated sound waves transmitted through the air , so the humans immediately jump to the conclusion that they have something akin to what we call ' language ' , and the professional linguist they ' ve brought along for just such eventualities gets to work trying to analyse the svants ' ' language ' and establish inter-species communication . no go . turns out that although both svants and humans communicate by means of deliberately modulated , etc . , the resemblance ends there . our auditory systems ( by which i mean both the auditory centers of our brains and the neurosensory systems in our ears that serve as their input ) are designed to convert auditory impulses into a distinct sensory experience that we call ' hearing ' . the svants ' neurosensory systems are designed to convert such impulses into something more closely approximating the sensory expe - rience that tells us about our internal states ( e . g . , feelings of hunger , thirst , satiation , heartburn , etc . ) . thus , when a human reports a feel - ing of pain or pleasure , another human apprehends the message intellectu - ally ; when a svant reports such a feeling , an equivalent feeling is di - rectly induced in the body of another svant . in order to have any hope of inter-species communication , the human explorers have to rely on two peculiar individuals : a young male svant who is as a result of a birth defect 'd eaf ' , but is otherwise quite intelligent and shows promise of being able to master an ideographic writing system , and his mother , who is ' normal ' but sticks with her son out of maternal affection , and can interpret for him to the rest of the svant community . my point in giving this rather lengthy summary is that recognition of the fundamental diffe - rence between the human and svant communicative systems constitutes a ma - jor , and very challenging , cognitive leap for the human explorers ; can we be confident that a similar cognitive leap would not be necessary for us in evaluating the cognitive behaviours of non-human apes , cetaceans , etc . ? ( piper , speaking through some of his characters , expresses scepticism that a species whose principal communication system so thoroughly bypas - ses the ' higher / rational ' cognitive centers can develop very far in the way of civilization . i personally do n't share his scepticism . several of us during discussion have considered that cetaceans use sound both as their principal means of exploring the world around them , via sonar , and apparently to communicate . this suggests that a cetacean mode of commu - nication might involve ' projecting ' a sonar ' image ' of what one is talk - ing about into the listener 's brain . such projection may involve vocali - zation skill levels outside the abilities of cetaceans ; but assuming they could do it , i do n't think such 'd irect ' communicative methods preclude a high level of civilization . i ' m not sure they ' re all that different from the ability of the chinese , or of fluent signers , to communicate highly abstract concepts by means of what is essentially visual imagery . ) those of you who have read suzette hayden elgin 's intriguing though dif - fuse novel native tongue may remember that in that novel , humans , having over the course of several decades established contact with a variety of alien species and managed to negotiate profitable trade deals with seve - ral of them in spite of the obvious language barriers ( the only reason the generally despised profession of ' linguist ' is allowed to survive in this crypto-fascist state ) , encounters a species that is obviously sapi - ent and obviously endowed with something in the way of a language ( if i remember correctly , it 's not made clear exactly how this is recognized ) , but that ' language ' is so radically different from human language in its structural organization that no human seems to be able to get the hang of it ( several people die trying ) . in both cases , we are left with the big question : what , exactly , consti - tutes language , or a ' language ' ? and how do we recognize one if it exists ? on the subject of the cognitive organization of the brains of non-human primates , steven pinker , on p . 350 of his recent book the language ins - tinct : how the mind creates language , discusses their equivalents of broca 's and wernicke 's areas : ' the neuroanatomists al galaburda and terrence deacon have discovered areas in monkey brains that correspond in location , input-output cabling , and cellular composition to the human language areas . for example , there are homologues to wernicke 's and broca 's areas and a band of fibers connecting the two , just as in humans . the regions are not involved in producing the monkeys ' calls , nor are they involved in producing their gestures . the monkey seems to use the regions corresponding to wernicke 's area and its neighbors to recognize sound sequences and to discriminate the calls of other monkeys from its own calls . the broca 's homologues are involved in control over the mus - cles of the face , mouth , tongue , and larynx , and various subregions of these homologues receive inputs from the parts of the brain dedicated to hearing , the sense of touch in the mouth , tongue , and larynx , and areas in which streams of information from all the senses converge . ' for those of you who are interested , the relevant references are : deacon , t . w . 1988 . ' evolution of human language circuits ' in h . jerison & i . jerison , eds . , intelligence and evolutionary biology . new york : springer . - - - - . 1989 . ' the neural circuitry underlying primate calls and human language ' human evolution 4 : 367-401 . galaburda , a . m . & d . n . pandya . 1982 . ' role of architectonics and con - nections in the study of primate brain evolution ' in e . armstrong & d . falk , eds . , primate brain evolution . new york : plenum . beyond this , there is the fact that the integration of even complex so - cial systems is not enough to account for the complexity of human lan - guage . a large number of human social situations seem to be manageable by just a few dozen different utterances ; yet we have a natural linguis - tic ability vastly in excess of that . i suspect that our ancestors may have developed that ability through some nonce mutation , and then over the subsequent millenia have gradually developed uses for it . ( for some at least tangentially relevant thoughts on this subject , see theodore zeldin 's recently published intimate history of humanity , harper - collins . ) before closing this posting , i will quote the following from dorothy hinshaw patent 's message to me , and reiterate my plea in linguist 6-28 for more user-friendliness in our interactions with people who are rea - sonably intelligent , may be well-educated , may even be fellow scientists , but just are n't linguists . ' i was very frustrated by the critics of the ape language work ; they seemed to be looking for reasons to say the work did n't have meaning , and i think your piece summarized many of the frustrations of people like me very well . would that everyone were able to think so clearly ! what i 'd like to see is a linguistic analysis - - using minimal linguistic jargon , so zoologists and psychologists could understand it , too - - of the work done with apes , dolphins , sea lions , and parrots , comparing the """" accom - plishments """" of the different species to one another and to human chil - dren . i 'd like the person doing it to make the assumption , as you have , that the work does have meaning , and go from there , rather than trying to find picky reasons for discounting it because of human hubris . ' let us instead adopt the attitude expressed by sherri condon : ' i think we have much to learn about cognition and communication in all species , and we are fortunate that careful researchers are on the job . ' of course , as is always true not * all * researchers ' on the job ' are ' careful ' , by which i understand ' responsible , not wedded to their hypotheses to such an ex - tent that they are unable to wrestle appropriately with contrary evidence or alternative approaches ' , but the responsible ones definitely deserve encouragement ! best , steven - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dr . steven schaufele 712 west washington urbana , il 61801 217-344 - 8240 fcosws @ prairienet . org * * * * o syntagmata linguarum liberemini humanarum ! * * * * * * nihil vestris privari nisi obicibus potestis ! * * *
 "",0
 1209,""Subject: obligatory affixes : summary
  
  several weeks ago i asked how the traditional notion of obligatory affixes was recast in the theory of realizational morphology . the responce was not exactly overwhelming , but i wish to thank greg stump ( eng101 @ ukcc . uky . edu ) , don ringe ( dringe @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu ) , r . beard ( rbeard @ coral . bucknell . edu ) , and andrew carstairs - mccarthy ( a . c-mcc @ ling . canterbury . ac . nz ) for helpful responses . a few responses ( slightly edited ) : greg stump : in paradigm function theory , a language 's inventory of morphosyntactic features is assumed to determine - - for any major syntactic category x - - a paradigm schema : a set of cells each of which is associated with a complete and fully specified set of morphosyntactic feature specifications appropriate to category x . in latin , for example , the features of case ( i . e . nominative , genitive , dative , accusative , ablative ) , number ( singular , plural ) , and gender ( masculine , feminine , neuter ) determine a paradigm schema for adjectives which consists of thirty cells , one for each of the case / number / gender combinations for which adjectives may be inflected . an adjective 's paradigm is then viewed as the inventory of inflected forms assigned to these cells . for any given cell c in the adjectival paradigm schema , there is a corresponding paradigm function which applies to an adjectival lexeme l to yield the inflected form of l assigned to c . paradigm functions are defined in terms of more specific morphological rules , including rules of exponence and rules of referral ; two or more of these may come into competition in the evaluation of a given paradigm function , in which case the narrower rule overrides the more general . how , then , is the notion of obligatory affixes recast in this theory ? notice first that the architecture of the theory guarantees that every inflected word w of category x will be associated with a complete and fully specified set of morphosyntactic feature specifications appropriate to x , and that it is this set of specifications that drives the inflection of w . in other words , it is the morphology , not ( pace anderson ) the syntax , that ` ensures that any given word has all the features required by the affixes in question ' . ( naturally , i assume that a lexeme 's invariant feature specifications - - e . g . a noun 's gender - - are simply supplied by its lexical entry . ) second , if a particular affix position must be filled , then that position can be assumed to be associated with a set of rules of affixal exponence the least narrow of which functions as the default for that position . [ i have some questions about how that works where the choice of one affix seems to require the presence of morphosyntactic features which are otherwise absent , but it may be that all such examples could be reanalyzed . it would be unfair of me to say more until i ' ve had a chance to correspond with greg . - - mm ] [ some references : ] ` a paradigm-based theory of morphosemantic mismatches ' , _ language _ 67 ( 1991 ) , 675-725 . ` on the theoretical status of position class restrictions on inflectional affixes ' , in _ yearbook of morphology 1991 _ , ed . by geert booij and jaap van marle , 211-241 . ( dordrecht : kluwer , 1992 ) . ` position classes and morphological theory ' , in _ yearbook of morphology 1992 _ , ed . by geert booij and jaap van marle , 129-180 . ( dordrecht : kluwer , 1993 ) . ` on rules of referral ' , _ language _ 69 ( 1993 ) , 449-479 . ` the uniformity of head marking in inflectional morphology ' , to appear in _ yearbook of morphology 1994 _ , ed . by geert booij and jaap van marle . ( dordrecht : kluwer , 1995 ) . don ringe suggested consulting the mit dissertation of r . rolf noyer , """" features , positions , and affixes in autonomous morphological structure """" ( mit working papers in linguistics , dept . of linguistics and philosophy , room 20d-219 , mit , cambridge , ma 02139 ; email address : mitwpl @ athena . mit . edu ; cost $ 12 plus $ 2 s / h in us , $ 3 outside us ) . for background reading on noyer 's dissertation , he recommends the paper by halle & marantz in the festschrift for sylvain bromberger ( called * the view from building 20 * ) . r . beard mentioned a book ( of his , i believe ) """" lexeme - morpheme base morphology """" published by suny press , """" hopefully , in june """" . his theory assumes the complex ip functional categories of current p&p for tense , aspect , mood , etc . ; there also morpholexical features ( which i assume to be things like gender ) .
 "",0
 1210,""Subject: discourse textbooks
  
  several weeks ago i posted a request for recent introductory texts in discourse analysis . i received a number of replies that probably covered the range of possibilities . the most frequently mentioned was schiffren 's new book : schiffrin , deborah . ( 1994 ) . approaches to discourse . blackwell . ( 470 p . ) other books that were mentioned were the following . since i have not been able to check some of the information on these books , i am reproducing their citations more or less as they were sent to me and in alphabetical order . i have omitted a few suggestions that were clearly not general and introductory . i thank all of those who responded . you were all gracious and helpful . since this is already long i will not name you here . you know who you are . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * de beaugrande , r . ( 1980 ) . text , discourse and process , longman . de beaugrande , r . and dresler . ( 1983 ) . introduction to text linguistics . longman , london chafe , wallace . ( 1994 ) . discourse , consciousness , and time : the flow and displacement of conscious experience in speaking and writing . u . of chicago press . cook , g . 1989 ( ? ) . discourse . oxford : oup . coulthard , malcolm . ( 1977 , 1985 ) . an introduction to discourse analysis . longman . eggins , suzanne . ( 1994 ) . an introduction to systemic-functional linguistics . pinter / st . martin 's . fairclough . ( 1992 ) . discourse and social change . polity press . hartmann , r . r . k . ( 1980 ) . contrastive textology . comparative discourse analysis in applied linguistics . heidelberg , julius groos verlag . studies in descriptive linguistics . vol . 5 . 125 pages . hatch , e . ( 1992 ) . discourse and language education . cambridge : cup hatim b . and mason i . ( 1990 ) . discourse and the translator . ( longman ) . kamp , h . and reyle , u . ( 1993 ) . from discourse to logic . kluwer . lambrecht , knud . ( 1994 ) . information structure and sentence form . cambridge university press . langford , david . ( 1994 ) . analysing talk : investigating verbal interaction in english . basingstoke : macmillan . ( 190 p . ) mann , william and thompson , sandra . ( 1992 ) . discourse description : diverse linguistic analyses of a fund-raising text . amsterdam : john benjamins . martin , james . ( 1992 ) . english text . benjamins . mccarthy and carter . ( 1994 ) . language as discourse : perspectives for language teachers . longman . mey , jacob . pragmatics . robert e . nofsinger ( 1991 ) : everyday conversation . newbury park : sage . renkema , jan . ( 1993 ) . discourse studies . an introductory textbook . amsterdam etc . : benjamins , ix + 1-224 pp . isbn 90 272 2136 7 stenstoem , a . b . ( 1994 ) . an introduction to spoken interaction . london : longman . raphael salkie mentioned his . . . """" basic introduction to text and discourse analysis which will be published by routledge in their workbooks series in april . the book basically covers cohesion and coherence , with some reference to larger textual patterns in the last chapter . """" * * * * * * * * * * * * * * karl krahnke krahnke @ holly . colostate . edu
 "",0
 1211,""Subject: second call for papers optionality workshop , utrecht
  
  please post - second call for papers - second call for papers - the research institute for language and speech ( ots ) , utrecht university , organizes a . . . . . workshop on optionality to be held on september 1 - 2 , 1995 . keynote speakers : jane grimshaw ( rutgers ) tony kroch ( penn ) tanya reinhart ( tel aviv / utrecht ) edwin williams ( princeton ) given a general notion of economy , free word order as well as other optional phenomena are problematic in current linguistic theory . nevertheless , optionality is widely attested in natural language , not only synchronically , but also diachronically and in language acquisition . we would therefore like to invite papers that deal with the theoretical problem of optionality from either of these perspectives . in addition to 4 ( invited ) keynote talks , we have 12 slots for 35 min . papers . please send 5 copies of an anonymous two-page abstract , one camera-ready version and a 3x5 """" card with name ( s ) of author ( s ) , title of paper , affiliation , phone number and e-mail address to : workshop on optionality , research institute for language and speech ( ots ) , utrecht university , trans 10 , 3512 jk utrecht , netherlands . we hope to be able to ( partially ) reimburse speakers . the deadline for submissions is may 1 , 1995 . submissions by e-mail or fax will not be accepted . for a more detailed description of the topic of the workshop , please contact neeleman @ let . ruu . nl or weerman @ let . ruu . nl .
 "",0
 1212,""Subject: job opening at ucla
  
  please ignore the nov . 30 deadline on the previous announcement of this opening . ucla extension continues to accept applications for the job opening below until the position is filled . ucla extension head of the american language center ucla extension seeks an experienced esl professional to direct the american language center ( alc ) . this individual is reponsible for the development and marketing ( domestic and international ) as well as the implementation of a wide range of english as a second language programs . these include a year-round intensive program , part-time evening credit , non-credit and short-term special contract programs . the alc serves about 2300 international students annually and provides , in addition to language instruction , other support including student visas , housing and academic counseling . the successful candidate will be responsible for - the fiscal oversight and management of a budget of approx . 3 million dollars - an administrative staff of 12 to 20 and a teaching staff of 30 to 90 , depending on the time of year - program promotion and marketing - curriculum development the american language center is a unit within the department of humanities , sciences , and social sciences . under the guidance of the department director , the head of alc will plan and implement international continuing education programs in various subject areas combined with language training . he / she will have a leading role in the general international marketing of ucla extension programs and will work with a wide variety of inter - and intra-institutional organizations . required qualifications : - a minimum of a master 's degree in tesl or a closely related field . - a minimum of five years demonstrated successful experience in directing similar programs . - familiarity with foreign travel and cultures ; a foreign language capability preferred . - demonstrated ability in writing , public speaking ; - outstanding academic and administrative leadership skills ; - demonstrated expertise in the management of a multi-million dollar esl program within a large , complex educational institution . salary is commensurate with education and experience . application deadline : the position is open and is to be filled as soon as possible . to request additional position information or to apply , contact : beth marshall director of human resources ucla extension 10995 le conte avenue los angeles , ca 90024
 "",0
 1213,""Subject: sixth jk conference
  
  content - length : 3595 call for papers the sixth japanese / korean linguistics conference university of hawaii at manoa august 8 - 10 , 1995 deadline for submission of abstracts : april 30 , 1995 on - campus accommodations and board will be provided for presenters . keynote speakers samuel martin ( professor emeritus ) yale university noriko akatsuka university of california , los angeles this conference aims to provide a forum for presenting research in korean and japanese linguistics , thereby facilitating efforts to deepen our understanding of these two languages , which have striking typological similarities . potential topics include , but are not limited to : syntax , semantics , phonology , morphology , pragmatics , historical linguistics , typology , psycholinguistics , sociolinguistics , language acquisition , and discourse . presentations are 20 minutes long and will be followed by a 10 minute question / answer period . abstract should include : 1 . seven ( 7 ) copies of a one-page abstract ( no more than 500 words ) with a title . omit your name and affiliation from the abstract . the one-page ( 500 word ) limit should be strictly observed ; a second page may be used only for data and citing references . 2 . a 3 """" by 5 """" card with the title of the paper , the name of the author ( s ) , the mailing address of the author , the author 's affiliation , phone number , fax number , and e-mail address . if your address , phone number , or e-mail address will be different for any period prior to the conference , please include that information as well . 3 . a self-addressed , stamped postcard if you wish to be notified when your abstract has been received 4 . only one abstract may be submitted as a single author . the same person may also submit one jointly authored abstract . abstracts should be sent to one of the addresses below by april 30 , 1995 . on the face of the envelope , to the right of the mailing address , please print """" discourse / functional """" or """" formal """" , as appropriate . please note that phonology and phonetics are to be included under the category formal . sohn ( formal ) j / k conference dept of east asian langs & lits university of hawaii at manoa 1890 east west road honolulu , hi 96822 iwasaki ( discourse / functional ) j / k conference dept of east asian langs & cultures ucla los angeles , ca 90095-1540 the proceedings of this conference will be published as japanese / korean linguistics vol . 6 by the center for the study of language and information and will be distributed through cambridge university press . please contact john haig for questions and further information . his e-mail address is : haig @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu
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 1214,""Subject: gls 1995 : developments in discourse analysis
  
  the georgetown linguistics society presents gls 1995 : developments in discourse analysis february 17-19 , 1995 georgetown university , washington d . c . gls 1995 : developments in discourse analysis is an interdisciplinary conference featuring presentations and colloquia focusing on a variety of topics in discourse analysis , ranging from discourse analytic theory to the use of discourse analysis as a tool in other disciplines . papers address discourse in the media , the workplace , the classroom , everyday conversation , and in therapeutic , political , legal , religious , and other institutional contexts , addressing such areas as gender , identity , argument , authority , and narrative . the discourse analytic approaches include interactional sociolinguistics , critical discourse analysis , ethnography , conversation analysis , and cognitive science . the conference presenters , paper titles , and plenary speakers are provided below in this announcement . * * how to contact gls 1995 * * requests for information , including information about transportation , accomodations , and a discount on airfare , may be addressed to the georgetown linguistics society : gls 1995 gls @ guvax . georgetown . edu georgetown university gls @ guvax . bitnet department of linguistics 202-687 - 6166 479 intercultural center washington , d . c . 20057-1068 regularly updated information about gls 1995 is also available through the world - wide web georgetown linguistics home page : http : / / www . georgetown . edu / cball / gu _ lx . html pre-registration form for * * gls 1995 * * please complete and print this form or provide the required information on another sheet of paper and mail to gls 1995 , georgetown university , department of linguistics , 479 intercultural center , washington , d . c . 20057-1068 name : affiliation : mailing address : e - mail address : phone number : registration fee . please remit the appropriate registration fee in the form of a check or money order made payable to """" georgetown university """" : student non - student preregistration ( through feb . 10 ) $ 20 . 00 $ 30 . 00 on - site registration $ 30 . 00 $ 40 . 00 attendance needs ( ) american sign language interpretation ( ) crash space ( first-come basis ) ( ) other ( please specify ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * conference schedule * * friday , february 17 2 : 00 pm to 7 : 45 pm , reception at 8 : 00 pm saturday , february 18 9 : 30 am to 7 : 15 pm sunday , february 19 9 : 30 am to 5 : 00 pm * * plenary speakers * * * frederick erickson , university of pennsylvania * charles goodwin , university of south carolina * heidi hamilton , georgetown university * deborah schiffrin , georgetown university * roger shuy , georgetown university * deborah tannen , georgetown university * * colloquia * * discourse and conflict ( coordinator : christina kakava ) * faye c . mcnair - knox discourse and conflict in african - american english womantalk : patterns of grammaticalized disapproval in narratives * christina kakava evaluation in personal and vicarious stories : mirror of a greek man 's self * patricia e . o'connor ' you can't keep a man down ' : positioning in conflict talk and in violent acts * laine berman life stories from the streets : homeless children 's narratives of violence and the construction of a better world developments in conversation analysis : oh , what , or , pardon ( coordinator : maria egbert ) * paul drew ' what ' ? : a sequential basis for an ' open ' form of repair initiation in conversation ( and some implications for cognitive approaches to interaction ) * maria egbert the relevance of interactants ' eye gaze to the organization of other-initiated repair : the case of german ' bitte ? ' ( ' pardon ? ' ) * anna lindstrom ' or ' - constructed inquiries as a resource for probing the relevance of prior talk in swedish conversation * john heritage ' oh ' - prefaced responses to inquiry developments in signed language discourse ( coordinator : melanie metzger ) * ruth morgan the interplay of place and space in a namibian sign language narrative * kathleen wood negotiating literate identities : life stories of deaf students * susan m . mather adult - deaf toddler discourse * tina m . neumann figurative language in an american sign language poem : personification and prosopopoeia * scott liddell and melanie metzger spatial mapping in an asl narrative : examining the use of multiple surrogate spaces * elizabeth a . winston spatial mapping in comparative discourse frames in american sign language frames theory ( coordinator : janice hornyak ) * janice hornyak personal and professional frames in office discourse * susan hoyle negotiation of footing in play * carolyn kinney the interaction of frames , roles and footings : conversational strategies of co-leaders in a long-term group * yoshiko nakano interplay of expectations in cross-cultural miscommunication : a case study of negotiations between americans and japanese * suwako watanabe framing in group discussion : a comparison between japanese and american students * * paper sessions * * negotiating authority and status * cynthia dickel dunn the language of the tea teacher : shifting indexical ground in a japanese pedagogical context * lena gavruseva ' what is this drivel about garages ? ' : the construction of authoritative self in the cover letter discourse * geoffrey raymond the voice of authority : sequence and turn design in live news broadcasts * hideko nornes abe discourse analysis on distal and direct styles of japanese women 's speech will the real author please stand up ? : exploiting the speech of others * richard buttny talking race on campus : reported speech in accounts of race relations at a university campus * akira satoh reported speech in english and japanese : a comparative analysis * joyce tolliver evidentiality and accountability in literary narrative interpreting , challenging , evaluating gender * jennifer curtis contestation of masculine identities in a battering intervention program * keller s . magenau more than feminine : attending to power and social distance dimensions in spoken and written workplace communication * keli yerian male and female tv directors talking on the air and off * donna trousdale social languages and privileging : gender and school science discourse discourse influences on syntactic categories and structures * jennifer arnold the interaction between discourse focus and verbal form in mapudungun * rajesh bhatt information status and word order in hindi * paul hopper discourse and the category ' verb ' in english discursive enactments of cultural ideologies * isolda carranza stance - making in oral interviews * agnes weiyun he stories as interactional resources : narrative activity in academic counseling encounters * shari e . kendall religion and experience : constructed dialogue , narrative , and life story in religious testimonies political , intellectual , institutional identities * anna de fina pronominal choice , identity and solidarity in political discourse * charlotte linde other people 's stories : third person narrative in individual and group identity * karen tracy the identity work of questioning in intellectual discussion computational approaches to discourse analysis * megan moser and johanna d . moore an approach to the study of discourse cues * yan qu a computational approach for automatically extracting discourse rules * donald lewis theme and eventline in a classical hebrew narrative : a computer-assisted analysis competing discourses and dominance * tony hak ' she has clear delusions ' : the production of a factual account * catherine f . smith democratic discourses * john clark standard and vernacular : persuasive discourse styles in conflict * kathryn remlinger keeping it straight : the socio-linguistic construction of a heterosexual ideology in a campus community interactional construction of cognitive understanding * pamela w . jordan and megan moser global coordination in computer-mediated conversation * claudia roncarati repetition and cognition in the information flow : a case-study in brazilian portuguese database * andrea tyler and john bro examining perceptions of text comprehensibility : the effect of order and contextualization cues * toshiko hamaguchi manifestation of shared knowledge in conversation humorous faces * nancy k . baym humorous performance in a computer-mediated group * diana boxer and florencia cortes - conde teasing that bonds : conversational joking and identity display conversational moves * c . antaki , f . diaz , a . collins participants ' orientation to footing : evidence from conversational completion * peter muntigl saving face in argument : an analysis of face-threatening disagreements * martin warren how do conversations begin and end ? interactional explanations for patterns of variation * scott fabius kiesling using interactional discourse analysis to explain variation * sylvie dubois the coherent network of effects on discourse privileged views in media discourse * gertraud benke news about news : textual features of news agency copies and their usage in the newsproduction * debra graham racism in the reporting of the o . j . simpson arrest : a critical discourse analysis approach * ian hutchby arguments and asymmetries on talk radio * joanna thornborrow talk shows and democratic discourse narrative structures across languages * viola g . miglio tense alternations in medieval prose texts * asli ozyurek how children use connectives to talk about a conversation * marybeth culley rhetorical elaborations of a chiricahua apache comic narrative genre prior discourses and the structure of classroom interaction * mary buchinger bodwell """" now what does that mean , ' first draft ' ? """" : adult literacy classes and alternative models of editing a text * deborah poole the effects of text on talk in a classroom literacy event * myriam torres why teachers do not engage in co-construction of knowledge : a critical discourse analysis * * upcoming georgetown conferences * * georgetown round table on languages and linguistics 1995 . """" linguistics and the education of second language teachers : ethnolinguistic , psycholinguistic , and sociolinguistic aspects . """" pre - sessions and conference , march 6-11 , 1995 . contact : carolyn a . straehle , 202-687 - 5726 , gurt @ guvax . georgetown . edu , gurt 1995 , 303 icc , washington , d . c . 20057-1067 . ( this announcement ) . georgetown linguistics society ( gls ) 1995 : developments in discourse analysis . february 17-19 , 1995 . contact : coordinators of gls 1995 , 202-687 - 6166 , gls @ guvax . georgetown . edu , gls 1995 , 479 icc , washington , d . c . 20057-1068 . end of announcement . please distribute as widely as possible . thank you .
 "",0
 1215,""Subject: hwaet ! old english software
  
  at the lsa software poster session in january , i gave out some copies of a macintosh ' electronic book ' i developed for learning old english ( ' hwaet ! old english in context ' , version 0 . 5 ) . after i got home i found some problems and typos , so i ' ve made a new version - if any readers got the old version , let me know , and i ' ll send you version 0 . 6 . i ' ve also converted a chunk of it to run on the web : it 's at http : / / www . georgetown . edu / cball / hwaet / hwaet06 . html this version looks best under mosaic for windows , which has thorn and eth , but i have n't converted all the sound files yet . thanks . . . - - cathy ball ( cball @ guvax . georgetown . edu )
 "",0
 1216,""Subject: optimality workshop
  
  reminder : the deadline for registration for the optimality theory workshop scheduled for saturday , april 8 , at the university of wisconsin - milwaukee is friday , march 10 . for further information , send e-mail to edith @ csd . uwm . edu
 "",0
 1217,""Subject: referencing example numbers in wordperfect
  
  i ' ve held back from adding my 5 - cents ( or 18 - pounds ) worth , but in case it 's of interest for users of wordperfect 5 . 1 / 5 . 2 , my num automatic renumbering program provides well-tested and efficient numbering of linguistic examples , etc - in a way that is far simpler and quicker in practice than using wp 's rather clumsy built-in cross-reference system , and with some extra advantages , such as automatic shortening of cross-references like """" 101-109 """" to """" 101 - 9 """" if desired , simple cross-referencing between and across files , etc . dozens of users worldwide find num to be reliable , helpful , even essential ( so they tell me ) . i have not ( yet ) upgraded num to work with wordperfect 6 . 0 / 6 . 1 , partly from pressure of other work , partly because i have had mixed reports on whether the advent of counters in wp 6 + is enough of an advance to wipe out num 's potential advantage in speed and convenience . i really need informed advice from linguists who know what num can do with wp 5 . 1 / 5 . 2 and who have also used wp 6 : if a num upgrade worked as well with wp 6 as it does with wp 5 . 1 , would you use it ? let me know . and for continuing users of wp 5 . 1 , i ' ll be happy , as always , to send info on num . david denison _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( dr ) david denison e-mail : d . denison @ man . ac . uk dept of english language & literature tel . + 44 161-275 3154 university of manchester fax . + 44 161-275 3256 manchester m13 9pl , uk .
 "",0
 1218,""Subject: announcement universite de geneve
  
  universite de geneve faculte des lettres departement de linguistique generale et de linguistique francaise diplome d ' etudes superieures de linguistique : option analyse des dialogues une des options du diplome d ' etudes superieures de linguistique ( enseignement de 3e cycle ) 1995-1996 sera consacree a la presentation des derniers developpements du modele genevois d ' analyse des dialogues . ce programme est destine aux licencies en francais et en linguistique de l ' universite de geneve , aux doctorants d ' autres universites suisses et etrangeres , ainsi qu ' aux enseignants , qui desirent approfondir leurs connaissances theoriques et pratiques dans la maitrise et l ' exploitation du modele genevois d ' analyse des dialogues . il comprendra les cours et seminaires suivants , qui seront donnes au semestre d ' hiver 1995-1996 ( le semestre d ' ete 1996 etant consacre principalement a la redaction du memoire ) : e . roulet : une approche modulaire de l ' analyse de dialogues c . rubattel : structuration du dialogue : contraintes interactionnelles sur la syntaxe et contraintes syntaxiques sur l ' interaction e . manzotti & c . rossari : contrastes et oppositions : du lexique au discours j . moeschler : theorie pragmatique et pragmatique conversationnelle a . auchlin : la dimension affective du dialogue l . perrin : les dimensions diaphoniques et polyphoniques des dialogues les cours et seminaires du semestre d ' hiver 1995-1996 se donneront de fin octobre a mi-mars . la brochure qui presente officiellement l ' ensemble des des 95 / 96 de la faculte des lettres vous sera adressee sur demande des sa parution , sans doute a fin avril . pour tout renseignement , contacter : professeur eddy roulet , recorat , universite de geneve , 1211 geneve 4 , suisse tel . + 41 . 22 / 705 . 75 . 16 fax : + 41 . 22 / 329 . 42 . 90 e-mail : roulet @ uni2a . unige . ch . jacques moeschler departement de linguistique universite de geneve ch-1211 geneve 4 tel . + 41 . 22 / 705 . 72 . 76 fax . + 41 . 22 / 328 . 52 . 13 email moeschlj @ uni2a . unige . ch
 "",0
 1219,""Subject: comp ling summer school
  
  international summer school """" contemporary topics in computational linguistics """" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 - 13 sept 1995 tzigov chark , bulgaria dates : 9 - 13 sept 1995 ( arrival 8 sept ) location : tzigov chark is a beautiful resort in the rhodope mountains surrounding the batak lake . tzigov chark is 150km from sofia , the capital of bulgaria . preliminary programme : a . joshi ( university of pennsylvania , usa ) lexicalized tree-adjoining grammars j . tsujii ( umist , manchester , uk ) knowledge acquisition from corpora j . haller ( iai , saarbrucken , germany ) unification - based machine translation j . schutz ( iai , saarbrucken , germany ) language engineering j . hutchins ( university of east anglia , uk ) machine translation : history , current status and possible future developments w . von hahn ( university of hamburg , germany ) knowledge - based machine aided translation y . matsumoto ( nara institute of science and technology , japan ) lexical knowledge acquisition a . ramsey ( university college dublin ) interpretation in context key - sun choi ( kaist , taejon , korea ) english - to - korean machine translation rodolfo delmonte ( university of venice , italy ) referring expressions in sublanguages c . martin - vide ( universidad rovira i virgilli , tarragona , spain ) mathematical linguistics : its relevance for computational linguistics and cognitive science other speakers are expected to confirm their participation . a more complete list will be given in the next announcement . summer school information : for further information please contact : nicolas nicolov ( nicolas @ edinburgh . aisb . ac . uk ) or prof . ruslan mitkov ( mitkov @ informatik . uni-hamburg . de ) related events : the summer school participants are also invited to take part in the int . conference """" recent advances in natural language processing """" , which will take place immediately after the summer school in velingrad , 20 km from tzigov chark . further information about the conference can be obtained from : nicolas nicolov ( nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk ) or prof . r . mitkov ( mitkov @ informatik . uni-hamburg . de ) nb prof . ruslan mitkov 's new email is : ( mitkov @ informatik . uni-hamburg . de ) third anouncement : a more complete tutorial program , information about registration fees , and accommodation will be posted in due time .
 "",0
 1220,""Subject: autumn school of the gldv
  
  * * * * * * * gesellschaft fuer linguistische datenverarbeitung * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * herbstschule 1995 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * moderne methoden der corpusanalyse 11 . - 15 . september 1995 universitaet bonn psychologie / informatik - zentrum , roemerstrasse 164 programm : kurs 1 : methoden der standardisierung - eine einfuehrung in sgml und tei ( textual encoding initiative ) ( dr . peter scherber , goettingen ) kurs 2 : morphologie und tagging ( prof . dr . roland hausser , erlangen ) kurs 3 : fachsprachliche korpora ( prof . dr . bergenholtz , aahus ) kurs 4 : statistischer zugriff auf korpora : disambiguierung und tagging ( dr . robert neumann , cyril belica und doris al - wadi , institut fuer deutsche sprache , mannheim ) kurs 5 : textmodellbasierte korpusanalyse ( dr . karin haenelt , gmd darmstadt ) kurs 6 : korpora gesprochener sprache ( prof . dr . randall jones , brigham young university , provo ) . naehere informationen zu den einzelnen kursen wie inhaltsnagabe , literatur , zeiten etc . sowie zur gesamten herbstschule werden an die angemeldeten teilnehmer ab ca . 1 . juni 1995 versandt . exkursion : mittwoch , 13 . september , besichtigung von forschungslabors der gesellschaft fuer mathematik und datenverarbeitung ( gmd ) in st . augustin - birlinghoven , anschliessend wanderung im siebengebirge und weinabend in oberdollendorf / koenigswinter . plenarvortraege : prof . dr . h . schnelle , bochum : """" wortvernetzungen in computer und gehirn """" prof . dr . manfred bierwisch , berlin : thema vorauss . : """" universalien und idiosynkrasien im lexikon """" gebuehren : bei anmeldung vor dem 15 . juni 1995 studenten sonstige mitglieder der gldv : 60 , - - 100 , - - nichtmitglieder : 80 . - - 130 , - - bei anmeldung nach dem 15 . juni 1995 : studenten sonstige mitglieder der gldv : 100 , - - 140 , - - nichtmitglieder : 120 , - - 170 , - - die teilnehmergebuehr ist mit der anmeldung auf das im anmeldeformular ( siehe unten ) angegebene konto zu ueberweisen . unterbringung : jugendgaestehaus bonn - venusberg ( bus - transfer ) : 4 - bett - zimmer , mit fruehstueck , 31 . 50 p . p . / nacht gaestehaus d . internationalen jugendforum bonn : 2 - bett - zimmer , mit fruehstueck , 63 , oo p . p . / nacht 1 - bett - zimmer , mit fruehstueck , 95 , 00 dm p . p . / nacht studentenwohnheim : sammelunterbringung ( kueche , bad , wc ) , 10 , 00 dm p . p . / nacht verpflegung : mensa , cafeteria unmittelbar im tagungsgebaeude schwimmbad : roemerbad , um die ecke des tagungsgebaeudes anmeldeformular : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * verbindliche anmeldung zur teilnahme an der gldv - herbstschule vom 11 . - 15 . september 1995 in bonn name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vorname . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . strasse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wohnort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . student an universitaet / hochschule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gewuenschte unterbringung ( bitte ankreuzen ) : jugendgaestehaus bonn - venusberg ( bus - transfer ) : ( ) 4 - bett - zimmer , mit fruehstueck , 31 . 50 p . p . / nacht gaestehaus d . internationalen jugendforum bonn : ( ) 2 - bett - zimmer , mit fruehstueck , 63 , oo p . p . / nacht ( ) 1 - bett - zimmer , mit fruehstueck , 95 , 00 dm p . p . / nacht studentenwohnheim : ( ) sammelunterbringung ( kueche , bad , wc ) , 10 , 00 dm p . p . / nacht ( ) besorge unterbringung selbst die angebotenen unterbringungsmoeglichkeiten koennen nur bei einer anmeldung bis zum 15 . 6 . 1995 gewaehrleistet werden . spaeter eingehende unterbringungswuensche werden erfuellt , so gut es dann noch geht . zahlung der gebuehren : teilnehmergebuer : dm . . . . . . . . unterbringung : garantiebetrag fuer 1 uebernachtung : dm . . . . . . . . den gesamtbetrag von dm . . . . . . . . ueberweise ich auch das konto n . 502199013 bei der volksbank bonn , blz 380 601 86 unter angabe des verwendungszwecks """" gldv - herbstschule 1995 """" . unterschrift : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . anmeldung bitte schicken an gesellschaft fuer linguistische datenverarbeitung e . v . * 1 . vositzender * prof . dr . winfried lenders * institut fuer kommunikationsforschung und phonetik * der universitaet bonn * poppelsdorfer allee 47 * d-53115 bonn * * tel . + 49 ( 228 ) 735646 * * fax + 49 ( 228 ) 735639 * * e-mail : lenders @ uni-bonn . de * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",0
 1221,""Subject: re : 6 . 280 sum : about e . h . tuttle
  
  the publisher in rutland , vt and tokyo is called charles e . tuttle , publisher , among other fine books , of andrew n . nelson 's japanese - english character dictionary . my copy of nelson is from 1975 , and i have also a copy of k . g . henshall , a guide to remembering japanese characters , with an imprint of 1990 . so the publisher still exists today , and has not just existed until the 1960s . hartmut haberland
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 1222,""Subject: e . h . tuttle
  
  xulio sousa wrote : ) e . h . tuttle and co . : publisher located in tokyo and vermont , ) specialized in books on japan . existed at least into 1960s . they still existed at least as of last year . they publish such things as vietnamese - english dictionaries . tony wright ( twright @ accdvm . accd . edu ) st . philip 's college san antonio , texas
 "",0
 1223,""Subject: re : 6 . 282 sum : asl dictionary on cd-rom
  
  i 'd like to point out that two of the dictionaries of asl on cd-rom mentioned in bernard comrie 's recent message , namely : - - multimedia dictionary of asl ( mm-dasl ) , release planned for summer of 1995 . - - asl dictionary on cd-rom developed by dennis cokely at linstok press , are in fact the same dictionary . i am the grant author and director of this project and would be happy to answer any questions . we do plan a summer 1995 release . the mm-dasl will allow searching from english to asl , and ( critcally , in our opinion ) , directly via asl phonological parameters . all information in the mm-dasl ( definitions , grammatical category , etc . ) are of the * asl * word ( not its english gloss , as is the case , i am told , for the harpercollins dictionary ) . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = sherman wilcox wilcox @ mail . unm . edu associate professor dept . of linguistics ( 505 ) 277-6353 v / tty university of new mexico ( 505 ) 277-6355 fax albuquerque , nm 87131 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
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 1224,""Subject: workshop announcement articulatory databases
  
  workshop on articulatory databases munich thursday 25th and friday 26th may , 1995 we are currently starting the preparations for a two-day workshop on articulatory databases . this will be the third in the series of workshops organized by the accor working group ( a consortium of phonetic institutes financed by the european community 's esprit programme ) and and follows the electromagnetic articulography meeting in munich ( april , 1992 ) , and the tongue modelling meeting in barcelona ( december 1993 ) . a few words on the aims of a meeting devoted to such an apparently dry topic : the basic premise is that the free availability of articulatory data could provide benefits in several partly overlapping areas : in basic research it could allow investigators to test hypotheses formulated in articulatory terms on a much wider range of data than the individual worker would normally be able to acquire or access unaided . it could promote the development and testing of algorithms for deriving articulatory representations from acoustic data - relevant both for basic understanding of speech production as well as in potential applications such as speech displays for training the speech impaired . it could promote the development and testing of algorithms for speech synthesis / recognition using an articulatory level of representation . the aim of the workshop would be to generate an exchange of ideas among people active in these areas in order to identify , for example ( further suggestions welcome ) : 1 ) what articulatory data is in existence that it would be beneficial to make more freely available ( archival / retrospective approach ) ? 2 ) what standards should freely available data meet ? - specification of recording conditions - anatomical frames of reference - levels of accuracy / reliability - linguistic specification of the speech samples - preferred data structures for distribution . - any other issues relevant to the data being used without risk of misinterpretation by people not actually involved in the the details of acquisition articulatory data can come in many guises depending on the speech subsystem tapped into and the transduction technique used . thus , it is possible to monitor position ( 1 , 2 or 3 dimensions ) , force , emg , airpressure / flow with techniques that may be static or dynamic , may involve imaging or point-tracking etc . etc . we think that people directly involved in acquisition can also benefit from considering how techniques can be standardized to promote maximum comparability of recordings made at different sites and with different hardware . 3 ) in analogy to acoustic databases ( where unlabelled data is of only the most limited use ) , what segmentation and labelling information ( and tools for the exploitation thereof ) could / should be made available with the raw data to facilitate flexible access for different purposes ? 4 ) for future recordings , what categories of data and corpora would be potentially of most widespread use ? if you are interested in participating please contact phil hoole ( preferably by email ) at the address below as soon as possible . further information on registration and format for presentations will be distributed early in 1995 . please also draw this letter to the attention of any colleagues you think might be interested . phil hoole and hans tillmann institut fuer phonetik munich university schellingstr . 3 d - 80799 munich germany fax : + 49 89 2800362 email : hoole @ sun1 . phonetik . uni-muenchen . de
 "",0
 1225,""Subject: grants - in-aid available
  
  five $ 400 . 00 grants-in - aid are available from the text and academic authors association . you have to join to be eligible ( # 35 . 00 special for new members for first year ) . monies can be used to defray almost any expenses associated with academic writing ( including travel ) . deadline is march 30 and applications should include 1 ) brief description of work incl . background , objectives and methodology ( 3 pp max double spaced ) . 2 ) budget and completion schedule 3 ) cv . send to norma hood , taa , po box 535 , orange springs , fl 32182-0535 . 904 / 546-5419 . l . kathy heilenman dept . of french & italian u . of iowa , iowa city ia 52242 ( l-heilenman @ uiowa . edu )
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 1226,""Subject: dictionaries of subcategorization frames
  
  for a colleague who is not on the list : what dictionaries ( on-line or printed ) are available of subcategorization frames of verbs ? e . g . obligatory or optional complements or adjuncts , semantic requirements of particular predicates . we are interested in english and / or in slavic languages . please write to my address : ewb2 @ cornell . edu wayles browne , assoc . prof . of linguistics dept . of modern languages and linguistics , morrill hall cornell university ithaca , new york 14853 , u . s . a . tel . 607-255 - 0712 ( o ) , 607-273 - 3009 ( h ) e-mail ewb2 @ cornell . edu ( 1989 to 1993 was : jn5j @ cornella . bitnet / / jn5j @ cornella . cit . cornell . edu )
 "",0
 1227,""Subject: child language
  
  i ' m a researcher of child language from finland currently involved in a longitudinal research project . i wonder if anyone could give me advice on the latest research which deals with the phonological / morphological """" word """" structure of 2 year old children . i ' m also interested if anyone has experience in imitation tasks with 18 month old children ? i 'd be grateful for any advice ulla richardson university of jyvaskyla finland e-mail : ulanri @ jyu . fi
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 1228,""Subject: high german in southern germany
  
  i have just started a phd on """" the use of high german and attitudes towards high german in a south german region """" . at the moment i am putting together a questionaire but i also want to involve other techniques of data collection . i would like to get some more ideas on various methods of data collection . i would also like to hear about experiences with the matched guise technique . if there is any """" very """" recent literature on language attitude studies especially in dialect - standard language settings , please pass that on to me , too . thank you anne hof department of german university of manchester manchester m13 9pl england e-mail : mflugah @ fs1 . art . man . ac . uk
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 1229,""Subject: south slavic phonology
  
  hi could anyone recommend a good fairly uncomplicated book on south slavic phonology and / or morphology ? i 'd appreciate it much . thanks , donald p . hussey boston college husseyd @ bcvms . bc . edu
 "",0
 1230,""Subject: request : written corpus of various genres
  
  i am looking for a public corpus of about 200 , 000 words containing current written texts of various genres . i need this for text analysis in an introduction to linguistics class i will be teaching this summer . could anyone help me ? i apologize for burdening the readers with this request . i have a feeling this topic was dealt with on this list before at a time it did not interest me . i would like a corpus that would be transferable via internet and one that my students and i could quote from freely in our research . thanks . ali = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ali - asghar aghbar , dept . of english , indiana u . of pa , indiana , pa 15705 bitnet : aaghbar @ iup internet : aaghbar @ grove . iup . edu phone : 412-357 2262
 "",0
 1231,""Subject: whatever happened to 'd ?
  
  dear subscribers , recently i came across an example of better used without had in the following construction : she better stop . as it was an american publication , i assumed that the use of had in such expressions had completely disappeared , in written as well as spoken us english . i would not have been surprised to find that it had disappeared from spoken usage , since there are obvious phonological reasons , but the loss of it in writing indicated to me that the use of better alone was quite standardised . this poses a question for me , and i was wondering if anyone out there has a suggestion . if it is now standardised , and there is no longer a had , why does n't the former bare infinitive stop now become finite and take 3ps inflection ( ? she better stops ) ? is this because it now has assumed a subjunctive-like quality ? can it then be associated with the expression : it is better that she stop ? if so , can another adjective be substituted for better here , e . g . it is good that she stop ) ? ? she good stop ? how has this been reanalysed , and what are the implications ? ( susan dopke informs me that some grammarians have interpreted better in these contexts as an auxiliary , and if that is the case , can we use sub-aux inversion to make it a question ? ( ? better she stop ? ) is this now acceptable too ? please send your suggestions if this bothers you . debbie ziegeler
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 1232,""Subject: seminar : the conservation of endangered languages
  
  the centre for theories of language and learning university of bristol department of philosophy announces a seminar on the conservation of endangered languages friday april 21st 1995 at 9 woodland rd , bristol bs8 1tb , england according to reliable estimates , half of the world 's six thousand languages will become extinct in the next century . furthermore , two thousand of the remaining three thousand languages will be threatened during the century after next . in the uk these startling facts have recently received media attention , stimulated partly by the publication this year of the atlas of the world 's languages , edited by christopher moseley and r . e . asher ( routledge ) . the rapid decline is largely due to a mixture of economic and political pressures affecting communities that speak minority languages , pressures which remove the new generation 's motivation for communicating in their traditional language . the problem of language-extinction raises fundamental questions . what is the value of these threatened languages to science and to humankind in general ? what principles might justify us in striving to keep small languages alive ? what reasons are there for preserving them in archive form ? the seminar is aimed primarily at academics from such disciplines as philosophy , ethics , anthropology , linguistics , sociolinguistics , cultural history , ecology and population biology , but is open to all interested persons . seminar programme registration desk opens 9 . 30a . m . 10-11 am mapping the future of the world 's languages mr . christopher moseley , co - editor of atlas of the world 's languages 1994 11-12 should linguistic diversity be preserved ? dr . mark pagel , dept of zoology , oxford university 12 - 1 who wants to learn a native language in latin america ? prof . marcelo dascal , inst . of advanced studies , hebrew university of jerusalem 1 - 2 lunch 2 - 3 thinking twice : issues in welsh as a second language in children under 5 ms . sian wyn siencyn , language consultant , author of the sound of europe 3 - 4 orchestrating language revival mr . allan wynne jones , european bureau for lesser used languages 4 - 6 round table and discussion with contributions from the floor * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * seminar registration form i should like to register for the one day seminar at bristol university and enclose my cheque for the amount stated below . signature : name ( capitals ) : address and telephone : e-mail : accomodation wanted ? a limited amount of single bed and breakfast accomodation can be provided near to the seminar venue , at a cost of 22 uk pounds per night ( standard room ) or 36 uk pounds ( en suite room ) . b&b night of thursday 20th april : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ b&b night of friday 21st april : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total ( accomodation ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration fee : 5 uk pounds total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please send this form and cheque payable to ' the university of bristol ' to : ctll , graduate studies centre , 7 woodland road , bristol bs8 1tb uk . for further information , contact the seminar organisers dan brickley and andrew woodfield ( email : centre-tll @ bristol . ac . uk ) a background article on the topic is also available by email or by accessing the ctll world wide web pages using the following internet url : http : / / www . bris . ac . uk / depts / philosophy / ctll / index . html
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 1233,""Subject: re : 6 . 293 words that are their own opposites
  
  this does n't quite qualify , but ' overlook ' means the opposite of ' look over ' : """" my accountant looked over my records but overlooked a deduction . . . """" - - - university of california riverside , ca 92521
 "",0
 1234,""Subject: 
  
  historical ling announcing le lingue indoeuropee ( edited by anna giacalone ramat and paolo ramat ) , bologna , casa editrice il mulino , 1994 the volume is intended to provide the state of the art on the indoeuropean language family . each chapter is devoted to one subgroup and covers phonological , morphological , syntactic and lexical matters . contents : e . campanile , antichita ' indoeuropee . c . watkins , il protoindo - europeo . b . comrie , la famiglia linguistica indoeuropea : prospettive genetiche e tipologiche . r . lazzeroni , sanscrito . n . sims - williams , le lingue iraniche . w . winter , tocario . s . luraghi , le lingue anatoliche , r . ajello , armeno . h . m . hopenigswald , greco . e . vineis , latino . d . silvestri , le lingue italiche . p . sims - williams , le lingue celtiche . p . ramat , le lingue germaniche . h . andersen , le lingue slave . w . schmalstieg , le lingue baltiche , s . demiraj , albanese . subject index name index available from : casa editrice il mulino , strada maggiore 37 , 40125 bologna ( italy ) phonology & phonetics taylor , paul a . a phonetic model of intonation in english . 1994 . 172 pp . 6x9 book , prepaid us $ 25 . 00 + 3 . 50 p&h . iulc publications , 720 e . atwater ave . , bloomington in 47401-3634 . < iulc @ indiana . edu > phonetics . addresses the problem of relating the acoustic and phonological descriptions of intonation . a multi-level approach and new description systems on the phonological and phonetic levels are proposed . computer algorithms attempt to analyze and synthesize f0 contours using the new systems . experiments and results are presented . socioling the discourse of negotiation - studies of language in the workplace edited by alan firth , denmark isbn : 0-08 - 042400 - 7 hardback viewing negotiations at a micro level of analysis , this book focuses on a wide variety of settings , from industrial meetings to comsumer helplines . * available for discussion * published october 1994 by elsevier science ltd tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1865 843685
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 1235,""Subject: estuary english
  
  for the listserv a friend of mine who is not on the list has asked me to post a request for references or information on a variety of spoken british english called estuary english . if anybody can help , please send a reply to me directly and i will forward the messages . thanks a lot in advance . ana parrondo
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 1236,""Subject: formal semantics and sign ( ed ) languages
  
  dear fellow linguists , is any of you aware of any formal semantic approaches to sign ( ed ) languages ? the bibliography of joachin & prillwitz ( hamburg : signum 1993 ) does n't give any clue . the only name we can think of ourselves in this respect is karen petronio , who gave a talk at barbara partee 's qquantification workshop at the linguistic institute in tucson , az . , in 1989 , and who wrote a dissertation at u . of washington in 1993 . according to the linguistic nameserver her email address is petronio @ uconnvm . bitnet , but that adress no longer works . where can she be reached these days ? other information about this topic is welcome as well . if there is enough response , i will give a summary . thank you ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ton van der wouden pionier - project reflections of logical patterns in language structure and language use bcn / vakgroep nederlands telephone + 31 50 635632 oude kijk in ' t jatstraat 26 home + 31 50 272737 postbus 716 email : vdwouden @ let . rug . nl 9700 as groningen the netherlands http : / / www . let . rug . nl / linguistics / vdwouden . html - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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 1237,""Subject: q : van lancker , automatic speech preprint
  
  content - length : 1385 i would appreciate any leads on a paper by diana van lancker which was cited as a preprint but appears never to have been published ( as far as i can determine ) . victoria fromkin is mentioned as van lancker 's colleague . perhaps one of them or another helpful soul will be kind enough to fill me in on the paper 's fate . """" a hypothetical continuum of propositional and automatic speech modes and their properties """" by diana van lancker . cited on p . 13 in bolinger , d . ( 1976 ) . meaning and memory . forum linguisticum , 1 ( 1 ) , 1-14 . please reply directly . thank you . dave leech ucla , dept . of applied linguistics ihw1ihy @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu
 "",0
 1238,""Subject: summary : french course
  
  content - length : 2567 a few weeks ago i posted a request for information regarding textbooks for an undergraduate linguistics course on the structures of french . i 'd like to express my thanks to the people listed below for responding , and for all their very helpful suggestions : helene ossipov kristina harris k . heilenman lisa reed raphael salkie paul rowlett michael picone e . dean detrich hilary g sachs laurel watkins adee matan nelson rojas here 's a bibliography containing some of the possible textbooks . the first one listed ( battye & hintze ) was the most widely cited ; most people seemed pleased with it , but not everyone . several respondants said that there simply was no satisfactory textbook for such a course ( at least among books written in english ) . adrian battye & marie - anne hintze ( 1992 ) . the french language today . london : routledge . isbn 0-415 - 07814 - 8 ( pbk ) chiss , j . - l . , j . filliolet & d . maingeneau ( 1978 ) . linguistique francaise : initiation a la problematique structurale . paris : hachette . eluerd , roland ( 1984 ) . pour aborder la linguistique . paris : les editions esf . leon , p . , p . bhatt & r . baligand ( 1992 ) . structure du francais moderne . toronto : canadian scholar 's press . ager , dennis ( 1990 ) . sociolinguistics and comtemporary french . cambridge u . press . ( isbn : 0-521 - 39730 - 8 ( p ) ) walter , henriette ( 1994 ) . french inside and out . routledge . ( isbn : 0-415 - 07670 - 6 ) ( first published in french : le francais dans tous les sens , robert laffont . ) judge , anne and f . g . healey ( 1983 ) . a reference grammar of modern french . london : edward arnold . ( isbn : 0-7131 - 6453 - 0 ) grundstrom , allan w . ( 1983 ) . l ' analyse du francais . lanham : university press of america . ( isbn : 0-8191 - 3569 - 0 ) thanks once again to everyone who responded ! rich epstein ( epstein @ bend . ucsd . edu )
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 1239,""Subject: yuen ren chao
  
  content - length : 311 there is an appreciation of the work of yuen ren chao ( 1892-1982 ) on the web at : http : / / weber . u . washington . edu / ~ yuenren / chaobiography . html your comments are welcome . david prager branner , yuen ren society asian l&l , do-21 , university of washington seattle , wa 98195 ( charmii @ u . washington . edu )
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 1240,""Subject: release of agfl home page
  
  this message announces the release of the world wide web home page of agfl ( affix grammars over a finite lattice ) . 1 . agfl the agfl formalism , developed at the university of nijmegen , the netherlands , is a formalism in which context free grammars can be described compactly . agfls are two level grammars : a first , context free level is augmented with features for expressing agreement between parts of speech . features are treated as types , and their values may range over the subsets of a given finite set , which explains the acronym affix grammars over a finite lattice . agfl grammars are transformed into a parser by the parser generator opt . the generated parser is a recursive backup parser which computes the values of the affixes on the fly . in this way , fast and efficient parsers can be generated . the formalism is quite simple and limited , and therefore easy to read and write . agfl comes with a grammar workbench gwb , supporting the development of grammars and the checking of their consistency . the agfl formalism does not require any special hardware . the parser generator opt runs on regular sparc - systems and ms-dos machines ( 386 or higher ) and is relatively small . for instance , the ms-dos version requires less than 1 mb harddisk space . 2 . agfl on the web agfl has now been made available to the ( computational ) linguistic community . we think it can be used by ( computational ) linguists who are in need of a simple grammar formalism with a fast parser generator , suitable for experimental purposes . therefore , we have made agfl available via ftp and , recently , via www . the agfl home page contains information about the agfl formalism like the agfl manual , documentation and papers , sample grammars and the latest developments . there is also the possibility to download the software and to register yourself as an agfl user . you are invited to take a look at the home page and to read the information or to download the software . please feel free to make use of agfl and its home page ; we look forward to hear about your experiences . we are currently planning an agfl workshop in june . the latest news about this workshop can also be found on the agfl home page . the url of the agfl home page is : http : / / www . cs . kun . nl / agfl / the address of the ftp - site is : ftp : / / hades . cs . kun . nl / pub / agfl / the organisation of the www page should be self-explanatory . the structure of the ftp - site is as follows : - readme - doc : this directory contains a number of relevant papers - pc386 : this directory contains software for ms-dos machines and an installation guide . - sun4 : this directory contains software for sparc - stations and an installation guide . any questions or remarks with respect to agfl or the agfl home page can be sent to : www-agfl @ cs . kun . nl . on behalf of the agfl team , erik oltmans department of computer science university of nijmegen the netherlands
 "",0
 1241,""Subject: re : linguistics in science fiction
  
  with regard to mike maxwell 's recent posting about linguistics in science fiction , there is a very funny and interesting piece by brian aldiss called """" confluence """" , consisting entirely of a lexicon of words in an alien language , tentatively translated into english . it 's in judith merril , ed . , sf 12 , dell , n . y . , 1968 . tom ernst ternst @ brahms . udel . edu
 "",0
 1242,""Subject: job : research assistant in pragmatics
  
  applications are invited for a one-year research assistantship at the university of ulster at jordanstown , n . ireland , to work directly on an esrc - funded project entitled """" relevance , beliefs and political conflict in northern ireland , commencing 1 may 1995 . applicants must have a first or second class honours degree ( or equivalent first degree ) or higher degree in linguistics or communication . preference will be given to candidates who have a phd or who have previous relevant research experience . further details may be obtained by telephoning : ( uk ) 01232-366243 or 1232-366175 , quoting referencej95 / 071 , or by e-mailing dr john wilson , j . wilson @ ulst . ac . uk . the closing date for applications is 17 march , so if you have a fax number it may be advisable to give this so that materials can be faxed to you rather than sent in the mail .
 "",0
 1243,""Subject: job announcements
  
  my chair has asked me to post these two job announcements . if anyone can suggest other lists , esp . serving applied linguists and second language acquisitionists , where these should be posted , please let me know . both positions are one-year appointments , but , pending approval , similar positions will be re-advertised as tenure-track next year . mike picone university of alabama mpicone @ ua1vm . ua . edu the university of alabama would like to announce the following positions : visiting assistant professor ( or equivalent level ) beginning fall , 1995 . spanish . abd or ph . d . native or near native proficiency in spanish and english , with specialty in applied linguistics and second language acquisition . experience in methodology and coordination of multisection language courses . demonstrated record of classroom success and commitment to scholarship . application , vita , and three letters of recommendation to dr . michael schnepf , chair , by march 23 . minorities and women are encouraged apply . the university of alabama is an equal opportunity employer . university of alabama , department of romance languages & classics , box 870246 , tuscaloosa , al 35487-0246 . visiting assistant professor beginning fall 1995 . french . ph . d . preferred . abd candidates will be considered for appointment at instructor level . one - year appointment . native or near-native proficiency in french and english , with concentration in linguistics and / or second language acquisition . experience in methodology and coordination of multisection language courses . demonstrated record of classroom success and commitment to scholarship . application , vita , and three letters of recommendation to dr . michael schnepf , chair , by april 3rd . minorities and women are encouraged to apply . the university of alabama , department of romance languages & classics , box 870246 , tuscaloosa , al 35487-0246 .
 "",0
 1244,""Subject: summer internship in multimodal systems
  
  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please post or pass along to appropriate mailing lists . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nsf-funded summer internships in hci & multimodal systems applications are invited from outstanding upper-level undergraduate and graduate students for full-time summer internship positions in human-computer interaction and multimodal systems . funding for these internships is sponsored by the national science foundation , and is part of a larger project entitled """" writing and talking to future interactive systems . """" students selected will participate in an interdisciplinary , team-oriented research project investigating people 's spoken , pen-based , and multimodal input to interactive computer systems . one aim of this research is the design of successful interfaces for multimodal systems and portable devices . this work is being conducted in a new state-of - the-art laboratory facility in the computer science department at the oregon graduate institute of science and technology ( ogi ) , which is located in the portland metropolitan area within 12-15 minutes of the city . applicants with a background in cognitive science , computer science , psychology , linguistics , or human factors are encouraged to apply , and interests in the following areas is preferred : human-computer interaction , multimodal systems , human communication and behavior , linguistics and natural language processing , speech and pen technology , research design and statistics . experience working with human subjects , scoring and analyzing language-oriented behavior , using statistical software , or programming in c + and x - windows would be most relevant to the project . to apply , submit a resume , xerox copy of course transcripts , names and contact information for 3 references , and a brief statement of research / career interests by march 31 to : dr . sharon oviatt department of computer science oregon graduate institute of science & technology p . o . box 91000 portland , oregon 97291 ( or via email to oviatt @ cse . ogi . edu ) women and minority applicants are encouraged to apply .
 "",0
 1245,""Subject: ( fwd ) re : cantonese / english bilingual research associate
  
  university of newcastle upon tyne department of speech cantonese / english bilingual research associate applications are invited for a 3 - year appointment as research associate from 1st october , 1995 . the successful candidate is expected to work , along with two other ras , on an esrc - funded research project , looking into first language development of british - born cantonese - speaking children . the candidate should be cantonese / english bilingual and preferably hold a higher degree in either speech science or linguistics , although candidates with other qualifications will be considered . the appointee will have major responsibilities for community-based fieldwork , data transcription and analysis . a working knowledge of language profiling procedures , e . g . larsp , is necessary . the starting salary is stlg15 , 556 ( under review ) . two copies of a letter of application and full curriculum vitae , together with names and addresses ( preferably with fac numbers ) of three referees should be sent to dr li wei , department of speech , university of newcastle upon tyne , ne1 7ru by 13th april . informal enquiries may be made to dr li wei on + 44 ( 0 ) 191 222 6760 / 7388 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 191 222 6518 e - mail : li . wei @ newcastle . ac . uk
 "",0
 1246,""Subject: job opening
  
  i ' m posting this for someone who is not on linguist , so please direct all replies to the address given below . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - motorola , inc . has an opening for an individual to research and develop spoken language systems at the motorola corporate research center in schaumburg , illinois . this individual will be a member of an interdisciplinary team exploring the integration of speech recognition , speech synthesis , and natural language processing technologies for product applications of man-machine communications . the duties of the position include applied research , software development , data collection , and transfer of developed technologies to product groups . innovation in research and application of technology is the standard for all members of the team . experience in natural language processing or speech recognition is required . in particular concentration in parsing spoken language , dialogue modelling , multi-modal human machine interaction , speech recognition search algorithms , or language modelling is preferred . a phd in computer science or ee or direct experience in one of these areas is desired . strong candidates with masters degree will also be considered . programming skills in c or c + + are also required . please send resume and cover letter by april 24 , 1995 to be considered for this position . to : harry bliss chicago corporate research laboratories 1301 e . algonquin road , room 3127 schaumburg , il 60196 fax : ( 708 ) 576-0541 email : bliss @ mot . com
 "",0
 1247,""Subject: job at soas
  
  school of oriental and african studies university of london lectureship in linguistics applications are invited for a lectureship in linguistics with reference to syntax / morphology in the department of linguistics . the successful candidate will be expected to combine active research in theoretical syntax / morphology with an ability to teach these subjects at both undergraduate and graduate level . the department offers full programmes at the ba , ma and phd level . applicants with a research interest in african , asian or middle eastern languages are preferred . applicants should have completed or be about to complete a phd on a relevant topic ; teaching experience would also be an asset . the appointment will date from 1st september 1995 . it will be made on the lecturer a scale ( stlg14 , 756 - stlg19 , 326 p . a . ) or lecturer b scale ( stlg20 , 133 - stlg25 , 735 p . a . ) depending upon qualifications and experience , plus london allowance , currently stlg2 , 134 p . a . membership of uss , the university pension scheme will be available . further particulars may be obtained from the soas - linguistics web page ( http : / / jk . soas . ac . uk ) or the personnel office , school of oriental and african studies , thornhaugh street , russell square , london wc1h 0xg ( tel : 0171 323 6189 between 10 : 30am - 2 : 00pm ) . candidates may apply directly by letter supported by a full curriculum vitae , at least two representative publications , and the names , addresses , fax and telephone numbers of three referees . further information may also be obtained from the secretary of the linguistics department ( tel : 0171 323 6332 ) or from rk @ soas . ac . uk . closing date : monday , 17th april 1995 soas is an equal opportunities employer
 "",0
 1248,""Subject: item for linguist
  
  in memoriam simon c . dik ( 1940-1995 ) it is with great sadness that we inform you of the death , on march 1 , 1995 , of simon c . dik , one of the world 's leading theoreticians in functional linguistics . simon had occupied the chair of general linguistics at the university of amsterdam for 25 years when in 1994 his illness , which had manifested itself two years earlier , forced him to resign . during these 25 years he developed the theory of functional grammar , the foundations for which had been laid in his 1968 dissertation on coordination . as far as his illness allowed him , simon continued working on the further development of this theory until his death . the results of this work , the two-volume ' the theory of functional grammar ' , will be published posthumously . during his career simon has been a constant source of inspiration and encouragement , both as a teacher and as a scholar , for his colleagues and students . the significance of his work for the field of linguistics and the effectivity of the enormous energy which he put into promoting linguistic research deserve our recognition and gratitude . we , members of the community of linguists working within the framework of functional grammar , especially feel the loss of our personal contacts with him . we gratefully acknowledge his unending and invaluable involvement in the progress of linguistic research until the very end . simon leaves behind his wife willy , his daughters iris and hester , and his son remco . machtelt bolkestein ( ot @ alf . let . uva . nl ) casper de groot ( casperdg @ alf . let . uva . nl ) kees hengeveld ( khengeveld @ alf . let . uva . nl )
 "",0
 1249,""Subject: special journal issue on computer - mediated discourse analysis
  
  content - length : 3158 * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * call for manuscripts electronic journal of communication / la revue electronique de communication special issue on """" computer - mediated discourse analysis """" guest editor : susan herring one of the most exciting recent developments in discourse analysis is the availability of data from computer-mediated interactions , such as those that take place on the internet , usenet , and in synchronous modes such as chat and muds / moos . computer - mediated interaction raises intriguing issues of how the communicative medium shapes language use , as well as providing large quantities of authentic , pre-transcribed data which can be used to shed light on existing problems of linguistic analysis . this special issue will be the first publication devoted exclusively to the linguistic analysis of computer-mediated discourse . while any application of linguistic methodology to computer-mediated data is welcome , manuscripts are especially encouraged that report on pragmatic , sociolinguistic / interactional , or textual analyses , or focus on issues of methodology or genre . possible topics include ( but are not limited to ) : - use of orthographic conventions , including emoticons , in computer - mediated language - analysis of turn-taking , topic nomination and development , reference and cohesion , discourse markers , speech acts , politeness etc . in computer-mediated discussions - linguistic characterization of cmc genres and text types - lexico-grammatical analysis of cmc corpora - the negotiation of meaning in computer-mediated interaction - the use and representation of languages other than english ; code switching and language contact on computer networks - gender differences in computer-mediated interaction - the effects of cmc on 2nd language acquisition - psycholinguistic processing of computer-mediated messages etc . about the journal : the ejc / rec is an electronic journal that adheres to rigorous standards of peer review . only original work that has not been published previously will be considered for publication . authors wishing to submit manuscripts for consideration should prepare them in electronic format according to the ejc / rec author guide , which is available on the world wide web at http : / / trill . berkeley . edu / guide-to - the-lab / resouces / people / cmc . html or by request from susan @ utafll . uta . edu . manuscript length should ideally be between 5000 and 7500 words , although shorter and longer manuscripts may also be considered . deadline : the deadline for receipt of manuscripts is may 25 , 1995 . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = e - mail questions and requests for author guide to : susan @ utafll . uta . edu or send by regular mail or fax to : susan herring editor special ejc / rec issue on computer - mediated discourse analysis program in linguistics university of texas arlington , tx 76019 usa fax : 817 273-2731 * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ *
 "",0
 1250,""Subject: call for papers
  
  content - length : 3653 call for papers for the fourth international conference on the cognitive science of natural language processing dublin city university , 5 - 7 july 1995 subject areas : this is a non-exclusive list of subjects which fall within the scope of csnlp . it is intended as a guide only . * corpus - based nlp * connectionist nlp * statistical and knowledge-based mt * linguistic knowledge representation * cognitive linguistics * declarative approaches to nlp * nlg and nlu * dialogue and discourse * human language processing * text linguistics * evaluation of nlp * hybrid approaches to nlp submissions may deal with theoretical issues , applications , databases or other aspects of csnlp , but the importance of cognitive aspects should be borne in mind . papers should report original substantive research . theme : the role of syntax there is currently considerable debate regarding the place and importance of syntax in nlp . papers dealing with this matter will be given preference . invited speakers : the following speakers have agreed to give keynote talks : mark steedman , university of pennsylvania alison henry , university of ulster registration and accommodation : the registration fee will be ir # 60 , and will include proceedings , lunches and one evening meal . accommodation can be reserved in the campus residences at dcu . a single room is ir # 16 per night , with full irish breakfast an additional ir # 4 . accommodation will be """" first come , first served """" : there is a heavy demand for campus rooms in the summer . there are also several hotels and b&b establishments nearby : addresses will be provided on request . to register , contact alex monaghan at the addresses given below . payment in advance is possible but not obligatory . please state gender ( for accommodation purposes ) and any unusual dietary requirements . submission of abstracts : those wishing to present a paper at csnlp should submit a 400 - word abstract to arrive not later than 10 / 4 / 95 . abstracts should give the author 's full name and address , with email address if possible , and should be sent to : csnlp alex monaghan school of computer applications dublin city university dublin 9 ireland email submissions are preferred , plain ascii text please to : - - - - - - - - - alex @ compapp . dcu . ie ( internet ) completed papers should be around 8 pages long , although longer papers will be considered if requested . camera - ready copy must be submitted to arrive in dublin by 19 / 6 / 94 . no particular conference style will be imposed , but papers should be legible ( 12pt laser printed ) and well-structured . deadlines : 10th april - - - submission of 400 - word abstract 1st may - - - notification of acceptance 19th june - - - deadline for receipt of camera-ready paper ( c . 8 pages ) 26th june - - - final date for registration , accommodation , meals etc .
 "",0
 1251,""Subject: symposium on spanish linguistics - linguistics in spain
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * spanish linguistics * linguistics in spain * spanish linguistics * * linguistics in spain * spanish linguistics * linguistics in spain * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * conference at umist , manchester , 19-20 may 1995 * speakers from spain and uk * organised by instituto cervantes , department of language and linguistics , umist , and the north - west centre for romance linguistics * talks in spanish and english obkectives and scope of the symposium the general purpose of the symposium is to bring to england some , mainly younger , researchers from spain to talk about their work , and let them meet a few researchers working in england for an exchange of views and possibly for establishing or renewing contacts . the research interest at the centre for computational linguistics ( ccl ) has traditionally been with computable linguistics and within this broader field we have concentrated mainly on applications such as machine translation , nlp , language engineering , call , terminology , databases , etc . with particular stress on the multilingual dimension for overcoming interlingual communication problems . this orientation has coloured our selection of speakers . while ccl does not have any particular strength in spanish linguistics , - - spanish is only taught to subsidiary level - - there is a regular presence of phd and msc students from spain in the centre which provides for continuous contacts with a number of spanish universities . the symposium is being organised jointly by the instituto cervantes of manchester and ccl , umist . the event is addressed to a small number of language specialists from uk universities not exceeding , including speakers , the number of 50 participants . admission to the symposium is therefore limited and an early indication of firm interest is appreciated . the language of papers is predominantly spanish . list of speakers dr gabriel amores . ( universidad de sevilla ) lecta : a spanish to english speech machine translation prototype . dr joseba abaitua . ( universidad de deusto ) ingenierma de la lengua y normalizacisn ling | mstica . victoria arranz . ( umist , manchester ) sublanguage - based nlp and corpus-based knowledge acquisition with reference to both english and spanish . dr toni badia . ( universitat pompeu fabra . barcelona ) los complementos de los nombres . dr john butt . ( king 's college london ) constraints on the use of the passive in spanish and english . prof teresa cabri . directora , institut universitari de ling | mstica apliacada . ( universitat pompeu fabra , barcelona ) el instituto universitario de ling | mstica aplicada de la universidad pompeu fabra : lmneas y proyectos . elena martmnez caro . ( universidad complutense de madrid ) el orden de los constituyentes como mecanismo de expresisn pragmatica en espaqol en contraste con los utilizados en inglis . prof josi luis cifuentes . ( universidad de alicante ) semantica y cognicisn de los usos prepositivos en espaqol . irina reyero . ( umist ) the representation of locative expressions in a cognitive nlp environment . a contrastive analysis in english and spanish . cost 15 pounds , including buffet lunch on saturday 20th may . a total of 40 places are available and will be allocated on a first come basis . please reserve your place by writing , fax or e-mail to the organiser . you will be sent a full programme and abstracts of the papers . for further details contact : vicente m . forcada - sanz symposioum : spanish linguistics - - linguistics in spain ccl , umist , p . o . box 88 manchester m60 1qd phone : 0161 200 3101 ( departmental office ) fax : 0161 200 3099 e-mail : vicente @ ccl . umist . ac . uk
 "",0
 1252,""Subject: digital recorders
  
  a couple of weeks before the break i posted a message asking for information about portable digital recorders for phonetic / phonological fieldwork . since a couple of people told me that they were interested in knowing the results of my inquiry , here is a summary of the replies : several people who replied to me recommended sony recorders , in particular the tcd-d7 or the tcd-d10 . i am told that these machines are somewhat expensive . it appears that there is a cheaper but still adequate machine produced by jvc : jvc xd - p1 pro bk . the sony mini disc portable recorder mz - 1 was also highly recommended . thank you to everyone who replied to me : maquela brizuela , rianne doeleman , hannes pirker , ingo plag , stephanie maietta and alex francis . ( sorry if i am forgetting someone 's name ) . jose ignacio hualde dept . of spanish , italian , and portuguese 4080 flb univ . of illinois , urbana , il 61801 jihualde @ ux1 . cso . uiuc . edu
 "",0
 1253,""Subject: 
  
  lang acquisition lopez ornat , susana : la adquisicion de la lengua espanyola . madrid , siglo xxi . ( c / plaza , 5 ; madrid-28043 ; o : cerro del agua , 248 ; mexico , d . f 04310 ) . isbn : 84-323 - 0847 - 1 . contiene , por primera vez en nuestro campo , los textos completos de la base de datos longitudinal de maria ( madrid ) entre 1 ; 7 y 4 ; 0 anyos . incluye tambien el analisis del proceso temprano de adquisicion de la morfosintaxis de la lengua espanyola . obtiene conclusiones tanto especificas de nuestra lengua como generales . el texto indica tambien como obtener los ficheros de datos textuales , su analisis linguistico y su analisis psicolinguistico a traves de una instruccion ftp . syntax two new books in syntax are available now ( at reduced prices ) : 1 . b . lust , m . suner , j . whitman ( eds ) . 1994 . syntactic theory and first language acquisition : cross-linguitic perspectives . volume 1 . heads , projections , and learnability . lawrence erlbaum press , n . j . ( special pre-paid price $ 39 . 95 ) ; 2 . b . lust , g . hermon , j . kornfilt ( eds ) . 1994 . syntactic theory and first language acquisition : cross-linguistic perspectives . volume 2 . binding , dependencies , and learnability . lawrence erlbaum press , n . j . ( special prepaid price $ 45 . 00 ) .
 "",0
 1254,""Subject: job
  
  postdoctoral position at the max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen , the netherlands the max planck institute for psycholinguistics invites applications for a three-quarter - time postdoctoral research position in its language production research unit . the duration of the appointment will be three years . the junior staff member will participate in the research project on lexical access , which traces the process of spoken word production from accessing a lexical concept to the initiation and execution of a word 's articulation in context . the project relies heavily on reaction time experimentation and computational modeling ; it also links up with brain imaging work in the institute . applicants should have a phd in one of the relevant cognitive sciences ( such as psycholinguistics , phonology , phonetics ) . we are in particular interested in applicants who have the rare combination of skills in both reaction time experimentation and lexical / sub-lexical phonology , because phonological encoding of words is a major theme in the project . applications including a cv ( mention any languages you know ) , a list of publications / reports , and names of two referents should be sent per e-mail , fax , or letter to : prof . willem j . m . levelt , director max planck institute for psycholinguistics wundtlaan 1 nl-6525 xd nijmegen the netherlands fax : ( 31 - ) 80-521213 e-mail : pim @ mpi . nl deadline for applications : april 3 , 1995 . for further information you may contact : dr . antje meyer ( same address and fax number ) e-mail : asmeyer @ mpi . nl phone : ( 31 - ) 80-521309
 "",0
 1255,""Subject: job opportunity - linguistic intern position
  
  linguistic summer internship lexicon naming , inc . , a consulting firm that develops worldwide brand names and new corporate names , seeks a full-time summer intern for its brand language group . the intern will collaborate with a team of staff linguists to : - produce reference materials for creative work on names for english and foreign markets . - prepare linguistic analyses of names using phonetic , morphological , and semantic criteria from the major world languages . - develop effective new ways of applying linguistics to the naming process . we would like to hear from applicants whose experience covers the study of both sound and meaning in a number of major languages of the world . we are interested in applicants with an in-depth background in key linguistic subdisciplines such as phonology and morphology , historical linguistics , and the linguistic study of metaphor . candidates for the internship should have a ph . d . in linguistics or should be working on a ph . d . dissertation in linguistics . the internship will be available starting in june , 1995 , for a period of three to four months . the salary range is $ 20 - $ 25 per hour , depending on education , credentials , and experience . please send a letter of application describing your interests , background , and availability , a curriculum vitae , names and addresses of three references , and three representative publications to : brand language group lexicon naming , inc . 3030 bridgeway sausalito ca 94965
 "",0
 1256,""Subject: position announcement
  
  the department of tesl and applied linguistics at the university of california , los angeles announces an opening for a language testing specialist , rank to be determined . the position is a one-year temporary position , with the possibility of renewal for a second year , pending final budgetary approval . the appointee will be expected to teach three courses , such as a basic course in language testing , an advanced course in language test construction and administration , and a course in experimental design and statistical analysis for applied linguistics . the appointee will also take primary responsibility for overseeing the development and administration of the english as a second language placement exam ( eslpe ) and advise on other language testing projects the department is currently involved in . ph . d . in hand at time of application is preferred . applications must be received by april 15 , 1995 and should include letter , vita , three letters of reference , and representative publications . send applications to : chair , search committee , department of tesl & applied linguistics , 3300 rolfe hall , p . o . box 951531 , los angeles , ca 90095-1531 . fax : 310 / 206-4118 ; phone : 310 / 825-4631 . electronic mail inquiries can be addressed to lyn @ humnet . ucla . edu . ucla is an affirmative action , equal opportunity employer . women and members of underrepresented minorities are encouraged to apply .
 "",0
 1257,""Subject: j . r . firth 's ' context of situation '
  
  thanks to the following people who kindly responded to my inquiry into work which attempts to apply j . r . firth 's notion of ' context of situation ' to studies of discourse : tom craven gudula stegmann graham mcgregor joe foley koenraad kuiper richard ogden in summary , it appears that although firth 's notion is familiar to many sociolinguists , discourse and conversation analysts - as evidenced in references typically appearing in overviews on the notion of ' context ' - surprisingly little work has been , or is being , actually undertaken on the topic . a reference where this phenomenon is exemplified is the introductory chapter in duranti , a . & goodwin , c . ( 1992 ) ( eds . ) rethinking context . cup . koenraad kuiper reports that he has a forthcoming paper which offers a reappraisal of the origins of the term ' context of situation ' ; graham mcgregor has conducted an ( unpublished ) study of person-reference which incorporates firth 's notion into his analytical approach . i shall be happy to inform readers of the list of my future uncoverings of applied firthian linguistics . alan firth aalborg university , denmark
 "",0
 1258,""Subject: response to the linguist list query . . .
  
  several weeks ago , i submitted the following query to the the linguist list : ) do you know of any written description of soundex code and its rules ) i ' m writing a software program to help my wife decode surnames in her ) genealogical research . the only description i ' ve located to date is a ) summary leaving lots of unanswered questions . i received 12 responses , including two from australia and one from the uk . in total , they included the code for two c language programs , access to a third c function , a basic program and an offer of a pascal program , all which reputed to perform soundex translation . the origin of soundex was attributed to the 1880 us census as well as to odell and russel in 1920 . nearly all respondants referred to or paraphrased pages 391 through 392 of """" the art of computer programming , vol . 3 sorting and searching """" , donald knuth , addison wesley , 1973 for a description of the soundex algorithm . [ knuth attributed his description to 1918 and 1922 u . s . patents by margaret k . odell and robert c . russell . ] the respondants were : burns @ cyc . com goodr @ uxa . cso . uiuc . edu bill @ hivnet . ubc . ca evan . antworth @ sil . org goertzen @ rrnet . com ( included the code for soundex . bas , published in """" pc magazine 29 sep 92 , offer of a soundex routine in pascal , and direction to a c function metaphon ( ) """" which claims to correct flaws in the original soundex routine """" in the c gazette , june 1991 ) mis @ seiden . com ( included the code for two c language programs , one employing a table lookup , the other a switch statement ) macrakis @ osf . org ( included knuth 's references : us patents 1261167 ( 1918 ) , 1435663 ( 1922 ) ; j . acm 8 : 538 ( 1961 ) ; commun . acm 5 : 169 ( 1962 ) ; federal population censuses 1790-1890 ( national archives , 1971 ) , p 90 . sds5 @ ukc . ac . uk lojbab @ access . digex . net ( included a source for c code on the internet ) wasserman @ mary . fordham . edu jhs @ extro . ucc . su . oz . au mfw @ lexicon . oz . au thank you all for your interest and effort to respond .
 "",0
 1259,""Subject: five words in lots of languages
  
  content - length : 1883 dear wonderfully cooperative linguist readers , the reponse to my request for translations in lots of languages of the words : memory foot water sun fire was such that i now have 66 languages . i could do with lots more though , so if you can give me these words in a language which does n't appear in the list below , i 'd be grateful : maltese , moore , hungarian , gilbertese , salinan / hokan , fula , wolof , hawaiian , marshallese , bislama , fijian , tagalog , cantonese , southern min , mandarin , pitjantjatjara , bahasa , achumawi , chickusaw , modern western armenian , spanish , catalan , portuguese , arabic , upper sorbian , chechen , egyptian hieroglyphic , turkish , basque , lappish / sa ( a ) mi , norwegian , west frisian , danish , swahili , breton , irish , san miguel chimalapa zoque , classical greek , latin , albanian , bosnian , bulgarian , croatian , czech , eastern ( meadow ) mari , erzya mordvin , farsi , finnish , french , galician , modern greek , modern hebrew , italian , japanese , korean , nenets , occitan , polish , rumanian , russian , shoshoni , slovene , swedish , thai , welsh and many thanks again to all those who responded to my original request . paul rowlett
 "",0
 1260,""Subject: esrc quota awards for masters
  
  university of essex department of language and linguistics the department of language and linguistics has been awarded three esrc studentship quota awards to fund one ma student on each of the following advanced training courses in 1995 - 6 : * * * ma in applied linguistics * * * ma in sociolinguistics and language variation * * * ma in linguistics awards cover the course fees and provide a subsistence allowance at current research council rates , and are open for uk / eu students . nominations for the awards will be made by the department , which proposes to select the best candidate for each award on a competition basis . students wishing to apply for one of these awards should request an application form for the relevant scheme from the graduate admissions secretary in the department , making clear that they are are interested in the esrc quota award . the departmental closing date for consideration for the esrc quota awards is friday april 14th 1995 . short - listed candidates may be called for interview between april 14th and may 5th . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the department is a major centre for teaching and research in theoretical and applied linguistics and has achieved the highest rating for its research activities in each of the three research selectivity exercises in the uk . further details and an application form can be obtained from : graduate admissions secretary , department of language and linguistics , university of essex , wivenhoe park , colchester , co4 3sq , uk tel : + 44 1206 872083 fax : + 44 1206 872085 email : laladms @ essex . ac . uk
 "",0
 1261,""Subject: phd studentships
  
  university of essex department of language and linguistics phd studentships one fully-funded phd studentship ( 3 years ) applications are invited from uk / eu students to pursue doctoral research for up to three years . fees will be paid by the university and students will receive a bursary from the department at current research council rates . one part-funded phd studentship ( 3 years ) applications are invited from students anywhere in the world to pursue doctoral research for up to three years . uk / eu rate fees will be paid by the university and students will receive a bursary from the department at current research council rates . non uk / eu students will eb liable for the residue of the fees ( current fee difference is 3 , 200 pounds per annum ) , although the possibility exists of applying for further support to the ors . students applying for either of the above studentships shoudl have a good first degree and be willing to investigate a topic compatible with the department 's research priorities . applications are particularly welcome from those wishing to pursue research in theoretical aspects of language acquisition ( first or second ) , syntax , psycholinguistics , sociolinguistics or phonology , but applicants with other interests should not be discouraged from applying . successful candidates will be required to undertake limited teaching and / or research assistant duties . the closing date is 31st march 1995 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the department is a major centre for teaching and research in theoretical and applied linguistics and has achieved the highest rating for its research activities in each of the three research selectivity exercises in the uk . web page at http : / / www . essex . ac . uk further details and an application form can be obtained from : graduate admissions secretary , department of language and linguistics , university of essex , wivenhoe park , colchester , co4 3sq , uk tel : + 44 1206 872083 fax : + 44 1206 872085 email : laladms @ essex . ac . uk
 "",0
 1262,""Subject: thai lang school
  
  * * * * * announcement * * * * * the institute of language and culture for rural development , mahidol university will offer the regular and intensive courses """" thai for non-native speakers """" to the public in summer 1995 . both courses are basic courses for beginners who do not have any previous knowledge of thai . students will acquire listening and speaking skills and learn how to communicate basic needs concerning : travel , polite social interactions , ordering food , asking for directions , making purchases , and telling time . thai writing will also be introduced . regular course time : march 20 - may 8 , 1995 monday , wednesday and thursday , 9 . 00 - 12 . 00 place : pata department store , pinklao branch ( 4th floor of kfc building ) tuition : 5 , 900 baht ( covering all learning materials , excursions , and refreshments ) application : by march 15 , 1995 intensive course time : july 17 - august 4 , 1995 monday through friday , 9 . 30 - 14 . 30 place , tuition , and application : to be announced . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * application form * * * * * * thai for non-native speakers regular course 1995 title : mr . , ms . , mrs . , miss first name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . last name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . institution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mailing address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telephone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e - mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . signature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please submit your application form to : thai for non-native speakers institute of language and culture for rural development mahidol university at salaya nakornpathom 73170 tel . 441-9327 , 441-9514 , 441-9343 fax . 441-9517 e - mail : grsbr @ mucc . mahidol . ac . th
 "",0
 1263,""Subject: re : 6 . 199 ipa
  
  why must this kind of stuff be decided by a vote ? since obviously ipa membership does not equal interest in the matter and never will , all that will be achieved if some of us join the ipa just to force this issue , is that it will be """" packed """" in some other way than the way it is now , but it will never be representative . why not let the invisible hand of the """" market """" of ideas operate freely instead ? as fewer and fewer people use ipa 's made-up symbols , either that organization will become completely irrelevant , or it will make up its own mind to respond to the """" market forces """" , or perhaps some other group will step in and by proposing a system that is manifestly better than anyone else 's , achieve standardization that way . i really think that if a few of the top names in phonetics got together with the editors of a few journals , they could probably come up with something . it could also simply come from anywhere else : if someone were to publish a truly superior system and people started using it . finally , in reality , it seems that certain trends are occurring anyway and that in particular the resistance to the hachek and the use of the corresponding ipa symbols are on the wane . if we can put up with the inconsistencies of american vs . canadian vs . british spelling , we can probably do just as well here . and if we are gonna worry about something , i would worry more about those cases where te same symbols have different commonly used meanings like ' j ' and ' y ' . alexis mr
 "",0
 1264,""Subject: re : words that are their own opposites
  
  content - length : 129 how about this pair that are synonyms in one sense and antonyms in another - - outgoing : retiring mary s . neff ibm research
 "",0
 1265,""Subject: self-opposites
  
  content - length : 333 jules levin wrote : ) this does n't quite qualify , but ' overlook ' means the opposite of ' look ) over ' : """" my accountant looked over my records but overlooked a deduction . . . """" """" the scandal has been blamed on an oversight on the part of the senate oversight committee . """" anton sherwood * \ \ * + 1 415 267 0685 * \ \ * dasher @ netcom . com
 "",0
 1266,""Subject: words that are their own opposites
  
  jules levin , in contrasting """" look over """" with """" overlook """" , has come close to citing my favorite autoantonym : oversight . as in """" the epa 's [ u . s . environmental protection agency 's ] oversight of toxic dumping . """" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lee hartman ga5123 @ siucvmb . siu . edu department of foreign languages southern illinois university carbondale , il 62901-4521 u . s . a .
 "",0
 1267,""Subject: re : 6 . 108 sum : words that are their own opposites ( part 2 )
  
  after attending a meeting , i heard someone say , """" the acceptance of this plan will depend on its oversight . """" i immediately thought of the meaning : """" an unintentional omission or mistake """" ( ahd ) . what was intended , however , was another meaning : """" watchful care or management ; supervision """" ( ahd ) . the latter meaning , i think , is becoming the more common one , but it still startles me . in the same way , synonyms may become antonyms in compounds . """" to oversee """" is quite different from """" to overlook . """" i would also point out that nonstandard """" borrow """" for """" lend """" is still heard . it may have about the same distribution as """" learn """" to mean """" teach . """" up to at least the sixties , english textbooks for high schools carried stern admonitions for both . so these uses must have been quite common . finally , there is the famous """" bad """" of black english , which signifies its opposite . antithetical meanings may be common in slang for their shock value . """" man , she 's one tough babe , """" could indicate two quite contrasting , if not opposite meanings .
 "",0
 1268,""Subject: re : 6 . 293 words that are their own opposites
  
  sue morrish 's posting on shame in australian reminded me of a weird fact about the same word in south african english , according to some sa friends . this is that """" shame ! """" is used as an exclamation of joy by , for example , old ladies seeing a newborn baby or a fluffy animal . the supposed explanation is that """" shame ! """" as an exclamation of disapproval became an exclamation of sympathy for somebody who has been ill-treated ( so far , this parallels a shift that i ' m familiar with too ) . it then bleached out still further in sa to a mere """" back channel utterance """" , indicating that the listener was still paying ( sympathetic ) attention , and then became a positive expression of pleasure . can anybody confirm either the data or the explanation ? btw , wrt benji wald 's posting , i understood the origin of a ' lucus a non lucendo ' to be st isidore of seville 's _ origines sive etymologiae _ ( 7th c ) - according to father dinneen 's book on the history of linguistics i think . john t waterman in his little book perspectives on linguistics ( 1963 ) gives another example from the same source : bellum ( war ) from bellus ( beautiful ) , because war is far from beautiful ! regards , paul werth
 "",0
 1269,""Subject: human and non - human languages
  
  bearing on the question of primate language skills is the observation that they appear not to imitate the * manner * of doing something - - controverting the """" monkey see , monkey do """" saw . a clue as to why people have cultures and languages and primates do not came up in a national geographic series on primate research that i saw a few weeks ago . they had shown some chimps using sticks to poke through holes in a """" beehive """" and suck off honey , introducing the topic of tool use . in the next segment , the researcher had some candy on a table surrounded by some sort of cage with vertical bars . he had a primitive kind of rake with three wide-spaced tines resting on the table , the handle through the bars . the chimp had the same , on an adjacent section of the table . if the tines were down , they could n't get the candy because the wide-spaced tines could n't retain it . the researcher demonstrated flipping the rake over . with the back of the rake on the table top , it was easy to pull the candy to one 's hand . no matter how often he saw it , the chimp did n't get it . the inference from this and other experiments was that the primate perceives use of the tool to accomplish the end , but does not attend to the manner of using the tool . in the next segment , there is a similar setup with a small child . the child fails with the tines down . then the adult demonstrates flipping his rake over . the child immediately , on the next turn , does the same , even moving the rake through a curving path very much like that executed by the adult 's rake , to capture the object ( a block ) and pull it back to the edge . in support of this hypothesis , i believe there are no observations of cultural differences between one community of primates and another comparable to differences of human """" body language """" style and linguistic dialect - - differences in the manner of doing the """" same """" things , functionally inconsequential differences such that """" we """" do these things this way and """" they """" do the same things that way . bruce nevin bn @ lightstream . com
 "",0
 1270,""Subject: sum : speaking in tongues
  
  this is a summary of my query on speaking in tongues of a month back . i posted three queries on various matters about simultaneously , and this was by far the one which generated most correspondence ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the original query : dear all , has anyone studied or systematically recorded what people actually produce when they """" speak in tongues """" - - at revival meetings and such occasions ? a friend of mine noted that the sounds produced tend to sound remarkably alike each other . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - short answer : in addition to various studies and papers there seems to be or to have been two major researchers in the area : felicitas goodman , and william samarin ; goodman using an anthropological method and samarin a linguistic one . they both published in the seventies . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - thanks to all who responded with comments , notes , references : rich alderson , keith allan , jeffrey howard allen , jose r . alvarez , susan burt , steve chandler , linda coleman , ellen contini - morava , alan davies , patricia donegan , brian drayton , sheila embleton , anthea f gupta , jacques guy , stephen helmreich , wayne leman , wenchao li , mark mitton , david l . moore , tim pulju , j . a . rea , malcolm ross , dale russell , deborah sweeney , shana walton , and some who preferred not to be named . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - list of references : i received the following references , most of which i have not yet dug out . goodman , felicitas ( 1969 ) . phonetic analysis of glossolalia in four cultural settings . journal for the scientific study of religion ( : 227-239 . goodman , felicitas ( 1972 ) . speaking in tongues . a cross - cultural study of glossolalia . the university of chicago press . samarin , william ( 1972a ) . tongues of men and angels . the religious language of pentecostalism . the macmillan company . samarin , william ( 1972b ) . variation and variables in religious glossolalia . language in society 1 : 121-130 . samarin , william ( 1973 ) . glossolalia as regressive speech . language and speech 16 : 77-89 . samarin , william ( 1974 ) . review of goodman ( 1972 ) . language 5 : 207-213 . malony h . n . & lovekin a . a . 1985 . glossolalia , new york , oxford university press . dilia flores . analisis y comparacian de hablas sagradas en tres formas de trance - posesian : un estudio en etnografia de la comunicacion . universidad del zulia , 1987 . a study of glossolalia and related phenomena in maracaibo , venezuela . _ tongue speaking _ , morton kelsey ( new york : crossroad , 1981 ) . _ they speak with other tongues _ , by john l . sherrill ( westwood , new jersey : fleming h . revell , 1964 ) , a popular treatment . _ the pentecostal movement in the catholic church _ by edward d . o'connor ( notre dame , indiana : ave maria press , 1971 ) claims cases of xenolalia ( speaking in an unlearned , existing language ) . and a recommendation to perform a library search for donald clarence laycock which might uncover a few things on glossolalia . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - fuller information , from the replies sent to me : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - basically , the finding was that the native language of the speaker was a pretty good predictor of the kinds of sounds that would occur in glossolalia ; one general pattern was that sounds perceived as generally marking """" foreign """" speech ( whatever that may mean ) would occur , while sounds perceived as typical of the native language would not . thus , for american english speakers , / r / would be rendered as the alveolar trill , never as the american retroflex ; on the other hand , these speakers would not include the low front vowel in their glossolalia , / ae / - as-digraph , because that 's perceived as a typically """" american """" sound for some reason . on the other hand , truly exotic sounds - - those not typical of the native language , but that do n't happen to be familiar to speakers of the language - - would tend not to occur : american english speakers do n't produce clicks in their glossolalia . and yes , the inventory of sounds is very simple and the sequence is repetitive . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - as a former church-goer myself who believed i had the ability to speak in tongues , i used to wonder a lot about the repetitive ( and ' primitive ' ? ) nature of the sounds that i produced and heard from others around , and also at the way people within a particular church tended to sound like one another ( but slightly different from people attending a different church ) . . . a case of unconscious ' copying ' ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i was told by one observer that i keep my british accent when i sing in tongues ; other people tell me this is not so . to my own ears , the sounds i produce are not like any language i know but they do occur in recurring patterns . i think they have predominantly l 's , s 's and vowels . the most articulate ( as distinct from hagiographic ) evaluation i received was that there are two continental charismatic traditions - a french one concentrating on melodious spontaneous song and a german / english one concentrating on speech . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i wanted to share my own experience : an old quaker minister ( from a very old-fashioned meeting which had come under the influence of pentecostalism ) came on a religious visit to our area and spent the night at our house . during a period of prayer in my living room , he spoke in tongues . i had never heard such a thing before , except in imitation , and i was impressed by the monotony of it . i can't make this machine do a phonetic transcription , but it was ( in a very quiet sing-song ) something like / ' a : ' tikari ' ka : ' tika ti ' ka : ti ' ka : / and then repeated ( the ' = primary stress ) . the shakers , a dying sect here known for their ecstatic group dancing and singing , incorporated """" tongues """" into many of their songs , in stylized form , and there were relatively few syllables used there as well - - ba , lo , ta , ti , ka , la and a few others . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - for a short answer , dredged out of my memory ( i wrote my undergraduate honors paper on this topic in 1973 ! ) : glossolalia is not a language , of course - - its users seem to latch onto and them repeat sounds that sound foreign to them , and intersperse the name jesus in between the sounds - - at least this was the case with glosslalia produced by american english speakers that i heard . jesus was pronounced , as i recall , as in english . many glossolalia users , however , think that they are speaking another human language , and will eagerly press this point to the visiting linguist , anthropologist or undergraduate . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - some years ago as an undergraduate , i memorized the first eleven lines to beowulf . occasionally i recited them to people ( i still do ) . once i recited them to a friend from alabama , and she told me that if i did that back where she came from , folks would say i was speaking in tongues . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - anecdotally , when i was an undergrad , one of my professors mentioned having seen a study or two on glossolalia . the studies indicated that the phoneme inventory was always quite small , smaller than that found in practically any natural language . maybe even smaller than the hawaiian inventory of thirteen phonemes , although my professor did n't go into details . my professor was a fundamentalist christian herself as well as an excellent linguist . she did believe that glossolalia was , at least in some cases , an inspired state and that people in that state were often speaking genuine languages . however , they were n't natural human languages . my professor pointed out that there was no reason to assume that they would be natural human languages , that people could speak in heavenly tongues which are meaningless to those on earth but which do have meaning , even if earthly people can't understand them . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - regards , and thanks j jussi karlgren jussi . karlgren @ sics . se sw inst of comp sc ( sics ) spr } kteknologi / natural language processing box 1263 , 164 28 kista ph + 46 8 752 15 00 , fax + 46 8 751 72 30 stockholm , sweden http : / / sics . se / ~ jussi / jussi-karlgren . html
 "",0
 1271,""Subject: aaas
  
  what follows are the minutes of the meeting of section z - linguistics and the language science - - held during the atlanta aaas annual meeting . the section committee hopes that this will be of interest to all linguists and once again urges any linguist not yet a member of aaas to join and select section z as their priary affiliation . ( a membership form follows the minutes ) v . fromkin , section z , secretary = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = section z - - linguistics & the language sciences section meeting - february 17 , 1995 , 2 : 30 - 5 : 30 pm marriott marquis , atlanta , ga . minutes attendance : retiring chair barbara lust , chair , richie kayne , chair - elect stephen anderson , chair elect 1995 sarah thomason , secretary , vicki fromkin , members of steering committee : paul chapin , ilse lehiste , paul chapin , section z representative to aaas council , arnold zwicky , and 10-25 individuals ( 20 signed the attendance sheet ) . ( 1 ) the meeting was called to order and chaired by chair richie kayne . the attendees were asked to introduce themselves . ( 2 ) the minutes of the feb . 21 , 1993 section meeting were distributed and approved . ( 3 ) the results of the last election were reported : sarah ( sally ) thomason was elected chair - elect for 1995 , and david caplan was elected member at large 1995 - 1998 . the members of the steering committee for 1995 ( as of february 21 , 1995 ) therefore consist of : retiring chair richie kayne , chair stephen anderson , chair elect sarah thomason , secretary victoria a . fromkin , members - at - large : david caplan , paul chapin , ilse lehiste . arnold zwicky remains as the council delegate through 1996 . the chair expressed the appreciation of all members of section z to retiring chair barbara lust ( who will serve on the council in 1995 ) and david pesetsky . ( 4 ) four sessions were sponsored by section z at this meeting : bilingualism : when is the best age to learn a second language ? ; endangered languages ; linguistic science and language technology : machines and human language ; structures of language : batons for cognitive science and neuroscience . in addition , section z cosponsored a session organized by the psychology section : instincts to learn . kenneth hale presented one of the topical lectures - - the scientific cost of the global loss of linguistic diversity . ken hale s lecture and the session on endangered languages received a great deal of interest from the press . ( this issue made national press coverage by the time of the section meeting , ) the section extended its gratitude to the session organizers and speakers , and to ken hale for their efforts in bringing linguistics to the general scientific community at the aaas . ( 5 ) dr . susan speece , chair of the department of biological sciences at anderson university , anderson in , who has been appointed as education liaison from the education section to section z was introduced . she distributed copies of life science standards and curriculum development for k-12 and reported on the work of the science education reform committee of the national research council and asked for suggestions and input from our section regarding science education k-12 and also undergraduate science education . , a discussion followed in which it was announced that stephen crain is heading a committee of the linguistic society of american on linguistics in the curriculum which is also concerned with the teaching of linguistic science in the schools . it was suggested that crain be asked to contact dr . speece . individuals were urged to view the poster paper linguistics in the schools : developing an epistemology of science by maya honda and wayne o neil on display from 10 : 30 to 3 : 30 on saturday , february 18 , in the marriott south exhibit hall . this poster paper is directly related to the subject under discussion . ( 6 ) budget . vicki fromkin reported on the budget situation . up to this meeting , section z received $ 2500 / annum from the aaas office which was supposed to cover the travel expenses of the section officers for the annual meeting , refreshments , and any expenses of the ssponsored sessions ( organizers and speakers ) that could be provided . last year we offered no support to symposia speakers . thus , this year after subtracting the probable expenses of the officers , the section budget total came to approximately $ 2500 . symposia organizers sent their requests to vicki fromkin . after she determined the cheapest possible fares of the speakers , she divided the sum so that no speaker who had requested funds would suffer financially more than the others and recommended to the aaas staff that these sums be disbursed . this leaves the section with a zero balance . at the planning committee which she attended , vicki reported that the staff had decided to change the section budgets . the expenses of the officers would no longer be deducted from the section allocation but would be borne by the central office . however , the sections would now receive much lower allocations ; section z will only receive $ 1000 / annum . it is urgent that symposia organizers inform their invited speakers that there is little if any money for expenses and speakers should attempt to find money elsewhere . ( 7 ) 1996 aaas annual meeting , baltimore , maryland , 8-13 february 1996 . proposals for sessions are due april 1 , 1995 . a general discussion was held regarding sessions to be sponsored by section z . the section agreed that it would like to see the following session organized . ( note that these are not necessarily the titles of the symposia to be submitted but rather signify the contents we would like to see presented . ) ( the name in parenthesis after each is the person designated to contact the proposed organizers ) i . language in the schools . proposed organizers wayne o neil , maya honda , walt wolfram ( wayne o neil ) ii . new technology ( e . g . mri , ct , pet ) in the study of the biology of language . proposed organizer : david caplan ( v . fromkin ) iii . the structure and acquisition of sign languages . proposed organizer : ursula bellugi ( v . fromkin ) iv . child language acquisition . proposed organizer : lila gleitman ( v . fromkin ) v : connectionism vs . symbolic systems models of cognition . proposed organizer : paul smolensky ( steve anderson ) ( following the meeting some of the members of the section steering committee proposed that geoffrey nunberg also be asked to submit a proposal on prescriptivism / the equality of dialects / english only legislation or such related issues . fromkin and anderson will contact him ) barbara lust informed the section that we also received a tentative idea for a possible symposium from lisa menn ( working with both lsa and asha ) which would be on theoretical , modeling and therapeutic studies of the acquisition of phonology . this was referred to sharon goldsmith of asha for further consideration for their support . ( 8 ) 1997 aaas annual meeting , seattle , washington . an opening discussion on possible sessions for the seattle meeting was held it was suggested that individuals should submit proposals to the nsf to fund sessions on reports of current research which would be of interest to the scientific community . such proposals should be submitted to paul chapin by no later than july 15 , 1995 in order to have a funding decision from nsf by december 1995 , in time to submit a session proposal to the aaas program committee . ( 9 ) membership . as of the time of the meeting , 169 members of aaas had selected section z as their primary affiliation , and according to mike spinella ( aaas staff , who attended the meeting briefly ) , 141 had designated section z as their secondary affiliation and 205 as their third . this total of 515 satisfies the aaas requirements for establishing section z as a permanent section of the aaas . in the words of mike spinella you re in ! . however , it is important that we continue to increase the members whose first affiliation is to our section . we would like to see that number grow to a minimum of 400 . in the discussion on methods to increase membership it was suggested that we ask the lsa if we can include a letter from the section chair and secretary in the regular mailings to linguistic department chairs asking if each department would subsidize the membership fee for one member ( probably the chair ) of the department . if the chair is already a member , another person should be designated , who could be elected by the faculty or determined in some other way . this would substantially increase our membership . sharon goldsmith from asha announced that she would be willing to place a notice in the asha newsletters and publications which go to 80 , 000 of their members . paul chapin agreed to draft a letter to send to asha for this purpose . it was also suggested that a membership form be included in the mailings . she also thanked section z for their support of the symposium on bilingualism which was organized by asha and introduced david kean , of the asha research and tehcnology committee . . barbara lust suggested that we contact all the international organizations such as lagb who supported the formation of the new section and ask them to publicize the section and urge their members to join . the question of the cost of joining aaas was discussed . there was confusion as to the cost of joining as a supporting member ( without receiving science ) particularly for foreign applicants . mike spinella assured us that supporting memberships cost $ 35 . 00 for us , and all non - us members . on the application form this $ 35 . fee is stated only for spouses of members , but we were assured that it is for anyone who joins as a supporting member . ( 10 ) endangered languages . michael strauss spoke on the importance of our establishing ties with non-linguists concerned with conservation and diversity , i . e . conservation biology , etc . david harmon of the george wright society of the world parks congress was introduced and told the group that until recently he did not realize the extent of the problem re maintaining linguistic diversity and the dangers facing endangered languages . he supported the suggestion that linguists concerned with this issue work together with other groups interested in cultural and biological diversity and endangered species . ( 11 ) at the 1994 meeting , it was agreed that it was important for linguists to submit research articles to science . this was reiterated . it was pointed out that one cannot complain about the contents of the journal and the heavy weighting toward biology if we do not submit articles . should they consistently be rejected we would then have grounds for complaint . ( 12 ) vicki fromkin announced that the international congress of linguists ( organized by the permanent international committee of linguistics , better known by its french initials cipl ) would be held in paris , in july of 1997 . ( 13 ) michael strauss , the director of annual meetings on the aaas staff and estrella m . triana , the senior program associate , aaas directorate for education & human resources programs were introduced . estrella triana announced that 1998 was the 150th anniversary of aaas and urged members to support the issuing of a aaas commemorative stamp . she also announced the fund raising drive for a new building , and reminded members that sections of the aaas were entitled to hold meetings in the aaas building in washington , dc . the meeting was adjourned submitted by v . fromkin , secretary section z = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = membership request form mail to : aaas - po box 2033 marion oh 43306-2133 or fax to ( 202 ) 842 1065 name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ membership category : ( includes 51 issues of science ) * regular member $ 97 * postdoctoral $ 72 ( payment required with order , ) * student $ 50 ( payment & student id required ) supporting member $ 35 ( does not include science ) check enclosed _ _ _ bill me later _ _ _ ( regular members ) visa _ _ _ _ master card _ _ _ _ credit card number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp date section z primary affiliation : _ _ _ _ ( check here ) * all include 51 issues of science .
 "",0
 1272,""Subject: sum . : history of capitalisation in english
  
  back in late january / early february i posted a query to linguist about sources on the history of capitalisation in english . several people responded asking me to post a summary to the list on any replies i might receive . my apologies for the delay , but i have been fighting three different winter """" bugs """" ( some viral , some bacterial ) since my original posting , and then had to rush to catch up on acadaemic commitments before the end of term ! anyway , here is the summary . . . . the most immediate """" success """" reply , so to speak , came from david denison at u . of manchester , u . k . : mrcepdd @ fsl . art . man . ac . uk . david suggested the following article : osselton , noel ( 1985 ) ' spelling - book rules and the capitalization of nouns in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries ' . in arn , mary - jo and hanneke wirtjes ( eds . ) . * * historical and editorial studies in medieval and modern english : for johan gerritsen . * * wolters - noordhoff , groningen , pp . 49-61 . to my delight , i found that """" my """" university library ( knight lib . at the u . of oregon ) had precisely this volume . the article ( chapter ) is only 6 pages long , but contains as well a list of spelling books and grammars , etc . to which osselton referred in the text . there is also a page of notes . this reference is the most useful i have yet seen , and i will be using it ( when i have the time ) as a foundation for finding more info . on this topic . a good place to start , i think . a reply from john e . koontz ( koontz @ bldr . nist . gov ) pointed me towards usenet lists which , i regret , i have not yet been able to try . john suggests comp . fonts , or hte repositories of past usenet postings ( he is not sure where they are ) , or the usenet faq collections . also , comp . text . larry rosenwald ( lrosenwald @ wellesley . edu ) suggested looking into the literature of printing history , as he reminded me that """" in fact capitalization was often regularized by the printer . """" henry rogers ( rogers @ epas . utoronto . ca ) wrote and remarked that """" [ t ] he distinction between upper and lower case in the roman alphabet obviously developed in the writing of the middle ages . . . """" i confess that my knowledge of the middle ages is not sufficient to know why this is """" obvious """" , and i have n't yet managed to contact henry to find out . do you have a moment to respond , please , henry ? eleanor olds batchelder ( eobgc @ cunyvm . cuny . edu ) suggested i might look at geoffrey nunberg 's writings , """" esp . his history of punctuation """" , but she noted that this is """" just a hunch """" , as she has not yet read the work . nor have i , yet ! a final response came from stavros macrakis ( macrakis @ osf . org ) with the following suggestions : """" i note that there is a library of congress ( tn3270 locis . loc . gov ) heading capitalization , but most of the books there are prescriptive or educational . there is also a subheading capitalization under languages , but english language - - capitalization gives only workbooks . i found some books on german capitalization which may ( or may not ) be helpful . see below . harvard 's catalogue lists 15 books on english capitalization , all prescriptive . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = materialien zur historischen entwicklung der gross - und kleinschreibungsregeln / wolfgang mentrup ( hg . ) . tuebingen : niemeyer , 1980 . 336 p . lc call # pf3147 . m34 subjects [ for mentrup ] : german language - - capitalization - - history . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + moulin , claudine . der majuskelgebrauch in luthers deutschen briefen ( 1517-1546 ) . heidelberg : winter , 1990 . xxxiii , 462 pp . subjects : luther , martin german language - - capitalization german language - - orthography and spelling originally presented as author 's doctoral thesis , 1989 , in otto - friedrich - universitaet , bamberg . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = that is all . i would like to thank everyone who replied , even if only to express an interest . it was heartening to know that other people find this a tantalizing question as well . to conclude , i would like to put forward some further questions that have occurred to me as a result of the responses i received . . . . 1 ) in connection to the point about the rise of the printing industry as an important influence in * * regularising * * the use of capitalisation , i still have questions about the way people capitalised before the printing press . for instance , in religious writings , such as the book of kells ( eire ) , we find capital letters , ornately decorated , at the start of portions of text / top of the page . why were capitals used ? i have n't seen copies of the work , but did adam bede do the same ? 2 ) building on ( 1 ) , i then ask , where / why did the idea of capitalisation arise in the first place ? in quite a number of other writing systems of the world , a method of marking """" important """" words with a larger , and slightly different version , of the """" normal """" sized letters is completely absent . thus , who / why / where did capitalisation come into being ? we take this so much for granted , i wonder if we can still re - / discover the reasoning behind this """" distinctiveness """" strategy . ( and as a final parting shot , so to speak , i would like to point out that in english writing we use a capital letter for the 1st . p . s . in all environments , but not for any other person ! why ? was this a printing influence too ( e . g . , to distinguish it from small """" i """" in roman numerals ? ) . ) from talking to a local professor , russian , for instance , ( if i remember correctly ) , does not have this distinction . how about other language writing systems , european or not ? and what effect does this english pattern have on us psychologically ? in the sense that """" i """" is more important than """" you , them """" etc . ? ) . once again , thank-you to all respondents . i look forward to discussion , if any , on my questions - - either post to list or to me directly . regards to all , anthea . * * """" words do n't mean , people mean . . . . """" * * ( have forgotten the author of this reminder ) . afb .
 "",0
 1273,""Subject: new www server at the university of edinburgh
  
  the linguistics department at the university of edinburgh now has a www server . the url is http : / / www . ling . ed . ac . uk information is available about the department , about staff and student research interests , ongoing projects , undergraduate and graduate study . there are also links to our anonymous ftp server , where various research papers are available on-line , and to other related departments and centres at the university of edinburgh . - - caroline heycock
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 1274,""Subject: fracas project ( computational semantics ) - deliverables , www home page
  
  we would like to announce the world wide web page of the fracas project , at url : http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ fracas / fracas - a framework for computational semantics - is a two-year , lre - funded project studying theories of semantic interpretation and their application in natural language processing . the participants in the project are cwi amsterdam , sri cambridge , and the universities of edinburgh , saarbruecken , and stuttgart . the deliverables produced in the first year of the project are available : from our www site ; by ftp at ftp . cogsci . ed . ac . uk , directory pub / fracas ; or by sending mail to fracas @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk . ( a list of the deliverables is enclosed below . ) our www site includes pointers to the deliverables , to the www pages of the participating sites , to other projects in computational semantics , and to sites involved in research in natural language processing . for more information on the fracas project , contact : the fracas project administrator university of edinburgh centre for cognitive science 2 buccleuch place edinburgh eh8 9lw , scotland , uk fracas @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk the members of the fracas consortium . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - recent fracas deliverables - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - deliverable d7 , december 1994 : harmonizing the approaches our preliminary work towards harmonizing the approaches to semantics that are studied in fracas has led , on the one hand , to the compilation of a list of basic linguistic phenomena that a semantic theory has to account for ; this list has been used to arrive at the in-depth comparison among the semantic theories under study presented in deliverable 8 . on the other hand , we identified a set of basic semantic tools such as generalised quantifiers theory or abstraction that all of the theories under discussion make use of , although very often these tools are interpreted in different ways in the theories under discussion ( e . g . , although all theories have a notion of abstraction , the actual properties of the abstraction operation in these theories differ widely ) . both the list of basic linguistic phenomena and the set of basic semantic tools are discussed in this deliverable . we also address the issue of whether the problems that are important from a technical point of view are also important from the point of view of natural language processing applications , by identifying a set of forms of natural language use that one could reasonably expect an nlp system will have to deal with , and by verifying whether the technically challenging data can be encountered in these forms of text . - - - - - deliverable d8 , december 1994 : describing the approaches this deliverable contains a detailed discussion of the semantic tools used by the five semantic theories studied in the fracas project - discourse representation theory , update and dynamic logic , monotonic semantics , property theory , and situation theory - together with a presentation of the syntax / semantics interface adopted by each theory . - - - - - deliverable d9 , december 1994 : the state of the art in computational semantics : evaluating the descriptive capabilities of semantic theories in this deliverable we discuss the analyses of the linguistic phenomena discussed in deliverables d7 proposed by the five semantic theories studied in the fracas project and presented in deliverable d8 . - - - - - deliverable d10 , january 1994 : evaluating the state of the art in this deliverable we discuss the themes of the interface to semantics , underspecification , contextual reasoning , inference , and lexical semantics . we present a brief survey of some implemented systems that are based at least in part on some of the approaches to semantics that we have described in deliverables d8 and d9 . in order to ground discussion of the various themes and approaches in this deliverable we include an annotated text ( """" eurodisney """" ) that illustrates the range and variety of semantic phenomena to be found even in the simplest newspaper article . we classify the phenomena illustrated by this text so as to give some idea of what is within the state of the art , and what areas still require a good deal of research . the final section amplifies this latter theme , trying to summarise the future directions that computational semantics might need to take in order to achieve some of the goals sketched out earlier in the document .
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 1275,""Subject: news from the ippe ( 08 mar 95 )
  
  = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = news from the ippe - - 7 mar 95 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - world wide web access redesigned - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - in support of the mission of the international philosophical preprint exchange to facilitate the exchange of working papers between philosophers world-wide , carolyn burke of the ippe has recently redesigned our world wide web access , making it much easier to use , and enabling philosophers to locate papers of interest to them in the ippe 's collection with greater ease than ever before . the ippe 's world wide web service supplements the previous methods of access via gopher , ftp , and automated email ( see the end of this newsletter for details on all these access methods ) . the ippe 's www service is available by opening the url http : / / phil-preprints . l . chiba-u . ac . jp / ippe . html using netscape , mosaic , lynx , or any other www browser ( we recommend netscape ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - status report - - - - - - - - - - - - - the ippe continues to enjoy a rate of access of over 100 users per day at our main site in japan . additional accesses to the many north american and european sites mirroring the ippe collection probably greatly exceed this number , but are difficult to quantify . in addition , the rate of submissions to the ippe has climbed steeply in recent weeks . we are delighted by this trend , and encourage all philosophers to submit their manuscripts to the ippe in order to benefit from the commentary of their peers . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for volunteers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the ippe seeks motivated and enthuiastic volunteers to assist in the areas of administration , publicity , and technical support . we especially seek persons able to carry out some or all of the following tasks : - liason with the ippe 's international user population of professional philosophers , graduate students , the editorial staffs of philosophical journals , and the staffs of other on-line projects in the humanities and social sciences - editorial work on the newsletter and publicity materials - administrative activities ( regarding funding , etc . ) - computer support work : unix and cgi scripting and related activities . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the ippe staff - - - - - - - - - - - - - - coordinators : dr . syun tutiya ( chiba university ) and dr . richard reiner ( visiting in ' 95 at the center for philosophy of science , university of pittsburgh ) . adminstrator : carolyn l burke ( cmu ) . board members : dr . george gale ( university of missouri , kansas city ) , andrew burday ( mcgill university ) , istvan berkeley ( university of alberta ) , stephen rice ( york university ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - accessing the ippe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - to access the ippe , proceed as follows : by www : open the url http : / / phil-preprints . l . chiba-u . ac . jp / ippe . html by gopher : use gopher to go to either apa . oxy . edu or kasey . umkc . edu by ftp : ftp to either phil - preprints . l . chiba - u . ac . jp , or mrcnext . cso . uiuc . edu by email : mail to phil-preprints - service @ phil - preprints . l . chiba - u . ac . jp to place a paper or comment on the ippe : see pub / submissions / readme . if you have questions : send mail to carolyn burke at the address ( cburke @ nexus . yorku . ca ) .
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 1276,""Subject: 6 . 351 language policy
  
  frank ashen focussed on the divisive effects of promoting one of several indigenous languages to the position of official language and used the much quoted justification that speakers of not-chosen languages may feel disadvantaged . he did not mention the effect of the introduction of a foreign world language on the vernaculars . the introduction of foreign official language has , in africa , led to explicit negative attitudes amongst the speakers themselves towards their languages . the alternative to the selection of an indigenous language as official language seems to be to disadvantage the whole population . in most african countries the foreign official language generally has a very low penetration so that only the elite know it . knowledge of the official language then becomes a new factor that determines access to power and the well-paid jobs . at the same time the vernaculars are ignored or stigmatised . this means that no or very little funds are available for their development and teaching . this means , to come back to tove skutnabb - kangas ' comments , that the population cannot exercise their """" right to learn their mother tongue , both orally and in writing , up to a high level . """" the assumption that frank ashen quotes is based on a false departure point , namely that only a colonial language can save an african country from being torn up by its own internal divisions . i do n't recall any wars based on language differences prior to colonisation . africa solved its linguistic diversity by developing lingua francas . djit ? recently ( 1993 ) showed that the use of so-called international languages such as english and french have not solved the communication problems of the african masses but in many cases contributed towards the """" pathology of linguistic bakwardness """" . the fact that these languages ( such as wolof , swahili , hausa , lingala ) are actually spreading - without much official help - seems to indicate """" a general willingness for cooperation and a cultural and linguistic tolerance that ignores the political boundaries inherited from colonization """" djit ? ( 1993 : 162 ) . spencer ( 1985 : 395 ) claims that the introduction of european languages to africa retarded the spread of what he calls """" african vehicular languages """" . however , adegbija ( 1994 : 26-27 ) is sceptical of the ability of african lingua francas of being accepted outside their present geographical domains . he also warns against the imposition of these languages . it would seem that we need a three-language policy such as that of india : one language for communication with the outside world known by a relatively small section of the population ; one lingua franca for national and regional communication and the various vernaculars for local business and primary education . in many african countries this is the de facto situation and trilingualism is more common in africa than outside linguists seem to realise . this suggestion might avoid the subtractive language learning ( that characterises many african communities ) and that tove skutnabb - kangas finds """" a violation of minorities ' linguistic rights """" . the sources that i referred to : adegbija , e . 1994 language attitudes in africa : a sociolinguistic overview . clevedon : multilingual matters . djit ? , p . g . 1993 """" language development in africa . """" in : international journal of the sociology of language 100 / 101 : 149-166 . spencer , j . 1985 """" language and development in africa : the unequal equation . """" in : wolfson , n . and j . manes ( eds . ) 1985 language of inequality . berlin : mouton : 387-397 . august cluver department of linguistics university of south africa
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 1277,""Subject: summary : german / ts / ( tsch )
  
  several weeks ago i posted a query as to whether german / ts / , as in ( tschu """" s ) and < deutsch > , was best regarded as a single segment or as a sequence . i received nine replies , and there was no consensus . as far as i could tell ( not all respondents were fully committal ) , the responses break down as follows : it 's a single segment : 3 it 's a sequence : 2 either analysis is defensible : 1 no firm position : 3 guess i ' m still in the dark . my thanks to charles scott , mark mandel , geoffrey nathan , alexis manaster - ramer , jakob dempsey , michael jesson , ursula doleschal , john jeep , and reinhard hahn for responding . i replied individually to all of them , but two of my replies mysteriously bounced . larry trask cogs university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh england larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk
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 1278,""Subject: old irish expert required for quick query
  
  i believe old irish had word-accent on the first-syllable . 1 ) was there an alliterative-verse tradition ? 2 ) any evidence that allit . phrases might have been a feature of ordinary or of any kinds of hight-register speech ? thanks , richard dury
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 1279,""Subject: spontaneous nasalisation
  
  i am presently working on constituing a bank of data on spontaneous vowel nasalisation . i need cases where vowels have been nasalised in a nasal-free context ( no nasal consonant in the immediate surroundings ) . i would be grateful if you could help me by sending any information on the subject . thank you , robert boivin r26670 @ er . uqam . ca
 "",0
 1280,""Subject: canadian english
  
  hello , i would like to give my students at mcgill an assignment concerning geographical ( and social ) variation in canadian english . to do so , i should therefore build a short questionaire that will allow them to elicit words and pronuncations which are likely to vary depending on the social characteristics of their consultants . i would very much appreciate if my fellow linguists could provide me with good test items for that questionaire . thanks in advance . - - julie auger
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 1281,""Subject: european linguistics
  
  i would like help in finding out information on linguistics in europe - - how the field is structured ? what theoretical models are important ? what departments in universities have linguists ? etc . i ' m not sure where to go for this type of information - - so pointers toward sources or personal knowledge would be greatly appreciated . thanks in advance . sonja launspach t720026 @ univscvm . csd . scarolina . edu
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 1282,""Subject: open / closed word classes , etc .
  
  can anyone help with this question ? many introductory ( and some other ) books on linguistics mention the open / closed distinction for word classes and the lexical / grammatical meaning distinction . none that i have seen , however , say anything about who invented these distinctions , when , where , and why . does anyone have any information about the provenance of these distinctions ? thanks .
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 1283,""Subject: query : guide to software for linguistic analysis
  
  does anyone know of any wide-ranging guide to software for use in linguistics , ( covering , say , fieldwork , quantitative sociolinguistic research , acoustic phonetics , managing electronic corpora , discourse analysis , parsing . . . ) ? such a guide ( preferably electronic ) would be very useful as a reference for students . i will summarise the results for the list . jane simpson phone + 61 2-351 - 3655 linguistics f12 fax + 61 2-552 - 1683 university of sydney nsw 2006 post 18 stawell st , turner act 2601 australia
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 1284,""Subject: iee colloq . london ( may ) : grounding-representations ( sharkey / mc
  
  = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = grounding representations grounding representations grounding representations = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = programme and call for participation grounding representations : integration of sensory information in natural language processing , artificial intelligence and neural networks iee colloquium iee computing and control division [ professional group : c4 ( artificial intelligence ) ] in association with : british computer society specialist group on expert systems and the society for the study of artificial intelligence and simulation of behaviour ( ssaisb ) monday , may 15th , 1995 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * at the iee colloquium savoy place london , england chairs noel sharkey and paul mc kevitt department of computer science university of sheffield , england workshop description : perhaps the most famous criticism of traditional artificial intelligence is that computer programs use symbols that are arbitrarily interpretable ( see searle , 1980 for the chinese room and harnad , 1990 for the symbol grounding problem ) . we could , for example , use the word """" apple """" to mean anything from a """" common fruit """" to a """" pig 's nose """" . all the computer knows is the relationship between this symbol the others that we have given it . the question is , how is it possible to move from this notion of meaning , as the relationship between arbitrary symbols , to a notion of """" intrinsic """" meaning . in other words , how do we provide meaning by grounding computer symbols or representations in the physical world ? the aim of this colloquium is to take a broad look at many of the important issues in relating machine intelligence to the world and to make accessible some of the most recent research in integrating information from different modalities . for example , why is it important to have symbol or representation grounding and what is the role of the emerging neural network technology ? one approach has been to link intelligence to the sensory world through visual systems or robotic devices . another approach is work on systems that integrate information from different modalities such as vision and language . yet another approach has been to examine how the human brain relates sensory , motor and other information . it looks like we may be at long last getting a handle on the age old chinese room and symbol grounding problems . hence this colloquium has as its focus , """" grounding representations . the colloquium will occur over one day and will focus on three themes : ( 1 ) biology and development ; ( 2 ) computational models and ( 3 ) symbol grounding . the target audience of this colloquium will include engineers and scientists in neural networks and artificial intelligence , developmental psychologists , cognitive scientists , philosophers of mind , biologists and all of those interested in the application of artificial intelligence to real world problems . programme : monday , may 15th , 1995 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * introduction : 9 . 00 registration + sustenance 10 . 00 ` an introduction ' noel sharkey ( department of computer science , university of sheffield , england ) biology : 10 . 30 ` the neuronal mechanisms of language ' valentino braitenberg ( max plank institute for biological cybernetics , tuebingen , germany ) computational models : 11 . 00 ` natural language and exploration of an information space ' oliviero stock ( istituto per la ricerca scientifica e technologica , irst ) ( trento , italy ) 11 . 30 ` how visual salience influences natural language descriptions ' wolfgang maass ( cognitive science programme ) ( universitaet des saarlandes , saarbruecken , germany ) 12 . 00 discussion 12 . 30 lunch grounding symbols : 2 . 00 ` on grounding language with neural networks ' georg dorffner ( austrian institute for artificial intelligence , vienna , austria ) 2 . 30 ` some observations on symbol-grounding from a combined symbolic / connectionist viewpoint ' john barnden ( computing research laboratory , new mexico , usa ) & ( department of computer science , university of reading , england ) 3 . 00 sustenance break 3 . 30 ` grounding symbols in sensorimotor categories with neural networks ' stevan harnad ( department of psychology , university of southampton , england ) panel discussion and questions : 4 . 00 ` grounding representations ' chairs + invited speakers s / in s / in : 4 . 30 ` de brief / comments ' paul mc kevitt ( department of computer science , university of sheffield , england ) 5 . 00 o / iche mha / ith * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * publication : we intend to publish a book on this colloquium proceedings . addresses iee contact : sarah leong groups officer the institution of electrical engineers ( iee ) savoy place gb - wc2r obl , london england , uk , eu . e - mail : sleong @ iee . org . uk ( sarah leong ) e - mail : mbarrett @ iee . org . uk ( martin barrett ) e - mail : dpenrose @ iee . org . uk ( david penrose ) www : http : / / www . iee . org . uk ftp : ftp . iee . org . uk fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 171-497 - 3633 phone : + 44 ( 0 ) 171-240 - 1871 ( general ) phone : + 44 ( 0 ) 171-344 - 8423 ( direct ) location : the institution of electrical engineers ( iee ) savoy place gb - wc2r obl , london england , uk , eu . academic contact : paul mc kevitt department of computer science regent court 211 portobello street university of sheffield gb - s1 4dp , sheffield england , uk , eu . e - mail : p . mckevitt @ dcs . shef . ac . uk www : http : / / www . dcs . shef . ac . uk / www : http : / / www . shef . ac . uk / ftp : ftp . dcs . shef . ac . uk fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 114-278 - 0972 phone : + 44 ( 0 ) 114-282 - 5572 ( office ) 282-5596 ( lab . ) 282-5590 ( secretary ) registration : registration forms are available from sarah leong at the above address and should be sent to the following address : ( it is not possible to register by e - mail . ) colloquium bookings institution of electrical engineers ( iee ) po box 96 stevenage gb - sg1 2sd herts england , uk , eu . fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 143 874 2792 receipt enquiries : + 44 ( 0 ) 143 876 7243 registration enquiries : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 240 1871 x . 2206 pre-registration is advised although you can register on the day of the event . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ r e g i s t r a t i o n costs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( all figures include vat ) iee members 44 . 00 non-iee members 74 . 00 iee members ( retired , unemployed , students ) free non-iee members ( retired , unemployed , students ) 22 . 00 lunch ticket 4 . 70 members : members of the ieeie , the british computer society and the society for the study of artificial intelligence and simulation of behaviour and eurel member associations will be admitted at members ' rates .
 "",0
 1285,""Subject: latex on pc 's
  
  last month i posted a query about latex on pcs . here 's a summary of the responses i got and my own experience in making my choice ( gtex ) work ( if you plan to adopt gtex , especially for windows nt , be sure to read my comments - - it will save you time . . . ) first , i 'd like to thank the following persons for proving , yet again , the power of the virtual community : alderson @ netcom . com ( richard m . alderson iii ) mark robert hale ( hale1 @ alcor . concordia . ca ) michael covington ( mcovingt @ ai . uga . edu ) stewart nichols ( nichols @ ccwf . cc . utexas . edu ) knappen @ vkpmzd . kph . uni - mainz . de ( j """" org knappen ) sl70 @ musuko . spc . uchicago . edu ( stuart luppescu ) achim @ chianti . philosophie . uni-stuttgart . de ( achim stein ) terdoest @ cs . utwente . nl ( hugo ter doest ) wilhelm weisweber ( ww @ cs . tu-berlin . de ) alex schoenmakers ( alex . schoenmakers @ ccl . kuleuven . ac . be ) peter - arno coppen ( u250005 @ vm . uci . kun . nl ) koontz @ alpha . bldr . nist . gov ( john e . koontz ) syang @ uvvm . uvic . ca ( suying yang ) robert dale ( rdale @ microsoft . com ) alfredo arnaiz ( arnaiz @ scf . usc . edu ) c . l . thiersch @ kub . nl ( craig thiersch ) alice drewery ( alice @ cogsci . edinburgh . ac . uk ) all the messages were extremly helpful . they provided fairly detailed information and many offered further help if i needed it . thanks ! i have divided the information into the following categories : 1 . general tex info 2 . the unix option 3 . the commercial option 4 . the mac option 5 . emtex 6 . gtex ( including my own experience in installing and using it ) hope it is useful for others as well . ami kronfeld natural language inc . 1 ) general tex info - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - """" you might want to check out the usenet group comp . tex . tex , and its faq . also , the book mking tex work , by norman walsh , from o'reilly associates . """" """" you can also check out the tex archives on the us ctan site : ftp . shsu . edu . """" """" the most comprehensive distribution is called 4alltex , it 's available at the standard ctan - archive sites ( like ftp . shsu . edu ) and on the cd - rom """" snapshot """" of same from prime time ( prime time texcetera ) . """" special thanks to suying yang who sent a very useful page from walsh 's _ making tex work _ . here it is : tex and the other programs mentioned in this book are available from a number of places . it 's impossible to list all of the places where you might find any given tool , but there is one place where you will almost certainly find every tool : the comprehensive tex archive network ( ctan ) . this network is a fully-mirrored anonymous ftp hierarchy on three continents . always use the ftp site that is geographically closest to you . the following table lists the current members of ctan as of july 1993 : % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % location site ip address top level directory united states ftp . shsu . edu 192 . 92 . 115 . 10 / tex-archive england ftp . tex . ac . uk 131 . 151 . 79 . 32 / tex-archive germany ftp . uni-stuugart . de 129 . 69 . 8 . 13 / tex-archive % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % you may also access the ctan archives by electronic mail if you do not have ftp access . for up-to - date instructions about the mail server , send the single-line message help to : fileserv @ shsu . edu . where are the files ? every ctan mirror site has the same well-organized directory structure . the top-level directory also contains a complete catalog of current files organized by name , date , and size . the catalogs are named files . byname , files . bydate , and files . bysize , respectively , in the top level directory . the top-level directory contains the following subdirectories : % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % directory description of contents tools archiving tools ( unzip , tar , compress , etc . ) biblio tools for maintaining bibliographic databases digests electronic digests ( texhax , uktex , etc . ) info free documentation , many good guides dviware printing and previewing software fonts fonts fo tex graphics software for working with pictures and figures help online help files , etc . indexing indexing and glossary building tools language multi - national language support macros macro packages and stule files misc stuff that does n't fit in any other category support tools for running and supporting tex systems os - specific programs and files web sources for tex programs ( in web ) % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % the archives at ftp . shsu . edu and ftp . tex . ac . uk also support gopher access to the archives . the uk gopher supports indexed access to the archives . a world wide web ( hypertext ) interface to the archives is available from : http : / / jasper . ora . com / ctan / ctan . html this interface includes brief descriptions of many packages and the ability to perform keyword and date searches . 2 ) the unix option : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - many have pointed out that i could run linux ( freely distributed unix clone ) on my pc , and that it has great tex support ( ntex 1 . 3 ) . this turned out to be impractical for me . but it is an option i did not know existed : """" check out freebsd , freely downloadable from ftp . freebsd . org , or available as a cdrom from cdrom . com ( about $ 40 or less ) . you can maintain dos and unix on the same hardware and switch between the two , and therefore have your latex , too . """" 3 ) the commercial option : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - """" there is a commercial version of ( la ) tex available for pcs from y&y , who just today have announced a sales-help @ yandy . com ( among other addresses ) . """" """" re your linguist query - - we looked at the blurb describing both y&y tex and truetex and chose the former . """" for info on truetex email richard j . kinch ( kinch @ netcom . com ) ; for info on y&y tex email louis vosloo ( 71172 . 524 @ compuserve . com ) . both are in the $ 400 - - 500 area from memory . seemed to me that y&y tex was a bit more abreast of changes ( like latex 2e ) than truetex but you 'd be best to get info from both of course to make up your own mind . """" 4 ) latex on the mac - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - """" if you are not set on an intel - based processor , oztex 1 . 8 is the best shareware version for the mac , while textures ( from blue sky ) is a highly regarded commercial implementation . """" """" i ' ve used textures for years on a mac and still have n't seen anything to compare in terms of ease of integration of graphics . """" 5 ) emtex - - - - - - - - - emtex seems to be the overall favorite for dos machines . it is said to be much more widely used ( than gtex ) and easier to install . a summary of how you can get it : """" the most painless way to get latex on your pc is to download emtex from the university of georgia ( ai . uga . edu , / pub / emtex ) . we give additional installation instructions besides those provided by the author . """" other cites : ftp . rus . uni-stuttgart . de / pub / tex / sytems / msdos / emtex and emtex-fonts ponder . csci . unt . edu [ 129 . 120 . 3 . 16 ] pub / tex / emtex ymir . claremont . edu [ 134 . 173 . 4 . 23 ] [ anonymous . tex . ibm _ pc . emtex ] there was also a particular enthusiastic endorsment of emtex for emacs users on os / 2 : """" i use the os / 2 version [ of emtex ] which is truly excellent ( not being limited by memory , it is much better than the dos version ) . there are also available for os / 2 , a graphical dvi viewer ( dvipm ) , ghostscript , dvips , etc . in addition , em has ported gnu emacs to os / 2 ( the current version is 19 . 27 ) . imho , if you are going to work in latex , you should be using emacs in latex mode as your editor . emacs + emtex under os / 2 has pretty much supplanted other use of word processing software """" 6 ) gtex - - - - - - - - the gtex package was said to be more complete ( amslatex , amstex , dviwin etc . ) and more windows - friendly than emtex . this is , more or less , what sold me on it . i got it from : gtex ftp . shsu . edu / tex-archive / systems / msdos / gtex1 . 0 for ms windows / dos users . microemacs for windows is the host interface whose menus allow easy access to tex / metafont / amspell / bibtex / etc . also included are complete macro sets for plain tex , latex , nfss , e - tex , amslatex , and amstex . one person who responded to my query commented that gtex is less mature than emtex . i must say that he is probably right . installation took me much longer than i anticipated . here is a summary of the problems and their workarounds : 1 ) to begin with , the main tex . exe in the base directory does not accept arguments . i may have missed something , but i could not make latex work by the standard $ ) tex &lplain ( file-name > what i got was simply the tex environment . i could , of course , load lplain at this point and then load my file . but this is rather cumbersome . i found a workaround through micro-emacs , which is part of the package . 2 ) i did n't realize that if you unzip latex2e after unzipping latex , you clobber some of the latex 2 . 09 . sty files ( and you cannot use latex 2 . 09 as a result ) . there is a ( rather complex ) workaround and if you need latex2e only to begin with you are in good shape . however , it turned out that when you run latex2e . bat in the texfmts directory ( to generate the . fmt file for latex2e ) the name of the fmt file is latex . fmt , but it turned out that micro-emacs package expects a totally different fmt file for latex2e , namely a file called nfss2ltx . fmt . even changing the relevant bat file does not solve the problem . the only workaround i could find was to copy latex . fmt as nfss2ltx . fmt ( in short , if you do n't want the hassle , install latex only ) . 3 ) the dviwin package for both previewing and printing ( written by hipocrates sendoukas ) is rather nice . the feature that generates missing fonts automatically is particularly useful if your disk space is limited . however setting this option to work right was difficult and the documentation is not very helpful . if you run under windows nt ( as i do ) this is what you need to do : o select options / missing fonts . . . o select the third option ( append line to file and execute command ) o in the line text box write : call genpk $ f $ m $ x $ y $ x $ y $ d $ p $ e o in the file text box write : x : \ ( temp-dir ) \ < batch-file . bat > where x : is your hard drive , temp-dir is the value of your temp environment variable and batch-file is an arbitrary name for a batch file that will generatte missing fonts . for example , i use the following text : c : \ temp \ missing . bat o in the cmd text box write : genallnt . bat $ ( temp ) \ missing . bat where temp is the environment variable that contains the name of the directory in the file text box . note that in the cmd text box you need to use an environment variable ( you have to ) while in the file text box you cannot ( you must specify the literal name of the temp directory ) . it took me a while to figure this out and it was n't fun . if you do it wrong , dviwin takes control over your entire operating system , firing up and killing dos widows in rapid succession . you cannot even use nt 's task list to kill the runaway process .
 "",0
 1286,""Subject: foreign language in ads
  
  sorry to be delayed in getting a summary back on the foreign language in the recent ibm ads . as usual , lots of linguist list readers came through with the goods . ( individual thanks are at the end of this message ) . here are the responses i received : the old gentlemen walking along the river are speaking french ( there was some disagreement as to whether it was parisian french or not , with people coming down on both sides ) ; the businessmen in the marketplace are speaking moroccan arabic ; the majority opinion was that the nuns are speaking czech ( though a couple of people felt it was polish ) . i ' ve seen one ad since then which i ' m pretty sure is in greek ( people on a fishing boat ) , because one of the subtitles contains mention of drachmas . if i ' m wrong about that , i 'd like to know , needless to say . those of you who expressed interest in seeing some of our research , i have n't forgotten you ! i ' ve just been buried in administrative stuff lately . i ' ll try to do something about getting it off over spring break , which is in a couple of weeks . if you do n't see something in the next few weeks , you might want to drop me another line at renryder @ idbsu . idbsu . edu . finally , very hearfelt thanks to everyone who wrote ( i hope i have n't left anyone off this list ) : eva wyss , daniel keller , marc picard , laila lalami , john koontz , dana slancova , gary h . toops , marlene abrams miller , guerssel mohamed , frits stuurman , chris miller , greenman , younes mourchid , tim beasley , james kirchner , paul woods , jussi karlgren , marc eisinger , michael kac , rebecca larche moreton , carl woolhiser , anton sherwood , elabbas benmamoun , karin ryding , elizabeth bergman , kirk belnap ( ? ) , reinier post . if anyone wants the addresses of any of these people to discuss the language id with them further , i have them ; i just did n't want to make this message any longer than necessary . thanks to everyone ! mary ellen ryder
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 1287,""Subject: sum : jakobson reference
  
  two months ago ( sorry for the delay ) i posted the following query on the linguist list ( with a horrible spelling error in the subject line ) : ) the following is , i believe , a more or less literal quote from roman jakobson : ) languages differ less in what you can express in them than in what you must ) > express in them . ) does anybody out there have the exact reference ? 1 . reaction to the query = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = six hours later it appeared on the list and three more hours later the first answer was in ! ! ! thank you all , that 's really great ! ! ! within the following four weeks i received ten replies , 5 of them giving the first quotation below , 2 with the second one , 3 asking me to forward the requested information . thanks to all who responded : birgitta englund dimitrova bob fradkin eloise jelinek hans lindquist nili mandelblit bruce mannheim bert peeters larry rosenwald deborah ruuskanen martha thunes 2 . answers = = = = = = = = = = a . the first quotation is : jakobson , roman ( 1959 ) ' on linguistic aspects of translation ' in reuben a . brower ( ed . ) , on translation , cambridge , mass . : harvard university , press . 232-239 . reprint new york : galaxy books 1966 . the quoted sentence is on p . 236 . also in jakobson , roman ( 1971 ) selected writings vol . ii , the hague : mouton . 260-266 . the quoted sentence is here on p . 264 . ( birgitta englund dimitrova mentions that this article has ever since been widely quoted in research on translation . ) the context is the division of labor between lexical and grammatical means , which may vary considerably from language to language , and the problems this poses for translation : """" if some grammatical category is absent in a given language , its meaning may be translated into this language by lexical means . . . . it is more difficult to remain faithful to the original when we translate into a language provided with a certain grammatical category from a language devoid of such a category . . . . as boas neatly observed , the grammatical pattern of a language ( as opposed to its lexical stock ) determines those aspects of each experience that must be expressed in the given language . . . . in order to translate accurately the english sentence """" i hired a worker , """" a russian needs supplementary information , whether this action was completed or not and whether the worker was a man or a woman . . . ) languages differ essentially in what they _ must _ convey and not in what they ) > _ may _ convey . each verb of a given language imperatively raises a set of specific yes-no - questions . . . """" b . the second quotation is : jakobson , roman ( 1959 ) ' boas ' view of grammatical meaning ' in w . goldschmidt ( ed . ) , the anthropology of franz boas , memoirs of the american anthropological association 89 . 139-45 . reprinted in jakobson , roman ( 1971 ) selected writings vol . ii , the hague : mouton . 489-496 . the quoted sentence is on p . 492 . here the context is boas ' obligatoriness criterion for the distinction between grammatical and lexical meaning . jakobson quotes from boas : """" . . . ' a paucity of obligatory aspects does not by any means imply obscurity of speech . when necessary , clarity can be obtained by adding explanatory words . ' to denote time or plurality , those languages which have no tense or grammatical number resort to lexical means . ) thus the true difference between languages is not in what may or may not be ) > expressed but in what must or must not be conveyed by the speakers . """" ( am i right as a non-native speaker of english in suspecting that my fellow non-native speaker has possibly confounded ' must not ' with ' need not ' ? ) 3 . motivation for the query = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = i am using the ( first ) quote in a typological context , as motto for a paper where i discuss some of the consequences the obligatoriness of definiteness and number marking has for those cases of use where the speaker wants to evade these constraints . i argue there that languages with a high degree of explicitness ( many obligatory choices ) also provide for standard weakening strategies . if any typologist out there wants to engage in a discussion about the explicitness parameter , i would be happy to hear from him . to trigger the appropriate keywords , let me just mention that james huang 's ' temperature ' parameter ( the metaphor goes back , via haj ross , to marshall mcluhan ) is just a special case of the explicitness parameter . according to huang ( li 15 , 1984 , pp . 531-574 ) , languages with a high degree of obligatoriness in the expression of anaphoric elements are ' hot ' ( little audience participation required ) , whereas languages with a preference for zero anaphora are ' cool ' ( more audience participation required ) . let me conclude with another quote from the first paper of rj : """" equivalence in difference is the cardinal problem of language and the pivotal concern of linguistics . """" ( 233 ) dietmar zaefferer institut fuer deutsche philologie phone : + 49 89 2180 2060 ( office ) universitaet muenchen + 49 89 36 66 75 ( home ) schellingstr . 3 fax : + 49 89 2180 3871 ( office ) d-80799 muenchen germany email : ue303bh @ sun1 . lrz-muenchen . de
 "",0
 1288,""Subject: references on romanian
  
  i am interested in getting a list of recent ( and not so recent ) work on romanian , in particular phonetics , phonology and morphology . please respond to me directly and i will post a summary to the list . - - richard sproat linguistics research department at&t bell laboratories | tel ( 908 ) 582-5296 600 mountain avenue , room 2d - 451 | fax ( 908 ) 582-7308 murray hill , nj 07974 , usa | rws @ research . att . com
 "",0
 1289,""Subject: farsi ( persian ) light verb constructions
  
  i am working on """" light verb constructions in farsi and kurdish """" at essex university and i would like to share my ideas with other researches intersted in this area . i am going to approach this topic in the framework of noun incorporation ( baker , 1988 ; hale and keyser , 1991 , 1992 , 1993 ) . especially i like to be in touch with dr simin karimi and dr jan mohammad who have written the first article , as far as , on this subject . i will be very gratefull to you , if you could provide me with the e-mail adresses of these linguists . my e-mail address is as follows : karigx @ essex . ac . uk thanks gh . karimi doostan
 "",0
 1290,""Subject: query : international congress of linguists
  
  does anyone have information about the next international congress of linguists in paris in 1997 ? who is the contact person ( email address ) ? thank you , dieter stein anglistik iii universitaetsstr . 1 40225 duesseldorf germany stein @ mail . rz . uni-duesseldorf . de
 "",0
 1291,""Subject: sum : ref . on formal models of discourse
  
  content - length : 5679 a couple of weeks ago i posted a message for one of my students who was looking for references re . formal models of discourse to use as the basis for an automatic analyzer for political discourse . we received a comprehensive bibliography from ann lindvall ( ann . lindvall @ ling . lu . se ) and various useful indications from arild hestvik ( hestvik @ babel . ifl . uib . no ) alice s . horning ( horning @ argo . acs . oakland . edu ) massimo poesio ( poesio @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk ) livia polanyi ( livia @ csli . stanford . edu ) david traum ( traum @ divsun . unige . ch ) ( previously in rochester ) massimo poesio also mentioned he 's involved in ` ` a project called ` fracas ' one of whose goals is to assess the state of the art in ` computational semantics ' , which these days involves a lot of work on discourse ; the deliverables of the project are freely available and can be read through the world wide web at http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ fracas / [ . . . ] ' ' . compiled bibliography and pointers follow . thanks to everybody . catherine walther * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * allwood , j . 1980 . power and communication . in : alvar . dept . of english . stockholm university , sweden alshawi , h . ( ed . ) 1992 . the core language engine . the mit press , cambridge , ma . asher , n . 1993 . reference to abstract objects in discourse . kluwer , dordrecht austin , j . l . 1962 . how to do things with words . oxford university press , london button , g . 1987 . answers as interactional products : two sequential practices used in interview . social psychology quarterly 2 : 160-171 coulthard , m . 1977 , 1985 . an introduction to discourse analysis . longman , london och new york erickson , b . , lind , e . a . , johnson b . c . & o ` barr , w . m . 1978 . speech style and impression formation in a court setting : the effects of ` powerful ` and ` powerless ` speech . journal of experimental social psychology 14 : 266-279 goffman , e . 1976 . replies and responses . language in society 5 : 257-313 . also in : goffman , e . 1981 . forms of talk . basil blackwell , oxford goody , e . ( ed . ) 1978 . questions and politeness : strategies in social interaction . cambridge university press greenbaum , s . , leech , g . and svartvik , j . ( ed . ) . studies in english linguistics for randolph quirk . longman , london grice , h . p . 1975 . logic and conversation . in : cole , p . och morgan , j . ( ed ) . speech acts . syntax and semantics , vol . 3 , academic press , new york gumperz , j . 1982 . discourse strategies . cambridge university press , cambridge halliday , m . a . k . 1985 . an introduction to functional grammar . e . arnold , london halliday m . a . k . & r . hasan . 1976 . cohesion in english . longman , london . heritage , j . and greatbach , d . 1989 . on the institutional character of institutional talk : the core of news interviews . sic . 28 : 47-98 . dept . of communication , link | ping university , sweden hudson , r . 1980 . sociolinguistics . cambridge university press , cambridge kamp , h . & u . reyle . 1993 . from discourse to logic : introduction to modeltheoretic semantics of natural language , formal logic and discourse representation theory . kluwer , dordrecht labov , w . 1982 . sociolinguistic patterns . university of pennsylvania press , philadelphia leech , g . n . 1983 . principles of pragmatics . longman , london linell , p . gustavsson , l . and juvonen , p . 1988 . interactional dominance in dyadic communication . linguistics 26 : 415-442 markova , i . & foppa , k . ( ed . ) 1990 . dynamics of dialogue . harvester press , hertforsshire o'barr , w . m . 1982 . linguistic evidence : language , power and strategy in the courtroom . academic press , new york sacks , h . , schegloff , e . a . & jefferson , g . 1974 . a simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking in conversation . language 50 . 4 : 696-735 schegloff , e . a . % sacks , h . 1973 . opening up closings . semiotica 8 . 4 : 289-327 . also in : turner , r . ( ed . ) 1974 . ethnomethodology : selected readings . penguin , harmondsworth searle , j . 1969 . speech acts : an essay in the philology of language . cambridge university press , cambridge searle , j . et al . 1992 . ( on ) searle on conversation . papers compiled and introduced by h . parret and j . verschueren . john benjamins , amsterdam sinclair , j . mch . & coulthard , m . 1975 . towards an analysis of discourse : the english used by teachers and pupils . oxford university press , london tardy , c . h . 1988 . a handbook for the study of human communication : methods and instruments for observing , measuring ans assessing communication processes . ablex publishing corporation . norwood , n . j . todorov , t . 1984 . mikhail bakhtin : the dialogical principle . seminar press , new york von stechow , a . ( ed . ) handbook of semantics . de gruyter . wrong , d . 1968 . some problems in defining social power . the american journal of sociology 73 : 673-681 further pointers went to heim , lascarides , e . prince , ward , birner , vallduvi , walker , reichman , hobb , mann & thompson , grosz & sidner , scha & polanyi , werth , grimes , longacre .
 "",0
 1292,""Subject: est-ce que questions
  
  several weeks ago , i ' ve sent an inquiry about is it that / est-ce que interrogatives to the list . many of you took the time to answer to it , so i feel very sorry for not giving any summary of the replies before today . i have written one in french , which i display here . if some of you would like a translation , please ask and i ' ll write one . thanks again for your precious collaboration ! the inquiry was : j ' ai rencontre l ' enonce authentique suivant : why is it that ( people are never happy ) ? qui ressemble beaucoup au fran ais : pourquoi est-ce que ( les gens ne sont jamais contents ) ? j ' aimerais savoir s ' il est possible de poser une question de la meme maniere avec : what , who , when , where or how ? what is it that you said / are saying ? who is it that you met / are meeting ? when is it that you met / are meeting her ? how is it that you did / do this ? where is it that you were / are ? sur les 54 reponses obtenues , 21 consistent en une phrase : """" tous ces exemples me paraissent acceptables et normaux """" . les auteurs des autres reponses ont tres majoritairement accepte tous les exemples egalement , mais avec quelques restrictions d ' emploi que nous developpons ici . les quatre grands types de restrictions sont le registre de langue employe , la semantique de l ' interrogative , la nature de l ' adverbe interrogatif et le temps du verbe etre place avant ' it that ' . 1 . le registre employe est juge pertinent pour l ' acceptabilite de la structure , comme le montrent les six remarques suivantes : """" alors que les phrases proposees seraient appropriees dans un registre tres formel , des equivalents plus courants [ colloquial ] seraient : you said / are saying whatj ? you met / are meeting whoj ? you met / are meeting her whenj ? you did / do this howj ? you were / are where j ? cet equivalent ' courant ' n ' existe pas cependant avec why . je dirais plutot : people never seem to be happy . why ( is that ) j ? """" """" why is it that convient mais ne semble pas tres naturel ; l ' emploi de ' that ' marque un registre plus formel . """" """" les exemples semblent appropries dans tous les registres , peut-etre un peu moins frequents dans un ecrit tres formel . """" """" toutes ces questions sont parfaitement ordinaires . """" """" j ' attribue ces phrases au registre courant [ colloquial ] plutot que litteraire . """" """" je dirais que ces phrases seraient acceptees par n ' importe quel locuteur americanophone , au moins dans une conversation informelle . """" les commentaires divergent , certains locuteurs attribuant les exemples a un registre formel , d ' autres a un registre non formel . la premiere personne optant pour le registre formel precise que ce type d ' enonce est caracteristique d ' une question que poserait par exemple un avocat au cours d ' un proces ; mais c ' est peut-etre plutot la semantique de la question qui importe ici , et non le registre . la deuxieme personne ayant choisi le registre formel semble cependant s ' appuyer surtout sur la presence de that . en effet , une autre reponse souligne la difference existant entre les formes ' why is it ' et ' why is it that ' . par consequent nous pouvons retenir des commentaires obtenus que la construction qui nous interesse releve globalement d ' un registre courant - voire familier - mais peut se retrouver dans d ' autres registres sous certaines formes ( avec that vs sans that ) et pour exprimer certains actes de parole . 2 . la semantique de l ' interrogative intervient elle aussi dans le choix de cette construction , comme l ' attestent les 13 remarques suivantes : """" par rapport a la construction plus traditionnelle , celle-ci se limite aux cas ou le locuteur exprime une repetition ou une clarification apres avoir pose la question sous la forme plus courante : me : what did you sayj ? you : i said """" goodbye and good riddancej ! """" me : what is it that you saidj ? i was n't listening closely . """" """" cette construction marquee n ' est appropriee que si le discours precedent a deja etabli qu ' il y aura une reponse non negative a la question . ainsi , l ' echange suivant ne semblerait pas naturel : - who is it that you sawj ? - nobody . """" """" je n ' accepterais pas ou reagirais negativement a la phrase how is it that you did thatj ? . j ' emploie cette construction avec tous les autres adverbes ( where , who , what , when ) pour obtenir un eclaircissement a propos d ' une chose deja mentionnee . """" """" les exemples me semblent normaux si le locuteur met l ' accent sur l ' adverbe interrogatif et exprime une certaine exasperation : what is that thing you boughtj ? """" """" ces questions sont tout a fait acceptables , moyennant un contexte discursif particulier du type reprise . d ' ou la meilleure acceptabilite des versions dans lesquelles le verbe est marque de l ' aspect be + ing ( fondamentalement anaphorique ) . """" """" cette construction met l ' emphase sur l ' element interrogatif . """" """" spontanement , je dirais que cette construction se focalise sur la question plus specifiquement . si l ' on me demandait : who are you meetingj ? je pourrais repondre : a friend . mais si la question etait : who is it that you ' re meetingj ? je me sentirais oblige de repondre plus precisement . """" """" la seule raison justifiant l ' emploi de cette construction est , a mon avis , l ' emphase qu ' elle met sur l ' objet de la question . """" """" en anglais , ces questions sont posees de fa on rhetorique ou pour exprimer une demande de clarification . dans le deuxieme cas , l ' element interrogatif est fortement accentue . """" """" la plupart de ces questions ressemblent a une demande de repetition de quelque chose qui aurait ete mal compris a la premiere audition . """" """" les questions de ce type correspondent a la forme declarative emphatique it is because of x that ou it is x that i am saying ( . . . ) . ces questions en anglais se traduiraient mieux en fran ais par quelque chose comme : qui c ' est que tu as vuj ? qui met aussi l ' accent sur la reponse la ou une question en est-ce que normale ne le ferait pas . cette construction entra ne aussi une accentuation plus forte sur l ' element interrogatif . """" """" dans beaucoup de cas , ces formes marqueraient une emphase utilisee par exemple si je pensais avoir mal compris un message : where is it that you [ said you ] arej ? """" """" pour moi , ces constructions presupposent que quelqu ' un vous a donne l ' information ( what , who , when ou where ) et que vous l ' avez oubliee et devez poser une question sur ce seul element . """" toutes ces remarques s ' accordent pour attribuer a la construction qui nous interesse un sens emphatique utilise pour obtenir une clarification . elle semble aussi s ' accompagner d ' une accentuation de l ' element interrogatif . il est donc interessant de remarquer que la valeur emphatique est commune aux constructions anglaise et fran aise . 3 . parmi les 54 reponses , 11 tentaient d ' expliquer partiellement ou completement la variation de l ' acceptabilite de la construction en fonction de la nature de l ' adverbe interrogatif : """" where is it that you arej ? et how is it that you do thisj ? sont pour moi les constructions les plus maladroites et les moins frequentes . """" """" where is it that you arej ? est maladroit ; je repeterais probablement la question where are youj ? en accentuant plus le where . """" """" je ne pense pas que le that dans why is it that soit le meme que dans les constructions avec les adverbes interrogatifs . """" """" why is it et how is it sont toujours idiomatiques , meme s ' ils sont plutot formels . when is it est idiomatique , mais para t assez pauvre . les autres enonces identifieraient a coup sur le locuteur comme etant etranger . """" """" toutes ces constructions sont possibles , excepte celle avec how . """" """" pour what , who , when et where , je peux employer is it seulement avec le present ; avec le passe je dirais was it . pour how c ' est different parce que how is it est une forme idiomatique signifiant pourquoi pour moi . donc how is it that you did thisj ? convient si cela signifie pourquoi as-tu fait celaj ? . si je veux vraiment savoir comment , alors le temps doit correspondre comme avec les autres adverbes interrogatifs . """" """" les constructions avec what , who et when sont acceptables , mais celles avec how et where ne semblent pas tres naturelles . """" """" toutes les constructions me conviennent ( sauf peut-etre la derniere avec where , qui me para t bizarre ) . """" """" je pense qu ' il ne serait pas approprie d ' employer is it that dans aucune des situations mentionnees , excepte why is it that . . """" """" j ' utiliserais cette construction avec when seulement s ' il etait suivi de was it ; je ne l ' emploierais pas avec how et where . """" """" tous les exemples cites sont acceptables mais , mise a part la question avec why ( et peut-etre celle avec how ) , ils ne semblent pas aussi generaux que la question ordinaire [ unmarked ] . """" pour des raisons qui leur sont probablement propres , why , how et where se distinguent des autres adverbes . how is it peut s ' interpreter a la fois comme une forme figee qui a le sens de pourquoi ( = how come ) , et comme une construction non figee signifiant comment . . cela explique les differences de perception de cette forme par les locuteurs , qui n ' ont pas toujours pris en compte ses deux sens . why is it a egalement un comportement de forme figee , mais qui garde le sens de pourquoi . pourquoi est aussi un adverbe qui se demarque des autres en fran ais , car la question qu ' il pose porte sur l ' ensemble de la phrase ( pourquoi tu t ' en vasj ? mais * tu t ' en vas pourquoij ? ) . nous expliquons moins facilement la specificite de where qui a ete relevee a 5 reprises . 4 . le dernier facteur d ' acceptabilite egalement souvent cite ( huit fois ) par les natifs est le temps du verbe etre place avant it that . : """" toutes ces phrases s ' emploient couramment en anglais . a noter qu ' on peut aussi bien utiliser ce genre de structure au passe : where was it that you ran into him yesterdayj ? """" """" nous formons souvent des enonces come ceux que vous citez , par exemple : who was it who split ink on your book ? why was it that he was late ? who did we say was coming at 8 o ' clock ? etc . """" """" pour what , who , when et where , je peux employer is it seulement avec le present ; avec le passe je dirais was it . [ pour ] how is it that you did thisj ? , et si je veux vraiment savoir comment , alors le temps doit correspondre comme avec les autres adverbes interrogatifs . """" """" toutes les phrases me conviennent , meme si dans plusieurs cas j ' ai pense qu ' il y avait une meilleure alternative : what is it that you said / are saying ? ) aussi : what was it that you said ? who is it that you met / are meeting ? ) aussi : who was it that you met ? when is it that you met / are meeting her ? ) avec """" met """" , """" when was it that you met """" est meilleur . how is it that you did / do this ? ) aussi : how was it that you did that ? where is it that you were / are ? ) avec """" were """" , """" where was it that you were """" est meilleur . """" """" toutes les phrases sont bonnes . elles seraient un peu meilleures si les temps des verbes s ' accordaient . """" """" les questions conviennent toutes , tant que le temps employe est correct . """" """" quand l ' anglais emploie l ' expression is it that , les temps des verbes doivent correspondre dans la plupart des cas . """" """" toutes les phrases sont parfaitement correctes , sauf que normalement j ' accorderais le temps du premier verbe a celui du second lorsque deuxieme la portion de la phrase est au passe . par exemple : who was it that you met ? ( but ) who is it that you are meeting ? when was it that you met her ? ( but ) when is it that you are meeting her ? . """" nous pouvons sur ce point differencier les constructions ' is it that ' et ' est-ce que ' , la construction de l ' anglais etant beaucoup moins figee que celle du fran ais . en effet , le fran ais n ' accorderait pas les temps des deux verbes .
 "",0
 1293,""Subject: summary : linguistics in science fiction
  
  awhile back i posted a query asking for titles of science fiction books / stories in which linguistics ( of a reasonable sort ) played a large part . this turns out to be something of a faq . herewith a highly edited summary of the responses . some respondents gave a synopsis of the plot , which i attach in highly edited form , lest this get even longer than it already is . but first , thanks to the judges , namely : afn11122 @ freenet . ufl . edu , steve blackwelder ( sblackwelder @ firstbyte . ccmail . compuserve . com ) , anthea fraser ( ellgupta @ leonis . nus . sg ) , another anthea ( anfallen @ ursula . uoregon . edu ) , ines shaw ( ishaw @ badlands . nodak . edu ) , mark hansell ( mhansell @ carleton . edu ) , larry horn ( lhorn @ yalevm . cis . yale . edu ) , susan fischer ( sdfncr @ rit . edu ) , deborah d . kela ruuskanen ( druuskan @ cc . helsinki . fi ) , jacqueline anderson ( anderson @ smtp . munet . edu ) , anton ( dasher @ netcom . com ) , herbert stahlke ( 00hfstahlke @ bsu . edu or hstahlke @ bsu . edu ) , dorine houston ( v2188g % templevm . bitnet @ pucc . princeton . edu ) , peter christian ( peter @ gold . ac . uk ) , john anderson ( janderso @ epas . utoronto . ca or madhatter @ intacc . web . net ) , marty laforest ( marty . laforest @ ciral . ulaval . ca ) , mark a . mandel ( mark @ dragonsys . com ) , and larry trask ( larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk ) . in addition , the editors of linguist list provided me with the text of previous queries on this subject , and at the end there 's a faq from science . lang . i won't try to credit the authors cited in the latter two sources , or i 'd never get this off . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - and now the envelope . . . ( author 's name first , then titles with occasional comments , which should be apparent ) : suzette haden elgin . native tongue trilogy , including : the native tongue ( wherein language and linguistics are prominent issues in a future society ; laadan is a language in development ) . clans of linguists have become crucial because of their mediation with non-humans . raises issues about innateness , the bioprogram , language learning , relationship between body stucture and language , as well as feminist issues ) , and judas rose . derek bickerton . king of the sea . ( not exactly science fiction . but deals with human-dolphin communication . best explanation of bickerton 's bioprogram available with a valuable dicussion also of the problems of having a meaningful relationship with a dolphin . ) . arnason . a woman of the iron people . vonarburg . in the motherland . robert sheckley . shall we have a little talk ? ( for the evil earth capitalist empire to take over a planet , they have to buy some land on the planet . a representative goes to some planet to start negotiating for a land purchase and finds that every day the language has changed , not only in vocabulary but in grammar . at one point , he exclaims """" stop agglutinating ! """" the inhabitants of the planet are using accelerated language change as a defense mechanism , and at the end of the story , they are communicating in identical monosyllables ) . david carkeet . double negative ( one respondent called this """" a murder mystery in which a linguist uses his knowledge of child language acquisition to solve the murder """" ; another said it involved the human / animal boundary ) . samuel delany . babel 17 , triton ( latter takes on the arbitrariness of the relationship between form and meaning and builds a whole society around it , starting with , of course , an artificially engineered environment on a moon ( of saturn ? ) ) ; neveryon series ( second-hand report says it incorporates a good deal of linguistics ) . ian watson . the embedding . ( universal grammar , generative syntax . ) goulet . oh 's profit ( the main character is a signing gorilla named oh , and there 's a chomsky sound-alike baddie called sandground ) . pamela sargent . after long silence ( actually it has to do with communication more by music than by langauge , but communication with alien intelligences at any rate ) c . j . cherryh ( writes about contact between humans and aliens , and between different aliens : the chanur series ( best read in sequence ) : pride of chanur , chanur 's venture , the kif strike back , chanur 's homecoming , chanur 's legacy ( i think that 's the title - - it 's the funniest book but you can't appreciate it until you ' ve read the others ) ; others by cherryh ( not series ) : cuckoo 's egg ( less ling . than chanur ) , foreigner ( the hero is a guy who wrote his dissertation on plural forms in a non-human language , and it 's quite a good meditation on whether it would be possible to really understand a non-human intelligence - - in the form of a whodunit / spy / action novel ) . c . s . lewis ' space trilogy = out of the silent planet , perelandra , and that hideous strength ( the main character in two - - a minor character in the third - - is a 1930 's philologist , elwin ransom ) . card . ender 's game / xenocide / speaker for the dead series . john berryman . """" something to say """" in _ analog _ ( 1966-67 ) james p hogan . inherit the stars . janet kagan . hellspark , uhura 's song . h beam piper . """" omnilingual """" . ( i ' m not sure if the quotes here indicate this is a short story , rather than a novel . ) neal stephenson . snow crash . jack vance . languages of pao . ( comparative linguistics , sapir - whorf hypothesis ( weak form ) , semantics . ) walter jon williams . """" surfacing """" . roger zelazny . """" a rose for ecclesiastes """" ( ? ) russel hoban . riddley walker ( the whole thing is in the narrator 's own dialect , which is a future form of english . ) burgess , anthony . a clockwork orange ( futuristic version of anglicized russian ) . frank herbert . dune ( carefully worked out historical derivations of arabic religious language set thousands of years in the future ) . delany , samuel r . stars in my pocket like grains of sand . ( language change , alien languages ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [ the ff . are several works about sf and linguistics , rather than sf works themselves ] delany , samuel r . the jewel - hinged jaw : notes on the language of science fiction ( essays about how sentences work in sf as distinct from other kinds of writing ) . delany , samuel r . starboard wine : more notes on the language of science fiction . meyers , walter e . aliens and linguists : language study and science fiction . athens , ga : university of georgia press , 1980 . ( a scholarly work analyzing the linguistics in sf . . . how plausable it is , frequent errors that sf authors make when talking about linguistics , and examples of good linguistics . ) barnes , myra edwards . linguistics and languages in science fiction - fantasy . new york : arno press , 1975 . geoff pullum 's essay ` some lists of things about books ' in nllt 6 : 2 ( 1988 ) , pp . 283-290 , and reprinted in geoff 's book _ the great eskimo vocabulary hoax _ , 1991 , chicago : university of chicago press , pp . 190-200 . ( list of six sf novels featuring linguistics ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [ the following works were n't classified so much as being about linguistics , as that they made some use of linguistics , typically by using an invented language . ] brin , david . sundiver . ( language change , animal language , dolphins ) clarke , arthur c . rendezvous with rama . ( animal language , apes ) heinlein , robert a . red planet ( alien language : phonetics , semantics ) ; stranger in a strange land ( alien language : phonetics , semantics , shading into mysticism ) ; the moon is a harsh mistress ( future dialects of english ) hoban , russell . ridley walker . ( language change ) . le guin , ursula . always coming home ( invented language : semantics , grammar , etc . ) ; the left hand of darkness ( invented language : semantics ) . orwell , george . 1984 ( invented language : semantics , sociolinguistics , language and thought ) . tolkein , j . r . r . the lord of the rings ( invented languages , historical change , writing systems ) . womack , jack . terraplane ( language change , dialect differences ) . zelazny , roger . eye of cat ( alien language ) . [ short stories : ] carr , terry . """" the dance of the changer and the three """" in the best of terry carr . haldeman , joe . """" a tangled web """" in dealing in futures ( humorous alien language ) . haldeman , joe . """" anniversary project , """" in infinite dreams ( the evolution of human language ) . heinlein , robert a . """" gulf , """" in 6 x h ( superior language ; the limits of language ) . murphy , pat . """" rachel in love """" in points of departure ( animal language - - chimps ) . robinson , kim stanley . """" the translator """" in universe 1 ( edited by robert silverberg and karen haber ) ( a fresh look at the automatic translator ) . sallis , james . """" the attitude of the earth towards other bodies , """" in full spectrum 2 ( edited by lou aronica , et . al ) ( universal grammar ) . williams , walter jon . """" surfacing """" in facets ( alien grammar / semantics ) . poul anderson 's """" delenda est """" in """" worlds of maybe """" ( 1960s ; incorporated as a chapter in a recent anderson book ; someone undid the second punic war and carthage became a major power in europe . anderson creates at least two languages that might have been - a celtic language with semitic loanwords that would be used in north america , and a germanic language spoken by tribes that took over the italy that had a power vacuum . ) hal clement . ocean on top . poul anderson . """" a tragedy of errors """" in _ the long night _ , from tor . ( a planet that has new meaning for words like friend , slave , and business . ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - finally , the following is copied from sci . lang faq ( frequently asked questions ) . while the topic is broader ( not just * science * fiction ) , i would likely err if i tried to edit out stories that are n't science fiction . there is some duplication with the list above , that i also have n't tried to edit out . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - what are some stories and novels that involve linguistics ? [ - - markrose ] the following list is by no means exhaustive . it 's based on james myers ' list of books , which was compiled the the last time the subject came up on sci . lang . additions and corrections are welcome ; please suggest the approximate category and give the publication date , if possible . aliens and linguists : language study and science fiction , by walter meyers ( 1980 ) contains a general discussion and lists more works . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - alien languages """" tlon , uqbar , tertius orbis """" in ficciones - jorge luis borges ( 1956 ) 40000 in gehenna - c . j . cherryh babel-17 - samuel r . delany ( 1966 ) flight of the dragonfly - robert l . forward ( 1984 ) the haunted stars - edmond hamilton inherit the stars - james p . hogan """" omnilingual """" , in federation - h . beam piper contact - carl sagan ( 1985 ) psychaos - e . p . thompson """" a martian odyssey """" in sf hall of fame - stanley weinbaum ( 1934 ) """" a rose for ecclesiastes """" in sf hall of fame - roger zelazny ( 1963 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - futuristic varieties of english a clockwork orange - anthony burgess ( 1962 ) hellflower - eluki bes shahar the inheritors - william golding ( 1955 ) the moon is a harsh mistress - robert heinlein ( 1966 ) riddley walker - russel hoban ( 1980 ) 1984 - george orwell ( 1948 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - other invented languages native tongue - suzette haden elgin ( 1984 ) the gameplayers of zan - m a foster """" gulf """" in assignment in eternity - robert a . heinlein ( 1949 ) dune - frank herbert ( 1965 ) the klingon dictionary - marc okrand ( 1985 ) the void-captain ' s tale - norman spinrad the lord of the rings - j r r tolkien ( 1954-55 ) the memorandum - vaclav havel ( 1966 ) the languages of pao - jack vance ( 1957 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - linguist heroes double negative - david carkeet the full catastrophe - david carkeet pygmalion - george bernard shaw ( 1912 ) the poison oracle - peter dickinson ( 1974 ) hands on - andrew rosenheim ( 1992 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - animal language watership down - richard adams tarzan of the apes - edgar rice burroughs ( 1912 ) congo - michael crichton - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - use of linguistic theory snow crash - neal stephenson ( 1992 ) gulliver ' s travels - jonathan swift ( 1726 ) the embedding - ian watson ( 1973 ) ozark trilogy - suzette haden elgin yonder comes the other end of time - suzette haden elgin - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - other the troika incident - james cooke brown ( 1969 ) [ loglan ] love me tomorrow - robert rimmer ( 1976 ) [ loglan ] etxemendi - florence delay [ chomsky ref ] so you want to be a wizard - diane duane tongues of the moon - philip jose farmer the dispossessed - ursula leguin ( 1974 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if i do n't get much linguistics done in the next while , you ' ll know why . enjoy !
 "",0
 1294,""Subject: summary : expletive negation in modern hebrew
  
  on february 27 , i posted a querry on expletive negation in modern hebrew . i want to thank ariel cohen ( ariel _ cohen @ riga . mt . cs . cmu . edu ) , michael ephratt ( rhlh702 @ uvm . haifa . ac . il ) , bob fradkin ( raf100f @ oduvm . cc . odu . edu ) , laurence horn ( lhorn @ yalevm . cis . yale . edu ) , paul rowlett ( p . a . rowlett @ mod - lang . salford . ac . uk ) and lucia tovena ( tovena @ latl . unige . ch ) for their comments . my querry originated from michael moore 's comment to the effect that in modern hebrew , the sentence negation of subordinate clauses dominated by before , until and i ' m afraid can be interpreted referentially or expletively . according to ariel cohen , only until contexts allow an expletive negation . bob fradkin mentionned that expletive negation in mh seemed less frequent than in french . while it seems that expletive negation in mh has a narrower domain of use than in french , there might also be a question of style involved here ; while expletive negation is an aknowledged grammatical feature of formal style in french , it might be a non-standard feature of mh . this is suggested to me by the fact that neither glinert 1989 suggested by michael ephratt nor rosen 1977 even mention expletive negation in mh . lucia tovena pointed me to her 1994 paper in geneva generative papers about italian , hungarian and hindi expletive negation in until contexts . for a typological overview of expletive negation , one can consult horn 1978 , which shows the typological extension of the phenomenon . now , i ' m still left with a few unanswered questions . i ' m surprised that there apparently does n't exist any study on the topic in mh . i wonder whether i should be looking in the direction of ancient hebrew . a question of more general interest is how to deal with divergent distributions of a phenomenon across languages ; in other words , how should the fact that expletive negation exists in comparative and fearing contexts in a large number of languages but not in mh ? ? could matters of style , as suggested above , explain this ? ? thanks for those who responded and for those who will . - glinert , l . , 1989 , the grammar of modern hebrew , cambridge up . - horn , l . , 1978 , some aspects of negation , j . greenberg , universals of human language , vol . 4 , standford up , 127-210 . - moore , m . , 1992 , double negation , et cetera , 304-309 . - rosen , 1977 , contemporary hebrew . pierre larrivee departement de langues et linguistique , universite laval , quebec , canada , g1k 7p4 3914larp @ vm1 . ulaval . ca
 "",0
 1295,""Subject: gurt 1995 ( long posting )
  
  georgetown university round table on languages and linguistics 1995 pre - sessions and conference : march 6-11 , 1995 """" linguistics and the education of second language teachers : ethnolinguistic , psycholinguistic , and sociolinguistic aspects """" main conference opening session : wednesday , march 8 , 1995 , 7 : 30 p . m . , georgetown campus , gaston hall ( registration required ) opening remarks : james e . alatis , dean emeritus , school of languages and linguistics chair , georgetown university round table 1995 dedication of conference to charles a . ferguson acceptance by shirley brice heath honored guest : eugene garcia , director , obemla , u . s . department of education speaker : steve krashen , university of southern california the cause - effect confusion and the time issue in education opening reception to follow in icc galleria admission to all sessions by badge only ; registration materials and badges will not be mailed but may be picked up at registration center in intercultural center ( icc ) , exact location to be posted ; registration materials for march 8 evening session available in gaston hall foyer from 6 : 30 p . m . all pre-sessions on march 6 , 7 , and 8 and main sessions on march 9 , 10 , and 11 will be held in intercultural center ( rooms to be posted ) . detailed program with abstracts included in registration packets . thursday , march 9 , 1995 intercultural center plenary speakers : kathleen bailey , monterey institute of international studies what teachers say about teaching bessie dendrinos , university of athens , greece foreign language textbook discourse and pedagogization of the learner invited speakers : david r . andrews , georgetown university standard versus non-standard : the intersection of sociolinguistics and language teaching elsaid badawi , american university in cairo the use of arabic in egyptian t . v . commercials : a language simulator for the training of teachers of arabic as a foreign language kenneth chastain , university of virginia knowledge , language , and communication virginia p . collier , george mason university language acquisition for school : academic , cognitive , sociocultural , and linguistic processes joann crandall , university of maryland baltimore county reinventing schools : the role of the applied linguist nadine o'connor di vito , university of chicago using native speech to formulate past tense rules in french adam jaworski , university of wales , college of cardiff language awareness in applied linguistics students : evidence from linguistic and cultural heritage essays donna lardiere , georgetown university an update on transfer and transferability donald j . loritz , georgetown university unlearning learnability yuling pan , georgetown university addressee , setting , and verbal behavior : how relevant are they in foreign language teaching ? guy spielmann , georgetown university multidisciplinary integrated language education ( mile ) and second / foreign language teaching g . richard tucker , carnegie mellon university developing a research component within a teacher education program andrea tyler , georgetown university patterns of lexis : how much can repetition tell us about discourse coherence ? bill vanpatten , university of illinois , urbana - champaign is psycholinguistics relevant to language teaching ? shelley wong , university of maryland , college park curriculum transformation : a psycholinguistic course for prospective teachers of esol k 12 elizabeth zsiga , georgetown university phonology and phonetics in the education of second language teachers : the representation of some variable rules of english friday , march 10 , 1995 intercultural center plenary speakers : leslie m . beebe , teachers college , columbia university polite fictions : instrumental rudeness as pragmatic competence joan morley , university of michigan maximizing learning invited speakers : vincent j . cangiano , el houcine haichour , stephanie j . stauffer , georgetown university taming the electronic lion , or how to shape a language learning environment out of the chaos called the internet jeff connor - linton , georgetown university late night thoughts on complexity , linguistics , and language teaching barbara a . craig , georgetown university boundary discourse and the authority of knowledge in the second language classroom madeline e . ehrman , u . s . department of state , fsi personality , language learning aptitude , and program structure aviva freedman , carleton university , ottawa """" situating """" learning to write for the l2 teacher william c . hannas , georgetown university teaching chinese teachers what constitutes """" chinese """" susan huss - lederman , georgetown university """" wait wait wait wait ! """" a sociolinguistic analysis of repetition in the speech of adult beginning esl learners using instructional software kurt r . jankowsky , georgetown university on the need to unlearn in the foreign language learning process ronald p . leow , georgetown university teacher education and psycholinguistics : making teachers psycholinguists steven j . loughrin - sacco , boise state university research internships : involving undergraduate foreign language secondary education majors in ethnographic research anne pakir , national university of singapore beginning at the end : """" bilingual education for all """" in singapore and teacher perception sophia c . papaefthymiou - lytra , university of athens , greece culture and the teaching of foreign languages : a case study teresa pica , university of pennsylvania teaching language and teaching language learners : the expanding role and expectations of language teachers in communicative content-based classrooms peter schmitter , martin - luther - universit t halle - wittenberg , germany structural or cognitive semantics as a topic in the linguistic education of second language teachers ? charles w . stansfield , second language testing , inc . considerations in the writing of sopi prompts monique y . wong , hellenic american union , greece using simulation to develop negotiation strategies in a foreign language saturday , march 11 , 1995 intercultural center plenary speakers : marianne celce - murcia , university of california , los angeles the elaboration of sociolinguistic competence : implications for teacher education diane larsen - freeman , school for international training on the changing role of linguistics in the education of second language teachers : past , present , and future invited speakers : catherine n . ball , georgetown university providing comprehensible input in a dead foreign language : two text-based strategies isolda e . carranza , georgetown university multi - level analysis of two-way bilingual classroom discourse anna uhl chamot , georgetown university learning strategies of elementary foreign language immersion students mary el - kadi , old dominion university discourse analysis of classroom interaction and the training of esl teachers elaine k . horwitz , university of texas at austin foreign language anxiety and foreign language teachers : what can teacher educators do ? christina kakava , mary washington college directness and indirectness in professor student interaction : the intersection of contextual and cultural constraints david nunan , university of hong kong systemic - functional linguistics and the education of second language teachers : a case study linju ogasawara , japanese ministry of education ( ret . ) native cultural interference in japanese english usage john j . staczek , georgetown university metalinguistic talk in mature l2 adult-learner classroom discourse stephanie j . stauffer , georgetown university reap what you sow : in - service training for language teachers for computer-mediated communication steven sternfeld , university of utah from hirsch 's dystopia to hakuta 's utopia : a call for multilingual alliance weiping wu , center for applied linguistics education of second language teachers : the link between linguistic theory and teaching practice dolly j . young , university of tennessee language anxiety in sl acquisition : using a wider angle of focus raffaella zanuttini , georgetown university dialectal variation as an insight into the structure of language gen - yuan zhuang , hangzhou university , prc what they hear is not what they read : speech perception and the training of english teachers in china * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * other georgetown conferences : * georgetown linguistics society , gls 1995 , developments in discourse analysis , february 17-19 , 1995 . plenary speakers : frederick erickson , charles goodwin , heidi hamilton , deborah schiffrin , roger shuy , and deborah tannen . contact : gls 1995 , g . u . dept . of linguistics , icc 479 , washington , dc 20057-1068 ; gls @ guvax . georgetown . edu ; gls @ guvax . bitnet ; tel : 202 / 687-6166 . * international linguistics association , ila , discourse and text analysis , march 10-12 , 1995 . contact : ruth brend , 3363 burbank dr . , ann arbor , mi 48105 ; ruth . brend @ um . cc . umich . edu ; tel : 313 / 665-2787 ; fax : ( 313 ) 665-9743 ; email : ruth . brend @ um . cc . umich . edu * 9th annual symposium on arabic linguistics , march 10-12 , 1995 . contact g . u . arabic department , icc 463 , washington , dc 20057-1082 ; solernoe @ guvax . georgetown . edu ; tel : 202 / 687 - 5743 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * pre-conference sessions : march 6 - 8 , 1995 the pre-conference sessions will be held in the intercultural center of georgetown university . please contact the individual organizers for more information on the content of the sessions only . to register , see registration form or contact gurt coordinator . monday , march 6 , 1995 spanish linguistics i organizers : dr . hector campos , mr . eric holt , and ms . norma catalan g . u . department of spanish washington , dc 20057-0989 ( 202 ) 687-6134 hcampos @ guvax . georgetown . edu issues in slavic linguistics organizer : dr . david r . andrews g . u . department of russian washington , dc 20057-0990 ( 202 ) 687-6108 / 6147 andrewsd @ guvax . georgetown . edu african linguistics vi organizer : rev . solomon sara , s . j . , ph . d . g . u . department of linguistics washington , dc 20057-1068 ( 202 ) 687-5956 ssara @ guvax . georgetown . edu discourse and agency : responsibility and deception organizer : dr . patricia e . o'connor g . u . department of english washington , dc 20057-1048 ( 202 ) 687-7622 ; fax : 687-5445 oconnorpe @ guvax . georgetown . edu tuesday , march 7 , 1995 spanish linguistics ii organizers : dr . hector campos , mr . eric holt , and ms . norma catalan g . u . department of spanish washington , dc 20057-0989 ( 202 ) 687-6134 hcampos @ guvax . georgetown . edu teaching and learning spoken arabic organizer : dr . margaret nydell g . u . department of arabic washington , dc 20057-1082 ( 202 ) 687-5743 history of linguistics organizer : dr . kurt r . jankowsky g . u . department of german washington , dc 20057-0994 ( 202 ) 687-5812 innovative audio and looking at multimedia ( two sessions ) organizer : jackie m . tanner , director g . u . language learning technology washington , dc 20057-0987 ( 202 ) 687-5766 jtanner @ guvax . georgetown . edu issues in foreign language program direction i organizer : dr . ronald p . leow g . u . spanish dept . washington , dc 20057-0909 ( 202 ) 687-6134 rleow @ guvax . georgetown . edu wednesday , march 8 , 1995 computer - mediated discourse analysis organizer : dr . susan herring program in linguistics university of texas arlington , tx 76019 ( 817 ) 273-3133 susan @ utafll . uta . edu celebration of bilingual immersion programs organizer : prof . dorothy b . goodman friends of international education p . o . box 4800 washington , dc 20008 ( 202 ) 363-8510 issues in foreign language program direction ii organizer : dr . ronald p . leow g . u . department of spanish washington , dc 20057-0989 ( 202 ) 687-6134 rleow @ guvax . georgetown . edu * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tutorials ( for connor - linton and spielmann tutorials , maximum of 20 participants ; no participant limit for krashen workshop ) : monday , march 6 """" criterion - referenced curriculum and test development for language teachers and administrators """" presenter : dr . jeff connor - linton , g . u . dept of linguistics , ( 202 ) 687-5956 tuesday , march 7 """" language acquisition and language education : a review of research and theory and current issues """" presenter : dr . steve krashen , school of education , university of southern california , los angeles , ca 90089-0031 wednesday , march 8 authentic documents in the language class : theoretical perspectives and didactic applications presenter : dr . guy spielmann , g . u . department of french , ( 202 ) 687-5717 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * for registration , hotel and other information , please contact carolyn a . straehle , coordinator * gurt 1995 * georgetown university school of languages and linguistics * 303 intercultural center * washington , dc 20057-1067 * e-mail : gurt @ guvax . bitnet or gurt @ guvax . georgetown . edu * voice : 202 / 687-5726 * fax : 202 / 687-5712 * * * * * * * to obtain gurt ' 95 information from the world wide web , use the following address : url : http : / / www . georgetown . edu / conferences / gurt95 / gurt95 . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * for inexpensive student accommodations , contact : washington student center at the washington international ayh - hostel 1009 11th street , nw washington , dc 20001 tel : ( 202 ) 737-2333 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",0
 1296,""Subject: the lanuage wayana
  
  i am in very interested in getting hold of any dictionaries , lexicons , or any other material on the wayana language . i am not sure what language family wayana belongs to , but it is spoken among the amerindians in french guiana , suriname , and northeastern brazil . if anyone has any info . that would help me respond to : ebs3b @ virginia . edu . thank you in advance . erik seversen .
 "",0
 1297,""Subject: materials to learn luganda
  
  i ' m inquiring for a somewhat linguistically savvy undergraduate who will be spending this june - november in kampala : what is there available in the way of books , a / v materials , courses , whatever for learning luganda ? thanks . george huttar huttar @ sil . org
 "",0
 1298,""Subject: queries
  
  in a reference i can no longer identify , i recall coming across an assertion that the accent with which east indians speak english arose as a result of the teachers of english in india during the major period of british colonialism there were from wales . as a result , indians were originally taught english with a welsh accent , a happenstance of linguistic accidnet perpetuated through succeeding generations . is ther any truth to this ? does anyone out there know the origins of this ? further - - are there any studies on characteristics of national accents in foreign tongues ( eg . is there a relationship between the characteristic accent with which italians speak english and , say , the way in which they might speak russian ; or the english person 's accent in speaking spanish or in speaking french , for instance ) . finally - - a medico-linguistic query . in older medical text - books which listening to the chest with a stethoscope , the physician is instructed to tell the patient to enunciate """" ninety-nine . """" this actually makes very little sense . the origin apparently is from an early translation from the german in which the german term-equivalent used in the original text for what was translated as """" ninety-nine """" does involve strong expirations and so is a useful tool in examination . again - - does anyone out there have any info on this ? to complicate things further - - i am a biologist and not a linguist and am not on this list ! so i would greatly apprciate it you could communicate with me directly : shodell @ aurora . liunet . edu very many thanks for reading this far and for any help you might be able to offer - - mike shodell
 "",0
 1299,""Subject: the ipa market
  
  """" alexis mr """" urges that phonetic alphabets be standardized , and writes , """" why not let the invisible hand of the """" market """" of ideas operate freely ? """" but the market * is * operating . that 's exactly why we have several different systems , any that 's why people feel free to modify those systems as they please . i do not see how the market would demand i asked in an earlier egram ( vol-6 - 199 ) why it would benefit me , as an active fieldworker , to have a completely revamped phonetic alphabet . i am still waiting for a plausible answer . i am happy with ipa most of the time , and when i ' m not i innovate as necessary . a complete overhaul would be wrenching for me and probably leave me feeling extremely alientated . more likely , i would just go on using the ipa and chinese ipa symbols i already use , and the dubious goal of a new , unified standard phonetic system would fail . i think the real reason some people want to overhaul ipa is to alter its aesthetics - to make it neater , more symmetrical somehow . i do not see any practical value in this . nor do i see any need to have a single , unified system , replacing both ipa and american consensual practice . everybody recognizes esh , and everybody recognizes s-hachek , and if a letter _ y _ appears in a transcription you look carefully at the introduction and find out what it represents , that 's all . where is the problem ? please , someone tell me , where is the problem ? david prager branner , yuen ren society asian l&l , do-21 , university of washington seattle , wa 98195 ( charmii @ u . washington . edu )
 "",0
 1300,""Subject: re : 6 . 389 sum : history of capitalisation in english
  
  i believe that at one time all nouns were capped in english as they still are in german . you may find something of interest in my paper on the capping of ethnic names in the just published centennial usage studies , pads . as i recall , nunberg tries to map out a descriptive theory of punctuation and says little if anything about caps ( almost no one says anything about them but there are a few works reference in th bibliography to my article . bob wachal
 "",0
 1301,""Subject: re : 6 . 389 sum : history of capitalisation in english
  
  just a quick one before everyone else gets in . two germanic languages , at least , dutch and standard german , use a captalised pronoun form for the polite second - person use : ' u ' in dutch , ' sie ' in german . i guess the explanation for this is respect , just as pronominal references to the deity are capitalised by many . in modern netherlands dutch , this is disappearing , and ' u ' is used , whereas in belgian dutch ( flemish ) , i have the impression it 's retained much more ( as is the use of ' u ' itself - in netherlands dutch , i believe that ' u ' is beginning to be restricted to formal , rather than merely polite , usage , whereas in belgium , people use ' u ' with each other for much longer - i even heard my children calling their friends , aged around 10 , ' u ' , and they ' re not notably polite ) . the explanation for capitalised ' i ' in english can't be respect - i suspect it 's merely typographical , having to do with the fact that lower-case ' i ' is so small . paul werth
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 1302,""Subject: affricates - - one segment or two
  
  the recent query and summary by larry trask on german affricates makes me think of the fact that , unless i am mistaken , it is perfectly easy to hear the difference between one - and two-segment stop-fricative sequences at least in some cases . polish has a contrast of this sort at least in initial position , where the words spelled _ trzy _ and _ czy _ differ only in that the former has a cluster , the second an affricate . also , if you compare the english way of saying _ ts _ with the german way of saying _ z _ ( or the polish or the yiddish , etc . ) , there is an audible difference . most english speakers ' rendition of _ matzah _ ( or _ matzoh _ ) for example sounds quite different from the yiddish or polish , but ( and this is also very suggestive ) i have found a few am . engl . speakers ( not all of them jewish , by the way ) who have the affricate , i . e . , one-segment / ts / in this and perhaps some other yiddish borrowings but the two segment / t / + / s / otherwise , so that these speakers do not rhyme _ matzah _ and _ lots o ( f ) _ , whereas most speakers do . finally , i think some speakers have a one-segment / ts / in hit ya , but a two-segment / t / + / s / in hits ya , although most speakers i have asked refuse to admit anything but the nonpalatalized , non-affricated pronunciation in the second case . alexis mr
 "",0
 1303,""Subject: turn measurement
  
  dear linguists this is a desperate plea for information regarding software which enables one to time turn-taking in natural conversation . i have followed up a number of references to such devices in the literature but to no avail ! what i need is something which will time ( more accurately than me plus stopwatch ) turns , silence between turns , and , if possible , overlaps . anyone who knows of something which could be persuaded to do this for me , please let me know as this is becoming rather urgent . sally hunt linguistics department rhodes university grahamstown 6140 south africa e-mail : lish @ warthog . ru . ac . za phone : + 27 - 461 - 318105 / 6 ( w ) fax : + 27 - 461 - 25049
 "",0
 1304,""Subject: query : chinese grammatical markers
  
  i ' m interested in any information regarding the diachronic development of the following grammatical markers in various chinese languages ( apologies for the email-mutilated transcriptions ) : ( 1 ) mandarin : [ de ] ( the """" genitive """" / """" relative """" marker ) ( 2 ) mandarin : [ ge ] ( the general numeral classifier ) ( 3 ) shanghainese : [ ge ] ( the """" genitive """" / """" relative """" marker ) ( 4 ) hokkien : [ e ] ( a ) ( the """" genitive """" / """" relative """" marker ) ( b ) ( the general numeral classifier ) ( 5 ) teochew : [ kai ] ( a ) ( the """" genitive """" / """" relative """" marker ) ( b ) ( the general numeral classifier ) ( 6 ) cantonese : [ ge ] ( the """" genitive """" / """" relative """" marker ) [ go ] ( the general numeral classifier ) [ dik ] ( the ligature ) more specifically : question 1 : which of the above markers are historically / etymologically related to which others , ie . deriving from a diachronically reconstructable common source ? ( eg . are mandarin [ de ] and cantonese [ dik ] diachronically related ? , etc . etc . ) question 2 : ( specific to hokkien and teochew ) most native speakers of hokkien and teochew , who are also speakers of mandarin , are of the opinion that there are two distinct markers exhibiting accidental homophony : a """" genitive """" / """" relative """" [ e ] / [ kai ] corresponding to mandarin [ de ] , and a """" classifier """" [ e ] / [ kai ] corresponding to mandarin [ ge ] . question 2a : is it demonstrably the case that [ e ] and [ kai ] are the respective products of diachronic coalescence of distinct forms at some earlier stage of the language ? question 2b : are there any valid synchronic arguments for positing two distinct lexical items , ie . two [ e ] 's in hokkien , and two [ kai ] 's in teochew ? ( i consider the choice of characters conventionally used to represent these markers as irrelevant . ) note : i am a general linguist , not a sinologist , and i do n't read or speak chinese . i would greatly appreciate either your own views on the above questions , or references to published works addressing these questions . however , if the references happen to be in chinese , i would be extremely grateful if you could provide a synopsis of their contents . thanks , david gil national university of singapore ellgild @ nusvm . bitnet
 "",0
 1305,""Subject: inquiry re : slang and rock music
  
  i am working on a project where i need to explore the relationship between rock & roll music and current slang . any suggestions on previous studies or books or any contributions would be greatly appreciated . i will post a summary and e - mail directly to anyone who requests a follow up . thank you carolyn chriss caroza @ aol . com
 "",0
 1306,""Subject: sum : uptalk
  
  recently i asked for information on uptalk or high rising terminal . i received many responses from people and a number of useful references . i want to thank the following people for their help : cynthia mclemore janet holmes gregory ward marc picards david britain carolyn buck - gengler laura a . michaelis julia hirschberg and elizabeth whalley i received the following references : allan , scott 1990 . the rise of new zealand intonation . in allan bell & janet holmes ( eds . ) new zealand ways of speaking english . clevedon , avon : multilingual matters . 115-128 . britain , david 1992 . linguistic change in intonation : the use of high rising terminals in new zealand english . language variation & change . vol . 4 , 1 : 77-104 . britain , d & john newman 1992 . high rising terminals in new zealand english . in journal of international phonetic association vol . 22 : 1 / 2 : 1-11 . mclemore , cynthia 1991 . the interpretation of l * h in english . texas linguistic forum 32 : discourse : 175-96 . mclemore , c . 1992 . prosodic variation across discourse types . ircs work - shop on prosody in natural speech . 117 - 128 . hirschberg , j & ward , g . the interpretation of the high-rise question contour in english . soon to appear in the journal of pragmatics . in addition , i received suggestions and support from many people for which i am thankful . sincerely , laurel balyeat
 "",0
 1307,""Subject: 
  
  phonology & phonetics generative french phonology : retrospective and perspectives chantal lyche , editor p . 287 , middlesex : afls / esri the book presents a number of the papers read at the international phonology workshop held in aix - en - provence , sept . 93 . the aim of the workshop was to survey the field of french phonology 25 years after the publication of s . schane 's ' french phonology and morphology ' . the book includes 13 papers illustrating several non-linear frameworks and it covers a wide range of topics from the syllable to sociolinguistics studies . the book can be ordered from : european studies and research institute department of modern languages crescent house salford , m5 4wt england germanic langs kristinsson , ari pall ; the pronunciation of modern icelandic ( written in english ) , 67 pp . prize : usd 10 . - ( prepaid , sending cost included ) . cassette ; prize usd 17 . - this is a teaching text on pronunciation , adapted to the needs of foreign speakers . the author concentrates on icelandic spelling and the sounds each letter represents , with special emphasis on those aspects experience has shown to be problematic for foreign speakers . the book contains fifty-six exercises , in which the pronunciation of single words and sentences is illustrated by phonic script , which for simplification purposes has been slightly adapted to spelling . these exercises are also available on cassette , where the words are read out with pauses in between , to give the student time to listen and repeat . svavarsdottir , asta and margriet jonsdottir ; islenska fyrir utlendinga ( icelandic for foreign speakers ) , 236 pp . written in icelandic . prize : usd 24 . - this is a grammar intended for foreign speakers . it is particularly suited for beginners , with whom the authors have a lot of experience . the book is divided into four main parts , each of wich is further divided in to six chapters . the grammar deals with the basic rules of accidence and syntax of modern icelandic . because it has been written with complete beginners in mind , the main emphasis is on the most common and regular grammatical rules . svavarsdottir , asta ; aefingar med enskum glosum og leidriettingarlyklum ( exercices with english glossary and key ) for use with islenska fyrir utlendinga ( icelandic for foreign speakers ) above , 131 pp . prize : usd 16 . - this is a book of exercises intended to reinforce the student 's knowledge of the icelandic rules and syntax as described in islenska fyrir utlendinga . its format follows that of the teaching text , with four main parts , each divided into six chapters , making it very easy to use with islenska fyrir utlendinga . it contains icelandic - english glossary . jonsdottir , margriet ; aefingar ( exercises ) to islenska fyrir utlendinga , 182 pp . prize : usd 21 . - this book contains exercises to reinforce the student 's knowledge of grammatical forms and sentence construction acquired in islenska fyrir utlendinga ( icelandic for foreign speakers ) . the exercises are divided into four parts , with each part further divided into six chapters , like the book , which makes it very easy to use the two books together . the book contains three glossaries , icelandic - french , icelandic - swedish and icelandic - german . these books are available from : institute of linguistics university of iceland arnagardi v / sudurgotu 101 reykjavik iceland and can be ordered through surface mail or through e-mail : malvis @ rhi . hi . is and are prepaid . aphasia eling , paul ( university of nijmegen ) ( ed . ) . reader in the history of aphasia . > from franz gall to norman geschwind john benjamins xvi , 392 pp . aphasia hb : 90 272 1893 5 us $ 110 . 00 / hfl . 200 , - - the study of language and the brain is heavily dependent on work of the early aphasiologists , and those wanting to be acquainted with the discipline will come across frequent references to these classic authors . this collection brings together seminal publications by 19th - and 20th - century neurologists concerned with the relationship between language and the brain . the book includes biographical sketches of the authors discussed , and bibliographies of their relevant publications . texts by : franz joseph gall ( 1758-1828 ) [ claus heeschen ] ; paul broca ( 1824-1915 ) ( paul eling ] ; carl wernicke [ 1848-1905 ] ( antoine keyser ] ; henry charlton bastian ( 1837-1915 ) [ john c . marshall ] ; john hughlings jackson ( 1835-1911 ) [ bento p . m . schulte ] ; sigmund freud ( 1856-1939 ) [ o . r . hommes ) ; jules dejerine ( 1849-1947 ) [ w . o . renierl ; pierre marie ( 1853-1940 ) [ yvan lebrun ] ; amold pick ( 1851 - 1924 ) [ a . d . friederici ] ; henry head ( 1861-1940 ) ( patrick hudson ] ; kurt goldstein ( 1878-1965 ) [ ria de bleser ] ; norman ( geschwind ( 1926-1984 ) [ mary - louise kean ] . discourse abraham , werner , t . givsn and sandra a . thompson ( eds . ) discourse grammar and typology . papers in honor of john w . m . verhaar john benjamins xviii , 346 pp . discourse hb : us : 155619 379 3 / eur : 90 272 3030 7 us $ 98 . 00 / hfl . 175 , - - dedicated to fr . verhaar , this volume presents papers related to discourse analysis and language typology . the papers are arranged in five groups : 1 . transitivity and voice , 2 . clausal modality , 3 . typology and discourse categories , language and culture , 5 . functionality contributions by : werner abraham , john m . clifton , bernard comrie & kaoru horie , bambang purwo kaswanti , robert j . conrad & joshua lukas , bernd heine , paul j . hopper , barbara a . fox , anna wierzbicka , john haiman , charles n . li , and susanna cumming . downing , pamela and michael noonan ( university of wisconsin milwaukee ) ( eds . ) word order in discourse . john benjamins x , 593 pp . discourse hb : us : 1 55619 424 2 / eur : 90 272 2921 x us $ 135 . 00 / hfl . 250 , - - pb : us 1 55619 636 9 / eur : 90 272 2922 8 us $ 37 . 95 / hfl . 75 , - - this volume brings together a collection of 18 papers dealing with the problem of word order variation in discourse . word order variation has often been treated as an essentially unpredictable phenomenon , a matter of selecting randomly one set of possible orders generated by the grammar . however , as the papers in this collection show , word order variation is not random , but rather is governed by principles which can be subjected to scientific investigation and are common to all languages . the papers in this volume discuss word order variation in a diverse collection of languages and from a number of perspectives , including experimental and quantitative , text-based studies . a number of papers address the problem of deciding which order is ' basic ' among the alternatives . typological studies in language , 30 m . a . gernsbacher ( university of wisconsin ) and t . givsn ( university of oregon ) ( eds . ) . coherence in spontaneous text . john benjamins x , 267 pp . discourse hb : us : 1 55619 637 7 / eur : 90 272 2923 6 us $ 80 . 00 / hfl . 145 , - - pb : us : 1 55619 638 5 / eur : 90 272 2924 4 us $ 32 . 95 / hfl . 65 , - - the main theme running through this volume is that coherence is a mental phenomenon rather than a property of the spoken or written text , or of the social situation . most of the papers in this volume were originally presented at the symposium on coherence in spontaneous text , held at the university of oregon in the spring of 1992 . contributions by : anne anderson ; jennifer coates ; t . givsn ; charles goodwin ; walter kintsch ; tony sanford and linda moxey ; tom trabasso ; soyoung suh and paula payton ; matthew traxler and morti gernsbacher ; deanna wilkes - gibbs typological studies in language , 31
 "",0
 1308,""Subject: linguist nameserver
  
  the linguists nameserver - plea as many of you will know we maintain a nameserver for linguists and related scientists at linguist @ alf . let . uva . nl . this nameserver contains around 7500 e-mail addresses of persons and institutions , as well as institutional fax addresses . as with all such lists the addresses rapidly become out of date , as people change jobs , or computer centres change computers . to reduce the number of ghost adddresses , and add linguists to the list whose e-mail addresses are not presently contained in it , i would encourage all direct and indirect subscribers to linguist to check that their address ( es ) are still valid . three commands are relevant in this context : list this command enables one or more addresses to be extracted from the database . the correct syntax to extract bill clinton 's address ( just an example ) would be : list clinton this command should be sent to linguists @ alf . let . uva . nl remove this command enables a single address to be removed . the correct syntax is : remove clinton , bill : clinton @ ovalroom . whitehouse . gov add this command enables a single address to be added . the correct syntax is : add clinton , bill : clinton @ ovalroom . whitehouse . gov to change an address you require both a remove and an add operation . any combination of commands is acceptible as long each is given on a separate line . there is no restriction to one command per message . so 150 separate add commands in one message is quite acceptible . we would ask that people do not use capital letters in addresses - these are never essential . the reason for us to ask this at the present is that we will be transferring operations in the near future from the vax on which linguists is now maintained to a new unix system . this will also enable us to improve our service with new possibilities . norval smith pieter masereeuw
 "",0
 1309,""Subject: a new multidisciplinary periodical : call for comments
  
  a new multidisciplinary periodical : call for comments * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the following document presents the broad outlines of a new publication currently being developed by the centre national d ' art et de culture georges - pompidou , paris ( france ) . it is also available on our new www server , at url http : / / www . cnac-gp . fr . we are informing internet users of this project so as to generate a discussion and so that your ideas and comments can be used to modify and enrich our plans . for more detailed information on the project , please refer to the full french version ( available here in a few days ) . you will also find a questionnaire to help us know the people interested in this publication . - - daniel soutif directeur du departement du developpement culturel
 "",0
 1310,""Subject: on - line library catalogs
  
  i do n't mean to discourage linguist readers from posting bibliographical queries on the list . on the contrary , i would like to remind / inform them that available , open-access on-line library catalogs exist through telnet which may make your life much easier when searching for references . all you need is access to telnet and a little patience . the following address will offer you a tour around the main libraries in the world . it 's unlikely for any important volume not to be listed in any of the important libraries . to access it , just give the command ( after the prompt ) telnet rsl . ox . ac . uk or telnet 163 . 1 . 62 . 31 this is ( i believe ) a free service , except for however your local system manages command and cpu usage time . it 's a site located in the u . k . you need no login name , no password . just log in and follow the menus . once you ' ve identified the library ( es ) of your liking , you may prefer to take down their telnet addresses in order to access them directly in the future . a few sites offer access to article indexes . services exist which may fax you a given article upon request ( for a fee , of course ) in 24 hours . the syntax for bibliographical searches varies from institution to institution , but after a while you get the idea and library navigation becomes kids ' stuff . please please do not write to my account asking for more details about how this works - - at least not for a couple of months ! i ' m just a user . celso alvarez - caccamo
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 1311,""Subject: re : 6 . 381 words that are their own opposites
  
  several people submitted """" overlook """" and """" oversight """" , which are fine examples of this phenomenon in english ( though i think that mary neff 's """" outgoing : retiring """" is perhaps the most elegant submission to date . ) perhaps my current work on the various shades of meaning in english prepositions has biased me , but in any case i think that the difference in the various senses of """" oversight """" and """" overlook """" stems largely from their compounding with """" over - """" . """" over """" is sneaky ; at first glance it seems to be fairly limited in expressive power , but deeper analysis reveals that in it lurk a number of distinctions of meaning , some of them quite subtle indeed . in addition to nuances of physical location , """" over """" can indicate power relationships ( both outright force , and more subtle authority ) , value judgements , and the general notion of ( metaphorically ) moving on to another thing , as in """" get over it """" and """" skip over """" . so my analysis of """" oversight """" and """" overlook """" would be that in one sense , """" over """" takes on the meaning of authority-over , and in the other sense it takes on the meaning of skipping-over . perhaps a similar argument could be make for the """" sight / see / look """" part of the compound ? for instance , useages such as """" see to it """" """" look to your own interest """" seem to carry some of this """" authority """" meaning . i think the """" over """" analysis is more clear-cut , but it would be interesting to see if someone will make a case for the other half . - - marion kee marion kee | all opinions are my own ; knowledge engineer , center for machine translation | when cmu wants my opinions carnegie mellon university pittsburgh , pa , usa | it pays for them .
 "",0
 1312,""Subject: autoantonyms
  
  a book that is """" in print """" when it is said that such-and - such author has x hundred thousand books """" in print """" can actually be out of print from the standpoint of the potential purchaser of that book . frank y . gladney .
 "",0
 1313,""Subject: re : 6 . 381 words that are their own opposites
  
  in the hebrew bible , the verb berek usually means """" to bless """" . however , in the first chapter of the book of job , the same word is generally believed to mean """" to curse """" . a similar contrast is found in later midrashic and talmudic literature . arian . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = + = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = dr arian j . c . verheij | email arian @ th . vu . nl vu , dpt . computer science & biblical studies | phone + 31 20 444 6625 / 7 de boelelaan 1105 , nl 1081 hv amsterdam | fax + 31 20 444 6635
 "",0
 1314,""Subject: words that are their own opposites
  
  st isidore of seville may well be the source of """" lucus a non lucendo , """" as paul werth suggests . however , it 's no accident that benji wald attributed this ' etymology ' to varro ( 116-27 b . c . e . ) , as the latter is responsible for such etymological gems as vallum . . . quod ea varicare nemo posset """" _ vallum _ ' camp wall ' because no one could _ varicare _ 's traddle over it ' """" ( _ de lingua latina _ : v , 117 ) and qua vix agi potest , hinc angiportum ; qua nil potest agi , hinc angulus """" where it is hardly possible for anything _ agi _ ' to be driven , ' from this it is called an _ angiportum _ ' alley ' ; where nothing can _ agi _ ' be driven , ' from this it is an _ angulus _ ' corner ' """" ( ibid . : vi , 41 ) . a footnote in the loeb edition of _ de lingua latina _ refers to this as """" derivation by the contrary meaning , """" and cites another example : ludus , in quo minime luditur """" school , in which there is very little playing """" ( festus , 122 . 16m ) . karen baumer yale university
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 1315,""Subject: re : words that are their own opposites
  
  in february , anna morpurgo davies ( morpurgo @ vax . ox . ac . uk ) mentioned lepschy and gave 3 references ; i wish to mention one further one : lepschy , guilio ( 1982 ) . linguistic historiography . in david crystal ( ed . ) linguistic controversies : essays in linguistic theory and practice in honour of f . r . palmer . london : edwards arnold . in discussing carl abel 's _ gegensinn der urworte _ ( 1884 ) and related work lepschy writes : """" his [ i . e . , abel 's ] theory on the importance and interest of words with opposite meanings ( which were , he suggested , particularly frequent in the early stages of languages ) finds its place in a long tradition of studies , from the stoic 's grammar and the etymologies _ e contrario _ [ . . . ] , to the chapter in arab linguistic tradition devoted to the [ . . . ] contraries , or words of opposite meanings [ . . . ] to the medieval jewish grammarians ' discussions on parallel phenomena in hebrew [ . . . ] to christian biblical scholars who at least since the 17th century examine cases of ' enantiosemy ' in the sacred , classical , and modern languages , commenting on words like hebrew _ berekh _ ' he blessed ' and ' he cursed ' , greek _ argo 's _ 's wift ' and 's low ' , latin _ altus _ ' high ' and 'd eep ' [ . . . ] nearer to abel , in the first part of the 19th century , we find the german romantics meditating on opposite meanings [ . . . ] and it is impossible not to remember hegel 's comments on a key term in his logic , _ aufheben _ , which means both ' to eliminate ' and ' to preserve ' , illustrating a coexistence in language of opposite meanings which has great speculative import . """" lepschy also writes that abel 's ideas """" were taken seriously by people of the calibre of pott , steinthal , and schuchardt """" , and that freud repeatedly quoted abel 's work , viewing it """" as a linguistic confirmation """" of his own theory that """" for the unconscious , opposites are equivalent to each other . """" ( pp . 28-29 ) surprisingly broad historically , i thought . in this chapter lepschy bemoans the more general lack of a comprehensive historiography of linguistics . - jane edwards ( edwards @ cogsci . berkeley . edu )
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 1316,""Subject: temp position in syntax
  
  the program in linguistics , institute of linguistics and asian and slavic languages and literatures ( ilasll ) , at the university of minnesota invites applications for a full-time temporary ( non-tenure track ) position for a specialist in syntactic theory ( any leading framework ) at the assistant professor level for the 1995-96 academic year . the teaching load will be five courses over three quarters , beginning 16 september 1995 . specific teaching responsibilities include a two-quarter introductory sequence in syntax ; an undergraduate introduction to linguistics ; one graduate seminar in syntax on a topic of choice ; and a second graduate course in an area of choice ( morphological or phonological theory , semantics / pragmatics , or historical linguistics being preferred ) . other responsibilities include maintaining research activities , advising of graduate students , and service on departmental committees . essential qualifications include the ph . d . in linguistics and university-level teaching experience ; applicants with scholarly publications and presentations are preferred . the linguistics program at the twin cities campus of the university of minnesota offers the b . a . , m . a . , and ph . d . degrees in linguistics and maintains strong ties to graduate programs and research centers in cognitive science , communication disorders , and language acquisition . applicants should send a resume , a letter of application describing current research and teaching interests , and three letters of reference to : chair , linguistics search committee program in linguistics , ilasll 192 klaeber court university of minnesota 320 - 16th avenue se minneapolis , mn 55455 all materials must be received by 14 april 1995 . further information can be obtained by letter to the above address or e-mail directed to bdowning @ maroon . tc . umn . edu . the university of minnesota is committed to the policy that all persons shall have equal access to its programs , facilities , and employment without regard to race , color , creed , religion , national origin , sex , age , marital status , disability , public assistance status , veteran status , or sexual orientation .
 "",0
 1317,""Subject: l2 theory job ad
  
  the linguistics program at the university of utah invites applications for a non-tenure track position for the 1995-96 academic year . a . b . d . minimum required . duties include teaching a total of six courses ( two in each of three quarters ) : one in second language acquisition theory , and others in area of specialization , preferably psycholinguistics and / or phonology . we would prefer a candidate with an interest in applied linguistics . salary competitive ; benefits included . ( in 1995-96 , we anticipate recruiting for two full-time tenure-track positions in applied linguistics with interests in either of two areas : ( 1 ) psycholinguistics and / or phonology , and ( 2 ) esl / bilingual education in k-12 . ) the university of utah is an equal opportunity , affirmative action employer and encourages applications from women and minorities and provides reasonable accommodation to the known disabilities of applicants and employees . send vitae , three letters of recommendation , and a cover letter expressing qualifications to marianna di paolo , linguistics program , 2300 lnco , university of utah , salt lake city , ut 84112 . screening will begin on april 24 and will continue until the position is filled .
 "",0
 1318,""Subject: job : japanese
  
  tohoku university , japan . the international student center invites applications for a zyokyoozyu ( equivalent to associate professor ) who can teach japanese and serve as international student adviser . specialty open , but experience in teaching japanese as a foreign language considered an asset . near - native competency in japanese required . ph . d . holder preferred . send the following documents , enclosed in an envelope with """" kyokan koobo """" written on it in red , by registered mail to : ryugakusei - ka , syomu - bu , tohoku daigaku 2 - 1 - 1 katahira , aoba - ku , sendai - shi , 980-77 japan . 1 ) a vita ( in japanese or english ) 2 ) a proof of the highest academic degree obtained 3 ) 2 letters of recommendation ( in japanese or english ) 4 ) a list of publications and conference presentations ( in japanese or english ) 5 ) 5 major scholarly publications ( photocopies or offprints acceptable ) , each accompanied by a summary of approx . 200 japanese character length ( or its equivalent in english ) 6 ) a list of teaching experience , if any ( in japanese or english ) 7 ) an essay in japanese , approx . 2000 character length , stating your interest in teaching international students , on the basis of your own cross-cultural experience the closing date for the application will be june 15 , 1995 . the appointment is to begin on october 1 , 1995 . should you have any questions , please contact professor shigeru sato ( satos @ intcul . tohoku . ac . jp ) .
 "",0
 1319,""Subject: 
  
  journal of japanese linguistics - - yasuaki abe & yoko sugioka , editors table of contents , vol . 15 ( 1993 ) , - - published january , 1995 lexical and productive causatives in japanese : an examination of the theory of paradigmatic structure s . - y . kuroda , university of california , san diego nonsubject honorification : a pragmatic analysis shoko hamano , george washington university the generalized transformation analysis of relative clauses and island effects in japanese keiko murasugi , kinjo gakuin university notes on control constructions in japanese naoko nemoto , binghamton university extraction of doo and its implications hiroyuki ura , mit orders and inquiries to : jjl , nanzan university , 18 yamazatocho , showaku , nagoya 466 japan , email : jjl @ ic . nanzan-u . ac . jp , fax : japan 052-832 - 5490 ( info also available from the linguist archive and at the www page , http : / / condor . stcloud . msus . edu : 20020 / tojpn . html )
 "",0
 1320,""Subject: 
  
  history of ling formigari , lia and daniele gambarara . historical roots of linguistic theories . john benjamins viii , 309 pp . history of linguistics hb : us : 1 55619 610 5 / eur : 90 272 4561 4 us $ 79 . 00 / hfl . 140 , - - most of the papers collected in this volume concentrate on the history of linguistic ideas in france and italy in the modern period ( from the renaissance to the present day ) . some of them are specifically focused on the links between the two traditions of reflection on language . contributions by : a . d ' atri ; f . aqueci ; s . auroux ; m . - c . capt - artaud ; j . - c . chevalier ; f . crispini ; d . droixhe ; l . formigari ; d . gambarara ; s . gensini ; g . graffi ; f . nef - , a . pennisi ; r . simone ; j . - p . seris ; c . stancati ; s . vecchio . studies in the history of the language sciences , 74 morphology stonham john t . combinatorial morphology . john benjamins xii , 207 pp . morphology hb : us : 1-55619 - 574 - 5 / eur : 90 272 3623 2 us $ 52 . 00 / hfl . 90 , - - this book presents a detailed examination of the most important arguments for a process-based theory of morphology and offers a highly-constrained alternative to the powerful mechanisms proposed in processual theories of morphology . data is presented from dozens of different languages from numerous language families around the worid , much of it new to the linguistic forum . the importance of prosodic morphology in the analysis of linguistic phenomena is highlighted and the need for greater constraints on generative power is examined . this work addresses some of the thorniest problems in morphological theory in a novel alternative fashion , including the issues of ablaut , exchange rules , metathesis , reduplication and subtraction , and presents reanalyses based on moraic morphology and the traditional notion of ' combination ' of morphemes along with the underlying theme of constraining the grammar of natural language to the utmost . current issues in linguistic theory , 120 pidgins & creoles arends , jacques , pieter muysken and norval smith ( eds . ) pidgins and creoles . an introduction . john benjamins xii , 412 pp pidgins and creoles hb : us : 1 55619 169 3 / eur : 90 272 5236 x us $ 79 . 00 / hfl . 140 , - - pb : us : 1 55619 170 7 / eur : 90 272 5237 8 us $ 29 . 95 / hfl . 60 , - - this new introduction to the linguistic study of pidgin and creole languages is clearly designed as an introductory course book . it does not demand a high level of previous linguistic knowledge . part i : general aspects and part ii : theories of genesis constitute the core for presentation and discussion in the classroom , while part iii : sketches of individual languages ( such as eskimo pidgin , haitian , saramaccan , shaba swahili , fa d ' ambu , papiamentu , sranan , berbice dutch ) and part iv : grammatical features ( such as tma particles and auxiliaries , noun phrases , reflexives , serial verbs , fronting ) can form the basis for further exploration . a concluding chapter draws together the different strands of argumentation , and the annotated list provides the background information on several hundred pidgins , creoles and mixed languages . creole language library , 15 ling theory simone , raffaele ( third university of rome ) ( ed . ) . iconicity in language john benjamins xii , 318 pp . ling theory hb : us : 1 55619 564 8 / eur : 90 272 3613 5 us $ 85 . 00 / hfl . 160 , - - one of the basic assumptions of semiotically biased linguistic approaches is that language structure includes some non-arbitrary aspects , from the phonological through the textual level , and a great amount of research has occurred in the last decade regarding the """" iconic aspects """" of language ( s ) . this volume focuses on generally neglected dimensions of language and semiotic activity , featuring contributions by philosophers , linguists , semioticians , and psychologists . specifically discussed are numeration systems , the gestural systems of communication among deaf people , the genesis of writing in children . and inter-ethnic communication . contributions by : stefano gensini ; wolfgang u . dressler ; rudolf engler ; t . givsn ; roberto ajello ; raimo anttila ; sheila embleton ; anna giacalone ramat ; hansjakob seiler ; raffaele simone ; franca orletti ; monica berretta ; elena pizzuto , serena corazza , emanuela cameracanna and virginia volterra ; isabella poggi and virginia volterra ; clotilde pontecorvo . current issues in linguistic theory , 110 egli , u . , p . pause , chr . schwarze , a . von stechow and g . wienold ( univ . of konstanz and t | bingen / dokkyo univ . ( japan ) ) ( eds . ) . lexical knowledge in the organization of language john benjamins xiv , 357 pp . + index ling theory hb : us : 1 55619 568 0 / eur : 90 272 3617 8 us $ 89 . 00 / hfl . 160 , - - this book contains a selection of the papers given at an international conference at the university of konstanz ( germany ) in 1991 . all contributions relate to the assumption that lexical knowledge plays a central role in the organization of language , inasmuch as the components or modules of grammar come together and interact in the lexicon . contributions by : mark c . baker ; gereon m | ller and wolfgang sternefeld ; arnim von stechow ; urs egli and klaus von heusinger ; reinhard muskens ; aarne ranta ; bruce mayo ; peter pause , achim botz and markus egg ; christoph schwarze and marie - theres schepping ; gvtz wienoid ; tatsuo miyajima . current issues in linguistic theory , 114 bok-bennema , reineke and crit cremers . linguistics in the netherlands 1994 john benjamins x , 266 pp . ling theory pb : us : 1 56619 218 5 / eur : 90 272 3154 0 us $ 48 . 00 / hfl . 80 , - - this volume contains a selection of papers presented at the twenty-fifth annual meeting of the linguistic society of the netherlands , held in utrecht on january 22 , 1994 . the aim of the annual meeting is to provide members of the society with an opportunity to report on their work in progress . at this year 's meeting 73 papers were presented . the 23 papers in this volume present an overview of research in different fields of linguistics in the netherlands , such as phonetics , phonology , morphology , syntax and semantics and language acquisition . avt publications , 11
 "",0
 1321,""Subject: summary : whatever happened to 'd ?
  
  a few weeks ago i posted a query to the list regarding the disappearance of had or its contracted form ' d , in such expressions as she better stop , which appeared in a recent academic publication . i questioned people 's attitudes towards the standardisation of this new form ( better ) , the subsequent status of the bare infinitive ( stop ) , the possibility of its association with the extraposed construction it is better that she stop , ( implying a subjunctive analysis of stop ) and the likelihood of substituting another adjective ( e . g . good ) in place of better has a result of this . i also questioned the possibility of inverting better with the subject in interrogatives , given the analysis of it as an auxiliary form . i received 26 replies , and i would like to thank the following people who sent their comments , and anyone who is yet to do so : tamara al - kasey ; eleanor olds batchelder ; jonathon berg ; claudia brugman ; marsha bundman ; ellen contini - morava ; max copperman ; john cowan ( logical language group ) david fertig ; frederik fouvry ; dorine houston ; marge jackman ; roger lass ; deborah d . kela ruuskanen ; james kirchner ; timothy miller ; catherine rudin ; raphael salkie ; alena sanusi ; hal schiffman ; jane simpson ; dan slobin ; frits stuurman ; larry trask ; ivan uemlianen ; max wheeler . of 18 replies to the question of standardisation , 9 replied that it was not to be considered standard , 9 thought that it was either normal , informal or ok , and 8 did not consider this question . nobody liked the analysis of stop as a subjunctive , 2 people considering that the extraposed derivation sounded educated or stilted . one reply considered that stop was an imperative form . four people replied that better was an auxiliary , 7 thought it was a modal or semi-modal , and 2 thought that the construction was simply idiomatic . john cowan made mention of the use of better in yiddish - influenced american english as a sentence prefix : ' better she should n't go ' . with regard to its inversion in interrogatives , 9 people considered sai was not ok , one person thought it ok to invert in tags , and only one person thought main clause sai sounded ok . i also want to thank frederik fouvry for his reference : """" information based syntax and semantics """" ( hpsg vol . 1 , pollard & sag , 1987 ) in which better is analysed as an auxiliary that does n't allow inversion ; and frits stuurman for his references and comments : in g . gazdar , g . pullum , & i . sag ( 1982 ) """" auxiliaries and related phenomena in a restricted theory of phrase structure """" _ language _ 59 , 3 : 591-638 , pp . 610-611 , there is a reference to aren ' t as a similar case ( aren ' t i vs . i aren ' t ) ; and in gazdar , e . klein , pullum & sag ( 1985 ) _ generalized phrase structure grammar _ ( cambridge , mass . : harvard up ) , p . 64 , and gazdar , pullum & sag ( 1982 ) , p . 611 , footnote 17 , there are references to different meanings of modals like shall and might when inverted for interrogatives . frits stuurman also cites a gpsg reference to the use of better in p . sells ( 1985 ) _ lectures on government - binding theory , generalized phrase structure grammar , and lexical - functional grammar _ ( stanford : csli ) , p . 93 . many people found analogies with other modals that do not invert , e . g . claudia brugman mentions the difficulty of inverting ' she has to stop ' ) * ' has she to stop ? ' and gotta is equally impossible to invert . james kirchner also mentions otta as a similar case . tamara al - kasey compares the negative and the affirmative interrogatives : * ' had she better stop ? ' and ' had n't she better stop ? ' suggesting that the latter is more acceptable . other interesting items were : the vp - deletion version , observed by max wheeler ' we better had ' ; and at least 2 people considered that had seems to return only for inversion for interrogatives . generally , the use of inversion of better + subject was considered more common in tags , especially amongst children or teenagers , and jane simpson thinks that the tag bettern ' t you is now appearing in australian english , with or without the preceding ' d . ivan uemlianen ( british speaker from northern england ) claims he had always used the tag ' bettern ' t i ? ' as a child , which had always struck him as not quite right , and had never heard of the had until he heard it being used in old films . dan slobin considers the use of had to be archaic , or from another variety or era , although the inversion ' better she go ? ' does not appear in the speech of american - english preschoolers in their data . one respondent did n't know where the had came from , and another reanalysed it as would , in the same way as it has been reanalysed in conditional protases . another suggestion was that it was analogous to a pluperfect auxiliary without tense . two replied that the expression she better stop was just an example of sloppy editing . there was little discussion of phonological processes , but , in particular , i found interesting the following comments by roger lass : """" in my dialect anyhow ( new york city middle class ) , it 's certainly normal to say ( and sometimes , in less formal registers , to write ) , i better , you better , he better , we better , they better . . . observe though : all the pronouns end with a vowel , and there are alternative forms , e . g . i 'd better . . . though these are much less common . there is however another type , which is sometimes taken to be better but is n't : you [ b ] better , where there 's a sort of geminate or at least half-long consonant . the very fact that none of the syntactic things you mark with * or ? seem to occur would be an indication that there has not really been any kind of reanalysis , but rather an institutionalization of a fast-speech deletion and / or assimilation , which is creeping up into slower styles ( as often happens ) . in fact the construction itself is weird anyhow , since you had comparative does n't seem to exist , except in archaisms like ' i 'd liefer do that ' ( i can't use it , but i ' ve heard it ) . note also , it 's just occurred to me , that you do n't get deletion of - 'd in * i rather do that . . . """" this last comment i think gives us plenty of scope for more discussion . debbie ziegeler
 "",0
 1322,""Subject: 8 - bit characters
  
  dear fellow linguists : in the past months i have read several postings to this list using languages other than english ( spanish , german , french , finnish , italian , etc . ) . i consider this situation absolutely delicious , as it adds that international flavour that our discipline is so proud of . as english is not my native tongue , i welcome and exercise my right to use my language in all contexts . however , the notorious difficulty that 8 - bit characters have to travel in the cyberspace has made it really hard to send texts that comply with the spelling conventions of these languages ( basically accented and umlauted vowels , greek letters and certain other symbols ) . this is not a big problem when you are just sending a relatively short e-message to a colleague who speaks the same language ( you just drop the accents and type plain vowels or capitals instead , for enye you type a plain """" n """" , etc . ) . the real trouble arises when you wish to send a more polished document such as a paper , an abstract , a conference posting , a bibliography , a draft of a thesis to a distant supervisor , etc . in most of these cases the spelling norms * are * crucial . the obvious solution is the coding of 8 - bit characters as sequences of 7 - bit characters . i think that this has become a common practice , but i do n't know whether there is a standard for these conversions . if this coding practice has not yet been the object of standardisation , i venture to propose one below . this proposal refers to the characters available in the extended character set on ibm pc - compatible computers ( i am not familiar with mac , but this could also be used in that system ) . i would like to stress the fact that it is not necessary to type the ( long ) document using the coding system , rather the file must typed as usual , with accented and umlauted vowels as well as the rest of the characters needed in the language , and just after that you make a copy of the file and on that copy you change the 8 - bit characters for 7 - bit sequences according to the table provided . this procedure is * not * manual , for this you use the search-and - replace facility normally available in your word processor or editor ( remember : the dos editor has it ) . this can be done for most languages in ten or fewer passes ( less than one minute , varying with the size of the file ) . it is important to let the recipient know that you have coded the file in this fashion . append a note at the beginnig of the document to that effect , with a suggestion to use the search-and - replace facility to make the reverse changes , as well as the table of changes and samples . feel free to edit ( and / or translate ) what follows if you wish to make the note shorter by including only what is pertinent for a given language . | a . model of a note :
 "",0
 1323,""Subject: inofficial e-texts
  
  there is a project since 1985 , which intends to collect all works of indo - european languages . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - """" thesaurus indogermanischer text - und sprachmaterialien """" ( titus ) vorliegende und in bearbeitung befindliche texte ( vorl ufige liste : stand 26 . januar 1995 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a ) alt - , mittel - und neuindisch : a ) vedisch : rgveda - sa ~ hit ~ : eingabe unter der leitung von w . p . lehmann ( austin , texas ) durch h . s . ananthanarayana ( hyderabad ) ; berarbeitungen durch s . d . atkins ( pomona , california ) , g . e . editorial note in order to cut this message short we have made the complete list of electronic texts available at the listserver under the title etexts txt to retrieve it send the message : get etexts txt linguist to listserv @ tamvm1 . tamu . edu ( internet ) or listserv @ tamvm1 ( bitnet ) for more information , please contact : prof . dr . jost gippert , universit t frankfurt , postfach 11 19 32 , d-60054 frankfurt tel . : + 49-69 - 798 8591 oder 3139 ; fax : + 49-69 - 798 2873 ; e-mail : gippert @ em . uni-frankfurt . d400 . de = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = dr . fco . javier mart ! nez garc ! a vergleichende sprachwissenschaft | tel . + 49 - 69 - 798 2847 universit t frankfurt | ( sekr . ) + 49 - 69 - 798 3139 postfach 11 19 32 | fax . + 49 - 69 - 798 2873 d-60054 frankfurt | martinez @ em . uni-frankfurt . d400 . de = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
 "",0
 1324,""Subject: re : elvis
  
  the associated press news agency recently reported that doctor jukka ammondt and the finnish broadcast corporation choir released a compact disk of songs by elvis presley in latin . the article said that doctor ammondt had also made an earlier cd of tangos , also in latin . since that news article appeared , several persons ( including myself ) have sent messages to the internet latin - l mailing list , and to the internet newsgroup sci . classics , asking to buy one or both of these cd 's . i forwarded some of these messages to doctor ammondt , asking how to get the cd 's . the relevant parts of his reply appear below . rob helm from : jukka ammondt , university of jyvska : la : , finland . . . i have been happily surprised of the interest towards my cd 's and , of course , willing to deliver them to those who are interested in it . the problem is , my producer does n't have connections abroad , and that means that there 's no channels for us to sell the records worldwide - - not yet , anyway . please contact directly my producer ( fax below ) to order the cd 's by post . by the way , i would be extremely happy if you could give me information about someone who could organize selling of the records . i do n't know whom to contact in this business . . . the fax of my producer : stop records , finland . 358-41 - 666773 . . . information about the cd 's is : 1 ) doctor ammondt , tango triste finnicum , 1993 . contains six ( 6 ) finnish traditional tangos in latin . 2 ) doctor ammondt , the legend lives forever in latin , 1995 . contains seven ( 7 ) songs in latin , six of them made known by elvis presley and one with lyrics by the singer .
 "",0
 1325,""Subject: nez perce
  
  does anybody know where i can get ahold of phinney 's ( sp ? ) grammar of nez perce ? i was told that a certain dr . haruo aoki at uc berkeley has written a grammar of the language in which he refers to this work , and i would like to know where i can find it . if you have any information , please address to wied6480 @ varney . idbsu . edu . jack wiedrick
 "",0
 1326,""Subject: any sumerologists out there ?
  
  are there any sumerologists out there who would be willing to answer a few factual questions about sumerian ? alexis mr
 "",0
 1327,""Subject: + 0100
  
  kulbrandstad ) a colleague who does not yet have access to the net , has asked me to post this query : the word leisure in american english may rhyme with seizure or pleasure . can anyone answer the following : 1 . which pronuniciation is more common - / e / or / i / ? 2 . does the individual 's choice reflect regional patterns , social class , or some other factor ? i would also like to ask the same questions about the presence or absence of / l / in ga : calm , palm , psalm , almond etc . thanks in advance . lars anders kulbrandstad hedmark college , norway lak @ hamarlh . no
 "",0
 1328,""Subject: currency names
  
  does anybody know the etymology of the following currency names : rial ( iran , oman , north yemen ) riyal ( saudi arabia , quatar ) riel ( cambodia ) real ( brazil ) and maybe other similar names beginning with ri / re end ending with l ? would it be possible that those names are of the same ( ie . ) origin , originally refering to kingdom e . t . c . ( cf . regal ) ? ( what about the russian _ rubel _ , and the _ rupee _ in india e . t . c . ? ) it would , in fact , not have to be that strange to have a currency name of the same origin in countries as far away from each other as brazil and cambodia , as currency names do not seem to follow any """" national """" rules . cf . the name _ dollar _ ( in use in almost 60 countries ( comes originally from the german _ thaler _ , but has supposedly spread out under the influence of usd ) ) , and the many variations of the word """" crown """" ( icelandic kr / ona , danish krone , estonian kroon , czechish korun e . t . c ) , and _ dinar _ in various ( arabic ) countries . thanks , veturlidi oskarsson icelandic language institute reykjavmk , iceland e-mail : veturosk @ ismal . hi . is
 "",0
 1329,""Subject: qs : gogo - speaker
  
  i ' m trying to work on the non-segmental phonology of gogo ( g11 ) for my phd . the little data i collected until now is far from giving a clear picture of tone / accent in nouns . hence my beg for help . is anyone of you a or does anyone of you know a native speaker of this language and is / who is willing to provide me with some additional data ? ralf grosserhode
 "",0
 1330,""Subject: q : wordnet in spanish ?
  
  hello , does anybody know if there is something like wordnet for spanish ? pablo accuosto accuosto @ fing . edu . uy
 "",0
 1331,""Subject: summary : elvis in latin
  
  content - length : 4142 on march 3 , 1995 , i posted a query regarding a cd of elvis presley songs in latin . i am now in receipt of the cd , which the record company , viihdesallap / stop records of jyva """" skyla """" , finland , was kind enough to send me simply in response to the query i posted on this list . before describing the cd , i would like to cite the following message i received from hannele dufva of the language centre for finnish universities of the university of jyva """" skyla """" : ) dear professor toops , ) the legend lives forever in latin is recorded by doctor ammondt alias ) associate professor jukka ammondt working at the dept . of literature , ) university of jyva """" skyla """" , finland . the cd is produced by stop records ) ( sr-103 ) ( tel : + 358-41 - 66771 ; fax : + 358-41 - 773 ) but i called jukka and he ) told me that a contract with k - tel international is being negotiated and ) that the record will probably be available on american market very soon . ) k - tel international finland ( fax . + 358 - 0-790653 ) will also probably ) answer any inquiries . the lyrics were , by the way , translated into latin ) by teivas oksala , the professor of the latin department , also famous for ) his broadcasts of news in latin . i heard that he is also going to attempt ) at trying his talents as sports commentator in latin ( ! ) at an ice hockey ) match . hope you will be able to get the cd ! please do n't hesitate to ) contact me for further information . ) hannele dufva ) language centre for finnish universities ) university of jyva """" skyla """" ) p . o . box 35 ) 40351 jyva """" skyla """" ) dufva @ tukki . jyu . fi ) fax : + 358-41 - 603521 having listened to the cd several times now , i am very favorably im - pressed both by the quality of the lyrics and by the quality of the instrumentation . most north american instructors of latin , i believe , will be pleased to learn that the pronunciation used by the vocalist , dr . ( jukka ) ammondt , is virtually identical to the reconstructed """" classic """" pronunciation taught in north american schools and not that of church latin . / c / and / g / are regularly pronounced as velars and are not palatalized or """" softened """" to - ch - and - dzh - before front vowels as they are in ( italian ) church latin . practically the only deviation from north american classroom pronunciation is the monoph - thongization of - ae - and - oe - , which ammondt pronounces as long / e : / ( or even / a """" / ) , rather than as / ai / and / oi / , resp . v - is regularly pronounced as a bilabial glide / w / , although at times it approaches a bilabial fricative in ammond 's pronounciation ; the same holds true of the glide element in - qu . ammondt occasionally produces a slightly retroflex-sounding / s / , but , in any case , it is never voiced to / z / even intervocalically . i was able to discern only one instance of finnish interference in ammondt 's pronunciation : in one song , one occurrence of the word """" dic """" is clearly mispronounced / tik / . the cd contains 7 tracks totaling 21 mins . 46 secs . : i . surrender / nunc aeternitatis ii . it 's now or never / nunc hic aut numquam iii . can't help falling in love / non adamare non possum iv . it 's impossible / impossibile v . wooden heart / cor ligneum vi . love me tender / tenere me ama vii . the wings of dream / alae somnii the last track ( vii . , above ) is sung mostly in strongly accented english . it might have been better to keep the lyrics all in latin . i was not provided with information of forms of payment the recording company in jyva """" skyla """" , finland , is able to accept . i would assume that a mere credit card number ( e . g . , visa , mastercard ) would suffice to purchase one of these cds , the price of which , according to the customs label on the envelope in which mine was mailed , is 90 finnish markka . again , to order cd # sr-103 , write , call , or fax : viihdesallap , ltd . / stop records p . o . box 252 sf-40101 jyva """" skyla """" finland ph : + 358 41-666 - 771 fx : + 358 41-666 - 773 gary h . toops toops @ twsuvm . uc . twsu . edu associate professor ph : ( 316 ) 689-3180 wichita state university fx : ( 316 ) 689-3293 wichita , kansas 67260-0011 usa
 "",0
 1332,""Subject: 
  
  history of ling the magic of a common language : jakobson , mathesius , trubetzkoy , and the prague linguistic circle by jindrich toman current studies in linguistics series # 26 , the mit press $ 40 hardcover available from the mit press 800 . 356 . 0343 or < mitpress-orders @ mit . edu > social and cultural environment , historical factors , and tenets of the prague linguistics circle . available for discussion ling semiotics tobin , yishai . invariance , markedness and distinctive feature analysis . a contrastive study of sign systems in english and hebrew john benjamins xii , 402 pp . contrastive analysis hb : us : 1 55619 565 6 / eur : 90 272 3614 3 us $ 100 . 00 / hfl . 180 , - - this volume provides a new kind of contrastive analysis of two unrelated languages english and hebrew based on the semiotic concepts of invariance , markedness and distinctive feature theory . it concentrates on linguistic forms and constructions which are remarkably different in each language despite the fact that they share the same familiar classifications and labels . tobin demonstrates how and why traditional and modern syntactic categories such as grammatical number ; verb tense , aspect , mood and voice ; conditionals and interrogatives ; etc . , are not equivalent across languages . it is argued that these so-called universal concepts function differently in each language system because they belong to distinct language-specific semantic domains which are marked by different sets of semantic features . current issues in linguistic theory , iii socioling lippi-green , rosina ( university of michigan , ann arbor ) . language ideology and language change in early modern german . a sociolinguistic study of the consonantal system of nuremberg john benjamins xiv , 150 pp . sociolinguistics hb : us : 1 55619 573 7 / eur : 90 272 3622 4 us $ 48 . 00 / hfl . 85 , - - this quantitative study , based on a computerized corpus of texts written by five men in early 16th - century nuremberg , employs multivariate glm statistical procedures to analyze the way linguistic , social and stylistic factors work individually and in interaction to influence variation observed in the texts . the study provides evidence that consonantal variation in early modern written texts is not random . of particular importance is the quantification of an individual 's relationship to an emerging ideology of language standardization , and the way that relationship interacts with written language variation . current issues in linguistic theory , 119 .
 "",0
 1333,""Subject: obituary : jochem schindler
  
  this is to inform you of the untimely death of jochem schindler , prof . of indoeuropean linguistics at vienna univ . from 1987 , prof . of linguistics at harvard univ . from 1978 till 1987 , who passed away on dec . 24th 1994 . ursula doleschal & sergej krylov institut f . slawische sprachen wirtschaftsuniv . wien augasse 9 , 1090 wien tel . : + + 43 - 1-31336 4115 fax : + + 43 - 1-31336 744
 "",0
 1334,""Subject: sum : singapore english
  
  content - length : 4261 a couple of weeks ago , i asked the following question : ) many people would not regard s ' pore english as a """" native """" english . ) however , there are many speakers here who grew up speaking ) english , ) ie acquiring english as their first language ; though certainly it may be a ) somewhat different variety from the english spoken in britain or ) america . ) in this respect , what is the currently accepted way of classifying ) singapore english ? in particular , is it possible to say that it is not a ) native language given that some people have it as their first ) language ? three respondants believed that singapore english should be regarded as """" native """" if it is the first language learned ; while three others suggested """" native """" has other connotations or suggested other terms for the english of singapore . thus anthea fraser gupta said : i strongly feel that the term """" native language """" should be used to refer to the language ( s ) an individual first learns , and that any other definition , based on race , on ancestral language use , or geographical origin , is untenable . debbie ziegeler agreed with this view : most people i believe would classify a first language as a native language ( = mother tongue ) , and i think this is what anthea gupta had in mind when she said that english in singapore now has native speakers , and that approximately 20 % of singapore 's incoming schoolchildren have english as a native language and ms . faridah hudson said : i believe that any language that is learned by a child as its first language should be considered as the native language . granted that singapore english is not as well studied as british or american english , it is still a form of english . on the other hand , wen - chao li claims suggests that """" native """" does not just refer to the linguistic experience of the individual : i think the word """" native """" here refers not to whether or not people speak the variety as a native language , but is just a convenient label used to distinguish the english of britain and the us , where the language originated ( """" native """" in this sense ) , from the english of places like singapore , india , and many countries in africa , where although english is widely spoken as a native language , it is a language that had transplanted another in the last 200 years , a language that was introduced rather than one that 's been culturally and historically """" native """" . mario cal varela suggested the use of the term """" localized forms of english """" for new varieties such as that of singapore : the expression """" localized forms of english """" is often used . . . to refer to varieties of english that have developed peculiar characteristics ( nativized features ) because of being used in cultural settings different from the so-called native englishes . and rodrik wade prefers """" new englishes """" : a term that was popularised , if not introduced by platt , weber and ho ( 1984 ) for se and other similar varieties of english is ' new englishes ' . i have used this term when writing about south african black english although as yet this variety has few l1 speakers . i would like to thank all these respondants , as well as alan firth and benny lee for their useful references and umberto for his questions about the pronunciation involved . special thanks to my mentor david deterding for introducing me to the list and for helping me out with this summary . kia - sheng chew national technological university singapore 91a26936217f @ nievax . nie . ac . sg
 "",0
 1335,""Subject: humanities computing position at ceth
  
  the center for electronic texts in the humanities ( ceth ) is seeking a humanities computing specialist . please see the position description below . susan hockey director , center for electronic texts in the humanities humanities computing specialist center for electronic texts in the humanities responsibilities : develops and maintains information services for center , including world wide web server , newsletter , and planned series of guides to electronic text resources and applications . provides research support for humanities computing and electronic texts on a national basis . gives presentations and seminars on electronic texts in the humanities . coordinates electronic text center at rutgers university including supervision of student assistants . assists participants at ceth summer seminar . qualifications : strong background in the humanities with phd preferred . experience with computer applications in humanities research required , with at least two years preferred . reading knowledge of some foreign languages preferred . knowledge of tei sgml and experience with internet , pcs ( dos and windows ) , macintosh and unix preferred . good oral and written communication skills required . salary : negotiable , dependent upon experience and qualifications , for a grant funded appointment equivalent to assistant professor rank ; possibility of renewal . status / benefits : faculty status , non-tenure track , calendar year appointment , tiaa / cref pension , life / health insurance , prescription drug , dental and eyeglass plans , tuition remission , one month vacation . center profile : the center for electronic texts in the humanities ( ceth ) is sponsored jointly by rutgers , the state university of new jersey and princeton university . the center 's administrative headquarters are located in the archibald stevens alexander library , the main humanities and social sciences research library of rutgers on the college avenue campus in new brunswick , new jersey . ceth acts as a national focus for the creation , dissemination and use of electronic texts in the humanities with emphasis on scholarly applications and primary source materials . ceth 's activities include an inventory of electronic texts in the humanities , research into methods of providing internet access to collections of sgml - encoded material in the humanities , an international summer seminar on methods and tools for electronic texts in the humanities and general information services for humanities computing . ceth is also developing associated projects in partnership with other institutions and research groups . a consortium of member institutions is planned to start in july 1995 . ceth is supported in part by the national endowment for the humanities and the andrew w . mellon foundation . to apply : resumes received no later than april 10 , 1995 will receive first consideration . submit resume , cover letter , and names of three referees to : sandra troy ( app . 112 ) libraries personnel officer rutgers university libraries 169 college avenue new brunswick , nj 08903 fax # 908-932 - 7637 rutgers , the state university of new jersey upholds a commitment to affirmative action and equal opportunity .
 "",0
 1336,""Subject: position available
  
  positions available for computational linguists at least one position is available for computational linguists on a machine translation project . the positions will be located either at simon fraser university in vancouver , british columbia or at tcc communications corporation in victoria , british columbia . in either case , the positions will involve close interaction between the natural language laboratory at sfu and tcc . tenure is for 1 year and is renewable subject to funding . salary is commensurate with experience . closing date for receipt of applications is april 18 , 1995 applicants are sought with the following skills : * knowledge of parsing and / or generation theory * experience with machine translation technology * experience with unification-based grammar formalisms * at least a masters degree in linguistics or computing science is required * native knowledge of spanish an asset inquiries can be made to : paul mcfetridge mcfet @ cs . sfu . ca applications with names and contact addresses of at least three people for letters of reference should be sent to : mr . john grayson tcc communications corporation box 2400 , sidney , british columbia , canada v8l 3y3 phone : 604-655 - 2060 fax : 604-656 - 9942
 "",0
 1337,""Subject: teaching job of french and german in korea
  
  french and french teacher in korea ; the language research center of chonnam national university is looking for one german and one french instructor . we require the teacher to hold ph . d . or ma in tesl / tefl , language acquisition , curriculum and materials development , bilingual education , call , or related fields , and preferably a native speaker of french and german who are fluent in english . we require the teachers to : 1 . teach 630 hours a year ( 3 hours a day , 15 hours a week ) 2 . carry out research and publish one evaluated paper a year 3 . develop teaching materials 4 . attend one / two teachers ' meeting and have one / two office hours each week 5 . participate program administration we provide the teachers with : 1 . housing on or off campus ( sometimes shared ) 2 . yearly payment of 15 , 600 , 000 won ( us $ 19 , 000 ) 3 . 24 , 000 won ( us $ 30 ) for one additional teaching hour over requirement 4 . health insurance for about 20 , 000 won ( us $ 25 ) per month 5 . travel allowance of 400 , 000 won ( us $ 500 ) on first arrival 6 . travel allowance for presenting papers at academic conventions 7 . under current korean national tax laws , teachers from some countries are not required to pay income tax for two years . 8 . assistant professorship and additional monthly payment of $ 125 to those who have doctoral degrees in language acquisition and two year teaching experience we require the following documents : 1 . curriculum vitae with a copy of recent picture 2 . a copy of diploma for m . a . degree in esl / efl 3 . two letters of recommendation applications are accepted on an on-going basis . contract may begin at any sessions and are usually signed for one year . please send or fax a detailed curriculum vitae , a copy of all diplomas , a copy of graduate transcripts and two letters of recommendation to : gyonggu shin , ph . d . , director language research center chonnam national university kwangju 500-757 , korea phone : 82-62 - 520-7920 fax : 82-62 - 526-5521 email : gshin @ rs6 . chonnam . ac . kr
 "",0
 1338,""Subject: sum : reference
  
  here is the reference i posted a request for : shaywitz , shaywitz , pugh , et al . , """" sex differences in the functional organization of the brain for language , """" nature 373 ( feb . l6 , l995 ) , 607 - 9 . several people answered my request , with most complete information coming from laura l . koenig ( koenig @ lenny . haskins . yale . edu ) , and alice faber ( faber @ haskins . yale . edu > , who included an e-mail address for one of the authors , ken pugh ( pugh @ haskins . yale . edu ) . wayne cowart notes that ken pugh is the cognitive psychologist who actually designed the experiment . two people mentioned that the results should be taken with caution , and one said there is an editorial on doubtful aspects of the findings , in the same issue of nature . many thanx to all who answered . becky moreton
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 1339,""Subject: - 0500 ( est )
  
  ( sstraigh @ bingsuns . cc . binghamton . edu ) on sun , 26 mar 1995 , the linguist list said : ) subject : 6 . 435 sum : whatever happened to had / ' d ? ) date : fri , 24 mar 1995 15 : 16 : 32 gmt + 1000 ) from : dziegele @ arts . cc . monash . edu . au ) subject : summary : whatever happened to 'd ? . . . ) many people found analogies with other modals that do not invert , e . g . ) claudia brugman mentions the difficulty of inverting ' she has to stop ' ) ) * ' has she to stop ? ' and gotta is equally impossible to invert . james ) kirchner also mentions otta as a similar case . tamara al - kasey compares ) the negative and the affirmative interrogatives : * ' had she better stop ? ' ) and ' had n't she better stop ? ' suggesting that the latter is more ) acceptable . for me , both of the interrogative forms are fine , though the latter is surely more frequent for discourse reasons . moreover , the parallel between better and otta strikes me as very great : 1 . we all { better / otta } stick to our knitting . 2 . had ( n't ) we all { b / o } stick to our knitting ? 3 . most of them { b / o } be leaving now to catch the bus . 4 . had ( n't ) most of them { b / o } be leaving now ? 5 . do ( n't ) you think our noisy friends { b / o } { shut up / be quiet } ? all of these examples cast doubt on the applicability of roger lass 's comments to my own usage : ) """" in my dialect anyhow ( new york city middle class ) , it 's certainly ) normal to say ( and sometimes , in less formal registers , to write ) , ) ) i better , you better , he better , we better , they better . . . ) ) observe though : all the pronouns end with a vowel , and there are ) alternative forms , e . g . i 'd better . . . though these are much less ) common . h . stephen straight , binghamton university ( suny )
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 1340,""Subject: summer school courses in japanese
  
  content - length : 1083 i am an undergraduate major in linguistics and will be going to japan to teach english next fall . i would like to inquire about summer school courses in japanese that stress communicative competence at the beginning level , preferrably on the east coast . are there any , and what are the specifics ? thank you in advance . robert ball jball @ pomona . edu
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 1341,""Subject: [ n + v ] verbal compounding
  
  content - length : 2725 we are two researchers at the universitat de girona ( sp ) and we are working on a kind of catalan verbal compounding . we sumarize the characteristics of these compounds here below . we are interested in other vo languales with the same ( or similar ) process of verb formation . moreover , we wonder if anybody knows references related , in some way , to our subject that could be helpful to us ( we already know rosen , s . t . ( 1989 ) , miller ( 1993 ) ) . [ n + v ] verbal compounding to be more clear we enumerate the relevant characteristics of our compounds . 1 . first of all , we must say that catalan is a vo language . 2 . our compounding looks like a process of noun incorporation where the incorporated noun within the lexical item is the internal argument in the syntactic structure . observe ( 1 ) ( 1 ) a . el cacador trenca la cama de l ' ocell """" the hunter breaks the leg of the bird """" b . el cacador camatrenca l ' ocell """" the hunter leg + breaks the bird """" 3 . nevertheless , the noun-incorporation does n't affect to the capacity of the verb of assigning acusative case , this is , the complex verb remains transitive . 4 . generally , this kind of """" noun-incorporation """" is only possible when the noun incorporated is an inalienable possession noun ( ipn ) and the new internal argument of the complex verb is the possessor . observe ( 2 ) and ( 3 ) : ( 2 ) a . corferir """" to heart + hurt """" b . colltorcer """" to neck + twist """" ( 3 ) a . * cadiratrencar """" to chair + break """" b . * ferrotorcer """" to iron + twist """" 5 . we hypothesise that the ipn acts as a kind of modifier in the complex verbal form and doestn ' t act as a verbal argument . olga fullana noell lluisa gracia pl . ferrater mora n . 1 universitat de girona e-17071 girona spain fullana @ skywalker . udg . es gracia @ skywalker . udg . es
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 1342,""Subject: query : japanese dialects
  
  content - length : 1148 dear linguist list subscribers , i need information of any kind regarding ' innovative ' and ' conservative ' dialects and / or variations in japanese . unfortunately , i must ask that any data sent be in english ; i am fully aware of how much of a limitation this creates . thank you in advance for your cooperation and consideration . please reply directly to me at : ganelin @ netcom . com david ganelin
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 1343,""Subject: aum shinri kyo
  
  content - length : 1513 what is aum ? the japanese police are currently investigating a religious sect called """" aum shinri kyo """" in relation to last week 's gas attack on the tokyo subway . aum shinri kyo has been translated as """" sublime truth """" in the press . with my limited knowledge of japanese , i know that shinri can be glossed as ' truth ' and kyo is a sino - japanese morpheme found at the end of the names of many if not most religions . aum , however , is a bit of a puzzler . japanese phonology only allows syllable-final [ m ] as an allophone of / n / before labial consonants , which is not the case here . does anyone know what this aum means , where it comes from , and if it is pronounced with a final [ m ] by speakers of japanese ? david p . baxter urbana , illinois dbaxter @ uxa . cso . uiuc . edu
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 1344,""Subject: call for papers
  
  content - length : 2908 call for papers for the fourth international conference on the cognitive science of natural language processing dublin city university , 5 - 7 july 1995 subject areas : this is a non-exclusive list of subjects which fall within the scope of csnlp . it is intended as a guide only . * corpus - based nlp * connectionist nlp * statistical and knowledge-based mt * linguistic knowledge representation * cognitive linguistics * declarative approaches to nlp * nlg and nlu * dialogue and discourse * human language processing * text linguistics * evaluation of nlp * hybrid approaches to nlp submissions may deal with theoretical issues , applications , databases or other aspects of csnlp , but the importance of cognitive aspects should be borne in mind . papers should report original substantive research . theme : the role of syntax there is currently considerable debate regarding the place and importance of syntax in nlp . papers dealing with this matter will be given preference . invited speakers : the following speakers have agreed to give keynote talks : mark steedman , university of pennsylvania alison henry , university of ulster registration and accommodation : the registration fee will be ir # 60 , and will include proceedings , lunches and one evening meal . accommodation can be reserved in the campus residences at dcu . a single room is ir # 16 per night , with full irish breakfast an additional ir # 4 . accommodation will be """" first come , first served """" : there is a heavy demand for campus rooms in the summer . there are also several hotels and b&b establishments nearby : addresses will be provided on request . to register , contact alex monaghan at the addresses given below . payment in advance is possible but not obligatory . please state gender ( for accommodation purposes ) and any unusual dietary requirements . submission of abstracts : those wishing to present a paper at csnlp should submit a 400 - word abstract to arrive not later than 10 / 4 / 95 . abstracts should give the author 's full name and address , with email address if possible , and should be sent to : csnlp alex monaghan school of computer applications dublin city university dublin 9 ireland email submissions are preferred , plain ascii text please to : - - - - - - - - - alex @ compapp . dcu . ie ( internet ) completed papers should be around 8 pages long , although longer papers will be considered if requested . camera - ready copy must be submitted to arrive in dublin by 19 / 6 / 94 . no particular conference style will be imposed , but papers should be legible ( 12pt laser printed ) and well-structured . deadlines : 10th april - - - submission of 400 - word abstract 1st may - - - notification of acceptance 19th june - - - deadline for receipt of camera-ready paper ( c . 8 pages ) 26th june - - - final date for registration , accommodation , meals etc .
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 1345,""Subject: conf : melbourne university postgraduate conference
  
  the university of melbourne department linguistics will be holding its 4th annual postgraduate conference on the 30th of may . abstracts are now being called for , and will be accepted until the 18th of april ; these may be e-mailed to : nsn @ speech . language . unimelb . edu . au ; snail-mailed to : dept . of linguistics , university of melbourne , parkville 3052 , victoria , australia ; faxed to : ( + 61 3 ) 344 7305 . - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * nick nicholas , linguistics , university of melbourne , australia * nsn @ speech . language . unimelb . edu . au & nick _ nicholas @ muwayf . unimelb . edu . au * ( http : / / adhocalypse . arts . unimelb . edu . au / dept / linguistics / nsn / nick . html ) * """" eschewing obfuscatory verbosity of locutional rendering , the * circumscriptional appelations are excised . """" - - - w . mann & s . thompson , * _ rhetorical structure theory : a theory of text organisation _ , 1987 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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 1346,""Subject: formal grammar
  
  last call for papers formal grammar barcelona august 12-13 , 1995 in conjunction with the european summer school in logic , language and information in 1995 the seventh european summer school in logic , language and information is to be held in barcelona . as on previous occasions this meeting will serve as a forum for areas including computational linguistics , formal linguistics , and the role of logic in grammar formalisms . this year the programme includes a conference on formal grammar open to all participants to present contemporary research in this domain . themes of interest include formal and computational phonology , syntax , semantics and pragmatics ; logical methods in linguistics ; and foundational , methodological and architectural issues in grammar . ten copies of anonymous abstracts of not more than 800 words ( on one two-sided sheet ) should be sent to the address below to arrive not later than april 21st , 1995 . please provide a separate sheet detailing title , author ( s ) and institution ( s ) , and address , e-mail , telephone and fax of one author for communication purposes . indicate on both the abstract and the identification sheet whether you require 20 minutes or 40 minutes for presentation . notification of acceptance will be by may 22nd . final versions of papers are to be received by 7th july for inclusion in a proceedings to be distributed at the time of the summer school . address for correspondence : committee of the esslli conference on formal grammar c / o glyn morrill departament de llenguatges i sistemes informatics facultat d ' informatica de barcelona universitat politecnica de catalunya pau gargallo , 5 08028 barcelona e-mail : morrill @ lsi . upc . es programme committee : elisabet engdahl , ewan klein , glyn morrill , dick oehrle , fernando pereira , carl pollard , richard sproat , susan steele , rich thomason , annie zaenen . for information about the european summer school in logic , language and information ( 14th - 25th august ) contact : esslli95 , gilcub , avda . vallvidrera 25 , 08017 barcelona ; fax + 43 3 2054656 ; e-mail : esslli95 @ gilcub . es * * * * * * * * * * cut here for latex version below * * * * * * * * * * \ documentstyle [ 11pt ] { article } \ pagestyle { empty } \ setlength { \ textwidth } { 6 . 5in } \ setlength { \ oddsidemargin } { 0 . 0in } \ begin { document } \ begin { center } \ rule { 1in } { . 01in } please post \ rule { 1in } { . 01in } \ \ \ medskip { \ large last call for papers } \ \ \ bigskip { \ large \ bf formal grammar } \ \ \ medskip barcelona \ \ august 12-13 , 1995 \ \ in conjunction with the \ \ { \ bf european summer school in logic , language and information } \ end { center } \ medskip \ noindent in 1995 the seventh european summer school in logic , language and information is to be held in barcelona . as on previous occasions this meeting will serve as a forum for areas including computational linguistics , formal linguistics , and the role of logic in grammar formalisms . this year the programme includes a conference on formal grammar open to all participants to present contemporary research in this domain . themes of interest include formal and computational phonology , syntax , semantics and pragmatics ; logical methods in linguistics ; and foundational , methodological and architectural issues in grammar . ten copies of anonymous abstracts of not more than 800 words ( on one two-sided sheet ) should be sent to the address below to arrive not later than april 21st , 1995 . please provide a separate sheet detailing title , author ( s ) and institution ( s ) , and address , e-mail , telephone and fax of one author for communication purposes . indicate on both the abstract and the identification sheet whether you require 20 minutes or 40 minutes for presentation . notification of acceptance will be by may 22nd . final versions of papers are to be received by 7th july for inclusion in a proceedings to be distributed at the time of the summer school . \ medskip \ noindent address for correspondence : \ medskip \ begin { tabular } { l } committee of the esslli conference on formal grammar \ \ c / o glyn morrill \ \ departament de llenguatges i sistemes inform \ ` { a } tics \ \ facultat d ' inform \ ` { a } tica de barcelona \ \ universitat polit \ ` { e } cnica de catalunya \ \ pau gargallo , 5 \ \ 08028 barcelona \ bigskip \ \ e-mail : { \ sf morrill @ lsi . upc . es } \ end { tabular } \ medskip \ noindent programme committee : elisabet engdahl , ewan klein , glyn morrill , dick oehrle , fernando pereira , carl pollard , richard sproat , susan steele , rich thomason , annie zaenen . \ medskip \ noindent for information about the european summer school in logic , language and information ( 14th - 25th august ) contact : esslli95 , gilcub , avda . vallvidrera 25 , 08017 barcelona ; fax + 43 3 2054656 ; e-mail : { \ sf esslli95 @ gilcub . es } \ end { document }
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 1347,""Subject: looking for hans - heinrich waengler
  
  dear linguist members , i am interested in comparable x - ray pictures of german and english articulation . ingolf franke zeughausstrasse 31 d-54292 trier germany e-mail : fran2801 @ pcmail . uni-trier . de
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 1348,""Subject: re : big vs . large , et al
  
  i would appreciate any thoughts on any differences in meaning between big and large as well as small and little . i am attempting a monosemic approach ( at the insistance of the professor ) which maintains that each word must have one meaning . we tell esl students that they mean the same thing , yet we constantly correct their choices because they do n't use the right one . how can we tell them to use the right one if we can't tell them what the right one is ? any answers or thoughts on the subject would be appreciated . my email address is browndeb @ aol . com , or if you think anyone else would be interested , the multiple recipients address [ linguist @ tamvm1 . tamu . edu ] is good . thanks in advance . deborah brownstein
 "",0
 1349,""Subject: request for discourse list
  
  dear linguists i 'd like to know if there are any listservs on discourse anlysis text linguistics and pragmatics . thanks gul durmusoglu
 "",0
 1350,""Subject: discourse colloquium , final program
  
  final announcement of colloquium : discourse : linguistic , computational , and philosophical perspectives session one : friday , march 24 , 1995 , 2pm-4pm """" patterns of natural discourse """" speaker - wallace chafe , university of california , santa barbara , linguistics . discussants - scott soames , princeton university , philosophy . - lauren resnick , university of pittsburgh , learning research and development center . session chair - sarah grey thomason , university of pittsburgh , linguistics . session two : friday , march 24 , 4 : 30 - 6 : 30pm """" the need for plans in natural discourse """" speaker - johanna moore , university of pittsburgh , computer science . discussants - daniel everett , university of pittsburgh , linguistics . - julia hirschberg , at&t bell laboratories , computer science . session chair - martha pollack , university of pittsburgh , computer science . * * * * * * * * * * saturday , march 25 , 9-10am - continental breakfast session three : saturday , march 25 , 10am-noon """" intonation and information in spoken discourse """" speaker - mark steedman , university of pennsylvania , computer science . discussants - ellen prince , university of pennsylvania , linguistics . - nicholas asher , university of texas , philosophy . session chair - gerald massey , university of pittsburgh , center for philosophy of science . session four : saturday , march 25 , 2-4pm """" the cognitive bases of functional interaction in discourse """" speaker - russell tomlin , university of oregon , linguistics . discussants - candy sidner , lotus development corporation , computer science . - clark glymour , carnegie mellon university , philosophy . session chair - john haugeland , university of pittsburgh , philosophy . session five : saturday , march 25 , 4 : 30 - 6 : 30pm """" the structure of discourse """" speaker - jerry r . hobbs , sri , computer science discussants - michael rochemont , university of british columbia , linguistics . - peter machamer , university of pittsburgh , history & philosophy of science . session chair - kurt van lehn , university of pittsburgh , psychology . banquet : saturday , march 25 8pm - 9 : 30pm . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * sunday , march 26 , 9-10am - continental breakfast session six : sunday , march 25 , 10am - noon """" where lexical semantics and discourse semantics meet """" speaker - hans kamp , university of stuttgart , philosophy . discussants - bob carpenter , carnegie mellon university , computational linguistics . - megan moser , university of pittsburgh , linguistics . session chair - wilfried sieg , carnegie mellon university , philosophy . session seven : sunday , march 25 , 1 : 30 - 3 : 30pm """" anaphoric destressing and ellipsis """" speaker - edwin williams , princeton university , linguistics . discussants - robert brandom , university of pittsburgh , philosophy . - barbara dieugenio , carnegie mellon university , computational linguistics . session chair - nuel belnap , university of pittsburgh , philosophy . organizers : daniel everett and sarah grey thomason * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * there are no registration fees for this conference . to receive hotel information , maps , etc . please write to dan everett ( dever @ isp . pitt . edu ) or send a letter to university of pittsburgh , center for philosophy of science , 817 cathedral of learning , pittsburgh , pa 15260 . there will be a $ 20 . 00 charge to those wishing to attend the banquet on saturday night ( $ 10 . 00 for students ) .
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 1351,""Subject: isfc95 computational section
  
  announcement - - - - - - - - - - - - computational section / workshop at the 22nd international systemic - functional congress beijing , china 18-22 july 1995 the involvement of systemic functional linguistics in computational applications has grown to a point at which it would be beneficiary to take stock of the various ongoing activities . there are a number of interesting problems that arise if one uses systemic functional theory for natural language processing ( nlp ) . the goal of the section is to give researchers using systemic functional theory ( or aspects of it ) for nlp applications a chance to talk about issues of common interest , introduce their approaches to particular problems and ( perhaps ) work out solutions together . the idea is to organize the section as a mixture of talks and extensive discussions . if it turns out that there are some really burning issues , it is also possible to have workshops tailored to particular topics . if you are interested in participating - please fill in the attached form and e-mail it back to me ( teich @ darmstadt . gmd . de ) . - if you want to give a talk or introduce a topic for discussion or for a workshop , please e-mail an abstract of about 1 - 2 pages to me ( teich @ darmstadt . gmd . de ) . the abstract should include a title , your name and affiliation , a list of references and an indication of what it is intended as ( talk , topic for discussion or workshop ) . please send the abstract also , if you have already sent an abstract to the general call for papers of isfc95 . also , if you can think of anybody else who would be interested in participating , please forward this mail to them . the deadline for submissions and suggestions is the 15th of february 1995 . for general information about the conference please send mail to : egterenc @ hkpcc . hkp . hk - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - name : affiliation : address ( inlcuding e-mail ) : topics i work on : topics i would like to discuss : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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 1352,""Subject: semantics and ling . theory 5 - program
  
  preliminary program : semantics and linguistic theory 5 ( salt 5 ) university of texas at austin , february 24 - 26 , 1995 flawn academic center , 4th floor conference fees : $ 35 , $ 25 for students . please make checks payable to the university of texas at austin . rooms have been reserved in the driskill hotel in downtown austin , phone ( 512 ) 474-5911 . please mention that you take part in the salt conference in order to get the special rate of $ 65 single , $ 75 double room . in case you are looking for someone to share a double room , please send us an e-mail with your name and address before january 15 ; we will then send you the list of persons that are looking for a room mate as well . further information : dept . of linguistics university of texas at austin austin , tx 78712-1196 ligk417 @ utxvms . cc . utexas . edu nasher @ bertie . la . utexas . edu ( please note that we will check e-mail only sporadically between december 24 and january 16 . ) ( names of invited speakers appear in capitals ) thursday , february 23 : 8-11 registration and get - together in the driskill hotel friday , february 24 : 8 - 9 registration 9-10 ray jackendoff , brandeis university : """" the conceptual structure of intending and volitional action """" 10-10 . 40 jost zwarts , utrecht university : """" the semantics of relative position """" 10 . 40-11 break 11-11 . 40 alex lascarides , university of edinburgh , ann copestake , stanford university : """" the pragmatics of word meaning """" 11 . 40-12 . 20 anatoli strigin , max planck group """" structural grammar """" , berlin : """" abductive inference during update : the german preposition ' with ' """" 12 . 20 - 1 . 30 lunch 1 . 30 - 2 . 10 claudia maienborn , humboldt university , berlin : """" towards a compositional semantics for locative modifiers """" 2 . 10 - 2 . 50 giulia centineo , ucsc / ucb : """" the distribution of the clitic 's i ' in italian transitive / inchoative pairs """" 2 . 50 - 3 . 10 break 3 . 10 - 3 . 50 robin schafer , ucsc / ucsd : """" the slp / ilp distinction in ' have ' predication """" 3 . 50 - 4 . 30 chris barker , university of rochester : """" episodic ' - ee ' in english """" 4 . 30 - 4 . 50 break 4 . 50 - 5 . 30 friederike moltmann , cuny : """" deriving readings of part structure modifiers """" 5 . 30 - 6 . 30 arnim von stechow , university of tuebingen : """" the proper representation of tense """" saturday , february 25 : 9-10 stanley peters , stanford university : tba 10-10 . 40 satoshi tomioka , university of massachusetts at amherst : """" focus restricts scope : quantifier in vp ellipsis """" 10 . 40-11 break 11-11 . 40 jan lerner , manfred pinkal , university of saarbruecken : """" comparative ellipsis and variable binding """" 11 . 40-12 . 20 toshiyuki ogihara , university of washington , seattle : """" non - factual ' before ' and adverbs of quantification """" 12 . 20 - 1 . 30 lunch 1 . 30 - 2 . 10 jeroen groenendijk , university of amsterdam : """" definite descriptions in update semantics """" 2 . 10 - 2 . 50 reinhard blutner , max planck group """" structural grammar """" , berlin : """" ' normality ' in update semantics """" 2 . 50 - 3 . 10 break 3 . 10 - 3 . 50 yoad winter , ots , utrecht : """" syncategorematic conjunction and structured meanings """" 3 . 50 - 4 . 30 daniel buering , university of cologne : """" the great scope inversion conspiracy """" 4 . 30 - 5 . 00 business meeting 5 . 30 excursion to the salt lick restaurant , hays county ( texas bbq ) sunday , february 26 : 9-10 veneeta dayal , rutgers university : """" licensing ' any ' in non - modal / non - negative contexts """" 10-10 . 40 eric jackson , university of groningen : """" negative polarity and general statements """" 10 . 40-11 break 11-11 . 40 maria uribe - echevarria , uci : """" negative polarity licensing , indefinites , and complex preciates """" 11 . 40-12 . 20 utpal lahiri , uci : """" on negative polarity items in hindi """" alternates : anastasia giannakidou , university of groningen : """" subjunctive , habituality , and the licensing of polarity items """" polly jacobson , brown university : """" on apparent exceptions to weak crossover in a variable - free semantics """" ( one other alternate paper )
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 1353,""Subject: affirmative 'd o '
  
  i am working on a construction in a cape town dialect that involves the use of unstressed 'd o ' in affirmative contexts : e . g . ' i did go to the hall yesterday ' . no contrastive pre-supposition is intended ; speakers appear to be simply highlighting a 's alient ' activity ( there are present tense parallels too ) . although this is traditionally believed to be a ' contact ' feature of cape town english , it sounds to me rather like a relic from early modern standard english , reinforced by natural ( second language ) acquisition . the form does occur ( though possibly with different pragmatics ) in child language acquisition ( i have sporadic & unsystematic examples from britain ) ; but is soon weeded out of the grammar . question : does anyone know of any dialect ( any l1 or l2 form of english ; child language , early interlanguage etc . ) that has something similar ? ( i am familiar with early modern standard and earlier forms of 'd o ' ; with affirmative 'd o ' in ireland and the south - west of england - the pragmatics there are different , incidentally : ' habitual ' is not a function associated with the cape town dialect . ) thanks : raj mesthrie dept of linguistics university of cape town raj @ beattie . uct . ac . za
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 1354,""Subject: reduplicative constructions and polarity
  
  moravscik ( in greenberg 's language universals ) notes that reduplicative constructions that do not fulfill a purely grammatical function usually intensifies the base morpheme . sometimes , though , it may actually have the exact opposite function : it de-intensifies the base morpheme . i am interested in the connection between this process and the process by which the literal message of a sarcastic utterance assumes the exact opposite meaning by means of a conceptually similar feature : exaggeration ( of , say , amplitude , duration , pitch , or clarity ) . does anyone know of any further research on this particular phenomenon ? any speculations ? perhaps there is an intimate connection here with the polarity-based cognitive mapping givon ( in negation in language : pragmatics , function , ontology ) proposed ? sincerely , anders lars anders joensson macalester college email : ljonsson @ macalstr . edu
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 1355,""Subject: re : 6 . 39 have ) of
  
  it seems to me that the use of have + simple past is rapidly increasing in the u . s . it 's showing up now in newspapers and on television , and , perhaps most tellingly , in the speech of acquaintances who i am sure did not have it a few years ago . my first thought was that this had something to do with the have ) of reanalysis , but i have now heard too many instances of emphatic """" have """" to believe this . examples such as """" even if he had went earlier , . . . """" abound . i find these examples easy to spot because i still wince whenever i hear one .
 "",0
 1356,""Subject: c - insertion
  
  can anyone guide me to material documenting insertion of consonsants to break up impermissible vowel clusters , in which the choice of consonant is not conditioned by the nature of its surrounding vowels ? i ' m thinking , for example , of glides between non-high vowels , or relicts of consonants that were once there historically , but are no longer considered underlyingly present in the basic form of the word . thanks for any help . james kirchner
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 1357,""Subject: markedness - - bibliography
  
  dear list , a couple of months ago i posted a request concerning bibliography on markedness . now , after i have written my paper , i can present a list of referenses on markedness for those who are interested in it . bibliography bardovi - harlig , k . ( 1987 ) . markedness and salience in second-language acquisition . language learning , 37 ( 3 ) , 385-407 . battistella , e . l . ( 1990 ) . markedness : the evaluative superstructure of language . albany : state university of new york press . benson , b . ( 1986 ) . the markedness differential hypothesis : implications for vietnamese speakers of english . in f . r . eckman , e . a . moravcsik & j . r . wirth ( eds . ) , markedness ( pp . 271-289 ) . new york : plenum press . birdsong , d . ( 1989 ) . metalinguistic performance and interlinguistic competence . berlin : springer - verlag . broselow , e . ( 1988 ) . second language acquisition . in j . newmeyer ( ed . ) , linguistics : the cambridge survey . vol . iii . language : psychological and biological aspects . ( pp . 194-209 ) . cambridge : cambridge university press . cook , v . j . ( 1988 ) . chomsky 's universal grammar : an introduction . oxford , uk : basil blackwell . croft , w . ( 1990 ) . typology and universals . cambridge : cambridge university press . eckman , f . ( 1977 ) . markedness and the contrastive analysis hypothesis . language learning , 27 ( 2 ) , 315-330 . eckman , f . ( 1985 ) . the markedness differential hypothesis : theory and applications . in wheatley , b . , hastings , a . , eckman , f . r . , bell , l . , krukar , g . & r . rutkovski ( eds . ) , current approaches to second language acquisition . proceedings of the 1984 university of wisconsin - milwaukee linguistic symposium ( pp . 3-21 ) . bloomington , indiana : indiana university linguistic club . eckman , f . ( 1988 ) . typological and parametric views on universals in second language acquisition . in s . flynn & o'neil , w . ( eds . ) , linguistic theory in second language acquisition , ( pp . 417-429 ) . dordrecht : kluwer academic publishers . eckman , f . , bell , l . & nelson , d . ( 1988 ) . on the generalization of relative clause instruction in the acquisition of english as a second language . applied linguistics , 9 ( 1 ) , 1-20 . ellis , r . ( 1994 ) . the study of second language acquisition . oxford : oxford university press . eubank , l . ( 1991 ) . introduction : universal grammar in the second language . in l . eubank ( ed . ) , point counterpoint : universal grammar in the second language , ( pp . 1-48 ) . amsterdam : john benjamins publishing company . flynn , s . and o'neil , w . ( 1988 ) . introduction . in s . flynn & o'neil , w . ( eds . ) , linguistic theory in second language acquisition ( pp . 1-24 ) . dordrecht : kluwer academic publishers . gair , j . w . ( 1988 ) . kinds of markedness . in s . flynn & o'neil , w . ( eds . ) , linguistic theory in second language acquisition ( pp . 225-250 ) . dordrecht : kluwer academic publishers . gass , s . ( 1982 ) . from theory to practice . in hines , m . & rutherford , w . ( eds . ) , on tesol ' 81 ( pp . 129-139 ) . washington , dc . : teachers of english to speakers of other languages . greenberg , j . h . ( 1966 ) . language universals : with special reference to feature hierarchies . the hague : mouton . haegmann , l . ( 1991 ) . introduction to government and binding theory . oxford , uk : basil blackwell . jakobson , r . and waugh , l . r . ( 1987 ) . the sound shape of language . berlin : mouton de gruyter . liceras , j . m . ( 1985 ) . the role of intake in the determination of learners ' competence . in s . gass and c . madden ( eds . ) , input in second language acquisition . rowley , ma : newbury house . liceras , j . m . ( 1988a ) . syntax and stylistics : more on the pro-drop parameter . in j . pankhurst , m . sharwood smith & p . v . buren ( eds . ) , learnability and second languages : a book of readings ( pp . 71-93 ) . dordrecht : foris publications . liceras , j . m . ( 1988b ) . l2 learnability : delimiting the domain of core grammar as distinct from the marked periphery . in s . flynn & o'neil , w . ( eds . ) , linguistic theory in second language acquisition , ( pp . 199-224 ) . dordrecht : kluwer academic publishers . mazurkewich , i . ( 1984 ) . the acquisition of the dative alteration by second language learners and linguistic theory . language learning , 34 , 91-109 . mazurkewich , i . ( 1988 ) . the acquisition of infinitive and gerund complements by second language learners . in s . flynn & o'neil , w . ( eds . ) , linguistic theory in second language acquisition , ( pp . 127-143 ) . dordrecht : kluwer academic publishers . moravcsik , e . & wirth , j . ( 1986 ) . markedness - an overview . in f . r . eckman , e . a . moravcsik & j . r . wirth ( eds . ) , markedness ( pp . 1-11 ) . new york : plenum press . myers - scotton , c . ( 1993 ) . social motivations for code-switching : evidence from africa . oxford : clarendon press . phinney , m . ( 1987 ) . the pro-drop parameter in second language acquisition . in t . roeper & e . williams ( eds . ) , parameter setting ( pp . 221-238 ) . dordrecht : d . reidel publishing company . rutherford , w . e . ( 1982 ) . markedness in second language acquisition . language learning , 32 ( 1 ) , 85-108 . rutherford , w . e . ( 1988 ) . grammatical theory and l2 acquisition : a brief overview . in s . flynn & o'neil , w . ( eds . ) , linguistic theory in second language acquisition , ( pp . 404-416 ) . dordrecht : kluwer academic publishers . safir , k . ( 1987 ) . comments on wexler and manzini . in t . roeper & e . williams ( eds . ) , parameter setting ( pp . 77-89 ) . dordrecht : d . reidel publishing company . trubetzkoy , n . s . ( 1975 ) . letters and notes ( pp . 162-163 ) . the hague : mouton . wexler , k . & manzini , m . r . ( 1987 ) . parameters and learnability in binding theory . in t . roeper & e . williams ( eds . ) , parameter setting ( pp . 41 - 76 ) . dordrecht : d . reidel publishing company . white , l . ( 1986 ) . markedness and parameter setting : some implications for a theory of adult second language acquisition . in f . r . eckman , e . a . moravcsik & j . r . wirth ( eds . ) , markedness ( pp . 309-327 ) . new york : plenum press . white , l . ( 1987 ) . a note on phinney . in t . roeper & e . williams ( eds . ) , parameter setting ( pp . 239-246 ) . dordrecht : d . reidel publishing company . white , l . ( 1988a ) . universal grammar and language transfer . in j . pankhurst , m . sharwood smith & p . v . buren ( eds . ) , learnability and second languages : a book of readings ( pp . 36 - 60 ) . dordrecht : foris publications . white , l . ( 1988b ) . island effects in second language acquisition . in s . flynn & o'neil , w . ( eds . ) , linguistic theory in second language acquisition , ( pp . 144-172 ) . dordrecht : kluwer academic publishers . white , l . ( 1989 ) . universal grammar and second language acquisition . amsterdam / philadelphia : john benjamins publishing company . white , l . ( 1992 ) . universal grammar : is it just a new name for old problems ? in s . gass & l . selinker ( eds . ) , language transfer in language learning ( 217-232 ) . amsterdam / philadelphia : john benjamins publishing company . wolfe quintero , k . ( 1992 ) . learnability and the acquisition of extraction in relative clauses and wh-questions . ssla , 14 , 39-70 . zobl , h . ( 1983 ) . markedness and the projection problem . language learning , 33 ( 3 ) , 293-313 . zobl , h . ( 1988 ) . configurationality and the subset principle : the acquisition of v1 by japanese learners of english . in j . pankhurst , m . sharwood smith & p . v . buren ( eds . ) , learnability and second languages : a book of readings ( pp . 116-131 ) . dordrecht : foris publications . zobl , h . ( 1994 ) . markedness aspects of case-marking in l1 french - l2 english interlanguage . unpublished manuscript . i also would like to express my gratitude to all my correspondents . many thanks to linguist @ tamsun . tamu . edu jane edwards ( edwards @ cogsci . berkeley . edu ) mihoko kubota kubota @ stc . ipa . go . jp eva mendieta - lombardo emendiet @ iunhaw1 . iun . indiana . edu natasha artemeva ( nartemev @ ccs . carleton . ca )
 "",0
 1358,""Subject: 200
  
  summary on reduplication a month before christmas ( in linguist vol-5 - 1354 ) i sent out a query about * reduplication * and how this strategy is grammaticalized in languages to convey some facet of * intensification * . this is a summary based on the 45 replies i received from linguist netters . allow me to thank you all collectively now , since i will not be referring to single respondents in the following discussion . the topic of reduplication interests me because i am writing on my phd on repetition with respect to intensification and iconicity in swedish . the point of departure in the original query were the claims found in lakoff & johnson ( metaphors we live by ; 1980 ) according to which reduplication may indicate : - plural or collective - intensification or increase - continuation or completion - diminution thus , ' more ' of physical linguistic ' form ' corresponds to ' more ' in the ' content ' of the reduplicated expression as opposed to a non-reduplicated form - - as an instance of diagrammatic iconicity ( or as a realization of the * conduit * metaphor in the terms of lakoff & johnson ) . there are reflections of the outlined principles in colloquial english in expressions like ' an old old man ' , ' the music got louder and louder ' , 's he talks talks talks ' , ' the ball bounced and bounced ' , ' there 's forms forms forms forms ' , ' it was sinking down down ' , etc . i originally mentioned , however , that these structures were * marked * in a language like english . the choice of words was perhaps not so lucky . what i meant by """" marked """" is that even if we may think that such expressions are frequent in casual speech , they are rare in more constrained contexts . a less marked way of intensifying would probably be to use a specific intensifier or quantifier , e . g . ' a very old man ' , ' talks a lot ' . i hope no one will be offended by this simplistic analysis , it is only leading us a bit beside the point . ( for a comprehensive account on """" repetition in english """" , see persson 1974 , univ . of uppsala , sw . ) i was in my query more after pointers to and examples of languages where reduplication as a means of * intensification * is an integrated , so to speak , a standard characteristic of the grammar . this was also , more or less , what i got . i will summarize the outcome in the following ; i am aware of that in most instances the """" facts """" are probably subject to qualification , but for the sake of clarity & brevity i will lay the examples ahead in a rather list-like manner . furthermore , the examples certainly represent only a sample of the languages in the world that have incorporated reduplication in their system . note that i have left out - - in order to make it all more illustrative - - possible tone marks and diacritics of the transliteration . 1 . plural or collective * in malay / bahasa ( indonesia ) , full word reduplication turns singular to plural : anak ' child ' anak-anak ' children ' * in nahuatl ( or """" aztec """" ) , prefixed reduplication with nouns conveys a plural meaning : cih-tli ' hare ' ( where ' cih - ' is the stem ) ci : cih-tli pl . - - moreover , there are no structurally distinct adjectives in nahuatl but certain """" adjectival """" suffixes that can take on a plural notion via reduplication : - pi : l diminutive suffix - pipi : l plural * hausa is cited to have reduplication in the formation of plurals of a limited set of nouns . * in japanese , reduplication may turn a noun to a collective , but the scope of this strategy is said to be marginal : hito ' person ' hitobito ' people ' kami ' god ' kamigami ' gods ' * in mandarin ( chinese ) , reduplication turns singular to collective ( but this is said to be rare ) : ren ' person ' renren ' people ' - - moreover , both in mandarin and cantonese * classifier * items may be reduplicated to convey """" universal quantification """" in contrast to more unique reference . this fits readily in the notion of intensification ( or augmentation ) : ge ren ' a person ' ( mandarin ) ge ge ren ' every person ' douh ' place , there ' ( cantonese ) douh-douh ' everywhere ' * dakotan patterns plurals of stative intransitive verbs with reduplication . this is said only to apply to instances with inanimate subjects though . north american languages in general may be of interest when considering reduplication but i am short of examples at present . following languages were mentioned in the replies , though : klamath , nez perce , sahaptin . 2 . intensification or increase * mandarin chinese intensifies adjectives with reduplication : xiao 's mall ' xiaoxiao ' very small ' gaoxing ' happy ' gaogaoxingxing ' very happy ' as you notice , with disyllabic adjectives the reduplication pattern is aabb . - - cantonese also uses reduplication for augmentation or emphasis . * turkish is , apparently , a point in case . reduplication of adjectives indicates intensification or increase in the following way : temiz ' clean ' tertemiz ' very clean ' dolu ' full ' dopdolu ' very full ' bos ' empty ' bosbos ' completely empty ' here we have prefixed reduplication accompanied with a binding consonant . interestingly , there do not seem to be """" rules """" for which binding consonant should be inserted in a given case . * hausa is cited to use reduplication in the intensification of adjectives . * celtic languages have full word reduplication to indicate intensification . the method is reminiscent of the case of english , but it may be more """" integrated """" in the grammar of the celtic ( are there any opinions about this ? ) . could the celtic model have influenced germanic languages so that we still today have rather similar reduplication in the colloquial registers ( just my own modest idea . . . ) ? here are some examples provided by netters : - - welsh : ty bach bach ' a very small house ' oglau cryf cryf ' a very strong smell ' - - gaelic : fada fada ' very long ' trua trua ' very pity ' - - breton : braz-braz ' very tall ' this is said to be common especially in negative sentences . * in colloquial russian reduplication / repetition of adj 's / adv 's has likewise an intensifying function . the use is probably stylistically similar to repetition in colloquial english , but it is said to be limited to * predicate * adjectives : belyj-belyj ' very white ' tixo-tixo ' very quietly ' * it was also pointed that finnish has prefixed reduplication in some intensified adjectival forms . this is true , indeed , but - - what it seems - - wholly lexicalized and non-productive . in any case , here are some examples i and my colleague enjoyed coming up with : taysi ' full ' ( umlaut a ) tapo-taysi ' completely full ' ( uml . a 's & o ) tyhja ' empty ' ( uml . a ) typo-tyhja ' compl . empty ' ( uml . a 's & o ) puhdas ' clean ' puti-puhdas ' compl . clean ' uusi ' new ' upo-uusi ' brand new ' pinta 's urface ' piri-pinta ' right on the surface ' suomalainen ' finnish ' supi-suomalainen ' purely finnish ' yksin ' alone ' ypo-yksin ' compl . alone ' ( uml . o ) tiessaan ' lost ' ( uml . a 's ) tipo-tiessaan ' compl . lost ' ( uml . a 's & o ) the prefixed items ' tapo ' , ' typo ' , ' tipo ' , 's upi ' , ' puti ' , ' piri ' , ' upo ' , ' ypo ' do not seem to mean anything , at least for the speakers today . it seems that the first vowel or the pair first consonant & vowel of the stem are reduplicated with a binding syllable that most often has a ' p ' and a vowel , e . g . : ta-po - taysi , ty-po - tyhja , u-po - uusi , y-po - yksin could this have been productive in some earlier stage of the language ? * finally , in classical ( only ? ) greek a small number of * verbs * may have reduplication to communicate some sort of intensifying , expressive or affective notions : pam-phain - ei ' it shines brightly ' ( ( * phan-phan - j-ei ) 3 . continuation or completion reduplication is , evidently , often used in the formation of present , progressive or perfective . i take here the view that present or progressive forms combine with * continuation * , whereas perfective forms communicate * completion * . it was nice to discover that """" classical """" linguistic tradition can offer fitting data here . it feels appropriate to begin with these examples . - - - * in sanskrit , the perfect stem is formed by reduplication : budh - ' know ' bubodh - perf . jan - ' born ' jajan - perf . aorist ( ' true perfect ' ) roots may also be formed by a kind of reduplication : jan - ajijana - ( aor . ) in addition , present stems may be formed by reduplication : bhii - 'd rink ' bibhii - pres . * classical greek uses partial reduplication , i . e . prefixation of the initial consonant of a verb plus the vowel ' e ' , in stems for perfect tenses : le-lu - k-a ' i have freed ' pe-poie : - k-a ' i have made ' ge-grap - tai ' it has been written ' if the root begins with a vowel , the vowel is augmented . furthermore , some common verbs take reduplication in their * present * tense ; the initial consonant is reduplicated with the vowel ' i ' : di-do : - mi ' i give / am giving ' gi-gno - mai ' i am becoming ' ti-the : - mi ' i am placing ' ( ( * thi-the : - mi ) * in latin , perfect forms may involve reduplication : curro ' run ' cucurri perf . - - - let us then go over to more living languages . * in hausa , reduplication applied to verbs in two different ways expresses completion or continuity respectively . modified suffixed reduplication gives an idea of * completed * action : cika ' fill ' cikakke compl . jefa ' throw ' jefaffe compl . prefixed reduplication communicates """" something like continuity """" , as expressed by the respondent : buga ' beat ' bubbuga ' keep on beating ' kira ' call ' kikkira ' call various people ' * in tagalog ( philippines ) , reduplication distinguishes * imperfective * actions from perfective : bili root of ' buy ' bibili irrealis imperfective upo root of 's it ' uupo irr . imp . kuha root of ' get ' kukuha irr . imp . some scholars call irrealis perfective * completed * aspect and irrealis imperfective * contemplated * aspect . this makes sense , since irrealis imperfective ' bibili ' seems to translate to ' will buy ' . * in wailevu / fijian ( austronesia ) , reduplication is used in so called """" object defocusing """" that involves repetition of the action and a progressive marker : au xau-ta na agone ' i carry the child ' au xau-xau jixo ' i ' m carrying now ' au dola-va na xaatuba ' i open the window ' au dola-dola jixo ' i ' m opening now ' moreover , in this language adjectives may be derived from verbs through reduplication . even if noted to be """" not productive """" , the process is fascinating : sava-ta ' wash - tr ' sava-sava - a ' clean ' the adjective could be understood to represent * completed * action , the result , in a way very similar to how the perfect participle works in , say , germanic : she has washed the cloth . - - ) a washed cloth * in nahuatl ( """" aztec """" ) , reduplication may affect the meaning of a verb in several ways . - - an action carried out in a """" systematic """" ( progressive ? ) way : tequi base for ' to slice ' or ' to hack ' te : tequi 's lice / carve something ' cho : ca ' weep ' cho : cho : ca ' weep continuously ' - - of the same base verbs , an action carried out in a """" random """" ( involving repetition ? ) way : tehtequi ' hack something up ' chohcho : ca ' to sob ' - - furthermore , reduplication may be recursive ( e . g . of ' weep continuously ' & 's ob ' respectively ) : cho : cho : cho : ca chohchohcho : ca - - verbs with certain morphologic characteristic may take on reduplication to indicate * repeated action * : tzili : ni ' make a metallic sound ' tzttzilica ' jingle ' tzitzilitza ' make something jingle ' * in afrikaans , reduplication applied to some verbs seems give a progressive idea : hy loop eet-eet ' he eats continuously while walking ' 4 . diminution there are not many examples of * diminution * in the total of replies . in a sense , the process of """" making something smaller """" could possibly go under the more general strategy of * intensification or increase * ( although it is literally about """" decrease """" ) . nevertheless , there were a couple of possibly fitting cases : * cantonese may use reduplication to convey * diminution * or * moderation * . * it was pointed that english ( ! ) has some """" diminutive """" reduplication in formations like ' itsy-bitsy ' , ' eensie - weensie ' , ' teeny-tiny ' . these carry the content ' very small ' , but they belong merely to the child-speak register . in any case , the examples are diagnostic of the diminutive case . 5 . other there are uses of reduplication that go beyond the suggested four categories above . with some restraint , some of these could perhaps be seen as slight offsprings of the more general principle of marking * plurality * . i do not go into detailed examples but mention some most common semantic categories : - - distributive reduplication : presupposes two or more referents that are taken separately ( type : ' one by one ' ) - - reflexive notions go naturally hand in hand with distributive ( type : ' one another ' ) - - the so called * delimitative aspect * , i . e . 'd oing something for a while ' , in mandarin and cantonese does not at first seem to fit in * continuity * or * completion * . however , the semantics of the delimitative aspect is said to encompass """" implied repetition """" : tai-tai ' take a look at ' ( cant . ) chang-chang ' have a taste ' ( man . ) shi-shi ' have a go ' ( man . ) what would seem logical to me is that a casual , temporally short action like ' take a look ' reaches its termination quicker than standard ' looking ' . i do n't know if this kind of an implicit sense of """" rapid completion """" could be the motivation of this reduplication ? - - - then there are numerous instances of reduplication that communicate * contrastive emphasis * . these do not necessarily combine with the above functional categories at all . the motivation of such reduplication is merely to * make a point * clearer . the ( american ) english """" double """" is a seemingly nice example of this : shall we rent a car car , or would you rather have a jeep ? of course , emphasis is a sort of * intensification * and , thus , it touches the theme of our discussion . * * * * now i think it 's time to close this rather lengthy summary . thanks for reading it . if you would like to add something to the discussion - - like comment on my suggestions - - , feel free to e-mail ( or snailmail ) the """" stuff """" directly to me . ( for literature , see below ) all the best for 1995 , - jan . jan lindstrom dept . of scandinavian languages pb 4 00014 helsinki university finland - - - literature in the end , i will give some bibliographic hints that were pointed to me ( sorry , the order is random ) : martin , samuel e . 1988 . a reference grammar of japanese . tuttle . tai , james . 1993 . iconicity : motivations in chinese grammar . in principles and prediction : the analysis of natural language , ed . by mushira eid & gregory iverson . benjamins . 153-174 . whitney , william dwight . 1896 . a sanskrit grammar . ( e . g . ) harvard university press . carnochan , j . c . 1957 . gemination in hausa . in studies in linguistic analysis , special vol . of the philological society . blackwell . schachter & otanes . 1972 . grammar of tagalog . university of california . moravcsik , edith a . 1978 . reduplicative constructions . in universals of human language , vol . 3 . word structure . ed . by j . h . greenberg et al . stanford university press . 297-334 . davis , stuart . 1988 . on the nature of internal reduplication . in hammond & noonan ( eds . ) , theoretical morphology : approaches in modern linguistics . academic press . 305-323 . li & thompson . mandarin chinese : a functional reference grammar . ( eg . pp . 28-36 ) newman , paul . 1989 . reduplicated nouns in hausa . journal of african languages and linguistics vol 8 nr 2 ( oct . ) . 115-132 . matthews & yip . 1994 . cantonese : a comprehensive grammar . routledge .
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 1359,""Subject: phonetics texts
  
  dear linguists , last month i posted a query on phonetics texts suitable for a 10 - week undergraduate course . i received many helpful responses from : chuck coker , yoshi asano , marc picard , charles read , darlene lacharite , nigel love , geoffrey nathan , steve seegmiller , don churma , frances ingemann , peter ladefoged , hal edwards , and one linguist who preferred not to be listed . thanks to all of you ! the book most often recommended is peter ladefoged 's , but others are also recommended in cases where the course is focused on the description of english only . geoff nathan pointed out that there are hypertext programs with examples stored as sound files that go with ladefoged 's text ; the edwards text has accompanying workbook , instructor 's manual and lab tapes . marc picard very kindly sent me the bibliography he gives to students in his class . i hope he does not mind that i have added to it the items referred to in the other replies i received to create the enclosed summary bibliography . call numbers are from marc 's list , and are those from libraries in montreal , for those of you lucky enough to live there . again , my thanks to all who replied ! susan meredith burt here is the combined list of references : abercrombie , david ( 1967 ) elements of general phonetics . edinburgh university press . ( vanier 3 , pe 1135 a2 1967b ) bolinger , dwight ( 1986 ) intonation and its parts : melody in spoken english . stanford university press . ( webster 4 , pe 1139 . 5 b65 1986 ) bronstein , arthur ( 1960 ) the pronunciation of american english : an introduction to phonetics . new york : appleton - century - crofts . ( vanier 3 , pe 1137 b77 1960 ) catford , j . c . ( date ? ) a practical introduction to phonetics . oxford u . p . clark , john , and colin yallop ( 1990 ) an introduction to phonetics and phonology . oxford : basil blackwell . ( webster 4 , p 217 c62 , 1990 ) cruttenden , alan ( 1994 ) gimson 's pronunciation of english . london : edward arnold . crystal , david . 1991 . a dictionary of linguistics and phonetics , 3rd ed . cambridge , ma : blackwell . denes , peter , and elliott pinson ( 1963 ) the speech chain . bell telephone laboratories . ( webster 4 & vanier 3 , qp 306 d45 1963 ) edwards , harold t . 1992 . applied phonetics : the sounds of american english san diego , ca : singular publishing group . fromkin , victoria , and robert rodman . 1993 . an introduction to language , 5th ed . orlando , fl : harcourt brace jovanovich . jones , daniel , a . c . gimson , and susan ramsaran ( 1988 ) english pronouncing dictionary . london : j . m . dent & sons . ( webster reference , pe 1137 j55 1988 ) kent , ray & charles read ( 1992 ) . the acoustic analysis of speech . singular publishing . ladefoged , peter ( 1993 ) a course in phonetics . fort worth : harcourt brace jovanovich . ( webster 4 & vanier 3 , p 221 l2 1982 , 1975 ) laver , john ( 1994 ) principles of phonetics . cambridge : university press . ( mcgill p221 l293 1993 ) longman dictionary of american english . 1983 . white plains , ny : longman . mackay , ian . ( date ? ) the science of speech production . austin , texas : pro - ed . o'connor , j . d . ( 1980 ) phonetics . penguin books . picard , marc ( 1994 ) the comparative phonetics of english and french . montreal : concordia university . ( bookstore ) pullum , geoffrey k . , and william a . ladusaw ( 1986 ) phonetic symbol guide . university of chicago press . ( webster 4 , p 221 p85 1986 ) rogers , henry ( 1991 ) theoretical and practical phonetics . mississauga : copp clark pitman . ( mcgill p221 r64 1991 ) wells , j . c . ( 1990 ) longman pronunciation dictionary . harlow : longman . ( webster reference , pe 1137 w45 1990 ) i should point out that no one knew of a book particularly designed for 10 weeks - - how to make a course fit that time period seems to be a pedagogical problem left up to the instructor .
 "",0
 1360,""Subject: t
  
  thanks to everyone who responded to my questions about latex fonts and using linux in general . respondents were : jen hay ( jennifer . hay @ vuw . ac . nz ) mark hale ( hale1 @ husc . harvard . edu ) greg iverson ( iverson @ csd . uwm . edu ) """" james a . mcgilvray """" ( jim @ dep . philo . mcgill . ca ) michael covington ( mcovingt @ ai . uga . edu ) james magnuson ( magnuson @ hip . atr . co . jp ) uli sauerland ( sauerlan @ mit . edu ) tom green ( tmgreen @ mit . edu ) """" larry trask """" ( larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk ) ted . harding @ nessie . mcc . ac . uk ( ted harding ) """" c . a . creider """" ( creider @ julian . uwo . ca ) mark liberman ( myl @ sansom . ling . upenn . edu ) first of all , the responses clearly indicate that there exists at least two ipa fonts for latex ( see below ) . responses to my more general questions ranged from enthusiastic encouragement about using latex and linux , to fervernt wishes that i rethink my abandonment of the macintosh os , to recommendations of other operating systems and / or text-processing or dsp systems . i should perhaps have mentioned that i am already relatively familiar with bsd unix , so switching to linux will not be much of a shock in and of itself - though obviously using latex will be quite a change from a mac - based word processor . . . the score is currently : pro latex w / ipa : 7 pro linux : 4 pro mac : 1 pro nextstep : 1 anti latex : 1 and a number of somewhat mixed responses , suggesting for the most part that i remain with a mac for text processing , but work with some kind of unix environment for dsp and data processing , or that i stick with a mac for the actual sound manipulation but switch to linux for everything else . re : dsp there were at least two recommendations for signalyze for the macintosh , and two for ogi-tools for unix systems . some select quotes ( anonymously to discourage os partisanship from seeping into real life ) : """" i thoroughly recommend switching to latex . """" """" i ' m running a linux box and use latex for all professional word - processing these days . . . i have n't found anything i can't do yet . """" """" i ' ll say this for linux , compared to dos , windows , os / 2 , desqview , and windows nt ( latest versions of all ) , i ' ve been running linux for a year and a half and it has never once crashed . never . every one of those others has . """" """" gee , i hope switching from a macintosh to a linux workstation is n't too painful . . . do you really have to do this ( power macintosh machines are indeed powerful , and the word processing situation is well developed with wordperfect 3 . 1 , nisus writer 4 . 06 , others ) . """" """" while on the topic of unix instantiations of tex , you might look at nextstep instead of linux . . . next 's gui is , honestly , elegant . """" """" there are several good ipa font sets for latex , as well as a whole bunch of accents available even if you do n't use special fonts . """" """" i use latex ( both on linux and on other unixes ) for all my papers and there are a couple good packages of phonetic symbol fonts that work great with latex . """" """" first of all , i dislike latex intensely , as do most of my colleagues in linguistics . we find it uniquely user-hostile : basically , you can't change any defaults unless you have a degree in hacking . . . on the whole , then , my advice is to stay away from latex . """" """" i am a linux user , and can assure you that latex and all sorts of extensions work very well with linux . so if you can find the linguistic tools for latex you should be able to use them with linux . """" i have also had a few requests that i share the information regarding where to find latex ipa fonts : there are apparently at least two , maybe more . one is called tsipa and is from japan . another is called wsuipa , and is from washington state university . one other person mentioned a font set from waterloo , but did not give more details . tsipa is available at ftp . shsu . edu in tex-archive / fonts / tsipa a couple people mentioned the tex - for-linguists newsgroup , at listserv @ shsu . edu , but this may no longer be running . there is also a tex newsgroup , comp . text . tex for more info . thanks again to all the people who responded so quickly . i am going to give the linux / latex system a shot , and see what i can make of it . - alex afrancis @ midway . uchicago . edu alex francis ( 312 ) - 667-5432 department of linguistics afrancis @ midway . uchicago . edu university of chicago ( 312 ) 667-5432 ( home ) 1010 e . 59th st . ( 312 ) 702-9861 ( ling . dept . fax ) chicago , il 60637 ( 312 ) 702-7045 ( lang . lab )
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 1361,""Subject: sociolinguistic / dialect lists
  
  i ' m afraid my request a while ago for information on sociolinguistic or dialectological discussion groups did n't come up with much information , but this is all i know about : ads - l ( american dialect society list ) listserver : listserv @ uga . bitnet listserv @ uga . cc . uga . edu for questions , contact : maynor @ msstate ( bernard chien perro ) and comserve at : comserve @ vm . its . rpi . edu have various communication lists including : ethno for discussion of issues in ethnomethodology , conversation and discourse analysis , etc . and one on gender . for information on these send the message show hotlines to their address . but there is still a lack of a sociolinguistic / dialectological list . could someone out there set one up ? maik gibson , university of reading
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 1362,""Subject: cgsw : updated program
  
  announcing cgsw10 the 10th comparative germanic syntax workshop , organised jointly by the catholic university of brussels , and the p . j . meertens institute for dialectology ( amsterdam ) will take place in brussels on january 17-19 , 1995 . the program tuesday january 17 18 : 00 : registration and reception at conference venue : vrijheidslaan 17 , b-1080 brussels ( metro simonis ) wednesday , january 18 room a / o / 2 9 : 30 - 10 : 00 : coffee and formal opening 10 : 00 - 10 : 30 : t . taraldsen ( tromso ) case , subject-orientation and agreement in icelandic and faroese 10 : 30 - 11 : 00 : c . platzack ( lund ) forced to leave : non l - related movement in germanic v2 languages 11 : 00 - 11 : 30 : coffee 11 : 30 - 12 : 00 : j . zwarts ( utrecht ) simple and complex prepositions and p - stranding in dutch 12 : 00 - 12 : 30 : h . bennis ( leiden ) , f . beukema ( leiden ) & m . den dikken ( vu , amsterdam ) getting verb movement 12 : 30 - 14 : 00 : lunch 14 : 00 - 14 : 30 : s . barbiers ( leiden ) an antisymmetric analysis of pp extraposition 14 : 30 - 15 : 00 : t . hoekstra ( leiden ) & j . rooryck ( leiden ) dynamic and stative have 15 : 00 - 15 : 30 : e . haeberli ( geneve ) morphological case , pro and word order 15 : 30 - 16 : 00 : coffee 16 : 00 - 16 : 30 : e . - p . kester ( utrecht ) adjectival inflection and licensing conditions on null nouns 16 : 30 - 17 : 00 : e . hoekstra ( meertens , amsterdam ) & m . den dikken ( vu , amsterdam ) parasitic participles thursday , january 19 room a / o / 1 10 : 00 - 10 : 30 : j . bobaljik ( mit ) the morphological determination of germanic syntax 10 : 30 - 11 : 00 : d . buering ( koeln ) & k . hartmann ( frankfurt ) extraposition , qr , and association with focus 11 : 00 - 11 : 30 : coffee 11 : 30 - 12 : 00 : e . groat ( harvard ) overt and null expletives in germanic 12 : 00 - 12 : 30 : s . menuzzi ( leiden ) on double object constructions in icelandic 12 : 30 - 14 : 00 : lunch 14 : 00 - 14 : 30 : m . everaert ( utrecht ) binding and the inert / active distinction 14 : 30 - 15 : 00 : a . henry ( ulster ) v2 phenomena in belfast english 15 : 00 - 15 : 30 : coffee 15 : 30 - 16 : 00 : f . weerman ( utrecht ) morphological case and null case 16 : 00 - 16 : 30 : j . - w . zwart ( groningen ) the composition of auxiliaries and the placement of participles in dutch travel and hotel information : a file with travel and hotel information will be sent to you upon simple request ( e-mail or coupon below ) . registration and conference lunches : advance registration : $ 20 / bef 700 ( $ 10 / bef 350 for students ) on - site registration : $ 30 / bef 1 , 000 ( $ 20 / bef 700 for students ) advance registration can be made by sending in the coupon below , and by forwarding the required amount into postal account # 000-0536088 - 66 of ku brussel , vrijheidslaan 17 , b-1080 brussels . please mention that you are registering for cgsw10 ; do not forget to add bank charges to the above amounts . the deadline for advance registration is january 9 , 1995 . there are a number of restaurants in the immediate vicinity of the university ; however , given any sizable number of conference participants , this may lead to substantive overcrowding and consequent delays . for this reason , the organisers will arrange for a caterer to provide two lunches on the university premises . since it is vital that we should know in advance how many lunches to order , you must book your lunch in advance by sending in the coupon below . for the lunches , no advance payment is required . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cut here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - name : address : e - mail : 0 i will register on-site 0 i have transferred the registration fee in the amount of 0 bef 700 0 bef 350 ( student rate ) to postal account # 000-0536088 - 66 . 0 i want to order a conference lunch for wednesday january 18 at bef 400 0 i want to order a conference lunch for thursday january 19 at bef 400 0 please send me hotel and travel information mail , fax , or e-mail this coupon to : ku brussel cgsw10 ( g . vanden wyngaerd ) vrijheidslaan 17 b-1080 brussel belgium tel + 32 2 412 4349 fax + 32 2 412 4200 email : haaam08 @ cc1 . kuleuven . ac . be - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cut here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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 1363,""Subject: re : 6 . 44 varia : animals and who , kant and innateness
  
  david powers said : ) the whole point of science is ) to explain the phenomena we observe , and saying that """" we are born with it """" is ) not an explanation . . . . ) even given the validity of the claim , the fact begs an explanation . . . . ) linguistics has a tendency to stop at being descriptive . science always goes ) further than mere description . describing the commonality present across the ) full range of human language , in a neat , parsimonious way , is but a first step ; ) for science demands explanations : why does language have the form it does ? ) where do these universals come from ? why do we have this range of parameter ) settings ? what relationship does language have to thought ? consciousness ? ) perception ? while i agree that linguistic inquiry should push the ` explanatory ' envelop as far as it possibly can , let us not deceive ourselves into thinking that ` explanation ' , of the type david powers speaks of , is anything more than another level of description . in the ultimate sense , it remains true that science can never hope to explain anything in any essential way . it can only establish cause and effect links but cannot take these back to ultimate origin . to do so calls for an infinite wisdom that human and artificial intelligence are simply incapable of . it is reason itself which tells us this is so . to pretend it is ( or can be ) otherwise is to undermine the very tenets of reason on which we base our analysis of this world and to enter the realm of faith , unreasonably turning reason into a religion in the process . at its very best , human science can only provide us with partial explanations , which are really descriptions in disguise . perhaps this is disagreeably humbling to the ambitions of the human enterprise , but this is the conclusion that we must come to unless we abandon empirical foundations altogether and claim , as an article of faith , that humankind posseses infinite cognition . if we are not willing to accept the latter proposition , then we must recognize that the very empiricism that we adhere to in order to do science leads us to the kantian barrier beyond which reason will not take us . concommitantly , like kant , we must accept that reason , at the point where it can go no further , points us in the direction of a transcendent origin . probably david powers did not intend his remarks to project us into the realm of absolutes . but when it is a question of the philosophy of science , absolutes are not only fair game , they are essential to proper reflection . michael d . picone university of alabama mpicone @ ua1vm . ua . edu
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 1364,""Subject: re : racist linguist plot ( linguist list : vol-5 - 1467 )
  
  regarding steven schaufele 's recent posting on """" language amongst the anthropoidea , or , the racist linguist plot """" , wherein he claims never to have noticed any anti-animal """" racism """" in his training : i remember knowing about racism but not yet knowing about institutionalized racism - - wherein an institution is so permeated with racism that people are not even aware that what they say or do is racist . but let 's change the word """" racist """" to * species-ist * , since 1 ) racist does n't exactly fit cross-species issues except in the older meaning of """" human race """" , 2 ) species-ist points more clearly to our anthropocentrism , and 3 ) i no longer like to use the current concept of race because the history of its use over only the past 100 years with this particular meaning ( check the oed ) has not proven useful to me for inclusion into any explanations . dr . schaufele says , ) i certainly do n't remember anything in the introductory survey ) courses i ' ve taken myself . . . so much as hinting that it is an ) a priori assumption of the field of linguistics that language ) is the exclusive prerogative of homo sapiens . maybe the hints were all around , but never noticed . let 's next consider whether linguistics may be guilty of not overt but * covert * and institutionalized species-ism , embedded so pervasively as to be invisible to some . moonhawk 's institutionalized species - ism hypothesis predicts that unwitting species-ism will be reflected : * in textbooks through the positing of such processes as syntax and morphology ( which we claim animals do n't have ) as """" universals of language """" * in the use of metonymy ( part for whole ) to define * language * in terms of these putative universals , syntax & morphology , processes we claim only humans have , and then in calling everything else without such machinery * communication * ( which * true linguists * do n't study or publish on . ( n . b . , it 's not like you can go to a school or department of * communication * to study how animals communicate - - - so this is terminological limbo : few linguists really care what animals do ; it 's seen as irrelevant ) . * such truisms as """" there are no primitive languages """" in our intro classes - - where primitive is tacitly understood to mean """" with reduced or without the machinery of morphology & syntax """" . ( this automatically disallows what apes , cetaceans and others do from being called language , given our other claims above . ) * the omission of """" chimpanzee """" in the inventory of world 's languages * such constructs as lad ( language acquisition device ) and """" innate predisposition to language """" applied uniquely to humans . ( have you ever seen anyone positing either construct for the great apes or cetaceans ? ) * in standard theories and stories on the """" origins of language """" with exclusively human protagonists ( bow - wow and yo - he - ho theories , biblical tower of babel ) * in language acquisition classes that study primarily what humans do , with some emphasis on how humans diverge from animals just for comparison 's sake , to see how we take off developmentally from where they stop * in such phrases as """" uniquely human """" and """" social contract """" ( """" signs of the apes , songs of the whales , """" , nova , 1984 , discussing washoe 's use of asl : """" washoe has crossed the line into exclusively human territory . """" ) these are just the tip of the iceberg , off the top of the head . look around with sensitive eyes and you ' ll see the subtle signs of this species-ism everywhere . no one has to plot or say anything overtly species-ist because , given the totality of our system , animals can never break through our self-imposed cultural definitional language barrier ( as sue savage - rumbaugh so aptly notes ) . if a chimp and a child perform exactly the same behavior , the child 's is adjudged * linguistic * and the chimp 's is not , because children , unlike chimps , are said to be """" on their way to language """" ( i . e . , syntax ) . [ thanks to marilyn silva for her assistance to this point ; she thoroughly disavows any connection with what follows ! ] just so that we may see this species-ism more clearly , first a teaching i ' ve posted before , and then a brief outline for a model from a species-inclusive point of view that flows from the teaching . """" long ago , men and animals and spirits and plants all communicated in the same way . then something happened . after that , humans had to speak to each other in human speech . but we retained the old language for dreams , and for communicating with spirits , animals , and plants . """" this is what a non-species - ist ( cheyenne ) language origin story looks like - - all of nature communicating in a common way , and then * humans * moving out of that system and doing something different , the human kind of language , but remaining still connected to the original language processes whether they know it or not . wilhelm von humbolt , founder of linguistics as a university discipline , observed : """" man , regarded as an animal , belongs to one of the singing species ; but his notes are always associated with ideas . """" non - species-ist accounts are alway inclusive and evolutionary , not exclusive . and now for a model that flows naturally from the story . 1 ) we now call * language * every """" natural system """" which has utterances ( incl . sound , gesture , chemical , etc . ) combined with meaning . 2 ) we notice that as well as this sharing , humans also have differences - - different language processes that animals do n't seem to have ( morphology & syntax ) , so we call them two processes of human-specific language , the human kind of language , or just * human language * - - but we no longer designate it by merely the bare word * language * in the old exclusivist , species-ist way . this model declares that humans partake of other processes in the more inclusive * language * as well as those of specifically * human language * , so we look for similarities between humans and animals . indeed , both have motor / gestural components and spatial syntax associated with utterances and meaning , and both ( at least those with limbic systems * * * ) modulate emotions into their utterances . and , perhaps most important of the similarities , both utter idioms ! idioms are funny critters , when you think about it ; as the george foremans of the * hidden side * of linguistics - - the part of human language that does n't work by normal human language rules - - they tend to knock out every bit of morphological and syntactic machinery they encounter , not play by the rules , and consequently can help us question our culturally condoned uniqueness attitude as well . let me explain . it struck me recently , and i ' ve never encountered anyone else discussing this similarity , that the definition of idioms or formulaic speech - - utterances whose meaning cannot be pieced together from the meanings of the pieces , but must be attached to the whole utterance - - is exactly the same as the definition for any act of non-human communication you can find in the textbooks ( for bee dances , bird songs , etc . ) . in fact this definition is perhaps why non-human beings are usually said not to have ( human ) language - - because the pieces of their utterances can't be added up to make the whole meaning the way we say we can using morphology and syntax in human language . humans and animals thus intersect in * language * , in its entire evolutionary range , at most levels - - idioms , sounds , emotions , gestures ( pheromones ? ) - - and then humans only sometimes also construct new utterances from scratch . most typically we tend to use more idioms & formulaic speech with those we know well , and use it less with strangers , with whom we tend to use more formal and public speech . bees and birds and trees tend to know each other in their groups very well and can therefore be said to use idioms in their own languaging . just like us ! - - that is , unless we want to call ourselves sub-human and merely communicating , not using language , when we use idioms and formulaic speech . this move , should you accept it , irrevocably puts humans , land animals , sea creatures , trees , and maybe more , all on the same * language * map . but can these ' wild ' speculations , however evolutionarily based , actually be accomodated within a """" real """" linguistic theory ? about 15 years ago , charles fillmore was working on a unified approach i really admire ( and perhaps it 's a partial fulfillment of the reconciliation annabel cormack called for in vol-5 - 1469 on trends in lx ) , which goes something like this ( any errors are mine ) : when we are """" online """" composing / speaking , which i now must see as similar to dan slobin 's """" thinking for speaking """" mode , our process is to ' reach ' first for a handy ready-made piece of formulaic speech , and then , failing that - - lacking a ' match ' or not liking the proffered ' match ' - - we go on to construct from scratch . nature simply does n't have the further """" from scratch """" level , but shares everything to that level . fillmore 's formulation seems to fit quite nicely the picture of the evolutionary development of language ( and its synchronic effects ) that i have attempted to sketch here . ( sorry for any embarassment my use of it may have caused you , chuck ! ) the degree to which the above species-inclusive formulations may tend to disturb you quite faithfully reflects , i would guess , the degree to which you are embedded in the institutionalized species-ism so pervasive in linguistics , since these formulations are quite possibly the first truly * alternative * origins theory you have ever seen . because language and intelligence are usually linked , this more compassionate model also has the advantage of placing intelligence in nature and not so much the burden of just human beings . with this approach , linguistics could forge an academic path toward reconcilliation between western minds and nature that could provide a powerful rationale for at least slowing down , if not stopping altogether , the current ecocide , and instituting a new-though - ancient attitude of * respect * for the intelligence of nature . no linguist who sincerely wants to understand what * language * is all about can any longer afford to ignore its deeper processes in nature - - natural language , of which human natural language is an important subset . * * * anyone wishing to see how this inclusive approach further includes brainmind research - - the relevant evolution of brain structures and of brainwave rhythms - - can contact me at dalford @ s1 . csuhayward . edu . - - moonhawk ( % - ) ) ( """" the fool on the hill sees the sun going down and ) ( the eyes in his head see the world spinning round """" ) ( - - mccartney / lennon )
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 1365,""Subject: cuba
  
  in november i posted a query as to whether anyone on the list , particularly in the usa , had had any experience of , or problems with , communicating with cuban academics . only four people replied , which may in itself be significant . anyway , thanks to those four for their communications . to summarise : 1 . two people i know have been asked for offprints by linguists at havana university . 2 . there was an exhibition by some ' third world ' americans at the biennial contemporary art exhibition just held in cuba , reported in the november issue of ' new art examiner ' . 3 . some academics received last year a call for papers for an international conference in cuba including areas on speech processing , computational linguistics etc . the contact was : dr eloina miyares bermudez ( cmstg @ ceniai . cu ) . 4 . one respondent from the list told me that it is possible to e-mail cuba from the us . there is another source of information in the form of an e-mail list in spanish , espana - l @ albnyvm1 . bitnet , which is primarily a social list for people who speak spanish ( spanish is the language of the list ) and are spanish or interested in spain . the cuba-l list can be read and contributed to worldwide . on several occasions , a member has forwarded something from cuba to the list , including recently a cri de coeur quoting passages of the cuban constitution and demonstrating that it was actually a travesty . the original writer , a cuban , was very openly decrying the cuban constitution . the poster quoted por - tions of the constitution , then gave examples of how the regime flouts it to the harm of the cuban people and the self-aggrandizement of castro , the local police captain , or """" the system """" in general . that writer seemed to have no fear of retribution , as if the cuban list were the only safe place to speak up , and were indeed safe , unlike whispers in the corner bar . the correspondent finishes : """" castro can't keep cubans from speaking freely , and the us government can't keep americans from listening to or talking with the cubans . """" if anyone else wishes to comment , please forward your communications to me , and i ' ll produce another summary . paul . foulkes @ uk . ac . newcastle
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 1366,""Subject: changes in the journal language
  
  the editorial staff and offices of the journal language have been changed as of this month . articles for submission and general correspondence should be sent to the following address : mark aronoff , editor language department of linguistics suny stony brook stony brook , ny 11794-4376 , usa book reviews and all correspondence concerning reviews should be sent to the following address : edwin battistella , review editor language division of humanities wayne state college wayne , ne 68787 , usa both offices may be reached by email : main office : language . eds @ sunysb . edu review office : langrev @ wscgate . wsc . edu the main office may be reached by telephone : phone : 1-516 - 632-8003 fax : 1-516 - 632-9468
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 1367,""Subject: american dialect society
  
  thanks to anyone who answered my query about the american dialect society . respondants were : s . embleton n . maynor s . dubinsky a . faber m . bson b . kretzschmar j . sheidlower if anyone else is interested you may contact allan metcalf at : aallan @ aol . com . or you may join by writing to : ads - l @ uga . cc . uga . edu and send the message : sub ads-l the ads has also its own server : listserv @ uga . bitnet or listserv @ uga . cc . uga . edu hope that will help whoever ! thanks again , catherine caws ubc roulleau @ unixg . ubc . ca
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 1368,""Subject: conference feb , 1 - 4 msu , moscow
  
  lomonosov state university of moscow philological faculty international conference """" linguistics by the end of the xxth century : achievments and perspectives """" . february 1 - 4 , 1995 . brief program arrival of the participants : january 31 , 1995 . registration of the participants : january 31 , 15 - 20 february 1 , 9 - 10 address : 119 899 russia , moscow , vorobjovy gory , mgu , 1 - st building of the humanities . location : metro station """" universitet """" . time - limits : 30 minutes for plenary talks 20 minutes for section talks 10 minutes for reports february , 1 ( 10 . 00 - 13 . 30 ) plenary meeting , chairs : a . e . kibrik , t . a . komova ( russia ) m . l . remnyova ( russia ) , a . e . kibrik ( russia ) , p . seriot ( france ) , d . geeraerts ( belgium ) , d . gil ( singapore ) , e . s . kubryakova ( russia ) ( 15 . 00 - 18 . 30 ) section i - history of linguistics , chair : v . s . vinogradov g . p . melnikov , l . murzin , v . rudelev , z . gabunia , a . karavanov , n . bokadorova , s . auroux section ii - general problems , chair : r . m . frumkina p . parshin , d . paillard , v . gak , i . g . nosenko , li gi yun , d . cavar , g . fanselow , c . de groot , e . klobukov , v . m . pavlov section v - morphology , chair : s . p . lopushanskaya e . sidorenko , o . rudeleva , s . pravednikov , n . spatar , v . n . shmelev , g . panova , b . ostrovsky , a . l . sharandin section vii - syntax ( subsection vii , 1 ) , chair : o . a . lapteva v . s . yurchenko , s . kiselev , n . andramonova , t . volynets , s . rylov , yu . karazhayev section vii - syntax ( subsection vii , 2 ) , chair : c . v . chvany t . janko , t . agranat , r . benacchio , t . komova , l . yermolayeva , a . muzafarova , e . rudnitskaya section viii - semantics , chair : e . m . chekalina v . gurevich , b . y . gorodetsky , a . v . bondarko , l . kapralova , v . borschev , i . olshansky , i . b . shatunovsky , l . lescheva section xi - pragmatics , chair : f . a . litvin e . sidorov , g . bogin , i . susov , t . alisova , m . l . makarov , m . vsevolodova , g . neschimenko , v . zabotkina section xiii - comparative linguistics and typology , ch . : v . khrakovsky v . tomashpolsky , m . kapitan , k . krasukhin , v . degtyarev , a . v . shirokova , s . gadzhieva , a . gulmagomedov , g . klimov , s . pavidis section xiv - psycholinguistics , chair : l . v . sakharny n . lepskaya , v . belyanin , i . arkhipov , v . volkov , v . dolinsky , n . mechkovskaya , d . spivak section xvi - ethnolinguistics , chair : l . g . babenko m . krongauz , shi-xu , n . i . tolstoy , s . m . tolstaya , o . nikitin , l . andreeva , n . gaynullina february , 2 ( 9 . 40 - 13 . 30 ) plenary meeting , chair : p . seriot ( france ) f . plank ( germany ) , r . d . van valin , jr . ( usa ) , g . g . corbett ( great britain ) , f . j . newmeyer ( usa ) , v . m . alpatov ( russia ) ( 15 . 00 - 18 . 30 ) section i - history of linguistics , chair : l . n . murzin a . g . shirokova , n . bokadorova , n . rogova , a . a . zaraysky , m . belanger , v . vinogradov section ii - general problems , chair : o . g . revzina v . dem-jankov , m . k . sabaneeva , m . kosarik , l . cherneyko , o . kamenskaya , v . bogdanov , o . revzina , r . zibrova section v - morphology , chair : a . v . bondarko e . petrukhina , m . y . chertkova , yu . knyazev , l . m . lokshtanova , f . fici giusti , a . livanova , e . remchukova section vii - syntax ( subsection vii , 3 ) , chair : b . a . abramov l . sergievskaya , v . furashov , l . osipova , r . d . kuznetsova , j . birenbaum , e . fava , l . pravikova , v . lazarev section vii - syntax ( subsection vii , 4 ) , chair : n . n . kholodov zh . mokuranguolali , v . anoschenkov , sh . akhadov , van ligan , e . larina , e . kormiltseva , t . khalmuratov , s . k . bolotova , a . alnijazov section viii - semantics , chair : v . v . gurevich l . g . vasilyev , v . li , e . chekalina , s . chernova , o . a . mikhailova , e . fotyanova , v . kasevich , e . cresti section ix - lexicology and lexicography , chair : s . d . shelov a . lykov , a . khovalkina , i . sentenberg , a . polikarpov , a . zlobin , g . petrova , a . andreevskaya , a . baranov , d . dobrovolsky , m . mikhaylov , y . - f . nosovich section x - text linguistics and discourse analysis , ch . : e . paducheva s . gindin , z . turaeva , e . goncharova , v . i . yuganov , v . koneva , n . g . komlev , s . gasparyan section xi - pragmatics , chair : i . p . susov f . litvin , n . mironova , a . romanov , o . emelyanova , k . v . kiuru , o . mungalova , n . med sec . xiii - comparative linguistics and typology , ch . : v . tomashpolsky e . squires , v . khrakovsky , n . kozintseva , a . shayhulov , a . kuklin , v . a . vinogradov section xiv - psycholinguistics , chair : s . n . tseytlin t . vizel , l . v . sakharny , a . khrolenko , l . murzin , i . cherepanova , l . zabrodina , t . vediashkina , i . ovchinnikova section xv - sociolinguistics , chair : v . a . plungyan v . p . neroznak , e . grigoryan , l . chumak , m . breiter , n . gadzhiakhmedov , e . a . kondrashkina , a . gulmagomedov , v . porkhomovsky section xvi - ethnolinguistics , chair : s . m . tolstaya l . babenko , y . kazarin , v . khimik , t . g . fedotovskikh , v . d . chernyak , i . p . shishkina section xviii - computational linguistics , chair : a . n . baranov l . kolodyazhnaya , o . zvegintseva , s . lesnikov , r . m . gaisina , e . kozerenko , e . oleynikova , l . sanzharov , z . m . shalyapina , o . zagorovskaya , t . s . zevakhina section xix - linguodidactics , chair : i . m . magidova m . zadorozhny , o . polyakov , a . aminova , e . solodukho , a . nechaeva , t . b . nazarova , e . karazhayeva february , 3 ( 9 . 40 - 13 . 30 ) plenary meeting , chair : b . comrie ( usa ) b . h . partee ( usa ) , r . m . frumkina ( russia ) , j . pinto de lima ( portugal ) , l . renzi ( italy ) , a . mustajoki ( finland ) ( 15 . 00 - 18 . 30 ) section ii - general problems , chair : v . z . dem ' jankov o . lapteva , a . zelenetsky , l . buyanova , l . a . glinkina , v . bazylev , g . ushakov , i . a . kirillova , t . g . khazagerov section iv - phonetics , chair : l . v . bondarko s . kodzasov , l . v . zlatoustova , o . krivnova , r . potapova , g . bubnova , l . lebedeva , n . zinovieva section v - morphology , chair : v . m . alpatov n . boldyrev , t . kyldybekova , r . gazizova , g . gafarova , s . lopushanskaya , d . brown , e . altabayeva , s . signorini , n . tupikova , t . b . shemeleva section vi word - formation and morphophonemics , ch . : a . i . kuznetsova i . vepreva , a . hippisley , v . nemchenko , a . kretov , i . voronina , g . nikolayev , o . i . blinova , e . balalykina , e . koryakovtseva , z . kharitonchik , l . a . kuzmin , n . golev section vii - syntax ( subsection vii , 5 ) , chair : v . s . yurchenko n . kholodov , l . kovantseva , e . larina , t . lobanova , n . mozgalova , t . monina , a . smirnova , i . stepanova section vii - syntax ( subsection vii , 6 ) , chair : i . m . kobozeva c . v . chvany , a . - m . di sciullo , ch . wilder , m . yadroff , a . cardinaletti , m . starke , g . zybatov , g . ferraresi section viii - semantics , chair : b . y . gorodetsky n . b . pimenova , m . pimenova , t . v . markelova , k . bibok , m . larionova , l . a . chernova , l . isayeva , a . faktorovich , v . degtyareva , y . pinyagin section ix - lexicology and lexicography , chair : a . g . lykov s . d . shelov , s . kushneruk , m . volodina , l . shestakova , a . lipatov , e . kovalyova , e . ivanova , a . ivanov , e . v . senko , a . a . nabebin , v . v . zhilzova sec . x - text linguistics and discourse analysis , ch . : s . i . gindin l . granovskaya , l . bednarskaya , s . syatkovsky , e . v . paducheva , o . alexandrova , e . mendzheritskaya , m . bjorklund , s . gorelikov section xi - pragmatics , chair : g . p . neschimenko z . mitrofanova , v . m . arinshtein , g . g . khazagerov , o . b . chibisova , s . alekseeva , l . zybatov , o . polyak section xii - cognitive linguistics , chair : e . s . kubryakova a . cienki , j . luchjenbroers , y . pankrats , a . a . kibrik , i . m . kobozeva , a . r . armeyeva , e . r . lassan , i . b . stern section xiv - psycholinguistics , chair : n . i . lepskaya s . n . tseytlin , n . v . khalina , n . moseichuk , t . bazzhina , e . kurziner , m . voeykova , yu . krasikov , e . n . sokolov section xv - sociolinguistics , chair : v . y . porkhomovsky v . kozhemyakina , m . grachev , a . turbin , e . beregovskaya , n . maraschio , g . romanova , t . a . fesenko , s . dubinin , r . nieuweboer section xvi - ethnolinguistics , chair : v . v . khimik a . a . pushkareva , r . komarova , t . radbil , n . sulimenko , e . v . safina , n . i . sukalenko , l . gusev section xvii - minority languages , chair : v . p . neroznak a . i . kuznetsova , o . raevskaya , d . i . edelman , a . falileev , t . kluyeva , w . winter , o . kazakevich section xix - linguodidactics , chair : t . b . nazarova v . avramova , o . smirnova , a . metsa , h . vissak , e . borisova , i . morozova february , 4 ( 9 . 40 - 13 . 30 ) section ii - general problems , chair : v . g . gak n . aroutyunova , e . s . lebedeva , a . bartoshevich , n . kudrina , n . blokhina , n . kholodov , j . a . poupynin sec . iii - linguistics of the xxist century , ch . : t . m . nikolayeva a . e . kibrik , a . dulichenko , a . kretov , a . krivonosov , a . leontiev , u . a . sorokin , r . piotrovsky section iv - phonetics , chair : l . v . zlatoustova m . raevsky , c . sappok , v . lublinskaya , l . v . bondarko , l . zubkova , p . skrelin , v . i . kuznetsov section v - morphology , chair : e . v . klobukov d . yelovkov , n . d . kruchinkina , m . vezerova , e . siverina , o . romanova , a . kopeliovich , v . kulpina , l . vanelli section vii - syntax ( subsection vii , 7 ) , chair : y . g . birenbaum e . grigor ' yan , v . sergeeva , a . jioeva , s . postnikova , a . m . chepasova section vii - syntax ( subsection vii , 8 ) , chair : n . a . andramonova l . bogdanova , b . abramov , a . vlasova , g . k . khamzina , s . kabanova section ix - lexicology and lexicography , chair : v . p . belyanin n . alefirenko , t . z . cherdantseva , i . butenko , v . didkovskaya , o . y . mashina , a . zhukov , e . e . ivanov , a . khusnutdinov , v . a . kuzmenkova sec . x text linguistics and discourse analysis , ch . : o . v . alexandrova v . lo cascio , yu . zotov , v . krasnykh , v . medvedkin , l . luzina , z . karmanova , b . v . krivenko , e . nizhegorodova , m . subbotina section xii - cognitive linguistics , chair : y . g . pankrats m . moneglia , m . riabova , l . grishayeva , g . g . gizdatov , l . shelyakhovskaya , a . abdulfanova , e . v . pokrovskaya , v . plungyan , e . rakhilina ( 15 . 00 - 19 . 00 ) plenary meeting , chair : g . corbett ( great britain ) , j . s . gruber ( canada ) , b . comrie ( usa ) , j . van der auwera ( belgium ) , c . lehmann ( germany ) , t . nikolayeva ( russia )
 "",0
 1369,""Subject: 
  
  syntax marcus maia . the comprehension of object anaphora in brazilian portuguese . usc . 1994 . distributed by gsil publications , usc . this thesis examines the comprehension of the empty category and the third person lexical pronoun in object position in brazilian portuguese ( bp ) . experimental results show that the processing of bp overt and nonovert objects is consistent with the leading idea underlying the overt pronoun constraint ( opc ) proposed by montalbetti ( 84 ) . experiment 1 compares the processing of overt pronouns and empty categories in object position in bp in structures in which these anaphors are a - bound by a subject and in structures in which they are a - bar-bound by a topic . results from 48 bp speakers indicate reactivation of the antecedents only by topic-bound gaps and by subject-bound overt pronouns in experiment 2 , the difference between the coreferential vs . bound readings in bp is further investigated by comparing the possibility of the strict and sloppy readings for the overt pronoun and the gap in object position . based on these experimental results , we argue for the classification of the bp null object as an instance of a null epithet , an empty r - expression with pronominal properties . the experiments are also informative with relation to several theoretical psycholinguistic issues . for more information , please contact gsil publications gsil @ scf . usc . edu south asian langs pan-asiatic linguistics : proceedings of the third international symposium on language and linguistics . chulalongkorn university , bangkok , thailand . 8-10 january 1992 . 1482 pp . ( 3 vol . ) . us $ 53 . 00 ( cloth ) including postage by airmail . the set contains 118 papers presented at the symposium . the papers deal with languages spoken in every part of asia with emphasis on southeast asian languages . areas covered are phonetics , phonology , morphology , syntax , diachronic studies , sociolinguistics , language contact , typology , neurolinguistics , psycholinguistics , and natural language processing . available from wholesale department , university bookstore , chulalongkorn university , phyathai road , bangkok 10330 , thailand . ( bank draft or international money order only . )
 "",0
 1370,""Subject: kant and innateness
  
  references to innateness in kant are not easy to find , but here is one that is relevant to the current controversy regarding linguistic """" realism """" vs . """" conceptualism . """" a middle course may be proposed bewtween the two above mentioned , namely , that the categories are neither self-thought first principles apriori of our knowledege nor derived from experience , but sujective dispositions of thought , implanted in us from the first momement , so ordered by our creator that their employment is in complete harmony with the laws of nature in accordance with which experience proceeds - - a kind of preformation-system of pure reason . . . there is this decisive ojection . . . that the necessity of the categories . . . then would have to be sacrificed . ( b167-168 . _ critique of pure reason _ trans . kemp smith . ) noam chomsky observes that """" rationalist """" as well as """" empiricist """" theories of language incorporate """" innate dispositions . """" ( _ reflections on language _ . pantheon . 1975 . p . 215 ) whether the logical modalities enter the linguistic picture is uncertain , but one can imagine that on some formulation of minimality the connection with economy of derivation may be necessary in some sense , to choose a possible example just for the purpose of illustration . if so , then such modalities may not exclude """" psychologism """" in linguistics and with it conceptualism ala chomsky . one consequence would be that arguments against extending linguistic """" psychologism """" to logic would not be barred for the fregean reasons sometimes cited by linguists ( e . g . katz and postal in _ linguistics and philosophy _ . 14 , 1991 . p . 520 . the importance of kant for the history of the philosophy of linguistics is not innateness , rather it is in recognizing that concepts are rules . ( ibid . a106 ) . these rules allow the identification of the forms of """" judgments . """" within a framework of rules ( """" principles """" ) and parameters , kant 's view of concepts takes on special significance , eventually pointing toward a possible resolution of the question of the place of linguistics within science . steven bayne ( grad student ) uconn , linguistics stevenbayne @ delphi . com
 "",0
 1371,""Subject: sum : words that are their own opposites , pt . 1
  
  in november , i posted a query about what i referred to as """" auto-antonymy """" , the semantic state of a word being its own opposite , either changing its meaning through time or having two opposite meanings at the same time . an example of the former is """" resent """" which used to mean """" appreciate """" as in the following quotations taken from the oxford english dictionary : 1702 c . mather magn . chr . iii . i . iii . ( 1852 ) 309 if she gratefully resented that small thing for the sake of the hand it came from . 1765 warburton in w . & hurd lett . ( 1809 ) 360 , i was sure that this instance of his friendship to you would ever be warmly resented by you . 1829 webster lett . ( 1902 ) 617 , i shall resent through life ( to use an expression of boyle 's ) your unwearied and affecting kindness to me . a word that has two opposite meanings simultaneously is """" fast """" , which means steady , not moving , and at high speed . i asked what the proper term for this phenomenon is , and made a call for other examples of this phenomenon in english and other languages . additionally , i asked whether this a phenomenon that can be rightfully classed with other regular forms of polysemy ( metonymy , metaphor ) and language change , or is it always a curious accident . thanks to the kind responses of linguists around the world , i now know six established names for """" auto-antonymy """" , i have a collection of many interesting examples , and i have been apprised of a dual phenomenon : synonyms that look like antonyms . these linguistic riches will be shared in the following screens . first , the terminology . dirk geeraerts writes that the phenomenon """" is known in the older tradition of historical semantics as ( antiphrasis ) or < enantiosemy > """" . miriam shlesinger and m . lynne murphy noted that such words are sometimes called ( janus words ) , after the two-faced greek mythic figure . larry horn , renowned historian of negation , said the phenomenon had been dubbed ( antilogy ) by john train in his 1980 book """" remarkable words with astonishing origins . david gamon offered the term ( enantiodromia ) for : the diachronic process of acquiring an ' opposite ' meaning , and i suppose a : word having two such meanings would be an ( enantiodrome ) . i learned this , : by the way , from professor matisoff here at berkeley . bob fradkin noted that arabic has a word ( didh ) ( plural < addhaadh > ) for """" a whole category of words that mean ' itself and its opposite . ' """" frankly , i think that all of these terms - - antiphrasis , enantiosemy , janus word , antilogy , enantiodromia ( not to mention didh ) - - are quite opaque to the modern english ear , and the word i coined , """" auto-antonym """" just says it all , and that 's the term i ' ll use for the remainder of this post . now that i ' ve whetted your appetite for some auto-antonymy , here are the examples i received : the top entry , submitted by practically everybody , is the classic example ( cleave ) which means to bring together as well as to cut apart . < splice > and ( clip ) , mentioned less often , operate the same way . another popular word was ( sanction ) , which as a noun means a punitive action and as a verb means to endorse . ( let ) is similar , also meaning to allow , but formerly meaning to prevent . the latter meaning survives in the idioms """" without let or hindrance """" and in """" a let ball """" . kevin rottet notes a similar phenomenon in french , with the word ( defendre ) meaning ' to defend ' and ' to prohibit ' . many mentioned """" overlook """" or """" oversight """" which can mean to look at something carefully as well as to miss something . jane edwards notes that german translation ( versehen ) has the same properties . speaking of german , bernd moebius writes : in german , ' kontrahent ' today means ' opponent ' ( e . g . , often used in sports ) [ . . . . ] there is , however , the rather uncommon use of ' kontrahent ' for two parties sharing a contract , like the english ' contractor ' . karen baumer wins the prize for sending in the most entries . these had been collected by her colleagues at the apple newton project . i give you a selection of the ones not mentioned previously : ) > > aught = all , nothing ) > > bill = invoice , money ) > > comprise = contain , compose ) > > custom = usual , special ) > > dust = to remove , add fine particles ) > > literally = actually , figuratively ) > > model = archetype , copy ) > > moot = debatable , academic ) > > note = promise to pay , money ) > > peer = noble , person of equal rank ) > > put = lay , throw ) > > puzzle = pose problem , solve problem ) > > quantum = very small , very large ( quantum leap ) ) > > ravel = entangle , disentangle ) > > resign = to quit , to sign up again ) > > sanguine = murderous , optimistic ) > > scan = to examine closely , to glance at quickly ) > > set = fix , flow ) > > skin = to cover with , remove outer covering ) > > strike = miss ( baseball ) , hit ) > > table = propose [ british ] , set aside ) > > temper = calmness , passion ) > > trim = cut things off , put things on ) > > a very short list of homophones : ) > > aural , oral = heard , spoken ) > > raise , raze = erect , tear down ) > > ) > > a pair of french words which can be very confusing : ) > > la symetrie ( symmetry ) and l ' asymetrie ( asymmetry ) . ) > > ) > > latin : ) > > immo = yes , no baumer also notes : an example that comes to mind is the word ' prove , ' whose older meaning ' to test ' has been pretty much lost , giving rise to an apparent paradox in the expression """" the exception proves the rule . """" there were quite a few examples from shakespeare . julie vonwiller explains , ( presently ) in shakespeare meant ' immediately ' whereas now it means ' not immediately but i ' ll get round to it ' . roger hurwitz reminds us of shakespeare 's ( nunnery ) , which , in the phrase """" get thee to a nunnery """" referred not to a place of piety , but a house of ill repute . sue blackwell , pointed me to """" as you like it """" , wherein jacques de boys complains : """" rumination wraps me in a most ( humourous ) sadness . """" not at all funny . blackwell adds that ( silly ) used to mean """" blessed """" . here are some examples in other languages that have no parallels in english : an example from dutch : """" ettelijk """" . most native speakers ( everybody ) thinks it means """" many , much """" , but the authoritative dictionary ( van dale ) says it means """" ( a ) little , ( a ) few """" . or at least that is what the dictionary said 10 or 15 years ago ( and our professor of dutch used to """" catch """" us on this one ) . now for the sake of this message i went to look again in a new version of van dale and it says both ! see the evolution ? - - patricia haegeman a swedish example is the verb """" maximera """" ( ' maximize ' ) . the traditional meaning is 's et an upper limit to ' , but now it is also being used in the sense ' make as large as possible ' , probably due to english influence . - - mats eeg-olofsson there 's a strange case in the sahidic dialect of coptic : """" ehrai """" means both """" upwards """" and """" downwards """" . the former derives from egyptian h . ry """" upper part """" ( in which h . represents a pharyngial fricative ) , the latter derives from egyptian h _ ry """" lower part """" ( in which h _ was probably a palatal fricative ) . the distinction between h . and h _ was lost in coptic . - - lance eccles , maquarie university , australia i think that 's enough for now . in a future posting i will summarize the linguistic wisdom on the regularity of the phenomenon . - - alex eulenberg ( aeulenbe @ indiana . edu ) - - indiana university
 "",0
 1372,""Subject: qs : ideal reference grammars
  
  content - length : 15848 dear fellow linguist , if you are a user of reference grammars and are willing to invest some seven or ten minutes , you can contribute to shaping the format of an electronic framework for reference grammars we are about to develop . we are eager to have your opinion on what a good reference grammar should look like . for that purpose we have formulated a set of multiple choice questions plus some open questions , divided into four major groups : quantity , quality , organisation , ergonomy of reference grammar . if you have more than ten minutes , we would be happy to have your reactions also to the starred questions at the end of each group . the linear order of the questions does not correspond to a degree of relevance for us or the project . at the end of the questionnaire we ask you for your opinion on the relative importance of the different factors . to answer the multiple choice questions , please type an ' x ' between the appropriate pair of brackets . square brackets ' [ ] ' indicate that you should choose only one of the answers to the given question , parentheses ' ( ) ' indicate that you may choose several answers . subquestions are marked by inden - tation : if you have checked the superordinate question , please answer the subquestions as well . we will post a summary as soon as your answers have been evaluated . please send the completed questionnaire to the following address : pichler @ informatik . uni-muenchen . de thank you very much for your cooperation , the munich avg team roman pichler christian stroemsdoerfer vladimir tourovsky dietmar zaefferer = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 1 quantity = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 1 . 1 what do you expect a good reference grammar to contain ? [ ] grammar without lexicon [ ] grammar and lexicon 1 . 2 which subsystems of the language do you expect to be described in a good reference grammar ? ( ) phonetics ( ) phonology ( ) orthography ( ) morphology ( ) syntax ( ) semantics ( ) pragmatics ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 . 3 what kind of data do you expect to find in a good reference grammar ? ( ) examples ( ) interlinear morpheme translations ( imt 's ) ( ) text corpus ( ) pictures ( ) voice recordings ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 . 4 what should a lexicon included in the grammar ( if any ) contain at least ? ( ) all the words in the examples and the corpus ( ) the swadesh list ( ) all the function words ( ) 500 lexical entries ( ) 1000 lexical entries ( ) more , please specify : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 . 5 what sort of further information do you expect to find in a good reference grammar ? ( ) diachronical information ( ) genetic information ( ) information on the geographical area ( ) typological information ( ) description of language varieties ( ) negative information ( on absent phenomena ) ( ) socio - linguistic information ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * 1 . 6 what kind of bibliography do you expect to find in a good reference grammar ? [ ] a list of the referenced books and articles [ ] a list of the referenced books and articles plus considerations for further reading [ ] a thorough , commented list of books and articles , [ ] ordered by alphabet [ ] ordered by the following subjects : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 2 quality = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 2 . 1 what sort of intention do you expect from the author of a good reference grammar ? [ ] descriptive [ ] prescriptive [ ] both 2 . 2 what kind of description do you expect from a good reference grammar ? [ ] synchronical [ ] diachronical [ ] both , but primarily [ ] synchronical [ ] diachronical [ ] i do n't care , because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 . 3 what do you expect about the theoretical background of a good reference grammar ? [ ] it should not be bound to a specific linguistic theory [ ] it should stick to a specific linguistic theory , and [ ] it does n't matter which [ ] preferably to the following : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [ ] preferably not to the following : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 . 4 how do you expect linguistic forms and functions to be presented in a good reference grammar ? [ ] descriptions of forms ( expressions ) and functions ( meanings ) should be strictly separated . [ ] forms and functions should be described together . [ ] i do n't consider description of linguistic forms to be a necessary part of a good reference grammar . [ ] i do n't consider description of linguistic functions to be a necessary part of a good reference grammar . [ ] this question does not bother me at all . 2 . 5 what kind of terminology do you expect to be used in a good reference grammar ? [ ] mainly traditional terminology [ ] whatever is suitable for the language described [ ] a specific terminological system : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * 2 . 6 what sort of data do you expect to find in a good reference grammar ? [ ] only data drawn from a corpus . [ ] only data based on a corpus ( i . e . examples may be simplified ) . [ ] i also accept data based on the introspective insights of ( ) a native linguist ( ) a non-native linguist . * 2 . 7 what kind of justification to you expect in a good reference grammar ? [ ] no justification of the statements is necessary . [ ] statements should be exemplified with real-world examples . [ ] statements should be explained ( made plausible ) . [ ] statements should be supported by the theoretical framework . [ ] statements should be justified with cross-linguistic data ( if possible ) . * 2 . 8 please give your general expectations on the contents of the chapters that describe the subsystsems you chose under 1 . 2 above : phonetics : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phonology : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ orthography : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ morphology : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ syntax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ semantics : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pragmatics : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 3 organisation of the grammar = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 3 . 1 give your preferred order of the chapters that describe the subsystsems you chose under 1 . 2 above : [ ] same order as in 1 . 2 [ ] order as follows : 1 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 . 2 which additional ordering principles should be observed in a good reference grammar ? ( ) from the simple cases to the complex ones . ( ) first the grammar , then the lexicon . ( ) other : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 . 3 what information retrieval tools do you expect to find in a good reference grammar ? ( ) table of contents ( ) index of linguistic terms ( ) index of names ( ) index of languages ( ) index of tables ( ) index of abbreviations ( ) index of symbols ( ) index of words ( ) cross - references within the grammar ( ) cross - linguistic references ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 . 4 what kind of structural organisation do you expect in a good reference grammar ? ( ) chapters ( ) paragraphs ( ) introductions : ( ) to the whole grammar ( ) to the main chapters ( ) to each single chapter ( ) summaries * 3 . 5 what kind of metainformation do you expect to find in a good reference grammar ? ( ) information on the theoretical background of the author ( ) information on the terminology used ( ) information on the research situation of the author and on the field methodology used ( ) information on the general research situation of the language described ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 4 ergonomy = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 4 . 1 which ergonomical means do you expect to find in a good reference grammar ? ( ) pure text ( ) tables and paradigms ( ) graphics ( ) maps ( ) illustrations ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 . 2 what media do you prefer a good reference grammar to be presented in ? ( ) books ( ) electronic media ( ) i do n't care ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * 4 . 3 which metalanguage do you expect a good reference grammar to be written in ? ( ) english ( ) spanish ( ) russian ( ) french ( ) german ( ) chinese ( ) other : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * 4 . 4 what kind of layout features do you prefer ? * 4 . 4 . 1 font size ( body text ) : [ ] ) 12 points [ ] 12 points [ ] 10 points [ ] ( 10 points * 4 . 4 . 2 font type : [ ] times roman ( proportional serif font ) [ ] helvetica ( proportional sans serif font ) [ ] courier ( mono-spaced typewriter-like serif font ) [ ] gothic ( mono-spaced typewriter-like sans serif font ) [ ] others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * 4 . 4 . 3 font styles : ( ) bold ( ) italics ( ) underlined ( ) small caps ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * 4 . 4 . 4 font usage : [ ] use one font for everything [ ] use different fonts / font styles for ( ) headings ( ) body text ( ) examples ( ) structural translations ( ) literal translations ( ) footnotes ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 5 importance of parameters = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 5 . 1 please give a priority ranking from 1 ( = """" very important """" ) to 5 ( = """" rather unimportant """" ) to the following criteria as defined in the sections above : 1 2 3 4 5 quantity ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) quality ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) organisation ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ergonomy ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) * 5 . 2 please choose the 10 most important questions of the above list and give them a priority ranking from 1 ( = """" very important """" ) to 5 ( = """" not so important """" ) . you can refer to the questions simply by the appropriate number ( e . g . """" 4 . 4 """" ) . 1 2 3 4 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 6 examples = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ( ) my favorite reference grammars are : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) the following reference grammars are quite acceptable : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 7 personal information = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone / fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * main interests _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * practical experience ( field work , etc . ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * preferred theoretical framework _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * present projects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * i use the following operating system ( s ) : ( ) os2 ( ) dos ( ) windows ( ) apple macintosh ( ) unix : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * i use the following software products : ( ) word processor : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) spreadsheet : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) database : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) hypertext : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) graphics programs : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) programming languages : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dietmar zaefferer institut fuer deutsche philologie phone : + 49 89 2180 2060 ( office ) universitaet muenchen + 49 89 36 66 75 ( home ) schellingstr . 3 fax : + 49 89 2180 3871 ( office ) d-80799 muenchen germany email : ue303bh @ sun1 . lrz-muenchen . de
 "",0
 1373,""Subject: request for information
  
  dear colleague the national terminology services ( nts ) of south africa is looking for a terminology management system which will be able to accommodate all 11 official languages . some of the african languages have special diacritics not yet available in commercial software . attached you will find the rfi from the nts . please pass it on to anyone who might be interested . the rather bulky user requirement specification will be e-mailed to interested parties as soon as they request it . please take note of the closing date of 29 may . we appreciate your help in this matter . yours sincerely ms milde jordaan - weiss ms milde jordaan - weiss national terminology services department of arts , culture , science and technology private bag x894 0001 pretoria republic of south africa tel + 27 12 314-6165 fax + 27 12 325-4943
 "",0
 1374,""Subject: machine usable dictionary
  
  as you may know from postings i have made to this list over the last couple of months , derek bickerton and i are developing a parser based on a theory of syntax that he and i have been developing over the last four years . we are about to purchase a machine usable dictionary with approximately 70 , 000 entries for $ 2500 . if anyone could advise us whether or not that is our best bet , or where we might find other dictionaries , we would appreciate hearing from you . we are currently working with a dictionary of under 1000 words , so it is imperative that we obtain a larger one , so we may begin working with larger corpora . toward that end we would also like to find out which texts were used in past parsing competitions and where the results of these competitions are published . we believe that with a few weeks of work we should be able to modify a dictionary sufficiently to allow us to begin experinmenting with texts that were used in past parsing competitions . here are the specs the parser . it is based on a series of algorithms that have been four years in the making , but the programming required to create this parser has only taken 300 hours using c + + . there areapproximately 3000 lines of code that take up 150k executable on disk . about 100k of ram is required to run the parser . 30k on disk is required for a 300 word dictionary . an average sentence takes under 4 seconds to process on a 486 ibm compatible . since this is only a development version , we expect these numbers to change . to date , no optimizations have occurred , and we expect to significantly shrink the dictionary disk usage and the execution time . phil bralich bralich @ uhccux . uhcc . hawaii . edu
 "",0
 1375,""Subject: parallel corpora
  
  content - length : 2194 dear linguists , a short time ago , i posted to the list a query on parallel corpora . since answers are still comming in , i will not give a summary of the answers at this point . ( however , a summary will be given as soon as i have gathered all answers ) . due to e-mail problems , i believe some e-mail messages must have been lost . so , i give here below the list of the people whose messages i have received . if you have written me and your name is not included here , please re-send your answer to my personal address ! i also repeat here the original query for those who have not already seen it . list of addresses of people who have answered : kemmer @ ruf . rice . edu barlow @ ruf . rice . edu bert . peeters @ modlang . utas . edu . au estival @ divsun . unige . ch r . m . salkie @ bton . ac . uk bernard @ ccnet . up . ac . za macrakis @ asf . org ingria @ bbn . com the original message is the following : ) dear linguists , ) ) i am involved in a project concerning parallel text-corpora , and ) i would like to know if anybody has already had any experience on ) the matter . specifically , i would like to know if there already ) are any efforts ongoing ( or completed ! ) about specs for parallel ) corpora , for representation issues , text typology etc . ) ) if anybody has the time to answer my query i would greatly appreciate ) it ! please reply to my personal address . sorry to those who have seen this message again ! thank you all , maria gavrilidou institute for language and speech processing athens , greece
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 1376,""Subject: synthetic compounds summary
  
  dear colleagues , in april i sent a query to linguist about synthetic compounds . i received over 30 replies . i have tried to respond personally to all of the replies , but a couple of my messages bounced . i apologize to anyone i missed . i appreciated all of the response i received . i am proud to be a part of intellectual community where so many people are eager to share their hard won knowledge . a summary of what i have learned follows . it can be divided into four parts . part 1 presents some questions about what i had taken as given in my initial query . part 2 consists of a bibliography of works that i and others have found useful in our research on compounds . part 3 . is a table showing the data i have so far . i encourage you to look over it may surprise you or you may disagree with what i say about your favorite language ( if you do please write me , i know very little about most of these languages and have no way of judging if what i have read about them is the widely accepted view . in part 4 i explain the project i am currently working on and make yet another call for data ( no matter how much i get i want more ) . i hope that this summary is useful for most of you and interesting to at least some . part 1 : i got some very interesting replies to my query which instead of or in addition to offering data , questioned the very notion of synthetic compounds that i had based my query on . my post was as follows : i am looking for information on synthetic compounds like the english """" truck driver """" and the french """" essuie-glace """" where one element of the compound is a verbal and the other element is interpreted as its object . i am trying to find out if there is any connection between the ordering of the elements in these compounds and the ordering of the elements in a vp . i already have information on how these compounds are formed and used in english , french , spanish , italian , dutch , igbo , and jacaltec , but have been unable , despite hours in the library , to find information on other languages . the questions fell into two main categories ? 1 . what did i mean by """" synthetic """" compounds ? on the surface this seems like a simple terminological question but it goes much deeper than that . in researching this type of compounds i have seen them called by any number of names ; deverbals , verbals , v + n , v + o , nominalizations . . . . . i do n't know where the term """" synthetic """" comes from i just use it because it was the one i was taught . each of these terms has its own merits and faults and reflects the theory of compounding the user ascribes to , which is all well and good but it makes research in this area very difficult . another problem arising in part from or simply reflected in the plethora of terms for this type of compounds is the fact that no two linguists define the group in the same way . for some a synthetic compound can only be made up of a verbal and noun that can be interpreted as its direct object ( dishwasher , face painting ) for others the noun can be an oblique object as well ( theater goer ) and other will call any compound with a verbal element a synthetic ( examining room ) . for the purposes of my current work i am only interested in the first type ( v + do ) , in fact only the subset where the compound is understood to be a person or object that preforms the action ie . a dishwasher : something / one that washes dishes . 2 . why did i think that """" driver """" of """" truck driver """" was a """" verb """" it is obviously a """" noun """" ? why was n't i looking at the ordering of nps instead of that of vps ? admittedly at first glance the compound """" truck driver """" does seem to be made up of two nouns """" truck """" and """" driver """" . in fact i cannot at this point think of any compelling argument against this view except that words like """" driver """" tend to be semantically weak and except in a few case like that of """" driver """" unless they appear as part of a compound they have no meaning out of context . compare """" grower """" with """" apple grower """" . the french compounds present even better support for the verb based view . the """" essuie """" of """" essuie-glace """" ( windshield-wiper ) is a straight forward verb form . there is no french noun """" essuie """" ( * wiper ) thus french synthetics at least cannot be n + n compounds , and if we want a unified theory of synthetics then english synthetics cannot be n + n either . if you want to comment on either of these questions , please do so directly to linguist . i think either of them could lead to a good general debate and i have already said all i have to say about these subjects at the moment . part 2 : synthetic compound bibliography ( warning some citations are incomplete , i hope this does n't cause anyone too much trouble ) adams , valerie . an introduction to modern english word - formation . new york : longman bauer , laurie . english word formation . cambridge : cambridge university press ( 1983 ) - - - . the grammar of nominal compounding : with special reference to danish , english , and french . odense : odense university press , ( 1978 ) . beard , robert . lexeme - morpheme base morphology . suny press ( this summer ) booij , g . and t . van haaften . """" on the external syntax of derived words : evidence from dutch . """" yearbook of morphology 1 . ( 1988 ) : 29-44 . chao , yuen - ren . a grammar of spoken chinese . berkeley : university of california press . ( 1968 ) ( pages 415-434 ) chi , telee r . ra study of verb - object compounds in mandrin chinese in thompson , s . a . & lord , c . ( 1974 ) approaches to the lexicon . ucla papers in syntax , # 6 . los angeles : university of california press . - - - . a lexical analysis of verb - noun compounds in mandrin chinese . taipei : crane publishing co . ( 1985 ) . chung , karen steffen . verb + noun function describing compounds . bulletin of the college of liberal arts , national taiwan university no 41 ( 1994 ) 181-222 craig , c . the jacaltec language . bloomington : indiana university press , 1973 ( has a nice section on word formation ) darmesteter , arsene . traite de la formation des mots composes dans la langue francais comparee aux autres langues romanes et au latin . paris : librairie honore campion ( reprint of 1893 work ) ( 1967 ) drapeau , lynn . aspects de la morphologie du nom en montagnais . thesis . universite de montreal . ( 1979 ) . - - - . """" les noms composses en montagnais """" recherches linguistiques a montreal : montreal working papers vol . 12 , may 1979 linguistique amerindinenne i : syntax algonquienne gavarro , anna . syntactic theory and the grammar of catalan compounding . dissertation university of edinburgh ( 1990 ) greenberg , gerald r . """" stress in polish compounds . """" lingua : international review of general linguistics . 70 : 2 - 3 ( nov . 1986 ) : 163-170 . koptjevskaja - tanm , maria . nominalizations . new york : routledge , 1993 . lehmann , w . p . """" proto - indo - european compounds in relation to other proto - indo european syntactic patterns . """" acta linguistica hafniensia 1969 , 3-20 . lehmann , ( w . p . ) ? theoretical basis of indo - european linguistics . routledge ( 1993 ) ( pages recomended to me 64 , 148-50 , 255 - 6 ) leiber . r . """" phrasal compounds in english and the morphology - syntax interface . """" papers from the parasession on agreement in grammatical theory . 202-22 . - - - . """" argument linking and compounds in english . """" linguistic inquiry vol 14 ( 1983 ) - - - . deconstructing morphology ( 1992 ) leonard , rosemary . the interpretation of english noun sequences on the computer . amsterdam : north holland ( 1984 ) levi , judith . """" the syntax and semantics of complex nominals """" in studies in modern hebrew syntax and semantics ed cole north holland publishing ( 1976 ) pgs . 9-55 . li , c . n . and s . a . thompson . mandrin chinese : a functional reference grammar . berkeley : university of california press . ( pages 73-81 ) lloyd , paul m . verb - complement compounds in spanish . tubingen : max miemeyer verlag . ( 1968 ) nwaozuzu , g . i . """" nominal compounds in igbo . """" afrika und ubersee : sprachen kulturen . 70 : 2 , 225-244 . selkirk , elisabeth o . the syntax of words . cambridge , ma : mit press , 1982 . spencer , andrew . morphological theory . oxford : basil blackwell , 1991 thiele , johannes . la formation des mots en francais moderne . translated by andr clas . montreal : presses de l ' universite de montreal , 1987 . varela , soledad . """" the organization of the lexical component : noun - compounds in spanish . """" acta linguistica scientiarum hungaricae . 1986 , 36 : 1 - 4 . 235-44 . vogel , irene . """" phonological evidence for level ordering in italian word formation . """" acta linguistica scientiarum hungaricae . 1986 , 36 : 1 - 4 . 245-260 . vogel , ( irene ) ? and ? napoli . the verbal component in italian compounds . in proceedings of the linguistic symposium on romance languages xxii . eds jon amastae , grant goodall , and mario montabetty . philadelphia : john benjamins ( to appear ) wilco , g . ter stal and paul e . van der vet . two - level semantic compounds . wonderly ( 1951 ) international journal of applied linguistics zwanenburg , ? . """" morphological heads : french compounding and germanic prefixation """" in theoretical analyses in romance linguistics eds laeufer and morgan . part 3 the following table summarizes the data from all the languages examined . """" ? """" indicates holes in the data language vp order compound order v affixed n affixed pie ov ov ? ? sanskrit ov ov ? ? latin free / ov ov ? ? french vo vo no no italian vo vo no yes spanish vo vo no yes english vo ov yes no dutch vo ov yes no german vo ov yes no danish vo ov yes no swedish vo ov yes no icelandic vo ov yes no russian free ov yes no serbo - croatian free / vo vo yes yes polish vo vo yes no welsh vo vo yes yes ov yes no igbo vo vo yes no jacaltec vo vo yes no pulaar vo vo yes yes finnish vo ov yes yes west armenian ov ov ? no mandrin chinese ? vo no ? irish gaelic vo vo yes ? thai svo svo ? ? galacian vo vo ? no / yes hebrew vo vo yes ? no czech ? vo ? ? japanese ? ov yes ? if your favorite language ( s ) is ( are ) missing or you disagree with what i have here please read the next section and send me the data i need to set things right . part 4 in the paper i am currently working on i amattempting to see which of two theories makes the correct predictions about the surface form of synthetic compounds . the first theory , based on hawkins view of parsing , predicts that the surface form of synthetics will differ as much as possible in ordering and affixation from the corresponding vp so that the listener will not confuse the two . the second theory , based on any number of generative theories of word formation , predicts that synthetics and vps will be as similar as possible so that the derivation of synthetics will be as simple as possible . thus english with the affix - er and different word orders for synthetics and vps conforms with the first theory and french with a similar ordering conforms with the second . basically i need data from as many languages as possible in order to see which of the two theories makes the most accurate prediction . i am putting severe limits on the data which i am considering . i am only looking a one subset of synthetics , those with an agentive reading . by this i mean compounds indicating people or instruments that are the agent of the corresponding vp , like the english """" truck driver """" and """" dishwasher """" or the french """" porte-parole """" and """" essuie-glace """" . i chose this subset because it is the most semantically distinct from the vp . the problems caused by a listener confusing agentive compounds and the vps would be the more severe than with any other subset and thus this is the environment where one would most expect to see evidence for the first theory . if the first theory does indeed make correct predictions , i might consider other types of synthetics and try to see if there is any type of hierarchy within synthetics based on how semantically distinct they are from their corresponding vps . however that is later , for now i just need data about agentive synthetics . if you are willing to send me data on any of the languages missing above please include at least 1 . the name of the language in question ( so i can look it up to get other typological information ) 2 . two or more examples with a morpheme by morpheme gloss and a free gloss 3 . simple sentences with the corresponding vps glossed as above 4 . the plural and feminine forms of examples if they exist 5 . and a judgement of how productive this compounding process is in the language 6 . any other comments you think are helpful for example french ( francais ) ( l ' ) essuie-glace """" wipe ( v stem / 3rd sing ( depending on analysis ) - glass ( n stem ( sg / fem ) ) """" """" windshield wiper ( n sg masc ) """" ( le ) porte-parole """" carry ( v stem ) - speech ( n stem ) """" spokesman ( n sg masc ) """" il essuie la glace . """" he ( nom ) wipes ( 3rd sing pres ) the ( fem sing ) glass ( fem sing ) ? elle porte la parole . """" she ( nom ) carries ( 3rd sing pres ) the ( fem sing ) speech ( fem sing ) . les essuie-glaces ( pl ) no fem exists les porte-paroles ( pl ) la porte-parole ( fem ) this pattern is very productive in french especially with - er verbs . these compounds are always masculine regardless of the gender of the nominal element . """" essuie """" and """" porte """" independently can only be interpreted as verb stems of 3rd singular pres . they cannot be used as nouns or adjectives . phillipe barbaud at universite du quebec a montreal wrote a nice paper ( the name of which escapes me ) on french compounds in the late 80 's thanks again to all those who replied to my first query . i hope this summary has been of some use . heather anderson hmanders @ indiana . edu 322 memorial hall iu bloomington , in 47405
 "",0
 1377,""Subject: sum : x - rays and acoustic signals
  
  dear linguist members , some weeks ago i published a request for information about methods of measuring movements of the articulating organs . within this field i was especially interested in x - ray documentation and films . alice faber ( faber @ haskins . yale . edu ) wrote that """" back in the 1960 's the center for applied linguistics here in the us made a set of such films of ' exotic ' languages . we have a set here at haskins , . . . """" caroline smith reported on another method of measurement . she wrote that a method of measurement which works on the basis of electromagnetism was used by """" the people at the institut fuer phonetik und sprachliche kommunikation der universitaet muenchen , who are the world leaders in electromagneticarticulography ( fipkm @ phonetik . uni-muenchen . de ) . """" bob port ( port @ cs . indiana . edu ) from indiana reports on """" x - ray microbeam data at univ of wisconsin . """" and continues """" there is now a large amount of material available , but is not in video form """" a most interesting hint at x - ray documentation i want to give verbally at this place : kenneth r . beesley ( ken . beesley @ xerox . fr ) writes : """" i have also seen x - ray movies from the eastman collection in rochester , new york . these films show , among many other things , people talking , playing musical instruments , and moving in various ways . for medical interest , there are also films of swallowing and bladder functions . i have seen some x - ray photographs of vowel-production settings from the old ussr , but these are less interesting than films . the eastman films , produced in the 1940s and early 50s , i believe , are unintentionally frightening because the doses of x - rays considered safe then were perhaps 500 times what they are now . as best i can remember , these films were somewhat inspired by x - ray films made by the nazis using inmates of concentration camps . these films , brought back to the united states after the war , were watched in fascination by eastman and his colleagues . they featured scenes with full skeletons walking about . the x - ray doses were no doubt fatal to the victims . """" beesley also reports on phoneticians from the university of glasgow , scotland and members of the school of dentistry , who some eighteen years ago produced x - ray images that show people talking . helmer strike ( strik @ let . kun . nl ) delivers two methods of measuring articulation : """" the technique that resembles the old x - ray films the most is called mri ( magnetic resonance imaging ) . a good article on this topic is baer et al . ( 1991 ) journal of the acoustical society of america , nr . 90 ( 2 ) , pp . 799 - 828 . . . . another , quite different technique , which is used very often , is called epg ( electro - palato - graphy ) """" in particular , i would like to thank ocke bohn ( gen01 . @ rz . uni-kiel . d400 . de ) for having sent me an article on how to describe articulation by means of infrared light . she reported as well on experiments using ultrasound for recording the movements of the articulating organs . in conclusion , i want to give another idea of how to make use of cd-rom in combination with x - ray technology . today 's technology has made it possible to save pictures and videos ( here videos produced through x - rays ) conveniently down onto a cd . this opens up the possibility to combine recordings of various institutions on one cd and , by means of this collection , deliver an outstanding contribution to the further understanding of what is happening when people talk . besides the actual recordings , further information about videos and x - ray images that concerns both the history of this subject and its methodology could be gathered in one single multi media application in such a way that a cd like this would provide important information about the topic """" articulation and the methods of its measurement """" in a user-friendly way and , what is more , would be available for a greater number of non-expert pc - users . anyone interested in this project and willing to support this idea should write to one of the following addresses : e - mail : fran2801 @ pcmail . uni-trier . de home : ingolf franke zeughausstrasse 31 d-54292 trier germany
 "",0
 1378,""Subject: summary : algonquian homeland
  
  content - length : 10189 in april i made an enquiry about the algonquian homeland of which a slightly abbreviated form is repeated below : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * i have just been reading merritt ruhlen 's _ the origin of language _ . i would like to ask a question or two about the content of the section ' locating the algonquian homeland ' . first , ruhlen says that ' frank siebert has proposed the area of the eastern upper great lakes as the origin of the algonquian dispersal ' . ruhlen does not source his reference . can anyone give me the source ? secondly , and more importantly , ruhlen appeals to sapir 's age - area hypothesis to the effect that the area of greatest diversity in a family is likely to point to the original homeland of the family . since the greatest divergence is evidently between blackfoot and the rest of the family , in the southwest of the family 's extent , ruhlen suggests , _ contra _ siebert , that the homeland is there , and that the family 's closest external relatives are also in that direction . as an initial attempt to locate a homeland , ruhlen 's arguments seem sound enough to an outsider . however , the kind of support for them that i would want to look for would be an argument that the first branching in the genealogical tree divides blackfoot from the rest of the family . this would be based on a claim that the rest of the family shares a set of innovations relative to proto algonquian ( a proto algonquian whose reconstruction also takes full account of blackfoot data ) . i went to the library here to see what i could find , and came up with ives goddard 's account of ' comparative algonquian ' in campbell & mithun 's _ the languages of native america _ ( 1979 ) . goddard says , if i read him correctly , ( i ) that the only obvious subgroup within algonquian is eastern algonquian ( and he gives innovations defining this ) , ( ii ) that blackfoot is highly divergent and that its history is not yet understood . goddard 's account understandably does not contain the kind of data that would allow a non - algonquianist to assess ruhlen 's hypothesis . i would be grateful to anyone who could point me towards any work that would cast light on the question of algonquian subgrouping and the homeland or who could comment knowledgably on ruhlen 's homeland hypothesis . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * i would like to thank those who responded , some of them several times , and those who were generous enough to send me copies of materials i could not obtain here . they were : dan alford , peter bakker , david costa , pat crowe , marybeth culley , anthony fox , ives goddard , john koontz , phil lesourd , rob malouf , john o'meara , marc picard , karl teeter . i have n't had time yet to read the recommended references or to think carefully about the views expressed , which were varied . so varied , it seems to me , that when i set out to write a summary , i could n't , so i have resorted to extracting crucial passages from people 's messages . i hope this will not result in any misrepresentations . the siebert article is : siebert , frank . 1967 . the original home of the proto - algonquian people . a . d . deblois , contributions to anthropology : linguistics i ( algonquian ) , pp . 13-47 . national museum of canada , bulletin no . 214 , anthropological series no . 78 , ottawa several respondents drew my attention to the fact that the question of ' homeland ' is related to the question of time depth , i . e , how far back do we want to go in our search for the homeland ? one pointed out , however , that if algonquian is a subgroup of algic , then we can define the algonquian homeland as the area where proto algonquian ( a member of the algic subgroup ) was spoken , treating the algic homeland separately . ' best guess based on location ( of the algic homeland ) would be some sort of a northwest coast origin , but there is no real evidence for this . ' ' denny places the pa speakers around the upper columbia river in oregon and washington . he bases his conclusions on archaelogical evidence , the connections between pa and the larger algic language family , and on the existence of a handful of algonquian languages spoken along the northern coast of california . he proposes that the pa speakers radiated south to california and west to the great lakes ( giving us the precursors of blackfoot , cheyenne , and arapaho along the way ) . at least , i think that 's how it goes - you should really check the article . ' ' blackfoot and arapaho are the most divergent ( algonquian ) languages , and . . . thus the family probably started in the northern rockies and spread east from there . most algonquianists who think about such things these days recognize a lot of problems with siebert locating proto - algonquian in southern ontario . ives ' article ( goddard 1994 ) makes a lot of sense - - essentially the scenario is that the family came from idaho or thereabouts out onto the prairies in montana , and first dropped blackfoot . then , it continued east , dropping arapaho , cree , menominee - cheyenne , ' core central ' , and eastern algonquian . i ' m not too familiar with what archaeological support there is for this idea , but i do know there is no archaeological support for siebert 's idea ( southern ontario looks to be historically iroquoian ) . ' ' having read a number of studies by witold manczak that seem to show pretty convincingly that the more conservative languages in a family are in and around the original homeland , and the more divergent ones on the periphery , i find siebert 's hypothesis much more convincing , though i know there are legitimate algonkianists who would side with ruhlen on this . . . . i ' ve been working on algonkian for well over twenty years and i consider siebert to be one of the best algonkianists we ' ve ever had . ' ' for my own part , it seems to me probably relevant to the prehistory of algonquian that blackfoot , arapaho - atsina , and mandan ( siouan ) and hidatsa ( siouan ) are all associated with cultures that practiced rather similar age grouping systems ( similar society names , system otherwise not found in north america ) , and are located close together in the middle missouri archaeological area and points north . this region was fairly uniform culturally c . 2000 bp , and i wonder if the culture then most widespead in the area - besant - may not be the source of age grouping practice . it might also be associated with algonquian language ( s ) , though that would be impossible to prove . i think the siouan groups must have arrived somewhat later , during the development of the subsequent middle missouri tradition , but the cheyenne seem to have a middle missouri connection , and perhaps the algonquian affiliation with the middle missouri region is older . . . anyway , if besant was largely algonquian , then the existing plains algonquian groups ( not a linguistic subgroup ) , may reflect a formerly stronger algonquian presence on the northern plains . ' ' as for the position of blackfoot , i am myself of the opinion that its grammatical system is algonquian , but its lexicon is not . i know cree ( central algonquian ) reasonably well , but blackfoot remains completely unintelligible to me , although the language looks very algonquian ( unlike , for instance , gros ventre , arapaho and cheyenne - these algonquian languages are just as unintelligible , but this can be attributed to some recent ( few hundred years ago ) radical sound changes . . . . but few of these studies deal with the place of blackfoot in a comparative light . i think , simply because it is possible only to compare blackfoot and algonquian lexically . actually there are few blackfoot words ( stems ) which the algonquianists are able to link with algonquian . in my opinion . . . it is a mixed language , with a few algonquian stems , but the bulk from an unknown and otherwise extinct language families . the blackfoot stems sometimes look like algonquian backslang ( such as the word for 'd og ' ; blackfoot imita ( ua ) , plains cree atim ) . otherwise it is just impossible that the grammatical system is so close to cree whereas the lexicon is so different . but probably few hardcore algonquianists would agree . ' references i was given were : denny , j . peter , 1991 . the algonquian migration from plateau to midwest : linguistics and archeology , in the papers of the twenty - second algonquian conference , ed . william cowan . [ mentioned by several respondents ] dryer , matthew s . 1992 . a comparison of the obviation systems of kutenai and algonquian , in william cowan , ed . , papers of the twenty - third algonquian conference , pp . 119-163 . ottawa : carleton university . goddard , ives , 1994 . the east - west cline in algonquian dialectology , in actes du vingt - cinqui ' eme congr ' es des algonquinistes , ed . william cowan , pp . 187-211 . ottawa : carleton university . [ evidently the most crucial recent work on the homeland question ] proulx , paul . a sketch of blackfoot historical phonology ijal 55 : 1 . proulx , paul . 1982 . """" the linguistic evidence for the algonquian - iroquoian encounter . """" in : approaches to algonquian archaeology . proceedings of the thirteenth annual conference of the archaeological association of the university of calgary , 1980 , pp . 189-211 . calgary : university of calgary . salzmann , zdenek , 1993 . language , culture and society , boulder , col . : westview press . [ contains a summary of siebert ] algonquian and iroquoian linguistics newsletter published quarterly through he department of linguistics , university of manitoba , winnipeg , canada . malcolm ross linguistics rspas australian national university canberra act australia 0200 .
 "",0
 1379,""Subject: contrastive grammar www home page
  
  colleagues interested in contrastive grammar in general and contrastive verb valency research in particular might like to know that the university of gent 's contragram group ( which grew out of joint research projects of the departments of english , french , and dutch ) now has its own www home page . the url is : http : / / allserv . rug . ac . be / ~ dnoel / index . html the quarterly newsletter of contragram , which reports on the results of the group 's research and also contains other information of interest to contrastive grammarians , is now also available in a hypertext version through this home page . do check us out ! dirk noel contragram dept . of english university of gent rozier 44 b-9000 gent belgium phone : + 32 9 264 3789 fax : + 32 9 264 4179 e - mail : dirk . noel @ rug . ac . be
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 1380,""Subject: www address of linguistics at unc
  
  information about the department of linguistics at the university of north carolina at chapel hill can be obtained from the department 's new world wide web homepage at http : / / www . unc . edu / depts / ling . html
 "",0
 1381,""Subject: mt summit v
  
  dear linguists , being the organisers of tmi95 , we are often asked whether we have more information on the mt summit v . the best thing to do is contact the sema group in luxemburg , instead of brussels . the number is : + 352 . 40 00 83 - - bruno * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * bruno tersago tel : + 32-16 - 32 50 88 centre for computational fax : + 32-16 - 32 50 98 linguistics maria - theresiastraat , 21 e - mail : bruno . tersago @ ccl . kuleuven . ac . be b-3000 leuven ( belgium ) url : http : / / www . ccl . kuleuven . ac . be / ~ bruno / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",0
 1382,""Subject: comparative method : n - ary comparison again
  
  some time ago , while we were discussing comparative linguistics , the question was raised ( by bill poser , i think ) of whether anybody ever claims in print that binary comparison is preferable to n-ary comparison . while i cited one reference at that time , i thought it might be still be of general interest to adduce one more , which has just come to my attention . in his attack on the theory that japanese is altaic ( and on altaic as a whole ) , janhunen 1992 argues that the odds of finding apparent matches simply by chance when japanese is compared to the four altaic languages / subgroups , viz . , turkic , mongolic , tungusic , and korean , are four times as high as are the odds of finding such spurious matches when japanese is compared to just one language , specifically korean ( which is singled out by janhunen because there has been a fair amount of work on japanese - korean comparison which ignored altaic ) . in other words , janhunen assumes that a 5 - ary comparison is four times as likely to produce matches purely by chance ( what i call ' false positives ' ) as is a binary comparison . this , needless to say , is a fallacy , but there you have it . janhunen , juha . 1992 . das japanische in vergleichender sicht . journal de la soci t finno - ougrienne 84 . 145-161 .
 "",0
 1383,""Subject: 100
  
  martin vide ) ) ii international conference on mathematical linguistics icml ' 95 tarragona ( catalonia , spain ) november 2 - 4 , 1995 organized by rovira i virgili university at tarragona research group in mathematical linguistics and language engineering ( grlmc ) with the financial support of direccio general de recerca ( generalitat de catalunya ) 1st . announcement and call for papers icml ' 95 intends to become an open and broad scope forum for the presentation and discussion of current high quality research on mathematical models of natural language . the first conference ( icml ' 93 ) took place in tarragona on march 30-31 , 1993 . a derived volume has been published : c . martin - vide ( ed . ) , current issues in mathematical linguistics . north - holland , amsterdam , 1994 . topics will be grouped into five sections : 1 . foundations and methodological considerations . 2 . mathematical models for syntax . 3 . mathematical models for semantics . 4 . applications in natural language processing . 5 . varia ( phonology , computational complexity , learning , quantitative methods , etc . ) . the language of the conference is english . organizing committee carlos martin - vide ( chairman , tarragona ) joan busquets ( austin ) rosa maria hidalgo ( tarragona ) joan miquel ( barcelona ) rudolf ortega ( tarragona ) jesus vidal ( austin ) lectures they can be invited plenary 1 - hour lectures and free possibly parallel 30 minutes lectures . the travel and accommodation of invited speakers will be paid by the organizing committee . the distribution into both categories will take into account the relative value of each paper and the budgetary resources . interested people are invited to submit papers : by surface mail , or electronically , as either an unformatted ( plain text ) ascii file or as a latex file . they should send one copy of a camera-ready 2 - columns abstract of not more than 2 not-numbered pages . also , they must indicate the section into which their paper fits . submissions will be anonymously refereed , and the list of accepted lectures ( invited as well as free ) will be included into future announcements . authors will be notified of acceptance as soon as possible . timetable deadline for the submission of a paper ( 2 - pages abstract ) : september 30 , 1995 . the programme will be sent to all pre-registered participants on october 1995 . publications the book of abstracts will be available at the beginning of the conference . the organizing committee expects that a volume containing a refereed selection of submitted papers will be published after the conference . registration fees ( except for invited speakers ) until june 30 , 1995 general : usa $ 150 ( pesetas 19 . 500 ) students : usa $ 75 ( pesetas 9 . 750 ) after july 1 , 1995 general : usa $ 200 ( pesetas 26 . 000 ) students : usa $ 100 ( pesetas 13 . 000 ) fees include the free access to all sessions and one copy of the book of abstracts , and may be paid through a bank transfer to : account number : 2100-3233 - 2200104870 ( congress ) bank : caixa d ' estalvis i pensions de barcelona address : gran via de les corts catalanes , 521 , 08015 barcelona , spain please , send us a copy of your transfer . people from eastern europe can become free from registration fees and accommodation ( not travel ) if justified , in the opinion of the organizing committee . accommodation information will be sent to all pre-registered participants in due time . information and registration carlos martin - vide apartado de correos 32 . 077 08080 barcelona spain e - mail : cmv @ fll . urv . es fax : 34-77 - 55 . 95 . 97 registration form name : address : postal code : city : country : e - mail : fax : phone : signature : please , send this registration form , together with the copy of the transfer , to the above-mentioned address .
 "",0
 1384,""Subject: intl congress of dialectologists
  
  dear linguists , i am posting this message for a colleague who does not have access to email . his question : does anyone know when and where the next international congress of dialectologists will be held ? many thanks , curt woolhiser department of slavic languages university of texas austin , tx 78713-7217 tel . : work : ( 512 ) 471-3607 home : ( 512 ) 302-0718 e - mail : cfwoolhiser @ mail . utexas . edu
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 1385,""Subject: language issues for southwest indian migrants
  
  is there any information available on people from the state of kerala ( speakers of malayalam ) who have migrated to other states / countries and the language issues that they face ? i ' m after any papers / research / etc on language behaviours ( ie code-mixing / switching , incorporation of non - malayalam lexemes / grammar , """" malglish """" ( malayalam & english ) or colloquialisms / slang that follow non - malayalam word conjunctions eg : andhi-thalla = dick-head ) and on language issues facing migrant malayalee communities ( ie language maintenance , language change etc ) . does anyone know of any good sources of information ? asha rajan centre for aboriginal studies curtin university of technology perth western australia australia """" as kingfishers catch fire , dragonflies draw flame """" ( gm hopkins )
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 1386,""Subject: qs : serrano and hualapai
  
  i ' m cross-posting this to linguist and endangered-languages - l , so apologies if anyone gets two of these . * * * * * question 1 : serrano language ( in san bernardino , california , united states ) i have been searching without luck for anything regarding the serrano people and especially the serrano language . i ' ve been able to find out that there remains * one * speaker of serrano left , but have had no luck so far in contacting her . you know how that goes : a knows b , who knows c , whose aunt ( d ) is the last speaker . ( these are reliable people , so i feel confident that d speaks serrano ; d 's sister , who also spoke serrano , died recently . ) i live about a mile from the san manuel indian reservation . the people there are serrano , but most just know they are """" indian , """" they do n't know what """" tribe . """" at the tribal offices , the woman i spoke to was unaware that there had ever been a serrano language . the information i have so far comes from anthropology / archaeology people and linguists working at the morongo indian reservation ( cahuilla , in banning , california , united states ) . i ' m afraid that serrano will be history within the next couple of years . does anyone know where i might find information on the serrano language or the people who once spoke it ? * * * * * question 2 : hypothetical situation d , above , is the last remaining speaker of serrano . her serrano would be an idiolect , her personal serrano language . suppose i was able to capture all of her knowledge of the language before she dies and write a descriptive grammar which was then used by others to learn serrano , and the language survived . ( would n't it be nice if things worked that way ! ) would the original idiolect then be classified as a language ? dialect ? still an idiolect ? if serrano would still be an idiolect , since my understanding of the language would most likely be slightly different than d 's , would this be * my * ideolect , or * her * idiolect ? * * * * * question 3 : hualapai language ( in peach springs , arizona , united states ) soon , i will be moving to peach springs , arizona , to the hualapai indian reservation . i will be living there for about three months . the hualapai language is still widely used in peach springs ( still a small group of people though ) , and i am going to be doing a very intensive , crash course in hualapai ( two hours per day , every day , with two native speakers , as well as basic communication with other people outside my """" learning """" time ) . by the end of my stay , i hope to be able to communicate with others , but i ' m pretty sure i won't completely master the language in that short amount of time . my """" official job """" is setting up and fixing the computer network for the school there , but i will also be developing some computer applications in hualapai ( as opposed to an english language interface like we are used to seeing ) . i will also be working with the two native speakers to produce a few books written in hualapai . in addition to these books , i am going to try to translate some public-domain children 's classics , for example _ the wonderful wizard of oz _ , to help me with learning the language , as well as providing great stories for the kids there . i also plan on writing a journal of my learning of the hualapai language ( adult l2 acquisition study ) . i am a self-taught , amateur linguist - - i . e . , i read a lot and pester people with questions . the only formal education i have is a 10 - week course in ( english ) language acquisition by children . my question is , is there any interest outside the hualapai reservation for the software , books , or journal ? the books will be printed and we will need to know how many copies to print ( i . e . , just for use at the school , or extras for other people , too ) . a new edition of the hualapai grammar has been finished ( the old edition is 8 - 1 / 2 x 11 , 575 pages ; i have n't seen the new one yet ) , but not gone to the printers yet , and a dictionary is in the making . the software and journal can be duplicated as needed , but the books can be printed with title vii funds ( government money ) if they are for use at the school only , but we will have to make other funding arrangements if the books are to be sold to people outside the school . is anyone interested ? * * * * * fyi i developed a font for typing in hualapai . it is * not * intended to be a general-purpose , one-size - fits-all font , it is intended to allow rapid typing in hualapai . the font is a times typeface . currently , i have truetype and postsrcipt versions for ibm-pc compatible computers , and in the near future , macintosh versions of truetype and postscript fonts will be available . the sil ( summer institute of linguistics ) and a couple of sites in germany have offered me space on their ftp computers for the font . any other ftp sites would be appreciated . when i get the fonts uploaded , i ' ll post addresses to the lists . the font is """" postcard-ware , """" i . e . , it is free , but you have to send us a postcard from your hometown . : - ) * * * * * as is usual , i will post summaries of answers to my questions to the list if there is sufficient interest . thanks for wading through this long-winded message . chuck coker cjcoker @ csupomona . edu ccoker @ igc . apc . org
 "",0
 1387,""Subject: q : ' this ' and ' that '
  
  dear linguists : some present-day ' european ' languages have only one set of simple demonstratives and the opposition of < this > vs . < that > is expressed by the help of < here > and < there > : french ceci ' this ' ce livre-ci ' this book ' cela ' that ' ce livre-l ` a ' that book ' swedish det ha """" r ' this ' den ha """" r bilen ' this car ' det da """" r ' that ' den da """" r bilen ' that car ' estonian see siin ' this ' see maja siin ' this house ' see seal ' that ' see maja seal ' that house ' my sweidish - german dictionary ( stora tyska ordboken ) gives < der hier > and < der da > as colloquial ( familia """" r , umgangssprachlich ) german forms which conrrespond to < den ha """" r > and < den da """" r > , respectively . how common is a demonstrative system like this ? incidentally , japanese has a rather sophisticated three-way distinction here : kono hon ' this book ( you see here ) ' sono hon ' that book ( you see there ) , the book ( under discussion ) ' ano hon ' that book ( you see over there ) ' so i ' m afraid i will have to convince my students that the japanese are extravagant even in the way of using demonstratives . kazuto matsumura kazuto matsumura kmatsum @ tooyoo . l . u-tokyo . ac . jp - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - institute for cross - cultural studies ( tooyoo gengo ) faculty of letters , university of tokyo hongo 7 - 3 - 1 , bunkyo - ku , tokyo 113 japan tel . + 81 - 3-5800 - 3754 fax : + 81 - 3-5800 - 3740 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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 1388,""Subject: analysis of rap data
  
  dear linguists , some time ago , there was a message posted to the list about the linguistic analysis of data from rap music lyrics . would anyone pursuing this line please get in touch with dr . alexandra vella , university of malta , on : avella @ unimt . mt thank you very much . martin zammit institute of linguistics university of malta
 "",0
 1389,""Subject: need : word order classifications
  
  i have been working on a paper about vennemann 's theory of natural serialization and am currently working on applying it to the current status of languages . i have in mind to compile a list of all european languages , stating which basic word order they have and how consistent they are . is there already such a list anywhere , and if where ; and if not , where could i retrieve this data from ? would it be """" fairer """" to vennemann if i did n't limit myself to european languages ? any help would be greatly appreciated . thank you , mic ps : i hope i have selected the appropriate group . please correct me if i am mistaken !
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 1390,""Subject: gb - based grammars of english
  
  does anyone know of any work being done on pedagogically-useful descriptions of english grammar from the perspective of the gb framework ? library shelves are full of 60 's - era tg grammars of english , compiled with various aims in mind . most current work in gb does not seem very language specific , and this is understandable given the aims of gb , but is there language-specific work being done by someone , or must i continue to use grammars with jazzy disco-looking fonts and pictures of linguists on the back covers with sideburns and bellbottoms ? tony wright < twright @ accdvm . accd . edu > st . philip 's college san antonio , texas , usa
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 1391,""Subject: judging at eisteddfodau
  
  i would like information on award-giving at eisteddfodau , particularly from someone who has taken part in a number of them . please respond directly to me : ormsby @ servidor . unam . mx diolch am fawr . * * * * * + + + + + * * * * * harold ormsby l . centro de investigaciones y estudios superiores en antropologia social ( ciesas ) mexico ormsby @ servidor . unam . mx
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 1392,""Subject: re : syldavian tutorial
  
  jacques guy 's grammar of syldavian is of course a very welcome contribution to the understanding of that seldom investigated language . however , one could n't help being slightly disappointed that it did not contain a translation of the longest text ( and only one , as far as i know ) which has survived in this ancient language . i refer of course to the page of the 14th cent . manuscript which is reproduced in """" le sceptre d ' ottokar """" ( p . 21 ) , and which goes approximately thus : pir ottokar du ~ s pollsz ez ko """" nikstz dan tronn eszt pho ma ~ ozeilla ~ cza """" ida ~ o """" n estca ~ r akpu ~ kzommetz pakkeh o lapza ~ da ko """" nikstz itd o alpu ~ klo """" ppz staszrvitchz erom szu ~ bel o """" . da ~ zsbick ta """" llta o """" pp o ca ~ rro """" . can we have a chapter 2 ? guy deutscher
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 1393,""Subject: ' de proverbio ' news
  
  hi , i have some news regarding ' de proverbio ' and i intend to keep it brief for everybody 's sake . in april the book publisher has been separated from the journal and has now its own direct url , that is http : / / info . utas . edu . au / docs / flonta / dpbooks this month i have published there the ' book of proverbs ' ( bible ) in five languages : latin , english , french , german and italian . each chapter of one language is cross-referenced with the same chapter of all the other languages . you are welcome to have a look . . . and , as there are more than 1 , 400 links in the five books , i would be grateful for any information regarding faulty ones ! i started ' constructing ' the second issue of the journal , which is due in september - october . you might be interested to read an illuminating article written by wolfgang mieder about the proverbial rhetoric in winston churchill . you can access the article directly at http : / / info . utas . edu . au / docs / flonta / dp , 1 , 2 , 95 / churchill . html or via the home page . that 's all from me for the moment . thank you for your indulgence and i hope to hear from you from time to time . ciao and best wishes , teodor dr teodor flonta tel . ( 002 ) 202321 department of modern languages ( italian ) international + 61 02 202321 university of tasmania fax . ( 002 ) 207813 gpo box 252c international + 61 02 207813 hobart tasmania 7001 australia e-mail : teodor . flonta @ modlang . utas . edu . au url : http : / / info . utas . edu . au / docs / flonta / http : / / info . utas . edu . au / docs / flonta / dpbooks
 "",0
 1394,""Subject: new list : arcling
  
  we are happy to announce the establishment of arcling , an e-mail listserver which exists to promote discussion on the interface between archaeology / prehistory and language , conceived in the broadest terms . an additional focus of the list is inter-relations of archaeology and language with ancient dna studies and comparative anthropology . subscribers are urged to post questions , ideas , notices of new findings , conference and workshop announcements , book titles or reviews that relate to these disciplines or related matters . this list was mooted at the language , anthropology and archaeology symposium of world archaeological congress - 3 in new delhi in december 1994 . malcolm ross ( malcolm . ross @ anu . edu . au ) is the primary list owner , doing maintenance and coordinating policy . roger blench ( rmb5 @ hermes . cam . ac . uk ) and matthew spriggs ( spriggs @ coombs . anu . edu . au ) are the secondary list owners , also involved in any policy decisions . to subscribe to the list , send a message to listproc @ anu . edu . au with text as follows : subscribe arcling your name note that arcling also has a digest option , so that you may receive a ( roughly ) daily digest of its messages . some people prefer this , as a busy list can swamp one 's incoming e-mail and be a nuisance . to set this option , subscribe as above , then send a message to listproc @ anu . edu . au with text as follows : set arcling mail digest malcolm ross , roger blench & matthew spriggs .
 "",0
 1395,""Subject: new discussion list
  
  content - length : 2153 subscriptions are invited to the following list . l o w l a n d s - l lowlands - l is an automated worldwide electronic mail list for those who are interested in the languages and cultures of the lowlands adjacent to the coast of the north sea and of baltic sea ( hereafter ` ` lowlands ' ' ) . lowlands - l uses listprocessor at the university of washington ( seattle , u . s . a . ) . the primary focus of lowlands - l is on the germanic languages and their cultural environments that developed and remain in the lowlands ( dutch , frisian , low saxon [ low german ] ) as well as those that descended from these languages or from their predecessors and are used elsewhere ( afrikaans , emigre dutch / frisian / low saxon , lowlands - based pidgins and creoles , and also english and scots ) , thus """" west germanic """" languages except ( high ) german , yiddish , and related varietes . however , other languages and their cultural environments may be discussed if it is relevant to the lowlands context . the basic goals of lowlands - l : - to facilitate global communication and collaboration among those who are interested in lowlands languages , cultures and related topics - to promote and facilitate research and teaching of lowlands languages and cultures - to promote the use of lowlands linguistic and cultural data in general research and publications - to support efforts to protect , revive and advance endangered lowlands languages or language varieties - to pay attention to minority lowlands languages and cultures , including those that are being denied official recognition - to serve as a forum for exploring common and diverse features of lowlands languages and cultures - to provide opportunities to enjoy and enhance mutual intelligibility among lowlands languages in multilingual exchanges - to strengthen linguistic , cultural and social ties among users of lowlands languages , their descendants and their friends to subscribe to lowlands - l please send the following message to listproc @ lists . u . washington . edu : subscribe lowlands - l { your name } * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * e n d * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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 1396,""Subject: gls 1995 schedule ( updated 1 / 19 / 95 )
  
  updated 1 / 19 / 95 ( includes session times ) * * * * * * * * * * the georgetown linguistics society presents gls 1995 : developments in discourse analysis february 17-19 , 1995 georgetown university , washington d . c . * * * * * * * * * * * * conference schedule * * * friday , february 17 * 2 : 00 - 3 : 30 colloquium : developments in signed language discourse part i ( coordinator : melanie metzger ) * ruth morgan the interplay of place and space in a namibian sign language narrative * kathleen wood negotiating literate identities : life stories of deaf students * susan m . mather adult - deaf toddler discourse will the real author please stand up ? : exploiting the speech of others * richard buttny talking race on campus : reported speech in accounts of race relations at a university campus * akira satoh reported speech in english and japanese : a comparative analysis * joyce tolliver evidentiality and accountability in literary narrative 3 : 45 - 5 : 15 colloquium : developments in signed language discourse part ii ( coordinator : melanie metzger ) * tina m . neumann figurative language in an american sign language poem : personification and prosopopoeia * scott liddell and melanie metzger spatial mapping in an asl narrative : examining the use of multiple surrogate spaces * elizabeth a . winston spatial mapping in comparative discourse frames in american sign language political , intellectual , institutional identities * anna de fina pronominal choice , identity and solidarity in political discourse * charlotte linde other people 's stories : third person narrative in individual and group identity * karen tracy the identity work of questioning in intellectual discussion prior discourses and the structure of classroom interaction * mary buchinger bodwell """" now what does that mean , ' first draft ' ? """" : adult literacy classes and alternative models of editing a text * deborah poole the effects of text on talk in a class-room literacy event * myriam torres why teachers do not engage in co-construction of knowledge : a critical discourse analysis 5 : 30 - 6 : 30 plenary speaker : roger shuy 6 : 45 - 7 : 45 plenary speaker : deborah schiffrin 8 : 00 - 11 : 00 reception * saturday , february 18 * 9 : 30 - 10 : 30 plenary speaker : heidi hamilton 10 : 45 - 12 : 45 colloquium : developments in conversation analysis : oh , what , or , pardon ( coordinator : maria egbert ) * paul drew ' what ' ? : a sequential basis for an ' open ' form of repair initiation in conversation ( and some implications for cognitive approaches to interaction ) * maria egbert the relevance of interactants ' eye gaze to the organization of other-initiated repair : the case of german ' bitte ? ' ( ' pardon ? ' ) * anna lindstrom ' or ' - constructed inquiries as a resource for probing the relevance of prior talk in swedish conversation * john heritage ' oh ' - prefaced responses to inquiry privileged views in media discourse * gertraud benke news about news : textual features of news agency copies and their usage in the newsproduction * debra graham racism in the reporting of the o . j . simpson arrest : a critical discourse analysis approach * ian hutchby arguments and asymmetries on talk radio * joanna thornborrow talk shows and democratic discourse interactional explanations for patterns of variation * scott fabius kiesling using interactional discourse analysis to explain variation * sylvie dubois the coherent network of effects on discourse humorous faces * nancy k . baym humorous performance in a computer-mediated group * diana boxer and florencia cortes - conde teasing that bonds : conversational joking and identity display 12 : 45 - 2 : 45 theme lunch 2 : 45 - 4 : 45 negotiating authority and status * cynthia dickel dunn the language of the tea teacher : shifting indexical ground in a japanese pedagogical context * lena gavruseva ' what is this drivel about garages ? ' : the construction of authoritative self in the cover letter discourse * geoffrey raymond the voice of authority : sequence and turn design in live news broadcasts * hideko nornes abe discourse analysis on distal and direct styles of japanese women 's speech narrative structures across languages * viola g . miglio tense alternations in medieval prose texts * asli ozyurek how children use connectives to talk about a conversation * marybeth culley rhetorical elaborations of a chiricahua apache comic narrative genre * bethany k . dumas complex narratives in ozark discourse competing discourses and dominance * tony hak ' she has clear delusions ' : the production of a factual account * catherine f . smith democratic discourses * john clark standard and vernacular : persuasive discourse styles in conflict * kathryn remlinger keeping it straight : the socio-linguistic construction of a heterosexual ideology in a campus community 5 : 00 - 7 : 00 colloquium : discourse and conflict ( coordinator : christina kakava ) * faye c . mcnair - knox discourse and conflict in african - american english womantalk : patterns of grammaticalized disapproval in narratives * christina kakava evaluation in personal and vicarious stories : mirror of a greek man 's self * patricia e . o'connor ' you can't keep a man down ' : positioning in conflict talk and in violent acts * laine berman life stories from the streets : homeless children 's narratives of violence and the construction of a better world discourse influences on syntactic categories and structures * jennifer arnold the interaction between discourse focus and verbal form in mapudungun * rajesh bhatt information status and word order in hindi * paul hopper discourse and the category ' verb ' in english interactional construction of cognitive understanding * pamela w . jordan and megan moser multi - level coordination in computer-mediated conversation * claudia roncarati repetition and cognition in the information flow : a case-study in brazilian portuguese database * andrea tyler and john bro examining perceptions of text comprehensibility : the effect of order and contextualization cues 7 : 15 - 8 : 15 plenary speaker : charles goodwin * sunday , february 19 * 9 : 30 - 10 : 30 plenary speaker : frederick erickson 10 : 45 - 12 : 45 colloquium : frames theory and discourse ( coordinator : janice hornyak ) * janice hornyak personal and professional frames in office discourse * susan hoyle negotiation of footing in play * carolyn kinney the interaction of frames , roles and footings : conversational strategies of co-leaders in a long-term group * yoshiko nakano interplay of expectations in cross-cultural miscommunication : a case study of negotiations between americans and japanese * suwako watanabe framing in group discussion : a comparison between japanese and american students interpreting , challenging , evaluating gender * jennifer curtis contestation of masculine identities in a battering intervention program * keller s . magenau more than feminine : attending to power and social distance dimensions in spoken and written workplace communication * keli yerian professional and gendered identities in the discourse of two public television directors * donna trousdale social languages and privileging : gender and school science discourse discursive enactments of cultural ideologies * isolda carranza stance - making in oral interviews * shari e . kendall religion and experience : constructed dialogue , narrative , and life story in religious testimonies * agnes weiyun he stories as interactional resources : narrative activity in academic counseling encounters * orla morrissey discourse analysis as an evaluation methodology for technology assessment in pre-competitive r and d environments 12 : 45 - 2 : 15 lunch 2 : 15 - 3 : 45 computational approaches to discourse analysis * megan moser and johanna d . moore an approach to the study of discourse cues * yan qu a computational approach for automatically extracting discourse rules * donald lewis theme and eventline in a classical hebrew narrative : a computer-assisted analysis conversational moves * c . antaki , f . diaz , a . collins participants ' orientation to footing : evidence from conversational completion * peter muntigl saving face in argument : an analysis of face-threatening disagreements * martin warren how do conversations begin and end ? fine - tuning conversation * hiroko spees how aizuchi ' back channels ' shape and are shaped by the interaction in japanese conversations * toshiko hamaguchi manifestation of shared knowledge in conversation * yrjo engestrom discursive disturbances as bridge between the micro and the macro : evidence from activity-theoretical studies in collaborative work settings 4 : 00 - 5 : 00 plenary speaker : deborah tannen * * how to contact gls 1995 * * please send registration and requests for information regarding special discounts on airfare , accommodations , and transportation to the georgetown linguistics society : gls 1995 internet : gls @ guvax . georgetown . edu georgetown university bitnet : gls @ guvax . bitnet department of linguistics voice : ( 202 ) 687-6166 479 intercultural center washington , d . c . 20057-1068 regularly updated information is available through the world - wide web georgetown linguistics home page : http : / / www . georgetown . edu / cball / gu _ lx . html * * registration * * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pre-registration form for * * gls 1995 * * please complete and print this form or provide the required information on another sheet of paper and mail to gls 1995 , georgetown university , department of linguistics , 479 intercultural center , washington , d . c . 20057-1068 name : affiliation : mailing address : e - mail address : phone number : registration fee . please remit the appropriate registration fee in the form of a check or money order made payable to """" georgetown university """" : student non - student preregistration ( through feb . 10 ) $ 20 . 00 $ 30 . 00 on - site registration $ 30 . 00 $ 40 . 00 attendance needs ( ) american sign language interpretation ( ) crash space ( first-come basis ) ( ) other ( please specify ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ end of announcement . please distribute as widely as possible . thank you .
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 1397,""Subject: english parser
  
  logos corporation has a pretty good english semantico-syntactic parser ( tagger as a minimum ) incorporated in a machine translation product . we are going to package this as an independent unix - based software package for the institut fuer deutsche sprache in mannheim , germany , and quite possibily a copy of this might be made available to other researchers . this should be readysometime in the next monthor two , as i understand it . the parser dictionary has c . 40 , 000 entries . if interested , please send me a description of intended use , input format considerations , etc . and i ' ll pass it by the powers that be . if your usage would include parser ( tagger ) evaluation , error rates , error feedback , etc . , so much the better . bud scott
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 1398,""Subject: going romance
  
  going romance 1995 please note that in the call for papers for going romance 1995 the e-mail adress is not correct . the correct address is : going . romance @ let . uva . nl excuse us for the confusion . the organising committee .
 "",0
 1399,""Subject: direct working paper 21
  
  development of international research in english for commerce and technology direct direct working paper 21 is out now : thompson , g and guerra ramos , r ( 1995 ) ergativity in the analysis of business texts . aelsu , university of liverpool ( uk ) / cepril , catholic university of sao paulo ( brazil ) . it 's available on-line at : http : / / www . liv . ac . uk / ~ tony1 / direct . html printed copies cost 2 . 50 pounds sterling or 5 . 00 us dollars . requests should be sent to : mr a p berber sardinha aelsu university of liverpool po box 147 liverpool l69 3bx uk
 "",0
 1400,""Subject: aaas ' 96
  
  announcement - - the american association for the advancement of science will meet in baltimore , md . february 8 - 13 , 1996 . section z - linguistics and the language sciences - - will hold its annual business meeting for all z affiliates and friends on friday , feb 9 , 7 : 30 - 10 : 30 pm . ( this is an early announcement so you can write it on your calendars . ) there will be a number of symposia sessions sponsored by our section which will be announced on the linguist net as soon as information is available . we once again urge all linguists to join the aaas - - the major science ' umbrella ' organization in the u . s . it took us many years to be recognized as a legitimate science ( which of course we have been ) and it is important that the number of affiliates for section z be increased dramatically . an application form follows . v . fromkin , secretary , section z american association for the m e m b e r s h i p advancement of science a p p l i c a t i o n po box 2033 marion , oh 43306-4133 name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please check one : address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with subscription to science city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ / / regular - $ 92 state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ / / full - time students : $ 50 ( payment must accompany order ) / / postdoc : $ 67 ( payment must accompany order ) without science : / / supporting member : $ 35 payment method / / check enclosed / / bill me later ( regular only ) primary affiliation : charge my / / visa / / mastercard section z - linguistics and the language sciences credit card # : check this box / / expiration date _ _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _ _ _ signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fast fax your order to : 202 842 1065 international and canadian rates ( with science sub ) are higher and are available upon request .
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 1401,""Subject: url for iulc publications on www
  
  the publications list of the indiana university linguistics club is now available on-line as a world wide web page . it can be reached at the following url : http : / / ezinfo . ucs . indiana . edu / ~ iulc / there are two sections : summary of new titles and the publications list . important note : orders * cannot * be placed through www at this time . prepaid orders ( money order or check drawn on a u . s . bank ) are accepted by regular mail . thank you .
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 1402,""Subject: 6 . 524 german affricates
  
  i may have missed some of the discussion on this matter when i was away for a couple of weeks , but i want to throw in one item if it has n't been in already . in english at least the phonetic distinction between a palatoalveolar afffricate and an alveolar stop + palatoalveolar fricative is patent and unproblematic . in pairs like catch it vs . cat shit ratchet vs . rat shit it is easy to hear the difference , even if the prosodic patterns are the same . in the first ( let 's call it / c ^ / case , the stop segment is not alveolar but palatoalveolar , and short , and the whole two-quality sequence is about the length of an initial voiceless stop ; in the second , let 's call it / ts / cluster , the / t / is more alveolar , a bit retracted but without as much laminal contact , and the length of the sequence is like the length of a cluster , i . e . the stop onset is not ' ovbershort ' , as it is in the first case . i wonder if the distinction in german is more or less the same ? roger lass university of cape town
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 1403,""Subject: appel : euralex96
  
  content - length : 8234 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - seventh euralex international congress - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - european association for lexicography university of gothenburg , sweden august 13-18 , 1996 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - congress organizers martin gellerstam jerker j = e4rborg sven - g = f6ran malmgren kerstin nor = e9n lena rogstr = f6m - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - first circular & call for papers time and venue - - - - - - - - - - - - - the congress starts on the evening of tuesday , august 13 , 1996 , and ends on the morning of sunday , august 18 . = 20 the congress will be held in the faculty of arts building ( """" humanisten """" ) , situated in park surroundings in the southern part of central gothenburg . the plenary sessions will be held at the musicology building just across the park . the bus from landvetter airport ( twenty minutes from the centre of gothenbi ] urg ) stops at korsv = e4gen , a few minutes walk from the faculty building . contact addresses - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the following addresses should be used for all information : congress organizers euralex96 university of gothenburg department of swedish section of lexicology 412 98 gothenburg sweden fax : + 46-31773 44 55 ( """" att . euralex """" ) e - mail : gellerstam @ svenska . gu . se phone : + 46-317734544 ( gellerstam ) + 46-317734467 ( malmgren ) + 46-317734468 ( nor = e9n ) programme - - - - - - - - the euralex congresses bring together scholars , professional lexicographers , publishers and others interested in dictionaries of all types . the programme wil { include a workshop , plenary lectures , parallel sections of individual papers , computer demonstrations , a poster session , and social events for participants and their guests . the opening address will be given by sture alln , former professor of natural language processing at g = f6teborg university and permanent secretary of the swedish academy . topics - - - - - papers are invited on all aspects of lexicography but the principal topics of the congress are : 1 . computational lexicology & lexicography 2 . lexical combinatorics 3 . the dictionary - making process 4 . bilingual lexicography 5 . lexicographical and lexicological projects 6 . terminology and dictionaries for special purposes submission - - - - - - - - - submissions will be refereed by a panel of referees for each major topic ( see above ) , and the programme will be selected by the programme committee . individual presentations should be timed to last 20 minutes , followed by a ten-minute discussion period . there are no restrictions on the language of presentation , but it is not possible to offer interpretation . authors should send five copies of a six - to eight-page double-spaced preliminary version of their paper by october 1 , 1995 to the congress organizers at the address above . the first page should contain the title of the paper , name ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) and complete address ( es of author ( s ) , a 10 - line abstract of the paper , and ( in the top right corner ) the title of the topic panel to which the paper is submitted . authors whose papers are accepted will receive a style guide for the preparation of a camera-ready copy for the proceedings to be published immediately before the congress . important dates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 october 1995 deadline for receipt of abstracts by congress organizers 15 february 1996 despatch of notification of acceptance / rejection 15 april 1996 deadline for receipt of paper for inclusion in the proceedings demonstrations and exhibitions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - computer facilities will be available and presenters are encouraged to offer software demonstrations . there will be an exhibition of dictionaries and other reference books . intending exhibitors should contact the congress organizers . pre - euralex tutorial - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - there will be a pre - euralex tutorial on special field vocabulary . details will be announced later . referees panel ( the euralex board , the lexiconordica editorial committee and the local organizers ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - b . t . s . atkins , h . bergenholtz , h . b = e9joint , t . fontenelle , m . gellerstam , d . gundersen , r . hartmann , u . heid , j = f3n hilmar j = f3nsson , j . j = e4rborg , f . knowles , s . - g . malmgren , c . marello , w . martin , i . meyer , k . nor = e9n , o . norling - christensen , k . varantola = 20 programme committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - henri bejoint ( university of lyon , france ) , ole norling - christensen ( the society for danish language and literature , denmark ) , martin gellerstam ( university of gothenburg , sweden ) . registration - - - - - - - - - - - the registration fee is expected to be sek 2000 ( 275 dollars at the present rate of exchange ) for euralex members and sek 2200 for non-members . the registration fee covers the academic programme , all documentation , including the proceedings , lunches and coffee break refreshments , the congress excursion and all receptions . the congress dinner is not included . the guest fee , payable by guests of the congress participants is sek 800 . it covers the excursion and other other social and cultural events which form part of the programme . the fee for the pre - euralex tutorial is sek 500 . accommodation - - - - - - - - - - - - rooms have been reserved for congress participants in the following hotel c = ategories : first class hotel : single room per night sek 620 tourist class hotel : single room per night sek 400 student rooms : single room per night sek 250 student rooms have bathroom ( shower ) and shared kitchen facilities . the price is calculated on accomodation for five nights . all accomodations are within 15 minutes ' walk from the congress venue . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - to receive the second circular in august 1995 , please complete and return the enclosed form to the congress organizers ( see address above ) before 31 july , 1995 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - preliminary registration form for seventh euralex international congress university of gothenburg , sweden august 13-18 1996 to receive the second circular in august 1995 , please complete and return this form before 31 july , 1995 , to euralex 96 university of gothenburg department of swedish 412 98 gothenburg sweden name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telefax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telephone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . institution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please , tick one of the following alternatives o i wish to present a paper at the congress o i wish to present a poster at the congress o i do not intend to present a paper / poster at the congress accommodation preferences o first class hotel o tourist class o student 's room - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - information about the seventh euralex international congress can also be obtained via www : http : / / logos . svenska . gu . se / euralex . html - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",0
 1404,""Subject: japanese conference
  
  content - length : 2956 - - - - - - - - - - x - sun - data - type : text x - sun - data - description : text x - sun - data - name : text x - sun - content - lines : 0 - - - - - - - - - x - sun - data - type : default x - sun - data - description : default x - sun - data - name : emailad x - sun - content - lines : 136 one-day conference for teachers of english to japanese students saturday the 24th of june 1995 to be held at : gyosei international college in the u . k . reading the conference will include plenary and option sessions on : the japanese education system and cultural differences japanese language teaching cross-cultural studies to elementary-level japanese students using projects and drama in language teaching with japanese students the jet programme teaching content courses to japanese learners gyosei international college in the u . k . is a japanese university situated in reading with approximately 370 japanese students and 55 academic staff , mainly from britain and japan . the staff in the languages department have a wide range of experience in teaching english to japanese learners in britain and in japan . please contact : maria leedham , languages department gyosei international college in the u . k . london road . reading , rg1 5aq . tel . no . 01734 310152 ext . 260 fax no . 01734 310137 ( please make further copies of this form if required . ) i would like to attend the conference on """" teaching english to japanese students """" and enclose a cheque for l35 payable to """" gyosei international college """" . please print clearly in capitals name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . institution : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . address for correspondence : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . daytime telephone number : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it would help us in making the option sessions more relevant if you could answer the following questions : have you ever taught japanese students yes / no if yes , at what level and for how long ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . have you lived in japan ? yes / no if yes for how long ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . are you planning to go to japan in the near future ? eg for the jet programme ? yes / no what are your particular areas of interest with regard to japanese culture and teaching japanese students ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do you require vegetarian food ? yes / no . do you have any other special dietary requirements ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please send this form together with your cheque to : maria leedham , languages department , gyosei international college in the u . k . , london road , reading , rg1 5aq . a receipt will be sent with a full programme and a map .
 "",0
 1405,""Subject: tesol institute 1995 in venezuela
  
  tesol institute 1995 universidad de carabobo valencia , venezuela general information latin america hosts its first tesol institute at the university of carabobo in valencia . this city , located in a valley , has a tropical climate ranging from 23 to 32 degrees centigrade , that provides the opportunity to enjoy a permanent summer vacation . the coast , with its exotic beaches is half an hour away , and caracas , the country 's capital , an hour and a half drive . an elaborate highway system links valencia with other states and major cities . it enjoys the services of an international airport , linking it with the rest of the world . the university of carabobo was founded in 1892 . it offers programs through its 8 faculties , leading to both undergraduate and graduate degrees . the university through its english department at the faculty of education , has become a major center for preparing teachers for venezuela . participants will be exposed to rich and varied historical , sport and touristic attractions , such as the battlefield of carabobo , a horse racing track , an aquarium . in addition to the academic agenda , the ' 95 tesol institute will offer some interesting cultural events . typical venezuelan musical and dance groups , featuring the venezuelan harp and """" cuatro """" will delight everyone . handicrafts and indigenous artcrafts will be displayed . participants may choose to reside in private homes and thus have an opportunity to be part of the daily life of the city and its people . program two three-week sessions from july 17 to august 25 , offering over 30 course topics are scheduled to meet monday through thursday . participants may choose to attend courses for academic credit as offered by the university of carabobo or audit courses on a non credit basis . spanish language and cultural courses with academic credit will be offered to those interested in improving their spanish proficiency and knowledge of latin america . an enrichment program including conferences , workshops and seminars will be offered on fridays . there will be two conferences , as well as a book fair during the event . for more information about courses , registration procedures and tuition , please contact prof . emma miliani c / o ramon viggiani jet cargo international n0 m-510 p . o . box 020010 miami , florida 33102-001 fax : 58-41 - 428382 / 58-41 - 214092 cultural and social activities daily excursions will be offered to many cultural and touristic sights . in addition , during week-ends , day trips will also be planned to surounding beaches and towns . of particular interest will be the week-end trips to canaima , near angel falls , the highest waterfall in the world ; to morrocoy national park , very well known due to its wonderfull beaches ; and to los roques national park , a paradise for those who like snorkelling . tesol membership for more information about tesol membership contact : teachers of english to speakers of other languages 1600 cameron street , suite 300 alexandria , virginia 223134 - 2751 usa tel . ( 703 ) 836-0774 - fax ( 703 ) 836-7864
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 1406,""Subject: june 1995 boolean conference
  
  the legacy of george boole 28th - 30th june 1995 university college , cork ( ucc ) ( 150 years old anniversary ) ireland , eu conference : this conference will open at 9 . 30 a . m . on wednesday , 28th june and close at lunchtime on friday , 30th june . we are at present finalising the programme for the conference , and awaiting titles of presentations . boole : boolean logic is a logic originated by george boole ( 1815-1864 ) at university college cork ( ucc ) ( then queen 's university ) in ireland in 1854 . his motivation was to develop a logic of human intelligence . speakers : g . k . batchelor ( cambridge university ) robert l . devaney ( boston university ) keith devlin ( st . mary 's college of california ) ivor grattan - guinness ( middlesex university ) theodore hailperin ( lehigh university ) desmond machale ( ucc ) john mccarthy ( stanford university ) roger penrose ( oxford university ) there will be an afternoon tour to places of boolean interest , and there will be a conference dinner on the thursday night in the aula maxima . ( ir 25 per person ) . the conference fee will be $ 30 ( ir 20 pounds ) for early registration before the end of may , or $ 50 ( ir 30 pounds ) for registration in june . this fee includes opening reception , lectures and coffee breaks . accompanying persons ' fee will be $ 15 ( ir 10 pounds ) . professor jim bowen , dr . donal hurley , professor desmond machale , lucette murray - committee . contacts : the ucc150 office ( e-mail ucc150 @ iruccvax . ucc . ie ) or donal hurley ( e-mail djh @ iruccvax . ucc . ie ) flights : from * * manchester * * , leeds / bradford , liverpool , london and midlands ( england ) on carriers such as aer lingus , british midlands , ryanair some direct flights from the usa ( boston ) and the continent !
 "",0
 1407,""Subject: possessives
  
  i ' ve been away for awhile , but i just came back and checked my email , finding benji wald 's speculative comments on _ of 's _ constructions , dated may 20th , the linguist list . i just want to say one thing : way to go , benji ! ! i think it 's great that my question and summary can have led to such great and interesting ruminating on an admittedly poorly-understood area of the english language . as i wrote to another interested party , i hope that this whole thing has opened up a great big can of worms , the messier the better . i ' m just vindictive enough to love seeing formalist theories smashed to smithereens by real language data , and just crazy enough to love the chaos . i 'd love to see more comments put out on the list by anyone with even a passing interest in the matter and a few baffling examples they can't explain . just to further the matter a little , i 'd like to comment on something in benji wald 's article ? ( installment ? memo ? hmmm . . . . what do we call serial email things like this ? ) he wrote : > a friend of john 's ( inhale ) wife = ? ? one of john 's friends ' wife > > / and i ' m starting to dislike the last example on the right . / > > i do n't think position of inhale really helps , well , maybe if you > know whether i ' m asthmatic or not ( is that how you spell it in > english ? ) > also note in passing that another irregular plural can take a bow for > doing something useful , > > one of john 's wife 's friends vs . one of john 's wives ' ( ? ? es ) friends > > cntr . one of john 's significant other 's ( / others ' ( ? ? es ' ) friends > > ( and once again : yeah , but if you say it . . . ) > > but then again , what 's the difference between : > one of john 's friends ' ( . . . ) wife and one of john 's friends ' > wives > ( i mean given current anglophonic customs ) , except that we can > formally reduce the latter to > one of the wives > but not the former to > one of the wife > / that 's why i do n't like """" one of john 's friends ' wife """" / i think i understand why he does n't like _ one of john 's friends ' wife _ - - it 's because it sounds funny if we have the abbreviated phonological form [ . . . djanz frenz wayf ] . but , if we add in another / z / to """" friends ' """" , it seems to sound better ( even more so with modification ) : 1 ) one of john 's long-time friends 's [ frenz . z ] wife is evil . however , 2 ) the wife of one of john 's ( long-time ) friends 's is evil . sounds better than either to me . but here 's something for the experts . in sentence ( 2 ) above , i feel an almost irresistable urge to steal the final / z / from """" friends 's """" and put it on """" john 's """" , which would leave the sentence : 2 ' ) the wife of one of john 's 's [ djanz . z ] long-time friends is evil . which , funny as it looks in print , is the most grammatical-sounding sentence so far , as far as i ' m concerned . in ( 2 ' ) , the wife has to be the friend 's , of course , and not john 's , so why is """" john """" able to get the / z / ? signed , another ( happily ) flustered linguist .
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 1408,""Subject: re : 6 . 775 , syldavian tutorial
  
  there is one ( at least ) translation of the oldest syldavian text , which our first tutorial ommitted . ihave waited to long to refer interested readers to my sources , but it is an inevitable work for those interested as much in syldavian as in bordurian . it comes from frederic soumois ' dossier tintin : sources , versions , themes , structures , jacques antoine , 1987 . it shows how much herge used brussels french and flemish roots in every language he """" devised """" in his works . for example , pace guy who adopted herge 's own suggestion of translation of """" eih bennek , eih blavek """" by """" qui s ' y frotte s ' y pique """" ( roughly , """" whoever rubs himself against it will get stung by it """" ) , it looks more like dutch """" hier ben ik , hier blijf ik """" , meaning """" here i am , here i stay """" . the translation soumois proposes for the xivth century manuscript goes approximately like this ( i won't bother to go into the etymological details , and i won [ t try to reproduce the original text : """" father ottokar , thou art then king of [ the city / poland ? ] , then the trone is for me """" . that one says to the other : """" come get the sceptre """" . and the king stroke staszrvich with the sceptre , and the nanny-goat [ ? ] fell on the floor / was left on the field . """" i also recommend , as an example of l2 morphology , the excellent passage in borduria that one can find in the french version of """" the calculus affair """" ( l ' affaire tournesol ) , unfortunately absent in the english version , and hopefully to be found again in the german version , if i can get it ( and probably not in the chinese version ) . there are also short passages of linguistic interest in destination moon and explorers on the moon , and , for arumbaya , in tintin and the broken ear . any useful or absolutely useless information welcome . richard desrochers
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 1409,""Subject: etymo-dicts
  
  i ' m amazed and shocked that in his 2nd summary of etymological dictionaries , se rme 's again failed to mention under caucasian ( or anywhere else ) the incomparab le ( or is it incompatible ? ) : g . a . klimov . etimologicheskij slovar ' kartvel 's kix jazykov . 1964 . moskva : izdatel 's tvo akademii nauk cccp ( i mean sssr ) . [ etymological dictionary of the kartvelian languages - all four of them ! ]
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 1410,""Subject: sum : mongolian - g -
  
  some weeks ago i posted a query as to the historical source of an epenthetic / g / , which appears between certain stem-final and suffix-initial vowels in mongolian . only sergej krylov knew about mongolian specifically , and his message appears below . > some remarks about the epenthetic / g / in mongolian . > as far as i know : > 1 ) in """" hard """" words it is not phonetically / g / , it is a > fricative sound ( written phonetically as the greek """" gamma """" ) . > in """" soft """" words it is / g / . ( note that the traditional terms for > """" hard """" and """" soft """" words are """" back """" and """" front """" recpectively , > but at least for khalkha the terms """" hard """" and """" soft """" are > preferable ) . > 2 ) historically it was not an epenthesis . on the contrary , in > proto - mongolian there was no long vowels , and between the > short vowels corresponding the modern mongolian """" morae """" > ( halves of the long syllables ) there was """" g """" . the old mongolian > script shows it rather clearly . then this """" g """" became > """" weakened """" between vowels , and then it was fully omitted , > and instead of two syllables appeared two-morae ( that is , > long ) syllables . > but there were some phonological positions where there > were no elision of """" g """" , namely , where two sequences of the > type v + g + v followed after each other . that is : vgv - - ) vv - - > long v ; but vgv + vgv - - ) vvgvv - - > long v + g + long v ( it was before > suffixes with initial vgv ) ( unfortunately i do n't know how to > represent """" gamma """" and the transcriptional symbol of length in ) this e-mail system and have to write """" g """" and """" long """" ) . > as a result of this process , the modern mongolian > epenthesis appeared . > the direction of the diachronic sound changes do not > necessarily coincide with the direction of the sound > alternation viewed from the purely synchronic point of view . > the example with the mongolian epenthesis is one of the > examples for it . > if my remarks are not clear enough , i can explain it > separately . > sincerely yours , > sergej a . krylov > ursula doleschal ( ursula . doleschal @ wu-wien . ac . at ) > institut f . slawische sprachen , wirtschaftsuniv . wien > augasse 9 , 1090 wien , austria > tel . : + + 43 - 1-31336 4115 , fax : + + 43 - 1-31336 744
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 1411,""Subject: neurophysiology and written language
  
  i would be grateful for references to recent research that would fall under the category of neurophysiology . does anyone know of studies on aphasic or other kinds of patients who are trying to recover fluency in the use of language by using computers to communicate with therapists , caretakers , or doctors ? the focus of this type of research should be on the strengthening of neural networks through the use of computers by sending and receiving messages . it could also involve performing specific types of exercises that stress writing as opposed to speech . your assistance will be greatly appreciated . please reply to sotillo @ apollo . montclair . edu
 "",0
 1412,""Subject: chinese rhymes - - help needed
  
  i am doing a study of rhyming practices in popular chinese verses . unfortunately , some of the corpora are only in characters , and my ability to read these is very limited . i am wondering if there is anybody out there who can read mandarin fluently who would be interested in collaborating ? alexis mr
 "",0
 1413,""Subject: call for data : please post
  
  text follows : new words in native languages : a call for data do you have information about newly coined words in a native american language ? would you be willing to share the information ? my name is laura roller . i am a graduate student under the direction of dr . elizabeth brandt in the department of anthropology at arizona state university . i am researching new words coined in native american languages ( including native hawaiian ) for their semantic content . this research is part of a larger project investigating native american language renewal . i am seeking examples of coined words , along with morphological and semantic analysis to assist me as a non-speaker . if you have this kind of information , i would like to hear from you ! participation is of course voluntary , and return of information will be considered your consent to participate in the research . you can contact me at laura . roller @ asu . edu . besides the initial contact , some follow-up questioning via e-mail or by telephone may be necessary . questions about the research design may be directed to dr . elizabeth brandt at brandt @ anthro . la . asu . edu .
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 1414,""Subject: sum : ' this ' and ' that '
  
  dear colleagues : last week i sent a query to this list asking you about the fomral opposition between ' this ' and ' that ' in the demonstratives ( june 4 , 6 . 772 , qs : ' this ' , . . . ) . i have received 26 responses by now , and so think it necessary to compile a quick summary today as i will be away from tokyo for more than two weeks starting tomorrow . the original text of my query was as follows : some present-day ' european ' languages have only one set of simple demonstratives and the opposition of ( this ) vs . < that > is expressed by the help of ( here ) and < there > : french ceci ' this ' ce livre-ci ' this book ' cela ' that ' ce livre-l ` a ' that book ' swedish det ha """" r ' this ' den ha """" r bilen ' this car ' det da """" r ' that ' den da """" r bilen ' that car ' estonian see siin ' this ' see maja siin ' this house ' see seal ' that ' see maja seal ' that house ' my sweidish - german dictionary ( stora tyska ordboken ) gives ( der hier ) and ( der da ) as colloquial ( familia """" r , umgangssprachlich ) german forms which conrrespond to ( den ha """" r ) and < den da """" r > , respectively . how common is a demonstrative system like this ? incidentally , japanese has a rather sophisticated three-way distinction here : kono hon ' this book ( you see here ) ' sono hon ' that book ( you see there ) , the book ( under discussion ) ' ano hon ' that book ( you see over there ) ' so i ' m afraid i will have to convince my students that the japanese are extravagant even in the way of using demonstratives . though the last paragraph was intended as an allusion to the way japanese tourists spend money overseas , quite a few people , both japanese and non - japanese , took it seriously and tried to convince me that the japanese language ( sic ! ) was by no means """" extravagant """" because it was not alone in having a three-way distinction in the demonstratives . some even drew my attention to the existence of a language with a five-way distinction . i thank them for the examples of various demonstrative systems they sent me , but this is not the point i wanted to discuss . perhaps i should have stated explicitly that i was interested in the morphology of demonstrative pronouns / adjectives . it is very important that french , for instance , has one basic demonstrative pronoun-adjective , i . e . ( ce ) , on the morph-lexical level , and that the speaker of french may optionally add an element meaning either ( here ) or < there > in order to make finer distinctions ( ce livre-ci , cette table-l ' a ) . in japanese , however , there 's no single basic demonstrative pronoun-adjective like ( ce ) in french : the speaker of japanese must always choose one from the set of three lexically distinct demonstrative forms . this is a big difference , and puzzels many of my students in my estonian syntax class . here are the responses which i think have direct relevance to my interest : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i imagine that your posting was a bit abbreviated , so did not mention the swedish demonstratives denna / detta / dessa and den / det / de , which in any case are grammatically correct but not usual in conversational speech ( """" den tiden , """" """" det aaret , """" """" de fraagorna """" ) . one would expect danish and norwegian to be similar in this regard to swedish , but unfortunately i have little information to contribute . while danish does has both den / det / de and so on plus the option of adding """" der """" ( """" tag den bog , """" """" naer saa du de mennesker ? """" ; """" hvad er det der ? """" , """" jeg tager dem ( der ) """" ) , i ' m not certain whether usage is quite the same , that is , whether the """" den der """" forms predominate as they do in swedish . [ . . . ] certain dialects of american english do use """" this here """" and """" that there , """" as attested by the way schoolteachers warn their students not to use those expressions . they ' re nonstandard and are regarded as uneducated usages , though i suspect that they actually come from older dialects of british descent in which they were acceptable . - - brian white ( bfwhite @ watson . ibm . com ) - - the use of compund demonstratives is indeed common in my own mother tongue , norwegian , and i believe in all ' scandinavian ' languages , ie norwegian , danish and swedish . i feel that it is a feature of colloquial speech , and i would be surprised to find it in ( formal ) writing . in fast speech the distinction between the two demonstratives tends to be lost , at least in my own dialect ( bergen , western norway ) : den her bilen - - - - ) 'd enner bilen ' ( this car ) den der bilen - - - - ) 'd enner bilen ' ( that car ) moreover , norwegian ( and , i believe , swedish + danish ) has the distinctions : den bilen vs denne bilen ( that car vs this car ; masc . ) det huset vs dette huset ( that house vs this house ; neu . ) which seem to correspond closely to this / that in english , and are perfectly acceptable in written and spoken norwegian . - - gisle andersen ( gisle . andersen @ eng . uib . no ) - - as a native speaker , i would not really use ( der hier ) even colloquial , ( der da ) is possible , an would more likely contrast with < der dort > , which implies that ( der da ) goes along with < this > and not with < that > ! but in general : it is always a problem for native speakers of german to acquire the this / that distinction , as we do not draw the same boundaries . maybe , a more formal ( in terms of the register ) would be : ( dieses ) ( this ) and < jenes > ( that ) - - this it at least what i use in translations ( and also what my german / english dictionary advises me to do - but never trust a dictionary ) . actually , we do not use ( jenes ) very much , it goes along with very formal speech and maybe even old - fashioned . - - gertraud benke ( gertraud @ leland . stanford . edu ) - - english colloquially , esp . black eng . vernacular , uses ' this here ' and ' that there . ' ' this book here ' vs . ' this book there ' sounds perfectly normal , while ' this here book ' and ' that there book ' sound mostly like american english from the south-east portion of the u . s . - - tim beasley ( tbeasley @ ucla . edu ) - - you might be interested to know that many dialects of english ( appalachian us , and therefore some british dialects as well ) have a similar opposition to the one you ' re talking about : this here dog that there dog there is more than one demonstrative used , but the """" here """" and """" there """" seem to be relics of some old germanic usage . - - james kirchner ( jpkirchner @ aol . com ) - - in some dialects of british english ( i ' m not excluding other varieties but i do n't know them well enough ) ' this here ' and ' that there ' are perfectly acceptable eg ' look at this here postcard that she sent me ' ' pick up that there bucket ' these are normal in my dialect - - david britain ( dbritain @ essex . ac . uk ) - - there is another funny case . in colloquial english , you can say """" this here x """" and """" that there x """" . in greek , there is """" afto edho """" ( usually pronounced """" aftodho """" ) and """" ekino eki """" ( """" ekinoki """" ) with the same meaning . ( """" dh """" = postdental fricative ) - - stavros macrakis ( macrakis @ osf . org ) - - interestingly , afrikaans , as a dutch - based creole , has developed ' hierdie ' ( litt . ' here-that ' ) for ' this ' , whereas dutch itself has no such system , using simply 'd eze ' for ' this ' and 'd ie ' for ' that ' . - - henk wolf ( h . a . y . wolf @ stud . let . ruu . nl ) - - i am not sure i understand the question correctly , but in italian ( northern italian at least ) you can say questo qui - or - questo qua ( this here ) instead of """" questo """" quello li ' - or - quello la ' ( that there ) instead of """" quello """" these are both colloquial forms . i cannot really say whether they are used in other parts of italy . - - anna mazzoldi ( mazzoldi @ iol . ie ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - it seems that with a few execptions ( italian dialects , greek ) , the phenomenon seems characteristic of germanic languages and languages that have gone through strong germanic influence ( french , estonian ) . note incidentally that finnish , which is genetically closely related to estonian , is on the japanese side , and that a similar split seems to exist among the romance languages as well . interesting ? the others gave me examples of """" richer """" demonstrative systems . if you are interested in those data , please ask me for a copy of the file which contains all the responses in the unedited form . my hearty thanks to the following people who have responded to my query : philippe l . valiquette ( phlcvali @ vm1 . ulaval . ca ) gertraud benke ( gertraud @ leland . stanford . edu ) brian white ( bfwhite @ watson . ibm . com ) tim beasley ( tbeasley @ ucla . edu ) adriano paolo palma ( pyapp @ sun22 . ccunix . ccu . edu . tw ) james kirchner ( jpkirchner @ aol . com ) eugene loos ( eugene . loos @ sil . org ) murat kural ( izzyfk6 @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu ) derek gowlett ( gowlett @ beattie . uct . ac . za ) jeff allen ( jhallen @ indiana . edu ) merce ( prat @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk ) nino ( n . vessella @ agora . stm . it ) david beck ( djbeck @ uvvm . uvic . ca ) debra r west / markell ( markell @ afterlife . ncsc . mil ) anna mazzoldi ( mazzoldi @ iol . ie ) stavros macrakis ( macrakis @ osf . org ) gisle andersen ( gisle . andersen @ eng . uib . no ) david britain ( dbritain @ essex . ac . uk ) henk wolf ( h . a . y . wolf @ stud . let . ruu . nl ) kiyoko takahashi ( gc610817 @ netserv . chula . ac . th ) philippe mennecier ( ferry @ cimrs1 . mnhn . fr ) david parkinson ( dp11 @ cornell . edu ) anton sherwood ( dasher @ netcom . com ) ( nebiye . kurtboeke @ arts . monash . edu . au ) kirk belnap ( belnapk @ yvax . byu . edu ) geoffrey s . nathan ( geoffn @ siu . edu ) ( as of 09 : 30 jst june 8 , 1995 ) best wishes kazuto kazuto matsumura kmatsum @ tooyoo . l . u-tokyo . ac . jp - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - institute for cross - cultural studies ( tooyoo gengo ) faculty of letters , university of tokyo hongo 7 - 3 - 1 , bunkyo - ku , tokyo 113 japan tel . + 81 - 3-5800 - 3754 fax : + 81 - 3-5800 - 3740 , 5803-2784 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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 1415,""Subject: mac parallel concordancer available
  
  before christmas i sent a message to the list about a mac concordance program called monoconc . that program is now available as monoconc . hqx from the ftp site at rice university . to retrieve the program , ftp to ftp . rice . edu and connect to the directory pub / ling . monoconc is a spin-off of another program i have been working on , which is paraconc . paraconc is a concordance program that works with parallel texts , i . e . , two texts ( translations ) that have been aligned so that sentence number n ( or linguistic unit n ) in language a is lined up with sentence n in language b . paraconc itself does not do any alignment ; hence the texts must be aligned manually ( i . e . , with a word processor ) or by using another program . once each text is loaded into the program , a search can be performed . as with monoconc , a word , part-of - word , or phrase can be entered . the program produces a numbered key-word - in-context concordance based on the occurrence of the search term in text a . a second window displays the sentences in text b that contain the translations of the concordance lines . the concordance lines can be sorted 1l or 1r and the results can be saved or printed . i am making paraconc available to the academic community as a standalone shareware program . i would be happy to receive corpora ( parallel or single ) in exchange . corpora for our use at rice university or for distribution to a wider community are all welcome . paraconc is available by ftp from ftp . rice . edu in the directory pub / ling . the program ( on a disk ) and manual can be purchased from athelstan ( 800-598 - 3880 ) . questions , complaints , and requests for different versions of the software can be sent to me . i am also interested in making contact with other linguists working or thinking about working with parallel texts for research and language teaching . michael barlow dept of linguistics rice university barlow @ ruf . rice . edu
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 1416,""Subject: arizona and the web
  
  everybody : the url for linguistics at the university of arizona is now : http : / / radon . gas . uug . arizona . edu / ~ weinberg / index . html there is also now massive amounts of information describing just about every aspect of our undergraduate and graduate offerings , our programs , our faculty , etc . mike hammond
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 1417,""Subject: fyi : hellenistic greek linguistics resources
  
  announcing : hellenistic greek linguistics on the internet [ with apologies for any multiple postings ] i am pleased to announce new resources designed to bring together scholars interested in the study of hellenistic ( including new testament ) greek linguistics . these resources include world wide web pages ( accessible with such programs as lynx , mosaic and netscape ) as well as a mailing list . as well as general discussion , the list ( which is archived on the web pages ) provides a forum for discussing the new reference grammar planned as a complete revision of blass , debrunner and funk 's standard work . the web pages include bibliographies and a ( newly started ) electronic archive of papers . to browse the web pages , go to the url : http : / / tartarus . uwa . edu . au / hgrk to subscribe to the mailing list , send a request to : jtauber @ tartarus . uwa . edu . au and to send a message to the entire list , write to : greek-grammar @ tartarus . uwa . edu . au please feel free to make enquires to jtauber @ tartarus . uwa . edu . au james k . tauber ( jtauber @ tartarus . uwa . edu . au ) 4th year honours student , centre for linguistics university of western australia , wa 6009 , australia
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 1418,""Subject: case-marked locatives
  
  does anyone know about locative elements such as english _ there _ which are ( overtly ) case-marked , i . e . have a different form when used as subjects and objects ? if so , are there cases where the locative is also used as an expletive ( as in the english : _ there _ came a man ) ? please reply to me ( starke @ uni2a . unige . ch or the above one ) and i will post a summary , thanks michal starke .
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 1419,""Subject: desparately seeking
  
  i am trying to get hold of a copy of a book reviewed in language last year : yolanda lastra ( 1992 ) sociolinguistica para hispanoamericanos . mexico city : el colegio de mexico none of the obvious people to get in touch with have answered my e-mail . does anyone on this list know how / where i can find this book ? even a snail-mail address for el colegio de mexico would be helpful . many thanks . david beck , university of victoria , canada djbeck @ uvvm . uvic . ca
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 1420,""Subject: odd descriptions of character
  
  in discussing some old , and some contemporary , character descriptions given to people , i was wondering about some of their derivations . for instance , does anyone know of the origin and / or historical meaning of some of the following strange and humorous appellations ? nincompoop knucklehead blockhead nerd dweeb geek i expect some of the terms to have been fanciful phonological inventions ( such as in lewis carroll 's _ alice in wonderland _ ) , but others might actually be derived from meaningful ( even if pejorative ) references . if you have any input , i 'd like to hear it . thanks , michael beard wayne state university 73131 . 3101 @ compuserve . com
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 1421,""Subject: fyi : url for cascadilla press
  
  cascadilla press now has their linguistics catalog available on the world wide web at http : / / www . shore . net / ~ cascadil / linguistics . html , including information on arboreal and the proceedings of the bu conference on language development .
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 1422,""Subject: list of language lists version 1b
  
  the newest version of the list of language lists is now available by anonymous ftp from midir . ucd . ie in the directory / mgunn / everson michael everson , everson gunn teoranta 15 port chaeimhghein i / ochtarach ; baile a / tha cliath 2 ; e / ire * ireland gutha / in : + 353 1 478-2597 , + 353 1 283-9396 facsa : + 353 1 283-7778 27 pa / irc an fhe / ithlinn ; baile an bho / thair ; co . a / tha cliath ; e / ire
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 1423,""Subject: home page for the journal language
  
  language , the journal of the linguistic society of america , now has a home page on the www . it can be found at the following address : http : / / semlab2 . sbs . sunysb . edu / language / language . html there is a link to it from the linguistics virtual library on the www . the home page contains a current style sheet for language , address information , and a table of contents for the forthcoming ( june ) issue . tables of contents for further issues will be added and updated as they become available . browsers are encouraged to send comments and suggestions for improvement to mkappus @ semlab2 . sbs . sunysb . edu
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 1424,""Subject: swadesh list
  
  does anyone have a copy of the swadesh word list at hand ? i should like to get a copy by email as soon as is practicable . thanks in advance . adams bodomo bodomo @ csli . stanford . edu
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 1425,""Subject: feminine-he , singular-they
  
  content - length : 8133 dear language scholars . i am presenting the following material as a discussion item . one of my ultimate purposes is to contribute to the revised oed due out in 2005 . for a paper i am currently working on , i ' m requesting comments and contributions . a summary will be forthcoming . feminine-he and singular-they mine is a new set of explanations for the two most regularly discussed grammatical oddities of english : indefinite / proverbial he and singular they . ( i will also touch on them and their . ) the orthodox view of pronoun history ( for she , they , them , their ) involves the north-to - south """" wave theory , """" as stated as early as 1866 by richard morris . it is the theory that is set forth in the oed and has never been questioned . the feminine h - stem , according to this accepted view , was displaced in the language in a wave of cultural diffusion when the feminine pronunciation began to approximate that of the masculine pronoun in the 12th and 13th centuries . the other pronouns discussed here also involved the north-to - south waves of diffusion . my contention is that the significant cause for the historical replacement of these pronouns ( except for the h - stem subject plural ) was the standardizing force exerted by the printing press - - it happened rather quickly - - not waves of cultural diffusion over centuries . in my analysis of the seventeen manuscripts of the a - version of piers plowman , the h - stem feminine is found with great regularity . how can this be explained ? in many lines , the occurrences in the manuscripts of h - stem feminines outnumber the sh - forms found in the same lines . many manuscripts use both forms . the manuscripts are copies of copies of copies . on the bases of the manuscripts that have been dated , i place the """" average """" manuscript within a few generations of the advent of printing . my explanation , perhaps the anglo - norman rulers had a predilection for a distinction in the masculine / feminine singular . while the folk generally used the bi-gendric """" egalitatian """" h - stem form in the vernacular , the more politically correct sh - form was preferred at oxford / cambridge , in proper social etiquette , and in writing when referring to a """" lady . """" when caxton began his enterprise , the sh - form ( as well as the others spoken of here ) became enforced as the correct form through the great power of the press . and the h - stem feminine remained known in the spoken language , alongside the sh - form , well beyond printing . it had not dropped from speech and become archaic by 1300 . when the """" prescriptive """" grammarians prescribed indefinite-he , this h - stem still carried in its semantic domain a bi-gendric reference . although the seventeen manuscripts of piers is my main corpus of evidence , there are various kinds of other evidence to support my theory for the late survival of the h - stem feminine in the colloquial of the middle ages . one of the more interesting is the existence of the h - stem feminine in gullah ( when and if west african origins are discounted ) . other supporting evidence can be found in various places in the oed . it is scanty and scattered , but nonetheless there . h - stem and sh - form feminines existed for centuries , side by side , as formal and informal , although , for sure , in many cases the distinction was lost . """" hi was a fair wifman """" is found in the mid - 14th century agenbite of inwyt ( i am currently translating this work ) . in it , the pronunciation of the feminine pronoun is the same as the modern masculine ! ( the vowel had not yet diphthongized ) . the supposition that this h - stem is a """" literary form , """" as suggested by the oed ( presumably this means copied in manuscript from an earlier exemplar ) is untenable because the agenbite was translated directly from french . i have extracted the pronoun paradigms from all the manuscripts of the a - version of piers . in addition to the great evidence for the wide use of the h - stem feminine centuries beyond its supposed demise , the h - stem plural ( although extremely rare ) can also be found ( in line prologue 63 it is used to satisfy alliteration ! ) . and in every manuscript of piers the h - stem obliques ( modern them and their ) are to be found ( often alongside the th - forms ) . and then , in a generation after printing , the h - stems for she , they , them , and their seem to vanish ! ! , at least from the written evidence . the h - stem feminine held wide currency in the colloquial of the middle ages and therefore , supported by other evidence , was not unknown to the prescriptive grammarians a few centuries later . the accepted theory that the h - stem feminine dropped from the language before 1300 , prior to the time the poem """" alysoun """" was written , is in need of revision . piers shows it to have been very much alive in the 15th century . an explanation for the replacement of the h - stem plural nominative by they , a replacement occurring earlier than the other pronouns in question , has never been proposed . would n't there have been pressure for some alternative to the oe h - stem subject plural as a result of the disappearance of the preterit plural during this period ? because the english verb lost its marker in the preterit for number , the h - stem plural ( which shared the same form with the feminine singular nominative ) became in some contexts ambiguous for number . a new form was needed . although a norse form may have reinforced it among northern speakers , there was a native singular form available from the same set of oe demonstratives that gave us the . the and they appear to be duplets . if this is so , then the singular morphology of they is in fact historical and has been alive in the colloquial for a very long time ! ! the , in oe a singular , developed as a singular / plural ( the car / cars ) , extended to the accusative , but lost its absolute ( stand-alone ) use . they , retaining the pronunciation of oe the , was restricted to the nominative , and became the unambiguous written plural by 1400 - - but in the colloquial it retained also its singular morphology . later , in regard to them and their , caxton used the th - forms as the unambiguous plurals because the h - stems for these pronouns had throughout england a tremendous diversity of forms . for example , in one ( written ) dialect her would be a feminine / singular / possesive , in another it would be an all-genders / plural / possesive . caxton needed forms that would be universally understood , hence the written th - form obliques replaced the h - stems in an historic blink of the eye - - not in a wave of cultural diffusion that coincidentally wafted through london at the time caxton set up his print shop . a well supported case can be made for the late survival of the h - stem feminine , into the 15th century , and hence a case for its cultural currency at the time of the prescriptive grammarians . if this is so , the exclusion of one gender from """" cognitive space """" would not apply , and hence the motives of these grammarians would have to be reassessed . if in fact the sapir - whorf hypothesis does apply to pronouns , then i invite comment to help me understand two facts . 1 ) that for two-thirds of the history of english the subject pronoun used to refer to a group of men / boys was a form that was identical to the feminine singular ; and 2 ) the expression by a pronoun of """" possessing """" something by men / boys was also for two-thirds of the history of english expressed by a form that was morphologically marked for feminine but not masculine .
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 1426,""Subject: q : """" english only """"
  
  content - length : 1562 my recent query on wwi era suppression of german in iowa has brought up another issue . many in the linguistics field commonly use a term """" english only """" by which they mean a movement whose members ( many of whom are non-native english speakers ) refer to themselves as the """" official english movement """" . to me the term """" english only """" , possibly intentionally , implies a total ban on the use of any other language . the only proposed """" official english """" amendment i ' ve seen is the one proposed by the organization u . s . english . it stated very clearly that it was not to be construed as restricting the use of languages other than english in private life , daily business affairs , or in situations in which the speaker 's safety is at stake . i ' ve also seen polls , particularly from california , that claim that anywhere from 60 % to 85 % of various immigrant groups , that would be affected by such an amendment , actually favor one , in direct opposition to activist groups claiming to represent them . i can't imagine people favoring an """" english only """" amendment that would place a total ban on use of their native languages . leaving aside the blanket idea that """" life is politics , """" can anyone tell me of a recent case ( say , in the last 30 years ) in which a law that would completely ban use of languages other than english has come up for a vote somewhere in the u . s . ? i do n't think it 's impossible . i 'd just like to see one , if there have been any . james kirchner
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 1427,""Subject: functions of language www home page
  
  content - length : 1277 the journal devoted to functional approaches to language , * functions of language * , now has its own 3w home page . the url is : http : / / allserv . rug . ac . be / ~ dnoel / folhome . html there you will find links to the journal 's statement of purpose , some notes for contributors , its style sheet , and the tables of contents of past and forthcoming issues . do have a look ! dirk noel contragram dept . of english university of gent rozier 44 b-9000 gent belgium phone : + 32 9 264 3789 fax : + 32 9 264 4179 e - mail : dirk . noel @ rug . ac . be
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 1428,""Subject: 2nd issue contragram on www
  
  content - length : 1340 a hypertext version of the second issue of contragram , the quarterly newsletter of the university of gent 's contrastive grammar research group , is now available on the web . it can be accessed through the url http : / / allserv . rug . ac . be / ~ dnoel / index . html ) from the table of contents : corpus research and the patterns of ( french ) * pretendre * bilingual dictionaries and corpus research frequency data from corpus research : the case of ( dutch ) * beslissen * comments welcome ! dirk noel contragram dept . of english university of gent rozier 44 b-9000 gent belgium e - mail : dirk . noel @ rug . ac . be
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 1429,""Subject: re : a * real * virus alert ( fwd )
  
  fyi about what looks like the real thing this time . cherilyn : ) - - - - - - - - - - forwarded message - - - - - - - - - - date tue , 6 jun 1995 09 : 43 : 50 - 0400 > from notes . wmyer @ a50vm1 . trg . nynex . com to : revwar @ unh . edu subject re : a * real * virus alert what is pkzip ? pkzip is the most common way of compressing computer files so they take up less room on a hard disk or less time to transmit over a data communications link . many people have , and use , this family of shareware products . pkware 's current legitimate version of pkzip is 2 . 04g . this , and earlier versions may be assumed to be safe . how is a trojan horse different than a virus ? the bogus pkzip products are files with pkz300 or pkz300b with either a . zip or . exe suffix . unlike a virus , these programs do not replicate themselves nor """" infect """" anything . they do their damage to that one pc that runs the trojan - horsed bogus program . it cannot spread , unless a person gives out a copy of the bogus program . . what happens if you use this bogus version of pkzip ? the unwary victim downloads the file from a bbs run by less than through operators . if the victim runs the . exe form of the bogus program , it erases the hard disk immediately . if the . zip form is downloaded and """" unzipped """" , the pkzip & pkunzip . exe programs will erase the hard disk when executed . special note to notes / lan admins : if a lan - attached pc were to run this trojan - horse type program , it would be safe to assume all the lan accessible files that can be deleted with the privileges of the logged-on user , will be at risk . note : no anti-virus packages guard against trojan horses . antivirus mechanisms guard against the pc & the pc operating system from being fooled . trojan horses fool the pc user . what you must do : inform all your technically astute pc users about this trojan horse , bogus pkzip version . tell them to beware . do not download or use any pkzip type programs from any bbs . until this situation wanes , all pkzip products brought into a pc are suspect . i have the honour and privilege to remain yr humble svt , walter h myer , major brigade adjutant brigade of the american revolution
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 1430,""Subject: ape language
  
  the latest issue of the journal of nih research ( vol 7 , no . 1 jan . 1995 pp . 50-55 ) contains a short review article by pat shipman on human evolution . on the cover , the article is referred to as """" fading lines between apes and humans , """" but actually it is titled """" climbing the family tree : what makes a hominid a hominid ? """" . the discussion on linguistic abilities might be of interest to other subscribers to the linguist list . the author discusses kanzi and sue savage - rumbaugh 's 1994 book """" kanzi : the ape at the brink of the human mind , """" [ john wiley and sons , ny ] . according to savage - rumbaugh , kanzi does have a rudimentary grammar , can use displaced referents and arbitrary symbols ( in this case , icons or """" lexigrams """" on a computer ) . s - r thinks his ability equals that of a 2 year old child . in later section , the work of derek bickerton ( """" language and species , """" 1990 [ university of chicago press ] is summarized . bickerton admits that kanzi , other apes and young children use """" proto-language , """" but not full language because of the lack if grammatical elements . most of the rest of the section on language is devoted to broca 's area and cortical specialization . - - john
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 1431,""Subject: latex and macintosh
  
  you ' ve already made up your mind , it seems , but i want to point out that there are four implementations of tex and latex for the macintosh , three shareware and one commercial . besides the very weak ( in my not particularly humble opinion ) wsuipa fonts , latex allows the use of adobe type 1 and type 3 ( """" postscript """" ) fonts , so that you can use the sil ipa fonts , or those available commercially from adobe ( times roman , stone sans serif and stone serif ) or ecological linguistics ( cf . the recent message from lloyd anderson ) . this is true whichever platform you decide to use . rich alderson
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 1432,""Subject: program on indigenous languages of brazil
  
  a typo in my recent announcement about the specialization program on indigenous languages of brazil has been brought to my attention by several list members . the program intends to prepare linguists to do research on indigenous languages from brazil providing intensive training on methodologies for description and analysis of data as well as on the evaluation and reanalysis of published and unpublished materials on brazilian indigenous languages . it will take place between august / 95 and june / 96 in the national museum of the federal university of rio de janeiro . note that the application period was not correct on the previous posting . the correct date is july / 95 . for further information , please contact maia @ vms1 . nce . ufrj . br * exit *
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 1433,""Subject: important re : 6 . 68 sum : american dialect society
  
  correction to the annoucements about american dialect socisty list ) or you may join by writing to : ) ) ads - l @ uga . cc . uga . edu ) ) and send the message : sub ads-l do not send this message to this address . that is the address of the list itself ; sending """" sub ads-l """" to it will simply explode that message out to all the members of the list , without subscribing the sender at all . the subscribe message should be sent """" listserv @ uga . cc . uga . edu """" . ads - l is an unmoderated group ; subscription requests will not be intercepted , and we can do without dozens of them shooting through to each member . ) ) the ads has also its own server : ) ) listserv @ uga . bitnet ) ) or ) ) listserv @ uga . cc . uga . edu this is of course where any administrative requests should be sent . jesse t sheidlower editor random house reference ( jester @ panix . com ) ( 212 ) 572-4917
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 1434,""Subject: modern greek acquisition
  
  ursula stephany has just finished a long and detailed chapter on the acquisition of modern greek for volume 4 of _ the crosslinguistic study of language acquisition _ ( ed . dan i . slobin , scheduled for 1995 publication by lawrence erlbaum associates ) . contact her for an advance copy : e-mail : am001 @ aix370 . rrz . uni - koeln . de address : institut fuer sprachwissenschaft , universitaet zu koeln , d 5000 koeln 41 , germany . dan slobin ( slobin @ cogsci . berkeley . edu )
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 1435,""Subject: 12th ichl , manchester , august 1995
  
  here is the revised programme for the twelfth international conference on historical linguistics , hulme hall , manchester , 13-18 august 1995 . please note new dialling codes and revised phone numbers at the university of manchester up to the time of the conference : + 44 ( 0 ) 161-275 3194 or 3042 ( phone ) + 44 ( 0 ) 161-275 3187 ( fax only ) conference e-mail address : ichl1995 @ man . ac . uk bookings are still welcome ( discounted price until 15 june ) : e-mail / phone for info . if you can't attend , you can still get the book of abstracts as a member of ishl ( 15 pounds subscription ) . delegates whose papers have been accepted are reminded that a few camera-ready abstracts are still awaited : send to arrive by 30 june at the very latest . in extremis , e-mail text is preferable to fax . the book of abstracts will be mailed with final circular on 10-11 july . conference programme : sunday 13 august trip to grasmere and dove cottage ( lake district ) registration monday 14 august 9 . 00 welcoming address 9 . 05 plenary : alice harris , the mechanism of syntactic change session 1 10 . 05 wolfgang wurzel , on the development of incorporating structures in german 11 . 00 carol chapman , a subject-verb agreement hierarchy : evidence from analogical change in modern english dialects 11 . 30 dieter kastovsky , morphological restructuring : the case of old english and middle english weak verbs session 2 10 . 05 dudley k . nylander , creolisation and the nautical jargon theory : synchronic and diachronic perspectives 11 . 00 jacques arends , the development of clause linkage in suriname creoles 11 . 30 adrienne bruyn , complex prepositional phrases in sranan : grammaticalisation , substrate influence or both ? session 3 10 . 05 paul newman , the history of negation in chadic 11 . 00 ton van der wouden , the development of marked negation systems 11 . 30 jack hoeksema , the story of _ ooit _ session 4 10 . 05 silvia luraghi , zero anaphora of the direct object in classical greek 11 . 00 anatoliy polikarpov & richard schupbach , age of a word in the evolutionary model of language 11 . 30 renate raffelsiefen , semantic stability in derivationally related words 12 . 00 plenary : ian roberts , markedness , creolization and language change session 1 2 . 00 peter hendriks , kakari particles and the merger of the predicative and attributive forms in the japanese verbal system 2 . 30 kaoru horie , the cognitive nature of grammaticalization of overt nominalizers in modern japanese 3 . 00 anthony aristar , nominal type and the grammaticalization of cases session 2 2 . 00 leonid kulikov , vedic causative nasal presents and their thematic counterparts 2 . 30 warnow , don ringe , ann taylor & levison , character - based reconstruction of a linguistic cladogram 3 . 00 a . t . c . fox , on simplicity in linguistic reconstruction session 3 2 . 00 jean - luc azra , historical apparition of phonemic french nasal vowels 2 . 30 j . a . van leuvensteijn , vowel variation and adaptation in 16th and 17th century holland : language problems for immigrants 3 . 00 paul m . lloyd , the """" invisible hand """" at work : phonemic change as a """" phenomenon of the third kind """" session 4 2 . 00 masayuki ohkado , verb ( projection ) raising in old english 2 . 30 ans van kemenade , topics in old and middle english negative sentences 3 . 00 susan pintzuk , postposition in old english session 1 4 . 00 wallace l . chafe , borrowing within polysynthetic words 4 . 30 marianne mithun , the legacy of recycled aspect session 2 4 . 00 harold paddock , a deconstruction of pie laryngeals 4 . 30 tim pulju , indo - european * d - , * l - , and * dl session 3 4 . 00 isabel forbes , twenty years in the life of french colour terms 4 . 30 andrei danchev , word - final / b / / d / / g / in the history of english session 4 4 . 00 young - mee yu cho , language change as reranking of constraints 4 . 30 bjarke frellesvig , some recent changes in the tonology of kyoto japanese 5 . 00 plenary : theo vennemann , sprachbuende and language families in prehistoric europe evening reception at residence of university vice - chancellor , professor martin harris tuesday 15 august session 1 9 . 00 april mcmahon , insertion and deletion sound changes modelled in three phonological frameworks 9 . 30 mario saltarelli , from latin meter to romance rhythm : a parametric account 10 . 00 elke ronneberger - sibold , restructuring the rules for stress assignment in german ? evidence to the contrary 11 . 00 seiichi suzuki , the decline of the foot as a mora counting unit in early germanic 11 . 30 rachel mines , a generative model of old english poetic meter session 2 9 . 00 william j . ashby & paola bentivoglio , preferred argument structure across time and space 9 . 30 nicholas ostler , the development of transitivity in chibchan languages of colombia 10 . 00 theodora bynon , why has ergativity developed only in indic and iranian ? 11 . 00 allan dench , comparative reconstitution 11 . 30 michela cennamo , late latin pleonastic reflexives and the unaccusative hypothesis session 3 9 . 00 grev corbett & norman fraser , network morphology , synchrony and diachrony : an approach to syncretism 9 . 30 concepcion company - company , the interplay between form and meaning in the evolution of spanish : the case of cannibalistic datives 10 . 00 joel rini , the vocalic formation of the spanish verbal suffixes _ - ais / - as , - eis / - es , - is , - ois / - os _ 11 . 00 herbert schendl , morphological variation and change : the emode indicative plural 11 . 30 christiane dalton , english deverbal adjectives before and after the """" french revolution """" session 4 9 . 00 martin ehala , how a man changed a parameter value : the loss of sov in estonian subclauses 9 . 30 sharon millarm , language prescription : a success in failure 's clothing ? 10 . 00 richard j . watts , the changing voices of english grammarians : an approach to historical discourse analysis 11 . 00 john hewson , tense and aspect in proto - indoeuropean and ancient greek 11 . 30 vit bubenik , the development of aspect from ancient slavic to modern bulgaro - macedonian 12 . 00 plenary : barry blake , verb affixes from case markers : some australian examples session 1 2 . 00 ricardo bermudez - otero , ambisyllabicity in english historical phonology 2 . 30 donka minkova , constraint ranking in middle english stress-shifting 3 . 00 c . b . mccully , word - level stress rules in english historical phonology 4 . 00 robert w . murray , quantity in early middle english : orm 's phonological-orthographic interface 4 . 30 john hutton , the development of secondary stress in old english session 2 2 . 00 william croft , bringing chaos into order : mechanisms for the actuation of language change 2 . 30 suzanne kemmer , analogy in syntactic change : the rise of new constructions 3 . 00 margaret winters & geoffrey nathan , bringing the invisible hand to cognitive grammar 4 . 00 attila dobo , gyori & iren hegedus , a cognitive-naturalist look at the connection between inflectional and derivational morphology 4 . 30 peter koch , cognitive aspects of semanic change and polysemy : the """" semantic space """" have / be session 3 2 . 00 d . nurse , change in tense and aspect 2 . 30 anju saxena , diverging sources of newer tense / aspect morphology in tibeto - kinnauri 3 . 00 carmen terzan - kopecky , kategoriale entfaltungsprozesse : das tempussystem des deutschen 4 . 00 christopher lyons , the origins of definiteness marking 4 . 30 harry perridon , is the definite article in jutlandic a borrowing from german ? session 4 2 . 00 paul sidwell , vowel height and register tone in mon - khmer languages : evidence for vowel colouring laryngeals 2 . 30 martha ratliff , language alignment within the hmong - mien ( miao - yao ) family 3 . 00 cigdem balim , syntactic change in turkic languages : karaim and gagauz 4 . 00 margaret sharpe , the evolution of alawa , a north australian language : internal and external evidence 4 . 30 ian greenm the grammaticisation of verb compounding in northern australia 5 . 00 plenary : aditi lahiri , pervasion , simplification and optimization in language change evening reception at manchester town hall wednesday 16 august session 1 9 . 00 kate burridge , recent developments in modal auxiliaries in pennsylvanian german 9 . 30 thomas f . shannon , pragmatics vs grammar : on the functional motivation for some word order changes in dutch vs german 10 . 00 anna giacalone ramat , on some grammaticalization patterns for auxiliaries session 2 9 . 00 xavier dekeyser , loss of proto-typical meanings in the history of english semantics 9 . 30 laurel brinton , the origin of epistemic parentheticals in english 10 . 00 nik gisborne , the subjectivisation hypothesis : counter-evidence from the history of subject-raising ` perception ' verbs in english session 3 9 . 00 denis dumas , variation between the french clitics _ y _ and _ lui _ : semantics vs morphology 9 . 30 pieter van reenen & lene schoesler , declension in old and middle french : two opposing tendencies 10 . 00 hava bat - zeev shyldkrot le verbe _ voir _ : le developpement d ' un auxiliaire en francais session 4 9 . 00 jan terje faarlund , the changing structure of infinitival clauses in nordic 9 . 30 susan clack , have and be in brythonic celtic 10 . 00 alan h . kim , is quantifier - floating in japanese a recent innovation ? contextual analysis of the nq construction in old japanese 10 . 30 poster session and coffee session 1 11 . 00 paul t . roberge , multilevel syncretism and the evolution of afrikaans periphrastic possessive with _ se _ 11 . 30 muriel norde , grammaticalization vs reanalysis : the case of possessive constructions in germanic session 2 11 . 00 michael barlow , anaphors , agreement and grammaticalization 11 . 30 anna siewierska , on the origins of the order of agreement and tense markers session 3 11 . 00 chris pountain , capitalization 11 . 30 christiane marchello - nizia , the status of very low-frequency data as evidence in historical linguistics session 4 11 . 00 fred weerman , syntactic effects of morphological case 11 . 30 eirikur rcgnvaldsson & hroarsdottir , the stability and decline of ov word order in the icelandic vp 12 . 00 plenary : susan herring , ) from nominal to verbal predication in old dravidian : the discourse roots of category change afternoon free evening reception , buffet and exhibition at john rylands university library irish pub crawl thursday 17 august 9 . 00 plenary : paul kiparsky , the development of ergativity session 1 10 . 00 merja kytoe & voutilainen , developing the english constraint grammar parser for the analysis of historical texts 11 . 30 jonathan hope , auxiliary _ do _ : stylistics as a key to understanding language change 12 . 00 sylvia adamson , the historical present in early modern english session 2 10 . 00 marc picard , morphophonemic change as a product of frequency 11 . 00 roger lass , when is a sound change ? on telling the story of / r / - loss and its friends in english 11 . 30 betty phillips , word frequency and lexical diffusion in english stress shifts session 3 10 . 00 bridget drinka , the development of aspect in indo - european : clues from chronology 11 . 00 lilly lee chen , the evolution of the verb _ shi _ ` to be ' in chinese 11 . 30 carol justus , lexical and auxiliary have in indo - european session 4 10 . 00 andreas blank , towards a new typology of semantic change 10 . 30 beatrice warren , what is metonymy ? 11 . 30 christian kay , homonymy revisited : a multifactorial approach 12 . 00 plenary : anthony kroch , the time course of language change session 1 2 . 00 thomas cravens & luciano giannelli , sociolinguistic disturbance of implicational sound change 2 . 30 terttu nevalainen & helena raumolin - brunberg , reconstructing the social dimensions of diachronic language change 3 . 00 joyce tang boyland , a corpus study of the history of the past counterfactual in english : a case of grammaticalisation ? session 2 2 . 00 monique dufresne , fernande dupuis & mireille tremblay , expletives and change in french : a morphological approach to diachronic syntax 2 . 30 josep fontana , the syntax of old spanish narratives 3 . 00 cecilia poletto , the diachronic development of enclitic subject pronouns in lombard dialect session 3 2 . 00 claudia parodi & karen dakin , hispanisms in american indian languages : evidence for old spanish phonological reconstruction 2 . 30 kimberley parsons , some constraints on the borrowability of syntactic features ( and why none of them work ) 3 . 00 edith h . raidt , a comparison of morphological changes in the dutch of postwar immigrants in south africa , and those in the cape dutch of the early 18th century session 4 2 . 00 henning andersen , a new frontier in slavic historical dialectology 2 . 30 maria manoliu - manea , ) from _ deixis ad oculos _ to discourse markers via _ deixis ad phantasma _ 3 . 00 anneli sarhimaa , syntactic parallels in russian and karelian : some methodological problems 4 . 00 business meeting 5 : 00 plenary : elizabeth traugott , the role of the development of discourse markers in a theory of grammaticalization time not yet assigned : john charles smith exaptation and the evolution of personal pronouns in the romance languages evening conference dinner at adlington hall friday 18 august workshops 1 . changes in numeral systems organiser : jadranka gvozdanovic bernard comrie language change and cultural change in haruai numerals jadranka gvozdanovic types of numeral changes james hurford modelling emergence of numeral systems by genetic algorithm carol justus pre - decimal structures in counting and metrology eugenio ramon lujan martinez how the indo - european numeral system evolved into decimal 2 . the rise and fall of complex sentences organisers : lyle campbell and alice harris there will be papers by lyle campbell , allan dench , andrew garrett and spike gildea . there will also be a general discussion session . 3 . the influence of the hansa and low german on european languages organisers : laura wright and ernst hakon jahr there will be papers by kurt braunmueller , anne haavaldsen , ernst hakon jahr , jim milroy , muriel norde and laura wright . saturday 19 august trip to haddon hall and chatsworth
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 1436,""Subject: re : american - english in australia
  
  hello ! i ' m working on a thesis concerning attitudes toward america and the use of american - english by australia . i would be interested in hearing from anyone who has researched this field or who knows of recent research . i ' m particularly interested in the methods used to illicit or ascertain the use of target vocabulary ( eg . pharmacist vs chemist , candy vs lollies etc . ) if you can help , please email jmar2 @ mfs01 . cc . monash . edu . au an edited list of responses will be posted on the linguist list thank you , jessica marks = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = jmar2 @ mfs01 . cc . monash . edu . au
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 1437,""Subject: parsers for russian
  
  this query was also posted to seelangs - - apologies in advance for redundancy . i ' m a doctoral candidate in slavic linguistics at the university of washington . this summer , though , i ' m interning at educational testing service in princeton , nj , where i ' m working with the natural language initiative headed by randy kaplan . as part of my summer project here , i wanted to look at parsers which people may have built for russian . anyone know where i could find some to look at , or know someone who would know ? suggestions for reading on non - english language parsers are also welcome . thanks in advance for any information , lisa frumkes lfrumkes @ ets . org
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 1438,""Subject: corpus software
  
  i ' m about to computerize a sociolinguistic corpus of spoken french and english . i would be grateful to anybody who could give me some information about concording and text retrival softwares . i ' m using a macintosh micro-computer . thanks . . . louise charbonneau - lloyd
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 1439,""Subject: summary : half a day
  
  dear readers , many thanks to all respondents ( 51 ) who sent replies to my query about time phrases and native-speaker judgments . there were too many replies to acknowledge individually . many of you asked for a summary , so here goes . # # = strongly preferred , # = good , ? = awkward , x = bad , yuck the figures following each phrase give the number of votes cast in each category . they do n't all add up to 51 because some respondents ( rs ) expressed only their first preference . # # # ? x 1 the family spent . . . . . . . in ipswich . a . a day and a half 24 26 0 0 b . one and a half days 1 31 7 7 c . thirty-six hours 1 29 6 9 this makes [ a ] a clear winner , but for many rs [ b ] and [ c ] are acceptable , too , depending on context . comments : a . implies enough time to socialize ; implies most of sunday spent in ipswich , leaving at noon on monday b . implies ipswich was part of a series of visits ; implies an overnight stay ; part of a list ; stilted c . military / aeronautical ; whirlwind tour ; every moment packed with feverish activity ; at a conference - one and a half days spent on syntax ; working under time pressure ; airplane layover / waystation ; ok for negative experiences ( flu / jail ) . ( i take it a ' layover ' is us for british 's topover ' , or maybe it 's a stopover with a visit to a girlfriend ? ) 2 . it took me . . . . . . . . to write the book . a . six months 16 34 0 0 b . a half-year 0 10 9 25 c . half a year 3 44 1 1 while there is a preference for [ a ] , [ c ] is not far behind . [ b ] is problematic . comments : a . feels shorter ; not as much effort required as ' half a year ' b . suggests an academic half-year ; yuck , unnatural ; sounds non-native or british ( from american rs ) ; sounds american ( from british rs ) ; ok in financial contexts - a half year is either the first or second half , not an arbitrary 6 month period c . sounds longer than six months ; emphatic , with stress on ' year ' - 3 we ' ll be leaving in . . . . . . . a . half an hour 6 44 0 0 b . a half-hour 2 24 10 11 [ a ] wins . [ b ] splits people into two roughly equal camps . comments : b . sounds formal ; awkward ; funny ; sounds normal - we ' ll be leaving inna haf our ( from now ) . 4 tom worked for . . . . . . . . . in a lab a . a year and a half 13 37 1 0 b . one and a half years 0 32 6 7 c . eighteen months 3 39 6 0 while [ a ] wins , the other two are n't so far behind . comments : a . least exact . b . more exact ; part of calculation ( eg for pension ) ; stilted ; fussy . c . most exact ; emphasizes duration ; ok for children 's ages upto two years ; ok in contexts where precision is required ; suggests tom was less involved in the job ; maybe a temporary job . using months for time greater than a year , and hours for time greater than a day makes the time seem more rushed ; half an inch is ok but not half a foot , but half a yard is ok if bying cloth even though we do n't normally speak of half a yard . the overall impression that i get is that context and pragmatic considerations determine which lexical item will be acceptable in any given slot , and even then there is considerably more tolerance for some expressions than i would have thought possible / probable . three rs said all eleven phrases are 100 % ok . i have n't given details of rs ' background / nationality etc , since not all rs gave me details . however , about three-quarters of replies came from the usa . i hope this has been of some interest . many thanks for your response . roger maylor dept of linguistics and english language university of durham , uk
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 1440,""Subject: sum : moo sites
  
  about a week ago , i posted a query about language moo sites . i have received several responses so far , which i now post as a summary . i thank the following people , who kindly responsed : jonathan cardozo , dorine s . houston , janice cook , kristina harris , and phoenix lundstrom , and susan simon . the moo and mud sites for foreign languages are : moo sites french : moo francais telnet logos . daedalus . com 8888 italian : little italy moo telnet ipo . tesi . dsi . unimi . it 4444 $ b ! k ( b latin : mugit at pennmoo telnet ccat . sas . upenn . edu 7777 spanish : mundohispanno telnet kong . syr . edu 8888 english : schmooze university telnet arthur . rutgers . edu 8888 multi : moosaico telnet moo . di . uminho . pt 7777 mud sites german : morgengrauen telnet mud . uni-muenster . de 4711 swedish : svenskmud telnet bodil . lysator . liu . se 2043 the following www addresses are particularly useful for obtaining information about moo . http : / / babel . uoregon . edu / yamada / interact . html http : / / tecfa . unige . ch / edu-comp / dujvre / vol1 / no1 / education _ moos . text http : / / www . cs . bsu . edu / homepages / siering / moo . html http : / / www . daedalus . com / net / mootips . html http : / / www . itp . berkeley . edu / ~ thorne / moo . html http : / / www . peg . apc . org / ~ firehorse / mmm / mmm . html http : / / www . pitt . edu / ~ jrgst7 / moocentral . html http : / / www . scs . unr . edu / homepage / kristina / language . muds . html http : / / babel . uoregon . edu / yamada / interact . html here are some of the messages i received : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - to : takizawa < g44409a @ nucc . cc . nagoya-u . ac . jp > learners of english can meet one another and esl / efl teachers at schmooze university to get there , telnet to arthur . rutgers . edu 8888 at the welcome screen ( an arch with a cow at the left ) type connect guest the next screen guides you to choose a name by which you will be known at schmooze . after that , type @ gender m / f ( to indicate whether you are male or female finally , type @ describe me as < message - - whatever you wnat to say about yourself > then you can type map to see your way around , or you can type classroom to be teleportedto a moo - learning environment . to talk to people , type """" before each utterance , and you will be heard . to find out who else is on the moo , type @ who and a list will appear , to talk to one of thepeople on the list type page < name > < """" message > ( note starting with """" the owners are archy are mehitabel . helpful teachers are colega , gregor , paul ( who is in japan ) , tearose , gumby , fiver , holiday , sarah . sarah is very young - - good with students , as is holiday . moondo hispano is a spanish site . telnet to io . syr . edu 8888 use the command connect guest to get in and the same instructions as apply for schmooze u . helpful people include colega , tearose ( both also on schmooze ) , alfonso _ diez , marisol , josechu , diego . i know and participate in some others that are n't specifically language-learnin g oriented . but the above are designed especially for language learners . cheers , dorine dorine houston temple university philadelphia , pa v2188g @ temple vm or v2188g @ vm . temple . edu - - - - - - - - - - the following is from archivist for tesl - l - - - - - - - to : naohiro takizawa < g44409a @ nucc . cc . nagoya-u . ac . jp > tesl - l has a reference file that you might want to look at . send the command get moo file tesl - l f = mail in a message addressed to listserv @ cunyvm . cuny . edu moo site addresses are in there somewhere . yours , susan simon stscc @ cunyvm . cuny . edu archivist for tesl - l - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - thank you very much once again for your help ! sincerely , naohiro takizawa faculty of language and culture , nagoya university furo - cho , chikusa - ku , nagoya 464-01 , japan e - mail : g44409a @ nucc . cc . nagoya-u . ac . jp phone : + 81 - ( 0 ) 52-789 - 4197 ( office )
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 1441,""Subject: summary : verb-particles
  
  many thanks to all of you who responded to my request for references on phrasal verbs / particles . i have n't had time to track down the details of some of the leads i got , but i have most of them , and since i ' ll soon be leaving town for much of the summer , had best post what i have . i ' ll find the rest when i get back . here it is , and thanks again . the respondents ; bas aarts , hans broekhuis , andrew carnie , richard dearmond , stig eliasson , larry gorbet , olaf koeneman , steve matthews , geoff nathan , douglas ol iver , haj ross , joanna rubba , goerel sandstroem , robin schafer , michael b . smith , tim stowell , bob wachal , debra yeager . the references aarts , bas 1989 . verb - preposition constructions and small clauses in english . journal of linguistics 25 . 277-290 . aarts , bas . 1989 . small clauses in english : the non-verbal types . berlin : mouton de gruyter . brugmann , claudia . 1981 . the story of over . ma thesis , university of california , berkeley . carnie , andrew , heidi harley , and elizabeth pyatt . 1994 . old irish : a double derivative of vso . paper presented at flsm and celtic linguistic s conference , ucd . dagut , menachem & batia laufer . 1985 . avoidance of phrasal verbs : a case for contrastive analysis . studies in second language acquisition 7 , 73-79 . dearmond , richard . a paper on www , which i have n't yet managed to access , but here 's the address ; someone may have better luck : http : / / saunders . ling . sfu . ca / den dikken , marcel . 1995 . particles . oxford university press . gold , elaine . paper or ma thesis on yiddish . gueron , jacqueline . 1986 . clause union and the verb - particle construction in english . nels 16 . hawkins , john . 1994 . a performance theory of order and constituency . cambridge university press hoekstra , teun and rene mulder . 1990 . unergatives as copular verbs : locational and existential predication . the linguistic review 7 . 1-79 . hulstijn , jan h . & e . marchena . 1989 . avoidance : grammatical or semantic causes ? studies in second language acquisition 11 , 241-255 . studies in second language acquisition 11 , 241-255 . kayne , richard . 1985 . principles of particle constructions . in j . gueron , h . - g . obenauer , & j . - y pollock , eds . grammatical representation , 101-140 . dordrecht : foris . koopman , hilda . 1991 . the verb-particle construction and the syntax of pps . ms . ucla . laufer , batia & stig eliasson . 1993 . what causes avaoidance in l2 learning : l1-l2 difference , l1-l2 similarity , or l2 complexity ? studies in secondlanguage acquisition 15 , 35-48 . lindner , sue . 1981 . a lexico - semantic analysis of english verb - particle constructions with up and out . ucsd dissertation lindner , sue . 1982 . what goes up does n't necessarily come down : the ins and outs of opposites . in k . tuife , r . schneider and r . chametsky , eds . papers from the 18th regional meeting of the chicago linguistic society , pp . 305-323 . longman dictionary of phrasal verbs . 1983 macpartland , pamela . 1989-90 . cuny graduate center dissertation neeleman , ad . 1994 . complex predicates . phd diss , utrecht university . neeleman , ad and fred weerman . 1993 . the balance between syntax and morphology : dutch particles and resultatives . nllt 11 . 433-476 oxford dictionary of current idiomatic english . 1975 stowell , tim . 1981 . origins of phrase structure . mit dissertation . svenonius , peter . 1994 . dependent nexus : subordinate predication structures in english and the scandinavian languages , ph . d . dissertation , ucsc .
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 1442,""Subject: job - - c / lisp , kr , nl : austin , tx
  
  cycorp is seeking enthusiastic , highly-motivated multi-talented people for positions in software development , ontological engineering , and natural language processing . each of these involves working with and extending the cyc technology - - an immense , broad , multi-contextual knowledge base and inference engine which our group has developed over the last eleven years . cyc already contains a useful selection of fundamental human knowledge : facts , rules of thumb , and heuristics for reasoning about the objects and events of modern everyday life . cyc enables a multitude of knowledge-intensive products and services which could revolutionize the way in which people use and interact with computers , and cycorp is dedicated to making this happen . to date , cyc has made possible ground-breaking pilot applications in the areas of heterogeneous database browsing and integration , captioned image retrieval , and natural language processing . we are looking for a few individuals to join us in this challenging enterprise . software development ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - o c applications programming expertise ( unix , macintosh , pc ) o preferably some common lisp programming experience o database theory and application development ( oracle , db2 ) o formal logic ( predicate calculus ) and deductive theorem proving o inference engine design , implementation , and maintenance ontological engineering ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - o facility with formal logic ( predicate calculus ) o preferably some background in ai , esp . knowledge representation o programming ability is a plus , but not required natural language processing ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - o familiarity with nl parsing theory ( including statistical and / or corpus-based parsing methods and other methods ) o experience in designing , building , and extending parsers o facility with predicate calculus , and some knowledge of mathematical methods in linguistics o familiarity with linguistic theory , esp . morphology and syntax ; knowledge of pragmatics and / or discourse theory a plus o ability to think procedurally and concretely ( thus , programming skills would be a plus ) for immediate consideration , send your resume and a cover letter to : doug lenat cycorp , inc . 3500 west balcones center drive austin , texas 78759 fax : 512-338 - 3858 e-mail : doug @ cyc . com cycorp is an equal opportunity employer
 "",0
 1443,""Subject: synthetic compounds
  
  on sat , 3 jun 1995 , the linguist list wrote : > date : sat , 3 jun 1995 01 : 37 : 59 - 0500 > from : the linguist list < linguist @ tam2000 . tamu . edu > > to : hmanders @ indiana . edu > subject : forwarded mail > > > from stampe @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu fri jun 2 14 : 02 : 50 1995 > return - path : stampe @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu > received : from relay1 . hawaii . edu ( relay1 . hawaii . edu [ 128 . 171 . 41 . 53 ] ) by tam20 00 . tamu . edu ( 8 . 6 . 12 / 8 . 6 . 12 ) with smtp id oaa16738 for < linguist @ tam2000 . tamu . ed u > ; fri , 2 jun 1995 14 : 02 : 47 - 0500 > received : from uhunix3 . uhcc . hawaii . edu ( [ 128 . 171 . 44 . 52 ] ) by relay1 . hawaii . edu with smtp id < 11438 ( 5 ) > ; fri , 2 jun 1995 03 : 00 : 10 - 1000 > received : by uhunix3 . uhcc . hawaii . edu id < 148528 > ; fri , 2 jun 1995 09 : 00 : 29 - 1 000 > from : david stampe < stampe @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu > > to : linguist @ tam2000 . tamu . edu > in - reply-to : < 199506021008 . faa11257 @ tam2000 . tamu . edu > ( message from the lingu ist list on fri , 2 jun 1995 00 : 08 : 49 - 1000 ) > subject : re : 6 . 758 , sum : synthetic compounds > message - id : < 95jun2 . 090029hst . 148528 @ uhunix3 . uhcc . hawaii . edu > > date : fri , 2 jun 1995 08 : 59 : 51 - 1000 > status : ro > content - length : 1036 > > heather marie anderson ( hmanders @ indiana . edu ) compares agentive > compounds to choose between ( 1 ) the theory """" that the surface form of > synthetic [ compounds ] will differ as much as possible in ordering and > affixation from the corresponding vp """" , and ( 2 ) the theory that they > simply follow vp order . > > in the languages she cites , support for the theory ( 1 ) comes mostly > from languages that have relatively recently changed the order of verb > and object , but not the order of compounds , e . g . all the germanic > languages listed ( v o < o v , compounds ov ) and finnish ( same ) . there > are similar examples ( with mirror image ordering changes ) in the munda > languages of india , which had word order changes v o > o v , but retain > their old compound order vo , and in fact also retain it even in finite > verbs and objects which are incorporated ( compounded ) . > > are there examples of opposite ordering of verb phrases and compounds > that could not be explained as due to the lag of morphological change > behind syntactic change ? > > david stampe > univ . of hawai ` i > >
 "",0
 1444,""Subject: re : 6 . 793 , qs : mohawk , russian , banning of german i . mel ' cuk
  
  3 ) date : tue , 6 jun 1995 01 : 44 : 22 - 0400 from : jpkirchner @ aol . com subject : q : german banned in iowa i ' ve recently received a message from a man who claims that during world war i , the use of german and other languages was made """" illegal """" in the state of iowa by decree of the governor . this is very interesting to me , since my own family 's stories of anti - german discrimination in michigan at that time are limited to a snide remark or two about our surname . below is the relevant part of the man 's message . can anyone vouch for the veracity of what he says ? james kirchner ) here in iowa where i grew up most household language was a > foreign language the early part of this century . the public ) schools were english of course . my uncle went to a local ) """" german """" school which was a parochial school . it was ) necessary because all the german lutheran church liturgy and > bibles were in luther 's german so the plattdeutsch speaking ) people had to go to school to learn it . world war i ended that . > the iowa governor issued a proclamation banning the speaking ) of any foreign language in public places . phone operators were ) instructed to pull the plug on any non english telephone ) conversations . party line patrons were to hold the telephone ) receiver up to the mouth piece so the resulting whistling ) would interfere with non english speech . all modern language > instruction was dropped from school curriculums . a blow ) from which the school system never really recovered . ) newspapers published reports of people arrested on the ) street for speaking german . this was a real hardship on older > immigrants . all german language newspapers were ) suppressed . our rural county had german papers at one time . ) in fact the editor of one was once elected the county ) treasurer . this day and age it is all somewhat embarrassing . i > stumbled on to the fact that the state of iowa organized what ) amounted to a secret police agency . the state formed an ) agency whose purpose was to investigate acts of disloyalty . ) they were given the power to levy fines and imprison people ) for the duration of the war without benefit of trial . america 's > active participation was relatively short lived so the agency ) was not around long . it would make an interesting research ) paper sometime if any records still exist . this happened in several midwest states . the issue reached the supreme court in the early 20 's in the case """" meyer vs . nebraska """" , the court ruled against nebraska , effectively eliminating the laws . frank anshen dept of linguistics state u of ny stony brook , ny 11794
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 1445,""Subject: romanizations
  
  i am looking for references for """" linguisitcally minded """" and / or standard romanizations to be used to produce orthographies of the following languages : arabic cantonese korean farsi hindi tamil all characters used in the romanization must be found on a standard keyboard . there needs to be a mapping between the original orthography and the romanization - - the romanization can contain more linguistic """" smarts """" than the original orthography . i ' ll post a summary of responses if it seems appropriate . so far i ' ve been looking at : arabic : for arabic if have been looking at the romanization used in the """" english - arabic conversational dictionary """" by richard jaschke , which claims to be """" one of the best pocket guides to arabic ever published """" cantonese : lshk ( linguistic society of hong kong , 1993 ) ( i ' m leaning toward this one . . . ) sidney lau korean : hangul ( i like this one . . . anyone ever had any negative experience with it ? ) farsi : i do n't have much for this but a little book called """" colloquial persian """" by leila moshiri . hindi : no reference , but i have made what i think may be a decent romanization . . . is there a standard ? none of the native speakers in my neck of the woods seems to know of one . . . tamil : pretty empty here . . . . .
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 1446,""Subject: re : 6 . 797 , comparative method : n - ary comparison
  
  content - length : 1653 i , too , had noted that there seemed to be two notions of comparison here , but unlike scott delancey i did not assume that there we should distinguish between comparison for the sake of building a reconstruction and simply for the sake of determining possible relationship . to my mind , the numbers that jacques guy posted demonstrate , not the weakness of n-ary comparison , but its strength : if we are looking at a grouping of languages of which we are uncertain of relationships , and the number of potential n-way cognates is as low as random chance would dictate , then the likelihood is against their being closely-enough related to pursue reconstruction . i think this answers , by the bye , david powers ' perhaps rhetorical question regarding the assumptions under which janhunen 's claims could be considered a fallacy . i ' m not quite sure how to address powers ' conclusions , however . the methods of comparison most of us accept have built into them a checking mechanism , such that acceptance of some set of matches as """" true """" ( in powers ' terms ) constrains the set of further matches we can accept : what he considers to be """" false """" matches may not , under these constraints , be treated as matches at all . under this methodology , n-way comparison * does * increase the ratio of signal to noise in the data . i do not have access to janhunen 's original statements . if alexis manaster - ramer has summarized them accurately , i have to conclude either that janhunen is unfamiliar with the actual workings of the comparative method , or that the conclusion summarized by amr is disingenuous in the extreme - - and is indeed a fallacy , either way . rich alderson
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 1447,""Subject: re : 6 . 797 , comparative method : n - ary comparison
  
  critics of manaster ramer miss the main point : janhunen calls by """" similarities """" parallels between japanese and other altaic languages based on regular phonetic correspondences without bothering to prove that these are real """" look - alikes """" . the parallels based on regular correspondences are not chance or random parallels and therefore the proposed statistical games do not apply to the case . if you do not believe it , take any pair of a priori unrelated languages , such as for example mandarin and eskimo , and try to establish regula r phonetic correspondences . needless to say , adding to this company zulu , basque , and nivx is not going to """" improve """" the picture . alexander vovin avvovin @ miamiu . acs . muohio . edu
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 1448,""Subject: re : 6 . 797 , comparative method : n - ary comparison
  
  gotcha ! there are two separate fallacies in the argument against n-ary comparison which i discussed recently and which powers , delancey , and guy are now apparently seeking to defend . ( 1 ) janhunen says that the probability of a match occurring purely by chance when you compare japanese with four languages is four times what it is when you compare it with one language . this simply cannot be true because probabilities are values between 0 and 1 . if the probablity in the case of a binary comparison was say . 5 , then he would be predicting that it would be 2 in the case of n-ary comparison , which is impossible , because 2 is not between 0 and 1 . ( 2 ) the other fallacy is not purely mathematical , although i suspect that it involves elements of confusio . in any case , no one who argues for n-ary comparison ever talks about getting a match in 2 out of n languages . now , if we look at guy 's numbers , in his scenario of a 100 - word list with no shifted meanings , he came up with 14 . 5 probable spurious mathces in a binary comparison but only 5 . 8 when you are looking for a match between 3 out of 5 languages , 0 . 13 when you look for one between 4 out of 5 , and he does not give the much smaller number yet in the case of 5 out of 5 . i am not sure how jacques defines spurious and so i have not verified the numbers , but they are certainly on the right orders of magnitude . as you consider more and more languages ( also as the initial probability of a match declines , which usually happens as you go from toy models to real data ) , what happens is that you need fewer and fewer out of the n languages being compared to agree . thus , in guy 's example a match between n - 2 languages out of 5 was less likely to occur by chance than one between 2 out of 2 . but if n were 100 , i . e . , you were comparing 100 languages , then you would not need n - 2 ( i . e . , 98 ) languages to agree to be able to do better than with a binary comparison . it would be many many fewer ( although i do n't know how many since i do not know what formula jacques is using and what he is assuming about the initial probability of a match ) . maybe , he could kindly supply the numbers . and in light of all this , let us add another argument for rejecting indo - european : bopp never offered a mathematical demonstration that the relationships he proposed were unlikely to be due to chance , much less by doing a binary comparison of every pair of indo - european languages . which i think just goes to show how unrealistic the whole idea of doing such comparisons is . but if you do want to do them , then at least let us be clear about how to do them so as to minimize false positives ( i . e . matches due to chance and not really reflective of common origin ) as well as false negatives ( i . e . , failures to find genuine historical connections ) . on the second point , there are arguments that n-ary is better . alexis mr
 "",0
 1449,""Subject: q : new email address for pier marco bertinetto
  
  content - length : 83 since the old address no longer works , would anybody know the new one ? alexis mr
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 1450,""Subject: teaching material for statistical cl
  
  content - length : 1364 dear all , i am going to develop a course on statistical models and methods in computational linguistics using eugene charniak 's book """" statistical language learning """" . i would be very grateful for advice concerning : 1 . supplementary literature , especially on the mathematical background , probability theory , etc . , but also on applications . 2 . material for practical exercises , mini-projects , etc . , both written material and software if available . i 'd be happy to post a summary to the linguist list if there is interest . best regards , joakim nivre department of linguistics g = f6teborg university e - mail : joakim @ ling . gu . se
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 1451,""Subject: philippine nat ' l lang .
  
  content - length : 786 a local newspaper recently printed a letter to the editor that read , in part , as follows : """" tagalog is not a language but the second-most commonly spoken dialect in the philippines ( next to cebuano ) out of more than 50 dialects . the national language is filipino , as required by the philippine congress in 1989 . """" does anyone out there know what filipino is , or where i might find some information on it and the events in the philippine congress in 1989 ? i 'd like to use this topic as a starting-off point for a class discussion about dialect vs . language , and prescriptivism , but i need to know more . if you have some information , please reply to me directly . thanks . - - christine brisson rutgers university cbrisson @ zodiac . rutgers . edu
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 1452,""Subject: genderless ?
  
  content - length : 350 in some languages which are standarly described as genderless it is still the case , i am pretty sure , that people say things like ' that woman ' instead of 's he ' and because this looks like a purely lexical matter , the appearance of genderlessness is preserved . i wonder if this applies to the languages recently described as genderless on this list .
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 1453,""Subject: re : genderless
  
  content - length : 719 you wrote : ) most of the genderless languages are sov and their morphology is ) """" agglutinative """" , in traditional typological terms . ) the realisation of gender tends to be tied closely to the realisation of ) morphological case in the world 's languages ) e-mail : ortmann @ ling . uni-duesseldorf . de i agree that most genderless languages tend to be agglutinative , but not sov . the austro - asiatic and austronesian languages , for example , contain many examples of non - sov languages which are also genderless . many examples can also be found in africa and the native american languages , which though agglutinative are not sov . paul kekai manansala
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 1454,""Subject: genderless lgs
  
  content - length : 2009 hi you gender people , it may be that i have missed something that has been going on on the list . if i understand right there has been some claim about that a language totally lacking a gender system would be something of science fiction . as the responses have shown , this is not definitely the case but an indo - european line of thinking of what are natural conceptual ( grammatical ? ) categories . albert ortmann , among others , made the point that e . g . uralic languages generally lack gender . this is a point in case in finnish . the language does not have any grammatical gender markers ( in principle , no articles ) , no division into male / female in the pronoun system and , in particular , spoken finnish does not make distinction between animate / inanimate . persons , animals , objects , ideas may be referred to with the pronoun """" se """" . yet a slight comment to ortmann 's theory about case / gender . the point about case being realized only once in an np does not seem conceivable , at least from finnish point of view : attribute ( s ) and head must concord in case . hope this is of interest . and i could point out that i am no uralic or fennic scholar but a native speaking linguist . best regards - jan lindstrom dept . of scandinavian lgs university of helsinki
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 1455,""Subject: silliness about eskimo snow
  
  the cartoon strip the duplex , which is normally a commentary on what used to be called ' the war between the sexes ' , and deals with two young singles and their dogs , today dealt with our favorite topic : snowy landscape her poodle : i read somewhere that the eskimos have 80 [ sic ] words for snow . she : that 's nothing . snowy landscape with him and his mutt shovelling snow he : * @ # ! his mutt : double * @ # ! she : if you ' ve ever listened to guys shovel their driveway you 'd know there were twice as many . happy january . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ geoffrey s . nathan department of linguistics southern illinois university at carbondale carbondale , il , 62901-4517 phone : ( 618 ) 453-3421 ( office ) ( 618 ) 549-0106 ( home ) geoffn @ saluki-mail . siu . edu
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 1456,""Subject: re : 6 . 823 , qs : german , nostratic , romanization , chinese errors ,
  
  shoebox content - length : 298 is it just me , or is the fact that a query needs to be posted asking what is nostratic proves the point a group of us made not so long ago on this very list about the need for the public , linguistic and general , to be allowed information about work in linguistics , whether we agree with it or not ?
 "",0
 1457,""Subject: summary : i . mel ' cuk
  
  content - length : 2450 a few people answered my question about i . mel ' cuk 1976 reference , so i thought a summary of the references i gathered might interest the linguistlist as a whole . first , i wish to thank the people that answered me : ( in order of appearance ) lars borin david beck ariadna solovyova claude coulombe lonz ( only reference i got on that person , from the electronic address . sorry ) miquel aguado keith goeringer claude boisson some directed me to pr mel ' cuk , who is teaching at montreal university . moreover , here is a list of melc ' uk 's works , including the one i was looking for , and subsequent works which update his views on the sign / word : 1976 . das wort . zwischen inhalt und ausdruck . munchen , wilhelm fink verlag , 461 p . ( parts of the book are writen in english ) 1979 . """" syntactic , or lexical , zero in natural language """" , proceedings of the berkeley linguistics society 5 , 224-60 . 1984-92 . dictionnaire explicatif et combinatoire du francais contemporain : recherches lexico-semantiques , 3 vols , montreal , presses de l ' universite de montreal . 1988 . """" semantic description of lexical units in an explanatory combinatorial dictionary """" , international journal of lexicography 1 / 3 , 165-88 . 1988 . dependency syntax : theory and practice , albany , state university of new york press . 1993 . cours de morphologie generale , vol . 1 : le mot , montreal , presses de l ' universite de montreal . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ jerome serme laboratoire ' dynamique du langage ' ( umr 9961 ) maison rhone - alpes des sciences de l ' homme 14 , avenue berthelot 69363 lyon cedex - france phone : + 33 72 72 64 12 fax : + 33 72 80 00 08 e - mail : jerome . serme @ mrash . fr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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 1458,""Subject: sum : banned german , """" english only """"
  
  content - length : 12420 a few weeks ago i posted part of some correspondence i received about the banning of german in iowa during wwi . because the responses brought up the matter of """" english only """" or """" official english """" ( depending on one 's leanings ) i posted a further query as to whether anyone knew of any recently proposed law in the us that would out and out ban languages other than english . first i ' ll thank everybody , then i ' ll summarize the german ban , then official english . thanks to : seegmiller @ apollo . montclair . edu ( steve seegmiller ) fanshen @ datalab2 . sbs . sunysb . edu ( frank anshen ) kiel @ u-aizu . ac . jp ( kiel t . christianson ) kyeager @ prism . nmt . edu ( deborah yeager ) rwachal @ black . weeg . uiowa . edu ( bob wachal ) smburt @ heartland . bradley . edu ( susan burt ) m200754 @ er . uqam . ca ( michel platt ) ligo523 @ utxvms . cc . utexas . edu ( keith walters ) cnelson @ vm . cc . purdue . edu ( dr . christian k . nelson ) niewboer @ let . rug . nl ( r . nieuweboer ) ffgbc @ aurora . alaska . edu ( cooper gordon b ) anfallen @ ursula . uoregon . edu ( anthea fallen - bailey ) banned german : the original quote i posted ran thus : ) here in iowa where i grew up most household language was a ) foreign language the early part of this century . the public ) schools were english of course . my uncle went to a local ) """" german """" school which was a parochial school . it was ) necessary because all the german lutheran church liturgy and ) bibles were in luther 's german so the plattdeutsch speaking ) people had to go to school to learn it . world war i ended that . ) the iowa governor issued a proclamation banning the ) speaking of any foreign language in public places . phone ) operators were ) instructed to pull the plug on anynon english ) telephone conversations . party line patrons were to hold the ) telephone receiver up to the mouth piece so the resulting ) whistling would interfere with non english speech . all modern ) language instruction was dropped from school curriculums . a ) blow from which the school system never really recovered . ) newspapers published reports of people arrested on the ) street for speaking german . this was a real hardship on older ) immigrants . all german language newspapers were ) suppressed . our rural county had german papers at one time . ) in fact the editor of one was once elected the county ) treasurer . this day and age it is all somewhat embarrassing . i ) stumbled on to the fact that the state of iowa organized what ) amounted to a secret police agency . the state formed an ) agency whose purpose was to investigate acts of disloyalty . ) they were given the power to levy fines and imprison people ) for the duration of the war without benefit of trial . america 's ) active participation was relatively short lived so the agency ) was not around long . it would make an interesting research ) paper sometime if any records still exist . i got many confirmations that this actually happened , and not only in iowa . references : philip e . webber ( 1993 ) . kolonie - deutsch : life and language in amana . ames : iowa state university press . birgit mertens ( 1994 ) . vom ( nieder - ) deutschen zum englischen : untersuchungen zur sprachlichen assimilation einer laendlichen gemeinde im mittleren westen amerikas . heidelberg : universitaets - verlag c . winter . heinz kloss 's _ the american bilingual tradition _ . baron , denis . 1990 . * * the english - only question : an official language for americans ? * * new haven , connecticut : yale university press . kloss , heinz . 1966 . """" german - american language maintenance efforts """" . * * language loyalty in the united states * * , edited by j . a . fishman , 206-252 . london , england : mouton & co . liebowicz , joseph . 1985 . """" official english : another americanization program ? """" * * language loyalties : a source book on the official english controversy * * , edited by james crawford , 101-111 . chicago : university press of chicago . deborah yeager : ) bad news : it definitely happened . most of the laws passed ) against the use and instruction of german were at the very ) end of the war and so came into force _ between _ world wars . > iowa was not the only state . i can't answer to the behavior of ) telephone operators and people on partylines , but i do know ) that teaching german was banned not only in the schools , ) but also on school property after hours , where church groups ) had often held classes . rogier nieuweboer : ) i cannot answer your question on a ban on german in iowa , ) but in fact , in 1914 the canadian authorities issued such a ) ban on german ( which was used in mennonite and many other ) schools ) . this was the reason why many mennonites emigrated > to mexico . anthea fallen - bailey : ) i wrote my undergraduate honors thesis on the subject of ) language histories in the u . s . i include below a pertinent ) paragraph from that work : ) the most severe blow to german language and culture ) maintenance in the u . s . came with world war i when . . . ) """" hyphenated americans """" were forced to chose between their ) ethnicity and the u . s . nation , despite the fact that the ) majority of german - americans favored neutrality ( kloss ) 1966 ) . the german language in the u . s . has never since ) recovered . from 1917 , when the u . s . joined the war , german ) was banned in private and public schools , in meetings , in ) religious services and even over the telephone ( baron 1990 : ) 111 ) . national organizations disbanded , german music was ) neither playe nor sold , and restaurants changed the names of ) german dishes : """" sauerkraut """" became """" liberty cabbage """" ; ) """" german fried potatoes """" became """" american fries """" ; and ) """" hamburger """" became """" salisbury steak """" ( ibid : 109 ) . in short , ) """" german was specifically targeted as an enemy language to be > rooted out """" . between 1918 and 1923 many states passed ) anti - german legislations ; two states - - nebraska and ) illinois - - passed english - only constitutional amendments in > 1920 and 1923 respectively ( ibid . : 109 ) . by 1923 thirty-four ) states had passed english - only laws relating to the language ) of instruction in schools ( leibowicz 1985 ) . ohio , which had ) previously supported german instruction in schools , passed a ) law in 1919 rejecting german altogether . ) a footnote here : the ohio 1919 law was eventually struck ) down by the u . s . supreme court via the 1923 case of meyer v . ) nebraska ( very famous case in language circles ) . english """" only """" some of the things discussed brought up some interesting questions , which i ' ll treat after a couple of quotations . steve seegmiller : ) it may be an unfortunate or misleading choice of terms , but ) """" english only """" does n't mean banning other languages entirely ; ) it means requiring the use of english exclusively for official ) purposes . that presumably includes governmental functions , ) education , and so forth , but not non-official uses . ) at last count , at least seventeen states had adopted such ) english only laws , and several more are in the works . not one ) of them proposes banning other languages . susan burt : ) karen l . adams and daniel t . brink ( eds ) in their * ) perspectives on official english * ( mouton . 1990 ) have an ) appendix of texts of various language legislation . ) the legislature of arizona attempted an amendment to the ) state constitution which included : ) this state and all political subdivisions of this state shall ) act in english and in no other language . ) no entity to which this article applies shall make or enforce ) a law , order , decree or policy which requires the use of a ) language other than english . ) no govermental document shall be valid , effective or ) enforceable unless it is in the english language . ) there follows a list of circumstances in which the use of ) other languages is exlicitly allowed . ) i think the arizona law was considered one of the most ) restrictive , and i think it was somehow found invalid - - or ) maybe it did n't pass in the first place - - i forget . anyway , ) even it did not """" ban """" other languages in private contexts . christian k . nelson referred to some research on voters ' opinions on official english laws , and while i find his conclusions hyperbolic , i think his comments are nonetheless worth reading : ) [ i ] was reminded of research reported in a course i took with ) an anthropological linguist ( now at san diego ? ) : katherine ) woolard . she mentioned that in the california """" official ) english """" push not only were many hispanics in favor of the ) proposed legislation , but so were many supposed liberals in ) the san francisco area . she was doing an analysis of ) discourse in which such liberals justified their positions , ) showing that they were based on hidden assumptions that ) actually ran counter to their claimed liberal beliefs . all this ) points up the fact that oppressed people , with the help of ) their well-meaning supporters , often participate in their own ) oppression . indeed , historical examples indicate that such is ) true even to the point that oppressed groups help organize ) extermination of their own members for oppressing groups . ) so , the results of the polls you cite are not so transparently ) meaningful . a respondent or two drew conclusions from the oft-mentioned hysterical tone of the fundraising materials put out by the """" official english """" movement . my own thoughts on that , as sent to one respondent : on tue , 13 jun 1995 jpkirchner @ aol . com wrote : ) i ' m convinced there is a certain style to fundraising letters ) that crosses the political spectrum , especially since a lot of ) organizations certainly have their letters written by direct ) marketing agencies that are probably not affiliated with any ) particular persuasion . i get such letters from political ) campaigns on the left , right , and in between , including the ) democratic party , and i see absolutely the same nauseatingly > hysterical , hateful style in all of them , as if they were ) written by the same hand . ( which they sometimes may ) have been . ) in one letter , the boogie man is """" liberals who ) want to take away your freedom , """" in another it 's """" advocates ) for the rich who want to make you homeless , """" in another it 's ) immigrants , in a third it 's jingoists . the common ) denominator is always the angry , hateful tone they ' re ) written in . having worked at an ad agency , i know that the ) people in them know their targets , and just how to caress ) them or zing their fillings to get them to act . it has to be an ) established fundraising technique . this whole issue seems to me to be a mix of radical hysteria on both sides , mixed with legitimate questions , which neither side appears willing to address . since linguists , to my experience , are generally terrific at preaching linguistic tolerance , but do n't often deal with pragmatic questions that do n't affect them personally , i ' ll annoy you all with a few questions brought up by non-linguists i know . these people are neither radical conservatives , nor bothered by the use of other languages or dialects in their presence . 1 . how come in us regions where other foreign language groups outnumber hispanics , are safety warnings and federal signage are still only posted in spanish and english ? 2 . a manager , who had previously not minded foreign languages being spoken in the office , is suddenly noticing a lot of discord , backbiting and insubordination among the employees . these are hard enough to quell when everyone is speaking english , but it 's even harder for this manager to monitor what 's happening , because it 's all going on in a foreign language . does the manager a . ) sign up for a beginning language course , b . ) quit the job and give it to someone fluent in the other language , c . ) recruit some of the employees as """" spies """" , d . ) mandate english , e . ) other _ _ _ _ _ ? if the manager mandates english , will it qualify as linguistic intolerance in this case ? 3 . why should a child who speaks black american english be accommodated in the classroom by court order , while an appalachian kid gets forced to learn ( later changed to """" gets the benefit of learning """" ) the standard dialect ( i . e . , in addition to his or her own ) ? 4 . """" the typists in our company are so incompetent at standard english that even a simple business letter takes them at five drafts , and one whole day , to get into acceptable form . it always comes out in their dialect , and it 's much easier for everybody to do their own typing . why can't they give these people english tests ? """" these are linguistic and political questions to these people , to which i have no ready answers . what do other linguists say ? james kirchner
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 1459,""Subject: dislocations
  
  content - length : 4400 - - - - - - - - - - forwarded message - - - - - - - - - - date mon , 19 jun 1995 08 : 10 : 48 - 0400 > from aaa552 @ agora . ulaval . ca subject / graviton / einstein / aaa552 / mail / bb i posted a week ago a query on the topic of dislocation . i wanted to know whether just any of the phenomena known by the name of dislocation implies coreference . the responses to the posting indicated that the word dislocation is by and large used to refer to a phrase p adjoined to a sentence s where p holds a coreference relationship with a pronoun included in s . so there seems to exist a terminological consensus on this notion ( although for some dislocation covers topicalization ) . here is a very slightly edited summary of responses . many thanks to all those whose responded . i hope this is useful . pierre larrivee . w . croft @ manchester . ac . uk ( bill croft ) : i think you will have to define """" dislocation """" to get a useful answer from your query - - - in particular , define it in such a way that the coreference relation does not follow by definition . if """" dislocation """" means what the etymology suggests , then it involves movement of an element out of its canonical position ; if you allow coreference to phonologically null elements ( left in canonical position ) , then by definition a dislocated element will have a coreference relation to an element in the sentence to which it is adjoined , namely to the null or non-null element it has """" left behind """" . if you do not allow coreference to phonologically null elements , then the english construction called """" topicalization """" or """" y - movement """" is a counterexample to the generalization you are inquiring about . if you define """" dislocation """" in a non-movement fashion - - - i . e . as some element ( an np ? ) adjoined to a sentential constituent - - - then japanese , chinese and other e asian languages ' topic constructions will be a counter - example , since the """" topic """" np need not be an argument or even an adjunct of the sentence to which it is adjoined . to this comment of mine : it seems to me that topicalization is a somewhat different phenomena from dislocation , is it not ? cf . the prosody ( no pause for topics ) and the lack ( in general ) of a resumptive pronoun ( chocolate cake i like ( * it ) ) . w . croft added : prosody would be an interesting start on a definition of dislocation that does n't presuppose coreference - - - i think the resumptive pronoun part is more problematic , since specifying the form of a resumptive form would presuppose coreference . > from holleb @ linguist . umass . edu ( ? ? bart holle ) at the moment i am working on right dislocation , mainly in dutch . and as far as i can tell there are no counterexamples . the moment there is no reference to an element in the """" main """" clause it is clearly extraposition . a main difference for dutch is that you can extract out of an extraposed phrase , whereas you cannot out of right dislocated one . > from sophie . kern @ mrash . fr ( sophie kern ) i ' m actually writting my thesis about the development of narrative competence by french monolingual children ( 3 to 11 years old using ) a picture book task . one of the domain i ' m studying is the reference to the main or other characters of the story , and particulierly what kind of linguistic devices the children use to maintain or to switch reference in subject position i found a lot of left and right dislocations . > from larry horn ( lhorn @ yalevm . cis . yale . edu ) you might want to check out an old paper by robert rodman on topicalization and ld in a journal called papers in linguistics . i think it was 1973 . he talks about sentences like : as for noxious odors , my sheepdog farts after eating escargots . in which the sentence is a comment on the topic in the """" ld """" phrase , but no coreference per se obtains . > from barrett @ zelig . cs . nyu . edu ( leslie barrett ) there 's an article by bowers in li ( 1993 ) that mainly concerns predication but mentions coreference possibilities in fronted vps like the following : criticize himself , i think john never will i i ) from luge . latrobe . edu . au ( hussein shokouhi ) ronald geluykens has extensively worked on this issue in english . he has published a book in 1992 under the title of ' from grammar to discourse : left-dislocated construction ' . knud lambrescht has also done something on french . he has also published a book on french discourse and syntax in 1994 . surely , you can find a good number of references in those two books .
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 1460,""Subject: tolkien 's elvish languages : austronesian ?
  
  ( this , of course , started as a spoof of proto - world ) is elvish austronesian or has sakao ( espiritu santo ) an elvish substratum ? that is the question . as i was looking for an elvish cognate for my proto - world * hu ( n ) t i came across ( and the whole effort took me perhaps five minutes , writing it down much longer , however ) : 1 . - losgar ( red snow ) . the place where feanor burned the ships of the teleri . los = snow , gar from car = red ( noel 1980 : 164 ) . - sakao kar = red . 2 . - minas tirith s ' tower of watch ' , ' tower of guard ' ( ibid . p . 170 ) ' minas ' being ' tower ' , ' tirith ' is evidently ' watch , guard ' . - sakao t ( y ) ry = to look at , to watch out . 3 . - lad ' plain ' , ' valley ' , s / 361 ( p . 160 ) - sakao la ^ dh = earth , ground 4 . - kel ' go away ' , ' flow away ' , ' flow down ' . s / 360 ( p . 159 ) - sakao gher ' to go past ' , ' to flow ' . 5 . - in ( of the ) . see various place names , including haudh - in - gwanur . ( p . 158 ) - sakao - yn , same meaning , as in ' waldhyn ietar ' 's on of yetar ( god ) ' . 6 . - ia ^ ' void ' , ' abyss ' s / 360 ( p . 156 ) - sakao ia ' oral cavity ' , ' opening ( of a cave ) ' 7 . - ondo q [ uenya ] 's tone ' s / 359 ( p . 180 ) - sakao iedh 's tone ' ( there is a pervading correspondence e / o throughout austronesian languages , and i am * not * making that up ! ) . or perhaps also : - sakao dhon ' mountain ' ( with metathesis and semantic shift ) . enough ? are n't you convinced yet ? all right . . . 8 . - vorn ' black ' . s / 360 ( p . 205 ) - sakao vyr ' black ' . 9 . - galadh s . ' tree ' ( p . 146 ) - sakao gholadh a tree sp . ( bislama """" nangkalat """" , a tree with urticant leaves ) 10 . - esse q [ uenya ] ' name ' ( p . 142 ) - sakao ase - ' name ' 11 . - sil q [ uenya ] 's hine with white or silver light ' ( p . 189 ) - sakao hoel ' cooking stone ' , regularly derivable from * s ( ui ) l ( aeo ) - sakao syl ' to singe ' and let 's make it an even dozen : 12 . - loa ' growth ' ( p . 163 ) - sakao lu ' to grow ' . work cited : ruth s . noel . the language of tokien 's middle - earth . houghton mifflin . boston 1980 .
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 1461,""Subject: re : 6 . 783 , german affricates
  
  in regard to roger lass 's comments on ts vs . t # s ( or c ^ vs ts , as he puts it ) , i 'd like to comment that the pronunciation for t # s that he gives may not pertain for many american english speakers . i think i ' m not alone in having something like [ ? s ] ( ? = glottal stop , s = esh ) or [ raised - ? ts ] in the t # s case . in any case , as he indicates , the difference is one of a phonetic detail that is simply invisible in certain styles of phonological transcription . john e . koontz nist : caml : sced 883 . 04 boulder , co koontz @ boulder . nist . gov
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 1462,""Subject: functions of language www home page
  
  content - length : 574 dear colleagues , this is to inform you that the journal devoted to functional approaches to language , * functions of language * , now has its own 3w home page . the url is : http : / / allserv . rug . ac . be / ~ dnoel / folhome . html there you will find links to the journal 's statement of purpose , some notes for contributors , its style sheet , and the tables of contents of past and forthcoming issues . do have a look ! dirk noel contragram dept . of english university of gent rozier 44 b-9000 gent belgium phone : + 32 9 264 3789 fax : + 32 9 264 4179 e - mail : dirk . noel @ rug . ac . be
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 1463,""Subject: history of syntax
  
  content - length : 1255 available upon request : a 4 - page compilation of historically significant short quotations on syntax , in the original tongues , translated in the case of greek or latin . included : aristotle , dionysius thrax , varro , port - royal , saussure , jespersen , bloomfield , harris , chomsky , diver . just the essentials of the classics ; nothing later than 1969 . send self-addressed stamped ( if usa ) envelope to : joseph davis , ph . d . dept . of elementary education city college new york , ny 10031 jcdcc @ cunyvm . cuny . edu
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 1464,""Subject: linguistic data consortium ( ldc )
  
  content - length : 3687 the linguistic data consortium ( ldc ) of the university of pennsylvania is collecting telephone speech for three major studies this summer , and we are asking all members of the research community at large to participate in making them a success . the calls are being collected on a new intervoice robotoperator platform that has dramatically increased the ldc 's ability to collect telephone speech . the new system allows up to twelve two channel calls or 24 one channel calls to go on at the same time . up to 20 hours of conversation can be stored before it is necessary to download data ; the download as well as many programming changes can be made without interrupting the application itself . in effect , the application will be operational for 24 hours per day . the projects are as follows : for voice across hispanic america , we need native speakers of spanish ( from any country ) who can call an 800 telephone number and spend five minutes on the telephone reading a series of sentences . participants can receive $ 5 . 00 for their time . for callhome , native speakers of english , egyptian arabic , german , japanese , mandarin and spanish can make a free call to another native speaker from an 800 telephone number anywhere in the world and talk for 30 minutes . participants can receive either $ 10 . 00 or free telephone time . for callfriend , native speakers of english , spanish , tamil , hindi , japanese , french , farsi , german , korean , egyptian arabic and vietnamese can can make a free call to another native speaker from an 800 telephone number anywhere in the u . s . , canada or puerto rico and talk free for 30 minutes . participants can receive either $ 10 . 00 or free telephone time . individuals or organizations who can recruit at least ten callers should contact us to discuss various incentive programs for all three projects . the recordings will be used for nonprofit scientific research and instructional purposes , and are made available to researchers and educators from all over the world on an equal basis . to receive more information , or to get a personal identification number and instructions for making calls , please call us at 1-800 - 380-penn ( 7366 ) between 9 a . m . and 5 p . m . est , or send email to one of the following addresses : voice across hispanic america vaha @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu callhome callhome @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu callfriend callfriend @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu for further information about the project or for other information about the linguistic data consortium , please contact us ldc @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu , or you can access our www home page at ftp : / / www . cis . upenn . edu / pub / ldc _ www / hpage . html . you can also send mail to us at the address below : rebecca finch | linguistic data consortium research coordinator | 441 williams hall finch @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu | university of pennsylvania tel : 215 / 898-0464 / fax : 215 / 573-2175 | philadelphia , pa 19104-6305
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 1465,""Subject: linguistics in science fiction
  
  content - length : 3073 the postings on linguistics in science fiction for the past couple of months have been interesting , but curiously limited to comparing two types or genres of writing as if all that is going on with linguistics in science fiction these days is that some writers who are sf novelists have been injecting a few ' neat linguistic ideas ' into their narratives and some ( distinctly other ) group of writers who are linguists read these stories for fun and like to point out the borrowed ideas to other linguists . thats not all that 's happening these days folks . it seems to me that some of the most interesting things going on with linguistics in science fiction is in the blurring of these and other genres ( a general phenomena that george steiner argued was well underway 20 years ago in his _ after babel _ ) . it does n't take much digging through my library to come up with some examples of writers who ' ply the frames ' of sf in ways that deserve to be read by linguists ' for serious ' . samuel r . delany 's novels have been mentioned on the list , but he has also published two volumes of linguistic essays , _ the jewel - hinged jaw : notes on the language of science fiction _ 1977 . new york : dragon press . and _ starboard wine : more notes on the language of science fiction _ 1984 . new york : dragon press . richard rorty , probably known by many linguists interested in the philosophy of language ( from his writing on the ' linguistic turn ' in that field ) , tells a science fiction story about a mid-twenty - first century expedition to antipodea , a planet where the natives lack the concept of mind as part of his argument about ' persons without minds ' in _ philosophy and the mirror of nature _ 1980 . suzette haden elgin is a third writer ( and a linguist ) who writes about science fiction ' for serious ' . one medium in which she does this is the linguistics & science fiction network , which publishes a newsletter ( $ 10 annual membership fee ) out of the ozark center for language studies ( p . o . box 1137 , huntsville , ar 72740 e - mail : ocls @ sibylline . com . ) . i ' m sure that there are other such ' blurred genre ' pieces at the interface between science fiction and linguistic theory . i 'd encourage other subscribers to describe them here in addition to the usual novels and short stories ( the serious stuff can be read ' just for fun ' too . . . ) . paul gracie
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 1466,""Subject: job in india
  
  content - length : 1469 position in phonology / syntax jawaharlal nehru university new delhi , india the center for linguistics and english at the jawaharlal nehru university invites applications at the assistant professor level beginning in august 1995 . the candidate must hold a ph . d in linguistics with a specialization in phonology or syntax . previous teaching experience is highly desirable . there is no specific deadline for this position . applications will be considered till the position is filled . please mail applications to the address below . till june 30 , prof abbi may be contacted at ( 510 ) 657-5225 . professor anvita abbi , chair center for linguistics and english school of languages jawaharlal nehru university new delhi , india 110067
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 1467,""Subject: job : linguistique informatique / computational linguistics
  
  content - length : 4310 job : linguistique informatique / computational linguistics ( english text follows ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * latl - - - departement de linguistique , universite de geneve le latl - laboratoire d ' analyse et de technologie du langage - du departement de linguistique de l ' universite de geneve ( suisse ) met au concours un poste de recherche / enseignement en linguistique informatique ( a confirmer ) duree : 2 ans , a dater du 1er septembre 1995 salaire : de 57 ' 000 a 60 ' 000 frs / an ( selon qualifications ) qualifications : diplome ou doctorat ( prefere ) en linguistique informatique ou theorique ( eventuellement informatique ) , avec un interet particulier pour la syntaxe ( gb ) , l ' analyse et la generation automatiques du langage naturel , la traduction automatique , l ' enseignement assiste par ordinateur - - - maitrise de la programmation un plus . taches : collaboration aux projets en cours au latl ( traduction automatique interactive , analyseurs syntaxiques , eao ) ; selon qualifications et interets , quelques heures ( max . 4 ) d ' enseignement par semaine dans les domaines de la syntaxe ou de la linguistique informatique . langues : francais et / ou anglais necessaire ( s ) , allemand un plus . les dossiers de candidature et le nom de deux references sont a envoyer a l ' adresse ci-dessous professeur e . wehrli latl universite de geneve 2 , rue de candolle 1211 geneve 4 suisse e - mail : wehrli @ latl . unige . ch fax : ( + 4122 ) 328 25 66 * * * date limite de depot des candidatures : 15 juillet 1995 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * latl - - - department of linguistics , university of geneva the latl research lab of the department of linguistics at the university of geneva ( switzerland ) expects to open a two-year research / teaching position in computational linguistics ( pending approval ) starting date : sept . 1st , 1995 salary range : from 57 ' 000 to 60 ' 000 sfr . / year ( depending upon qualifications ) qualifications : ma or ph . d . ( preferred ) in computational or theoretical linguistics ( possibly computer sciences ) , with a strong interest for syntax ( gb ) , natural language parsing and generation , automatic translation , computer-assisted learning - - - programming skills an asset . tasks : participation to current projects of the lab ( interactive automatic translation , syntactic parsers , learning systems ) ; depending upon qualifications and interests , some hours of teaching ( max . 4 hours / week ) in syntax or computational linguistics . languages : french and / or english mandatory , german an asset . please send applications together with the name of two references to the address below : professor e . wehrli latl university of geneva 2 , rue de candolle 1211 geneva 4 switzerland e - mail : wehrli @ latl . unige . ch fax : ( + 4122 ) 328 25 66 * * * application deadline : july 15 , 1995 * * *
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 1468,""Subject: jeonju university , chonju , s . korea
  
  our language learning center is looking for an english native speaker to teach english conversation to undergraduate students in my university . thus , plese advertise the following to the linguist if it is possible ; we are looking for english native speakers to teach english conversation in jeonju university , chonju , s . korea . qualifications : i ) english native speaker ii ) m . a . in english , linguistics , els , education is preferrable . duty : teach 15 hours / week extra teaching will be paid by $ 20 . 00 / every hour payment : 1 , 200 , 000 korean won / month ( $ 1 , 500 ) provide free apartment and office 1 - 4 week break between 7 week programs korean government medical insureance is provided . if you need air-fare , we will provide it in advance , then you can re-pay the amount by monthly payment . please send your resume by fax : 011-82 - 652-220 - 2464 ( please write my name and center on you fax ) or send e - mail to : byang @ chonbuknms . chonbuk . ac . kr please feel free to ask me . byong - seon yang , vice - director , langauge education center jeonju university , chonju , s . korea .
 "",0
 1469,""Subject: job posting
  
  university of tuebingen department of linguistics division of computational linguistics research position for a computational linguist we are advertising a research position in the verbmobil project , which is funded by the german ministry for education and research ( bmbf ) . verbmobil is concerned with the development of a portable speech-to - speech translation system for """" face-to - face """" - communication . the verbmobil - subproject at the department of computational linguistics in tuebingen is concerned with semantic evaluation and transfer for machine translation between german and english , in particular : - the semantic repraesentation , disambiguation and translation of temporal expressions - the semantic repraesentation , disambiguation and translation of complex words - the computational modelling of these empirical domains , and - and the implementation of a working subsystem of verbmobil in collaboration with other verbmobil sites . candidates should have experience in computational linguistics ( particularly in unification-based formalisms ) or computer science . knowledge of german and experience in machine traslation , nl - syntax / semantics ( particularly in head - driven phrase structure grammar , discourse representation theory and in the semantics of tense and aspect ) , logic , or prolog - programming is highly desirable . the successful candidate will be expected to work both on theoretical issues and practical implementation . the project started in 1993 and will last until december 1996 , with the possibility of extension depending on funding . the successful candidate would be expected to take up the position as soon as possible . the position is at the rank of """" wissenschaftlicher mitarbeiter """" ( salary on the german payscale of bat iia ; minimum of 65 000 dm per year ) . applications should include cv and an outline of research experience and interests . names and addresses of references would be helpful . applications should be sent by mail or email to the address below . applications received by july 15th , 1995 will receive full consideration . prof . dr . erhard w . hinrichs seminar fuer sprachwissenschaft abt . computerlinguistik eberhard - karls universitaet tuebingen kleine wilhelmstr . 113 d-72074 tuebingen germany hinrichs @ sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de
 "",0
 1470,""Subject: 96 spring phonology job
  
  the department of linguistics at the university of toronto is seeking someone to teach phonology at two levels ( advanced and either introductory or intermediate ) in the spring term ( january - april 1966 ) . applicants for this position should submit a letter of application , cv , two letters of reference , and copies of publications and / or unpublished research to peter reich , chair , department of linguistics , university of toronto , toronto , ontario , canada m5s 1a1 ; telephone 416 978-4029 ; fax 416 971-2688 ; e-mail lingdept @ epas . utoronto . ca . please do not submit applications by e-mail . deadline for application : august 15 , 1995
 "",0
 1471,""Subject: research posts in linguistics and media technology
  
  content - length : 2121 university of brighton , uk . the language centre two research fellows starting salary up to # 18 , 429 . both posts are for a two year fixed term and will involve the development of research projects and some support for staff and students utilising the facilities of the language centre . media technology an ma or msc in an area related to media technology together with a sound publication record are essential . extensive experience in this area and familiarity with the exploitation of current technology for language learning / teaching is essential . the post is available from 1 september 1995 ref bb459 linguistics a phd in linguistics and record of publications in one or more of the department s established areas of activity ( contrastive linguistics , discourse , semantics , linguistic analysis of french ) are essential . the post is available from 1 october 1995 . for an informal discussion about the post , please contact tony hartley , principal lecturer , by e-mail ( tony . hartley @ uk . ac . bton . itri ) or by telephone ( 01273 642918 ) . ref bb456 for further details and an application form contact the personnel department , university of brighton , brighton , bn2 4at , or 24 hour answerphone : ( 0273 ) 642849 quoting the appropriate reference number . if you need further information , ring ( 0273 ) 642837 . closing date : mid - july 1995 ( phone for a precise date ) .
 "",0
 1472,""Subject: book notice list
  
  language journal of the linguistic society of america book notice list below is the list of books currently available for 500 word book notices . the opportunity to write book notices is offered to all readers of language whether or not they are lsa members , though the editor reserves the right to decline to send books to volunteers whose previous book notices have presented substantive or stylistic problems that increase the time required for editing . students are encouraged to write book notices , though a faculty supervisor must agree to approve the book notice before it is submitted to the editor . book notices are due within three months after the reviewer receives the book ; this insures that works are reviewed in a timely fashion . please feel free to circulate this list to colleagues . arteaga , alfred ( ed . ) an other tongue : nation and ethnicity in the linguistic borderlands . durham : duke university press , 1994 . pp . x , 295 . cloth $ 49 . 95 , paper $ 17 . 95 . bates , dawn , thom hess and vi hilbert ; edited by dawn bates . lushootseed dictionary . seattle and london : university of washington press , 1994 . pp . xxi , 381 . paper $ 30 . 00 belcher , diane and george braine ( eds . ) academic writing in a second language : essays on research and pedagogy . norwood , nj : ablex publishing co . , 1995 . pp . xxxi , 410 . cloth $ 59 . 95 , paper $ 24 . 95 . bergen , robert d . ( ed . ) biblical hebrew and discourse linguistics . dallas , tx : sil , 1994 . pp . 560 . paper $ 40 . 00 . bharati , akshar , vineet chaitanya and rajeev sangal . natural language processing : a paninian perspective . new delhi : prentice hall of india , 1995 . pp . xviii , 220 . breva - claramonte , manuel . la didactica de las lenguas en el renacimiento : juan luis vives y pero simon abril . bilbao : universidad de deusto , 1994 . pp . 270 . campbell , kim sydow . coherence , continuity , and cohesion : theoretical foundations for document design . hillsdale , nj : lawrence erlbaum associates , 1994 . pp . ix , 113 . cloth $ 29 . 95 , paper $ 17 . 95 . carl , wolfgang . frege 's theory of sense and reference : its origins and scope . cambridge : cambridge university press , 1995 . pp . viii , 220 . crangle , colleen and patrick suppes . language and learning for robots ( csli lecture notes , 41 ) . stanford : center for the study of language and information , 1994 . pp . xxi , 276 . darnell , regna and juidith irvine ( eds . ) the collected works of edward sapir , iv : ethnology . berlin and new york : walter de gruyter , 1994 . pp . 963 . de beaugrande , robert , abdulla shunnaq , and mohamed h . heliel , eds . language , discourse and translation in the west and middle east . amsterdam & philadelphia : john benjamins publishing company , 1994 . pp . xi , 256 . dougherty , ray c . natural language computing : an english generative grammar in prolog . ( with accompanying disk ) hillsdale , nj : lawrence erlbaum associates , 1994 . pp . xlvi , 349 . cloth $ 69 . 95 , paper $ 36 . 00 . engh , jan . verb i passiv fulgt av perfektum partisipp : bruk og historie . oslo : novus forlag , 1994 . pp . x , 374 . paper nok 285 . 00 extra , guus and ludo verhoeveon ( eds . ) the cross-linguistic study of bilingual development . amsterdam : north - holland , 1994 . pp . 288 . fassi fehri , abdelkader . issues in the structure of arabic clauses and words . dordrecht , boston & london : kluwer academic publishers , 1993 . pp . xiv , 314 . fine , elizabeth c . the folklore text : from performance to print . bloomington and indianapolis : indiana university press , 1994 . pp . 244 . paper $ 12 . 95 . flower , linda . the construction of negotiated meaning : a social cognitive theory of writing . carbondale and edwardsville : southern illinois university press , 1994 . pp . x , 334 . formigari , lia and daniele gambarara ( eds . ) historical roots of linguistic theories . ( amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science ) . amsterdam & philadelphia : john benjamins , 1995 . pp . viii , 309 . fuchs , catherine and bernard victorri ( eds . ) continuity in linguistic semantics ( lingvisticae investigationes : supplementa 19 ) . amsterdam and philadelphia : john benjamins , 1994 . pp . 255 . gernsbacher , morton ann and t . giv """" n . coherence in spontaneous text . ( typological studies in language , 31 ) . amsterdam and philadelphia : john benjamins , 1995 . pp . x , 267 . gile , daniel . basic concepts and models for interpreter and translator training ( benjamins translation library , 8 ) . amsterdam and philadelphia : john benjamins , 1995 . pp . xv , 277 . giv """" n , talmy ( ed . ) . voice and inversion . philadelphia : john benjamins publishing co . , 1994 , pp . 402 . gopinathan , s ; anne pakir ; ho wah kam ; & vanithamani saravanan . language , society and education in singapore : issues and trends . singapore : times academic press , 1994 . pp . vii , 391 . grossmann , maria . opposizioni direzionali e prefissazione : analisi morfologica e semantica dei verbi egressivi prefissati con des - e es - in catalano . ( quaderni patavini di linguistica monografie , 14 ) padova : unipress , 1994 . pp . 147 . harries , elizabeth wanning . the unfinished manner : essays on the fragment in the later eighteenth century . charlottesville and london : university press of virginia , 1994 . pp . xi , 215 . haspelmath , martin and ekkehard konig ( eds . ) converbs in cross - linguistic perspective : structure and meaning of adverbial verb forms - - adverbial participles , gerunds - - ( empirical approaches to language typology , 13 ) . berlin and new york : mouton de gruyter , 1995 . pp . x , 565 . hengeveld , kees . non - verbal predication : theory , typology , diachrony ( functional grammar series 15 ) . berlin and new york : mouton de gruyter , 1992 . pp . xxiii , 321 . hill , clifford and kate parry ( eds . ) from testing to assessment : english as an international language ( applied linguistics and language study ) . london and new york : longmans , 1994 . pp . viii , 283 . ilie , cornelia . what else can i tell you ? a pragmatic study of english rhetorical questions as discursive and argumentative acts . stockholm : almqvist & wiksell international , 1994 . pp . vii , 248 . issacharoff , michael and lelia madrid . de la pensee au langage . paris : jos corti , 1995 . pp . 228 . jannedy , stefanie , robert poletto , and tracey l . weldon ( eds . ) . language files : materials for an introduction to language & linguistics ( 6th edition ) . columbus : ohio state university press , 1994 . pp . xiii , 477 . kandiah , thiru , and john kwan - terry ( eds . ) . english and language planning : a southeast asian contribution . singapore : times academic press , 1994 . pp . ix , 309 . karlsson , fred , atro voutilainen , juha heikkila , and arto anttila ( eds . ) constraint grammar : a language-independent system for parsing unrestricted text ( natural language processing , 4 ) . berlin and new york : walter de gruyter , 1994 . pp . viii , 430 . cloth dm 298 . 00 . kassai , ilona ( ed . ) . k tnyelv s g ~ s magyar nyelvhaszn lat ( proceedings of the 6th living language conference , 1993 ) . budapest : hungarian academy of sciences , 1995 . pp . 318 . kenesei , istvan ( ed . ) . levels and structures ( approaches to hungarian , volume five ) . szeged : jate , 1995 . pp . 342 . paper $ 19 . 00 . kim - renaud , young - key ( ed . ) thoeretical issues in korean linguistics . stanford : csli publications , 1994 . pp . xvi , 555 . cloth $ 55 . 00 , paper $ 29 . 95 . king , alan . the basque language : a practical introduction . reno , las vegas and london : university of nevada press , 1994 . pp . xvi , 463 . kiyose , gisaburo n . japanese grammar : a new approach . kyoto : kyoto universitypress , 1995 . pp . x , 181 . kretzenbacher , heinz l . and harald weinrich ( eds . ) linguistik der wissenschaftssprache ( akademie der wissenschaften zu berlin , forschungsbericht 10 ) . berlin & new york : walter de gruyter , 1995 . pp . vi , 407 . laing , margaret , and keith williamson ( eds . ) speaking in our tongues : medieval dialectology and related disciplines . rochester , ny : d . s . brewer , 1994 . pp . xi , 231 . lerat , pierre les langues specialisees . paris : presses universitaires de france , 1995 . pp . 201 . levinsohn , stephen h . ( ed . ) . discourse features of ten languages of west - central africa ( publications in linguistics 119 ) . arlington : summer institute of linguistics and the university of texas at arlington press , 1994 . pp . ix , 241 . lima , susan d . , roberta l . corrigan and gregory k . iverson . the reality of linguistic rules ( studies in language companion series , 26 ) . amsterdam and philadelphia : john benjamins , 1994 . pp . xxiii , 480 . lippi - green , rosina . language ideology and language change in early modern german : a sociolinguistic study of the consonantal system of nuremberg . ( amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science ) . amsterdam & philadelphia : john benjamins , 1994 . pp . xiv , 150 . lucas , ceil and clayton valli . language contact in the american deaf community . san diego : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . pp . xviii , 161 . masi canuto , mari luisa . el complemento circunstancial en espanol . castell """" de la plana : publicacions de la universitat jaume i , 1994 . pp . 132 . mcclamrock , ron . existential cognition : computational minds in the world . chicago : university of chicago press , 1995 . pp . viii , 215 . cloth $ 28 . 95 . macwhinney , brian . the childes project : tools for analyzing talk ( 2nd ed . ) . hillsdale , nj : lawrence earlbaum associates , 1995 . pp . xii , 458 . meisel , j rgen m . bilingual first language acquisition : french and german grammatical development . amsterdam & philadelphia : john benjamins , 1994 . pp . 282 . merino , barbara j . , henry t . trueba and fabi n a . samaniego ( eds . ) language and culture in learning : teaching spanoish to nation speakers of spanish . washington and london : the falmer press . pp . xi , 279 . merisalo , outi and raija sarasti - wilenius ( eds . ) mare balticum - - mare nostrum : latin in the countries of the baltic sea ( 1500 - 1800 ) . ( acts of the helsinki colloquium , 16-21 august , 1992 ) . helsinki : academia scientiarum fennica , 1994 . pp . 175 . metzger , david . the lost cause of rhetoric : the relation of rhetoric and geometry in aristotle and lacan . carbondale and edwardsville : southern illinois university press , 1995 . pp . xvi , 135 . miikkulainen , risto . subsymbolic natural language processing : an integrated model of scripts , lexicon , and memory . cambridge : mit press , 1993 . pp . xii , 391 . moeschler , jacques , anne reboul , jean - marc luscher , and jacques jayez . langage et pertinence : r f rence temporelle , anaphore , connecteurs et m taphore . nancy , france : presses universitaires de nancy , 1994 . pp . 301 . paper ff 160 . 00 . moreno de alba , jose g . la pronunciacion del espanol en m xico ( estudios de dialectolog ! a mexicana , v ) . santa teresa , mexico : el colegio de mexico . 1994 . pp . 158 . morzinski , mary . the linguistic influence of polish on joseph conrad 's style ( east european monographs no . cdxii ) lublin : maria curie - sk ~ odowska university , 1994 . pp . 148 . cloth $ 28 . 00 . neel , jasper . aristotle 's voice : rhetoric , theory and writing in america . carbondale and edwardsville : southern illinois university press , 1994 . pp . 259 . cloth $ 34 . 95 , nelson , keith e . and zita reger ( eds . ) children 's language : volume 8 . hillsdale , nj : lawrence earlbaum associates , 1995 . pp . xix , 289 . nesset , tore . russian stress : stress as an inflectional formative in russian noun paradigms and bybee 's cognitive morphology . oslo : novus press , 1994 . paper nok 166 . 00 . pp . xi , 172 . norden , magnus . logische beziehungskonzepte und inferenzprozeduren : zu einer semantisch-kognitiven theorie der verbalen idiome im deutschen . stockholm : almqvist & wiksell international , 1994 . pp . 198 . paper sek 162 . odlin , terence ( ed . ) perspectives on pedagogical grammar ( cambridge applied linguistics series ) . cambridge : cambridge university press , 1994 . pp . x , 340 . perera , katharine , glyn collis & brian richards ( eds . ) . growing points in child language . cambridge : cambridge university press , 1994 . pp . 264 . paper $ 19 . 95 . philippaki - warburton , irene , katerina nicolaidis , and maria sifianou , eds . themes in greek linguistics : papers from the first international conference on greek linguistics , reading , september 1993 . amsterdam & philadelphia : john benjamins publishing company , 1994 . pp . xvii , 534 . quasthoff , uta m . ( ed . ) . aspects of oral communication ( research in text theory ) . berlin and new york : walter de gruyter , 1995 . pp . 493 . cloth 250 . 00 dm . rastier , francois , marc cavazza , and anne abeille . semantique pour l ' analyse de la linguistique a l ' informatique . paris : masson , 1994 . pp . xii , 240 . rey , alain . essays on terminology ( benjamins translation library , 9 ) . amsterdam and philadelphia : john benjamins , 1995 . pp . xiv , 223 . ristad , eric sven , ed . dimacs series in discrete mathematics and theoretical computer science : language computations . american mathematical society . 1994 . pp . xiv , 198 . rosenblatt , louise m . the reader , the text , the poem : the transactional theory fo the literary work . carbondale and edwardsville : southern illinois university press , 1994 . pp . xv , 210 . paper $ 14 . 95 . saarinen , sirkka ( ed . ) . timofej jevsevjevs folklore-sammlungen aus dem tscheremissischen iv ( m moires de la soci t finno - ougrienne , 219 ) . helsinki : suomalais - ugrilainen seura , 1994 . pp . 447 . selting , margret . prosodie im gesprach : aspekte einer interaktionalen phonologie der konversation . ( linguistische arbeiten ; 329 ) . t bingen : max niemeyer verlag , 1995 . pp . xii , 386 . paper dm 178 . scholfield , phil . quantifying language : a researcher 's and teacher 's guide to gathering language data and reducing it to figures . clevedon , philadelphia and adelaide : multilingual matters , ltd . , 1995 . pp . x , 298 . cloth $ 89 . 95 , paper $ 29 . 95 . schwink , frederick w . linguistic typology , universality and the realism of reconstruction ( journal of indo - european studies monograph series , 12 ) . washington , d . c . : institute for the study of man , 1994 . pp . 133 . sokolov , jeffrey l . and catherine e . snow ( eds . ) . handbook of research in language development ising childes . hillsdale , nj : lea , 1994 . pp . 489 . paper $ 29 . 95 , cloth $ 89 . 95 . snell hornby , mary , franz p chhacker , and klaus kaindl ( eds . ) . translation studies : an interdiscipline . amsterdam & philadelphia : john benjamins , 1994 . pp . 438 . steen , gerard . understanding metaphor in literature : an empirical approach . ( studies in language and linguistics ) . london & ny : longman , 1994 . pp . xiii , 263 . su , soon peng . lexical ambiguity in poetry . ( studies in language and linguistics ) . london & ny : longman , 1994 . pp . ix , 188 . syrett , martin . the unaccented vowels of proto - norse . odense , denmark : odense university press , 1994 . pp . 323 . paper dkk 240 . 00 . szalay , lorand b . , et al . american and chinese perceptions and belief systems : a people 's republic of china - - taiwanese comparison ( cognition and language series ) . ny : plenum press , 1994 . pp . x , 270 . paper $ 69 . 50 . tager - flusberg , helen ( ed . ) . constraints on language acquisition : studies of atypical children . hillsdale , nj : lawrence erlbaum , 1994 . pp . 356 . cloth $ 49 . 95 . tichy , eva . die nomina agentis auf - tar - im vedischen . heidelberg : universit tsverlag c . winter , 1995 . pp . vii , 416 . cloth dm 128 . uda , chiharu . complex predicates in japanese . ny : garland publishing , inc . , 1994 . pp . 358 . cloth $ 72 . 00 . van coetsem , frans . the vocalism of the germanic parent language : systematic evolution and sociohistorical context . heidelberg : universit tsverlag c . winter , 1994 . pp . 230 . veikhman , gregory . a new look at english syntax . moscow : h . g . s . ltd . , 1995 . pp . 289 . weaver , charles a . , iii , suzanne mannes , and charles r . fletcher ( eds . ) . discourse comprehension : essays in honors of walter kintsch . hillsdale , nj : lawrence erlbaum associates , 1995 . pp . xii , 426 . cloth $ 79 . 95 , paper $ 39 . 95 . wenzel , siegfried . macaronic sermons : bilingualism and preaching in late-medieval engliand . ann arbor : university of moichigan press , 1994 . pp . xiii , 361 . cloth $ 52 . 50 . wind , jan , abraham jonker , robin allott , and leonard rolfe , eds . studies in language origins , vol . 3 . amsterdam & philadelphia : john benjamins , 1994 . pp . xix , 344 . winter , werner ( ed . ) on languages and language : the presidential addresses of the 1991 meeting of the societas linguistica europaea ( trends in linguistics . studies and monographs : 78 ) . berlin and new york : mouton de gruyter , 1995 . pp . 294 . requests may be made to : languages reviews c / o edwin battistella humanities division wayne state college wayne , ne 68787 langrev @ wscgate . wsc . edu if requesting by email , please include a s-mail address .
 "",0
 1473,""Subject: 
  
  webelhuth , gert ( editor ) ; ( university of north carolina , chapel hill ) government and binding theory and the minimalist program : principles and parameters in syntactic theory march 1995 6 x 9 400 pages 0-631 - 18061 - 3 paperback $ 24 . 95 0-631 - 18059 - 1 hardcover $ 69 . 95 this volume provides an authoritative overview of government and binding theory , and - - in crucial new papers by noam chomsky and alec marantz - - of the subsequent development of the minimalist program . written by a group of internationally respected researchers , each chapter is focused on an individual module of the theory . articles describe the current development of and state of work on a particular topic ; its place within the architecture of the gb approach to linguistic structure ; and the prospects and need for change within the module . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com haegeman , liliane ( university of geneva , switzerland ) introduction to government and binding theory 1994 6 1 / 2 x 9 1 / 2 728 pages 0-631 - 19067 - 8 paperback $ 27 . 95 this new edition has been extensively updated throughout . major structural changes include new chapters on functional heads and head movement and on relativized minimality . discussions of a number of topics either absent from or only briefly addressed in the first edition have been integrated or expanded , for example , the structure of small clauses , chain formation , and reconstruction , multiple movement , wh - absorption , full interpretation , and expletive replacement . the copious exercises have been revised to increase potential for creativity and flexibility to approach . new exercises highlight further controversial issues . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com wardhaugh , ronald ( university of toronto ) understanding english grammar : a linguistic approach january 1995 6 3 / 4 x 9 3 / 4 288 pages 0-631 - 19642 - 0 paperback $ 24 . 95 0-631 - 19641 - 2 hardcover $ 54 . 95 understanding english grammar presents the essentials of english structure comprehensibly to students who have had little or no opportunity to study the language , and does so within a framework derived from modern linguistic theory . students , however , require no previous knowledge of linguistics . through use of this book , students will gain an understanding of what is involved in the scholarly study of language and , while doing so , acquire a considerable knowledge of english grammar . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com hornstein , norbert ( university of maryland , college park ) logical form : from gb to minimalism july 1995 6 x 9 240 pages 0-631 - 18942 - 4 paperback $ 24 . 95 0-631 - 17912 - 7 hardcover $ 59 . 95 the aim of this book is to review critically grammatical research into logical form over the past 20 years and to reconsider some of its major themes in the light of recent theoretical innovations . the book focuses especially on quantifier raising and a host of conditions that have been proposed a constrain valid lf phrase markers . the second section considers what properties a """" minimalist """" lf should have . this material is by its nature more speculative . among the topics broached are anticedent contained deletion constructions , weak crossover configurations and multiple interrogatives . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com fu , jingqi . ( university of massachusetts , amherst ) ; on deriving chinese derived nominals : evidence for v - to - n raising , pb . xv + 244 pp . ph . d . dissertation , 1994 . $ 16 + s / h ( $ 3 domestic , $ 4 foreign surface ) . glsa , glsa @ linguist . umass . edu . this thesis investigates the syntactic structure of chinese derived nominals and argues for a syntactic account ( hazout ( 1990 ) and borer ( 1991 , forthcoming ) and against a lexical account ( chomsky 1970 , grimshaw 1990 ) of nominalization . it is shown that derived nominals exhibit both nominal and verbal properties . since these verbal properties , such as word order , vp reconstruction effects , vp sensitive context deletion and constituent structure , are structureal and not lexical in nature , it is argued that derived nominals are best analyzed as syntactically derived from an underlying vp , via head-raising . canac marquis , rejean . ( university of massachusetts , amherst ) ; a / a - bar chain uniformity . pb . xiii + 285 pp . ph . d . dissertation , 1994 . $ 16 + s / h ( $ 3 domestic , $ 4 foreign surface ) . glsa , glsa @ linguist . umass . edu . this thesis develops a theory of chain uniformity based on a strict a / a - bar distinction , replying to alleged shortcomings of an a - a - bar typology of syntactic positions . arguing all positions withing functional categories ( fcs ) are inherently undetermined w . r . t . a / a - bar , chain uniformity allows a chain contextual determination of their a / a - bar status , eliminating the exponential complexity related to increasing number of fcs from a language acquisition viewpoint , yet allowing a cross-linguistic flexibility previous typologies lacked . chain uniformity implies a reanalysis of ( non-unifrom ) operator - variable chains as two unfiorm chains connnected through clausal predication ( as in null operator constructions ( nocs ) ) at the level of agrps , capturing intricate properties of past-participle agreement in french ( chapter 3 ) . other chapters extend the analysis to specific constructions , e . g . scrambling ( chapter 5 ) , weak and weakest crossover effects ( chapter 4 ) and nocs ( chapter 6 ) .
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 1474,""Subject: 
  
  history of ling the magic of a common language : jakobson , mathesius , trubetzkoy , and the prague linguistic circle by jindrich toman current studies in linguistics series # 26 , the mit press $ 40 hardcover available from the mit press 800 . 356 . 0343 or < mitpress-orders @ mit . edu > social and cultural environment , historical factors , and tenets of the prague linguistics circle . available for discussion . discourse analysis firth , alan ( ed ) . [ 1995 ] the discourse of negotiation : studies of language in the workplace . language & communication library . pergamon . trix , frances . [ 1993 ] spiritual discourse : learning with an islamic master . university of pennsylvania press . psycholinguistics gleitman , lila and barbara landau . [ 1994 ] the acquisition of the lexicon . a bradford book . the mit press . cambridge , ma . sociolinguistics figueroa , esther . [ 1994 ] sociolinguistic metatheory . language & communication library volume 14 . pergamon . syntax deane , paul d . [ 1992 ] grammar in mind and brain : explorations in cognitive syntax . cognitive linguistics research , 2 . mouton de gruyter . fiengo , robert and robert may . [ 1994 ] indices and identity . linguistic inquiry monograph twenty - four . the mit press : cambridge . kayne , richard s . [ 1994 ] the antisymmetry of syntax . linguistic inquiry monograph twenty - five . the mit press : cambridge . levin , beth and malka rappaport hovav . [ 1995 ] unaccusativity : at the syntax - lexical semantics interface . linguistic inquiry monograph twenty - six . the mit press : cambridge .
 "",0
 1475,""Subject: 
  
  psycholinguistics aitchison , jean ( university of oxford ) words in the mind : an introduction to the mental lexicon 1994 6 x 9 304 pages 0-631 - 18921 - 1 paperback $ 21 . 95 this book deals with words , and how humans learn them , remember them , understand them , and select them . it discusses the structure and content of the human word-store or ' mental lexicon ' with particular reference to the spoken language of native english speakers . the new edition contains substantial additions and revisions , reflecting new developments arising from the tremendous growth of research into the mental lexicon . there are two new chapters , and others have been considerably expanded . no chapter remains unaltered , and over 300 new references have been added as notes and suggestions for further reading . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . romaine , suzanne ( university of oxford ) bilingualism : second edition 1994 6 x 9 691 pages 0-631 - 19539 - 4 paperback $ 24 . 95 the new edition explores various aspects of bilingual behaviour , such as code switching and language mixing , in terms of their social functions within the bilingual speech community as well as in terms of neurolinguistic organization in the individual speaker . the author also assesses the positive and negative claims made for the effects of bilingualism on children 's cognitive , social and academic development , and examines the assumptions behind various language policies and programs for bilingual children . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com language acquisition smith , neil and tsimpli , ianthi - maria ( university college , london , and university of newcastle upon tyne ) the mind of a savant : language , learning and modularity january 1995 6 x 9 256 pages 0-631 - 19017 - 1 paperback $ 19 . 95 0-631 - 19016 - 3 hardcover $ 49 . 95 savants are people who are mentally and often physically inpaired but who have one dazzling talent . savants with mathematical , artistic or musical ability , while rare , are not unheard of , but cases like that of christopher , who is described here , have never been reported before . in this study neil smith and ianthi tsimpli provide insight into the nature of language and language learning , and on the relation between language and thought in general . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com
 "",0
 1476,""Subject: cognitive science technical reports
  
  the following new technical reports are now available from the institute for research in cognitive science : probabilistic matching of brain images j . c . gee l . lebriquer c . barillot d . r . haynor ircs-95 - 07 $ 2 . 20 image matching has emerged as an important area of investigation in medical image analysis . in particular , much attention has been focused on the atlas problem , in which a template representing the structural anatomy of the human brain is deformed to match anatomic brain images from a given individual . the problem is made difficult because there are important differences in both the gross and local morphology of the brain among normal individuals . we have formulated the image matching problem under a bayesian framework . the bayesian methodology facilitates a principled approach to the development of a matching model . of special interest is its capacity to deal with uncertainty in the estimates , a potentially important but generally ignored aspect of the solution . in the construction of a reference system for the human brain , the bayesian approach is well suited to the task of modeling variation in morphology . statistical information about morphological variability , accumulated over past samples , can be formally introduced into the problem formulation to guide the matching or normalization of future data sets . bayesian approach to the brain image matching problem j . c . gee l . lebriquer c . barillot d . r . haynor r . bajcsy ircs-95 - 08 $ 1 . 80 the application of image matching to the problem of localizing structural anatomy in images of the human brain forms the specific aim of our work . the interpretation of such images is a difficult task for human observers because of the many ways in which the identity of a given structure can be obscured . our approach is based on the assumption that a common topology underlies the anatomy of normal individuals . to the degree that this assumption holds , the localization problem can be solved by determining the mapping from the anatomy of a given individual to some referential atlas of cerebral anatomy . previous such approaches have in many cases relied on a physical interpretation of this mapping . in this paper , we examine a more general bayesian formulation of the image matching problem and demonstrate the approach on two-dimensional magnetic resonance images . xtag system - a wide coverage grammar for english christy doran dania egedi beth ann hockey b . srinivas martin zaidel ircs-95 - 09 $ 1 . 03 this paper presents the xtag system , a grammar development tool based on the tree adjoining grammar ( tag ) formalism that includes a wide-coverage syntactic grammar for english . the various components of the system are discussed and preliminary evaluation results from the parsing of various corpora are given . results from the comparison of xtag against the ibm statistical parser and the alvey natural language tool parser are also given . disambiguation of super parts of speech ( or supertags ) : almost parsing aravind k . joshi b . srinivas ircs-95 - 10 $ 1 . 28 in a lexicalized grammar formalism such as lexicalized tree - adjoining grammar ( ltag ) , each lexical item is associated with at least one elementary structure ( supertag ) that localizes syntactic and semantic dependencies . thus a parser for a lexicalized grammar must search a large set of supertags to choose the right ones to combine for the parse of the sentence . we present techniques for disambiguating supertags using local information such as lexical preference and local lexical dependencies . the similarity between ltag and dependency grammars is exploited in the dependency model of supertag disambiguation . the performance results for various models of supertag disambiguation such as unigram , trigram and dependency-based models are presented . a freely available syntactic lexicon for english dania egedi patrick martin ircs-95 - 11 $ 1 . 18 this paper presents a syntactic lexicon for english that was originally derived from the oxford advanced learner 's dictionary and the oxford dictionary of current idiomatic english , and then modified and augmented by hand . there are more than 37 , 000 syntactic entries from all 8 parts of speech . an x - windows based tool is available for maintaining the lexicon and performing searches . c and lisp hooks are also available so that the lexicon can be easily utilized by parsers and other programs . lexicalization and grammar development b . srinivas dania egedi christy doran tilman becker ircs-95 - 12 $ 1 . 18 in this paper we present a fully lexicalized grammar formalism as a particularly attractive framework for the specification of natural language grammars . we discuss in detail feature - based , lexicalized tree adjoining grammars ( fb-ltag s ) , a representative of the class of lexicalized grammars . we illustrate the advantages of lexicalized grammars in various contexts of natural language processing , ranging from wide-coverage grammar development to parsing and machine translation . we also present a method for compact and efficient representation of lexicalized trees . a processing model for free word order languages owen rambow aravind k . joshi ircs-95 - 13 $ 2 . 00 like many verb-final languages , german displays considerable word-order freedom : there is no syntactic constraint on the ordering of the nominal arguments of a verb , as long as the verb remains in final position . this effect is referred to as ` ` scrambling ' ' , and is interpreted in transformational frameworks as leftward movement of the arguments . furthermore , arguments from an embedded clause may move out of their clause ; this effect is referred to as ` ` long-distance scrambling ' ' . while scrambling has recently received considerable attention in the syntactic literature , the status of long-distance scrambling has only rarely been addressed . the reason for this is the problematic status of the data : not only is long-distance scrambling highly dependent on pragmatic context , it also is strongly subject to degradation due to processing constraints . as in the case of center-embedding , it is not immediately clear whether to assume that observed unacceptability of highly complex sentences is due to grammatical restrictions , or whether we should assume that the competence grammar does not place any restrictions on scrambling ( and that , therefore , all such sentences are in fact grammatical ) , and the unacceptability of some ( or most ) of the grammatically possible word orders is due to processing limitations . in this paper , we will argue for the second view by presenting a processing model for german . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * how to access reports : the reports are available in bound form for the price listed above , or may be obtained for free , electronically . to obtain a compressed postscript copy of the report , open an anonymous ftp session on ftp . cis . upenn . edu path : pub / ircs / technical-reports the files are named according to their number . for example , report 95-01 is stored as 95-01 . ps . z , 95-02 is stored as 95-02 . ps . z , etc . if you are using ftp , change the setting to binary and download the file . to get a copy of report 95-01 , you would type : binary get 95-01 . ps . z you can also obtain files through electronic mail . send a mail message to ircsserv @ ftp . cis . upenn . edu . the message should read """" send technical-reports filename """" . you will receive the compressed postscript file in reply . requests for bound copies should be sent to the address listed below , and include a check for the price of the desired report . checks should be made payable to """" trustees of the university of pennsylvania . """" jodi kerper jbkerper @ central . cis . upenn . edu institute for research in cognitive science 3401 walnut street , suite 400c philadelphia , pa 19104-6228
 "",0
 1477,""Subject: 
  
  semantics 1 ) p . m . bertinetto , v . bianchi , j . higginbotham , m . squartini ( eds . ) : temporal reference , aspect , and actionality . vol . 1 : semantic and syntactic perspectives . pb : 250pp . ; approx . usd 30 ; rosenberg & sellier ( via andrea doria 14 , i-10123 torino , credit card accepted ) actionality : p . m . bertinetto & m . squartini , l . j . brinton , i . depraetere , j - p . descles & z . guentcheva , e . ; semantics and syntax : a . bonomi , g . chierchia , d . delfitto & pm . bertinetto , a . lenci , j . pustejovsky & f . busa , a . sanfilippo , h . verkuyl ; discourse relations : r . boogaart , w . castelnovo , w . castelnovo & r . vogel , v . lo cascio , c . vet ; syntax & semantics : v . bianchi , m . squartini , pm . bertinetto , l . dini , a . giorgi & f . pianesi , j . nunes & e . thompson , t . stowell , k . zagona . 2 ) p . m . bertinetto , v . bianchi , o . dahl , m . squartini ( eds . ) : temporal reference , aspect , and actionality . vol . 2 : typological perspectives . pb : 250 pp . ; approx . usd 30 ; rosenberg & sellier ( via andrea doria 14 , i-10123 torino , credit card accepted ) general issues : o . dahl , c . de groot , r . thieroff & m . budde ; the interrelationship of aspect and actionality : c . bache , l . gebert , j . lindstedt , c . s . smith , h . tommola ; the progressive : o . heinamaki , e . konig , h . metslang , k . h . ebert ; the perfects : j . boulle , f . fici giusti , t . a . j . m . janssen , a . mittwoch ; tense & beyond : a . aksu koc , a . giacalone ramat . for more informations : bertinet @ sns . it
 "",0
 1478,""Subject: 
  
  simply send a message to : listserv @ tamvm1 . tamu . edu ( internet ) or listserv @ tamvm1 ( bitnet ) the message should consist of the single line : get publishername lst linguist for example , to get more information on a book published by mouton de gruyter , send the message : get mouton lst linguist at the moment , the following lists are available : benjamin lst ( john benjamins ) erlbaum lst ( lawrence erlbaum ) kluwer lst ( kluwer academic publishers ) mouton lst ( mouton de gruyter ) sil lst ( summer institute of linguistics ) ucp lst ( university of chicago press ) glsa lst ( u . of massachusetts graduate linguistics association ) osuwpl lst ( ohio state working papers in linguistics ) cornell lst ( cornell university linguistics dept . ) usc lst ( u . of s . california dissertation list ) csli lst ( csli list )
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 1479,""Subject: notice to subscribers
  
  moderators ' note : as some of you have noted , we have fallen behind in posting messages this summer . the reason is that we are extremely shorthanded right now . as you know , none of our student editors is paid during the summer , so if they want to go to the lsa institute ( ljuba and anna ) , take a """" real """" 9 - 5 : 00 job ( ron ) , or even get married ( ann ) , all we can say is : a ) godspeed b ) boy , do we now realize how much work you were doing all year ! we have n't edited without help since the list was 1000 subscribers . now it 's 6500 ; and we find that we simply can't keep up in the time we have to give to linguist . ( unfortunately , our universities expect us to teach , write , run academic programs , and otherwise pretend we ' re professors . editing linguist is strictly extra-curricular . ) all this is said , not in order to complain , but simply to ask for your patience with the inevitable slowdown . at this point , we do n't see anything we can do about it . however , in a few weeks , things should improve . ann ( bride of 2 weeks ! ) is helping out now when she can ; and the others will help out again when they get settled . also , software that will make the editing faster should be in place by the end of summer . but , of course , the real solution would be paid editors in the summer , i . e . , grad students on fellowship and enrolled in summer school . thus , we want to thank - - most heartily - - those of you who have contributed to the linguist development fund that makes possible fellowships for student editors . after told you in april that we were $ 5000 short of the $ 8000 we need to retain ljuba and ann , you responded most generously . we received about 200 contributions ranging from $ 5 to $ 500 and coming from all parts of the globe . we are extremely grateful for contributions of all sizes - - and for the many encouraging notes we received as well . the list of 1995 contributors below includes grad students , professors , departments , universities , and commercial and non-commercial publishers . please take a minute to read through it , as we would like to make sure that supporters are recognized - - particularly organizations and publishers , who contribute more as a service to the discipline than for commercial benefits . unfortunately , we are still short of our goal . if you ' ve been thinking of contributing but have n't gotten around to it yet , we 'd very much appreciate your help . please send your contributions to : linguist editorial support fund c / o english dept . eastern michigan u . ypsilanti , mi 48197 usa and , once again , our most sincere thanks to the individuals and institutions listed below . - helen & anthony - - - - - - - - - - 1995 contributors - - - - - - - - valued supporters : anonymous ( 3 ) barbara abbott maher awad yukiko sasaki alam robert beard elabbas benmamoun robert chandler linda coleman alan cienki donna cromer stanley dubinsky bethany dumas susan fischer frank gladney john grinstead yukio hirose alice horning shin ja hwang frances ingemann margaret jackman james jenkins brian joseph martin jung carolyn kirkpatrick yuriko kite ernest mccarus scott mcginnis deborah mandelbaum jeff marck susan pintzuk terence potter mel resnick burton rosner catherine rudin janine scanarelli makoto shimizu beth simon patrons ( $ 50 or more ) : anonymous australia national university ( for pacific linguistics press ) michael bernstein ( for cascadilla press ) garland bills claude boisson e . wayles browne tucker childs bernard comrie julia falk james harris carolyn herrarte richard hudson roderick jacobs karen jensen ( w / matching funds from microsoft ) james kirchner tadao miyamato katsuhiko momoi daniel radzinski alexis manaster ramer barbara pearson joe salmons & monica macaulay ucla yutaka sato ernest scatton karen stanley karl teeter theo vennemann mainstays ( $ 100 or more ) : anonymous victoria fromkin arnold zwicky university of helsinki ? elsevier science ltd . globalink : the translation co . holland academic graphics indiana university linguistics club publications linguistics dept . , academica sinica john benjamins , inc . kluwer academic publishing lawrence erlbaum macquarie dictionary the mit press ( book dept . ) the mit press ( journals dept . ) the mit working papers in linguistics summer institute of linguistics
 "",0
 1480,""Subject: haskins laboratories world wide web site
  
  = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = haskins laboratories , located in new haven , connecticut , is a private , non-profit research laboratory founded in 1935 . we have been continuously engaged in interdisciplinary basic research for over fifty years , including pioneering work on the acoustics of speech , the development of speech synthesis and its application to the study of speech perception . currently , most of the laboratories ' research projects are focused on problems in human communication and related topics , including speech perception , speech production , reading , linguistics , motor behavior , cognitive science , nonlinear dynamics , medical imaging , functional mri , etc . our < a href = """" http : / / www . haskins . yale . edu / """" > www home page < / a > provides an overview of the laboratories . < a href = """" http : / / www . haskins . yale . edu / haskins / misc / special . html """" > special features < / a > of our web site include a virtual tour of the < a href = """" http : / / www . haskins . yale . edu / haskins / misc / pp / pp . html """" > pattern playback < / a > , an early talking machine ; a description of research on < a href = """" http : / / www . haskins . yale . edu / haskins / misc / sws / sws . html """" > sinewave synthesis < / a > that includes an on-line perception experiment ; an interactive tutorial on our < a href = """" http : / / www . haskins . yale . edu / haskins / misc / asy / asy . html """" > articulatory synthesis < / a > vocal tract model ; and information on < a href = """" http : / / www . haskins . yale . edu / haskins / misc / vtv / vtv . html """" > v-tv < / a > , the vocal tract visualizer cd-rom that is presently under development , including some sample < a href = """" http : / / www . haskins . yale . edu / haskins / misc / vtv / mrisets . html """" > mri images < / a > . philip rubin , ph . d . vice president for technical resources haskins laboratories 270 crown st . , new haven , ct 06511 email : rubin @ haskins . yale . edu www : http : / / www . haskins . yale . edu
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 1481,""Subject: announce : mac common lisp http server 1 . 2 beta ( 29 . 2 )
  
  the common lisp web server is now available for mcl 3 . 0 . you can now interface your lisp programs to the world show exactly what you can do better and faster in lisp . the server is full-featured ( http 1 . 0 and html 2 . 0 ) and comes complete with source code . it has been proven in major production systems ( running on the lisp machine ) and applied in a number of artificial intelligence systems . key features include : * computed urls * html 2 . 0 generation . * implements get , head , post , put , delete http methods . * extensible , object-oriented architecture . * advanced condition architecture . * self - documentation . * working examples to get you started . * toolkit of web abstractions . * rapid prototyping for research , products , or protocol development . * disconnected operation on powerbooks . * complete source code . * free . the server was described in a paper at the 1st www conference http : / / www . ai . mit . edu / projects / iiip / doc / cl-http / server-abstract . html mac and lisp machine versions are now available for ftp from : ftp : / / ftp . ai . mit . edu / pub / users / jcma / cl-http / mac version 1 . 1 is included in the mcl 3 . 0 cd from digitool ( http : / / www . digitool . com / ) , which was cut yesterday and should be in user hands within about two weeks . the server also runs in mcl 2 . 0 . 1 , but only in single threaded mode . a listserve to discuss common lisp based www servers , clients , and related design issues is available at www-cl @ ai . mit . edu . you can join by sendin g an email message to www-cl - request @ ai . mit . edu including in the message body subscribe www-cl < your email address > future releases will be announced to www-cl . please report any interesting applications or server extensions to www-cl @ ai . mit . edu volunteers are sought for ports to lispworks , franz , lucid , cmu lisp or any other full-featured lisps running on pcs , unix machines , or other architectures . given the mac port , this reduces to deploying threads and interfacing to tcp . there will be a tutorial on this server and programming the web at the 1995 lisp users and vendors conference in cambridge in august , 1995 . ( contact luv-organizer @ ai . sri . com for further information ) . information is sought on other uses of dynamic languages ( e . g . , lisp , scheme , dylan ) in world wide web applications . the mac port was a product of a collaboration between apple 's cambridge research laboratory , the ai department of the university of wuerzburg , digitool inc , and the mit artificial intelligence laboratory . support for the mit ai lab 's research is provided in part by the advanced research projects agency of the us department of defense under contract number mda972-93 - 1-003n7 .
 "",0
 1482,""Subject: ipa fonts for unix ( tex )
  
  in linguist 6 . 810 , steve anderson requested an english version of the documentation for the tsipa fonts . prof . fukui rei , one of the authors of the fonts , has supplied such a translation and also indicated that a new version of tsipa package in the ctan archives is being prepared which will contain this documentation . in the meantime , the documentation is available via ftp at taptet . sscl . uwo . ca in subdirectory pub . download the files tsipadoc . ps or tsipadoc . lj ( postscript , pcl versions ) depending on your printer . if you wish to process the documentation yourself , download tsipa . sty . gz and tsipadoc . tar . gz . use latex 2 . 09 , not latex2e . chet creider < creider @ julian . uwo . ca >
 "",0
 1483,""Subject: 
  
  lappin , shalom ( editor ) , ( school of oriental and african studies , london ) the handbook of contemporary semantic theory december 1995 6 3 / 4 x 9 3 / 4 608 pages 0-631 - 18752 - 9 hardcover this volume provides a comprehensive view of the central issues in contemporary semantic theory . new articles by leading researchers in the field give an introductory account of previous work along with a presentation of new innovations and results . thus the handbook is both an authoritative guide to the major developments of linguistic semantics and a significant contribution to the current research . the articles in the handbook are written in an accessible style and include detailed references . in addition , the volume includes an extensive central bibliography which is intended to serve as a research tool for students and linguists working in the field . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com goldsmith , john a . ( university of chicago ) the handbook of phonological theory january 1995 6 3 / 4 x 9 3 / 4 1000 pages 0-631 - 18062 - 1 hardcover $ 79 . 95 the handbook of phonological theory brings together a detailed examination of the state of phonological theory in this decade . in a series of essays on topics as varied as underspecification theory , prosodic morphology , and syllable structure , 37 leading phonologists offer a critical survey of the leading and guiding ideas that lie behind the research in this active area of linguistic research . in all cases , the contributions have been written by leading workers in the areas which they discuss , and in many of the cases , the chapters of the handbook are the first published expositions of new perspectives which have already begun to shape the climate of research in the field . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com fletcher , paul and macwhinney , brian ( editors ) , ( university of reading and carnegie mellon university ) the handbook of child language 1994 6 3 / 4 x 9 3 / 4 786 pages 0-631 - 18405 - 8 hardcover $ 79 . 95 this volume , in its twenty-five definitive papers on normal and non-normal language development , represents the authoritative and up-to - date complete sourcebook on child language development . all aspects of child 's language development are addressed , including phonetics , phonology , grammar , and lexical development . connectionism and government-binding theory , as applied to development , are fully represented . the relevance of input , cognition and social factors to language development is explored . chapters on methodology , particularly using computer databases , are provided for both normal and non-normal acquisition . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com gottlieb , a . & murphy , m . l . beng-english dictionary ( with english-beng index ) . 1995 . xxv + 116 pp . prepaid u . s . check or money order , us $ 11 . 50 + 3 . 50 p&h ( us ) / 5 . 00 ( can ) / 5 . 50 ( other ) . iulc publications , 720 e . atwater ave . , bloomington in 47401 . < iulc @ indiana . edu > this is the first dictionary of this southern mande language of the cote d ' ivoire . with over 2000 headwords plus many idiomatic phrases , it provides linguistic and cultural information . an introduction on the sociolinguistic status of beng , and a section on its phonology and grammar are included .
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 1484,""Subject: 
  
  labov , william ( university of pennsylvania ) principles of linguistic change : volume 1 : internal factors 1994 6 x 9 672 pages 0-631 - 17914 - 3 paperback $ 29 . 95 0-631 - 17913 - 5 hardcover $ 69 . 95 this book develops the general principles of linguistic change that form the foundations of historical linguistics , dialectology and sociolinguistics . it is concerned with the factors that govern the internal development of linguistic structures : the mechanisms of change , the constraints on change , and the ways in which change is embedded in the larger linguistic system . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com chambers , j . k . ( university of toronto ) sociolinguistic theory : linguistic variation and its social significance february 1995 6 x 9 256 pages 0-631 - 18326 - 4 paperback $ 19 . 95 0-631 - 18325 - 6 hardcover $ 52 . 95 since the inception of sociolinguistics more than three decades ago , the correlation of dependent linguistic variables with independent social variables has provided the theoretical core of the discipline . chambers reviews the essential findings of henrietta cedegren , william labov , lesley milroy and james milroy , david sankoff , gillian sankoff , peter trudgill , walt wolfram , and many others , and puts them into context both with the work of the numerous linguists who have followed their lead and with their intellectual forbears from wilhelm von humboldt and louis gauchat to edward sapir . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com clackson , james ( trinity college , university of cambridge , uk ) the linguistic relationship between armenian and greek january 1995 5 1 / 2 x 8 1 / 2 276 pages 0-631 - 19197 - 6 paperback $ 29 . 95 this work examines the evidence for a special relationship between greek and armenian within the indo - european family . it contains studies of the methods used to assess interrelationships within language families ; the comparative reconstruction of proto - indo - european ; the interpretation of greek and armenian texts ; and the developments of the greek and armenian languages . the work outlines the existing methods employed for assessing the relationships between languages in the same genetic family , and sets forward the principles on which such investigations should proceed . the following chapters examine specific agreements between greek and armenian , and assess their significance for the relationship between the two languages . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com
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 1485,""Subject: 
  
  tsujimura , natsuko an introduction to japanese linguistics january 1996 6 3 / 4 x 9 3 / 4 400 pages 0-631 - 19856 - 3 paperback 0-631 - 19855 - 5 hardcover this is the first textbook on the structure of japanese written in the framework of generative linguistics . it serves both as an introduction to japanese linguistics for those who have no prior knowledge of linguistics , and as a reference book on japanese for linguists in general . the book gives a comprehensive account of japanese linguistics covering phonetics , phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics , language change , dialect variation and gender differences . the author introduces linguistic notions and terminology and discusses theoretical analyzes for linguistic phenomena in the language . a major focus is on phonology and syntax , where the formal approach of generative grammar is adopted . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com de bruyne , jacques and pountain , christopher ( rijksuniversiteit gent and university of cambridge ) a comprehensive spanish grammar october 1995 5 1 / 2 x 8 1 / 2 624 pages 0-631 - 19087 - 2 paperback $ 29 . 95 0-631 - 16803 - 6 hardcover $ 64 . 95 this is a definitive grammar for all students of spanish . the book covers topics from basic pronounciation and the use of the noun , to particular problem areas , such as difficulties with verbs and word order . special sections examine regional diversity within the language , and attention is paid throughout to the inclusion of latin - american spanish . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com dr jassem , zaidan ali et al , 1995 , drills in arabic writing & pronunciation as a foreign / second language : a comparison with english and languages of the muslim world . pp . xxi , 114 . ( golden books centre sdn bhd , no . 14 , 1st floor , lorong bunus enam , off jalan masjid india , 50100 kuala lumpur , malaysia . tel . + o3 - 2939862 / 2939864 ; fax : + o3 - 2928035 . this book deals with the teaching of arabic writing and pronunciation from the viewpoint of modern linguistics , ie , structuralist linguistics . it has three parts : one for vowels , long and short as well as other writing marks ; one for consonants ; and one on the pronunciation of the definite article al - in its qamari and shamsi forms . each letter or sound is presented separately and contrasted with other sounds or letters . the book is the first of its kind in arabic and is suitable for every one with interest in arabic language and linguistics .
 "",0
 1486,""Subject: 
  
  sacks , harvey , ( edited by emanuel schegloff ) lectures on conversation january 1995 6 x 9 1520 pages 1-55786 - 705 - 4 paperback $ 59 . 95 this project makes available for the first time the entire corpus of lectures by a writer whose thought and method influenced a generation of sociologists and sociolinguists . originally published as two volumes , this comprehensive single-volume edition contains the complete lectures , beginning with the lectures delivered at ucla , from fall 1964 through spring 1968 . sacks explores a great variety of topics , but two key issues emerge : rules of conversational sequencing , and membership categorization devices . the lectures culminate in the extensive and formal explication of turn-taking delivered in fall 1967 . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com sperber , dan and wilson , deirdre relevance : communication and cognition second edition october 1995 6 x 9 320 pages 0-631 - 19878 - 4 paperback $ 19 . 95 this second edition contains the original text , corrected and with new explanatory notes , and a postface outlining developments in relevance theory since the first edition , discussing the more serious criticisms of the theory , and envisaging possible revisions or extensions . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com scollon , ronald and scollon , suzanne wong ( city polytechnic of hong kong , hong kong ) intercultural communication 1994 6 x 9 301 pages 0-631 - 19489 - 4 paperback $ 22 . 95 0-631 - 19488 - 6 hardcover $ 49 . 95 this volume is both an introduction and practical guide to the main concepts and problems of intercultural communication . viewed from within the framework of interactive sociolinguistics associated with tannen , gumperz , and others , this volume focuses in particular on the discourse of westerners and of asians , the discourse of men and women , corporate discourse and the discourse of professional organizations , and inter-generational discourse . it makes use of research in pragmatics , discourse analysis , organizational communications , social psychology , and the ethnography of communication . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com coulmas , florian ( chuo university , tokyo ) the blackwell encyclopedia of writing systems november 1995 640 pages 0-631 - 19446 - 0 hardcover $ 74 . 95 this book draws on historical and paleographic research into fundamental structural options of representing language by means of a graphic code , on psychological investigation into the social conditions and consequences of literacy . entries vary between short explanations of terms and concepts , brief accounts of individual writing systems and longer theoretical articles . the encyclopedia contains an array of visual examples and is supported by a comprehensive bibliography . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com barton , david ( university of lancaster , uk ) literacy : an introduction to the ecology of written language 1994 6 x 9 264 pages 0-631 - 19091 - 0 paperback $ 21 . 95 0-631 - 19089 - 9 hardcover $ 49 . 95 this is the first general introduction to the new emerging field of literacy studies . it brings recent developments together in a coherent manner , by showing how new research has contributed to our understanding of literacy practices in a range of settings . the book explores the competing definitions of literacy in contemporary society , and examines the theories of language and of learning which underpin new views of literacy . the book is intended as an introduction to literacy studies for the student or general reader . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com vincent , nigel ( university of manchester ) language , linguistics and philology : papers from the philological society anniversary symposium , november 1992 december 1995 0-631 - 19068 - 6 paperback this volume brings together a selection of papers from the 1992 philological society anniversary symposium which explore the connections between linguistic thought in britain and europe in the 19th and 20th centuries and current research . the chapters cover semantics , syntax , morphology and phonology . a particular focus is the reception of european and american ideas within linguistics in britain . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com
 "",0
 1487,""Subject: journal of japanese linguistics : vol . 15
  
  content - length : 3687 i am sending the following announcement of the new issue ( vol . 15 ) of the journal of japanese linguistics on behalf of the editors . all inquiries should be addressed to the journal 's addresses ( surface , e-mail , fax ) provided below . the announcement is primarily meant for scholars residing outside japan . this document and later updates , if any , will also be available at the following www site : http : / / condor . stcloud . msus . edu : 20020 / tojpn . html - - - - - - journal of japanese linguistics volume 15 ( 1993 ) table of contents lexical and productive causatives in japanese : an examination of the theory of paradigmatic structure s . - y . kuroda , university of california , san diego nonsubject honorification : a pragmatic analysis shoko hamano , george washington university the generalized transformation analysis of relative clauses and island effects in japanese keiko murasugi , kinjo gakuin university notes on control constructions in japanese naoko nemoto , binghamton university extraction of doo and its implications hiroyuki ura , mit - - - - - - rates libraries / institutions individuals vol . 15 $ 35 . 00 $ 20 . 00 back issues available : vol . 14 $ 35 . 00 $ 20 . 00 vol . 13 $ 30 . 00 $ 18 . 00 vol . 12 $ 30 . 00 $ 18 . 00 vol . 11 $ 25 . 00 $ 16 . 00 ( only a few copies left ) * * issues prior to vol . 10 are no longer available . * * vol . 11 was published as papers in japanese linguistics all orders should be prepaid in u . s . currency . include an additional us $ 7 . 50 ( per copy ) for air mail postage outside japan . shipment by sea ( surface ) is free . send checks or money orders ( payable to the journal of japanese linguistics ) to the jjl office . all orders , inquiries , and manuscripts should be sent to : jjl nanzan university email : jjl @ ic . nanzan-u . ac . jp 18 yamazatocho , showaku fax : japan 052-832 - 5490 nagoya 466 japan editors : yasuaki abe ( nanzan u . ) yoko sugioka ( keio u . )
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 1488,""Subject: re : toc
  
  dear colleague , i would like to send you the following announcement ( the publisher has no email connection ) . """" rivista di linguistica """" , volume 6 , issue 2 , 1994 on linguistic categorization 163 stefania giannini & romano lazzeroni , foreword 167 d . a . cruse , prototype theory and lexical relations 189 dirk geeraerts , classical definability and the monosemic bias 209 stefania giannini , gender grammatical polarization in late latin and some italian dialectal areas . a cognitive view 237 georges kleiber , lexicon et cognition : y a-t - il des termes de base ? 267 romano lazzeroni , rileggendo benveniste : le relazioni di persona nel verbo 275 geoffrey s . nathan , how the phoneme inventory gets its shape cognitive grammar 's view of phonological systems 289 paolo ramat & davide ricca , prototypical adverbs : on the scalarity / radiality of the notion of adverb 327 john r . taylor , fuzzy categories in syntax : the case of possessives and compounds in english 347 anna wierzbicka , the universality of taxonomic categorization and the indispensability of the concept ' kind ' 365 margaret e . winters , who are you talking to ? or , whom should i say is calling ? language change in the adult grammar for more information : bertinet @ sns . it
 "",0
 1489,""Subject: ial east asian perspective
  
  the following special issue of issues in applied linguistics is now available : applied linguistics from an east asian perspective including the following articles , interviews and book reviews : articles writing concepts in chinese by xia wang a cross cultural study of indirectness by hiroko spees developmental sequences in learning japanese : a look at negation by ruth kanagy the multiple functions of sumimasen by kazumi kimura socializing the expression of affect : an overview of affective particle usage in the jfl classroom by amy snyder ohta english and japanese demonstratives : a contrastive study of sla by tomomi niimura and brenda hayashi the role of questioning in japanese political discourse by mariko yokota english and japanese : a cross - cultural comparison of parental styles in narrative elicitation by masahiko minami interviews issues in chinese functionalism : an interview with sandra thompson by chiung - chih huang a new perspective on women 's language in japanese : an interview with sachiko ide by satomi mishina on the """" theory of territory of information """" : an interview with akio kamio by yumiko kawanishi conditionals and the logic of desirability : an interview with noriko akatsuka by patricia mayes book reviews a korean grammar on semantic - pragmatic principles by keedong lee reviewed by sung - ock s . sohn korean by ho - min sohn reviewed by yumiko kawanishi knowledge of reflexives in a second language by margaret thomas reviewed by colleen wong english grammar for students of japanese by mutsuko endo hudson reviewed by satomi mishina discourse modality by senko maynard reviewed by eri yoshida subjectivity in grammar and discourse by shoichi iwasaki reviewed by ryoko suzuki an introduction to japanese grammar and communication strategies by senko maynard reviewed by motoko ezaki to order , print out the order form below , fill in your address and send with your check to the following address : make checks payable to issues in applied linguistics ucla department of tesl / applied linguistics 3300 rolfe hall 405 hilgard avenue los angeles , ca 90024-1531 rates : _ _ student $ 7 . 50 _ _ faculty / individual $ 15 . 00 _ _ institution $ 20 . 00 for overseas orders , please include appropriate fee for one of the following mailing methods - - - - surface $ 2 . 50 - - - air mail $ 7 . 50 amount enclosed : $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone / fax _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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 1490,""Subject: electronic informants needed !
  
  content - length : 445 this is posted on behalf of an ma student at birmingham university who is not on the list . for the purposes of his research he needs native speakers of german and italian to translate 60 short english sentences into their own language . if you are willing to volunteer , please send a message to : bastaj-p @ m4 - arts . bham . ac . uk ( tony bastow ) - and he will send you the sentences by e-mail . thanks ! sue blackwell
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 1491,""Subject: query : japanese hist / lx
  
  content - length : 1277 dear colleagues , i ' m writing on behalf of a friend who is an amateur ( but highly competent ) historical linguist . he 's looking for a list of good historical works on japanese ( including both work on the development of the language , especially its phonology , throughout the written period and work on reconstructing its prior unrecorded form ( s ) and history ) written in either english or german . can you help me compile such a list ? i ' ll post a summary in a fortnight . gratefully , - - ivan a derzhanski ( iad @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk )
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 1492,""Subject: hypnosis and teach / learning a l2 .
  
  content - length : 1161 my name is richar king ( raking @ argo . acs . oakland . edu ) . i am a grad student in linguistics . i am looking for info concerning the use of hypnosis ( age-regression ) to teach or learn a l2 . if i could be put in contact with someone who is / has doing / done research along this line i would be eternally grateful . for i would like to write my thesis concerning this . please excuse the typos . thank you , dick king
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 1493,""Subject: summary and acknowledgments : [ n + v ] verbal compounds
  
  content - length : 5298 summary and acknowledgments on [ n + v ] verbs . in march , we sent a message about [ n + v ] verbal compounds . we were working on this kind of compounds in catalan and we wished to know what happen in other languages . we also asked for references . we received some messages . we briefly sum them up in 1 . in 2 . we list the people which answer us and , although we thank them personaly , we ( re ) thank them . 1 . summary our request said something like this : """" we are two resarchers at the universitat de girona ( sp ) and we are working on a kind of catalan verbal compounding . we sumarize tha characteristics of these compounds here below . we are interested in other vo languages with the same ( or similar ) process of verb formation . [ n + v ] v verbal compounding in catalan to be more clear we enumerate the relevant characteristics of our compounds . 1 . first of all , we must say that catalan is a vo language . 2 . our compounding looks like a process of noun incorporation where the incorporated noun within the lexical item is the ineternal argument in the syntactic structure . see ( 1 ) : ( 1 ) a . el cacador trenca la cama de l ' ocell . the hunter breaks the leg of the bird b . el cacador camtrenca l ' ocell . the hunter leg + breaks the bird 3 . nevertheless , the noun-incorporation doestn ' t affect to the capacity of the verb of assigning acusative case , this is , the complex verb remains transitive . 4 . this kind of """" noun-incorporation """" is only possible when the noun incorporated is a in inalienable possession noun ( ipn ) and the new internal argument of the complex verb is the possessor . see ( 2 ) and ( 3 ) : ( 2 ) a . corferir to heat + hurt b . colltorcer to neck + twist ( 3 ) a . * cadiratrencar to chair + break * ferrotorcer to iron + twist 5 . we hypothesise that the ipn acsts as a kind of modifier in the complex verbal form and it does n't act as a verbal argument """" most of the people gave us references , they are listed below . most of the answers coincide with the belief that this kind of verbal compounds are backformations from adjectives ( in - er ) or nominal compounds . then """" to baby sit """" comes from """" baby sitter """" for example . another repeated idea is that they are n't productive in languages as english , or romance languages . nevertheless , we still claim that both questions , the productiviy and the backformation , are not so clear in catalan . bertienetto notes that maybe there is a relation between this kind of nominal incorporation and a progressive aspect ( it has been also noted in the literature about the theme ; see , for example miller g . ( 1993 ) : complex verb formation , j . benjamins . ) . j . alvarez sent to us an interesting paper on incorporation and possessor ascension in guajiro . in that language , not only inp are able to be incorported but also other kind of nouns . we have n't demonstrated our hypothesis yet but we are carry on with our research and any comment is always welcome . references alvarez , jose ( 1994 ) : """" estudios de linguistica guajira """" . gobernacion del estado de zulia , maracaibo , venezuela . gavarro , anna ( 1990 ) : syntactic theory and the grammar of catalan compounds , phdiss , university of edinburg . klingebiel , kathryn ( 1989 ) : noun + verb compounding in western romance . berkeley , university of california press . robinson , peter ( 1988 ) : """" universals of word formation processes : noun incorporation in the acquisition of samoan as a second language """" velazquez-castillo , maura ( 1993 ) : the grammar of inalienability : possession and noun incorporation in parguayan guarani . phdiss , university of california , san diego . 2 . acknowledgements jose alvarez ( universidad de zulia , jalvar @ conicit . ve ) pier marco bertinetto ( scuola normale superiore dei pisa , bertinet @ sns . it ) george aaron broadwell ( suny - albany , g . broadwell @ albany . edu ) anna gavarro ( universitat autonoma de barcelona , ilfth @ cc . uab . es ) jose ignacio hualde ( university of illinois , jihualde @ ux1 . cso . uiuc . edu ) suzanne kemmer ( university of california , san diego , kemmer @ ruf . rice . edu ) arantza martinez ( univerisitat del pais basc , fvmaeca @ sd . ehu . es ) peter robinson ( university of queensland , peterr @ lingua . cltr . uq . oz . au ) max wheeler ( univerity of sussex , maxw @ cogs . susx . ac . uk ) olga fullana ( fullana @ skywalker . udg . es ) lluisa gracia ( gracia @ skywalker . udg . es ) univerittat de girona dept . filologia i filosofia pl . ferrater mora , 1 e-17071 girona spain
 "",0
 1494,""Subject: sum : verbal humour
  
  content - length : 4144 dear linguist readers , i would like to thank - collectively but whole-heartedly - the following colleagues who replied to my query about the study of verbal humour : salvatore attardo ( sattardo @ cc . ysu . edu ) larry horn ( lhorn @ yalevm . cis . yale . edu ) dr . christian k . nelson ( cnelson @ vm . cc . purdue . edu ) erika conrad ( elk @ nauvax . ucc . nau . edu ) e . wayles browne ( ewb2 @ cornell . edu ) jen hay ( jennifer . hay @ vuw . ac . nz ) sally jacoby ( ihw1051 @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu ) eh hubbard ( hubbaeh @ alpha . unisa . ac . za ) laura christine hartley ( hartleyl @ student . msu . edu ) jeffrey weber ( jefweb @ aol . com ) theresa a . tobin ( tat @ mit . edu ) douglas olivier ( douglaso @ ucrac1 . ucr . edu ) richard henry ( henry008 @ maroon . tc . umn . edu ) monique biemans ( u249061 % hnykun11 . bitnet @ cc1 . kuleuven . ac . be ) julie christiansen ( juliech @ mpi . nl ) kirk belnap ( belnapk @ yvax . byu . edu ) keith mccormick heather marie anderson ( hmanders @ indiana . edu ) inga dolinina ( dolinina @ mcmail . cis . mcmaster . ca ) venetia moschovou ( llrmosch @ reading . ac . uk ) i have not been able to track down all the details of the references i received so far . also , some respondents sent lengthy bibliographies which i cannot include here . what follows is a selective compilation ( note that many respondents referred to the first two entries below ) : humor : international journal of humor research attardo , salvatore , ( 1994 ) , linguistic theories of humour , berlin : mouton . attardo , salvatore , """" the violation of grice 's maxims in jokes """" , bls 16 paper chiaro , delia , ( 1992 ) , the language of jokes : analysing verbal play , new york : routledge . dan van raemdonck , ( 1986 ) , """" laughstory : du traitement du principe de cooperation et des maximes de conversation dans les histoires droles """" , diss . , university of brussels . durant , j . , and miller , j . ( eds . ) 1988 . laughing matters : a serious look at humour . new york : john wiley & sons , inc . hitchcock , inga dolinina , """" jokes as disguised argumentative discourse """" , proceedings of the 3rd issa conference , amsterdam , june 1995 . hockett , c . f . 1977a . jokes . in the view from language : selected essays 1948-1974 , c . f . hockett , 257-89 . athens , ga . : university of georgia . hockett , c . f . 1977b . """" where the tongue slips , there slip i """" , in the view from language : selected essays 1948-1974 , c . f . hockett , 226 - 56 . athens , ga . : university of georgia . lilli pretorius , ( 1990 ) , """" humour as defeated discourse expectations : conversational exchange in a monty python text """" , humor , 3 ( 3 ) . long , debra l . , and arthur c . graesser . 1988 . wit and humor in discourse processing . discourse processes 11 : 35-60 . lynne hunter ( 1983 ) , """" a gricean look at wit """" , cls 19 mulkay , michael , """" on humor . """" nilsen , don lee fred , ( 1993 ) , humor scholarship : a research bibliography , westport , conn . : greenwood press . norrick , neal r . 1993 . conversational joking : humor in everyday talk . bloomington , ind . : indiana university press . pepicello , w . j . 1987 . pragmatics of humorous language . int ' l j . soc . lang . 65 : 27-35 . raskin , victor . 1985 . semantic mechanisms of humor , dordrecht , holland : d . reidel . raskin , victor . 1987 . linguistic heuristics of humor : a script-based semantic approach . int ' l j . soc . lang . 65 : 11-25 . ruch , willibald , salvatore attardo , & victor raskin . 1993 . toward an empirical verification of the general theory of verbal humor , humor , 6 ( 2 ) : 123-36 . schultz , thomas r . , & maureen b . scott . 1974 . the creation of verbal humour . canadian journal of psychology 28 ( 4 ) : 421-25 . sherzer , joel . 1978 . """" oh ! that 's a pun and i did n't mean it """" , semiotica 22 ( 3 / 4 ) : 335-50 . sherzer , joel . 1985 . puns and jokes , in handbook of discourse analysis , vol . 3 : discourse and dialogue , ed . teun a . van dijk , 213-21 . london : academic press . tiersma , peter meijes , language - based humor in the marx brothers films , indiana university linguistics club . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dr . alex housen germanic languages dept . university of brussels ( vub ) pleinlaan 2 , 1050 brussels , belgium tel : + 32 - 2-6292664 ; fax : + 32 - 2-6292480 ; e - mail : ahousen @ vnet3 . vub . ac . be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
 "",0
 1495,""Subject: sum : syntax texts
  
  content - length : 3080 a little over a week ago , i posted a query to linguist asking for suggestions for a textbook for an undergraduate course in syntax . i would like to thank the following people for their kind replies : robert beard , philip carpenter , kevin b cohen , brian lindsey , alan munn , helene ossipov , john phillips , and robin sackmann . i also received replies from several people asking about my reluctance to deal with cambridge university press , and several others asking why i have decided not to use napoli 's * syntax * again . i have replied to both of these groups privately . the query about syntax texts was worded in such a way as to eliminate napoli and radford from consideration . with that limitation imposed , haegemann 's * introduction to government and binding theory * was recommended by three people . none of the other books was mentioned more than once . however , some of these single mentions were most useful for me because they brought to my attention works that i had not heard of before or ones that i might not have considered otherwise . the complete list is given below . my thanks again to all who responded . steve seegmiller linguistics department montlciar state university ( seegmiller @ apollo . montclair . edu ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - charles bird and timothy shopen , article on maninka in timothy shopen ( ed . ) languages and their speakers ( or . . . status ) . university of pennsylvania press . keith brown & jim miller , syntax - a linguistic introduction to sentence structure . harper collins academic , 2nd ed . 1991 . vivian cook , chomsky 's universal grammar , 2nd ed . blackwell 's 1996 . elizabeth cowper , concise intro to syntactic theory . liliane haegemann , an introduction to government and binding theory , 2nd ed . blackwell 's lieb , hans - heinrich : integrational linguistics . in : jacobs , j . , et . al ( eds . ) : syntax . an international handbook of contemporary research . berlin ; new york : de gruyter , 1993 . lieb , hans - heinrich : integrational linguistics . in : lieb , hans - heinrich ( ed . ) : prospects for a new structuralism . ( = current issues in linguistic theory [ cilt ] , 96 ) . amsterdam ; philadelphia : benjamins , 1992 . ronald wardhaugh , understanding english grammar : a linguistic aproach . blackwell 1995 . gert webelhuth ( ed . ) , government binding theory and the minimalist program .
 "",0
 1496,""Subject: icl 1995 , seoul : 3rd and final announcement , and program
  
  1995 international conference on linguistics marking the 20 anniversary of the foundation of the linguistic society of korea july 3 - 7 , 1995 paiknam music hall , hanyang university seoul , korea organized by the linguistic society of korea invited speakers jeanette k . gundel ( usa , university of minnesota ) roland r . hausser ( germany , universit = 84t n = 81rnberg - erlangen ) paul kiparsky ( usa , stanford university ) ivan sag ( usa , stanford university ) joseph p . stemberger ( usa , university of minnesota ) dong - whee yang ( korea ) program schedule monday , july 3 , 1995 09 : 00 - registration 10 : 00 - opening ceremony 10 : 50 - break 11 : 00 - session 1 : kiparsky 1 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 2 : hausser 1 14 : 40 - break 14 : 50 - session 3 : sag 1 16 : 10 - break 16 : 20 - session 4 : yang 1 tuesday , july 4 , 1995 09 : 30 - session 5 : sag 2 10 : 50 - break 11 : 00 - session 6 : yang 2 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 7 : stemberger 1 14 : 40 - break 14 : 50 - session 8 : kiparsky 2 16 : 10 - break 16 : 20 - session 9 : gundel 1 wednesday , july 5 , 1995 09 : 30 - session 10 : hausser 2 10 : 50 - break 11 : 00 - session 11 : gundel 2 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 12 : stemberger 2 14 : 40 - break 14 : 50 - paper presentation 1 16 : 10 - break 16 : 20 - paper presentation 2 thursday , july 6 , 1995 09 : 30 - session 13 : yang 3 10 : 50 - break 11 : 00 - session 14 : hausser 3 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 15 : kiparsky 3 14 : 40 - break 14 : 50 - panel discussion on korean linguistics 16 : 10 - break 16 : 20 - panel discussion on korean linguistics ( continued ) friday , july 7 , 1995 09 : 30 - session 16 : gundel 3 10 : 50 - break 11 : 00 - session 17 : stemberger 3 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 18 : sag 3 14 : 40 - break 14 : 50 - paper presentation 3 16 : 10 - break 16 : 20 - paper presentation 4 18 : 00 - reception lecture titles jeanette k . gundel 1 . cognitive status and linguistic form . i . reference and the givenness hierarchy 2 . cognitive status and linguistic form . ii . a cross - linguistic study of referring expressions 3 . cognitive status and linguistic form . iii . syntax and topic - comment structure roland r . hausser database semantics for the interpretation of natural language 1 . slim theory of language : building a robot that can communicate in natural language 2 . theoretical foundations : comparing different types of semantics , their syntax and their complexity 3 . computational implementation : semantic and pragmatic interpretation of natural language in an extended database paul kiparsky 1 . variation and optimality theory : quantitative effects of categorial constraints 2 . markedness and linguistic hierarchies 3 . exploring typological space : harmony systems ivan sag 1 . head - driven phrase structure grammar : a tutorial overview of current theory 2 . issues in french and universal grammar 3 . extraction without transformations or traces joseph p . stemberger optimality theory and phonological development 1 . basic issues of optimality theory 2 . syllables and feet in phonological development 3 . segmental development dong - whee yang 1 . recent developments in the minimalist program : the attract - f theory 2 . motivations and prospects of the attract - f theory 3 . the korean case structure in the attract - f theory panel discussion on korean linguistics subject linguistics in north korea : its background and current trend paper presentation : kwang chung ( korea univ . ) ha - soo kim ( yonsei univ . ) min - su kim ( korea univ . ) hyon - sook shin ( sang myung women 's univ . ) jae - kee shim ( seoul national univ . ) registration anyone who wants to participate in the conference is suggested to send a registration form containing one 's name in full , affiliation , address , phone number ( office / home ) , one ' s status ( regular member , student , or non-member ) . if the reader has korean name , namely in """" hangeul """" , he or she is required to include his or her korean name . on - site registration is also possible . = 20 tae - ok kim president , professor of english and linguistics the linguistic society of korea dept . of english , sogang university young - seok kim secretary general , professor of english and linguistics the linguistic society of korea dept . of english , sogang university the linguistic society of korea phone : + 82 2 706 5526 c / o department of english fax : + 82 2 705 8291 sogang university email : ktaeok @ ccs . sogang . ac . kr seoul , 121-742 , south korea
 "",0
 1497,""Subject: feminine he
  
  feminine he ouch ! no doubt about it , pronouns and gender are touchy topics . robert millar ( in metaphorically slapping me around a little in the ad hominem mode ) makes some good points but mistakes my focus a bit , misspeaks my findings somewhat , and misstates the fuller design of my position a lot . his linguistic list vol-6 - 835 ( 22 jun 1995 ) responds to my vol-6 - 806 ( 12 jun 1995 ) . i don ' t mean to say that , as robert millar attributes , """" 's he ' entered english as a whole suddenly at the advent of printing """" - - puhleeeze . i do mean to say that the h - stem feminine suddenly , after printing begins , disappears forever from the written record . my broader conclusion is that the h - stem feminine was alive for centuries beyond the oed 's orthodox-view account of its purported demise . i don ' t discount the sh - forms during the periods when and in the regions where they are amply attested . far be it . i do , however , maintain that the """" significant """" cause , in the overview , for the disappearance of the h - stem feminine was , not that it began to resemble phonetically the masculine , but rather the standardizing force of printing ( the motive for this is a separate question ) . and , too , there is the telling evidence that spoken pronoun use is often quite different from written . and i am suggesting that some of the oe h - stems survived in speech beyond printing 's seeming signal of their demise . the late survival of the h - stem feminine has the implication for socio / political linguistics that 18th century grammarians , regarded during these past decades as androcentric ( for having written down the """" he rule """" ) must be admitted to not have been so - - """" he """" is the principal thrust of the androcentric argument , right ? i am tempted to apologize for my insensitivity to other people 's faculty for correctness . in this case , it resulted in robert millar suffering mood swings - - feelings he shared with us - - his sorrow , his anger , regarding my position . my intention was not to academically abuse or linguistically victimize anybody . but despite his mood swings , we may all nonetheless benefit from his hot flashes of insight appropriate to his rejoinder to my native morphology of singular """" they """" hypothesis . but i will not continue the """" they """" discussion here , however , so 's not to detract from the late survival of the h - stem feminine presently under discussion , and indeed much more the hot topic . robert millar says that he suspects that i only have a slight understanding of dialect diversity , and that my discussing material from _ piers plowman _ and _ ayenbite of inwyt _ is a way to """" circumvent . . . lalme , mcintosh and samuels . """" first i would suggest that he provide fuller citations , this for the benefit of those on the list who concentrate in other areas of linguistics than this subject ; and second i would like to make available to him and anybody else some of my charts resulting from my indexing and sorting all the citations for all the forms for all the third person pronouns in the oed . m . l . samuals , """" dialects and grammar , """" in _ a companion to piers plowman _ ( ed . , john a . alfred , 1988 ) , specifically identifies by dialect nine of the seventeen manuscripts of the a - version of _ piers plowman _ . these are the ones that had already been identified in kane - donaldson , 1960 ( _ piers plowman , the a - version _ , george kane ) , after generations of effort . the book is a momentous compendium that in my thinking was conceived with the intention of making work such as mine possible . i use the seventeen manuscripts of the a - version of _ piers _ as the mainstay of my argument . samuals is unable to identify the dialects in nearly half the manuscripts of piers . i specifically focus on _ piers _ because it is a manageable corpus that anyone can go and check for themselves . _ piers _ is a great source for studying diverse forms because the forms are all variations on the same text . where can one find such a wealth of data for comparative analysis ? and piers can also be considered the first highly """" popular """" work in medieval english , and for this reason , the scribes , in copying the work for their intended audiences , would tend to avoid esoteric , literary , and archaic forms . the """" cult of auctoritas """" is the conservative emulation of older forms by the copying scribe . robert millar alludes to this to explain the h - stem feminines found in manuscripts of _ piers _ . i have met with this criticism before . i will make available to anyone who wants them particular lines as found in all seventeen manuscripts , and rather than the conservation of forms , the contrary of the auctoritas principle seems to be found in _ piers _ , whereby the scribes , in copying from the original , tended to modify it to regional conventions . i am not saying that auctoritas was not in many instances of medieval scribal practice the rule . i ' m saying that looking at lines of _ piers _ , through the seventeen manuscripts , sees in them a tremendous diversity . and even so , the use of the h - stems in all the manuscripts - - assuming for the sake of argument they were not in colloquial use - - indicates that they were well known , nonetheless , does n't it ? robert millar reads between my lines that i consider the anglo - normans as """" wicked . """" not so . chronocentrism in the reading of history is as inimical to reason and human understanding as is ethnocentrism in the reading of culture . he holds to the orthodox view and says that """" the rising london standard spread much more rapidly than it ever would have done in an age of purely manuscript culture . """" but would n't the london """" standard """" better be called the status dialect . it is mistaken to assume that writing , before and after printing , reflected how people generally used language day-to - day . most people talk like _ i love lucy _ and _ the honeymooners _ , not like _ the new york times _ . today , for example , the indefinite / proverbial """" he """" is primarily a written status form ; the singular """" they """" a spoken form . i think it is very safe to assume that then , just as now , there is a common english and a status english within a particular regional dialect . it is on the basis of this assumption , coupled with evidence for the widespread knowledge of the h - stem feminine in the generations before printing , that i am postulating the late survival of the h - stem feminine . anybody who would like to have my charts showing the """" persistence """" of all the feminine and masculine h - stem forms from the 11th century on , comparative exhibits of lines through the seventeen manuscripts of _ piers _ , pronoun paradigms from the same manuscripts , and perhaps a few other items - - they are available for a dollar copy charge and two stamps for usa . jeffrey weber , 2843 n . spaulding ave . , chicago , illinois , 60618 , usa . this current transmission is more an aside than the summary that will be forthcoming . i have received an excellent critique from wittysan ( sean ) , which he sent also to robert millar , and would be happy for the asking to share it and my response as this inquiry continues .
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 1498,""Subject: bangani
  
  i am looking for any information and / or bibliographical references on an indian language called bangani . this language apparently has preserved some remarkable archaisms , and would appear from the available data in fact not to be an indo - aryan language . the only information i know of on the language appears in two articles by claus peter zoller in mss 49 and 50 , 1988 and 1989 . daniel baum the hebrew university of jerusalem jerusalem israel dmbaum @ shani . net
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 1499,""Subject: obligatory clitic doubling
  
  hello , does anybody happen to know of languages ( other than albanian and macedonian ) which display obligatory clitic doubling of ( either accusative or dative ) dps ? any reference will be appreciated . please , write to me directly at : dalina . kallulli @ avh . unit . no thank you ! dalina kallulli
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 1500,""Subject: date formats
  
  hello , this is a query about the different ways in which dates can be expressed in different languages , and whether there are constraints that apply in relation to register ( eg formal , informal , etc ) , genre ( magazine , newspaper , personal vs business letter , etc ) , historical , instrumental ( format of calendars ) , nationality , etc . my initial impressions are the following . as far the english speaking world goes , in britain there is a variety of ways in which dates can be expressed in writing , including day month year ; day-ordinal month year ; month day , year ; month day-ordinal , year . interestingly , this variety is not found in numerical form , in which ` day / month / year ' is expected . note that the separators vary , the most common being the slash ( / ) , others being the dash ( - ) , the period ( . ) and the blank space ( ) . in the other formats in which words are used , only the ` month ' slot can be spelled out , with days and years being expressed in numbers . variations include the use of ` the ' preceding ordinal day numbers . sometimes one can find different formats being used in different parts of the same publication , eg the header and the report in a newspaper . this seems to be in contrast with the usa where ` month day , year ' seems to predominate whatever the situation , even when expressed numerically as in 1 / 7 / 95 which is normally read by americans as the seventh day of the month of january , whereas the british would take it to mean the first day of the month of july , which is a 6 - month difference . apparently , the americans are the only ones to adopt month / day / year . someone once told me this is an old format which came into being as a result of the fact that , in looking for today 's date , one would look in a calendar first of all for the current month , with the year being taken for granted . any ideas ? what 's the norm in other languages / dialects , etc ? thanks in advance , tony - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tony berber sardinha | tony1 @ liverpool . ac . uk aelsu | fax 44-51 - 794-2739 university of liverpool | po box 147 | http : / / www . liv . ac . uk / liverpool l69 3bx | ~ tony1 / homepage . html uk | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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 1501,""Subject: summary : negated questions and exclamations
  
  about two weeks ago , i posted a query on two subjects : i was looking for languages ( 1 ) which can or , on the contrary , cannot use negated interrogatives like """" look , over there - is n't that john ? """" in order to express a positive expectation , and ( 2 ) which have negated wh-exclamations like german : """" was du nicht alles weisst ! """" ( lit . : ' what you do n't know all ! ' ) or serbocroatian """" sta nije sve doziveo ! """" ( lit . : ' what he did n't all live through ! ' ) , that refer to the positive , not the negative fact . first of all , i wish to thank the following colleagues for their contributions : suzanne albrecht ( sanabria @ zedat . fu-berlin . de ) gisle andersen ( henga @ alf . uib . no ) birgitta englund dimitrova ( birgitta . englund @ tolk . su . se ) frederik fouvry ( fouvry @ llsun4 . essex . ac . uk ) keith goeringer ( keg @ violet . berkeley . edu ) michael israel ( israel @ ling . ucsd . edu ) dalina kallulli ( dalina . kallulli @ avh . unit . no ) jussi karlgren ( jussi @ sics . se ) e . h . klein - v . d . laaken ( klein @ let . rug . nl ) james kirchner ( jpkirchner @ aol . com ) randy lapolla ( hslapolla @ ccvax . sinica . edu . tw ) pierre larrivee ( aaa552 @ agora . ulaval . ca ) bert peeters ( bert . peeters @ modlang . utas . edu . au ) francisco raga ( raga @ vents . uji . es ) alexandr rosen ( alexandr . rosen @ ff . cuni . cz ) cristina sanz ( sanzc @ gusun . acc . georgetown . edu ) karen stanley ( karen _ stanley @ cpcc . cc . nc . us ) jan vorster ( vorsterj @ mtb . und . ac . za ) ton van der wouden ( vdwouden @ let . rug . nl ) deborah yeager ( kyeager @ prism . nmt . edu ) ning zhang ( zning @ epas . utoronto . ca ) the languages i received information about were : afrikaans , albanian , catalan , chinese , czech , english , dutch , norwegean , spanish , swedish , yucatec maya . no additional languages have been named where the use of negated questions like """" look , over there - is n't that john ? """" was not possible ; so apache and navajo are still the only examples i have found so far . . as to the negated wh-exclamations , what is most interesting is that they do exist in languages where the native speakers i had asked so far had been convinced that they do not . examples for this are english and spanish , cf . : what i did n't do to get that report finished on time ! ( karen stanley ) cuanto no tendre que sufrir hasta conseguirlo ! ( cristina sanz ) this type of construction can obviously be found in much more languages than i had assumed . in some of them , it seems to be old fashened and not very wide spread , but it still exists as such . ( if anybody now comes to think of one more language that allows that type of utterance - i am still collecting , and i ' m grateful for any help i can get ! ) as to the question of why and how these negated questions and wh-exclamations work : i am dealing with it in paper of mine ( to be published ) , and i ' ll be glad to mail it to anybody who is interested , but i ' m afraid it 's in german . thanks once again to all who helped , and please feel free to contact me if you have any questions . elke hentschel
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 1502,""Subject: book reviewers wanted .
  
  natural language engineering is a new cambridge university press journal which seems destined to become the leading journal in the field of practical applications of natural language processing . the journal requires additional book reviewers , to write short ( approximately 2 000 word ) reviews of books on a wide range of topics related to natural language engineering . reviewers get to keep the book they have reviewed . if you are interested , please mail a short statement of why you think you are a suitable person to undertake this task to john . tait @ sunderland . ac . uk . please include your email address and steam mail address ( so we can send you the books ) . we are especially interested to hear from graduate students ( as well as more established figures in the field ) . we will reply to confirm whether or not you have been added to our panel of reviewers . the panel is circulated periodically with lists books we have been sent for review . alternatively panel members may propose books they wish to review , which we will attempt to obtain from publishers . i look forward to hearing from you . more information about the journal may be fould on the web at url : http : / / www . cup . cam . ac . uk / journals / jnlscat95 / nle . html dr . john i . tait university of sunderland school of computing and information systems priestman building green terrace sunderland sr1 3sd u . k . tel : + 44-191 - 515 2712 fax : + 44-191 - 515-2781 email : john . tait @ sunderland . ac . uk
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 1503,""Subject: pragmatic checking and anaphor resolution
  
  in an article by marslen - wilson , levy , and tyler ( 1982 ) """" producing interpretable discourse : the establishment and maintenance of reference """" they discuss the role of inference or """" pragmatic checking """" in the process of anaphor resolution . briefly , anaphoric resolution results from checking the information predicated of the anaphor with the local or preceding discourse and thereby inferring the intended referent . could anyone steer me in the direction of other research which pursues a similar line of argument ? thank you very much . - richard cameron
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 1504,""Subject: typos in fromkin and rodman textbook
  
  this is a query to find out if anyone has a list of the typos that are in an early printing of the fifth edition to the fromkin and rodman textbook """" an introduction to language """" . i am using the text in an introductory class . while my copy of the book is fine , many of the students bought used versions that have a number of typos in the data sets . so , i was hoping that someone had a list of those typos ( or knew where i could get one ) , so that i can tell the students who have those defective copies . please send any answers to the following address : robinq @ ccwf . cc . utexas . edu thanks robin queen
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 1505,""Subject: e-mail address
  
  i am looking for ian maddieson 's e-mail address . two of the lists i check do n't list it ; when i send mail to the one address i did find ( idu0ion @ csma . berkeley . edu ) , it gets bounced back .
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 1506,""Subject: nonreferential np 's in english
  
  in a number of lgs ( roviana and yup ' ik eskimo being the two in which i have encountered this ) , nonreferential np 's are phonologically and / or morphologically / syntactically incorporated into the vrb / verb phrase / verb group . are there any similar structural clues which could be used to identify nonreferential np 's in english ? my interest is in identifying nonreferential np 's in written english so that a computer natural lg processing system would know not to set up referents for them to serve as antecedents for subsequent anaphora resolution . compounds ( e . g . duck-shooting season ) can i suppose be treated superficially as single words , but what about things like ' lose faith in ' , ' catch sight of ' . of course , some criteria will involve larger discourse issues , but it may be that it is possible to identify at least some nonreferential np 's """" cheaply """" , i . e . just by looking within a clause and / or considering inherent lexical semantics . i will summarize and post any replies to this list . regards , simon corston .
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 1507,""Subject: burmese
  
  burmese pronunciation could somebody inform me what the burmese pronunciation of the name myanmar is ? helge sandoy , university of bergen e-mail : helge . sandoy @ nor . uib . no
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 1508,""Subject: biographies of linguists
  
  dear colleagues ! i compile a biographical database about linguists . unfortunately i do n't know birth data , full names and countries of he following persons dealing with lexicography and semantics : ( webster ( * robert agricola e . ) [ erhard ] ( germany ) bach e . ) [ emmon ] ( usa ) bellert i . ) [ irena ] ( poland - canada ) be = 08 = b1nak h . ) [ henri ] ( france ? ) bendix e . ) broz = 08 = 96 l . ) ( czechia ? ) wehrle ? ) ( germany ) vint = 08 = d0eler o . ) [ onufrie ] ( rumania ) jones k . s . ) [ k . spark ] ( uk ) dubois j . ) [ jean ] ( france ) zawadowski leon ) ) poland ) josselson h . ) [ harry h . ] ( usa ? ) casalis d . ) casalis j . ) katz j . j . ) [ jerrold j . ] ( usa ) kay m . ) ( uk ) klimonov d . ) ( germany ) cliff n . ) coyaud m . ) [ maurice ] kuchar = 08 = 96 j . ) ( czechia ? ) lagane r . ) ( france ) lounsbury f . g . ) [ floyd g . ] ( usa ) levy n . ) lindekens r . ) leech g . n . ) [ geoffrey n . ] ( uk ) loriche r . ) makris j . ) [ james ] mantchev k . ) masterman m . ) ( uk ) matthiot m . ) [ madeleine ] niobey g . ) parker - rhodes a . f . ) [ arthur frederick ] peltzer k . ) rey - debove j . ) [ josette ] ( france ) reum a . ) [ albrecht ] ross b . ) rudskoger a . ) staal t . f . ) wilks y . ) [ yorick ] ( uk ) = 46lavell j . h . ) [ john h . ] = 46lavell eleanor r . ) = 46oote i . p . ) heller l . g . ) hiz = 08 = 9a h . ) [ henry ] schenkel w . ) ( gemany ) o ~ im h . ) [ haldur ] ( estonia ) edmundson h . p . ) o = 08 = ffhmann s . ) epstein m . n . ) blinkenberg a . ) [ andreas peter damsgaard ] ( 1893 - ? ) morris ch . w . ) [ charles william ] ( b . 1901 - ? ) stern g . ) [ gustav ] ( 1882 - ? ) = 46ilipec j . ) [ josef ] ( = fd . 1915 - ? ) is it possible to learn some more information about these persons ? who can help me ? ursula doleschal&sergej krylov ( ursula . doleschal @ wu-wien . ac . at ) institut f . slawische sprachen , wirtschaftsuniv . wien augasse 9 , 1090 wien , austria tel . : + + 43 - 1-31336 4115 , fax : + + 43 - 1-31336 744
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 1509,""Subject: icl 1995 : program
  
  dear colleagues , 3rd and final announcement and program - - - - - - - - - - - please post ! = 1995 international conference on linguistics marking the 20 anniversary of the foundation of the linguistic society of korea july 3 - 7 , 1995 paiknam music hall , hanyang university seoul , korea organized by the linguistic society of korea invited speakers : jeanette k . gundel ( usa , university of minnesota ) roland r . hausser ( germany , universit = 84t n = 81rnberg - erlangen ) paul kiparsky ( usa , stanford university ) ivan sag ( usa , stanford university ) joseph p . stemberger ( usa , university of minnesota ) dong - whee yang ( korea ) schedule monday , july 3 , 1995 09 : 00 - registration 10 : 00 - opening ceremony 11 : 00 - session 1 : kiparsky 1 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 2 : hausser 1 14 : 50 - session 3 : sag 1 16 : 20 - session 4 : yang 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tuesday , july 4 , 1995 09 : 30 - session 5 : sag 2 11 : 00 - session 6 : yang 2 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 7 : stemberger 1 14 : 50 - session 8 : kiparsky 2 16 : 20 - session 9 : gundel 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - wednesday , july 5 , 1995 09 : 30 - session 10 : hausser 2 11 : 00 - session 11 : gundel 2 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 12 : stemberger 2 14 : 50 - paper presentation 1 16 : 20 - paper presentation 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - thursday , july 6 , 1995 09 : 30 - session 13 : yang 3 11 : 00 - session 14 : hausser 3 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 15 : kiparsky 3 14 : 50 - panel discussion on korean linguistics 16 : 20 - panel discussion on korean linguistics ( continued ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - friday , july 7 , 1995 09 : 30 - session 16 : gundel 3 11 : 00 - session 17 : stemberger 3 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 18 : sag 3 14 : 50 - paper presentation 3 16 : 20 - paper presentation 4 18 : 00 - reception lecture titles jeanette k . gundel 1 . cognitive status and linguistic form . i . reference and the givenness hierarchy 2 . cognitive status and linguistic form . ii . a cross - linguistic study of referring expressions 3 . cognitive status and linguistic form . iii . syntax and topic - comment structure roland r . hausser database semantics for the interpretation of natural language 1 . slim theory of language : building a robot that can communicate in natural language 2 . theoretical foundations : comparing different types of semantics , their syntax and their complexity 3 . computational implementation : semantic and pragmatic interpretation of natural language in an extended database paul kiparsky 1 . variation and optimality theory : quantitative effects of categorial constraints 2 . markedness and linguistic hierarchies 3 . exploring typological space : harmony systems ivan sag 1 . head - driven phrase structure grammar : a tutorial overview of current theory 2 . issues in french and universal grammar 3 . extraction without transformations or traces joseph p . stemberger optimality theory and phonological development 1 . basic issues of optimality theory 2 . syllables and feet in phonological development 3 . segmental development dong - whee yang 1 . recent developments in the minimalist program : the attract - f theory 2 . motivations and prospects of the attract - f theory 3 . the korean case structure in the attract - f theory panel discussion on korean linguistics paper presentation : kwang chung ( korea univ . ) ha - soo kim ( yonsei univ . ) min - su kim ( korea univ . ) hyon - sook shin ( sang myung women 's univ . ) jae - kee shim ( seoul national univ . ) tae - ok kim president professor of english and linguistics the linguistic society of korea dept . of english , sogang university young - seok kim secretary general professor of english and linguistics the linguistic society of korea dept . of english , sogang university the linguistic society of korea phone : + 82 2 706 5526 c / o department of english fax : + 82 2 705 8291 sogang university email : ktaeok @ ccs . sogang . ac . kr seoul , 121-742 , south korea
 "",0
 1510,""Subject: update , ausschreibung professur allgemeine sprachwissenschaft
  
  hinweise zur bewerbung auf eine c4 - professur fuer allgemeine sprachwissenschaft an der universitaet heidelberg : die ausschreibung ist erschienen in """" ausschreibungsdienst des deutschen hochschulverbandes """" , ausgabe 3 - i vom 12 . januar 1995 , rheinallee 18 , d-53173 bonn , telefon + 49 228 36 40 02 , fax + 49 228 35 34 03 . einsendeschluss fuer bewerbungen ist der 22 . februar 1995 . hier ein paar hinweise zur bewerbung auf eine c - 4 professur in deutschland : die bewerbung muss enthalten - ein anschreiben an den dekan der neuphilologischen fakultdt der universitaet heidelberg , hauptstrasse 120 , d-69117 heidelberg , dass man sich um die stelle bewirbt , - ein tabellarischer lebenslauf , enthaltend schulische und universitaere ausbildung , berufliche laufbahn , sprachkenntnisse , evtl . auszeichnungen und wichtige private verhaeltnisse wir heirat , kinder , - eine liste der veroeffentlichungen , - eine liste der gehaltenen lehrveranstaltungen . man kann beliebiges hinzufuegen , wenn es fuer eine gute praesentation geeignet erscheint . auch die aeussere form ist nicht direkt geregelt . offprints der schriften braucht man noch nicht einzusenden . man wird dazu eingeladen , wenn man in die engere auswahl kommt . noch ein hinweis zu qualifikation : in deutschland ist fuer diese stelle die habilitation eine voraussetzung ( d . i . ein spezieller akademischer grad zusaetzlich zur promotion ) . von auslaendern werden gleichwertige qualifikationen erwartet , d . h . in der regel , dass man schon professor sein muss , wenn man sich um diese stelle bewirbt .
 "",0
 1511,""Subject: summary of responses to query on tok masta ( ft of new guinea )
  
  almost two months ago i posted the following query to the list : > i am posting this for a fellow student who is not on the list . > she seeks references of sources of the so-called """" tok masta """" , the foreigner > talk of europeans on new guinea ( probably , i guess , involved in the genesis > of , but still to be kept apart from , tok pisin ) . > > she would be especially interested in where to get actual examples of tok > masta . so far her main source - not containing examples - is an article by > peter muelhaeusler ( 1981 ) """" foreigner talk : tok masta in new guinea """" in > ' international journal of sociology of language - 28 """" , pp . 93-113 . we did get some responses to the query , but eventually my friend had to postpone the project to a not-too - near future . it seems then , that there won't be any further information to add to what we have got here , but i guess what we have here might be of interest to others : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - august cluver < cluve @ alpha . unisa . ac . za > writes : > our departmental database on the sociology of language ( 750 > pages ) shows up only the article by muehlhaesler that you > have if we search under """" tok masta """" . he has published > widely on tok pisin and probably refers to this variety in his > other publications . > > the phenomenon that your friend is analysing occurs also in > kiswahili ( if i remember correctly ) and the following source > may provide some comparative material : > * > vitale , a . j . 1980 """" kisetla : linguistic and sociolinguistic > aspects of a pidgin swahili of kenya . """" in : anthropological > linguistics 22 , 2 : 47-65 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > from david ganelin < ganelin @ netcom . com > we got : > ronald wardhaugh has a few references to tok pisin and tok masta in his > _ an introduction to sociolinguistics _ ( second edition ) , blackwell , > oxford , england and cambridge , massachusetts ( 1992 ) . also , he refers to > an article by e . wolfers ( """" a report on neo - melanesian """" ) in d . h . hymes > ( ed . ) _ pidginization and creolization of languages _ , cambridge university > press ( 1971 ) . hope this helps . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - b . robert helm < bhelm @ cs . uoregon . edu > writes : > there was some discussion of tok masta in : > > s . a . wurm , p . muehlhaeusler . _ handbook of tok pisin ( new guinea > pidgin ) _ . canberra , a . c . t . , australia : dept . of linguistics , > research school of pacific studies , australian national university , > 1985 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - jan tent < tent _ j @ usp . ac . fj > suggested that : > you might get some help from prof . john lynch who used to be the > professor of linguistics at upng . he 's not on the linguist list , so send > him your original e-mail to this address : > > lynch @ vanuatu @ usp . ac . fj > > tell him i gave you his e-mail address . > > you might also try jeff siegel at : > > jsiegel @ gara . une . oz . au > > hope these guys will be able to help you , if not they certainly will be > able to put you onto someone who will . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - elisabeth gordon < e . gordon @ csc . canterbury . ac . nz > : > i have a small booklet on pidgin english produced during the last war . on > the front page it says : ' this language is used in conversation with natives , > asiatics , and german white misionaries . ' i ' m not sure if it is what you > want , but if you would like i could photocopy it and send it to you . it was > written to help soldiers during the war . the booklet itself is now very > fragile . i use it in my sociolinguistics classes here to show early > attitudes both to the language and those who spoke it . > e . g . some general advice - ' do n't interfere with village pigs . this would be > nearly as bad as interfering with the women . ' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - < karlcc _ franklin @ sil . org > : > muelhaeusler , whom your student refers to , and wurm have edited a """" handbook > of tok pisin ( new guinea pidgin ) published by pacific linguistics , c-70 , 1985 . > muelhaeusler claims ( p . 236 ) that tok masa is """" a fourth variety [ of tp , after > bush , rural and urban ] used by many expatriates . . . """" and that it """" is the name > given by papua new guineans to the domestic jargon used by the majority of > expatriates in dealing with their indigenous employees or servants """" ( 241 ) . > elsewhere ( 286 ) he claims that tok masta """" seems to be of quite recent origin """" > and was tied to the self-awareness preceding independence . > > i worked in png with sil from 1958 until 1990 and have studied and > worked on pidgin . i think that the term tok masta contrasts with tok boi , the > former referring to the whites and the latter to the pngs , but both used in a > derogatory or condesending sense . baorchardt ( 1926 ) refers to tok - boi as """" a > kanaka language """" but it was traditionally male , hence the term """" boi """" , just as > tok masta was mainly """" male """" , in that expatariate females are """" misis """" . > > muelhaeusler 's four sociolects of tp do not show up in the folk > classification of the pidgin speakers . for example there is no equivalent of > """" rural pidgin """" in tp , whereas one can speak of urban pidgin as """" su sok """" pidgin > or even """" taun pidgin """" . the generic term """" tok pidgin """" can refer to almost any > variety . mead ( in asia 31 , 1931 ) also discusses """" tok boi """" , which i see somewhat > the opposite of """" tok masta """" . > > m discusses mixed varieties of tp , which tm certainly was ( or is ) , bau t > this includes mixing tp with the vernacular , as is commonly done now . this is > called """" hap toktok """" . > > m says that tm was for a long time called """" tok vaitman """" by pngs ( 467 , he > says until the mid 1920 - s ) but the spelling suggests tok siaman ( german > influence ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - paul gracie < keo @ pixi . com > ( keo sananikone ) sent : > i did a literature review on foreigner talk two years ago > ( for a chapter in my dissertation on ft in malaysia ) and my impression is > that the muelhaeusler article you mention is a ' one of a kind ' . there may > be resources at anu which could be used for further work on a historical > register of ft in png , but if it is like historical pidgin english sources > here in hawai ' i , your friend would have to go to canberra and spend time > digging for it . i was very interested in the tok masta article too but > almost all work with ft in linguistics defines the foreigner role as > immigrant student ( in the u . s . , canada , and australia ) or immigrant worker > ' auslandischer arbeiter ' ( ? ) ( in northern europe ) . > > if your friend is determined to pursue tok masta , she > might consider writing to suzanne romaine ( merton college , university of > oxford , oxford ox1 4jd , england ) or peter m . ( anu ? ) directly . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - thanks again to everybody who responded , i hope this can be of some use to other people interested in that matter jakob ladefoged ( till app . 25 / 7 : < b940119 . @ alf . let . uva . nl > ) university of amsterdam the netherlands
 "",0
 1512,""Subject: hansa workshop at 12ichl
  
  here are details supplied by ernst hakon jahr for one of the workshops to be held on friday 18th august 1995 . david denison twelfth international conference on historical linguistics , hulme hall , manchester , 13-18 august 1995 . please note new dialling codes and revised phone numbers at the university of manchester up to the time of the conference : + 44 ( 0 ) 161-275 3194 or 3042 ( phone ) + 44 ( 0 ) 161-275 3187 ( fax only ) conference e-mail address : ichl1995 @ man . ac . uk workshop the influence of the hansa and low german on european languages organizers : ernst hakon jahr ( tromso ) and laura wright ( hertfordshire ) scheduled papers : james milroy ( newcastle ) : internal vs external motivations for linguistic change : what does empirical sociolinguistics have to say about the distinction ? kurt braunmuller ( hamburg ) : communication strategies in the area of the hanseatic league : the approach by semicommunication . raymond hickey ( essen ) : trading with invaders : language contact in medieval ireland . anne haavaldsen ( bergen ) : trade and language from the ' german wharf ' in bergen - the runic evidence . harry perridon ( amsterdam ) : is the definite article in jutlandic a borrowing from german ? muriel norde ( amsterdam ) : grammaticalization vs reanalysis : the case of possessive construction in germanic .
 "",0
 1513,""Subject: 
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ai review journal ai review journal ai review journal ai review journal ai rev * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * artificial intelligence review journal ( kluwer , the netherlands ) special volume on integration of natural language and vision processing 6 double-issues ai review ( 4 books in parallel ) journal : 1994 vol . 8 ( 2 - 3 ) : computational models 1995 vol . 8 ( 5 - 6 ) : more computational models vol . 9 ( 2 - 3 ) : intelligent multimedia vol . 9 ( 4 - 5 ) : theory ( to come ) grounding representations recent advances ( to come ) books : 1995 integration of natural language and vision processing ( vol . i ) : computational models integration of natural language and vision processing ( vol . ii ) : intelligent multimedia ( to come ) integration of natural language and vision processing ( vol . iii ) : theory and grounding representations integration of natural language and vision processing ( vol . iv ) : recent advances ( to come )
 "",0
 1514,""Subject: forensic linguistics journal : subscription information
  
  forensic linguistics : the international journal of speech , language and the law published by routledge , london , uk e-mail addresses : for subscription enquiries and general info : info . journals @ routledge . com . uk to order sample copies by e-mail : sample . journals @ routledge . com . uk routledge journals catalogue on the www : http : / www . routledge . com / routledge . html editors : prof . malcolm coulthard , dr . peter french editorial board : sue blackwell ( reviews editor ) , angelika braun , jack chambers , tom davis , bethany dumas , diana eades , bruce fraser , john gibbons , michael gregory , allen hirson , harry hollien , robert kaplan , hannes kniffka , hermann ku """" nzel , william labov , peter ladefoged , judith levi , michael mansfield qc , francis nolan , tony sanford , roger shuy , kate storey . subscribe now ! volume 2 , issue 1 will be out shortly . to secure your copy , there are three ways to subscribe : 1 . individual subscription - iafl members members of the international association of forensic linguists get the journal included in their subscription , which is 30 pounds sterling , us $ 50 , aus $ 70 per year . this is a considerable saving on the standard subscription rate of 40 pounds / $ 65 . 2 . individual subscription - linguist list members members of the linguist list who do not want to join the iafl but wish to receive the journal , can subscribe at a special rate for this year : 35 pounds sterling , us $ 55 . 3 . library subscription rates are : ec library - 75 pounds sterling us library - $ 110 row library - 80 pounds sterling ask your library representative to subscribe . all subscribers can use the e-mail addresses at the top of this posting , or contact : paula massey , routledge subscriptions , itps ltd . , cheriton house , north way , andover , hants sp10 5be united kingdom . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * full tocs of past issues , and an electronic iafl application form , are available on the forensic-linguistics list . if you are not already a member , contact sue blackwell ( blackwellsa @ bham . ac . uk ) for details of how to subscribe to the list .
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 1515,""Subject: dgfs summerschool ( august 28th - - september 1995 ) saarbruecken
  
  * * * note : early registration closes june 30th * * * * the fifth summer school of the german linguistic society ( deutsche gesellschaft fuer sprachwissenschaft ) will be held between august 28th and september 8th , 1995 at the university of saarland ( saarbruecken , germany ) . the topic is """" language : cognitive structures and processes """" . the programme will cover cognitive aspects of natural language in the areas of theoretical linguistics , computational linguistics , and psycholinguistics . * 18 courses in german and english language each course consisting of five 90 minute lectures as well as workshops , exercises , and demonstrations . * plenary lectures on """" language and cognition """" * evening lectures on the topic """" language : cognitive structures and processes """" . * there will be a social programme , including official reception in saarbruecken castle , a summer school party . . . programm ring - christopher habel ( koordination ) : sprache und vorlesung kognition a theoretical linguistics phonetics william barry : cognitive aspects of phonetics phonology richard wiese : einf """" uhrung in die optimalit """" atstheorie syntax hubert haider : invarianten der syntaktischen strukturierung michael herweg & tibor kiss : theoretische und kognitive aspekte einer deklarativen grammatikanalyse des deutschen . prinzipien und schemata der hpsg semantics leonard talmy : how language structures concepts gilles fauconnier : cognitive semantics hans kamp : einstellungen , einstellungsberichte und sprachliche kommunikation jeff pelletier : formal semantic issues surrounding generic statements lexicon dieter wunderlich : lexical decomposition grammar b psycholinguistics language barbara hemforth & gerhard strube : kognitives parsing comprehension simon garrod : language comprehension and how we track the thread of discourse speech thomas pechmann : sprachproduktion production language werner deutsch : das allgemeine und das spezielle im acquisition erstspracherwerb am beispiel der personreferenz lexicon etta drews & pienie zwitserlood : das mentale lexikon neuro - barbara h """" ohle & stephanie kelter : neurolinguistik : linguistics kognitive aphasieforschung c computational linguistics lexicon james pustejovsky : processes of lexically - based inference : co - composition and abduction processing hans uszkoreit : performanzmodellierung in der models computerlinguistik man - maschine wolfgang wahlster : prozessmodelle multimodaler communication kommunikation registration : fees : early registration ( before june 30th ) : students : dm 280 visiting scholars : dm 560 industrial participants : dm 1100 registration after june 30th students : dm 350 visiting scholars : dm 650 industrial participants : dm 1200 you may register from now on . we shall try to find low-priced accommodation ( applications will be dealt with on a first done , first served basis ) . information and registration : dgfs - sommerschule 1995 universitaet des saarlandes computerlinguistik , bau 17 . 2 d-66041 saarbruecken tel . : + 49 ( 681 ) 302-4444 ; fax . : + 49 ( 681 ) 302-4351 internet : dgfs @ coli . uni-sb . de local organization : manfred pinkal and claudia villiger this and further information is also available on worldwideweb : http : / / coli . uni-sb . de / info / dgfs /
 "",0
 1516,""Subject: lexicographer
  
  us-pa - pittsburgh machine translation lexicographer , cmu lexicographer , machine translation applications the catalyst project at the center for machine translation , carnegie mellon university , is seeking a talented and energetic individual for the position of lexicographer . catalyst is a large-scale mt application for commercial document delivery in the domain of heavy machinery . the lexicographer is responsible for the following tasks : * implementation of lexicon refinement / enhancement / maintenance tasks , in support of source and target language lexicon development . the successful applicant must have the following qualifications : * m . a . in linguistics , m . s in computational linguistics or a related field * native or near-native fluency in english * experience developing knowledge sources for language software , preferably large-scale , multi-lingual lexicons for machine translation in technical domains * understanding of the principles of lexicography and terminology management , especially as they relate to semantic accuracy and translatability * demonstrated ability to proactively identify and quantify lexical issues that arise during development / refinement , with special attention paid to issues which span multiple knowledge sources ( e . g . , domain model , tl lexicons , etc . ) . skill and experience in these areas are preferred but not required : * fluency in any of french , spanish , german , italian , portuguese , russian * experience with manual translation in technical domains full - time salaried position , starting range : $ 27 , 000 to $ 30 , 000 usd occasional travel required contact : eric nyberg phone : ( 412 ) 268-7281 center for machine translation fax : ( 412 ) 268-6298 carnegie mellon university email : ehn + @ cs . cmu . edu pittsburgh , pa 15213 usa candidates should send a letter of application , a current vita , at least three letters of reference , and representative samples of their work . resumes , cover letters , etc . may be submitted via email , in ascii or postscript form . resumes may also be submitted by fax or regular mail , but email is preferred . letters of recommendation must be faxed or mailed . applicants from abroad may wish to consider express mail to ensure a timely submission .
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 1517,""Subject: spanish evaluator
  
  us-pa - pittsburgh machine translation evaluator ( spanish ) , cmu ( part-time ) spanish evaluator , machine translation applications the catalyst project at the center for machine translation , carnegie mellon university , is seeking a talented and energetic individual for the position of spanish evaluator . catalyst is a large-scale mt application for commercial document delivery in the domain of heavy machinery . the spanish evaluator is responsible for the following tasks : * review spanish output of machine translation system * evaluate the quality of the text based on cmt 's evaluation criteria * troubleshoot the system by providing an error analysis * working with developers to identify the most important areas for improvement the successful applicant must have the following qualifications : * native or near-native fluency in spanish and english * experience communicating and working productively within a group * experience in human translation of technical documents to spanish the following skills are also desirable : * coursework in linguistics or computational linguistics * experience with machine translation software or other types of language processing software * fluency in one or more of french , german , portuguese , russian , italian part - time position , salary negotiable . contact : eric nyberg phone : ( 412 ) 268-7281 center for machine translation fax : ( 412 ) 268-6298 carnegie mellon university email : ehn + @ cs . cmu . edu pittsburgh , pa 15213 usa resumes and cover letters may be submitted via email , in ascii or postscript form . materials may also be submitted by fax , but email is preferred .
 "",0
 1518,""Subject: research fellows at cityu , hk ( fwd )
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * research position department of chinese , translation and linguistics ( ctl ) city university of hong kong hong kong * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * research fellows associated with the department of chinese , translation and linguistics , city university of hong kong are anticipated to be available in the coming academic year . possible research areas include but are not limited to the following : computational linguistics experimental phonetics linguistic theory discourse analysis required background : applicants should have completed their ph . d . in linguistics or related discipline . research experience resulting in international publications is essential . salary : lecturer grades . determination of grade will depend on qualifications and relevant experience . period of appointment : 1 - 3 years . interested applicants should send a cv ( including the names of 3 referees ) along with a letter describing your background and research interests to : professor xu liejiong , head department of chinese , translation and linguistics city university of hong kong 83 tat chee avenue kowloon , hong kong email : ctmwong @ cityu . edu . hk fax : 852-2788 - 9520 note : initial submission by email is encouraged . more information about the city university of hong kong is available from the cityu home page on the world-wide web : http : / / www . cityu . edu . hk
 "",0
 1519,""Subject: sum : representing retroflex
  
  summary : representing retroflex at the beginning of the month i posted a query that asked for information on an alternative way of representing retroflexed segments as dorsalized coronals instead of [ - anterior ] . warm thanks to those who responded : philip hamilton phamilto @ epas . utoronto . ca richard desrochers desrochr @ ere . umontreal . ca wechsler wechsler @ world . std . com suzanne urbanczyk suzanne @ oitunix . oit . umass . edu mark verhijde mark . verhyde @ let . ruu . nl stig eliasson stig . eliasson @ ling . uu . se here is a list of annotated references followed by contributors ' excerpts on the following topics : 1 . against dorsalization 2 . origins of coronal domination of retroflex : sanskrit evidence 3 . phonetic features of retroflex blevins 1994 . course notes from the 1994 australian linguistic institute . cho , y . 1990 . parameters of consonantal assimilation . phd thesis stanford about sanskrit retroflexed elements . the claim made here is that retroflexation equals the formation of segments that contain two place nodes , cor and dor , i . e . what some have defined as a """" complex """" place . interestingly , in assuming retroflexed segments as having two place nodes , some neutralization effects at right word edges fall out quite naturally . ( verhijde ) dixon no title given . 1980 . languages of australia assumes a feature [ + retroflex ] , as does hamilton 's 1993 toronto paper . eliasson , stig 1986 . sandhi in peninsular scandinavian . in : henning andersen ( ed . ) , sandhi phenomena in the languages of europe , 271-300 . berlin : mouton de gruyter . postalveolarization or retroflexion is a most important sandhi process in swedish and norwegian , and the major part of the above article is devoted to that problem . ( eliasson ) gnanadesikan , amalia no title given . nels 24 1993 . the feature geometry of coronal subplaces . university of massachusetts occasional papers in linguistics 1993 she argues against the feature [ anterior ] for defining coronals . i believe that retroflexes are represented as [ - distributed ] [ + back ] where [ back ] is dorsal . ( urbanczyk ) hamilton , philip 1993 . no title given escol 93 paper on coronal articulation 1993 . no title given toronto working papers in linguistics 1993 . keating , patricia 1991 . coronal places of articulation in the special status of coronals , paradis and prunet , eds . phonetic clues on coronal articulations prince & smolensky 1993 : 179 , citing kirchner 's university of maryland ma thesis . 1 . against dorsalization hamilton : i am currently working on a paper where i argue against dorsalisation more fully , based on a variety of evidence : retroflexes are transparent to + back vowel harmony ; all of the evidence for interaction between retroflexes and back vowels is from very low level phonetic facts ( there are no lexical alternations backing front vowels : / rti / going to [ rtu ] ) and there is never _ neutralisation _ of a lexical back / front contrast conditioned by retroflexes , all that is attested is that front vowels have backed allophones when beside a retroflex ; retroflexes are based represented with a feature dependent on an apical node , since the lack of heteroganic apical clusters may be elegantly expressed with an ocp constraint on adjacent apical nodes . 2 . origins of coronal domination of retroflex : sanskrit wechsler : the presently-orthodox account of retroflection being dominated by the coronal node receives a lot of its support from the sankrit """" rnati """" rule . in this rule , if i recall it correctly , n - > rn anywhere to the right of a retroflex consonant , but intervening non-nasal alveolars block the rule . this kind of interaction between retroflection and the coronal node appears in other places as well ; the one i ' ve studied is in warlpiri , where historically there was a rule that partially unretroflexed a retroflex stop unless it was closely followed by another retroflex . there are other reasons why you might want to avoid involvement with the dorsal tier - - all the vowels live there , and you would have to explain why they are transparent to assimilations involving anteriority . a 3 . phonetic origins desrocher : ladefoged ( 1974 [ 1971 ] : preliminaries . . . ) speaks of retroflexes ( rxs ) as apical postalveolar and gives the example of ewe . he adds : """" in some south asian languages the retroflex consonant involve only the tip of the tongue and the back of the alveolar ridge , whereas in others there is contact between a large part of the underside of the tongue tip and much of the forward part of the hard palate """" and elsewhere , he speaks of the """" extremely retroflex sounds which occur in some indo - aryan languages """" ( hindi , gujerati , penjabi , and so on , i guess ) and when characterizing everything with the spe features , describes rxs as [ - ant , + cor , + high , - back , - low , - dist ] . spe refers to zwicky ( 1965 , his dissert . ) as describing convincingly sanskrit s . as [ - ant ] ( actually , [ - comp ] ) and spe seems to favor the natural class apicals + rxs [ - dist ] as opposed to laminals + non - rxs [ + dist ] . they refer for these matters to ladefoged 1964 a phonetic study of w - afr languages , and maintain that distinction between dentals and rxs support a [ dist ] feature . malmberg ( 1974 , manuel de phonetique generale ) writes that rxs are produced with the tongue markedly curved backwards towards the hard palate , but his diagram , as ladefoged 's , indicates that this the very front of the palate , or the back of the ridge , that is touched by the apex , and mentions south - italians dialects and of course , india . hockett 1958 makes an interesting comment : he says that the same acoustical effect than in the rx in """" bird """" is achieved by some english speakers not by curling back the tip , but by a """" peculiar contour of the central part of the tongue , the tip being held behind the lowe teeth """" . further comments , corrections , and questions welcome - - beau
 "",0
 1520,""Subject: summary : borrowing of body part terms
  
  many moons ago i posted a query regarding the borrowing of certain body part terms , notably , heart , eye , ear , and tongue , and never posted a summary ( tsk , tsk ) . here it is : first of all , i have been able to find , either through linguist or from other sources , clear examples of almost all the basic body part terms , including ' hand ' ( many iranian languages from persian , ossetic from chechen - ingush ) , ' heart ' ( polish from czech , many indo - aryan and iranian languages from persian , turkish from arabic ) , ' tongue ' ( a whole bunch of ethiopian languages ) , and so on . the one for which i have no completely clearly documented example is ' ear ' ( although there are cases of ' ear ' being replaced by a neologism from within the language itself ) . * * i am thus still looking for an example of borrowing involving the word for ' ear ' . * * a discussion of the whole question of borrowability of body part terms and its relation to language classification ( esp . with reference to the altaic question ) will appear in a paper by alexander vovin and me to appear next year in the zeitschrift der deutschen morgelandischen gesellschaft . finally , i would like to summarize the information provided by those who responded to my original query on linguist , to all of whom my deepest thanks : shirley silver ( silver @ sonoma . edu ) reported that mary haas , having reconstructed proto - hokan ' ear ' ( and ' navel ' ) noted that one could find or reconstruct similar forms in other language families ( penutian , yuki , and the algic languages wiyot & yurok ) , which would seem to suggest borrowing . this is the closest i have come so far to a borrowed ' ear ' . benjamin moore ( ben @ edr5r . edr . co . jp ) reports that in modern japanese , the term for animal tongue used as food is ' tan ' a borrowing of english ' tongue . ' david costa ( dcosta @ garnet . berkeley . edu ) and george aaron broadwell ( g . broadwell @ albany . edu ) note that choctaw _ nishkin _ ' eye ' ( and according to costa other forms in western muskogean ( chickasaw & choctaw , + mobilian jargon ) , are from some algonquian source ( note proto - algonquian * _ ne $ ki : n $ ekwi _ ) , a suggestion which i have found goes back at least to mary haas . however , i should add that ives goddard , whom i asked about this , expressed strong doubt about any such connection . bruce connell ( connellb @ vax . ox . ac . uk ) reported that ' heart ' in usaghade ( lower cross < benue - congo ) is apparently borrowed from a neighbouring bantu language , with semantic shift . tone marking omitted , usaghade ebuma , ' heart ' proto - bantu * - bumo , 's tomach ' . jakob dempsey ( jakob @ u . washington . edu ) reported that the common word for ' tongue ' in standard chinese and in hmong - mien languages ( generally speaking ) [ hm = miao - yao ] is very likely related , suggesting borrowing , since these languages are not considered genetically linked . norbert strade < lingnost @ hum . aau . dk > reported that the finnish word for """" neck """" , """" kaula """" , is borrowed from baltic . cynthia vakareliyska ( vakarel @ oregon . uoregon . edu ) pointed that some slavists believe that the russian word for ' eye ' ( _ glaz _ ) is borrowed from germany . ( i have been slowly tracing the origin of this opinion , which appears to be in error , but have not yet gotten all the way to the bottom of it . in my view the correct etymology , which is given by several authorities , is a shift in meaning of the native word for 's tone ' , ' boulder ' or the like ) . references from the above : connell , b . ( in press ) the role of language contact in the development of usaghade . to appear in sugia ( sprache und geschichte in afrika ) 16 or 17 , special issue on ' language contact and historical change ' . haas , mary r . 1964 . california hokan . in studies in californian linguistics . william bright , ed . university of california publications in linguistics 34 : 73-87 . jacob , betty ; t . dale nicklas ; and betty lou spencer . 1977 . introduction to choctaw . durant , ok : choctaw bilingual education program , southeastern oklahoma state university .
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 1521,""Subject: passives
  
  hi all , does anyone know of a language in which passives are more frequent than actives ? it seems that it is possible to find languages in which actives are more frequent than passives , and even languages in which passives do not exist , but does the third case occur in any natural language ? any help on this would be greatly appreciated ? ll
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 1522,""Subject: query : classicalphilology list
  
  i would like to ask for information on a similar discussion list as this one on issues in classical philology , mainly literature but also history , linguistics &c . please send messages to szigetva @ osiris . elte . hu thanks . peter szigetvari
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 1523,""Subject: chinese corpus
  
  dear netters , do you know of any chinese corpus ? i am doing some chinese analysis and would like to get hold of a chinese corpus . it does n't matter which chinese mode it uses ( gb , big5 , hz , etc . ) if you know one , please send me a message . thank you . ruizhong wang applied linguistics program northern arizona university ruizhong @ nauvax . ucc . nau . edu
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 1524,""Subject: reduplication in child language acquisition and foreigner talk , etc .
  
  in conducting a study of derivational morphology in creole languages , i have been investigating the origins of reduplication in the same . specifically , i am trying to determine whether it is best to explain the form and / or meaning of reduplicated structures in creoles in terms of the influence of substrate languages or in terms of the effect of language universals , or both . it has been suggested that data from child language acquisition studies may shed light on the question . also , data regarding """" baby talk """" and """" foreigner talk """" ( i . e talk by adults to children and non-native speakers , respectively ) may help in determining the extent to which reduplication in creoles should be explained in terms of language universals . additionally , the patterns of use of reduplication by adult second language learners in theirnon-native language ( s ) may also prove useful . thus , i would greatly appreciate any information you can give me ( by way of data , descriptions , references , etc . ) regarding the following questions : 1 . is reduplication a universal feature of children 's speech , baby talk , or foreigner talk cross-linguistically ? any examples ? 2 . where reduplication is indeed a feature of the above-mentioned speech varieties , what semantics are associated with the reduplicated forms ? specifically , is reduplication used as a category-changing operation , or is it used only in a modificatory way ( e . g . diminutivization , augmentation , etc . ) with no category change effected on the words to which it applies ? 3 . where reduplication is a feature of the above-mentioned speech varieties , what phonological form does it take ? i . e is total reduplication the rule ( e . g . """" the tiny tiny mouse ' ) ? or is total reduplication with modification ( e . g . """" teeny-weeny """" ) what we find ? or do we find partial reduplication of one kind or another , in which only syllables or parts of syllables are reduplicated ? andy saperstein adsap @ ling . ohio-state . edu ohio state university
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 1525,""Subject: query : vp ellipsis and v - raising
  
  i am looking at vp ellipsis in overt v - raising languages . in particular , i need to find out whether the equivalent of ( 1 ) , with the vp being deleted after the verb moves out of it , is acceptable in overt v - raising languages . for control , i need to check whether vp ellipsis is possible in constructions such as ( 2 ) , which presumably would not necessarily involve main verb raising in the relevant languages . ( 1 ) john put the book on the table and peter put too . ( 2 ) a . john has put the book on the table and peter has too . b . john must put the book on the table and peter must too . if you know of any relevant facts and / or references , please respond directly to me . i will post a summary if there is sufficient interest . zeljko boskovic boskovic @ uconnvm . uconn . edu department of linguistics , u-145 university of connecticut storrs , ct 06269
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 1526,""Subject: donnellan reference
  
  i am looking for the complete reference of an article by k . s . donnellan titled """" speaker reference , descriptions and anaphora """" . i believe it might be a chapter in a book .
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 1527,""Subject: job in japan
  
  faculty position , keio university keio university 's faculty of science and technology wishes to announce the opening of a full-time position in english and related areas , beginning in april , 1996 . applicants should be native or near-native speakers of japanese , have graduated from a japanese university in english or a closely related field , have completed at least the course work for a doctoral degree in the humanities , and have at least three years in research and teaching experience . the successful candidate will be appointed at the rank of tenured assistant professor ( shennin koushi ) . required documents to be submitted : 1 . curriculum vitae , according to the japanese style and format , with one photograph 2 . a list of research papers 3 . three sample publications , one of each , either originals or copies 4 . a description of the candidate 's future research plans ( approximately two a - 4 pages ) 5 . a statement of the candidate 's views regarding university english education ( approximately one a - 4 page ) deadline september 9 , 1995 ( the post cancellation mark will serve as validation . ) selection process candidates who pass the initial screening process will be invited of an interview ( travel and lodging will be at the applicant 's expense ) . direct notification of the date and other details will be subsequently provided . address to which applications and accompanying documents are to be sent : hiyoshi kyoumuka ( rikougakubu ) keio university 4 - 1 - 1 hiyoshi kouhoku - ku , yokohama 223 japan note 1 . applications and accompanying documents should be sent by registered mail , with a notice in red ink , preferably in japanese , noting their contents . 2 . applicants should be aware that the submitted materials cannot be returned . 3 . should you have any questions , please contact professor keiji nakano ( e - mail : a01057 @ cc . hc . keio . ac . jp ) .
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 1528,""Subject: job : german language etc . in japan
  
  faculty position , keio university ( german ) keio university 's faculty of science and technology at hiyoshi wishes to announce the opening of a full-time position in german language and related areas in the humanities and social sciences , beginning april 1 , 1996 . applicants should be native or near-native speakers of japanese , have completed at least the course requirements for a doctoral degree in the humanities or social sciences , and have at least three years in teaching german . preference will be given to those who already hold a doctoral degree in the areas to be taught . the successful candidate will be appointed at the rank of tenured assistant professor ( shennin koushi ) or tenured associate professor ( jokyouju ) , depending on his or her qualifications and experience . required documents to be submitted : 1 . curriculum vitae , according to the japanese style and format , with one photograph 2 . a list of research papers 3 . three sample publications , three of each , either originals or copies , including the candidate 's major thesis or monograph 4 . a description of the candidate 's future research plans ( approximately two a - 4 pages ) 5 . a statement of the candidate 's views regarding university german language education ( approximately one a - 4 page ) 6 . a description of the candidate 's plan for lecturing in areas other than german language deadline september 9 , 1995 ( the post cancellation mark will serve as validation . ) selection process candidates who pass the initial screening process will be invited of an interview ( travel and lodging will be at the candidate 's own expense ) . direct notification of the date and other details will be subsequently provided . address to which applications and accompanying documents are to be sent : hiyoshi kyoumuka ( rikougakubu ) keio university 4 - 1 - 1 hiyoshi kouhoku - ku , yokohama 223 japan note 1 . applications and accompanying documents should be sent by registered mail , with a notice in red ink , preferably in japanese , noting their contents and the addressee . 2 . applicants should be aware that the submitted materials cannot be returned except in special cases . 3 . e - mail inquiries should be directed to professor keiji nakano ( a01057 @ cc . hc . keio . ac . jp ) .
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 1529,""Subject: semantics research position in israel
  
  one semester research position in formal semantics at ben gurion university . pending administrative approval , the position will be available from late october 1995 to early february 1996 . phd preferred . salary approx . $ 7 , 000 , funded by an israel national science foundation research grant . the topic of the grant is genericity and intensionality . please send brief letter of interest to karina wilkinson via email : karina @ bgumail . bgu . ac . il
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 1530,""Subject: spanish corpora
  
  i am looking for sites where to obtain information about spanish corpora and parsing and tagging systems easily adaptable to spanish . thank you very much in advance . pablo accuosto instituto de computacion facultad de ingenieria montevideo - uruguay
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 1531,""Subject: query : future tense discourses
  
  hi everybody , i am looking for texts written in the german future tense ( yes , i do believe there is such a thing ! ) . could anybody help me out with references ? i want to compare the frequency of temporal adverbial anaphors in future tense discourses to the frequency in past tense discourses . thus , it would be best to have novels , short stories etc . by the same autor in both tenses . thank you ! birgit hamp
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 1532,""Subject: q : chomsky 's sea voyage ; how many of each kind of linguist are there
  
  ( 1 ) somewhere there is a story of chomsky , seasick and uncertain of his future , coming with the idea of transformational grammar while traveling aboard ship . i am wondering if anybody remembers where . ( 2 ) are there are any surveys or other statistics that show how many linguists work within the different schools and also within different areas ( e . g . , phonology vs . syntax , comparative vs . theoretical , etc . ) . i will post summaries .
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 1533,""Subject: summary : chomsky on letting the theory choose
  
  i recently asked where it was that chomsky said that in unclear cases we should let the theory choose the right analysis . the answer , supplied by jan odijk , barbara abbott , and michael israel ( to all of whom my thanks ) turns out to be syntactic structures , p . 14 : . . . in order to set the aims of grammar significantly it is sufficient to assume a partial knowledge of sentences and non-sentences . that is , we may assume for this discussion that certain sequences of phonemes are definitely sentences , and that certain others sequences are definitely non-sentences . in many intermediate cases we shall be prepared to let the grammar itself decide , when the grammar is set up in the simplest way so that it includes the clear sentences and excludes the clear non-sentences . . . . a certain number of clear cases , then will provide us with a criterion of adequacy for any particular grammar .
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 1534,""Subject: review of arboreal for windows
  
  review of : arboreal for windows , cascadilla press . by dr . matthew crocker ( mwc @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk ) centre for cognitive science , university of edinburgh . arboreal for windows ( henceforth , arborwin ) is a package designed to facilitate drawing trees within microsoft ( tm ) windows ( tm ) applications . arborwin consists simply of a truetype ( tm ) font in which keys are mapped to tree component shaped characters rather than standard keyboard symbols . the advantage of drawing trees in this way is that arborwin is very portable , and can be used in any wysiwyg windows ( tm ) application which allows you to select specific fonts ( i . e . most ) . the disadvantage , broadly , is that ` type-setting ' or layout of the trees is left to the user . the ` characters ' of arborwin include left , right , vertical , and ` triangle ' branches - - each of several widths ( but all the same height ) . the font is also fully scalable . in general , i found that arborwin behaved as intended , given that it is simply a font-based package . its most basic limitation is that there is a relatively small selection of branch sizes ( i . e . how narrow or wide a branch is ) . in practice , the most common problem i encountered was that ` triangle ' branches ( eg , for phrase without internal structure ) could n't be made wide enough . . . given that one often wants to put fairly long phrases under these . the only way to increase the width was to increase the point size for the branch ; but this also increases the height of the particular branch , and makes trees look disproportionate and inconsistent . being font-based , however , also means it cannot attain the flexibility of alternative packages ( eg , the ` tree ' package for latex ) . the ' tree ' package , for example , takes as input a declarative tree specification ( as a bracketed list ) and then automatically typesets the tree , and also permits crossing branches , and upside-down trees . since typesetting is automatic , the tree formatting is consistent , and tailored to the size / length of terminals ( including the triangle branches ) . overall the package is simple to use and quite effective if your requirements ( in terms of both sophistication , and layout quality ) are not too demanding . if greater flexibility , consistency , and quality is required , then i believe there is still no substitute for latex and its associated packages . dr . matthew crocker , esrc research fellow centre for cognitive science university of edinburgh mwc @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk
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 1535,""Subject: donnellan complete citation
  
  a summary of my request for the complete citation : keith s . donnellan 1978 """" speaker reference , description and anaphora """" in syntax and semantics vol . 9 : pragmatics , peter cole , ed , n . y . : academic press . pp . 47-68 . this article was reprinted in 1979 contemporary perspectives in the philosophy of language , peter french , t . e . uehling jr , and h . k . wettstein , eds , minneapolis : u . of minnesota press . pp . 28-44 . thank you to the following people who responded to my request . charles meyer , gregory ward , steven bayne , robert knippen , anne reboul , jeffrey l . lidz , georges rebuschi , kjetil strand , becky passonneau
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 1536,""Subject: pdt
  
  send for a free sample copy of mind and language edited by max coltheart , martin davies , samuel guttenplan , margaret harris , glyn humphreys , alan leslie , neil smith and deirdre wilson the phenomena of mind and language are currently studied by researchers in linguistics , philosophy , psychology , artificial intelligence and cognitive anthropology . mind and language aims to bring this work together in a genuinely interdisciplinary way . along with original articles , the journal publishes forums , survey articles , and reviews , enabling researchers to keep up-to - date with developments in related disciplines as well as their own . recent articles : vacuous singular terms , fred adams and robert stecker peacocke 's argument against the autonomy of nonconceptual representational content jose luis bermudez nonconceptual content : kinds , rationales and relations christopher peacocke systematically revisited : reply to chater and christiansen and niklasson and van gelder robert f hadley mind and language is published four times a year in march , june , september and december , by blackwell publishers , 108 cowley road , oxford , ox4 1jf , uk request your free sample copy by sending a message to jnlsamples @ blackwellpublishers . co . uk . please include your full postal address and state journal title .
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 1537,""Subject: proper names
  
  dear linguists , i am looking for information and references regarding proper names ( especially people 's names ) . proper names are difficult to handle for nlp applications , for various reasons ; but one thing is sure : if you wish to analyse large corpora of texts , you will bump into a large number of proper names , and many of of these will be foreign proper names . so i am trying to gather any possible piece of knowledge ( references and pointers are welcome ) for as many languages as i can regarding the following points , in order to enhance a syntactic analyser for french : - the standard fashion to name people ( in french , usually a first name and a last name , but some language may add to this simple pattern additonal pieces . - what kind of unusual character may be found in proper names : for example , in france you may find names from brittany like rowarc ' h or floc ' h , where the quote is likely to cause segmentation errors ; the same holds for some dutch names such as op ' t hof , etc . - what are the official rules for spelling proper names , especially names that are composed of prepositional phrases , like """" de gaulle """" , or """" van voorst tot voorst """" : in other words , which parts are capitalized , and which are not . - what are the most frequent morphemes used in proper names , or in other words if there is ( used to be ) a preferred way for creating new proper names from a restricted list of morphemes . - what are the compounding rules for proper names . if there is enough interest , i ' ll post a summary . many thanks in advance , francois .
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 1538,""Subject: child language acquistion
  
  i am looking for information on elicitation techniques and grammaticality judgements for 2 - 4 year old children . i would be grateful for your help on thi s subject . cathy finlay . university of ulster .
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 1539,""Subject: 1997 international congress of linguists
  
  does anybody know dates / place for the 1997 international congress of linguists ?
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 1540,""Subject: fresh chinese dialect fieldwork conference ( last call )
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * are you tired of boring conferences on chinese linguistics ? * * tired of hoards of people droning endlessly about things you * * either can't understand or could n't care less about - perhaps * * rehashing mandarin or taiwanese syntactic structures for the ten * * millionth time ; or telling you that _ bangmuu _ is reflected as * * [ p ] in such and such dialect while _ pangmuu _ is reflected as * * [ ph ] ; or categorizing all the possible patterns of word * * formation in four-character cliche 's ? are you tired of all that * * stultifying palaver ? then come to the next meeting of the yuen * * ren society . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the yuen ren society for the promotion of chinese dialect fieldwork presents a conference on fresh chinese dialect fieldwork 27 march , 1995 , salt lake city marriott hotel last call the yuen ren society for the promotion of chinese dialect fieldwork ( founded 1990 at the university of washington ) is dedicated to the study of diverse varieties of spoken hann chinese . the society 's meetings are an occasional forum for distributing and discussing fresh dialect data . submissions are now being accepted for a conference to be held in conjunction with the 205th meeting of the american oriental society , tentatively the afternoon of monday , 27 march 1995 , at the marriott hotel in salt lake city , utah . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * all communication about this conference should be addressed to : email : ( yuenren @ u . washington . edu ) ordinary mail : the yuen ren society att ' n : david prager branner asian languages and literature , do-21 university of washington seattle , wa 98195 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * i . scope of the conference : descriptive or comparative material for any variety of spoken hann chinese , preferably unfamiliar to dialectologists at large . to request a list of illustrative suggestions , write to ( yuenren @ u . washington . edu ) . yuen ren society conferences center around the presentation of original or rare data from real hann chinese dialects . why so narrow ? the reason is that there are already many outlets for theoretical and philological studies in chinese linguistics ; but there are no real outlets for the plain presentation and discussion of * data * . this meeting will consist of two elements : a . a collection of data , printed as an issue in the society 's occasional series , _ the yuen ren society treasury of chinese dialect data _ , and b . a presentation of the data by the fieldworker or compiler , together with discussion by the audience . the _ treasury _ will be available at the meeting , where it will serve as the handout . ii . deadlines . 28 january 1995 , for submission of an abstract and either a full-length draft of the material or a reasonably long sample from it . 28 february 1995 , for receipt by the society of the final camera-ready draft . this deadline is firm ; if you are afraid you are going to miss it , you should be in touch with the society * before * that happens . there is no deadline for registration at the conference , but we would like to know beforehand if you plan to attend . iii . submission of material . anyone wishing to present data at the society 's conference must submit it for publication in the _ yuen ren treasury of chinese dialect data _ . all submissions will be subject to review . if you cannot be present at the conference , you may still submit material to the current issue of the _ treasury _ . this conference is independent of the american oriental society meeting . there is no fee for the yuen ren society meeting , but it is the responsibility of everyone who attends to pay any aos registration fees that may be required of them . iv . attendance by non-participants . the conference is open to everyone , including people who are not members of the yuen ren society . there will be no fee for attending the conference , but there may be a small on-site registration fee for anyone who wants a copy of the _ yuen ren treasury _ . the _ treasury _ will serve as the combined handout for the whole conference . v . notes on style and format . 1 . the society favors the use of gwoyeu romatzyh , but will not reject any other reasonable system of romanization , as long as all tonal distinctions are represented in some consistent way . papers that use romanization without some form of tonal distinction will be rejected . both traditional and simplified characters are welcome . 2 . the languages of the conference and of all papers should be english or mandarin . 3 . length of individual presentations at the conference will be variable , with up to 25 minutes per presentation , and discussion ad hoc . please tell the society how long your presentation will be . length of documents in the _ treasury _ will also be variable , depending on their contents . 4 . all papers should include a section in the bibliography entitled """" sources of dialect data """" or something comparable , in addition to the ordinary list of works cited . papers introducing data from original fieldwork * must * list the names of all sites represented , together with information about the informants used and the dates of fieldwork . papers using any data not gathered by the author personally * must * list the sources of each distinct set of data . it is a good idea to distinguish different sources , even if they represent the same site . 5 . all submissions to the _ yuen ren treasury _ must be made in camera-ready hard copy . handwritten documents , unless they are remarkably neat , will ordinarily be rejected . for documents produced on a computer , common serif fonts such as courier or new york should be used for roman letter writing apart from ipa , and a sharply legible bitmap or outline font such as sung should be used for kanji . very neatly handwritten kanji are acceptable . if in doubt , send a sample of your typefaces to the society * before * the submission deadline . 6 . finished documents should have margins a minimum of one inch wide . print should be black only , and the body of the text should be between 12 and 14 point in size and double spaced . documents produced on a computer should be printed at not less than 300 dpi . 7 . in general , papers should follow the style guidelines of a recent edition of the _ chicago manual of style _ . vi . restrictions : barring exceptional circumstances , the following will be considered outside the scope of the conference , since there are already other outlets for them : 1 . papers emphasizing formal analysis or formal representation . 2 . new romanization schemes . 3 . papers comparing a single modern dialect to the jin ' in ( a . k . a . _ chiehyunn _ ) phonological system . 4 . papers all of whose data is culled from published sources , unless the source is rare or for some reason poorly known . 5 . studies of """" mandarin """" , """" taiwanese """" , """" cantonese """" , """" hakka """" , or other standard dialects , based neither on fieldwork nor the speech of named sites or sources . 6 . presentations that do not consist primarily of data .
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 1541,""Subject: jobs
  
  kyushu institute of technology ( national university ) , kitakyushu city , fukuoka prefecture , japan invites applications for two positions . a full-time instructor of efl beginning april 1 , 1996 . qualifications : a native speaker of english ; ma degree or its equivalent in tefl , applied linguistics , linguistics , literature , international communication or related fields ; under 40 years of age . duties : eight undergraduate / graduate classes per week plus other related departmental responsibilities . contract : initial two years contract , renewable to a maximum of of five years ( by mutual agreement ) . salary and and benefits : salary based on japanese ministry of education scale ; bonuses , transportation from point of origin , health insurance ; research budget of about 600 , 000 yen per year ; conference travel allowance . a fully furnished house is provided and on-campus residence therein is required . application materials : resume with recent passport-size photo , photocopies of all degrees / diplomas ; verifications of past employment ; list of publications ; at least one letter of recommendation ; 500 word essay on """" why i 'd like to teach in japan . """" deadline : sept 11 , 1995 a full or associate professor of efl beginning april 1 , 1996 . qualifications : a native speaker of japanese ; ma degree or its equivalent in tefl , applied linguistics , linguistics , literature , international communication or related fields ; at least two year teaching experience , over 40 years of age . duties : six undergraduate / graduate classes per week plus other related departmental responsibilities . salary and and benefits : salary based on japanese ministry of education scale ; bonuses , transportation from point of origin , health insurance ; research budget ; conference travel allowance . application materials : resume with recent passport-size photo , list of publications , experts or photocopies of publications , and 200 word abstracts of publications , photocopies of all degrees / diplomas , a photocopy of the certificate of most recent degree with grades , a certificate of physical examination , at least one letter of recommendation . deadline : sept 11 , 1995 contact : shuzo yamanaka ( professor ) department of humanities faculty of engineering kyushu institute of technology 1 - 1 sensui - cho tobata - ku kitakyushu - shi 804 japan fax : + 81 93 884 3400 e - mail enquiries should be sent to ; makoto shimizu ( mr ) shimizu @ dhs . kyutech . ac . jp
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 1542,""Subject: non - decimal counting systems
  
  the fulfulde language of west africa is based on fives . so you have separate words for one through five , from then on : 5 + 1 for six , then 5 + 2 , 5 + 3 , 5 + 4 . but there is a word for ten : 's appo ' which indicates putting both sets of fingers together . then we get 10 + 1 . . . . 10 + 5 + 4 , then a separate word for twenty . i beleive some dialects use ten times two for twenty . for thirty , forty , etc . we get 10 x 3 etc . there are separate words for hundred and thousand . 1000 x 1000 is probably a practical limit . i am sure this is not unique in this area of africa . leslie h . stennes
 "",0
 1543,""Subject: sum : nonreferential np 's in english
  
  a week or two ago , i sent the following query to the folks on linguist : > my interest is in identifying nonreferential np 's in written english so > that a computer natural lg processing system would know not to set up > referents for them to serve as antecedents for subsequent anaphora > resolution . compounds ( e . g . duck-shooting season ) can i suppose be > treated superficially as single words , but what about things like ' lose > faith in ' , ' catch sight of ' . of course , some criteria will involve > larger discourse issues , but it may be that it is possible to identify > at least some nonreferential np 's """" cheaply """" , i . e . just by looking > within a clause and / or considering inherent lexical semantics . my interest is also in examples like ' john is a teacher ' , where ' a teacher ' is not used to introduce a new discourse referent , but rather to characterize one which has already been introduced . my thanks to gregory ward , marion kee , and louise mcnally for their replies and comments . to summarize my investigations to date and the comments of these people : ward , gregory , richard sproat , and gail mckoon . 1991 ` ` a pragmatic analysis of so - called anaphoric islands , ' ' in language 67 : 439-474 . - - contrary to what i was assuming about compounds , subparts may serve as antecedents for pronominal anaphora . louise mcnally noted : ' first of all , it appears that languages with article systems ( like english and other germanic lgs . , and the romance lgs . ) mark """" nonreferentiality """" by the absence of an article ( i . e . via bare singular or , more commonly , bare plural nps ) . although such nps may function syntactically just like nps with articles ( in contrast to incorporated nominals ) , semantically and pragmatically they are quite distinct . . . in english things are complicated by the fact that bare plurals also appear to denote natural kinds , but this appears to be the [ exception rather ] than the rule ( bare nominals in the other languages i ' ve looked at do not have this interpretation ) . thus , what is shared by incorporated and non-incorporated , nonreferential nps is thus ( 1 ) the absence of an article ; and ( 2 ) their semantics / pragmatics . - - i would treat bare nominals as property denoting ( alternatively , as contributing only descriptive content ) , whereas i treat nps with articles as entity denoting ( alternatively , as contributing both descriptive content and , crucially , a discourse referent ) . quantificational nps are another matter altogether . there appear to be differences between the discourse anaphoric properties of nouns in compounds ( like """" baby-sitter """" ) and bare plurals that occur as independent elements in sentences . specifically , bare nominals are much more likely to felicitously license discourse anaphora to """" token """" entities ( as opposed to kinds ) than are nouns inside compounds . i have not investigated this in detail , but i suspect that the differences involve the sorts of existential inferences you get via the use of the compounds vs . full sentences ( for example , i can truthfully describe someone as a """" tomato grower """" at time _ t _ without there being any tomatoes that the person is growing at _ t _ ; in contrast , if it is true that fred grew tomatoes at _ t _ , there must have been tomatoes at _ t _ that he grew . - - this pair does n't do justice to the complexity of the problem , but i hope it gives you an idea of the differences one finds between the conditions on the applicability of nouns as descriptions and the truth of sentences . ) ' marion kee suggested marking phrasal verbs in the lexicon , for example ' catch sight of ' , where 's ight ' is non-referential . while this is an eminently practical solution to a thorny problem , my mandate is to explore methods for automatically identifying such non-referential uses , this being ( presumably ) more general , and computationally less expensive than searching the lexicon for given collocations . i am still musing on structural cues which might be used , perhaps in combination with semantic information . finally , i have attached a brief summary of the ' backgrounded object construction ' in roviana , a w . oceanic lg , spoken in the solomon islands . i am currently working on a sketch gr for an upcoming volume on oceanic lgs . the construction i am referring to would be called an antipassive by some ( roviana has morpho-syntactic ergativity with really unusual splits ) , ' i cooked the taro ' comes out as a transitive , with ' i ' having ergative ' marking ' ( actually , zero for ergative , which is one of the unusual things ) , and there is transitive morphology on the verb . constituent order vao ' i cooked taro ' / ' i did taro-cooking ' comes out as intransitive , with ' i ' marked as absolutive , and constituent order voa . no transitive morphology on the verb , and you could say that the o has ' moved into the verb phrase ' if you were inclined to use such dynamic metaphors , and could make a case for what a verb phrase was in roviana . i call this the ' backgrounded object construction ' . it is used in subordinate clauses , which do not have morpho-syntactic ergativity , and it does n't involve the marking of a as oblique , so i am not prepared to call it an antipassive . now : you use the backgrounded object construction ( i ) ( optionally ) for pragmatically backgrounding the undergoer in discourse ( coz it is not important ) or ( ii ) ( obligatorily ) if the undergoer is non-specific . by non-specific i mean that the speaker does n't have a particular ref in mind , even if one might be said to exist , e . g . ' i did taro-cooking ' implies taro exists , but you are not focusing on any particular taro . exception : if you are asserting the non-existence of an undergoer by using a prenominal modifier ' none / nothing ' , you can use the normal transitive construction . e . g . ' i did n't kill anyone ' ( there does not exist a person such that i killed them ) = transitive ' i did n't kill anyone ' ( denying the action , not asserting the non-existence of the referent ) = backgrounded object construction . thus : the transitive construction is used if the undergoer is ( a ) asserted to not exist or ( b ) specific and not pragmatically backgrounded . the backgrounded obj construction is used if the undergoer is ( b ) non-specific and not being asserted to not exist or ( b ) specific and pragmatically backgrounded . roviana has articles that mark information statuses like definite . the np in a backgrounded obj construction however can only be a bare noun . my thanks again to those who replied . any further thoughts / comments much appreciated . simon corston
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 1544,""Subject: re : 6 . 923 , sum : chomsky on letting the theory choose
  
  chomsky 's optimism about """" letting the theory decide """" about unclear cases of grammaticality sharply contrasts with the view proposed by baudrillard ( in _ l ' autre par lui meme _ ) as to the role of theory in forcing reality and in defining us as theory practitioners . i ' m traslating from the spanish version : """" the status of theory could only be one of challenging reality . or , rather , the relationship between the two is one of a mutual challenge . for , undoubtedly , also the real is nothing but a challenge to theory - - not an objective state of affairs , but a radical frontier for analysis , beyond which nothing obeys theory or beyond which theory no longer has anything to say . but also theory is only made to disobey reality , and it constitutes its unreachable frontier . irreconciliation between theory and the real : a corollary of the irreconciliation between subjects and their own goals . all attempts at reconciliation are deceiving and are doomed to failure . """" celso alvarez - caccamo
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 1545,""Subject: re : 6 . 841 , ling in science fiction
  
  in this vein see italo calvino 's cosmicomics .
 "",0
 1546,""Subject: re : 6 . 933 , misc : english only , a footnote on banning of german
  
  a brief comment on on banning german in the us midwest during wartime : kurt vonnegut 's semi-autobiographical _ slapstick _ mentions how his german - speaking family self-censored the german out of their speech , music , etc . loren billings billings @ princeton . edu billings @ pucc . bitnet
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 1547,""Subject: gene flow and indo - europeans
  
  h . m . hubey has made readers of this list aware of an interesting article which appeared in the june 24 , 1995 , issue of science news concerning evidence from dna data indicating a gene flow from anatolia into europe beginning around 9 , 000 years bp . hubey also points out that there is genetic evidence that nomads from the central eurasian yamna culture spread westward into europe approximately 5 , 500 years ago . while it is indeed reasonable to link the first migration with the spread of agriculture , it does not follow that those who migrated spoke any form of indo - european ( """" pre - """" , """" proto - """" , or dialects thereof ) . nor does it follow that """" [ i ] t is possible that both expansions were responsible for the spread of different subfamilies of indo - european languages . . . """" we know from cuneiform records that by 3 , 000 bce anatolia was populated ( at least in part , if not in full ) by people speaking caucasian languages . in eastern anatolia , hurrian and the later attested and closely-related urartean were spoken . these languages have been convincingly shown by sergej starostin and igor diakonoff to be related to northeast caucasian . in central anatolia , hattic was spoken - - this was later replaced by hittite , an indo - european language . diakonoff maintains that hattic was also a caucasian language . finally , diakonoff has claimed that the language spoken by the gutians ( qutians ) was a caucasian language . moreover , there are no unambiguous references to indo - european people or languages in written records from the ancient near east until just before 2 , 000 bce , and the first references are to hittites . it is generally agreed by specialists ( for example , gamkrelidze , mellaart , puhvel , steiner , among others ) that the hittites were invaders who imposed themselves upon populations speaking caucasian languages ( in particular , hattic ) . thus , there is much stronger evidence that prior to about 2 , 000 bce , anatolia was populated by speakers of caucasian languages than by speakers of indo - european languages . thus , it follows logically that if one were to attempt to correlate gene flow at about 9 , 000 bp from anatolia to europe with language spread that one would tend to think more about very early forms of caucasian rather than indo - european . allan r . bomhard boston , massachusetts
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 1548,""Subject: re : 6 . 943 , disc : non - decimal counting systems
  
  the fulfulde language of west africa is based on fives . so you have separate words for one through five , from then on : 5 + 1 for six , then 5 + 2 , 5 + 3 , 5 + 4 . but there is a word for ten : 's appo ' which indicates putting both sets of fingers together . then we get 10 + 1 . . . . 10 + 5 + 4 , then a separate word for twenty . . . . . i wish to contribute to this topic of discussion with dagaare data . dagaare is a west african language ( gur family ) spoken in ghana and burkina faso . i provide below salient aspects of the dagaare system of numerals . as can be seen it is basically a decimal system ( based on 10 ) but it is also , to some extent , based on 20 . forty in dagaare is two 20 's , sixty is three 20 's and , like french , eighty is four 20 's . hundred has its own name but some speakers still insist on calling it five 20 's . all this shown below . 4 . dagaare numerals + human count - human count nenyeni - yeni 1 bonyeni bayi - yi 2 ayi bata - ta 3 ata banaare - naare 4 anaare banuu - nuu 5 anuu bayooo - yooo 6 ayooo bayopoi - yopoi 7 ayopoi banii - nii 8 anii bawae - wae 9 awae ( noba ) pie 10 ( boma ) pie ( noba ) pie ne yeni 11 ( boma ) pie ne yeni pie ne bayi 12 pie ne ayi . . . . pie ne bawae 19 pie ne awae ( noba ) lezare 20 ( boma ) lezare lezare ne yeni 21 lezare ne yeni lezare ne bayi 22 lezare ne ayi . . . . lezare ne bawae 29 lezare ne awae ( noba ) lezare ne pie 30 ( boma ) lezare ne pie lezare ne pie ne yeni 31 lezare ne pie ne yeni lezare ne pie ne bayi 32 lezare ne pie ne ayi . . . . ( noba ) lezae ayi 40 ( boma ) lezae ayi lezae ayi ne yeni 41 lezae ayi ne yeni lezae ayi ne bayi 42 lezae ayi ne ayi . . . . lezae ayi ne pie 50 lezae ayi ne pie lezae ayi ne pie ne yeni 51 lezae ayi ne pie ne yeni lezae ayi ne pie ne bayi 52 lezae ayi ne pie ne ayi . . . . ( noba ) lezae ata 60 ( boma ) lezae ata lezae ata ne yeni 61 lezae ata ne yeni lezae ata ne bayi 62 lezae ata ne ayi . . . . ( noba ) lezae ata ne pie 70 ( boma ) lezae ata ne pie lezae ata ne pie ne yeni 71 lezae ata ne pie ne yeni lezae ata ne pie ne bayi 72 lezae ata ne pie ne ayi . . . . ( noba ) lezae anaare 80 ( boma ) lezae anaare lezae anaare ne yeni 81 lezae anaare ne yeni lezae anaare ne bayi 82 lezae anaare ne ayi . . . . ( noba ) lezae anaare ne pie 90 ( boma ) lezae anaare ne pie lezae anaare ne pie ne yeni 91 lezae anaare ne pie ne yeni lezae anaare ne pie ne bayi 92 lezae anaare ne pie ne ayi . . . . ( noba ) koo 100 ( boma ) koo koo ne yeni 101 koo ne yeni koo ne bayi 102 koo ne ayi . . . . koore ayi 200 koore ayi koore ata 300 koore ata . . . . koore awae 900 koore awae ( noba ) tur 1000 ( boma ) tur . . tur ayi 2000 tur ayi tur ata 3000 tur ata . . tur tur ( mur ) 1000 000 tur tur ( mur ) . . tur tur tur ( bur ) 1000 000 000 tur tur tur ( bur ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - as can be seen for the last two numerals above , speakers would refer to million as ' thousand thousand ' and billion , presumably as ' thousand , thousand , thousand ' . the names in parenthesis ( ' mur ' and ' bur ' ) are my own suggestions , as a linguist / native speaker of the language , towards a better way of referring to very large numbers . i wonder how other languages are accomodating this need to have more numerals in the counting system . adams bodomo
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 1549,""Subject: english only ?
  
  english only ? this is a reaction to the message by jack aubert . i can understand what you mean but i am not so sure whether you compare things with each other that actually should / can be compared . > however , this is not what """" bi-lingualism """" > really means in the u . s . it means making it easier for non - english speakers > to get through life without having to learn to speak english in the u . s . , the ( mistaken ) idea that english is the national language makes its easier for the people to take it for granted that one can very well get through life without having to learn any other language . since language learning also entails getting to know a different culture , most people miss the opportunity to learn about other ways of living , eating , etc . > national plural mono-lingualism is a curse ! for everything you say about this , you did not mention one single argument that it should be english that can be the national language and not spanish . what would you say about this if the number of citizens speaking spanish fluently outnumbers the amount of people who speak english fluently ? after all , the u . s . just tops off a continent where the great majority speaks spanish . why should they speak english at all , in that country to the north of latin - america ? > history has not saddled us with this curse , as it has done to > belgium , . . . most """" ethnic """" conflicts ( there are > counter-examples like the hutus and tutsis and the two flavors of irish ) > trace back to language . basque and catalan separatism is based on language . > canada may end up breaking into two states , each with its own disgruntled > linguistic minority . basque and catalan separatism is not based on language . why do we never hear anything about galician separatism on the iberian peninsula ? galician is a language very different from spanish ( and not so different from portuguese ) . the name of the region is galicia and is part of spain . galician is a language much older than spanish itself : it was used for poetry and by the kings in ancient times . still , we do not hear a lot about galician separatism . neither do we hear anything about leonese separatism , aragonese separatism , andalusian separatism , simply because it does not exist . separatism on the peninsula has nothing to do with language . it has everything to do with historic rights of old kingdoms . the comparison with belgium might not be such a good one . the northern part of belgium used to be dutch , this is the reason these people speak dutch . in the u . s . , there is no regional division of groups of native-speakers as there is in belgium ( and like there is in catalunya and euzkadi too ) . it is much more probable that separatism between dutch - speaking belgians and french - speaking belgians be encouraged , because it is easy to say : o . k . , since the flemish live in the north and the walloons in the south , why do n't we split up the country ( and if they would , what can i hold against it ? ) . in the u . s . , this is not a very likely situation since the spanish - speaking citizens live all over the country . there is also a big historical difference : a mexican family living in chicago will never be able to say """" jee , we and all our neighbours and all the people in chicago , illinois , michigan , indiana , etc . , we used to belong to another country , a country where spanishwas the language . this soil where we were born and which we owe with thousands of """" compatriots """" used to belong to a spanish - speaking country . """" and what if canada breaks up ? as long as they do it in peace . . . . . really , i think you use the wrong arguments here . i mean , do i use arguments like : look what china has done to tibet : by invading the country they have destroyed a very important cultural and religious heritage , the tibetans are forced to learn chinese , the tibetan culture will be lost soon . so please allow spanish in the u . s . ? no , i do n't use this argument either because you cannot compare a cat with a bird . > allowing ( for example ) native spanish speakers living in the > u . s . to avoid learning english as young as possible and as well as possible > . . . . . . . . . . . . . . etc . allowing millions and millions of people in a modern , industrialized country like the u . s . to avoid learning any other language but their own greatly surprises me . really , from a practical point of view , and trying to agree with jack aubert , i would like to conclude with this . yes , of course plural mono-linguism is a problem . but does it make sense to expect that the half of the population of a country that has worse access to good education is going to make the step of learning two languages well ? as has been investigated in minority regions in europe , it has been proved that people can only learn a language well when they know their own language well . this is the reason the frisian language got reintroduced in the schools in frisia again in the seventies . frisia is a region in the north of holland where people speak frisian and dutch . most schools in the cities have dutch as a main language and frisian as a second language but in the country-side , at least the first three years , mathematics and everything is being taught in frisian and dutch is a second language . there is no separatism in frisia . in fact , the frisians are among the dutch to speak dutch best since a lot of other dutch only speak their local dialect and are ununderstandable for someone who comes from another region . since ( children of ) spanish speakers in the u . s . cannot go to a spanish school to learn their mother tongue thoroughly , they will never be able to learn english really well . it seems more realistic to expect that the ones who already speak their mother-tongue well and who have , generally speaking , better access to better education would learn spanish . let them become bilingual ( and maybe monolingual spanish in the end ? ? ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * jelly julia de jong * + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + atw , o . k . i . h . jatstraat 26 * + dept . of general linguistics + 9712 ek groningen * + university of groningen + the netherlands * + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | e - mail : julia @ let . rug . nl | | http : / / www . let . rug . nl / linguistics / jellydejong . html |
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 1550,""Subject: re : 6 . 933 , misc : english only , a footnote on banning of german
  
  jack aubert writes : > in contrast with most of the topics discussed here , [ national language > policy ] is an > issue where the views of academic linguists have no greater value than the > views of laymen or practicing linguists i beg to differ . lay ( wo ) men 's misconceptions about language are poisoning the public debate about english only , and recognizing the greater value of the views of academic linguists might be just what is needed to improve that debate . is it merely an accident that the vast majority of academic linguists opposes ( while a majority of laypeople supports ) english only and related movements , or is it an indication that those academic linguists know something that the laypeople do not know ? > [ bilingualism in the us ] means making it easier for non - english speakers > to get through life without having to learn to speak english on the grounds > that this is more humane and fairer . i am not an expert on bilingualism , but i have a hunch that this is a very lopsided characterization of bilingualism as currently practiced in ( small pockets of ) the us . i would be good to hear from subscribers who actually are experts on bilingualism . > most """" ethnic """" conflicts . . . > trace back to language . basque and catalan separatism is based on language . language played absolutely no role in the biggest """" ethnic conflict """" of our time , i . e . the racist war of the germans against jews , slavs , gypsies and other """" non-aryans """" . where language does play a role in """" ethnic conflicts """" , it does so only as ( an important ) part of a different cultural itentity , whatever that is . most of the time , these conflicts are n't purely """" ethnic """" but also ( and sometimes please do n't freeze onexclusively ) based on other factors such as class . the """" ethnic conflict """" between hutus and tutsis is an excellent example for this , but the details would lead to far astray . > english - - by accident of history - - is the glue that keeps the u . s . > together as one nation . the glue that keeps the us together as one nation ( if indeed there is such a glue and such a unified nation ) contains many ingredients , among which brute force and economic interests play a much bigger role than english or some other linguistic phenomenon . the unifying powers of police batons and wageloss ( for which one can blame the japanese , or mexicans , or anybody except the american ruling class ) far exceed those of the poems of walt whitman . > by requiring all american children to attend > classes taught in english we are doing our non-native - english speaking > compatriots an enormous favor . clearly the """" non-native - english speaking compatriots """" cannot be included in the """" we """" who are doing """" our blablabla """" a favor when """" we """" ( and """" we """" alone ) require all american children to attend classes taught in english . this is what english only truly is about : maintaining or returning to a status quo where """" we """" make decisions for """" our blablabla """" whose benefactors """" we """" thereby are . best , bernhard rohrbacher
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 1551,""Subject: re : 6 . 933 , misc : english only
  
  jack aubert is absolutely correct . the teaching of standard english is a thing that i do not hesitate to say should be compulsory nationwide ( although this does n't necessarily mean that it has to be so via a federal - level mandate . ) i have nothing at all against personal or familial or ethnic bilingualism and i spent a great deal of time and effort to render myself bilingual as a teenager , when the odds were against me . if it were up to me , most people would master a second language in childhood . however , english is an essential ingredient of the glue that binds the u . s . together . it is far more cruel to help non - english speakers in the u . s . to get along without it than it is to require that they learn it ( and to provide the necessary educational infrastructure . ) a substantial majority of formerly-non - english - speaking immigrants to the u . s . hold this position , and if they do not feel denigrated by having to learn english , who are the other """" experts """" that would claim it is degrading ? ( i have n't seen anyone express that opinion yet on this list ; have i missed any such posts ? ) > national plural mono-lingualism is a curse ! damn straight it is ! ! - - marion kee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - marion kee | i do n't speak for cmu , knowledge engineer , center for machine translation | and cmu returns the favor . carnegie mellon university pittsburgh , pa , usa | all opinions are my own .
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 1552,""Subject: ph . d programs
  
  a colleague of mine , who is a professor of english in japan , is seeking information regarding non-resident ph . d programs in linguistics available in the u . s . - - a course of study he would pursue while still in japan . where would we find such information ? please help us in any way you can . thank you very much for your time . ( please respond directly to the above email address . )
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 1553,""Subject: singapore query
  
  on behalf of a friend who has been offered a teaching position at the national university of singapore , i 'd like to ask 2 questions . 1 . does anyone have experience living in singapore or teaching at nus ? 2 . if so , could you tell me about your experience ? insights , suggestions , or special considerations would be welcome . please address a reply to jherman @ epas . utoronto . ca thanks .
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 1554,""Subject: syllabus request for gender and language course
  
  i will be teaching a course ( upper division undergraduate ) on """" gender and language """" this fall and i would like to see examples of syllabi that other people have used for this kind of class . i am also interested in relevant books , readings and videos . alternately , maybe this information is already available somewhere on www and someone knows the address ? i will be happy to summarize for the list . thanks , patricia schneider - zioga pschneid @ aludra . usc . edu dept . of linguistics usc l . a . ca 90089-1693
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 1555,""Subject: homophones in english dialects
  
  i work with students with written language learning disabilities . my students and i create personalized editing checklists , one component of these checklists being a list of commonly confused homophones . i 'd like to compile a more comprehensive list , however . i ' ve got a copy of evan antworth 's list of homophones from standard english , but i 'd like to supplement this with homophones in dialects of english . i am particularly interested in mid - atlantic and southern dialects . thanks in advance - - suzanne cadwell
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 1556,""Subject: strike outs
  
  hey baseball fans ! anyone out there know where ' k ' as a shorthand for 's trike-out ' comes from ? ? ? nomo - mania is big in japan and i ' ve had two different people ask me when they find out that i do linguistics . help ! ! - - amy
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 1557,""Subject: disc he / she
  
  dear linguist list subscribers , for the continuing discussion of the pronouns , i have some lines of data from the 17 manuscripts of the a - version of piers plowman . they can generally be said to be representative of 15th century usage . is it not strongly suggested in the lines that """" proverbial he """" , and perhaps the """" original """" morphology of the so called """" generic-he """" , was feminine , not masculine ? what a strange thing to say ! can this be accurate ? looking at the middle english pronouns , using the modern paradigm to evaluate them , is misleading and inconclusive . when the development of middle english """" his """" or """" him """" is evaluated without taking into consideration their development from old english morphology , much of the story is lost - - that these two """" masculine """" forms were also neuter , and in this later sense ( """" not one or the other """" ) , served well for the indefinite singular - - by way of development from the oe masculine / neuter obliques ; and the feminine forms were morphologically related to the plural . in the following lines , the h-stem subject is the feminine ( / plural ) , not the masculine . am i wrong ? ( playing for a moment the devil 's advocate ) do n't these lines below fly in the face of feminist theory as it sees the """" he """" """" stealing cognitive space """" , whereas in fact , they are feminine forms ? i would like to have some feminist theory input about these lines of evidence . if so-goes - the-language , so-goes - the-culture ( a la whorf ) , what can we make of the """" hers """" = 3d """" theirs """" identity found widespread in middle english morpholgy , and what can we say about the """" proverbial he """" in the following being feminine ? is there anybody strong in feminist theory , particulary a feminist him - / herself , who can discuss this in the general forum ? is my understanding correct that feminist history sees the h-stem feminine as having dropped from living english by 1300 ? please help . do not hesitate to contact me personally about any aspects of this , pro , con , or indifferent . lines from piers ( * = 3d unavailable character ) passus iii line 229 a = ch and he = feat gripeth gifts , so [ ? ] god helpe , d and ho so gripeth here gifts , so me god helpe , e = deai = feat grypi = fe such gifts , sa me god helpe , h but he = feat gripeth siche 3eftis , so me god helpe , h2 and he = feat grypes here gifts , so me god helpe , h3 = j and he = feat gripi = fe mede , so me god helpe , k and thay = feat grepyn her gifts , so me god helpe , l and ho = feat gripeth heore 3eftes , so me god helpe , m and 3e = feat grypit here 3iftis , so me god helpe , n and he = feat gripeth 3e gift , so me god helpe , r and he = feat grypyt 3oure gifts , so me god helpe , t and he = feat gripi = fe here gifts , so me god helpe , u and he = feat gripeth here gold , so me god helpe , v and heo = feat 3iftus heore gifts , so me god helpe , w he = feat gripeth here 3eftes , so me god helpe passus iii line 230 a schul ab * e it full bitterly or ellis = fee bok lyeth ch shal ab * e bitterly or = fee bok lie * th d shal ab * e it bitterly or = fee bok lyeth e sall ab * e it full bytter as = fee buke tellis h he schal abigge it bitterly or ellis = fee bok li * e = fe h2 shal ab * e it biterly or = fee bok lyeth h3 shal ab * e it bitterly or = fee bok li * e = fe j schulun abugge wel bitterly or = fee bok lyeth k schallen abigge hit wel bitterly or = fee bok lyeth l shal ab * e hit wel bytter or ellis = fee bok lyeth m scholyn abiggyn wol bytter or = fee bok liet n shal ab * e hit wel bitterly ar = fee bok lyeth r shal ab * e ful bitterly or = fee bok lyes t shal ab * ie it bitterly or = fee bok li * e = fe u shal ab * e ful bitere or = fee bok lyes v = deei schullen abugge bitterly or = fee bok li * e = fe w shal ab * e it bitterly or = fee bok ly
 "",0
 1558,""Subject: summary : buccalization
  
  several weeks ago i posted a query asking for instances of """" buccalization """" , the development of a glottal stop into an oral stop . the reason for the query was that i ' m compiling a catalogue of lenition and fortition types for a textbook , and this was the only type in my catalogue i could n't find an example of . i received seven responses . none of them turned up an absolutely ironclad example of a glottal stop developing into an oral stop , though the things that did turn up were nonetheless striking . four languages were cited . maru , a tibeto - burman language , has turned syllable-final zero into [ t ] or [ k ] , depending on the preceding tone . it is possible , but not certain , that this change proceeded via glottal stop . ( robins burling , 1966 , ` the addition of final stops in the history of maru ' , _ language _ 47 : 581-586 ; anatole lyovin , 1968 , ` notes on the addition of final stops in maru ' , _ project on linguistic analysis _ 7 ( berkeley ) . ) mandarin chinese optionally allows syllable-initial zero to be realized as any of several segments , including a glottal stop , a velar nasal , or a velar or uvular voiced continuant . ( yuen - ren chao , _ a grammar of spoken chinese _ , p . 20 . ) there is reason to believe that some of these initial zeros derive from earlier glottal stop . winnebago has undergone the change [ - r ? ] - > [ - t ? - ] between vowels , and , if i understand the reply correctly , the rhotic itself may be epenthetic in origin . american english has its celebrated case of ` no ' > ` nope ' , possibly via glottal stop . the same is true of ` yep ' , if this derives directly from ` yeah ' and is not analogical . ( and i have noted that i myself sometimes have ` welp ' for ` well ' . ) that 's it . it really does look as if the glottal region is a vast sink from which no segment ever returns . it is not obvious why this should be so , since , as one respondent points out , the development of [ ? ] to [ p ] , [ t ] or [ k ] under the influence of neighboring [ u ] , [ i ] or [ a ] does not seem intrinsically implausible , and indeed it is reported that early european linguists working in southeast asia sometimes misheard and mistranscribed glottal stops in exactly this manner . my thanks to richard coates , lance eccles , james kirchner , bill mahota , john koontz , david solnit and scott delancey for their responses . perhaps i should also have inquired about cases of [ h ] > oral segment , but i did n't think of it . any further information in this vein will be gratefully received . larry trask cogs university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh uk larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk
 "",0
 1559,""Subject: ranlp : call for participation
  
  international conference """" recent advances in natural language processing """" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tzigov chark , bulgaria 14 - 16 sept 1995 location : tzigov chark is a beautiful resort in the rhodope mountains on the shore of batak lake . tzigov chark is 150km from sofia , the capital of bulgaria . preliminary program : papers : kuang - hua chen , hsin - hsi chen ( taiwan ) a corpus-based approach to text partition allan ramsay , reinhard schaeler ( ireland ) case and word order in english and german marcel cori , michel de fornel , j . m . marandin ( france ) parsing repairs christer samuelsson ( germany ) example - based optimization of surface - generation tables ivan bretan , maans engstedt and bjoern gambaeck ( sweden ) a multimodal environment for telecommunication specifications inaki alegria , xabier artola , kepa sarasola ( spain ) improving a robust morphological analyzer using lexical transducers daniel jones , harold somers ( uk ) bilingual vocabulary estimation from noisy parallel corpora using variable bag estimation harris papageorgiou ( greece ) clause recognition in the framework of alignment tadashi nomoto ( japan ) effects of grammatical annotation on a topic identification task wiebke ramm and claudia villiger ( germany ) global text organization and sentence - grammatical realization : towards a discourse - level control of grammatical selections olivier ferret and brigitte grau ( france ) an episodic memory for understanding and learning david d . palmer ( usa ) experiments in multilingual sentence boundary recognition marie owens , p . o'boyle , f . j . smith ( uk ) a missing-word evaluation of statistical language model performance using human subjects khalil sima ' an ( holland ) an optimized algorithm for data oriented parsing jan schaake and geert - jan m . kruijff ( holland ) discerning relevant information in discourses using tfa hideki kozima , akira ito ( japan ) context - sensitive measurement of word distance by adaptive scaling of a semantic space akito nagai , ishikawa yasushi , nakajima kunio ( japan ) concept - driven search algorithm incorporating semantic interpretation and speech recognition shinsuke mori and makoto nagao ( japan ) grammar extraction and parsing a natural language using n - gram statistics mihoko kitamura , yuji matsumoto ( japan ) a mt system based on translation rules acquired from parallel corpora udo hahn , michael strube ( germany ) parsetalk about textual ellipsis victoria arranz , ian radford , sofia ananiadou , jan - ichi tsujii ( uk ) towards a sublanguage-based semantic clustering algorithm jung h . shin , young s . han , young c . park , key s . choi ( korea ) a hmm part - of - speech tagger for korean with wordphrasal relations ye - yi wang and alex waibel ( usa ) connectionist transfer in machine translation malgorzata stys ( uk ) , stefan zemke ( sweden ) incorporating discourse aspects in polish - - english mt : towards robust implementation : kalina boncheva ( bulgaria ) generation of multilingual explanations from conceptual graphs r . basili , m . della rocca , maria pazienza , p . velardi ( italy ) contexts and categories : tuning a general purpose verb classification to sublanguages ruslan mitkov ( germany ) two engines are better than one : generating more power and confidence in the search for the antecedent ching long yeh , chris mellish ( uk ) an empirical study on the generation of descriptions for nominal anaphors in chinese ismail biskri , jean pierre descles ( france ) applicative and combinatory categorial grammar from syntax to functional semantics ) hang li and naoki abe ( japan ) generalizing case frames using a thesaurus and the mdl principle project notes : fuji ren , lixin fan ( japan ) reservable structural ambiguities and its application in japanese - chinese machine translation jawad berri , dominique le roux , denise malrieu , jean - luc minel ( france ) seraphin , an automatic system for main sentences extraction matthew hurst ( uk ) parsing for targeted errors in controlled languages franklin cho ( usa ) implementing scrambling in korean : a principles and parameters approach akira utsumi ( japan ) how to interpret irony by computer : a comprehensive framework for irony martin simon ulmann ( switzerland ) decomposing german compound nouns jan schaake and geert - jan m . kruijff ( holland ) information states based analysis of dialogues galja angelova ( bulgaria ) , walter von hahn ( germany ) naive lexicon or cryptic formalismus ? user support in machine aided translation german rigau claramunt and eneko agirre ( spain ) a proposal for word sense disambiguation using conceptual distance chadia moghrabi , l . girard , m . s . eid ( canada ) chemistry : a new domain for a portable text generation system manfred kudlek ( germany ) some formal aspects of time , tense and aspect zaharin yusoff ( malaysia ) unification - like attribute operations in the string-tree correspondence grammar reserve project notes : marie christine villain , philippe trigano , jean deloire ( france ) intelligent textual database and automatic aquisition of word associations nigel collier ( uk ) contextual meta-knowledge acquisition from corpora organizing committee : ruslan mitkov iai saarbruecken / univ . of hamburg / inst . of mathematics - sofia manfred kudlek university of hamburg , germany michael zock limsi , orsay , france nikolai nikolov incoma , bulgaria victoria arranz ccl , umist , manchester , uk nicolas nicolov dept . of artificial intelligence , university of edinburgh , uk conference information : for further information please contact : prof . ruslan mitkov < mitkov @ informatik . uni-hamburg . de > or nicolas nicolov < nicolas @ edinburgh . aisb . ac . uk > conference venue : the conference will take place in hotel """" orpheus """" , tzigov chark , which accomodates up to 50 participants . we have chosen a small and cosy conference hotel to create a better and friendlier working and social environment : however this implies restrictions on the availability of single rooms and participants will be normally offered to share 2 - bed rooms . those interested in attending the conference are encouraged to register as early as possible . location and transportation : tzigov chark is situated on the shore of the beautiful batak lake in the western rhodope mountains and is 150km from sofia , the capital of bulgaria . the local organisers will provide a daily shuttle bus / conference taxi from sofia airport to the summer school location at an inexpensive rate . sofia is easily accessible by plane from most major european cities ( e . g . daily flights or several flights per week from london , frankfurt , paris , zurich , vienna and other european cities ) . there are also direct flights to sofia from north america ( new york , toronto ) and asia ( singapore , bangkok , kuala lumpur ) . in order to enable the local organisers to plan the shuttle service efficiently , please contact victoria arranz < victoria @ ccl . umist . ac . uk > with details about your journey ( arrival / departure time and date ) at least 2 weeks before you leave for the summer school . related events : conference participants are also invited to take part in the int . summer school """" contemporary topics in computational linguistics """" , which will take place immediately before the conference in the same hotel . further information about the conference can be obtained from : prof . r . mitkov < mitkov @ informatik . uni-hamburg . de > or nicolas nicolov < nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk > or you can have a look at the summer school www page at url : http : / / www . dai . ed . ac . uk / misc / nlp _ conf . html registration for the conference : kindly note that bank processing charges are at the expense of the participants and that registration after 1st august will incur a surcharge of 30 usd . international conference """" recent advances in natural language processing """" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration form name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration fee . . . . . : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 usd for industrial participants 140 usd for academic staff 100 usd for students accommodation + half-board : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 30 usd per day per person ) specify days - sept 1995 . : [ ] 13 , [ ] 14 , [ ] 15 , [ ] 16 , [ ] 17 additional charge for late registration . . . . : 30 usd ( after 1 august ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = total amount in usd sent . : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date of bank transfer . . . : 1995 bank transfer reference no : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to bank account ( tick one ) : [ ] bank . . . . : amex account no . : 00710 756 of first private bank pls , bulgaria instructions : for onward credit to first private bank , shoumen branch - nikolai nikolov account in usd : 95079620 4 1 00 2560 1 4 * or * [ ] bank . . . . : citibank new york account no . : 36015 992 of first private bank pls , bulgaria instructions : for onward credit to first private bank , shoumen branch - nikolai nikolov account in usd : 95079620 4 1 00 2560 1 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ send your registration forms to : nicolas nicolov dept of artificial intelligence university of edinburgh 80 south bridge , edinburgh eh1 1hn , uk fax : + 44-131 650 6516 phone : + 44-131 650 2727 e - mail : nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk
 "",0
 1560,""Subject: disc : the parameter of aspect
  
  """" on the parameter of aspect """" this posting continues the fruitful exchange subsequent to the initial book review of c . smith 's 1991 """" the parameter of aspect """" . in a follow-up to that review , i noted an alternative to smith 's proposal involving a simpler binary parameter for aspect that was in part the basis for my 1995 dissertation on the biblical hebrew verbal system ( u of toronto ) . smith 's reply pointed out the apparent empirical disconfirmation by mandarin and navajo ( treated in her work among others ) ; and this is where we pick up the thread . i do not grant the traditional analysis of navajo and especially mandarin chinese that is the basis of the objection ; nor do i grant the traditional analysis of the """" oriental """" languages including burmese , japanese , and above all , biblical hebrew representing the classical semitic systems . the earliest layer of the quasi-consensus on tense , mood and aspect ( tma ) , flowing from comrie 1976 , 1985 to present , is the early 19th century """" orientalist """" framework that posits ( a ) """" tenseless """" languages or """" inflectional aspect """" systems , and ( b ) a definition of """" perfectivity """" based on the ambiguity inherent in the concept of """" completion """" ( global view as well as relative past tense ) ; on """" oriental """" and """" orientalism """" , see e . g . , e . said 's """" orientalism """" 1978 . i reject the orientalist framework and the analysis of semitic systems which was extended to other """" oriental """" systems , which was extended worldwide to at least half of the world 's systems ; i indirectly reject the traditional analysis of mandarin and navajo . to clarify and make the discussion more concrete , i offer an analysis of english in the orientalist framework ( * please * do not take this seriously as an analysis of english ) . english , as all reputable authorities agree , is """" tenseless """" : it encodes only """" aspect """" ( cf . slavic systems ) . not only do we find arrested development , but actual regression from the robust classical aryan tma systems . english has but one distinction : - ed vs - s / - 0 , respectively perfective and imperfective . the perfective signals """" completion """" vs the non-completion of the imperfective . the severely impoverished system of english signals the regression of the anglo - american mind ( witness reagan and thatcher , etc . , etc . ) . we note several key elements that underlie all traditional analyses of so-called """" tenseless """" languages . 1 ) tma is encoded morphologically on the greek model or not at all : the """" morphocentric fallacy . """" 2 ) the perfective is defined as relative past tense ( bypassing the revolution in aspectology in the second half of the 1800s ) : the """" aorist fallacy . """" 3 ) the relative hierarchy of languages , with greek and sanskrit on top , semitic near the bottom , and now the creoles on the bottom , related to the relative development of """" mind """" and tied to a particular pre - darwinian interpretation of evolutionary theory . english is not tenseless , nor is biblical hebrew or quranic arabic , nor is japanese , nor burmese , nor turkish , nor indeed mohawk or haitian creole . they do differ from the standard european systems : they systematically differ with respect to aspect in mirror-image fashion . this difference is insightfully captured by cowper 's strong claim for a simple binary parameter for aspect : a system default 's for an aspectual interpretation of its simple tense system , either perfective or non-perfective . the aspect not """" defaulted for """" is separately encoded ( cross-linguistically in a limited number of ways ) . european """" tense """" systems default for the non-perfective ( apparently the minority or marked option ) ; non - european """" tenseless """" systems default for the perfective as does english . i simply extrapolate to a strong claim for universal grammar : all systems encode tense ( past vs non-past ; i do not grant a """" future tense """" ) , and at least irrealis / realis ; and in addition the basic system is configured by the binary parameter for aspect . virtually all systems outside of the european sphere default for the perfective according to my studies ; and i assume that is the unmarked setting for ug . the major diagnostic among many is the ( non - ) obligatory expression of the progressive : the perfective default must separately encode the progressive . e . g . , mandarin must express the progressive by the zai v construction ( lit . """" at v """" ) : it defaults for the perfective . navajo and apparently the athabaskan family as a whole default for the non-perfective ( with algonquian systems , the only real pocket of european - like non-perfective defaulters ) . this work is summarized in my """" tenseless languages in light of an aspectual parameter for universal grammar : a preliminary cross - linguistic survey """" , forthcoming fall 1995 , toronto working papers in linguistics . this does not mean that individual lexica cannot increase the complexity of the system , nor that the many interactions between tma and lexical classes are not also parameterized . i ' m only talking about the basic configuration of the tma system for ug . smith is right to point to great complexity inherent in the systems she described in her last posting . re mandarin . the difficulty is what counts as """" inflection """" , and whether """" inflection """" is not infl of standard theorizing . i recognize mandarin - le as inflection ; but not - guo , - zhe ( smith does not mention v - ( yi - ) v , nor does she include v1-v2 compounds ) . the literature i use is divided on the morphosyntactic status of - guo . but - zhe , i think , does not in any way behave as """" inflection """" : see among many sources , li , thompson , """" the meaning and structure of complex sentences with - zhe in mandarin chinese """" jaos 96 . 4 ( 1976 ) . it certainly is not a """" progressive """" ; but is perhaps some sort of """" adjectivalization """" . re navajo . i think the jury is still out on these systems . but rice 's work on slave indicates the lexical nature of several classes of morphemes in the athabaskan verb complex . there is indeed a great deal of complexity here . and since athabaskan is really the only system that does not fall out naturally from my proposal , it deserves great attention . either the whole project falls through , or we learn something interesting about athabaskan systems , or the proposal gets modified in an interesting way : who knows . we learn nothing without strong claims . in summary : i reject any analysis that is """" tenseless """" ; and / or defines perfectivity in terms of relative past tense ( with comrie 1976 ) . these views embedded in the current consensus on tma can be easily traced to the early 1800s and the work on hebrew and arabic . i reject that early framework ( and the not-so - pretty cultural baggage that goes with it ) . in its place i place cowper 's binary aspectual parameter default , and extend the proposal not only to the other """" oriental """" systems but to a strong claim for ug 's tma system . according to my surveys , the only real problem is what to do with athabaskan systems : a project for the near future ( i hope ) . i note that many proposals under other approaches would benefit from the reduction and simplification of terms , concepts , etc . e . g . , bybee et al 's system can be streamlined ; and symmetries emerge that appear amenable to explanation . descriptive / typological work is put on a better footing as well . respectfully , vincent decaen c / o near eastern studies dept 4 bancroft ave . , 3d floor university of toronto toronto on m5s 1a1 canada or decaen @ epas . utoronto . ca
 "",0
 1561,""Subject: tok masta - an addition to summary
  
  this mail is an addition to the summary of sources on tok masta , foreigner talk ( ? ) of new guinea , which i not long time ago . the message was not in - cluded in the summary , because of a few problems with my adress . it seems very relevant to the subject to me - thanks a lot to robert mannell < robert . mannell @ mq . edu . au """" > for sending it : > i do n't have any references , but when i was in papua new guinea in 1974 / 75 > i often heard this term . i spent several months trekking in the new guinea > central highlands . the term was sometimes used by local people in response > to hearing english being spoken and was sometimes used when tok pisin ( then > called tok pidgin ) was being spoken poorly by a native speaker of english . > in this second case the form of tok pisin being spoken was strongly > contaminated by australian english pronunciation and by the use of extra > english words which were not then current in tok pisin ( what effect this > had on the subsequent development of tok pisin vocabulary i do not know ) . > > to summarize : > tok masta = = english tok masta = = heavily anglicised tok pisin ( whic h may have sounded > like english to the local people ) you may recall > various studies of the english - creole continuum in > jamaica where """" broad """" creole speakers believed that > their somewhat anglicised creole was actually > english . > tok masta = = any other non - png language being spoken by a > european ( ? ? ? ) this is possible , but i do n't > recall ever hearing it used this way . > > other terms that i heard which also referred to english were : - > tok place bilong masta > place tok bilong masta > > """" tok place """" and """" place tok """" appeared to be used interchangeably and referred > to the local language at the place of birth of the person being referred to . > this term , when used generically , distinguished between the lingua franca , tok > pisin and the person 's own first language . therefore , it can be assumed that > the use of the term """" tok place bilong masta """" was intended to mean the language > spoken at the place of birth of the foreigner . > > the term """" masta """" was always a term that i had great difficulty with when i > was in png . on a number of occasions i asked local speakers what they thought > the word meant . in no cases did they associate the word with meanings similar > to the english word """" master """" and simply saw it as a term for male europeans or > """" white skins """" as they called us ( less formally ) . it may be that local people > working on plantations in areas such as new britain may have used the word > differently as in such regions the europeans were very much more in control . > in the central highlands the people were extremely independant . they did > have some experience of working for europeans however but in such cases the > correct term for their employer was usually """" boss """" or """" boss man """" ( a term > also used to refer to village elders ) . the term """" masta """" was reserved as a > generic term for all europeans , not just their employers . """" masta """" could be > used to refer to europeans in the abstract , to a particular group of europeans , > or ( in my experience , most commonly ) as a form of address to a specific > european ( eg i was often greeted as follows : - """" api nun masta """" = > """" good afternoon < masta > """" ) > > i hope this is of some use to you . > > regards > > dr robert h . mannell > speech , hearing and language research centre > macquarie university > sydney , nsw , 2109 , australia . > e-mail : robert . mannell @ mq . edu . au
 "",0
 1562,""Subject: 
  
  mitwpl is happy to announce the publication of two new volumes ! scil vi , proceedings of the sixth annual student conference in linguistics , university of rochester , new york . chris giordano and daniel ardron ( eds ) . mit working papers in linguistics # 23 . 336 pp , $ 12 + p / h ( $ 2 in us , else $ 3 ) . mitwpl , 20d-219 mit , cambridge , ma , 02139 , usa - mitwpl @ mit . edu . babyonyshev , m , r fein , j ganger & s avrutin ; bakovic , e ; boster , c tenny ; brown , k leigh ; buering , d ; dimitriadis , a ; elordieta , g ; han , e ; hartmann , k & d buering ; jimenez , m - l ; lee , s ; lopez , l ; nunes , j ; oshita , h ; poulin , c ; ramos - santacruz , m ; ura , h ; varlokosta , s . formal approaches to japanese linguistics 1 , proceedings of the may 1994 mit conference . mit working papers in linguistics # 24 , masatoshi koizumi and hiroyuki ura ( eds ) . 411 pp , $ 15 + p / h ( $ 2 in us , else $ 3 ) . send checks to mitwpl , 20d-219 mit , cambridge , ma , 02139 , usa . e-mail : mitwpl @ mit . edu aikawa , t ; aoyagi , h ; brockett , c ; dubinsky , s ; endo , y ; kato , y ; kawashima , r ; kikuchi , a , m oishi , & n yusa ; kimura , n ; kitahara , h ; koizumi , m ; nakamura , a ; nakayama , m ; saito , m ; sakai , h ; sohn , k - w ; tsujimura , n ; ura , h ; venditti , j & h yamashita ; watanabe , s .
 "",0
 1563,""Subject: summary : polish phonology
  
  not too long ago i posted a request for polish informants who were also linguists in the hope of getting some quick responses to some questions about polish phonology which are not fully addressed in the literature . the response has been tremendous . since the details may not be of interest , and since i am not sure if all respondents want their names used , i will summarize as follows : most respondents report having a contrast between the sequences [ k ' e ] and [ kje ] as well as [ g ' e ] and [ gje ] , where by [ k ' ] and [ g ' ] i mean a fronted velar probably not quite as front as ipa [ c ] , though . a minority of respondents report no contrast , which is apparently the result of a very recent and presumably spreading sound change . of those speakers who do have the contrast , most report also having a similar contrast between [ x ' e ] and [ xje ] sequences , although one or two do not . it is this last contrast , [ x ' e ] vs . [ xje ] ( both distinct also from [ xe ] ) which is of special interest because in attested forms it only appears before one suffix , a rather peculiar one at that . the suffix is spelled - ewicz and it forms last names such as stankiewicz or banachiewicz . it is also clear that such names come from eastern poland , and that the [ x ' e ] pronunciation is thus a borrowing into standard polish from some eastern dialects and ultimately from east slavic ( belorussian / ukrainian ) . synchronically , however , it is a genuine contrast and one of special interest to those phonologists who are interested in the universals governing the possible systems of contrasts ( e . g . , in lexical phonology 's structure preservation , ) . great thanks to everybody who has responded so far . once i verify whether i am authorized to publicize people 's names i will post a """" nonymous """" acknowledgement . any additional information on this topic would be welcome . alexis mr
 "",0
 1564,""Subject: < ot > programme tilburg conference
  
  derivational residue in phonology program tilburg university conference on the derivational residue in phonology 5 - 7 october 1995 october 5 1995 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 : 00-11 : 00 rene kager ( ots , utrecht ) surface opacity of metrical structure in optimality theory 11 : 00-12 : 00 c . orhan orgun ( u . c . berkeley ) a declarative theory of phonology - morphology interleaving 13 : 00-14 : 00 nancy ritter ( new york university ) a non - derivational approach to compensatory lengthening 14 : 00-15 : 00 laura benua ( university of massachusetts ) identity effects in morphological truncation 15 : 30-16 : 30 chris golston ( heinrich - heine - universitaet duesseldorf ) against syllabification 16 : 30-17 : 30 stuart davies ( indiana university ) some matters regarding the derivational residue october 6 1995 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 : 00-11 : 00 mark hewitt and patricia a . shaw ( university of british columbia ) cyclicity in ot : double reduplication in st ' at ' imcets 11 : 00-12 : 00 caroline r . wiltshire ( university of florida ) abandoning the lexical / postlexical derivation : an argument from syllabification 13 : 00-14 : 00 geert booij ( vrije universiteit amsterdam ) lexical phonology and the derivational residue 14 : 00-15 : 00 mary bradshaw ( ohio state university ) unrecoverable origins 15 : 30-16 : 30 mark verhijde ( ots ) derivedness and optimality theory 16 : 30-17 : 30 eugene buckley ( university of pennsylvania ) cyclicity and correpsondence october 7 1995 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 : 00-11 : 00 matthew chen ( ucsd ) directionality : constraints on derivation ? 11 : 00-12 : 00 san duanmu ( university of michigan ) alignment and the cycle are different 13 : 00-14 : 00 john alderete ( university of massachusetts ) faithfulness to prosodic heads 14 : 00-15 : 00 charles reiss ( harvard & boston university ) stepwise assimilation and optimality theory 15 : 30-16 : 30 r . ruth roberts - kohno ( ohio state university ) derivationalism in kikamba vowel hiatus phenomena 16 : 30-17 : 30 bruce hayes ( ucla ) post - nasal voicing in phonetically driven optimality theoretic phonology alternates - - - - - - - - - krisztina polgardi ( hil , leiden ) derived environment effects and optimality theory k . g . vijayakrishnan ( hyderabad ) phonological rule application at the word level organisation - - - - - - - - - - - participants ( except for speakers ) are expected to pay a fee of 50 dutch guilders . preregistration ( with m . voostendorp @ kub . nl or b . j . h . hermans @ kub . nl ) is preferred but not required . since there will be an international ice hockey tournament in tilburg during the week of the conference , most hotels are already overbooked and it is advisable for participants from abroad to get in touch with us as soon as possible .
 "",0
 1565,""Subject: re : 6 . 959 , disc : he / she
  
  my message 6 . 959 , disc he / she , that was posted this past week , demonstrates that orthographical thorns do not send . i have replaced them with th - . also , middle english or piers plowman scholars who would like more lines from piers and the pronoun paradigms , please e-mail me . also , can someone summarize the patridominance in language theory of catherine callaghan ? + + + + + + + [ former post with thorns replaced ] dear linguist list subscribers , for the continuing discussion of the pronouns , i have some lines of data from the 17 manuscripts of the a - version of piers plowman . they can generally be said to be representative of 15th century usage . is it not strongly suggested in the lines that """" proverbial he """" , and perhaps the """" original """" morphology of the so called """" generic-he """" , was feminine , not masculine ? what a strange thing to say ! can this be accurate ? looking at the middle english pronouns , using the modern paradigm to evaluate them , is misleading and inconclusive . when the development of middle english """" his """" or """" him """" is evaluated without taking into consideration their development from old english morphology , much of the story is lost - - that these two """" masculine """" forms were also neuter , and in this later sense ( """" not one or the other """" ) , served well for the indefinite singular - - by way of development from the oe masculine / neuter obliques ; and the feminine forms were morphologically related to the plural . in the following lines , the h-stem subject is the feminine ( / plural ) , not the masculine . am i wrong ? ( playing for a moment the devil 's advocate ) do n't these lines below fly in the face of feminist theory as it sees the """" he """" """" stealing cognitive space """" , whereas in fact , they are feminine forms ? i would like to have some feminist theory input about these lines of evidence . if so-goes - the-language , so-goes - the-culture ( a la whorf ) , what can we make of the """" hers """" = """" theirs """" identity found widespread in middle english morpholgy , and what can we say about the """" proverbial he """" in the following being feminine ? is there anybody strong in feminist theory , particulary a feminist him - / herself , who can discuss this in the general forum ? is my understanding correct that feminist history sees the h-stem feminine as having dropped from living english by 1300 ? please help . do not hesitate to contact me personally about any aspects of this , pro , con , or indifferent . lines from piers ( * = unavailable character ) passus iii line 229 a ch and he that gripeth gifts , so [ ? ] god helpe , d and ho so gripeth here gifts , so me god helpe , e thai that grypith such gifts , sa me god helpe , h but he that gripeth siche 3eftis , so me god helpe , h2 and he that grypes here gifts , so me god helpe , h3 j and he that gripith mede , so me god helpe , k and thay thatat grepyn her gifts , so me god helpe , l and ho that gripeth heore 3eftes , so me god helpe , m and 3e that grypit here 3iftis , so me god helpe , n and he that gripeth 3e gift , so me god helpe , r and he that grypyt 3oure gifts , so me god helpe , t and he that gripith here gifts , so me god helpe , u and he that gripeth here gold , so me god helpe , v and heo that 3iftus heore gifts , so me god helpe , w he that gripeth here 3eftes , so me god helpe passus iii line 230 a schul ab * e [ abide ] it full bitterly or ellis the bok lyeth ch shal ab * e bitterly or the bok lie * th d shal ab * e it bitterly or the bok lyeth e sall ab * e it full bytter as the buke tellis h he schal abigge it bitterly or ellis the bok li * eth h2 shal ab * e it biterly or the bok lyeth h3 shal ab * e it bitterly or the bok li * eth j schulun abugge wel bitterly or the bok lyeth k schallen abigge hit wel bitterly or the bok lyeth l shal ab * e hit wel bytter or ellis the bok lyeth m scholyn abiggyn wol bytter or the bok liet n shal ab * e hit wel bitterly ar the bok lyeth r shal ab * e ful bitterly or the bok lyes t shal ab * ie it bitterly or the bok li * eth u shal ab * e ful bitere or the bok lyes v thei schullen abugge bitterly or the bok li * eth w shal ab * e it bitterly or the bok ly
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 1566,""Subject: summary
  
  dear all , i send you a summary of the answers i got for my query on spanish corpora . my apologies for the repetitions : i have n't got the time to really """" summarize """" . ta . yours , albert llorens spanish - english development group incyta , s . a . c . lluis muntadas 5 08940 cornella de llobregat barcelona spain e-mail : albert @ incyta . es _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ there 's a cd-rom edited by the european corpus initiative which includes a number of texts in several european languages . among others it includes cee law in spanish , english and portugese , or a xerox manual in english and spanish . a somewhat more detailed account of the contents of this cd-rom follows : european corpus initiative corpora available on cd-rom : eci1 / mul06 / msp06 / spa16a : information technology , eu , 26 , 000 words eci1 / spa02a - j : el diario sur , local newspaper from malaga , belongs to national publisher , in existence for 40 years . different writing styles , 500 , 000 words . eci2 / mul04 / msp04a - j : telecommunication user manual , several 100 , 000 words . eci2 / mul09 / spa19a : xerox scanworx user manual , 45 , 000 words . eci2 / mul12 / msp12 / msp12a - c : civil law , switzerland , 600 , 000 words . eci4 / spa03 : minimally processed by eci ; contains errors and duplication but the clean and fc files seem to be clean . el diario vasco , newspaper clean files , news , few errors , 300 , 000 words fc files , 177 , 000 words _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ apart from the eci cd-rom there are the following corpora available : ftp lola . lllf . uam . es / pub / corpus / argentina 2 million words / pub / corpus / chile 2 millions words fernando sanchez leon , laboratorio de linguistica informatica : the crater project : itu corpus in the process of postediting . trilingual ( french / english / spanish ) corpus has more than 3 million words and is the so-called """" white book on telecommunications """" released by the international telecommunications union . fernando et al are working with a 1 - million word subcorpus , which will also be postedited . this corpus , along with the tagger developed for its tagging and all the resources associated with the tagger will be in the public domain in october 1995 . there is a lexicon with + 35 , 000 words ( full forms , not lemmas ) , part-of - speech annotated , that can be used as a starting point in lexicon-building tasks . the national newspaper abc has just released a cd-rom with last year 's literary supplement that can be purchased for under $ 50 . + 4 million words of clean , high-quality written text . archivo digital de manuscritos y textos espa = a4oles available on cd-rom . charles faulhaber , dept . of spanish & portuguese , u of california , berkeley . the eu multext project of collecting a corpus which will contain parallel texts from the european parliament and financial newspaper articles ( spanish from expansion newspaper ) . still finalizing licence agreements for these data . the relator language resources server , supports distribution of nlp resources . currently available through relator speech and text corpora , lexicons , nlp programs and tools , and related databases and systems . ftp : / / de . relator . research . ec . org / relator afs : / / afs / research . ec . org / projects / relator multilingual web pages : http : / / www . xx . relator . research . ec . org ( xx = 3dtwo - letter country codes of the eu countries such as de , uk , etc . ) only speech materials . briscoe et al paper reports a 17 , 000 - word tagged corpus . ( this is all the info i have on this paper . ) ftp : / / parcftp . xerox . com / pub / tagger spanish tagger , implemented in common lisp . comes with documentation , works very well . if you need to install common lisp to run it , several good free implementations at http : / / www . cs . rochester . edu / users / staff / miller / alu . html . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a last report . > 1 . / pub / corpus / : a . oral corpus of spanish ( 7 mb , about 2 , 000 , 000 words ) > b . some written corpora of south american spanish > > 2 . the lds is the best source , but joining costs money . > > 3 . the oxford text archive > 13 banbury road > oxford ox2 6nn > fax : + 44 865 273275 > > catalogue of over 1300 titles , available in paper > or electronic form on the oxford vax cluster as ox $ doc : textarchive . list and > ox $ textarchive . sgml , from various listservers , e . g . , listserv @ brownvm ( send > the mail message get humanist filelist for details ) , by anonymous ftp from > internet site ota . ox . ac . uk ( 163 . 1 . 2 . 4 ) in the directory pub / ota / public . > also , wherever you are , you can send a note to archive @ vax . oxford . ac . uk > specifying which form you want . > > spanish > > a . literary works , poems . > > 4 . 1066108 words ( approx . ) > origin : grupo eurotra , universidad autonoma de madrid > contact : manuel campos , eurotrac @ ccuam3 . sdi . uam . es or > fernando sanchez leon , laboratorio de l > available : publically via anonymous ftp , node lola . lllf . uam . es , > directory pub / corpus > contents : transcriptions of spoken language ( conferences , conversations , etc . ) > > 5 . 121051 words ( approx . ) > origin : childes ( child language data exchange system ) database , carnegie mellon > univ . > contact : brian macwhinney , brian @ andrew . cmu . edu > available : publically , previous communication with brian macwhinney > contents : database of corpora of parent-child and child-child interactions > from children speaking . > > 6 . 9 , 000 , 000 words ( approx . ) > origin : this is the european corpus initiative multilingual corpus i cd-rom > cost : 20 pounds > contact : eucorp @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk > available : all use of this corpus is subject to a licence agreement > the cd-rom is available in the us from the linguistic data consortium ( ldc ) , > for members of the ldc or those making a bulk purchase , and otherwise from > elsnet , 2 buccleuch place , edinburgh eh8 9lw , scotland . the cost from elsnet > is 20 uk pounds plus postage , handling and tax where applicable . ordering > procedure is detailed in > > http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / elsnet / eci . html > > 7 . university of barcelona : spoken corpus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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 1567,""Subject: jobs in japanese and chinese
  
  the university of otago ( dunedin , new zealand ) invites applications for the following positions in japanese and chinese . interested people should contact the person designated in the advertisements that follow , not the messenger . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( a ) lecturer / senior lecturer in japanese applications are invited for the position of lecturer / senior lecturer in japanese within the school of languages . applicants should have native or near-native fluency in both japanese and english ; experience in teaching advanced japanese to english - speaking students at tertiary level ; and research and teaching expertise in either japanese linguistics , or in a field of japanese literature , film , and / or drama . in addition , candidates will need the following : for appointment to a senior lectureship , a phd together with a substantial record of publications ; and for a lectureship , a completed or near-completed phd . the successful applicant will be responsible for teaching japanese language and topics relating to the area of his or her expertise at appropriate levels . the appointee will also be expected to pursue and supervise research in the area of their expertise . appointment will be at an appropriate step on the lecturer 's scale , $ nz37 , 440 - $ nz45 , 448 per annum , or the senior lecturer 's scale , $ nz46 , 800 - nz $ 67080 . the position is available from 1 december 1995 , and it is hoped that the successful applicant will be able to assume responsibilities as close as possible to that date . specific enquiries may be directed to professor a . g . fox , head , school of languages , university of otago , ( fax no ( 64 ) ( 3 ) 479-8689 ; e-mail agfox @ gandalf . otago . ac . nz ) , or from the registrar , mr d . w . girvan , university of otago , p . o . box 56 , dunedin , new zealand ( fax no ( 64 ) ( 3 ) 474 1607 ) . applications quoting reference number a / close with the registrar on 31 august 1995 . equal opportunity in employment is university policy . ( b ) lecturer in chinese applications are invited for the position of lecturer in chinese within the school of languages . applicants should have native or near-native fluency in both chinese and english , and experience of teaching chinese at tertiary level . ability to lecture fluently in english is essential . in addition , candidates should have a completed or near-completed phd in an area of chinese language , literature , or culture , together with a record of research publications . preference may be given to candidates with expertise in classical chinese . the successful applicant will be responsible for teaching courses in chinese language and civilization at undergraduate level , in the first instance . the appointee will also be expected to pursue research in the area of his or her expertise . appointment will be at an appropriate step on the lecturer 's scale , $ nz37 , 440 - $ nz45 , 448 per annum . the position is available from 1 february 1996 , and it is hoped that the successful applicant will be able to assume responsibilities as close as possible to that date . specific enquiries may be directed to professor a . g . fox , head , school of languages , university of otago , ( fax no ( 64 ) ( 3 ) 479-8689 ; e-mail agfox @ gandalf . otago . ac . nz ) , or from the registrar , mr d . w . girvan , university of otago , p . o . box 56 , dunedin , new zealand ( fax no ( 64 ) ( 3 ) 474 1607 ) . applications quoting reference number a / close with the registrar on 31 august 1995 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",0
 1568,""Subject: job announcement
  
  job announcement department of foreign languages and literatures national chiao tung university hsinchu , taiwan , roc the department plans to fill a number of teaching positions in the following fields : 1 . anglo - american literature , literature and film , identity politics or postcolonialism . 2 . computational linguistics , cognitive science , phonology or phonetics . appointees will be required to conduct individual and collaborative research , teach specialized as well as language proficiency courses ( including translation ) , participate in curriculum development . and perform some administrative duties . candidates must have ph . d . degrees by the time of appointment , which is scheduled for august , 1995 . appointments will be made at the ranks of assistant professorship ( pending government approval ) , associate professorship , or professorship . salaries wil be based on the government pay scale , and commensurate with qualifications and experience . letters of application , brief statements of current reserach , c . v ( including names , addresses , telephone or fax numbers of 3 referees ) should be sent to : professor ying - hsiung - chou chair , dept . of foreign lang . & lit . 1001 ta hsueh road , hsinchu taiwan 30050 , roc for inquiry , please contact the department : telephone : 886-35 - 712121 ext . 58100 fax : 886-35 - 726037 email : cptsai @ cc . nctu . edu . tw deadline of application : feb . 28 , 1995 .
 "",0
 1569,""Subject: re : 6 . 943 , disc : non - decimal counting systems
  
  members may be interested in the work of dr glendon lean ( a past colleague of mine in png ) who passed away in march this year after recording his work of 22 years on the counting systems of papua new guinea and oceania . he documented in 24 appendices ( bound in four volumes ) counting systems of over 883 languages , most of which were not a simple base 10 cycle . on top of this , his thesis also suggested that the origins of counting systems are to be found in indigenous cultures and while they were spread they may have also spontaneously developed . he included records of body tally systems in which numbers were also used for parts of the body in an orderly system ; cycles of every number up to ten except seven and nine ( i think from memory ) with many having secondary cycles . he covered austronesian languages and papuan languages . printed copies of the volumes of appendices are available from chris wilkins , dept . of mathematics and statistics , png university of technology , lae , private mail bag , papua new guinea . professor alan bishop , education , monash university melbourne is also able to assist with information on this . i am hoping to look at some further mathematical connections in languages in east timor . if anyone has any information on this , could you please email me . thank you , dr kay owens , faculty of education , university of western sydney , macarthur , po box 555 , campbelltown , nsw 2560 australia .
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 1570,""Subject: re : struck out by nomo
  
  the symbol k was used in early baseball box scores , indicating that the batter had struck out . this abbreviation was probably originated around 1850 by henry chadwick who """" introduced the newspaper box score so that one player 's performance could be fairly measured against another 's . """" chadwick was a british born newspaperman who is described in ken burns ' baseball as baseball 's """" chief arbiter , publicist , and goad """" who was the country 's first baseball editor , working for the new york clipper and for the brooklyn eagle for nearly fifty years . he also wrote chadwick 's baseball manual that standardized the rules , etc . of the early game . ( this information comes from my baseball informant , chris hakala , and the narrative transcript of geoffrey ward & ken burns ' _ baseball _ published by knopf , 1994 . ) john limber department of psychology university of new hampshire , durham nh 03824 , usa email : john . limber @ unh . edu fax ( 603 ) - 862-4986
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 1571,""Subject: re : banning of german
  
  while flipping through random books at the linguistics library , i fell over something that would be interesting to this discussion . i have n't been following this thread , so this might have been mentioned before . i found a reference to the us supreme court reports , 1922 october term , meyer vs . nebraska , p . 392 - - 403 in steinberg ( 1993 ) an introduction to psycholinguistics , longman . i ' ll quote the passage in full , as it is so well written . it 's in the beginning of chapter 8 . """" in may of 1920 , in hamilton county , nebraska , a rural area of the united states , a teacher , mr robert meyer , was arrested for violating state law . mayer had been teaching bible stories in german at zion parochial school to a 10 - year-old boy . nebraska law forbade the teaching of a second language to children under the age of 13 . not only nebraska but 21 other states as well prohibited the teaching of foreign languages , except 'd ead ' languages such as latin and greek . according to nebraska 's 1919 siman act , ' no person . . . shall teach any subject to any person in any language other than the english language . languages other than english may be taught only after a pupil shall have . . . passed the eighth grade . . . . any person who violates any of the provisions of this act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and , upon conviction , shall be subject to a fine of not less than twenty-five dollars ( $ 25 ) , nor more than one hundred dollars ( $ 100 ) or be confined in the county jail for any period not exceeding thirty days for each offense . ' if found guilty , meyer could have been fined or even sent to jail . the states had passed these laws essentially with the german language as the target , america had just finished a war with germany and there was a hatred of germany and things german , particularly its military values , ideals and political institutions . the law reflected the widespread belief that the german language was the embodiment of all that was evil in german culture and that to teach such a language to young americans would be immoral and corrupting . meyer decided to appeal his case to the supreme court of the state of nebraska . ironically , lawyers for the state of nebraska took essentially the position presented in the german language by the german philosopher , wilhelm von humboldt , in 1836 . that is , a language by its very nature represents the spirit and national character of a people . if this were true , then by teaching them the grammar , structure and vocabulary of the german language , meyer could indeed have been harming american children by making them into german militarists right there on the plains of nebraska . the nebraska supreme court denied meyer 's appeal , but meyer did not submit . he then took his case to the highest court in the country , the united states supreme court , where he won his case . that court overturned his conviction and declared unconstitutional all laws in the united states which forbade the teaching of a foreign language . in its 1922 ruling the court stated as one basis for its decision . ' mere knowledge of the german language cannot reasonably be regarded as harmful . ' we see in this story that a seemingly purely theoretical issue can have very practical consequences in everyday life . in making a legal decision on the matter , the court also made a psycholinguistic decision , on the relationship of language , thought and culture . was the court correct ? it is this question that we shall now consider . '
 "",0
 1572,""Subject: on language and separatism
  
  on linguist vol-6 - 955 , jelly julia ( julia @ let . rug . nl ) says : """" basque and catalan separatism is not based on language . why do we never hear """" anything about galician separatism on the iberian peninsula ? galician is a """" language very different from spanish ( and not so different from portuguese ) . """" the name of the region is galicia and is part of spain . galician is a language """" much older than spanish itself : it was used for poetry and by the kings in """" ancient times . still , we do not hear a lot about galician separatism . neither """" do we hear anything about leonese separatism , aragonese separatism , andalusian """" separatism , simply because it does not exist . separatism on the peninsula has """" nothing to do with language . it has everything to do with historic rights of """" old kingdoms . galician separatism exists . it just simply does n't reach the news because galician separatists ( a minority ) have n't killed people , even though they ' ve tried to on a couple of occasions . on the contrary , galician separatists ( and federalists ) have been killed by the spanish army and police ( during franco 's uprising and regime ) . there are galician separatists in the jails of the spanish kingdom . the spiral of stret and institutional violence is benefitial to the western democratic states . separatism in the iberian peninsula , as elsewhere , has to do with the way peoples view ( or are led to view ) their own identity in opposition to other identities . language is most often , if not always , an issue . as for galiza , to the extent that the spanish state is able to keep the lid on the language issue by taming the language of galiza ( portuguese ) and turning it into a domestic """" galician """" , no problem - - galiza won't reach the news . galiza , as many other minorized cultures of the world , is caught between two states : spain and portugal . what the kingdom of spain and , particularly , its representatives in galiza ( the majority of the local political and intellectual elites ) can't cope with is the fact that another state 's language , portuguese , is spoken ( and written as such , by a small fraction of the elites ) within spanish territory . legislative , administrative , and judicial measures have been taken to silence some intellectuals , writers , and teachers who support , with rational arguments , the view that """" galician """" is just a set of regional and social varieties of portuguese , and therefore it should be written with the portuguese orthography . these acts of actual repression , discrimination and censorship by the mechanisms of the spanish state do n't reach the news either . the situation of the """" language question """" in galiza nowadays is the furthest one could imagine from a civilized , technical and political debate on how to articulate and reconcile galician identity / ies with galiza 's language . it is discouraging and worrisome to see how the term """" reintegrationist """" , which refers to those who seek the effective recognition of galician as a part of its natural linguistic domain , portuguese , is being thrown around as an insult in public and academic discourse . i should clarify that the separatist / reintegrationist lines intersect each other . that is , there are galician separatists or nationalists who are reintegrationists and use the portuguese orthography , and then there are other separatists and nationalists who are very happy with the institutionally-supported view of galician as a """" separate language """" to be written , however , with a spanish - based orthography . in the meantime , galician portuguese is being learned less and less as a first language . but that 's not the real issue . celso alvarez - caccamo lxalvarz @ udc . es
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 1573,""Subject: sum : had better
  
  dear linguists , on behalf of my friend , i asked you to check the sentences about _ had better not _ , _ had better not _ , etc . here are his summary below . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * at the end of may , i raised a query about the acceptability of the following sentences . ( 1 ) you had n't better stay here tonight . ( 2 ) you had not better stay here tonight . ( 3 ) a : i promise i ' ll pay you back . b : you better had . to my surprise , soon after my posting , i got as many as 64 reposes . thank you very much for answering my query . i had n't expected so may people were interested on this matter . i think i should mention all the names and e-mail addresses , but there are far too many to mention . if you feel this is inadequet , please email to prof . tanaka to write your names on the list . i will immediately prepare for writing your names . the result of the inquiry is as follows : ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ok 10 0 12 ? 15 5 3 * 39 59 49 about two thirds of the respondents refused these usages and i can also add that these usages varies geometrically , especially british english , it seemed to me . i also asked for a few sentences using _ it ( or this ) had better . . . examples ( 4 ) , ( 5 ) and ( 6 ) below are typical instances of _ had better _ with inanimate subjects : ( 4 ) it had better not rain tomorrow or we can't got to the beach . ( 5 ) i spent all day working on the tv . it had better work now . ( 6 ) joe : i can explain why i am late . jane : this had better be good some people say that _ this had better be good _ is a cliche and in ( 6 ) it implies the speaker kas expectations that the excuse will be fanciful or just plain untrue . i would like to thank again to all the people who reponded . if you had any comments on this matter , please email through prof . tanaka to me . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * best wishes , hiroaki tanaka , associate professor , tokushima university , japan hiro-t @ ias . tokushima-u . ac . jp
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 1574,""Subject: email address ? ? ?
  
  dear linguists , does anyone know where can i get the email addresses of all ( or some ) the linguistics graduate schools in the us ? thanks for your kindly help sherman `
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 1575,""Subject: query : chomsky 's """" single mutation """"
  
  on page 43 of his 1977 paper ` language origin theories ' , in duane rumbaugh 's book _ language learning by a chimpanzee _ , gordon hewes asserts that chomsky has explicitly attributed the human language faculty to a single genetic mutation in our ancestors . he gives as his source """" chomsky ( 1967 ) """" , but , exasperatingly , neither this work nor any other work by chomsky is listed in his bibliography , nor is it obvious what work he might have been citing . can anyone point me to any places in chomsky 's writings ( or , indeed , in anyone else 's writings ) in which such a suggestion is explicitly made ? all i ' ve been able to find is chomsky 's repeated suggestions that our language faculty might have arisen as a by-product of other developments and hence as something not subject to natural selection , but that 's not quite the same thing . larry trask cogs university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh england larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk
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 1576,""Subject: ernest scatton
  
  hi . does anybody have an internet address of ernest scatton ? the bitnet address that i have ( escatton @ albnyvms . bitnet or equivalently escatton @ albnyvms ) is out of reach for my node . please send the answer to my personal address : bertinet @ sns . it thanks for your help . pier marco bertinetto scuola normale superiore , pisa
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 1577,""Subject: query repetitions
  
  i am writing for a graduate student who is not on the list . please send any answers directly to him . his address is at the end of the message . he 's interested in speakers ' noncorrective repetitions ( including paraphrases ) of their interlocutors ' utterances and utterance fragments , especially in educational contexts . if you know of any work on this subject or if have any hypotheses , please write to marinus stephan at stephan . 15 @ postbox . acs . ohio-state . edu . michael newman asst . professor of educational linguistics dept . of educational theory & practice the ohio state university
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 1578,""Subject: case studies needed
  
  dear colleagues , i ' m preparing to teach an introductory course in language variation , and i 'd like to get your help ( again ) . could you recommend any case studies , either from published sources or from your own experience , that would be appropriate for class discussion ? what i ' m looking for in a case study is a description of a real situation , preferably a somewhat controversial one . ideally , it would include some background information , a description of the conflicts involved , the sequence of events up to a point where a decision is needed , and a description of the actual decision taken . since the course is on language variation , relevant case studies would include anecdotes on discrimination in the workplace or in the educational system because of language choice or dialect choice , or cases involving difficult decisions in language planning or language legislation . i ' ve never used case studies before , so advice and comments are also welcome ! my address is mkuha @ silver . ucs . indiana . edu thanks for your help . mai kuha
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 1579,""Subject: sum : glosses with latex
  
  i got quite a number of replies to my query about latex style packages for linguistic glosses . the most widely used and perhaps best solutions ( my humble opinion ! ) are : covingtn . sty gb4e . sty , including cgloss . sty , a derivative of covingtn . sty both packages are available on ctan - servers ( latex users probably know what / where that is , otherwise try e . g . ftp . dante . de or www . dante . de ) . gb4e . sty redefines circumflexes and underline which may not be desired ( e . g . if you use esperant . sty ) . hope this information is useful . martin haase - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dr . martin haase mhaase @ dsouni1 . rz . uni-osnabrueck . de universitaet osnabrueck fb 7 phone : ( + 49 541 ) 969-4340 de-49069 osnabrueck fax : ( + 49 541 ) 969-4256 http : / / hal . cl-ki . uni-osnabrueck . de / ^ haase / ( ^ = tilde = % 7e ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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 1580,""Subject: sum : recursos para el espanol ( spanish resources )
  
  aqui envio un resumen de respuestas acerca de recursos linguisticos existentes para el espanol . here i send a summary of answers about available spanish resources . gracias a / thanks to : gerardo arrarte fernando sanchez leon ruthanna barnett alice carlberger rodrigo santurio james l . fidelholtz cesar romani joerge koch jose l . rodrigo martin beaumont franowsky steve halmreich eduardo a . martinez labrada mon alameda erik oltmans . . . and many more - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - el instituto cervantes , ente pu ' blico espan ~ ol dedicado principalmente a la difusio ' n en el mundo de la lengua espan ~ ola y de la cultura de los pueblos de habla hispana , lleva a cabo diversas actividades destinadas a fomentar la investigacio ' n de la lengua espan ~ ola . entre otras actividades relacionadas con el campo de la tecnologi ' a lingu """" i 's tica , estamos poniendo en marcha una oficina cuyo objetivo sera ' la promocio ' n de las industrias de la lengua aplicadas al espan ~ ol . para ello , se ha considerado esencial realizar una labor de recogida y diseminacio ' n de informacio ' n sobre actividades en curso y recursos lingu """" i 's ticos disponibles en distintos centros de investigacio ' n . hasta el momento , hemos realizado una encuesta sobre corpus de espan ~ ol existentes o en desarrollo en centros de investigacio ' n espan ~ oles , y hemos recogido los datos resultantes de esta encuesta en un informe de 56 pa ' ginas que tendre ' mucho gusto en hacerte llegar . en el futuro , esta ' previsto ampliar este inventario con datos correspondientes a otros tipos de recursos lingu """" i 's ticos , asi ' como con los procedentes de proyectos en marcha en otros pai 's es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : gerardo arrarte carriquiry : e - mail : : : programas de tecnologia linguistica : g . arrarte @ cervantes . es : : instituto cervantes : : : libreros , 23 : tel : + 34 1 885 62 03 : : e-28801 alcala de henares ( madrid ) : fax : + 34 1 883 50 10 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - el corpus itu est ' a disponible en el corpus de eci ( european corpus initiative ) , que puede conseguirse a trav ' es de la elsnet . la direcci ' on es la siguiente : email : elsnet @ let . ruu . nl mail : ots , trans 10 , 3512 jk , utrecht , the netherlands tel : + 31 30 53 6039 fax : + 31 30 53 6000 www : http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / elsnet / home . html es un corpus triling """" ue ( espa ~ nol , ingl ' es , franc ' es ) . la versi ' on que estamos elaborando nosotros incluye etiquetado morfosint ' actico , corregido a mano , de 1 mill ' on de palabras del corpus . esta versi ' on estar ' a en el dominio p ' ublico a partir de octubre de este a ~ no . asimismo , la versi ' on espa ~ nola del etiquetador de xerox estar ' a tambi ' en en el dominio p ' ublico en esa fecha . en nuestro laboratorio tenemos otros corpus , como habr ' as visto en la lista corpora ( te incluyo parte de un anuncio en ingl ' es ) : there are some spanish corpora that you can retrieve from our laboratory . they are all documented . the corpora can be downloaded from the following address : host : lola . lllf . uam . es login : anonymous password : < send your e-mail address > at this moment , we have a corpus of spoken spanish in orthographic transcription directory : pub / corpus / oral and a corpus of written spanish texts from argentine and chile directory : pub / corpus / argentina pub / corpus / chile all the corpora include texts in one of the topics you are interested in . note that the oral corpus is compressed using unix command ' compress ' while the other two are . zip files produced with dos compress utilities ( take a look at readme files ) . fernando sanchez leon fsanchez @ ccuam3 . uam . es - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - nota : mas informacion sobre el tagger de xerox se puede conseguir en : consortium for lexical research email : lexical @ crl . nmsu . edu ftp : / / clr . nmsu . edu ftp directory : members-only / tools / ling-analysis / syntax / xerox-tagger / this part-of - speech tagger , designed by doug cutting and jan pederson at xerox , was written in ansi common lisp . its development was done in franz allegro common lisp version 4 . 1 on sunos4 . x and macintosh common lisp 2 . 0p2 . the following code is provided : source code , a tokenizer for plain ascii english , an english lexicon enduced from the brown corpus , a table of mappings for word suffixes to likely ambiguity classes , and an hmm trained on the odd numbered sentences in the brown corpus . more info : info / xerox . o : ftp : / / parcftp . xerox . com / pub / tagger if you need to install common lisp to run it , several good free implementations at http : / / www . cs . rochester . edu / users / staff / miller / alu . html . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - european corpus initiative corpora available on cd-rom : eci1 / mul06 / msp06 / spa16a : information technology , eu , 26 , 000 words eci1 / spa02a - j : el diario sur , local newspaper from malaga , belongs to national publisher , in existence for 40 years . different writing styles , 500 , 000 words . eci2 / mul04 / msp04a - j : telecommunication user manual , several 100 , 000 words . eci2 / mul09 / spa19a : xerox scanworx user manual , 45 , 000 words . eci2 / mul12 / msp12 / msp12a - c : civil law , switzerland , 600 , 000 words . eci4 / spa03 : minimally processed by eci ; contains errors and duplication but the clean and f c files are clean ( ? ) el diario vasco , newspaper clean files , news , few errors , 300 , 000 words fc files , 177 , 000 words the national newspaper abc has just released a cd-rom with last year 's literary supplement that can be purchased for under $ 50 . + 4 million words of clean , high-quality written text . archivo digital de manuscritos y textos espa = a4oles available on cd-rom . charles faulhaber , dept . of spanish & portuguese , u of california , berkeley the eu multext project of collecting a corpus which will contain parallel texts from the european parliament and financial newspaper articles ( spanish from expansion newspaper ) . still finalizing licence agreements for these data . the relator language resources server , supports distribution of nlp resources . currently available through relator speech and text corpora , lexicons , nlp programs and tools , and related databases and systems . ftp : / / de . relator . research . ec . org / relator = 0d afs : / / afs / research . ec . org / projects / relator multilingual web pages : http : / / www . xx . relator . research . ec . org ( xx = 3dtwo - letter country codes of the eu countries such as de , uk , etc . ) only speech materials . = 0d alice carlberger alice @ speech . kth . se - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - we have been working on a spanish to english machine translation system and so have access to a large corpus of spanish text and have developed a tagger for general newspaper articles . although the tagger uses proprietary information ( collins spanish - english on-line dictionary ) , we will shortly make the results available on-line . that is , you will be able to e-mail spanish texts and they will be returned tagged with part of speech . steve helmreich shelmrei @ crl . nmsu . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hola ; soy el coautor de un diccionario de frecuencias del castellano . . . . mon alameda cmsfi52 @ vmesa . cpd . uniovi . es - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - quizas pueda serte util la lista terminometro electronico en espanhol . la direccion de la lista es latin-te @ frmop11 . cnusc . fr el servidor electonico de la lista es listserv @ frmop11 . cnusc . fr martin beaumont franowsky beaumont @ desco . org . pe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - desde hace mucho existe el trabajo de el colegio de me ' xico ( el diccionario del espan ~ ol de me ' xico ) , proyecto cuyo investigador principal es luis fernando lara . e ' l tiene cuenta en internet , pero no la tengo a la mano , asi ' que te doy su direccio ' n de snail-mail : dr . luis fernando lara dem el colegio de me ' xico camino al ajusco me ' xico , d . f . me ' xico . han hecho recuentos por frecuencia segu ' n un corpus de aproximadamente 2 millones ( si no mal recuerdo ) de palabras , y tienen un programa de asignacio ' n de palabras segu ' n su parte de la oracio ' n . james l . fidelholtz jfidel @ udlapvms . pue . udlap . mx jfidel @ unm . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nosotros tratamos corpus de lengua de gran tamano , y hemos creado herramientas para la extraccion de informacion linguistica : - programa de busqueda y extraccion automatica de lemas con su contexto : real - programa de segmentacion y etiquetado morfologico de lemas , smorph . jose l . rodrigo + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + jose @ gril . univ-bpclermont . fr gril : groupe de recherche dans les industries de la langue universite blaise pascal - clermont ii 34 av . carnot , f - 63037 clermont - ferrand cedex + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + rodrigo @ eucmax . sim . ucm . es facultad de filologia universidad complutense de madrid - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - you might want to check out the agfl grammar worklab which also contains a small grammar for the spanish noun phrase . the author , paula maria santalla , can be contacted through paula @ cs . kun . nl . the url of the agfl home page is : http : / / www . cs . kun . nl / agfl / erik oltmans department of computer science university of nijmegen nijmegen , the netherlands http : / / www . cs . kun . nl / agfl / eriko - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the autonomous university of nuevo leon college of medicine , monterrey , mexico and california state university at fullerton ( csuf ) make available """" spanish 92 """" ( the first 2 , 000 most frequent words of spanish ) based on espa ~ nol 92 ( e92 ) , computational linguistic analysis of a million - word corpus of contemporary spanish carried out between 1986 and 1992 under a grant from the secretariat of public education of the mexican government . """" spanish 92 """" is available from the ftp server at csuf : ftp wintermute . fullerton . edu user > anonymous pw > username @ host . domain ftp > cd / pub / research / chandler prof . r . m . chandler - burns college of medicine autonomous university of nuevo leon monterrey , mexico remite : gabriel amores departamento de lengua inglesa universidad de sevilla nota : la direccion del prof . chandler - burns es rchandlr @ ccr . dsi . uanl . mx - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - consortium for lexical research email : lexical @ crl . nmsu . edu ftp : / / clr . nmsu . edu parallel text in english and spanish pan american health organization ftp directory : members-only / corpora / paho / the pan american health organization ( paho ) , conferences and general services division , has kindly allowed this group of sample parallel texts to be released for nlp research purposes . there are 180 pairs of text , 360 individual files , which amount to about 8 mb of data . the documents cover the general domains of public health and latin america , but vary greatly in content and in length . some are short memos or letters , most are longer reports and conference proceedings . the spanish documents do contain the spanish character encoding . other formatting commands , such as tabs , centering , italicizing , etc . have been removed . special thanks to dr . marjorie leon for her assistance in making these texts available . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the pappi system : a principle - based parser announcing the first public release of pappi , a prolog - based natural language parser for theories in the principles - and - parameters framework . pappi is designed to run on sun sparc - stations with quintus prolog . the pappi system includes : * an x - window system-based user interface to the underlying prolog - based parser . * a sample implementation of classic gb - theory , based on theory described in lasnik and uriagereka 's textbook """" a course in gb syntax """" . the implementation also includes sets of example sentences and sample parameterization for six languages . currently , these are english , japanese , dutch , french , spanish and german . ( this software was recently demoed at coling ' 94 . ) pappi is a parser that is designed to be a high-level research tool for experimenting with and learning about linguistic theory . this release represents just one possible instantiation within the principles - and - parameters framework . users are encouraged to experiment with and modify the sample principles . the pappi system represents code written to support research work . it is still very much under development . alternate theories ( and more sophisticated parsing models ) will be made publically available at a later stage . upcoming releases may also support other platforms and may not need quintus prolog . this is free software developed at the nec research institute , inc . , an institute for conducting long-term , fundamental research in computer and physical sciences . comments and suggestions for improvement to the system will be gratefully accepted ! i would like to also hear from those interested in extending the system . the pappi project also welcomes unencumbered software contributions , including ( but not limited to ) support for additional languages , theory and debugging tools . the system is available for anonymous ftp as : external . nj . nec . com : / pub / sandiway / pappi-2 . 0x . tar . z [ note : x is an alphabetic character denoting the current minor release . ] a . gz compressed version of the same tar file is also available as : external . nj . nec . com : / pub / sandiway / pappi-2 . 0x . tar . gz this version is recommended for those for those installations having gnu compress . current requirements : sun sparcstation sunos 4 . 1 . 3 or 5 . 3 ( aka solaris 2 . 3 ) quintus prolog 3 . 1 . 4 or 3 . 1 . 1 ( june 1992 ) approx . 35mb of disk space ( 55-70mb to install ) contact address : dr . sandiway fong nec research institute , inc . princeton nj 08540 usa email : sandiway @ research . nj . nec . com fax : ( 609 ) 951-2482 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cualquier otra informacion sobre recursos para el espanol , por favor envienla a mi direccion de e-mail ( no voy a estar suscrito a la lista ) . please , send any other information about spanish resources to my e-mail address ( i ' ll be no longer subscribed to the list ) . muchas gracias ! ! thank you very much ! ! pablo accuosto facultad de ingenieria universidad de la republica montevideo - uruguay e-mail : accuosto @ fing . edu . uy
 "",0
 1581,""Subject: japanese / korean linguistics
  
  the sixth annual japanese / korean linguistics conference august 8-10 , 1995 university of hawaii at manoa center for korean studies auditorium cosponsored by the university of hawaii s department of east asian languages and literatures , department of linguistics , and center for korean studies supported by the korea foundation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - preliminary conference program [ note : moderators / discussants to be announced later . ] send inquiries to professor john haing ( haig @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu ) tuesday , august 8 8 : 00 a . m . - 8 : 45 a . m . : registration 8 : 45 a . m . - 9 : 00 a . m . : welcoming remarks and announcements session 1 : phonology a 9 : 00-10 : 30 : aspiration in korean phonology mira oh , yeojoo technical college korean place & manner assimilations in optimality theory hyeonkwan cho , university of minnesota constraints in post - obstruent tensification in korean seok - chae rhee , university of illinois at urbana - champaign 10 : 30-10 : 45 a . m . break session 2 : discourse a 10 : 45-12 : 45 : discourse - pragmatic functions of sentence - initial and sentence - final uses of the quotative particle in japanese makoto hayashi , university of colorado at boulder an expanded concept of speakerhood in japanese discourse dina r . yoshimi , university of hawaii at manoa japanese kedo : discourse function and genre toshihide nakayama and kumiko ichihashi - nakayama , university of california at santa barbara how seeing approaches knowing in korean , japanese , and english : an analysis of pota , miru , and see yong yae park and susan strauss university of california at los angeles 12 : 45 - 2 : 00 lunch 2 : 00 - 3 : 00 : guest speaker un - altaic features of the korean verb samuel e . martin , yale university 3 : 00 - 3 : 15 : break session 3 : historical linguistics a 3 : 15 - 5 : 45 : on the origins of japanese sentence particles ka and zo charles j . quinn , jr . , ohio state university the functions of kakari particle namu in heian narratives : an example from the tale of genji j . paul warnick , ohio state university on the origin of accent register in proto - japanese alexander vovin , miami university word - initial low register in proto - japanese moriyo shimabukuro , university of hawaii at manoa another source of m-b variation in japanese blaine erickson , university of hawaii at manoa wednesday , august 9 session 4 : semantics 8 : 30-11 : 00 : analysis of polysemous verbs keedong lee , yonsei university verb lexicalization patterns in korean young - joo kim , hong - ik university on the primacy of progressive over resultative state : the case of japanese - teiru yasuhiro shirai , university of california at los angeles groups as event - oriented entities eun - joo kwak , brown university topic , focus , and strong readings in korean : information partition by phrase structure and morphology hye - won choi , stanford university 11 : 00-11 : 15 : break 11 : 15-12 : 15 : guest speaker the logic of desirability and conditional reasoning noriko akatsuka , university of california at los angeles 12 : 15 - 1 : 30 : lunch session 5 : discourse b 1 : 30 - 3 : 30 : discourse determiners of referential choice in korean acquisition patricia m . clancy , university of california at santa barbara an inquiry into the discourse managing function of a japanese particle wa : an analysis of two distinctive interpretations of the te-wa construction in japanese setsuko arita , kyushu university a cognitive account of the korean morpheme - se : a marker of semantic givenness susan strauss , university of california at los angeles the discourse functions of - myen clause in korean chang - bong lee , university of pennsylvania 3 : 30 - 3 : 45 : break session 6 : syntax a 3 : 45 - 5 : 45 : case - theoretic account of complementizer deletion hirotaka mitomo , yokohama national university tense in the subject raising construction kaoru ohta , university of washington identifying the antecedent of pro in korean and japanese young - suk lee and lizanne kaiser , yale university two types of synthetic compounds and move - affix in korean chung - kon shi , harvard university 6 : 30 - 9 : 00 : dinner reception ( location to be announced ) thursday , august 10 session 7 : historical linguistics b 8 : 30-10 : 00 : kakarimusubi from a comparative perspective john whitman , cornell university evidence for pre - or proto - historic loans into japanese from a related language of the korean peninsula leon a . serafim , university of hawaii at manoa early chinese loanwords in korean and japanese : reexamining an old problem from a modern perspective marc h . miyake , university of hawaii at manoa 10 : 10-10 : 15 : break session 8 : syntax b 10 : 15-12 : 15 : numeral classifiers as adverbs of quantification yukiko sasaki alam , texas a & m university opacity and subjunctive complements in japanese asako uchibori , university of connecticut npis outside of negation scope daeho chung and hong - keun park university of southern california asymmetry in the quantificational force of - ( n ) un in korean chung - hye han , university of pennsylvania 12 : 15 - 1 : 30 : lunch session 9 : syntax c 1 : 30 - 3 : 00 : argument prominence of sino - korean verbal nouns yunsun jung , harvard university argument structure change in benefactive construction in korean seok - hoon you , university of hawaii at manoa light verb constructions and temporal constructions in japanese hiroto hoshi , soas , university of london 3 : 00 - 3 : 15 : break session 10 : phonology b 3 : 15 - 5 : 15 : perception of japanese pitch accent by koreans and its implications for understanding phonological structures y . sukegawa , s . sato , k . maekawa , and h . choi tohoku university and national language research institute umlaut in kyungsang korean : the optimal domains theoretic account seung - hoon shin , indiana university generalized alignment and prosodic categorization in korean hyunsook kang and borim lee hanyang university and wonkwang university nn : rendaku and licensing paradox keiichiro suzuki , university of arizona 5 : 15 : closing remarks
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 1582,""Subject: bilingualism
  
  i ' m not sure why , but i was reluctant to post on the issue of us bilingualism . in any case , i feel obliged to say this as an educational linguist who has worked in esl and tangentially in bilingual ed teacher education . first of all , the entire notion that bilingual ed was , is , or could be ( designed as ) a method for introducing national plurilingualism is a nonstarter . therefore any debates about it using plurilingualism as argument get nowhere . in fact , with out a wish to flame anyone ( because i do n't think it was intentional ) the entire argument that we should stop bilingual ed because of its anti - english or anti-standard english agenda is of a kind very familiar to us in educational circles . it 's little different than what we hear from those who argue that proponents of progressive educational idea x ( e . g . whole langauge reading instruction , process writing , outcomes-based ed . ) are trying to bring down standards , undermine society , do something unamerican , and so on . it is essentially a rhetorical manipulation of the worst kind , based on false suppositions , and intended to push hot buttons . by saying this i am not defending bilingual ed or any other movement . however , i think these need to be debated on their educational merits . why is the argument a nonstarter ? admittedly , there are those in education who propose that students have the right to their own dialect language or what-have - you , and that they should n't have to learn standard english in school . however , they are largely involved in an academic exercise that takes place in the pages of journals of various sorts . they do not shape policy . the avowed purpose of the vast majority of bilingual ed programs is usually to ease a limited english proficient child into the mainstream . the idea is that if they take content area courses in their first language they will not fall behind while learning english . the programs contain esl components that supposedly will allow the kids to mainstream later . some programs do encourage native language literacy and continue classes native language classes throughout a child 's school career . some take very young english speaking kids and put them into these classes on an immersion basis . since usually older english speaking kids in other schools are trying , in theory , to learn the same language the immigrant kids are already fluent in , i fail to see what is controversial about that . it seems to be designed , in theory again , to encourage personal , not societal , bilingualism . the failings of bilingual ed , in places where it has failed , have more to do with poor educational practice than with policy . if kids are arriving at college after say five years in bilingual ed , and are entering esl programs , something did n't work right . to anyone remotely familiar with urban schools , that should hardly be a surprise . now , on a national level i think we should look at us bilingualism and forget about catalonia or the basque country for a moment . bilingualism in the us has endured over many generations in several situations : ( i ) tight - knit religious communities : hasidic jews who speak yiddish , old order amish , brethren , and mennonites , who speak their german dialects . ( ii ) groups who were overtaken , to put it nicely , by english speakers : the navajo and other indigenious peoples ; french creole speakers in louisiana , spanish in the southwest . ( iii ) isolated communities : gullah in south carolina and georgia . immigrants , it would seem , tend to assimilate linguistically over a few , typically very few generations . in spite of the myth that spanish - speakers are somehow different on this score , i think , it would be instructive to look at the case of new york , which is full of people young hispanics who cannot speak more than a few words of spanish - this in spite of continuing immigration from spanish - speaking countries . as a non - yiddish or hebrew speaking ashkanazi jew , i entirely understand this phenomenon although as a learner of spanish as a foreign language , i lament the lost opportunity . finally , i think it would be more instructive to look at which americans feel threatened by the non-existent threat of the demise of something that has never existed ( the us as a monolingual nation ) and try to figure out why people feel that way . why , for example , is it an issue in the west and not in new york ? why is it associated with right and not the left ? why has it come up now again ? is it it really just good old american nativism , ' 90s style , or is there something different going on ? also , why have n't we in linguistics and education done more to communicate with mainstream americans that the whole thing is a lot of nonsense ? michael newman dept . of educational theory & practice the ohio state university mnewman @ magnus . acs . ohio-state . edu
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 1583,""Subject: english only
  
  i found the remarks of johanna rubba in a recent issue ( 6 . 967 ) to be very worthwhile and to the point . i would like to add a couple of points . in the vast majority of immigrants to the united states , the typical pattern of language acquisition is : the first generation may or may not learn english ; the second generation learns english natively and the parents ' language to varying degrees of proficiency ; the third generation learns only english - - and this is without any legislative intervention . there are strong pedagogical and psycholinguistic reasons for bilingual education programs for school-age immigrants and unassimilated children of immigrants . it is far easier to ` ` learn to read ' ' ( in the general sense , not in the sense of learning to read a particular language ) in one 's native language , and then learn to read the second language , than it is to learn to read ( in the second language ) and to learn the second language at the same time . - stuart luppescu | university of chicago | a foreign language is ` ` a weapon in sl70 @ cicero . spc . uchicago . edu | in the struggle for life . ' ' : mj8 $ hcrf ` h ~ $ nic | - - karl marx
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 1584,""Subject: discussion : english only
  
  one point that jack aubert made in his recent posting is dead on : quite apart from any putative intention on the part of policy makers , in the u . s . today """" bilingualism """" rarely means the ability to speak two languages fluently . i ' m thinking particularly about so - - called bilingual classes in our public schools , where many people get their first notion of what this word refers to . i have enrolled my children in these classes whenever possible , but with this decision comes the responsibility to attempt to convince administrators that native speakers of english must be required to learn some spanish in these classes . ( the bilingual classes at my children 's schools are always spanish - - english . ) it has never been expected in any of the bilingual classes my kids have been in that they should be studying two languages too ! these classes are run as a one-way street - - - and everyone knows it . as one little girl ( required to enroll ) in my daughter 's class told me , """" bilingual means you ' re dumb . """" hmmmmmmmmmm what people say the word ` bilingual ' means in your standard want ad is probably too hot an issue to handle . ( is this a new ` ` urban myth ' ' that such ads are actually seeking people of certain ethnicity ? ) i suspect that the term is coming to mean something quite different than its traditional denotation , and sometime soon we ' ll find that the word ` ` bilingual ' ' activates a number of presuppositions about both mastery of english and ethnic identity , not unlike what happened to the term ` ` illegal immigrant ' ' , as was demonstrated in various reports which were released at the time of the debate on prop 187 . this sort of change in the use of the word ` bilingual ' will not help anyone whose goal is to encourage the study and use of more than one language in the u . s . because non - - experts , if they do not control language policy , are certainly involved in that policy making . i suggest that the way to combat it is very local action : take the time to talk to the principal ( s ) of your local public elementary school ( s ) . robin schafer rschafer @ ucsd . edu
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 1585,""Subject: english only
  
  in a recent posting , sxren harder ( sharder @ ling . hum . aau . dk ) brings up an interesting point ( quoting from steinberg ( 1993 ) """" an introduction to psycholinguistics """" ) : > the law reflected the widespread belief that the german language was the > embodiment of all that was evil in german culture and that to teach such > a language to young americans would be immoral and corrupting . > . . . lawyers for the state of nebraska took essentially the position > . . . [ that ] a language by its very nature represents the spirit and > national character of a people . if this were true , then by teaching them > the grammar , structure and vocabulary of the german language , meyer could > indeed have been harming american children by making them into german > militarists right there on the plains of nebraska . - interesting , because in several recent postings against the english - only movement , an argument was given that teaching foreign _ languages _ was good because it exposed students to other _ cultures _ . that is precisely the reason the teaching of the german language was banned , according to the above quote . i think most of us would agree that the state of nebraska was wrong ; teaching another language does not serve to any great extent to pass on the culture . but if you believe that , are n't you being hypocritical to believe that teaching foreign languages is good because it exposes students to other cultures ? fwiw , i have a personal opinion : if you want to expose students to other cultures , it would be much better to teach ethnography than language . ( better yet , send the students to non-tourist areas of other countries . but i doubt whether the us educational system is prepared for that ! )
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 1586,""Subject: """" english plus """" resolution in congress
  
  the """" english - plus """" resolution below was introduced into the house of representative on july 13 by rep . jose serrano ( d - n . y . ) , along with 31 other democratic cosponsors and one republican , ileana ros - lehtinen ( fla . ) . it is a nonbinding statement of policy intended as counter to six english - only bills now pending in congress . ( these measures include the king bill , h . r . 1005 , which would declare english the official language , end bilingual education and bilingual ballots , and require all government business to be transacted in english ; and the only slightly less restrictive emerson bill , h . r . 123 , which likewise declares english the official language and ends all federal funding for bilingual education . the emerson bill has more than 120 sponsors and is held to be likely to pass this year ; hearings will probably be scheduled once the present conflicts over the budget are resolved . ) some opponents of english - only measures have felt that the wording of this resolution is not as strong as they would like , particularly as it makes only indirect reference to bilingual education programs . still , its passage would have an important symbolic effect , and even if it should be defeated in committee , it will at least help to draw the battle lines over this issue . the lsa executive committee voted at its meeting this may to give its support to this resolution ; and in a mail ballot a few years ago the membership of the society declared its opposition to english - only measures by a margin of 94 to 6 percent . individual linguists may want to make their views on the english - plus resolution known to members of the house committee on economic and educational opportunities , whose names follow the text of the resolution below . committee members can be reached at : the honorable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ u . s . house of representatives washington , dc 20515 geoff nunberg concurrent resolution entitled , the ` ` english plus resolution ' ' . whereas english is the primary language of the united states , and all members of the society recognize the importance of english to national life and individual accomplishment ; whereas many residents of the united states speak native languages other than english , including many languages indigenous to this country , and these linguistic resources should be conserved and developed ; whereas this nation was founded on a commitment to democratic principles , and not on racial , ethnic , or religious homogeneity , and has drawn strength from a diversity of languages and cultures and from a respect for individual liberties ; whereas multilingualism , or the ability to speak languages in addition to english , is a tremendous resource to the united states because such ability enhances american competitiveness in global markets by permitting improved communication and cross-cultural understanding between producers and suppliers , vendors and clients , retailers and consumers ; whereas multilingualism improves united states diplomatic efforts by fostering enhanced communication and greater understanding between nations ; whereas multilingualism has historically been an essential element of national security , including the use of native american languages in the development of coded communications during world war ii , the korean war , and the vietnam war ; whereas multilingualism promotes greater cross-cultural understanding between different racial and ethnic groups in the united states ; whereas there is no threat to the status of english in the united states , a language that is spoken by 94 percent of united states residents , according to the 1990 united states census , and there is no need to designate any official united states language or to adopt similar restrictionist legislation ; whereas ` ` english - only ' ' measures , or proposals to designate english as the sole official language of the united states , would violate traditions of cultural pluralism , divide communities along ethnic lines , jeopardize the provision of law enforcement , public health , education , and other vital services to those whose english is limited , impair government efficiency , and undercut the national interest by hindering language skills needed to enhance international competitiveness and conduct diplomacy ; and whereas such ` ` english - only ' ' measures would represent an unwarranted federal regulation of self-expression , abrogate constitutional rights to freedom of expression and equal protection of the laws , violate international human rights treaties to which the united states is a signatory , and contradict the spirit of the 1923 supreme court case meyer v . nebraska , wherein the court declared that ` ` the protection of the constitution extends to all ; to those who speak other languages as well as to those born with english on the tongue ' ' ; now , therefore , be it resolved by the house of representatives ( the senate concurring ) , that the united states government should pursue policies that - - ( 1 ) encourage all residents of this country to become fully proficient in english by expanding educational opportunities ; ( 2 ) conserve and develop the nation 's linguistic resources by encouraging all residents of this country to learn or maintain skills in a language other than english ; ( 3 ) assist native americans , native alaskans , native hawaiians , and other peoples indigenous to the united states , in their efforts to prevent the extinction of their languages and cultures ; ( 4 ) continue to provide services in languages other than english as needed to facilitate access to essential functions of government , promote public health and safety , ensure due process , promote equal educational opportunity , and protect fundamental rights ; and ( 5 ) recognize the importance of multilingualism to vital american interests and individual rights , and oppose ` ` english - only ' ' measures and similar language restrictionist measures . house committee on economic and educational opportunities republicans democrats william f . goodling ( pa ) , chmn . william """" bill """" clay ( mo ) thomas e . petri ( wi ) george e . miller ( ca ) marge s . roukema ( nj ) dale e . kildee ( mi ) steven gunderson ( wi ) pat williams ( mt ) harris w . fawell ( il ) matthew g . martinez ( ca ) cass ballenger ( nc ) major r . owens ( ny ) bill barrett ( ne ) thomas g . sawyer ( oh ) randy cunningham ( ca ) donald m . payne ( nj ) peter hoekstra ( mi ) patsy t . mink ( hi ) howard mckeon ( ca ) robert e . andrews ( nj ) michael castle ( de ) john f . """" jack """" reed ( ri ) jan meyers ( ks ) timothy j . roemer ( in ) sam johnson ( tx ) eliot l . engel ( ny ) james talent ( mo ) xavier becerra ( ca ) james greenwood ( pa ) robert c . """" bobby """" scott ( va ) tim hutchinson ( ar ) gene green ( tx ) joe knollenberg ( mi ) lynn woolsey ( ca ) frank riggs ( ca ) carlos a . romero - barcelo ( pr ) lindsey graham ( sc ) mel reynolds ( il ) dave weldon ( fl ) david funderburk ( nc ) mark souder ( in ) david mcintosh ( in ) charles norwood ( ga )
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 1587,""Subject: linguist list corrections
  
  full - time associate or full professorships from april 1996 english language program french language program german language program nagoya university of commerce and business administration invites applications from associate or full professors with relevant academic and teaching experience . a doctorate degree in linguistics , education or relevant regional studies field and teaching experience is a must . applicants must be well-published ( at least 20 works ) academics of high professional standing . the faculty member will be expected to give language classes and lecture on the cultural and social background of the region . the initial contract of employment is generally for a minimum period of two years . thereafter , pending the mutual agreement of employer and employee , the contract is renewable annually . starting salary is established according to qualifications and experience - the present salary range is from 9 - 11 million yen per annum . faculty normally teach eight 90 minute periods per week - monday to friday . the school year is organised into two 15 week semesters : 1st april - end july september - mid february the summer break is approximately 6 weeks long . the winter break is approximately 3 weeks long . there is also a 6 week spring ' break ' - because of official commitments travel outside japan during this period is subject to approval . accommodation is not provided for faculty , however every assistance is given in finding a suitable location and drawing up contracts . financial assistance is offered in the form of an interest-free advance for arrival expenses . a low-interest car loan is available . return air-fare is provided . the campus is situated on the outskirts of nagoya ( 3rd largest city in japan ) . nagoya is at the heart of the industrial zone of japan and is a coastal city within easy reach of tokyo ( 2 hours ) , osaka ( 1 . 5 hours ) and many other areas of historical and cultural interest . the language center is superbly appointed with advanced computer facilities and modern amenities . every student has a macintosh computer ( powerbook 520 ) . at present our language faculty consists of about twenty-five members who teach english , chinese , french , german , korean and thai . please send ( or fax if possible ) applications to : melanie bowyer executive assistant to the president nagoya university of commerce and business administration 4 - 4 sagamine komenoki - cho nisshin - city aichi 470-01 japan telephone : 81 ( 05617 ) 3-2111 fax : 81 ( 05617 ) 3-1202 e-mail : mbowyer @ nucba . ac . jp
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 1588,""Subject: finding email addresses : advice
  
  there seem to be pretty frequent requests for email addresses on the linguist list . people with unix accounts can use the """" finger """" command to look up addresses - - if they know the name and affiliation of the person they ' re looking for ( others may have access to some sort of finger utility ) . for example , there was a recent request for the internet address of someone whose bitnet address is escatton @ albnyvms here 's how i used finger to find his internet address : finger escatton @ albnyvms finger : albnyvms : unknown host finger escatton @ albnyvms . edu finger : albnyvms . edu : unknown host well , albnyvms does n't sound very internet-like , so let 's start guessing : finger scatton @ albany . edu [ albany . edu ] ( there is no account scatton on this node . ) name : ernest scatton title : professor , german and slavic languages + literat address : humanities 246 university at albany 1400 washington av albany ny 12222-0001 phone : + 1 518-442 - 4224 bitnet : escatton @ albnyvms internet : escatton @ cnsvax . albany . edu there it is . if you have less information - - for example , you know the person is somewhere in new york state , but not where exactly - - you can use one of the """" white pages """" services available . a good starting point is : http : / / home . netscape . com / commun / internet _ white _ pages . html happy hunting !
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 1589,""Subject: conference announcement
  
  the research institute for language and speech organizes a workshop on optionality the workshop will be held in utrecht on spetember 1 - 2 , 1995 . keynote speakers will be jane grimshaw ( rutgers ) , tony kroch ( upenn ) , tanya reinhart ( tel aviv / utrecht ) and edwin williams ( princeton ) . selected papers will be presented by ken wexler ( mit ) , david adger ( york ) , martina wiltschko ( vienna ) , gereon mueller ( tuebingen ) , peter svenonius ( tromso ) , joel hoffman ( maryland ) , tor afarli ( trondheim ) , ralf vogel & markus steinbach ( mpi berlin ) , joao costa ( leiden ) , hiroyuki ura ( mit ) , norvin richards ( mit ) and sergio menuzzi ( leiden ) . since the number of workshop attenders will be limited , we ask those interested in attending to preregister by sending an e-mail message to neeleman @ let . ruu . nl . the workshop fee will be 50 dutch guilders , to be paid during the in-site registration . further information will be sent out after preregistration . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ad neeleman * * ots - trans 10 - 3512 jk utrecht - the netherlands * * + 31 30 538313 ( office ) + 31 30 949241 ( home ) * * ad . neeleman @ let . ruu . nl * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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 1590,""Subject: conf : alt inaugural meeting / k . mitxelena i . ihardunaldiak
  
  inaugural meeting of the association for linguistic typology ( alt ) k . mitxelena i . ihardunaldiak september 7-10 ( thursday through sunday ) , l995 vitoria - gasteiz , spain venue : the university institute where the meeting will take place ( filologia eta geografi - historia fakultatea ) is right behind the railway station . we will send a map upon registration , but , in any case , it is easy to find ( ask about dato street / calle dato , pedestrian street leading to the railway station ; once there , cross the station , you will then see two red brick buildings facing you : walk to the one on the left ) . further information & registration : alt antolamendu taldea ( organizing committee ) filologia eta geografi - historia fakultatea euskal filologia saila upv / ehu marques de urquijo , s / n e-01006 vitoria - gasteiz ( spain ) e-mail : fvalt @ vh . ehu . es fax : + 34 45 144290 tel . : + 34 45 139811 program wednesday september 6 ( filologia eta geografi - historia fakultatea ) 18 : 00-21 : 00 registration ( university hall : facultad de filologia y geografia e historia / filologia eta geografi - historia fakultatea ) september 7 ( filologia eta geografi - historia fakultatea ) basque workshop thursday morning chair : endrike knoerr ( u . of the basque country / r . academy of the basque language ) 9 : 00-10 : 00 benat oyharcabal on basque syntax ( c . n . r . s . paris ) 10 : 00-11 : 00 miren azkarate on basque morphology ( u . of the basque country ) coffee break ( 11 : 00-11 : 30 ) 11 : 30-12 : 30 miren lourdes onederra on basque phonology ( u . of the basque country ) 12 : 30-13 : 00 agurtzane elordui language decay and ( u . of the basque country ) typological change in a biscayan dialect lunch break ( 13 : 00-15 : 00 ) * * * thursday afternoon chair : inaki camino ( u . of the basque country ) 15 : 00-15 : 30 karmele rotaetxe scission de l ' ergativite en basque ? ( u . of the basque country ) 15 : 30-16 : 00 juan carlos moreno lexicotelic and syntactotelic ( autonomous u . of madrid ) grammaticalization in basque 16 : 00-16 : 30 andolin eguzkitza indirect questions and other ( u . of the basque country ) adnominals in the grammar of basque coffee break ( 16 : 30-17 : 00 ) 17 : 00-17 : 30 frans plank abbe darrigol 's basque grammar ( u . of konstanz ) 17 : 30-18 : 00 manfred ringmacher the new edition of humboldt 's ( freie u . berlin ) linguistic writings 18 : 00-18 : 30 bernhard hurch """" abteilung ii : baskisch und ( graz u . ) and romanisch """" a sketch of m . jose kerejeta humboldt 's writings on basque ( u . of the basque country ) * * * 18 : 30-21 : 00 registration ( hall of the institute : facultad de filologia y geografia e historia / filogia eta geografi - historia fakultatea ) friday september 8 ( filologia eta geografi - historia fakultatea ) morning chair : miren azkarate ( u . of the basque country / r . academy of the basque language ) welcome ! ( by alt officers ) ( 8 : 45 - 9 : 00 ) session on reference , number , and distributives ( 9 : 00-10 : 30 ) 9 : 00-10 : 00 greville corbett distributives and number in the world 's ( u . of surrey ) and languages marianne mithun u . of california , santa barbara ) 10 : 00-10 : 30 referring phrases from a typological jan rijkhoff perspective ( u . of konstanz ) coffee break ( 10 : 30-11 : 00 ) session on grammatical relations ( 11 : 00-13 : 00 ) chair : benat oyharcabal ( c . n . r . s . / r . academy of the basque language ) 11 : 00-12 : 00 aleksandr e . kibrik toward a holistic typology of languages ( moscow state u . ) 12 : 00-12 : 30 wolfram schaffar grammaticalization of functional ( u . of tuebingen ) properties into subject positions 12 : 30-13 : 00 elke nowak on subordination and coordination ( u . of stuttgart ) welcome ! ( by local organizers ) 13 : 00-13 : 15 lunch break ( 13 : 15-15 : 00 ) * * * friday afternoon chair : pello salaburu ( u . of the basque country / r . academy of the basque language ) symposium on incorporation ( 15 : 00-17 : 00 ) 15 : 00-15 : 30 farrell ackerman systemic patterns in a hierarchical and lexicon : preverbs and incorporation phil lesourd ( u . of california , san diego ) 15 : 30-16 : 00 adele goldberg persian complex predicates ( u . of california , san diego ) 16 : 00-16 : 30 maria polinsky noun incorporation and the reference ( u . of southern to incorporated nominals california ) 16 : 30-17 : 00 andrew spencer on syntactic accounts of noun ( u . of essex ) incorporation coffee break ( 17 : 00-17 : 30 ) business meeting ( 17 : 30-19 : 30 ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * saturday september 9 ( palacio de villa suso ) morning chair : xabier artiagoitia ( u . of the basque country ) session on global issues ( 8 : 30-11 : 00 ) 8 : 30 - 9 : 00 sebastian shaumyan linguistic typology and applicative ( yale u . ) universal grammar 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 rajendra singh towards a word-based approach to ( u . of montreal ) morphological typology 9 : 30-10 : 00 gertraud fenk-oczlon self - organization and natural typology and august fenk ( u . of klagenfurt ) 10 : 00-10 : 30 simon kirby competing motivations and the in - ( u . of edinburgh ) visible hand : a computational model of the emergence of hierarchies 10 : 30-11 : 00 frans plank a catalogue of allegations concerning ( u . of konstanz ) the co-variation of sound and of meaningful form coffee break ( 11 : 00-11 : 30 ) session on word order ( 11 : 30-13 : 30 ) chair : karmele rotaetxe ( u . of the basque country ) 11 : 30-12 : 00 alain peyraube on word order in archaic chinese ( center for linguistic research on oriental asia , paris ) 12 : 00-12 : 30 nicholas ostler some apparent cases of wh-fronting in ( linguacubun ltd . , sov languages : form , function , and history london ) 12 : 30-13 : 00 dik bakker flexibility and consistency in word ( u . of amsterdam ) order patterns in the languages of europe 13 : 00-13 : 30 anna siewierska on word order flexibility , case , ( u . of lancaster ) and agreement marking lunch break ( 13 : 30-15 : 00 ) * * * saturday afternoon session on word classes ( 15 : 00-17 : 30 ) chair : ines pagola ( u . of the basque country ) 15 : 00-15 : 45 dietmar zaefferer a typology of proposition coding ( university of muenchen ) 15 : 45-16 : 30 juergen broschart why tongan does it differently : ( u . of koeln ) categorial distinctions in a language without nouns and verbs 16 : 30-17 : 00 walter bisang areal typology and grammaticaliza - ( u . of mainz ) tion : processes of grammaticaliza - tion based on nouns and verbs in east and south east asian languages 17 : 00-17 : 30 lilly l . chen a typological study of the copula verb ( rice university ) system in the chinese languages coffee break ( 17 : 30-18 : 00 ) session on case and space ( 18 : 00-20 : 15 ) chair : jose luis alvarez enparantza ( u . of the basque country ) 18 : 00-18 : 45 maria koptjevskaja - partitives and pseudo-partitives in tamm ( u . of stockholm ) the european languages : typology and grammaticalization . 18 : 45-19 : 30 thomas stolz toward a typology of with-relations : ( u . of bochum ) comitatives , instrumentals , and privatives in the languages of the world . 19 : 30-20 : 15 christel stolz towards a typology of spatial frames ( max planck institute , of reference : comparing frames of nijmegen ) reference in different spatial subdomains song recital ( 20 : 15-21 : 15 ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * sunday september 10 morning chair : javier ormazabal ( u . of the basque country ) session on multiple functions ( 8 : 30-11 : 00 ) 8 : 30 - 9 : 00 zygmunt frajzyngier grammaticalization of a multifunctional ( u . of colorado ) dependent clause : a cross-categorial approach 9 : 00-10 : 00 nick evans insubordination and its uses ( u . of melbourne ) 10 : 00-11 : 00 david gil patterns of polyfunctionality in noun - phrase constructions coffee break ( 11 : 00-11 : 30 ) session on mood , modality , and negation ( 11 : 30-13 : 00 ) chair : andolin eguzkitza ( u . of the basque country ) 11 : 30-12 : 15 ferdinand de haan the interaction of modality and negation ( u . of groningen ) 12 : 15-13 : 00 kees hengeveld mood and modality ( u . of amsterdam ) lunch break ( 13 : 00-15 : 00 ) * * * session on verbs and verb satellites ( 15 : 00-18 : 00 ) chair : igone zabala ( u . of the basque country ) 15 : 00-15 : 30 johan van der auwera phasal adverbials and standard average ( u . of antwerpen ) european 15 : 30-16 : 15 leon stassen the typology of predicative possession ( catholic u . of nijmegen ) 16 : 15-16 : 45 kathryn howard and the """" perf """" grammaticization pathway in benjamin wang chinese and thai ( u . of california , los angeles ) 16 : 45-17 : 15 kylie hsu , motoko a cross-linguistic analysis of ezaki , amy meepoe , and imperfectivity in natural spoken discourse david olsher ( u . of california , los angeles ) 17 : 15-18 : 00 vladimir nedjalkov correlation between semantic and ( institute of linguistic formal oppositions in verbal research , st . petersburg ) derivation
 "",0
 1591,""Subject: digital / analog tape recorders
  
  arienne dwyer cites a comment of rober englebretson that is pessimistic about the advantages of dat compared with cassette tapes regarding digitization : > i do n't know that dat would be any less time-consuming . unless you > have a soundcard which supports direct digital input ( in which case > there will probably be issues with sampling rate ) , most people find > they end up connecting the line out from their dat into the line in on > the computer - - essentially re-digitizing the analog signal from the > dat line-out . there is a simple ( and not particularly expensive ) alternative to either of these rigmaroles , which we employ in my lab . we have a dat drive on our local network for data storage ( backups etc . ) , but it can also be used to read dat audio tapes , allowing dat digital audio to be transferred to the computer without going via an intermediate analogue stage . - john coleman director , oxford university phonetics laboratory 41 wellington square , oxford ox1 2jf , uk home page : http : / / www . phon . ox . ac . uk /
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 1592,""Subject: comparatives
  
  summary : intensification of the comparative i had in may on the list ( 8 . 758 ) a query on the intensification of comparative forms in different languages . here comes the summary related to the query ( i am sorry about the slight delay ! ) . as i noted earlier , my better linguistic competence limits to germanic languages plus finnish where in all the comparative ( of adjective , adverb , quantitative pronoun ) is typically intensified with an adverb denoting some form of totality : 1 . a . the train went faster . b . the train went ever faster . ( also : all the faster ) 2 . a . der zug fuhr schneller . b . der zug fuhr immer schneller . 3 . a . ta ' get gick fortare . b . ta ' get gick allt fortare . 4 . a . juna meni lujempaa . b . juna meni yha """" lujempaa . ( also : aina lujempaa ) the intensifiers , e . g . ever in english , are in all these cases some kind of universal quantifiers , the content being approximately ' always ' or ' all the way ' ( see e . g . vendler ) . since the pattern shows some regularity , i was curious to gather information about functionally corresponding expressions in other languages . indeed , i did receive some further parallel examples , and moreover , there was some discussion about the appropriateness of the english example i had in the query ( 1b above ) . many thanks to the people who responded : ewb2 @ cornell . edu ( e . wayles browne ) larry horn < lhorn @ yalevm . ycc . yale . edu > ton van der wouden < vdwouden @ let . rug . nl > allan wechsler < awechsle @ bbn . com > knud lambrecht < lambrec @ uts . cc . utexas . edu > adiego lajara < adiego @ lingua . fil . ub . es > asya pereltsvaig < asya @ mail . netvision . net . il > """" j . l . sancho , instituto de lexicografia """" < sancho @ crea . rae . es > waruno mahdi < mahdi @ fhi-berlin . mpg . de > bark @ compunet . net ( gerald a . barker md ) philip grew < pgrew @ compuserve . com > as always , my wordings were a bit too implicit in the beginning . there are , of course , several ways of intensifying ( or modifying ) the comparative . a very normal form would be intensification of the degree , e . g . 5 . he is much faster than the rest of the guys . two individuals possessing a quality may also be compared with each other and one of the qaulities intensified in relation to the other : 6 . jack is fast but bob is even faster . perhaps it was my swedish perspective that led to the too general and implicit use of the label ' comparative intensifier ' . it seems , namely , that swedish has in allt ( see 3 above ) an adverb that may be used as an intensifier only with the comparative ( other adverbs may also be used but this is a kind of a prototype , as one can understand on the basis of wessen 's grammar , for instance ) , whereas the general intensifier mycket ( ' much ' , ' very ' ) may be used both with the positive and the comparative ( type 5 then ) . the distribution is not perhaps as strict in all languages and with all expressions . as regards , for example , finnish yha """" , it may be used in other contexts too , but it seems that it has a more specialized ( grammaticized ? ) intensifying function when modifying a comparative , e . g . 7 . a . jaana on yha """" kaunis . time adv . ' jane is still beautiful ' b . jaanasta tulee yha """" kauniimpi . intensifer ' jane becomes ever more beautiful ' but this shows only that intensifiers that merely relate to the comparative do have a temporal implication . as a consequence , it seems that the comparative expresses a dynamic quality ( or degree ) that is opposed to the more stable positions of the positive and the superlative degrees ; the comparative represents a step in one direction but not to a definite point on a scale . the temporal intensifiers of the comparative focus on this implication of dynamism which , in turn , is often associated with successive development , change or process ( cf . the dynamism of verbs ) . moreover , the succession is signalled to be constant and ever-present - - and here we find the motivation of the universal quantifiers ( literally ever ) typically used with the comprative . we might want to look at some examples provided by the respondents ( the names of which are given in appropriate language sections below ) : * * * * * - - dutch : 8 . a . de trein ging sneller b . de trein ging alsmaar sneller c . de trein ging steeds sneller * steeds * and * alsmaar * ( also written as * almaar * ) are universal temporal quantifiers ( over a restricted domain - * altijd * is more unrestrictive ) . ton van der wouden - - - spanish : 9 . el tren iba cada vez ma 's ra ' pido """" cada vez """" , lit . """" each time """" catalan : 10 . el tren anava cada vegada / cada cop me 's ra ` pid """" cada vegada , cada cop """" , lit . """" each time """" nb : a ' , e ' etc . : vowels with acute accent ; a ` , o ` = vowels with grave accent . ignasi - xavier adiego - - - - italian : 11 . il treno andava sempre piu veloce . what i suspect will interest you here is that 's tandard ' italian ( like most other romance dialects , as i assume you will be told by readers expert in those ) uses the word that translates """" always """" ( sempre ) as the comparative intensifier you asked about . philip grew - - - russian : 12 . poezd exal bystree . train went faster [ more felicitous if the individual compared to is explicit as in 13 . ] 13 . poezd exal bystree chem mashina train went faster than car 14 . poezd exal vse bystree . train went all faster ' the train went ever faster ' asya pereltsvaig - - - croatian : 15 . a . vlak je is """" ao brz """" e . train aux went faster - adverb b . vlak je is """" ao sve brz """" e ( i brz """" e ) . serbian : 16 . a . voz je is """" ao brz """" e . b . voz je is """" ao sve brz """" e ( i brz """" e ) . s """" , z """" = letters with hac """" ek on top . sve ' all ' neuter singular nom . / acc . wayles browne - - - in indonesian , the situation is a bit different , compare : 17 . a . kere ' taapi berjalan lebih cepat train | go - stat | mod | fast """" the train goes / went faster """" ( i . e . it went faster than the car , horse , other train ) b . kere ' taapi berjalan makin cepat train | go - stat | mod | fast """" the train goes / went ever faster """" ( i . e . it went constantly faster than it itself did in the preceding moment ( s ) ) where : e ' is &eacute ; ( pronounced like french &egrave ; , ipa epsilon ; ) e is pronounced like french e , ipa @ [ upside-down """" e """" ] ) c is pronounced like english ch , italian ci stat = stative ( expresses verbal """" action """" as state of being ) mod = modifier goes / went - there is no category of tense in indonesian , and time of """" action """" is expressed circumstantially , by adverbs , circumstantial phrases , etc . , also of course by context etc . so , in indonesian we do not intesify the comparative degree of comparison , but have a distinct accelerative """" degree of comparison """" . the complete paradigm is : comparative : _ lebih cepat _ """" faster """" accelerative : _ makin cepat _ """" ever faster """" intensive : _ sangat cepat _ """" very fast """" superlative : _ paling cepat _ """" ( the ) fastest """" excessive : _ terlalu cepat _ """" too fast """" insufficient : _ kurang cepat _ """" not fast enough """" negative : _ tidak cepat _ """" not fast """" strictly speaking , of course , this should probably not be seen as the set of forms of degrees of comparison , but a set of adjectival modifiers in combination with an adjective . waruno mahdi * * * * the above cases confirm the pattern that comparative forms tend to be intensified with a universal quatifier if its dynamic implications are to be amplified . the term ' accelerative ' in context of indonesian is illustrative - - although not totally accurate : it is also the only adjectival modification category that is associated with the comparative in the translation ( apart from comparative ' proper ' ) . one could think that the discussed expressions represent a """" special case """" of comparison , since there is not usually any explicit reference point in the expressions of the ' ever faster ' type ( i . e . a than - complement ) . that is why browne terms the use """" free comparative """" . on the other hand , there is nothing unusual in the use of this comparative ; it seems to be an application of the temporal comparative as in , for instance : 18 . jack has become faster than before . koenig suggests instead the term """" cumulative comparative """" , since the development is related to the temporal and the reference is often clearly enough understood in the context ( the term could be better for the indonesian ' accelerative ' too ) : 19 . jack has become ever faster . could in principle be a thinkable notional parallel to 18 ( cf . also 17b above ) . now , 19 ( and 1b for that matter ) may be a bit odd for english speakers , having seen the reactions on ever in my original query . ever is as an intensifier considered to be """" stilted , literary , old-fashioned , high-style """" , regarded as inference from german immer , or by americans labeled as """" british """" . instead , most speakers prefer a semantically corresponding expression consisting of conjoined syntactic reduplication : 20 . jack has become / becomes faster and faster . dictionaries and grammars of english also note this construction with the comparative ( zandvoort gives it even a name , """" comparative of gradation """" ) , so the expressive pattern can be regarded as quite established in english . it is not unique , though . most european languages allow the pattern comp + and + comp at least in informal register , and , i may reveal it now , these kinds of expressions are the object of study in my research on syntactic reduplication in swedish . the principally interesting thing is that languages seem to have different preferences as regards different intensifying patterns . english is perhaps most liberal in rather freely allowing conjoined repetition of type 20 , whereas koenig points out that german prefers expressions with an intensifier ( immer ) . the data i have surveyed seem to suggest that swedish is somewhere in between these two . the pattern comp + and + comp is theoretically interesting in that it expresses the same content as ever by iconicity . repetition stands for iteration and continuity ( ever , allt , sempre , yha """" , cada vez ) , coordination enhances the meaning , since it implies with repetition non-simultaneity and asymmetry . even more intriguing is that some linguists ( e . g . koenig , lang ) draw a parallel between coordination and universal quantification . so we have a full circle here . as a final remark , i would like to remind that structures of the kind x + and + x are not limited to the comparative . it is quite usual to hear the use of this pattern with , for instance , verbs in colloquial speech : 21 . jack ran and ran . however , the use has not for some reason become as widely established with verbs . perhaps there is a larger resource of aspectual verbal and adverbial modifiers for verbs than the comparative , and , thus , less need for the somehow ' naive ' iterative pattern . the last assesment does not come out of the blue , but it is traditionally stated that different uses of repetitions are typical of , not only the language of poetry , but also among women and children or in texts designed for children , such as fairy tales ( note : this is merely a quote - - i would not put it in this way ! ) . what does this amount to ? reasonably , repetition is favored in discourse types where ( inter - ) personal involvement has an important role . further comments on the topic are , of course , welcome . the above summary is written in a relative haste , so i apologize for any shortcomings or misunderstandings ! the end of this message contains a list of works referred to . thank you for your interest and have a nice summer ! ( which has been real warm and sunny up here . . . ) jan k . lindstrom scandinavian languages and literature university of helsinki finland references : browne , wayles . 1964 . on adjectival comparisons and reduplication in english . unpublished manuscript . koenig , ekkehard . 1971 . kumulative komparative . in : beitraege zur generativen grammatik . schriften zur linguistik 3 . pp . 100-111 . lang , ewald . 1984 . the semantics of coordination . john benjamins , amsterdam . vendler , zeno . 1967 . each and every and all . in : linguistics in philosophy . cornell university press , ithaca , london . wessen , elias . 1970 . vaart svenska spraak . almqvist & wiksell , stockholm . zandvoort , r . w . 1975 ( 1962 ) . a handbook of english grammar . 7th ed . longman , london .
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 1593,""Subject: program - phonology and morphology conference , marburg
  
  phonology and morphology of the germanic languages marburg , philipps - universitaet , august 27 to 29 1997 conference program please note : times are approximate at this moment ! wednesday , august 27 , prosodic phonology 14 . 00 paul kiparsky stanford , usa prosodic divergence of early germanic 15 . 00 patrik bye troms , norway grammar constrains diachrony ! split prominence and accent shift in central scandinavian 16 . 30 tomas riad stockholm , sweden towards a scandinavian accent typology 17 . 30 birgit alber marburg , germany interaction between morphology and stress assignment in optimality theory thursday , august 28 , from phonology to morphology 9 . 00 janet grijzenhout duesseldorf , germany the role of coronal underspecification in german and dutch phonology and morphology 10 . 00 kristjin rnason reykjavek , iceland shortness in icelandic 11 . 30 albert ortmann duesseldorf , germany consonant epenthesis : phonological and morphological restrictions 12 . 30 richard wiese / chris golston marburg , germany / fresno , usa the structure of the root in german : a corpus-based and optimality-theoretic study 14 . 30 jaap van marle amsterdam , netherlands the questionable status of root suffixes 15 . 30 carsten steins duesseldorf , germany against arbitrary features in inflection : the case of the old english declension 17 . 00 gereon mueller tuebingen , germany phonological constraints on binomial formation in german 18 . 00 susanne wurmbrand boston , usa minimal and maximal heads . particles in particular friday , august 29 , prosodic morphology 9 . 00 martin neef koeln , germany the organization of german nominal inflection 10 . 00 jan kooij / harry van der hulst leiden , netherlands prosodic choices and the dutch nominal plural 11 . 30 curt rice minnesota , usa / troms , norway prosodic output constraints on gender assignment : the problem of dual gender in norwegian 14 . 00 ingo plag marburg , germany morphological haplology in a constraint-based morpho-phonology 15 . 00 geert booij amsterdam , netherlands prosodic output conditions versus prosodic input conditions in germanic morphology for more information , look at http : / / staff-www . uni-marburg . de / ~ wiese / phon-morph . html or write to the organizers : kehrein @ mailer . uni-marburg . de wiese @ mailer . uni-marburg . de there is no conference fee . everybody is welcome , but we would like to know about it if you intend to participate !
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 1594,""Subject: la thematisation dans les langues
  
  colloque international la thematisation dans les langues organise par le laboratoire elsap ( universite de caen ) et l ' equipe eli ( fontenay - st cloud ) l ' universite de caen ( amphi d5 ) les 9 , 10 et 11 octobre 1997 programme jeudi 9 octobre a partir de 09 . 00 : accueil des participants 09 . 45 : ouverture du colloque 10 . 00 : christine bonnot ( inalco ) : pour une definition formelle et fonctionnelle de la notion de theme ( sur l ' exemple du russe moderne ) 10 . 40 : jean peeters ( universite de bretagne sud ) : thematisation et focalisation : deux principes distincts et complementaires deconstruction du sens 11 . 20 : anne - claude berthoud ( universite de lausanne ) : de la thematisation des objets de discours la thematisation des actes de discours 12 . 00 : nicole le querler ( elsap - universite de caen ) : dislocation et thematisation en francais 12 . 45 : dejeuner 14 . 15 : paul laurendeau ( universite york , toronto ) : thematisation et stabilisation notionnelle en co-enonciation parlee 14 . 55 : marie - claude paris ( universite de paris vii ) : ordre des mots , topique et focus en chinois contemporain 15 . 35 : bernard combettes ( universite de nancy ii ) : thematisation et topicalisation : leur rle respectif dans l ' evolution du francais 16 . 10 : pause 16 . 30 : jacques franckel ( universite de paris x ) et denis paillard ( universite de paris vii ) : considerations sur la thematisation des syntagmes prepositionnels de la forme prep y 17 . 10 : mireille brigaudiot ( iufm versailles ) : quelques remarques sur la thematisation dans le langage d ' un enfant de deux ans 18 . 30 : cocktail vendredi 10 octobre 09 . 00 : catherine fuchs ( elsap , cnrs , paris ) : encore plus belle / plus belle encore : variations sur l ' equilibre thematique de l ' enonce 09 . 40 : anna srs ( universite de paris x ) : topique , focus et ordre des mots en hongrois 10 . 15 : pause 10 . 40 : anne grobet ( universite de geneve ) : la thematisation comme phenomne d ' ancrage dans le discours dialogique 11 . 20 : fernand bentolila ( universite de paris v ) : la thematisation en berbere 12 . 00 : kjersti fldttum ( universite de bergen , norvege ) : quant : thematiseur et focaliseur 12 . 45 : dejeuner 14 . 15 : claude muller ( universite de bordeaux iii ) : la thematisation des indefinis en francais : un paradoxe apparent 14 . 55 : mary - annick morel ( universite de paris iii ) : theme , modus et paragraphe dans l ' oral spontane en francais 15 . 35 : alain delplanque ( universite de tours , cnrs-llacan ) : topicalisation , focalisation , pre-construit ( analyse contrastive dagara-francais ) 16 . 10 : pause 16 . 30 : bruno martinie ( universite de paris x ) et frederique sitri ( universite de paris iii ) : effet rubrique , effet de titre : les limites de la thematisation 17 . 10 : naoyo furukawa ( universite de tsukuba , japon ) : heureusement qu ' il est l : un cas particulier de thematisation 17 . 50 : andree borillo ( universite de toulouse le mirail ) : theme et structure thematique du discours samedi 11 octobre 09 . 00 : mirna velcic-canivez ( universite de lille iii , silex ) : thematis er l ' acte d ' enonciation 09 . 40 : claus - dieter pusch ( albert - ludwigs - universitet freiburg ) : la phrase principale affirmative en gascon - un cas de focalisation figee 10 . 15 : pause 10 . 40 : catherine taine-cheikh ( mrash lyon ) : le cas de l ' objet et le proble de l ' anaphore dans un dialecte arabem 11 . 20 : carmen sorin ( universite de paris vii ) : classes de prdicats , distribution des indefinis et la distinction thetique-categorique 12 . 00 : bernard caron & aliou mahamadou ( cnrs-llacan ) : la specification du terme topique en haoussa et en peul : vers une caracterisation contrastive de la thematisation et de la focalisation 12 . 45 : dejeuner 14 . 15 : svetlana vogeleer ( institut libre marie haps , bruxelles ) : la subordonnee temporelle postposee et la thematicite 14 . 55 : elisabeth stark ( institut fur romanische philologie , munich ) : anteposition et marquage du theme ( topic ) dans les dialogues spontaneous : paul siblot ( universite de montpellier iii ) : entre theme et predicat , les enonces monotermes renseignements , inscriptions : claude guimier laboratoire elsap , bt sciences 1er cycle universite de caen , esplanade de la paix 14032 caen cedex tel . : 02 31 56 56 27 fax : 02 31 56 54 27 e - mail : cguimier @ elsap . unicaen . fr fiche d ' inscription ( renvoyer au plus tard pour le 19 / 09 / 1997 nom : prenom : institution : adresse : tel . : fax : e - mail : les frais d ' inscription ( 300f . ) couvrent , entre autres , les repas du midi au restaurant universitaire . le repas du vendredi soir ( menu normand dans un restaurant en ville ) est en supplement ( 200f ) je prendrai les repas du midi suivants au restaurant universitaire : le 9 octobre : oui non le 10 octobre : oui non le 11 octobre : oui non je joins un cheque de 300f ( droits d ' inscription ) ou un cheque de 500f ( droits d ' inscription et repas du vendredi soir ) l ' ordre de m . l ' agent comptable de l ' universite de caen le : signature : claude guimier laboratoire elsap bat . sciences 1er cycle , 101 esplanade de la paix 14032 caen cedex tel . 0231565827 fax . 0231565427
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 1595,""Subject: jobs : tesol instructor
  
  job announcement tesol ( teaching english as a second / other language ) instructor mary washington college seeks applicants for a part-time instructor to teach english linguistics in the fall 1997 semester in its tesol certificate program . the position will bring with it the possiblity of teaching more linguistics / tesol courses in the future . qualifications : ph . d . preferred in linguistics , applied linguistics , or closely related field ; experience in teaching english as a second language and / or experience with tesol education . send letter of application , curriculum vitae , a list of three references , and copies of transcripts to : tesl search box 615 mary washington college fredericksburg , va 22401-5358 deadline for receipt of materials is july 25 , 1997 by 5 p . m . postmarks will not be honored . telephone inquiries should be directed to the center for graduate and continuing education ( 540-654 - 1038 ) . mary washington college is deeply committed to affirmative action and encourages minorities and women to apply .
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 1596,""Subject: a linguistics consulting assignment ( correction )
  
  telephone numbers were missing l&a is a computer consulting firm base in new york with clients in the research and development field . we currently have a linguistics opening for a contract employee for a minimum of 6 months ( with possible multiple extensions ) . the following is a description of the position . location : weschester county , new york ( 35 miles north of new york city ) duration : 6 months ( with possible multiple extensions ) . salary : open job description : we are looking for a candidate with a degree in linguistics with particular focus on phonetics and phonology . us and canadian diealectology and lexicography is a must . ability to generate pronunciations for major european languages ( french , german , spanish and italian ) of words and names . demonstrated ability to interact with researchers , academics , physicians , attorneys and other professionals on a peer basis . several years experience in speech recognition / experience in text-to - speech and natural-language processing , preferably as evidenced by academic publications . demonstrated ability to oversee and administer a project from initial planning to completion - independently ability to travel approximately 15-25 weeks per year . much preferred to have good communications skills in french ( actually canadian french is fine ) . edward pellon director of personnel services l&a tel . 914 967 9544 fax . 914 967 3620 e - mail : pellon @ ibm . net
 "",0
 1597,""Subject: empathetic deixis comments
  
  on june 15 i posted a query about empathetic deixis . so far i ' ve received several suggestions and comments whose summary i 'd like to share with you and at the same time thank the people who helped . the first to write back was nik gisborne of cambridge ( nsg22 @ cus . cam . ac . uk ) who referred me to sylvia adamson 's treatment of empathetic narrative where she treats subjectivity as a species of deixis ( susan wright and dieter stein , eds . _ subjectivity and subjectivisation _ cambridge university press , 1995 . dan loehr of georgetown university ( loehrd @ gsun . acc . georgetown . edu ) referred me to buehler 's _ theory of language _ ( sprachtheorie ) , 1934 translated by d . goodwin , john benjamin , 1990 ; fillmore , c . _ santa cruz lectures on deixis , indiana university lingusitics club , 1975 ; lyons , john , _ deixis as the source of reference _ , laut , trier , 1973 ; both lyons ' books intro to theoretical linguistics and semantics , vol . 2 ; lyons , j . , """" deixis and anaphora """" in t . myers , ed . _ the development of conversation and discourse _ , edinburgh university press , 1979 . lynne hewitt ( leh5 @ psu . edu ) , and a little later , william rapaport ( rapaport @ cs . buffalo . edu ) both pointed out that the texts in duchan , j . , bruder , g $ hewitt , l . ( eds . ) _ deixis in narrative : a cognitive science perspective _ , hillsdale , nj , lawrence earlbaum , 1995 should be taken a look at . in her chapter """" reduced anaphor in subjective contexts """" lynne analyzes the use of extended stretches of pronominalization for purpose of indicating subjective contexts in popular fiction . there are also chapters on unspeakable sentences ( ann banfield ) , empathy in syntax ( kuno ) , subjective contexts in japanese ( kuroda ) . anne reboul ( anne . reboul @ loria . fr ) wrote saying that she 'd written several papers on the topic , mainly centered on personal pronouns and suggested consulting casta * neda 's work . lynne hewitt added that buehler 's article translated into english as """" the deicitic field of language and deictic words """" ( r . jarvella $ w . klein , _ speech , place and action : studies in deixis and related topics , pp . 9-30 , wiley ) could be useful , as well as the books by jerome bruner _ actual minds , possible worlds _ , harvard university press , 1986 , and kaete hamburger , die logik der dichtung , ernst kleist verlag , 1957 tr . into english as _ the logic of literature _ , indiana university press , 1973 . finally i had marcus maia ( maia @ acd . ufrj . br ) suggesting lyons ' _ semantics _ ( i presume vol . 2 ) . sincere thanks to all . djordje vidanovic , university of nis .
 "",0
 1598,""Subject: telri 3rd european seminar - announcement
  
  telri - trans - european language resources infrastructure third european seminar : """" translation equivalence - theory and practice """" montecatini , tuscany , italy october 16-18 , 1997 - under the patronage of the european commission - * * first announcement * * ( apologies for duplicates ) """" there is no point in denying the concept of translation . the fact is translation is a necessity on economic and general human grounds . moreover , the fact of translation is a main challenge both to linguistics and to philosophy . """" j . r . firth """" linguistic analysis and translation """" the concerted action telri ( trans - european language resources infrastructure ) invites you to participate in the third european seminar translation equivalence - theory and practice , to be held on october 16-18 , 1997 in the famous spa town of montecatini ( between florence and lucca ) in italy . the seminar is organised by telri in conjunction with the tuscan word centre ( twc ) in pescia - vellano . the seminar will assess the achievements of existing translation software and try to propose new approaches that could radically improve their performance . our experience so far suggests that we need a huge increase in linguistic knowledge before we can construct software that can deal successfully with natural language semantics , i . e . software that replicates the human faculty of understanding texts . the seminar will introduce a variety of approaches that will help us to provide the translation knowledge necessary for a new generation of translation tools . it will present the findings of the telri project on the multilingual plato corpus and offer new ideas for the exploitation of parallel texts . it will demonstrate how the bridge dictionaries can be used as a lexicon of translation equivalents . registration fee : dm 400 , - ( until august 31 ) , including participation in the seminar , opening and closing receptions , banquet , and coffee breaks . ( for a limited number of participants from countries with restricted currency convertibility , the registration fee may be negotiated . ) late registration fee ( after august 31 ) : dm 500 , - social event fee for accompanying persons : dm 120 , - registration is possible via fax , e-mail , and surface mail . on - line registration is also possible via the seminar www page given below . for further information on the third european seminar and on the telri concerted action in general , please refer to the following url : http : / / www . ids-mannheim . de / telri / tuscany97 . html or send an e-mail to : telri @ ids-mannheim . de . coordinator dr . wolfgang teubert abt . lexik ( dept . of lexical studies ) institut fuer deutsche sprache postfach 10 16 21 d-68016 mannheim , germany fax / phone : + 49 621 1581-415 e - mail : telri @ ids-mannheim . de
 "",0
 1599,""Subject: student phonology workshop at ling . inst .
  
  student phonology workshop and poster session at the 1997 lsa linguistic institute saturday , july 26 goldwin smith hall , hollis e . cornell auditorium cornell university , ithaca , ny schedule of papers 8 : 30 registration - fee : $ 5 for institute participants , $ 12 . 50 for others 9 : 00 tracking a rule across eastern bantu africa , jeanine ntihirageza , university of chicago 9 : 25 non - adjacency in dissimilation , caroline jones , umass amherst 9 : 50 break 10 : 10 paradigmatic infixation in miskito , vivian lin , mit 10 : 35 the interaction of infixation and reduplication in tagalog , tivoli majors , university of texas at austin 11 : 00 vocalic hiatus resolution in kisi , carolyn smallwood & trisha causley , university of toronto 11 : 25 lunch 1 : 30 poster session 3 : 00 phonetic evidence against the feature [ fortis ] in swiss german , bill ham , cornell university 3 : 25 phonetic analysis of asymmetry of korean / s / in phonology , joo - kyeong lee , university of illinois 3 : 50 break 4 : 00 dutch rimes : the interaction between syllable weight and sonority of coda consonants , caro struijke , university of maryland 4 : 25 across - word regressive assimilation in picard : an optimality theoretic analysis , walcir cardoso , mcgill university 8 : 00 phonology party , under the tent behind risley hall economical accommodations are available in the institute dorms . for more information , read about short term housing on the institute web site : http : / / www . sce . cornell . edu / cuss / lsa . html if you have questions , feel free to e-mail lisa lavoie at lml1 @ cornell . edu
 "",0
 1600,""Subject: 2nd call for papers : dgfs meeting 1998
  
  call for papers as part of the annual meeting of the german linguistic society ( deutsche gesellschaft fuer sprachwissenschaft ) , to be held in halle ( saale ) , germany , march 4 - 6 1998 , there will be a workshop ( arbeitsgruppe ) on the following topic : the role of functional categories in language contact and change in current syntactic theory functional categories play an important role in determining the structure of clauses and noun phrases . while in ` regular ' language change the content of functional categories seems to be relatively stable , in many language contact situations , e . g . creolization , code-switching , functional categories are lost and , subsequently , reconstituted . a major issue hereby is on which grammatical knowledge speakers model the reconstitution of these elements . some of the specific questions to be adressed in this session are : ( i ) which functional categories are necessarily reconstituted , and which are not ? this relates to the issues of universality ( or ug - compatibility ) and markedness of functional categories ; ( ii ) what type of functional categories are reconstituted : those that contribute to meaning ( lf - interpretable ) , or those that only convey grammatical information , or both ? ; ( iii ) which lexical categories are used as a model for reconstitution and , consequently , are reinterpreted as functional categories ? ; ( iv ) from which language ( s ) in the contact situation are the ( lexical or grammatical ) elements drawn used for reconstitution of functional categories ? papers will are relevant to this topic are invited . papers should take 30 minutes , to be followed by 15 minutes of discussion . a one-page abstract should be sent ( preferably by e-mail ) to the organizer ( address below ) by september 1 , 1997 . dr . t . veenstra instituut voor algemene taalwetenschap universiteit van amsterdam spuistraat 210 nl-1012 vt amsterdam tel 00 . 31 . 20 . 525 . 3858 fax 00 . 31 . 20 . 525 . 3021 e-mail t . veenstra @ let . uva . nl
 "",0
 1601,""Subject: re : 8 . 988 , disc : evolution analytic > synthetic
  
  i want to respond to part of a post which particularly caught my attention .
 "",0
 1602,""Subject: intercultural communication
  
  dear colleagues ! some time ( or rather a long time ) ago , i posted a query to the list asking for information on research activities regarding intercultural communication . please excuse me for writing this summary so late , but two kids have been keeping me rather busy . i would like to thank all respondants for the valuable information that was supplied to me . as almost everyone expressed their wish to get into contact with others working in this area , i have included your e-mail addresses in the following summary . anne barron < abarron @ ollamh . ucd . ie > ( university college dublin , ireland ) is doing a phd , studying the effects of a year abroad on the development of pragmatic competence among second language learners of german and is interested in the development of pragmatic competence in general . sangeeta bagga - gupta < sangeeta . bagga-gupta @ hoe . se > ( university of linkping , sweden ) has done an ethnographic description of the communication environment at the ngo , where women from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds are employed . christine anthonissen < canthoni @ artsn . uwc . acz > ( university of western cape , south africa ) is co-author of a book titled """" communication across cultures in south - africa - toward a critical language awareness """" , which she uses to teach undergraduates . laura chao - chih liao < ccliao @ fcusqnt . fcn . edu . tw > ( feng chia university , taiwan ) has published several books and articles on different aspects of intercultural communication , contrastive pragmatics , discourse analysis and gender differences , all related to chinese and american english . peter kistler < pkbdg @ ibm . net > ( universitas padjadjaran , bandung , indonesia ) applies ethnomethodological conversation analysis to german - indonesian conversations . he is especially interested in """" critical incidents """" and discourse structure . tom koole < tom . koole @ let . ruu . nl > ( utrecht institute of linguistics , netherlands ) has published articles relating to intercultural communication in team discourse and business negotiations . susan meredith burt < burt @ vaxa . cis . uwosh . edu > ( university of wisconsin oshkosh , usa ) is working in the area of native / non-native interaction , particularly on issues of linguistic accomodation by native speakers to non-native speakers . hannes kniffka < ssp01 @ rs1 . rrz . uni - koeln . de > has published a book titled """" elements of culture - contrastive linguistics """" , which summarizes empirical and practical consequences for analyses of intercultural communication , especially related to the cultures of saudi - arabia , china and maroc . laura hartley < hartleyl @ pilot . msu . edu > ( michigan state university , usa ) focusses on linguistic details of politeness in the speech act situation of complaints . sally hunt < lish @ warthog . ru . ac . za > ( rhodes university , south africa ) has completed an ma thesis on interaction in small group teaching at university , focussing on gender and culture , and how these two factors affect the amount and kind of participation of the various students . alain dawson < orfqe @ nordnet . fr > ( university of paris , france ) is doing research on the mutual intelligibility of slavic languages , especially on """" how russians understand texts written in other slavic languages without having learnt them . """" shikaripur n . sridhar < ssridhar @ ccmail . sunysb . edu > ( state university of new york at stony brook ) will be happy to provide information on """" international varieties of english """" and """" non - native intitutionalized varieties of english """" . melanie siegel < siegel @ dfki . uni-sb . de > ( deutsches forschungsinstitut fuer kuenstliche intelligenz , saarbruecken , germany ) did a phd thesis on translation mismatches in japanese - german translations . anita fetzer < anita . fetzer @ po . uni-stuttgart . de > ( universiteat stuttgart , germany ) has written her phd thesis on negative interactions . she has developed a model which explains linguistic preferences regarding refusals , and she has tried to apply this model to second language teaching . patricia haegman < fte . haegeman . p @ alpha . ufsia . ac . be > ( university of antwerp , belgium ) teaches courses in intercultural communication , both in interpersonal and business talk . she has written her phd on """" business english in flanders , a study of lingua franca telephone interaction . """" bernd mueller - jacquier < mue-jac @ phil . tu-chemnitz . de > ( technische universitaet chemnitz , germany ) is head of the department for intercultural communication at technische universitaet chemnitz , where several courses on different aspects of intercultural communication are being tought . you can visit their homepage , which also includes an interesting bibliography at http : / / www . tu-chemnitz . de / phil / ikk / myself , i completed my phd """" english as a medium of intercultural communication : an analysis of non - native - / non - native speaker discourse """" in 1995 . i analysed discourse structural ( topic development , turn-taking etc . ) and politeness phenomena . currently , i am doing two projects both in the area of intercultural communication . one investigates gender and culture as possible factors influencing the ability to successfully communicate in intercultural situations . this study focusses on japanese , korean and german speakers using english as a lingua franca and examines discourse structural as well as politeness phenomena . in a second project , a japanese colleague ( yuko sugita < yuko @ phil-fak . uni-duesseldorf . de > ) and myself take a look at more formal situations , i . e . intercultural interaction in japanese companies . we hope to find out about the linguistic differences between japanese and german business communication and the way these influence japanese and german speakers ' use of english as a communication tool . i hope to be able to update this list from time to time . so , if you happen to know anybody , who wants to share her / his knowledge on intercultural communication with others , please ask her / him to send me an e-mail . this list will also be accessibly via my homepage ( http : / / www-public . rz . uni-duesseldorf . de / + meierkor ) in about a month . best wishes to everybody dr . christiane meierkord heinrich - heine - universitaet duesseldorf modernes japan universitaetsstr . 1 40225 duesseldorf tel . : + 49 ( 0 ) 211 - 81-14709 e-mail : meierkor @ uni-duesseldorf . de
 "",0
 1603,""Subject: summary of responses to psycholinguistics query
  
  in linguist 8 . 981 , i posted the following query : > if an ambiguous word has a strongly dominant sense , > is that sense most likely to be the one actually selected in neutral > contexts ? of course the intuitive answer seems obivously to be """" yes , """" > but i have n't found any formal studies affirming this , as most studies > do not explicitly relate dominance bias or strength of activation with > the processes of sense selection . > two more general questions : have the findings of tabossi > pretty much spelled an end to a purely modularist view of lexial > processing ? > and finally , to what extent are connectionist explanations of lexical > processing like kawamoto 's ( see below ) gaining credence among > psycholinguists ? the sole respondent was james fidelholtz , who , although he could n't directly address my questions , pointed out a very useful compilation of sense-frequencies for common english words : michael west , _ a general service list of english words _ ( 1953 ) , longman . thanks , dave = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - david wharton department of classical studies 237 mciver building the university of north carolina at greensboro greensboro , nc 27412-5001 email : whartond @ uncg . edu tel . ( 910 ) 334-5214 = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = -
 "",0
 1604,""Subject: iatl 14 : preliminary announcement
  
  iatl 14 , the 14th annual meeting of the israeli association for theoretical linguistics , will be held in ben gurion university , beersheva , on june 8 - 9 1998 . a more detailed cfp will follow in approx 2 months .
 "",0
 1605,""Subject: programme cssp97
  
  - - - - - colloque de syntaxe et semantique de paris cssp 1997 the paris syntax and semantics conference 16-18 octobre 1997 universite paris 7 denis diderot , campus jussieu , 2 , place jussieu , 75005 paris . conferenciers invites / invited speakers : guglielmo cinque , donka farkas , hans kamp , ruth kempson , ivan a . sag 1 . programme programme provisoire / provisional program jeudi 16 octobre 9h - 9h10 : ouverture du colloque 9h10 - 10h10 : conferencier invite , h . kamp ( stuttgart ) ( titre preciser ) semantique / semantics 10h30 - 11h : c . condoravdi ( cycorp ) , presuppositional underspecification : the case of ' ksana ' 11h - 11h30 : l . dekydtspotter ( indiana ) , futur proche et futur simple : reference et quantification 11h30 - 12h : s . gennari ( brown u . ) , tense , aktionsart and sequence of tenses 12h - 12h30 : j . lecarme ( cnrs-2lc ) , nominal tense and tense theory - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - syntaxe / syntax 14h - 14h30 : d . pesetsky ( mit ) , the interpretation of immovability 14h30 - 15h : j . aoun ( u . of south california ) , j . nunes ( unicamp ) , vehicle change and move f 15h30 - 16h : j . - p . koenig ( suny ) , k . lambrecht ( u . of texas ) , french relative clauses as secondary predicates : a case study in construction theory 16h - 16h30 : l . sadler ( essex ) , lexical integrity , small constructions and the morpho-syntax of welsh clitics 16h30 - 17h : s . kahane ( talana ) , i . melc ' uk ( college de france ) , synthese des phrases extraction : aspects semantiques et syntaxiques 17h - 17h30 : d . kolliakou ( groningen ) , towards an inflectional theory of definiteness 17h30 - 19h30 : reception 19h30 - 20h30 : conferencier invite : ivan a sag ( stanford ) satisfying constraints on extraction and adjunction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - vendredi 17 octobre 9h - 10h : conferencier invite : cinque ( venise ) , on the positions of negative phrases syntaxe - semantique / syntax - semantics 10h30 - 11h : m . honcoop ( hil leiden ) , reconstruction in and of itself 11h - 11h30 : j . kuhn ( ims stuttgart ) , the syntax and semantics of split nps and floating quantifiers in lexical functional grammar 11h30 - 12h : b . crysmann ( saarbrucken ) , ( im ) proper quantifiers and clitic placement in european portuguese 12h - 12h30 : d . hardt ( villanova ) , a dynamic identity theory of ellipsis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - semantique / semantics 14h - 14h30 : f . newmeyer ( u . of washington ) , the perceptual deictic construction in english 14h30 - 15h : h . demirdache ( u . of british columbia ) , on descriptions in ( lilloet ) salish 15h - 15h30 : c . pinon ( dusseldorf ) , on a distributive marker in polish 16h - 16h30 : i . derzhanski ( bulgarian academy of sciences ) , monotonicity and interrogation 16h30 - 17h : a . franck ( rank xerox ) , deontic conditionals and conterfactual asymmetry 17h - 17h30 : r . van valin ( suny ) , generalized semantic roles and the syntax - semantics interface - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - samedi 18 octobre : les indefinis / indefinites 9h - 10h : conferencier invite : r . kempson ( londres ) on concepts of scope - a dynamic perspective 10h30 - 11h : a . giannakidou ( groningen ) , free - choice indefinites in greek 11h - 11h30 : l . m . tovena ( geneve ) , j . jayez ( ehess ) , irreference vs . non-veridicality : the case of any 11h30 - 12h : m . becker ( ucla ) , the some indefinites 12h - 12h30 : i . comorovski ( nancy ) , functional indefinites and the proportion problem - - - - - - - - - 14h - 14h30 : a . cohen , n . erteschik - shir ( ben - gurion u ) . , are bare plurals indefinites ? 14h30 - 15h : l . mcnally ( barcelone ) , v . van geenhoven ( nimegue ) , redefining the weak / strong distinction 15h30 - 16h : t . reinhart ( ots / tel aviv ) , y . winter ( ots ) , the quantificational origins of ' referential ' indefinites 16h30 - 17h30 : conferencier invite : d . farkas ( santa - cruz ) ( titre preciser ) reserve / alternates syntaxe / syntax : c . kennedy ( northwestern u ) , j . merchant , ( ucsc ) , comparatives and bound ellipsis syntaxe - semantique / syntax - semantics : m . butt ( xerox parc ) , t . holloway king ( stanford ) , focus , adjacency and nonspecificity m . - h . cote ( mit ) , variables situationnelles et individuelles dans la quantification existentielle : vers une solution la restriction sur les sn definis semantique / semantics t . kurafuji ( rutgers ) , definiteness of koto in japanese and its nullification les indefinis / indefinites : m . romero ( umass ) , intensional functional readings and transparency e . villalta ( umass ) , g . boye ( paris 7 ) , combien de n . . . ? combien . . . de n ? , quelle est la question ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - for further information , contact : daniele godard , universite paris 7 , linguistique . email : cssp97 @ linguist . jussieu . fr www : http / / www . linguist . jussieu . fr / ~ cssp97 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cssp 97 universite paris 7 linguistique ufrl , case 7003 2 place jussieu 75251 paris - cedex 05 france email : cssp97 @ linguist . jussieu . fr http : / / www . linguist . jussieu . fr / ~ cssp97 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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 1606,""Subject: disc : grammar in uk schools
  
  on thu , 3 july 1997 , larry koch wrote : > i read your contribution to the linguist list after having it forwarded > to me , and i must say i am disappointed to see a teacher of english > promoting the fallacy of the """" split infinitive """" . there simply is no > such thing . > > first , the """" to """" particle is not always a part of the infinite ( e . g . > after modal verbs ) . > > second , placing the adverb between """" to """" and the infinitive is often > the only way the sentence makes sense , in terms of modifying the verb . > likewise , placing the adverb elsewhere often makes the sentence less > understandable . i think you have misunderstood what i was saying in my contribution to the list . i do not ` promote the fallacy of the split infinitive ' . the syllabus which i teach requires a descriptive rather than a prescriptive approach . the questions set by the external examining board , however , often require the students to show their commitment to descriptivism by commenting critically on various prescriptive rules laid down in the past , as in the orwell example . they need to know what actives , passives and infinitives are before they can do this . the sixteen-year - old students who come to me have usually been taught no terminology at all , apparently because their teachers have been terrified of being prescriptive . i know and teach that not all infinitives contain ` to ' . i also give the students examples ( e . g . ` i asked him to kindly apologise ' ) where placing the adverb anywhere else would cause ambiguity . jennifer chew
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 1607,""Subject: call for reviewers / new url for call site
  
  call @ chorus , < http : / / www-writing . berkeley . edu / chorus / call / index . html > ; , is a web-based resource offering detailed reviews of software and books targeted towards language students and instructors . we also feature demonstrations of the latest in cutting edge call demos , and a carefully selected index of call links to interesting and relevant sites on the web . we are currently inviting all those interested in reviewing computer assisted language learning software and / or books to submit a current resume with a cover letter detailing their background and experience with call as well as any specific language or regional interests that they might have . submissions should be made via email to the section editor , jim duber , < dub @ sirius . com > . please send all documents in one of the following text formats : ascii ( i . e . , email only ) , rich - text ( i . e . , rtf ) , word 6 or earlier , or pdf . feel free to contact me with any questions you might have on this . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * note : call @ chorus has just moved to our new sponsor : * * uc berkeley 's college writing programs * * we ' re newly designed , newly updated , new content too . * * our old site at http : / / www . chorus . cycor . ca / duber / * * will soon be phased out . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * best wishes , jim ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ jim duber , editor c a l l @ c h o r u s dub @ sirius . com http : / / www-writing . berkeley . edu / chorus / call ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
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 1608,""Subject: european language resources association
  
  elra news * * * price cuts on the m2vts database * * * following all the requests regarding the speech database m2vts ( ref . elra-s0021 ) , we are happy to announce a substantial price reduction for this database . the new prices have been set in agreement with the m2vts provider . for elra members = > 250 ecu ( used to be 900 ! ) for non members = > 500 ecu ( used to be 1490 ! ) the database is available for research purposes only . please note that the entire catalogue of elra resources can be found on the elra web site : http : / / www . icp . grenet . fr / elra / home . html - please follow the links - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * + for further information , please contact : + + elra / elda + + 87 , avenue d ' italie + + 75013 paris + + tel : + 33 1 45 86 53 00 + + fax : + 33 1 45 86 44 88 + + e - mail : info-elra @ calva . net + + http : / / www . icp . grenet . fr / elra / home . html + * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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 1609,""Subject: console 6 - last call for papers !
  
  console 6 - call for papers the sixth meeting of the student organization of linguistics in europe ( console ) will be held at the university of lisbon from 15 until 17 december . sole aims at providing students of generative linguistics with a possibility of gaining international experience and a publication forum of their own . furthermore sole strives at enhancing contacts and cooperation between students of generative linguistics in europe and around the world . papers are solicited in the field of generative linguistics , more specifically in , but not limited to , phonology , morphology , semantics , sign language , language acquisition and syntax . please send 4 anonymous ( plus one with your name , affiliation , address and e-mail address ) copies of an abstract of maximally two pages , including references , diagrams and examples using at least a 10 - point font to : console 6 ( a \ c ines duarte ) departmento de linguistica geral e romanica faculdade de letras universidade de lisboa cidade universitaria 1699 lisboa codex portugal the deadline for submission is 1 august , 1997 . abstracts received after august the 1st will not be considered . abstracts can only be submitted by regular mail . the following people will be happy to answer any questions you may have at the fax number and e-mail address below : local organizers : sole board : ines duarte joao costa isabel hub faria rob goedemans maria joao freitas ruben van de vijver anabela goncalves tina cambier madalena colac , o + 351 - 1-7960063 sole @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl
 "",0
 1610,""Subject: germanic linguistics & philology
  
  the web site of the society for germanic philology ( sgp ) has moved to the following address : www . germanic . ohio-state . edu / sgp / the sgp embraces all areas of and approaches to germanic linguistics and philology , from formal syntax and phonology through historical linguistics to textual editing and includes scholars interested in all germanic languages , from modern german , netherlandic and yiddish to old english , scandinavian and gothic . the web site features information about the sgp , its membership , its goals and administration . in addition , the full text of the biannual newsletter of the society is available , and visitors to the site will find editorial information about the society 's journal , the american journal of germanic linguistics and literature ( ajgll ) . a first call for papers has been posted for the fourth annual germanic linguistics conference , to be held at ohio state in april 1998 . gregor hens department of germanic languages & literatures the ohio state university www . germanic . ohio-state . edu / faculty / gh /
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 1611,""Subject: summary : even if
  
  dear linguists , on linguist list : vol . 8-959 ( 25 / 07 / 1997 ) , i posted the following query . three people responded to my investigation . my great thanks goes to the following people . since their judgements varied , i labelled a , b and c to them just for convenience in writing this summary . a : m . lynne roecklein < lynne @ cc . gifu-u . ac . jp > b : laura gonnerman < gonnerman @ scf . usc . edu > c : gary h . toops < toops @ twsuvm . uc . twsu . edu > the query and summary are as follows . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i have been working on some probelms of the meanings of """" even if """" , especially the following so-called consequent-entailment reading of """" even if """" . please help me check the accptablities of the following sentences . are the following sentences acceptable or have natural flow of interpretation ? please put ok , ? or * in each slot and comments , if any . if the sentences you judge are unacceptable , what kind of context would you consider to increase the acceptabilities ? ( 1 ) ( a : * ; b : ok ; c : ? ) ( context : my employer is so puritanical that he would fire me if i behaved in what he considered a libertine manner . ) """" even if """" my wife smoked cigarettes , he would fire me , but , since she would n't ever smoke , he won't fire me . comment of a : the ' even if ' clause is ok with with """" he . . . me """" , but the second halfdoesn ' t match . no one would ever phrase this combination of ideas this way . it has a split focus . is the topic the extent of the employer 's puritanism ( first half ) , or the likelihood / unlikelihood of the speaker 's being fired ( second half ) . i find even my japanese colleagues do this split focus thing all the time . such sentences are extremely difficult and often impossible to parse in any natural way . it took several years of familiarity with japanese versions of english for me even to identify what is going on in sentences like this . i 'd love to know an effective way to explain to japanese students of english why this won't work and maybe more important , how to recognize that they ' ve pro9duced an illicit split focus construction . ( 2 ) ( a : ? ? ? ; b : ok ; c : ? ) """" even if """" you drink just a little , your boss will fire you , but , since you sruely won't drink at all , he won't fire you . comment of a : a ) """" """" even if . . . will fire you """" is most easily interpreted as habitual , while """" you surely * won't * drink at all """" would designate a single event in the future . these sit uneasily together . b ) since drinking a lot is antithetical to drinking a little , the last clause must imply that the boss is thinking of firing the addressee for some other reason . in this case , interpeting the first half according to a ) above , there can be no connection between the firing and the drinking and the sentence fails by virtue of non-entailment . on the other hand , if one * goes back * and reinterprets the ' you ' in the first half merely as the addressee , then the sentence might be possible , given that condition b ) abvove represents the real state of affairs . it would also be implied that the boss needs just a little bit more reason to actualy execute the firing . the final clause would sound better with """" can't """" than with """" won't """" , however , in this scenario . ( 3 ) ( a : * * ; b : * ; c : * ) """" even if """" you drink just a little , your boss will fire you , but since you surely drink a lot , he won't fire you . comment of a : the action posited by the """" even if """" clause is already a maximum limit . the sentence is logically impossible . comment of b : but if you continue the sentence as below then it is fine by me . ( 3 ) ( ok ) """" even if """" you drink just a little , your boss will fire you , but since you surely drink a lot , he won't fire you , you ' ll get fed up and quit before he gets a chance . ( 4 ) ( a : ok ; b : ok ; c : ? ) if it doesn ' rain , the game will continue . """" even if """" it rains lightly , the game will continue ; but if it rains heavily , the rain will be cancelled . i ' m sorry i ' ve made a mistake here . the final clause should be , the game will be cancelled , as roecklein ( a ) pointed out . ( 5 ) ( a : * * ; b : * ; c : * ) if it does n't rain , the game will continue . """" even if """" it rains lightly , the game will be cancelled ; but if it rains heavily , the game will continue . comment of a : nonsense , in order and logic . comment of b : okay if you continue with something like : ( 5 ) ( ok ) if it does n't rain , the game will continue . """" even if """" it rains lightly , the game will be cancelled ; but if it rains heavily , the game will continue , but it will be moved to an indoor arena . ( 6 ) ( a : * * ; b : ? ; c : * ) """" even if """" the president were to get ingestion tonight , the cease-fire would end , but , if we resume negotiations with the enemy for a treaty of peace , it will continue . i ' m sorry i ' ve mistyped the word here too . ingestion should be indigestion . comment of a : i would imagine rather that indigestion would contribute to the end of the ceasefire . ( 7 ) ( a : ok ; b : ok ; c : ? ) """" even if """" my wife smoked cigarettes , i would not scold her , but , if she ever broke my favorite dishes , i would scold her . comment of a : """" scold her """" should nto be repeated at the end . very unnatural . ( 8 ) ( a : ? ; b : ? ; c : ? ) """" even if """" my wife smokes cigarettes , i will not scold her , but , if she breaks my favorite dishes , i will scold her . comment of a : underlying logic ok . i do n't like """" even if """" with the indicative present verb because i like to mark conditionals on the verb , but i ' m aware that this usage is in process of change . same proviso as above for the repeated """" scold her . """" the preferences of conditionals in even if clause over the indicative present are the same to all three people . however , i found many examples of the indicative type . this seems a matter of individual preferences . comment of b : ( 8 ) ( ok ) """" even if """" my wife smokes cigarettes at the dinner table , i will not scold her , but , if she breaks my favorite dishes , i will scold her . comment of c : to make sense of many of your contexts , i had to postpose the """" even if """" clause , e . g . , """" i will not scold my wife , even if she smokes cigarettes . """" placing the """" even if """" clause first in the sentence makes it more emphatic . my own summary : ( 3 ) and ( 5 ) are judged logically impossible as i have expected . but i do not understand laura gonnerman 's rephrasing ok sentence of ( 5 ) . ( 6 ) is also judged unnnatural to all the three people though i expected it would be ok . it seems to me the final clause cahnges the situation and focus of the sentence . why not ok ? finally , i must apologize to you all about the use of """" scold """" in the final two sentences . one person reminded me of the bad implication of husband 's scolding his wife . i did n't notice it . in japan , too , a husband who """" scold """" his wife is an arrogant person these days . thank you very much for your help . please make further comments , if any , on this usage . i ' ll be glad to make a reply . hiroaki tanaka associate professor faculty of integrated arts and sciences tokushima university , japan 1 - 1 , minamijousanjioma , tokushima , 770 , japan phone & fax : + 81 886 56 7125 e-mail : hiro-t @ ias . tokushima-u . ac . jp
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 1612,""Subject: 24th university of wisconsin - milwaukee linguistics symposium :
  
  conference announcement change of date 24th university of wisconsin - milwaukee linguistics symposium : discourse across languages and cultures . our 24th symposium has been rescheduled . the symposium will be held september 10-12 , 1998 . we apologize any inconvenience this rescheduling may create , and for any multiple postings . contact person : mike darnell darnell @ csd . uwm . edu
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 1613,""Subject: 32 . linguistisches kolloquium kassel
  
  32nd colloquium of linguistics all fields of linguistics september 17-19 , 1997 university of kassel germany ab sofort koennen sie die neuesten informationen , darunter das aktuelle programm , termin - und adressenuebersichten sowie eine formularmaske zur anmeldung als passiver teilnehmer am kongress im www abrufen : http : / / www . uni-kassel . de / fb9 / sprachw / lk / welcome . htm
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 1614,""Subject: re : 8 . 1044 , disc : grammar in schools
  
  ( re message from : linguist @ linguistlist . org ) > > linguist list : vol-8 - 1044 . sat jul 12 1997 . issn : 1068-4875 . > > subject : 8 . 1044 , disc : grammar in schools > > i know and teach that not all infinitives contain ` to ' . i also give > the students examples ( e . g . ` i asked him to kindly apologise ' ) where > placing the adverb anywhere else would cause ambiguity . > > jennifer chew an example i once concocted to justify """" splitting the infintive """" ( or not , as the case may be ) is : a ) after a heavy meal , i prepared slowly to go home digesting b ) after a heavy meal , i prepared to slowly go home digesting c ) after a heavy meal , i prepared to go home slowly digesting in this context , with the possible exception of the third case , the natural ( and therefore near-enough unambiguous ) association of the adverb is as follows : a ) after a heavy meal , i prepared _ slowly to go home digesting b ) after a heavy meal , i prepared to slowly _ go _ home digesting c ) after a heavy meal , i prepared to go home slowly _ digesting ( this was long ago , when you got glared at for splitting an infinitive regardless of whether it was the only place to put the adverb so as to express what you meant and not something else : this example achieved , as nearly as i could , three quite distinct and natural meanings for """" . . . slowly to go home . . . """" , """" . . . to slowly go home . . . """" and """" . . . to go home slowly . . . """" . i ' m not 100 per cent happy with it , for obvious reasons , and it would be interesting to see if anyone can come up with a better , more clear-cut one ) . [ and , to really """" epater les bourgeois """" , i reckon you could even make a case for """" . . . i prepared to , slowly , go home digesting """" : the implication being that the meal was so very heavy that the walk home should be correpondingly delicate , as emphasised by the pause in rhythm marked by the commas ] . ted . ( ted . harding @ nessie . mcc . ac . uk )
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 1615,""Subject: conf - lacl ' 97 - nancy ( france ) - sept 97
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * lacl ' 97 - call for participation * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * logical aspects of computational linguistics 1997 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * september 22-24 , 1997 nancy france * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * http : / / www . loria . fr / ~ bechet / lacl . html e-mail : lamarche @ loria . fr - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the lacl conferences - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the first edition of the lacl conference , which was held in nancy in september 1996 , was very successful . this proves that there is a growing interest in the use of logic in natural language processing , both for syntactic and semantic models . lacl ' 97 will continue to bring together linguists , logicians , philosophers and computer scientists around this theme in order to present the latest results and to discuss the different approaches . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - programme committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - chairman : a . lecomte ( u . grenoble 2 ) b . carpenter ( bell labs ) m . dymetman ( rank - xerox , grenoble ) c . gardent ( u . saarbrucken ) ph . de groote ( inria & crin , nancy ) s . kulick ( u . pennsylvania ) f . lamarche ( inria & crin , nancy ) m . moortgat ( ots , utrecht ) g . morrill ( upc , barcelone ) a . ranta . ( u . helsinki & u . tampere ) p . saint - dizier ( irit , toulouse ) e . stabler ( ucla , los angeles ) e . villemonte de la clergerie ( inria , rocquencourt ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - organising committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - chairman : g . perrier v . antoine , d . bechet , a . - l . charbonnier , f . lamarche and a . savary . inria - lorraine & crin-cnrs , nancy . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - programme - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - monday , september 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 : 45 - 9 : 30 : welcome 9 : 30-10 : 20 : invited talk i joachim lambek ( mcgill university , montreal ) some mathematical approaches to natural language 10 : 35-11 : 35 : session 1 m . kandulski strong equivalence of generalized ajduckiewicz and lambek grammars s . shaumyan , p . hudak & m . jones type - directed natural language parsing 11 : 50-12 : 40 : discussion i logic - mathematical formalisms and grammars 12 : 40-14 : 00 : lunch 14 : 00-14 : 50 : invited talk ii denis bouchard ( universite du quebec , montreal ) ellipsis of the noun and of the determiner : recoverability , number and partitivity 15 : 05-16 : 35 : session 2 t . cornell derivational and representational views of minimalist syntactic calculi f . morawietz & t . cornell approximating principles and parameters grammars with mso tree logics j . hodas a linear logic treatment of phrase structure grammars for unbounded dependencies 16 : 45-17 : 35 : discussion ii what formalisms for minimalism ? tuesday , september 23 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 : 30-10 : 20 : invited talk iii yves lafont ( c . n . r . s . , marseille ) applications of phase semantics 10 : 35-11 : 35 : session 3 e . kraak italian object cliticization : a deductive approach h . hendriks a proof - theoretic analysis of intonation 11 : 50-12 : 40 : discussion iii advantages of the proof - theoretic approach 12 : 40-14 : 00 : lunch 14 : 00-14 : 50 : invited talk iv mark johnson ( brown university , providence ) features and resources 15 : 05-16 : 35 : session 4 p . blackburn feature logics in hybrid languages d . heylen underspecification in subsumption - based type - logical grammars n . francez on the direction of fibring feature logics with concatenation logics 16 : 45-17 : 35 : discussion iv comparing feature logics 20 : 00 : conference dinner wednesday , september 24 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 : 30-10 : 30 : session 5 m . vilares ferro , m . alonso pardo & d . cabrero souto an operational model for parsing fixed - mode dcgs d . tatar & d . zaiu unification - based and object-oriented based approaches to grammars 10 : 45-11 : 45 : session 6 z . luo & p . c . callaghan linguistic categories in mathematical vernacular and their type-theoretic semantics m . kinnunen natural language interface to regular expressions 12 : 00-12 : 50 : final discussion 12 : 50-14 : 00 : lunch - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - location - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nancy , which is the capital of the french department meurthe et moselle , is easily accessible from paris ( gare de l ' est ) by train in about three hours . there are also direct trains from strasbourg , luxembourg and dijon . the nearest international airports are the ones of paris , strasbourg and luxembourg . the lacl conference will take place in the loria building at the address : inria - lorraine & crin-cnrs batiment loria technopole de nancy brabois campus scientifique 615 rue du jardin botanique , b . p . 101 f 54602 villers - les - nancy cedex france for more information about the location , please take a look at the www server or send a mail to francois lamarche . http : / / www . loria . fr / ~ bechet / lacl . html e-mail : lamarche @ loria . fr - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the registration fees for the conference are the following : before august 15 after august 15 regular 700 frf 900 frf student 500 frf 700 frf both regular and student fees include the conference proceedings , the coffee breaks , the lunches , and the conference dinner ( september 23 ) . tickets for additional conference dinners ( for accompanying persons ) can be purchased at 150 frf . you may register by surface mail , fax , or e-mail . please fill in the registration form that you can find at www address http : / / www . loria . fr / ~ bechet / lacl . html and send it to : inria - lorraine bureau des relations exterieures - lacl ' 97 615 rue du jardin botanique , b . p . 101 f 54602 villers - les - nancy cedex france fax ( internat . ) : + 33 3 83 27 83 19 ( nat . ) : 03 83 27 83 19 e - mail : re @ loria . fr - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - payments - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - payments are accepted in french francs only . the enclosed payment may be one of the following forms : o cheque in french currency , drawn on a french bank , made to the order of """" agent comptable de l ' inria """" ; o eurocheque in french currency , made to the order of """" agent comptable de l ' inria """" ; o bank transfer to the order of """" agent comptable de l ' inria """" ( with your name and lacl ' 97 ) ; the bank account number is : 10071-78000 - 00003003958-80 at the bank """" tresorerie generale des yvelines """" . please ask your bank to arrange a transfer at no cost for the recipient . you may also pay the registration fee by credit card at the moment of the conference . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - accommodation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hotel rooms ranging from one to three star hotels are available . for a reser - vation , please phone to the hotel , fill in the accommodation form that you can find at www address http : / / www . loria . fr / ~ bechet / lacl . html and send it rapidly to the hotel ( preferably before september ) to confirm the reservation . hotel akena * hotel crystal * 41 rue raymond poincare 5 rue chanzy 54000 nancy 54 000 nancy tel : 03 83 28 02 13 tel : 03 83 35 41 55 fax : 03 83 90 00 45 fax : 03 83 37 84 85 price ( tarif ) : 175 frf price ( tarif ) : 200-300 frf hotel albert 1er * * hotel mercure - thiers * * * 3 rue de l ' armee patton 11 rue raymond poincare 54000 nancy 54 000 nancy tel : 03 83 40 31 24 tel : 03 83 39 75 75 fax : 03 83 28 47 78 fax : 03 83 32 78 17 price ( tarif ) : 295-310 frf price ( tarif ) : 475 frf * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * guy perrier crin-cnrs & inria lorraine campus scientifique - b . p . 239 54506 vandoeuvre - les - nancy cedex france e-mail : perrier @ loria . fr phone : 03 83 59 20 18 fax : 03 83 41 30 79 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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 1616,""Subject: 19th annual conf of the cognitive science society
  
  the nineteenth annual conference of the cognitive science society will be held at stanford university august 7-10 , 1997 . this year 's meeting will run four days . in addition to research talks and poster sessions , the conference will include eight half-day symposia on selected topics such as distributed cognition , semantics , spatial cognition , cognitive neuroscience , scientific discovery , social cognition , language acquisition , and motor behavior . each symposium will run for half a day , and will include two survey talks by senior scientists and two invited research talks describing recent advances in the area . for information about registration and housing , see the conference web site at http : / / www-csli . stanford . edu / cogsci97 / cogsci97 . html which also contains information about other aspects of the meeting . the conference web site includes both postscript and electronic versions of the registration and housing form . we look forward to seeing you at stanford this august . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - mike shafto ( mshafto @ mail . arc . nasa . gov ) http : / / olias . arc . nasa . gov / personnel / people / mike _ shafto . html human - automation integration research branch ( afi ) nasa - ames research center , mail stop 262 - 4 moffett field , ca 94035-1000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - it is strange that the inadequacy of formal long-range plans is not better understood . - - hans mark & arnold levine , """" the management of research institutions , """" nasa sp-481 , p . 183 .
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 1617,""Subject: labphon6 web page
  
  the sixth conference on laboratory phonology ( to be held at the university of york ( uk ) on 2 - 4 july , 1998 ) now has a web site : http : / / www . york . ac . uk / ~ lang15 / labphon . html further information about the conference will be posted to this page as it becomes available . _ paul carter _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pgc104 @ york . ac . uk _ dept of language & linguistic science | http : / / www . york . ac . uk / ~ pgc104 / university of york | tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1904 432660 heslington , york . yo1 5dd | fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1904 432652
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 1618,""Subject: english is an asian language conference
  
  the macquarie library pty ltd , publishers of the macquarie dictionary , is undertaking a series of conferences throughout south - east asia in cooperation with local institutions and associations dealing with language and linguistics . conference perspective the conferences have the general title english is an asian language , a statement which is then discussed in the context of each country . publication of proceedings - first conference the proceedings of the first conference in the series , held in manila 2 - 3 august 1996 , are now available . price aud $ 20 , plus postage . please contact susan butler , publisher , macquarie dictionary , sue @ dict . mq . edu . au if you wish to purchase a copy . the conference it is our aim to : * assess the role that english is already playing and may play in the future in the government , economics , trade and education in south - east asia * analyse what impact the new englishes of the region might have in reflecting the culture of these language communities * assess the requirements for an english - language dictionary for this region . topics to be covered in relation to the english of each country : * history * pronunciation * lexical items * standardness , particularly in the areas of newspaper publishing , book publishing and education , with comments on the relative importance of standards derived from within the country and those derived externally * business english * english as influencing and influenced by local culture * the literature on the subject a broad range of participants will be invited - educators , writers and journalists , linguists , english language teachers , government representatives , publishers , newspaper editors . participants will be encouraged to discuss each topic , as the exchange of views is of great importance in establishing a generally accepted point of view . the first two conferences the first two conferences were held in manila on 2 - 3 august 1996 and in bangkok on 8 - 9 august 1996 . the proceedings of the manila conference have been published ( see above ) and the proceedings of the bangkok conference will be published late 1997 . keynote speaker the keynote speaker for the first two conferences was professor braj b kachru speaking on the theme of english is an asian language . prof . kachru is one of the foremost scholars in the field of world englishes ; he has pioneered , shaped , and defined this field of scholarly inquiry . his research on world englishes , the kashmiri language and literature , and theoretical and applied studies on language and society has resulted in more than 20 authored and edited volumes and more than 100 research papers , review articles , and reviews . he is a founder and coeditor of world englishes and series editor of english in the global context . he has held editorial positions in more than a dozen scholarly journals and is associate editor of the oxford companion to the english language and a contributor to the cambridge history of the english language . his many graduate students , now teaching in asia , africa , europe , and the united states , have made recognised contributions to various areas of sociolinguistic research . conference organisers de la salle university , manila ( prof . maria lourdes s bautista ) . language center , national institute of development administration ( nida ) , bangkok ( associate professor dr tuanchai tan - ngarmtrong ) . the macquarie library pty ltd , sydney ( susan butler ) . the next conference kuala lumpur , malaysia on 18-19 august 1997 . conference organisers malaysian association of modern languages ( president : datin halimah mohd said ) . prof . dato ' dr asmah haji omar , professor of malay linguistics / dean , faculty of languages and linguistics , university of malaya . susan butler , the macquarie library pty ltd . background information on susan butler susan butler is a member of the editorial committee of the macquarie dictionary , the first comprehensive documentation of australian english . since 1970 she has worked on the major dictionary , and the smaller versions which have been produced from it . she has also worked on the macquarie thesaurus , an entirely original thesaurus produced from the macquarie dictionary . in 1990 she worked on a review of the dictionary source material , the results of which were published in a book entitled the macquarie dictionary of new words . this material was then incorporated into the second edition of the macquarie dictionary published in november 1991 . susan is now publisher ( books ) and executive editor of the macquarie dictionary and as such is involved in the policy-making which influences the range of lexicographical projects currently undertaken by the macquarie library pty ltd . keynote speaker - bro . andrew gonzalez andrew gonzalez fsc , is a member of the la salle brothers of the philippines . he is currently president of de la salle university in the philippines . he holds a doctorate in linguistics from the university of california at berkeley and has attended various workshops and seminars in higher education management . besides being a member of the board of trustees of several colleges and universities in manila , he is a member of the komisyon sa wikang filipino ( commission on the filipino national language ) and chair of the technical panel on the humanities , the social sciences , and communications of the commission on higher education ( ched ) of the republic of the philippines . he has published extensively in the field of applied linguistics and sociolinguistics and on philipppine higher education . for further information on the kuala lumpur conference contact either datin halimah mohd said malaysian association of modern languages fakulti bahasa dan linguistik universiti malaya 50603 kuala lumpur malaysia tel + 60 3 755 5889 fax + 60 3 759 3594 or ms susan butler macquarie dictionary macquarie university nsw 2109 australia tel + 61 2 9850 9800 , fax + 61 2 9888 2984 email sue @ dict . mq . edu . au
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 1619,""Subject: 8th international conference on functional grammar
  
  eighth international conference on functional grammar , july 6th-9th , 1998 the biennial series on conferences on functional grammar will be continued in 1998 at the vrije universiteit amsterdam ( netherlands ) , where a four-day conference will be held from 6th to 9th july 1998 . the conference will be held on the campus of the vrije universiteit and will comprise a number of plenary lectures , parallel sessions , poster sessions and workshops , as well as a range of social activities . all the papers at the conference will address issues arising within the theory of functional grammar , as presented in simon c . dik , * the theory of functional grammar * ( 2 parts ) , which is to be published ( posthumously ) by mouton de gruyter , berlin in the autumn of 1997 . a thematically based selection of the papers will , it is hoped , be prepared for publication in book form . the first call for papers will be sent out in august 1997 . those not already on the functional grammar mailing list and interested in receiving the first call or other information regarding the conference , should contact : prof . j . l . mackenzie department of english faculty of letters vrije universiteit de boelelaan 1105 1081 hv amsterdam the netherlands e-mail : mackenzi @ let . vu . nl fax : + 31-20 - 444 6500
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 1620,""Subject: machine translation summit vi
  
  mt summit vi : """" machine translation : past , present , future """" catamaran resort hotel san diego , 29 october-1 november 1997 http : / / www . isi . edu / natural-language / mtsummit . html a once - in-a - lifetime opportunity : no serious mt - ite can afford to miss mt summit vi in san diego next october . hosted by the association for machine translation in the americas ( amta ) on behalf of the international association for machine translation ( iamt ) , this year 's summit coincides with the 50th anniversary of machine translation . the celebration will be truly memorable . amta and its cooperating host institution , the information sciences institute / university of southern california , take great pleasure in inviting you to join us in commemorating this event . schedule : the following schedule gives an overview of the events that have been planned : tuesday , 28 october : 12 - hour excursion to ensenada ; all-day workshops on interlinguas / standards wednesday , 29 october : 3 - hour tutorials in morning and afternoon ; registration ; opening of exhibits / reception , 6 : 30 p . m . thursday , 30 october : plenary and parallel sessions , 9 : 00 a . m . - 5 : 30 p . m . ; exhibits , 10 : 30 - 5 : 30 p . m . ; boat cruise , 6 : 00 - 7 : 30 p . m . ; beach luau , 7 : 30 p . m . friday , 31 october : plenary and parallel sessions , 9 : 00 a . m . - 5 : 30 p . m . ; exhibits , 10 : 30 - 5 : 30 p . m . ; banquet , boat leaves at 6 : 30 p . m . saturday , 1 november : plenary and parallel sessions , 9 : 00a . m . - 5 : 30 p . m . ; exhibits , 10 : 30 - 3 : 00 p . m . the program : a rich menu of invited talks , submitted papers , and theater-style system presentations , together with a panel that will reunite early mt pioneers , will give special meaning to the conference 's theme , """" machine translation : past , present , and future . """" in a format combining both plenary and parallel sessions , the three - day program , including all day saturday , covers the trajectory of mt across the decades from the perspective of researchers , developers , and users . the session topics , to be addressed by experts from around the world , include : early mt history current state of mt mt r&d around the world the shape of commercial mt systems production mt the market perspective what do users need ? whither mt ? parallel to these main topics will be a second track of sessions that will include submitted papers and live system presentations in a theater-style setting . all sessions will be audiotaped , and copies of the tapes will be available for purchase on-site shortly after each session ends . tutorials and workshops on wednesday , 29 october , participants are offered a selection of four 3 - hour tutorials : morning , 9-12 a . m . """" a gentle introduction to mt : theory and current practice """" - eduard hovy """" making mt work for you """" - marjorie leo ' n afternoon , 2 - 5 p . m . """" mt evaluation : old , new , and recycled """" - john white """" postediting mt : strategies and methods """" - karin spalink in addition , two workshops-one on the subject of interlinguas and the other on standardization-are being offered on tuesday , 28 october , outside the framework of the conference for attendees who wish to come a day earlier . there will be a nominal charge . those interested should contact the organizers directly . steve helmreich ( shelmrei @ crl . nmsu . edu ) is coordinating the workshop on interlinguas , and alan melby ( melbya @ byu . edu ) is responsible for the one on standards . exhibits : in addition to the theater-style system presentations in the regular program , throughout the conference mt developers will also be showcasing their latest breakthroughs in the exhibit hall . exhibits coordinator kim belvin ( kbelvin @ ucsd . edu ) has put out a call for exhibitors and is expecting a record-breaking array of products and systems . this will be """" one-stop shopping """" at its best for all mt - ites , whether their interest is in purchasing or licensing mt systems or in viewing , understanding , and comparing them . there will also be tabletop exhibit space , available at a lower fee , for publishers and nonprofit research groups . anyone interested in exhibiting should contact kim at the e-mail address above as soon as possible because booths will be assigned on a first-come , first-served basis and there may not be enough room for all who want to exhibit . related events : because of the celebratory nature of this year 's summit , a number of other exciting activities will be rounding out the rest of the conference schedule . an all-day excursion to ensenada , a major mexican seaport and tourist center , is planned for tuesday , 28 october . this spectacular 50 - mile ride down the baja california coast will include a stop at rosarito beach ; a typical mexican lunch at a restaurant with breathtaking views ; a tour of ensenada followed by time for shopping , wine-tasting , museum-going , or strolling ; and an elegant gourmet dinner by the ocean at sunset-all this for us $ 65 . 00 . tutorials and registration will take place all day wednesday , 29 october , and the conference proper will open with the 50th anniversary reception at 6 : 30 p . m . in the exhibit area . the reception is complimentary , sponsored in part by logos corporation . box lunches will be available during the three days of the conference . tickets for the three lunches may be purchased for a total of us $ 18 . 00 . on the morning of thursday , 30 october , there will be a welcome breakfast for participants ' spouses or other traveling companions , at which time they will be given suggestions of various things to do in the san diego area . thursday evening will be a double-header . at 6 : 00 p . m . the hotel 's magnificently detailed triple-deck sternwheeler , the """" wm . d . evans , """" will take participants and their companions on a complimentary cruise of mission bay , sponsored in part by systran software . during the cruise the entertainment will include drawings for our exciting mt - oriented raffle ( see separate story ) , to be emceed by bill fry . on disembarkation at 7 : 30 p . m . there will be a hawaiian luau on the beach ( us $ 20 . 00 per person ) . finally , the banquet ( us $ 50 . 00 per person ) will be held on friday , 31 october , on the top floor of the bahia hotel , a sister property of the catamaran , also on mission bay . this site was chosen for its spectacular nighttime views stretching to mexico in the south and la jolla in the north . transportation will be provided on the """" bahia belle , """" the hotel 's smaller sternwheeler . later in the evening the """" bahia belle """" opens to the public with a live band and dancing ; those returning from the banquet may choose to remain on board at no extra cost and continue to cruise around the bay . site and accommodations : the catamaran resort hotel is a tropical paradise wedged between its own beach on mission bay and the public boardwalk and pacific ocean just a few steps away . its conference center is perfect for mt summit vi , with bright airy rooms open to terraces , gardens , patios , and the beach on the bay . the hotel has a pool , jacuzzi , fitness center , and business center . bicycles , skates , and various types of boats are available for rent . the immediate vicinity offers many shops and restaurants as well as grocery stores and carry-outs . hotel parking passes are available at a special conference rate of us $ 10 for three nights . the guest rooms are luxuriously appointed , all with doors opening onto either a terrace or a balcony . the special conference rates are us $ 99 . 00 for an interior garden view and us $ 109 . 00 for a view of the bay or ocean . rooms in the tower have kitchenettes and sweeping views . participants should make their reservations directly with the catamaran - in the u . s . : + 1 800 / 288-0770 ; from canada : 800 / 233 - 8172 ; from elsewhere : + 1 619 / 488-1081 ; fax : + 1 619 / 488-1619 . neither space nor rates can be guaranteed after 28 september , so make your reservation early ! get there for less ! conventions in america , the summit 's official travel agency , offers discounts on american airlines and alamo rent a car and lowest available fares on any airline . call + 1 800 / 929-4242 in the united states and canada or + 1 619 / 453-3686 from elsewhere ; fax + 1 619 / 453-7976 ; or e-mail flycia @ scitravel . com . be sure to mention group # 547 . additional information : complete registration packets were mailed at the beginning of june to members of aamt , amta , and eamt , including the preliminary program flier , hotel registration form , and assorted other fliers . if you are not a member of one of the regional associations , you may obtain this packet by contacting the mt summit vi registrar : phone / fax : + 1 703 / 716-0912 ; e-mail : amta @ clark . net . you may also register on-line at this website . coordinates : general chair muriel vasconcellos president , iamt phone : + 1 619 / 272-3360 fax : + 1 619 / 272-3361 e - mail : murielvasconcellos @ compuserve . com program chair winfield scott bennett logos corporation phone : + 1 201 / 398-8710 x 104 fax : + 1 201 / 398-6102 e - mail : wsben @ ibm . net local arrangements chair laurie gerber systran software phone : + 1 619 / 459-6700 x 119 fax : + 1 619 / 459-8487 e - mail : lgerber @ systransoft . com exhibits coordinator kim belvin phone : + 1 619 / 481-8446 fax : + 1 619 / 350-8613 e - mail : kbelvin @ ucsd . edu registrar deborah becker amta / iamt focal point phone / fax : + 703 / 716-0912 e - mail : amta @ clark . net
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 1621,""Subject: mongolian programs
  
  dear netters , i am looking for american universities which offer couses in mongolian . any information would be appreciated . thanks for your help . please e-mail me at blanch @ iname . com . duane l . blanchard
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 1622,""Subject: references needed : computer - mediated discourse
  
  i ' ve been asked to write a chapter for a handbook of discourse analysis ( edited by deborah tannen , deborah schiffrin and heidi hamilton , to be published by blackwell publishers ) on the topic of computer-mediated discourse . in the interests of making the chapter as up-to - date and comprehensive as possible , i 'd like to hear from you if you ( or anyone you know ) had published in this area , so that i can mention your work in the chapter if it 's appropriate . i ' m looking for references ( brief descriptions would also be helpful ) to published work or work accepted for publication that analyzes some form of computer-mediated communication from a linguistic or ethnographic perspective , with a focus on language or language use . i 'd especially be interested in hearing from researchers i do n't know or with whom i ' ve never corresponded before who publish in this area . ( i ' ve compiled a list of about 80 references ; if i know you , chances are good i may already have included some of your work . ) my deadline for completing the chapter is august 31 , so i would need to hear from you before then in order to be able to incorporate mention of your work . feel free to redistribute this message to anyone you think might be interested . thanks in advance for your help , susan herring susan herring associate professor program in linguistics university of texas arlington , tx 76019 usa susan @ utafll . uta . edu ( fax ) 817-272 - 2731 ( tel ) 817-272 - 3133 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
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 1623,""Subject: re : 8 . 1059 , disc : evolution analytic > synthetic
  
  on sun , 13 jul 1997 bill bennett wrote : if my language use sought conciseness > ( implicitness ) , than in time it might be working at the well-known > """" now for cocoa and i ' ll put the cat out """" with one vocable , the > language might end as """" ugh """" ( synethesis ) - unless the language were to > be """" saved """" by a countering balance in explicitness . i ' ve always enjoyed the verbal humor of the marx brothers , what with their puns and all ( phonology is the beginning of humor ) , but only in my dotage am i beginning to understand the exquisite wit and profundity of burns & allens , e . g . , what is going on in terms of expectations for the discourse management of information in the following exchange . gracie : i cut myself with soup the other day . george : hunh ? gracie : the other day i cut myself with soup . george : you cut yourself with soup ? gracie : yeah , i was opening the can and . . . keep it up with the implicit and the explicit and the concise and economy for the speaker vs . intelligibility for the addressee and-all - that . in the final analysis , it is such exchanges as burns & allens which ultimately explains why language will never reduce to ugh . say goodnight . . .
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 1624,""Subject: summary : pig latins
  
  in may , 1996 , i published a request for information on foreign pig latins . i apologize for the delay in summarizing the results . you can thank dan downs and waruno mahdi for keeping me honest and inspiring me to do this at last . i got such a great response that it was an intmidating job . forgive me ! i had n't taken the time to summarize the results until now , but here are the languages and rules that i was given . i appreciate the information ! thanks to the following contributors in totally random order : neil bermel william byrne """" nadine """" robert lyle good marina yaguello paul de lacy marc picard geoffrey sampson andrew s . mccullough jack aubert nevin leder scott martens billy clark jack hall judit j . toth mark a . wilson marc hamann annabel cormack nancy frishberg john goldsmith forrest richey trey jones dale russell lex olorenshaw liz mckeown marion kee salvatore attardo nobuko koyama - murakami ( which sounds like a language game already ; - ) john goldsmith , who edited the handbook of phonological theory , recommends bruce bagemihl 's survey of pig latins within that book . it was published by basil blackwell 's and reissued in paperback in 1996 . ( this is highly recommended , even by people who are not john goldsmith ! ) everyone said that these are called """" language games """" rather than """" toy languages """" , but my family is so competitive that if a game does n't have a winner and loser it 's not a game ! ( hence my use of the word """" toy """" ! ) here are specific examples : chinese : onsset of a typical monosyllabic word is prepended to a different rime , which is suffixed to a different onset ( possibly k ) """" zhai kang """" for """" zhang """" mandarin : fanquie languages ( each example has its own name , based on the pattern involved ; no example given ) dutch : backward speaking : reverse syllables and sometimes words ( emerged from economic causes - - needed secret speech so other fisherman would n't learn their secrets ) english : insert / ab / between onset and rime of each syllable """" maby nabame abis babill """" for """" my name is bill """" . ( also with / ^ b / , called """" ubby dubby """" ; sample at very end ) gibberish : insert """" itherg """" after each consonant """" bithergy thitherga witherrgay """" for """" by the way """" bicycle : insert @ s ( schwa s ) after every consonant : """" h @ se t @ sold m @ sse """" for """" he told me """" eggegg langeggwagegg : add ' egg ' after every consonant : """" theganksegg yeggou """" for """" thank you """" zambuda : english pronounced wrong in every possible way ! long vowels became short ; c pronounced s when should have been k . """" @ - nosk beh-faw - re een-tee - rynj """" for """" knock before entering """" yardle bardle : those particular words were interspersed in such a way that the victim - - er , eavesdropper - - could never figure out the rules . ob-talk , from the firesign theatre : """" ob """" before words ( breaks down into raucous imitation of rooster calls at a cockfight ) arp-bark : put / arp / before """" first vowel of every syllable """" ( and i thought there was only one vowel per syllable anyway ) """" harpellarpo """" for """" hello """" french : verlan : individual words are said backwwords . """" verlan """" for """" l ' enverse """" ( meaning """" backwords """" """" zomblou """" for """" blouson """" ( jacket ) german : """" lav """" inserted after vowels . """" ilavich wohlavonelave ilavin balavad holavombulavurg """" for """" ich wohne in bad hombburg """" hungarian : put """" v """" after the vowel and repeat the vowel : """" tu - vudsz i-vigy be-ve - sze ' - ve ' - lni ' vi """" for """" tudsz igy besze ' lni """" more advanced : say / rg / isntead of / v / . italian : """" latino maccheronico """" - not the same thing . uses italian roots and attaches latin inflection morphology for humorous effect . italian language game : subsstitute initial consonant with """" f """" """" fatino faccheronic """" for """" latino maccheronico """" japanese : ba - bi-bu - be-bo language : insert """" b """" plus vowel between syllables """" waba taba sibi waba """" for """" watasi-wa """" portuguese : sima language : insert """" sima """" [ after vowels , i think ] """" quecima-rosima cocima-mesima ( or cocima-mercima ) alcima-gocima ) for """" quero comer algo """" linga do pe : ( language of the letter p ) here 's how one version of it works : 1 . add [ p ] to the end of each syllable . 2 . after the [ p ] you just added to the syllable , copy the rime of that syllable . ( rime = nucleus plus coda ) . 3 . change open syllables in closed [ o ] and [ e ] to the open vowels [ o ] and [ e ] , respectively . 4 . disregard the stress patterns of the original word / sentence ; instead , stress the * copy * of each rime . example : voce ^ cortou o seu cabelo ? did you cut your hair ? vopo ' - cepe ' corpor ' - toupou ' opo ' seupeu ' capa ' - bepe ' - lopo ' ? another person sent this example : """" quepe-ropo copo-mepe alpo-gopo """" for """" quero comer algo """" russian : fufajskij yazyk : place """" fu """" before every syllable in a word : """" fuprifuyet """" for """" privet """" porosyachia latin ( pig latin ) : can be formed different ways . military pig latin : """" ka """" instead of """" fu """" : """" katy kakukada kaseikachas kaikadiosh """" for """" ty kuda sejchas idiosh """" spanish : insert [ vf ] between onset and rime of each syllable , where [ v ] is the vowel of the rime : """" mefe llafamofo bifill """" for """" me llamo bill """" insert / po / to the end of each syllable : """" copomopo espotaspo """" for """" como estas """" yakut : """" pig latin """" - - imitation of """" russian pig latin """" ( no examples given ) thanks again to everyone for your contributions and interest . i ' ll eagerly accept further contributions at my new address : markell8 @ aolcom yubbu gubbuys ubbar grubbate ! ubay hubope yubbu uball hubbav ubba gubbood subbumubber !
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 1625,""Subject: summary on english adjectives
  
  dear linguists , about a week ago i posted the following query . > i am working on english adjectives . are the following sentences > acceptable ? if acceptable , please mark them with a check . > if not acceptable , please mark them with a cross . if uncertain > or dubious , please mark them with a question mark . any > comment is welcome . > > ( 1 ) john was careful to lock the door . > ( 2 ) john was greedy to keep all the money to himself . > ( 3 ) john was worthy to be praised by them all . > ( 4 ) the place is convenient to visit . > ( 5 ) john is jealous that she succeeded . > ( 6 ) john was bored to hear her endless talk . > ( 7 ) john was confused to be told to do so many things at once . > ( 8 ) john was hurt to be insulted . > ( 9 ) i am eager that they should win . > ( 10 ) john was incredulous that mary put it into practice . > ( 11 ) mary is keen that we should go . > ( 12 ) it was heroic of them to oppose the invader . > ( 13 ) john was irresponsible to sabotage his duties . > ( 14 ) it is significant that they worked as volunteers . > ( 15 ) it is sufficient to give him some money . > ( 16 ) it is not suitable to dress casual at a wedding reception . i have received 17 replies . i would like to thank those who gave wme answers and comments . the following is the numbers of informants who indicated respective acceptability in each sentence . acceptable dubious / unacceptable uncertain ( 1 ) 16 1 0 ( 2 ) 7 4 6 ( 3 ) 7 7 3 ( 4 ) 15 1 1 ( 5 ) 13 3 1 ( 6 ) 8 2 7 ( 7 ) 6 3 8 ( 8 ) 7 2 8 ( 9 ) 11 4 2 ( 10 ) 15 2 0 ( 11 ) 11 3 3 ( 12 ) 16 0 1 ( 13 ) 6 3 8 ( 14 ) 17 0 0 ( 15 ) 16 1 0 ( 16 ) 10 1 6 part of discussion and analysis of this data will be presented by professor katsumasa yagi ( kwansei gakuin university , japan ) at the 24th lacus forum to be held at the university of york , toronto , ontario , canada on 2nd august and in his subsequent papers . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - atsuko umesaki ( tezukayama college ) e-mail : sgs03312 @ niftyserve . or . jp umesaki @ tezukayama-u . ac . jp - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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 1626,""Subject: huron
  
  i am doing research about indigenous languages for a writer at the banff centre . he is looking for a specific article but can only provide me with the following information : he knows that the huron language is considered an endangered language . but , he has been informed by a linguist friend of an article written about an elderly man living in the detroit area who learned this language as a boy from his grand-mother in the 1920 's . this man does not wish to speak with people or take inquiries . however , an article was written about him and his experiences . there was hope that this article was printed in _ orion nature quarterly _ magazine sometime in 1995 . the editor was contacted , but has not yet responded . without a complete citation , i cannot request a copy of this article , if one was written on this subject . does anyone have any information on this topic or this specific article ? i would really appreciate any information that you can provide or point me to . there is however a rush on this request . i would appreciate any information by july 31 , 1997 . thank you very much , nadia mazzuca - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - email : nadia _ mazzuca @ banffcentre . ab . ca the banff centre library banff , ab canada
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 1627,""Subject: expletive neg0 and opacity effects
  
  dear all , in the absence of n-words , italian marks sentential negation by ` non ' alone . opacity effects are created by ` non ' in the sense that a wh-operator cannot be extracted from a position below neg0 to , say , a higher speccp position . this effect is attributed within relativized minimality to the necessarily co-occuring non-overt operator in specnegp . the operator counts as a closer potential a ' - antecedent and prevents the moves wh-constituent from properly governing its trace . so far , so good . in french , ` ne ' ( = neg0 ) is not usually able to mark sentential negation on its own . in some contexts , however , it can , e . g . , with pseudo-modal verbs such as ` oser ' , ` pouvoir ' . interestingly , in such contexts , the same opacity effects are also produced , suggesting the presence of a non-overt operator in specnegp . so far , still so good . french ` ne ' also has expletive uses . for example , in the complement of adversative predicates and comparatives , ` ne ' can appear in formal styles without reversing polarity . in such contexts , opacity effects are not attested , suggesting that no non-overt operator occupies specnegp . what i 'd like to know is what the situation is in other languages , e . g . , spanish , catalan , and relevant non - romance varieties too . i think i ' m right in saying that , in these varieties in which the neg0 is normally sufficient to mark sentential negation alone , the neg0 morpheme ( e . g . , no ) also has expletive uses . the question is this : does expletive neg0 produce opacity effects in these languages or not ? relevant information about specific languages would be welcome , as would references to discussion in the literature . many thanks . paul dr paul rowlett head of french department of modern languages university of salford salford m5 4wt greater manchester united kingdom
 "",0
 1628,""Subject: new ucla dissertations in linguistics
  
  new ucla dissertations in linguistics ! ! - - the following new volumes of ucla dissertations in linguistics are now available , at the cost of $ 10 . 00 per volume - - # 17 - - direct object scrambling in dutch and italian child language by jeannette schaeffer ( 1997 ) # 18 - - semantic trees by dorit ben - shalom ( 1996 ) # 19 - - description theory , licensing theory , and principle - based grammars and parsers by thomas cornell ( 1992 ) # 20 - - consonant clusters and cue preservation in tsou by richard wright ( 1996 ) us $ 10 . 00 please send check or money order to : ucla dept . of linguistics , box 951543 , los angeles , ca 90095-1543
 "",0
 1629,""Subject: fifth international symposium
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for participation and registration the national language research institute fifth international symposium language study and thesaurus in the world and session 1 : language study and thesaurus 27th - 29th august 1997 tokyo , japan * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * place the national olympics memorial youth center international conference room 3 - 1 yoyogi kamizonocho , shibuya - ku , tokyo 151 odakyu - line sangubashi station by foot 5 min . language presentations and discussions by japanese and english with mutual simultaneous interpretation ( 29th ) with no interpretation ( 27-28 th ) registration please send the following information to the contact address below by mail or e - mail ( 1 ) name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 2 ) postal address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 3 ) affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 4 ) phone and fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 5 ) e - mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 6 ) please check ones you wish to attend [ ] session 1 27th august [ ] the reception for session 1 27th ( 6 : 00 - 8 : 00p . m . fee : 3 , 000yen ) [ ] session 1 28th [ ] symposium 29th [ ] the reception for symposium 29th ( 6 : 00 - 8 : 00p . m . ) no registration fee please apply by august 10 . there are cases where application may not be accepted for reasons of capacity . accomodation : sorry we can not reserve hotels . contact address secretariat of the 5th international symposium the national language research institute 3 - 9-14 nisigaoka kita - ku , tokyo 115 japan tel + 81 - 3-5993 - 7620 , 7621 fax : + 81 - 3-3906 - 3530 e - mail : yamazaki @ kokken . go . jp - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the national language research institute fifth international symposium session 1 language study and thesaurus 27th - 28th august 1997 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - program committee tetsuya ishikawa ( university of library and information science , tsukuba ) jun ' ichi iwata ( kyoto university of education , kyoto ) tokihisa kurasawa ( taisho university , sanseido , tokyo ) makoto takada ( university of tsukuba , tsukuba ) jun - ichi tsujii ( university of tokyo , tokyo ) hiroshi nakano ( the national language research institute , tokyo ) tooru hishinuma ( soka university , tokyo ) program information wednesday , 27 august registration 9 : 00am - opening ceremony 9 : 30am - language study and thesaurus , lexicograpy 9 : 45am - 12 : 00 0 . the interdisciplinary and international study on the thesaurus hiroshi nakano ( the national language research institute , japan ) 1 . a study of loanwords using oed2 on cd-rom : a critical consideration of the way oed2 reflects the process of naturalization of japanese loanwords . makimi kimura ( osaka university , japan ) 2 . english lexicography in the fifteenth century reiko takeda ( university of cambridge , u . k . ) 3 . needs for more linguistic descriptions and conceptional universals studies as a basic for compiling thesauruses linju ogasawara ( waseda university , japan ) 4 . aspects of polysemous words on thesaurus : a trial with """" bunruigoihyou edition """" misa otsuka ( nihon university , japan ) lunch 12 : 00 - 1 : 00pm invited lecture an outline of the study of the modern chinese vocabulary in the last twenty years zhou jian ( nankai university , china ) 1 : 00pm - 2 : 00pm contrastive study on vocabulary 2 : 00pm - 3 : 30pm 5 . a report on several polysemous words in chinese textbooks shinichi yamada ( takaoka national college , japan ) 6 . study of japanese korean bilingual thesaurus construction and vocabulary contrast song young bin ( hankuk university of foreign studies , republic of korea ) 7 . lexical contrastive study of japanese and arabic language warid farouk ibrahim ( gakushuin university , japan ) coffee break 3 : 30pm - 4 : 00pm second language education 4 : 00pm - 6 : 00pm 8 . the proposal of the lexeme code in the comparative study of vocabulary : comparison of the """" bunrui goihyou """" code with lexeme code . eishi hirose ( graduated school of literature , nagoya university , japan ) 9 . reconsidering the fundamental vocabulary for japanese language teaching : a preliminary study yasuko sasaki ( ochanomizu university , japan ) 10 . for understanding and using """" chiiki - seikatsu go ( geographical varieties of japanese ) """" : from the viewpoint of second language learning yuki mori ( mie university , japan ) 11 . words , related words , and thesauruses : some elt considerations andrew taylor ( city university of hong kong ) thursday , 28 august library science , natural language processing 9 : 30am - 12 : 00am 12 . unfolding thesaurus on a mutual reference retrieval system for japan / china - marc-db futoshi kawate , tetsuya ishikawa ( university of library and information science , japan ) 13 . menu systems for information retrieval using taxonomy of thesaurus : the use of japanese thesaurus """" bunrui goihyo """" yasuko senda ( communication and information research laboratory , central research institute of electric power industry , japan ) 14 . a clustering method for japanese signs based on similarity between manual motion features hisahiro adachi ( utsunomiya university , japan ) 15 . video retrieval based on the sentence similarity ichiro yamada , yeun - bae kim , masahiro shibata ( nhk science and technical research laboratories , japan ) 16 . a thesaurus for japanese - to - english machine translation kentaro ogura , hiromi nakaiwa , akio yokoo , satoshi shirai , ( ntt communication science lab . , japan ) masahiro miyazaki ( niigata university , japan ) satoru ikehara ( tottori university , japan ) lunch 12 : 00am - 1 : 00pm invited lecture 1 : 00pm - 2 : 00pm the semantic attribute system for machine translations masahiro miyazaki ( faculty of engineering , niigata university , japan ) meaning 2 : 00pm - 3 : 30pm 17 . the edr concept classification dictionary takano ogino , masanori kobayashi ( japan electronic dictionary research institute , ltd . , japan ) 18 . dynamic constructive thesaurus norihiro ogata ( research fellow of the japan society for the promotion of science , japan ) 19 . post - thesaurus classification of japanese words on inner japanese logic susumu yamada ( university of the sacred heart , japan ) coffee break 3 : 30pm - 4 : 00pm construction of thesaurus , terminology 4 : 00pm - 6 : 30pm 20 . a computational rule - driven thesaurus for japanese declinable words chieko nakabasami , shizuo shimada ( saitama university , japan ) 21 . identifying a web - based approach concerned with a lexical combination thesaurus isabelle meynard ( universite de montreal , canada ) 22 . a quantitative method for term recognition oueslati rochdi ( eric ( equipe de recherche en ingenierie des connaissances ) - ensais , france ) 23 . compound nouns as class nouns : examples from english and japanese megumi yui ( ph . d course at the university of tokyo , japan ) 24 . semantic classification of elements of japanese scientific terms by general semantic principles masahiko ishii ( the national language research institute ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the national language research institute 5th international symposium language study and thesaurus of the world friday , august 29 , 1997 international conference room national olympics memorial youth center tokyo , japan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - language : japanese and english ( simultaneous interpretation provided ) admission free registration 9 : 00 opening address 9 : 30 - 9 : 40 part 1 lectures 9 : 30-12 : 00 """" bunrui goihyo """" and study of japanese 9 : 40-10 : 00 hiroshi nakano ( the national language research institute ) semantics and the thesaurus 10 : 00-10 : 40 r . r . k . hartmann ( university of exeter ) concepts and the surface vocabulary 10 : 40-11 : 20 yorick wilks ( university of sheffield ) the history of chinese dictionaries 11 : 20-12 : 00 li xingjian ( dept . of applied linguistis of graduate school , chinese academy of social science ) lunch break 12 : 00-13 : 20 part2 thesaurus in the world 13 : 20-15 : 50 thesaurus in english 13 : 20-14 : 00 tom mcarthur ( editor , """" english today """" , cambridge university press ) thesaurus in hindi 14 : 00-14 : 30 arvind kumar ( free journalist ) thesauru in chinese 14 : 30-15 : 00 chen qinghuang ( beijing foreign studies university ) coffee break 15 : 00-15 : 20 thesaurus in japanese 15 : 20-15 : 50 tsunao ogino ( tokyo metropolitan university ) part3 discussion 15 : 50-17 : 10 some opinion 15 : 50-16 : 10 tatsuo miyajima ( kyoto tachibana women 's university ) discussion 16 : 10-17 : 10 comments 17 : 10-17 : 30 ooki hayashi ( the national language research institute ) closing 17 : 30 welcoming buffet party 18 : 00-20 : 00 reception hall * some titles may change without notice . participants : the plenary session : researchers and interested audience of about 200 . we will also hold the session on the thesaurus and language study . secretariat of the international symposium the national language research institite 3 - 9-14 nishigaoka , kita - ku , tokyo 115 fax : + 81 - 3-3906 - 3530 , e - mail : nakano @ kokken . go . jp inquiries to fax : + 81 - 3-3906 - 3530 , e - mail yamazaki @ kokken . go . jp http : / / www . kokken . go . jp the national language research institute home page
 "",0
 1630,""Subject: acceptability of english adjectives
  
  i am going to use a different marking system , a for acceptable , u for unacceptable , and there are none which i am unsure about . i have also added why they are unacceptable to me . by the way , i am a native of seattle . > dear linguists , > > about a week ago i posted the following query . > > > i am working on english adjectives . are the following sentences > > acceptable ? if acceptable , please mark them with a check . > > if not acceptable , please mark them with a cross . if uncertain > > or dubious , please mark them with a question mark . any > > comment is welcome . > > > a > ( 1 ) john was careful to lock the door . > u > ( 2 ) john was greedy to keep all the money to himself . ifyou change the preposition to for , then it 's acceptable to me > a > ( 3 ) john was worthy to be praised by them all . > a > ( 4 ) the place is convenient to visit . > a > ( 5 ) john is jealous that she succeeded . > a > ( 6 ) john was bored to hear her endless talk . > a > ( 7 ) john was confused to be told to do so many things at once . > a > ( 8 ) john was hurt to be insulted . > u > ( 9 ) i am eager that they should win . for them to win , jproblem with using a modal > a > ( 10 ) john was incredulous that mary put it into practice . > u > ( 11 ) mary is keen that we should go . british , again , keen is a problem for me , but i won't count that in deciding if it 's acceptable or not since it 's only a lexical difference . however , the ues of the modal here is wrong for me ( by the way , i spent a year in france teaching english in a french university , so i am familiar with the british system . > a > ( 12 ) it was heroic of them to oppose the invader . > u > ( 13 ) john was irresponsible to sabotage his duties . can't sabatoge duties > a > ( 14 ) it is significant that they worked as volunteers . > a > ( 15 ) it is sufficient to give him some money . > u > ( 16 ) it is not suitable to dress casual at a wedding reception . > casually > i have received 17 replies . i would like to thank those who gave > wme answers and comments . the following is the numbers of informants > who indicated respective acceptability in each sentence . > > acceptable dubious / unacceptable > uncertain > ( 1 ) 16 1 0 > ( 2 ) 7 4 6 > ( 3 ) 7 7 3 > ( 4 ) 15 1 1 > ( 5 ) 13 3 1 > ( 6 ) 8 2 7 > ( 7 ) 6 3 8 > ( 8 ) 7 2 8 > ( 9 ) 11 4 2 > ( 10 ) 15 2 0 > ( 11 ) 11 3 3 > ( 12 ) 16 0 1 > ( 13 ) 6 3 8 > ( 14 ) 17 0 0 > ( 15 ) 16 1 0 > ( 16 ) 10 1 6 > > part of discussion and analysis of this data will be presented by > professor katsumasa yagi ( kwansei gakuin university , japan ) at the > 24th lacus forum to be held at the university of york , toronto , > ontario , canada on 2nd august and in his subsequent papers . > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > atsuko umesaki ( tezukayama college ) > e-mail : sgs03312 @ niftyserve . or . jp > umesaki @ tezukayama-u . ac . jp > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",0
 1631,""Subject: sum : quantification
  
  about four weeks ago , in linguist 8 . 948 , i asked a question on behalf of the basque language academy 's grammar commission about the standard or recommended scope of """" quantifier """" and """" quantification """" as grammatical terms , with special reference to the function of """" so many """" and """" so """" in sentences like : there were so many students that we needed a larger classroom . the students were so intelligent that we needed to get another teacher . i wished to know whether it is considered terminologically appropriate to say that not only """" many """" and """" so many """" but also """" very """" and """" so """" quantify , and thus that the function of all of these ( including what i call degree modifiers ) is quantification . better to contextualize the terminological problem that motivated the question in the first place and to help clarify the following report / discussion , let me suggest , ad hoc , calling the two positions contemplated the """" quantifiers versus degree modifiers """" position and the """" quantifiers subsuming degree modifiers """" position respectively ; or for short , the versus position and the subsuming position . it is also only honest for me to declare at this point that my personal position has always been and continues to be that of the versus view , although i tried to word the original question neutrally . at this point i perhaps ought to note that several respondents seem to prefer to treat """" so many ( students ) """" and """" so ( intelligent ) """" as merely various occurrences of a single item """" so """" rather than treating _ so many _ as an """" item """" to be discussed in its own right . i view this as a manifestation of linguistic anglocentrism : unlike english , in many languages """" so many """" is not expressed by the item equivalent to english """" so """" plus a quantifier equivalent to english """" many """" , and since i was not particularly asking about english in my question , i reject the assumption that the english lexical composition of """" so many """" is of crucial relevance to the issue i raised . thanks to the following who responded to my question : bruce d . despain , patricia galea , e . h . klein - v . d . laaken , jan k . lindstrom , p . l . peterson and marilyn n . silva . a summary of their answers and suggestions follows , with an interjection of my own personal opinion at times , identified by my initials ark . marilyn silva supports the versus position , stating that """" quantifiers determine noun phrases , not adjectives . """" for """" very """" and """" so """" she prefers the term """" intensifier """" to my proposed """" degree modifier """" . patricia galea expresses the same views . ( [ ark : ] since my original question was not about the latter terms , i shall refrain from defending my preference of """" degree modifier """" over """" intensifier """" in this context ; larry trask 's _ dictionary of grammatical terms in linguistics _ treats the two terms as interchangeble . ) marilyn silva also discussed what i called """" consecutive """" sentences , pointing out that the subordinate clauses in the two english examples cited above , """" . . . that we needed a larger classroom """" and """" . . . that we needed to get another teacher """" , are called """" adverbial clauses of extent """" in her treatment of english grammar , _ grammar in many voices _ ( ntc pub . group , 1995 ) . she considers that here """" it is the clause that seems to quantify , not the intensifier in the main clause """" . silva went on to point out that english clauses of extent can be licensed by a main clause containing _ so _ ( with or without _ many _ ) , as above , but also by one containing _ such _ , as in : george was such a gentleman that he never raised his voice . and draws our attention to the fact that _ such _ could hardly be called a quantifier . ( [ ark : ] this argument seems to be of general typological interest , independently of the fact that there is no real equivalent of this use of _ such _ in basque . ) in all these sentences with extent clauses , silva argues , """" it is the [ subordinate ] clause that seems to quantify , not the intensifier in the main clause . . . which merely licenses the subordinate clause . """" according to silva , then , _ so _ and _ such _ should not be lumped together with items like _ many _ or _ very _ in any case , in line with the view that they do not themselves quantify but merely license a subordinate clause which quantifies . looking beyond english , jan lindstrom pointed out that in swedish a single lexical item , _ mycket _ , functions both as a quantifier ( of nouns ) meaning """" much """" and as a degree modifier or intensifier of adjectives meaning """" very """" , providing the following examples : 1 ) da """" r fanns mycket folk . ' there was much people ' 2 ) hon a """" r mycket intelligent . ' she is very intelligent ' lindstrom does not seem to be defending a particular terminological usage in providing this observation , but merely wishes to offer useful information that may be of interest in the discussion . [ ark : ] it seems to me that while the interest of this sort of observation is undeniable , it does not obviate the need for a terminological distinction , nor does it justify the subsumes position , but rather illustrates the need for linguists to employ a clear meta-language to enable us to distinguish between items or uses even where , as here , their formal expressions overlap language-specifically . ( by the way , some other instances of the use of a single form for """" very """" and """" much """" include portuguese _ muito _ , catalan _ molt _ , and italian _ molto _ ; but i can think of many more languages that do not show this kind of overlap or homonymy . ) philip peterson wrote discussing in somewhat more abstract terms the actual semantics of terms like """" many """" and """" more """" , and referred me to his article """" complexly fractionated syllogistic quantifiers """" ( journal of philosophical logic , 1991 , 20 , 287-313 ) . bruce despain 's comments are oriented to language-specific issues of syntactic classification of quantifiers in english that are not likely to be relevant to a description of basque , for which reason i shall not report his suggestions here . henny klein brought to my attention the following bibliographical reference : gary , e . ( 1979 ) extent in english . a unified account of degree and quantity . phd thesis , university of california , los angeles . in summary , none of those who responded favoured the subsuming position according to which """" very """" and """" so """" can be referred to as quantifiers or their function as quantification ( unless that was what jan lindstrom wished to imply ; it is my understanding that it was not ) . four of the six answers do not actually lean one way or the other . the two answers that address my question directly and suggest an answer , those of silva and galea , both constitute votes for the versus position . eskerrik asko denoi ( many thanks to all ) alan r . king , ph . d . alanking @ bigfoot . com alternative email addresses : mccay @ redestb . es , a @ eirelink . com , 70244 . 1674 @ compuserve . com snail : orkolaga plaza 3 1a , 20800 zarautz , basque country , spain phone : + 34-43 - 134125 / fax : + 34-43 - 130396 visit my web page at - - > http : / / www . eirelink . com / alanking /
 "",0
 1632,""Subject: summary : heavy onsets references
  
  original query :
 "",0
 1633,""Subject: summary : vowel deletion between two like consonants
  
  quite some time ago , i wrote requesting information concerning instances of proper names where the pronunciation reflects a deletion of a vowel occuring between two like consonants in the spelling of the name . i cited such names as farrer [ fer ] worcester [ wust ^ r ] and leicester [ lest ^ r ] and had hoped to find a whole slew of other names exhibiting this phenomenon . unfortunately , i got no responses which dealt with proper nouns . however , i did get some interesting responses discussing how this occurs in hungarian , arabic , and english outside the realm of proper nouns . thanks to all who responded . sorry i did n't post sooner . it 's just that i had hoped to get something on proper nouns before replying . sincerely , david harris david harris david @ las-inc . com language analysis systems voice : ( 703 ) 834-6200 ext . 242 2214 rock hill road , suite 201 fax : ( 703 ) 834-6230 herndon , va 22070 original query : > i ' ve been thinking about names like worcester , leicester , and > gloucester which , though perhaps viewed by most of my fellow americans > as strange relics of british eccentricity , really do follow a simple > and straightforward phonological process where two like consonantal > continuants separated by a weak vowel ( in this case schwa ) are merged > into one by the deletion of this weak vowel . the same phenomenon > occurs with the name of a school in provo , utah which i attended as an > adolescent : > > farrer junior high school > this is pronounced """" fair """" ( or """" ferr """" if your accent makes a > difference between [ er ] and [ eir ] which mine does n't ) > > anyway , using a regular expression , i searched the 1990 us census > list of 80 , 000 surnames available on the web in order to find names > in which like consonants were separated by one vowel and came across > a few more from various language groups that may or may not be > examples of this . ( it 's hard to know when you can't have the names > pronounced for you as well as see them written . ) my question , then , > is this : > i would be interested in knowing in what other languages this > phenomenon occurs and with what other sounds . judging from some of > the names i encountered in my search , i suspect that it may occur in > japanese where [ i ] and [ u ] deletion causes two like consonants to be > connected together . also , in languages where word-internal gemination > is phonemic , i ' m curious as to whether simplification occurs as it > does in english or if the gemination retains its full phonological > value . please include as many examples as you can with your comments > and i will post a complete summary to the list . any other > observations about this phenomenon are also welcome . beginning of responses : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1 - subject : worcester here is a hungarian example : _ ko2zta1rsasa1g _ / ko / starsasa : g / fast / casual [ ko / stassa : g ] ` republic ' and another lexicalized one : _ azt hiszem _ / ast hisem / > [ asisem ] > [ assem ] ` that - acc believe - i ' i cannot think of examples with non-coronals , but that - i think _ has to do with statistics . symbols : o / = ipa slashed o ( round front mid vowel ) , s = eng sh a = round back low vowel e = ipa epsilon best , peter szigetvari szigetva @ osiris . elte . hu * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 2 - from : russell @ ukraine . corp . mot . com ( dale russell ) to : dharris @ las-inc . com phonological process - - worcester / gloucester / leicester > also , in languages where word-internal gemination is phonemic , i ' m > curious as to whether simplification occurs as it does in english > or if the gemination retains its full phonological value . does such simplification always occur in english ? does """" meanness """" rhyme exactly with """" venus """" ? i ' ve heard this example used to argue that english does make at least limited use of the concept of the mora , claiming that both / n / s in """" meanness """" get pronounced . dale russell russell @ ukraine . corp . mot . com * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 3 - subject : deleted vowel in response to your linguist posting : note that am . eng . speakers often delete the schwa between the / d / 's , so that """" where did he go """" becomes """" where 'd he go """" , and """" how did she do that """" becomes """" how 'd she do that """" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dan loehr """" wherever you go , there you are . """" georgetown university loehrd @ gusun . acc . georgetown . edu - buckaroo bonzai http : / / www . geocities . com / athens / 4944 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 - from : """" robert port """" < port @ cs . indiana . edu > deleted vs in eng to : dharris @ las-inc . com first syllable of farrer ? ? content - length : 503 vowel elision x - confirm - reading - to : cpeust @ gwdg . de x - pmrqc : 1 priority : normal look into arabic : the 3rd person singular of the perfect tense of verbs is most commonly formed cacaca ( c being the root consonants ) , e . g . kataba """" he wrote """" the first person of this verb is katabtu """" i wrote """" now verbs with two identical consonants behave irregularly : while the 1st person sg . of the verb """" to pass """" is marartu """" i passed """" , the 3rd person is marra """" he passed """" instead of the expected * marara . the same is true for many other semitic languages ( hebrew etc . ) . carsten peust seminar of egyptology and coptology goettingen cpeust @ gwdu20 . gwdg . de or cpeust @ gwdg . de
 "",0
 1634,""Subject: diachrony and the minimalist program
  
  a few weeks ago i posted a query on the ' list regarding references for studies carried out within the framework of the minimalist program . thanks a lot for the answers and here are they are in a """" kind of """" shortened version : - ) . mark douglas arnold ( mdarnold @ wam . umd . edu ) offered his dissertation about the loss of verb movement in english of which a highly condensed versions can be found in the proceedings of nels 26 , and the proceedings of wccfl 15 . arnold , mark d . ( 1996 ) . double object constructions and indirect object passives : problems posed by history """" , in proceedings of wccfl 15 , pp . 1-15 . arnold , mark d . ( 1995a ) . case , periphrastic """" do """" , and the loss of verb movement in english """" . phd dissertation , university of maryland . arnold , mark d . ( 1995b ) . """" notations of economy in language chance : the spread of perphrastic """" do """" , in proceedings of nels 26 , pp . 121-134 . deborah arteaga ( darteaga @ nevada . edu ) has done some studies on old french within the framework of minimalism , of which i only list the newest ones , the others can be seen on her homepage , accessible through ( http : / / www . nscee . edu : 80 / unlv / colleges / college _ of _ liberal _ art / foreign _ languages / ) deborah artega ( to appear ) . sobre la construcci = f3n de complemento objeto doble en el franc = e9s antiguo , in : """" revista de filologia francesa de la universidad complutense de madrid """" . - / - . ( 1995 ) . on old french genitive constructions , selected proceedings from the twenty - second linguistic _ symposium on the romance languages , in """" contemporary research in romance linguistics : papers from the 22nd linguistic symposium on the romance languages , pp . 79 - 90 . - / - . ( 1995 ) on strong and weak possessives in old french , in : """" language quarterly 333 , pp . 67-80 . cassian braconnier ( cassian @ worldnet . net ) informed me about a book by jean - yves pollock which touches upon diachrony and mp . jean - yves pollock , langage et cognition , introduction au programme minimaliste de la grammaire generative , especially pages 148 , 153 , 160 and 166 . mark hale ( hale1 @ alcor . concordia . ca ) informed me about an article he is just about to finish , a book of his of which the syntax portion is written in the minimalism framework , as well as about an article in the nels : mark hale ( to appear ) the diachronic implications of mimimalism , in : """" interdisciplinary syntax """" - / - ( to appear ) , """" theory and method in historical linguistics """" , blackwell stefan frisch , ( 1995 ) , evidence for economy of projection in historical change , """" nels """" , vol 2 . p . 191 - 203 . henrik rosenkvist ( henrik rosenkvist @ nordlund . lu . se ) contributed : eithne guilfoyle ( 1995 ) infinitivals and the transparency principle revisited , in : """" nels """" , vol 2 . p . 205 - 209 . and luis silva - villar ( lsilvav @ ucla . edu ) told me about his dissertation : silva - villar , luis ( 1996 ) . enclisis in northwestern iberian languages : a diachronic theory . university of california , los angeles . thanks again to everyone for your contributions and interest . i ' ll eagerly accept further informations on diachrony and minimalism : - ) . susann
 "",0
 1635,""Subject: re : 8 . 1082 , sum : english adjectives
  
  editor 's note : we received the following correction to 8 . 1082 , english adjectives . > > dear linguists , > > about a week ago i posted the following query . > > > i am working on english adjectives . are the following sentences > > acceptable ? if acceptable , please mark them with a check . > > if not acceptable , please mark them with a cross . if uncertain > > or dubious , please mark them with a question mark . any > > comment is welcome . > > > > ( 1 ) john was careful to lock the door . + > > ( 2 ) john was greedy to keep all the money to himself . + > > ( 3 ) john was worthy to be praised by them all . > > ( 4 ) the place is convenient to visit . > > ( 5 ) john is jealous that she succeeded . > > ( 6 ) john was bored to hear her endless talk . > + > ( 7 ) john was confused to be told to do so many things at once . ? > > ( 8 ) john was hurt to be insulted . > > ( 9 ) i am eager that they should win . > > ( 10 ) john was incredulous that mary put it into practice . > > ( 11 ) mary is keen that we should go . > > ( 12 ) it was heroic of them to oppose the invader + > > ( 13 ) john was irresponsible to sabotage his duties . > > ( 14 ) it is significant that they worked as volunteers . > > ( 15 ) it is sufficient to give him some money . + > ( 16 ) it is not suitable to dress casual at a wedding reception . > sorry , some problems with signs ! + means not acceptable , nothing means acceptable . best , rod .
 "",0
 1636,""Subject: re : 8 . 1098 , qs : french , chinese poetry , bannock
  
  > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - message 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > date : sat , 26 jul 1997 20 : 23 : 41 - 0400 > from : ewb2 @ cornell . edu ( e . wayles browne ) > subject : question for french speakers > > in english one can distinguish two different placements of an adverb > with two different readings : > > ( 1 ) the conflict is not clearly an international problem . """" perhaps > the conflict is an international problem , perhaps it is not an > international problem ; whether it is an international problem or not > is not clear . """" > > ( 2 ) the conflict is clearly not an international problem . """" the > conflict is not an international problem . that is clear . """" > > in french , does > > ( 3 ) le conflit n ' est clairement pas un probl = e8me international . have > the meaning of ( 1 ) or ( 2 ) or both ? are there other possible placements > of _ clairement _ which would have a meaning differing from that of ( 3 ) ? rejean canac marquis , uqam ( linguistics ) & simon fraser university ( french dept ) clearly , sentence ( 3 ) has the meaning ( 2 ) , not ( 1 ) . if clairement is after pas , then meaning ( 1 ) takes over . this is of course without special stress or break . hope this is hopeful . best , rcm .
 "",0
 1637,""Subject: re : 8 . 1107 , qs : lang . games , """" democratic , """" word change
  
  dear mr . ungar : is us congress incorrect ? any noun can modify another noun . but the heart of your question is that employment of democratic makes most people associate feelings deriving from the political process : democratic elections , etc . most republicans would hardly utter an unfavorable word about """" democracy """" though its origins are hardly as uncontroversial . democrat calls forth associations with figures in the democratic party , many of whom are personally unlikable or do not enjoy reputations for integrity or ethics . so the republican strategy is actually quite clever . particularly in view of the fact that the republic party would call forth the same positive associations since our electorate is blissfully unaware of the significant differences between the two forms of government . the democrats used to try to do something similar with """" party of nixon """" , """" party of hoover """" but since educational decline in this country , how many high school graduates know who hoover or nixon were ? it is a dilemma for propagandists ! pat
 "",0
 1638,""Subject: call : spanish in us / contact
  
  call for papers 7th unm conference on ibero - american culture & society : """" spanish and portuguese in contact with other languages """" jointly with 16th conference on spanish in the united states 12-14 february 1998 university of new mexico , albuquerque usa * - * - * in celebration of the 400th anniversary of the founding * - * - * * - * - * - * of the first spanish settlement in new mexico in 1598 * - * - * plenary speakers : carol a . klee ( university of minnesota ) ana roca ( florida international university ) papers dealing with any aspect of spanish in the u . s . or of spanish or portuguese in contact with other languages are welcome . oral presentations will be limited to twenty minutes . the deadline for receipt of abstracts ( maximum of 500 words ) is november 15 , 1997 . abstracts may be submitted by e-mail or regular mail . e - mail abstracts : place all identifying information ( name , address , telephone number ) along with title of paper at the beginning of the message , followed by three blank lines , the title repeated , and the abstract . regular mail abstracts : 3 copies of abstract with title and no identifying information , with accompanying 3x5 card with paper title and author 's name , address , and telephone number or email address . send abstracts or requests for additional information to : 1998 conference department of spanish and portuguese university of new mexico albuquerque , nm 87131 usa e-mail : spanish @ unm . edu telephone : ( 505 ) 277-5907 fax : ( 505 ) 277-3885 web : http / / : www . unm . edu / ~ spanish
 "",0
 1639,""Subject: job
  
  postdoc at ben - gurion university , beer - sheva , israel : to work with nomi erteschik - shir and tova rapoport on verbal projection and focus . project funded by the israel science foundation . preference for candidate with an interest in the syntax / lexical-semantics interface . beginning november 1st , 1997 for one to two years . applicants should send ( by e-mail ) cv , names of three references , and samples of their work to : nomi erteschik - shir home : 972 - 7-6469482 department of foreign literatures and linguistics work : 972 - 7-6461117 ben gurion university of the negev 972 - 7-6461128 p . o . box 653 , beer sheva , israel fax : 972 - 7-6472907
 "",0
 1640,""Subject: research studentship in cross-cultural pragmatics
  
  lancaster university modern languages / linguistics research studentship in cross-cultural pragmatics the lancaster university consortium - universities of central lancashire , lancaster , sheffield , university college of st . martin , lancaster and homerton college , cambridge - has been awarded 247k from the h . e . f . c . e f . d . t . l . for a 3 - year project on ' developing inter-cultural and socio-linguistic competence in university students undertaking periods of study and work abroad : the identification and dissemination of good practice ' . suitably qualified graduates wishing to pursue a 3 - year phd research programme monitoring / analysing the project are invited to apply for a research studentship of 5000 + fees p . a . for the year beginning 1 october 1997 , at lancaster university . applications by 25 august to r . h . crawshaw , french studies , lancaster university , la1 4yn , england . further details from rosemary anderson at the same address - 01524 592669 - e-mail r . anderson @ lancs . ac . uk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ lancaster university modern languages / linguistics cross-cultural pragmatics enquiry - project officers the lancaster university consortium - universities of central lancashire , lancaster , sheffield , university college of st . martin , lancaster and homerton college , cambridge - has been awarded 247 , 000 from the h . e . f . c . e . f . d . t . l . for a 3 - year project on ' developing inter-cultural and socio-linguistic competence for periods of study and work abroad : the identification and dissemination of good practice in student support and guidance ' . applications are invited for two posts of project officer , one full-time , one 0 . 5 - time , starting 1 september 1997 or soon after . project officers will be based at lancaster and responsible , under the director , for administering and helping devise the project . together with experience of residence in europe and fluency in at least one of french , german , spanish or italian , the ideal candidates will also have computer and communication skills and organisational experience . initial salary 15 , 159 pounds . applications , by 18 august , to personnel services , lancaster university , la1 4yw , from whom also further particulars are available .
 "",0
 1641,""Subject: anglicization of composers ' names
  
  judging from the return post , i must have sounded like some kind of self-proclaimed expert on composers ' names . let me hasten to say that i ' m not . all the pronunciations i put in that little list came as surprises to me . in all cases but one , they were given to me by native speakers of the composers ' language , while i was visiting the composers ' native country . i do n't speak any of those languages and certainly do not claim any expertise . i ' ve just been trusting """" competent native speakers """" . the one exception , by the way , was when karl haas , on one of his daily """" adventures in good music """" broadcasts , asserted that pachelbel should be pronounced pach - el - bel . based on karl 's provenance i was inclined to trust him . but perhaps i ' ve gone overboard taking natives ' pronunciations as gospel . after all , we americans certainly manage to mangle enough of our own words , do n't we ? sorry for any consternation i may have caused . i ' ve certainly gotten an education from this . cheers , gordon brown
 "",0
 1642,""Subject: computer - mediated conversation
  
  = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = call for manuscripts : computer-mediated conversation there is room for one or two additional high-quality chapters in a collection i am editing entitled computer-mediated conversation . this will be the first book devoted entirely to linguistic and conversation analytic approaches to computer - mediated communication . the collection is currently being considered for publication by oxford university press . at the present time , contributions are specifically sought which analyze some form of computer-mediated communication from a conversation analysis ( ca ) perspective . contents : contributions may analyze any genre of verbal exchange that takes place via computer networks , including private e-mail , listserv discussion groups , bulletin board systems , computer conferencing systems , chat , muds and moos , and multi-media systems . contributions should report empirical , data-driven research carried out using methods of conversation analysis . possible areas of focus include speech acts and act sequences , turn taking , adjacency pairs , responses , alignment , repairs , and topic organization . in addition , all contributions should address in some way the question : to what extent are the observed properties of the discourse conditioned by the computer medium , and to what extent do they reflect social or other factors that may also be present in face-to - face communication ? submission information : manuscripts should be 15-20 single-spaced pages in length , including references and appendices , and should follow the formatting style for the oxford studies in sociolinguistics series ( for example , biber and finnegan 's _ sociolinguistic perspectives on register _ , published in 1994 ) . submissions should be in the form of a hard copy plus a 3 1 / 2 """" macintosh - readable diskette containing the file saved in its original format , as well as in ms word for macintosh ( version 4 or 5 ) . the hard copy and the diskette should be mailed to the volume editor , susan herring , at the following address : susan herring program in linguistics university of texas arlington , tx 76019 usa deadlines : potential authors are requested to inform the volume editor of their intention to submit by e-mail prior to august 30 , and to submit their manuscripts by september 15 , 1997 . about the editor : susan herring is an associate professor of linguistics at the university of texas at arlington who has published numerous articles on computer-mediated communication since she first began presenting her research in this area in 1992 . she is also the editor of an interdisciplinary collection entitled _ computer - mediated communication : linguistic , social and cross - cultural perspectives _ ( john benjamins , 1996 ) and guest editor of a special issue of the _ electronic journal of communication _ ( vol . 6 , no . 3 ) on the topic of """" computer - mediated discourse analysis """" . for further information : inquiries regarding this project may be e-mailed to the editor at susan @ ling . uta . edu . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = please forward this call to anyone who might be interested !
 "",0
 1643,""Subject: wccfl 1998 call for papers
  
  wccfl xvii west coast conference on formal linguistics university of british columbia february 20-22 , 1998 call for papers abstracts are invited for 20 - minute talks in all areas of linguistics from any theoretical perspective . there will be two special sessions in addition to the main program . abstracts may be submitted to the main program or either of the special sessions . * special sessions : interfaces * invited speakers will be presenting at the following 2 special sessions : lisa selkirk , umass : phonology / syntax interface angelika kratzer , umass : syntax / semantics interface abstract requirements abstracts should be no more than one standard size page in length with the option of including an additional page for data and references . abstracts should be in at least 11 - point type with 1 - inch margins , single-spaced . please mail ten anonymous copies as well as a 3 """" x 5 """" index card with the following information : title name of author ( s ) mailing address affiliation ( s ) area ( phonology , syntax , semantics . . . ) phone number ( optional ) e-mail address ( optional ) please specify on your index card if you are submitting your abstract to either of the special sessions . submissions are limited to 1 individual and 1 joint abstract per author . please do not send abstracts by e-mail . * abstracts must be received by november 14 , 1997 * abstracts should be sent to : wccfl xvii committee department of linguistics university of british columbia e270-1866 main mall vancouver , british columbia canada v6t 1z1 information will be made available at the wccfl web site : http : / / www . interchange . ubc . ca / msr / wccfl . html /
 "",0
 1644,""Subject: forwarded : ucla jobs / temporary ( 97-98 )
  
  ucla jobs / temporary ( 97-98 ) priority normal the ucla department of linguistics expects to have several short-term jobs available teaching various courses in the coming academic year ( 1997-98 ) . most of the positions are in the area of syntax , though we will hire in other areas too . these are all replacement positions , for faculty who are on leave , and there is no realistic prospect of any of them developing into permanent positions . some of the courses that need to be taught are undergraduate classes , while others are graduate classes . at least three , and possibly as many as five courses will involve syntax courses at various levels , ranging from introductory undergraduate syntactic analysis to advanced graduate seminars . our most pressing need in these areas is during the fall and winter quarters ( see below for an outline of quarter dates ) . in addition , we may need an instructor for two lower-division introductory courses in general linguistics in the winter and / or spring quarters ; one of these is a generic intro to linguistics ; the other is a course surveying the languages spoken in the usa , including immigrant languages , american indian languages , and dialects of english and spanish , covering phonetics , history , and sociolinguistic issues , among others . finally , we will have openings for advanced graduate courses in some of the subfields represented in our department - - such as phonology , phonetics , psycholinguistics , computational ling . , syntax , semantics , specific language areas ( such as african , american indian , etc . ) for these advanced graduate courses , we are primarily interested in hiring relatively senior people with established reputations ( e . g . people who are on leave and who are interested in visiting ucla ) , though more junior applicants will also be considered . because we have a large number of courses available for visitors to teach next year , we are quite flexible in terms of the type and level of appointments . in particular , we may be interested in hiring some people for single-course lectureships ( paying in the neighborhood of $ 7 , 000 to $ 10 , 000 per 10 - week course , depending on seniority ) ; we may also consider full-time appointments for periods of one or two terms , with a courseload of 2 courses per term , and pay levels per course roughly comparable to those mentioned above . finally , we may make appointments with less than full-time teaching loads ( e . g . teaching one course and co-teaching another ) . these visiting positions are not restricted as to rank . we are especially interested in hiring faculty from other universities who plan to be on leave during ( part of ) the coming academic year and who may be interested in visiting our department for part of the year and teaching a course ( or two ) while they are here . each course runs for ten weeks ( with two 2 - hour lectures per week ) followed by an exam week . applicants should send a letter of application , including a cv , a statement of previous teaching experience , as well as the names , addresses , and phone numbers of three recommenders to : tim stowell ( chair ) , department of linguistics , ucla , los angeles , ca 90095-1543 . ( actual letters of recommendation should not be sent at this time ; likewise candidates should not send voluminous dossiers of publications , etc . ) applications for fall quarter courses should be received by aug . 15 1997 , and applications for winter and spring quarter courses should be received by sept . 10 1997 , though late applications will also be considered as long as the positions remain unfilled . potential applicants are strongly encouraged to inform us by e-mail , as soon as possible , of their intention to apply for these positions . initial enquiries by email may be directed to tim stowell ( stowell @ ucla . edu ) or to anna meyer ( meyer @ humnet . ucla . edu ) . ucla is an equal opportunity employer . - - - - - - - - - - tim stowell chair , ucla department of linguistics 405 hilgard ave . los angeles , ca 90095-1543 usa phone : 1-310 - 825-0634 fax : 1-310 - 206-5743 e - mail : stowell @ ucla . edu
 "",0
 1645,""Subject: question on a word - reply
  
  many thanks for the replies ! in particular , i ' ll pass on the reference suggestions . i should probably be slightly more specific about what we ' re looking for : a word ( again , my friend writing the dissertation believes one exists ) that would fit in the sentence : """" word x has / is [ xxxx ] with the normal usage of word y . """" or else : """" these people have [ xxxx ] the meanings of word x and word y . """" that is , we ' re not looking for examples of x and y , or for a description of the general phenomenon of x changing meaning or having a special ( argot or jargon ) meaning , but we want to know if there is a term [ xxxx ] which would accurately indicate that x and y are being used synonymously when they are not normally synonyms . . . the specific x and y in question here are """" marriage """" and """" home """" ( yes , i do realize that """" marriage """" and """" home """" overlap a lot in their usage anyway ; i ' m not familiar enough with my friend 's topic to know exactly what she 's arguing , but i believe it involves a particular couple 's development of an individual and idiosyncratic concept of marriage , which at times becomes , um , blended ? with their concept of home to the extent that they will use either word to refer to it . . . something like that . regardless , you can tell from my attempt to state the question why a word is needed . . . : - ) replies by email please ( i ' m not a regular reader of these lists ) . and thanks again . jonathan gilbert jong @ dragonsys . com > > > peter t . daniels < grammatim @ worldnet . att . net > 07 / 29 / 97 06 : 45pm > > > an example would help , but it sounds like you ' re talking about jargon , slang , or argot ( idiosyncratic language varieties defined according to the user group ; see textbooks of sociolinguistics ) . > > > deborah d k ruuskanen < druuskan @ cc . helsinki . fi > 07 / 30 / 97 12 : 00am > > > words used in separate contexts changing meaning ? i should imagine there are quite a lot , particular if you think of american / british differences . [ . . snip ] > > > carsten breul < upp20a @ ibm . rhrz . uni-bonn . de > 07 / 30 / 97 05 : 06am > > > in david crystal 's _ the cambridge encyclopedia of language _ ( cambridge : cup , 1987 ) , there are descriptions of situations resp . phenomena which might be close to what you ' re friend is looking for . [ examples snipped ] > > > > > > > [ the original question : ] > > > > > . . . the question is on behalf of another friend who is working on a dissertation ( not on a linguistics topic , it 's social history of a sort ) ; she wants to describe a situation in which the usage of one word ( in a particular context , by a small group of people ) has diverged enough from its standard usage that it has become interchangeable with another word , normally either different or unrelated in meaning . my friend believes there is a word for this phenomenon , but nobody we ' ve asked so far has been able to identify it . . . does anyone out there know ? jonathan gilbert jong @ dragonsys . com
 "",0
 1646,""Subject: ccall / celao 3
  
  dear colleague , the following is the first call for papers for the ccall 3 conference , which will be held next june . please forward it to any other colleagues you believe might be interested . thank you . cher ( e ) collegue , voici le premier appel de communications pour le colloque celao 3 , qui aura lieu au mois de juin prochain . veuillez avoir l ' obligeance de le faire parvenir a d ' autres collegues qui pourraient s ' y interesser . merci d ' avance . ian m . richmond . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ccall 3 / celao 3 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # troisieme congres canadien sur l ' enseignement des langues assiste par ordinateur third canadian conference on computer - assisted language learning 25-27 june , 1998 / 25-27 juin 1998 universite sainte - anne pointe - de-l ' eglise , n . - e . / church point , ns call for papers the third canadian conference on computer - assisted language learning will be held at universite sainte - anne , church point , nova scotia from 25 to 27 june 1998 . presentations , software demonstrations and poster sessions , in english or french , are invited on all aspects of computer-assisted language learning . papers and demonstrations will be limited to 20 minutes , plus 10 minutes allocated to questions and discussion . please submit a 200-250 word summary , preferably by e-mail , to the address given below no later than 30 november , 1997 . presenters will be notified by 15 march 1998 . appel de communications le troisieme congres canadien sur l ' enseignement assiste par ordinateur se deroulera les 25 , 26 et 27 juin 1998 a l ' universite sainte - anne , pointe - de-l ' eglise , nouvelle - ecosse . nous sollicitons des communications , des demonstrations de logiciels et des presentations par affiches , en francais ou en anglais , sur tout aspect de l ' enseignement des langues assiste par ordinateur . les communications et les demonstrations ne devront pas depasser 20 minutes afin de permettre une periode de 10 minutes consacree aux interventions . veuillez soumettre , par courrier electronique si possible , un resume de 200 a 250 mots a l ' adresse ci-apres avant le 30 novembre 1997 . toute decision concernant les soumissions sera rendue le 15 mars 1998 au plus tard . ian m . richmond ian m . richmond vrer vp ( academic and research ) universite sainte - anne universite sainte - anne pointe - de-l ' iglise , n . s . church point , ns b0w 1m0 b0w 1m0 telephone : ( 902 ) 769-2114 telephone : ( 902 ) 769-2114 telecopieur : ( 902 ) 769-3120 fax : ( 902 ) 769-3120 richmond @ ustanne . ednet . ns . ca http : / / ustanne - 59 . ustanne . . ednet . ns . ca
 "",0
 1647,""Subject: need word lists
  
  hi ! i have a program that generates bizarre poetry with an accompanying file of words . i am looking for word lists out on the net . lists of nouns , adjectives , verbs , adverbs , conjunctions , etc . also , if you know of any word lists by topic : computer , science , drama , art , agric-sci , plz let me know where these are on the net . thanks ! gloria mcmillan * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * gmcmillan @ east . pima . edu http : / / pimacc . pima . edu / ~ gmcmillan / index . html virtual classroom : diversity university moo telnet > 128 . 18 . 101 . 106 8888 login as : co guest type : @ go # 2673 * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - *
 "",0
 1648,""Subject: estuary english ( fwd )
  
  my name is ines dellarole , and i ' m trying to find a book which name is supposed to be : """" who speaks estuary ? we are from del salvador university in buenos aires , argentina . if you have some information related to it , i will appreciate if you send it to me , by e-mail , or by mail . thanking you in advance . best regards , i . dellarole < inespat @ satlink . com > av . rivadavia 2207 5to . i . 1034 buenos aires , argentina .
 "",0
 1649,""Subject: jireem @ utxvms . cc . utexas . edu
  
  does anyone have a term for the experience of looking at a printed word long enough or saying it out loud enough times so that it loses all semantic associations and becomes an absurd sequence of letters or sound ? either an accepted term or a more personal working term will do . respond to me directly and i ' ll summarize to the list . thanks , michael erard dept . of english ut - austin jireem @ utxsvs . cc . utexas . edu
 "",0
 1650,""Subject: on line versions of newspapers
  
  dear readers of the linguist list , as we are planning a research project which is going to address itself to the phenomenon of on line versions of newspapers and magazines ( from a linguistic , semiotic and media-studies point of view , but also from a psychological and information-technological perspective ) , we would like to know whether there are any colleagues out there who deal with a similar subject . we are in the know about some people and some projects , but we suspect there must be more people who share an interest in this highly topical issue , however do n't know of one another 's existence and engagement in the matter . we would be only too pleased to make contact with those people , i . e . with . . . you ! prof . dr . martin stegu chair of applied linguistics technical university of chemnitz d-09107 chemnitz germany e-mail : martin . stegu @ phil . tu-chemnitz . de
 "",0
 1651,""Subject: indoeuropean courses listed by universities ( fall 1997 )
  
  the titus project & the indogermanische gesellschaft present indoeuropean courses listed by universities ( fall 1997 ) see http : / / titus . uni-frankfurt . de / curric / idg-ws 97 . html
 "",0
 1652,""Subject: thanks to our subscribers
  
  dear linguist list : the time has come for us to once more send out a general mailing , but this missive is much more fun to compose than a call for funds . instead , we thank all those who recently contributed to the maintenance and expansion of the list . because of your generous donations we have been able to hire several new student editors . elaine halleck , marty jacobsen , brett churchill , julie smith , and anita huang will take care of the ever-expanding functions associated with the linguist network . two private donors in particular must be thanked , since linguist 's fund increased by $ 8000 through their signal efforts . linguist and linguistics are in their debt ; by meeting our funding goals , we can continue to grow and better serve the linguistics community . in addition to offering more services to more people , linguist will soon provide * better * service due to the support of the linguistics data consortium . ldc came to our rescue this spring by donating a new sun ultra mainframe computer . this machine will shortly be hosting our email lists , solving the posting problems we all suffered through earlier this year . the consortium also must be sincerely thanked . to conclude , linguist again thanks all of you who responded to our last call for funds , and those who have donated in previous drives . your contributions have provided and will continue to provide the linguistics community with a forum essential to the discipline . we ' ve listed contributors to date below . 1997 contributors valued supporters ( $ 50 and under ) anonymous galina alexandrova lloyd anderson ( ecological linguistics ) paula baird robert beard mayrine bentley cassian braconnier joaquim brandao de carvalho carsten breul deborah brownstein claudia brugman r . joe campbell linda coleman anthony davis dorothy disterheft jean - louis duchet suzette haden elgin david eddington feride erku dominique estival susan felshin luisanna fodde robert fouser louanna furbee judith fuller elly van gelderen keith goeringer claire gronemeyer alan harris fritz heberlein suzanne hilgendorf caitlin hines david holt alice horning elizabeth hughes bernhard hurch frances ingemann martha islas elaine jones marion kee andrew kehler suzanne kemmer jong - mi kim carolyn kirkpatrick micael kliffer john koontz knud lambrecht young - h lee judith levi joan levinson vern lindblad virginia locastro fernando martinez - gil ana maria martins bart mathias madeline m . maxwell scott mcginnis sue medeiros anita mittwoch simon musgrave michael newman lynn nichols richard oehrle fernando ordonez susan pintzuk terence potter burton rosner lynn santelmann mary schleppegrell andreas schramm klaus schubert carol myers scotton antonio r . m . simoes jim sneddon susan steele roland sussex jan - olof svantesson robert l . trammell u . of michigan linguistics dept . jeff von munkwitz - smith barbara vance joerg wagner kathleen m . ward frank wijnen patrons ( $ 50 or more ) : anonymous anders ahlqvist belinda bicknell & gary witus wayles brown claudia brugman cascadilla press donna christian billy clark bernard comrie hortensia curell mary dalrymple douglas l . dee stanley dubinsky dept . of linguistics , university of durham william edmondson dan everett julia falk joseph foster donald freeman nancy frishberg kazuhiko fukushima richard hudson barbara herrarte michael hess roderick jacobs dora johnson ioanna kappa hans kronning indiana university press linguistique africaine ( via cassian braconnier ) ernest mccarus jerry mcmenamin geoff nathan barbara pearson ingo plag linda stump rashidi robert ratcliffe ann reboul recherches linguistiques de vincennes lisa reed nikolaus ritt charles scott carlota smith ute smit university of maine linguistics dept . max wheeler ronnie wilbur mainstays ( $ 100 or more ) : graeme forbes vicki fromkin bruce fraser monica macaulay & joseph salmons marguerite mackenzie johanna nichols sergio scalise chi - lin shih and richard sproat frances trix blackwells publishing center for applied linguistics cornell university press csli garland publishing holland academic graphics indiana university linguistics club john benjamins publishing , north america kluwers publishing linguistic society of america the lucent foundation ( via chilin shih and richard sproat ) media enterprise michigan state university , linguistics dept . mit press mitwpl ( mit working papers in linguistics ) montclair university , dept . of linguistics ndt media oxford university press routledge summer institute of linguistics university of north texas , division of linguistics university of connecticut , linguistics club mouton de gruyter
 "",0
 1653,""Subject: qs : a question from ask - a-linguist
  
  hi there ! i am sure you all know about the marvelous service that """" ask - a-linguist """" offers to the public . we received the following request on july 14 and until last night , there was no answer to it :
 "",0
 1654,""Subject: computational linguistics : the altavista """" refine """" option
  
  a colleague of mine told me about the """" refine """" option offered by the altavista search engine ( http : / / www . altavista . digital . com / ) and how good it was . in a nutshell , the """" refine """" options returns a list of synonyms of , and notions related to the words in your query . indeed , it gave extremely sensible responses . perversely perhaps , i tried it in french , using """" vin """" ( what else ! ) as the keyword . bingo . this is what it returned : 72 % etait , etre , annees , meme , apres , etaient , derniers 59 % egalement , particulierement , differentes , possibilite 52 % qualite , vins , vin , vignoble , vigne , crus , vignes , vignerons , vigneron [ etc . . . ] far from satisfactory . """" eau """" and """" pain """" returned similar nonsense , featuring """" etaient """" , """" etre """" , """" egalement """" et alia in prominent positions . in fact , altavista """" refine """" seems decidedly adverse to foodstuff in french , """" fruit """" , """" poisson """" and """" sandwich """" failing equally miserably ( so did """" sable """" , """" mer """" , """" lac """" ) . so i was quite surprised when italian queries about """" wine """" returned sensible synonyms : 60 % vino , vini , vigneti , uve 40 % quantita , ettari , vitigni 39 % sapore , profumo , invecchiamento [ etc . ] """" acqua """" and """" pane """" fared equally well . so i turned my attention to spanish . spanish did quite as badly as french . this is quite puzzling for the size of the spanish data is quite large . i do n't know what inspired me , i decided to ask for an italian sandwich ( """" panino """" ) . bingo again ! 60 % perche , chissa , guardo , cazzo , sembrava , poiche , merda , riposto [ yes , unbelievable but true ] 54 % mangiare , specialta , birra , mangia , roba , piatti , gusti , soldi , bere 33 % avevo , scusa , aveva , stavo , rispose , facevano [ etc . ] my colleague and i scratched our collective heads , experimented some more , and came to the conclusion that the thesauri are built by a neural net ( she is heavily into neural nets ) . still , the excellent behaviour of the english thesaurus was suspect . but no , experimenting demonstrated that it could not have been a hand-crafted thesaurus . there are ways of """" salting """" a neural net and that is probably what digital did for english ( and perhaps for italian ) . do take a break and experiment a bit with altavista """" refine """" option in your favourite languages ( polish was as nonsensical as french ) . it is quite amusing . and perhaps useful : next time someone knocks at your door with a neural net for sale . . . ( i have seen queries for """" kentucky fried chicken """" return """" chicken sexers """" , """" waste burners """" and """" singing teachers """" , courtesy of a neural net ) . j . guy @ trl . telsta . com . au
 "",0
 1655,""Subject: adjectives , terminology , follow-up
  
  colleagues , yesterday 's question about needing a term for a distinction in adjective use yielded lots of helpful responses . the terms i ' ll settle on are """" relational """" and """" qualitative """" . thanks especially to robert beard . ( economic is mainly relational ; economical is mainly qualitative ; educational in ' educational institution ' is relational ; in ' educational experience ' it 's qualitative ; etc . ) chuck fillmore - = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = charles j . fillmore , university of california , berkeley , ca 94720 fillmore @ icsi . berkeley . edu office in icsi : 510 642 4274 extension 314
 "",0
 1656,""Subject: sum : ocr software
  
  a couple of weeks back i posted a query about ocr software for the mac that is trainable enough to be useful to a linguist scanning latin or ipa - based non - english texts . thanks to jakob dempsey sarah rilling michael betsch andrew arefiev marc fryd and daniel loehr for their responses . in the mac world , it appears that the front-runner in this area is the widely-available omnipage programme from caere corporation ( http : / / www . caere . com for info ) . it is apparently trainable although one respondent expressed some doubts about being able to train it to handle more than a single special font . i should also mention that the first sales rep i talked to previously about omnipage seemed to think that it might have trouble with the combinations of letters and diacrits typical of ipa - based alphabets . however , the publicity literature on the web site seems to imply that it can be trained to recognize combinations of separate characters and the last sales rep i talked to seemed to think that there was no doubt that omnipage could do the job . jakob dempsey also mentioned an """" expensive kurzweil product """" for the mac , but i have n't heard anything further about this . i also got two responses that mentioned windows - based applications that are highly trainable . one is a german product called optopus made by a german company called makrolog in wiesbaden which is """" exclusively trainable """" - - that is , it needs to be trained from scratch and so can be configured to any alphabet you like . the other is by a russian company called bit software ( www . bitsoft . ru ) ; their programme is called finereader and in addition to having a wide range of set alphabets for langauges using both latin and cyrillic , they report having sucessfully trained it to recognize icelandic and tibetan fonts ) . david beck = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = david beck department of linguistics sixth floor , robarts library 130 st . george st . university of toronto toronto , ontario m5s 3h1 canada e-mail : dbeck @ chass . utoronto . ca phone : ( 416 ) 978-4029 ( 416 ) 923-2394 ( home ) fax : ( 416 ) 971-2688
 "",0
 1657,""Subject: job : indonesian / asian studies
  
  lecturer ( indonesian / asian studies ) ( ref : a41 / 97 ) school of asian studies university of western australia applications are invited for appointment to the above position for a fixed term period of 3 years with prospects of re-appointment or for a tenurable appointment . ( substantial tertiary teaching experience and publications will be a prerequisite for a tenurable position . ) the appointee will have the ability to teach both indonesian language and inter-disciplinary asian studies courses focusing on contemporary society and culture . candidates must be fluent in both indonesian and english and have completed , or be close to completing , a phd degree on an aspect of indonesian language , society or culture . some experience of teaching indonesian language and / or asian studies at tertiary level is necessary , as are research publications or demonstrated potential . the ability to assume administrative responsibilities for the indonesian programme , as required , is desirable . the position will be available from 1 january 1998 . applicants with teaching experience are requested to submit a teaching portfolio as part of their application . for further information and copies of the selection criteria please contact professor beverley hooper on telephone ( 08 ) 9380 2080 or fax ( 08 ) 9380 1167 or email astudies @ cyllene . uwa . edu . au . details of the school 's programmes are available on http : / / www . arts . uwa . edu . au / aswww / salary range : lecturer level b $ 45 , 194 - $ 53 , 669 p . a . closing date : 5 september 1997 benefits include superannuation , fares to perth ( if applicable ) for appointee and dependent family , removal allowance ( if applicable ) study leave and long service leave . conditions of appointment will be specified in any offer of appointment which may be made as a result of this advertisement . written applications quoting reference number , telephone number , qualifications and experience and the names , addresses ( including email ) and fax / telephone numbers of 3 referees should reach the director , human resources , the university of western australia , nedlands wa 6907 , by the closing date . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * reader 's of linguist might note that uwa also has a separate linguistics program in the centre for linguistics . . http : / / www . arts . uwa . edu . au / lingwww / this comment is not an official part of the advertisement : ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",0
 1658,""Subject: re : code - switching
  
  hello everyone . i want to apologize for not posting this update sooner . i wanted to thank those from the list who responded to my code-switching post in march . ( literature [ spanish - english in the united states linguist issue 8 . 1072 ] ) thanks again to jeff yowell , carol myers - scotton , alex zheltuhin , kenya dworkin , john konopak and fernanda ferreir . judith judith rojas colorado state university judith @ lamar . colostate . edu
 "",0
 1659,""Subject: on line conference
  
  on line conference """" speech syntesis and analisis """" october 16-26 1997 dear colleaque , electronic journal """" web journal of formal , computational & cognitive linguistics """" ( http : / / www . ksu . ru / kazan / science / fccl / index . html ) is go - ing to held an on-line conference """" speech syntesis and analisis """" . all the materials will put on the web site of the journal . after the con - ference the materials of the conference are to be published in the journal . the editorial board of the journal is in charge for all re - viewing & moderation . submission & review procedures : paper selection and review procedures will be similar to those of a regular conference . all text must be in ascii . papers must be sent to < speech . list @ ksu . ru > . the first 3 lines of the message should consist of your name your email address the title of the paper our time-frame is : deadline for papers : september 20 , 1997 final program announced : october 10 , 1997 participation in the on-line conference will be carried out on the list speech . list that has been created for that purpose . to subscribe to this list , send the following message to < speech . list @ ksu . ru > : subscribe speech . list yourfirstname yourlastname for example : subscribe speech . list bill gates once you have received confirmation of your subscription , you may send messages to < speech . list @ ksu . ru > , and you will automatically receive all new messages sent to the list . a record of all message received will be maintained on a specific web page at the conference site . par - ticipants may send their comments and questions by means of the speech . list . everyone subscribed to the list will receive these messa - ges . if you wish to leave the list , send the following message to < speech . list @ ksu . ru > : unsubscribe speech . list < firstname lastname > . at the end of the conference , participants will be automatically un - subscribed from the speech . list . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - valery solovyev editor """" web journal of formal , computational & cognitive linguistics """" kazan state university , dep . computer science , kazan , 420008 , russia e - mail : solovyev @ open . ksu . ras . ru - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",0
 1660,""Subject: ucla dept . of linguistics 96-97 job & fellowship bulletin # 27 ( fwd )
  
  editor ' s note : some of these jobs have already been posted to the list . august 1 , 1997 ucla dept . of linguistics 1996-97 job and fellowship bulletin # 27 267 . ben-gurion university . postdoc at ben - gurion university , beer - sheva , israel : to work with nomi erteschik - shir and tova rapoport on verbal projection and focus . project funded by the israel science foundation . preference for candidate with an interest in the syntax / lexical-semantics interface . beginning november 1st , 1997 for one to two years . applicants should send ( by e-mail ) cv , names of three references , and samples of their work to : nomi erteschik - shir , department of foreign literatures and linguistics , ben gurion university of the negev , p . o . box 653 , beer sheva , israel home : 972 - 7-6469482 work : 972 - 7-6461117 or 972 - 7-6461128 fax : 972 - 7-6472907 268 . lancaster university . the lancaster university consortium - universities of central lancashire , lancaster , sheffield , university college of st . martin , lancaster and homerton college , cambridge - has been awarded 247k from the h . e . f . c . e f . d . t . l . for a 3 - year project on ' developing inter-cultural and socio-linguistic competence in university students undertaking periods of study and work abroad : the identification and dissemination of good practice ' . suitably quali-fied graduates wishing to pursue a 3 - year ph . d . research programme monitoring / analysing the project are invited to apply for a research studentship of 5000 + fees p . a . for the year beginning 1 october 1997 , at lancaster university . appli - cations by 25 august to r . h . crawshaw , french studies , lancaster univ . , la1 4yn , england . further details from rosemary anderson at the same address - 01524 592669 - e-mail r . anderson @ lancs . ac . uk 269 . lancaster university . the lancaster university consortium - universities of central lancashire , lancaster , sheffield , university college of st . martin , lancaster and homerton college , cambridge - has been awarded 247 , 000 from the h . e . f . c . e . f . d . t . l . for a 3 - year project on ' developing inter-cultural and socio-linguistic competence for periods of study and work abroad : the identification and dissemination of good practice in student support and guidance ' . applications are invited for two posts of project officer , one full-time , one 0 . 5 - time , starting 1 september 1997 or soon after . project officers will be based at lancaster and responsible , under the director , for administering and helping devise the project . together with experience of residence in europe and fluency in at least one of french , german , spanish or italian , the ideal candidates will also have computer and communication skills and organisational experience . initial salary 15 , 159 pounds . applications , by 18 august , to personnel services , lancaster univ . , la1 4yw , from whom also further particulars are available . 270 . lernout & hespie speech products ( belgium ) . language specialist korean for language development location : ieper ( belgium ) function : this person will assist in the development of text-to - speech systems and derived applications and / or in other projects in the field of natural language processing and speech technology . he / she will work in different language groups and report to a group leader and to the language development manager . profile : * university degree in philology or linguistics , or equivalent ; * excellent knowledge of korean ( native or near native command of the language ) ; * interest in the linguistic aspects of korean and / or other languages ; * at least a basic experience with and interest in computers ; * good knowledge and / or experience in one or more of the following areas are considered an asset : - speech processing , esp . text-to - speech synthesis ; - phonetics ; - computer linguistics ; - natural language processing ( nlp ) ; - spoken dialog systems ; - computer technology ; - use of standard software packages ; - programming ; - other languages than the target language ; * ability to work in a team and independently ; * persever-ance , accuracy and thoroughness ; * good social and communicative abilities ; * fluent in english ( working language ) ; * willingness to travel abroad for limited periods of time . lernout & hauspie speech products is premier provider of speech technology worldwide . lernout & hauspie speech products is an international leader in the development of advanced speech technology for various commercial applications and products . lernout & hauspie is the only company offering a full range of speech technologies ( text-to - speech , speech-to - text , speech-to - speech and text-to - text ) on multiple platforms in multiple languages . l&h 's four core techno-logies , ( automatic speech recognition , txt-to - speech conversion , digital speech compression and language translation ) are licensed to some of the world 's best-known companies in the telecommunications , computers / multimedia , consumer electronics and automotive industries . we can offer you a challenging job with a fast growing belgian company with a remuneration matching your qualifications . you can contact us by mail : lernout & hauspie speech products , personnel department , attn . patrick thomas , sint - krispijnstraat 7 , 8900 ieper belgium by fax : + 32 - ( 0 ) 57-208489 by email : job-announce @ lhs . be ( with automatic reply ) more info about l&h can be found at http : / / www . lhs . com 271 . microsoft . the nlp group in microsoft research is looking for a computational grammarian for french . the position will be located on the microsoft central campus in redmond , washington , usa . this is a great oppor - tunity to work with a dedicated group of researchers who are creating a system for unrestricted text understanding and generation , and integrating that technology into microsoft products that are sold around the world . responsibilities : the primary responsibility will be designing and writing critique rules for a grammar checker . the rules are based on the output of our french language parser , so the critique rule writer will become intimately familiar with the microsoft natural language system , and will then enhance the system by creating rules to flag grammatical errors and suggest alternatives . qualifications : the qualifications should include experience in linguistic research and software development ; familiarity with natural language processing ; a flexible approach to linguistic theory ; and an advanced degree in linguistics , computer science , or a closely related discipline . native proficiency in french is assumed ; practical experience with nlp implementation issues or grammar checkers is highly desirable . about the microsoft nlp research group : we are in the process of designing and building a system to analyze unrestricted natural language , taking input text , and moving from lexical / morphological analysis through syntax , semantics , and eventually pragmatics and discourse . a generation component is also planned . as part of microsoft research , we work toward the long-term goal of broad coverage language analysis : however , we also work close-ly with product groups to integrate our technology into microsoft products . in microsoft office ' 97 , the english grammar checker is based on our technology . we are ready to develop the same system for french . we are empirically oriented , and are happy to use good linguistic ideas wherever they can be found . a reason-able first-version summary of our techniques and some of our experience can be found in the book """" natural language processing : the plnlp approach , """" kluwer academic publishers , boston , 1993 . for more information about the nlp group , connect to our home page on the www . http : / / www . research . microsoft . com / nlp contact : please send resumes , cover letters , and any additional materials to : steven clyne , human resources , microsoft corporation , one microsoft way , redmond , wa 98052 usa email : stevecl @ microsoft . com 272 . ucla . the ucla dept . of linguistics expects to have several short-term jobs available teaching various courses in the coming academic year ( 1997-98 ) . most of the positions are in the area of syntax , though we will hire in other areas too . these are all replacement positions , for faculty who are on leave , and there is no realistic prospect of any of them developing into permanent positions . some of the courses that need to be taught are undergraduate classes , while others are graduate classes . at least three , and possibly as many as five courses will involve syntax courses at various levels , ranging from introductory undergraduate syntactic analysis to advanced graduate seminars . our most pressing need in these areas is during the fall and winter quarters ( see below for an outline of quarter dates ) . in addition , we may need an instructor for two lower-division introductory courses in general linguistics in the winter and / or spring quarters ; one of these is a generic intro to linguistics ; the other is a course surveying the languages spoken in the usa , including immigrant languages , american indian languages , and dialects of english and spanish , covering phonetics , history , and sociolinguistic issues , among others . finally , we will have openings for advanced graduate courses in some of the subfields represented in our department - - such as phonology , phon-etics , psycholinguistics , computational ling . , syntax , semantics , specific language areas ( such as african , american indian , etc . ) for these advanced graduate courses , we are primarily interested in hiring relatively senior people with established repu-tations ( e . g . people who are on leave and who are interested in visiting ucla ) , though more junior applicants will also be considered . because we have a large number of courses available for visitors to teach next year , we are quite flexible in terms of the type and level of appointments . in particular , we may be interested in hiring some people for single-course lectureships ( paying in the neighborhood of $ 7 , 000 to $ 10 , 000 per 10 - week course , depending on seniority ) ; we may also consider full-time appointments for periods of one or two terms , with a courseload of 2 courses per term , and pay levels per course roughly comparable to those mentioned above . finally , we may make appointments with less than full-time teaching loads ( e . g . teaching one course and co-teaching another ) . these visiting positions are not restricted as to rank . we are especially interested in hiring faculty from other universities who plan to be on leave during ( part of ) the coming academic year and who may be interested in visiting our department for part of the year and teaching a course ( or two ) while they are here . each course runs for ten weeks ( with two 2 - hour lectures per week ) followed by an exam week . appli - cants should send a letter of application , including a cv , a statement of previous teaching experience , as well as the names , addresses , and phone numbers of three recommenders to : tim stowell ( chair ) , dept . of linguistics , ucla , los angeles , ca 90095-1543 . ( actual letters of recommendation should not be sent at this time ; likewise candidates should not send voluminous dossiers of publications , etc . ) applications for fall quarter courses should be received by aug . 15 1997 , and applications for winter and spring quarter courses should be received by sept . 10 1997 , though late applications will also be considered as long as the positions remain unfilled . potential applicants are strongly encouraged to inform us by e-mail , as soon as possible , of their intention to apply for these positions . initial inquiries by email may be directed to tim stowell ( stowell @ ucla . edu ) or to anna meyer ( meyer @ humnet . ucla . edu ) . eoe . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = fyi ( """" for your information """" ) / / cheers , ach = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = > > > > > > alan c . harris , ph . d . telnos : main off : 818-677 - 2853 professor , communication / linguistics direct off : 818-677 - 2874 speech communication department california state university , northridge home : 818-366 - 3165 spch csun fax : 818-677 - 2663 northridge , ca 91330-8257 internet email : alan . harris @ csun . edu www homepage : http : / / www . csun . edu / ~ vcspc005 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
 "",0
 1661,""Subject: tei conference : reminder
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * reminder reminder reminder reminder reminder reminder * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * abstracts due august 20 ! ! ! * * * * * text encoding initiative tenth anniversary user conference http : / / www . stg . brown . edu / webs / tei10 / november 14-16 , 1997 brown university providence , rhode island , usa sponsored by brown university computing and information services brown university libraries - o - to commemorate the tenth anniversary of its founding , the text encoding initiative ( tei ) is sponsoring its first user conference , to be held 14-16 november 1997 at brown university in providence , rhode island . the tei was established at an international planning meeting on text encoding standards , held at vassar college on november 12-13 , 1987 . the tei is sponsored by the association for computers and the humanities , the association for computational linguistics , and the association for literary and linguistic computing . the tei guidelines for electronic text encoding and interchange were published in spring of 1994 . they provide an extensive sgml - based scheme for encoding electronic texts across a wide spectrum of text types and suitable for any kind of application . the guidelines have already achieved wide-scale implementation in projects throughout north america and europe . the tei conference will bring together users of the tei guidelines in order to share ideas , experiences , and expertise , provide a forum for technical discussion and evaluation of the guidelines as they have been implemented across a variety of applications . the topics include but are not limited to : o reports on the use of the tei scheme in a particular project or in a particular application area or discipline o reports from particular user communities such as the builders and designers of electronic text centers , digital libraries , language corpora , electronic editions , multi-media databases , etc . o evaluations of the tei scheme as applied to a particular class of texts or in a particular type of scholarly research o technical discussions of particular encoding problems and solutions such as unusual or complex text types , multi-media , multiple views or information types , multi-lingual data and internationalization , textual variation , overlap , etc . o papers on customization and extension of the tei for particular application areas and text types o reports on experience using off-the - shelf software with tei documents , or developing software to handle tei material o discussions of markup theory and markup architectures , with particular reference to the tei o discussions of the tei in the light of developments in the larger computing community ( the web , xml , . . . ) a portion of the conference will also be devoted to consideration of the future of the tei . possible topics to be discussed include the organization of the project , membership on the component committees , priorities , and new work items to be proposed to the technical review committee . submissions : submissions of at least 1500 words should be sent by august 20 , 1997 . email submissions or a url where the submission can be retrieved should be sent to tei10 @ stg . brown . edu . submissions in tei lite are preferred , but full tei or ( valid ! ) html 3 . 2 is acceptable . if it is not possible to submit in one of these forms , please contact tei10 _ program @ stg . brown . edu to make special arrangements . papers should include complete references to related work and should clearly identify the main problem being addressed , other similar projects and their relation to this project , the main and original contribution of the paper , and remaining or open problems . authors are also asked to indicate if this paper is or will be submitted elsewhere . notification of acceptance will be made by september 20 , 1997 . final versions of full papers will be due by october 15 , 1997 . an electronic conference proceedings will be published ; other publication details will be forthcoming . program committee co-chairs : * nancy ide , vassar college * c . m . sperberg - mcqueen , university of illinois at chicago international program committee * susan armstrong , university of geneva * winfried bader , german bible society * david barnard , university of regina ( sask . ) * lou burnard , oxford university computing services * tom corns , university of wales , bangor * steve derose , inso corp . * david gants , university of georgia * dan greenstein , king 's college , london * susan hockey , university of alberta * stig johansson , university of oslo * judith klavans , columbia university * terry langendoen , university of arizona * elli mylonas , brown university * john price - wilkin , university of michigan * gary simons , summer institute of linguistics * frank tompa , university of waterloo * syun tutiya , chiba university * antonio zampolli , university of pisa for more information about the conference : on program and paper submissions : tei10 _ program @ stg . brown . edu about local arrangements : tei10 @ stg . brown . edu url : http : / / www . stg . brown . edu / webs / tei10 / for more information about the tei : url : http : / / www . uic . edu / orgs / tei /
 "",0
 1662,""Subject: cocosda-97 in rhodes
  
  cocosda ' 97 announcement and call for submissions cocosda , the coordinating committee on speech databases and assessment , was founded in 1991 , and has held yearly workshops ever since . the 1997 cocosda workshop , on the theme """" standards and tools for linguistic annotation of speech databases , """" will take place at the convention centre of the rodos palace hotel , in rhodes , greece , on the two days following the eurospeech meeting : friday , september 26 and saturday , september 27 . it will be co-located with the cost workshop on """" speech technology in the public telephone network : where are we today ? """" held in the same facility on the same two days . overall registration is limited to 200 , 100 from each organization . cocosda aims to promote collaborative work and information exchange for resources and standards in spoken language engineering . it maintains working groups on speech corpora and labelling , speech synthesis assessment , and speech recognition assessment . cocosda workshops include reports on relevant activities around the world , and discussions of topics of mutual interest . further information about cocosda can be found at the url http : / / www . itl . atr . co . jp / cocosda / , and further information about cost ( european cooperation in the field of scientific and technical research ) can be found at http : / / www2 . cordis . lu / cost / src / intro . htm . submissions on the theme of cocosda ' 97 , as well as other relevant subjects , are invited . registration for cocosda ' 97 to register for cocosda97 , see http : / / www . ldc . upenn . edu / cocosda97 . cocosda ' 97 attendees are welcome to attend sessions of the cost workshop as well , though they will have to register separately for cost in order to get a copy of the proceedings . on friday afternoon , there will be a joint cost / cocosda session on the topic of speech recognition . on friday morning and saturday afternoon , cocosda ' 97 will meet separately from cost . there will be both reports of general interest and presentations on the workshop theme . on saturday morning , the three cocosda working groups ( on speech corpora and labelling , speech synthesis assessment , and speech recognition assessment ) will meet separately , as arranged by their individual organizers . information for cocosda ' 97 presenters cocosda ' 97 is focused on standards and tools for linguistic annotation of speech databases . if you would like to make a presentation on the workshop theme , or on another topic within cocosda 's area of interest , please register for the workshop and send an abstract of 500 words or less to cocosda97 @ ldc . upenn . edu . if possible , include a url for papers or project descriptions . all good-faith submissions will be accommodated , though some may have to be placed in a poster session .
 "",0
 1663,""Subject: evolvable hardware and gp
  
  paper now available in post script . . . """" rapidly reconfigurable field-programmable gate arrays for accelerating fitness evaluation in genetic programming """" a late-breaking papers from gp-97 conference . abstract : the dominant component of the computational burden of solving non-trivial problems with evolutionary algorithms is the task of measuring the fitness of each individual in each generation of the evolving population . the advent of rapidly reconfigurable field-programmable gate arrays ( fpgas ) and the idea of evolvable hardware opens the possiblity of embodying each individual of the evolving population into hardware for the purpose of accelerating the time-consuming fitness evaluation task this paper demonstrates how the massive parallelism of the rapidly reconfigurable xilinx xc6216 fpga can be exploited to accelerate the computationally burdensome fitness evaluation task of genetic programming . the work was done on virtual computing corporation 's low-cost hots expansion board for pc type computers . a 16 - step 7 - sorter was evolved that has two fewer steps than the sorting network described in the 1962 o'connor and nelson patent on sorting networks and that has the same number of steps as the minimal 7 - sorter that was devised by floyd and knuth subsequent to the patent . john r . koza forrest h bennett iii jeffrey l . hutchings stephen l . bade martin a . keane david andre published in koza , john r . ( editor ) . late breaking papers at the genetic programming 1997 conference , stanford university , july 13-16 , 1997 . stanford , ca : stanford university bookstore . pages 121 p 131 . available in post script from www at http : / / www-cs - faculty . stanford . edu / ~ koza / john r . koza computer science department 258 gates building mail code 9020 stanford university stanford , california 94305 usa e-mail : koza @ cs . stanford . edu office phone : 650-723 - 1517 ( note new area code of 650 ) home phone : 650-941 - 0336 fax : 650-941 - 9430 www : http : / / www-cs - faculty . stanford . edu / ~ koza / www for gp-98 conference : http : / / www . genetic - programming . org
 "",0
 1664,""Subject: call for abstracts for the listserve
  
  the 1998 conference of the texas linguistics society title : exploring the boundaries between phonetics & phonology the university of texas at austin march 13-15 , 1998 keynote speakers : abigail cohn , cornell university patricia keating , university of california , los angeles janet pierrehumbert , northwestern university abstracts are invited for 30 minute talks ( with 10 additional minutes for discussion ) on any topic related to the relationship between phonetics and phonology . potential topics include , but are not limited to : theoretical exploration of the interplay between phonetics and phonology encoding phonetic naturalness in phonological theory or representation experimental data ( acoustic or perceptual ) pertaining to phonological patterns and / or sound change phonetic and phonological realizations of specific patterns such as tone and intonation , coarticulation , metathesis , etc . matches and mismatches between phonetic and phonological patterns * especially encouraged * are abstracts dealing with the separation of phonetics and phonology abstracts must be no more than one 8 1 / """" 2 by 11 """" page , single-spaced , and in at least 12 - point font ( 10 point for examples ) , with one-inch margins on all sides . one additional page with references and diagrams or tableaux may be appended if necessary . all submissions must include the following items : 10 anonymous copies of the abstract 1 3x5 """" card with name , affiliation , address , phone number , email address and title of paper deadline for receipt of abstracts is october 17 , 1997 . send abstracts to : tls abstract committee calhoun 501 the university of texas at austin austin , tx 78712 abstracts received after the deadline will not be considered . fax submissions will not be accepted . instructions for email submissions are available upon request . an individual may submit at most one single and one co-authored paper . accepted presenters will be notified by mid - december , 1997 . if presenters wish to have their papers included in the conference proceedings , they must submit a camera-ready copy by may 15 , 1998 . proceedings will be published by the texas linguistic forum . a poster session that will accompany the conference is currently being organized . a call for poster abstracts will be issued soon . preregistration for the conference is $ 15 . 00 ( us ) for students , $ 30 . 00 for nonstudents . for further information , contact tls @ uts . cc . utexas . edu or check out our web page at http : / / uts . cc . utexas . edu / ~ tls / tivoli majors university of texas department of linguistics
 "",0
 1665,""Subject: prolamat 98 : first announcement and call for papers
  
  the tenth international ifip tc5 wg - 5 . 2 wg - 5 . 3 conference prolamat ' 98 - - - - - - - - - - - - the globalization of manufacturing in the digital communications era of the 21st century : innovation , agility , and the virtual enterprise conference date and venue : september 9-11 , 1998 - trento , italy > > first announcement and call for papers < < abstracts due : november 10 , 1997 acceptance notification : december 20 , 1997 camera ready paper due : april 30 , 1998 please show interest in contributing to prolamat ' 98 using attached form by : september 30 , 1997 the conference scope of prolamat ' 98 expands design and manifacturing issues to include teams and virtual enterprises which come together across space and time to develop new products and bring them to global markets . manufacturing issues and information models have long been part of concurrent engineering ; they are increasingly important in new product innovation and in the development of manufacturing plans and processes which span multiple companies along with multiple time zones . past emphasis on human aspects and innovation provides a strong foundation for the next prolamat , which emphasizes three themes in separate tracks of the conference : track 1 : sharing experience gained from telecommunication use in industry for agility and innovation track 2 : human and machine communications , modelling , standard representations , reuse track 3 : telecommunication and agility impact on software technology for discrete manufacturing background - - - - - - - - - the prolamat conference is an internationally well known event for demonstrating and evaluating activities and progress in the field of discrete manufacturing . sponsored by the international federation for information processing ( ifip ) , the prolamat is traditionally held every three years and it includes the whole area of advanced software technology for design and manufacturing in discrete manufacturing . past conferences have explored : - manufacturing technology , - advances in cad / cam , - software for discrete manufacturing , - software for manufacturing . the eight international prolamat focused on the theme of man in cim . the 1995 prolamat featured the theme of life cycle modelling for innovative products and processes . the 1998 conference in italy will be organized by the university of trento , school of engineeering and department of computer and managemet sciences , jointly with istituto trentino di cultura , under the auspices of the wg2 for """" computer - aided design """" and wg3 for """" computer - aided manufacturing """" of the technical committee 5 for """" computer applications in technology """" . this conference will be the last prolamat before the next century , and it provides an opportunity to investigate and imagine what the digital communications revolution going on all around us will mean for manufacturing . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conference subjects - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - track 1 : sharing experience from telecommunication use in industry for - - - - - - - agility and innovation globalization of product opportunities and manufacturing processes , along with advances in digital communications , are simultaneously enabling and demanding agility and rapid enterprise innovation . a number of industries have been driven to exploit emerging telecommunication technologies as an important tool for meeting these demands . a major goal of this conference will be to complement the more traditional academic presentations with a separate track devoted to sharing industry experience and determining the implications of the emerging digital communications era for discrete manufacturing in the 21st century . - case studies and descriptions of experience with emerging technologies for : - concurrent engineering involving shared product and process models , - applications of telecommunications for agility , innovation or virtual organizations , - distributed business process reengineering and out sourcing , - managing virtual teams and developing and sustaining virtual organizations , - advances in telecommunication technology for collaborative knowledge processing for engineering - tele-presence , remote sensing , and distributed coordination of processes , - collaborative feature modelling , feature-based design , and geometric modelling - integration of emerging technologies and tools into existing product development - collaborative version management and update sharing - tools for enterprise integration and managing organizational change - enterprise-wide distribution and coordination of emerging product models . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ track 2 : human and machine communications , modelling , standard - - - - - - - representations , reuse people , not machines , design new products and make manufacturing systems work . increasingly , groups of people are required to design new products and bring them to market . requirements for agility and the suitability of specific manufacturing processes must be matched with the culture and knowledge base of the work force . world - class processes have floundered when this was not done . information and communication systems can either amplify or reduce the magnitude of differences across culture or engineering discipline . researchers specializing in knowledge representation , modelling , communications , standardization , and reuse will be invited to share their experiences and research perspectives . - enterprise data sharing across engineering , cultural , and supply chain boundaries , - distributed manufacturing and supply chain management - early stage product development which dynamically incorporates supplier constraints - standard models for component information representation , product and process interchange , - technologies for knowledge sharing , collaboration , and across the product lifecycle , - adaptive systems for organizational management , knowledge sharing , education , and training - organizational and manufacturing process simulation - organizing and representing design and manufacturing process for dissemination and reuse - the interface between human and machine for information sharing , training , education , - virtual reality and multi-media in manufacturing and design - collaborative manufacturing process definition and operation - collaborative product and process modeling for the product life cycle - implications of models of human communication for the support of integrated manufacturing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ track 3 : telecommunication and agility impact on software technology for - - - - - - - discrete manufacturing even in today 's post-industrial information-society , machines , not people , ultimately make the products which humans have designed and will use . digital telecommunication has become an enabling technology for agile organizations and an important tool driving some enterprise innovation . what are the implications of these profound changes in communications technology for discrete manufacturing ? which old assumptions must be rethought , and what totally new opportunities now exist ? how have software tools for discrete manufacturing evolved during these past three years ? the conference , as a whole , and this track , in particular , will attempt to answer these far reaching questions . - rapid and virtual prototyping using distributed teams or distributed manufacturing , - concurrent and simultaneous engineering systems - distributed and global methodologies for design and collaborative manufacturing - intelligent tools which communicate across the shop floor or across institutional boundaries for - automated machining operations , - scheduling , coordination , or planning for machining or manufacturing processes , - architectures , frameworks , and dss for design and integrated manufacturing , - formal design theories and methodologies - engineering simulation , product and process modelling , planning , and scheduling - issues and systems relating to sustainable manufacturing - methods and tools for sustainable product development and manufacturing processes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conference chair : g . jacucci invited members to the international program committee l . alting ( dk ) s . ansaldi ( i ) a . baskin ( usa ) p . bertok ( aus ) s . bhattacharyya ( uk ) o . biorke ( n ) k . bo ( n ) m . boari ( i ) g . bracchi ( i ) d . brown ( usa ) l . camarinha - matos ( p ) l . carlucci aiello ( i ) b - k . choi ( k ) g . christensen ( dk ) c . ciborra ( f ) e . ciciotti ( i ) u . claussen ( d ) j - p . crestin ( f ) u . cugini ( i ) b . david ( f ) c . davies ( uk ) z . deng ( n ) c . dent ( uk ) i . st . doltsinis ( d ) g . doumeingts ( f ) w . ehrenberger ( d ) j . l . encarnacao ( d ) l . estensen ( n ) k . fedra ( a ) s . finger ( usa ) f . gambarotta ( i ) j . gero ( aus ) r . geudj ( f ) p . gili ( i ) b . girard ( f ) f . giunchiglia ( i ) h . grabowski ( d ) u . graefe ( c ) g . guida ( i ) g . halevy ( isr ) j . hardy ( usa ) j . m . hee ( dk ) g . hermann ( h ) b . hofmaier ( sw ) t . holden ( uk ) g . jacucci ( i ) , chair h . jansen ( d ) c . c . kai ( sp ) f . kimura ( j ) t . kjellberg ( s ) d . kochan ( d ) g . kovacs ( h ) z . kozar ( cz ) f - l . krause ( d ) j . latombe ( usa ) g . lazzari ( i ) r . levi ( i ) f . lillenhagen ( n ) w . loeve ( nl ) s . lu ( usa ) k . maclaughlin ( usa ) r . manara ( i ) m . mantyla ( sf ) a . markus ( h ) t . markus ( h ) r . mayer ( usa ) g . menga ( i ) e . merchant ( usa ) j . mermet ( f ) i . mezgar ( h ) r . michelini ( i ) g . micheletti ( i ) v . milacic ( yu ) p . mudur ( ind ) g . musso ( i ) l . nemes ( aus ) r . ning ( prc ) s . nof ( usa ) s . noll ( d ) g . olling ( usa ) t . otker ( nl ) m . pallot ( f ) k . pawar ( uk ) j . peklenik ( sl ) g . perrone ( i ) f . plonka ( usa ) v . ponomaryov ( rus ) m . pratt ( uk ) k . preiss ( isr ) f . prinz ( usa ) b . radig ( d ) f . rigotti ( i ) j . rix ( d ) f . robson ( uk ) c . rosenthal ( usa ) m . sabin ( uk ) a . sambura ( aus ) t . sata ( j ) d . schelfi ( i ) j . schneider ( usa ) g . seliger ( d ) o . semenkov ( bj ) m . shpitalni ( isr ) d . l . shunk ( usa ) r . soenen ( f ) o . stock ( i ) a . storr ( d ) j . c . teixeira ( p ) p . ten hagen ( nl ) v . tipnis ( usa ) p . tiribelli ( i ) n . todorov ( bg ) t . tomiyama ( j ) m . tomljanovich ( i ) e . tyugu ( s ) h . van brussel ( b ) f . van houten ( nl ) g . vernazza ( i ) m . veron ( f ) a . villa ( i ) r . vio ( i ) m . waldron ( usa ) k . wang ( prc ) e . warman ( uk ) m . wozny ( usa ) h . yoshikawa ( j ) r . zandonini ( i ) e . zaninotto ( i ) a . zorat ( i ) r . zuest ( ch ) submission information extended abstracts of two pages , written in english , should be e-mailed to prolamat @ lii . unitn . it by november 10 , 1997 . accepted formats are text only , word attachment or latex attachment . abstracts will present an additional cover sheet providing title , all authors with affiliation , the full address of the principal author ( with phone , fax numbers and e-mail address ) and a list of keywords related to the paper contents . the extended abstracts will be reviewed by three referees for inclusion in the conference program . accepted contributions will be published in the conference proceedings by chapman & hall . format requirements from chapman & hall for the preparation of the camera-ready article , will be sent to the authors in due course . conference organizing committee v . d ' andrea , university of trento , ( i ) y . ficiciyan , ipk berlin ( d ) e . filos , european commission , dgiii , ( b ) m . marchese , university of trento , ( i ) chair m . ronchetti , university of trento , ( i ) g . salvatori , istituto trentino di cultura , ( i ) a . servida , european commission , dgxiii , ( b ) official language : english contact information : contact : mara gruber e-mail : prolamat @ lii . unitn . it phone : + 39 . 464 . 443 . 134 + 39 . 464 . 443 . 140 fax : + 39 . 464 . 443 . 141 www : http : / / www . lii . unitn . it / prolamat / mail : laboratorio di ingegneria informatica via f . zeni , 8 38068 - rovereto ( tn ) italy > cut here and send reply form to prolamat @ lii . unitn . it < _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ reply form ifip international conference prolamat ' 98 the globalization of manufacturing in the digital communication era of the 21st century : innovation , agility and virtual enterprise september 9-11 , 1998 trento name : . . . . . . . . . . . institution : . . . . . . . . . . . e - mail : . . . . . . . . . . i am interested in receiving further notices on prolamat ' 98 . [ ] i am also interested in contributing a paper : tentative title : . . . . . . . . . . the paper will touch upon the following topics : track 1 : experience using telecom for agility and product / process innovation ; [ ] case studies and descriptions of experience with emerging technologies for : [ ] advances in telecom technology for collaborative knowledge processing for engineering [ ] integration of emerging technologies and tools into existing produt development track 2 : human and machine communications , modelling , standard representations , reuse [ ] enterprise data sharing across engineering , cultural , and supply chain boundaries , [ ] technologies for knowledge sharing , collaboration , and across the product life cycle [ ] the interface between human and machine for information sharing training , aducation track 3 : telecom and agility impact on software technology for discrete manufacturing [ ] rapid and virtual prototyping using distributed teams or distributed manufacturing , [ ] intelligent tools which communicate across the shop floor or across institutional boundaries for : [ ] architectures , frameworks , and dss for design and integrated manufacturing [ ] issues and systems relating to sustainable manufacturing
 "",0
 1666,""Subject: toc for linguist list
  
  dear sirs , prof . helen dry has offered that we might include announcements of our activities in linguist ( message of 24 april 97 ) . you will find the announcement of a workshop on reported speech below . thank you in advance . manfred roncador announcement of a workshop at the ' 20th conference of the german linguistic society ( dgfs ) ' in halle on ' form and function of reported speech ' coordinators : tom gueldemann and manfred von roncador linguistic studies have increasingly demonstrated that in contrast to the traditional approach a clear-cut distinction between direct and indirect speech is for many languages untenable . the existence of such intermediate forms as semi-direct speech , so-called style indirect libre ( free indirect discourse ) , and logophoric constructions point rather to an analysis whereby the different forms of reported speech are assigned a specific position on a continuum whose extreme poles are characterized by a minimal or maximal shift of the deictic centre ( cf . roncador 1988 ) . in the framework of such a theoretical approach , it is interesting to investigate which different functions the individual forms of reported speech may serve in discourse . another interesting question concerns the grammatical characteristics of quotative constructions ( qc ) , i . e . linguistic expressions used in languages to signal reported speech , and how these qcs are related to the functions of the different categories of reported speech laid out on the continuum mentioned just above . possible features to be investigated in this respect are inter alia the internal structure of qcs , the obligatoriness of the individual propositional elements in them ( such as reference to speaker and addressee ) , the particular strategy for expressing the locutionary aspect , and the nature of the semanto-syntactic relation between qc and the quote itself . the historical processes that qcs or their elements are subject to constitute another possible focus of attention . this is meant to include the discussion on grammaticalization processes in this domain , which is already quite extensive but which has probably focused too much on the development of speech verbs only . as analyses of reported speech in single languages are often still oriented towards concepts developed for european languages , contributions on non - european languages offering new insights on less-known aspects of this functional domain will be particularly welcome . this will serve to put these first attempts to typologize the phenomenon of reported speech in its functional and formal aspects ( cf . roeck 1994 ) on a broader empirical basis . references : roeck , m . de . 1994 . typology of speech reports . in : engberg - pedersen et al . ( eds . ) , function and expression in functional grammar . berlin : mouton de gruyter , pp . 331-351 . roncador , m . von . 1988 . zwischen direkter und indirekter rede : nichtwoertliche direkte rede , erlebte rede , logophorische konstruktionen und verwandtes . tuebingen : max niemeyer . prof . helen dry , dr . manfred von roncador afrikanistik i universitaet bayreuth d-95440 bayreuth tel . + 921 / 55 21 91 fax + 921 / 55 36 27
 "",0
 1667,""Subject: cl school : contemporary topics in computational linguistics
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * sixth international summer school """" contemporary topics in computational linguistics """" hotel orpheus , tzigov chark , bulgaria 7 - 9 sept ' 97 http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / lab / nlp / ranlp / 97 . html [ summer school ] * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the sixth summer school """" contemporary topics in computational linguistics """" immediately precedes the international conference """" recent advances in natural language processing ( ranlp ' 97 ) """" ( 11-13 sept ' 97 , same location ) . the school will continue its tradition of offering both introductory and advanced courses . the programme will consist of tutorials and short courses . lecturers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * yorick wilks ( university of sheffield ) information extraction * sergei nirenburg ( new mexico state university ) multi - engine machine translation environments * pieter seuren ( nijmegen university ) semantic syntax * branimir boguraev ( apple computer , cupertino ) linguistically intensive content characterisation * michael zock ( limsi , cnrs ) natural language generation * harald trost ( austrian institute for ai ) computational morphology * tony mcenery ( lancaster university ) corpus linguistics * ruslan mitkov ( university of wolverhampton ) recent developments in anaphora resolution * carlos martin - vide ( university of tarragona ) natural computation for natural language * benjamin tsou ( city university of hong kong ) automatic abstracting course descriptions are available at : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / lab / nlp / ranlp / 97 . html [ summer school ] location _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tzigov chark is a beautiful resort in the rhodope mountains on the shores of batak lake . it is approximately 145 km from sofia , the capital of bulgaria . a minibus will provide reasonably-priced transport between sofia airport and the summer school 's hotel . registration fees _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ industrial participants 150 usd academic staff 110 usd students 80 usd accommodation and half-board prices _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * option 1 hotel orpheus accommodation and half-board ( breakfast and lunch ) 40 usd a day ( single room ) 30 usd a day ( if sharing a twin-bedded room ) * option 2 guest house belonging to the higher medical institute ( vmi ) plovdiv . 2 - 3 minutes walking distance from the hotel orpheus amidst beautiful fir trees . accommodation and half-board ( breakfast and lunch ) 20 usd a day ( single room ) 15 usd a day ( if sharing a twin-bedded room ) * option 3 accommodation at vmi guest house , half-board at hotel orpheus 30 usd a day ( single room ) 25 usd a day ( if sharing a twin-bedded room ) option 2 : two years ago the guest house had fixed times for meals which clashed with the programme . the local organisers are trying to sort this out . if you would like to share a room , please let us know ; would you please also specify if you wish to share the room with someone in particular . registration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ all participants are requested to complete the following registration form and send it to victoria arranz < victoria @ ccl . umist . ac . uk > we regret to inform you that the local organisers have difficulties in processing cheques , bank transfers and credit card payments . you are kindly requested to pay the registration fees and accommodation / half-board on site in cash . any major currency will be accepted ; us dollars , german marks & british pounds are preferable . ! registration form _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ! ! ! names . . . : ! organisation : ! country . . : ! fax . . . . : ! telephone . : ! email . . . : ! ! ! * accommodation and half-board ! ! [ ] option 1 ! [ ] option 2 ! [ ] option 3 ! ! [ ] single room ! [ ] double room ( to be shared with another participant ) ! ! i 'd like to share the room with : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( specify name ) ! ! for the period ( delete as appropriate ) ! ! [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] [ 14 ] september 1997 ! < - school - - > < - - ranlp ' 97 - - > ! ! ! amount to be paid on site in cash : ! ! accommodation + half board : _ _ _ usd / dm / gbp ! registration fee : _ _ _ usd / dm / gbp ! ! ( please specify the amount you are going to pay in usd or ! the equivalent in german marks or british pounds ) ! ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ < mailto : victoria @ ccl . umist . ac . uk > _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please reserve your accommodation as soon as possible . accommodation capacity in both """" hotel orpheus """" and vmi guest house are limited : all reservations will be dealt with on a first-come , first-served basis . summer school information _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for further information , if you wish to participate please contact : - victoria arranz < victoria @ ccl . umist . ac . uk > or - malgorzata stys < m . stys @ cl . cam . ac . uk > if you wish to exhibit books / software : - nicolas nicolov < nicolas @ cogs . susx . ac . uk > related events _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the summer school will be followed by the international conference """" recent advances in natural language processing ( ranlp ' 97 ) """" . http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / lab / nlp / ranlp / 97 . html
 "",0
 1668,""Subject: world english ma
  
  school of english . university of leeds , leeds , ls2 9jt uk ma in english language and world englishes new ! ! ! first intake in 1998 ! ! ! this innovative ma offers the opportunity to study modern english language in its international context . this is an exciting and growing area in english language study . the ma is of particular relevance to those in britain and outside britain who are interested in broadening their background in english language studies . this course can accommodate the needs of those whose interests are academic , educational , or media-oriented . there are two core modules : modern english language and english as a world language . a wide range of options is available from which students may choose their two other modules . some modules ( e . g . communicating meanings , language & politics , style discourse and rhetoric ) are designed especially for this ma course . in addition , the course is linked to other mas in the school of english ( e . g . in american studies and in literature from commonwealth countries ) and to the ma in the department of linguistics and phonetics . students can take approved options which are primarily language oriented , or literature oriented . many courses are also available which are offered by the school of education as part of their med program . many of these are especially relevant for those interested in the teaching of english as a second language . admission to some of these courses may depend on students fulfilling requirements made by the departments concerned . students are also required to follow a module in research methods in semester i , and to do a dissertation . the duration of the course is one academic year . core modules will be offered in the daytime , while some options are available as daytime classes and others ( e . g . dialectology & sociolinguistics and lexicology & history of english , and most of the education modules ) , where you will be studying alongside in-service teachers , are taught in the evening ( 6 - 8pm ) . students who wish to do this ma should have some background in the study of english language . normally admission would require the minimum of a good second class ba degree in english language and / or literature , or in linguistics . students with good honours degrees in combined studies , or in other subjects , may also be considered if relevant subjects have been taken . students whose degrees are from universities where the medium of instruction is not english will be required to give evidence of a high standard of english proficiency . for more information , contact : professor katie wales ( k . wales @ leeds . ac . uk ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * anthea fraser gupta : http : / / www . leeds . ac . uk / english / $ staff / afg school of english university of leeds leeds ls2 9jt uk * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",0
 1669,""Subject: position announcement / instructor
  
  position announcement instructor / linguistics the linguistics program at the university of southern maine has an opening for a part-time instructor to teach two sections of an undergraduate course titled """" analyzing language """" , beginning fall 1997 . this is a """" core """" course and meets a """" skills of analysis """" requirement for the usm core program . we are looking for candidates with excellent teaching skills and a broad command of linguistic theory . abd phd candidates are especially encouraged to apply . the two sections meet for 2 1 / 2 hours each at 4 and 7pm on wednesday evenings in portland . in future semesters course schedules can be arranged to accommodate the instructor 's schedule . salary will be in the range $ 1749 - $ 2100 per course , depending upon experience . travel time from boston to portland is about 2 hours by car . if you are interested in this position ( or know someone who may be ) please contact prof . wayne cowart at ( 207 ) 780 4477 ; fax ( 207 ) 780 5561 ; cowart @ usm . maine . edu . candidates should contact us by phone or e-mail first then submit a letter , cv , and a letter of reference from someone familiar with the candidate 's teaching experience . mailing address : linguistics program , university of southern maine , p . o . box 9300 , 96 falmouth st . , portland , me 04104-9300 . the university of southern maine is an equal opportunity employer . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = wayne cowart / assoc . prof . of linguistics / director , usm core curriculum university of southern maine 96 falmouth st . portland , me 04103 usm linguistics webpage : http : / / www . usm . maine . edu / ~ lin e - mail : cowart @ usm . maine . edu phone : ( 207 ) 780-4477 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
 "",0
 1670,""Subject: australian national place names project - research fellow
  
  macquarie university / australian academy of the humanities the aim of the national place names project is to construct a comprehensive database of an estimated 4 million australian place names , compiled on a linguistic , etymological and historical basis . this position is funded by a grant from the australian research council to the australian academy of the humanities . the appointee will develop the methodologies , the procedures and the regional structures that are necessary for the national place names project to succeed . as part of this process , the appointee will assist in organising a conference with international participation from place names experts , in order to develop methodological best practice for the project . applicants must have a doctoral degree , or be about to submit their dissertation , in a relevant field . they must have experience in lexicography , in historical linguistics or in other relevant research , sufficient to carry out the tasks of the project . preference will be given to applicants who have research experience in place names study , and who have a record of publications in this field . experience in liaising with government departments and in organising meetings and conferences would be an advantage . enquiries and further information package : mr david blair , on + 61 + 2 9850 8736 , fax + 61 + 2 9850 6900 ( e-mail : david . blair @ mq . edu . au ) . an application package must be obtained prior to sending your application . the position is available from 1 october 1997 , for a fixed term of two years . salary range : level b ( lecturer ) $ 42 , 042 to $ 51 , 113 per annum . applications , including full curriculum vitae , visa status , and the names and addresses of three referees should be forwarded to the recruitment manager , personnel office , macquarie university , nsw 2109 by 1 september 1997 . applications will not be acknowedged unless specifically requested .
 "",0
 1671,""Subject: job : linguistics at delaware
  
  the department of linguistics at the university of delaware ( http : / / www . ling . udel . edu / ling / ) is seeking an assistant professor , tenure track , with a specialization in one or more of the following areas : computational linguistics , semantics , theoretical second language acquisition . the individual will be expected to contribute to the current strengths of the department in theoretical linguistics , and to the integration of linguistics and cognitive science ( including researchers in psychology , computer science , philosophy , neuroscience , educational studies , and the applied science and engineering laboratory ) . the successful candidate will teach graduate and undergraduate level courses in his / her area , as well as some undergraduate service courses . the position will begin 9 / 1 / 98 . phd by time of appointment . interested candidates should send a letter of application detailing how they meet the position description , cv , samples of research / publications , and names of three referees , who the candidate has asked to send letters of recommendation directly to the search committee . all application material , including recommendations , should be received by december 10 , 1997 . candidates should indicate ( in their application or by e-mail ) whether they plan to attend any of the following conferences : the north east linguistic society , the boston university conference on language development , the linguistic society of america . send materials to linguistics search committee , department of linguistics , university of delaware , newark , de 19716-2551 . e - mail inquiries should be sent to professor caroline heycock , the chair of the search committee , at ling-search @ udel . edu . """" the university of delaware is an equal opportunity employer which encourages applications from minority groups and women . """"
 "",0
 1672,""Subject: position : computational linguist
  
  postion available : computational linguist cymfony research , located in western new york , is a company that specializes in research and development of cutting-edge information technology . areas of specialization include natural language processing ( nlp ) and multimodal information retrieval . cymfony is actively engaged in developing nlp - based document processing technology . this includes tools for document browsing and information extraction . we have an immediate opening for a computational linguist to participate in the information technology effort . interested candidates should have an advanced degree ( ph . d . preferred ) in computational linguistics . experience with grammar development , parsing technology , and finite state parsing techniques in particular are required . special consideration will be given to individuals having experience with statistical methods in natural language processing . in addition , the candidate must have software development experience in c / c + + , java , lisp , and shell scripting languages such as perl . candidates must have experience on both unix and pc ( windows 95 / nt ) platforms . preference will be given to individuals who are already in the us or have permission to work in the us . please forward resumes ( with references ) to : cymfony 5500 main st . williamsville , ny 14221 fax : ( 716 ) - 565-0308 info @ cymfony . com http : / / www . cymfony . com
 "",0
 1673,""Subject: british vs . american < a > ( s
  
  griffin bacal internet mail direct inquiries to postmaster @ gbinc . com 8 / 7 / 97 2 : 36 pm british vs . american < a > ( summary ) i received a number of very helpful and insightful replies in response to my question about differences in british & american pronunciations of < a > ( / ae / vs . / a / in foreign and loan words such as france , pasta , nicaragua , et al . ) and thought it might be nice to pass them on to the list . typically , there 's a nice mix of agreement & disagreement among the responses , esp . on the issue of whether americans are more """" loyal """" to the source languages than britons are . there are also some observations on british changes to native stress patterns ( which i myself noticed while dining out with british colleagues who order """" creme bru - lee """" for dessert . . . ) . one question that no one 's answered yet , though : in the british english pronunciation of """" jacques chirac """" , why does """" jacques """" have something like / a / when """" chirac """" has / ae / ? ( the non - french stress on the first syllable of """" chirac """" has been explained to me already ! ) anyway , here are the responses i received . thanks again to all . david weiss david _ weiss @ gbinc . com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 1 ) i ' ve noticed also that the british are more likely to anglicize , in the sense of using english pronunciations , especially of vowels . perhaps this habit comes from their lengthy use of latin , as a learned language . in the middle ages , i believe it was common to adapt latin to the language of the host country . for example , long a in latin was generally said as a post vowel shift / e : / or / ej / in england , as it still is . whereas in north america we generally use the classical pronunciation , with the low vowel . the other instance you cite / frans / vs . / fraens / , is a more recent development in british speech , in which / ae / lowered to / a : / before certain consonants , although not invariably . for example , in laugh , half , castle , fasten , plant , aunt the lower vowel prevails in standard british english . at least this is what i seem to have noticed . how about you ? is it possible that pasta was borrowed into british english after the vowel lowering took place ? that might explain the lack of lowering in this instance . also , the lowering does not seem to be entirely phonologically conditioned , e . g . , ant / aent / vs . aunt / a : nt / . """" pants """" may not be british , but i do n't believe this vowel is lowered , either : possibly a new borrowing from american english ? dr . ronald cosper ronald . cosper @ stmarys . ca - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 2 ) david , just a quick response to your article in the linguist list . i ' m not british or american , but have had a fair amount of exposure to both accents of english . it seems to me that the situation is n't very conclusive . many british speakers believe that they retain the right to ' naturalise ' or ' anglicise ' foreign words names , but then so do americans . the problems is that they have done this differently . if we look at more recent french borrowings , the british have generally naturalised them in terms of their stress pattern ( therefore : garage , ballet , beret , buffet , massage , to follow the pattern of older borrowings like village , damage ) , whereas americans keep it more foreign sounding by stressing the second syllable . in some cases , in the uk , ' garage ' can rhyme with ' carriage ' , and ' buffet ' with ' ( little miss ) muffet ' . on the other hand , older brits still reserve the right to pronounce ' trait ' with the final < t > silent , as in french , unlike americans ; and as you mentioned , there 's ' france ' ( and ' chance ' , 'd ance ' ) . however , if we think of non - european names like iran or pakistan , one stereotype of american pronunciation is eye - ran and pack-is - stan . moving on to your / a : / v . / ae / distinction that you mentioned , i think some of it will have to do with the fact that in american the < a > in < man > is almost universally pronounced / ae / , with perhaps the exception of southerners . in the uk , on the other hand , it is / ae / mainly in the south . when you move to northern england , or wales or to scotland , the sound is / a / , i . e . close to the european sounds as in german ' mann ' . ( and here , the / a : / in ' path ' or ' car ' is also close to [ a ] . ) you also get this over in northern ireland and the republic . therefore , a southern english speaker would be used to ' naturalising ' an item said using a scots , northern , etc . accent ( thus [ man ] - - > [ maen ] ) , and would therefore apply the same ' rule ' to european names . peter tan elltankw @ nus . sg - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 3 ) hi , i am writing back to you off net because i have nothing really substantive to add to your observation , except to say it is n't just names - listen to the british pronunciation of ' lasagna ' or ' pasta ' as well with [ ae ] . but what i wanted to say is that i named the process """" mangle """" as a new phonological rule of [ a ] > [ ae ] / [ + foreign ] , or even , more widely , take any foreign word and pronounce it somehow other than the way those foreigners would pronounce it ( you see why i am not replying to the whole net : - ) ) . i noticed it in the speech of my father-in - law , from leeds , whom i love dearly and who insists on saying [ paest @ ] for ' pasta ' . i would never correct him , but i ' ve been aware of it since , and six months of living in britain a couple of years ago only confirmed the observation you have noted as well . i ' m looking forward to seeing what other , more serious , responses look like . margaret e . winters mew1 @ siu . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 4 ) the general rule in british english is to make stressed / a / in foreign words into / ae / , as we have in the u . s . in ' piano ' . but ' france ' does n't follow the pattern , because it was anglicized so long ago , and follows another general pattern of south english dialects that is only a couple of centuries old at most : turn historical short a ( low front / ae / ) into / a : / before ( certain ? ) fricatives , with or without a nasal in between . hence ' bath ' , ' castle ' , ' fast ' , ' lance ' , ' last ' , ' france ' , etc . all have / a : / in the south of england . northerners kept the / ae / pronunciation , as did americans outside the boston area . the word ' bath ' is a good shibboleth for northerners vs . southerners in england . i think i recall reading in some history-of - english text that / ae / - - > / a : / is not a cut and dried rule ( or an exceptionless change - - however you want to think of it ) . and i can't recall exactly how the rule was stated - - perhaps the fricative had to be in a cluster . note that words ending in - ash did not undergo the change . and i ' m not sure how the lengthening of / a / before - r and - l relates to this change - - ' arse ' and ' half ' got / a : / and and then lost their liquids , in both north and south england , but not in america outside boston . try pyles and algeo 's history of english if you want to know more about this particular change . - suzanne kemmer kemmer @ ruf . rice . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 5 ) mr . weiss : i ' m not entirely sure that ' non - english < a > ' is the relevant parameter . i ' ve recently returned from the southwest , where a number of people pronounce ' colorado ' with < ae > ( a pronunciation some national news announcers reporting on the recent colorado floods also use ) . as a native of southern new england , i had always heard this word pronounced systematically and exclusively with < a > , by americans , perhaps , as you suggest , because of its spanish origin . but my recent experience shows that my pronunciation is clearly * not * the only one available . the same variation also occurs in the american pronunciations of ' vietnam ' , with some using < a > , as i do , and others using < ae > . ' native ' english words also participate in the same phenomenon : in addition to ' aunt ' , which is a well-known example , there are words such as ' bath ' , ' path ' , and ' laugh ' , which are often pronounced with < a > , not < ae > , in parts of new england . for these last four words , my native pronunciation is < ae > , although i find myself sometimes using < a > in ' aunt ' , perhaps under the influence of ' worcesterese ' . . . george aubin gaubin @ eve . assumption . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 6 ) it seems to me that the sound represented by < a > in most european languages lies between the english [ a ] as in father and [ ae ] as in pan . the brits tend to slide it forward when pronouncing words such as padre , while the americans tend to slide it back ( except for those great lakes speakers who have shifted / a / towards the center ; they do n't shift it at all ) . in either case they are assimilating the nonexistent phone into their own phonological system . i do n't think either is more ' loyal . ' a similar phenomenon happens with the french rounded high front vowel in ' tu , ' but with speakers of different languages . english speakers , when they do n't get it right , tend to make it a high rounded back vowel [ u ] . spanish speakers tend to pronounce it as a high unrounded front vowel [ i ] . the reason why may be related to subtle shifts in location of native vowels , or customs in teaching l2s or both . michael newman mn24 @ is6 . nyu . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 7 ) hi david . your query on linguist list about foreign ( a ) pronunciation was passed on to me by mark liberman . as he indicated in his response to you , i have just completed a phd dissertation on this subject . the central phenomenon under study was the one you noticed : the difference between american and british treatment of foreign ( a ) . the pattern you observed is indeed the main pattern of divergence between the dialects : americans tend to use the / a : / of ' father ' in words like ' pasta ' and ' mazda ' while brits tend to use the / ae / of ' fat ' . the american usage is really akin to using the / o / of ' pot ' , since for most americans outside of new england / o / and / a : / are merged ( father and bother rhyme ) . the divergence between the dialects is concentrated predominantly in closed ( or potentially closed ) syllables . in open ( or potentially open ) syllables , both dialects use / a : / : americans and brits alike pronounce ' llama , bravado , nirvana ' , etc . , with / a : / . a very good article by geoff lindsey ( 1990 ) , in a volume edited by s . ramsaran called studies in the pronunciation of english , shows that the am - br difference extends to other vowels and reflects a basic difference in the organization of am and br vowel systems : am vowels contrast along a tense-lax dimension and br along a long-short dimension . charles boberg < cboberg @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 8 ) i just had a discussion of this with larry trask , an american - born vasconist working in england ( u . sussex , i think ) . ( cced ; hi , larry . ) based on that discussion , i think i can codify the phenomenon you describe . 1 . the british """" nativize """" foreign words much more aggressively than the americans . a couple of examples that are unrelated to the [ a ] / [ ae ] issue : """" don juan """" sp . [ don ' xwan ] , am . [ dan ' wan ] , but br . [ dan 'd zu &n ] ; """" don quixote """" sp . [ don ki ' xo te ] , am . [ dan ki ' ho ti ] , but br . [ dan ' kwik sot ] . 2 . as a relatively recent innovation ( 1700 's , i think ) , in the south of england an original [ ae ] is backed to [ a ] in some syllables whose coda contains a fricative . hence """" grass """" , am . and n . eng . [ graes ] , s . eng . [ gras ] ; other examples are """" past """" , """" dance """" , """" entrancing """" , """" chaff """" , """" rather """" . this explains [ frans ] ; it 's not an anomalous attempt to retain a foreign [ a ] , it 's a purely southern english [ a ] , exactly as you would expect from an original [ ae ] . 3 . """" pasta """" is anomalous . from the above account i would expect s . eng . [ past& ] ; are you telling me they say [ paest& ] ? larry ? 4 . when the syllable in question gets farther from the end of the morpheme , things get murky . for """" rascal """" , both [ ras kl ] and [ raes kl ] sound plausibly londony to me . but what about """" vasconist """" ? try as i might , i can't imagine anyone , be he ever so eton - and - oxford , saying [ ' vas k& nist ] ; i can only hear [ ' vaes . . . ] . in the foregoing , i have blurred the distinction between the low-mid [ a ] and the low back english vowel that i think looks a little like a """" d """" in ipa . true oxonians nearly gag every time they say """" rather """" . allan wechsler awechsle @ bbn . com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 9 ) dear david , nice question : the reason is actually differing vowel systems between us and uk . the back / a / of us that you use in words like """" milan """" does not exist over here : the closest is the vowel you hear in france , which is / a : / ( back ) . this vowel either occurs 1 ) as a result of the loss of rhoticity ( car , cart ) , or 2 ) ( in rp and southern english ) before voiceless fricatives ( bath ) or clusters starting with a nasal , ( dance , france : the similar vowel to the french from is therefore co-incidence ) . in the case of 2 ) this is a change ( 17 / 18th century ? ) from the front / ae / . to pronounce milan with this way would make it sound like it was spelt """" milarn """" . an exception to this is some speakers ' pronunciation of pakistan with 2 / a : / s . i ' m a northerner , so use / ae / in bath , france and the words like pakistan ( and iraq , iran , ( woops , but not in zimbabwe ) : may be many of us use / a : / as these have entered the language since the vowel has been available ? ) regards , maik gibson maik @ azariah . org . uk
 "",0
 1674,""Subject: malc - - final call for papers
  
  call for papers mid america linguistics conference october 24-25 , 1997 university of missouri - columbia proposals for papers in any area of linguistics will be considered for the general session . papers will also be considered for a special session on the history of linguistics . presentation time for papers will be limited to 20 minutes , with 10 minutes for discussion . deadline for receipt of abstracts is august 25 , 1997 . authors are asked to submit three copies of an anonymous abstract . abstracts must be no more than one page in length . also include a 3x5 card with paper title , name of author ( s ) , affliation ( s ) , address , phone number , and e-mail address . e - mail submissions will not be accepted . please send abstracts to the address below . tom stroik , department of english , 107 tate hall , university of missouri - columbia , columbia , mo , 65211 .
 "",0
 1675,""Subject: history of linguistic and grammatical praxis
  
  * * * ankuendigung - einladung - call for papers * * * xi . internationales kolloquium des sgds mit dem schwerpunktthema geschichte der sprachwissenschaftlichen und grammati ( kographi ) schen praxis history of linguistic and grammatical praxis histoire de la praxis linguistique et grammaticale veranstaltet vom studienkreis ' geschichte der sprachwissenschaft ' ( sgds ) in verbindung mit dem departement linguistiek der katholieke universiteit leuven leuven / louvain ( b ) , 02 . - 04 . 07 . 1998 hinweis : bei dem o . g . themenschwerpunkt ist vor allem an historiographische studien zur grammatikographie , zum mutter - und frendsprachenunterricht sowie zu den bereichen sprachplanung , sprachpolitik und kunstsprachen gedacht . darueber hinaus ist etwa ein drittel der tagung auch fuer andere sprachwissenschaftsgeschichtliche themen vorgesehen . * anmeldeschluss : 15 . 1 . 1998 * kongresssprachen : deutsch , englisch und franzoesisch . anmeldung etc . werden erbeten an : xi . sgds - kolloquium , prof . dr . pierre swiggers , departement linguistiek , katholieke universiteit leuven , blijde inkomststraat 21 , b-3000 leuven ; fax : + 32-16 - 325025 ; e-mail : pierre . swiggers @ arts . kuleuven . ac . be oder prof . dr . peter schmitter , postfach 410115 , d-48065 muenster ; fax : + 49-2534 - 1890 ; e-mail : schmipe @ uni-muenster . de prof . dr . peter schmitter institut fuer allgemeine sprachwissenschaft westfaelische wilhelms - universitaet muenster e-mail : schmipe @ uni-muenster . de
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 1676,""Subject: nineteenth south asian languages analysis roundtable
  
  sala xix the department of language & linguistic science at the university of york , york , uk is pleased to announce that it will host the nineteenth south asian languages analysis roundtable 18-20 july 1998 the theme of the conference will be * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * south asian languages : focus on research * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * proposals for 25 minute papers are invited on any aspect of research in south asian languages ( including english ) covering the following areas : bilingualism & the mixed code syntax semantics & pragmatics ( including indian theories of meaning ) phonestics &phonology socio - historical linguistics language variation & change sociolinguistics of society first & second language acquisition applied linguistics . abstracts will be considered for early acceptance starting october 1997 . final deadline for submission of abstracts and the pre - registration form is 1st december 1997 , and for submission of paper is 15 march 1998 . abstracts ( 200 words ) together with the pre - registration form should be sent to the local organizing committee : mahendra k . verma kalika bali dept . of language & linguistic science university of york york , yo1 5dd , uk . your proposal should consist of the following : ( 1 ) the title of the abstract , along with up to 5 keywords ; ( 2 ) the panel heading of the proposal ; ( 3 ) two copies of the abstract with ( on one copy only ) the author 's name , postal address , telephone & fax numbers , and e-mail address where available , and your status - research student , academic staff , researcher . please send any request for information to the above address or to the following e-mail addresses : lang16 @ york . ac . uk or mkv1 @ york . ac . uk or kb107 @ york . ac . uk fax : 01904 432673 . the national organizing committee welcomes you to sala 's first visit to europe : mahendra k . verma ( university of york ) kalika bali ( university of york ) mukul saxena ( university college of ripon & st . john , york ) dierdre martin ( university of birmingham ) gillian ramchand ( university of oxford ) jane stuart - smith ( university of glasgow ) more information will soon be available on http : / / www . york . ac . uk / ~ kb107 sala xix department of language & linguistic science university of york , york , uk nineteenth south asian languages analysis roundtable 18-20 july 1998 south asian languages : focus on research conference pre - registration form please complete the following as you would like it to appear on the participants ' list : your title : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . your family name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . your other name ( s ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . your address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . phone & fax numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e-mail address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please reserve a conference place for me . signature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
 "",0
 1677,""Subject: new listserv for linguist
  
  dear linguist subscribers : this message heralds a change in how mail will be sent to you . up till this time , mail has been distributed to you via one of the listservs at texas a&m university . the address of the listserv by which linguist mail was distributed to you was : listserv @ listserv . tamu . edu and linguist 's main address was : linguist @ listserv . tamu . edu or linguist @ tamvm1 . tamu . edu today we have completed transferring all linguist mailing operations to our own listserv , """" listserv . linguistlist . org . """" this is now the new mail distribution site for the linguist list . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * from now on , therefore , if you wish to set your * * * * listserv options , you should address your requests to : * * * * * * * * listserv @ listserv . linguistlist . org * * * * the main linguist address has also changed . posts * * * * should now be sent to : * * * * * * linguist @ listserv . linguistlist . org * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * all other linguist and linguist addresses and urls remain the same . for the moment , mail will continue to be forwarded from the old linguist addresses to the new ones . all of us should be grateful to mark liberman and the linguistic data consortium at the university of pennsylvania , who provided this wonderful new machine and a listserv license to linguist . it was an extraordinarily generous gift . we hope that it will provide much improved mail delivery , especially to places outside north america . after , of course , the inevitable software bugs have been worked through ! anthony , helen and daniel
 "",0
 1678,""Subject: announcement follows
  
  job advertisement : research assistant dept of psychology , royal holloway college , university of london . we require a research assistant to work on an esrc - funded project directed by dr . m . saxton and dr . c . gallaway : ' effects of corrective input on the development of child grammar ' . you will be required to gather child language data in family settings and transcribe the recordings in electronic format . the proposed starting date of the project is the 15th november 1997 and it will last for 13 months . applicants should have a first degree in psychology , linguistics and / or speech pathology . a driving license and knowledge of the childes / chat system would be advantageous . salary range is stlg17 , 293 to stlg19 , 061 . job ref : gh / 1419 . closing date sept 5 , 1 997 . applications and job descriptions are available from personnel department , royal holloway , university of london , egham hill , egham , surrey tw20 0ex . , uk tel : 01784 443030 fax : 01784 473527 e-mail : s . watson @ rhbnc . ac . uk quoting relevant job reference . applications from all sections of the community are welcomed . centre for audiology , education of the deaf and speech pathology school of education university of manchester oxford rd manchester m13 9pl 0161-275 - 3383
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 1679,""Subject: new research institute
  
  g . a . i . l . a . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ grupo autonomo de investigaciones en linguistica aplicada san juan - argentina dear fellow linguists ; it is a great honor to introduce you to a new research institute that has its headquarters in san juan , a province in the north-west of argentina , south america . we are concerned mainly with problems of teaching english as a foreign language ( tefl ) . we do research on foreign language learning and coordinate courses and debates on different topics within this general subject . a lot of information as regards the current state of the art is available to all those who are interested . also , it would be interesting to carry out joint ventures as regards research with other people around the world . please , feel free to contact us through my email address : leo ferres email : aleofer @ ffha . unsj . edu . ar thank you very much , and we sincerely hope that we can share information and stregthen communication . grupo g . a . i . l . a
 "",0
 1680,""Subject: asllrp / signstream
  
  the american sign language linguistic research project involves researchers from boston university , gallaudet university , and rutgers university working together on the syntax of asl . in addition , in collaboration with dartmouth college , we are developing a tool called signstream for the coding and analysis of video-based data . general information about this project is available at our web site : < http : / / www . bu . edu / asllrp / ; . a number of reports and doctoral dissertations are now available in portable document format ( pdf ) and can be downloaded from this site : bahan , b . ( 1996 ) non - manual realization of agreement in american sign language . doctoral dissertation , boston university , boston , ma . maclaughlin , d . ( 1997 ) the structure of determiner phrases : evidence from american sign language . doctoral dissertation , boston university , boston , ma . maclaughlin , d . , c . neidle , and r . g . lee ( 1996 ) design specifications for signstream , a multimedia database tool for language research . asllrp report no . 3 . neidle , c . , d . maclaughlin , b . bahan , r . g . lee , and j . kegl ( 1997 ) the signstream project . asllrp report no . 5 . neidle , c . , d . maclaughlin , j . kegl , and b . bahan ( 1996 ) non - manual correlates of syntactic agreement in american sign language . asllrp report no . 2 . * note that digitized movies demonstrating the grammatical examples are provided . neidle , c . , d . maclaughlin , and r . g . lee , eds . ( 1997 ) syntactic structure and discourse function : an examination of two constructions in american sign language . asllrp report no . 4 . [ contents : hoza , neidle , maclaughlin , kegl , and bahan , a unified syntactic account of rhetorical questions in american sign language ; and lee , neidle , maclaughlin , bahan , and kegl , role shift in asl : a syntactic look at direct speech . ] with respect to the signstream project < http : / / www . bu . edu / asllrp / signstream > , we would be especially interested to receive feedback as to features that potential users ( linguists working with video-based data ) might find useful , to assist us with ongoing design and development .
 "",0
 1681,""Subject: sem : tocharian
  
  blockseminar : g . pinault ( professeur ` l ' universiti de clermont - ferrand - directeur ` l ' iphi ive ) einf | hrung tocharisch fu berlin , 22 . - 26 . sept . 1997 http : / / titus . uni-frankfurt . de / curric / colloq . htm # berlin97
 "",0
 1682,""Subject: next child language research forum ( fwd )
  
  announcement - - the next stanford child language research forum will take place in april 1999 . ( there will be no meeting in 1998 . ) proposals for workshops or special sessions at the 1999 meeting are welcome . please send any suggestions , via email , to : < eclark @ psych . stanford . edu > ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ the proceedings of clrf-97 will appear early in 1998 , and will be available from cambridge university press , as are the proceedings of earlier meetings ( check the cup web - site ) . alan c . harris , ph . d . telnos : main off : 818-677 - 2853 professor , communication / linguistics direct off : 818-677 - 2874 speech communication department california state university , northridge home : 818-366 - 3165 spch csun fax : 818-677 - 2663 northridge , ca 91330-8257 internet email : alan . harris @ csun . edu www homepage : http : / / www . csun . edu / ~ vcspc005
 "",0
 1683,""Subject: british < a >
  
  having followed the discussion of [ ae ] vs . [ a : ] , etc . in s british english , i 'd like to add a few historical points that may help to straighten out some uncertainties . 1 . me / a / remained open [ a ] in s england until about the middle of the 17th century ( the first good witness to [ ae ] is john wallis ' grammar of 1653 ) . at this stage there was no lengthening or change of quality . 2 . the new [ ae ] began to lengthen before / r / in the later 17th century ( categorically ) , and then before voiceless fricatives except [ s ] , and variably before / nc / clusters . the first traces of the lengthening ( well described in christopher cooper 's grammatica linguae anglicanae , 1685 ) show lengthening as variable , more frequent if a consonant follows the consonant causing lengthening : thus short vowel in car , long in cart , short in pass , long in passed , etc . 3 . lengthening increases during the 17th - early 18th century , and by around the 1740s ( e . g . in mather flint 's prononciation de la language angloise , 1740 ) there is variable lowering of the lengthened [ ae : ] to [ a : ] , partly lexically determined . this continues throughout the 18th c . 4 . the situation - - which words have lengthened and / or lowered vowels - - continues to be fluid well into the 19th c . a j ellis in 1874 reports both the modern pattern and a whole set of variants , including short vowels even before / r / . 5 . the retraction to a low central or back ( ish ) vowel is late , probably not before the later 1870s . 6 . the process never diffused through the whole lexicon except before / r / ( which of course was later lost ) ; there are still loads of minimal or near-minimal pairs in rp and other southern varieties , e . g . ass / arse , cant / can't , mass / mask , etc . a lot of forms vacillate , e . g . short or long in masturbate , plastic , etc . ( see john wells ' accents of english , 1982 for a good account ) . roger lass roger lass department of linguistics university of cape town rondebosch 7700 / south africa tel + ( 021 ) 650 3138 fax + ( 021 ) 650 3726
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 1684,""Subject: url correction for asllrp and signstream sites
  
  editor 's note : we recently posted information about web sites for the american sign language linguistic research project and signstream . the links within the posting do not function properly . those links follow here . http : / / www . bu . edu / asllrp / http : / / www . bu . edu / asllrp / signstream
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 1685,""Subject: grepping summary
  
  thanks to all who responded to my request for grepping under a dos environment with the following syntax : < grep - r < fn1 > < fn2 > fn3 > < where fn1 is the file with the set of strings to be grepped > < fn2 is the data-base > < fn3 is the output . > with the suggestions and help that i have got , i have literally """" grepped """" all about grep . thanks a lot i got a whole lot of answers which i am summarising below : 1 . the first was to use perl script to write my own grep : for both unix and dos , perl is a language that will easily allow to create a small program that will do what you ask . more information about perl , including free downloads for many environments , can be gotten from the perl language home page , http : / / www . perl . com / perl / index . html . 2 . the second suggestion was similar in nature : use awk and lex tools for the job . 3 . under unix environment three types of grep were proposed : a . egrep egrep - f fn1 fn2 > fn3 where fn1 is a file containing the search patterns ( one per line ) . if you only want to search for literal strings ( no special characters ) then you can use fgrep instead of egrep . do ' man grep ' for more details , b . fgrep fgrep - f patt-file - name < database-to - search > results-file will work , assuming patt-file - name is a file of _ strings _ ( regular expressions containing metacharacters are not allowed by fgrep . ) say man fgrep to get the details . one hitch however it will only match strings , not regular expressions . c . sgrep the sgrep utility ( not standard unix ) permits complex ( and nested ) patterns to be searched for . 4 . under dos the gnu tools are now available under dos ; gnu has only one grep and lets you do this ( according to the manual ) with grep - f f1 f2 > f3 this works and i have used it with success . thanks to andreas mengel incidentally egrep , sgrep and fgrep versions for dos exist and can be found at : ftp . rediris . es / mirror / simtelnet / gnu / gnuish / grep15 . zip thanks to susana sotelo docio 5 . another suggestion was to use sed sed - n - f < file > permits many patterns to be searched for ( with some problems when multiple matches occur on a line . 6 . another solution under dos was to grep for a large number of strings at once in a ` regular expression ' . a second alternative was to batch-file the operation , which i am using at present as a solution , but wanted something more functional . 7 . a commercial solution was also proposed : mks ( mortice - kern ) in canada makes a commercial set of unix apps and commands for use in dos and windows environments , including ksh , awk , grep , gres . their grep syntax is : grep - f pattfile file > output _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ many thanks to : martin wynne < eiamjw @ comp . lancs . ac . uk > will dowling < willd @ spectranet . ca > kevin bretonnel cohen < kevin @ cmhcsys . com > mark liberman < myl @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu > john e . koontz koontz @ boulder . nist . gov peter hamer < p . g . hamer @ nortel . co . uk > stuart luppescu < s-luppescu @ uchicago . edu > stephen p spackman < stephen @ softguard . com > d . lee < d . lee @ lancaster . ac . uk > chris culy < cculy @ blue . weeg . uiowa . edu > david palmer < palmer @ linus . mitre . org > shravan vasishth < vasishth @ ling . ohio-state . edu > susana sotelo doc ' io """" < fesdocio @ usc . es > andreas mengel < mengel @ babylon . kgw . tu-berlin . de > for their prompt and helpful replies to my query .
 "",0
 1686,""Subject: job announcement for chinese linguistics
  
  - - - - - the research centre for general linguistics , typology and universals ( zas ) , the projectgroup focus syntax , seeks : 1 research fellow ( bat - o ii - a ) for the period from january , 1 1998 to december , 31 1999 specialized in the field of chinese linguistics and generative grammar requirements / qualifications applicants should : - have a doctorate ( phd ) based on chinese linguistics ) - should be able to work in the field of information structure , - should be a native speaker of chinese , - have a goodcommand of german and / or english applications - applications should be sent to the zas up to september , 30th 1997 for more information please contact dr . h . d . gasde zentrum fur allgemeins sprachwissenschaft , typologie und universalienforschung jaegerstrate 10 / 11 d-10117 berlin e-mail : gasde @ fas . ag-berlin . mpg . de fax : ( 030 ) - 20 192 402 http : / / www . fas . ag-berlin . mpg . de
 "",0
 1687,""Subject: conference : dgfs / cl 97
  
  dear linguists , the program of the sixth meeting of the special interest group on computationallinguistics of the german linguistics society ( dgfs / cl 97 ) is now available at the following url : das programm der 6 . fachtagung der sektion cl der dgfs ist unter folgender url verf | gbar : http : / / www . linguistics . ruhr-uni - bochum . de / ~ kiss / dgfs _ prog . htm
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 1688,""Subject: web page for als-98
  
  the australin linguistics society ( als ) has prepared a new web page for its forthcoming conference on 3 - 5 july 1998 , in brisbane , queensland , australia . the url for the web page is http : / / www . cltr . uq . edu . au : 8000 / als98 the page also provides links to the other linguistics events taking place in brisbane around the same time : * australian linguistics institute ' 98 ( ali-98 ) * applied linguistics association of australia ( alaa ) 1998 congress * lexical functional grammar conference * australex biennial meeting regards peter white
 "",0
 1689,""Subject: teach english in china
  
  a number of positions are open for teachers of english at the university of finance in shanghai . interested parties please contact dr . y . ho at hsintl @ aol . com for details .
 "",0
 1690,""Subject: research positions in berlin
  
  research positions in berlin at zas berlin ( center of general linguistics , typology & universals research ) two positions are expected to become available for qualified semanticians to join already established projects . start : 1 . 1 . 1998 duration : 2 years in the first instance phd required . knowledge of german useful but not essential . salary : ca . dem 3 . 000 pcm netto ( depending on age , marital status , no . of children etc . ) please note : both positions are subject to final approval , expected oct . 1997 . interested persons are invited to send application documents - c . v . , publication list , statement of research interests , names ( + address / phone / fax / email ) of 2 referees - by 31 . october 1997 to : prof . dr . ewald lang zas jaegerstr . 10 / 11 d-10117 berlin , germany ( 1 ) project 3 """" noncanonical complementation """" the project investigates the syntax of relative clauses and related constructions within the current generative framework . a qualified semantician with a close interest in the syntax - semantics interface is sought . research topics include ( i ) reconstruction effects in relative clauses , clefts , pseudoclefts ( ii ) degree ( ' amount ' ) relatives and comparatives for further details , contact : chris @ asg . ag-berlin . mpg . de ( chris wilder ) ( 2 ) project 5 """" predicative constructions """" the project deals with lexical semantics and interfaces with morpho-syntax , focussing on predicative constructions with copula verbs including ' remain / become ' in different languages . a qualified semantician trained in representational formalisms and primarily interested in the interface between syntax , semantics and the lexicon is sought . for further details , contact : lang @ fas . ag-berlin . mpg . de ( prof . ewald lang ) website : http : / / www . fas . ag-berlin . mpg . de / - chris wilder zas , jaegerstr . 10-11 , d-10117 berlin + + 49-30 - 20192461
 "",0
 1691,""Subject: jobs : korean and / or linguistic theory - fall 1997 st . louis
  
  we have a last-minute need for a replacement instructor in st . louis to begin august 27 , 1997 . qualified individuals interested in either the korean courses or the linguistic theory course or both should make contact immediately . the primary position is a parttime lectureship in korean language at university of missouri - st . louis and washington university , which are five miles apart and have a consortium arrangement for east asian studies . two courses per semester are scheduled , one at the first-year level and one at the second-year level . candidates should have a master 's or phd degree , native or near native fluency in korean and in english , and language teaching experience . contact inge goessl , chair , dept . of foreign languages and literatures at umsl : simgoes @ umslvma . umsl . edu ( 314-516 - 6243 ; fax 314-516 - 6237 ) . there also is an adjunct position available in fall 1997 to teach principles of linguistics . this course is offered by the linguistic studies program at washington university for undergraduates and graduate students in fields other than linguistics . it should provide a serious introduction to contemporary syntax and a lesser emphasis on semantics and phonology . the primary text is chomsky 's universal grammar by r . cook ( blackwell , 2nd edition 1996 ) . contact adele abrahamsen , director , linguistic studies program at washington university : abrahamsen @ twinearth . wustl . edu . ( voicemail 314-935 - 7445 ; fax 314-935 - 7588 and 314-692 - 2502 ) . - adele abrahamsen director , linguistic studies program washington university in st . louis campus box 1125 one brookings drive st . louis , mo 63130-4899 email : adele @ twinearth . wustl . edu fax : ( 314 ) 935-7588 and ( 314 ) 692-2502 office location : new psychology building , room 410b office telephone : ( 314 ) 935-7445
 "",0
 1692,""Subject: seeking spanish editor / translator
  
  new england 's largest translation company , located in cambridge , seeks expert native spanish ability for editing and proofreading technical and commercial material that has been translated into spanish . some translation . this is a full-time , in-house position . minimum 3 years full-time editing / translating experience or equivalent . salary commensurate with experience and ability . fax resume to cindy at 617 . 864 . 5186 or email to cynthia @ linguist . com .
 "",0
 1693,""Subject: re : q : identifying ungrammatical sentences
  
  we have designed and developed an incremental parsing system called screen which processes spoken language using a hybrid learning architecture . the system receives spoken input and produces a flat syntactic , semantic and dialog analysis . this is performed in an incremental left to right parsing regime . part of the system is also a correction component which deals with incremental ungrammatical phenomena , like interjections , word repairs , repetitions , phrase corrections . if you are interested there is a jair journal article and an animation available from the home page below . this article also contains many more references on incremental grammatical processing . hope this helps , best wishes , stefan wermter * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dr . stefan wermter international computer science institute 1947 center street , suite 600 berkeley , ca 94704-1198 usa phone : ( 510 ) 642-4274 - 185 ( office ) phone : ( 510 ) 528 5009 ( home ) voicemail : ( 510 ) 642-4274 - 899 fax : ( 510 ) 643-7684 email : wermter @ icsi . berkeley . edu http : / / www . informatik . uni-hamburg . de / nats / staff / wermter . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",0
 1694,""Subject: new books : pragmatics
  
  john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new titles in the field of pragmatics : territory of information akio kamio 1997 227 pp . pragmatics and beyond , new series , 48 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 810 8 price : us $ 68 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3039 0 price : hfl . 125 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com most higher animals are said to be territorial , as a huge amount of work in ethology has made it clear . human beings are no exceptions . they tend to occupy a certain space around them where they claim their own presence and exclude others quite naturally . if territory is so prevalent among higher animals including humans , then is n't it possible to observe its manifestations in aspects of human language ? territory of information starts from this fundamental question and attempts to demonstrate the key function of the concept of territory in the informational structure and syntax of natural language . it offers an anaysis of english , japanese , and chinese in terms of territory and shows its fundamental importance in the interface of information and syntax in these languages . moreover , it argues that the concept of territory plays a major role in the evidentiality of a number of languages and in the linguistic structure of politeness . it also makes much reference to discourse and conversational analysis . thus , this is a book which might interest readers concerned with pragmatics in general , the relationship between informational structure and syntax , evidentiality , politeness , discourse analysis , and conversational analysis . genre , frames and writing in research settings brian paltridge 1997 x , 192 pp . pragmatics & beyond new series , 45 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 807 8 price : us $ 49 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 5058 8 price : hfl . 80 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this book presents a perspective on genre based on what it is that leads users of a language to recognise a communicative event as an instance of a particular genre . key notions in this perspective are those of prototype , inheritance , and intertextuality ; that is , the extent to which a text is typical of the particular genre , the qualities or properties that are inherited from other instances of the communicative event , and the ways in which a text is influenced by other texts of a similar kind . the texts which form the basis of this discussion are drawn from experimental research reporting in english . contents : 1 . introduction 2 . approaches to genre 3 . genre and frames 4 . a sample analysis : writing up research 5 . summary and conclusions . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - anthony p . schiavo jr tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : tony @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
 "",0
 1695,""Subject: english language teaching at waseda university
  
  there is anticipated to be a vacancy for a permanent faculty member in the area of english language teaching in the division of multidisciplinary studies , school of science and engineering , waseda university , tokyo starting april 1 , 1998 . qualifications : 1 . ph . d . in an appropriate field of humanities or social sciences ( including linguistics ) , with some teaching experience at the college or university level . 2 . command of japanese parallel to that of an educated native speaker . 3 . age younger than 40 . 4 . availability for in-person interview in tokyo at one 's own expense . applications must be submitted by september 15th , 1997 by registered mail with 1 . resume ( curriculum vitae ) 2 . addressed envelope with due postage stamps to prof . ayako sato division of multidisciplinary school of science and engineering , waseda university 3 - 4 - 1 okubo , shinjuku , tokyo 169
 "",0
 1696,""Subject: position : hamada , japan
  
  please do n't apply by email . english teacher . full - time , 25-30 teaching hours / week . 250 , 000yen / month . travel allowance of 200 , 000 yen . teach in the beautiful countryside with a beach nearby . teach esl to all ages but must like children . university degree required . sponsorship available . fully furnished apartment at 48 , 000yen / month . paid holidays . renewable contract . application deadline asap . position begins october 6 , 1997 . apply by mail , fax , or in person with cv / resume , contact masaharu gotoh or reymie ramirez . gotoh school of english and math . aioi-3 , hamada - shi , shimane - ken 697 . 0855-23 - 0944 ( 22-2114 ) . fax 0855-22 - 2117 .
 "",0
 1697,""Subject: job posting : korean lexicographer ( microsoft )
  
  computational linguist for korean the nlp group in microsoft research is looking for a computational lexicographer for korean . the position will be located on the microsoft central campus in redmond , washington , usa . this is a great opportunity to work with a dedicated group of researchers who are creating a system for unrestricted text understanding and generation . responsibilities : the lexicographer 's primary responsibilities include developing and maintaining the morphological rules and data for the language , in accordance with the overall system architecture used by the microsoft research nlp group . qualifications : the lexicographer 's qualifications should include experience in linguistic research and online dictionary development , programming experience , keen interest in lexical issues , and an advanced degree in linguistics or a closely related discipline . native proficiency in korean is assumed . a practical orientation is highly desirable . significant programming experience or experience extracting lexical information from online dictionaries or corpora would be a plus . about the microsoft nlp research group : we are in the process of designing and building a system to analyze unrestricted natural language , taking input text , and moving from lexical / morphological analysis through syntax , semantics , and eventually pragmatics and discourse . a generation component is also planned . the programming system and underlying principles that are used for english have been found to be applicable to other languages . we are empirically oriented , and are happy to use good linguistic ideas wherever they can be found . a reasonable first-version summary of our techniques and some of our experience can be found in the book """" natural language processing : the plnlp approach , """" kluwer academic publishers , boston , 1993 . for more information about the nlp group , connect to our home page on the world wide web . http : / / www . research . microsoft . com / research / nlp contact : please send resumes , cover letters , and any additional materials to : steven clyne human resources microsoft corporation one microsoft way redmond , wa 98052 usa email : stevecl @ microsoft . com
 "",0
 1698,""Subject: re : 8 . 137 , disc : low vowels in pie
  
  linguist @ linguistlist . org wrote : > subject : 8 . 137 , disc : low vowels in pie > editor for this issue : susan robinson < sue @ linguistlist . org > > > = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = directory = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = > > 1 ) > date : mon , 27 jan 1997 20 : 33 : 15 + 0000 > from : """" miguel carrasquer vidal """" < mcv @ pi . net > > subject : re : 8 . 113 , sum : low vowels in pie > > if we further merge * e and * o into a pre - ablaut * * a , pre - pie still > emerges with a three vowel system ( * * a , * * i , * * u ) . there is no reason > to deny * i and * u vowelhood before the emergence of ablaut ( if there > is after ablaut ) . in conclusion : ( pre - ) pie never had a single vowel > """" phoneme """" . not only is it typologically implausible , it does not > follow from the reconstruction . i am truly surprised that the question of the original vowel quality of ie < i > and < u > can arise again and again . there is not a single good argument for not regarding ie < i > and < u > as reductions from < y > and < w > : 1 ) if < i > were an ie vowel , why is it that an ie dictionary like pokorny has an i - section with two entries ( both of which have slavic cognates in jv - ) but 35 entries under y - ? 2 ) if < u > were an ie vowel , why is it that an ie dictionary like pokorny has an u - section with eight entries ( most of which have slavic or italic cognates in vv - ) but 141 entries under w - ? 3 ) compare this to 146 beginning with a - ( he ) and 95 under e - ( he ) and 43 und o - ( he ) . 4 ) if ie < i > or < u > were original , when initial , we would have to reconstruct hi / u , the same """" laryngeal """" that , with < e > , yields ie e - , i . e . one which does not change the quality of the vowel . it is not reasonable to hi and hu the source of these ten entries ( combined ) and attribute the some vowelhood to i / u that e has ( 95 entries ) . 5 ) the 189 entries beginning with a - and o - cannot arise from * hi or * hu ( at least no one has seriously suggested this to my knowledge ) , therefore must arise from a different combinations of he under different circumstances . this gives us 284 entries for ( h ) e as against 10 entries ( combined ( h ) i - and ( h ) u - ) , a very strange distribution of vowels . 6 ) i will not bother to cite aa cognates for ie words with cvi ( c ) or cvu ( c ) because many list readers do not accept the nostratic parentage of ie and aa but for those who can entertain such a heresy , we find that ie cvi and cvu correspond to aa cvy / $ [ ain ] and cvw . 7 ) typology has been severely abused in this question . whatever old indian may have been , as we find it , it has one vowel , < a > , and every other """" vowel """" is simply derived from a + h / y / w . why ie could not have been such a language , in which the h / w / y had not yet been resolved into other vowel qualities ( a : / e : / o : / i / u , etc . ) simply escapes me . pat ryan patrick c . ryan < proto-language @ worldnet . att . net > ( 501 ) 227-9947 ; fax / data ( 501 ) 312-9947 9115 w . 34th st . * little rock , ar 72204-4441 * usa webpage : < a href = """" http : / / www . geocities . com / athens / forum / 2803 """" > < / a > * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ' veit ek , at ek hekk , vindga meidhi , naetr allar niu , geiri undadhr . . . a theim meidhi er mangi veit hvers hann af rotum renn . ' * ( havamal 138 ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",0
 1699,""Subject: summary : double - dutch and youthese / pig latin
  
  my original query was posted on jul 12 1997 in linguist ( re : 8 . 1048 ) and asked for data on : ( a ) secret signalization codes among children approaching ( but still not having fully reached ) the age of adolescence , particularly so-called """" double - dutch """" ( a more or less invariant standard syllable is inserted into every word to render it unrecognizable ) in various languages of the world ; ( b ) exclusivist , but not particularly secretive youth-specific slang , so-called """" youthese """" , among teenagers ( adolescents ) , functioning as peer , in-group , or clique trademark . i have received a great deal of very useful information . i have not attempted making a summary earlier , because new responses kept coming in ( i suppose , i chose an inopportune time to send in my query , when most people are on vacation / holidays ) . having now also recieved the material one respondent said she would send me after returning from a journey , i can now proceed with the summary : the responses also included new leads to further search , and the following is a total summary . i first of all want to thank all the responders and contributors for their bery helpful and informative messages : jannis k . androutsopoulos < androuts @ novell1 . gs . uni-heidelberg . de > jack aubert < jaubert @ cpcug . org > rick mc callister < rmccalli @ muw . edu > bill fisher < william . fisher @ nist . gov > tim jake gluckman < tjgluckman @ aol . com > jack hall < jhall @ uh . edu > marion kee < marion _ kee @ cs . cmu . edu > nobuko koyama - murakami < koyamamu @ hawaii . edu > nathan sanders < sanders @ ling . ucsc . edu > nik taylor < jnataylor @ pcola . gulf . net > markell r west < markell @ afterlife . ncsc . mil > mark a . wilson < maw @ annap . infi . net > sorry if i missed somebody ( 1 ) first , the direct respondents to my original query : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - rick mc callister : called my attention to the fact , the pig latin was the term more commonly used for what i called """" double dutch """" , and also gave me the url of his www spanish pig latin page : http : / / www . muw . edu / ~ rmccalli / spigpayatinlay . html the www page is very informative . it also suggested a new venue of search , which proved quite fruitful , i . e . i started to search the internet for mentionings of """" pig latin """" , see ( 2 ) below . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bill fisher : one good example of this , which you may already be aware of , is """" boontling """" , a jargon that was developed in the 19th century in marin county , california . i ' ve got a pretty decent book on it , """" boontling , an american lingo """" , by charles c . adams , u . of texas press , austin , 1971 , isbn 0-292 - 70082 - 2 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tim gluckman : when i was at school in the ' 60s - in stockport , england - i recall that oneschoolgirl clique in my year spoke one of these insider languages . one day i asked one - they were all in my schoolyear - of the more ansprechbar of these recently pubertied schulmaedchen what they were saying . as far as i can recall it , her explanation was that their geheimsprache included a variable substitution of t / d - perhaps other consonants too - before the end of the word . it certainly had the affect of of rendering their conversations incomprehensible . this is the only time i ever came across it ; c . 1964 / 5 . they spoke it for 6 months as far as i can recall . whether it went on beyond that i do n't know ; these girls were in the middle of three streams at the grammar school 15 kilometres south of manchester where i went to at that time . and on a question of mine indicated , they were at an age where they were actively dating with boys . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - marion kee : there was a discussion on linguist ( i think sometime in 1995 ) about pig latin and related topics ; i think there were examples cited from a number of different languages . the discussion might have included a list of references . to find it in the linguist archive , try searching on """" pig latin """" and / or """" egg latin """" ( in egg latin , every syllable gets the syllable """" egg """" added prior to its vowel ; e . g . , """" eggegg leggateggin """" - - """" egg latin """" . english only , as far as i know , and my ex-husband learned it when he was 10 or 11 , in athens , ohio , usa . ) this suggestion too opened a fruitful venue for further search , see ( 3 ) below . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nik taylor : my cousins , my brother , and i had a code called flip-top . you started out by flipping around pairs of letters , double letters being counted as one , and adding - ot to consonants and nothing to vowels , doubles being indicated by """" squared """" , so """" hello """" - """" e hot o lot-squared """" . she and her friend had invented it as """" tot """" ( i think that was its name ) , and it was just adding - ot to consonants and the """" squared """" part , so """" hello """" - """" hote lot-squared o """" , i added the flipping part . ( 2 ) rick mc callister 's www page suggested a search for other such pages , but i only found one , that of nathan sanders : http : / / ling . ucsc . edu / ~ sanders / research . html which also was very informative on language games , referred to as _ ludlings _ , but i wrote the owner and got further information : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nathan sanders : a good place to start would be the work of bruce bagemihl , who has done a lot of work in the area of ludlings / language-games . here are two references on ludlings . the first has a large list of examples , while the second has more explanation of the ludling phenomenon itself : bagemihl , bruce . 1989 . ` ` the crossing constraint and backwards languages . ' ' _ natural language and linguistic theory _ . vol . 7 . pp . 481-549 . bagemihl , bruce . 1996 . ` ` language games and related areas . ' ' in john a . goldsmith ed . _ the handbook of phonological theory _ . cambridge : blackwell publishers . pp . 697-712 . = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d ( 3 ) marion kee 's suggestion to search the linguist archive led me to two unsummarized queries , so i mailed the querists : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - jannis androutsopoulos : snailed-mailed me copious material on a colloquiium she organized in heidelberg , dedicated to questions of youth slang : international colloquium """" linguistic and sociolinguistic aspects of youth - specific language """" , heidelberg , june 5 - 7 , 1997 , hosted by the graduiertenkolleg """" dynamics of non - standard varieties """" , univ . of heidelberg & univ . of mannheim . it is obviously impossible to summarize the great amount of data in the space available here , so i ' ll just say that it covers various aspects of youth slang in germany ( also ex - gdr specific ) , italy , france , switzerland ( also at turn of 19th to 20th century ) , swedish . some of the papers touch = ed upon influence of rap / hip - hop etc . on youth slang . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - markell west : responded first of all by posting a summary of responses to his query , which in itself was very informative ( re : 8 . 1079 ) . apart from that it contained a list of respondents : * * * * * ( 4 ) i mailed the respondents directly , and this brought me further helpful responses : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - jack aubert : the french """" verlan """" reverses the order of syllables . """" e l ' envers """" means """" backwards """" and if you pronounce l ' envers with its syllables reversed you get """" verlan . """" this is definitely an example of what you described as type b - - adolescent exclusivist . i have heard it said that verlan originally was used by thieves and pickpockets , but suspect this is just a made-up explanation with no particular basis in fact . but whatever its origins , it is now used by adolescents as an exclusivist slang . i do n't think any body actually uses verlan for full sentences or extended conversations . it mostly forms the basis for individual slang words that go into normal sentances . you could refer to your zon-mai ( maison ) or zon-blou ( blou son ) . there was a movie a few years ago called """" les ripoux """" which is verlan for """" les pourris """" which in context referred to corrupt cops . i think the term for french - born arabs , """" beurs """" was formed using some version of verlan which is not always regular . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - jack hall : in my response to the query about pig latin , i mentioned what i called the """" op """" language , which i read about in a book or magazine when i was about 10-12 years old ( mid 1950 's ) . as i recall , the simple rule was : put """" op """" ( phonetically [ a : p ] after every consonant in a word except the last ( final ) consonant . i am not certain what the rule was about consonant clusters . thus """" dog """" would be """" dopog """" . i remember specifically that the word """" umbrella """" was given as : """" umopbopropellopa """" , indicating that """" op """" is to be placed after all three consonants at the beginning ( umbr - - ) , but only one after the double """" l """" . i have never met anybody who has heard of this language , or knew how to use it , and , since i learned about it from a book , rather than from other people ( children ) , i cannot say anything about the sociolinguistics of it . for me it is an idiolect ( ! ! ) we ' re talking at least 40 years here , but the strange thing is , i can actually visualize the item that i read , and the page on which it was printed , although i certainly do n't know the title of the book . i am sure that it was written for people my ( our ) age at the time , not for adults . i remember that , even while i was reading it , and although i was only about 10 years old , i was aware that the description of the """" language """" was not sufficiently detailed in treatment of matters such as consonant clusters or sequences . i ' m pretty sure that """" st """" would be treated as a cluster , with one """" op """" inserted after it , not an """" op """" after the """" s """" and another """" op """" inserted after the """" t """" . thus """" stay """" would be """" stopay """" , not """" soptopay """" , but i remember that at the time i was aware that i was not sure how such a word would be treated . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nobuko koyama - murakami : japanese ba-bi - bu-be - bo language ( or lingo ) was used by teenagers . ba - bi-bu - be-bo language was specifically used when they . . . . . . . were teasing or joking with others , wishing to make their conversation sound so secretive , and purposely annoying others . manipulating this language so skillfully was a key to the membership of this group . if you mimicked this language poorly , you would be automatically excluded from the group . one more thing : there were some variants in use of this language . differences seemed to be strongly related with types of dialects ( of japanese ) they spoke . in the northern part of the mainland japan , ba-bi - bu-be - bo was inserted accordingly based on phonetics . in the tokyo metropolitan areas , ba-bi - bu-be - bo was inserted between orthographic letters ( at least such was a tendency that i had found ) . e . g . , """" icecream """" ( written as a-i - su-ku - ri - : - mu ) nb """" : """" represents lengthening mark in japanese orthography here . 1 ) a-ba - i-bi - su-bu - ku-bu - ri-bi - i-bi - mu-bu ( tokyo ) 2 ) a-ba - i-bi - su-bu - ku-bu - ri-bi - i-mu - bu as far as i know , the age group that i mentioned ( those were teenagers in 80 's ) were in the rage of 15-18 ( which means that they were in high school at that time period : nb in japan , unlike u . s . , high school is legally and clearly a separate institute ) . we all encountered and experienced this ba-bi - bu-be - bo language when we were high school students . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - mark wilson : it 's been several years since i observed the phenomenon i told markel about ( the german insertion of """" lav """" after vowels ) . german : """" lav """" inserted after vowels . """" ilavich wohlavonelave ilavin balavad holavombulavurg """" for """" ich wohne in bad homburg """" to be more precise , the insertion was """" lavv """" , where v stands for the vowel immediately preceding the ( inserted ) """" l """" . = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3 some tentative conclusions : ( a ) both phenomena , pig latin - type phonologically manipulated secret language , and youth slang , are apparently neither an anglosaxon , nor a european particularity . ( b ) predeliction to pig latin - type language game covers a much wider age bracket than i had initially suspected , beginning at around 10 years , and overlapping with youth slang , in which pig latin - type expressions may be taken up as slang - specific words . thanks again to everybody who contributed . perhaps i should apologize that this summary got so long , but to be honest , of course , i am very happy to have gotten so much to summarize , and thought it would be selfish not to share it with fellow linguist - listers and future searchers of the linguist archives . for this same reason , here are my own experiences with pig latin : at age 12-13 years , in indonesian junior middle school ( smp ) in bogor , west java , i encountered ( took part ) in the following form of pig latin : sentences were constructed to preferentially consist of bisyllabic words ( most basic words in indonesian are bisyllabic ) , and when the first syllable ended in a consonant , the entire second syllable was replaced by _ se _ ( _ e _ as in english """" were """" ) , otherwise the initial consonant of the second syllable was retained and only the rest replaced : _ saya cinta sama kamu _ """" i love you """" ( _ c _ as engl . _ ch _ ) became : _ sayse cinse samse kamse _ from other people i know that similar indonesian pig latins had existed in other parts of indonesia , particularly in central and east java . most of the ones i heard of had the _ se _ insertion , but the rules were not always exactly like in bogor in my childhood . it was only used occasionally , particularly to tease those who were not """" in """" to the secret . it was a passing fad which lasted not even as long as one school year . finally , i understand that some time around 10 years ago , in israelian pop-music there had been a hit , which also became popular outside israel , particularly in west europe . the title seems to have meant """" i love you """" in pig latin - style manipulated hebrew . can anyone tell me anything of that song , but particularly of the hebrew pig latin ? does anyone know anything about pig latin e . g . in chinese , hindi , tamil , arabic , turkish , or suaheli ? does youth slang exist in amerindian languages , in australian aborigine , or other languages of pre-industrial communities ? best regards to all , waruno - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - waruno mahdi tel : + 49 30 8413-5301 faradayweg 4 - 6 fax : + 49 30 8413-3155 14195 berlin email : mahdi @ fhi-berlin . mpg . de germany www : http : / / w3 . rz-berlin . mpg . de / ~ wm / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",0
 1700,""Subject: new books : syntax
  
  new from holland academic graphics : object positions in benue-kwa : papers from a workshop at leiden university edited by rose-marie dechaine & victor manfredi pb . xii + 253 pp . isbn 90-5569 - 031 - 7 [ hil publications , 4 . ] publication date : august 1997 all papers were presented at the niger - congo syntax & semantics workshop , no . 7 ( june 1994 ) pdf sample article available on the web or on request price nlg 40 ( approx . $ 20 ) excl . p&p information : < mail @ hag . nl > or < http : / / www . hag . nl > abstract : ever since greenberg 's 1963 classification of niger - congo - - the largest of africa 's four language families - - the relationship between the kwa and benue - congo branches has remained puzzling to historical linguists . by contrast , the past decade has seen emerging consensus on several aspects = of the grammatical typology of the benue - kwa area , which includes the major west african languages = c0k = e1n , = c8w = e8 , yor = f9b = e1 , = c8do and = cc = gbo , as well as the whole bantu group of central , eastern and southern africa . the twelve papers explore the unity and diversity of benue - kwa by investigating issues in the syntax of objects : verb serialization , verb extensions , light verbs , object agreement , object shift and double object = s . half of the contributors speak the languages they study ; most work in the principles-and - parameters tradition of generative grammar , including very recent perspectives of minimalism and antisymmetry . all the papers sugges = t innovations in these theories to accommodate african data , much of which appears here for the first time . holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands phone : + 31 70 448 0203 fax : + 31 70 448 0177 http : / / www . hag . nl
 "",0
 1701,""Subject: asian - language translators / editors needed
  
  arial translations , one of the country 's best-recognized asian - language translation firms for high-tech , has immediate openings for translators , editors and proofreaders proficient in japanese , chinese ( both simplified and traditional ) and korean . both on-site ( full time ) and off-site ( contractor ) opportunities are available . arial translations is located in portland , oregon and handled work for clients such as intel , hp and adobe . please e-mail your text resume to mike @ arialtranslations . com . for more information , visit http : / / www . arialtranslations . com thank you , - mike adams 503-646 - 4515 x 26
 "",0
 1702,""Subject: baltics 1998
  
  baltics 1998 - - - first announcement intensive language courses of latvian , lithuanian , and estonian as in the last 9 years , intensive courses of the latvian , lithuanian , and estonian languages are held in bonn / germany in 1998 . these courses , part-funded by muenster university , the federal state north - rhine - westphalia , and the robert - bosch - foundation , are designed for beginners and comprise four phases . phase 1 . participants stay in haus annaberg , a turn-of - the-century manor house overlooking bonn , between february 22 and april 2 , 1998 . classes are taugt five hours per day , five days a week . emphasis is placed on grammatical and lexical issues as well as on the development of reading , writing , and speaking skills . lectures on geographical , sociological , and political issues will be held on one weekend . phase 2 . during the university summer term , participants are expected to continue their studies in their own time , using course books and additional materials . assignments are sent out at regular intervals by the teachers . phase 3 . students stay in latvia , lithuania , or estonia for four weeks in september , 1998 . here , they study at the universities of riga , vilnius , and tartu , respectively , four hours per day , five days a week . emphasis here is on conversation skills . classes are complemented with lectures and excursions . students live with guest families throughout their stay . phase 4 . this is the final examination , again in haus annaberg , bonn . it takes place directly after the study period in the baltics . after successfully passing the exam , participants receive a certificate . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - participation is open to all students enrolled in a german university or technical college . tuition fees : dm 1 , 350 . this includes ten weeks intensive course , full board , all travel costs from bonn to the baltic states and back , examinations , and teaching materials . registration deadline : 30 / 11 / 1997 . for further information please contact : dr . magdalene huelmann institut fuer interdisziplinaere baltische studien bispinghof 3a 48143 muenster germany phone + 49 - 251 - 83 2 44 99 fax + 49 - 251 - 83 2 44 56 email tenhagw @ uni-muenster . de ( wolfgang tenhagen ) www http : / / www . uni-muenster . de / slavbaltseminar /
 "",0
 1703,""Subject: conference announcement
  
  conference announcement the xxxist annual meeting of the societas linguistica europaea ( sle ) will take place on 26-30 august 1998 at the university of st andrews , scotland . a first circular will be sent to sle members in november 1997 . anyone requiring further details now please contact dr christopher beedham , department of german , school of modern languages , the university , buchanan building , st andrews , fife ky16 9ph , scotland / uk , e-mail : cb1 @ st-andrews . ac . uk . to join the sle please contact prof . dieter kastovsky , universite4t wien , institut ffcr anglistik und amerikanistik , universite4tsstr . 7 , a-1010 wien , austria , e-mail : dieter . kastovsky @ univie . ac . at .
 "",0
 1704,""Subject: call : generative linguistics
  
  the first announcement on - line conference """" the 40 - th anniversary of generativism """" 1-12 . 12 . 1997 since chomsky 's """" syntactic structures """" , published in 1957 , the generative view in linguistics has become widely popular . thus , this year is the 40 - th anniversary of the publication . in past forty years the generative linguistics has passed several stages of development and currently it can be considered a broad and dynamically growing theory , having multiply links both within the linguistics and with other sciences . we see the goal of the conference as helding an overall discussion on generative linguistics . the work of the conference should be organized in 4 sections : section 1 . history & methodology . section 2 . current investigations in generative linguistics in all of it 's variants ( gb - theory , minimalistic program , etc . ) . section 3 . development perspectives , unsolved problems . section 4 . interconnections with other sciences : biolinguistics , psyholinguistics , neurolinguistics , cognitive , computational , mathematical linguistics . the conference organized by the electronic journal """" web journal of formal , computational & cognitive linguistics """" ( http : / / www . ksu . ru / kazan / science / fccl / index . html ) . program committee chair is noam chomsky . all the materials will be put on the web site of the journal . after the conference the materials of the conference are to be published in the journal , on cd and printed as a book . submission & review procedures : paper selection and review procedures will be similar to those of a regular conference . all text must be in ascii . length of the paper is not limited . papers must be send to < generate . list @ ksu . ru > . the first 4 lines of the message should consist of your name your email address the title of the paper number of your section our time-frame is : deadline for papers : october 20 , 1997 final program announced : november 20 , 1997 participation in the on-line conference will be carried out on the list generate . list that has been created for that purpose . to subscribe to this list , send the following message to < generate . list @ ksu . ru > : subscribe generate . list yourfirstname yourlastname for example : subscribe generate . list bill johnson once you have received confirmation of your subscription , you may send messages to < generate . list @ ksu . ru > , and you will automatically receive all new messages sent to the list . a record of all received message will be maintained on a specific web page at the conference site . participants may send their comments and questions by means of the generate . list . everyone subscribed to the list will receive these messages . if you wish to leave the list , send the following message to < generate . list @ ksu . ru > : unsubscribe generate . list firstname lastname at the end of the conference participants will be automatically removed from the generate . list . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - valery solovyev editor """" web journal of formal , computational & cognitive linguistics """" kazan state university , dep . computer science , kazan , 420008 , russia e - mail : solovyev @ open . ksu . ras . ru - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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 1705,""Subject: software developer for nlp project ( microsoft )
  
  software developer for nlp project the nlp group in microsoft research is looking for a software developer . the position will be located on the microsoft central campus in redmond , washington , usa . this is a great opportunity to work with a dedicated group of researchers who are creating a system for unrestricted text understanding and generation . responsibilities : the nlp group has created an underlying architecture and tools based on our english system . we now have linguists working to extend the system to european and far east languages , and this requires significant changes to the underlying code base , and ( equally important ) to the tools that the linguists use . the developer 's primary responsibility will be to provide whatever changes or tools the linguists need in order to proceed with linguistic development . this includes ( but is not restricted to ) modifying the tools for creating grammar and morphology systems to handle aspects of non - english languages as they come up , enhancing the tools for lexicographic work across seven languages , and doing data and dictionary conversions . qualifications : the developer 's qualifications should include professional c + + programming experience and a strong background in nlp . experience with non - english languages , unicode issues , and microsoft tools are desirable . about the microsoft nlp research group : we are in the process of designing and building a system to analyze unrestricted natural language , taking input text , and moving from lexical / morphological analysis through syntax , semantics , and eventually pragmatics and discourse . a generation component is also planned . the programming system and underlying principles that are used for english have been found to be applicable to other languages . we are empirically oriented , and are happy to use good linguistic ideas wherever they can be found . a reasonable first-version summary of our techniques and some of our experience can be found in the book """" natural language processing : the plnlp approach , """" kluwer academic publishers , boston , 1993 . for more information about the nlp group , connect to our home page on the world wide web . http : / / www . research . microsoft . com / research / nlp contact : please send resumes , cover letters , and any additional materials to : steven clyne human resources microsoft corporation one microsoft way redmond , wa 98052 usa email : stevecl @ microsoft . com
 "",0
 1706,""Subject: re : 8 . 1205 , disc : british < a >
  
  peter tan wrote : it seems to me that the evidence for ' aggressive ' nativisation / anglicisation in southern british english as opposed to american english is not clear . in my last lengthy message i did not react to this issue . my reaction is that i agree with peter . i do n't know if some of the unclarity has to do with different historical periods which differentiate british and american english , or different cultural domains , e . g . , music ( e . g . , italian terms like stacatto and the others i mentioned in the last message ) vs . foods ( e . g . , pasta - - and more recently a bunch of mexican foods , e . g . , taco , tamale , etc etc ) - - or both etc etc . however , reversals of the ' agressive ' southern brit expectation include some of the commonest and widely known foods , such as """" tomato """" and """" banana """" where undoubtedly the southern brit """" back a """" pronunciation is closer to the source than the american pronunciation ( lengthened and raised """" tomato """" as in """" day """" and """" mate """" ) and """" banana """" rhyming in american english with """" anna """" which has """" front a """" , not """" back a """" as in the """" continental """" european pronunciation of the same name . """" tomato """" , of course , is perhaps the earliest """" mexican """" food to become a widespread word in english . as for jim fiedelholz 's observation on brit """" nicaragyua """" , also striking is brit ( and canadian ) """" bilingyual """" . at least """" bilingyual """" could be considered conservative if it is modelled on the french pronunciation with a front labio-velar """" w """" , as in """" figyure """" ( for those of you who do n't pronounce it as """" figger """" ) . - - benji
 "",0
 1707,""Subject: re : 8 . 1208 , sum : double - dutch and youthese / pig latin
  
  on thu , 21 aug 1997 , the linguist list < linguist @ linguistlist . org > wrote : > from : waruno mahdi < mahdi @ fhi-berlin . mpg . de > > subject : summary : double - dutch and youthese / pig latin > jack hall : > > in my response to the query about pig latin , i mentioned what i called > the """" op """" language , which i read about in a book or magazine when i was > about 10-12 years old ( mid 1950 's ) . as i recall , the simple rule was : > put """" op """" ( phonetically [ a : p ] after every consonant in a word except > the last ( final ) consonant . i am not certain what the rule was about > consonant clusters . thus """" dog """" would be """" dopog """" . i remember > specifically that the word """" umbrella """" was given as : > """" umopbopropellopa """" , indicating that """" op """" is to be placed after all > three consonants at the beginning ( umbr - - ) , but only one after the > double """" l """" . i have never met anybody who has heard of this language , > or knew how to use it , and , since i learned about it from a book , > rather than from other people ( children ) , i cannot say anything about > the sociolinguistics of it . for me it is an idiolect ( ! ! ) i ' ve heard of it . when i was about 10 ( 1973-74 ) some friends and i played around with a language we called """" oppish """" . we did it a little differently from what you described above . """" op """" was inserted after each consonant , even the last one , based on how the word was spelled , so that """" ship """" would be """" sophopipop """" , and """" umbrella """" would be """" umopbopropeloplopa . """" > > some tentative conclusions : > > ( a ) both phenomena , pig latin - type phonologically manipulated secret > language , and youth slang , are apparently neither an anglosaxon , > nor a european particularity . > > ( b ) predeliction to pig latin - type language game covers a much wider > age bracket than i had initially suspected , beginning at around 10 > years , and overlapping with youth slang , in which pig latin - type > expressions may be taken up as slang - specific words . i think i was familiar with pig latin as young as 5 or 6 ( of course , i had older brothers , so that helped ) , and i remember using it with friends in about the second or third grade ( 7 to 9 years old ) . pig latin is also used occasionally by adults , often to keep their very young children from understanding what they are talking about ( similar to spelling words out ) . i also remember that fred flintstone ( from the tv cartoon series """" the flintstones """" sometimes muttered , """" ix - nay , barney , ix-nay , """" when he thought that barney rubble was saying too much . that 's pig latin for """" nix , barney , nix , """" where """" nix """" ( meaning """" nothing """" ) is slang for """" shut up before you get us in trouble , """" or """" put a sock in it . """" my parents also had a spike jones christmas record album that included """" jingle bells """" sung partly in pig latin by some children : """" ingle - jay ells-bay , ingle-jay ells-bay , ingle-jay all the ay-way . . . """" kevin caldwell
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 1708,""Subject: sum master 's dissertation
  
  dear netters , about a week ago i asked for help in locating peter master 's dissertation : """" a cross-linguistic interlanguage analysis of the acquisition of the english article system """" , ( 1987 ) . i got immediate response and i 'd like to thank you all . i ' m now trying interlibrary loan ( or possibly getting it through umi ) . above is the correct , full title of the works . again , thanks to : jeff macswan jack hall richard epstein scott delancey marjorie parker bob williams lyn repath - martos catherine ball bruce spencer robert freel best regards , pia kohlmyr mrs pia kohlmyr ( phd student ) phone : int + 46 ( 0 ) 31 773 17 67 gothenburg university e - mail : pia . kohlmyr @ eng . gu . se department of english fax : int + 46 ( 0 ) 31 773 47 26 s-412 98 gothenburg sweden
 "",0
 1709,""Subject: german in nova scotia
  
  several decades ago i collected some interesting songs and a neijohrspruch from lunenburg county , nova scotia . is anyone interested in them ? if so please get in touch with me : dwiles @ ccs . carleton . ca
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 1710,""Subject: distance learning programs
  
  i am currently serving in the u . s . air force and would like to pursue a ma and or phd in linguistics . i was wondering if anybody on this list knows of any programs available for distance learning that can lead to either of the aforementioned degrees ? also , if it can be accomplished over the internet or some other medium ( video , etc . ) . thank you beforehand for any material or information you might be able to send to me ! thomas loyd
 "",0
 1711,""Subject: resources on afrikaans
  
  a student of mine here in japan wishes to examine the evolution of afrikaans and its relationship to dutch / german / english . source material is scarce in local libraries , and i personally have not much knowledge of the language or literature on it . both diachronic and synchronic studies would be of interest - overview and broadly drawn material would be preferable to highly technical ( e . g . , syntactic ) analysis . thank you in advance to helpful linguists who can take the time to point us beyond """" the development of afrikaans """" and """" a grammar of afrikaans """" and work by botha to further material . reply privately to guy modica < gmodica @ fh . seikei . ac . jp > .
 "",0
 1712,""Subject: apocryphal american structuralist assertions
  
  there are two common , apocryphal assertions identified with american structuralist linguistics , and i am wondering if either of these assertions was actually made by an american structuralist . they are : 1 . language structures vary in infinitely many ways . this statement has been associated with boas , but it 's not in the hail intro . this statement has also been associated with martin joos , who supposedly said something along those lines attributing this view to boas ( but not necessarily endorsing it himself ) . 2 . the distributional method , applied rigorously , would yield a distinct syntactic category for every word in a language . it is possible that z s harris made such an assertion , though i have n't seen mention of it in the secondary literature . i am particularly interested in some form of these assertions made by structuralists who believed it themselves ; but if such do not exist , i am interested in attribution of these two beliefs to structuralists by others . thanks , bill croft
 "",0
 1713,""Subject: computational phonology
  
  the acl special interest group in computational phonology announces its new home page at : http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / sigphon access this page to : - * learn about computational phonology ; * view the online bibliography ; * obtain research papers ; * find out who 's who in computational phonology ; and * become a member of the special interest group . the information will be of particular interest if you are : * a phonologist , phonetician , psycholinguist , dialectologist , . . . and are wondering what computation has to offer ; * a computational linguist or speech technologist curious about the linguistic domain of phonology .
 "",0
 1714,""Subject: re : 8 . 1221 , re : double - dutch and youthese / pig latin
  
  dear all , thanks , first of all , to kevin caldwell < kdcaldw @ interserv . com > for his interesting and informative input . since posting the summary on the list ( re : 8 . 1208 ) i have been receiving an even greater stream of responses than after my original query , including several about opish / optalk . so , it looks like i ' ll have to post a second summary when the stream relaxes . therefor , it would perhaps be easier on the list moderating editors , if you send any further reponses ( which i greatly look forward to , because they are very helpful for me ) directly to me . i ' ll be sure to include them in the second summary . thanks for the apparently quite wide interest in the subject . best regards , waruno - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - waruno mahdi tel : + 49 30 8413-5301 faradayweg 4 - 6 fax : + 49 30 8413-3155 14195 berlin email : mahdi @ fhi-berlin . mpg . de germany www : http : / / w3 . rz-berlin . mpg . de / ~ wm / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",0
 1715,""Subject: call for papers : post - communist language change
  
  call for papers the russian language and area studies program at texas tech university announces a conference on """" society , language , and culture in post - communist russia , the other former republics of the soviet union , and eastern europe . """" the demise of communism in the soviet union and eastern europe has ushered in a mass of changes in nearly every aspect of the lives of the people in these nations . there have been changes not only in the political system , but also in the way the people of these nations lead their everyday lives and perceive their place in the world . the fall of communism has altered the way the people in former communist countries work , shop , rest , travel , etc . these changes in day-to - day life combined with the removal of state control over literature and the press have affected the way the people of these nations write and the way they read . profound differences in language , style , and content can be found in the works of leading literary figures and in the pages of any newspaper . similar changes have taken place in other spheres of art and life . how do the people of former communist countries deal with decades of a communist cultural legacy ? do they attempt to return to their pre-communist heritage , hoping to adapt these older cultural values to a modern world ? how do these nations deal with the deluge of social , material and cultural imports from their long-time capitalist foes ? how do they cope with the collision of traditional , communist and mass culture and to what degree are elements of each present in their culture today ? the conference will be held april 2 - 4 , 1998 at texas tech university . depending upon our resources we hope to downlink the conference to other sites around the nation . we also hope to publish a volume of selected papers from the conference . papers and panels from all disciplines and areas are welcome . the deadline for proposals is jan . 15 , 1998 . please address proposals on language to erin collopy , proposals on literature to anthony qualin , and proposals on society , politics , or culture to lewis tracy at : classical and modern languages and literatures texas tech university lubbock , texas 70409-2071 proposals will also be accepted by e-mail at : prof . collopy ( language ) : pveri @ ttacs . ttu . edu prof . qualin ( literature ) : pvton @ ttacs . ttu . edu prof . tracy ( society , politics , or culture ) : pvlew @ ttacs . ttu . edu erin collopy visiting assistant professor department of classical & modern languages & literature texas tech university lubbock , tx 79409 ( 806 ) 742-3286 pveri @ ttacs . ttu . edu
 "",0
 1716,""Subject: internships in israel
  
  i have recently moved to israel and am studying at tel aviv university towards a ma in linguistics ( but my bachelors is not in linguistics ) . i am looking for information regarding possible ( paid ) internships with companies working on projects which include a linguistic aspect . if anyone knows of any internship possibilities , or even knows which companies in israel are working on linguistics oriented projects , i would apretiate any information you can give me . thanks in advance , leah klearman klrmn @ zoot . tau . ac . il
 "",0
 1717,""Subject: q : incorporation in mandarin ?
  
  having recently arrived in taiwan to take up a teaching position and , as a result , started getting involved with mandarin chinese , i have very recently noticed that in this language , compound verbs can be ` interrupted ' , if i may so put it , by locative phrases . witness the following exs . : ba yizi banjin fantingli lai obj . marker chair move-come - in - dining room - come ` bring the chairs into the dining room ' ta paohui jya qule he run-return - home - go-asp . marker ` he has run back home ' ba zheiben shu nahui xuexiao qu obj . marker this-class . book carry-return - school - go ` take this book back to the school ' i ' m wondering ( in order not to reinvent the wheel ) if anybody has looked into the possibility of analyzing such constructions as examples of incorporation ? if not , can anybody offer me a good reason why not ? if there 's enough interest i ' ll post a summary . best , steven - steven schaufele , ph . d . asst . prof . of linguistics english department soochow university waishuanghsi campus taipei 11102 taiwan , roc ( 886 ) ( 02 ) 881-9471 ext . 6504 fax : ( 886 ) ( 02 ) 883-5158 fcosw5 @ mbm1 . scu . edu . tw
 "",0
 1718,""Subject: subcategorization in tranformational grammar
  
  dear colleagues , i ' m wondering if someone could give me some pointers to the latest literature in transformational grammar ( gb , p&p , minimalism ) that deals with issues of subcategorization . in particular i would like to get a sense of the latest thinking , including ways in which minimalism departs from previous assumptions . among the questions that i would ideally like to see addressed are the following : - what kind of subcategorization relations have been assumed in the recent literature , and for what kinds of phenomena ? for instance , a transitive verb must somehow encode the requirement of taking a dp complement . but can a verb also take a pp complement according to the identity of that pp 's head ( as in _ rely _ + _ on _ ) ? - how are subcategorization relations constrained ? that is , what syntactic ( or semantic ) properties are thought to be accessible ( in the limit ) to the selecting head ? - if there are substantive formal constraints on subcategorization , where do they come from ? is there anything in the architecture of the theory from which such constraints would follow ? thanks very much , - - andreas kathol
 "",0
 1719,""Subject: phonetics software
  
  i am interested in software containing phonetic symbols - - can anyone direct me ? thanks , karen robinson
 "",0
 1720,""Subject: job : lexical semantics / lexicography ( german )
  
  the division of computational linguistics at the department of linguistics at the university of tuebingen ( head e . hinrichs ) is advertising a position for a ( near ) native speaker of german in the eurowordnet project funded by the european community . the details of the job advertisment are as follows : an der abteilung computerlinguistik des seminars fuer sprachwissenschaft der universitaet tuebingen ( leitung e . hinrichs ) ist im rahmen des europaeischen forschungsprojekts eurowordnet - ii zum themenbereich multilinguale lexikalische semantik die stelle eines / r ( computer - ) linguistin mit forschungsschwerpunkt lexikalische semantik und lexikographie ( bat iia ) insbesondere fuer ausbau und integration eines deutschen wordnet ( germanet ) in ein multilinguales lexikalisch-semantisches netz zu besetzen . die aufgabenstellung erfordert muttersprachliche kompetenz des deutschen . projektpartner sind xerox ( grenoble ) sowie die universit = e4ten amsterdam , avignon , brno , madrid , pisa , sheffield und tartu . die zum 1 . 11 . 1997 zu besetzende stelle steht - vorbehaltlich der endgueltigen bewilligung - bis zum 31 . 03 . 1999 zur verfuegung . bewerbungen mit lebenslauf , einer zusammenstellung der forschungserfahrungen und - interessen und referenzadressen werden per post oder email erbeten an : helmut feldweg seminar fuer sprachwissenschaft universitaet tuebingen wilhelmstr . 113 d-72074 tuebingen e-mail : feldweg @ sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de bis zum 30 . september 1997 eingehende berwerbungen werden vornehmlich beruecksichtigt .
 "",0
 1721,""Subject: call for papers : panel on telephone calls
  
  panel : a panel is being organized for the 6th international pragmatics conference to be held on 19 - 24 july 1998 in reims , france . the panel is entitled """" telephone calls : unity and diversity of conversational structure across languages and cultures """" . aim : the aim of this panel is to bring together researchers working on telephone calls in different societies using conversational data from different languages to present their findings , to compare and contrast them with those of researchers working on other languages and in different cultures , and to discuss any similarities and differences . papers adopting a comparative perspective are especially welcome . anyone interested in offering a paper to this panel is invited to write to either of the organizers , to whom queries about further details of the conference can also be addressed . panel organizers : 1 . theodossia - soula pavlidou , department of linguistics , aristotle university of thessaloniki , greece . ( pavlidou @ lit . auth . gr ) 2 . k . k . luke , department of linguistics , university of hong kong , pokfulam , hong kong . ( kkluke @ hkusua . hku . hk )
 "",0
 1722,""Subject: new books
  
  the modern language society of helsinki is pleased to announce the publication of vol . 52 in its series memoires de la societe neophilologique de helsinki : to explain the present , studies in the changing english language in honour of matti rissanen , edited by terttu nevalainen and leena kahlas - tarkka . helsinki : societe neophilologique . 1997 . ( 503 p . usd 50 . ) the volume contains 29 articles on english corpus linguistics and the historical study of the english language by internationally recognized contributors . it was presented to professor matti rissanen on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday in june 1997 . contributors : part i : from old to early modern english : norman f . blake , fran colman , antonette dipaolo healey , risto hiltunen , dieter kastovsky , matti kilpio , roger lass , anneli meurman - solin , bruce mitchell , saara nevanlinna , michiko ogura , kirsti peitsara , antoinette renouf , fred c . robinson , irma taavitsainen and paivi pahta part ii : from early modern english to the present day : john anderson , douglas biber and edward finegan , manfred gorlach , stig johansson , barbara kryk - kastovsky , merja kyto and suzanne romaine , geoffrey leech and jonathan culpeper , magnus ljung , helena raumolin - brunberg and arja nurmi , mats ryden , jan svartvik and alex chengyu fang , ingrid tieken - boon van ostade , gunnel tottie , susan wright . previous volumes in the series : vol . 45 ( 1987 , 591 p . usd 48 . 00 ) neophilologica fennica ( societe neophilologique 100 ans , neuphilologischer verein 100 jahre , modern language society 100 years ) , edenda curavit leena kahlas - tarkka . vol . 46 ( 1987 , 192 p . usd 29 . 00 ) leena kahlas - tarkka , the uses and shades of meaning of words for ' every ' and ' each ' in old english , with an addendum on early middle english developments . vol . 47 ( 1988 , 248 p . usd 36 . 00 ) irma taavitsainen , middle english lunaries : a study of the genre . vol . 48 ( 1988 , 104 p . usd 14 . 00 ) roberto e marjatta wis , angel ganivet in finlandia . studio biografico e testi ( con 32 tavole ) . vol . 49 ( 1989 , 285 p . usd 43 . 00 ) matti kilpio , passive constructions in old english translations from latin , with special reference to the oe bede and the pastoral care . vol . 50 ( 1991 , 308 p . usd 43 . 00 ) helena raumolin - brunberg , the noun phrase in early sixteenth - century english : a study based on sir thomas more 's writings . vol . 51 ( 1991 , 314 p . usd 43 . 00 ) terttu nevalainen , but , only , just : focusing adverbial change in modern english 1500-1900 . all volumes are available from : tiedekirja bookshop kirkkokatu 14 , fin-00170 helsinki , finland fax : + 358 - 9-635017 for further information , please contact < pekka . kuusisto @ helsinki . fi > or visit the homepage of the modern language society < http : / / www . helsinki . fi / jarj / ufy / > .
 "",0
 1723,""Subject: international ta program manager , univ . connecticut
  
  the university of connecticut seeks a manager for the international teaching assistant program . the manager will develop and direct a language assessment program for international teaching assistants ; design and coordinate field - specific international teaching assistant training in consultation with departmental teaching assistant coordinators ; advise the university on policy issues ; and consult with faculty and administration regarding international teaching assistant concerns . the successful candidate should have a master 's degree in linguistics or tesol and experience teaching and administering a similar program . highly desirable are experience in applying linguistic and communication theories ; curriculum development ; speak , tse , and other oral english assessment tools ; and working with international students . excellent interpersonal communication skills are very important . this is a full-time , three-year appointment with possible extension . salary is negotiable based on qualifications and experience . applications should include a cover letter , curriculum vitae , and teaching evaluations . applicants should also arrange to have at least three letters of reference sent . address all correspondence to : diane lillo - martin , chair itap manager search committee university of connecticut linguistics department , u-145 storrs , ct 06269 ( search # 98a19 ) at the university of connecticut , our commitment to excellence is complemented by our commitment to building a culturally diverse staff . we actively encourage minorities , women , and people with disabilities to apply .
 "",0
 1724,""Subject: new book : sociolinguistics
  
  new coursebook ofelia garcia and joshua a . fishman ( editors ) the multilingual apple languages in new york city 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xiv , 373 pages paperback dm 68 , - / us $ 29 . 95 isbn 3-11 - 015707 - 1 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this book will be of special interest to the general reader concerned with the issue of language in the united states , as well as the language specialist and socio-linguist . it has been written to inform those wishing to learn more about the role that languages other than english have had , and continue to have , in the life of one of the most important united states cities , new york . at the same time this volume makes an important contribution to the scholarly literature on urban multilingualism and the sociology of language . the book contains chapters on languages of ethnolinguistic groups who arrived early in new york and which have been somewhat silenced ( irish , german , yiddish ) , the languages of groups who made early contributions and continue to be heard in the city ( italian , greek , spanish , hebrew ) , and languages which are acquiring an important voice in the city today ( chinese , indian languages , english creoles , haitian creole ) . contents ofelia garcia and joshua a . fishman , foreword * i . introduction to the multilingual apple * ofelia garcia , new york 's multilingualism : world languages and their role in a u . s . city * ii . the language of early arrivals : still encountered * kenneth e . nilsen , irish in nineteenth century new york * john r . costello , german in new york * hannah kliger and rakhmiel peltz , yiddish in new york * iii . the languages with vitality in the past and the present * hermann w . haller , italian in new york * chrysie m . costantakos and john n . spiridakis , greek in new york * ana celia zentella , spanish in new york * alvin i . schiff , hebrew in new york * iv . the languages with the newest sounds and of newest faces * shiwen pan , chinese in new york * kamal k . sridhar , the languages of india in new york * carole m . berotte joseph , haitian creole in new york * lise winer and lona jack , english caribbean creole in new york * v . concluding observations to the multilingual apple * joshua a . fishman , do ethnics have culture ? and what 's so special about new york anyway ? * contributors * index examination copies for course adoption are available upon request . please contact the publisher . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de to order , please send fax or email to the above adress
 "",0
 1725,""Subject: position in speech & hearing sciences
  
  position : professor ( full , associate , or assistant ) ph . d . program in speech and hearing sciences the graduate school and university center , located in midtown manhattan , is part of the city university of new york , the nation 's largest public urban university . over 4000 students are enrolled in 32 doctoral programs and 7 master 's programs . the ph . d . program in speech and hearing sciences , with approximately 75 students , is one of the most distinguished in the country . this position , beginning in september 1998 , is for a professor specializing in the neurophysiological aspects of language production and / or processing . the successful individual will be able to develop and sustain a research program , to teach , and to supervise dissertations in these areas . a history of external funding for research or the potential to obtain funding is desired . the candidate should have a strong background in linguistics or psycholinguistics and an interest in clinical populations . the individual must have a record of empirical and scholarly publications in one or more areas of the neurophysiology of language . qualifications : required : ph . d . or equivalent in the discipline from an accredited university , a substantial record of research and publications , excellence in teaching , and experience supervising doctoral students . review of applications will begin october 1 , 1997 . send a letter of application , curriculum vitae , sample publications , and three letters of reference to : professor richard g . schwartz ph . d . program in speech and hearing sciences cuny graduate school and university center 33 west 42 street new york , ny 10036 rschwart @ email . gc . cuny . edu the city university of new york is an eo / aa / ada / irca employer richard g . schwartz , ph . d . ph . d . program in speech and hearing sciences city university of new york graduate school and university center 33 west 42 street new york , ny 10036 usa rschwart @ email . gc . cuny . edu phone : ( 212 ) 642-2352 fax : ( 212 ) 642-2379
 "",0
 1726,""Subject: new books : historical linguistics
  
  new titles from john benjamins publishing historical linguistics : historical linguistics 1993 . selected papers from the 11th international conference on historical linguistics , los angeles , 16-20 august 1993 . henning andersen ( ed . ) 1995 x , 460 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 124 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 578 8 price : us $ 110 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3627 5 price : hfl . 190 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this volume contains a selection of papers from the 11th international conference on historical linguistics ; among them are a few presented at the workshop on typology and parameters organized during the conference . the 34 papers discuss a variety of topics , reflecting the latest developments in research in historical linguistics and covering a wide range of languages . contributions by : andrew allen ; gregory s . anderson ; julie auger ; laurel brinton & dieter stein ; v = edt bubenik ; kate burridge ; concepci = f3n company ; c . jac conradie ; thomas d . cravens & luciano giannelli ; naomi cull ; andrei danchev ; bridget drinka ; richard epstein ; jadranka gvozdanovic ; kaoru horie ; masataka ishikawa ; bernard jacquinod ; dieter kastovsky ; ritva laury ; leena l = f6fstedt , silvia luraghi ; maria manoliu - manea ; jaap van marle ; ana maria martins ; chantal melis ; robert w . murray ; johanna nichols ; jairo nunes ; claudia parodi ; betty s . philips ; susan pintzuk ; pieter van reenen & lene schosler ; elke ronneberger - sibold ; nigel vincent . comparative indo-european linguistics . an introduction robert s . p . beekes 1995 xxii , 376 pp . us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 504 4 price : us $ 75 . 00 paper : 1 55619 505 2 price : $ 24 . 95 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 2150 2 price : hfl . 125 , - - paper : 90 272 2151 0 price : hfl . 50 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this book gives a comprehensive introduction to comparative indo - european linguistics , the first to appear in english . it starts with a presentation of the languages of the family ( from english and the other germanic languages , the celtic and slavic languages , latin , greek and sanskrit through armenian and albanian ) and a discussion of the culture and origin of the indo - europeans , the speakers of the indo - european proto-language , who are considered to have lived in what is today the ukraine . the book gives an introduction into the nature of language change and the methods of reconstruction of older language stages , with many examples ( from the indo - european languages ) . a full description is given of the sound changes , which makes it possible to follow the origin of the different indo - european languages step by step . this is followed by a discussion of the development of all the morphological categories of proto - indo - european . the book presents the latest in scholarly insights , like the laryngeal and glottalic theory , accentuation , the ablaut patterns and these are systematically integrated into the treatment . while the book presents a large amount of material and discusses many principles and the relevant terminology , it is written in a very readable and lucid style . use of the book is facilitated by an appendix on phonetics , a glossary , full indexes , and an extensive bibliography . the book can be used as a first introduction to the field , and at the same time brings the reader to the current moment of research . zur geschichte der deutschen sprache . new edition with an introductory article by kurt r . jankowsky wilhelm scherer 1995 lxii , 246 pp . amsterdam classics in linguistics , 16 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 770 5 price : us $ 97 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 1994 x price : hfl . 170 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com wilhelm scherer ( 1841-1886 ) has gained wide recognition for his extraordinary accomplishments in linguistics as well as in literary studies . his first and most important contribution to the development of linguistic science was his monumental work of 508 pages zur geschichte der deutschen sprache , published in 1868 . his stated objective was """" to subject all aspects of the germanic grammar to a new treatment . """" while such a wording sounds rather modest , the actual implementation in his book , if viewed within the framework of his time , might very appropriately be called revolutionary . he broke with august schleicher 's distinction between 'd evelopment ' ( in prehistorical time ) and 'd ecay ' ( in historical time ) in the history of language and replaced it with his notion of continuous , uninterrupted development . his survey of the relevant literature of his time is almost exhaustive , and his findings serve as the solid stepping stone for his own advances . to facilitate reading , the editor has supplied an index of names ( with life dates ) , a complete listing of the literature referred to by scherer as well as an introduction to scherer 's life and his general scholarly achievements . towards a history of the basque language jose ignacio hualde , joseba a . lakarra & r . l . trask ( eds . ) 1995 365 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 131 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 585 0 price : us $ 90 . 00 rest of world : cloth : 90 272 3634 8 price : hfl . 150 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com questions related to the origin and history of the basque language spark considerable interest , since it is the only surviving pre - indo - european language in western europe . however , until now , there was no readily available source in english providing answers to these questions or giving an overview of past and current research in this area . this book is intended to partly fill this void . the book contains both state-of - the-art papers which summarize our knowledge about particular areas of basque historical linguistics , and articles presenting new hypotheses and points of view based on hard evidence and careful analysis . all contributors to this volume have demonstrated expertise in the topic within basque historical linguistics that their chapter addresses . two classical articles by the late luis michelena are included in english translation . in addition , the book includes studies on diachronic phonology , morphology and syntax . the relation of basque to other languages is also investigated in a couple of chapters . english historical linguistics 1994 . papers from the 8th international conference on english historical linguistics ( 8 icehl , edinburgh , 19-23 september 1994 ) 1996 viii , 403 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 135 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 590 7 price : us $ 84 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3639 9 price : hfl . 150 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this volume offers a selection of 19 papers from those read at the 8th international conference on english historical linguistics . the topics discussed span the whole history of english from the common germanic period to the present century . the book also includes , as appropriate to the conference venue , a number of papers on the aspects of the historical development of scots and scottish english . historical pragmatics . pragmatic developments in the history of english andreas h . jucker ( ed . ) 1995 xvi , 624 pp . pragmatics & beyond new series , 35 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 328 9 price : us $ 97 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 5047 2 price : hfl . 170 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com until very recently , pragmatics has been restricted to the analysis of contemporary spoken language while historical linguistics has studied historical texts and language change in a decontextualized way . this has now radically changed and scholars from around the world are trying to build a new theoretical framework that integrates recent advances both in pragmatics and in historical linguistics . this volume , which contains 22 original titles , starts with an introduction that is both a state-of - the-art account of historical pragmatics and a programmatic statement of its future potential and its different subfields . part i contains seven pragmaphilological papers that deal with historical texts and their interpretations by paying close attention to the communicative context of these texts . the second and third parts comprise papers in diachronic pragmatics . the ten papers of part ii take a linguistic form as their starting point , e . g . particular lexical items or syntactic constructions , and study their pragmatic functions at different times ( diachronic form-to - function mappings ) , while the four papers of part iii take a particular pragmatic function as their starting point . e . g . discourse strategies or politeness , and study their linguistic realisation at different times ( diachronic function-to - form mappings ) . contributions by : c . allen ; u . bach ; h . bergrer ; e . bern = e1rdez & p . tejada ; m . fludernik : g . fritz ; w . h = fcllen ; a . jacobs & a . jucker ; r . kopytko ; s . kryk - kastovsky ; j . lennard ; j . de lima ; p . navarro - errasti ; t , nevalainen & h . raumolin - brunberg ; n . onodera ; g . ronberg , s . schwenter & e . traugott ; i . taavistainen ; t . virtanen ; k . wales ; s . w = e5rvik ; r . watts semitic and indo-european : the principal etymologies . with observations on afro-asiatic saul levin 1995 xxii , 514 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 129 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 583 4 price : us $ 97 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3632 1 price : hfl . 170 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this volume presents the key examples of morphological correspondences between indo - european and semitic languages , afforded by nouns , verbal roots , pronouns , prepositions , and numerals . its focus is on shared morphology embodied in the cognate vocabulary . the facts that are brought out in this volume do not fit comfortably within either the indo - europeanists ' or the semitists ' conception of the prehistoric development of their languages . nonetheless they are so fundamental that many would take them for evidence of a single original source , ' proto - nostratic ' . in this book , however , it is considered unsettled whether proto - ie and proto - semitic had a common forerunner . but the ie - semitic combinations testify at least to prehistoric language communities in truly intimate contact . questions ? contact bernie keck email : service @ benjamins . com
 "",0
 1727,""Subject: two summaries
  
  i apologize for being so negligent in posting these summaries to questions i asked 6 weeks ago . the responses were plentiful and very useful , and quick ! congratulations go to james vanden bosch ( vand @ calvin . edu ) and rob pensalfini ( rjpensal @ mit . edu ) who answered my questions on french loan words and language evolution before i had even received the posting from linguistlist . wow . the figure i had remembered was that some 10 , 000 words were borrowed from french into english . as most people said , it comes from baugh , albert c . ( 1951 ) , _ a history of the eng lang _ , 2nd edn . routledge & kegan paul , london , p . 215 . which was basically the only place i had n't looked . other interesting information : p . 327 """" according to jespersen , nearly half ( 42 . 7 percent ) of the french borrowing in english to ca . 1900 belong to this [ 1250-1400 ] period . 36 . > from thomas pyles , the origins and development of the english language . ny : harcourt brace jovanovich 1971 , 2nd ed . pyles is quoting ( his footnote 36 ) : jesperson , growth and structure of the english language , 9th ed . oxford 1954 ( orig . pub . 1905 ) . other references : coleman , julie ( 1995 ) the chronology of french and latin loan words in english . _ transactions of the philological society _ 93 , 95-124 . there are further references there . there 's also a recent book , i think , by christiane dalton - puffer . steve seegmiller wrote : the total number of borrowings from french is certainly much higher that 10 , 000 - probably ten times that number or more , if you count the word in an unabridged dictionary ( rather than , say , the 20 , 000 most common words ) . i have heard figures ( perhaps from jespersen again , i ' m not sure ) to the effect that 80 % of all of the words in are borrowings , and 80 % of those are from french and latin . > from terry nadasdi i just saw your posting on linguist . i do n't have an exact reference , just a suggestion of where you might consider looking . i just had a look at my m . a . thesis which was on english loan words in canadian french . i have a quote there which suggests that w . d . whitney might be a place you could look . the quote is as follows : """" rarely has any cultivated tongue , during a like period of history given up more of its ancient material than did the english during the few centuries which succeeded the norman invasion . . . """" this quote by whitney was taken from a . elliot , 1889 in an article entitled """" speech mixture in french canada """" , american journal of philology , vol . x , 2 """" speech mixture in french canada """" , american journal of philology , vol . x , 2 no . 38 . p . 158-186 . i unfortunately no longer have the article with me , but your library should have it in order that you might find the original whitney source which give actual numbers of loan words from french to english . thanks again to ( in no particular order ) : roslyn blyn - ladrew ( jladrew @ chesco . com ) david denison ( mfcepdd @ fs1 . art . man . ac . uk ) steve seegmiller ( seegmillerm @ alpha . montclair . edu ) terry nadasdi ( tnadasdi @ gpu . srv . ualberta . ca ) burns cooper ( ffgbc @ aurora . alaska . edu ) w . h . edmondson ( w . h . edmondson @ cs . bham . ac . uk ) terry lynn irons ( t . irons @ morehead-st . edu ) ( and anyone else i missed ) this was my original second posting about the evolution of languages : > i once read that the natural evolution of a language is from > analytic to synthetic . i ' ve been unable to find that assertion > since , and am wondering if i made it up . replies to this open question were much more varied and i ' ll quote them all . > from rob pensalfini ( rjpensal @ mit . edu ) : i can't comment on who might have said it , but it has probably been said . i think english serves as a counterexample to some degree , where you had a highly inflecting language that lost a lot of its inflection ( verbal and nominal ) and now uses prepositions et al where case marking would have once done the work . i always imagined it as a circle , so that a fully isolating language might start to incorporate certain things and over the centuries become synthetic , polysynthetic even ( incorporating not only adpositions but pronominal arguments ) . eventually , some of the distinctions encoded in the inflection might be lost , some of the inflection might be lost altogether , and then the language ( we ' re talking centuries later again ) might use independent words ( perhaps adverbials or something ) to indicate particular grammatical relations , and lo and behold you ' ve got an isolating language again . the fact that change in either direction is possible is why there are two sides to debates on things like what the ancestor australian language ( s ) might have looked like . australia has both head marking ( polysynthetic ) languages and dependent ( case - ) marking languages , as well as languages that are a mixture of the two . some people think that the original language was dependent marking and that truncation and cliticisation of pronouns led to head-marking ( ken hale and i are among these people ) , while other people take the equally valid view that the ancestor was synthetic and that case marking developed in conjunction with the loss of head marking . hope this was of some use , rob carl mills ( carl . mills @ uc . edu ) wrote : i do n't know who made up this """" theory , """" but they are probably wrong . on this view , what happened to english between ca . 800 and ca . 1500 ? ? > from peter daniels ( pdaniels @ press-gopher . uchicago . edu ) : there are some remarks on this in the new book by anatole lyovin , * introduction to the languages of the world * ( oxford , 1997 ) ; i do n't remember whether he gives references . but the notion of progress between types is certainly found in max muller . i believe it was folks like boas who laid it to rest ; meanwhile the romance future formation cycle had been noticed , and if high - class languages like latin and french could oscillate between analytic and synthetic , then obviously it could n't be an evolutionary sequence ! > from john halloran ( seagoat @ pop . primenet . com ) : a trend from agglutinative to inflective was identified by bernard h . bichakjian in his article """" evolutionary patterns in linguistics """" which appeared in studies in language origins , vol 2 , ed . walburga von raffler - engel , jan wind , and abraham jonker ( amsterdam / philadelphia : john benjamins , 1991 ) , pp . 187-224 . he also identifies some other trends in linguistic evolution . geoffrey sampson ( geoffs @ cogs . susx . ac . uk ) wrote : my memory is that adalbert schleicher , who was the first writer to describe language evolution as a natural process akin ( or even identical ) to biological evolution , thought of the movement from analytic to synthetic as a decay which came about after the intellectual progress of mankind had attained a point at which it no longer needed to be supported by specific linguistic structures - - and that this was linked to themes in hegel 's philosophy , about which i am deeply vague . > from ian dale ( iandale @ ccs . carleton . ca ) : i take it you are referring in the first instance to wilhelm von humboldt . a few quick references . edward sapir ( language , 1921 , chapter 6 ) deals rather extensively with a rather more detailed typological comparison , without specific reference to humboldt . charles f . hockett ( 1958 , a course in modern linguistics , p181 ) dismisses such ideas out of hand , without giving a reference . r . h . robins ( 1964 , general linguistics : an introductory survey , pp 331 - 335 ) also discusses this sort of classification and does refer specifically to humboldt 's """" ueber die verschiedenheit des menschlichen sprachbaues , berlin , 1836 ( reprinted darmstadt , 1949 . """" but as to any sort of """" natural evolution """" , all ( and i imagine this """" all """" would include nearly all linguists ) agree that this is out of the question , especially if """" evolution """" has anything to do with """" progress , """" and especially since most languages display both synthetic and analytic features ( not to speak of such other terms as polysynthetic , agglutinative , isolating , and inflecting ) . > from asya pereltsvaig ( asya @ mail . netvision . net . il ) hi , i do n't know if it 's of any help to you or it will just confuse you , but i remember reading somewhere of just the opposite approach : that languages develop from synthetic to analytic . however , i can't address you to a reference right now . laurie bauer ( laurie . bauer @ vuw . ac . nz ) writes : if it is , the history of romance from latin needs some explanation - - or english from germanic , for that matter . yet if you consider french le livre , je l ' ai lu , moi in terms of phonology instead of traditional word breaks , we could argue that we have le _ livre je _ l ' ai _ lu moi in three words , the middle one of which is synthetic , derived from a more analytic j ' ai lu le livre . so we find both directions occurring naturally . whew ! thanks to everyone . this has shown me that there is no simple answer and that i should just as likely believe the opposite as what i thought i had read . m melanie misanchuk department of french italian and spanish university of calgary calgary , alberta , canada
 "",0
 1728,""Subject: nineteenth annual cognitive science conference
  
  the nineteenth annual conference of the cognitive science society will be held at stanford university from august 7 to 10 , 1997 . this year 's meeting will run four days and include eight half-day symposia on selected topics . for information about registration and housing , see the conference web site at http : / / www-csli . stanford . edu / cogsci97 which also contains information about other aspects of the meeting . we have kept this year 's registration fee low to make the conference accessible to as many people as possible . registration is only $ 100 for members of the cognitive science society and $ 155 to $ 183 for nonmembers . however , this rate holds only until the early registration deadline of july 1 , 1997 , so please register as soon as possible . on - campus housing , which we encourage , is also available if you register by this date . the conference web site includes both postscript and electronic versions of the registration and housing form . we look forward to seeing you at stanford this august .
 "",0
 1729,""Subject: new perspectives on language acquisition ( revised )
  
  conference program ( revised ) new perspectives on language acquisition : minimalism and pragmatics university of massachusetts , amherst bartlett 65 june 2 , 3 , 4 1997 day 1 : early stages in child language / negation monday , june 2 9-10 registration session 1 : early stages of language acquisition 10-11 invited speaker : david lebeaux n . e . c . """" determining the kernel ii : prosodic form , syntactic form , and phonological bootstrapping """" 11-11 : 30 susan powers university of potsdam , germany """" binary processes and structures in language acquisition """" 11 : 30-12 coffee 12-12 : 30 mireia llinas i grau universitat autonoma de barcelona , spain """" verb - complement patterns in early catalan """" 12 : 30-13 mary sweig wilson and jeffrey pascoe laureate learning systems , inc . """" the minimalist program : implications for early language intervention """" 13-14 lunch session 2 : negation i 14-14 : 30 judy baek , m . i . t . """" object shift , subject position and verb raising in korean """" 14 : 30-15 lamya abdulkarim , thomas roeper , and jill de villiers university of massachusetts , amherst , smith college """" negative islands in acquisition : lf - feature movement or chain links """" 15-15 : 30 coffee 15 : 30-16 dana macdaniel , judy bernstein , and cecelia mckee university of southern maine , university of arizona """" minimalist perspectives on resumptive pronouns in children 's and adults ' relatives """" session 3 : negation ii 16-16 : 30 d ' jaris coles university of massachusetts , amherst """" linguistic constraints on negative concord in african - american english """" session 3 : 16 : 30-17 alison henry , cathy finlay and john wilson university of ulster , jordanstown ( ireland ) """" the acquisition of negative concord """" 17-18 invited speaker : frans zwarts university of groningen , the netherlands """" semantic parameters in language acquisition """" 19 : 30 party at tom 's day 2 : developing representations : specificity , temporality , and theory of mind tuesday , june 3 session 1 : specificity 9 - 9 : 30 jeanette schaeffer m . i . t . """" the interaction between syntax and pragmatics in first language acquisition """" 9 : 30-10 ana perez - leroux """" specificty , the acquisition of dps , and development of a theory of mind """" 10-10 : 30 coffee session 2 : inflection 10 : 30-11 sharon armon - lottem university of maryland """" agreement mismatches and the economy of derivation """" 11-11 : 30 alison henry , lindsay klimacka and alex smith university of ulster , jordanstown ( ireland ) , cherryville clinic """" sli , optional infinitives and parameter setting """" 11 : 30-12 janice jackson university of massachusetss , amherst """" aspectual knowledge in african - american children """" 12-13 lunch session 3 : acquisition and temporality across languages 13-13 : 30 laura wagner university of pennsylvania """" what children know when they understand viewpoint aspect """" 13 : 30-14 angeliek van hout i . r . c . s . """" on the role of direct objects and particles in clearning telicity """" 14-14 : 30 michael walsh dickey university of massachusetts """" tense and discourse in the acquisition of african - american english """" 14 : 30-15 coffee session 4 : tense and theory of mind 15-15 : 30 jill de villiers smith college """" on acquiring the structural representations for false complements """" 15 : 30-16 bart hollebrandse university of massachusetts , amherst """" on theory of mind and sequence of tense """" 16-16 : 30 commentator angelika kratzer university of massachusetts , amherst day 3 : minimalism and new approaches to child grammar wednesday , june 4 session 1 : later stages and minimalism 9 - 9 : 30 shalom zuckerman university of groningen , the netherlands """" the acquisition of verb movement in hebrew """" 9 : 30-10 william snyder , deborah chen , maki yamane , laura conway , and kazuko hiramatsu university of connecticut """" on the nature of children 's left - branch violations """" 10-10 : 30 carole tenny boster university of connecticut """" a minimalist processing approach to early subject omissions """" 10 : 30-11 coffee 11-11 : 30 arild hestvik university of bergen , norway """" optimality theoretic account of children 's coreference errors """" 11 : 30-12 ayumi matsuo university of connecticut """" reciprocity and binding in early child grammar """" 12-12 : 30 thomas roeper university of massachusetts , amherst """" minimal syntactic structures """" farewell registration $ 10 ( $ 5 for students ) this conference is sponsored by the psycholinguistic trainee grant , graduate school umass , linguistics department and the afro american english grant at the communication disorders department . for more information : holleb @ linguist . umass . edu bart hollebrandse linguistics department university of massachusetts amherst , ma 01003 u . s . a . ( 413 ) 545 0885
 "",0
 1730,""Subject: a grammar of bella coola
  
  new book announcement davis , philip w . and ross saunders . 1997 . a grammar of bella coola . university of montana occasional papers in linguistics no . 13 . pp . viii + 190 . isbn no . 1-879763 - 13 - 3 . us $ 20 ( shipping included ) . to order send check for $ 20 to umopl , linguistics program , university of montana , missoula , mt 59812 . for further information check http : / / www . umt . edu / ling / umopl / titles . htm
 "",0
 1731,""Subject: new book : germanic linguistics
  
  we would like to bring to your attention this new book from john benjamins publishing in the field of germanic linguistics : germanic linguistics . syntactic and diachronic rosina lippi - green & joseph salmons ( eds . ) 1996 viii , 192 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 137 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 592 3 price : us $ 47 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3641 0 price : hfl . 110 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this volume contains ten revised and expanded papers selected from the dozens presented at the last michigan - berkeley germanic linguistics roundtable , five contributions each from syntax ( by werner abraham , sarah fagan , isabella barbier , john te velde , and ruth lanouette ) and historical linguistics ( by garry davis and gregory iverson , mary niepokuj , neil jacobs , edgar polome , and david fertig ) . the authors start from current theoretical discussions in syntactic and diachronic research , using theory to address longstanding but still current problems in germanic linguistics , from clitic placement and verb-second phenomena through the ' verschurfung ' to the twaddellian view of umlaut . each contribution relies on careful sifting of data situated in the relevant comparative context , germanic , indo - european and cross-linguistic . for further information please e-mail bernadette keck : service @ benjamins . com
 "",0
 1732,""Subject: re : summary : ' no ' and ' man '
  
  thanks for all the responses . it was really something to get the number and quality of ideas . 1 . ' no ' my initial query was : south african english use of ' no ' - does this occur in contexts such as : a . how are you ? b . no , i ' m fine . in other english varieties / other languages ? confronted with such examples , vistors to the country often comment that in sa english , ' no ' means ' yes ' . this , of course , is not true . ' no ' would be the response to the question ' do you have the time ? ' if the speaker did n't have the time . * generally : a couple of people commented that ' no ' definitely does not mean ' yes ' in these contexts . what it does is rather to negate the possibility of a negative belief concerning the answer to the question . in the example above , for instance , b . is negating a . 's possible belief that b . is not well . why south africans hold that the possibility of such negative beliefs is so strong they have to be denied remains to be seen . * ' no ' in other varieties of english the use of ' no ' in the types of examples cited anyway is not recorded according to the responses in : - australian english - american english - english english it is recorded in : - nigerian and ghanaian english there do appear to be related ( but not identical ) discourse uses of ' no ' and similar particles in other varieties of english . few english responses actually dealt with this usage at all . by far the majority were on ' man ' * ' no ' in other languages ' no ' does seem to be used in a variety of other languages in the same way as in sa english . similar uses are recorded in : - the scandinavian languages - german ( 'd och ' - similar but not identical ) - cameroon french - bangkok thai ( ' plaw ' - lit . ' empty ' ) - spanish ? it also occurs , incidentally , in afrikaans . 2 . ' man ' my question here related to the use of ' man ' to express a negative emotional involvement of the speaker of some sort - irritation , impatience or annoyance . examples given were : man it 's hot today hurry up mom , man man , i can't this right * english a huge response that showed that ' man ' is used similarly in : - american english ( both ' black ' and ' white ' ) - scottish english - tyneside english ( in north east of england ) - jamaican english - welsh english - an ' americanism ' found in other varieties of english . the american english usage at least does not necessary carry negative sentiment and is ' a more general tag . . . over which any kind of emotional intonation can be laid ' . example b . above , an example which typifies sa usage , was found to be odd ( ' wierd ' ) by american respondants . the reason for this is that ' man ' although an interjection still appears to ' have the flavour of a term of address so that ' mom , man ' sounds like two forms of direct address in a row ' . it seems , then , that ' man ' in sae does not bare the feature ' term of address ' at all in such contexts . the only instance in which similar usages were given was in tyneside english . ( ' shut up man geoff ' ' those kegs are too tight man mary ' . here though , the actual term of address occurs finally as opposed to the use of ' man ' finally in sae . this needs to be explored further , but of further interest : - there is a distinctly ' american ' use of ' man ' in sae that is not like the south african use of man ( ' cool man ' type of utterances ) . - other sa examples of man : - daddy , man ! ( 5 year old daughter after i stood on her toe ) - man , david , i do n't mean that ( wife and self in ' altercation ' ) - no man , that 's not right . - man ! this bloody computer is giving problems . - saenglish ' man ' alternates between shwa and full vowel in all contexts . ( in sae shwa occurs as a vowel in stressed contexts - 's it ' can have shwa for eg ) : related usage in currant american english is the use of 'd ude ' . * other languages related uses of ' man ' include : - dutch - swedish ( ' boy ' is used in a similar way ) - norwegian - ? german use of ' etwa ' may have similar function - german ( ' usually to indicate weariness ' ) - spanish - ? lhasa tibetan ( ' mi ' - ' person ' ) interestingly in dutch the 'd ouble address form [ as in ' hurry up mom , man ' ] is impossible ( just """" schiet op , man """" must do ) . ' some interesting stuff came out as you can see . just for your interest , on further sa english item : - ' sorry ' for ' i beg your pardon ' e . g . a drops something without knowing . b picks it up and calls out to a ' sorry , you dropped something ' anyway thanks to : helen adamson geoffrey sampson elin haf gruffyd jones celso alvarez caccamo mai kuha mark donohue marek przezdziecki scott delancey mats eeg-olofsson dom watt hilde hasselgard nicole nelson jane a . edwards sren harder charlie rowe nobue mori adiego lajara bruce connell krisadawan hongladarom frank bramlett deborah milam berkley douglas s oliver larry trask kristine hasund paul boersma m . lynne roecklein judy l . delin benji wald stephen p . spackman john verhaar randall major + the person who wished to be anonymous for the references .
 "",0
 1733,""Subject: available for review
  
  the book listed below is in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . language acquisition & prosody hung , feng sheng , 1996 . """" prosody and the acquisition of grammatical morphemes in chinese languages """" indiana university linguistics club . in this comparison study , hung investigates the influence of prosodic and phonological factors on the acquisition of frequently occurring grammatical morphemes in two morphosyntactically similar but prosodically different languages , namely taiwan mandarin chinese and taiwanese . through an analysis of the patterns of realization and omission of these morphemes in children 's speech , he concludes that rhythmic characteristics of languages can affect segmentation of input speech by providing different kinds of prosodic handles for the novice to grasp . metrical feet may offer mandarin children one kind of segmentation handle . in taiwanese , however , the syllable more likely functions as a segmentation unit .
 "",0
 1734,""Subject: carnie @ linguistlist . org
  
  the book listed below is in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . philosophy of language : platts , mark , 1997 """" ways of meaning : an introduction to a philosophy of language """" 2nd edition . mit press , cambridge ma . the philosophy of language is not an isolated philosophical discipline of merely technical interest to other philosophers . rather , as mark platts shows , it can help to solve traditional problems in other areas of philosophy such as metaphysics , epistemology , and ethics . ways of meaning provides an introduction to such issues at the forefront of philosophy . the 2nd edition contains a new chapter on natural kinds .
 "",0
 1735,""Subject: mini workshop on split constituents
  
  the syntax project of the innovationskolleg """" formal models of cognitive complexity """" wants to organize a mini-workshop on split constituents such as ( 1 ) or ( 2 ) some time in fall 1997 . ( 1 ) interessante buecher hat sie keine teuren gelesen interesting books has she no expensive read """" she did n't read any expensive interesting books """" [ german ] ( 2 ) na kakav je ivan krov bacio loptu on what-kind - of was ivan roof threw ball """" on what kind of roof did he throw a ball """" [ croatian ] if you are working on this kind of construction ( the language does not matter ) and if you would like to come to such a mini-workshop , please let us know . . . cavar @ rz . uni-potsdam . de fanselow @ rz . uni-potsdam . de
 "",0
 1736,""Subject: hpsg97 program
  
  international conference on head-driven phrase-structure grammar hpsg97 at the summer institute of the lsa cornell , ithaca , ny july 18-20 , 1997 friday , july 18 , 1997 9 : 00-10 : 00 feature talk : title tba . carl pollard ( ohio state university ) . 10 : 00-10 : 30 adjuncts as complements : evidence from case assignment . adam przepiorkowski ( eberhard - karls - universitaet tuebingen ) . 10 : 30-11 : 00 conjunctive semantics for adjuncts : evidence from rationale infinitives . david baxter ( university of illinois at urbana - champaign ) . 11 : 00-11 : 20 coffee break 11 : 20-11 : 50 type - hierarchical analysis of gapless relative clauses in korean . jong - yul cha ( university of illinois at urbana - champaign ) . 11 : 50-12 : 20 the internally headed relative clause in japanese as a case of syntactic coercion . chiharu uda ( doshisha university ) . 12 : 20-12 : 50 linearization and wh - extraction in hpsg : evidence from a dialect of serbo - croatian . gerald penn ( eberhard - karls - universitaet tuebingen ) . 12 : 50 - 2 : 30 lunch break 2 : 30 - 3 : 00 the morphosyntax of serbo - croatian quantified np 's . stephen wechsler ( university of texas at austin ) and larisa zlatic ( university of texas at austin ) . 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 a lexical approach to quantifier floating , anne abeille ( university of paris 7 ) and daniele godard ( cnrs and university of paris 7 ) . 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 verb - second structures in breton . bob borsley ( university of wales , bangor ) and andreas kathol ( uc berkeley ) . 4 : 00 - 4 : 30 west greenlandic noun incorporation in a monohierarchical theory of grammar . rob malouf ( stanford university ) . 4 : 30 - 4 : 50 lemonade break 4 : 50 - 5 : 20 parallel morpho - syntactic constraints in european portuguese cliticization . berthold crysmann ( university of saarland ) . 5 : 20 - 5 : 50 clitic climbing in noun phrases . dimitra kolliakou ( university of groningen and university of newcastle ) . 5 : 50 - 6 : 20 the structure of french causatives . michael calcagno ( ohio state university ) and carl pollard ( ohio state university ) . saturday july 19 , 1997 9 : 00 - 1 : 00 feature talk title tba . peter sells ( stanford university ) . 10 : 00-10 : 30 vp relatives in german . ehrard hinrichs ( eberhard - karls - universitaet tuebingen ) and tsuneko nakazawa ( university of tokyo ) . 10 : 30-11 : 00 the semantics of relative clause extraposition . tibor kiss ( ibm germany ) . 11 : 00-11 : 20 coffee break 11 : 20-11 : 50 the scope - marking construction in german . andreas kathol ( uc berkeley ) . 11 : 50-12 : 20 a syntactic analysis for wh-questions in german . anke feldhaus ( eberhard - karls - universitaet tuebingen ) 12 : 20-12 : 50 locus agreement in american sign language : an hpsg analysis . kearsy cormier ( university of texas at austin ) . 12 : 50 - 2 : 30 lunch break 2 : 30 - 3 : 00 idiomatic constructions in hpsg . susanne riehemann ( stanford university ) . 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 no one 's forgotten the periphery , have they ? emily bender ( stanford university ) and dan flickinger ( stanford university ) . 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 lexicalization of context . graham wilcock ( university of manchester and sharp corporation ) . 4 : 00 - 4 : 20 lemonade break 4 : 20 - 4 : 50 grammar acquisition by probabilistic model transformation . eugene koontz ( suny - buffalo ) . 4 : 50 - 5 : 20 modular integration and interpretation of principles in cf-psg . josef van genabith ( dublin city university ) 5 : 20 - 5 : 50 ' inside - out ' constraints and description language for hpsg grammars . jean - pierre koenig ( suny - buffalo ) . hpsg-97 party 6 : 30-10 : 30 sunday , july 20 , 1997 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 english number names in hpsg . jeff smith ( san jose state university ) 9 : 30-10 : 00 long - distance reflexives and the binding square of opposition . antonio branco ( dfki and university of lisbon ) and palmira marrafa ( university of lisbon ) 10 : 00-10 : 30 on locality of negative concord in polish and romance . adam przepiorkowski ( eberhard - karls - universitaet tuebingen ) and anna kupsc ( polish academy of sciences and university of paris 7 ) 10 : 30-11 : 30 feature talk : title tba . howard gregory and shalom lappin ( soas , university of london ) . 11 : 30 - 2 : 00 lunch break 2 : 00 - 5 : 00 symposium : construction theory participants : charles fillmore ( uc berkeley ) , ellen prince ( university of pennsylvania ) , ivan sag , organizer , ( stanford university ) , gert webelhuth ( university of north carolina ) . registration : - participation in the conference is free for registered institute participants - for others : pre - registration ( before july 1 ) : $ 30 : non-students ; $ 15 students on - site registration : $ 40 : non-students ; $ 25 students to pre-register , send your name and affiliation to : via e-mail : jpkoenig @ acsu . bufalo . edu via snail-mail to : hpsg97 685 baldy hall state university of new york at buffalo buffalo , ny , 14052 - usa for any further information , see : http : / / linguistics . berkeley . edu / hpsg / hpsg97 or contact : jean - pierre koenig linguistics dept . 685 baldy hall state university of new york at buffalo buffalo , ny , 14052 ( 716 ) 655-9179 e-mail : jpkoenig @ acsu . buffalo . edu travel and lodging : some dorm space might be available for conference participants . details will be provided soon . for travel information , consult the cornell web page at : http : / / www . sce . cornell . edu / cuss / lsa . html for lodging in ithaca in general , consult the following web page : http : / / www . ithaca . ny . us / commerce / lodging . html for info on ithaca and the finger lakes region , consult : http : / / www . ithace . nys . us http : / / www . fingerlakes . com
 "",0
 1737,""Subject: summer school on """" history of linguistics """"
  
  - - - - - the swiss linguistics society organizes a summer school on the topic """" historical epistemology of linguistics """" , from september 1st to september 5th , in sion ( switzerland ) . this summer school consists in two parts : 3 days of work-shops and 2 days of conference . for more informations please contact prof . alain berrendonner ( alain . berrendonner @ unifr . ch ) . you will find here the french presentation of the school and its program . ecole d ' ete """" epistemologie historique de la linguistique """" ( sion , 1 - 5 septembre 1997 ) nous avons le plaisir de vous annoncer que la 3e ecole d ' ete de la societe suisse de linguistique ( ssl ) , organisee en collaboration avec l ' institut kurt bosch , se tiendra du 1er au 5 septembre 1997 bramois pres de sion ( vs ) . buts . le theme retenu , epistemologie historique de la linguistique , tient d ' une part au fait que la ssl fete cette annee ses 50 ans d ' existence . il nous a semble particuliarement opportun , l ' occasion de ce jubile , de jeter un regard retrospectif sur l ' histoire de notre discipline . d ' autre part , l ' objectif des ecoles d ' ete de la ssl est d ' apporter un complement de formation aux etudiants , doctorands et jeunes chercheurs , en diffusant desinformations qui relevent de domaines de specialite peu ou pas representes dans les universites suisses . or , l ' enseignement de l ' histoire et de l ' epistemologie de la linguistique est loin d ' tre assur partout de faon systematique . il nous est donc apparu qu ' en choisissant ce theme , nous contribuions combler utilement une lacune institutionnelle . le but de l ' ecole est non seulement de fournir aux participants des connaissances sur le passe de la linguistique ( theories , doctrines , methodes . . . ) , mais aussi de favoriser l ' exchange d ' experiences entre chercheurs , la reflexion sur les modes de construction des objets de science , et la mise en perspective des pratiques cognitives . public vise . l ' ecole d ' ete est destinee principalement aux doctorands et jeunes chercheurs des universiters suisses , travaillant dans le domaine des sciences du langage . elle peut egalement interesser des specialistes en epistemologie , histoire des sciences , philosophie des sciences , histoire des idees . . . organisation . la premiere partie du programme comprend cinq demi-journees , consacrees chacune un cours , suivi de discussion et / ou de travaux diriges . la seconde partie prendra la forme d ' un colloque , au cours duquel divers sp = e9cialistes pr = e9senteront leurs resultats les plus recents , et illustreront leur methodologie sur des faits precis . la participation la totalite du programme est de rigueur . programme lundi 1er septembre . matin : konrad koerner ( toronto ) : sprachwissenschaftsgeschichte : sinn , zweck und methode . apres - midi : claudine normand ( paris x ) : le positivisme en linguistique . mardi 2 septembre . matin : d . baratin / f . desbordes : la pensee medievale et antique . apres - midi : j . - c . chevalier : grammaire scolaire vs grammaire gensra le du xviie au xixe sicle . mercredi 3 septembre . matin : b . schlieben-lange ( tubingen ) : kontinuitten und broche in sprachwissenschaftlichen diskursen . apres - midi : jubile de la ssl . regards sur 50 ans de linguistique en suisse conference de s . bouquet : l ' histoire editoriale des textes de linguistique generale de f . de saussure . jeudi 4 septembre / vendredi 5 septembre : colloque 9h - 9h45 d . skilian ( zagreb ) : la pensee linguistique grecque avant socrate . 9h45 - 10h30 r . h . robins ( londres ) : les grammairiens byzantins . 10h30 - 11h pause 11h - 11h45 r . amacker ( geneve ) : sur les formes de l ' argumentation chez les grammairiens latins . 12h repas 14h - 14h45 o . pombo ( lisbonne ) : la th = e9orie leibnizienne de la pensee aveugle en tant que perspective sur quelques apories linguistiques de la modernite . 14h45 - 15h30 j . breuillard ( lyon iii ) : etre linguiste en russie au xviiie siecle : la decouverte de la diversite des langues . 15h30 - 16h pause 16h - 16h45 j . trabant ( berlin ) : mithridates : de conrad gesner adelung / vater . 16h45 - 17h30 l . formigari ( rome ) : epistemologie de la linguistique chez steinthal . vendredi 5 septembre . 9h - 9h45 p . swiggers ( louvain ) : gillieron : structuraliste ou anti-structuraliste ? 9h45 - 10h30 a . fryba ( berne ) : philologie und sprachwissenschaft in der schweiz am anfang des 20 . jahrhunderts . 10h30 - 11h pause 11h - 11h45 j . fehr ( zurich ) : semiologie im spannungsfeld von sprache und schrift . 12h repas 14h - 14h45 d . gambarara ( univ . di calabria ) : l ' ouverture historique de l ' espace de la linguistique . 14h45 - 15h30 g . bergougnioux ( orl = e9ans ) : la langue et le cerveau : genese de l ' aphasie . 15h30 - 16h pause 16h - 16h45 k . wippich-horackova ( prague ) : sprachlehrwerke als spiegel der sprachwissenschaft . inscription . le nombre de participants est limite a 30 . les frais d ' inscription , couvrant l ' hebergement et les repas , se montent a sfr . 500 . - grce a une subvention de l ' academie suisse des sciences humaines , les frais d ' inscription d ' une dizaine de participants etudiants peuvent tre pris en charge par le budget de la ssl . la demande doit en otre faite au moment de l ' inscription . pour s ' inscrire , contacter au plus vite : societe suisse de linguistique ( ecole d ' ete ) prof . a . berrendonner criblet 13 , 1700 fribourg e-mail : alain . berrendonner @ unifr . ch
 "",0
 1738,""Subject: muc - 7 call for participation
  
  * * * call for participation * * * seventh message understanding system evaluation and message understanding conference ( muc - 7 ) evaluation : 2 - 6 march 1998 conference : april 1998 washington , d . c . area sponsored by : the human language systems tipster text program of the defense advanced research projects agency information technology office ( darpa / ito ) the message understanding conferences have provided on ongoing forum for assessing the state of the art and practice in text analysis technology and for exchanging information on innovative computational techniques in the context of fully implemented systems that perform realistic tasks . the evaluations have provided researchers and potential sponsors and customers with a quantitative means to appreciate the strengths and weaknesses of the technologies , and the results reported on at the conferences have sparked customer interest in the potential utility of the technologies . the seventh message understanding conference ( muc - 7 ) will provide an opportunity for both new and experienced muc participants to participate in a flexible evaluation , suited to development needs and abilities . it will provide : * opportunity to select among a variety of tasks : named entity ( ne ) , coreference ( co ) , template element ( te ) , template relationship ( tr ) and scenario template ( st ) . * two tasks for evaluating component technologies ( ne and co ) , which use standard generalized markup language ( sgml ) as output format * redesigned information extraction ( ie ) task , with two domain-independent subtasks ( te and tr ) separated from domain-dependent subtask ( st ) . * emphases of st task on portability and on minimizing human resources required to participate in the evaluation . * three experimental tracks to explore new data sets and tasks . participation in muc - 7 is actively sought from both new and veteran organizations . with the new and redesigned evaluation tasks , muc - 7 offers a good opportunity for organizations to try out new ideas for handling nlp problems that are of both scientific and practical interest without having to participate in the entire range of tasks . the conference itself will consist primarily of presentations and discussions of innovative techniques , system design , and test results . there will also be an opportunity for participants to demo their evaluation systems . attendance at the conference is limited to evaluation participants and to guests invited by the darpa tipster text program . a conference proceedings , including test results , will be published . schedule : 1 july 97 : application deadline for participation 15 july 97 : release of ne , co , te , tr , and example st training data and scorer 8 september 97 : release of dry run st task definition , training data , and scorer 29 sept - 3 oct 97 : muc - 7 dry run ( all participants ) 6 february 98 : release of formal test st task definition , training data , and scorer 2 - 6 march 98 : muc - 7 formal run 7 - 9 april 98 : 7th message understanding conference ( tentative dates ) data and task description : the texts to be used for system development and testing are news service articles from the new york times news service , supplied by the linguistic data consortium ( ldc ) [ ldc @ ldc . upenn . edu ] . training , dry run , and test data for all the tasks are extracted from a corpus of approximately 158 , 000 articles . sets of articles to be used in the muc - 7 evaluation will be distributed via ftp upon payment of a one time fee of $ 100 and upon signing of a user agreement for the use of these texts . the user agreement can be retrieved from the ldc catalog ( evaluation agreements ) . the url for the ldc home page is : http : / / www . ldc . upenn . edu . five separate evaluations will be conducted as part of muc - 7 . the definition of these evaluations has been worked out since late 1996 by members of the muc - 7 planning committee . the evaluations may be viewed as capturing the results of text analysis at various levels of aggregation of information : * named entity ( ne ) requires only that the system under evaluation identify each bit of pertinent information in isolation from all others . * coreference ( co ) requires connecting all references to """" identical """" entities . * template element ( te ) requires grouping entity attributes together into entity """" objects . """" * template relationship ( tr ) requires identifying relationships between template elements . * scenario template ( st ) requires identifying instances of a task-specific event and identifying event attributes , including entities that fill some role in the event ; the overall information content is captured via interlinked """" objects . """" * experimental tracks using new data sets are variants of the ne task . the task definition is the same as for the basic ne task , but the texts are different . * experimental track involving a new task is a simplified version of the te task . key things to note about each evaluation task : * ne covers named organizations , people , and locations , along with date / time expressions and monetary and percentage expressions ; it requires production of sgml tags as output . * co covers noun phrases ( common and proper ) and personal pronouns that are """" identical """" in their reference ; it requires production of sgml tags as output ; the tags for coreferring strings form """" equivalance """" classes , which are used for scoring . * te covers organizations , persons , and artifacts , which are captured in the form of template """" objects """" consisting of a predefined set of attributes . * tr covers relationships among template elements , including location and time relationships , which are captured in the form of template """" relations """" consisting of a relationship and the template elements participating in that relationship . tr is a new task for muc - 7 . * st covers a particular scenario , which is kept secret until one month prior to testing in order to focus on system portability ; however , the generalized structure of a scenario template is predefined , and example scenarios are available for participants to examine . this task is domain dependent . * tasks for the experimental tracks are derived from ne and te . there is a world wide web site that allows automated testing following the rules of muc - 6 . it will be of particular value to new participants . the website is password protected and you need to be licensed to access the acl / dci disk from the ldc to obtain a password from chinchor @ gso . saic . com . muc - 6 articles were taken from the acl / dci disk . an anonymous ftp site will be available for downloading muc - 7 related material . this cfp and the muc - 7 participant agreement are available to the public from the ftp site . each participant ( after signing the ldc user agreement and a muc - 7 participation agreement ) will receive a password to download the muc - 7 data , definitions , and scoring software at the release times noted above . the url of the website is http : / / muc . saic . com . the ftp site is ftp . muc . saic . com . test protocol and evaluation criteria : muc - 7 participants may elect to do one or any combination of tasks and experimental tracks . participants will have access to shared resources such as the training texts and annotations / templates , task documentation , and scoring software . all muc - 7 participants are encouraged to participate in the dry run and take advantage of material available . the formal test will be conducted during the first week in march . it will be carried out by the participants at their own sites in accordance with a prepared test procedure and the results submitted to the ftp site for official scoring with the software prepared by saic for muc - 7 . test sets used for the evaluations will consist of 100 texts , with subsets for some of the tasks . there will be different data sets for the dry run and the formal test . systems will be evaluated using recall and precision metrics ( all tasks ) , f - measure ( all tasks ) , and error-based metrics ( all tasks except co ) . the computation of these metrics is based on the scoring categories of correct , partial , incorrect , spurious , missing , and noncommittal . muc - 7 participants will be able to familiarize themselves with the evaluation criteria through usage of the evaluation software , which will be released along with the training data . instructions for responding to the call for participation : organizations within and outside the u . s . are invited to respond to this call for participation . by the time of the actual testing phase of the evaluation , systems must be able to accept texts without manual preprocessing , process them without human intervention , and output annotations ( ne , co ) or templates ( te , tr , st ) in the expected format . organizations should plan on allocating approximately two person-months of effort for participation in the evaluation and conference . it is understood that organizations will vary with respect to experience with sgml text annotation , information extraction , domain expertise / engineering , resources , contractual demands / expectations , etc . recognition of such factors will be made in any analyses of the results . organizations wishing to participate in the evaluation and conference must respond by july 1 , 1997 by submitting a short statement of interest via email and a signed copy of the muc - 7 participation agreement via surface mail . 1 . the statement of interest should be submitted via email to marsh @ aic . nrl . navy . mil and should include the following : a . evaluation task ( s ) ( choose one or more ) * named entity * coreference * template element * template relationship * scenario template b . primary point of contact . please include name , surface and email addresses , and phone and fax numbers . c . does your site have a copy of the muc - 6 proceedings ? 2 . the participation agreement can be downloaded from the anonymous ftp site ( ftp . muc . saic . com ) . a signed copy should be sent by surface mail to elaine marsh , nrl - code 5512 , 4555 overlook ave . sw , washington , d . c . 20375-5337 , usa . if some questions cannot be deferred until the deadline for responding to this call for participation has passed , you may send them by email to elaine marsh ( marsh @ aic . nrl . navy . mil ) , with copies to ralph grishman ( grishman @ cs . nyu . edu ) and nancy chinchor ( chinchor @ gso . saic . com ) to ensure that your message receives a timely response from one of us . muc - 7 planning committee : ralph grishman , new york university , program co-chair elaine marsh , naval research laboratory , program co-chair chinatsu aone , systems research and applications lois childs , lockheed martin nancy chinchor , science applications international jim cowie , new mexico state university rob gaizauskas , university of sheffield megumi kameyama , sri international tom keenan , u . s . department of defense boyan onyshkevych , u . s . department of defense martha palmer , university of pennsylvania beth sundheim , nccosc nrad marc vilain , mitre ralph weischedel , bbn systems and technologies
 "",0
 1739,""Subject: books : pragmatics
  
  now available : proceedings of the university of herfordshire relevance theory workshop . edited by marjolein groefsema isbn 0-952 - 9901 - 0 - 5 this volume contains fifteen of the papers that were presented at the university of hertfordshire rt workshop , which was held in hatfield peverel from 27-29 october 1995 . the aim of the workshop was to bring together researchers working within the framework of relevance theory to dicuss their research and exchange ideas . the papers presented in this volume reflect the wide range of topics that are currently being studied from a relevance theoretical perspective , while some of the papers critically assess aspects of relevance theory . table of contents : a pragmaticization process affecting norwegian negatives with scalar expressions . thorstein fretheim relevance , referring expression , and the givenness hierarchy . jeanette gundel and ann mulkern relevance and the peircean conception of truth . william downes the awsome efficiency of what is false . gloria origgi and adriano palma conceptual and procedural encoding : criteria for the identification of linguistically encoded procedural information . steve nicolle concepts and word meaning . marjolein groefsema relevance and the manipulation of the incongruous : some explorations on verbal humour . carmen curco relevance theory and augmentative and alternative communication . john clibbens ellipsis and inference kaja borthen , thorstein fretheim and randi alice nilsen representation and relevance in human reasoning . simon handley and edward buck the relevance of face calibration koenraad kuiper relevance theory and extraposed relative clauses . yael ziv the relevance of relevance theory to syntactic phenomena : relevance theory and the extraction from relative clauses . tali rubovitz issues in developmental """" theory of mind """" research from the point of view of relevance theory . szabolcs kiss """" if you would like to burn your mouth feel free """" : a relevance - theoretic account of conditionals used to children . susan foster - cohen and erika konrad price including p & p : uk 10 . 00 pounds sterling europe 11 . 00 pounds sterling rest of the world 13 . 00 pounds sterling to order : please send a cheque , made out to peter thomas , or an international money order to the address below . unfortunately , there are no facilities to handle credit cards . peter thomas and associates ' the sticks ' , cardfields lane hatfield peverel , chelmsford cm3 2nr uk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dr marjolein groefsema dept . of linguistics email : m . groefsema @ herts . ac . uk university of hertfordshire tel . + 1707 285699 ( direct line ) watford campus aldenham herts . wd2 8at uk
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 1740,""Subject: 13th scandinavian conference of linguists
  
  just out proceedings of the thirteenth scandinavian conference of linguistcs lars heltoft and hartmut haberland , eds . university of roskilde , department of languages and culture isbn 87-90132 - 12 - 2 495 pages , 1996 this volume contains 40 papers presented at the 13th scandinavian conference of linguistcs ( roskilde , denmark , january 1992 ) , including 6 papers from the neurolinguistics workshop held in connection with the conference . ( most papers are in english , one in german and a few in danish or swedish . ) for ordering , write to lars heltoft , 13th scandinavian conference of linguistics , department of languages and culture , university of roskilde , pob 260 , dk-4000 roskilde , denmark , fax + 45 46754410 . for a table of contents and pricing information ( including methods of payment ) please consult http : / / babel . ruc . dk / ~ rolig / 13scan . html
 "",0
 1741,""Subject: book announcement : classics reissued
  
  indiana university linguistics club publications : two classics reissued phonology wilbur , ronnie . the phonology of reduplication . since the appearance of this work in 1973 , it has had continual theoretical significance . wilbur documents cases of under - and over-application of rules to reduplicative forms and the problems they present for rule ordering . she foreshadows current work in optimality theory by rejecting rule ordering and developing a notion akin to reduplicative base - reduplicant identity . this work played an important role in the rule ordering debates of the 1970s , in the development of reduplication theory within prosodic morphology during the 1980s , and currently provides insights to the emerging correspondence theory . copies are * limited * . special reissue price : $ 6 . 50 humor tiersma , peter m . language-based humor in the marx brothers films tiersma 's popular essay is an excellent introduction to linguistic analysis of humor . using lexical semantics and pragmatics , he gives a sound , yet lively , analysis of specific examples . great resource for introductory linguistics courses , and a good read . price : $ 4 . 00 iulc publications , 720 e . atwater ave . , bloomington , in 47401 . prepaid orders by u . s . check or money order . postage & handling for one or both : add $ 3 . 50 ( us orders ) , $ 5 . 00 ( can ) , $ 5 . 50 ( other ) . < iulc @ indiana . edu > http : / / ezinfo . ucs . indiana . edu / ~ iulc /
 "",0
 1742,""Subject: avail for review
  
  the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . pronunciation of music names fradkin , robert a . 1996 . the well tempered announcer : a pronunciation guide to classical music . indiana university press . bloomington . radio announcers have very few resources for learning to pronounce foreign words and anmes associated with classical music . in this innovateive guide , fradkin provides the pronunciation of over 2000 names , titles and musical terms . fradkin explains the principles of pronunciation of about 2 dozen languages and provides clues for identifying the language fo a strange word and making an educated guess at its pronunciation .
 "",0
 1743,""Subject: new information about the int . congress on terminology - basque country
  
  dear subscribers , we had to make some changes in the program and we were asked to extend the data limite for the papers . so you are still on time until the 23th of this month to send a one-page long abstract ! thanks again . programme november 12 , wednesday 09 : 00 welcome and registration 09 : 45 inauguration 10 : 15 jean - claude corbeil ( qu = e9bec ) current scene of terminology 11 : 30 break 12 : 00 christian galinski ( termnet - infoterm ) europe 's international infrastructure of terminology 15 : 30 ibon sarasola ( euskaltzaindia / academy of the basque language ) basque lexicography and terminology 16 : 45 papers november 13 , thursday 09 : 00 luis gonzalez & polux hern = fa = f1ez ( european commission ) terminology , assistant to the translation in the european commission 10 : 15 mertxe olaizola ( haee / ivap , official service of translation ) administration terminology 11 : 30 break 12 : 00 klaus - dirk schmitz ( termnet ) terminology interchange using martif 15 : 30 miel loinaz ( uzei , basque center for terminology and lexicography ) terminology data-banks . design and management of euskalterm 16 : 45 papers november 14 , friday 09 : 00 pierrette vachon - l ' heureux ( office de la langue francaise , quebec ) terminology , neology and officialization 10 : 15 johan myking ( norway ) standardization and language planning of terminology : the norvegian experience 11 : 30 break 12 : 00 miren azkarate ( ehu / upv , university of the basque country ) present situation of basque terminology 13 : 15 round - table : minority languages and terminology 14 : 30 closing languages of the congress the working languages are basque , spanish , french and english exhibition during the three days of the congress the newest computer applications for terminology will be on show . those interested on showing any product or tool , please send your request as soon as possible . calendar 23 - 06 - 97 last day to receive the papers ' abstracts 23 - 07 - 97 last day to answer to the autors 31 - 07 - 1997 last day to register with the reduced fee 10 - 09 - 1997 last day to receive the accepted papers 31 - 10 - 1997 last day of registration uzei aldapeta 20 , 20009 donostia tel : 943-473377 fax : 943-457944 e-mail : euskalterm @ sarenet . es
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 1744,""Subject: call for papers : dgfs meeting 1998
  
  call for papers as part of the annual meeting of the german linguistic society ( deutsche gesellschaft fuer sprachwissenschaft ) , to be held in halle ( saale ) , germany , march 4 / 6 1988 , there will be a workshop ( arbeitsgruppe ) on the following topic : the linguistic analysis of intercultural communication in the last thirty years research on intercultural communication has attracted increasing scientific attention not only as a result of social developments but also due to the growing interdisciplinary cooperation between different disciplines such as cultural anthropology , ethnology , sociology , and linguistics ( c . f . ehlich 1996 ) . a central topic of the linguistic analysis of intercultural communication is determined by the experience that the use of a common language system does not guarantee mutual understanding . therefore , the theoretical conception of intercultural communication ( either in everyday or in institutional situations ) is characterized by misunderstandings ( gumperz ) . analyses of the mediation of intercultural competences show that both contrastive and interactive investigations into intercultural communication are important in order to answer the questions on the contextualizations of speech actions and on their universal or culture specific characteristics . only recently , has the innovative potential of intercultural communication started to attract particular attention ( c . f . koole & ten thije 1994 ) . it has become clear that research into intercultural communication should take an interdisciplinary perspective and requires reflection on traditional linguistic categories of linguistic description in order to see which new discursive forms are facilitated by intercultural communication . the specific question to be adressed in this workshop is whether the linguistic involvement in intercultural research has resulted in the extension and enhancement of new linguistic categories and research methods . reflexion on this issue should focus on topics like procedures of assertaining understanding ( verstdndnissicherung ) ( c . f . metacommunication ) , pragmatic universals ( c . f . politeness ) , contrastive analyses of speech actions and texts , linguistic forms of perspectivity or culture comparison . references ehlich , k . ( 1996 ) interkulturelle kommunikation . in : h . goebl et alii ( eds . ) kontaktlinguistik . ein internationales handbuch zeitgenvssischer forschung . berlin / new york : de gruyter , 920 / 931 . koole , t . & j . d . ten thije ( 1994 ) the construction of intercultural discourse . amsterdam : rodopi . papers relevant to this topic are invited . papers should take 40 minutes , to be followed by 20 minutes of discussion . a one-page abstract should be sent ( preferably by e-mail to the organizer ( adress below ) by september 1 , 1997 . - - dr . kristin buehrig germanisches seminar der universitdt hamburg jan d . ten thije , professur interkulturelle kommunikation technische universitaet chemnitz , 09107 chemnitz tel . : . . 49 . 371 . 531 . 2966 ; sekr . : . . . 4533 ; fax : . . . 2933 e-mail : jan . tenthije @ phil . tu-chemnitz . de http : / / www . tu-chemnitz . de / phil / ikk
 "",0
 1745,""Subject: amlap - 97 call for abstracts
  
  * * * please post * * * please post * * * please post * * * please post * * * amlap - 97 conference """" architectures and mechanisms for language processing """" http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ amlap / final call for paper / poster abstracts call for participation 11-13 september 1997 apex hotel edinburgh , scotland * * * * * invited speakers * * * * * kay bock ( university of illinois ) - - - - - paul smolensky ( johns hopkins university ) - - - - - lorraine k . tyler ( birkbeck college ) * * * * * sponsors * * * * * human communication research centre universities of edinburgh and glasgow centre for cognitive science university of edinburgh we are calling for submissions for the 3rd conference on architectures and mechanisms for language processing ( amlap - 97 ) , which will be held in edinburgh , from thursday , september 11 until saturday , september 13 , 1997 . the aim of this conference is to bring psychological , computational and theoretical perspectives concerning the cognitive architectures and mechanisms which underly any aspect of human language processing . submissions which integrate experimental findings , formal and computational models of psychological processes are especially encouraged . deadline for submissions is 20 june 1997 . e - mail submissions ( in plain text ) are greatly preferred . please send a 400 word abstract to amlap @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk , or if necessary , by post to matt crocker , amlap , centre for cognitive science , university of edinburgh , 2 buccleuch place , edinburgh , eh8 9lw , or by fax to + 44 131 650 4587 . summaries of data and references can be additional to the main abstract . please indicate if you would rather give a 30 minute talk or a poster presentation , or either . abstracts will be considered by the programme committee : gerry altmann , martin corley , barbara hemforth , gerard kempen , paola merlo , wayne murray , suzanne stevenson , patrick sturt and the conference chairs . notification of acceptance will be sent by 18 july . it is our intention that selected contributions will be published either in the special issue of a journal or as an edited book . conference chairs : matt crocker ( hcrc , edinburgh ) martin pickering ( hcrc , glasgow ) for further details , see : http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ amlap / * * * registration & accommodation * * * registration the conference will be held at the apex hotel in the heart of edinburgh 's old town . registrations fees are shown below and include attendance of the conference , lunch on the 12th and 13th , all coffee breaks , and a copy of all abstracts being presented . | by 15 aug | after 15 aug - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - regular : | 65 . 00 | 80 . 00 student : | 35 . 00 | 50 . 00 to register , please send your payment ( as outlined below ) , and a cover letter stating that you wish to register for the amlap - 97 conference , and include your full name , affiliation , address , phone , fax , and e-mail . students must also include proof of student status . this should be sent to : amlap - 97 human communication research centre 2 buccleuch place edinburgh , eh8 9lw united kingdom payment : 1 . cheques should be drawn on a british bank in pounds sterling , and made payable to """" the university of edinburgh """" . 2 . direct transfers should be sent to : edinburgh university account - 00919680 bank of scotland 32a chambers street edinburgh sort code 80-02 - 24 transfers must mention amlap a / c 265000 g40183 3 we are able to accept payment from a variety of credit cards ( visa , mastercard , switch , and delta ) . payments made by credit card will incur an additional charge of 2 % of the total amount due . if you wish to pay by credit card please complete the following form , and send it to us by post ( we need a real signature ) : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - name : address to which the card is registered : card type : ( visa , mc , switch , delta ) : card number : valid from : expiry date : amount due : administration charge ( 2 % ) : total amount to be charged to card : signature : date : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - accommodation 1 accommodation is available at the apex hotel , the conference venue . this is one of edinburgh 's top hotels , and we have arranged a special conference rate of # 55 single / per night , # 60 double / per night , b&b . to book a room contact the hotel directly , and mention the amlap conference : the apex hotel 31-35 grassmarket edinburgh , eh1 2hs scotland phone : + 44 131 300 3456 fax : + 44 131 220 5345 2 finally , there are numerous b&bs in edinburgh , for those seeking less expensive accommodation . please check the web page first for details if possible . a further call for participation and announcement of the programme will appear in a subsequent announcement . also keep an eye on our web page at the url given below , it should be up and running soon . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ amlap / email : amlap @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk
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 1746,""Subject: new book : clinical phonetics
  
  we would like to bring to your attention this new book from john benjamins publishing in the field of clinical phonetics advances in clinical phonetics martin j . ball & martin duckworth ( eds . ) 1996 xiv , 258 pp . studies in speech processing and clincal linguistics , 6 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 393 9 price : us $ 69 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 4337 9 price : hfl . 125 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com advances in clinical phonetics focuses on important developments in phonetic description . recent years have seen increasing developments in phonetic description , in both instrumental and impressionistic approaches . not restricted to the phonetics of normal speech , clinical phoneticians and speech scientists working with disordered speech , have been at the forefront of recent work . some instrumental developments ( such as electropalatography ) , and some transcription developments ( such as extipa symbols ) , have been spearheaded by clinical phoneticians . the present collection describes and explores these developments . part one consists of major accounts of advances in clinical phonetics , while the second part shows the workings of these advances in six specific case studies for further information please e-mail bernadette keck : service @ benjamins . com
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 1747,""Subject: new uci dissertation in linguistics
  
  irvine linguistics students association is pleased to announce the publication of the following uci dissertation in linguistics . overt movement as a reflex of morphology hajime ikawa under the framework of the minimalist program , this thesis answers fundamental questions with overt movement such as ( i ) what forces its application , and ( ii ) what is responsible for its presence / absence in languages . chapter 1 raises the above-mentioned fundamental questions with overt movement . it is shown that the current minimalist framework , as it is , does not explain any of them in a principled way . chapter 2 introduces two major operations assumed by the minimalist program , merge and move . chapter 3 first undertakes to identify the cause of overt movement in a way consistent with the basic minimalist assumption that any application of overt movement , as a departure from the best case , should be forced from the outside of the core computational system . it is claimed that overt movement is directly driven by the module morphology , which applies right after spell - out ; overt movement , whether head-movement or xp - movement , is forced to apply to morphologically support the suffixal functional heads . this claim automatically leads to derive the absence of overt movement in consistently head-final languages like japanese from their word order . the proposed analysis not only provides principled answers for the fundamental questions with overt movement , but eliminates one of the most problematic aspects of the minimalist program , the strong / weak distinction among functional heads . chapter 4 discusses various implications and consequences of the proposed analysis for overt movement , phrase structure , the computational system , and typological variations . chapter 5 discusses overt np - raising as overt movement indirectly driven by the morphological properties of agr . it is claimed that a subject in nominative-accusative languages overtly raises not to directly support agr , but to provide f-features for agr so that it can be successfully suffixed to a verb as the overt realization of the f-features of an np . from this , asymmetries between overt np - raising and other overt movements directly driven by morphology naturally follow . also available : > uci dissertations in linguistics griffith , teresa a . 1996 projecting transitivity and agreement takano , yuji 1996 movement and parametric variation in syntax zoerner , cyril edward 1995 coordination : the syntax of &p us $ 14 each , plus shipping and handling > uci working papers in linguistics , volume 3 ( 1997 ) . edited by luther > chen - sheng liu and kazue takeda articles appearing in the third volume are : brian agbayani : category raising , adjunction , and minimality lisa lai - shen cheng : """" partial """" wh - movement naoki fukui : attract and the a - over - a principle toru ishii : the """" crossing """" constraint and the minimal link condition luther chen - sheng liu : light verb and accusative - ing gerund in taiwanese yuji takano : object shift as short scrambling kazue takeda : a note on locality of category movement and feature movement sze - wing tang : the parametric approach to the resultative construction in chinese and english miyoko yashui : identification of ellipses and other empty categories us $ 14 , plus shipping and handling > uci working papers in linguistics , volume 2 : proceedings of the south > western optimality theory workshop ( swot ii ) . edited by brian agbayani > and naomi harada us $ 12 , plus shipping and handling > uci working papers in linguistics , volume 1 . edited by brian agbayani , > kazue takeda and sze - wing tang us $ 12 , plus shipping and handling shipping and handling ( per item ) domestic : $ 5 ; canada : $ 6 ; mexico : $ 7 ( airmail ) , $ 5 ( surface ) ; elsewhere : $ 12 ( airmail ) , $ 7 ( surface ) * international shipping and handling rates are subject to the numbers of items ordered and location . please contact < ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu > in ordering more than one item from abroad . prepayment required . please make checks or money orders payable to ' ilsa-asuci ' . we cannot accept credit card payment . payment must be in us funds , drawn on a us bank . please allow 4 - 6 weeks for delivery . send order form and payment to : irvine linguistics students association , school of social sciences , university of california , irvine , irvine , ca 92697 , u . s . a . please address inquires to ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu order form customer information name : street address : city , province / state : country , zip code : telephone number : e - mail : item quantity price per item total uciwpl - 2 $ 12 $ uciwpl - 1 $ 12 $ uciwpl - 3 $ 14 $ griffith $ 14 $ ikawa $ 14 $ takano $ 14 $ zoerner $ 14 $ shipping : $ total : $ for more information about uci working papers in linguistics and uci dissertations in linguistics , please contact < ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu > or see ilsa 's homepage < http : / / www . socsci . uci . edu / ling / ilsa / ilsahp . html > . tables of contents of uciwpl and abstracts of ucidl are available in ilsa 's homepage .
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 1748,""Subject: meeting of atlantic provinces linguistic association
  
  > _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ > > > call for papers > > atlantic provinces linguistic association > > 21st annual meeting > ( 20th anniversary meeting ) > > mount saint vincent university , halifax > november 7 - 8 . 1997 > > > keynote speaker : robert rankin , university of kansas > > 1 . the theme for this year 's conference is """" language diversity > language origins . """" however , papers on all topics in > linguistics are welcome , in english or french . > 2 . papers are 30 minutes in length : 20 minutes for oral > presentation and 10 minutes for discussion . > > 3 . abstracts are due by september 8 , 1997 . they should be > typewritten and single-spaced , and should be no longer than > one page , including bibliographical references . abstracts > will also be accepted through fax or e-mail , provided they > observe the common format ( for email , make sure that margins > are at least 2 . 5 cm ) . abstracts in english should be > addressed to marie - lucie tarpent , department of modern > languages , mount saint vincent university , halifax , n . s . , > b3m 2j6 , tel . ( 902 ) 457-6172 or fax ( 902 ) 445-3960 , email > < marie-lucie . tarpent @ msvu . ca > . for abstracts in french , > contact < michelle . daveluy @ stmarys . ca > . > > * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * > > additional information > > 1 . all presenters must be members in good standing of the > association . to take out or renew a membership , please > contact the treasurer , aleksandra steinbergs , department of > linguistics , memorial university of newfoundland , st . john 's , > newfoundland , canada . a1b 3x9 , tel . ( 709 ) 737-8134 , fax ( 709 ) > 737-4000 , email < asteinbe @ morgan . ucs . mun . ca > . alternately , > membership dues can be paid at the conference . the annual > membership fee is $ 15 ( regular ) or $ 10 ( students ) . > > 2 . there will be a $ 30 registration fee for the conference . > > 3 . the conference will begin in the early afternoon of friday , > november 6 and continue through saturday . there will be a > banquet on saturday evening . > > 4 . the official hotel for the conference will be the wandlynn > inn located on the bedford highway within walking distance of > mount saint vincent university . a fixed number of rooms will > be held for conference participants at a flat rate of $ 54 > ( plus hst tax ) , single or double occupancy . other types of > rooms are also available at the hotel , which is wheelchair > accessible . reservations must be made before october 17 , > 1997 ; tel . 902-443 - 0416 , fax 902-457 - 0665 . > details concerning other accommodation in halifax as well as > full information about the conference will be sent to members > in september . > > for further information please contact > > < michelle . daveluy @ stmarys . ca > > > >
 "",0
 1749,""Subject: specific language impairment
  
  announcing a special issue of language acquisition on specific language impairment ( sli ) in children . guest editor , heather k . j . van der lely the submission of papers for the special issue is requested on any topic related to the lingistic characterization of sli in children , including but not limited to syntax , morphology and phonology , cross-linguistic perspectives , sli and theories of language acquisition . data may be experimental , naturalistic or both . deadline for submissions : september 1 , 1997 papers will be peer reviewed following the usual reviewing policies of language acquisition . please follow the guidelines for submission to language acquisition and send 4 manuscript copies to : dr . heather van der lely department of psychology birkbeck college university of london malet street london , wc1e 7hx , uk
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 1750,""Subject: hypermedia in den geisteswissenschaften
  
  an alle interessentinnen und interessenten von hypermedia - anwendungen und entwicklungen : der arbeitskreis hypermedia der gesellschaft fuer linguistische datenverarbeitung ( gldv ) ( leiterin des aks : dr . angelika storrer , ids mannheim ) wird sein naechstes arbeitstreffen am 20 . juni 1997 am institut fuer kommunikationsforschung und phonetik der universitaet bonn abhalten . der workshop wird unter dem thema geisteswissenschaftliche hypermedia - anwendungen stehen . das programm koennen sie unter http : / / www . ids-mannheim . de / grammis / bonn . html einsehen . interessierte teilnehmerinnen und teilnehmer aus ihrem bereich sind hierzu herzlich eingeladen . ueber zusagen bis freitag , dem 13 . 06 . 1997 , wuerde ich mich sehr freuen . mit freundlichen gruessen , bernhard schroeder institut fuer kommunikationsforschung und phonetik universitaet bonn poppelsdorfer allee 47 d-53115 bonn t . : + 49 228 735621 f . : + 49 228 735639 web - seite des ikp : http : / / www . ikp . uni-bonn . de web - seite der gldv : http : / / www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / gldv web - seite des aks : http : / www . ids-mannheim . de / grammis / ak . html
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 1751,""Subject: 2nd acm international conference on digital libraries
  
  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - acm dl ' 97 * * * * * * * * * * 2nd acm international conference on digital libraries * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * preliminary program doubletree hotel , philadelphia , pa july 23-26 , 1997 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * reminder : early registration closes june 13 ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * acm dl ' 97 will immediately precede sigir ' 97 in philadelphia . the acm dl series is sponsored by acm through sigir and siglink . acm dl ' 97 acm digital libraries is an international conference which is building a community of individuals from diverse fields to study research and development in digital libraries . the collection , access and use of electronic information in a variety of formats requires solutions to problems ranging from the technical to the social , incorporating knowledge and experience from many fields . individuals with an interest in library and information science , digital information technology , education , information policy and economics , information seeking behavior and other fields contributing to digital library development are invited to attend . conference highlights include : wednesday * tutorials * opening reception thursday * keynote address by jim reimer , ibm senior technical staff member * technical sessions * panel on museum and gallery applications of digital libraries * d - lib panel on interoperability * banquet cruise friday * plenary address by pamela samuelson , u . of california berkeley * technical sessions * d - lib panel on interoperability * poster and demonstration showcase and reception saturday * technical sessions * workshops sunday * tour to brandywine valley steering committee edward fox ( chair ) , virginia tech robert b . allen , bellcore william arms , cnri nicholas belkin , rutgers university richard furuta , texas a&m university gary marchionini , university of maryland edie rasmussen , university of pittsburgh conference information is available from the dl ' 97 website or via email : http : / / www . sis . pitt . edu / ~ diglib97 / or diglib97 @ sis . pitt . edu * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",0
 1752,""Subject: new books : phonology
  
  wang jialing and norval smith ( editors ) studies in chinese phonology 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . 295 pages . cloth dm 168 , - / approx . us $ 120 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 013953 - 7 linguistic models 20 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this volume contains papers covering various aspects of segmental structure as well as tone sandhi and neutral tone in the tonological area . all analyses are based on recent phonological theories such as autosegmental theory , lexical phonology , feature geometry , underspecification theory and prosodic phonology . the introduction provides background knowledge of synchronic and diachronic aspects of chinese phonology . the contributions present analyses of dialects including the four major dialect families in chinese : mandarin ( beijing , tianjin ) , yue ( cantonese ) , min ( fuzhou ) and wu ( shanghai , chongming ) . besides being essential to scholars and students of chinese phonology , this book will also be found useful by phonologists and linguists in general as well as sinologists in other fields . contents wang jialing and norval smith , introduction * matthew y . chen and hongming zhang , lexical and postlexical tone sandhi in chongming * stuart milliken , zhang guang - ping , zhang xue - yi , li zhi - qui and lu ying , resolving the paradox of tianjin tone sandhi * chilin shih , mandarin third tone sandhi and prosodic structure * jin shunde , toward a systematic account of shanghai tonal phonology * wang jialing , the representation of the neutral tone in chinese putonghua * edwin g . pulleyblank , the cantonese vowel system in historical perspective * richard wiese , underspecification and the description of chinese vowels * moira yip , consonant - vowel interaction in cantonese * marjorie k . m . chan , fuzhou glottal stop : floating segment or correlation of close contact ? * list of authors and editors robert s . bauer and paul k . benedict modern cantonese phonology 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xlviii , 559 pages . cloth dm 158 , - / approx . us $ 113 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 014893 - 5 trends in linguistics . studies and monographs 102 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york the economic boom of southeast china has given both the region and its language an unprecedented importance . but although cantonese has become an increasingly important language on the world stage , this development has not spurred any major publications on cantonese phonology . this volume presents an analysis of modern cantonese . it describes the consonants , vowels , and tones of the contemporary language and examines the structure of the cantonese syllable and the types of changes that can occur when syllables are strung together in words and phrases . the descriptive phonology is not based on any particular linguistic theory . written in a clear and concise language , this comprehensive account of cantonese phonology is appropriate for the beginning student of cantonese , the cantonese native-speaker , the teacher of english to cantonese - speaking students , the professional linguist , and the layman curious about one of southeast asia 's major languages . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : 100064 . 2307 @ compuserve . com publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
 "",0
 1753,""Subject: new book : hittite etymological dictionary
  
  jaan puhvel hittite etymological dictionary volume 4 : words beginning with k 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . x , 333 pages cloth dm 248 , - / approx . us $ 177 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 015491 - 9 trends in linguistics : documentation mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this is the fourth volume in the comprehensive compendium of the vocabulary of hittite , one of the great languages of the ancient near east and of paramount importance for comparative indo - european studies . this basic research tool is based on cuneiform texts from the second millenium b . c . e . , and covers both attestations and origins of words with special emphasis on cognates in other indo - european and near eastern languages . five further volumes are in preparation and will be published as they are finished . the author has tried to eschew excessive rote uniformity of layout and style in etymological discussion , in order to make as many entries as possible self-contained micro-essays of a format best suited to the item at hand . when no etymology is rated certain , the discussion often proceeds from the less likely possibilities and ends up with the most probable . when a preferred etymology is featured as virtually certain , it is usually stated and discussed first , and discarded alternatives , to the extent that they are deemed historically interesting , are mentioned in a coda . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : 100064 . 2307 @ compuserve . com publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
 "",0
 1754,""Subject: new book : language planning
  
  michael clyne ( editor ) undoing and redoing corpus planning 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . viii , 520 pages cloth dm 198 , - / approx . us $ 141 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 015509 - 5 contributions to the sociology of language 78 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this book is a collection of sixteen original articles on language planning in the wake of sociopolitical change . each chapter covers a different language which underwent changes due to deliberate planning which has recently been rescinded or replaced by further planning for sociopolitical reasons ( e . g . , the collapse of the soviet bloc , the unification of germany and of vietnam , the abolition of apartheid ) . a theoretical epilogue draws together the findings into a general model . the volume contributes to the study of language and society and language change . contents michael clyne , introduction * alexander krouglov , ukrainian - reconstituting a language * miklos kontra , ` stubborn as a mule calls for dialectical presentation ' : on undoing and redoing corpus planning in hungary * john m . lipski , linguistic consequences of the sandinista revolution and its aftermath in nicaragua * s . m . lee - wong , undoing some effects of the cultural revolution - chinese address forms * michael clyne , the reconvergence of german after reunification and its limits * nguyen xuan thu , the reconvergence of vietnamese * radoslav katicic , undoing a ` unified language ' : bosnian , serbian , croatian * marcu gabinschi , reconvergence of moldavian towards romanian * ernst hakon jahr , the fate of samnorsk : a social dialect experiment in language planning * kas deprez , diets , nederlands , nederduits , hollands , vlaams , belgisch - nederlands * andrew gonzalez , from pilipino to filipino _ 1 to filipino _ 2 : unmaking and remaking a national language * rakhmiel peltz , the undoing of language planning from the vantage of cultural history : two twentieth century yiddish examples * hendrik boeschoten , the turkish language reform forced into stagnation * ran hacohen , influence of the middle east peace process on the hebrew language * hassan r . s . abd - el - jawad and fawwaz al - abed al - haq , the impact of the peace process in the middle east on arabic * d . j . van schalkwyk , eradicating racism in language - afrikaans * michael clyne , epilogue * list of contributors * index of names * index of subjects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : 100064 . 2307 @ compuserve . com publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
 "",0
 1755,""Subject: new book : morphology
  
  wolfgang u . dressler , martin prinzhorn and john r . rennison ( editors ) advances in morphology 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . v , 207 pages . cloth dm 168 , - / approx . us $ 120 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 014863 - 6 trends in linguistics . studies and monographs 97 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this volume presents a selection of papers given at the fifth international morphology meeting in krems , austria , in 1992 which covered such different areas of morphological research as morphosyntax , morphopragmatics , morpho ( pho ) nology , computational morphology , diachronic morphology , and psycho - and patholinguistic aspects of morphology . on the empirical side , non - indoeuropean languages were prominently represented . contents wolfgang u . dressler , martin prinzhorn and john r . rennison , introduction * hagit borer , the morphology-syntax interface : a study of autonomy * andrew spencer , inflectional morphology and functional heads * aaron halpern , cluster morphology * wiecher zwanenburg , dutch prefixes and prepositions in complex verbs * anna - maria di sciullo , selection and derivational affixes * georgette dal and martin temple , morphologie derivationelle et analyse semantique des mots construits : les voies de la reference ne sont pas impenetrables * kersti borjars , one ( more ) reason why we need morphology * igor mel ' cuk , grammatical cases , basic verbal construction , and voice in maasai : towards a better analysis of the concepts * maria - rosa lloret and joaquim viaplana , on the morphological category of gender in catalan and in spanish * harald baayen , markedness and productivity * nigel vincent , exaptation and abduction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : 100064 . 2307 @ compuserve . com publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
 "",0
 1756,""Subject: new book : language change / functional linguistics
  
  raymond hickey and stanislaw puppel ( editors ) language history and linguistic modelling a festschrift for jacek fisiak on his 60th birthday 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . vol . 1 : xxxviii , 1137 pages . vol . 2 : xvi , 983 pages cloth 2 vols . dm 698 , - / approx . us \ $ 499 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 014504 - 9 trends in linguistics . studies and monographs 101 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this volume presents a collection of some 130 contributions covering a wide range of topics of interest to historical , theoretical and applied linguists alike . a major theme is the development of english which is examined on several levels in the light of recent linguistic theory in various papers . the geographical dimension is also treated extensively , with papers on controversial aspects of variety studies , as are topical linguistic matters from a more general perspective . organization of the two volumes * preface * curriculum vitae * list of publications * i . language history * the history of english * phonetics / phonology * morphology * syntax * lexis * varieties , past and present * general * historical linguistics * language groups and families * the history of linguistics * change * semantics * pragmatics * discourse analysis * ii . linguistic modelling * general * phonetics / phonology * morphology * syntax * text linguistics , translation and stylistics * varia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : 100064 . 2307 @ compuserve . com publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
 "",0
 1757,""Subject: new book : semantics
  
  new course book peter harder functional semantics a theory of meaning , structure and tense in english 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xv , 586 pages . paperback dm 58 , - / approx . us $ 41 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 015721 - 7 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york what is the role of meaning in relation to linguistic structure ? this book tells the story of meaning from plato to the present , and shows why the accepted current picture of linguistic meaning is wrong as well as confusing . the book argues that the essential job of syntax is to combine simpler meanings into more complex meanings ; that ` semantic ' meaning is essentially interactive ; that the evolution of syntax is bound up with the development of purely conceptual meaning - and that this is reflected in universal regularities of clause structure . the core of linguistic structure is constituted by functional-interactive meanings in syntactic collaboration , and tense in english is used to illustrate this claim . examination copies for course adoption are available upon request . please contact the publisher . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : 100064 . 2307 @ compuserve . com publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
 "",0
 1758,""Subject: new book : phonetics / speech production
  
  shigeru kiritani , hajime hirose and hiroya fujisaki ( editors ) speech production and language in honor of osamu fujimura 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . x , 302 pages . cloth dm 188 , - / approx . us $ 134 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 015277 - 0 speech research 13 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york osamu fujimura is renowned for his interest and competence in a wide variety of subjects ranging from physics , physiology and phonetics to linguistics and artificial intelligence . through a fusion of these disciplines he has shown us new ways of looking into human speech and language which relate the physical and physiological processes in phonetics to abstract , higher-level linguistic structure . reflecting osama fujimura 's long-standing interests , the chapters in this volume provide a wide perspective on the various aspects of speech production ( physical , physiological , syntactic , and information theoretic ) and their relationship to the structure of speech and language . contents 1 background * manfred r . schroeder , speech : a physicist remembers * 2 larygeal functions in speech * minoru hirano , kiminori sato and keiichiro yukizane , male - female differences in anterior commissure angle o christy l . ludlow , susan e . sedory holzer and mihoko fujita , correlations among intrinsic laryngeal muscles during speech gestures * ingo r . titze , regulation of fundamental frequency with a physiologically - based model of the larynx * shigeru kiritani and seiji niimi , high - speed digital image analysis of temporal changes in vocal fold vibration in tremor * masayuki sawashima , phonetic control of the glottal opening * 3 voice source characteristics in speech * gunnar fant , frequency domain analysis of glottal flow : the lf - model revisited * janet pierrehumbert , consequences of intonation for the voice source o noriko umeda , fundamental frequency rule for english discourse * hajime hirose , physiological and acoustical correlates of voicing distinction in esophageal speech o 4 articulatory organization o morris halle and kenneth n . stevens , the postalveolar fricatives of polish * thomas h . crystal and arthur s . house , a note on the durations of american english consonants o shinji maeda and kiyoshi honda , articulatory coordination and its neurobiological aspects * joseph s . perkell and marc h . cohen , token - to-token variation of tongue-body vowel targets : the effect of context o ilse lehiste , the phonetic realization of the haiku form in estonian poetry , compared to japanese * m . mohan sondhi , synthesis and coding of speech using physiological models o 5 verbal behavior : sound structure , information structure * john j . ohala , comparison of speech sounds : distance vs . cost metrics * james d . mccawley , a note on japanese passives * hiroya fujisaki , sentence production and information * index _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : 100064 . 2307 @ compuserve . com publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
 "",0
 1759,""Subject: new book : syntax
  
  susanne winkler focus and secondary predication 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . x , 481 pages . cloth dm 198 , - / approx . us $ 141 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 015057 - 3 studies in generative grammar 43 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this monograph presents the results of a syntactic and focus - theoretical investigation of secondary predication constructions . the syntactic analysis is couched in the principles and parameters theory . the focus analysis addresses the question of the prosodic realization of secondary predication constructions as well as their focus projection capacities and compares them not only to each other , but also to focus projection regularities in primary predications . this multilayered account shows that although the various types of secondary predication constructions have many aspects in common , they differ with respect to their distributional , binding-theoretic , and focus structure properties . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : 100064 . 2307 @ compuserve . com publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
 "",0
 1760,""Subject: new book : english linguistics
  
  johan elsness the perfect and the preterite in contemporary and earlier english 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xvii , 432 pages cloth dm 248 , - / approx . \ us \ $ 177 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 014686 - x topics in english linguistics 21 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york in this study the author discusses various theories that have been put forward to account for the choice between the present perfect and the preterite in expressions of past time in english . the distribution between the two verb forms is examined in a varied corpus consisting of more than 13 , 000 recorded verb forms , a little more than half of them from present-day english ( british and american , spoken and written ) , the rest from earlier english all the way back to old english . the analysis of the contemporary corpus is supplemented by elicitation tests carried out with british and american informants . it is argued that in the present-day language the alternation between the two verb forms is determined above all by the presence or absence of temporal adverbials and other contextual factors , considerations to do with current relevance playing only a subsidiary part . while many other writers have assumed that the rapid advance of the present perfect that took place in earlier english has continued up to the present day , investigation of the historical corpus shows that this advance has been arrested within the modern english period , to the extent that the present perfect now seems to be losing ground to the preterite , especially in american english . an explanation is offered of why the development in english is so radically different from that observable in french , german and many other languages . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : 100064 . 2307 @ compuserve . com publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
 "",0
 1761,""Subject: workshop on language and space
  
  alan c . harris , ph . d . telnos : main off : 818-677 - 2853 professor , communication / linguistics direct off : 818-677 - 2874 speech communication department california state university , northridge home : 818-366 - 3165 spch csun fax : 818-677 - 2663 northridge , ca 91330-8257 internet email : alan . harris @ csun . edu www homepage : http : / / www . csun . edu / ~ vcspc005 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = a two-day workshop on july 27-28 , 1997 fourteenth national conference on artificial intelligence aaai-97 providence , rhode island further information contact : patrick olivier ( plo @ aber . ac . uk ) workshop url : http : / / www . aber . ac . uk / ~ plo / aaai-97 / organizing committee kenny coventry ( university of plymouth ) wolfgang maass ( universitdt des saarlandes ) amitabha mukerjee ( indian institute of technology ) patrick olivier ( university of wales , aberystwyth ) michael schober ( new school ) rohini srihari ( cedar , buffalo ) barbara tversky ( stanford university ) laure vieu ( irit , toulouse )
 "",0
 1762,""Subject: table ronde sur la langue et la litterature yiddish
  
  la jeune equipe syntaxe anglaise et syntaxe comparative et le centre d ' etudes sur les juifs dans les pays anglophones , universite de paris x - nanterre , vous invitent a une table ronde le 12 et 13 juin 1997 , a nanterre , salle des colloques ( c24 ) . la langue et la litterature yiddish - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - programme jeudi 12 juin ( programme majoritairement en francais ) 09 : 30 itzhok niborski ( inalco ) l ' histoire du yiddish dans le cadre de l ' evolution des langues juives : la vision de max weinreich 10 : 30 jerrold m . sadock ( u . of chicago , etats - unis ) possenjidisch : a new source of data concerning the history of yiddish 11 : 30 astrid stark ( u . de haute alsace ) les legendes autour de rabbi juda le pieux et le baal - shem tov 12 : 30 - 14 : 30 dejeuner 14 : 30 delphine bechtel ( u . paris iii ) la guerre des langues entre l ' hebreu et le yiddish 15 : 30 rachel ertel ( u . paris vii ) les avant-gardes yiddish 1905 - 1930 17 : 00 poisie et chants juifs : amphi b2 lisa levy , soprano , dominique parrain , pianiste 18 : 00 reception : bat . l - salle reverdy vendredi 13 juin ( programme en anglais ) 10 : 00 ellen prince ( u . of pennsylvania , etats - unis ) a comparison of yiddish ovs and english osv in discourse 11 : 00 jean - wouter zwart ( u . of groningen , pays - bas ) another look at the syntax of verbs in yiddish 12 : 00 - 14 : 00 dejeuner 14 : 00 gerhardt postma ( u . of leiden , pays - bas ) the nature of the complementizer az in yiddish 15 : 00 hans den besten ( u . d ' amsterdam , pays - bas ) yiddish word order : left and right - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nanterre est sur la ligne a du rer , arret nanterre-universite - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - contact : jacqueline gueron , gueron @ ext . jussieu . fr 200 , avenue de la republique - 92001 nanterre cedex
 "",0
 1763,""Subject: new books : sociolinguistics
  
  john benjamins publishing would like to call to your attention the following newly published books in the field of sociolinguistics : towards a social science of language . papers in honor of william labov . volume 1 : variation and change in language and society . gregory guy , crawford feagin , john baugh & deborah schiffrin ( eds . ) 1996 xviii , 436 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 127 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 581 8 price : $ 89 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3630 5 price : hfl . 160 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this is a the first of a two-volume collection of original research papers designed to reflect the breadth and depth of the impact that william labov has had on linguistic science . four areas of ' labovian ' linguistics are addressed : first is the study of variation and change ; the papers in sections i and il of the first volume take this as their central theme , with a focus on either the social context and uses of language ( i ) or on the the internal linguistic dynamics of variation and change ( ii ) . the study of african american english , and other language varieties in the americas spoken by people of african descent and influenced by their linguistic heritage , is the subject of the papers in section iii of the first volume . the third theme is the study of discourse ; the papers in section i of the second volume develop themes in labovian linguistics that go back to labov 's work on narrative , descriptive , and therapeutic discourse . fourth is the emphasis on language use , the search for discursive , interactive , and meaningful determinants of the complexity in human communication . papers with these themes appear in section ii of the second volume . towards a social science of language volume 2 : social interaction and discourse structures gregory guy , crawford feagin , deborah schiffrin , john baugh ( eds . ) 1997 xv , 295 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 128 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 582 6 price : us $ 75 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3631 3 price : hfl . 130 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this is a two-volume collection of original research papers designed to reflect the breadth and depth of the impact that william labov has had on linguistic science . four areas of ' labovian ' linguistics are addressed : first is the study of variation and change ; the papers in sections i and ii of the first volume take this as their central theme , with a focus on either the social context and uses of language ( i ) or on the the internal linguistic dynamics of variation and change ( ii ) . the study of african american english , and other language varieties in the americas spoken by people of african descent and influenced by their linguistic heritage , is the subject of the papers in section iii of the first volume . the third theme is the study of discourse ; the papers in section i of the second volume develop themes in labovian linguistics that go back to labov 's work on narrative , descriptive , and therapeutic discourse . fourth is the emphasis on language use , the search for discursive , interactive , and meaningful determinants of the complexity in human communication . papers with these themes appear in section ii of the second volume . contributors volume 2 : charlotte linde ; emanuel a . schegloff ; deborah schiffrin ; anne bower ; marjorie harness goodwin ; barbara m . horvath ; roger w . shuy ; e . judith weiner ; sylvie dubois & david sankoff ; john gumperz ; maria luiza braga & marco antonio de oliveira ; ellen f . prince ; john myhill ; sally boyd ; shana poplack ; benji wald . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - anthony p . schiavo jr tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : tony @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site at http : / / www . benjamins . com
 "",0
 1764,""Subject: early registration deadline - cimql
  
  workshop in computationally-intensive methods in quantitative linguistics humanities advanced technology and information institute department of statistics university of glasgow , uk 11 , 12 september 1997 early registration please note that the early registration deadline has been extended until 30 june for this workshop . payments received after this date will be subject to a gbp50 increase in the registration fee . to register , complete the form at http : / / www . stats . gla . ac . uk / ~ cimql / regform . html , or download and complete the text version ( regform . txt ) . details of the workshop follow : in recent years techniques from disciplines such as computer science , articficial intelligence and statistics have found their way into the pages of journals such as the journal of quantitative linguistics , literary and linguistic computing and computers and the humanities . while this influx may bring more advanced methods of analysis to the fields of quantitative linguistics , stylometry and stylistics , the demands upon researchers to understand and use these new techniques are great . familiarity with the appropriate software and the ear of a sympathetic expert are pre-requisites without which the technique may seem out of reach to the average researcher . the humanities advanced technology and information institute and the department of statistics of the university of glasgow are hence supporting this practical workshop in computationally - intensive methods in quantitative linguistics . the workshop is designed to introduce the participants to four such techniques in a practical environment . each half-day session will be divided into an introductory session in a lecture theatre and a longer period spent working with software and practical examples . all of the speakers have published papers using the analyses they will present and their aim in this workshop is to enable the participants to return to their home institutions able to carry out these techniques in the course of their own research . the sessions and speakers are as follows : deconstructing texts with electronic dice : monte carlo methods in lexical statistics . harald baayen ; max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen , the netherlands . fitting probability distributions to linguistic data . deductive and explorative methods in synergetic linguistics . reinhard koehler ; university of trier , germany . evolutionary computing and text categorization . richard forsyth ; university of the west of england , bristol , united kingdom . neural nets , principal component analysis , marlowe and shakespeare . thomas merriam ; united kingdom . the workshop will be held in the boyd orr building of the university of glasgow , commencing on wednesday 10 september with a reception in the hunterian art gallery . the four workshop sessions will take place on thursday 11 september and friday 12 september . there will also be a half day to loch lomond and the glen goyne whisky distillery on the morning of saturday 13 september . accommodation has been arranged in university accommodation at a cost of gbp17 . 45 including breakfast . tea and coffee , lunches and evening meals on 11 and 12 september , as well as a drinks reception on 10 september are included in the registration fee . the registration fee is gbp150 . 00 and gbp100 . 00 for students . for more information about the workshop and to register , please consult the web site at http : / / www . stats . gla . ac . uk / ~ cimql , or send email to the conference organisers at cimql @ stats . gla . ac . uk .
 "",0
 1765,""Subject: confs : ind - arian , indo - iranian and indo - european
  
  this message has been sent to linguist list , indoeuropean , indology and histling apologies for cross-postings ! see . http : / / titus . uni-frankfurt . de / curric / erl - 97b . html - - - - - - - - - - - - - kolloquium der indogermanischen gesellschaft indoarisch , iranisch und die indogermanistik erlangen , 2 . - 5 . oktober 1997 p r o g r a m m donnerstag , 2 . oktober 1997 8 . 45 - 9 . 00 begr | _ ung 9 . 00 - 10 . 00 thomas oberlies ( freiburg i . b . ) : pans zahnl | cken und hermes ' vorliebe f | r backwerk : die gvedische religion und ihre vorldufer 10 . 00 - 10 . 25 manfred mayrhofer ( wien ) : zum etymologikon des nachvedischen altindoarischen 10 . 25 - 10 . 50 rosemarie l | hr ( jena ) : zum modalfeld im altindischen 10 . 50 - 11 . 20 kaffeepause 11 . 20 - 11 . 45 maria kozianka ( jena ) : passivkonstruktionen mit aktivischen endungen im altindischen 11 . 45 - 12 . 10 susanne zeilfelder ( jena ) : prdverben ohne verben im altindischen 12 . 10 - 12 . 35 toshifumi got ( sendai ) : das priesteramt des vasiha und die indoiranische sonnenverehrung - interpretation von rv vii 88 12 . 35 - 13 . 00 junko sakamoto - got ( osaka ) : das jenseits und i-prta - ` die wirkung des geopferten und des geschenkten ' in der vedischen religion m i t t a g s p a u s e 15 . 00 - 16 . 00 konrad klaus ( bochum ) : die srautastras 16 . 00 - 16 . 25 irene balles ( jena ) : die indoiranischen """" cvi - bildungen """" und ihre deutungen im lichte der typologie 16 . 25 - 16 . 50 lucio melazzo ( palermo ) : die milch der nacht 16 . 50 - 17 . 20 kaffeepause 17 . 20 - 17 . 45 frangois heenen ( wien ) : le disideratif dans le vida 17 . 45 - 18 . 10 agnes korn ( graz ) : streckformen im rigveda 18 . 10 - 18 . 35 karl praust ( wien ) : der se - charakter der wurzel d im veda 18 . 35 - 19 . 00 velizar sadovski - savtchov ( wien ) : die komposita mit prdpositionalem vorderglied im rigveda freitag , 3 . oktober 1997 09 . 00 - 10 . 00 karlheinz kessler ( erlangen ) : der einflu _ des iranischen auf das akkadische der achaimenidenzeit 10 . 00 - 10 . 25 ignacio - javier adiego lajara ( barcelona ) : autour du elatif vieux-perse 10 . 25 - 10 . 50 xavier tremblay ( tournai ) : zum avestischen konsonantismus 10 . 50 - 11 . 20 kaffeepause 11 . 20 - 11 . 45 onofrio carruba ( pavia ) : \ ber die indoarier von mitanni 11 . 45 - 12 . 10 almut hintze ( cambridge ) : die avestische wurzel mad ` messen ' 12 . 10 - 12 . 35 michael janda ( z | rich ) : fesselndes von yima 12 . 35 - 13 . 00 matthias fritz ( berlin ) : eine indoiranische bezeichnung f | r """" heiraten """" m i t t a g s p a u s e 15 . 00 - 16 . 00 gert klingenschmitt ( regensburg ) : mittelpersisch 16 . 00 - 16 . 25 desmond durkin - meisterernst ( m | nster ) : das parthische verbum 16 . 25 - 16 . 50 nicholas sims - williams ( cambridge ) : the bactrian verbal system 16 . 50 - 17 . 20 kaffeepause 17 . 20 - 17 . 45 f . javier martmnez garcma ( frankfurt / main ) : zur avestischen lautlehre 17 . 45 - 18 . 10 michiel de vaan ( leiden ) : bemerkungen zur handschriftlichen \ berlieferung der yasnas 18 . 10 - 18 . 35 agustm alemany vilamajs ( barcelona ) : wer waren die alanen ? 18 . 35 - 19 . 00 johnny cheung ( leiden ) : same remarks on the ossetic gemination 19 . 30 - 20 . 15 jost gippert ( frankfurt / main ) : indoiranistisches text - retrieval : die neuen elektronischen bearbeitungen altiranischer und vedischer texte samstag , 4 . oktober 1997 9 . 00 - 10 . 00 michael witzel ( harvard ) : die sprachliche situation in nordindien in vedischer zeit 10 . 00 - 10 . 25 alexander lubotsky ( leiden ) : the vedic root v ` to cover ' and its present 10 . 25 - 10 . 50 martin k | mmel ( freiburg i . b . ) : der aorist der wurzel ( n ) ar im indoiranischen 10 . 50 - 11 . 20 kaffeepause 11 . 20 - 11 . 45 georges - jean pinault ( paris ) : sur l ' interpritation des comparaisons vidiques 11 . 45 - 12 . 10 stefan schaffner ( regensburg ) : altindisch amnas 12 . 10 - 12 . 35 katharina kupfer ( w | rzburg ) : kopula - und nominalsdtze im rigveda 12 . 35 - 13 . 00 norbert oettinger ( augsburg ) : zu pan - und m i t t a g s p a u s e 15 . 00 - 16 . 00 oskar von hin | ber ( freiburg i . b . ) : spurensuche im vedischen : mittelindisches im altindischen 16 . 00 - 16 . 25 wolfram euler ( m | nchen ) : der met - rauschtrank oder delikatesse der indogermanen ? \ berlegungen zur bedeutungsvielfalt von indoiran . * madhu 16 . 25 - 16 . 50 leonid i . kulikov ( leiden ) : the vedic type syati revisited 16 . 50 - 17 . 20 kaffeepause 17 . 20 - 17 . 45 josi luis garcma ramsn ( kvln ) : indoiranische wurzelprdsentia und iterative aktionsart 17 . 45 - 18 . 10 caroline aan de wiel ( halle / saale ) : dy > jy , oder prkritismus im rigveda ? 18 . 10 - 18 . 35 reinhard stempel ( bonn ) : armenisch und indoiranisch 18 . 35 - 19 . 00 j | rgen lehmann ( w | rzburg ) : die rigvedische somapflanze war weder gr | ne pflanze noch pilz : sicht eines entomologen anschlie _ end : gemeinsamer abend in der evangelischen studentengemeinde sonntag , 5 . oktober 1997 9 . 00 - 9 . 25 sektion a : hisashi miyakawa ( erlangen ) : ab 5 , 14 , 2 nihv-a - avavadit , nih-va - avavadit 9 . 25 - 9 . 50 sektion a : oleg poljakov ( vilnius ) : einige fragen der idg . akzentologie 9 . 00 - 9 . 50 sektion b : peter raulwing / robert oberheid ( bonn ) : der kikkuli - text und die rolle der indoarier im altorientalischen fuhrwesen - einige bemerkungen zu neueren hippologischen und philologischen interpretationen sektionen a und b : 9 . 50 - 10 . 15 frank bernhauer ( m | nchen ) : syntaktische besonderheiten bei vergleichskonstruktionen im vedischen 10 . 15 - 10 . 40 n . alberto cantera glera ( salamanca ) : iranisch * xan - und germanisch * swin ~ a - 10 . 40 - 11 . 00 pause 11 . 00 - 11 . 25 birgit anette olsen ( kopenhagen ) : the pie background of the types dev and vk 11 . 25 - 11 . 50 jens elmegerd rasmussen ( kopenhagen ) : zur vorgeschichte des plusquamperfekts 11 . 50 - 12 . 15 robert plath ( erlangen ) : indoiranische miszellen 12 . 15 - 12 . 40 bernhard forssman ( erlangen ) : zu yast 8 , 40 12 . 40 - 12 . 50 schlu _ wort , verabschiedung tagungsraum : hvrsaal c , philosophisches seminargebdude ii , kochstra _ e 4 ( eingang hindenburgstra _ e ) der tagungsort von sektion b am sonntag ( 5 . 10 . 1997 , 9 . 00 - 9 . 50 uhr ) wird noch bekanntgegeben . bureau / contacting address : institut f | r vergleichende indogermanische sprachwissenschaft kochstra _ e 4 d-91054 erlangen - n | rnberg tel : + 49-9131 - 85-9376 oder - 85-2404 fax : + 49-9131 - 85-6390 email : p2indog @ phil . uni-erlangen . de
 "",0
 1766,""Subject: sociolinguistics symposium 12 update
  
  sociolinguistics symposium 12 at the institute of education university of london 20 bedford way london wc1 from thursday 26th march ( mid-day ) to saturday 28th march ( mid-day ) 1998 summary programme plenaries colloquia papers in parallel sessions short ' work in progress ' reports poster presentations publishers displays social events british sign language interpretation available to ss12 participants who request this in advance . academic organising committee professor jenny cheshire , queen mary & westfield college , university of london ; professor jennifer coates , roehampton institute london ; dr penelope gardner - chloros , birkbeck college , university of london ; dr ben rampton & celia roberts , thames valley university ; euan reid , institute of education , university of london . ; professor brian street , king 's college , university of london . plenaries the following speakers have accepted invitations to give plenary presentations : titles are in some cases provisional , as they are for the colloquia listed below . professor jan blommaert ( university of antwerp / international pragmatics association ) : reconstructing the sociolinguistic image of africa : grassroots writing in shaba , congo . professor debbie cameron ( university of strathclyde , glasgow ) , good to talk ? the discourse and practice of communication skills . professor penny eckert ( stanford university ) variation , style & identity . professor susan gal ( university of chicago ) language ideologies and linguistic boundaries : the semiotics of differentiation . colloquia will include the following maintaining indigenous languages , with special reference to latin america - state planning vs grass - roots initiatives : jane freeland ( portsmouth ) & rosaleen howard - malverde ( liverpool ) contact : jane . freeland @ port . ac . uk speech representation & institutional discourse : stef slembrouck ( gent ) & mike baynham ( sydney ) contact : stef . slembrouck @ rug . ac . be the sociolinguistics of computer - mediated communication : simeon yates ( open university ) contact : s . j . yates @ open . ac . uk oral narratives across contexts & cultures shoshana blum - kulka ( hebrew university , jerusalem ) & alexandra georgakopolou ( king 's college , london ) contacts : . mskcusb @ pluto . mscc . huji . ac . il or alexandra . georgakopoulou @ kcl . ac . uk . the organisers are also discussing further ideas for colloquia on gerontolinguistics , on the sociolinguistics of sign languages , on language & multimodality , on academic literacies , on language & sexuality and on code - mixing and code - switching . in all cases we are encouraging maximum interactivity , and openness to unsolicited contributions . contact ben . rampton @ tvu . ac . uk further details on programme we intend to complete the programme-planning as far as we can by mid - november 1997 , and to let speakers have details at that time . the full programme will then be sent by post to all registered participants , along with local travel details , by january 1998 . [ the text of this posting is also available in printed form from our conference office - see below . ] our website will be set up in the next few days , and will be updated regularly with programme and participant details : http : / / www . ioe . ac . uk / ccs / ss12 call for papers the academic organising committee invites offers of papers in any area of sociolinguistics . our intention for ss12 is to accept rather fewer papers than at some recent meetings in the series . the offers should indicate clearly if they are for the regular 35 - minute slots ( ' papers ' : where presenters will be encouraged to speak for no more than c20 minutes , leaving c15 minutes for questions and discussion ) , for the shorter 15 minute slots ( ' reports ' on work in progress ) , for ' colloquia ' where preliminary contact should have been made with convenors , or for ' posters ' , where a specified display space , and if necessary time-slot will be offered . the criteria for selection will be : originality , significance , estimated contribution to conceptual development of the field , lucidity . all submissions , ( except those for the colloquia , which we need by 31st july 1997 ) should arrive at our conference office by 31st august 1997 they will be reviewed anonymously by members of the committee during september and october 1997 , with the help of colloquium convenors where appropriate . how to submit proposals send 2 copies by post ( not email , please ) : one of these only should have your name , address etc on it . your proposal should consist of the following ( i ) the title of the abstract , along with up to 5 keywords ; ( ii ) the category of proposal you are making : either a 35 minute paper for one of the parallel sessions , a 15 minute report on work in progress , a contribution to one of the colloquia , or a poster presentation : the organisers may propose that your presentation be included in a different category . ( iii ) an abstract of 200-300 words , strictly limited to one double-spaced page ; ( iv ) on one copy only all of the above , with , in addition : author 's name , postal address , telephone & fax numbers , and email address wherever available ; where a private address is given , also indicate your institutional affiliation , and your status - academic staff , student , other . all of the above should be sent , separate from any administrative or registration enquiries , to the conference officer , institute of education , 20 bedford way , london wc1h oal . please mark the outside of the envelope ' ss12 abstract ' , and send it in good time to meet our submission receipt deadlines of 31st july 1997 ( for colloquia papers ) or 31st august 1997 ( everything else ) . costs early symposium fee - 120 pounds sterling ( for bookings received by december 31 , 1997 ) standard symposium fee - 140 pounds sterling late symposium fee - 160 pounds sterling ( for bookings received after february 27 , 1998 ) student / unwaged symposium fee - 95 pounds sterling ( on production of satisfactory evidence of status , and only for bookings received by december 31 ) day symposium fees thursday 26th march - 45 pounds sterling friday 27th march - 90 pounds sterling saturday 28th march - 45 pounds sterling . late & day bookings are subject to availability of places after the standard booking period ends on february 27 1998 . scholarships a limited number of scholarships is available , on a competitive basis , for students whose papers are accepted at ss12 . these scholarships will cover the conference fee & accommodation costs for two nights in the student hall of residence , if you do n't live in london . you will need to find travel costs from other sources . submit your abstract in the usual way , but add a letter indicating that you wish to apply for a scholarship , with a supporting letter from the institution where you are studying . registration the form below is only about registration for the symposium itself , administered by the institute of education 's conference office payment of the appropriate symposium fee is obligatory , and will entitle you to all documents for the meeting ( programme , abstracts of papers , participants list ) , and to a badge giving admission to sessions , tea / coffee etc at breaks , and buffet lunches . conference registration form please complete the following , either returning it electronically to the conference office ( c . bird @ ioe . ac . uk ) , or printing it off and sending it with your sterling cheque . insert the personal details as you would like them to appear on the participants ' list & on the ss12 badge we shall prepare for you . enter one person only on each form : your title : ( mr / ms / dr / prof / . . . . . ) your family name : your other name ( s ) : your institution & departmental address : phone and fax numbers for communication ( say if work or private ) : your email address : address for correspondence if different from your institution : please reserve a conference place for me : date of booking . . . . . either for the whole meeting @ early discount rate of 120 pounds or @ standard rate of 140 pounds or @ late rate of 160 pounds or for one or two days thursday 26 / 3 @ 45 pounds friday 27 / 3 @ 90 pounds saturday 28 / 3 @ 45 pounds completed registration formson paper , and sterling cheques ( non-sterling cheques add 10 % please ) payable to ' institute of education - ss12 ' , should be sent to the conference office ( ss12 ) , institute of education , 20 bedford way , london wc1h 0al , uk . booking enquiries can be made to the conference officer there , cathy bird ( c . bird @ ioe . ac . uk ) , tel : + 44 . 171 . 612 . 6017 . . . . fax : + 44 . 171 . 612 . 6402 . she will also pass on academic enquiries . accommodation bookings can be made through hotelscene , a reservation service offering discounted accommodation with a range of hotels etc within a few minutes walk from the institute of education in the bloomsbury district of london . hotelscene information will be sent on receipt of registration forms . single room and breakfast prices will be from about 20 pounds per night in a student hall of residence , to about 100 pounds per night in a first class hotel , less per head in double rooms . euan reid culture , communication and societies institute of education university of london 20 bedford way london wc1h 0al tel : + 44 171 612 6524 / fax : + 44 171 612 6177
 "",0
 1767,""Subject: conf on maritime terminology
  
  dear colleague , next year , the brussels - based college for interpreters and translators ( isti ) is hosting the first international conference on maritime terminology . the conference is intended to provide a forum for scholars , experts and professionals to present their views and exchange ideas on a shared interest . for more details , please visit our special website at http : / / www . refer . fr / termisti / nauterm / nauten . htm . i should appreciate it if you could provide a link-up in your website . furthermore , if you know of any other organization or institution that should be alerted to the conference please drop me an email . i look forward to hearing from you ! yours sincerely , marc van campenhoudt - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - prof . dr . marc van campenhoudt centre de recherche termisti institut superieur de traducteurs et interpretes ( isti ) 34 , rue joseph hazard b-1180 brussels belgium t = e9l . : + 32 . 2 . 346 . 26 . 41 fax : + 32 . 2 . 346 . 21 . 34 marc . van . campenhoudt @ euronet . be termisti @ euronet . be http : / / www . refer . fr / termisti / termisti . htm iii iiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iiiiiiiiiiiii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iiiiiiiiiiiii iii iii
 "",0
 1768,""Subject: 5th intl . conf . conceptual structures
  
  c a l l f o r p a r t i c i p a t i o n fifth international conference on conceptual structures fulfilling peirce 's dream august 4 - 8 , 1997 university of washington seattle washington usa . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - keynote address peirce 's graphs - jay zeman a pragmatic understanding of """" knowing that """" and """" knowing how """" : the pivotal role of conceptual structures - daniel m . rochowiak a peircean foundation for the theory of contexts - john f . sowa the corali project : from conceptual graphs to conceptual graphs via labelled graphs - michel chein knowledge representation contexts : a formal definition of worlds of assertions - guy w . mineau , and olivier gerbe positive nested conceptual graphs - michel chein and marie - laure mugnier a different perspective on canonicity - michel wermelinger aggregations in conceptual graphs - william m . tepfenhart the representation of semantic constraints in conceptual graph systems - guy w . mineau , and rokia missaoui representation of defaults and exceptions in conceptual graphs formalism - catherine faron , and jean - gabriel ganascia introduction of viewpoints in conceptual graph formalism - myriam ribiere , and rose dieng knowlledge engineering task - dependent aspects of knowledge acquisition : a case study in a technical domain - galia angelova and kalina bontcheva uncovering the conceptual models in ripple down rule kbs - debbie richards and paul compton knowledge modeling using annotated flow chart - robert kremer , dickson lukose , and brian gaines knowledge modeling complex modeling constructs in model-ecs - dickson lukose modeling cause and effect in legal text - judith p . dick information systems modeling with cgs logic - ryszard raban modeling and simulating human behaviors with conceptual graphs - corinne bos , bernard botella , and philippe vanheeghe formal concept analysis conceptual graphs and formal concept analysis - rudolf wille on a triadic diagram representing three gosphels - klaus biedermann concept exploration - a tool for creating and exploring conceptual hierarchies - gerd stumme logical scaling in formal concept analysis - susanne prediger organization of knowledge using order factors - gerard ellis and stephen callaghan formal reasoning c . s . peirce and the quest for gamma graphs - peter oehrstroem sound and complete proof procedure for conceptual graphs combining projections with analytic tableaux - gwen kerdiles and eric salvat fuzzy unification and resolution proof procedure for fuzzy conceptual graph programs - tru h . cao , peter n . creasy and vilas wuwongse reasoning with type definitions - michel leclere universal marker and functional relation : semantics and operations - tru h . cao , and peter n . creasy animating conceptual graphs - ryszard raban and harry s . delugach accounting for domain knowledge in the construction of a generalization space - isabelle bournaud and jean - gabriel ganascia rational and affective linking across conceptual cases - without rules - graham a . mann conceptual graphs for corporate knowledge repositories - olivier gerbe applications of conceptual graphs an experiment in document retrieval using conceptual graphs - david genest and michel chein port : a testbed paradigm for knowledge processing in the humanities - mary keeler , leroy searle , and christian kloesel using access paths to guide inference with conceptual graphs - peter clark and bruce porter applying conceptual graph theory to the user - driven specification of network information systems - aldo de moor generic trading service in telecommunication platforms - arno puder , and k . romer assessing sowa 's conceptual graphs for effective strategic management decisions , based on a comparative study with eden 's cognitive mapping - simon polovina conceptual graph tools cgkat : a knowledge acquisition and retrieval tool using structured documents and ontologies - philippe martin the webkb set of tools - philippe martin deakin toolset : conceptual graphs based knowledge acquisition , managment , and processing tools - brian garner , eric tsui , and dickson lukose egp : extendible graph processor - eric tsui , brian garner , and dickson lukose cgkee : conceptual graph knowledge engineering environment - dickson lukose menu - based interfaces to conceptual graphs : the cglex approach - galia angelova , svetlana damyanova , kristina toutanova , and kalina bontcheva knowledge extractor : a tool for extracting knowledge from text - walling r . cyre the cg mars lander - gil fuchs and robert levinson pccg : an operational tracked grid for creating conceptual graphs - randy p . wolf and harry s . delugach - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration form iccs ' 97 international conference on conceptual structures please complete in full and return to iccs ' 97 by email to : lsearle @ u . washington . edu you must also post a signed registration form together with your payment to the center for the humanities , university of washington . cheque must be made payable to the university of washington . please print or type . first name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ last name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company or affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip or postal code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ daytime telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conference fee the conference registration fee include the following : o morning and afternoon tea for 5 days o lunch for 5 days 0 boeing tour o salmon bbq on wednesday august 6th , 1997 o conference banquet on thursday august 7th , 1997 o conference proceedings ( lnai ) o registration to the cgtools workshop before after june 30th , 1997 june 30th , 1997 _ _ regular registration : $ 375 $ 475 _ _ student registration : $ 175 $ 200 _ _ single day registration : $ 100 $ 100 _ _ additional tour & salmon bbq ticket $ 25 $ 25 _ _ additional banquet ticket $ 30 $ 30 ( students must send legible proof of full-time student status ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tutorial fee before after june 30th , 1997 june 30th , 1997 sunday august 3rd , 1997 ( morning ) _ _ an historical view of peirce $ 50 $ 100 _ _ formal concept analysis $ 50 $ 100 sunday august 3rd , 1997 ( afternoon ) _ _ formal reasoning with cg $ 50 $ 100 _ _ gamma graphs - the modal part of $ 50 $ 100 existential graphs ( note : if you are registering for two tutorials , then the cost of the second tutorial is only $ 25 ) . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conference accommodation information you should make your own arrangements for accommodation and all payments for accommodation should be made directly to the accommodation providers . we have reserved over 100 rooms at the dormitory housing , motels , and hotels . check out the following url for more details on conference accommodation : http : / / www . cs . uah . edu / ~ iccs97 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total fee ( registration , tutorials , and extra charges for banquet and / or barbecue . payments for housing must be made separately . ) total fee : ( please enter correct amount ) $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ method of payment ( please mark """" x """" your method of payment ) ( all email and fax registrations must be accompanied by credit card information . ) _ _ american express _ _ mastercard _ _ visa _ _ cheque credit card account number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name as it appears on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( disclaimer : when you email or fax us this registration form , your credit card number is sent as open text and may not be secure . ) refunds requests for refunds must be received in writing by june 30th , 1997 . no refunds will be granted after this date . a $ 25 . 00 processing fee will be levied on all refunds granted . there are no refunds for paper authors ( technical papers and extended abstract for cgtools ) . special request _ _ special dietary needs : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ special access for wheelchair : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please note : registration cannot be processed if information is incomplete or illegible . please mail completed form with your payment to : iccs ' 97 c / o professor leroy searle center for the humanities box 353910 , seatle , wa 98195 university of washington , usa fax : ( 206 ) 685-4080 thank you for your registration !
 "",0
 1769,""Subject: machine translation
  
  mt summit vi : """" machine translation : past , present , future """" catamaran resort hotel san diego , 29 october-1 november 1997 a once - in-a - lifetime opportunity no serious mt - ite can afford to miss mt summit vi in san diego next october . hosted by the association for machine translation in the americas ( amta ) on behalf of the international association for machine translation ( iamt ) , this year 's summit coincides with the 50th anniversary of machine translation . the celebration will be truly memorable . amta and its cooperating host institution , the information sciences institute / university of southern california , take great pleasure in inviting you to join us in commemorating this event . schedule the following schedule gives an overview of the events that have been planned : tuesday , 28 october : 12 - hour excursion to ensenada ; all-day workshops wednesday , 29 october : 3 - hour tutorials in morning and afternoon ; registration ; opening of exhibits / reception , 6 : 30 p . m . thursday , 30 october : plenary and parallel sessions , 9 : 00 a . m . - 5 : 30 p . m . ; exhibits , 10 : 30 - 5 : 30 p . m . ; boat cruise , 6 : 00 - 7 : 30 p . m . ; beach luau , 7 : 30 p . m . friday , 31 october : plenary and parallel sessions , 9 : 00 a . m . - 5 : 30 p . m . ; exhibits , 10 : 30 - 5 : 30 p . m . ; banquet , boat leaves at 6 : 30 p . m . saturday , 1 november : plenary and parallel sessions , 9 : 00 a . m . - 5 : 30 p . m . ; exhibits , 10 : 30 - 3 : 00 p . m . the program a rich menu of invited talks , submitted papers , and theater-style system presentations , together with a panel that will reunite early mt pioneers , will give special meaning to the conference 's theme , """" machine translation : past , present , and future . """" in a format combining both plenary and parallel sessions , the three - day program , including all day saturday , covers the trajectory of mt across the decades from the perspective of researchers , developers , and users . the session topics , to be addressed by experts from around the world , include : early mt history current state of mt mt r&d around the world the shape of commercial mt systems production mt the market perspective what do users need ? whither mt ? parallel to these main topics will be a second track of sessions that will include submitted papers and live system presentations in a theater-style setting . all sessions will be audiotaped , and copies of the tapes will be available for purchase on-site shortly after each session ends . tutorials and workshops on wednesday , 29 october , participants are offered a selection of four 3 - hour tutorials : morning , 9-12 a . m . """" a gentle introduction to mt : theory and current practice """" - eduard hovy """" making mt work for you """" - marjorie le = a2n afternoon , 2 - 5 p . m . """" mt evaluation : old , new , and recycled """" - john white """" postediting mt : strategies and methods """" - karin spalink in addition , two workshops-one on the subject of interlinguas and the other on standardization-are being offered on tuesday , 28 october , outside the framework of the conference for attendees who wish to come a day earlier . there will be a nominal charge . those interested should contact the organizers directly . steve helmreich ( shelmrei @ crl . nmsu . edu ) is coordinating the workshop on interlinguas , and alan melby ( melbya @ byu . edu ) is responsible for the one on standards . exhibits in addition to the theater-style system presentations in the regular program , throughout the conference mt developers will also be showcasing their latest breakthroughs in the exhibit hall . exhibits coordinator kim belvin ( kbelvin @ ucsd . edu ) has put out a call for exhibitors and is expecting a record-breaking array of products and systems . this will be """" one-stop shopping """" at its best for all mt - ites , whether their interest is in purchasing or licensing mt systems or in viewing , understanding , and comparing them . there will also be tabletop exhibit space , available at a lower fee , for publishers and nonprofit research groups . anyone interested in exhibiting should contact kim at the e-mail address above as soon as possible because booths will be assigned on a first-come , first-served basis and there may not be enough room for all who want to exhibit . related events because of the celebratory nature of this year 's summit , a number of other exciting activities will be rounding out the rest of the conference schedule . an all-day excursion to ensenada , a major mexican seaport and tourist center , is planned for tuesday , 28 october . this spectacular 50 - mile ride down the baja california coast will include a stop at rosarito beach ; a typical mexican lunch at a restaurant with breathtaking views ; a tour of ensenada followed by time for shopping , wine-tasting , museum-going , or strolling ; and an elegant gourmet dinner by the ocean at sunset-all this for us $ 65 . 00 . tutorials and registration will take place all day wednesday , 29 october , and the conference proper will open with the 50th anniversary reception at 6 : 30 p . m . in the exhibit area . the reception is complimentary , sponsored in part by logos corporation . box lunches will be available during the three days of the conference . tickets for the three lunches may be purchased for a total of us $ 18 . 00 . on the morning of thursday , 30 october , there will be a welcome breakfast for participants ' spouses or other traveling companions , at which time they will be given suggestions of various things to do in the san diego area . thursday evening will be a double-header . at 6 : 00 p . m . the hotel 's magnificently detailed triple-deck sternwheeler , the """" wm . d . evans , """" will take participants and their companions on a complimentary cruise of mission bay , sponsored in part by systran software . during the cruise the entertainment will include drawings for our exciting mt - oriented raffle ( see separate story ) , to be emceed by bill fry . on disembarkation at 7 : 30 p . m . there will be a hawaiian luau on the beach ( us $ 20 . 00 per person ) . finally , the banquet ( us $ 50 . 00 per person ) will be held on friday , 31 october , on the top floor of the bahia hotel , a sister property of the catamaran , also on mission bay . this site was chosen for its spectacular nighttime views stretching to mexico in the south and la jolla in the north . transportation will be provided on the """" bahia belle , """" the hotel 's smaller sternwheeler . later in the evening the """" bahia belle """" opens to the public with a live band and dancing ; those returning from the banquet may choose to remain on board at no extra cost and continue to cruise around the bay . site and accommodations the catamaran resort hotel is a tropical paradise wedged between its own beach on mission bay and the public boardwalk and pacific ocean just a few steps away . its conference center is perfect for mt summit vi , with bright airy rooms open to terraces , gardens , patios , and the beach on the bay . the hotel has a pool , jacuzzi , fitness center , and business center . bicycles , skates , and various types of boats are available for rent . the immediate vicinity offers many shops and restaurants as well as grocery stores and carry-outs . hotel parking passes are available at a special conference rate of us $ 10 for three nights . the guest rooms are luxuriously appointed , all with doors opening onto either a terrace or a balcony . the special conference rates are us $ 99 . 00 for an interior garden view and us $ 109 . 00 for a view of the bay or ocean . rooms in the tower have kitchenettes and sweeping views . participants should make their reservations directly with the catamaran - in the u . s . : + 1 800 / 288-0770 ; from canada : 800 / 233 - 8172 ; from elsewhere : + 1 619 / 488-1081 ; fax : + 1 619 / 488-1619 . neither space nor rates can be guaranteed after 28 september , so make your reservation early ! get there for less ! conventions in america , the summit 's official travel agency , offers discounts on american airlines and alamo rent a car and lowest available fares on any airline . call + 1 800 / 929-4242 in the united states and canada or + 1 619 / 453-3686 from elsewhere ; fax + 1 619 / 453-7976 ; or e-mail flycia @ scitravel . com . be sure to mention group # 547 . additional information complete registration packets were mailed at the beginning of june to members of aamt , amta , and eamt , including the preliminary program flier , hotel registration form , and assorted other fliers . if you are not a member of one of the regional associations , you may obtain this packet by contacting the mt summit vi registrar : phone / fax : + 1 703 / 716-0912 ; e-mail : amta @ clark . net . you may also register on-line at this website . coordinates general chair muriel vasconcellos president , iamt phone : + 1 619 / 272-3360 fax : + 1 619 / 272-3361 e - mail : murielvasconcellos @ compuserve . com program chair winfield scott bennett logos corporation phone : + 1 201 / 398-8710 x 104 fax : + 1 201 / 398-6102 e - mail : wsben @ ibm . net local arrangements chair laurie gerber systran software phone : + 1 619 / 459-6700 x 119 fax : + 1 619 / 459-8487 e - mail : lgerber @ systransoft . com exhibits coordinator kim belvin phone : + 1 619 / 481-8446 fax : + 1 619 / 350-8613 e - mail : kbelvin @ ucsd . edu registrar deborah becker amta / iamt focal point phone / fax : + 703 / 716-0912 e - mail : amta @ clark . net
 "",0
 1770,""Subject: final call : acl ' 97 / eacl ' 97 workshop on anaphora resolution
  
  final call for registration and programme _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ acl ' 97 / eacl ' 97 workshop 11 july , 1997 madrid , spain operational factors in practical , robust anaphora resolution for unrestricted texts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ this workshop has a dual focus . it promotes work which addresses the practical requirements of operational and robust anaphora resolution components . it also seeks to investigate the role of , and interactions among , the various factors in anaphora resolution : in particular those that scale well , or that translate easily to knowledge-poor environments . programme = = = = = = = = = = = 8 . 30 - 9 . 00 on - site registration ( if places are still available ) morning session i 9 . 00 - 9 . 15 opening remarks : ruslan mitkov and branimir boguraev 9 . 15 - 9 . 40 massimo poesio , renata vieira , simone teufel - resolving bridging references in unrestricted text 9 . 40-10 . 05 tatsunori mori , mamoru matsuo , hiroshi nakagawa - constraints and defaults of zero pronouns in japanese instruction manuals 10 . 05-10 . 30 ruslan mitkov - factors in anaphora resolution : they are not the only things that matter a case study based on two different approaches . 10 . 30-11 . 00 coffee break morning session ii 11 . 00-11 . 25 megumi kameyama - recognizing referential links : an information extraction perspective 11 . 25-11 . 50 kevin humphreys , robert gaizauskas , saliha azzam - event coreference for information extraction 11 . 50-12 . 15 breck baldwin - cogniac : high precision coreference with limited knowledge and linguistic resources 12 . 15-12 . 40 roland stuckardt - resolving anaphoric references on deficient syntactic descriptions 12 . 40-13 . 05 hiromi nakaiwa - automatic extraction of rules for anaphora resolution of japanese zero pronouns from aligned sentence pairs 13 . 05-15 . 15 lunch afternoon session i 15 . 15-15 . 40 sabine bergler - towards reliable partial anaphora resolution 15 . 40-16 . 05 marco rocha - supporting anaphor resolution in dialogues with a corpus-based probabilistic model 16 . 05-16 . 30 tony mcenery , izumi tanaka , simon botley - corpus annotation and reference resolution 16 . 30-17 . 00 coffee break afternoon session 2 17 . 00-17 . 20 ruslan mitkov - how far are we from ( semi - ) automatic annotation of anaphoric links in corpora ? 17 . 20-17 . 40 andrei popescu - belis , isabelle robba - cooperation between pronoun and reference resolution for unrestricted texts 17 . 40-18 . 30 panel """" future directions in anaphora resolution """" aravind joshi , megumi kameyama , breck baldwin , michael strube , ruslan mitkov registration = = = = = = = = = = = = = the registration fee for the workshop is 60 us dollars and includes a copy of the proceedings , lunch and refreshments . participants can pre-register ( please use the registration form below ) or register on site . given the limit on the number of workshop participants , pre-registration is recommended . ( pre - registration will proceed on a first-come , first-served basis ) . please note that according to the acl rules , workshop participants must register for the main conference as well . please fax your registration form ( do not forget to sign ) before friday , 4 july to acl phone + 1-908 - 873-3898 priscilla rasmussen fax + 1-908 - 873-0014 p . o . box 6090 acl @ bellcore . com somerset , nj 08875 , usa and an email a copy of it to r . mitkov @ wlv . ac . uk if places are available , on-site registration will take place between 8 . 30 and 9 . 00 am on the day of the workshop ( 11 july ) . registration form acl ' 97 / eacl ' 97 workshop 11 july , 1997 madrid , spain operational factors in practical , robust anaphora resolution for unrestricted texts name : address : affiliation : ( for badge ) telephone , fax : email address : registration fee 60 ( sixty ) us dollars [ ] visa or mastercard : number : expiry date ( month , year ) name as it appears on card : i wish to pay the sum of 60 us dollars . signature : workshop organisers = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ruslan mitkov school of languages and european studies university of wolverhampton stafford st . wolverhampton wv1 1sb united kingdom tel ( 44-1902 ) 322471 email r . mitkov @ wlv . ac . uk branimir k . boguraev apple research laboratories apple computer , inc . one infinite loop , ms : 301-3s cupertino , ca 95014 usa tel : ( 1-408 ) 974 1048 email : bkb @ research . apple . com further information = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = for further information concerning the workshop , please contact the organisers . to see the original call for papers , visit http : / / www . cs . columbia . edu / ~ acl / finstring . html # anaphora for information about the main acl ' 97 / eacl ' 97 conference , see http : / / horacio . ieec . uned . es / cl97 / . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ruslan mitkov school of languages and european studies university of wolverhampton stafford st wolverhampton wv1 1sb united kingdom tel ( 44-1902 ) 322471 fax ( 44-1902 ) 322739 email r . mitkov @ wlv . ac . uk - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",0
 1771,""Subject: workshop in computationally-intensive methods in quantitative linguistics
  
  humanist discussion group , vol . 11 , no . 125 . centre for computing in the humanities , king 's college london < http : / / www . princeton . edu / ~ mccarty / humanist / > < http : / / www . kcl . ac . uk / humanities / cch / humanist / > workshop in computationally-intensive methods in quantitative linguistics humanities advanced technology and information institute department of statistics university of glasgow , uk 11 , 12 september 1997 early registration please note that the early registration deadline has been extended until 30 june for this workshop . payments received after this date will be subject to a gbp50 increase in the registration fee . to register , complete the form at http : / / www . stats . gla . ac . uk / ~ cimql / regform . html , or download and complete the text version ( regform . txt ) . details of the workshop follow : in recent years techniques from disciplines such as computer science , articficial intelligence and statistics have found their way into the pages of journals such as the journal of quantitative linguistics , literary and linguistic computing and computers and the humanities . while this influx may bring more advanced methods of analysis to the fields of quantitative linguistics , stylometry and stylistics , the demands upon researchers to understand and use these new techniques are great . familiarity with the appropriate software and the ear of a sympathetic expert are pre-requisites without which the technique may seem out of reach to the average researcher . the humanities advanced technology and information institute and the department of statistics of the university of glasgow are hence supporting this practical workshop in computationally - intensive methods in quantitative linguistics . the workshop is designed to introduce the participants to four such techniques in a practical environment . each half-day session will be divided into an introductory session in a lecture theatre and a longer period spent working with software and practical examples . all of the speakers have published papers using the analyses they will present and their aim in this workshop is to enable the participants to return to their home institutions able to carry out these techniques in the course of their own research . the sessions and speakers are as follows : deconstructing texts with electronic dice : monte carlo methods in lexical statistics . harald baayen ; max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen , the netherlands . fitting probability distributions to linguistic data . deductive and explorative methods in synergetic linguistics . reinhard koehler ; university of trier , germany . evolutionary computing and text categorization . richard forsyth ; university of the west of england , bristol , united kingdom . neural nets , principal component analysis , marlowe and shakespeare . thomas merriam ; united kingdom . the workshop will be held in the boyd orr building of the university of glasgow , commencing on wednesday 10 september with a reception in the hunterian art gallery . the four workshop sessions will take place on thursday 11 september and friday 12 september . there will also be a half day to loch lomond and the glen goyne whisky distillery on the morning of saturday 13 september . accommodation has been arranged in university accommodation with some en suite facilities . tea and coffee , lunches and evening meals on 11 and 12 september are included in the registration fee . the registration fee is gbp150 . 00 and gbp100 . 00 for students . for more information about the workshop and to register , please consult the web site at http : / / www . stats . gla . ac . uk / ~ cimql , or send email to the conference organisers at cimql @ stats . gla . ac . uk .
 "",0
 1772,""Subject: endangered languages workshop
  
  the foundation for endangered languages is pleased to announce its first workshop , entitled """" steps in language rescue """" . it will take place at the university of york on the week-end of 26 and 27 july this year . programme saturday 2 . 00 - 2 . 30 arrival , any late registration 2 . 30 - 2 . 40 introduction to the foundation for endangered languages fel committee session i 2 . 40 - 3 . 10 endangered language policy in india mahendra verma 3 . 10 - 3 . 40 the situation of the berber languages in north africa farid aitsiselmi 3 . 40 - 4 . 10 script groups and their use in particular areas john clews session ii 4 . 30 - 5 . 00 izhorian ( estonia / sweden ) : is language revival possible ? ilya s . nikolaev 5 . 00 - 5 . 30 issues in standardisation for the tsimshian language of the american north west tonya nicole stebbins 5 . 30 - 6 . 00 an overview of endangered languages in brunei darussalam peter martin - break for dinner , followed by agm and general meeting of the foundation sunday session iii 9 . 00 - 9 . 30 language revival : the case of irish in belfast alison henry 9 . 30 - 10 . 00 gaelic as an endangered language : problems and prospects kenneth mackinnon session iv 10 . 30 - 11 . 00 planning for kurdish language and linguistics siamak rezaei durroei 11 . 00 - 11 . 30 big oil and the threat to minority languages by the andes nicholas ostler 11 . 30 - 12 . 00 final discussion and round - up of policy pointers noon - - lunch and departures - - non - members of the foundation are very welcome to attend , though of course it will be possible to join on site . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * registration for york workshop """" steps in language rescue """" 26-27 july , 1997 the conference will take place in the university of york , and accommodation has been arranged in derwent college , near campus . the university of york is located south of the medieval walled city of york , a comfortable walking distance from the railway . alternatively , bus number 4 or 5 can be caught from the station , getting off at the derwent college stop . accomodation o with 30 pounds o without 20 pounds an ensuite shower and w . c . ; meals o on saturday night 7 pounds o on sunday at lunch 6 pounds ( let us know of any dietary or other requirements you might have ) registration fees o unwaged ( e . g . students , unemployed ) 10 pounds o standard 20 pounds ( please provide some evidence / confirmation if you apply at the lower rate . ) total : _ _ _ pounds please send form to : dr mahendra verma , membership secretary fel , language & linguistic science , univ . york , york yo1 5dd , england it will also be possible to register in person at the door . however , if you plan to do this , it would help if you inform us in advance . dr verma 's e-mail address is : mkv1 @ york . ac . uk ( mahendra verma ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nicholas ostler managing director president linguacubun ltd foundation for endangered languages http : / / www . bris . ac . uk / depts / philosophy / ctll / fel / batheaston villa , 172 bailbrook lane bath ba1 7aa england + 44-1225 - 85-2865 fax + 44-1225 - 85-9258 nostler @ chibcha . demon . co . uk
 "",0
 1773,""Subject: harold orton centenary conference
  
  preliminary announcement and call for papers harold orton centenary conference : dialectal variation in english march 24-26 1998 plenary speakers will include : bill kretzschmar jim milroy 1998 sees the centenary of the birth of harold orton , co-founder of the survey of english dialects , and the half-centenary of the establishment of the survey itself . the conference aims : - to take stock of the research achievements in dialectology to date - to address current issues in diachronic and synchronic variation in english , from the point of view of dialectology , sociolinguistics , corpus-based linguistics , socio-cultural studies , literary studies and any other related fields - to bring together people working on linguistic variation from different perspectives and from all the english - using world - to look forward to research projects for the new millenium a selection of the proceedings will be published in leeds studies in english . we invite you to send one-page proposals for papers , workshops , and panel discussions in the above areas . papers will be 20 minutes duration + 10 minutes for discussion . please send your abstracts / proposals by 30 september 1997 to one of the following , either by post to the address below or by email : dr clive upton ( c . upton @ sheffield . ac . uk ) dr juhani klemola ( j . klemola @ leeds . ac . uk ) dr anthea fraser gupta ( a . f . gupta @ leeds . ac . uk ) school of english university of leeds leeds ls2 9jt uk for more information , contact : professor katie wales ( k . wales @ leeds . ac . uk )
 "",0
 1774,""Subject: re : epia ' 97 - call for participation
  
  call for participation epia ' 97 8th portuguese conference on artificial intelligence university auditorium , coimbra , portugal october 6 - 9 , 1997 under the auspices of the portuguese association for artificial intelligence the 8th portuguese conference on artificial intelligence will be held at coimbra , portugal , october 6 - 9 , 1997 . as in previous issues , ( ' 89 , ' 91 , ' 93 and ' 95 ) , epia ' 97 will be run as an international conference , english being the official language . the conference covers all areas of artificial intelligence , including theoretical areas , foundational areas , and applications . the scientific program consists of invited lectures , tutorials , parallel workshops , and paper presentations . eight well-known researchers will present invited lectures and tutorials . the conference proceedings will be published by springer verlag and made available to the attendees . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * invited lectures tom mitchell oskar dressler ( cmu - usa ) ( occ ' m software gmbh - germany ) luis moniz pereira francisco varela ( unl - portugal ) ( cnrs - france ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tutorial program daniel o'leary ( usc - usa ) , on ai and finance ramon de mantaras ( csic - spain ) , on kdd and data mining pedro barahona ( unl - portugal ) , on constraint programming felix costa ( ul - portugal ) , on neurocomputing * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the venue ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ coimbra is the most important city of central portugal . situated on the banks of river mondego and a mere 40km from the sea , coimbra is a two-hour train journey from the international airports of lisbon and oporto . the university of coimbra is one of the oldest in the world , its history dating back to the 13th century . grown up around its university , coimbra reflects a deep academic life , where cultural tradition and irreverence merge together to offer a splendid well being for residents and visitors . because of its immense historical heritage and unique romantic atmosphere , coimbra is one of the favorite tourist destinations in portugal . its population is approximately 100 , 000 . at the beginning of october , the temperature ranges from 20c to 22c ( 68f to 72f ) during the day . lightweight clothing is therefore recommended . as it rains from time to time during this part of the year , it is also advisable to bring an umbrella . transport ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ the closest international airports are located in lisbon and oporto , respectively 200km and 120km away from coimbra . the conference will arrange a limited number of shuttle buses for attendees , from lisbon and oporto airports to coimbra , and back . places in these buses will be subjected to previous reservation . the trips from these airports to coimbra may also be made by train , bus or car . detailed and up-to - date information will be made available at the epia ' 97 web site . accommodations ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ epia ' 97 has booked a limited number of rooms at reduced conference fees in several hotels covering a wide range of prices . transfers between some of the hotels and the university auditorium will be made available free of charge to the attendees who make their reservations through professional tours , the epia ' 97 official travel agency . accommodations for students - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - a limited number of low rate rooms in fairly good residentials and hotels is available for those registering as students for the conference . reservations - - - - - - - - - - - the reservation is considered to be effective when the payment for all the days of stay has been made . the deadline for reservations is september 30 . enquires and requests for accommodation forms should be directed to the epia ' 97 official travel agency : professional tours av . d . afonso henriques , 45 3000 coimbra portugal fax : + 351 . 39 . 401033 phone : + 351 . 39 . 402011 the accomodation form may also be found at epia ' 97 web site . tours ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ the conference program includes a scheduled tour for both the participants and their companions on saturday , october 10 ( tour 1 ) . three other tours are scheduled on the conference days for the participants companions ( tour 2 , your 3 and tour 4 ) . tour 1 - figueira da foz beach ( october 10 , full day , 2 , 100 pt , not including lunch ) tour 2 - coimbra : historical places ( october 7 , half day , 2 , 200 pte , including entrance fees ) tour 3 - nazare / batalha / fatima ( october 8 , full day , 5 , 800 pte including lunch ) tour 4 - conimbriga roman ruins ( october 9 , half day , 1 , 700 pte , including entrance fees ) social events ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ three social events are included in the social program : welcome party ( on october 6 ) , a special event ( on october 7 ) and a farewell dinner ( on october 9 ) . the welcome party and the farewell dinner are included in the conference fee , except for students for whom it is optional . the special event is not included in the conference fee . conference registration form ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ please fill in the registration form , which may be found at epia ' 97 web site , and mail or fax it with the corresponding conference fee to the epia ' 97 official address . the registration fee covers your attendance at the conference , the conference proceedings , a copy of the working notes for the workshops ( or tutorials ) you attend , coffee breaks , and the farewell dinner . method of payment ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ payments can be made by check to the order of epia ' 97 or by credit card ( visa , american express , mastercard and eurocard ) . all payments are in portuguese escudos ( pte ) . all refunds requests must be in writing and postmarked by september 15 , 1997 . a 7500 pte processing fee will be levied on all refunds granted . no refunds will be granted after this date . those registering as full-time students must include legible proof of their student status . conference proceedings and farewell dinner are not included when applying reduced conference fee for students . student scholarships ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a limited number of student scholarships is available . to apply , you must submit proof of your full-time student status in a degree-bearing program , such as a letter from your faculty advisor or a copy of your current registration receipt . note that student body cards will not suffice . these scholarships are intended to assist those who would not otherwise be able to attend the conference , and in particular , those students from the less well-off countries . to apply for a scholarship , please contact epia ' 97 at the official address given below . mailing list ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ we have set up an automated mailing list facility to easily distribute up to date information to those who wish to attend the conference . you may find instructions on how to add yourself to the mailing list at the epia ' 97 web site . insurance ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ the epia ' 97 committee can accept no liability for personal injuries , or for loss of or damage to property belonging to conference participants , either during or as a result of the conference . program committee ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ bernardete ribeiro ( portugal ) carlos bento ( portugal ) cristiano castelfranchi ( italy ) ernesto morgado ( portugal ) eugenio oliveira ( portugal ) gabriel pereira lopes ( portugal ) helder araujo ( portugal ) helder coelho ( portugal ) john self ( uk ) larry medsker ( usa ) luis moniz pereira ( portugal ) luis monteiro ( portugal ) manuela veloso ( usa ) miguel filgueiras ( portugal ) nuno mamede ( portugal ) oskar dressler ( germany ) pavel brazdil ( portugal ) pedro barahona ( portugal ) philippe dague ( france ) ramon de mantaras ( spain ) rosa vicari ( brazil ) stefano nolfi ( italy ) stuart shapiro ( usa ) takeo kanade ( usa ) xue mei wang ( usa ) yves kodratoff ( france ) conference & program co - chairs ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ernesto costa amilcar cardoso ( ernesto @ dei . uc . pt ) ( amilcar @ dei . uc . pt ) dep . eng . informatica universidade de coimbra - portugal sponsors ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ reitoria da universidade de coimbra companhia de seguros fidelidade junta nacional de investogacao cientifica e tecnologica ( jnict ) livraria julio figueiredo luso - american development foundation ( flad ) fundacao calouste gulbenkian dep . eng . informatica - uc conference official address ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ epia ' 97 dep . eng . informatica voice : + 351 ( 39 ) 7000004 universidade de coimbra - polo ii fax : + 351 ( 39 ) 701266 pinhal de marrocos email : epia97 @ alma . uc . pt 3030 coimbra , portugal url : http : / / alma . uc . pt / ~ epia97 / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * we envite you to visit the epia ' 97 web site at http : / / alma . uc . pt / ~ epia97 to find additional information on the conference and on coimbra and its historical university . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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 1775,""Subject: confs : 32nd colloquium of linguistics kassel
  
  32nd colloquium of linguistics all fields of linguistics september 17-19 , 1997 university of kassel germany > from now on you can get the newest information on the 32nd colloquium of linguistics in the www . our homepage will include the latest version of the programme , some important adresses and maps , and an application form for participation as an auditor : http : / / www . uni-kassel . de / fb9 / sprachw / lk / welcome . htm dr . ingo warnke fachbereich 09 germanistik universitaet kassel d-34109 kassel fon : + 49 561 804 3336 fax : + 49 561 804 2812 mail : warnke @ hrz . uni-kassel . de
 "",0
 1776,""Subject: new books in semantics , pragmatics , & philosophy of languages
  
  semantic analysis : a practical introduction cliff goddard , university of new england , australia ( oxford textbooks in linguistics ) semantic analysis is a lively and clearly written introduction to the study of meaning in language , and to the language - - culture connection . goddard covers traditional and contemporary issues and approaches with the relationship between semantics , conceptualization , and culture as a key theme . he also details a number of case studies that draw on a wide range of material from non - indo - european languages , particularly australian aboriginal languages and malay , on which the author is an authority . july 1998 432 pp . ; 25 linecuts 0-19 - 870016 - 4 paper $ 24 . 95 0-19 - 870017 - 2 cloth $ 76 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
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 1777,""Subject: new books in syntax and morphology
  
  prepositions and particles in english : a discourse - functional account elizabeth m . o'dowd , st michael 's college , vermont elizabeth m . o'dowd offers a new , discourse-functional account of the categories """" preposition """" and """" particle """" in english . she explains why certain words have membership in both categories , and solves many intriguing puzzles long associated with the syntax and semantics of these words . based on linguistic data extracted from a series of actual conversations , o'dowd provides new insights into how prepositions and particles are used , and how their meanings can change across different discourse contexts over time . july 1998 232 pp . 0-19 - 511102 - 8 $ 65 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
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 1778,""Subject: new title in grammaticalization
  
  john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new title in the field of grammaticalization : demonstratives in interaction the emergence of a definite article in finnish ritva laury ( california state university , fresno ) 1997 . viii , 294 pp . studies in discourse and grammar , 7 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 597 4 price : usd 69 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 3646 1 price : nlg 178 , - - this book concerns one of the paradigm examples of grammaticalization , the development of a definite article from a demonstrative determiner . although standard written finnish has no articles , the demonstrative se is currently emerging as a definite article in spoken finnish . this book describes and explains the developing use of se based on a database consisting of spoken narratives from three different periods spanning the last one hundred years . the author proposes that the development from demonstrative to article has its roots in the way that speakers ordinarily use demonstratives in conversation , and provides an analysis of the use of se and the two other finnish demonstratives , t \ 228m \ 228 and tuo in a corpus of multi-party conversations , showing that speakers of finnish use demonstratives to focus attention on important referents and to express and negotiate access to them in the interactive context of ongoing talk , and not primarily to talk about how near or far referents are . the development of se into a general marker of identifiability is shown to be connected with both the focusing function of demonstratives as well as its use for referents which the speaker considers accessible to the addressee . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
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 1779,""Subject: new book on the state of modern american linguistics
  
  the publishing house of moscow state university has just released a new 455 - page hard cover book in russian which is a collection of surveys on the state of modern american linguistics . """" fundamental trends of modern american linguistics """" ( """" fundamental ' nye napravlenija sovremennoj amerikanskoj lingvistiki """" ) is unique in its scope since it is the first ever comprehensive publication in russian which attempts to present diverse disciplines within american linguistics aimed at the russian - speaking audience . the book consists of three major parts : part i : generative grammar chapter 1 . brief history of the generative grammar ( john bailyn , suny at stony brook ) chapter 2 . a study of syntactic conditions in the generative grammar ( konstantin kazenin & yakov testelec , mgu ) chapter 3 . the generative grammar and the free word order problem ( natasha kondarshova , cornell university ) chapter 4 . the generative grammar and russian linguistics : aspect and case ( natal ' ja isakadze & irina kobozeva , mgu ) part ii : other formal theories : phonology , semantics , psycholinguistics , and acquisition chapter 5 . phonology ( katya zubritskaya , nyu ) chapter 6 . formal semantics ( roumyana izvorska , u of pennsylvania ) chapter 7 . psycholinguistics ( irina sekerina , u of pennsylvania ) chapter 8 . acquisition ( sergey avrutin , yale university ) part iii : functional and cognitive theories chapter 9 . functionalism ( andrey kibrik and vladimir plungjan , mgu ) chapter 10 . semantics in cognitive linguistics ( alan cienki , emory u ) chapter 11 . main concepts of cognitive semantics ( ekaterina rakhilina , viniti ) appendix : the grammaticala relevance of theme / rheme partition ( george fowler , indiana university ) index of languages index of terms the authors and the editors made every attempt to concisely and accurately translate the linguistic terms without which it is impossible to acquaint oneself with linguistic articles in the original . the reader will find russian translations and definitions of such syntactic terms as """" subjacency principle """" , """" spellout """" , """" island constraints """" , phonological terms such as """" underspecification theory """" , """" onset principle """" , """" the ocp """" , """" optimality theory """" , and many others included in the comprehensive 47 - page russian - english index . most of the phenomena discussed are illustrated with russian examples . please address your inquires to dr . irina sekerina at sekerina @ linc . cis . upenn . edu , an authorized representative . detailed information is posted at the following url : http : / / www . cis . upenn . edu / ~ sekerina / book . htm irina sekerina the institute for research in cognitive science university of pennsylvania
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 1780,""Subject: new book : using computers in linguistics
  
  john lawler ( university of michigan ) and helen aristar dry ( eastern michigan university ) , editors using computers in linguistics : a practical guide using computers in linguistics provides a non-technical introduction to recent developments in linguistic computing and offers specific guidance to the linguist or language professional who wishes to take advantage of them . written by expert contributors , each essay focuses on a different aspect of the interaction of computing and linguistics . features include : a glossary of technical terms , including acronyms ; chapter appendices which list and review relevant resources , such as books , software and urls ; more extensive and regularly updated appendices of resources on the world wide web : http : / / www . routledge . com / routledge / linguistics / using-comp . html table of contents john m . lawler and helen aristar dry - - introduction 1 . gary f . simons - - the nature of linguistic data and the requirements of a computing environment for linguistic research 2 . helen aristar dry and anthony rodrigues aristar - - the internet : an introduction 3 . henry rogers - - education 4 . susan hockey - - textual databases 5 . john m . lawler - - the unix language family 6 . evan l . antworthy and j . randolph valentine - - software for doing field linguistics 7 . james e . hoard - - language understanding and the emerging alignment of linguistics and natural language processing 8 . samuel bayer , john aberdeen , john burger , lynette hirschman , david palmer , and marc vilain - - theoretical and computational linguistics : toward a mutual understanding glossary bibliography conclusion 1998 / $ 22 . 99 / 320 pages 7 half tones , 54 line drawings pb 0 415 16793 0 / # d4813 [ can . pb $ 31 . 99 ] for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com available for review
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 1781,""Subject: workshop on complexity in language contact , acquisition and change
  
  newsletter 1 . workshop on complexity in language contact , acquisition and change . 8 september 1998 , paris , france . in colaboration with the cnrs ( centre national de recherche scientifique ) , the lot ( netherlands graduate school of linguistics ) is organizing some workshops to create a forum to encourage the discussion between researchers in linguistics from the netherlands and france . one of the workshops is initiated by members of the university of amsterdam and has as its subject : complexity in language contact , acquisition and change . the workshop will take place on tuesday the 8th of september , starting at 14 . 30 until approximately 20 . 00h . the theme although there is a kind of dogma that all natural languages are equally complex , at least for certain subsystems of language there may well be differences in complexity . in discussions of processes of language change and first and second language acquisition the notion of complexity plays an important role . especially in creole studies simplicity and complexity implicitly have been dominant issues in the debate , but are seldom properly scrutinized . in this workshop we want to discuss the role of complexity in these domains , including grammatical theory , first and second language acquisition , language change and language contact - in order to shed light on controversial problems invoked by the term complexity in linguistics in general . the structure of the workshop the workshop is organized around three themes : creole languages , language acquisition and language change . each theme will be discussed by researchers from france and the netherlands in 10 minutes presentations , inspired by the following propositions . after these short presentations there will be time for discussion in each session . 1 . all languages have the same """" costs / payment """" balance , i . e . if a language becomes phonologically more simple , its morphological system will become more complex . [ cf . haugen 1976 : 286 ] 2 . all complexity in languages resides in the lexicon . [ cf . aronoff 1995 ] 3 . languages spoken within small communities are more complex than languages of large communities . [ cf . whinnom 1980 , hymes 1971 , mhlhusler 1996 ] 4 . language shift will in general lead to simplification , while borrowing will lead generally to more complex structures . [ cf . thomason & kaufman 1988 ] 5 . complexity does not play a role in first language acquisition , but it does in second language acquisition . [ cf . trudgill 1992 ] 6 . grammaticalization leads to greater complexity . [ labov 1990 , bickerton 1981 ] programme 14 . 30 chair and opening pieter muysken ( university of amsterdam / leiden ) 14 . 35 : introduction hadewych van rheeden ( university of amsterdam ) wouter kusters ( university of amsterdam ) 14 . 55 : language acquisition elisabeth van der linden ( university of amsterdam ) daniel veronique ( universit de la sorbonne nouvelle , paris iii ) colette noyau ( universit de paris x ) peter coopmans ( university of utrecht ) 15 . 55 : break 16 . 15 : creoles jacques arends ( university of amsterdam ) adrienne bruyn ( university of amsterdam ) karl gadelii ( university of gteborg ) andree tabouret - keller ( universit de strasbourg ) 17 . 15 : break chair : to be announced 17 . 35 : language change marc van oostendorp ( university of amsterdam / leiden ) fred weerman ( university of utrecht ) colette feuillard ( universit ren descartes , paris v ) muriel norde ( university of amsterdam ) francoise gadet ( universit de paris x ) 19 . 00 : general discussion . 20 . 00 : drinks and dinner . please let us know if you are interested to join this workshop . if you need more information , just contact wouter kusters and / or hadewych van rheeden : wouter . kusters @ let . uva . nl h . a . van . rheeden @ let . uva . nl another workshop will be held on wednesday the 9th , on the subject of competing principles in learners varieties , organized within the same joint programme of lot and cnrs . these workshops are immediately followed by the eurosla 8 conference on second language acquisition . for more information on the eurosla 8 look at http : / / www . kun . nl / ttmb / news . html . in the next newsletter the exact location of the workshop will be announced .
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 1782,""Subject: books on semantics
  
  john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new title in the field of semantics : nominal classification in aboriginal australia marc harvey & nicholas reid ( eds . ) university of newcastle / university of new england 1997 . x , 296 pp . studies in language companion series , 37 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 848 5 price : usd 89 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 3040 4 price : nlg 178 , - - this volume aims to extend both the range of analyses and the database on nominal classification systems . previous analyses of nominal classification systems have focused on two areas : the semantics of the classification system and the role of the system in discourse . in many nominal classification systems , there appear to be a significant percentage of nominals with an arbitrary classification . there is a considerable body of literature aimed at elucidating the semantic bases of classification in such systems , thereby reducing the degree of apparent arbitrariness . contributors to this volume continue this line of enquiry , but also propose that arbitrariness in itself has a role from a wider socio-cultural perspective . previous analyses of the discourse role of classification systems posit that they play a significant role in referential tracking . for the languages surveyed in this volume , contributors propose that reference instantiation is an equally significant function , and indeed that reference instantiation and tracking cannot be properly divided from one another . this volume provides detailed information on classification in a number of northern australian languages , whose systems are otherwise poorly known . contents : introduction ; nominal classification and gender in aboriginal australia ; new guinea ' classificatory verbs ' and australian noun classification : a typological comparison ; head classes and agreement classes in the mayali dialect chain ; head and agreement classes : an areal perspective ; class and classifier in ngan ' gityemerri ; nominal classification in marrithiyel ; noun classes , nominal classification and generics in murrinhpatha . contributions by : mark harvey ; nicholas reid ; fransesca merlin ; steve powell robert ; alan rumsey ; nicholas evans ; ian green ; michael walsh . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
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 1783,""Subject: books on linguistic theory
  
  john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new title in the field of linguistic theory : linguistics in the netherlands 1997 jane coerts & helen de hoop ( eds . ) 1997 . x , 230 pp . avt publications , 14 us / canada : pb : 1 55619 221 5 price : usd 48 . 00 rest of the world : pb : 90 272 3157 5 nlg 88 , - - this volume contains a selection of papers presented at the twenty-eight annual meeting of the linguistic society of the netherlands , held in utrecht on january , is , 1997 . the aim of the annual meeting is to provide members of the society with an opportunity to report on their work in progress . at this year 's meeting fin papers were presented . the 19 papers in this volume present an overview of research in different fields of linguistics in the netherlands . it contains articles on phonetics , phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics , spelling , language acquisition and aphasia . contributions by : rene van bezooijen ; hans broekhuis ; tina cambier - langeveld ; eithne b . carlin ; onno crasborn ; joost dekkers ; marcel den dikken ; mirjam t . c . ernestus ; astrid ferdinand ; claire gronemeyer ; judith haan ; vincent van heuven ; els van der kooij ; anik liptk ; maarten mous ; iris mulders ; anneke neijt ; anneke nunn ; jos pacilly ; sharon peperkamp ; josep quer ; esterella de roo ; jan schroten ; rint sybesma ; ruben van de vijver ; guido vanden wyngaerd . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
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 1784,""Subject: lagb autumn meeting
  
  linguistics association of great britain autumn meeting 1998 : university of luton second circular the 1998 autumn meeting will be held from thursday 10 to saturday 12 september at the university of luton , at its park square campus , where the association will be the guests of the department of linguistics . the local organiser is vlad zegarac ( vladimir . zegarac @ luton . ac . uk ) . enquiries about the meeting should be addressed to : vlad zegarac , lagb 1998 , dept . of linguistics , university of luton , 75 castle street , luton , bedfordshire , lu1 3aj . the conference immediately follows the relevance theory workshop , which takes place at the university of luton from 8th to 10th of september ( for further information contact : s . nicolle @ mdx . ac . uk ) . accommodation : will be in the university halls of residence , within 5 - 7 minutes walking distance from the park square building where the talks will take place . all bedrooms are single . each bedroom is part of a flat , which consists of a bathroom , kitchen and five bedrooms . rooms will be allocated strictly on a """" first-come first-served """" basis . registration : will begin at 12 noon on thursday the 10th of september in the park square building . bar : a bar will be available every day during the conference . food : please indicate vegetarian and any other dietary requirements on the booking form below . childcare : if you require childcare during the conference , please contact the local organiser for further details . travel by train : there are direct trains to luton from london kings cross station and from gatwick airport . it takes five minutes to walk from the rail station to park square campus ( a map will be sent with your booking receipt ) . travel by car : if driving , take junction 10 off the m1 ; initially follow the sign for the a1081 ; from the next roundabout follow signs for town centre ; once you are near the town centre follow signs for park square / university of luton . parking : free parking will be available for all delegates . events : the henry sweet lecture 1998 on the thursday evening will be delivered by dan sperber ( cnrs , and crea , ecole polytechnique paris ) and is entitled relevance in an evolutionary perspective . dan sperber will also be participating in a workshop on experimental pragmatics on thursday afternoon and evening . the workshop is organised by billy clark ( middlesex university ) . other contributors are anne bezuidenhout ( south carolina ) , stephen newstead ( plymouth ) , steve nicolle ( middlesex ) , and ira noveck ( ecole polytechnique paris ) . there will be a language tutorial on roshani , a pamir language of the eastern iranian group of indo - european , given by john payne ( university of manchester ) . there will be a wine party on the thursday evening , following dan sperber 's lecture . bookings : should be sent to the local organiser , address above . there is a 10 % discount on bookings received by friday 21 august . cheques should be made payable to """" university of luton """" . programme thursday 10 september 1998 1 . 00 lunch 2 . 00 workshop on experimental pragmatics organiser : billy clark ( middlesex university ) with anne bezuidenhout ( south carolina ) , stephen newstead ( plymouth ) , steve nicolle ( middlesex ) , ira noveck ( ecole polytechnique paris ) , dan sperber ( cnrs , and crea , ecole polytechnique paris ) 3 . 30 tea 4 . 00 workshop continues 6 . 30 dinner 7 . 45 henry sweet lecture 1998 dan sperber ( cnrs , and crea , ecole polytechnique paris ) relevance in an evolutionary perspective friday 11 september 1998 session a 9 . 00 masako ohara ( essex ) """" mixed characteristics of verbal nouns in japanese """" 9 . 40 kensei sugayama ( kobe city ) """" japanese nqs and unaccusativity : from a wg point of view """" 10 . 20 jasper holmes ( ucl ) """" causing , changing and acting """" session b 9 . 00 a . sophia s . marmaridou ( athens ) """" conceptual metaphor and the relativity issue : the case of m . greek financial discourse """" 9 . 40 nathalie franken ( ulb ) """" towards a new definition of the act of communication """" 10 . 20 isao higashimori ( kobe college ) """" metaphor and metonymy in loanwords : relevance theory vs . lakovian cognitive semantics """" session c 9 . 00 kuniya nasukawa ( tohoku gakuin and ucl ) """" prenasalisation as a case of lenition """" 9 . 40 cecile de cat and bernadette plunkett ( york ) """" on the status of peripheral strong pronouns in early french """" 10 . 20 harald clahsen and sam featherston ( essex ) """" four accounts of ` trace reactivation ' : evidence from german scrambling """" 11 . 00 coffee 11 . 30 language tutorial : roshani john payne ( university of manchester ) 1 . 00 lunch session a 2 . 00 norio nasu ( ucl ) """" attract f and the status of spec - ip in infinitival clauses """" 2 . 40 seiki ayano ( durham ) """" multiple feature-checking and a double object construction in japanese """" 3 . 20 laura rupp ( essex ) """" ` inverted ' negative imperatives in english """" session b 2 . 00 christoph unger ( sli ) """" causality and relevance """" 2 . 40 anne furlong ( newfoundland ) """" the soul of wit : a relevance-theoretic approach """" 3 . 20 anna papafragou ( ucl ) """" possibility and concession """" session c 2 . 00 dick hudson ( ucl ) """" syncretism and the x - form """" 2 . 40 chet creider ( western ontario ) """" swahili verbal inflectional morphology in theoretical perspective """" 3 . 20 anne zribi - hertz ( paris-8 ) """" number specification and referentiality : a contrast between french and malagasy """" 4 . 00 tea 4 . 30 lagb business meeting 5 . 30 language tutorial continues 6 . 30 dinner 7 . 45 language tutorial continues saturday 12 september 1998 session a 9 . 00 shen yuan ( hong kong ) """" sentences with indefinite subjects and their information structures """" 9 . 40 mayumi masuko ( waseda ) """" valence reduction and lexical meaning """" 10 . 20 valia kordoni ( tbingen ) """" agentivity , causation , cliticization and psych verb constructions : at the syntax-lexical semantics interface """" session b 9 . 00 s j hannahs & maggie tallerman ( durham ) """" on getting ` the ' right in welsh """" 9 . 40 nedzad leko ( oslo ) """" syntactic versus semantic agreement in the oslo corpus of bosnian texts """" 10 . 20 john payne and erika chisarik ( manchester ) """" case - markers and postpositions : the hungarian problem """" session c 9 . 40 sam featherston , harald clahsen , thomas muente and matthias grosz ( essex ) """" raising and equi structures in hpsg and ppt : psycholinguistic evidence """" 10 . 20 chieko kuribara ( reading ) """" resetting or tactics ? : acquisition of functional category c by japanese learners of english """" 11 . 00 coffee session a 11 . 30 delia bentley and thrhallur eythrsson ( manchester ) """" ` have ' is not be """" 12 . 10 bernadette plunkett ( york ) """" locutionary inversion in modern french """" session b 11 . 30 s j hannahs ( durham ) """" unexceptional exceptions and french glides """" 1 . 00 lunch session a 2 . 00 roger maylor ( durham ) """" the german be - prefix : a case of incorporation """" 2 . 40 jim miller ( edinburgh ) """" what is a non-configurational language ? """" session b 2 . 00 april mcmahon ( cambridge ) """" expecting the unexpected : predictability and contingency in optimality theory """" 2 . 40 guy deutscher ( trinity ) """" the different faces of uniformitarianism """" 3 . 20 tea and close booking form please return this form , with your remittance , to : vlad zegarac , dept . of linguistics , university of luton , 75 castle street , luton , bedfordshire , lu1 3aj . please make cheques payable to """" university of luton """" . ( all prices are in pounds sterling ( """" stlg """" ) ) . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name : institution : address for this mailing : e-mail address : i enclose remittance as indicated ( select appropriate package ) : 1 . complete conference package : ( a ) including thursday lunch preceding workshop ( i ) if sent to arrive before 21 august 96 . 10 stlg . . . . . ( ii ) if sent to arrive after 21 august 104 . 00 stlg . . . . . ( b ) excluding thursday lunch ( i ) if sent to arrive before 21 august 87 . 10 stlg . . . . . ( ii ) if sent to arrive after 21 august 95 . 00 stlg . . . . . ( c ) surcharge for non-members , 5 . 00 stlg . . . . . total : . . . . . . . . 2 . selected items : ( a ) conference fee ( obligatory ) to cover cost of abstracts , tea and coffee , room bookings , speakers ' expenses etc . 15 . 00 stlg . . . . . . . . . . ( b ) thursday lunch 9 . 00 stlg . . . . . . . . . . ( c ) thursday dinner 9 . 00 stlg . . . . . . . . . . ( d ) b&b thursday / friday 22 . 00 stlg . . . . . . . . . . ( e ) friday lunch 9 . 00 stlg . . . . . . . . . . ( f ) friday dinner 9 . 00 stlg . . . . . . . . . . ( g ) b&b friday / saturday 22 . 00 stlg . . . . . . . . . . ( h ) saturday lunch 9 . 00 stlg . . . . . . . . . . sub-total : . . . . . . . . . . deduct 10 % if sent to arrive before 15 august . . . . . . . . . . ( i ) surcharge for non-members , 5-00 stlg . . . . . . . . . . total : . . . . . . . . . . 4 . abstracts only , for those not attending : 5-00 stlg uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-00 stlg overseas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tick to receive abstracts with your booking receipt : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tick if you would like vegetarian food : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . other special requirements ( e . g . diet , accommodation ) : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please indicate whether you are travelling by train . . . . . by car . . . . . . other . . . . . . . .
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 1785,""Subject: hil phonology 4 ( hilp 4 )
  
  call for papers : the fourth hil phonology conference ( hilp 4 ) january 28-30 , 1999 at leiden university , the netherlands organized by the holland institute of generative linguistics deadline for abstracts : 1 october 1998 contact : harry van der hulst and jeroen van de weijer e-mail : hilp4 @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl web site : http : / / www . leidenuniv . nl / hil / confs / hilp4 abstracts are invited in all areas of phonology , and particularly on the conference theme : """" how phonetic is phonology ? """" - what is the input to the phonetic component , e . g . in terms of abstractness ? - what is the role of phonology and what is the role of phonetics , and how do they interact ? besides the main conference , there will be three workshops . workshop themes will be : - the role of paradigmatic relations in phonology - lexical insertion and phonology - iconicity please submit six copies of an abstract of maximally three pages ( including examples and references ) before 1 october 1998 . only one of the abstracts should identify the author and his / her affiliation . the program will be announced on 1 november . selected papers will be published in a reviewed volume of proceedings . the contents of earlier volumes ( hil phonology papers i , ii and iii ) are listed on the web site : http : / / www . leidenuniv . nl / hil / various / publics / publics . htm please submit abstracts to : hilp 4 committee hil / atw p . o . box 9515 2300 ra leiden the netherlands abstracts submitted by e-mail before 1 october will be accepted on the condition that a hard copy follows with a week .
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 1786,""Subject: alt iii
  
  alt iii : announcement and call for papers the third international conference of the association for linguistic typology ( alt iii ) will be held at the university of amsterdam , from august 26 to august 29 , 1999 . the first day of the meeting will be devoted to a workshop on creoles . the local organizer for alt iii will be casper de groot , ifott / atw , spuistraat 210 , nl-1012 vt amsterdam , the netherlands . members and non-members wishing to present a paper at alt iii are asked to send six copies of a one-page abstract to the chair of the program committee , scott delancey ( address below ) , to reach him no later than march 1 , 1999 . a second page ( six copies ) may be attached to the abstract listing data . the program committee will , by may 1 , 1999 , convey its decision on acceptance of papers to those submitting abstracts . each abstract should include the author 's name ( or authors ' names ) and mailing address ( please , just one mailing address for multiple authors ) , including telephone , fax , and e-mail address as available . each abstract should specify the amount of time requested for the presentation , including discussion , which may be 30 , 45 , or 60 minutes . members may also submit abstracts for symposia , including the names of participants and the amount of time requested ( which may , of course , exceed 60 minutes ) . address for mailing abstracts : scott delancey department of linguistics university of oregon eugene , or 97403-1290 , usa for information on the association for linguistic typology contact : johan van der auwera university of antwerp ( uia ) linguistics ( ger ) b-2610 wilrijk , belgium fax : + 32 - 3-8202762 auwera @ uia . ua . ac . be
 "",0
 1787,""Subject: perceiving and performing gender
  
  perceiving and performing gender 4th symposium on gender research at kiel university , germany november 12-14 , 1998 the conference focuses on the central question : how do social perceptions alongside the behaviour of individuals contribute to the construction of gender ? - how do we interpret and assess women and men ? - which properties and modes of behaviour do we ascribe to each gender ? - are gender differences the result of a gendered behaviour , or do they base themselves on gender-stereotyped expectations ? this symposium opens the possibility of discussing these and other questions in a cross-disciplinary and international perspective . keynote speakers prof . dr . jutta allmendinger institut fur soziologie ludwig - maximilian - universitat munchen prof . dr . mahzarin r . banaji department of psychology yale university prof . dr . j . richard hackman department of psychology harvard university prof . dr . thomas laqueur department of history university of california , berkeley prof . dr . donald g . mackay department of psychology university of california , los angeles prof . dr . anthony mulac department of communication university of california , santa barbara prof . dr . rosanne stone advanced communication technologies laboratory department of radio - tv - film the university of texas call for papers in addition to the presentations by the keynote speakers , we are accepting papers on further topics . interested researchers should send us a brief abstract of their proposed presentation . this abstract should be written in either english or german and be no longer than one typewritten page . of those papers accepted to the symposium , several will be chosen for publication in a collection of highlights from the conference . language the symposium will be conducted in both english and german . presentations and comments can be formulated and contributed in either language . deadlines proposal abstracts must be received by zif no later than 30 april 1998 . registration deadline for the symposium is 1 october 1998 . fees registration costs dm 120 . this price is reduced to dm 30 for students and umemployed academics . for registration and further information please contact : susanne oelkers , m . a . zif centre for interdisciplinary research on women and gender christian albrecht university tel . : ( german code ) ( 0 ) 431 57949 51 olshausenstr . 40 fax : ( german code ) ( 0 ) 57949 50 d-24098 kiel email : < oelkers @ zif . uni-kiel . de > germany
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 1788,""Subject: tanlps workshop : final call for paper
  
  tanlps workshop : final call for papers held at the european conference on machine learning ( ecml ' 98 ) , chemnitz , germany 21-24 april 1998 ( www address : http : / / www . tu-chemnitz . de / informatik / ecml98 / ) . tanlps towards adaptive nlp - driven systems : linguistic information , learning methods and applications 24 april 1998 organized by : r . basili , m . t . pazienza ( university of roma , tor vergata , italy ) since most of its applications , from syntactic to semantic , are lexicon driven , systematic and reliable acquisition on a large scale of linguistic information is the real challenge to natural language processing ( nlp ) . empiricist view on natural language processing and learning has become recently more attractive for a wider research community : computational linguistics , artificial intelligence , psychology then seemed to converge on a specific data-oriented perspective aiming to overcome the traditional knowledge acquisition bottleneck . it has been often noted that the limited attention paid by the machine learning community to text and speech data seems unjustified . it is thus more and more evident that empirical learning of natural language processing ( nlp ) can alleviate the nlp main problem by means of a variety of methods for the automatic induction of lexical knowledge . lexical knowledge is often hard to compile by hand , and even harder to port and reuse . nlp application systems still have a low impact on real world problems , mainly due to the costs related to reusability and customization of the required lexicons . in particular , changes in the domain causes changes in the lexical information required in the underlying natural language . empirical , symbolic machine learning methods can be perfectly suited for this task like automatic acquisition and adaptation of this knowledge . rule induction , symbolic approaches to clustering , lazy learning , and inductive logic programming , have been already proposed by a growing community that is entering the challenge for theoretical ( i . e . methodological ) and application purposes a variety of techniques seems to be combined in order to successfully design realistic inductive systems for text processing : the target of this research is to define methods and design principles for systems combining linguistic and lexical learning capabilities for large scale language processing tasks . this is what we mean with adaptive nlp - driven systems . within this research task , some issues can favour a synergistic process between nlp and ml areas : the access to large data sets , that are even increasing over time , due to the telematics facilities available nowadays ; extending the set of typical classes of ml problems to other hard cases ( particularly dense in the nlp processes ) ; adding inductive capabilities to nlp system for tasks related to specific applications ( i . e . information extraction ) . the proposed workshop thus aims at stimulating reasearch and discussion on the following aspects : - establishing results and evidencies on the suitability of different ml paradigms on specific levels of representation of lexical knowledge ( morphology , syntax , linguistic inference among others ) - comparison of the quantitative approaches to lexical acquisition with empirical symbolic methods - stimulating discussion on cognitive perspective of some models within a plausible architecture for language processing and learning - establishing results on the applicability of the extracted / induce knowledge within nlp systems , with respect to assessed evaluation criteria , typical of the ml and language engineering ( le ) area - case studies on adaptive nlp systems , i . e . effective nlp systems integrating linguistic inferences with inductive capabilities ( www kb at cmu , ecran , . . . ) , - critical review of existing experiences on adaptive nlp systems - establishing guidelines for an evaluation framework of adaptive nlp systems : accuracy of the linguistic process , robustness of the induction process , . . . - promote cooperation among research groups in europe and usa to exchange ideas , data and tools for design and experiment architectures for adaptive nlp systems related events a parallel workshop will be also held in the ecml conference : """" text mining """" organized by yves kodratoff . although close in intent and topics , the two workshops have a specific """" identity """" in terms of area of research , multidisciplinary aspects and contributions . so , in order to enhance the discussion and the synergistic contributions to the two independent approaches , submissions covering common problems ( i . e . adaptive data mining from textual data ) will undergo a specific review , in cooperation with the other workshop pc . in fact , a joint ( half day ) session on specific borderline topics as well as on existing ( hybrid ) systems has been planned and a subset of the accepted papers will be presented there . a particular effort will be asked to authors for stressing / enhancing synergistic aspects . the program committee will suggest guidelines to compare / generalize / extend individual contributions in this specific perspective . workshop format : the workshop is expected to cover the whole day . in the first session , apart from an invited talk , we expect to cover methodological issues . papers related to advanced research on suitability of learning paradigms for the different target lexical information will be favoured . prototypical examples in this area are studies on empirical learning of tasks like pos tagging , induction of grammatical information , symbolic learning of word sense disambiguation criteria and lexical semantic information . a panel discussion is expected to close the morning session and focus on principles of suitability for learning paradigms vs . lexical levels . in the second session we expect to stimulate participants to cover application areas , like ir and ie , on original research works that are currently under development in several research centres in europe ( sheffield , tilburg , rome tor vergata and torino universities ) . a panel discussion on the implication of the adaptive paradigm on existing and potential nlp systems will close the workshop . program committee r . basili ( university of roma , tor vergata , italy ) m . craven ( carnegie mellon university , usa ) w . daelemans ( university of tilburg , nederlands ) m . t . pazienza ( university of roma , tor vergata , italy ) l . saitta ( university of torino , italy ) c . samuelssonn ( bell labs , at&t , usa ) y . wilks ( university of sheffield , uk ) paper submission : = = = = = = = = = = = = papers should not exceed 3000 words or 6 pages . hard copy submission : three copies of the paper should be sent to : roberto basili department of computer science , systems and production university of roma , tor vergata via di tor vergata 00133 roma ( italy ) e-mail : basili @ info . utovrm . it electronic submission : electronic submission may be in either self-contained postscript or rtf formats , to basili @ info . utovrm . it for each submission - - whether hard copy or electronic - - a separate plain ascii text email message should be sent to roberto basili , containing the following information : # name : name of first author # title : title of the paper # pages : number of pages # files : name of file ( if attachments are submitted electronically ) # note : any relevant instructions # keys : keywords # email : email of the first author # abstr : abstract of the paper . . . . . . important dates : workshop final call for papers : 20 january 1998 papers due : 20 february 1998 notification of acceptance : 5 march 1998 final version due : 25 march 1998 workshop : 24 april 1998 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - roberto basili department of computer science , systems and production university of roma , tor vergata via di tor vergata 00133 roma ( italy ) e-mail : basili @ info . utovrm . it tel : + 39 - 6 - 7259 7391 fax : + 39 - 6 - 7259 7460 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",0
 1789,""Subject: cimca ' 99
  
  final call for paper international conference on computational intelligence for modelling , control and automation cimca ' 99 17-19 february 1999 vienna - austria http : / / www-gscit . fcit . monash . edu . au / conferences / cimca99 14 august 1998 deadline for submission of extended abstract honorary chair : lotfi a . zadeh , university of california , usa general chair : masoud mohammadian , monash university ( australia ) second call for papers the international conference on computational intelligence for modelling , control and automation will be held in vienna , austria on 17-19 february 1999 . the conference provides a medium for the exchange of ideas between theoreticians and practitioners to address the important issue in computational intelligence , modelling , control and automation . the conference will consist of both plenary sessions and contributory sessions , focusing on theory , implementation and applications of computational intelligence techniques to modelling , control and automation . for contributory sessions , extended abstract papers are being solicited . several well-known keynote speakers will address the conference . topics include , but are not limited to , the following area : modern and advanced control strategies : neural networks control , fuzzy logic control , genetic algorithms & evolutionary control , model - predictive control , adaptive and optimal control , intelligent control systems , robotics and automation , fault diagnosis , intelligent agents , industrial automations hybrid systems : fuzzy evolutionary systems , fuzzy expert systems , fuzzy neural systems , neural genetic systems , neural - fuzzy - genetic systems , hybrid systems for optimisation data analysis , prediction and model identification : signal processing , prediction & time series analysis , system identification , data fusion and data mining , knowledge discovery , intelligent information systems , image processing , image understanding , parallel computing applications in identification & control , pattern recognition , clustering , classification decision making and information retrieval : case - based reasoning , decision analysis , intelligent databases & information retrieval , dynamic systems modelling , decision support systems , multi - criteria decision making , qualitative and approximate - reasoning modelling paper submission papers will be selected based on their originality , significance , correctness , and clarity of presentation . four copies of extended abstract ( 500-800 word ) should be submitted to the following address : cimca ' 99 secretariat school of computing & information technology monash university gippsland campus switchback rd , churchill 3842 victoria , australia extended abstract should present original work , which has not been published or being reviewed for other conferences . important dates 14 august 1998 deadline for submission of extended abstract 21 september 1998 notification of acceptance 23 november1998 deadline for camera-ready copies of accepted papers 17-19 february 1999 conference sessions special sessions and tutorials special sessions and tutorials will be organised at the conference . the conference is calling for special sessions and tutorial proposals . all proposals should be sent to the conference chair before november 23rd , 1998 . cimca ' 99 will also include a special poster session devoted to recent work and work-in - progress . abstracts are solicited for this session ( 3 pages limit ) may be submitted up to 30 days before the conference date . invited sessions keynote speakers from academia and industry will be addressing the main issues of the conference . international program committee : h . adeli , the ohio state university , usa b . kosko , university of southern california , usa a . kandel , university of south florida , usa t . fukuda , nagoya university , japan t . baeck , informatic centrum dortmund , germany j . bezdek , university of west florida , usa k . hirota , tokyo institute of technology , japan g . dorffner , university of vienna , austria e . oja , helsinki university of technology , finland w . pedrycz , university of manitoba , canada x . yao , the university of new south wales , adfa , australia h . r . berenji , nasa ames research center , usa r . c . eberhart , purdue university , usa a . y . zomaya , university of western australia , australia t . shibata , miti , ministry of international trade and industry , japan h . liljenstrom , royal institute of technology , sweden f . herrera , university of granada , spain a . bulsari , ab nonlinear solutions oy , finland b . bignall , monash university , australia j . d . pinter , dalhousie university , canada v . piuri , politecnico di milano , italy t . furuhashi , nagoya university , japan a . aamodt , norwegian university of science and technology , norway t . yamakawa , kyushu institute of technology , japan l . guan , university of sydney , australia j . fernandez de caete , university of malaga , spain w . duch , nicholas copernicus , university , poland e . tulunay , middle east technical university , turkey c . kuroda , tokyo institute of technology , japan international liaison : canada and usa liaison : j . d . pinter , dalhousie university , canada europe liaison : r . john , de montfort university , uk z . pahlavani , avip , austria local arrangements and public relation : zohra pahlavani , avip , austria christina meier , australia publicity : henry selvaraj monash university ( australia ) robert john , de montfort university ( uk ) publication : baikunth nath , monash university , australia masoud mohammadian , ( chair ) , monash university , australia j . d . pinter , dalhousie university , canada visits and social events sightseeing visits will be arranged for the delegates and guests . a separate program will be arranged for companions during the conference . for further information either contact cimca99 @ fcit . monash . edu . au or see the conference homepage at : http : / / www-gscit . fcit . monash . edu . au / conferences / cimca99
 "",0
 1790,""Subject: spanish in the united states conference
  
  preliminary announcement and call for papers : 17th conference on spanish in the united states florida international university miami , florida march 11 , 12 , 13 , 1999 keynote speakers : to be announced in fall 1998 abstracts for twenty-minute papers are invited on the following general topics related to spanish in the united states : language policy and planning , language variation , discourse analysis , language maintenance and shift , language attitudes , testing , heritage language education , language in public life . persons interested in presenting a paper at the conference are requested to submit five copies of a one-page abstract of the paper . the abstract should be accompanied by a separate page stating the title of the paper , your name , affiliation , institutional address , your telephone numbers , including fax , and e-mail , and the address at which you wish to receive a notification concerning acceptance of the paper . please do not identify yourself on the abstract itself . abstracts must be received by october 19 , 1998 . queries and abstracts should be addressed to : dr . ana roca , conference chair department of modern languages deuxieme maison 498a florida international university university park miami , fl 33199 305-348 - 2046 rocaa @ fiu . edu ( please post and share ) hotel information : full information will be posted in fall 1998 in the linguist list . we have made definite arrangements with the david william hotel and the biltmore hotel ( in coral gables ) . conference participants can stay at the david william hotel at a negotiated rate of $ 99 / night and will have all privileges at the biltmore hotel ( a luxury hotel in a historic building ) because both hotels are under the same management and coorporation now . the biltmore is only about four or five blocks away and you can walk or take the hotel shuttle there . the conference will be held at the biltmore and at florida international university . if you wish to make early reservations , call the david william hotel at 305-445 - 7821 and mention that it is for fiu 's """" spanish in the u . s . """" conference march 11-13 , 1999 at the agreed upon rate . space is limited . note : queries will be answered as soon as possible after august 16 , 1998 and a conference registration form will be posted soon and can also be mailed to you as early as fall 1998 at the start of the new academic year .
 "",0
 1791,""Subject: multilinguality workshop
  
  ecai98 second multilinguality in the lexicon workshop august 25th 1998 a workshop held as part of the 13th biennial european conference on artificial intelligence ( ecai-98 ) august 23rd - 28th , 1998 , brighton , uk organising committee : lynne cahill ( university of sussex ) susan armstrong ( issco ) pierette bouillon ( issco ) roger evans ( itri , university of brighton ) web site : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 / tw / w13 . html the 1st multilinguality in the lexicon workshop took place in april 1996 as part of the aisb workshop series at sussex , and brought together researchers with a wide range of experiences in multilingual lexicon development . this second mll workshop will follow up on some of the work presented there , as well as introducing other work on multilinguality in the lexicon . the workshop will run for one day as part of ecai-98 in brighton , uk . there will be two blocks of three papers , each followed by a led discussion session . programme : 9 . 30 pierrette bouillon & federica busa ` a verb like """" attendre """" : the point of view of """" generative lexicon """" ' 10 . 15 helge dyvik ` translations as semantic mirrors ' 11 . 00 coffee 11 . 30 evelyne viegas ` multilinguality and genericity in syntagmatic relations ' 12 . 15 discussion 1 . 00 lunch 2 . 00 manfred stede ` particles : particularly problematic for multilingual nlp ' 2 . 45 lynne cahill ` automatic extension of a hierarchical multilingual lexicon ' 3 . 30 tea 4 . 00 john bateman & serge sharoff ` multilingual grammars and multilingual lexicons for multilingual text generation ' 4 . 45 discussion 5 . 30 close further information : to obtain further information about ecai-98 and the workshop please visit the ecai-98 web site at http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 /
 "",0
 1792,""Subject: 3rd intl conf on maintenance and loss of minority langs
  
  third international conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands november 26 - november 27 , 1998 programme the conference will consist of three sections . the first section addresses the sociological and social-psychological explanatory context in which language shift processes take place . the second section deals with language attrition from a psycholinguistic perspective , and the third is fully devoted to the building of an integrated explanatory framework for processes of language shift and loss . in memory of willem fase , one of the initiators of the first and second conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages , who died in 1997 , a new forum called the willem fase lecture has been set up . this plenary lecture forum will be granted to a promising scholar , to be selected from the abstracts submitted . thursday , november 26 , 1998 08 . 30-09 . 30 registration at koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands tea / coffee 09 . 30-10 . 00 conference opening section i : language shift from a sociological and social-psychological perspective 10 . 00-11 . 00 plenary session : lesley milroy 11 . 00-12 . 00 plenary session : richard bourhis 12 . 00-13 . 00 lunch 13 . 00-13 . 45 parallel sessions of free papers 13 . 45-14 . 30 parallel sessions 14 . 30-15 . 15 parallel sessions 15 . 15-16 . 00 tea / coffee section ii : language loss from a psycholinguistic perspective 16 . 00-17 . 00 plenary session : kees de bot 17 . 00-17 . 45 parallel sessions 17 . 45-18 . 30 parallel sessions 19 . 00-20 . 30 dinner friday , november 27 , 1998 section ii continued : language loss from a psycholinguistic perspective 08 . 30-09 . 30 plenary session : joel walters 09 . 30-10 . 15 parallel sessions 10 . 15-10 . 45 tea / coffee 10 . 45-11 . 30 plenary session : willem fase lecture 11 . 30-12 . 30 concluding remarks on section i and ii by joshua fishman 12 . 30-13 . 30 lunch section iii : towards an integrated explanatory framework for processes of language shift and loss 13 . 30-15 . 30 preparatory workshops 15 . 30-16 . 00 tea / coffee 16 . 00-17 . 30 round table chaired by michael clyne general information conference secretariat tilburg university research group on language and minorities c / o heleen strating - keurentjes p . o . box 90153 nl-5000 le tilburg the netherlands tel : + 31 13 4662588 fax : + 31 13 4663110 e - mail : language . loss . 98 @ kub . nl organizing committee - dr . ton ammerlaan , arnhem school of business - madeleine hulsen , university of nijmegen - dr . jetske klatter - folmer , institute for the deaf / tilburg university - heleen strating - keurentjes , tilburg university - piet van avermaet , university of leuven - dr . kutlay yagmur , tilburg university scientific committee - prof . kees de bot , university of nijmegen - prof . michael clyne , monash university , melbourne - prof . joshua fishman , stanford university , california / yeshiva university , new york - prof . koen jaspaert , university of leuven - dr . sjaak kroon , tilburg university location the conference will be held at koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands . this modern conference center is situated in forested areas , only fifteen minutes from the city of eindhoven and eindhoven airport . all rooms have a shower , toilet , television and telephone . koningshof offers a wide range of indoor and outdoor sports and leisure facilities , including a swimming pool , sauna , fitness club and squash court . registration and fees for registration , all participants ( including authors of submitted abstracts of papers ) are requested to mail the attached registration form before august 1 , 1998 . the registration fees are : dfl 460 conference programme and full board , after july 1 , 1998 . dfl 285 conference programme , after july 1 , 1998 . please add an additional dfl 10 to cover international transfer charges if subscribing from abroad . the fee for the programme covers the conference fee , lunches on thursday and friday , tea / coffee during breaks , and the foreseen conference publication . the fee for full board additionally covers a single-room accommodation for one night including breakfast at koningshof conference center on thursday / friday as well as dinner on thursday . you will receive confirmation of registration , and the final programme at the end of august , 1998 . those who arrive earlier or wish to stay longer must take care of further accommodations themselves . they can contact the conference secretariat . payment of fees all payments should reach us ultimately by august 1 , 1998 ( see registration and fees ) . fees should be paid in dutch guilders to : kub / flw , postbank account number 2386602 , mentioning ' code 1 . 8210 . w334 ' . cancellations the conference secretariat should be notified of cancellations in writing . if cancellations are received before august 1 , 1998 all fees , minus a cancellation charge of 25 % will be refunded . if cancelled after august 1 , but before september 1 , 1998 the cancellation charge will be 50 % . no refunds will be made for cancellations received later than september 1 , 1998 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration form third international conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages , koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands , november 26 - november 27 , 1998 . please fill out completely and return to the conference secretariat before august 1 , 1998 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ o male / o female name , initials : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . first name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . institution : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mailing address : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tel . / fax : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e - mail : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please register me for : o conference programme and full board , after july 1 , 1998 . dfl 460 o conference programme , after july 1 , 1998 . dfl 285 i hereby confirm that the fees have been remitted to the kub / flw account ( see payment of fees ) . special requests or requirements : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . place / date : signature :
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 1793,""Subject: errors in language learning .
  
  james , carl . ( 1998 ) . errors in language learning and use : exploring error analysis . london : longman . isbn 0 582 25763 - 8 ( paperback ) . rrp : 14 . 99 . the analysis of errors in cognitive , linguistic and other psychological processes has a long history dating back to the introduction of signal detection theory in psychophysics and behavioural learning paradigms . although many applied linguists now favour interlanguage paradigms for second-language acquisition , error analysis ( ea ) is still widely used in language classes . the attraction of ea lies in one 's ability to isolate variability in responses , such as distinguishing true errors from """" mistakes """" , which simple """" correct / incorrect """" paradigms tend to discard . in this new book on ea in language learning and usage , carl james builds on his earlier work on contrastive analysis and applied linguistics to further explore the role that performance errors play in language acquisition ( particularly second-language acquisition ) . the book consists of a historical overview of ea in applied linguistics , and then embarks on an ambitious attempt to both define and constrain the scope and methodology of ea in language processing and language learning . this methodology includes typologies for classifying and understanding how errors arise , as well as algorithmic specifications for the diagnosis and error correction in clinical and educational settings . the first chapter aims to give a historical overview of ea in the context of its origins , its inspirations , its competitors , and its influences on second language teaching . james defines an error as """" an unsuccessful bit of language """" ( p . 1 ) which seems to be as succinct and compact a description as i ' ve ever read ! however , this very readable style of writing , whilst appearing informal , is maintained through later chapters where discussion of technical issues could easily have been obfuscated by a poor writing style . first - and second-order paradigms within language learning are described in detail in this chapter , with the interlanguage and crosslinguistic approaches compared with alternatives such as ea and contrastive analysis . idiosyncratic and language-specific difficulties in language learnability are also covered in the context of linguistic change and metalinguistic influences on successful language acquisition . several methods for collecting data in ea are informally introduced in this chapter ( e . g . , error elicitations such as the """" broad trawl """" ) , which naturally leads into the second chapter on defining the scope of ea in language acquisition . the second chapter begins with an enlightening discussion of popular conceptions of what """" proper """" language is ( such as the king 's english ) , and catalogues the many failed attempts to enforce a """" correct """" dialect of english both in britain and asia ( the """" complaints """" tradition ) . this issue is clearly relevant for defining exactly what an error is , given the absolutist attributions made by some educators and policy makers about the tenability or correctness of certain forms of spoken and written english ( i . e . , """" standard """" english ) . james outlines some typologies for understanding language norms based on geographical and historical constraints , but correctly identifies deficiencies in these schemes ( particularly the failure , for example , to understand the role of colonialism in language preferences ) . this issue is taken up with respect to the issue of power and authority of native speakers with respect to non-native speakers of english , and conversely how the desire to speak a second language can unwittingly result in language loss and native - language change . chapters 3 , 4 and 5 focus on the definition and description of errors within the ea paradigm , having defined the focus of the ea methodology in the previous chapters . james begins by defining learners ' ignorance of a target language in terms of four categories of deviance : grammaticality , acceptability , correctness and strangeness . it is a clear advantage of the authors ' approach to ea that both grammatical / rational and performance / empirical approaches to language acquisition are covered by his typology , thus not """" taking sides """" with one viewpoint or the other . this rationale is based on the idea that ea is a methodology rather than a theoretical prescription . this focus continues with a discussion of error detection methods , in the context of locating and describing such errors in different parts of speech and indeed with respect to discourses longer than single sentences or phrases . the importance of a pluralistic approach which is tolerant of differences in dialects is emphasised , whilst ensuring that objective and stationary criteria are applied to utterances and writing within each dialect group . error taxonomies , such as feature and surface structure approaches , are outlined in detail with worked examples , which are one of the key design features of the authors ' pedagogical approach . computer - assisted analysis of errors is also discussed , as are specific algorithmic approaches to rating levels of error in lexical and grammatical processes . the next two chapters focus on diagnosing errors and evaluating their seriousness and impact for second-language learners in particular . possible negative influences , such as interlingual errors arising from conflicts between the target language and mother tongue , are treated in detail , as are intralingual errors and inconsistencies which the non-native speaker encounters for the first time in the target language , such as over-generalisations and false analogies . in addition , the role of culture in influencing and perhaps determining some aspects of linguistic behaviour is discussed , for example , how native speakers might """" gate """" a non-native speaker . error gravity and comprehensibility are also covered , as are some amusing examples given for """" the irritation factor """" . the sociopragmatic consequences of error production in social situations , and the potentially negative outcomes for non-native speakers , are also discussed . chapter 8 discusses pragmatic strategies for using ea to correct errors in speech and writing for second language learners . these are enhanced by a number of case studies presented in chapter 9 . the issues covered in these last two chapters are non-trivial for applied linguistics : is second - language teaching effective ? if so , which approaches are best suited to particular kinds of students ? are formal / grammatical or informal / conversational approaches superior ? although james provides no magic answers for any of these questions , he does present a coherent methodology for answering these kinds of questions for individual situations , which is the great appeal of this book . this book would be suitable as an undergraduate or graduate text in applied linguistics or tesl programmes , but will be an invaluable reference for researchers in related fields such as psycholinguistics and machine translation , who might be searching for a more formal methodology for understanding error production in their respective fields . this book will be an indispensable addition to every linguist 's library . reviewed by : paul a . watters , department of computing , school of mathematics , physics , computing and electronics , macquarie university nsw 2109 , australia . tel . : + 61 - 2-9850 - 9541 ; fax : + 61 - 2-9850 - 9551 ; e - mail : pwatters @ mpce . mq . edu . au . paul a . watters is a research officer at macquarie university in australia , and is currently working on computational representations of semantics in models of language and speech production , as well as developing pragmatic approaches to machine translation . he is an associate editor of the south pacific journal of psychology .
 "",0
 1794,""Subject: new book : phonetics , phonology
  
  please post the following book : ladd , d . robert ( university of edinburgh ) ; intonational phonology ; isbn : 0-521 - 47575 - 9 ; paperback ; 6 x 9 ; 349 pp . ; pub . date : 01 / 13 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 23 . 95 ; intonation is becoming increasingly prominent in areas from phonology to speech recognition . ladd gives an exceptionally clear overview of the key ideas of pierrehumbert 's autosegmental-metrical theory to intonational phonology , and discusses alternative approaches . he also looks critically at the version put forward by generativists , and offers his own solutions . this book will appeal to phonologists as an original contribution , and will be welcomed by students and researchers , who will find in it the ideal overview of recent work . ; contents : 1 . introduction to intonational phonology ; 2 . fundamental concepts of the autosegmental-metrical theory ; 3 . phonological representation of pitch in the am theory ; 4 . cross - language comparison of intonation ; 5 . patterns of prominence ; 6 . prosodic structure ; 7 . ! pitch range . ; order info : www . cup . org / order . html
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 1795,""Subject: books on pragmatics
  
  john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new titles in the field of pragmatics : handbook of pragmatics manual & annual supplements jef verschueren , jan - ola ostman , jan blommaert & chris bulcaen ( university of antwerp / university of helsinki ) manual 1994 . xiv , 658 pp . us / canada : hb : 1-55619 - 503 - 6 price : usd 160 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 5081 2 price : nlg 320 , - - supplement 1995 . 336 pp . + binder us / canada : 1-55619 - 511 - 7 price : usd 97 . 00 rest of the world : 90 272 2157 x price : 194 , - - supplement 1996 . vi , 268 pp . us / canada : 1 55619 512 5 price : usd 79 . 00 rest of the world : 90 272 2158 8 price : nlg 158 , - - supplement 1997 . ca . 320 pp . us / canada : 1 55619 527 3 price : usd 89 . 00 rest of the world : 90 272 2173 1 price : nlg 178 , - - the handbook of pragmatics aims to provide easy access for scholars with widely divergent backgrounds but with convergent interests in the use and functioning of language to the different topics , traditions and methods which together make up the field of pragmatics , broadly conceived as """" the cognitive , social and cultural study of language and communication """" . the handbook of pragmatics will be an annually updated state-of - the-art publication . the main body of the handbook will be produced in loose-leaf format in a handsome 3 - ring binder and will be accompanied by a bound manual , which will contain all necessary background information and user guidelines . this manual will be the first installment of the handbook . within the subsequent five years , the loose-leaf handbook will form the basis of the handbook proper giving an overview of the sub-fields , traditions , methodologies and concepts of pragmatics . after this phase , the handbook will continue to be expanded , topics will be dealt with in depth and updated annually . the project is thus a unique work of reference that guarantees to be always a state-of - the-art source book for researchers . current issues in relevance theory villy rouchota and andreas h . jucker ( eds ) 1998 . xii , 368 pp . pragmatics & beyond ns 58 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 821 3 price : usd 75 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 5072 3 price : nlg 150 , - - the eleven original papers collected in this volume address themselves to some of the central issues in the relevance theoretic research programme since the 1995 publication of the second edition of sperber and wilson 's relevance . communication and cognition . several papers investigate the distinction between conceptual and procedural meaning in order to account for the semantics of discourse connectives , for the role of intonation in utterance interpretation , and for focus phenomena . other papers explore the role of the relevance theoretic notion of metarepresentation in utterance interpretation and prove its usefulness in the study of both linguistic topics such as epistemic modality and conditional clauses , and in the reanalysis of literary issues such as verbal humour . some of the central pragmatic issues dealt with are the interpretation of semantically underdetermined linguistic forms , the role and nature of pragmatic inference , the distinction between truth-conditional and non-truth - conditional meaning and the separation between explicitly and implicitly communicated meaning . the theory 's application to sociolinguistic topics is assessed and developed in an inspired account of phatic communication ; and the theory 's usefulness in accounting for certain types of """" grammatical """" constraints is explored in relation to certain restrictions in the interpretation of indefinite descriptions . contributions by : richard breheny ; carmen curco ; victoria escandell - vidal ; thorstein fretheim ; corinne iten ; manuel leonetti ; eun - ju noh ; anna papafragou ; villy rouchota and andreas h . jucker ; michiko takeuchi ; vladimir zegarac . bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
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 1796,""Subject: varieties of english
  
  second international conference on major varieties of english maven ii lincoln university campus , england september 9-11 , 1999 conference theme : the english language today : functions and representations plenary speakers include : nicholas coupland eric fudge salikoko mufwene the main aim of the conference is to profile the changing global presenceof english and the resulting effects on developments and changes in the language today . paper proposals are invited on all aspects of the use of major varieties of english today , in particular on the following themes : formal and functional developments and changes in english mediated uses of english international profile of english english and corporate culture english language in literature english and world communication competing target varieties fo learners text and corpus analysis etc . submission of paper proposals abstracts of paper proposals should be no more than 250 words in length , and should be double spaced . please submit three copies , one with name , affiliation and personal details ( address for correspondence , phone / fax numbers , e . mail address ) . please mention at the bottom what area or theme you believe your abstract covers ( e . g . pragmatics , media language , dialectology , political sociology etc . ) send abstracts to reach no later than dec . 15 , 1998 to : p . b . nayar faculty of arts and technology lincoln university campus brayford pool lincoln , ls6 7ts united kingdom abstracts may also be submitted as an attachment to e . mail ( one copy with all information required ) to : pnayar @ ulh . ac . uk papers should be targeted for a half-hour slot , of which at least 10 minutes will be reserved for post-presentation discussion . so the available time for actual paper presentation will be 20 minutes . notification of acceptance will be made by march 15 , 1998 lincoln university has an attractive , modern campus with excellent facilities , on a scenic location in the historic cathedral city of lincoln . lincoln is well connected by rail and road from london ( 120 miles ) manchester ( 90 miles ) and nottingham ( 40 miles ) . accommodation the registration package includes two nights in very modern , comfortable on-campus rooms with ensuite bath and self-catering facilities at very moderate prices . an additional night will cost 15 . there are also several hotels in the city within walking distance from the campus . the cost ranges from 50 to 80 per night . registration full conference package : registration + on campus accommodation for two nights + two breakfasts 150 registarion only : 120 daily registration : 45 conference dinner on 10 / 9 / 99 25 ( optional ) all rates include lunch ( es ) and refreshments on the days of attendance . there will be a late surcharge on registrations received after june 1 , 1999 all presenters will receive detailed information package . for enquries and additional information , contact : the conference secretary - maven ii faculty of arts and technology lincoln university campus brayford pool lincoln , ln6 7ts u . k . tel : + 44 1522 886251 fax : + 44 1522 886021 e . mail : pnayar @ ulh . ac . uk information and updates also available on our website at www . lincoln . ac . uk / communications
 "",0
 1797,""Subject: towards culturally situated agents
  
  * * * call for papers and participation * * * issues in cross cultural communication """" towards culturally situated agents """" http : / / www . nttmsc . com . my / kido / pricai98cfp . html 24th of november 1998 , singapore introduction culture underlies every aspect of social behavior and influences communication style , personality , character , motivation , knowledge and cognition . there is an extensive body of work on cross-cultural differences in communication styles in the linguistics and cultural anthropology literature . in the intelligent user interface design community , over the years , fueled by the recognition that different types of users are motivated by different needs and goals , attention has been given to the development of adaptive user interfaces . however , this line of research and development has given little consideration to the influence that culture plays in shaping what users want out of the computational experience . in order to create interfaces that accommodate different user styles , therefore , it is important to understand these cultural influences , since , in many cases , a user will react to interfaces on the basis of cultural background . similarly , if we are to view an agent , software or robot as a social member of a """" cyber society , """" then that agent must be able to invoke cultural knowledge in order to communicate flexibly with human users and possibly other agents . if agents are reflective only of their designers ' communicative behaviors and are not able to adapt to the styles of other agents which they meet in heterogeneous , distributed environments and virtual reality worlds , then our agents may be trapped in a tower of babel . the goal of this workshop is to discuss cultural influences as they ( may ) inform interactions among human and software agents . this workshop is intended to attract participants from those communities concerned with such a perspective of communication . topics of interest the workshop aims to be interdisciplinary in nature and is therefore open to contributions from various research fields . the topics which the workshop addresses are relevant , for instance , in : anthropology , sociology , sociolinguistics , human computer interaction ( hci ) , cscw , machine learning , adaptive systems research , collaborative virtual environments , multi-media multi-user environments , ethnology , social sciences , psychology and cognitive science . the scope of this workshop includes , but need not be restricted to the following topics : * the nature of cross cultural communication , including case studies and examples * the origin and evolution of communication * linguistic and ethnographic studies of cross cultural communication * negotiation strategies among humans from different cultural backgrounds * negotiation strategies among agents informed by different cultural principles * user interfaces and new media for cross cultural communication * the impact of internet technology on cross cultural communication * culturally situated metaphors in interface , machine and agent design * ethnomethodology in interface and agent design * culturally dependent metaphors and language of describing and talking about humans , machines and agents : influences on the design process , theory / model building , and scientific experimentation * case studies of program execution problems due to agent to agent and human to agent miscommunication * standards which are open to the development of multiple ontologies of mult iagent communication in heterogeneous environments * working examples of culturally adaptive agents in multiagent or human-agent systems papers should address these topics in the context of how they relate to issues in agent design and agent behavior . participation and submission of papers the workshop will comprise a few keynote talks , a panel discussion with participants from different research areas and presentations of preliminary findings by workshop participants . participants will be selected by the organizing committee ( see below ) based on submitted papers . potential participants who wish to present their work at the workshop should submit a short paper ( up to 5 , 000 words ) or extended abstract ( 1 , 500 to 2 , 500 words ) . contributions should describe work in progress , completed work , positions , or give significant insight into the issues on cross cultural communication . other potential participants should send a statement of interest ( one page ) , briefly describing their work and their interest in the workshop . some of the participants will be asked to contribute a paper to the final working notes . all participants will be invited to bring a poster presenting their work . submissions should be sent by e-mail ( ascii , unix compatible postscript , or rtf ) to the workshop chair , takashi kido , msc-kido @ po1 . infosphere . or . jp for more information about the workshop , please contact the workshop chair , takashi kido , msc-kido @ po1 . infosphere . or . jp important dates * abstracts / papers due by : july 18 1998 * notification of acceptance : september 20 , 1998 * camera - ready version of final paper due : october 18 , 1998 * date of workshop : sunday , november 22 , 1998 organizing committee kido takashi ntt msc kuala lumpur , malaysia - - - - - - - - - patricia o'neill - brown asia pacific technology program u . s . department of commerce washington , dc , usa - - - - - - - - - - - kerstin dautenhahn department of cybernetics university of reading uk - - - - - - - - - stephen smoliar fx palo alto laboratory us - - - - - - - - - workshop chair please send abstracts / papers or any questions to kido takashi ntt msc sdn bhd ( 437563 - h ) letter box no . 37 , 18th floor , ubn tower no . 10 . jalan p . ramlee , 50250 kuala lumpa , malaysia kuala lumpur , malaysia phone : + 60 3 238 4077 fax : + 60 3 238 4037 - 202 0476 e - mail : msc-kido @ po1 . infosphere . or . jp
 "",0
 1798,""Subject: psycholinguistics
  
  jean aitchison , the articulate mammal an introduction to psycholinguistics , 4th edition this highly successful text has been substantially revised to take account of the considerable changes in chomsky 's recent ideas . the chapters on grammatical innateness , child language acquisition , and speech comprehension have been largely rewritten and new material and references throughout the book make it completely up-to - date with key developments in the field . table of contents introduction 1 . the great automatic grammatizor : need anything be innate ? 2 . animals that try to talk : is language restricted to humans ? 3 . grandmama 's teeth : is there biological evidence for innate language capacity ? 4 . predestinate grooves : is there a pre-ordained language ' programme ' ? 5 . the blueprint in the brain : what grammatical information might conceivably be innate ? 6 . chattering children : are chattering children following ` rules ' when they learn to speak ? 7 . puzzling it out : exactly how do children learn language ? 8 . celestial unintelligibility : why propose a transformational grammar ? 9 . the white elephant problem : do we need a transformational grammar in order to speak ? 10 . the case of the missing fingerprint : how do we understand speech ? 11 . the cheshire cat 's grin : how do we plan and produce speech ? 12 . banker 's clerk or hippopotamus ? : the future of psycholinguistics notes and suggestions for further reading references routledge : 1998 : 320 pp cl : 0 415 16866 x : # d5684 : $ 75 . 00 pb : 0 415 16791 4 : # d5688 : $ 24 . 99 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
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 1799,""Subject: translation studies
  
  mona baker , editor , routledge encyclopedia of translation studies this is the first full-length encyclopedia of its kind . covering virtually every conceivable aspect of translation , from the translators themselves , methods and terminology , and the history of translation in all the major linguistic and cultural communities , this fascinating volume features contributions by umberto eco , anthony pym , lawrence venuti , judith woodsworth , roger bell , juliane house , jean delisle , carol maier , ian mason and other experts in the field of language and linguistics . the entries are supported by powerful reference tools , including an extensive index , a comprehensive bibliography and exhaustive suggestions for further reading . routledge : 1998 : 680 pp cl : 0 415 09380 5 : # d3367 : $ 165 . 00 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
 "",0
 1800,""Subject: special volume on relevance theory
  
  dear all , at the end of this month a special volume of our international journal """" revista alicantina de estudios ingleses """" ( raei ) , entirely devoted to relevance theory , will be published . here you are the contents : revista alicantina de estudios ingleses volume 11 ( 1998 ) editors : jose mateo and francisco yus contents preface dan sperber and deirdre wilson the possible place of relevance theory in a cognitive explanation of literature josi luis guijarro university of cadiz unembedded definite descriptions and relevance robert j . stainton carleton university phatic interpretations : standarisation and conventionalisation steve nicolle & billy clark middlesex university is relevance theory asocial ? mark jary university of london arousing the receiver 's involvement by flouting the communicative principles marisa dmez arroyo university of oviedo processing for relevance marjolein groefsema university of hertfordshire relevance : a thematic bibliographical list ( more than 500 references ) francisco yus university of alicante relevance and the translation of poetry marta dahlgren thorsell university of vigo relevance and modality josi luis berbeira gardsn university of cadiz communication , information , and relevance fernando garcma murga universidad autsnoma de madrid when is relevance ? on the role of salience in utterance interpretation rachel giora tel aviv university communication in relevance theory nathalie franken * universiti libre de bruxelles roots of miscommunication elena schmitt university of south carolina rhetorical questions , relevance and scales javier gutiirrez rexach the ohio state university against blurring the explicit / implicit distinction begoqa vicente cruz universidad del pams vasco uned , madrid be relevant ( relevance , translation and cross culture ) jose mateo university of alicante interpersonal communication and context accessibility in the interpretation of ironic utterances . a case study : rastell 's version of la celestina m * angeles ruiz moneva university of zaragoza those analysts willing to buy a copy of the volume should send me an e-mail , as soon as possible , providing an address where they can be contacted in july . they will be sent an order form to be returned with such details as credit card number , etc . the price of the volume will be 3000 pesetas ( roughly 26 dollars , 13 pounds ) . if you intend to attend the forthcoming workshop on relevance theory to be held in middlesex next september , you will also be able to buy the volume there , filling a form or buying a copy if available ( there will be some copies on display ) . i would be grateful if those intending to buy the volume there also sent me an e-mail letting me know , so that i can work out how many copies of the volume i should send to the workshop . i look forward to hearing from you . cordially , - dr . francisco yus university of alicante department of english studies http : / / www . ua . es / dfing apartado 99 , e-03080 alicante ( spain ) e-mail : francisco . yus @ alc . es ( home ) e-mail : francisco . yus @ ua . es ( university ) tel : ( 96 ) 5103527 ( home ) tel : ( 96 ) 5903400 - ext : 3027 ( university )
 "",0
 1801,""Subject: descriptive linguistics
  
  sanford b . steever , ed , , the dravidian languages this authoritative reference provides unique descriptions of 11 dravidian languages , covering their historical development with discussions of their specialized linguistic structures and features . each chapter combines modern linguistic theory with traditional historical linguistics and a uniform chapter structure allows for easy comparison between the individual languages . two further chapters provide general information about the language family - - the introduction covers the history , cultural implications and linguistic background , and a separate article on dravidian writing systems . written by a team of experts , each language chapter offers a detailed analysis of phonology , morpology , syntax and lexicon . routledge language family descriptions routledge : 1998 : 464 pp cl : 0 415 10023 2 : # d3366 : $ 160 . 00 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
 "",0
 1802,""Subject: historical linguistics
  
  lars johanson and eva agnes csato , eds . , the turkic languages turkic languages is the first reference book for almost forty years to bring together detailed discussions of the historic development and specialized linguistic structures and features of the languages in the turkic family . written by an international team of experts , turkic languages will be invaluable to students and researchers within linguistics , turcology and near eastern and oriental studies . routledge language family descriptions routledge : 1998 : 504 pp cl : 0 415 08200 5 : # d3380 : $ 160 . 00 daniel abondolo , ed , , the uralic languages this book provides a unique survey of individual uralic languages and sub-groupings from finnish to selkup and obugrian to samoyedic . giving both an overview and then detailed analyses of the uralic languages , the volume describes their history and development as well as focusing on their linguistic structure . each chapter is similarly-structured , designed for comparative study and including phonology , morphology , syntax , lexicon and sample text where available . each includes numerous tables to support and illustrate the text and bibliographies of the major references in each language to aid further study . routledge language family descriptions routledge : 1998 : 648 pp cl : 0 415 08198 x : # d3868 : $ 200 . 00 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
 "",0
 1803,""Subject: reference
  
  george l . campbell , concise compendium of the world ' s languages now available in paperback , the concise compendium of the world 's languages provides clear snapshots of over one hundred languages . drawn from the more comprehensive two volume compendium of the world 's languages , the articles selected for this volume discuss most languages spoken today by populations of at least five to ten million people , as well as minor languages that figure prominently in the contemporary socio-political context . this combination allows little-known languages , such as akan , navajo , basque and zulu , to figure prominently alongside the mainstream languages such as arabic , french , chinese and russian . each entry considers the phonological , morphological and lexical features of the language it discusses . written for language buffs who want to know-in broad outline-how lots of languages work , this terrific book compiles loads of information in one affordable volume . routledge : 1998 : 680 pp pb : 0 415 16049 9 : # d4087 : $ 32 . 99 r . r . k . hartmann and gregory james , dictionary of lexicography despite the frequency with which dictionaries are unquestioningly consulted , many have little idea what actually goes into producing them or how meanings are definitively ascertained . this up-to - date reference work provides straightforward and forward-looking listings of lexicographical terms . routledge : 1998 : 192 pp cl : 0 415 14143 5 : # d5118 : $ 75 . 00 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
 "",0
 1804,""Subject: program : spanish in contact
  
  7th unm conference on ibero - american culture and society : """" spanish and portuguese in contact with other languages """" and 16th conference on spanish in the united states february 12-14 , 1998 university of new mexico albuquerque , new mexico commemorating the 400th anniversary of the founding of the first spanish settlement in new mexico in 1598 information on lodging and registration is available on the web : http : / / www . unm . edu / ~ spanish preliminary program thursday , february 12 1 : 30 - 3 : 30 i - a . codeswitching robin m . fetters ( u new mexico ) , """" code switching vs . borrowing in northern new mexico / southern colorado spanish """" ana teresa perez - leroux & erin o'rourke ( pennsylvania st u ) , """" processing of intrasentential code-switching in english and spanish bilinguals : grammatical constraints versus base language effects """" inma mun ~ oa ( u illinois - urbana / champaign ) , """" codeswitching in bilingual conversation : evidence from basque - spanish bilinguals """" sara rodriguez ( suny - buffalo ) , """" social implications for code - switching in a sample of 12 puerto rican speakers living in the united states """" 1 : 30 - 3 : 30 i - b . contact situations leopoldina maria s . araujo ( belem , brazil ) , """" portugues de contato de um povo indigena da amazonia brasileira """" jurgen heye ( pontificia u catolica - rio de janeiro ) , """" immigrant language contacts with brazilian portuguese : the case of brasildeutsch """" susana v . rivera - mills ( northern arizona u ) , """" language shift in a northern california community """" virginia zavala ( georgetown u ) , """" a case of shift-induced substratum interference : the andean spanish from el valle del mantaro , peru """" 3 : 45 - 5 : 45 ii - a . texts and literacy devin jenkins ( u new mexico ) , """" using the internet to study language shift : examples from electronic texts of bilingual dominicans in the united states """" arturo fernandez - gibert ( u new mexico ) , """" la voz del pueblo : el espan ~ ol en la prensa nuevomexicana en los an ~ os previos a la estatalidad ( 1890-1912 ) """" juan a . trujillo ( oregon st u ) , """" socioeconomic identity and linguistic borrowing in pre-statehood new mexico legal texts """" sandra l . pucci ( u wisconsin - milwaukee ) , """" spanish language literacy maintenance : central americans in los angeles """" 3 : 45 - 5 : 45 ii - b . syntactic variation kareen gervasi ( u southern california ) , """" relativization in the spanish of bilingual speakers from the southwest """" e . atienza , p . battaner , a . bel , l . borras , lourdes diaz , c . hernandez , e . hurtado , c . lopez , r . martinez , & s . torner ( u pompeu fabra ) , """" lenguas peninsulares en contacto : castellano y catalan en la produccion de estudiantes universitarios bilingues """" j . clancy clements ( indiana u ) , """" l2 word order acquisition in a contact situation """" liliana paredes ( u north carolina - greensboro ) , """" the proficiency continuum in quechua - spanish bilingual speakers : an analysis of the verbal clitic system """" 7 : 00 - 9 : 00 reception at hilton hotel friday , february 13 8 : 45-10 : 15 iii - a . grammatical variation rob smead ( brigham young u ) , """" on the assignment of gender to chicano anglicisms : processes and results """" marta fairclough ( u houston ) , """" modal expressions in a contact situation : _ deber de _ vs . _ tener que _ in the spanish spoken in houston """" michelle f . ramos - pellicia ( ohio st u ) , """" gerund constructions in the spanish of puerto rico """" 8 : 45-10 : 15 iii - b . language policy and planning shaw n . gynan ( western washington u ) , """" sociolinguistic dimensions of guarani - spanish contact and paraguayan language policy in the context of inter - american human rights """" earl rees ( portland st u ) , """" the catalan linguistic normalization law : the implementation polemic """" eduardo hernandez chavez ( u new mexico ) , """" los derechos linguisticos en nuevo mexico : el llamado bilinguismo oficial estatal """" 10 : 30-12 : 00 iv - a . language contact and change marilia de nazare ferreira ( belem , brazil ) , """" algumas reflexo ~ es sobro o portugues falado pelos mebengnokren da aldeia gorotire no sul do estado do para , amazonia , brasil """" nicole maier ( u central florida ) , """" linguistic strategies in cuban and puerto rican spanish as determined by contact settings """" luis a . ortiz lopez ( u puerto rico - mayaguez ) , """" el sistema verbal del espan ~ ol haitiano en cuba : implicaciones para las lenguas en contacto en el caribe """" 10 : 30-12 : 00 iv - b . syntax-semantics martha elizabeth ruiz - garcia ( u new mexico ) , """" la funcionalidad de la doble negacion chocoana y su estado sociolinguistico actual """" maria jose gonzalez ( u illinois - urbana / champaign ) , """" preverbal double negation as a means for emphasis """" anna maria escobar ( u illinois - urbana / champaign ) , """" semantic and pragmatic uses of the spanish diminutive in spanish in contact with quechua """" 1 : 30 - 3 : 00 v - a . lexical variation in us spanish eva mendieta ( indiana u northwest ) & isabel molina ( u alcala ) , """" lexical characterization of the spanish spoken in northwest indiana """" arnulfo g . ramirez ( louisiana st u ) , """" lexical characteristics of southwest spanish and the atlas linguistico de hispanoamerica """" ana emilia leon ( u texas - permian basin ) , """" spanish diastratic and diatopic morpho-lexical variation in midland - odessa , texas """" 1 : 30 - 3 : 00 v - b . communicative strategies rainer enrique hamel ( u autonoma metropolitana ) , """" fronteras linguisticas y estrategias discursivas en la interaccion bilingue espan ~ ol-hn ~ ahn ~ u en mexico """" lenora a . timm ( u california - davis ) , """" ' a binary phenomenon ' : the pragmatics of spanish - english code-switching in chicano / a poetry """" maria dolores gonzales velasquez ( u new mexico ) , """" deshaciendo enredos : language and power imbalances in mediation """" 3 : 15 - 5 : 15 vi - a . phonological variation susana de los heros ( u rhode island ) , """" the influence of quechua in the assibilation of ( r ) in the spanish spoken in cusco """" sarah j . youngblood ( college of wooster ) , """" spirantization in the spanish of winesburg , ohio """" jerry r . craddock ( u california - berkeley ) , """" the resolution of vocalic hiatus between words in new mexican spanish """" fernanda ferreira & rena torres cacoullos ( u new mexico ) , """" la labiodental sonora en nuevo mexico : ? influencia del ingles o rasgo dialectal ? """" 3 : 15 - 5 : 15 vi - b . discourse madeline maxwell ( u texas - austin ) , """" when the interpreter is also a conversational partner """" carmen silva - corvalan ( u southern california ) , """" coping with two languages from birth """" lourdes torres ( u kentucky ) , """" bilingual discourse marking in new york puerto rican speech """" diane ringer uber ( college of wooster ) , """" ' dealing ' with bilingualism : business language in puerto rico """" 5 : 30 - 6 : 30 plenary speaker carol a . klee ( u minnesota ) , """" historical perspectives on spanish - quechua language contact in peru """" saturday , february 14 8 : 45-10 : 45 vii - a . panel : """" subject pronouns in five dialects of spanish in new york city : preliminary analyses of social , linguistic , semantic , and discourse variables """" co - chairs and discussants : ana celia zentella ( hunter college ) & ricardo otheguy ( city u new york ) nydia flores & jeannette toro ( city u new york ) , """" the persistence of dialect features under conditions of leveling and contact """" atsuko miyajima ( city u new york ) , """" el espan ~ ol en nueva york : aparicion del pronombre personal ( sujeto ) analizado desde el punto de vista del sentido del verbo """" silvia rivero ( city u new york ) , """" the alternation of verbal [ s ] / [ h ] / 0 and the use of pronouns by spanish speakers in new york city """" jocelyn solis ( city u new york ) , """" power relations as predictive factors for pronoun expression in the discourse of new york spanish speakers """" 8 : 45-10 : 45 vii - b . lexicons in contact veronica grondona ( u pittsburgh ) , """" language contact and the influence of spanish on mocovi """" asun martinez - arbelaiz ( michigan st u ) , """" basque lexical items in journalist spanish : on their motivation and significance """" holly wilson ( u new mexico ) , """" the effects of spanish on the lexicon and syntax of english - spanish bilinguals """" 11 : 00-12 : 00 plenary speaker ana roca ( florida international u ) , """" planning for the future of spanish in the united states """" 1 : 30 - 3 : 00 viii - a . theory and method maryellen garcia ( u texas - san antonio ) , """" _ yo todo el tiempo fue a la escuela _ : language fluency and fuzzy semantics """" ricardo otheguy ( city u new york ) , """" an appraisal of the theoretical underpinnings of recent major works on spanish in the u . s . """" xoan paulo rodriguez - yan ~ ez ( u vigo ) , """" el contraste entre los estudios macro y los estudios microsociolinguisticos en el caso del contacto gallego-espan ~ ol : algunas ensen ~ anzas teoricas y metodologicas """" 1 : 30 - 3 : 00 viii - b . applied issues in new mexico mary fanelli ayala ( eastern new mexico u ) , """" clash or fusion ? the challenges of teaching spanish to the ' native speaker ' in new mexico """" ysaura bernal - enriquez ( u new mexico ) , """" spanish language loss in _ la nueva mexico _ """" daniel villa ( new mexico st u ) , """" the instrumentality of spanish in a u . s . - mexico border region """" 3 : 15 - 5 : 15 ix - a . attitudes and use gabriela alfaraz ( michigan st u ) , """" dialect contact in miami , florida : the attitudes of cubans toward other spanish varieties """" parastoo anita mesri ( u california - los angeles ) , """" the role of spanish in mexicana / o , chicana / o , latina / o communities in the u . s . : a unifying bond , a tie to the homeland , a way to resist assimilation """" caryn c . connelly ( u minnesota ) , """" patterns of language choice and language preference among mexican teens : preliminary findings for phoenix , arizona """" patricia macgregor - mendoza ( new mexico st u ) , """" spanish use and attitudes among youths in two mexican communities """" 3 : 15 - 5 : 15 ix - b . pronominal variation jennifer austin ( cornell u ) , """" _ leismo _ in the basque of basque - spanish bilinguals """" jinny k . choi ( georgetown u ) , """" a syntactic feature in paraguayan spanish : [ - person ] object clitic drop """" liliana sanchez ( carnegie mellon u ) , """" unmarkedness : the source of null definite objects in contact spanish """" teresa satterfield ( u michigan ) , """" patterns of pronominal variability in bilingual speech """" 7 : 00 conference dinner 9 : 00 gran baile de despedida
 "",0
 1805,""Subject: new books : multimedia language courses
  
  these exciting , easy-to - use multimedia language courses ( chinese , french , portuguese and spanish ) offer 20 interactive lessons covering a range of everyday travel , business , and leisure situations . developed from the highly successful print and audio series , these courses feature sound , academically-proven principles for acquiring the skills to speak the language with comfort and ease . features : - - wide range of exercise types for interactive learning , lots of material per unit : word order , matching , multiple choice , drag and fill , listening comprehension , record and play back ( so you can perfect your accent ) , roleplay , translation , and writing - - flexible : go at your own pace , clicking on words or phrases to listen to them again , using the sound controls , taking time to record and listen to yourself . reset the screen ( write , fill in blank and matching screens ) to clear your answers and start again - - variety of ways to listen to audio material : use sound controls to play entire recording , stopping or pausing wherever you choose , or simply click on all words and phrases in blue - - easy navigation : with buttons , menus and onscreen instructions . also a history feature ( back button ) to return to previous screen accessed - - each lesson is a self contained unit , with easy-to - follow color-coded exercise types ( pronunciation , exercises and situations ) . if the user prefers , s / he can use the list screens feature on the resources menu which lists all screen types and enables user to practise a particular exercise type - - extensive support material : user guide with annotated screen graphics , online help , tutorial ( from help menu ) , introduction to and instructions for every screen , language point ( grammar ) index for each lesson , comprehensive vocabulary list with translation ( can hide translation to test your knowledge ) , keyword search facility , irregular verb list ( all from resources menu ) - - fully searchable grammatical support ( language points ) accessible at any time : from all exercise screens , toolbar or menu - - character , radical , tones and strokes ( chinese only ) - - talking dictionary ( chinese only ) - - dialogues with translation ( chinese has characters , pinyin and english ) * * * note : for pc platforms kan qian , colloquial chinese cd-rom a multimedia language course routledge : 1998 cr : 0 415 14291 1 : # d2498 : $ 75 . 00 alan moys , colloquial french cd-rom a multimedia language course routledge : 1998 cr : 0 415 14290 3 : # d2501 : $ 75 . 00 barbara mcintyre and joao sampaio , colloquial portuguese cd-rom a multimedia language course routledge : 1998 cr : 0 415 14289 x : # d2499 : $ 75 . 00 untza oatala alday , colloquial spanish cd-rom a multimedia language course routledge : 1998 cr : 0 415 14195 8 : # d2502 : $ 75 . 00
 "",0
 1806,""Subject: computational semantics
  
  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - third international workshop on computational semantics ( iwcs - 3 ) january 13-15 , 1999 , tilburg , the netherlands - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( second ) call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - the linguistics department at tilburg university will host the third international workshop on computational semantics , that will take place in tilburg , the netherlands , 13 - 15 january 1999 . the aim of the workshop is to bring together researchers involved in the study of computational aspects of the semantics of natural language . topics of interest the workshop will focus on computational aspects of formal semantic theories and on the theoretical issues involved in the development of natural language processing systems . papers are invited in areas which include , but are not limited to , the following topics : * working with underspecified semantic representations * use of context in interpretation * the semantics-pragmatics interface * dynamic interpretation in text and dialogue * information packaging * computational lexical semantics * interpretation and inference * interpretation in multi-modal interaction * context modelling * speech acts and interpretation * incremental interpretation * connections with theorem proving and knowledge representation submission requirements authors are asked to submit an original paper of maximally 5000 words by september 15 , 1998 . papers should be prepared with latex and should be submitted by email . all submitted papers will be refereed by the programme committee . accepted papers will be published in the proceedings ; we also aim at publishing a selection of accepted papers in book form . guidelines for latex preparation of your manuscript are available at the iwcs - 3 web pages : http : / / cwis . kub . nl / ~ fdl / research / ti / docs / iwcs / iwcs . htm for initial submission email a postscript version of the paper to : computational . semantics @ kub . nl programme committee patrick blackburn martha palmer mario borillo manfred pinkal harry bunt ( chair ) steve pulman robin cooper james pustejovsky jan van eijck allan ramsay john etchemendy patrick saint dizier giacomo ferrari lenhart schubert erhard hinrichs rohini srihari megumi kameyama mark steedman daniel kayser enric vallduvi paul mc kevitt wlodek zadrozny reinhard muskens henk zeevat john nerbonne organising committee harry bunt reinhard muskens elias thijsse important dates 15 september 1998 submission of preliminary papers 15 october 1998 notification of acceptance 15 november 1998 final papers due 13-15 january 1999 workshop further information conference secretariat : anne adriaensen department of linguistics tilburg university po box 90153 , 5000 le tilburg the netherlands email : computational . semantics @ kub . nl phone : + 31-13 466 30 60 fax : + 31-13 466 31 10 www : http : / / cwis . kub . nl / ~ fdl / research / ti / docs / iwcs / iwcs . htm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - harry c . bunt professor of linguistics and computer science dean , faculty of arts tilburg university p . o . box 90153 5000 le tilburg , the netherlands phone : + 31 - 13 466 . 3060 ( secretary anne andriaensen ) 2568 ( dean 's office ) 2653 ( office , room b 310 ) fax : + 31 - 13 466 . 3110 harry . bunt @ kub . nl www : http : / / cwis . kub . nl / ~ fdl / general / people / bunt / index . stm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",0
 1807,""Subject: syllable structure and gesture timing
  
  call for papers : syllable stucture and gesture timing as part of the conference lp ' 98 to be held at ohio state university sept . 15-20 , there will be a workshop funded by the national science foundation sept . 19-20 , on ' syllable structure and gesture timing ' , covering issues related to phonetic and phonological accounts of segmentation , and timing and ordering of gestures in speech , especially how sequences of consonants e . g . [ spr ] , [ ntw ] are formally represented . speech is traditionally represented as a string of segments , defined in terms of features which are implemented simultaneously . in that conception , the phoneme is the minimal phonological unit where time and ordering are defined . as has long been known , the transition from phoneme to phoneme is phonetically realized as a continuous change . there has been a steady progression in phonological theory from linear generative theory to nonlinear representations where the mapping between segments and features is quite relaxed , and highly articulated suprasegmental structures are assumed . a consequence of nonlinear models , which allow single 's egments ' to bear multiple values of a feature and allow one feature to be associated with many 's egments ' , is that one can meaningfully question the existence of the 's egment ' as a formal object . the theory of feature geometry does not explicitly represent the notion 's egment ' , and it has been argued that the traditional segment does not correspond to any specific level of representation in current models . nonlinear models have increasingly tended towards positing complex but internally timeless single 's egments ' in place of clusters of segments : thus , what was formerly represented as a triconsonantal sequence [ ntw ] might also be represented as a single segment , a ' voiceless prenasalised rounded alveolar ' . some languages , such as bella coola and georgian , seem to allow unbounded arbitrary sequences of consonants , which suggests that phonological theory may ultimately need to allow infinitely long syllables and unstructured onsets and codas . one of the central questions to be taken up in the workshop is """" are there any universal limits on possible strings of segments in various positions within the syllable """" ? this statement of the question begs two quite important questions : do segments per se exist ( and how can one identify whether a given temporal stretch of the phonetic output corresponds to one or more segments ) , and do syllables themselves exist ? both of these assumptions remain controversial , especially in nonlinear phonology . invited speakers for this workshop include donca steriade , john ohala , john harris and louis goldstein . further details on the issues being investigated in this workshop can be found at http : / / ling . ohio-state . edu / events / phon _ workshop . html . one - page abstracts for 30 minute papers to be presented at this workshop are solicited ( due date for receipt of abstracts : august 10 ) . lodging and up to $ 400 to cover economy travel expenses will be provided to authors presenting papers at the workshop . abstracts may be sent by email to odden @ ling . ohio-state . edu , or by surface mail to : syllable workshop department of linguistics ohio state university columbus , oh 43210 please include a surface mail address , email address , and phone number .
 "",0
 1808,""Subject: stylistics
  
  joanna thornborrow and shan wareing , patterns in language an introduction to language and literary style patterns in language addresses the real needs of students who may not have an extensive background either in traditional literature or in linguistic theory . this student-friendly textbook uses the principles of linguistic analysis to investigate the aesthetic use of language in literary ( and non-literary ) texts . written in straightforward , accessible language with imaginative examples and a humorous tone , it shows how linguistic knowledge can enhance and enrich the analysis of texts . the authors borrow from traditional stylistics , but focus primarily on the recurring linguistic patterns which are used by writers of poetry , fiction and drama . the authors draw on a wide variety of textual sources to illustrate their observations , making reference to both canonical literature and modern literary texts , as well as to popular fiction , television and the language of advertising . exercises designed to develop the students ' understanding of the material are provided at every stage , and sample answers are also included . interface routledge : 1998 : 280 pp cl : 0 415 14063 3 : # d5081 : $ 65 . 00 pb : 0 415 14064 1 : # d5085 : $ 20 . 99 jonathan culpepper , peter verdonk , and mick short , eds . , exploring the language of drama from text to context focusing on the characterization of speech as a form of action , exploring the language of drama introduces students to the stylistic analysis of drama . here , some of the world 's leading scholars demonstrate the importance of analyzing the text of drama rather than focusing on performance , presenting their approaches in an engaging and accessible style . the essays employ techniques from language analysis ( specifically discourse analysis , cognitive linguistics and pragmatic ) to explore the language of plays , looking at how different theories and approaches can be used to help us understand characterization in dialogue , the cognitive patterns that support the narrative and discourse of drama , and the basic mechanisms of conversation in dramatic dialogue . each chapter ends in a summary with follow-up exercises , and offers practical advice on how to analyze a play extract and write it up as an assignment . interface routledge : 1998 : 192 pp cl : 0 415 13794 2 : # d5353 : $ 65 . 00 pb : 0 415 13795 0 : # d5357 : $ 20 . 99
 "",0
 1809,""Subject: european conference artificial intelligence 98
  
  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | | / \ / \ | | | - - - | | _ _ _ | / _ _ \ | _ _ _ | _ _ , - | - - - | | | / \ | | / | | | | _ _ _ _ _ _ | \ _ _ _ _ _ / / _ _ _ _ _ _ \ | _ _ _ | ` - / \ ' / / \ august 23-28 1998 brighton uk ( ` - ' ecai-98 : the 13th european conference on artificial intelligence second call for participation http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 register before 1 august to receive a discount of up to 50 pounds on the full registration fee . ecai-98 takes place in brighton on 23-28 august 1998 . the main technical programme for the conference comprises 158 top-quality research papers in 48 sessions covering the following topics : analogy , automated reasoning , belief revision , case - based reasoning , cognitive modelling , computational linguistics , constraint reasoning , diagnosis and intelligent tutoring , genetic algorithms , heuristic search , inductive logic programming , knowledge representation , knowledge - based systems , learning rules and decision trees , logic programming , logic - based planning , logics for kr , logics for actions , modelling actions , multiagent systems , nonmononotic reasoning , numerical methods in machine learning , numerical methods and neural nets , ontologies , planning and scheduling , possibilistic modelling , probabilistic modelling , robotics , temporal and spatial reasoning , user interfaces the programme also includes 6 eminent invited speakers : ramon lopez de mantaras , jean - francois puget , david schmeidler , stephen muggleton , jan - olof eklundh and glenn shafer . in addition to the main conference , 12 pre-conference tutorials and 23 pre-conference workshops offer in depth tuition and discussion of specific hot topics in the field . the conference takes place in the brighton centre , an international conference centre right on the seafront in brighton , and features a full range of social event as well as an exhibition of ai products and publications . full details of the main conference programme , workshops , tutorials and other events , plus registration and accommodation information , and a web-based registration form are available on the website . if you would like to receive an email summary of the programme and registration form please respond to this email . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ecai-98 secretariat tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 678448 centre for advanced software applications fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 671320 university of sussex email : ecai98 @ cogs . susx . ac . uk brighton , bn1 9qh , uk url : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 ecai-98 is organised by the european coordinating committee for artificial intelligence ( eccai ) and hosted by the universities of brighton and sussex on behalf of aisb . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",0
 1810,""Subject: major varieties of english
  
  second international conference on major varieties of english maven ii lincoln university campus , england september 9-11 , 1999 conference theme : the english language today : functions and representations plenary speakers include : nicholas coupland ( university of wales , cardiff ) eric fudge ( university of reading ) salikoko mufwene ( university of chicago ) paper proposals are invited on all aspects of the use of major varieties of english today , in particular on the following themes : formal and functional developments and changes in english mediated uses of english international profile of english english and corporate culture english language in literature english and world communication competing target varieties fo learners text and corpus analysis etc . submission of paper proposals abstracts of paper proposals should be no more than 250 words in length , and should be double spaced . please submit three copies , one with name , affiliation and personal details ( address for correspondence , phone / fax numbers , e . mail address ) . please mention at the bottom what area or theme you believe your abstract covers ( e . g . pragmatics , media language , dialectology , political sociology etc . ) send abstracts to reach no later than dec . 15 , 1998 to : p . b . nayar faculty of arts and technology lincoln university campus brayford pool lincoln , ls6 7ts united kingdom abstracts may also be submitted as an attachment to e . mail ( one copy with all information required ) to : pnayar @ ulh . ac . uk registration full conference package : registration + on campus accommodation for two nights + two breakfasts 150 registarion only : 120 daily registration : 45 conference dinner on 10 / 9 / 99 25 ( optional ) all rates include lunch ( es ) and refreshments on the days of attendance . there will be a late surcharge on registrations received after june 1 , 1999 all presenters will receive detailed information package . for enquries and additional information , contact : the conference secretary - maven ii faculty of arts and technology lincoln university campus brayford pool lincoln , ln6 7ts u . k . tel : + 44 1522 886251 fax : + 44 1522 886021 e . mail : pnayar @ ulh . ac . uk information and updates also available on our website at www . lincoln . ac . uk / communications
 "",0
 1811,""Subject: sociolinguistics
  
  deborah cameron , ed , , the feminist critique of language a reader since its first publication in 1990 , the feminist critique of language has been the established guide to the major debates and directions in current feminist thinking about language . this edition has been thoroughly updated and expanded to take account of new developments in feminist thought about language , including new material on sexist language and political correctness . new extracts have been included from : felly nkweto simmonds , trinh t . minh - ha , luce irigaray , sara mills , margaret doyle , debbie cameron , susan ehrlich and ruth king , kate clark , sally mcconnell - ginet , deborah tannen , aki uchida , jennifer coates and kira hall . each section has been subdivided to clarify the key areas of debate and new editorial material and suggested reading sections have been added . routledge : 1998 : 392 pp cl : 0 415 16399 4 : # d4787 : $ 75 . 00 pb : 0 415 16400 1 : # d4791 : $ 22 . 99 harold f . schiffman , linguistic culture and language policy now available in paperback , linguistic culture and language policy examines how language policy in three very different nations evolved and how it is not merely the specific embodiment of rule , but rather primarily a social construct that rests on other conceptual elements such as belief systems , attitudes and myths . by scrutinizing the multilingual democracies of india , france and the us , schiffman examines how language policies are formed within a broader framework and are heavily influenced by the covert and implicit grass-roots of its linguistic culture . by seeing language policy as culture-specific , we understand why language policies evolve , why they work - - or not - - and how people 's lives are affected by them . politics of language routledge : 1998 : 368 pp pb : 0 415 18406 1 : # d5174 : $ 29 . 99 peter auer , ed , , code-switching in conversation language , interaction and identity collecting contributions from a wide variety of international sociolinguistic settings in which this phenomenon of code-switching is observed , this volume addresses the structure , function and ideological value of such bilingual behavior . the contributors question many views of code-switching on the basis of many european and non - european contexts . by bringing together linguistic , anthropological and socio-psychological research , they move towards a more realistic conception of bilingual conversation . routledge : 1998 : 368 pp cl : 0 415 15831 1 : # d3859 : $ 90 . 00 david barton and mary hamilton , local literacies reading and writing in one community local literacies is a unique study of everyday reading and writing . by concentrating on a selection of people in a particular community in britain , the authors analyze how they use literacy in their day to day lives . this exploration provides a description of literacy at one point in time , and also reveals the nature and significance of communication to people , households and communities . routledge : 1998 : 320 pp cl : 0 415 17149 0 : # d5178 : $ 90 . 00 pb : 0 415 17150 4 : # d5182 : $ 27 . 99 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
 "",0
 1812,""Subject: available for review : semantics , lexical database , case grammar
  
  the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org note : please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not provide a link or url to an online cv or homepage - - these will be ignored . please also provide a surface address for us to send the book to . semantics / philosophy of language : ostertag , gary . ( ed . ) ( 1998 ) definite descriptions : a reader . mit press . cambridge ma . lexical database fellbaum , christiane ( ed ) ( 1998 ) . wordnet : an electronic lexical database . mit press , cambridge ma case grammar cook , walter s . j . ( 1998 ) case grammar applied . sil , arlington texas .
 "",0
 1813,""Subject: esslli workshop : lexical semantics in context
  
  esslli-98 workshop on lexical semantics in context : corpus , inference and discourse august 17 - 21 , 1998 a workshop held as part of the 10th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli-98 ) august 17 - 28 , 1998 , saarbruecken , germany * * call for participation and program * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - program : august 17 : introduction johan bos ( universitaet des saarlandes ) and paul buitelaar ( dfki ) - introduction invited speaker : daniel kayser ( universite paris nord ) - lexical adaptation august 18 : acquisition dimitrios kokkinakis ( goeteborg university ) - extracting lexical semantic knowledge from sub - domains andrea setzer ( sheffield university ) - extracting temporal information from newspaper articles invited speaker : ann copestake ( stanford university ) - comments on kokkinakis and setzer august 19 : representation noriko tomuro ( depaul university ) - semi - automatic induction of underspecified semantic classes chungmin lee , seungho nam ( seoul national university ) and beom - mo kang ( korea university ) - lexical semantic structure for predicates in korean paul buitelaar ( dfki ) - comments on tomuro and lee / nam / kang august 20 : analysis kyoko kanzaki ( waseda university ) and hitoshi isahara ( kansai advanced research center ) - the semantic connection between adnominal and adverbial usage of japanese adnominal constituents mariana damova and sabine bergler ( concordia university ) - inferencing between aspectual verbs and event descriptions anne - marie mineur ( utrecht university ) - building bridges august 21 : systems mihai - valentin tablan , catalina barbu , hortensia popescu , roxana - oana hamza , claudia ciobanu , ionut - ciprian nita , cosmin - danut bocaniala , maria georgescul , dan cristea ( a . i . cuza university ) - co - operation and detachment in discourse understanding invited speaker : bob krovetz ( nec reserach institute ) - multiple senses per discourse
 "",0
 1814,""Subject: journal of language and linguistics vol 16 . 2 ( january - june 1998 )
  
  journal of language and linguistics vol16 . 2 january - june 1998 ( abstracts ( english ) can be viewed at : http : / / www . tu . ac . th / org / arts / ling / abstract . htm contents : prapasara kometmuneebororak """" thai transliteration of russian proper names """" ( in thai ) nantana pracharitpakdi et al . """" spontaneous speech evaluation of aachen aphasia test ( aat ) """" ( in thai ) varisa osatananda """" peculiar spelling of """" may ek """" and """" may tho """" in some lao words """" ( in thai ) utumporn meecharoen et al . """" public understanding and preferences of newspaper headlines """" ( in thai ) tanawan amy meepoe """" the interaction between lexical aspect and progressive - imperfective in thai : a discourse analysis of kamlan and yuu """" john hartmann """" a linguistic geography and history of thai meueng - fai ( ditch - dike ) techno - culture """" journal of language and linguistics , the journal of the department of linguistics faculty of liberal arts , thammasat university , has been published since 1982 . there are two issues a year : july - december and january - june . the journal provides a forum for publication of original articles in any area of language and linguistics , particularly relating to thai language or other languages in southeast asia . for more info , please visit our website at : http : / / www . tu . ac . th / org / arts / ling / journal . htm contact address : department of linguistics faculty of liberal arts thammasat university bangkok 10200 , thailand . tel : ( 662 ) 221-6111 ( - 20 ) ext : 2656 fax : ( 662 ) 224-1389 or : e - mail : yui @ ipied . tu . ac . th
 "",0
 1815,""Subject: linguistic theory
  
  dominique sportiche , partitions and atoms of clause structure subjects , agreement , case and clitics this collection builds on the theory of principles and parameters and its economy - - minimalist descendants . the essays progressively develop a view of syntactic structures in which syntactic properties are increasingly analyzed as atomized in progressively smaller elementary components and partitioned in the way these elementary components are represented . dominique sportiche argues that as a consequence of this view , languages do not differ at all in their syntactic organization . routledge leading linguists routledge : 1998 : 448 pp cl : 0 415 16926 7 : # d4946 : $ 110 . 00 laura a . michaelis , aspectual grammar and past time reference this work examines the linguistic constructions which speakers use to talk about events that occurred in the past and states which held in the past . laura michaelis argues that the fundamental conceptual division between events and states forms the basis of systems of verbal aspect in all languages , and that one cannot talk about the meaning of a past-tense assertion without making reference to the event-state distinction . focusing on english data , the author examines the semantic and functional overlap between assertions about the past and assertions involving events : when one asserts that an event of a given kind exists , one is making an assertion about the past . this semantic overlap can be evoked as a way of characterizing the close relationship between the past-tense construction and the past-perfect construction : while a past tense assertion like she left is used to describe the past , a present-perfect assertion like she has left is used to assert the existence of an event by invoking its aftermath ( her absence ) . dr . michaelis argues that the two constructions are semantically equivalent , but distinguished by their function in narrative . this study presents a semantic framework for analyzing all aspectual constructions in terms of the event-state distinction , and describes the grammatical expression of aspectual meaning in terms of a theory of grammatical constructions . in this theory , grammatical constructions , like words , are conventionalized form-meaning pairs , which are best described not only with respect to their intrinsic semantic values , but also with respect to the functional opposition in which they participate . michaelis argues that many of the otherwise puzzling grammatical constraints which characterize the english present-perfect construction can be motivated in terms of the functional opposition between present perfect and past tense . routledge studies in germanic linguistics 4 routledge : 1998 : 320 pp cl : 0 415 15678 5 : # d4385 : $ 90 . 00 asa kasher , ed , pragmatics 6 volume set the purpose of this collection is to portray the development of pragmatics as a science of language , in a such a way as to enable readers to critically assess this theorectical development . issues explored include * presupposition * implicature * discourse * grammar * communication * indexicals * psychology * sociology . this work provides highly useful references and suggestions for further reading , and has an exceptionally detailed subject and name index to enable easy and immediate access for the reader . critical concepts routledge : 1998 : 2653 pp cl : 0 415 11734 8 : # d2960 : $ 905 . 00 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
 "",0
 1816,""Subject: pidgins and creoles
  
  new releases 1998 mhlhusler , peter , ed . papers in pidgin and creole linguistics no . 5 1998 , isbn 0 85883 474 x , v + 213pp . softcover . ( in press ) a $ 41 . 40 pacific linguistics catalogue number , a-91 . key words : pidgins and creoles ; lexicology ; pitcairn ; bislama ; western australia . this volume brings together lexicographic and sociolinguistic descriptions of some of the less well-documented pidgins , creoles and contact languages of the pacific region , adding many important details to current knowledge . tent , jan and france mugler , sicol , proceedings of the second international conference on oceanic linguistics : vol . 1 , language contact 1998 , isbn 0 85883 448 x , ix + 146pp . softcover . a $ 36 . 25 pacific linguistics catalogue number , c-141 . key words : language contact ; creoles ; pidgins . this volume contains most of the papers presented at the second international conference on oceanic linguistics session on language contact . the papers range far afield , but the bulk are about the pacific and in particular melanesia , the part of the region with the greatest linguistic diversity and a rich history of language contact . the topics relate to : fiji hindi ( david arms ) , the tayo language of new caledonia ( chris core ) , belizean creole ( genevieve escure ) , singapore colloquial english ( anthea fraser gupta ) , french antillean creoles ( william jennings ) , melanesian pidgins and creole ( ernest w . lee ) , bislama ( miriam meyerhoff ) , south indian languages in fiji ( france mugler ) , language use and attitudes in fiji ( france mugler and jan tent ) , and the language of adolescent first language tok pisin speakers ( geoff p . smith ) . re-printed in 1998 shnukal , anna broken : an introduction to the creole language of torres strait 1988 , 1998 ( reprint ) , isbn 0 85883 381 6 , iii + 328pp . ( 3 maps , 8 photos ) . softcover . a $ 36 . 20 pacific linguistics catalogue number , c-107 . key words : broken , creole , torres strait . pacific linguistics publications can be obtained in any one of six easy and convenient ways : e-mail e - mail : mira . kwasik @ coombs . anu . edu . au over-the - counter mail the australian national university pacific linguistics department of linguistics rspas 3rd floor , room 1208 the australian national university coombs bld . , fellows road canberra act 0200 acton , canberra australia phone order fax + 61 ( 0 ) 2 6249 2742 or fax + 61 ( 0 ) 2 6249 4896 voice mail - message thank you , mira kwasik mira kwasik manager , publications centre research school of pacific and asian studies the australian national university canberra 0200 australia ph : + 61 ( 0 ) 2 6249 2742 or 3269 fax : + 61 ( 0 ) 2 6249 4896 e - mail : mira . kwasik @ coombs . anu . edu . au the research school of pacific and asian studies , anu - online catalogue http : / / coombs . anu . edu . au / publications / coombsguide . html
 "",0
 1817,""Subject: new publications : australian languages
  
  new releases nordlinger , rachel , a grammar of wambaya , northern territory ( australia ) 1998 , isbn 0 85883 481 2 , xvi + 320pp . softcover . a $ 48 . 90 pacific linguistics catalogue number , c-140 . key words : australian aboriginal languages ; grammar . this work describes the phonology , morphology and syntax of wambaya , a non - pama - nyungan language of the barkly tablelands region of the northern territory . particular attention is paid to the complex morphology , including the gender and case suffixes on nominals , the interaction between the tense marking on both verb and auxiliary , and the use of case in subordinate clauses . a collection of texts and wordlists is also included . thomas , david , ed . papers in southeast asian linguistics no . 15 : chamic studies 1998 , isbn 0 85883 465 0 , iii + 90pp . softcover . ( in press ) a $ 31 . 80 pacific linguistics catalogue number , a-89 . key words : cham ; roglai ; utsat ; austronesian ; khmer . this volume presents papers on chamic languages by neil baumagartner ( western cham grammar ) , robert headley ( cham evidence from khmer sound changes ) , ernest lee ( cat gia roglai ) , keng - fong pang ( the ethnonym utsat ) , and graham thurgood ( austronesian and mon - khmer elements in chamic vowels ) . tryon , darrell , ed . , papers in austronesian linguistics no . 5 1998 , isbn 0 85883 475 8 , vii + 275pp . softcover . a $ 46 . 20 pacific linguistics catalogue number , a-92 . key words : lou ; nati ; malakula ; vanuatu ; muyuw ; awad bing ; grammar . papers by robert blust a lou vocabulary , with phonological notes , . ; baumgartner , neil , terry crowley a salvage sketch of nati ( southwest malakula , vanuatu ) , david lithgow muyuw : its relationship with its neighbours and the bilingualism of its speakers , d . j . bennett awad bing grammar essentials . sharpe , margaret , dictionary of yugambeh ( including neighbouring dialects ) 1998 , isbn 0 85883 480 4 , xix + 223pp . softcover . a $ 42 . 20 pacific linguistics catalogue number , c-139 . key words : aboriginal languages ; yugambeh ; dictionary ; grammar . this book brings together all published or recorded information known to the compiler on the language of the gold coast , queensland and its hinterlands , and neighbouring dialects extending to minyangbal ( minjungbal ) in the brushwick river area , new south wales , and the dialects spoken around warwick , queensland . dialects of the same language were spoken in new south wales , e . g . gidhabal and bundjalung . while yugambeh appears to have gone out of widespread use possibly sixty years ago , there are many valuable word lists and grammars dating back to the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century . all entries in the dictionary are in modern phonemic transcription ( with pronunciation guides ) , with all sources and source spellings included under each entry . the dictionary includes grammatical notes and an english finder list . tryon , darrell bislama : an introduction to the national language of vanuatu 1987 , 1988 , 1991 , 1995 , 1998 ( reprints ) , isbn 0 85883 361 1 , xiv + 261pp . the book a $ 35 . 30 set of 8 cassettes ( optional ) a $ 70 . 00 pacific linguistics catalogue number , d-72 . key words : bislama , vanuatu . pacific linguistics publications can be obtained in any one of six easy and convenient ways : e-mail e - mail : mira . kwasik @ coombs . anu . edu . au over-the - counter mail the australian national university pacific linguistics department of linguistics rspas 3rd floor , room 1208 the australian national university coombs bld . , fellows road canberra act 0200 acton , canberra australia phone order fax + 61 ( 0 ) 2 6249 2742 or fax + 61 ( 0 ) 2 6249 4896 voice mail - message thank you , mira kwasik mira kwasik manager , publications centre research school of pacific and asian studies the australian national university canberra 0200 australia ph : + 61 ( 0 ) 2 6249 2742 or 3269 fax : + 61 ( 0 ) 2 6249 4896 e - mail : mira . kwasik @ coombs . anu . edu . au the research school of pacific and asian studies , anu - online catalogue http : / / coombs . anu . edu . au / publications / coombsguide . html
 "",0
 1818,""Subject: conference on italian / german legal language
  
  convegno / tagung linguistica giuridica italiana e tedesca : obiettivi , approcci , risultati rechtslinguistik des deutschen und italienischen : ziele , methoden , ergebnisse bolzano , 1 - 3 ottobre 1998 / bozen , 1 . - 3 . oktober 1998 centro pastorale , piazza duomo , 1 / pastoralzentrum , domplatz 1 organizzazione / veranstalter : europea di bolzano / europaeische akademie bozen area scientifica lingua e diritto / bereich sprache und recht con la collaborazione di / in zusammenarbeit mit : provincia autonoma di bolzano - alto adige / autonome provinz bozen - suedtirol comune di bolzano / gemeinde bozen comitato scientifico / wissenschaftliches komitee : bernhard eccher ( universitaet innsbruck ) giovanni b . flores d ' arcais ( mpi fuer psycholinguistik nijmegen , universita ' di padova ) alberto m . mioni ( universita ' di padova ) oskar putzer ( europaeische akademie bozen , universitaet innsbruck ) l ' area scientifica lingua e diritto dell ' accademia europea di bolzano , che da alcuni anni si occupa di linguaggio giuridico italiano e tedesco in ottica terminologica , contrastiva e didattica , organizza a bolzano nei giorni 1 , 2 e 3 ottobre 1998 un convegno di linguistica giuridica , rivolto a quanti - linguisti , giuristi , terminologi , traduttori , docenti di lingue - si occupano di linguaggio e di testi giuridici sia a livello teorico che pratico . il tempo previsto per le relazioni e ' di 30 minuti , a cui seguiranno 10 minuti di discussione . der bereich sprache und recht der europaeischen akademie bozen , der sich seit einigen jahren mit der analyse der deutschen und italienischen rechtssprache unter terminologischen , kontrastiven und fachsprachendidaktischen gesichtspunkten befat , veranstaltet vom 1 . - 3 . oktober 1998 eine tagung zur deutschen und italienischen rechtslinguistik . die tagung wendet sich an all jene - linguisten , fachsprachendozenten , uebersetzungswissenschaftler , terminologen , juristen - die sich aus verschiedenen blickwinckeln , theoretisch oder anwendungsorientiert , mit rechtssprache und rechtstexten beschftigen . fuer jeden vortrag sind 30 minuten und fuer die anschliessende diskussion 10 minuten vorgesehen . programma provvisorio / vorlaeufiges programm ( aggiornato al / letzte aenderung : 15 / 07 / 98 ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = giovedi ' 1 ottobre / donnerstag , 1 . oktober = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = mattina / vormittag 8 . 30 iscrizione / anmeldung 9 . 00 oskar putzer ( bolzano / innsbruck ) , apertura dei lavori / begruessung 9 . 20 reiner arntz ( hildesheim ) , sprache und recht : eine chance fuer interdisziplinaritaet sezione / sektion i - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 . 00 giovanni rovere ( heidelberg ) , aspetti grammaticali in testi giuridici 10 . 40 eva wiesmann ( forli ' ) , italienische und deutsche fachsprachliche umschreibung des passivs 11 . 20-11 . 40 pausa / pause 11 . 40 piero fiorelli ( firenze ) , leggi bilingui nella toscana della reggenza 12 . 20 federigo bambi ( firenze ) , andrea lancia volgarizzatore di statuti sezione / sektion ii - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 . 00 amedeo g . conte ( pavia ) , pragmatica del linguaggio deontico 10 . 40 andrea belvedere ( pavia ) , semantica e pragmatica nell ' art . 12 preleggi 11 . 20-11 . 40 pausa / pause 11 . 40 paolo di lucia ( milano / camerino ) , la funzione thetica di """" sollen """" 12 . 20 francesco palermo ( bolzano ) , insieme per forza ? lingua e diritto : un ' aporia epistemologica pomeriggio / nachmittag sezione / sektion i - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15 . 00 jane nystedt ( stoccolma ) , l ' italiano nei documenti della cee : le sequenze di parole 15 . 40 luana peotta ( duisburg ) , l ' analisi contrastiva del testo specialistico . teoria , metodo e risultati di ricerca 16 . 20-16 . 50 pausa / pause 16 . 50 ulrich daum ( muenchen ) , frauen und maenner in der rechtssprache 17 . 30 raffaella amiconi ( muenchen ) , forme linguistiche al femminile nella prosa giuridico-amministrativa in italia sezione / sektion ii - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15 . 00 paola mariani , luigi parenti ( firenze ) , gli archivi lessicali della lingua giuridica italiana . considerazioni e prospettive 15 . 40 felix mayer ( bolzano ) , die rechts - und verwaltungssprache in suedtirol 16 . 20-16 . 50 pausa / pause 16 . 50 agnieszka stepnikowska ( warszawa ) , fragen der zweisprachigen juristischen lexikographie 17 . 30 johann gamper ( bolzano ) , aufbereitung eines zweisprachigen textkorpus fuer terminologie - extraktion = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = venerdi ' 2 ottobre / freitag , 2 . oktober = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = mattina / vormittag 9 . 00 michele cortelazzo ( padova ) , tipologie testuali e caratteristiche stilistiche dei metatesti giuridici italiani sezione / sektion i - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 . 40 ingo warnke ( kassel ) , juristischer diskurs und etablierung von kultursprachen 10 . 20 reinhard schmidt ( firenze ) , an der grenzlinie zwischen juristischer fachsprache und sozialwissenschaftlichem diskurs : die sprache der deutschen bzw . italienischen rechtswissenschaft 11 . 00-11 . 30 pausa / pause 11 . 30 daniela veronesi ( bolzano ) , la metafora negli articoli scientifici giuridici 12 . 10 markus nussbaumer ( zuerich ) , textlinguistik fuer die gesetzgebung sezione / sektion ii - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 . 40 m . emanuela piemontese ( roma ) , la comprensibilita ' delle leggi italiane : alcune osservazioni quantitative e qualitative 10 . 20 piero mercatali ( firenze ) , applicazione di metodi e strumenti informatici per l ' analisi della comprensibilita ' del testo della costituzione 11 . 00-11 . 30 pausa / pause 11 . 30 carlo biagioli ( firenze ) , strutturazione funzionale delle leggi per la progettazione di strumenti informatici a sostegno del drafting legislativo 12 . 10 jens woelk ( bozen ) , deutsche rechtssprache in suedtirol . irrwege und auswege aus der sicht eines ( deutschen ) juristen pomeriggio / nachmittag sezione / sektion i - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15 . 00 isolde burr ( koeln ) , mehrsprachige gesetzgebung und auslegung auf nationaler ebene : die rolle des italienischen in der schweizerischen gesetzgestaltung und in urteilen des schweizerischen bundesgericht 15 . 40 andreas loetscher ( basel ) , legaldefinitionen : textlinguistische probleme ihres gebrauchs im spannungsfeld von praezision , einfachheit und verstaendlichkeit 16 . 20-16 . 50 pausa / pause 16 . 50 werner aufschnaiter ( bolzano ) , die gesetzes - und amtssprache in suedtirol : nicht nur ein problem der uebersetzung 17 . 30 stefano giuliani ( innsbruck ) , la traduzione giuridica tra difficolta ' e strumenti di ausilio sezione / sektion ii - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15 . 00 massimo vedovelli / mauro barni / vittorio fineschi ( siena / pavia ) , usi linguistici in ambito giudiziario : strutture lessicali e testuali della perizia scritta e nella testimonianza processuale 15 . 40 franca orletti ( roma ) , intercettazioni telefoniche : teoria della trascrizione 20 . 00 cena sociale / gemeinsames abendessen = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = sabato 3 ottobre / samstag , 3 . oktober = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = mattina / vormittag sezione / sektion i - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 . 30 lorenza rega ( trieste ) , aspetti e problemi della traduzione delle formule di rito nell ' ambito giuridico 10 . 10 marella magris ( trieste ) , i nominali incapsulatori nel diritto . contributo alla competenza testuale e lessicale del traduttore . 10 . 50 stefania coluccia ( bolzano ) , problemi di traduzione nei testi legislativi 11 . 30-11 . 45 pausa / pause 11 . 45 christin coleselli ( bolzano ) , ueber die verwendung einiger begriffe und deren aequivalente : ausgewaehlte beispiele aus der uebersetzerpraxis 12 . 15 cristina fraenkel ( bolzano ) , la traduzione giuridica nell ' ottica del traduttore 12 . 15 monika ueberbacher ( bolzano ) , aspetti e difficolta ' legati all ' interpretazione sezione / sektion ii - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 . 30 gabriella dondolini scholl ( erlangen ) , i progetti vocallit e fachsprache jura per il linguaggio giuridico presso lo sprachenzentrum dell ' universita ' di erlangen - norimberga 10 . 10 susanne muehlhaus ( kingston ) , lernerbeduerfnisse englischer studenten der deutschen rechtssprache 10 . 50 stefania semplici ( siena ) , una proposta per l ' insegnamento del linguaggio del diritto 11 . 30-11 . 45 pausa / pause 11 . 45 stefania cavagnoli ( bolzano ) , valutazione di materiali didattici 12 . 30 lukas wertenschlag ( fribourg ) , deutsch fuer juristen und juristinnen an der zweisprachigen universitaet freiburg / fribourg ( schweiz ) 13 . 15 seduta plenaria / plenarsitzung : conclusione dei lavori / schlussbemerkungen - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - iscrizione / anmeldung : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - la partecipazione al convegno e ' aperta a tutti gli interessati . per l ' iscrizione si prega di compilare il modulo d ' iscrizione disponibile sul sito internet del convegno : http : / / www . eurac . edu / linjus98 / index _ it . htm e di inviarlo all ' indirizzo del convegno . l ' organizzazione del convegno offre un servizio di prenotazione albergo fino al 31 / 07 / 98 . per ulteriori informazioni sulle possibilita ' di soggiorno a bolzano si prega di consultare il sito internet : http : / / www . provinz . bz . it / stw / tourismus / hotel _ i . htm . die teilnahme an der tagung ist fur alle interessenten offen . fur die anmeldung ersuchen wir sie , das anmeldeformular auf der internetseite der tagung : http : / / www . eurac . edu / linjus98 / index _ de . htm auszufallen und an die tagungsadresse zuruckzusenden . die tagungsorganisation bietet bis zum 31 . juli einen zimmerreservierungsservice an . weitere infos bezuglich ubernachtungsmoglichkeiten in bozen konnen an der folgenden internet - adresse abgerufen werden : http : / / www . provinz . bz . it / stw / tourismus / hotel _ i . htm . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - indirizzo / tagungsadresse : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - convegno linguistica giuridica area scientifica lingua e diritto via weggenstein , 12 / a i - 39100 bolzano europaeische akademie bozen tagung rechtslinguistik bereich sprache und recht weggensteinstr . 12 / a i - 39100 bozen fax : + 39 + 0471 + 306199 tel : + 39 + 0471 + 306116 ( daniela veronesi ) e-mail : linjus98 @ eurac . edu
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 1819,""Subject: second call for participation for ecdl ' 98
  
  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ call for participation second european conference on research and advanced technology for digital libraries european european ics-forth university of union research crete consortium for informatics and mathematics - ieee computer society - lambrakis research foundation - ote - forthnet - intracom - cabernet - air greece - ergodata - swets & zeitlinger b . v . 19 - 23 september , 1998 knossos royal village , heraklion , crete , greece web page : http : / / www . csi . forth . gr / 2eurodl e - mail : ecdl @ cc . uch . gr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ we cordially invite you to join usat the second european conference on research and advanced technology for digital libraries , to be held at heraklion , crete , greece , september 19-23 . the conference opening session will take place at 9 . 00a . m . on monday the 21th of september 1998 and the final session will take place on wednesday afternoon , the 23rd of september 1998 . the technical talks are complemented by internationally renowned experts ' invited presentations and special sessions , panel discussions , as well as poster and demonstration sessions . the 7th delos workshop on electronic commerce will be held jointly with the second european conference on research and advanced technology . tutorials will be organized on the 19th and 20th of september 1998 . please note that early registration deadline is july 31 , 1998 . a limited number of fellowships for the conference and also for tutorials are available . for more information , including registration and fellowship application forms , please consult the appropriate sections of our conference web pages , http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / registration . html and http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / fellowships . html details concerning the conference programme can be found at the conference web page , under the ' conference programme ' section , http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / programme . html for specific information please consult the appropriate sections of the conference web pages : paper sessions - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / accpapers . html panel sessions - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / panels . html posters - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / posters . html demos - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / demos . html tutorials - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / tutorials . html invited speakers - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / speakers . html special sessions - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / sessions . html 7th delos workshop on electronic commerce - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / delos-7 . html
 "",0
 1820,""Subject: esslli ' 98 student session - 2nd cfp
  
  the esslli ' 98 student session august 17-28 , 1998 , saarbruecken , germany deadline : february 15th , 1998 http : / / www . coli . uni-sb . de / esslli / we are pleased to announce the student session of the 10th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli ' 98 ) organized by dfki and the university of saarbruecken , germany . and taking place at the university of saarbruecken in august 17-28 , 1998 . we welcome submissions of papers for presentation at the esslli ' 98 student session and to appear in the proceedings . purpose : this is going to be the third esslli student session and as before , it will provide an opportunity for esslli participants who are students to present their own work in progress and get valuable feedback from other researchers and fellow-students . presentation of creative and innovative ideas is encouraged . the esslli ' 98 student session welcomes submissions from students at any level , that is , from undergraduates ( before completion of master degree ) as well as postgraduates ( before completion of phd degree ) . note also that all authors of esslli ' 98 papers have to be students , papers co-authored by non-students cannot be accepted . as in the previous years , the esslli ' 98 student session will consist of paper presentations . the esslli ' 98 student session has its own timeslot in the esslli ' 98 schedule : 60 minutes every day for two weeks , provided that a sufficient number of good quality papers is accepted . each presentation will last 30 minutes ( including 10 minutes of discussion ) . requirements : the student session papers should describe original , unpublished work , completed or in progress that demonstrates insight , creativity , and promise . no previously published papers should be submitted . all topics within the usual six esslli subject areas are of interest , without further restrictions . the areas are as follows : logic , linguistics , computation , logic & linguistics , logic & computation , and linguistics & computation . the accepted papers will be published in the esslli ' 98 student session proceedings , which will be made available along with the readers for the esslli ' 98 courses . format of submission : student authors should submit an anonymous extended abstract headed by the paper title , not to exceed 4 pages of length exclusive of references and a separate identification page ( see below ) . note that the length of the full papers will not be allowed to exceed 10 pages . since reviewing will be """" blind """" , the body of the abstract should omit author names and addresses . furthermore , self-references that reveal the authors ' identity ( e . g . , ` ` we previously showed ( smith , 1991 ) . . . ' ' ) should be avoided . instead , use references like ` ` smith ( 1991 ) previously showed . . . ' ' . to identify each paper , a separate identification page should be supplied containing the paper 's title , the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , the author ( s ) ' affiliation ( s ) and complete addresse ( s ) a short ( 5 line ) summary and a specification of the subject area into which the paper belongs . the subject areas considered are : logic , linguistics , computation , logic & linguistics , logic & computation , and linguistics & computation . media of submission and formatting requirements : the student authors should submit their papers electronically to : korbay @ ufal . mff . cuni . cz for any kind of submission a plain ascii text version of the identification page should be sent separately by email , using the following format : title : < title > author : < name of first author > address : < affiliation and address of first author > . . . author : < name of last author > address : < affiliation and address of last author > short summary ( 5 lines ) : < summary > subject area ( one of ) : [ logic | linguistics | computation | logic&linguistics | logic&computation | linguistics&computation ] please always submit the identification page in a separate message . the submissions should be in one of the following formats : - self-contained latex source ( the most encouraged ) - postscript - ascii text esslli ' 98 student session information : in order to present a paper at the esslli ' 98 student session , every student author has to register as a participant at esslli ' 98 . however , authors of accepted papers will be eligible for a reduced registration fee . for all information concerning esslli ' 98 , please consult the esslli ' 98 web site : http : / / www . coli . uni-sb . de / esslli / if you have specific questions about the student session please contact the chair . important dates : deadline for submissions : february 15 , 1998 notifications : april 15 , 1998 final version due : may 15 , 1998 esslli ' 98 student session : august 17-28 , 1998 program comittee for the esslli ' 98 student session : ivana kruijff - korbayova ( chair ) korbay @ ufal . mff . cuni . cz ufal mff uk malostranske nam . 25 118 35 praha 1 czech republic tel : ( + 420 - 2 ) 2191 4288 fax : ( + 420 - 2 ) 2191 4309 area co-chairs : language and computation : kordula de kuthy ( university of saarbruecken ) computation : michal soch ( czech technical university ) logic : carlos areces ( university of warwick ) language : berthold crysmann ( university of saarbruecken ) logic & computation : jaime ramos ( technical university of lisabon ) logic and language : - to be confirmed
 "",0
 1821,""Subject: third utrecht biannual phonology workshop
  
  call for abstracts third utrecht biannual phonology workshop rene kager & wim zonneveld utrecht institute of linguistics : ots organisers 11-13 june 1998 theme : typology and language acquisition invited speakers : bruce hayes ( ucla ) and joe pater ( ubc ) deadline for abstracts : 1 march 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = it is a standard assumption that the striking structural resemblances between human languages are explained from the common starting point : u . g . the study of the striking resemblances ( and range of differences ) is called ` typology ' . the direct study of the common starting point is that of ` first language acquisition ' . since the introduction of so-called ` constraint-based theories ' , the field of typology and language acquisition is a candidate for a redefinition of its contents and its goals . questions that can be raised inlcude the following : - what is the nature of the common starting point ? is it an unstructured pool of constraints , where the process of language acquisition consists of providing structure ? is it highly structured ( is there a common completely ` unmarked ' , but structured ) point of departure ) , where language acquisition consists of adding markedness ? - is the learning task larger ( although not necessarily more difficult ) than previously imagined ? - to what extent is learning guided by factors of markedness that have an extralinguistic source , e . g . , production and / or perception factors ? - is the methodological process of excluding impossible languages different in constraint-based theories , and if so , how ? - is it possible to imagine combined theories of constraints and traditional parameters , both in the area of ( adult ) typology and language acquisition ? = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = abstracts are requested to have a length of 800 words ( references incl . ) . they will be judged according to the following priority scale : - integration of acquisitional and typology issues - acquisitional issues - typological issues any queries : rene . kager @ let . ruu . nl wim . zonneveld @ let . ruu . nl trans 10 3512 jk utrecht the netherlands fax : 31 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lot landelijke onderzoekschool taalwetenschap netherlands graduate school of linguistics trans 10 3512 jk utrecht phone : + 31 30 2536006 fax : + 31 30 2536000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",0
 1822,""Subject: complexity in language contact , acquisition and change
  
  newsletter 1 . workshop on complexity in language contact , acquisition and change . 8 september 1998 , paris , france . in colaboration with the cnrs ( centre national de recherche scientifique ) , the lot ( netherlands graduate school of linguistics ) is organizing some workshops to create a forum to encourage the discussion between researchers in linguistics from the netherlands and france . one of the workshops is initiated by members of the university of amsterdam and has as its subject : complexity in language contact , acquisition and change . the workshop will take place on tuesday the 8th of september , starting at 14 . 30 until approximately 20 . 00h . the theme although there is a kind of dogma that all natural languages are equally complex , at least for certain subsystems of language there may well be differences in complexity . in discussions of processes of language change and first and second language acquisition the notion of complexity plays an important role . especially in creole studies simplicity and complexity implicitly have been dominant issues in the debate , but are seldom properly scrutinized . in this workshop we want to discuss the role of complexity in these domains , including grammatical theory , first and second language acquisition , language change and language contact - in order to shed light on controversial problems invoked by the term complexity in linguistics in general . the structure of the workshop the workshop is organized around three themes : creole languages , language acquisition and language change . each theme will be discussed by researchers from france and the netherlands in 10 minutes presentations , inspired by the following propositions . after these short presentations there will be time for discussion in each session . 1 . all languages have the same """" costs / payment """" balance , i . e . if a language becomes phonologically more simple , its morphological system will become more complex . [ cf . haugen 1976 : 286 ] 2 . all complexity in languages resides in the lexicon . [ cf . aronoff 1995 ] 3 . languages spoken within small communities are more complex than languages of large communities . [ cf . whinnom 1980 , hymes 1971 , mhlhusler 1996 ] 4 . language shift will in general lead to simplification , while borrowing will lead generally to more complex structures . [ cf . thomason & kaufman 1988 ] 5 . complexity does not play a role in first language acquisition , but it does in second language acquisition . [ cf . trudgill 1992 ] 6 . grammaticalization leads to greater complexity . [ labov 1990 , bickerton 1981 ] programme 14 . 30 chair and opening pieter muysken ( university of amsterdam / leiden ) 14 . 35 : introduction hadewych van rheeden ( university of amsterdam ) wouter kusters ( university of amsterdam ) 14 . 55 : language acquisition elisabeth van der linden ( university of amsterdam ) daniel veronique ( universit de la sorbonne nouvelle , paris iii ) colette noyau ( universit de paris x ) peter coopmans ( university of utrecht ) 15 . 55 : break 16 . 15 : creoles jacques arends ( university of amsterdam ) adrienne bruyn ( university of amsterdam ) karl gadelii ( university of gteborg ) andree tabouret - keller ( universit de strasbourg ) 17 . 15 : break chair : to be announced 17 . 35 : language change marc van oostendorp ( university of amsterdam / leiden ) fred weerman ( university of utrecht ) colette feuillard ( universit ren descartes , paris v ) muriel norde ( university of amsterdam ) francoise gadet ( universit de paris x ) 19 . 00 : general discussion . 20 . 00 : drinks and dinner . please let us know if you are interested to join this workshop . if you need more information , just contact wouter kusters and / or hadewych van rheeden : wouter . kusters @ let . uva . nl h . a . van . rheeden @ let . uva . nl another workshop will be held on wednesday the 9th , on the subject of competing principles in learners varieties , organized within the same joint programme of lot and cnrs . these workshops are immediately followed by the eurosla 8 conference on second language acquisition . for more information on the eurosla 8 look at http : / / www . kun . nl / ttmb / news . html . in the next newsletter the exact location of the workshop will be announced .
 "",0
 1823,""Subject: ld ' 98 - call for participation
  
  ld ' 98 the first international workshop on labelled deduction freiburg , germany september 7 - 9 , 1998 http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for participation * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advanced program , registration , travel and accomodation information are available at the homepage of the workshop http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 aim and format to survey research in the field , and to allow researchers ( in logic , computer science , artificial intelligence , linguistics , etc . ) to exchange ideas , techniques and results . both finished work and work in progress will be reported . topics of interest papers on current research in all aspects of labelled deduction , including but not limited to : o logical modeling based on labelled deduction o formal metatheory for , or based on , labelled deduction o hybrid reasoners and combinations of logics based on labelling o automated reasoning , implementation , and system support o annotated logic programming o applications conference site institut fuer informatik of the university of freiburg . freiburg is a medieval town of about 200 , 000 inhabitants at the edge of the black forrest . the city is easily accessible , being within an hour from international airports in strasbourg and basel . there are also good connections ( hourly trains ) to airports in frankfurt and zurich , which are about 2 to 3 hours away . organizing committee david basin and luca vigano ` program committee david basin , institut fuer informatik , freiburg , germany marcello d ' agostino , universita ` di ferrara , italy dov gabbay , king 's college , london , uk sean matthews , max - planck - institut fuer informatik , saarbruecken , germany luca vigano ` , institut fuer informatik , freiburg , germany
 "",0
 1824,""Subject: context 99 - first call for papers
  
  modeling and using context trento , italy , september 9-11 , 1999 . http : / / www-sysdef . lip6 . fr / context-99 / the second international and interdisciplinary conference on modeling and using context ( context ' 99 ) aims at providing a high quality forum for discussion on context among researchers active in artificial intelligence , cognitive science , computer science , linguistics , philosophy , and psychology . topics of interest topics of interest include ( but are not restricted to ) the following : animated characters cognitive modeling commonsense reasoning communication constraint - based reasoning databases and active databases data mining decision support systems diagnostic reasoning dynamics of context formal theories of context propositional attitudes heterogeneous information integration information management intelligent tutoring systems knowledge engineering knowledge representation machine learning multi - agent systems natural language processing natural language semantics pattern recognition philosophical foundations pragmatics temporal reasoning spatial reasoning submission of papers participants will be selected on the basis of submitted papers ( 10 single-spaced a4 pages maximum ) by three referees at least . papers must include in the first page : title , author 's name ( s ) , affiliation , complete mailing address , phone number , fax number , e-mail address , an abstract of 300 words maximum , and up to five keywords . electronic submission ( compressed / zipped / gzipped standard postscript file under the name first-author . ps ) is strongly encouraged ; alternatively , authors may send five hardcopies of the paper via surface mail . submitted papers should arrive to the conference chair no later than march 30 , 1999 . patrick brezillion context ' 99 conference chair , university paris vi , 4 , place jussieu , f-75252 paris cedex 05 , france e - mail : patrick . brezillon @ lip6 . fr important dates submission deadline : march 30 , 1999 notification of acceptance : may 21 , 1999 deadline for final papers : june 11 , 1999 conference : sept . 9-11 , 1999 further information the proceedings of the conference will be published by an international publisher and distributed at the conference . proposals for tutorials and workshops should be sent to the conference chair by december 24 , 1998 . programme committee aamodt a . ( norway ) kodratoff y . ( france ) abu - hakima s . ( canada ) kokinov b . ( bulgaria ) akman v . ( turkey ) maybury m . t . ( usa ) bonzon p . ( switzerland ) moulin b . ( canada ) castelfranchi c . ( italy ) noriega p . ( spain ) cavalcanti m . ( brazil ) paris c . ( australia ) chandrasekaran b . ( usa ) penco c . ( italy ) dichev c . ( bulgaria ) perry j . ( usa ) edmonds b . ( uk ) pomerol j . - ch . ( france ) fauconnier g . ( usa ) raccah p . y . ( france ) fisher m . ( uk ) rastier f . ( france ) frasson c . ( canada ) shahar y . ( usa ) gabbay d . ( uk ) sharma n . ( usa ) gaines b . ( canada ) singh m . ( usa ) giunchiglia e . ( italy ) tiberghien g . ( france ) giunchiglia f . ( italy ) thomason r . ( usa ) guha r . ( usa ) turner r . ( usa ) hayes p . ( usa ) widmer g . ( austria ) hayes - roth b . ( usa ) wilson d . ( uk ) hollnagel e . ( denmark ) young robert ( usa ) iwanska l . ( usa ) young roger ( uk ) organizing committee conference chair patrick brezillon lip6 , box 169 , university paris vi , 4 , place jussieu , f-75252 paris cedex 05 ( france ) e - mail : patrick . brezillon @ lip6 . fr programme co-chairs paolo bouquet luciano serafini university of trento , itc-irst , trento ( italy ) trento ( italy ) e - mail : bouquet @ cs . unitn . it e - mail : serafini @ irst . itc . it publicity chair massimo benerecetti university of trento , trento ( italy ) e - mail : bene @ cs . unitn . it
 "",0
 1825,""Subject: last cfp : acm sac ' 99 - track on coordination
  
  * * * final call for papers and referees * * * = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 1999 acm symposium on applied computing ( sac ' 99 ) special track on coordination models , languages and applications february 28 - march 2 , 1999 the menger , san antonio , texas , u . s . a . ( http : / / www . cs . ucy . ac . cy / sac99 . html ) sac ' 99 : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ over the past thirteen years , the acm symposium on applied computing ( sac ) has become a primary forum for applied computer scientists and application developers from around the world to interact and present their work . sac ' 99 is sponsored by the acm special interest groups sigada , sigapp , sigbio , and sigcue . authors are invited to contribute original papers in all areas of experimental computing and application development for the technical sessions . there will be a number of special tracks on such issues as programming languages , parallel and distributed computing , mobile and scientific computing , internet and the www , etc . coordination models , languages and applications track : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a special track on coordination models , languages and applications will be held at sac ' 99 . the term """" coordination """" here is used in a rather broad sense covering traditional models and languages ( e . g . ones based on the shared dataspace and cham metaphors ) but also other related formalisms such as configuration and architectural description frameworks , systems modeling abstractions and languages , programming skeletons , etc . this track on coordination is held for the second time as part of acm sac 's events . the cfp for the acm sac ' 98 track attracted 33 submissions from 18 countries ; 8 of those submissions were accepted as regular papers and 4 more as short papers . major topics of interest include but are not limited to the following : * novel models , languages , programming and implementation techniques . * relationship with other computational models such as object oriented , declarative ( functional , logic , constraint ) programming or extensions of them with coordination capabilities . * applications ( especially where the industry is involved ) . * theoretical aspects ( semantics , reasoning , verification ) . * software architectures and software engineering techniques . * middleware platforms ( e . g . corba ) . * all aspects related to the modeling of information systems ( groupware , internet and the web , workflow management , cscw ) . track program chair : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ george a . papadopoulos department of computer science university of cyprus 75 kallipoleos str . , p . o . b . 537 cy-1678 , nicosia , cyprus e - mail : george @ cs . ucy . ac . cy tel : + 357 2 338705 / 06 , fax : + 357 2 339062 guidelines for submission : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ original papers from the above-mentioned or other related areas will be considered . this includes three categories of submissions : 1 ) original and unpublished research ; 2 ) reports of innovative computing applications in the arts , sciences , engineering , business , government , education and industry ; and 3 ) reports of successful technology transfer to new problem domains . each submitted paper will be fully refereed and undergo a blind review process by at least three referees . the accepted papers in all categories will be published in the acm sac ' 99 proceedings . there will also be a special issue of the journal of programming languages , chapman & hall ( http : / / www . chapmanhall . com / jp / default . html ) with expanded versions of selected papers from those that will be accepted for this special track as regular papers . submission guidelines must be strictly followed : * submit six ( 6 ) copies of original manuscripts to the sac ' 99 coordination models , languages and applications track program chair ( address shown above ) . alternatively , submit your paper electronically in uuencoded compressed postscript format ; this is strongly encouraged . fax submissions will not be accepted . * the author ( s ) name ( s ) and address ( es ) must not appear in the body of the paper , and self-reference should be in the third person . this is to facilitate blind review . * the body of the paper should not exceed 5 , 000 words ( approximately 15 pages , double-spaced ) . * a separate cover sheet ( in the case of electronic submission this should be sent separately from the main paper ) should show the title of the paper , the author ( s ) name ( s ) and affiliation ( s ) , and the address ( including e-mail , telephone , and fax ) to which correspondence should be sent . * all submissions must be received by august 17 , 1998 . anyone wishing to review papers for this special track should contact the track program chair at the address shown above . important dates : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * august 17 , 1998 : paper submission . * october 15 , 1998 : author notification . * december 1 , 1998 : camera - ready copy .
 "",0
 1826,""Subject: books on functional linguistics
  
  john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the four following titles in the field of functional linguistics : reconnecting language : morphology and syntax in functional perspectives a . . - m . simon - vandenbergen , k . davidse and d . niel ( eds ) ( univ . of gent / univ . of leuven / univ . of gent ) 1997 . xii , 212 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 154 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 870 1 price : usd 79 . 00 rest of the world : hb 90 272 3659 3 price : nlg 158 , - - although the contributors to this book do not belong to one particular 's chool ' of linguistic theory , they all share an interest in the external functions of language in society and in the relationship between these functions and internal linguistic phenomena . in this sense , they all take a functional approach to grammatical issues . apart from this common starting-point , the contributions share the aim of demonstrating the non-autonomous nature of morphology and syntax , and the inadequacy of linguistic models which deal with syntax , morphology and lexicon in separate , independent components . the recurrent theme throughout the book is the inseparability of lexis and morphosyntax , of structure and function , of grammar and society . the third and more specific common thread is case , which in some contributions is adduced to illustrate the more general point of the link between word form on the one hand and clausal and textual relations on the other hand , while in other papers it is at the centre of the discussion . the interest of the proposed volume consists in the fact that it brings together the views of leading scholars in functional linguistics of various 'd enominations ' on the place of morphosyntax in linguistic theory . the book provides convincing argumentation against a modular theory with autonomous levels ( the dominant framework in mainstream 20th century linguistics ) and is a plea for further research into the connections between the lexicogrammar and the linguistic and extra-linguistic context . contributions by : m . a . k . halliday ; c . hagege ; robert de beaugrande ; pew sgall ; stanley starosta ; william mcgregor ; anna siewierska ; marja - liisa helasvuo ; karen e . robblee ; alice caffarel ; motoko hori . the linguistics of giving john newman ( ed . ) ( massey university , new zealand ) 1997 . xv , 373 pp . typological studies in language , 36 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 647 4 price : usd 98 . 00 pb : 1 55619 648 2 price : usd 34 . 95 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 2933 3 price : nlg 196 , - - pb : 90 272 2934 1 price : nlg 70 , - - in this collection of papers , twelve linguists explore a range of interesting properties of ' give ' verbs . the volume offers an in-depth look at many morphological , syntactic , and semantic properties of ' give ' verbs , including both literal and figurative senses , across languages . topics include : an apparent zero-morpheme realization of ' give ' in a papuan language ; noun plus causative-like suffix expressing the ' give ' concept in nahuatl ; ' give ' and other ditransitive constructions in zulu ; the complex verbal morphologies associated with ' give ' verbs in chipewyan , cora , and sochiapan chinantec ; the elaborate classificatory system found with ' give ' verbs in chipewyan and cora ; ' give ' , ' have ' and ' take ' constructions in slavic languages ; the expression of ' give ' in american sign language ; the origin of the german es gibt construction ; the extension of ' give ' to an adverbial marker in thai , khmer , and vietnamese ; the syntax and semantics of dutch ' give ' ; first language acquisition of possession terms . contributions by : john robert , david tuggy , john taylor , sally rice , eugene casad , phyllis perrin wilcox , david foris , laura janda , theo janssen , john newman , jae jung song , and michael tomasello . information status and noncanonical word order in english . betty birner & gregory ward 1998 xiv 314 pp . studies in language companion series 40 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 926 0 price : 69 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 3043 9 price : nlg 138 , - - this work provides a comprehensive discourse-functional account of three classes of noncanonical constituent placement in english - preposing , postposing , and argument reversal - and shows how their interaction is accounted for in a principled and predictive way . in doing so , it details the variety of ways in which information can be ' given ' or new ' and shows how an understanding of this variety allows us to account for the distribution of these constructions in discourse . moreover , the authors show that there exist broad and empirically verifiable functional correspondences within classes of syntactically similar constructions . relying heavily on corpus data , the authors identify three interacting dimensions along which individual constructions may vary with respect to the pragmatic constraints to which they are sensitive : old vs . new information , relative vs . absolute familiarity , and discourse - vs . hearer-familiarity . they show that preposed position is reserved for information that is linked to the prior discourse by means of a contextually licensed partially-ordered set relationship ; postposed position is reserved for information that is ' new ' in one of a small number of distinct senses ; and argument-reversing constructions require that the information represented by the preverbal constituent be at least as familiar within the discourse as that represented by the postverbal constituent . within each of the three classes of constructions , individual constructions vary with respect to whether they are sensitive to familiarity within the discourse or ( assumed ) familiarity within the hearer 's knowledge store . thus , although the individual constructions in question are subject to distinct constraints , this work provides empirical evidence for the existence of strong correlations between sentence position and information status . the final chapter presents crosslinguistic data showing that these correlations are not limited to english . the structure of the lexicon in functional grammar hella olbertz , kees hengeveld & jesus sanchez garcia ( eds . ) ( university of amsterdam ) 1998 . xii , 312 pp . studies in language companion series , 43 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 929 5 price : usd 69 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 3046 3 price : nlg 138 , - - the papers collected in this volume concern five different aspects of the role of the lexicon in the theory of functional grammar as developed by simon c . dik and his co-workers . the volume starts off with a practical introduction to the functional - lexematic model and model applications to english , german and spanish are presented . the second part of the volume deals with the derivation of action-nouns , pseudo-reflexive verbs and causative constructions , thus offering new perspectives on predicate formation within functional grammar . this is followed by a section that centers around an important problem related to valency : the question of how to account for the collocational properties of predicates . the fourth part of the book discusses ( non-prototypical ) transitive verbs and their relation to the typology of states of affairs . the final section focuses on the relationship between the lexicon and the underlying structure of the clause . check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com /
 "",0
 1827,""Subject: console - 7
  
  final call for papers ! ! ! console 7 the seventh meeting of the student organisation of linguistics in europe ( console ) will be held at the university of bergen , norway , from 9 to 11 december 1998 . speakers will get free accomodation ! sole aims at providing students of generative linguistics with a possibility of gaining international experience and a publication forum of their own . furthermore , sole strives to enhance contacts and cooperation between students of generative linguistics in europe and around the world . papers are solicited from students in the field of generative linguistics , more specifically in , but not limited to , phonology , morphology , semantics , sign language , language acquisition and syntax . submissions may be sent either by regular mail or e-mail . if regular mail is used , please send five copies , of which four should be anonymous and one should contain your name , affiliation , address and e-mail address . abstracts should be set in at least 10 point and must not exceed two pages , including references , diagrams , and examples . please send abstracts to : console 7 department of linguistics and comparative literature section for linguistic studies sydnesplass 7 n-5007 bergen norway e - mail submissions must be text only ( ascii format ) . abstracts submitted in this way should not exceed 1300 words , including references , diagrams , and examples , and they may be sent to : abstracts @ babel . ling . uib . no the deadline for submission is 1 august , 1998 ( regardless of mode of submission ) . abstracts received after 1 august will not be considered . submissions by fax will not be accepted . questions regarding submissions and the conference in general can be addressed to the local organisers at the following e-mail address or fax number : e - mail : console7 @ babel . ling . uib . no fax : + 47-55 58 93 54 or to the sole board at the following e-mail address : sole @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl information regarding the conference can be found at the following website : http : / / www . ling . uib . no / console - 7 local organisers : sole board : oystein alexander vangsnes michael redford dagmar bendt tina cambier - langeveld inger marie berntzen aniko liptak torodd kinn martha thunes
 "",0
 1828,""Subject: contrastive linguistics and translation
  
  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers and participation symposium contrastive linguistics and translation studies empirical approaches universit catholique de louvain louvain - la - neuve , belgium 5 - 6 february , 1999 introduction over the last few years an important change has taken place in research into contrastive linguistics and translation studies . whereas previously both fields have drawn on largely introspective methodologies , most research is now conducted on large bodies of bilingual or multilingual data , a change which has had the important effect of providing the two disciplines with a much more solid empirical basis . many researchers are now working with computerised data , in many cases using specifically designed linguistic software tools to conduct automatic or semi-automatic analyses . bilingual concordancers are a case in point . research projects along these lines are becoming more widespread throughout the academic community and initial results are highly encouraging , revealing the enormous potential of computerised corpus analyses both for contrastive linguistics and translation studies . of course many researchers are still opting to use purely manual methods of analysis : indeed for many types of linguistic analysis ( semantic or discourse analysis for example ) , they will remain the only option for the foreseeable future . it is also notable that there are very few bilingual computer corpora available . for many therefore , the use of manual methods may not be a question of choice . this symposium is intended to bring together specialists in the fields of contrastive linguistics and translation studies conducting research on bilingual or multilingual corpora of any type . one important objective will be to demonstrate to what extent detailed corpus analysis can support , contradict or refine introspective contrastive analyses . another key aim is to examine the strengths and weaknesses of manual and automatic methods of data analysis . and lastly , the meeting will provide a valuable opportunity to exchange and share data , a step on the way to setting up an international multilingual databank available to everyone working in the field . symposium topics below is a non-exhaustive list of subject areas which we hope to address during the symposium : - contrastive lexicology ( in particular , contrastive phraseology ) - bilingual / multilingual lexicography - contrastive semantics - contrastive syntax - contrastive pragmatics - compiling and exploiting bilingual / multilingual computerised corpora - software tools for the analysis of bilingual corpora ( bilingual concordancing , automatic alignment , multilingual part-of - speech tagging , etc . ) - bilingual corpora and automatic / computer-aided translation languages english and french will be the two official symposium languages , with most papers given in english . symposium venue the symposium will take place in louvain - la - neuve , an entirely pedestrian university campus which , with its cafes , restaurants , shops , sports centre , cinema and theatre , offers all the advantages of a real town . 20 minutes away from brussels , it is easy to reach by car , train and plane , brussels national airport being within very easy reach . deadline for abstracts anyone wishing to present a paper at the symposium should send a one page abstract in electronic format ( preferably a word attachment ) to sylviane granger ( address below ) by 16 october 1998 at the latest . notification of acceptance will be given by 6 november 1998 . payment the cost of the symposium is as follows : - before 30 november 1998 : 2500 belgian francs - after 30 november 1998 : 3500 belgian francs this includes the symposium fee , the book of abstracts , coffee breaks and lunch on both days . accommodation two types of accommodation are on offer : - chambre la rsidence universitaire ( le relais , rue de la gare 6 , 1348 louvain - la - neuve ) : 1600 fb par nuit , petit djeuner inclus ; - chambre l ' htel de lauzelle ( avenue de lauzelle 61 , 1348 louvain - la - neuve ) : 2600 fb par nuit , petit djeuner inclus ( chambre simple ) . note : only thirty rooms are available at the university guesthouse and places will be allocated on a strictly first-come first-served basis . scientific committee bengt altenberg ( university of lund , sweden ) ludo beheydt ( universit catholique de louvain , belgium ) hlne chuquet ( university of poitiers , france ) jean - pierre colson ( institut libre marie - haps brussels & universit catholique de louvain , belgium ) thierry fontenelle ( european commission translation service , luxembourg ) sylviane granger ( universit catholique de louvain , belgium ) jacques lerot ( universit catholique de louvain , belgium ) raphal salkie ( university of brighton , uk ) organizing committee sylviane granger ( universit catholique de louvain ) jacques lerot ( universit catholique de louvain ) andr hantson ( facults universitaires notre - dame de la paix namur ) michel kefer ( universit de lige ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - pre-registration form please return to the following address : professor sylviane granger , universit catholique de louvain , college erasme , place blaise pascal 1 , b-1348 louvain - la - neuve , belgium . telephone : + 32 10474947 ; ( secretary ) + 3210474940 fax : + 32 10474942 email : granger @ lige . ucl . ac . be - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - contrastive linguistics and translation studies empirical approaches universit catholique de louvain , louvain - la - neuve ( belgium ) 5 - 6 february 1999 surname : first name : institution : address : telephone : fax : e-mail : i wish to take part in the ' contrastive linguistics and translation studies ' symposium which will take place in louvain - la - neuve , 5 - 6th february , 1999 . i wish to take part in the symposium without giving a paper : yes / no i wish to give a paper / poster : yes / no provisional title of the paper / poster : i wish to demonstrate software at the symposium : yes / no provisional title of the demonstration : i wish to reserve accommodation : yes / no i would like to reserve a room in the university guesthouse , le relais , for 4th february / 5th february / 6th february / 7th february , making a total of . . . . . . nights . i would like to reserve a room in the hotel de lauzelle for 4th february / 5th february / 6th february / 7th february , making a total of . . . . . . nights . i would like to put my name down for the dinner on friday evening ( c . 1000 fb ) : yes / no on receipt of your application , you will be sent an itemized invoice .
 "",0
 1829,""Subject: germanic syntax workshop at esslli-98
  
  program and call for participation for the workshop on current topics in constraint-based theories of germanic syntax saarbruecken , 17 . - 21 . august 1998 organized as part of the 10th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli ) by tibor kiss ( ibm germany ) and detmar meurers ( univ . tuebingen ) monday , 17 . august : tibor kiss ( ibm germany ) : introduction : empirical problems in the study of germanic syntax bob carpenter ( lucent technologies bell laboratories ) : german word order and ` ` linearization ' ' in type - logical grammar frank richter & manfred sailer ( univ . tuebingen ) : complementizers and finite verbs in german sentence structure tuesday , 18 . august : per anker jensen & peter skadhauge ( south . denmark business school ) : linearization and diathetic alternations in danish stefan mueller ( dfki gmbh ) : case in german - - an hpsg analysis detmar meurers ( univ . tuebingen ) : raising spirits ( and assigning them case ) wednesday , 19 . august : frank van eynde ( katholieke universiteit leuven ) : functional projections and dutch complementizers invited speaker : hans uszkoreit ( univ . des saarlandes / dfki gmbh ) : on the distribution of extraposed relative clauses thursday , 20 . august : jonas kuhn ( univ . stuttgart ) : resource sensitivity in the syntax - semantics interface and the german split np construction kordula de kuthy ( univ . des saarlandes ) : splitting pp arguments from nps - - an argument raising approach and its interaction with lexical semantics judith berman ( univ . stuttgart ) : on the syntax of correlative ` es ' and finite clauses in german - - an lfg analysis friday , 21 . august : adam bodomo ( univ . of hong kong ) : a lexical semantic analysis of ` faa ' complex predicates in norwegian lutz gunkel ( fu berlin ) causatives in german discussion the proceedings are available on-line at : http : / / www . sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de / ~ dm / esslli98 /
 "",0
 1830,""Subject: lacl98 ( logical aspects of computational ling 98 )
  
  logical aspects of computational linguistics ( lacl98 ) third ( final ) call for papers deadline extension : august 7 , 1998 conference time and place : 14-16 december 1998 projet calligramme ( loria ) universite pierre mendes - france , grenoble 2 france theme the lacl conferences provide a platform for the presentation of new and original research on the use of logical techniques , both model-theoretic and proof-theoretic , in the field of computational linguistics . the first two editions of the conference were held in nancy ( france ) , in september 1996 and 1997 . proceedings of these events are published in the springer lecture notes in artificial intelligence series . see http : / / www . loria . fr / ~ retore / leslacl . html for more information . from lacl98 on , the conference will operate on a bi-annual schedule , so as to optimize the alternation with related events . invited speakers makoto kanazawa ( chiba ) [ * ] per martin - lof ( stockholm ) fernando pereira ( att research ) [ * ] [ * ] confirmed topics of interest we hereby invite computational linguists , logicians , computer scientists and / or philosophers to submit papers describing original and unpublished research related to the conference theme . topics of interest include , but are not limited to : - logical foundations of computational grammar formalisms ; - model-theoretic and proof-theoretic methods in linguistics ; - constraint-based and resource-sensitive approaches to grammatical analysis ; - linguistic applications of linear logic , type theory ; - - computational complexity of type logics and feature logics ; - - natural-language interfaces for automated theorem provers submissions the lacl98 conference has an electronic refereeing procedure . submissions consist of two parts : - a page containing the title of the paper , the name and affiliation of the author ( s ) , e-mail and postal address ( es ) . format : plain ascii . - an abstract of maximally 4 pages ( including figures and references ) , containing the title of the contribution , but not the name of the author ( s ) . format : plain ascii , or ( preferably ) postscript , dvi , pdf ( in a unix compatible mode , if encoded ) . deadline extension : submissions have to be sent to the following e-mail address , before august 7 , 1998 : e-mail : lacl98 @ let . ruu . nl the notifications of acceptance will be sent out the first week of september . the collection of the selected abstracts will be available at the conference . after the conference , authors are invited to submit a full paper ( up to 20 pages ) for publication . the final papers will appear in a special volume of the springer - verlag series of lecture notes in computer science ( lncs / lnai ) . important dates august 7 , 1998 : 4 - page abstract due 1st week of september 1998 : notification of acceptance 1st week of november 1998 : final 4 - page abstract due december 14-16 , 1998 : conference dates program commitee chair : michael moortgat ( ots , utrecht ) johan van benthem ( illc , amsterdam ) gosse bouma ( groningen ) vijay shanker ( delaware ) erhard hinrichs ( tuebingen ) mary dalrymple ( xerox parc ) ruy de queiroz ( ufpe , sao paolo ) francois lamarche ( inria nancy ) christian retore ( inria rennes ) uwe reyle ( ims stuttgart ) organising commitee chair : alain lecomte ( grenoble ) denis vernant ( pl&c ) , jean - michel adam ( imss ) , claude jeannin ( ufr shs ) , catherine finkel ( upmf ) addresses for information related to the conference organisation , contact : alain lecomte departement imss universite pierre mendes - france bp 47 x 38040 grenoble cedex 9 france tel : + 33 4 76 82 78 52 fax : + 33 4 76 82 56 65 e-mail : alain . lecomte @ upmf-grenoble . fr http : / / www-bshm . upmf-grenoble . fr / ~ alecomte for information related to the conference program and submission procedure , contact : michael moortgat utrecht institute of linguistics ots trans 10 3512 jk utrecht the netherlands tel : + 31 30 2536043 fax : + 31 30 2536406 e-mail : michael . moortgat @ let . ruu . nl http : / / www-uilots . let . ruu . nl / user / uilots / moortgat / home . html conference url the lacl98 homepage will be regularly updated with conference information : http : / / www-bshm . upmf-grenoble . fr / lacl98
 "",0
 1831,""Subject: workshop on interlinguas
  
  although the date for intent to participate has passed , we invite you to still consider submitting a position paper for the second workshop on interlinguas , to be held october 27 in conjunction with the amta . deadline for receipt of position papers is august 10 . if you check our website , you will see that we have posted a multilingual dialogue as an additional source of position paper topics . we also currently have a multilingual text in english , french , spanish , german , russian , bulgarian , italian , catalan , vietnamese , malay , greek , bulgarian , and portuguese versions on line , with glosses for spanish , german , and catalan . we are still looking for people who might help with entering the chinese , tamil , arabic , and persian versions , as well as providing glosses for these and the other languages . if you could help out , please contact me at shelmrei @ crl . nmsu . edu . thanks , steve helmreich [ http : / / crl . nmsu . edu / events / fwoi / secondworkshop / index . html ]
 "",0
 1832,""Subject: texas linguistics society 1999
  
  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - announcing the 1999 conference of the texas linguistics society perspectives on argument structure to be held at the university of texas at austin , march 5 - 7 , 1999 . keynote speakers : beth levin ( northwestern university ) james pustejovsky ( brandeis university ) michael tanenhaus ( university of rochester ) deadline for receipt of abstracts : october 16 , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - abstracts are invited for 30 - minute talks ( with 10 additional minutes for discussion ) . issues of argument structure have proven to be of long-standing interest within diverse subfields of linguistics . the intent of this conference is to bring together researchers working on argument structure from different perspectives . in keeping with this idea , presentations that address argument structure from the perspective of formal syntax or semantics are encouraged , as well as those that take psycholinguistic , computational or other approaches . potential topics include , but are not limited to : * theories of linking ; relating argument structure to syntactic structure * accounts of case assigment * lexical conceptual semantics and argument structure * computational implementation & models of argument structure or linking * syntax / semantic interface and language acquisition * acquisition of argument structure * language processing of argument structure , subcategorization or lexical / conceptual structure abstracts must be no more than on 8 . 5 """" by 11 """" page , single spaced and in at least 12 - point type ( 10 - point for examples ) , with one-inch margin on all sides . one additional page with references , diagrams and data ( no text ) may be appended , if necessary . all submissions must include the following : * six anonymous copies of the abstract * one 3 """" x5 """" card with name , affiliation , address , phone number , e-mail and title of paper deadline for receipt of abstracts is october 16 , 1998 . send abstracts to : tls abstract committee calhoun 501 , b5100 the university of texas at austin austin , tx 78712 abstracts received after the deadline will not be considered . fax submissions will not be accepted . instructions for text-only e-mail submissions are available by request . an individual may submit at most one single and one co-authored paper . authors whose abstracts are accepted will be notified in mid - december , 1998 . presenters who wish to have their papers included in the conference proceedings must submit a camera ready copy by may 15 , 1999 . proceedings will be published by the texas linguistics forum . conference pre-registration is $ 15 . 00 ( us ) for students , $ 25 . 00 for non-students . for more information , e-mail tls @ uts . cc . utexas . edu or visit the conference website at http : / / uts . cc . utexas . edu / ~ tls /
 "",0
 1833,""Subject: languaging 99 conference
  
  call for papers languaging 99 : a conference across literature , linguistics , and writing sponsored by the university of north texas and the gsea conference dates 4 - 7 march 1999 conference location university of north texas , denton , texas conference purpose languaging 99 offers a forum for scholars from the disciplines of linguistics , literature , and writing , as well as the related disciplines of anthropology , art , communication theory , cultural studies , film , history , music , philosophy , psychology , theater , etc . , to examine """" language """" and """" texts """" both within these disciplines and across these disciplines . submission deadlines u . s . mail : postmarked 10 october 1998 email : 15 october 1998 notification : 10 december 1998 submissions we encourage submissions that examine """" language """" and """" texts """" both within and across the following : - - literature - - linguistics - - writing ( includes rhetoric / composition , technical writing , creative writing ) - - related disciplines ( includes anthropology , art , communication theory , cultural studies , film , history , music , philosophy , psychology , theater ) we welcome submissions that deal with - - cognitive linguistics - - conceptual metaphor - - linguistic analysis of literature instructions for submitting please find complete instructions for submitting - - paper abstracts - - creative submissions - - symposia proposals at our website http : / / www . unt . edu / languaging we encourage submissions from graduate students as well as professional scholars . we cannot accept submissions by fax . we accept submissions via e-mail at linglit @ unt . edu or u . s . mail at languaging 99 university of north texas department of english p . o . box 311307 denton , tx 76203-1307 contacts for more information for more conference information , please write to languaging 99 university of north texas department of english p . o . box 311307 denton , tx 76203-1307 or direct your questions to linglit @ unt . edu visit our web site at www . unt . edu / languaging
 "",0
 1834,""Subject: wolfram and schilling - estes : american english
  
  wolfram , walt and schilling - estes , natalie . ( 1998 ) . american english . oxford , u . k . : blackwell . isbn 0-631 - 20846 - 5 ( hardcover ) . rrp : us $ 59 . 95 ( hardcover ) 16 . 99 / us $ 29 . 95 the rich phonology of american """" accents """" is appreciated and instantly identifiable by non - american speakers of english worldwide , through television , radio and now ( perhaps ) through the internet . however , the perceived homogeneity of the american way of speaking as something uniquely """" american """" by these speakers of english , lies in stark contrast to the diversity of american english which is the domestic reality . in this exciting revision of wolfram 's classic """" dialects and american english """" , wolfram and schilling - estes not only attempt to provide a detailed account of the geographical and sociocultural distribution of certain kinds of american english , through distinct dialects , grammar , and usage , but also attempt to dispel a number of urban ( and not-so - urban ) myths common among native american english speakers . the book begins by contrasting the popular definition of """" dialects """" and their relative social desirability ( or otherwise ) , as perceived by native speakers who often feel they do not speak a dialect , with technical definitions from linguistics in the context of the so-called """" desirability-deficit """" debate . the work of schilling - estes in documenting the ocracoke english of north carolina , in particular , places her in a unique position to comment on language variation and the social issues involved in linguistic minorities ( especially in attempting to dispel myths regarding social desirability and dialects ) . the second chapter contrasts linguistic and sociohistorical explanations of the processes by which different dialects arise in languages , and more generally , why languages change over time . whilst the latter explanation sees languages and dialects as arising from the interaction of social and historical conditions , such as migration , settlement , and language contact , the former view sees languages as dynamical systems which have an inherent capacity and impetus to change , which arises from their structure . although some linguists are not directly concerned with sociohistorical factors in language change , the authors successfully integrate both viewpoints by examining general processes such as grammaticalization in the context of specific examples ( such as the new york city vernacular ) . however , those interested solely in a comprehensive review of distinctive american grammar , independent of social factors , should look elsewhere - this book is not a taxonomic ( and nor should it be ) . however , the third chapter which discusses levels of dialect should be useful for understanding the strata of dialects in contemporary american speech . the fourth chapter provides a historical overview of the development of american dialects , from elizabethan influences and pre-revolutionary dialects , to the rise of the west coast and twentieth century accents . this chapter successfully uses geographical diagrams and maps not only to demonstrate localised changes in distinctive dialect features ( such as r-lessness and r-fulness ) that have occurred throughout the history of the united states , but also to demonstrate the flow and influence of dialects during settlement of the interior , and how these changes are related to issues such as language contact and language borrowing from native americans . chapter 5 continues this process by developing examples of regional dialects and variations from many areas of the united states . chapters 6 and 7 develop the idea of dialects beyond regional and geographical differences to encompass dialect change and differences based on social class , ethnicity and gender . these chapters consider key issues such as the patterning of social difference in language in the context of specific examples , such as african american vernacular english ( aave ) . it is interesting to note in this example that even though at least eight distinctive grammatical features distinguish aave from the anglo american dialect , there is variation within each group sufficient to make comparisons difficult for linguists . a more general case is examined with respect to interactions of three or more languages , as is the case in robeson county nc , where native americans constitute 40 % of the county population , where their accent is clearly dominant . chapters 8 and 9 moves away from group analysis of dialects and language to questions of individual language use and style , and the social distribution of these usages . theories of style shifting , such as the attention to speech model , speech accommodation theory and the audience design model are reviewed , and research methods for understanding individual speech acts within paradigms that focus on group-based methods are discussed ( including corpus methods ) . group - exclusive dialect features and dialect patterning are discussed in the context of research methods such as implicational arrays to relate specific grammatical features of different dialects . the book concludes with discussions of the relevance of an understanding of accents and dialects to applied linguistics , an issue which is clearly important historically with the """" desirability-deficit """" debate and in contemporary education of english as a second language . in particular , the use of standardized tests which are based around the recognition of standard english usage and grammar are criticized for being unrealistic ( as well as violating assumptions of content validity ) . one solution might be to use a dialect consistency or achievement measure , and / or developing culturally and linguistically-appropriate testing situations which do not make assumptions about a language learner 's accent and / or social demographics . as the authors recognise , these kinds of aims are very difficult to implement , but certainly recognising the systematic biases in language testing , and encouraging dialect awareness in schools , is a first step . wolfram and schilling - estes explicitly accommodate pedagogical usage of this book , by introducing key concepts in capitals , and including an exercise for students with each new section in the text . at the conclusion of each chapter , there is a very useful """" further reading """" section which will also be useful to students , as will the glossary of common linguistic terms at the end of the book . a skeletal phonetics chart is accompanied by an appendix of socially-diagnostic structures , which will be useful for those working in clinical linguistics . the only criticism which could be levelled at the teaching material in the book is that no solutions are provided for the exercises , so perhaps the development of a separate teacher 's guide ( especially for foreign or tesol instructors ) might be an appropriate future inclusion to this otherwise impressive account of american english . reviewed by : paul a . watters , department of computing , school of mathematics , physics , computing and electronics , macquarie university nsw 2109 , australia . tel . : + 61 - 2-9850 - 9541 ; fax : + 61 - 2-9850 - 9551 ; e - mail : pwatters @ mpce . mq . edu . au . paul a . watters is a research officer at macquarie university in australia , and is currently working on computational representations of semantics in models of language and speech production , and is working on regional issues of language usage ( especially """" on-line """" language use ) . he is an associate editor of the south pacific journal of psychology .
 "",0
 1835,""Subject: new mitwpl book : syntax - semantics
  
  the interpretive tract : working papers in syntax and semantics . mit working papers in linguistics v . 25 . edited by uli sauerland and orin percus . april 1998 . 295 pages . $ 12 . website : http : / / broca . mit . edu / mitwpl . web / wpl - volumes-files / wpl25 . html this volume is about the interpretive component of the grammar . it is about how the form of sentences relates to their informational contribution and to their conditions of use . accordingly , the papers here try to pinpoint aspects of the meaning of sentences , to draw connections between these aspects of meaning and material present at syntactic structure , and to ask how we get one from the other . the papers here were written over the past five years . interest in semantics coalesced and intensified during these years at mit ; we are especially happy to publish these papers now , in the first year of the new phd program specializing in semantics . contents subject specificity , copy theory , and extended mapping hypothesis wei - tien dylan tsai 1-28 the presupposition of subjunctive conditionals kai von fintel 29-44 presupposition denial and the origins of antecedents orin percus 45-64 quantification in agrammatic aphasia william philip and sergey avrutin 63-72 negation and object shift in early child korean judy yoo - kyung baek 73-86 spanish n - words : ambivalent behavior or ambivalent nature elena herburger 87-102 complementation and interpretation : the concrete and imaginative readings of visual perception verbs marie claude boivin 103-123 on the aspectual properties of english derived nominals william snyder 125-139 downsizing infinitives susi wurmbrand 141-175 plurals , derived predicates and reciprocals uli sauerland 177-204 anaphora and semantic interpretation : a reinterpretation of reinhart 's approach irene heim 205-246 movement and derived predicates : evidence from parasitic gaps jon nissenbaum 247-295
 "",0
 1836,""Subject: new mitwpl book : argument structure and aspect
  
  papers from the upenn / mit roundtable on argument structure and aspect . mit working papers in linguistics v . 32 . edited by heidi harley . may 1998 . 200 pages . $ 12 . contents are unaccusatives aspectually characterized ? ( and other related questions ) maya arad obligation and possession rajesh bhatt voice systems and the syntax / morphology interface david embick the basic elements of argument structure ken hale and jay keyser licensing in the non - lexicalist lexicon : nominalizations , vocabulary items and the encyclopedia heidi harley and rolf noyer case and locality in l - syntax : evidence from georgian martha mcginnis argument structure and antipassivization in inuit laura siegel events and aspectual structure in derivational morphology angeliek van hout and thomas roeper
 "",0
 1837,""Subject: new books from mitwpl : syntax
  
  new books on syntax available from mit working papers in linguistics in 1998 : boeckx , cedric ( 1998 ) . a minimalist view on the passive . university of connecticut occasional papers in linguistics v . 2 . 514 pages . $ 15 . cho , jai - hyoung ( 1994 ) . scrambling in korean : crossover , reconstruction , and binding theory . university of connecticut dissertation . 229 pages . $ 12 . kim , jeong - seok ( 1997 ) . syntactic focus movement and eliipsis : a minimalist approach . university of connecticut dissertation . 300 pages . $ 12 . sohn , keun - won ( 1995 ) . negative polarity items , scope and economy . university of connecticut dissertation . 255 pages . $ 12 . ordering information : http : / / broca . mit . edu / mitwpl . web / wpls . html
 "",0
 1838,""Subject: new book from mitwpl : semantics
  
  new book in semantics available from mit working papers in linguistics in 1998 : conway , laura lim ( 1997 ) . excavating semantics . university of connecticut dissertation . 307 pages . $ 12 .
 "",0
 1839,""Subject: contragram 1997
  
  quarterly newsletter of the contrastive grammar research group of the university of gent http : / / bank . rug . ac . be / contragram / contents . html no 12 ( december 1997 ) http : / / bank . rug . ac . be / contragram / newsle12 . html dutch , english and english l2 business language in contrast : working with the acid corpus ( katja pelsmaekers ) book notice : fuchs , c . and s . robert ( eds . ) ( 1997 ) diversite des langues et representations cognitives ( bart defrancq ) no 11 ( october 1997 ) http : / / bank . rug . ac . be / contragram / newsle11 . html the tnp - subgroup on """" dictionaries """" : a brief introduction ( filip devos ) intersect : parallel corpora and contrastive linguistics . a project at the university of brighton ( raphael salkie ) book notice : martinez vazquez , m . ( ed . ) ( 1996 ) gramatica contrastiva ingles-espanol . ( bart defrancq ) no 10 ( june 1997 ) http : / / bank . rug . ac . be / contragram / newsle10 . html meanings of i think : a study based on parallel corpora ( anne - marie simon - vandenbergen ) les objets en grammaire ( ludo melis ) book notice : scho / sler , l . and s . kirchmeier - andersen ( 1997 ) studies in valency ii . the pronominal approach applied to danish . ( bart defrancq ) no 9 ( march 1997 ) http : / / bank . rug . ac . be / contragram / newslet9 . html hypotheses on verbs introducing indirect questions ( bart defrancq ) note sur l ' elaboration d ' une petite grammaire contrastive de quatre langues romanes : portugais , espagnol , italien et francais ( andre valli ) contribution de l ' analyse grammaticale et de l ' etude des emplois pour determiner la langue la plus representative parmi le francais , l ' italien , le portugais et l ' espagnol : l ' exemple des formes que ou che dans les relatives et interrogatives ( eric castagne ) book notice : w . van belle and w . van langendonck ( eds . ) the dative : descriptive studies . ( dominique willems )
 "",0
 1840,""Subject: new books from mitwpl : acquisition and processing
  
  new books in acquisition of syntax available from mit working papers in linguistics in 1998 : boster , carol ( 1997 ) . processing and parameter setting in language acquisition : a compuational approach . university of connecticut dissertation . 200 pp . $ 12 . matsuoka , kazumi ( 1998 ) . the acquisition of japanese case particles and the theory of case checking . university of connecticut dissertation . 128 pp . $ 12 . ordering information : http : / / broca . mit . edu / mitwpl . web / wpls . html
 "",0
 1841,""Subject: new book from mitwpl : phonology - syntax interface
  
  new book in phonology available from mit working papers in linguistics in 1998 : truckenbrodt , hubert ( 1995 ) . phonological phrases : their relation to syntax , focus , and prominence . mit dissertation . 194 pages . $ 12 . abstract this thesis investigates what forces relate phonological phrases to the syntactic representation , to focus , and to the representation of prominence . the proposal that is defended is that there is a triangle of syntactic constituency , prosodic constituency , and phrasal prominence , in which the grammar places a simple demand on each pair in the triangle : ( a ) syntactic phrases must be contained in phonological phrases . ( b ) phonological phrases must have edgemost phrasal prominence . ( c ) syntactic phrases must contain phrasal prominence . these demands are taken to interact with one another as ranked and violable constraints , where variation among languages is expressed in terms of constraint reranking . each relation is argued for independently . the effects of ( a ) ( previously analyzed as the role of government in phonological phrasing ) will be investigated on patterns of phrasing in the bantu languages chi mwi : ni , chichewa , and kimatuumbi . the effects of ( b ) , it is argued , can be seen most clearly in the effects of focus on phrasing , where chichewa and japanese will be discussed as examples . the effects of ( c ) , finally , which have been discussed in different contexts as either a directionality parameter of the role of depth of embedding in the assignment of stress , will be argued to have desirable typological consequences that set ( c ) apart from some of its competitors . jointly , the constraints will be seen to derive an end-based typology of the kind familiar from work by lisa selkirk . ordering information : http : / / broca . mit . edu / mitwpl . web / wpls . html
 "",0
 1842,""Subject: negation : syntax , semantics and pragmatics
  
  university of salford , greater manchester , uk european studies research institute north west centre for linguistics first annual international conference negation : syntax , semantics and pragmatics ( organiser : paul rowlett , salford ) friday 30 october to sunday 1 november 1998 faraday house , research & graduate college , university of salford , greater manchester , uk sponsored by : the british academy , the linguistics association of great britain the french embassy in london program ( booking form at the end of this posting ) friday 30 october 1998 8 . 45 - 9 . 15am registration and coffee 9 . 15 - 9 . 30am introduction and welcome 9 . 30-10 . 0am metalinguistic negation in focus , suengho ham , seoul university , korea 10 . 0-10 . 30am focus - induced neg-concord failures , vieri samek - lodovici , university college london , uk 10 . 30-11 . 00am the focusing negative ' mhaih ' in cantonese chinese : a look at contrastive and metalinguistic negation , juliet wai hong , university of texas at austin , usa 11 . 0-11 . 30am coffee 11 . 30am - 12noon compositional , inherent and frozen negation : lexicalism versus functional categories , kazuhiko fukushima , kansai gaidai university , japan 12noon - 1pm keynote lecture negation , saturation and predication , william ladusaw , university of california at santa cruz , usa 1 . 0 - 2 . 0pm lunch 2 . 0 - 2 . 30pm a minimalist approach to the syntax of multiple negation in french , hugues m . peters , university of the west indies , jamaica 2 . 30 - 3 . 0pm negation and the diachrony of features , anna roussou , university of wales , bangor , uk and ian roberts , stuttgart university , germany 3 . 0 - 3 . 30pm a lexical-functional approach to the syntax of negation in french , veronika knueppel , konstanz university , germany 3 . 30 - 4 . 0pm tea 4 . 0 - 4 . 30pm the riddle of n-words in polish : quantificational versus non-quantificational , universal versus existential , joanna blaszczak , humboldt university , berlin , germany 4 . 30 - 5 . 0pm negative polarity items in russian , asya pereltsvaig , mcgill university , montreal , canada 5 . 0 - 5 . 30pm negation in hungarian , john payne and erika chisarik , university of manchester , uk 6 . 0 - 7 . 0pm reception at blackwell 's campus bookshop saturday 31 october 1998 9 . 0 - 9 . 30am coffee 9 . 30-10 . 0am on romance sensitivity to non-veridicality , joao peres , university of lisbon , portugal 10 . 0-10 . 30am ( non - ) occurrence of sentential ' no ' in spanish negative sentences , javier martin - gonzalez , harvard university , usa 10 . 30-11 . 0am negation with [ - neg ] features , marie - therese vinet , sherbrooke university , quebec city , canada 11 . 0-11 . 30am coffee 11 . 30am - 12noon adverbial verb phrases and downwards monotonicity : negativity and the demorgan taxonomist 's dilemma , jay atlas , pomona college , california , usa 12noon - 1 . 0pm keynote lecture details to be confirmed 1 . 0 - 2 . 0pm lunch 2 . 0 - 2 . 30pm negative concord and the scope of universals , anastasia giannakidou , university of amsterdam , the netherlands 2 . 30 - 3 . 0pm procedural marking of propositional attitude in norwegian sentences with a negative ' wh ' - complement , thorsten fretheim , university of trondheim , norway 3 . 0 - 3 . 30pm some problems with the semantics of negation with reference to english and korean , hye - kung lee , university of cambridge , uk 3 . 30 - 4 . 0pm tea 4 . 0 - 4 . 30pm syntactic licensing of negative polarity , patrick a schindler , tuebingen university , germany 4 . 30 - 5 . 0pm the grammatical basis of polarity items , ana maria martins , university of lisbon , portugal 5 . 0 - 5 . 30pm the bi-polarity of ' any ' , lucia tovena , institute of scientific & technological research , trento , italy and jacques jayez , ecole des hautes etudes en sciences sociales , paris , france 5 . 30 - 6 . 30pm european studies research institute wine reception 8 . 0pm conference dinner ( manchester ) sunday 1 november 1998 9 . 0 - 9 . 30am coffee 9 . 30-10 . 0am focus particles in negative polarity in hindi , sharavan vasishth , ohio state university , usa 10 . 0-10 . 30am two types of negation in bengali , gillian ramchand , oxford university , uk 10 . 30-11 . 0am the syntax of negation and ov in late middle english , richard ingham , university of reading , uk 11 . 0-11 . 30am coffee 11 . 30-12 noon blocking effects in the expression of negation , jacob hoeksema , university of groningen , the netherlands 12noon - 1pm keynote lecture verb movement , tense and negation in west flemish , liliane haegeman , university of geneva , switzerland 1 . 0 - 2 . 0pm lunch 2 . 0 - 2 . 30pm negative polarity , modality and the comparative : a parametric approach , nathalie schapansky , simon fraser university , british colombia , canada 2 . 30 - 3 . 0pm negation and the acquisition of 's trong ' indefinites , irene kraemer , max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen , the netherlands 3 . 0 - 3 . 30pm head - movement in negation in english , annabel cormack and neil smith , university college london , uk 3 . 30 - 4 . 0pm tea alternates how many types of npi are there ? evidence from korean and english , chungmin lee , seoul national university , korea negative chains and operator movement , rita bhandari , suny , usa grammaticalization in progress : the development of a negative focus particle , ton van der wouden , universities of groningen & leiden , the netherlands negative constituent licensing in a negative concord language , nedzad leko , university of oslo , norway welsh negation , robert d borsley , university of wales , bangor , uk and bob morris - jones , university of wales , aberystwyth , uk - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - for bookings , please print out the registration form below , fill it in and return it with full conference fee to the address given . please note closing date for bookings : 9 october 1998 . university of salford , greater manchester , uk european studies research institute north west centre for linguistics first annual international conference negation : syntax , semantics and pragmatics ( organiser : paul rowlett , salford ) friday 30 october to sunday 1 november 1998 faraday house , research & graduate college , university of salford , greater manchester , uk sponsored by : the british academy , the linguistics association of great britain the french embassy in london registration form to arrive before friday 9 october 1998 title : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ surname : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name ( s ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postcode / zipcode : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ daytime telephone number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration fee : gbp60 . 00 ( gbp30 . 00 for students ) includes all refreshments , buffet lunches and wine reception subtotal : gbp _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ saturday 31 october 1998 conference dinner : gbp16 . 00 subtotal : gbp _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ are you vegetarian ? yes / no please provide details of any specific dietary requirements : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total payment : gbp _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cheques should be made payable to ' the university of salford ' in sterling only . an official receipt will be sent once registration forms and cheques have been received . please send completed registration forms and cheques to : miss wendy pickles , esri conference administrator , university of salford , crescent house , the crescent , salford , greater manchester m5 4wt , uk . telephone : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 5275 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 5223 e - mail : w . pickles @ esri . salford . ac . uk closing date for registration : friday 9 october 1998 dr paul rowlett department of modern languages extension 54131 fax 55335
 "",0
 1843,""Subject: functions of language 5 . 1
  
  for your information : functions of language 5 . 1 : articles m . a . k . halliday : on the grammar of pain jay l . lemke : resources for attitudinal meaning : evaluative orientations in text semantics robert veltman : the silence of the words : duality of patterning as a natural relation , not a barrier robert de beaugrande : on the ' usefulness ' and ' validity ' in the theory and practice of linguistics : a riposte to h . g . widdowson reviews gill francis , susan hunston and elizabeth manning ( eds . ) collins cobuild grammar patterns i : verbs ( kristin davidse ) ; mohsen ghadessy ( ed . ) thematic development in english texts ( louise ravelli ) ; roy harris . the language connection : philosophy and linguistics ( chris bulcaen ) ; paul j . thibault . re - reading saussure : the dynamics of signs in social life ( rick iedema ) ; michael toolan . total speech : an integrational linguistic approach in language ( geoff thompson ) ; christian touratier . le systme verbal franais . description morphologique et morphmatique ( chris gledhill ) ; leo wanner ( ed . ) lexical functions in lexicography and natural language processing ( laura proctor ) . please note that a new functions of language homepage is now located at : http : / / bank . rug . ac . be / mt / fol / on editorial matters , you can contact : kristin . davidse @ arts . kuleuven . ac . be , william . mcgregor @ arts . kuleuven . ac . be , annemarie . vandenbergen @ rug . ac . be , or miriam . taverniers @ rug . ac . be ; or you can visit the functions of language homepage . for ordering information , visit the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . nl or contact anke delooper : delooper @ benjamins . nl
 "",0
 1844,""Subject: lexical semantic tagging
  
  lexical semantic tagging a special issue of the journal of natural language engineering guest editors : marc light and martha palmer call for papers note : deadline for submissions is november 1st , 1998 computing semantic representations is crucial for many applications of natural language processing . currently , semantic lexicons and sets of semantic composition rules are hand-crafted by the designers of the nlp system . the difficulty of building such hand-crafted semantic knowledge bases has limited the field of nlp to applications that can be contained within well-defined subdomains . the likely escape from this limitation will come from the use of automated or semi-automated methods of lexical acquisition . however , the field has yet to develop a clear consensus on a computational lexicon that could provide a springboard for such methods . one of the most controversial areas has to do with polysemy : what constitutes a clear separation into senses of a word , and how can they be computationally characterized and distinguished ? the answer to this question is critical to breaking the bottleneck of broad coverage semantic representation computation . a first step towards finding an answer lies in acquiring annotated corpora that will facilitate the use of empirical methods . the topic of this special issue is tagging word tokens in corpora with lexical semantic information . a concrete example of such tagging would be specifying the sense of an ambiguous word , like { \ em bank } , being used in a particular sentence in a corpus . lexical semantic tagging is critical to extending reliable co-reference for information extraction tasks , to widening the scope of responses to information retrieval queries , to more robust dialogue understanding , and to machine translation . in machine translation in particular , it is often necessary to disambiguate a polysemous source word in order to translate it correctly , since the target language may have distinct lexical items for different senses . we solicit articles which either : ( i ) discuss the characteristics of information to be tagged and how human tagging ( hand-tagging ) can be performed so as to maximize accuracy . such articles should concentrate on the specification of the task and also deal with issues in providing sufficient quantities of accurate and diverse hand-tagged data for the automatic approaches . ( ii ) discuss attempts to develop automated methods and their operation and performance . these articles should describe actual running systems and their design and implementation . we are particularly interested in discussions of lexical semantic tagging methods which are part of actual applications . format : in the interest of providing more coverage , we will be considering papers that are somewhat shorter than traditional journal papers . this would allow us to accept a maximum of 9 articles given an average length of 10 pages . schedule : november 1st , 1998 : submission deadline february 15th , 1999 : notification of acceptance please send submissions to : martha palmer institute for research in cognitive science 400a , 3401 walnut street / 6228 university of pennsylvania philadlephia , pa 19104 telephone : ( 215 ) 898-0361 fax no . : ( 215 ) 573-9247 e-mail : mpalmer @ cis . upenn . edu
 "",0
 1845,""Subject: special issue of cl journal - finite state methods in nlp
  
  call for papers computational linguistics special issue on finite state methods in natural language processing recent years has seen a substantial increase in the use of finite state techniques in many aspects of natural language processing as mature tools for building large scale finite-state systems from various research laboratories and universities become available . this trend was by no means foreseen as late as ten years ago given the well-known demonstration by noam chomsky in 1957 that finite-state methods are inherently incapable of representing the full richness of constructions in a natural language . nevertheless , it is evident now that there are many subsets of natural language that are adequately covered by finite-state means and that there are many other areas where finite-state approximations of more powerful formalisms are of great practical benefit . as a follow-up to the fsmnlp ' 98 , international workshop on finite state methods in natural language processing , it was proposed that a collection of papers in this area be published as a special issue of the computational linguistics journal . we would to encourage authors of the papers presented at this workshop , as well as all others who would like to contribute , to submit full versions of their papers for consideration for this special issue . guest editors : lauri karttunen ( xerox research centre europe , france ) kemal oflazer ( bilkent university , turkey ) guest editorial board eric brill ( johns hopkins university , md , usa ) eva ejerhed ( umea university , sweden ) ronald m . kaplan ( xerox palo alto research center , ca , usa ) martin kay ( xerox palo alto research center , ca , usa ) george kiraz ( bell laboratories , nj , usa ) andrs kornai ( bbn , ma , usa ) mehryar mohri ( at&t labs research , nj , usa ) mark - jan nederhof ( dfki , germany ) atro voutilainen ( university of helsinki , finland ) submission details please submit 6 copies of your hard-copy manuscript to lauri karttunen xerox research centre europe 6 chemin de maupertuis meylan , 38240 , france by monday , october 19 , 1998 . the format of the submission should follow the general submission requirements of the journal . manuscripts for computational linguistics should be submitted on letter-size paper ( 8 . 5 by 11 inches , or a4 ) , double-spaced throughout , including footnotes and references . the paper should begin with an informative abstract of approximately 150-250 words . manuscripts must be written in english .
 "",0
 1846,""Subject: tls 1997 conference procedings
  
  the proceedings of the 1997 conference of the texas linguistics society ( the syntax and semantics of predication ) is now available for purchase . the cost for the volume is $ 12 . 00 . please make checks payable to the university of texas at austin . please make payment in us dollars . postage and handling have been included in the price shown . send payment to : texas linguistic forum department of linguistics the university of texas at austin austin , tx 78712-1196 a table of contents is provided below : interfacing syntax and semantics : the predication of possession , nancy mae antrium predicative structures of nominals in hpsg , toni badia subjects , predicates , and floating quantifiers , ralph c . blight a binary analysis of resultatives , john bowers light verb constructions , trp , and multiple feature checking theory , eun cho predication times in st ' at ' imcets salish , hamida demirdache the role of predication in the licensing of purposive adjuncts , manuel espanol - echevarria a modality view of predicate selection in small clauses , fransisco gonzalvez garcia thetic / categorical predication and the semantics of existential quantifiers , javier gutierrez - rexach optional scrambling and predication , helen de hoop on the so - called adjunct predicates in korean , youngjun jang obligatory adjuncts , yunsun jung np predicates , dalina kallulli a crosslinguistic perspective on resultative formation , soowon kim and joan maling french relative clauses as secondary predicates , knud lambrecht strange resultatives in german : new evidence for a semantic treatment , anke ludeling the structure of cleft and pseudo - cleft sentences , andre meinunger verbal negation and complex predicate formation in polish , adam przepiorkowski and anna kupsc the role of case checking in encoding semantic presuppositions , lisa reed predicational ' be ' , susan rothstein two pronominal copulas and the syntax of non - verbal predication in hebrew , ivy sichel resultative predicates and control , stephen wechsler the asymmetry of predication , edwin williams - ralph c . blight department of linguistics , the university of texas at austin http : / / ccwf . cc . utexas . edu / ~ gizzmo / index . html
 "",0
 1847,""Subject: konvens98
  
  konvens 98 computer , linguistik und phonetik zwischen sprache und sprechen - computers , linguistics , and phonetics between language and speech 4 . konferenz zur verarbeitung natuerlicher sprache - 4th conference on natural language processing oct . 5 - 7 , 1998 , university of bonn , germany http : / / www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / konvens98 organized by : gesellschaft fuer linguistische datenverarbeitung ( gldv ) ( responsible in 1998 ) deutsche gesellschaft fuer sprachwissenschaft ( dgfs ) gesellschaft fuer informatik ( gi ) , fa 1 . 3 """" natuerliche sprache """" informationstechnische gesellschaft / deutsche gesellschaft fuer akustik ( itg / dega ) oesterreichische gesellschaft fuer artificial intelligence ( oegai ) call for participation subjects of the conference are all areas of language processing dealing with language in its written or spoken form . special attention will be paid to approaches focussing on the structural and the phonological / phonetic aspects of computer-aided / based language research and aimed at bridging the gap between both aspects . conference languages are german and english . programme * * * monday , oct . , 5 1998 9 : 00 a . m . - 1 : 00 p . m . tutorials : christian otto : sprachtechnologie fuer das internet thomas portele , bernhard schroeder : fokus aus prosodischer und semantischer sicht 2 : 00 p . m . opening 2 : 30 - 4 : 00 p . m . section 1 : prosody kai alter , k . steinhauer , a . d . friederici , j . matiasek , h . pirker : exploiting syntactic dependencies for german prosody : evidence from speech production and perception erhard rank , hannes pirker : realization of prosody in a speech synthesizer for german maria wolters , petra wagner : focus perception and prominence 2 : 30 - 4 : 00 p . m . workshop : evaluation of the linguistic performance of commercial machine translation systems part 1 : results of the evaluation of commercial machine translation systems rita nuebel , uta seewald : zur relevanz linguistisch orientierter evaluationen grundlagen des vom ak """" maschinelle uebersetzung """" der gldv initiierten evaluationsverfahrens stephan mehl , martin volk : zur problematik der maschinellen uebersetzung von nebensaetzen zwischen den sprachen englisch und deutsch ulrike ulrich : probleme bei der maschinellen uebersetzung mit domaenentypischen sprachlichen phaenomenen von appellativen texten mit kommerzieller intention ( internetseiten der hotelbranche ) 4 : 15 - 4 : 45 p . m . workshop : part 1 ( continued ) rita nuebel : phaenomenspezifische evaluation maschineller uebersetzung am beispiel von koordinationen workshop part 2 : methods and tools of mt evaluation judith klein , sabine lehmann : mue - evaluation mit diet joerg schuetz : blueprint : evaluation im usability lab 4 : 30 - 5 : 45 p . m . section 2 : grammar engineering brigitte krenn : a representation scheme and database for german support - verb constructions jonas kuhn : towards data - intensive testing and applications of a broad coverage lfg grammar partial target specifications as a filter on parser output stefan mehl , hagen langer , martin volk : statistische verfahren zur zuordnung von praepositionalphrasen 6 : 00 p . m . plenary session manfred pinkal : von der sprachphilosophie zur sprachtechnologie stand und perspektiven der semantischen verarbeitung 7 : 30 p . m . reception * * * tuesday , oct . , 6 1998 09 : 0010 : 30 a . m . section 3 : speech recognition / synthesis thomas portele : grapheme to phoneme conversion for speech synthesis tanja schultz , alex waibel : das projekt globalphone : multilinguale spracherkennung christian - m . westendorf , m . wolff : automatische generierung von aussprachewoerterbuechern aus signaldaten 09 : 0010 : 30 a . m . workshop part 3 : results of the evaluation of commercial machine translation systems uta seewald : textsortenspezifische evaluation maschineller uebersetzung am beispiel von instruktionstexten martin volk : probleme bei der maschinellen uebersetzung von idiomatischen wendungen jutta marx : bewertung von mt - systemen aus benutzersicht : evaluierung im projekt miroslav 11 : 00 a . m . - 12 : 00 plenary session gerrit bloothooft : a european masters in language and speech 12 : 00 - 1 : 00 p . m . presentation of posters posters see below 2 : 00 - 3 : 00 p . m . section 4 : parsing hagen langer : experimente mit verallgemeinerten lookahead - algorithmen stefan riezler : statistical inference and probabilistic modeling for constraint - based nlp 2 : 003 : 00 p . m . workshop part 4 : reports from industrial users carmen andres lange : erfahrungen mit logos ursula bernhard : bemerkungen zur evaluation maschineller uebersetzungssysteme aus anwendersicht 3 : 305 : 00 p . m . section 5 : dialogue and semantics bernd ludwig , guenther goerz , heinrich niemann : user models , dialog structure , and intentions in spoken dialog manfred stede , stefan haas , uwe kuessner : understanding and tracking temporal descriptions in dialogue bernhard schroeder : unifikation hoeherer ordnung und strikte syntaktische abhaengigkeit 3 : 306 : 00 p . m . workshop teil 5 : evaluation from provider and user perspective margaret king : evaluation design : the eagles framework juergen kinscher : vor - und nachteile elektronischer uebersetzungshilfen und uebersetzungsprogramme , von der textbausteinsammlung bis zur automatischen voll | bersetzung hans haller : maschinelle ( roh - ) uebersetzung als vorlage bei einer fachtextuebersetzung : bericht | ber ein experiment rita nuebel , uta seewald : resuemee und ausblick auf weitere evaluationsaktivitaeten * * * wednesday , oct . , 7 1998 9 : 0010 : 30 a . m . section 6 : grammar and tagging kordula de kuthy , walt detmar meurers : reducing the complexity of a theory of unbounded dependencies : evidence against remnant movement in german stefan langer : zur morphologie und semantik von nominalkomposita martin volk , gerold schneider : comparing a statistical and a rule - based tagger for german 9 : 0010 : 30 a . m . section 7 : translation and generation munpyo hong : treating the multiple - subject construction in a constraint - based mt - system juergen wedekind : probleme der ambiguitaetserhaltenden generierung 11 : 00 a . m . 12 : 00 section 8 : phonetics and psycholinguistics reinhard rapp : das kontiguitaetsprinzip und die simulation des assoziierens auf mehrere stimuluswoerter adrian p . simpson : characterizing the formant movements of german dipthongs in spontaneous speech 11 : 00 a . m . - 12 : 00 section 9 : information retrieval michael hess : antwortextraktion ueber beschraenkten bereichen t . kemp , m . weber , p . geutner , j . guertler , p . scheytt , m . schmidt , b . tomaz , m . westphal : automatische erstellung einer video - datenbank : das view4you - system 12 . 00 ( noon ) plenary session helmut schnelle : sprache im gehirn 13 . 00 p . m . closing session posters istvan s . batori , krisztian nimeth , holger puttkammer : lautreprdsentation in etymologischen wvrterb | chern anhand der uralischen etymologischen datenbasis gregor buechel : ein www - gef | hrtes system zur datenbankgestuetzten segmentierung von satzteilen und zur analyse praepositionaler phrasen karl ulrich goecke , jan - torsten milde : situations - und aktionsbeschreibungen durch einen teilautonomen montageroboter johannes heinecke , ingo schroeder : multilevel representation of the robust analysis of language alexandra klein , matthias e . koelln , soenke ziesche : towards generating dialogue contributions under resource constraints jacques koreman , bistra andreeva , william j . barry : die abbildung akustischer parameter auf phonetische merkmale in der automatischen spracherkennung doris muecke : cmc : prosodische und extralinguistische notationsformen in textbasierten konferenzsystemen sandro pedrazzini , pius ten hacken : centralized lexeme management and distributed dictionary use in word manager barbertje streefkerk , louis c . w . pols : prominence in read aloud dutch sentences as marked by naive listeners petra wagner : mutual constraints at the phonetics - phonology - interface local organizers prof . dr . wolfgang hess prof . dr . winfried lenders dr . thomas portele dr . bernhard schroeder programme committee dr . ernst buchberger , wien ( oegai ) dr . stefan busemann , saarbruecken ( gi ) prof . dr . dafydd gibbon , bielefeld ( dgfs ) prof . dr . wolfgang hoeppner , duisburg ( gi ) prof . dr . roland hausser , erlangen ( gldv ) prof . dr . wolfgang hess , bonn ( itg / dega ) prof . dr . r . hoffmann , dresden ( itg / dega ) dr . tibor kiss , heidelberg ( dgfs ) prof . dr . winfried lenders , bonn ( gldv ) dr . harald trost ( oegai ) conference office gisela von neffe institut fuer kommunikationsforschung und phonetik der universitaet bonn poppelsdorfer allee 47 d-53115 bonn internet : http / / : www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / konvens98 / index . en . html email : konvens98 @ uni-bonn . de phone : + 49-228 - 735638 fax : + 49-228 - 735639 location konvens 98 will take place at the university of bonn 's central building , which is situated in the city 's centre , in walking distance from the main railway station . world wide web http : / / www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / konvens98
 "",0
 1848,""Subject: iceis 99 call for papers
  
  iceis ' 99 - announcement and call for papers . 1st international conference on enterprise information systems 27 - 30 march , 1999 . setubal , portugal scope the international conference on enterprise information systems ( iceis ) aims at becoming a major point of contact between research scientists , engineers and practitioners on the area of business applications of information systems . four simultaneous tracks will be held , covering all different aspects related to enterprise computing , including database applications , artificial intelligence applications , decision support systems , systems analysis and specification , software engineering , methodologies to address information and knowledge sharing issues and internet / intranet computing . iceis focuses on real world applications therefore authors should highlight the benefits of information technology for industry and services . ideas on how to solve business problems , using it , will arise from the conference . papers describing advanced prototypes , systems , tools and techniques and general survey papers indicating future directions are also encouraged . papers describing original work are invited in any of the areas listed below . accepted papers , presented at the conference by one of the authors , will be published in the proceedings of iceis . acceptance will be based on quality , relevance and originality . there will be both oral and poster sessions . special sessions , dedicated to case-studies and commercial presentations , as well as technical tutorials , dedicated to technical / scientific topics , are also envisaged : companies interested in presenting their products / methodologies or researchers interested in lecturing a tutorial are invited to contact the conference secretariat . topic areas / conference tracks area 1 . database technology and its applications area 2 . artificial intelligence and decision support systems area 3 . systems analysis and specification area 4 . internet and intranet computing each of these coonference tracks is expanded in the conference 's web page at : http : / / www . est . ips . pt / iceis program committee agostinho rosa ist / technical university of lisboa ( pt ) alfred ultsch university of marburg ( de ) altamiro machado university of minho - polo de guimaraes ( pt ) ana fred ist / technical university of lisboa ( pt ) antonio figueiredo university of coimbra ( pt ) bernadette sharp university of stafford ( uk ) carlos belo ist / technical university of lisboa ( pt ) carlos zorrinho university of evora ( pt ) colin theaker university of stafford ( uk ) edmundo madeira university of campinas ( br ) edmundo monteiro university of coimbra ( pt ) ernesto costa university of coimbra ( pt ) fernando boavida university of coimbra ( pt ) fernando moura pires new university of lisboa ( pt ) gabriel pereira lopes new university of lisboa ( pt ) helder coelho university of lisboa ( pt ) henrique madeira university of coimbra ( pt ) j . legatheaux martins new university of lisboa ( pt ) joao alvaro carvalho university of minho - polo de guimaraes ( pt ) joao gabriel university of coimbra ( pt ) kecheng liu university of stafford ( uk ) manuela veloso carnegie mellon university ( us ) mark s . fox university of toronto ( ca ) matti linna vaasa institute of technology ( fi ) nuno mamede ist / technical university of lisboa ( pt ) patrice dehais university of gent ( be ) paulo ferreira ist / technical university of lisboa ( pt ) pedro veiga university of lisboa ( pt ) rita loogen university of marburg ( de ) ronald stamper university of twente ( nl ) slimone hammondi university of minho - polo de guimaraes ( pt ) zahir tari university of melbourne ( au ) therese libourel lirmm - montpellier ( fr ) thomas norgall university of erlangen ( de ) thomas penzel university of marburg ( de ) = 20 vasco freitas university of minho - polo de braga ( pt ) invited speakers invited speakers , experts in their fields , either from academia or from industry , belonging to internationally recognised institutions , will present key lectures at the opening of each conference track . at the moment the presence of professor mark fox , professor ronald stamper and professor tom greene are already confirmed . case-study sessions business consulting companies , hardware and software manufacturers and business companies in general are invited to submit case studies , regarding their own information technology problems and solutions . for this purpose , iceis will have a track of case-study sessions and company presentation sessions . the attendance to these sessions is free for all the conference participants . all case studies should be submitted by email to the iceis secretariat . a number of invited case-study sessions is already scheduled . tutorials any person interested in organising a tutorial should contact the secretariat before november 1 , 1998 . proposals for half-day tutorials ( approx . 3 hours ) should include the topic and scope of the tutorial , the expected background knowledge of the participants , and a resume of the instructor ( s ) . exhibition the conference site will have an area for company stands , where a number of companies will present themselves and their products . companies interested in presenting their products , showing documentation about them or demonstrating some application , are invited to contact the secretariat and make a reservation for a booth located at the conference site . due to the limited number of stands available it is recommended to make early reservations . in addition , there is a 50 % discount in space prices for reservations made before september 30 , 1998 . prices and available spaces will be provided by the iceis secretariat . location the conference will be held in setubal , a town 50 - km south of lisboa , the portuguese capital . setubal and its surroundings are a major touristic place , in portugal , where the visitor can find anything from ancient historical areas , in palmela , to pleasurable beaches and modern golf courses , in troia . submission of abstracts for more information about submission of abstracts , please visit the conference 's web page : http : / / www . est . ips . pt / iceis or contact de secretariat ( address below ) . best student paper award an award of us $ 1 , 000 ( one thousand us dollars ) will be given to the best paper presented by a student ( graduate , m . sc or ph . d ) . the organising committee will decide , based on the feedback provided by the program committee . to qualify for the best student paper award , the student , besides being one of the authors , must present the paper at the conference site . local arrangements inquiries concerning hotel reservation and touristic aspects can be directed to the local touristic agent ( address below ) . the local specialised travel agency will make all arrangements . transportation facilities are available from the lisboa international airport to the hotel in setubal , for all reservations made through this travel agency . local touristic programs , for accompanying attendants are also available through the agency . the conference site will be approximately 5 km away from the town centre , therefore free transportation between a number of hotels and the conference site will be provided by the conference organisation , during the conference days . coffee breaks and lunch meals will be provided at the conference site , for conference participants . local touristic agent name : expansao contact person : mr . francisco daniel tel : 351 65 528805 fax : 351 65 21684 e - mail : iceis @ est . ips . pt important dates extended abstract submission : october 21 , 1998 . acceptance notification : december 15 , 1998 . early registration deadline : january 1 , 1999 . full paper camera-ready version : january 20 , 1999 . event date : march 27-30 , 1999 . sponsored by ibm - international business machines icep - investimentos , comercio e turismo de portugal cgd - caixa geral de depositos autoeuropa rtca - regiao de turismo da costa azul esce / ips - escola superior de ciencias empresariais / ips unesul - associacao universidade empresas do sul organisation secretariat this conference is organised by the school of technology of the polytechnic institute of setubal est / ips in collaboration with the portuguese association for informatics api any inquiries should be addressed to the secretariat below , preferably by email . iceis secretariat escola superior de tecnologia / ips rua vale chaves - estefanilha , 2910 setubal portugal tel . : 351 65 79 00 00 fax : 351 65 721 869 email : iceis @ est . ips . pt web site : http : / / www . est . ips . pt / iceis
 "",0
 1849,""Subject: ila conference call for papers
  
  first call for papers 44th annual conference , international linguistic association april 16-18 , 1999 , new york university , ny , ny major theme : gender & language while papers on the major theme are especially solicited , abstracts on any subject in theoretical and applied linguistics are welcomed . one - page , single-spaced , anonymous abstracts should clearly state the problems addressed , or research quetions , and some indication of results or conclusions . send via e-mail to the conference chair . simultaneously , send 3 hard , camera-ready coies , plus a 3x5 card bearing name , title of paper , addresses , affiliation , audio-visual equipment needed and time desired ( maximum 20 minutes plus discussion ) to the conference secretary . submissions on diskettes will not be accepted . those wishing to propose panels , or special sessions , etc . , should contact the conference chair . deadline for recept of abstracts is january 4 , 1999 . send e-mail to the chair : hard copies & card to the secretary : deakins @ frontier . wilpaterson . edu johanna j . woltjer prof . alice h . deakins 522 west 112 st . english dept . new york , ny 10025 william paterson university ( 212 ) 749-3366 wayne , nj 07470 ( 973 ) 720-2582
 "",0
 1850,""Subject: proceedings gasla
  
  proceedings of the 1997 generative approaches to second language acquisition conference a special issue ( vol . 13 , no . 1 & 2 ) of the mcgill working papers in linguistics / cahiers linguistiques de mcgill ( mcgwpl ) we are pleased to announce that the gasla special issue of the mcgill working papers in linguistics / cahiers linguistiques de mcgill is now available . this issue includes 21 papers from the 3rd generative approaches to second language acquisition ( gasla ) conference held at mcgill university in 1997 . the papers figuring in this volume deal with a variety of topics in the second language acquisition of syntax , morphology , and phonology . also included are the two plenary papers delivered by margaret thomas and claire lefebvre . to order your copy , please send $ 15 to the address below . mcgill working paper in linguistics c / o department of linguistics mcgill university 1001 sherbrooke street west rm 584 montreal , qc h3a 1g5 tel : ( 514 ) 398-4222 fax : ( 514 ) 398-7088 e-mail : yrose @ po-box . mcgill . ca jsteel1 @ po-box . mcgill . ca
 "",0
 1851,""Subject: book : ferdinand de saussure - """" curs de lingvistica generala """"
  
  ferdinand de saussure - """" curs de lingvistica generala """" , translated by laura and radu daniliuc isbn 973-98610 - 4 - 0 , pub . date : 07 / 15 / 98 cuvintul nostru publishing house , pb , 200 pp . , 24 . 99 $ there is absolutely no need today to present the book f . de saussure - """" course of general linguistics """" . this is the first complete romanian translation of the """" bible """" of the structuralism movement ( greenberg , 1977 ) , a book accompanied by a biographical file , names and terms indexes , with an introduction signed by john holm . the translation is very close to the original course , the translators providing explanatory footnotes when considered to be necessary . for more details and orders contact : srdan @ assist . cccis . ro phone : + 40-92 - 739 577 fax : + 40-30 - 210 271 ( call first )
 "",0
 1852,""Subject: sky 1997 yearbook of the linguistic association of finland
  
  sky 1997 ( the yearbook of the linguistic association of finland ) ( ed . by timo haukioja , marja - liisa helasvuo and matti miestamo , 188 pp . ) is now available ! table of contents : scott delancey : what an innatist argument should look like geoffrey k . pullum & barbara c . scholz : theoretical linguistics and the ontology of linguistic structure esa itkonen : the social ontology of linguistic meaning urpo nikanne : lexical conceptual structure and syntactic arguments esa penttil \ 196 : holistic meaning and cognition jarno raukko : the status of polysemy in linguistics : from discrete meanings to default flexibility anna solin : debating theoretical assumptions : readings of critical linguistics ( price usd 20 / fim 100 plus shipping & handling ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * also available : sky 1996 ( ed . by timo haukioja , marja - liisa helasvuo and elise ka """" rkka """" inen , 176 pp . ) marja-liisa helasvuo : a discourse perspective on the grammaticization of the partitive case in finnish tuomas huumo : on the semantic function of domain instrumentals esa itkonen : is there a ' computational paradigm ' within linguistics ? ritva laury : pronouns and adverbs , figure and ground : the local case forms and locative forms of the finnish demonstratives in spoken discourse arja piirainen-marsh : face and the organization of intercultural interaction eeva-leena seppa """" nen : ways of referring to a knowing co - participant in finnish conversation sky 1995 ( ed . by tapio hokkanen , marja leinonen and susanna shore , 208 pp . ) general section : tuomas huumo : bound domains : a semantic constraint on existentials tarja riitta heinonen : null subjects in finnish : from either - or to more - or - less lea laitinen : metonymy and the grammaticalization of necessity in finnish merja koskela : variation of thematic structure within a text maija gro """" nholm : wo """" rter und formen in finnischen als zweitsprache : wachsen sie hand in hand ? esa penttila """" : linguistic holism with special reference to donald davidson squibs and discussion : esa itkonen : a note on explaning language change martti nyman : on dialect split and random change sky 1994 ( ed . by susanna shore and maria vilkuna , 192 pp . ) john harris & geoff lindsey : segmental decomposition and the signal harry van der hulst : an introduction to radical cv phonology pirkko kukkonen : consonant harmony markku filppula & anneli sarhimaa : cross - linguistic syntactic parallels and contact - induced change marja leinonen : interpreting the perfect : the past as explanation martti nyman : all you need is what the system needs ? sky 1993 ( ed . by susanna shore and maria vilkuna , 272 pp . ) general section : deirdre wilson & dan sperber : pragmatics and time laurence r . horn : economy and redundancy in a dualistic model of natural language lauri carlson : dialogue games with finnish clitics maria vilkuna : finnish juuri and just : varieties of contextual uniqueness knud lambrecht : c ' est pas con comme idee - the syntax of non - focal predicate nominals in spoken french auli hakulinen : the grammar of opening routines pirkko nuolija """" rvi : interacting in an institutional setting susanna shore : a functional and social - semiotic perspective on language , context and text news reporting , world crises , and ideology : jan-ola o """" stman : introduction anna-mari ma """" kela """" : functional ambivalence in headlines in the sun and the independent jaana po """" ppo """" nen & pirjo-liisa st @ hlberg : whose war is it ? the hidden ideology of the persian gulf war pa """" ivi autio : source indication as a persuasive strategy in news reporting heli huttunen : pragmatic functions of the agentless passive in news reports of the 1990 helsinki summit tomi palo : metaphors they live by : metaphorical expressions in the context of the soviet crisis 1991 discussion and squibs : martti nyman : mental strain and abstract characterization timo haukioja : language , parameters , and natural selection . ( price of the earlier editions : usd 15 / fim 70 plus shipping&handling ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * for orders , please contact : bookstore tiedekirja address : kirkkokatu 14 , fin-00170 helsinki , finland tel . + 358 9 635177 fax + 358 9 635017 e-mail tiedekirja @ pp . kolumbus . fi for further information , please contact : the linguistic association of finland c / o general linguistics pl 4 00014 university of helsinki finland or by e-mail : meri . larjavaara @ helsinki . fi visit our www - pages at http : / / www . ling . helsinki . fi / sky / ( tilaukset suomesta suoraan sky : sta """" ) ( """" stands for two dots on the preceding vowel , @ stands for ' a swedish o ' , an ' a ' with a small circle on it . )
 "",0
 1853,""Subject: special offer : eu workshop
  
  * esslli 98 novelty * for the first time the european summer school in logic , language and information to be held from august 17 - 28 , 1998 in saarbruecken , germany , offers a special eu workshop : """" preparation and management of eu - funded projects """" transnational r&d funded by the european commission has become one of the foremost sources for advanced technology and application development in information technology . for the participating research centers such projects offer a unique opportunity for joint r&d in international consortia bringing together partners from industry , academia , contract research , and public administration . our workshop will provide the participants with information , advice and guidelines for the definition , application and management of eu - projects , both on the administrative and technical level . we will discuss concrete questions concerning available funding programmes , hints for finding or building consortia , advice on the structuring of projects , rules for handling many types of forms , and an overview of relevant financial regulations . a special section will be dedicated to a preview of upcoming opportunities and challenges in the fifth framework program ( first call for proposals in january 1999 ) . the speakers of the workshop are highly experienced managers of eu - projects and a representative of the eu language engineering programme , giovanni b . varile , dg xiii of the european commission . there is no extra charge for this workshop once you have registered for esslli 98 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * do n't miss our big esslli 10th anniversary party on friday , august 21 , with life music and surprises and other social gatherings . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * hope to see you in august ! best regards , hans uszkoreit p . s . for further information on esslli 98 and the eu workshop please check the following homepage : http : / / www . coli . uni-sb . de / esslli / or contact sabine klingner , esslli 98 organization : klingner @ dfki . de * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * registration is still possible until august 16 , 1998 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ german research center for artificial intelligence ( dfki ) & univ . of saarbruecken , dept . of computational linguistics d-66123 saarbruecken , germany www : http : / / coli . uni-sb . de / ~ hansu / univ . phone + 49 ( 681 ) 302-4115 fax + 49 ( 681 ) 302-4700 dfki phone + 49 ( 681 ) 302-5282 fax + 49 ( 681 ) 302-5338 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ k
 "",0
 1854,""Subject: twlt 14 : twente workshop on language technology
  
  14th twente workshop on language technology language technology in multimedia information retrieval december 7 - 8 1998 , university of twente , the netherlands first announcement on 7 and 8 december 1998 , the fourteenth international twente workshop on language technology ( twlt14 ) will take place at the university of twente , enschede , the netherlands . the topic of this workshop will be """" language technology in multimedia information retrieval """" twlt14 will focus on the increasingly important role of human language technology in the indexing and accessing of written and spoken documents , video material and / or images , and on the role of language technology for cross-language retrieval and information extraction . the workshop will address the role of language and speech processing both in terms of existing approaches and implementations , in terms of theoretical foundations , and / or emerging directions of research . some 15-19 presentations by people with various backgrounds will be scheduled . proceedings will be available at the workshop . among the invited speakers are : - karen sparck jones ( cambridge , uk ) - hans uszkoreit ( dfki , germany ) - david hull ( xerox , grenoble , france ) - doug appelt ( sri interational , usa ) - arnold smeulders ( amsterdam , nl ) twlt14 is organised in cooperation with the parlevink - project of the university of twente by : klaus netter - dfki , germany email : netter @ dfki . de franciska de jong - university of twente , computer science department , email : fdejong @ cs . utwente . nl djoerd hiemstra - university of twente , computer science department , email : hiemstra @ cs . utwente . nl a full programme will be available in september and will be announced on : http : / / wwwseti . cs . utwente . nl / parlevink / conferences / twlt14 . html for further information please contact the organisers , preferably by email , or otherwise via the workshop secretariat : department of computer science / parlevink university of twente phone : + 31 53 893680 p . o . box 217 , fax : + 31 53 315283 7500 ae enschede the netherlands
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 1855,""Subject: sociolinguistics & anthropological linguistics
  
  codes and consequences : choosing linguistic varieties edited by carol myers - scotton , university of south carolina carol myers - scotton has edited a collection of essays that covers the choice of one style of english over another in everything from bible translations to """" surprise in poetry """" to supervisor-worker interactions on the automobile assembly line . an important theme developed to varying degrees in these papers is the notion that speakers and writers , as rational actors , exploit the unmarked-marked opposition regarding audience expectations so as to convey messages of intentionality charged with social or psychological import . august 1998 232 pp . ; 4 linecuts 0-19 - 511523 - 6 paper $ 24 . 95 0-19 - 511522 - 8 cloth $ 49 . 95 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
 "",0
 1856,""Subject: glot international 3 - 4
  
  table of contents glot international 3 - 4 editors : lisa l . s . cheng and rint sybesma < mail to : glot @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl > < http : / / www . hag . nl / glot . htm > state - of-the - article : henriette de swart on """" three approaches to discourse and donkey anaphora """" """" once we agree that we need to talk about meaning beyond the sentence level , the question arises how we can build a semantic theory that takes discourse as the basic unit of interpretation . """" column : recent issues in linguistics elan dresher on """" communicating modality """" """" let 's hope that quantificational modality does not go the way of cold fusion . """" dissertations """" the syntax of complementisers """" by anna roussou ( london , 1994 ) reviewed by george tsoulas . with a summary by the author """" syntactic dependencies in mandarin chinese """" by ning zhang ( toronto , 1997 ) reviewed by jo - wang lin . with a summary by the author books """" is this the solution or is the solution this ? """" by caroline heycock review of """" the raising of predicates """" by andrea moro ( cup , 1997 ) """" a standard in the making """" by murat kural review of """" principles and parameters : an introduction to syntactic theory """" by peter culicover ( oup , 1997 ) book notices goodies : reviewing software and hardware : """" speak audiovisually """" by stefan frisch review of """" speech lab / sprachlabor """" by ingolf franke ( media enterprise , 1996 ) conference reports : west coast conference on formal linguistics xvii report by chung - hye han workshop on government phonology in novi sad report by tobias scheer """" the number of death """" a linguistic mystery in eight installments by chris sidney tappan chapter 3 . first explorations rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
 "",0
 1857,""Subject: llt v . 2 , n . 1
  
  we are happy to announce that vol . 2 , no . 1 of language learning & technology is now available at http : / / polyglot . cal . msu . edu / llt . this is a special issue on """" the design and evaluation of multimedia software , """" and the contents are listed below . please visit the llt web site and be sure to enter your free subscription if you have not already done so . also , we welcome your submissions of articles , reviews , and commentaries for vol . 2 , no . 2 and future issues as well . check our guidelines for submission at http : / / polyglot . cal . msu . edu / llt / contrib . html . lucinda hart - gonzalez & mark warschauer , editors llt-editors @ hawaii . edu * * * feature articles * * * 1 . carol a . chapelle , """" multimedia call : lessons to be learned from research on instructed sla """" 2 . jan l . plass , """" design and evaluation of the user interface of foreign language multimedia software : a cognitive approach """" 3 . farzad ehsani & eva knodt , """" speech technology in computer - aided language learning : strengths and limitations of a new call paradigm """" 4 . dorothy m . chun , """" signal analysis software for teaching discourse intonation """" * * * columns * * * > from the editors by lucinda hart - gonzalez , co - editor > from the guest editor by irene thompson on the net using www multimedia in the foreign language classroom : is this for me ? by jean w . leloup and robert ponterio emerging technologies new developments in digital video by bob godwin - jones announcements news from sponsoring organizations * * * reviews * * * computer assisted language learning : context and conceptualization reviewed by christine leahy tripleplay plus ! english reviewed by alison mackey and jung - yoon choi * * * call for papers * * * theme : the role of computer technology in second language acquisition research
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 1858,""Subject: conv / div of dialects , reading , sept 17-19
  
  the draft programme for the european science foundation conference on ' the convergence and divergence of dialects in a changing europe ' can be found at http : / / www . linguistics . rdg . ac . uk / research / seminars / dialect / index . html the conference call with registration form is also to be found there . paul kerswill
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 1859,""Subject: coling-acl ' 98 , last call for participation
  
  coling-acl ' 98 last call for participation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - avoid the line-ups and hassle of on-site registration ! pre - register for coling-acl ' 98 before you come to montreal via the online registration form available on the conference web site : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca detailed instructions are provided on the registration form . we look forward to seeing you in montreal ! the coling-acl ' 98 organizing committe
 "",0
 1860,""Subject: coling / acl workshop on multilingual information management : report
  
  coling - acl ' 98 workshop multilingual information management : current levels and future abilities august 16 , 1998 universite de montreal montreal / canada the coling / acl workshop on multilingual information management is a follow-on to an nsf - sponsored workshop held in conjunction with the first international conference on language resources and evaluation in granada , spain ( may 1998 ) . the goal of the workshop was to consider the recent history and likely near-term future of a number of research areas pertaining to language that are related ( but still semi-independent at present ) . the conclusions have been gathered into a report , to be submitted to the nsf , le , and other funding agencies in europe and north america , for their consideration in setting funding policies and goals . the draft report is now available at http : / / www . cs . cmu . edu / ~ ref / mlim / at the granada workshop , an international panel of invited experts focused on a set of questions in an attempt to identify the most likely and most effective future directions of computational linguistics research - especially in the context of the need to handle multi-lingual and multi - modal information . the coling workshop , a follow-on , has the aim of opening the discussion to the computational linguistics community as a whole , to solicit the comments , additions , feedback , and contributions of everyone . to register , consult the coling / acl home page at http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / workshop description the development of natural language applications which handle multi - lingual and multi-modal information is the next major challenge facing the field of computational linguistics . over the past 50 years , a variety of language-related capabilities has been developed in areas such as machine translation , information retrieval , and speech recognition , together with core capabilities such as information extraction , summarization , parsing , generation , multimedia planning and integration , statistics-based methods , ontologies , lexicon construction and lexical representations , and grammar . the next few years will require the extension of these technologies to encompass multi-lingual and multi-modal information . extending current technologies will require integration of the various capabilities into multi-functional natural language systems . however , there is today no clear vision of how these technologies could or should be assembled into a coherent framework . what would be involved in connecting a speech recognition system to an information retrieval engine , and then using machine translation and summarization software to process the retrieved text ? how can traditional parsing and generation be enhanced with statistical techniques ? what would be the effect of carefully crafted lexicons on traditional information retrieval ? the workshop is organized as a series of discussion sessions , each one devoted to one aspect of computational language , initiated by a report of the discussions at the granada workshop ( a report summarizing the discussions at granada is available ; see below ) . enough time for discussion has been scheduled . the discussion will focus on the following fundamental questions : 1 . what is the current level of capability in each of the major areas of the field dealing with language and related media of human communication ? 2 . how can ( some of ) these functions be integrated in the near future , and what kind of systems will result ? 3 . what are the major considerations for extending these functions to handle multi-lingual and multi-modal information , particularly in integrated systems of the type envisioned in ( 2 ) ? in particular , we will consider these questions in relation to the following areas : o multi-lingual resources ( lexicons , ontologies , corpora , etc . ) o information retrieval , especially cross-lingual and cross-modal o machine translation , of text and speech o automated ( cross-lingual ) information extraction and summarization o methods and techniques ( both statistics-based and linguistics-based ) o speech recognition and synthesis o multimedia communication , as well as language and speaker identification o evaluation and assessment techniques for each of these areas o government policy for future funding the initial findings of the report will form the basis of the discussion . the draft report is now available at http : / / www . cs . cmu . edu / ~ ref / mlim / major points raised in the discussions will be recorded and included in the report . we eagerly seek your feedback , comments , contributions , and assistance , to make this report as comprehensive and as accurate as possible ! program 9 : 00 - 9 : 10 welcome and overview 9 : 10 - 9 : 55 cross - lingual and cross - modal information retrieval moderator : judith klavans 9 : 55 - 10 : 40 information extraction and automated text summarization moderator : eduard hovy 10 : 40 - 11 : 00 break 11 : 00 - 11 : 45 methods and techniques moderator : nancy ide 11 : 45 - 12 : 30 machine translation of text and speech moderator : bente maegaard 12 : 30 - 2 : 00 lunch 2 : 00 - 2 : 45 multilingual resources moderator : martha palmer 2 : 45 - 3 : 30 speech recognition and synthesis moderator : tba 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 break 4 : 00 - 4 : 45 evaluation and assessment moderator : john white 4 : 45 - 5 : 30 multimedia communication and language / speaker identification moderator : oliviero stock 5 : 30 - 6 : 00 government : development policy and funding moderator : antonio zampolli the report the outcome of the granada and montreal workshops is a report , originally commissioned by the nsf , to be submitted to the nsf , le , and other funding agencies in europe and north america . the first draft of the report is available at http : / / www . cs . cmu . edu / ~ ref / mlim / we eagerly seek your feedback , comments , contributions , and assistance in making this report as comprehensive and as accurate as possible ! organizers robert frederking center for machine translation carnegie - mellon university schenley park pittsburgh , pa 15213-3890 tel : + 1-412 - 268-6656 fax : + 1-412 - 268-6298 email : ref @ nl . cs . cmu . edu eduard hovy information sciences institute of the university of southern california 4676 admiralty way marina del rey , ca 90292-6695 tel : + 1-310 - 822-1511 fax : + 1-310 - 823-6714 email : hovy @ isi . edu nancy ide department of computer science vassar college 124 raymond avenue poughkeepsie , ny 12604-0520 usa tel : + 1-914 - 437 5988 fax : + 1-914 - 437 7498 email : ide @ cs . vassar . edu joseph mariani limsi-cnrs bp 133 91403 orsay cedex france tel : + 33 - 1-69 - 85-8085 fax : + 33 - 1-69 - 85-8088 email : mariani @ limsi . fr antonio zampolli ilc-cnr via della faggiola 32 56100 pisa italy fax : + 39-50 - 556285 email : pisa @ ilc . pi . cnr . it - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - eduard hovy email : hovy @ isi . edu usc information sciences institute tel : 310-822 - 1511 ext 731 4676 admiralty way fax : 310-823 - 6714 marina del rey , ca 90292-6695 project homepage : http : / / www . isi . edu / natural-language / nlp-at - isi . html
 "",0
 1861,""Subject: confs : translating and the computer 20
  
  aslib , the association for information management http : / / www . aslib . co . uk / conferences / index . html supported by : iti bcs eamt and iamt present : translating and the computer 20 - conference and exhibition thursday 12 - friday 13 november 1998 at one great george street , westminster , london , sw1 this will be the 20th translating and the computer conference and exhibition and to celebrate we invited past delegates to submit papers . at last year 's conference , which attracted an international audience , a number of delegates made suggestions for the following year 's event . the response to our call for papers was overwhelming . i hope you will find the programme has : - a greater number of contributions from actual users than ever before - a number of papers showing new developments / applications from both developers and users - opportunities to network with others and to look at the latest products , including those talked about in the papers , in the exhibition area if you have any questions , or want to find out how you can exhibit at this year 's exciting conference , please contact me , nicole adamides , manager of pdg at aslib , on + 44 ( 0 ) 171 903 0030 or email her nicole @ aslib . co . uk . key issues : evaluating mt systems improving translation at the source - controlled authoring and author memory how to make mt more user - friendly machine translation trends in europe and japan how to organise a translation service to maximise efficiency relocating mt in education and training how companies have customised current mt systems and developers produced new products day one : 12th november 1998 09 . 00 registration 09 . 50 introduction by the chair - chris pyne ( international communications europe , germany ) 10 . 00 twenty years of translating and the computer - john hutchins ( eamt ) since the first of the t&c conferences in 1978 the field of machine ( - aided ) translation has seen many changes : - from mainframe computers to personal computers and the internet - from a mainly academic research pursuit to a competitive commercial field - from discussions of ' future possibilities ' to discussions of actual uses - from a translation profession largely antagonistic to automation to one making cost-effective exploitation of computerised translation tools . this presentation will look at the major changes and developments in both research and commercial systems in the last 20 years and consider what has been learnt ( or forgotten ) . 10 . 25 evaluating mt systems : testing and researching the feasibility of a task - diagnostic approach - michelle vanni ( us defense ) in the spirit of new directions in mt evaluation ( mte ) proposed in hovy ( 1998 ) , this paper describes an approach taken at the us department of defense which is appropriate to a particular information processing ( ip ) environment , the needs of which are determinant of the features which characterise the methodology . the approach consists of : - selecting ip tasks for which the mt output is to be used - selecting specific features to be handled by each system - comparing the scores for each system 11 . 00 coffee 11 . 30 organising a translation service to maximise efficiency and quality - ian jones ( supreme headquarters allied powers europe ) what are the overall functions of a translation service and how can it be organised to best effect ? - the objectives - the tasks - the resources - the future this paper will examine various aspects of the above elements and will also refer to the nato terminology standardisation programme . 11 . 55 post - editing service for mt users at the ec - dorothy senez ( european commission translation service ) machine translation is freely available , via the internal electronic mail system , to all staff working in the european institutions . the machine translation help desk supplies a number of back-up services to a growing population of users . this paper looks specifically at the post-editing service ( per ) : - balancing quality and speed - rapid post-editing for short lived documents and end users responsible for quality control - the way forward at the commission . 12 . 25 dimitrios theologitis - european commission 12 . 50 discussion 13 . 05 lunch with an opportunity to visit the exhibition and network 14 . 30 introduction to afternoon session by chair - professor ruslan mitkov , university of wolverhampton , uk 14 . 35 from testbench to workflow : relocating mt in education and training - professor dr klaus schubert ( fachhochschule flensburg , germany ) and professor tony hartley ( university of brighton , uk ) the arrival on the market place over the last three years of relatively high-quality , low-cost mt and tm will lead to a greater demand in skills and expertise that also take into account the user and the requirements of the organisation 's workflow . this paper will look at initiatives of university of brighton and fachhochschule flensburg to give their students first-hand experience of evaluating a system in situ . this is achieved through : - the provision of an in-house mt service for interested end-users - the design of scenarios for inter-site collaboration - the introduction of elements of human - computer interaction . 15 . 00 some reflections about the pedagogy of mat - pascaline merten ( haute ecole de bruxelles - institut superieur de traducteurs et interpretes ( isti ) ) cat tools are of interest to both researchers and translators . they are being increasingly integrated in the education of future translators . this gives rise to two issues : - in education of translators : is experience of these tools enough , or is it important to understand the underlying concepts ? - computational linguistics is far from the empirical approach of the translator , and this does not facilitate the introduction of new tools this paper will look at how the integration of cat tools in the translation process is a good mean to conciliate the practice of the translator and the reflection of the computational linguist . 15 . 25 discussion 15 . 35 tea 16 . 00 improving translation at the source - dawn murphy ( multilingual technology ltd . , uk ) improvements in the quality and efficiency of translation can be effected at the time of authoring . this paper will examine : - the concepts of controlled authoring and author memory and the supporting technologies - the benefits that such techniques provide for the author , the translator and the translation manager - the processes involved in developing such techniques within an organisation . 16 . 25 lcc - the language consulting centre - language consulting in cyber space - jeannette orsted ( danish association business language graduates ) lcc is a project supported by the european commission . the project is a partnership between teleport sachsen - anhalt gmbh ( de ) , centre for language technology ( dk ) , erhvervssprogligt forbund ( the danish association of business language graduates , dk ) and gesellschaft fur technische kommunikation e . v . ( de ) . the objective of the project is to support small and medium sized enterprises in optimising their production and management of multilingual information . the paper will concentrate on : - language strategy as an integral part of company policies - language technology as a tool for language strategy - an overview of the lcc project and its services 16 . 50 discussion 17 . 00 close of day one 17 . 15 20th anniversary reception in the great hall aslib reserves the right to make changes to the programme without prior notice day two : 13th november 1998 09 . 15 registration 09 . 55 opening remarks by the chair - daniel grasmick ( sap , germany ) 10 . 00 horses for courses - the key to mt becoming a commonplace technology is acceptance - steve mclaughlin ( lernout & hauspie ( gms ) , germany ) user perception of machine translation is the decisive issue , and mt must be seen - not as a universal translation solution , but as one of several potential tools - not in isolation , but within the context of the user 's work processes what does this mean for machine translation vendors ? - mt should not be offered in isolation - products must be scaled to the user 's purse and environment - it must be easy to access and use mt - mt must be available when and where the user needs it , whatever the application 10 . 25 kielikone mt takes user - friendliness seriously - kaarina hyvonen ( kielikone ltd . , finland ) kielikone mt has produced a commercial mt product , transmart , which is in use in several major finnish corporations . in this paper , we examine how transmart has been adapted to meet the needs of individual end-users through four special features : - user-friendly interface - ability to preserve document formatting - facilitation of post-editing - document-specific translation lexicons 10 . 50 discussion 11 . 00 coffee 11 . 30 eptas - a client / server based translation support system - klemens waldhor ( ep electronic publishing partners , germany ) eptas is a translation server system which allows the integration of different translation components and various support tools . it contains a sophisticated linguistic database system and uses an advanced html based unicode document format . the main advantage of this system is that it allows the simultaneous usage of different translation methods , like tm and mt in parallel , which is controlled by a sophisticated process management system . this paper will examine the system and its translation tools that can be incorporated from other vendors too . 11 . 55 promt 98 - the current state - svetlana sokolova ( project mt ltd , russia ) promt 98 is the latest version of the mt software stylus . it is a family of different applications with the same mt kernel inside . the interface solutions are intended for different kinds of end users : - promt internet kit - promt home - pocket promt - promt professional 12 . 20 multilingual language technology in automotive documentation workflows - joerg schuetz ( iai , germany ) multidoc is concerned with the design and implementation of a new translation-centred approach to technical documentation in the field of automotive service and repair . the project is entirely geared by the needs and requirements of the industrial users who are fully integrated in all stages of the project . among the users there are bmw , bertone , volvo , renault and rolls - royce from the automotive side ; star and itr from the translation orientated side . the project is technically coordinated by volvo together with iai . 12 . 45 discussion 13 . 00 lunch with an opportunity to visit the exhibition and network 14 . 25 introduction by chair - tony hartley ( university of brighton , uk ) 14 . 30 machine translation trends in europe and japan - sophia ananiadou ( umist , uk ) this paper will examine the conditions in each geographical area that have given rise to mt systems and associated aids , in order to shed light on the functionality of systems from japan and the extent these can respond to european requirements . the examination will be based on : - types of user profiles - the role of mt providers - the use of translation aids , terminology management systems , bilingual / multilingual translation memories , etc . 14 . 55 fully integrated machine translation - logos gmbh , germany the corporate world has been slow to accept mt because , in the past , mt systems have acted in apparent isolation . this will all change when mt becomes a component of an integrated suite of tools that addresses the whole process . this paper will look at the process and describe an offering which begins with : - a terminology management tool and a writer-friendly authoring tool - a translation memory component tightly coupled with mt - a smart post-editing environment it will not be easy integrating such a suite of translation tools , but once in place , then rapid , good quality , lower cost translation will become a reality . 15 . 20 discussion 15 . 30 tea 16 . 00 towards a multi - language multi script web based reference & terminology system - olaf - michael stefanov ( united nations , vienna ) the united nations office in vienna ( unov ) has possibly the first database containing reference and terminology in multiple scripts and is accessible via the internet . unov will use it to support work in all six official un languages . this paper will look at the evolution of unov : attaining consistency in terminology and references via a mainframe adding arabic and chinese to the workload resulted in unov looking for a customised replacement system , using windows - nt as a platform controlled query / update via application run in web browser 16 . 25 paper to be confirmed 16 . 50 discussion 17 . 00 close of the conference fees two days : 395 ( members ) ; 485 ( non members ) one day : 245 ( members ) ; 285 ( non members ) academic institutions : two days : 285 ; one day : 155 this includes coffee / tea , buffet lunch , documentation and the conference proceedings . half day : 125 ( members ) ; 155 ( non members ) this includes coffee / tea , buffet lunch and documentation . please note : conference proceedings are not included . members fees apply to aslib corporate members and members of aslib ttg , eamt , iamt , iti and bcs . accommodation hotelscene , in conjunction with aslib , have arranged special discounted rates at selected hotels for conference delegates . full details will be sent on receipt of your booking form or you can contact kiran or amanda at hotelscence , 8 the broadway , barnes , london , sw13 0br , fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 181 876 1313 or tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 181 876 0404 , quoting aslib tanslating and the computer 20 . cancellation in the event of cancellation , there will be a charge of 50 to cover administration costs . the full fee will be charged for non-attendance and for cancellations received less than 10 working days prior to the start of the conference . aslib will accept substitutes for confirmed delegates , providing we receive notification of the substitute two working days before the conference . proceedings additional copies of the proceedings for this event can be ordered for 32 . 50 from portland press by fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1206 799 331 . further details from : nicole adamides , aslib , the association for information management , staple hall , stone house court , london , ec3a 7pb tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 903 0030 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 903 0011 email : nicole @ aslib . co . uk www : www . aslib . co . uk nicole adamides , manager , professional development group aslib , the association for information management , staple hall , stone house court , london , ec3a 7pb tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 903 0030 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 903 0011 www : http : / / www . aslib . co . uk /
 "",0
 1862,""Subject: journal of translation and textlinguistics
  
  subject : journal longacre , robert e . , journal of translation and textlinguistics , vol . 10 1998 issn : 1055-4513 ; $ 7 . 95 summer institute of linguistics . nicholas a . bailey """" what 's wrong with my word order ? """" ethel e . wallis mark 's goal - oriented plot structure julia irene dieterman participant reference in isthmus mixe narrative discourse c . john collins coherence in james 1 : 19-27 subject : journal dr . pattiya jimreivat for the mks editorial board mon-khmer studies : a journal of southeast asian languages vol . 28 , pb ; issn : 0147-5207 , viii + 228 pp . , 1998 , $ 29 . 00 summer institute of linguistics . this volume is in memoriam of william a . smalley . articles are : - tones and voice quality in modern northern vietnamese : instrumental case studies , by nguyen van loi and jerold a . edmondson - kyansittha and the indic words in myanmar from mon , by nai pan hla - affixes in katu of the lao p . d . r . , by nancy a . costello - an acoustic study of battambang khmer vowels , by ratree wayland - prepositional vs . directional coverbs in vietnamese , by sophana srichampa - some kam - tai loan-words in mon - khmer languages , by qin xiaohang - expressing comparison in the tai languages , by lev n . morev - numeral classifiers in sgaw karen , by suriya ratanakul - diachronic evolution of initial consonants in buyang , by li jingfang and zhou guoyan internet : academic . books @ sil . org available for review http : / / www . sil . org subject : linguistics walter a . cook , s . j . , author ; case grammar applied ; pb . isbn : 1-55671 - 046 - 1 ; xiii + 275 pp . , 1998 , $ 29 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics and the university of texas at arlington . dr . walter cook , s . j . , is one of the promoters of the georgetown university round table on languages and linguistics and author of numerous publications in linguistics . in case grammar theory ( 1989 ) , the author described the case grammar models of fillmore , chafe , anderson , gruber , jackendoff , and some tagmemicists as contrasting models within case grammar theory . in the present volume , intended as a companion volume to the previous one , we find a methodology for case grammar , tested in extended textual analysis including ernest hemingway 's the old man and the sea . because case grammar lends itself well to displaying the way syntactic features are associated with semantic structures , the author is able to use case grammar as an unusually clear , simple guide for sentence analysis . internet : academic , books @ sil . org available for review http : / / www . sil . org karen ann daley , author ; vietnamese classifiers in narrative texts . pb . isbn : 1-55671 - 021 - 6 ; xii + 214 pp . , 1998 , $ 29 . 00 summer institute of linguistics , and the university of texas at arlington . karen daley leads the reader into what is perhaps the first discourse study of vietnamese classifiers to date . after presenting a summary of classifiers and their function in languages of the world , she challenges the validity of regarding vietnamese classifiers as simply fitting the prototypical pattern of phrase-level numeral classifiers . in vietnamese several of the functions attributed to classifiers imply discourse relations , despite the prevailing assumption that their use is associated with the syntactic relations of phrases . a coherent pattern of classifier use becomes evident when they are observed in the larger syntactic environment of discourse . daley uses discourse measurements of overall frequency , referential distance , and referential persistence and compares them with four criteria from a study of classifiers in white hmong . the results in the present study indicate that the basic function of classifiers in vietnamese discourse is referential - - to mark salience . internet : academic . books @ sil . org available for review http : / / www . sil . org long yaohong and zheng guoqiao , authors , translated from chinese by d . norman geary ; the dong language in guizhou province , china ; pb . isbn : 1-55671 - 051 - 8 ; xvi + 272 pp . , 1998 , $ 29 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics and the university of texas at arlington . the dong people are renowned within china for their beautiful singing and their architectural prowess . their gifts have grown and flourished in the valleys and mountains of guizhou , hunan , and guangxi provinces of southwestern china . in relative obscurity before the establishment of the people 's republic of china , the 2 . 5 million dong people are fast gaining an international reputation . the dong language is distinctive for its many tones . it is often referred to outside china as kam and occupies a significant position in the kam - tai family of the sino - tibetan phylum . long yaohong and zhong guoqiao are recognized authorities on dong language research . mr . long is a native speaker of dong . he provides an introduction , touching on many aspects of dong history , culture , and language , and a discussion of the grammar . mr . zheng supplies sections on phonology , lexicon , and orthography . the two authors jointly present a chapter on dong dialects . the book as a whole represents the first comprehensive description of the dong language available in english . internet : academic . books @ sil . org available for review http : / / www . sil . org subject : weg ( pakistan ) joan l . g . baart , author ; the sounds and tones of kalam kohistani ; with wordlists and texts ; pb . isbn : 969-8023 - 03 - 8 ; 1997 , xvi + 128 pp . , $ 12 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics and national institute of pakistan studies . this volume starts a new series """" studies in languages of northern pakistan , """" published jointly by the summer institute of linguistics and the national institute of pakistan studies in islamabad . the series will include studies of the phonology , grammar , lexicon , and oral literature of kalasha , shina , burushaski , and other languages of northern pakistan . kalam kohistani ( in the literature also known as garwi or bashkarik ) belongs to the dardic branch of indo - aryan . the current volume presents a sketch of the sound system and tonal system of this language , based on recent fieldwork . it also makes a wordlist and text data available for further study . internet : academic . books @ sil . org available for review http : / / www . sil . org sincerely , grace fuqua academic publications summer institute of linguistics grace _ fuqua @ sil . org
 "",0
 1863,""Subject: """" de dag . proceedings of the workshop on definites """"
  
  """" de dag . proceedings of the workshop on definites """" edited by paul dekker , jaap van der does , helen de hoop * * * this collection of original papers on definites presents current research from the netherlands . definiteness , one of the central topics in linguistic research , remains an intriguing subject with many issues unresolved . many of the papers in this collection do not only contribute to the characterization of definites in one particular area of language or logic : they also shed light on issues of the interfaces between semantics , pragmatics , syntax and processing . a quick reminder of the semantic characteristics of ( in ) definites is added to the introduction by jaap van der does . paul dekker 's paper studies the semantics and pragmatics of the referential interpretation of definites and the specific interpretation of indefinites , using notions of information from dynamic semantic theory . differences in syntactic behaviour ( in particular with respect to scrambling ) between definites and indefinites are studied in relation to their semantic properties by helen de hoop . edith kaan shows that the processing mechanism is not only driven by structure but also sensitive to the ( in ) definiteness of the np involved . a new version of van der sandt 's presuppositions-as - anaphors theory is presented by emiel krahmer and kees van deemter , dealing particularly well with partial match phenomena between anaphoric and antecedent nps . manuela pinto focuses on the syntactic licensing and interpretation of definite inverted subjects in italian . an extension of the study of ( in ) definites to the domain of temporal measuring nouns is provided by henk verkuyl . in the last paper of the volume , yoad winter presents an analysis of unary distributivity to account for the seemingly polyadic effects in sentences with multiple occurrences of plural definites . * * * copy 's of """" de dag . proceedings of the workshop on definites """" cost dfl . 20 , - for members of lot and dfl . 25 , - for others , and are available from the utrecht institute of linguistics ots . if you would like to order a copy , please send an e-mail ( with your name and ( e-mail ) address ) to uil-ots @ let . ruu . nl .
 "",0
 1864,""Subject: re : new publication for web
  
  priority : normal subject : linguistics burquest , donald a . , author ; phonological analysis : a functional approach ; pb ; isbn : 1-55671 - 067 - 4 ; x + 314 pp . , 1998 , 2nd ed . , $ 29 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics . human language is a remarkable phenomenon . its study continues to be a source of fascination and delight . dr . donald burquest , professor of linguistics at the university of texas at arlington , developed this foundational textbook during years of helping students overcome the feelings of dismay that new phonology students experience when confronted by a mass of raw phonetic data . while working through the material , the student is led through the steps of organizing data and is introduced to particular theories for later in-depth specialization . the author expands on the previous edition of this text by adding introductions to autosegmental phonology and metrical phonology . he has also included a series of problems at the end of most chapters that provide an opportunity for the student to apply the information in that chapter . this textbook is intended for use in an upper division introductory course in phonology , preparing the student to further study aspects of current theory . grace fuqua academic publications summer institute of linguistics grace _ fuqua @ sil . org
 "",0
 1865,""Subject: re : proposals for tutorials & workshops
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * | _ _ | / \ | | | \ | | | / / _ \ / _ \ * * | | / _ \ | | | \ | | | ( _ ) | ( _ ) | * * | | / _ _ _ \ | | _ _ _ | | \ | \ _ _ , | \ _ _ , | * * | _ / _ / \ _ \ _ _ _ _ _ | _ | \ _ | / _ / / _ / * * * * * * taln ' 99 * * traitement automatique du langage naturel * * * * institut d ' etudes scientifiques de cargese ( corse ) * * du 12 au 17 juillet 1999 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( see english version below ) taln ' 99 workshops & tutoriels appel a propositions cargese ( corse ) du 12 au 17 juillet 1999 nous avons le plaisir de vous annoncer que la sixieme edition de la conference sur le traitement automatique des langues naturelles ( taln ' 99 ) se tiendra a l ' institut d ' etudes scientifiques de cargese , corse . le succes croissant du colloque taln a conduit les organisateurs a proposer que taln ' 99 soit desormais une manifestation etalee sur une semaine , qui inclura des tutoriels et accueillera des ateliers thematiques ( workshops ) . la date du colloque est arretee a la semaine du 12-17 juillet . les langues officielles pour les communications et tutoriels sont le frangais et l ' anglais . ateliers thematiques ( workshops ) les ateliers se derouleront en parallele sur la base de 4 seances de 1h30 reparties sur 4 jours . ceux qui souhaitent organiser un atelier sont pries de faire parvenir au comite d ' organisation , par courrier electronique de preference , une courte proposition decrivant le theme de l ' atelier , la pertinence de son regroupement avec taln , et un comite de programme envisage . le responsable d ' un workshop est charge de l ' appel a candidature et de la coordination de son comite de programme . les communications seront incluses dans les actes . tutoriels les tutoriels se derouleront en parallele sur la base de 4 seances de 2h reparties sur 4 jours . ceux qui souhaitent proposer un tutoriel sont pries de faire parvenir au comite d ' organisation , par courrier electronique de preference , une courte proposition decrivant le sujet et le contenu du cours , la pertinence pour taln et les renseignements d ' usage sur le ou les enseignants envisage ( s ) . un resume du cours pourra etre inclus dans les actes . date limite de depot des candidatures : 20 septembre 98 notification : fin septembre 98 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - we are pleased to announce that the sixth conference on natural language processing ( taln99 ) will be held at the institute for scientific studies at carghse , corsica , france . as the previous editions of taln have been increasingly successful , taln99 will last a whole week , and will include both workshops and tutorials . the date for the conference is set to the third week of july ( july 12-17 ) . the official languages for the conference are french and english . workshops workshops will be held in parallel , on the basis of four sessions of one hour and a half , distributed across four days . if you would like to organize a workshop , please send to the organizing committee , preferably via email , a short proposal describing the topic of the workshop , its relevance with respect to the main conference , and the program committee you consider . call for papers , and program committee coordination are left to workshop organizers . accepted papers will be included in the proceedings . tutorials tutorials will be held in parallel , on the basis of four sessions of two hours , distributed across four days . if you would like to propose a tutorial , please send to the organising committee , preferably via email , a short proposal describing the topic and the content of the tutorial , its relevance for the conference , and usual data about the teacher ( s ) . a summary of the tutorial will be included in the proceedings . deadline for submission : 20 september 98 notification : end of september 98 comite d ' organisation / organizing committee anne abeille pascal amsili ( president / chair ) laurence danlos sylvain kahane marie - helene candito patrick caudal lionel clement manuela leahu laurent roussarie et les autres membres de l ' equipe talana and the other members of the talana team * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * taln ' 99 * * mailto : taln99 @ talana . linguist . jussieu . fr * * http : / / talana . linguist . jussieu . fr / taln99 * * talana - ufrl - universite de paris 7 * * case 7003 - 2 , pl . jussieu tel . : ( 33 ) 1 44 27 53 70 * * 75251 paris cedex 05 - france fax : ( 33 ) 1 44 27 79 19 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - end of forwarded message
 "",0
 1866,""Subject: workshop visual representations & interpretations
  
  the vri ' 98 workshop - september 22nd - 24th . foresight centre , university of liverpool , uk advance notice and call for participation we warmly extend an invitation to colleagues to participate in vri ' 98 , an international workshop on visual representations & interpretations being held at the foresight centre , university of liverpool from tuesday september 22nd to thursday september 24th . the main aim of the workshop is to promote inter-disciplinary awareness across a range of disciplines where visual representations and interpretations are exploited . contributions were invited from researchers in any discipline who are actively investigating visual representations and interpretations , including though not limited to : - artists , architects , biologists , chemists , clinicians , cognitive scientists , computer scientists , educationalists , graphic designers , linguists , mathematicians , philosophers , physicists , psychologists and social scientists . we are pleased to report that all these disciplines are represented in the papers chosen for presentation at the workshop . we have also had interesting submissions which have been accepted from researchers in film and media studies , philosophy of science , molecular and cellular science , theatre studies , art and textile design , engineering and other design disciplines . this excellent response means that the conference will be a truly multi-disciplinary event . duration of workshop the considerable interest that has been expressed in the workshop has also led us to extend its duration . the workshop will now run from tuesday 22nd september until lunch-time on thursday 24th september . in order to give a potential participant some idea of the programme , session titles include : - just visualising visualising the information retrieval process visualisation for effective communication technology , change and visualisation the language of symbols visual representations : from molecules to cells articulating the design process visualising the abstract language and form across domains the detailed programme for the conference is published on the vri ' 98 www site : - http : / / www . csc . liv . ac . uk / ~ ien / vri / programme details at : - http : / / www . csc . liv . ac . uk / ~ ien / vri / programme . html registration and booking details registration details and a downloadable booking form are available from : - http : / / www . csc . liv . ac . uk / ~ ien / vri / call _ papers . html # registration this form together with with a cheque for 75 uk pounds or a request for an invoice ( see form for details ) should be sent to beth james , connect , foresight centre , 3 brownlow street , liverpool , l69 3gl . beth will be dealing with the registration for the conference . all queries in respect of registration should be made , ideally by email , to beth at beth @ csc . liv . ac . uk visit to tate gallery ( liverpool ) after the end of the workshop , on the afternoon of the 24th september , the tate gallery , liverpool has very kindly invited vri ' 98 participants to a guided tour of the willie doherty exhibition """" somewhere else """" , showing as part of revolution98 ( the 9th international symposium on electronic art , 2nd september-11 th october ) . numbers are restricted so those interested in participating in this tour are requested to email vri98 @ csc . liv . ac . uk expressing interest in this tour as soon as possible . preference for places will be given to overseas visitors . acknowledgements vri ' 98 is co-sponsored by connect , department of computer science , the university of liverpool , unilever research and barclay 's bank . visual representations & interpretations foresight centre c / o dr irene neilson , 3 brownlow street liverpool l69 3gl http : / / www . csc . liv . ac . uk / ~ ien / vri /
 "",0
 1867,""Subject: book : nlp : using prolog
  
  an introduction to natural language processing through prolog clive matthews lecturer in linguistics at the university of east anglia . paper 0-582 - 06622 - 0 320 pages july 1998 learning about language series longman - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - research into natural language processing - the use of computers to process language - has developed over the last couple of decades into one of the most vigorous and interesting areas of current work on language and communication . this book introduces the subject through the discussion and development of various computer programs which illustrate some of the basic concepts and techniques in the field . the programming language used is prolog , which is especially well-suited for natural language processing and those with little or no background in computing . following the general introduction , the first section of the book presents prolog , and the following chapters illustrate how various natural language processing programs may be written using this programming language . since it is assumed that the reader has no previous experience in programming , great care is taken to provide a simple yet comprehensive introduction to prolog . due to the ' user friendly ' nature of prolog , simple yet effective programs may be written from an early stage . the reader is gradually introduced to various techniques for syntactic processing , ranging from finite state network recognisors to chart parsers . an integral element of the book is the comprehensive set of exercises included in each chapter as a means of cementing the reader 's understanding of each topic . suggested answers are also provided . an introduction to natural language processing through prolog is an excellent introduction to the subject for students of linguistics and computer science , and will be especially useful for those with no background in the subject . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - further information on the books published in this series , and the table of contents for this title can be viewed at the longman linguistics on-line catalogue at : http : / / www . awl-he . com / linguistics for a complete listing of our world-wide offices , please click below : http : / / www . awl-he . com / offices
 "",0
 1868,""Subject: 2nd intl symposium on bilingualism
  
  reminder reminder reminder reminder 2nd international symposium on bilingualism ( april , 1999 , newcastle , uk ) details of the symposium and registration form now available at http : / / www . newcastle . ac . uk / ~ nspeech deadline for submission of abstract : 31 august , 1998 .
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 1869,""Subject: workshop on embedded mt systems ( call for papers )
  
  * * * * * * * * * deadline extension announcement * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * new submission deadline : august 24 , 1998 workshop announcement - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - workshop on embedded mt systems call for papers design , construction , and evaluation of systems with an mt component wednesday , october 28 , 1998 ( preceding the amta 98 conference ) sheraton bucks county hotel , langhorne , pennsylvania introduction as the strengths and weaknesses of machine translation ( mt ) engines have become better understood and accepted , there has been a marked increase in the development of computer systems with an embedded mt component . one consequence of this shift to """" embedded mt """" is that researchers , developers , as well as users have begun pushing the limits on the input that such systems will accept for translation . in so doing , a new class of problems has surfaced : any input - - - whether it appears in physical form on paper , in electronic form on-line , or mixed in with another modality such as graphics or video - - - will bring with it some unknown mix of noisy natural language data as well as non-linguistic data . how are systems with an mt component to be designed and evaluated given the challenge this input brings ? the objective of this workshop is to examine and evaluate techniques for adjusting this """" linguistic impedance mismatch """" between the real-world input and the natural language input expected by various mt engines . thus the workshop will focus on computational approaches to preprocessing system input for mt engines and on statistical methods for evaluating systems with an embedded mt component . linguistic preprocessing in image data for researchers working with image data , there is currently underway an effort to augment ocr ( optical character recognition ) engines with linguistic data as they recognize and convert bitmap data into characters - - - similar to what has already been done in speech recognition with linguistic data in hmms ( hidden markov models ) . other ocr researchers have also experimented with image-level early topic detection using word-shape recognition . in principle , this could provide a first-step filtering of documents into a more homogeneous mt input set , a desirable goal for mt evaluation . thus we expect that individuals working with or intending to incorporate ocr into their computer systems will be interested in this new area . linguistic preprocessing in online data for those working with online input , even though the characters are already present , there often still remains the task of preprocessing meaningful , symbolic character strings that are not a part of the text to be translated . for some systems , the rules for identifying and encapsulating or removing such strings may need to be hand-crafted over time as mt engine limitations surface . for others , a combination of hand-crafted rules and statistically trained nl models has worked . many have observed that the html annotations , alphanumeric items , spreadsheet and word processing codes are harder to weed out than originally expected . research efforts with the low-density and less-commonly taught languages , as well as more common ones , encounter a substantial problem with variation in spelling conventions and transcription preferences . for those natural languages that are primarily spoken and not written , for example , this is frequently the case . researchers working on this class of problem have built variants on spell checkers ( sc ) , components that standardize words to one orthography ( spelling convention ) before submitting it to an mt engine . an idea that has arisen for this component is to build in an option to adjust the level of sc correction - - - as would be relevant when input after ocr nonetheless varies from very noisy to relatively clean . evaluation of embedded mt systems among those working on statistical methods for evaluating systems with an embedded mt component , we have seen two distinct trends . one group of statisticians has begun looking for appropriate models from outside the world of mt evaluation , examining the efforts by others to take distinct metrics for components and combine them for an overall system-level metric using fuzzy mathematics . another group of researchers is looking instead at developing a one-dimensional scale for ranking mt engines along a continuum defined by system-level function . that approach , for example , might rank one engine as good enough for filtering documents , while another engine deemed more linguistically robust would be ranked higher because it could generate a good enough initial translation for subsequent post-editing . we welcome other functional evaluations of mt components and computer systems with embedded mt components as well . submissions submitters are invited to send in a short paper , not more than 5 pages , addressing one or more of the three areas discussed above . papers should define the problem in an embedded mt system that is the focus of the work , describe the embedded mt system design ( a simple sketch ) with sample input data where relevant , and present their approach to the problem . work at various stages of completion is acceptable ; we expect the current status of the work to be made clear . submission of end-to - end output of an embedded mt system is especially encouraged . the papers will be collected and distributed to participants of the workshop . ideally , the result of the workshop will be a clearer delineation of : ( 1 ) the range of linguistic preprocessing problems ( 2 ) the range of designs in embedded mt systems ( 3 ) how these problems are treated in different embedded mt systems ( 4 ) the metrics that are being used to evaluate these systems and their components . dates notice of interest in participation : july 10 , 1998 ( to voss @ arl . mil ) please identify which of the three areas you intend to address : preprocessing in image data , preprocessing in online data , evaluation of embedded mt systems . position paper submission : august 10 , 1998 note : now , august 24 , 1998 notifications : september 10 , 1998 note : now , september 17 , 1998 final copies of papers : october 10 , 1998 workshop : october 28 , 1998 submissions may be in printed or electronic form . submissions should be sent to : clare voss army research laboratory amsrl-is - ci 2800 powder mill road adelphi , md 20783 phone : ( 301 ) 394-5615 fax : ( 301 ) 394-3903 e-mail : voss @ arl . mil the registration fee for the conference is $ 50 . non - presenters will be accepted on a first-come , first served basis . we strongly encourage the participation of embedded mt system users , as well as members of the research and development communities . a copy of the call , the registration form , and further update information is available via a link at : < http : / / rpstl . arl . mil / isb-south / > look for the conferences and workshop link .
 "",0
 1870,""Subject: """" workshop on ellipsis in conjunction """"
  
  workshop on ellipsis in conjunction berlin , oct . 2 - 3 , 1998 organizers project group """" focus syntax """" : niina zhang , kerstin schwabe , horst dieter gasde , andre meinunger zas jaegerstr . 10-11 10117 berlin germany tel : 49-30 - 20192-410 ; 49-30 - 20192-572 fax : 49-30 - 20192-402 ellipsis @ zas . gwz-berlin . de http / / www . zas . gwz-berlin . de program friday , october 2 , 1998 chair : kerstin schwabe 9 . 30 - 10 . 30 alan munn michigan state u coordination asymmetries and their implications for ellipsis 10 . 30 - 11 . 00 jose camacho rutgers u on the structure of conjunction 11 . 00 - 11 . 30 break chair : alan munn 11 . 30 - 12 . 30 john te velde oklahoma state u the structure of coordinate constructions : what 's symmetrical , what 's not and why ( not ) 12 . 30 - 13 . 00 philippe schlenker mit morphonological effects on ellipsis resolution 13 . 00 - 14 . 00 lunch chair : jason merchant 14 . 00 - 15 . 00 chris wilder zas berlin shared constituents and linearization 15 . 00 - 15 . 30 15 . 30 - 16 . 00 rikardo etxepare & kleanthes k . grohmann u of the basque country and u of maryland conjunction of nacs and the null modal hypothesis bernhard schwarz u of massachusetts on asymmetric coordinations in german 16 . 00 - 16 . 30 break chair : artemis alexiadou 16 . 30 - 17 . 30 david lightfoot u of maryland ellipsis as clitics 17 . 30 - 18 . 00 susanne winkler u tubingen intonational disambiguation of bound and referential pronouns in ellipsis : evidence for a direct connection between lf and pf 18 . 00 - 18 . 30 kerstin schwabe zas berlin coordinate ellipsis and information structure 19 . 30 dinner saturday , october 3 , 1998 chair : paul law 9 . 30 - 10 . 30 kyle johnson u of massachusetts gapping determiners 10 . 30 - 11 . 00 cedrick boeckx u of connecticut an additional note on pseudogapping 11 . 00 - 11 . 30 break chair : chris wilder 11 . 30 . - 12 . 30 danny fox mit a note on parallelism , focus and accommodation 12 . 30 - 13 . 00 satoshi oku u of connecticut definite and indefinite strict identity in vp - ellipsis 13 . 00 - 14 . 00 lunch chair andre meinunger 14 . 00 - 15 . 00 norbert corver & craig thiersch tilburg u paranthetical phrases as asymmetrical coordination 15 . 00 - 15 . 30 niina zhang zas berlin ellipsis of chinese modifiers 15 . 30 - 16 . 00 break chair susanne winkler 16 . 00 - 17 . 00 jason merchant uc santa cruz islands , sluicing , and form-identity 17 . 00 - 17 . 30 maribel romero u of massachusetts at amherst sluiced wh - phrases and islands 17 . 30 - 18 . 00 haihua pan city u of hong kong ( np ) ellipses in mandarin chinese
 "",0
 1871,""Subject: philosophy of lang
  
  the following is a book which readers of this list might find of interest . for more information please visit http : / / mitpress . mit . edu / promotions / books / ostdps98 definite descriptions a reader edited by gary ostertag bertrand russell 's theory of definite descriptions sparked an ongoing debate concerning the proper logical and linguistic analysis of definite descriptions . while it is now widely acknowledged that , like the indexical expressions ' i ' , ' here ' , and ' now ' , definite descriptions in natural language are context-sensitive , there is significant disagreement as to the ultimate challenge this context-sensitivity poses to russell 's theory . this reader is intended both to introduce students to the philosophy of language via the theory of descriptions , and to provide scholars in analytic philosophy with ready access to some of the central contributions in this area . it includes classic works by russell , carnap , strawson , lambert , donnellan , grice , peacocke , kripke , wettstein , soames , neale , and schiffer . gary ostertag is a visiting scholar in the department of philosophy at new york university . a bradford book august 1998 6 x 9 , 448 pp . paper isbn 0-262 - 65049 - 5 jud wolfskill associate publicist phone : ( 617 ) 253-2079 mit press fax : ( 617 ) 253-1709 five cambridge center e - mail : wolfskil @ mit . edu ambridge , ma 02142-1493 http : / / mitpress . mit . edu
 "",0
 1872,""Subject: syntax
  
  the following is a book which readers of this list might find of interest . for more information please visit http : / / mitpress . mit . edu / promotions / books / zubpps98 prosody , focus , and word order maria luisa zubizarreta this monograph exemplifies a new trend in grammatical theory in which researchers combine findings from more than one area of linguistics . specifically , the author looks at the relationship between phrasal prominence and focus in romance and germanic languages to provide new insights into how these properties are grammatically articulated . building upon previous results in the field , she argues that phrasal prominence ( nuclear stress ) reflects syntactic ordering . there are two varieties of syntactic ordering . the first is the standard asymmetric c-command ordering . the second is the ordering derived from the primitive relation of selection holding between a head and its associated argument . part of the difference between germanic and romance languages stems from a difference in the way the two syntactic orderings interact in the mapping onto phrasal prominence . the author shows that the symmetry between syntactic ordering and phrasal prominence so defined may be broken because of the independent requirement that a focused constituent must contain the most prominent element in the sentence . two kinds of processes come into play to repair the broken symmetry . one is a process of deaccenting . the other is a process of movement , called """" p-movement . """" the author shows that a proper understanding of the properties of p-movement can be attained within the framework of the minimalist program . maria luisa zubizarreta is associate professor at the university of southern california . linguistic inquiry monograph 33 august 1998 6 x 9 , 232 pp . , 4 illus . paper isbn 0-262 - 74021 - 4 cloth isbn 0-262 - 24041 - 6 jud wolfskill associate publicist phone : ( 617 ) 253-2079 mit press fax : ( 617 ) 253-1709 five cambridge center e - mail : wolfskil @ mit . edu cambridge , ma 02142-1493 http : / / mitpress . mit . edu
 "",0
 1873,""Subject: universal grammar
  
  the following is a book which readers of this list might find of interest . for more information please visit http : / / mitpress . mit . edu / promotions / books / craihs98 investigations in universal grammar a guide to experiments on the acquisition of syntax and semantics stephen crain and rosalind thornton this introductory guide to language acquisition research is presented within the framework of universal grammar , a theory of the human faculty for language . the authors focus on two experimental techniques for assessing children 's linguistic competence : the elicited production task , a production task , and the truth value judgment task , a comprehension task . their methodologies are designed to overcome the numerous obstacles to empirical investigation of children 's language competence . they produce research results that are more reproducible and less likely to be dismissed as an artifact of improper experimental procedure . in the first section of the book , the authors examine the fundamental assumptions that guide research in this area ; they present both a theory of linguistic competence and a model of language processing . in the following two sections , they discuss in detail their two experimental techniques . stephen crain is professor of linguistics and rosalind thornton is assistant professor of linguistics , both at the university of maryland at college park . language , speech , and communication series a bradford book may 1998 cloth 7 x 10 , 368 pp . , 46 illus . isbn 0-262 - 03250 - 3 jud wolfskill associate publicist phone : ( 617 ) 253-2079 mit press fax : ( 617 ) 253-1709 five cambridge center e - mail : wolfskil @ mit . edu cambridge , ma 02142-1493 http : / / mitpress . mit . edu
 "",0
 1874,""Subject: semantics / syntax - semantics interface / language acquisition
  
  van hout , angeliek ; event semantics of verb frame alternations : a case study of dutch and its acquisition ; 0-8153 - 3128 - 2 , cloth ; pages , $ 91 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics using both theoretical and language acquisition arguments , this study proposes a new model of the lexicon-syntax interface defined in terms of checking event-semantic features . the research is based on dutch verbs and their possible verb frames ( intransitive , transitive , etc . ) and two studies of children 's dutch . the model developed from these cases represents more generally the way in which universal grammar organizes the lexicon of a language and the mapping system that associates a verb 's lexical features with its syntactic projection . the author shows that a predicate 's event-semantic or aspectual properties define the mapping relation between lexicon and syntax , rather than lexical-semantic information of the verb 's event participants , which is the more traditional view . a verb 's appearance in several different verb frames is determined by event type-shifting ; an atelic ( = unbounded ) or a telic ( = bounded ) event type yields different verb frames , and so does a non-causative or a causative event type . these effects can only be captured if the mapping relation is sensitive to event semantics . the two acquisition studies offer a new and unique perspective on verb learning . one is a longitudinal study on the acquisition of light verbs ; the other is an experimental study on the acquisition of intransitive verbs . they show that children are sensitive to event semantics from early in the language acquisition process . e - mail : info @ garland . com
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 1875,""Subject: phonology / phonetics
  
  casali , roderic f . ; resolving hiatus ; 0-8153 - 3149 - 5 , cloth ; pages , $ 59 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this study investigates two alternative ways in which languages resolve sequences of adjacent vowels ( hiatus ) : deletion of one of the vowels , or coalescence of the adjacent vowels to form a third vowel that combines features of both the originals . although existing phonological theories predict relatively few restrictions on the behavior of either process , a survey of 92 languages reveals a number of surprising and previously unreported limitations on their behavior . for example , although deletion of the first of two vowels is extremely common and can apply in any position , deletion of the second vowel is restricted to certain well-defined morpho-syntactic contexts , such as the boundary between a root and a suffix . these restrictions , are explained in terms of functionally-motivated constraints that favor preservation of phonological material in certain prominent positions , such as in root morphemes . in the case of coalescence , the study reveals a surprising correlation between the structure of a language 's vowel inventory and the result of merging high and a non-high vowels . this correlation is explained in terms of a novel theory of acoustic height features whose detailed specification is determined by functionally-motivated constraints sensitive to the number of vowel heights within a particular language . e - mail : info @ garland . com
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 1876,""Subject: syntax / syntax - semantics interface
  
  potsdam , eric ; syntactic issues in the english imperative ; 0-8153 - 3129 - 0 , cloth ; pages , $ 97 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this book investigates long-standing problems in the syntactic analysis of the english imperative . most earlier works within the generative tradition have claimed that the syntax of imperatives idiosyncratically and irreducibly differs from that of other english clauses . this work argues that , on the contrary , the imperative has a largely regular syntax which is fully compatible with current formal grammars of english . the putative differences reside primarily in three domainsthe behavior of the auxiliary verbs """" have """" and """" be , """" the options for subjects , and the word order in negative and emphatic clauses . this study addresses each of these controversial domains in turn and argues that the behavior of the imperative is unexceptional in each case . the work is unique in attempting to assimilate the syntax of the english imperative to better-established analyses of english originally developed for other areas of the language . in defending this thesis , the work analyzes word order , constituent structure , and semantic restrictions in the imperative . analyses of two core phenomena in english syntax , adverb placement and vp ellipsis , are also defended . this in-depth investigation of syntactic and semantic aspects of the modern english imperative will be of interest to scholars of syntactic theory , english linguistics , and english grammar . e - mail : info @ garland . com
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 1877,""Subject: syntax / philosophy of lang
  
  cormack , annabel ; definitions : implications for syntax , semantics , and the language of thought ; 0-8153 - 3131 - 2 , cloth ; pages , $ 83 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics the answer to the question """" how can we understand and use a definition ? """" provides new constraints on natural language and on the internal language in which meaning is mentally represented . most syntax takes the sentence as the basic unit for well-formedness , but definitions force us to focus on words and phrases , and hence to focus on compositional syntax in parallel with compositional semantics . this study examines both dictionary definitions and definitions from textbooks from the points of view of their syntax , semantics , and use for learning word meaning . the tools used throughout are principles and parameters syntax , relevance theoretic pragmatics , model theoretic semantics , and the formal theory of definitions . the analyses argue that because phrases can be understood in isolation , some standard syntactic analyses must be modified . ' np movement ' has to be reanalysed as transmission of theta roles . these ideas are then applied to a variety of adjectives which take propositional complements . the final chapter argues that for definitions to be understood , the syntax of the language of thought must be close to that of natural language in specifiable ways . for example , semantic types must be common to the two languages . the book will be of interest to linguists concerned with syntax , semantics and pragmatics ; philosophers of mind and of language ; and lexicographers . e - mail : info @ garland . com
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 1878,""Subject: syntax
  
  runner , jeffrey t . ; noun phrase licensing ; 0-8153 - 3134 - 7 , cloth ; pages , $ 62 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this book examines the syntax of direct object noun phrases in english within the principles and parameters , specifically chomsky 's minimalist program , approach to generative grammar . the main focus is on the phrase structural positions of object noun phrases at the various levels of representation , and secondarily on the relationship between structural position and semantic interpretation . supported by a variety of empirical and conceptual arguments , the central claim of the book is that direct object noun phrases in english surface in a vp - external position ; a secondary claim is that while in the overt syntax direct objects appear vp - externally , their position at the level of """" logical form """" varies depending on interpretation . four basic constructions are studied : simple transitive clauses , transitive clauses with prepositional objects , the """" raising to object """" construction , and the """" double object """" construction . the particular mismatches observed between overt and covert syntax are argued to follow from a non-movement - based mapping among levels of representation ; specifically the author employs and further develops the """" copy and delete """" approach to movement which , combined with general principles regulating the licensing of phrases at various levels of representation , accounts for the observed mismatches , as well as neatly extending to two further constructions : the existential and stylistic inversion constructions . this book will be of interest to scholars in the areas of phrase structure syntax , english and germanic syntax , the syntax-semantics interface , and all areas of generative approaches to syntax . e - mail : info @ garland . com
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 1879,""Subject: semantics / syntax - semantics interface
  
  tovena , lucia m . ; the fine structure of polarity sensitivity ; 0-8153 - 3133 - 9 , cloth ; pages , $ 71 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this study investigates the phenomenon of polarity sensitivity , proposing a new perspective which focuses on the behavior and properties of sensitive items and the phrases they form . it rests on the observation that the complexity of the phenomenon requires a more articulated analysis than the standard one based on licensing conditions . the study adopts a broader notion of sensitivity , which extends beyond the traditional one restricted to polarity . it includes other factors which are defined in relation to the semantics of the sensitive items . as a result , the attention is centered on the web of interactions the item entertains with its context of occurrence , rather than on polarity licensing conditions . these items are not lexical black boxes , mutually undistinguishable with respect to polarity licensing . the study shows that the distribution and interpretation of these items follow from constraints related to the properties of their semantic domain . aspect and temporal order are crucial factors for sensitive temporal connectives and adverbials , while referential links and existential import matter for determiners . analogies and differences with other phenomena related to negation , e . g . negative concord , are discussed . the volume also contains an extensive critical overview of research on the topic in the past thirty years . this book will be of interest to scholars in the area of semantics , syntax and their interface . it also points to various important themes in pragmatics and cognitive science , e . g . the role of context and reference , and the notion of interpretation strategies . e - mail : info @ garland . com
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 1880,""Subject: semantics
  
  yeom , jae - il ; a presuppositional analysis of specific indefinites : common grounds as structured information states ; 0-8153 - 3175 - 4 , cloth ; pages , $ 65 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics a specific indefinite presupposes that someone has in mind an individual who has the property denoted by its descriptive content . having an individual in mind means that the agent knows who the referent is , and thus it affects the information state of the agent , but not the others . the asymmetric information , shared by all participants in a conversation , cannot be represented when the common ground has only one information state . thus a common ground must have multiple information states , each for each participant in a conversation . the information state of the agent who has an individual in mind must be differentiated from the others ' by being structured into sub-information - states so that each sub-information - state associates the specific indefinite with a different unique individual . it then conveys the information that the agent has some individual in mind , but that it is not known yet who it is . this analysis thus requires a new dynamic semantics which is partially representational and partially denotational . this leads to a new analysis of proper names . specific indefinites tend to have widest scope , which is explained by claiming that specific indefinites trigger presuppositions . presuppositions are assumed to have various scopes with respect to operators in a sentence , and the strongest reading is preferred on rational and economic basis . it is shown that stronger readings roughly correspond to wider scopes . this book will be of interest to scholars who work on indefinite nps , presuppositions , anaphora in belief contexts , and dynamic semantics in general . e - mail : info @ garland . com
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 1881,""Subject: syntax
  
  nelson , diane carlita ; grammatical case assignment in finnish ; 0-8153 - 3180 - 0 , cloth ; pages , $ 65 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this study presents an analysis of patterns of morphological case in finnish within the principles and parameters framework . finnish has a rich system of inflection for both case and agreement , making it an important language for testing hypotheses about the relationships between morphological case and abstract case , and case / case and agreement . the focus of the study is a set of syntactic environments where internal dp arguments appear in nominative case , but alternate with accusative pronouns . in the same contexts , internal arguments may also receive partitive case to encode features related to aspect or indefiniteness . because these environments lack an external argument coindexed with agreement , the data is particularly relevant to predictions made by burzio 's generalization . by testing burzio 's hypothesis systematically against a range of sentence types , finnish is shown to contain an ergative case subsystem within a nominative-accusative main system . the assignment of the objective cases is linked with the licensing of aspectual roles at d - structure , and finite tense is posited as a bi-unique case assigner . the case split then arises as the result of two case features being assigned simultaneously to an internal argument , objective case at d - structure associated with aspect , and nominative case at s - structure associated with finite tense where an external argument is not available . morphological spell-out rules for particular argument types are proposed which determine the surface case realization of doubly-case assigned nominals . e - mail : info @ garland . com
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 1882,""Subject: new book : philosophy of language
  
  philosophy of language the big questions edited by andrea nye university of wisconsin , whitewater this wide-ranging anthology brings together a variety of readings in the philosophy of language from the ancient greeks to contemporary analytic , feminist , and multicultural perspectives . the emphasis is on issues that have a direct bearing on concerns about knowledge , reality , meaning , and understanding . a general introduction and introductions to each group of readings identify both the continuities and differences in the way """" big """" questions in philosophy of language have been addressed by philosophers of different historical periods , institutional affiliations , races , and genders . contents general introduction a : language : what is it ? : 1 . plato : language as the weaving together of forms 2 . jean - jacques rousseau : the origins of language 3 . john locke : on words 4 . gottlob frege : on the scientific justification of a conceptual notation 5 . john dewey : the existential matrix of inquiry 6 . ludwig wittgenstein : picturing reality 7 . emile benveniste : subjectivity in language 8 . jerry fodor : private language , public languages 9 . monique wittig : the mark of gender . b : meaning : how do words get their sense ? : 10 . gottlob frege : on sense and reference 11 . a . j . ayer : the principle of verifiability 12 . ludwig wittgenstein : meaning as use 13 . ruth millikan : biosemantics 14 . merrill and jaakko hintikka : how can language be sexist ? c : speaking : what is it to say something ? : 15 . h . p . grice : meaning 16 . john austin : performative utterances 17 . v . n . volosinov : verbal interaction 18 . arindam chakrabati : telling as letting know 19 . luce irigaray : he i sought but did not find . d : reference : what do we talk about ? : 20 . bertrand russell : on denoting 21 . saul kripke : naming and necessity ( excerpts ) 22 . michel foucault : the formation of objects 23 . judith butler : critically queer 24 . maria lugones : """" worlds """" and world travelling . e : truth : what is the relation between language and reality ? : 25 . alfred tarski : the semantic theory of truth 26 . donald davidson : the method of truth in metaphysics 27 . linda alcoff : truth as coherence 28 . david theo goldberg : truth through social praxis 29 . sandra harding : are truth claims dysfunctional ? f : other minds and foreign tongues : how is it possible to understand what someone else says ? : 30 . bronislaw malinowski : the translation of untranslatable words 31 . w . v . quine : indeterminacy of translation 32 . donald davidson : on the very idea of a conceptual scheme 33 . benjamin whorf : an american indian model of the universe 34 . gloria anzaldua : how to tame a wild tongue 35 . wole soyinka : language as boundary philosophy : the big questions series june 1998 6 x 9 336 pages 0-631 - 20602 - 7 paperback $ 29 . 95 0-631 - 20601 - 9 hardcover $ 62 . 95 available for review to order please call blackwell publishers at 1-800 - 216-2522 or visit our website at http : / / www . blackwellpub . com
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 1883,""Subject: language as metaphor & metaphors for language - - session at aaa 98
  
  i have volunteered to organize the following session for the next meeting of the society for linguistic anthropology at aaa 98 ( next winter in washington ) : language as metaphor and metaphors for language metaphor has been shown to be an integral component of the way we conceptualize experience and embody it in language . but metaphor can also be thought of as a specific tool that can be used in a variety of disciplines : a concrete image can summarize or illuminate the object of study , and sometimes even inform the direction of the discipline . new theories give rise to new metaphors , and the study of such metaphors can throw light on the development of theories . papers are invited from both linguists and non-linguists on two topics : 1 ) language used as metaphor : for a restricted communicative code used concurrently with language : e . g . the language of flowers ; but also for various characteristics of expressive or cognitive domains , e . g . the grammar / syntax / vocabulary of architecture , music , etc . ; what characteristics of language are used metaphorically ? to what do they correspond in other domains ? what is the usefulness of language metaphors for the domains in question ? 2 ) language as object of metaphor : what can language be compared to ? explicit ( e . g . neo-grammarian ' family tree ' ; saussure 's game of chess ; the city ) and implicit ( ? ) metaphors for language ; what do such metaphors reveal about language and how speakers view it ? how do metaphors for language relate to directions in linguistics ? please contact me : marie - lucie tarpent , mount st vincent u , halifax , n . s . b3m 2j6 canada ; 902-457 - 6172 ; marie-lucie . tarpent @ msvu . ca .
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 1884,""Subject: tree - adjoining grammars workshop
  
  tag + workshop - - first call for papers august 1 to august 3 , 1998 tag tutorials - - preliminary announcement july 28 to july 31 , 1998 philadelphia , pa , usa url : http : / / www . cis . upenn . edu / ~ ircs / mol / tag98 . html the fourth workshop on tree-adjoining grammars and related frameworks ( hence the + after tag ) will be held at the institute for research in cognitive science at the university of pennsylvania in august 1998 , from august 1 to august 3 . previous workshops were held at dagstuhl ( 1990 ) , upenn ( 1992 ) , and univ . paris 7 ( 1994 ) . papers on all aspects of tag ( linguistic , mathematical , computational , and applicational ) , as well as papers relating tags to other frameworks , are invited . as in the past there will be some invited talks on other grammar formalisms which have interesting relationships to tags ( for example , categorial grammars and hpsg ) . guidelines for abstracts : abstracts should be at most two pages ( exclusive of references ) , and should be submitted in ascii format , as a . ps file , or as self-contained latex file to jmacdoug @ central . cis . upenn . edu . ( if email is not available , please send the abstract to the address given below . ) please indicate on the abstract if you would prefer to give a short presentation ( 10 minutes ) or a long one ( 30 minutes ) . the abstract should contain your name , address , and email address . proceedings including extended versions ( 4 pages ) of accepted abstracts will be available at the workshop . deadline for submission for abstracts : april 15 notification of acceptance : may 15 deadline for submission of camera-ready extended abstract : july 6 workshop dates : august 1 to august 3 if you do not want to submit an abstract , but would like to attend , we would appreciate it if you could inform us by email by july 6 ( unless you have already done so ) . if you would like to present a demo , please let us know as soon as possible , including information about required hard and software . program committee : anne abeille ( universit ' e paris 7 ) tilman becker ( dfki ) christy doran ( university of pennsylvania ) robert frank ( johns hopkins university ) klaus netter ( dfki ) richard oehrle ( university of arizona ) owen rambow ( cogentex , inc . ) giorgio satta ( universita di padova ) yuka tateisi ( university of tokyo ) k . vijayshanker ( university of delaware ) david weir ( university of sussex ) contact address : jennifer macdougall 553 moore building university of pennsylvania philadelphia , pa 19104-6389 usa telephone : ( 215 ) 898-3191 fax : ( 215 ) 898-0587 email : jmacdoug @ central . cis . upenn . edu tutorial : prior to the workshop there will be a tutorial ( including labs and demos ) from july 28 to july 31 1998 . details about the tutorial will be sent out soon . we are trying to get some partial support for some of the students attending the tutorials . if you may be interested in attending this tutorial , please contact jennifer macdougall at the address above ( preferably by email ) and we will send you more information . organizing committee : anne abeille ( paris 7 ) tilman becker ( dfki ) owen rambow ( cogentex , inc . ) giorgio satta ( universita di padova ) k . vijayshanker ( university of delaware )
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 1885,""Subject: programme workshop on modality ( sle 98 )
  
  here is the definitive schedule of the workshop on modality in generative grammar during sle 98 , st andrews , scotland . thursday 27 august ( st salvators college room 31 ) : 10 . 30 hackl & nissenbaum : variable modal force in for-infinitival relative ( mit ) clauses . 11 . 30 quiben : on acd constructions and modals in spanish . ( madrid ) lunch 14 . 00 tomic : the relationship of negation , modality / mood in ( novi sad ) macedonian . 15 . 00 barbiers : modality and polarity . ( leiden ) tea 16 . 30 beukema & v . d . wurff modals , objects and negation in late ( leiden ) middle english . friday 28 august ( st salvators college room 31 ) : 10 . 30 gronemeyer the syntactic basis of evidentiality in ( lund ) lithuanian . 11 . 30 golden & sheppard slovene ( negative ) imperatives . ( ljubljana ) saturday 29 august ( st salvators college room 31 ) : 10 . 30 snyder syntax , semantics , chicken , and egg : ( pennsylvania ) some remarks on the development of modal auxiliaries in english . 11 . 30 abraham infinitivals , modals and the theory of pro ( groningen ) for further information about the programme of the workshop , contact frits beukema or sjef barbiers : beukema @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl barbiers @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl for information about the sle conference ( travel , lodging etc . ) , please consult the homepage : http : / / www . st-and . ac . uk / academic / modlangs / sle98 / sle98 . html
 "",0
 1886,""Subject: kbcs-98 2nd call for papers
  
  k b c s-98 2nd call for papers international conference on knowledge based computer systems national centre for software technology mumbai , india december 17-18 , 1998 the deadline for submission of papers has now been extended to august 30 , 1998 the international conference on knowledge based computer systems will be held in mumbai , india during december 17-18 , 1998 . the conference is intended to act as a forum for promoting interaction among researchers in the field of artificial intelligence in india and abroad . there will be a one and a half day conference during december 17-18 , 1998 followed by a half day of post-conference tutorials on december 18 , 1998 . papers are invited on substantial , original and unpublished research on all aspects of artificial intelligence , including , but not limited to the following : o ai applications o ai architectures o automatic programming o cognitive modeling o expert systems o foundations of ai o genetic algorithms o information retrieval o intelligent agents o intelligent tutoring systems o knowledge acquisition o knowledge management o knowledge representation o machine learning o machine translation o natural language processing o neural networks o planning and scheduling o reasoning o robotics o search techniques o speech processing o theorem proving o uncertainty handling o vision programme committee k . s . r . anjaneyulu , ncst , mumbai s . arunkumar , iit , mumbai amitava bagchi , iim , calcutta pushpak bhattacharya , iit , mumbai nick cercone , u of regina , canada b . b . chaudhuri , isi , calcutta r . chandrasekar , u of pennsylvania , usa s . k . goyal , gte labs , usa s . sen gupta , tata infotech , mumbai j . r . isaac , niit , new delhi aravind k . joshi , u of pennsylvania , usa h . n . mahabala , infosys , bangalore m . narasimha murthy , iisc , bangalore r . narasimhan , cmc , bangalore s . ramani , ncst , mumbai ( chair ) p . v . s . rao , tifr , mumbai p . saint - dizier , u of paul sabatier , france r . sangal , iit , kanpur r . uthurusamy , gmr labs , usa ( co - chair ) m . vidyasagar , cair , bangalore * * to be confirmed organizing committee george arakal , ncst ( chair ) dhawal bhagwat , ncst s . karthik , ncst parag a . mahadane , ncst mandar padhye , ncst p . ravi prakash , ncst durgesh d . rao , ncst m . sasikumar , ncst puneet srivastava , ncst format of submission authors should submit their papers , not to exceed 5000 words ( including figures and references ) either electronically or in hard copy . papers should be in english . papers should include an abstract of about 100-200 words in length . papers outside the specified length are subject to rejection without review . since reviewing will be """" blind """" , the authors ' names and affiliations along with the main area of the paper should be given only on a separate cover sheet . those submitting by hard copy should send four copies of the paper . papers in electronic form can be in any of the following formats : plain text , postscript , pdf , latex , microsoft word ( rtf format ) or wordstar . submissions in electronic form are preferred . papers will be selected for presentation in the conference , based on international refereeing . proceedings of the conference consisting of papers selected for presentation , will be published by ncst and will be available internationally . abstracts of presented papers will be available on the web . a few selected papers will be published in a special issue of vivek . call for tutorials proposals are invited for post-conference tutorials . tutorials will be half-day and will be held on december 18th , 1998 . the proposal should be presented in the form of a 200 - word abstract , one page topical outline of the content , description of the proposers and their qualifications relating to the tutorial content . send papers and tutorial proposals to the kbcs-98 secretariat . submission deadlines papers : o due : august 30 , 1998 o acceptance notification : october 10 , 1998 o camera ready copy due : november 15 , 1998 tutorial proposals : o due : august 30 , 1998 o acceptance notification : september 15 , 1998 o materials due : november 25 , 1998 registration fees : conference : students : rs 600 delegates from not-for - profit organisations : rs 800 other delegates : rs 1200 tutorials : half day : rs 400 all payments should be made by a crossed cheque or draft , payable to national centre for software technology . for further information please refer to the kbcs-98 home page or write to the kbcs-98 secretariat . address kbcs-98 secretariat national centre for software technology gulmohar cross rd no . 9 juhu , mumbai 400 049 , india url : http : / / konark . ncst . ernet . in / ~ kbcs / kbcs98 / phone : + 91 ( 22 ) 620 1606 fax : + 91 ( 22 ) 621 0139 e - mail : kbcs @ konark . ncst . ernet . in
 "",0
 1887,""Subject: call for genetic programming book proposals
  
  call for book proposals for kluwer book series on genetic programming kluwer academic publishers announces the genetic programming book series genetic programming is a technique for automatically synthesizing computer programs to solve problems . the kluwer book series on genetic programming will cover applications of genetic programming , theoretical foundations of genetic programming , technique extensions , and implementation issues . it be the first collection of monographs , edited collections , and advanced texts to cover this rapidly growing field . in order to publish material that is timely and reflects the state of the art , the series will focus on books of relatively narrow scope and moderate length and will feature a rapid publication schedule . the first book of the series , langdon 's genetic programming and data structures : genetic programming + data structures = automatic programming ! has already been published . topics may include , but are not limited to design , control , classification , system identification , data mining , pattern recognition and image analysis , data and image compression , evolvable machine language , evolvable hardware , and automatic programming of multi-agent and distributed systems . prospective authors : if you have an idea for a book which would fit in this series , we would welcome the opportunity to review your proposal . should you wish to discuss any potential project further or receive specific information regarding our book proposal requirements , please contact either john koza or scott delman . pleas enclose a short biography with your proposal . john r . koza consulting editor section on medical informatics department of medicine school of medicine medical school office building stanford university 94305-5479 usa e-mail : koza @ genetic-programming . org phone : 650-941 - 0336 fax : 650-941 - 9430 scott delman senior publishing editor kluwer academic publishers 101 philip drive assinippi park norwell , ma 02146 phone : 781-871 - 6311 ext . 299 fax : 781-871 - 7507 email : sdelman @ wkap . com
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 1888,""Subject: phonology / phonetics workshop
  
  as part of the conference lp ' 98 ( linguistics & phonetics ' 98 ) at ohio state university september 15-20 , a workshop is being funded by the national science foundation september 19-20 , on syllable structure and gesture timing , covering issues related to phonetic and phonological accounts of segmentation and timing and ordering of gestures in speech , especially how sequences of consonants are represented . interested participants are invited to attend this workshop . presentations at the workshop will include the following . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - g . n . clements : affricates as internally unsequenced stops louis goldstein : ( tba ) john harris : the right edge of words and the left edge of syllables john ohala : doing without the syllable donca steriade : alternatives to the syllabic interpretation of segmental phonotactics ioana chitoran : some evidence for feature specification constraints on georgian consonant sequencing young - mee yu cho & tracy king : semi - syllables and universal syllabification alexei kochetov : neutralization of palatality : syllable structure or phonetic cues ? miguel vazquez - larruscain : the structure of the stricture features : on the limits of icelandic preaspiration yen - hwei lin : on minor syllables amanda miller - ockhuizen : c - v coarticulation and complex consonants frida morelli : are s + stop clusters really special ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - further information on the workshop , including information on lodging and location , can be found at the workshop website : http : / / www . ling . ohio-state . edu / events / phon _ workshop . html information on other sessions of lp ' 98 can be found at : http : / / www . cog . ohio-state . edu
 "",0
 1889,""Subject: generative approaches to sla iv
  
  generative approaches to second language acquisition ( gasla ' 98 ) september 25-27 , 1998 university of pittsburgh / carnegie mellon university preliminary program the conference and entertainment events will take place in 2m56 / 2p56 forbes quad located between bouquet st . and bigelow blvd . the department of linguistics is on the 28th floor of the cathedral of learning , located between 5th avenue and forbes avenue . the phone number is 624-5900 and the administrators are carolyn , anna - mae , and rebecca . they will be available on friday from 8 . 30 until 5 : 00 for if you have any questions regarding the location of the conference . preliminary program friday , september 25 8 : 30-10 : 00 : registration ( ongoing ) 10 : 00 : opening remarks 10 : 30-12 : 00 : session 1 . 10 : 30 : ' the use and abuse of linguistic theory in l2 acquisition research ' bonnie d . schwartz , university of durham rex a . sprouse , indiana university 11 : 00 : ' transitivity alternations in l2 acquisition : toward a modular view of transfer ' silvina a . montrul , suny - albany 11 : 30 : ' syntactic structure and information structure in the acquisition of the english dative alternation by native speakers of japanese ' robert bley - vroman and kazuko katsufuji , university of hawaii 12 : 00 - 1 : 30 lunch break 1 : 30 - 3 : 00 : session 2 . 1 : 30 : ' surface unaccusativity in l2 japanese speakers ' makiko hirakawa , tokyo international university 2 : 00 : ' the role of the lexicon in the second language acquisition of spanish word order ' tammy jandrey hertel and ana teresa perez - leroux , the pennsylvania state university 2 : 30 : ' the l2 acquisition of telicity in english by spanish and slavic native speakers ' roumyana slabakova , university of iowa 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 : coffee break 3 : 30 - 5 : 00 : session 3 . 3 : 30 : ' the acquisition of possession in l2 dutch ' ineke van de craats , norbert corver and roeland van hout , tilburg university 4 : 00 : ' """" washing the faces """" : acquisition of possessor raising in l2 spanish ' beatriz centeno - cortes , gillian lord , erin o'rourke and ana teresa perez - leroux , the pennsylvania state university 4 : 30 : ' the """" compounding parameter """" in l2 acquisition : the subset principle revisited ' juana m . liceras , elena valenzuela , university of ottawa 5 : 15 : plenary : peter gordon : to be announced . 6 : 30 : wine and cheese saturday , september 26 9 : 30-10 : 30 : session 1 . 9 : 30 : ' variability in l2 english grammatical morphemes : the question of functional categories in a peformance versus knowledge paradigm ' g . martohardjono , k . kessler , i . finger and p . argodale , city university of new york 10 : 00 : ' using constituent coordination to explore functional projections ' helmut zobl , carleton university 10 : 30-11 : 00 coffee break 11 : 00-12 : 30 : session 2 . 11 : 00 : ' functional categories in child l2 acquisition of english : the acquisition of the ip system ' belma haznedar , bogazici university 11 : 30 : ' accounting for variability in sla : more evidence for the missing inflection hypothesis ' philippe prevost , universite laval lydia white , mcgill university 12 : 00 : ' the acquisition of tense and aspect in l2 english ' joanne sher grumet , city university of new york 12 : 30 - 2 : 00 lunch break 2 : 00 - 3 : 30 : session 3 . chair : 2 : 00 : ' on optionality and grammaticality in l2 knowledge ' donna lardiere , georgetown university 2 : 30 : ' second language acquisition ( sla ) as a promoting factor in language change ' doris stolberg , universitat tubingen 3 : 00 : ' adult second language acquisition and language change : on the mirror-world of chaos and order in language development ' carolina plaza - pust , j . - w . - goethe universitat 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 : coffee break 4 : 00 - 5 : 30 : session 4 . chair : 4 : 00 : ' principles of l2 pronunciation : the question of learnability ' fred eckman and gregory iverson , university of wisconsin - milwaukee 4 : 30 : ' the acquisition of english { theta } and { h } vs . { engma } by canadian francophones ' darlene lacharite and philippe prevost , universite laval 5 : 00 : ' the markedness differential hypothesis and vietnamese learners with english consonants ' hoa pham , university of toronto 5 : 45 : plenary : usha lakshmanan , southern illinois univ . ' clause structure in child second language grammars ' sunday , september 27 9 : 30-11 : 00 : session 1 . 9 : 30 : ' an unexpected wh-phrase extraction pattern in the advanced l2 english of malay speakers ' bee eng wong and roger hawkins , university of essex 10 : 00 : ' optimal questions in l2 acquisition ' rakesh m . bhatt , university of south carolina 10 : 30 : ' when and why-questions in sla ' hyeson park , university of arizona 11 : 00-11 : 30 : coffee break 11 : 30 - 1 : 30 : session 2 . 11 : 30 : ' the interpretation of """" combien . . . de """" extractions : the primacy of syntax in second language acquisition laurent dekydtspotter , rex a . sprouse and kimberly a . swanson , indiana university 12 : 00 : ' uniformity or difference : the german root and subordinate clause in adult sla ' susanne nimmrichter , franklin & marshall college 12 : 30 : ' the impersonal constructions in spanish and near-native competence : evidence against the fundamental difference hypothesis ' joyce l . s . bruhn de garavito , mcgill university 1 : 00 : plenary : ' ug in sla : the state of the question ' lydia white , mcgill university 2 . 00 business meeting announcements concerning the gasla 2000 conference at mit . alternate papers : sharon armon - lotem , univ . of maryland : preconjunctionals in child sla gasla iv september 25-27 th 1998 hosted by the university of pittsburgh and carnegie mellon university http : / / verb . linguist . pitt . edu / ~ gasla /
 "",0
 1890,""Subject: vmc 13 + wsh prosody and meaning
  
  the vilem mathesius centre for research and education in semiotics and linguistics presents the vilem mathesius lecture series 13 & vmc / elsnet / mate workshop """" prosody and meaning """" november 9 - - 20 , 1998 prague , czech republic call for participation schedule & program program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the thirteenth cycle of the vilem mathesius lecture series , organized by the vilem mathesius centre for research and education in semiotics and linguistics ( charles university ) , will be held in prague , czech republic , from november 9 until 20 , 1998 . the scientific program will consist of the following invited courses ( for preliminary time-schedule see below ) : * emmon bach ( canada ) : """" problems of universal and parochial grammar """" * joan bresnan ( usa ) : """" optimal syntax """" * nicoletta calzolari ( italy ) : """" corpus based lexicon building """" * bernard comrie ( germany ) : """" ( 1 ) advances in our understanding of relative clauses . ( 2 ) form and function in reference-tracking systems . ( 3 ) agreement in tsez ( ne caucasian ) : a typological assessment . """" * edward l . keenan ( usa ) : """" language invariants \ & the role of morphology in grammar """" * christian lehmann ( germany ) : """" typology of possession """" * hans - heinrich lieb ( germany ) : """" words and word paradigms """" * mitch marcus ( usa ) : < tba > * karen sparck - jones ( england ) : """" information retrieval and language processing """" * hans uszkoreit ( germany ) : """" modelling of linguistic performance """" * bonnie webber ( usa ) : """" ( 1 ) approaching discourse through lexicalized grammar . ( 2 ) natural language generation in health care . """" among the czech lecturers invited to vmc 13 are frantisek cermak , miroslav cervenka , jan firbas , jan hajic , eva hajicova , jarmila panevova , jaroslav peregrin , and petr sgall . vmc / elsnet / mate workshop on """" prosody and meaning """" in connection with vmc 13 , there will be a special workshop prosody and meaning ( organized in cooperation with elsnet and mate consortium ) on friday november 13th and saturday november 14 , for which several prominent researchers in the domain of speech and language / speech have promised to participate . there is no special fee to be paid by the participants of vmc lecture series 13 for the participation at the workshop . there is a nominal fee of usd 60 for people wishing to participate in the workshop only . the fee covers accommodation ( incl . breakfast ) for three nights ( in double rooms , shared occupancy , in the same hotel where the workshop takes place ) and lunches for the 2 working days . schedule - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tentative time-schedule ( may be subject to change ) : week 1 ( monday 9 . 11 - firday 13 . 11 ) 9 . 30 - 11 . 00 11 . 30 - 13 . 00 14 . 30 - 16 . 00 16 . 30 - 18 . 00 9 . 11 . bresnan keenan bach calzolari 10 . 11 . bresnan keenan bach 11 . 11 . bresnan keenan calzolari 12 . 11 . x x bach calzolari vmc / elsnet / mate workshop """" prosody and meaning """" - friday november 13 and saturday november 14 . week 2 ( monday 16 . 11 - friday 20 . 11 ) 16 . 11 . marcus uszkoreit comrie sparck - jones 17 . 11 . marcus uszkoreit comrie sparck - jones 18 . 11 . webber uszkoreit lehmann sparck - jones 19 . 11 . webber marcus lehmann comrie 20 . 11 . webber lehmann lieb lieb participation ( deadline : september 15 , 1998 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the participation fee for vmc 13 is usd 350 , which includes tuition fee , accommodation , and lunches . in order to ensure accommodation , ( paying ) participants should register before * september 15 , 1998 * . the participation fee for the vmc / elsnet / mate workshop is usd 60 , for those not registered for the lecture series . the fee covers accommodation ( incl . breakfast ) for three nights ( in double rooms , shared occupancy , in the same hotel where the workshop takes place ) and lunches for the 2 working days . there is financial support available for students from germany , via the goethe institut and the deutsche forschungsgemeinschaft ( dfg ) : studenten sollen sich an die r . bosch - stiftung wenden , promovierte an die dfg ( s . unten ) , anfhrend , da sie eine internationale begegnung von studenten aus etwa 15 lndern west - , mittel - und osteuropas mit guter tradition besuchen wollen , die an eine tagung des vilem - mathesius - zentrums der karlsuniversitt anknpft , und da sie diese adresse von dr . michael de la fontaine , goethe - institut prag , bekommen haben . ihre reise , aufenthalt von zwei wochen im hotel krystal und ein per-diem , das neben anderem das mittags - und abendessen versichern kann , soll ihnen bezahlt werden . robert bosch - stiftung c / o dr . peter theiner leiter des programms fr internationale verstndigung heidehofstr . 31 70184 stuttgart deutsche forschungsgemeinschaft organisationsplan der geschftsstelle kennedyallee 40 53170 bonn please contact mrs . brdickova or prof . hajicova at the following address for registration or further information . mrs . libuse brdickova institute of formal and applied linguistics ufal mff uk malostranske nam . 25 cz-11800 praha 1 czech republic { hajicova , brdickov } @ ufal . mff . cuni . cz ( phone ) + + 420 - 2-2191 - 4278 ( fax ) + + 420 - 2-2191 - 4309 check our website at http : / / kwetal . ms . mff . cuni . cz / ~ gj / vmc /
 "",0
 1891,""Subject: toc : bgs 8 . 1 ( 1998 )
  
  contents of beitraege zur geschichte der sprachwissenschaft ( bgs ) 8 . 1 / 1998 , ed . by klaus d . dutz & peter schmitter articles : j . l . subbiondo : 17th - century universal grammar and contemporary linguistics . john wilkins and noam chomsky ; l . jooken & p . swiggers : lord monboddo 's views on the corruption and preservation of language . with the edition of an unpublished manuscript ( 1766 ) ; h . sauer : ' principia grammaticae illyricae ' . zwei bairische englischgrammatiken aus dem spaeten 18 . jahrhundert ; k . - a . forsgren : on """" valency grammar """" in 19th - century german grammar . discussion : j . - p . saint - gerand : aporie ou prototype ? certes ! exemple de detail chez antoine meillet ; s . heinz : die keltologie an der humboldt - vormals friedrich - wilhelms - universitaet . eine ideengeschichte und ihre umsetzung . reports on meetings : e . nowak : x . internationales kolloquium des sgds ( 18 . - 21 . 6 . 1997 , potsdam , deutschland ) . sprachdiskussion und beschreibung von sprachen im 17 . und 18 . jahrhundert ; r . hofman : manuscripts and tradition of grammatical texts from antiquity to the renaissance . 11th course of the international school for the study of written records ( 16 . - 23 . 10 . 1997 , erice , italy ) ; e . poppe : irland und europa im fruehen mittelalter . texte und ueberlieferung . 5 . internationales kolloquium der universitaet konstanz ( 16 . - 20 . 3 . 1998 , konstanz , deutschland ) . reports on projects : j . hafner & b . schlieben - lange : diskursformationen - die ' grammaire generale ' an den ecoles centrales ( 1795 - 1803 ) . obituary / reviews / short reviews the annual subscription rate for bgs ( issn 0939-2815 ) is dem 135 . 00 ( incl . postage and handling ) for libraries and institutions . for subscription contact your local bookseller or directly write to : nodus publikationen , p . o . box 5725 , d-48031 muenster , germany . manuscripts ( 2 copies ) should be directed to either of the following editors : klaus d . dutz , p . o . box 5725 , d-48031 muenster , germany ( e-mail : dutz . nodus @ t-online . de ) ; peter schmitter , department of german education , hankuk university of foreign studies , imun - dong 270 , dongdaemun - gu , seoul , 130-791 korea ( e-mail : schmitpe @ maincc . hufs . ac . kr ) . prof . dr . peter schmitter department of german education hankuk university of foreign studies , seoul e-mail : schmitpe @ maincc . hufs . ac . kr
 "",0
 1892,""Subject: toc : ijglsa 3 . 1
  
  volume 3 , number 1 ( spring 1998 ) interdisciplinary journal for germanic lingusitics and semiotic analysis contents : farronato , christina : holbein 's """" dead christ """" and the horror of the broken narrative liberman , anatoly : toward a theory of west germanic breakings nth , winfried : symmetry in signs and semiotic systems page , richard : a gestural approach to lexical diffusion and neogrammarian sound change in common scandinavian penzl , herbert and thomas f . shannon : shakespeare 's stage pronunciation : part of """" proto - american english """" ? sanjins , jos : baroque - shores of eco 's """" the island of the day before """" reviews - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - subscription ( 2 issues per year ) : students $ 15 ; individuals $ 20 ; institutions $ 30 subscribe to : irauch @ socrates . berkeley . edu back issues available at $ 10 per issue or full year at subscription cost
 "",0
 1893,""Subject: translation
  
  john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new title in the field of translation : a practical guide to software localization bert esselink 1998 . 280 pp . languages in world directories , 3 us / canada : pb : 1 55619 743 8 price : usd 24 . 95 cloth : 1 55619 742 x price : usd 63 . 00 rest of the world : pb : 90 272 1954 0 nlg 50 . 00 cloth : 90 272 1953 2 nlg 126 . 00 with chapters on translating software , translating on-line help and documentation translation memory tools , project management and terminology management , a practical guide to software localization covers many of the areas localizers must work in . much attention is paid to the daily tasks and responsibilities of project managers , localization engineers and most importantly - translators all facing the localization . the examples in the reference a typical localization project translating from english into french , italian , german and spanish but the material is applicable to most language instances . the platforms discussed are microsoft windows and apples macos . the book does not cover such topics as internationalization , double-byte localization , multimedia localization and other operating systems such os / 2 and unix . still the book will fill a felt need for many . website support will provide regular updates . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
 "",0
 1894,""Subject: computationally - intensive methods in quantitative ling
  
  second workshop in computationally-intensive methods in quantitative linguistics department of statistics university of glasgow , uk 7 - 9 september 1998 final call for registration in recent years techniques from disciplines such as computer science , articficial intelligence and statistics have found their way into the pages of journals such as the journal of quantitative linguistics , literary and linguistic computing and computers and the humanities . while this influx may bring more advanced methods of analysis to the fields of quantitative linguistics , stylometry and stylistics , the demands upon researchers to understand and use these new techniques are great . familiarity with the appropriate software and the ear of a sympathetic expert are pre-requisites without which the technique may seem out of reach to the average researcher . the humanities advanced technology and information institute and the department of statistics of the university of glasgow are hence supporting this practical workshop in computationally - intensive methods in quantitative linguistics . the workshop is designed to introduce the participants to four such techniques in a practical environment . each half-day session will be divided into an introductory session in a lecture theatre and a longer period spent working with software and practical examples . all of the speakers have published papers using the analyses they will present and their aim in this workshop is to enable the participants to return to their home institutions able to carry out these techniques in the course of their own research . the sessions and speakers are as follows : harald baayen ; max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen , the netherlands . large number of rare event models walter daelemans ; university of tilburg , the netherlands . linguistics as data mining : using machine learning techniques to discover linguistic generalizations michael oakes ; university of lancaster , unted kingdom . multivariate statistics in corpus linguistics fiona tweedie ; university of glasgow , united kingdom . time series models in linguistics the workshop will be held in the mathematics building of the university of glasgow , commencing on monday 7 september at 1pm . the four workshop sessions will take place on monday afternoon , tuesday 8 september and the morning of wednesday 9 september . there will also be a half day tour on the wednesday afternoon and a reception in the hunterian art gallery on monday evening . accommodation has been arranged in university accommodation with some en suite facilities . the reception , tea and coffee , lunches on 8 and 9 september and evening meals on 7 and 8 september are included in the registration fee . the registration fee is gbp200 . 00 and gbp150 . 00 for students . participants who are also attending the digital resources in the humanities conference , 9-12 september are eligible for a discount in the registration fees . for more information about the workshop and to register , please consult the web site at http : / / www . stats . gla . ac . uk / ~ cimql , or contact the conference and vacation office ( tel : + 44 141 330 5385 , fax : + 44 141 334 5465 ) .
 "",0
 1895,""Subject: bgs 7 . 2 ( 1997 )
  
  contents of beitraege zur geschichte der sprachwissenschaft ( bgs ) 7 . 2 / 1997 , ed . by klaus d . dutz & peter schmitter articles : peter jaritz : die wundt - delbrueck - debatte ; klaas - hinrich ehlers : """" dass ich an der foerderung aller phonologischen probleme lebhaften anteil nehme """" . leo weisgerbers ' unwahrscheinliche ' beziehung zur prager schule der linguistik ; jutta steinmetz : vollkommenheit und ordnung bei johann peter suessmilch ; xiaoping yao : sixty years historiography of linguistics in china . discussion : pius ten hacken : progress and incommensurability in linguistics . reviews / short reviews / new publications the annual subscription rate for bgs ( issn 0939-2815 ) is dem 135 , 00 ( incl . postage and handling ) for libraries and institutions . for subscription contact your local bookseller or directly write to : nodus publikationen , p . o . box 5725 , d-48031 muenster , germany . manuscripts ( 2 copies ) should be directed to either of the following editors : klaus d . dutz , p . o . box 5725 , d-48031 germany : peter schmitter , department of german education , hankuk university of foreign studies , imun - dong 270 , dongdaemun - gu , seoul , 130-791 korea ( e-mail : schmitpe @ maincc . hufs . ac . kr ) .
 "",0
 1896,""Subject: journal of cognitive systems research
  
  call for papers : new electronic journal of cognitive systems research call for papers journal of cognitive systems research editors - in - chief ron sun e - mail : rsun @ cs . ua . edu department of computer science and department of psychology university of alabama tuscaloosa al , usa vasant honavar e - mail : honavar @ cs . iastate . edu department of computer science iowa state university usa gregg oden e - mail : gregg-oden @ uiowa . edu department of psychology university of iowa usa the journal of cognitive systems research covers all topics in the study of cognitive processes , in both natural and artificial systems : knowledge representation and reasoning learning perception action memory problem - solving and cognitive skills language and communication agents integrative studies of cognitive systems the journal emphasizes the integration / synthesis of ideas , concepts , constructs , theories , and techniques from multiple paradigms , perspectives , and disciplines , in the analysis , understanding and design of cognitive and intelligent systems . contributions describing results obtained within the traditional disciplines are also sought if such work has broader implications and relevance . the journal seeks to foster and promote the discussion of novel approaches in studying cognitive and intelligent systems . it also encourages cross-fertilization of disciplines , by publishing high-quality contributions in all of the areas of study , including artificial intelligence , linguistics , psychology , psychiatry , philosophy , system and control theory , anthropology , sociology , biological sciences , and neuroscience . the scope of the journal includes the study of a variety of different cognitive systems , at different levels , ranging from social / cultural cognition , to individual cognitive agents , to components of such systems . of particular interest are theoretical , experimental , and integrative studies and computational modeling of cognitive systems , at different levels of detail , and from different perspectives . please send submissions in postscript format by electronic mail to one of the three co - editors - in - chief . note the journal transends traditional disciplinary boundaries , and considers contributions from all relevant disciplines and approaches . the key is the quality of the work and the accessibility and relevance to readers in different disciplines . the first issue of this new on-line journal , published by elsevierscience , will appear in early 1999 . in addition to this electronic journal , the issues will also be printed and bound as archival volume . published papers will be considered automatically for inclusion in specially edited books on cognitive systems research . for further information , see : http : / / cs . ua . edu / ~ rsun / journal . html - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - action editors : john barnden , school of computer science , university of birmingham , u . k . \ \ william bechtel , department of philosophy , washington university , st . louis , usa . \ \ rik belew , computer science and engineering department , university of california , san diego , usa . \ \ mark h . bickhard , department of psychology , lehigh university , usa . \ \ deric bownds , dept . of zoology , university of wisconsin , madison , usa . \ \ david chalmers , department of philosophy , university of california , santa cruz , usa . \ \ b . chandrasekaran , department of computer and information science , ohio state university , usa . \ \ marco dorigo , university of brussels , brussels , belgium \ \ michael dyer , computer science department , university of california , los angeles , usa . \ \ lee giles , nec research institute , princeton , new jersey , usa . \ \ george graham , philosophy department , university of alabama at birmingham , birmingham , al , usa . \ \ stephen j . hanson , psychology dept . , rutgers university , newark , new jersey , usa . \ \ valerie gray hardcastle , dept . of philosophy , virginia polytechnic and state university , blacksburg , virginia , usa . \ \ james hendler , department of computer science , university of maryland , college park , usa . \ \ stephen m . kosslyn , department of psychology , harvard university , usa . \ \ george lakoff , dept . of linguistics , university of california , berkeley , usa . \ \ joseph ledoux , center for neuroscience , new york university , new york , usa . \ \ daniel levine , department of psychology , university of texas at arlington , usa . \ \ vladimir j . lumelsky , robotics laboratory , department of mechanical engineering , university of wisconsin , madison , usa . \ \ james pustejovsky , brandeis university , massachusetts , usa . \ \ lynne m . reder , department of psychology , carnegie mellon university , pittsburgh , pa 15213 , usa . \ \ jude shavlik , computer sciences department , university of wisconsin , madison , usa . \ \ tim shallice , department of psychology , university college , london , uk \ \ aaron sloman , school of computer science , the university of birmingham , uk . \ \ paul thagard , philosophy department , university of waterloo , canada . \ \ leonard uhr , computer sciences department , university of wisconsin , madison , usa . \ \ david waltz , nec research institute , princeton , nj , usa . \ \ xin yao , dept . of computer science , australian defense force academy , canberra , australia . \ \
 "",0
 1897,""Subject: sinn und bedeutung 1998 - 3rd call
  
  3rd call for papers sinn und bedeutung 1998 3rd annual meeting of the gesellschaft fuer semantik ( ' association for semantics ' ) the third annual meeting of the gesellschaft fr semantik ( ' association for semantics ' ) will be held at the university of leipzig , between december 11 - 13 , 1998 . the main purpose of the conference , sinn und bedeutung 1998 , is to provide a forum for presenting work in progress and receiving feedback from other members of the semantics community . papers describing research contributions on any aspect of semantics are welcome for discussion . conference languages will be german and english . continuously updated information on sinn und bedeutung 1998 ( including accommodation , conference program , location etc . ) can be found at the website : http : / / www . uni-leipzig . de / ~ asw / sinn98 / index _ eg . htm invited speakers : peter gaerdenfors ( lund university , cognitive science kungshuset , lund ) : concept combination - a geometrical model manfred krifka ( university of texas , department of linguistics , austin ) : for a structured account of questions and answers alice ter meulen ( university of groningen , center for language and cognition , groningen ) : three degrees of dynamic involvement : the case of temporal reasoning submission of abstracts : all researchers in the area , but especially ph . d . students and young researchers , are invited to submit an abstract for a 30 - minute contributed talk ( plus 15 minutes for discussion ) on any topic in semantic theory . abstracts ( in english or german ) should be no more than 1500 words ( excluding references ) , but not less than 1000 words long . * deadline for submission of abstracts : september 15 , 1998 * authors should send 3 anonymous copies , plus 1 additional copy including the author 's name , affiliation and e-mail address . please use the following address : """" sinn und bedeutung 1998 """" universitt leipzig institut fr sprach - und bersetzungswissenschaft abteilung allgemeine sprachwissenschaft augustusplatz 9 d-04109 leipzig germany submissions by e-mail will be also accepted but only as plain text ( no attachments ! ) . fax submissions will not be accepted . all contributions will be reviewed by at least three members of the program committee . criteria for selection will include clarity , originality , and significance of results . program committee : josef bayer ( university of jena ) johannes doelling ( university of leipzig ) gerhard heyer ( university of leipzig ) ewald lang ( humboldt university berlin ) ingolf max ( university of leipzig ) susan olsen ( university of leipzig ) peter staudacher ( university of potsdam ) anita steube ( university of leipzig ) heinrich wansing ( university of leipzig ) the conference program and short versions of the abstracts ( to be submitted by the accepted speakers , see below ) will be made available at this website by november 20 , 1998 . dates to note : deadline for abstracts : september 15 , 1998 notification of acceptance : november 1 , 1998 deadline for short versions of the abstracts : november 10 , 1998 conference program : november 20 , 1998 conference : december 11 - 13 , 1998 contact : """" sinn und bedeutung 1998 """" universitaet leipzig institut fr sprach - und uebersetzungswissenschaft abteilung allgemeine sprachwissenschaft augustusplatz 9 d-04109 leipzig germany fax : + 49-341 - 97-37649 phone : + 49-341 - 97-37342 ( james witt ) + 49-341 - 97-37343 ( holden haertl ) + 49-341 - 97-37864 ( andreas spaeth ) e - mail : sinn98 @ rz . uni-leipzig . de in order to have an idea of the number of participants we can expect , we would like to ask you for early registration by e-mail with the form below . the organizers : anita steube , susan olsen , johannes doelling , holden haertl , andreas spaeth , james witt = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = registration form first name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ last name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ code _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
 "",0
 1898,""Subject: conference on the mental lexicon
  
  conference announcement first international conference on the mental lexicon edmonton , canada , september 3 - 5 , 1998 the conference will be held in the campus of the university of alberta . the program of the conference ( including all platform and poster sessions ) and other information are available at the conference website : http : / / www . ualberta . ca / ~ linguis / lexiconf . html _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ roberto g . de almeida roberto @ gpu . srv . ualberta . ca department of linguistics university of alberta phones ( 403 ) 492-0805 ( office ) edmonton , alberta ( 403 ) 492-5952 ( lab ) canada t6g 2e7 fax ( 403 ) 492-0806 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
 "",0
 1899,""Subject: literature , philology , and computers
  
  apologies for cross-posting - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - literature , philology and computers an international seminar university of edinburgh school of european languages and cultures ( italian ) 7 - 9 september 1998 < http : / / www . ed . ac . uk / ~ esit04 / seminar . htm > the seminar is running back-to - back with drh98 in glasgow ( http : / / drh98 . hatii . arts . gla . ac . uk / ) , and offers an excellent opportunity to flavour the best of the european school of humanities computing ( see programme below ) combined with a visit to scotland 's historic capital city . conference fees : 35 per person ( academic ) / 25 ( associated institutions ) / 15 ( post-graduate ) . this includes a buffet lunch on 8 september . venue : edinburgh university , adam ferguson building , george square . for further details please contact either domenico fiormonte at domenico . fiormonte @ ed . ac . uk . or dr anna middleton at anna . middleton @ ed . ac . uk ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ seminar programme ( provisional ) monday 7 september 1998 1pm - 2pm registration in room g . 10 , adam ferguson building , george square , edinburgh 2pm opening remarks by prof . sir stewart sutherland , principal of the university of edinburgh 2 . 15pm - 5pm session 1 - the new electronic textuality willard mccarty ( king 's college london , u . k . ) , """" what is humanities computing ? """" lou burnard ( university of oxford , u . k . ) , """" hermeneutical implications of text encoding """" . fabio ciotti ( university of rome , italy ) , """" text encoding as a theoretic language for literary text analysis . """" tuesday 8 september 9 . 30 am - 12 . 30 am session 2a - philology and computers antonio zampolli , ( university of pisa , cnr , italy ) , """" towards the consensual standard for natural language processing """" . francisco marcos - marin ( universidad autonoma , madrid , spain ) wher is electronic philology going ? present and future of a discipline . """" allen renear ( brown university , usa ) , """" text ontology and edition philology - - facing the hard questions . """" claire warwick ( university of oxford , u . k . ) , """" ' reports of my death have been greatly exaggerated . ' scholarly editing in the digital age """" . 2 . 00pm - 5 . 30pm session 2b - philology and computers david robey ( manchester university , u . k . ) , """" problems of computer-based stylistics : the structure of sounds in the divine comedy . """" mirko tavoni ( university of pisa , italy ) , """" the italian library online : the cibit project . """" massimo guerrieri ( university of rome , italy ) , """" towards a new edition of eugenio montale 's i mottetti : electronic variants and statistical analysis . """" francesca coraggio ( university of rome , italy ) , """" computer - based analysis of semantic patterns in antonio tabucchi 's notturno indiano . """" wednesday 9 september 9 . 30am - 12 . 30pm session 3 - hypertext and web projects giuseppe gigliozzi ( university of rome , italy ) """" researching and teaching italian literature in the digital era : the crilet project """" . federico pellizzi ( university of bologna , italy ) , """" hypertext as a critical discourse . """" elisabeth burr ( university of duisburg , germany ) , """" teaching romance linguistics with on - line french , italian and spanish corpora . """" lars erik holmquist and staffan bjork ( viktoria institute , sweden ) , """" showing overview and detail in digital variants : the focus + context browser . """" licia calvi , ( university of antwerp , belgium ) , """" the post - modern web : an experimental setting . """"
 "",0
 1900,""Subject: mt summit ' 99 cfp
  
  = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = machine translation summit vii september 13-17 , 1999 , singapore call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the seventh machine translation summit , organized by the asia - pacific association for machine translation ( aamt ) , will be held at kent ridge digital labs on the campus of national university of singapore from 13 to 17 september 1999 . mt summit vii , which is the last conference of the 20th century in the premier series of conferences on machine translation , will provide a forum for discussing the prospect of mt and related areas in the coming century . mt summit vii will feature an expanded program including research papers , reports on users ' experiences , discussions of policy issues , invited talks , panels , exhibitions , tutorials , and workshops . aamt invites all who are interested in any aspect of machine translation - researchers , developers , providers , users , and watchers - to participate in the conference . conference schedule : 13 september 1999 tutorials 14-16 september 1999 papers , panels and exhibitions 17 september 1999 workshops papers mt summit vii seeks original papers in all aspects of machine translation . topics of interests include , but are not limited to : - methodologies for mt ( rule-based , knowledge-based , analogy-based , statistics-based , etc . ) - practical mt systems ( mt for professional translation , mt for the internet , mt for localization , etc . ) - translation aids ( translation memory , terminology databases , etc . ) - speech and dialogue translation - natural language analysis and generation techniques - dictionaries and lexicons for mt systems - text corpora for mt and knowledge extraction from corpora - human factors in mt and user interfaces - evaluation techniques - standards in text and lexicon encoding for mt - cross - lingual information retrieval - mt and related technologies ( information retrieval , text categorization , text summarization , information extraction , etc . ) there will be three categories of papers : ( 1 ) research papers : submissions are invited for reports of significant research results in any aspect of machine translation and related areas . such reports should include a substantial evaluative component . papers should be in english , not longer than 5 , 000 words . ( 2 ) system presentations with demos : submissions are invited for reports on the design , implementation , operation and evaluation of operational and prototype systems . reports should be in english , not longer than 2 , 000 words . ( 3 ) user studies : submissions are invited for reports on users ' experiences with applying mt to some task , evaluation of mt systems , analysis of mt markets , etc . reports should be in english , not longer than 5 , 000 words . all types of papers should be submitted to the address below and must be received by the indicated date . papers should include a cover page with the following information : - paper title , - author ( s ) ' name ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , address ( es ) , and e-mail address ( es ) , - 200 word abstract , - for research papers : up to 5 keywords , - for system presentations with demos : the word """" system presentation with demo """" , and the hardware , software and network requirement for the demonstration , - for user studies : the word """" user study """" . please mail 4 hardcopies of the paper to : mt summit vii asia - pacific association for machine translation ( aamt ) 3f , shiba - koen sanada bldg . 3 - 5-12 shiba - koen , minato - ku , tokyo 105-0011 , japan in addition , please submit an ascii version of the cover page electronically to : aamt0001 @ infotokyo . or . jp important dates : 15 april 1999 paper submission deadline 30 may 1999 notifications 15 july 1999 final camera-ready copy deadline - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for exhibits in addition to the scheduled system presentations with demos , vendor booths will showcase commercial products ongoing basis throughout the conference . exhibits will not be restricted to machine translation systems but include a variety of nlp applications . if you would like to exhibit , please contact the local organizing secretary ( e-mail : vicky @ krdl . org . sg ) by april 15 , 1999 . call for panel / special session / invited speaker proposals submissions are invited for panel sessions dealing with significant , controversial and timely issues in machine translation . proposals should include the description of the topic , and preferably the names and affiliations of panelists who could represent diverse positions or approach to the topic . proposals for special sessions and invited speakers are also welcome . these proposals should be sent to the program chair ( e-mail : mt-summit - 99 - sessions @ mlist . ccm . cl . nec . co . jp ) by november 30 , 1998 . call for tutorial proposals proposals are solicited for tutorials on both technological and practical issues in machine translation . submissions should be made to the local organizing chair ( e-mail : hweeboon @ krdl . org . sg ) by november 30 , 1998 . they should include ( 1 ) the length of the tutorial ( either a half day or full day ) ; ( 2 ) an outline of the tutorial ; ( 3 ) the intended audience ( introductory , intermediate , advanced ) ; ( 4 ) complete contact information for the contact person ; and ( 5 ) brief biographies of the presenters . call for workshop proposals proposals are solicited for one-day workshops which bring together a relatively small group of people involved in a specific problem area of machine translation , to advance the state of the art in that area . submissions should be made to the program vice chair ( e-mail : tonglc @ krdl . org . sg ) by november 30 , 1998 . they should include the theme and goal of the workshop , the planned activities , and a list of potential participants . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - about singapore singapore is a vibrant , sophisticated city state of 3 million people offering the best of modern facilities and comforts while retaining her heritage and culture . a progressive , cosmopolitan city , singapore has the world 's best airport - changi international airport - and lies at the crossroads of asia . known for her food and shopping , singapore is a thriving nucleus for tourism , trade and finance . the climate in singapore is tropical all year round with high humidity and temperatures varying between 23 degrees celsius ( 74 f ) in the evening to 32 degrees celsius ( 90 f ) during the day . showers are sporadic and heavy but also brief and refreshing . light summer clothing may be worn throughout the day . about the venue kent ridge digital labs ( krdl ) is a national applied research & development organization established in january 1998 through the merger of former national it institutes - the information technology institute ( iti ) and the institute of systems science ( iss ) . with a diverse team of more than 400 research scientists , krdl 's aim is to be the premier research and development organization in asia - pacific for information and networking technologies . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - conference organization general chair : hozumi tanaka , tokyo institute of technology , japan local organizing committee chair : hwee boon low , kent ridge digital labs , singapore secretary : victorine chen - toh , kent ridge digital labs , singapore program committee chair : jun - ichi tsujii , university of tokyo , japan and umist , uk vice chair : loong cheong tong , kent ridge digital labs , singapore members : virginia cha , star + globe technologies , singapore jason s . chang , national tsing hua university , taiwan zhaoxiong chen , kezhi co . , china key - sun choi , korean advanced institute of science and technology , korea robert dale , macquarie university , australia zhendong dong , chinese information processing society , china dominique estival , university of melbourne , australia changning huang , tsinghua university , china hitoshi iida , atr interpreting telecommunications research laboratories , japan etsuo ito , toshiba corporation , japan hiroyuki kaji , hitachi , ltd . , japan shin - ichiro kamei , nec corporation , japan asanee kawtrakul , kasetsart university , thailand kunio matsui , fujitsu laboratories ltd . , japan se young park , electronics and telecommunications research institute , korea wanchai rivepiboon , chulalongkorn university , thailand trihono sastrohartono , agency for the assessment and application of technology , indonesia youlwon seong , language and computer , ltd . , korea keh - yih su , behavior design corporation , taiwan chew lim tan , national university of singapore , singapore benjamin k . tsou , city university of hong kong , hong kong yusoff zaharin , universiti sains malaysia , malaysia international advisors : laurie gerber , systran software , inc . , usa eduard hovy , usc information sciences institute , usa john hutchins , university of east anglia , uk antonio sanfillipo , linglink , luxembourg - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - further information for more details , please call vicky at ( 65 ) 874 2003 or fax ( 65 ) 776 8109 . you may also visit the web - site : http : / / www . krdl . org . sg = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
 "",0
 1901,""Subject: ecai-98 # 11 : final call for participation
  
  ecai-98 august 23-28 1998 brighton uk ( ` - ' ecai-98 : the 13th european conference on artificial intelligence final call for participation http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 ecai-98 takes place next week ! over 500 delegates will be participating in tutorials , workshops , the main conference and the social programmes . further on-site registrations are very welcome too . register on sunday between 15 . 00 and 18 . 00 to avoid the rush on monday morning . full details of the conference as well as useful information for registered delegates can be found on the website . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ecai-98 secretariat tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 678448 centre for advanced software applications fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 671320 university of sussex email : ecai98 @ cogs . susx . ac . uk brighton , bn1 9qh , uk http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 ecai-98 is organised by the european coordinating committee for artificial intelligence ( eccai ) and hosted by the universities of brighton and sussex on behalf of aisb . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",0
 1902,""Subject: perceiving and performing gender
  
  perceiving and performing gender : 4th symposion on gender research 12-14 november , kiel university , germany contact : susanne oelkers < oelkers @ zif . uni-kiel . de > preliminary program : thursday , nov . 12 , 1998 opening address at 6 : 30 p . m . by prof . dr . ruprecht haensel president of christian - albrechts - university at kiel gisela boehrk minister for education , science , research , and culture of schleswig - holstein prof . dr . gudula linck director of zif , cau kiel 7 : 00 - 8 : 00 p . m . : introductory remarks : wahrnehmung und herstellung von geschlecht dr . ursula pasero , zif , cau friday , nov . 13 , 1998 9 : 00 - 10 : 00 a . m . prof . dr . anthony mulac department of communication , university of california , santa barbara perceptions of women and men based on their linguistic behavior : the gender - linked language effect 10 : 00 - 11 : 00 a . m . prof . dr . donald g . mackay department of psychology , university of california , los angeles learning , comprehending , and thinking gender in english , german , and spanish coffee break 11 : 30 - 12 : 30 a . m . prof . dr . mahzarin r . banaji department of psychology , yale university implicit prejudice lunch break 2 : 30 - 6 : 00 p . m . concurrent panel sessions ( coffee breaks ) 6 : 00 - 7 : 00 p . m . prof . dr . jutta allmendinger institut fr soziologie , ludwig - maximilians - universitaet muenchen and prof . dr . j . richard hackman department of psychology , harvard university mitigating the stress of gender recomposition : a cross-institutional , cross-national analysis informal gathering for refreshments and getting acquainted saturday , nov . 14 , 1998 9 : 00 - 10 : 00 a . m . prof . dr . thomas w . laqueur department of history , university of california , berkeley the invention and gendering of onanism , 1711 - 1974 10 : 00 - 11 : 00 a . m . prof . dr . elisabeth bronfen englisches seminar , universitaet zuerich sprache der hysterie im zeichen der geschlechterdifferenz coffee break 11 : 30 - 12 : 30 a . m . prof . dr . allucqure rosanne stone advanced communication technologies laboratory , department of radio - tv - film , university of texas , austin title pending lunch break 2 : 30 - 3 : 30 p . m . poster presentation and discussion period coffee break 3 : 30 - 6 : 00 p . m . concurrent panel sessions 6 : 00 - 7 : 00 p . m . dr . ursula pasero : closing remarks the following papers were selected for presentation in panel sessions : session 1 : """" voice and language """" - sociobiological ideologies of gender difference in phonetic research norma mendoza - denton ( tuscon , arizona , usa ) / elizabeth a . strand ( columbus , ohio , usa ) - female and male vowel systems : does time play a role ? dr . adrian simpson ( kiel , germany ) - a comparison of gender differences in the production and perception of aspects of voice quality monique biemans ( nijmegen , netherlands ) - gender perception influences speech processing elizabeth a . strand ( columbus , ohio , usa ) - performing gender through voice pitch : a comparative study of monolingual and bilingual speakers of japanese and english yumiko ohara ( sapporo , japan ) - low pitch in the linguistic performance of california latina gang girls stefanie jannedy ( columbus , ohio , usa ) / norma mendoza - denton ( tuscon , arizona , usa ) - proverbs and gender discourse in morocco najia el alami ( ifrane , morocco ) - """" a german woman would n't understand """" : constructing more than just gender ingrid piller ( hamburg , germany ) session 2 : """" text , art , media """" - geschlecht im cyberspace yvonne bauer / ute je - desaever ( germany ) - erotic masculinities and the representation of sexual difference brian curtin ( united kingdom ) - male sex roles in french television advertisements : is masculinity redefined ? theodora ziamou ( paris , france ) - presenting , perceiving and performing gender in pre - raphaelite art patricia plummer ( mainz , germany ) - staging the self : women constructing identities in theatre sarah colvin ( edinburgh , united kingdom ) - perceiving and performing gender in the drama of caryl churchill annette pankratz ( passau , germany ) - real and hyperreal : a politics of the other annette comte ( burwood , victoria , australia ) - thus spoke the medusa : the demise of the masculine / feminine dichotomy in friedrich nietzsche and hlne cixous kelly s . meyer ( notre dame , indiana , usa ) - gebrtlichkeit und geschlecht nach hannah arendt und rahel levin varnhagen claudia jost ( hamburg , germany ) session 3 : """" history and remembrance """" - the end of masculinity : gender performance and the male body in early modern germany bettina mathes ( berlin , germany ) - rough masculinity : the mythologizing of the sailor in nineteenth century britain valerie burton ( st . john 's , newfoundland , canada ) - masculinization feminization : utopian and scientific experiments in the early 20th century heiko stoff ( hamburg , germany ) - motherliness and mastery : german women and constructions of gender and """" race """" in nazi - occupied poland 1940-44 elizabeth harvey ( liverpool , united kingdom ) - gedchtnis und geschlecht : franzsische widerstandsdenkmler als ausdruck von nationaler erinnerungskultur und ort der inszenierung von geschlechterverhltnissen mechthild gilzmer ( berlin , germany ) session 4 : """" occupation and family """" - should i stay or should i go ? wer verlt die wissenschaft als beruf janina von stebut / stefan fuchs ( mnchen , germany ) - women lawyers in germany perception and construction of feminity ulrike schulz ( hagen , germany ) - von lwen , menschen und organisationen sylvia m . wilz ( dortmund , germany ) - jenseits der grenzen von geschlecht ? lebensthemen und ihre bedeutung in partnerschaften barbara keddi / patricia pfeil ( mnchen , germany ) session 5 : """" nature and body """" - geschlecht zwischen natur und konstrukt . zur bedeutung des naturbegriffs fr eine kritische sozialwissenschaft christine hauskeller ( darmstadt , germany ) - interpretationen des geschlechterverhltnisses in der modernen verhaltenskologie inge schrder ( kiel , germany ) - perceiving gender : wahrnehmung der eigenen geschlechtsrollenidentifikation und krperlichen bzw . psychischen befindlichkeit kerrin christiansen ( hamburg , germany ) - sex testing , sport , and national identity : gender performance and america 's democratic bodies cheryl l . cole ( urbana , illinois , usa ) - sexuelle gewalt gegen frauen : die ermittlung von protektiven entwicklungsbedingungen bei mnnern und ihre implikationen fr prvention susanne kade ( bamberg , germany ) session 6 : """" construction of gender """" - process of professional education and socialization of woman academics : the construction of feminity in a biographical and generative point of view monika klinkhammer ( bonn , germany ) - soziale identitten contra geschlechtsidentitten anita fetzer ( stuttgart , germany ) / angelika glckner - rist / anina mischau ( mannheim , germany ) - konstruktionen von mnnlichkeit in der frauen - und mnnerforschung zwischen stereotypisierung und differenzierung und ihre bedeutung fr eine reflexive geschlechterforschung mathias rudlof ( berlin , germany ) - persnliche konstrukte zu frauen und mnnern in unterschiedlichen sozialen rollen christine altsttter - gleich ( landau , germany ) - """" wo ist denn der vater ? """" verque ( e ) re gedanken zum thema erziehung und geschlecht anja tervooren ( berlin , germany ) - konstruktion von krisenbewltigung aus geschlechtsspezifischer perspektive heike schemmel ( bamberg , germany ) contact : susanne oelkers < oelkers @ zif . uni-kiel . de >
 "",0
 1903,""Subject: hong kong journal of applied linguistics
  
  the second issue of the second volume of the hong kong journal of applied linguistics is devoted to the topic of language rights . the guest editor is phil benson . the issue contains the following articles : language rights and the medium - of-instruction issue in hong kong by phil benson hong kong children 's rights to a culturally compatible english education by angel m . y . lin language rights and the hong kong courts by anne cheung > from dialect to grapholect : written cantonese from a folkloristic viewpoint by chin wan - kan two name formation systems in one country : cantonese people 's attachment to names in hong kong by fu kin - hung and shin kataoka geoff smith , co - editor , geoff smith english centre university of hong kong pokfulam road hong kong phone : ( 852 ) - 2964-5760 fax : ( 852 ) - 2547-3409
 "",0
 1904,""Subject: ecdl98 - final call for participation
  
  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ final call for participation second european conference on research and advanced technology for digital libraries european european ics-forth university of union research crete consortium for informatics and mathematics - ieee computer society - lambrakis research foundation - ote - forthnet - general secretariat for research and technology , ministry for development , hellenic republic - hellenic ministry of culture - intracom - net computers & peripherals - general electric capital information technology solutions - cabernet - ergodata - air greece - swets & zeitlinger b . v . 19 - 23 september , 1998 knossos royal village , heraklion , crete , greece web page : http : / / www . csi . forth . gr / 2eurodl e - mail : ecdl @ cc . uch . gr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ we cordially invite you to join us at the second european conference on research and advanced technology for digital libraries , to be held at heraklion , crete , greece , september 19-23 . a wellcoming reception will take place on sunday , september 20 , 19 : 00 , at knossos royal village , by the pool . the conference opening session will take place at 9 . 00a . m . on monday the 21th of september 1998 and the final session will take place on wednesday afternoon , the 23rd of september 1998 . traditional cretan dinner with traditional cretan music will be organized on tuesday , september 22 , at a restaurant in the lasithi plateau , with a panoramic view of the area . the technical talks are complemented by internationally renowned experts ' invited presentations and special sessions , panel discussions , as well as poster and demonstration sessions . the 7th delos workshop on electronic commerce will be held jointly with the second european conference on research and advanced technology . tutorials will be organized on the 19th and 20th of september 1998 . detailed information concerning registration and accomodation , as well as an electronic version of the registration form , can be found at the conference web pages , http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / registration . html and http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / hotel . html most recent additions to the conference programme include another w3c sponsored tutorial on saturday , september 19 ( early registration fee will be charged for the new tutorial , """" using rdf to manage multilingual web sites """" , presented by janne saarela ) . for the most updated information regarding the conference programme please consult the conference web page , under the ' conference programme ' section , http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / programme . html for specific information please consult the appropriate sections of the conference web pages : paper sessions - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / accpapers . html panel sessions - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / panels . html posters - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / posters . html demos - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / demos . html tutorials - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / tutorials . html invited speakers - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / speakers . html special sessions - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / sessions . html 7th delos workshop on electronic commerce - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / delos-7 . html
 "",0
 1905,""Subject: convergence / divergence of dialects conf - final
  
  european science foundation the convergence and divergence of dialects in a changing europe university of reading , 17-19 september , 1998 final announcement and registration details the final conference of the european science foundation network on the convergence and divergence of dialects in a changing europe will take place at the university of reading , england , on 17-19 september , 1998 . it will include invited lectures by gaetano berruto ( turin ) , william labov ( pennsylvania ) and peter trudgill ( lausanne ) , as well as lectures by members of the network . papers for this event are welcome from everyone working in the area of dialect convergence and divergence in europe , both from a diachronic and a synchronic perspective , using qualitative or quantitative methodology . contributions on the smaller languages of europe are particularly welcome , as are papers on syntax , prosody and discourse . note that we take 'd ialect ' to refer to any non-standard language variety , and that we exclude from consideration relations between what are normally held to be different languages . closing date for receipt of abstracts : 16th march 1998 ( revised deadline ) decision on acceptance of abstracts : by 8th may themes : 1 . the role of standardisation in dialect convergence / divergence 2 . political boundaries and divergence / convergence 3 . the effect of migration on convergence / divergence 4 . historical perspectives on convergence / divergence ( earlier periods , long-term changes , etc . ) 5 . methods for the study of convergence / divergence 6 . dialect convergence / divergence and the light they shed on linguistic and sociolinguistic theory languages of conference : english and french format of papers : 45 minutes ( 30 minutes plus 15 minutes discussion ) , or posters abstracts : either four paper copies of a single-sheet abstract to be sent to paul kerswill at the address below , or an e-mail version to be sent to him on p . e . kerswill @ reading . ac . uk . state which theme your abstract comes under , and whether it is for a paper or a poster . at the top , give your name , institution ( university , etc . ) , address , e-mail address , fax and phone numbers . abstracts must be received by 16th march 1998 . registration : see the following website and click on ' registration form ' : http : / / www . linguistics . reading . ac . uk / research / seminars / dialect / - or e-mail paul kerswill . the site will also contain updates , as will the esf 's : http : / / www . esf . org / diala . htm # finalconference arrival details : reading is in the south of england , between london and oxford . london 's heathrow airport is under an hour away by airport bus . gatwick airport is easily reached by train ( one hour 15 minutes ) . dr paul kerswill ( esf ) department of linguistic science the university of reading whiteknights , po box 218 reading rg6 6aa , uk tel . + 44 118 987 5123 fax + 44 118 975 3365 e-mail p . e . kerswill @ reading . ac . uk peter auer ( hamburg ) , co-chair of network , e-mail auer @ rrz . uni-hamburg . de frans hinskens ( nijmegen ) , co-chair of network , e-mail f . hinskens @ let . kun . nl paul kerswill , local organiser 24 / 1 / 98
 "",0
 1906,""Subject: calls : workshop on american indigenous languages ( wail )
  
  workshop on american indigenous languages santa barbara , ca may 9-10 , 1998 the linguistics department at the university or california , santa barbara issues a call for papers to be presented at its first annual workshop on american indigenous languages ( wail ) . the workshop will be a forum for the discussion of theoretical and descriptive linguistic studies of indigenous languages of the americas . the workshop will take place on saturday and sunday may 9-10 , 1998 on the campus of the university of california , santa barbara . our invited speakers will be nicola bessel , wallace chafe , and marianne mithun . dr . bessell has worked extensively on the phonetics / phonology interface in coeur d ' alene salish . dr . chafe 's current research involves documentation of the seneca and caddo languages . he is also writing a popular book on the importance of native american languages . dr . mithun has just completed a book on the languages of north america for the green series put out by cambridge university press . anonymous abstracts are invited for talks on any topic in linguistics . talks will be 20 minutes , followed by 10 minutes for discussion . individuals may submit abstracts for one single and one co-authored paper . abstracts should be one page with a 500 word limit . a separate page for data and references may be included , if necessary . abstracts may be submitted in hardcopy or by email . the deadline for receipt of abstracts is february 22 , 1998 . for hardcopy submittal , please send four copies of your anonymous one-page abstract . in the envelope , include a 3x5 card with the following information : a . name b . affiliation c . mailing address d . phone number e . e-mail address f . title of your paper hardcopy abstracts should be mailed to : workshop on american indigenous languages department of linguistics university of california , santa barbara santa barbara , ca 93106 email submissions are encouraged . to submit an abstract by email , the information that would be included on the 3x5 card should be in the body of the email message , with the anonymous abstract sent as an attachment . email abstracts should be sent to : wail @ humanitas . ucsb . edu deadline for receipt of abstracts : february 22 , 1998 notification of acceptance will be by email in mid - march . general information santa barbara is situated on the pacific ocean near the santa ynez mountains . the ucsb campus is located near the santa barbara airport , and is approximately 90 miles north of lax airport in los angeles . shuttle buses run from lax to santa barbara several times each day . information about hotel accomodations will be provided on request . crash space for participants may be available with graduate students in the ucsb linguistics department for those who arrange early . wail is co-sponsored by the ucsb linguistics department and the department 's native american indian languages ( nail ) study group , which has been meeting regularly in santa barbara since 1990 , providing a forum for the discussion of issues relating to native american language and culture . for further information contact the conference coordinator at wail @ humanitas . ucsb . edu or ( 805 ) 893-3776 .
 "",0
 1907,""Subject: nels 29 program
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * n e l s 29 * * * * * * * * * * * * * annual meeting of the northeastern linguistic society * * * university of delaware , newark , de october 16-18 , 1998 < http : / / sun . ling . udel . edu / nels - 29 > nels - 29 @ udel . edu registration information preregistration fees * * * $ 20 ( us ) for students and $ 40 ( us ) for others before september 16 , 1998 . on - site registration fees * * * $ 25 ( us ) for students and $ 50 ( us ) for others for further information , including the registration form , please consult the nels 29 website or contact us at the e-mail address listed above . < http : / / sun . ling . udel . edu / nels - 29 > nels 29 preliminary schedule this schedule will be updated on the nels 29 web page as more information becomes available . you can also find information about accommodations and traveling to the university of delaware on the web page . friday , october 16th talks 1 : 00 - 1 : 30 mark baker & ot stewart """" verb movement , objects , and verb serialization """" 1 : 30 - 2 : 00 junko shimoyama """" complex nps and wh - quantification in japanese """" 2 : 00 - 2 : 30 paul elbourne """" does attract f carry along ff [ f ] """" 2 : 30 - 3 : 30 break 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 elisabeth villalta """" resolution of scope ambiguities in ' how many ' questions """" 4 : 00 - 4 : 30 nigel duffield & ayumi matsuo """" the acquisition of ellipsis and anaphora by first and second language learners """" 4 : 30 - 5 : 00 charlotte koster & kenneth drozd """" dutch children 's understanding of bound - variable constructions """" 5 : 00 - 5 : 30 break 5 : 30 - 6 : 00 felicia lee """" evidence for tense in a ' tenseless ' language """" 6 : 00 - 6 : 30 natalia kondrashova """" barenaked tenses and their morphological outfits """" saturday , october 17 , 1998 talks 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 johan rooryck & guido vanden wyngaerd """" puzzles of identity : binding at the interface """" 9 : 30-10 : 00 phil branigan & marguerite mackenzie """" binding relations and the nature of pro in innu - aimun """" 10 : 00-10 : 30 idan landau """" control and extraposition : the case of super - equi """" 10 : 30-11 : 00 break 11 : 00-11 : 30 ted fernald """" an anaphoric account of stage - level predicates """" 11 : 30-12 : 00 uli sauerland """" why variables ? """" 12 : 00-12 : 30 julie anne legate """" on the interpretation of indefinites """" 12 : 30 - 2 : 00 lunch parallel sessions 2 : 00 - 2 : 30 roumyana izvorski """" specificational pseudoclefts have equative syntax ( and this helps explain their crosslinguistic availability ) """" jongho jun """" generalized sympathy """" 2 : 30 - 3 : 00 masao ochi """" multiple spell - out and pf adjacency """" gunnar olafur hansson """" ' when in doubt . . . ' : intraparadigmatic dependencies and gaps in icelandic """" 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 artemis alexiadou """" an ergative pattern in a nominative - accusative language """" amanda miller - ockhuizen """" reduplication in ju / ' hoasi : tone determines weight """" 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 break 4 : 00 - 4 : 30 cristina schmitt & alan munn """" against the nominal mapping parameter : bare nouns in brazilian portuguese """" sung - a kim """" tone spread decomposed : phonological rule v . phonetic timing """" 4 : 30 - 5 : 00 christina tortora """" agreement , case , and i-subjects """" marie - helene cote """" syllable structure and domain-final strengthening : evidence from basque """" 5 : 00 - 5 : 30 xuan zhou """" mandarin negations as negative aspectual elements """" alexei kochetov """" constraints on distribution of palatalized stops : evidence for licensing by cue """" 5 : 30 - 8 : 00 dinner 8 : 00 party sunday , october 18 , 1998 9 : 30-10 : 00 steven bird """" word domains and double downstep in bamileke - dschang """" 10 : 00-10 : 30 paola monachesi """" syntactic and prosodic properties of italian restructuring verbs """" 10 : 30-11 : 00 hisao tokizaki """" prosodic phrasing and bare phrase structure """" 11 : 00-11 : 30 coffee break 11 : 30-12 : 00 takashi toyoshima """" move 1st : a dynamic economy plan """" 12 : 00-12 : 30 ida toivonen """" swedish place expressions """" 12 : 30 - 1 : 00 rajesh bhatt """" argument - adjunct asymmetries in rhetorical questions """" alternate papers : yoonjung kang """" ' universal ' markedness and markedness reversal """" ken vanbik & andreas kathol """" morphology - syntax interface in lai internally - headed relative clauses """" jong - bok kim """" constraints on the formation of korean and english resultatives """" poster presentations : there will be two poster sessions : friday , 2 : 30 - 5 : 30 saturday , 9 : 00-12 : 30 the schedule for which posters are in which session will be posted to the nels 29 web page when times are finalized . brian agbayani """" the locality and optionality of scrambling """" calixto aguero - batista """" identity effects in spanish diminutives """" mee - jin ahn """" vowel length - driven syllable weight """" artemis alexiadou & elena anagnostopoulou """" non - active morphology and the direction of transitivity alternations """" elena anagnostopoulou """" on clitics , feature movement and double object alternations """" ralph blight """" subjects positions and ellipsis in germanic """" cedric boeckx """" expletive split : existentials and presentationals """" patrick bye """" extending prosodic faithfulness : evidence from the mora """" gloria cocchi """" on symmetrical double object constructions : a case of multiple feature-checking """" kenneth drozd & erik van loosbroek """" dutch children 's comprehension of constructions with the focus particle ` alleen ' ( ` only ' ) """" tom ernst """" adjuncts , the universal base , and word order typology """" adamantios gafos & linda lombardi """" consonant transparency in vowel echo """" chung - hye han """" the contribution of force and mood in the semantics of imperatives """" hooi ling soh """" object scrambling in chinese : a comparison with scrambling in dutch and german """" david lebeaux """" where does the binding theory apply ? """" winfried lechner """" on comparative deletion """" ki - suk lee """" additional wh-effects on different constructions """" bruce moren """" syllable weight asymmetries in distinctive and coercive environments """" ileana paul """" malagasy wh-movement """" sasa vukic """" on case and the mlc """" phillippe schlenker """" skolem functions and the scope of indefinites """" sandra stjepanovic """" superiority and multiple sluicing in serbo - croatian """" stefano vegnduzzo """" sequence of aspects ( and lack thereof ) in naudm """" colin wilson """" bidirectional optimization and the binding theory """" jie zhang """" the / n / - / ng / asymmetry upon / r / - suffixation in beijing and elsewhere - - max or ident ? """"
 "",0
 1908,""Subject: workshop on embodied conversational characters
  
  call for participation the first workshop on embodied conversational characters with support of aaai cooperation of acm / sigchi granlibakken resort & conference center at lake tahoe tahoe city ( north shore ) california , usa october 12-15 , 1998 recent advances in several core software technologies have made possible a new type of human-computer interface : the conversational character . conversational characters are autonomous , anthropomorphic , animated figures that have the ability to communicate through multiple modalities , including spoken language , facial expressions , and gestures . unlike textual natural language interfaces , conversational characters have the ability to perceive and produce the verbal and non-verbal signals that identify discourse structure and regulate the flow of information between interlocutors . such signals include intonational patterns , gestures , back-channel feedback signals , and turn-taking protocols . these capabilities enable them to engage in complex interactions with human users via natural speech rather than complex command languages , menus or graphical manipulations . research on conversational characters has emerged from a number of disciplines , including , among others , artificial intelligence , computational linguistics , computer animation , computer vision , psychology , cognitive science , virtual reality , cscw , and hci . this diversity is naturally reflected in the broad range of active research areas in conversational character interfaces . the primary goal of this workshop is to advance the state of conversational character research and development by identifying novel approaches to the topics and issues listed below , and integrating them into a framework for embodied , conversational human-computer interaction . a provisional program can be found at http : / / www . fxpal . com / wecc98 / . attendance attendance will be limited to 40 people . there will be space for a few attendees who did not submit papers . non - presenters wishing to attend the workshop should submit a one page description of their current research interests and their relation to the workshop themes . research descriptions should be emailed to prevost @ pal . xerox . com no later than september 14 , 1998 . the list of attendees will be finalized by september 18 . workshop organizers joseph w . sullivan , fx palo alto lab , usa ( sullivan @ pal . xerox . com ) justine cassell , mit media laboratory , usa ( justine @ media . mit . edu ) workshop program committee committee co - chairs : scott prevost , fx palo alto lab , usa ( prevost @ pal . xerox . com ) elizabeth churchill , fx palo alto lab , usa ( churchill @ pal . xerox . com ) committee members : elisabeth andr , dfki gmbh , germany ( elisabeth . andre @ dfki . de ) gene ball , microsoft research , usa ( geneb @ microsoft . com ) phil cohen , oregon graduate institute , usa ( pcohen @ cse . ogi . edu ) barbara hayes - roth , stanford univ . , usa ( hayes-roth @ cs . stanford . edu ) kenji mase , atr international , japan ( mase @ mic . atr . co . jp ) clifford nass , stanford university , usa ( nass @ leland . stanford . edu ) mark steedman , university of pennsylvania , usa ( steedman @ cis . upenn . edu ) kris thorisson , lego a / s , denmark ( kris @ digi . lego . com ) demos chair : timothy bickmore , isii inc . , usa ( bickmore @ pal . xerox . com ) additional information for more information , please consult the workshop web page : www . fxpal . com / wecc98 /
 "",0
 1909,""Subject: ppsn - v call for participation
  
  call for participation fifth international conference on parallel problem solving from nature ppsn - v amsterdam , the netherlands 27-30 september 1998 http : / / www . wi . leidenuniv . nl / cs / alp / ppsn98 . html the scientific content of the ppsn conference focuses on the topic of problem solving paradigms gleaned from natural models , including ( but not limited to ) organic evolution , neural network based learning processes , immune systems , life and its properties in general , dna strands , chemical and physical processes . ppsn - v will be held between 27-30 september 1998 in the golden tulip barbizon palace hotel , in the very heart of amsterdam . on the first day of the conference , september 27th ( sunday ) , eight tutorials will be given by well-known experts in evolutionary computation and related fields . the technical sessions will be held on 28 , 29 and 30 september . each day starts with an oral presentation from an invited speaker addressing hot topics in the context of evolutionary computation . the technical sessions contain 100 contributions which were selected from 185 papers submitted to the conference organizers . ppsn - v adjoins the foundations of genetic algorithms 5 workshop on theoretical aspects of evolutionary computation ( foga 5 ) , held in leiden , the netherlands , 24-26 september 1998 . for registration information and the latest updates on the ppsn - v look at http : / / www . wi . leidenuniv . nl / cs / alp / ppsn98 . html
 "",0
 1910,""Subject: creating sense : texts and realities
  
  """" creating sense : texts and realities """" organized by national university of singapore dept of english language and literature with cambridge university press and materials development association 7 - 9 september 1998 orchard hotel , singapore further details on registration and accommodation : http : / / nusinfo . nus . sg / nusinfo / fass / ell / createsense98 monday 7 september 9 . 00 opening and conference announcements ( orchard ballroom 1 ) 9 . 30 plenary session ( orchard ballroom 1 ) david nunan : principles for the design of speaking and listening materials . 10 . 30 coffee 11 . 00 parallel sessions , set 1 ( x3 ) until 11 . 40 : brian tomlinson : creating sense from the inner voice . ( rosewood ) nancy jordan renman : learning to write in english : rethinking written discourse pedagogy . ( lavender 1 ) martin montgomery : communicating nationalism : the discourse of a party election broadcast by the scottish national party . ( lavender 2 ) 11 . 45 parallel sessions , set 2 ( x3 ) until 12 . 25 nittaya campbell : making sense of legal english . ( rosewood ) ho chee lick : ' family ' in teenage magazine discourse . ( lavender 1 ) peter k . w . tan : my word or yours ? malay loan words across different englishes ( lavender 2 ) 12 . 30 - - 2 . 00 lunch 2 . 00 - 5 . 00 parallel 3 - hour workshops : jane arnold : materials development : a step towards autonomy ( ob 1 ) david nunan : using authentic data in materials design ( rosewood ) brian tomlinson : developing materials for creative reading ( 1 ) ( l 1 ) martin montgomery : working with media materials in the classroom : television advertising . ( lavender 2 ) 3 . 00 - 4 . 00 afternoon tea ( workshop breaks during this period ) 5 . 00 end of day 1 tuesday 8 september 8 . 50 announcements , followed by plenary session ( orchard ballroom 1 ) liz hamp - lyons : which englishes ? problems for writing assessment . 10 . 00 coffee 10 . 30 parallel sessions , set 3 ( x 4 ) until 11 . 10 robert ceperkovic : ' i got it from the internet ! ' critical awareness and the internet : are the two incongruous ? ( orchard ballroom 1 ) desmond allison , susheela varghese and wu siew mei : tasks , feedback , and writing development . ( rosewood ) edward chan : privileged accounts of reality : the only possible form of knowledge and narrative . ( juniper ) lisa lim and lee ee may : diphthongs in singapore english : articulating our realities . ( cypress ) 11 . 15 parallel sessions , set 4 ( x4 ) until 11 . 55 carl mills : going beyond language to create sense in scientific discourse . ( orchard ballroom 1 ) ramona tang and suganthi john : the i in identity : exploring writer identity in student academic writing through the first person pronoun . ( rosewood ) lim beng soon , samantha su , nina venkataraman and wee bee geok : citizenship examined : a linguistic analysis of newspaper articles of flight mi185 crash in december 1997 . ( juniper ) daniel kies : i see what you mean : the theoretical consequences of blurring distinctions between speech and writing . ( cypress ) 12 . 00 parallel sessions , set 5 ( x3 ) until 12 . 40 peter millward : making sense in dramatic contexts . ( orchard ballroom 1 ) asha tickoo : how to create a crisis : a study of esl narrative prose . ( r ) hitomi masuhara : the multi-dimensional representation model : a neural interpretation of the process of creating sense during thereading process . ( juniper ) linda thompson : children creating social contexts through discourse ( cypress ) 12 . 40 - - 13 . 40 lunch 1 . 45 - - 4 . 45 parallel 3 - hour workshops : jane arnold : affect and materials development . ( orchard ballroom 1 ) liz hamp - lyons : judging writing : products and processes . ( rosewood ) mario rinvolucri : developing exercises that respect the way the ' mind-brain ' makes sense of things ( 1 ) . ( juniper ) brian tomlinson developing materials for creative reading ( 2 ) . ( cypress ) ( 3 . 00 - 4 . 00 afternoon tea ) 5 . 10 - 6 . 10 distinguished visiting professor lecture ( orchard ballroom 1 ) george p . landow , brown university : how does one make sense in hypertext ? or , reading in e - space . 6 . 10 end of day 2 wednesday 9 september 8 . 50 announcements followed by plenary session ( orchard ballroom 1 ) mario rinvolucri : filters - - some of the ways we ' cook ' reality for ourselves . 10 . 00 coffee 10 . 30 parallel sessions , set 6 ( x4 ) until 11 . 10 shi - xu and manfred kienpointner : culture as arguable : a comparative - discourse - - analytical approach to intercultural mass communication . ( rosewood ) kath copley : death of the ' tyrant ' : media constructions of pol pot at the time of his passing . ( lavender 1 ) catherine kuo : in search of oneself : a case study of growing through writing in an advanced efl classroom in taiwan . ( lavender 2 ) susan hassall : ' creating worlds ' : constructing narrative in picture books . ( cypress ) 11 . 15 parallel sessions , set 7 ( x4 ) until 11 . 55 : yang ruiying : negotiating meaning : an analysis of chinese learners ' conversations in english . ( rosewood ) takehiko nishioka : a study on the japanese high school students ' skill in expressing subjectivity in their writings . ( lavender 2 ) jeffrey p . jones : creating political common sense : politically incorrect and lay political discourse . ( cypress ) 12 . 00 parallel sessions , set 8 ( x3 ) until 12 . 40 graeme cane : ' leaving in a taxt , in a huff , or in a minute and a huff : using idioms to make and remake meaning . ( rosewood ) donald l . smith : when the japanese student hits the internet head-on . ( lavender 2 ) khoo sim eng : making sense of the singapore feminine identity in local television advertisements . ( cypress ) 12 . 40 - - 1 . 30 lunch 1 . 30 - 4 . 30 parallel 3 - hour workshops : jane arnold : brain - friendly materials . ( orchard ballroom 1 ) mario rinvolucri : developing exercises that respect the way the ' mind-brain ' makes sense of things ( 2 ) . ( rosewood ) anneliese kramer - dahl & maha sripathy : developing critical textual awareness . ( lavender 1 ) hitomi masuhara : creating multi-dimensional sense in reading . ( lavender 2 ) ( 3 . 00 - 4 . 00 afternoon tea ) 4 . 30 end of workshop sessions 4 . 35 closing session - - brief commentaries on the conference ( in orchard ballroom1 ) 5 . 00 end of conference
 "",0
 1911,""Subject: germanic linguistics annual conference-5 , 1999
  
  germanic linguistics annual conference-5 ( glac - 5 ) will take place at the university of texas at austin , april 16-18 , 1999 . we invite colleagues at all levels ( faculty and graduate students ) to submit abstracts for 30 - minute papers on any linguistic or philological aspect of any historic or modern germanic language or dialect , including english ( to 1500 ) and the extraterritorial varieties . papers from a range of linguistic subfields , including phonetics , phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics , sociolinguistics , language acquisition , contact , and change , as well as differing theoretical approaches , are especially welcome . please send to the address below a one-page , 12 - point font abstract that is headed only by the title of your paper , as well as a separate 3 """" x 5 """" index card with your name , institutional affiliation , mailing address , phone / fax numbers , e-mail address , and the title of your paper . submissions must be received by january 2 , 1999 . notifications of acceptance will be sent out by february 1 , 1999 . glac - 5 department of germanic studies e . p . schoch 3 . 102 university of texas at austin austin , texas 78712 for more information , e-mail prof . mark l . louden ( louden @ mail . utexas . edu ) or prof . mark r . v . southern ( m . southern @ mail . utexas . edu ) . as of october 1 , 1998 , you may also consult the glac - 5 website via the ut germanic studies departmental website at www . utexas . edu / depts / german / main . html .
 "",0
 1912,""Subject: call : neural symbolic processing
  
  nips * 98 conference workshop ( part of international conference on neural information processing systems ) december 4 and 5 , 1998 breckenridge , colorado hybrid neural symbolic integration - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - stefan wermter , university of sunderland , uk ron sun , university of alabama , usa description and motivation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - in the past it was very controversial whether neural or symbolic approaches alone will be sufficient to provide a general framework for intelligent processing . in recent years , the field of hybrid neural symbolic processing has seen a remarkable development . the motivation for the integration of symbolic and neural models of cognition and intelligent behavior comes from many different sources . > from the perspective of cognitive neuroscience , a symbolic interpretation of an artificial neural network architecture is desirable , since the brain has a neuronal structure and the capability to perform symbolic processing . this leads to the question how different processing mechanisms can bridge the large gap between , for instance , acoustic or visual input signals and symbolic reasoning for instance for language processing , inferencing , etc . > from the perspective of knowledge-based processing , hybrid neural / symbolic representations are advantageous , since different mutually complementary properties can be integrated . symbolic representations have advantages with respect to easy interpretation , explicit control , fast initial coding , dynamic variable binding and knowledge abstraction . on the other hand , neural representations show advantages for gradual analog plausibility , learning , robust fault-tolerant processing , and generalization to similar input . since these advantages are mutually complementary , a hybrid symbolic connectionist architecture can be useful if different processing strategies have to be supported . areas of interest - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - integration of symbolic and neural techniques for - integrating techniques for language and speech processing - integrating different modes of reasoning and inferencing - combining different techniques in data mining - integration for vision , language , multimedia - hybrid techniques in knowledge based systems - combining fuzzy / neuro techniques - neural / symbolic techniques and applications in engineering - exploratory research in - emergent symbolic behavior based on neural networks - interpretation and explanation of neural networks - knowledge extraction from neural networks - various forms of interacting knowledge representations - dynamic systems and recurrent networks - evolutionary techniques for cognitive tasks ( language , reasoning , etc ) - autonomous learning systems for cognitive agents that utilize both neural and symbolic learning techniques format - - - - - the workshop should provide a forum for presenting and discussing theory and practice of neural / symbolic integration . the format will consist of position statements / panel , group discussion and individual paper presentations . we intend to reserve a significant portion of time for open discussion . the proposed length of the workshop is two days . suggested panels are : 1 . connectionist models for language , vision , inferencing . what are principles for neural / symbolic representation ? 2 . hybrid neural models for new media ( multimedia , web searching , digital libraries , etc ) what will be the impact of hybrid techniques in the future ? submission - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - it is intended to publish the results after the workshop , either in a book ( springer ) or via a special issue of a journal . we invite papers which can take two forms : short position papers ( around 4 pages ) or full papers ( up to 12 pages ) . we intend to process submissions electronically . please a postscript file via ftp ( see below ) . the paper format should be compatible with latex article format : 11pt , 12 pages maximum , including title , address and email address , abstract , figures , references . notifications will be sent by email to the first author . postscript files can be uploaded with anonymous ftp . please send a notification message to stefan . wermter @ sunderland . ac . uk ftp isis . sunderland . ac . uk ( 157 . 228 . 12 . 13 ) login : anonymous password : < your email address > cd pub / wermter binary put < yourfile . ps > or < yourfile . ps . gz > quit the paper must arrive not later than 25th september 1998 at the address below . # # # # # # # # # # # # # # submission deadline : 25th september 1998 for an update on invited speakers , panel and information please see http : / / osiris . sunderland . ac . uk / ~ cs0stw / wermter / workshops / nips-workshop . html please send correspondence to : nips workshop contact - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * professor stefan wermter research chair in intelligent systems university of sunderland school of computing & information systems st peters way sunderland sr6 0dd united kingdom phone : + 44 191 515 3279 fax : + 44 191 515 2781 email : stefan . wermter @ sunderland . ac . uk http : / / osiris . sunderland . ac . uk / ~ cs0stw / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",0
 1913,""Subject: iada conference
  
  marcelo dascal and his colleagues are organizing together with iada a conference at the university of tel aviv from june 13-16 , 1999 . the main topic of this joint conference will be negotiations . there will be two parts : june , 13-15 pragmatics of negotiation , organized by the colleagues from tel aviv june , 15-16 negotiation as a dialogic concept , organized by marcelo dascal and edda weigand on behalf of iada the iada part will be structured according to plenary papers and sessions or round-tables . we cordially invite all our members and other colleagues to take part in this conference . in recent years , the topic negotiation has become a central dialogic concept , not only as a specific type of dialogue but in general as a crucial term for linguistic , philosophical , and interdisciplinary methodology . meaning and understanding in general are negotiated in dialogue . all these facets of the term can be addressed in individual papers or be taken as the topic of round-tables . this first circular is intended as a call for papers and proposals for round-tables . round tables consist of a series of closely related lectures on a specific subtopic of negotiation . the conference language will be english . conference homepage : http : / / zsf5 . uni-muenster . de / zsf / iada / tel1circ . htm for further information please ask : prof . edda weigand university of muenster fb 11 : philologie sprachwissenschaft bispinghof 2b d-48143 muenster germany tel . : + 49 / 251 / 8328494 fax . : + 49 / 251 / 8328495 e - mail : weigand @ uni-muenster . de
 "",0
 1914,""Subject: armenian ling
  
  * * * second and last call for papers * * * sixth international conference on armenian linguistics - paris , july 5 - 9 , 1999 the sixth international conference on armenian linguistics will be held in paris , july 5 - 9 , under the auspices of the institut national des langues et civilisations orientales ( inalco ) papers will not be restricted in terms of topic or theoretical approach . workshops will be organized according to paper proposals . deadline for submission of proposals : 30 september 1998 proposals for presentations should be sent to : anaid donabedian , 57 , bd jourdan , 75014 paris , france fax + 33 1 44 15 10 61 e-mail : donabed @ ext . jussieu . fr submissions sent by fax or email are welcome , if followed by copy by post . proposals should include : 1 . participation form ; see the form below . 2 . an anonymous abstract ( three copies ) indicating clearly the author 's theoretical assumptions and , methodology , and showing how the research represents original work in the field of armenian linguistics or linguistics generally . the abstract should include a brief bibliography . ( total 1 - 2 page a4 ; languages : french , english , armenian ) the conference may provide financial support for transportation and / or room and board fees for participants who reside permanently in armenia or other eastern bloc countries , whose papers are accepted for presentation . participants from other countries who have no institutional backing may also apply for support . preference will be given partly to young scholars . the fee for participating in the conference will be 500 ff ( roughly us $ 100 ) ( students : 150 ff ) comfortable lodging ( shower , wc , telephone ) at reasonable rates ( 150-200 fft ) will be available at the cite internationale universitaire de paris . good hotel accomodation will be proposed at 500-600f per night near the palais royal and the conference area . application form : surname : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . title : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . affiliation : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . address : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e - mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . title of paper / presentation : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . key words ( 4 words maximum ) : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i request financial assistance : yes / no anaid donabedian - demopoulos section d ' armenien - inalco 2 , rue de lille 75343 paris cedex 07 donabed @ ext . jussieu . fr attention , je suis provisoirement detachee au cnrs ( cams , umr 17 ) ; veuillez utiliser de preference mon adresse personnelle : 57 bd jourdan 75014 paris tel : 01 44 16 11 10 fax : 01 44 16 10 61 ou l ' adresse electronique donabed @ ext . jussieu . fr
 "",0
 1915,""Subject: language acquisition ( gala ' 97 )
  
  gala ' 97 conference on language acquisition proceedings are now available the highly successful gala ' 97 conference on language acquisition took place in edinburgh in april 1997 , attracting some 200 researchers in language acquisition from around the world . the printed proceedings of that conference are now available . they contain 93 6 - page papers covering first language syntax and semantics , acquisition of phonetics and phonology , cognitive modelling , second language syntax and semantics , second language psycholinguistics , impaired acquisition , bilingual acquisition . all of these papers were presented at the conference either as papers or posters . information about the conference and abstracts of the papers may be found at the gala ' 97 website http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / gala / the book """" language acquisition : knowledge representation and processing . proceedings of gala ' 97 """" ( 540 pp . isbn 1 902242 00 9 ) can be ordered directly . to order , please make a cheque or money-order , in uk pounds sterling , payable to """" the university of edinburgh """" . also , print out and fill in the order form below and address them to : gala ' 97 proceedings department of applied linguistics the university of edinburgh 14 buccleuch place edinburgh eh8 9ln uk + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + gala ' 97 proceedings . order form . please send me . . . . . copies of the gala ' 97 proceedings . send them to : ( name and address ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the cost per copy is 16 . 00 pounds sterling . please tick your postal requirements ( cost is per copy ) tick cost destination . . . . 4 . 15 pounds . within uk . ( first class , one price ) . . . . 5 . 29 pounds anywhere in the rest of europe ( airmail ) . . . . 12 . 03 pounds usa and rest of the world ( airmail ) . . . . 5 . 21 pounds usa and rest of the world ( surface mail - allow 4 - 6 weeks ) total the cost of the book ( s ) and the ( combined ) postage . please add 35p for each copy if you are paying by credit card ( see below ) . i enclose cheque / money order to the value of . . . . . . . . we are able to accept payment from a variety of credit cards ( visa , mastercard , switch , and delta ) . payments made by credit card incur an additional charge of 2 % of the total amount due ( see above ) . if you wish to pay by credit card , please print out the following form , complete it and return it to us by post . ( you are advised not to send your credit card details by email . also , we require an actual signature . ) name : address to which the card is registered : card type ( visa , mc , switch , delta ) : card number : valid from : expiry data : amount due : total to be charged to card : signature : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
 "",0
 1916,""Subject: 2nd hispanic lingusitic symposium
  
  second hispanic linguistics symposium / segundo simposio de linguistica hispanica october 9-11 , 1998 the ohio state university the fawcett center , 2400 olentangy river road , columbus , oh . 43210-10027 ) program friday , october 9 ( room 4 ) : 9 : 00 - 9 : 15 opening remarks . 9 : 30-10 : 00 lee hartman , southern illinois university : """" parsing spanish _ solo _ """" 10 : 00-10 : 30 cristina sanz , georgetown university : """" spanish teacher talk : complexity and word order """" 10 : 30-11 : 00 ronald p . leow , georgetown university : """" attention , awareness , and theforeign language classroom """" 11 : 00-11 : 30 james f . lee , university of illinois , urbana : """" on levels of processing and on levels of comprehension """" 11 : 30 - 1 : 00 lunch break 1 : 00 - 1 : 30 maria fernandez , michigan state university : ( tba ) 1 : 30 - 2 : 00 paola dussias , university of illinois , urbana : """" the function-word effect in spanish - english codeswitching : what eye - tracking can tell us """" 2 : 00 - 2 : 30 carmen garcia fernandez , university of virginia : """" requesting for a service : strategies used by venezuelan women """" 2 : 30 - 3 : 00 elena ruzickova , miami university : """" cuban facework : politeness strategies in requests , apologies and compliment responses """" 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 coffee break 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 diane ringer uber , the college of wooster : """" forms of address in the commercial spanish of five latin american cities 4 : 00 - 4 : 30 maryellen garcia , university of texas , san antonio : """" evidence from _ nomas _ in a bilingual dialect """" 4 : 30 - 5 : 00 pat lunn , michigan state university : the domino effect : changes in subjunctive usage in quito 5 : 00 - 5 : 30 coffee break 5 : 30 - 6 : 00 kenneth wireback , miami university : """" on the velarization of / n / in cuban radio broadcasting """" 6 : 00 - 6 : 30 claudia parodi , ucla : """" the agreement system of los angeles spanish and the media """" 6 : 30 - 7 : 00 liliana sanchez , carnegie mellon university : """" d0 features and the direct object pronominal system of andean spanish """" 7 : 30 - 9 : 00 welcoming reception at the faucett center 's alumni lounge saturday , october 10 ( parallel sessions ) session a ( rooms 6 - 7 ) : 8 : 30 - 9 : 00 luis lopez , university of missouri : """" on the syntax of contrastive focus : evidence from vp - ellipsis """" 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 jose camacho , rutgers university : """" a focus auxiliary in dialects of spanish """" 9 : 30-10 : 00 eugenia casielles , wayne state university : """" notes on the topic-focus articulation """" 10 : 00-10 : 30 coffee break 10 : 30-11 : 00 enrique mallen , texas a&m university : """" predicate inversion in spanish """" 11 : 00-11 : 30 francisco ordonez , university of illinois - urbana : """" subject inversion in romance and predicate raising """" 11 : 30-12 : 00 hector campos , georgetown university : """" three types of subject raising in spanish """" 12 : 00 - 1 : 30 lunch break 1 : 30 - 2 : 00 juan martin , university of toledo : """" the syntax and semantics of spanish accusative _ a _ """" 2 : 00 - 2 : 00 luis silva - villar , ucla : """" diachronic qualitative studies on minimalist operations """" 2 : 30 - 3 : 00 marta lujan , the university of texas , austin : """" minimalist bello : basic categories in bello 's grammar """" 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 coffee break 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 raul aranovich , university of texas , san antonio : """" blocking of spanish reflexives in the hierarchical lexicon """" 4 : 00 - 4 : 30 paula kempchinsky , university of iowa : """" on the nature of condition b """" 4 : 30 - 5 : 00 karen zagona , university of washington : """" some effects of np - movement on aspectual construal """" 5 : 00 - 5 : 30 coffee break 5 : 30 - 6 : 00 james harris , mit : """" the legend of nasal depalatalization """" 6 : 00 - 6 : 30 heles contreras , university of washington : """" the range of syntactic parametrization """" 7 : 30 - 9 : 30 dinner at the faucett center 's alumni lounge saturday , october 10 session b ( rooms 8 - 9 ) : 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 robert m . hammond , purdue university : """" the non-occurrence of the phone [ rr ] in the spanish sound system """" 9 : 30-10 : 00 holly j . nibert , pennsylvania state university : """" a production / perception study of the phrase accent in spanish intonation """" 10 : 00-10 : 30 coffee break 10 : 30-11 : 00 carlos e . pineros , central michigan university : """" head - dependence in _ jerigonza _ , a spanish language game """" 11 : 00-11 : 30 eric holt , university of south carolina : """" the moraic status of consonants from latin to hispano - romance : the case of obstruents """" 11 : 30-12 : 00 john m . lipski , university of new mexico : """" the many faces of spanish / s / - weakening : ( re ) alignment and ambisyllabicity """" 12 : 00 - 1 : 30 lunch break 1 : 30 - 2 : 00 jose i . hualde , university of illinois , urbana : """" patterns in the lexicon : hiatus with unstressed high vowels in spanish """" 2 : 00 - 2 : 00 ellen m . kaisse , university of washington : """" the syllabic position of glides in spanish : insights from pasiego vowel harmony """" 2 : 30 - 3 : 00 sonia colina , arizona state university : """" re - examining spanish glides : the hiatus / diphthong alternation and analogically conditioned variation in vocoid sequences """" 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 coffee break 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 mario saltarelli , university of southern california : ( tba ) 4 : 00 - 4 : 30 alfonso morales - front , georgetown university : """" the role of templates in the acquisition of phonology """" 4 : 30 - 5 : 00 regina morin , the college of new jersey : """" spanish substantives : how many classes ? """" 5 : 00 - 5 : 30 coffee break sunday , october 11 ( parallel sessions ) session a ( rooms 6 - 7 ) : 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 rafael nunez - cedeno , university of illinois , chicago : """" on interpreting generic ( pro ) nouns in spanish """" 9 : 30-10 : 00 scott schwenter , ball state university : """" two types of scalar particles : evidence from spanish """" 10 : 00-10 : 30 sarah harmon and almerindo ojeda , university of california , davis : """" mass - neuter in _ obra de agricultura _ """" 10 : 30-11 : 00 coffee break 11 : 00-11 : 30 cristina schmitt , michigan state university / zas - berlin : """" _ todo _ and _ every _ : semantic similarities , syntactic differences """" 11 : 30-12 : 00 elena herburger , georgetown university : """" interpreting negative concord """" 12 : 00-12 : 30 errapel mejias - vicandi , university of nebraska : """" prenominal adjectives andwh - extraction """" sunday , october 11 session b ( rooms 8 - 9 ) : 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 jose del valle , miami university / university of virginia : """" language policy and linguistic culture in galicia """" 9 : 30-10 : 00 frank nuessel , university of louisville : """" linguistic theory and discourse in _ don quijote _ """" 10 : 00-10 : 30 ray harris - northall , university of wisconsin - madison : """" official use of the vernacular in the 13th century : medieval spanish language policy ? """" 10 : 30-11 : 00 coffee break 11 : 00-11 : 30 thomas walsh , georgetown university : """" the etymology of spanish _ atinar _ 11 : 30-12 : 00 joel rini , university of virginia : """" the directionality of leveling in the old spanish verbal paradigm distillable from resistance to language shift : the case of spanish _ dormir _ , _ morir _ ( and _ podrir _ ) """" 12 : 00-12 : 30 steven n . dworkin , university of michigan : """" syntax and lexical loss : the fate of old spanish in spanish _ y _ and _ ende _ """" organizing committee : fernando martinez - gil and javier gutierrez - rexach ( dept . of spanish and portuguese , the ohio state university ) symposium coordinator : fernando martinez - gil registration : free for students ; $ 20 . 00 for others before september 20th , 1998 . after september 20th and onsite registration will be $ 30 . 00 . for further information , including registration form and hotel reservations , please contact : fernando martinez - gil , second hispanic linguistics symposium coordinator , dept . of spanish and portuguese , the ohio state university , 266 cunz hall , 1841 millikin rd . , columbus , oh 43210-1229 tel . ( 614 ) 292-1981 / fax ( 614 ) 292-7726 e - mail : martinez-gil . 1 @ osu . edu fernando martinez - gil , dept . of spanish and portuguese the ohio state university martinez-gil . 1 @ osu . edu
 "",0
 1917,""Subject: new books on pragmatics
  
  john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new title in the field of pragmatics : function and structure in honor of susumo kuno akio kamio & ken - ichi takami ( eds . ) this collection of papers on functional syntax shows the development of a specific stream of functional linguistics initiated by susumu kuno of harvard university . inspired by prague school linguists such as jan firbas and vilem mathesius , kuno developed a more comprehensive and theory-oriented approach and lined it with the american formalist approach of generative grammar . his approach is thus a unique combination of functionalism and formalism that constantly urges the promotions of interactions between these two major trends in linguistics . the papers in this collection coherently deal with functional aspects of linguistics from a wide variety of perspectives such as theoretical , applicational , experimental and diachronic aspects incorporating the functional concept advocated by kuno . < br > contributions by : noriko akatsuka ; jacqueline guillemin - flescher ; akio kamio and margaret thomas ; becky kennedy ; kiri lee ; use men et . al . ; ken - ichi takami ; etsuko tomoda ; aiko utsugi ; gregory ward ; john whitman . 1998 . ca 360 pp . pragmatics and beyond new series 59 . us / canada : hb : 1 55619 822 1 price : usd 89 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 5073 1 price : nlg 178 , bernadette martinez - keck publicity / marketing tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com john benjamins north america po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com /
 "",0
 1918,""Subject: new books on human cognitive processing
  
  john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new title in the field of human cognitive processing : the contemporary theory of metaphor a perspective from chinese < br > ning yu the primary objective of this book is to contribute to the contemporary theory of metaphor from the viewpoint of chinese so as to help place the theory into a wider cross-linguistic and cross-cultural perspective . aiming at this primary objective , it explores two major questions faced by the contemporary theory : ( 1 ) if abstract reasoning is at least partially metaphorical in nature ; and ( 2 ) what conceptual metaphors are universal , widespread , or culture-specific . it focuses on ( 1 ) metaphors of emotions , ( 2 ) the time as space metaphor , and ( 3 ) the event structure metaphor . it studies how chinese is similar to and different from english with regard to these metaphor systems and image schemas involved , and what reasons ( cognitive or cultural ) can account for the similarities and differences between these two languages . in general , the empirical studies presented in this book reinforce the view that metaphor is the main mechanism through which abstract concepts are comprehended and abstract reasoning is performed . they also support , from the perspective of chinese , the candidacy of some conceptual metaphors for metaphorical universals . these include , for instance , the anger is heat metaphor , the happy is up metaphor , the time as space metaphor and the event structure metaphor . it seems that these conceptual metaphors are grounded in some basic human experiences that may be universal to all human beings . 1998 ca 300pp . human cognitive processing , 1 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 201 0 price : usd 59 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 2353 x price : nlg 118 bernadette martinez - keck publicity / marketing tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com john benjamins north america po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com /
 "",0
 1919,""Subject: 5th intl conf on asian / african langs
  
  the 5th international conference on the languages of far east , southeast asia and west africa first circular the university of st . petersburg and the institute for asian and african studies ( moscow state university ) are pleased to announce that the 5th international conference * the languages of far east , southeast asia and west africa * will be held in st . petersburg on september 7-11 , 1999 . the conference site is the university of st . petersburg , dept of oriental studies ( 11 , universitetskaja nab . , 199034 , st . petersburg , russia ) . building on the success of its predecessors ( moscow 1991 , 1993 , 1995 , 1997 ) , this conference aims to encourage a spirit of dialogue between students of far east / southeast asia and of west africa . the conference offers a unique opportunity for its participants to exchange views on the languages whose structures share so many features , despite the genetic or areal unrelatedness . special session a special session will be held , devoted to theoretical frameworks for the analysis of isolating languages . it has been revealed more than once in the course of discussions at previous leseawa conferences that we badly need a common metalanguage in terms of which a coherent analyses of the languages of fe , sea , and wa would be most efficient . we are certainly far from an intention to develop an esoteric metalanguage . on the contrary , our ultimate goal is to eventually enrich the common stock of theoretical notions , where analyses of both """" more traditional """" and """" less traditional """" languages would be fully commensurable . most of currently used linguistic models are not properly equipped to give a student of fe , sea , and wa languages reliable analytic tools , even where such fundamental linguistic objects as the phoneme , parts of speech , clause , etc . are concerned . invited speakers are to be announced . working languages will be english and russian . applications and abstracts ( ca . 100 words ) should be submitted to : prof . dr . rudolph yanson , chair , dept of china , sea , and korea , univ . of st . petersburg < yanson @ ry1703 . spb . edu > , fax ( 812 ) 3287861 , phone ( 812 ) 3213767 ( home ) all submissions are subject to refereeing by the program committee . e - mail submissions are strongly encouraged . deadline for response to the 1st circular is march 10 , 1999 . notifications of acceptance will be mailed out before may 1999 . registration fee is usd 60 . the registration fee includes the volume of conference proceedings , coffee-breakes , lunch ( please specify if you require a vegetarian or vegan option ) , cultural program , etc . organizing committee : rudolph yanson ( chair ) marc kaploun ( vice-chair ) fax ( 095 ) 203-3647 alexandre storozhuk ( secretary ) angelina gerasimova aleksey vasiljev program committee : vadim kassevitch ( chair ) < kasevich @ vbk . usr . pu . ru > artemy karapetianz ( vice-chair ) victor vinogradov ( vice-chair ) mikhail rumjantsev rudolf yanson andrey zhukov nikolay dobronravin alexandre ogloblin sergey yakhontov - - prof . dr . vadim b . kassevitch ( univ . of st . petersburg ) p . o . box 14 , st . petersburg , 191025 , russia phone ( 7-812 ) 314-6123 ( home ) , fax ( 7-812 ) 2181346 ( office ) < kasevich @ vbk . usr . pu . ru >
 "",0
 1920,""Subject: glow ' 99
  
  call for papers : glow 1999 the glow 99 colloquium will be organized by the research center for general linguistics ( zas ) in berlin from 29th to 31st march 1999 . the conference will then continue in potsdam on 1st april with parallel workshops organized by the potsdam university and lot ( netherlands graduate school of linguistics ) . themes of the conference main colloquium : universals workshops : phonetics in phonology sources for universals technical aspects of movement calls : the colloquium : universals the search for universals has always been at the center of interest in generative linguistics . fundamental claims about universal properties of language are what we build into the very architecture of the theory of ug : primitives ( features etc . ) , combinatorial operations ( merge ) , the operation ' move ' , interfaces with extralinguistic systems ( lf , pf ) , etc . alongside such formal universals , we also seek substantive universals in inventories , markedness patterns , feature hierarchies etc . such facts may reflect properties of ug itself or derive from extralinguistic sources . recent growth in crosslinguistic study opens new opportunities for extending the empirical base , confirming or challenging old generalizations and establishing new ones . at the same time , recent theoretical developments in both phonology and syntax lead to important questions concerning the formal and / or substantive nature of universals in language , and the quest for the exact sources of variation between languages . in phonology , universals have typically been assumed to exist in many different subcomponents , e . g . features , prosodic constituents . only in recent years , with the emergence of output-based evaluation systems , has the focus of interest in universals shifted to the study of constraints and their interaction . hence new questions arise : are all constraints universal in the sense that they are constitutive of grammar ? should we conceive of constraints as being exhaustive and ordered ? are there universals that constraint orderings have to obey ? are there different domains ( i . e . lexical and postlexical level ) where constraints apply ? are there language-specific constraints ? syntactic theory in the early 80 's assumed principles common to all languages to interact with various types of ' macro-parameters ' : one deep property from which several other properties derive ( e . g . pro-drop parameter ) . later , variation was attributed to ' micro-parameters ' . now , with the emergence of minimalism and optimality , basic issues like what constitutes a universal principle / constraint , and what constitutes a parameter , need to be re-addressed . is there a universal inventory of functional heads / features ? as to the autonomy of , or the division of labour between syntax and morphology : is parametrized variation confined to inflectional systems ? is syntactic variation restricted to the choice of overt or zero realization of a given feature ? if all movement takes place in a single cycle , does variation reduce to the presence of affixes or the lack thereof ? are there universal constraints in morpho-syntax ? moreover , in recent years it has been argued that thematic relations are features . what are their characteristics ? do these have a universal inventory ? could they be parametrized ? many typological-descriptive generalizations await theoretical integration - e . g . greenbergian ' universals ' of word order patterns , cross-categorial harmony effects , etc . in this respect , kayne 's proposal for a universal ordering merely shifts the burden from phrase structure to movement . a guiding heuristic of generative grammar has been that parsimonious ( redundancy-free ) theories are to be preferred ; but minimalism goes further in suggesting that economy is built into ug itself . to what extent can the hypothesis that ug principles instantiate notions of economy be upheld ? in studying ug , we take the external systems with which it interfaces to be invariant in linguistically significant senses across individuals and languages . thus we posit universal interpretation mechanisms ( and uniformity across languages at lf ) , ' universal phonetics ' ( invariant articulatory / perceptual mechanisms ) , a universal parser , etc . ; so that variation is confined to grammars , in particular phonology / morphology and&nbsp ; aspects of the lexicon . yet properties of external systems may have far-reaching consequences for our view of ug . as we learn more about them , universals attributed to ug may have to be reassigned . what if ug - compatible grammars determine languages that cannot exist because they are unuseable ( unparseable ; unlearnable ; etc ) ? are there universal patterns in the acquisition process , in parsing strategies , etc . , that can be brought to bear ? the colloquium will consist of 20 talks of 45 minutes each plus discussion . abstracts may not exceed 2 pages with at least a 1 inch margin on all four sides and should employ a font not smaller than 12 pt . they should be sent anonymously in tenfold , accompanied by a camera-ready original with the author 's name , address and affiliation to : glow selection committee c / o artemis alexiadou zentrum fr allgemeine sprachwissenschaft , typologie und universalienforschung jgerstr . 10 / 11 , 10117 berlin germany phone : + 49-30 - 20192404 / 1 fax : + 49-30 - 20192402 e-mail : glow99 @ zas . gwz-berlin . de url : http : / / www . zas . gwz-berlin . de / events / glow / index . htm the workshops 1 . sources for universals recent developments in syntax and phonology such as the minimalist program or optimality theory have led to new insights into the structure of the human linguistic capacity . in the context of such theoretical developments , the conviction has grown that recourse to innate properties of language cannot be the only explanation for the existence of certain generalizations of formal linguistic structure . the idea of the workshop """" sources for universals """" is to bring together researchers from various fields inside and outside of syntax and phonology in order to identify possible sources for formal universals of natural language . such possible sources could come from the following domains , semantic universals consideration of processing difficulty considerations of laws of historical development for languages considersations of constraints on language acquisition biological constraints in the sense of a """" universal grammar """" constraints inherent in the computational mechanisms serving language , this list is not meant to be exhaustive . contributions which link formal universals as discussed in recent grammatical models to any of such sources are particularly welcomed . 2 . technical aspects of movement filler - gap dependencies ( fgd ) belong to the most intriguing properties of natural language grammatical theories have to deal with . finding the right approach continues to be a matter of no little controversy . capturing the core properties of fgds , concepts of strictest c-command , which require fillers and their gaps to be immediately attached to the same projection line , arguably possess a high amount of naturalness or simplicity . this type of constraint is directly reflected by linear indexed grammars and has been implemented in the minimalist extension condition on structure building . ( attempts to derive the c-command relation from the minimalist operation merge take this strategy even further . ) yet , head-movement configurations , analyzed as adjunction in the principles and parameters variant of generative grammar , seem to require weaker versions of c-command , such that the adjoined head ' inherits ' the c-command domain of the head adjoined to . it is an open question , whether there are alternatives that do not - one way or the other - employ similar auxiliary devices . as is well known , fgd - patterns ( nested / crossed ) have consequences for the generative power of the grammars describing them . it is not properly understood , however , which devices of which systems capture less orderly patterns best . systems using slash-categories or similar techniques seem to run into considerable difficulty here . feature - lists integrated into a checking theory of movement may be considered one of various alternatives . most recently , the minimalist adoption of the """" copy theory of movement """" opened up another array of related issues . how , for example , do checking resources get eliminated if each step leading to elimination is preceded by a step of copying these resources ? are copies of np / wh - moved constituents assumed to retain properties of empty anaphors and syntactic variables respectively , or has any reference to empty categories ( e . g . ecp ) and their potential link to binding theory become undefined ? if the latter , could this change be motivated by complexity results concerning the powerful device of free indexation , as employed by gb binding theory ? indeed , a general ban on the use of indices has been accompanying the """" copy theory of movement """" . this calls for a demonstration how chains , the standard """" legitimate lf - objects """" , which in alternative versions of syntax are supposed to fully supplant movement , get handled without such devices . primary properties to be defined on chains of copies , for example , would be pf - realizability as well as the distinction between operator , variable , and descriptive content status at lf ( nontrivial consequences for the analyses of qr and acd being directly implied ) . alternatively , it would be helpful to be able to appreciate how far any worked-out proposals deviate from structure-sharing techniques as used in hpsg / lfg ( a . o . ) , index percolation devices from variants of indexed grammar , and other structure generating systems like tree adjoining grammar or categorial grammar . this workshop invites submissions of papers shedding light on the above questions from both technical / formal and linguistic angles . abstracts for both workshops are invited for 45 minute presentations ( plus 15 minutes dicussion ) . they should not exceed one page / 500 words . please send five anonymous copies plus a camera ready original ( with author 's name , address , and affiliation ) to the address specified below . speakers will be partially reimbursed for their expenses on the scale that applies to the colloquium . glow workshops c / o matthias schlesewsky institut fuer linguistik universitt potsdam postfach 60 15 53 d 14415 potsdam germany phone : x49 - 331-977 - 2016 fax : x49 - 331-977 - 2761 e-mail : glow _ workshop @ ling . uni-potsdam . de url : http : / / www . ling . uni-potsdam . de / ik / glow . html 3 . phonetics in phonology invited speakers : edward flemming , donca steriade organizers : carlos gussenhoven , ren kager the workshop is broadly concerned with the relevance of articulatory and perceptual facts for phonological theory . more specifically , it intends to focus on such questions as the extent to which functional factors determine phonological grammars , the status of the distinction between phonological representation and phonetic implementation , the issue of multiple ( articulation-based as well as perception-based ) phonological representations , and the universality and ` groundedness ' of phonological constraints . the workshop will consist of approximately 7 talks of 45 minutes each , followed by 15 minutes of discussion . abstracts may not exceed one page with at least a 1 inch margin on all four sides and should employ a font no smaller than 12 pt . they should be sent anonymously in threefold , accompanied by a camera-ready original with the author 's name , address and affiliation , to glow phonology workshop c / o . ren kager utrecht institute of linguistics / ots trans 10 3512 jk utrecht netherlands phone : + 31-30 - 2538064 fax : + 31-30 - 2536000 deadline for submission of abstracts : december 1 , 1998 submission by fax or e-mail will not be accepted .
 "",0
 1921,""Subject: aspects of bilingualism in the ancient world
  
  aspects of bilingualism in the ancient world the university of reading , 2 - 4 april 1998 an international conference on bilingualism organised by prof . j . n . adams ( reading ) , prof . m . e . p . janse ( gent ) and dr s . c . r . swain ( warwick ) will be held at the university of reading from 2 - 4 april 1998 . sixteen invited speakers from britain and abroad will give papers . no attempt will be made to achieve a comprehensive coverage of language contact in the ancient mediterranean world , but the focus will instead be on greek and latin in contact both with each other and with other languages . it is intended that some papers should be linguistic in orientation ( i . e . that they should take account of recent research by linguists on bilingualism in modern societies , relating the findings if possible to issues of ancient bilingualism ) , but it is also obvious that historians and literary scholars commonly address problems related to language contact . we hope that the programme of papers will offer a combination of sociolinguistic , literary , cultural and historical approaches to the subject . conference program thursday , april 2 12 . 00 - 2 . 00 registration 2 . 00 - 2 . 05 welcome 2 . 05 - 2 . 50 d . r . langslow approaching bilingualism in corpus languages 2 . 50 - 3 . 35 s . c . r . swain bilingualism and biculturalism in cicero 3 . 35 - 3 . 50 discussion 3 . 50 - 4 . 15 tea 4 . 15 - 5 . 00 cl . brixhe echanges greco-phrygiens 5 . 00 - 5 . 45 i . rutherford patterns of interference in lycian - greek texts : word order , filiation , formulas and other stuctures 5 . 45 - 6 . 00 discussion 6 . 15 - 7 . 00 z . rubin res gestae divi saporis : greek and middle iranian in a document of sassanian , anti - roman propaganga 7 . 30 reception ( ure museum of archaeology ) * * * * * * * * * * * * friday , april 3 9 . 00 - 9 . 45 j . n . adams bilingualism at delos 9 . 45-10 . 30 k . versteegh dead or alive : the status of the standard language 10 . 30-10 . 45 discussion 10 . 45-11 . 10 coffee 11 . 10-11 . 55 h . cotton hebrew , aramaic and greek in the documents from the judean desert : languages , law and society 11 . 55-12 . 40 m . janse contact - induced change : two case studies from the history of greek 12 . 40-12 . 55 discussion 1 . 00 - 2 . 15 lunch 2 . 15 - 3 . 00 f . biville greco - romains et greco-latin 3 . 00 - 3 . 45 m . leiwo from contact to mixture : bilingual inscriptions from italy 3 . 45 - 4 . 00 discussion 4 . 00 - 4 . 25 tea 4 . 25 - 5 . 10 d . g . k . taylor bilingualism and diglossia in late antique syria and mesopotamia 5 . 10 - 5 . 55 p . flobert a case of bilingualism in gaul : romani and franci in the vith century 5 . 55 - 6 . 30 discussion 7 . 30 - 9 . 30 conference dinner * * * * * * * * * * * * saturday , april 4 9 . 00 - 9 . 45 j . kramer greek papyri from egypt and the history of the latin language 9 . 45-10 . 30 p . glare from text to speech : arguing the case for bilingualism in roman egypt 10 . 30-10 . 45 discussion 10 . 45-11 . 10 coffee 11 . 10-11 . 55 h . von staden ( title awaited ) 11 . 55-12 . 40 b . frischer word - order transference between latin and greek : the relative position of the accusative direct object and the governing verb in cassius dio and other greek and roman prose authors 12 . 40 - 1 . 00 discussion location : the conference will be held in the faculty of letters and social sciences at the university of reading . accommodation : delegates will be put up in a modern university hall of residence . all rooms have handbasins , and there are some rooms with en-suite facilities . please let us know if you require a room on the ground floor . it is not possible to provide double rooms . meals : breakfast is included in the price of accommodation and coffee , lunch and tea are included in the conference fee . on the first night there will a reception in the ure museum of greek archaeology hosted by the department of classics . on the second night a conference dinner will be held in the orange room , university of reading . the price of this will be gbp 325 to include wine . travel : reading is easily reached by road and train . train : reading is on the london to bristol line and there are frequent trains from paddington . reading is also easily accessible by train from oxford and the north . for those travelling by eurostar , there is a direct train service from waterloo to reading . road : reading is some forty miles from london and can be reached via the m4 motorway , junction 11 . air : there is a direct bus link between heathrow and reading . a regular train service runs between gatwick and reading . general : throughout the conference a conference office will be manned and delegates can be contacted by the following means : telephone : 0118 9 31820 fax : 0118 9 316661 e-mail : s . r . d . wallis @ reading . ac . uk if you have any queries concerning the organisation of the conference or booking in the first instance please contact the conference secretary , s . r . d . wallis on the above numbers . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - booking form i wish to attend the conference on bilingualism : name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . title : . . . . . . . . . . . address : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . postcode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telephone : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fax : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e-mail : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . conference fee ( includes coffee , lunch and tea ) : full fee for three days gbp 40 ( gbp 20 for postgraduates ) : gbp . . . . . . . . or gbp 15 ( gbp 7 . 50 for postgraduates ) per day : thursday gbp . . . . . . . . friday gbp . . . . . . . . saturday gbp . . . . . . . . total ( a ) gbp . . . . . . . . 2 . accommodation : accommodation is available either in rooms with en-suite bathrooms ( subject to availability ) at gbp 32 per night , or in basic rooms with handbasins and shared bathrooms at gbp 20 per night . i require the following accommodation : . . . . . nights ' accommodation in an en-suite room / basic room at gbp 32 / 20 per night total ( b ) gbp . . . . . . . . 3 . meals : lunch will be provided each day ( thursday , friday and saturday ) as part of the conference fee . on the first night there will be a reception in the ure museum of greek archaeology hosted by the department of classics . on the second night there will be a conference dinner held in the orange room , university of reading . i wish to attend the reception on thursday ( free ) . . . . . . i wish to attend the conference dinner on friday ( gbp 25 ) gbp . . . . . i am / am not vegetarian . special dietary requirements : total ( c ) gbp . . . . . . summary : a . conference fee gbp . . . . . . . . . + b . accommodation gbp . . . . . . . + c . meals gbp . . . . . . . . . = grand total gbp . . . . . . . please make cheques payable to the university of reading and send to s . r . d . wallis , conference secretary , department of classics , university of reading , folss , reading , rg6 6aa .
 "",0
 1922,""Subject: new reference title
  
  john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following reference title : english prepositions explained seth lindstromberg ( hilderstone college , uk ) 1997 . ca . 330 pp us / canada : hb : 1 55619 525 7 price : usd 75 . 00 pb : 1 55619 526 5 price : usd 29 . 95 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 2171 5 price : nlg 150 , pb : 90 272 2172 3 price : nlg 60 english prepositions explained has been written both for non-native and native speakers of english and is intended for : teachers of english ; translators ; materials writers ; advanced students of english ; frequent users of english generally . english prepositions explained furnishes information about english prepositions that is available in no other book currently in print . epe both complements and is complemented by the bbi dictionary of english word combinations , which lists common collocations ( including prepositional collocations ) in a fashion that makes them readily locatable . like a grammar handbook , epe describes how prepositions and directional adverbs are used . its main work , however , consists in providing answers to the following questions : what meanings does each preposition have ? ; how are a preposition 's different meanings related ? ; which meaning ( s ) underlie this or that usage ? ; which usages are true idioms and which express systematic meaning ? ; what are the major semantic families of preposition ? ; where are the boundaries in meaning between the prepositions within each family ? ; when various prepositions are usable in the same context , what different meaning or nuance does each contribute and why ? ; what is the role of metaphor in the english system of prepositions ? ; what is a phrasal verb and to what extent do they reflect systematic meanings ? explanations are liberally supported with iconic / pictorial illustrations and examples of usage . it is this explanatory , rather than merely descriptive , approach which makes epe a unique resource for creative writing . covering more than seventy , mostly spatial and temporal , prepositions , it presents a picture of remarkable systematicity . among epe 's twenty-three chapters are : an overview of the grammar and semantics of prepositions ( of place , path and time ) and of directional adverbs ; nineteen chapters on families of prepositions ; a chapter on phrasal verbs ; a summary of key abstract notions expressed by prepositions . epe is fully indexed and includes a glossary of terms and an annotated bibliography . bernadette martinez - keck publicity / marketing tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com john benjamins north america po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com /
 "",0
 1923,""Subject: books on translation
  
  john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new titles in the field of translation : the translator ' s dialogue giovanni pontiero pilar orero & juan c . sager ( eds . ) universidad autonoma , barcelone / umist , manchester 1997 . xiv , 252 pp . benjamins translation library , 24 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 708 - x price : usd 67 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 1627 4 price : nlg 134 , - - the translator 's dialogue : giovanni pontiero is a tribute to an outstanding translator of literary works from portuguese , lusobrasilian , italian and spanish into english . the translator introduced authors such as carlos drummond de andrade , manuel bandeira , clarice lispector and jose saramago to the english reading world . pontiero 's essays shed light on the process of literary translation and its impact on cultural perception . this process is exemplified by pontiero the translator and analyst , some of the authors he collaborated with , publishers ' editors and literary critics and , finally , by an unpublished translation of a short story by jose saramago , coisas . contributions by : p . bins ; p . bush ; m . jull costa ; a . g . kinder ; l . luft ; r . marsack ; a . miranda ; m . martinez ; p . orero ; h . owen ; m . sahine ; j . ; saramago ; j . c . sager ; c . waldman ; r . winder ; and r . zenith . translation and interpreting schools compiled by brian harris ( university of ottawa ) 1997 . xii , 238 pp . language intl . world directory 2 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 741 1 price : usd 95 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 1952 4 price : nlg 190 , - - this international directory of translator and interpreter training facilities in higher education includes details on 243 courses around the world . listing full addresses , names of teachers , languages taught , methods of teaching , degree , tuition fees , year it was founded , and other activities . the directory provides pertinent information for students seeking the appropriate training and for translation and interpreting schools to compare themselves with others and to network with related schools . this is the first list showing the vast number of professional and academic training facilities in a booming industry . bernadette martinez - keck publicity / marketing tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com john benjamins north america po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com /
 "",0
 1924,""Subject: new and recent titles in general linguistics
  
  general linguistics sahibs , nabobs , and boxwallahs : a dictionary of the words of anglo - india ivor lewis """" gives an intriguing view of just how far one language and culture so different from english has been so extensively integrated into everyday english , enriching it with a tremendous diversity . . . . specialized , but a delightful work . """" - - choice ( oxford india paperbacks ) this new dictionary not only presents the known vocabulary of anglo - india , but also provides the sources , etymologies , and usages of the words of the past 350 years . with an extensive historical introduction and register of references , this complete source offers a lively and scholarly history of previous lexicographical work in this area as well as a socio-linguistic analysis of the growth of anglo - indian words and their use in the literature of india . 1992 ( paper may 1998 ) 280 pp . 0-19 - 564223 - 6 paper $ 15 . 95 oxford university press an introduction to historical linguistics third edition terry crowley , university of waikato , new zealand all languages change , just as other aspects of human society are constantly changing . this book is an introduction to the concepts and techniques of diachronic linguistics - - the study of language change over time . it covers all the major areas of historical linguistics , presenting concepts in a clear and concise way . while examples are given from a wide range of languages , most major concepts and techniques are illustrated by material drawn from the languages of australia and the pacific . the needs of undergraduate students of linguistics have been kept firmly in mind , but the book will also be of interest to the general reader seeking to understand language and language change . this third edition includes a number of rewritten and supplemented sections and new material on grammaticalization , ergativity and accusativity , language diversification , palaeolinguistics , and morphological evolution . may 1998 344 pp . ; 10 maps 0-19 - 558378 - 7 paper $ 19 . 95 oxford university press projects in linguistics : a practical guide to researching language alison wray , university of wales , swansea , kate trott , and aileen bloomer , both at university college of ripon and york st john with shirley reay and chris butler ( an arnold publication ) this is an invaluable companion for students undertaking a piece of independent research for the first time . it introduces the most commonly used tools and techniques of research and offers practical advice on how to choose a research topic , how to collect data , how to analyze it , and how to write up the results . the authors incorporate over 250 project ideas and cover plagiarism , referencing , the use of corpora , phonetic and orthographic transcription , and writing good english . june 1998 320 pp . ; 27 linecuts 0-340 - 65210 - 1 paper $ 18 . 95 0-340 - 70002 - 5 cloth $ 60 . 00 oxford university press encyclopedia of semiotics paul bouissac ( u . of toronto ) , ed a comprehensive , interdisciplinary critical survey of current scholarship in semiotics - - key concepts , terms , theories , theorists , controversies , and debates , with applications of semiotic analyses to a wide range of social and cultural phenomena . 400 + original entries from philosophers , linguists , and other scholars . bibliographies , index 0-19 - 512090 - 6 ; 700 pages ; $ 125 . 00 ; oxford university press . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
 "",0
 1925,""Subject: new and recent titles in syntax & morphology
  
  sentential negation in french paul rowlett , university of salford this is the first full-length study of sentential negation phenomena in french . paul rowlett assesses , from a generative perspective , the respective contribution made to the expression of clausal polarity by ne , pas , and elements such as jamais and personne . his conclusions have far-reaching implications , leading to the controversial hypothesis that , despite widespread belief , french is not a negative concord language . september 1998 256 pp . 0-19 - 512591 - 6 paper $ 29 . 95 0-19 - 511924 - x cloth $ 75 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
 "",0
 1926,""Subject: theoretical & descriptive linguistics
  
  studies in south asian linguistics : sinhala and other south asian languages james w . gair , cornell university selected and edited by barbara c . lust this volume collects twenty-nine published and unpublished papers by the linguist james gair , considered the foremost western scholar of the sri lankan languages sinhala and jaffna tamil . ranging over thirty years , his work also considers issues in a variety of indian languages , including hindi , marathi , tamil , malayalam , and bengali . the collection reflects the wide range of gair 's interests , from morpho-syntactic questions to questions regarding historical and areal linguistics , especially language contact and diglossia , and extending to language acquisition . by collecting these papers and making them newly accessible , this volume will provide an important resource not only for scholars of these languages but for linguists interested in the theoretical issues gair explores . april 1998 392 pp . ; 9 linecuts 0-19 - 509521 - 9 $ 75 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or
 "",0
 1927,""Subject: sociolinguistics & anthropological linguistics
  
  the english language in pakistan edited by robert j . baumgardner in its present context of use , english in pakistan has assimilated diverse linguistic features which reflect the multilingual , multicultural character of the language 's """" new """" south asian home . the present volume brings together for the first time essays on historical , sociological , pedagogical , and linguistic perspectives of the pakistani the english language in pakistan . september 1998 344 pp . ; 37 halftones and linecuts 0-19 - 577444 - 2 $ 29 . 95 oxford university press kids talk : strategic language use in later childhood edited by susan m . hoyle , national library of medicine , and carolyn temple adger , center for applied linguistics , washington dc ( oxford studies in sociolinguistics ) between early childhood and adulthood , language acquisition is succeeded by a bloom of repertoire for managing interaction , a growing sensitivity to the relation of language and society , an expanding ability to wield power through the strategic use of language , and an increasing sophistication in framing speech activities . this book examines a wide range of language practices among school-age children and teenagers , using data from naturally occurring recorded talk and from careful observation of interaction in peer groups . the contributors analyze talk at play , at school , and at work , documenting the growing communicative skills of young people while always focusing on what young speakers themselves do with ( and through ) language . theoretical constructs to which the contributors appeal include goffman 's notion of footing and hymes ' communicative competence , as well as multiple characterizations of discourse structure . the chapters show older children as strategic language users , dynamic actors who are often concerned with defining themselves as a distinctive group , different from adults , yet who just as often display proficiency at sophisticated discourse activities that presage those of adulthood . september 1998 312 pp . ; 10 halftones , 6 linecuts 0-19 - 509893 - 5 paper $ 35 . 00 0-19 - 509892 - 7 cloth $ 75 . 00 oxforduniversity press ideology in the language of judges : how judges practice law , politics , and courtroom control susan u . philips , university of arizona ( oxford studies in anthropological linguistics 17 ) """" a masterful achievement . . . . [ this ] will quickly become a major text in the literatures both on ideology in discourse and on legal discourse . """" - - deborah tannen , georgetown university a study that will appeal to any reader interested in the relationship between our language and our laws , ideology in the language of judges focuses on the way judges take guilty pleas from criminal defendants and on the judges ' views of their own courtroom behavior . this book argues that variation in the discourse structure of the guilty pleas can best be understood as enactments of the judges ' differing interpretations of due process law and the proper role of the judge in the courtroom . susan philips demonstrates how legal and professional ideologies are expressed differently in interviews and socially occurring speech , and reveals how bounded written and spoken genres of legal discourse play a role in containing and ordering ideological diversity in language use . she also shows how the ideological struggles in a given courtroom are central yet largely hidden or denied . such findings will contribute significantly to the study of how speakers create realities through their use of language . april 1998 224 pp . 0-19 - 511341 - 1 paper $ 29 . 95 0-19 - 511340 - 3 cloth $ 59 . 00 oxford university press on reconstructing grammar : comparative cariban morphosyntax spike gildea , rice university ( oxford studies in anthropological linguistics 18 ) this book has two important aims . the first is to argue that grammaticalization theory has advanced to the point where it can be used with the comparative method to reconstruct the grammar of proto - languages . the second is to give a detailed case-study of this methodology by examining the typologically interesting cariban language family of south america - - a language group that has , according to most linguists , an impossible ( that is , far too technical ) syntactic structure . spike gildea 's findings answer long-standing questions about the historical reconstruction of grammar and will interest linguists concerned with south american languages and with grammaticalization , as well as those working in the descriptive or functional traditions . september 1998 304 pp . ; 15 linecuts 0-19 - 510952 - x $ 85 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
 "",0
 1928,""Subject: psycholinguistics & neurolinguistics
  
  linguistic structure and change : an explanation from language processing thomas berg , university of hamburg thomas berg analyzes language as a psychological phenomenon in order to reach a clearer understanding of why the structure of language is the way it is and how it changes . he claims that real explanations of the structure of language can only emerge by establishing connections between language and its context . the explanatory power of one of these contexts , the psychological one , is examined in detail . june 1998 352 pp . ; 4 linecuts 0-19 - 823672 - 7 $ 95 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
 "",0
 1929,""Subject: the english language
  
  fixed expressions and idioms in english : a corpus - based approach rosamund moon , university of birmingham ( oxford studies in lexicography and lexicology ) this is a text-based study of fixed expressions , or idioms . moon 's central argument is that fixed expressions can only be fully understood if they are considered in the context of the texts in which they occur . she examines several thousand fixed expressions and how they are being used in current english . she argues that examination of the corpus raises questions about many received ideas on fixed expressions and idioms , and suggests that new , use-centered , models are required . june 1998 352 pp . ; 9 linecuts 0-19 - 823614 - x $ 85 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
 "",0
 1930,""Subject: available for review : phonology
  
  the three books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org note : please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not provide a link or url to an online cv or homepage - - these will be ignored . please also provide a surface address for us to send the book to . phonology : james m . scobbie ; autosegmental representation in a declarative constraint - based framework 0-8153 - 1949 - 0 , cloth ; 280 pages , $ 61 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics the book examines the formal characterization of multiple association from the perspective of a declarative constraint-based phonological framework . both the autosegmental and constraint-based aspects of the book are highly relevant to recent developments in phonological theory , predating the current interest in constraint interaction and optimization . inspired by the empirical and formal success of unification - based grammars , all phonological rules and representations are interpreted as hard constraints on well-formedness . in general then , constraints are simply conjoined , and faithfulness to the lexical entry is obligatory . alternations arise from underspecification . the multiple sequenced tiers of autosegmental phonology are shown to be redundant , and linear order is limited to the root tier . association is then defined as the inverse of dominance within the feature geometry , so multiple association is co-dominance of a feature by two roots . the no crossing constraint is not applicable since non-root features are not on sequenced tiers , and the sharing constraint is introduced instead as the key means of forcing locality on co-dominance : it bans co-dominance by non - adjacent roots . thus , because features and association lines are indestructible , the key autosegmental properties of integrity and inalterability are predicted to occur . long distance dependencies are then considered . from the perspective of structural integrity , discontinuous geminates in planar morphologies are more like fake geminates than true geminates , which is predicted by the sharing constraint . only a tiny amount of nontonal data can be presented in favor of non-local multiple association which feeds phonological rules : chaha displays non-local inalterability and javanese , the opposite ( side-effects ) . thus the balance of evidence is against a single mechanism uniting local and non-local multiple association . phonology daniel silverman ; phasing and recoverability ; 0-8153 - 2876 - 1 , cloth ; 256 pages , $ 56 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this phonological study investigates the articulatory timing ( """" phasing """" ) relationships that render acoustic cues optimally recoverable by the listener , and the strong tendency for languages to allow sub-optimal timing patterns only if they allow optimal ones . the primary area of focus is the otomanguean language group of oaxaca , mexico and neighboring states , which possesses """" laryngeally complex """" vowels , a typologically unusual pattern in which tone and non-modal phonatory settings ( breathiness , creakiness ) cross-classify . the laryngeally complex vowels of jalapa mazatec , comaltepec , chinantec , and copala trique are studied in depth . also explored are the phasing relations between obstruents and laryngeals , and sonorants and laryngeals , including phonological analyses from such diverse groups as mon - khmer , tibeto - burman , and nilotic , among others . throughout the investigation , findings from a number of relevant disciplines aerodynamics , acoustics , audition are applied to the sound patterns in an effort not only to describe them in phonetic detail , but also to explain their phonological and typological behavior . ( ph . d . dissertation , university of california - los angeles , 1995 ; revised with new bibliography and index ) phonology burquest , donald a . , author ; phonological analysis : a functional approach ; pb ; isbn : 1-55671 - 067 - 4 ; x + 314 pp . , 1998 , 2nd ed . , $ 29 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics . human language is a remarkable phenomenon . its study continues to be a source of fascination and delight . dr . donald burquest , professor of linguistics at the university of texas at arlington , developed this foundational textbook during years of helping students overcome the feelings of dismay that new phonology students experience when confronted by a mass of raw phonetic data . while working through the material , the student is led through the steps of organizing data and is introduced to particular theories for later in-depth specialization . the author expands on the previous edition of this text by adding introductions to autosegmental phonology and metrical phonology . he has also included a series of problems at the end of most chapters that provide an opportunity for the student to apply the information in that chapter . this textbook is intended for use in an upper division introductory course in phonology , preparing the student to further study aspects of current theory .
 "",0
 1931,""Subject: 2nd call , tls 1999
  
  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - second call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - announcing the 1999 conference of the texas linguistics society perspectives on argument structure to be held at the university of texas at austin , march 5 - 7 , 1999 . keynote speakers : beth levin ( northwestern university ) james pustejovsky ( brandeis university ) michael tanenhaus ( university of rochester ) deadline for receipt of abstracts : october 16 , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - abstracts are invited for 30 - minute talks ( with 10 additional minutes for discussion ) . issues of argument structure have proven to be of long-standing interest within diverse subfields of linguistics . the intent of this conference is to bring together researchers working on argument structure from different perspectives . in keeping with this idea , presentations that address argument structure from the perspective of formal syntax or semantics are encouraged , as well as those that take psycholinguistic , computational or other approaches . potential topics include , but are not limited to : * theories of linking ; relating argument structure to syntactic structure * accounts of case assigment * lexical conceptual semantics and argument structure * computational implementation & models of argument structure or linking * syntax / semantic interface and language acquisition * acquisition of argument structure * language processing of argument structure , subcategorization or lexical / conceptual structure abstracts must be no more than on 8 . 5 """" by 11 """" page , single spaced and in at least 12 - point type ( 10 - point for examples ) , with one-inch margin on all sides . one additional page with references , diagrams and data ( no text ) may be appended , if necessary . all submissions must include the following : * six anonymous copies of the abstract * one 3 """" x5 """" card with name , affiliation , address , phone number , e-mail and title of paper deadline for receipt of abstracts is october 16 , 1998 . send abstracts to : tls abstract committee calhoun 501 , b5100 the university of texas at austin austin , tx 78712 abstracts received after the deadline will not be considered . fax submissions will not be accepted . instructions for text-only e-mail submissions are available by request . an individual may submit at most one single and one co-authored paper . authors whose abstracts are accepted will be notified in mid - december , 1998 . presenters who wish to have their papers included in the conference proceedings must submit a camera ready copy by may 15 , 1999 . proceedings will be published by the texas linguistics forum . conference pre-registration is $ 15 . 00 ( us ) for students , $ 25 . 00 for non-students . for more information , e-mail tls @ uts . cc . utexas . edu or visit the conference website at http : / / uts . cc . utexas . edu / ~ tls /
 "",0
 1932,""Subject: 13th paclic
  
  the 13th pacific asia conference on language , information and computation february 10-12 , 1999 the grand hotel , taipei , taiwan , r . o . c . second call for papers the department of computer science and information engineering , national cheng kung university , is pleased to announce that the 13th pacific asia conference on language , information and computation ( paclic 13 ) will be held in the grand hotel , taipei , taiwan , r . o . c . , on february 10-12 , 1999 . scope : the conference is an annual meeting of scholars with a wide range of interest in theoretical and computational linguistics . papers are invited on substantial , original , and unpublished research on all aspects of theoretical and computational linguistics , including , but not limited to the following . 1 . syntax 2 . corpus linguistics 3 . phonology 4 . natural language processing 5 . pragmatics 6 . semantics 7 . computer applications 8 . discourse and dialogue analysis 9 . morphology 10 . formal grammar theory paper submission : four hard-copies of a preliminary version of a full paper ( maximum 25 letter - or a4 - sized pages , double spaced throughout ) should be sent to the following address . the first page of the submitted paper should bear the following information : the title of the paper , the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliations , mailing address , and email address for correspondence . chung - hsien wu department of computer science and information engineering , national cheng kung university tainan , taiwan , r . o . c . email : chwu @ server2 . iie . ncku . edu . tw fax : 886 - 6-2746867 important dates : preliminary paper submission due : october 10 , 1998 notification of acceptance : november 25 , 1998 camera - ready copy due : january 5 , 1999 conference chairs chairman jhing - fa wang national cheng kung university , taiwan email : wangjf @ server2 . iie . ncku . edu . tw co - chairmen kim teng lua national university of singapore benjamin k . t 's ou city university of hong kong young - hern lee korean society for language and information , korea akira ikeya tokyo gakuen university , japan lin - shan lee academia sinica , taiwan program chairs chairman chung - hsien wu national cheng kung university , taiwan co - chairman jen - tzung chien national cheng kung university , taiwan program committee ozeki kakazuhiko , japan matsumoto yuji , japan kawamori masahito , japan kanazawa makoto , japan igarashi yoshiyuki , japan suk - jin chang , korea jaewoong choe , korea chungmin lee , korea ik - hwan lee , korea byung - soo park , korea lai bong yeung tom , hong kong samuel w . k . chan , hong kong jin guo , singapore jie xu , singapore hai zhou li , singapore one - soon her , taiwan zhao - ming gao , taiwan hsue - hueh hsu , taiwan charces c . lee , taiwan chu - ren huang , taiwan http : / / www . csie . ncku . edu . tw / paclic13
 "",0
 1933,""Subject: table of contents glot international 3 - 5
  
  table of contents of glot international , vol . 3 , issue 5 editors : lisa l . s . cheng and rint sybesma < mail to : glot @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl > < http : / / www . hag . nl / glot . htm > interview with james mccawley : """" what 's right about x - bar syntax is the x and the bar . what 's wrong is everything else ! """" state - of-the - article : marc van oostendorp : """" schwa in phonological theory """" """" in general it seems that the requirements on schwa syllables are much stronger than those on syllables headed by other vowels . """" column : neil smith writes on """" acquired whining """" """" to return at the end to woody allen , it is clear that the quotation i started with was inspired by his admiration for chomsky . """" dissertations : """" the syntax of past participles . a generative study of nonfinite constructions in ancient and modern italian """" by verner egerland ( lund 1996 ) reviewed by yves d ' hulst """" direct object scrambling in dutch and italian child language """" by jeannette schaeffer ( ucla 1997 ) reviewed by astrid ferdinand books : """" base rules phonetically """" by joan mascar reviewing """" grounded phonology """" by diana archangeli and douglas pulleyblank ( mit press 1994 ) goodies : """" signal analysis and digital signals """" by stefan frisch reviewing """" winsal - v """" , by ingolf franke conference reports : glow special : reports glow hyderabad , india , january 20-23 ( by georges tsoulas ) glow tilburg , april 15-18 , including the workshops ( by ileana paul , marc van oostendorp , and jan - wouter zwart ) interview with henk van riemsdijk ( by lisa cheng and rint sybesma ) : """" we ' re a great field , but it is small and in considerable danger . """" console 6 , december 15-17 , university of lisbon ( by joo costa ) the number of death a linguistic mystery in eight installments by chris sidney tappan chapter 4 . towards some hypotheses rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
 "",0
 1934,""Subject: new book : atomism and binding
  
  atomism and binding edited by hans bennis , pierre pica and johan rooryck the state of the art in binding : everything on reference , coreference , nonreference and disjoint reference , and more on boundedness and freedom . the sixteen papers in this new volume provide a representative overview of the broad range of issues relevant to the study of binding phenomena in the generative framework . since the inception of the theoretical interest in co-referential relations in generative grammar , there has been a debate with respect to the question as to whether and how ( co ) - reference should be represented in the grammar . notions such as """" ( co ) - indexation """" , """" disjoint reference """" , """" free """" and """" bound """" play an important role in this discussion . their relevance is explicitly analyzed in many articles of this volume . the role of thematic information in binding theory constitutes another important line of inquiry elaborated on in this book . various contributors to this volume argue that thematic information largely influences binding phenomena , although the specific proposals expressing this relation differ quite substantially . another issue pursued here is related to the discussion whether binding theory is a component of sentence grammar . many papers address this issue quite explicitly and delineate the respective roles of sentence and discourse grammar in novel and intriguing ways . the volume contains the following contributions : stephen berman & arild hestvik : """" split antecedents , noncoreference and drt """" ; george aaron broadwell : """" binding theory and switch-reference """" ; hamida demirdache : """" condition c """" ; robert fiengo & robert may : """" the semantic significance of syntactic identity """" ; zygmunt frajzyngier : """" pronouns and agreement : systems interaction in the coding of reference """" ; robert freidin : """" binding theory on minimalist assumptions """" ; jeff gruber : """" a configurational approach to thematic binding """" ; james higginbotham : """" a plea for implicit anaphors """" ; hajime hoji : """" sloppy identity and principle b """" ; jan koster : """" anaphora and the uniformity of grammar """" ; howard lasnik : """" levels of representation and the elements of anaphora """" ; seth minkoff : """" on the syntax of local and logophoric control """" ; gertjan postma : """" logical entailment and the possessive nature of reflexive pronouns """" ; eric reuland & sigridur sigurjonsdottir : """" long distance ' binding ' in icelandic : syntax or discourse ? """" ; ken safir : """" symmetry and unity in the theory of anaphora """" ; christopher tancredi : """" pronouns and perspectives """" . and a very informative introduction by the editors . xx + 412 pp . isbn 90 6765 535 x . paperback . price : nlg 61 , 32 ( excl . vat and p&p ) holland academic graphics , the hague < http : / / www . hag . nl > rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
 "",0
 1935,""Subject: available for review : semantics , pragmatics , syntax
  
  the three books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org note : please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not provide a link or url to an online cv or homepage - - these will be ignored . please also provide a surface address for us to send the book to . semantics carpenter , bob ( 1997 ) type - logical semantics . mit press , cambridge ma based on an introductory course on nl semantics , this book presents type-logical grammar and the range fo linguistic phenomena that can be handled in categorial grammar . semantics and syntax forget et al . ( 1998 ) negation and polarity . john benjamins pub . co . semantics : bayer , samuel ( 1997 ) confessions of a lapsed neogrammarian . events and arguments in compositional semantics . garland press . pragmatics : reboul , anne and jacquess moeschler ( 1998 ) pragmatique du discours : de l ' interpretation de l ' enonce a l ' interpretation du discours . armand colin , paris
 "",0
 1936,""Subject: available for review : syntax and morphology
  
  the two books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org note : please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not provide a link or url to an online cv or homepage - - these will be ignored . please also provide a surface address for us to send the book to . syntax cheng , lisa lai - shen ( 1997 ) on the typology of wh - questions . garland press : ny syntax and morphology josefsson , gunlog ( 1998 ) minimal words in a minimal syntax : word formation in swedish . john benjamins : ny .
 "",0
 1937,""Subject: congress on storage & computation in linguistics 1998
  
  in this message we ask your attention for the utrecht congress on storage and computation in linguistics , organized october 19th - october 21st 1998 ( monday through wednesday ) by the utrecht institute of linguistic ots , at the occasion of its 10th anniversary . keynote speaker is ray jackendoff ( what 's in the lexicon ? ) . other invited speakers are : frans zwarts ( negation , temporal connectives and nonveridicality ) , ed keenan & ed stabler ( language invariance and language learnability ) , jan koster ( the uniformity of grammar ) , john ohala ( on the origin of the processes creating phonological varaints ) , geert booij ( lexical storage and phonological change ) , harald clahsen ( storage and computation of language in children with williams syndrome ) , steven gillis ( the acquisition of metrical phonology : computational learning experiments with ( out ) parameters , nicholas asher ( discourse parsing and interpretation ) , frans van eemeren ( rhetorical analysis within a dialectical framework ) , sally thomason ( competition and rule creation in language variation and change ) , and pieter muysken ( accommodation strategies in language contact ) . also there will be an evening lecture on monday evening , october 19th , by : steve pinker """" words and rules """" . this evening lecture will also be open to non-participants from uil ots and from the national graduate school of linguistics lot , in so far as there sufficient places . besides the invited lectures there are 19 oral presentations of selected papers , and 24 poster presentations . as of september 7th , a full congress programme and registration form can be found on the internet http : / / www-uilots . let . uu . nl / conferences / sc _ home . htm or can be obtained from our secretariate . note that registration is necessary also for participants from uil ots and lot , and that the registration fee will be considerably higher after october 1st . thus , on-site registration is possible , but will be relatively costly . programme for the utrecht congress on storage & computation in linguistics 1998 organized by the utrecht institute of linguistics ots on the occasion of its 10th anniversary october 19th - october 21st , 1998 20 . 00 informal drinks and registration 08 . 30 - 09 . 30 coffee and registration 09 . 30 - 09 . 45 welcome and opening riet schenkeveld - van der dussen , dean of the faculty of arts eric reuland , director of the uil ots 09 . 45 - 11 . 45 theme 1 : the architecture of the language faculty : storage and computation 09 . 45 - 10 . 30 ray jackendoff ( keynote lecture ) what 's in the lexicon ? 10 . 30 - 10 . 45 discussion 10 . 45 - 11 . 30 frans zwarts negation , temporal connectives , and nonveridicality 11 . 30 - 11 . 45 discussion 11 . 45 - 12 . 15 coffee break 12 . 25 - 13 . 25 posters m . becker the acquisition of language with complex heads a . evers & j . van kampen three types of delay in language acquisition j . dalalakis recall or computation ? level - ordering skills of greek specifically-language - impaired individuals i . kappa on the acquisition of fricatives in modern greek s . powers computing complexity in child grammar m . sharwood - smith dr . watson 's problem : on modular interactions in the second language acquirer d . ravid , h . abu - nofel & r . huri in the presence of multiple cues : learning to inflect plural adjectives in palestinian arabic n . ritter predicting the growth of phonological complexity in a cognitive-based computational model 13 . 25 - 14 . 30 lunch 14 . 30 - 15 . 50 theme 2 : grammar design 14 . 30 - 15 . 00 ed keenan & ed stabler language invariants and language learnability 15 . 00 - 15 . 10 discussion 15 . 10 - 15 . 40 jan koster the uniformity of grammar 15 . 40 - 15 . 50 discussion 15 . 50 - 16 . 20 coffee break 16 . 20 - 18 . 00 selected papers 16 . 20 - 16 . 45 h . jacobs child language and decreolization : computability and multiple storage 16 . 45 - 17 . 10 b . hohle & j . weissenborn the processing of closed-class elements in preverbal children : on the structure of children 's early lexical representations 17 . 10 - 17 . 35 l . lagerwerf inferences with causal connectives 17 . 35 - 18 . 00 b . warren & b . erman prefabs and word retrievals evening lecture place : aula , academiegebouw , domplein 29 20 . 30 steve pinker words and rules 08 . 30 - 09 . 50 theme 3 : language change 08 . 30 - 09 . 00 john ohala on the origin of the processes creating phonological variants 09 . 00 - 09 . 10 discussion 09 . 10 - 09 . 40 geert booij lexical storage and phonological change 09 . 40 - 09 . 50 discussion 09 . 50 - 10 . 20 coffee break 10 . 20 - 12 . 00 selected papers 10 . 20 - 10 . 45 j . lidz , l . gleitman & h gleitman the neighborhood effect 10 . 45 - 11 . 10 h . baayen & r . schreuder the balance of storage and computation in the mental lexicon : the case of morphological processing in language comprehension 11 . 10 - 11 . 35 a . laubstein blends as sublexical substitution errors 11 . 35 - 12 . 00 th . pollman & c . jansen the pragmatics of numerical expressions 12 . 10 - 13 . 10 posters j . treffers - daller borrowing and shift-induced interference : contrasting patterns in french - germanic contact in brussels and strasbourg j . mateu i fontanals on the irrelevance of conceptual content to the syntax - semantics interface i . draskovic & j . pustejovsky adjective - noun modifications : yellow tables , interesting books , and fast cars d . janssen the relativity of storage versus computation in producing language e . clark the net gain of neural nets : toward a more precise representation of universal grammar m . carmelita dias , v . quental & l . sanchez garcia a modular approach to lexicon j . weissenborn , b . hohle , d . kiefer & d . cavar the principle of economic conservatism : a constraint on children 's early syntactic operations d . leblanc competing lexical configurations : explaining patterns of child null subject and root infinitive use 13 . 10 - 14 . 30 lunch 14 . 30 - 15 . 50 theme 4 : language acquisition 14 . 30 - 15 . 00 harald clahsen storage and computation of language in children with williams syndrome 15 . 00 - 15 . 10 discussion 15 . 10 - 15 . 40 steven gillis the acquisition of metrical phonology : computational learning experiments with ( out ) parameters 15 . 40 - 15 . 50 discussion 15 . 50 - 16 . 20 coffee break 16 . 20 - 18 . 00 selected papers 16 . 20 - 16 . 45 : i . lasser language variation as cross-module links 16 . 45 - 17 . 10 : m . pinango , e . zurif & r . jackendoff aspectual coercion as on-line semantic computation : psycholinguistic and neuroanatomical evidence 17 . 10 - 17 . 35 : e . kaan , a . harris , e . gibson & ph . holcomb a brain wave component reflecting computation in language processing 17 . 35 - 18 . 00 : w . daelemans , a . van den bosch , j . veenstra & j . zavrel memory - based models of language processing 20 . 00congress diner 08 . 30 - 09 . 50 theme 5 : discourse analysis 08 . 30 - 09 . 00 nicholas asher discourse parsing and interpretation 09 . 00 - 09 . 10 discussion 09 . 10 - 09 . 40 frans van eemeren rhetorical analysis within a dialectical framework 09 . 40 - 09 . 50 discussion 09 . 50 - 10 . 20 coffee break 10 . 20 - 12 . 00 selected papers 10 . 20 - 10 . 45 j . schilperoord & a . verhagen storage and computation : a view from language production 10 . 45 - 11 . 10 s . grondelaers & m . brysbaert the interaction of storage and computation in the mental lexicon : the case of morphological processing in language comprehension 11 . 10 - 11 . 35 a . kilgariff the generative lexicon and the nunbergian lexicon 11 . 35 - 12 . 00 j . van der does & h . de hoop word - order variation and type-shifting 12 . 10 - 13 . 10 posters p . royle , g . jarema & e . kehayia visual word access in developmentally language impaired francophones r . slabakova aspectual constraints in the mental lexicon of bulgarian speakers l . stowe , r . withaar , a . wijers & a . paans the localization in the brain of cognitive functions involved in sentence processing r . varley & s . whiteside whole word storage in speech production : evidence from normal speakers and speakers with acquired apraxia of speech b . kennelly quantification / aspect interface m . penke , m . krause & u . janssen storage and computation in german participle formation : evidence from language disorders y . tobin monosemy and iconicity as underlying holistic mnemonic devices in language structure m . vilares ferro , d . cabrero souto & m . alonso pardo exploring parsing efficiency in computational linguistics 13 . 10 - 14 . 30 lunch 14 . 30 - 15 . 45 selected papers 14 . 30 - 14 . 55 p . ackema , a . neeleman competition between syntax and morphology 14 . 55 - 15 . 20 j . mateu i fontanals , l . amadas i simon & m . pascual i pou on the lexical syntax of ' constructional idioms ' 15 . 20 - 15 . 45 n . olsthoorn & g . kempen the cognitive architecture of grammatical encoding and decoding : an experimental test of the single-processor hypothesis 15 . 45 - 16 . 15 coffee break 16 . 15 - 17 . 35 theme 6 : language variation 16 . 15 - 16 . 45 sally thomason competition and rule creation in language variation and change 16 . 45 - 16 . 55 discussion 16 . 55 - 17 . 25 pieter muysken accommodation strategies in language contact 17 . 25 - 17 . 35 discussion 17 . 35 - 18 . 00 closing statement sunday october 18th place : michaelskapel , domtower , domplein monday october 19th place : drift 21 , room 0 . 32 & main hall tuesday october 20th place : drift 21 , room 0 . 32 & main hall wednesday october 21st place : drift 21 , room 0 . 32 & main hall _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ utrecht institute of linguistics ots uil ots please note ! the e-mail address changed to uil-ots @ let . uu . nl voice : # 31 ( 0 ) 30-2536006 fax : # 31 ( 0 ) 30-2536000 postal adress : trans 10 , 3512 jk , utrecht , the netherlands _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
 "",0
 1938,""Subject: universal grammar , ling anthropology
  
  lang acquisition ( universal grammar ) investigations in universal grammar : a guide to experiments on the acquisition of syntax and semantics stephen crain and rosalind thornton this introductory guide to language acquisition research is presented within the framework of universal grammar , a theory of the human faculty for language . the authors focus on two experimental techniques for assessing children 's linguistic competence : the elicited production task , a production task , and the truth value judgment task , a comprehension task . their methodologies are designed to overcome the numerous obstacles to empirical investigation of children 's language competence . they produce research results that are more reproducible and less likely to be dismissed as an artifact of improper experimental procedure . in the first section of the book , the authors examine the fundamental assumptions that guide research in this area ; they present both a theory of linguistic competence and a model of language processing . in the following two sections , they discuss in detail their two experimental techniques . stephen crain is professor of linguistics and rosalind thornton is assistant professor of linguistics , both at the university of maryland at college park . language , speech , and communication series a bradford book may 1998 $ 55 . 00 cloth 7 x 10 , 368 pp . , 46 illus . isbn 0-262 - 03250 - 3 for more information please visit http : / / mitpress . mit . edu / promotions / books / craihs98 linguistic anthropology linguistic anthropology alessandro duranti ( u . of california , los angeles ) isbn : 0-521 - 44536 - 1 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 420 pp . ; pub . date : 8 / 30 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 64 . 95 ; alessandro duranti introduces linguistic anthropology as an interdisciplinary field that studies language as a cultural resource and speaking as a cultural practice . the theories and methods of linguistic anthropology are introduced through a discussion of linguistic diversity , grammar in use , the role of speaking in social interaction , the organization and meaning of conversational structures , and the notion of participation as a unit of analysis . linguistic anthropology will appeal to undergraduate and graduate students . contents : 1 . the scope of linguistic anthropology ; 2 . theories of culture ; 3 . linguistic diversity ; 4 . ethnographic methods ; 5 . transcription : from writing to digitized images ; 6 . meaning in linguistic forms ; 7 . speaking as social action ; 8 . conversational ex ! changes ; 9 . units of participation ; 10 . conclusions ; appendix : practical tips on recording interaction ; references ; indexes order info : www . cup . org / order . html
 "",0
 1939,""Subject: books : pidgins & creoles , oceanic ling
  
  pidgins and creoles muehlhausler , peter , ed . papers in pidgin and creole linguistics no . 5 1998 , isbn 0 85883 474 x , v + 213pp . softcover . ( in press ) a $ 41 . 40 pacific linguistics catalogue number , a-91 . key words : pidgins and creoles ; lexicology ; pitcairn ; bislama ; western australia . this volume brings together lexicographic and sociolinguistic descriptions of some of the less well-documented pidgins , creoles and contact languages of the pacific region , adding many important details to current knowledge . for more information , contact : pacific linguistics http : / / coombs . anu . edu . au / depts / rspas / ling / pl / pageone . html oceanic ling tent , jan and france mugler , sicol proceedings of the second international conference on oceanic linguistics : vol . 1 , language contact 1998 , isbn 0 85883 448 x , ix + 146pp . softcover . a $ 36 . 25 pacific linguistics catalogue number , c-141 . key words : language contact ; creoles ; pidgins . this volume contains most of the papers presented at the second international conference on oceanic linguistics session on language contact . the papers range far afield , but the bulk are about the pacific and in particular melanesia , the part of the region with the greatest linguistic diversity and a rich history of language contact . the topics relate to : fiji hindi ( david arms ) , the tayo language of new caledonia ( chris core ) , belizean creole ( genevieve escure ) , singapore colloquial english ( anthea fraser gupta ) , french antillean creoles ( william jennings ) , melanesian pidgins and creole ( ernest w . lee ) , bislama ( miriam meyerhoff ) , south indian languages in fiji ( france mugler ) , language use and attitudes in fiji ( france mugler and jan tent ) , and the language of adolescent first language tok pisin speakers ( geoff p . smith ) . for more information , contact : pacific linguistics http : / / coombs . anu . edu . au / depts / rspas / ling / pl / pageone . html
 "",0
 1940,""Subject: book : phonetics ( intonation )
  
  phonetics intonation ( second edition ) alan cruttenden ( university of manchester , uk ) isbn : 0-521 - 59182 - 1 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 218 pp . ; pub . date : 8 / 30 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 59 . 95 ; when published in 1986 , this book was the first to survey intonation in all its aspects , both in english and universally . in this updated edition , while the basic descriptive facts of the form and use of intonation are presented in the british nuclear tone tradition , there is nevertheless extensive comparison with other theoretical frameworks , in particular with the tobi framework , which has become widespread in the united states . the author has expanded the sections on historical background , different theoretical approaches and sociolinguistic variation . intonation remains a basic reference book for linguists , phoneticians , speech therapists and all those concerned with speech in any way . ; contents : 1 . preliminaries ; 2 . stress , accent , and rhythm ; 3 . the forms of intonation ; 4 . the fun ! ctions of intonation ; 5 . comparative intonation ; 6 . conspectus ; references ; subject index ; author index . ; order info : www . cup . org / order . html
 "",0
 1941,""Subject: re : teflin98
  
  t e f l i n the association of teachers of english as a foreign language in indonesia a call for papers and an invitation to participate ( update ) international teflin seminar 1998 ( the 46th teflin seminar ) toward english for global communication : teachers as agents of change bandungan , semarang november 9th - 12th 1998 aims * sharing new ideas in response to current demands for english as a means of global communication * fostering communication among efl teachers in indonesia and overseas * raising awareness of being professionals , not ' just ' english teachers topic areas * genres for global communication : from literature to the internet * inter cultural communication * developing communicative elt materials * related research reports types of presentation * plenary papers ( 60 minutes plus 30 minutes for questions ) * papers for parallel sessions ( 45 minutes plus 15 minutes for questions ) * workshop ( 90 minutes ) proposals the teflin organisers invite english language teachers and educators to submit typed-abstracts of approximately 100 words . the deadline for receipt of abstracts is september 30th 1998 . please use the enclosed proposal form and send it to the address shown speakers a number of presenters who have confirmed so far include : 1 . dr . jack richards ( will give three presentations ) 2 . dr . julia to dutka ( director of toefl , princeton . usa ) 3 . dr . k . m . jenson ( usis jakarta ) 4 . a / prof peter collins ( new south wales university , sydney ) 5 . dr . gillian perrett ( head of tefl , sydney university ) and many more . apparently this year 's teflin seminar has attracted participants from all over the world such as uk , usa , australia , india , japan , korea , taiwan , thailand , malaysia , singapore , morocco , argentina etc . therefore , the 46th teflin seminar is no longer a national seminar but an international one . venue the seminar will be held in two adjacent hotels in bandungan , at the foot of ungaran mountain , 30 minutes drive south of semarang . the hotels have several restaurants , swimming pools , and tennis courts with splendid view . horse riding facilities can be found around the hotels and a traditional market selling local fruits , vegetables etc . is within walking distance . conference fee the registration fee is rp . 30 . 000 and us $ 25 for non - indonesian citizen . due to the limited number of rooms each hotel has , participants will be accommodated at two different hotels with different rates . these rates cover full board accommodation for three nights including 20 % government and service taxes and a copy of teflin journal . payment should be made to our account : bank rakyat indonesia , semarang - pattimura , cabang sampangan . account name : teflin 98 account number : 33-20 - 8888 a . nugraha wisata hotel ( with swimming pools and restaurant ) single occupancy rp . 450 . 000 shared rp . 250 . 000 ( please note that a fee of rp . 17 . 500 per day will be charged if you choose a suite room . ) b . rawa pening """" eltricia """" ( with swimming pools , restaurants and tennis courts ) shared rp . 190 . 000 note : non - indonesian citizen : us $ 50 please note that elika retreat house mentioned in the first circular is no longer available . we apologise for the inconveniences caused . transport a bus will leave the ikip semarang kelut campus ( auditorium gate on jl kelut raya ) on monday , november 9th 1998 at 2 : 00 pm . sharp . if you wish to book a seat , please contact laurentius e . nugraha at the addresses shown below . the bus will depart from bandungan on thursday , november 12th at 2 : 00 pm . to return participants to semarang . public transport ( """" bus nasima """" ) is also available from the semarang bus terminal to the hotels in bandungan . enquiries : helena i . r . agustien ( chairperson ) or laurentius e . nugraha ( contact person ) email : lnugraha @ indosat . net . id tel & fax : ( 024 ) 471061 address : gombel permai v / 105 , semarang 50261 if you wish to take a taxi from """" a . yani """" semarang airport to bandungan , please tell the driver to take you to the hotel ( s ) which is located right at the opposite of the famous """" tahu bandungan """" ( bandungan home-made tofu ) . registration ( closing october 15th 1998 ) name and title : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ position : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ institution : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tel / fax / e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ preferred name for the teflin tag : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ accommodation ( please indicate by putting a * sign after your choice ) 1 nugraha wisata hotel 2 rawa pening """" eltricia """" ( to ensure that you will have your preferred accommodation , please register as soon as possible . room assignment will be on first registered first served basis ) payment ( please indicate by putting a * sign after your choice ) 1 . cash 2 . transfer participation : i wish to ( please indicate by putting a * sign after your choice ) 1 . present a paper 2 . lead a workshop 3 . attend as a participant special requirements : 1 . ohp 2 video player 3 . co presenting with ( name and institution ) abstract ( please submit your abstract by september 30th to the address indicated above )
 "",0
 1942,""Subject: feminist conference : call for papers
  
  we are pleased to inform you that the center for studies and research on women which is affiliated to the faculty of letters and humanities dhar el mehraz , fes , morocco , is organizing an international conference on 8 , 9 , and 10 april 1999 on the following theme : feminist mouvements : origins and orientations current academic research on women has acquired a significant place in the field of knowledge . as a scientific discipline , it has largely contributed to theoretical elaborations . these elaborations , however , cannot be fully appreciated except in a framework that enhances the origins and orientations of feminist movements which have initiated and developed research studies on women . through the theme of this conference we aim to place the problem of origins and orientations of feminist movements in a context wide but specific enough to foster a real understanding of these movements at a universal scale . with this aim in mind , the conference will address the following issues , related to the historical , cultural , social , legal and ideological dimensions : 1 . the historical and cultural conditions which have crystallised into feminist movements worldwide ; 2 . the cultural and civilisational origins which have characterised these movements since their inception ; 3 . the nature of interaction between western feminist movements and their arab counterparts ; 4 . the intellectual orientations behind the evolution of feminist movements throughout the world . 5 . futurist views on feminist movements abstracts may be in english , french or arabic . deadline for receiving abstracts : november 30th , 1998 . the university will pay for board and lodging of the participants . abstracts may be sent by e-mail , fax , or surface mail to : fatima sadiqi department of english faculte des lettres dhar el mehraz b . p . 50 fes 30000 morocco fax : + 212 + 5 64 08 44 e-mail : < sadiqi @ fesnet . net . ma > telephone : + 212 + 5 61 09 10
 "",0
 1943,""Subject: eurogp ' 99
  
  call for papers eurogp ' 99 second european workshop on genetic programming goteborg , 26-27 may , 1999 genetic programming ( gp ) is a new branch of evolutionary computation in which the structures in the population being evolved are computer programs . gp has been applied successfully to a large number of difficult problems like automatic design , pattern recognition , robotic control , synthesis of neural networks , symbolic regression , music and picture generation , etc . eurogp ' 99 is the biggest event entirely devoted to genetic programming to be held in europe , the second of its kind after eurogp ' 98 which took place this year in paris . the aims are to give european and non - european researchers in the area of genetic programming as well as people from industry an opportunity to present their latest research and discuss current developments and applications . the event will be held at chalmers university of technology in goteborg , sweden . the workshop is sponsored by evonet , the network of excellence in evolutionary computing , and is one of the activities of evogp , the evonet working group on genetic programming . it will be held in conjunction with five other major european events : * evorobot ' 99 , the second european workshop on evolutionary robotics , * evoiasp ' 99 , the first european workshop on evolutionary image analysis and signal processing , * euroectel ' 99 , the first european workshop on evolutionary telecommunications , * evostim ' 99 , the first european workshop on evolutionary sheduling and time-tabling , * evoscondi ' 99 , the first european workshop on evolutionary computation for systems , control and drives industry , topics of interest include , but are not limited to : theoretical developments experimental results on performance and behaviour of gp runs new algorithms , representations and operators novel applications of gp to real-life problems hybrid architectures including gp components comparisons with other machine learning or program-induction techniques new libraries and implementations the workshop will consist of : a tutorial on gp by john koza an invited talk oral and poster sessions with periods for discussion software demos and industrial stands fees : registration fees are still being finalised and will be publicised shortly . registration to eurogp ' 99 will include free non-transferable registration to evorobot ' 99 , evoiasp ' 99 , euroectel ' 99 , evostim ' 99 and evoscondi ' 99 ( and vice versa ) . a reduced registration rate will be available for students . submissions : to submit , send your manuscript ( max length : 10 a4 pages ) to one of the co-chairs , riccardo poli and peter nordin , in postscript ( preferably compressed and uuencoded ) by email ( see addresses below ) not later than december 15 , 1998 . the papers will be peer reviewed by at least two members of the program committee . authors will be notified via email on the results of the review by january 15 , 1999 . the authors of accepted papers will have four weeks to improve their paper on the basis of the reviewers ' comments and will be asked to send a camera ready version of their manuscripts in lncs format ( 12 pages recommended , 15 pages max ) by february 15th , 1999 . the papers accepted will appear in the workshop proceedings , published by springer in the lecture notes in computer science series , which will be available at the workshop . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - organising committee : * riccardo poli , the university of birmingham , uk ( program co-chair ) e-mail : r . poli @ cs . bham . ac . uk * peter nordin , chalmers university of technology , sweden ( program co-chair ) e-mail : nordin @ fy . chalmers . se * terry fogarty , napier university , uk ( publication chair ) e-mail : t . fogarty @ dcs . napier . ac . uk * william b . langdon , the university of birmingham , uk ( publicity chair ) e-mail : w . b . langdon @ cs . bham . ac . uk * mats nordahl chalmers university of technology ( local chair ) email : tfemn @ fy . chalmers . se * kristian lindgren chalmers university of technology ( local chair ) email : frtkl @ fy . chalmers . se programme committee : * lee altenberg , university of hawai ` i at manoa * peter angeline , natural selection , new york , usa * wolfgang banzhaf , university of dortmund , germany * tobias blickle , saarbruecken , germany * marco dorigo , free university of brussels , belgium * gusz eiben , university of leiden , the netherlands * terry fogarty , napier university , uk * james a . foster * frederic gruau , center voor wiskunde en informatica , the netherlands * tom haynes , * hitoshi iba , university of tokyo , japan * w . b . langdon , the university of birmingham , uk * kristian lindgren , chalmers university of technology , sweden * nic mcphee * jean - arcady meyer , ecole normale superieure , france * mats nordahl , chalmers university of technology sweden * peter nordin , chalmers university of technology , sweden * una - may o'reilly , massachusetts institute of technology , usa * riccardo poli , the university of birmingham , uk * conor ryan , university of limerick , ireland * justinian rosca , siemens , usa * marc schoenauer , ecole polytechnique , france * michele sebag , ecole polytechnique , france * terry soule , st . cloud state university , usa * andrea tettamanzi , genetica , italy * marco tomassini , universite de lausanne , switzerland * hans - michael voigt , center for applied computer science , berlin , german * byoung - tak zhang , seoul national university , korea venue : main aula , goteborg university , vasaparken , goteborg directions can be found on the web site of the workshops . information on goteborg the friendly city and soksidor . accommodation : some prices for may 99 are still approximate . breakfast usually included . * maria erikssons pensionat , chalmersgatan 27 , , + 46 31 20 70 30 , 395-595 sek , dorm 200sek-250sek , + 46 31 166463 , distance 100 m * hotel flora , gronsakstorget 2 , + 46 31 13 86 16 , fax + 46 31 13 24 08 , 360-850 sek , hotelflora . ab @ swipnet . se , up to 6 beds in a few rooms , distance 600m * hotel vanilj , kyrkogatan 38 , + 46 31 7116220 , fax : + 46 31 7116230 , info @ vaniljhotel . entersol . se , 595-895 sek , 4 beds 1295 sek , distance 300m * hotel posseidon , storgatan 33 , + 49 31 10 05 50 , fax : + 49 31 13 83 91 , single 890 sek , double 1250 , jige @ algonet . se , distance 200m * hotel mornington , 800 sek , kungsportsavenyn 9 , mornington . hotel-gbg @ wmhotels . se , + 49 31 176540 , fax + 49 31 711 34 39 , distance 200m * hotel excelsior , karl gustavsgatan 7 , + 46 31 17 54 35 , fax + 46 31 17 54 39 , email : hotel . exelisio @ tripnet . se , http : / / www . tripnet / excelsior , 625-792 sek , distance 150m * hotel rubinen kungsportavenyn 24 , + 46 31 81 08 00 , fax + 46 31 167586 , reception . rubinen @ scandic-hotels . se , reservation . rubinen @ scandic-hotels . se , 1295-1965 sek , distance 300m local arrangements : in case help is needed regarding venue and / or accommodation , please contact peter nordin email : nordin @ fy . chalmers . se institute of physical resource theory chalmers university of technology s-412 96 goteborg , sweden timetable : submission deadline : 15 december 1999 notification of acceptance : 15 january 1999 camera ready papers for workshop : 15 february 1999 workshop : 26-27 may 1999 workshop web site : http : / / www . cs . bham . ac . uk / ~ rmp / eebic / eurogp99 contacts : riccardo poli email : r . poli @ cs . bham . ac . uk post : riccardo poli school of computer science the university of birmingham birmingham , b15 2tt , uk tel : + 44-121 - 414-3739 fax : + 44-121 - 414-4281 peter nordin email : nordin @ fy . chalmers . se institute of physical resource theory chalmers university of technology s-412 96 goteborg , sweden + 46 31 607213 , fax + 46 31 607201 w . b . langdon @ cs . bham . ac . uk 8 september 1998
 "",0
 1944,""Subject: special issue cl journal / finite state methods . . .
  
  please post or distribute call for papers computational linguistics special issue on finite state methods in natural language processing recent years has seen a substantial increase in the use of finite state techniques in many aspects of natural language processing as mature tools for building large scale finite-state systems from various research laboratories and universities become available . this trend was by no means foreseen as late as ten years ago given the well-known demonstration by noam chomsky in 1957 that finite-state methods are inherently incapable of representing the full richness of constructions in a natural language . nevertheless , it is evident now that there are many subsets of natural language that are adequately covered by finite-state means and that there are many other areas where finite-state approximations of more powerful formalisms are of great practical benefit . as a follow-up to the fsmnlp ' 98 , international workshop on finite state methods in natural language processing , it was proposed that a collection of papers in this area be published as a special issue of the computational linguistics journal . we would to encourage authors of the papers presented at this workshop , as well as all others who would like to contribute , to submit full versions of their papers for consideration for this special issue . guest editors : lauri karttunen ( xerox research centre europe , france ) kemal oflazer ( bilkent university , turkey ) guest editorial board eric brill ( johns hopkins university , md , usa ) eva ejerhed ( umea university , sweden ) ronald m . kaplan ( xerox palo alto research center , ca , usa ) martin kay ( xerox palo alto research center , ca , usa ) george kiraz ( bell laboratories , nj , usa ) andrs kornai ( bbn , ma , usa ) mehryar mohri ( at&t labs research , nj , usa ) mark - jan nederhof ( dfki , germany ) atro voutilainen ( university of helsinki , finland ) submission details please submit 6 copies of your hard-copy manuscript to lauri karttunen xerox research centre europe 6 chemin de maupertuis meylan , 38240 , france by monday , october 19 , 1998 . the format of the submission should follow the general submission requirements of the journal . manuscripts for computational linguistics should be submitted on letter-size paper ( 8 . 5 by 11 inches , or a4 ) , double-spaced throughout , including footnotes and references . the paper should begin with an informative abstract of approximately 150-250 words . manuscripts must be written in english .
 "",0
 1945,""Subject: sposs program
  
  program sposs 24-26 september , la baume - les - aix sounds patterns of spontaneous speech : production and perception _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ thursday 24 10-10 h . 30 welcome , coffee 10h . 30-11 h opening , presentation of the communications 11h - 12h . invited lecture : making sense of the infinite variety of natural speech patterns bjorn lindblom , stockholm and austin university 12h - 13h30 lunch 13h30 - 14h30 invited lecture : the phonetic manifestation of words in spontaneous speech klaus kohler , university of kiel 14h30 - 14h50 effect of emphasis and irritation on jaw opening o . fujimura , d . erickson and b . pardo , the ohio state university 14h50 - 15h10 comparison of aerodymanic and epg data in spoken and spontaneous speech d . demolin , universit libre de bruxelles 15h10 - 15h30 direct and indirect measurement of the articulation of intervocalic stop consonants in french alain soquet , universit libre de bruxelles 15h30 - 16h coffee break 16h - 16h20 distribution and acoustical characteristics of the allophones in french : laboratory / spontaneous speech denis autesserre and michel chafcouloff , lpl , aix en pce 16h20 - 16h40 phonological and phonetic aspects of brazilian portugese a study of / r / variants rgina cruz and lindinalva messias , ufpa , brazil 16h40 - 17h consonant reduction in spontaneous polish speech ryszard gubrynowicz * and pierre durand * * ( sal , warsaw and lpl , aix ) 17h - 17h20 quasi - homorganic v1 # # v2 sequencies in austrian german sylvia moosmller , acoustic research department , wien friday 25 9h - 9h . 20 what is deleted in spontaneous finnish : segmental interaction with word stress , vowel harmony and moras rittaa vlimaa - blum , cnrs ua 1027 , universit de lille 9h20 - 9h40 on - line preaspiration in swedish : implications for historical change ptur helgason , institute of phonetics , stockholm 9h40 - 10h language dependent and independent spontaneous speech phenomena patricia basset and tzu - ting su , ilpga , paris 10h - 10h30 coffee break 10h30 - 10h50 dual - route encoding : a synthesis of acoustic evidence from normal speech s . p . whiteside and r . a . varley , university of sheffield 10h50 - 11h10 consonant sequences in spontaneous french speech danielle duez , lpl , cnrs esa 6057 , aix en provence 11h10 - 12h10 invited lecture : """" synchronic variations and diachronic changes : the influence of prosodic structuring """" jacqueline vaissire , ilpga , paris 12h10 - 13h . 30 lunch 13h30 - 14h30 invited lecture : the recognition of spoken words with variable representation anne cutler , max planck institute , nijmegen 14h30 - 14h50 lexical access in spontaneous speech : reduced forms prime . . . less e . g . bard , m . l . kelly , and c . sotillo , hcrc , edinburgh 14h50 - 15h10 perception of ' reduced ' forms by non-native speakers of english linda shockey , university of reading 15h10 - 15h30 listening to nonnative language which violates native assimilation rules andrea weber , mpi , nijmegen 15h30 - 16h coffee break 16h - 16h20 extent of context and vowel indentification in speech variation s . m . williams and r . l . diehl , university of texas 16h20 - 16h40 disfluent speech : the transcriber problem r . lickley and e . g . bard , hcrc , edinburgh 16h40 - 17h is hypo-articulation lexically constrained ? c . f . sotillo and e . g . bard , hcrs , edinburgh 17h - 17h20 vowel quality in spontaneous speech : what makes a good vowel ? m . aylett and a . turk , hcrc , edinburgh 20h sposs dinner saturday 26 9h - 9h20 disentangling multiple sources of stress for word segmentation h . bortfeld and j . morgan , brown university 9h20 - 9h40 acoustic - prosodic cues of speech repairs in spontaneous speech shu - chan tseng , university of bielefeld 9h40 - 10h speaker strategies in the use of prosodic means in spontaneous discourse in dutch m . van donzel , f . j . koopmans - van beinum , l . c . w . pols , university of amsterdam 10h - 10h20 global and local characteristics of dutch questions in play-acted and spontanous speech j . haan and v . j . van heuven , nijmegen university and leiden university 10h20 - 10h40 effects of prosodic constraints on the differential lengthening of syllable constituents in french : a comparison between spontaneous and read speech c . astesano , lpl , aix en provence 10h40 - 11h we talk like that meh ? no , lah ! : intonation patterns on discourse particles in spontaneous singapore english lisa lim , university of singapore 11h - 11h30 coffee break 11h30 - 11h50 the use of alisp for automatic acoustic-phonetic transcription j . cernocky , g . baudoin , and g . chollet , tu of brno , esiee and enst 11h50 - 12h10 selection of pronunciation variants in spontaneous speech : comparing the performance of man and machine m . wester , j . m . kessens , c . cucchiarini , and h . strik 12h10 - 13h discussion : achievements and perspectives of research on spontaneous speech
 "",0
 1946,""Subject: central japan language education ws
  
  the 1998 central japan language education workshop will be held this october at japan advanced institute of science and technology ( jaist ) ishikawa prefe cture , japan . the main theme of the workshop will be new technology and the language class room . further information regarding the workshop can be obtained from the workshop website : http : / / www . jaist . ac . jp / ~ mark / conferencemain . html regards , mark peterson http : / / www . jaist . ac . jp / ~ mark
 "",0
 1947,""Subject: time map phonology
  
  kluwer academic publishers text , speech and language technology volume 5 series editors : nancy ide and jean veronis time map phonology finite state models and event logics in speech recognition julie carson - berndsen university of bielefeld , germany time map phonology addresses key areas of sound structure at which the two technologies of natural language processing and speech technology are beginning to converge . solutions are presented to the problems of how to process words which have not been heard before and how to develop fine-grained knowledge representation and processing techniques for linguistic units smaller than the word . the solutions are based on a careful comparison of linguistic theories and on the investigation of computational techniques for the next generation of flexible spoken language input and output devices . the approach has been fully implemented for the vocabulary of german and subjected to quantitative evaluation . hardbound , isbn 0-7923 - 4883 - 4 , december 1997 contents - - - - - - - preface . 1 . introduction . 2 . phonology and computation . 3 . finite state techniques in computational phonology . 4 . the event concept in time map phonology . 5 . phonotactic descriptions and their representation . 6 . excursus : constraint - based segmental phonological parsing . 7 . constraint - based phonological parsing : an event - based approach . 8 . silpa . 9 . evaluation . 10 . conclusion . appendix a : sampa phonetic alphabet for german . appendix b : the chomsky hierarchy . appendix c : event - based phonotactic network for german . bibliography . index . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - previous volumes volume 1 : recent advances in parsing technology harry bunt , masaru tomita hardbound , isbn 0-7923 - 4152 - x , 1996 volume 2 : corpus - based methods in language and speech processing steve young , gerrit bloothooft hardbound , isbn 0-7923 - 4463 - 4 , 1997 volume 3 : an introduction to text-to - speech synthesis thierry dutoit hardbound , isbn 0-7923 - 4498 - 7 volume 4 : exploring textual data ludovic lebart , andre salem and lisette berry hardbound , isbn 0-7923 - 4840 - 0 , december 1997 check the series web page for order information : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / kapis / cgi-bin / world / series . htm ? tltb - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",0
 1948,""Subject: chamito - semitic conference
  
  announcing the 1999 conference on the morpho - syntax of chamito - semitic languages to be held at the university of fez , morocco , march 15-17 , 1999 . deadline for receipt of abstracts : november 30 , 1998 all submissions must comprise : i ) three copies of the abstract and ii ) one card with full name , affiliation , title of the paper , address , fax number and e-mail . the paper abstracts must be at most 2 - pages long ( including examples and references ) . papers will be presented in english , french and arabic . authors whose abstracts are accepted will be notified in mid - january 1999 . the abstract may be sent by surface mail , fax or e-mail to : professor moha ennaji for the generative grammar reseach group ( gergg ) sidi moahmed ben abdellah university faculty of letters , department of english bp 50 fs 30 000 morocco tel : + 212 5 61 09 10 fax : + 212 5 64 08 44 e - mail : ennaji < estry @ fesnet . net . ma > there will be 18 talks in all , each 40 minutes long with an additional 15 minutes for discussion . the university can pay for board and lodging during the conference , but cannot afford to pay for transportation . participants are requested to make their travel arrangements early . as a follow up to this conference , a three-day spring institute will be organized on march 18-20 , 1999 for the benefit of graduate students and researchers . this mini-institute will feature lectures and seminars on minimalist theory and the morphology and syntax of chamito-semitic languages . invited leading scholars in the field will teach a few courses . conference topics and aims the major suggested topics to be discussed during the conference are : - morphology : inflection and derivation paradigms - word order variation - syntactic variation - syntax and semantics - diachronic studies - comparative studies - chamito-semitic languages and universal grammar - minimalist approaches to chamito-semitic languages - the acquisition of morphosyntax chamito - semitic languages have generally been associated with descriptive and diachronic linguistics . they have been described and analyzed at the phonological , morphosyntactic and semantic levels by functional , structural and generative schools of linguistics . today most chamito - semitic studies are inspired by the generative trend . however , in the light of the new developments in the minimalist theory , chamito - semitic languages have been overlooked . the aim of this conference is to discuss new researches in the syntax of chamito - semitic languages within the framework of the latest approaches in generative syntax . the ultimate goal is to establish the parameters of these languages and bring changes and improvements to the minimalist theory on the basis of empirical data . new data and comparative studies are encouraged in order to strengthen or disconfirm the principles of minimalism and ug . this conference will focus on similarities and differences between the various chamito - semitic languages , using the minimalist theoretical framework and empirical knowledge . comparisons between dialects and languages that are genetically related will be made to check parametrization in ug , on the one hand , and to analyze the syntax of these languages on formal grounds . the major aim of this conference , then , is to shed light on the progress made in chamito - semitic morphology and syntax , as well as focus on the data and theoretical perspectives . contributions from related subjects like semantics , language variation and language acquisition will be welcome . hypotheses and predictions will be postulated and tested according to different principles and parameters determined by ug . for further contacts , please e-mail : ennaji < estry @ fesnet . net . ma >
 "",0
 1949,""Subject: journees de rochebrune 99
  
  2nd and last call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - journes de rochebrune 1999 : rencontres interdisciplinaires sur les systemes complexes naturels et artificiels du 31 janvier 1999 au 6 fevrier 1999 . appel a communications theme des journes 1999 toutes indications disponibles : http : / / www . idiap . ch / ~ glotin / rb99 . html conflits des interpretations et interpretation des conflits le robert definit l ' interpretation comme l ' activite de donner une signification que ce soit aux signes en general ou aux phnomenes . la connaissance que nous avons de cette activite est relativement peu structure au contraire de l ' activite de modelisation qui est specifique quoique dominante dans la science occidentale contemporaine . l ' interpretation peut se comprendre a la fois comme un processus et comme son resultat . elle peut donc etre difficilement separe de sa dynamique d ' elaboration . c ' est pourquoi nous voulons explorer plus precisement le role des conflits et antagonismes dont heraclite disait qu ' ils sont les seuls moteurs d ' evolution . le conflit ne doit pas forcement etre compris dans le sens de la logique classique dans laquelle il est source d ' incoherence ; ni dans le sens etymologique de forces qui se heurtent ce qui rendrait le conflit source de destruction , mais au contraire comme dynamique creatrice une fois placee dans un mecanisme d ' equilibration , possiblement par interpretation du conflit lui-meme . nous souhaitons poser les questions ( non-exhaustives ) suivantes : * le vivant interprete-t - il son environnement et quel sens donner a cette assertion ? entre adn et organisation cellulaire , qu ' en est-il de l ' embryogenese comme hermeneutique du vivant ? * quelle diffrence y a-t - il entre l ' interpretation par le vivant , l ' homme et la machine ? quels modeles en avons-nous et sont-ils conflictuels ? que nous apprend l ' ordinateur comme machine universelle a traiter le signe ? * quel est le role des conflits et antagonismes dans la construction d ' interpretation ? pourquoi les eviter et comment les utiliser ? * comment une interpretation individuelle est-elle possible ou qu ' en est-il de l ' interpretation collective et du role de la multiplicite des points de vue , qu ' ils soient methodologiques , contextuels ou de niveaux , et donc des conflits qui peuvent en resulter ? qu ' en est-il de l ' interpretation comme resolution des conflits et donc moteur d ' evolution ? * si , comme dans la deuxieme definition du greimas ( voir notes ) , les signes sont toujours deja signifiants , comment peuvent-ils avoir ce statut ? qu ' est-ce qui les rend signifiants ? qu ' en est-il de la pensee symbolique des civilisations anciennes ou orientales et qui a ete cultivee chez nous jusqu ' au moyen - age ( g . durand ) ? comment cette forme d ' interpretation s ' articule-t - elle avec les signes decontextualises , jusqu ' a etre calculables et a la conception de l ' interpretation qui en decoule ? * de quels processus de legitimation des interpretations disposons-nous ? quelles relations l ' interpretation entretient-elle avec l ' action ou l ' argumentation que ce soit avant , par ou apres coup ? comment l ' interpretation s ' articule-t - elle a la controverse , la negociation , l ' ajustement ? * puisque la simulation joue un role de plus en plus grand dans l ' activite du modelisateur : comment s ' articulent la simulation et l ' interpretation ? ces questions sont au coeur de la plupart des sciences et plus particulirement la semiotique , l ' hermeneutique , les sciences cognitives et neurosciences , la philosophie , la psychologie , la linguistique et psycholinguistique , l ' intelligence artificielle , l ' anthropologie et la sociologie . elles sous-tendent galement l ' activit scientifique , tant dans la modelisation que dans l ' exprimentation . elles sont inseparables des activites des concepteurs - ingenieurs , informaticiens , architectes . . . - dont les productions proviennent de la resolution de conflits d ' interpretations du monde , et sont soumises des conflits d ' interpretation . notes : selon """" semiotique - dictionnaire raisonne de la theorie du langage """" de greimas et courts , on distingue au moins deux acceptions de l ' interpretation , l ' interpretation comme attribution de significations des signes qui en sont depourvus et l ' interpretation comme paraphrase ( au sens large ) de signes deja remplis de significations . cette deuxieme acception fait echo au """" dictionnaire de la psychanalyse """" de laplanche et pontalies qui definit l ' interpretation comme degagement , par l ' investigation analytique , de sens latent dans le dire et les conduites d ' un sujet ; faisant donc reference a la fois au sens deja la et , en plus , sa modalite d ' obtention . soumission des contributions les propositions de communication , de 4 12 pages , devront parvenir en trois exemplaires ou sous forme electronique ( word attache vivement souhaite ) a l ' adresse suivante : christophe parisse , inserm , laboratoire de neuropsychologie de l ' enfant , batiment pharmacie 3eme etage , hopital de la salpetriere , 47 bd de l ' hopital , 75651 paris cedex 13 , france e - mail : parisse @ ext . jussieu . fr dates importantes reception des manuscrits : 31 septembre 1998 notification d ' acceptation : 9 novembre 1998 remise des versions finales : 10 decembre 1998
 "",0
 1950,""Subject: new book : bolognesi : the phonology of campidanian sardinian
  
  roberto bolognesi , the phonology of campidanian sardinian . a unitary account of a self-organizing structure . the phonology of campidanian sardinian presents a comprehensive description and theoretical account of the phonological system of southern sardinian . in addition to a description of the rich variety of phonological facts of the language , a unitary framework is developed which is based on three existing theories : the dependency - based ap - proach to segmental structure , metrical prosody and optimality theory . major revisions and extensions of the three theories are proposed which lead to a unitary account of an entire phonological system , from the segmental level to the level of higher prosodic constituents . contents : 1 . sociolinguistic introduction 2 . the data 3 . theoretical introduction 4 . a theory of segmental structure 5 . segmental phenomena 6 . a general theory of prosodic structure . 7 . a rhythmic theory of the syllable 8 . syllabification phenomena 9 . language specific contraints 10 . conclusions 1998 . 514 pp . isbn 90 5569 043 0 . paperback . [ hil dissertations 38 . university of amsterdam . ] price for individuals ordering directly from hag : nlg 40 ( excl . p&p and vat ) . holland academic graphics , the hague < http : / / www . hag . nl > rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
 "",0
 1951,""Subject: new book : van de vijver : the iambic issue .
  
  ruben van de vijver , the iambic issue . iambs as a result of constraint interaction in iambic languages stress on both the first and on the last syllable is avoided ; iambs are not assigned from right to left ; the prototypical iambic foot does not play a role in prosodic morphology . building on optimality theory , van de vijver argues that iambic feet are the result of constraint interaction rather than being building blocks of metrical theory . van de vijver presents detailed analyses of the stress patterns of several carib and yupik languages and shows that the rightheaded feet found on the surface in these languages are the result of the interaction between a constraint which favors leftheaded feet and a constraint which bars both the initial and the final syllable from being stressed . he argues further that iambs can only arise at the left edge of the word and analyzes the stress patterns of several lan - guages which are claimed to have iambs arising at the right edge of the word . one of the conclusions is that the prototypical iamb is never used as a building block in prosodic morphology . contents : 1 . introduction 2 . stress in cariban languages 3 . yupik prosody 4 . only the trochee : stress from right to left 5 . feet in prosodic morphology 6 . summary and conclusions 1998 . 271pp . isbn 90-5569 - 040 - 6 . paperback . [ hil dissertations 37 . vrije universiteit amsterdam . ] price for individuals ordering directly from hag : nlg 40 ( excl . p&p and vat ) . holland academic graphics , the hague < http : / / www . hag . nl > rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
 "",0
 1952,""Subject: toc : anthropological linguistics , vol . 40 , no . 2
  
  * * anthropological linguistics , volume 40 , number 2 ( summer 1998 ) * * contents symposium on irrealis irrealis in pilaga and toba ? syntactic versus pragmatic coding , alejandra vidal and harriet e . manelis klein irrealis constructions in mocho ( mayan ) , laura martin irrealis and perfect in itzaj maya , charles andrew hofling lake miwok irrealis , catherine a . callaghan is irrealis a grammatical category in upper chehalis ? , m . dale kinkade irrealis as category , meaning , or reference , edward h . bendix """" irrealis """" as a grammatical category , joan l . bybee _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ automatic componential analysis of kinship semantics with a proposed structural solution to the problem of multiple models , vladimir pericliev and raul e . valdes-perez review essay semitic and indo - european : the principal etymologies , with observations on afro - asiatic ( saul levin ) , carleton t . hodge discussion and debate rejoinder , j . marshall unger book reviews the tongue is fire : south african storytellers and apartheid ( harold scheub ) , robert k . herbert korle meets the sea : a sociolinguistic history of accra ( m . e . kropp dakubu ) , adams bodomo a language of our own : the genesis of michif , the mixed cree - french language of the canadian metis ( peter bakker ) , patrick douaud contactos y transferencias linguisticas en hispanoamerica ( signo y sena : revista del instituto de linguistica 6 ) , yolanda lastra language contact in japan : a socio - linguistic history ( leo j . loveday ) , j . marshall unger aryans and british india ( thomas r . trautmann ) , garland cannon negotiating identity : rhetoric , metaphor , and social drama in northern ireland ( anthony d . buckley and mary catherine kenney ) , steve coleman conceptual structure , discourse , and language ( adele e . goldberg ) , william a . foley speech acts and conversational interaction : toward a theory of conversational competence ( michael l . geis ) , jef verschueren historical syntax in cross - linguistic perspective ( alice c . harris and lyle campbell ) , h . paul manning * * * * * * * annual subscription rates ( for 4 issues ) : $ 30 for u . s . individuals ; $ 38 for non - u . s . individuals ; $ 65 for u . s . institutions ; $ 75 for non - u . s . institutions . payment should be in u . s . funds by check or postal money order made payable to anthropological linguistics . visa and mastercard are also accepted . subscriptions and inquires should be sent to : anthropological linguistics , student building 130 ( c ) , indiana university , bloomington , in 47405 usa ; fax : ( 812 ) 855-7529 ; e-mail : < anthling @ indiana . edu > . for abstracts and more information , visit our website at : < http : / / www . indiana . edu / ~ anthling >
 "",0
 1953,""Subject: calls : weisgerber colloquium
  
  call for papers special conference on johann leo weisgerber ( 1899-1985 ) an international colloquium on the well-known german linguist johann leo weisgerber ( 1899-1985 ) will be held at the university of muenster ( germany ) from march 12 to march 13 , 1999 . the colloquium is organized by the german based international association for the history of linguistics , the """" studienkreis ' geschichte der sprachwissenschaft ' ( sgds ) """" , and will take place in the centre of muenster at the so-called ' alexander - von - humboldt - haus ' . papers dealing with weisgerber 's theory and philosophy of language , weisgerber 's place in the history of linguistics , the weisgerber reception in germany , europe or at overseas , and weisgerber 's political position will be welcomed . conference languages are english , french , and german . for further information contact : studienkreis ' geschichte der sprachwissenschaft ' c / o klaus d . dutz postfach 5725 , d-48031 muenster , germany e - mail : dutz . nodus @ t-online . de peter schmitter hankuk university of foreign studies , seoul schmitpe @ maincc . hufs . ac . kr
 "",0
 1954,""Subject: call : glow phonology workshop
  
  the glow phonology workshop phonetics in phonology april 1 , 1999 invited speakers : edward flemming , donca steriade organizers : carlos gussenhoven , ren kager university of postdam the workshop is broadly concerned with the relevance of articulatory and perceptual facts for phonological theory . more specifically , it intends to focus on such questions as the extent to which functional factors determine phonological grammars , the status of the distinction between phonological representation and phonetic implementation , the issue of multiple ( articulation-based as well as perception-based ) phonological representations , and the universality and ` groundedness ' of phonological constraints . the workshop will consist of approximately 7 talks of 45 minutes each , followed by 15 minutes of discussion . abstracts may not exceed one page with at least a 1 inch margin on all four sides and should employ a font no smaller than 12 pt . they should be sent anonymously in threefold , accompanied by a camera-ready original with the author 's name , address and affiliation , to glow phonology workshop c / o . ren kager utrecht institute of linguistics / ots trans 10 3512 jk utrecht netherlands deadline for submission of abstracts : december 1 , 1998 submission by fax or e-mail will not be accepted . further information can be found on http : / / www . ling . uni-potsdam . de / ik / glow . html for questions contact ren kager or carlos gussenhoven e-mail : kager @ let . uu . nl , gussenhoven @ engindy1 . let . kun . nl phone : + 31-30 - 2538064 fax : + 31-30 - 2536000 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ren kager utrecht institute of linguistics / ots trans 10 3512 jk utrecht the netherlands phone : + 31-30 - 2538064 fax : + 31-30 - 2536000
 "",0
 1955,""Subject: new book : language acquisition
  
  literacy development in a multilingual context cross - cultural perspectives edited by aydin durgunoglu , university of minnesota , duluth ludo verhoeven , university of nijmegen , the netherlands this volume explores the use of literacy outside the mainstream in different contexts throughout the world . it is divided into four parts . the first section presents an anthropological perspective - - analyzing the society and the individual in a society . the second presents a psychological perspective - - focusing on the individuals themselves and analyzing the cognitive and affective development of young children as they acquire literacy in their first and second languages . the third presents an educational perspective - - highlighting the variations in educational approaches in different societies as well as the outcomes of these approaches . the final section summarizes the studies presented in this volume . both theoretical issues and educational implications related to the development of literacy in two languages are discussed . an attempt is also made to open up new directions in the study of literacy development in multilingual contexts by bringing these various disciplinary perspectives together . 0-8058 - 2442 - 1 [ cloth ] / 1998 / 328pp . / $ 75 . 00 0-8058 - 2443 - x [ paper ] / 1998 / 328pp . / $ 36 . 00 lawrence erlbaum associates , inc . orders @ erlbaum . com
 "",0
 1956,""Subject: tai studies i
  
  the first international conference on tai studies july 29-31 , 1998 institute of language and culture for rural development mahidol university at salaya , thailand first announcement rationale the institute of language and culture for rural development , mahidol university is pleased to announce the first international conference on tai studies , to be held july 29-31 , 1998 in bangkok . the main objective of this conference is to provide an international forum for scholars from different countries to present and discuss various aspects of tai studies . the conference will feature papers on any of the tai and outliner groups residing outside thailand , namely , lao , black tai , lue , white tai , shan , ahom , dai , tay , tho , nung , zhuang , bouyei , ong - be , saek , kam ( dong ) , sui ( shui ) , maonan , mulam ( mulao ) , mak , then , ai - cham , lati , laqua , hlai , and gelao . topics will include : ( 1 ) languages and linguistics ; ( 2 ) folk wisdom and literature ; ( 3 ) belief , ritual , and religions ; ( 4 ) history ; ( 5 ) politics ; ( 6 ) economics and environment ; ( 7 ) ethno-cultural contact and exchange ; ( 8 ) architecture , arts , music , and handicrafts ; ( 9 ) archaeology ; and ( 10 ) others . program keynote speeches , plenary sessions , paper presentations , slides , posters , exhibition language the language to be used in the conference will be english . registration fees the registration fee includes conference documents , lunch , refreshments . students non - students overseas local overseas local before and on june 1 , 98 us $ 100 1 , 500 baht us $ 120 2 , 500 baht after june 1 , 1998 us $ 120 2 , 000 baht us $ 150 3 , 000 baht payment by international draft ( cheque ) in us dollar only . please make check payable to """" mahidol university . """" venue royal river hotel , bangkok , thailand abstract and paper abstracts are invited for the conference . by may 1 , 1998 , please submit two copies of a one-page abstract . abstract must be typed , camera ready , and contain the following information : titile of abstract , author 's name , affiliation , content . papers to be distributed at the conference must be submitted before june 1 , 1998 . papers to be presented at tai studies i will be published in the tai studies i proceedings and will be available for a purchase after the conference . to ensure inclusion in the volume , submit a camera-ready copy of paper by november 1 , 1998 . presentation will be 20 minutes in length , with 10 minutes for questions . accomodation and travel information the information on accommodations and travel will be announced later . conference registration a conference registration form is available at : http : / / www . mahidol . ac . th / mahidol / lc / index . html corresponding address : chair of secretariat tai studies i institute of language and culture for rural development mahidol university , salaya nakornpathom 73170 , thailand tel : ( 662 ) 441-9327 , 441-9343 , 441-9514 ; fax ( 662 ) 441-0209 email : lcssm @ mahidol . ac . th web page : http : / / www . mahidol . ac . th / mahidol / lc / index . html - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - have you visited our institute 's homepage yet ? = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = http : / / www . mahidol . ac . th / mahidol / lc / index . html
 "",0
 1957,""Subject: new book : cognitive linguistics
  
  the new psychology of language cognitive and functional approaches to language structure edited by michael tomasello , emory university the history of psychological approaches to the study of language has included periods of little communication between the disciplines of linguistics and psychology , and periods where each field drew upon the theories and methods of the other in limited - - and often limiting - - ways . this book represents a new approach that may define the next era in the relationship between psychology and linguistics . it does so by presenting the evolving linguistic theories collectively known as cognitive - functional linguistics in terms that are intended to be accessible to cognitive scientists interested in how language works psychologically . in contrast to the chomskian linguistic theories with which most psychologists today are familiar , the cognitive-functional approach of these linguists focuses on the things people communicate about ( communicative functions ) and the social conventions by means of which they do so ( linguistic symbols and structures ) . the chapters in this book were all written by linguists who are leading proponents of this approach and edited by a psychologist committed to bringing this new way of looking at language into the mainstream of psychology . the volume promises to give psychologists a new appreciation of what this variety of linguistics can offer their study of language and communication , as well as to provide cognitive-functional linguists new models for presenting their work to audiences outside the boundaries of traditional linguistics . 0-8058 - 2576 - 2 [ cloth ] / 1998 / 312pp . / $ 65 . 00 0-8058 - 2577 - 0 [ paper ] / 1998 / 312pp . / $ 29 . 95 lawrence erlbaum associates , inc . orders @ erlbaum . com
 "",0
 1958,""Subject: new book : language processes
  
  social and cognitive approaches to interpersonal communication edited by susan r . fussell , carnegie mellon university roger j . kreuz , university of memphis historically , the social aspects of language use have been considered the domain of social psychology , while the underlying psycholinguistic mechanisms have been the purview of cognitive psychology . recently , however , it has become increasingly clear that these two dimensions are highly interrelated : cognitive mechanisms underlying speech production and comprehension interact with social psychological factors , such as beliefs about one 's interlocutors and politeness norms , and with the dynamics of the conversation itself , to produce shared meaning . this realization has led to an exciting body of research integrating the social and cognitive dimensions which has greatly increased our understanding of human language use . this volume contains a collection of papers by noted social and cognitive psychologists illustrating this theme . each chapter demonstrates how the theoretical approaches and research methods of social and cognitive psychology can be successfully interwoven to provide insight into one or more fundamental questions about the process of interpersonal communication . the topics under investigation include the nature and role of speaker intentions in the communicative process , the production and comprehension of indirect speech and figurative language , perspective-taking and conversational collaboration , and the relationships between language , cognition , culture , and social interaction . the book will be of interest to all those who study interpersonal language use : social and cognitive psychologists , theoretical and applied linguists , and communication researchers . 0-8058 - 2269 - 0 [ cloth ] / 1998 / 312pp . / $ 59 . 95 0-8058 - 2270 - 4 [ paper ] / 1998 / 312pp . / $ 32 . 50 lawrence erlbaum associates , inc . orders @ erlbaum . com
 "",0
 1959,""Subject: _ rightward movement _ review - - i
  
  [ editor 's note : this is part one of a two part review . the second part appears in the next issue of linguist ] beerman , dorothee , david leblanc , & henk van riemsdijk , eds . ( 1997 ) rightward movement ( linguistik aktuell 17 ) amsterdam : benjamins . 406 pp . this is a proceedings volume collecting together papers presented in oct . 1995 at the tilburg conference on rightward movement . the editors mention two or three papers that were presented at the conference but were not including in this proceedings volume . i say ` two or three ' because , although they mention three authors ( kayne , koike , and truckenbrodt ) , koike actually has a paper in this volume ; i do not know why his name is included in the list of authors whose papers were not included . at the back of the book , a complete list of addresses ( snail - and e-mail ) of the contributors is included . the editors ' preface ( with van riemsdijk named as principal author ) provides a very nice summary of the relevant issues and their background in the literature . special note is taken of repercussions of recent work in minimalist program ( e . g . , kayne 1994 ) for the whole notion of ` rightward movement ' ( hereafter rm ) . this reviewer would note in particular that , although it is commonly supposed that , as stated in the preface , ` in a minimalist approach , movement is exclusively triggered by checking . . . . given this new line of thinking , rightward movement simply cannot be triggered , hence it cannot exist ' , some of the contributors - - e . g . , alphonce & davis , buring & hartmann - - demonstrate that it is in fact possible to develop hypotheses within the minimalist framework that would enable triggering of such movement . of the 14 papers in the collection , it is hardly surprising that 7 deal with ` extraposition ' ( defined in various ways ) , and four of those are concerned primarily with one aspect or other of extraposition in german . i will discuss these extraposition papers as a group before considering the others . josef bayer 's paper ` cp - extraposition as argument shift ' ( pp . 37-58 ) begins with a very nice , neat summary of problems with classical extraposition account ( via rm ) for postverbal cps in v - final languages ( focussing particularly on bengali , hindi , and german ) , noting that these problems disappear under a kayne - type analysis . however , he goes on to note definite empirical problems with a kayne - type analysis . he then proposes an analysis according to which a complement is right-adjoined to the maximal projection of its governing head ( in this case vp ) , leaving behind a trace as sole sister of that head ( v ) . if that trace is then deleted and the tree is pruned , the v ends up with a complement to its right which it can theta-mark . alternatively , bayer suggests , at least some ` extraposed ' cps may be base-generated to the right , co-indexed with a ( dummy / deletable ) pronominal , by inheritance from which they are licensed . bayer notes that this would help account for the fact that in some ov languages ( e . g . , bengali ) , certain classes of cps are * always * ` extraposed ' . if we assume that directionality is relevant to selection , then the resulting vp constitutes a barrier to a cp on the ` non-canonical ' side of the head , which would account for the scope effects bayer notes earlier as being problematic for both the traditional account and the kayne - type account . in ` rightward scrambling ' ( pp . 186-214 ) , anoop mahajan argues on the basis of various relations sensitive to c-command that postverbal nominal arguments in hindi are merely constituents left behind while everything else has moved leftwards . this analysis supersedes the rm analysis he proposed in an unpublished paper ten years ago and is deliberately consistent with an analysis based on kayne 's linear correspondence axiom ( hereafter lca ) . this reviewer notes that many of mahajan 's arguments necessarily presuppose certain possibly dubious tacit assumptions , e . g . , that rm must necessarily involve adjunction specifically to ip ( contrary to the approach proposed in , e . g . , muller 's , wiltschko 's , and rochemont & culicover 's papers ) . for instance , the string in mahajan 's ( 33 ) , which he marks ( ? ? ? ) could be generated - - and its unacceptability accounted for - - by right-adjunction of the direct object to vp rather than ip . nowhere does mahajan actually address what in this reviewer 's opinion is the most basic issue with questions like this : is there or is there not any evidence of a * gap * corresponding to the postverbal material ? michael s . rochemont & peter w . culicover in ` deriving dependent right adjuncts in english ' ( pp . 279-300 ) discuss various constructions in english , all of which might be included under a rather broadly-defined concept of ` extraposition ' . distinguishing between the extraposition of relative clauses on the one hand and heavy - np shift and presentational - there insertion on the other , they argue that relative - clause extraposition is best treated as ( 1 ) base - generated and ( 2 ) right-adjunction to the governing category ( vp , ip , or cp ) of the antecedent to the extraposed rc . they make an effort to conjure up plausible analyses of rc - extraposition involving kayne - style leftward-movement but note that none of the possibilities they consider are quite satisfactory . even the ` best ' option , involving movement of both the rc and its antecedent to distinct spec positions , fails to provide any motivation for either the posited movement or the highly ramified structure such an analysis requires . expanding on earlier work of their own ( rochemont & culicover 1990 ) , rochemont & culicover argue that heavy - np shift and presentational - there insertion are best treated as instances of movement to a right - adjoined a ' - position . they demonstrate that , quite apart from the problems discussed in rochemont & culicover 1990 , any attempt to analyze such constructions by means of exclusively leftward movement involves the extremely unattractive movement of what is not , in fact , by any stretch of the imagination a recognizable constituent . in the end , they acknowledge that there are some empirical problems shared by both the rightward-movement account they apparently prefer and the ` movement to high specifier ' account that would be more consistent with a kayne - type approach , but that the latter raises some provoking theoretical problems that are absent from their rightward-movement account . they conclude by saying that ` the question whether rightward movement exists or not . . . is not an empirical one . ' daniel buring & katharina hartmann 's paper ` the kayne mutiny ' ( pp . 59-80 ) presents an excellent argument for the empirical bankruptcy of the kayne antisymmetry hypothesis . making crucial use of reconstruction at lf and of binding - theoretic statements referring to ( undeleted ) traces , b&h 's argument is built upon the prediction that , if extraposition is a consequence of rm , it ought to be possible for a proper binding relation * not * to exist between an np and a cp later in the sentence - - if the np happens to be in a hierarchically lower position , from which neither it nor any of its daughters is able to c-command the cp ( such a lack of binding relation is a priori impossible in a kayne analysis , according to which any np to the left of a cp must ipso facto c-command it ) . they then demonstrate that such binding failures are in fact attested , and are indeed not all that difficult to come up with in a language like german . ( at the end of section 2 , they acknowledge some confusing results with regard to coreference options , concluding that these ` require further investigation ' . ) they further demonstrate ( section 3 ) that the kayne analysis actually does serious violence to many standard assumptions about movement , including ( similarly to rochemont & culicover ) issues of what qualifies as a ( movable ) constituent and under what circumstances a constituent may be ` stranded ' . ( it 's from this surreptitiously iconoclastic character of kayne 's hypothesis that they get their clever title . ) and they demonstrate that verb - topicalization ought to be impossible in a kayne analysis , although of course it 's quite common in german . in order to account for the complications with regard to island - constraint violations , etc . that have presented problems for earlier versions of a rm - analysis of extraposition in german and similar languages , b&h propose ( p . 72 ) a generalization according to which finite clauses may never be governed by either v or i . this provides an actual motivation for cp - extraposition , since presumably in its ds position a complement clause is governed by the matrix verb , and in order to escape that government must be right-adjoined to some higher phrasal node , presumably ip . this is in direct conflict with bayer 's analysis , according to which the extraposed cp ends up being governed by the matrix verb as a result of the deletion of its own trace and tree-pruning ; which analysis is to be preferred ought to be an empirical problem . hubert haider 's paper ` extraposition ' ( 115-152 ) argues on the basis of the extraposition of comparatives and the c-command relations essential thereto in english and german ( mostly german ) that extraposed constituents remain embedded in their ds mothers . haider further argues that extraposed relative and argument clauses must also be vp - internal , since although they are n't subject to the same c-command relations themselves , they always come * before * extraposed comparatives which are . broadening his scope in section 2 to other examples of german extraposition , haider demonstrates that they can't result from movement and must therefore be base-generated . but , on the basis of scope , c-command , and absence of island-effects , he also argues against an analysis in terms of base-generated adjunction . haider agrees with kayne in assuming exclusive leftward movement ; however , he allows for either head-initial or head-final base structures , and invokes head movement while kayne invokes phrasal movement . haider presents several predictions that kayne 's lca theory would have for a language such as german , which he then demonstrates are all falsified by the actual data : ( 1 ) phrases to the left of the verb should be in spec - positions , and should therefore be islands ( 2 ) vp - adverbials and predicates should end up in postverbal position , since there 's nothing to trigger their movement ( 3 ) vp - topicalization ought to involve the movement of a functional projection containing a trace of the finite verb . in ` extraposition as remnant movement ' ( p . 215-246 ) , gereon muller offers a very neat analysis of extraposition in german as right - adjunction to a variety of phrasal nodes , including cp as well as vp or ip , thereby accounting for various otherwise problematic details with regard to island effects in both leftward - and rightward-moved constituents . the paper includes a very interesting and useful comparative discussion of the adequacy of a variety of different proposed constraints for excluding unacceptable strings while allowing acceptable ones . martina wiltschko 's paper , ` extraposition , identification and precedence ' ( pp . 358-396 ) , a summary of her 1995 wien dissertation , discusses extraposition in german , focussing on the relation of * identification * between the ` identifyee ' , the ( pro ) nominal element ( np or dp ) in the canonical position within the clause and the ` identifier ' , the extraposed constituent . both identifyee and identifier provide linguistically necessary information : the identifyee occupies a canonical ( theta - ) position , therefore satisfying syntactic requirements , while the identifier provides necessary semantic content to licence the identifyee 's definiteness . given that the identifyee * introduces * a discourse referent , it must ( on the basis of heim 's ( 1980 ) novelty condition ) precede the identifier . wiltschko also argues for a locality constraint on identification , according to which the identifier must c-command the identifyee , without any intervening xp ; thus , the identifier must be right-adjoined to the minimal maximal projection dominating the identifyee . in wiltschko 's view , these two constraints together account for the fact that identifiers are always extraposed . she acknowledges that this analysis apply only to * restrictive relative clauses * , not to other types of modifiers . attractive as the paper is in many ways , it suffers somewhat from the necessary exclusion of many supporting arguments , for which the interested reader is referred to the full-length dissertation . two of the papers are concerned primarily with parsing theory and the development of adequate parsing technology . both of these papers , coming from different points of view , argue for a data-driven , bottom-up parsing strategy as against a hypothesis-driven top-down strategy . in ` on movement and one - pass no backtrack parsing ' ( pp . 301-330 ) , chris sijtsma recognizes that ` natural ' ( i . e . , single-pass , no backtracking , faithful to derivation ) bottom-up parsers are less restrictive than natural top-down parsers , which of course from the point of view of strict generative theory is a point against them , but assumes that there is enough variation among actual languages that a bottom-up parsing strategy is to be preferred . this reviewer finds such a conclusion attractive , but worries that sijtsma has provided so little in the way of empirical demonstration to back it up ; indeed , for such a mathematically-oriented paper ( at least relative to this reviewer 's experience ) , there is extremely little in the way of solid argument presented ; most of the time , sijtsma merely asserts that the proof of any given theorem is either self-evident or readily derivable ; in a few cases , he refers to demonstrations elsewhere in the literature . another issue both of these papers consider very seriously , without , however , either of them coming up with a very satisfactory solution , is the proper size of the look - ahead window for an adequate parser . sijtsma asserts ( pp . 305 - 6 ) that any grammar with a look-ahead window greater than 1 is functionally equivalent to a grammar that looks ahead just one symbol , but then goes on to say , ` in practice we still need . . . parsers that look ahead more than one symbol . ' in subsequent discussion it becomes clear that he is unclear just how large a look - ahead window is empirically adequate . likewise , alphonce & davis , while currently working with a look-ahead window of ` at most two chunks ' ( p . 25 ) , are clearly dissatisfied with this characterization . it is clear that this issue needs more thought , if not further research , devoted to it . a fundamental claim of the paper by carl alphonce & henry davis , ` motivating non - directional movement ' ( pp . 7-36 ) , is that linear precedence constraints , indeed lp phenomena of any kind , have no relevance for syntax at all ; essentially , they claim that , from the point of view of all syntactic levels including lf , constituents are organized hierarchically in terms of dominance relations but not linearly in terms of precedence relations . in alphonce & davis ' view , all precedence relations are imposed at pf , making them essentially matters of performance rather than competence . in the opinion of this reviewer , this is a very interesting and possibly attractive idea . unfortunately , contrary to the promise contained in the abstract , this claim is not so much argued for as assumed within the paper . nor is it made clear - - to this reviewer , anyway - - that it is explicitly argued for anywhere else , unlike the skipped arguments behind wiltschko 's paper and the citations given in sijtsma 's paper . alphonce & davis merely demonstrate that it is possible to develop an analytic approach - - more precisely , a parsing program - - that has no need for any kind of explicit syntactic constraints , at any level ( whether ug or language-particular ) , making reference to linear order . at the end of their abstract , alphonce & davis claim that they are motivated by a conviction that ` it is a priori desirable to eliminate as much redundancy as possible between different components of the system . . . . if some phenomena has [ sic ] an independent processing explanation we hold that syntactic theory should not have to offer any explanation for it . ' this approach is all very well in a purely formal mathematical system , but it is fairly common knowledge that redundancy is in fact a sine qua non of biological systems ( cf . e . g . gould 1993 ) and of natural-linguistic systems as well ( cf . e . g . hock 1986 , ch . 9 & 12 ; this fact is also acknowledged by chris sijtsma in his paper , p . 314 ) . the mere fact that one can develop a parsing program that has no need to appeal to syntactic lp constraints , therefore , in no way demonstrates that such constraints have no place in human natural-language competence . much of sijtsma 's paper is devoted to developing points ( regarding , e . g . , the proper type ( s ) and subcategorization frame ( s ) of pps ) that are clearly relevant to his primary concern , which is developing an adequate automated parsing grammar , but are tangential to the focus of the collection . in arguing , contrary to kayne , that ug does not stipulate one universal tree-structure for all languages , sijtsma gets a fair amount of mileage out of replacing the assumption that node-labels are atomic with the assumption that they are merely shorthand for feature-bundles . though he does n't mention this , this replacement has actually been implicit in x - bar theory ever since the early 70 's . with regard to directionality of movement , sijtsma argues that rightward movement must be allowed by ug , with this caveat : in deriving ss from ds , leftward movement is unrestricted but rightward movement of modifiers ( which do n't leave obvious gaps ) should not exceed the look-ahead buffer ; on the other hand , in deriving lf from ss rightward movement is unrestricted but leftward [ editor 's note : this review is continued in the next issue of linguist ] - steven schaufele , ph . d . , asst . prof . of linguistics , english department soochow university , waishuanghsi campus , taipei 11102 , taiwan , roc ( 886 ) ( 02 ) 2881-9471 ext . 6504 fcosw5 @ mbm1 . scu . edu . tw http : / / www . prairienet . org / ~ fcosws / homepage . html * * * o syntagmata linguarum liberemini humanarum ! * * * * * * nihil vestris privari nisi obicibus potestis ! * * *
 "",0
 1960,""Subject: _ rightward movement _ review - - ii
  
  [ editor 's note : the following is the second part of a review of beerman et al . _ righward movement _ . the first part is to be found in the previous issue of linguist . ] most of frank drijkoningen 's paper ` morphological strength : np positions in french ' ( pp . 81-114 ) is devoted to a clever account of the relative ordering of subjects and verbs , and parts thereof , in french , with especially focus on inversion constructions , demonstrating that the data can be described in a manner consistent with kayne 's antisymmetry theory - - provided one adopts a certain amount of occam - stretching multiplication of functional heads with resultant multiple spec - positions as ` homes ' for subjects . drijkoningen argues fairly convincingly for the following hierarchical ordering of functional heads in french : [ c [ t [ agr ( s ) [ agr ( o ) [ agr ( a ) [ vp ] ] ] ] ] ] , identifying participial agreement not with agr ( o ) but with agr ( a ) , the checking-site for predicate - adjective agreement . he also offers a hypothesis with regard to a trigger for french stylistic inversion ( in which the subject np follows the verbal complex ) . his assumption is that ( in both french and english ) spec - head agr features in infl are ` strong ' , while head - features in infl are ` strong ' in french but ` weak ' in english . however , overt saturation of spec - head agr features in cp ( e . g . , by fronting an overt wh-expression ) significantly reduces the strength of spec - head agr features in ip , obviating the need for the subject np to rise to spec - agr ( s ) for checking . the paper is characterized by heavy reliance on ` floating / stranded _ tous _ ' , i . e . , a quantifier separated superficially from the np it modifies . this reviewer found little or no evidence of any awareness of the possibility of q - movement independent of movement of the modified np ; many of the starred strings could actually be derived , assuming a kayne approach , if q were allowed to move on its own . there was no sign of any argument that such movement is impossible ; perhaps it can be ruled out by lack of motivation . this paper is a thick , but rather strong argument for underlying svo and exclusively leftward - movement in french . of course , few linguists would contest that french is svo , and what evidence there may be for rightward - movement in this language has always been a best peripheral ( pun intended ) . given the strong arguments for rm and head-finality in other languages presented by bayer and buring & hartmann , this paper seems like a lot of sound and fury . erik hoekstra 's paper , ` analysing linear asymmetries in the verb clusters of dutch and frisian and their dialects ' ( pp . 153-170 ) , presents an analysis in terms of kayne 's lca hypothesis of the syntax of the complex verb clusters so especially characteristic of these languages . in the course of his discussion , it gradually becomes clear that , on the basis of the ordering of elements within these clusters , he distinguishes between dutch and frisian as respectively ` head-initial ' and ` head-final ' . it is clear to this reviewer why these labels are appropriate specifically with regard to the internal syntax of verb clusters , but describing dutch as ` head-initial ' is likely to be a surprise to many people who thought they knew otherwise . in discussing the feasibility , or lack thereof , of inserting non - verbal material ( including particles ) between members of a verb cluster , hoekstra not only demonstrates that this follows very reasonably from the lca - account he is proposing but claims ( p . 158 ) that ` the rigidity of head-final clusters [ i . e . , their intolerance of such insertion ] . . . is a mystery for any approach not incorporating asymmetry . ' in fact , it makes perfect sense if we assume an underlying head-final order and the derivation of alternative orders by the rm of verbal projections . this reviewer is not necessarily suggesting that this is a * better * approach than hoekstra 's lca - account , but it is certainly quite feasible , contrary to his apparent belief . in the last section , hoekstra spends a fair amount of time on a very interesting discussion of the infinitivum - pro - participio ( ipp ) effect , whereby in some germanic languages ( e . g . , dutch ) a ( perfective ) participle taking an infinitive verb as its complement must itself surface in the form of an infinitive . the primary questions at issue for hoekstra are : what is the formal grammatical nature of the ipp effect ? and why is it characteristic only of some ( germanic ) languages and not of others ? hoekstra argues that the ipp effect only occurs in languages in which the perfective participle is marked by a prefix , e . g . the germanic prefix ` ge - ' or reflexes thereof , and that this prefix occupies the spec position of the verb to which it is morphologically attached . since under these circumstances that spec position is already occupied , it is impossible for the infinitive complement to move into that position as it must , the derivation crashes ; the loophole exploited by dutch and other ipp languages ( this is , in fact , the traditional analysis in germanic scholarship ) is the substitution of an ` alternative ' form of the participle which is morphophonologically identical to the infinitive ( and therefore , in hoekstra 's view , has no obstructionist prefix ) . the fact that frisian does not exhibit ipp effects , according to this analysis , is directly related to the fact that in frisian the perfective participle is marked only by a suffix . this reviewer admits to not being familiar with the scholarly literature on the subject of ipp , but notes some curiosity as to how hoekstra 's claim ( p . 159 ) that ` the ipp effect is systematically absent in head - final germanic dialects ' can be squared with the fact that german , which is clearly head-final in the sense that hoekstra uses the term , typically marks perfective participles with a prefix and , indeed , exhibits ipp . the last few pages of the paper are devoted to a very nice little discussion of the recent evolution of ipp in a couple of frisian dialects , which hoekstra argues is due in both cases to remarkably heavy contact with dutch . in this reviewer 's opinion , this section represents a very desirable conjunction of scholarship and concerns in sociolinguistics and linguistic evolution on the one hand and formal grammatical theory on the other . in his paper ` movement in japanese relative clauses ' ( pp . 171-185 ) , satoshi stanley koike argues that all relative clauses in japanese , including the ` externally-headed ' ones whose ` heads ' are ( apparently ) ` extracted ' to their right , can be accounted for in terms of a kayne lca - type analysis allowing only spec - head - comp base structures and leftward movement . noting certain problems resulting from adopting kayne 's analysis , koike makes clear that they are almost certainly obviated by his ( * very interesting * ) proposal of a * discourse-based * motivation for the leftward movement his adoption of kayne 's lca approach forces him to assume . koike 's hypothesis that the movement of ip in these japanese cases is essentially stylistic movement , i . e . , motivated by pragmatic or discourse considerations rather than purely syntactic ones , at least implies that it is pf - movement which would ( 1 ) account for the fact that , in order for his analysis to make the right predictions , * have * to follow the movement of the semantic ` head ' np - - the latter being a proper ` syntactic ' movement - ( 2 ) be invisible as far as binding theory is concerned , binding theory being relevant primarily at lf and totally irrelevant at pf , and ( 3 ) not be subject to relativized minimality either . in their paper ` rightward wh - movement in american sign language ' ( pp . 247-278 ) , carol neidle , judy kegl , benjamin bahan , debra aarons , & dawn maclaughlin argue that americal sign language ( asl ) exhibits a head-final cp with a right-marginal spec as landing-site for wh - movement . they note ( p . 267 ) that this proposal ` is partially consistent with kayne 's claims about universal ordering ' , in that it places spec and complement on opposite sides of the head ; however , their proposal differs from kayne 's universal antisymmetry approach in positing a head-final structure for cp while assuming head-initial structures for all its complement-daughters . neidle et al . base much of their anti - lca argument on the fact that certain syntactic features ( including polarity , + / - wh , etc . ) are in asl expressed by ` non-manual markers ' ( e . g . , facial expressions ) which frequently spread over certain portions of the clauses they are associated with , and the very plausible notion that those portions can be defined as the c-command domains of the functional heads associated with these features . thus , the possibility , or lack thereof , of such spreading in asl is taken as symptomatic of the presence or absence of c-command relations ( p . 250 ) . it is on the basis of such spreading that they argue that the landing-site for wh - movement in asl , which is clearly to the right of the clause , nevertheless c-commands the latter , and they demonstrate that these c-command facts are incompatible with a kayne - type analysis . they briefly entertain analyses more consistent with kayne 's lca - hypothesis , involving the raising of c and ip into higher positions ( which , they note , must nevertheless be below positions , e . g . the landing-site of topicalization , known to be above cp in asl ) , but point out that there is ( 1 ) no evidence as to the functional nature of such positions , ( 2 ) no independent motivation for their existence , and ( 3 ) no evident motivation for the movement they are discussing . in their paper ` language types and generative grammar : a review of some consequences of the univeral vo hypothesis ' ( pp . 331-357 ) , caterina donati & alessandra tomaselli address the repercussions of kayne 's antisymmetry hypothesis for constituent-order typological studies . they demonstrate very neatly and elegantly the manifold empirical problems kayne 's approach has with languages representing a variety of types , including ( 1 ) ov languages with v2 ( german , dutch ) , ( 2 ) svo languages without pro-drop ( english , french ) , ( 3 ) svo languages with pro-drop ( italian ) , and ( 4 ) vso languages ( irish ) . repeatedly , they demonstrate that more traditional analyses provide more accurate results than analyses assuming kayne 's antisymmetry hypothesis . it should be noted that donati & tomaselli are throughout addressing specifically the relative ordering of verbs and nominals in ordinary , garden-variety clauses ; the details of extraposed structures such as those discussed by bayer , buring & hartmann , and haider are not addressed in this paper . while as already noted half the papers in this collection , understandably , discuss ` extraposition ' , it is unfortunate that there are no papers focussing ( pun intended ) on adverbal focus-movement , a serious alternative candidate for a rm analysis ( for which cf . schaufele 1990 , 1998 ) . neidle et al . 's paper relates to focus in an indirect way , in that it is commonly assumed that wh-elements are a priori focussed and that therefore their s - structure location , especially if there is anything remarkable about it , should be considered as at least a possible landing-site for focus-movement . as a sort of appendix , koike offers a short discussion of rightward focus-movement in turkish , in which he suggests that the same kind of discourse-analysis motivation he proposes for the movement leftward of ` backgrounded ' relative clauses ( away from their semantic ` heads ' ) in japanese can also motivate the movement leftward of * non-focussed * arguments in turkish , leaving the focussed subject stranded in immediately pre-verbal position ( at least in terms of superficial order ) . this reviewer notes , however , that koike makes reference to a single turkish example , a very simple clause involving only three constituents , an object np , a subject np , and a verb , and doubts very much that such an account as he proposes would be able to make much sense out of the much more complex examples of subject-focussing discussed in schaufele 1990 , 1998 . i have complaints about muller 's and hoekstra 's papers at an expository level , in that both assumed on the part of the reader a high degree of familiarity with the languages being discussed . muller provides no english translations for any of his german example sentences , or for that matter of the one hindi example sentence . while this reviewer has little trouble reading and interpreting example sentences in these languages , such facility cannot be expected of most readers of this collection . likewise , hoekstra offered no translations of any of his example sentences , and in many cases this reviewer , who is not unfamiliar with a wide variety of germanic languages , was quite unable to make any sense out of them . furthermore , it is frequently not made clear which language the example in question is meant to represent ; since the paper as a whole depends crucially on distinctions between dutch and frisian , this is a source of serious obscurity . and only on p . 158 , the 6th page of a fairly short paper , does hoekstra finally tell us that the gloss ` mp ' stands for ` modal particle ' , after having used this abbreviation freely in several earlier examples . this abbreviation may be familiar to specialists in netherlandic , but it is n't to a lot of other interested readers . in koike 's paper the inclusion of japanese words in the midst of the english - language text without any typographical highlighting by either quotes or italics , especially in a book with many typographical errors , proved a little unsettling ; this was also a problem in muller 's paper , where it was particularly confusing in the one section that discussed extraposition in english . the book as a whole is plagued with typographical errors . there are two examples ( 59 ) in drijkoningen 's paper . haider 's ( 58a ) is starred , but is in fact an ok string , and it 's obvious from context that haider regards it as ok . in buring & hartmann 's paper , there are exs . ( 21a ) and ( 22a ) , but no ( 21b ) or ( 22b ) ; diagram ( 24 ) is nowhere referred to in the text ( though it 's pretty obvious what it refers to ) . [ bayer in press ] is referred to several times in bayer 's paper , but it does n't appear anywhere in the references ; perhaps it 's represented by bayer 1996 ? the statement of wiltschko 's locality constraint is misprinted on p . 360 in such a way as to be nonsensical . in koike 's paper the alignment of the glosses in ( 20a ) was impossible to make any sense out of , and i had to study ( 10 ) a while before i realized that , although it said literally ` [ dp ip d [ cp np / qp [ c [ ip . . . ' , those biliterals ` dp ' , ` cp ' , and ` ip ' were in some instances meant to be labels on the immediately preceding brackets , not left-daughters of the constituents enclosed within said brackets . mahajan 's paper is particularly plagued with typographical errors ; to mention merely the most egregious example i found , in ( 54 ) the entire direct object np is missing from the hindi string , rendering this example 's relevance to the discussion is completely opaque . as already noted here and there , many of the substantive flaws in this collection are due primarily or entirely to lack of space in which to present relevant arguments . fulfilling the preface 's promise of open-mindedness , the book brings together papers from several different viewpoints , both supporting and undermining kayne 's antisymmetry hypothesis . while many of the contributors obviously hold rather strongly to whatever side of this controversy they espouse , many of them are to be commended for the skill and seriousness they nevertheless give to the necessary task of considering possible alternative analyses that would support the other side . while many of the papers focus on languages , and constructions within those languages , that have already been much discussed in the generative literature , there are some admirable exceptions ; i would especially mention the papers by bayer , hoekstra , and neidle et al . in this regard , also the typological interest behind the paper by donati & tomaselli although they restrict themselves primarily to western european languages . anyone concerned about understanding the debates arising out of kayne 's antisymmetry hypothesis and the grounds both for taking it seriously and for rejecting it cannot afford to ignore this collection . references . bayer , josef . ( 1996 ) directionality and logical form : on the scope of focusing particles and wh - in - situ . dordrecht : kluwer . gould , stephen j . ( 1993 ) ` an earful of jaw ' , eight little piggies , pp . 95-108 . new york : norton . heim , i . ( 1980 ) the semantics of definite and indefinite noun phrases . university of massachusetts ph . d . dissertation . hock , hans henrich . ( 1986 ) principles of historical linguistics . berlin : mouton de gruyter . kayne , richard . ( 1994 ) the antisymmetry of syntax . cambridge , ma : mit press . rochemont , michael s . & peter w . culicover . ( 1990 ) english focus constructions and the theory of grammar . cambridge : cambridge university press . schaufele , steven . ( 1990 ) ` a """" focus """" position for subjects within the vedic vp ' south asian languages roundtable xii , university of california at berkeley , 10 june 1990 . _ _ _ _ _ _ . ( 1998 ) ` rightward ho ! the typology of structural focus and complement - head order ; a critical discussion of antisymmetry , rightward movement , and the syntax / pragmatics interface ' glow - hyderabad , 22 jan . 1998 . steven schaufele 's research interests during the past dozen years have included , most significantly , the typology of constituent-order freedom and the repercussions thereof for formal syntactic theory , as well as the critical comparison of various approaches to syntactic theory . he is currently teaching linguistics in the english department of soochow university in taipei , taiwan . - steven schaufele , ph . d . , asst . prof . of linguistics , english department soochow university , waishuanghsi campus , taipei 11102 , taiwan , roc ( 886 ) ( 02 ) 2881-9471 ext . 6504 fcosw5 @ mbm1 . scu . edu . tw http : / / www . prairienet . org / ~ fcosws / homepage . html
 "",0
 1961,""Subject: lp ' 98
  
  the linguistics and phonetics ( lp ' 98 ) conference will be held from september 15-20 , 1998 . the conference has been organized by osamu fujimura of the department of speech and hearing science , and it is hosted by the center for cognitive science . paper presentation sessions will be at the holiday inn , worthington ( i-270 and sr 23 ) on sep . 15-16 and 19-20 . sessions will be at the osu drake union on sep . 17 , and at the homewood suites hotel ( adjacent the the holiday inn , worthington ) on sep . 18 . this conference is open to the public and there is no registration fee . contact conference secretary thomas stewart at 688-3931 or at tstewart @ ling . ohio-state . edu for more information . the conference program and related information is available on the www at : http : / / ling . ohio-state . edu / ~ tstewart
 "",0
 1962,""Subject: hil phonology 4
  
  second and final call for papers : hil / leiden university will host the 4th hil phonology conference , hilp 4 , from 28-30 january , 1999 . call for papers abstracts are invited in all areas of phonology , and particularly on the conference theme : """" how phonetic is phonology ? """" - to what extent can phonology be derived from phonetics ? - where does phonology stop and phonetics begin ? - how concrete is phonology ? besides the main conference , there will be three workshops . workshop themes will be : 1 ) the role of paradigmatic relations in phonology ( is analogy a synchronic device and if so , how is it expressed ? ) 2 ) iconicity ( is iconicity a synchronic device and if so , how is it expressed ? ) 3 ) lexical insertion and phonology ( does the insertion of phonological information and other grammatical information take place at different levels or stages of the derivation ? ) please submit six copies of an abstract of maximally three pages ( including examples and references ) before 1 october 1998 . one abstract should identify author and affiliation . the program will be announced on 1 november . please submit to : hilp 4 committee hil / atw p . o . box 9515 2300 ra leiden the netherlands abstracts submitted by e-mail before 1 october ( ascii only ) will be accepted on the condition that a hard copy follows within a week . for information concerning the programme , hotel information and ( pre ) registration : http : / / www . leidenuniv . nl / hil / confs / hilp4 / e-mail : hilp4 @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl
 "",0
 1963,""Subject: pragma99
  
  2nd call for papers pragma99 international pragmatics conference on pragmatics and negotiation june 13-16 , 1999 tel aviv university and hebrew university of jerusalem tel aviv and jerusalem israel the main theme of this conference is the pragmatics of negotiation , interpreted in a very broad sense . interlocutors engage in negotiations about every aspect of their interaction - such as floor access and topic selection , contextual assumptions , conversational goals , and the ( mis ) interpretation and repair of their messages . topics such as cross-cultural and cross-gender ( mis ) communications , conversational procedures in disputes and collaborations , argumentation practices , and effects of assumptions and goals on the negotiating strategies of interlocutors are of special interest for this conference . the conference will be interdisciplinary , bringing together pragmaticists , linguists , philosophers , anthropologists , sociologists and political scientists . we are soliciting papers on all issues relevant to the theme of the conference , as well as papers in other areas of pragmatics and dialogue analysis . the conference will include plenary addresses , regular session lectures , and organized panels around any of the relevant topics . among the plenary speakers : elinor ochs ( ucla ) , itamar rabinovitch ( tel aviv university ) , emanual schegloff ( ucla ) , thomas schelling ( university of maryland ) , deborah schiffrin ( georgetown university ) , deborah tannen ( georgetown university ) , ruth wodak ( university of vienna ) . presentation of regular session lectures is 30 minutes long , with a subsequent discussion of 10 minutes . panels take the form of a series of closely related lectures on a specific topic , which may or may not be directly related to the special topic of the conference . they may consist of one , two or three units of 120 minutes . within each panel unit a maximum of four 20 - minute presentations are given consecutively , followed by a minimum of 30 minutes of discussion ( either devoted entirely to an open discussion , or taken up in part by comments by a discussant or discussants ) . panels are composed of contributions attracted by panel organizers , combined with individually submitted papers when judged appropriate by the program committee in consultation with the panel organizers . typically , written versions or extensive outlines of all panel contributions should be available before the conference to facilitate discussion . submissions abstracts for papers and panels should be submitted in the following format : 1 . for papers - five copies of an anonymous abstract ( up to 300 words ) . 2 . for panels - a preliminary proposal of one page , detailing title , area of interest , name of organizer ( s ) and invited participants to be sent by sept . 30 , 1998 . organizers of approved panels will then be invited to submit a full set of abstracts , including : a . a brief description of the topic area , b . a list of participants ( with full details , see below ) , c . abstracts by each of the participants by november 1 , 1998 . 3 . in all cases , a page stating : a . title , b . audiovisual / computer request , and c . for each author : i . full name and affiliation ; ii . current address ; iii . e - mail address ; iv . fax number . deadline for submission of abstracts : nov . 1 , 1998 . abstracts may be sent by hard copy , disk , or e-mail to pragma99 , faculty of humanities , tel aviv university , tel aviv 69978 , israel . e - mail : pragma99 @ post . tau . ac . il date of notification : march 1 , 1999 . program committee : mira ariel , hava bat - zeev shyldkrot , jonathan berg , anat biletzki , shoshana blum - kulka , marcelo dascal , nomi erteschik - shir , tamar katriel , ruth manor , george - elia sarfati , elda weizman , yael ziv . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = pragma99 registration form please send the following information , accompanied by cheque payable to tel - aviv university in the amount of us $ 75 if paid before november 1 , 1998 , otherwise us $ 100 , to pragma99 faculty of humanities tel aviv university tel aviv 69978 , israel dr . / mr . / mrs . / ms . / name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ university / organization : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( home ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( office ) telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( home ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( office ) signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ those wishing to pay by credit card should provide the following information : type of credit card : mastercard / visa / american express name as it appears on credit card : sum of paymnt : us $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card no . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * * * * * * those wishing to present a paper should follow the instructions above . hotel information will be provided after registration . the international association for dialogue analysis is co-sponsoring a part of our conference , which will be devoted to """" negotiation as a dialogic concept . """" for further information , contact edda weigand ( e-mail : weigand @ uni-muenster . de ) . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = [ forms can also be returned by fax to 972 - 3-6407839 , or by e-mail to pragma99 @ post . tau . ac . il . ]
 "",0
 1964,""Subject: the 13th annual international conference on pragmatics and language learning
  
  a call for papers for the 13th annual conference on pragmatics and lanaguage learning will be held at the university of illinois ( urbana - champaign ) on april 8 - 10 , 1999 . for further information , click here : http : / / deil . lang . uiuc . edu / pragmatics / conference99 . html - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lawrence f . bouton 3070 foreign languages building ( 217 ) 244-2737 email : l-bouton @ uiuc . edu
 "",0
 1965,""Subject: nystesol applied ling
  
  second call for proposals ( please forward to interested lists and individuals ) 21st annual nystesol applied linguistics winter conference lehman college / cuny bronx , ny saturday , january 23rd , 1999 esol standards : achievements , assessments - - - - - - - keynote speaker : eric nadelstern of the international h . s . at laguardia community college , queens will talk on """" performance - based assessment standards for esol students and their teachers . """" - - - - - - - proposals due : * * * october 14 * * * mail to ms . bhar arsoy , proposal chair fort george station , ps box 251 new york , ny 10040 general suggested topics * academic achievement of esol students in language learning and other content areas * articulation efforts across grades or levels * standards for admission , retention , promotion , and graduation of esol students and their impact at all levels of education * assessment practices , models , and instruments for esol students in language learning and other content areas : analyses , innovations , and critiques * esol teacher education : standards for entrance , retention , promotion , and graduation * using technology to support and assess achievement * achieving and assessing progmatic and sociolinguistic development instructions for proposal submissions : please follow exactly ! individual papers , workshops , and publishers demonstrations are alloted 45 minutes ( publishers and other commercial presenteras are required to pay the exhibitor 's fee ) panel sessions ( several speakers - - one theme ) can be scheduled as either one 45 minute session or one 1 1 / 2 hour session . all presenters must register for the conference . while all presentations will be considered , those which deal directly with the topic will be given preference . 1 . submit 8 copies of a summary of your proposals , maximum length 1 page double spaced . neither your name nor affiliation should appear anywhere on these 8 copies . however , in the upper left hand corner of each copy , you should give the following information : ( 1 ) title , ( 2 ) type of presentation ( paper , workshop , publisher , or panel ) ; ( 3 ) length ( 45 min . or 1 1 / 2 hours ) ; ( 4 ) intended audience ( s ) ( prek , elementary , secondary , adult , higher ed , bilingual , mainstream , teacher educators , materials / curriculum developers , researchers ) ; and ( 5 ) av equipment needed 2 . on a 9th copy ( identical to the copies in # 1 ) , in the upper-right hand corner , place your name , affiliation , mailing address , phone , fax & e-mail , and times you will not be available to present on january 23 ( a . m . or p . m , ) 3 . in addition , submit a 50 word ( max ) abstact of your presentation to appear in the conference program . include the name ( s ) of presenter ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , title and type of presnation , length , and intended audience ( s ) . 4 . absolutely no e-mail or faxes accepted . snail mair only . please ensure that your proposal packet reaches the proposal chair no later than wed . . sept . 23 , 1998 . questions should be addressed to dr . joye smith , alsig chair 718 960 7242 5 . some presentations submitted may look promissing , but the summary and title are occasionally unclear , unattractive to the intended audience or inconsistent with one another . please make every effort to create clear , well-written , engaging , and appropriate titles and summaries . please forward this message to interested lists or individuals michael newman assistant professor of applied linguistics dept . of linguistics and communications disorders queens college / cuny flushing , ny 11367
 "",0
 1966,""Subject: conference leuven 2 - 4 / 7 / 1998
  
  call for papers """" history of linguistic and grammatical praxis """" ( leuven , 2 - 4 july , 1998 ) the xi . international colloquium of the """" studienkreis geschichte der sprachwissenschaft """" will be held at leuven university ( belgium ) from july 2 to july 4 , 1998 . le xie colloque international du """" studienkreis geschichte der sprachwissenschaft """" se tiendra a l ' universite de leuven ( belgique ) , du 2 au 4 juillet 1998 . vom 2 . bis zum 4 . juli 1998 findet an der universitat leuven das xi . internationale kolloquium des studienkreises """" geschichte der sprachwissenschaft """" statt . conference languages : english , french , german . deadline for registration and for submitting a paper proposal : february 15 , 1998 . langues du colloque : francais , anglais , allemand . date limite pour les inscriptions : le 15 fevrier 1998 . kongrebsprachen : deutsch , englisch , franzosisch . anmeldeschlub : 15 . februar 1998 . the central theme of the colloquium is the history of linguistic and grammatical , practice-oriented work , with special focus on first and second language teaching , on language planning , language policy , and international auxiliary languages . in addition , there will be a general session reserved for papers on other historiographical topics . publication of the conference proceedings is scheduled . le theme central du colloque est l ' histoire de la praxis linguistique et grammaticale , et plus precisement l ' histoire de l ' enseignement des langues ( langue maternelle / langue seconde ) , la planification des langues , la politique des langues , et les langues auxiliaires internationales . une seance sera reservee aux conferences portant sur d ' autres themes historiographiques . la publication des actes du colloque est prevue . themenschwerpunkt des kolloquiums ist die geschichte der linguistischen und grammatikalischen praxis . im besonderen soll den bereichen mutter - und fremdsprachenunterricht , sprachplannung , sprachpolitik und kunstsprachen aufmerksamkeit gewidmet werden . vortrage zu anderen historiographischen themen sind jedoch auch willkommen . die veroffentlichung der tagungsberichte ist vorgesehen . papers are invited for both the main conference session and the general session . please send the completed registration form below to one of the following addresses by february 15 , 1998 : prof . dr . pierre swiggers , xi . sgds colloquium , departement linguistiek , katholieke universiteit leuven , blijde - inkomststraat 21 , b-3000 leuven , belgium ; fax + 32 - ( 0 ) 16-32 . 47 . 67 or : prof . dr . peter schmitter , postfach 410115 , d-48065 munster , deutschland ; fax : + 49 - ( 0 ) 2534-1890 or , via e-mail to piet . desmet @ arts . kuleuven . ac . be , or , lieve . jooken @ arts . kuleuven . ac . be - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration form xi . international colloquium of the sgds ( leuven ( b ) , 2 - 4 july , 1998 ) name : address : e - mail : phone : fax : 0 i want to receive further information about the xi . sgds colloquium 0 i want to register as a participant in the xi . sgds colloquium 0 i will participate with the following paper ( working title ) : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . abstracts will be required of selected papers by april 1 , 1998 .
 "",0
 1967,""Subject: relevance theory workshop
  
  relevance theory workshop 8-10 september 1998 , university of luton , england call for papers and registration the second relevance theory workshop aims to bring together those interested in cognitive approaches to communication , in particular ( but not exclusively ) relevance theory . the workshop will feature refereed and invited papers , including a keynote address by professor deirdre wilson . papers contributions are invited for papers on the following topics : ( 1 ) non-truth - conditional meaning ; ( 2 ) conceptual and procedural encoding ; ( 3 ) metarepresentation and interpretive use ; ( 4 ) the nature of and relation between the distinctions : semantics / pragmatics and explicature / implicature ; ( 5 ) critiques of relevance theory ; ( 6 ) any other topic dealt with from a relevance theoretic perspective or which has some bearing on relevance theory . papers on topics ( 1 ) - ( 5 ) will be presented in special topic panels and should be 20 minutes . other papers will be allocated 40 minutes for presentation and discussion ( either 20 + 20 , or 30 + 10 ) . complete papers will be distributed in advance of the workshop in order to increase the chances for useful feedback . instructions for contributors in order to distribute proceedings in advance , full-length papers are invited rather than the more usual abstracts . papers may take the form of pre-publication drafts , and should be a maximum of 6 pages in length , including references and a short ( ten line ) abstract . manuscripts should be typed ( 12 point font ) , single-spaced , with 1 inch ( 2 . 5 cm ) margins on all sides , and no page numbering . three copies of the manuscript should be submitted , one with the author 's name and two anonymously . please also include the following information on a seperate sheet : name , address ( postal and e-mail if available ) , affiliation , title of paper , the topic to which your paper relates ( see ( 1 ) - ( 6 ) above ) , and a contact telephone number . manuscripts should be submitted to : dr . steve nicolle , middlesex university , trent park , bramley road , london n14 4yz , united kingdom deadline for submission : 24 april 1998 contributors will be informed of the status of their paper by the end of may 1998 . additional information the second relevance theory workshop is scheduled to take place immediately prior to the autumn 1998 meeting of the linguistics association of great britain ( 10-12 september 1998 , also at the university of luton ) . the lagb meeting features a keynote address by professor dan sperber and a workshop on experimental pragmatics . luton is easily accessible from london and has its own international airport . registration form if you wish to register , please complete this form and send it back with ( evidence of ) your payment to the following address : dr . vlad zegarac dept . of linguistics university of luton faculty of humanities 75 castle street luton bedfordshire lu1 3aj united kingdom name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address for correspondence : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i would like to register for : ( please circle a or b ) a - - - - - - - - - - the whole conference package b - - - - - - - - - - the conference fee + the options as indicated below ( please put a tick on the line next to your chosen options ) the """" package """" price : stlg95 ( if sent to arrive by the end of june 1998 ) this includes : conference fee ( obligatory ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ options ( included in the package ) : lunch ( 8th sept . ) stlg7 . 50 _ _ _ dinner ( 8th sept . ) stlg7 . 50 _ _ _ accommodation ( inc . breakfast ) ( 8 / 9 sept . ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ lunch ( 9th sept . ) stlg10 _ _ _ _ _ dinner ( 9th sept . ) stlg10 _ _ _ _ _ accommodation ( inc . breakfast ) ( 9 / 10 sept ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ extra options ( not included in the package ) : accommodation ( inc . breakfast ) ( 7 / 8 sept . ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ accommodation ( inc . breakfast ) ( 10 / 11 sept . ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ lunch ( 10 sept . ) stlg7 . 50 _ _ for payments made after the end of june 1998 add an extra stlg10 methods of payment : return a hard copy of this form and either : 1 . enclose a cheque ( made payable to university of luton ) or 2 . complete and sign the following instruction : please debit stlg _ _ _ _ _ _ from my visa / mastercard number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ valid until _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name in print : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ or 3 . pay by direct bank transfer to the university of luton , midland bank plc . , george street , luton , beds , united kingdom account number : 81276360 sort code : 40 - 30 - 32 ( please encolse a bank receipt ) ( hard copies of this registration form may also be obtained from vlad zegarac at the above address . )
 "",0
 1968,""Subject: toc : linguistics 36 : 2 ( 1998 ) , 36 : 3 ( 1998 )
  
  linguistics volume 36 - 2 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york julia barron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . have contraction : explaining """" trace effects """" in a theory without movement kerstin blume . . . . . . . . . . . . . a contrastive analysis of interaction verbs with dative complements yaron matras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . utterance modifiers and universals of grammatical borrowing janice l . jake . . . . . . . . . . . . constructing interlanguage : building a composite matrix language book reviews notice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ linguistics volume 36 - 3 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york laurie bauer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is there a class of neoclassical compounds , and if so is it productive ? caroline wiltshire . . . . . . . . extending align constraints to new domains helen bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . slips of the ear as evidence for the postperceptual priority of grammaticality christiane von stutterheim and ute kohlmann . . . . . . . . . . selective hearer-adaptation ralf klabunde and robert porzel . . . . . . . . . . . . . tailoring spatial descriptions to the addressee : a constraint-based approach michael h . kelly . . . . . . . . . . to """" brunch """" or to """" brench """" : some aspects of blend structure short notes carol tenny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . psych verbs and verbal passives in pittsburghese victor m . longa . . . . . . . . . . . newmeyer 's view of the evolution of generative grammar : some critical remarks book reviews notice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
 "",0
 1969,""Subject: toc : cognitive linguistics 9 : 1 ( 1998 )
  
  cognitive linguistics volume 9 : 1 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york steve nicolle . . . . . . . . a relevance theory perspective on grammaticalization zoltan kovecses and guenter radden . . . . . . . metonymy : developing a cognitive linguistic view dorit ravid and david hanauer . . . . . . . . a prototype theory of rhyme : evidence from hebrew _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de this and further publications can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
 "",0
 1970,""Subject: toc : intern . journal of the sociology of language ( ijsl ) 128 , 129 , 130 ( 1998 )
  
  international journal of the sociology of language issue 128 ( 1997 ) issues in language contact and social power relations edited by florian coulmas mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york frances trix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . alphabet conflict in the balkans : albanian and the congress of monastir didier l . goyvaerts . . . . . . . power , ethnicity , and the remarkable rise of lingala in bukavu , eastern zaire bahram sohrabi . . . . . . . . . . . . ethnolinguistic vitality and patterns of communication among the second generation of iranian immigrants in sweden david guyot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . plurilinguisme et metissage : le cas des metis du togo book review sonia branca - rosoff . . . . . . . construire le sens , by josiane boutet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ international journal of the sociology of language issue 129 ( 1998 ) women 's languages in various parts of the world edited by sachiko ide and beverly hill mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york sachiko ide and beverly hill . preface : seeking the parameters part 1 . gender patterns in language use jenny cheshire and penelope gardner - chloros . . . . . code - switching and the sociolinguistic gender pattern iris e . w . m . bogaers . . . . . . . . . . gender in job interviews : some implications of verbal interactions of women and men part 2 . gender differences in less-described languages mira ariel and rachel giora . . a self versus other point of view in language : redefining femininity and masculinity onuigbo g . nwoye . . . . . . . . . . . . . linguistic gender difference in igbo elizabeth keating . . . . . . . . . . . . a woman 's role in constructing status hierarchies : using honorific language in pohnpei , micronesia tooru hayasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gender differences in modern turkish discourse part 3 . women 's languages in women 's world liming zhao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nushu : chinese women 's characters risako ide and tomomi terada . the historical origins of japanese women 's speech : from the secluded worlds of """" court ladies """" and """" play ladies """" ruth mukama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . women 's discourses as the conservators of cultural values in language review article jennifer coates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . plus ca change . . . : language and gender in japan . review of aspects of japanese women ' s language , edited by sachiko ide and naomi mcgloin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ international journal of the sociology of language issue 130 ( 1998 ) linguistic issues of southeast asia edited by asmah haji omar mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york asmah haji omar . . . . . . . . . . . introduction peter w . martin . . . . . . . . . . . a sociolinguistic perspective on brunei cesar a . hidalgo . . . . . . . . . . language choice in a multilingual society : the case of the philippines soenjono dardjowidjojo . . . . strategies for a successful national language policy : the indonesian case asmah haji omar . . . . . . . . . . . language planning and image building : the case of malay in malaysia maya khemlani - david . . . . . . . language shift , cultural maintenance , and ethnic identity ; a study of a minority community : the sindhis of malaysia hafriza burhanudeen . . . . . . . greetings among royalty in malaysia elaine morais . . . . . . . . . . . . . language choice in a malaysian car-assembly plant jamaliah mohd . ali . . . . . . . . strategic communication and linguistic choices in a malaysian student seminar j . a . foley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . code - switching and learning among young children in singapore book review thilagawathi kanagaretnam . rules of speaking : verbal interactions at play , edited by zainab abdul majid and loga mahesan baskaran _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
 "",0
 1971,""Subject: toc : the linguistic review 15 - 1 ( 1998 )
  
  the linguistic review volume 15 - 1 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york masatoshi koizumi . . . . . . invisible agr in japanese tobias scheer . . . . . . . . . . a unified model of proper government maggie tallerman . . . . . . . the uniform case - licensing of subjects in welsh _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
 "",0
 1972,""Subject: new books : comparative and general grammar
  
  comparative and general grammar * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * van geenhoven , veerle ( max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen ) ; semantic incorporation and indefinite descriptions : semantic and syntactic aspects of noun incorporation in west greenlandic ; isbn : 1-57586 - 132 - 1 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 133 - x ( cloth ) ; 248 pp . csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . distributed by cambridge university press . this volume presents """" semantic incorporation """" as an analysis accounting for many strking similarities between the semantic properties of incorporated nouns in west greenlandic and bare plurals and split noun phrases in west germanic language . this analysis uniformly treats these nominal expressions as predicative indefinites . at the outset , van geenhoven explores the empirical basis for why semantic incorporation is needed . the inability of existing semantic theories of indefinites as well as current structural approaches to noun incorporation to account for the data observed is then explored , and finally , the work presents semantic incorporation as a subtheory of indefinites . this volume will be of interest to semanticists , lexicalists , syntacticians and linguists . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * zoll , cheryl ( massachusetts institute of technology ) ; parsing below the segment in a constraint-based framework ; isbn : 1-57586 - 130 - 5 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 131 - 3 ( cloth ) ; 172 pp . csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . distributed by cambridge university press . this book proposes a new way of understanding the behavior of consonants and vowels in a broad cross-section of the world 's languages . also introduced is a new model of subsegmental phonology within optimality theory that differs from standard autosegmental phonology both in its limited use of representational distinctions and in the form of the grammar to which the representations submit . the research focuses particularly on oating features and ghost segments , and demonstrates that the current understanding of segmental representation fails to characterize the full range of subsegmental phenomena found cross-linguistically . zoll proposes instead an analysis in which the grammar derives the variety of surface phenomena from a single underlying representation . the typology that results from this analysis correctly classies the entire range of behavior associated with subminimal phonological units . this work thus both enlarges the empirical foundation on which an adequate theory of segment structure must be based , and in developing such an account sheds new light on classic problems of subsegmental parsing . the problems dealt with here include classics such as the pattern of liaison consonants in french , as well as more obscure phenomena such as the assignment of tone marking in the african languages mende and kukuya . it is the rst book to apply the results of current phonological theory to this area . this book will be of great interest to linguists and to other people who are interested in knowing more about sound patterns in language . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications
 "",0
 1973,""Subject: new books : studies in logic , language and information
  
  studies in logic , language and information * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * kanazawa , makoto ( chiba university , japan ) ; learnable classes of categorial grammars ; isbn 1-57586 - 096 - 1 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 097 - x ( cloth ) , 184 pp . csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . distributed by cambridge university press . this book investigates learnability of various classes of classical categorial grammars within the gold paradigm of identification in the limit from positive data . two types of learning , learning from structures and learning from flat strings , are considered . the class of k-valued grammars for k = 1 , 2 , 3 . . . , is shown to be learnable both from structures and from strings , while the class of least-valued grammars and the class of least-cardinality grammars are shown to be learnable from structures . in proving these learnable results , crucial use is made of a theorem on the concept known as finite elasticity . the learning algorithms used in this work build on buszkowski and penn 's algorithms for finding categorial grammars from input consisting of functor-argument structures . ginzburg , jonathan ( hebrew university of jerusalem ) , khasidashvili , zurab ( ntt basic research labs , japan ) , vogel , carl ( university of dublin ) , le ' vy , jean - jacques ( ecole polytechnique ) , vallduvi ' , enric ( universitat pompeu fabra ) ; the tbilisi symposium on logic language and computation : selected papers ; isbn : 1-57586 - 098 - 8 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 099 - 6 ( cloth ) , 376 pp . csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . distributed by cambridge university press . this volume brings together papers from linguists , logicians and computer scientists from thirteen countries ( armenia , denmark , france , georgia , germany , israel , italy , japan , poland , spain , sweden , uk and usa ) . this collection has two main aims : first to serve as a catalyst for new interdisciplinary developments in language , logic and computation ; and second , to introduce new ideas from the expanded european academic community . spanning a wide range of disciplines , the papers included in this volume cover such topics as formal semantics of natural language , dynamic semantics , channel theory , formal syntax of natural language , formal language theory , corpus-based methods in computational linguistics , computational semantics , syntactic and semantic aspects of lambda-calculus , non-classical logics , and a fundamental problem in predicate logic . the papers that appear in this volume have been selected from those originally presented at the first tbilisi symposium on language , logic and computation that took place in gudauri , the republic of georgia , in october 1995 .
 "",0
 1974,""Subject: french grad student conference
  
  appel de communications les etudiants gradues du departement d ' etudes francaises de l ' universite de western ontario vous invitent a participer a leur colloque annuel interdisciplinaire qui aura lieu les 3 et 4 avril 1998 sur le theme : la langue de l ' autre . les propositions sont attendues sans restriction de domaine d ' etude . voici quelques suggestions sur le sujet : - langue de l autre et alterite - langue de l ' autre et communication - langue de l ' autre et appropriation - langue de l ' autre et culture - langue de l ' autre et francophonie - langue de l ' autre et ecriture de soi - langue de l ' autre et censure - langue de l ' autre et intertextualite - langue de l ' autre et interpretation - langue de l ' autre et marginalite . . . les propositions devront \ 234tre soumises en francais avant le 10 fevrier 1998 , et ne devront pas depasser 250 mots . par courriel : cberoud @ bosshog . arts . uwo . ca remmanve @ julian . uwo . ca par telecopieur : 519-661 - 3470 http : / / www . uwo . ca / french / recherche / langueautre . html ou a l ' adresse suivante : colloque etudiant """" la langue de l ' autre """" carole beroud / emmanuelle ravel department of french university college university of western ontario london , ontario n6a 3k7 jeff tennant vice - directeur / vice - chair departement de francais / department of french the university of western ontario london , ontario n6a 3k7 canada tel : ( 519 ) 661-2111 xt 5688 ( 519 ) 661-2163 ( messages ) fax : ( 519 ) 661-3470 jtennant @ julian . uwo . ca http : / / www . uwo . ca / french /
 "",0
 1975,""Subject: new books : semantics
  
  semantics * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * de swart , henriette ( university of utrecht ) ; introduction to natural language semantics ; isbn : 1-57586 - 138 - 0 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 139 - 9 ( cloth ) ; 258 pp . csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . distributed by cambridge university press . semantics is defined as the study of meaning expressed by elements of a language or combinations thereof . utterances are not just noices or scribbles , they are used to convey information , they are linked with kinds of events , with states of mind , etc . speaker and hearer use language to communicate . this introduction is concerned with the semantics of natural languages . the text examines what issues semantics , as a theory of meaning , should address ; determining what the meanings of words of the language are and how to semantically combine elements of a language to build up complex meanings . logical langauges are then developed as formal metalanguages to natural language . subsequent chapters address propositional logic , the syntax and semantics of ( first-order ) predicate logic as an extension of propositional logic , and generalized quantifier theory . going beyond extenstional theory , de swart relativizes the interpretation of expressions to times to account for verbal tense , time adverbials and temporal connectives and introduces possible worlds to model intensions , modal adverbs and modal auxiliaries . this broad overview of natural language semantics should cover most of the points addressed in an introductory course . numerous exercises punctuate each chapter and an example exam based on the materials presented is included , making this volume a perfect textbook and resource for any undergraduate or graduate-level introductory course in semantics . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications
 "",0
 1976,""Subject: new books : computational linguistics
  
  computational linguistics * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * nerbonne , john ( groningen ) ; linguistic databases ; isbn : 1-57586 - 092 - 9 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 093 - 7 ( cloth ) ; 244 pp . csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . linguistic databases explains the whys and hows of the increasng use of databases in linguistics . the enormous potential in linguistic data - - billions of utterances and messages daily - - has been difficult to exploit . data must be archived and organized . many linguists have had to concentrate on introspective data with its inevitable blinders toward frequency , variation , and naturalness . applications of linguistics have been handicapped . databases not only store large amounts of data , but also impose an organization in data , which facilitates access for researchers and applications developers . linguistic databases reports on database activities in phonetics , phonology , lexicography and syntax , comparative grammar , second-language acquisition , linguistic fieldwork and language pathology . this volume presents the specialized problems of multimedia ( especially audio ) and multilingual texts , including those in exotic writing systems . implemented solutions are discussed . the opportunities to use existing , minimally structured text repositories are presented . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * aliseda , atocha ( unam ) , van glabbeek , rob ( stanford university ) , and westerstaahl , dag ( stockholm university ) ; computing natural language ; isbn : 1-57586 - 100 - 3 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 101 - 1 ( cloth ) ; 158 pp . csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . computing natural language pursues the recent increased interest in the interface of logic , language and computation , with applications to artificial intelligence and machine learning . it contains a variety of contributions to the logical and computational analysis of natural language . a wide range of logical and computational tools are employed and applied to such varied areas as context-dependency , linguistic discourse , and formal grammar ; this volume is a collection of papers illustrating state-of - the-art interdisciplinary research collecting logic , language , computation and ai . the papers in this volume deal with context-dependency from philosophical , computational , and logical points of view . a logical framework for combining dynamic discourse semantics and preferential reasoning in ai is also presented . other subjects include negative polarity items in connection with affective predicates ; head - driven phrase structure grammar from a perspective of type theory and category theory ; and an axiomatic theory of machine learning of natural language , with applications to physics word problems . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications
 "",0
 1977,""Subject: new book : japanese linguistics
  
  japanese linguistics hamano , shoko ( the george washington university ) ; the sound-symbolic system of japanese ; isbn : 1-57586 - 144 - 5 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 144 - 5 ( cloth ) ; csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . this book is the first theoretical study of sound-symbolic expressions in japanese commonly known as mimetic words . it identifies stringent linguistic constraints on these expressions and demonstrates that they form an intricate linguistic system rather than a collection of ad hoc expressions . it then carefully identifies the sound-symbolic meanings of sound units so as to make the elusive meaning of each sound-symbolic expression fully comprehensible . in addition , this book describes a number of interesting facts about the history of the japanese language which mimetic words reveal . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications
 "",0
 1978,""Subject: new book : morphology
  
  morphology lapointe , stephen ( uc davis ) , brentari , diane k . ( purdue university ) , and farrell , patrick m . ( uc davis ) morphology and its relation to phonology and syntax ; isbn : 1-57586 - 112 - 7 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 113 - 5 ( cloth ) ; csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . this volume brings together leading experts in the field to explore key issues in current morphology and the interactions of morphology with phonology and syntax . included here are papers on compounding , argument structure , voice systems , agreement marking , movement of constituents in compounds and derived forms , haplology , affix realization , stem selection and allomorphy , levels in phonology-morphology interactions , and nonisomorphism across grammatical components . these topics are considered from a variety of theoretical perspectives , among them the theory of lexical conceptual structure , the principles and parameters framework , lexical functional grammar , autolexical syntax , optimality theory , distributed morphology , paradigm - based realizational morphology , and the theory of cophonologies . this volume , derived from a conference , also contains commentaries on the papers as well as edited transcripts of the discussion sessions following the formal presentations . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications
 "",0
 1979,""Subject: new book : bantu language
  
  bantu language hyman , larry m . ( university of california , berkeley ) and kisseberth , charles w . ( tel aviv university ) ; theoretical aspects of bantu tone ; isbn : 1-57586 - 094 - 5 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 095 - 3 ( cloth ) ; csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . this book brings together a collection of papers focusing on the tonal systems of the bantu languages of sub - saharan africa . these papers are alike in their attempt to fuse the description of bantu tone with linguistic theory , but at the same time reflect a range of such theoretical perspectives ( autosegmental phonology , lexical phonology , optimality theory , optimal domains theory ) . much new descriptive material is to be found in this collection , as well as attempts to bring bantu tonology to bear on critical issues of phonological theory . this collection of papers stands as a testimony to the benefits to be gained from the marriage of theory and description . this book provides new theoretical insights and analyses of the complexities known to characterize bantu tone systems . three of the articles indicate not only how one can apply the concepts of rapidly developing optimality theory , but also how the latter can be shaped by the unique features found in these languages . while two of the contributions use standard ot , the third by cassimjee and kisseberth provides a detailed introduction of optimal domains theory ( odt ) and its application to a number of bantu tone systems . these and other articles provide new insights into the treatment of long-distance tonal effects , tonal domains , depressor consonants , and other issues known through the autosegmental and metrical literature on tone . the collection features contributors from both sides of the atlantic and contributions that have both synchronic and diachronic significance for the field . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications
 "",0
 1980,""Subject: new book : australian language
  
  australian language nordlinger , rachel ( max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen ) ; constructive case ; isbn : 1-57586 - 134 - 8 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 135 - 6 ( cloth ) ; csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . australian aboriginal languages have many interesting grammatical characteristics that challenge some of the central assumptions of current linguistic theory . these languages exhibit many unusual morphosyntactic characteristics that have not yet been adequately incorporated into current linguistic theory . this volume focuses on the complex properties of case morphology in these nonconfigurational languages , including extensive case stacking and the use of case to mark tense / aspect / mood . while problematic for many syntactic approaches , these case properties are given a natural and unified account in the lexicalist model of constructive case developed in this book , which allows case morphology to construct the larger syntactic context independently of phrase structure . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications
 "",0
 1981,""Subject: new book : discourse analysis
  
  discourse analysis koenig , jean - pierre ( state university of new york at buffalo ) ; discourse and cognition : bridging the gap ; isbn : 1-57586 - 114 - 3 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 115 - 1 ( cloth ) ; csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . this volume brings together research from both """" cognitive """" and """" functional """" approaches to linguistics . the collection includes work from cognitive science disciplines whose concerns overlap with linguistics , such as articial intelligence , neurolinguistics , and psychology . despite their diversity , the papers in this volume are all inspired by the same fundamental question : to what extent is the structure of languages affected by human cognitive structures and language use ? * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications
 "",0
 1982,""Subject: announcing rifra ' 98
  
  rifra ' 98 international workshop on extraction , filtering and automatic summarization sfax centre hotel , sfax - tunisia 11-14 november , 1998 organised by : laris laboratory ( fseg - sfax ) cams , lalic group ( cnrs - ehess - university paris sorbonne ) supported by : cycle de formation doctorale en informatique - ensi-fst , tunisia ministre de l ' enseignement suprieur , tunisia secrtariat d ' tat la recherche scientifique , tunisia cole doctorale de l ' universit paris - sorbonne , france aupelf / uref ministre de la recherche et de la technologie , france call for participation for several years , the scientific community has demonstrated an increasing and recurrent great interest for automatic methods concerning extract construction , summaries and specialised information filtering . the recently organised conferences in this field have focussed on the diversity of approaches ( statistics , neuronal nets , symbolic , linguistics , cognitive , . . . ) but they have n't always led to either comparison between obtained results or highlighting the aimed objectives not always emphasized either the comparison between obtained results , or highlighting the aimed finalities ( document selection , technological awakening , writing assistance , information synthesis , elaboration of summary model , . . . ) . rifra ' 98 will focus in particular on the following topics : * information extraction . * information filtering ( web , corpus , cd-rom , . . . ) . * automatic summarization . * performance evaluation methodology of automatic summarization systems . this workshop aims also at establishing future collaboration between researchers , users , and industrialists in the field of automatic summarization . to reach these objectives , the total number of participants will be limited to 25 up to 40 . a particular interest will be granted to discussions that will follow communications , a panel will be organised for each theme . official languages : oral communications will be in french and english . there won't be simultaneous translation . program : programme tuesday , 10 november1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 19 : 00 - 21 : 00 registration wednesday , 11 november 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 08 : 00 - 09 : 00 registration 09 : 00 - 10 : 00 general session ( a . ben hamadou , j . p . descls , j . l minel ) 10 : 00 - 10 : 30 official opening 10 : 30 - 11 : 00 coffe break * session n1 : automatic filtering ( 1 ) * chairman : mohammed moalla 11 : 00-12 : 00 : udo hahn automatic extracting - a poor man 's approach to automatic abstracting 12 : 00-12 : 45 analyse automatique des textes : l ' exemple des expressions dfinitoires author : emanuel cartier ( cams , paris ) 12 : 45-13 : 30 reprage d ' objets textuels fonctionnels pour le filtrage d ' information : le cas de la dfinition authors : josette rebeyrolle & marie - paule woodley ( universit toulouse le mirail , toulouse ) 13 : 30 - 15 : 00 lunch * session n2 : automatic filtering ( 2 ) chairman : udo hahn 15 : 00-15 : 45 la segmentation pour l ' indexation d ' un document technique : principe et mthodes authors : genevive lallich & tarek ouerfelli ( laboratoire gresec , grenoble ) 15 : 45 - 16 : 30 exploration , pour l ' laboration de requtes de filtrage de textes , des connaissances causales dtectes par coatis author : daniela garcia ( edf / der , paris ) 16 : 30 - 17 : 00 : coffe break 17 : 00 - 17 : 45 : filtrage automatique de phrases temporelles d ' un texte author : rim faiz ( institut des hautes etudes commerciales , carthage ) 17 : 45 - 18 : 30 classification du verbe arabe et stockage des donnes en vue de l ' analyseautomatique des textes authors : everhard ditters , mohamed hassoun ( universit des nimgue , nimgue ) thursday , 12 november 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 8 : 00 - 9 : 00 : michel charolles ( confrence invite ) l ' organisation du texte , le filtrage et le rsum . * session n3 : gnration de rsums chairman : rafik bouaziz 9 : 00 - 9 : 45 automatic summarization by paragraph initial sentences extraction author : pieter a . m . seuren ( nijmegen university , nijmegen ) 10 : 00 - 10 : 45 : where does information come from ? corpus analysis for automatic abstracting authors : horacio saggion & guy lapalme ( universit de montral , montral ) 10 : 45 - 11 : 15 : coffe break 11 : 15 - 12 : 00 on the real time elision of text authors : i . marshall , f . pezeshkpour , j . a . bangham ( university of east anglia , norwich ) 12 : 00 - 12 : 45 : utilisation de schmas de rsums en vue d ' amliorer la qualit des extraits et de rsums automatiques authors : ellouze mariem & ben hamadou abdelmajid ( laris , sfax ) 12 : 45 - 13 : 30 : une architecture gnrique base sur le raisonnement par cas pour produire des rsums authors : laurence capus & nicole tourigny ( universit laval sainte - foy , laval ) 13 : 30 - 15 : 00 : lunch * session n4 : information extraction chairman : michel charolles 15 : 00-15 : 45 une mthode de production d ' extraits base sur leurs classements l ' aide d ' un algorithme gntique authors : jaoua maher & ben hamadou abdelmajid ( laris , sfax ) 15 : 45-16 : 30 : exibum : un systme exprimental d ' extraction d ' information bilingue authors : leila kosseim &guy lapalme ( universit de montral , montral ) 16 : 30 - 17 : 00 coffe break 17 : 00 - 17 : 45 extraction d ' information : adaptation lexicale et calcul dynamique du sens author : thierry poibeau ( thomson - csf , orsay ) 17 : 45 - 18 : 30 table ronde : elaboration d ' un projet de coopration sur le filtrage automatique friday , 13 november 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = outing . saturday , 14 novembre 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 9 : 00 - 10 : 00 confrence invite ( j - g . meunier ) la gestion de la connaissances dans les entreprises et les intelliciels . * session n5 : recherche d ' informations sur le web chairman : pieter seuren 9 : 00 - 9 : 45 : classes d ' vnements et synthse des services web d ' actualit authors : pierre - yves foucou ( universit paris xiii , villetaneuse ) 9 : 45-10 : 30 : optimisation du choix de la terminologie pour la reformulation de requtes authors : s . kanoun & b . dousset ( irit , toulouse ) 10 : 30 - 11 : 00 coffe break 11 : 00 - 11 : 45 reformulation de requtes et extraction de phrases pertinentes pour la collecte d ' informations sur le web authors : leila nait - baha & agata jackiewicz & philippe laublet ( cams , paris ) 11 : 45 - 12 : 30 cogniweb modlisation hybride linguistique et numrique pour un outil de filtrage d ' informations sur les rseaux authors : christophe jouis &widad mustafa el - hadi & vincent rialle ( universit charles de gaulle , lille , universit joseph fourier , grenoble ) 12 : 30 - 14 : 30 : lunch session n6 : tools for filtering and extraction prsident : mr abdellatif abid 14 : 30 - 15 : 15 : la paraphrase entre l ' analyse et la gnration : systme 3ad ( aide l ' analyse automatique du discours ) authors : ismail timimi & salaheddine ben ali ( universit stendhal , grenoble ) 15 : 15 - 16 : 30 : abstraction incrmentale des donnes : application l ' extraction de l ' information pertinente authors : h . belad ajroud &ali jaoua & r . khcherif ( universit detunis , tunis ) 16 : 30 - 17 : 15 : systme de navigation dans une base de donnes documentaire utilisant le thesaurus rectangulaire : ' navigateur 2000 ' authors : m . m . gammoudi & n . bani & s . sofiene & z . abdelouahab ( universit de tunis , tunis ) 17 : 15 coktail * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * registration registration should be sent to the following address using the enclosed form . abdelmajid ben hamadou facult des sciences economiques et de gestion de sfax , laboratoire laris b . p . 1088 , 3018 sfax , tunisie fax : ( 216 ) 4 279 139 tel : ( 216 ) 4 278 777 email : abdelmajid . benhamadou @ fsegs . rnu . tn registration fees include a copy of the proceedings , lunches ( wednesday , thursday and saturday ) , break coffees and dinner of thursday . accommodations the sfax centre hotel ( where the workshop will be held ) offer special prices for participants : 50 tunisian dinars ( 250 french francs ) per night for one person . participants who wish to make reservation in this hotel should contact the hotel as soon as possible . sfax centre hotel tel : ( 216 ) 4 225 700 fax : ( 216 ) 4 225 521 travelling : by plane : there are direct flights between paris and sfax and some other european towns . for those who wish to come via tunis , """" tunis air """" company allows two flights per week ( tuesday and thursday ) between sfax and tunis . the flight takes 1 hour . departure from tunis at 5 p . m . 30 min . departure from sfax at 6 am 45 min by train : there is a daily train ( with a confort class ) connecting sfax to tunis ( the trip takes 4 hours ) . departure from tunis at : 7 am 10 min , 1 p . m . 5 min , 2 p . m . 5min , 5 p . m . 30 min , 9 p . m . 20 min . by bus and taxis there are buses and collective taxis connecting sfax to tunis and many other tunisian towns . schedules depend on each company and are not punctual . we do not recommend participants to take collective taxis . tourism an excursion is planned for friday . sfax has a nice medina ( old town ) with a medieval architecture . kerkenah island is near sfax and could be reached by boat ( 90 minutes ) . the tunisian south ( and its oasis , tozeur , nefta , etc . ) could be reached by airmail or by car . program committee andr abou , ecole doctorale d ' ingnierie linguistique abdel belad , crin - nancy abdelmajid ben hamadou , laris sfax emna ben mefteh , laris sfax michel charolles , landisco nancy jean - pierre descls , cams paris udo hahn freiburg university chritian flurh , cea ali jaoua , erpah tunis farouk kammoun , ensi tunis jean - guy meunier , lanci uquam jean - luc minel , cams paris pieter seuren , u . nijmegen organising committee lamia belguith , laris sfax emna ben mefteh , laris sfax mariem ellouze , laris sfax maher jaoua , laris sfax jean - luc minel , cams paris registration form first name : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - second name : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - affiliation : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - fax : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tel . : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - address : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration fees : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration fees : * students 85 $ us ( 500 ff ) ( please send a copy of the inscription ) * university staff $ us ( 1000 ff ) * others 210 $ us ( 1250 ff ) payment : bank transfer recipient : association d ' innovation et de la technologie """" account number : 11 70 10 03 66 56 30 17 88 39 . tnd bank : ubci , agency chebbi sfax sfax - tunisia registration deadline : 10 november 1998 registration form should be sent with a receipt indicating the registration fees transfer . * by mail to the following address : abdelmajid ben hamadou facult des sciences economique et de gestion de sfax laboratoire laris b . p 1088 3018 sfax , tunisia * or by fax to the following fax number : 216 4 279 139
 "",0
 1983,""Subject: 2nd call for papers : adl5
  
  fifth meeting of the adl 4 - 5 december 1998 university of paris 7 - denis diderot the atelier des doctorants de linguistique ( adl ) is an organisation created and run by students . with the support of theuniversity of paris 7 , it aims at developing exchanges between students from different theoretical backgrounds . the fifth meeting provides anopportunity for young linguists to present their works and exchange ideas through : * papers on miscellaneous areas of linguistics * workshops on interdisciplinary topics * friendly breaks providing an opportunity forinformal discussions . this meeting is organised by students and is student-oriented . papers , preferably delivered in french , should deal with the following fields : computational linguistics , history of linguistics , lexicology , phonetics , phonology , pragmatics , psycholinguistics , semantics , sociolinguistics , syntax and morphology . a three-page abstract setting out the theoretical background , hypotheses , examples and results which are to be presented at the meeting should be sent by october15th . abstracts should be submitted , ( by email in rtf-format if possible ) , to sabrina . bendjaballah @ linguist . jussieu . fr ( for macintosh ) patricia . cabredo - hofherr @ linguist . jussieu . fr ( for pc formats ) . if you send your abstact by mail please enclose three anonymous copies along with a separate listing of name , institutional affiliation , preferred mailing address , phone , e-mail address and paper title to the following address : 5emes rencontres de l ' adl universite paris 7 - denis diderot ufr de linguistique - case 7003 tour centrale , piece 911 2 , place jussieu 75251 paris cedex 05 accepted speakers will be notified by the program committee in early november . the meeting will be free of charge . furthermore , we will try to arrange accommodation for speakers . for further information , join us at http : / / www . linguist . jussieu . fr / ~ leglise / adlp7 / adlp7 . htm or at cabredo @ ccr . jussieu . fr . program committee : nicolas ballier , sabrina bendjaballah , patricia cabredo hofherr , emmanuelle canut , pierre jalenques , isabelle leglise , helene le guillou de penanros ( coordination ) , tobias scheer , kim stroumza . abstract deadline : october 15th , 1998 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ appel a communications cinquiemes rencontres de l ' atelier des doctorants de linguistique de l ' universite paris 7 4 - 5 decembre 1998 universite de paris 7 - denis diderot structure creee et geree par des doctorants , l ' atelier des doctorants de linguistique ( a . d . l . ) de paris 7 , avec le soutien de son ecole doctorale , a pour objectif de favoriser les echanges entre etudiants travaillant dans des domaines et dans des cadres theoriques differents . dans cette optique , il organise pour la cinquieme annee consecutive des rencontres , occasion pour de jeunes linguistes de presenter leurs travaux et de confronter leurs points de vues a travers : * des presentations dans des domaines varies de la linguistique * des ateliers-debats autour de themes transversaux * des pauses conviviales laissant le temps aux discussions la particularite de ces rencontres est leur caractere etudiant : organisation , comite de lecture et intervenants . les communications se situeront dans les domaines suivants : histoire des idees linguistiques , lexicologie , linguistique et informatique , morphologie , phonetique , phonologie , pragmatique linguistique , psycholinguistique , semantique , sociolinguistique et syntaxe . les etudiants interesses enverront un resume de 3 pages avant le 15 octobre 1998 , comprenant : une explicitation de leurs presupposes theoriques , les hypotheses , exemples et resultats exposes lors de la presentation . ce resume est a soumettre , si possible par email en format rtf a : sabrina . bendjaballah @ linguist . jussieu . fr ( format macintosh ) patricia . cabredo - hofherr @ linguist . jussieu . fr ( format pc ) ou a adresser , en 3 exemplaires anonymes accompagnes d ' une fiche personnalisee ( nom , universite de rattachement , adresse personnelle et professionnelle , telephone , email , titre de la communication ) a l ' adresse suivante : 5emes rencontres de l ' adl universite paris 7 - denis diderot ufr de linguistique - case 7003 tour centrale , piece 911 2 , place jussieu 75251 paris cedex 05 l ' acceptation des communications sera notifiee par le comite de lecture debut novembre . la participation a ces rencontres est gratuite . nous essaierons , de plus , de mettre en place des possibilites d ' hebergement . les personnes souhaitant des renseignements complementaires peuvent nous contacter a la meme adresse ou par email , ou www : http : / / www . linguist . jussieu . fr / ~ leglise / adlp7 / adlp7 . html organisation : nicolas ballier , sabrina bendjaballah , patricia cabredo hofherr , emmanuelle canut , pierre jalenques , isabelle leglise , helene le guillou de penanros ( coordination ) , tobias scheer , kim stroumza . date limite pour les resumes : 15 octobre 1998
 "",0
 1984,""Subject: acl-99 call for theme proposals
  
  call for theme proposals acl-99 conference : the 37th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics university of maryland june 22 - - 27 1999 the association for computational linguistics would like to encourage the submission of papers on substantial , original , and unpublished research on all aspects of computational linguistics . a particular aim for the 1999 conference is a broadening of both the thematic coverage and geographical origin of submissions ; to this end , we are experimenting with a new format . some proportion of the conference will be given over to special sessions , somewhat like a special issue of a journal , organised around themes proposed by members of the nlp community . our aim is to incorporate some of the intensity and excitement of the traditional post-conference workshops , without replacing those workshops - - - we expect , as has become traditional , that there will also be a set of post-conference workshops that will remain separate from the main meeting . this call invites proposals for thematic sessions in accordance with the considerations below ; a final call for papers will be sent out in early november . what is a thematic session ? we are soliciting proposals for themes that will provide 4 - - 8 high quality papers , typically forming one or two sessions in the main conference . proposers of accepted themes , who will become the chairs of those sessions , will have similar responsibilities to those of workshop organisers in terms of arranging reviewing and the delivery of camera ready copy ; however , the papers will be scheduled as part of the main sessions and will be published as part of the main conference proceedings . in terms of subject area coverage , we expect thematic sessions will be closer to workshop topic areas in focus . format of theme proposals please specify the following : - chair details : name , address , email , telephone number , fax - title - summary : at most one page describing the proposed subject area , citing evidence that there is sufficient interest in the area to generate enough high quality submissions to populate up to a half-day 's worth of presentations . - proposed review committee : each paper submitted should be reviewed by at least three people . as part of your proposal , you should suggest a potential review committee of around 12 people who will be asked to serve on the committee if the proposal is accepted . your list should demonstrate the spread of interest in the area in the community , encouraging both international participation and the participation of a broad range of researchers , including both senior members of the community and graduate students . theme proposals should be submitted to the email address provided below . informal enquiries as to what might work as a theme can also be directed to this address in advance of the submission date . possible themes might be topics like : nlp and data mining ; word segmentation in asian languages ; reconciling functional and formal approaches to syntax ; approaches to concept to speech . we provide these examples only as indications of the variety of topic areas that will be considered . important dates this call issued : september 14 , 1998 theme submissions deadline : october 12 , 1998 notification of selected themes : october 26 , 1998 call for papers : early november 1998 paper submissions deadline : january 25 , 1999 notification of acceptance : march 22 , 1999 camera ready papers due : may 3 , 1999 general submission questions chairs for the acl-99 program are ken church and robert dale . all queries regarding the program should be sent to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au ; this forwards to both authors . submission format theme proposals should be of approximately two pages in length , ideally submitted in ascii by email to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au with the subject : """" acl99 theme proposal """" . more complicated formats such as standalone latex ( not requiring additional style files ) , postscript , and word will be accepted if they print on the first try . hardcopy proposals should be faxed or mailed to * both * of the chairs , clearly labeled """" acl99 theme proposal """" . proposals should be received by 5pm gmt on october 12th 1998 . ken church ( co - chair ) robert dale ( chair ) at&t labs - research microsoft research institute 180 park ave , office d235 school of mpce po box 971 macquarie university florham park , nj 07932-0971 , usa sydney nsw 2109 , australia kwc @ research . att . com robert . dale @ mq . edu . au tel : + 1 973-360 - 8620 tel : + 61 2 9850 6331 fax : + 1 973-360 - 8077 fax : + 61 2 9850 9529
 "",0
 1985,""Subject: toc glot international 3 - 6 ( helen dry on the history of linguist ! )
  
  table of contents of glot international , vol . 3 , issue 6 with a guest column by helen dry on the history of the linguist list ! editors : lisa l . s . cheng and rint sybesma < mail to : glot @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl > < http : / / www . hag . nl / glot . htm > state - of-the - article floating quantifiers : handle with care by jonathan david bobaljik """" the claim that since ( 1a ) and ( 1b ) """" mean """" the same , they must be transformationally related relies on the tacit assumption that there would be no other way for the two sentences to mean the same . the brief discussion of adverbial quantification above is intended to show not that this assumption is false , but that the question is still open . """" guest column / goodies the linguist list a personal history by helen dry """" behind the scenes , linguist editorial work is partly editing an academic journal and partly a mix of librarianship , amateur electronics and keeping up with 10 , 000 pen pals . """" dissertations on pitch accent phenomena in standard japanese by yuko yoshida ( soas , 1995 ) , reviewed by nancy ritter book reviews the infinite economy of complementation or : the return of the new england linguistic society by marcel den dikken review of the syntax of nonfinite complementation . an economy approach by zeljko boskovic ( mit press 1997 ) . verbal morphology , case marking and telicity by toshiyuki ogihara review of aspect and predication : the semantics of argument structure by gillian c . ramchand ( clarendon / oxford , 1997 ) the number of death a linguistic mystery in eight installments by chris sidney tappan chapter 5 : where is the evidence ? rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
 "",0
 1986,""Subject: review of ostertag
  
  ostertag , gary ( ed ) ( 1998 ) definite descriptions : a reader , cambridge , ma : mit press , xii + 411pp , $ 30 . 00 . the collection begins with a substantive introductory essay by the editor . this is followed by fifteen papers , the majority of which were originally published in journals or in other anthologies , although some were originally chapters or parts of chapters of books . the collection ends with a useful bibliography , with readings arranged by topic . the first of the fifteen papers in ostertag 's anthology is russell 's 1905 paper ' on denoting ' , and the remaining papers are arranged in more or less chronological order , ending with a 1995 paper of stephen schiffer 's titled ' descriptions , indexicals , and belief reports : some dilemmas ( but not the ones you expect ) ' . the one deviation from the chronological sequence is stephen neale 's 1993 paper ' grammatical form , logical form , and incomplete symbols ' , which is placed in the sequence just after several papers authored or co-authored by russell . presumably the reason for placing neale 's paper out of chronological order is that it illuminates some of the more technical background notions whose grasp is essential to an understanding of the debate represented in the ensuing papers . neale discusses the distinction between grammatical and logical form , raises questions about the appropriate way to represent ordinary language quantifiers in semantic theory , discusses russell 's claim that definite descriptions are incomplete symbols , and discusses the implications of this for an attempt to give a compositional semantics for sentences containing descriptions . the other papers in the collection are the classic ones by strawson , donnellan and kripke , as well as more recently influential papers by such authors as peacocke , wettstein , soames and neale . ostertag regrets that he could n't have included more papers in his volume . he regrets for instance not including some of the work by marga reimer or by nathan salmon . ostertag compensates for this gap in a small way by spending some time in his introductory essay on reimer 's arguments against treating ' the f ' as a quantifier , and on salmon 's arguments against wettstein 's anti - russellian views . ostertag 's introductory chapter breaks the mold for this sort of essay , in the sense that it does n't contain a summary of the central arguments of the collected papers . possibly ostertag felt that since the majority of the papers in his collection are classics in the field , or at least frequently referred to by others in the field , it was unnecessary to encapsulate their central arguments in this way . presumably most instructors using this as a textbook in a philosophy of language course will be very familiar with the arguments contained in these papers . instead , ostertag 's essay presents a ( by his own admission partial ) view of some of the twists and turns the debate has taken . ostertag begins with a brief historical account of russell 's reasons for moving away from the extreme realist view which , under the influence of meinong , he had earlier accepted , to the position defended in ' on denoting ' . ostertag then lays out the treatment that russell gave to definite descriptions in principia mathematica , noting some of the contortions that russell had to go through to represent scope differences in his notation . ostertag ends this section by explaining the method of representing natural language quantifiers ( the method of restricted quantification ) that is favored by contemporary russellians , such as neale . this is followed by an interesting section in which ostertag argues that the contemporary significance of russell 's work is rather different from the significance it had when russell first published ' on denoting ' , partly due to the fact that russell 's treatment of descriptions as devices of quantification has been so readily incorporated into contemporary grammatical theory . ostertag turns next to a discussion of the referential / attributive distinction . ostertag 's conclusion is that referential uses of descriptions are adequately accounted for by a gricean strategy . that is , in cases in which a description is used referentially , we must distinguish what is meant from what is said . the referential understanding is retrieved via gricean mechanisms as an implicature from what is said . ostertag does n't explicitly discuss some of the neo - gricean and relevance theoretical alternatives that have appeared recently in the literature that challenge this gricean solution . however , ostertag 's footnotes do point readers to some of these alternative accounts . ostertag concludes with a discussion of the problem of incomplete descriptions ( e . g . descriptions such as ' the table is covered with books ' , which strawson first drew attention to ) , and with a discussion of various challenges by marga reimer and others to russell 's assimilation of descriptions to quantifiers . ostertag seems more pessimistic that russellians can deal adequately with these problems , and concludes his discussion with the claim that once we accept the context-sensitivity of descriptions , which it seems we must , then """" we are no longer in possession of an account of how the meaning of the quantifier phrase """" the f """" is determined by the meanings of its constituents . """" ( p . 28 ) . overall , ostertag 's essay is very interesting . however , there is one very small printing error , which leads to some difficulties in following the thread of ostertag 's argument . on p . 24 the references should be not to the sentences numbered ( 2 ) and ( 3 ) , but to the sentences numbered ( 5 ) and ( 6 ) . in his preface , ostertag remarks that it is somewhat surprising that no free standing collection of essays on descriptions has yet appeared . issues having to do with definite descriptions form one of the core topics in the philosophy of language and all the major textbooks in the philosophy of language contain a section devoted to these issues . free standing collections of essays on other topics central to the philosophy of language have appeared over the years . for instance , yourgrau ( 1990 ) and salmon & soames ( 1988 ) . so there does seem to be a need for a collection such as the present one , which could be useful for an upper level undergraduate or graduate seminar devoted to the topic of descriptions . the only philosophy of language textbook which comes close to having as much coverage of this topic is ludlow ( 1997 ) , which contains seven essays under the heading of definite and indefinite descriptions . the topic of indefinite descriptions is not addressed in ostertag 's collection , which is one of the disappointments about this volume , and is related to one of the major shortcomings of this volume . all the papers in ostertag 's collection are by philosophers . the classic philosophical debate has tended to focus on a narrow range of issues , with the alleged distinction between referential and attributive uses of definite descriptions being the dominant one . linguists who have worked on the topic of descriptions generally are interested in a much broader set of issues . some of the best current work by philosophers on descriptions ( such as that by stephen neale ) is cross-fertilized by the work of linguists . hence it would have been good to include work by linguists , not only to open up the philosophical discussion to a wider range of issues , but also to guard against the chance that students will come away with the impression that work on the topic by other professionals is of only marginal relevance to the philosophical debate . there is important recent work by linguists on the topic of the referential / attributive distinction ; on the comparison between definite and indefinite descriptions ; on the so-called generic , specific and predicative uses of descriptions ; on the claim ( found in work as early as strawson 's classic response to russell ) that the definite / indefinite distinction is related to the given / new distinction for information in a conversational context ; and on the semantics / pragmatics distinction as it applies to descriptions . some representative authors are : irene heim ( 1989 ) , ruth kempson , ( 1986 ) and villy rouchota , ( 1992 ) and ( 1994 ) . in addition , there is more technical work in linguistics which explores the extent to which definiteness is a semantic property of expressions , and hence the extent to which it is possible to offer a linguistically universal characterization of ( in ) definiteness . such work is represented in a recent collection of papers edited by eric reuland and alice ter meulen . see reuland & ter meulen ( 1987 ) . peter ludlow , in his preface to the philosophy of language textbook mentioned above , remarks that """" the philosophy of language , or at least a core part of it , has matured to the point where it is now being spun off into linguistic theory . """" ludlow , ( 1997 ) p . xiii . ludlow takes this to mean that certain core problems in philosophy of language are being """" naturalized """" via their incorporation into linguistics , and he uses this claim to justify the inclusion of the work of linguists in his collection , alongside the classics of the philosophy of language . i am not sure that i would go as far as ludlow in claiming that core parts of the philosophy of language are now a part of linguistics . but given that natural languages , as well as the speakers of such languages , are objects of study for the cognitive sciences , it makes sense for philosophers of language to pay attention to what other cognitive scientists are saying about such things . this means paying attention to linguistic research , but it also means paying attention to work on language by psychologists , anthropologists , computer scientists and others . to give just one example of where such cross-fertilization might occur : developmental psychologists have long been interested in how it is that children master the distinction between definite and indefinite referring expressions . see for instance karmiloff - smith ( 1979 ) and emslie & stevenson ( 1981 ) . charting the development of children 's semantic and pragmatic skills could potentially help clarify issues having to do with the correct semantic representation of ( in ) definites , as well as help in the resolution of questions concerning the boundary between the semantic and the pragmatic . this said , it should be stressed that as a text for use in a mainstream philosophy of language class , whose principle aim is to introduce students to the debate about definite descriptions as it has unfolded over the last 90 years , this volume is unsurpassed . the editor has clearly given a lot of thought to picking papers which are representative of this mainstream debate . it would be unreasonable to demand that all the tributaries , as well as the new offshoots , to this debate be represented in a single , manageably compact volume . perhaps the editor and / or his publishers will consider in the future bringing out a companion volume in which papers representing this wider debate are brought together ? bibliography : emslie , h . & stevenson , r . ( 1981 ) ' pre - school children 's use of the articles in definite and indefinite referring expressions ' , journal of child language , 8 : 313-328 . heim , i . ( 1989 ) the semantics of definite and indefinite noun phrases , new york , garland press . karmiloff - smith , a . ( 1979 ) a functional approach to child language , cambridge : cambridge university press . kempson , r . ( 1986 ) ' definite nps and context - dependence : a unified theory of anaphora ' , in travis ( ed ) meaning and interpretation , oxford : blackwell , 209-239 . ludlow , p . ( ed ) ( 1997 ) readings in the philosophy of language , cambridge , ma : mit press . reuland , e . & ter meulen , a . ( 1987 ) the representation of ( in ) definiteness , cambridge , ma : mit press . rouchota , v . ( 1992 ) ' on the referential / attributive distinction ' , lingua , 87 : 137-167 . rouchota , v . ( 1994 ) ' on indefinite descriptions ' journal of linguistics , 30 : 441-475 . salmon , n . & soames , s . ( eds ) ( 1988 ) propositions and attitudes , oxford : oxford university press . yourgrau , p . ( ed ) ( 1990 ) demonstratives , oxford : oxford university press . anne bezuidenhout is an associate professor of philosophy and a core member of linguistics at the university of south carolina , columbia , sc . she is interested in the pragmatic aspects of language and communication , and has attempted to apply the insights of relevance theory to traditional debates in the philosophy of language , such as the debate about referential and attributive uses of descriptions , and the debate about the correct semantics for propositional attitude ascriptions . she is also currently working with cooper cutting , department of psychology , illinois state university on an experimental investigation of the pragmatic processes involved in utterance interpretation .
 "",0
 1987,""Subject: chinese dialectology
  
  yuen ren society for the promotion of chinese dialect fieldwork annual conference 6 march 1999 submissions are now being accepted for a conference to be held on saturday , 6 march 1999 , at rutgers university in new jersey . the society welcomes presentations of a non-formalist character on any aspect of hann ~ chinese dialectology , including original field reports , comparative-historical studies , linguistic geography and contact , sociolinguistics , and taxonomy . presentations on any aspect of chinese dialects or their social context are welcome , but please note that the society favors presentations that include abundant evidence , in the form of either dialect data or other explicit documentation as appropriate . papers may be delivered in english or mandarin chinese . to submit a paper , please send a detailed abstract to one of the addresses below . preliminary deadline for submitting abstracts is : 15 november , 1998 . we expect to accept only ten papers in all . the yuen ren society is devoted to the practice of descriptive dialect fieldwork , and especially welcomes reports on little-known dialects . david prager branner r . vanness simmons yuen ren society east asian languages & cultures 440 riverside drive , # 73 330 scott hall , rutgers university new york , ny 10027-6831 usa new brunswick , nj 08901-1164 usa < yuen . ren . society @ bigfoot . com > < rsimmon @ rci . rutgers . edu > fax : ( 212 ) 865-5507 fax : ( 732 ) 932-7926
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 1988,""Subject: aiml ' 98 : final call for participation
  
  final call for participation advances in modal logic ' 98 aiml ' 98 october 16-18 , 1998 uppsala university , uppsala sweden about the workshop advances in modal logic is an initiative aimed at presenting an up-to - date picture of the state of the art in modal logic and its many applications . the initiative consists of a workshop series together with volumes based on those workshops . advances in modal logic ' 98 is the second workshop organized as part of this initiative . aiml ' 98 will be held from october 16-18 , 1998 in uppsala , sweden . the workshop is intended for users of modal logic in cognition , computing , and language , as well as for logicians working in the area . scientific program the invited speakers for aiml ' 98 are johan van benthem , max j . cresswell , kit fine , dov m . gabbay , john f . horty , marcus kracht , and rohit parikh . during the workshop there will be a special morning session on modal logic and belief revision ; this session will be chaired by sven ove hansson and sten lindstrom . in addition , there will be a tutorial on explicit modal logic by sergei artemov , as well as 16 contributed papers . the complete scientific program is available at http : / / www . wins . uva . nl / ~ mdr / aiml / aiml98 - program . html . workshop venue aiml ' 98 will be held in the main hall of uppsala university , in the center of uppsala . the city of uppsala is situated in the province uppland in uppsala county . the municipality of uppsala is sweden 's fourth largest municipality , with slightly more than 184 , 000 inhabitants . further information is available at http : / / www . uppsala . se . people arriving by air should get a flight to stokholm arlanda airport . there is a bus from arlanda to uppsala ( number 801 ) every 15 or 30 minutes , depending on the time of day ; the fare is 75 sek . people arriving by train can take commuter trains or ic trains from stockholm , all departing from stokholm central station . registration the normal registration fee ( without accommodation ) is 1000 sek ; the student fee is 400 sek . registration includes access to the workshop , food service , the workshop dinner , as well as copies of the workshop proceedings . to register , please contact rysiek sliwinski by email or fax at the following coordinates : rysiek sliwinski department of philosophy uppsala university e - mail : rysiek . sliwinski @ filosofi . uu . se phone : + 46 18 471 73 51 fax : + 46 18 471 73 70 . to cut costs , the fees can only paid in cash on the spot upon arrival . unfortunately , credit cards can not be accepted . accommodation hotel accommodation will be arranged in various hotels in uppsala . please ask rysiek sliwinski at the above address to help you to arrange accommodation when you register . sponsors aiml ' 98 is generously sponsored by neurotec hochtechnologie gmbh , the computational logic group at illc , university of amsterdam , compulog net network for computational logic , the royal swedish academy of science , and the university of uppsala . further information email enquiries about the practical details of aiml ' 98 should be directed to rysiek . sliwinski @ filosofi . uu . se . information about the aiml initiative can be obtained on the world - wide web at http : / / www . wins . uva . nl / ~ mdr / aiml / .
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 1989,""Subject: books : uralic
  
  memoires de la societe finno - ougrienne vol . 230 : etelaviron murteen sanaston alkuper . itamerensuomalaista etymologiaa [ the origin of vocabulary in the south estonian dialect . finnic etymology ] by eino koponen . ( isbn 952-5150 - 18 - 6 ) 296 p . eino koponen 's ph . d . thesis provides an etymological inventory of the vocabulary characteristic of the extremely interesting but relatively little-studied south estonian dialect , in order to shed light on finnic historical dialectology . at the same time thought is given to basic issues of finnic etymology and word formation , especially the appearance of new indigenous ( basic ) word stems . lexica societatis fenno - ugricae vol . xxvi . a morphological dictionary of tundra nenets . compiled by tapani salminen . ( publications of the databank for endangered finno - ugrian languages 3 . ) ( isbn 951-9403 - 99 - x ) . 544 p . tundra nenets , with more than 25 , 000 speakers in northernmost russia and western siberia , is the greatest and probably best-known language in the samoyed branch of the uralic language family . this dictionary contains approximately 19 , 000 words selected from the existing major tundra nenets dictionaries . it includes 1 ) a reverse word list with inflectional codes and derivational patterns , 2 ) an index of roots , where derivational patterns are arranged following their base , and 3 ) an alphabetic index . the dictionary completes the author 's monograph on tundra nenets inflection ( appeared in the series """" memoires de la societe finno - ougrienne """" , vol . 227 , in 1997 ) . lexica societatis fenno - ugricae vol . xxiii . h . paasonens mordwinisches wrterbuch . mordovskij slovar ' h . paasonena . zusammengest . von kaino heikkil . bearb . u . hrsg . von martti kahla . vol . 1 - 5 : 1990-1998 . mordvin , with two standard languages , erzya and moksha , is spoken in western russia by ca . 750 000 people , and forms an interesting link between finnic ( finnish , estonian and their closest relatives ) and the other uralic languages of russia proper . the dictionary of mordvin , based on the great and extremely important material collected by the finnish linguist heikki paasonen and his mordvin helpers between 1889 and 1912 , has now been published by martti kahla , in collaboration with mordvin and german colleagues . the dictionary consists of four volumes , with german and russian translations for every headword . the fifth volume is a russian index ; a german index will appear in the future . for complete backlists see the society 's homepage at http : / / www . helsinki . fi / jarj / sus / e - mail orders to the bookstore """" tiedekirja """" , tiedekirja @ pp . kolumbus . fi
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 1990,""Subject: new book : indo - european studies
  
  ji xianling , werner winter and georges - jean pinault fragments of the tocharian a maitreyasamiti - nataka of the xinjiang museum , china 1998 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . vii , 392 pages cloth dm 428 , - / approx . us $ 268 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 014904 - 4 trends in linguistics . studies and monographs 113 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york in the winter of 1974 , in the yanki district of the xinjiang autonomous region in china , close to a 1000 - buddha temple , forest workers accidentally discovered 44 leaves of the manuscript remains of a tocharian a ( an extinct indo - european language ) version of the maitreyasamiti - nataka , one of the most important works of buddhist literature from central asia . this volume presents the complete text of the 44 leaves , i . e . , 88 pages which are now kept at urumqi . although they are far from complete , they are the longest manuscript remains of the text discovered till now . the original manuscripts are written in central asian slanting brahmi . the volume comprises a facsimile of the fragments , the transliterated and partly restored texts , translations , and notes , together with indices and a full glossary , thus making the work accessible for experts and students . the book will serve as a major research tool for specialists in buddhist and tocharian studies as well as for indo - europeanists and turkologists . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de this and further publications can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
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 1991,""Subject: new book : sociolinguistics
  
  nirmala srirekam purushotam negotiating language , constructing race disciplining difference in singapore 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . x , 294 pages cloth dm 178 , - / approx . us $ 111 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 015679 - 2 contributions to the sociology of language 79 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the politics that took its inspiration from , and control over , ` ordinary ' peoples ethnicities and languages . this rare , detailed social history shows how the orientalist construction of race and language in colonial singapore was transformed into a powerful practice of ` nation ' that remains today . thus , since the advent of nationalism , singapore has been presented as a multiracial social space . this multiracial character has been carefully re-constructed as constituted by four races , with mainly four distinct languages . with this policy , the ruling elite has instituted a particular discourse about language , which almost always implicates race . additionally , the discourse has also translated itself into actual institutional practices , which ` ordinary ' men , women and children cannot avoid , and must participate in . interspersed by the actual voices and experiences of common people , caught within neo - orientalists statist constructions , the study provides another angle to the contemporary postmodern assurance that difference is necessarily liberating . difference , instead , is shown to have disciplinary consequences . yet the logic of dominant discourses can , at the same time , be re-interpreted - - cleverly or innocently - for enabling legitimate pressure upon the authorities . as everyday life readings of state discourses importantly unfold within the institution of the family , the often invisible role women actually play with reference to language , race , and nation , is importantly brought to the fore . contents ` nation ' and ` race ' : realms of problematic possibilities for language * race - ing language : the institutionalisation of ` chinese ' , ` malay ' , and ` indian ' in singapore * talk about language : from political project to daily life positionings * language on the life trajectory : everyday life contexts , relevances and practices * the mother tongue : male texts and female readings * second language : official bilingualism brought home * disciplining difference * notes * references * index _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de this and further publications can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
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 1992,""Subject: new book : anthropological linguistics
  
  desmond c . derbyshire and geoffrey k . pullum ( editors ) handbook of amazonian languages volume 4 1998 . 24 x 17 cm . xii , 517 pages . cloth dm 298 , - / approx . us $ 186 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 014991 - 5 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this volume includes grammatical descriptions of wai wai , warekena , a comparative survey of morphosyntactic features of the tupi - guarani languages , and a paper on interclausal reference phenomena in amahuaca . the four volumes of this handbook are devoted to studies of syntactic , morphological and phonological characteristics of the languages of amazonia , many of which have never been described fully in the available literature , and most of which are little known to the general linguistic community . contents of volume 4 preface * map south america * abbreviations * desmond c . derbyshire and geoffrey k . pullum , introduction * part i : grammatical sketches * outline of contents for grammatical sketches * robert e . hawkins , wai wai * alexandra y . aikhenveld , warekena * margarethe w . sparing - chavez , part ii : typological study : amahuaca ( panoan ) * cheryl jensen , part iii : comparative study : tupi - guarani * cumulative index to volumes 1 - 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de this and further publications can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
 "",0
 1993,""Subject: book on sed and awk in language research
  
  combining the bourne - shell , sed and awk in the unix environment for language analysis = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = lothar m . schmitt ( 1 ) and kiel t . christianson ( 2 ) 1 . the university of aizu school of computer science and engineering , aizu - wakamatsu city , fukushima prefecture , 965-80 , japan . e - mail : lothar @ u-aizu . ac . jp 2 . michigan state university dept . of linguistics and germanic , slavic , asian and african languages east lansing , michigan 48824 , usa . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = abstract = = = = = = = = we show how to construct tools for language analysis in research and teaching using the bourne - shell , sed and awk under unix . applications include the following : searches for words , phrases , grammatical patterns and phonemic patterns in text ; statistical evaluation of texts in regard to such searches ; transformation of phonetic , phonemic or typographic transcriptions ; comparison of texts in various respects ; lexical-etymological analysis ; concordance ; assistance in translating text ; assistance in learning languages ; assistance in teaching languages ; and text processing and formatting . the latter includes the generation of on-line dictionaries for the internet from files that were generated with what-you - see-is - what-you - get editors representing only the linear structure of the dictionary ( i . e . , the book ) . all of the above can be achieved with particularly simple and short code . in that regard , we illustrate how sed and awk can be combined in the pipe mechanism of unix to create very powerful processing devices . our notes include a short introduction to programming the bourne - shell and rather short , but complete descriptions of sed and awk customized in regard to language analysis . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * availability : 1 ) eric document service ( soon ) , 2 ) e - mail lms , 3 ) possible posting .
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 1994,""Subject: toc : intern . journal of the sociology of language ( ijsl ) 131 ( 1998 )
  
  international journal of the sociology of language issue 131 ( 1998 ) the sociolinguistic situation of the macedonian language edited by zuzanna topolinjska mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york zuzanna topolinjska . . . . . . . in place of a foreword : facts about the republik of macedonia and the macedonian language bozidar vidoeski . . . . . . . . . . five decades since the codification of the macedonian language victor a . friedman . . . . . . . . the implementation of standard macedonian : problems and results elena petroska . . . . . . . . . . . . the cultural dialect of the younger generation in skopje olga miseska tomic . . . . . . . . language maintenance and adaptation in the ohrid dialect of macedonian ilija casule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the interplay of the macedonian standard and dialects in a bilingual setting : macedonian language maintenance in australia roland schmieger . . . . . . . . . . the situation of the macedonian language in greece : sociolinguistic analysis book review jolanta mindak . . . . . . . . . . . . socjolingwistyka 12 ( 13 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
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 1995,""Subject: syntax : j . quer , mood at the interface
  
  syntax new from holland academic graphics : mood at the interface by josep quer mood at the interface offers a unified study of the grammatical contribution of mood in the whole spectrum of subordination . the basic hypothesis of the work is that indicative / subjunctive alternations constitute the overt marking of a shift in the model where a prop - osition is evaluated . it is shown that such an account in terms of mood shift succeeds in providing a wide empirical coverage for this rather murky domain and supplies a strong argument for the interac - tion of this verbal category with the different components of the grammar . the study concentrates on romance languages , with special emphasis on catalan and spanish . contents : 1 . subjunctive a dependent mood 2 . subjunctive types and argument clauses 3 . mood and the interpretation of relative clauses 4 . free relatives and free choice readings 5 . adjuncts as restrictors : mood shifts in concessives and concessive conditionals 6 . concluding remarks 1998 . xvi + 296 pp . isbn 90-5569 - 044 - 9 . paperback . [ lot international series 1 . uil ots dissertation . ] price for individuals ordering directly from hag : nlg 46 , 20 ( excl . p&p and vat ) . holland academic graphics , the hague < http : / / www . hag . nl > rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
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 1996,""Subject: salt 9 call for papers
  
  salt 9 - call for papers semantics and linguistic theory ninth annual meeting university of california , santa cruz february 19-21 , 1999 salt 9 invites submissions for 30 - minute presentations ( with 10 additional minutes for discussion ) on any topic in the semantic analysis of natural language emphasizing the connection to linguistic theory . authors should submit 10 copies of abstracts , no more than 2 pages ( 1000 words ) long . authors ' names , address , affiliation , status ( faculty / student ) , phone number and e-mail address , paper title , and list of prior or planned presentations at other conferences should accompany the abstracts on a 3x5 card . e - mail and fax submissions cannot be accepted . deadline for receipt of abstracts is monday , november 2 , 1998 . the program will be announced in december 1998 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - guidelines : salt does not accept papers that by the time of the conference have appeared or have been accepted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal . preference will be given to presentations not duplicated at other major conferences ( including lsa , nels , wccfl , etc . ) . authors are asked to indicate prior or planned presentations of their papers on the abstract submission card . any person can submit at most one abstract as sole author and a second abstract as co-author or two abstracts as co-author . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - send abstracts to : salt 9 organizing committee department of linguistics university of california , santa cruz 1156 high street santa cruz , ca 95064 usa further announcements will be made as the conference approaches . inquiries are welcome to the address above , or e-mail to salt9 @ ling . ucsc . edu . the conference web site is accessible at http : / / ling . ucsc . edu / salt9 . html proceedings of salt are in general available from books @ plab . dmll . cornell . edu . for the proceedings of salt 2 , write to lingadm @ ling . ohio-state . edu .
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 1997,""Subject: bls call for papers
  
  call for papers the berkeley linguistics society is pleased to announce its twenty - fifth annual meeting , to be held february 13-15 , 1998 . the conference will consist of a general session and a parasession on saturday and sunday , followed by a special session on monday . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * general session : the general session will cover all areas of general linguistic interest . invited speakers carol fowler , haskins laboratories , univ . of connecticut , yale univ . stephen levinson , max planck institut fr psycholinguistik , nijmegen bjrn lindblom , univ . of stockholm and univ . of texas , austin alec marantz , massachusetts institute of technology * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * parasession : loan word phenomena the parasession invites papers on loan word phenomena from various theoretical , historical , sociolinguistic , and typological perspectives , as well as descriptive works and field reports . areas of interest include stratification of the lexicon and loan word 's ubgrammars ' , re-lexification , the role of orthography , markedness effects , second-language acquisition , child language , bilingualism and code-switching , etc . invited speakers ellen broselow , state university of new york , stony brook garland cannon , texas a&m university junko ito & armin mester , university of california , santa cruz * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * special session : issues in caucasian , dravidian and turkic linguistics the special session will feature research on caucasian , dravidian and turkic languages . papers addressing both diachronic and synchronic issues are welcome . potential topics include theoretical and descriptive accounts of structural features , writing systems and transcription problems , language reform , and the reconstruction of the respective proto - languages , including the question of altaic linguistic unity . invited speakers johanna nichols , university of california , berkeley k . p . mohanan , national university of singapore ( turkic specialist tba ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * we encourage proposals from diverse theoretical frameworks and welcome papers from related disciplines , such as anthropology , cognitive science , computer science , literature , philosophy , and psychology . papers presented at the conference will be published in the society 's proceedings , and authors who present papers agree to provide camera-ready copy ( not to exceed 12 pages ) by may 15 , 1999 . presentations will be allotted 20 minutes with 10 minutes for questions . we ask that you make your abstract as specific as possible , including a statement of your topic or problem , your approach , and your conclusions . please send 10 copies of an anonymous one-page ( 8 1 / 2 """" x 11 """" , unreduced ) abstract . a second page , or reverse side of the single page , may be used for data and references only . along with the abstract send a 3 """" x5 """" card listing : ( 1 ) paper title , ( 2 ) session ( general , parasession , or special ) , ( 3 ) for general session abstracts only , subfield , viz . , discourse analysis , historical linguistics , morphology , philosophy and methodology of linguistics , phonetics , phonology , pragmatics , psycholinguistics , semantics , sociolinguistics , or syntax , ( 4 ) name ( s ) of author ( s ) , ( 5 ) affiliation ( s ) of author ( s ) , ( 6 ) address to which notification of acceptance or rejection should be mailed ( in november 1998 ) , ( 7 ) author 's office and home phone numbers , ( 8 ) author 's e-mail address , if available . an author may submit at most one single and one joint abstract . in case of joint authorship , one address should be designated for communication with bls . send abstracts to : bls 25 abstracts committee , 1203 dwinelle hall , university of california , berkeley , ca 94720 . abstracts must be received by 4 : 00 p . m . , november 2 , 1998 . we may be contacted by e-mail at bls @ socrates . berkeley . edu . electronic abstract submission : via e-mail . only those abstracts written in english ascii will be accepted . please do not send attachments . electronic submissions may be sent to bls @ socrates . berkeley . edu . more information on e-mail submission and additional guidelines for abstracts can be found at our web site http : / / faust . linguistics . berkeley . edu / bls / . we will not accept faxed abstracts . registration fees : before february 5 , 1999 ; $ 15 for students , $ 30 for non-students ; after february 7 , 1997 ; $ 20 for students , $ 35 for non-students .
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 1998,""Subject: comparative and general grammar , syntax and semantics
  
  syntax & semantics butt , miriam ( university of konstanz ) and geuder , wilhelm ( university of tuebingen ) ; the projection of arguments ; isbn : 1-57586 - 110 - 0 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 111 - 9 ( cloth ) ; 366 pp . csli publications 1998 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu it is becoming increasingly clear that the classic approach to linking which accounts for the projection of arguments into the syntax in terms of thematic roles ( and / or some kind of lexical decomposition ) , has some serious shortcomings . this volume sets out to explore possible alternatives , which call into question the assumption that projection is rigidly determined by fixed lexical entries . coming from varied backgrounds , the papers collected here converge on the general hypothesis that many semantic factors which influence the projection of arguments should instead be attributed to compositional and combinatorial processes . proposals are presented for reassessment of the lexicon-syntax interface that include models of building up variants of lexical meanings in a flexible manner , as well as models where much of the putative role of lexical entries is supplanted by the structural context , in particular by functional projections . among the topics addressed are questions of argument hierarchies and adicity of predicates , and the syntax and semantics of argument alternations in a set of very diverse languages which include english , dutch , scottish gaelic , finnish , hebrew , kannada , malay , greenlandic eskimo , and yaqui . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166
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 1999,""Subject: context-99 : call for papers
  
  context-99 2nd international and interdisciplinary conference on modeling and using context trento , italy , september 9-11 , 1999 . http : / / www . cs . unitn . it / context-99 / the importance of the notion of context is widely acknowledged , as evidenced by the numerous workshops , symposia and seminars on context held in the last few years . the second international and interdisciplinary conference on modeling and using context aims at providing a high quality forum for discussion on context among researchers active in artificial intelligence , cognitive science , computer science , linguistics , philosophy , and psychology . topics of interest the following topics , in which contexts can be studied and / or applied , are meant to be suggestive of the scope of the the conference : animated characters cognitive modeling commonsense reasoning communication constraint - based reasoning databases and active databases data mining decision support systems diagnostic reasoning dynamics of context formal theories of context propositional attitudes heterogeneous information integration information management intelligent tutoring systems knowledge engineering knowledge representation machine learning multi - agent systems natural language processing natural language semantics pattern recognition philosophical foundations pragmatics temporal reasoning spatial reasoning interdisciplinary character context ' 99 is meant to provide an interdisciplinary forum . all submissions , in addition to being evaluated for their technical and theoretical merit , will be evaluated for their ability to be accessible to an interdisciplinary community . works that transcend their disciplinary boundaries are encouraged . submission of papers participants will be selected on the basis of submitted papers ( 10 single-spaced a4 pages maximum ) by three referees at least . papers must include in the first page : title , author 's name ( s ) , affiliation , complete mailing address , phone number , fax number , e-mail address , an abstract of 300 words maximum , and up to five keywords . electronic submission ( compressed / zipped / gzipped standard postscript file under the name first-author . ps ) is strongly encouraged ; alternatively , authors may send five hardcopies of the paper via surface mail . submitted papers should arrive to the conference chair no later than march 30 , 1999 . patrick brezillion context ' 99 conference chair , lip6 , box 169 , university paris vi , 4 , place jussieu , f-75252 paris cedex 05 , france e - mail : patrick . brezillon @ lip6 . fr important dates submission deadline : march 30 , 1999 notification of acceptance : may 21 , 1999 deadline for final papers : june 11 , 1999 conference : sept . 9-11 , 1999 further information the proceedings of the conference will be published by an international publisher and distributed at the conference . proposals for tutorials and workshops should be sent to the conference chair by december 24 , 1998 . programme committee aamodt a . ( norway ) kodratoff y . ( france ) abu - hakima s . ( canada ) kokinov b . ( bulgaria ) akman v . ( turkey ) maybury m . t . ( usa ) bonzon p . ( switzerland ) moulin b . ( canada ) castelfranchi c . ( italy ) noriega p . ( spain ) cavalcanti m . ( brazil ) paris c . ( australia ) chandrasekaran b . ( usa ) penco c . ( italy ) dichev c . ( bulgaria ) perry j . ( usa ) edmonds b . ( uk ) pomerol j . - ch . ( france ) fauconnier g . ( usa ) raccah p . y . ( france ) fisher m . ( uk ) rastier f . ( france ) frasson c . ( canada ) shahar y . ( usa ) gabbay d . ( uk ) sharma n . ( usa ) gaines b . ( canada ) singh m . ( usa ) giunchiglia e . ( italy ) tiberghien g . ( france ) giunchiglia f . ( italy ) thomason r . ( usa ) guha r . ( usa ) turner r . ( usa ) hayes p . ( usa ) widmer g . ( austria ) hayes - roth b . ( usa ) wilson d . ( uk ) hollnagel e . ( denmark ) young robert ( usa ) iwanska l . ( usa ) young roger ( uk ) organizing committee conference chair patrick brezillon lip6 , box 169 , university paris vi , 4 , place jussieu , f-75252 paris cedex 05 ( france ) e - mail : patrick . brezillon @ lip6 . fr programme co-chairs paolo bouquet luciano serafini university of trento , itc-irst , trento ( italy ) trento ( italy ) e - mail : bouquet @ cs . unitn . it e - mail : serafini @ irst . itc . it publicity chair massimo benerecetti university of trento , trento ( italy ) e - mail : bene @ cs . unitn . it local arrangements chair francesca castellani university of trento , trento ( italy ) e - mail : fcastell @ gelso . unitn . it - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - massimo benerecetti e-mail : bene @ cs . unitn . it ph . d . student www : http : / / www . cs . unitn . it / ~ bene disa - universita ` di trento tel . : + 39 0461 882322 via inama 5 , i-38100 , trento , italy fax : + 39 0461 882124
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 2000,""Subject: tmi-99
  
  8th international conference on theoretical and methodological issues in machine translation tmi-99 august 23-25 , 1999 chester , uk preliminary announcement and call for papers the eighth conference in the tmi series will take place over august 23-25 , 1999 in the historic city of chester , uk . in addition to general theoretical and methodological issues , tmi-99 will have a major theme : modalities and mt : where can mt be used ? submissions referring to the above theme are encouraged . however , substantial , original , and unpublished research on any other issues relevant to machine translation are also welcome . proposals are also solicited for one day workshops ( see below ) . details on submissions and submission guidelines , along with a latex style file , will be put up on a web site in the near future . papers should be in english , not longer than 10 pages ( around 5 , 000 words ) . important dates paper submissions march 12 , 1999 acceptance notification may 14 , 1999 final copies due july 2 , 1999 conference dates tutorials : aug 22 , 1999 papers and panels : aug 23-25 , 1999 workshops : aug 26 , 1999 conference site the conference meetings will be held at chester college , in the city of chester uk . call for workshop proposals proposals are solicited for one-day workshops addressing specific issues of interest in machine translation . if you would like to organize a workshop , send your proposals before november 30 , 1998 to the program chair < bond @ cslab . kecl . ntt . co . jp > . the proposal should include the theme and goal of the workshop , the planned activities , and a list of potential participants . tmi-99 officers : program chair : francis bond , ntt cs labs , kyoto local chairs : harold somers and arturo trujillo , umist , manchester general chair : sergei nirenburg , nmsu , las cruces nm program committee : laurie gerber ( systran , usa ) emmanuel planas ( geta , france ) melanie siegel ( dfki , germany ) stephen beale ( crl , usa ) kevin knight ( isi , usa ) kentaro ogura ( ntt , japan ) masahiko haruno ( atr , japan ) hiromi nakaiwa ( ntt , japan ) key - sun choi ( kaist , korea ) terumasa ehara ( nhk japan ) kristiina jokkinen ( atr , japan ) graham wilcox ( umist , uk ) please address any further enquiries to the program chair : francis bond < bond @ cslab . kecl . ntt . co . jp > machine translation research group ntt communication science laboratories 2 - 4 hikari - dai , seika - cho , soraku - gun , kyoto , japan , 619-0237 tel : 0774-93 - 5313 ( + 81 ) fax : 0774-93 - 5345 ( + 81 )
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 2001,""Subject: conference on the french verb
  
  a u c o m m e n c e m e n t e t a i t l e v e r b e . . . a one-day international conference on the morphology , syntax , and semantics of the french verb at the maison francaise d ' oxford norham road , oxford , uk saturday , 28 november , 1998 , 1000 - 1700 sponsored by st . catherine 's college , oxford , the society for french studies , and the association for french language studies papers include : absolutely perfect : what is the status of the futur anterieur ? dulcie engel ( university of wales , swansea ) inflectional ambiguities : a feature-checking approach michael allan jones ( university of essex ) the selfish morpheme : the history of the perfect root in french ( and occitan ) martin maiden ( university of oxford ) the syntactic and semiotic status of direct quotes maj-britt mosegaard-hansen ( university of copenhagen ) la semantique du passe compose en francais contemporain : pour une representation unifiee marie-eve ritz ( university of western australia ) does french have a relative past tense ? raphael salkie ( university of brighton ) le statut de la forme zero du complement d ' objet direct en francais moderne lene schosler ( university of copenhagen ) the modality conspiracy john charles smith ( university of oxford ) there will be a conference fee of # 16 ( students # 10 ) , which includes lunch , morning coffee , and afternoon tea . it is hoped to arrange an informal dinner ( at extra cost ) after the conference for those interested . cheques , made payable to """" st . catherine 's college """" should be sent to john charles smith , at the address below . for further details , contact : john charles smith , st . catherine ' s college , oxford ox1 3uj , uk email : johncharles . smith @ stcatz . ox . ac . uk
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 2002,""Subject: anaphora resolution - - special issue of machine translation journal
  
  call for papers the machine translation journal special issue on anaphora resolution in machine translation guest editor : ruslan mitkov ( university of wolverhampton ) the interpretation of anaphora is crucial for the successful operation of a machine translation system . in particular , it is essential to resolve the anaphoric relation when translating into languages which mark the gender of pronouns . unfortunately , the majority of mt systems developed in the seventies and eighties did not adequately address the problems of identifying the antecedents of anaphors in the source language and producing the anaphoric """" equivalents """" in the target language . as a consequence , only a limited number of mt systems have been successful in translating discourse , rather than isolated sentences . one reason for this situation is that in addition to anaphora resolution being itself a very complicated task , translation adds a further dimension to the problem in that the reference to a discourse entity encoded by a source language anaphor by the speaker ( or writer ) has not only to be identified by the hearer ( translator or translation system ) but also re-encoded in a coreferential expression in a different language . the nineties have seen an intensification of research efforts in anaphora resolution in machine translation . this can be seen in the growing number of related projects which have reported promising new results ( e . g . wada 1990 ; leass & schwall 1991 ; nakaiwa & ikehara 1992 ; chen 1992 ; saggion & carvalho 1994 ; preu _ et al . 1994 ; nakaiwa et al . 1994 ; nakaiwa et al . 1995 ; nakaiwa & ikehara 1995 ; mitkov et al . 1995 ; mitkov et al . 1997 ) . however , we still feel that additional work is needed to highlight and further explore the specifics of the problem in operational mt environments , including fully automatic machine translation and machine - aided translation . we are inviting high-quality , original research papers describing recent advances in anaphora resolution in machine translation . topics to be addressed include ( but are not limited to ) - operational anaphora resolution components in machine translation - resolution of zero pronouns in mt environments - lexical transfer of anaphors across languages - to what extent have the latest trends towards knowledge-poor , corpus - driven and robust approaches in anaphora resolution , been called upon in machine translation ? - what are the most scalable contributory factors / resolution strategies in mt ? - what makes anaphora resolution a more complex task in machine translation ? submission and format articles should be submitted directly to the publishers , either by e-mail to ellen . klink @ wkap . nl , with the subject header """" submission to coat anaphora special issue """" , or in hard-copy to machine translation editorial office kluwer academic publishers p . o . box 990 3300 az dordrecht the netherlands or machine translation editorial office kluwer academic publishers p . o . box 230 accord , ma 02018-023 u . s . a . the submission deadline is 15 may 1997 . the journal is typeset using latex , so the preferred medium for submission of articles in electronic format is latex source ( using the kluwer style file ) or gzipped postscript . for more details , please consult the journal 's web pages : home page : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / journalhome . htm / 0922-6567 instructions for authors : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / kaphtml . htm / ifa0922-6567 latex style files : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / jrnlstyle . htm / 0922-6567 if submitting hard-copy , four copies of the paper are required . the length of the papers should be approximately 10-20 pages if using the kluwer style file ( around 20k words ) . authors are also requested to send a copy of an abstract of not more than 200 words to the guest editor r . mitkov @ wlv . ac . uk or in hard-copy to ruslan mitkov , school of languages and european studies , university of wolverhampton , stafford st . , wolverhampton wv1 1sb , united kingdom . guest editor : ruslan mitkov school of languages and european studies university of wolverhampton stafford st . wolverhampton wv1 1sb telephone ( 44-1902 ) 322471 fax ( 44-1902 ) 322739 email r . mitkov @ wlv . ac . uk guest editorial board : breck baldwin ( university of pennsylvania , philadelphia ) david carter ( sri international , cambridge ) guenter goerz ( university of nuernberg / erlangen ) lynette hirschman ( mitre , mclean ) richard kittredge ( university of montreal ) susan luperfoy ( mitre , mclean ) tony mcenery ( lancaster university ) ruslan mitkov ( university of wolverhampton ) frederique segond ( ranx xerox , grenoble ) harold somers ( umist , manchester ) keh - yih su ( national tsing hua university , taiwan ) yorick wilks ( university of sheffield )
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 2003,""Subject: comparative romance linguistics - mla discussion group
  
  mla ' 98 ( comparative romance linguistics discussion group ) first call for papers modern language association 1998 convention comparative romance linguistics discussion group san francisco , california 27-30 december 1998 deadline for abstracts : march 1 1998 the comparative romance linguistics discussion group is sponsoring its annual session at the mla 1998 convention . abstracts are invited for 20 - minute talks in all areas of romance linguistics . one - page blind abstracts ( one inch margins , typeface no smaller than 12 ) accompanied by a card with the presenter 's name , address , telephone number , fax number , and e-mail address should be sent to : sonia colina department of languages and literatures arizona state university main campus , po box 870202 tempe , az 85287-0202 , usa ph ( 602 ) 965-4649 fax ( 602 ) 965-0135 e-mail : scolina @ asu . edu faxed and e-mail submissions will be accepted but should be followed up by a hard-copy submission .
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 2004,""Subject: naccl-11 conference announcement
  
  the 11th north america conference on chinese linguistics naccl-11 announcement 1 naccl-11 organizing committee chinese lauguage program dept . of east asian languages & civilizations harvard university dear colleagues , we are pleased to announce that harvard university will be hosting the eleventh north american conference on chinese linguistics ( naccl-11 ) , june 18-20 , 1999 . we hope that you will reserve these dates on your calendar and join us for another informative conference . naccl-11 welcomes papers on a wide variety of topics , such as historical linguistics , phonology , syntax , semantics , discourse / pragmatics , sociolinguistics , computational-linguistics , psycholinguistics , and language acquisition . our goals are to provide participants with an opportunity to present their works in chinese linguistics and to keep up with recent developments in the field . please send your camera ready abstract to the organizing committee no later than december 15 , 1998 ; noting your name , contact address ( both mailing and email ) , and affiliation , plus four anonymous copies . abstracts may be written in english or chinese and should be limited to one page only with size 12 font . we cannot accept abstracts sent by email or fax . notifications of acceptance of papers will be sent out by march 15 , 1999 . registration and a preliminary program will be sent out in january 1999 , and will be available to be downloaded from our website at that time . the deadline for pre-registration is may 15 , 1999 , us $ 55 ( us $ 45 for students ) . the registration fees after this date will be us $ 65 ( us $ 55 for students ) . all submissions and communications should be sent to : naccl-11 organizing committee east asian languages and civilizations harvard university 5 bryant street cambridge , ma 02138 email : clp @ fas . harvard . edu we are looking forward to having this conference and the ensuing exchange of ideas that will benefit the study of chinese language . sincerely , he baozhang for the 1999 naccl-11 organizing committee sep 16 , 1998
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 2005,""Subject: austronesian linguistics
  
  marian klamer a grammar of kambera 1998 . 24 x 16 cm . xv , 448 pages . cloth dm 318 , - / approx . us $ 199 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 016187 - 7 mouton grammar library 18 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this volume presents the first detailed , systematic and comprehensive description of the phonology , morphology and syntax of kambera , a polysynthetic austronesian ( central malayo - polynesian ) language spoken by approximately 150 . 000 speakers on the island of sumba in eastern indonesia . although this language has drawn the attention of missionaries and anthropologists for over a century , up to now no systematic account of the structure of this language has been available . the study is based on primary language data , gathered by the author during fieldwork on sumba . starting out from a detailed analysis of kambera phonology , the study focusses on the morphology ; a detailed discussion of the morpho-syntactic properties of kambera is included . while an explictly theoretical approach has been avoided , insights from various grammatical theories are used to elucidate the structure of the language . the analyses are accessible to linguists of all theoretical persuasions . the grammar is richly illustrated with examples , most of which are taken from actual discourse . an appendix provides a selection of kambera texts . an index for easy reference completes the volume . this an important contribution to austronesian linguistics as well as to language typology and to general linguistic theory . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
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 2006,""Subject: grammaticalization / romance ling
  
  mario squartini verbal periphrases in romance aspect , actionality , and grammaticalization 1998 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xi , 372 pages cloth dm 218 , - / approx . us $ 136 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 016160 - 5 empirical approaches to language typology 21 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york focusing on the interplay of aspect and actionality ( aktionsart ) in the grammaticalization process , this monographs presents a detailed synchronic and diachronic examination of the semantics of various romance verbal periphrases . it is shown that as a verbal periphrasis is being grammaticalized , actional restrictions are gradually loosened , and the semantics shifts from the domain of actionality to that of aspect . these processes are important both for an understanding of the romance data and , more importantly , for a general understanding of the historical development of aspect . given the usually one-way nature of grammaticalization processes , this volume provides a more powerful tool for plotting directions of change where direct historical evidence is lacking . based on extensive corpora , the work covers a wide range of romance ` aspectual ' periphrases , thus also providing an important database for several romance languages , including dialects and regional varieties , and periods . introductory descriptions of the relevant periphrases and complete english translations of all examples are provided , thus making the book equally accessible to romance specialists and to general linguists . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
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 2007,""Subject: sociolinguistics
  
  michael g . smith language and power in the creation of the ussr 1917 - - 1953 1998 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . vii , 294 pages cloth dm 178 , - / approx . us $ 111 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 016197 - 4 contributions to the sociology of language 80 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this is the first comprehensive history of language planning in the ussr , covering the formative period under lenin and stalin . based on party and state archival materials only recently made available , it explores the tension between linguistic russification and nativization of the soviet experience . the author argues that from the moment of its greatest victory in the russian revolution to the difficult days of reconstruction after world war ii , the government was locked into a hegemonic imperative which required a measure of dependence upon the rural russians and peripheral non - russian peoples as much as domination over them . language issues help to understand how the soviet state structure was a machine of centrifugal , as well as centripetal , force . to prove this point , the author examines such unprecedented initiatives as the simplification of the russian spelling system ; the ` latinization ' of the arabic alphabets of the muslim peoples ; and the reform of school grammars and teaching curriculums . he also offers new interpretations about the various linguistic trends which informed these projects , from g . g . shpet 's remarkable ` structural ' phenomenology , to n . ia marr 's ` marxist ' school of linguistics , to stalin 's infamous linguistic essay of 1950 . he reveals how the communist party micro-managed language reform in muslim central asia , and how it dealt with decades of failure rates on the countrywide russian language examinations . the result is an original reading of sociolinguistics and soviet history , weaving together the scientific contributions of linguists , the political imperatives of the party-state , and the everyday responses of various social and ethnic groups . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
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 2008,""Subject: second language teaching : reading , writing & discourse
  
  22-25 june 1999 conference on second language teaching : reading , writing and discourse venue : hong kong university of science and technology ( 22-23 june 1999 ) guangdong university of foreign studies ( 24-25 june 1999 ) plenary speakers : professor ann johns ( san diego state university ) , professor kensaku yoshida ( sophia university , tokyo ) abstracts to be received by 22 december 1998 early bird registration by 15 march 1999 registration by 29 may 1999 for further information , please visit our conference web-site : http : / / lc . ust . hk / ~ centre / 99conf . html
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 2009,""Subject: midamerica ling conf 98
  
  the schedule for the midamerica linguistics conference , to be held at southern illinois university at edwardsville october 23 - 4 has now been set . information on the conference can be found at < http : / / www . siu . edu / departments / cola / ling01 / midamerica98 > , and the tentative schedule can be found at < http : / / www . siu . edu / departments / cola / ling01 / schedule . html > geoff nathan geoffrey s . nathan department of linguistics southern illinois university at carbondale , carbondale , il , 62901 usa phone : + 618 453-3421 ( office ) fax + 618 453-6527 + 618 549-0106 ( home )
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 2010,""Subject: konvens98
  
  konvens 98 computer , linguistik und phonetik zwischen sprache und sprechen - computers , linguistics , and phonetics between language and speech 4 . konferenz zur verarbeitung natuerlicher sprache - 4th conference on natural language processing oct . 5 - 7 , 1998 , university of bonn , germany http : / / www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / konvens98 organized by : gesellschaft fuer linguistische datenverarbeitung ( gldv ) ( responsible in 1998 ) deutsche gesellschaft fuer sprachwissenschaft ( dgfs ) gesellschaft fuer informatik ( gi ) , fa 1 . 3 """" natuerliche sprache """" informationstechnische gesellschaft / deutsche gesellschaft fuer akustik ( itg / dega ) oesterreichische gesellschaft fuer artificial intelligence ( oegai ) call for participation subjects of the conference are all areas of language processing dealing with language in its written or spoken form . special attention will be paid to approaches focussing on the structural and the phonological / phonetic aspects of computer-aided / based language research and aimed at bridging the gap between both aspects . conference languages are german and english . programme * * * monday , oct . , 5 1998 9 : 00 a . m . - 1 : 00 p . m . tutorials : christian otto : sprachtechnologie fuer das internet ( participants of the conference who would like to attend the tutorial are asked to send a short message to the conference office ( konvens98 @ uni-bonn . de ) . ) 2 : 00 p . m . opening 2 : 30 - 4 : 00 p . m . section 1 : prosody kai alter , k . steinhauer , a . d . friederici , j . matiasek , h . pirker : exploiting syntactic dependencies for german prosody : evidence from speech production and perception erhard rank , hannes pirker : realization of prosody in a speech synthesizer for german maria wolters , petra wagner : focus perception and prominence 2 : 30 - 4 : 00 p . m . workshop : evaluation of the linguistic performance of commercial machine translation systems part 1 : results of the evaluation of commercial machine translation systems rita nuebel , uta seewald : zur relevanz linguistisch orientierter evaluationen grundlagen des vom ak """" maschinelle uebersetzung """" der gldv initiierten evaluationsverfahrens stephan mehl , martin volk : zur problematik der maschinellen uebersetzung von nebensaetzen zwischen den sprachen englisch und deutsch ulrike ulrich : probleme bei der maschinellen uebersetzung mit domaenentypischen sprachlichen phaenomenen von appellativen texten mit kommerzieller intention ( internetseiten der hotelbranche ) 4 : 15 - 4 : 45 p . m . workshop : part 1 ( continued ) rita nuebel : phaenomenspezifische evaluation maschineller uebersetzung am beispiel von koordinationen workshop part 2 : methods and tools of mt evaluation judith klein , sabine lehmann : mue - evaluation mit diet joerg schuetz : blueprint : evaluation im usability lab 4 : 30 - 6 : 00 p . m . section 2 : grammar engineering brigitte krenn : a representation scheme and database for german support - verb constructions jonas kuhn : towards data - intensive testing and applications of a broad coverage lfg grammar partial target specifications as a filter on parser output stefan mehl , hagen langer , martin volk : statistische verfahren zur zuordnung von praepositionalphrasen 6 : 15 p . m . plenary session manfred pinkal : von der sprachphilosophie zur sprachtechnologie stand und perspektiven der semantischen verarbeitung 7 : 30 p . m . reception * * * tuesday , oct . , 6 1998 09 : 0010 : 30 a . m . section 3 : speech recognition / synthesis thomas portele : grapheme to phoneme conversion for speech synthesis tanja schultz , alex waibel : das projekt globalphone : multilinguale spracherkennung christian - m . westendorf , m . wolff : automatische generierung von aussprachewoerterbuechern aus signaldaten 09 : 0010 : 30 a . m . workshop part 3 : results of the evaluation of commercial machine translation systems uta seewald : textsortenspezifische evaluation maschineller uebersetzung am beispiel von instruktionstexten martin volk : probleme bei der maschinellen uebersetzung von idiomatischen wendungen jutta marx : bewertung von mt - systemen aus benutzersicht : evaluierung im projekt miroslav 11 : 00 a . m . - 12 : 00 plenary session gerrit bloothooft : a european masters in language and speech 12 : 00 - 1 : 00 p . m . presentation of posters posters see below 2 : 00 - 3 : 00 p . m . section 4 : parsing hagen langer : experimente mit verallgemeinerten lookahead - algorithmen stefan riezler : statistical inference and probabilistic modeling for constraint - based nlp 2 : 003 : 00 p . m . workshop part 4 : reports from industrial users carmen andres lange : erfahrungen mit logos ursula bernhard : bemerkungen zur evaluation maschineller uebersetzungssysteme aus anwendersicht 3 : 305 : 00 p . m . section 5 : dialogue and semantics bernd ludwig , guenther goerz , heinrich niemann : user models , dialog structure , and intentions in spoken dialog manfred stede , stefan haas , uwe kuessner : understanding and tracking temporal descriptions in dialogue bernhard schroeder : unifikation hoeherer ordnung und strikte syntaktische abhaengigkeit 3 : 305 : 30 p . m . workshop teil 5 : evaluation from provider and user perspective margaret king : evaluation design : the eagles framework juergen kinscher : vor - und nachteile elektronischer uebersetzungshilfen und uebersetzungsprogramme , von der textbausteinsammlung bis zur automatischen voll | bersetzung hans haller : maschinelle ( roh - ) uebersetzung als vorlage bei einer fachtextuebersetzung : bericht | ber ein experiment rita nuebel , uta seewald : resuemee und ausblick auf weitere evaluationsaktivitaeten 5 : 00 - 6 : 00 p . m . poster forum * * * wednesday , oct . , 7 1998 9 : 0010 : 30 a . m . section 6 : grammar and tagging kordula de kuthy , walt detmar meurers : reducing the complexity of a theory of unbounded dependencies : evidence against remnant movement in german stefan langer : zur morphologie und semantik von nominalkomposita martin volk , gerold schneider : comparing a statistical and a rule - based tagger for german 9 : 0010 : 30 a . m . section 7 : translation and generation munpyo hong : treating the multiple - subject construction in a constraint - based mt - system juergen wedekind : probleme der ambiguitaetserhaltenden generierung 11 : 00 a . m . 12 : 00 section 8 : phonetics and psycholinguistics reinhard rapp : das kontiguitaetsprinzip und die simulation des assoziierens auf mehrere stimuluswoerter adrian p . simpson : characterizing the formant movements of german dipthongs in spontaneous speech 11 : 00 a . m . - 12 : 00 section 9 : information retrieval michael hess : antwortextraktion ueber beschraenkten bereichen t . kemp , m . weber , p . geutner , j . guertler , p . scheytt , m . schmidt , b . tomaz , m . westphal : automatische erstellung einer video - datenbank : das view4you - system 12 . 00 ( noon ) plenary session n . n . 13 . 00 p . m . closing session posters istvan s . batori , krisztian nemeth , holger puttkammer : lautrepraesentation in etymologischen woerterbuechern anhand der uralischen etymologischen datenbasis gregor buechel : ein www - gef | hrtes system zur datenbankgestuetzten segmentierung von satzteilen und zur analyse praepositionaler phrasen karl ulrich goecke , jan - torsten milde : situations - und aktionsbeschreibungen durch einen teilautonomen montageroboter johannes heinecke , ingo schroeder : multilevel representation of the robust analysis of language alexandra klein , matthias e . koelln , soenke ziesche : towards generating dialogue contributions under resource constraints jacques koreman , bistra andreeva , william j . barry : die abbildung akustischer parameter auf phonetische merkmale in der automatischen spracherkennung doris muecke : cmc : prosodische und extralinguistische notationsformen in textbasierten konferenzsystemen sandro pedrazzini , pius ten hacken : centralized lexeme management and distributed dictionary use in word manager barbertje streefkerk , louis c . w . pols : prominence in read aloud dutch sentences as marked by naive listeners petra wagner : mutual constraints at the phonetics - phonology - interface exhibition parallel to the conference there will be a book and industry exhibition . local organizers prof . dr . wolfgang hess prof . dr . winfried lenders dr . thomas portele dr . bernhard schroeder programme committee dr . ernst buchberger , wien ( oegai ) dr . stefan busemann , saarbruecken ( gi ) prof . dr . dafydd gibbon , bielefeld ( dgfs ) prof . dr . wolfgang hoeppner , duisburg ( gi ) prof . dr . roland hausser , erlangen ( gldv ) prof . dr . wolfgang hess , bonn ( itg / dega ) prof . dr . r . hoffmann , dresden ( itg / dega ) dr . tibor kiss , heidelberg ( dgfs ) prof . dr . winfried lenders , bonn ( gldv ) dr . harald trost ( oegai ) conference office gisela von neffe institut fuer kommunikationsforschung und phonetik der universitaet bonn poppelsdorfer allee 47 d-53115 bonn internet : http : / / www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / konvens98 / index . en . html email : konvens98 @ uni-bonn . de phone : + 49-228 - 735638 fax : + 49-228 - 735639 location konvens 98 will take place at the university of bonn 's central building , which is situated in the city 's centre , in walking distance from the main railway station . world wide web http : / / www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / konvens98 ( participants of the conference who would like to attend the tutorial are asked to send a short message to the conference office ( konvens98 @ uni-bonn . de . )
 "",0
 2011,""Subject: twlt14 : language technology in multimedia information retrieval
  
  14th twente workshop on language technology language technology in multimedia information retrieval december 7 - 8 1998 , university of twente , the netherlands program and call for participation on 7 and 8 december 1998 , the fourteenth international twente workshop on language technology ( twlt14 ) will take place at the university of twente , enschede , the netherlands . the topic of this workshop will be """" language technology in multimedia information retrieval """" twlt14 will focus on the increasingly important role of human language technology in the indexing and accessing of written and spoken documents , video material and / or images , and on the role of language technology for cross-language retrieval and information extraction . the workshop will address the role of language and speech processing both in terms of existing approaches and implementations , in terms of theoretical foundations , and / or emerging directions of research . program : monday 7 december 09 : 00 registration 10 : 00 opening session 1 : cross - language ir 10 : 15 hans uszkoreit , dfki ( multilinguality / mulinex ) 10 : 45 paul buitelaar / klaus netter , dfki ( mietta ) 11 : 15 break 11 : 30 franciska de jong / djoerd hiemstra , university of twente ( twenty - one ) 12 : 00 david hull , xerox grenoble ( clir ) 12 : 30 lunch session 2 : nlp , ie / ir and multimedia 14 : 00 arjen de vries , university of twente ( querying multimedia databases ) 14 : 30 doug appelt , sri ( nl + ie ) 15 : 00 break + demos 16 : 00 paul van der vet , university of twente ( domain modelling ) 16 : 30 karen sparck - jones , cambridge university ( nl + ir ) 17 : 30 drinks tuesday 8 december session 3 : video and image processing 09 : 00 stanley peters , stanford university ( tools and methods ) 09 : 30 andres salway / khursid ahmad , university of surrey ( video indexing ) 10 : 00 wim van bruxvoort , vda ( subtitle processing / pop - eye / olive ) 10 : 30 break 11 : 00 istar buscher , swr ( euromedia ) 11 : 30 arnold smeulders ( language and image processing ) 12 : 00 kees van deemter ( picture retrieval ) 12 : 30 lunch session 4 : speech retrieval 14 : 00 martin wechsler , eth zurich 14 : 30 steve renals , university of sheffield ( thisl ) 15 : 00 wessel kraaij / joop van gent , tno-tpd ( das + ) 15 : 30 break 16 : 00 closing session the regular workshop fee is dfl . 175 , - and covers a copy of the proceedings , lunches , coffee and tea during the breaks , and an informal reception . students may apply for a reduced fee . the workshop secratariat can make hotel reservations . more information on the workshop as well as a registration form can be found at http : / / wwwseti . cs . utwente . nl / parlevink / conferences / twlt14 . html twlt14 is organised in cooperation with the parlevink - project of the university of twente by : klaus netter - dfki , germany email : netter @ dfki . de franciska de jong - university of twente , computer science department email : fdejong @ cs . utwente . nl djoerd hiemstra - university of twente , computer science department email : hiemstra @ cs . utwente . nl for further information please contact the organisers , preferably by email , or otherwise via the workshop secretariat : department of computer science / parlevink university of twente phone : + 31 53 4893680 p . o . box 217 , fax : + 31 53 4893503 7500 ae enschede the netherlands
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 2012,""Subject: diachronic and synchronic studies of syntax of east asian languages
  
  a symposium on diachronic and synchronic studies of syntax of east asian languages november 6 - 8 , 1998 , at university of southern california preliminary program ( rooms to be announced later ) friday ( 11 / 6 ) 9 : 00 welcoming remarks 9 : 15-10 : 10 """" more on the distribution of negative nps """" james huang , university of california , irvine 10 : 10-11 : 05 """" on parametrizing existential quantification """" wei - tien dylan tsai , tsing hua university break 11 : 15-12 : 05 """" the category of ba in mandarin chinese """" yafei li , university of wisconsin , madison 12 : 05 - 1 : 00 """" the early history of the perfective construction """" tsu - lin mei , cornell university lunch break 2 : 00 - 2 : 55 """" classifiers and the count / mass distinction """" keiko muromatsu , mit 2 : 55 - 3 : 50 """" a synchronic and diachronic study of plurality in mandarin chinese """" audrey li , usc , and yuzhi shi , stanford university break 4 : 05 - 5 : 00 """" empty determiners and nominalization in east asia """" andrew simpson , soas 5 : 00 - 5 : 55 """" the functional structure of the noun phrase in korean """" james yoon , seoul national university 6 : 30 banquet saturday ( 11 / 7 ) 8 : 45 - 9 : 40 """" anaphoric relations in japanese : some preliminary remarks """" hajime hoji , usc 9 : 40-10 : 35 """" kare , a distal demonstrative or a third person pronoun ? """" yukinori takubo , kyusyu university break 10 : 45-11 : 40 """" on the relation between the deictic use and the non-deictic use of the japanese demonstratives """" satoshi kinsui , osaka university 11 : 40-12 : 35 """" two types of scrambling constructions in japanese """" ayumi ueyama , kyoto university of foreign studies lunch break 1 : 35 - 2 : 30 """" on irrealis in korean """" nam - kil kim , usc 2 : 30 - 3 : 25 """" person and evidentiality in japanese """" carol tenny , mit break 3 : 35 - 4 : 30 """" on the status of functional categories in korean """" hedon ahn , kon kuk university 4 : 30 - 5 : 25 """" causatives and scope ambiguity """" soowon kim , university of washington break 5 : 35 - 6 : 30 """" judgments , point of view and the interpretation of causee noun phrases """" s . - y . kuroda , ucsd sunday ( 11 / 8 ) 8 : 00 - 9 : 00 breakfast 9 : 00 - 9 : 55 """" a computational approach to case and word order in korean """" william o'grady , university of hawaii at manoa 9 : 55-10 : 50 """" anaphoric relations in covert syntax """" yoshihisa kitagawa , indiana university break 11 : 05-12 : 00 """" some historical considerations on place words in chinese """" alain peyraube , ehess-cnrs 12 : 00-12 : 55 """" proxy categories in phrase structure theory and the chinese vp """" waltraud paul , ehess-cnrs 12 : 55 - 1 : 50 """" adjuncts and word order typology in east asian languages """" tom ernst , rutgers university and temple university for further information , please contact : hajime hoji ( hoji @ usc . edu ) , audrey li ( audreyli @ usc . edu ) , or nam - kil kim ( nkim @ usc . edu ) .
 "",0
 2013,""Subject: g . j . ramstedt , biography
  
  memoires de la societe finno - ougrienne vol . 229 : biliktu bakshi . the knowledgeable teacher . g . j . ramstedt 's career as a scholar , by harry halen . viii + 371 + 16 p . + 1 map . isbn 952-5150 - 16 - x ( pb . ) , 952-5150 - 17 - 8 ( hb . ) . gustaf john ramstedt ( 1873-1959 ) is one of the brightest stars in the history of finnish learning . almost entirely due to his own field research and the reliable material he gathered he became the pioneer of comparative altaic philology , virtually a new discipline . during his ten years in the far east , as charge d ' affaires of the newly independent finland , ramstedt became interested in the origins of korean . this little-studied field occupied him for the rest of his life even at the expense of projects which he had commenced earlier . the present work is intended as a short recapitulation of the main events of g . j . ramstedt 's multi-faceted life . for complete backlists see the society 's homepage at http : / / www . helsinki . fi / jarj / sus / e - mail orders to the bookstore """" tiedekirja """" , tiedekirja @ pp . kolumbus . fi
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 2014,""Subject: syntax , semantics , & cognitive linguistics
  
  michel achard representation of cognitive structures syntax and semantics of french sentential complements 1998 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xii , 377 pages cloth dm 158 , - / approx . us $ 113 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 015760 - 8 cognitive linguistics research 11 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this book investigates french complementation and , more specifically , the distribution of infinitival and finite complements ( indicative and subjunctive ) in the following contexts : causation / perception , modal , sentential complement , and impersonal constructions . consistent with the principles of cognitive linguistics , it argues that the surface form of each construction reflects a specific cognitive organization , and that formal differences reflect conceptual differences . more specifically , it is shown that : ( i ) each complement form carries meaning , to be expressed in terms of the cognitive organization it specifically codes , and ( ii ) the distribution of these forms with the different main verbs is a function of the semantic compatibility between two meaningful expressions . the cognitive grammar position expressed in langacker ( 1987 , 1991 ) states that the use of a particular linguistic form by speakers reflects their choice to express their conceptualization in a particular way . the meaning of a linguistic expression is therefore best described as the partial construal it imposes on the scene it describes . in this book , the meaning of complement constructions is analyzed in terms of the specific way in which they structure the subordinate scene . competing constructions represent alternative construals of the scene . the solution proposed in this book departs from existing analyses in three major ways . first , it accounts at the same time for the form and the distribution of the complements . secondly , it posits no construction-specific devices to handle different structures . thirdly , it provides a global understanding of complementation by treating a whole array of constructions in similar ways . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
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 2015,""Subject: k . polgardi , vowel harmony
  
  vowel harmony . an account in terms of governement and optimality by krisztina polgardi vowel harmony deals with some theoretical problems concerning the phenomenon of vowel harmony , in a framework combining insights from government phonology , optimality theory and lexical phonology . the study introduces and motivates the general framework and examines three issues . the first concerns the typology of vowel harmony systems and how an element-based feature theory , comprised of the three elements i , a and u and supplemented by the property of headedness , can account for all the different types of harmony . the second concerns the domain of harmony and the question of how to handle disharmonicity in the proposed model . the third involves the so-called neutral vowels , i . e . those vowels in a system that do not have a harmonic counterpart . it is claimed that the behaviour of neutral vowels can be predicted from their segmental make-up and from particular properties of the vowel systems involved . polgrdi argues that the theory of government phonology ( a principles-and - parameters approach ) needs to be supplemented by constraint ranking , because certain types of phenomena cannot be accounted for otherwise . since ranking is shown to be necessary , language variation can now be exclusively expressed by this device , and the notion of param - eters can be abandoned . polgrdi also argues that a non-derivational version of the strict cycle condition also needs to be incorporated into the theory to account for so-called derived environment effects ( of which disharmonicity is shown to be an example ) . 1998 . xii + 200 pp . isbn 90-5569 - 046 - 5 . paperback . lot interna - tional series 3 . hil / leiden university dissertation . price for individuals ordering directly from the publisher : nlg 36 , 90 , excl . vat and p&p . holland academic graphics , the hague < http : / / www . hag . nl > rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
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 2016,""Subject: nels-29 final announcement
  
  final announcement north - eastern linguistics society 29th annual meeting october 16-18 , 1998 this year 's nels conference will be hosted at the university of delaware , in newark , de . complete information , including information on lodging , transportation , and the conference program can be found on the web at the nels-29 website : http : / / sun . ling . udel . edu / nels - 29 / for further information , please contact one of the following members of the nels committee at our conference email address : < nels - 29 @ udel . edu > kenneth allen hyde | univ . of delaware | dept . of linguistics | kenny @ udel . edu |
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 2017,""Subject: call : texas linguistics society 1999
  
  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - announcing the 1999 conference of the texas linguistics society perspectives on argument structure to be held at the university of texas at austin , march 5 - 7 , 1999 . keynote speakers : beth levin ( northwestern university ) james pustejovsky ( brandeis university ) michael tanenhaus ( university of rochester ) deadline for receipt of abstracts : october 16 , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - abstracts are invited for 30 - minute talks ( with 10 additional minutes for discussion ) . issues of argument structure have proven to be of long-standing interest within diverse subfields of linguistics . the intent of this conference is to bring together researchers working on argument structure from different perspectives . in keeping with this idea , presentations that address argument structure from the perspective of formal syntax or semantics are encouraged , as well as those that take psycholinguistic , computational or other approaches . potential topics include , but are not limited to : * theories of linking ; relating argument structure to syntactic structure * accounts of case assigment * lexical conceptual semantics and argument structure * computational implementation & models of argument structure or linking * syntax / semantic interface and language acquisition * acquisition of argument structure * language processing of argument structure , subcategorization or lexical / conceptual structure abstracts must be no more than on 8 . 5 """" by 11 """" page , single spaced and in at least 12 - point type ( 10 - point for examples ) , with one-inch margin on all sides . one additional page with references , diagrams and data ( no text ) may be appended , if necessary . all submissions must include the following : * six anonymous copies of the abstract * one 3 """" x5 """" card with name , affiliation , address , phone number , e-mail and title of paper deadline for receipt of abstracts is october 16 , 1998 . send abstracts to : tls abstract committee calhoun 501 , b5100 the university of texas at austin austin , tx 78712 abstracts received after the deadline will not be considered . fax submissions will not be accepted . instructions for text-only e-mail submissions are available by request . an individual may submit at most one single and one co-authored paper . authors whose abstracts are accepted will be notified in mid - december , 1998 . presenters who wish to have their papers included in the conference proceedings must submit a camera ready copy by may 15 , 1999 . proceedings will be published by the texas linguistics forum . conference pre-registration is $ 15 . 00 ( us ) for students , $ 25 . 00 for non-students . for more information , e-mail tls @ uts . cc . utexas . edu or visit the conference website at http : / / uts . cc . utexas . edu / ~ tls /
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 2018,""Subject: 12th annual cuny conference on human sentence processing
  
  preliminary announcement and call for abstracts 12th annual cuny conference on human sentence processing hosted by cuny graduate center 33 west 42nd street , new york ny ( positively the last cuny conference on 42nd street ! ) march 18-20 , 1999 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ abstract deadline ( papers ) : november 16 , 1998 abstract deadline ( posters ) : january 11 , 1999 ( for detailed information on abstract submission , see the final panel of this announcement . ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ general information about the conference special sessions i . """" hard constraints and soft constraints """" , organized and introduced by mark johnson ( brown university ) . invited speakers will include : hans uszkoreit ( university of the saarland ) eugene charniak ( brown university ) ii . """" syntactic features in sentence processing """" , beginning with a linguistics tutorial on """" the syntax of features """" by marcel den dikken ( cuny graduate center ) , and followed by submitted papers . paper and poster submissions related to this topic are especially welcomed . iii . the first of a new series of special sessions called """" what would it take to decide whether . . . ? """" . for this first year , the issue will be """" . . . whether parsing is serial or parallel """" , moderated by charles clifton , jnr . ( university of massachusetts ) . speakers will be : richard lewis ( ohio state university ) edward gibson ( massachusetts institute of technology ) conference dates and location the conference will be held in the harold m . proshansky auditorium of the graduate school and university center of the city university of new york , in midtown manhattan ( 42nd street between fifth and sixth avenues ) . sessions will start at 12 noon on thursday march 18 ( registration from 10 : 30 am ) , and will end at 6 : 00 pm on saturday march 20 . there will be poster sessions in the evenings of march 18 and 19 . information about local , reasonably priced hotels will be available in our next announcement , to be sent out at the end of october . financial support the cuny conference operates on a shoe-string . we have always kept registration fees as low as possible , especially for students . we also make travel awards to students . the way we make ends meet ( barely ! ) is by contributions from cuny and other institutions . we are immensely grateful for this financial support , and we encourage you to encourage your administration to make a donation to this good cause . we can provide paperwork to support your request and the billing process . any amount is welcome ! in the past , contributions have ranged from $ 300 to $ 5 , 000 . so please - - approach your dean , your provost , the financial officer of your company , and explain what a valuable forum the cuny conference is for the exchange of research ideas . conference organizers janet dean fodor dianne bradley ph . d . program in linguistics cuny graduate center 33 west 42nd street new york ny 10036 address for correspondence : < sentproc @ email . gc . cuny . edu > _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ abstract submissions the 12th annual cuny conference on human sentence processing is soliciting abstracts for papers and posters presenting theoretical , experimental , and / or computational research on any aspect of human sentence processing . abstracts will be reviewed anonymously , and will be considered for both the general conference sessions and the special session on """" syntactic features in sentence processing """" . submission deadlines for consideration in the spoken paper sessions : november 16 , 1998 for consideration as a poster only : january 11 , 1999 what to submit in your abstract abstract text should be no longer than 400 words . in addition , you may include examples , data summaries , and references ; however the latter , together , should not exceed 15 lines . at the top of the abstract , please include the names and affiliations of all authors , and the email address of the author who will handle correspondence . also indicate whether you wish your abstract to be considered for paper only , poster only , or paper or poster . the last category means that you would be willing to present your work as a poster should the abstract not be accepted for the spoken paper sessions . please leave several blank lines between this information and the abstract proper ( title and text ) , to facilitate anonymous review . how to submit abstracts we will accept email submissions only . these should be addressed to : < sentproc @ email . gc . cuny . edu > please use plain text if possible , and use the subject header : """" abstract """" if you submit more than one abstract , each must be separately mailed ( and each will be separately acknowledged ) . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
 "",0
 2019,""Subject: logical aspects of computational linguistics ( lacl ' 98 )
  
  logical aspects of computational linguistics ( lacl ' 98 ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = aspects logiques de la linguistique informatique = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = coorganisateurs : loria ( nancy ) , universite pierre mendes - france ( grenoble ) , avec l ' appui de : inria rhone - alpes , xerox research centre europe , cnet , mairie de grenoble lieu : grenoble ( domaine universitaire , amphitheatre de la maison alpes des sciences de l ' homme ) dates : du 14 au 16 decembre site web : http : / / www-bshm . upmf-grenoble . fr / lacl98 / programme : = = = = = = = = = = = = monday , december 14 ( lundi 14 decembre ) 8 : 45 - 9 : 30 : welcome 9 : 30-10 : 20 : invited talk i maarten de rijke : inference and natural language semantics 10 : 20-10 : 35 : break 10 : 35-11 : 35 : session 1 : feature structures and constraints stephen j . hegner . ` computational management of partially specified type hierarchies for typed feature logics ' . christian wartena . ` grammars with composite storages ' . 11 : 35-11 : 50 : break 11 : 50-12 : 50 : session 2 : categorial grammar i marcelo finger . ` structurally free theorem proving and structure learning in categorial grammar ' . nissim francez . ` hypothetical reasoning and radical non-constituent coordination in categorial logic ' . 12 : 50-14 : 30 : lunch 14 : 30-15 : 30 : session 3 : semantics and logical forms joachim niehren , alexander koller . ` dominance constraints in context unification ' . wilfried meyer viol , ruth kempson . ` sequential construction of logical forms ' . 15 : 30-15 : 45 : break 15 : 45-16 : 45 : norihiro ogata . ` a revision system of circular objects and its applications to dynamic semantics of dialogues ' . zhaohui luo , paul callaghan . ` coercive subtyping and lexical semantics ' . 16 : 45-17 : 00 : break 17 : 00-17 : 30 : discussion tuesday , december 15 ( mardi 15 decembre ) 9 : 30-10 : 20 : invited talk ii makoto kanazawa title : not yet communicated 10 : 20-10 : 35 : break 10 : 35-11 : 35 : session 4 : constraints and semantics manuel bodirsky , alexander koller , joachim niehren . ` dominance constraints : complexity , algorithms , implementation ' . patrick blackburn , claire gardent . ` a description language for discourse semantics ' . 11 : 35-11 : 50 : break 11 : 50-12 : 50 : session 5 : categorial grammar ii gerhard jaeger . ` anaphora and scope in categorial grammar ' . hans - joerg tiede . ` lambek calculus proofs and tree automata ' . 12 : 50-14 : 30 : lunch 14 : 30-15 : 30 : session 6 : minimalism and computation jens michaelis . ` derivational minimalism is mildly context-sensitive ' . marcus kracht . ` strictness and literal movement grammars ' . 15 : 30-15 : 45 : break 15 : 45-16 : 45 : alain lecomte . ` categorial minimalism ' . dirk heylen . ` aspects of a logical reconstruction of the computational system for human language ' . 16 : 45-17 : 00 : break 17 : 00-17 : 30 : discussion 20 : 00 : conference dinner wednesday , december 16 ( mercredi 16 decembre ) 9 : 30-10 : 20 : invited talk iii fernando pereira title : not yet communicated 10 : 20-10 : 35 : break 10 : 35-12 : 05 : session 7 : trees and tags aravind joshi , seth kulick , natasha kurtonina . ` lexicalized tree adjoining grammar : logical modelling ' . sylvain pogodalla . ` lexicalized proof-nets in pomset logic and tag ' . emiel krahmer , reinhard muskens . ` talking about trees and truth-conditions ' . 12 : 05-12 : 20 : break 12 : 20-12 : 50 : final discussion inscription - registration : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the registration fees for the conference are the following : before november 10 regular : 700 ff , student : 500 ff after november 10 regular : 900 ff , student : 700 ff both regular and student fees include the conference proceedings , the coffee breaks , the lunches , and the conference dinner ( december 15 ) . tickets for additional conference dinners ( for accompanying persons ) can be purchased at 150 ff . you may register by surface mail , fax , or e-mail . please fill in the enclosed registration form and send it to : ufr sciences de l ' homme et de la societe service comptabilite - lacl ' 98 1251 , avenue centrale , b . p . 47 f 38040 grenoble cedex9 france fax ( internat . ) : + 33 4 76 82 56 65 ( nat . ) : 04 76 82 56 65 e - mail : amelie . depaoli @ upmf-grenoble . fr payments payments are accepted in french francs only . the enclosed payment may be one of the following forms : order form from your institution ; cheque in french currency , drawn on a french bank , made to the order of """" agent comptable de l ' upmf """" eurocheque in french currency , made to the order of """" agent comptable de l ' upmf """" ( add 50 frf for fees ) ; bank transfer to the order of """" agent comptable de l ' upmf """" ( with your name and lacl ' 98 ) at the bank """" tresorerie generale de l ' isere """" . the bank account number is 10071-38000 - 00003000140-46 . registration form - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - please print name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . affiliation : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . address : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . zip code : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telephone : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fax : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e - mail : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please check the appropriate box : o regular fee 700 frf o student rate ( * ) 500 frf o late registration fee 900 frf o student ( * ) , late registration 700 frf o one additional ticket for the conference dinner 150 frf total amount : . . . frf ( * ) enclose a copy of your student card mode of payment : o order form o enclosed cheque ( if eurocheque , please add 50 frf ) o bank transfer ( * * ) ( * * ) enclose a copy of the transfer order . booking chose a category of hotel : o single room o double room o 2 stars ( around 300 frf ) o 3 stars ( around 500 frf ) date of arrival in grenoble : . . . . . . . . . . . date of departure : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . number of nights : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . if you are a vegetarian , please check the box o
 "",0
 2020,""Subject: i . vedder , dunque l ' italia ha perso il suo fascino ?
  
  a recent publication of holland academic graphics : dunque l ' italia ha perso il suo fascino ? io penso di no door ineke vedder in dit boek wordt verslag uitgebracht van een onderzoek naar het ar - gumenterend schrijven in een tweede taal ( t2 ) door nederlandse stu - denten italiaans . om in t2 een argumentatieve tekst te kunnen schrijven moeten schrijvers eerst een aantal syntactische en lexicale middelen verwerven . deze middelen kunnen worden gebruikt voor de weergave van de verschillende argumentatieve componenten van het betoog in t2 . ook moeten zij zich bepaalde pragmatisch-rhetorische middelen eigen maken die kenmerkend zijn voor t2 . deze hebben bij - voorbeeld betrekking op de keuze van de argumenten , de graad van formaliteit van de tekst , de mate van nuancering van het standpunt en het gebruik van stijlfiguren . bij het gebruik van deze linguistische en pragmatisch-rhetorische middelen in t2 kunnen schrijvers maar gedeeltelijk een beroep doen op de verschillende talige en niet-talige vaardigheden die ze hebben verworven in hun moedertaal . in die zin stelt het argumenterend schrijven in t2 allerlei extra eisen aan twee - de-taalschrijvers . 1998 . x + 322 pp . isbn 90-5569 - 045 - 7 . paperback . [ lot international series 2 . ifott / university of amsterdam dissertation . ] price for individuals ordering directly from hag : nlg 48 . 00 ( excl . p&p and vat ) . holland academic graphics , the hague < http : / / www . hag . nl > rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
 "",0
 2021,""Subject: g . mulder , indirecte en directe directieven
  
  indirecte en directe directieven . een analytisch en empirisch onderzoek naar taalhandelingen in het spaans door gijs mulder de lingustische structuren waarin verzoeken en andere directieve taalhandelingen worden uitgedrukt zijn heel uiteenlopend . direc - tieven zijn vaak indirect , omdat de spreker niet alleen bedoelt wat hij letterlijk zegt , maar ook iets anders . in het theoretische gedeelte van indirecte en directe directieven staat de vraag centraal wat precies onder een indirecte taalhandeling moet worden verstaan . verder worden indirecte taalhandelingen belicht vanuit het perspectief van de beleefdheidstheorie en de conversatielogica . in het toegepaste gedeelte wordt verslag gedaan van een kwalitatief en kwantitatief onderzoek naar directieven in het spaans , op basis van een corpus van alledaagse gesprekssituaties in hedendaagse toneelstukken en filmscenario 's . om de structuren van directieven uitputtend te kunnen beschrijven en empirisch te kunnen toetsen , is een model met verschillende dimensies ontwikkeld . inhoud : 1 . inleiding 2 . indirect taalgebruik 3 . indirecte taalhandelingen : een afbakening 4 . indirecte taalhandelingen en conversationele implicaturen 5 . indirecte taalhandelingen en beleefdheid 6 . directieven als object van onderzoek naar indirecte taalhandelingen 7 . een lingustisch model van realisaties van directieven 8 . de predicerende dimensie 9 . de persoons-deictische dimensie 10 . de modificerende dimensie 11 . de zinstype dimensie 12 . empirisch onderzoek naar directieven in het spaans 13 . conclusie 1998 . xii + 252 pp . isbn 90-5569 - 047 - 3 . paperback . [ lot international series 4 . ifott / university of amsterdam dissertation . ] price for individuals ordering directly from hag : nlg 41 . 20 ( excl . p&p and vat ) . holland academic graphics , the hague < http : \ \ www . hag . nl > rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
 "",0
 2022,""Subject: macintosh applications on classical philology
  
  riao rufilanchas , daniel . 1998 . """" aplicaciones de macintosh a la filolog ' ia cl ' asica . """" madrid : ediciones cl ' asicas . ( x + 180 pages , paperback , isbn : 84-7882 - 342 - 5 , 1 , 300 pts ; roughly equal to $ 8 ) . ( in spanish . english title : """" macintosh applications for the classical philology """" ) . this book offers information on computer applications of interest for students , researchers and scholars in the field of classics ( ancient greek and latin ) , including papyrologists and epigraphists . it also contains a long section that examines the existing text databases ( tlg , phi , cetedoc cd-rom s , etc ) and bibliographic databases ( dbc , dyabola , etc ) , even when the retrieval software is not implemented for the macintosh platform . it deals extensively with font and keyboard issues , and other aspects of the personal computer use that are most likely to appeal the philologist or linguist working with ancient greek or latin texts . summary of the table of contents : 1 . conceptos b ' asicos ( basic concepts ) 2 . fuentes y teclado ( fonts and keyboard ) 3 . programas de uso general empleados en el trabajo filol ' ogico ( general purpose programs often used in the philological work ) 4 . bases de datos textuales y bibliogr ' aficas ( text and bibliographical data bases ) 5 . aplicaciones espec ' ificas para filolog ' ia cl ' asica ( programs specifically designed for the classical philology ) 6 . utilidades generales especialmente ( all - purpose utilities ) 7 . presentaci ' on e intercambio de documentos en formato electr ' onico ( electronic-format documents interchange and presentation ) apndice 1 . direcciones de internet ( internet addresses ) apndice 2 . glosario de t ' erminos t ' ecnicos ( technical terms glossary ) apndice 3 . distribuidores de los productos ( products distributors ) apndice 4 . ' indice temtico ( thematic index ) . you can ask for the book to : ediciones cl ' asicas san maximo , 31 , 4 : 8 28041 - madrid spain ( no email or www address yet ) please , contact with the author for more information about the book at danielrr @ mad . servicom . es . addenda to book can be obtained via e-mail at the same address , and will be published in the author 's web page in the next weeks . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ daniel riao rufilanchas c . santa engracia 52 , 7 dcha . 28010 - madrid , espaa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
 "",0
 2023,""Subject: jornadas
  
  lenguaje , ciencia y sociedad con motivo de la investidura del profesor noam chomsky como doctor honoriscausa por la universitat rovira i virgili , van a tener lugar en tarragona durante los das 26 , 27 y 28 de octubre de 1998 unas jornadas sobre lenguaje , ciencia y sociedad con la participacin de destacadas personalidades de cada uno de los mbitos temticos y del profesor noam chomsky . programa : - lunes da 26 : 9 , 00 : recepcin 9 , 45 : presentacin 10 , 00 : carlos piera ( uam ) : maneras de pensar dentro y fuera de la lingstica 10 , 30 : itziar laka ( upv ) : delimitando la gramtica universal : la cuestin de la ergatividad en la gramtica generativa 11 , 00 : esther torrego ( umass ) : gramticas de primera y segundas lenguas 11 , 30 : joan mascar ( uab ) : rellevncia de la fonologia en la competncia lingstica 12 , 00 : descanso 12 , 30 : mesa redonda . modera : violeta demonte ( uam ) 18 , 00 : noam chomsky ( mit ) : minimalist inquires 19 , 00 : coloquio - martes da 27 : 10 , 00 : manuel garca carpintero ( ub ) : la naturalizacin de las ciencias cognitivas 10 , 30 : noam chomsky ( mit ) : mind and the rest of nature 11 , 00 : eudald carbonell ( urv ) : el procs d ' hominitzaci a la llum dels recents descobriments d ' atapuerca 11 , 30 : jorge wagensberg ( ub ) : sobre el concepto de progreso 12 , 00 : descanso 12 , 30 : mesa redonda . modera : nria sebastin ( ub ) 18 , 00 : camilo cela conde ( uib ) : cerebros y modelos de conocimiento 19 , 00 : coloquio - mircoles da 28 : 10 , 00 : joaqun estefana ( el pas ) : los nuevos paradigmas 10 , 30 : antoni domnec ( ub ) : algunos enigmas de la racionalidad econmica 11 , 00 : dolors comas ( urv ) : diferencia cultural y exclusin social en el contexto de la globalizacin 11 , 30 : descanso 12 , 30 : mesa redonda . modera : rosa m snchez - casas ( urv ) 18 , 00 : noam chomsky ( mit ) : markets and """" the substance of society """" 19 , 00 : coloquio habr traduccin simultnea de las conferencias de noam chomsky lugar : sala de actos de la facultad de ciencias de la educacin y psicologa 0rganiza : universitat rovira i virgili facultat de cincies de l ' educaci i psicologia departament de psicologia facultat de lletres departament d ' antropologia social i filosofia departament de filologies romniques comit organizador : jos eugenio garca - albea ristol ( dept . de psicologia ) jos antonio dez calzada ( dept . d ' antopologia social i filosofia ) natlia catal torres ( dept . de filologies romniques ) informacin : departament de psicologia facultat de cincies de l ' educaci i psicologia carretera valls s / n 43007 telf : 977 55 80 79 fax : 977 55 80 88 e-mail : jornades @ fcep . urv . es web : http : / / www . urv . es / novetats / novetats . html inscripciones : cuota de inscripcin : 2 . 500 pts . forma de pago : transferencia bancaria a la cuenta corriente de """" la caixa """" : 2100 - 3526 - 19-2500015279 el titular es la universitat rovira i virgili natlia
 "",0
 2024,""Subject: negation : syntax , semantics and pragmatics
  
  university of salford , greater manchester , uk european studies research institute north west centre for linguistics first annual international conference negation : syntax , semantics and pragmatics ( organiser : paul rowlett , salford ) friday 30 october to sunday 1 november 1998 faraday house , research & graduate college , university of salford , greater manchester , uk sponsored by : the british academy the linguistics association of great britain the french embassy in london keynote speakers william a laduasaw , ucsc , usa laurence r horn , yale , usa liliane haegeman , geneva , switzerland program ( booking form at the end of this posting ) friday 30 october 1998 8 . 45 - 9 . 15am registration and coffee 9 . 15 - 9 . 30am introduction and welcome 9 . 30-10 . 0am metalinguistic negation in focus , suengho ham , seoul university , korea 10 . 0-10 . 30am focus - induced neg-concord failures , vieri samek - lodovici , university college london , uk 10 . 30-11 . 0am the focusing negative ' mhaih ' in cantonese chinese : a look at contrastive and metalinguistic negation , juliet wai hong , university of texas at austin , usa 11 . 0-11 . 30am coffee 11 . 30am - 12noon compositional , inherent and frozen negation : lexicalism versus functional categories , kazuhiko fukushima , kansai gaidai university , japan 12noon - 1pm keynote lecture negation , saturation and predication , william ladusaw , university of california at santa cruz , usa 1 . 0 - 2 . 0pm lunch 2 . 0 - 2 . 30pm a minimalist approach to the syntax of multiple negation in french , hugues m . peters , university of the west indies , jamaica 2 . 30 - 3 . 0pm negation and the diachrony of features , anna roussou , university of wales , bangor , uk and ian roberts , stuttgart university , germany 3 . 0 - 3 . 30pm a lexical-functional approach to the syntax of negation in french , veronika knueppel , konstanz university , germany 3 . 30 - 4 . 0pm tea 4 . 0 - 4 . 30pm the riddle of n-words in polish : quantificational versus non-quantificational , universal versus existential , joanna blaszczak , humboldt university , berlin , germany 4 . 30 - 5 . 0pm negative polarity items in russian , asya pereltsvaig , mcgill university , montreal , canada 5 . 0 - 5 . 30pm negation in hungarian , john payne and erika chisarik , university of manchester , uk 6 . 0 - 7 . 0pm reception at blackwell 's campus bookshop saturday 31 october 1998 9 . 0 - 9 . 30am coffee 9 . 30-10 . 0am on romance sensitivity to non-veridicality , joao peres , university of lisbon , portugal 10 . 0-10 . 30am ( non - ) occurrence of sentential ' no ' in spanish negative sentences , javier martin - gonzalez , harvard university , usa 10 . 30-11 . 0am negation with [ - neg ] features , marie - therese vinet , sherbrooke university , quebec city , canada 11 . 0-11 . 30am coffee 11 . 30am - 12noon adverbial verb phrases and downwards monotonicity : negativity and the demorgan taxonomist 's dilemma , jay atlas , pomona college , california , usa 12noon - 1 . 0pm keynote lecture free - choice indefinites and the two ' any ' problem laurence r horn , yale university , usa 1 . 0 - 2 . 0pm lunch 2 . 0 - 2 . 30pm negative concord and the scope of universals , anastasia giannakidou , university of amsterdam , the netherlands 2 . 30 - 3 . 0pm procedural marking of propositional attitude in norwegian sentences with a negative ' wh ' - complement , thorsten fretheim , university of trondheim , norway 3 . 0 - 3 . 30pm some problems with the semantics of negation with reference to english and korean , hye - kung lee , university of cambridge , uk 3 . 30 - 4 . 0pm tea 4 . 0 - 4 . 30pm syntactic licensing of negative polarity , patrick a schindler , tuebingen university , germany 4 . 30 - 5 . 0pm the grammatical basis of polarity items , ana maria martins , university of lisbon , portugal 5 . 0 - 5 . 30pm the bi-polarity of ' any ' , lucia tovena , institute of scientific & technological research , trento , italy and jacques jayez , ecole des hautes etudes en sciences sociales , paris , france 5 . 30 - 6 . 30pm european studies research institute wine reception 8 . 0pm conference dinner ( manchester ) sunday 1 november 1998 9 . 0 - 9 . 30am coffee 9 . 30-10 . 0am focus particles in negative polarity in hindi , sharavan vasishth , ohio state university , usa 10 . 0-10 . 30am two types of negation in bengali , gillian ramchand , oxford university , uk 10 . 30-11 . 0am the syntax of negation and ov in late middle english , richard ingham , university of reading , uk 11 . 0-11 . 30am coffee 11 . 30-12 noon blocking effects in the expression of negation , jacob hoeksema , university of groningen , the netherlands 12noon - 1pm keynote lecture verb movement , tense and negation in west flemish , liliane haegeman , university of geneva , switzerland 1 . 0 - 2 . 0pm lunch 2 . 0 - 2 . 30pm negative polarity , modality and the comparative : a parametric approach , nathalie schapansky , simon fraser university , british colombia , canada 2 . 30 - 3 . 0pm negation and the acquisition of 's trong ' indefinites , irene kraemer , max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen , the netherlands 3 . 0 - 3 . 30pm head - movement in negation in english , annabel cormack and neil smith , university college london , uk 3 . 30 - 4 . 0pm tea alternates how many types of npi are there ? evidence from korean and english , chungmin lee , seoul national university , korea negative chains and operator movement , rita bhandari , suny , usa grammaticalization in progress : the development of a negative focus particle , ton van der wouden , universities of groningen & leiden , the netherlands negative constituent licensing in a negative concord language , nedzad leko , university of oslo , norway welsh negation , robert d borsley , university of wales , bangor , uk and bob morris - jones , university of wales , aberystwyth , uk - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - for bookings , please print out the registration form below , fill it in and return it with full conference fee to the address given . please note closing date for bookings : 9 october 1998 . university of salford , greater manchester , uk european studies research institute north west centre for linguistics first annual international conference negation : syntax , semantics and pragmatics ( organiser : paul rowlett , salford ) friday 30 october to sunday 1 november 1998 faraday house , research & graduate college , university of salford , greater manchester , uk sponsored by : the british academy the linguistics association of great britain the french embassy in london registration form to arrive before friday 9 october 1998 title : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ surname : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name ( s ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postcode / zipcode : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ daytime telephone number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration fee : gbp60 . 00 ( gbp30 . 00 for students ) includes all refreshments , buffet lunches and wine reception subtotal : gbp _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ saturday 31 october 1998 conference dinner : gbp16 . 00 subtotal : gbp _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ are you vegetarian ? yes / no please provide details of any specific dietary requirements : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total payment : gbp _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cheques should be made payable to ' the university of salford ' in sterling only . alternatively , payment by credit card ( visa / mastercard ) is possible : card no . : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiry date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card holder 's name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ billing address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ an official receipt will be sent once registration forms , payment details or cheques have been received . please send completed registration forms ( and cheques ) to : miss wendy pickles , esri conference administrator , university of salford , crescent house , the crescent , salford , greater manchester m5 4wt , uk . telephone : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 5275 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 5223 e - mail : w . pickles @ esri . salford . ac . uk closing date for registration : friday 9 october 1998
 "",0
 2025,""Subject: computer assisted language learning
  
  the international journal computer assisted language learning ( http : / / www . swets . nl / sps / journals / call . html ) is seeking submissions for a special edition focusing on the work of scholars based in japan . aims and scope : computer assisted language learning is an international journal which leads the field in its total dedication to all matters associated with the use of computers in language learning ( l1 and l2 ) it provides a forum to discuss the discoveries in the field and to exchange experience and information about existing techniques . the scope of the journal is intentionally wide-ranging and embraces a multitude of disciplines . areas covered : - pedagogical principles and their applications - cognitive modelling - observations on , and evaluation of , call software - intelligent tutoring systems - digitised versions of video and audio - application of ai to language teaching - computer assisted translation - computer assisted composition - multi - lingual systems - simulated - active learning environments audience : teachers and researchers , linguists , computer scientists , psychologists , and educationalists contributions may be e-mailed to mark peterson at japan advanced institute of science and technology e-mail mark @ jaist . ac . jp . the deadline for submissions will be september 30th 1998 . - - - - japan advanced institute of science and technology http : / / www . jaist . ac . jp / ~ mark /
 "",0
 2026,""Subject: cal ' 98 : extended deadline for abstracts
  
  fourth conference on afroasiatic languages soas , london 25-27 june 1998 guest speakers : robert hoberman , paul newman , john saeed , baye yimam call for abstracts - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the fourth conference on afro - asiatic languages is to be held 25 - 27th june , 1998 , in london , england , organised by the school of oriental and african studies ( soas ) . the aim of the conference is to promote research in theoretical linguistics in relation to afro - asiatic languages . the editorial committee hopes to undertake the publication of a collection of papers based on the presentations at the colloquium , a volume in the series studies in afro - asiatic grammar ( holland academic graphics ) . abstracts are invited for thirty minute talks ( 30 + 10 ) in all areas of syntax , morphology and phonology . abstracts should be no less than one page and may not exceed two pages . send five anonymous copies of the abstracts and one copy with the name of author ( s ) and institution ( s ) . include a card containing the following information : name of author ( s ) , title of the paper , address and affiliation , phone number , fax and e-mail address ( if available ) . abstracts must be received by 15th february 1998 ( extended deadline ) . e - mail or fax submissions are accepted . send only one anonymous abstract in this case . all abstracts will be anonymously reviewed . address for abstracts : conference on afro - asiatic languages selection committee centre of african studies soas thornhaugh st . , russell square london , wc1h 0xg , u . k . fax : + 44 - ( 0 ) 171-323 - 6254 e - mail : cal @ soas . ac . uk website to be established = january 1998 : http : \ \ www . soas . ac . uk \ linguistics local committee : richard hayward , africa department , soas ; bruce ingham , linguistics department , soas ; jamal ouhalla , queen mary & westfield college ; denise perrett , soas .
 "",0
 2027,""Subject: conference on language teacher education
  
  announcement and call for papers the center for advanced research on language acquisition at the university of minnesota announces an international conference on language teacher education may 20 - 23 , 1999 radisson-metrodome hotel minneapolis , minnesota , usa this conference will be of interest to anyone involved in the preparation and ongoing professional development of language teachers of all kinds : practitioners and researchers in the various sub-fields of language teacher education . the conference will address the education of teachers of all languages , at all instructional and institutional levels , and in all the many national and international contexts in which this takes place , including : esl / efl ; foreign / modern / world language teaching ; bilingual education ; immersion education ; indigenous and minority languages ; and the teaching of less commonly taught languages . the conference aims to bring together research , theory , and best practices from all these contexts , and to initiate and sustain meaningful professional dialogue across languages , levels , and settings . speakers and panelists will include : * gloria ladson - billings ( keynote address ) * jack richards ( honorary conference chair ) * dick allwright * elizabeth bernhardt * pat chaput * donald freeman * eugene garcia * kris gutierrez * nancy hornberger * karen e . johnson * denise mckeon * mimi met * june phillips the conference will focus on four principal themes : i . the knowledge base of language teacher education ii . social , cultural and political contexts of language teacher education iii . the processes of language teacher education iv . language teacher education policy for further information about the conference , and to be added to our mailing list , contact : international conference on language teacher education , carla , 333 appleby hall , university of minnesota , mpls mn 55455 . phone : 612-626 - 8600 . fax : 612-624 - 7514 . e - mail : < carla @ tc . umn . edu > . web : < http : / / carla . acad . umn . edu / teacher-ed . html > . more program information and registration forms will be included in a later mailing in fall 1998 . the call for papers follows below . please forward this announcement and call to others who may be interested ! call for papers the international conference on language teacher education welcomes proposals for papers on all aspects of the education and professional development of language teachers . papers may report on data-based research , theoretical and conceptual analyses , or best practices in language teacher education . the conference will focus on four broad themes . proposals are more likely to be accepted if they address one of these themes : theme i : the knowledge base of language teacher education a central issue in language teacher education is the question of what constitutes the knowledge base of language teaching and how it relates to the processes and content of teacher education . issues in this theme may include : * teachers ' knowledge and beliefs * teacher learning in formal and informal contexts * teachers ' ways of knowing * teacher socialization * professionalism * the nature of disciplinary knowledge . theme ii : social , cultural , and political contexts of language teacher education language teacher education takes place in multiple contexts and with diverse populations , where language , culture and identity are intricately bound together . papers in this theme may include critical and analytical perspectives on : * institutions , communities , and discourses within which teacher education practices are situated * power , status , and authority and language teacher education * diversity and equity in language teacher education , including issues of race , class , gender , sexual orientation , and language * the socially situated nature of language and learning theme iii : processes of language teacher education the processes of language teacher education refer to the ways in which the knowledge base is conceptualized and operationalized . these are constructed through the contributions and interpretations that all participants bring to the process . processes may include : * program design * curriculum * pedagogical methods * organization of instruction * practica * materials * observation / supervision * professional development for teachers at all experience levels theme iv : policy in language teacher education actions taken by formal and informal decision-making bodies have an impact on language teacher education . these policies influence the directions of teacher education even though they may or may not involve the participation of teacher educators . they can be formulated at the institutional , local , state , or national levels , and may include : * standards * legislative mandates * teacher education program requirements * recruitment and retention * advocacy by language teacher organizations presentations will be 30 minutes in length . in line with the dialogical spirit of the conference , each session of two or three papers will include presentations concerned with different contexts and types of language teacher education . submit proposals in the following form : i . 8 copies of a one-page , single-spaced abstract with the title of the presentation and the theme it addresses indicated in the top left-hand corner ( your name and institution should not appear on these copies ) . ii . 1 additional copy of the abstract which includes your name and institution in the top right-hand corner . iii . a 50 - word summary of your presentation to be published in the conference program . iv . a copy of the form attached below . proposals are to be sent to : dr . bill johnston , chair of the program committee , international conference on language teacher education , ilasll , university of minnesota , klaeber court 192 , 320 16th st . se , minneapolis , mn 55455 . phone : 612-626 - 2269 . e - mail : < billj @ tc . umn . edu > . submissions should be postmarked no later than october 31 , 1998 ( please note the extended deadline ) . submissions from outside the continental us only may be sent by fax to the following number : 612-627 - 1875 . applicants will be notified of the program committee 's decision no later than december 31 , 1998 . selected papers from the conference will be published in a collection of conference proceedings . proposal form a . information about presentation presenter 's name : title of presentation : theme : b . presenter information : institution : address : phone number work : home : fax : e - mail :
 "",0
 2028,""Subject: international lexical functional grammar conf
  
  call for papers lfg99 1999 international lexical functional grammar conference 19 july - 21 july 1999 the university of manchester submission receipt deadline : 15 february 1999 url : http : / / lings . ln . man . ac . uk / html / lfg / enquiries : lfg99 @ man . ac . uk the university of manchester is pleased to invite you to participate in lfg99 which will take place from monday , july 19 till wednesday , july 21 1999 at the university of manchester , uk . the conference welcomes work both within the formal architecture of lexical - functional grammar and typological , formal , and computational work within the 's pirit of lfg ' , as a lexicalist approach to language employing a parallel , constraint-based framework . the conference aims to promote interaction and collaboration among researchers interested in nonderivational approaches to grammar , where grammar is seen as the interaction of constraints from multiple dimensions of linguistic substance , including category information , grammatical relations , and semantic information . further information about the syntactic theory lfg can be obtained from : http : / / clwww . essex . ac . uk / lfg / submissions the conference will involve 30 - minute talks , poster / system presentations , and workshops . talks and poster presentations will focus on results from completed as well as ongoing research , with an emphasis on novel approaches , methods , ideas , and perspectives , whether descriptive , theoretical , formal or computational . we particularly welcome papers and suggestions for workshops on a given language area . presentations should describe original , unpublished work . abstracts and papers must be received by february 15 , 1999 , and should be submitted to the program committee chairs at the address given below . for further information or offers of organisational help , contact the local organisers at the address below . poster / system presentations a scheduled session for posters and the demonstration of systems is planned as part of the conference , with the posters also available for viewing at other times throughout the conferece . workshops workshops are a small group of talks ( 2 - 4 ) on a coherent topic that can be expected to generate opposing views and discussion with the broader audience . participants to workshops are usually invited . workshop papers should be distributed in advance among participants and participants should refer to each others approaches . at this point in time , we welcome suggestions for workshops from potential organisers or people with certain interests . suggestions for workshops should be sent to the local organizers at lfg99 @ man . ac . uk . topics that have been mentioned for potential workshops include : - phenomena within a given language area ( such as amerindian ) - field work and linguistic theory - event conceptualization and lexical semantics - constructions / construction grammar and lfg actual workshop topics and participants will be announced later . timetable deadline for workshop proposals : 30 november 1998 deadline for receipt of submissions : 15 february 1999 acceptances sent out : 31 march 1999 conference : 19 july - 21 july 1999 submission specifications people may submit either abstracts or full length papers for refereeing . the advantages of full paper submission are that it allows better assessment of your work and that ( at least for some people ) accepted refereed full papers count as a higher status publication . the program chairs may decide that certain submissions are better as poster presentations than as read papers . submitters may also indicate if they wish a submission to be considered as a poster / system presentation . full length papers . papers should be no more than 15 pages , including figures and references , in 11 or 12pt type , on a4 / us letter paper . the printed text area must not exceed 165x230mm ( 6 . 5x9 inches ) , and should be centred horizontally and vertically on the page . omit name and affiliation , and obvious self reference from the version for review . papers should include a roughly 100-200 word abstract at the beginning . abstracts . abstracts should be one a4 page in 10pt or larger type and include a title . omit name and affiliation , and obvious self reference . a second page may be used for data , c - / f - and related structures , and references . papers / abstracts may be submitted by email or by regular mail ( or by both means as a safety measure ) . email submission is preferred . regular mail include : - five copies of the abstract / paper . - a card or cover sheet with the paper title , name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliation , address , phone / fax number , e-mail address , and whether the author ( s ) are students . email . include or attach your paper as either a plain ascii text , html , or postscript file . include the paper title , name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , address , phone / fax number , email address , and whether the author ( s ) are students in the body of your email message . all papers / abstracts will be reviewed by at least two people . papers will appear in the proceedings which will be published online by csli publications . selected papers may also appear in a printed volume published by csli publications . organisers and their contact addresses send paper / abstract / poster submissions and inquiries about submissions to : program committee chairs : tracy king < thking @ parc . xerox . com > miriam butt < miriam . butt @ uni-konstanz . de > mail : tracy holloway king information sciences and technologies laboratory xerox parc 3333 coyote hill road palo alto ca 94304 usa contact the conference organisers at : email : lfg99 @ man . ac . uk mail : kersti borjars or nigel vincent department of linguistics university of manchester manchester m13 9pl uk associated events given the great success of the pre-conference bushwalk organized as part of lfg98 , we are planning an organised walk in the peak district for the weekend preceding the conference . details and information on how to sign up for it will be provided in a subsequent call for papers . on the last evening of the conference there will be a conference dinner in a stately home on the outskirts of manchester . location the conference will be held at hulme hall , a hall of residence near the main university buildings . different types of b&b accommodation will be available in hulme hall , where all lectures , book displays etc will also take place . details of this and registration form will be provided at a later stage .
 "",0
 2029,""Subject: acl ' 99 theme final cfp
  
  final call for theme proposals acl-99 conference : the 37th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics university of maryland june 22 - - 27 1999 the association for computational linguistics would like to encourage the submission of papers on substantial , original , and unpublished research on all aspects of computational linguistics . a particular aim for the 1999 conference is a broadening of both the thematic coverage and geographical origin of submissions ; to this end , we are experimenting with a new format . some proportion of the conference will be given over to special sessions , somewhat like a special issue of a journal , organised around themes proposed by members of the nlp community . our aim is to incorporate some of the intensity and excitement of the traditional post-conference workshops , without replacing those workshops - - - we expect , as has become traditional , that there will also be a set of post-conference workshops that will remain separate from the main meeting . this call invites proposals for thematic sessions in accordance with the considerations below ; a final call for papers will be sent out in early november . what is a thematic session ? we are soliciting proposals for themes that will provide 4 - - 8 high quality papers , typically forming one or two sessions in the main conference . proposers of accepted themes , who will become the chairs of those sessions , will have similar responsibilities to those of workshop organisers in terms of arranging reviewing and the delivery of camera ready copy ; however , the papers will be scheduled as part of the main sessions and will be published as part of the main conference proceedings . in terms of subject area coverage , we expect thematic sessions will be closer to workshop topic areas in focus . format of theme proposals please specify the following : - - chair details : name , address , email , telephone number , fax - - title - - summary : at most one page describing the proposed subject area , citing evidence that there is sufficient interest in the area to generate enough high quality submissions to populate up to a half-day 's worth of presentations . - - proposed review committee : each paper submitted should be reviewed by at least three people . as part of your proposal , you should suggest a potential review committee of around 12 people who will be asked to serve on the committee if the proposal is accepted . your list should demonstrate the spread of interest in the area in the community , encouraging both international participation and the participation of a broad range of researchers , including both senior members of the community and graduate students . theme proposals should be submitted to the email address provided below . informal enquiries as to what might work as a theme can also be directed to this address in advance of the submission date . possible themes might be topics like : nlp and data mining ; word segmentation in asian languages ; reconciling functional and formal approaches to syntax ; approaches to concept to speech . we provide these examples only as indications of the variety of topic areas that will be considered . important dates this call issued : september 14 , 1998 theme submissions deadline : october 12 , 1998 notification of selected themes : october 26 , 1998 call for papers : early november 1998 paper submissions deadline : january 25 , 1999 notification of acceptance : march 22 , 1999 camera ready papers due : may 3 , 1999 general submission questions chairs for the acl-99 program are ken church and robert dale . all queries regarding the program should be sent to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au ; this forwards to both authors . submission format theme proposals should be of approximately two pages in length , ideally submitted in ascii by email to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au with the subject : """" acl99 theme proposal """" . more complicated formats such as standalone latex ( not requiring additional style files ) , postscript , and word will be accepted if they print on the first try . hardcopy proposals should be faxed or mailed to * both * of the chairs , clearly labeled """" acl99 theme proposal """" . proposals should be received by 5pm gmt on october 12th 1998 . ken church ( co - chair ) robert dale ( chair ) at&t labs - research microsoft research institute 180 park ave , office d235 school of mpce po box 971 macquarie university florham park , nj 07932-0971 , usa sydney nsw 2109 , australia kwc @ research . att . com robert . dale @ mq . edu . au tel : + 1 973-360 - 8620 tel : + 61 2 9850 6331 fax : + 1 973-360 - 8077 fax : + 61 2 9850 9529
 "",0
 2030,""Subject: c . t . james huang , syntax
  
  syntax huang , c . t . james ; logical relations in chinese and the theory of grammar ; 0-8153 - 3136 - 3 , cloth ; pages , $ 89 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this classic study in theoretical and chinese syntax has proven influential in recent developments of syntactic theory in areas as diverse as phrase structure , quantifier scope , anaphora , movement constraints , the form and meaning of interrogative sentences , and the nature of logical form . huang gives a detailed analysis of a wide range of grammatical constructions in chinese ( and english ) and shows that his analyses shed important new light on the theory of universal grammar and linguistic typology , often in ways unavailable from the study of english and other familiar european languages . some of the results of this work are : ( a ) a parametric theory of quantifier scope ; ( b ) a relativized notion of a ' governing category ' for chomsky 's ( 1981 ) binding theory ; ( c ) a theory of generalized control that derives the pro drop parameter and related phenomena ; ( d ) a proposed condition on extraction domains ( ced ) on overt movement ; ( e ) a proposal of lf wh-movement for languages without wh-movement ; and ( f ) a generalizationof the ecp to account for a full range of adjunct / complement asymmetriesand subject / object asymmetries in syntactic and lf extraction . the proposed analyses exemplify how an optimal theory of typology should come about as the ' by-product ' of an optimal theory of ug . the author is professor of linguistics at the university of california , irvine . e - mail : info @ garland . com
 "",0
 2031,""Subject: igg call for papers
  
  xxv incontro di grammatica generativa universita ' di siena february , 25-27 1999 conference announcement and call for papers please post ! next year the traditional annual meeting of italian generativists will take place in siena at the end of february ( february , 25-27 1999 ) . abstract submission : the incontro will consist of approximately 20 talks of 40 minutes each plus discussion . official languages of the incontro will be both italian and english . abstracts may not exceed 2 pages and should be sent anonymously in four copies , accompanied by a camera-ready original with the author 's name , e-mail address and affiliation to the following address : xxv incontro di grammatica generativa prof . luigi rizzi universita ' di siena scienze della comunicazione facolta ' di lettere e filosofia via del giglio 14 53100 siena fax number : + 39 0577 298461 ( please note that if you use fax , you can just send one anonymous copy together with the camera-ready one ) . deadline for submission of abstracts : december , 12 1998 the invited speaker to the conference will be ian roberts of the university of stuttgart . some information on how to get to siena and where to stay during the conference will be given in a following message . however , if you need to contact the organizers , please send an e-mail to : igg @ unisi . it
 "",0
 2032,""Subject: call for papers
  
  call for papers annual conference of the caal ( canadian association of applied linguistics ) , 1999 ( during the annual meetings of the social sciences and humanities federation ) june 3 to 5 , 1999 university of sherbrooke , sherbrooke , quebec proposals are invited for individual presentations or colloquia on the two major themes : language planning and language pedagogy . open papers are also acceptable . for more information , please see the full text of the call for papers : http : / / www . uwo . ca / french / acla / caal98eng . html proposals should be sent by e-mail before december 18 , 1998 to aclacaal @ julian . uwo . ca * * * * * appel aux communications congres annuel de l ' acla ( association canadienne de linguistique appliquee ) du 3 au 5 juin 1999 ( pendant la rencontre annuelle de la federation des sciences humaines ) universite de sherbrooke , sherbrooke ( quebec ) le comite scientifique sollicite des propositions de communication et de symposium sur les deux themes principaux : l ' amenagement linguistique et la pedagogie des langues . les communications portant sur d ' autres sujets seront egalement acceptees . pour plus de renseignements , veuillez consulter le texte complet de l ' appel de communications : http : / / www . uwo . ca / french / acla / caal98fra . html les propositions doivent etre adressees avant le 18 decembre 1998 par electronique a aclacaal @ julian . uwo . ca = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = jeff tennant associate professor / professeur agrege departement de francais / department of french the university of western ontario london , ontario n6a 3k7 canada tel : ( 519 ) 661-2111 xt 5688 ( 519 ) 661-2163 ( messages ) fax : ( 519 ) 661-3470 jtennant @ julian . uwo . ca http : / / www . uwo . ca / french / = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
 "",0
 2033,""Subject: semantics
  
  we would like to inform the members of linguist that a new book called semantiques , under the direction of michel chambreuil , has just been published in french by hermes . ( ben gharbia , bernigot , chambreuil , gamallo , panissod , reinberger ( 1998 ) , semantiques . paris , hermes . ) abstract : what can be , today , the object of the semantics of natural languages ? what hypotheses can be advanced on the entities associated to linguistic expressions , and on the operations involved in the processing of complex expressions ? implicit or explicit , these questions are present in all theoretical research on the semantics of natural language . by the analysis of different linguistic theories , following a similar outline for each of them , this book permits a critical reflection on these questions . it also aims at making the current research in which these theories are present more accessible for the reader . moreover , this research , by considering issues on the dynamics of the processing of information , its contextualisation , and the fundamental cognitive abilities of the speaker , is also in line with broader issues concerning , for instance , different domains of computer science or also cognitive sciences . the different theories dealt with are first order predicate logic , intensional semantics , boolean semantics , general semantics ( vanderveken ) , dynamic semantics , situation theory and cognitive grammar . the authors of this book , who are linguists , computer scientists , mathematicians , are members of the group of semantics of the laboratory of research on language ( lrl ) of the university blaise pascal , clermont ii . their research concerns the analysis of fundamental semantic principles , from specific issues such as : conceptual combination , coordination , quantification . michel chambreuil , mathematician and linguist , is professor at the university blaise pascal , clermont - ferrand , france . this book can be ordered : - on www . editions-hermes . fr , - or at the following adress : 8 , quai du march - neuf - 75004 paris - france , - or by fax ( 01 53 10 15 21 ) , - or by e-mail : hermes @ iway . fr
 "",0
 2034,""Subject: isfc ' 99
  
  isfc99 - - the 26th systemic functional institute and congress department of english language & literature national university of singapore institute : 22-24 july 1999 congress : 26-30 july 1999 theme : linguistics and education on entering the 21st century the institute the three day institute preceding the congress offers courses in the theory and practice of systemic functional linguistics ( sfl ) by leading figures within the field . for those who are not familiar with the model , the courses can provide the necessary background for the congress which is to follow . the major themes that will be treated at the institute include grammar , discourse , sociolinguistics , education , literature , information technology and computational methods . the congress the congress will bring together systemic functional linguists and those interested in finding out more about the ever increasing range of applications of sfl . with the 26th international systemic functional congress ( isfc99 ) being held in singapore , we extend a specially warm welcome to australian and asian participants . in addition we hope that many from europe , north america and other parts will be able to join us here in what should be a very special occasion , with a list of plenary speakers that includes michael halliday , ruqaiya hasan , hu zhuanglin , jim martin , fran christie and michael o ' toole . the congress theme is linguistics and education on entering the 21st century . we welcome contributions from any of the growing number of theoretical and practical fields of sfl including extensions to other semiotic systems , and applications of sfl to education . while we expect the majority of papers and workshops to be located within a sfl framework , we welcome other contributions including those that offer an alternative perspective . call for offers of papers and workshops if you would like to offer a paper or a workshop , please send your proposal of one page ( a4 or us legal or email equivalent ) email , fax or hardcopy to the address below by 31st december 1998 . if you need a letter of acceptance for funding purposes , please inform us by marking your proposal """" urgent """" . papers should be designed to fit into a 40 minute slot which includes the time for questions and discussion . the workshops are three hours long . the workshops offer the opportunity for discussion , learning and improving skills such as developing theoretical knowledge and text analysis and demonstration of software and so forth . partial funding partial funding to attend the institute and congress will be considered in exceptional circumstances how to receive the second circular the second circular will contain details of the programme for the institute and congress , a list of the costs and the registration forms . it is essential that you write , fax or email us in order to receive a copy . the message need only be : """" request for second circular """" . also if you would like copies of the isfc99 poster , please let us know and we will forward the required number to you . address for correspondence and secretariat email : ellsfc99 @ nus . edu . sg post : isfc99 department of english language and literature national university of singapore 10 kent ridge crescent singapore 119260 fax : ( 65 ) 773 2981 website : further information will be posted on the website : http : / / www . fas . nus . edu . sg / ell / systemic / isfc-99 . html location of the institute and congress both the institute and congress will be held at the regional language centre ( relc ) , international hotel in the centre of singapore . this centre offers first rate conference facilities including accommodation , breakfasts and lunches ( and coffee breaks ) . more information about the facilities and what to do in singapore will be provided in the second circular . institute and congress organisers joseph foley , kay o'halloran , lionel wee , lisa lim , benny lee and vincent ooi and joyce james ( relc ) . any enquiries related to academic matters may be directed to : joe foley ellfoley @ nus . edu . sg kay o'halloran ellkoh @ leonis . nus . edu . sg
 "",0
 2035,""Subject: dialogues on bakhtin
  
  dialogues on bakhtin : interdisciplinary readings mika lhteenmki & hannele dufva ( toim . ) jyvskyl : centre for applied language studies , 1998 . 116 s . the ideas of mikhail bakhtin ( 1895-1975 ) , who has become the foremost russian philosopher and thinker in the humanities , have received much scholarly interest in the recent years . thus , the legacy of bakhtin , which during his lifetime clearly belonged to the realm of ' unofficial ' , has by today gained a firm official and institutional status both in his homeland and in the west . the present volume represents an interdisciplinary view to the work of mikhail bakhtin . the articles cover ' bakhtinology proper ' as well as recontextualizations of bakhtinian metaphors within various disciplines , such as linguistics , psychology of language , literary criticism and psychotherapy . contents : c . brandist & d . shepherd : from saransk to cyberspace : towards an electronic edition of bakhtin v . makhlin : bakhtin against the current e . peuranen : bakhtin : soft and hard k . matilainen : bakhtin and modernity : crisis of the architechtonic , crisis of the dialogue , crisis of the carnivalesque m . lhteenmki : on dynamics and stability : saussure , voloshinov , and bakhtin o . - p . salo : developing language in social context : on the relationship between dialogical theory and the study of language acquisition h . dufva : from ' psycholinguistics ' to a dialogical psychology of language : aspects of the inner discourse ( s ) m . leiman : words as intersubjective mediator in psychotherapeutic discourse : the presence of hidden voices in patient utterances price : 80 fim inquiries and orders : centre for applied language studies university of jyvskyl , pl 35 , 40351 jyvskyl fax + 358-14 - 603 521 ; e-mail : toimisto @ kkkk . jyu . fi
 "",0
 2036,""Subject: tei report , call for proposals
  
  the future of the tei report and final invitation for proposals 1 background information as reported on this list in early september , the text encoding initiative is considering options for its future organization and funding , and is actively exploring the possibility of a consortium or cooperative organization to support the maintenance and extension of the tei guidelines . on 3 - 4 october , the tei executive committee met with representatives of the tei 's sponsoring organizations ( ach , acl , and allc ) and of some prospective host institutions . the purpose of this note is - to report to the community on the steps being taken toward the goal of a new organization for the tei , - to outline for all concerned the current schedule of events leading toward a final decision , and - to reiterate the invitation for institutions interested in hosting a tei organization to contact the tei as soon as possible , in order to ensure that any proposals can receive full consideration . 2 issues list in the course of the meeting , we elaborated a list of issues which must be resolved in the course of any decision on the tei 's future organization and structure ; any proposal for organizing and hosting a tei structure is expected to address these questions . - intellectual property rights : the tei 's sponsoring organizations are taking steps to clarify the current status of rights in the tei ; any new structure needs to make clear how those rights are to be managed in the future . there is a strong conviction that in any new organizational structure the results of the tei 's work must remain publicly accessible , as they are now . - the governance and legal status of the proposed organization must be described . it is essential that the legal structure be one that allows full participation by institutions and individuals from all countries ; in particular , institutions in the european and north american countries where tei activity and use are currently most common should be on an equal footing . - proposals need to specify a plausible business plan and indicate the level of fees and other funding needed to make the proposed organization self-sustaining . the executive committee and sponsoring organizations have no particular requirements on this topic ( beyond the hope that membership fees not be prohibitively expensive ) ; prospective hosts must take into account the cultural differences between europe and america as regards fees for membership in consortia and cooperative organizations . - geography : there is a strong wish that the international flavor of the tei be maintained with regard to the membership , governance , and provision of service by a tei organization . - the tei has developed a structure and a set of procedures for organizing and carrying out the intellectual work of maintaining the guidelines ; proposals for the tei 's future need to specify in how far these procedures will be retained , and how they will be changed . - proposals for a tei organization should contain provisions describing what is to happen if the organization is unsuccessful ; such a fall-back plan should provide among other things for the reversion of the tei to the original sponsoring organizations . - the future role of the current sponsoring organizations in the future guidance of the tei must be spelled out . there is , in principle , a broad range of possibilities here ; in practice , the current sponsoring organizations wish to have some active role in the governance of the tei , at least for some initial period - - both in order to ensure continuity in the project and to demonstrate their continuing support for the tei and its goals . - the scope of the proposed organization or cooperative must also be clear - - where 's cope ' may be described in terms of discipline , or of type of activity , or of the common bases or foci of activities . the sponsoring organizations recognize that standards of many kinds may be relevant to the activities of their members , and they expect to continue collaborating with each other on standards of mutual concern . whatever institutional and organizational framework is set up for the tei must be in a position to collaborate flexibly with future initiatives of the sponsoring organizations ( as well as continuing the tei 's involvement in work on related standards like xml ) . 3 timetable the timetable for the decision about the future organization of the tei is as follows : 31 october 1998 : initial proposals should be received from prospective hosts . november 1998 : a review committee consisting of the tei executive committee and additional representatives from the sponsoring organizations will review and discuss the proposals and ask proposers for explanations and clarification of matters of detail in the proposals . 30 november 1998 : cut-off for the discussion process , and deadline for submission of revised proposals , with full institutional commitments . early to mid - december 1998 : a short list of proposals will be selected , and proposers will be notified and invited to give final presentations at a meeting in january 1999 . mid - january 1999 : meeting of review committee to receive final presentations , following which the sponsoring organizations will decide the future arrangements for the tei . 31 january 1999 : public announcement of the decision made by the sponsoring organizations will be made by the end of january . 4 invitation institutions interested in proposing to organize and host a tei organization ( or to make any other proposal for the future of the tei ) should contact the tei secretariat as soon as possible at the address below for further information , since initial proposals are expected at the end of october , and final proposals , including full institutional commitments , are due 30 november . members of the sponsoring organizations , or other users of the tei , who would like to express their views on any of the issues outlined above , or to suggest other issues that should be considered , are invited to comment on tei - l , or to contact the appropriate bodies within their association , or to write directly to the tei executive committee in care of the address below . - c . m . sperberg - mcqueen , university of illinois at chicago lou burnard , oxford university tei secretariat : c . m . sperberg - mcqueen , tei @ uic . edu
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 2037,""Subject: cfp : foundation for endangered langages
  
  the foundation for endangered languages is now accepting proposals for projects of work that will support , enable or assist the documentation , protection or promotion of one or more endangered languages . please pass on this announcement to your friends and colleagues in endangered language communities who may not have access to the internet or e-mail . form for submissions there is a form which defines the content of appropriate proposals , and this may be obtained from the foundation 's liaison officer , christopher moseley , < chris _ moseley @ mon . bbc . co . uk > 2 wanbourne lane , nettlebed . oxfordshire rg9 5ah england fax + 44-1491 - 641922 all proposals must be submitted in this form , to ensure comparability ( although see note 4 below ) . deadline the time-limit for proposals to be considered in the current round will be the 8th of november 1998 . by that date , proposals and supporting testimonials must reach christopher moseley , at the address specified in the form . the fel committee will announce its decision before the 31st of december 1998 . four points to note especially : 1 . the foundation 's funds are extremely limited and it is not anticipated that any award will be greater than us $ 1 , 000 . smaller proposals stand a better chance of funding . 2 . where possible , work undertaken within endangered language communities themselves will be preferred . 3 . the foundation for endangered languages ( fel ) is a separate from the endangered language fund ( elf ) < elf @ haskins . yale . edu > , which is also announcing its request for proposals about now , but on a somewhat different timescale . it is perfectly possible ( and has indeed occurred in the past ) that the same project can be partially funded by both fel and elf . 4 . those who have already submitted proposals to fel speculatively should contact chris moseley to confirm what information , if any , still needs to be submitted . the form should be used to submit this additional information . nicholas ostler president foundation for endangered languages uk registered charity 1070616 http : / / www . bris . ac . uk / depts / philosophy / ctll / fel / batheaston villa , 172 bailbrook lane bath ba1 7aa england + 44-1225 - 85-2865 fax + 44-1225 - 85-9258 nostler @ chibcha . demon . co . uk
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 2038,""Subject: arabic linguistics socitey program
  
  the arabic linguistics society together with the university of illinois at champaign - urbana announce the twelfth annual symposium on arabic linguistics march 6 - 8 , 1998 friday , march 6 morning session 8 : 30 - 8 : 45 registration 8 : 45 - 9 : 00 welcoming remarks 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 hypocoristic formation in ammani - jordanian arabic bushra zawaydeh and stuart davis , indiana university 9 : 30 - 10 : 00 an acoustic - articulatory study of uvularization khalil iskarous , university of illinois 10 : 00-10 : 30 the phonology of emphasis and timbre in moroccan arabic mostafa shoul , mohammed i university 10 : 30-11 : 00 the spreading effect of emphatic consonants on long vowels in modern standard arabic ahmed alioua , universit cadi ayyad 11 : 00-11 : 15 coffee 11 : 15-12 : 15 modes of interrogation guest speaker : joseph aoun university of southern california afternoon session 2 : 00 - 2 : 30 checking and licensing inside dp in arabic m . a . mohammad , university of florida 2 : 30 - 3 : 00 dialect variation in arabic : the case of tetuani arabic and spanish arabic jamal ouhalla , university of london 3 : 00 - 3 : 15 coffee 3 : 15 - 3 : 45 free relatives in lebanese arabic lina choueiri , university of southern california 3 : 45 - 4 : 15 principled concordance peter hallman , ucla 4 : 15 - 4 : 45 arabic morphological causatives : numeration and local economy mark letourneau , weber state university 4 : 45 - 5 : 15 correspondence in arabic morphology ali idrissi , king abdulaziz university 6 : 00 reception , colonial room saturday , march 7 morning session 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 ( 8 ) and ( 9 ) as ternary and binary variables in damascus arabic jamil daher , new york university 9 : 30 - 10 : 00 avoidance behavior in writing arabic : an exploratory study of l1 linguistic insecurity kirk belnap , byu 10 : 00-10 : 30 contact between arabic and arabic : distancing frames in reported speech niloofar haeri , johns hopkins university 10 : 30-11 : 00 code alternations among arabic speakers in america kamel a . elsaadany , university of illinois at urbana - champaign 11 : 00-11 : 15 coffee 11 : 15-12 : 15 traditional arabic grammar and modern functional linguistics : unity in diversity guest speaker : ahmed moutaouakil mohammed v university afternoon session 2 : 00 - 2 : 30 relative clauses in moroccan arabic : a discourse perspective ahmed fakhri , west virginia university 2 : 30 - 3 : 00 on inna , anna , et alia david testen , university of chicago 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 on some phonetic and orthographic phenomenon as attested in an 11th - century judeo - arabic work maria angeles gallego , emory university 3 : 30 - 3 : 45 coffee 3 : 45 - 4 : 15 computational tool for developing morpho - phonological models for arabic george anton kiraz , bell laboratories 4 : 15 - 4 : 45 arabic stem morpho - tactics via finite - state intersection kenneth r . beesley , xerox research centre europe 4 : 45 - 5 : 15 testing lexical differences in regional standard arabics dilworth b . parkinson , brigham young university , and zeinab ibrahim , the american university in cairo sunday , march 8 morning session 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 acquisition of binding in l1 arabic naomi bolotin , university of kansas 9 : 30 - 10 : 00 do we need control theory ? ibtissam kortobi , university of southern california 10 : 00-10 : 30 secondary predication in the syntax of arabic wafaa batran wahba , mansura university 10 : 30-10 : 45 coffee 10 : 45-11 : 15 the construct state in arabic moha ennaji , university of fes 11 : 15-11 : 45 the syntax of small clauses in moroccan arabic fatima sadiqi , university of fes registration form name address city / state zip country affiliation email address amount enclosed : preregistration ( deadline : feb . 16 , 1998 ) $ 15 als 1998 membership dues : at the door $ 20 students $ 10 faculty & students , university of illinois free faculty $ 15 checks , drawn on us banks , or international money orders should be made payable to the arabic linguistics society and sent with registration forms to : tessa hauglid , 759 west 1800 north , west bountiful , ut 84087 , usa ( email : tessa . hauglid @ m . cc . utah . edu ) . the symposium will be held at the illini union , 1401 west green st . , urbana , illinois . the hotel offers symposium participants reduced rates : $ 60 single , $ 68 double . reservations may be made by contacting the hotel directly at ( 217 ) 333-3030 . the lincoln lodge , within a short walking distance of the illini at 403 west university avenue , is also offering a special rate of $ 48 . 89 for symposium participants . reservations may be made by calling ( 217 ) 367-1111 . at both hotels , mention the arabic linguistics society to obtain conference rates . airlines which fly into champaign include : american , usair , united , and twa . for further information regarding arrangements at the university , contact elabbas benmamoun : tel . ( 217 ) 333-7129 ; fax ( 217 ) 333-3466 ; email benmamou @ lees . cogsci . uiuc . edu . check out the als website at http : / / lees . cogsci . uiuc . edu : 80 / linguistics / arabic / index . html . arabic linguistics society 759 west 1800 north west bountiful , ut 84087 usa
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 2039,""Subject: workshop on language change in japan and east asia
  
  call for papers workshop on language change in japan and east asia university of sheffield , uk 21st - 23rd may 1999 deadline : all submissions must be received by january 10 , 1999 . this workshop aims to provide a forum for presenting research on language change in japanese and other east asian languages ( chinese , korean ) , putting language change in the individual languages into a broader east asian context . we especially encourage presentations which investigate more than one language . potential topics include , but are not limited to : emergence of vernacular vs classical language , historical phonology , japanese - korean - altaic relationship , historical syntax , neologism , loanwords , english influence , standardisation and the fate of dialects or minority languages , role of kanji , etc . abstracts submitted must represent original , unpublished research . presentations will be 20 minutes long , plus 10 minutes for questions and discussion . please submit : 1 ) a clearly titled 1 page abstract for review . examples and references may be given on a second page . if your paper is accepted , this abstract will be included in the conference handbook . no changes in the title or the authors ' names will be possible after acceptance . 2 ) for each author , one copy of the information form printed at the bottom of this message . please include a self-addressed , stamped postcard for acknowledgment of receipt . notice of acceptance or rejection will be sent by march , 1999 . pre - registration materials and a preliminary programme schedule will also be available in march , 1999 . it is anticipated that a volume based on papers presented at the workshop will be published . send submissions to : workshop on language change in japan and east asia school of east asian studies university of sheffield floor 5 , arts tower western bank sheffield s10 2tn telephone : + 44-114 - 222-8400 fax : + 44-114 - 222-8432 e - mail : t . e . mcauley @ sheffield . ac . uk email submission of abstracts is encouraged . author information form ( one to be filled out completely for each author ) title : topic area : audio - visual equipment requests : full name : affiliation : contact address : email address : contact telephone number :
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 2040,""Subject: language planning and language pedagogy
  
  * * * call for papers annual conference of the caal ( canadian association of applied linguistics ) , 1999 ( during the annual meetings of the social sciences and humanities federation ) june 3 to 5 , 1999 university of sherbrooke , sherbrooke , quebec proposals are invited for individual presentations or colloquia on the two major themes : language planning and language pedagogy . open papers are also acceptable . for more information , please see the full text of the call for papers : http : / / www . uwo . ca / french / acla / caal98eng . html proposals should be sent by e-mail before december 18 , 1998 to aclacaal @ julian . uwo . ca * * * * * appel aux communications congres annuel de l ' acla ( association canadienne de linguistique appliquee ) du 3 au 5 juin 1999 ( pendant la rencontre annuelle de la federation des sciences humaines ) universite de sherbrooke , sherbrooke ( quebec ) le comite scientifique sollicite des propositions de communication et de symposium sur les deux themes principaux : l ' amenagement linguistique et la pedagogie des langues . les communications portant sur d ' autres sujets seront egalement acceptees . pour plus de renseignements , veuillez consulter le texte complet de l ' appel de communications : http : / / www . uwo . ca / french / acla / caal98fra . html les propositions doivent etre adressees avant le 18 decembre 1998 par courrier electronique a aclacaal @ julian . uwo . ca
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 2041,""Subject: toc : journal of african languages and linguistics ( jall ) 19 : 1 ( 1998 )
  
  journal of african languages and linguistics volume 19 : 1 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york marie k . huffman and thomas j . hinnebusch . . . . . . the phonetic nature of ` voiceless ' nasals in pokomo : implications for sound change e . kweku osam . . . . . . . . . . . . . complementation in akan book reviews philip baker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . creoles , pidgins , varietes vehiculaires . proces et genese , by gabriel manessy herman m . batibo . . . . . . . . . . topics in african linguistics , by salikoko s . mufwene and lioba moshi ( eds . ) bruce connell . . . . . . . . . . . . . historical perspectives on chamba daka , by raymond boyd jan daeleman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . luba sprichwoerter . uebersetzte , erweiterte und ueberarbeitete ausgabe einer anonymen sammlung aus zaire , and tonrelationen in luba-sprich - woertern . reimformen auf suprasegmentaler ebene bei den baluba und beena-luluwa in zaire , by hans - ingolf weier jean l . doneux . . . . . . . . . . . . a grammar of kisi , a southern atlantic language , by g . tucker childs margo a . e . fransen . . . . . . . . discourse features of ten languages of west-central africa , by stephen h . levinson ( ed . ) kamanda kola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . la langue mondo : esquisse grammaticale , textes et dictionnaire , by andre vallaeys christa koenig . . . . . . . . . . . . perspektiven afrikanistischer forschung . beitraege zur linguistik , ethnologie , geschichte , philosophie und literatur . x . afrikanistentag , by thomas bearth , wilhelm j . g . moehlig , beat sottas and edgar suter ( eds . ) dieke rietkerk . . . . . . . . . . . . talk , thought and thing - the emic road towards conscious knowledge , by kenneth l . pike vincent de rooji . . . . . . . . . . codeswitching in gambia : eine soziolinguistische untersuchung von mandinka , wolof und englisch in kontakt , by delia haust recent publications in african linguistics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
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 2042,""Subject: the linguistic review 15 / 2 - 3 ( 1998 ) special issue : greek syntax
  
  the linguistic review volume 15 / 2 - 3 ( 1998 ) special issue greek syntax : from minimality to optimality edited by gaberell drachman and dimitra theophanopoulou - kontou mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york editorial preface gaberell drachman . . . . . . . . . the syntax of early greek irene philippaki - warburton functional categories and modern greek syntax spyridoula varlokosta , anne vainikka and bernhard rohrbacher . . . . . . . functional projections , markedness , and ` root infinitives ' in early child greek chrysoula klidi . . . . . . . . . . . negative polarity items and negative quantifiers in modern greek : two in one or one in two ? anastasia giannakidou and jason merchant . . . . . . . . . . . . reverse sluicing in english and greek artemis alexiadou and melita stavrou . . . . . . . . . . . . ( a ) symmetries in dps and clauses : evidence from derived nominals filippo beghelli . . . . . . . . . . mood and the interpretation of indefinites _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
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 2043,""Subject: glot international 3 - 7
  
  g l o t i n t e r n a t i o n a l editors : lisa lai - shen cheng and rint sybesma < mailto : glot @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl > < http : / / www . hag . nl / glot . htm > table of contents , vol . 3 , issue 7 ( september 1998 ) * state - of-the - article * ljiljana progovac on structure for coordination ( part i ) """" while counterexamples do not necessarily falsify a theory , it seems safe to conclude that counterexamples do indeed falsify a generalization that does not follow from a theory , which seems to be the case with coordination of likes constraint . """" * column * neil smith on jackdaws , sex and language acquisition """" in fact , ethologists make pretty good mothers compared to the average jackdaw . """" * dissertations * willem visser 's the frisian syllable ( vu amsterdam , 1997 ) reviewed by sam rosenthall norvin richards ' what moves where when in which language ? ( mit , 1997 ) reviewed by andrew simpson * book reviews * roger schwarzschild 's pluralities ( kluwer 1996 ) reviewed by sjaak de mey * goodies * sean crist and tony kroch 's trees reviewed by colin phillips * book notice * shohei yoshida 's phonological government in japanese ( australian national u , 1997 ) ( krisztina polgardi ) """" the number of death """" a linguistic mystery in eight installments by chris sidney tappan chapter 6 : supporting datas
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 2044,""Subject: pragmatics : m . roelofs : """" hoe bedoel je ? """"
  
  new from holland academic graphics : """" hoe bedoel je ? """" de verwerving van pragmatische vaardigheden door marja roelofs in """" hoe bedoel je ? """" de verwerving van pragmatische vaardigheden wordt de ontwikkeling van een groot aantal pragmatische aspecten bij nederlandstalige kinderen in de leeftijd tussen 4 en 9 jaar beschre - ven . deze jaren zijn interessant omdat een kind , als het op z ' n vierde naar school gaat , plotseling met veel meer communicatief verschillende situaties geconfronteerd wordt dan thuis ; zo zal het nu bijvoorbeeld veel vaker met vreemden moeten communiceren . de pragmatische aspecten zijn bestudeerd in twee verschillende genres van taalgebruik , namelijk een conversatie met een volwassene ( stap - gesprek ) en een vertelling . de verwerving van de produktie van spontane taal staat hierbij centraal . de eerste helft van het boek richt zich op een beschrijving van het pragmatische onderzoeksveld in het algemeen en op pragmatische ontwikkeling in het bijzonder . aan de hand van de resultaten , gepresen - teerd in de hoofdstukken 4 , 5 en 6 , worden in hoofdstuk 7 een aantal pragmatische ontwikkelingslijnen geschetst . inhoud : 1 . introductie van het onderzoekskader 2 . de onderzoekslite - ratuur 3 . de onderzoeksopzet en de onderzoeksvragen 4 . analyse en resultaten : de structuur van de conversatie 5 . analyse en resultaten : de functie en de inhoud van de conversatie 6 . analyse en resultaten : de narratie en de vergelijking tussen de twee genres 7 . discussie en aanbevelingen 1998 . 232 pp . isbn 90-5569 - 048 - 1 . paperback . [ lot international series 5 . ifott / university of amsterdam dissertation ] price for individuals ordering directly from hag : nlg 38 . 40 ( excl . p&p and vat ) . holland academic graphics , the hague < http : \ \ www . hag . nl >
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 2045,""Subject: esther torrego , the dependencies of objects
  
  for more information please visit http : / / mitpress . mit . edu / promotions / books / tordpf98 the dependencies of objects esther torrego this monograph investigates the nature , properties , and consequences of the grammatical constraints that yield overt marking of objects in a variety of languages . the author , working within the minimalist program , concentrates on the syntactic and semantic behaviors of a particular class of objects : objects morphologically marked by the dative preposition in romance languages , especially in several spanish dialects , with consideration of similar phenomena in other languages . the central questions addressed revolve around the syntactic derivations that have accusative and dative complements and the role played by """" doubling """" clitics in these derivations . the analysis , concerned primarily with case theory , unifies syntactic phenomena by isolating the grammatical factors that yield structures with accusative and dative objects . the monograph also includes a discussion of some classical themes of syntactic theory in the romance languages , including asymmetries in the wh-movement of objects with clitics , and causatives . esther torrego is professor of spanish and linguistics at the university of massachusetts , boston . linguistic inquiry monograph 34 september 1998 6 x 9 , 216 pp . paper , isbn 0-262 - 70068 - 9 ; cloth , isbn 0-262 - 20112 - 7
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 2046,""Subject: theoretical and applied linguistics
  
  first call for papers 44th annual conference , international linguistic association april 16-18 , 1999 , new york university , ny , ny major theme : gender & language while papers on the major theme are especially solicited , abstracts on any subject in theoretical and applied linguistics are welcomed . one - page , single-spaced , anonymous abstracts should clearly state the problems addressed , or research quetions , and some indication of results or conclusions . send via e-mail to the conference chair . simultaneously , send 3 hard , camera-ready coies , plus a 3x5 card bearing name , title of paper , addresses , affiliation , audio-visual equipment needed and time desired ( maximum 20 minutes plus discussion ) to the conference secretary . submissions on diskettes will not be accepted . those wishing to propose panels , or special sessions , etc . , should contact the conference chair . deadline for recept of abstracts is january 4 , 1999 . send e-mail to the chair : hard copies & card to the secretary : deakins @ frontier . wilpaterson . edu johanna j . woltjer prof . alice h . deakins 511 west 112 st . english dept . new york , ny 10025 william paterson university ( 212 ) 749-3366 wayne , nj 07470 ( 973 ) 720-2582
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 2047,""Subject: romance languages
  
  lsrl 29 second call for papers the xxix linguistic symposium on romance languages university of michigan april 8-11 , 1999 deadline for receipt of abstracts : december 15 , 1998 invited speakers : james harris ( mit ) esther torrego ( umass ) enric vallduvi ( universitat pompeu fabra ) dieter wanner ( osu ) ( parasession ; see below ) main session abstracts are invited for 20 - minute talks ( plus 10 minutes for discussion ) on any aspect of romance linguistics . authors are asked to send six ( 6 ) copies of an anonymous abstract and one additional copy with the author 's name and affiliation ( the latter will be reproduced in the meeting handbook if the paper is accepted for presentation ) . abstracts should be no more than two pages in length ( including examples and references ) , in 12 - point type . all margins should be at least one inch wide ( or 2 . 5 cm ) . please also include a legible 3 """" x 5 """" card with paper title , name of author ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , address , phone number , and e-mail address . to facilitate the review process , please indicate the primary area of linguistics addressed in the paper . those who wish to be considered for both the main session and the parasession ( see below ) should send two sets of materials ( please indicate main session / parasession ) . submissions are limited to a maximum of one individual and one joint abstract per author . e - mail submissions will be accepted , provided that a camera-ready hardcopy is received no later than december 24 , 1998 ( sorry , no faxes will be accepted ) . preference will be given to presentations not duplicated at other major conferences ( e . g . , lsa , nels , wccfl ) . authors are asked to indicate prior or planned presentations of their papers on the abstract submission card . notification : no later than february 2 , 1999 . parasession : new solutions to old problems : issues in romance historical linguistics organized by steven dworkin invited speaker : dieter wanner ( osu ) abstracts for twenty-minute papers are invited for a parasesison on the theme """" new solutions to old problems : issues in romance historical linguistics . """" this session seeks to explore how developments in such fields as grammaticalization , typology , sociolinguistics , language contact , formal theory , etc . may offer new insights into explaining changes that have ocurred in the development over time of the romance languages . papers should deal with specific changes in individual romance languages or with evolutionary trends in the romance family as a whole . papers that are in essence synchronic descriptions of attested older states of romance languages are not suitable for this parasession . abstract guidelines are the same as those for the main session . all submissions should be sent to : lsrl 29 organizing committee ( main session ) d . cresti , t . satterfield , & c . tortora program in linguistics 1076 frieze building university of michigan ann arbor , mi 48109-1285 usa lsrl 29 organizing committee ( parasession ) s . dworkin program in linguistics 1076 frieze building university of michigan ann arbor , mi 48109-1285 usa telephone numbers : diana cresti : ( 734 ) 763-9172 steven dworkin : ( 734 ) 764-4381 teresa satterfield : ( 734 ) 647-2158 christina tortora : ( 734 ) 764-3725 fax : ( 734 ) 936-3406 e - mail : lsrl @ umich . edu webpage : http : / / www . umich . edu / ~ lsrl
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 2048,""Subject: workshop on the history of linguistics
  
  einladung zu einem gemeinsamen seminar workshop / colloque de recherche universitt potsdam - universit stendhal ( grenoble 3 ) histoire des sciences du langage 30 . / 31 . 10 . 1998 universitt potsdam , universittskomplex golm , kleiner senatssaal , haus 14 programme / ablauf 30 . 10 : 9-10 . 15 : bernard colombat ( grenoble ) : la grammaire latine en france ( xvie - xviiie s . ) : thories et pdagogie 10 . 45-12 . 00 nathalie fournier ( grenoble ) : la grammaire du franais l ' ge classique 14 . 30-15 . 30 martine furno ( grenoble ) : lapparition du bilinguisme dans les dictionnaires latins au xvie sicle 16 . 00-17 . 00 cordula neis ( potsdam ) : le dbat sur l ' origine du langage l ' acadmie de berlin 17 . 00-18 . 00 gerda haler ( potsdam ) : langage et cognition au sicle des lumires 31 . 10 10-11 sabine schwarze ( halle ) : la rflexion sur la traduction au 18e sicle 11-12 bernard colombat ( grenoble ) : le projet dun corpus reprsentatif des grammaires et des traditions linguistiques 12-13 gerda haler ( potsdam ) : le projet d ' un dictionnaire des thories linguistiques du 17e et 18e sicle
 "",0
 2049,""Subject: languaging 99 : a conference across literature , linguistics , and writing
  
  extended submission deadlines ! ! ! ! ! ! ! call for papers languaging 99 : a conference across literature , linguistics , and writing sponsored by the university of north texas and the gsea conference dates 4 - 6 march 1999 conference location university of north texas , denton , texas conference purpose languaging 99 offers a forum for scholars from the disciplines of linguistics , literature , and writing , as well as the related disciplines of anthropology , art , communication theory , cultural studies , film , history , music , philosophy , psychology , theater , etc . , to examine """" language """" and """" texts """" both within these disciplines and across these disciplines . submission deadlines u . s . mail : postmarked 25 october 1998 email : 1 november 1998 notification : 10 december 1998 submissions we encourage submissions that examine """" language """" and """" texts """" both within and across the following : - - literature - - linguistics - - writing ( includes rhetoric / composition , technical writing , creative writing ) - - related disciplines ( includes anthropology , art , communication theory , cultural studies , film , history , music , philosophy , psychology , theater ) we welcome submissions that deal with - - cognitive linguistics - - conceptual metaphor - - linguistic analysis of literature instructions for submitting please find complete instructions for submitting - - paper abstracts - - creative submissions - - symposia proposals at our website http : / / www . unt . edu / languaging we encourage submissions from graduate students as well as professional scholars . we cannot accept submissions by fax . we accept submissions via e-mail at linglit @ unt . edu or u . s . mail at languaging 99 university of north texas department of english p . o . box 311307 denton , tx 76203-1307 contacts for more information for more conference information , please write to languaging 99 university of north texas department of english p . o . box 311307 denton , tx 76203-1307 or direct your questions to linglit @ unt . edu visit our web site at www . unt . edu / languaging for updated information about - - plenary speakers - - conference registration - - travel and hotels
 "",0
 2050,""Subject: logic and natural language semantics
  
  esslli-99 workshop : foundations of intensional logic and natural language semantics call for papers the main focus of the european summer schools in logic , language and information is the interface between linguistics , logic and computation . it is organized under the auspices of the european association for logic , language and information ( folli ) . foundational , introductory and advanced courses together with workshops cover a wide variety of topics within six areas of interest : logic , computation , language , logic and computation , computation and language , language and logic . previous summer schools have been highly successful , attracting around 500 students from europe and elsewhere . the school has developed into an important meeting place and forum for discussion for students and researchers interested in the interdisciplinary study of logic , language and information . esslli-99 will take place at the university of utrecht , the netherlands , august 9-20 . in its first week it will feature a worskshop on foundations of intensional logic and natural language semantics . its aim is to provide a forum for advanced ph . d . students and other researchers to present and discuss their work on the following issues . intensional logic lies at the heart of a montague - style natural language semantics . it involves a representation of properties , relations and propositions ( prps ) . in traditional montague grammar , prps are characterized in terms of possible worlds , and the logico-semantic paradoxes are avoided by using a russellian hierarchy of types . the problems with this traditional approach ( e . g . , logical omniscience and expressive limitations ) have led to the flourishing of more fine - grained notions of prp , and to type-free solutions to the paradoxes ( gupta and belnap , barwise and etchemendy , cocchiarella , bealer , asher and kamp , chierchia and turner , etc . ) . the new approaches have problems of their own and no new framework has become standard . this workshop thus will explore and compare well - known or newly proposed foundational approaches for an intensional logic that can serve the purposes of natural language semantics . if you are interested in presenting your research , please send a two page abstract to : francesco orilia orilia @ unimc . it dipartimento di filosofia e scienze umane ph . + 39 ( 0733 ) 258 305 universit = e0 di macerata fax + 39 ( 0733 ) 235 339 62100 macerata italy the submission deadline is : march 15 , 1999 . workshop speakers will pay a reduced essli-99 registration fee , which will entitle them to attend all other courses and workshops . it may be possible to allocate a sum of about 100 ecu to partially cover the expenses of each workshop speaker . there will soon be an esslli ' 99 web page at : http : / / esslli . let . uu . nl / .
 "",0
 2051,""Subject: romance languages
  
  lsrl 29 second call for papers the xxix linguistic symposium on romance languages university of michigan april 8-11 , 1999 deadline for receipt of abstracts : december 15 , 1998 invited speakers : james harris ( mit ) esther torrego ( umass ) enric vallduvi ( universitat pompeu fabra ) dieter wanner ( osu ) ( parasession ; see below ) main session abstracts are invited for 20 - minute talks ( plus 10 minutes for discussion ) on any aspect of romance linguistics . authors are asked to send six ( 6 ) copies of an anonymous abstract and one additional copy with the author 's name and affiliation ( the latter will be reproduced in the meeting handbook if the paper is accepted for presentation ) . abstracts should be no more than two pages in length ( including examples and references ) , in 12 - point type . all margins should be at least one inch wide ( or 2 . 5 cm ) . please also include a legible 3 """" x 5 """" card with paper title , name of author ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , address , phone number , and e-mail address . to facilitate the review process , please indicate the primary area of linguistics addressed in the paper . those who wish to be considered for both the main session and the parasession ( see below ) should send two sets of materials ( please indicate main session / parasession ) . submissions are limited to a maximum of one individual and one joint abstract per author . e - mail submissions will be accepted , provided that a camera-ready hardcopy is received no later than december 24 , 1998 ( sorry , no faxes will be accepted ) . preference will be given to presentations not duplicated at other major conferences ( e . g . , lsa , nels , wccfl ) . authors are asked to indicate prior or planned presentations of their papers on the abstract submission card . notification : no later than february 2 , 1999 . parasession : new solutions to old problems : issues in romance historical linguistics organized by steven dworkin invited speaker : dieter wanner ( osu ) abstracts for twenty-minute papers are invited for a parasesison on the theme """" new solutions to old problems : issues in romance historical linguistics . """" this session seeks to explore how developments in such fields as grammaticalization , typology , sociolinguistics , language contact , formal theory , etc . may offer new insights into explaining changes that have ocurred in the development over time of the romance languages . papers should deal with specific changes in individual romance languages or with evolutionary trends in the romance family as a whole . papers that are in essence synchronic descriptions of attested older states of romance languages are not suitable for this parasession . abstract guidelines are the same as those for the main session . all submissions should be sent to : lsrl 29 organizing committee ( main session ) d . cresti , t . satterfield , & c . tortora program in linguistics 1076 frieze building university of michigan ann arbor , mi 48109-1285 usa lsrl 29 organizing committee ( parasession ) s . dworkin program in linguistics 1076 frieze building university of michigan ann arbor , mi 48109-1285 usa telephone numbers : diana cresti : ( 734 ) 763-9172 steven dworkin : ( 734 ) 764-4381 teresa satterfield : ( 734 ) 647-2158 christina tortora : ( 734 ) 764-3725 fax : ( 734 ) 936-3406 e - mail : lsrl @ umich . edu webpage : http : / / www . umich . edu / ~ lsrl
 "",0
 2052,""Subject: avail for review : syntax , chomsky
  
  the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , ph . d . , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not include an electronic cv or a url linking to a personal homepage . these will be ignored . please also send a surface mail address for us to send the book to . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * syntax : esther torrego ( 1998 ) the dependencies of objects . mit press . this monograph investigates the nature , properties , and consequences of the grammatical constraints that yield overt marking of objects in a variety of languages . the author , working within the minimalist program , concentrates on the syntactic and semantic behaviors of a particular class of objects : objects morphologically marked by the dative preposition in romance languages , especially in several spanish dialects , with consideration of similar phenomena in other languages . noam chomsky - biography * * * special note : the reviewer for the following volume should be willing to review not only the book , but also the interactive web site associated with the book . the reviewer must therefore have web-reading software and knowledge of the www * * * robert f . barsky ( 1997 ) noam chomsky : a life of dissent . mit press cambridge . this biography describes the intellectual and political milieus that helped shape noam chomsky , a pivotal figure in contemporary linguistics , politics , cognitive psychology , and philosophy . it also presents an engaging polical history of the last several decades . the book highlights chomsky 's views on the uses and misuses of the university as an institution , his assessment of useful political engagement and his dobuts about postmodernism . because chomsky is given ample space to articulate his views on many of the major issues relating to his work , both linguistic and political , this book can also be seen as the autobiography that chomsky says he will never write .
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 2053,""Subject: avail for review : syntax , prosody , semantics
  
  the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , ph . d . , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not include an electronic cv or a url linking to a personal homepage . these will be ignored . please also send a surface mail address for us to send the book to . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * syntax : klein , henny ( 1998 ) adverbs of degree in dutch and related languages . john benjamins syntax : bennis , pica & rooryck ( 1998 ) atomism and binding . foris publishers ( distributed by holland academic graphics ) syntax & prosody : zubizarreta , maria luisa ( 1998 ) prosody , focus , and word order . mit press : cambridge semantics bayer , samuel ( 1997 ) confessions of a lapsed neo - davidsonian . garland press . ny .
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 2054,""Subject: computer assisted learning of french ( special edition of """" call """" )
  
  call for papers computer assisted learning of french guest editor : michael zock ( limsi , cnrs ) ( submission deadline : 10 march 98 ) the international journal call will devote a special issue to the research on computer assisted language learning of french . the goal of this special issue is to offer an acurate description of what has been achieved , both outside and inside france , and i invite you to submit research contributions representing original , previously unpublished work . scope papers are invited on any topic related to computer assisted language learning of french . though desirable , they do not need to report on implemented work : new research ideas are of paramount importance in this guest issue . topics could include : ( i ) the learning of low-level skills such as : * grammar * vocabulary * spelling * pronunciation ( ii ) the learning of higher level skills : * nl - generation or comprehension * discourse planning * composition ( making an outline ) * abstract creation , r \ 233sum \ 233s * machine - aided translation * cognitive issues ( iii ) development of computational tools : * grammar environment * writer 's workbench * spelling checkers * coherence checkers * on - line help to dictionaries * natural language interfaces * multimodal interfaces * navigation aids * hypertext tools format of submissions papers should be written in english ( this is the international language used in this journal ) and should not exceed 18 pages ( in a 12pt proportional font ) including figures and references . they should also include the author 's name , affiliation and address ( incl . phone number , e-mail address ) , as well as an abstract and key words , indicating which of the thematic areas best describe the content of the paper . electronic submissions in ms - word , or plain text format are also welcome ( please avoid latex ) . submission procedure three hard copy submissions should be sent to : michael zock limsi - cnrs , bp 133 f-91403 orsay , france email : zock @ limsi . fr submissions must be received no later than 10 march 1998 . all submissions will be thoroughly evaluated by at least two reviewers . acceptance will be based on originality , importance , technical soundness , clarity of exposition and relevance to the subject of the special issue . authors will be notified of the editorial decision by 31 march 1998 . important dates * deadline for submission : 10 march 1998 * notification of acceptance : 31 march 1998 * camera - ready copies : 30 april 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * michael zock langage & cognition phone : + ( 33 - 1 ) 69 85 80 24 limsi - cnrs fax : + ( 33 - 1 ) 69 85 80 88 91403 orsay / france e - mail : zock @ limsi . fr * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",0
 2055,""Subject: language resources & evaluation workshop
  
  workshop announcement and call for papers linguistic coreference workshop 26 may 1998 , morning session held in conjunction with the first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain ( 28-30 may 1998 ) workshop aims it is essential , for a natural language processing system , to instantiate each object , process , attribute , and property correctly , so that all references to the same item be recognized as such and an inventory of all distinct items be accurate at all times . this problem is far from being resolved . there are both linguistic and computational reasons for this deficiency . first , there is no satisfactory microtheory of linguistic coreference . secondly and consequently , there is no satisfactory application of such a microtheory to nlp . a microtheory of coreference in natural language includes in its scope all the phenomena that satisfy the following condition : an object / entity , an event , an attribute , a property or its value , an attitude , or any combination of the above is referred to more than once in a natural-language text , and the understanding of the text depends on the correct interpretation of the two or more referring expressions as designating the same object , event , etc . a linguistic microtheory of coreference for a language consists of the following elements : - a complete range of covered phenomena in the language ; - a taxonomy of the range ; - a typology of the range ; - a list of rules forming the various types of coreference ; - a list of rules interpreting the various types of coreference . there has been a considerable amount of work on a few selected types of coreference , focusing almost exclusively on object coreference . thus , significant work has been done in theoretical linguistics on anaphora and cataphora , subsuming , for the large part , earlier work on deixis . a small minority of authors have tried to extend their studies of anaphora beyond mere syntax . in the cognitive-linguistics and philosophy-of - language traditions , interesting work has been done relating anaphora and deixis to ambiguity resolution and discourse structure . at the same time , an effort in comparative-contrastive linguistics has led some writers to examining the data of more than one language at a time , still emphasizing entity or object reference . in computational linguistics , the problem of coreference took early on the form of pronoun antecedent resolution , and this particular task , somewhat broadened to include a few other types of anaphora , still remains in the center of the problem . the most sustained effort in the computational treatment of coreference has been mounted within the tipster / muc - 6 initiative . while it has been recognized since quite early in the game that coreference resolution is based in large part on world knowledge , most of the work done on the matter computationally and theoretically ignores and avoids world knowledge . the muc - 6 initiative makes such an orientation quite explicit : the work should be based on such simpler resources as part-of - speech tagging , simple noun phrase recognition , basic semantic category information like , gender , number , and [ to a limited extent ] full parse trees . such an approach - - trying to explore and maximize everything that can be done simply and cheaply towards the resolution of a complex program - - is perfectly legitimate as long as it is realized that a considerable part of the problem remains unsolved , and it is indeed realized fully well within the muc - 6 initiative . one persistent problem throughout the existing computational ventures into coreference has been the lack of a consistent theoretical approach to it . the result is that coreference phenomena are treated as self-obvious , and most of them are overlooked , especially if they are not explicit pronoun-antecedent or other equally evident anaphora cases . what is needed for a full , accurate , and reliable approach to coreference can be summarized , somewhat schematically , as involving the following steps : 1 . understanding fully the range of the phenomenon and of the rules that govern it ( theory ) ; 2 . determining the extent of machine-tractable information in the rules ; 3 . taking stock of all the rules that can be computed ; 4 . developing the appropriate heuristics for the computable rules ; 5 . computing the rules . workshop agenda the workshop will be held during the morning session of 26 may 1998 and will include a joint address by the organizing committee ( listed above ) , followed by 5 - 8 individual presentations in two 90-120 - minute blocks , with a break provided midway through . call for papers the workshop solicits papers addressing any one or more of the points addressed above as well as any other pertinent issues . papers based on a diversity of languages are encouraged , both one language at a time and , especially , comparative / contrastive studies . also strongly encouraged are papers which extend the study of coreference beyond entity / object reference , across document boundaries , and / or into non-text media . format for submission paper submissions should consist of an extended abstract of approximately 800 words , along with a brief description of the proposed presentation structure ( e . g . , paper , paper plus demo , etc . ) . each submission should include a separate title page , providing the following information : the title to be printed in the conference program ; names and affiliations of all authors ; the full address of the primary author ( or alternate contact person ) , including phone , fax , email ; and required audio-visual equipment . papers may be submitted by sending three hardcopies or one softcopy ( in tex , ascii , or post-script format ) to the appropriate address as listed below : dr . victor raskin chair , interdepartmental program in linguistics heavilon hall purdue university west lafayette , in 47907 usa vraskin @ purdue . edu submissions must be received no later than 1 march 1998 for a 15 march notification of paper acceptance . ( full versions of all accepted papers are requested no later than 15 april 1998 for inclusion in the conference proceedings . ) workshop organizing committee dr . sara j . shelton ( contact person ) us department of defense 9800 savage road , r525 ft meade , md 20755 usa sjshelt @ afterlife . ncsc . mil 301-688 - 0301 ( voice ) 301-688 - 0338 ( fax ) dr . eduard hovy information sciences institute university of southern california 4676 admirality way marina del rey , ca 90292-669 usa hovy @ isi . edu 310-822 - 1511 , ext . 731 ( voice ) dr . victor raskin interdepartmental program in linguistics heavilon hall purdue university west lafayette , in 47907 usa vraskin @ purdue . edu 765-494 - 3782 ( voice ) 765-494 - 3780 ( fax )
 "",0
 2056,""Subject: avail for review : language acquisition
  
  the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , ph . d . , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not include an electronic cv or a url linking to a personal homepage . these will be ignored . please also send a surface mail address for us to send the book to . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * language acquisition : gopnik , alison and meltzoff andrew ( 1997 ) words , thoughts and theories . mit press , cambridge . this book articulates and defends the """" theory theory """" of cognitive and semantic development , the idea that infants and young children , like scientists , learn about the world by forming and revising theories - - a view of the origins of knowledge and meaning that has broad implications for cognitive science .
 "",0
 2057,""Subject: book : corpus linguistics : an introduction to
  
  an introduction to corpus linguistics graeme kennedy , professor of applied linguistics at victoria university of wellington . pbk 0 582 23154 x hbk 0 582 23153 1 328 pages 1998 studies in language and linguistics series longman - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - this book provides a comprehensive introduction and guide to corpus linguistics . all aspects of the field are explored , from the various types of electronic corpora that are available to instructions on how to design and compile a corpus . graeme kennedy surveys the development of corpora for use in linguistic research , looking back to the pre-electronic age as well as to the massive growth of computer corpora in the electronic age . the study focuses primarily on corpus-based descriptions of english : lexis , morphology , syntax and variation . it includes a wide-ranging overview of the published research of corpus linguists to illustrate the results and potential of distributional analyses of english . the section on corpus analysis describes the methodology and procedures that are generally employed including lemmatization , tagging , parsing and the use of important search and retrieval software to produce word-lists , concordances and other analyses . the final section of the book discusses ways in which the corpus-based analysis of languages may contribute to linguistic theory , the description of languages , computational linguistics and language teaching . an introduction to corpus linguistics """" will appeal to all involved in the study of language , from english language teachers and students of linguistics to those already involved in research in this fast-growing field . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - further information on the books published in this series , and the table of contents for this title can be viewed at the longman linguistics on-line catalogue at : http : / / www . awl-he . com / linguistics for a complete listing of our world-wide offices , please click below : http : / / www . awl-he . com / offices
 "",0
 2058,""Subject: student organisation of linguistics in europe
  
  call for participation * * * * * console 7 * * * * * the seventh conference of the student organisation of linguistics in europe will be held at the university of bergen 9-11 december 1998 with registration and reception in the evening of tuesday 8 december . in order to help us organize the conference , we will kindly ask participants to pre-register by november 15 . pre - registrations are welcomed either by e-mail , regular mail , or fax . please use the form below the program , and please indicate whether you will attend the party friday night . ( the party is included in the conference fee ! ) e - mail : registration @ ling . uib . no postal address : console 7 dept . of linguistics and comparative literature sydnesplass 7 n-5007 bergen norway fax : + 47-55 58 93 54 the conference fee is nok 180 , - for participants registered before november 15 , and nok 220 , - for participants registered after november 15 . the fee is to be paid upon arrival at the conference site , and covers the conference booklet and the conference proceedings as well as the reception tuesday evening , coffee and snacks during the conference , and the party friday night . further information including paper abstracts can be found at the conference web site : http : / / www . ling . uib . no / console - 7 / . any inquiries concerning the conference may be directed either to the local organizing committee < mailto : console7 @ ling . uib . no > or to the sole board < mailto : sole @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl > . local organizers : sole board : = d8ystein alexander vangsnes michael redford dagmar bendt tina cambier - langeveld inger marie berntzen anik = f3 lipt = e1k torodd kinn martha thunes * * * preliminary program * * * there may be changes ! tuesday 8 december at villaveien 9 17 . 00 - 19 . 00 registration and refreshments 19 . 00 welcoming address by vice rector of the university of bergen and professor of general linguistics kirsti koch christensen wednesday 9 december at sydneshaugen skole , auditorium a 9 . 00 - 9 . 15 opening and information 9 . 15 - 10 . 00 martyna macgregor , mcgill university , montreal , canada : syntactic and semantic operations within the aspectual structure of polish 10 . 00 - 10 . 45 penka stateva , university of connecticut , usa : focus features and movement in bulgarian 10 . 45 - 11 . 15 coffee 11 . 15 - 12 . 00 cornelia krause , the massachusetts institute of technology , usa : reduplication in bella coola - a base - ic problem 12 . 00 - 12 . 45 martin kr = e4mer , university of d = fcsseldorf , germany : a correspondence approach to vowel harmony and disharmony 12 . 45 - 14 . 15 lunch ( not included ) 14 . 15 - 15 . 00 adolfo aus = edn , university of connecticut , usa : towards a null theory of a - movement : the inverse case filter 15 . 00 - 15 . 45 bal = e1zs sur = e1nyi , e = f6tv = f6s lor = e1nd university , budapest , hungary : bare binding theory 15 . 45 - 16 . 00 break 16 . 00 - 16 . 45 kerstin hoge , st . hilda 's college , oxford , united kingdom : functional wh , wh - absorption , and yiddish superiority effects 16 . 45 - 17 . 15 coffee and snack 17 . 15 - 18 . 00 kleanthes k . grohmann , university of maryland , usa : left dislocated constructions and wh - extractions 18 . 00 - 18 . 45 ileana paul , mcgill university , montreal , canada : multiple movement in malagasy thursday 10 december at sydneshaugen skole , auditorium a 9 . 00 - 9 . 45 mark de vries , university of amsterdam , netherlands : extraposition of relative clauses as specifying coordination 9 . 45 - 10 . 30 ron artstein , rutgers university , new brunswick , usa : person , animacy , and null subjects 10 . 30 - 11 . 00 coffee 11 . 00 - 11 . 45 ildik = f3 t = f3th , tilburg university , netherlands : inflected infinitives in hungarian and the nature of agr 11 . 45 - 12 . 30 marit julien , university of troms = f8 , norway : the structure of complex words 12 . 30 - 14 . 00 lunch ( not included ) 14 . 00 - 14 . 45 marie - h = e9l = e8ne c = f4t = e9 , the massachusetts institute of technology , usa : syllable structure and domain-final strengthening : evidence from basque 14 . 45 - 15 . 30 julio cebrian , university of toronto , canada : ambisyllabic representation in a constraint - based analysis of catalan voicing and continuancy alternations 15 . 30 - 15 . 45 break 15 . 45 - 16 . 30 susanne gl = fcck and roland pfau , j . w . goethe university , frankfurt a . m . , germany : a distributed morphology account of verbal inflection in german sign language 16 . 30 - 17 . 00 coffee and snack 17 . 00 - 17 . 45 naomi harada , university of california , irvine , usa : where does a [ + n , + v ] category come from ? a note on the categorial feature specification of the lexical items 17 . 45 - 18 . 30 hiro hosoi , mcgill university , montreal , canada : event - binder in the aspp friday 11 december at sydneshaugen skole , auditorium a 9 . 00 - 9 . 45 ara shah and tanmoy bhattacharya , university college london , united kingdom : weak deixis and possession inside the dp 9 . 45 - 10 . 30 kalyanamalini sahoo and lars hellan , norwegian university of science and technology , trondheim , norway : multiple co - relativization in oriya 10 . 30 - 11 . 00 coffee 11 . 00 - 11 . 45 rashmi prasad , university of pennsylvania , philadelphia , usa : discourse constraints on zero pronouns in hindi 11 . 45 - 12 . 30 tanmoy bhattacharya , university college london , united kingdom : in search of the vague ' one ' 12 . 30 - 14 . 00 lunch ( not included ) 14 . 00 - 14 . 45 marjon helmantel , university of leiden / holland institute of generative linguistics , netherlands : on the relation between structural position and morphological case ; adpositions in german 14 . 45 - 15 . 30 tanja schmid , university of stuttgart , germany : west germanic """" infinitivus pro participio """" ( ipp ) constructions in optimality theory 15 . 30 - 16 . 00 coffee and snack 16 . 00 - 17 . 30 invited speaker : anders holmberg , university of troms = f8 , norway , and the massachusetts institute of technology , usa : basic word order at christies gate 18 20 . 00 conference party ! ! alternate papers : natalia s = e1nchez - lefebvre , ortega y gasset university institute , madrid , spain : french pure expletive constructions and move - f meltem kelepir , massachusetts institute of technology , usa : to be or not to be faithful dina brun , yale university , new haven , usa : the role of aspect in the acquisition of tense during the optional infinitive stage in russian - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - pre-registration form for console 7 university of bergen december 9-11 , 1998 name : affiliation : postal address : e - mail address : will attend the conference party friday night december 11 ( """" yes """" or """" no """" ) :
 "",0
 2059,""Subject: speech acts / dialogue moves
  
  first call for papers amstelogue ' 99 amsterdam workshop on the semantics and pragmatics of dialogue may 7 - 9 , 1999 university of amsterdam invited speakers : hans kamp hannes rieser to be announced * * amstelogue ' 99 will be a sequel to the successful dialogue workshops mundial ' 97 ( muenchen ) and twendial ' 98 ( twente ) . like its predecessors , amstelogue ' 99 aims at bringing together researchers from different fields on the topic of semantics and pragmatics of dialogue . these fields include artificial intelligence , formal semantics / pragmatics and computational / applied linguistics . in order to increase the cohesion of the talks in the workshop , we put forward the over-all topic < i > speech acts / dialogue moves < / i > . the workshop will be organised around the following three themes : i formal semantics of dialogue this covers topics such as models of common ground / mutual belief , the semantics of goals , intentions and commitments in communication , treatment of dialogue moves in a formal semantic framework , the semantics of cross-speaker anaphora . ii dialogue systems this covers e . g . knowledge representation for multi-agent interaction , dialogue management in practical implementations , semantics and pragmatics of natural language in automated dialogue systems . iii dialogue analysis ( empirical ) this covers topics such as turn-taking , categorisation of dialogue moves or speech acts in real ( i . e . , non-constructed ) dialogues , aspects of institutional interaction , characteristics of multi-participant conversations , the role of nonlinguistic interaction in communication . - in order to increase the cohesion of the talks across the three themes , we put forward , in addition , the over-all topic speech acts / dialogue moves . * * the collected abstracts of the talks will be provided as workshop proceedings at the start of the workshop . we are negotiating a special issue of the journal of semantics for publishing a selection of the papers . * * related event : the day before the workshop , 6 may , will be occupied to the trindi - project workshop . further information will be made available via our website . procedure : anyone who is working on the semantics or pragmatics of dialogue is kindly invited to send us a 5 page abstract in latex or ascii ( talks will be 45 minutes ) on one of the above mentioned topics , or a related topic . please indicate for what theme you are opting . abstracts clearly relating to the over-all topic of speech acts will be preferred . deadline : 1 february 1999 send to : amstelog @ ai . hum . uva . nl * * organisation : noor van leusen , dept . of computational linguistics , u . v . a , noor @ ai . let . uva . nl robert van rooy , dept . of philosophy , u . v . a , vanrooy @ philo . uva . nl henk zeevat , dept . of computational linguistics , u . v . a , henk @ ai . let . uva . nl more information on website : http : / / earth . hum . uva . nl / ~ amstelog sponsors : dutch research school in logic dutch research foundation
 "",0
 2060,""Subject: 6th int . workshop on parsing technologies : preliminary announcement
  
  p r e l i m i n a r y a n n o u n c e m e n t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ iwpt ' 99 sixth international workshop on parsing technologies sponsored by acl / sigparse 20-22 december 1999 trento , italy ~ ~ ~ the itc-irst ( institute for scientific and technological research ) in trento , in the north of italy , will host the sixth international workshop on parsing technologies ( iwpt ' 99 ) from 20 to 22 december , 1999 . iwpt ' 99 continues the tradition of biannual workshops on parsing technology organised by sigparse , the special interest group on parsing of the association for computational linguistics ( acl ) . this workshop series was initiated by masaru tomita in 1989 . the first workshop , in pittsburgh and hidden valley , was followed by workshops in cancun ( mexico ) 1991 ; tilburg & durbuy ( netherlands / belgium ) 1993 ; prague & karlovy vary ( czech republic ) 1995 , and boston / cambridge ( mass . ) 1997 . a ' call for papers ' for iwpt ' 99 will appear in the spring of 1999 . organization : general chair : harry bunt ( tilburg university , netherlands ) programme chair : john carroll ( university of sussex , uk ) local arrangements chair : alberto lavelli ( itc-irst , trento , italy ) more information will soon be available on the iwpt ' 99 home page http : / / ecate . itc . it : 1024 / iwpt99 . html
 "",0
 2061,""Subject: historical ling , history of ling
  
  historical linguistics nostratic . sifting the evidence . joseph c . salmons and brian d . joseph ( eds ) 1998 vi , 293 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 142 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 597 4 price : us $ 75 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3646 1 price : nlg 150 . 00 the nostratic hypothesis positing a commonlingusitic ancestor for a wide range of language families including indo - european , uralic , and afro - asiatic has produced one of the most enduring and often intense controversies in linguistics . overwhelmingly , though , both supporters of the hypothesis and those who reject it have not dealt directly with one anothers arguments . this volume brings together selected representatives of both sides , as well as a number of agnostic historical linguists , with the aim of examining the evidence for this particular hypothesis in the context of distant genetic relationships generally . the volume contains discussions of variants of the nostratic hypothesis ( papers by a . bomhard , by j . greenberg , and one by a . manaster - ramer , k . baertsch , k . adams , & p . michalove ) , the mathematics of chance in determining the relationships posited for nostratic ( papers by r . oswalt and by d . ringe ) , and the evidence from particular branches posited in nostratic ( papers by l . campbell , by c . hodge , and by a . vovin ) with responses and additional discussion by e . hamp , b . vine , w . baxter and b . comrie . history of linguistics language and its functions . a historico-critical study of the pre-humanistic philology of bopp . translated by paul salmon , in consultation with anthony j . klijnsmit . pieter a . verburg1998 xxxiv , 534 pp . studies in the history of the language sciences , 84 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 621 0 price : $ 110 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 4572 x price : nlg 220 . 00 when pieter verburg ( 1905-1989 ) published taal en functionaliteit in 1952 , the work was received with admiration by linguistic scholars , though the number of those who could read the dutch text for themselves remained limited . the title alludes to the theories of linguistic function set out in 1936 by karl bhler , but verburg regards the three functions of discourse focusing respectively on the speaker , the person addressed and the matter discussed as no more than subfunctions of the human function of speech . his central concern is to explore the relationships between thought and language , and language and reality ; and the work sets out provide a historical analysis of views on these relationships in the period 1100-1800 . the great strength of the work lies in the way in which the views of language are related to contemporaneous moves in philosophy and science , contrasting essentially the mediaeval acceptance of authority , the beginnings of induction in the renaissance , the dependence of early rationalism on calculation based on axiomatic truths , and the further development of independent observation . all these trends are reflected in the way men thought about language , as well as in the way they used it . much has been written on the history of linguistics since this book was written , but it still offers a unique view of the development of thinking about language . john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com
 "",0
 2062,""Subject: axiomatic linguistics
  
  james dickins extended axiomatic linguistics 1998 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xii , 493 pages cloth dm 198 , - / approx . us $ 124 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 016086 - 2 trends in linguistics . studies and monographs 111 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this volume presents the semiotic and linguistic theory of extended axiomatic functionalism , focusing on its application to linguistic description . the theory is compared with other approaches to semiotics and linguistics , and particularly with the standard version of axiomatic functionalism . an informal account is given of the twin basic components of the theory - the signum ontology and the system ontology . the former provides a set-theoretically based account of the network of relationships between the abstractions of linguistic theory ( at whose apex stands the signum ) , and the phonetic and semantic facts of speech events . the latter deals with the purely abstract level of analysis , and covers roughly the traditional areas of phonology and grammar . a set of postulates , constituting a formal statement of the theory , is provided in an appendix . it is shown that the signum ontology can provide adequate accounts - sometimes in conjunction with interfacing extra-theoretical models - of a range of phenomena from phonetics to pragmatics , including incomplete neutralization , imperfect synonymy , polysemy , idiom , and figures of speech ( particularly metaphor ) . the relationship between core-linguistics and psycholinguistics is considered , and an initial model is developed for the interface between extended axiomatic functionalism , as a sentence-linguistic theory , and text-linguistics . the issues dealt with in this book are not only relevant to extended axiomatic functionalism and indicative of its broad scope , but are also of current interest in linguistics generally ; the analyses proposed are considered in the context of existing analyses throughout . without disguising complexities , the book presents extended axiomatic functionalism in a clear and accessible manner . wide use is made of figures and cross-referencing , and detailed indices are provided . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de this and further publications can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
 "",0
 2063,""Subject: logical aspects of computational linguistics ( lacl ' 98 )
  
  logical aspects of computational linguistics ( lacl ' 98 ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = aspects logiques de la linguistique informatique = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = coorganisateurs : loria ( nancy ) , universite pierre mendes - france ( grenoble ) , avec l ' appui de : inria rhone - alpes , xerox research centre europe , cnet , mairie de grenoble lieu : grenoble ( domaine universitaire , amphitheatre de la maison alpes des sciences de l ' homme ) dates : du 14 au 16 decembre site web : http : / / www-bshm . upmf-grenoble . fr / lacl98 / programme : = = = = = = = = = = = = monday , december 14 ( lundi 14 decembre ) 8 : 45 - 9 : 30 : welcome 9 : 30-10 : 20 : invited talk i maarten de rijke : inference and natural language semantics 10 : 20-10 : 35 : break 10 : 35-11 : 35 : session 1 : feature structures and constraints stephen j . hegner . ` computational management of partially specified type hierarchies for typed feature logics ' . christian wartena . ` grammars with composite storages ' . 11 : 35-11 : 50 : break 11 : 50-12 : 50 : session 2 : categorial grammar i marcelo finger . ` structurally free theorem proving and structure learning in categorial grammar ' . nissim francez . ` hypothetical reasoning and radical non-constituent coordination in categorial logic ' . 12 : 50-14 : 30 : lunch 14 : 30-15 : 30 : session 3 : semantics and logical forms joachim niehren , alexander koller . ` dominance constraints in context unification ' . wilfried meyer viol , ruth kempson . ` sequential construction of logical forms ' . 15 : 30-15 : 45 : break 15 : 45-16 : 45 : norihiro ogata . ` a revision system of circular objects and its applications to dynamic semantics of dialogues ' . zhaohui luo , paul callaghan . ` coercive subtyping and lexical semantics ' . 16 : 45-17 : 00 : break 17 : 00-17 : 30 : discussion tuesday , december 15 ( mardi 15 decembre ) 9 : 30-10 : 20 : invited talk ii makoto kanazawa title : not yet communicated 10 : 20-10 : 35 : break 10 : 35-11 : 35 : session 4 : constraints and semantics manuel bodirsky , alexander koller , joachim niehren . ` dominance constraints : complexity , algorithms , implementation ' . patrick blackburn , claire gardent . ` a description language for discourse semantics ' . 11 : 35-11 : 50 : break 11 : 50-12 : 50 : session 5 : categorial grammar ii > gerhard jaeger . ` anaphora and scope in categorial grammar ' . hans - joerg tiede . ` lambek calculus proofs and tree automata ' . 12 : 50-14 : 30 : lunch 14 : 30-15 : 30 : session 6 : minimalism and computation jens michaelis . ` derivational minimalism is mildly context-sensitive ' . marcus kracht . ` strictness and literal movement grammars ' . 15 : 30-15 : 45 : break 15 : 45-16 : 45 : alain lecomte . ` categorial minimalism ' . dirk heylen . ` aspects of a logical reconstruction of the computational system for human language ' . 16 : 45-17 : 00 : break 17 : 00-17 : 30 : discussion 20 : 00 : conference dinner wednesday , december 16 ( mercredi 16 decembre ) 9 : 30-10 : 20 : invited talk iii fernando pereira title : not yet communicated 10 : 20-10 : 35 : break 10 : 35-12 : 05 : session 7 : trees and tags aravind joshi , seth kulick , natasha kurtonina . ` lexicalized tree adjoining grammar : logical modelling ' . sylvain pogodalla . ` lexicalized proof-nets in pomset logic and tag ' . emiel krahmer , reinhard muskens . ` talking about trees and truth-conditions ' . 12 : 05-12 : 20 : break 12 : 20-12 : 50 : final discussion inscription - registration : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the registration fees for the conference are the following : before november 10 regular : 700 ff , student : 500 ff after november 10 regular : 900 ff , student : 700 ff both regular and student fees include the conference proceedings , the coffee breaks , the lunches , and the conference dinner ( december 15 ) . tickets for additional conference dinners ( for accompanying persons ) can be purchased at 150 ff . you may register by surface mail , fax , or e-mail . please fill in the enclosed registration form and send it to : ufr sciences de l ' homme et de la societe service comptabilite - lacl ' 98 1251 , avenue centrale , b . p . 47 f 38040 grenoble cedex9 france fax ( internat . ) : + 33 4 76 82 56 65 ( nat . ) : 04 76 82 56 65 e - mail : amelie . depaoli @ upmf-grenoble . fr payments payments are accepted in french francs only . the enclosed payment may be one of the following forms : order form from your institution ; cheque in french currency , drawn on a french bank , made to the order of """" agent comptable de l ' upmf """" > eurocheque in french currency , made to the order of """" agent comptable de l ' upmf """" ( add 50 frf for fees ) ; bank transfer to the order of """" agent comptable de l ' upmf """" ( with your name and lacl ' 98 ) at the bank """" tresorerie generale de l ' isere """" . the bank account number is 10071-38000 - 00003000140-46 . > registration form - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - please print name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . affiliation : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . address : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . zip code : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telephone : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fax : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e - mail : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please check the appropriate box : o regular fee 700 frf o student rate ( * ) 500 frf o late registration fee 900 frf o student ( * ) , late registration 700 frf o one additional ticket for the conference dinner 150 frf total amount : . . . frf ( * ) enclose a copy of your student card mode of payment : o order form o enclosed cheque ( if eurocheque , please add 50 frf ) o bank transfer ( * * ) ( * * ) enclose a copy of the transfer order . booking chose a category of hotel : o single room o double room o 2 stars ( around 300 frf ) o 3 stars ( around 500 frf ) date of arrival in grenoble : . . . . . . . . . . . date of departure : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . number of nights : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . if you are a vegetarian , please check the box o
 "",0
 2064,""Subject: avail for review : adverbs , binding , events , objects
  
  the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , ph . d . , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not include an electronic cv or a url linking to a personal homepage . these will be ignored . please also send a surface mail address for us to send the book to . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * syntax : esther torrego ( 1998 ) the dependencies of objects . mit press . syntax : bennis et al ( 1997 ) atomism and binding . foris publications ( hag ) semantics : klein , henny ( 1997 ) adverbs of degree in dutch and related languages . john benjamins semantics : bayer , samuel ( 1997 ) confessions of a lapsed neodavidsonian . events and arguments in compositional semantics . garland .
 "",0
 2065,""Subject: comparative linguistics at university or illinois
  
  7th annual workshop on comparative linguistics november 21-22 , 1998 at the university of illinois at urbana - champaign room 210 , illini union the reconstruction of culture speakers and topics include : hans henrich hock : """" use and misuse of linguistic prehistory : india and beyond """" frederick schwink : """" the reconstruction of ie gender as a reflection of culture """" mary niepokuj : """" ie poetics """" rex wallace : """" sabellian """" martha ratliff : """" vocabulary of environment and subsistence in proto - hmong - mien """" william baxter : """" evidence for early austronesian - chinese contact in china """" colleen reilly : """" gender and sexuality in anglo - saxon """" graham thurgood """" what proto - chamic reconstructions tells us about early chamic culture """" craig hilts """" vocabulary for flora and fauna of mixe - zoquean """" co - sponsored by : english , program in south asian and middle eastern studies , germanic languages and literatures , linguistics , classics , program in comparative literature . for information , contact frederick schwink < schwink @ uiuc . edu > dept . of germanic languages university of illinois at urbana - champaign 3072 flb 707 south mathews ave . urbana , il 61801
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 2066,""Subject: deixis , demonstration , and deictic belief in multimedia context
  
  esslli - workshop on deixis , demonstration and deictic belief in multimedia contexts = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = workshop held in the section ' language and computation ' as part of the ' eleventh european summer school in logic , language and information ' esslli-99 august 9-20 , 1999 , utrecht , the netherlands first call for papers / participation organisers : elisabeth andr ' e ( dfki , univ . of saarbruecken ) massimo poesio ( cogsci / hcrc , univ . of edinburgh ) hannes rieser ( bielefeld univ . & sfb 360 ) questions concerning the workshop may be addressed to any of the organizers . background : deixis has always been at the heart of reference research as widely known literature in semantics and pragmatics ( h . h . clark , s . c . levinson , h . kamp , d . kaplan , w . v . quine ) demonstrates . being fundamental , it is in the common focus of several disciplines : cognitive science , linguistics , philosophical logics , ai , and psychology . until recently , little was known about the role of pointing and demonstration in deixis , especially about the coordination of speech and gesture in deictic contexts . the situation has now changed due to research in linguistics , ethnomethodology , vision , neuro-computation , gesture analysis , psychology , and computer simulation . at present , research is going on at various places , aimed at the integration of deixis information from e . g . the visual and the auditory channel . relevant topics in this new field are e . g . saliency , focus-monitoring , types of gestures and demonstrations , and especially the emergence and structure of composite signals but it also has intimate connections with problems of long standing such as grounding , mutuality or agents ' coordination in discourse . the workshop will integrate different methodologies , experimental paradigms , computer simulation including virtual reality approaches and formal modelling alike . it is addressed to master - students , phd - students and scholars working on philosophical , linguistic or computational aspects of deixis including gesture . the following publications might be of help to students looking for information concerning reference , deixis , gesture recognition and similar topics : clark , h . h . : 1995 , using language . cambridge : cup davis , st . ( ed . ) : 1991 , pragmatics . a reader . new york , oxford : oup . chs ii and iii levinson , st . c . : pragmatics . cambridge : cup . ch . 2 mcneill , d . : 1992 , hand and mind . univ . of chicago press recanati , f . : 1993 , direct reference . from language to thought . oxford uk & cambridge usa : blackwell wachsmuth , i . and froehlich , m . ( eds ) : 1998 , gesture and sign language in human - computer interaction . berlin , heidelberg : springer how the workhsop will be organised : the workshop will consist of ten sessions ( 90 min . each ) of presentation and discussion of contributed papers . it will take place during the esslli - summer school and will be open to all members of the lli - community . submissions : all researchers in the area , but especially ph . d . students and young researchers , are encouraged to submit a two-page abstract ( hard copy or e-mail ( plain ascii or ( la ) tex ) to the following address : pkuehnle @ lili . uni-bielefeld . de ( peter kuehnlein ) the deadline for submission of abstracts is february 15 , 1999 . notification of contributors will be given around april 15 , 1999 . contributors of selected papers will be asked to provide extended abstracts ( six pages ) in latex - format to be edited as esslli - workshop notes . the deadline for submission of extended abstracts is may 31 , 1999 . registration : workshop contributors will be required to register for esslli-99 , but they will be elligible for a reduced registration fee . summary of dates : feb 15 , 99 : deadline for submissions apr 15 , 99 : notification of acceptance may 31 , 99 : deadline for final copy aug 9 , 99 : start of workshop further information : to obtain further information about esslli-99 please visit the esslli-99 home page at http : / / esslli . let . uu . nl / addresses : elisabeth andr ' e ( dfki , univ . of saarbruecken ) : elisabeth . andre @ dfki . de massimo poesio ( cogsci / hcrc , univ . of edinburgh ) : poesio @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk hannes rieser ( bielefeld univ . & sfb 360 ) : rieser @ lili . uni-bielefeld . de
 "",0
 2067,""Subject: computational linguistics
  
  we are pleased to announce the first call for papers for eacl ' 99 , to be held in bergen , norway from 8 through 12 june 1999 . the call ( text version below ) can be found at http : / / www . ltg . ed . ac . uk / eacl99 / call-for - papers . html the conference home page is at http : / / www . hit . uib . no / eacl99 / henry s . thompson , programme committee chair alex lascarides , programme commitee co-chair koenraad de smedt , local arrangements chair john nerbonne , eacl president - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - eacl ' 99 call for papers , demos / posters , student papers , tutorials and workshops _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9th conference of the european chapter of the association for computational linguistics 8 - - 12 june , 1998 university of bergen bergen , norway 1 . paper sessions 1 . 1 . topics of interest papers are invited on substantial , original , and unpublished research on all aspects of computational linguistics , including , but not limited to : pragmatics , discourse , semantics , syntax and the lexicon ; phonetics , phonology and morphology ; interpreting and generating spoken and written language ; linguistic , mathematical and psychological models of language ; language-oriented information retrieval and information extraction ; corpus-based language modeling ; machine translation and translation aids ; natural language interfaces and dialogue systems ; approaches to coordinating the linguistic with other modalities in multi-media systems ; message and narrative understanding systems . 1 . 2 . requirements papers should describe original work . they should emphasize completed work rather than intended work and they should indicate clearly the state of completion of the reported results . wherever appropriate , concrete evaluation results should be included . a paper accepted for presentation at the eacl meeting cannot be presented or have been presented at any other meeting with publicly available published proceedings . papers that are being submitted to other conferences must reflect this fact on the title page . 1 . 3 . format for submission authors should submit preliminary versions of their papers for review , not to exceed 3200 words ( exclusive of references ) . papers should be headed by a title page containing the paper id code ( see below ) , title , a short ( 5 line ) summary , up to five keywords specifying the subject area , the word count ( excluding figures and bibliography ) and a notice of multiple submission , if required . since reviewing will be ` blind ' , the title page of the paper should omit author names and addresses . furthermore , self-references that reveal the authors ' identity ( e . g . , """" we previously showed ( smith , 1991 ) . . . """" ) should be avoided . instead , use references of the form """" smith previously showed ( 1991 ) . . . """" care should be taken to avoid obvious giveaways in the bibliography such as listings for unpublished in-house technical reports . papers outside the specified length and / or without an id code are liable to rejection without review . to identify each paper , an id code must be acquired by filing an electronic paper registration form : on successful completion of this form an id code will be sent to the designated author by e-mail . to assist in the refereeing process , we would be very grateful if authors prepare a web-browsable ( e . g . html , postscript , pdf ) electronic version of their papers . we understand that this may not be possible in all cases , but request that it be prepared if at all possible . to preserve anonymity , do not include a pointer to this with your paper submission : we will request a url for your electronic version in the email acknowledgement of receipt message . also please note that we will not be downloading copies from this url , so it should remain valid through the refereeing process , i . e . until 10 march 1999 . be aware that the paper copy is the definitive copy , and changes should not be made to the electronic copy after submission on paper . we strongly recommend the use of acl - standard latex ( plus bibstyle and trivial example ) or word style files for the preparation of submissions . these styles include a place for the required information such as id code and word count , and allow for a graceful transition to the style required for publication . if you cannot use the acl - standard styles directly , a description of the required format is at http : / / www . ltg . ed . ac . uk / eacl99 / style / substyle . html . if you cannot access this web page , send email to eacl99 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk with subject substyle for an automatic reply . 1 . 4 . submission procedure four ( 4 ) paper copies of each paper ( printed on both sides of the page if possible ) should be submitted to the following address : eacl programme committee hcrc 2 buccleuch place edinburgh eh8 9lw scotland , uk enquiries to the programme committee by email at eacl99 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk , ( henry s . thompson , chair and alex lascarides , co - chair ) . 1 . 5 . schedule submissions must be received by 18 january 1999 . late submissions ( those arriving on or after 19 january 1999 ) will be returned unopened . acknowledgements will be emailed soon after receipt . notification of acceptance will be sent to authors ( by email ) on 10 march 1999 . camera - ready copies of final papers prepared in a double-column format , preferably using a laser printer , must be received by 19 april 1999 , along with a signed copyright release statement . detailed formatting guidelines will be provided to authors with their acceptance notice . the paper sessions , including student papers , will take place on 9 - - 11 june 1999 . 2 . poster and demo sessions the meeting will include a poster session and a demo session . posters should present work in progress , project status reports , unevaluated results or system summaries ( with or without demos ) . space for a1 posters is reserved at the session and there will be 2 pages in the proceedings allocated to describe the work shown in the poster . we also encourage the submission of software demos presenting system overviews . developers should outline the design of their system and provide sufficient details to allow the evaluation of its validity , quality , and relevance to computational linguistics . pointers to web sites running the demo preview will also be helpful . for both sessions , four ( 4 ) paper copies of a two ( 2 ) page abstract not exceeding 800 words ( exclusive of references ) should be submitted by 18 january 1999 to the posters / demos chair : giorgio satta universita di padova dipartimento di elettronica e informatica via gradenigo 6 / a 35131 padova italy phone : + 39 ( 0 ) 49 827-7831 fax : + 39 ( 0 ) 49 827-7826 email : satta @ dei . unipd . it both submissions should include the following information on the first page : paper title and author ( s ) ' name ( s ) ; address , telephone / fax numbers and email of contact author . submission type ( """" poster submission """" or """" demo submission """" ) must be clearly indicated on the first page . demo submissions should also clearly indicate if any computer equipment is expected to be provided by the local organizer . if so , please specify desired hardware platform , hard disk and memory capacity , operating system and other software needed in order to run the demo . also mention name and contact information of systems operations specialist . if you are bringing your own laptop , you should instead request a video projector if you need one , providing details about pc type , screen resolution , etc . 3 . student sessions there will again be special student sessions organized by a committee of eacl graduate student members . eacl student members are invited to submit short papers on any of the topics listed above . the papers will be reviewed by a committee of students and faculty members for presentation in workshop-style sessions and publication in a special section of the conference proceedings . there will be a separate call for papers available shortly . 4 . tutorials the meeting will include a programme of tutorials on tuesday june 8 , immediately preceding , and at the same venue as the conference . each tutorial should be well-focused so that its core content can be covered in a three hour slot ( including a half-hour break ) . in exceptional cases , 6 - hour tutorials are possible as well . proposals for tutorials should contain : * a title and brief description of the tutorial topic . * the names , postal addresses , phone numbers , and email addresses of the tutorial speakers , with brief cv . * any special support requirements ( e . g . pc , projector ) proposals should be submitted by electronic mail , in plain ascii text as soon as possible , but no later than 18 december 1998 to the tutorial coordinator : walter daelemans ilk computational linguistics tilburg university p . o . box 90153 nl-5000 le tilburg the netherlands phone : + 31 13 4663070 fax : + 31 13 4663110 email : walter . daelemans @ kub . nl approved tutorial speakers ' travel and accommodation expenses will be reimbursed provided a short tutorial abstract and full tutorial materials are received in good time for publicity and reproduction . details of the schedule for this will accompany notification of acceptance . for further details concerning tutorials , see the tutorials page at http : / / ilk . kub . nl / ~ walter / eacl / tutorials . html 5 . workshops as in other years , eacl ' 99 will be accompanied by a number of workshops . these will be held on june 12 , the day after the main conference . the acl has a policy on workshops . proposals must include a clear description of the workshop aims , a budget of the workshop expenses and expected sources of income , and an indication of the expected number of participants . please send your workshop proposals ( preferably electronically ) as soon as possible and in any case before 18 december 1998 to the workshop chair : gertjan van noord alfa - informatica rug po box 716 9700 as groningen the netherlands email : vannoord @ let . rug . nl for further details concerning workshops , see the workshops page at http : / / www . let . rug . nl / ~ vannoord / eacl99 / workshops . html 6 . venue and local organisation the conference will be held in bergen , norway from 8 through 12 june , 1999 . see the conference home page for local arrangements information . the local arrangements committee is chaired by koenraad de smedt . the local arrangements committee can be reached at : humanities information technologies university of bergen alligaten 27 5007 bergen norway phone : + 47 5558-8008 fax : + 47 5558-9470 email : eacl99 @ uib . no 7 . timetable 1998 18 dec workshop proposals due in groningen 18 dec tutorial proposals due in tilburg 25 dec decisions on workshops sent to workshop organisers 28 dec decision on tutorials sent to tutorial organisers 1999 18 jan submitted papers due in edinburgh 1 mar tutorial summary for brochure due in tilburg 10 mar decisions on programme sent to authors 19 apr final versions of papers due in edinburgh 1 may tutorial course material due in tilburg 5 may camera - ready copy of workshop proceedings due in groningen 8 jun tutorials 9 - - 11 jun paper sessions 12 jun workshops
 "",0
 2068,""Subject: child language research forum call for papers
  
  * * * * * * * * call for papers * * * * * * * * 30 stanford child language research forum stanford university , april 9-11 , 1999 the 30th meeting of the child language research forum will be held on april 9-11 , 1999 , at stanford university . the organizing committee welcomes abstracts for papers and posters on any topic within first language acquisition , from specialization for speech sounds to uses of relative clauses , from politeness routines to clarification questions , from syntactic categories to narrative skills , or from semantic relations to subordinate clauses . we particularly welcome reports on crosslinguistic findings and comparisons among related languages ; on how language typologies affect the course of acquisition , and on similarities and differences among children in the acquisition of a single language . abstract submissions should include : - - - eight ( 8 ) copies of a one-page , double-spaced abstract of the paper or poster , preferably in 12 - point font or type , with a title . omit name and affiliation . - - - a 3 """" by 5 """" card with the title of the paper , the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliation , mailing address , and email address . indicate whether you are submitting a paper or a poster . ( the committee reserves the right to re-assign your submission . ) - - - a self-addressed , stamped postcard if you wish to be notified that your abstract has been received . abstracts should be postmarked by january 1 , 1999 . please mail early ! no late abstracts will be accepted . abstracts and any enquiries should be sent to : clrf-99 stanford university department of linguistics building 460 stanford , ca 94305-2150 , usa clrf @ csli . stanford . edu further information at : http : / / www-csli . stanford . edu / ~ clrf * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - gina v . wein , administrator department of linguistics stanford university stanford , ca 94305-2150 wein @ stanford . edu
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 2069,""Subject: kentucky foreign lang . conf .
  
  call for papers : kentucky foreign language conference linguistics sessions the 51st annual kentucky foreign language conference will be held april 22-24 , 1999 , at the university of kentucky in lexington . the conference will include sessions devoted to all aspects of theoretical and descriptive linguistics , sociolinguistics , and applied linguistics . if you wish to present a paper in one of these sessions , send two copies of a one page abstract to prof . anna bosch , 1215 patterson office tower , university of kentucky , lexington , ky 40506-0027 . alternatively , send your abstract by email to : bosch @ pop . uky . edu . please include the following information with your abstract : name , affiliation , address , email address , daytime phone . the deadline for submission of abstracts is < bold > monday , november 16 , 1998 . < / bold > authors will be notified about the conference schedule in mid - december . web page : www . uky . edu / artssciences / kflc
 "",0
 2070,""Subject: international conference on storytelling
  
  call for papers international conference on storytelling august 26-27 , 1999 brock university st . catharines , ontario , canada we welcome the submission of abstracts for 20-25 minute talks . papers accepted for presentation will be considered for a proceedings publication . submissions may take any perspective as long as they address , in some way , the issue of storytelling . specific areas of inquiry include , but are not limited to the following : * bilingualism * issues of audience * discourse analysis * language acquisition * ethnolinguistics * language change * first nations studies * literary studies of narratives * gender and language * power and language * grammaticalizations * semantic and conceptual structure the deadline for receiving abstracts is january 18 , 1999 . acceptance of your paper for presentation implies a commitment on your part to register and attend the conference . notification of acceptance will be sent out on march 1 , 1999 . send 3 copies of a 1 - page , 250 word abstract . include the title of the paper on the abstract but not names . please include a cover page with the following information : * author 's name ( s ) and affiliation ( s ) * mailing address * e-mail * fax number * title of presentation * three to five key words submissions by e-mail are also encouraged . abstracts should be sent to : international conference on storytelling c / o monica sanchez department of applied language studies brock university st . catharines , ontario l2s 3a1 canada or msanchez @ spartan . ac . brocku . ca note : only one individual and one joint abstract per author will be accepted . for further information , please contact monica sanchez at the above addresses or at the following fax ( 905 ) 688-1912 ( attn : monica sanchez , ics ) .
 "",0
 2071,""Subject: south asian languages analysis roundtable
  
  call for papers the university of illinois at urbana - champaign , u . s . a . presents the 20th conference of the south asian languages analysis roundtable ( july 9-11 , 1999 ) sala 2000 : priorities and directions panels and individual papers are invited on topics related to south asian languages and linguistics . special categories of focus are : * discourse and conversational analysis ( i . e . , discourse markers , backchannels , prosody , language and media discourse , discourse and professions , registers and genres ) * pragmatics * south asian grammatical traditions * linguistic theory and south asian languages ( syntax , semantics , phonology , morphology ) * language acquisition * south asian languages in diaspora * teaching of south asian languages * language contact and linguistic convergence * general ( topics other than the above ) send three copies of panel / paper abstracts ( 250 words ) by mail or fax to : rajeshwari pandharipande , chair sala committee , department of linguistics university of illinois at urbana - champaign 4088 foreign languages building 707 south matthews avenue urbana , illinois-61801 , u . s . a . fax : 217-333 - 3466 / phone : 217-333 - 3563 e-mail : raj-pan @ uiuc . edu the deadline for submitting abstracts is january 1 , 1999 . at the top right corner of the page , identify the category ( from the above list ) of the topic of your paper . note : abstracts sent via e-mail will not be accepted .
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 2072,""Subject: new book : lang acquisition
  
  lang acquisition lawrence erlbaum associates announces the publication of volumes 4 and 5 of the crosslinguistic study of language acquisition , edited by dan i . slobin . volume 4 contains chapters on three additional languages : finnish , greek , and korean , along with a typological overview of finno - ugric languages . these chapters follow the critical review format of previous volumes . special prepaid offer : $ 49 . 95 . contents : lisa dasinger : issues in the acquisition of estonian , finnish , and hungarian : a crosslinguistic comparison ; jorma toivainen : acquisition of finnish ; ursula stephany : acquisition of greek ; young - joo kim : acquisition of korean . 454pp . volume 5 : expanding the contexts , opens themes that have been touched on , anticipated , and promised in earlier volumes in the series . the contexts are expanded to include typological as well as particular and universal patterns of development , developmental relations between cognition and semantics , developmental relations between prosody and morphology , individual differences in a crosslinguistic framework , and the role of social-historical factors in the structuring of grammar . special prepaid offer : $ 45 . 00 . contents : dan i . slobin : the universal , the typological , and the particular in acquisition ; soonja choi : language - specific input and early semantic development : evidence from children learning korean ; ann m . peters : language typology , prosody , and the acquisition of grammatical morphemes ; elena v . m . lieven : variation in a crosslinguistic context ; dan i . slobin : the origins of grammaticizable notions : beyond the individual mind . 339pp . orders can be placed by e-mail as follows : from north america : orders @ erlbaum . com from europe : orders @ eurospan . co . uk from australia and new zealand : astam @ interconnect . com . au
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 2073,""Subject: journal langues ( call ) - revue langues ( appel )
  
  appel a communications = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = la revue langues vient de publier son premier numro . le second sortira en dcembre 1998 . nous lanons maintenant un appel communications pour le troisime numro . c ' est une publication trimestrielle ( quatre numros par an ) . cette publication , principalement francophone et lance sous l ' gide de l ' aupel - uref , a pour but de favoriser le dialogue entre tous les individus qui travaillent avec ou sur la langue , chercheurs , enseignants de langue , etc . elle publiera donc des articles sur des sujets varis , relevant de toutes les disciplines ou sous-disciplines o la langue a sa place : linguistique ( phonologie , morphologie , lexicologie , syntaxe , smantique , pragmatique ) , socio-linguistique ( aspects sociaux et culturels de la pratique linguistique , variations linguistiques , crolistique ) , linguistique applique ( enseignement d ' une langue seconde , apprentissage de la lecture ) , psycholinguistique , ingnierie de la langue ( interprtation automatique , traduction automatique , dialogue homme-machine , gnration , parole , traitement de l ' information , gestion des corpus ) . cette liste n ' est pas limitative . la revue langues s ' accompagnera d ' un serveur web accessible en ligne o un ou plusieurs articles par numro de la revue seront disponibles , ainsi que certains services , annonces de colloques , tables des matires de revues , annonces de la publication d ' ouvrages ou de thses , etc . elle s ' accompagnera galement d ' une liste lectronique de discussion , principalement centre sur les articles parus dans la revue , mais permettant aussi l ' change sur d ' autres thmes . la soumission d ' articles en anglais est possible . les articles en anglais qui ont une double valuation positive seront traduits . appel a communication pour le n3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - les chercheurs travaillant dans les domaines mentionns plus haut ou dans des domaines connexes sont invits soumettre des articles de 20 pages ( 30 000 signes ) maximum sur le sujet de leur choix avant le 1 dcembre 1998 . les auteurs sont pris de respecter les instructions aux auteurs , disponibles sur le web l ' adresse http : / / www . john-libbey - eurotext . fr ou auprs de catherine lavau ( ( 33 ) 01 46 73 06 65 , fax : ( 33 ) 01 47 46 81 06 ou ( 33 ) 01 40 84 09 99 ) . les illustrations ou tableaux sont bienvenus . informations importantes - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - n3 taille des articles : 20 pages ( 30 000 signes ) format lectronique : word 6 ou infrieur ou ascii ( pour les autres formats , nous consulter ) date limite de rception des articles : 1 dcembre 1998 rponse : 31 dcembre 1998 articles dfinitifs fournir pour le : 31 janvier 1998 adresses lectroniques : < isabelle . blanchard @ loria . fr > adresse postale : isabelle blanchard revue langues loria-cnrs , bp 239 54506 vandoeuvre - les - nancy france tel : ( 33 ) 03 83 59 20 26 fax : ( 33 ) 03 83 41 30 79 la soumission lectronique de rsums ou d ' articles est possible aux adresses indiques ci-dessus . rdacteurs en chef : anne reboul , laurent romary - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the journal langues has just issued its first volume . the second one will be out in december 1998 . we are now calling for papers for the third issue . langues will issue four volumes a year . this publication , which will mainly publish papers in french and which is partly financed by aupelf-uref , aims to facilitate the dialogue between all the people who work on or with language , researchers , teachers of french , etc . it will thus publish papers on various subjects having to do with all the domains or disciplines related to language : linguistics ( phonology , morphology , lexical semantics , syntax , semantics , pragmatics ) , sociolinguistics ( social and cultural aspects of language and language use , linguistic variations , creole studies ) , applied linguistics ( teaching french as a second language , learning to read ) , psycholinguistics , language engineering ( automatic understanding , automatic translation , man-machine dialogue , production , speech analysis , information retrieval , corpus processing ) . this is not an exhaustive list . langues will be accompanied by an online web server where one or more paper ( s ) per volume will be accessible , as well as some services , conference announcements , tables of contents for other scientific journals , new publications , theses , etc . it will also be accompanied by an electronic mailing list , which will encourage discussions about papers published in the journal and will allow exchanges on other subjects as well . the submission of papers in english is possible . papers in english with two positive evaluations will be translated in french . call for papers n 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - papers of 20 pages ( 30 000 characters ) at most in the domains mentioned above or in related domains can be submitted before the 1rst of december 1998 . papers in french should respect the instructions to authors which are available on the web at http : / / www . john-libbey - eurotext . fr or which can be obtained through catherine lavau ( ( 33 ) 01 46 73 06 65 , fax : ( 33 ) 01 47 46 81 06 or ( 33 ) 01 40 84 09 99 ) . illustrations or schemas are welcome . main informations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - n3 papers size : 20 pages ( 30 000 characters ) electronic format : word 6 or lower , or ascii ( for other formats , please contact us ) deadline for paper reception : 1 december 1998 notification of acceptance : 31 december 1998 final version due on : 31 january 1999 email addresses : < isabelle . blanchard @ loria . fr > snail mail address : isabelle blanchard langues loria-cnrs bp 239 54506 vandoeuvre - les - nancy france tel : ( 33 ) 03 83 59 20 26 fax : ( 33 ) 03 83 41 30 79 submission of abstracts or papers by email is possible at the adresses indicated above . editors : anne reboul , laurent romary - - - - - - - - = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = bonhomme @ loria . fr | office : b . 228 http : / / www . loria . fr / ~ bonhomme | phone : 03 83 59 30 52 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * serveur silfide : http : / / www . loria . fr / projets / silfide * projet aquarelle : http : / / aqua . inria . fr = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
 "",0
 2074,""Subject: workshop on dialogue and prosody
  
  call for papers you are invited to submit an abstract plus title to the esca tutorial and research workshop on dialogue and prosody eindhoven ( the netherlands ) , september 1 - 3 , 1999 http : / / www . tue . nl / ipo / sli / etrw . html introduction the ipo , center for research on user - system interaction in eindhoven ( the netherlands ) , in association with the eindhoven university of technology ( tue ) and the european speech communication association ( esca ) , is pleased to announce a 3 - day workshop on dialogue and prosody , which will take place in the eindhoven area in the week before eurospeech ` 99 . anyone dealing with theoretical , empirical , computational or experimental approaches to the interplay between dialogue and prosody is invited to submit an abstract . we specifically welcome those contributions of which the content is directly relevant for human-computer interaction . motivation now that spoken dialogue systems are becoming more sophisticated , increasing demands are placed on the way these systems deal with prosody , both in the generation of system utterances as in the processing of user utterances . on the one hand , appropriate prosody may facilitate the processing of system utterances by users of a dialogue system . on the other hand , dialogue systems may profit from taking into consideration prosodic information of user utterances at different levels of representation . however , for experts in the area of prosody it is not always easy to link their work to the developments in the domain of dialogue modelling , whereas researchers working in the area of dialogue modelling often are rather naive with respect to prosodic modelling . the goal of the workshop is bringing together researchers from both domains to provide either group with a better view of developments in the other domain and in this way stimulate progress . format the format of the workshop will consist of keynote presentations by experts in the field of dialogue and prosody modelling , combined with oral and poster presentations of accepted papers . all presentations will be plenary . all contributions to the workshop will be published in workshop proceedings , that will consist of 4 - page camera-ready papers . as an additional result of the workshop , the organizers intend to produce a working document that will contain an overview of the state-of - the-art , some open research questions , and position statements regarding the theme of dialogue and prosody . in order to maximize the possibilities for fruitful discussion , the number of participants will be limited to about a hundred . priority wil be given to persons with accepted papers on a first-come first-served basis . topics questions in this domain that could be addressed at the workshop are for instance : - which prosodic features of user utterances help the system to improve performance with respect to asr , speech understanding , and dialogue management ( turn-taking , back-channeling ) ? - how can those features be extracted automatically and be made available at the right time ? - with which prosodic features should system utterances be provided to help the user extract the information conveyed by the system , and to improve the fluency of the interaction ? - to what extent are prosodic characteristics of user utterances in their interactions with dialogue systems different from those in human-human interaction ? - how do we deal with prosodic variability in interactions between humans and machines , for instance due to level of expertise ( novices versus experts ) ? submission procedure researchers working in this domain are invited to email a 400 - words abstract ( plain ascii format ) , together with title , affiliation and keywords to diapro @ ipo . tue . nl if electronic submission is not possible , please send 5 copies of a 1 - page abstract to ipo , center for research on user - system interaction etrw on dialogue and prosody p . o . box 513 nl-5600 mb eindhoven ( the netherlands ) scientific committee gosta bruce ( sweden ) nick campbell ( japan ) carlos gussenhoven ( the netherlands ) julia hirschberg ( usa ) daniel hirst ( france ) merle horne ( sweden ) jill house ( uk ) stephen isard ( uk ) johanna moore ( uk ) elmar noeth ( germany ) anton nijholt ( the netherlands ) mari ostendorf ( usa ) thomas portele ( germany ) stephen pulman ( uk ) angelien sanderman ( the netherlands ) elizabeth shriberg ( usa ) david traum ( usa ) gert veldhuijzen van zanten ( the netherlands ) marilyn walker ( usa ) venue the etrw on dialogue and prosody will take place in the koningshof conference center , which is located in a rural setting in veldhoven , at close distance from eindhoven ( www . koningshof . nl ) . important dates january 15 , 1999 : deadline for submission of title and abstract march 1 , 1999 : notification of acceptance , instruction for authors , information on accommodation july 1 , 1999 : deadline for 4 - page camerady-ready paper , early registration september 1 - 3 , 1999 : etrw on dialogue and prosody further information for further information , please contact marc swerts ( swerts @ ipo . tue . nl ) or jacques terken ( terken @ ipo . tue . nl ) . updated information will also be available at http : / / www . tue . nl / ipo / sli / etrw . html
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 2075,""Subject: current topics in constraint - based theories of germanic syntax ( 2 . cfp )
  
  abstracts due : 15 . february esslli-98 workshop on current topics in constraint-based theories of germanic syntax august 17 - 21 , 1998 a workshop held as part of the 10th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli-98 ) august 17 - 28 , 1998 , saarbrueken , germany * * second call for papers * * organizers : tibor kiss and detmar meurers ( ibm germany and univ . tuebingen ) web site : http : / / www . dcs . warwick . ac . uk / ~ esslli98 / workshops . html background : a number of approaches to germanic languages ( excluding english ) have been developed in constraint-based theories like hpsg and lfg . apart from the issue of empirical adequacy , formal issues were raised , among them : - the nature of complex predicates and the mechanisms used to formalize them - linearization versus movement analyses of various phenomena - the nature of functional projections - configurational and non-configurational properties of scope determination the idea of this workshop is to provide a forum to present and discuss current approaches exploring such empirical and formal issues of the syntax of germanic languages ( excluding english ) . focusing on germanic rather than on a particular syntactic theory is intended to allow for more inter-framework discussion . workshop format : the workshop will consist of five sessions , with two 30 + 10 - minute presentations in each session . submission : all researchers in the area , but especially ph . d . students and young researchers , are encouraged to submit an extended abstract of 2000-3000 words either as hardcopy or electronically ( postscript only ) . the accepted papers will be made available in a summer school reader . if sufficiently many high-quality papers are submitted , we intend to publish them in an edited volume . submissions should be sent before 15 . february 1998 to one of the following two organizers : tibor kiss detmar meurers ibm germany universitaet tuebingen vangerowstr . 18 seminar fuer sprachwissenschaft d-69115 heidelberg kleine wilhelmstr . 113 germany d-72074 tuebingen germany tibor @ heidelbg . ibm . com dm @ sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de registration : workshop contributors will be required to register for esslli-98 , but they will be eligible for a reduced registration fee . important dates : feb 15 , 98 : deadline for submissions apr 15 , 98 : notification of acceptance may 15 , 98 : deadline for final copy aug 17 , 98 : start of workshop further information : to obtain further information about esslli-98 please visit the esslli-98 home page at http : / / www . coli . uni-sb . de / esslli
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 2076,""Subject: workshop on analogy
  
  workshop advances in analogy research : integration of theory and data from the cognitive , computational , and neural sciences sofia , july 17-20 , 1998 aims : this workshop is intended to stimulate the researchers in the field of analogy to cooperate more intensively and to integrate various approaches and data in their study . its aim is to advance our understanding of the cognitive mechanisms of analogy-making , i . e . how people notice / perceive analogies , how they retrieve analogs from memory or how they construct them , how they map and transfer knowledge from one domain to another , how they combine knowledge from multiple analogs or how they combine analogy with rule-based reasoning , how they generalize and learn from the analogies made , how they use analogies for problem solving , explanation , argumentation , creation . what is the place of analogy among the various cognitive processes , such as perception , thinking , memory , learning , etc . what is the role of analogy in human development ? which are the brain structures involved in analogy-making processes ? what kind of deficits do brain-damaged patients exhibit ? this workshop will be highly interdisciplinary and will make a serious attempt to integrate the knowledge researchers have accumulated on analogy-making in various domains : artificial intelligence / computational modeling , cognitive psychology , developmental psychology , neuropsychology , philosophy , cognitive linguistics , as well as various applications in education , legal and political reasoning , etc . a serious attempt will be made to integrate all the positive results obtained so far in theories of analogy-making , computational modeling , and experimental work . the workshop participants will participate in numerous formal and informal discussions which we hope will lead to systematization of the knowledge in the field , formulating established facts , open issues , and ideas for new approaches . format of the workshop : the workshop will consist of key talks ( 45 min ) ( see the list of key talks ) , short papers ( 20 min ) , poster presentations , round table thematic discussions , working group sessions , informal discussions , concluding discussions on ideas for future work and cooperative projects . pre - proceedings of the workshop ( containing all the accepted papers ) will be published in advance and distributed to the participants , so that we can focus on discussions and joint work at the workshop . submission instructions paper and poster submissions should be made both electronically ( in rtf format ) and in hard copy ( a4 or us letter ( 11 """" x 8 . 5 """" ) paper format ) following these instructions . papers should be no more than 8 pages long , poster abstracts - one page . the text should be formatted in two columns with an overall width of 14 cm and length of 20 cm , with 0 . 7 cm between the columns . use 10 point times roman with 11 point vertical spacing , unless otherwise specified . the title should be 14 point , bold , centered , 0 . 5 cm below the top margin . authors ' names should be in 11 point , bold , and centered ; authors ' affiliation , postal address , and e-mail address should be in ordinary 10 point , centered . first - level headings should be 12 point , bold , initial caps , and centered . second - level headings should be 11 point , initial caps , bold , and flush left . third - level headings should be 10 point , bold , initial caps , and flush left . use standard apa citation format , e . g . ( mcclelland & rumelhart , 1981 ) . send your submissions electronically to analogy @ cogs . nbu . acad . bg and my regular mail to : boicho kokinov - analogy ' 98 cognitive science department new bulgarian university 21 , montevideo str . sofia 1635 , bulgaria timetable deadline for workshop registration - march 1st , 1998 deadline for submission of papers - march 1st , 1998 deadline for poster abstracts - march 20th , 1998 notification of acceptance - april 15th , 1998 invited participants ' deadline for papers - june 1st , 1998 publication of the workshop proceedings - june 30th , 1998 workshop - july 17-20 , 1998 , ( arrival 16th , departure 21st ) participants and funding participation in the workshop is mainly by invitation to ensure high quality and balance of representatives of various schools of thought , of various disciplines , of various countries and continents . the organizers hope that all these schools and geographic regions will be represented . the following list of invitees is provisional and open for additions . the workshop is , however , open to other participants as well , up to the upper limit of 50 participants . the organizers are looking for some funding which would allow us to support some of the participants for their participation in the workshop . however , as this is still uncertain , we would like to kindly ask the potential participants to look for their own funding sources and to try to ensure their participation in advance . co - events the workshop will take place during the 5th international summer school in cognitive science ( july 13-25 , 1998 ) which will offer an opportunity to have external critics and advisors from well known researchers working in other areas of cognitive science . location sofia is an old city first established by the thracians about 4000bc . there are still some ruins from the old roman time city . the national history museum holds some fascinating gold treasures from thracian times . there is a small church with frescos from the 12th century painted in a realistic renaissance style a long time before the renaissance in europe started . not very far from sofia is the beautiful rila monastery as well as some old towns like plovdiv ( with an old town part and a roman amphitheater ) and koprivstitza . you may also want to combine your trip with a holyday at the black sea side . organizing committee : dedre gentner ( northwestern univ . , usa ) gentner @ nwu . edu - co - director keith holyoak ( univ . of california at los angeles , usa ) holyoak @ lifesci . ucla . edu edu - co - director boicho kokinov ( new bunlgarian univ . , bulgaria ) kokinov @ cogs . nbu . acad . bg edu - co - director robert french ( univ . of liege , belgium ) rfrench @ ulg . ac . be erica melis ( univ . of saarland , germany ) melis @ cs . uni-sb . de list of key talks umberto eco - ( not confirmed yet ) douglas hofstadter - analogy as the core of cognition keith holyoak - the place of analogy in a physical symbol system dedre gentner - comparison and cognition gilles fauconnier - analogy and conceptual integration jaime carbonell - analogy in problem solving , from the routine to the creative boicho kokinov - analogy is like cognition : complex , emergent , context - sensitive mark keane - why conceptual combination is seldom analogy david premack - analogies in chimpanzees andy meltzoff - the origins and early development of analogy in the preverbal period usha goswami - analogical reasoning in children graeme halford - the problem of structural complexity in cognitive processes : a metric based on representational rank ken forbus - qualitative mental models : simulations or memories ? paul thagard - emotional analogies james hampton - analogy is like categorization : thoughts on the role of conceptual structure in analogical reasoning adam biela - analogical resoning as a base for structuring cognitive schemata in new situations : a case of economic transformation in post - communist countries list of invited participants ron ferguson ( northwestern university , usa ) ferguson @ ils . nwu . edu ken kurtz ( northwestern university , usa ) kjk @ nwu . edu arthur markman ( columbia university , usa ) markman @ paradox . psych . columbia . edu john hummel ( ucla , usa ) jhummel @ lifesci . ucla . edu richard catrambone ( georgia institute of technology , usa ) rc7 @ prism . gatech . edu charles wharton ( national institutes of health , usa ) wharton @ codon . nih . gov barbara spellman ( u . of virginia , usa ) spellman @ psyvax . psy . utexas . edu laura novick ( vanderbilt university , usa ) novicklr @ ctrvax . vanderbilt . edu mary jo rattermann ( hampshire , usa ) mratter1 @ swarthmore . edu judy deloache ( u . of illinois , usa ) jdeloach @ [ s . psych . ] uiuc . edu manuela veloso ( cmu , usa ) mmv @ cs . cmu . edu david leake ( indiana university , usa ) leake @ cs . indiana . edu robert goldstone ( indiana university , usa ) rgoldsto @ ucs . indiana . edu jim marshall ( indiana university , usa ) marshall @ cogsci . indiana . edu brian bowdle ( indiana university , usa ) bbowdle @ indiana . edu melanie mitchell ( santa fe institute , usa ) mm @ santafe . edu miriam bassok ( u . of washington , usa ) mbassok @ u . washington . edu roger thompson ( franklin & marshall college , lancaster , pa , usa ) r _ thompson @ acad . fandm . edu nancy nersessian ( georgia tech , usa ) nancyn @ cc . gatech . edu john clement ( university of massachusets , ma , usa ) jclement @ educ . umass . edu eve sweetser ( uc berkeley , usa ) sweetser @ cogsci . berkeley . edu adele goldberg ( ucsd , usa ) aegoldberg @ ucsd . edu lokendra shastri ( uc berkeley , usa ) schastri @ icsi . berkeley . edu thomas ward ( texas a&m university , usa ) tbw @ psyc . tamu . edu ronald finke ( texas a&m university , usa ) raf @ psyc . tamu . edu jim herriot ( sun , usa ) jim . herriot @ eng . sun . com cameron shelley ( u . of waterloo , canada ) cpshelle @ watarts . uwaterloo . ca bipin indurkhya ( tokyo university of agriculture and technology , japan ) bipin @ cc . tuat . ac . jp hiroaki suzuki ( aoyama gakuin university , japan ) susan @ ri . aoyama . ac . jp tony plate ( victoria u of wellington , new zealand ) tony . plate @ mcs . vuw . ac . nz pentti kanerva ( sics , sweden ) kanerva @ sics . se robert french ( university of liege , belgium ) rfrench @ ulg . ac . be john a barnden ( university of birmingham , uk ) < j . a . barnden @ cs . bham . ac . uk > michael ramscar ( university of edinburgh , uk ) michael @ aisb . ed . ac . uk bruce burns ( u . of potsdam , germany ) burns @ persius . rz . uni-potsdam . de friedrich wilkening ( u . of tuebingen , germany ) wilk @ mailserv . zdv . uni-tuebingen . de friedrich . wilkening @ uni-tuebingen . de michael waldmann ( max - planck institute of psychological research in munich , germany ) waldmann @ mpipf-muenchen . mpg . de meredith gattis ( max - planck institute of psychological research in munich , germany ) gattis @ mpipf-muenchen . mpg . de erica melis ( univ . of saarland , germany ) melis @ cs . uni-sb . de cristina cacciari ( university of bologna , italy ) cacciari @ psibo . unibo . it stella vosniadou ( university of athens , greece ) svosniad @ atlas . uoa . ariadne-t . gr merry bullock ( university of vilnus , estonia ) mxb . apa @ email . apa . org , merry @ vm . ee maciej haman ( university of warsaw , poland ) meh @ sci . psych . uw . edu . pl dan simon ( haifa university , israel ) dsimon @ research . haifa . ac . il
 "",0
 2077,""Subject: slavic linguistics
  
  fasl8 8th annual workshop on formal approaches to slavic linguistics hosted by the institute for research in cognitive science , university of pennsylvania 3401 walnut street , suite 400a philadelphia , pa 19104 21 - 23 may , 1999 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * general session 22 - 23 may , 1999 ( saturday and sunday ) abstracts are invited for 20 - minute presentations on topics dealing with formal aspects of any area of theoretical slavic linguistics ( synchronic or diachronic ) : - syntax - morphology - semantics - phonology - discourse analysis - sociolinguistics special session : slavic linguistics in cognitive science 21 may , 1999 ( friday ) abstracts are invited for 20 - minute presentations on topics dealing with formal cognitive approaches to slavic languages : - psycholinguistics - acquisition - computational linguistics - neurolinguistics presentations will be followed by a 10 - minute discussion period . guest speakers anthony kroch ( university of pennsylvania ) and caroline heycock ( university of edinburgh ) greville corbett ( university of surrey ) draga zec ( cornell university ) abstract deadline - - february 19 , 1999 how to submit abstracts the preferred method is by email . these should be addressed to < fasl8 @ linc . cis . upenn . edu > please use plain text if possible , and use the subject header : """" abstract """" abstract text should be no longer than 500 words . at the top of the abstract , please include the names and affiliations of all the authors , and the email of the author who will handle correspondence . also iindicate the primary area of linguistics addressed , e . g . , syntax , acquisition etc . please leave several blank lines between this information and the abstract proper ( title and text ) , to facilitate anonymous review . the dispreffered method is by regular mail . send 6 copies of a 500 - word abstract to the postal address below . please include one 3x5 card with : - title of paper - your name - address and affiliation - telephone and / or fax numbers - email address mail to : fasl8 committee the institute for research in cognitive science 3401 walnut street , suite 400a university of pennsylvania philadelphia , pa 19104 persons interested in attending fasl8 are invited to register their email and / or mailing addresses at the conference address above . on - campus accomodations will be provided by the upenn housing services in a high rise residence . conference participants will be assigned to private bedrooms in firnished units that contain either two , three , or four bedrooms and a shared bathroom . a limited number of private units are available . the current rate for each unit is $ 37 . 50 per day . those interested in reserving a room , should send their request to the fasl8 organizing committee at the address above . address for correspondence : < fasl8 @ linc . cis . upenn . edu > additional information will be available later at the fasl8 web site : < http : / / www . cis . upenn . edu / ~ fasl8 >
 "",0
 2078,""Subject: general and theoretical linguistics
  
  call for papers the berkeley linguistics society is pleased to announce its twenty - fifth annual meeting , to be held february 13-15 , 1999 . the conference will consist of a general session and a parasession on saturday and sunday , followed by a special session on monday . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * general session : the general session will cover all areas of general linguistic interest . invited speakers carol fowler , haskins laboratories , univ . of connecticut , yale univ . stephen levinson , max planck institut fr psycholinguistik , nijmegen bjrn lindblom , univ . of stockholm and univ . of texas , austin alec marantz , massachusetts institute of technology * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * parasession : loan word phenomena the parasession invites papers on loan word phenomena from various theoretical , historical , sociolinguistic , and typological perspectives , as well as descriptive works and field reports . areas of interest include stratification of the lexicon and loan word 's ubgrammars ' , re-lexification , the role of orthography , markedness effects , second-language acquisition , child language , bilingualism and code-switching , etc . invited speakers ellen broselow , state university of new york , stony brook garland cannon , texas a&m university junko ito & armin mester , university of california , santa cruz * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * special session : issues in caucasian , dravidian and turkic linguistics the special session will feature research on caucasian , dravidian and turkic languages . papers addressing both diachronic and synchronic issues are welcome . potential topics include theoretical and descriptive accounts of structural features , writing systems and transcription problems , language reform , and the reconstruction of the respective proto - languages , including the question of altaic linguistic unity . invited speakers lars johanson , universitt mainz k . p . mohanan , national university of singapore johanna nichols , university of california , berkeley * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * we encourage proposals from diverse theoretical frameworks and welcome papers from related disciplines , such as anthropology , cognitive science , computer science , literature , philosophy , and psychology . papers presented at the conference will be published in the society 's proceedings , and authors who present papers agree to provide camera-ready copy ( not to exceed 12 pages ) by may 15 , 1999 . presentations will be allotted 20 minutes with 10 minutes for questions . we ask that you make your abstract as specific as possible , including a statement of your topic or problem , your approach , and your conclusions . please send 10 copies of an anonymous one-page ( 8 1 / 2 """" x 11 """" , unreduced ) abstract . a second page , or reverse side of the single page , may be used for data and references only . along with the abstract send a 3 """" x5 """" card listing : ( 1 ) paper title , ( 2 ) session ( general , parasession , or special ) , ( 3 ) for general session abstracts only , subfield , viz . , discourse analysis , historical linguistics , morphology , philosophy and methodology of linguistics , phonetics , phonology , pragmatics , psycholinguistics , semantics , sociolinguistics , or syntax , ( 4 ) name ( s ) of author ( s ) , ( 5 ) affiliation ( s ) of author ( s ) , ( 6 ) address to which notification of acceptance or rejection should be mailed ( in november 1998 ) , ( 7 ) author 's office and home phone numbers , ( 8 ) author 's e-mail address , if available . an author may submit at most one single and one joint abstract . in case of joint authorship , one address should be designated for communication with bls . send abstracts to : bls 25 abstracts committee , 1203 dwinelle hall , university of california , berkeley , ca 94720 . abstracts must be received by 4 : 00 p . m . , november 2 , 1998 . we may be contacted by e-mail at bls @ socrates . berkeley . edu . electronic abstract submission : via e-mail . only those abstracts written in english ascii will be accepted . please do not send attachments . electronic submissions may be sent to bls @ socrates . berkeley . edu . more information on e-mail submission and additional guidelines for abstracts can be found at our web site http : / / www . linguistics . berkeley . edu / bls / . we will not accept faxed abstracts . registration fees : before february 5 , 1999 ; $ 15 for students , $ 30 for non-students ; after february 5 , 1999 ; $ 20 for students , $ 35 for non-students .
 "",0
 2079,""Subject: nominal expressions
  
  first announcement and call for papers ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ esslli-99 workshop on the generation of nominal expressions university of utrecht , the netherlands 9-13 august 1999 context : the workshop will take place in association with the 11th european summer school """" logic linguistics and information """" ( esslli ) , to be held in utrecht , the netherlands , from 9-20 august 1999 . the format of the workshop is 5 x 90 minutes on the 5 consecutive days of 9 to 13 august 1999 . the esslli summer school is organized under the auspices of the european association for logic , language and information ( folli ) . previous esslli summer schools have been highly successful , attracting around 500 students from europe and elsewhere . the school has developed into an important meeting place and forum for discussion for students and researchers interested in the interdisciplinary study of logic , language and information . for more information see http : / / esslli . let . uu . nl . workshop description : if someone attempted to assess the ` state of the art ' of linguistic research on nominal expressions by looking at how present-day programs generate nominals , he or she would no doubt underestimate gravely the level of sophistication of theoretical work on nominals . it can be argued that this is because existing work on the computational generation of nominals has limited itself to relatively simple nominals , often focussing on simple ( singular ) definite descriptions and pronouns . alternatively , it might be contended that much of the theoretical work in this area is not mature enough to be appicable in generation . be this as it may , work on the generation of nominals has not profited much from theoretical research in formal semantics and psycholinguistics on the meaning , interpretation and production of nominal expressions . this workshop will try to bridge the gap between theory and practice in this area by focusing on the generation of nominal expressions of different linguistic types including , for example , indefinite and quantificational nps ( of different monotonicity types ) . the theme of the workshop is closely related to that of a number of ongoing research projects , including the gnome ( ` generation of nominal expressions ' ) project , in which the itri ( brighton ) and hcrc ( edinburgh / durham ) collaborate , and which is funded by the epsrc in the united kingdom . topics for which submissions are invited include : ( 1 ) the influence of discourse context on the appropriateness and interpretation of a nominal expression ( 2 ) descriptive issues concerning the treatment of plurality , bridging , aggregation , eventualities , reference to text , cross-modal reference , etc . ( 3 ) representational issues ( i . e . , what kind of meaning representations should form the input to the generation algorithm ? ) ( 4 ) reversibility of grammars ( 5 ) differences in textual style or ` genre ' ( 6 ) psycholinguistic research relevant to computational natural language generation ( nlg ) ( 7 ) corpus - based work leading to insights relevant for computational nlg ( 8 ) issues of system / algorithm evaluation . practical issues : we welcome short ( i . e . , roughly 1000-1500 words ) electronic submissions ( send email to rodger . kibble @ itri . brighton . ac . uk ) on the theme of the workshop . submissions should be in postscript or plain ascii . please include """" esslli99 """" in the subject line of your message to make things easy for us . in accordance with the description of the workshop description , we encourage submissions about theoretical ( e . g . , formal semantic or psycholinguistic ) , applied , or corpus-based work , as long as the work is clearly relevant for nlg programs . no matter what they consider the main focus of their work , we ask authors to * stress relevance for nlg * in their submission ( and , later , in their presentation ) . this will ensure that all contributions will contain a common ` core ' , notwithstanding their differences in perspective . it is esslli 's practice to make sure that workshops go ahead only if there turns out to be a sufficient level of interest , based on quantity and quality of submissions . workshop speakers are required to register for the summer school ; however , workshop speakers will be able to register at a reduced rate to be determined by the organizing committee . limited funds are available to contribute to speakers ' expenses in exceptional circumstances . important dates : - first call for papers : 22 october 1998 - deadline for submissions of abstracts : 1 march 1999 - notification of acceptance : 1 may 1999 - workshop to be held : august 9-13 for any questions , please contact the organizers or consult our web page at < http : / / www . itri . brighton . ac . uk / projects / gnome / esslli99 . html > which will shortly be available . rodger kibble & kees van deemter information technology research institute ( itri ) university of brighton lewes road , watts building brighton bn2 4gj united kingdom email : rodger . kibble @ itri . brighton . ac . uk kees . van . deemter @ itri . brighton . ac . uk fax : + 44 1273 642908
 "",0
 2080,""Subject: language and culture
  
  call for papers s a l s a the symposium about language and society - austin is pleased to announce its seventh annual meeting to be held april 9-11 , 1999 at the university of texas at austin . we encourage the submission of abstracts on research that addresses the relationship of language to culture and society . desired frameworks include but are not limited to : linguistic anthropology sociolinguistics ethnography of communication speech play , verbal art , and poetics political economy of language 1999 keynote speakers jill brody louisiana state university charles goodwin university of california , los angeles marjorie harness goodwin university of california , los angeles elizabeth keating university of texas at austin selected papers delivered at the conference will be published as a special edition of the texas linguistic forum . speakers will be allowed 20 minutes for presentation and 10 minutes for discussion . papers will be selected based on the evaluation of an anonymous written abstract which may not exceed one page ( using 10 pt . font or larger ) . please submit : 1 ) six ( 6 ) copies of the abstract , on 81 / 2 x 11 paper , to the address below . 2 ) a 3x5 card with the following information : a ) the title of the paper b ) author 's name c ) author 's affiliation d ) address , phone number , and email address at which the author wishes to be notified . 3 ) a short 100 word abstract , on a 3 . 5 """" disk ( mac or pc ) , for publication in the conference program . texts must be word-processed in text-only ascii or microsoft word ( mac or pc ) . please label your disk clearly . see the salsa web page for more details : http : \ \ www . dla . utexas . edu \ depts \ anthro \ projects \ salsa deadline for receipt of abstracts is january 15 , 1999 . late submissions will not be accepted , and we cannot accept papers which are to be published elsewhere . notification of acceptance or rejection will be sent in mid - february , 1999 . registration fees will be approximately $ 20 for students and $ 35 for non-students . papers must be received by early june , 1999 to be included in the published proceedings . send all correspondence to : salsa department of linguistics university of texas at austin austin , tx 78712 email : salsa @ ccwf . cc . utexas . edu anastasia coles amanda doran nisha merchant goss salsa vii co - chairs salsa @ ccwf . cc . utexas . edu
 "",0
 2081,""Subject: terminology and knowledge engineering
  
  last call for papers ( deadline for submissions : 30 november 1998 ) 5th international congress on terminology and knowledge engineering tke 99 innsbruck ( austria ) 23-27 august 1999 organized by association for terminology and knowledge transfer ( gtw ) international information centre for terminology ( infoterm ) international network for terminology ( termnet ) http : / / gtw-org . uibk . ac . at / tke . html general considerations on behalf of the association for terminology and knowledge transfer - gesellschaft fr terminologie und wissenstransfer ( gtw ) - we are pleased to announce the 5th international congress on terminology and knowledge engineering tke ' 99 which will be held on the campus of the university of innsbruck , austria , between 23-27 august , 1999 . in continuation of the first four tke congresses in trier ( 1987 and 1990 ) , cologne ( 1993 ) and vienna ( 1996 ) , tke ' 99 will address world-wide interests in the interdisciplinary methods of terminology science , information science , computer science . it should furthermore help achieve the """" universal availability of information and knowledge """" via computerized methods , multimedia content-oriented net applications and other tools , open new horizons for more efficient applications based upon this integration of methodologies and elicit the interest and participation of experts working in the fields that are gradually drawing nearer from the point of theory and methodology such as * knowledge engineering * language engineering * computational philosophy * classification theory * information & documentation * computer - assisted instruction / learning * computerised terminography * specialized translation * technical writing * culture - related aspects of terminology tke ' 99 will address world-wide interests in the interdisciplinary methods of terminology studies , information science and computer science . it will help achieve the """" universal availability of information and knowledge """" via computerized methods , multimedia content-oriented net applications and other tools as well as open new horizons for more efficient applications based upon this integration of methodologies . tke 99 will also elicit the interest and participation of experts working in the fields that are gradually drawing nearer from the point of theory and methodology . general schedule while monday and tuesday are reserved for workshops , the main conference with parallel sections and the exhibition will be held from wednesday to friday . the conference starts with a general opening on wednesday morning . the keynote address """" conceptual navigation in multimedia knowledge spaces """" will be held by prof . kim veltman from the renowned european mcluhan institute for digital culture in maastricht . the second international infoterm award for applied research and development in the field of terminology ( terminology ard award 1999 ) will be awarded in conjunction with the tke 99 . there will also be the 13th gtw general assembly , meetings of the iitf , termnet and a tdcnet presentation . a high-ranking multimedia summit is planned for the day after the tke . sections the conference is subdivided into sections and workshops . the first will address theoretical problems and questions regarding each topic whereas the workshops cater for more application-oriented issues . the following sections are planned for tke ' 99 ; the persons mentioned are organizers and members of the reviewing panel . the keywords ( key ) should help to define the topics of each section . section 1 : philosophy of science and terminology studies e . oeser , g . budin key : knowledge theory , logic , epistemology , ontology , cognitive science , semiotics , fundamentals of computational philosophy section 2 : knowledge resource management kd . schmitz , s . e . wright , i . meyer key : knowledge data modelling , information management , knowledge rich terminology data bases , terminology and other data interchange , encyclopedic knowledge , reference tools , copyright issues , terminology and knowledge data extraction section 3 : knowledge transfer by specialist communication h . picht , s . shelov , j . graham key : specialized languages , knowledge and technology transfer section 4 : terminology in multimedia , education and training c galinski , k . prochazka , t . cabr i castellvi , h . sonneveld key : multi / hypermedia teaching and training , call , re-usability of language resources for textbooks and other teaching materials , scientific and technical writing , tele - and online teaching , new media and www didactics section 5 : terminology , localisation and internationalization a . melby , s . e . wright , k . h . freigang key : software localisation , technical documentation , user interfaces , usability validation and testing , liability issues , distributed cooperative authoring via the internet , unicode and www , language data in non - european scripts , interface between product data in td and cad / cam as well as inventory control , new technologies ( e . g . thin film displays , ' intelligent ' textiles etc . ) , quality management and terminology section 6 : terminology in new world wide web applications k . ahmad , f . mayer , c . plested alvarez key : preparation , representation and distribution of terminology and knowledge through the www , e-commerce , database and online publishing , global engineering networks ( gen ) , ipr issues , liability issues , knowledge management in virtual enterprises , definition of smallest knowledge units ( for accounting etc . ) section 7 : terminology in the multilingual information society c . lauren , y . arsky , j . myking key : human translation , terminology in plurilingual settings , multilingualism policies / strategies , language policies in enterprises , internationalization and globalisation , terminology documentation networks , european multilingual information society , global information alliance . section 8 : culture in the multimedia information society h . benking , a . goppold , g . budin key : multimodality of contents , indexing of cultural information , multidimensional classification of culture information , distribution and marketing of cultural information through the internet , culture and multimedia technology : bidirectional impacts , influence of esthetics on mm technology and database modelling , terminology in cultural information systems , culture-specific concepts in cross-culture communication , terminological methodology for multilingual culture encyclopedia design and publishing submitted papers the overall time for presentations including time for discussion will be 30 minutes . the papers may be presented in english , german or french while the submitted written version for the proceedings should be in english . according to the time schedule above some 50 papers ( including the keynote speech at the general opening and the second keynote address on thursday morning ) will be presented at tke ' 99 . the abstracts should be sent preferably by e-mail ( peter . sandrini @ uibk . ac . at ) , a submission form is available on the tke home page at http : / / gtw-org . uibk . ac . at / tke . html , by mail or by fax . authors are asked to provide an abstract of their papers to the organizer by 30 november 1998 , at the latest . the abstract undergoes a reviewing process carried out by the programming committee and the section organizers . by the end of january 1999 the authors will be informed about the acceptance of their papers . they will have time until 30 march 1999 to submit the full version , which will be processed for publication in the proceedings and printed prior to the congress . proceedings the proceedings of tke ' 99 will be published in advance by termnet . there will be one volume of the proceedings including all papers in topic order . the proceedings will be available for the participants at the beginning of the congress . workshops workshops within the framework of the congress are held on monday and tuesday . several workshops in correspondence with the section topics either with a more application-oriented or research-oriented emphasis are planned . exhibition within the framework of the general tke conference an exhibition / fair will be organized from wednesday through friday and coordinated by termnet . the conditions for exhibitors will be available from termnet . location the workshops on monday and tuesday as well as the congress itself are planned to be held in the rooms of the university of innsbruck . detailed plans for venues , lunches , exhibition etc . will be given later . tke youth forum students and young graduates interested in terminology and knowledge engineering will be welcome to the tke conference and a special package ( tke youth forum ) will be available which comprises : reduced congress fee reduced workshop fee admission to the youth forum this special package applies to students and graduates with a degree not older than three years . a photocopy of the student id or passport is required . congress fees detailed information on congress fees will be given in the program to be printed and distributed at the beginning of 1999 . for the speakers accepted , a reduction of 50 % will be allowed . conference participants requesting a reduced fee will have to provide adequate proof . programming committee : khurshid ahmad , university of surrey ( great britain ) yuri arsky , viniti ( russia ) heiner benking , universitt ulm ( germany ) gerhard budin , universitt wien ( austria ) teresa cabr i castellvi , universitat pompeu fabra , barcelona ( spain ) karl - heinz freigang , universitt des saarlandes , saarbrcken ( germany ) christian galinski , infoterm , vienna ( austria ) andreas goppold , universitt ulm ( germany ) john d . graham , deutscher terminologietag e . v . ( germany ) jiao yunqi , csicci ( china ) christer lauren , university of vasa ( finland ) felix mayer , europische akademie bozen ( italy ) alan k . melby , brigham young university , provo ( usa ) ingrid meyer , university of ottawa ( canada ) johan myking , bergen ( norway ) erhard oeser , universitt wien , vienna ( austria ) heribert picht , handelshojskolen i kobenhavn , copenhagen ( denmark ) cecilia plested alvarez , universidad de antioquia ( colombia ) kurt prochazka , tgm ( austria ) peter sandrini , universitt innsbruck ( austria ) klaus - dirk schmitz , fachhochschule kln , cologne ( germany ) sergey d . shelov , committee for scientific terminology in fundamental research ( russia ) helmi sonneveld , eaft ( netherlands ) sue ellen wright , kent - state - university , ohio ( usa ) organizing committee christian galinski , infoterm , vienna ( austria ) klaus - dirk schmitz , fachhochschule kln , cologne ( germany ) peter sandrini , universitt innsbruck ( austria ) hideshiro nakamoto , iris , tokyo ( japan ) irmgard rieder , universitt innsbruck ( austria ) roberta schwarz , termnet ( austria ) supporting organisations : international institute for terminology research ( iitf ) german terminology society ( dtt ) european association for terminology ( eaft ) tdc - net consortium - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - pre - registrations : tyrol congress gmbh rennweg 3 , a-6020 innsbruck tel . + 43 + 512 / 575600 fax : + 43 + 512 / 575607 email : tyrol . congress @ tirol . com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - contributions and abstracts : gesellschaft fr terminologie und wissenstransfer ( gtw ) universitt innsbruck fischnalerstr . 4 a-6020 innsbruck ( austria ) tel . + 43 512 507 4261 fax + 43 512 507 2966 http : / / gtw-org . uibk . ac . at email : peter . sandrini @ uibk . ac . at - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - peter sandrini institut fuer uebersetzen und dolmetschen tel + 43 0512 507 4261 der universitaet innsbruck ( austria ) fax """" 2966
 "",0
 2082,""Subject: natural language processing
  
  @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ * % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ % % \ \ / / | _ _ _ | \ \ / / | _ _ | / \ | | % % \ \ / / | | _ \ \ / / | | / _ \ | | % % \ \ / / | | _ _ / / \ \ | | / _ _ _ \ | | _ _ _ % % \ _ _ / | _ _ _ _ | / / \ \ | _ / _ / \ _ \ _ _ _ _ _ | % % % % % % vextal % % venezia per il trattamento automatico delle lingue % % % % universita ' ca ' foscari - auditorium s . margherita % % dal 20 al 22 settembre 1999 % % per informazioni guardate la pagina web : % % http : / / byron . cgm . unive . it / eventi / vextal % % % % % @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( see english version below ) vextal primo annuncio ( prima scadenza : 6 marzo 1999 ) venezia dal 20 al 22 settembre 1999 il convegno vextal si terra ' a venezia , nell ' auditorium s . margherita dell ' universita ' ca ' foscari ed e ' rivolto a linguisti che usano metodi computazionali e quantitativo / statistici nello studio delle lingue . il convegno vextal e ' stato preceduto lo scorso anno da fractal , tenutosi a besancon - francia . le lingue ufficiali del convegno sono l ' italiano , il francese e l ' inglese . tematiche le comunicazioni , della durata di 20 minuti , domande incluse , potranno trattare i temi piu ' noti del tal : lessico morfologia sintassi semantica pragmatica discorso analisi generazione riassunto dialogo traduzione automatica approcci logici , quantitativi , statistici , simbolici altri domini di interesse per vextal sono i seguenti : aspetti cognitivi terminologia , acquisizione di conoscenza dai testi estrazione d ' informazione linguistica dei corpora correttori grammaticali , style-checkers insegnamento delle lingue assistito dall ' elaboratore linguistica matematica e quantitativa si accettano lavori su applicazioni implementate e verificate nel campo del tal . sono incoraggiate le dimostrazioni come complemento della presentazione di lavori scientifici . i lavori verranno pubblicati negli atti della conferenza . date da ricordare scadenza per l ' invio proposta : 6 marzo 1999 notificazione di accettazione : 15 maggio 1999 versione finale : 10 giugno 1999 conferenza : 20-22 settembre 1999 modalita ' di invio le proposte dovranno essere anonime , cioe ' non dovra ' apparire ne ' il nome dell ' autore ne ' una sua citazione . gli articoli non dovranno superare le 9 pagine , spaziatura singola , times 10 , 6000 parole massimo . gli articoli devono essere inviati in forma cartacea , formato a4 , o in forma elettronica , formato . rtf di word o . ps al seguente indirizzo : indirizzo elettronico : vextal @ byron . cgm . unive . it indirizzo postale : vextal - ca ' garzoni - moro san marco 3417 universita ' ca ' foscari 30124 - v e n e z i a ( it ) formato dell ' invio elettronico : l ' invio elettronico deve essere indirizzato all ' indirizzo indicato piu ' sopra , vextal @ cgm . unive . it , con il """" subject """" , """" vextal - relazione """" , per l ' articolo e """" vextal - autore """" per la pagina contenente titolo , nome autore , affiliazione , indirizzo postale ed elettronico , numero di telefono , fax e pagina web . i formati possono essere solo - rtf ( word ) e postscript importante : tutti i lavori . ps devono essere in formato a4 . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % vextal first call for proposals ( deadline : 6 march 1999 ) venice ( italy ) 20 - 22 september 1999 for more information look at the web page : http : / / byron . cgm . unive . it / eventi / vextal the vextal conference will be held in the auditorium s . margherita of the university ca ' foscari - venice ( it ) , 20 - 22 september , 1999 . it is directed to research people working in the area of computational linguistics , mathematical and quantitative linguistics , corpus linguistics and language engineering . it is the follow-up of fractal held in besancon ( france ) , last year . the official languages of the conference are italian , french and english . themes papers are invited for twenty minute talks , questions included , in all areas of natural language processing , including ( but not limited to ) : lexicon morphology syntax semantics pragmatics discourse parsing text generation abstraction / summarization dialogue machine translation quantitative , logical , symbolical and statistical approaches vextal also welcomes submissions from fields for which nlp plays an important role , which are more application oriented : cognitive aspects terminology , knowledge acquisition information extraction documentary retrieval corpus linguistics grammar and style-checkers and nlp tools computer assisted language learning mathematical & quantitative linguistics vextal invites submissions focusing on nlp applications already implemented , tested and evaluated . demos are strongly encouraged , in addition to a standard paper . all accepted papers will be published in the conference proceedings . calendar submission deadline : 6 march 1999 notification to authors : 15 may 1999 final version due : 10 june 1999 conference : 20 - 22 september 1999 submission procedure submissions will be anonymous , and should therefore not include the author 's name , nor any self-reference . the maximum length is nine pages , single spaced , times 10 , ( approx . 6000 words ) . hard - copies of the paper must be in a4 format . authors are encouraged to send an electronic version of their paper . e - mail address : vextal @ byron . cgm . unive . it address : vextal - ca ' garzoni - moro san marco 3417 universita ' ca ' foscari 30124 - v e n e z i a ( it ) guidelines for electronic submission : authors should send their submission ( neither compressed nor encoded ) via e - mail as an attached file to the address above , specifying """" vextal - submission """" as the subject . a separate identification page ( with the following information : title of the paper , author 's name , affiliation , postal address , e - mail address , fax and telephone number ) should also be send specifying """" vextal - author """" . papers must be sent in one of the following formats : - rtf ( word ) document and postscript version . important : all postscript versions must be in a4 format . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
 "",0
 2083,""Subject: cognitive studies in creolistics
  
  6th international cognitive linguistics conference stockholm , 11th - 16th july 1999 . theme session : cognitive studies in creolistics call for abstracts the theme session is intended as a workshop in which papers that are relevant to this topic are invited in order to promote the discussion between creolists and cognitive linguists . the papers may incorporate empirical studies as well as theoretical debates that discuss aspects of description and analysis of mental structures and language processes within the field of creole languages . there are two main strands in the field which are presently discussed , the question of creole genesis as a gradual restructuring process on the one hand , and questions of practical implications of creole research on bilingual education and standardization in the creole societies on the other hand . how can we - from a cognitivist 's point of view - account for the existence of different degrees in a yet consistent pattern of restructuring ? what are the cognitive components that shape language competence in a creole setting where children grow up bilingually , either where the lexifying language of the creole equals the standard or where they differ ? another set of questions that can be raised with respect to this workshop relates to the topic of how studies of creole languages , and other contact language varities ( e . g . pidgins ) might contribute to cognitive linguistic theory in general . for instance , certain structural features of creoles have been said to be ' universal ' in the sense of common to all creole languages ; ( how ) can we explain these features from a cognitivist viewpoint ? how does the structure of creoles ( and again , other contact language varieties ) differ from that of other natural languages , and how can these differences be explained ? ' we would like to organize the papers under the following headings : 1 . aspects of language systems 2 . creolization as language acquisition 3 . bilingualism half - to one page abstracts should be submitted by e-mail to anette nielsen ( vixen @ ling . aau . dk ) by november 1st . 1998 . ( we are very , very sorry for not having sent out this call earlier - there has been a misunderstanding between the theme session and conference organizers . we sincerely hope that you can manage to come up with an abstract anyway . ) notification of acceptance will be by november 15th . further information about the 6th international cognitive linguistics conference can be obtained at the conference website : http : / / bamse . ling . su . se / iclc99 theme session organizers : rebekka ehret and anette nielsen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ get your private , free email at http : / / www . hotmail . com
 "",0
 2084,""Subject: languaging 99 : a conference across literature , linguistics , & writing
  
  update : languaging 99 announcing the linguistics plenary speaker : donna jo napoli swarthmore college also , call for last-minute papers : languaging 99 : a conference across literature , linguistics , and writing university of north texas , denton , texas 4 - 6 march 1999 ( see our previous linguist posting for more details ) submission """" deadline """" : email : beginning of november 1998 linglit @ unt . edu for more information : see our previous linguist post , or to go http : / / www . unt . edu / languaging
 "",0
 2085,""Subject: review of mon - khmer studies 27
  
  review of mon - khmer studies , vol . 27 ( 1997 ) ; mahidol university at salaya , thailand , and summer institute of linguistics , dallas , texas , usa ; us $ 39 . 00 . reviewed by neil h . olsen , neil . olsen @ ci . slc . ut . us volume 27 of mon - khmer studies ( mks ) is dedicated to paul k . benedict on the occasion of his 85th birthday ( 5 july 1997 ) . tragically , dr . benedict died sixteen days later in an automobile accident . robert s . bauer writes a memorial tribute which includes a concise biography . following bauer 's memorial , he and other mks editors have compiled a bibliography of benedict \ 213s articles , books , and conference papers - - the most current and complete published to date . mks 27 is the third volume in the special series dedicated to recognized experts in the field of southeast asian linguistics . mks 25 was dedicated to the late andre haudricourt and mks 26 to david thomas , one of the founding editors of mks in 1964 . mks 28 will resume the regular format of the journal . although mks is generally a journal devoted to mon - khmer and austroasiatic languages , it welcomes articles on other southeast asian languages and language families . the 28 papers in this volume are more ambitious than previous mks volumes and represent a wide range of linguistic topics which reflect dr . benedict 's broad , eclectic , and sometimes controversial interests . there are papers on chinese , japanese , tai , sino - tibetan , tibeto - burman , hmong - mien , austronesian , and , of course , austroasiatic . the main purpose of this review is to briefly summarize the various papers so that readers may select those articles which interest them . the first paper is paul k . benedict 's , """" interphyla flow in southeast asia , """" which was one of the keynote speeches at the 4th international symposium on languages and linguistics , pan - asiatic linguistics , held in bangkok in january 1966 . benedict warns us that the field of southeast asian linguistics is the bosnia of historical linguistics - - a lovely landscape strewn with land mines ! he playfully formulates a law of historical linguistics : the number of linguistic errors perpetrated is inversely proportional to the median length of the roots involved . the remainder of his paper is devoted to exploring sino - tibetan , mon - khmer , and austro - tai homelands ( with a map and diagram ) , distinguishing between direct and stimulus diffusion in interphyla tone flow , and contrasting affixation patterns among the superstocks . finally , he traces a pair of mon - khmer loan - words , ' tiger ' and ' raptor ' , as they ' invade ' southeast asia . """" on the track of austric : part ii , consonant mutation in early austroasiatic ' by la vaughn h . hayes is a data-rich paper continuing ( part i in mks 21 ) his effort to validate wilhem schmidt 's 1906 hypothesis that austroasiatic and austronesian are genetically related and should be grouped under a new austric superstock . hayes claims that diachronic changes affecting proto - austroasiatic obscure and conceal the linkage between ancient consonants and their modern reflexes . these changes have contributed to the difficulty of establishing the lexical connection between austroasiatic and austronesian . this paper describes and details four plre phonological shifts - - palatalization , spirantization , assibilation , and voicing - - which took place early in the history of the austroasiatic language family causing massive mutations in the consonant system . dipankar moral , in """" north - east india as a linguistic area , """" delineates seven indian states - - with 220 languages belonging to the indo - european , sino - tibetan , and austroasiatic families - - as a linguistic area distinct from the rest of india . lists of common linguistic characteristics ( phonological , grammatical , and lexical features ) bolster the argument of areal uniqueness . read this paper in conjunction with simon 's paper noted below . michel ferlus , in ' le maleng bro et le vietnamien , describes the phonology and morphology of maleng bro , a viet - muong language spoken in khammouan , laos . data from maleng sheds light on viet - muong linguistic history , especially the syllable structure and ancient morphology of vietnamese and the development of its tones . david filbeck , in """" the protasis - apodosis construction in mal , """" gives a structural and functional description of a topic-comment syntactic pattern in mal , a mon - khmer language spoken in northern thailand . sujaritlak deepadung and suriya ratanakul , in """" final particles in conversational mal ( thin ) , """" discuss status , question , and mood sentence final particles in the ban sakat klang dialect of mal . dai qingxia and liu yan , in """" analysis of the tones in the guangka subdialect of deang , """" present a synchronic description and analysis of guangka tones . they compare guangka to other deang dialects with and without tones . deang is a mon - khmer language spoken in southwest yunnan , china . this study contributes to further understanding of the development of tone systems in mon - khmer languages . theraphan l . - thongkum , in """" the place of lawi , harak , and tariang within bahnaric , """" presents the results of field work with mon - khmer languages spoken in sekong province , laos . ethnolinguistic data and word lists are included . lawi is classified as a west bahnaric language , while the place of harak and tariang within bahnaric is unclear at present . natalja m . spatar , in """" imperative constructions in cambodian , """" notes that the cambodian imperative paradigm consists of four categories : 1st person sg . and pl . , 2nd person , and 3rd person . the center of this paradigm is the 2nd person imperative forms : any imperative marker ( except oj ) can be used in a 2nd person imperative , and only 2nd person imperatives can be used without any marker and without a subject . suwilai premsrirat , in """" linguistic contributions to the study of the northern khmer language of thailand in the last two decades , """" surveys the linguistic work , major developments , and recent research that has been conducted on khmer ( cambodian ) as spoken in thailand . a 3 - page bibliography is included . sophana srichampa , in """" serial verb constructions in vietnamese , """" examines a specific verb construction in vietnamese - - a sequence of verbs occurring together with a non-overt subject and / or a non-overt object - - within the framework of government and binding theory . zhou zhizhi and yan qixiang , in their """" on the genetic affiliation of vietnamese , """" reopen the old debate concerning whether vietnamese is a tai , austroasiatic , or chinese language . they compare 159 basic vocabulary items from vietnamese with thai and zhuang ( tai languages ) and wa , blang , and palaung ( austroasiatic languages ) . focusing on a 40 % cognate rate with wa , they examine phonetic and grammatical similarities between vietnamese and wa and confirm that vietnamese is indeed an austroasiatic language . i . m . simon , in """" on first looking into paul k . benedict 's sino - tibetan , """" uses benedict 1972 as a starting point to compare khasi , a mon - khmer language spoken in assam , with tibeto - burman , and with huffman 's ( 1990 ) mon and kur wordlists . this paper should be read in conjunction with moral 's paper noted above . david bradley , in """" what did they eat ? grain crops of the burmic groups . """" follows up on benedict 1972 and 1975 and takes a closer look at the reconstruction of words for various grain crops within the burmic subgroup of sino - tibetan . bradley draws some conclusions about the implications of this reconstruction for the original homeland of the burmic , tibeto - burman , and sino - tibetan groups . james a . matisoff , in """" dayang pumi phonology and adumbrations of comparative qiangic , """" analyzes pumi 's complex phonology and tones in great detail . he discusses pumi 's place in the qiangic family and notes that much internal reconstruction will be necessary before details of the complex initial - and rhyme-correspondences will be figured out . pumi is a tai language spoken in yunnan , china . helen potopova , in """" semantic characteristics of the tibetan honorific forms , """" focuses on words taking honorific prefixes , the original meanings of which are anatomical terms . in tibetan , the choice to use an honorific form as opposed to a neutral form is determined by social stratification and the situation of the communication act itself . semantic and lexical evidence is presented . george bedell , in """" causatives and clause union in lai ( chin ) , """" examines causative constructions in lai within a generative framework . lai , also called hakha chin , is spoken in chin state , myanmar ( burma ) . ilia peiros , in """" lolo - burmese linguistic archaeology , """" discusses what linguistic data suggest about speakers of proto - lolo - burmese ( plb ) . three main issues are discussed : ( 1 ) localization of plb homeland ; ( 2 ) absolute dating for the disintegration of plb homeland ; and ( 3 ) some features of plb cultural reconstruction . peiros proposes that 3800-3600 years ago a highly developed culture flourished in yunnan , connected more with sub - himalayan cultures than southeast asian . there is an appendix of plb cultural lexicon . k . s . nagaraja 's """" kinship terms in konyak naga """" is a data paper listing kinship terminology collected for konyak naga , a tibeto - burman language of nagaland state in india . jerold a . edmonson and kenneth j . gregerson , in their """" outlying kam - tai : notes on ta mit laha , """" offer recent field notes primarily on the phonology of laha , a kadai language spoken in northern vietnam . there is a brief overview of laha ethnolinguistic history along with comparative comments on the rather large shared vocabulary with the tai branch . they conclude that the laha language of ta mit township will prove useful in future work in deciphering the history of outlier kadai languages . wave form and pitch trajectory of two words are illustrated ; a map showing laha groups in vietnam and china is very useful . luo yongxian , in """" expanding the proto - tai lexicon - - a supplement to li ( 1977 ) , """" examines a sizable number of new cognate sets which substantially expands li 's seminal 1977 work . using lexical classification , the new cognates sets are arranged by semantic field : nature and environment , agricultural terms , etc . implications of lexical classification for subgrouping in tai langauges are discussed and cognates rates are tabulated . qin xiaohang , in """" evolution of the initial consonant clusters pl , kl , ml in the hongshiuhe vernacular of zhuang , """" analyzes the historical evolution of the initial consonant clusters pl , kl , ml in the hongshuihe vernacular , a northern dialect of zhuang , a tai language , spoken in guangxi zhuang autonomous region in china . udom warotamasikkhadit , in """" fronting and backing topicalization in thai , """" observes that , in thai , topicalization can occur at the beginning of , in the middle of , or at the end of a sentence . illustrative sentences are given and it is concluded that topicalization is closely related to emphasis . apiluck tumtavitikul , in """" reflection on the x ' category in thai , """" questions whether or not there is an intermediate level of x ' category in thai . evidence is presented for the existence of x ' in thai , in particular , n ' and v ' , and most probably a ' and p ' as well , if a similar kind of argumentation is applied . there is a concluding discussion of the implications . martha ratliff , in """" hmong - mien demonstratives and pattern persistence , """" examines the persistence of a 3 - way , person-oriented demonstrative system in the hmong - mien ( miao - yao ) family . the hmong daw ( white hmong ) demonstrative ko ' that-near you ' is discussed in detail . ratliff comments on the implications of pattern persistence in relation to southeast asia areal types , relexification , and hmong - mien as austro - tai . christiane cormo , in """" towards a constructivist approach of the japanese ' passive ' , """" recategorizes japanese passive verbs according to the pronominal approach in a constructivist framework . joseph f . kess and tadao miyamoto , in """" psycholinguistic aspects of hanji processing in chinese , """" explore the psycholinguistic dimensions of logographic hanji character processing and linguistic recognition in chinese . they review the current literature on the subject and attempt to synthesize the conflicting explanations offered by two opposing theoretical models of chinese lexical access , word recognition , and the architecture of the chinese mental lexicon . the final paper in the volume , ernest w . lee 's , """" austronesian for ordinary speakers of austronesian languages """" demonstrates the pedagogical technique of introducing the notion of a proto-language and daughter languages to non-linguist austronesian speakers from the solomon islands and vanuatu using roglai ( vietnam ) and maguindanao ( philippines ) cognates . errata for two articles that appeared in mks 26 , and a publications list of the institute of language and culture for rural development at mahidol university complete this issue . soliciting , compiling , and editing articles for inclusion in dedicatory or special issues of journals is difficult in itself ; the editors of mks have done an admirable job on the last three volumes . my only criticism is that in a few papers ( e . g . , ratliff , cormo ) , some works cited are not referenced in the bibliography , making it difficult to follow up on an interesting topic . bibliography benedict , paul k . 1972 sino - tibetan : a conspectus . james a matisoff , contributing ed . cambridge : cambridge university press . benedict , paul k . 1975 austro - thai language and culture . new haven : human relations area files . huffman , franklin e . 1990 burmese mon , thai mon , and nyah kur : a synchronic comparison . mks 16-17 : 31-84 . li , fang - kuei . 1977 a handbook of comparative tai . oceanic linguistics special publications , 15 . honolulu : the university press of hawaii . the author of this review is neil h . olsen , information planner with salt lake city corporation . he earned a m . a . in linguistics from the university of utah in 1994 . olsen has been an adjunct instructor at the english language institute , university of utah . his linguistic interests focus on south bahnaric languages , where he did field work with koho speakers in vietnam ( 1967-68 ) and in north carolina ( 1997 ) . he is currently working on a koho grammar and dictionary .
 "",0
 2086,""Subject: syntaxis : an international journal of syntactic research
  
  the first issue of syntaxis , a journal published by the university of huelva press in spain , has just come out . the articles in volume 1 ( 1998 ) are the following : t . givon : the syntax of literacy lyn frazier : syntactic theory and syntactic processing juan carlos moreno - cabrera : sintaxis formal y sintaxis conceptual : mas alla de la tipologia de las oraciones de relativo jose luis gonzalez - escribano : minimalism , move and the internal subject hypothesis ( ish ) bart defrancq : embedded interrogatives and coordination in french enrique alcaraz : claves sintacticas de la estilistica linguistica william o'grady : principles of phrasal architecture : category assignment in coordinate structures frederick j . newmeyer : the irrelevance of typology for grammatical theory syntaxis publishes articles presenting the results of current research in all areas related to the syntax of human languages . inspired by the original greek term syntaxis from which it takes its name , a major goal of this journal is to bring together different perspectives and approaches to the study of how languages put words together . syntaxis will also accept for publication review articles presenting the achievements and current state of established and emergent syntactic frameworks . information about orders , subscriptions , and contributions for publication can be obtained from http : / / www . philologia . uhu . es , or from : montserrat martinez ( montse @ uhu . es ) editor of syntaxis servicio de publicaciones de la universidad de huelva av . de las fuerzas armadas s / n e - 21007 huelva
 "",0
 2087,""Subject: toc : history of language 4 . 2
  
  the latest issue of _ history of language _ ( formerly _ dhumbadji ! journal for the history of language _ ) is now available , featuring : h . m . hubey : quantitative approaches to historical linguistics with example application to * pie / ie e . f . k . koerner : on the historiography of the polish contribution to the understanding of language change see http : / / www . lexicon . net / opoudjis / work / ahl . html for more information . - nick nicholas , linguistics & applied linguistics , n . nicholas @ linguistics . unimelb . edu . au university of http : / / www . lexicon . net / opoudjis melbourne , australia
 "",0
 2088,""Subject: first issue of language and linguistics
  
  we are pleased to announce the publication of the first issue of the new journal language and linguistics . the journal will appear twice a year in morocco . issue 1 , 1998 : studies in comparative linguistics table des matires / contents moha ennaji introduction frederick newmeyer preposition stranding : parametric variation and pragmatics fatima sadiqi the syntactic nature and position of object clitics in berber mohamed khalil ennassiri is arabic a v2 language ? andrzej zaborski personal pronoun systems and their origin in some languages of ethiopia fouad brigui les rapports associatifs saussuriens : paradigmes ou syntagmes ? moubarak hanoune la pause en arabe et categories syntaxiques ( in arabic ) """" languages and linguistics """" is a new world forum for the study of natural languages , with a special focus on the languages in use in africa and the middle east . the journal brings together research from english , french and arabic traditions , publishing significant work on phonology , morphology , syntax , lexis and semantics , sociolinguistics , pragmatics , discourse analysis , applied linguistics , language acquisition , computational linguistics and variation and comparative studies . contributions are in english , arabic and french . for further contact , please write to : professor moha ennaji , editor e-mail : estry @ fesnet . net . ma fax : + 212 46 08 44 university of fes faculte des lettres 1 bp 50 fes morocco for more information about the new journal , please consult : http : / / www . fesnet . net . ma / lang-ling
 "",0
 2089,""Subject: mental lexicon
  
  call for papers international conference on the mental lexicon september 3 - 5 , 1998 university of alberta edmonton , alberta , canada hosted by : the mcri international mental lexicon research group department of linguistics , university of alberta sponsored by : social sciences and humanities research council of canada , the university of alberta local organizer : gary libben submission deadline : march 16 , 1998 the international conference on the mental lexicon is soliciting abstracts for papers or posters that bear on the question of how morphologically simple and complex words are represented in the mind ( their morphological , phonological , syntactic , and semantic properties ) , how they are linked to one another , and how they are accessed in the processes of language production and comprehension . we welcome submissions of theoretical , psycholinguistic , neurolinguistic , and computational research . * conference location the conference will be held on the campus of the university of alberta . the university is located in the city of edmonton and is one the largest reseach-intensive universities in canada . the canadian rockies and the mountain towns of banff and jasper are a 3 - 4 hour drive from the city . * scientific committee gonia jarema , chair , university of montreal , canada ria de bleser , universitat potsdam , germany bruce derwing , university of alberta , canada eva kehayia , mcgill university , canada gary libben , university of alberta , canada jussi niemi , university of joensuu , finland loraine obler , cuny graduate center , u . s . a . * publication of proceedings selected papers will be published in the conference proceedings . * how to submit abstracts abstracts should be less than 500 words in length ( excluding references ) and may be submitted by mail , e-mail , or fax . submissions must be received by march 16 , 1998 . at the top of the abstract please include your name , affiliation , address , telephone and fax numbers , and e-mail address . please leave several lines between this information and the title and body of the abstract so that the header information can be removed for anonymous abstract review . also indicate at the top of your abstract , your preference for paper or poster presentation ( i . e . , paper only , poster only , paper or poster ) . send your abstract to : gonia jarema centre de recherche institut universitaire de geriatrie de montreal 4565 chemin queen mary montreal , quebec canada h3w 1w5 e-mail : jarema @ ere . umontreal . ca fax : ( 514 ) 340-3548 * for questions or more information on the conference please check our conference website : http : / / www . ualberta . ca / ~ linguis / lexiconf . html or contact gary libben tel : ( 403 ) 492-3434 fax : ( 403 ) 492-0806 e-mail : gary . libben @ ualberta . ca
 "",0
 2090,""Subject: glot international 3 : 1
  
  glot international , volume 3 ( 1998 ) , issue 1 ( january ) - state - of-the - article - - helen de hoop on partitivity """" [ t ] he main function of partitive elements is to make certain sets or entities accessible for quantification . in the case of ordinary partitives this process involves restricted or contextually bounded sets whereas in the case of other types of partitives ( pseudopartitives , faded partitives , partitive case ) the set or semantic entity that has to be made available for quantification is unrestricted or unbounded . """" - column - - recent issues in linguistics elan dresher : noch einmal comparative germanic : a tale of two journals """" it is based on a premise that would still strike many nonlinguists as incredible : the idea that small differences between languages are not just accidents of history or culture , but are connected by universal principles to other small , seemingly insignificant , differences . """" - dissertations - - the development of functional categories : the acquisition of the subject in french by astrid ferdinand reviewed by claire foley the nature of adjectival inflection by ellen - petra kester reviewed by judy b . bernstein - goodies - - tree - creation by elizabeth ritter reviewing arboreal - conference reports - - escol 1997 by chung - hye han going romance 11 by jan - wouter zwart - announcements - - - the number of death - - a linguistic mystery in eight installments by chris sidney tappan - concordance of intratextual references in chomsky 's chapter four - - compiled by c . j . w . zwart < http : / / www . hag . nl / glot > holland academic graphics [ scientific [ document ] processing ] p . o . box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands http : / / www . hag . nl phone : + 31704480203 fax : + 31704480177
 "",0
 2091,""Subject: book on labelled deduction
  
  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers labelled deduction ( an edited volume intended for the applied logic series of kluwer academic publishers ) http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - background in september 1998 , the university of freiburg ( germany ) hosted ld ' 98 the first international workshop on labelled deduction . the participants of ld ' 98 reported on research , related to or based on labelled deduction , in many areas of computer science , artificial intelligence , mathematical logic , cognitive science , philosophy , and computational linguistics . more information on ld ' 98 is available at the url of the workshop http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 / ws / motivated by the success of the workshop , the members of the program committee of ld ' 98 will edit a volume collecting original papers on this topic and titled labelled deduction ( an edited volume intended for the applied logic series of kluwer academic publishers ) topics of interest the title reflects the planned contents of this book : we welcome original contributions on all theoretical and practical aspects of labelled deduction , including but not limited to : * logical modeling based on labelled deduction * formal metatheory for , or based on , labelled deduction * hybrid reasoners and combinations of logics based on labelling * automated reasoning , implementation , and system support * annotated logic programming * applications submissions * authors are invited to submit full papers of at most 18 pages ( formatted as described below ) to be received by january 31st , 1999 . notification of acceptance or rejection of the papers will be sent by april 30th , 1999 , and final versions of accepted papers will be due by june 15th , 1999 . * submitted papers must be original and not submitted for publication elsewhere . * the primary means of submission is electronic , in postscript format . papers should be e-mailed to ld98 @ informatik . uni-freiburg . de . if electronic submission is not possible , then 5 hard copies should be sent to the postal address given below . regardless of the submission method , a letter or e-mail message accompanying the paper must contain the title , authors , and contact information ( e-mail and postal addresses ) . * authors are strongly encouraged to use latex2e and the article document class with a4paper and 11pt as options . ( basic dimensions for a4paper - 11pt format are approximately : text height 300mm , text width 210mm , 11pt text with a 13 . 5pt leading ( baseline skip ) . ) * submitted papers must be written in english . reception of submissions will be confirmed by e-mail after we have succeeded in printing the paper . important dates submission deadline : january 31st , 1999 notification of acceptance : april 30th , 1999 deadline for final papers : june 15th , 1999 program committee david basin , institut fur informatik , albert - ludwigs - universitat freiburg , germany marcello d ' agostino , universita di ferrara , italy dov gabbay , king 's college , london , uk sean matthews , max - planck - institut fur informatik , saarbracken , germany luca vigano , institut fur informatik , albert - ludwigs - universitat freiburg , germany addresses * the labelled deduction ( ld ' 98 ) home page ( http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 / ) * email : ld98 @ informatik . uni-freiburg . de * by post : labelled deduction c / o luca vigano institut fur informatik albert - ludwigs - universitat freiburg universitatsgelande flugplatz d-79110 freiburg germany phone : + 49 ( 761 ) 203-8243 fax : + 49 ( 761 ) 203-8242
 "",0
 2092,""Subject: general linguistics and native american language
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for papers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * kansas working papers in linguistics * * * * * number 1 : general linguistics number 2 : studies in native american languages deadline : january 31 , 1999 the editors of kansas working papers in linguistics will produce two numbers of volume 24 , for 1999 . we welcome submissions of papers on all topics in the field of linguistics and closely-related disciplines for number 1 . papers dealing with native languages of the americas will be selected for number 2 . since we are a working paper , publication in kwpl does not preclude later publication elsewhere of revised versions of papers . submissions should be in good readable form ( double or 1 . 5 spaced ) , not necessarily final copies . student papers are encouraged . please include name , address , email address ( if possible ) when sending correspondence . please send papers or inquiries to this address : editors , kwpl linguistics department 427 blake hall university of kansas lawrence , kansas 66045 e-mail : lgsa @ kuhub . cc . ukans . edu * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * john kyle , editor kwpl jkyle @ ukans . edu
 "",0
 2093,""Subject: machine translation
  
  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8th international conference on theoretical and methodological issues in machine translation tmi-99 august 23-25 , 1999 chester , uk http : / / www . ccl . umist . ac . uk / events / tmi99 / first announcement and call for papers the eighth conference in the tmi series will take place over august 23-25 , 1999 in the historic city of chester , uk . in addition to general theoretical and methodological issues , tmi-99 will have a major theme : modalities and mt : where can mt be used ? submissions referring to the above theme are encouraged . however , substantial , original , and unpublished research on any other issues relevant to machine translation are also welcome . proposals are also solicited for one day workshops ( see below ) . details on submissions and submission guidelines , along with a latex style file , will be put up on our web site . papers should be in english , not longer than 10 pages ( around 5 , 000 words ) . important dates paper submissions march 12 , 1999 acceptance notification may 14 , 1999 final copies due july 2 , 1999 conference dates tutorials : aug 22 , 1999 papers and panels : aug 23-25 , 1999 workshops : aug 26 , 1999 conference site the conference meetings will be held at chester college , in the city of chester uk . more information about the conference cite can be found at the web site : http : / / www . ccl . umist . ac . uk / events / tmi99 / . tmi-99 is supported by the european association for machine translation ( eamt ) call for workshop proposals proposals are solicited for one-day workshops addressing specific issues of interest in machine translation . if you would like to organize a workshop , send your proposals before november 30 , 1998 to the program chair < bond @ cslab . kecl . ntt . co . jp > . the proposal should include the theme and goal of the workshop , the planned activities , and a list of potential participants . tmi-99 officers : program chair : francis bond , ntt cs labs , kyoto local chairs : arturo trujillo and harold somers , umist , manchester general chair : sergei nirenburg , nmsu , las cruces nm program committee : laurie gerber ( systran , usa ) emmanuel planas ( geta , france ) melanie siegel ( dfki , germany ) stephen beale ( crl , usa ) kevin knight ( isi , usa ) kentaro ogura ( ntt , japan ) masahiko haruno ( atr , japan ) hiromi nakaiwa ( ntt , japan ) key - sun choi ( kaist , korea ) terumasa ehara ( nhk japan ) kristiina jokinen ( atr , japan ) graham wilcock ( umist , uk ) please address any further enquiries to the program chair : francis bond < bond @ cslab . kecl . ntt . co . jp > machine translation research group ntt communication science laboratories 2 - 4 hikari - dai , seika - cho , soraku - gun , kyoto , japan , 619-0237 tel : 0774-93 - 5313 ( + 81 ) fax : 0774-93 - 5345 ( + 81 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
 "",0
 2094,""Subject: spanish association of applied linguistics
  
  17th aesla conference university of alcala , madrid , spain 15-17 april , 1999 call for papers 1 - the university of alcala will host the 17th aesla ( spanish association of applied linguistics ) conference . the conference topic is """" 1999 : applied linguistics at the end of the century """" . it will consist of nine theme sections , which are listed below . there is an organizer for each section . 2 - deadlines . hard copies of communication proposals should be submitted before 15 december , 1998 . authors are expected to provide three copies of the full text of their contributions . the author 's name , address , phone number , fax number , e-mail , and professional information should appear only in one of the copies . please omit all this information from the other two copies . the full text , including bibliographical references , notes , figures , and appendixes , should not exceed 2 . 500 words . authors should ascribe their contributions to a theme section and submit them to the corresponding section organizer . submissions will be refereed . all submittors will be notified of the committee 's decision before the end of february 1999 . a style sheet for publication in book format will then be provided to all participants . submitters should be members of aesla . to become a member , contact the following address : secretaria de aesla universitat jaume i department de filologia anglesa i romanica campus de la carretera de borriol apartat de correus 224 12080 castellon , spain . e - mail : aesla @ fil . uji . es 3 - conference events 3 . 1 . the conference will feature at least four plenary lectures : - susan basnett ( univ . warwick ) - robert ilson ( univ . london ) - jeremy smith ( univ . glasgow ) - jane willis ( univ . birmingham ) 3 . 2 . the conference shall host several workshops and round tables , which will be simultaneous with other conference events . 3 . 3 . communications . presentation of communications will be restricted to twenty minutes plus ten minutes ' discussion . 3 . 4 . posters . abstracts of approximately 150 words should be submitted to the corresponding theme section organizer . as in the case of communications , authors should include their personal and professional data ( author 's name , address , phone number , fax number , and e-mail . ) . 4 - registration the registration form will be provided , together with hotel and excursion reservation information , in october . registration before march , 15th , 1999 members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 . 000 pts . non - members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 . 000 pts . students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 . 000 pts . registration after march , 15th , 1999 : members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 . 000 pts . non - memers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 . 000 ptas students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 . 000 pts . 5 - theme section organizers ( plus submittal address ) : language acquisition & learning rosa maria manchon ruiz universidad de murcia departamento de filologia inglesa plaza de la universidad 30071 - murcia tel : ( 34 ) - 968-363187 fax : ( 34 ) - 968 - 363185 / 363417 e - mail : manchon @ fcu . um . es syllabus design & language teaching aquilino sanchez perez universidad de murcia departamento de filologia inglesa plaza de la universidad 30071 - murcia tel : ( 34 ) - 968 - 363191 fax : ( 34 ) - 968 - 363185 e - mail : asanchez @ fcu . um . es language for specific purposes guadalupe aguado de cea universidad politecnica de madrid facultad de informatica campus de montegancedo boadilla del monte 28660 - madrid tel : ( 34 ) - 91 - 715 84 11 fax : ( 34 ) - 91 - 336 74 12 e - mail : lupe @ fi . upm . es language psychology , child language and psycholinguistics mercedes belinchon carmona universidad autonoma de madrid departamento de psicologia basica facultad de psicologia 28049 - madrid tel : 34 - 91-3975201 fax : 34 - 91-3975215 e - mail : mercedes . belinchon @ uam . es sociolinguistics isabel molina martos universidad de alcala departamento de filologia edificio de san jose de caracciolos c / trinidad 5 28801 - alcala de henares , madrid . tel : 34-91 - 8854430 fax : 34-91 - 8854413 e - mail : fimm @ filo . alcala . es pragmatics , discourse analysis & communication juana marin arrese uned departamento de filologias extranjeras facultad de filologia c / senda del rey s / n 28040 madrid tel . 34-91 - 3986842 fax : : 34-91 - 3986830 e - mail : jmarin @ sr . uned . es corpus linguistics & computational linguistics maria antonia martin antonin universidad de barcelona departamento de filologia romanica seccion de linguistica general gran via 585 08007 - barcelona tel . : 34-93 - 4035671 fax : 34-93 - 3189822 e - mail : amarti @ lingua . fil . ub . es lexicology & lexicography jesus m . sanchez garcia universidad de cordoba departamento de filologia francesa e inglesa facultad de filosofia y letras plaza del cardenal salazar , 3 14071 - cordoba tel : 34 - - 957 - 218135 fax : 34 - - 957 - 218789 e - mail : ff1sagaj @ lucano . uco . es interpreting & translation pamela faber universidad de granada departamento de traduccion e interpretacion facultad de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas 55 18002 - granada tel : 34-958 - 246261 fax . : 34-958 - 244104 e - mail : pfaber @ redestb . es 6 - for any enquiries concerning the conference , contact : xvii congreso de aesla facultad de filosofia y letras departamento de filologia moderna san jose de caracciolos c / trinidad , 5 28801 alcala de henares ( madrid ) tel . : 91 - 885 5347 fax : 91 - 885 4445 e-mail : congreso . aesla @ alcala . es 7 - information about alcala alcala is located 30 kms . away from madrid . it is cervantes 's birth place . the university was founded in 1499 by cardinal cisneros , so 1999 will be the 500th anniversary of the foundation of our university . the university of alcala interest in language studies has given rise to the organization of several international conferences on literature , language and linguistics . for more information on the area and on the university of alcala visit the following webpage : http : / / www . alcala . es
 "",0
 2095,""Subject: semiotic circle of california
  
  = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
 "",0
 2096,""Subject: cultural identities
  
  = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = call for papers """" rethinking identities : state , nation , culture """" asn 4th annual convention international affairs building , columbia university , ny sponsored by the harriman institute 15-17 april 1999 the annual convention of the association for the study of nationalities ( asn ) has become the premier event for the burgeoning community of scholars , journalists , and policy-makers interested in issues of national identity , ethnic conflict and state-building in the post - communist world . the convention has grown remarkably since its inception in 1996 , boasting over 450 participants and 60 panels in 1998 . it also acquired a genuine international stature , with one-third of last year 's paper-givers arriving from overseas , particularly from western and eastern europe . the central theme of the 1999 convention will revolve around questions of identities in east - central europe and the post - soviet union . special considerations will be given to inter-disciplinary panel proposals . convention panels cover the most burning issues in the field . examples from 1998 include the caspian sea and oil politics , the wars in the caucasus , kosovo , security in east - central europe , ukrainian nation - building , the osce , ethnic violence , citizenship in the baltics , the hungarian and russian - speaking diasporas , and many more . videos / films . the convention intends to show short videos ( 10-15 minutes ) , integrated into regular panels , as well as medium - and full-length videos or films , as special events . we welcome suggestions and proposals for videos and films focussing on east - central europe or the former soviet union . all correspondence should be sent to the program chair , dominique arel ( address below ) . location . as has been the case since the beginning , the convention will be hosted by the harriman institute at columbia university , in the international affairs building , 420 w . 118th st . , new york . schedule . the convention will begin on thursday , april 15th , at 1 pm , and ends saturday , april 17th in early evening . contrary to previous years , there will be no panels on sunday , and the dates do not coincide with the jewish and orthodox religious holidays , which take place earlier in the month . panel / roundtable / roundtable proposals . there is no particular application form to fill out . the vast majority of proposals were e-mailed to the program chair last year , but proposals sent by fax or regular mail are also accepted . for instructions on the proposals , see the """" application information """" below . all proposals must be sent to the program chair , dominique arel ( address below ) . registration . registration fees are $ 25 for asn members , $ 40 for non - members ( $ 20 for east european non - members ) and $ 10 for students . registration will be waived for students if they become first-time asn members ( at the student rate of $ 25 ) . all panel participants have to register by march 18th , 1998 . membership subscription to asn . a yearly membership to asn is $ 45 , and $ 25 for students . members receive the quarterly nationalities papers , analysis of current events ( ace ) , the bi-annual asnews , and a registration discount at the asn annual convention . beginning in 1999 , asn members will also have the option of subscribing to europe - asia studies at the cut-rate of $ 52 yearly . membership forms are available at the asn head office , c / o oded eran ( see address below ) . funding . participants are responsible for seeking their own funds to cover all travel and accommodation costs . asn is unable to assist participants financially , including applicants from eastern europe . accommodation . asn has a list of several recommended hotels , some in the $ 55 - $ 75 price range , others in the $ 100-120 area . for further information , please contact the convention coordinator oded eran ( address below ) . advertisements / exhibitors . several dozen companies had exhibits and / or advertised in the convention program in 1998 . due to considerations of space , advertisers and exhibitors are encouraged to place their order early . for information , please contact the convention coordinator oded eran ( address below ) . web site . our web site will soon provide continuously updated information on the asn convention : < http : / / library . pace . edu / asn . we look forward to seeing you at the convention ! dominique arel , program chair oded eran , convention coordinator application information asn is accepting proposals for panels , roundtables , or individual papers . there is no particular form to fill out . proposals can be emailed ( preferably ) , faxed or mailed to the program chair ( address below ) . proposals for panels with presentations based on papers must include : * a chair , no more than three paper-givers and a discussant * the title of the panel and of the three papers * the affiliation , postal address , telephone , fax , and email ( very important ) of all participants * a one-paragraph cv of the participants proposals for roundtables must include : * a chair and no more than four presentors * the title of the roundtable * the affiliation , postal address , telephone , fax , and email ( very important ) of all participants * a one-paragraph cv of the participants proposals for individual papers must include : * the title and a one - or two-paragraph abstract of the paper * the affiliation , postal address , telephone , fax , and email ( very important ) of the applicant * a one-paragraph cv of the applicant if audio-visual equipment is required , please indicate so . as before , applicants must abide by three golden rules : * no participant may be listed more than once on a given panel or roundtable * no participant may present more than one paper at the convention * no participant may appear more than twice in the convention program the proposals must be sent to dominique arel ( address below ) . email applications are accepted . deadline for proposals : 10 december 1998 dominique arel asn convention program chair watson institute brown university , box 1970 two stimson ave . providence , ri 02912 401 863 9296 tel 401 863 1270 fax darel @ brown . edu oded eran asn convention coordinator harriman institute columbia u . 1215 iab , columbia university 410 w . 118th st . new york , ny 10027 212 854 6239 tel 212 666 3481 fax asn @ columbia . edu = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
 "",0
 2097,""Subject: varieties of english
  
  second international conference on major varieties of english maven ii lincoln university campus , england september 9-11 , 1999 conference theme : the english language today : functions and representations plenary speakers : nicholas coupland ( university of wales , cardiff ) eric fudge ( university of reading ) salikoko mufwene ( university of chicago ) robert phillipson ( university of roskield ) the main aim of the conference is to profile the changing global presenceof english and the resulting effects on developments and changes in the language today . paper proposals are invited on all aspects of the use of major varieties of english today , in particular on the following themes : formal and functional developments and changes in english mediated uses of english international profile of english english and corporate culture english language in literature english and world communication competing target varieties fo learners text and corpus analysis etc . submission of paper proposals abstracts of paper proposals should be no more than 250 words in length , and should be double spaced . please submit three copies , one with name , affiliation and personal details ( address for correspondence , phone / fax numbers , e . mail address ) . please mention at the bottom what area or theme you believe your abstract covers ( e . g . pragmatics , media language , dialectology , political sociology etc . ) send abstracts to reach no later than dec . 30th 1998 to : p . b . nayar faculty of arts and technology lincoln university campus brayford pool lincoln , ls6 7ts united kingdom abstracts may also be submitted as an attachment to e . mail ( one copy with all information required ) to : pnayar @ ulh . ac . uk or atate @ humber . ac . uk or ljohnson @ lincoln . ac . uk papers should be targeted for a half-hour slot , of which at least 10 minutes will be reserved for post-presentation discussion . so the available time for actual paper presentation will be 20 minutes . notification of acceptance will be made by march 15 , 1998 lincoln university has an attractive , modern campus with excellent facilities , on a scenic location in the historic cathedral city of lincoln . lincoln is well connected by rail and road from london ( 120 miles ) manchester ( 90 miles ) and nottingham ( 40 miles ) . accommodation the registration package includes two nights in very modern , comfortable on-campus rooms with ensuite bath and self-catering facilities at very moderate prices . an additional night will cost 15 . there are also several hotels in the city within walking distance from the campus . the cost ranges from 50 to 80 per night . registration full conference package : registration + on campus accommodation for two nights + two breakfasts 150 registration only : 120 daily registration : 45 conference dinner on 10 / 9 / 99 25 ( optional ) all rates include lunch ( es ) and refreshments on the days of attendance . there will be a late surcharge on registrations received after june 1 , 1999 all presenters will receive detailed information package . for enquries and additional information , contact : the conference secretary - maven ii faculty of arts and technology lincoln university campus brayford pool lincoln , ln6 7ts u . k . tel : + 44 1522 886251 fax : + 44 1522 886021 e . mail : pnayar @ ulh . ac . uk atate @ humber . ac . uk ljohnson @ lincoln . ac . uk information and updates also available on our website at www . ulh . ac . uk / communications
 "",0
 2098,""Subject: multilingual ocr ( optical character recognition )
  
  * * * first call for participation * * * international workshop on performance evaluation issues in multilingual ocr ( optical character recognition ) sunday , september 19 , 1999 , bangalore , india ( just before icdar ' 99 - - int ' l conf . on document analysis and recognition ) workshop chairs tapas kanungo university of maryland , college park , md usa henry s . baird xerox parc , palo alto , ca usa organizing committee badr al-badr king abdulaziz city , saudi arabia torsten caesar siemens electrocom , germany bhabatosh chanda isi calcutta , india doug cooper southeast asian software research center , thailand andreas dengel dfki , germany steve dennis u . s . government , usa xiaoqing ding tsinghua university , p . r . china david doermann university of maryland , usa michel gilloux service de recherche technique de la poste , france robert m . haralick university of washington , usa tin kam ho bell laboratories , lucent technologies , usa donna harman national institute for standards & technology , usa jonathan hull ricoh crc , usa fumitaka kimura mie university , japan hsi - jian lee national chiao tung university , r . o . china seong - whan lee korea university , korea tomohiko morioka japan advanced institute for science & tech . , japan s . p . mudur national center for software technology , india yasuaki nakano shinshu university , japan kris popat xerox parc , usa philip resnik university of maryland , usa a . lawrence spitz document recognition technologies , usa rohini srihari cedar , suny buffalo , usa ching y . suen concordia university , montreal , canada yuan yan tang hong kong baptist university , china vadim tereschenko abbyy software house , russia jun tsukumo nec , kanagawa , japan toru wakahara ntt human interface laboratories , japan technical focus this workshop will explore evaluation methodologies for multilingual ocr systems . by ` multilingual ' we mean to include systems that are capable of reading more than one language in the same document , as well as one-language - per-document systems that can be easily retargeted to new languages . we hope to bring together researchers from many countries to discuss these and related questions : - - what methodologies should be used to evaluate multilingual ocr systems ? how do we compare accuracies across languages ? - - what ground-truthed data sets are now available in various languages ? what kind of datasets need to be collected ? how is this to be achieved ? which organizations might be willing to support such an the effort ? - - what multilingual ocr evaluation tools and error visualization tools are available or should be developed ? - - what ocr evaluation methods and metrics will be useful for ocr - based machine translation and cross-language information retrieval ? - - what are the most pressing open research problems , promising dissertation topics , etc ? workshop format this will be a one-day workshop for a maximum of 70 participants . each participant will submit an extended abstract which will be distributed at the workshop . all participants are expected to contribute to the discussions . at the outset of the workshop , three volunteers will present brief , informal summaries of the i ) methodologies , ii ) corpora , and iii ) tools mentioned in the submitted abstracts . then we will split up into three working groups , focused on these topics , and proceed to discuss key issues , attempt to resolve questions , compile lists of resources , and draw up recommendations . finally , in a plenary session , representatives of each group will present their recommendations and invite general discussion . there will be several opportunities for informal discussion and socializing . after the workshop , the organizing committee will compile a workshop summary , based on the working group notes , and make it available on the web . it is hoped that the workshop will stimulate cooperative follow-on activities that will accelerate the pace of research in multilingual document image analysis . extended abstract submission each potential participant or group of participants should submit an extended abstract , electronically via e - mail ( in plain ascii ) , no later than march 30 , 1999 to : tapas kanungo center for automation research university of maryland college park , md 20742 e - mail : mlocr @ cfar . umd . edu the abstract should include the name , address , telephone , fax , and email address of the author ( s ) . it should ordinarily be limited to six printed pages including references ( no figures , please ) . longer submissions may be admitted in special cases , e . g . for catalogues of resources . accepted abstracts will be distributed at the workshop and posted on the workshop website . workshop website http : / / www . cfar . umd . edu / ~ kanungo / workshop / mlocr . html
 "",0
 2099,""Subject: eacl ' 99 student cfp
  
  we are pleased to announce the first call for student papers for eacl ' 99 ( bergen , norway 8 - - 12 june 1999 ) . the call ( text version below ) can be found at http : / / www . ims . uni-stuttgart . de / eacl99 - student / the conference home page is at http : / / www . hit . uib . no / eacl99 / the student session programme committee jonas kuhn , student chair atro voutilainen , faculty co-chair - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * eacl ' 99 call for student papers * * * student sessions at the 9th conference of the european chapter of the association for computational linguistics eacl ' 99 june 8 - 12 , 1999 university of bergen bergen , norway http : / / www . ims . uni-stuttgart . de / eacl99 - student / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - purpose : the goal of these sessions is to provide a forum for student members to present work in progress and receive feedback from other members of the computational linguistics community . the sessions will consist of paper presentations by student authors . the accepted papers will be published in a special section of the conference proceedings . note that the existence of the student sessions does not influence the treatment of student-authored papers submitted to the main conference . rather , the aim of the student sessions is to provide a separate track emphasizing students ' work in progress rather than completed work . requirements : papers should describe original , unpublished work in progress that demonstrates insight , creativity , and promise . topics of interest are the same as for the main conference . papers submitted to the main conference cannot be considered for the student sessions . students may , of course , submit different papers to the main conference and the student session , or papers on different aspects of a particular problem or project . note that for papers presenting joint work , all co-authors have to be students . format for submission : the maximum allowable length is 3 pages ( about 1800 words ) , including references . papers should be headed by a title page containing the paper id code ( see below ) , title , a short ( 5 line ) summary , up to three general keywords specifying the subject area ( e . g . , """" french syntax , machine translation """" ) , the word count ( excluding figures and bibliography ) and a notice of multiple submission , if required . since reviewing will be ` blind ' , the title page of the paper should omit author names and addresses . furthermore , self-references that reveal the authors ' identity ( e . g . , """" we previously showed ( smith , 1991 ) . . . """" ) should be avoided . instead , use references of the form """" smith previously showed ( 1991 ) . . . """" care should be taken to avoid obvious giveaways in the bibliography such as listings for unpublished in-house technical reports . papers outside the specified length and / or without an id code are liable to rejection without review . to identify each paper , an id code must be acquired by filing an electronic paper registration form : http : / / www . ltg . ed . ac . uk / eacl99 / register . html on successful completion of this form an id code will be sent to the designated author by e-mail . media of submission : authors may submit their papers electronically or in hard copy . electronic submission is strongly preferred . electronic submissions should be either self-contained latex source , postscript or pdf ( we encourage latex submissions ) . postscript submissions must use a standard font . latex submissions should not refer to any other external files or styles except for the standard styles for tex 3 . 14 and latex 2 . 09 . the bibliography for a latex submission cannot be submitted as separate . bib file ; the actual bibliography entries must be inserted in the submitted latex source file . we strongly recommend the use of acl - standard latex : http : / / www . ltg . ed . ac . uk / eacl99 / style / eaclsub . sty ( plus bibstyle acl . bst ) or word style files ( msword _ template . rtf ) for the preparation of submissions . these styles include a place for the required information such as id code and word count , and allow for a graceful transition to the style required for publication . if you cannot use the acl - standard styles directly , a description of the required format is at http : / / www . ltg . ed . ac . uk / eacl99 / style / substyle . html . if you cannot access this web page , send email to eacl99 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk with subject substyle for an automatic reply . electronic submissions should be sent to eacl99 - student @ ims . uni-stuttgart . de hard copy submissions should consist of four ( 4 ) paper copies of each paper ( printed on both sides of the page if possible ) should be submitted to the following address : eacl ' 99 student session c / o jonas kuhn ims , univ . stuttgart azenbergstr . 12 70174 stuttgart germany enquiries to the student session committee by email at eacl99 - student @ ims . uni-stuttgart . de . schedule : submissions must be received by 18 january 1999 . late submissions ( those arriving on or after 19 january 1999 ) will not be considered . acknowledgements will be emailed soon after receipt . notification of acceptance will be sent to authors ( by email ) by 10 march 1999 . camera - ready copies of final papers prepared in a double-column format , preferably using a laser printer , must be received at the main programme committee in edinburgh by 19 april 1999 , along with a signed copyright release statement . detailed formatting guidelines will be provided to authors with their acceptance notice . the student paper sessions will take place during the main conference on 9-11 june 1999 . venue and local organisation : the conference will be held in bergen , norway from 8 through 12 june , 1999 . see the conference home page http : / / www . hit . uib . no / eacl99 / for local arrangements information . the local arrangements committee is chaired by koenraad de smedt . the local arrangements committee can be reached at : humanities information technologies university of bergen alligaten 27 5007 bergen norway phone : + 47 5558-8008 fax : + 47 5558-9470 email : eacl99 @ uib . no student session committee : the student session committee is co-chaired by atro voutilainen ( university of helsinki ) and jonas kuhn ( university of stuttgart ) . atro voutilainen jonas kuhn department of general linguistics ims , univ . stuttgart p . o . box 4 azenbergstr . 12 fin-00014 university of helsinki 70174 stuttgart finland germany phone : + 358 9 191 23 507 ( office ) phone : + 49-711 - 121-1354 fax : + 358 9 191 23 598 fax : + 49-711 - 121-1366 email : atro . voutilainen @ helsinki . fi jonas @ ims . uni-stuttgart . de timetable : 1999 18 jan submitted student papers due in stuttgart 10 mar decisions on programme sent to authors 19 apr final versions of papers due in edinburgh 9-11 jun student sessions at conference in bergen
 "",0
 2100,""Subject: conceptual structures
  
  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - first call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - seventh international conference on conceptual structures iccs ' 99 http : / / www . ee . vt . edu / ~ iccs99 / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - july 12-15 , 1999 virginia tech blacksburg , virginia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - theme : knowledge science and engineering with conceptual structures since 1993 , iccs has been the annual conference and principal forum for theorists and practitioners in conceptual structures . we invite all researchers and users of conceptual structures , knowledge representations , ontologists , formal logics and related disciplines to participate in iccs ' 99 . previous conferences on conceptual structures have spanned theory , application and the demonstration of software tools . iccs ' 99 looks to extend this foundation with knowledge engineering using conceptual structures . conceptual structures , based in the conceptual graphs introduced by john sowa , are rooted in semantic networks and the existential graphs of c . s . peirce . conceptual structures have been widely used in several domains , such as natural language processing , knowledge based systems , knowledge engineering and database design , among others . researchers have developed a sizable software base and continue to build upon it . our particular desire for iccs ' 99 is to encourage presentation of software tools and interesting applications of conceptual structures . the iccs proceedings are published in the springer verlag lecture notes in artificial intelligence series . references of previous iccs are # 699 ( quebec city , 1993 ) , # 835 ( washington d . c . , 1994 ) , # 954 ( santa cruz , 1995 ) , # 1115 ( sydney , 1996 ) , # 1257 ( seattle , 1997 ) , and # ( montpelier , 1998 ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - important dates presentation page submission deadline december 23 , 1998 paper submission deadline january 1st , 1999 paper notification of acceptance march 10 , 1999 camera ready papers due april 10 , 1999 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - topics of interest papers are invited on all topics concerning conceptual graphs and other graphical knowledge representation languages , including , but not limited to : case studies and applications software tools and systems theory of conceptual structures conceptual structures and formal logic epistemology and history of conceptual structures knowledge representation relationships with other knowledge representation formalisms algorithms and complexity reasoning and learning with conceptual structures storage and retrieval of conceptual structures natural language processing knowledge acquisition knowledge engineering and modeling ontologies and formal concept analysis cognitive psychology using conceptual structures - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - submission guidelines three categories of papers are defined : 1 ) theory and analysis , 2 ) applications ( use of conceptual structures in significant applications ) and 3 ) tools ( tools for conceptual structures ) . in each category , three types of papers are considered : a ) major reports ( long papers ) - - substantial papers with new results , b ) research notes ( short papers ) - - work-in - progress or very specific results , and c ) position papers ( letters ) . major reports in application and tool categories should be based on running implementations . demonstrations of running implementations during the conference will be encouraged . research notes may be based on partial implementations or designs . position papers allows individuals to report on current activities and conjectures within the area defined by the call for papers without the need for presenting results . all submitted papers must be in english . major reports are limited to 14 standard size pages in length , single spaced , including title , author names and affiliations , abstract , figures and references . research notes are limited to 7 pages with the same constraints . position papers are limited to 1 page . authors have to specify the category ( s ) and the type of their submitted paper . according to the referee reports , changes of category or type may be required . all accepted papers are published in the same proceedings . registration of one of the authors will be required with the final version of an accepted paper . submitted papers must be received on or before january 1st , 1999 . a separate presentation page is requested earlier ( december 23 , 1998 ) . the presentation page should contain the following information : the title , category ( theory and analysis , applications , or tools ) and type ( major report or research notes or position paper ) of the paper , the names , affiliation and e-mail addresses of all authors , the postal address of one author chosen as the corresponding author , one or two keywords chosen in the topics of interest list , possibly additional phrases describing the content if the available keywords do not fit well , and an abstract . a form for the presentation page will be provided on iccs ' 99 web site in due time . authors may also send the presentation page in plain text format through electronic mail , to iccs99 @ monmouth . edu . papers are submitted electronically , using postscript format . please make sure that your paper is entirely printable from the postscript file . if you encounter any problem , please contact the program chair ( btepfenh @ moncol . monmouth . edu ) . special sessions in addition to the main conference , there will be a special session on the sisyphus / conceptual graphs initiative i . papers are to be submitted separately . questions concerning this special track are to be referred to prof . guy mineau at mineau @ ift . ulaval . ca or dr . dickson luckose at lukose @ brightware . com . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - organizing committee general chair walling cyre virginia tech , blacksburg , virginia , usa cyre @ vt . edu program chair william m . tepfenhart at&t laboratories , new jersey , usa monmouth university , new jersey , usa btepfenh @ moncol . monmouth . edu ( 732 ) 571-3480 honorary chair john f . sowa suny at binghamton , usa sowa @ west . poly . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",0
 2101,""Subject: """" signs , music , society """" ( vienna , 1999 / 03 / 12-14 )
  
  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - c a l l f o r p a p e r s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - """" signs , music , society - a transdisciplinary colloquium """" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - march 12-14 , 1999 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - organized by the institute for socio - semiotic studies isss , vienna in co-operation with mediacult , vienna - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > keywords / fields involved semiotics of music , musical signification , music / communication , music in / and society ; semiotics , musicology , literary studies , media studies , theatre studies , cultural studies . . . - > invitation - abstracts : please send your suggestions until december 15 , 1998 , in the form of an abstract of 10 to max . 15 lines , indicating author 's name , title of the lecture , all relevant addresses ( office , home ) and technical coordinates ( fax , phone , e-mail , etc . ) . the lectures should not exceed 30 minutes + 15 minutes discussion . please direct your letter , fax or e-mail message to the isss . we will reply within 14 days . congress languages : english , german . - > institut fur sozio - semiotische studien isss jeff bernard waltergasse 5 / 1 / 12 , 1040 wien phone + fax : + 43 - 1-5045344 e-mail : < gloria . withalm @ uni-ak . ac . at > - > introductory remarks : the * colloquium * - announcing by this term that intensive discussion should be a major feature of the meeting - intends to convene scholars from semiotics , in general , and musical semiotics , in particular , and from many disciplines ( such as musicology , sociology , psychology , ethnology , philosophy , communication studies , media studies , cultural studies literary studies , comparative studies , and other related fields ) . our goal is to investigate theoretical and especially practical problems of musical signification in all types of music . the platform to enable inter - and transdisciplinary exchange and discussion shall be provided by semiotics , i . e . the theory of signs , while the aim to describe and to examine the social relevance of musical production , distribution , and consumption , as indicated by the formula """" signs , music , society """" , asks for focussing on fields like pragmatics , socio-semiotics , musical communication , context dependence , and the like . by this , it shall also be tried to transcend the somewhat isolated position of musicology , musical aesthetics , and musical theory within the humanities , i . e . , by showing that even the problems of the study of musical structures , musical forms and technical systems , musical signification and musical aesthetics are indispensably linked with socio-practical features and conditions : the meaning of music cannot be fully examined and understood without taking account of its syntacto-semantic as well as pragmatic dimensions . in such view , one cannot neglect either , that musical meaning is very often unfolded in composite signs systems ( word and music , dance , film , musical theatre , and other forms of art , as well as feasts , liturgies , rituals , etc . ) , and in different media ( discs , tapes , broadcasts , av - media , and now even """" new """" electronic media ) . the latter point stresses the problem of musical reproduction detached from its original performance in space and time , and how this influences , or changes , musical meaning . it stresses , moreover , the problems of disposal and ( cultural as well as economical ) hegemony . when the """" sociality """" of music and musical signification becomes of central interest , there also appears the question of their """" historicity """" , not so much in terms of traditional history of music , but as an indicator of ( particularly present-time ) cultural , social , sociological , medial , technological , etc . change , or , in other words : the diachronic viewpoint - hitherto not a main focus of musical semiotics - is as important , and in many respects even more important , for the study of musical meaning as the synchronic one . the examination of """" codes """" needs to be complemented by a thorough investigation of code changes including all presuppositions and consequences . in this framework , we want to invite scholars from all over the world to join us for discussing questions of musical semiosis , texts , representation , functions , impact , communication , experience and related topics from the viewpoint of their """" sociality """" as well as """" historicity """" . has there ever been a """" day the music died """" , as a famous lyric once claimed ? - > special information : one section with the particular topic """" what is ' austrian ' music ? """" will be organized by our partner , mediacult - international research institute for media , communication , and cultural development . - > publication : the results of the colloquium will be published either as a special issue of one of our journals ( _ s - european journal for semiotic studies _ or _ semiotische berichte _ ) or ( depending on the final size ) as a book in our series """" s - addenda . semiotic studies """" . expecting to welcome you heartily in vienna jeff bernard ( director isss ; secr . gen . iass ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - jeff bernard ( iass-ais secretary general ) institute for socio - semiotic studies isss waltergasse 5 / 1 / 12 , a-1040 vienna , austria phone + fax + 43 - 1-5045344 e - mail : gloria . withalm @ uni-ak . ac . at 7th iass-ais congress 1999 / 10 / 6-11 technical university dresden """" http : / / www . tu-dresden . de / sulifg / semiotics """" = call for papers iass-ais homepage http : / / vhf . msh-paris . fr / escom / ais / aisindex . html - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",0
 2102,""Subject: pkdd ' 98
  
  pkdd ' 98 - - 2nd european symposium on principles of data mining and knowledge discovery nantes , france september 23-26 , 1998 http : / / www . sciences . univ-nantes . fr / pkdd98 data mining and knowledge discovery in databases ( kdd ) have emerged from acombination of many research areas : databases , statistics , machinelearning , automated scientific discovery , inductive logic programming , artificial intelligence , visualization , decision science , and high performance computing . while each of these areas can contribute in specific ways , kdd focuses on the value that is added by creative combination of the contributing areas . the goal of pkdd ' 98 is to provide a european - based forum for interaction among all theoreticians and practitioners interested in data mining . interdisciplinary collaboration is one desired outcome , but the main long-term focus is on theoretical principles for the emerging discipline of kdd , especially on kdd - specific principles that go beyond each contributing area . both theoretical and applied submissions are sought . reviewers will assess the contribution towards the principles of kdd , in addition to the usual requirements of relevance , novelty , clarity and significance . applied papers should go beyond an individual application , presenting an explicit method that promises a degree of generality within one or more stages of the discovery process , such as preprocessing , mining , visualization , use of prior knowledge , knowledge refinement , and evaluation . theoretical papers should demonstrate how the proposed theoretical contribution advances the discovery process . the following non-exclusive list exemplifies topics of interest : data and knowledge representation for data mining * beyond relational databases : new forms of data organization * data reduction * prior domain knowledge and use of discovered knowledge * combining query systems with discovery capabilities statistics and probability in data mining * discovery of probabilistic networks * modelling knowledge uncertainty * discovery of exceptions and deviations * statistical significance in large-scale search * the problems of over-fit logic - based perspective on data mining * inference of knowledge from data * exploring different subspaces of first order logic * rough sets in data mining * boolean approaches to data mining * inductive logic programming for mining real databases * pattern - recognition for data mining * the use of tolerance ( similarity ) relations in data mining * kdd - motivated discretization of data * discovery of approximate schemes of reasoning from data man - machine interaction in data mining * visualization of data * visualization of knowledge * interface design * interactive data mining : human and computer contributions artificial intelligence contributions to kdd * representing knowledge and hypotheses spaces * search for knowledge and its complexities * combining many methods in one system * data mining in distributed / multiagent systems high performance computing for data mining * hardware support for kdd * parallel discovery algorithms and complexity * distributed data mining * scalability in high dimensional datasets * from concept learning to concept discovery * expanding the autonomy of machine learners * embedding learning methods in kdd systems * conceptual clustering in knowledge discovery * applications of scientific discovery systems to databases * scientific hypothesis evaluation that transfers to kdd * hypothesis spaces of scientific discovery applied in kdd * differences between the data handled in both fields * kdd applications on scientific databases * decomposition of large data tables quality assessment of data mining results * multi - criteria knowledge evaluation * benchmarks and metrics for system evaluation * statistical tests in kdd applications * usefulness and risk assessment in decision-making applications of data mining and knowledge discovery * medicine : diagnosis and prognosis * control theory : predictive and adaptive control , model identification * engineering : diagnosis of mechanisms and processes * public administration * marketing and finance * data mining on the web in text and heterogeneous data * natural and social science * prediction and intervention use of knowledge * fraud detection interaction between symbolic kdd methods and neural nets * interpretation of knowledge accumulated in a trained nn * hybrid nn / symbolic kdd systems * nn architectures for higher transparency and interpretability submitted papers should be in english and not exceed 10 single-spaced pages of 12pt font ( excluding title page but including tables , figures and bibliography ) . submissions exceeding this limit will not be reviewed . a separate title page should begin with title , authors , affiliations , surface and e-mail addresses , and an abstract of about 200 words . submitted papers should preferably be formatted according to the lnai guidelines . latex and word style files are available at http : / / www . sciences . univ-nantes . fr / pkdd98 / styles . the following items must be submitted by may 15th , 1998 : an electronic version of the paper ( uuencoded and compressed postscript ) , and an electronic version of the titlepage in plain ascii format . four hard copies of the paper by regular mail are also accepted if electronic submission is not possible . all items should be sent to the following addresses : * regular mail : mohamed quafafou - pkdd ' 98 conference ( see full address below ) * electronic mail : pkdd98 @ irin . univ-nantes . fr all accepted for regular and poster presentations will be published by springer verlag as part of the ` ` lecture notes in artificial intelligence ' ' ( lnai ) series . important dates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - submission deadline : may 15th , 1998 notice of acceptance : june 15th , 1998 camera ready papers : july 5th , 1998 panel discussions : proposals are sought for panels that stimulate interaction between the communities contributing to kdd . include title , the main goals , prospective participants and a summary of the topics to be discussed . submission to zytkow @ uncc . edu by may 15th , 1998 . notification of acceptance by june 15th , 1998 . tutorials : proposals are solicited for tutorials that : ( 1 ) transfer know-how and provide hands-on experience , ( 2 ) combine two or more areas ( e . g . rough sets and statistics , high-performance computing and databases , etc ) , or ( 3 ) cover application domains such as finance , medicine , or automatic control . submission to zytkow @ uncc . edu by may 15th , 1998 . notification of acceptance by june , 15th , 1998 . demonstrations of software for data mining and knowledge discovery are invited , including both commercial and experimental systems . send descriptions to quafafou @ irin . univ-nantes . fr by july 15th , 1998 . program co-chairs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - jan zytkow , mohamed quafafou , dept . of computer science irin , 2 rue la houssiniere unc charlotte bp 92208 - 44322 charlotte , nc 28223 nantes cedex 03 usa france zytkow @ uncc . edu quafafou @ irin . univ-nantes . fr program committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - pieter adriaans ( syllogic , netherlands ) pawel bradzil ( u . porto , portugal ) henri briand ( irin u . nantes , france ) leo carbonara ( british telecom . , uk ) a . fazel famili ( iit-nrc , canada ) ronen feldman ( bar ilan , u . israel ) patrick gallinari ( u . paris 6 , france ) jean - gabriel ganascia ( u . paris 6 , france ) attilio giordana ( u . torino , italy ) david hand ( open u . , uk ) bob henery ( u . strathclyde , uk ) mikhail kiselev ( megaputer intelligence , russia ) willi kloesgen ( gmd , germany ) yves kodratoff ( u . paris 11 , france ) jan komorowski ( norwegian u . sci . & tech . ) nada lavrac ( josef stefan inst . , slovenia ) heikki mannila ( u . helsinki , finland ) steve muggleton ( oxford u . , uk ) zdzislaw pawlak ( warsaw technical u . , poland ) gregory piatetsky - shapiro ( knowledge stream , boston , usa ) lech polkowski ( u . warsaw , poland ) mohamed quafafou ( irin u . nantes , france ) zbigniew ras ( unc charlotte , usa ) lorenza saitta ( u . torino , italy ) wei - min shen ( u . so . california , usa ) arno siebes ( cwi , netherlands ) andrzej skowron ( u . warsaw , poland ) derek sleeman ( u . aberdeen , uk ) nicolas spyratos ( u . paris 11 , france ) shusaku tsumoto ( tokyo medical & dental u . , japan ) raul valdes - perez ( cmu , usa ) thierry van de merckt ( belgium ) rudiger wirth ( daimler - benz , germany ) stefan wrobel ( gmd , germany ) ning zhong ( yamaguchi u . , japan ) wojtek ziarko ( u . regina , canada ) djamel a . zighed ( u . lyon 2 , france ) jan zytkow ( unc charlotte , usa ) + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + | mohamed quafafou | | irin , 2 rue la houssiniere tel : ( + 33 ) 240 37 49 75 < < < < < < new < < < | | bp 92208 - 44322 fax : ( + 33 ) 240 37 49 70 | | nantes cedex 03 mail : quafafou @ irin . univ-nantes . fr | | france . | + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ +
 "",0
 2103,""Subject: comparative slavic morphosyntax
  
  call for papers indiana university invites you to submit abstracts to a workshop ( funded by the u . s . department of education ) on comparative slavic morphosyntax the workshop will be held at canyon inn , in mccormick 's creek state park , spencer , indiana ( near bloomington ) on friday - sunday 5 - 7 june 1998 . papers are solicited in response to five invited """" position papers """" : leonard babby : """" voice and diathesis in slavic """" zeljko boskovic : """" wh - phrases and wh-movement in slavic """" greville corbett : """" agreement in slavic """" steven franks : """" clitics in slavic """" gilbert rappaport : """" noun phrases in slavic """" these position papers are intended to summarize the variation in data across the slavic languages , define the """" state of the art """" in existing analysis for each area , communicate innovations and on-going research , and identify an agenda for future investigation . as such , they are meant to serve as springboards for discussion , rebuttal , response , and debate . this call for papers solicits responses in two categories : 10 minute presentations ( + 5 minute discussion ) or 20 minutes ( + 10 minute discussion ) . you may respond to one or several position papers , but must submit an advance abstract for each response ; there is no set limit on the number of responses which may be accepted from any one individual . the position papers can be downloaded via the internet in platform-independent pdf , ps , and html formats ( the html versions will be posted last ) from : < http : / / www . indiana . edu / ~ slavconf / linguistics / index . html > if you cannot download or use electronic versions of the position papers , you may request a printed copy of any of the papers from the address below . however , however , in view of our limited budget and staff resources , we urge you to utilize the electronic versions if possible . proposals for reponses may be submitted to the address below . abstracts should be no more than one page , including examples and references . include your name and affiliation directly on the abstract , and please attach a card with your name , address , e-mail , phone , title , and position paper to which you are responding . please send 4 copies of each abstract , and indicate the length category for your response . we will also accept submissions via email to < slavconf @ indiana . edu > or fax ( to 1-812 - 855-2107 ) . paper submission is preferable , however , as these abstracts will be used as camera-ready copy in making the abstract book for the workshop . deadline for receipt of abstracts : 24 april 1998 . registration for the conference will be free of charge for all participants , but we regret that our budget does not permit us to underwrite travel or local expenses . information about travel and accommodations will be provided later via announcements and our www page . a volume of proceedings will be published by slavica publishers . all requests for information , inquiries about position papers , and abstracts should be sent to : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * george fowler [ email ] gfowler @ indiana . edu dept . of slavic languages [ dept . tel . ] 1-812 - 855-9906 / - 2608 / - 2624 ballantine 502 [ dept . fax ] 1-812 - 855-2107 indiana university [ home phone / fax ] 1-317 - 726-1482 / - 1642 bloomington , in 47405-6616 usa [ slavica phone / fax ] 1-812 - 856-4186 / - 4187 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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 2104,""Subject: final call : penn ling . colloquium
  
  * * call for papers * * the penn linguistics club announces the twenty - third annual penn linguistics colloquium saturday 27 february and sunday 28 february 1999 invited speaker : angelika kratzer , university of massachusetts we welcome papers on any topic in linguistics and related fields . this year 's colloquium will feature a special session on applications of constraint based approaches in any of the subfields of linguistics , including but not limited to phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics-pragmatics , computational linguistics , sociolinguistics , historical linguistics , and language acquisition . speakers will have twenty minutes for their presentation and five minutes for discussion and questions . prospective speakers should submit three copies of their abstract no later than tuesday 1 december 1998 to : the penn linguistics colloquium committee department of linguistics 619 williams hall university of pennsylvania philadelphia pa 19104-6305 abstracts should be no longer than 2 pages in a 12 - point font with 1 - inch margins and should be accompanied by an index card including your name , affiliation ( department and institution ) , address , e-mail address and the subfield of linguistics ( or related discipline ) that you find most appropriate to your topic . in particular , please indicate whether you would like your paper to be considered for inclusion in the special session . no more than one single and one joint abstract per author may be submitted . submissions by e-mail in ascii or latex to plc23 @ babel . ling . upenn . edu are welcome . proceedings of the conference will be published as a volume of the penn working papers in linguistics . authors who present papers agree to submit a camera-ready copy of their paper by may 31 , 1999 . if you have further questions , please contact us at the above address or via e-mail at plc23 @ babel . ling . upenn . edu . the colloquium web page can be found at http : / / www . ling . upenn . edu / ~ nrh / plc23 . html sincerely , the colloquium committee
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 2105,""Subject: logic , language , and information / students
  
  the esslli ' 99 student session august 9-20 , 1999 , utrecht , the netherlands deadline : march 15th , 1999 http : / / www-ensais . u-strasbg . fr / todirascu / esslli-fr . html we are pleased to announce the student session of the 11th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli ' 99 ) organized by the university of utrecht under the auspices of the european association for language , logic and information ( folli ) and located at the university of utrecht in august 1999 . we will welcome submission of papers for presentation at the esslli ' 99 student session and appearance in the proceedings . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = purpose : this is going to be the fourth esslli student session and it will provide , like the other editions , an opportunity for esslli participants who are students to present their own work in progress and get feedback from their colleagues and fellow-students . it is desired that papers presenting creative and innovative ideas will be submitted . the esslli ' 99 student session encourages submissions from students at any level , from undergraduates - before completion of the master thesis as well as postgraduates - before completion of the phd degree . we will not accept papers co-authored by non-students . as in the previous editions , the esslli ' 99 student session will consist of paper presentations . the esslli ' 99 student session has its own timeslot in the school 's schedule : 60 minutes every day for two weeks , provided that a sufficient number of good quality papers is accepted . each presentation will last 30 minutes ( including 10 minutes of discussion ) . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = requirements : the student session papers should describe original , unpublished work , completed or in progress that demonstrates insight , creativity , and promise . no previously published papers should be submitted . papers will cover topics within the six esslli subject areas ( logic , linguistics , computation , logic&linguistics , logic&computation , linguistics&computation ) . the accepted papers will be published in the esslli ' 99 student session proceedings , which will be made available during esslli ' 99 , together with the readers of the courses . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = format of submission : student authors should submit an anonymous extended abstract headed by the paper title , not to exceed 5 pages of length exclusive of references and a separate identification page ( see below ) . note that the length of the full papers will not be allowed to exceed 10 pages . since reviewing will be blind , the body of the abstract should omit author names and addresses . furthermore , self-references that reveal the author 's identity ( e . g . , """" we previously showed ( smith , 1991 ) . . . """" ) should be avoided . it is possible to use instead references like """" smith ( 1991 ) previously showed . . . """" . to identify each paper , a separate identification page should be supplied containing the paper 's title , the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , the author ( s ) s ' affiliation and complete address ( s ) a short ( 5 lines ) summary and a specification of the subject area to which the paper belongs . the subject areas considered are : logic , linguistics , computation , logic&linguistics , logic&computation , and linguistics & computation . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = media of submission and formatting requirements : the student authors should submit their papers electronically to : amalia @ liia . u-strasbg . fr amalia @ thor . infoiasi . ro for any submission a plain ascii text version of the identification page should be sent separately by email , using the following format : title : < title > author : < name of the first author > address : < affiliation and address of first author > . . . author : < name of the last author > address : < affiliation and address of last author > short summary ( 5 lines ) : < summary > subject area ( one of ) : logic | linguistics | computation | logic and linguistics | logic and computation | linguistics and computation please always submit the identification page in a separate message . the submission should be in one of the following formats : - self - contained latex source ( the most encouraged ) - postscript - ascii text you can find more information about submission requirements at : http : / / www-ensais . u-strasbg . fr / liia / todirascu / esslli-fr . html = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = esslli ' 99 student session information : in order to present a paper at esslli ' 99 student session , every student author has to register as a participant at esslli ' 99 . however , authors of accepted papers will be eligible for a reduced registration fee . for all information concerning esslli ' 99 please consult the esslli ' 99 web site : http : / / esslli . let . uu . nl = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = important dates : deadline for submission : march 15 , 1999 notifications : may 16 , 1999 final version due : june 15 , 1999 esslli ' 99 student session : august 9-20 , 1999 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = programme committee for the esslli ' 99 student session : chairwoman : amalia todirascu ( university """" al . i . cuza """" of iasi and ensais strasbourg ) area co-chairs : - language and computation : richard moot ( university of utrecht ) - computation : dirk nowotka ( turku center for computer science ) - logic : quintijn puite ( university of utrecht ) - language : esther kraak ( university of utrecht ) - logic and computation : catherine piliere ( uhp-loria , nancy ) - logic and language : fabien reniers ( university of utrecht ) if you have specific questions about the student session please do not hesitate to contact the chair . amalia @ liia . u-strasbg . fr amalia @ thor . infoiasi . ro computer science department university """" al . i . cuza """" of iasi 16 , berthelot str . iasi 6600 romania and ( until 17th december 1998 ) laboratoire d ' informatique et d ' intelligence artificielle ecole nationale suprieure des arts et d ' industrie strasbourg 24 , bd . de la victoire 67084 strasbourg cedex france
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 2106,""Subject: generative approaches to language acquisition
  
  - * - * - * - * - * - * - call for papers - * - * - * - * - * - * - gala ' 99 generative approaches to language acquisition 1999 university of potsdam , germany september 10-12 , 1999 invited speakers : - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - stephen crain ( university of maryland ) roberta golinkoff ( university of delaware ) celia jakubowicz ( laboratoire de psychologie experimentale paris ) juergen meisel ( university of hamburg ) thomas roeper ( university of massachusetts , amherst ) virginia valian ( hunter college ) abstract submission : - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - abstracts are invited for papers or posters on all topics in the field of language acquisition including : bilingualism input & interaction language disorders morphology neurolinguistics phonology semantics syntax speech perception & production paper presentations will be 30 minutes long ( including questions ) . you can submit an abstract by e-mail or by regular mail . abstracts for papers or posters should be no longer than 1 page . please indicate on the abstract , whether it is a paper presentation or a poster . abstract submission by e-mail : - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - please use plain text if possible , and use the subject name : """" abstract """" . the e-mail should be addressed to : gala99 @ ling . uni-potsdam . de at the top of the abstract , please include the names and affiliations of all the authors , and the e-mail of the author who will handle correspondence . please leave several blank lines between this information and the abstract proper ( title and text ) , to facilitate anonymous review . abstract submission by regular mail : - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - send 3 copies of a one page abstract to the postal address below . omit name and affiliation . please include an extra copy of the abstract with the following information : - title of the paper / poster - name ( s ) of the author ( s ) - address and affiliation - e-mail address submissions by regular mail should be sent to : gala ' 99 linguistics department university of potsdam postfach 14415 d-14415 potsdam germany deadline for submissions : march 1 , 1999 - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - for additional information please see : http : / / www . ling . uni-potsdam . de / gala99
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 2107,""Subject: 2nd annual computational linguistics research colloquium
  
  call for papers 2nd annual cluk research colloquium ( cluk = computational linguistics u . k . ) january 11th - 12th 1999 university of essex the cluk colloquia aim to offer phd students in natural language processing and related disciplines an opportunity to present and discuss their work with members of the wider research community . the colloquia are organised as mini-conferences . candidates submit an abstract , which is refereed by the cluk programme committee . presentations are held in conference style sessions , to which senior established researchers are invited . the 2nd annual cluk research colloquium will be held at the university of essex , on monday 11th and tuesday 12th of january 1999 . this year , we are pleased to announce two invited speakers to the event : professor johanna moore ( university of edinburgh ) dr rens bod ( university of leeds ) details can be found on < http : / / cswww . essex . ac . uk / staff / udo / cluk . the pages will be updated on an ongoing basis . for more information about the university of essex , the campus and how to get there , see < http : / / www . essex . ac . uk / about / main . html - call for papers : dates and format authors are requested to submit a 500 word abstract of their presentation ( including name , address , email address and title ) to : anne de roeck department of computer science university of essex . wivenhoe park colchester co4 3sq email : deroe @ essex . ac . uk submissions as emailed ascii text are preferred , but hardcopy format will be accepted . submission deadline : november 23rd notification of acceptance : december 14th abstracts will be refereed by the programme committee : anne de roeck , university of essex ( chair ) adam kilgarriff , university of brighton diana maynard , manchester metropolitan university mark moens , university of edinburgh nicholas ostler , linguacubun ltd . john tait , university of sunderland carole tiberius , university of brighton yorick wilks , university of sheffield the cluk committee will actively pursue a means of publishing selected full papers in a journal or monograph series . - local arrangements and cost the meeting will start at 11 am on january 11th , and will finish after lunch on january 12th . it is organised by the organising committee ( email : cluk2 @ essex . ac . uk ) : anne de roeck udo kruschwitz nick webb rachele winn - secretarial cost of participation is l55 and includes tea / coffee , lunches and dinner with wine . accommodation will be in local hotels . we are compiling a list of low cost accommodation in wivenhoe and colchester , which will appear on our website shortly . participants are expected to book their own accommodation , though we will provide information and assist where we can . problems should be addressed to cluk2 @ essex . ac . uk . an on-line registration page will be added to our website shortly .
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 2108,""Subject: linguistic theory in eastern european languages ( clite1 )
  
  announcing clite 1 the first conference on linguistic theory in eastern european languages to be organized by the phd program in theoretical linguistics of the university of szeged , hungary , 19-21 april , 1998 , immediately following the annual glow meeting at tilburg . keynote speakers are : michael brody ( ucl and hungarian academy of sciences ) """" mirror theory and the hungarian verbal complex """" maria - luisa rivero ( university of ottawa ) , """" stylistic verb movement in slavic and the balkan area """" olga miseska tomic ( university of novi sad ) title tba ( topic : south slavic languages ) the official language of the conference is english . one - page abstracts are expected to be sent by february 28 to the following e-mail address : szecsenyi @ hung . u-szeged . hu or by ordinary mail to : """" clite 1 """" , jate alt . nyelv . tsz . egyetem u . 2 . , szeged , h-6722 hungary fax : 36-62 - 321843 http : / / www . arts . u-szeged . hu / dep / genlinguistic / clite / clite1 . html registration fee is us $ 40 . 00 , which includes a reception , midday meals and refreshments . a limited number of grants covering registration , accommodation and meals are available particularly to students and linguists from eastern europe . grants should be applied for as soon as possible but february 28 the latest . reasonable priced accommodation is offered at local hotels , but inexpensive lodging especially for low-budget participants is also available . szeged is a city of 170 , 000 in southern hungary , and a two-hour train-ride away from the capital , budapest . the conference venue is the centrally located 180 - year old academy building . on behalf of the organizing committee , istvan kenesei
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 2109,""Subject: lexical semantics workshop - - esslli ' 99
  
  esslli-99 workshop on lexical semantics and linking in constraint-based theories august 16-20 , 1999 a workshop held as part of the 11th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli-99 ) august 9 - 20 , 1999 , utrecht , the netherlands * * first call for papers * * organiser : valia kordoni ( university of tuebingen ) background : in recent years , there has been an increasing interest among syntacticians in the interface between syntax and word meaning . in constraint-based theories like lfg and hpsg , this interest has led to the development of the lexical mapping theory ( lmt ) and the hierarchical lexicon models , respectively . having as a common starting point their recognition for the importance of word classes for the interface between syntax and lexical semantics , lmt and the hierarchical lexicon models vary both ontologically , and in the range of linguistic phenomena they attempt to explain , some of which include , but in no way are they limited to , the following : - split intransitivity phenomena ( unaccusative vs . unergative verbs ) - variation among verbs of emotion and location - subcategorization alternations and the linking of indirect arguments - morpholexical processes , including causative verbs - complex predicates - symmetric predicates the aim of the workshop is to provide a forum for researchers and advanced ph . d . students to present and discuss approaches on empirical and formal issues related to the syntax - lexical semantics interface in the frameworks of lfg and hpsg . the workshop intends to continue the series of courses and workshops on lexical semantics and on the interactions between morphology , syntax and semantics held at previous summer schools . it is also dedicated to support inter-framework discussions , since it is focussing on the lexical semantics and linking components of both lfg and hpsg . workshop format : the workshop will consist of five sessions with two 30 + 10 - minute presentations in each session . submissions : all researchers in the area , but especially ph . d . students and young researchers , are encouraged to submit a two-page abstract either as hardcopy or electronically ( postscript only ) . submissions should be sent until february 15 , 1999 . notification of acceptance will be given to contributors around april 15 , 1999 . contributors of accepted papers will be asked to provide an extended abstract ( 10 pages ) in latex format to be included in a summer school reader . the deadline for the submission of the extended abstracts is may 31 , 1999 . submissions should be sent to the following address : valia kordoni universitaet tuebingen seminar fuer sprachwissenschaft kleine wilhelmstr . 113 d-72074 tuebingen germany korder @ sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de registration : workshop contributors will be required to register for esslli-99 , but they will be eligible for a reduced registration fee . important dates : feb 15 , 99 : deadline for submissions apr 15 , 99 : notification of acceptance may 31 , 99 : deadline for final copy aug 16 , 99 : start of workshop further information : the workshop will take place in association with the 11th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli ) to be held in utrecht , the netherlands ( 9-20 august 1999 ) . the main focus of the european summer schools in logic , language and information is the interface between linguistics , logic , and computation . the esslli summer school is organized under the auspices of the european association for logic , language and information ( folli ) . foundational , introductory and advanced courses together with workshops cover a wide variety of topics within six areas of interest : logic , computation , language , logic and computation , computation and language , language and logic . previous summer schools have been highly successful , attracting around 500 students from europe and elsewhere . the school has developed into an important meeting place and forum for discussion for students and researchers interested in the interdisciplinary study of logic , language and information . to obtain further information about esslli-99 please visit the esslli-99 home page at http : / / esslli . let . uu . nl /
 "",0
 2110,""Subject: collective agent based systems
  
  call for papers esslli - workshop on foundations and applications of collective agent based systems ( cabs ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = workshop held in the section ' computation ' as part of the ' eleventh european summer school in logic , language and information ' esslli-99 august 16-20 , 1999 , utrecht , the netherlands program committee : wiebe van der hoek ( utrecht university ) john - jules meyer ( utrecht university ) cees witteveen ( delft university ) mike wooldridge ( university of london ) invited speaker : christiano castelfranchi , university of siena organisers : wiebe van der hoek ( utrecht university ) wiebe @ cs . uu . nl john - jules meyer ( utrecht university ) jj @ cs . uu . nl cees witteveen ( delft university ) witt @ cs . tudelft . nl questions concerning the workshop may be addressed to any of the organizers . background : this workshop concerns the description of , specification of and reasoning about collective agent-based systems , i . e . multi-agent systems in the sense of co-ordinated networks of autonomous agents . typical issues to be addressed are logic-based approaches to communication , synchronisation co-ordination , co-operation , conflict handling and negotiation , collective intentions / goals , goals and commitments . other topics include incident handling and fault-tolerant behaviour of such systems . finally , applications of collective agent-based systems in e . g . transportation , trade and e-commerce will be subject of discussion in the workshop . keywords : - theories , logics and specification formalisms for multi - agent systems - models for agent communication , co-ordination , co-operation , competition , collective intentions , contracts , delegation , ( social ) commitment , roles etc . - models and specification of emergent behaviour - theories for agent negotiation and argumentation - coalition formation - conflict handling / resolution - models and methods for conflict resolution - multi-agent programming - approaches dealing with incident handling and fault-tolerance in mas - applications in e . g . transport , trade and e-commerce how the workhsop will be organised : the workshop will consist of five sessions ( 90 min . each ) of presentation and discussion of contributed papers . it will take place during the second week esslli - summer school and will be open to all members of the lli - community . submissions : all researchers in the area , but especially ph . d . students and young researchers , are encouraged to submit an abstract ( hard copy or e-mail ) of not more than 12 pages to the following address : wiebe van der hoek department of computer science po box 80089 3508 tb utrecht the netherlands wiebe @ cs . uu . nl summary of dates : march 15 , 99 : deadline for submissions may 1 , 99 : notification of acceptance may 31 , 99 : deadline for final copy aug 9 , 99 : start of esslli ' 99 aug 16 , 99 : start of workshop registration : workshop contributors will be required to register for esslli-99 . further information : to obtain further information about the workshop , please go to http : / / pds . twi . tudelft . nl / cabs / esslli _ 99 . htm the esslli-99 home page is at http : / / esslli . let . uu . nl /
 "",0
 2111,""Subject: deseret language and linguistic society
  
  call for papers : 1999 deseret language and linguistics society symposium the 25th annual deseret language and linguistics symposium ( dlls ) invites papers in all areas of linguistics and language for our 1999 symposium to be held on february 18th and 19th , 1999 . this year 's plenary speaker is john r . searle , professor emeritus of philosophy at the university of california at berkeley . to apply , please submit a dlls proposal form including an abstract for review of no more than 250 words by email or regular mail by friday , december 11 , 1998 to either alan _ manning @ byu . edu or alan manning linguistics department 2129 jkhb brigham young university provo , ut 84602 more information about the society and the symposium ( including the proposal submission form ) can be readily accessed at : http : / / english . byu . edu / societies / dlls
 "",0
 2112,""Subject: israeli theoretical linguistics assoc 15th annual meeting : 1st cfp
  
  the 15th annual meeting - - - israeli association for theoretical linguistics iatl 15 june 16-17 1999 haifa university , haifa invited speakers : mark aronoff ( suny , stony brook ) ( second speaker to be announced ) iatl 15 , the 15th annual meeting of the israeli association for theoretical linguistics , will be held in haifa university , haifa on june 16-17 , 1999 . submissions are invited for papers presenting high quality , previously unpublished research in all areas of theoretical linguistics . iatl publishes a working papers-style proceedings in which all accepted and alternate papers appear . please send 7 copies of an anonymous abstract ( maximum length 2 pages ) accompanied by a card with author 's name , affiliation , e / snail-mail , and title of paper to : iatl 15 , linguistics programme , department of english , the hebrew university , jerusalem 91905 israel . deadline : feb 8 , 1999 . electronic submission ( . ps format only ) is possible . not more than one single-authored abstract per person , plus one co-authored abstract . important dates : febuary 8 , 1999 : abstract submission deadline march 25 , 1999 : notification to authors of acceptance june 16-17 , 1999 : iatl conference further information from : msjihad @ mscc . huji . ac . il iatl 15 will be held adjacently to pragma 99 and to bifsai 6 . pragma 99 , to be held during june 13-15 , 1999 at tel aviv university and the hebrew university of jerusalem is an interdisciplinary international conference on pragmatics and negotiation bringing together pragmaticists , linguists , philosophers , anthropologists , sociologists and political scientists . among the plenary speakers : elinor ochs ( ucla ) , itamar rabinovitch ( tel aviv university ) , emanual schegloff ( ucla ) , thomas schelling ( university of maryland ) , deborah schiffrin ( georgetown university ) , deborah tannen ( georgetown university ) , ruth wodak ( university of vienna ) . for further information contact : pragma99 @ post . tau . ac . il bifsai 6 is the sixth biennial symposium on the foundations of artificial intelligence , to be held on june 23-25 , 1999 in ramat gan , israel . the symposium is international in scope , with invited lectures by leading researchers and contributed papers on foundations of ai . the invited speakers for bisfai-99 include stan rosenschein of stanford university and leo joskowicz of hebrew university . you may contact bisfai @ cs . ciu . ac . il for further information , or visit the bisfai-99 website at http : / / www . cs . biu . ac . il : 8080 / ~ bisfai . this site is mirrored in the united states at http : / / www-formal . stanford . edu / leora / bisfai
 "",0
 2113,""Subject: lexicon
  
  linguistics association of canada and the united states the twenty-sixth lacus forum to be held at the university of alberta edmonton , alberta , canada august 2nd - 7th , 1999 featured lecturers : joan bybee , univesity of new mexico wallace chafe , uc santa barbara conference theme : the lexicon abstracts are invited on any topics relating to the lexicon , including those listed below , but abstracts on other linguistic topics will also be considered : lexical semantics the mental lexicon relationships of lexicon and syntax relationships between lexical and conceptual information relationships between lexical and morphological information relationships between lexical and phonological information the cortical representation of lexical information diachronic lexicology : the lexicon through time conceptual categories and lexical categories cognitive treatments of lexical information lexical functions lexicalization idiomaticity abstracts should be anonymous ( no indication of the author ) and should : l - have an informative but brief title 2 - clearly state the problem to be addressed or the research questions raised by prior studies . 3 - state the main point ( s ) or argument ( s ) of the proposed presentation , with relevant data if possible . if the paper is empirically based , state specific hypotheses and at least an outline of results obtained . 4 - show relevance to other work or to linguistic research . 5 - give references to literature cited in the abstract . submit abstracts via e-mail with 3 camera-ready copies simultaneously sent via snail mail to the addresses below . those without e-mail available should send 16 hard copies via snail mail . each author should also send by snail mail a 3x5 """" card bearing name , addresses ( especially e-mail ) affiliation , phone , title of paper , audio-visual equipment required ( an overhead projector will regularly be available ) , eligibility for prizes , time desired ( normally 15 or 25 minutes plus discussion time ) , and identification of one or more topics under which the paper falls ( from above list , or specify if another ) . proposals for panels jor special sessions - - identifying proposed participants - - are also welcome . please contact ruth brend or syd lamb right away with your ideas ( see addresses below ) . the annual presidents ' predoctoral prize ( $ 100 ) and postdoctoral prize ( $ 500 - - for young untenured scholars ) will be awarded to the best papers in each category ( only single-authored presentations considered ) . limited funds to assist scholars coming from countries with weak currencies may be available . for information contact the conference committee chair . submit abstracts & proposals to : ruth brend , chair , lacus conference committee , 3363 burbank dr . , ann arbor , mi 48105 , usa ( tel . 313-6652787 ; fax 313-6659743 ; e-mail , rbrend @ umich . edu ) . deadline for receipt of abstracts : january 15 , 1999 . the university of alberta , the second largest english speaking university in canada , is located in edmonton , a cosmopolitan and ethnically diverse city of almost a million people located just a few hours drive from the magnificent canadian rockies ( about 4 hours to jasper and about 5 hours to banff - - the drive is easy and breathtakingly beautiful ) . quite reasonable hotel accommodations will be available at the edge of campus , within easy walking distance to the conference rooms . accommodations will also be available on campus . restaurants can be found both on and at the periphery of campus , while downtown edmonton is accessible via the subway . further information will be sent to all lacus members and to nonmember authors of accepted abstracts in march . conference committee : ruth brend , michigan state university ( emerita ) , chair angela della volpe , california state university , fullerton sydney lamb , rice university gary prideaux , university of alberta lois stanford , university of alberta address questions about the conference to : ruth brend < rbrend @ umich . edu > syd lamb < lamb @ rice . edu > address questions about alberta to : gary prideaux < gary . prideaux @ ualberta . ca > , lois stanford < lstanfor @ maildrop . srv . ualberta . ca >
 "",0
 2114,""Subject: conference on turkic languages
  
  call for papers the first manchester conference on turkic languages 6 - 7 april 1999 , university of manchester the north - west centre for linguistics and the research group on central asia and the caucasus are pleased to announce their first joint conference on turkic languages . papers are invited on all areas of linguistics from researchers who work on turkic languages . papers will be 35 minutes long with 10 minutes discussion time . there will also be a poster session . proceedings are planned to be published as a part of a series on turkic linguistics . please send your abstracts ( of around 500 words with a selective bibliography ) not later than 1 february 1999 to : cigdem balim - harding coordinator , research group on central asia and the caucasus department of middle eastern studies , university of manchester manchester m13 9pl , uk tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 275 3069 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 275 3264 email : cigdem . balim @ man . ac . uk conference details will shortly appear on the web page for the rgcac : http : / / www . art . man . ac . uk / mes / asia . htm
 "",0
 2115,""Subject: language technology in multimedia information retrieval
  
  14th twente workshop on language technology language technology in multimedia information retrieval december 7 - 8 1998 , university of twente , the netherlands program and call for participation on 7 and 8 december 1998 , the fourteenth international twente workshop on language technology ( twlt14 ) will take place at the university of twente , enschede , the netherlands . the topic of this workshop will be """" language technology in multimedia information retrieval """" twlt14 will focus on the increasingly important role of human language technology in the indexing and accessing of written and spoken documents , video material and / or images , and on the role of language technology for cross-language retrieval and information extraction . the workshop will address the role of language and speech processing both in terms of existing approaches and implementations , in terms of theoretical foundations , and / or emerging directions of research . http : / / wwwseti . cs . utwente . nl / parlevink / conferences / twlt14 . html program : monday 7 december 09 : 00 registration 10 : 00 opening session 1 : cross - language ir 10 : 15 hans uszkoreit , dfki """" cross - language information retrieval : from naive concepts to advanced applications """" 10 : 45 paul buitelaar , klaus netter and feiyu xu , dfki """" integrating different strategies for cross - language retrieval """" 11 : 15 break 11 : 30 franciska de jong and djoerd hiemstra , university of twente """" cross - language retrieval : from design to implementation . """" 12 : 00 david hull , xerox grenoble """" information extraction from bilingual corpora and its application to machine - aided translation """" 12 : 30 lunch session 2 : nlp , ie / ir and multimedia 14 : 00 arjen de vries , university of twente """" mirror : multimedia query processing in extensible databases """" 14 : 30 doug appelt , sri international """" an overview of information extraction and its applications to information retrieval """" 15 : 00 break + demos 16 : 00 paul van der vet , university of twente """" combining linguistic and knowledge - based engineering for information retrieval and information extraction """" 16 : 30 karen sparck - jones , cambridge university ( nl + ir ) """" information retrieval : how far will * really * simple methods take you ? """" 17 : 30 drinks tuesday 8 december session 3 : video and image processing 09 : 00 stanley peters , stanford university """" methods and tools """" 09 : 30 andres salway and khursid ahmad , university of surrey """" talking pictures : indexing and representing video with collateral text """" 10 : 00 wim van bruxvoort , vda informatiebeheersing """" pop - eye : language technology for video retrieval """" 10 : 30 break 11 : 00 istar buscher , swr """" going digital at tv - archives : new dimensions of information management for professional and public demands """" 11 : 30 arnold smeulders , university of amsterdam """" vision and language , the impossible connection """" 12 : 00 kees van deemter , university of brighton ( picture retrieval ) """" retrieving pictures for document generation """" 12 : 30 lunch session 4 : speech retrieval 14 : 00 steve renals , university of sheffield """" the thisl spoken document retrieval system """" 14 : 30 wessel kraaij / joop van gent , tno-tpd """" phoneme based spoken document retrieval """" 15 : 00 break closing session 15 : 30 jaime carbonell , carnegie mellon university """" information novelty and the mmr metric in retrieval and summarization """" 16 : 00 discussion 16 : 30 closing the regular workshop fee is dfl . 175 , - and covers a copy of the proceedings , lunches , coffee and tea during the breaks , and an informal reception . students may apply for a reduced fee . the workshop secratariat can make hotel reservations . more information on the workshop as well as a registration form can be found at http : / / wwwseti . cs . utwente . nl / parlevink / conferences / twlt14 . html twlt14 is organised in cooperation with the parlevink - project of the university of twente by : klaus netter - dfki , germany email : netter @ dfki . de franciska de jong - university of twente , computer science department email : fdejong @ cs . utwente . nl djoerd hiemstra - university of twente , computer science department email : hiemstra @ cs . utwente . nl for further information please contact the organisers , or the workshop secretariat : department of computer science / parlevink university of twente phone : + 31 53 4893680 p . o . box 217 , fax : + 31 53 4893503 7500 ae enschede the netherlands email : twlt14 @ cs . utwente . nl
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 2116,""Subject: negation in slavic languages
  
  call for papers workshop on the syntax and semantics of slavic negation may 1 - 2 , 1999 during 32nd poznan linguistic meeting ( plm ' 99 ) poznan , poland april 30 - may 2 , 1999 invited speakers ( to be confirmed ) : eva hajicova , charles university , prague maria luisa rivero , university of ottawa abstracts are invited for 30 - minute talks on all aspects of ( morpho ) syntax and semantics of negation in slavic languages ( also comparing slavic negation to that in other languages ) from any theoretical perspective . the official language of the workshop will be english . we have tentatively arranged with slavica publishers for publishing a volume of selected papers presented at the workshop . further details will be announced at the workshop . abstract requirements : abstracts should be no more than one standard size page in length with the option of including an additional page for data and references . abstracts should be in at least 10 - point type with 1 - inch margins , single-spaced . they should be anonymous . the preferred way of submitting an abstract is via email . abstracts should be sent to the following address : adamp @ sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de acceptable formats are : pure ascii , postscript , tex , latex , latex2e , rtf , also gzipped uuencoded versions thereof . please , send in a separate email the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , address for correspondence , and the title of the paper . alternatively , 3 copies of the abstract , accompanied by a separate card stating the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliation , address , and the title of the paper , should be sent to : adam przepiorkowski ipi pan ul . ordona 21 01-237 warszawa poland abstracts should be received not later than on february 12 , 1999 . important dates : submission deadline : 12th february 1999 acceptance notification : 14th march 1999 programme announcement : 1st april 1999 workshop : 1st - - 2nd may 1999 participation : anybody intending to participate ( including the speakers ) should register for the poznan linguistic meeting ( plm ' 99 ) . the first circular will be sent separately by the organizers of plm ' 99 . any inquiries should be sent to the address below . - - , adam przepiorkowski - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - universitaet tuebingen , gk ils | seminar fuer sprachwissenschaft | wilhelmstr . 113 | office : ( + 49 7071 ) 2972741 d-72074 tuebingen | home : ( + 49 7071 ) 62410 germany | email : adamp @ sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - www : http : / / www . sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de / ~ adamp / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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 2117,""Subject: mla 98 call for papers ( division of applied linguistics )
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for papers ( second call - - deadline : march 2 , 1998 ) modern language association 1998 convention division on applied linguistics san francisco , california 27-30 december 1998 the division on applied linguistics is sponsoring three separate sessions . session 1 : second language fluency : definitions and issues while reference to """" l2 fluency """" is common , informed discussion about its definition , measurement and acquisition is rare . this session explores both theoretical issues and research on l2 fluency in speech , reading or writing . session 2 : technology in second language learning : what does research tell us ? this session explores the consequences of using computer technology in language instruction . papers should report on original research or make connections between research , theory , and teaching practice . session 3 : emotion and language : implications for language learning this session presents recent research on the relationship between affect and language learning . papers should report on original research or make connections between research , theory , and teaching practice . one - page blind abstracts accompanied by a card with the presenter 's name , address , telephone number , fax number , and e-mail address should be sent to : richard kern dept . of french university of california , berkeley berkeley , ca 94720-2580 fax ( 510 ) 642-2194 e-mail : kernrg @ uclink . berkeley . edu deadline for receipt of abstracts : march 2 , 1998 faxed and e-mail submissions will be accepted but should be followed up by a hard-copy submission . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",0
 2118,""Subject: discourse studies - call for papers
  
  first announcement and call for papers . . . . . discourse studies . interdisciplinary journal for the study of text and talk editor : teun a . van dijk ( university of amsterdam ) a new journal edited by teun van dijk entitled discourse studies is due for publication in february 1999 . this multidisciplinary forum will publish outstanding work on the structures and strategies of written and spoken discourse , reviewed by an internationally renowned editorial board . while contributing to new developments at the cutting edge of theory and method , its articles will also be accessible to students and other newcomers to each area of specialization . although intended as a broadly conceived forum for the best international work on discourse in any field and specialization , discourse studies will especially focus on cross-disciplinary studies of text and talk in linguistics , anthropology , ethnomethodology , cognitive and social psychology , communication studies and law . articles that specifically deal with critical socio-political issues are especially welcome in sage 's companion journal discourse & society . call for papers as from april 1998 , high quality papers that fall within the scope and meet the criteria outlined above are welcome . please contact the editor : teun @ let . uva . nl ( for any other information contact louise harnby at sage publications : louise . harnby @ sagepub . co . uk )
 "",0
 2119,""Subject: glot international vol 3 , issue 8
  
  table of contents glot international , vol . 3 , issue 8 editors : lisa cheng and rint sybesma < mailto : glot @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl > state - of-the - article structure for coordination , part ii by ljiljana progovac """" it is not accidental that there have been attempts to bring conjunction and adjunction under the same umbrella : both are recursive , and both seem deficient without the other . for example , adjunction is the only operation that creates a phrase without a head . """" column recent issues in linguistics elan dresher hidden codes in the hebrew bible ? """" he suggested that these conclusions were based on purely scientific criteria which , as it turned out , happened to be in accord with the account presented in the book of genesis . """" dissertations non - verbal predication and head movement by andrew carnie ( mit , 1995 ) , reviewed by peter svenonius the copy theory of movement and linearization of chains in the minimalist program by jairo nunes ( maryland , 1995 ) , reviewed by hans - martin grtner book reviews the architecture of the language faculty by ray jackendoff ( mit press , 1997 ) , reviewed by elizabeth a . cowper goodies the cd extinct south african khoisan languages reviewed by bonnie sands extra the number of death a linguistic mystery in eight installments by chris sidney tappan chapter 7 : an unexpected problem . . . and a invitation to write a squib for the squib section which will be inaugurated next year ! check our website ! < http : / / www . hagpub . com / glot . htm > holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
 "",0
 2120,""Subject: a . nunn , dutch orthography
  
  new from holland academic graphics : anneke nunn dutch orthography a systematic investigation of the spelling of dutch words this study offers a detailed and systematic account of dutch orthography and its relation to the linguistic system . it reveals aspects of the spelling system that were ignored or left implicit until now , and integrates them with what was already known from prescriptive and descriptive accounts . the most important insight this study yields is that the dutch spelling system consists of two distinct components : phoneme-to - grapheme conversion rules and autonomous spelling rules . thus , the computation of spelling from sound representations is a two-step process . the investigation also shows that the phoneme-to - grapheme conversion rules for non-native words should be distinguished from the rules for native words . the autonomous spelling rules apply to both sets of lexical items alike , however . dutch spelling rules were modelled by means of a computer programme and applied to the sound representations of dutch words . 1998 . 237 pp . isbn 90-5569 - 049 - x . paperback . [ lot international series 6 . cls / catholic university of nijmegen dissertation . ] price for individuals ordering directly from holland academic graphics : hfl . 38 . 70 ( excl . vat and p&p ) . < http : / / www . hagpub . com > holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
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 2121,""Subject: phoentics / phonology : r . goedemans , weightless segments
  
  new from holland academic graphics rob goedemans weightless segments a phonetic and phonological study concerning the metrical irrelevance of syllable onsets weightless segments deals with a specific question that arises when we regard the stress rules of quantity-sensitive languages . in these languages , vowels and coda consonants can , by virtue of their presence or absence , influence the weight of the syllable , and thus , indirectly , the location of word stress . it is common knowledge that onset consonants do not have this capacity . the question that this book , researched within the laboratory phonology framework , tries to answer is why . a phonetic explanation for the weightless behaviour of syllable onsets is sought in the durational behaviour of onset , nucleus and coda . assuming that duration is the primary phonetic correlate of phonological weight , an asymmetry in the durational behaviour of these subsyllabic constituents might explain the observed differences in potential weight . a series of production and perception experiments was conducted to reveal this asymmetry , and to explain it . a further task that is undertaken in this book is the reanalysis of a group of , mostly australian aboriginal , languages for which some degree of onset influence in their stress rules has been claimed in the past ( in defiance of the universal rule that onsets do not count ) . in the second part of this book , after a general overview of stress in aboriginal languages , it is shown that these offending languages can all be reanalysed without any reference to onset influence whatsoever . contents : 1 . introduction 2 . onset durations in production experiments 3 . the perception of syllabic duration 4 . exploratory psychophysics 5 . the role of onsets in stress rules 6 . two case studies 7 . conclusions 1998 . viii + 262 pp . isbn : 90 5569 052 x . paperback . [ lot international series 9 . hil / leiden university dissertation . ] price for individuals ordering directly from the publisher : nlg 42 . 00 ( excl . vat and p&p ) . < http : / / www . hagpub . com > holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
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 2122,""Subject: new journal """" language and speech """"
  
  toc : language and speech : journal of the linguistic society of st . petersburg ( vol . 1 , 1998 ) published annualy , in russian and english editor - in - chief : vadim b . kassevitch editorial board : v . berkov , s . bogdanov , a . bondarko , l . bondarko , a . domashnev , a . gerd , s . iljenko , n . kazansky , s . khrakovsky , yu . kleiner ( associated editor ) , a . muratov , m . sabaneeva , n . svetozarova ( managing editor ) , i . steblin - kamenskij , n . vaxtin , l . verbitskaja articles sakharny l . v . , topic - comment structures in discourse : some basic notions bondarko a . v . , a functional model of grammar ( theoretical foundations , results and perspectives ) kassevitch v . b . , ontolinguistics , typology , and the rules of language gorbov a . a . , aktionsart in its relation to the aspect wiemer b . , narrative units and chronology factors in polish and german gsell r . , on verb serialization in standard thai zimmerling a . , the story of a polemic dios luque duran , j . de posas f . , the spanish national character as mirrored in the spanish language : the worldview and the language sukhachev n . l . , kazansky n . n . , semantics and deep level indo - european reconstructions diakonoff i . m . , external connections of the sumerian language liberman a . s . , a new etymological dictionary of modern english kolesov v . v . , russian linguistics in st . petersburg : methodological foundations cherdakov d . n . a . s . shishkov and a . kh . vostokov : the relation between traditionalism and innovations in the history of russian philology khrakovsky v . s . , ogloblin a . k . , the kholodovich school bondarko l . v . , phonetics and linguistics ( 65th anniversary of the department of phonetics ) zinder l . r . , v . m . zhirmunsky and inseldialektologie steblin - kamenskij m . i . professor shcherba as an examiner reviews kurylowicz memorial volume ( kazansky n . n . ) ; the russian language of the late 20th century ( 1985-1995 ) ( iljenko s . g . , chernyak v . d . ) . conference reports 24th annual conference at the faculty of philology , university of st . petersburg ( arkhiipova e . a . , bogdanova n . v . ) ; herzen conference ( dymarsky m . ya . , chernyak v . d . ) ; classical languages and indo - european linguistics : i . m . tronsky memorial conference ( kryuchkova e . r . ) ; 16th international congress of linguists ( kassevitch v . b . ) ; 13th international conference on historical linguistics ( kleiner yu . a . , perekhval 's kaya e . v . , rusakov a . yu . , svetozarova n . d . ) ; the child language ( kazakovskaya v . v . ) . in the seminars of the linguistic society of st . petersburg
 "",0
 2123,""Subject: conference on arabic nlp
  
  atlas99 : arabic translation and localisation symposium tunis , may 26-28 , 1999 call for papers it is one of the five official languages of the united nations , it has 260 million native speakers , and is used as a second language by a further 1 . 3 billion people . arabic is certainly one of the world 's most important languages . yet for computer users , it is a third-class language . as there are several different encodings for arabic , and very few search engines capable of handling arabic , there are few arabic - language websites on the internet , most of them just graphic images . the atlas symposium asks why this should be so , and seeks to address the problems of . . . localisation to / from arabic teleconferencing in arabic translation into / out of arabic encoding standardisation for arabic , especially unicode information retrieval in arabic internet tools ( html editors , search engines , email , etc ) for arabic arabic nlp in general we invite contributions on any of the above topics , in english or french . a 200 - word abstract together with the author 's name and affiliation should be submitted , preferably by e-mail , to atlas @ issco . unige . ch by january 25th , 1999 . acceptance will be notified by 1st march . authors unable to submit by e-mail should send hard copy to the following address : atlas symposium , issco , 54 route des acacias , ch-1227 geneva , switzerland programme committee adnane zribi , universit de tunis iii , tunisia harold somers , umist , manchester , england ludovic tanguy , issco , geneva , switzerland rafik belhadj - kacem , epos sa , france susan armstrong - warwick , issco , geneva , switzerland schedule of dates submission deadline 25 january , 1999 acceptance notification 1 march , 1999 confirmation of participation 1 april , 1999 symposium dates 26-28 may , 1999 for more information , - see : http : / / www . ccl . umist . ac . uk / staff / harold / atlas / - or send email to : atlas @ issco . unige . ch
 "",0
 2124,""Subject: fifth annual graduate romanic association at the u . of penn .
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for abstracts * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * university of pennsylvania department of romance languages fifth annual graduate romanic association colloquium on the edge margins and marginalities on the brink of a new millenium march 27 , 1999 we are accepting abstracts for presentations * by graduate students * in hispanic , portuguese , italian , and french and francophone literatures and romance philology . works in historical linguistics and all relevant area studies are welcome . this year we encourage papers dealing with the conference theme from a broad range of perspectives . some of the more obvious perspectives are time , space , and gender , but these are certainly not the only possibilities . possible topics might include but are not limited to : - synchronicities and diachronicities - ( cutting ) edges , borders and crossings - frontiers , limits and transgressions - shifts , changes and transformations - margins and marginalities papers can be in english , french , italian , portuguese or spanish and should be able to be read in 20 minutes ( approximately eight to ten double-spaced pages ) . accepted papers may be eligible for publication in our working paper series . submit an * anonymous * abstract with a separate self-addressed , stamped envelope and a cover sheet with the following information : - the title of the paper - presenter 's name - address - telephone number - e-mail address and - academic affiliation the deadline for submission of abstracts is january 30 , 1999 . send the submission to : graduate student colloquium reading committee department of romance languages 521 williams hall university of pennsylvania philadelphia , pa 19104-6305 for more information , call ( 215 ) 898-7429 and leave a message for linda grabner - coronel or e-mail lgrabner @ mail . sas . upenn . edu or visit our website : http : / / www . sas . upenn . edu / ~ lgrabner / 99colloq . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * please feel free to repost this call for abstracts to other lists that you know of whose members might be interested . thank you . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",0
 2125,""Subject: languages in contact
  
  conference on languages in contact groningen university november 25-26 , 1999 first call for papers a conference on languages in contact will be held on november 25-26 , 1999 , at the university of groningen . this conference will include sessions devoted to descriptive and theoretical aspects of language contact . the aim of this conference is to discuss language contact . issues for discussion involve pidgins and creoles , minorities and their languages , diaspora situations , ' sprachbund ' phenomena , extralinguistic correlates of variety in contact situations , problems of endangered languages and the typology of these languages . we particularly welcome reports on contact phenomena between languages in russia , their survival and the influence of russian . this includes yiddish and mennonite dialects of low - german . there will be a special session devoted to this topic : languages in contact with russian . the conference will be held on the occasion of the degree of honorary doctor in st petersburg of dr tjeerd de graaf . we welcome contributions for 30 - minute presentations ( including 10 minutes of discussion ) . invited speakers , in alphabetical order : liya bondarko ( university of st petersburg ) evgenij golovko ( russian academy of sciences ) pieter muysken ( university of leiden ) sally thomason ( university of pittsburg ) abstracts should be restricted to two pages , including examples and references . two copies of abstracts should be submitted , one anonymous , and one mentioning the author 's name , affiliation , postal address and e-mail address . the deadline for submission of abstracts : april 1 , 1999 . abstracts should be sent to : the organizing committee john nerbonne , jos schaeken , dicky gilbers department of linguistics university of groningen oude kijk in ` t jatstraat 26 9712 ek groningen the netherlands information : e-mail : nerbonne @ let . rug . nl , schaeken @ let . rug . nl , gilbers @ let . rug . nl fax : + 31-50 - 3636855
 "",0
 2126,""Subject: logic linguistics and information
  
  first announcement and call for papers esslli-99 workshop on focus and presupposition in multi-speaker discourse university of utrecht , 9-13 august 1999 context : the workshop is part of the 11th european summer school """" logic linguistics and information """" ( esslli ) , to be held in utrecht from 9-20 august 1999 . the esslli summer school is organized under the auspices of the european association for logic , language and information ( folli ) . previous esslli summer schools have been highly successful , attracting around 500 students from europe and elsewhere . the school has developed into an important meeting place and forum for discussion for students and researchers interested in the interdisciplinary study of logic , language and information . for more information on esslli ' 99 see : http : / / esslli . let . uu . nl / . workshop description : the aim of the workshop is to explore the interrelation between theories of focus , theories of presupposition and their implementation in a formal theory of dialogue . topics to be discussed include : - the relation between focus and presupposition . - the role of answer focus in formal models of questions-answer exchanges . - the treatment of presupposition in multi-speaker discourse . - the relation between deaccentuation , contextual givenness , and presupposition . - the role of focus and deaccenting in establishing discourse coherence . practical matters : paper presentations will be 45 minutes long ( including 15 minutes for discussion ) . abstracts should not exceed 1500 words , and can be submitted either by email or by regular mail . email submissions should be in postscript or plain ascii . please include """" esslli workshop """" in the subject line of your message , and send it to : bart . geurts @ mpi . nl abstract submissions by regular mail should consist of 3 copies , and be addressed to : bart geurts max planck institute for psycholinguistics postbox 310 nl-6500 ah nijmegen the netherlands workshop speakers are required to register for the summer school . however , workshop speakers will be able to register at a reduced rate to be determined by the organizing committee . dates : - deadline for submissions of abstracts : 1 march 1999 - notification of acceptance : 1 may 1999 - workshop to be held : august 9-13 for any questions , please contact the organizers : bart geurts university of osnabrueck & max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen bart . geurts @ mpi . nl manfred krifka university of texas at austin krifka @ mail . utexas . edu rob van der sandt university of nijmegen rvdsandt @ phil . kun . nl
 "",0
 2127,""Subject: chinese and oriental language / machine translation
  
  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ call for papers ( new ) communications of colips - an international journal of the chinese and oriental languages information processing society will publish a special issue on machine translation introduction the international journal of communications of colips is devoted to the publication of original theoretical and applied research in chinese and oriental languages computing ( languages ) . in particular , this special issue focuses on the field of """" machine translation """" . in recent years , many researchers , both in academia and in industry , have taken up the challenge to build systems capable of translating oriental vlanguages and the other languages , both written text and spoken languages . this special issue is dedicated to reporting the state-of - the-art and / or state-of - the-practice in machine translation ( mt ) . original papers in all areas of research in this field , including , but not limited to , the following are invited : - methodologies for mt ( rule-based , statistics-based , knowledge-based , function-based , etc . ) - automatic or semi - automatic acquisition of translation knowledge - practical mt systems - translation aids ( translation memory , terminology databases , etc . ) - speech and dialogue machine translation - natural language analysis and generation techniques - dictionaries and lexicons for mt systems - text corpora for mt - user interfaces - evaluation techniques - mutil - linguages mt - translation corpora - mt and related technologies guidelines for submission original papers which are not submitted to , under reviewed by and published or to be published in other journals or conferences in any areas of mt are invited to this special issue for possible publication . the publication language is english or chinese . paper submissions to the special issue should be in the communications colips format . information for the format authors can be found at : http : / / www . comp . nus . edu . sg / ~ colips / commcolips / we need electronic copies in word , rtf , postscript or latex . authors should send four copies of their paper to the following special issue editor prof . ren by january 20 , 1999 : dr . fuji ren faculty of information sciences hiroshima city university 3 - 4 - 1 , ozuka - higasi , asa - minami - ku hiroshima , 731-3194 , japan tel : + 81-82 - 830-1584 fax : + 81-82 - 830-1584 or + 81-82 - 830-1792 email : ren @ its . hiroshima-cu . ac . jp important dates submission deadline : january 20 , 1999 . author notification : march 20 , 1999 . final version : may 5 , 1999 . publication : june , 1999 . special issue editor : dr . fuji ren faculty of information sciences hiroshima city university 3 - 4 - 1 , ozuka - higasi , asa - minami - ku hiroshima , 731-3194 , japan more information : updated information on the special issue as well as the communication colips is available at : http : / / www . comp . nus . edu . sg / ~ colips / commcolips / authors also can contact with chairman of colips : dr . lua kim teng school of computing , national university of singapore kent ridge road , singapore 119260 fax 65-7794580 tel 65-8742782 email : luakt @ comp . nus . edu . sg - - - - -
 "",0
 2128,""Subject: southeast conference on linguistics
  
  secol 30th anniversary meeting spring 1999 linguistics for the twenty - first century call for papers : due december 7 old dominion university will host the spring 1999 meeting of secol , which will be held at the norfolk waterside marriott in norfolk , virginia on april 8th , 9th and 10th . we will be celebrating the 30th anniversary of the founding of the organization . the featured speakers for the spring meeting are william labov of the university of pennsylvania and walt wolfram of north carolina state university . labov will make a presentation on """" the triumph of southern sound changes , """" showing that certain elements of southern dialect are now found to be occurring throughout north america . walt wolfram 's presentation will be on """" the southern context ( s ) of earlier aave . """" based on his examination of longstanding african american communities in the pamlico sound area of north carolina , he argues that earlier african american speech was much more diverse than the contemporary version of the vernacular and explains why aave has undergone such a dramatic movement toward a normative vernacular over the last half century . in addition , natalie schilling - estes will moderate a discussion by a group of younger scholars on """" fieldwork for the new century , """" which will deal with ethical issues , approaches to fieldwork , current and emerging technologies , and fieldwork priorities for the 21st century . abstract guidelines please send six copies of an abstract of your paper - - not to exceed 300 words - - to the secol office for the consideration of the program committee . do not put your name on the abstracts so they may be judged anonymously . please copy and fill out the following form and staple it to one copy of your abstract . after the papers are refereed , we will notify you of the committee 's decisions . the abstracts must arrive at the secol office no later than 7 december 1998 . guidelines i . give the title of the paper at the top of the page . do not give your name or other identifying information . abstracts will be judged by the program committee without the knowledge of the identity of the authors . ii . the abstracts should not be longer than 300 words . they must be typewritten , double-spaced , and the copies may be xeroxed . iii . a statement of the topic or purpose of the paper should be included , preferably as the first paragraph . a . if your paper involves the analysis of linguistic materials , give appropriate examples , along with a brief indication of why they are important to your argument . b . if your paper is to present the results of experiments and you do not yet have those results , indicate the nature of the experiments and why the results will be significant . c . state the relevance of your ideas to past work or to the future development of the field . d . state your conclusion ( however tentative ) ; avoid saying things like """" a solution to this problem will be presented . """" if you are taking a stand on a controversial issue , do not simply say which side you take ; summarize the arguments that lead you to take this position . name : affiliation : mailing address : title of paper : indicate special equipment needs : all papers for this meeting should be designed for 20 minutes delivery time . abstracts must arrive at the secol office no later than 7 december 1998 . send six copies of your abstract to : marvin ching or joan weatherly southeastern conference on linguistics department of english the university of memphis memphis , tn 38152
 "",0
 2129,""Subject: semantics / syntax : modality in saami
  
  """" memoires de la societe finno - ougrienne """" , vol . 231 : arja koskinen , toiminnan valttamattomyys ja mahdollisuus . pohjoissaamen modaalisten ilmausten semantiikkaa ja syntaksia . [ phd thesis : turku 1998 . ] ( isbn 952-5150 - 21 - 6 ) [ abstract : the necessity and possibility of action . the semantics and syntax of modal expressions in northern saami . ] 271 p . available from tiedekirja bookstore : tiedekirja @ pp . kolumbus . fi for complete backlists ( including online abstracts ) see http : / / www . helsinki . fi / jarj / sus / - - - - - - - - - johanna laakso < johanna . laakso @ helsinki . fi > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - helsingin yliopisto , suomalais - ugrilainen laitos - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http : / / www . helsinki . fi / ~ jolaakso / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",0
 2130,""Subject: second language acquisition
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * links & letters issue 7 : autonomy in l2 language learning call for papers contributions are welcomed for the 2000 issue of links and letters , the core of which will be devoted to the development of autonomy in l2 language learning in any of its manifestations . a large number of areas of interest are relevant to the subject : self-directed learning , self-access learning , learner training , learner strategies and strategic training , learners ' beliefs , developing autonomy accross cultures , open learning and computer assisted language learning ( including e - mail and internet applications for autonomous l2 learning ) , among others . there will also be the possibility of publishing articles of special interest in other areas of sla / applied linguistics within a miscellany section . we welcome survey articles , articles which present a debate within their field , research articles , or articles which make recent research accessible to the non-specialist . we also welcome reviews of recent books ( published since 1995 ) relevant to the issue . other proposals , such as interviews and annotated bibliographies will also be considered . * articles : between 15 and 20 written pages ( 30 lines / 60 spaces per line ) , 3 copies , in english . * reviews : maximum length 4 pages ( 30 lines / 60 spaces per line ) , 3 copies , in english . * squibs : maximum length 8 pages ( 30 lines / 60 spaces per line ) , 3 copies , in english . deadline : april 30 , 1999 . if you wish to contribute , please contact us for further style sheet / electronic format specifications : links and letters issue 7 : mia victori ( issue editor ) . departament de filologia anglesa i de germanstica , facultat de lletres , edifici b , universitat autnoma de barcelona , 080193 bellaterra , barcelona ( spain ) . phone : ( 34 3 ) 581 15 67 / 581 27 85 fax : ( 34 3 ) 581 20 01 e - mail : ilfi3 @ cc . uab . es links & letters further information : links & letters is a refereed journal in the field of english studies . each issue is organised around a topic , and the philosophy of the journal is to try to make often complex topics accessible to an interdisciplinary public . besides the articles and review sections , there is an interview section with one or more well-known scholars in the field answering questions . from issue 3 on there is a bibliography section with a selected and commented bibliography of key publications ( books and periodicals ) in the field aimed at orienting the interested reader who would like to know more . finally there is an open notes and news section : short squibs and replies to previous issues are welcome , information about forthcoming events , new publications , and anything else our readers would like to make of it . remember . . . the aims of links & letters are * to connect specialists and non specialists alike by making specialised disciplines accessible to an interdisciplinary public * to make complex areas simpler and more understandable * to be open to readers ' needs and ideas * to keep former students in touch with what 's going on in the academic world subscriptions : we welcome subscriptions at the following rate per issues 1 - 4 : 2000 ptas . ( $ 16 approx . ) , & 5 : 2700 ( $ 19 approx . ) per issue , mail charges not included . please write to links & letters ( subscriptions ) at the editor 's address or e-mail : ilfib @ cc . uab . es exchanges : we welcome institutional exchanges . enquiries should be addressed to links & letters ( exchanges ) at the above address , or e-mail : ilfib @ cc . uab . es
 "",0
 2131,""Subject: african language association of southern africa
  
  call for papers 10th international biennial conference of the african language association of southern africa general the african language association of southern africa ( alasa ) was established on 26 july 1979 at a special business meeting during the third africa languages congress of the university of south africa ( unisa ) . in 1999 , twenty years later , the department of african languages of unisa will have the privilege of hosting the 10th international biennial conference of the african language association of southern africa in pretoria , south africa . conference theme : new millennium - new paradigms papers papers on prevalent issues within the study of literature and linguistics in african languages are invited for presentation . papers should not exceed 20 minutes followed by 10 minutes for discussion . potential speakers are requested to submit a typed two page summary of the paper with enough detail to ensure acceptance after adjudication ; and an abstract of 150 to 200 words for publication purposes before 1 march 1999 . successful applicants will be notified in mid - april 1999 . receipt of all summaries and abstracts will be acknowledged . pre-conference tutorials on 5 and 6 july 1999 various pre-conference tutorials will take place . details will be announced . registration the closing date for early registration for the conference is 30 may 1999 . registration fees will be announced in january 1999 . accommodation accommodation will be available in reasonably priced technikon guest houses on the unisa campus , as well as in other guest houses and hotels in the vicinity . details will be given in january 1999 . second circular a second call for papers as well as more details on the programme , keynote speakers , social events , transport , fees payable and so forth , will be included in the second circular in january 1999 . if you wish to receive the second circular , please reply to the relevant address below before 15 december 1998 . sonja bosch ( alasa 99 ) department of african languages unisa po box 392 0003 pretoria south africa tel : + 27-12 - 429 8253 fax : + 27-12 - 429 3355 e-mail : boschse @ alpha . unisa . ac . za www . unisa . ac . za / alasa / index . html
 "",0
 2132,""Subject: sound patterns of spontaneous speech
  
  sposs sound patterns of spontaneous speech : production and perception aix en provence , france , 24-25 - 26 september 1998 the european speech communication association ( esca ) has identified the area of sound patterns of spontaneous speech as an important area of current research . an esca workshop is being organised in aix en provence with this focus . contributions should describe and explain spontaneous speech processes and their perception at the word , phrase and sentence level in a wide variety of languages . workshop theme : during the last decades , descriptions of spontaneous speech mainly focused on the reduction and assimilation of speech segments to adjacent segment . reduction and assimilatory processes of spontaneous speech are the products of gesture economy and physical constraints . they are also constrained by the phonetic , phonological , and prosodic specificities of languages and dialects . therefore , this workshop is aimed at contributing to the description and the understanding of the production and perception of spontaneous speech processes in various languages . the workshop will be centred around the following topics : - acoustic and articulatory analysis of spontaneous-speech processes - prosodic information and spontaneous-speech processes - perception of reduction and assimilatory processes - modelling format of the workshop : this will be an international workshop within a limited number of active participants , i . e . priority will be given to persons with accepted papers . each session will be introduced by a tutorial presentation by an invited expert . most papers will be presented in plenary sessions with time for demonstration and discussion . other papers will be presented in poster sessions followed by plenary discussions . workshop site : sposs will take place in a conference centre located in the area of aix en provence in ten minute ` s drive from aix en provence . bus transportation to and from the centre will be provided every day . detailed logistic information will be distributed to all registered participants . proceedings and languages : the contributions to the workshop will be published in a workshop proceedings which will be available to participants at the time of the workshop . as the new french law ( loi toubon ) requires , they will include french abstracts . the official languages of the workshop will be english and french . registration fees : the fee for the workshop , including proceedings , lunches , bus tranportation to and from the conference centre and the sposs reception is 1700 ff , with a 300 ff reduction for esca members . students with a certificate of their status will pay 750 ff with a 100 ff reduction for esca student members . registration for non - esca members includes a complementary membership for 1998 . important dates : march 31 , 1998 : preliminary registration and deadline for submission of title and abstract . may 15 , 1998 : notification of acceptance , imstructions for authors , information on accomodation . september 1 , 1998 : imperative deadline for early registration and for 4 page camera-ready paper . september 10 , 1998 : preliminary program e-mailed . september 24-25 - 26 : worshop . european speech communication association ( esca ) : esca is a non-profit organisation for promoting speech communication science and technology in a european context . a limited number of grants for participation is available . more information is available though : e-mail : esca @ icp . inpg . fr hrrp : / / ophale . icp . inpg . fr / esca / international scientific committee : andrew butcher ( aust ) olle engstrand ( sw ) wolfgang hess ( ger ) klaus kohler ( ger ) florien koopmans - van beinum ( ned ) bjorn lindblom ( sw ) joaquim llisterri ( sp ) francis nolan ( uk ) john ohala ( usa ) louis pols ( ned ) willy serniclaes ( bel ) jacqueline vaissiere ( fr ) organising committee : danielle duez , lpl bernard teston , lpl marie - helene casanova-rossi , lpl annie rival , lpl martin brousseau , lpl worshop secretariat : for all correspondence concerning the workshop , please use the following address : sposs att . danielle duez laboratoire parole et langage , cnrs esa-6057 universite de provence 29 , avenue robert shuman 13621 aix en provence france . phone : + 33 04 42 95 36 23 fax : + 33 04 42 59 50 96 e-mail : sposs @ lpl . univ-aix . fr furteher information will only be sent to ( preliminary ) registerd participants . updated information will also be available on : http : / / www . lpl . univ-aix . fr .
 "",0
 2133,""Subject: sle 31
  
  call for papers , sle 31 , st andrews , scotland , 26-30 august 1998 workshop on modality in generative grammar the description and analysis of modality is of central interest to the study of human language . modality interacts with many subsystems of syntax and a better understanding of modality would further our understanding of these subsystems greatly . the relevant subsystems play a role in the existing analyses of the epistemic-deontic dichotomy . this has been attributed to : ( i ) argument structure ( e . g . ross 1969 ) : epistemic modals are one-place predicates ( corresponding to raising verbs syntactically ) , whereas deontic modals are two-place predicates ( corresponding to control verbs syntactically ) . ( ii ) insertion position : epistemic modals are generated in i , deontic modals in v ( e . g . picallo 1990 ) . ( iii ) lf position : epistemic modals are in c , deontic modals in vp ( e . g . mcdowell 1987 ) . ( iv ) nature of the complement of a modal : a definite verbal complement with epistemic modals and an indefinite verbal complement with deontic modals ( e . g . barbiers 1995 ) . v ) pragmatics : the dichotomy is contextually determined and does not correspond to a syntactic difference ( kratzer 1989 ) . many questions still need to be answered before a sufficiently adequate analysis can be developed . as for argument structure , it should be asked what evidence we have that each modal has two different argument structures . if such evidence exists , are these argument structures represented in the lexicon , as in theta-theoretic accounts , or only syntactically ? related questions concern the categorial status of modals ( a special category aux in english , but main verbs in german and dutch ) , the selectional restrictions they impose on their complement ( semantically uniform , but not syntactically : only verbal complements in english , no categorial restrictions in dutch , verbal and certain prepositional complements in german and afrikaans ) . as for their syntactic position at surface structure or lf , we need to know more about the ( scopal ) interaction of modals with negation . it is clear that there is a tight connection between modality and negation / affirmation : many languages have a modal that behaves as an negative polarity item ( english ` need ' , german ` brauchen ' , dutch ` hoeven ' ) . a related issue is the interaction of modals with focus particles , especially those that have a negative or affirmative import , such as english ` only ' or french ` bien ' . it seems that such focus particles can alter the syntactic and semantic behaviour of modals . the ( scopal ) interaction of modals with other quantifiers and modals with question operators is also in need of a better description and analysis . it has been claimed that question formation and epistemic modality exclude each other . although this does not seem to hold in general , question formation and epistemic modality do seem to restrict each other in ways that are poorly understood . the interaction of modal verbs with modal adverbials is also relevant for the determination of the syntactic position of modals , particulary in view of cinque 's ( 1997 ) hypothesis that every sentence contains two modal projections that must be either filled by a modal adverbial in the specifier or by a modal verb in the head . many languages have a construction with ` have to ' or ` be to ' that involves a modal interpretation . such constructions do not generally have an epistemic interpretation ( but consider english ` he was never to see her again ' , dutch ` het is te verwachten dat . . . ' ` it is to be expected that . . . ' ) . there are a great many cross-linguistic peculiarities on this point , which are worth exploring . for example , one question is how this type of construction , lacking a visible modal element , yields a modal interpretation . there is a more general question concerning modality : which properties of modals are necessary for modality and which are accidental ? cross - linguistically , modals often have a irregular present tense inflection paradigm . it is unclear whether this is a necessary property of modals and if so , why . the fact that english modals are auxilaries but modals in other languages are not is presumably an accidental property , and so is the fact that english modals lack infinitives and participles in their paradigm , whereas dutch modals do have infinitival and participial forms ( except for the verb ` zullen ' ` will ' ) . as it seems that the bulk of generative studies of modality involves germanic languages , we particularly invite papers on modality in romance and central european languages . organizers : sjef barbiers ( leiden ) , frits beukema ( leiden ) , olga tomic ( novi sad ) , milena milojevic sheppard ( ljubljana ) , marija golden ( ljubljana ) . please submit abstract ( 1 a4 max ) to : professor olga miseska tomic bulevar avnoja 109 / iii , stan 16 beograd yu 11070 yugoslavija e - mail : efilb01 @ yubgss21 . bg . ac . yu & dr sjef barbiers hil / department of dutch studies p . n . van eyckhof 3 leiden , nl 2300 ra the netherlands e - mail : barbiers @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl & dr frits beukema hil / department of english p . n . van eyckhof 4 leiden , nl 2300 ra the netherlands e - mail : beukema @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl closing date for submission of abstract : 15 may 1998 date of acceptance / rejection of abstract : 1 july 1998
 "",0
 2134,""Subject: language and speech , vol 41 no 2
  
  language and speech volume 41 no 2 april - june 1998 the structure and development of french prosodic representations 117 claire gerard & juliette clement syntactic persistence in dutch 143 robert j . hartsuiker & herman h . j . kolk metrical segmentation in dutch : vowel quality or stress ? 185 hugo quene & mariette l . koster when can listeners detect disfluency in spontaneous speech ? 203 r . j . lickley & e . g . bard ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ heather b . king editorial assistant language and speech department of linguistics tel : ( + 44 ) 0131 - 650 3954 university of edinburgh fax : ( + 44 ) 0131 - 650 3962 adam ferguson building , george square e-mail : lgsp @ ling . ed . ac . uk edinburgh eh8 9ll , scotland , uk http : / / www . ling . ed . ac . uk / ~ lgsp ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
 "",0
 2135,""Subject: semantics ; a network theory of reference , kiyoshi ishikawa
  
  a network theory of reference kiyoshi ishikawa ( hosei university ) noting specific inadequacies with truth-conditional approaches , ishikawa develops a dynamic theory of reference incorporating features of discourse representation theory , file change semantics and situation semantics , and also deals with non-monotonic belief revision . he argues that the task of natural language semantics is to describe meaning in terms of the psychological relation of language to our cognition of external reality . in his approach , a linguistic expression 's meaning is its potential to change the information state of a cognitive agent . reference is not understood as a link to a real individual external to an agent , but as the agent 's act to link a character in a linguistic frame of individuation to characters in other ( linguistic or nonlinguistic ) frames . as the target of inquiry , the distinction between referential and attributive uses of definite descriptions is analyzed through the construction of conversation scenarios . in addition , ishikawa extends his theory to an analysis of belief and attitude reports . application of the theory to cleft and pseudocleft constructions is also outlined . presented in a very accessible style , ishikawa 's theory will be of interest to scholars in cognitive science / artificial intelligence and philosophy as well as linguistics . ( perfect - bound , 139 pp . ) prepaid orders by u . s . check or money order : $ 20 . 00 + p&h : $ 3 . 50 us , $ 5 . 00 can , $ 5 . 50 other . iulc publications , 720 e . atwater ave . , bloomington , in 47401 usa email < iulc @ indiana . edu > http : / / php . indiana . edu / ~ iulc /
 "",0
 2136,""Subject: kpelle dictionary , elizabeth grace winkler
  
  kpelle - english dictionary with english - kpelle glossary elizabeth grace winkler ( indiana university - bloomington ) this dictionary of kpelle as spoken in bong county , liberia was prepared with the assistance of clara jimmy - samba , a native speaker of the language . kpelle is part of the mande branch of the western sudanic subgroup of the niger congo family and is representative of mande languages in many ways , including the absence of noun class markers and the presence of five tonal melodies . as kplelle is not a written language , dictionary entries ( over 1 , 100 ) are given in phonetic transcription . also included are comments on the sound system and grammar of kpelle . prepaid orders by u . s . check or money order : $ 4 . 00 + p&h : $ 3 . 50 us , $ 5 . 00 can , $ 5 . 50 other . # 97101 , 101 pp . iulc publications , 720 e . atwater ave . , bloomington , in 47401 usa email < iulc @ indiana . edu > http : / / php . indiana . edu / ~ iulc /
 "",0
 2137,""Subject: first issue of language and linguistics
  
  language and linguistics issue 1 , 1998 studies in comparative linguistics edited by moha ennaji table des matires / contents moha ennaji introduction frederick newmeyer preposition stranding : parametric variation and pragmatics fatima sadiqi the syntactic nature and position of object clitics in berber mohamed khalil ennassiri is arabic a v2 language ? andrzej zaborski personal pronoun systems and their origin in some languages of ethiopia fouad brigui les rapports associatifs saussuriens : paradigmes ou syntagmes ? moubarak hanoune la pause en arabe et categories syntaxiques ( in arabic ) for further contact , please write to : professor moha ennaji e-mail : estry @ fesnet . net . ma fax : + 212 46 08 44 university of fes faculte des lettres 1 bp 50 fes morocco for more information about the new journal , please consult : http : / / www . fesnet . net . ma / lang-ling
 "",0
 2138,""Subject: silverman book review
  
  silverman , daniel . ( 1997 ) . phasing and recoverability . outstanding dissertations in linguistics series . new york : garland publishing . 242 pages . reviewed by stefan frisch , university of michigan . this book is a revised version of the author 's 1995 ucla dissertation . the primary thesis defended by silverman is that auditory salience plays an important role in explaining the typology of phonological segment inventories . the relative phasing of laryngeal and supralaryngeal gestures is examined as a case study . silverman demonstrates there is a typological preference for phasing patterns in which the gestures are optimally recoverable . further , he proposes that sub-optimal patterns are only found in inventories where the optimal patterns are also present . ( note that silverman does not crucially adopt the segment as a phonological primitive . he is concerned primarily with gestures and their realization in a system of syntagmatic contrasts . the terms 's egment ' and 's egment inventory ' are used only for expository convenience . ) synopsis : chapter 1 . introduction this chapter introduces the primary thesis : cross - linguistically , laryngeal and supralaryngeal gestures are phased to make their values maximally auditorily salient . silverman argues that parallel production of contrastive gestures is informationally optimal , but only if those gestures are auditorily recoverable . in cases where parallel production would make contrastive values unrecoverable , gestures are serially sequenced . for example , in aspirated stops , laryngeal abduction is sequences to follow the stop closure , resulting in broadband noise . if laryngeal abduction and stop closure were simultaneous , the state of the larynx would not be recoverable from the resulting acoustic signal ( silence ) . silverman also introduces the ' gestural score ' notation of articulatory phonology ( browman & goldstein , 1986 ) used in the description of the gestural patterns . each gestural score is accompanied by a set of temporally aligned descriptions of acoustic cues which highlight the importance of the recoverability of the gestures . the resulting segmental percept is also given , to highlight whether all of the contrastive segmental information has been effectively transmitted . using this notation , he exemplifies the four logically possible phasing patterns : parallel , sequenced , expanded , or truncated . in the parallel phasing pattern , two gestures are phased to be fully simultaneous . in the sequenced pattern , two gestures are serially ordered . in the expanded pattern , one gesture both begins before and ends after another . in the truncated pattern , one gesture is phased to be simultaneous with a portion ( beginning or end ) of another gesture . chapter 2 . previous work in this chapter , silverman reviews previous research on articulatory timing , auditory response to acoustic signals , and the relevance of auditory contrastiveness to segmental inventories . two results are of particular importance . first , a combination of auditory factors favor patterns where low intensity signals are followed by high intensity signals . second , languages employ contrasts which are maximally auditorily distinct . chapter 3 . obstruents and laryngeal gestures this chapter contains typological evidence to support silverman 's thesis . cross - linguistically , laryngeal gestures of abduction or constriction are overwhelmingly phased to follow supralaryngeal constriction , which maximizes the recoverability of both gestures . the sub-optimal pattern , where the laryngeal gesture precedes the stop release is found only when the optimal pattern is also present . for obstruents , which have a minimum of acoustic energy to work with , these are the only two phasing patterns . chapter 4 . sonorants and laryngeal gestures sonorants have a greater amount of acoustic energy , and so laryngeal gestures can overlap with supralaryngeal gestures . the most attested pattern , for languages which do have a laryngeal contrast for sonorants , is for the laryngeal gesture to be truncated to the beginning portion of the supralaryngeal gesture . parallel to the obstruent case , this phasing pattern puts the low-energy breathy or glottalized portion of the sonorant before the high-energy modally-voiced portion , maximizing auditory salience . again , the less optimal pattern truncates the laryngeal gesture to the latter portion of the supralaryngeal gesture . ordinarily , the laryngeal and supralaryngeal gestures are not completely overlapped , as contrastive supralaryngeal gestures ( such as nasal place of articulation , for example ) would be rendered non - recoverable . however , an interesting special case is found in laterals . due to the formant structure of laterals , languages generally do not have contrasts in their place of articulation . thus , in some cases ( e . g . zulu ) , contrastive laryngeal gestures are realized fully parallel with the supralaryngeal gesture . a similar pattern is found for coda nasals in comaltapec chinantec , where the place of articulation is contextually determined . in contrast to onset nasals , which have contrastive place of articulation , laryngeal abduction is realized in parallel with the supralaryngeal gesture in coda nasals and no contrasts are lost . chapter 5 . vowels and laryngeal gestures in this chapter , vowels with contrastive laryngeal gestures are discussed . silverman claims that , since vowels have an abundance of acoustic energy , laryngeal gestures can be implemented in parallel with supralaryngeal gestures without loss of auditory contrast . however , this pattern is auditorily the least optimal . like the sonorant case , the optimal pattern is for the laryngeal gesture to be truncated to the beginning portion of the vowel , resulting in ? v or hv sequences . less optimal is the opposite phasing pattern , resulting in v ? or vh . typologically hv is indeed much more prevalent than voiceless vowels or vh ( and similarly for laryngeal constriction ) . the bulk of the chapter ( and the book ) is devoted to ' laryngeally complex ' vowels in the otomanguean languages . the term larygeally complex is used for vowels which realize both contrastive phonation ( breathy or creaky ) and tone . one example , comaltapec chinantec , has eight vowel qualities with five tonal qualities and two voice qualities . in addition , this language has nasalization and a length contrast which leads to 320 possible realizations of the nucleus . not surprisingly , words in this language are generally monosyllabic , and nucleus quality is used to differentiate many of the lexical contrasts . silverman argues that simultaneous realization of breathiness / creakiness and tone would render the tone contrasts unrecoverable . the cross-linguistically prevalent pattern is for the laryngeal contrast to be truncated to the beginning of the vowel , which is auditorily optimal . the tone is then saliently realized during modal phonation in the latter portion of the vowel . the opposite sequencing , with the laryngeal after the tonal contrast ( and modal phonation ) is also attested . silverman finds only two cases where tonal and laryngeal contrasts are executed simultaneously ( the tibeto - burman languages mpi and tamang ) . in one of those cases , there are only two tones , so tonal contrasts may not be in as much danger , as the tones would be more distinct than in the case of comaltapec chinantec , with eight tones . critical evaluation : overall , this is an inspirational volume demonstrating the importance of auditory / phonetic explanation for phonological patterning . it is one of the first of a series of ucla dissertations on this topic , which together address a wide range of phonological phenomena . silverman 's analysis bridges the phonetics / phonology gap in a number of ways . for example , an arbitrary number of phasing differences , which might be dismissed as ' phonetic implementation ' , are shown to be reducible to a small set that can be phonologically contrastive . this reduction , via the more abstract temporal relationships of simultaneity and precedence , nicely complements work in speech perception on the cross-linguistic ( and cross-species ) robustness of the categorical perception of voice onset time continua ( kuhl & miller , 1975 ; pisoni , 1977 ) . to its credit , this book contains over a dozen reasonably detailed case studies on the realization of laryngeal contrasts in different languages . in many cases , recordings were available so the presence of the phasing relationships were verified , and spectrograms of appropriate examples are given . these case studies often address potential counterexamples to silverman 's typological claims . for example , the mon - khmer language chong possesses coda stops with contrastive creakiness , but creakiness is realized only in the non-optimal way as a pre-glottalized stop . in the chong case , however , other aspects of the morphophonology require the non-optimal realization to avoid loss of contrast . in particular , coda stops are obligatorily unreleased , and the language is non-suffixing . due to these additional constraints , post-glottalized phasing would not saliently encode the larygneal contrast . this type of constraint interaction is quite compatible with the general approach of optimality theory ( prince & smolensky , 1993 ) , and in fact the original version of this dissertation presented constraint tableau in such cases . the proposed constraints are quite broad and were informally described , so the optimality theoretic analysis did not add to the exposition , and the book reads more easily without it . despite the lack of a formalist analysis , this book raises a number of issues which are relevant to current formal concerns . in the otomanguean language copala trique there are different phasing relationships between vocalic and laryngeal gestures . the laryngeal gestures ( breathiness and creakiness ) can be truncated to the first portion of the vowel , the second portion of the vowel , or can ' interrupt ' the vowel , appearing in the middle . these three locations for a laryngeal gesture support lexical contrasts , and there is clear evidence that the interrupted vowels are monosyllabic . encoding these three configurations using more abstract representations than articulatory phonology is no trivial task . in addition , the correspondence theory approach to faithfulness considers segmentally aligned and ordered input and output ( mccarthy & prince , 1995 ) . the presence of relatively small but contrastive differences in phasing require subsegmental correspondence relations between the input and output . another missing aspect of an optimality theoretic analysis would be a factorial typology of constraint interactions . while silverman 's coverage is quite extensive , i would be interested in seeing a discussion of the pros and cons for each logical possibility in phasing between laryngeal and supralaryngeal gestures . such a discussion will eventually be needed in order to determine whether the silverman 's proposal is is truly predictive , or just informally defined to the extent that any observed pattern could be explained . in a few instances , silverman makes use of the upsid database of segmental inventories ( maddieson , 1986 ) to demonstrate that the typological predictions are satisfied . unfortunately , quantitative differences are not reported in most cases . while sufficient data may not be available , a quantitative analysis is desirable in order to address a current question in work on phonetic explanation for phonological patterns : are non-optimal patterns avoided to the degree that they are non-optimal ? in other words , is the hypothesized functional force of auditory recoverability transparently reflected in the patterns within and across languages , or is it ' phonologized ' in some way by the language learner such that there is no quantitative relationship ? the answer to this question has implications for the architecture of the phonetically grounded grammar , as quantitative constraints or quantitative constraint rankings would be required . this book touches on a number of other very important issues that should be topics of ongoing research . the central role of the recoverability of contrasts leads inevitably to the question : what is a contrast ? assuming the psychological reality of the segment provides a simple answer , but one which is not entirely correct . the three contrastive phasing relationships in copala trique are not amenable to a segmental analysis . in chong , a combination of coda unrelease and lack of suffixation is claimed to lead to pre-glottalized stops . this case is contrasted with korean , where there is some suffixation , and post-glottalized stops are maintained in that environment but neutralized elsewhere . i wonder how frequent the neutralizing environment must be before a non-optimal pattern becomes necessary or the contrast is lost ? why is n't the laryngeal gesture phased before the stop closure in the neutralizing environment , but after in the non-neutralizing environment ? perhaps some other constraint is involved here . in many of the case studies given , the simple syllable structure and monosyllabic tendencies of the languages are mentioned as reasons why complex and non-optimal phasing relations are found at all ( in most cases , the optimal recoverability of supralaryngeal gestures is found if contrastive laryngeal gestures are not used at all ) . this suggests that there is some minimal set of contrasts required to create a sufficient number of open class items for a language to be a useful communication system , and that differences in syllable structure , word length , and segmental inventory size interact in some fashion to this end . the answers to these deeper questions appear to be closer to our understanding when the phonological system is conceptualized as implied in this book , as a combinatorial system of articulatory / acoustic contrasts highly constrained by a variety of functional factors . references : browman , c . p . & goldstein , l . ( 1986 ) . towards an articulatory phonology . phonology yearbook 3 : 219-252 . kuhl , p . k . & miller , j . d . ( 1975 ) . speech perception by the chinchilla : voiced - voiceless distinction in alveolar plosive consonants . science 190 : 69-72 . mccarthy , j . j . & prince , a . ( 1995 ) . faithfulness and reduplicative identity . papers in optimality theory . university of massachusetts occasional papers 18 . amherst , ma : glsa . pp . 249-384 . pisoni , d . b . ( 1977 ) . identification and discrimination of the relative onset time of two component tones : implications for voicing perception in stops . journal of the acoustical society of america 61 : 1352-1361 . prince , a . & smolensky , p . ( 1993 ) . optimality theory : constraint interaction in generative phonology . rutgers university center for cognitive science technical reports 2 . new brunswick , nj : ruccs . reviewer : stefan frisch , language learning visiting research assistant professor , program in linguistics , university of michigan . ph . d . , northwestern university , 1996 . research interests include phonetics , phonology , psycholinguistics , and computational linguistics . reviewer 's address : stefan frisch program in linguistics university of michigan 1076 frieze building 105 s . state st . ann arbor , mi 48109-1285 safrisch @ umich . edu http : / / www-personal . umich . edu / ~ sfrisch
 "",0
 2139,""Subject: phonetics and phonology
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * announcing : chiphon ' 99 ' new syntheses : multidisciplinary approaches to basic units of speech ' friday , april 23 , 1999 , at the university of chicago presented by the workshop on theory and data in speech research , in conjunction with cls 35 invited speakers : john ohala , university of california , berkeley joseph perkell , massachusetts institute of technology * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * in phonetic and phonological analyses , linguists define primitive units to advance their understanding of linguistic structure . these units have generally been used as starting points by studies of speech processing . at the same time , alternative lines of research , such as studies of the physiology and neurophysiology of speech production and perception , contribute additional information to our understanding of the mental representations of speech . this panel seeks to synthesize findings from linguistics and other fields which investigate linguistic behavior , to determine whether these findings can be used as evidence for a unified theory of the units of speech processing . we invite papers which address questions such as the following : 1 ) how do speech processing units mediate between universal and language-specific information ? do they account for isolated forms and connected speech phenomena equally well ? 2 ) how closely do the primitive units assumed by linguists match those assumed by researchers in other fields ? what is the source of the differences ? 3 ) are the units used to account for speech production equally successful in accounting for speech perception ? 4 ) how does evidence for linguistic primitives from speech and hearing pathologies , speech perturbations , l1 and l2 acquisition , psycholinguistics , and connectionist modeling , or other related fields , contribute to the above questions ? for further information : http : / / cas . uchicago . edu / workshop55 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * submission information : please submit ten copies of a one-page , 500 - word , anonymous abstract for a twenty-minute paper ( optionally , one additional page for data and / or references may be appended ) , along with a 3 """" x 5 """" card with : 1 . your name 2 . affiliation 3 . address , phone number , and email address 4 . title of paper 5 . an indication that the paper is intended for the chiphon panel the abstract should be as specific as possible , and it should clearly indicate the data covered , outline arguments presented , and include any broader implications of the work . an individual may present at most one single and one co-authored paper . authors must submit a camera-ready copy of the paper at the time of the conference in order to be considered for publication . only a selection of papers presented at cls 35 will be published . deadline for receipt of abstracts is february 1 , 1999 . send abstracts to : chicago linguistic society 1010 e . 59th street chicago , il 60637 ( 773 ) 702-8529 information on email submission and additional guidelines for abstracts may be obtained by visiting the cls website at http : / / humanities . uchicago . edu / humanities / cls / cls . html , by writing to the above address , or via email from cls @ diderot . uchicago . edu . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",0
 2140,""Subject: pragmatics / extended deadline
  
  extended deadline - december 1 , 1998 : call for papers pragma99 international pragmatics conference on pragmatics and negotiation june 13-16 , 1999 tel aviv university and hebrew university of jerusalem tel aviv and jerusalem israel the main theme of this conference is the pragmatics of negotiation , interpreted in a very broad sense . interlocutors engage in negotiations about every aspect of their interaction - such as floor access and topic selection , contextual assumptions , conversational goals , and the ( mis ) interpretation and repair of their messages . topics such as cross-cultural and cross-gender ( mis ) communications , conversational procedures in disputes and collaborations , argumentation practices , and effects of assumptions and goals on the negotiating strategies of interlocutors are of special interest for this conference . the conference will be interdisciplinary , bringing together pragmaticists , linguists , philosophers , anthropologists , sociologists and political scientists . we are soliciting papers on all issues relevant to the theme of the conference , as well as papers in other areas of pragmatics and dialogue analysis . the conference will include plenary addresses , regular session lectures , and organized panels around any of the relevant topics . among the plenary speakers : elinor ochs ( ucla ) , itamar rabinovitch ( tel aviv university ) , emanual schegloff ( ucla ) , thomas schelling ( university of maryland ) , deborah schiffrin ( georgetown university ) , deborah tannen ( georgetown university ) , ruth wodak ( university of vienna ) . presentation of regular session lectures is 30 minutes long , with a subsequent discussion of 10 minutes . panels take the form of a series of closely related lectures on a specific topic , which may or may not be directly related to the special topic of the conference . they may consist of one , two or three units of 120 minutes . within each panel unit a maximum of four 20 - minute presentations are given consecutively , followed by a minimum of 30 minutes of discussion ( either devoted entirely to an open discussion , or taken up in part by comments by a discussant or discussants ) . panels are composed of contributions attracted by panel organizers , combined with individually submitted papers when judged appropriate by the program committee in consultation with the panel organizers . typically , written versions or extensive outlines of all panel contributions should be available before the conference to facilitate discussion . submissions abstracts for papers and panels should be submitted in the following format : 1 . for papers - five copies of an anonymous abstract ( up to 300 words ) . 2 . for panels - a preliminary proposal of one page , detailing title , area of interest , name of organizer ( s ) and invited participants to be sent by sept . 30 , 1998 . organizers of approved panels will then be invited to submit a full set of abstracts , including : a . a brief description of the topic area , b . a list of participants ( with full details , see below ) , c . abstracts by each of the participants by november 1 , 1998 . 3 . in all cases , a page stating : a . title , b . audiovisual / computer request , and c . for each author : i . full name and affiliation ; ii . current address ; iii . e - mail address ; iv . fax number . deadline for submission of abstracts : dec . 1 , 1998 . abstracts may be sent by hard copy , disk , or e-mail to pragma99 , faculty of humanities , tel aviv university , tel aviv 69978 , israel . e - mail : pragma99 @ post . tau . ac . il date of notification : march 1 , 1999 . program committee : mira ariel , hava bat - zeev shyldkrot , jonathan berg , anat biletzki , shoshana blum - kulka , marcelo dascal , nomi erteschik - shir , tamar katriel , ruth manor , george - elia sarfati , elda weizman , yael ziv . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = pragma99 registration form please send the following information , accompanied by cheque payable to tel - aviv university in the amount of us $ 75 if paid before november 1 , 1998 , otherwise us $ 100 , to pragma99 faculty of humanities tel aviv university tel aviv 69978 , israel dr . / mr . / mrs . / ms . / name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ university / organization : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( home ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( office ) telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( home ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( office ) signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ those wishing to pay by credit card should provide the following information : type of credit card : mastercard / visa / american express name as it appears on credit card : sum of paymnt : us $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card no . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ those wishing to present a paper should follow the instructions above . hotel information will be provided after registration . the international association for dialogue analysis is co-sponsoring a part of our conference , which will be devoted to """" negotiation as a dialogic concept . """" for further information , contact edda weigand ( e-mail : weigand @ uni-muenster . de ) . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = [ forms can also be returned by fax to 972 - 3-6407839 , or by e-mail to pragma99 @ post . tau . ac . il . ]
 "",0
 2141,""Subject: artificial intelligence
  
  k b c s-98 call for participation international conference on knowledge based computer systems national centre for software technology mumbai , india december 17-19 , 1998 the international conference on knowledge based computer systems will be held in mumbai , india during december 17-19 , 1998 . the conference is intended to act as a forum for promoting interaction among researchers in the field of artificial intelligence in india and abroad . there will be a two day conference during december 17-18 , 1998 followed by a day of post-conference tutorial on december 19 , 1998 . papers were submitted to the conference on the following topics . o ai applications o ai architectures o automatic programming o cognitive modeling o expert systems o foundations of ai o genetic algorithms o information retrieval o intelligent agents o intelligent tutoring systems o knowledge acquisition o knowledge management o knowledge representation o machine learning o machine translation o natural language processing o neural networks o planning and scheduling o reasoning o robotics o search techniques o speech processing o theorem proving o uncertainty handling o vision about 30 papers will be presented during the conference . post - conference tutorial the tutorial will be conducted on december 19 , 1998 at ncst , juhu , mumbai . o an introduction to information extraction - ( 11 am to 6 pm ) amit bagga , ge corporate r & d centre , usa programme committee s . ramani , ncst , mumbai ( chair ) r . uthurusamy , gmr labs , usa ( co - chair ) k . s . r . anjaneyulu , ncst , mumbai s . arunkumar , iit , mumbai amitava bagchi , iim , calcutta pushpak bhattacharya , iit , mumbai nick cercone , u of regina , canada b . b . chaudhuri , isi , calcutta r . chandrasekar , u of pennsylvania , usa s . k . goyal , gte labs , usa s . sen gupta , tata infotech , mumbai j . r . isaac , niit , new delhi aravind k . joshi , u of pennsylvania , usa h . n . mahabala , infosys , bangalore m . narasimha murthy , iisc , bangalore r . narasimhan , cmc , bangalore p . v . s . rao , tifr , mumbai p . saint - dizier , u of paul sabatier , france r . sangal , iit , kanpur m . vidyasagar , cair , bangalore organizing committee george arakal , ncst ( chair ) dhawal bhagwat , ncst s . karthik , ncst parag a . mahadane , ncst mandar padhye , ncst p . ravi prakash , ncst durgesh d . rao , ncst m . sasikumar , ncst puneet srivastava , ncst registration last date for registration is 11th december 1998 . on - site registration will be subject to availability of seats . all payments should be made by a crossed mumbai cheque or a demand draft , payable to kbcs-98 . fees conference students : rs 600 delegates from not-for - profit : rs 800 organisations other delegates : rs 1200 tutorials full day : rs 700 for further information please refer to the kbcs-98 home page or write to the kbcs-98 secretariat . address kbcs-98 secretariat phone : + 91 ( 22 ) 620 1606 national centre for software technology fax : + 91 ( 22 ) 621 0139 gulmohar cross rd no . 9 e - mail : kbcs @ konark . ncst . ernet . in juhu , mumbai 400 049 , india url : http : / / konark . ncst . ernet . in / ~ kbcs / kbcs98 /
 "",0
 2142,""Subject: language , interaction , and culture
  
  * * * * * * * * * * call for papers * * * * * * * * * * the center for language , interaction , and culture ( clic ) graduate student association at ucla and the language , interaction , and social organization ( liso ) graduate student association at ucsb issue its call for papers for the fifth annual conference on language , interaction , and culture to be held april 29 - may 1 , 1999 . this year 's conference will be hosted by the liso graduate student association at the university of california , santa barbara . plenary speaker : dr . don kulick dr . kulick will also lead a pre-conference workshop for graduate students . registration information will be forthcoming . submissions should address topics at the intersection of language , interaction , and culture and would preferably be based on recorded , spontaneous interaction . they must be hard copy and should include : ( 1 ) a detachable title page that includes ( a ) the title of the paper , ( b ) the author 's name , affiliation , postal address , e-mail address , and phone number , ( c ) a list of equipment needed for the presentation ; and ( 2 ) six copies of a 500 - 1 , 000 word extended abstract of the paper . no information identifying the author may appear in the abstract . three copies of submitted abstracts must be received no later than friday , february 5 , 1999 . liso is an ongoing seminar group at the university of california , santa barbara , whose members share an interest in the analysis of recorded social interaction through various approaches , including conversation analysis , interactional sociolinguistics , and functional linguistics . liso is composed of faculty and graduate students from linguistics , sociology , and education , among other departments . clic is located at the university of california , los angeles . the purpose of clic is to promote cross-disciplinary discussion about issues regarding language as a complex resource for thinking and acting in the world . clic is composed of faculty and graduate students from anthropology , applied linguistics , education , psychology , and sociology . submissions not received in triplicate or not received by the deadline will not be considered . further questions can be addressed via e-mail to clic @ ucla . edu or harbison @ cats . ucsc . edu . all submissions should be mailed to : liso graduate student association university of california , santa barbara department of sociology 2834 ellison hall santa barbara , ca 93106-3100
 "",0
 2143,""Subject: theoretical , descriptive , and applied linguistics
  
  call for papers : last announcement kentucky foreign language conference linguistics sessions the 52nd annual kentucky foreign language conference will be held april 22-24 , 1999 , at the university of kentucky in lexington . the conference will include sessions devoted to all aspects of theoretical and descriptive linguistics , sociolinguistics , and applied linguistics . if you wish to present a paper in one of these sessions , send two copies of a one page abstract to prof . anna bosch , 1215 patterson office tower , university of kentucky , lexington , ky 40506-0027 . alternatively , send your abstract by email to : bosch @ pop . uky . edu . ( email submissions are encouraged . ) please include the following information with your abstract : name , affiliation , address , email address , daytime phone . the deadline for submission of abstracts is monday , november 16 , 1998 . authors will be notified about the conference schedule in mid - december . web page : www . uky . edu / artssciences / kflc
 "",0
 2144,""Subject: chinese dialectology
  
  yuen ren society for the promotion of chinese dialect fieldwork annual conference saturday , 6 march 1999 submissions are now being accepted for a conference to be held on saturday , 6 march 1999 , at rutgers university in new jersey . the society welcomes presentations of a non-formalist character on any aspect of hann chinese dialectology , including original field reports , comparative-historical studies , linguistic geography and contact , sociolinguistics , and taxonomy . presentations on any aspect of chinese dialects or their social context are welcome , but please note that the society favors presentations that include abundant evidence , in the form of either dialect data or other explicit documentation as appropriate . papers may be delivered in english or mandarin chinese . to submit a paper , please send a detailed abstract to one of the addresses below . deadline for submitting abstracts is : 31 december , 1998 . we expect to accept only ten papers in all . the yuen ren society is devoted to the practice of descriptive dialect fieldwork , and especially welcomes reports on little-known dialects . david prager branner r . vanness simmons c / o yuen ren society c / o east asian languages & cultures 440 riverside drive , # 73 330 scott hall new york , ny 10027-6831 usa rutgers university new brunswick , nj 08901-1164 usa fax : ( 212 ) 865-5507 fax : ( 732 ) 932-7926 email : < yuen . ren . society @ bigfoot . com > < rsimmon @ rci . rutgers . edu > or < charmii @ bigfoot . com >
 "",0
 2145,""Subject: review : scobbie : autosegmental representation
  
  scobbie , james m . ( 1997 ) autosegmental representation in a declarative constraint - based framework , garland press , new york . [ revision of 1991 phd dissertation , university of edinburgh ] [ * ] michael hammond university of arizona jim scobbie 's dissertation , recently published in the outstanding dissertations in linguistics series through garland press , is an excellent example of a pre - optimality - theory attempt at a constraint-based phonology that has received insufficient attention in the phonological community . this is extremely unfortunate , as the thesis makes a number of interesting proposals that are well worth considering today . the dissertation is not in the usual vein of american phonology theses . it 's not an in-depth analysis of some particular array of data . rather , it appears to fit a much more european template , with more attention paid to placing the author 's proposal in the context of previous ideas . despite this very different approach , there is much to recommend it . the general hypothesis pursued is that phonological generalizations and representations are best cast as attribute-value structures . these formal devices are drawn from the hpsg ( head - driven phrase - structure grammar ) literature ( pollard & sag , 1987 ) . the basic idea is that dominance is expressed as something roughly equivalent to a featural distinction . for example , in a standard phonological representation the fact that a vowel might be high is expressed by assigning the vowel a ' + ' for a feature [ high ] , e . g . [ + high ] . expressed in attribute-value formalism , the attribute [ high ] has the value ' + ' . hpsg goes one step further and encodes dominance in the same fashion . thus , the fact that a syllable has a [ + high ] nucleus is expressed by positing a nucleus attribute for a syllable element and then allowing the nucleus attribute to itself have [ + high ] as an attribute-value pair . ( 1 ) the formal object above denotes a syllable with a [ + high ] nucleus . ( i ' ve indicated irrelevant information with ellipses . ) in the context of these representations , scobbie 's central claim is that autosegmental association can be formalized as dominance in an attribute-value structure . phonological representations also encode linear order , but in scobbie 's theory , linear order is formalized only for root nodes ( and is indicated with indices ) . a string of segments would then be represented as a set of indexed root matrices , essentially of the following sort . ( 2 ) indices are ordered by the relation immediate precedence ' ' . [ 1 ] with these structures , scobbie goes further and suggests that phonological rules should be traded in for constraints . these constraints , he suggests , are formally indistinct from the representations they apply to . ( a rather similar position has been advanced in ot . see russell , 1995 and hammond , to appear . ) for example , a generalization excluding mid nasal vowels would be expressed as follows . ( 3 ) such an expression rules out an element which is simultaneously specified [ - low ] , [ - high ] , and [ + nasal ] . constraints do n't actually """" apply """" to representations . rather , scobbie proposes , constraints are unified with representations . unification allows to representations to meld , just so long as they do n't conflict . for example , a representation consisting solely of ifferent elements . for example , the index variables below indicate that the two matrices share the token value for a , but merely share the type value for b . ( 6 ) scobbie develops this formalism in a number of ways . first , he argues that representations like the one above are subject to what he calls the sharing constraint ( p . 93 ) . ( 7 ) sharing constraint if a structure is dominated by two paths of type p with indices i and j , where , then for every index n where there is a path dominating m . the immediate effect of this is to rule out cases where noncontiguous root elements share a token value . scobbie argues that the evidence for such cases is weak . ( cf . a very similar proposal in archangeli & pulleyblank , 1994 . ) a more interesting consequence is that scobbie uses this constraint in an attempt to derive the no - crossing constraint ( ncc ) , part of goldsmith 's ( 1976 ) more general well - formedness condition on autosegmental representations . this is the constraint that rules out crossing autosegmental association lines . sagey ( 1986 ; 1988 ) first proposes to derive the ncc from a treatment of autosegmental association as overlap . however , hammond ( 1988 ) argues that this notion is formally problematic proposing a different characterization of association as a transitive , irreflexive , and asymmetric relation . hammond 's approach , however , does not derive the ncc without stipulation . scobbie 's approach also involves an asymmetric characterization of association ( as dominance ) , but does derive the ncc . scobbie 's derivation of the ncc is based on the assumption that there are no contour values . that is , while two different root nodes might share a value token as in the second picture below , one root node cannot bear two different values , as in the first picture below ( where """" s """" indicates a segment or root node and """" t """" indicates a tone or value token ) . ( 8 ) this is a necessary position given his formalization of sequencing : only root nodes bear an index for linear position ; nonroot tokens are unsequenced . ( a similar position is developed in heiberg , in prep . ) were contour values to be allowed , there would be no way to distinguish their ordering . on the other hand , when two root nodes share a value , their ordering is distinguished in terms of indices , as in ( 6 ) . the upshot of the prohibition on contours is that violations of the ncc can only arise when there is an independent sharing violation . that is , ncc violations look like ( 9 ) , and ( 9 ) necessarily includes a sharing violation . ( 9 ) this is a very nice result , but comes at the cost of i ) ruling out discontinuous association , and ii ) excluding contour values . scobbie also argues that his approach allows him to derive the phenomenon of geminate integrity ( hayes , 1986 ; schein & steriade , 1986 ) . the basic idea of geminate integrity is that geminates resist epenthesis . ( see guerssel , 1977 ; 1978 for an early treatment and suh , 1997 for a recent proposal . ) the standard account of this is that geminates resist epenthesis because the result would entail crossing association lines , and a violation of the ncc , as in ( 9 ) above . the problem with this , as noted by scobbie and others as well , is that if the epenthetic vowel is featureless ( 10 ) or inserted on another tier ( 11 ) , then no violation of the ncc occurs . ( 10 ) ( 11 ) scobbie 's own proposal is simple and direct . epenthesis into a geminate structure results in a violation of sharing , regardless whether the epenthetic vowel has features or whether its features might appear on some other tier . scobbie goes on to consider the possibility that geminate inalterability might also follow from the sharing constraint , but here his proposal is a lot more speculative . the basic idea pursued is that geminate inalterability results from default rules . the problem is that scobbie does n't really offer a clear proposal on the nature of default rules . on the face of it , they would seem to be a glaring problem for the monotonic theory he proposes . in his final substantive chapter , scobbie treats the problem of long-distance association , as in , e . g . arabic verbal morphology . he offers some well-taken criticisms of the traditional autosegmental approach , but does not really offer an explicit declarative counterproposal . in sum , this book is well worth reading . it offers a very interesting alternative constraint-based view of phonology with much to recommend it . on the other hand , there are a number of unresolved questions . what about floating segments ? scobbie speculates on this , but offers no satisfying solution . as noted above , contour segments are also ruled out , though the evidence for these in the tonal domain is unimpeachable . [ 3 ] references archangeli , d . & d . pulleyblank ( 1994 ) grounded phonology , mit press , cambridge . bird , s . ( 1995 ) computational phonology , cambridge university press , cambridge . goldsmith , j . ( 1976 ) autosegmental phonology , doctoral dissertation , mit . guerssel , m . ( 1977 ) """" constraints on phonological rules """" , linguistic analysis 3 , 267-181 . guerssel , m . ( 1978 ) """" a condition on assimilation rules """" , linguistic analysis 4 , 225-254 . hammond , m . ( 1988 ) """" on deriving the well - formedness condition """" , li 19 , 319-325 . hammond , m . ( to appear ) """" there is no lexicon ! """" , coyote papers . hayes , b . ( 1986 ) """" inalterability in cv phonology """" , language 62 , 321-351 . heiberg , a . ( in prep ) doctoral dissertation , u . of arizona . pollard , c . & i . sag ( 1987 ) information - based syntax and phonology , volume 1 , csli 13 . russell , k . ( 1995 ) """" morphemes and candidates in optimality theory """" , ms . , u . of manitoba , roa . sagey , e . ( 1986 ) the representation of features and relations in non - linear phonology , doctoral dissertation , mit . sagey , e . ( 1988 ) """" on the ill-formedness of crossing association lines """" , li 19 , 109-118 . schein , b . & d . steriade ( 1986 ) """" on geminates """" , li 17 , 691-744 . suh , c . - k . ( 1997 ) consonant geminates : towards a theory of integrity and inalterability , doctoral dissertation , u . of arizona . [ * ] thanks to jim scobbie for useful discussion . any misinterpretations , lapses , or other errors are my own . [ 1 ] though as scobbie ( p . c . ) points out , ordering these with precedence instead will allow for a treatment of epenthesis , morphological intercalation , and the like . [ 2 ] my expository characterization is procedural , but of course , unification is not formally so . [ 3 ] a number of similar ideas are developed in bird ( 1995 ) .
 "",0
 2146,""Subject: discourse studies
  
  first announcement and call for papers . . . . . discourse studies . interdisciplinary journal for the study of text and talk editor : teun a . van dijk ( university of amsterdam ) a new journal edited by teun van dijk entitled discourse studies is due for publication in february 1999 . this multidisciplinary forum will publish outstanding work on the structures and strategies of written and spoken discourse , reviewed by an internationally renowned editorial board . while contributing to new developments at the cutting edge of theory and method , its articles will also be accessible to students and other newcomers to each area of specialization . although intended as a broadly conceived forum for the best international work on discourse in any field and specialization , discourse studies will especially focus on cross-disciplinary studies of text and talk in linguistics , anthropology , ethnomethodology , cognitive and social psychology , communication studies and law . articles that specifically deal with critical socio-political issues are especially welcome in sage 's companion journal discourse & society . call for papers as from april 1998 , high quality papers that fall within the scope and meet the criteria outlined above are welcome . please contact the editor : teun @ let . uva . nl ( for any other information contact louise harnby at sage publications : louise . harnby @ sagepub . co . uk )
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 2147,""Subject: the evaluation of parsing systems
  
  the evaluation of parsing systems a workshop jointly organised by the cec language engineering 1 projects sparkle and ecran to be held at the first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 26 may 1998 this workshop will provide a forum for researchers interested in the development and evaluation of natural language grammars and parsing systems , and in the creation of syntactically annotated reference corpora . organisers : john carroll , roberto basili , nicoletta calzolari , robert gaizauskas , gregory grefenstette workshop scope and aims the aim of this workshop is to provide a forum for discussion of evaluation methods for parsing systems , and proposals for the development of syntactically annotated language resources . with increased attention to evaluation of component technology in language engineering , evaluation of parsing systems is rapidly becoming a key issue . numerous methods have been proposed and while one , the parseval / penn treebank scheme , has gained wide usage , this has to some extent been due to the absence of workable alternatives rather than to whole-hearted support . parseval / ptb evaluation has several limitations and drawbacks , including a commitment to a particular style of grammatical analysis , and oversensitivity to certain innocuous types of misanalysis while failing to penalise other common types of more serious mistake . also , the original published description of the scheme - - and the evaluation software widely distributed as a follow-up to it - - is specific to the english language . it may be that there are currently no alternative more workable schemes or proposals , but this needs to be more fully discussed : this workshop will provide an opportunity for such a debate . this workshop is particularly timely given the large number of cec language engineering projects that involve parsing in one form or another and which need to evaluate and share the results of their efforts . parsing is an essential part of many larger applications , such as information extraction , which have gained in importance over the last few years . often in such systems , the strength of the parser and grammar has a direct effect on the desired results , and thus achieving good results rests on being able to determine and improve weaknesses in the parser / grammar . without a reliable parser evaluation method this cannot be done effectively . a parsing evaluation workshop is also appropriate at this time given the imminent creation of large-scale syntactically annotated resources for european languages . contributions from those involved in such activities are welcomed , so as to improve communication between the resource construction and the resource utilisation communities . this should ensure that the resources constructed are maximally useful to the general language engineering community . the organisation of this workshop brings together two european language engineering projects which are closely related and whose partners share similar research interests : sparkle and ecran . the organisers solicit contributions from the general community on the following topics : - descriptions of generic syntactic annotation schemes - methodologies and metrics for parsing system evaluation - reports and analyses of the results of utilising particular parser evaluation schemes - description / analysis / experience of language-dependent ( especially for languages other than english ) and task-dependent syntactic annotation schemes programme committee roberto basili gregory grefenstette ted briscoe mark hepple nicoletta calzolari tony mcenery john carroll maria teresa pazienza roberta catizone paola velardi robert gaizauskas yorick wilks paper submission papers should not exceed 4000 words or 10 pages . submission may be in either hard copy or electronic form . the submission deadline is february 15th , 1998 . hard copy submission : three copies of the paper should be sent to : dr john carroll cognitive and computing sciences university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh uk electronic submission : electronic submission may be in either self-contained latex , postscript , or rtf formats , to john . carroll @ cogs . susx . ac . uk . for each submission - - whether hard copy or electronic - - a separate plain ascii text email message should be sent to john carroll , containing the following information : # name : name of first author # title : title of the paper # pages : number of pages # note : any relevant instructions # keys : keywords # email : email of the first author # abstr : abstract of the paper . . . . . . important dates paper submission deadline ( hard copy / electronic ) february 15th notification of acceptance march 10th camera - ready papers due april 10th workshop may 26th conference information general information about the conference is at : < http : / / www . icp . inpg . fr / elra / conflre . html > see < http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra . html > for information on local arrangements specific queries about the conference should be directed to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain tel : + 34 58 24 41 00 - fax : + 34 58 24 41 04 reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es
 "",0
 2148,""Subject: minority languages in contex . diversity & standardisation
  
  minority languages in contex . diversity and standardisation call for papers ( deadline 16th febuary 1998 ) congress to be held in chur , switzerland - 21st - 23rd september 1998 organising committee : anna - alice dazzi - gross , mike makosch , lorenza mondada , jean - fran \ 231ois de pietro themes addressed by the congress the aim of the congress is to stimulate the study and discussion of contextual dimensions within which minority languages are spoken , shared and taught . the congress will provide a forum for the exchange and discussion of descriptive and comparative reports from a variety of regional and national settings including those in switzerland . the contexts within which minority languages evolve can be described from differing points of view along a continuum between two opposing poles . at one end of the continuum lay attempts to achieve stability and homogeneity which are usually articulated through projects aiming at the planning and normalisation of minority languages in order to present these codes as having equal status to adjacent majority languages . at the other end of the continuum we find destabilisation and heterogeneity observable at points of contact and overlap between minority and majority languages and often leading to hybrid forms which challenge traditional notions of linguistic code . these two poles involve a variety of actors and agents of differing social and institutional status , all exercising varying degrees of influence on the language situation in question . the congress will address three thematic areas highlighting the full range of this continuum . 1 : standardisation of minority languages 2 : minority and majority languages : coexistence , relationships and overlap . 3 : minority languages at school scientific and practical organization the thematic development of each day will take place in a series of parallel sessions run by those having responded to the call for papers and whose contribution has been accepted by the scientific committee . two types of session are foreseen : * papers : 20 minutes presentation followed by 20 minutes discussion * workshops : 90 minutes within which data and / or hypotheses can be presented , analysed and discussed in an interactive way responses to the call for papers should be sent to the scientific committee ( c / o l . mondada , romanisches seminar , university of basle , stapfelberg 7 / 9 , ch 4051 basle ) deadlines : response to call for papers : 16th febuary 1998 notification of acceptance by the scientific committee : 31st march 1998 definitive programme to be sent by : 30th june 1998 enrolment fees : speakers : sfr . 50 . - ( including dinner on tuesday evening and the published congress proceedings ) participants : paid by 30 . 4 . 1998 paid after 30 . 4 . 1998 students sfr . 50 . - - sfr . 70 . - vals members sfr . 80 . - - sfr . 110 . - non-members sfr . 100 . - - sfr . 130 . - ( including the published congress proceedings ) dinner on tuesday evening : sfr . 50 . - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you can send an abstract or ask further informations to : lorenza mondada , romanisches seminar , university of basle , stapfelberg 7 / 9 , ch 4051 basle , fax 0041-61 - 261 . 61 . 41 , email : mondada @ ubaclu . unibas . ch _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
 "",0
 2149,""Subject: ecml ' 98 tanlps workshop : first call for paper
  
  ecml-98 workshop : first call for papers ecml-98 workshop : towards adaptive nlp - driven systems : linguistic information , learning methods and applications organized by : r . basili , m . t . pazienza ( university of roma , tor vergata ) , italy since most of the applications , from syntactic to semantic , are lexicon driven , systematic and reliable acquisition on a large scale of linguistic information is the real challenge to natural language processing ( nlp ) . empiricist view on natural language processing and learning has become recently more attractive for a wider research community : computational linguistics , artificial intelligence , psychology then seemed to converge on a specific data-oriented perspective aiming to overcome the traditional knowledge acquisition bottleneck . it has been often noted that the limited attention paid by the machine learning community to text and speech data seems unjustified . it is thus more and more evident that empirical learning of natural language processing ( nlp ) can alleviate the nlp main problem by means of a variety of methods for the automatic induction of lexical knowledge . lexical knowledge is often hard to compile by hand , and even harder to port and reuse . nlp application systems have still a low impact on real world problems , mainly due to the costs related to reusability and customization of the required lexicons . in particular changes in the domain , causes changes in the lexical information required in the underlying natural language . empirical , symbolic machine learning methods can be perfectly suited for this task like automatic acquisition and adaptation of this klnowledge . rule induction , symbolic approaches to clustering , lazy learning , and inductive logic programming , have been already proposed by a growing community that is entering the challenge for theoretical ( i . e . methodological ) and application purposes a variety of techniques seems to be combined in order to successfully design realistic inductive systems for text processing : the target of this research are methodological and design principles for systems combining linguistic and lexical learning capabilities for large scale language processing tasks . this is what we mean with adaptive nlp - driven systems . within this research enterprise , some issues can favour a sinergistic process between nlp and ml areas : the access to large data sets , that are even increasing over time , due to the telematics facilities available nowaday ; extending the set of typical classes of ml problems to other hard cases ( particularly dense in the nlp processes ) ; adding inductive capabilities to nlp system for tasks related to specific applications ( i . e . information extraction ) . the proposed workshop is thus aiming to stimulate reasearch and discussion on the following aspects : - establishing results and evidencies on the suitability of different ml paradigms on specific levels of representation of lexical knowledge ( morphology , syntax , linguistic inference among others ) - comparison of the quantitative approaches to lexical acquisition with empirical symbolic methods - stimulating discussion on cognitive perspective of some models within a plausible architecture for language processing and learning - establishing results on the applicability of the extracted / induce knowledge within nlp systems , with respect to assessed evaluation criteria , typical of the ml and language engineering ( le ) area - case studies on adaptive nlp systems , i . e . effective nlp systems integrating linguistic inferences with inductive capabilities ( www kb at cmu , ecran ) , - critical review of existing experiences on adaptive nlp systems - establishing guidelines for an evaluation framework of adaptive nlp systems : accuracy of the linguistic process , robustness of the induction process , . . . - promote cooperation among research groups in europe and usa to exchange ideas , data and tools for design and experiment architectures for adaptive nlp systems workshop format : the workshop is expected to cover the whole day . in the first session , a part from an invited talk , we expect to cover methodological issues . papers related to advanced research on suitability of learning paradigms for the different target lexical information will be favoured . prototypical examples in this area are studies on empirical learning of tasks like pos tagging , induction of grammatical information , symbolic learning of word sense disambiguation criteria and lexical semantic information . a panel discussion is expected to close the morning session and focus on principles of suitability for learning paradigms vs . lexical levels . in the second half of the day we expect to stimulate partecipants to cover application areas , like ir and ie , by a couple of invited talks on existing adaptive systems as a basis for presenting novel aspects on integration of nlp capabilities with learning from experience ( examples , errors , performance ) . a set of at least other 3 or 4 papers is expected to concentrate on original research works that we know are currently under development in several reasearch centres in europe ( sheffield university , tilburg , rome tor vergata and torino university ) . a panel discussion on the implication of the adaptive paradigm on existing and potential nlp systems will close the workshop . program committee r . basili ( university of roma , tor vergata , italy ) m . craven ( carnegie mellon university , usa ) w . daelemans ( university of tilburg , nederlands ) m . t . pazienza ( university of roma , tor vergata , italy ) l . saitta ( university of torino , italy ) c . samuelssonn ( bell labs , at&t , usa ) y . wilks ( university of sheffield , uk ) paper submission : = = = = = = = = = = = = papers should not exceed 3000 words or 6 pages hard copy submission : three copies of the paper should be sent to : roberto basili department of computer science , systems and production university of roma , tor vergata via di tor vergata 00133 roma ( italy ) e-mail : basili @ info . utovrm . it electronic submission : electronic submission may be in either self-contained postscript or rtf formats , to basili @ info . utovrm . it for each submission - - whether hard copy or electronic - - a separate plain ascii text email message should be sent to roberto basili , containing the following information : # name : name of first author # title : title of the paper # pages : number of pages # files : name of file ( if attachments are submitted electronically ) # note : any relevant instructions # keys : keywords # email : email of the first author # abstr : abstract of the paper . . . . . . timetable : workshop announcement and call for papers : 5 january 1998 papers due : 15 february 1998 notification of acceptance : 5 march 1998 final version due : 25 march 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - roberto basili department of computer science , systems and production university of roma , tor vergata via di tor vergata 00133 roma ( italy ) e-mail : basili @ info . utovrm . it tel : + 39 - 6 - 7259 7391 fax : + 39 - 6 - 7259 7460 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",0
 2150,""Subject: anthropological linguistics , vol . 40 , no . 3
  
  * * anthropological linguistics , volume 40 , number 3 ( fall 1998 ) * * contents a case of taboo - motivated lexical replacement in the indigenous languages of the caucasus , kevin tuite and wolfgang schulze the barbacoan languages of colombia and ecuador , timothy jowan curnow and anthony j . liddicoat language maintenance on the alabama - coushatta reservation , helena halmari palikur and the typology of classifiers , alexandra y . aikhenvald and diana green obituary frank t . siebert , jr . ( 1912-1998 ) , ives goddard bibliography of frank t . siebert , jr . book reviews phonologies of asia and africa ( including the caucasus ) ( alan s . kaye , editor , and peter t . daniels , technical advisor ) , michael kenstowicz nigerian pidgin ( nicholas g . faraclas ) , philip a . noss grammaticalization of the complex sentence : a case study in chadic ( zygmunt frajzyngier ) , gerrit j . dimmendaal lushootseed texts : an introduction to puget salish narrative aesthetics ( crisca bierwert , editor ) , timothy montler comparative eskimo dictionary with aleut cognates ( michael fortescue , steven jacobson , and lawrence kaplan , editors ) , jonathan david bobaljik sounds like life : sound - symbolic grammar , performance and cognition in pastaza quechua ( janis b . nuckolls ) , rosaleen howard-malverde the making of language ( mike beaken ) , derek bickerton language history , language change , and language relationship : an introduction to historical and comparative linguistics ( hans henrich hock and brian d . joseph ) , mary niepokuj the rulings of the night : an ethnography of nepalese shaman oral texts ( gregory g . maskarinec ) , john leavitt language , power , and ideology in brunei darussalam ( geoffrey c . gunn ) , peter w . martin * * * * * * * annual subscription rates ( for 4 issues ) : $ 30 for u . s . individuals ; $ 38 for non - u . s . individuals ; $ 65 for u . s . institutions ; $ 75 for non - u . s . institutions . payment should be in u . s . funds by check or postal money order made payable to anthropological linguistics . visa and mastercard are also accepted . subscriptions and inquires should be sent to : anthropological linguistics , student building 130 ( c ) , indiana university , bloomington , in 47405 usa ; fax : ( 812 ) 855-7529 ; e-mail : < anthling @ indiana . edu > . for abstracts and more information , visit our website at : < http : / / www . indiana . edu / ~ anthling >
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 2151,""Subject: speaking through the silence , laine a . berman
  
  speaking through the silence : narratives , social conventions , and power in java laine a . berman , school of australian and international studies , deakin university uncovering the structures and functions of conversational narratives uttered within natural social networks , laine berman shows how working-class javanese women discursively construct identity and meaning within the rigid constraints of an hierarchical social order . she does this by identifying the silences , the """" unsaid """" , and by revealing both the structure and function of silence in terms of its indexical reference to local meaning . it is here that the force of the javanese language as used in everyday interaction shows itself to be an extremely potent philosophical entity as well as a means of social control . thus , at least in regard to the urban poor , the book boldly questions the difference between traditional definitions of javanese elegance and oppression . this study will contribute to our understanding of the social consequences of language use , to the linguistic knowledge of indonesia and java , and to such basic linguistic issues as narrative structure and function , speech levels and styles , and indexicality features . ( oxford studies in anthropological linguistics 19 ) october 1998 276 pp . ; 8 halftones 0-19 - 510888 - 4 $ 65 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
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 2152,""Subject: a minimalist approach to intrasentential code switching , jeff macswan
  
  macswan , jeff ; a minimalist approach to intrasentential code switching ; 0-8153 - 3274 - 2 , cloth ; pages 329 , $ 71 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this book explores the consequences of chomsky 's minimalist program for the data of bilingual language mixture . in the model developed , lexical items may be drawn from the lexicon of either language to introduce features into the numeration which must be checked for convergence in the same way as monolingual features must be checked ( or must not """" mismatch """" ) . the author 's proposed disjunction theorem further provides that code switching is impossible in the computation n ' since the rule ordering ( or constraint ranking ) associated with the phonological component is not preserved under union ( code switching ) . an extensive discussion shows that the analyses of previous """" constraint-oriented """" proposals may be derived from the basic feature-checking apparatus of this system . an original corpus of spanish - nahuatl code switching data is additionally presented . the work also discusses applied issues in bilingualism , touching upon assessment , tracking of minority-language students , and notions of bilingual competence and attributed language """" deficits . """" here the author contends that code switchers are exquisitely sensitive to extremely subtle requirements of both their languages , just as monolinguals are sensitive to theirs . this book will be of interest to scholars in linguistics , bilingualism , and language education . e - mail : info @ garland . com
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 2153,""Subject: social science and conversation analysis , harvey sacks
  
  harvey sacks : social science and conversation analysis david silverman , goldsmiths college , london """" harvey sacks , as the say , was an original . david silverman provides a thoughtful , lucid account of his penetrating work . i urge anyone concerned with occuring speech to read this book . one 's sense of how to interpret what is said will be changed . even if one does not adopt the approach , one will have an essential landmark and reference point to inform what one does oneself . """" - - dell hymes , university of virginia """" david silverman is to be thanked for leading the novice and the expert through the complex , heretofore underground corpus of harvey sacks 's work . finally , the social science community can study and learn from sacks 's pathbreaking studies of talk and conversational analysis . the social science community in the field of everyday life studies owes silverman a great debt . """" - - norman k . denzin , university of illinois this is the first book-length introduction to the work of harvey sacks , a highly influential sociologist who prior to his tragic death in 1975 developed the theories that came to be known as conversation analysis and ethnomethodology - - theories that have grown to become extremely popular within linguistics , sociology , psychology and anthropology . this volume should be of interest to both students and scholars of conversation analysis and sacks ' work . october 1998 232 pp . 0-19 - 521473 - 0 paper $ 19 . 95 0-19 - 521472 - 2 cloth $ 39 . 95 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
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 2154,""Subject: pragmatics of conditional marking , scott a . schwenter
  
  schwenter , scott a . ; pragmatics of conditional marking : implicature , scalarity , and exclusivity ; 0-8153 - 3309 - 9 , cloth ; pages 275 , $ 63 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this study examines the meaning of prototypical conditional-sentence markers like english if and spanish si from a primarily pragmatic perspective . it argues that the sense of """" hypotheticality """" often associated with the encoded semantics of such markers is actually a pragmatic conversational implicature that is cancelable in certain discourse contexts . the analysis therefore redraws in radical fashion the semantics-pragmatics boundary as it applies to the meaning of conditional markers . a number of key implications are presented in detail . first , it is shown that """" factual """" if-clauses , typically considered anomalous despite their frequent occurrence in many types of discourse , fall out from the predictions made by the pragmatic view of conditional marker meaning . second , it is demonstrated that the """" hypotheticality """" implicature interacts with the well-known implicature of conditional perfection , and that this interaction allows one to predict when """" biconditional """" readings of simple conditionals will and will not arise . more generally , the model of meaning developed in this book permits clear links to be made between conditionality and other conceptual domains , such as adversativity and scalarity . these links are examined in chapters 4 and 5 using declarative-sentence uses of spanish si as the empirical testing ground . this book will be of interest to linguists working in semantics and pragmatics , discourse analysis , and hispanic linguistics . it will also appeal to scholars interested in the interface between communication and cognition . e - mail : info @ garland . com
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 2155,""Subject: phrase structures in competition : variation and change in old eng
  
  pintzuk , susan ; phrase structures in competition : variation and change in old english word order ; 0-8153 - 3269 - 6 , cloth ; pages 285 , $ 63 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this book investigates variation and change in old english word order , with special emphasis on the position of the verb . it is argued that variation in surface word order is primarily a reflex of synchronic variation in underlying structure , head-initial vs . head-final . in particular , variation in the position of the verb is best explained by an analysis of competing head-initial and head-final structure within both vp and ip , with obligatory movement of the finite verb to i . together with processes of postposition , cliticization , and further verb movement from i to c in a restricted set of exceptional clause types , this derives the attested word order patterns of old english . the verb-second phenomenon in old english can then be seen to involve verb movement to clause-medial i in both main and subordinate clauses , as in yiddish and icelandic , rather than verb movement to c in main clauses only , as in german and dutch . the structural analysis is proposed on the basis of standard distributional tests used in formal syntactic theory . this structural analysis is then further supported by quantitative evidence using methodology adapted from sociolinguistic approaches to language variation and change . it is demonstrated that the frequency of i - initial structure increases during the old english period at the same rate in both main and subordinate clauses , supporting the hypothesis of identical structures and processes in the two clause types . this book with be of interest to scholars in the areas of old english syntax , germanic syntax , and syntactic variation and change . e - mail : info @ garland . com
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 2156,""Subject: second language learning theories , r . mitchell and f . myles
  
  second language learning theories rosamond mitchell and florence myles , both at university of southampton this text presents an accessible and concise overview of the most current theories and approaches of second language learning . it provides an up-to - date introduction to the key concepts and issues , as well as a brief history of this area of research . written for students coming to the study of linguistics for the first time , the book covers a wide range of approaches , including linguistic , cognitive , and social . ( an arnold publication ) october 1998 240 pp . ; 21 linecuts 0-340 - 66312 - x paper $ 19 . 95 0-340 - 66311 - 1 cloth $ 60 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
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 2157,""Subject: uci working papers in linguistics , vol 4 , 1998
  
  irvine linguistics students association ( ilsa ) is pleased to announce the publication of uci working papers in linguistics volume 4 ( 1998 ) . : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : uci working papers in linguistics , volume 4 ( 1998 ) . edited by hidehito hoshi articles appearing in the fourth volume are : brian agbayani : chain types and optionality naomi harada : toward a restrictive theory of parameters : interactions between functional and lexical categories hidehito hoshi : overt case features and """" bare np """" - movement toru ishii : islands and movement types murat kural : verb movementin english and morphological transparency chen - sheng liu : parallelism and economy kazue takeda : single consonant reduplication and causative formation in kammu sze - wing tang : bare and not - so - bare small clauses : evidence from japanese us $ 14 , plus shipping and handling : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : also available : uci dissertations in linguistics brian agbayani ( 1998 ) . feature attraction and category movement griffith , teresa a ( 1996 ) . projecting transitivity and agreement ikawa , hajime ( 1996 ) . overt movement as a reflex of morphology ishii , toru ( 1997 ) . an asymmetry in the composition of phrase structure and its consequences li , xiaoguang ( 1997 ) . deriving distributivity in mandarin chinese takano , yuji ( 1996 ) . movement and parametric variation in syntax tang , sze - wing ( 1998 ) . parametrization of features in syntax zoerner , cyril edward ( 1995 ) . coordination : the syntax of &p us $ 14 each , plus shipping and handling : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : uci working papers in linguistics , volume 3 ( 1997 ) . edited by luther chen - sheng liu and kazue takeda articles appearing in the third volume are : brian agbayani : category raising , adjunction , and minimality lisa lai - shen cheng : """" partial """" wh - movement naoki fukui : attract and the a - over - a principle toru ishii : the """" crossing """" constraint and the minimal link condition luther chen - sheng liu : light verb and accusative - ing gerund in taiwanese yuji takano : scrambling and partial object shift kazue takeda : a note on locality of category movement and feature movement sze - wing tang : the parametric approach to the resultative construction in chinese and english miyoko yashui : identification of ellipses and other empty categories us $ 14 , plus shipping and handling uci working papers in linguistics , volume 2 : proceedings of the south western optimality theory workshop ( swot ii ) . edited by brian agbayani and naomi harada us $ 12 , plus shipping and handling uci working papers in linguistics , volume 1 . edited by brian agbayani , kazue takeda and sze - wing tang us $ 12 , plus shipping and handling shipping and handling ( per item ) domestic : $ 4 ; canada : $ 6 ; mexico : $ 7 ( airmail ) , $ 5 ( surface ) ; elsewhere : $ 12 ( airmail ) , $ 7 ( surface ) * international shipping and handling rates are subject to the numbers of items ordered and location . please contact < ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu > in ordering more than one item from abroad . prepayment required . please make checks or money orders payable to ' ilsa-asuci ' . we cannot accept credit card payment . payment must be in us funds , drawn on a us bank . please allow 4 - 6 weeks for delivery . send order form and payment to : irvine linguistics students association , school of social sciences , university of california , irvine , irvine , ca 92697 , u . s . a . please address inquires to ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu order form customer information name : street address : city , province / state : country , zip code : telephone number : e - mail : item quantity price per item total uciwpl - 1 $ 12 $ uciwpl - 2 $ 12 $ uciwpl - 3 $ 14 $ uciwpl - 4 $ 14 $ agbayani $ 14 $ griffith $ 14 $ ikawa $ 14 $ ishii $ 14 $ li $ 14 $ takano $ 14 $ tang $ 14 $ zoerner $ 14 $ shipping : $ total : $ for more information about uci working papers in linguistics and uci dissertations in linguistics , please contact < ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu > or see ilsa 's homepage < http : / / www . socsci . uci . edu / ling / ilsa / ilsahp . html > . tables of contents of uciwpl and abstracts of ucidl are available in ilsa 's homepage . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ irvine linguistics students association ( ilsa ) school of social sciences university of california , irvine irvine , ca 92697-5100 , u . s . a . ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu http : / / www . socsci . uci . edu / ling / ilsa / ilsahp . html
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 2158,""Subject: functional phonology , paul boersma
  
  new from holland academic graphics : functional phonology . formalizing the interactions between articulatory and perceptual drives by paul boersma in functional phonology , paul boersma develops a theory that seeks to explain and describe the data of the languages of the world from general capabilities of human motor behaviour and perception . by separating the roles of the articulation and the audition of speech sounds , it predicts and clarifies generalizations about the organization of human speech , and solves several outstanding controversial phonological issues . providing a synthesis between the """" phonetic """" and """" phonological """" standpoints , the theory of functional phonology expresses explanatory functional principles like the minimization of articulatory effort and the minimization of perceptual confusion directly in a descriptive formal grammar , and offers a typologically and empirically adequate alternative to generative theories of autosegmental phonology and feature geometry . the subjects covered in this book include articulation and perception models , constraint-based accounts of phonetic implementation , the acquisition of articulatory and perceptual phonological feature values , an algorithm for learning stochastic grammars , the construction of phoneme inventories , circular optimization in sound change , and a determination of the fundamental principles that underlie the surface phenomena sometimes ascribed to the primitive phonological operations of spreading and the obligatory contour principle . this book will appeal to phonologists interested in the possibility that the grammar directly reflects common principles of efficient and effective communication , to phoneticians interested in the idea that phonetic explanations can be expressed as constraint interactions in a formal grammar , and to any linguist interested in the innateness debate . contents : introduction part i . representations 1 . representations and features 2 . articulation model 3 . acoustical simulation 4 . perception models 5 . test of the articulation model part ii . constraints 6 . functional optimality theory 7 . articulatory constraints 8 . perceptual contrast and faithfulness 10 . acoustical faithfulness 11 . typology and the local-ranking hypothesis 12 . corespondence 13 . degrees of specification part iii . grammar 14 . learning a production grammar 15 . how we learn variation , optionality and probability 16 . inventories 17 . sound change 18 . the obligatory contour principle 19 . spreading 20 . conclusion 1998 . xii + 494 pp . isbn 90 5569 054 6 . paperback . [ lot international series 11 . ifott / university of amsterdam dissertation . ] price for individuals ordering directly from hag : nlg 66 . 00 ( excl . p&p and vat ) . holland academic graphics , the hague < http : / / www . hagpub . com > .
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 2159,""Subject: causal connectives have presuppositions , luuk lagerwerf
  
  newly available from holland academic graphics causal connectives have presuppositions effects on coherence and discourse structure by luuk lagerwerf this book is a detailed study of the discourse semantic properties of causal connectives and their presuppositions . the interpretation process of connectives like although and because , and their dutch counterparts , will be followed from the recognition of subtle meaning differences of a connective used in different contexts , an explanation for these differences in terms of presuppositions , an analysis of the way these presuppositions manipulate lexical knowledge to infer causal coherence relations and the effect of these coherence relations on antecedents of propositional anaphors in discourse structure . contents : 1 . introduction 2 . causal and contrastive relations 3 . presuppositions for causal connectives 4 . inference and enforcement 5 . causality in discourse structure 6 . conclusion 1998 . viii + 254 pp . isbn : 90 5569 053 8 . paperback . [ lot international series 10 . cls / tilburg university dissertation . ] price for individuals ordering directly from the publisher : nlg 41 . 20 ( excl . p&p ) . the hague , holland academic graphics : http : / / www . hagpub . com .
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 2160,""Subject: book review
  
  gopnik , alison and andrew n . meltzoff ( 1997 ) words , thoughts and theories . cambridge : mit press . 268 pages . $ 14 ( paperback ) reviewd by laura wagner , university of massachusetts . gopnik and meltzoff ( g&m ) have written a book that is full of ideas and information . they are interested in what our representations of the world look like and they are pushing the view they call the theory theory : that our representations are organized around theories . more than that , they argue that children 's representations of the world are also organized around theories and that developmental changes children undergo are in fact changes in their theories . even more than that , they argue that the theory revisions that children make are of precisely the same type as scientific theory revisions . that is , the difference between a 9 month old and an 18 month old is essentially the same as that between a newtonian physicist and an einsteinian physicist : they possess qualitatively different theories of how the world works . the use of """" words """" in the title refers to two claims that g&m make : one , that children 's early vocabulary reflects technical notions in their theory du jour and two , that linguistic elements can act as part of the evidence children use in theory building . the book is divided into three sections , in addition to the introduction and conclusion . the first section addresses the theoretical commitments of the theory theory and relates it other theories of cognitive organization and development . the second section examines three domains of knowledge for evidence of children 's changing theories . the third section has a neo - whorfian flavor and addresses the question of how different languages could effect children 's theory-building . part 1 : the theory theory in this section , g&m face head on what is certainly the most difficult of their claims to swallow , namely that children 's early theories about the world are qualitatively the same as scientific theories and subject to revision in the same ways . while acknowledging that there are many differences between the ways scientists and infants operate , they nevertheless maintain that they both construct the same sorts of theories in the same ways . the theories of both are abstract and general , and therefore provide a means for making predictions in a variety of domains . both groups are concerned with the match of the theory to the world and will maintain a theory only as long as the evidence supports it . when evidence mounts against a theory , the theory holder goes into a transitional state , actively seeking out new sorts of evidence , conducting experiments and developing new technical vocabulary as they settle into a new and better theory . one of g&m 's strong claims is that the standard adult theory ( the so-called """" folk-physics """" and """" folk-psychology """" , e . g . ) is in principle open to revision ; it was developed in response to inadequate child theories of the world , and , as with all scientific theories , it too will be revised , if the need arises . the second chapter in this section compares the theory theory to two other prominent cognitive models , modularity and empirical generalizations ( e . g . , scripts , connectionism ) . g&m do not present the theory theory as a substitute for either of these models completely but as taking over some roles from each . thus , with respect to modularity , the theory theory accounts well for many central cognitive processes and some of the less perceptually oriented modular processes ; with respect to empirical generalizations , the theory theory is better equipped to deal with things like causal linkages and can provide a deeper level of explanation in general , but such generalizations may still form an important basis for the creation of theories . part 2 : evidence for the theory theory part 2 consists of three chapters which each take on a different knowledge domain and show how the theory theory can explain children 's development in these areas . chapter 4 deals with children 's theories of appearances and addresses children 's development with respect to object permanence . chapter 5 takes on children 's theories of action and causality with animate and inanimate things . chapter 5 addresses children 's developing theories of natural kinds . each chapter discusses what the adult theory in each of these domains looks like and then marshals experimental evidence that demonstrates what the infant 's initial theory looks like and what subsequent revisions to their theory the children make . in each domain , they argue that children make crucial theory changes around the ages of 9 months and again around the age of 18 months . g&m report the results from many experiments ( a large number of them conducted by g and / or m themselves ) which amply illustrate that children 's competence in these domains changes ( and improves ) with age . this experimental evidence is at times augmented with anecdotal accounts of how infants affectively interact with different tasks at different ages . g&m are looking for scientific behavior from these children and it is therefore important not only that children can pass more tasks as they get older ( and their theories get better ) but that they view the tasks differently as they get older . they point to examples of emotional consternation that infants show around the time that their theories are putatively changing . thus , a 15 month old will fail to find an object that has been secretly moved to a new hiding place but will be unperturbed by her failure ; a 21 month old will find the object in the new place but will be unimpressed by her own success . an 18 month old , however , is both deeply disturbed when she fails ( and by the structure of the task as a whole ) but is joyful with success . g&m argue that such affective differences reflect something like the blase-ness of normal science compared to the eureka moments that mark a theory in change . with respect to linguistics , one of the claims from these chapters is that early utterances may correspond to technical vocabulary of newly formed theories . g&m 's arguments are particularly intriguing with respect to performative utterances , such as """" gone """" and """" uhoh """" which are quite frequent in the speech of 18 month olds but have been largely ignored in language acquisition studies . they claim that , for example , the emergence of the word """" gone """" in child speech is closely linked with children 's ability to solve an invisible displacement task ( when an object is secretly moved to a new hiding place ) . """" gone """" indicates an object that is out of sight for any reason , and it is in effect a technical term , reflecting a concept in the infant 's new theory . part 3 : language and thought in the previous chapters , the kinds of evidence that g&m suggested were driving theory formation and revision arose primarily from children 's interactions with objects , actions and people in the world . in this chapter , g&m note that language itself is part of the child 's world and different languages could in principle provide different kinds of evidence . since the children 's theories are not innately given but are presumed to be constructed on the basis of the evidence they get from the world , different kinds of linguistic evidence could lead to different theories , or at least to different rates of theory formation . they find support for the effects of language in theory building in a series of longitudinal , crosslinguistic studies looking at children acquiring korean and english . they do not cover the experiments in detail , but the gist of them appears to be that korean is more verb-centric while english is more noun-centric and this linguistic difference translates into korean children developing their theories of action more quickly than their english counterparts , who for their turn , develop their theories of natural kinds more quickly than the korean children . evaluation despite the fact that the theory theory informs an active psychological research program , this book is primarily a book of philosophy . thus , the results from a large number of experimental investigations are discussed but no one experiment is discussed in sufficient detail to be critically evaluated . any reader not already well acquainted with the cognitive developmental literature may find themselves somewhat confused ( and perhaps somewhat unconvinced ) about how g&m are able to draw the conclusions that they do from the experiments reported . this problem might have been remedied to some extent by detailed explanations of one or two experiments that could act as representative examples and the use of diagrams depicting the sorts of tasks used to test infants . a few more diagrams and / or summary tables would have been helpful in general . the theory theory is dynamic in form and g&m trace two or three theory changes within three different knowledge domains . the critical point about theory change comes through clearly , but many of the details get lost in the mass of information ; a summary table describing the different theories ( and perhaps the evidence that leads to theory revision ) would have been a useful reference . although g&m devote an entire chapter to persuading the reader that infant theory development and scientific theory development are the same , ultimately this argument remains unconvincing and the insistence on this point throughout the book has the effect of lessening the force of their claims , rather than strengthening them . there are many reasons to be skeptical of the link between the two sets of theory builders but i think the most compelling reason to reject their argument is that it seems to do a grave injustice to the entrenchment of our folk-scientific reasoning . in a nutshell , our adult folk-science is a stable level of knowledge and may not , even in principle , be subject to revision . g&m try to argue against this powerful intuition in two ways . first , they point to the fact that science has moved beyond our folk theories , so those theories can't be the last word in what is true . while i agree that einsteinian physics is probably more true ( i . e . , a better model of the world ) than my own folk-physics , i ' m still stuck with my inadequate theory . g&m appeal to the division of knowledge-labor to claim that the theory really has changed at a societal level , but that only highlights the fact that for the common person , our folk-science is unrevisable . g&m 's second argument that our folk-science is open to revision is that we can imagine a world that would require a different theory , and they frequently invoke the tv show star trek as illustrating such a world . this fantasy argument leaves me entirely cold , partially because i have no strong intuitions ( as g&m seem to ) about , for example , the status of objects in a star trek transporter beam , and partially because i believe that they are placing far to heavy a burden on a piece of popular fiction . it should be noted , however , that rejecting the most extreme of g&m 's claims does not fundamentally undermine their arguments that knowledge is organized around theories and that developmental change reflects changes in children 's theories . even if children 's theories are not of the same type as scientific theories , analyzing our knowledge in terms of some kind of theory and children 's development as some form of theory change is still a very intriguing and compelling perspective to take . in sum , g&m have raised a number of extremely interesting questions about the nature of knowledge representation , the nature of theories , the nature of cognitive development and the relationship of language to cognitive development . they offer the theory theory as a way to address these questions and , although one might not believe that the theory theory actually has the answers , it is certainly an important view in the debate . reviewed by laura wagner , department of psychology , university of massachusetts - amherst . my research centers on children 's acquisition of tense and aspect .
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 2161,""Subject: association for computational linguistics
  
  call for tutorial proposals the acl ' 99 ( association for computational linguistics , 1999 ) program committee invites proposals for the tutorial program for acl ' 99 , to be held at the university of maryland , college park , md , usa , june 20 - - 26 , 1999 . the tutorials for acl ' 99 will be held on june 20th . each tutorial should be well-focused so that its core content can be covered in a three hour tutorial slot ( including a 30 minute break ) . in exceptional cases , 6 - hour tutorial slots are possible as well . there will be space and time for at most four three-hour tutorials . submission details proposals for tutorials should contain : * a title and brief ( < 500 word ) content description of the tutorial topic . * the names , postal addresses , phone numbers , and email addresses of the tutorial speakers , with one-paragraph statement of the speaker 's ( s ' ) research interests and areas of expertise . * any special requirements for technical needs ( computer infrastructure , etc . ) proposals should be submitted by electronic mail , in plain ascii ( iso8859 - 1 ) text as soon as possible , but no later than december 18th , 1998 . the subject line should be : """" acl 99 tutorial proposal """" . please note : proposals will not be accepted by regular mail or fax . please submit your proposals and any inquiries to : richard sproat , acl ' 99 tutorials chair bell laboratories , lucent technologies 600 mountain avenue , murray hill , nj 07974 usa rws @ research . bell-labs . com practical arrangements accepted tutorial speakers must provide descriptions of their tutorials for inclusion in the conference registration material by march 1 , 1999 . the description must be provided in three formats : a latex version that fits onto 1 / 2 page ; an ascii ( iso8859 - 1 ) version that can be included with the email announcement ; an html version that can be included on the conference home page . tutorial speakers will provide tutorial materials , at least containing copies of the overhead sheets used , by may 1 , 1999 . finances : the current acl policy is that tutorials are reimbursed at the following rate : $ 500 per session plus $ 25 per registrant in the range 21-50 plus $ 15 per registrant in excess of 50 . note that this is per tutorial , not per presenter : multiple presenters will split the proceeds , the default assumption being an even split . the acl does not usually cover travel expenses except where the presenter ( s ) cannot get them through the usual mechanisms : for acl members we assume that they would be coming to the meeting anyway . for people who are not acl members , we would expect to pay for costs that they cannot get reimbursed elsewhere . important dates submission deadline for tutorial proposal : 18 dec 1998 notification of acceptance of tutorial proposal : 28 dec 1998 tutorial descriptions due to tutorial chair : 1 mar 1999 tutorial course material due to tutorial chair : 1 may 1999 tutorials date : 20 june 1999
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 2162,""Subject: workshop on semi - lexical heads
  
  * * call for papers * * workshop on semi-lexical heads tilburg university , thursday 20 may and friday 21 may 1999 invited speakers : joseph emonds ( university of durham ) hubert haider ( university of salzburg ) elisabeth loebel ( university of cologne ) semi-lexical heads the distinction between lexical / major categories , on the one hand , and functional / minor / grammatical categories , on the other , is at the heart of present-day grammatical theory , but plays an equally central role in theories on language acquisition , code switching , aphasia , etcetera . in the course of time , various diagnostic criteria have been proposed which distinguish the one class from the other : e . g . productivity , distribution , lack versus presence of semantic content . although for certain clear-cut cases ( e . g . the distinction between noun and determiner ) , this distinction is quite straightforward , there are many lexical items for which it is less easy to decide whether they side with the lexical categories or with the functional ones . the category p is a well-known case of uncertainty . although it seems less functional in a sense than a determiner , it is more """" grammatical """" than n , v and a . some people have argued that a distinction should be made within the class of prepositions between the lexical ones and the grammatical or functional ones ( cf . van riemsdijk 1990 ; zwarts 1992 ) this gradualness on the lexical-functional """" scale """" is characteristic of other categories as well and is reminiscent of ross 's ( 1972 ; 1973 ) notion of squish , which refers to degrees of nouniness ( or verbiness ) of syntactic categories . emonds ( 1985 ) speaks bout grammatical nouns , verbs , adjectives and prepositions , and also refers to them as disguised lexical categories . another appropriate term would be semi-lexical heads , i . e . heads which are hybrid in the sense that they display both lexical and functional / grammatical characteristics . what kinds of lexical items might possibly be considered semi-lexical ? for the nominal domain , emonds ( 1985 ) refers to such items as the pro-form """" one """" in """" the good ones """" , reflexive """" self """" ( cf . """" selves """" ) , and """" thing """" as it occurs in """" something good """" . classifiers and quantity-designating nominals in pseudopartitive constructions like """" three grains of sand """" might be considered semi-lexical as well . within the verbal domain , semi-lexical candidates might arguably be : auxiliary verbs ( see emonds 85 for this claim ) , certain verbs featuring in verb clusters in germanic verb raising constructions , verbs in serialization constructions , etcetera . within the adjectival domain , one might take such quantifiers as """" many """" , """" few """" , """" much """" as instances of semi-lexical adjectives . the above is just a brief sketch of potential semi-lexical heads . presumably , there are many more . here are some of the more concrete questions that might arise in the study of semi-lexical heads : v what types of semi-lexical nouns , verbs , adjectives and prepositions can be distinguished ? what distinguishes them from truly lexical categories and in what sense are they different from truly grammatical functors ? is this distinction expressed in terms of their lexical feature-composition , and if so , what features are involved ? what is their assembling property ; i . e . how do they combine in syntactic structure and how do they project syntactically ? are they involved in idiosyncratic displacement phenomenona , and if so , what feature of the semi-lexical head triggers this ? what is the licensing function of semi-lexical heads ? what makes them interpretable at the interface levels ? also from a diachronic point of view , the question arises how lexical heads develop gradually into semi-lexical ones . is there cross-linguistic variation in the range of semi-lexical heads and if so , what does this variation reside in ? besides the question of how semi-lexical heads behave in the syntactic component , questions arise about their behavior in other components : are there morphological processes characteristic of semi-lexical heads ? as concerns the lexicon , the question arises how they are stored in the lexicon and what distinguishes their lexical entry from that of truly lexical categories . abstracts : abstracts are invited for 30 minutes talks ( with an additional ten minutes for discussion ) . abstracts should be anonymous , and should be no longer than two pages , including references and examples , with margins of at least 1 - inch , font size 11 / 12 . submissions are limited to a maximum of one individual and one joint abstract per author . please provide 5 anonymous abstracts and one camera-ready original containing title , author 's name and affiliation . submissions by e-mail or fax can be accepted , provided a camera-ready original is received within one week after the deadline . a separate card should contain the title of the paper , author 's name , affiliation , address , telephone number and e-mail address . we have the intention to publish ( a selection of ) the papers . we expect to be able to partially reimburse you for travel and / or vhotel expenses , but precise figures are not available as yet . * * * * * * * * * * * deadline for receipt of abstracts : monday 1 february , 1999 . abstracts should be sent to the following address : norbert corver grammar models group department of linguistics tilburg university p . o . box 90153 5000 le tilburg the netherlands phone : + 31 13 4662773 e - mail : secretariaat . gm . fdl @ kub . nl fax : + 31-13 - 4663110 organizing committee : norbert corver & henk van riemsdijk information about accommodation and travel information will be made available at the grammar models web site , which is accessible at : http : / / cwis . kub . nl / ~ fdl / research / gm / conf . htm
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 2163,""Subject: cognitive linguistics 9 : 2 ( 1998 ) , 9 : 3 ( 1998 )
  
  cognitive linguistics volume 9 : 2 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york alan cienki . . . . . . . . . . . . straight : an image schema and its metaphorical extensions william croft . . . . . . . . . . linguistic evidence and mental representations squibs joseph hilferty , javier valenzuela and oscar vilarroya . . . . . . . . paradox lost david kemmerer . . . . . . . . . is syntax based on spatial image schemas in the inferior parietal cortex ? evidence against deane 's parietal hypothesis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cognitive linguistics volume 9 : 3 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york mira ariel . . . . . . . . . . the linguistic status of the ` here and now ' juergen bohnemeyer . . temporal reference from a radical pragmatics perspective . why yucatec does not need to express ` after ' and ` before ' scott k . lidell . . . . . grounded blends , gestures , and conceptual shifts book reviews susanne niemeyer . . . . friedrich ungerer and hans - joerg schmid , an intro - duction to cognitive linguistics pieter a . m . seuren . . bernd kortmann , adverbial subordination : a typology and history of adverbial subordinators based on european languages _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de this and further publications can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
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 2164,""Subject: koyra chiini ( songhay languages / west africa )
  
  jeffrey heath a grammar of koyra chiini the songhay of timbuktu 1998 . 24 x 16 cm . xvi , 453 pages . cloth dm 298 , - / approx . us $ 186 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 016285 - 7 mouton grammar library 19 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this volume presents the first grammar in english of a language of the songhay family of west africa . a sharp typological boundary separates koyra chiini in the timbuktu area from other songhay languages of west africa , including koroboro senni of nearby gao . for example , koyra chiini differs from these other languages in its basic constituent order ( vo ) and in its syntax of focalization and relativization ( extraction with zero traces ) . since the phonology is fairly simple , this grammar emphasizes grammatical categories and morphosyntax . topics covered in depth include pronominal categories , logophorics , np conjunction , instrumentals , aspect , the subjunctive mood , the ` all ' quantifier , serial verbs , focalization , discourse-functional particles , and relativization . there is a concluding chapter on topics in spatio-temporal and lexical semantics . though the main grammar is based squarely on the timbuktu variety , there is a short appendix on dialects farther upriver , and a long appendix on djenne chiini , a remarkable offshoot of koyra chiini spoken in the songhay enclave city of djenne . djenne chiini has seven vowel qualities to koyra chiini 's five , and has a different syntax based on in situ rather than extracted focalization and relativization . this comparative material is of special importance in that koyra chiini ( and djenne chiini ) are possible semi-creolized songhay varieties dating from the westward expansion of the songhay empire ( capital : gao ) of the late middle ages . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
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 2165,""Subject: the collected works of bronislaw pilsudski
  
  alfred f . majewicz ( editor ) the collected works of bronislaw pilsudski volume 1 . the aborigines of sakhalin 1998 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xviii , 792 pages cloth dm 478 , - / approx . us $ 299 . 00 trends in linguistics . documentation 15 - 1 volume 2 . materials for the study of the ainu language and folklore ( cracow 1912 ) 1998 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xiv , 872 pages cloth dm 498 , - / approx . us $ 311 . 00 trends in linguistics . documentation 15 - 2 these two volumes open the edition of the collected works of bronislaw pilsudski , an eminent self-made scholar , whom history has proved to have been one of the most remarkable explorers of the languages and cultures of the small aboriginal peoples inhabiting the island of sakhalin and the adjacent lower amur region at the turn of the twentieth century : the sakhalin ainu , nivhgu ( gilyaks ) , oroks , olchas , and nanais . pilsudski , hardly leaving any important aspect of their life untouched , presents a versatile and incomparable image of the spiritual and material world of communities long since extinct . a small part of pilsudski 's works , written in languages ranging from german , french , and english to russian , polish and japanese appeared in small , local periodicals now constituting bibliographical rarities retrieved . for the most part , however , his writings have remained unpublished up to the present day . conceived under the auspices of the international commitee for the restoration and assessment of the work of bronislaw pilsudski ( icrap ) , this edition reconstructs pilsudski 's invaluable contribution to the humanities . at the same time it presents a reconstruction of the world of the sakhalin natives which has been absorbed by the past . volume 1 : the aborigines of sakhalin . this volume contains translations into english of the polish , russian and japanese material on , for example , the history , folklore , economic life , shamanism , sexual life , medical anthropology , and the bear festival which has been published between 1898 and 1936 , mainly in local journals which are hardly accessible today . english , french and german articles appear in the original language . volume 2 : materials for the study of the ainu language and folklore ( cracow 1912 ) . a reprint of the classic 1912 cracow edition with an accompanying index . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
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 2166,""Subject: probus 10 : 2 ( 1998 )
  
  p r o b u s international journal of latin and romance linguistics volume 10 - 2 ( 1998 ) special issue ` going romance ' frank drijkoningen , brigitte kampers - manhe and jan schroten ( editors ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york editorial statement anna gavarro . . . . . . . . . . . . word order alternations and feature assignment in bilingual catalan acquisition luis silva - villar . . . . . . . morphology and syntax of romance imperatives : an incomplete history denis bouchard . . . . . . . . . . the distribution and interpretation of adjectives in french : a consequence of bare phrase structure paul rowlett . . . . . . . . . . . . a non-overt negative operator in french randall gess . . . . . . . . . . . . old french nocoda effects from constraint interaction m . carme picallo . . . . . . . . on the extended projection principle and null expletive subjects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
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 2167,""Subject: pwpl volume 5 . 1 ( proceedings of plc 22 )
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * pwpl v . 5 . 1 : proceedings of the 22nd annual * * penn linguistics colloquium * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * volume 5 . 1 of the university of pennsylvania working papers in linguistics , ( proceedings of the 22nd annual penn linguistics colloquium ) , is now available . 1 . dora alexopoulou : detaching discourse functions from functional projections 2 . sharon armon-lotem & stephen crain : interface conditions on child language : a cross - linguistic look at genitives . 3 . ralph c . blight : formal features and movement at pf . 4 . jocelyn cohan : semantic features of determiners : toward an account for complements of d . 5 . miriam eckert : discourse deixis and anaphora resolution in german . 6 . roland hinterhoelzl : the syntax of ipp constructions and the structure of the lower middlefield in westgermanic . 7 . beth ann hockey & zsuzsanna fagyal : pre - boundary lengthening : universal or language - specific ? the case of hungarian . 8 . howard lasnik : some reconstruction riddles . 9 . fengxiang li & lindsay j . whaley : the life and death of derivational morphology : reduplication in oroqen . 10 . jeffrey lidz & william j . idsardi : chains and phono - logical form . 11 . simona pekarek : deixis and the interactional construction of context . 12 . joan rafel : complex small clauses . 13 . ann m . reed : sloppy definites . 14 . chuanchih wang : an event syntactic account of delimitation in mandarin . 15 . susi wurmbrand : restructuring control . volumes are $ 15 us , pre-paid . please do not order by email , as we can only process prepaid orders . ( we do accept purchase orders and standing orders from institutional buyers ) . send check or money order , made out to """" penn linguistics club """" , to the following address : pwpl 619 williams hall university of pennsylvania philadelphia , pa 19104-6305 u . s . a . there is currently no charge for shipping & handling ( this includes international orders ) . please allow 3 - 6 weeks for delivery . volume 5 . 1 was edited by alexis dimitriadis , hikyoung lee , christine moisset and alexander williams .
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 2168,""Subject: re : ter meulen 's review
  
  ter meulen , alice g . b . , ( 1997 ) representing time in natural language , the dynamic interpretation of tense and aspect , mit press , cambridge mass . , 160 pages , isbn 0-262 - 70066 - 2 , $ 12 . 50 ( paperback ) . reviewed by anne reboul , loria-cnrs , france . anne . reboul @ loria . fr 0 . introduction ter meulen 's book is a good introduction to the work which she has been doing during the past few years on both the representation of eventualities and temporal reasoning . the book combines her approach 's desire not to lose information previously given in discourse with semantic principles which are squarely based on situation semantics . this allows her to introduce dynamic aspect trees ( dats ) , which can loosely be described as temporal inference pumps . ter meulen points out that , though common sense reasoning plays an important role in temporal reasoning , it is not her aim to deal with it . finally the present paperback edition of the book incorporates an appendix giving some exercises on dat construction and a short account of the resemblance and difference between drt and dats . 1 . 0 book summary preface ter meulen aims to account for the linguistic and informational balance between static and dynamic information , proposing abstract semantic principles relative to tense and aspect and using tools derived from situation semantics . 1 . introduction language describes the world as being composed of two main types of temporal objects : events which introduce changes and states which do not . this linguistic capacity is accompanied by an inferential ability in interpretation of what is or is not the case when . ter meulen deals only with the simple past , the perfect , the progressive and some uses of the present , that is with tenses which indicate in which order events occur , through weak constraints on the temporal relations between events . the difference between the simple past and the perfect is aspectual , as is obvious when they are examined in the light of the difference between events and states : the simple past describes events in a context-dependent way while the perfect only gives stative information . aspect can be seen as imposing control on the flow of information and here ter meulen introduces three main universal aspectual classes , holes , filters and plugs which are closely related , respectively , to vendler 's classical ontological classes of activities ( """" john ran for half an hour """" ) , accomplishments ( """" john built a house """" ) and achievements ( """" john won the race """" ) . ter meulen introduces the notion of situated reasoning about time : according to her , there is a temporal vantage point in a text from which reasoning about the text can proceed . this is the first ( descriptive ) factor . the second ( aspectual ) factor is the source of information , while the third factor is perspective information . new temporal information is processed against a context ( the given ) which incorporates at least the lexicon and syntax of the language , situated and logical inference rules , other semantic constraints ( presuppositions ) , the available information and the elements of the situation of use . 2 . the aspectual verbs the aspectual verbs describe the internal structure of events and are , in english , """" start """" , """" begin """" , """" commence """" , """" initiate """" , """" resume """" ( for event beginnings ) , """" continue """" , """" keep """" ( for event middles ) and """" end """" , """" finish """" , """" terminate """" , """" halt """" , """" cease """" , """" complete """" ( for event endings ) . aspectual verbs describing the middle or the end of an event carry anaphoric presupposition ( assumptions about the previous existence not of an event , but of this event ) . aspectual verbs describing the onset of an event semantically have an indefinite and existential character . verbs describing the middle of an event are quantificational verbs and holes . verbs describing the ending of events may be filters or plugs depending on whether they can be finished ( plugs ) or ended ( holes ) . there are pairs of aspectual verbs linked by a semantic contrary relation , such as """" start / finish """" , """" stop / resume """" , """" resume / finish """" , """" keep / end """" , """" continue / end """" . in dat 's , events are complex objects , constituted of individuals , their relations and a positive or negative polarity . events can be classified in similarity classes or types based on their parts . a type consists in a relation , objects and a positive or negative polarity , indicating whether the relation holds or does not hold between the objects . types can also include parameters or indeterminate objects and can be used for any constituent apart from polarities . a given situation supports the type if it matches with its constituents . for types including parameters ( parametric types ) , support depends on the existence in the situation of some objects corresponding to the parameter and satisfying both the relation and the polarity . aspectual verbs can also be described in terms of their monotonicity : if inferences , for a given aspectual verbs , are valid from smaller parts to larger parts , the verb is monotone increasing , while if inferences are valid from larger parts to smaller parts , the verbs are monotone decreasing . ter meulen then proposes the aspectual cube , that is a cube allowing the representation of the relations between aspectual verbs as well as of their monotonicity properties . each vortex in the cube has two vertical arrows of which the first represents the dynamic plugs ( upward arrow ) / static holes ( downward arrow ) while the second represents the increasing ( upward arrow ) or decreasing ( downward arrow ) monotonicity . the cube visualizes the dynamic transitions beginning with + start ; and stopping with """" end """" or """" finish """" . its bottom corresponds to stative holes , while its top corresponds to dynamic plugs , allowing four combinations of arrows in english : dynamic plugs + increasing monotonicity , dynamic plugs + decreasing monotonicity , stative holes + increasing monotonicity , stative holes + descreasing monotonicity . external negation flips the left arrow changing the dynamicity , while internal negation flips the right arrow . finally , there is an arrow kinematics , whereby the combinations of arrow given above gives a dynamic or stative aspect , this being always determined by the right arrow ( i . e . the value of the combination is always the value of the right arrow ( upward = plug ; downward = hole ) . 3 . dynamic aspect trees ( dats ) dats are a way of graphically representing information about events in directed graphs where nodes , labeled with descriptive information , can be either holes or plugs . each dat has a unique source node ( a plug ) , which is the rightmost terminal node , corresponding to the utterance event and determining the perspective . any information in the past tense has preceded the source and is represented by nodes on a branch to the left of it . present information include the source . thus left-to - right order represents the flow of time while downward arrows represent temporal inclusion . dats are used for temporal reasoning about the past ( though they do not allow modalities and counterfactuals ) . there is also in a dat a single root node , dominating all the other nodes , including the source , and representing the entire episode described . there is also a current node , which is the last constructed one and which can opened ( hole ) or closed ( plug ) , this property determining how the next information will be processed . if the current node is a plug , the new information will be represented as a new node descending from one of the current node 's parent nodes , usually the lowest compatible parent node . simple past tense clauses introduce new nodes , while states , quantificational relations , perfect clauses with """" have """" and progressive clauses are introduced as stickers on the current node , if it is a plug , or on the next node , if it is a hole . stickers are portable and can be transmitted to new nodes when the dat grows . introducing a new node independent of the current one indicates a change in perspective . a path connecting a set of labeled nodes to the root is a chronoscope and the current chronoscope is the one containing the current node . compatibility relations ( which are symmetric , reflexive and transitive ) are determined both lexically and through the entailment relations between types on the same chronoscope . the notion of chronoscope is one of the main device of temporal reasoning in dats , allowing for persistence , i . e . the preservation of information . however , temporal reasoning depends on the current node , the search for a conclusion starting at the current node . dats are structured semantic objects rather than linguistic expressions and , as such they follow semantic rules . they are interpreted in event structures into which they are embedded and which allow temporal reasoning if they obey semantic constraints . interpretability for a text depends on the possibility of constructing a dat which can be embedded in an event structure obeying these constraints . an embedded dat describes an episode if the event structure in which it is embedded provides values for it . a text is true if the episode described in the dat is part of the world . 4 . states , generic information and constraints stative information are always represented as stickers on nodes in dats , but some states are more permanent than others , this difference being represented as portability conditions in perspective shifts . there are thus rules for downward portability conditions of stickers and for portability conditions for accommodation . portability conditions differ for perfect states and for progressive states . generic stative information is also represented by stickers and can be imported upward depending on whether the property is predicated under default to the members of a given category or on whether it is predicated of the category itself rather than of its members and on whether it appears in conditionals or under temporal quantification . 5 . perspectives a dat gives a certain perspective on the episode it describes and the same episode may be described in different dats , each giving a different perspective on it . this means that dats on the same episode can lead to different conclusions . changes of perspective depend on the rule used for the updating : hole or sticker rules do not change the perspective , plug or filler rules do . in other words , changes of chronoscope correspond to changes of perspective and depend on the status of the current node . there is , however , more to perspective than just creating a new chronoscope when updating the dat : the other possibility goes through perspective refinement . perspective refinement corresponds to the unplugging of a plug which turns it into a hole , allowing the addition of new information under it . the notion of perspective is strongly dependent on the compatibility of information or , more generally , on coherence and it is one of the merits of dat to allow for a more precise content to the rather slippery notion of coherence , relying on the rules for dat construction and the notion of chronoscope . perspective refinements usually correspond to flashbacks and consist of three operations : unplugging nodes in old chronoscopes , resetting the current node to an old one and making the existing nodes and the new nodes just added independent though they are dominated by the same ancestor . ter meulen proposes a tentative definition of such a flashback process . she notes that perspective allows perspective binding of np anaphora and proposes a perspective constraint to deal with it . finally ter meulen outlines the possibility of three-dimensional dats , the third dimension allowing for the representation of independent structures of nodes , though communality of the root is preserved . such three dimensional dats would be called scenarios though each part of such dats with a unique source would still describe an episode . parts of scenarios which incorporates different simultaneous episodes are scenes . 6 . a fragment of english in this chapter , ter meulen gives a syntactic and semantic account of a fragment of english , as """" a laboratory environment for the theory of interpretation """" ( 93 ) , as well as a recapitulation of the rules for dat construction and updating . 7 . epilogue dats allow for the simultaneous encoding of three types of information : aspectual control of information through the open / closed property of nodes , temporal part / whole relations between events , and descriptive information through the types labeling the nodes . dats are compatible with aristotelian realism as defined by barwise and perry , that is , with the view that the structure of information depends on the natural world . a distinction should be made , according to ter meulen between interpreting an utterance to extract the information it contains and evaluating the truth-value of that information . appendix in this appendix which has been added in the paperback edition , ter meulen has provided exercises on dat construction as well as a comparison between drt and dats . i will only comment on that second part of the appendix . as ter meulen notes , dats stems partly from drt . nevertheless and though dat logic is not developed enough to allow for a complete comparison , there are quite a few differences between them : dats account for inference from simple past to past perfect or progressive , for portability conditions of stative information in chronoscopes and for aspectual verbs , which drt does not ; drt accounts for temporal adverbials and for temporal interpretation of subordinate clauses , which dats do not ; dats substitute the notion of current chronoscope to the notion of temporal reference point used in drt . finally dats characterize valid logic inference as depending crucially from the current node , while drt characterizes valid logic inference classically , as logical consequence . 1 . 1 . critical evaluation ter meulen 's book is highly stimulating , original and interesting . it must be read by anyone interested in time , tense and aspect . all the criticisms which can be leveled against it come from one reason : the fact that the book is much too short . this means that though it is clear enough , it is rather difficult to read . it is also quite frustrating in that , for instance , though ter meulen does explain how to construct dats ( in chapter 3 ) and gives detailed rules , there is not enough step by step examples of dats in the book ( as for example , there was in kamp and reyle 1993 ) . in much the same way , one would have liked to have a much more detailed comparison with alternative accounts , such as drt , the parsonian account of events or , more generally , aktionsart . the appendix , which has been added in the paperback edition ( 1997 ) and which did not exist in the first hardback edition ( 1995 ) , is not really enough to satisfy both of these complaints . ter meulen 's book hints about a relation between reference to objects and reference to time ( the indefiniteness of the argument nps of a given verb may influence the interpretation of the clause , and , notably , aspect ) . all of these hints are very interesting and , again , a longer book might have given the author more scope to develop those intuitions . thus one can only hope that this interesting book will be followed by a bigger one , in which dat logic could be developed more fully , contrasted with alternative approaches and where ter meulen could describe more precisely her suggestions regarding perspective and the interaction between the semantic aspect in dats and the commonsense reasoning whose necessity she acknowledges but which she does not deal with in her book . finally , ter meulen 's book was published at the same time as pustejovsky 's work on the lexicon , thus she does n't make use of pustejovsky 's system . it would be nice to know if an intersection between these approaches can be made . references kamp , h . & reyle , u . ( 1993 ) : from discourse to logic , dordrecht , kluwer . parsons , t . ( 1990 ) : events in the semantics of english , a study in subatomic semantics , cambridge mass . , mit press . pustejovsky , j . ( 1995 ) : the generative lexicon , cambridge mass . , mit press . reviewer : anne reboul , research fellow at the cnrs ( national center for scientific research ) france . phd . in linguistics , phd in philosophy , currently working in the center for computer research in nancy , in the team dedicated to man-machine dialogue . she has written quite a few papers both in french and in english , is the co-author of the dictionnaire encyclopedique de pragmatique ( paris , le seuil . english translation in preparation for basil blackwell , oxford ) and is the 1997 bronze medalist for linguistics at cnrs . anne reboul loria-cnrs bp 239 54506 vandoeuvre - les - nancy france < anne . reboul @ loria . fr >
 "",0
 2169,""Subject: computational linguistics / phd students
  
  2nd call for papers 2nd annual cluk research colloquium ( cluk = computational linguistics u . k . ) january 11th - 12th 1999 university of essex the cluk colloquia aim to offer phd students in natural language processing and related disciplines an opportunity to present and discuss their work with members of the wider research community . the colloquia are organised as mini-conferences . candidates submit an abstract , which is refereed by the cluk programme committee . presentations are held in conference style sessions , to which senior established researchers are invited . the 2nd annual cluk research colloquium will be held at the university of essex , on monday 11th and tuesday 12th of january 1999 . this year , we are pleased to announce two invited speakers to the event : professor johanna moore ( university of edinburgh ) dr rens bod ( university of leeds ) details can be found on http : / / cswww . essex . ac . uk / staff / udo / cluk . the pages will be updated on an ongoing basis . for more information about the university of essex , the campus and how to get there , see http : / / www . essex . ac . uk / about / main . html - call for papers : dates and format authors are requested to submit a 500 word abstract of their presentation ( including name , address , email address and title ) to : anne de roeck department of computer science university of essex . wivenhoe park colchester co4 3sq email : deroe @ essex . ac . uk submissions as emailed ascii text are preferred , but hardcopy format will be accepted . submission deadline : november 23rd notification of acceptance : december 14th abstracts will be refereed by the programme committee : anne de roeck , university of essex ( chair ) adam kilgarriff , university of brighton diana maynard , manchester metropolitan university mark moens , university of edinburgh nicholas ostler , linguacubun ltd . john tait , university of sunderland carole tiberius , university of brighton yorick wilks , university of sheffield the cluk committee will actively pursue a means of publishing selected full papers in a journal or monograph series . - local arrangements and cost the meeting will start at 11 am on january 11th , and will finish after lunch on january 12th . it is organised by the organising committee ( email : cluk2 @ essex . ac . uk ) : anne de roeck udo kruschwitz nick webb rachele winn - secretarial cost of participation is 55 ukp and includes tea / coffee , lunches and dinner with wine . accommodation will be in local hotels . participants are expected to book their own accommodation , though we will provide information and assist where we can . problems should be addressed to cluk2 @ essex . ac . uk . an on-line registration page can be found on our website ( see above ) .
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 2170,""Subject: semitic syntax conference & morphology workshop
  
  call for papers conference : the syntax of semitic languages ( june 26-27 ) workshop : the morphology of semitic languages ( june 23 ) after a very successful first semitic syntax conference at usc in may 1988 , the department of linguistics at the university of illinois at urbana - champaign invites abstracts for the second semitic syntax conference to be held june 26-27 , 1999 . the conference will be preceded by a workshop on semitic morphology to be held june 23 , 1999 . both events will take place during the linguistic society of america summer institute ( june 21 - july 30 ) which will be held at the university of illinois at urbana - champaign ( website : http : / / www . beckman . uiuc . edu / linginst ) . participants will be selected on the basis of refereed anonymous abstracts , to be judged by a selection committee . each talk will be 40 minutes long with an additional 15 minutes for discussion . please send 10 copies of an anonymous abstract , at most 2 - pages long ( including examples and references ) . please enclose a 3x5 card with submission stating name of paper , name of author , affiliation and address , including e-mail address , phone number , and indicate clearly whether the paper is for the conference or the workshop . the name of the author should not appear on the abstract . submissions by e-mail or fax will not be accepted . abstracts should be postmarked no later than march 15 , 1998 , and sent to : abbas benmamoun department of linguistics 4088 flb university of illinois at urbana-champaign urbana , il 61801 usa please check out the semitic linguistics archives where unpublished papers on semitic languages can be posted and downloaded . the address is : http : / / www . usc . edu / dept / las / linguistics / semitic / please direct all inquiries about the conference and workshop to : abbas benmamoun email : e-benma @ uiuc . edu tel : ( 217 ) 333-7129 fax : ( 213 ) 333-3466 organizing committee joseph aoun ( usc ) abbas benmamoun ( uiuc ) hagit borer ( usc )
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 2171,""Subject: computational linguistics / tutorials
  
  call for tutorial proposals tutorials chair : richard sproat bell labs - lucent technologies rws @ research . bell-labs . com call the acl ' 99 program committee invites proposals for the tutorial program for acl ' 99 , to be held at the university of maryland , college park , md , usa , june 20 - - 26 , 1999 . the tutorials for acl ' 99 will be held on june 20th . each tutorial should be well-focused so that its core content can be covered in a three hour tutorial slot ( including a 30 minute break ) . in exceptional cases , 6 - hour tutorial slots are possible as well . there will be space and time for at most four three-hour tutorials . submission details proposals for tutorials should contain : * a title and brief ( < 500 word ) content description of the tutorial topic . * the names , postal addresses , phone numbers , and email addresses of the tutorial speakers , with one-paragraph statement of the speaker 's ( s ' ) research interests and areas of expertise . * any special requirements for technical needs ( computer infrastructure , etc . ) proposals should be submitted by electronic mail , in plain ascii ( iso8859 - 1 ) text as soon as possible , but no later than december 18th , 1998 . the subject line should be : """" acl 99 tutorial proposal """" . please note : proposals will not be accepted by regular mail or fax . please submit your proposals and any inquiries to : richard sproat , acl ' 99 tutorials chair bell laboratories , lucent technologies 600 mountain avenue , murray hill , nj 07974 usa rws @ research . bell-labs . com practical arrangements accepted tutorial speakers must provide descriptions of their tutorials for inclusion in the conference registration material by march 1 , 1999 . the description must be provided in three formats : a latex version that fits onto v 1 / 2 page ; an ascii ( iso8859 - 1 ) version that can be included with the email announcement ; an html version that can be included on the conference home page . tutorial speakers will provide tutorial materials , at least containing copies of the overhead sheets used , by may 1 , 1999 . finances : the current acl policy is that tutorials are reimbursed at the following rate : $ 500 per session plus $ 25 per registrant in the range 21-50 plus $ 15 per registrant in excess of 50 . note that this is per tutorial , not per presenter : multiple presenters will split the proceeds , the default assumption being an even split . the acl does not usually cover travel expenses except where the presenter ( s ) cannot get them through the usual mechanisms : for acl members we assume that they would be coming to the meeting anyway . for people who are not acl members , we would expect to pay for costs that they cannot get reimbursed elsewhere . important dates submission deadline for tutorial proposal : 18 dec 1998 notification of acceptance of tutorial proposal : 28 dec 1998 tutorial descriptions due to tutorial chair : 1 mar 1999 tutorial course material due to tutorial chair : 1 may 1999 tutorials date : 20 june 1999
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 2172,""Subject: computational linguistics / general and thematic sessions
  
  acl ' 99 call for papers 37th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics 20 - - 26 june , 1999 university of maryland [ you may find it easier to read this information on the web at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 ] 1 . paper sessions 1 . 1 topics of interest in a break with tradition , at this year 's acl conference we are experimenting with a new format . the technical sessions of the conference will be of two kinds . there will be general sessions of the kind that have formed the conference programme in the past ; however , there will also be a number of special thematic sessions , somewhat like a special issue of a journal , organised around themes proposed by members of the computational linguistics community . our aim is to incorporate some of the intensity and excitement of the traditional post-conference workshops , without replacing those workshops . the conference structure will mean that the thematic sessions will run as parallel sessions , resulting in smaller and more focussed audiences . when you submit a paper to the conference , you will need to consider whether you want to present the paper in the general sessions or in one of the thematic sessions , which are listed below . for the general sessions , papers are invited on substantial , original , and unpublished research on all aspects of computational linguistics , including , but not limited to : pragmatics , discourse , semantics , syntax and the lexicon ; phonetics , phonology and morphology ; interpreting and generating spoken and written language ; linguistic , mathematical and psychological models of language ; language-oriented information retrieval and information extraction ; corpus-based language modeling ; machine translation and translation aids ; natural language interfaces and dialogue systems ; approaches to coordinating the linguistic with other modalities in multi-media systems ; message and narrative understanding systems . papers submitted to the thematic sessions are more narrowly targeted at specific topics . the complete list of thematic sessions is as follows ; further information about each can be found at the indicated url . d1 : dialogue management in interactive spoken dialogue systems chairs : diane litman and marilyn walker motivation : the advent of real-time interactive spoken dialogue systems poses special challenges for dialogue management . topics : evaluation , dialogue strategies , repair , system integration , learning / optimizing system behavior , corpus analysis , robust processing , and the requirements dialogue places on generation , speech recognition and synthesis . http : / / www . research . att . com / ~ diane / acl99 - theme . html d2 : discourse tagging : uses , results and applications chairs : marilyn walker , julia hirschberg and owen rambow motivation : empirical approaches to discourse processing often rely on tagging texts or dialogues with discourse tags from a wide range of tag sets . topics : discourse tagging for training or testing models of discourse structure , reference , translation , speech acts , topic identification , and speech recognition . http : / / www . research . att . com / ~ walker / dtag-acl 99 . html d3 : corpus - based approaches to discourse and dialogue chair : nancy ide this theme treats corpus-based work on any aspect of discourse and dialogue analysis , including co-reference , segmentation , discourse structure , parsing , generation , etc . , especially in the light of relevance to practical applications . http : / / www . cs . vassar . edu / ~ ide / calls / acl99 - discourse . html d4 : lexicon and discourse : connections through structure and semantics chairs : laurence danlos , alistair knott , and bonnie webber motivation : with the lexicon becoming a central resource for computing properties of the sentence , one may consider similar gains for computing properties of discourse . topics : lexical semantics of discourse connectives and focus particles , discourse and lexical interpretation , lexicalized grammars for discourse . http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ alik / acltheme . html i1 : nlp techniques for cross - language information retrieval chair : douglas oard motivation : systems that use queries or examples in one natural language to find text or speech in another are becoming increasingly important . topics : nlp techniques for query translation , cognate matching and interlingual matching techniques , cross-language gisting using summarization or gloss translation . http : / / www . clis . umd . edu / conferences / acl99clir / i2 : exploring the limits of shallow parsing chair : gregory grefenstette shallow parsing techniques provide a partial analysis of the syntactic structures . theme covers research into : quantifying identifiable linguistic phenomena in a corpus ; evaluating accuracy of dependency relations extracted by shallow parsers ; approximation of full parsing with shallow parsers . http : / / www . xrce . xerox . com / research / mltt / dmhead / acl99 i3 : information extraction from spoken language data chairs : lynette hirschman and david palmer motivation : identifying relevant syntactic and semantic items ( such as names , dates , and events ) in speech data requires robust processing of misspellings , transcription errors , tokenization ambiguities and disfluencies . topics : algorithms , architectures , and evaluation techniques for noisy data information extraction vhttp : / / raven . bu . edu / conferences / acl-ie99 / i4 : natural language processing for interactive information retrieval chair : hinrich sch | tze this theme solicits papers that use nlp to enable better interactive information retrieval . examples include query analysis , disambiguation , and classification of queries into semantic hierarchies , but we are especially interested in novel ideas . ftp : / / parcftp . xerox . com / pub / qca / schuetze / acl99 . html i5 : robust sentence - level interpretation chairs : carolyn penstein rose and alon lavie in contrast to information extraction and shallow parsing techniques , in this session we focus on robust approaches to full sentence interpretation , with an emphasis on empirical evaluation . topics : pre-parsing repair , robust parsing , post-parsing repair , and user interaction . http : / / www . pitt . edu / ~ rosecp / topic . html i6 : topic detection chairs : james allan and bruce croft we examine discovering structure and themes across many texts : finding the topics that underlie the text . it includes summarization , theme extraction , tdt detection , concept extraction , high-quality clustering , and related evaluations . http : / / ciir . cs . umass . edu / acl99 l1 : parsing of inflective , agglutinative and / or free word order languages chair : jan hajic parsing of languages displaying non-analytical , non-fixed word order behavior to a large extent poses specific problems which are expected to be addressed . all aspects of dealing with such problems are welcome , including morphological , syntactic and semantic processing . http : / / ufal . ms . mff . cuni . cz l2 : mt / nlp for languages of low diffusion chairs : doug jones and boyan onyshkevych motivation : adequate large-scale mt or other nlp systems do not exist for the bulk of the world 's languages , nor are there significant on-line resources for them . topics : how to build large-scale mt / nlp systems and resources for these other languages ; how to leverage minimal resources ( including native language expertise ) l3 : word segmentation and lexical acquisition in asian languages chair : masaaki nagata motivation : exchange ideas and experiences on word segmentation among asian researchers as well as between asian and western researchers . topics : theories and applications of tokenization and dictionary construction techniques for languages that do not put space between words , such as chinese , japanese , and thai . http : / / www . milab . is . tsukuba . ac . jp / word-seg - acl99 m1 : automated analysis and evaluation of free text chairs : jill burstein and claudia leacock motivation : to bring together researchers who are interested in the evaluation of essays and other free text for purposes of assessment and instruction . topics : identification and analysis of textual features ; generation of feedback to authors ; evaluation of system results . http : / / www . ets . org / research / acl99 . html m2 : the use of large - coverage lexical resources for tagging and parsing chair : max silberztein motivation : to present dictionary-based projects and results whose starting point is either machine readable dictionaries , raw lists or large corpora topics : large-coverage lexical resources , construction of dictionaries , corpus processing http : / / www . ladl . jussieu . fr / confs / acl99 / acl99 . html m3 : prosody modelling in nlg / speech generation chairs : elke teich and sandra williams motivation : integrating natural language generation and speech synthesis . topics : reconciling syntactic , semantic and prosodic representations ; determination of intonation focus and contour according to context ; adaptations of nlg architectures for speech generation . http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / ~ swilliam / acl99theme / m4 : design , implementation , and uses of controlled languages chairs : tony hartley and cecile paris motivation : controlled languages are increasingly used to enhance readability , facilitate automatic processing of documents , and guide input to generation systems . important concerns are the development and enforcement of controlled languages . topics : authoring environments , design principles , corpus analysis , controlled language applications . http : / / www . itri . brighton . ac . uk / events / acl99 / clang . html m5 : computational psycholinguistics chair : philip resnik motivation : discussing empirical and theoretical studies on psychologically motivated computational models of human language processes , as opposed to nlp applications , emphasizing non-introspective data , statistical methods , and the relationship between linguistic competence and performance . topics : computational studies involving processes such as lexical access , parsing , interpretation , generation , disambiguation , acquisition . http : / / umiacs . umd . edu / ~ resnik / acl99 _ cpl / before submitting a paper to a thematic session , you should read the information about each of these themes provided on the separate web pages . during the conference itself , some sessions may be video-taped . presenters will be alerted to this possibility and will be able to request that the cameras are turned off during their presentations . 1 . 2 requirements requirements are the same regardless of whether your are submitting a paper to the general sessions or the thematic sessions ; see the separate call for student papers for information on requirements for papers submitted to the student sessions . papers should describe original work ; they should emphasize completed work rather than intended work and they should indicate clearly the state of completion of the reported results . wherever appropriate , concrete evaluation results should be included . a paper accepted for presentation at the acl meeting cannot be presented or have been presented at any other meeting with publicly available published proceedings . papers that are being submitted to other conferences must indicate this on the title page . 1 . 3 format for submission the format of submissions is the same regardless of whether your are submitting a paper to the general sessions or the thematic sessions ; see the separate call for student papers for information on requirements for papers submitted to the student sessions . authors should submit preliminary versions of their papers for review , not to exceed 3200 words ( exclusive of references ) . papers should be headed by a title page containing the paper id code ( see below ) , the names of all authors , the title , a short ( 5 line ) summary , up to five keywords specifying the subject area ( for the general sessions ) or an indication of the thematic session to which the paper is being submitted , the word count ( excluding figures and bibliography ) and a notice of multiple submission , if required . papers outside the specified length and / or without an id code are liable to rejection without review . to identify each paper , an id code must be acquired by filing an electronic paper registration form , available on the web at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 / register . html : on successful completion of this form an id code will be sent to the designated author by e-mail . if you cannot access the electronic paper registration form , send email to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au with subject idform for an automatic reply . to assist in the refereeing process , we would be very grateful if authors prepare a web-browsable ( e . g . html , postscript , pdf ) electronic version of their papers . the electronic paper registration form contains a field where you can provide this information . we strongly recommend the use of acl - standard latex ( plus bibstyle and trivial example ) or word style files for the preparation of submissions . these styles include a place for the required information such as id code and word count , and allow for a graceful transition to the style required for publication . these files are available from the conference web site at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 . if you cannot use the acl - standard styles directly , a description of the required format is at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 / style / substyle . html . if you cannot access this web page , send email to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au with subject substyle for an automatic reply . 1 . 4 submission and reviewing procedure the submission procedure is the same regardless of whether your are submitting a paper to the general sessions or the thematic sessions ; see the separate call for student papers for information on submission details for papers submitted to the student sessions . four ( 4 ) paper copies of each paper ( printed on both sides of the page if possible ) should be submitted to the following address : acl programme committee c / o ken church at&t labs - research 180 park ave , office d235 po box 971 florham park nj 07932-0971 usa enquiries can be addressed to the programme committee by email at acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au ( robert dale , chair and ken church , co - chair ) . in extreme cases , if you cannot make contact electronically you can reach us by sending a fax , clearly marked """" acl programme committee """" , to + 61 2 9850 9529 . this fax number is for information enquiries only . please note that faxed submissions of papers are not acceptable . reviewing of papers submitted to the general sessions will , as in previous years , be managed by an international conference programme committee consisting of area chairs , each of whom will have the assistance of a team of reviewers . reviewing of papers for the thematic sessions will be managed by the chairs of the thematic sessions , with the assistance of teams of reviewers ; final decisions on the technical programme content ( both general sessions and thematic sessions ) will be made by the programme committee . 1 . 5 schedule submissions must be received by january 25th 1999 . late submissions ( those arriving on or after january 26th 1999 ) will be returned unopened . acknowledgements will be emailed soon after receipt . notification of acceptance will be sent to authors ( by email ) on march 22nd 1999 . camera - ready copies of final papers prepared in a double-column format , preferably using a laser printer , must be received by may 3rd 1999 , along with a signed copyright release statement . detailed formatting guidelines will be provided to authors with their acceptance notice . the paper sessions , including general , theme and student papers , will take place on june 23rd - - 26th 1999 . 2 . student sessions there will again be special student sessions organized by a committee of acl graduate student members . acl student members are invited to submit short papers on any of the topics listed above for the general sessions . the papers will be reviewed by a committee of students and faculty members for presentation in workshop-style sessions and publication in a special section of the conference proceedings . a separate call for papers for the student sessions is being issued and is available at http : / / www . cs . utoronto . ca / ~ melanie / acl99 / . 3 . tutorials the meeting will include a programme of tutorials on june 20th 1999 immediately preceding the workshops and technical sessions , and at the same venue as the conference . a separate call for tutorial proposals is being issued and is available at http : / / www . bell-labs . com / project / tts / acl99tut . html . 4 . workshops as in other years , acl ' 99 will be accompanied by a number of workshops . these will be held on june 21st - - 22nd 1999 , immediately after the tutorials and before the technical sessions . the acl has a policy on workshops . a separate call for workshop proposals will be issued soon . 5 . demos a separate call for demo proposals will be issued at a later date . 6 . venue and local organisation the conference will be held at the university of maryland from 20th through 26th june , 1999 . the local arrangements committee is chaired by bonnie dorr ; see http : / / www . umiacs . umd . edu / research / clip / acl99 / index . html for local arrangements information . 7 . timetable the dates here pertain only to the general sessions and thematic sessions : see the separate calls for student session papers , tutorial proposals and workshops for the timetabling associated with those elements of the conference . paper submissions deadline : january 25 , 1999 notification of acceptance : march 22 , 1999 camera ready papers due : may 3 , 1999 acl ' 99 conference : june 20 - - 26 , 1999
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 2173,""Subject: cognitive linguistics
  
  theme session call for papers 6th international cognitive linguistics association ( icla ) conference ( stockholm , july 1999 ) typological research on signed languages : cognition and discourse structure session coordinators : sherman wilcox and terry janzen several hundred signed languages are known to exist in the world , used within communities in which the signed language is the primary language . most grammatical description of these languages , however , is not extensive , and is confined to no more than a handful of these languages . there is speculation that signed languages may share a significant number of linguistic features even when such languages are genetically unrelated , due in part to their common use of the hands and body as articulators and the eyes , rather than ears , as perceptual organs . very little actual work , however , has been carried out with respect to which specific grammatical features are shared , and which may differ . many questions surrounding the relationship between cognition and signed language structure involve the cross-linguistic typology of structural and semantic categories . it is not yet clear , however , whether certain linguistic features of signed languages emerge cross-linguistically because users of these languages employ similar articulatory and perceptual systems , and how much variation between and within particular categories exists . the purpose of this session is to focus on information processing and discourse structure as typological features among signed languages . a cognitive approach to this topic assumes that signers will structure their discourse to best represent and convey what is cognitively salient , and that the grammar that emerges within a community of language users will reflect this cognitive motivation . we invite papers which focus on cognition and features of discourse structure in a variety of signed languages , with the intention of facilitating discussion among researchers regarding typological features . abstracts ( 700 to 1400 words ) are invited , and should be submitted by november 31 to each of the following : wilcox @ unm . edu tjanzen @ post . rrcc . mb . ca = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = sherman wilcox , ph . d . associate professor dept . of linguistics university of new mexico albuquerque , nm 87131 http : / / www . unm . edu / ~ wilcox
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 2174,""Subject: semitic syntax and morphology
  
  call for papers conference : the syntax of semitic languages ( june 26-27 ) workshop : the morphology of semitic languages ( june 23 ) after a very successful first semitic syntax conference at uscin may 1998 , the department of linguistics at the university of illinois at urbana - champaign invites abstracts for the second semitic syntax conference to be held june 26-27 , 1999 . the conference will be preceded by a workshopon semitic morphology to be held june 23 , 1999 . both events will take place during the linguistic society of america summer institute ( june21 - july 30 ) which will be held at the university of illinois at urbana - champaign ( website : http : / / www . beckman . uiuc . edu / linginst ) . participants will be selected on the basis of refereed anonymous abstracts , to be judged by a selection committee . each talk will be 40 minutes long with an additional15 minutes for discussion . please send 10 copies of an anonymous abstract , at most 2 - pages long ( including examples and references ) . please enclose a 3x5 card withsubmission stating name of paper , name of author , affiliation and address , including e-mail address , phone number , and indicate clearly whether thepaper is for the conference or the workshop . the name of the author shouldnot appear on the abstract . submissions by e-mail or fax will not be accepted . abstracts should be postmarked no later than march 15 , 1999 , and sent to : abbas benmamoun . department of linguistics , 4088 flb . university of illinois at urbana-champaign . urbana , il 61801usa conference website : http : / / www . beckman . uiuc . edu / groups / cs / linginst / conferences / semitic . html please check out the semitic linguistics archives where unpublished papers on semitic languages can be posted and downloaded . the address is : http : / / www . usc . edu / dept / las / linguistics / semitic / please direct all inquiries about the conference and workshop to : abbas benmamoun email : e-benma @ uiuc . edu tel : ( 217 ) 333-7129 fax : ( 213 ) 333-3466 organizing committee joseph aoun ( usc ) abbas benmamoun ( uiuc ) hagit borer ( usc )
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 2175,""Subject: structure and constituency in languages of the americas
  
  call for papers workshop on structure and constituency in the languages of the americas to be held at the university of british columbia ( vancouver , b . c . , canada ) march 26th - 28th , 1999 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * invited speakers e . czaykowska-higgins ( university of victoria ) """" accent and quality - sensitivity in salish stress """" c . reinholtz ( queen 's university ) """" aspect and negation in cree """" * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * v we invite papers which address questions of structure and constituency in the analysis of indigenous languages of north , central and south america . papers on any of the four core areas of formal linguistics ( phonetics / phonology , morphology , syntax , and semantics ) are welcome , as are papers that explore the various interfaces between these disciplines ( morphophonology , morphosyntax , syntax / semantics , semantics / discourse structure , etc . ) . the workshop is entirely open-minded as to which theoretical framework is chosen by individual presenters ( e . g . , optimality theory , head-driven phrase structure grammar , the minimalist program , or theories with a longer history ) , but presenters who work in a theory that is of recent origin ( or who work within a recent development in an established theory ) should give a brief synopsis of their chosen theoretical framework in their presentation . we are also planning a section on the analysis of texts in native american languages . participants who wish to make a presentation in this section are asked to submit a brief text ( approx . 11 / 2 pages ) in their chosen language , together with a morpheme-by - morpheme analysis and a running translation . if available , a tape-recording of the text should be played for the audience . the presentation of the text should address aspects of structure and constituency on the text-level , e . g . the coding of information structure by discourse particles , focus devices , mechanisms for topic maintenance and topic shift , etc . ( depending on the number of participants , it may be possible to present both a text and a theoretical paper , but conversely , it may be necessary to limit participants to only one presentation ( either text or theoretical paper ) ) . the workshop will be preceded by a special one-day session on thursday , march 25th 1999 , devoted to language policy and planning for indigenous languages of british columbia . workshop participants are encouraged to attend as observers . participants should send in an abstract of the presentation . abstracts should be 1 page ( a second page with references and extra examples may be included ) , and should be submitted in 4 copies with the author 's name and affiliation , at least one copy of which should be camera-ready . abstracts may also submitted by e-mail , but participants should make sure that their abstracts do not contain diacritics that e-mail cannot handle . on a vseparate submission , participants should provide the following items of information : ( i ) name ; ( ii ) address ; ( iii ) affiliation ; ( iv ) phone number ; ( v ) e-mail address . finally , limited funds may be available to partially cover travel expenses ; priority for these will be given to graduate students . indicate whether you wish to be considered for a travel subsidy , and if yes , whether you are a graduate student , postdoctoral fellow , independent scholar , sessional faculty or regular faculty . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * abstracts should be sent to : languages of the americas workshop attention : r . - m . dchaine department of linguistics buchanan e-270 , 1866 main mall university of british columbia vancouver , b . c . vv6t 1z1 canada the deadline for submissions ( to be received at ubc ) is friday , january 22nd , 1999 . the program will be announced in mid - february for further information , contact henry davis ( henryd @ interchange . ubc . ca ) or rose - marie dchaine ( dechaine @ interchange . ubc . ca ) . the advance registration fee for the workshop will be can $ 30 . 00 for non-students ( us $ 25 . 00 ) , and can $ 20 . 00 ( $ us12 . 00 ) for students . on - site registration will be in canadian funds only : can $ 40 . 00 for non-students , can $ 20 . 00 for students ( i . e . there is no late payment fee for students ) .
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 2176,""Subject: resource logics and minimalist grammars
  
  esslli ` 99 workshop on resource logics and minimalist grammars ( deadline for submissions : march 15th 1999 ) utrecht , 16-20 august 1999 organizers : christian retor ( irisa , rennes ) edward stabler ( ucla , los angeles ) url : http : / / www . irisa . fr / rlmg e - mail : rlmg @ irisa . fr a workshop held as part of the 11th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli ` 99 ) , august 9-20 1999 , utrecht first call for papers esslli ` 99 : the main focus of the european summer schools in logic , language and information is the interface between linguistics , logic and computation . it is organized under the auspices of the european association for logic , language and information ( folli ) . foundational , introductory and advanced courses together with workshops cover a wide variety of topics within six areas of interest : logic , computation , language , logic and computation , computation and language , language and logic . previous summer schools have been highly successful , attracting around 500 students from europe and elsewhere . the school has developed into an important meeting place and forum for discussion for students and researchers interested in the interdisciplinary study of logic , language and information . esslli-99 will take place at the university of utrecht , the netherlands , august 9-20 . in its second week it will feature a worskshop on resource logics and minimalist grammars . its aim is to provide a forum for advanced ph . d . students and other researchers to present and discuss their work on the connection between minimalist grammars and resource logics . workshop background : there has been a growing interest in connections between resource-logical theories of grammar and the minimalist grammars of the transformational tradition in syntax . a good understanding of these connections will reveal substantial differences that can be debated , and the prospects also look good for identifying a valuable common ground . in particular , the rich descriptive tradition of transformational theory may become more accessible to resource-logical frameworks , and the relatively well-understood mathematical foundations of resource-logical frameworks may stimulate a more sophisticated understanding of the mechanisms of minimalist grammars . linear logic is a neat and well studied logic from a proof theoretical perspective which is able to handle both logic for syntax ( like the lambek calculus ) and logic for semantics ( like intuitionistic logic ) , and it also appears to be a sensible framework for a logical treatment of minimalist grammars . this workshop aims to bring together phd students and other researchers in the respective traditions to explore these developments . topics of interest include but are not limited to : * applications of linear logic , multimodal categorial logic , and other resource logics to linguistic problems * formal and computational studies of minimalist and other generative grammars * studies of linguistic semantics from the perspective of either tradition * assessments of the common ground and differences among these approaches to language workshop aims : this workshop aims to : * provide a setting for researchers from various traditions to present and discuss recent work on resource logics and minimalist grammars * facilitate the exchange of ideas between researchers working in these respective areas * foster a spirit of collaborative research call for papers : researchers in the area , including phd students and young researchers , are invited to submit short papers ( between 8 and 12 pages long ) describing their thesis / research topic , approach and results . talks will be 20 minutes long , with 10 minutes for discussion / questions . authors are also encouraged to submit a list of topics they would like to see discussed at the workshop . this will help to identify issues for discussion and debate . deadline for submissions : march 15 , 1999 submissions should be sent to : rlmg @ irisa . fr submissions will be accepted in the form of either postscript or self-contained latex . authors of accepted papers will be notified by may 1st 1998 . the deadline for receipt of revised papers to appear in the workshop proceedings is june 1st 1998 . workshop format : the workshop will consist of five sessions of 90 minutes each held over five days . there will be either two or three presentations at each session with time for questions and discussion . it is hoped to have at least one invited paper from a senior researcher working in the field . publication : after the workshop , authors will have the opportunity to submit papers for possible publication in the new electronic journal """" language and computation """" ( http : / / www . dcs . kcl . ac . uk / journals / jlac / ) , which is supported by oxford university press . there will be more details in the next announcement . registration : workshop contributors will be required to register for esslli-99 . important dates : march 15th , 99 : deadline for submissions may 1st , 99 : notification of acceptance june 1st , 99 : deadline for final copy august 16th , 99 : start of workshop further information : to obtain further information about esslli-99 please visit the esslli-99 home page at http : / / esslli . let . uu . nl or send an email to esslli99 @ let . uu . nl . for further information on the workshop visit the site of the workshop http : / / www . irisa . fr / rlmg or send an email to rlmg @ irisa . fr
 "",0
 2177,""Subject: book : english verbs
  
  author : eugene m . russakovskii , associate professor , kharkov state automobile & highway technical university ( xadi ) , kharkov , ukraine . title : """" encyclopedia of english verb forms : rules & exceptions """" publishing houses : """" karavella """" ( kharkov , ukraine ) ; """" prestige """" ( moscow , russia ) year of publication : 1998 isbn 's : 966-586 - 036 - 4 , 588-569 - 009 - x language : russian ( verb tables are given in english ) price : $ 30 + shipping and handling """" encyclopedia . . . """" deals with all english verbs having non-standard grammatical paradigm . the book might be considered as a [ very ] far going generalization of the pages 96-120 of the well-known monograph by r . quirk , g . n . leech , s . greenbaum , and j . svartvik """" a comprehensive grammar of the english language """" . as the main subject of """" encyclopedia . . . """" is studying all english verbs with non-standard grammatical paradigm , irregular verbs are also included . one will find here 1209 irregular verbs , including 297 monomorphemic ones and 20 verbs-abbreviations . all irregular verbs are classified into 86 schemata . numerous comments related to verb forms usage are given , all schemata are described in detail . naturally , irregular verbs , can't exhaust the subject under consi - deration ! as it turned out , many questions related to non-standard verb in - flexions have been exposed by grammarians in an insufficiently severe form , and with numerous gaps ; a number of situations has not been described or those descriptions contained different errors and inaccuracies ; the set of rules regulating pronunciation and spelling of verb inflexions was non-complete ; the sets of exceptions to the formulated rules did not exist at all or contained only a small part of the corresponding verbs-exceptions . in """" encyclopedia . . . """" , we formulate an exhaustive set of rules regulating pronunciation and spelling of verb inflexions , both for bre and ame , taking into account all possible , sometimes rather curious , situations . every rule is supplied with the corresponding set of exceptions ( if there are any ) ; they are named """" ccc """" 's ( """" closely complete corpora """" ) in our book . numerous errors and inaccuracies ever met in related literature have been corrected in """" encyclopedia . . . """" . * * * * * for information on ordering please contact the author at : arus @ ilt . kharkov . ua
 "",0
 2178,""Subject: glot international
  
  call for squibs > from lisa cheng and rint sybesma , editors of glot international next year glot international will start featuring a squib section . we invite everybody to send us squibs on any subject in any field of """" theoretical """" linguistics . since we appear monthly ( almost ! ) and our production time is relatively short , we will be able to publish squibs very soon after their acceptance . the review procedure we have set up is also geared at losing as little time as possible . what squibs are ? what squibs do ? squibs inspire . they present ideas , yet to be fleshed out but one at the time . they find connections between facts that nobody ever thought were related . they spell out the beginning of a new analysis , not necessarily daring . they give you new facts from old languages and old facts in a new guise . they come up with beautiful observations that somehow seem theoretically relevant as well . they tell you about wonderful problems and possibly only hint at a solution . and they have the length of one page in glot international , which is about 1500 words ( including the references ! ) . if you are interested in submitting a squib , please send us three hard copies and one soft copy to the addresses below . however , before sending us anything , please consult the guidelines for authors on the our web site ( www . hagpub . com / glot . htm ) or send us an e-mail if you prefer to receive the guidelines by e-mail or regular mail . our addresses : e-mail : glot @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl regular mail : lisng and rint sybesma glot international department of general linguistics leiden university p . o . box 9515 2300 ra leiden the netherlands * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * lisa cheng and rint sybesma editors glot international hil / department of general linguistics leiden university po box 9515 2300 ra leiden the netherlands fax : + 31-70 - 448-0177 http : / / www . hagpub . com / glot . htm
 "",0
 2179,""Subject: language acquisition and language breakdown
  
  call for papers : language acquisition and language breakdown 1st language aquisition , sli & aphasics may 28-29 , 1999 utrecht university uil ots utrecht , the netherlands invited speakers harald clahsen ( university of essex ) stephen crain ( university of maryland , college park ) yosef grodzinsky ( tel aviv university ) herman kolk ( university of nijmegen ) christer platzack ( lund university ) call for papers over the last twenty years , a significant amount of research has been carried out in the fields of language acquisition and language impairment . with regard to the former , empirical and theoretical research projects have attempted to characterize children 's linguistic competence at various stages , and the development towards adult competence . in the field of language impairment , researchers have attempted to characterize the speech production and comprehension capacity of patients with specific linguistic disorders ( aphasic patients . ) the main goal of this research is to provide a picture of what part of the human language capacity is lost as a result of specific brain damage , and to characterize the patients ' linguistic knowledge or processing limitations in terms of a contemporary linguistic theory . a similar approach is characteristic of recent studies of children with specific language impairment ( sli ) . the question in this research is how to characterize , in linguistic terms , the deficit exhibited by this population . a comparison between the linguistic capacities of these populations has been a recurrent theme in many theoretical and experimental studies . are there interesting similarities between normally developing children , sli children and aphasics ? can the comparison between these populations tell researchers anything new about language acquisition or language breakdown ? what exactly is lost in aphasia - the knowledge of language or the capacity to implement this knowledge ? do normally developing children and sli children posses the relevant knowledge but are they unable to implement it ? if so , why ? or is their linguistic system different from the adult system ? what can the differences between impaired and unimpaired language development be attributed to ? the language acquisition and language breakdown conference , organized by the utrecht institute of linguistics in the framework of its language in use research program aims at bringing together researchers whose work focuses on the comparison of these populations . papers are invited for 30 - minute presentations ( plus 10 min for discussion ) . papers must focus on the comparison between the language capacities of any two or three of these populations : normally developing children , sli children , and people with aphasia . please send four copies of a two page anonymous abstract ( single space , including examples and references ) and one copy with your name and affiliation to : language acquisition and language breakdown utrecht university uil ots trans 10 nl-3512 jk utrecht the netherlands please include also a card with your name ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , the title of your abstract , your e-mail ( s ) , mailing address and telephone number ( s ) . all materials must be received by february 1 , 1999 . decisions regarding acceptance / rejection will be announced by march 10 , 1999 . there is a possibility that students whose papers are accepted for presentation will be partially reimbursed for their travel expenses .
 "",0
 2180,""Subject: student conference
  
  call for papers for the sixth annual uta student conference in linguistics - utascil deadline for abstracts : 5pm , friday , december 11th , 1998
 "",0
 2181,""Subject: leeds working papers in linguistics and phonetics
  
  after a period of hibernation we are pleased to announce the resumed publication of leeds working papers in linguistics and phonetics . institutions which have an exchange agreement with leeds will receive a copy in the next few weeks . other institutions interested in starting an exchange are invited to contact the editor at the address below . for individuals who wish to purchase a copy , the price per copy is 4 pounds sterling ( within eu ) , 5 pounds sterling elsewhere ( payment in pounds sterling only , please ) . contact the editor at the address below : paul foulkes department of linguistics and phonetics university of leeds leeds ls2 9jt uk p . foulkes @ leeds . ac . uk + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + the contents of issue 6 : methodological considerations in a small-scale sociolinguistic pilot study ( louise cunningham ) english [ r ] - sandhi : a sociolinguistic perspective ( paul foulkes ) the mora , compensatory lengthening , and a two-tier theory of quantity ( anthony fox ) an unusual kind of sonority and its implications for phonetic theory ( barry heselwood ) bilingualism and diglossia in sardinia ( maria chiara la sala ) language variation and innovation in middlesbrough : a pilot study ( carmen llamas ) four past tense morphemes in khalkh mongol ( diane nelson , t . t . l . davidson , narantuya , narmandah , and judith nordby ) italian radio phone-in openings : some effects of time restrictions ( barbara settineri ) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
 "",0
 2182,""Subject: syntax / semantics of gradable adjectives
  
  kennedy , christopher ; projecting the adjective : the syntax and semantics of gradability and comparison ; 0-8153 - 3349 - 8 , cloth ; page 262 , $ 61 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics . this book investigates the core meaning and syntactic distribution of gradable adjectives : adjectives such as long , short , bright and dim , with respect to which objects can be ordered and compared . the central thesis is that gradable adjectives should be semantically characterized as measure functions : expressions that map objects onto abstract representations of measurement , or degrees . a second major claim is that degrees should be formalized as intervals on a scale , rather than discrete points , as standardly assumed . these proposals are supported by a number of empirical arguments involving the interpretation of comparative constructions in english , including scope phenomena , incommensurability , and the semantic behavior of antonymous adjectives . in addition , the semantic analysis is shown to support a straight forward compositional interpretation of syntactic representations in which adjectives project extended functional structure headed by degree morphology , thus bringing the analysis of the adjectival projection in line with current theoretical assumptions about the phrase structure and interpretation of the nominal and verbal projections . the proposals are formalized in terms of model-theoretic semantics and the principles and parameters syntactic framework . the text includes a comprehensive overview of previous approaches to the semantic analysis of gradable adjectives , as well as an introduction to some of the fundamental questions and puzzles involving the syntax and semantics of comparatives , and it presents new data which provide insight into the relation between comparatives and ellipsis . this book will be of interest to scholars in the areas of natural language semantics and the syntax-semantics interface , adjectives , comparative constructions , vagueness , antonymy , and english grammar in general . e - mail : info @ garland . com
 "",0
 2183,""Subject: linguistic theory and computational linguistics
  
  bod , rens ( university of amsterdam ) ; beyond grammar : an experience-based theory of language ; isbn : 1-57586 - 150 - x ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 151 - 8 ( cloth ) ; 184 pp . csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . during the last few years , a new approach to linguistic analysis has started to emerge . this approach , which has come to be known under various labels such as """" data-oriented parsing """" , """" corpus-based interpretation """" and """" treebank grammar """" , embodies the assumption that human language comprehension and production works with representations of concrete past language experiences rather than with abstract grammatical rules . the models that instantiate this approach operate by decomposing the given representations into fragments and recomposing those pieces to analyze ( infinitely many ) new utterances . a probability model is used to choose from the collection of different fragments those that make up the most appropriate representation of an utterance . this book shows how this general approach can apply to various kinds of linguistic representations , ranging from phrase-structure trees , compositional semantic representations , dialogue representations , and lexical-functional grammar representations . the resulting models are utilized for the automatic acquisition of language , for harnessing ambiguity and for processing of spoken dialogue . experiments with these models suggest that the productive units of natural language cannot be defined by a minimal set of rules or principles , but need to be defined by a large , redundant set of previously experienced structures . bod argues that this outcome has important consequences for linguistic theory , leading to an entirely new view of the nature of linguistic competence and the relationship between linguistic theory and models of performance . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-publications . stanford . edu /
 "",0
 2184,""Subject: cognitive science conference
  
  cogsci is an interdisciplinary research group , in which linguistics plays a major role . we would like to encourage linguists to submit papers to the conference . cognitive science society conference call for papers and proposals we are pleased to announce the twenty-first annual meeting of the cognitive science society on august 19-21 , 1999 . the conference site is vancouver , british columbia , on the downtown campus of simon fraser university . our goal in organizing this conference is to reflect the full spectrum of the many research areas in cognitive science . we welcome all submissions , and trust that multiple research themes will emerge naturally . we are especially interested in submissions in areas that have been under represented at recent conferences . there are six categories for submissions : spoken papers : 20 - minute spoken presentations ; reviewed and published as six-page papers in the proceedings . submission length : up to 2000 words . symposia : two - hour spoken presentations , including three or more well-integrated talks on a common topic ; reviewed and published as one-page abstracts in the proceedings . submission length : up to 1000 words . posters : standard poster presentations ; reviewed and published as 6 - page papers in the proceedings . submission length : up to 2000 words . abstract posters : poster presentations by full members of the society only ; not reviewed or published in the proceedings . submission length : up to 500 words . society members can submit abstracts for posters through march 6 , 1999 . tutorials : sessions devoted to technical tutorials may be offered . possible topics include hidden markov models , act model , cognitive task analysis , & fmri . for more information , see http : / / www . psychology . nottingham . ac . uk / staff / ritter / cogsci99 / proposals . html workshops : sessions devoted to education in cognitive science may also be offered . proposals for """" how-to """" sessions on undergraduate and graduate programs of study are requested . for more information , see http : / / depts . vassar . edu / ~ cogsci / workshops . html review process : submissions for spoken papers , standard posters , and symposia will be reviewed by these criteria : technical / theoretical merit ; relevance to a broad audience of cognitive science researchers ; clarity of presentation ; significance ; and originality . * * * * * all submissions will be refereed electronically . we require camera-ready paper copies only once accepted for publication . information on electronic submission formats can be found at our conference website : http : / / www . sfu . ca / cogsci99 / conference chair : prof . martin hahn email : cogsci99 @ sfu . ca postal mail : cogsci99 , c / o philosophy dept . , simon fraser univ . , vancouver , b . c . , v5a 1s6 deadline : all submissions must be received by february 6 , 1999 , for consideration . for cognitive science society membership information , please see http : / / www . umich . edu / ~ cogsci / or , contact the society office c / o prof . colleen seifert , univ . of michigan , 525 east university , ann arbor , mi , 48109-1109 ; phone : ( 734 ) 429-9248 ; fax : ( 734 ) 763-7480 ; email : cogsci @ umich . edu
 "",0
 2185,""Subject: information and communication technology
  
  eurocall ' 99 ( http : / / eurocall99 . univ-fcomte . fr ) first call for papers ( deadline : 31 january 1999 ) besancon ( france ) 15 - 18 september 1999 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the yearly conference of the european association eurocall ( http : / / www . hull . ac . uk / cti / eurocall . htm ) will be held in besancon from wednesday 15th to saturday 18th september 1999 . this conference is a unique opportunity to encourage and disseminate state of the art research and applications for the use of computer mediated environments for language learning . i ) themes - - - - - - - main theme - - - - - - - - - - information and communication technology ( ict ) in varied language learning environments for parallel sessions and poster sessions , priority will be given to papers focussing on the contribution of ict to one of the following learning environments : - continuing education ; life - long learning / education . - vocational training . - open and distance learning . - language classrooms at primary , secondary and tertiary levels . - multimedia language laboratories ; language resource centres . - self - directed learning ; autonomous learning . the specific contribution of ict in one of these learning situations could be studied from the following points of view : development and implementation of hypermedia and multimedia systems ; the use of ict for providing a learning context ; the nature , the status and the role of those involved in the use of ict and their training ( teachers , trainers , facilitators , counsellors , tutors , etc . ) ; learner-centred approaches ; the role and place of ict within the larger framework of cultural , intercultural acquisition , and communicative or conceptual approaches . second theme - - - - - - - - - - - evaluation of language skills and language testing this theme will provide a framework for the theoretical and practical discussion of the contribution of ict to the evaluation of language skills from multiple approaches such as the enunciative / functional point of view to be found in the dcl and delf ( diplme elmentaire de langue francaise ) exams , or the points of view of language testing and adaptive testing . reports about ongoing european or national evaluation projects will be most welcome . these two main themes will underpin the whole conference , will be echoed in several pre-conference seminars and parallel sessions and will be taken up in keynote addresses . other themes - - - - - - - - - - - as well as the main and secondary conference themes described above , papers and presentations are invited , either at theoretical or practical levels , discussing innovations in the field of ict with a view to improving language learning and acquisition ; the relations between ict and learning models ; learner-system interaction or interaction between the agents ( learner , trainer , tutor , etc . ) through ict ; the integration of ict in training systems . the following list is merely intended as a guide and is not exhaustive : * computer mediated communication : theoretical models and sociological aspects of language learning on the internet ; virtual classrooms ; linguistic interactions ; dialog exchange systems ; e-mail exchanges ( tandems ) ; video-conferencing ; multi-modal exchanges ( audio , video ) ; moos ; chat systems ; whiteboards . * nlp ( natural language processing ) and language learning : corpus-based learning ; speech technology and computer assisted pronunciation and intonation ; electronic dictionaries for learners ; on-line spelling and style checkers ; help systems for writing , grammar-learning and error diagnosis . * hypermedia and multimedia systems : hypertext tools ; help systems for web browsing and editing ; study of the relations between the verbal and non-verbal in ict with a view to facilitating learning ; authoring systems ; evaluation of ict . * a learner model : towards a model of the learner in ict and language acquisition ; identification , influence and evaluation of learning strategies , cognitive styles and social factors . * didactics : didactic strategies and models ; which metalanguage in ict ? the role of culture . * teacher training : national and european policies in teacher training and the training of teachers in ict ; the new role ( s ) of teachers . organisation - - - - - - - - - - - the pre-conference day ( wednesday 15 sept . , 1999 ) will offer both workshops and seminars . the format of the seminars will be either that of a formal lesson / tutorial about one of the ict themes mentioned above , or that of exchanges on one particular theme focussing either on a synthesis of existing research or a discussion of new research paradigms . the conference itself ( from thursday 16 to saturday 18 ( am ) ) will offer papers given by guest speakers , parallel paper sessions , show and tell sessions , posters and an ongoing demo - fair . for more information about these activities , please look at our website . if you want to : - submit a proposal for a paper , poster or show and tell session , please use the form of the next message . proposals in english , french or any other european languages are welcome . - propose to run a workshop or a seminar , have a look at our guidelines for submissions on our website . key dates - - - - - - - - - 31 january 1999 : deadline for submitting paper , show and tell , poster abstracts . - 31 march 1999 : notification of panels ' decision . - 31 may 1999 : deadline for early bird registration fee . - 16 september 1999 : abstracts publication . - 31 october 1999 : deadline for submitting full papers . - mai 2000 : publication in recall or alsic journals . contacts - - - - - - - eurocall ' 99 laboratoire lib , universit de franche - comt 16 route de gray , 25030 besancon cedex , france tel : 33 3 81 66 64 53 fax : 33 3 81 66 64 50 email : eurocall99 @ lib . univ-fcomte . fr internet : http : / / eurocall99 . univ-fcomte . fr proposals for papers , posters or show and tell must use the submission form ( see below ) . sending your form - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the main part of the form consists of an abstract . the abstract should be 600 words long for a paper and 300 words long for a poster or a show and tell . you may use one of the three following possibilities : 1 ) the online form ( http : / / eurocall99 . univ-fcomte . fr / eng / formresu . htm ) 2 ) e-mail . send the form in the body of the e-mail ( not as an attached file ) . send your e-mail to : eurocall99 @ lib . univ-fcomte . fr 3 ) ordinary mail . send : - the form ( which includes the abstract ) on a disk using one of the following formats : word ( mac or pc ) , rtf , ascii - and a hard copy of the form . send disk + hard copy to : thierry selva eurocall99 laboratoire d ' informatique de besancon universit de franche - comt 16 , route de gray 25030 besancon cedex , france = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = submission form information about the main author 1 . last name , first name and address of the main author . last name : first name : address : zip : city : country : 2 . main author 's e-mail , phone number ( optional ) and fax number ( optional ) . e - mail : phone number : fax number : 3 . main author 's occupation . select among : [ ] primary / secondary school system : teacher , [ ] primary / secondary school system : teacher trainer , [ ] university : lecturer , university : training administrator , [ ] trainer for adults , [ ] researcher , [ ] software developer , [ ] publisher , [ ] student , [ ] other . 4 . biodata . please briefly describe ( 4 lines max ) your background in ict and language learning . biodata : 5 . is the main author a member of one of these associations ? ( ignore if not ) associations member of eurocall yes [ ] no [ ] ; membership no ( if known ) : member of calico yes [ ] no [ ] ; membership no ( if known ) : information about co-authors 6 . information about co-authors : only last and first names , institution and e-mail . co - authors : information about the submission 7 . type of submission . for more details , see below . paper [ ] poster [ ] show & tell [ ] 8 . theme of the submission . in order to help us organise topics of the parallel sessions , first select among : main theme , second theme , or other themes , as described above . then select a sub-theme in each case , when applicable . several choices are possible . 8 . 1 main theme : [ ] information and communication technology ( ict ) in varied language learning environments if you submit within the main theme , please choose one of the following sub-themes : [ ] continuing education / life - long learning / education , [ ] vocational training , [ ] open and distance learning , [ ] language classrooms at primary / secondary / tertiary levels , [ ] multimedia language laboratories / language resource centres , [ ] self - directed learning / autonomous learning . 8 . 2 second theme : [ ] evaluation of language skills and language testing 8 . 3 other themes : [ ] if your submission belongs to """" other themes """" , select among the following sub-themes : [ ] computer mediated communication , [ ] nlp ( natural language processing ) and language learning , [ ] hypermedia and multimedia systems , [ ] learner modelling , [ ] didactics , [ ] teacher training , [ ] other . 9 . title of the submission . give the title in the language of the presentation . title : 10 . abstract . give the abstract in the language of the presentation . select as appropriate : * paper : 600 words * poster : 300 words * show and tell : 300 words . give a clear description of the software e . g . type , technical specification , desired learning outcomes , design principles , stage of development ( pilot or beta-testing , etc ) , evaluation of the software , and main characteristics . abstract : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = end of form = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = details of parallel session papers , show & tell and posters a ) parallel session papers parallel session papers on special themes will give researchers and practioners the opportunity to present their papers . all papers will be subject to review by the eurocall academic panel . the review selection procedure is rigorous and papers submitted after the 31st january deadline may not be considered . each presentation should last 45 minutes ( 30 minutes for the paper and 15 minutes for discussion ) . a selection of full papers will be published in recall after the conference and sent to participants , or in the french speaking online journal alsic . b ) show and tell participants who have developed an original piece of software are invited to give a 10 min talk followed by a 30 min demonstration . c ) posters participants present work in progress in the format of a poster . the selected participants can display their work and may have access to a machine in a dedicated room for demos . time slots will be allocated and scheduled everyday for informal talks . the selection procedure for show and tell and posters is the same as for papers . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - eurocall ' 99 , septembre / september 1999 , besancon , france conference europeenne sur les systemes d ' information et de communication pour l ' aide a l ' apprentissage des langues . european conference on computer assisted language learning toile / web : http : / / eurocall99 . univ-fcomte . fr mel / email : eurocall99 @ lib . univ-fcomte . fr telecopie : 03 81 66 64 50 / fax : 33 3 81 66 64 50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",0
 2186,""Subject: metaphor
  
  first circular and call for papers 11th euro - international systemic - functional workshop metaphor in systemic-functional perspectives 14-17 july 1999 university of gent ( belgium ) call for offers of papers and workshops we invite papers and proposals for group workshops on all aspects related to metaphor as seen from various systemic-functional perspectives . further information and instructions for the submission of abstracts and workshop proposals can be found on the workshop website at : http : / / bank . rug . ac . be / mt / workshop
 "",0
 2187,""Subject: applied linguistics , teaching foreign language
  
  universidad de las americas , puebla de p a r t a m e n t o d e l e n g u a s fourth regional symposium on applied linguistics 21-22 may 1999 call for papers the m . a . program in applied linguistics of the department of languages of the university of the americas / la universidad de las americas invites all those interested to participate in the fourth regional symposium on applied linguistics , with special emphasis on the acquisition and teaching of foreign languages . the objective of the symposium is to provide an opportunity for academic discussion , in-depth reflexion , and development of a richer knowledge of the different modalities implicated in the processes of the acquisition and teaching of a foreign language . presentations are welcomed in english , spanish , french , and other languages on all topics within the scope of applied linguistics . in order to cover all dimensions of the problems related to the acquisition and teaching of foreign languages , the symposium organizers propose to structure the forum around sub-themes to guide the selection of presentations and plenaries . due to existence of multiple components involved in the acquisition processs and of modern approaches to the teaching of foreign languages , the following theme was chosen for 1999 : socio - cultural issues . nevertheless , note that presentations on all topics related to applied linguistics are considered as well . we welcome workshops and talks of a more theoretical nature as well as presentations aimed at classroom practices . registration and participation in the fourth regional symposium on applied linguistics where ? when ? the symposium will take place in the auditorium of la universidad de las americas - puebla , situated on the grounds of the former hacienda santa catarina martir , san andres cholula , puebla , on friday and saturday , 21-22 may 1999 . fees ? for those who wish to participate in the activities , the fees are $ 100 . 00 and $ 40 . 00 for full-time students ( note that some form of student identification is required . ) . forms of payment : cash is preferred on the first day of the symposium at registration . how ? for those who wish to attend only as participants , please inform us in advance of your intention . we accept reservations from november , 1998 . please telephone caty orozco or liliana ajuria at + 52 ( 22 ) 29-31 - 05 . for those who wish to give a presentation , please send an abstract of 250 words , indicating at the top right hand corner if it is for a workshop ( 60 mins . ) or a talk ( 30 mins . ) . here are the guidelines : 1 . send three ( 3 ) copies of an abstract of not longer than 250 words , typed , double-spaced . include a title for the abstract . 2 . give the name and academic title of each presenter . 3 . at the top left-hand corner of one of the abstracts , give the name and complete address of the main presenter . include the telephone number , fax number , and e-mail address of the main author . do not include this information on two of the abstracts . deadlines ? the abstracts must be received by the 15 of march , 1999 . regular mail , e-mail ( locastro @ mail . udlap . mx ) or faxed abstracts ( + 52 ( 22 ) 29-31 - 01 ) are acceptable . notification of acceptance to present a paper or workshop will be send out the 15 of april . presenters do not have to pay the registration fee . note that , if the guidelines are not followed as specified above , there is a risk that the abstract will not be accepted . organizing committee of the fourth regional symposium on applied linguistics departamento de lenguas , universidad de las americas ex . hacienda sta catarina martir 72820 san andres , cholula , puebla , mexico telephone : ( 22 ) 29 31 05 fax : ( 22 ) 29 31 01 virginia locastro ( 22 ) 29 31 85 locastro @ mail . udlap . mx lydia giles ( 22 ) 29 31 19 lgiles @ mail . udlap . mx magdalena mejia ( 22 ) 29 31 35 mmejia @ mail . udlap . mx symposium themes 1998 political - economis issues 1999 socio - cultural issues 2000 psychological issues 2001 technological and educational issues virginia locastro , ph . d . , ( lancaster university ) departamento de lenguas universidad de las americas 72820 puebla , mexico tel : + 52 ( 22 ) 29-31 - 05 + 52 ( 22 ) 29-31 - 85 direct fax : + 52 ( 22 ) 29-31 - 01 e-mail : locastro @ mail . pue . udlap . mx
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 2188,""Subject: conference program ( ling . symp . & math . ling . )
  
  xxviii linguistic symposium on romance languages ( lsrl 28 ) & workshop on mathematical linguistics ( wml ) conference program all talks will take place at the nittany lion inn 200 west park avenue , state college , pennsylvania 1-800 - 233-7505 or ( 814 ) 865-8500 . for additional information , consult the conference website at http : / / www . psu . edu / lsrl / thursday , april 16 , 1998 8 : 30 pm - 11 : 00 pm registration , rotunda lobby 8 : 30 pm - 9 : 00 pm refreshments , ballroom d - e 9 : 00 pm opening remarks , susan welch , dean of the college of the liberal arts , ballroom d - e 9 : 15 pm - 10 : 15 pm invited lecture , richard kayne , new york university , """" clitic doubling , movement , and binding theory , """" ballroom d - e friday , april 17 , 1998 8 : 00 am - 9 : 00 am coffee , tea & breakfast rolls , boardrooms i & ii 8 : 30 am - 11 : 30 am registration , rotunda lobby 8 : 30 am - 5 : 00 pm book exhibits , colonial rooms i & ii special open workshop on mathematical linguistics title : what should linguists expect from mathematical linguistics ? boardrooms i & ii chair : lisa a . reed , the pennsylvania state university 9 : 00 am carlos martin - vide , rovira i virgili university gheorghe paun , romanian academy grzegorz rozenberg , leiden university & arto salomaa , university of turku """" x - families : an approach to the study of families of syntactically similar languages """" 10 : 00 am walter j . savitch , university of california , san diego """" computational complexity in language models """" 11 : 00 am - 11 : 15 am refreshment break , boardrooms i & ii parallel sessions session 1 , lsrl ( boardrooms i & ii ) chair : heles contreras , university of washington 11 : 15 am margarita suner , cornell university """" a crosslinguistic view of object shift """" 11 : 45 am jon a . franco , universidad de deusto , bilbao & errapel mejias - bikandi , university of nebraska - lincoln """" the presuppositionality condition on spanish clitic doubled objects """" 12 : 15 pm maarten de wind , university of amsterdam & holland institute of generative linguistics """" deriving heavy np - shift in french """" session 2 , wml ( assembly room ) chair : carlos martin - vide , rovira i virgili university 11 : 15 am relja vulanovic , kent state university """" grammar efficiency and the historical development of word order in french """" 11 : 45 am claude del vigna , centre national de la recherche scientifique , paris """" commands as binary relations """" 12 : 15 pm javier gutierrez - rexach , the ohio state university """" generalized minimalist grammars """" 12 : 45 pm - 1 : 45 pm lunch break session 3 , lsrl ( boardrooms i & ii ) chair : grant goodall , university of texas at el paso 2 : 00 pm heles contreras , university of washington """" negation in english and spanish : is there a neg - parameter ? """" 2 : 30 pm ricardo etxepare , l . e . i . a . , spain """" paratactic dependencies and covert merge """" 3 : 00 pm raffaella zanuttini & paul portner , georgetown university """" the independence of specifier and head of cp """" 3 : 30 pm refreshment break 3 : 45 pm invited lecture , karen zagona , university of washington """" tense construal , clausal structure , and feature checking , """" boardrooms i & ii session 4 , wml ( assembly room ) chair : walter j . savitch , university of california , san diego 2 : 00 pm manfred kudlek , universitat hamburg carlos martin - vide , rovira i virgili university & alexandru mateescu , turku centre for computer science """" an infinite hierarchy of mildly context - sensitive families of languages """" 2 : 30 pm jose f . quesada , centro de informatica cientifica de andalucia , sevilla """" overparsing """" 3 : 00 pm gerhard jager , university of pennsylvania """" on the generative capacity of multi - modal categorial grammars """" 3 : 30 pm valeria mihalache , turku centre for computer science """" grammar systems : a cooperating distributed framework for the syntax of natural languages """" 4 : 00 pm vincenzo manca , universita di pisa """" logical splicing in natural languages """" 4 : 30 pm - 4 : 45 pm wml closing remarks 5 : 00 pm - 6 : 00 pm reception , alumni fireside lounge 6 : 00 pm - 7 : 45 pm dinner break 7 : 30 pm - 8 : 00 pm refreshments , assembly room 8 : 00 pm - 9 : 00 pm public lecture on historical linguistics , philip baldi , the pennsylvania state university """" reclaimimg the linguistic past , """" assembly room saturday , april 18 , 1998 8 : 00 am - 8 : 30 am coffee , tea & breakfast rolls , boardrooms i & ii 8 : 30 am - 11 : 30 am registration , rotunda lobby 8 : 30 am - 5 : 00 pm book exhibits , colonial rooms i & ii parallel sessions session 5 ( boardrooms i & ii ) chair : margarita suner , cornell university 8 : 30 am christina m . tortora , university of michigan """" on the non - existence of non - agreeing i - subjects in romance """" 9 : 00 am grant goodall , university of texas at el paso """" passives and arbitrary plural subjects in spanish """" 9 : 30 am mihaela pirvulescu & yves roberge , university of toronto """" romanian , objects , and the structure of imperatives """" session 6 ( assembly room ) chair : holly j . nibert , the pennsylvania state university 8 : 30 am james p . giangola , general magic , inc . """" the optimization of portuguese verb representations : vowel harmony revisited """" 9 : 00 am yolanda rivera - castillo , university of houston - downtown , """" constraints on stem vowel alternations and dipthongization in spanish : a lexical account """" 9 : 30 am viola miglio , university of maryland """" towards a typology of vowel reduction phenomena in romance """" 10 : 00 am refreshment break session 7 ( boardrooms i & ii ) chair : sandra savignon , the pennsylvania state university 10 : 30 am marie - therese vinet , universite de sherbrooke """" aspectual modification and the licensing of - tu pas in quebec french """" 11 : 00 am julia herschensohn , university of washington """" minimalist access to ug in l2 french """" 11 : 30 am j . m . liceras , e . valenzuela , e . rosado university of ottawa & l . diaz , universitat pompeu fabra , barcelona """" the role of morphological paradigms in the acquisition of syntactic knowledge : n - drop and null subjects in l1 and l2 spanish """" session 8 ( assembly room ) chair : mary ellen scullen , university of louisville 10 : 30 am bernard tranel , university of california , irvine """" optional schwa deletion : on syllable economy in french """" 11 : 00 am mariapaola d ' imperio & sam rosenthall , the ohio state university """" phonetics and phonology of italian main stress """" 11 : 30 am randall gess , university of utah """" positional faithfulness vs . cue preservation : the case of nasal sequence resolution in gallo - romance """" 12 : 00 pm - 1 : 15 pm lunch break 1 : 30 pm invited lecture , donca steriade , university of california , los angeles """" lexical conservatism effects in french adjectival liaison , """" boardrooms i & ii session 9 ( boardrooms i & ii ) chair : lisa noetzel , franklin and marshall college 2 : 45 pm jairo nunes , unicamp , brazil & eduardo raposo , university of california , santa barbara """" ajectival agreement in portuguese inflected infinitives : against the necessity of non - trivial chains for f - checking """" 3 : 15 pm aafke hulk , university of amsterdam & christine tellier , universite de montreal """" conflictual agreement in romance nominals """" 3 : 45 pm marie claude boivin , massachusetts institute of technology """" case - feature checking and its consequences : evidence from en-cliticization in french """" session 10 ( assembly room ) chair : marie gillette , the pennsylvania state university 2 : 45 pm j . clancy clements , indiana university """" spanish overt case marking and basic word order : a morphological approach """" 3 : 15 pm vieri samek - lodovici , universitat konstanz """" on ' ghost ' verbs in italian nominalizations and their relevance for the unitary base hypothesis """" 3 : 45 pm anna m . thornton , universita dell ' aquila """" gender and inflectional class assignment in italian nouns """" 4 : 15 pm refreshment break session 11 ( boardrooms i & ii ) chair : paul portner , georgetown university 4 : 30 pm liliana sanchez , carnegie mellon university , """" null objects in contact varieties of spanish """" 5 : 00 pm tonia bleam , university of delaware """" object bare plurals in spanish and the semantics of personal a """" 5 : 30 pm javier gutierrez - rexach , the ohio state university """" group indefinites """" session 12 ( assembly room ) chair : margaret kehoe , the pennsylvania state university 4 : 30 pm s . j . hannahs , university of durham """" unexceptional exceptions and french glides """" 5 : 00 pm ellen m . kaisse , university of washington """" resyllabification precedes all segmental rules : evidence from argentinian spanish """" 5 : 30 pm c . wiltshire & e . maranzana , university of florida , gainesville """" geminates and clusters in italian and piedmontese : a case for ot ranking """" 6 : 00 pm - 6 : 30 pm open business meeting , boardrooms i & ii 8 : 30 pm - 10 : 00 pm banquet , the tavern restaurant , 220 east college ave . sunday , april 19 , 1998 8 : 00 am - 8 : 30 am coffee , tea & breakfast rolls , boardrooms i & ii general session 13 ( boardrooms i & ii ) chair : christine tellier , universite de montreal 8 : 30 am geraldine legendre , johns hopkins university """" revisiting french stylistic and complex inversion """" 9 : 00 am jose camacho , rutgers university """" how similar are conjuncts ? """" 9 : 30 am gorka elordieta , university of california , los angeles """" morphosyntax driving phonology : the case of french liaison """" 10 : 00 am refreshment break general session 14 ( boardrooms i & ii ) chair : geraldine legendre , johns hopkins university 10 : 30 am virginia motapanyane , university of new brunswick , saint john """" de - supines and object - to - subject raising """" 11 : 00 am ana t . perez - leroux , the pennsylvania state university """" possessor anaphors and the structure of dps """" 11 : 30 am luis silva - villar , university of california , los angeles & javier gutierrez - rexach , the ohio state university """" demonstratives and feature based derivations """" alternate speakers : phonology : travis bradley , the pennsylvania state university """" assibilation in ecuadorian spanish : a phonology - phonetics account """" semantics : elena herburger , georgetown university """" lexical ambiguity is not always evil : the case of ( ni ) - ni """" syntax : asun martinez - arbelaiz , michigan state university """" spanish double cp : evidence against government in wh - feature selection """" cecilia poletto , universita di padova & raffaella zanuttini , georgetown university """" the syntax of imperatives : evidence from rhaetoromance """" the lsrl 28 organizing committee ( marc authier , barbara bullock & lisa reed ) wishes to thank the following penn state units for their financial support of lsrl 28 : continuing and distance education the research and graduate studies office of the college of the liberal arts the department of french the department of spanish , italian , and portuguese the center for linguistics the office of international partnerships and academic linkages the department of classics and ancient mediterranean studies the department of philosophy the department of psychology we would also like to acknowledge the invaluable assistance of geoffrey conrad , lori fox benson & chuck wilson in planning this meeting of the lsrl . additional thanks to the scholars who reviewed abstracts for lsrl 28 : joseph aoun , julie auger , andrea calabrese , hector campos , gennaro chierchia , heles contreras , violeta demonte , donka farkas , randall gess , grant goodall , jorge guitart , barbara hancin - bhatt , james harris , julia herschensohn , jose hualde , haike jacobs , juana liceras , john lipski , diane massam , jean - pierre montreuil , alfonso morales - front , donna jo napoli , rafael nunez - cedeno , ana perez - leroux , paul m . postal , lori repetti , yves roberge , mario saltarelli , lisa selkirk , dominique sportiche , donca steriade , margarita suner , esther torrego , bernard tranel , co vet , marie - therese vinet , amy weinberg , lydia white , karen zagona , raffaella zanuttini & maria - luisa zubizarreta . finally , we wish to thank carlos martin - vide for organizing the concurrent workshop on mathematical linguistics ; robert berwick & walter j . savitch for serving on the wml program committee ; and philip baldi for giving an outreach lecture .
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 2189,""Subject: head - driven phrase structure grammar
  
  first call for papers hpsg-99 6th international conference on head - driven phrase structure grammar university of edinburgh august 4 - 6 , 1999 the 6th international conference on hpsg will be held at the university of edinburgh , scotland , on august 4th to 6th 1999 , hosted by the human communication research centre and the department of linguistics . abstracts are solicited for 20 - minute presentations ( followed by 10 minutes of discussion ) which address linguistic , foundational , or computational issues relating to the framework of head - driven phrase structure grammar . special session and invited speakers the conference will feature a special session on grammatical interfaces , exploring the interaction of parts of the sign that encode different types of grammatical information , e . g . syntax / morphology , semantics / syntax , phonology / syntax , etc . this session will have a number of invited speakers , as well as submitted papers . the second call for papers will provide further details about the invited speakers . submissions for the session should be made in the same way as for the main session , but marked ' grammatical interfaces ' . submission details we invite e-mail submissions of abstracts for 30 - minute papers ( including questions and comments ) . a submission should consist of two parts : - an information sheet ( in ascii ) , containing the name of the author ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , e-mail and postal address ( es ) and a title ; - an abstract , consisting of a description of not more than 5 pages ( including figures and references ) . abstracts may be either in plain ascii or in ( unix-compatible encoded ) postscript , pdf , or dvi . abstracts can be sent to hpsg99 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk abstract submission deadline february 15th 1999 notification of acceptance april 18th 1999 publication pending final approval by the publisher , a selected number of papers will be published as a volume of the csli - series """" studies in constraint - based lexicalism """" , with series editors andreas kathol , jean - pierre koenig and sam mchombo . there will be a separate round of submission and reviewing for this volume after the conference . it is also hoped that a volume of papers on the topic of the special session will be published by oxford university press . programme committee philip miller ( lille , chair ) ronnie cann ( edinburgh , chair ) claire grover ( edinburgh , local arrangements ) bob borsley stephen mueller jong bok , kim adam przepiorkowski dimitra kolliakou enric vallduvi marie labelle frank van eynde bob levine shuly wintner paola monachesi further information web site for hpsg-99 : http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ hpsg99 / for further enquiries mail : hpsg99 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk
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 2190,""Subject: metaphor / artificial intelligence and cognition
  
  symposium on metaphor , ai and cognition = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = at the aisb ' 99 convention , 6th - 9th april 1999 edinburgh college of art & division of informatics , university of edinburgh u . k . convention url : http : / / www . dai . ed . ac . uk / daidb / people / homes / geraint / aisb99 / cfp url for this symposium : . . . same as above . . . / 08 - metaphor call for papers the convention - - - - - - - - - - - - - the aisb ' 99 convention will be held in edinburgh in april 1999 . it will consist of 13 workshops and symposia on a wide range of themes in artificial intelligence and cognitive science . an underlying theme of the convention this year is the study of creativity , though not all of the events include a creative element . further details of aisb ' 99 will be found at the conference web site , listed above . the metaphor symposium - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - paper submissions are invited for the symposium on metaphor , ai and cognition . metaphor has been shown to arise frequently and systematically in everyday text and speech , and in specific types of discourse such as educational interchange . it is also of great practical importance in various other areas of life , including graphical representation , music , visual art and computer interface usage . it is therefore an important concern for ai ( and cognitive science generally ) . with the increasing use of computers in society , and the increasing relevance of ai to the development of people-friendly systems , the topic of metaphor must be given much more computational attention than it has been if such systems are truly to succeed . the symposium welcomes contributions on metaphor that seek to illuminate how people or ai systems do or could process metaphor , in whatever medium or form of life it appears . field studies , corpus-based studies and linguistic or philosophical analyses are also welcome , especially if they illuminate difficult processing problems that must be faced . the more computationally , processually , representationally or mathematically specific a contribution to the workshop is , the better ; but contributions that are not specific in these regards will be considered . the areas of interest of the symposium on metaphor , ai and cognition will include , but are not limited to , the following : o handling familiar ( conventional ) metaphor o handling novel metaphor o detecting metaphor in utterances , pictures , diagrams , etc . o extracting metaphorical meaning or connotations o metaphor-based reasoning o generating metaphorical utterances , diagrams , etc . o translation of metaphorical utterances o relationship of metaphor to analogy o relationship of metaphor to literal meaning o frequency of metaphor in discourse o relationship of metaphor to lexicons o effect of metaphor on comprehension , learning , etc . o effect of metaphorical views of computation , intelligence , etc . on the conduct of ai and cognitive science o relationship of metaphor to other non-literal forms of expression or cognition . papers will be selected by anonymous peer review of extended abstracts of not more than 4 a4 pages . a cover page should be supplied listing the title , and the author 's name and affiliation , but the extended abstract itself should not identify the author . deadlines are listed in the timetable , below . programme chair : john barnden school of computer science university of birmingham u . k . j . a . barnden @ cs . bham . ac . uk http : / / www . cs . bham . ac . uk / ~ jab ( + 44 ) ( 0 ) 121-414 - 3816 programme committee : richard coyne department of architecture university of edinburgh u . k . ann dowker department of experimental psychology university of oxford u . k . mark lee school of computer science university of birmingham u . k . tony veale school of computer applications dublin city university eire . yorick wilks department of computer science university of sheffield u . k . submissions should be sent to the programme chair at the following address : school of computer science the university of birmingham edgbaston birmingham b15 2tt u . k . or by email to j . a . barnden @ cs . bham . ac . uk . the following formats are acceptable : hardcopy : 4 copies by email : plain text or unix postscript * only * . timetable submission of extended abstracts : 21 december ' 98 notification of result : 20 january ' 99 submission of camera-ready copy : 12 march ' 99
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 2191,""Subject: semantics : m . honcoop , dynamic excursions on weak islands
  
  from holland academic graphics dynamic excursions on weak islands by martin honcoop dynamic excursions on weak island investigates the phenomenon of weak islands within the framework of dynamic semantics . weak islands are contexts that are transparent with respect to some , though not all quantificational dependencies that involve an operator and a variable-expression . specifically , this book explores the consequences of the novel claim that weak islands reduce to the same principles of dynamic semantics that account for inaccessibility . in addition , it examines in both empirical and theoretical terms the precise relationship between the dynamic theory of weak islands and the algebraic semantic approach developed by szabolcsi & zwarts ( 1993 ) . this inquiry leads to a number of further developments of dynamic semantics , such as an intensional version of existential disclosure and an algorithm for computing the dynamic properties of an expression on the basis of its boolean properties . contents : 1 . preamble : a semantic account of weak islands 2 . a dynamic semantics 3 . dynamic binding across weak islands algaebraic versus dynamic perspectives on weak islands 5 . summary and conclusions 1998 . xx + 218 pp . isbn : 90 5569 056 2 . paperback . [ lot international series 13 . hil / leiden university dissertation . ] price for individuals ordering directly from the publisher : nlg 38 . 40 . holland academic graphics < http : / / www . hagpub . com > po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands
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 2192,""Subject: socioling : m . vd haagen , caught between norms : american or british
  
  > from holland academic graphics : the english pronunciation of dutch learners caught between norms monique van der haagen this book aims to show to what extent this is true that the english pronunciation of young dutch speakers sounds more and more american . it reports on the english pronunciation of 204 secondary school pupils in amsterdam , groningen , venlo and nijmegen . in addition , it investigates what character traits these pupils associate with male and female speakers of british and american english . this was done by means of a listening test in which the pupils judged a total of twelve speakers of both varieties on a number of such traits . finally , it attempts to relate the pupils ' pronunciation to the results of attitude as well as preference tests . the production data reveal that in free speech 40 % of the occurrences of the variables investigated show an american pronunciation . the preference test shows that the pupils regard british english as the norm , but that there is a shift in preference towards american english for most of the variables . the attitude test showed that americans and britons were considered equal in social status , but americans are considered more dynamic , especially female speakers . there was a considerable difference between learners from different educational levels , and between learners from different geographical areas , but , contrary to the usual sociolinguistic finding , there was no difference between male and female subjects in any of the tests . contents : 1 . introduction 2 . method 3 . pronunciation 4 . attitudes 5 . recognition and preference 6 . conclusion 1998 . viii + 138 pp . isbn : 90 5569 055 4 . paperback . [ lot international series 12 . cls / nijmegen university dissertation . ] price for individuals ordering directly from the publisher : nlg 29 . 60 . holland academic graphics < http : / / www . hagpub . com > po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
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 2193,""Subject: consciousness conference announcement
  
  society for the anthropology of consciousness a section of the american anthropological association spring annual conference 1999 call for papers march 24-28 , 1999 university of california , berkeley the faculty club conference theme manifestations of human consciousness through culture abstracts will be considered only if accompanied with full registration payment . please send your request for a registration packet to : helmut wautischer , program chair department of philosophy sonoma state university 1801 e . cotati ave . rohnert park , ca 94928 fax ( 707 ) 664-2505 wautisch @ sonoma . edu the deadline for submission of abstracts plus dues is monday , january 11 , 1999 . please request your registration packet before the 30th of november to assure timely processing during the holiday season . requests and inquiries after december 1st can be received and processed only via e-mail . for anyone wishing to do papers in the general area of language and consciousness , please cc : me at dalford @ haywire . csuhayward . edu
 "",0
 2194,""Subject: malay / indonesian linguistics symposium
  
  the third symposium on malay / indonesian linguistics 24-25 august 1999 amsterdam , the netherlands short reminder : persons wishing to present a paper at the symposium are invited to submit a one-page abstract , by regular mail , email , or fax , to david gil , at any of the addresses below . deadline for submission of abstracts : 15 may 1999 early submission of abstracts is encouraged . for additional information , including the full text of the call for abstracts , plus occasional updates , visit the symposium webpage : http : / / www . ling . udel . edu / pcole / malayindonesian3 / index . htm david gil department of linguistics max planck institute for evolutionary anthropology inselstrasse 22 , d-04103 leipzig , germany telephone : 44-341 - 9952310 fax : 44-341 - 9952119 email : gil @ eva . mpg . de
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 2195,""Subject: 1998 tls : exploring the boundaries between phonetics and phonology
  
  1998 conference of the texas linguistics society exploring the boundaries between phonetics and phonology march 13-15 , 1998 the university of texas at austin - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - friday , march 13th * 8 : 45 - 9 : 45 registration and coffee * 9 : 45 - 10 : 00 opening remarks * 10 : 00 - 10 : 40 natasha warner ( university of california , berkeley ) o integrating speech perception and formal phonology * 10 : 40 - 11 : 20 randall gess ( university of utah ) o phonetics vs . phonology in sound change : what ot has to say 11 : 20 - 11 : 30 break * 11 : 30 - 12 : 10 lisa lavoie ( cornell university ) o effects of prosodic structure on phonetic and phonological consonant weakening * 12 : 10 - 12 : 50 tivoli majors ( university of texas at austin ) o the parallel role of stress in vowel harmony and v - v coarticulation 12 : 50 - 2 : 30 lunch * 2 : 30 - 3 : 10 kenneth de jong ( indiana university ) bushra zawaydeh ( indiana university ) o a sketch of arabic stress and durational structure * 3 : 10 - 3 : 50 anna bosch ( university of kentucky ) kenneth de jong ( indiana university ) o syllables and supersyllables : evidence for low level phonological domains 3 : 50 - 4 : 00 break * 4 : 00 - 5 : 00 keynote address : abigail cohn ( cornell university ) saturday , march 14th 8 : 30 - 9 : 00 registration and coffee * 9 : 00 - 10 : 00 keynote address : patricia keating ( ucla ) 10 : 00 - 10 : 10 break * 10 : 10 - 10 : 50 robert j . podesva ( cornell university ) o an acoustic analysis of buginese consonants * 10 : 50 - 11 : 30 bill ham ( cornell university ) o some effects of language - specific timing strategies on vowel duration 11 : 30 - 1 : 00 lunch * 1 : 00 - 1 : 40 bushra zawaydeh ( indiana university ) o the natural class guttural : endoscopic and acoustic evidence * 1 : 40 - 2 : 20 madelaine plauche ( university of california , berkeley ) o glottalized sonorants in yowlumne * 2 : 20 - 3 : 00 ioana chitoran ( dartmouth college ) o georgian harmonic clusters : phonetic cues to phonological patterns 3 : 00 - 3 : 10 break * 3 : 10 - 3 : 50 chip gerfen ( university of north carolina , chapel hill ) paul denisowski ( university of north carolina , chapel hill ) o h ( igh ) - h ( igh ) , l ( ow ) - l ( ow ) , w ( hats ) - w ( hat ) ? * 3 : 50 - 4 : 30 scott myers ( university of texas at austin ) o surface underspecification of tone in chichewa saturday night : party ! sunday , march 15th 8 : 30 - 9 : 00 coffee * 9 : 00 - 10 : 00 keynote address : janet pierrehumbert ( northwestern university ) 10 : 00 - 10 : 10 break * 10 : 10 - 10 : 50 ayako tsuchida ( rutgers university ) o phonetic and phonological vowel devoicing in japanese * 10 : 50 - 11 : 30 allyson carter ( university of arizona ) o the phonetic manifestation of unfooted syllables : evidence from young childrens weak syllable omissions * 11 : 30 - 12 : 10 iris smorodinsky ( haskins laboratories & yale university ) o the phonology and phonetics of schwa in parisian french : an articulatory analysis for more information , see our website at : http : / / uts . cc . utexas . edu / ~ tls /
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 2196,""Subject: slavic languages
  
  3rd european conference on formal description of slavic languages 1 - 3 december , 1999 hosted by the university of leipzig the slavic department of the university of leipzig is pleased to announce the 3rd european conference on formal description of slavic languages ( fdsl - 3 ) . abstracts are invited for 30 - minute talks ( 20 - minute presentation plus 10 minutes for discussion ) on the syntax , morphology , phonology , semantics , and psycholinguistics of slavic languages . presentations will be in any slavic language , english or german . deadline for receipt of abstracts : may 30 , 1999 how to submit abstracts : abstract submission must be by post ( email submissions will not be accepted ) . send 4 copies of an anonymous one-page abstract to the postal address below . one additional page with references , figures and data ( no text ) may be appended , if necessary . please include an extra sheet of paper with : - title of paper - your name ( and title ) - complete mailing address and affiliation ( or home address , if necessary ) - telephone and fax numbers - email address ( and url of personal homepage ) authors whose abstracts are accepted will be notified in mid - july 1999 . those interested in attending fdsl - 3 are invited to register their email and / or postal addresses at the conference address below ( email is preferred for all communication except submission of abstracts ) . additional information is available at the fdsl - 3 web site : < http : / / www . uni-leipzig . de / ~ jungslav / fdsl / fdsl - 3 / fdsl - 3 . html organizing committee : gerhild zybatow , uwe junghanns , grit mehlhorn , luka szucsich postal address : universitaet leipzig institut fuer slavistik fdsl - 3 organizing committee augustusplatz 9 04109 leipzig germany email : < fdsl - 3 @ rz . uni-leipzig . de > phone : + + 49-341 - 97 37 450 , - 454 fax : + + 49-341 - 97 37 499
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 2197,""Subject: interdisciplinary approaches to latin america
  
  crossing boundaries : interdisciplinary approaches to latin america 29th june - 2nd july 1999 call for papers this international conference aims to explore some of the contemporary cultural debates taking place about latin america and to draw together the various strands of those debates in a multidisciplinary forum . papers might consider the various issues around modernization , hybridity , or transculturation as they apply to various fields of study . papers would be welcome in any of the following fields : cultural studies , literature ( particularly those looking at trends in contemporary narrative including neo-avantgarde and popular fiction ) , drama studies , cinema , gender studies , popular culture , comparative literature , anthropology , ethnography , sociology , linguistics , economics , politics and / or law . symposia proposed so far include ' exile : the latin american experience ' , ' indigenismo & negrismo ' , ' u . s . & latin america ' . papers should be no longer than 20 minutes . abstracts of no more than 200 words in english , spanish or portuguese should be sent , preferably by email , to the conference organisers ( see below ) , department of languages and cultural studies , university of limerick , ireland by the 31st of january 1999 . conference organizers nuala finnegan , kate quinn , nancy serrano , department of languages and cultural studies , university of limerick , limerick , ireland . tel . 353 61 202700 fax : 353 61 330316 email : nuala . finnegan @ ul . ie , kate . quinn @ ul . ie , nancy . serrano @ ul . ie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - for updates etc . , please visit our webpage : http : / / www . ul . ie / ~ neylonm / conf . html mr . michele j . neylon , department of language & cultural studies , university of limerick , limerick , ireland tel . 353-61 - 202670 http : / / www . ul . ie / ~ neylonm / index . html _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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 2198,""Subject: 2nd call : germanic linguistics annual conf
  
  2nd call for papers germanic linguistics annual conference-5 ( glac - 5 ) will take place at the university of texas at austin , april 16-18 , 1999 . invited keynote speakers : prof . harald clahsen , university of essex prof . geoffrey russom , brown university we invite colleagues at all levels ( faculty and graduate students ) to submit abstracts for 30 - minute papers on any linguistic or philological aspect of any historic or modern germanic language or dialect , including english ( to 1500 ) and the extraterritorial varieties . papers from a range of linguistic subfields , including phonetics , phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics , sociolinguistics , language acquisition , contact , and change , as well as differing theoretical approaches , are especially welcome . please send to the address below a one-page , 12 - point font abstract that is headed only by the title of your paper , as well as a separate 3 """" x 5 """" index card with your name , institutional affiliation , mailing address , phone / fax numbers , e-mail address , and the title of your paper . submissions must be received by january 2 , 1999 . notifications of acceptance will be sent out by february 1 , 1999 . glac - 5 department of germanic studies e . p . schoch 3 . 102 university of texas at austin austin , texas 78712 for more information , e-mail prof . mark l . louden ( louden @ mail . utexas . edu ) or prof . mark r . v . southern ( m . southern @ mail . utexas . edu ) . you may also consult the glac - 5 website at http : / / www . utexas . edu / courses / louden / glac . html mark l . louden associate professor department of germanic languages eps 3 . 102 ut - austin austin , texas 78712 ( office ) ( 512 ) 471-4123 ( fax ) ( 512 ) 471-4025 ( home ) ( 830 ) 672-2392 - - note new area code !
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 2199,""Subject: 7th european nlg workshop
  
  7th european workshop on natural language generation call for papers toulouse ( france ) , may 13-15 1999 this seventh european workshop on natural language generation will focus on all aspects of computational linguistics and industrial applications related to natural language generation . papers related to theoretical aspects , applied research and ongoing projects are encouraged . natural language generation being the study of a number of models , approaches and systems , the workshop will include , besides classical topics , scientific domains in which natural language generation plays an important role , such as speech , dialogue , multi-media interfaces , psycho-linguistics , and theoretical linguistics . relevant application domains include all types of applications ( mt , ir and ie , etc . ) in which generation plays an important role and where specific techniques or models of generation have been developed . the main topics are the following , without excluding others : - lexical aspects : phonology , morphology , syntax and semantics , - syntactic aspects , - semantic and pragmatic aspects , - speech synthesis and nlg , oral dialogue , - construction of knowledge bases for nlg , - applications of nlg : mt , summarization , report generation , etc . , - multi-media generation including graphics , numerical information , and texts in various formats , etc . , - psycholinguistic aspects of nlg : in speech production , in discourse production and management , in lexicalization , etc . - architectures for nlg , - internet and web applications using nlg . multiple submissions must be mentioned , and if the paper is accepted at several places , presentation at the workshop will be conditional to the paper been withdrawn from these other places . papers should be prepared in latex ( preferably ) or in word ( send rtf file ) , not exceeding 4000 words ( about 8 to 10 pages long ) , including references . more details about format submissions will be given soon on the workshop web site . papers must relate original , unpublished work . work in progress can also be submitted . papers must include the authors ' name , full address and e-mail . they will be reviewed anonymously . therefore , a title page must come separately , with the title of the paper , the abstract , the authors ' names and addresses , and , if appropriate , the mention of multiple submissions ( and where the paper has been submitted ) . no indication of the authors ' identity must appear in the text of the paper . deadlines : january 25th submission of papers by e-mail march 10th notification of acceptance / rejection april 15th final paper due ( paper copy ) may 13-15 workshop papers and all correspondence should be sent to stdizier @ irit . fr programme committee : christy doran wolfgang hoeppner helmut horacek eduard hovy guy lapalme kathy mccoy david mcdonald kathy mckeown chris mellish cecile paris patrick saint - dizier manfred stede michael zock local organization information : web site ( forthcoming ) : http : / / www . irit . fr / manifs / manifs . html look for : ewnlg ' 99 . the meeting will be held in toulouse downtown , in the holiday inn hotel , on the famous ` place du capitole ' , in the heart of the old town . toulouse has an international airport , with many national and european destinations . there are many places worth visiting in the city , all within about 10 minutes walking distance ( museums , old roman - style churches , 16th - 17th century private houses with inner yards , etc . ) . fees should be around 750 french francs ( about 130 us $ ) , for 2 days , including two lunches , the breaks and the proceedings . for three days , fees will be about 1000f . blocks of rooms will be reserved in the hotel meeting ( 530f per room per day , incl . buffet breakfast ) and in other , cheaper , hotels around at preferential rates .
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 2200,""Subject: morphophonemics / slavic languages
  
  marta harasowska morphophonemic variability , productivity , and change the case of rusyn 1998 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xv , 266 pages cloth dm 198 , - / approx . us $ 124 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 015761 - 6 trends in linguistics . studies and monographs 110 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this volume presents an in-depth investigation of processes influencing morphophonemic variability , productivity , and change . the author adopts the labovian approach to the study of language and examines both linguistic and extra-linguistic factors which bear on language use . bybee 's analogy-based model of morphology provides the ` psychologically real ' theoretical framework for representing the linguistic processes under scrutiny . the language chosen for the study is rusyn , a slavic minority language in serbia 's autonomous province of vojvodina . sharing historical roots with polish , slovak , and ukrainian , present-day rusyn functions within a language contact area dominated by serbo - croatian . as a micro-language in a macro-linguistic environment , rusyn offers the ideal microcosm for a study of linguistic variability and change . the data for the study were collected during the course of field work in vojvodina . they are interpreted using ` response coincidence analysis ' , an analytical technique which identifies the ` linguistic ' groupings in the data and is thus neutral with regard to the ` social ' groupings apparent in the speech community . what emerges is a unique view of morphophonemics as a transitional level not only between phonology and morphology , but also between phonology , morphology , and semantics . moreover , the examined morphophonemic patterns in rusyn are found to be in the process of change which can indeed be attributed to both linguistic and extra-linguistic factors . the findings for rusyn will be of relevance to the study of other linguistic communities , particularly those functioning in language contact areas . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
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 2201,""Subject: chinese linguistics ; complete words of luo changpei
  
  the complete works of luo changpei will be published in 1999 by shandong education publishing house in china . a commemorative meeting will be held in beijing on the hundredth anniversary of the author 's birth , august 9 , 1999 . on the same occasion the luo changpei linguistics scholarship foundation will be announced . luo changpei was one of the founders of modern linguistics in china . he stood on the shoulders of the giants in this field and explored diverse branches of the science . he was in the first generation of linguistic scientists from the institute of history and philology of the academia sinica . he established the institute of linguistics of the chinese academy of social sciences , assumed its direction and was nominated academician . his contribution is historic . the anthology includes the author 's published and unpublished works in ten volumes , of which the first six are books and the last four monographs . each volume has an editorial acknowledgement and postnote . annexed to vol . x are a biographical outline and two indexes , one by alphabetic order , the other by stroke . please direct inquiries to wl @ pub . casc . cn . net ( luo shengyi ) . vol . i . 1 . the phonological system of the amoy dialect 2 . the phonological system of the speech of linchuan vol . ii . 1 . the speech of north - west china under the tang dynasty and the five kingdoms 2 . a study of rime evolution under the wei , jin and north - south dynasties ( co-authored with zhou zumo ) vol . iii . 1 . an introduction to chinese phonology 2 . history of the romanization of chinese characters 3 . rimes in beijing folk songs ( annex , collection of popular rimes ) vol . iv . minority languages 1 . a preliminary study of the qiu language of gongshan 2 . a preliminary study of the nu language of gongshan 3 . a preliminary study of the baiyi language of lianshan ( co-authored with xing qinglan , rechecked by zhou yaowen and fang fenghe ) 4 . chinese under the yuan dynasty and the bagsba characters ( revised edition , co-authored with cai meibiao ) vol . v . 1 . an outline of general phonetics ( revised edition , co-authored with wang jun ) 2 . language and culture 3 . the chinese and the chinese language vol . vi . unpublished course handouts 1 . evolution of the chinese phonological system ( table and legend ) 2 . comments on publications abroad about chinese phonology 3 . about ancient chinese phonology vol . vii . 1 . monographs on philology and linguistics ( i ) 2 . monographs on philology and linguistics ( ii ) vol . viii . 1 . columns on chinese phonology 2 . influences from abroad on the study of chinese phonology vol . ix . 1 . monographs about chinese dialects and minority languages ( 40 essays ) 2 . linguistic miscellany ( 38 essays ) vol . x . 1 . chinese linguistics essays in foreign languages 2 . on the tough route of sichuan 3 . between canshan mountain and lake erhai 4 . biography 5 . indexes : alphabetic and stroke editorial committee : advisors : lu """" shuxiang * , ma xueliang , wu zongji , zhang qingchang * , gao huanian * ( deceased ) chief editor : wang jun deputy editors : zhou dingyi , sun hongkai , gao gengsheng , yuchi zhiping editors ( by stroke order ) : wang jun , wang hongxin , sun hongkai , shao rongfen , yang naisi , li zhaoxiang , zhou dingyi , luo shengyi , luo shenyi , gao gengsheng , yuchi zhiping , xie rongdai , cai meibiao editor in charge : sui xiancun secretary : luo shengyi ( person to contact ) zhong guan cun bldg 78 , apt 206 beijing , 100080 tel . & fax : 86-62 55 84 19 e - mail : wl @ pub . casc . cn . net
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 2202,""Subject: syntax - semantics workshop
  
  call for abstracts move and interpret alpha : workshop on movement-related issues in the syntax , semantics , and the syntax-semantics interface march 20-21 , 1999 keynote speaker : kyle johnson , university of massachusetts , amherst center of excellence kanda university of international studies makuhari , chiba , japan we invite abstract submissions for 40 - minute talks on issues having to do with movement which arise in the areas of syntax , semantics , and the syntax-semantics interface . work which aims to distinguish interpretations by means of movement , discusses the syntactic or semantic repercussions of movement , investigates the syntactic or semantic aspects of movement-created dependencies , or argues for or against the use of movement for dealing with particular syntactic or semantic phenomena is welcome . possibly relevant topics include wh-movement , quantifier raising , reconstruction , quantifier float , island effects , parasitic gaps , pied-piping , and relative clauses . the deadline for receipt of abstracts is january 31st , 1999 . please send five copies of a non-anonymous abstract ( maximally 2 pages in length , using a legible font , with 1 """" margins on all sides , a4 or us letter paper ) , along with a sheet of paper bearing the author 's name , affiliation , paper title , and e-mail and regular mail addresses . e - mail submissions will also be accepted ( . ps or . pdf formats ) . send abstracts by mail to : move and interpret alpha workshop coe , kanda university of international studies 1 - 4 - 1 wakaba , mihama - ku chiba - shi , chiba - ken japan 261-0014 send abstracts or questions by e-mail to both uli sauerland and norvin richards at : uli @ kanda . kuis . ac . jp , norvin @ kanda . kuis . ac . jp ( please send e-mail to both addresses ) authors of accepted abstracts will be informed by february 8th , 1999 . subject to the availability of funding , we will try to cover accomodation expenses for speakers from outside of japan for the time of the workshop , but not travel expenses . kanda university is located in makuhari , between narita tokyo international airport and downtown tokyo . for more information about the coe and kanda university , please consult the web at : coe http : / / coe-sun . kuis . ac . jp / kanda http : / / www . kuis . ac . jp /
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 2203,""Subject: current research in language
  
  anyone interested in submitting a proposal for the session on current research in language and language teaching at the 1999 aatsp in colorado , please send a one page abstract by january 1 , 1999 to : elizabeth a . martinez college of charleston department of spanish 66 george st . charleston , sc 29424 fax : ( 843 ) 953-6758 phone : ( 843 ) 953-8066 e - mail : martineze @ cofc . edu
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 2204,""Subject: computational linguistics
  
  eacl ' 99 call for papers , demos / posters , student papers , tutorials and workshops , 2nd edition http : / / www . ltg . ed . ac . uk / eacl99 / call-for - papers . html _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9th conference of the european chapter of the association for computational linguistics 8 - - 12 june , 1999 university of bergen bergen , norway 1 . table of contents 2 . paper sessions 3 . poster and demo sessions 4 . student sessions 5 . tutorials 6 . workshops 7 . invited speakers 8 . venue and local arrangements 9 . timetable 2 . paper sessions 2 . 1 . topics of interest papers are invited on substantial , original , and unpublished research on all aspects of computational linguistics , including , but not limited to : pragmatics , discourse , semantics , syntax and the lexicon ; phonetics , phonology and morphology ; interpreting and generating spoken and written language ; linguistic , mathematical and psychological models of language ; language-oriented information retrieval and information extraction ; corpus-based language modeling ; machine translation and translation aids ; natural language interfaces and dialogue systems ; approaches to coordinating the linguistic with other modalities in multi-media systems ; message and narrative understanding systems . 2 . 2 . requirements papers should describe original work . they should emphasize completed work rather than intended work and they should indicate clearly the state of completion of the reported results . wherever appropriate , concrete evaluation results should be included . a paper accepted for presentation at the eacl meeting cannot be presented or have been presented at any other meeting with publicly available published proceedings . papers that are being submitted to other conferences must reflect this fact on the title page . 2 . 3 . format for submission authors should submit preliminary versions of their papers for review , not to exceed 3200 words ( exclusive of references ) . papers should be headed by a title page containing the paper id code ( see below ) , title , a short ( 5 line ) summary , up to five keywords specifying the subject area , the word count ( excluding figures and bibliography ) and a notice of multiple submission , if required . since reviewing will be ` blind ' , the title page of the paper should omit author names and addresses . furthermore , self-references that reveal the authors ' identity ( e . g . , """" we previously showed ( smith , 1991 ) . . . """" ) should be avoided . instead , use references of the form """" smith previously showed ( 1991 ) . . . """" care should be taken to avoid obvious giveaways in the bibliography such as listings for unpublished in-house technical reports . papers outside the specified length and / or without an id code are liable to rejection without review . to identify each paper , an id code must be acquired by filing an electronic paper registration form ( http : / / www . ltg . ed . ac . uk / eacl99 / register . html ) : on successful completion of this form an id code will be sent to the designated author by e-mail . to assist in the refereeing process , we would be very grateful if authors prepare a web-browsable ( e . g . html , postscript , pdf ) electronic version of their papers . we understand that this may not be possible in all cases , but request that it be prepared if at all possible . to preserve anonymity , do not include a pointer to this with your paper submission : we will request a url for your electronic version in the email acknowledgement of receipt message . also please note that we will not be downloading copies from this url , so it should remain valid through the refereeing process , i . e . until 10 march 1999 . be aware that the paper copy is the definitive copy , and changes should not be made to the electronic copy after submission on paper . we strongly recommend the use of acl - standard latex ( plus bibstyle and trivial example ) or word style files for the preparation of submissions . these styles include a place for the required information such as id code and word count , and allow for a graceful transition to the style required for publication . see http : / / www . ltg . ed . ac . uk / eacl99 / style / for templates . if you cannot use the acl - standard styles directly , a description of the required format is at http : / / www . ltg . ed . ac . uk / eacl99 / style / substyle . html . if you cannot access this web page , send email to eacl99 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk with subject substyle for an automatic reply . 2 . 4 . submission procedure four ( 4 ) paper copies of each paper ( printed on both sides of the page if possible ) should be submitted to the following address : eacl programme committee hcrc 2 buccleuch place edinburgh eh8 9lw scotland , uk enquiries to the programme committee by email at eacl99 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk . 2 . 5 . schedule submissions must be received by 18 january 1999 . late submissions ( those arriving on or after 19 january 1999 ) will be returned unopened . acknowledgements will be emailed soon after receipt . notification of acceptance will be sent to authors ( by email ) on 10 march 1999 . camera - ready copies of final papers prepared in a double-column format , preferably using a laser printer , must be received by 19 april 1999 , along with a signed copyright release statement . detailed formatting guidelines will be provided to authors with their acceptance notice . the paper sessions , including student papers , will take place on 9 - - 11 june 1999 . 2 . 6 . programme committee chair : henry s . thompson , university of edinburgh co - chair : alex lascarides , university of edinburgh area chairs : john carroll , university of sussex ; robert gaizauskas , university of sheffield ; jan hajic , charles university ; mats rooth , university of stuttgart ; paul taylor , university of edinburgh ; marilyn walker , att research labs . poster session chair : giorgio satta , university of padua the members in each area of the programme committee will be listed in the proceedings . 3 . poster and demo sessions the meeting will include a poster session and a demo session . posters should present work in progress , project status reports , unevaluated results or system summaries ( with or without demos ) . space for a1 posters is reserved at the session and there will be 2 pages in the proceedings allocated to describe the work shown in the poster . we also encourage the submission of software demos presenting system overviews . developers should outline the design of their system and provide sufficient details to allow the evaluation of its validity , quality , and relevance to computational linguistics . pointers to web sites running the demo preview will also be helpful . for both sessions , four ( 4 ) paper copies of a two ( 2 ) page abstract not exceeding 800 words ( exclusive of references ) should be submitted by 18 january 1999 to the posters / demos chair : giorgio satta universita di padova dipartimento di elettronica e informatica via gradenigo 6 / a 35131 padova italy phone : + 39 ( 0 ) 49 827-7831 fax : + 39 ( 0 ) 49 827-7826 email : satta @ dei . unipd . it both submissions should include the following information on the first page : paper title and author ( s ) ' name ( s ) ; address , telephone / fax numbers and email of contact author . submission type ( """" poster submission """" or """" demo submission """" ) must be clearly indicated on the first page . demo submissions should also clearly indicate if any computer equipment is expected to be provided by the local organizer . if so , please specify desired hardware platform , hard disk and memory capacity , operating system and other software needed in order to run the demo . also mention name and contact information of systems operations specialist . if you are bringing your own laptop , you should instead request a video projector if you need one , providing details about pc type , screen resolution , etc . submissions arriving on or after 19 january 1999 will be returned unopened . acknowledgements will be emailed soon after receipt . notification of acceptance will be sent to authors by email on 10 march 1999 . camera - ready copies of poster papers must be received at the eacl programme committee address in edinburgh by 19 april 1999 , along with a signed copyright release statement . detailed formatting guidelines will be provided to authors along with the acceptance notice . 4 . student sessions there will again be special student sessions organized by a committee of eacl graduate student members . eacl student members are invited to submit short papers on any of the topics listed above . the papers will be reviewed by a committee of students and faculty members for presentation in workshop-style sessions and publication in a special section of the conference proceedings . the call for papers is now available at http : / / www . ims . uni-stuttgart . de / eacl99 - student / . 5 . tutorials the meeting will include a programme of tutorials on tuesday june 8 , immediately preceding , and at the same venue as the conference . each tutorial should be well-focused so that its core content can be covered in a three hour slot ( including a half-hour break ) . in exceptional cases , 6 - hour tutorials are possible as well . proposals for tutorials should contain : * a title and brief description of the tutorial topic . * the names , postal addresses , phone numbers , and email addresses of the tutorial speakers , with brief cv . * any special support requirements ( e . g . pc , projector ) proposals should be submitted by electronic mail , in plain ascii text as soon as possible , but no later than 18 december 1998 to the tutorial coordinator : walter daelemans ilk computational linguistics tilburg university p . o . box 90153 nl-5000 le tilburg the netherlands phone : + 31 13 4663070 fax : + 31 13 4663110 email : walter . daelemans @ kub . nl approved tutorial speakers ' travel and accommodation expenses will be reimbursed provided a short tutorial abstract and full tutorial materials are received in good time for publicity and reproduction . details of the schedule for this will accompany notification of acceptance . for further details concerning tutorials , see the tutorials page at http : / / ilk . kub . nl / ~ walter / eacl / tutorials . html 6 . workshops as in other years , eacl ' 99 will be accompanied by a number of workshops . these will be held on june 12 , the day after the main conference . the acl has a policy on workshops ( ftp : / / ftp . cs . columbia . edu / acl-l / information / workshop-policy . gz ) . proposals must include a clear description of the workshop aims , a budget of the workshop expenses and expected sources of income , and an indication of the expected number of participants . please send your workshop proposals ( preferably electronically ) as soon as possible and in any case before 18 december 1998 to the workshop chair : gertjan van noord alfa - informatica rug po box 716 9700 as groningen the netherlands email : vannoord @ let . rug . nl for further details concerning workshops , see the workshops page at http : / / www . let . rug . nl / ~ vannoord / eacl99 / workshops . html 7 . invited speakers we are pleased to announce that wolfgang wahlster , director of dfki ( german research center for artificial intelligence ) and vice president - elect of the acl , and bruce croft , director , center for intelligent information retrieval at the university of massachusetts , amherst , will be our two keynote speakers . 8 . venue and local arrangements the conference will be held in bergen , norway from 8 through 12 june , 1999 . see the conference home page for local arrangements information ( http : / / www . hit . uib . no / eacl99 ) . the local arrangements committee is chaired by koenraad de smedt . the local arrangements committee can be reached at : humanities information technologies university of bergen alligaten 27 5007 bergen norway phone : + 47 5558-8008 fax : + 47 5558-9470 email : eacl99 @ uib . no 9 . timetable 1998 18 dec workshop proposals due in groningen 18 dec tutorial proposals due in tilburg 25 dec decisions on workshops sent to workshop organisers 28 dec decision on tutorials sent to tutorial organisers 1999 18 jan submitted papers due in edinburgh 18 jan submitted posters / demo papers due in padua 1 mar tutorial summary for brochure due in tilburg 10 mar decisions on programme sent to authors 19 apr final versions of papers due in edinburgh 19 apr final versions of poster / demo papers due in edinburgh 1 may tutorial course material due in tilburg 5 may camera - ready copy of workshop proceedings due in groningen 8 jun tutorials 9 - - 11 jun paper sessions 12 jun workshops
 "",0
 2205,""Subject: greek linguistics
  
  conference announcement the 20th annual meeting on greek linguistics of the department of linguistics school of philology , faculty of philosophy , aristotle university of thessaloniki , will take place in thessaloniki , from april 23 to 25 , 1999 . invited speakers : antonin bartonek ( brno ) , charles fillmore ( berkeley ) , brian joseph ( columbus ) , thomas gamkrelidze ( tbilisi ) , william labov ( philadelphia ) , michalis setatos ( thessaloniki ) . deadline for abstracts : january 15 , 1999 program committee : theodossia - soula pavlidou and christos tzitzilis for more information , please contact : conference secretariat ( maria arapopoulou and friderikos valetopoulos ) department of linguistics , school of philology , faculty of philosophy , aristotle university of thessaloniki , gr - thessaloniki , greece e-mail : friderikosv @ hotmail . com fax : + + 30-31 - 997419 telephone : + + 30-31 - 997054 [ only monday and thursday , 11 : 00-13 : 00 hours ]
 "",0
 2206,""Subject: computaional linguistics
  
  call for tutorial proposals tutorials chair : richard sproat bell labs - lucent technologies rws @ research . bell-labs . com call the association for computaional linguistics ' 99 program committee invites proposals for the tutorial program for acl ' 99 , to be held at the university of maryland , college park , md , usa , june 20 - - 26 , 1999 . the tutorials for acl ' 99 will be held on june 20th . each tutorial should be well-focused so that its core content can be covered in a three hour tutorial slot ( including a 30 minute break ) . in exceptional cases , 6 - hour tutorial slots are possible as well . there will be space and time for at most four three-hour tutorials . submission details proposals for tutorials should contain : * a title and brief ( < 500 word ) content description of the tutorial topic . * the names , postal addresses , phone numbers , and email addresses of the tutorial speakers , with one-paragraph statement of the speaker 's ( s ' ) research interests and areas of expertise . * any special requirements for technical needs ( computer infrastructure , etc . ) proposals should be submitted by electronic mail , in plain ascii ( iso8859 - 1 ) text as soon as possible , but no later than december 18th , 1998 . the subject line should be : """" acl 99 tutorial proposal """" . please note : proposals will not be accepted by regular mail or fax . please submit your proposals and any inquiries to : richard sproat , acl ' 99 tutorials chair bell laboratories , lucent technologies 600 mountain avenue , murray hill , nj 07974 usa rws @ research . bell-labs . com practical arrangements accepted tutorial speakers must provide descriptions of their tutorials for inclusion in the conference registration material by march 1 , 1999 . the description must be provided in three formats : a latex version that fits onto 1 / 2 page ; an ascii ( iso8859 - 1 ) version that can be included with the email announcement ; an html version that can be included on the conference home page . tutorial speakers will provide tutorial materials , at least containing copies of the overhead sheets used , by may 1 , 1999 . finances : the current acl policy is that tutorials are reimbursed at the following rate : $ 500 per session plus $ 25 per registrant in the range 21-50 plus $ 15 per registrant in excess of 50 . note that this is per tutorial , not per presenter : multiple presenters will split the proceeds , the default assumption being an even split . the acl does not usually cover travel expenses except where the presenter ( s ) cannot get them through the usual mechanisms : for acl members we assume that they would be coming to the meeting anyway . for people who are not acl members , we would expect to pay for costs that they cannot get reimbursed elsewhere . important dates submission deadline for tutorial proposal : 18 dec 1998 notification of acceptance of tutorial proposal : 28 dec 1998 tutorial descriptions due to tutorial chair : 1 mar 1999 tutorial course material due to tutorial chair : 1 may 1999 tutorials date : 20 june 1999
 "",0
 2207,""Subject: comutational linguistics - general & thematic sessions
  
  acl ' 99 call for papers 37th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics 20 - - 26 june , 1999 university of maryland [ you may find it easier to read this information on the web at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 ] 1 . paper sessions 1 . 1 topics of interest in a break with tradition , at this year 's acl conference we are experimenting with a new format . the technical sessions of the conference will be of two kinds . there will be general sessions of the kind that have formed the conference programme in the past ; however , there will also be a number of special thematic sessions , somewhat like a special issue of a journal , organised around themes proposed by members of the computational linguistics community . our aim is to incorporate some of the intensity and excitement of the traditional post-conference workshops , without replacing those workshops . the conference structure will mean that the thematic sessions will run as parallel sessions , resulting in smaller and more focussed audiences . when you submit a paper to the conference , you will need to consider whether you want to present the paper in the general sessions or in one of the thematic sessions , which are listed below . for the general sessions , papers are invited on substantial , original , and unpublished research on all aspects of computational linguistics , including , but not limited to : pragmatics , discourse , semantics , syntax and the lexicon ; phonetics , phonology and morphology ; interpreting and generating spoken and written language ; linguistic , mathematical and psychological models of language ; language-oriented information retrieval and information extraction ; corpus-based language modeling ; machine translation and translation aids ; natural language interfaces and dialogue systems ; approaches to coordinating the linguistic with other modalities in multi-media systems ; message and narrative understanding systems . papers submitted to the thematic sessions are more narrowly targeted at specific topics . the complete list of thematic sessions is as follows ; further information about each can be found at the indicated url . d1 : dialogue management in interactive spoken dialogue systems chairs : diane litman and marilyn walker motivation : the advent of real-time interactive spoken dialogue systems poses special challenges for dialogue management . topics : evaluation , dialogue strategies , repair , system integration , learning / optimizing system behavior , corpus analysis , robust processing , and the requirements dialogue places on generation , speech recognition and synthesis . http : / / www . research . att . com / ~ diane / acl99 - theme . html d2 : discourse tagging : uses , results and applications chairs : marilyn walker , julia hirschberg and owen rambow motivation : empirical approaches to discourse processing often rely on tagging texts or dialogues with discourse tags from a wide range of tag sets . topics : discourse tagging for training or testing models of discourse structure , reference , translation , speech acts , topic identification , and speech recognition . http : / / www . research . att . com / ~ walker / dtag-acl 99 . html d3 : corpus - based approaches to discourse and dialogue chair : nancy ide this theme treats corpus-based work on any aspect of discourse and dialogue analysis , including co-reference , segmentation , discourse structure , parsing , generation , etc . , especially in the light of relevance to practical applications . http : / / www . cs . vassar . edu / ~ ide / calls / acl99 - discourse . html d4 : lexicon and discourse : connections through structure and semantics chairs : laurence danlos , alistair knott , and bonnie webber motivation : with the lexicon becoming a central resource for computing properties of the sentence , one may consider similar gains for computing properties of discourse . topics : lexical semantics of discourse connectives and focus particles , discourse and lexical interpretation , lexicalized grammars for discourse . http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ alik / acltheme . html i1 : nlp techniques for cross - language information retrieval chair : douglas oard motivation : systems that use queries or examples in one natural language to find text or speech in another are becoming increasingly important . topics : nlp techniques for query translation , cognate matching and interlingual matching techniques , cross-language gisting using summarization or gloss translation . http : / / www . clis . umd . edu / conferences / acl99clir / i2 : exploring the limits of shallow parsing chair : gregory grefenstette shallow parsing techniques provide a partial analysis of the syntactic structures . theme covers research into : quantifying identifiable linguistic phenomena in a corpus ; evaluating accuracy of dependency relations extracted by shallow parsers ; approximation of full parsing with shallow parsers . http : / / www . xrce . xerox . com / research / mltt / dmhead / acl99 i3 : information extraction from spoken language data chairs : lynette hirschman and david palmer motivation : identifying relevant syntactic and semantic items ( such as names , dates , and events ) in speech data requires robust processing of misspellings , transcription errors , tokenization ambiguities and disfluencies . topics : algorithms , architectures , and evaluation techniques for noisy data information extraction http : / / raven . bu . edu / conferences / acl-ie99 / i4 : natural language processing for interactive information retrieval chair : hinrich sch | tze this theme solicits papers that use nlp to enable better interactive information retrieval . examples include query analysis , disambiguation , and classification of queries into semantic hierarchies , but we are especially interested in novel ideas . ftp : / / parcftp . xerox . com / pub / qca / schuetze / acl99 . html i5 : robust sentence - level interpretation chairs : carolyn penstein rose and alon lavie in contrast to information extraction and shallow parsing techniques , in this session we focus on robust approaches to full sentence interpretation , with an emphasis on empirical evaluation . topics : pre-parsing repair , robust parsing , post-parsing repair , and user interaction . http : / / www . pitt . edu / ~ rosecp / topic . html i6 : topic detection chairs : james allan and bruce croft we examine discovering structure and themes across many texts : finding the topics that underlie the text . it includes summarization , theme extraction , tdt detection , concept extraction , high-quality clustering , and related evaluations . http : / / ciir . cs . umass . edu / acl99 l1 : parsing of inflective , agglutinative and / or free word order languages chair : jan hajic parsing of languages displaying non-analytical , non-fixed word order behavior to a large extent poses specific problems which are expected to be addressed . all aspects of dealing with such problems are welcome , including morphological , syntactic and semantic processing . http : / / ufal . ms . mff . cuni . cz l2 : mt / nlp for languages of low diffusion chairs : doug jones and boyan onyshkevych motivation : adequate large-scale mt or other nlp systems do not exist for the bulk of the world 's languages , nor are there significant on-line resources for them . topics : how to build large-scale mt / nlp systems and resources for these other languages ; how to leverage minimal resources ( including native language expertise ) l3 : word segmentation and lexical acquisition in asian languages chair : masaaki nagata motivation : exchange ideas and experiences on word segmentation among asian researchers as well as between asian and western researchers . topics : theories and applications of tokenization and dictionary construction techniques for languages that do not put space between words , such as chinese , japanese , and thai . http : / / www . milab . is . tsukuba . ac . jp / word-seg - acl99 m1 : automated analysis and evaluation of free text chairs : jill burstein and claudia leacock motivation : to bring together researchers who are interested in the evaluation of essays and other free text for purposes of assessment and instruction . topics : identification and analysis of textual features ; generation of feedback to authors ; evaluation of system results . http : / / www . ets . org / research / acl99 . html m2 : the use of large - coverage lexical resources for tagging and parsing chair : max silberztein motivation : to present dictionary-based projects and results whose starting point is either machine readable dictionaries , raw lists or large corpora topics : large-coverage lexical resources , construction of dictionaries , corpus processing http : / / www . ladl . jussieu . fr / confs / acl99 / acl99 . html m3 : prosody modelling in nlg / speech generation chairs : elke teich and sandra williams motivation : integrating natural language generation and speech synthesis . topics : reconciling syntactic , semantic and prosodic representations ; determination of intonation focus and contour according to context ; adaptations of nlg architectures for speech generation . http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / ~ swilliam / acl99theme / m4 : design , implementation , and uses of controlled languages chairs : tony hartley and cecile paris motivation : controlled languages are increasingly used to enhance readability , facilitate automatic processing of documents , and guide input to generation systems . important concerns are the development and enforcement of controlled languages . topics : authoring environments , design principles , corpus analysis , controlled language applications . http : / / www . itri . brighton . ac . uk / events / acl99 / clang . html m5 : computational psycholinguistics chair : philip resnik motivation : discussing empirical and theoretical studies on psychologically motivated computational models of human language processes , as opposed to nlp applications , emphasizing non-introspective data , statistical methods , and the relationship between linguistic competence and performance . topics : computational studies involving processes such as lexical access , parsing , interpretation , generation , disambiguation , acquisition . http : / / umiacs . umd . edu / ~ resnik / acl99 _ cpl / before submitting a paper to a thematic session , you should read the information about each of these themes provided on the separate web pages . during the conference itself , some sessions may be video-taped . presenters will be alerted to this possibility and will be able to request that the cameras are turned off during their presentations . 1 . 2 requirements requirements are the same regardless of whether your are submitting a paper to the general sessions or the thematic sessions ; see the separate call for student papers for information on requirements for papers submitted to the student sessions . papers should describe original work ; they should emphasize completed work rather than intended work and they should indicate clearly the state of completion of the reported results . wherever appropriate , concrete evaluation results should be included . a paper accepted for presentation at the acl meeting cannot be presented or have been presented at any other meeting with publicly available published proceedings . papers that are being submitted to other conferences must indicate this on the title page . 1 . 3 format for submission the format of submissions is the same regardless of whether your are submitting a paper to the general sessions or the thematic sessions ; see the separate call for student papers for information on requirements for papers submitted to the student sessions . authors should submit preliminary versions of their papers for review , not to exceed 3200 words ( exclusive of references ) . papers should be headed by a title page containing the paper id code ( see below ) , the names of all authors , the title , a short ( 5 line ) summary , up to five keywords specifying the subject area ( for the general sessions ) or an indication of the thematic session to which the paper is being submitted , the word count ( excluding figures and bibliography ) and a notice of multiple submission , if required . papers outside the specified length and / or without an id code are liable to rejection without review . to identify each paper , an id code must be acquired by filing an electronic paper registration form , available on the web at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 / register . html : on successful completion of this form an id code will be sent to the designated author by e-mail . if you cannot access the electronic paper registration form , send email to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au with subject idform for an automatic reply . to assist in the refereeing process , we would be very grateful if authors prepare a web-browsable ( e . g . html , postscript , pdf ) electronic version of their papers . the electronic paper registration form contains a field where you can provide this information . we strongly recommend the use of acl - standard latex ( plus bibstyle and trivial example ) or word style files for the preparation of submissions . these styles include a place for the required information such as id code and word count , and allow for a graceful transition to the style required for publication . these files are available from the conference web site at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 . if you cannot use the acl - standard styles directly , a description of the required format is at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 / style / substyle . html . if you cannot access this web page , send email to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au with subject substyle for an automatic reply . 1 . 4 submission and reviewing procedure the submission procedure is the same regardless of whether your are submitting a paper to the general sessions or the thematic sessions ; see the separate call for student papers for information on submission details for papers submitted to the student sessions . four ( 4 ) paper copies of each paper ( printed on both sides of the page if possible ) should be submitted to the following address : acl programme committee c / o ken church at&t labs - research 180 park ave , office d235 po box 971 florham park nj 07932-0971 usa enquiries can be addressed to the programme committee by email at acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au ( robert dale , chair and ken church , co - chair ) . in extreme cases , if you cannot make contact electronically you can reach us by sending a fax , clearly marked """" acl programme committee """" , to + 61 2 9850 9529 . this fax number is for information enquiries only . please note that faxed submissions of papers are not acceptable . reviewing of papers submitted to the general sessions will , as in previous years , be managed by an international conference programme committee consisting of area chairs , each of whom will have the assistance of a team of reviewers . reviewing of papers for the thematic sessions will be managed by the chairs of the thematic sessions , with the assistance of teams of reviewers ; final decisions on the technical programme content ( both general sessions and thematic sessions ) will be made by the programme committee . 1 . 5 schedule submissions must be received by january 25th 1999 . late submissions ( those arriving on or after january 26th 1999 ) will be returned unopened . acknowledgements will be emailed soon after receipt . notification of acceptance will be sent to authors ( by email ) on march 22nd 1999 . camera - ready copies of final papers prepared in a double-column format , preferably using a laser printer , must be received by may 3rd 1999 , along with a signed copyright release statement . detailed formatting guidelines will be provided to authors with their acceptance notice . the paper sessions , including general , theme and student papers , will take place on june 23rd - - 26th 1999 . 2 . student sessions there will again be special student sessions organized by a committee of acl graduate student members . acl student members are invited to submit short papers on any of the topics listed above for the general sessions . the papers will be reviewed by a committee of students and faculty members for presentation in workshop-style sessions and publication in a special section of the conference proceedings . a separate call for papers for the student sessions is being issued and is available at http : / / www . cs . utoronto . ca / ~ melanie / acl99 / . 3 . tutorials the meeting will include a programme of tutorials on june 20th 1999 immediately preceding the workshops and technical sessions , and at the same venue as the conference . a separate call for tutorial proposals is being issued and is available at http : / / www . bell-labs . com / project / tts / acl99tut . html . 4 . workshops as in other years , acl ' 99 will be accompanied by a number of workshops . these will be held on june 21st - - 22nd 1999 , immediately after the tutorials and before the technical sessions . the acl has a policy on workshops . a separate call for workshop proposals will be issued soon . 5 . demos a separate call for demo proposals will be issued at a later date . 6 . venue and local organisation the conference will be held at the university of maryland from 20th through 26th june , 1999 . the local arrangements committee is chaired by bonnie dorr ; see http : / / www . umiacs . umd . edu / research / clip / acl99 / index . html for local arrangements information . 7 . timetable the dates here pertain only to the general sessions and thematic sessions : see the separate calls for student session papers , tutorial proposals and workshops for the timetabling associated with those elements of the conference . paper submissions deadline : january 25 , 1999 notification of acceptance : march 22 , 1999 camera ready papers due : may 3 , 1999 acl ' 99 conference : june 20 - - 26 , 1999
 "",0
 2208,""Subject: linguistics association of great britain
  
  linguistics association of great britain spring meeting 1999 : university of manchester first circular and call for papers the 1999 spring meeting will be held from 8 to 10 april at manchester university . the local organiser is philippa cook ( mfux9phc @ fs1 . art . man . ac . uk ) . manchester is england 's third ( or possibly second ) biggest city and as such has facilities for any kind of music , dance , theatre , restaurants and cafes . apart from a vibrant city centre , the city also benefits from the closeness to beautiful country side ; the lake district , the peak district and the mountains of north wales are all within easy reach for day trips . manchester can be easily accessed by road or by rail and just south of the city is a major intrnational airport with good rail connections with the city centre . the university of manchester , including the hall of residence where the conference will be held , is situated just south of the city centre and there are busses in both directions every few minutes . accommodation : accommodation as well as all talks , book displays etc . will be in hulme hall , a hall of residence , less than ten minutes walk from the main university campus . all bedrooms are single , and there is a choice between rooms with en suite facilities and rooms with shared bathrooms / showers . travel : the university of manchester is about five minutes drive from junction 9 of the ring road m60 which is accessible from the m6 ( north or south ) and the m62 ( north east ) . there are frequent ( and often direct ) trains to manchester piccadilly ( or manchester victoria ) from most big cities in britain . the train journey from london takes about two and a half hour . the airport is less than half an hours drive from the hall of residence and it also has excellent train connections with the city centre . events : the linguistics association 1999 lecture on thursday evening will be delivered by professor john mccarthy of the university of massachusetts , amherst . professor mccarthy will also be participating in a workshop on ' applications of optimality theory to problems in prosody and morphology ' on thursday afternoon . the workshop is organised by wiebke brockhaus ( university of manchester ) ; other contributors are caroline fery ( eberhard - karls - universitaet ) , ren kager ( universiteit utrecht ) and nicholas sherrard ( university of essex ) . there will be a language tutorial on turkish , given by jaklin kornfilt ( university of syracuse ) . there will be a wine party on the tuesday evening , sponsored by the department of linguistics . enquiries about the lagb meeting should be sent to the meetings secretary ( address below ) . full details of the programme and a booking form will be included in the second circular , to be sent out in january . call for papers the lagb warmly welcomes submissions on any topic within the field of linguistics - theoretical , descriptive or historical - regardless of theoretical framework . abstracts must arrive by 6 january 1999 and should be sent in the format outlined below to the following address : professor r . hudson , department of phonetics and linguistics , university college london , gower street , london , wc1e 6bt . papers for the programme are selected anonymously - only the president knows the name of the authors . abstracts must be presented as follows : submit seven anonymous copies of the abstract , plus one with name and affiliation , i . e . camera-ready . the complete abstract containing your title and your name must be no longer than one a4 page ( 21cm x 29 . 5cm / 8 . 27 """" x 11 . 69 """" ) with margins of at least 2 . 5cm ( 1 """" ) on all sides . you may use single spacing and type must be no smaller than 12 point . type uniformly in black and make any additions in black . use the best quality printer you can , since if the paper is accepted the abstract will be photocopied and inserted directly into the collection of abstracts sent out to participants . write your name and address for correspondence on the back of the abstract which has your name on . the following layout should be considered as standard : ( title ) optimality and the klingon vowel shift ( speaker ) clark kent ( institution ) department of astrology , eastern mars university the following guidelines may be useful : 1 . briefly state the topic of your paper . 2 . if your paper is to involve an analysis of linguistic material , give critical examples , along with a brief indication of their critical nature . 3 . state the relevance of your ideas to past work or to the future development of the field . if you are taking a stand on a controversial issue , summarise the arguments which lead you to take up this position . the normal length for papers delivered at lagb meetings is 25 minutes ( plus 15 minutes discussion ) . offers of squibs ( 10 minutes ) or longer papers ( 40 minutes ) will also be considered : please explain why your paper requires less or more time than usual . n . b . abstracts submission dates : these are always announced in the first circular for the meeting in question . any member who fears that they may receive the first circular too late to be able to submit an abstract before the deadline specified can be assured that an abstract received by the president by january 1 or june 1 will always be considered for the next meeting . conference bursaries : there will be a maximum of 10 bursaries available to unsalaried members of the association ( e . g . phd students ) with preference given to those who are presenting a paper . applications should be sent to the president , and must be received by 6 january 1999 . please state on your application : ( a ) date of joining the lagb ; ( b ) whether or not you are an undergraduate or postgraduate student ; ( c ) if a student , whether you receive a normal grant ; ( d ) if not a student , your employment situation . students who are submitting an abstract and wish to apply for funding should include all the above details with their abstract . committee members : president professor richard hudson , department of phonetics and linguistics , university college london , gower street , london , wc1e 6bt . e - mail : dick @ ling . ucl . ac . uk honorary secretary professor anna siewierska , department of linguistics , university of lancaster , bailrigg , lancaster la1 4yw , e - mail : a . siewierska @ lancaster . ac . uk membership secretary dr . kersti brjars , department of linguistics , university of manchester , manchester m13 9pl . e - mail : k . e . borjars @ manchester . ac . uk meetings secretary dr . marjolein groefsema , dept . of linguistics , university of hertfordshire , watford campus , aldenham , herts . wd2 8at . e - mail : m . groefsema @ herts . ac . uk treasurer dr . paul rowlett , dept . of modern languages , university of salford , salford m5 4wt . e - mail : p . a . rowlett @ mod-lang . salford . ac . uk assistant secretary dr . april mcmahon , dept . of linguistics , university of cambridge , sidgwick avenue , cambridge cb3 9dq . e - mail : amm11 @ hermes . cam . ac . uk internet home page : the lagb internet home page is now active at the following address : http : / / clwww . essex . ac . uk / lagb . electronic network : please join the lagb electronic network which is used for disseminating lagb information and for consulting members quickly . it can be subscribed to by sending the message """" add lagb """" to : listserv @ postman . essex . ac . uk . future meetings : autumn 1999 university of york . spring 2000 university college london . autumn 2000 university of durham spring 2001 university of leeds autumn 2001 university of reading
 "",0
 2209,""Subject: computational linguistics
  
  acl ' 99 student session call for papers 37th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics 20 - - 26 june , 1999 university of maryland [ you may find it easier to read this information on the web at http : / / www . cs . utoronto . ca / ~ melanie / acl99 / ] 1 . purpose the goal of the student sessions is to provide a forum for student members to present _ work in progress _ and receive feedback from other members of the computational linguistics community . the session will consist of paper presentations by student authors . the number of papers accepted is contingent on the quality of the submissions and the availability of presentation time during the conference , but the student session will be at least half a day . the accepted papers will be published in a special section of the conference proceedings . note that the student session and the main conference session are independent ; students are free to submit to either session , and each submission will be evaluated independently and with respect to the criteria set out by the respective organizing committees . 2 . requirements papers should describe original , unpublished work that is in progress and demonstrates insight , creativity , and promise . topics of interest are the same as for the main conference or the thematic sessions . 2 . 1 submission restrictions due to differences in format requirements , papers submitted to the main conference _ cannot _ be considered for the student sessions . students may , of course , submit different papers to the main conference and the student session , or papers on different aspects of a particular problem or project . note that for papers presenting joint work , _ all _ co-authors must be students . papers may be submitted to other conferences , but this must be clearly indicated on the cover page . the official language of the conference is english , and hence student papers should be written in english . 2 . 2 length the maximum allowable length is 3 pages ( about 1800 words ) , including references . 2 . 3 format of submission submissions packages should consist of a title page , followed by the paper . the title page should contain : o the paper 's title ; o the name and affiliations of the author ( s ) ; o a complete address for each author ; o an abstract ; o a designation of the topic area ( s ) ( one or two ) ; o a statement about submission to other conferences ( e . g . , ' none ' or a list ) ; and o the paper id code ( see below ) . we recommend that if the student authors plan to apply for travel grants , that they include the application form ( please see """" travel grants """" ) with their paper submission . 2 . 4 electronic submission code to identify each paper , an id code _ must _ be acquired by filing an electronic paper registration form ( http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 / register . html ) ; upon successful completion of this form , an id code will be sent to the designated author by e-mail . if you cannot access the electronic paper registration form , send email to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au with subject idform for an automatic reply . 2 . 5 medium of submission authors must submit their papers electronically . only in unusual cases will hard copy submissions be allowed . electronic submissions should be either self-contained latex source , postscript , or pdf ( we encourage latex submissions ) . postscript submissions must use a standard font . latex submissions should not refer to any other external files or styles except for the standard styles for tex 3 . 14 and latex 2 . 09 . the bibliography for a latex submission cannot be submitted as separate . bib file ; the actual bibliography entries must be inserted in the submitted latex source file . we strongly recommend the use of acl - standard latex or word style files for the preparation of submissions ( please note that while we do not accept word - format files for electronic submission , postscript files produced from them are acceptable ) . these styles include a place for the required information such as id code and word count , and allow for a graceful transition to the style required for publication . these files are available from the main conference web site at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 . if you cannot use the acl - standard styles directly , a description of the required format is at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 / style / substyle . html . if you cannot access this web page , send email to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au with subject substyle for an automatic reply . 2 . 6 blind reviewing since reviewing will be ` blind ' , the heading of the paper should omit author names and addresses ( this information will be inlcuded in the title page ) . self - references that reveal the authors ' identity ( e . g . , """" we previously showed ( smith , 1991 ) . . . """" ) should be avoided . instead , use references in a neutral form ( e . g . , """" smith previously showed ( 1991 ) . . . """" ) . furthermore , avoid obvious giveaways in the bibliography such as listings for unpublished in-house technical reports . 2 . 7 caveat papers outside the specified length and / or without an id code are liable to rejection without review . 2 . 8 questions ? enquiries to the co-chairs of the student session should be sent to acl99 - student @ cs . utoronto . ca . 3 . travel grants please see the student session web page for information about available travel grants ( http : / / cs . utoronto . cs / ~ melanie / acl / ) . 4 . schedule submissions must be received by 8 february 1999 . late submissions ( those arriving on or after 9 february 1999 ) will not be considered . acknowledgments will be emailed soon after receipt . notification of acceptance will be sent to authors ( by email ) by 29 march 1999 . camera - ready copies of final papers must be received by 3 may 1999 , along with a signed copyright release statement . detailed formatting guidelines will be provided to authors with their acceptance notice . the student paper sessions will take place during the main conference on june 23 - - 26 , 1999 .
 "",0
 2210,""Subject: university of north carolina , spring colloquium
  
  1st call for papers 1999 spring linguistics colloquium the university of north carolina at chapel hill saturday , march 27 , 1999 guest speaker : alice c . harris , vanderbilt university papers on any aspect of the study of language will be considered . please submit an abstract of your paper and include any other relevant information , such as a need for audio-visual equipment or special scheduling considerations . presentations will be limited to 30 minutes including discussion . deadline for submission of abstracts is friday , february 12 , 1999 . please submit abstracts to : 1999 spring linguistics colloquium 318 dey hall , cb # 3155 the university of north carolina at chapel hill chapel hill , nc 27599 email inquiries : hans boas < hcb @ email . unc . edu >
 "",0
 2211,""Subject: book on labelled deduction
  
  second call for papers labelled deduction ( an edited volume intended for the applied logic series of kluwer academic publishers ) http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - background in september 1998 , the university of freiburg ( germany ) hosted ld ' 98 the first international workshop on labelled deduction . the participants of ld ' 98 reported on research , related to or based on labelled deduction , in many areas of computer science , artificial intelligence , mathematical logic , cognitive science , philosophy , and computational linguistics . more information on ld ' 98 is available at the url of the workshop http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 / ws / motivated by the success of the workshop , the members of the program committee of ld ' 98 will edit a volume collecting original papers on this topic and titled labelled deduction ( an edited volume intended for the applied logic series of kluwer academic publishers ) topics of interest the title reflects the planned contents of this book : we welcome original contributions on all theoretical and practical aspects of labelled deduction , including but not limited to : * logical modeling based on labelled deduction * formal metatheory for , or based on , labelled deduction * hybrid reasoners and combinations of logics based on labelling * automated reasoning , implementation , and system support * annotated logic programming * applications submissions * authors are invited to submit full papers of at most 18 pages ( formatted as described below ) to be received by january 31st , 1999 . notification of acceptance or rejection of the papers will be sent by april 30th , 1999 , and final versions of accepted papers will be due by june 15th , 1999 . * submitted papers must be original and not submitted for publication elsewhere . * the primary means of submission is electronic , in postscript format . papers should be e-mailed to ld98 @ informatik . uni-freiburg . de . if electronic submission is not possible , then 5 hard copies should be sent to the postal address given below . regardless of the submission method , a letter or e-mail message accompanying the paper must contain the title , authors , and contact information ( e-mail and postal addresses ) . * authors are strongly encouraged to use latex2e and the article document class with a4paper and 11pt as options . ( basic dimensions for a4paper - 11pt format are approximately : text height 300mm , text width 210mm , 11pt text with a 13 . 5pt leading ( baseline skip ) . ) * submitted papers must be written in english . reception of submissions will be confirmed by e-mail after we have succeeded in printing the paper . important dates submission deadline : january 31st , 1999 notification of acceptance : april 30th , 1999 deadline for final papers : june 15th , 1999 program committee david basin , institut fr informatik , albert - ludwigs - universitt freiburg , germany marcello d ' agostino , universit di ferrara , italy dov gabbay , king 's college , london , uk sen matthews , max - planck - institut fr informatik , saarbrcken , germany luca vigan , institut fr informatik , albert - ludwigs - universitt freiburg , germany addresses * the labelled deduction ( ld ' 98 ) home page ( http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 / ) * email : ld98 @ informatik . uni-freiburg . de * by post : labelled deduction c / o luca vigan institut fr informatik albert - ludwigs - universitt freiburg universittsgelnde flugplatz d-79110 freiburg germany phone : + 49 ( 761 ) 203-8243 fax : + 49 ( 761 ) 203-8242
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 2212,""Subject: book review ( cheng ) : on the typology of wh - questions
  
  cheng , lisa lai - shen . ( 1997 ) . on the typology of wh - questions . outstanding dissertations in linguistics series . garland publishing , new york & london . 210 pages . reviewed by kerstin hoge , university of oxford introduction this book ( originally written as the author 's 1991 ph . d . dissertation ) attempts to account for the full range of cross-linguistic variation found with single and multiple wh-questions . to this aim , cheng proposes the clausal typing hypothesis which postulates a parameter that identification ( or ' typing ' ) of a sentence as a wh-question is achieved either by a question particle or by overt wh-movement . the first part of the book ( chapters 2 and 3 ) discusses the clausal typing hypothesis and its predictions and implications for the analysis of wh-in - situ languages , single movement languages , optional movement languages and multiple fronting languages . data from multiple fronting languages lead cheng to an investigation of the interpretation and inherent properties of wh-words in a number of languages . this marks the transition to the second part of the book ( chapters 4 and 5 ) which shifts the focus to wh-words and quantificational phenomena in mandarin chinese . cheng 's book provides an extensive overview of the differences exhibited across languages with respect to wh-question formation and presents an interesting attempt to unify two previously separate approaches to wh-movement in arguing that both properties of c and of the wh-words themselves are responsible for the observed typological distinctions . synopsis chapter 1 presents the general aims and outline of the book and briefly introduces the phrase structure of mandarin chinese , which features prominently in the book as an example of a wh-in - situ language . chapter 2 introduces the clausal typing hypothesis . cheng observes that languages which allow for wh-in - situ in single questions invariably use overt markings ( such as particles ) in matrix yes-no questions . if a language has an overt yes-no question particle , it will also have a wh-question particle , which may but need not be overt . question particles and overt wh-movement , both of which identify a clause as an interrogative , are thus mutually exclusive . to account for this generalisation , cheng proposes that clauses are typed at s - structure either by a wh-particle or by overt wh-movement but crucially not by both in one language , cf . ( 1 ) . ( 1 ) clausal typing hypothesis every clause needs to be typed . in the case of typing a wh-question , either a wh-particle in c is used or else fronting of a wh-word to the spec of c is used , thereby typing a clause through c by spec - head agreement . ( = cheng 1997 : 22 , ( 9 ) ) the two available strategies are illustrated by mandarin chinese and english , respectively . mandarin chinese satisfies clausal typing by base-generating a wh-particle in c . consequently , all wh-phrases will stay in-situ . overt wh-movement is ruled out by the principle of economy of derivation ( chomsky 1989 ) , according to which movement is more costly than merge , a ' last resort ' operation and applicable only when clausal typing could not be achieved otherwise . at lf , wh-phrases move to speccp for scope , selection and absorption purposes . english uses overt wh-movement to satisfy clausal typing , i . e . c acquires the [ + wh ] - feature of the xp in its specifier . the clausal typing hypothesis further requires cheng to make the following assumptions with respect to english : ( i ) subject wh-phrases must undergo overt movement ( contra the vacuous movement hypothesis ) , ( ii ) no q - morpheme or [ + wh ] - feature is base-generated in c , and ( iii ) ' whether ' and ' if ' are not question particles . chapter 3 discusses optional and multiple wh-fronting languages which present a challenge to the clausal typing hypothesis . optional fronting languages appear to use both modes of clausal typing , i . e . they allow for wh-fronting although they have a wh-particle ( given the possibility of wh-in - situ ) . using egyptian arabic , bahasa indonesia and palauan as languages of investigation , cheng argues that questions with fronted wh-phrases in optional fronting languages do not instantiate overt wh-movement but display clear similarities to cleft and topicalisation structures . thus , a ' fronted ' wh-argument is base-generated as the subject of a reduced cleft construction , while a fronted wh-adjunct has undergone topicalisation . optional fronting languages are then straightforward in-situ languages which satisfy clausal typing by base-generating a wh-particle in ( matrix ) c . multiple fronting languages appear to violate the principle of economy of derivation in that all wh-phrases must move at s - structure although clausal typing is satisfied by single wh-movement . extending nishigauchi 's ( 1990 ) analysis of japanese wh-words , cheng suggests that bare wh-words in multiple fronting languages are similar to indefinites , i . e . they lack inherent quantificational force and simply introduce variables into the semantic representation which must be bound by other elements in the sentence . it is thus not surprising that the interpretation of a wh-word in a multiple fronting language can vary with its context . for example , polish wh-words are interpreted as interrogatives when fronted , receive a d ( iscourse ) - linked reading when in-situ , are used as polarity items in yes-no questions and conditional sentences , and form the morphological base of indefinites , filling out the whole paradigms of person , place and time . cheng now argues that the four different readings arise because there are four different binders which determine the quantificational force of the bare wh-word ( wh ) in these contexts , as schematised in ( 2 ) . ( 2 ) binders ( and readings ) of polish wh - words : a . wh is bound by an overt d ( eterminer ) ( existential reading ) b . wh is bound by a null d with interrogative force ( interrogative reading ) c . wh is bound by existential closure ( polarity reading ) d . wh is bound by a [ + wh ] c ( d - linked reading ) null determiners which contribute interrogative quantificational force need to be licensed and identified by feature matching with a [ + wh ] c at s - structure . it is thus to satisfy the licensing requirement of the null determiner that all wh-phrases in multiple fronting languages move to a position governed by c . the chapter also contains a discussion of rudin 's ( 1988 ) proposal to distinguish between multiple fronting languages which allow for multiply filled speccp ( e . g . bulgarian , romanian ) and those where speccp can host only one wh-phrase and all other wh-phrases are ip - adjoined ( e . g . polish , czech ) . here , cheng proposes to replace rudin 's ecp - style account of superiority effects with an analysis that derives them from the 's hortest movement ' condition , so as to account for the observed [ subject + adjunct ] and [ object + adjunct ] orderings of wh-phrases in the bulgarian - type languages . moreover , she suggests analysing ip - adjunction as q ( uantifier ) r ( aising ) and thus as clausebound , thereby ruling out multiple wh-extraction from embedded clauses in polish - type languages . in chapter 4 cheng examines wh-words in mandarin chinese and analyses them as polarity items which require both a trigger and a binder for interpretation , cf . ( 3 ) . ( 3 ) wh - words in mandarin chinese reading trigger binder - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - interrogative wh-particle wh-particle ( unselective binder ) polarity yes-no particle / existential closure negation ( unselective binder ) universal dou ' all ' dou ' all ' ( selective binder ) thus , when a wh-word is interpreted as an interrogative , it is licensed by a wh-particle which will also bind it and contribute interrogative force to it . the polarity reading is triggered by a yes-no particle or negation , and the binder of the wh-word is introduced by existential closure which will apply to the elements inside vp . it follows that wh-words in affective contexts cannot occur in subject position ( specaspp ) as this position is external to vp and therefore not in the scope of existential closure . cheng further argues that all indefinites in mandarin chinese lack inherent quantificational force and must be bound by existential closure . this has the consequence that indefinites cannot occur in subject position unless the aspp is the complement of a modal ( you ' have ' ) which can act as a binder for the indefinite subject . the second half of chapter 4 is taken up with a discussion of the universal quantifier dou ' all ' , which cheng analyses as a quantificational adverb which is base-generated as an asp ' - or v ' - adjunct . at lf , the distributor dou adjoins to its associate . this movement is clause-bound and leaves a trace which must be antecedent-governed . dou is a selective binder and can only license one np at a time , moving to the closest element which can use a trigger . chapter 5 deals with multiple quantification and interactions between wh - and quantifier phrases in mandarin chinese and english . in mandarin chinese scope relations between quantified phrases always reflect their surface order . cheng explains this lack of scope ambiguities as resulting from the fact that neither indefinites nor universally quantified phrases undergo qr . the interpretation of questions which contain universally quantified phrases ( mei - nps ) appears to be sensitive to the presence of the quantificational adverb dou ' all ' . whereas questions which contain a mei - np without dou only have an individual reading , questions with a mei - np which is licensed by dou allow for both an individual and a pair-list reading , cf . ( 4 ) . ( 4 ) mei-ge - ren dou mai-le shenme every - cl - person all buy-asp what ' what did everyone buy ? ' a . what is the thing such that everyone bought ? b . for every x , what is the thing that x bought ? ( = cheng 1997 : 161 , ( 31 ) ) the ambiguity does , however , not result from different scope relations . rather , cheng argues , the pair-list reading is due to a distributive reading of mei - np which is created by its association with the distributor dou . scope reconstruction ( frampton 1990 ) of the wh-phrase to the site of its intermediate ( vp - adjoined ) trace ( which cheng adopts in her analysis of english wh-quantifier interactions ) is not possible in ( 4 ) because dou creates a barrier and the intermediate trace therefore deletes at lf . cheng 's analysis of wh-quantifier interactions in mandarin chinese rests on the assumption that wh-phrases move at lf . she discusses both arguments in favour of lf - movement and aoun and li 's ( 1993 ) claim that in-situ wh-phrases do not move at lf since they can be modified by ' only ' which needs to be associated with an overt element in its c-command domain . cheng argues that wh-phrases which are modified by ' only ' must have a d - linked interpretation and do therefore not constitute evidence against lf - movement . she further notes reinhart 's ( 1990 ) observation that d - linked wh-phrases have to move to be properly interpreted and suggests that such movement takes place at a post - lf level . the chapter concludes with a discussion of the landing site of lf - movement which cheng identifies as speccp ( contra mahajan 1990 ) . comments cheng 's book occupies a place which marks the onset of the minimalist approach to syntactic theory . while she assumes the barriers framework of chomsky ( 1986 ) and uses a disjunctive ecp to derive locality conditions on dou and the lack of scope reconstruction in wh-quantifier interactions , the principle of economy of derivation is central to her argumentation . not only does it prohibit a language from using both strategies for clausal typing , it also accounts for superiority effects in bulgarian ( by forcing movement of the closest wh-phrase to occur first ) , and precludes lf - lowering of indefinite subjects in mandarin chinese ( since there is an alternative derivation which generates a structure with a modal binder ) . moreover , it rules out multiple wh-movement for clausal typing and thus requires cheng to account for multiple fronting languages as resulting from a licensing requirement of the wh-words . as seen earlier , multiple fronting is shown to correlate with the ability of the wh-words to form the morphological base of indefinite nps . however , it appears that not all languages that have indefinites which are derived from wh-words display multiple fronting . german prefixes a wh-word with irgend - 's ome ' to form an indefinite , filling out the whole paradigms of person , place and time , as seen in ( 5 ) . ( 5 ) german wer ' who ' irgendwer 's omeone ' wo ' where ' irgendwo 's omewhere ' wann ' when ' irgendwann 's ometime ' was ' what ' irgendwas 's omething ' moreover , a bare wh-expression can be used as a polarity item in yes-no questions and conditionals , e . g . ( 6 ) - ( 7 ) . ( 6 ) hast du wen angerufen ? have you whom called ' did you call anybody ? ' ( 7 ) wenn du wen anrufen willst , musst du mir bescheid sagen . if you whom call want , must you me let-know ' if you want to call anybody , you must let me know . ' the morphological forms and possible readings of german wh-words thus mirror the situation found with polish wh-words , as described by cheng . german and polish also have in common that neither language has a question particle ( under cheng 's analysis ) and that they must therefore use overt wh-movement for clausal typing . however , whereas polish fulfils cheng 's prediction and fronts all wh-phrases in multiple questions , german can only move one wh-word to clause-initial position , cf ( 8 ) . ( 8 ) a . wer hat wen angerufen ? who has whom called ' who called whom ? ' b . * wer wen hat angerufen ? who whom has called yiddish presents the reverse problem in that it allows for multiple wh-movement but does not derive its indefinites from the wh-words in a morphologically transparent way , cf . ( 9 ) . ( 9 ) ver ' who ' emetser 's omeone ' vu ' where ' ergets ( vu ) 's omewhere ' ven ' when ' a mol 's ometime ' vos ' what ' epes 's omething ' to make things worse , multiple fronting is optional in yiddish . wh - phrases can stay in-situ without necessarily having a d - linked reading , cf . ( 10 ) . ( 10 ) a . ver vemen hot ongeklungen ? who whom has called ' who called whom ? ' b . ver hot ongeklungen vemen ? who has called whom ' who called whom ? ' german and yiddish thus appear to be direct counterexamples to cheng 's analysis of multiple fronting languages . note also in this context that french , often cited as an example of an optional movement language , falls outside cheng 's analysis . as acknowledged in the book ( 1997 : 39 , fn 4 ) , french does not have a question particle and is therefore not an in-situ language . nevertheless it allows for wh-words to remain in-situ in single matrix questions . it might be possible to account for optional wh-movement in french by postulating that french possesses both a non-overt yes-no particle and a non-overt wh-particle . french would then satisfy clausal typing by base-generating a wh-particle in c and all wh-phrases could stay in-situ . movement of a wh-phrase to clause-initial position could be due to another attractor , such as focus , which is not obligatorily present . whatever appeal such an analysis might hold , it points to the problem of allowing for non-overt question particles . while we do not expect to find overt wh-particles in languages without yes-no particles , what will stop us from assuming that a language which allows a wh-word to stay in-situ has a question particle even when there is no ( phonologically ) overt evidence for such a claim ? cheng 's proposal to relate wh-in - situ to the availability of non-overt wh-particles may thus ultimately turn out to be too permissive a theory . another problem arises with cheng 's approach to superiority effects in bulgarian - type languages . as noted , cheng explains superiority effects as violations of the principle of economy of derivation . given that """" adverbs are in the most embedded positions """" ( 1997 : 81 ) , [ adjunct + argument ] orderings are ruled out because movement of the argument is a shorter movement and must therefore take place before the adjunct moves to speccp . however , as observed by boskovic ( 1997 ) , bulgarian questions containing more than two fronted wh-phrases display superiority effects only with respect to the topmost wh-phrase , the others are freely ordered , contrary to the prediction made by cheng 's approach . these comments aside , cheng 's book is to be commended . it is an extremely well written and clearly presented work which should be fully comprehensible even to readers who are not familiar with the literature on mandarin chinese syntax or heim 's ( 1982 ) theory of indefinites . the book is ambitious in its scope , discussing a wide range of languages , and has undoubtedly made an important contribution to the study of wh-movement . references aoun , j . and a . li . ( 1993 ) . wh - elements in situ : syntax of lf ? linguistic inquiry 24 . 199-238 . boskovic , z . ( 1997 ) . on certain violations of the superiority condition , agro , and economy of derivation . journal of linguistics 33 . 227-254 . chomsky , n . ( 1986 ) . barriers . cambridge , mass . : mit press . chomsky , n . ( 1989 ) . some notes on economy of derivation and representation . in mitwpl 10 : functional heads and clause structure ( reprinted in principles and parameters in comparative grammar , ed . by r . freidin , 417-454 . cambridge , mass . : mit press ) . frampton , j . ( 1990 ) . the fine structure of wh-movement and the proper formulation of the ecp . ms . , northeastern university . heim , i . ( 1982 ) . the semantics of definite and indefinite noun phrases . ph . d . dissertation , university of massachusetts , amherst . mahajan , a . ( 1990 ) . the a / a - bar distinction and movement theory . ph . d . dissertation , mit . nishigauchi , t . ( 1990 ) . quantification in the theory of grammar . dordrecht : kluwer . reinhart , t . ( 1990 ) . interpreting wh-in - situ . ms . rudin , c . ( 1988 ) . on multiple questions and multiple wh fronting . natural language and linguistic theory 6 . 445-502 . kerstin hoge is a d . phil . student in linguistics at the university of oxford . her research interests include syntactic theory and yiddish .
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 2213,""Subject: yuen ren society conference
  
  annual conference , yuen ren society for the promotion of chinese dialect fieldwork 7 february , 1998 317 thomson hall , university of washington , seattle admission is free and open to the public . * * * * * * * * * * * * program * * * * * * * * * * * * panel i 9 : 00-10 : 30 chair : david prager branner 9 : 00 the jintarn and danyang dialects richard vanness simmons , rutgers university 9 : 30 literary vs . vernacular pronunciation of characters ( wenbaiyidu ) in shanghai sheng - tai chang , [ no affiliation ] 10 : 00the evolution of the jiang1 - yan2 dialect jiangmin zhang and lina lu , pacific university * * * * * * * * * * * * 10 : 30 break * * * * * * * * * * * * panel ii 11 : 00-12 : 00 chair : south coblin 11 : 00 ngai hua of luo2 - cheng2 county , guang3 - xi1 province jerold a . edmondson , university of texas at arlington gui minchao , university of oklahoma 11 : 30 hakka revisited jerry norman , university of washington * * * * * * * * * * * * 12 : 00 lunch break * * * * * * * * * * * * panel iii 2 : 00 - 3 : 30 chair : jerry norman 2 : 00 common features of the shan1 - xi1 and the southern dialects anne yue - hashimoto , university of washington 2 : 30 a brief history of mandarin w . south coblin , university of iowa 3 : 00 ji3 - nan2 , an endangered dialect hua lin , university of victoria , canada cao zhiyun , beijing language and culture university , china * * * * * * * * * * * * 3 : 30 break * * * * * * * * * * * * panel iv 4 : 00 - 5 : 30 chair : richard vanness simmons 4 : 00 a glossary of the nantong dialect benjamin ao , [ no affiliation ] 4 : 30 taiwanese southern min """" thumb """" warren brewer , tamkang university , taiwan 5 : 00 on some numeral codes david prager branner , university of minnesota
 "",0
 2214,""Subject: available for review : kpelle dictionary , phonology
  
  the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , ph . d . , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not include an electronic cv or a url linking to a personal homepage . these will be ignored . please also send a surface mail address for us to send the book to . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * kpelle dictionary kpelle - english dictionary with english - kpelle glossary elizabeth grace winkler ( indiana university - bloomington ) iulc publications . 1997 this dictionary of kpelle as spoken in bong county , liberia was prepared with the assistance of clara jimmy - samba , a native speaker of the language . kpelle is part of the mande branch of the western sudanic subgroup of the niger congo family and is representative of mande languages in many ways , including the absence of noun class markers and the presence of five tonal melodies . as kplelle is not a written language , dictionary entries ( over 1 , 100 ) are given in phonetic transcription . also included are comments on the sound system and grammar of kpelle . phonology ncholas j . kibre ( 1997 ) a model of mutation in welsh . iulc publications . bloomington . in light of recent advances in several areas of linguistics , kibre examines the phenomenon o finitial consonant mutation in welsh , arguing that mutation should be considered part of the phonological representation of morphemes . several sets of mixed mutation types are accounted for within the framework of lexical phonology , particularly through an appeal to the elsewhere condition . several """" structural """" mutations are accounted for in terms of mutation-triggering but segmentally empty particles . the analysis concludes with an outline of a mixed model incorporating rules into an ot framework which offers advantages over the traditional generative approach .
 "",0
 2215,""Subject: available for review : semantics
  
  the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , ph . d . , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not include an electronic cv or a url linking to a personal homepage . these will be ignored . please also send a surface mail address for us to send the book to . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * semantics : ishikawa , kiyoshi ( 1998 ) a network thoery of reference . iulc publications . bloomington . noting specific inadequacies with truth-conditional approaches , ishikawa develops a dynamic theory of reference incorporating features of discourse representation theory , file change semantics and situation semantics , and also deals with non-monotonic belief revision . he argues that the task of natural language semantics is to describe meaning in terms of the psychological relation of language to our cognition of external reality . in his approach , a linguistic expression 's meaning is its potential to change the information state of a cognitive agent . reference is not understood as a link to a real individual external to an agent , but as the agent 's act to link a character in a linguistic frame of individuation to characters in other ( linguistic or nonlinguistic ) frames . as the target of inquiry , the distinction between referential and attributive uses of definite descriptions is analyzed through the construction of conversation scenarios . in addition , ishikawa extends his theory to an analysis of belief and attitude reports . application of the theory to cleft and pseudocleft constructions is also outlined . semantics klein , henny ( 1997 ) adverbs of degree in dutch and related languages . john benjamins
 "",0
 2216,""Subject: available for review : syntax , pragmatics , disorders
  
  the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , ph . d . , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not include an electronic cv or a url linking to a personal homepage . these will be ignored . please also send a surface mail address for us to send the book to . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * pragmatic disorders paradis , michel ( 1998 ) pragmatics in neurogenic communication disorders . pergamon press ( elsevier science ) . pragmatics : habermas , jurgen ( 1998 ) ( edited by maeve cooke ) on the pragmatics of communication . mit press , cambridge syntax : bennis et al ( 1998 ) atomism and binding . foris dordrecht ( h . a . g ) . syntax : uriagereka , juan ( 1998 ) rhyme and reason : an introduction to minimalist syntax . mit press , cambridge .
 "",0
 2217,""Subject: semcom metaphor symposium
  
  symposium on metaphor , ai and cognition = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = at the aisb ' 99 convention , 6th - 9th april 1999 edinburgh college of art & division of informatics , university of edinburgh u . k . convention url : http : / / www . dai . ed . ac . uk / daidb / people / homes / geraint / aisb99 / cfp url for this symposium : . . . same as above . . . / 08 - metaphor call for papers the convention - - - - - - - - - - - - - the aisb ' 99 convention will be held in edinburgh in april 1999 . it will consist of 13 workshops and symposia on a wide range of themes in artificial intelligence and cognitive science . an underlying theme of the convention this year is the study of creativity , though not all of the events include a creative element . further details of aisb ' 99 will be found at the conference web site , listed above . the metaphor symposium - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - paper submissions are invited for the symposium on metaphor , ai and cognition . metaphor has been shown to arise frequently and systematically in everyday text and speech , and in specific types of discourse such as educational interchange . it is also of great practical importance in various other areas of life , including graphical representation , music , visual art and computer interface usage . it is therefore an important concern for ai ( and cognitive science generally ) . with the increasing use of computers in society , and the increasing relevance of ai to the development of people-friendly systems , the topic of metaphor must be given much more computational attention than it has been if such systems are truly to succeed . the symposium welcomes contributions on metaphor that seek to illuminate how people or ai systems do or could process metaphor , in whatever medium or form of life it appears . field studies , corpus-based studies and linguistic or philosophical analyses are also welcome , especially if they illuminate difficult processing problems that must be faced . the more computationally , processually , representationally or mathematically specific a contribution to the workshop is , the better ; but contributions that are not specific in these regards will be considered . the areas of interest of the symposium on metaphor , ai and cognition will include , but are not limited to , the following : o handling familiar ( conventional ) metaphor o handling novel metaphor o detecting metaphor in utterances , pictures , diagrams , etc . o extracting metaphorical meaning or connotations o metaphor-based reasoning o generating metaphorical utterances , diagrams , etc . o translation of metaphorical utterances o relationship of metaphor to analogy o relationship of metaphor to literal meaning o frequency of metaphor in discourse o relationship of metaphor to lexicons o effect of metaphor on comprehension , learning , etc . o effect of metaphorical views of computation , intelligence , etc . on the conduct of ai and cognitive science o relationship of metaphor to other non-literal forms of expression or cognition . papers will be selected by anonymous peer review of extended abstracts of not more than 4 a4 pages . a cover page should be supplied listing the title , and the author 's name and affiliation , but the extended abstract itself should not identify the author . deadlines are listed in the timetable , below . programme chair : john barnden school of computer science university of birmingham u . k . j . a . barnden @ cs . bham . ac . uk http : / / www . cs . bham . ac . uk / ~ jab ( + 44 ) ( 0 ) 121-414 - 3816 programme committee : richard coyne department of architecture university of edinburgh u . k . ann dowker department of experimental psychology university of oxford u . k . mark lee school of computer science university of birmingham u . k . tony veale school of computer applications dublin city university eire . yorick wilks department of computer science university of sheffield u . k . submissions should be sent to the programme chair at the following address : school of computer science the university of birmingham edgbaston birmingham b15 2tt u . k . or by email to j . a . barnden @ cs . bham . ac . uk . the following formats are acceptable : hardcopy : 4 copies by email : plain text or unix postscript * only * . timetable submission of extended abstracts : 21 december ' 98 notification of result : 20 january ' 99 submission of camera-ready copy : 12 march ' 99
 "",0
 2218,""Subject: language policy at the millenium
  
  language policy at the millenium call for research reports , case studies , problem statements in language planning and policy the language policy research center in cooperation with the lechter institute and the lewis family fund for international conferences in the humanities are now planning the second international symposium on language policy , language policy at the millennium , to be held at bar - ilan university , ramat gan , israel , from november 23-25 , 1999 . our goal for the symposium is to provide an opportunity to reassess the current status of language policy studies at the end of the century and to clarify theory and methods of the field . we hope to identify questions and define guidelines for the next decade of research . six invited papers will serve as conceptual and theoretical jumping off points for the shorter research reports and case studies requested in this call . the focal papers will be given by joshua a . fishman , joseph lo bianco , lachman khubchandani , peter nelde , carol myers - scotton , and bernard spolsky . in order to offer data-based challenges to the discussion , we invite abstracts of research reports , case studies or statements of a problem in the field of language policy and planning , from which we will select a small number for presentation , each to be juxtaposed with one of the focal papers . in addition , there will be a poster session for presentation of individual research . please submit your abstract of a proposal for a short research report , case study , or statement of a problem in an area of language policy by march 1 , 1999 to joel walters at the address below . notification of acceptance will be sent by april 15 , 1999 . if you have questions , feel free to contact us . sincerely , organizing committee : muhammad amara , bar - ilan university ellen spolsky , bar - ilan university joel walters , bar - ilan university elana shohamy , tel - aviv university bernard spolsky , bar - ilan university language policy research center faculty of humanities bar - ilan university ramat gan , israel 52900 tel . 972 - 3-531 - 8125 fax 972 - 3-535 - 4062 email : waltej @ mail . biu . ac . il additional information will soon be available on the lprc website : http : / www . biu . il / hu / lprc
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 2219,""Subject: poznan linguistic meeting 1999
  
  plm 1999 32nd poznan linguistic meeting recent developments in linguistic theory 30 april-2 may 1999 first circular and call for papers programme the 32nd poznan linguistic meeting , organized by the school of english , adam mickiewicz university , poznan , poland , will continue the theme of the previous meetings , recent developments in linguistic theory . the already known points on the programme of plm 1999 are : a session in honour of prof . jacek fisiak to celebrate the 40th anniversary of his academic career a teach-in on modern methods in experimental phonetics presented by prof . grzegorz dogil ( stuttgart ) a workshop on the syntax and semantics of slavic negation organized by dr . adam przepiorkowski ( tuebingen ) ( please find attached the organiser 's call for papers ) a workshop on constraints and / vs . preferences organized by prof . katarzyna dziubalska - kolaczyk ( poznan ) . prof . wolfgang u . dressler ( vienna ) and prof . rajendra singh ( montreal ) have already confirmed their participation . you are invited to contact the organizer about the details of the workshop : dkasia @ ifa . amu . edu . pl a session on issues in pragmatics organized by prof . barbara kryk - kastovsky ( poznan ) : dieter . kastovsky @ univie . ac . at papers proposals for papers ( as well as other sessions or workshops ) concerned in any way with recent developments in linguistic theory are invited . two - page abstracts ( including bibliography ) should be submitted to the plm 1999 address by 15 january 1999 - preferably by e-mail ( plm @ ifa . amu . edu . pl ) . abstracts will be reviewed by an international advisory board . notification of acceptance will be sent to the authors by the end of february 1999 . book exhibition and sale traditionally , a book exhibition and sale will be organized by the omnibus bookshop , offering very attractive prices on books by major linguistic publishers . venue the venue is different from that of last year . its address is centrum kongresowe instytutu ochrony roslin miczurina 20a 60-318 poznan tel . ( + 48 61 ) 864 92 01 fax ( + 48 61 ) 867 11 75 this is a congress centre of a high standard , including conference rooms and accommodation . approximate prices : single room : 131 pln one bed in a double room : 100 pln . some additional , cheaper accommodation will be available at hotel gromada babimojska 7 ( across the road from the congress centre ) 60-161 poznan fax ( + 48 61 ) 867 31 61 one bed in a double room : 55 pln . ( current pln exchange rate : 1 usd = 3 . 40 pln ) registration 100 usd payable on arrival the fee includes the cost of conference materials , banquet , tea / coffee during the meeting . reply forms for preliminary registration , please complete and return the enclosed form as soon as possible . address for inquiries , abstracts and reply forms plm 1999 school of english adam mickiewicz university collegium novum al . niepodleglosci 4 61-874 poznan poland tel : ( + 48 61 ) 852-88 - 20 fax : ( + 48 61 ) 852-31 - 03 e-mail : plm @ ifa . amu . edu . pl www : http : / / elex . amu . edu . pl / ifa / plm / plm organisers katarzyna dziubalska - kolaczyk jaroslaw weckwerth - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers workshop on the syntax and semantics of slavic negation may 1 - 2 , 1999 during 32nd poznan linguistic meeting ( plm ' 99 ) poznan , poland april 30 - may 2 , 1999 invited speakers ( to be confirmed ) : eva hajicova , charles university , prague maria luisa rivero , university of ottawa abstracts abstracts are invited for 30 - minute talks on all aspects of ( morpho ) syntax and semantics of negation in slavic languages ( also comparing slavic negation to that in other languages ) from any theoretical perspective . the official language of the workshop will be english . we have tentatively arranged with slavica publishers for publishing a volume of selected papers presented at the workshop . further details will be announced at the workshop . abstract requirements : abstracts should be no more than one standard size page in length with the option of including an additional page for data and references . abstracts should be in at least 10 - point type with 1 - inch margins , single-spaced . they should be anonymous . the preferred way of submitting an abstract is via email . abstracts should be sent to the following address : adamp @ sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de acceptable formats are : pure ascii , postscript , tex , latex , latex2e , rtf , also gzipped uuencoded versions thereof . please , send in a separate email the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , address for correspondence , and the title of the paper . alternatively , 3 copies of the abstract , accompanied by a separate card stating the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliation , address , and the title of the paper , should be sent to : adam przepiorkowski ipi pan ul . ordona 21 01-237 warszawa poland abstracts should be received not later than on february 12 , 1999 . important dates : submission deadline : 12th february 1999 acceptance notification : 14th march 1999 programme announcement : 1st april 1999 workshop : 1st - - 2nd may 1999 participation : anybody intending to participate ( including the speakers ) should register for the poznan linguistic meeting ( plm ' 99 ) . any inquiries should be sent to the address below . adam przepiorkowski universitaet tuebingen , gk ils seminar fuer sprachwissenschaft wilhelmstr . 113 d-72074 tuebingen germany office : ( + 49 7071 ) 2972741 home : ( + 49 7071 ) 62410 email : adamp @ sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de www : http : / / www . sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de / ~ adamp / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - plm ' 99 reply form - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - title - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - name - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - affiliation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - address - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if you would like to read a paper , specify the section - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - title of the paper - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i will probably arrive in poznan on - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - and leave on - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - special wishes - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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 2220,""Subject: constraints / preferences at plm 1999 : call for papers
  
  call for papers for a workshop on constraints and / vs . preferences 1 may 1999 during plm ' 99 32nd poznan linguistic meeting recent developments in linguistic theory 30 april - 2 may issues & special topics : * the nature of both constraints and preferences and their epistemological compatibility * scalar nature of preferences vs . absolute nature of constraints ( scalar constraints ? ) * hierarchy vs . rule order ( principles of ranking ) * constraints vs . rules / processes * predictive and explanatory power of constraints and preferences * constraints / preferences and online processing * learnability problem * pro / contra parallelisms between diachronic change and synchronic rules / processes * phonological and phonetic constraints * illustrations and empirical evidence for any claims concerning the above issues speakers who confirmed their participation so far : wolfgang u . dressler ( vienna ) rajendra singh ( montreal ) nikolaus ritt ( vienna ) martin prinzhorn ( vienna ) abstracts : please send one-page abstracts to dkasia @ ifa . amu . edu . pl by the end of february 1999 . registration : please register for the poznan linguistic meeting if you intend to participate ( as a speaker or otherwise ) in the workshop . you will find the reply form and address in the first circular of the plm ' 99 http : / / elex . amu . edu . pl / ifa / plm / index . html katarzyna dziubalska - kolaczyk dkasia @ ifa . amu . edu . pl
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 2221,""Subject: paclic12 call for participation
  
  paclic ' 12 - - the 12th pacific asia conference on linguistics , information and computation national university of singapore february 18-20 , 1998 http : / / sunzi . iss . nus . sg : 1996 / paclic12 / paclic12 @ iss . nus . sg attached below are papers to be presented at the conference . for further information , please check the web page and / or email us . guo jin for paclic12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - opening ceremony ( 9 : 00 - - 9 : 30am , 18 feb 98 ) tea break ( 9 : 30 - - 10 : 00am , 18 feb 98 ) session i grammar ( 10 : 00am - - 12 : 30pm , 18 feb 98 ) 1 . daeho chung : ettehkey ' how ' as a small clause head . 2 . beom - mo kang : three kinds of korean reflexives : a corpus linguistic investigation on grammar and usage . 3 . york chung - ho yang & june - jei kuo : the chinese temporal coverbs , postpositions , coverb - postposition pairs , and their temporal logic . 4 . jie xu : grammatical devices in the processing of [ + wh ] and [ + focus ] 5 . lian - cheng chief : mandarin intransitive reflexive verbs and the unaccusative hypothesis ( mandarin intransitive reflexive verbs ) . session ii syntax and phonology ( 2 : 00pm - - 5 : 30pm , 18 feb 98 ) 1 . masahiro oku : analyzing embedded noun phrase structures derived from japanese double - nominal - case construction . 2 . akira ikeya and masahito kawamori : the two kinds of japanese negative nai in terms of their np1 licensing condition . 3 . chiharu uda kikuta : a multiple inheritance analysis of the internally - headed relative clause in japanese . 4 . yoshie yamashita : the acquisition of functional categories : data from japanese . 5 . seiichiro inaba : moras , syllables , and feet in japanese . 6 . seok - keun kang : english nasal - final prefixes and uniform exponence . session iii lexicon and semantics ( 9 : 00am - - 12 : 30pm , 19 feb 98 ) 1 . jae - il yeom & ik - hwan lee : common grounds as multiple information states . 2 . yibin ni : co - interpretation network in english discourse . 3 . cornelia maria verspoor : predictivity vs . stipulativity in the lexicon . 4 . dan - hee yang , ik - hwan lee & mansuk song : on using case prototypicality as a semantic primitive . 5 . hiroaki nakamura & takeshi fujita : case alternations in potential constructions in japanese and their semantic implications . 6 . kiyoshi ishikawa : on plural anaphora . session iv keynote speeches ( 2 : 00pm - - 4 : 30pm , 19 feb 98 ) 1 . jhing - fa wang : experience on the development of spoken language system based on continuous speech recognition . 2 . k . p . mohanan : a topic on theoretical linguistics to be announced special workshop : ( 5 : 00pm - - 6 : 00pm , 19 feb 98 ) 1 . yasuhito tanaka & kenji kita : machine - readable dictionary headwords . 2 . charles lee : the advantages of 3d - trees in modelling human sentence processing . 3 . young - soog chae : an improvement of korean proof - reading system using corpus and collocation rules ( a korean proof - reading system using multiple dictionaries and a corpus ) . 4 . shun ha sylvia wong & peter hancox : an investigation into the use of argument structure and lexical mapping theory for machine translation . 5 . kok wee gan : using a semantic classification in parsing chinese : some preliminary results . 6 . yong - beo kim : adjunct roles and external predication . 7 . mariko saiki : on the underlying representation of the tough construction in english . 8 . minako nakayasu : tense and the speaker 's attitude in english . session v language modelling ( 9 : 00am - - 1 : 00pm , 20 feb 98 ) 1 . guodong zhou & kim - teng lua : mi - trigger - based language modelling . 2 . zhao - ming gao & harold somers : extracting recurrent phrases and terms from texts using a purely statistical method . 3 . haizhou li & baosheng yuan : chinese word segmentation . 4 . julia hockenmaier & chris brew : error - driven learning of chinese word segmentation . 5 . yujie zhang & kazuhiko ozeki : automatic bunsetsu segmentation of japanese sentences using a classification tree . 6 . kenneth lau & robert luk : word - sense classification by hierarchical clustering . 7 . zhao - ming gao : a high - precision translation lexicon from parallel chinese - english corpora ( automatic acquisition of a high - precision translation lexicon from parallel chinese - english corpora ) . session vi parsing and processing ( 2 . 00pm - - 5 : 30pm , 20 feb 98 ) 1 . joe zhou : surrogator : a simple yet efficient document condensation system . 2 . haodong wu : a computational method for resolving ambiguities in coordinate structures . 3 . simin li & y . itoh : on removing ambiguity in text understanding . 4 . june - jei kuo : an automatic chinese document revision system using the bit and character mask approach . 5 . yasuo koyama : japanese kana - to - kanji conversion using large scale collocation data . 6 . hanmin jung et al : syntactic verifier as a filter to compound unit recognizer
 "",0
 2222,""Subject: high desert linguistics society / students
  
  call for papers the high desert linguistics society 2nd student conference in linguistics ( hdls - 2 ) march 26-27 , 1999 university of new mexico albuquerque keynote speaker : dr . sandra thompson , ucsb we invite student papers from all areas of linguistics , but we especially encourage papers in following specific areas of inquiry : form and function language change and grammaticization discourse analysis native american linguistics sign language linguistics computational linguistics sociolinguistics & language planning abstracts for 20 - minutes papers may be a maximum of one page . at the top of the abstract ( if by e-mail ) or on a separate page ( if on paper ) , please include : title of paper author name ( s ) and affiliation ( s ) topic area ( from the list above or whatever seems appropriate ) e-mail address paper mailing address submission deadline : abstracts must be received by jan . 22 , 1999 . where to submit : abstracts for 20 - minute papers should be e-mailed in ascii , word , or word perfect form to : < hdls @ unm . edu > . please use """" abstract """" as your subject header . if you are submitting more than one abstract , please e-mail each separately . if you prefer to use regular mail , send two copies of your abstract to : hdls - 2 abstracts university of new mexico humanities 526 albuquerque , nm 87131 proceedings the proceedings of the conference will be published in the summer of 1999 . inquiries : for more information , visit the conference web site at < http : / / www . unm . edu / ~ hdls / hdls - 2 / , available soon . e-mail inquiries : hdls @ unm . edu
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 2223,""Subject: shenandoah language and linguistics society
  
  the shenandoah language and linguistics society symposium is issuing a call for papers for their upcoming symposium to be held at the southern virginia college campus in buena vista , virginia . the conference will be held on march 25-26 , 1999 . topics the conference welcomes papers treating a variety of topics in language and linguistics . this includes not only papers treating topics within linguistic disciplines such as phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics , pragmatics , sociolinguistics , historical linguistics , and applied linguistics , but also interdisciplinary presentations that involve language analysis . speakers the keynote speaker is professor william eggington , professor of english language and linguistics at brigham young university . professor eggington specializes in language - in - education policy and general language planning . his most recent book is entitled the sociopolitics of english language teaching . his keynote address is entitled """" linguistic predictors of academic achievement . """" the featured speaker will be professor terry blodgett , professor of german at southern utah university . he is currently preparing a four-volume book entitled israel : the migrations . professor blodgett will be speaking on """" the four sound shifts which reveal israel 's four migrations . """" submissions mail your abstracts ( see accompanying submission form ) to professor dallin d . oaks , department of arts and humanities , southern virginia college . buena vista , virginia 24416 . submissions may be faxed to ( 540 ) 261-8451 . please do not send any submissions by electronic mail . the deadline for receiving abstracts will be january 25 , 1999 . for further information contact professor dallin d . oaks at ( 540 ) 261-4117 . or e-mail him at doaks @ southernvirginia . edu submission form 1 ) name ( as you wish to appear in the program ) : 2 ) university or institutional affiliation : 3 ) title of presentation : 4 ) address at which you can be reached ( please include phone numbers as well as an e-mail address if you have one ) : 5 ) please indicate with a check mark the general area of language analysis or linguistics that most closely corresponds to the topic of your presentation : phonetics or phonology _ _ _ _ _ historical linguistics _ _ _ _ _ morphology _ _ _ _ _ psycholinguistics or language acquisition _ _ _ _ _ syntax _ _ _ _ _ language pedagogy _ _ _ _ _ semantics or pragmatics _ _ _ _ _ language and literary analysis _ _ _ _ _ discourse analysis _ _ _ _ _ names and naming _ _ _ _ _ language varieties _ _ _ _ _ language and computers _ _ _ _ _ other ( please specify ) _ _ _ _ _ 6 ) please indicate the length of time you would like for your presentation . priority in selection will go to the standard presentation time of 20 minutes ( with an additional 5 minutes for questions ) . 20 - minute presentation _ _ _ _ _ 40 - minute presentation _ _ _ _ _ 60 - minute presentation _ _ _ _ _ 7 ) attach a 250 word abstract that describes the presentation you would like to make .
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 2224,""Subject: portuguese
  
  call for papers : portuguese 1999 american association of teachers of spanish and portuguese annual meeting denver , colorado july 30 - august 3 , 1998 . papers are invited in the following areas : pannel 1 : portuguese linguistics portuguese morphology , syntax , semantics , phonetics and phonology . sociolinguistics and pragmatics of portuguese speaking communities . portuguese in contact . pannel 2 : portuguese language and development teaching techniques , development of portuguese programs , methods and methodologies , assessment , actfl standards applied to portuguese . pannel 3 : portuguese for spanish speakers methodology , pedagogical material , contrastive analysis , or any aspect of the teaching of portuguese for spanish speakers . send abstracts until january 1 , 1999 to : ( hard copies or e-mail ) ana maria carvalho dept . of spanish and portuguese modern language 545 tucson , az 85721-0067 anac @ u . arizona . edu or lyris wiedemann 245 marmona drive menlo park , ca 94025-2953 fax : ( 650 ) 322-7866 lyriswiedemann @ compuserve . com abstracts should not exceed 200 words . papers may be presented in english or portuguese . please specify in which pannel you would like to present .
 "",0
 2225,""Subject: child language seminar 1999
  
  please post to the list , thank you . child language seminar 1999 first announcement and call for papers 2 - 4 september 1999 the 1999 child language seminar will be hosted by the department of language and communication science , city university , london , uk . proposals are invited for papers of 30 minutes duration and for posters on issues related to language acquisition in children . * keynote speakers : dan slobin and judy kegl * conference location the conference sessions will be held at the main campus with accommodation nearby at rosebery hall . city university is located near islington , within walking distance of central london . * publication of proceedings selected papers will be published in the conference proceedings , to appear before 31 december 2000 . * how to submit abstracts abstracts should be up to 250 words in length ( excluding references ) and may be submitted preferably by e-mail or e-mail attachment , alternatively by mail or fax . submissions should be received by 1 may 1999 . at the top of the abstract please include name ( s ) of author ( s ) , institutional affiliation , full address , e - mail address , telephone and fax numbers , paper or poster , equipment requirements . please leave several lines between this information and the title and body of the abstract so that the header information can be removed for anonymous review . send your abstract to : cls 99 dept . of language and communication science , city university , northampton sq . , london , ec1v 0hb e-mail : cls99 @ city . ac . uk fax : ( + 44 ) ( 0 ) 171 477 8577 minicom / tty : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 477 8314 * for questions or more information on the conference please check our conference website : http : / / www . city . ac . uk / ccs / cls99 . htm or contact : gary morgan : 44 ( 0 ) 171 419 3162 shula chiat : 44 ( 0 ) 171 477 8297 - - - - - - gary morgan dept of linguistics , ucl , london tel : 0171 4193162 ( voice / text ) fax : 0171 3834198
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 2226,""Subject: the written poem : semiotic conventions from old to modern english
  
  huisman , rosemary ( university of sydney ) ; the written poem : semiotic conventions from old to modern english ; available from cassell ; hb . : 0 304 33999 7 ; us $ 75 . 00 / 45 . 00 this book defines a focus of interest : contemporary poetry and its historical construction as a 's een object ' , and uses current literary and social theory to facilitate its study . thus the book contains matter of relevance to practising poets , to those engaged in literary studies and to those with a sociolinguistic interest in the english language , especially in relation to technical and social changes in language technology and literacy . part one discusses the use of graphic , that is visual , conventions in contemporary poetry in english . how do we recognize ' a poem ' ( including apparent contraventions , such as the ' prose-poem ' ) ? once a poem has been recognized , what are the interpretative conventions brought into play for reading it ? and especially , how has the spatial arrangement on the page become ' meaningful ' in its own right for much contemporary poetry ? the last question , of the semiosis of the 's een poem ' , is discussed at length , with numerous examples from individual poems . for a consistent descriptive vocabulary for 'd iscourse ' and ' genre ' , a model of language and social context , derived from the work of the linguist m . a . k . halliday and the sociologist basil bernstein , where relevant , is explained and used . part two explores questions which have been brought to the fore in part one . what is the origin of the line as the primary generic sign of poetry ? how does the potential for seen , rather than spoken , meaning emerge ? it particularly focuses on changes in manuscript conventions from old to middle english poetry , on the comparitvely late significance of print for poetic discourse , on the change , in an increasingly literate understanding of ' literature ' , from a social to a personal understanding of poetic meaning from the late eighteenth century through the nineteenth century . if what has been regarded as an object , ' the poem ' , is an outcome of the social processes of textual interpretation and production , so too is what has been regarded as ' the subject ' , that through which meaning is authorized . available for review . email : sales @ cassellexport . demon . co . uk
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 2227,""Subject: the lexicogrammar of adjectives : a systemic functional approach to lexis
  
  tucker , gordon h ( cardiff university ) ; the lexicogrammar of adjectives : a systemic functional approach to lexis ; published by cassell ; hb . : 0 304 33903 2 ; us $ 75 . 00 / 50 . 00 adjectives are the third most important class of words ( after verbs and nouns ) , yet this is the first book-length study in english of this central grammatical category . in it english adjectives are described within a framework which unifies semantics and syntax ; this has important implications for the modelling of lexis in general . it has long been a principle of systemic functional linguistics - the theory in which the description is set - that lexis should be treated , in halliday 's words , as ' most delicate grammar ' . until now , this challenging concept has never been explored and tested for more than a few small areas of lexis . the research reported here is the first large-scale test of this hypothesis . after a thorough survey of the relevant literature , gordon tucker provides a linguistic description of the meanings and forms of the adjectives themselves , the structures that occur around them , and the funtions that such units perform as elements of other units ( such as the clause and the nominal group ) . the lexicogrammar of adjectives constitutes a major descriptive additon to our knowledge of the value of ' lexis as most delicate grammar ' . it is a major contribution to the theoretical modelling of language in general and of words in particular . its conclusions are important both for systemic functional linguistics and for linguistic theory in general . available for review . email : sales @ cassellexport . demon . co . uk
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 2228,""Subject: summary justice : judges address juries
  
  robertshaw , paul ( university of wales ) ; summary justice : judges address juries published by cassell as part of the open lingustics series ; hb . : 0 304 33701 3 ; us $ 75 . 00 / 55 . 00 this is the first study of the practice of judical summing-up to juries and of its 's urvey of the evidence ' as rhetoric , persuasive language , in the crown court in england and wales . the transcripts of these summings-up can vary from a few to hundreds of pages , and are significant in that they break the flow between advocates ' turn-taking , especially their final speeches , and the deliberation of the jury . in addition to its linguistic and rhetorical concerns , the book considers this practice of summing-up as a legal problem - as unrecognized advocacy - and examines alternatives , such as the us states ' , canadian and scottish models . the scottish model is prescribed for consideration by anglo - welsh judges , with its insistence on parsimonious reference to the disputed narrative , only where relevant to the legal issues on which instruction is being given . available for review . email : sales @ cassellexport . demon . co . uk
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 2229,""Subject: learning through language in early childhood
  
  painter , clare ( university of new south wales ) ; learning through language in early childhood ; published by cassell as part of the open linguistics series ; hb . : 0 304 70056 8 ; us $ 69 . 95 / 45 . 00 language is a child 's major tool for learning about the world . through the everyday , taken-for - granted interactions of everyday conversation , a child not only learns the mother tongue , but uses it as a resource for thinking and reasoning . this book presents a rich naturalistic case study of one childs use of language in the pre-school years from two-and - a-half to five , drawing on systemic functional theory to argue that cognitive development is essentially a linguistic process and offering a new description and interpretation of linguistic and cognitive developments during this period . the case study examines the child 's changing language in terms of its role in interpreting four key domains of experience - - the world of things , the world of events , the world of semiosis ( including the inner world of cognition ) and the construal of cause and effect . it shows how new linguistic possibilities constitute developments in cognitive resources and prepare the child for later learning in school . available for review . email : sales @ cassellexport . demon . co . uk
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 2230,""Subject: 6th intl . symposium on social communication ( cuba )
  
  sixth international symposium on social communication santiago de cuba january 25-28 , 1999 the applied linguistics centre of ministry of science , technology and environment in santiago de cuba , is pleased to announce the sixth international symposium on social communication to be held in santiago de cuba , january 25th - 28th , 1999 . this international event will focus on social communication processes from the points of view of applied linguistics , computational linguistics , cybernetics , medicine , ethnology , folklore and mass media studies . the symposium will be also sponsored by : . . university of oriente , cuba . . higher institute for medical sciences , santiago de cuba . . information for development agency , citma , cuba . . humboldt university , germany . . university of twente , the netherlands . . national council of researchs , italy . . linguists association of cuba papers and posters will be discussed within the following disciplines : 1 . applied linguistics : - spanish and foreign languages teaching , translations , scientific terminology , sociolinguistics , psycholin - guistics , phonetics . 2 . computational linguistics : software related to : - lexicological , lexicographic and grammatical research . - the compilation of automated monolingual , bilingual and fraseological dictionaries . - other uses of computational linguistics . 3 . voice processing : - artificial intelligence applied to voice analysis , synthesis and recognition . - voice - processing equipment . their use in informatics , accoustic analysis and as aid for the hearing and sight impaired . - voice - processing research related to """" cry analysis """" . 4 . medical specialities related to pathological processes which use speech and voice analysis : - presentations on research results showing the effects of the use of words and communication for the treatment of various illnesses . - interdisciplinary treatment of logophoniatric patients with vocal tract disorders . - results of investigations related to diagnoses of central nervous system diseases through the cry analysis method . 5 . mass media : - language in the mass media . 6 . ethnology and folklore : - papers related to ethnology , folklore and other aspects of social communication . international workshops - lexicological and lexicographic research . - computational linguistics : automatic tagging of textual corpora . papers at workshops should be presented in 10 minutes . scientific discussion will take place at the end of the workshop . at the papers there must be pointed out if they are meant for a workshop . round table at the symposium there will be a round table on """" new technologies in the mass media . their social impact . """" summaries a summary under 250 words must be sent before july 1st , 1998 . papers to enable us to deliver the proceedings with the event documentation , accepted papers must be sent before september 1st , 1998 , with the following requirements : 1 . only 6 pages including graphics , notes and bibliography . 2 . edited with word 6 . 0 or word 7 . 0 for windows and sent through e-mail ( attachment ) and 3 1 / 2 """" diskette . 3 . each page must have 55 lines maximun in a a4 ( mail type ) format . instructions for papers presentation 1 . write down the authors ' names , one under the other , at the left top of the first page , all in arial bold capital letters , 10 points size ( word 6 . 0 or 7 . 0 ) . under the authors ' names it should appear the institution , city and country where they belong in bold but only initial capital letters . 2 . in a separate line , at the center , the title of the paper must be written in arial bold , cursive , 11 points size letters . 3 . the text will follow - not in bold - with the same arial letter , 10 points size and leaving a space between lines . 4 . notes will appear at the end of each page in arial 9 points size letters . presentation time will be 15 minutes and 5 minutes for discussion . authors must declare if they need a tape recorder , video set , computer or other kind of equipment . all mail or enquiries should be addressed to : dr . eloina miyares bermudez secretaria ejecutiva comite organizador apartado postal 4067 , vista alegre santiago de cuba 4 , cuba 90400 telephones : ( 53-226 ) 42760 or ( 53-226 ) 41081 fax : ( 53-226 ) 41579 e - mail : leonel @ lingapli . ciges . inf . cu home page : http : / / wwwseti . cs . utwente . nl / parlevink / cuba official languages : spanish and english . inscription fee : speakers and delegates . . . . . . 130 . 00 usd companions . . . . . . 70 . 00 usd payment must be in cash during the registration . accomodation santiago de cuba has 4 and 5 stars hotels at the disposal of the participants who apply for them . the organizing committee will offer a special package with preferential prices . other aspects of interest santiago de cuba , located at some 900 kms from havana , is cuba 's second largest city due to its economic , cultural and social importance . santiago is also the capital of the province with the same name . surrounded by the green mountains of the sierra maestra range and the caribbean sea , santiago is unique in its geography and beautiful landscape . its surroundings make the city one of the most important touristic attractions on the entire island . the organizing committee , in coordination with the city 's tourist agencies will offer visiting delegates a host of options allowing participants to enjoy the city 's beauty and charm . important reminders . . july 1st , 1998 submission of summaries . . july 15th , 1998 information about the approval of the paper . . september 1th , 1998 deadline for paper reception by diskette and e-mail . . january 25th - 28th 1999 sixth international symposium scientific and organizing committee president of honor : dr . rosa elena simeon negrin minister of science , technology and environment , cuba aida almaguer furnaguera - citma ( * ) osvaldo bebelagua c . - information for development agency , citma vitelio ruiz hernandez - applied linguistics centre eloina miyares bermudez - applied linguistics centre marcos cortina v . - university of oriente nayra pujals - higher institute for medical sciences renate siegmund - humboldt university , germany kathleen wermke - humboldt university , germany anton nijholt - university of twente , the netherlands daniela ratti - cnr ( * * ) , italy lucia marconi - cnr , italy claudia rolando - cnr , italy margarita hernandez s . - citma leonel ruiz miyares - applied linguistics centre nancy alamo suarez - applied linguistics centre gisela cardenas molina - linguists association of cuba humberto ocan ~ a dayar - linguists association of cuba ( * ) citma - ministry of science , technology and environment , cuba ( * * ) cnr - national council of researchs , italy sixth international symposium on social communication registration form mr . / ms . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ organization : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ title : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ business address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telefax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ home address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ speaker _ _ _ _ _ participant _ _ _ _ _ _ companions _ _ _ _ _ _ paper title : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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 2231,""Subject: sintassi comparata dell ' accordo participiale ramanzo
  
  michele loporcaro sintassi comparata dell ' accordo participiale romanzo rosenberg & sellier , torino , 1998 isbn 88-7011 - 719 - 7 , 272 pages , lit . 65 . 000 address of the publisher : via andrea doria 14 , i-10123 torino grosenb @ tin . it ( credit cards accepted ) this book offers a comprehensive account of romance past participle ( pp ) agreement in verbal periphrastics , a much-debated topic in romance linguistics as well as in theoretical syntax . its main bulk consists of a systematic inventory of agreement systems throughout romance ( chs . 3 - 4 ) , which is unprecedented as to both empirical coverage and level of detail . beside the standard languages , dialects ( especially , but by no means exclusively , italo - romance ones ) are considered thoroughly , based in part on first-hand data . one of the basic points of this work is that no sensible account of pp agreement can be arrived at without in-depth consideration of dialect variation . more than sixty different systems are taken into account : for virtually all of them the discussion is not limited to selected syntactic constructions , but rather encompasses the whole set of verbal periphrastics ( both perfective and passive ) consisting of auxiliary + pp . among the agreement systems analyzed here several have not been previously described . the presentation of romance syntactic variation in chapters 3 and 4 is preceded by two introductory chapters and followed by three more theoretically oriented ones . ch . 1 deals with traditional accounts of pp agreement in romance linguistics and shows why a fresh look at the phenomena at issue is needed . ch . 2 introduces the aims and method of the present monograph , which is cast in the framework of relational grammar . after the assessment of dialect variation in pp agreement ( chs . 3 - 4 ) , ch . 5 shows that the analysis developed to account for it naturally projects onto diachrony . the steps through which pp agreement has evolved over time from latin to romance are shown to closely match the parametric options evidenced by synchronic geographic variation . ch . 6 compares the achievements of the present study with competing approaches to pp agreement developed within the principles and parameters approach ( or earlier versions of generative grammar ) . one of the main results of this comparison is the recognition of the fact that proposals put forward by generative grammarians - in spite of seeming differences , due to the theoretical machinery used - are very much in keeping with the descriptive tradition discussed ( and criticized ) in ch . 1 . ch . 6 also contains a discussion of pp agreement in the acquisition of italian as a first language . this domain of empirical data can be naturally unified with dialectal and diachronic variation under the approach developed here . ch . 7 finally synthesizes the results and elaborates on the internal articulation of the parametric conditions involved in pp agreement throughout romance varieties . the concluding table ( 29 ) displays in half a page all the syntactically relevant information that is both necessary and sufficient to exhaustively characterize pp agreement through space and time across romance . finally , a list of keywords for this book would have to include a number of related issues that must be dealt with in connection with pp agreement and which are in fact repeatedly touched upon in the seven chapters . among these , auxiliary selection and the contrast between agreement of pps and of adjectival predicates figure most prominently . other topics discussed range from the syntactic nature of clitics to the representation of reflexives , impersonal constructions , and existentials , to mention just a few . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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 2232,""Subject: basic course in neurolinguistics
  
  first circular december 1998 the department of linguistics at the university of oslo and the nordic neurolinguistic network are pleased to announce that a nordic research course , sponsored by the nordic academy for advanced study ( norfa ) : basic course in neurolinguistics will be held at sanner hotell , granavollen 3 - 5 , 2750 gran , norway , june 11-15 , 1999 . the course will consist of three components : ( i ) survey lectures by dr . susan edwards ( department of linguistic science , university of reading ) , dr . heidi hamilton ( department of linguistics , georgetown university ) , dr . matti laine ( department of psychology , turku university ) , professor bruce murdoch ( department of speech pathology and audiology , university of brisbane ) ; ( ii ) seminars with individual presentations by the students and post-paper discussions ; ( iii ) discussion sessions towards the end of a topic area , focusing on the methodological and theoretical issues shared by the papers presented . criteria for student selection in addition to those defined by norfa ( with regard to country of origin , etc . ) are : ( a ) the participants should have a strong background in one or several of the following disciplines or related areas : linguistics , psychology , neurology , cognitive science , phonetics , logopaedics and / or special education . ( b ) the topic of the course ( neurolinguistics ) should occupy a significant position in the phd or post-doctorate studies or study plans of the participants . the number of student participants will be restricted to 20 . pre - course requirements in addition to the general norfa requirements : ( a ) the applicants should send , together with their application , a 3 - 5 page long abstract of their work ( planned or ongoing ) in the topic area of the course . ( b ) a list of required pre-reading material will be sent to the participants in advance of the course . norfa will cover the cost of tuition , board and lodging during the course , and travel expences ( cheapest mode of travel ) for students from the nordic countries . for further details contact the responsible organiser . application procedure : send a free-form application to inger moen ( below ) by march 1 , 1999 . please enclose a brief cv and a 3 - 5 page long abstract of your work ( planned or ongoing ) in the topic area of the course . those accepted will be notified by april 1 . responsible organiser : professor inger moen , department of linguistics , university of oslo , p . o . box 1102 , blindern , n-0317 oslo , norway , phone + 47 22 85 42 64 , fax + 47 22 85 69 19 , e - mail inger . moen @ ilf . uio . no . web site : http : / / www . hf . uio . no / ilf / neurolingcourse99
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 2233,""Subject: acl ' 99 association for computational linguistics / workshop proposals
  
  acl ' 99 association for computational linguistics * * * * * call for workshop proposals * * * * * the call for worskhops is at http : / / www . issco . unige . ch / staff / susan / acl / susan armstrong | e - mail : susan . armstrong @ issco . unige . ch issco , university of geneva | www : http : / / issco-www . unige . ch / 54 route des acacias | tel : + 41 / 22 / 705 71 13 ch-1227 geneva ( switzerland ) | fax : + 41 / 22 / 300 10 86
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 2234,""Subject: linguistics 36 : 4 ( 1998 )
  
  linguistics volume 36 - 4 ( 1998 ) special issue developing a verb category . cross - linguistic perspectives edited by elena v . m . lieven mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york elena v . m . lieven . . . . . . . . introduction shanley allen . . . . . . . . . . . . categories within the verb category : learning the causative in inuktitut heike behrens . . . . . . . . . . . . how difficult are complex verbs ? evidence from german , dutch , and english penelope brown . . . . . . . . . . . children 's first verbs in tzeltal : evidence for an early verb category soonja choi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . verbs in early lexical and syntactic development in korean katherine demuth . . . . . . . . . argument structure and the acquisition of sesotho applicatives elena v . m . lieven , julian m . pine , caroline f . rowland . . . . . . comparing different models of the development of the english verb category michael maratsos . . . . . . . . . commentary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
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 2235,""Subject: the linguistic review 15 : 4 ( 1998 )
  
  the linguistic review volume 15 : 4 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york david basilico . . . . . . . . . . . . wh - movement in iraqi arabic and slave yuji hatakeyama . . . . . . . . . . . topic - and focus-topicalizations marjon helmantel . . . . . . . . . . simplex adpositions and vector theory william x . f . yu . . . . . . . . . . . theta role assignment , internal structures of reflexives and reflexive binding index to volume 15 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
 "",0
 2236,""Subject: new and recent titles in syntax and morphology from oxford up
  
  the acquisition of second-language syntax susan braidi , west virginia university the issue of syntactic development is one of the most central to both linguistics and applied linguistics . assuming no detailed background knowledge of linguistics , this book is an introduction to the acquisition of syntax in a second language . the text builds a coherent picture of second language grammatical development by showing the interactions between the syntactic , processing , and functional / discourse approaches , and looks at how and why these different approaches give different results . ( an arnold publication ) december 1998 232 pp . ; 3 linecuts 0-340 - 64591 - 1 paper $ 19 . 95 0-340 - 64592 - x cloth $ 80 . 00 oxford university press understanding syntax maggie tallerman , university of durham ( understanding language ) this text provides a complete introduction to the syntax of human languages . assuming no prior knowledge of linguistics , the book discusses and illustrates all of the major terms and concepts essential to the study of sentence structure . while drawing initial illustrations primarily from english , the book presents extensive additional material from several dozen other languages . written in an accessible style with many examples and interactive exercises , this book is the perfect choice for anyone approaching this subject for the first time . ( an arnold publication ) december 1998 240 pp . 0-340 - 60377 - 1 paper $ 19 . 95 0-340 - 70000 - 9 cloth $ 60 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
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 2237,""Subject: semantics , pragmatics , & philosophy of languages from oxford up
  
  a theory of linguistic signs rudi keller , heinrich heine university , dusseldorf translated by kimberley duenwald signs shape our lives : we are surrounded by signs , we surround ourselves with signs , and usually we are completely unaware of it . rudi keller shows how signs emerge , function , and develop in the permanent process of language change . he recombines thoughts and ideas from plato to the present day to create a new theory of the meaning and evolution of icons and symbols . by assuming no prior knowledge and by developing his argument from first principles , he has written a basic text which includes all the necessary features : easy style , good organization , original scholarship , and historical depth . this is a non-technical book which will interest linguists , philosophers , students of communications and cultural studies , semioticians / semanticists , sociologists , and anthropologists . december 1998 272 pp . ; 10 linecuts 0-19 - 823795 - 2 paper $ 19 . 95 0-19 - 823733 - 2 cloth $ 82 . 00 oxford university press understanding pragmatics jef verschueren , university of antwerp , belgium ( understanding language ) ( an arnold publication ) what do people do when using language ? how exactly is meaning generated when we communicate ? and why do we say one thing when we usually mean another ? examining the mental and social processes involved in communicating through language , understanding pragmatics is a comprehensive introduction to the subject . the book provides an outline of the thereotical basis of pragmatics , examines its major theoretical perspectives and explores its methodological issues . december 1998 288 pp . ; 7 halftones , 10 linecuts 0-340 - 64623 - 3 paper $ 19 . 95 0-340 - 64624 - 1 cloth $ 70 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
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 2238,""Subject: general linguistics from oxford university press
  
  language through the looking glass : exploring language and linguistics marina yaguello , university of paris vii translated by trevor a . le v . harris what can wordplay - - as understood in the broadest sense - - teach us about language , its functions , characteristics , structure , and workings ? using lewis carroll 's alice as a starting point , yanguello takes the reader on a vivid and unconventional voyage into the world ( s ) of language , charting the major themes of linguistics along the way . this is an entertaining and original introduction to the nature of language that will appeal to students and teachers alike . december 1998 184 pp . ; 8 halftones 0-19 - 870005 - 9 paper $ 16 . 95 0-19 - 870006 - 7 cloth $ 49 . 95 oxford university press language wars and linguistic politics louis - jean calvet , sorbonne , paris translated by michel petheram non - linguistic conflicts - - economic , religious , territorial - - are often projected on to language differences , and may be played out in the language policies of governments and other holders of power . jean - louis calvet deals broadly , in a non-technical and introductory style , with this interaction of language issues and political process . he examines the fundamental problems arising from language contact , multilingualism , and the conflicts caused by inequalities symbolized in various patterns of language use . december 1998 232 pp . ; 2 linecuts 0-19 - 870021 - 0 paper $ 29 . 95 0-19 - 823598 - 4 cloth $ 90 . 00 oxford university press the politics of indians ' english : linguistic colonialism and the expanding english empire n . krishnaswamy and archana s . burde in this fascinating and lively study , krishnaswamy and burde examine how the english used by indians has changed - - and is still changing - - over the last two centuries , evolving into the complex and highly diverse forms which it takes today . december 1998 176 pp . 0-19 - 564368 - 2 $ 22 . 50 oxford university press phraseology : theory , analysis , and applications edited by a . p . cowie , university of leeds ( oxford studies in lexicography and lexicology ) over the last twenty years , phraseology has become a major field of pure and applied research in western european and north american linguistics . this book is made up of authoritative contributions from leading specialists who examine the increasingly crucial role played by ready-made word-combinations in language acquisition and adult language use . this book is the first comprehensive and up-to - date account of the subject to be published in english . december 1998 272 pp . ; 8 b / w line figs . 0-19 - 829425 - 5 $ 82 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
 "",0
 2239,""Subject: phonetics & phonology from oxford university press
  
  introducing phonetics and phonology mike davenport and s . j . hannahs , both at university of durham this book provides a basic introduction to the fundamental concepts on phonetics and phonology , the foundation of most courses in linguistics . the reader is introduced first to articulatory and acoustic phonetics , and then follows a smooth progression in sections on phonology . the book highlights throughout the links between the two subjects and each chapter ends with a set of exercises and suggestions for further reading . the primary source of data is from both general american and received pronunciation . ( an arnold publication ) december 1998 208 pp . ; 38 linecuts 0-340 - 66217 - 4 paper $ 19 . 95 0-340 - 66218 - 2 cloth $ 70 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
 "",0
 2240,""Subject: socio & anthropological linguistics from oxford up
  
  power sharing : language , rank , gender and social space in pohnpei , micronesia elizabeth keating , university of texas ( oxford studies in anthropological linguistics 23 ) what allows certain individuals and groups to maintain control over the actions and lives of others ? linguistic anthropologist elizabeth keating went to the island of pohnpei , in micronesia , and studied how people use language and other semiotic codes to reproduce and manipulate status differences . the result is this inside view of how language works to create power and social inequality . this book challenges widely held theories on the nature of social stratification , including women 's roles in creating hierarchy . december 1998 224 pp . ; 14 halftones , 4 linecuts 0-19 - 511197 - 4 $ 75 . 00 oxford university press eloquence in trouble : the poetics and politics of complaint in rural bangladesh james m . wilce , northern arizona university ( oxford studies in anthropological linguistics 21 ) eloquence in trouble captures the articulation of several troubled lives in bangladesh as well as the threats to the very genres of their expression , lament in particular . the first ethnography of one of the most spoken mother tongues on earth , bangla , this study represents a new approach to troubles talk , combining the rigor of discourse analysis with the interpretive depth of psychological anthropology . its careful transcriptions of bangladeshi troubles talk will disturb some readers and move others - - beyond past academic discussion of personhood in south asia . december 1998 320 pp . ; 7 halftones , 8 linecuts 0-19 - 510687 - 3 $ 65 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
 "",0
 2241,""Subject: available for review
  
  the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . turkish grammar : kornfilt , jaklin ( 1997 ) turkish , descriptive grammars series . bernard comrie ( ed ) . routledge : london . based on comrie 's grammar questionnaire ( 77 ) , this is a comprehensive grammar of turkish with emphasis on syntax , morphology and phonology . an erratum sheet for this grammar is available directly from the author at kornfilt @ mailbox . syr . edu sociolinguistics / history of linguistics : paulston , christina & g . richard tucker ( eds ) ( 1997 ) the early days of sociolinguistics : meomires and reflections . summer institute of linguistics . austin . a compendium of 36 aritcles by participants in teh development of the field of sociolinguistics . the volume provides an insider 's perspective on the , issues both practical and theoretical which motivated individuals and institutions to turn to a view of langauge as inextricably connected to society and culture .
 "",0
 2242,""Subject: pacling 99 : first call for papers
  
  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - this call for paper is also available at http : / / www . lpaig . uwaterloo . ca / ~ b2hui / pacling / additional information and updates will be posted to the website as they become available . ( please direct your questions to bowen hui at b2hui @ uwaterloo . ca . ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - pacling pacific association for computational linguistics university of waterloo waterloo , ontario , canada n2l 3g1 august 25-28 , 1999 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cooperative hosts = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = o canadian society for computational studies of intelligence ( cscsi ) / societe canadienne pour l ' etude de l ' intelligence par ordinateur ( sceio ) o university of waterloo , canada o the technical group on natural language understanding and communication of institute of electronics , information , and communication engineers of japan o the technical group on thought and language of institute of electronics , information , and communication engineers of japan history and aims = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = pacling ( pacific association for computational linguistics ) has grown out of the very successful japan - australia joint symposia on natural language processing held in november 1989 in melbourne , australia and in october in iizuka , japan in 1991 . the first three meetings of the retitled pacling , a name designed to express the wider membership , took place in vancouver , canada in 1993 , in brisbane , australia in 1995 , and in ohme , tokyo , japan in 1997 . pacling ' 99 will be a low-profile , high-quality , workshop-oriented meeting whose aim is to promote friendly scientific relations among pacific rim countries , with emphasis on interdisciplinary scientific exchange demonstrating openness towards good research falling outside current dominant ` ` schools of thought ' ' , and on technological transfer within the pacific region . the conference represents a unique forum for scientific and technological exchange , being smaller than acl , coling , or applied nlp , and also more regional with extensive representation from the pacific . topics = = = = = = original papers are invited on any topic in computational linguistics ( and closely related areas ) including , but not limited to , the following : o phonology , phonetics , morphology , syntax , semantics , pragmatics o dialogues , spoken languages , corpora o text and message understanding and generation o language translation and translation aids o language learning and learning aids o question-answering systems and interfaces to ( multimedia ) o databases , language and input / output devices o natural-language - based software . submissions = = = = = = = = = = = authors should prepare extended abstracts , in english , not more than 3000 words including references . the title page must include : author 's name , postal address , e-mail address ( if possible ) , telephone and facsimile numbers ; a brief 100-200 word summary ; and some key words for classifying the submission . papers that are being submitted to other conferences , whether verbatim or in essence , must reflect this fact after key words . if a paper appears at another conference , it must be withdrawn from pacling ' 99 . papers that violate these requirements are subject to rejection without review . authors of a selection of representative papers which the program committee identifies will be invited to revise their papers and submit to a special issue of computational intelligence : an international journal based on pacling ' 99 . please send four copies of each submission to : nick cercone department of computer science william davis comp . research centre university of waterloo waterloo , ontario n2l 3g1 canada telephone : ( 519 ) 888-4567 ext . 3292 facsimile : ( 519 ) 885-1208 e - mail : ncercone @ uwaterloo . ca * or * kiyoshi kogure ntt communication science laboratories 2 - 4 , hikari - dai , seika - cho , soraku - gun , kyoto 619-023 japan telephone : + 81 744 93 5250 fascimile : + 81 744 93 5285 e - mail : kogure @ cslab . kecl . ntt . co . jp important dates = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = submission deadline : february 21 , 1999 notification of acceptance : may 1 , 1999 camera - ready copy due : june 18 , 1999 organizing committee = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = president : naoyuki okada ( kyushu institute of technology , japan ) members : naoyuki okada ( kyushu institute of technology , japan ) christian matthiessen ( macquarie university , australia ) nick cercone ( university of waterloo , canada ) charles fillmore ( university of california , berkeley , usa ) conference committee = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = chair : nick cercone ( university of waterloo , canada ) program coordinators : nick cercone ( university of waterloo , canada ) kiyoshi kogure ( ntt , japan ) members : francis bond ( ntt , japan ) sandra carberry ( university of delaware , u . s . a . ) robin cohen ( university of waterloo , canada ) veronica dahl ( simon fraser university , canada ) robert dale ( macquarie university , australia ) hercules dalianis ( royal inst . of technology , dsv-kth , sweden ) chrysanne dimarco ( university of waterloo , canada ) mike dent ( open text corp . , canada ) kohji dohsaka ( ntt , japan ) randy goebel ( university of alberta , canada ) graeme hirst ( university of toronto , canada ) satoru ikehara ( tottori university , japan ) kentaro inui ( kyushu institute of technology , japan ) shun ishizaki ( keio university , japan ) pierre isabelle ( university of montreal , canada ; xrce , france ) julia johnson ( university of regina , canada ) richard kittredge ( university of montreal , canada ) guy lapalme ( university of montreal , canada ) dekang lin ( university of manitoba , canada ) charles ling ( university of western ontario , canada ) stan matwin ( university of ottawa , canada ) robert mercer ( university of western ontario , canada ) johanna moore ( university of edinburgh , uk ) gordon mccalla ( univ . of saskatchewan , canada ) paul mcfetridge ( simon fraser university , canada ) paul mc kevitt ( aalborg university , denmark ) jun - ichi nakamura ( university of kyoto , japan ) minako o'hagan ( victoria univ . of wellington , new zealand ) kyonghee paik ( keio university , japan ) t . pattabhiraman ( seagate software , canada ) emmanuel planas ( universiti joseph fourier de grenoble , france ) fred popowich ( simon fraser university , canada ) gary promhouse ( open text corp . , canada ) hiroshi sakaki ( meisei university , japan ) l . k . schubert ( university of rochester , usa ) akira shimazu ( ntt , japan ) booncharoen sirinaovakul ( king mongkut 's university of technology , thailand ) tomek strzalkowski ( general electric , usa ) ryoichi sugimura ( matsushita , japan ) roland sussex ( university of queensland , australia ) masami suzuki ( kdd , japan ) yoichi tomiura ( kyushu university , japan ) hiroaki tsurumaru ( university of nagasaki , japan ) peter van beek ( university of alberta , canada ) ning zhong ( yamaguchi university , japan ) ingrid zukerman ( monash university , australia ) speakers : to be announced
 "",0
 2243,""Subject: hispanic & luso - brazilian literatures / romance ling .
  
  call for papers the department of spanish and portuguese of the university of texas at austin 9th colloquium on hispanic and luso - brazilian literatures and romance linguistics april 3 , 1999 the graduate student organization of the spanish and portuguese department of the university of texas - austin is pleased to announce its 9th colloquium to be held april 3rd , 1999 . we encourage the submission of abstracts on any aspect of hispanic and luso - brazilian literatures and romance linguistics . speakers will be allowed 20 minutes for presentation . papers will be selected based on the blind evaluation of a written abstract which may not exceed one page . please submit to the address below : one copy of the single-spaced abstract not to exceed 400 words , please include the title ; and , a second page with the following information . 1 ) the title of the paper 2 ) author 's name 3 ) author 's affiliations 4 ) address , phone number , and email address at which the author wishes to be notified . deadline for receipt of abstracts is february 1 , 1999 . the completed paper , as it will be presented , must be submitted before march 20 , 1999 ( please include word count on the last page ) . registration fees will be $ 20 for non-students and $ 10 for students . sorry , no electronic submissions and please limit one abstract per person . please submit abstracts to : delia mendez montesinos 9th colloquium organizing committee department of spanish and portuguese university of texas at austin austin , tx 78712 email inquiries : t . isabelli @ mail . utexas . edu < < christina isabelli >
 "",0
 2244,""Subject: chicago linguistic society
  
  announcing the 35th regional meeting of the chicago linguistic society april 22-24 , 1999 university of chicago main session : we invite original , unpublished work on any topic of general linguistic interest . invited speakers : beth levin ( northwestern university ) paul smolensky ( johns hopkins university ) panels : we invite original , unpublished work which addresses one of the panel topics below . language , identity , and the other thursday , april 22 language serves as a means to unite as well as to exclude groups or individuals . this panel will explore the linguistic mechanisms by which this is accomplished in different speech communities . invited speakers : robert greenberg ( university of north carolina , chapel hill ) michael silverstein ( university of chicago ) in conjunction with the university of chicago workshop on theory and data in speech research : chiphon 99 new syntheses : multi - disciplinary approaches to basic units of speech friday , april 23 this panel seeks to synthesize findings from linguistics and other fields which investigate linguistic behavior , to determine whether these can be used as evidence for a unified theory of basic units of speech processing . invited speakers : john ohala ( university of california , berkeley ) joseph perkell ( massachusetts institute of technology ) theory and linguistic diversity saturday , april 24 approximately five thousand languages are spoken throughout the world today . this panel seeks to explore the ways in which linguistic theories attempt to account for such variety . invited speakers : mark baker ( rutgers university ) joan bresnan ( stanford university ) r . m . w . dixon ( australian national university ) please submit ten copies of a one-page 500 word anonymous abstract for a twenty minute paper ( optionally one additional page for data and / or references may be appended ) , along with a 3 by 5 card with : 1 your name 2 affiliation 3 address , phone number , and e-mail address 4 title of the paper 5 an indication for which panel or which particular subdivision of the main session ( eg : phonetics , phonology , syntax , semantics , historical linguistics , etc . ) the paper is intended . the abstract should be as specific as possible and it should clearly indicate the data covered , outline the arguments presented , and include any broader implications of the work . an individual may present at most one single and one co-authored paper . authors must submit a camera-ready copy of the paper at the time of the conference in order to be considered for publication . only a selection of papers presented at cls 35 will be published . this years deadline for receipt of abstracts is february 1 , 1999 . send abstracts to : chicago linguistic society 1010 east 59th st . chicago , il 60637 773 . 702 . 8529 information on e-mail submission and additional guidelines for abstracts may be obtained by visiting our website at http : / / humanities . uchicago . edu / humanities / cls / cls . html , by writing to the above address , or by e-mailing us at cls @ diderot . uchicago . edu .
 "",0
 2245,""Subject: interactions in virtual worlds
  
  workshop interactions in virtual worlds may 19-21 , 1999 parlevink research group university of twente / ctit enschede the netherlands introduction the parlevink research group of the centre of telematics and information technology ( ctit ) is pleased to announce a 3 - day workshop on interactions in virtual reality ( vr ) environments . anyone dealing with theoretical , empirical , computational , experimental , sociological and anthropological aspects of vr environments that are either purely artificial or use real world characteristics is invited to participate in this workshop . in this workshop the emphasis is on vr environments that provide means for interacting with the objects in the environment , with embedded information sources and services ( possibly represented as agents ) or with other users and visitors of the environment . motivation in recent years we have seen that the computer science and the cognitive ergonomics communities have discovered and are exploring the possibilities of vr in user interfaces . in order to visualize available information and to provide users access to this information , virtual environments have been built such that users can find and explore information , communicate with other users and can communicate with objects and agents in the virtual worlds . this workshop emphasizes the role of vr in interfaces and in environments in which people share knowledge and experience and in which new forms of interactivity will emerge . in particular we want to explore the role of speech and language in virtual environments . how can we navigate in vr using speech and language , how can we model multimodal access to such environments , how can we communicate with other humans and with artificial agents in the vr environment , etc . the workshop is organized in the context of the u - wish project of the dutch telematics institute . format the format of the workshop will consist of keynote presentations by experts in the fields of vr , dialogue modelling and speech and language processing , combined with presentations of accepted papers . all presentations will be plenary . submission procedure researchers working in this domain are invited to email a 400 - words abstract ( plain ascii format ) , together with title , affiliation and keywords to twlt15 @ cs . utwente . nl . invited and accepted papers will be published in the workshop proceedings . invited lectures niels ole bernsen ( odense university . odense , denmark : coordinator of i3net , the european network for intelligent information interfaces . i3 was created in 1997 in order to take a human-centred approach to the exploration of new , visionary interactive systems for people in their everyday activities . lili cheng ( microsoft research , seattle , wa . , usa ) : lead program manager in the microsoft research 's virtual worlds group , working on the virtual worlds platform . at nyu , cheng designed graphics and created the human interface for one of the first participatory , real time rendered 3d environments which was broadcast tri-weekly from nyu . lili is a registered architect and designed commercial architecture in both tokyo and los angeles . james n . davidson ( cedes , seattle , wa . , usa ) : project manager of the community and environmental design simulation lab , ( cedes ) , jointly sponsored by the college of architecture and urban planning and the human interface technology lab of the university of washington . the mandate for this lab is to research and teach the use of real-time simulations and vr for urban , architectural and landscape design , and the creation of virtual spaces and environments . james c . lester ( north carolina state university , raleigh , usa ) : the primary objective of lester 's research is to design , construct , and empirically evaluate computational mechanisms to support hci in educational and scientific software . his interests focus on developing advanced animated and natural language explanation systems that facilitate learning and scientific analysis . stephen n . matsuba ( vrml dream company , toronto , canada : matsuba has authored a series of vr spaces for cyberstage live : an on-line journal dealing with the arts and technology . his interests are focussed on multimedia and vr applications . he and others developed a vrml - based theatre adaptation of shakespeare 's a midsummer night 's dream . pierre nugues ( ismra - caen , france ) research of pierre nugues is focused on natural language processing for spoken dialogue and user interfaces . this includes design & implementation of conversational agents within a multimodal framework . program committee program chairman : anton nijholt ( ctit , enschede ) niels ole bernsen , james n . davidson , james c . lester , stephen n . matsuba , pierre nugues & oliviero stock organizing committee local chairman : betsy van dijk olaf donk , boris van schooten & hendri hondorp venue the workshop on """" interactions in virtual worlds """" will take place in the computer science building at the campus of the university of twente , enschede , the netherlands . hotel accommodation is available at the campus and in two nearby cities . important dates march 1 : deadline for submitted abstracts march 15 : notification of acceptance , instruction for authors , information on accommodation april 15 : dead - line for camera-ready papers may 19-21 : workshop further information for further information , please contact olaf donk ( donk @ cs . utwente . nl ) . updated information will also be available at http : / / wwwseti . cs . utwente . nl / parlevink / conferences / twlt15 . html
 "",0
 2246,""Subject: les temps du passe francais et leur enseignement
  
  atelier international les temps du passe francais et leur enseignement 24 et 25 mars 1999 aston university ( birmingham , angleterre ) les formes du passe constituent un ecueil pour l ' apprentissage du francais langue etrangere ; meme les apprenants des niveaux les plus eleves echouent a matriser leur emploi . si le manque d ' equivalence forme a forme entre les temps des langues constitue une difficulte evidente , la complexite semantique et distributionnelle des tiroirs francais ne doit pas etre negligee . grammairiens et linguistes se sont efforces de fournir des descriptions des tiroirs du passe mais leur travail , comme celui des didacticiens , s ' est revele inegal . cet atelier international a pour but de faire le point sur les problemes d ' analyse que posent les temps du passe en francais . l ' atelier invitera a la reflexion critique sur les descriptions existantes des temps et leur enseignement . seront envisagees la structuration du systeme et la constitution des tiroirs du point de vue synchronique , evolutif ou contrastif , a partir de corpus de differentes varietes de francais . on considerera en parallele l ' enseignement de ces notions a des apprenants du francais langue etrangere et maternelle dans les diverscontextes de l ' acquisition : en classe , par voie electronique , aux etapes de production ou de revision , par exemple . un certain nombre de specialistes internationaux ont deja confirme leur participation a la suite d ' un premier appel de communication , et le resume de leur contribution est accessible a l ' adresse internet suivante : http : / / www . les . aston . ac . uk / aticonf . html les chercheurs interesses a contribuer a l ' atelier doivent envoyer une proposition de communication consistant en un resume anonyme de 250 mots et en une fiche indiquant le titre de la presentation , le nom de l ' auteur , son affiliation et ses coordonnees ( adresse , telephone , telecopieur , courriel ) . elles devront parvenir avant le 1er fevrier 1999 a : emmanuelle labeau et pierre larrivee school of languages and european studies aston university aston triangle birmingham b4 7et royaume uni telecopie : ( 0 ) 121 359 3653 e . labeau @ aston . ac . uk p . larrivee @ aston . ac . uk veuillez de plus noter que nous suggererons aux contributeurs retenus de remettre une version ecrite de leur contribution avant l ' atelier pour circulation entre ses participants au debut du mois de mars 1999 . a ce titre , les propositions de communication par affichage seront considerees . les contributions a l ' atelier seront reunies pour publication .
 "",0
 2247,""Subject: call for participation rochebrune 1999
  
  call for participation rochebrune 1999 journees de rochebrune : rencontres interdisciplinaires sur les systemes complexes naturels et artificiels 1er au 5 fevrier 1999 appel participation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - theme des journees 1999 toutes indications disponibles : http : / / www . idiap . ch / ~ glotin / rb99 conflits des interpretations et interpretation des conflits programme provisoire des journees - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lundi 1 fevrier : psychologie : l . - l . salvador le schme comme instance du sens m . soeur quelques modalits d ' approche du concept d ' interprtation en psychanalyse c . parisse l ' volution cognitive par la rsolution de conflits ou le conflit , moteur de la cognition f . de gaulejac conflits des interprtations cognitives du comportement autistique mardi 2 fvrier : langage et textes : f . kaplan la simulation pour alimenter et rorganiser le dbat sur l ' origine du langage humain p . beust & al . une amorce de comptence interprtative pour une machine s . ploux proposition d ' un cadre unifi pour l ' tude de la morphognse de la structure prosodique et gestuelle des langues c . karakash la bible , miroir et source de conflits hermneutiques mercredi 3 fvrier : logique et philo des sciences d . luzeaux l ' interprtation comme construction conflictuelle du sens en logique mathmatique r . nunez le concept de continuit en mathmatiques : conflits et sciences cognitives contemporaines j . sallantin le cube d ' aristote : un cadre pour construire et rviser une interprtation j . - l . dessalles l ' activit scientifique en tant que comportement naturel ancr sur le conflit cognitif jeudi 4 fvrier : domaines techniques / appliqus j . - p . mller un modle interactioniste de l ' interprtation j . blanc talon l ' interprtation comme une suite de transformations partielles approximatives j . - m . fouet interprtation et conflits : exemple du dbogage c . weber interprtation d ' images satellitales et acquisition de connaissances vendredi 5 fvrier : sociologie r . israel travail coopratif et conflits d ' interprtation f . rousseaux du caractre toujours-dj stratgique du conflit r . f . cozien & al . simulations multi-agents et logique floue pour la dtection des conflits internationaux n . ferrand & al . aide la gestion des conflits en amnagement du territoire modalits d ' inscription - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - le cot de la participation aux journes s ' lve : en cas de paiement avant le 30 novembre 1998 : 2900 frs par chque personnel 3200 frs par bon de commande institutionnel en cas de paiement aprs le 30 novembre 1998 : 3100 frs par chque personnel 3800 frs par bon de commande institutionnel cette somme couvre l ' inscription aux journes , les actes , le logement et les repas au chalet de haute-montagne de rochebrune ( megve ) , ainsi que diverses activits . pour toutes les personnes dsirant participer , un bon de commande ou un chque pour la totalit de la somme doit parvenir l ' adresse ci-dessus avant le 15 janvier 1999 . attention , mettez le paiement l ' ordre de : ecal . renseignements - - - - - - - - - - - - - e - mail : parisse @ ext . jussieu . fr http : / / herens . idiap . ch / ~ glotin / rb99
 "",0
 2248,""Subject: linguistics 36 : 5 ( 1998 ) , 36 : 6 ( 1998 )
  
  linguistics volume 36 - 5 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york john hutton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stress in old english , giet ongean alexandra georgakopoulou and dionysis goutsos . . . . . . . . . . . . conjunctions versus discourse markers in greek : the interaction of frequency , position , and functions in context emre ozgen and ian davies . . . turkish color terms : tests of berlin and kay 's theory of color universals and linguistic relativity ning zhang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the interactions between construction meaning and lexical meaning book reviews publications received notice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ linguistics volume 36 - 6 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york dirk noel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . infinitival copular complement clauses in english : explaining the predominance of passive matrix verbs david fertig . . . . . . . . . . . . . suppletion , natural morphology , and diagrammaticity andrew hippisley . . . . . . . . . indexed stems and russian word formation : a network-morphology account of russian personal pronouns kazue kanno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the stability of ug principles in second - language acquisition : evidence from japanese short note carl rubino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the morphological realization and production of a nonprototypical morpheme : the tagalog derivational clitic author index to linguistics , volume 36 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
 "",0
 2249,""Subject: intern . journal of the sociology of language ( ijsl ) 132 ( 1998 )
  
  international journal of the sociology of language issue 132 ( 1998 ) indigenous language use and change in the americas edited by teresa l . mccarty and ofelia zepeda mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york teresa l . mccarty and ofelia zepeda , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . introduction part 1 . indigenous languages in the usa lucille j . watahomigie , . . . . . . the native language is a gift : a hualapai language autobiography michael krauss , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the condition of native north american languages : the need for realistic assessment and action galena sells dick , . . . . . . . . . . . i maintained a strong belief in my language and culture : a navajo language autobiography teresa l . mccarty , . . . . . . . . . . . schooling , resistance , and american indian languages daniel lopez ( recorded and edited by ofelia zepeda ) , . . . . . . . . . . . the parents have to do their part : a tohono o ' odham language autobiography ofelia zepeda , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . voices in the desert : contemporary approaches to language maintenance and survival of an ancient language , tohono o ' odham mary linn , marcellino berardo and akira y . yamamoto , . . . . . . . . . . . our language and us : why we switched to english - - - a conversation between two euchee speakers mary linn , marcellino berardo and akira y . yamamoto , . . . . . . . . . . . creating language teams in oklahoma native american communities agnes vera , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . why have i not forgotten my language ? a yowlumne language autobiography leanne hinton , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . language loss and revitalization in california : overview christine p . sims , . . . . . . . . . . . community - based efforts to preserve native languages : a descriptive study of the karuk tribe of northern california iokepa maka ` ai , james kaleiokalani shintani , jr . , jason cabral and kelithoalani kamana wilson ( translated by william h . wilson ) , . . . . . . . . . . four hawaiian language autobiographies william h . wilson , . . . . . . . . . . . i ka ` olelo hawai ` i ke ola , ` life is found in the hawaiian language ' part 2 . indigenous languages in mexico and latin america salome gutierrez morales , . . . . lengua y pensamento : autobiografia de la lengua popoluca salomon nahmad sitton , . . . . . . . derechos linguisticos de los pueblos indigenas de mexico francisco marquez de santa barbara ( translated by jane h . hill ) , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . all that is lost : a mexican language autobiography jane h . hill , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . don francisco marquez survives : a meditation on monolingualism leonzo knight julian , . . . . . . . . if our language is lost , we are going to be nothing : an ulwa language autobiography thomas green and kenneth hale , ulwa , the language of karawala , eastern nicaragua : its position and prospects in modern nicaragua book reviews jerry lipka , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stabilizing indigenous languages , edited by gina cantoni nancy h . hornberger , . . . . . . . . . flutes of fire : essays on california indian languages , by leanne hinton _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
 "",0
 2250,""Subject: cahiers de linguistique - asie orientale vol . 27 , n2 ( 1998 )
  
  clao - cahiers de linguistique - asie orientale . an international journal on the languages and linguistics of east asia published by the """" centre de recherches linguistiques sur l ' asie orientale """" editors : alain lucas , waltraud paul vol . 27 , n2 ( 1998 ) marie - claude paris , """" focus operators and types of predication in mandarin """" , pp . 139-159 franoise bottero , """" la vision de l ' criture de xu shen partir de sa prsentation des liushu """" , pp . 161-191 ma beijia , """" jieci ' zhu ' de chansheng """" ( in chinese ) pp . 193-200 yu hsiao - jung & cao guangshun , """" liu du ji jing zhong de fuci 'd ou ' """" ( in chinese ) pp . 201-209 lee hun - tak thomas & wong colleen , cancorp - the hong kong cantonese child language corpus """" , pp . 211-228 review article : redouane djamouri , franoise bottero ( smantisme et classification dans l ' criture chinoise ) , pp . 229-247 book review : laurent sagart tor ulving ( dictionary of old and middle chinese ) pp . 249-254 dissertations : ksenia antonian ( in english ) """" rezul ' tativnye konstrukcii v sovremennom kitajskom jazyke : processy grammatikalizacii i leksikallizacii """" ( resultative verb compounds in mandarin chinese : grammaticalization and lexicalization ) pp . 255-265 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - published by the """" centre de recherches linguistiques sur l ' asie orientale ( crlao ) , paris , france inquiries to : cahiers - lao @ ehess . fr
 "",0
 2251,""Subject: language and gender
  
  association for french language studies in conjunction with the centre for european studies , uwe , bristol discours masculins , discours feminins saturday , 6 february 1999 room 4c23 , faculty of languages and european studies frenchay campus , uwe , bristol 10 . 30 - 11 . 00 coffee and registration outside of 4c23 11 . 00 - 11 . 30 kate beeching ( uwe , bristol ) . welcome and overview . 11 . 30 - 12 . 30 marina yaguello ( universit de paris 7 - denis diderot ) 12 : 30 - 1 : 00 jean - marc dewaele ( birkbeck , university of london ) p 1 . 00 - 2 . 00 lunch room 4d05 2 . 00 - 2 . 30 ccile bauvois ( universit de mons - hainault ) 2 . 30 - 3 . 00 nigel armstrong ( university of newcastle ) 3 . 00 - 3 . 30 tea room 4d05 3 . 30 - 4 . 00 jacques - philippe saint - grand ( universit blaise pascal , clermont - ferrand ii ) 4 . 00 - 4 . 30 tim pooley ( london guildhall university ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * please complete by friday 22 january and return to : mrs jessa karki research secretary faculty of languages and european studies uwe , bristol , frenchay campus coldharbour lane , bristol , bs16 1qy telephone : 0117 976 3842 , ext 2724 fax : 0117 976 2626 e - mail : jessa . karki @ uwe . ac . uk please indicate your choice by checking a box below : workshop fee ( including lunch , coffee , and tea ) 25 . 00 undergraduate student fee ( no catering included ) 5 . 00 please make cheques payable to uwe , bristol . vegetarian : no / yes ( delete as appropriate ) name : occupation : institution : address : postal code : telephone : fax : e - mail : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - treffers - daller , jeanine email : jeanine . treffers - daller @ uwe . ac . uk """" university of the west of england """"
 "",0
 2252,""Subject: """" machine learning for information filtering """" workshop at ijcai99
  
  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for participation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - workshop on """" machine learning for information filtering """" at the international joint conference on artificial intelligence ( ijcai ) 99 august 1st , 1998 stockholm , sweden http : / / www-ai . cs . uni-dortmund . de / events / ijcai99-mlif the enormous growth of on-line information and electronic commerce has brought about a comparable growth in research on methods for automatically organizing and personalizing information . the """" information filtering """" task has simultaneously emerged as an active research topic in several disciplines , including information retrieval , human computer interaction , natural language processing , and machine learning . the information filtering task manifests itself in many theoretically challenging and commercially important applications , such as electronic commerce and marketing , search engines , information push applications , browsing assistants , and adaptive web sites . the goal of this workshop is to bring together researchers working on information filtering from many subfields of ai , while emphasizing the machine learning techniques and algorithms many of these subfields share . these techniques include * text classification methods ( probabilistic methods , support vector machines , first order methods , use of unlabeled data , etc . ) * collaborative filtering methods ( use of complex user and object profiles ( e . g . citation structure ) , novel clustering models and methods , etc . ) * other methods for learning user preferences ( learning orderings , etc . ) * combinations of approaches and multi-strategy learning * representational issues ( knowledge representation , nlp techniques , representing interest , representing information objects , feature selection , term weighting , data transformation , latent semantic indexing , etc . ) * clustering methods ( similarity measures , mixture models , etc . ) * scalability issues * formal models and theory * handling different media ( text , images , sound , etc . ) * evaluation techniques besides these topics , the workshop covers all theoretical and methodological issues concerning information filtering . submissions describing innovative applications of information filtering are also encouraged . by bringing together industrial representatives with researchers , the workshop will * show how problems from industry present new research issues . * identify ways in which research results may be put in more widespread practice in an industrial setting . timetable april 6 , 1999 submission deadline may 3 , 1999 notification of acceptance may 24 , 1999 camera - ready copy due august 1 , 1999 workshop organization the workshop will be one full day , including invited talks , paper presentations , poster presentations , and numerous opportunities for discussion . depending on submissions , there will be joint sessions with the workshop """" text mining : foundations , techniques and applications """" on topics of common interest . participation in the workshop is limited according to ijcai regulations . all workshop participants have to register for the ijcai conference . the working notes of the workshop will be published online . submission procedure those interested in making a presentation should submit a full paper electronically either as a postscript or pdf to joachims @ ls8 . cs . uni-dortmund . de . the first page of submitted papers should include : title , author names and affiliations , a brief abstract . it should also name a designated contact person with his or her postal address , electronic mail address , telephone and fax number . submissions should not exceed 8 pages according to the ijcai formatting instructions and should be printable on 8 . 5 """" x 11 """" or a4 paper . those interested in participating in the workshop , but not submitting a paper , should submit a one-page abstract of their research interests in learning methods for information filtering . organizing committee thorsten joachims ( chair ) andrew mccallum universitaet dortmund just research fb informatik , ls8 4616 henry street baroper str . 301 pittsburgh , pa 15213 44221 dortmund , germany phone : ( 412 ) 683-9132 phone : + 49 231 755 5102 fax : ( 412 ) 683-4175 fax : + 49 231 755 5105 email : mccallum @ justresearch . com joachims @ ls8 . cs . uni-dortmund . de mehran sahami lyle ungar epiphany , inc . university of pennsylvania 2300 geng road dept of comp . and info . sci . palo alto , ca 94303 200 s . 33rd st . phone : ( 650 ) 496-2399 philadelphia , pa 19104-6389 fax : ( 650 ) 496-2431 phone : ( 215 ) 898-7449 email : sahami @ epiphany . com fax : ( 215 ) 898-0587 email : ungar @ cis . upenn . edu further information http : / / www-ai . cs . uni-dortmund . de / events / ijcai99-mlif
 "",0
 2253,""Subject: student conference in linguistics
  
  call for papers student conference in linguistics 11 special theme : endangered languages keynote speaker : jonathan david bobaljik may 8 - 9 , 1999 the university of texas at austin the 11th annual student conference in linguistics will be held at the university of texas at austin may 8 - 9 , 1999 . scil is a student-run conference which aims to bring together graduate students from around the world to present their research and build connections with other students . the proceedings are published in the mit working papers in linguistics . we invite original , unpublished work in any area of linguistics . we would particularly like to encourage submissions which focus on endangered or underdescribed languages , in keeping with the conference theme . guidelines for submission : please submit ten copies of a one-page , 500 - word , anonymous abstract for a twenty-minute paper ( optionally , one additional page for data and / or references may be appended ) , along with a 3 """" by 5 """" card with : ( 1 ) your name , ( 2 ) your affiliation , ( 3 ) your address , phone number , and e-mail address , ( 4 ) the title of the paper , and ( 5 ) an indication of which subdivision of linguistics best describes the topic ( e . g . , phonetics , phonology , syntax , semantics , psycholinguistics , anthropological linguistics , computational linguistics , sociolinguistics , etc . ) the abstract should be as specific as possible , and it should clearly indicate the data covered , outline the arguments presented , and include any broader implications of the work . the deadline for receipt of abstracts is 5 : 00 pm , february 15 , 1999 . send abstracts to : scil 11 abstract committee department of linguistics 501 calhoun hall the university of texas at austin austin , texas 78712 e - mail abstracts will be accepted . please email us or consult our web page for detailed instructions . email abstracts should be submitted to scil @ ccwf . cc . utexas . edu by 5 : 00 pm , february 15 , 1999 . further information is available at http : / / ccwf . cc . utexas . edu / ~ scil / index . html questions can be directed to scil @ ccwf . cc . utexas . edu - ralph c . blight department of linguistics , the university of texas at austin http : / / ccwf . cc . utexas . edu / ~ gizzmo / index . html
 "",0
 2254,""Subject: sociolinguistics symposium 2000
  
  haa27974 status : r university of the west of england , bristol ( uwe , bristol ) centre for european studies ( ces ) , faculty of languages and european studies ( les ) & school of sociology , faculty of economics and social sciences ( ess ) sociolinguistics symposium 2000 the interface between linguistics and social theory 27-29 april 2000 call for papers the sociolinguistics symposium 2000 is the thirteenth meeting of the sociolinguistics symposium which meets once every two years . this conference will focus primarily on the interface between linguistics and social theory , and it is hoped the meeting will contribute to further cooperation between the two disciplines . the conference welcomes papers from a range of different subject areas such as : language variation and change , language and gender , language and the media , discourse analysis , languages in contact , creole linguistics , intercultural communication , language and migration , social stratification of language , language development and other related topics . keynote speakers professor jack chambers ( toronto ) : leaders and laggers in the diffusion of changes professor david corson ( toronto ) critical realism : an emancipatory social philosophy for sociolinguistics professor pieter muysken ( leiden ) : radical modularity and the possibility of sociolinguistics professor shana poplack ( ottawa ) : the social context of linguistic variation ( working title ) professor ruth wodak ( vienna ) : does sociolinguistics need social theory ? new perspectives in critical discourse analysis provisional titles of colloquia language , nationalism and minority rights multilingualism and migration intercultural communication language contact along the language frontier discourse suggestions for other colloquia are welcome ( see deadline for applications on the back of this page ) . committee professor michael scriven ( dean , les , uwe , bristol ) professor alison assiter ( dean , ess , uwe , bristol ) mr felix bihlmeier ( associate dean ( resources ) , les , uwe , bristol ) dr susan price ( associate dean ( academic affairs ) of les , uwe , bristol ) dr carmen arnaiz ( uwe , bristol ) mrs kate beeching ( uwe , bristol ) mr john bird ( uwe , bristol ) professor jim coleman ( university of portsmouth ) professor nikolas coupland ( university of cardiff ) dr aidan coveney ( university of exeter ) dr helmut daller ( uwe , bristol ) professor roy harris ( university of oxford ) dr stephen may ( university of bristol ) dr tom osborne ( university of bristol ) dr mark sebba ( university of lancaster ) dr sali tagliamonte ( university of york ) dr jeanine treffers - daller ( uwe , bristol ) mr jem thomas ( uwe , bristol ) dr glyn williams ( university of wales at bangor ) deadlines the deadline for proposals of colloquia is : 1 june 1999 . the deadline for submission of abstracts is : 1 september 1999 . abstracts are welcomed for oral presentation ( 20 mins + 10 mins discussion ) or poster presentation . please send 4 hard copies , one of which contains your name and address , as well as an electronic version ( rich text format ) of the abstract to the address given below . for more information more information about the conference programme , the venue and the general organisation of the event can be found either on our website : http : / / www . uwe . ac . uk / facults / les / research / sociling2000 . html or at our addresses / numbers below : jessa karki / jeanine treffers - daller centre for european studies ( ces ) faculty of languages and european studies university of the west of england , bristol frenchay campus , coldharbour lane bristol , bs16 1qy , uk e - mail : jessa . karki @ uwe . ac . uk ( administrative matters ) jeanine . treffers - daller @ uwe . ac . uk ( academic affairs ) tel : + + 44 117 976 3842 , ext 2724 , fax : + + 44 117 976 2626
 "",0
 2255,""Subject: review : torrego , the dependencies of objects .
  
  torrego , esther , ( 1998 ) , the dependencies of objects . linguistic inquiry monograph 34 . cambridge , massachusetts : the mit press . 197 pages . reviewed by alex alsina , universitat pompeu fabra ( barcelona ) . this book is a study of overtly case-marked objects in spanish that pays attention to similar phenomena in other languages , particularly other romance languages . it is well-known that direct objects , or accusative objects , in spanish , when expressed as full nps , or dps ( to use the author 's term ) , alternate between two forms depending on various semantic and syntactic properties : dps withouth any overt case morphology , and overtly case-marked dps . the overt case marker in question is the preposition """" a """" , which also marks dative objects . the study adopts the minimalist program , outlined by chomsky ( 1992 , 1994 , 1995 ) , as a framework for developing an analysis for the various phenomena under investigation . synopsis chapter 1 outlines the theoretical framework of the book and sketches the content of the subsequent chapters . chapter 2 presents the various generalizations that characterize spanish accusative objects marked by the dative preposition . among these generalizations are correlations between overt case-marking and specificity , between overt case-marking and telicity , between overt case-marking and an interpretation of the subject as an agent or a cause , etc . the common element in the explanation of all of these generalizations is the idea that the marked accusative object raises overtly to a position outside vp , to the specifier position of the functional category v , which takes the vp as its complement . for example , the two following facts are observed : marked accusative requires ( or may require ) a telic interpretation of the event which is absent with unmarked accusative objects , and an affected interpretation of the ( animate ) object requires overt case-marking on the object . it is suggested that objects moved outside the vp have a delimiting role for their predicates and , at the same time , the position to which objects moved , the spec of vp , is the locus of affectedness . thus , two different properties of overt case-marking would be made to follow from the idea that overtly case-marked objects in spanish undergo overt movement to spec of vp . likewise , the observation that overt case-marking on the object requires the subject to be interpreted as an agent or as a cause is linked to the idea that an overtly case-marked object is in spec-v p and to the hypothesis that the causative or agent role is assigned to the v - vp configuration . torrego proposes that there are two types of marked accusatives , one with structural case and the other with inherent case . marked accusative is inherent with causative and agentive verbs and those with affected objects , and is structural with other verbs . this theoretical difference is appealed to in order to account for an asymmetry with respect to extraction out of marked accusative objects : such extractions are ill-formed with the former class of verbs , but not with the latter . the presence of the extra structure created by the inherent case marker is a crucial element in the explanation of this contrast . chapter 3 examines variation in causative structures in spanish and argues that this variation is largely conditioned by case assignment . much of the discussion is based on a causative structure in which the causee appears between the causative verb """" hacer """" ' make ' and the infinitive . one of the goals of the chapter is to explain the restrictions on the """" faire-par """" causative in several spanish dialects . in these dialects , the """" faire-par """" causative is only fully acceptable in the following situations : ( 1 ) when an object clitic is present , or ( 2 ) when a reflexive clitic is present , and that , otherwise they are best with verbs identified as """" constructive accomplishments """" such as ' build ' or with case-marked objects . chapter 4 analyzes constructions with dative objects , both with ditransitive verbs and with unaccusatives . restrictions regarding constructions with two objects with identical case-marking are examined . the chapter also deals with contrasts between the presence and absence of doubling clitics . a comparison is made with the double object constructions in english . an analysis is presented of the contrast in raising constructions with 's eem ' between those without the dative argument ( acceptable ) and those with it ( unacceptable ) . conclusions are briefly summarized at the end . critical discussion this book is a mine of linguistic puzzles concerning objects , causative constructions , clitics , and related phenomena in spanish . it is of interest to anyone concerned with these matters , regardless of what analysis and what theoretical framework one may wish to adopt . this book is also of interest to linguists who want to find out how the minimalist program can be applied to a particular empirical domain . the author has done a great job of synthesizing the data and presenting generalizations that need to be explained . despite these positive aspects of the book , i experienced serious frustrations while reading it having to do with the data and with the analysis . data the problem with the data , which is a minor one compared to the other one , has to do with the fact that many of the data presented are alien to the varieties of spanish that i speak or am familiar with . naturally , i cannot claim to know all varieties of spanish , so i should not be surprised to discover data that do not belong to the spanish that i know . some examples follow . torrego presents a contrast in pp . 58-59 between """" a quienes ( les ) vieron ? """" and """" a quienes ( * los ) vieron ? """" , but both forms are equally ill-formed for me when the clitic ( the form in parentheses ) is included . the example """" la guerra los hizo subir """" in page 101 is claimed to allow only an animate reading for the clitic """" los """" , although for me it also allows an inanimate reading , but then this fact is claimed to hold only in spanish dialects where the pre-infinitival causee with """" hacer """" and an intransitive verb is attested , and i find this causative structure highly marginal ( examples such as """" la maestra hizo a los alumnos subir """" ) . and the construction exemplified by sentences such as """" me hizo pedir yo , """" which is analyzed in this book , is also alien to me . the main problem with these numerous discrepancies about the data is that it makes it hard to evaluate when a difference in the interpretation of the data is due to a difference in the data ( that may not be obvious ) or to a possible misanalysis of what actually is the same data . to illustrate this , consider the argument given in support of the claim that the structure embedded under """" hacer """" in a sentence like """" la guerra hizo subir los precios """" is a single unit ( p . 102 ) . torrego claims that standard constituency tests indicate that the sequence """" subir los precios """" in this sentence is a constituent and provides examples such as the following in support of this claim : ( 38 ) a . lo que la guerra hizo es subir los precios . what the war caused is to rise the prices d . que ha hecho la guerra sino subir los precios ? what has the war caused except rising the prices ? for me the translation of these sentences is not as indicated in the glosses , but rather as """" what the war did is to raise the prices . """" and """" what has the war done but raise the prices ? """" for ( 38a ) and ( 38d ) respectively . i would tend to believe that torrego is playing on the polysemy of """" hacer """" and """" subir """" . """" hacer """" can be either the causative verb meaning ' cause ' or ' make ' or the generic transitive verb translatable as 'd o ' , and """" subir """" can be either intransitive , equivalent to ' rise ' , or transitive , equivalent to ' raise ' . for the examples in ( 38 ) to be relevant to torrego 's claim , """" hacer """" must be causative and """" subir """" intransitive . what makes these exemples acceptable ( even though not perfect ) for me is that """" subir """" can be taken to be a transtive verb , whose unexpressed subject is coreferential with """" la guerra """" . but , under this interpretation , """" hacer """" would not be functioning as the causative verb , but as the counterpart of 'd o ' . what shows conclusively that , in my variety of spanish , this interpretation is right is that , if , instead of """" subir """" , we use a verb that only has an intransitive use , we get an unacceptable result . """" caer """" ' fall ' is such a verb : even though the sequence """" caer los precios """" can appear following the causative verb """" hacer """" , as in """" la guerra hizo caer los precios , """" it cannot appear as a focused or topicalized constituent of this verb , as we see in ( i ) . ( i ) a . * lo que la guerra hizo es caer los precios . what the war did / caused is to fall the prices b . * que ha hecho la guerra sino caer los precios ? what has the war done / caused except falling the prices ? > from this i would conclude that torrego 's data in ( 38 ) do not provide any evidence for the claim that a sequence such as """" subir los precios """" in a causative construction is a constituent , because those examples do not include the causative verb """" hacer """" . of course , i can only reach this conclusion for the variety of spanish that i am familiar with , where ( i ) is ungrammatical . but , for all i know , the examples in ( i ) could be grammatical in the variety of spanish analyzed by torrego , in which case my conclusion would not apply and the examples in ( 38 ) would constitute relevant evidence for the claim under investigation . analysis my second difficulty with this book is in the analysis ( or analyses ) provided . i have trouble understanding many of the analyses given : in many cases , i fail to derive the predictions that should follow from the analysis , i cannot tell what would constitute a counterexample to the analysis , i cannot figure out what role a given assumption plays in the analysis , etc . this could well be due to a deficiency on my part , but other readers might experience the same difficulties . next , i will point out some problem cases . 1 . chapter 2 of the book starts out with a list of six generalizations about marked accusative ( pp . 14-16 ) : ( 1 ) marked accusative can cooccur with doubling clitics in some dialects ( it is a necessary condition for clitic doubling ) , ( 2 ) marked accusative objects are interpreted as specific , ( 3 ) telicity requires marked accusative ( with animate objects ) , ( 4 ) the subject in a clause with a marked accusative object is an agent or a cause , ( 5 ) marked accusative is restricted to animates , and ( 6 ) affected animate objects require marked accusative . the indications given all along are that these generalizations will follow from a unified analysis . the main idea underlying this analysis is that an object with marked accusative raises to the specifier position of the functional category v , which takes a vp as its complement . ideally , an overt movement operation of this kind should have some testable effects on word order and all of the properties of the construction should follow straightforwardly from this operation . however , as torrego notes , there is no visible effect of object raising on word order , so that the motivation for the analysis rests entirely on how well it explains the generalizations listed above . and these generalizations are explained by attributing the various properties that correlate with overt case-marking to the spec of v - vp position on a one-by - one basis . for example , it is proposed that the spec of v - vp has a specific interpretation , that the presence of an object in spec of v - vp may shift the aspect of the predicate to a telic situation , that the presence of an object in spec of v - vp gives an agentive interpretation to the subject , etc . one wonders why this analysis should be preferable to one that attributes all of these properties directly to overt case-marking : in both cases , a one-by - one stipulation of those properties is required . it is not clear what the advantage is in attributing these properties to a special phrase structure position for which very weak evidence is given . 2 . in pp . 23 ff , torrego claims that there are two types of marked accusative : marked accusative of non-affected objects is structural case , whereas marked acusative of affected objects is inherent case . however , this claim is faced with a major problem that torrego notes , but then simply disregards . inherent ( or quirky ) case has the generally accepted property that it is preserved under passivization : an argument with inherent case does n't lose or change its case marking when its clause is passivized . genitive and dative case in icelandic are a good example of this , and dative case in spanish is also a good example of case marking that does not change from active to passive . however , the marked accusative case of affected objects in spanish is not preserved ( see relevant examples in p . 28 ) . torrego notes that , in contrast with spanish , some hindi dialects preserve the accusative """" - ko """" marking in passives , citing mohanan 1990 . torrego then goes on to say ( p . 29 ) : """" if the marked accusative of """" affected """" objects were inherent , overt marking in passivization could be preserved ( just as the marking of datives and genitives is preserved in icelandic passives ) . it remains to be seen whether relevant data from the dialects of hindi confirm this expectation . """" but the relevant data from the dialects of hindi does confirm this expectation , as the examples from mohanan 1990 ( also mohanan 1994 ) show . if we agree that we identify inherent case because its case marking is preserved under passivization , then we must conclude that marked accusative case is inherent in some dialects of hindi , because its case marking does not change under passivization , but is structural in the other dialects of hindi , where it does change under passivization . and we are forced to conclude that it is structural in spanish because it is not preserved under passivization . to ignore this evidence and still conclude that marked accusative case can be inherent case in spanish is to devoid the distinction between structural case and inherent case of the conceptual and empirical substance that it is standardly asociated with . and torrego does not explicitly reject this association . 3 . the agentivity effect of clauses with marked accusative is explained as follows : following a suggestion of chomsky 's ( 1995 ) , the causative or the agent role can be understood as the interpretation assigned to the v - vp configuration ; since marked accusative is assigned to objects that raise to spec of vp , the presence of marked accusative implies the existence of the v - vp configuration . therefore , whenever there is marked accusative , there must be an agentive or causative interpretation . but what happens with verbs that allow an alternation between marked and unmarked accusative on the object ? this should mean that such verbs should alternate between a v - vp configuration and some other configuration , but this second option is not spelled out . also , we have no way of knowing what consequences the presence or absence of the v - vp configuration has other than on overt case marking and on the corelation between overt case marking and other properties such as agentivity . 4 . in pp . 34 ff . , torrego tries to relate the idea that marked accusative on affected objects is lexical quirky case to grimshaw 's ( 1990 ) theory of quirky case - marking . in grimshaw 's theory , arguments at argument structure are ranked by prominence in two tiers : the aspectual tier and the thematic tier . adopting this theory , torrego proposes ( p . 36 ) that """" an argument ( subject or object ) can be lexically or quirky marked when it has thematic or aspectual prominence relative to the other argument . """" it is unclear how one is to interpret this proposal . prominence is a comparative property : a is more or less prominent than b . to say that a has prominence relative to b is either meaningless or would be true of any pair of arguments in an argument structure : it is necessarily true of any pair of arguments a and b of an argument structure that a is in a prominence relation to b . torrego goes on to state : """" the two arguments of an agentive telic transitive verb are both aspectually prominent . """" but this should be true of all transitive verbs . torrego goes on to conclude : """" this approach covers the fact that the object of only agentive and caustive verbs can or must be lexically or quirky case - marked , and also covers the fact that the overall phenomenon of marked accusative case happens with verbs that have agentive subjects . """" i fail to see how these predictions are derived . 5 . regarding the animacy restriction on overtly case - marked objects , torrego proposes that the term """" actor """" is more appropriate to characterize the class of nominals that appear in marked accusative than the term """" animate """" . the motivation for this terminological change is found in the existence of some expressions denoting inanimate entities that can take overt case - marking , as in the following example ( p . 55 ) : ( 45 ) el acido afecta ( a ) los metales . ' acid affects metals . ' ( i suspect that the presence of marked accusative in this example has more to do with the verb than with the semantics of the object . ) torrego does not propose a definition of """" actor """" , but refers the reader to jackendoff 's ( 1983 ) characterization of """" actor """" as the character in an action-type event that performs the action . given this characterization , it is hard to see how """" los metales """" ' the metals ' in example ( 45 ) can be interpreted as the argument that performs the action of the event ; what would """" el acido """" ' the acid ' be , then ? torrego goes on to say : """" the distinction between """" animates """" ( or """" actor """" - like nominals ) and """" inanimates """" does not appear to be semantic in nature . """" this is an odd claim to make , given that the notion of """" actor , """" which is proposed to replace """" animate , """" is given a semantic characterization . the motivation for this claim , however , is found in the fact that certain expressions , specifically proper names of humans , can be used to refer to anything , from a boat to a magazine to a can of beer , and always require overt case morphology , as in the following example : ( 46 ) esconde * ( a ) barbara . ' hide barbara . ' it is suggested that a purely morphological property underlies overt case - marking , although no indication is given as to what this morphological property might be . possibly the most robust generalization about overt case - marking of objects in spanish is that it is restricted to """" animates """" , even though there are problem cases such as example ( 45 ) and """" personified """" expressions such as ( 46 ) . because of these problems , torrego gives no explanation for the correlation between case - marking and animate interpretation and between absence of case - marking and inanimate interpretation that we see in pairs such as ( ii ) and ( iii ) : ( ii ) a . esconde a este . ( ' hide this one ( male animate entity ) . ' ) b . esconde este . ( ' hide this one ( inanimate entity ) . ' ) ( iii ) a . veremos a otra . ( ' we shall see another one ( female animate entity ) . ' ) a . veremos otra . ( ' we shall see another one ( inanimate entity ) . ' ) general remarks torrego often appeals to intuition in the exposition of the analysis and does not work out the details of the analysis . the following remark , very reminiscent of chomsky 's style , illustrates this point ( p . 139 , end of 3rd par . ) : """" whatever the details of this intuitive account are , the general approach seems quite plausible . """" if one does not work out the details of an account , it is not possible to derive predictions from it , and therefore the theory is unfalsifiable . this work by torrego is part of a move towards deriving explanations from very general and simple principles that interact in complex ways with each other . this move is a welcome one , but we should be careful that it does not land us in vagueness and imprecision . there is a style of explanation in which appeal is made to principles , often unstated or imprecisely stated principles , from which predictions are claimed to follow , but in which the derivation of predictions ( the logical steps from which predictions follow ) is not worked out and it is not possible to know what a prediction of the theory really is and what a counterexample to the theory might be . there is a danger that a reader of torrego 's """" the dependencies of objects """" might have the impression that the explanations in this book are of this style . to prevent this impression , torrego should have made a greater effort in terms of exposition ( even if it means leading the reader by the hand ) to show how the various predictions are derived . for that , it is necessary to state the crucial principles explicitly , as numbered items so the reader can refer to them easily , to make the assumptions about representations also explicit , and to give step-by - step derivations of the various predictions . references chomsky , noam . 1992 . a minimalist program for linguistic theory . mit working papers in linguistics , no . 1 . chomsky , noam . 1994 . bare phrase structure . mit occasional papers in linguistics , no . 5 . chomsky , noam . 1995 . the minimalist program . mit press . grimshaw , jane . 1990 . argument structure . mit press . jackendoff , ray . 1983 . semantics and cognition . mit press . mohanan , tara . 1990 . arguments in hindi . ph . d . dissertation , stanford university . mohanan , tara . 1994 . argument structure in hindi . stanford : csli publications . reviewer : alex alsina , professor titular d ' universitat , faculty of translation and interpretation , universitat pompeu fabra , barcelona , spain . ph . d . , stanford university , 1993 . research interests include syntax , morphology , morphosyntax , argument structure , linguistic theory . reviewer 's address : alex alsina facultat de traduccio i interpretacio universitat pompeu fabra la rambla , 30-32 08002 barcelona spain alex . alsina @ trad . upf . es
 "",0
 2256,""Subject: journees de linguistique
  
  dernier appel de communication les xiiies journees de linguistique ( jdl ) se tiendront les 25 et 26 mars 1999 au pavillon alphonse - desjardins de l ' universite laval . les jdl est l ' un des colloques etudiants les plus importants en linguistique . les jdl permettent aux etudiants des etudes superieures , ainsi qu ' aux chercheurs de niveau postdoctoral , de presenter et de publier les resultats de leurs travaux en didactique des langues , en linguistique ou en traduction . depuis treize ans , les jdl ont permis a plusieurs dizaines d ' etudiants de presenter et de publier leur premiere communication . cette annee , les organisateurs comptent privilegier les communications qui sauront demontrer la multidisciplinarite des etudes sur les langues . les personnes interessees a participer aux jdl doivent soumettre leur proposition de communication avant le lundi 11 janvier 1999 . les communications sont d ' une duree maximale de 20 minutes et sont suivies d ' une periode de questions de 10 minutes . elles devront tre presentees en franais . les formulaires proposition de communication et resume de communication , joints au present document , devront tre dment remplis selon les instructions qui y figurent . les propositions de communication seront evaluees par un comite de lecture . finalement , les formulaires doivent tre accompagnes d ' un cheque de 15 , 00 $ ( remboursable , en cas de refus de la proposition par le comite ) a l ' ordre des journees de linguistique , montant couvrant les frais d ' inscription et de publication des actes . bien que la cosignature des articles avec les directeurs d ' etudes ou les professeurs soit permise , seuls les etudiants seront autorises a presenter des communications . les etudiants etrangers interesses a participer au colloque doivent communiquer avec les organisateurs dans les delais les plus brefs afin de s ' informer des modalites de deplacement et d ' hebergement et , le cas echeant , de l ' aide financiere disponible . pour obtenir plus d ' information ou pour acheminer vos propositions de communication par notre formulaire electronique , veuillez consulter le site web de l ' aedill : http : / / www . fl . ulaval . ca / lli / aedill / jdl . html ou communiquez avec les organisateurs des jdl : xiiies journees de linguistique association des etudiants diplmes inscrits en langues et linguistique ( aedill ) departement de langues et linguistique , bureau 2289 pavillon charles - de koninck universite laval quebec qc canada g1k 7p4
 "",0
 2257,""Subject: natural language processing
  
  please find below the second call for papers for taln ' 99 ( traitement automatique du langage naturel ) ( french and english versions ) . thank you . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * | _ _ | / \ | | | \ | | | / / _ \ / _ \ * * | | / _ \ | | | \ | | | ( _ ) | ( _ ) | * * | | / _ _ _ \ | | _ _ _ | | \ | \ _ _ , | \ _ _ , | * * | _ / _ / \ _ \ _ _ _ _ _ | _ | \ _ | / _ / / _ / * * * * * * taln ' 99 * * traitement automatique du langage naturel * * * * institut d ' etudes scientifiques de cargese ( corse ) * * du 12 au 17 juillet 1999 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( see english version below ) taln ' 99 second appel a communications ( date limite : 31 janvier 1999 ) cargese ( corse ) du 12 au 17 juillet 1999 la sixieme edition de la conference sur le traitement automatique des langues naturelles ( taln ' 99 ) se tiendra , du 12 au 17 juillet 1999 , a l ' institut d ' etudes scientifiques de cargese , corse . etendue cette annee a une semaine , la conference comprendra des tutoriels et des ateliers thematiques . taln ' 99 est organisee sous l ' egide de l ' atala ( association pour le traitement automatique des langues ) et se tiendra conjointement avec la conference recital ' 99 ( appel a communications a paraitre separement ) . les langues officielles de la conference sont le francais et l ' anglais . themes les communications , d ' une duree de trente minutes , questions comprises , pourront porter sur tous les themes habituels du taln , incluant , de facon non limitative : lexique morphologie syntaxe semantique pragmatique discours analyse generation resume dialogue traduction automatique approches logiques , symboliques et statistiques taln ' 99 souhaite egalement accueillir des contributions de domaines proches dans lesquels le taln joue un role important , tels que : aspects cognitifs terminologie , acquisition de connaissances a partir de textes extraction d ' information recherche documentaire linguistique de corpus utilisation d ' outils de taln pour la modelisation linguistique enseignement assiste par ordinateur linguistique mathematique enfin , sont aussi attendus des travaux sur des applications du taln , specifiques , implementees et evaluees , faisant ressortir leurs aspects scientifiques et les enseignements tires . des demonstrations de systemes pourront etre proposees , en complement d ' articles scientifiques . l ' emploi du temps de la conference comprendra une session pour ces demonstrations . en outre , le comite de programme selectionnera parmi les communications acceptees deux articles pour publication ( dans une version etendue ) dans la revue traitement automatique des langues ( t . a . l . ) . calendrier date limite de soumission : 31 janvier 1999 notification aux auteurs : 12 avril 1999 version finale : 10 mai 1999 conference : 12-17 juillet 1999 criteres de selection les auteurs sont invites a soumettre des travaux de recherche originaux , n ' ayant pas fait l ' objet de publications anterieures . les soumissions seront examinees par au moins deux specialistes du domaine . seront considerees en particulier : - l ' importance et l ' originalite de la contribution , - la correction du contenu scientifique et technique , - la discussion critique des resultats , en particulier par rapport aux autres travaux du domaine , - la situation des travaux dans le contexte de la recherche internationale , - l ' organisation et la clarte de la presentation , - l ' adequation aux themes de la conference . les articles selectionnes seront publies dans les actes de la conference . modalites de soumission les soumissions seront anonymes ; elles ne devront donc comporter aucun nom d ' auteur ni auto-citation . les articles soumis ne devront pas depasser 10 pages en times 12 , espacement simple , soit environ 3000 mots , figures , exemples et references compris . une feuille de style latex et un modele word sont ou seront tres bientot disponibles sur le site web de la conference ( http : / / talana . linguist . jussieu . fr / taln99 / ) . les articles doivent parvenir au comite d ' organisation avant le 31 janvier 1999 , en trois exemplaires papier , et peuvent etre accompagnes d ' une version electronique . adresse electronique : taln99 @ linguist . jussieu . fr adresse postale : talana - ufrl - universite paris 7 case 7003 - 2 , place jussieu 75251 paris cedex 05 - france formats des soumissions electroniques : les soumissions electroniques doivent etre accompagnees d ' une soumission papier . les auteurs devront envoyer leur soumission en document attache a un courrier electronique adresse a taln99 @ linguist . jussieu . fr , avec pour titre """" taln submission """" . une page d ' identification separee ( contenant le titre de la communication , le nom , l ' affiliation , l ' adresse postale et electronique , le numero de telephone et de fax de l ' auteur ) devra egalement etre attachee . l ' un des formats suivants doit imperativement etre employe : - source latex auto-suffisant ( les styles non standards ou differents de ceux fournis pour taln ' 99 devront etre inclus dans le fichier source ) et postscript ou - rtf ( word ) et postscript important : les versions postscript doivent etre au format a4 , et non lettre us . informations pratiques les informations pratiques seront precisees ulterieurement , notamment sur le site web de la conference ( http : / / talana . linguist . jussieu . fr / taln99 / ) une reduction sera consentie aux membres de l ' atala . l ' inscription a l ' atala sera proposee conjointement a l ' inscription a taln ' 99 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - taln ' 99 second call for papers ( deadline : 31 . january 1999 ) cargese ( corsica , france ) 12 - 17 july 1999 the sixth conference on natural language processing ( taln ' 99 ) will be held at the institute for scientific studies at cargese , corsica , france , 12 . - 17 . july , 1999 . taln ' 99 will last a whole week , and will include both workshops and tutorials . taln ' 99 is organized under the auspices of atala ( association pour le traitement automatique des langues , association for nlp ) and will take place jointly with the recital ' 99 conference ( call for papers to be issued separately ) . the official languages of the conference are french and english . papers are invited for thirty minute talks , question period included , in all areas of nlp , including ( but not limited to ) : lexicon morphology syntax semantics pragmatics discourse parsing text generation abstraction / summarization dialogue machine translation logical , symbolical and statistical approaches taln ' 99 also welcomes submissions from fields for which nlp plays an important role , as long as those submissions emphasize their nlp dimension . cognitive aspects terminology , knowledge acquisition information extraction documentary retrieval corpus linguistics management and acquisition of linguistic resources computer assisted learning mathematical linguistics nlp tools for linguistic modelization also , taln ' 99 invites submissions focusing on nlp applications which have been implemented , tested and evaluated and emphasizing the scientific aspects and conclusions drawn . demos can also be proposed , in addition to a standard paper . a scheduled session for these demos is planned as part of the conference . moreover , the programme committee will select two papers among the papers accepted . an extended version of these two papers will be published in the journal """" traitement automatique des langues """" ( t . a . l . ) . calendar submission deadline : 31 . january 1999 notification to authors : 12 . april 1999 final version due : 10 . may 1999 conference : 12 . - 17 . july 1999 selection authors are invited to submit original , previously unpublished research work . submissions will be reviewed by at least two specialists of the domain . decisions will be based on the following criteria : - importance and originality of the paper - soundness of the scientific and technical content - comparison of the results obtained with other relevant work - clarity of the exposition - relevance to the topics of the conference accepted papers will be published in the proceedings of the conference . submission procedure submissions will be anonymous , and should therefore not include the author 's name , nor any self-reference . their maximum length is ten pages , in times 12 , single spaced ( approx . 3000 words ) , including figures , examples and references . a latex style file and a word template are or will be shortly available on the web site of the conference ( http : / / talana . linguist . jussieu . fr / taln99 / ) . three hard-copies of the paper must be received by 31 . june 1999 . authors are also encouraged to send an electronic version of their paper . email address : taln99 @ linguist . jussieu . fr postal address : talana - ufrl - universite de paris 7 case 7003 - 2 , pl . jussieu 75251 paris cedex 05 - france guidelines for electronic submission : electronic submissions must be accompanied by a standard , mail submission . authors should send their submission ( neither compressed nor encoded ) via email as an attached file to taln99 @ linguist . jussieu . fr , specifying """" taln submission """" as the subject . a separate identification page ( with the following information : title of the paper , author 's name , affiliation , postal address , email address , fax and telephone number ) should also be attached . papers must be sent in one of the following formats : - self-contained latex source ( including non standard or non taln ' 99 styles ) and postscript version . or - rtf ( word ) document and postscript version . important : all the postscript versions must be in a4 format , and not us letter . practical information practical information will be detailed shortly on the conference web site ( http : / / talana . linguist . jussieu . fr / taln99 / ) and in a further call . please note that members of the atala association will benefit from reduced registration fees . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - comite de programme / programme committee : pascal amsili , talana ( paris ) ( president / chairman ) anne abeille , talana ( paris ) nicholas asher , university of texas ( austin ) philippe blache , lpl ( aix - en - provence , france ) christian boitet , clips-geta ( grenoble ) andree borillo , erss ( toulouse ) pierrette bouillon , issco ( geneve ) myriam bras , irit ( toulouse ) jo calder , ccs & hcrc ( university of edinburgh ) beatrice daille , irin ( nantes ) laurence danlos , talana ( paris ) dominique estival , university of melbourne claire gardent , universitat des saarlandes ( saarbr | ck ) damien genthial , clips-trilan ( grenoble ) benoit habert , ens fontenay ( fontenay - aux - roses , france ) pierre isabelle , diro ( montreal ) christian jacquemin , iut de nantes daniel kayser , lipn ( paris ) geert - jan kruijff , univerzita karlova ( praha ) eric laporte , ceril , universite de marne - la - vallie piet mertens , ccl k . u . leuven detmar meurers , universitat tuebingen georges moracchini , universite de corse , corte fiammetta namer , universite de nancy ii ( france ) cecile paris , csiro ( sidney ) sous reserve / to be confirmed patrick paroubek , limsi ( paris ) jean - marie pierrel , loria ( nancy , france ) alain polguere , universite de montreal patti price , sri international ( menlo park , canada ) sous reserve / to be confirmed owen rambow , cogentex ( ithaca , ny ) philip resnik , university of maryland gerard sabah , limsi ( paris ) louisa sadler , university essex ( colchester , uk ) max silberztein , grelis ( besangon ) evelyne tzoukermann , bell - labs ( murray hill , nj ) sous reserve / to be confirmed jacques vergne , greyc ( caen , france ) jean veronis , lpl ( aix - en - provence ) bernard victorri , elsap ( caen , france ) eric wehrli , latl ( geneve ) annie zaenen , xrce ( grenoble ) remi zajac , carnegie mellon university , pittsburgh , sous reserve / to be confirmed pierre zweigenbaum , diam ( paris ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - comite d ' organisation / organizing committee anne abeille pascal amsili ( president / president ) marie - helene candito patrick caudal lionel clement laurence danlos veronika gendner kim gerdes sylvain kahane alexandra kinyon manuela leahu laurent roussarie et les autres membres de l ' equipe talana and the other members of the talana team * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * taln ' 99 * * mailto : taln99 @ linguist . jussieu . fr * * http : / / talana . linguist . jussieu . fr / taln99 * * talana - ufrl - universite paris 7 * * case 7003 - 2 , place jussieu til . : ( 33 ) 1 44 27 53 70 * * 75251 paris cedex 05 - france fax : ( 33 ) 1 44 27 79 19 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",0
 2258,""Subject: studia linguistica , vol 52 ( 1998 )
  
  blackwell publishers are pleased to announce that the latest issue of studia linguistica is now available and contains the following articles : volume 52 , december 1998 realizations of syntactic agreement in american sign language : similarities between the clause and the noun phrase c . neidle , b . bahan , d . maclaughlin , r . lee , j . kegl focus , checking theory and fronting strategies in romanian v . motapanyane on presupposition and ( non ) coreference j . - m . authier two kinds of reconstruction w . lechner studia linguistica is committed to the publication of high quality , original papers and provides an international forum for the discussion of theoretical linguistic research , primarily within the fields of grammar , cognitive semantics and language typology . the principal aim is to open a channel of communication between researchers operating in traditionally diverse fields while continuing to focus on natural language data . edited by : christer platzack and jan - olof svantesson , university of lund , sweden issn : 0039-3193 , 3 times a year , volume 53 , 1999 subscription rates for 1999 institutional rate : 107 ( uk / europe ) ; us $ 172 ( n . america ) ; 119 ( rest of world ) personal rate : 43 ( uk / europe ) ; us $ 63 ( n . america ) ; 43 ( rest of world ) lsa rate : 34 ( uk / europe ) ; us $ 50 ( n . america ) ; 34 ( rest of world ) for more information about studia linguistica please visit our web site at : www . blackwellpublishers . co . uk / asp / linguist . asp
 "",0
 2259,""Subject: linguistic form and social action , mdia vol . 13
  
  the editorial staff of michigan discussions in anthropology , vol . 13 , are pleased to announce the publication of """" linguistic form and social action """" . with this issue of michigan discussions in anthropology we join linguistically oriented anthropologists and anthropologically attuned linguists who have , since the days of sapir and malinowski , regarded language as constitutive of culture . we believe , however , that although linguistic terminology has become part of our common critical language , too often it merely serves as metaphor . theorists may deploy it to explain macro cultural phenomena but bypass the opportunity to examine linguistic form . in the past decade the call has come again to create a theoretical site encompassing fine-grained linguistic analysis and the broader concerns of cultural anthropology , in which grammar plays a key role in structuring social fields . the papers in mdia volume 13 , contributed by junior and senior scholars with ties to the linguistic anthropology program at the university of michigan , explore this set of issues from a range of theoretical and methodological perspectives . this volume is edited by graduate students affiliated with linguistic anthropology at the university of michigan . the program , established by the department of anthropology in 1990 , emphasizes the ethnographic analysis of language within the larger context of social theory . we seek to preserve the sense in which language is simultaneously a formal system and one which is pragmatically deployed . central to this mission is a belief that the core concerns of cultural anthropology , increasingly involving the analysis of 'd iscourse , ' ' representations , ' and 's ocial action , ' must also integrate analysis of linguistic form . the papers in this volume integrate linguistic data and ethnographic description and demonstrate rich microanalysis while attending to the larger cultural context and to history . while the articles stand on their own as examples of a new synthesis of approaches to the study of linguistic form and social action , we also hope that as a whole this volume will provoke further discussion of the theory and practice of linguistically-oriented anthropology and ethnographically-influenced linguistics . for ordering information , please respond to this email , or visit : http : / / www-personal . umich . edu / ~ jherron / mdia13 . html contents """" introduction """" jennifer dickinson and mandana limbert """" married to dukha : discourse analysis of a newar woman 's narrative of suffering """" laura kunreuther """" the power of the drunk : humor and hegemony in china 's tibet """" char makley """" ritual language and social memory in a chinese secret sworn brotherhood """" jean debernardi """" do you want to go forward ? turn back ! etymology as national defense in the ' new ' europe """" penelope papailias """" sounding country in urbanizing texas : private speech in public discourse """" barbara johnstone """" purity and power : the geography of language ideology in ukraine """" laada bilaniuk """" pearls on the string of the chinese nation : pronouns , plurals , and prototypes in talk about identity """" susan blum """" on the dialogic emergence of ' resistance ' : participation framing and collusion in a prison exit interview """" james herron """" negotiating meaning with the least ( collaborative ) effort """" lesley milroy """" time , not the syllables , must be counted ' : quechua parallelism , word meaning , and cultural analysis """" bruce mannheim
 "",0
 2260,""Subject: review : cook : case grammar applied
  
  walter a . cook . s . j . ( 1998 ) """" case grammar applied """" a publication of the summer institute of linguistics and the university of texas at arlington , 1998 , 271 pages reviewed by tania avgustinova , university of saarland . synopsis the book is intended as a companion volume to """" case grammar theory """" ( 1989 ) by the same author , and is devoted to the application of the model developed in this earlier publication to english text analysis . this in particular means that the main stress of the present work is on methodological issues , which are presented on an extended textual analysis of hamingway 's """" the old man and the sea """" . the actual goal of the discussed monograph is twofold : for the grammar - to present a method for sentence semantics which describes the meaning underlying each simple sentence ; for the lexicon - to present a method for further defining each sense of each verb / predicate in terms of semantic classes ( case-frame - based typology ) . each clause in its underlying structure is reduced to a kernel sentence which is defined as a simple complete active-voice affirmative statement . all texts are reduced to a sequence of kernel sentences the model used is the case grammar matrix model . it presents a clear predicate-argument structure , builds a lexicon which distinguishes various verb senses , and not only describes arguments occurring in the text , but through covert roles , describes implicit arguments . this model is supplemented by the use of conceptual graphs , following sowa ( 1984 ) . each verb type has a generalised conceptual graph to indicate the predicate-argument structure ; and each example in the text contains the canonical graph of that sentence using the verb and nouns as concepts , and case labels as the verb-to - noun relations . the book is organised in the following way . chapter 1 ( pp . 1-54 ) presents the case grammar matrix model in summary form and introduces conceptual graph representation . the next four chapters treat verbs / predicates in four distinguished semantic domains . chapter 2 ( pp . 55-90 ) deals with the basic domain that includes all state , process , and action verbs which use only the agent and object cases . chapter 3 ( pp . 91-126 ) deals with the experiential domain , the domain of sensation , emotion , cognition , and communication . it involves state , process , and action verbs which include an experiencer case in their descriptions . chapter 4 ( pp . 127-42 ) deals with the benefactive domain , the domain of possession and transfer of property , and describes state , process , and action verbs that include a benefactive case . chapter 5 ( pp . 143-82 ) deals with the locative domain , the domain of physical location and movement , and describes state , process , and action verbs that include a locative case . chapter 6 ( pp . 182-220 ) deals with other elements involved in the logical representation of sentences , including tense , aspect , modals , performatives , and negatives , showing how these elements may be included in the logical structure , and ending with a sample sentence parse using case grammar . chapter 7 ( pp . 221-46 ) summarises the analysis of more than 500 examples in chapters 2 through 5 and demonstrates the verbal hierarchy expressed by the twelve cells of the case grammar matrix , organised by verbal domain , verb type , and argument structure . each of the verb types is described together with its conceptual graph , its frequency of occurrence , its subtype , and its defining characteristics . the appendix to the text contains an alphabetical lexicon , listing all of the verbs / predicates in the examples together with their case frames ( pp . 247-52 ) , and a case lexicon , with the verbs sorted by case frame together with references for each verb to the pages where the use of the verb is exemplified ( pp . 253-60 ) . finally , there is a list of references ( pp . 261 - 6 ) , and an index ( pp . 267-71 ) . critical evaluation case grammar ( cg ) works with labelled predicate-argument structure , and thus , in its core , belongs to the dependency grammar paradigm . cg develops a semantic valence system that describes the logical form of a sentence in terms of a central predicate ( usually and typically a lexical verb , but also a predicate adjective , a predicate noun , or a predicate adverb ) and a series of case-labelled arguments ( nominal , adverbial ) required by the meaning of that predicate . so , the type of case considered in the book is ' governed case ' , and in fact , nothing is said about the way cg model would treat ' concordial case ' - cf . , e . g . , blake ( 1994 ) for a detailed discussion of these notions . there is no case concord in english and , hence , the challenges posited by ' concordial case ' are trivially out of the scope of the presented analysis ( which is based exclusively on english data ) . the ambition of the proponents of cg is to develop a semantic interpretation system that is universal across languages , and not tied to the syntax of any particular sentence . on the basis of the presented extensive data analysis it is claimed that the five case labels used in the work ( i . e . agent , object , experiencer , benefactive , and locative ) are necessary and sufficient for the description of all the verbs / predicates in the language ( in this case english ) . the possibility of creating different lists of cases is left open , whereby full translatability is theoretically expected between any consistent list of cases and the one employed in the cg matrix model . both the predicate and its arguments are viewed as concepts ( i . e . the conceptual universe is made up of verbs which describe states or events , and nouns which describe things ) , while the case role labels indicate relations ( which arguments bear to their predicates ) . cg is written in conceptual graph format by placing the concepts ( predicates , arguments ) in boxes and relations ( case roles ) in circles . the arrows in the notation point away from the predicate which is the source of the case relations . an advantage of such an approach is the possibility of defining the default position of the lexical predicate in its case frame , i . e . with respect to the arguments it governs . in the discussed book , a fairly credible ontology of predicators is achieved by hierarchically sorting them according to domain as basic , experiential , benefactive , locative , ( and possibly ) time , and within each domain as state , process , action . further sub-classification of the predicates is based on the number or the position of the arguments . the resulting hierarchical taxonomy is similar to a thesaurus in which all entities are organised into semantic domains . the organisation of the semantic domains is worked out in detail and with precision . the question of case inventory is central to cg , as well as to any theory working with the notion of case . also methodologically , a clear distinction must be made between essential cases , which are required by the meaning of the predicate , and modal case , which are mainly adverbial adjuncts . only essential cases can be used for describing predicates . despite of the lack of universal agreement on the number of case role labels or the way in which they are defined , the author gives a clear step-by step method , accompanied by various concrete tests , how to simplify in practice the case assignment . thus , the labelling is deferred until three basic questions are answered : how many arguments are required by the verb ? what verb type - state , process , or action - is in the structure ? to what semantic domain does the verb belong ? then , the naming of the arguments can be simplified by a set of principles , in combination with a set of tactics for the formation of case frames . within case frames , cases are listed left-to - right according to a subject choice hierarchy ( agent - experiencer - benefactive - object - locative ) which is merely a generalisation covering the unmarked choice . marked choices which violate the subject choice hierarchy are indicated in the lexicon by changing the order of cases in the case frame . possible variations involve """" equatives """" ( in copular constructions ) , regarded in this model as double - object frames in the basic domain , and rank shifts in the subject choice hierarchy . in the lexicon , predicators are classified according to case frames . the case frame is understood as a configuration of one to three cases that are required by the meaning of the verb ( or more generally , the predicate ) . let us remind , however , that , in lexical semantics research , cases are known where the frame would contain up to five slots . a famous example is the verb ' to rent ' ( russian : arendovat ' - cf . apresjan ( 1974 ) p . 134 ) involving the following arguments : ( 1 ) who , ( 2 ) what , ( 3 ) from whom , ( 4 ) for how much , ( 5 ) for how long . special attention is devoted to the possibility of lexicon organisation in terms of derivations intended both to represent linguistic generalisations and to simplify the lexicon ( sections 1 . 13 - 1 . 15 ) . however , the method followed in the work is listing each item separately and supplementing the lexicon with redundancy rules that relate these lexical entries to each other . also , each sense of each predicate is treated as a separate item with its own case frame . in order to set the guidelines for applied cg textual analysis , a concise introduction to the principles of lexical decomposition and to the interpretation of covert case roles is given . lexical decomposition is understood as the process of analysing predicates as consisting of more basic atomic predicates . with some sentences this is unavoidable for determining the actual predicate-argument structure . covert case roles , which are required by the meaning of the predicate , are sometimes ( as in the case of partially covert ( deletable ) case roles ) or always ( as in the case of totally covert ( coreferential and lexicalised ) case roles ) missing in the surface structure . since the cg analysis advocated for in this book maintains the obligatory object hypothesis , covert roles assume greater importance . in all cases where the object role can be sometimes deleted , or can be coreferential with another role , or can be lexicalised into the predicate , a deeper analysis is needed to find the obligatory object . certainly , the lexicalisation of the manifestation of propositional , essential roles is of primary interest in the context of revealing the central predicate in a sentence . the assumption that a predicate , even with covert ( hidden ) case role , has to be defined in terms of its full complement of case roles requires a clear distinction between deletable , coreferential and lexicalised roles . the author offers in this respect not only theoretical background but also concrete tests , procedures and instructions to guide and facilitate practical analysis . two methodological principles are postulated ensuring that all conceptual relations flow from the central verb , and that deletable roles are included in case descriptions . a major asset of the book is , with no doubt , the extensive textual analysis performed with precision , consistency and conformity to the postulated principles and theoretical assumptions . the limits of the approach are realistically recognised by the author , and are stated explicitly in the appropriate places throughout the presentation . the reader will find a well-developed and detailed ontology of predicates , which covers not only verbs but also predicative adjectives , predicative nouns and predicative adverbs . the most important linguistic phenomena are considered in a systematic and easy-to - follow way . this makes the book a valuable guide to a practical sentence analysis , as well as a useful reference material for research purposes and computer applications . references apresjan , jurij d . 1974 : leksicheskaja semantika . sinonimicheskie sredstva jazyka . moskva : nauka blake , barry j . 1994 : case . cambridge textbooks in linguistics . cook , walter a . , s . j . 1989 : case grammar theory . washington , d . c . : georgetown university press . sowa , john f . 1984 : conceptual graphs : information processing in mind and machine . reading , mass . : addison - wesley . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = tania avgustinova , ph . d . computational linguistics , university of saarland postfach 151150 , 66041 saarbruecken , germany tania @ coli . uni-sb . de , http : / / www . coli . uni-sb . de / ~ tania / ( + 49 ) ( 681 ) 302 . 4504 ( phone ) ( + 49 ) ( 681 ) 302 4115 ( secretary ) ( + 49 ) ( 681 ) 302 . 4700 ( fax )
 "",0
 2261,""Subject: intern . journal of the sociology of language ( ijsl ) 133 ( 1998 )
  
  international journal of the sociology of language issue 133 ( 1998 ) americans in europe - a sociolinguistic perspective : probes in northern and western europe edited by gabrielle varro and sally boyd mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this issue looks into the daily lives of americans in europe , the contacts they establish as permanent residents , how they cope with their new languages , whether they maintain english and transmit it to their children , how attitudes and self-perceptions change over time according to national , social , and family contexts . it is a unique attempt to analyze the sociological , historical , political , and linguistic backdrop against which their experience should be understood : whether living as part of the local scenery ( ` mixed ' couples ) or as americans in residence , they are individuals who in some instances are seen to reflect the particular status of the us in the world . contents gabrielle varro and sally boyd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . introduction . probing the background sally boyd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . north americans in the nordic region : elite bilinguals ? sirkku latomaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . english in contact with ` the most difficult language in the world ' : the linguistic situation of americans living in finland elizabeth lanza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . raising children bilingually in norway pierre - don giancarli . . . . . . . . . . equilinguisme ou dominance ? le bilingualisme d ' enfants de couples franco-americains en france et en angleterre gabrielle varro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . does bilingualism survive the second generation ? three generations of french - american families in france susan fries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . different phases : a personal case study in language adjustment and children 's bilingualism david antal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a linguistic odyssey : one family 's experience with language shift and and cultural identity in germany and france anne - sophie perriaux . . . . . . . . . . le qualificatif ` americain ' dans quelques textes francais ( 1975-1990 ) book review _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
 "",0
 2262,""Subject: american journal of germanic linguistics , 10 . 1
  
  the american journal of germanic linguistics , 10 . 1 , has been mailed to subscribers . it contains : articles simplifying latin in notker 's classroom : tradition and innovation by anna a . grotans the future of _ for to _ by elly van gelderen the attributive genitive in early new high german : a semantic analysis by ruth lunt lanouette discussion note some thoughts on konrad koerner 's """" einar haugen as a historian of linguistics """" by tom markey obituary daniel t . brink , jr . ( 1940-1997 ) by karen l . adams & robert bjork review article soziolinguistik or sociolinguistics : can the great divide be bridged ? p . stevenson , ed . , _ the german language and the real world _ reviewed by jennifer dailey - o'cain & rosina lippi - green reviews c . fortmann , _ konstituentenbewegung in der dp - struktur _ reviewed by holden hrtl r . l . lippi - green & j . c . salmons , eds . , _ germanic linguistics _ reviewed by orrin w . robinson l . wright , _ sources of london english _ reviewed by willard james rusch m . clyne , ed . , _ undoing and redoing corpus planning _ reviewed by roland willemyns for more information ( including the toc of 10 . 2 , now in production ) , please visit our web site : http : / / www . germanic . ohio-state . edu / sgp / .
 "",0
 2263,""Subject: call : csdl - 4
  
  call for abstracts the fourth conference on conceptual structure , discourse , and language ( csdl - 4 ) october 10-12 , 1998 emory university atlanta , georgia invited speakers for theme sessions on : - > functional and cognitive approaches to the study of first language acquisition nancy budwig ( clark university ) michael tomasello ( max planck inst . for evolutionary anthropology ) third speaker - - tba - > grammatical constructions : form and function joan bybee ( university of new mexico ) talmy givon ( university of oregon ) brian macwhinney ( carnegie mellon university ) a special poster session on - > discourse and computer - mediated communication will be held during the conference sponsored by the georgia institute of technology ( georgia tech ) . a pre-conference symposium will be held on friday evening , october 9 , on - > primate communication . the following invited speakers will discuss the research they are conducting at the yerkes regional primate research center of emory university : harold gouzoules dario maestripieri susan savage - rumbaugh . what to submit we invite papers which consider functional principles of linguistic organization , and the interaction between language and cognition . priority will be given to papers which examine both the cognitive and discourse functions of linguistic phenomena . specific areas of inquiry at the conference will include , but not be limited to : lexical and grammatical meaning conversational practice form and function discourse analysis conceptual structure iconicity in language metaphor as a cognitive phenomenon language change and grammaticalization language acquisition social interaction and grammar sentence processing we also invite abstracts for the special poster session on discourse and computer - mediated communication ( cmc ) . specific areas of inquiry at the session will include , but not be limited to : cmc as a force in linguistic and cognitive change specialized lexical and typographic registers of cmc emergent communication norms in cmc discourse analysis of cmc discourse styles in the virtual classroom and virtual communities continuities between cmc and other discourse genres gender differences in cmc cmc and nonlinear thinking abstracts for 20 - minutes papers or the special-topic poster session may be a maximum of one page . at the top of the abstract ( if by e-mail ) or on a separate page ( if on paper ) , please include title of paper author name ( s ) and affiliation ( s ) topic area ( from the list above or whatever seems appropriate ) e-mail address paper mailing address submission deadline : abstracts must be received by march 16 , 1998 . where to submit : we strongly prefer e-mail submissions . abstracts for 20 - minute papers for the main session should be e-mailed in ascii form to : < csdl - 4 @ learnlink . emory . edu > . abstracts for the poster session on discourse and cmc should be e-mailed in ascii form to : < wendy @ cc . gatech . edu > . please use """" abstract """" as your subject header . if you are submitting more than one abstract , please e-mail each separately . if you prefer to use regular mail , send four copies of your abstract for the main conference for the poster session on session to : discourse and cmc to : csdl - 4 abstracts poster session abstracts program in linguistics c / o wendy newstetter callaway center 312s edutech institute emory university georgia inst . of technology atlanta , ga 30322 , usa atlanta , ga 30332-0280 , usa inquiries : for more information , visit the conference web site forthcoming in february at < http : / / www . emory . edu / college / linguistics / csdl / > . e-mail inquiries : csdl - 4 @ learnlink . emory . edu chair of the organizing committee : alan cienki e-mail : lanac @ emory . edu phone : 404-727 - 2689
 "",0
 2264,""Subject: cognitive morphology
  
  call for papers cognitive morphology workshop 2 - 4 july 1998 , university of ghent , belgium the belgian cognitive linguistics research group organizes a workshop on cognitive linguistic approaches to morphology . the workshop aims to bring together researchers who work on morphology within a cognitive linguistic framework , or within a framework compatible with the cognitive linguistic approach . the workshop will focus on derivational rather than on inflectional morphology . invited speakers who have so far agreed to attend the workshop include john taylor , david tuggy , and jaap van marle . topics of specific interest include : . polysemy of morphemes . iconicity in derivation and composition . network analyses of morphological productivity . basic morphological categories and typological universals . the interface of storage and computation in morphology . cognitive morphology and related theories . we would like to invite you to contribute to this workshop with a paper . if you want to present an original paper dealing with any aspect of derivation or composition within the framework of cognitive morphology , send an abstact ( max . 300 words ) to the following address : christof . vandeneynde @ rug . ac . be hard copies can be sent to : christof vanden eynde nederlandse taalkunde universiteit gent blandijnberg 2 9000 gent belgium fax : + + 32 / ( 0 ) 9 / 264 . 41 . 70 the deadline for submission of the abstracts is march 1 1998 . potential speakers whose paper has been accepted will be notified before april 1 . in priciple , presentations are limited to 45 minutes ( 30 minutes + 15 minutes discussion ) . the organization of the workshop is supported by the flemish research council ( fwo - vlaanderen ) . for all active participants in the workshop , funding will be available . we cannot yet , however , determine the available sum at this point . in order to achieve maximum interaction during the workshop , the number of participants may have to be restricted . if you intend to attend the workshop without presenting a paper , please inform the organizers before march 1 . if you have any further questions , contact one of the organisers : christof vanden eynde vakgroep nederlandse taalkunde universiteit gent blandijnberg 2 9000 gent belgium tel : + + 32 / ( 0 ) 9 / 264 . 40 . 76 fax : + + 32 / ( 0 ) 9 / 264 . 41 . 70 e-mail : christof . vandeeynde @ rug . ac . be prof . dr . dirk geeraerts departement linguistiek k . u . leuven blijde - inkomststraat 21 b-3000 leuven belgium tel : + + 32 / ( 0 ) 16 / 32 . 48 . 15 fax : + + 32 / ( 0 ) 16 / 324767 e-mail : dirk . geeraerts @ arts . kuleuven . ac . be website : http : / / locutus . arts . kuleuven . ac . be / ling /
 "",0
 2265,""Subject: 2nd flexible hypertext workshop
  
  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the 2nd international flexible hypertext workshop : standards and evaluation held in conjunction with the 7th international world wide web conference ( www7 ) brisbane , australia - - - 14 april 1998 http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / flexht98 / workshop theme : with the explosion of information on the world wide web comes the need to provide more flexible mechanisms for delivering information to the user . that is , we require mechanisms which can modify documents on-the - fly in order to take the user 's needs into account . static hypertext documents suffer from an inability to be all things to all people ; document and multimedia authors must write multiple documents for different users rather than a single document which can dynamically modify its content in order to address a particular user 's knowledge or the context of delivery . this workshop is intended as an inter-disciplinary exploration into flexible hypertext systems . flexible hypertext systems are systems which can present different users with different views of the same hypertext network , or which can dynamically create the hypertext network and the content of the documents at the nodes of that network at run-time . this workshop aims to draw together a number of research groups taking different approaches to flexible hypertext systems , in order to promote the cross-fertilisation of ideas and highlight the prospects for future collaboration . the target research areas include ( but are not limited to ) : - information retrieval and filtering : the use of information retrieval or other techniques to determine the relevance of the nodes within a static hypertext network for the individual user . that is , the content of the documents remain static , but links to other documents are flexible . - adaptive hypertext : the adaptation of an existing hypertext network of documents to a model of the user . that is , providing flexible document content and flexible views of a static hypertext network . - dynamic hypertext : employing text generation or other techniques to dynamically create both the hypertext network and the documents within the network as the user requests them . the hypertext network does not exist in any form ; it is built dynamically . some related events which have been held in the past include : - flexible hypertext workshop , held at the the eighth acm international hypertext conference ( hypertext ' 97 ) . ( http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / ~ mariam / flexht / ) - intelligent educational systems on the world - wide web , held in conjunction with the 8th world conference on artificial intelligence in education ( ai-ed97 ) . ( http : / / www . contrib . andrew . cmu . edu / ~ plb / aied97 _ workshop / ) - workshop on adaptive systems and user modeling on the world wide web , held in conjunction with the sixth international conference on user modeling ( um ' 97 ) . ( http : / / zaphod . cs . uni-sb . de / ~ um97 / ws5 . html ) - workshop on user modelling for information filtering on the world wide web , held in conjunction with the fifth international conference on user modeling ( um ' 96 ) . ( http : / / www . cs . su . oz . au / ~ bob / um96 - workshop . html ) - workshop on adaptive hypertext and hypermedia held in conjunction with the fourth international conference on user modeling ( um ' 94 ) . ( http : / / www . education . uts . edu . au / projects / ah / ah-94 . html ) more information about adaptive hypertext systems can be found at http : / / www . education . uts . edu . au / projects / ah / workshop focus : there has been a significant amount of research in this area over the past five years ( see workshop theme for more information ) , but two recurring issues have become increasingly important , and these will be the focus of this workshop : - standards : with the increasing popularity of the world wide web and the growing market for flexible document delivery systems , we need to develop standards for these systems in order to encourage and facilitate their use more widely on the world wide web . in order to develop such standards it is first important to more clearly define the requirements for such systems : what does it mean for a system to be a flexible , adaptive or dynamic hypertext system ? following on from these requirements , which techniques are important in flexible hypertext systems ? finally , can we design a standard architecture for flexible hypertext systems which can be re-used widely ? - evaluation : one of the key issues which arose from the first flexible hypertext workshop and which has been aired again recently on the adaptive hypertext mailing list is the importance of the evaluation of flexible hypertext systems . in particular , since the main goal of these systems is to maximise the suitability of a document to the user 's knowledge and needs , evaluation is an essential aspect in the development of these systems . however , very little research has been done which confirms the advantages of such systems or which demonstrates how this might be done . workshop format : the workshop will run for one full day on 14 april . the number of attendees will be limited to 20 in order to encourage participation in workshop discussions . participation will be on the basis of submitted position papers or by invitation . the workshop will include a limited number of paper presentations and general group discussions . group discussions will focus on the issues raised in the position papers , as well as on some focus questions . a workshop dinner will also be organised to encourage informal discussion . the programme will include : welcome and introduction workshop sessions consisting of : 1 to 2 position paper presentations ( 15-30 minutes ) , and group discussion on the issues raised ( 30-60 minutes ) closing : planning for post-workshop activities conclusions and wrap - up workshop dinner the proceedings will be compiled into a technical report after the workshop . position papers : we invite position papers describing demonstrated techniques for improving the flexibility of hypertext documents . we are particularly interested in papers which present innovative solutions to providing flexible hypertext documents , and those which address the need for building standard architectures and evaluation techniques for such systems . we are also interested in receiving papers assessing the benefits and downfalls of providing flexible documents , and papers of a more speculative nature which focus on the future of flexible hypertext systems . those aspects of the paper which are important for discussion in the workshop should be clearly outlined in the paper . papers should be 3 - 5 pages long , and should be put up on the web . if you do n't have access to a web server , then some space will be allocated for you . electronic submission of the url address of the position paper will be preferred , although papers submitted as ascii ( html ) or postscript will be accepted . to submit a position paper , send the url address and an ascii version of the paper itself to : mariam @ mpce . mq . edu . au if this is not possible , please send hard copies to : maria milosavljevic csiro mathematical and information sciences locked bag 17 north ryde nsw 2113 australia important dates : 27 february 1998 : submission of position papers 13 march 1998 : notification of acceptance or rejection 27 march 1998 : camera - ready copies due before the workshop , all attendees will be able to access the position papers from the web . we strongly encourage attendees to read these before the workshop . programme committee : maria milosavljevic ( chair ) , macquarie university , australia . peter brusilovsky , carnegie mellon university , usa . robert dale , macquarie university , australia . paul de bra , eindhoven university of technology , the netherlands . kristina hook , swedish institute of computer science , sweden . judy kay , university of sydney , australia . jon oberlander , university of edinburgh , scotland . cecile paris , csiro mathematical and information sciences , australia . julita vassileva , university of saskatchewan , canada for more information : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - maria milosavljevic mri language technology group macquarie university sydney nsw 2113 australia email : mariam @ mpce . mq . edu . au tel : ( + 61 2 ) 9850 6345 fax : ( + 61 2 ) 9850 9529
 "",0
 2266,""Subject: final call : esslli98 - workshop corpus annotation
  
  esslli-98 workshop on recent advances in corpus annotation august 17 - 21 , 1998 a workshop held as part of the 10th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli-98 ) august 17 - 28 , 1998 saarbrueken , germany * * final call for papers * * organizers : hans uszkoreit , brigitte krenn , wojciech skut , thorsten brants ( department of computational linguistics , university of the saarland ) web site : http : / / www . dcs . warwick . ac . uk / ~ esslli98 / workshops . html background : the use of statistical methods and particularly training from annotated corpora has become an important topic in various fields in computational linguistics . currently available corpus resources are rather small except for english , and largely restricted to the annotation of parts-of - speech and phrase structure . the workshop is intended to bring together researchers who create reusable annotation schemes , annotation tools , and corpora for different languages and kinds of language , representing information such as morphology , syntax , semantics , dialoge structure , etc . papers should address some of the following topics : - reusable and extendable annotation schemes , - efficient annotation of large corpora , - current work on annotation tools , - interaction of human annotators and automatic annotation tools , - representation of competence and performance information within annotated corpora , - other related topics . presentations of annotation schemes and corpora for various languages are encouraged , as well as demonstrations of implemented annotation tools . workshop format : the workshop will consist of five sessions of 90 minutes each held over five days . there will be either two or three presentations at each session with time for questions and discussion . submissions : all researchers in the field , but especially ph . d . students and young researchers , are encouraged to submit extended abstracts ( 6 pages , 12pt ) preferably by e-mail and in postscript . on an extra page , the following information should be included : 1 . name , affiliation , address , e-mail of the submitter ( s ) . 2 . an indication which of the themes is / are addressed . 3 . an abstract of the paper . 4 . if applicable , requirements for a demo . e - mail submissions shall be sent to krenn @ coli . uni-sb . de . hard copies shall be sent to : brigitte krenn universitaet des saarlandes computerlinguistik postfach 1150 66041 saarbruecken germany the deadline for submissions is february 15 , 1998 . authors will be notified of acceptance by april 15 , 1998 . final copy for inclusion in the informal workshop proceedings is due may 15 , 1998 . registration : workshop contributors will be required to register for esslli-98 , but they will be elligible for a reduced registration fee . important dates : feb 15 , 98 : deadline for submissions apr 15 , 98 : notification of acceptance may 15 , 98 : deadline for final copy aug 24 , 98 : start of workshop further information : to obtain further information about esslli-98 please visit the esslli-98 home page at http : / / www . coli . uni-sb . de / esslli
 "",0
 2267,""Subject: chinese languages & linguistics - deadline change
  
  the sixth international symposium on chinese languages and linguistics iscll vi many iscll6 participants have expressed their concern over the fact that both iacl - 7 / naccl-10 and iscll6 have chosen 12 / 31 / 1997 as deadline for abstracts . iscll6 organizing committee has thus decided to extend the submission deadline from december 31 , 1997 to january 20 , 1998 . general session - - theoretical and descriptive linguistics on chinese and languages spoken in china theme - - agreement deadline for abstracts - - january 20 , 1998 notification of acceptance - - february 25 , 1998 deadline for full papers - - may 10 , 1998 conference date - - july 14-16 , 1998 conference site - - international academic activities center , academia sinica sponsored by - - institute of linguistics ( preparatory office ) academia sinica institute of history and philology , academia sinica contact - - c . - c . jane tang secretary of organizing committee institute of linguistics ( preparatory office ) academia sinica nankang , taipei , taiwan 115 republic of china tel - - \ 161 \ 207886 - 2-652 - 3127 \ 161d \ 161 \ 207886 - 2-652 - 3179 fax - - \ 161 \ 207886 - 2-652 - 3162 e - mail - - iscll @ gate . sinica . edu . tw
 "",0
 2268,""Subject: dialog ' 98 - - computational linguistics
  
  dialogue ' 98 international workshop on computational linguistics and its applications kazan ( russia ) , may 31 - june 4 , 1998 dear colleagues , we are glad to inform you about dialogue ' 98 , an international annual workshop on computational linguistics and its applications , which will take place this year in may 31 - june 4 , near kazan ( tatarstan , russian federation ) . dialogue ' 98 should become fourth international workshop in row of dialogue ' 95 kazan dialogue ' 96 puschino dialogue ' 97 yasnaya polyana reviving the tradition of the interdisciplinary dialogue seminars which were regular national events in the ussr during 70s - 80s . the workshop is an annual meeting place for a dialogue : a ) between researchers from different fields that are related to computational linguistics ( linguists , computer and cognitive scientists , psychologists , researchers in the artificial intelligence ) ; b ) between researchers from the former ussr and from the international community . topics of interest include ( but are not limited to ) : * theoretical and cognitive linguistics * syntax , semantics , pragmatics and their interaction * systems for natural language processing * dialogue and speech act * problems of natioanl localization of natural language processing * natural language front-ends * natural language understanding and model of object domain * voice interaction with computer * knowledge representation and processing the number of participants is expected about 100 . every prospective attendee is required to submit a short research summary including relevant recent publications , regular and e-mail address , fax and phone numbers . participants who wish to present their work are additionally required to submit a poster ( 3 - 4 double-spaced pages , 6 - 8 kb ) or a full paper ( not exceeding 12 double - spaced pages , 24 kb ) . please send submissions preferably via e-mail ( in plain ascii or uuencoded winword files ) to the aldress of the program committee before march 1 , 1998 . submissions in russian and english are equally accepted . submissions in russian should be accompanied with a short summary in english ( approximately 100-200 words ) . we plan to organize selected english - to - russian and russian - to - english translation of talks . addresses for all correspondence : e-mail : dialog98 @ bull . nmd . msu . ru snail mail : dialogue ' 98 russian instititue for artificial intelligence p . o . box 111 , moscow , 103001 , russia . important dates : deadline for submission : march 1 , 1998 notification of acceptance : march 20 , 1998 final paper due : march 30 , 1998 in the field of computational linguistics in russia the dialogue workshops became regular annual events which attract leading researchers from the former ussr as well as other countries . we hope that dialogue ' 98 will continue this tradition . program committee : alexander s . narin ' yani , program chair ( russian institute of artificial intelligence ) christian boitet ( grenoble university ) rais . g . bukharajev ( kazan state university ) ilya n . gorelov ( saratov state university ) alexander e . kibrik ( moscow state university ) igor a . mel ' chuk ( montreal university ) sergei nirenburg ( new - mexico state university ) haldur oim ( tartu university ) dmitrij a . pospelov ( computer center of russian academy of sciences ) secretariate : natalya i . laufer , ( russian institute of artificial intelligence ) olga . v . fedorova , ( moscow state university ) organizing committee : rais . g . bukharajev ( kazan state university ) - the chairman djavdet sulejmanov ( kazan state university ) - the vice - chairman il 'd us hajbullin ( tatarstan academy of science ) nail ' zamov ( kazan state university ) information for contacts in kazan : 420008 tatarstan , kazan kremlevskaja str . , 35 kazan state university , vmk faculty , djavdet sulejmanov email : djavdet . suleymanov @ ksu . ru tel . / fax : ( 843 - 2 ) 38-75 - 91 if you have questions about the workshop , please send e-mail letters to the above-mentioned addresses . please , share this information letter with people you think it may concern .
 "",0
 2269,""Subject: the native tongue
  
  call for papers university of paris 7 - denis diderot 19-21 march 1999 international conference the native tongue / la langue maternelle deadline for receipt of abstracts : 30 may 1998 invited speakers : henri meschonnic , regine robin , rachel ertel , stella baruk , charles melman , morris halle , antoine culioli , claire blanche - benveniste abstracts are invited for 30 - minute talks on any sociolinguistic , psycholinguistic or psychoanalytic aspect of the relationship of speakers to the mother tongue , whether in a multicultural-multilingual setting or in a context of language substitution , language attrition , language loss or language revival . the role of language in the structuring of the self will also be considered . papers may be presented in french or in english authors are asked to send : * four ( 4 ) copies of an anonymous abstract * one additional camera-ready copy with the author 's name and affiliation ( to be published in the hand-book if the paper is accepted for presentation ) . abstracts should be no more than one page ( a4 or letter size ) in length , with an additional page for references if necessary . please include one more page containing : * the title of the paper * the name and affiliation of the author ( s ) , * the primary author 's postal address , e-mail address , telephone number , and fax number . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - new : we have decided to accept electronic submissions provided you use word 5 or 6 for mac or pc - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - papers presented at the conference will be published in the form of a special issue of a major french journal ( negociations are underway ) and presentation implies consent to such publication . all abstracts should be sent to : marina yaguello / cyril veken ufr d ' etudes anglophones , universite paris vii 10 , rue charles v 75004 paris , france requests for information ( e mail only ) should be addressed to maya @ paris7 . jussieu . fr < marina yaguello > or veken @ paris7 . jussieu . fr < cyril veken > our web site is now open and will be updated regularly http : / / www . charlesv . cicrp . jussieu . fr / charlesv / colloc _ chv / maternel . html schedule : submission of abstracts : 30 may 1998 notification of acceptance : 30 september 1998 final camera ready copy due : 1 february 1999
 "",0
 2270,""Subject: 2nd announcement isb2
  
  2nd international symposium on bilingualism 14-17 april , 1999 university of newcastle upon tyne , uk keynote speakers michael clyne ( monash ) francois grosjean ( neuchatel ) monica heller ( oise , toronto ) carol myers scotton ( south carolina ) colloquia 1 . cross - linguistic studies of language acquisition ( marilyn m . vihman : m . vihman @ bangor . ac . uk and ginny mueller gathercole : v . c . gathercole @ bangor . ac . uk ) 2 . bilingual cognitive processing ( david green : ucjtdg @ ucl . ac . uk ) 3 . input in bilingual acquisition ( annick de houwer : vhouwer @ uia . ua . ac . be and elizabeth lanza : elizabeth . lanza @ ilf . uio . no ) 4 . neurolinguistics and acquired communication disorders in bilinguals ( franco fabbro and nick miller : nicholas . miller @ ncl . ac . uk ) 5 . sign bilingualism ( clare gallaway : gallaway @ fs1 . ed . man . ac . uk ) 6 . grammar and codeswitching ( jeanine treffers - daller : j-treffersdaller @ wpg . uwe . ac . uk , ad backus : backus @ ling . ucsd . edu and jacomine nortier : jacomine . nortier @ let . ruu . nl ) 7 . sociolinguistics of bilingual interaction ( ben rampton : ben . rampton @ tvu . ac . uk , mukul saxena : m . saxena @ ucrysj . ac . uk and li wei : li . wei @ ncl . ac . uk ) 8 . trilingualism and trilinguals ( charlotte hoffman : c . hoffman @ mod . lang . salford . ac . uk ) round - table bilingualism and communication disorders : implications for speech & language therapy ( chair : deirdre martin : martinm @ edusrv1 . bham . ac . uk ) invitation to participants submissions are invited for oral or poster presentations , on all aspects of bilingualism . papers which are based on empirical research and which seek to forge new links between established fields ( e . g . linguistics , psychology , speech & language pathology , sociology , and education ) or to develop new sub-fields are particularly welcome . contributors to the colloquia and round-table should contact the organisers informally as indicated above . all submissions will be peer-reviewed , anonymously , and selected on the grounds of originality , clarity , and significance of findings and conclusions . submission of abstracts each submission should include : 1 ) a cover sheet containing ( a ) the author ( s ) name ( s ) ; ( b ) address ( including telephone number , e-mail and fax , if available ) ; ( c ) affiliation ; ( d ) the title of the presentation ; ( e ) the category of the submission ( oral presentation at parallel session or poster presentation ) ; and ( f ) equipment required for presentation ; and 2 ) three copies of an abstract of no more than 500 words . only hard-copies are considered ( no e-mails pleases ) . abstracts should be sent , by 31 august , 1998 , to : mrs gillian cavagan , isb organising committee , department of speech , university of newcastle upon tyne , ne1 7ru , uk , fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 191 222 6518 , from whom further details may also be obatined ( e - mail : gillian . cavagan @ newcastle . ac . uk ) . important dates : 31 january , 1998 : 2nd announcement 30 august , 1998 : deadline for submission of abstract 31 october , 1998 : notice of acceptance 1 january , 1999 : closing date for registration preparations for presentation each oral presentation should not exceed 20 minutes . it will be followed by 5 minutes discussion . while we cannot predict the size of the audience in parallel sessions at this stage , you are asked to prepare at least 50 copies of any materials you wish to hand out in support of your presentation . audio - visual materials will need to be suitable for use in a large lecture theatre . ohp will be available in all rooms . other equipment can be arranged by advanced written request . video tapes should be in pal system . we may ask some of the presenters to submit a full written copy of their paper in advance for sign language translation . instructions on poster presentation will be sent to you at a later date .
 "",0
 2271,""Subject: 2nd cfp : ijhcs special issue
  
  call for papers the international journal of human - computer studies will publish a special issue on the theme collaboration , cooperation and conflict in dialogue systems = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = this special issue is devoted to theoretical and empirical studies of cooperation and collaboration in dialogue systems , addressing problems specific to dialogue management . it is associated with the workshop on the same theme held at ijcai-97 in nagoya but seeks submissions from all researchers who have been working on the topic , not just the workshop participants . work on autonomous cooperative systems has shown the importance of collaboration in different domains : besides collaborating with users to provide requested information and to solve their problems , the systems should also be able to collaborate with other specialist intelligent systems ( as in multi-agent infrastructures , for example ) . also , research in natural language dialogue has brought new insights about collaboration : how mutual belief is established in dialogue ( and , consequently , task ) fulfillment , as well as how to cooperate to enable successful communication between the conversants . the notions of cooperation and collaboration are closely related to each other , but likely not the same : cooperation is one of the design principles for dialogue systems , but such systems do not necessarily collaborate with the user . to what degree is cooperation necessary for collaboration and how does it appear in dialogue ? cooperation turns into benevolence if the agent attempts to fulfill the partner 's goals without questioning their contextual relevance , but this is not necessarily collaboration . on the other hand , if the agents pursue their own goals without considering those of their partners or the joint task , their actions can hardly be described as cooperative or collaborative . this special issue concentrates on human-human and human-computer communication , and on the ways cooperation and collaboration are manifested in these situations : how the partners jointly construct dialogue acts , infer non-explicitly expressed intentions , negotiate appropriate references , generate cooperative answers , co-produce utterances , give feedback , help each other in task achievement , etc . since collaboration and cooperation are also related to conflict situations , arising from misunderstandings , erroneous perception , partial knowledge , false beliefs , etc . , submissions that examine how cooperation and collaboration work in solving conflicts , and how the partners negotiate to reach a mutually acceptable resolution are also welcome . we encourage submissions on different aspects of cooperation and collaboration , addressing especially one or more of the following research issues : - how can we define """" collaborative dialogues """" ? are all dialogues collaborative ? how do corpus studies back up the classification ? - what kind of individual commitments are needed for collaboration ? how do social settings ( roles , acquaintance ) affect communication and collaboration ? how are these commitments and settings represented in a dialogue model ? - what is the role of cooperation in collaborative dialogue ? can collaborative activity include benevolent or uncooperative behaviour ? does collaboration require sincerity ( e . g . , can cheating be collaborative ) ? - how does collaboration contribute to conflict resolution and recovery from misunderstandings ? how can costs and benefits of collaboration be measured ? - how is collaboration and cooperation related to task performance ? what mechanisms are needed to combine collaborative task plans with dialogue contributions ? - how can cooperation / collaboration principles and mechanisms be expressed in formal , computational models of communication or interaction ? how can these models be implemented ? - is collaboration the main issue to problems in dialogue management ? what are the solutions , future research problems ? both theoretical and more practically oriented papers are welcome , but we encourage papers that provide real-world examples of collaboration , cooperation and conflict , and compare multiple ways of addressing the problems that arise . submission of papers full paper submissions to the special issue should be in the ijhcs format . information for the ijhcs authors can be found at : http : / / ksi . cpsc . ucalgary . ca / ijhcs / ijhcs _ ia . html to help to coordinate the review process , authors who intend to submit are asked to send a short statement of intention to submit to david sadek one month prior the deadline . the deadline for submissions is march 16 . submissions should preferably be sent as postscript files by email to : david . sadek @ cnet . francetelecom . fr if this is not possible , send six ( 6 ) hardcopies to david sadek at the address : david sadek france telecom cnet - dih technopole anticipa - 2 , avenue pierre marzin 22307 lannion cedex - france in either case , the authors should also send a separate electronic title and abstract page ( in plain text format ) to david . sadek @ cnet . francetelecom . fr the submissions will undergo the usual ijhcs reviewing process taking into account the requirements of the special issue . each paper will be reviewed by 3 reviewers who are members of the scientific board . authors of submitted papers will also be asked to act as referees for other submissions . the reviewers will judge the submissions primarily along the following dimensions : relevance , significance , originality , clarity , technical soundness , and overall quality of presentation . important dates november 1997 call for papers february 16 statement of intent to submit march 16 submission deadline june 15 notification of acceptance august 15 final papers due special issue editors : kristiina jokinen atr , japan kjokinen @ itl . atr . co . jp david sadek france telecom , cnet , france david . sadek @ cnet . francetelecom . fr david r . traum university of maryland , usa traum @ cs . umd . edu special issue scientific board : james allen , university of rochester , usa jens allwood , university of g \ """" { o } teborg , sweden michael baker , university lyon ii , france jennifer chu - carroll , bell laboratories , usa patrick healey , atr , japan graeme hirst , university of toronto , canada masato ishizaki , ntt , japan karen lochbaum , us west , usa susan mcroy , university of wisconsin - milwaukee , usa david novick , eurisco , france candace sidner , lotus development corporation , usa more information : updated information on the special issue as well as the ijcai workshop is available at : http : / / www . cs . umd . edu / ~ traum / cccinds / general information on ijhcs is available at : http : / / ksi . cpsc . ucalgary . ca / ijhcs
 "",0
 2272,""Subject: acl workshop on translingual information management
  
  acl / coling-98 workshop on translingual information management current levels and future abilities august 16 , 1998 ( following acl / coling-98 ) university of montreal , montreal ( quebec , canada ) call for papers description - - - - - - - - - - the development of natural language applications which handle multi-lingual and multi-modal information is the next major challenge facing the field of computational linguistics . over the past 50 years , a variety of language-related capabilities has been developed in areas such as machine translation , information retrieval , and speech recognition , together with core capabilities such as information extraction , summarization , parsing , generation , multimedia planning and integration , statistics-based methods , ontologies , lexicon construction and lexical representations , and grammar . the next few years will require the extension of these technologies to encompass multi-lingual and multi-modal information . extending current technologies will require integration of the various capabilities into multi-functional natural language systems . however , there is today no clear vision of how these technologies could or should be assembled into a coherent framework . what would be involved in connecting a speech recognition system to an information retrieval engine , and then using machine translation and summarization software to process the retrieved text ? how can traditional parsing and generation be enhanced with statistical techniques ? what would be the effect of carefully crafted lexicons on traditional information retrieval ? this workshop is a follow-on to an nsf - sponsored workshop held in conjunction with the first international conference on language resources and evaluation in granada , spain ( may 1998 ) , at which an international panel of invited experts will consider these questions in an attempt to identify the most effective future directions of computational linguistics research - - especially in the context of the need to handle multi-lingual and multi-modal information . the follow-on acl workshop is intended to open the discussion to the computational inguistics community as a whole . the workshop will include ample time for discussion . a report summarizing the discussions at granada will be available before the acl workshop . topics - - - - - the workshop will focus on the following fundamental questions : 1 . what is the current level of capability in each of the major areas of the field dealing with language and related media of human communication ? 2 . how can ( some of ) these functions be integrated in the near future , and what kind of systems will result ? 3 . what are the major considerations for extending these functions to handle multi-lingual and multi-modal information , particularly in integrated systems of the type envisioned in ( 2 ) ? in particular , we will consider these questions in relation to the following areas : o multi-lingual resources ( lexicons , ontologies , corpora , etc . ) o information retrieval , especially cross-lingual and cross-modal o machine translation o automated ( cross-lingual ) summarization and information extraction o multimedia communication , in conjunction with text o evaluation and assessment techniques for each of these areas o methods and techniques ( both statistics-based and linguistics - based ) of pre-parsing , parsing , generation , information acquisition , etc . we invite submissions which report on work in these areas . all papers should clearly identify how the work addresses the issues and questions outlined above . submissions - - - - - - - - - - only hard-copy submissions will be accepted . authors should submit six ( 6 ) copies of the full-length paper ( 3500-5000 words ) . submissions should be sent to : nancy ide department of computer science vassar college 124 raymond avenue poughkeepsie , new york 12604-0520 usa style files and templates for preparing submissions can be found at http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / styles . html the official language of the conference is english . important deadlines - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - submission deadline : march 23 , 1998 notification date : may 15 , 1998 camera ready copy due : june 15 , 1998 scientific committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - charles fillmore university of california berkeley , usa robert frederking carnegie mellon university , usa ulrich heid ( tentative ) university of stuttgart , germany eduard hovy information sciences institute , usa nancy ide vassar college , usa lauri karttunen ( tentative ) rank xerox research , france kimmo koskenniemi ( tentative ) university of helsinki , finland mun kew leong national university of singapore joseph mariani limsi / cnrs , france mark maybury the mitre corporation , usa sergei nirenburg ( tentative ) new mexico state university , usa akitoshi okumura ( tentative ) nec , japan martha palmer university of pennsylvania , usa james pustejovsky brandeis university , usa peter schaueble eth , switzerland oliviero stock irst , italy felisa verdejo uned , spain piek vossen university of amsterdam , netherlands wolfgang wahlster dfki , germany organizers - - - - - - - - - robert frederking , carnegie mellon university , usa eduard hovy , isi , university of southern california , usa nancy ide , vassar college , usa information - - - - - - - - - - information on the workshop can be found at http : / / www . cs . vassar . edu / ~ ide / translingual . html inquiries may be addressed to the organizers : robert frederking < ref @ nl . cs . cmu . edu > eduard hovy < hovy @ isi . edu > nancy ide < ide @ cs . vassar . edu >
 "",0
 2273,""Subject: 6th international symposium on social communication - - cuba
  
  sixth international symposium on social communication santiago de cuba january 25-28 , 1999 the applied linguistics center of ministry of science , technology and environment in santiago de cuba , sponsored by the linguists association of cuba , the santiago de cuba higher institute for the medical sciences and the university of oriente , is pleased to announce the sixth international symposium on social communication to be held in santiago de cuba , january 25-28 , 1999 . this international event will focus on social communication processes from the points of view of applied linguistics , computational linguistics , cybernetics , medicine and the mass media . papers and posters will be discussed at workshops within the framework of the following disciplines : 1 . applied linguistics spanish and foreign languages teaching , translations , scientific terminology , sociolinguistics , psycholinguistics , phonetics . papers related to ethnology , folklore and other aspects of social communication will also be admitted under this field . international workshop : lexicological and lexicographic researchs . 2 . computational linguistics this symposium will discuss work on software design related to : lexicological , lexicographic and grammatical research . the compilation of automated monolingual , bilingual and phraseological dictionaries . other uses of computational linguistics . international workshop : automatic tagging of textual corpora . 3 . voice processing artificial intelligence applied to voice analysis , synthesis and recognition . signal processing . artificial intelligence . different type of hardware and software and their use in the devising and developing of voice-processing equipment . voice - processing equipment . their use in informatics , acoustic analysis , and as aid for the hearing and sight impaired . voice - processing research related to """" cry analysis """" . 4 . medical specialties related to pathological processes which use speech and voice analysis . presentations on research results showing the effects of the use of words and communication for the treatment of various illnesses . interdisciplinary treatment of logophoniatric patients with vocal tract disorders . results of investigations related to diagnoses of central nervous system diseases through the cry analysis method . international workshop : prespeech development and language acquisition . 5 . mass media language in the mass media . other aspects of interest santiago de cuba , located at some 900 kms from havana , is cuba 's second largest city due to its economic , cultural and social importance . santiago is also the capital of the province with the same name . surrounded by the green mountains of the sierra maestra range and the caribbean sea , santiago is unique in its geography and beautiful landscape . its surroundings make the city one of the most important touristic attractions on the entire island . the organizing committee , in coordination with the city 's tourist agencies will offer visiting delegates a host of options allowing participants to enjoy the city 's beauty and charm . important reminders june 30 , 1998 : submission of summaries september 1th , 1998 : deadline for paper and reports january 25-28 1999 : sixth international symposium all mail or enquiries should be addressed to : dr . eloina miyares bermudez secretaria ejecutiva comite organizador apartado postal 4067 . vista alegre santiago de cuba 4 , cuba , 90400 telefonos : ( 53-226 ) 42760 , ( 53-226 ) 41081 fax : ( 53-226 ) 41579 e - mail : leonel @ lingapli . ciges . inf . cu home page : http : / / wwwseti . cs . utwente . nl / parlevink / cuba . also at : http : / / www . univ-tlse 2 . fr / gril / cuba . html official languages : spanish and english . inscription fee : $ 130 . 00 usd companions $ 70 . 00 usd
 "",0
 2274,""Subject: a workshop on text , speech and dialog ( tsd ' 98 )
  
  first announcement and call for papers a workshop on text , speech and dialog ( tsd ' 98 ) brno , czech republic , 23-26 september 1998 the workshop is organized by the faculty of informatics , masaryk university , brno , and the faculty of applied sciences , university of west bohemia , pilsen , under the auspices of the dean of the faculty of informatics of masaryk university . please visit the workshop 's homepage : http : / / www . fi . muni . cz / tsd98 / venue brno , czech republic topics tsd ' 98 will be concerned with topics in the field of natural language processing , in particular : - corpora , texts and transcription - speech analysis , recognition and synthesis - their intertwining within nl dialog systems . topics of the workshop will include ( but are not limited to ) : - text corpora and tagging - transcription problems in spoken corpora - sense disambiguation - links between text and speech oriented systems - parsing issues , especially parsing problems in spoken texts - multilingual issues , especially multilingual dialog systems - information retrieval and text / topic summarization - speech modeling - speech segmentation - speech recognition - text - to-speech synthesis - dialog systems - development of dialog strategies - assistive technologies based on speech and dialog - applied systems and software program committee baudoin genevieve ( france ) ferencz attila ( romania ) hanks patrick ( great britain , chair ) hermansky hynek ( usa ) kopecek ivan ( czech republic ) matousek vaclav ( czech republic ) mueller johannes ( germany ) noeth elmar ( germany ) pala karel ( czech republic ) pavesic nikola ( slovenia ) schukat - talamazzini e . guenter ( germany ) skrelin pavel ( russia ) organizing committee bartek ludek batusek robert komarkova dana ( secretary ) e-mail : dkomar @ fi . muni . cz kopecek ivan ( chair ) e-mail : kopecek @ fi . muni . cz matousek vaclav pala karel smrz pavel staudek jan zackova eva ( principal contact ) e-mail : glum @ fi . muni . cz zizka jan submission of papers abstracts of no more than 500 words [ plain ascii text only , please ] should be submitted to the following e-mail address on or before may 15 , 1998 : glum @ fi . muni . cz submissions should include , in addition to the abstract itself , the name of the author ( s ) , affiliation , address , telephone number , fax number , and e-mail address . electronic submissions will be acknowledged by e-mail , so please contact us if no acknowledgement is received . acceptance of submissions will likewise be notified by e-mail . accepted papers will be published in the proceedings of tsd ' 98 . authors of abstracts that are accepted will be requested to send their papers in postscript form ( in llncs format ) to the above by e-mail before august 17th . latex word processor is preferred but not required . format instructions ( and llncs latex format ) will be sent to authors together with the notification of acceptance . requests for participation will be processed on a """" first come first served """" basis . important dates friday , may 15 , 1998 . . . . . submissions of abstracts due tuesday , june 30 , 1998 . . . . . notification of acceptance sent to the authors monday , august 17 , 1998 . . . . . final papers ( camera ready ) due wednesday , september 23 , 1998 . . . . . . workshop date fees and costs registration fee : 80 . - usd ( includes proceedings , refreshments , social events and trip ) accommodation and food : double room ( shared with other participant ) : 130 . - usd single room : 190 . - usd the full cost of the workshop will therefore be either 210 , - usd or 270 , - usd , depending on whether accommodation is shared . further details will be announced later . official language the official language of the event will be english , but papers on issues relating to text and speech processing in languages other than english are strongly encouraged . address all correspondence regarding the workshop should be addressed to : dana komarkova faculty of informatics masaryk university botanicka 68a 60200 brno czech republic tel . : + 420 5 41 512 359 fax : e-mail : dkomar @ fi . muni . cz outline of the programme all sessions of the workshop will be plenary ( no parallel sessions ) . the format will consist of paper presentations ( generally 20 minutes ) followed by discussion ( 10 minutes ) . the workshop will also include social events , an excursion to the faculty of informatics , masaryk university brno , and a trip in the vicinity of brno ( the moravian karst , including the beautiful macocha chasm ) . location hotel myslivna , where the workshop will take place , is a comfortable hotel in beautiful woods on a hill near a natural reservation area very close to brno . the surrounding is very quiet and suitable for walks and hiking ( jogging ) routes . brno is the capital of moravia , which is in the south-east part of the czech republic . it is the second-largest town in the czech republic ( with a population of about half a million ) . it had been a royal city since 1347 . there are six universities in brno . historical and artistic places of interest include : - - brno castle ( now called spilberk ) - - veveri castle - - the old and new city halls - - the augustine monastery , with st thomas ' church and crypt of moravian margraves - - the church of st james - - the """" bishops ' church """" of st peter & st paul - - the famous villa tugendhadt , designed by mies van der rohe - - many other important examples of czech architecture between the wars ( 1918-38 ) . in the immediate surroundings of brno are the moravian karst . with macocha chasm and punkva caves ; the site of the """" battle of the three emperors """" ( napoleon , alexander of russia , and franz of austria ) , commonly known as the battle of austerlitz ; the chateau of slavkov ( austerlitz ) ; pernstejn castle ; and many other attractions . how to reach brno brno can be reached easily by direct trains from prague , vienna , bratislava , and budapest , or by plane to vienna and then by coach or train ( 130 km ) . another possibility is to go by plane to prague and then travel about 200 km by coach or train . further travel details will be given in future announcements . ivan kopecek kopecek @ fi . muni . cz http : / / www . fi . muni . cz / ~ kopecek /
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 2275,""Subject: multidisciplinary colloquium on rules and rule - following
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * second call for papers extended deadline : march 15 , 1998 we are happy to announce a conference and workshop on multidisciplinary colloquium on rules and rule - following : philosophy , linguistics and psychology between april 30 - may 1 - 2 , 1998 at janus pannonius university pecs , hungary keynote speakers : philosophy : gyorgy kampis , lorand eotvos university , budapest kuno lorenz , universitat des saarlandes , saarbrucken , germany linguistics : pierre - yves raccah , idl - cnrs , paris hubert cuyckens , university of antwerp , belgium psychology : csaba pleh , lorand eotvos university , budapest john stewart , idl - crns , paris organizing committee : laszlo tarnay ( dept . of philosophy , janus pannonius university , pecs ) laszlo i . komlosi ( dept . of english , janus pannonius university , ( pecs ) andras bocz ( dept . of english , janus pannonius university , pecs ) e-mail : tarnay @ btk . jpte . hu ; komlosi @ btk . jpte . hu ; bocz @ btk . jpte . hu advisory board : gabor forrai ( budapest ) gyorgy kampis ( budapest ) mike harnish ( tucson ) andras kertesz ( debrecen ) kuno lorenz ( saarbruecken ) pierre - yves raccah ( paris ) janos s . petofi ( macerata ) aims and scopes : the main aim of the conference is to bring together scholars from the field of cognitive linguistics , philosophy and psychology to investigate the concept of rule and to address various aspects of rule-following . ever since wittgenstein formulated in philosophical investigations his famous 201 concerning a kind of rule-following which is not an interpretation , the concept of rule has become a key but elusive idea in almost every discipline and approach . and not only in the human sciences . no wonder , since without this idea the whole edifice of human ( and possibly all other kinds of ) rationality would surely collapse . with the rise of cognitive science , and especially the appearance of connectionist models and networks , however , the classical concept of rule is once again seriously contested . to put it very generally , there is an ongoing debate between the classical conception in which rules appear as a set of formularizable initial conditions or constraints on external operations linking different successive states of a given system ( algorithms ) and a dynamic conception in which there is nothing that could be correlated with a prior idea of internal well-formedness of the system 's states . the debate centers on the representability of rules : either they are conceived of as meta-representations , or they are mere faon de parler concerning the development of complex systems . idealizable on the one hand , while token-oriented on the other . something to be implemented on the one hand , while self-controlling , backpropagational processing , on the other . there is however a common idea that almost all kinds of rule-conceptions address : the problem of learning . this idea reverberates from wittgensteinian pragmatics to strategic non-verbal and rule-governed speech behavior , from perceiving similarities to mental processing . here are some haunting questions : - how do we acquire knowledge if there are no regularities in the world around us ? - but how can we perceive those regularities ? - and how do we reason on the basis of that knowledge if there are no observable constraints on infererring ? - but if there are , where do they come from and how are they actually implemented mentally ? - and finally : how do we come to act rationally , that is , in accordance with what we have perceived , processed and inferred . we are interested in all ways of defining rules and in all aspects of rule following , from the definition of law , rule , regularity , similarity and analogy to logical consequence , argumentational and other inferences , statistical and linguistic rules , practical and strategic reasoning , pragmatic and praxeological activities . we expect contribution from the following research fields : game-theory , action theory , argumentation theory , cognitive science , linguistics , philosophy of language , epistemology , pragmatics , psychology and semiotics . we would be happy to include some contributions from natural sciences such as neuro-biology , physiology or brain sciences . the conference is organized in three major sections : philosophy , psychology and linguistics with six keynote lectures . then contributions of 30 minutes ( 20 for paper and 10 for discussion ) will follow . we also plan to organize a workshop at the end of each section abstracts : abstracts should be one-page ( maximum 23 lines ) specifying area of contribution and the particular aspect of rule-following to be addressed . abstracts should be sent by e-mail to : tarnay @ btk . jpte . hu or bocz @ btk . jpte . hu . hard copies of abstracts may be sent to : laszlo tarnay department of philosophy janus pannonius university , ifjusag utja 6 , h-7624 pecs , hungary important dates : deadline for submission : march 15 , 1998 notification of acceptance : march 25 , 1998 conference : april 30 - may 1 - 2 , 1998 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * for those concerned there is a follow-up philosophical colloquium : john mcdowell : mind and world - kant in analytic philosophy which discusses mcdowell 's recent book : mind and world . among would-be participants are barry allen , michael williams and robert brandon . if interested , contact prof . janos boros , dept . of philosophy , janus pannonius university . e-mail : boros @ btk . jpte . hu
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 2276,""Subject: third utrecht biannual phonology workshop
  
  workshop announcement and call for abstracts third utrecht biannual phonology workshop rene kager & wim zonneveld utrecht institute of linguistics : ots organisers 11-13 june 1998 theme : typology and language acquisition invited speakers : bruce hayes ( ucla ) and joe pater ( ubc ) deadline for abstracts : 1 march 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = it is a standard assumption that the striking structural resemblances between human languages are explained from the common starting point : u . g . the study of the striking resemblances ( and range of differences ) is called ` typology ' . the direct study of the common starting point is that of ` first language acquisition ' . since the introduction of so-called ` constraint-based theories ' , the field of typology and language acquisition is a candidate for a redefinition of its contents and its goals . questions that can be raised inlcude the following : - what is the nature of the common starting point ? is it an unstructured pool of constraints , where the process of language acquisition consists of providing structure ? is it highly structured ( is there a common completely ` unmarked ' , but structured ) point of departure ) , where language acquisition consists of adding markedness ? - is the learning task larger ( although not necessarily more difficult ) than previously imagined ? - to what extent is learning guided by factors of markedness that have an extralinguistic source , e . g . , production and / or perception factors ? - is the methodological process of excluding impossible languages different in constraint-based theories , and if so , how ? - is it possible to imagine combined theories of constraints and traditional parameters , both in the area of ( adult ) typology and language acquisition ? = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = abstracts are requested to have a length of 800 words ( references incl . ) . they will be judged according to the following priority scale : - integration of acquisitional and typology issues - acquisitional issues - typological issues any queries : rene . kager @ let . ruu . nl wim . zonneveld @ let . ruu . nl trans 10 3512 jk utrecht the netherlands fax : 31-30 - 2536000
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 2277,""Subject: 2nd call for papers : emnlp3
  
  = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 2nd call for papers : deadline march 2 , 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = third conference on empirical methods in natural language processing ( emnlp - 3 ) when : tuesday , june 2 , 1998 ( following the first international conference on language resources and evaluation and the nsf workshop on translingual information management ) where : granada , spain conference description : in the spirit of sigdat events , this conference will offer a general forum for novel research in corpus-based and statistical natural language processing . areas of interest include ( but are not limited to ) : - robust parsing , phrase structure analysis - part of speech tagging - term and name identification - word sense disambiguation - morphological analysis - anaphora resolution - event categorization - discourse structure identification - alignment of parallel texts and bilingual terminology - language modelling - lexicography - machine translation - spelling and grammar correction in addition , we encourage submissions that describe and evaluate the strengths , weaknesses , and recent advances in corpus-based nlp as applied to multi-lingual applications . the development of natural language applications which handle multi-lingual information is the next major challenge facing the field of computational linguistics . how well do techniques for lexical tagging , parsing , anaphora resolution , etc . , handle the specific problems of multi-lingual applications ? what new methods have been developed to address the deficiencies of existing algorithms for these tasks or to address problems specific to handling multi-lingual applications ? what problems still lack an adequate empirical solution ? conversely , how can data-driven nlp methods be improved with the help of multi-lingual data ? program chairs : nancy ide vassar college ( chair ) atro voutilainen university of helsinki ( co-chair ) program committee : steven abney , university of tuebingen , germany susan armstrong , issco , geneva , switzerland pascale fung , hong kong univ . of science and technology , hong kong gregory grefenstette , xerox research centre europe , france ed hovy , usc / isi , usa dan jurafsky , university of colorado , boulder , usa kimmo koskenniemi , university of helsinki , finland hwee tou ng , dso national laboratories , singapore kemal oflazer , bilkent university , turkey peter schauble , eth zentrum , switzerland keh yih su , national tsing - hua university , taiwan dan tufis , romanian academy of sciences , romania evelyne viegas , new mexico state university , usa sponsor : sigdat ( acl 's special interest group for linguistic data and corpus-based approaches to nlp ) format for submission : authors should submit a full-length paper ( 3500-8000 words ) either electronically or in hardcopy . electronic submissions should be mailed to """" emnlp3 @ cs . vassar . edu """" and must either be ( a ) plain ascii text or ( b ) a single postscript file ( us letter format ) . hardcopy submissions should be mailed to nancy ide ( address below ) , and should include six ( 6 ) copies of the paper . requirements : papers should describe original work . a paper accepted for presentation cannot be presented or have been presented at any other meeting . papers submitted to other conferences will be considered , as long as this fact is clearly indicated in the submission . schedule : submission deadline : monday , march 2 , 1998 notification date : friday , april 3 , 1998 camera - ready copy due : friday may 1 , 1998 conference date : tuesday , june 2 contacts : nancy ide , chair department of computer science vassar college 124 raymond avenue poughkeepsie , new york 12604-0520 usa tel : ( + 1 914 ) 437 5988 fax : ( + 1 914 ) 437 7498 e - mail : ide @ cs . vassar . edu atro voutilainen research unit for multilingual language technology department of general linguistics p . o . box 4 ( keskuskatu 8 , 7th floor ) fin-00014 university of helsinki finland tel : ( + 358 9 ) 191 23 507 fax : ( + 358 9 ) 191 23 598 e - mail : atro . voutilainen @ ling . helsinki . fi further information : http : / / www . cs . vassar . edu / ~ ide / emnlp3 . html http : / / www . cs . jhu . edu / ~ yarowsky / sigdat . html
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 2278,""Subject: call for papers : konvens98
  
  first call for papers konvens 98 computer , linguistik und phonetik zwischen sprache und sprechen computers , linguistics , and phonetics between language and speech 4 . konferenz zur verarbeitung natuerlicher sprache - 4th conference on natural language processing oct . 5 - 7 , 1998 , university of bonn , germany http : / / www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / konvens98 organized by : gesellschaft fuer linguistische datenverarbeitung ( gldv ) ( responsible in 1998 ) deutsche gesellschaft fuer sprachwissenschaft ( dgfs ) gesellschaft fuer informatik ( gi ) , fa 1 . 3 . 1 """" natuerlichsprachliche systeme """" informationstechnische gesellschaft / deutsche gesellschaft fuer akustik ( itg / dega ) oesterreichische gesellschaft fuer artificial intelligence ( oegai ) call for papers subjects of the conference are all areas of language processing dealing with language in its written or spoken form . special attention will be paid to approaches focussing on the structural and the phonological / phonetic aspects of computer-aided / based language research and aimed at bridging the gap between both aspects . please submit proposals for : - lectures , - workshops , - demonstrations and - posters . all proposals will be reviewed anonymously . please add a title page specifying the author 's names and institutions as well as title and form of the contribution . proposals should be submitted in 5 paper copies ( din a4 paper size , times 12pt ) , and in electronic form per e-mail ( preferably latex or ps ) . word and wordperfect format files and latex style files will be available for download after march 15 , 1998 . proposals should not exceed 10 pages for lectures , and 5 pages for workshops . poster contributions will be published as short papers limited to 4 pages . workshop proposals should explain the significance of the subject , and they should name the prospective participants and their contributions . demonstrations should be briefly described ; the equipment needed should be specified . all proposals should contain german and english abstracts of 12 lines max . conference languages are german and english . all proposals are reviewed by at least two independent reviewers nominated by the programme committee . accepted proposals will be published in the conference proceedings which will be available before the beginning of the conference . deadlines march 1 , 1998 deadline for the submission of workshop proposals april 15 , 1998 deadline for the submission of proposals for lectures and posters may 15 , 1998 notification on acceptance june 15 , 1998 submission of the printable contribution to the proceedings july 15 , 1998 deadline for submitting proposals for system demonstrations local organizers prof . dr . wolfgang hess prof . dr . winfried lenders dr . thomas portele dr . bernhard schroeder programme committee dr . ernst buchberger , wien ( oegai ) dr . stefan busemann , saarbruecken ( gi ) prof . dr . dafydd gibbon , bielefeld ( dgfs ) prof . dr . wolfgang hoeppner , duisburg ( gi ) prof . dr . roland hausser , erlangen ( gldv ) prof . dr . wolfgang hess , bonn ( itg / dega ) prof . dr . r . hoffmann , dresden ( itg / dega ) dr . tibor kiss , heidelberg ( dgfs ) prof . dr . winfried lenders , bonn ( gldv ) dr . harald trost ( oegai ) conference office gisela von neffe institut fuer kommunikationsforschung und phonetik der universitaet bonn poppelsdorfer allee 47 d-53115 bonn internet : http / / : www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / konvens98 / index . en . html email : konvens98 @ uni-bonn . de phone : + 49-228 - 735638 fax : + 49-228 - 735639 location konvens 98 will take place at the university of bonn 's central building , which is situated in the city 's centre , in walking distance from the main railway station . world wide web http : / / www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / konvens98
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 2279,""Subject: ecai-98 # 6 : call for young researcher papers
  
  ecai ' 98 august 23-28 1998 brighton uk call for young researcher papers http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 / youngrescall . html the ecai-98 programme committee is pleased to announce a special programme of short papers for young researchers . important dates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 mar 1998 deadline for abstracts 11 mar 1998 deadline for papers 15 apr 1998 notification of acceptance 15 may 1998 camera - ready copies of papers 26-28 aug 1998 student programme at ecai-98 the aim is to encourage younger ai researchers to attend ecai-98 and to present their on-going work , in the form of short ( 2 page ) papers , which will appear in the conference proceedings . a short paper may either report on the innovative points of work in progress , or on a particular result of special interest . the call is open to researchers who satisfy at least one of the following criteria on 11 march 1998 : - they are under 28 years old - they are currently studying for a phd or other degree qualification in ai ( or a related topic ) - they received a phd in ai ( or a related topic ) within the past two years . submissions are invited on original and previously unpublished research in all aspects of ai , including , but not limited to : abduction , temporal , causal reasoning , and diagnosis ; automated reasoning ; application and enabling technologies ; belief revision and nonmonotonic reasoning ; case - based reasoning ; cognitive modelling and philosophical foundations ; computational linguistics ; constraint - based reasoning and constraint programming ; distributed ai and multiagent systems ; fuzzy logic ; knowledge acquisition ; knowledge representation ; logic programming , and theorem proving ; machine learning , knowledge discovery and data mining ; natural language and intelligent user interfaces ; neural networks in ai ; planning , scheduling , and reasoning about actions ; probabilistic networks ; qualitative preferences and decision in ai ; qualitative and spatial reasoning ; reasoning under uncertainty ; robotics , vision , and signal understanding ; search and meta - heuristics for ai ; verification , validation and testing of knowledge - based systems . submissions should be two pages long using the format described on the ecai-98 style guide web page : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 / style . html a latex style file is available on the website ( or on request . to ecai98 @ cogs . susx . ac . uk ) . accepted papers will be required to conform more strictly to the publishers ' formatting requirements , which will be broadly in line with the present formatting guidelines . submission procedure submission is a two stage process , similar to the process for long papers . an electronic abstract should be sent to ecai98 @ irit . fr by 6 march 1998 . this summary should include the title , author , contact address and abstract for the paper , plus keywords drawn from the above list ( plus other keywords if appropriate ) . a web-based summary submission form is available to make this easier . this summary information should also be included with the paper itself , on a separate sheet of paper . submission of the paper is in hard copy form only , electronic submissions will not be accepted . four copies of the paper ( each including the summary sheet ) , should be sent by post to the ecai-98 programme chair , henri prade , at the address below . the title page should include a statement indicating which of the above eligibility criteria the author satisfies and that the paper has not been submitted elsewhere . the deadline for receipt of papers is 11 march 1998 . papers received after this date will not be reviewed . address for submission - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - henri prade , ecai-98 programme chair irit universite paul sabatier 118 route de narbonne 31062 toulouse cedex 4 france email : henri . prade @ irit . fr tel : + 33 ( 0 ) 561 55 65 79 fax : + 33 ( 0 ) 561 55 62 39 multiple submissions policy ecai-98 will not accept any paper which at the time of submission is under review for , or has already been published or accepted for publication in a journal or another conference . authors are also expected not to submit their papers elsewhere during the review period . these restrictions apply only to journals and conferences and not to workshops or similar specialised meetings with limited audiences . the title page should include a statement that the paper is not under review or accepted for publication in another conference or journal . however , if a young researcher has already submitted a regular paper to ecai-98 , a new submission on the same topic in the form of a short paper is permitted provided that the author declares it on submission . if the regular paper is accepted , the short paper will be considered to have been withdrawn . however such a double submission is not encouraged . the review process the short papers will be reviewed under the control of the ecai-98 program committee under the chairmanship of the ecai-98 programme chair . the ecai-98 programme chair has final authority over the review process and all decisions relating to acceptance of papers . accepted papers will be allocated 15 minutes for oral presentation and 2 pages in the official ecai-98 proceedings . note : as is usual at ecai conferences , students will be able to register for the conference at a significantly reduced and subsidised rate . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ecai-98 secretariat tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 678448 centre for advanced software applications fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 671320 university of sussex email : ecai98 @ cogs . susx . ac . uk brighton , bn1 9qh , uk url : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 ecai-98 is organised by the european coordinating committee for artificial intelligence ( eccai ) and hosted by the universities of brighton and sussex on behalf of aisb . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",0
 2280,""Subject: cuny ' 98 conference
  
  below you will find information regarding registration and hotel reservations for the 11th annual cuny conference on human sentence processing . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * please preregister and make your hotel reservations immediately . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the deadline for both preregistration and hotel reservations is february 27th , but you are encouraged to do both now . the conference rate at the hotel is not unconditionally guaranteed through the reservation deadline - - it is only guaranteed as long as the hotel occupancy is below a certain rate , and some days are already filling up . the normal midweek rate is about $ 50 / night higher than the conference rate , so you should reserve now . please also take the time now to preregister - - it will help us keep costs down ( making more funds available for student travel ) if we can get an accurate estimate of attendance . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration and hotel information for the 11th annual cuny conference on human sentence processing hosted by rutgers , the state university of new jersey conference sponsors : national science foundation city university of new york university of pennsylvania university of rochester ohio state university university of southern california * * * * * february 27th is the conference pre - registration * * * * * and hotel reservation deadline ! conference pre - registration a form for preregistration is below and is also available on our website . to preregister , please fill out the form and return it with a check ( made out to rutgers university ) , as indicated on the form . we ' re sorry , but we cannot accept credit cards . as the fees for on-site registration are substantially higher , we encourage you to register by the february 27th deadline to receive preregistration rates . if you are the first author on a paper or a poster , you will automatically receive the pre-registration rate if you return the registration form via email by february 27 , 1998 . you can then pay your registration fee at the conference . also , if you are attending from outside of the us , you will automatically receive the preregistration rate if you email the form back to us by february 27 . you can then pay the registration fee at the conference ; payment must be in us dollars . student presenters who wish to apply for reimbursement must save all receipts and fill out a reimbursement request form at the conference . hotel reservations we have a special rate of single - $ 119 / night , double / triple / quad - $ 135 / night at the conference hotel , the hyatt regency - new brunswick , nj . you must make your reservation by february 27 , by calling the hotel directly ( 732 ) 873-1234 or ( 800 ) 233-1234 . ask for the special rate for the cuny98 conference . for more info , see our web page : http : / / ruccs . rutgers . edu / cuny98 please print out and mail this form with your check ( made out to rutgers university ) to the address below : _ _ _ _ _ 8 < _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 < _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 < _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 < _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 < _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration form for 11th annual cuny conference on human sentence processing march 19-21 , 1998 new brunswick , new jersey hosted by rutgers , the state university of new jersey name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mailing address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ are you first author on a paper or poster ? yes _ _ _ no _ _ _ are you a non - us participant ? yes _ _ _ no _ _ _ are you a student ? yes _ _ _ no _ _ _ if a student , will you be requesting aid ? yes _ _ _ no _ _ _ fees registration covers the conference program , coffee breaks ( all days ) , continental breakfasts ( fri / sat ) , evening poster receptions ( thurs / fri ) . all registration forms postmarked by february 27 are eligible for the pre-registration rates . first authors and / or non - us participants can email this this form back to be guaranteed the pre-registration rate , and then pay at the conference . checks should be in us dollars and drawn on a us bank . pre - registration ( by februrary 27 ) late registration non - students $ 75 $ 95 students $ 25 $ 45 please return this form and your payment to : cuny98 rutgers center for cognitive science rutgers university , busch campus psychology building addition new brunswick , nj 08903 usa
 "",0
 2281,""Subject: mutual knowledge , common ground and public information
  
  esslli-98 workshop on mutual knowledge , common ground and public information august 24 - 28 , 1998 a workshop held as part of the 10th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli-98 ) august 17 - 28 , 1998 , saarbrueken , germany * * last call for papers * * organisers : wolfgang heydrich and hannes rieser ( hamburg / bielefeld ) web site : http : / / www . dcs . warwick . ac . uk / ~ esslli98 / workshops . html background the topic of the workshop is in the common focus of several disciplines : cognitive science , linguistic pragmatics & semantics , philosophical logic , ai , and psychology . it concerns research in areas like discourse analysis , coordination , presupposition and accomodation , as well as the formal reconstruction of dialogue and interaction . there are obvious connections to problems of group-epistemology and general ( philosophical ) concepts like intersubjectivity . the topic constitutes a field of discussion where empirical and formal methodologies meet ( from controlled experiments and discourse analysis to , say , non-well - founded set theory ) . we invite contributions from all the fields mentioned above , which may focus on : - foundational problems ( epistemic logic , social ontology , set theory ) - descriptive and experimental work in psychology , linguistics and ethnomethodology - applications in models of agent 's behaviour based on e . g . , intention analysis , gricean accounts or speech act theory - computer simulation implementing the concepts mentioned . workshop format : the workshop will consist of five sessions ( 90 min . each ) of presentation and discussion of contributed papers . it will take place during the second week of the summer school and will be open to all members of the lli community . submissions : all reserchers in the area , but especially ph . d . students and young reserachers , are encouraged to submit a two-page abstract ( hard copies or by e-mail ) to one of the following addresses : prof . dr . hannes rieser pd dr . wolfgang heydrich university of bielefeld university of hamburg fak . lili germanisches seminar postfach 100131 von - melle - park 6 d-33501 bielefeld d-20146 hamburg germany germany rieser @ lili . uni-bielefeld . de heydrich @ lili . uni-bielefeld . de phone : 0049-521 - 1063666 phone : 0049-40 - 4222501 fax : 0049-521 - 1062996 fax : 0049-40 - 4222603 the deadline for submission of abstracts is february 15 , 1998 . notification of contributors will be given around april 15 , 1998 . contributors of selected papers will be asked to provide extended abstracts ( five pages ) to be distributed as work-shop notes . the deadline for submission of extended abstracts is may 15 , 98 . registration : workshop contributors will be required to register for esslli-98 , but they will be elligible for a reduced registration fee . important dates : feb 15 , 98 : deadline for submissions apr 15 , 98 : notification of acceptance may 15 , 98 : deadline for final copy aug 17 , 98 : start of workshop further information : to obtain further information about esslli-98 please visit the esslli-98 home page at http : / / www . coli . uni-sb . de / esslli
 "",0
 2282,""Subject: lrec workshop """" distributing and accessing linguistic resourcs """"
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * last call for papers extended deadline : march 15 , 1998 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * distributing and accessing linguistic resources * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * workshop immediately before the first international conference on language resources and evaluation ( lrec ) , may 27 1998 granada , spain http : / / www . icp . grenet . fr / elra / conflre . html short description : this workshop will discuss ways to increase the efficacy of linguistic resource distribution and programmatic access , and work towards the definition of a new method for these tasks based on distributed processing and object-oriented modelling with deployment on the www . organizers : yorick wilks , hamish cunningham , wim peters , remi zajac workshop scope and aims - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - in general the reuse of of nlp data resources ( such as lexicons or corpora ) has exceeded that of algorithmic resources ( such as lemmatisers or parsers ) . however , there are still two barriers to data resource reuse : 1 ) each resource has its own representation syntax and corresponding programmatic access mode ( e . g . sql for celex , c or prolog for wordnet , sgml for the bnc ) ; 2 ) resources must generally be installed locally to be usable ( and of course precisely how this happens , what operating systems are supported etc . varies from case to case ) . the consequences of 1 ) are that although resources share some structure in common ( lexicons are organised around words , for example ) this commonality is wasted when it comes to using a new resource ( the developer has to learn everything afresh each time ) and that work which seeks to investigate or exploit commonalities between resources ( e . g . to link several lexicons to an ontology ) has to first build a layer of access routines on top of each resources . so , for example , if we wish to do task-based evaluation of lexicons by measuring the relative performance of an information extraction system with different instantiations of lexical resource , we might end up writing code to translate several different resources into sql or sgml . the consequence of 2 ) is that there is no way to """" try before you buy """" : no way to examine a data resource for its suitability for your needs before licencing it . correspondingly there is no way for a resource provider to expose limitted access to their products for advertising purposes , or gain revenue through piecemeal supply of sections of a resource . this workshop will discuss ways to overcome these barriers . the proposers will discuss a new method for distributing and accessing language resources involving the development of a common programmatic model of the various resources types , implemented in corba idl and / or java , along with a distributed server for non-local access . this model is being designed as part of the gate project ( general architecture for text engineering : http : / / www . dcs . shef . ac . uk / research / groups / nlp / gate / ) and goes under the provisional title of an active creole server . ( creole : collection of reusable objects for language engineering . currently creole supports only algortihmic objects , but will be extended to data objects . ) a common model of language data resources would be a set of inheritance hierarchies making up a forest or set of graphs . at the top of the hierarchies would be very general abstractions from resources ( e . g . lexicons are about words ) ; at the leaves would be data items that were specific to individual resources . programmatic access would be available at all levels , allowing the developer to select an appropriate level of commonality for each application . note that although an exciting element of the work could be to provide algorithms to dynamically merge common resources ( e . g . connect wordnet to celex ) , what we ' re suggesting initially is not to develop anything substantively new , but simply to improve access to existing resources . this is not a new standards initiative , but a way to build on previous initiatives . of course , the production of a common model that fully expressed all the subtleties of all resources would be a large undertaking , but we believe that it can be done incrementally , with useful results at each stage . early versions will stop decomposing the object structure of resources at a fairly high level , leaving the developer to handle the data structures native to the resources at the leaves of the forest . there should still be a substantial benefit in uniform access to higher level strucures . draft program committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - yorick wilks hamish cunningham wim peters remi zajac roberta catizone paola velardi maria teresa pazienza louise guthrie roberto basili bran boguraev sergei nirenburg james pustejowsky ralph grishman christiane fellbaum paper submission - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - formatting guidelines : papers should not exceed 4000 words or 10 pages . hard copies : three hard copies should be sent to : gill callaghan , fao yorick wilks dept . computer science university of sheffield regent court 211 portobello st . , sheffield s1 4dp uk electronic submission : electronic submission will be allowed in poscript or html . an ftp site will be available on demand . authors should send an info email to ( hamish cunningham - hamish @ dcs . shef . ac . uk ) even if they submit in paper form . an electronic submission should be accompanied by a plain ascii text . # name : name of first author # title : title of the paper # pages : number of pages # files : name of file ( if also submitted electronically ) # note : anything you 'd like to add # keys : keywords # email : email of the first author # abstr : abstract of the paper # . . . . . . important dates paper submission deadline ( hard copy / electronic ) march 15th 1998 paper notification april 1st camera - ready papers due may 1st dalr workshop may 27st
 "",0
 2283,""Subject: workshop on corpus - based terminology
  
  call for participation workshop on corpus - based terminology bozen / bolzano , february 26-28 , 1998 european academy bozen / bolzano patronage autonome provinz bozen = = = = = = = = = = = = = background = = = = = = = = = = = = = the motivation to organize this workshop is a project currently in the planning phase at the european academy bozen / bolzano . the main goal of the project is to elaborate a comprehensive italian / german terminology in the areas of law and administration for the use in south tyrol by extracting the term pairs from a representative corpus of relevant bilingual texts . a more detailed description can be found here : http : / / www . eurac . edu / fb1 / projects / catex . htm the objective of the workshop is to bring together leading researchers working on corpus-based terminology and to provide a forum of discussion of the state of the art in this area . the main focus will be on computational methods and technologies covering the following topics : t1 : encoding ( multilingual ) text corpora t2 : extraction of data / knowledge from text corpora ( translation equivalents , concept relations , . . . ) t3 : terminological data / knowledge representation = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = invited speakers = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = khurshid ahmad ( university of surrey , united kingdoms ) susan armstrong ( university of geneva , switzerland ) lynne bowker ( dublin city university school , ireland ) ido dagan ( bar ilan university , israel ) ulrich heid ( university of stuttgart , germany ) david hull ( xerox research centre europe , france ) nancy ide ( vassar college , new york ) christian jacquemin ( iut de nantes , france ) bernardo magnini ( irst , italy ) maria t . pazienza ( university of roma , italy ) jordi vivaldi palatresi ( university pompeu fabra , spain ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = preliminary programme = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the programme consists of talks given by 11 invited speakers and a pannel discussion about the catex project ; there will be plenty of time for discussions . a preliminary programme outline is given below : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - thursday , february 26 , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 . 30 - 8 . 45 registration 8 . 45 - 9 . 00 opening 9 . 00-10 . 00 general introduction into corpus - based terminology + some on t1 ( lynne bowker ) break 10 . 30-12 . 30 corpus encoding for linguistic research and term detection ( jordi vivaldi palatresi ) working with parallel corpora ( susan armstrong ) lunch 14 . 30-15 . 30 ( extraction of information from text corpora ) ( ulrich heid ) break 16 . 00-18 . 00 pannel discussion : the catex project ( werner aufschnaiter , johann gamper , felix mayer , francesco palermo ) 20 . 00 workshop dinner - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - friday , february 27 , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 . 00-10 . 00 recognition and acquisition : two interrelated activities in corpus - based term extraction ( christian jacquemin ) break 10 . 30-12 . 30 automatic terminology extraction and alignment from a parallel sentence - aligned bilingual corpus ( david hull ) bilingual word alignment and its use for productive lexicon construction ( ido dagan ) lunch 14 . 00-19 . 00 tour : tobogganing at the seiser alm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - saturday , february 28 , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 . 00-10 . 00 a domain specific terminology extraction system ( maria t . pazienza ) break 10 . 30-12 . 30 from terminologoy extraction to terminology representation ( khurshid ahmad ) use of a lexical knowledge base for information access systems ( bernardo magnini ) lunch 14 . 30-15 . 30 encoding linguistic corpora : encoding schemes and a data architecture for linguistic annotation ( nancy ide ) break 16 . 00 concluding remarks = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = conference address = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = european academy bozen / bolzano weggensteinstr . 12 / a i - 39100 bozen / bolzano phone : + 39 - 471 - 306111 fax : + 39 - 471 - 306199 = = = = = = = = = = = = social events = = = = = = = = = = = = informal get-together : an informal get-together will be held on wednesday evening , february 25 ( place will be communicated later to the workshop participants ) . workshop dinner : the workshop dinner will take place on thursday evening , february 26 , in a typical restaurant in the city center . tour """" tobogganing at the seiser alm """" : on friday afternoon , february 27 , we will organize a tour to the seiser alm , one of the most beautiful alpine pastures in south tyrol , where we have the chance of tobogganing . please , do n't forget warm clothes and heavy shoes ( we are walking in the snow ! ) . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = registration information = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = attending to the workshop ( including coffee breaks ) is free of charge , however , registration is required . only a limited number of participants will be allowed . travel , accommodation , meals and social activities are at the expense of the participant . on request , the accommodation can be organized by the european academy bozen / bolzano . if you are willing to participate , please contact the local organizer . registration deadline : monday , february 23 , 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = organizing committee = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = giovanni b . flores d ' arcais ( university of padova ) bernhard eccher ( university of innsbruck ) johann gamper ( european academy bozen / bolzano ) felix mayer ( european academy bozen / bolzano ) alberto m . mioni ( university of padova ) oskar putzer ( university of innsbruck ) harro stammerjohann ( european academy bozen / bolzano ) oliviero stock ( irst , trento ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = local organization = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = johann gamper european academy bozen / bolzano weggensteinstr . 12 / a 39100 bozen , italy phone : + 49 - 471 - 306114 fax : + 49 - 471 - 306199 jgamper @ eurac . edu for more information about the workshop , please contact the local organisation . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = johann gamper european academy bolzano / bozen phone : + 39 - 471 - 306114 research area """" language and law """" fax : + 39 - 471 - 306199 weggensteinstr . 12 / a email : jgamper @ eurac . edu 39100 bozen , italy www : http : / / www . eurac . edu
 "",0
 2284,""Subject: politeness theory
  
  call for papers politeness theory and language in the mass media this is a call for papers that explore linguistic politeness and social interaction in the mass media . in the introduction to the second edition of politeness , brown and levinson write , """" we believe we happen to have stumbled on an area where many orthogonal aspects of social life converge in a set of crucial preoccupations in social interaction . """" brown and levinson state that politeness is at the heart of those preoccupations . while there have been numerous studies of linguistic politeness since brown and levinson 's original paper , there has been little attention paid to politeness theory in discussions of language in the mass media . we believe that the mass media provide a unique yet ubiquitous arena through which to explore linguistic politeness because of the often ambiguous nature of social interaction in the mass media . it is our interest in the nature of social interaction in the mass media that provides the impetus for this book project . we also believe there is a need for theories of media discourse based on sociolinguistic perspectives . we are seeking original essays to include in a book volume that examines aspects of linguistic politeness based on data collected from the mass media . we would especially like to encourage submissions based on data from languages other than english . the intended audience of the book will be undergraduates , graduate students , and scholars in the areas of sociolinguistics , anthropological linguistics , linguistic pragmatics , ethnography of communication , sociology and communications . please forward an indication of interest and a one-page abstract of the proposed contribution by april 30 , 1998 to : prof . troi carleton 1200 holloway drive , department of english , san francisco state university , san francisco , ca 94132 , e-mail : troi @ sfsu . edu or prof . robin queen , english department , kent state university , kent , oh 44242-0001 , e-mail : rqueen @ kent . edu . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - robin m . queen english department kent state university kent , oh 44242-0001 tel : 330-672 - 2219
 "",0
 2285,""Subject: fasl 1998
  
  final call for papers : seventh annual workshop on formal approaches to slavic linguistics ( fasl ) conference dates : may 8-10 , 1998 , at the university of washington , seattle guest speakers : johanna nichols , """" slavic reflexivization in comparative perspective """" barbara partee , """" copula inversion puzzles in english and russian """" david pesetsky , """" lifestyles of the _ which _ and famous : how english is really bulgarian """" extended deadline for receipt of abstracts : february 25 , 1998 abstracts are invited for 20 - minute presentations on topics dealing with formal aspects of any area of theoretical slavic linguistics ( synchronic or diachronic ) , including syntax , semantics , morphology , phonology , discourse analysis , and psycholinguistics . presentations will be followed by a 10 - minute discussion period . send 6 copies of a one-page anonymous abstract to the postal address below . no e-mail submissions will be accepted . faxed submissions will be accepted only in emergency situations , and only if prior notice is sent by e-mail . please include one 3x5 card with : 1 ) title of paper 2 ) your name 3 ) address and affiliation 4 ) telephone and / or fax numbers 5 ) e-mail address mail to : fasl vii committee dept . of slavic languages and literature box 353580 university of washington seattle , washington 98195 usa questions ? e - mail : fasl7 @ u . washington . edu telephone : 206-543 - 6848 fax : 206-543 - 6009 persons interested in attending fasl vii are invited to register their e-mail and / or mailing addresses at the conference address above . e - mail is the preferred means of communication for all business except abstract submission . 1998 fasl website : http : / / darkwing . uoregon . edu / ~ russian / fasl . html
 "",0
 2286,""Subject: workshop on corpus - based terminology
  
  call for participation workshop on corpus - based terminology bozen / bolzano , february 26-28 , 1998 european academy bozen / bolzano patronage autonome provinz bozen = = = = = = = = = = = = = background = = = = = = = = = = = = = the motivation to organize this workshop is a project currently in the planning phase at the european academy bozen / bolzano . the main goal of the project is to elaborate a comprehensive italian / german terminology in the areas of law and administration for the use in south tyrol by extracting the term pairs from a representative corpus of relevant bilingual texts . a more detailed description can be found here : http : / / www . eurac . edu / fb1 / projects / catex . htm the objective of the workshop is to bring together leading researchers working on corpus-based terminology and to provide a forum of discussion of the state of the art in this area . the main focus will be on computational methods and technologies covering the following topics : t1 : encoding ( multilingual ) text corpora t2 : extraction of data / knowledge from text corpora ( translation equivalents , concept relations , . . . ) t3 : terminological data / knowledge representation = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = invited speakers = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = khurshid ahmad ( university of surrey , united kingdoms ) susan armstrong ( university of geneva , switzerland ) lynne bowker ( dublin city university school , ireland ) ido dagan ( bar ilan university , israel ) ulrich heid ( university of stuttgart , germany ) david hull ( xerox research centre europe , france ) nancy ide ( vassar college , new york ) christian jacquemin ( iut de nantes , france ) bernardo magnini ( irst , italy ) maria t . pazienza ( university of roma , italy ) jordi vivaldi palatresi ( university pompeu fabra , spain ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = preliminary programme = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the programme consists of talks given by 11 invited speakers and a pannel discussion about the catex project ; there will be plenty of time for discussions . a preliminary programme outline is given below : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - thursday , february 26 , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 . 30 - 8 . 45 registration 8 . 45 - 9 . 00 opening 9 . 00-10 . 00 general introduction into corpus - based terminology + some on t1 ( lynne bowker ) break 10 . 30-12 . 30 corpus encoding for linguistic research and term detection ( jordi vivaldi palatresi ) working with parallel corpora ( susan armstrong ) lunch 14 . 30-15 . 30 ( extraction of information from text corpora ) ( ulrich heid ) break 16 . 00-18 . 00 pannel discussion : the catex project ( werner aufschnaiter , johann gamper , felix mayer , francesco palermo ) 20 . 00 workshop dinner - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - friday , february 27 , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 . 00-10 . 00 recognition and acquisition : two interrelated activities in corpus - based term extraction ( christian jacquemin ) break 10 . 30-12 . 30 automatic terminology extraction and alignment from a parallel sentence - aligned bilingual corpus ( david hull ) bilingual word alignment and its use for productive lexicon construction ( ido dagan ) lunch 14 . 00-19 . 00 tour : tobogganing at the seiser alm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - saturday , february 28 , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 . 00-10 . 00 a domain specific terminology extraction system ( maria t . pazienza ) break 10 . 30-12 . 30 from terminologoy extraction to terminology representation ( khurshid ahmad ) use of a lexical knowledge base for information access systems ( bernardo magnini ) lunch 14 . 30-15 . 30 encoding linguistic corpora : encoding schemes and a data architecture for linguistic annotation ( nancy ide ) break 16 . 00 concluding remarks = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = conference address = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = european academy bozen / bolzano weggensteinstr . 12 / a i - 39100 bozen / bolzano phone : + 39 - 471 - 306111 fax : + 39 - 471 - 306199 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = social events = = = = = = = = = = = = = = informal get-together : an informal get-together will be held on wednesday evening , february 25 ( place will be communicated later to the workshop participants ) . workshop dinner : the workshop dinner will take place on thursday evening , february 26 , in a typical restaurant in the city center . tour """" tobogganing at the seiser alm """" : on friday afternoon , february 27 , we will organize a tour to the seiser alm , one of the most beautiful alpine pastures in south tyrol , where we have the chance of tobogganing . please , do n't forget warm clothes and heavy shoes ( we are walking in the snow ! ) . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = registration information = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = attending to the workshop ( including coffee breaks ) is free of charge , however , registration is required . only a limited number of participants will be allowed . travel , accommodation , meals and social activities are at the expense of the participant . on request , the accommodation can be organized by the european academy bozen / bolzano . if you are willing to participate , please contact the local organizer . registration deadline : monday , february 23 , 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = organizing committee = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = giovanni b . flores d ' arcais ( university of padova ) bernhard eccher ( university of innsbruck ) johann gamper ( european academy bozen / bolzano ) felix mayer ( european academy bozen / bolzano ) alberto m . mioni ( university of padova ) oskar putzer ( university of innsbruck ) harro stammerjohann ( european academy bozen / bolzano ) oliviero stock ( irst , trento ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = local organization = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = johann gamper european academy bozen / bolzano weggensteinstr . 12 / a 39100 bozen , italy phone : + 49 - 471 - 306114 fax : + 49 - 471 - 306199 jgamper @ eurac . edu for more information about the workshop , please contact the local organisation .
 "",0
 2287,""Subject: conference : second announcement : tai studies
  
  the international conference on tai studies july 29-31 , 1998 institute of language and culture for rural development mahidol university at salaya , thailand second announcement rationale the institute of language and culture for rural development , mahidol university is pleased to announce the first international conference on tai studies , to be held july 29-31 , 1998 in bangkok . the main objective of this conference is to provide an international forum for scholars from different countries to present and discuss various aspects of tai studies . the conference will feature papers on any of the tai and outliner groups residing outside thailand , namely , lao , black tai , lue , white tai , shan , ahom , dai , tay , tho , nung , zhuang , bouyei , ong - be , saek , kam ( dong ) , sui ( shui ) , maonan , mulam ( mulao ) , mak , then , ai - cham , lati , laqua , hlai , and gelao . topics will include : ( 1 ) languages and linguistics ; ( 2 ) folk wisdom and literature ; ( 3 ) belief , ritual , and religions ; ( 4 ) history ; ( 5 ) politics ; ( 6 ) economics and environment ; ( 7 ) ethno-cultural contact and exchange ; ( 8 ) architecture , arts , music , and handicrafts ; ( 9 ) archaeology ; and ( 10 ) others . language the language to be used in the conference will be english . registration fees the registration fee includes conference documents , lunch , refreshments . students non - students overseas local overseas local before and on june 1 , 98 us $ 100 1 , 500 baht us $ 120 2 , 500 baht after june 1 , 1998 us $ 120 2 , 000 baht us $ 150 3 , 000 baht payment by international draft ( cheque ) in us dollar only . please make check payable to """" mahidol university . """" venue royal river hotel , bangkok , thailand abstract and paper abstracts are invited for the conference . by may 1 , 1998 , please submit two copies of a one-page abstract . abstract must be typed , camera ready , and contain the following information : titile of abstract , author 's name , affiliation , content . papers to be distributed at the conference must be submitted before june 1 , 1998 . papers to be presented at tai studies i will be published in the tai studies i proceedings and will be available for a purchase after the conference . to ensure inclusion in the volume , submit a camera-ready copy of paper by november 1 , 1998 . presentation will be 20 minutes in length , with 10 minutes for questions . accomodation and travel information the information on accommodations and travel will be announced later . conference registration a conference registration form is available at : http : / / www . mahidol . ac . th / mahidol / lc / index . html corresponding address : chair of secretariat tai studies i institute of language and culture for rural development mahidol university , salaya nakornpathom 73170 , thailand tel : ( 662 ) 441-9327 , 441-9343 , 441-9514 ; fax ( 662 ) 441-0209 email : lcssm @ mahidol . ac . th web page : http : / / www . mahidol . ac . th / mahidol / lc / index . html tentative program wednesday , july 29th 8 . 30 - 9 . 30 registration 9 . 30-10 . 00 opening ceremony 10 . 00-10 . 15 a brief introduction to """" the studies of tai in china by the institute of language and culture for rural development """" prof . khunying suriya ratanakul 10 . 15-10 . 30 coffee break 10 . 30-11 . 30 keynote sppech : """" the language corridor : new data from vietnam """" prof . jerold a . edmondson ( university of texas at arlington ) master of ceremony : asst . prof . sukhumavadee khmahiran announcer : mr . vinya sysamouth 11 . 30-13 . 00 lunch 13 . 00-15 . 00 paper presentation 15 . 00-15 . 15 coffee break 15 . 15-16 . 30 paper presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . thursday , july 30th 9 . 00-10 . 45 plenary session i : """" current studies of tai outside thailand """" panel i : """" current studies of tai in laoms and china """" * """" an overview of tai studies outside thailand and current stdies of tai in laos """" assoc . prof . theraphan l . thongkum ( chulalongkorn university , bangkok ) * """" current studies of tai in pr china """" assoc . prof . pranee kullavanijaya ( chulalongkorn university ) prof . zhang gogjin and mr . zhou guoyan ( kam - tai institute , central university for nationalities , beijing ) moderator : assoc . prof . somsonge burusphat ( mahidol university , bangkok ) 10 . 45-11 . 00 coffee break 11 . 00-12 . 30 panel ii : """" current studies of tai in vietnam , myanmar and india """" * vietnam : assoc . prof . sumit pitiphat ( thammasat university , bangkok ) * myanmar : asst . prof . ratanaporn sethakul ( payap university , chiangmai ) * india : assoc . prof . wilaiwan khanittanan ( thammasat university , bangkok ) moderator : prof . chatthip nartsupha ( chulalongkorn university , bangkok ) announcer : ms . megan sinnott 12 . 30-13 . 30 lunch 13 . 30-15 . 00 paper presentation 15 . 00-15 . 15 coffee break 15 . 15-16 . 30 paper presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . friday , july 31th 9 . 00-10 . 45 plenary session ii , """" tai migration patterns in interdisciplinary perspective """" * linguistics : prof . jerold a . edmondson ( the university of texas at arlington ) * history and archaeology : assoc . prof . srisak vallibhotama ( silpakorn university , bangkok ) * physical anthropology : assoc . prof . samerchai phulsuwan ( thammasat university , bangkok ) * folklore : assoc . prof . siraporn na thalang moderator : ms . lakana daoratanahong ( mahidol university , bangkok ) announcer : ms . pattiya jimreivat 10 . 45-11 . 00 coffee break 11 . 00-12 . 00 * summation and floor discussion * closing ceremony master of ceremony : asst . prof . sukhumavadee khamhiran 12 . 30-13 . 30 farewell lunch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . end of the second announcement
 "",0
 2288,""Subject: call : ling approaches to lit
  
  call for papers modern language association division on linguistic approaches to literature 1998 mla convention , san francisco , december 27-30 the division will hold three sessions , on the following topic : linguistic approaches to the analysis of poetry , epecially poetic language and poetic form . topics might include prosody , sound symbolism , poetic language outside poetry , and poetry nterpretation informed by discourse analysis , pragmatics , relevance theory , etc . one session will focus on teaching linguistic approaches to poetry ; abstracts for this session should discuss a teaching strategy and / or a sample classroom analysis . please submit a 1 - 2 page abstract , preferably by e-mail , to derek attridge ( attridge @ rci . rutgers . edu ) department of english , rutgers university , 510 george street , new brunswick , nj 08901 . participants must be members of the mla by april 1 , 1998 . deadline : march 15 , 1998 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ derek attridge tel . 732 / 932-7674 department of english fax 732 / 932-1150 rutgers university e-mail : new brunswick , nj 08903 attridge @ rci . rutgers . edu _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
 "",0
 2289,""Subject: cfp : workshop """" intelligent information integration """" during ecai ' 98
  
  please forward this message to colleagues who might be interested . we apologise if you receive multiple copies . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers international and interdisciplinary workshop """" intelligent information integration """" http : / / www . tzi . org / grp / i3 / ws-ecai 98 25 august 1998 during the european conference on artificial intelligence ( ecai ' 98 ) , brighton centre , brighton , uk submission deadline : 27 march 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - technical description - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - due to intranets and internets , more and more information sources become technically available . these include knowledge bases , data bases , and semi-structured data ( e . g . html pages ) . an increasing number of users now either wishes to integrate these different information sources or to have a uniform view of these . as a consequence , the integration of heterogeneous information sources has become a field of investigation of growing importance . the schematic and semantic heterogeneity is one of the difficulties in the integration of heterogeneous knowledge and data bases . normally , the information in every information source is stored with regards to their users ' requirements ( e . g . an application ) , disregarding access from other sites or their integration . semantically similar information thus may be stored with different structures ( e . g . a name may be stored either as one string or as two strings split into first name and last name ) and different information representations ( e . g . ranking values can be represented either as numbers or as symbols ) . there are several distinct research and development areas explicitly or implicitly addressing semantic heterogeneity . most approaches reconcile the semantic conflict implicitly . federated databases , for example , integrate local databases into one ( virtual ) global database while at the same time preserving the autonomy of each local database . in loosely-coupled systems like multi-databases query languages are extended to access different information systems . however , they do not help the user with the heterogeneity problem . other groups want to exchange knowledge and data via standards ( e . g . kif , step , etc ) , but the different semantics of the standard and the information source have to be correlated . other approaches take the semantics of knowledge or data more closely into account and represent the semantics explicitly . in the darpa """" intelligent information integration """" initiative approaches are developed which represent the meaning in ontologies or meta data in contexts . the ontologies may be used to reconcile the conflicts or act as a global domain specification . however , there is still a great number of disciplines whose subtask is at least the integration of information . although each research and development community has its own view of the integration of information sources the basic problems concerning for example the semantic and schematic heterogeneity remain the same . it is an interesting aspect that different groups tackle the problem in different ways . it is the aim of this workshop to bring together these heterogeneous groups in order to create a forum where the participants can compare their individual approaches . theme - - - - the interdisciplinary workshop of """" intelligent information integration """" covers all topics related to the integration of heterogeneous data , information and knowledge sources . the workshop will bring together researchers , developers , and practitioners and discuss further research and development directions in intelligent integration of information . topics of interest include , but are not limited to : - wrappers and mediators - integration approaches using ontologies / contexts - design principles for ontologies used for integration - languages for information integration - advanced integration architectures - semantic , schematic , vocabulary , data heterogeneity - information sources in internet , intranet - classification schemes ( for mediators , semantic heterogeneity , etc . ) - tools for supporting information integration - reviews and evaluation of existing integration approaches - practical experience with integration approaches - theoretical perspectives of information integrations - ontology mapping , ontology algebras and context logic - intelligent information retrieval - security aspects - change management - federated databases and multi-databases - integration of uncertain or inaccurate sources submission procedure - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - authors are invited to submit original research contributions or experience reports in english . submitted papers must be unpublished and substantially different from papers under review . papers that have been or will be presented at small workshops / symposia whose proceedings are available only to the attendees may be submitted . papers should be double-spaced and no longer than 12 pages . as text formats only latex or microsoft word 6 . 0 ( or higher ) are accepted . papers should be sent electronically not later than march 27 . 1998 to holger wache < wache @ tzi . org > authors that cannot submit papers electronically should please send 5 hard-copies to the following address : holger wache bereich intelligente systeme technologie - zentrum informatik ( tzi ) - fb3 universitaet bremen postfach 330440 d-28334 bremen germany papers received after the deadline or not conforming to the submission format will be rejected without review . papers will be selected on the basis of review of full paper contributions . we propose to publish the contributions in public report series of university of bremen ( """" lila reihe """" ) and via www . the format guidelines for the final paper version will be published at this place . final camera-ready copies of accepted papers will be due by june 01 1998 . please note , we are preparing a special issue in a journal concerning the workshop topic . selected papers will be invited to contribute a revised and extended version in that special issue . important dates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - deadline for papers : march 27 , 1998 notification of acceptance : may 01 , 1998 camera - ready copies of papers : june 01 , 1998 workshop on ecai-98 : august 25 , 1998 organizing committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - this workshop will be organized by the following people : o oliver duschka o dieter fensel o maurizio lenzerini o marie - christine rousset o holger wache ( contact ) program committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - o franz baader ( rwth aachen , germany ) , o stefan conrad ( university of magdeburg , germany ) , o adam faquar ( stanford university , usa ) , o enrico franconi ( irst , italy ) , o james hendler ( university of maryland , usa ) , o manfred jeusfeld ( kub tilburg university , the netherlands ) , o craig a . knoblock ( university of southern california , usa ) , o alon y . levy ( university of washington , usa ) , o eduardo mena ( university of the basque country , spain ) , o robert meersman ( vrije universiteit brussel , belgium ) , o werner nutt ( hebrew university of jerusalem , israel ) , o mike papazoglou ( kub tilburg university , the netherlands ) , o john sowa ( binghamton university , usa )
 "",0
 2290,""Subject: wholes and their parts
  
  wholes and their parts ( w / p ) bolzano , maretsch castle , 17-19 june 1998 , italy * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * updates - - updates - - updates - - updates * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1 . the list of speakers includes bill lawvere , john bell , ieke moerdjik , colin mclarty , carlo cellucci , steve vickers , gonzalo reyes , john mayberry , niles eldredge , alberto peruzzi , roberto poli , ettore casari , alf zimmer , ron langacker , george lakoff , basil hiley . 2 . having received a number of requests for adding further talks to the conference 's programme , alberto and i decided to reorganize the schedule of the works as to find time for some short presentations of 20 ' each . scholars interested in giving a short presentation ( 20 ' ) should submit before march 31 an extended abstract ( < 5 , 000 words ) to the addresses below . notification will be mailed to the authors for april 15 . we are also ready to consider contributions to the volume of proceedings . information will be mailed to the interested scholars in due time . 3 . to keep you updated with more information on the conference this is the url for the w / p home page : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / imc . htm 4 . conference committee : alberto peruzzi : peruzzi @ dada . it roberto poli : poli @ risc1 . gelso . unitn . it * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * roberto poli department of sociology and social research 26 , verdi street 38100 trento - - italy tel . + + 39-461 - 881-403 fax : + + 39-461 - 881-348 e-mail : poli @ risc1 . gelso . unitn . it axiomathes : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / axiomathes . htm imc : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / imc . htm
 "",0
 2291,""Subject: coling - acl ' 98 workshops cfps
  
  below are two coling - acl ' 98 workshop calls for papers : - the computational treatment of nominals - usage of wordnet in natural language processing systems they are seperated by : call for papers coling - acl ' 98 workshop """" the computational treatment of nominals """" august 16 , 1998 universite de montreal montreal / canada http : / / www . cs . brandeis . edu / ~ federica / workshops / coling / call . html this workshop aims at bringing together researchers who are interested in the study of the computational properties of nominals and noun phrases . the focus is on representational questions as they relate directly to nlp requirements and applications . understanding the properties of the nominal system is extremely important since nouns and nominalizations are used extensively by both people and systems : searching and communicating with either a telegraphic or a more expressive language involves heavy use of nominal forms . a number of nlp applications , ranging from """" intelligent """" key-word search to text summarization and information extraction , among others , not only require some way of recognizing nominal forms , but also require at least a shallow understanding of the semantic information that nouns carry . it is therefore of great interest to consider what impact representing semantic knowledge at a finer level of granularity would have towards enhancing a system 's performance . submissions are invited on one or more of the following topics : * representation of nominals : o design of noun ontologies for use in lexical semantics and machine translation o ambiguity , polysemy , vagueness , and underspecification in the semantics of nominals o identifying the minimal requirements for lexical representations * representational issues in the acquisition of knowledge : o from corpora o from mrds o syntactic and morphological bootstrapping o semantic boostrapping ( role of prepositions , arguments , etc . ) * role of representations for the interpretation of nominals : o techniques for recovering implicit information in nominals o interpretation and generation of nominals in descriptions of events and abstract objects in discourse o recovering implicit semantic relations in nominal compounds o defining implicit semantic relations between nominalizations and the forms they are derived from organizing committee federica busa ( brandeis university ) inderjeet mani ( the mitre corporation ) patrick saint dizier ( irit , universite paul sabatier ) submission information * papers are invited that address any of the topics listed above . * maximum length is 8 pages ( single-spaced ) including figures and references . * please use a4 or us letter format and set margins so that the text lies within a rectangle of 6 . 5 x 9 inches ( 16 . 5 x 23 cm ) . * use classical fonts such as times roman or computer modern , 11 to 12 points for text , 14 to 16 points for headings and title . * latex users are encouraged to use the style file provided by coling-acl ' 98 : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / colaclsub . sty * authors should send 5 copies in either electronic ( postscript or latex ) or hard-copy format to : federica busa computer science department volen center for complex systems brandeis university waltham , massachusetts 02254 u . s . a . federica @ cs . brandeis . edu criteria for selection will include clarity , originality , relevance , and significance of results . important deadlines * deadline for submission : march 15th , 1998 * notification of authors : may 1st , 1998 * final versions due : june 1 , 1998 program committee * federica busa ( brandeis university ) * jean mark gawron ( sri international ) * bob ingria ( psyche systems corporation ) * beth levin ( northwestern university ) * inderjeet mani ( the mitre corporation ) * paul portner ( georgetown university ) * james pustejovsky ( brandeis university ) * patrick saint dizier ( irit , universit = c8 paul sabatier ) * antonio sanfilippo ( sharp laboratories of europe ) * evelyne viegas ( crl , new mexico state university ) * piek vossen ( university of amsterdam ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dr . inderjeet mani phone : 703-883 - 6149 principal scientist fax : 703-883 - 1379 the mitre corporation , w640 , 11493 sunset hills road , reston , virginia 22090 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . due to some construction problems one of the large machines here had to be shut down , therefore i had to change the url of the workshop to : http : / / www . ai . sri . com / ~ harabagi / coling-acl 98 / acl _ work / acl _ work . html sorry for the inconvenience , sanda harabagiu call for papers = = = coling - acl ' 98 workshop = = """" usage of wordnet in natural language processing systems """" august 16 , 1998 universite de montreal montreal , canada lexicons are indispensable resources for almost every natural language project . to date , wordnet 1 . 5 represents the largest publicly available on-line lexical resource , already used in various applications of the human language technology . systems performing word sense disambiguation , information extraction or retrieval , prepositional attachment , interpretation of nominalizations , textual summarization , coreference resolution , abductive reasoning conversational implicature , recognition of textual cohesion and coherence , intelligent internet searches and some of the digital libraries projects use wordnet . this workshop intends to bring together researchers that use wordnet in different systems and to focus on two particular issues : ( a ) how to customize the knowledge derived from wordnet for various nlp applications and ( b ) how to derive methods that infer semantic information using wordnet . the contributions might address one or more of the following questions : * what are the nlp applications for which wordnet is a valuable resource and how much effort was involved to integrate it in your systems ? * is wordnet used to build ad-hoc ontologies ? what are the applications that use wordnet - derived ontologies ? * how can wordnet be used to develop a word sense disambiguation algorithm of high performance ? * how to extend wordnet for identifying thematic roles and resolving verb polysemy ? * what minimal customization should be implemented to use wordnet for a large-scale abductive reasoning system ? * is wordnet a lexical knowledge base that can be easily used to adjust information extraction systems across domains ? * are the lexico-semantic relations from wordnet a valid base for developing an extended coreference task for information extraction , and what are the possible methodologies ? * how can wordnet be mined to find textual implied information and what is the degree of plausibility of the returned information ? * what are the approaches of using the extensive linguistic knowledge of wordnet to derive the discourse structure of a text ; can it be the only knowledge source and if not , what additional knowledge may be used ? * what is the current performance boost provided by wordnet in the systems using it ? could your systems perform without wordnet ? * what are the desirable features of wordnet for your system , and what would be the predicted performance increase when having them ? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ organizing committee the workshop is organized by sanda harabagiu ( sri international ) joyce yue chai ( duke university ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ home page : http : / / www . ai . sri . com / ~ harabagi / link _ paper / chpt / acl _ work . html _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ requirements for submission papers are invited that address any of the topics listed above . maximum length is 8 pages including figures and references . please use a4 or us letter format and set margins so that the text lies within a rectangle of 6 . 5 x 9 inches ( 16 . 5 x 23 cm ) . use classical fonts such as times roman or computer modern , 11 to 12 points for text , 14 to 16 points for headings and title . latex users are encouraged to use the style file provided by acl : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / colaclsub . sty papers can be submitted either electronically in postscript format , or as hardcopies . submissions should be sent to : sanda harabagiu sri international 333 ravenswood ave menlo park , ca 94025 u . s . a . ( ph ) ( 650 ) 859-3852 harabagi @ ai . sri . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ timetable deadline for electronic submissions : march 10 , 1998 deadline for hardcopy submissions : march 13 ( arrival date ) notification of acceptance : may 1 , 1998 final manuscripts due : june 12 , 1998 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ program committee alan biermann ( duke university ) joyce chai ( duke university ) martin chodorow ( new york university ) christiane fellbaum ( princeton university ) fernando gomez ( university of central florida ) ken haase ( mit ) sanda harabagiu ( sri international ) marti hearst ( university of california , berkeley ) graeme hirst ( university of toronto ) claudia leacock ( educational testing service ) mitch marcus ( university of pennsylvania ) george a . miller ( princeton university ) dan moldovan ( southern methodist university ) hwee tou ng ( dso national laboratories , singapore ) philip resnik ( university of maryland ) yorick wilks ( university of sheffield )
 "",0
 2292,""Subject: multilinguality workshop : cfp
  
  ecai98 second multilinguality in the lexicon workshop august 25th 1998 a workshop held as part of the 13th biennial european conference on artificial intelligence ( ecai-98 ) august 23rd - 28th , 1998 , brighton , uk organising committee : lynne cahill ( university of sussex ) susan armstrong ( issco ) pierette bouillon ( issco ) roger evans ( itri , university of brighton ) web site : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 / tw / w13 . html the 1st multilinguality in the lexicon workshop took place in april 1996 as part of the aisb workshop series at sussex , and brought together researchers with a wide range of experiences in multilingual lexicon development . in this second mll workshop , we invite papers illustrating progress made since the first meeting , as well as papers on new approaches and applications . as before , the workshop will provide an opportunity for people working on all aspects of multilingual lexicons , both theoretical and practical , to focus on the particular problems and questions associated with multilingual lexical representation . papers are invited on any aspects of multilinguality in the lexicon including but not limited to : pragmatics , semantics , syntax , morphology , phonology , orthography ; machine translation , generation , understanding ; bilingual and multilingual issues ; related and unrelated languages ; issues of representation and access . the workshop will run for one day as part of ecai-98 in brighton , uk . to ensure a workshop rather than mini-conference format , presented papers will be interspersed with substantial discussion sessions . in order to maximise participation , attendees not presenting papers ( and perhaps some who are ) may be asked to lead the discussion sessions . submission format : extended abstracts of not more than 6 pages ( a4 ) are invited . submissions should be either hard copy or ( preferebly ) electronic in self-contained latex or postscript files . submissions should include authors ' name , affiliation , email and full postal address and should be sent to : lynne cahill school of cognitive and computing sciences , university of sussex , falmer , brighton bn1 9qh , uk email : lynne . cahill @ cogs . susx . ac . uk important dates : 1 apr submission deadline 1 may notification of acceptance 1 jun deadline for final papers 25 aug workshop further information : to obtain further information about ecai-98 and the workshop please visit the ecai-98 web site at http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 /
 "",0
 2293,""Subject: modal verbs in germanic & romance languages
  
  call for papers international conference of the linguistic society of belgium modal verbs in germanic and romance languages 11 - 12 december 1998 university of antwerp - uia ( campus wilrijk ) organizers : patrick dendale ( universities of metz and antwerp ) and johan van der auwera ( universiteit antwerpen - uia ) send a one-page abstract to : patrick dendale university of antwerp ( uia ) romaanse universiteitsplein 1 b - 2610 wilrijk belgium deadline : august 15 , 1998 for further information contact patrick dendale johan van der auwera tel + 32 ( 0 ) 3 820 . 28 . 13 tel + 32 ( 0 ) 3 820 . 27 . 76 fax + 32 ( 0 ) 3 820 . 28 . 23 fax + 32 ( 0 ) 3 820 . 27 . 62 pdendale @ uia . ua . ac . be auwera @ uia . ua . ac . be
 "",0
 2294,""Subject: non - lexical semantics
  
  apologies for multiple copies final call for papers for the second conference on ( preferably ) non-lexical semantics the conference will be hosted by the university of paris 7 ( france ) , and will take place in may 28-30 , 1998 there will be three one hour talks by invited speakers ( e . zimmermann , s . tsohatzidis and x . ) and the rest of the talks will be contributed papers chosen by the program committee on selection basis . submissions of abstracts ( in english or in french ) for 30 - minute contributed talks ( with 10 additional minutes for discussion ) on any topic in the semantic analysis of natural languages , with strong preference for non-lexical semantics , are welcome . authors should submit 5 copies of ( so called """" anonymous """" ) abstracts , no more than two pages ( but not significantly less than 2 pages ) long . data allowing us to identify and contact the author ( or authors ) should be given separately . e - mail submissions will be accepted ( only when in latex , word or ps ) . in this case authors shoud send a title page with authors ' name , etc . in addition to the anonymous two page abstract . abstract deadline : march 17 , 1998 . send abstract to : conference de semantique c / o r . zuber universite paris 7 ufr linguistique case 7003 2 place jussieu 75251 paris cedex 05 , france the e-mail address to which the abstracts should be sent : rz @ ccr . jussieu . fr . this is also the e-mail address for inquiries . the program of the conference will be completed around the 17th of april at which time conference information will be made available . for organizational reasons we would like to be able to estimate the number of submissions and possible participants well in advance . for this reason we invite any person which would like to submit an abstract or to attend the conference to let us know as soon as possible ( by e-mail ) . program committee : r . zuber - chair ( cnrs , paris ) , f . corblin ( university of rennes ) , b . laca ( university of strasbourg ) , d . lacombe , ( university of paris 7 ) , f . recanati ( cnrs , paris ) , d . wilson ( crea , paris and university college , london )
 "",0
 2295,""Subject: medieval english language & linguistics
  
  xi international conference on medieval english language and linguistics ( selim ) : vigo ( spain ) , 24-26 sep 1998 ; more information , inscription , call for papers : selim98 @ uvigo . es ; http : / / www . uvigo . es / eventos / congresos / selim98 /
 "",0
 2296,""Subject: cfp : eamt ' 98 workshop , 2 - 3 april , geneva
  
  1998 eamt workshop geneva , 2 - 3 april 1998 translation technology : integration in the workflow environment translation technology is maturing , becoming an increasingly viable option for companies and organizations looking for ways to improve their multilingual document management capabilities . however , there are still many hurdles remaining before translation support software can be universally adopted within the professional translation environment . the eamt ' 98 workshop will be an ideal opportunity for translators , document managers , software localization engineers and linguists to learn more about translation technology , one of the most fascinating branches of the software world , and to discuss with others when to use the technology and when not . this workshop follows up two successful workshops in vienna in august 1996 and in copenhagen in may 1997 . its theme is the practical use and integration of machine translation and computer-based translation tools in the workflow of a variety of organisations . the two-day workshop will be held at the world health organization in geneva , starting at 9 . 30 on april 2 . the eamt ' 98 workshop will be the only international mt - specific event taking place this year in europe . the eamt organizing committee has adopted a structure designed to maximize the interactive exchange of practical knowledge among the participants . the workshop will include two discussion sessions when participants will have ample opportunity for group discussion , for questioning speakers more fully , and for finding out how these tools will help them in their own situations . please note : the 1998 general assembly of eamt will be held in the afternoon of april 2 , starting at 16 . 45 . preliminary programme ( changes may take place ) april 2 9 . 15 registration and coffee 10 . 00 welcome 10 . 15 dimitri theologitis ( cec ) : latest developments of euramis 10 . 55 susan mccormick ( sap ) on sapterm and otelo 11 . 35 lou cremers on oc \ 233 technologies 12 . 05 lunch 13 . 30 doris marty - albisser on translation workflow 14 . 10 maghi king ( issco ) on the workflow investigation for the eu . 14 . 50 ken garner on alpnet in europe 15 . 30 discussion 16 . 30 break 16 . 45 general assembly april 3 9 . 00 mikhael blekhman on pars systems 9 . 40 joerg schuetz ( iai ) on multidoc 10 . 15 break 10 . 45 pierre lewelle on who reference corpus development 11 . 40 monica beltrametti on xerox tools 12 . 20 lunch 13 . 30 discussion 15 . 00 end workshop venue world health organization main building , salle b , 3rd floor 20 avenue appia , ch-1211 geneva 27 registration eamt members will receive / will have received a preliminary program , a list of suggested hotels and a registration form . registration fees : standard registration : sfr 400 , eamt member : sfr 250 , student : sfr 150 further information questions related to local arrangements , contact : olivier pasteur , tel + 41 22 791 2317 , fax + 41 22 791 3995 , email pasteuro @ who . ch for queries related to the programme , contact : john hutchins , email wjhutchins @ compuserve . com for last-minute information about the eamt ' 98 workshop or general information regarding the eamt , contact : european association for machine translation ( eamt ) 54 route des acacias , ch-1227 carouge ( geneva ) , switzerland internet eamt @ cst . ku . dk www . lim . nl / eamt the european association for machine translation is a nonprofit association registered in switzerland . colin brace < cbrace @ lim . nl > amsterdam nl
 "",0
 2297,""Subject: bilingualism
  
  2nd international symposium on bilingualism 14-17 april , 1999 university of newcastle upon tyne , uk keynote speakers michael clyne ( monash ) francois grosjean ( neuchatel ) monica heller ( oise , toronto ) carol myers scotton ( south carolina ) colloquia 1 . cross - linguistic studies of language acquisition ( marilyn m . vihman : m . vihman @ bangor . ac . uk and ginny mueller gathercole : v . c . gathercole @ bangor . ac . uk ) 2 . bilingual cognitive processing ( david green : ucjtdg @ ucl . ac . uk ) 3 . input in bilingual acquisition ( annick de houwer : vhouwer @ uia . ua . ac . be and elizabeth lanza : elizabeth . lanza @ ilf . uio . no ) 4 . neurolinguistics and acquired communication disorders in bilinguals ( franco fabbro and nick miller : nicholas . miller @ ncl . ac . uk ) 5 . bilingualism in / and the deaf community ( clare gallaway : gallaway @ fs1 . ed . man . ac . uk ) 6 . grammar and codeswitching ( jeanine treffers - daller : j-treffersdaller @ wpg . uwe . ac . uk and ad backus : backus @ ling . ucsd . edu ) 7 . sociolinguistics of bilingual interaction ( ben rampton : ben . rampton @ tvu . ac . uk , mukul saxena : m . saxena @ ucrysj . ac . uk and li wei : li . wei @ ncl . ac . uk ) 8 . trilingualism and trilinguals ( charlotte hoffman : c . hoffman @ mod . lang . salford . ac . uk ) round - table issues of identification and intervention in speech therapy services for the bilingual population ( chair : deirdre martin : martinm @ edusrv1 . bham . ac . uk ) invitation to participants submissions are invited for oral or poster presentations , on all aspects of bilingualism . papers which are based on empirical research and which seek to forge new links between established fields ( e . g . linguistics , psychology , speech & language pathology , sociology , and education ) or to develop new sub-fields are particularly welcome . contributors to the colloquia and round-table should contact the organisers informally as indicated above . all submissions will be peer-reviewed , anonymously , and selected on the grounds of originality , clarity , and significance of findings and conclusions . submission of abstracts each submission should include : 1 ) a cover sheet containing ( a ) the author ( s ) name ( s ) ; ( b ) address ( including telephone number , e-mail and fax , if available ) ; ( c ) affiliation ; ( d ) the title of the presentation ; ( e ) the category of the submission ( oral presentation at parallel session or poster presentation ) ; and ( f ) equipment required for presentation ; and 2 ) three copies of an abstract of no more than 500 words . only hard-copies are considered ( no e-mails pleases ) . abstracts should be sent , by 31 august , 1998 , to : mrs gillian cavagan , isb organising committee , department of speech , university of newcastle upon tyne , ne1 7ru , uk , fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 191 222 6518 , from whom further details may also be obatined ( e - mail : gillian . cavagan @ newcastle . ac . uk ) . for further details and registration forms , please see : http : / / www . ncl . ac / ~ nspeech
 "",0
 2298,""Subject: linguistics colloquium - - spring 98
  
  call for papers 1998 spring linguistics colloquium the university of north carolina at chapel hill saturday , march 21 , 1998 guest speaker : ivan sag , stanford university papers on any aspect of the study of language will be considered . please submit an abstract of your paper and include any other relevant information , such as a need for audio-visual equipment or special scheduling considerations . presentations will be limited to 30 minutes including discussion . deadline for submission of abstracts is friday , february 27 , 1998 . please submit abstracts to : 1998 spring linguistics colloquium 318 dey hall , cb # 3155 the university of north carolina at chapel hill chapel hill , nc 27599 email inquiries may be sent to hcb @ email . unc . edu
 "",0
 2299,""Subject: ecology of language acquisition
  
  ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ecology of language acquisition international research workshop university of amsterdam , netherlands 11 - 15 january 1999 * * * * * * * * first announcement * * * * * * * * this workshop re-examines certain assumptions implicit in much language acquisition research to date , such as the primacy of the one-speaker - one-hearer interaction ; the predominance of verbal over prosodic and paralinguistic dimensions of talk ; a static interpretation of """" context """" and participant roles ; and the presupposition of a monolingual / monocultural social matrix . the focus of the meeting is thus the complexity of circumstances in which the language acquirer operates , addressed in such questions as : * how should discourse-analytic and anthropological descriptions of communicative interaction be integrated to account not only for """" conversation """" , multi-party and ritual talk , but also man-machine interaction and forms of virtual participation in the networks of cyberspace ? * how should the notion of """" shared context """" be extended to capture the floor shifts and on-line construction of meaning that take place over the progress of an unfolding discourse ? * how can theories of acquisition be made more sensitive to complex linguistic and sociocultural environments that are to varying degrees plural , mixed , and in flux ? the intention is to bring together people and paradigms from l1 and l2 acquisition research with the aim of exploring from an empirical base how the multiple contexts of language acquisition are interrelated , and how , with ecosystemic validity , such interrelations may be theoretically modelled . participation although we are obliged to limit """" real """" participation to 30 people , we are making provision for a form of remote partial participation via e-mail ( with possible audio links ) . further details will follow in future announcements . meanwhile , if you think you will be interested in participating in either capacity , it would help our planning to send us an e-mail message to this effect . in the programme there will be room for some 12 papers , thematically grouped , with keynote speakers . if you would like to propose a paper , please send in an abstract ( maximum 300 words ) by e-mail before 15 april to : e-mail : ecolang @ hum . uva . nl ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ web page : http : / / www . let . uva . nl / ~ ecolang ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this workshop is being organized by jet van dam , jonathan leather and anne bannink ( faculty of humanities , university of amsterdam )
 "",0
 2300,""Subject: talc98 : second call for proposals
  
  * - * - * - * - * - * - * t a l c 98 * - * - * - * - * - * - * teaching and language corpora 1998 keble college , oxford , 24 - 27 july 1998 second call for proposals * note extended deadline * the use of large computer-held corpora of real language , no longer novel in linguistic research , is increasingly a focus of attention for language teachers . experiments in data driven learning and corpus-based methods are beginning to bear fruit in a wide range of language teaching environments . this international conference will bring together practitioners and theorists with a common interest in the usability of corpus data for such purposes as : * language teaching and learning * student-centred learning and investigation * cross-linguistic comparison * cultural and historical studies following the highly successful talc94 and talc96 conferences at lancaster university , talc98 invites proposals for position papers , reports of work in progress , case-histories of successful corpus applications , and introductions to relevant new resources . the programme will include plenary lectures from professor jean aitchison ( oxford ) and from jeremy clear ( cobuild ) . other speakers will include : guy aston ( bologna ) ; lou burnard ( oxford ) ; prof michael hoey ( liverpool ) ; knut hofland ( bergen ) ; bernhard kettemann ( graz ) ; tony mcenery ( lancaster ) ; chris tribble ( warsaw ) . for further details , please read the conference web site at http : / / users . ox . ac . uk / ~ talc98 / , or send enquiries by email to talc98 @ oucs . ox . ac . uk . timetable abstracts ( 500 - 1000 words ) should be submitted to arrive by 20 march 1998 . all proposals will be reviewed . authors of accepted papers will be notified by 10 april 1998 . the programme will be finalised during may 1998 . full papers ( up to 5000 words ) must be received by 1 june for inclusion in the conference pre-print volume . the conference will run from lunchtime on friday 24 july to lunchtime on monday july 27th , with a single strand of presentations . there will be a book and software exhibit in parallel . venue and cost keble college is located in the heart of oxford , one of the most beautiful university cities in europe , which is easily accessible by road , rail , or air from most major cities . all delegates will be accomodated in modern fully-equipped study-bedrooms within a few minutes walk of the conference centre and all facilities . a single fee of approximately 350 pounds will be charged , covering meals and accomodation , registration , proceedings , and social events for the whole conference . how to submit a proposal proposals for papers should include the following * authors full name and affiliation * title of proposal * contact details ( email , url , phone , fax , postal ) * 500 to 1000 words description of the proposed presentation proposals may be sent via the web page at http : / / users . ox . ac . uk / ~ talc98 / proposals . html or by email , fax , or post , using the form below - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - reminder : the closing date for applications is now 20 march 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * talc98 proposal * * * * * * * * * * * name : affiliation : title of proposal : email : url : telephone : fax : contact address : abstract ( 500 to 1000 words ) : please return completed forms to talc98 , humanities computing unit , 13 banbury rd , oxford ox2 6nn , uk email : talc98 @ oucs . ox . ac . uk fax : + 44 1865 273 275
 "",0
 2301,""Subject: iatl 14 : final cfp
  
  the 14th annual meeting - - - israeli association for theoretical linguistics iatl 14 june 8 - 9 1998 ben gurion university , beer sheva invited speakers : nina hyams ( ucla ) guglielmo cinque ( university of venice ) iatl 14 , the 14th annual meeting of the israeli association for theoretical linguistics , will be held in ben gurion university , beer sheva , on june 8 - 9 1998 . submissions are invited for papers presenting high quality , previously unpublished research in all areas of theoretical linguistics . please send 7 copies of an anonymous abstract ( maximum length 2 pages ) accompanied by a card with author 's name , affiliation , e / snail-mail , and title of paper to : iatl 14 linguistics programme , department of english , the hebrew university , jerusalem 91905 israel . deadline : march 1 , 1998 . not more than one single-authored abstract per person , plus one co-authored abstract . further information : msjihad @ pluto . mscc . huji . ac . il
 "",0
 2302,""Subject: glow ' 98 - - ' phonological opacity ' and ' agreement systems '
  
  glow celebrates its 20th anniversary with the 21st glow colloquim hosted by linguistics at tilburg university ( kub ) in the netherland , april 15-17 , 1998 , followed by two simultaneous workshops , """" phonological opacity """" and """" agreement systems """" on april 18 . the programs are given below . for complete information on attending the conference , as well as hotel booking and pre-registration forms , see our web site at http : / / cwis . kub . nl / ~ fdl / research / gm / glow / glow98 / if you do not have web access , send an e - mail to glow ' 98 , c / o conchita . barbe @ kub . nl or write : glow ` 98 c / o linguistics dept . tilburg university p . o . b . 90153 nl-5000 - le tilburg , the netherlands we can also be contacted by fax + 31-13 - 4663110 and phone 31-13 - 4662773 . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = glow ' 98 : program for main session wednesday , april 15 9 : 00 l ' ia nash & alain rouveret """" feature fission and the syntax of argument dps and clitics """" 10 : 30 marc van oostendorp """" phonological feature domains and the content of epenthetic vowels """" 11 : 30 keren rice & trisha causley """" asymmetries in featural markedness : place of articulation """" 14 : 00 marcel den dikken & rint sybesma """" take serials light up the middle """" 15 : 00 maya arad """" stativity , eventiveness , agentivity : object experiencers revisited """" 16 : 30 paolo acquaviva """" uniform lexicalization : deriving spell-out without [ + / - strong ] features """" 17 : 30 gereon mueller """" feature strengthening """" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ thursday , april 16 9 : 00 rose - marie dechaine & mireille tremblay """" on category features """" 10 : 30 anna - maria di sciullo """" features and asymmetrical relations in morphological objects """" 11 : 30 elizabeth ritter & heidi harley """" meaning in morphology : a feature-geometric analysis of person and number """" 14 : 00 artemis alexiadou & elena anagnostopoulou """" restrictions on argument placement : adjacency on case - assignment and an ambiguity with attract f """" 15 : 00 javier ormazabal & juan romero """" attract - f : a case against case """" 16 : 30 m . rita manzini & leonardo m . savoia """" object inflection """" 17 : 30 business meeting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ friday , april 17 9 : 00 hamida demirdache & myriam uribe - etxebarria """" on the projection of temporal structure in natural languages """" 10 : 30 richard campbell """" case features , pro , and definiteness effects """" 11 : 30 ana maria martins """" on the need of underspecified features in syntax : polarity as a case study """" 14 : 00 jairo nunes & eduardo raposo """" portuguese inflected infinitivals and the configurations for feature checking """" 15 : 00 ricardo etxepare """" paratactic dependencies and covert merge """" 16 : 30 gorka elordieta """" the phonological import of syntactic features """" 17 : 30 jonathan david bobaljik """" the autonomy of syntax and the typology of movement """" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ alternates , syntax : 1 . danny fox : """" successive cyclicity : evidence from reconstruction and antecedent contained deletion """" 2 . chung - hye han : """" cross - linguistic variation in the compatibility between negation and imperatives """" 3 . eric haeberli : """" features , categories and checking """" alternates , phonology : 1 . g . l . piggott : """" on features as attributes of prosodic categories """" 2 . harry van der hulst & nancy ritter : """" minimalism at a micro-level : primitives of phonological structure """" = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = glow ' 98 : program for the phonology workshop saturday , april 18 9 : 00 david odden """" cyclicity and counterfeeding in kimatuumbi """" 10 : 30 marc van oostendorp """" non - derivational opacity in allomorph selection """" 11 : 30 ronald sprouse """" enriched input sets as a source of opacity in ot """" 14 : 00 orhan orgun ( invited speaker ) """" phonological opacity and synchronically arbitrary alternations : what two-level phonology can contribute to ot """" 15 : 00 ania lubowicz """" derived environment effects in ot """" 16 : 30 william idsardi """" opacity , sympathy and derivations """" 17 : 30 morris halle ( invited speaker ) """" english stress , 1968-1998 """" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ alternates : 1 . mary bradshaw : """" opacity of penult tone contrast in siswati verbs """" 2 . randall rose : """" redundancy in optimality theory : the place of scanning in a constraint-based approach """" = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = glow ' 98 : program for the syntax workshop saturday , april 18 9 : 00 m . rita manzini & m . l . savoia """" subject - verb and expletive-associate agreement """" 10 : 30 oystein alexander vangsnes """" the role of gender agreement in scandinavian : a study of possessive constructions in four swedish dialects """" 11 : 30 greville corbett ( invited speaker ) """" agreement systems : feature mismatches and the pervasiveness of agreement choices """" 14 : 00 m . teresa guasti & luigi rizzi """" non - agreeing do in child english and the expression of agr """" 15 : 00 henry davis """" person splits , phi - features and temporal architecture """" 16 : 30 lynn nichols """" agreement and locality in lexical structure """" 17 : 30 maria bittner ( invited speaker ) """" on agreement and definiteness """" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ alternates : 1 . josef bayer & alexander grosu : """" agreement as a licensing and blocking factor : towards a solution of an apparent paradox """" 2 . ileana paul : """" exceptional agreement in malagasy """"
 "",0
 2303,""Subject: language maintenance and loss
  
  third international conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands november 26 - november 27 , 1998 call for papers and registration introduction in line with the two previous international conferences on maintenance and loss of minority languages ( noordwijkerhout , the netherlands ; 1988 and 1992 ) , the aim of this conference is to bring together recent developments from various disciplines . the ambition of this third conference is to offer a major contribution to a theoretical discussion on the determinants of language shift and language loss , supported by the exchange of new research data . while the two preceding conferences concentrated mainly on the questions ` what is lost of the language ? ' ( structural-linguistic aspects ) and ` why does shift occur ? ' ( sociological and social-psychological explanatory factors ) , the veldhoven conference will focus on two questions ; ` why does shift occur ? ' and ` how is a language lost ? ' , i . e . , what are the psycholinguistic processes involved in language loss ? emphasis will be on the interaction between the process of transferring from the first to the second language and the gradual decline of skills in the first language , at the individual and group levels . the conference takes place on two consecutive days . plenary speakers are invited to make inspiring and thought-provoking remarks on the two conference themes outlined above , as well as on the broader theoretical framework . together with the contributions of the free paper presenters , the interaction between plenary speakers and participants forms the input for workshops and a round table discussion on the development of an integrated theoretical framework . this framework can then serve as a renewed starting point for continued research into language shift and loss in the new millennium . the organizing committee is also open to contributions from disciplines that have recently entered or touched upon the field and may shed a new light on the language change processes involved . the organizing committee will determine the best manner in which the results of the conference can be published . programme the conference will consist of three sections . the first section addresses the sociological and social-psychological explanatory context in which language shift processes take place . the second section deals with language attrition from a psycholinguistic perspective , and the third is fully devoted to the building of an integrated explanatory framework for processes of language shift and loss . in memory of willem fase , one of the initiators of the first and second conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages , who died in 1997 , a new forum called the willem fase lecture has been set up . this plenary lecture forum will be granted to a promising scholar , to be selected from the abstracts submitted . thursday , november 26 , 1998 section i : language shift from a sociological and social-psychological perspective 08 . 30-09 . 30 registration at koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands tea / coffee 09 . 30-10 . 00 conference opening 10 . 00-11 . 00 plenary session : lesley milroy 11 . 00-12 . 00 plenary session : richard bourhis 12 . 00-13 . 00 lunch 13 . 00-13 . 45 parallel sessions of free papers 13 . 45-14 . 30 parallel sessions 14 . 30-15 . 15 parallel sessions 15 . 15-15 . 30 closing session of section i 15 . 30-16 . 00 tea / coffee section ii : language loss from a psycholinguistic perspective 16 . 00-17 . 00 plenary session : kees de bot 17 . 00-17 . 45 parallel sessions 17 . 45-18 . 30 parallel sessions 19 . 00-20 . 30 dinner friday , november 27 , 1998 section ii continued : language loss from a psycholinguistic perspective 08 . 30-09 . 30 plenary session : joel walters 09 . 30-10 . 15 parallel sessions 10 . 15-10 . 30 closing session of section ii 10 . 30-11 . 00 tea / coffee 11 . 00-12 . 00 plenary session : willem fase lecture 12 . 00-13 . 00 lunch section iii : towards an integrated explanatory framework for processes of language shift and loss 13 . 00-15 . 00 preparatory workshops 15 . 00-15 . 30 tea / coffee 15 . 30-17 . 00 round table chaired by michael clyne 17 . 00-17 . 30 closing session of conference general information conference secretariat tilburg university research group on language and minorities c / o heleen strating - keurentjes p . o . box 90153 nl-5000 le tilburg tel + 31 13 4662588 fax + 31 13 4663110 e - mail language . loss . 98 @ kub . nl organizing committee - dr . ton ammerlaan , arnhem school of business - madeleine hulsen , university of nijmegen - dr . jetske klatter - folmer , tilburg university - heleen strating - keurentjes , tilburg university - piet van avermaet , university of leuven - dr . kutlay yagmur , tilburg university scientific committee - prof . kees de bot , university of nijmegen - prof . michael clyne , monash university , melbourne - prof . joshua fishman , stanford university , california / yeshiva university , new york - prof . koen jaspaert , university of leuven - dr . sjaak kroon , tilburg university location the conference will be held at koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands . this modern conference center is situated in forested areas , only fifteen minutes from the city of eindhoven and eindhoven airport . all rooms have a shower , toilet , television and telephone . koningshof offers a wide range of indoor and outdoor sports and leisure facilities , including a swimming pool , sauna , fitness club and squash court . registration and fees for registration , all participants ( including authors of submitted abstracts of papers ) are requested to mail the attached registration form before august 1 , 1998 . the registration fees are : dfl 410 conference programme and full board , before july 1 , 1998 . dfl 460 conference programme and full board , after july 1 , 1998 . dfl 235 conference programme , before july 1 , 1998 . dfl 285 conference programme , after july 1 , 1998 . please add an additional dfl 10 to cover international transfer charges if subscribing from abroad . the fee for the programme covers the conference fee , lunches on thursday and friday , tea / coffee during breaks , and the foreseen conference publication . the fee for full board additionally covers a single-room accommodation for one night including breakfast at koningshof conference center on thursday / friday as well as dinner on thursday . you will receive confirmation of registration , and the final programme at the end of august , 1998 . those who arrive earlier or wish to stay longer must take care of further accommodations themselves . they can contact the conference secretariat . payment of fees all payments should reach us either before june 15 , 1998 or ultimately by august 1 , 1998 ( see registration and fees ) . fees should be paid in dutch guilders to : kub / flw , account number 2386602 , mentioning ' code 1 . 8210 . w334 ' . cancellations the conference secretariat should be notified of cancellations in writing . if cancellations are received before august 1 , 1998 all fees , minus a cancellation charge of 25 % will be refunded . if cancelled after august 1 , but before september 1 , 1998 the cancellation charge will be 50 % . no refunds will be made for cancellations received later than september 1 , 1998 . submission of papers all those intending to present a paper in the free paper parallel sessions are requested to submit a one-page abstract before april 15 , 1998 . abstracts are for 35 - minute papers ( plus 10 minutes for discussion ) . please send three double-spaced copies of the abstract , of which two should be without any identification of author or affiliation , and the third should include your name , affiliation , postal address , e-mail , fax and phone number . you are also asked to include a diskette containing the abstract ( preferably in word perfect 5 . 1 or higher ) . please state at the top of each copy for which section of the conference the abstract is intended ( section i or ii ) . english will be the official language and the preferred language for the presentation of papers . notification of acceptance of the paper will be sent before june 1 , 1998 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration form third international conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages , koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands , november 26 - november 27 , 1998 . please fill out completely and return to the conference secretariat before july 1 , or ultimately before august 1 , 1998 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ o male / o female name , initials : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . first name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . institution : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mailing address : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tel . / fax : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e - mail : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please register me for : o conference programme and full board , before july 1 , 1998 . dfl 410 o conference programme and full board , after july 1 , 1998 . dfl 460 o conference programme , before july 1 , 1998 . dfl 235 o conference programme , after july 1 , 1998 . dfl 285 i hereby confirm that the fees have been remitted to the kub / flw account ( see \ 171payment of fees \ 187 ) . special requests or requirements : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . place / date : signature :
 "",0
 2304,""Subject: generative grammar
  
  the 8th colloquium on generative grammar will be held in palmela , portugal , from april 19 until 22 . enclosed is the program and information concerning accommodation and registration . 8th colloquium on generative grammar palmela , 19-22 april 1998 program april 19 17 . 00 - registration 18 . 30 - invited speaker anna maria di sciullo ( uqam ) local asymmetries in romance , morphological paradigms and morphological objects 20 . 30 - dinner party at the castle april 20 9 . 00 - spanish indefinites in a type - driven logical form javier guti \ 233rrez - rexach ( ohio state university ) 9 . 40 - two types of cognate objects asya pereltsvaig ( mcgill university ) 10 . 20 - some remarks on nominal features juan romero ( uam ) coffee 11 . 20 - contrast dialectal i escales articulat \ 242ries : la sonoritzaci \ 243 d ' obstruents en catal \ 224 jes \ 250s jim \ 233nez martinez ( univ . of valencia ) 12 . 00 - between syntax and phonology : phrasal weight effects in european portuguese . marina vig \ 225rio and s \ 243nia frota ( univ . minho & univ . lisbon ) 12 . 40 - the analysis of stress within ot : constraints , ranking and correspondence theory . teresa vallverd \ 250 alboru \ 224 ( uab ) lunch 14 . 00 - paratactic dependencies and covert merge ricardo etxeparre ( l . e . i . a . / c . u . s ) 14 . 40 - the reflexive / medio-passive merger : diachronic syntax under minimalist assumptions . mark hale and madelyn kissock ( concordia univ . ; oakland univ . ) 15 . 20 - restructuring control susi wurmbrand ( mit ) tea 16 . 20 - post - verbal subjects with unaccusative verbs and passive forms , case assignment and definiteness restriction . ana maria brito ( univ . porto ) 17 . 00 - some remarks on denominal verbs silvia gumiel , norberto moreno , isabel p \ 233rez and juan romero ( ortega y gasset ) 17 . 40 - towards deriving the epp and abstract case eric haeberli ( univ . of geneva ) april 21 9 . 00 - soft constraints vs parameters in the analysis of discourse - configurationality joao costa ( hil / leiden univ . & univ . of lisbon ) 9 . 40 - what merge and move can or can't do luis l \ 243pez ( univ . of missouri ) 10 . 20 - focus and economy in scrambling languages natalia kondrashova ( cornell university ) coffee 11 . 20 - vowel quality and prosodic structure in brazilian portuguese ruben van de vijver ( tuebingen university ) 12 . 00 - dominancia del troqueo valenciano teresa cabr \ 233 monn \ 233 ( uab ) 12 . 40 - raddoppiamento sintattico as an epiphenomenon young - mee yu cho ( rutgers university ) lunch 14 . 00 - rhythmic differences between brazilian and european portuguese : evidence from rhythm implementation and the pf interface . maria bernadete abaurre & charlotte galves ( unicamp ) 14 . 40 - case splits , animacy and burzio 's generalization diane nelson ( leeds univ ) 15 . 20 - minimalism , antisymmetry and the dynamics of morphological strength frank drijkoningen ( ots / utrecht university ) tea 16 . 20 - movement across """" de """" virginia motapanyane ( univ . of new brunswick ) 17 . 00 - conflation processes revisited jaume mateu i fontanals ( uab ) 17 . 40 - nominale senza articolo e lingue germaniche paola crisma ( padova univ ) april 22 9 . 00 - unaccusativity mismatches in greek artemis alexiadou & elena anagnastopoulou ( potsdam university & mit ) 9 . 40 - two sources for relative clause formation in brazilian portuguese mary kato & jairo nunes ( unicamp ) 10 . 20 - on dative arguments and shortest move beatriz fernandez fernandez ( univ . basque country ) 11 . 00 - subjunctive free relatives and free choice descriptions josep quer ( ots / utrecht univ ) coffee 12 . 15 - invited speaker : heles contreras ( univ . washington , seattle ) negation in english and spanish alternates : syntax : conditions on optional movement - kumiko ikeda ( univ . arkansas ) the syntax of argument structure and """" entre """" - phrases revisited - linda escobar ( madrid ) negative concord in simple sentences - eva berkes ( univ . complutense madrid ) feature strength and pied - piping - norvin richards ( mit ) phonology : inherent vs . prosodic features in sign language phonology - diana brentari ( purdue univ ) palmela how to get to palmela : on sunday 19th , there will be a bus leaving from lisbon airport to the conference site , castle of palmela , at 16 . 00 . may you not want to take the bus , please follow the directions below : by car : from lisbon airport , go to a2 , direction set \ 250bal ( south ) . take the exit at palmela and follow the directions to palmela and to the castle . by bus : from lisbon airport , take a taxi to pra \ 231a de espanha . take the bus to set \ 250bal - end stop ( bus station ) . there , take a bus to palmela . get off at the stop in palmela , and walk or take a taxi to the castle . fees and lodging the colloquium fees is pte 7 500 $ 00 ( about us $ 42 ) , from which the participants presenting talks are exempted . the organising committee is trying to raise funds to give grants to such participants . the colloquium will take place in pousada de palmela , located in a castle which once belonged to the military order of santiago , about 40 kms away from lisbon . as the pousada only has 25 rooms available , participants wishing to be lodged there are strongly recommended to make an early booking . alternative lodging will be available in a hotel in set \ 250bal , about 7 kms away from the pousada ; the organising committee will provide transportation between set \ 250bal and the pousada in the morning and late in the afternoon . participants wishing to book their accommodation and meals through the organising committee may choose one of the following packages : package 1 : lodging in a double room and breakfast at the pousada de palmela ( 19-20 , 20-21 , 21-22 ) + dinner ( 19 ) + lunches ( 20 , 21 ) + coffee - break ( 5 ) + registration fee = pte 46 500 $ 00 package 2 : lodging in a single room and breakfast at the pousada de palmela ( 19-20 , 20-21 , 21-22 ) + dinner ( 19 ) + lunches ( 20 , 21 ) + coffee - break ( 5 ) + registration = pte 74 000 $ 00 package 3 : lodging in a double room and breakfast at the albergaria laitau , set \ 250bal ( 19-20 , 20-21 , 21-22 ) + dinner ( 19 ) + lunches ( 20 , 21 ) + coffee - break ( 5 ) + registration fee = pte 32 500 $ 00 package 4 : lodging in a single room and breakfast at the albergaria laitau , set \ 250bal ( 19-20 , 20-21 , 21-22 ) + dinner ( 19 ) + lunches ( 20 , 21 ) + coffee - break ( 5 ) + registration fee = pte 42 500 $ 00 package 5 : dinner ( 19 ) + lunches ( 20 , 21 ) + coffee - break ( 5 ) + registration fee = pte 22 500 $ 00 colloquium secretariat all mail should be sent to : 1 . gabriela matos dlgr , faculdade de letras da universidade de lisboa alameda da universidade 1699 lisboa codex portugal fax : 351 - 1-7960063 or 2 . manuela . ambar @ fl . ul . pt
 "",0
 2305,""Subject: sociolinguistics symposium
  
  reminder : you can still register ( at the standard rate of 140 pounds sterling until february 28 , thereafter 160 pounds ) for ' ss12 ' - the 12th ( uk ) sociolinguistics symposium . this is the sociolympics - at least on the european side of the atlantic ! ' ss12 ' will be held at the institute of education university of london 20 bedford way london wc1h oal uk from thursday 26th march ( mid-day ) to saturday 28th march ( mid-day ) 1998 programme plenaries colloquia papers in parallel sessions short ' work in progress ' reports poster presentations publishers displays social events british sign language interpretation available to participants who request this in advance . academic organising committee professor jenny cheshire , queen mary & westfield college , university of london ; professor jennifer coates , roehampton institute london ; dr penelope gardner - chloros , birkbeck college , university of london ; dr ben rampton & celia roberts , thames valley university ; euan reid , institute of education , university of london . ; professor brian street , king 's college , university of london . plenaries professor jan blommaert ( university of antwerp / international pragmatics association ) : reconstructing the sociolinguistic image of africa : grassroots writing in shaba , congo . professor debbie cameron ( university of strathclyde , glasgow ) , good to talk ? the discourse and practice of communication skills . professor penny eckert ( stanford university ) variation , style & identity . professor susan gal ( university of chicago ) language ideologies and linguistic boundaries : the semiotics of differentiation . colloquia 1 . speech representation & institutional discourse convenors : stef slembrouck , dept of english , university of gent , belgium & mike baynham , centre for language & literacy , university of technology , sydney this colloquium aims to bring together concerns with institutional discourse and an interest in discourse representation phenomena ( ' reported speech ' ) . its focus will be on how institutional members ( clients , professionals and novices ) represent , incorporate and appropriate the discourses ( ' voices ' ) of ' the other ' in their own discourse . this theme is intended to reflect the growing body of research into practices of discourse representation in a range of sites ( media , legal , educational , social work ) . in these sites , such practices are often constitutive of institutional processes and affect institutional outcomes . the colloquium theme also ties in with the current interest ( within pragmatics , discourse analysis , etc . ) in re-contextualisation and processes of ( re ) formulation . contributors include : malcolm coulthard , janet maybin , geert jacobs , titus ensink , greg myers , graham hall , srikant sarangi & akira satoh , 2 . constructing the university : problematizing the notion of language in academic discourse . convenors : carys jones & brian street , school of education , king 's college , university of london the aim of this colloquium is to explore issues surrounding academic literacies and the genre of faculty feedback , with particular reference to british and international students in higher education . rather than focus on study skills or academic socialisation , the dominant discourses in this field , the session will address from a number of perspectives the model of academic literacies and discourses , which problematise the varied literacy practices involved in the constitution of ' the university ' . in particular the focus will be on the gap between student and faculty expectations of academic writing processes and the conceptualisation and representation of ' language ' embedded in them . contributors will include , in addition to the convenors , fiona english , monika hermerschmidt , mary lea , mary scott , joan turner & theresa lillis . 3 . language , gender & sexuality convenor : debbie cameron ( university of strathclyde ) this colloquium is a response to the rapid development of sociolinguistic work in which sexuality or sexual identity is a key social variable . among the questions we hope to reflect on , in papers , responses to papers and open discussion , are : is there and should there be a distinctive gay / lesbian sociolinguistics ? how should we theorise the relationship between sexuality and gender ? have sociolinguists talked too little about heterosexualities ? how do sociolinguists position themselves with regard to existing theories of sexual identity / practice , especially feminist theory and queer theory ? contributors : kathryn remlinger , paul mcilvenny , joanne winter . 4 . oral narratives across contexts & cultures convenors : alexandra georgakopoulou , dept . of byzantyne and modern greek studies , king 's college , university of london & shoshana blum - kulka , department of communication , hebrew university , jerusalem , israel . the goal of the colloquium is to bring together ethnographic , discourse analytical and interactional sociolinguistic perspectives to discuss the role of context and culture in the discursive shaping of oral narrative modes and functions . the papers presented will attempt to combine micro-level with macro-level analytic concerns , and their scope will cover a wide range of oral narrative modes ( e . g . conversational stories , life histories , mediated discourse narratives , family dinner narratives ) in different communities . papers will be presented by catherine snow , shoshana blum - kulka , alexandra georgakopoulou , esther schelly - newman and tamar katriel . the discussants of the presentations will include johanna thornborrow , maria sifianou , mike baynham and paddy scannell . 5 . disability , language & social identity convenor : graham h . turner , deaf studies group , department of education studies , university of central lancashire , preston this interdisciplinary colloquium sets out to address questions raised by claims about ' deaf identity ' - in the sense of an identity shaped by distinct linguistic and cultural forms - and other disabled identities , by focusing upon the role of language in discourse practices that construct and reflect such identities . does the language currently used by and about disabled people ( including deaf people ) sustain the distinction , and what part does language play in any changes being witnessed ? in spite of the existence of theoretical deaf and disability literature , relatively little has to date emerged by way of empirical accounts of language choices in either personal or institutional discourse , and there has been little theorization of language practices in such contexts . while sociolinguists ' discussions of ( for instance ) ethnicities move on from the debate about group-membership - as-acquired - disposition versus group-membership - as-situated - performance , there remains little exploration of even these two notions in relation to language and disability . the purpose of this colloquium is to assess the state of knowledge in this field and to begin to explore ( a ) the role of disabled people in effecting language change , ( b ) the extent to which communicative practices are defining in relation to disabled identities , ( c ) what ( if any ) patterns emerge from the cross-referencing of different groups in this regard and ( d ) what kinds of research could tell us more about the role of language in constructing and performing disability . within this session ( which will have british sign language / english interpretation ) four 25 - minute papers will be followed by short independent responses from two discussants and an open workshop session for exploration of issues arising . contributors include : jenny corbett , mairian corker , susan gregory , & kyra pollitt . 6 . computer - mediated communication , language and society convenor : dr . simeon j . yates , discipline of sociology , faculty of social sciences , open university . the colloquium will cover a range of sociolinguistic topics relating to the use of computer - mediated communication ( cmc ) in contemporary society . cmc systems range from the personal forms of electronic mail and internet-relay chat , through on-line forms of audio and video conferencing , to the world wide web and other digital media formats . the aim of the colloquium is to explore , through the discussion of presented papers , the connections between language use , cmc and key aspects of contemporary society , such as : globalisation , work , politics , identity , gender and media genres . this colloquium represents a development of the session on the socio-linguistics of computer - mediated communication ( cmc ) held at ss11 , and will provide an opportunity for researchers in this field to present and discuss current theories and findings . the focus of the session will be upon the relationship between contemporary society , contemporary language use and the various forms of cmc . speakers will include : simeon j . yates , susan herring , john paolillo , lynn cherny , lorenzo mondada , robert fouser , zazie todd , p . nayar & jacqueline johnson lambiase . . 7 . maintaining indigenous languages , with special reference to latin america - state planning vs grass - roots initiatives : convenors : jane freeland ( univ of portsmouth ) & rosaleen howard - malverde ( univ of liverpool ) latin american governments are giving increasing attention to the maintenance of indigenous langauges , mainly through formal education . however , outcomes frequently clash with , are even destructive of , language maintenance strategies developed by organised indigenous groups . this workshop will explore the relationship between these different approaches , through a series of brief case studies ( pre-circulated ) , but above all through extensive discussionof the language planning issues raised by this clash . speakers will include : kendall king , sheila aikman , serafin coronel - molina , tim marr & eliseo canulef m . 8 . language & multimodality convenor : prof . gunther kress , culture communication and societies ( ccs ) group , institute of education , london texts in many domains of public communication are becoming more intensely multimodal : that is , they make a deliberate use of the visual as well as the written ( where before that might have been an incidental matter ) for overt purposes of communication . social difference therefore finds expression not only in the linguistic mode whether written or spoken ( as in generic or discursive differences , eg ) but in other modes . different combinations , different emphases of modes may respond to different social purposes , so that even at this level there is a new issue of what the consequences are for language . if in a multimodal text some information is carried visually and some verbally - where before it was all carried verbally - it follows that language will play a different role in the overtly multi modal text than it did in the formerly ( at least ostensibly ) monomodal text . other participants : theo van leeuwen , david graddol , roz ivanic & fiona ormerod , radan martinec , carey jewitt , and judy delin . 9 . teaching & learning bilingually in post - colonial contexts convenors : marilyn martin - jones , university of lancaster & peter martin , universiti brunei darussalam . over the last decade , there has been an increasing amount of research into language practices in schools and classrooms in a number of post-colonial contexts . in each of these multililngual contexts , a former colonial language is still used as a medium of instruction . the aim of this colloquium is to bring together researchers working in different multilingual sites and to enable them to compare insights from research which combines detailed analysis of bilingual classroom discourse with ethnographic observation . our specific objectives are ( 1 ) to compare the ways in which teachers and learners in these settings accomplish lessons in two languages ; ( 2 ) to identify commonalities and differences in bilingual discourse practices observed and analysed in different institutional sites ; ( 3 ) to discuss the implications of these commonalities and differences . contributors include : casimir rubagumya , grace bunyi & nancy hornberger , angel lin & jo arthur , in addition to the convenors . 10 . language play & the construction of meaning among working class teenagers in hong kong . convenor : angel lin , city university of hong kong . other contributors will include isaac lam , michelle kwan , tit - wing lo & kevin chu , with chris candlin as discussant . 11 . there will also be a postgraduate workshop , convened by kristina bennert , of university college , cardiff . bennert @ cardiff . ac . uk . further details on programme by post : the full provisional programme is now being sent by post to people as they register , along with local travel details , and hotel booking arrangements . on the internet : our website is being updated regularly until the event itself , and you can find us at : http : / / www . ioe . ac . uk / ccs / ss12 papers as well as the colloquia , the programme includes c60 35 - minute ' papers ' - where presenters are being encouraged to speak for no more than c20 minutes , leaving c15 minutes for questions and discussion , c20 15 minute ' reports ' on work in progress ) , and c12 ' posters ' . the criteria for selection were : originality , significance , estimated contribution to conceptual development of the field , lucidity . all submissions , including those for the colloquia , were subject to anonymous review by members of the committee during september and october 1997 , with the help of colloquium convenors where appropriate . in addition to those speaking in the colloquia , presenters will include david barton , stella bortoni - ricardo , jennifer coates , jenny cheshire , gemma moss , anne pauwels , mark sebba , alison sealey . costs standard symposium fee - 140 pounds sterling late symposium fee - 160 pounds sterling ( for bookings received after february 27 , 1998 ) student / unwaged symposium fee - 95 pounds , ( on production of satisfactory evidence of status ) day symposium fees ( only available after the standard booking period ends on february 27 , 1998 , and if places are left ) . registration the form which follows is only about registration for the symposium itself , administered by the institute of education 's conference office : email c . bird @ ioe . ac . uk , not , please not , the sender of this message ! ( for accommodation see note at end . ) payment of the appropriate symposium fee is obligatory , and will entitle you to all documents for the meeting ( programme , abstracts booklet , participants list ) , and to a badge giving admission to sessions , tea / coffee etc at breaks , and buffet lunches . conference registration form : ( print this off and fax or mail it , or use the electronic version on our website - address of this at the end of the posting ) please complete the following as you would like it to appear on the participants ' list - only one person on each form ] : your title : ( mr / ms / dr / prof / . . . . . ) your family name : your other name ( s ) : your institution & departmental address : phone and fax numbers for communication ( say if work or private ) : your email number : address for correspondence if different from your institution : please reserve a conference place for me : date of booking . . . . . either for the whole meeting or @ standard rate of 140 pounds or @ late rate of 160 pounds or for the following half-days thursday 26 / 3 @ 45 pounds friday 27 / 3 am @ 45 """" friday 27 / 3 pm @ 45 """" saturday 28 / 3 @ 45 """" completed registration forms , along with sterling cheques ( non-sterling cheques or bank transfers add 10 % please ) payable to ' institute of education - ss12 ' , should be sent to the conference office ( ss12 ) , institute of education , 20 bedford way , london wc1h 0al , uk . booking enquiries can be made to the conference officer there , cathy bird ( c . bird @ ioe . ac . uk ) tel : + 44 . 171 . 612 . 6017 . . . . fax : + 44 . 171 . 612 . 6402 . accommodation bookings should be made independently , or through hotelscene , a reservation service offering discounted accommodation in a range of hotels etc within a few minutes walk from the institute of education in the bloomsbury district of west central london . hotelscene information will be normally only sent to you on receipt of your registration forms , but can be sent earlier if you need it - on request to the conference office . single room and breakfast prices will be from about 20 pounds per night in a student hall of residence [ not many of these left now ] , to about \ 163100 per night in a first class hotel - less per head in double rooms . website address for updates on ss12 : http : / / www . ioe . ac . uk / ccs / ss12 . euan reid culture , communication and societies institute of education university of london 20 bedford way london wc1h 0al tel : + 44 171 612 6524 / fax : + 44 171 612 6177
 "",0
 2306,""Subject: l2 acquisition of rom
  
  call for papers special session : second language acquisition and the romance languages 1998 convention of the modern language association ( mla ) december 27-30 , 1998 san francisco , ca abstracts of no more than 500 words on any aspect of second language acquisition relating to the learning or teaching of romance languages ( preference given to language acquisition in instructed settings ) . abstracts must be received by march 16 , 1998 . participants must be mla members by april 1 , 1998 . abstracts or inquiries to : jeffrey reeder dept . of modern foreign languages baylor university , box 97393 waco , tx 78798 fax : ( 254 ) 710-3799 e-mail : jeffrey _ reeder @ baylor . edu
 "",0
 2307,""Subject: fhcg-98
  
  joint conference on formal grammar , head-driven phrase structure grammar , and categorial grammar august 14-16 , 1998 , saarbruecken , germany second call for papers fhcg-98 combines the 4th conference on formal grammar and the 5th conference on head - driven phrase structure grammar . it precedes the 10th european summer school in logic , language , and information ( esslli x ) . aims and scope fhcg-98 hopes to provide a platform for presentation of new and original research on formal grammar , head-driven phrase structure grammar , and categorial grammar . themes of interest include , but are not limited to , * formal and computational syntax , semantics , and pragmatics ; * head-driven phrase structure grammar and categorial grammar ; * model-theoretic and proof-theoretic methods in linguistics ; * constraint-based and resource-sensitive approaches to grammar ; * foundational , methodological and architectural issues in grammar . special events the conference features a symposium on unbounded dependencies as well as a special session on information packaging . symposium on unbounded dependencies : empirical problems and formal techniques invited speakers : anne abeille ( paris 7 university ) bob carpenter ( bell labs , murray hill ) michael moortgat ( utrecht university ) ivan sag ( stanford university ) ed stabler ( ucla ) annie zaenen ( xerox , grenoble ) the symposium provides a comparison of recent work on unbounded dependencies from various theoretical angles . relevant empirical issues include , but are not limited to , parasitic gaps , relative clauses , pied-piping , atb - phenomena , weak and strong islands , comparatives , and the semantics of wh-questions . there will be presentations focussing on recent work in hpsg , lfg , tag , cg , and the minimalist framework , followed by a panel discussion . special session on information packaging invited speakers : elisabeth engdahl ( university of gothenburg ) enric vallduvi ( universitat pompeu fabra , barcelona , t . b . c . ) this session is concerned with formal approaches to information packaging - - - those linguistic strategies which allow information to be encoded in different ways , appropriate to different contexts , emphasizing the interpretive significance of basic information packaging distinctions and their grammatical realization within and across natural languages . the special session will consist of two invited lectures and contributed papers appropriate to its theme . submission details we invite e-mail submissions of abstracts for 30 - minute papers ( including questions and comments ) . a submission should consist of two parts : - an information sheet ( in ascii ) , containing the name of the author ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , e-mail and postal address ( es ) , a title , and an indication whether the paper is to be considered for the special session on information packaging ; - an abstract , consisting of a description of not more than 5 pages ( including figures and references ) . abstracts may be either in plain ascii or in ( unix-compatible encoded ) postscript , pdf , or dvi . please avoid using binhex or mime . abstracts can be sent to fg @ ufal . mff . cuni . cz ( geert - jan m . kruijff ) ( extended ) abstract submission deadline march , 31 , 1998 notification of acceptance may , 15 , 1998 proceedings a full version of the accepted paper will be included in the conference proceedings , to be distributed at the conference . full papers are due july , 1 , 1998 . publication pending final approval by the publisher , a selected number of papers will be published as a volume of the recently started csli - series """" studies in constraint - based lexicalism """" , with series editors andreas kathol , jean - pierre koenig and sam mchombo . there will be a separate round of submission and reviewing for this volume after the conference . programme committee gosse bouma ( groningen , chair ) richard oehrle ( arizona , chair ) klaus netter ( dfki , local arrangements ) geert - jan kruijff ( prague , submissions ) anne abeille ( paris ) bob kasper ( ohio state ) bob carpenter ( bell labs ) andreas kathol ( uc berkeley ) john coleman ( oxford ) shalom lappin ( london ) ann copestake ( csli ) glyn morrill ( barcelona ) mary dalrymple ( xerox parc ) tsuneko nakazawa ( tokyo ) elisabeth engdahl ( gotenborg ) anton nijholt ( twente ) daniele godard ( paris ) gertjan van noord ( groningen ) erhard hinrichs ( tuebingen ) carl pollard ( ohio state ) jack hoeksema ( groningen ) further information web site for esslli x : http : / / top . coli . uni-sb . de / esslli / web site for fhcg-98 : http : / / www . dfki . de / events / hpsg98 / the organizers : gosse bouma ( chair ) gosse @ let . rug . nl dick oehrle ( chair ) rto @ chol . douglass . arizona . edu klaus netter ( local arrangements ) klaus . netter @ dfki . de geert - jan kruijff ( paper submissions ) gj @ ufal . mff . cuni . cz fhcg-98 fhcg-98 fhcg-98 fhcg-98 fhcg-98 fhcg-98 fhcg-98 fhcg-98 fhcg-98 - gosse bouma , alfa - informatica , rug , postbus 716 , 9700 as groningen gosse @ let . rug . nl tel . + 31-50 - 3635937 fax + 31-50 - 3636855
 "",0
 2308,""Subject: ld ' 98 second cfp
  
  ld ' 98 the first international workshop on labelled deduction freiburg , germany , september 7 - 9 , 1998 http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * second call for papers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * aim and format to survey research in the field , and to allow researchers ( in logic , computer science , artificial intelligence , linguistics , etc . ) to exchange ideas , techniques and results . o both finished work and work in progress can be reported . we welcome three classes of submissions with presentation : + system description : 2 pages ( system demo ) + work in progress : 5 pages ( short presentation ) + polished work : 15 pages ( long presentation ) o submissions will be refereed primarily on a basis of relevance , for an informal proceedings distributed only at the workshop . since an intention of the workshop is to survey current work , versions of papers that have been , or may , appear elsewhere are welcome . papers may later be submitted to a planned second round of refereeing , for proper publication as a book or journal special issue . o submissions should be sent by email : please mail + a postscript file , and + a plain text file including title , authors , and contact information to ld98 @ informatik . uni-freiburg . de * topics of interest we welcome papers on current research in all aspects of labelled deduction , including but not limited to : o logical modeling based on labelled deduction o formal metatheory for , or based on , labelled deduction o hybrid reasoners and combinations of logics based on labelling o automated reasoning , implementation , and system support o annotated logic programming o applications * important dates o submission : april 15th , 1998 o notification : june 26th , 1998 o final papers : july 31st , 1998 o workshop : sept 7 - 9 , 1998 * conference site institut fuer informatik of the university of freiburg . freiburg is a town of about 200 , 000 inhabitants at the edge of the black - forest . the city is easily accessible , being within an hour from international airports in strasbourg and basel . there are also good connections ( hourly trains ) to airports in frankfurt and zurich , which are about 2 to 3 hours away . * organizing committee david basin and luca vigano ` * program committee david basin , institut fuer informatik , freiburg , germany marcello d ' agostino , universita ` di ferrara , italy dov gabbay , imperial college , london , uk sean matthews , max - planck - institut fuer informatik , saarbruecken , germany luca vigano ` , institut fuer informatik , freiburg , germany * addresses o the ld ' 98 home page ( http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 / ) o email : ld98 @ informatik . uni-freiburg . de o by post : ld ' 98 c / o luca vigano ` institut fuer informatik universitaet freiburg am flughafen 17 79110 freiburg germany phone : + 49 ( 761 ) 203-8243 fax : + 49 ( 761 ) 203-8242
 "",0
 2309,""Subject: cfp : endangered languages - edinburgh , 25-27 sept 98
  
  endangered languages - what role for the the specialist ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - edinburgh , scotland - 25-27 september 1998 call for papers the workshop will provide a forum for researchers and activists working for the maintenance of indigenous languages that face an uncertain future . conference scope and aims in recent years , number of support organizations have established themselves , all aiming to mobilize research effort , popular opinion and money in defence of declining languages . the question is often raised of how these outsiders can really help the cause that they have identified . language communities must have inner strength in order to survive , or at least the will and the means to go on using their traditional tongues . outside organizations , however well-meaning , cannot supply such qualities directly . some ask whether the organizations even have the right to try to interfere . this conference , the second organized by the foundation for endangered languages , is seeking answers to one part of this question . how can language specialists , whether professional linguists , educators , media professionals or whoever , actually contribute to language maintenance ? we shall be looking for testimony on the actual effects of professional involvement on small language communities throughout the world : both community members , and the professionals themselves will have their tales to tell . we do not expect a common set of conclusions to emerge from this sharing of experience and analysis . but we shall be looking at the variety we find , and asking if it points to a good way to define the roles of the support organizations : how they can complement one another , perhaps sharing techniques , perhaps transmitting knowledge ? some themes that need to be addressed : when does the professional best act as an external consultant , when as a team-player ? what are useful relations : among grammarians , lexicographers and sociolinguists ? among community-leaders , language-activists and language-scientists ? among ordinary speakers , creative users , broadcasters and publishers ? what have been great successes in specialist language work , and what motivated the people responsible ? how does local work benefit from el support organizations with a global or continental view ? is the need for technical assistance , production of materials , publicity , funding , political agitation ? should el support organizations themselves specialize ? if so how : regionally , or by function ? the dates will be 25-27 september 1998 , and the venue the pollock halls in edinburgh . there will be a preliminary volume of proceedings distributed at the conference . presentations will last twenty minutes each , with a further ten minutes for discussion . all presentations should be accessible largely in english , but use of the languages of interest , for quotation or exemplification , may well be appropriate . organizers : dr nicholas ostler foundation for endangered languages , bath , england prof kenneth mackinnon universities of edinburgh and hertfordshire dr briony williams university of edinburgh , scotland programme committee : akira yamamoto , mahendra k verma , andrew woodfield , anthony woodbury , tasaku tsunoda , jane simpson , mari rhydwen , jon reyhner , nicholas ostler , david nash , christopher moseley , kenneth mackinnon , john clews , margaret allen . abstract submission abstracts should not exceed 500 words . they can be submitted in one of two ways : hard copy or electronic submission . they should be in english . a ) hard copies ( or faxes ) : three copies should be sent to : nicholas ostler foundation for endangered languages batheaston villa , 172 bailbrook lane bath ba1 7aa england this should have a clear short title , but should not bear anything to identify the author ( s ) . on a separate sheet , please include the following information : name : names of the author ( s ) title : title of the paper email : email address of the first author , if any addr : postal address of the first author tel : telephone number of the first author , if any fax : fax number of the first author , if any the name of the first author will be used in all correspondence . if possible , please also send an e-mail to nicholas ostler at < nostler @ chibcha . demon . co . uk > informing him of the hard copy submission . this is in case the hard copy does not reach its destination . this e-mail should contain the information specified in the section below . b ) electronic submission : electronic submission should be in plain ascii text email message giving the following details : # name : name of first author # title : title of the paper # email : e - mail address of the first author # addr : postal address of the first author # tel : telephone number of the first author , if any # fax : fax number of the first author and in a separate section # abstr : abstract of the paper important dates abstract submission deadline march 29 notification of committee 's decision april 27 authors submit camera-ready text july 14 conference sept 25-27 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nicholas ostler managing director president linguacubun ltd foundation for endangered languages http : / / www . bris . ac . uk / depts / philosophy / ctll / fel / batheaston villa , 172 bailbrook lane bath ba1 7aa england + 44-1225 - 85-2865 fax + 44-1225 - 85-9258 nostler @ chibcha . demon . co . uk
 "",0
 2310,""Subject: 31st poznan linguistic meeting 2nd circular
  
  31st poznan linguistic meeting : recent developments in linguistic theory 1 - 3 may 1998 , poznan , poland international meeting of the cross - linguistic project on pre - and protomorphology in language acquisition 1 - 4 may 1998 , poznan , poland second circular dear colleague , this is to provide you with some further information concerning the 31st plm and project meeting . arrival and departure the plm will take full three days ( friday to sunday ) while the project meeting will start on friday evening and continue until monday . therefore , rooms for the participants will be booked for four nights ( so that you can arrive on thursday and leave on monday ) , unless differently requested . please let us know of the dates and times of your arrival and departure as soon as possible . a tentative outline of the programme with preliminary lists of participants thursday april 30 registration ; informal welcoming reception ( beer , snacks etc . ) friday may 1 8 : 00 - 9 : 00 breakfast 9 : 00 official opening of the 31st plm 9 : 30-10 : 15 plenary : ian maddieson ( ucla ) 10 : 20-11 : 20 section a : optimality and naturalness convener : k . dziubalska - kolaczyk participants : w . u . dressler , h . c . luschutzky , p . gasiorowski , m . onederra , r . rhodes , c . ringen , j . rubach , m . rochon , r . singh , j . weckwerth * section b : cognitive linguistics convener : b . lewandowska - tomaszczyk participants : l . berezowski , p . chruszczewski , h . cuyckens , m . kozlowska , p . lozowski , k . panther , g . radden , d . sipka , w . skrzypczak , l . thornburg , k . wengorek * workshop i : comparative theoretical syntax : gb & minimalism convener : j . witkos participants : r . borsley , d . cavar , b . cetnarowska , w . chuming , c . czingler , a . doyle , g . fanselow , t . h . lee , f . neubarth , m . prinzhorn , p . stalmaszczyk , p . tajsner , h . van riemsdijk , v . yip and others * 11 : 20-11 : 50 coffee break 11 : 50-13 : 20 sections & workshop continued 13 : 30-15 : 00 lunch break 15 : 00-16 : 30 section a : sla & psycholinguistic studies convener : o . - s . bohn participants : p . bodor , e . jacewicz , n . kerschhoffer , r . lew , d . ravid , e . ronowicz , t . salasoo , t . siek - piskozub , h . wode * section b : cognitive linguistics continued workshop i continued 16 : 30-17 : 00 coffee break 17 : 30-18 : 45 natural morphology teach-in : w . u . dressler 19 : 00 dinner saturday may 2 9 : 00 - 9 : 45 plenary : henk van riemsdijk ( tilburg ) : """" endocentricity """" 9 : 50-10 : 50 section : cognitive linguistics continued workshop i continued project meeting convener : w . u . dressler participants : among others a . aksu - koc , s . ceytlin , n . gagarina , s . gillis , m . kilani - schoch , s . klampfer , k . laalo , s . nocetti , d . ravid , i . savickiene , s . sbai , u . stephany , b . pfeiler , m . voeikova * 10 : 50-11 : 20 coffee break 11 : 20-12 : 50 section : sla & psycholinguistic studies continued workshop i continued project meeting continued 13 : 00-14 : 30 lunch break 14 : 30-15 : 15 plenary : e . gussmann ( catholic university of lublin ) 15 : 20-16 : 20 section : historical , sociohistorical & sociolinguistic studies convener : j . fisiak participants : s . ash , o . buniyatova , a . dorodnych , a . kielkiewicz - janowiak , p . kwiecinski , m . krygier , u . okulska , p . osiadacz , m . pawlowska * workshop ii : government phonology conveners : e . cyran , j . rennison participants : a . bloch - rozmej , a . buczek , z . barkanyi , m . charette , p . dienes , e . gussmann , k . jaskula , z . kiss , a . kurti , s . ploch , p . rebrus , g . rowicka , t . scheer , p . segeral , p . szigetvari , j . wojcik project meeting continued 16 : 20-16 : 50 coffee break 16 : 50-17 : 50 section , workshop & meeting continued 19 : 00 concert & banquet sunday may 3 9 : 00 - 9 : 45 plenary : p . trudgill ( lausanne ) : """" language contact and the function of linguistic gender """" 9 : 50-10 : 50 section : historical , sociohistorical & sociolinguistic studies continued workshop ii continued project meeting continued 10 : 50-11 : 20 coffee break 11 : 20-12 : 50 section : computational phonology convener : j . carson - berndsen participants : d . gibbon , j . weckwerth and others * workshop ii continued project meeting continued 13 : 00-14 : 30 lunch break 14 : 30-15 : 15 plenary : ocke - schwen bohn ( aarhus ) 15 : 20-16 : 20 section , workshop & meeting continued 16 : 20-16 : 50 coffee break 16 : 50-17 : 50 workshop & meeting continued 17 : 50-18 : 20 closing session of the 31st plm 18 : 30 dinner monday may 4 9 : 00 project meeting continued * ) the final sequence of papers to be announced at a later date . one section paper will be assigned 20 minutes plus 10 minutes for the discussion ; one plenary will take up 45 minutes including discussion . absolute abstract submission deadline : march 22 , 1998 . publication of the proceedings there will be a possibility of publishing a selection of the papers presented in psicl ( poznan studies in contemporary linguistics ) . a book exhibition will be organized by the omnibus bookshop offering attractive prices ! final details concerning the conference will reach you in april in the form of the 3rd circular . we are looking forward to seeing you in poznan ! address for correspondence school of english adam mickiewicz university al . niepodleglosci 4 61-874 poznan poland telephone : + 48 61 852 88 20 facsimile : + 48 61 852 31 03 electronic mail : plm @ ifa . amu . edu . pl world wide web : http : / / hum . amu . edu . pl / ~ ifauam / meeting . htm
 "",0
 2311,""Subject: mental lexicon
  
  first international conference on the mental lexicon september 3 - 5 , 1998 university of alberta edmonton , alberta , canada hosted by : the mcri international mental lexicon research group department of linguistics , university of alberta sponsored by : social sciences and humanities research council of canada , university of alberta local organizer : gary libben submission deadline : * * april 6 , 1998 * * invited speakers : mark aronoff & frank anshen ( suny stony brook ) kenneth forster ( university of arizona ) william marslen - wilson ( birkbeck college , london ) the first international conference on the mental lexicon is soliciting abstracts for papers or posters that bear on the question of how morphologically simple and complex words are represented in the mind ( their morphological , phonological , syntactic , and semantic properties ) , how they are linked to one another , and how they are accessed in the processes of language production and comprehension . we welcome submissions of theoretical , psycholinguistic , neurolinguistic , and computational research . * conference location the conference will be held at the university of alberta . the university is located in the city of edmonton and is one of the largest research-intensive universities in canada . the canadian rockies and the mountain towns of banff and jasper are a 3 - 4 hour drive from the city . * scientific committee gonia jarema , chair , university of montreal , canada ria de bleser , universitat potsdam , germany bruce derwing , university of alberta , canada eva kehayia , mcgill university , canada gary libben , university of alberta , canada jussi niemi , university of joensuu , finland loraine obler , cuny graduate center , u . s . a . * publication of proceedings selected papers will be published in the conference proceedings . * how to submit abstracts abstracts should be less than 500 words in length ( excluding references ) and may be submitted by mail , e-mail , or fax . submissions must be * received by april 6 , 1998 * . at the top of the abstract please include your name , affiliation , address , telephone and fax numbers , and e-mail address . please leave several lines between this information and the title and body of the abstract so that the header information can be removed for anonymous abstract review . also indicate at the top of your abstract , your preference for paper or poster presentation ( i . e . , paper only , poster only , paper or poster ) . send your abstract to : gonia jarema centre de recherche institut universitaire de geriatrie de montreal 4565 chemin queen mary montreal , quebec canada h3w 1w5 e-mail : jarema @ ere . umontreal . ca fax : ( 514 ) 340-3548 notification of acceptance or rejection will be made via e-mail by april 30 . * for questions or more information on the conference please check our conference website : http : / / www . ualberta . ca / ~ linguis / lexiconf . html or contact gary libben tel : ( 403 ) 492-3434 fax : ( 403 ) 492-0806 e-mail : gary . libben @ ualberta . ca
 "",0
 2312,""Subject: korean linguistics
  
  the 11th international conference on korean linguistics july 6 - 9 , 1998 the university of hawaii the international circle of korean linguists ( ickl ) is pleased to post a * second call * for the 11th international conference on korean linguistics will be held at the university of hawaii on july 6 - 9 , 1998 . the organizing committee for the conference solicits abstracts of individual research papers treating any aspect of korean linguistics . in addition to the traditional general sessions , we plan to organize the following special sessions : - case markers and special particles - relative clause & noun complement constructions - complex predicates - the syllable in korean phonology - the problem of reduplication - issues in historical linguistics thus when you submit your abstract , please indicate which session you intend to address . abstracts should not exceed three a4 ( or 8 . 5 """" x 11 """" ) single-spaced pages including data and references . please mail your abstract to either address below . e - mail submission , but not fax submission , is acceptable . include a separate page or card showing the title of your paper , your session ( general or special ; if special , which of the above ) , your name , affiliation , mailing address , e-mail address , phone number , and fax number . accepted papers will be published in the conference proceedings ; selected papers will be invited to be revised for consideration in the journal korean linguistics . note : if your abstract is accepted , you will be required to submit your complete paper before the conference . important dates * deadline for abstract submission : march 20 , 1998 ( note ! this is a minor change from the initial call ) * notification of acceptance : mid april , 1998 * deadline for submission of completed papers : may 30 , 1998 * conference dates : july 6 - 9 , 1998 mail abstracts to either : ickl 1998 , c / o prof . james hye - suk yoon department of english language & literature seoul nationaluniversity seoul , korea 151-742 ( e - mail : jhsyoon @ plaza . su . ac . kr ) - or - ickl 1998 , c / o prof . alexander vovin dept . of east asian languages & literatures 382 moore hall , 1890 east - west road university of hawaii honolulu , hawaii 96822 u . s . a . ( e - mail : vovin @ hawaii . edu ) * * * invited speakers * * * ( updated list ) samuel martin ( yale university ) eung - do cook ( university of calgary ) wan - jin kim ( national academy of korean studies ) robert ramsey ( university of maryland ) william o'grady ( university of hawaii ) chin - w . kim ( university of illinois ) peter sells ( stanford university ) ho - min sohn ( university of hawaii ) john whitman ( cornell university ) > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < david james silva , ph . d . vox : 817-272 - 5334 ( voice-mail ) asst professor of linguistics fax : 817-272 - 2731 university of texas at arlington net : david @ uta . edu box 19559 web : http : / / ling . uta . edu / arlington , tx 76019-0559 usa
 "",0
 2313,""Subject: clite 1
  
  announcing clite 1 the first conference on linguistic theory in eastern european languages to be organized by the phd program in theoretical linguistics of the university of szeged , hungary , 19-21 april , 1998 , immediately following the annual glow meeting at tilburg . keynote speakers are : michael brody ( ucl and hungarian academy of sciences ) """" mirror theory and the hungarian verbal complex """" maria - luisa rivero ( university of ottawa ) , """" stylistic verb movement in slavic and the balkan area """" olga miseska tomic ( university of novi sad ) title tba ( topic : south slavic languages ) the official language of the conference is english . one - page abstracts are expected to be sent by february 28 to the following e-mail address : sztibor @ sol . cc . u-szeged . hu or by ordinary mail to : """" clite 1 """" , jate alt . nyelv . tsz . egyetem u . 2 . , szeged , h-6722 hungary fax : 36-62 - 321843 http : / / www . arts . u-szeged . hu / dep / genlinguistic / clite / clite1 . html registration fee is us $ 40 . 00 , which includes a reception , midday meals and refreshments . a limited number of grants covering registration , accommodation and meals are available particularly to students and linguists from eastern europe . grants should be applied for as soon as possible but february 28 the latest . reasonable priced accommodation is offered at local hotels , but inexpensive lodging especially for low-budget participants is also available . szeged is a city of 170 , 000 in southern hungary , and a two-hour train-ride away from the capital , budapest . the conference venue is the centrally located 180 - year old academy building . on behalf of the organizing committee , istvan kenesei
 "",0
 2314,""Subject: conference : emnlp3
  
  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - third conference on empirical methods in natural language processing ( emnlp - 3 ) when : tuesday , june 2 , 1998 ( following the first international conference on language resources and evaluation and the nsf workshop on translingual information management ) where : granada , spain conference description : in the spirit of sigdat events , this conference will offer a general forum for novel research in corpus-based and statistical natural language processing . areas of interest include ( but are not limited to ) : - robust parsing , phrase structure analysis - part of speech tagging - term and name identification - word sense disambiguation - morphological analysis - anaphora resolution - event categorization - discourse structure identification - alignment of parallel texts and bilingual terminology - language modelling - lexicography - machine translation - spelling and grammar correction in addition , we encourage submissions that describe and evaluate the strengths , weaknesses , and recent advances in corpus-based nlp as applied to multi-lingual applications . the development of natural language applications which handle multi-lingual information is the next major challenge facing the field of computational linguistics . how well do techniques for lexical tagging , parsing , anaphora resolution , etc . , handle the specific problems of multi-lingual applications ? what new methods have been developed to address the deficiencies of existing algorithms for these tasks or to address problems specific to handling multi-lingual applications ? what problems still lack an adequate empirical solution ? conversely , how can data-driven nlp methods be improved with the help of multi-lingual data ? program chairs : nancy ide vassar college ( chair ) atro voutilainen university of hlesinki ( co-chair ) program committee : to be announced sponsor : sigdat ( acl 's special interest group for linguistic data and corpus-based approaches to nlp ) format for submission : authors should submit a full-length paper ( 3500-8000 words ) either electronically or in hardcopy . electronic submissions should be mailed to """" emnlp3 @ cs . vassar . edu """" and must either be ( a ) plain ascii text or ( b ) a single postscript file ( us letter format ) . hardcopy submissions should be mailed to nancy ide ( address below ) , and should include six ( 6 ) copies of the paper . requirements : papers should describe original work . a paper accepted for presentation cannot be presented or have been presented at any other meeting . papers submitted to other conferences will be considered , as long as this fact is clearly indicated in the submission . schedule : submission deadline : monday , march 2 , 1998 notification date : friday , april 3 , 1998 camera - ready copy due : friday may 1 , 1998 conference date : tuesday , june 2 contacts : nancy ide , chair department of computer science vassar college 124 raymond avenue poughkeepsie , new york 12604-0520 usa tel : ( + 1 914 ) 437 5988 fax : ( + 1 914 ) 437 7498 e - mail : ide @ cs . vassar . edu atro voutilainen research unit for multilingual language technology department of general linguistics p . o . box 4 ( keskuskatu 8 , 7th floor ) fin-00014 university of helsinki finland tel : ( + 358 9 ) 191 23 507 fax : ( + 358 9 ) 191 23 598 e - mail : atro . voutilainen @ ling . helsinki . fi further information : http : / / www . cs . vassar . edu / ~ ide / emnlp3 . html http : / / www . cs . jhu . edu / ~ yarowsky / sigdat . html
 "",0
 2315,""Subject: lrec 3rd conference announcement
  
  3rd conference announcement reminder - reduced registration fee if you register by march 9 , 1998 first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 28-30 may 1998 hosted by the university of granada departamento de traduccion e interpretacion departamento de electronica y tecnologia de computadores with the support of dg-xiii of the european commission and fundacion banco central - hispano ( spain ) the first international conference on language resources and evaluation has been initiated by elra and is organized in cooperation with other associations and consortia , including ach , acl , allc , cocosda , eaft , eagles , edr , elsnet , esca , euralex , francil , ldc , parole , telri , etc . , and with major national and international organizations , including the european commission - dg xiii , arpa , nsf , the ic / 863 project ( china ) , the icsp permanent committee ( korea ) and the japanese project for international coordination in corpora , assessment and labeling . the conference will focus on the following issues : the availability of language resources and the methods for the evaluation of resources , technologies and products , for written and spoken language . substantial mutual benefits can be expected from addressing issues like these through international co-operation . the aim of this conference is to provide an overview of the state-of - the-art , discuss problems and opportunities , exchange information regarding ongoing and planned activities , language resources and their applications , discuss evaluation methodologies and demonstrate evaluation tools , explore possibilities and promote initiativ \ 254s for international co-operation . provisional list of accepted papers ( about 220 ) may be found at our website http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra . html or via e-mail by sending a request for list of provisional papers to lrec @ ilc . pi . cnr . it provisional list of panels to be held at lrec 1 . panel of the funding agencies : members of the major agencies funding research and development in language engineering ( ec , arpa , nsf , etc ) will discuss priorities and perspectives for international cooperation . 2 . lexical semantic standards for information systems : the panel will discuss guidelines for the standardization of lexical encoding with specific reference to requirements for machine translation and information systems . 3 . industrial and r&d use of language resources : users and providers of language resources , from industrial companies and from the public research sector , will discuss the priorities and the economical aspects of producing , distributing and using language resources , and the importance of their availability . keynote speakers at lrec the program committee will invite keynote speakers to discuss the major aspects of language resources and evaluation . the provisional list will be circulated at a later date . pre and post conference workshop information pre - conference workshops , may 26 and 27 there are 8 half day workshops , to be held may 26 and 27 with two in parallel during the morning session and two in parallel during the afternoon session . 1 . linguistic coreference workshop 26 may 1998 morning session http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra / coreference . html contact : sara j . shelton , us department of defense , ft . meade , maryland , usa sjshelt @ afterlife . ncsc . mil , tel + 301-688 - 0301 , fax + 301-688 - 0338 2 . adapting lexical and corpus resources to sublanguages and applications 26 may 1998 morning session http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra / adapting . html contact : paola velardi , dipartimento di scienza dell ' informazione , rome , italy velardi @ dsi . uniroma1 . it , tel 39 - ( 0 ) 6-49918356 , fax + 39 - ( 0 ) 6-8541842 8841964 3 . minimising the effort for language resource acquisition 26 may 1998 afternoon session http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra / minimizing . html contact : svetlana sheremetyeva , computing research laboratory , las cruces , new mexico , usa lana @ crl . nmsu . edu , tel + 505 646 5466 , fax + 505 646 6218 4 . the evaluation of parsing systems 26 may 1998 afternoon session http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra / parsing . html contact : john carroll , university of sussex , brighton , uk john . carroll @ cogs . susx . ac . uk , tel ( + 44 / 0 ) 1273 678564 , fax ( + 44 / 0 ) 1273671320 5 . towards an open european evaluation infrastructure for nl and speech 27 may 1998 morning session http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra / towards . html contact : steven krauwer , elsnet , utrecht , nl steven . krauwer @ let . ruu . nl , tel + 31 30 253 6050 , fax + 31 30 253 6000 6 . language resources for european minority languages 27 may 1998 morning session http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra / minority . html contact : briony williams , briony @ cstr . ed . ac . uk 7 . speech database development for central and eastern european languages 27 may 1998 afternoon session http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra / speech . html contact : peter roach , university of reading , uk p . j . roach @ reading . ac . uk , tel ( 44 ) 118 9318138 , fax ( 44 ) 118 9753365 8 . distributing and accessing linguistic resources 27 may 1998 afternoon session http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra / distributing . html contact : yorick wilks , university of sheffield , uk yorick @ dcs . shef . ac . uk , tel + 44 114 222 1814 , fax + 44 114 278 0972 post conference workshop , 31 may - 1 june """" translingual information management : current levels and future abilities """" contact : nancy ide , vassar college , poughkeepsie , ny , usa ide @ cs . vassar . edu , tel : ( + 1 914 ) 437 5988 , fax : ( + 1 914 ) 437 7498 this workshop is by invitation only . if you are interested in participating , please contact nancy ide directly . visit our website or request via e-mail for the full calls for participation of the workshops http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra . html lrec @ ilc . pi . cnr . it registration information for lrec and pre and post conference workshops conference the registration fees will be 25 . 000 pesetas ( about 150 ecu ) per participant , with reduced fees of 20 . 000 pesetas ( about 120 ecu ) for early registration by march 9 , 1998 , and 12 . 000 pesetas ( about 70 ecu ) for students . the fees cover the following services : a copy of the proceedings , a social dinner , coffee breaks and refreshments . for accompanying persons , the social dinner will be 6 . 000 pesetas ( about 35 ecu ) . pre conference workshops pre conference workshops are 5 , 000 pesetas each for those attending lrec and 10 , 000 pesetas each for those not attending lrec , and include a copy of the proceedings of the workshop and a coffee break . post conference workshop the 2 - day post conference workshop is 10 , 000 pesetas for those attending lrec and 20 , 000 pesetas for those not attending lrec , and includes a copy of the proceedings of the workshop and coffee breaks . registration will be made only for those persons who have been invited to participate by the organizers . advance registration payment can be made using the registration forms below . registration can be made on-site and must be paid in cash , using pesetas . registration forms first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 28-30 may 1998 e-mail or fax to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain , tel + 34 58 24 41 00 , fax + 34 58 24 41 04 , reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es last name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postal / zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ web : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration payment form registration fees full participant * by march 9 , 1998 20 . 000 pesetas ( about 120 ecu ) after march 9 , 1998 25 . 000 pesetas ( about 150 ecu ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ student * 12 . 000 pesetas ( about 70 ecu ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * registration fees include one copy of the proceedings , a social dinner , coffee breaks and refreshments . social dinner for accompanying persons 6 . 000 pesetas ( about 35 ecu ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pre conference workshops , may 26 - 27 , 1998 5 , 000 pesetas each for those attending lrec 10 , 000 pesetas each for those not attending lrec please indicate the workshops you plan to attend ( x ) _ _ _ _ _ """" linguistic coreference """" may 26 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ """" adapting lexical and corpus resources to sublanguages and applications """" _ _ _ _ _ """" the evaluation of parsing systems """" may 26 , afternoon session _ _ _ _ _ """" minimizing the effort for language resource acquisition """" _ _ _ _ _ """" towards an open european evaluation infrastructure for nl and speech """" may 27 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ """" language resources for european minority languages """" _ _ _ _ _ """" speech database development for central and eastern european languages """" may 27 , afternoon session _ _ _ _ _ """" distributing and accessing linguistic resources """" total number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ x 5 , 000 ( if attending lrec ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ x 10 , 000 ( if not attending lrec ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ post conference workshop , may 31 - june 1 * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """" translingual information management : current levels and future abilities """" * register only if you have been asked to participate and have confirmed with the organizers 10 , 000 ( if attending lrec ) 20 , 000 ( if not attending lrec ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ grand total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ method of payment you may pay by credit card ( visa , mastercard or eurocard only ; we cannot accept american express , diners club , etc . ) . you may also pay by banker 's cheque , bank transfer or by eurocheque . all payments must be in spanish pesetas . if payment is by banker 's cheque , bank transfer or by eurocheque , please send it by regular mail . if payment is by credit card , it may be faxed . please do not e-mail credit card numbers , as we cannot guarantee the security of our e-mail system , and because we require signatures . please indicate ( x ) one of the following four payment options : a ) _ _ _ _ i enclose a banker 's cheque in spanish pesetas payable to """" first international conference on language resources and evaluation """" . b ) _ _ _ _ i have transferred the full fees by bank transfer to your account at : banco central hispano , c / recogidas , 13 , 18002 granada . account name : first international conference on language resources and evaluation . account number : 0049 - 0372 - 18 - 2210856078 . i have told my bank to charge me / us with all bank charges so that """" first international conference on language resources and evaluation """" will receive the full fees . i enclose a copy of the bank transfer papers with the person ( s ) name written on the transfer . c ) _ _ _ _ please debit my visa / mastercard / eurocard account : amount : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card no : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ valid from : _ _ _ / _ _ _ to _ _ _ / _ _ _ ( as printed on your card ) cardholder 's name and address : last name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postal / zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ web : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature as on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ credit card charges will be processed in spanish pesetas . d ) _ _ _ _ i enclose eurocheque ( s ) for the full fees . i have written my eurocheque number on the back of each eurocheque . mail or fax to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es + 34 58 24 41 04 fax visit our website for further information http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra . html conference addresses the conference chair is antonio zampolli ( istituto di linguistica computazionale del cnr and president of elra ) . antonio zampolli - lrec istituto di linguistica computazionale del cnr via della faggiola , 32 56126 pisa , italy + 39 50 560 481 tel . + 39 50 555 013 fax pisa @ ilc . pi . cnr . it the secretariat of the conference , who will provide general information on the conference , is : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain + 34 58 24 41 00 tel . + 34 58 24 41 04 fax reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es conference program committee harald hoege , siemens , munich , germany bente maegaard , cst , copenhagen , denmark joseph mariani , limsi-cnrs , orsay , france angel martin municio , president of the real academia de ciencias , madrid , spain antonio zampolli , istituto di linguistica computazionale , pisa , italy exhibition an exhibition will be organised by elra . this exhibition is open to companies and projects wishing to promote , present and demonstrate their language resources products and prototypes to the wide range of experts and representatives from all over the world participating in the conference . for more information on this , please contact the elda office on elra-elda @ calva . net . elra for more information about elra ( the european language resources association ) , please contact : khalid choukri , elra ceo 55-57 , rue brillat savarin f - 75013 paris , france tel . + 33 1 43 13 33 33 fax . + 33 1 43 13 33 39 e - mail : elra @ calva . net web : http : / / www . icp . grenet . fr / elra / home . html
 "",0
 2316,""Subject: lrec - - new event , deadline
  
  adapting lexical and corpus resources to sublanguages and applications a workshop to be held at the first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 26 may 1998 * * * * ( second announcement with extended deadline and new event ) * * * * the workshop will provide a forum for those researchers involved in the development of methods to integrate corpora and mrds , with the aim of adding adaptive capabilities to existing linguistic resources . organisers : roberto basili ( university of roma """" tor vergata """" ) , roberta catizone ( university of sheffield ) , maria teresa pazienza ( university of roma """" tor vergata """" ) , paola velardi ( university of roma """" la sapienza ) , yorick wilks ( university of sheffield ) workshop scope and aims lexicons , i . e . , those components of a nlp system that contain """" computable """" information about words , cannot be considered as static objects . words may behave very differently in different domains , and there are language phenomena that do not generalize across sublanguages . lexicons are a snapshot of a given stage of development of a language , normally provided without support for adaptation changes , whether caused by language creativity and development or the shift to such a previously unencountered domain . the divergence of corpus usages from lexical norms has been studied computationally at least since the late sixties , but only recently has the availability of large on-line corpora made it possible to establish methods to cope systematically with this problem . an emerging branch of research is now involved in studies and experiments on corpus-driven linguistics , with the aim of complementing and extending earlier work on lexicon acquisition based on machine readable dictionaries ( mrd ) : data are extracted from texts , as embodiments of language in use , so as to capture lexical regularities and to code them into operational forms . the purpose of this workshop will be to provide an updated snapshot of current work in the area , and promote discussion of how to make progress . central topics will be ( though this list is in no way exclusive ) : * corpus-driven tuning of mrds to optimize domain-specific inferences , * terminology and jargon acquisition , * sense extensions , * acquisition of preference or subcategorization information from corpora * taxonomy adaptation , * statistical weighting of senses etc . to domains * use of mrds to provide explanations of linguistic phenomena in corpora * what is the scope of """" lexical tuning """" * the evaluation of lexical tuning as a separate task , or as part of a more generic task * * * * * new event : industrial panel * * * * * automatic adaptation of lexicons to new domains through the use of application corpora makes nlp applications more adaptable and portable . the program commettee is organizing a joint panel to discuss this ( and other ) issues concerning next generation information extraction systems . the panel intends to bring industrial representatives to confront expectations in ie from their viewpoint and degree of maturity of the offering . relevant issues that will be discussed are : is there a market for ie ? what is the demand in domains such as new services for the citizens , telecommunications , management support , etc ? what are the technical requirements ? is the technology near to the market ? program committee yorick wilks university of sheffield roberta catizone university of sheffield paola velardi university of roma """" la sapienza """" maria teresa pazienza university of roma """" tor vergata """" roberto basili university of roma """" tor vergata """" bran boguraev brandeis university sergei nirenburg new mexico state university james pustejowsky brandeis university ralph grishman new york university christiane fellbaum princeton university paper submission formatting guidelines : papers should not exceed 4000 words or 10 pages . hard copies : three hard copies should be sent to : paola velardi dipartimento di scienza dell ' informazione via salaria 113 00198 roma italy electronic submission : electronic submission will be allowed in poscript or word per mac or rtf . an ftp site will be available on demand . authors should send an info email to paola velardi ( velardi @ dsi . uniroma1 . it ) even important dates ( * * * * please note extended deadline * * * * ) paper submission deadline ( hard copy / electronic ) march 10 paper notification april 1 camera - ready papers due april 20 l&ct workshop may 26 prof . paola velardi dipartimento di scienza dell ' informazione via salaria 113 universita ' """" la sapienza """" 00198 roma ph . + 39 - ( 0 ) 6-49918356 fax + 39 - ( 0 ) 6-8541842 8841964
 "",0
 2317,""Subject: symposium on rime tables
  
  on saturday , 2 may , 1998 , there will be a one-day symposium on chinese historical phonology at the university of minnesota ( minneapolis ) . the topic is : new views of the philosophy underlying the chinese rime table discussants will be w . south coblin ( u . iowa ) and wenchao li ( u . minnesota ) . to submit abstracts for consideration , please mail or fax a complete abstract and curriculum vitae to : david prager branner institute of linguistics and asian and slavic languages and literatures university of minnesota 192 klaeber court 320-16 th avenue s . e . minneapolis , mn 55455-0135 usa fax : ( 612 ) - 624-4579 ( please write branner on your fax ) . please indicate an email return address if at all possible , as well as a phone or fax contact number . it is expected that all submissions will have full tonal indications on all romanized forms . submissions without tonally complete romanization cannot be accepted . submissions received before 5 march , 1998 will receive highest consideration . a small amount of funding to defray some speakers ' travel expenses may become available , although the symposium organizer cannot guarantee that money will be disbursed for this meeting . please indicate at the time of your submission if you wish to apply for this .
 "",0
 2318,""Subject: esslli ' 98 - - probabilistic logic and randomised computation
  
  esslli-98 workshop on probabilistic logic and randomised computation august 17 - 21 , 1998 a workshop held as part of the 10th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli-98 ) august 17 - 28 , 1998 , saarbrueken , germany * * second call for papers * * organisers : alessandra di pierro and herbert wiklicky ( london ) web site : http : / / www . cs . city . ac . uk / ~ adp / esslli98 . html background : probabilistic concepts recently gained widespread interest in logic and computer science , for example in the investigation of randomised algorithms and probabilistic proof systems . whereas probability and randomisation have always played an important role in complexity theory ( from average case analysis to probabilistic complexity classes ) the investigation of these notions in semantics was much more limited and only in the last years renewed interest seems to develop . this workshop aims at bringing together researchers from areas like philosophy , logics , semantics and the theory of algorithms whose research is related to aspects of probability , stochastic processes , randomised algorithms etc . , in order to foster links and facilitate cross-fertilisation of ideas among them . the workshop topics include : o philosophical foundations of probability o probabilistic logics o probabilistic proof systems o probabilistic proof checking o probabilistic knowledge representation o probabilistic games o randomised automata o randomised algorithms o semantics of probabilistic languages o probabilistic non-determinism o probabilistic reasoning o fuzzy and belief systems o inexact matching o constraints and probability o markov chain monte carlo methods o practical applications o randomised optimisation ( e . g . simulated annealing , genetic algorithms ) o ( stochastic ) approximation algorithms ( for np problems ) workshop format : the workshop will be held as part of esslli ' 98 . there will be five sessions of 90 minutes each , one on each day of the first week of the school ( august 17-22 , 1998 ) . the workshop will consist in the presentation of submitted papers and discussion sessions . notes containing the papers accepted for presentation will be made available in electronic form . opportunities for publishing revised versions of the papers will be explored . the workshop will be open to attendance by all school registrants . submission : all researchers in the area , but especially ph . d . students and young researchers , are encourage to submit a paper . papers should be submitted in the form of an extended abstract of no more than 4000 words ( 8-10 pages ) in length , and must include the e-mail address of all authors and a 200-300 word abstract . deadline is february 15 , 1998 . to submit a paper , please send a postscript file to < adp @ cs . city . ac . uk > or < herbert @ cs . city . ac . uk > or send three ( 3 ) hard copies of your paper to one of the organisers ( below ) . alessandra di pierro adp @ cs . city . ac . uk http : / / www . cs . city . ac . uk / ~ adp herbert wiklicky herbert @ cs . city . ac . uk http : / / www . cs . city . ac . uk / ~ herbert department of computer science school of informatics city university northampton square london ec1v 0hb united kingdom electronic submission is strongly encouraged . registration : workshop contributors will be required to register for esslli-98 , but they will be elligible for a reduced registration fee . important dates : feb 15 , 98 : deadline for submissions apr 15 , 98 : notification of acceptance may 15 , 98 : deadline for final copy aug 17 , 98 : start of workshop further information : to obtain further information about esslli-98 please visit the esslli-98 home page at http : / / www . coli . uni-sb . de / esslli - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",0
 2319,""Subject: lexical semantics in context : corpus , inference and discourse
  
  esslli-98 workshop on lexical semantics in context : corpus , inference and discourse august 17 - 21 , 1998 a workshop held as part of the 10th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli-98 ) august 17 - 28 , 1998 , saarbruecken , germany * * second call for papers * * organizers : johan bos ( saarbruecken ) and paul buitelaar ( brandeis university ) the workshop aims at bringing together research in two complementary fields of semantic analysis that are still too far apart . in order to achieve both a broad and a deep understanding of any given text document , a system needs both advanced acquisition of corpus specific lexical semantic knowledge and powerful inference mechanisms that utilize that knowledge in discourse analysis . given the still relatively limited results within both areas there has been little impetus to combine them . corpus - based extraction of lexical semantic knowledge has only recently become a more feasible task , because of the growing availibility of on-line text documents ; robust corpus processing technologies , such as broad coverage part-of - speech tagging and shallow parsing ; and readily available statistical methods . the various approaches to discourse analysis , originating in such diverse fields as formal semantics , psychology and ai , are in the process of converging into a unified approach to the analysis and representation of the cohesive structure of natural language documents . the intersection between these two fields lies in the application of lexical semantic knowledge to such problems in discourse analysis as anaphora resolution and discourse segmentation . in fact , the benefit will be mutual , because knowledge of discourse structure is helpful to lexical knowledge extraction as well . in summary , large scale domain specific lexical semantic knowledge acquisition can assist in analyzing discourse structures , which in turn can assist in acquiring even more accurate lexical semantic representations for the relevant terms in the domain . further information : to obtain further information please visit the workshop home page at http : / / www . cs . brandeis . edu / ~ paulb / esslli98 . html
 "",0
 2320,""Subject: conference on linguistics & literature
  
  the 10th annual conference on linguistics and literature will be held at the radisson hotel and conference center in denton , texas on january 30 and 31 , 1998 . the conference is sponsored by the graduate students in english association at the university of north texas ( unt ) with generous support from the unt department of english and from the unt dean of arts and sciences . plenary speakers : donald freeman ( university of southern california ) """" whither - - and whether - - english ? """" gilles fauconnier ( university of california , san diego ) and mark turner ( university of maryland ) """" gradients of creativity """" highlight speakers : margaret freeman ( los angeles valley college ) """" cognitive poetics : an adequate theory of literature ? """" james mccawley ( university of chicago ) """" conversational scorekeeping and the interpretation of narrative and expository prose """" phyllis perrin wilcox ( university of new mexico ) """" cultural variability in the interpretation of metaphors and metonyms in asl poetry """" sherman wilcox ( university of new mexico ) """" radical iconicity and signed language universals """" plus 80 + other papers and presentations in all of the following areas : - literary analysis - linguistic analysis - linguistics and literature - cognitive metaphor - writing pedagogy - creative readings : poetry - creative readings : prose a complete listing of papers and presentations is available at our web site : http : / / www . unt . edu / languaging / * * * registration : following standard practice , the conference offers a reduced rate for early registration . registration forms must be returned to denton via snail-mail no later than january 20 , 1998 in order to receive the reduced rate . our snail-mail address : conference on linguistics and literature department of english university of north texas denton , tx 76203 those wishing to register may use the form provided at our web site at http : / / www . unt . edu / languaging / or may email linglit @ unt . edu for a text copy of our registration form . please direct your conference questions to linglit @ unt . edu
 "",0
 2321,""Subject: a symposium on second language writing
  
  a symposium on second language writing september 25-26 , 1998 purdue university west lafayette , indiana usa purpose : the purpose of this symposium is to bring together second language writing researchers and teachers to discuss key issues and future directions . you will have opportunities to * learn about the latest developments in the field * network with other researchers and teachers * share your own perspectives on various issues sessions : the symposium consists of keynote and focus sessions , featuring internationally recognized experts in the field of second language writing . in each of the six focus sessions , two speakers will present their perspectives on such topics as theory , research , instruction , assessment , politics , and articulation with other disciplines . in addition , a discussion session at the end of this two-day gathering will provide an opportunity for all participants to continue ongoing conversations , to reflect on and exchange insights gained , and to consider future directions for the field of second language writing . speakers : diane belcher , sarah benesch , joan carson , ulla connor , alister cumming , pat currie , lynn goldstein , william grabe , barbara kroll , ilona leki , liz hamp - lyons , charlene polio , joy reid , terry santos , trudy smoke , and carol severino . for registration information , contact : barbara g . tyner , conference coordinator purdue university 1586 stewart center , room 116 west lafayette , in 47907-1586 usa phone : 765-494 - 2975 or 1-800 - 359-2968 , ext . 92t fax : 765-494 - 0567 e - mail : bgtyner @ cea . purdue . edu for symposium information , contact : tony silva or paul kei matsuda department of english purdue university west lafayette , in 47907-1356 usa phone : 765-494 - 3769 e - mail : pmatsuda @ purdue . edu information is also available at the following url : http : / / omni . cc . purdue . edu / ~ pmatsuda / symposium / purdue university is an equal access / equal opportunity institution .
 "",0
 2322,""Subject: reminder of coling-acl ' 98 workshop deadline ( cvir ' 98 )
  
  call for papers coling-acl 1998 workshop content visualization and intermedia representations ( cvir ' 98 ) august 15 , 1998 university of montreal montreal , quebec , canada workshop description : in the last few years , multimedia systems have become available which integrate text , graphics , sound ( speech and non-speech audio ) , as well as animation . there are many different communities working on such systems ( e . g . , hypermedia , human-machine interaction , information retrieval , scientific visualization , content extraction , dialog tracking ) , each with distinct concerns and goals , and often the communities are not aware of each other 's research and methods . this workshop aims to bring together these communities to examine the questions of the visual presentation of diverse content through multiple media . the major goal is to explore common intermedia representation languages which are expressive enough to cover diverse modalities yet suitably appropriate for the individual media . with increasing amounts of data , information , and knowledge available to the user , the effective use of visualization is increasingly important in applications . examples include : # visualization of data in scientific literature , including support for interactive information retrieval ; # business and finance data visualization ( data profiling ) ; # automated or assisted map , graph , diagram , or image construction from text or data ; event , process , and knowledge editing and visualization tools ; # and knowledge navigation over databases , texts , and search results . the specific issues addressed by the workshop include but are not limited to : 1 . definition of content : different disciplines and applications have distinct perspectives on what content is , e . g . , of text , video , graphics , collections of interactions or correspondences . 2 . knowledge representation : i . e . , what it is , how to represent it , reason about it , and present it . 3 . taxonomies of content representations , tasks , and visualization artifacts . 4 . representations for content and how these relate to and / or facilitate visualization tasks . 5 . selection and organization of content : deciding what to present and how to organize the presentation of selected content and why ( i . e . , effect ) . 6 . deciding how to coordinate the presentation of content through several media : 7 . the relationship of cognitive task to visualization content and style ( e . g . , visualization structure , properties , form , coherency , interpretability , and accuracy of displays ) . 8 . deciding how to accept and integrate input from several media . 9 . medium - specific encoding of content . 10 . presentation and interaction techniques of generated results . 11 . tailoring visualizations to specific user and usergroup characteristics , knowledge , and interests . 12 . content visualization evaluation metrics and methods . we encourage submissions of demonstrations and / or videos of working visualizations pertaining to the above topics . the organizers will produce a workshop report and , providing there is sufficient interest and adequate results reported , will consider a special edited journal issue and / or state of the art collection . authors are encouraged to submit their workshop papers simultaneously for public discussion to the area intelligence user interfaces of the electronic transactions on artificial intelligence ( etai ) . the etai is a new kind of electronic journal using open and posteriori reviewing . formally , the rules work as follows . in the etai , you first have the article discussed for three months , then you have a chance to revise it based on the feedback , and then you decide whether to submit it for refereeing in the etai or in some other journal . for more information , see : http : / / www . ida . liu . se / ext / etai / . sponsors : sigmedia ( acl 's special interest group on multimedia language processing ) acl / coling program committee : elisabeth andre , dfki saarbruecken branimir boguraev , ibm watson research steve feiner , columbia university michael johnston , oregon graduate institute mark maybury , mitre corporation james pustejovsky , brandeis university steve roth , carnegie mellon university wolfgang wahlster , dfki saarbruecken kent wittenburg , gte laboratories program chairs : james pustejovsky , brandeis university mark t . maybury , mitre requirements for submission : papers are invited that address any of the topics listed above . maximum length is 8 pages including figures and references . please use us or a4 letter format and set margins so that the text lies within a rectangle of 6 . 5 x 9 inches ( 16 . 5 x 23 cm ) . use classical fonts such as times roman or computer modern , 11 to 12 points for text , 14 to 16 points for headings and title . latex users are encouraged to use the acl style file for latex . ms - word users should use the acl style file for ms - word . submissions can be made either as hardcopies or electronically in ascii , postscript , html , or ms - word format . they should be sent to : james pustejovsky cvir ' 98 computer science department 258 volen brandeis university waltham , ma 02254-9110 voice : 1-781 - 736-2709 fax : 1-781 - 736-2741 email : jamesp @ cs . brandeis . edu more detailed information on the workshop can be found at : http : / / www . cs . brandeis . edu / ~ jamesp / cvir / timetable * deadline for electronic submissions : march 11 , 1998 * deadline for hardcopy submissions : march 13 ( arrival date ) * notification of acceptance : may 1 , 1998 * final manuscripts due : june 12 , 1998 organizer information : mark t . maybury , director advanced information systems center the mitre corporation ( ms k308 ) 202 burlington road bedford , ma 01730 tel : 1-78 - 271-7230 fax : 1-781 - 271-2780 maybury @ mitre . org james pustejovsky , associate professor computer science department and volen center for complex systems brandeis university waltham , ma 02254-9110 voice : 1-781 - 736-2709 fax : 1-781 - 736-2741 jamesp @ cs . brandeis . edu james pustejovsky associate professor computer science department and volen center for complex systems brandeis university waltham , ma 02254-9110 usa voice : 1-781 - 736-2709 fax : 1-781 - 736-2741 jamesp @ cs . brandeis . edu http : / / www . cs . brandeis . edu / ~ jamesp http : / / www . cs . brandeis . edu / ~ rllc
 "",0
 2323,""Subject: cfp : literature and cognitive science ( collection )
  
  literature and cognitive science the editors seek submissions for a collection that aims to facilitate a discussion between the disciplines of literary criticism and cognitive science , centering on the reading of literature . in the spirit of _ more than cool reason _ and subsequent work by mark turner , george lakoff and others , we believe that cognitive approaches to literary texts benefit both disciplines . therefore , we are soliciting two types of papers , works by cognitive scientists / linguists that employ literary texts primarily as examples of language use , and works of literary criticism that use cognitive linguistics or conceptual blending , broadly construed , as tools for analysis . each paper should be an original and valuable contribution to the idiom of its own field . optionally , the papers may either critique some aspects of a conceptual approach or contrast this approach with other approaches current in the respective discipline . possible topics include : genre definition / canon formation textual criticism conceptual basis for literary constructions , including iconicity issues translation studies stylistics / poetics historical development of conceptual structures categorization issues polysemy
 "",0
 2324,""Subject: 4th intl colloquium on grammatical inference ( icgl )
  
  final call for papers http : / / www . cs . iastate . edu / ~ icgi98 / icgi98 . html fourth international colloquium on grammatical inference ( icgi-98 ) program co - chairs : vasant honavar and giora slutzki iowa state university july 12-14 , 1998 iowa state university ames , iowa , usa . cosponsored by international institute of theoretical and applied physics iowa state university and in cooperation with american association for artificial intelligence ieee systems , man , and cybernetics society acl special interest group on natural language learning introduction grammatical inference , variously refered to as automata induction , grammar induction , and automatic language acquisition , refers to the process of learning of grammars and languages from data . machine learning of grammars finds a variety of applications in syntactic pattern recognition , adaptive intelligent agents , diagnosis , computational biology , systems modelling , prediction , natural language acquisition , data mining and knowledge discovery . traditionally , grammatical inference has been studied by researchers in several research communities including : information theory , formal languages , automata theory , language acquisition , computational linguistics , machine learning , pattern recognition , computational learning theory , neural networks , etc . perhaps one of the first attempts to bring together researchers working on grammatical inference for an interdisciplinary exchange of research results took place under the aegis of the first colloquium on grammatical inference held at the university of essex in united kingdom in april 1993 . this was followed by the ( second ) international colloquium on grammatical inference , held at alicante in spain , the proceedings of which were published by springer - verlag as volume 862 of the lectures notes in artificial intelligence , and the third international colloquium on grammatical inference , held at montpellier in france , the proceedings of which were published by springer - verlag as volume 1147 of the lecture notes in artificial intelligence . following the success of these events and the workshop on automata induction , grammatical inference , and language acquisition , held in conjunction with the international conference on machine learning at nashville in united states in july 1997 , the fourth international colloquium on grammatical inference will be held from july 12 through july 14 , 1998 , at iowa state university in united states . topics of interest the conference seeks to provide a forum for presentation and discussion of original research papers on all aspects of grammatical inference including , but not limited to : * different models of grammar induction : e . g . , learning from examples , learning using examples and queries , incremental versus non-incremental learning , distribution-free models of learning , learning under various distributional assumptions ( e . g . , simple distributions ) , impossibility results , complexity results , characterizations of representational and search biases of grammar induction algorithms . * algorithms for induction of different classes of languages and automata : e . g . , regular , context-free , and context-sensitive languages , interesting subsets of the above under additional syntactic constraints , tree and graph grammars , picture grammars , multi-dimensional grammars , attributed grammars , parameterized models , etc . * theoretical and experimental analysis of different approaches to grammar induction including artificial neural networks , statistical methods , symbolic methods , information-theoretic approaches , minimum description length , and complexity-theoretic approaches , heuristic methods , etc . * broader perspectives on grammar induction - - e . g . , acquisition of grammar in conjunction with language semantics , semantic constraints on grammars , language acquisition by situated agents and robots , acquisition of language constructs that describe objects and events in space and time , developmental and evolutionary constraints on language acquisition , etc . * demonstrated or potential applications of grammar induction in natural language acquisition , computational biology , structural pattern recognition , information retrieval , text processing , adaptive intelligent agents , systems modelling and control , and other domains . program committee technical program chairs : vasant honavar and giora slutzki , iowa state university , usa . technical program committee : r . berwick , mit , usa a . brazma , european bioinformatics institute , cambridge , uk . m . brent , johns hopkins university , usa c . cardie , cornell university , usa w . daelemans , tilburg university , netherlands d . dowe , monash university , australia p . dupont , univ . st . etienne , france . d . estival , university of melbourne , australia j . feldman , international computer science institute , berkeley , usa l . giles , nec research institute , princeton , usa j . gregor , university of tennessee , usa c . de la higuera , lirmm , france a . itai , technion , israel t . knuutila , university of turku , finland j . koza , stanford university , usa k . lang , nec research institute , princeton , usa . m . li , university of waterloo , canada e . makinen , university of tampere , finland l . miclet , enssat , lannion , france . g . nagaraja , indian institute of technology , bombay , india h . ney , university of technology , aachen , germany j . nicolas , irisa , france r . parekh , allstate research and planning center , menlo park , usa l . pitt , university of illinois at urbana - champaign , usa d . powers , flinders university , australia l . reeker , national science foundation , usa y . sakakibara , tokyo denki university , japan . c . samuelsson , lucent technologies , usa a . sharma , university of new south wales , australia . e . vidal , u . politecnica de valencia , spain local arrangements committee dale grosvenor , iowa state university , usa . k . balakrishnan , iowa state university , usa . r . bhatt , iowa state university , usa j . yang , iowa state university , usa . conference format and proceedings the conference will include oral and possibly poster presentations of accepted papers , a small number of tutorials and invited talks . all accepted papers will appear in the conference proceedings to be published by a major publisher . ( negotiations are underway with springer - verlag regarding the publication of icgi-98 proceedings as a volume in their lecture notes in artificial intelligence a subseries of the lecture notes in computer science ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - submission of papers postscript versions of the papers , no more than 12 pages long , ( including figures , tables , and references ) , should be submitted electronically to icgi98 - submissions @ cs . iastate . edu . accepted papers will be allocated 12 pages in the proceedings ( long papers ) or 6 pages in the proceedings ( short papers ) . in those rare instances where authors might be unable to submit postscript versions of their papers electronically , we will try to accomodate them . each paper will be rigorously refereed by at least 2 reviewers for technical soundness , originality , and clarity of presentation . deadlines the relevant schedule for paper submissions is as follows : * march 20 , 1998 . deadline for receipt of manuscripts * april 21 , 1998 . notification of acceptance * may 1 , 1998 . camera ready copies due submission of proposals for tutorials the conference will include a small number of short ( 2 - hour ) tutorials on selected topics in grammatical inference . some examples of possible tutorial topics are : hidden markov models , computational biology applications , and pac learnability of grammars . this list is meant only to be suggestive and not exhaustive . those interested in presenting a a tutorial should submit a proposal ( in plain text format ) to icgi-submissions @ cs . iastate . edu by electronic mail : * a brief abstract ( 300 words or less ) describing the topics to be covered * a brief description of the target audience and their expected background * a brief curriculum vitae including the proposer 's relevant qualifications and publications the relevant schedule for tutorials is as follows : * march 1 , 1998 . deadline for receipt of tutorial proposals * april 1 , 1998 . notification of acceptance * may 1 , 1998 . tutorial notes due financial support limited financial support might be available , subject to the availability of funds , for : * scientists ( especially junior researchers ) from developing countries , especially for those who can find other sources of support for extended visit at a us institution * graduate students and postdocs from us institutions additional details will be posted as they become available .
 "",0
 2325,""Subject: ials ( 6th lang teacher ed )
  
  the university of edinburgh institute for applied language studies ( ials ) 6th symposium for language teacher educators evaluation and research in language teacher education - - - - - - - - - - edinburgh - - - - - - - - - - - wednesday 18th november - friday 20th november 1998 call for papers * the role of research and evaluation in language teacher education * methods of researching and evaluating language teacher education * the ethics of evaluation and research in language teacher education * evaluating programmes , trainers , and materials in language teacher education * researching the influence of context on the delivery of language teacher education * researching and evaluating methodologies of language teacher education * research as part of the process of training and teacher development * assessing the development of trainee skills * investigating how teachers change * researching supervision and post-lesson feedback * researching the impact of new technologies in language teacher education _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the ials symposia offer a forum for professional exchange among language teacher educators based in the uk and overseas . numbers are limited to 60 . the themes listed above indicate the possible coverage of the papers . papers should not be limited to reports of research but also reflect on the process of research and evaluation and on their role in language teacher education . if you would like to submit a proposal for a paper on any topic related to the theme of the symposium , please write for a proposal form and further information to : suzie huggins 6th ials symposium for language teacher educators institute for applied language studies university of edinburgh 21 hill place edinburgh eh8 9dp scotland , uk . phone 0131 650 6200 fax 0131 667 5927 email : ials . symposium @ ed . ac . uk
 "",0
 2326,""Subject: ecai-98 # 7 : final call for young researcher papers
  
  august 23-28 1998 brighton uk final call for young researcher papers http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 / youngrescall . html * * * student registration rate before june 1st will be 90 pounds sterling * * * the ecai-98 programme committee is pleased to announce a special programme of short papers for young researchers . important dates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 mar 1998 deadline for abstracts 11 mar 1998 deadline for papers 15 apr 1998 notification of acceptance 15 may 1998 camera - ready copies of papers 26-28 aug 1998 student programme at ecai-98 the aim is to encourage younger ai researchers to attend ecai-98 and to present their on-going work , in the form of short ( 2 page ) papers , which will appear in the conference proceedings . a short paper may either report on the innovative points of work in progress , or on a particular result of special interest . the call is open to researchers who satisfy at least one of the following criteria on 11 march 1998 : - they are under 28 years old - they are currently studying for a phd or other degree qualification in ai ( or a related topic ) - they received a phd in ai ( or a related topic ) within the past two years . submissions are invited on original and previously unpublished research in all aspects of ai , including , but not limited to : abduction , temporal , causal reasoning , and diagnosis ; automated reasoning ; application and enabling technologies ; belief revision and nonmonotonic reasoning ; case - based reasoning ; cognitive modelling and philosophical foundations ; computational linguistics ; constraint - based reasoning and constraint programming ; distributed ai and multiagent systems ; fuzzy logic ; knowledge acquisition ; knowledge representation ; logic programming , and theorem proving ; machine learning , knowledge discovery and data mining ; natural language and intelligent user interfaces ; neural networks in ai ; planning , scheduling , and reasoning about actions ; probabilistic networks ; qualitative preferences and decision in ai ; qualitative and spatial reasoning ; reasoning under uncertainty ; robotics , vision , and signal understanding ; search and meta - heuristics for ai ; verification , validation and testing of knowledge - based systems . submissions should be two pages long using the format described on the ecai-98 style guide web page : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 / style . html a latex style file is available on the website ( or on request . to ecai98 @ cogs . susx . ac . uk ) . accepted papers will be required to conform more strictly to the publishers ' formatting requirements , which will be broadly in line with the present formatting guidelines . submission procedure submission is a two stage process , similar to the process for long papers . an electronic abstract should be sent to ecai98 @ irit . fr by 6 march 1998 . this summary should include the title , author , contact address and abstract for the paper , plus keywords drawn from the above list ( plus other keywords if appropriate ) . a web-based summary submission form is available to make this easier . this summary information should also be included with the paper itself , on a separate sheet of paper . submission of the paper is in hard copy form only , electronic submissions will not be accepted . four copies of the paper ( each including the summary sheet ) , should be sent by post to the ecai-98 programme chair , henri prade , at the address below . the title page should include a statement indicating which of the above eligibility criteria the author satisfies and that the paper has not been submitted elsewhere . the deadline for receipt of papers is 11 march 1998 . papers received after this date will not be reviewed . address for submission - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - henri prade , ecai-98 programme chair irit universite paul sabatier 118 route de narbonne 31062 toulouse cedex 4 france email : henri . prade @ irit . fr tel : + 33 ( 0 ) 561 55 65 79 fax : + 33 ( 0 ) 561 55 62 39 multiple submissions policy ecai-98 will not accept any paper which at the time of submission is under review for , or has already been published or accepted for publication in a journal or another conference . authors are also expected not to submit their papers elsewhere during the review period . these restrictions apply only to journals and conferences and not to workshops or similar specialised meetings with limited audiences . the title page should include a statement that the paper is not under review or accepted for publication in another conference or journal . however , if a young researcher has already submitted a regular paper to ecai-98 , a new submission on the same topic in the form of a short paper is permitted provided that the author declares it on submission . if the regular paper is accepted , the short paper will be considered to have been withdrawn . however such a double submission is not encouraged . the review process the short papers will be reviewed under the control of the ecai-98 program committee under the chairmanship of the ecai-98 programme chair . the ecai-98 programme chair has final authority over the review process and all decisions relating to acceptance of papers . accepted papers will be allocated 15 minutes for oral presentation and 2 pages in the official ecai-98 proceedings . note : as is usual at ecai conferences , students will be able to register for the conference at a significantly reduced and subsidised rate . the registration rate for students who register before june 1st will be 90 pounds sterling . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ecai-98 secretariat tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 678448 centre for advanced software applications fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 671320 university of sussex email : ecai98 @ cogs . susx . ac . uk brighton , bn1 9qh , uk url : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 ecai-98 is organised by the european coordinating committee for artificial intelligence ( eccai ) and hosted by the universities of brighton and sussex on behalf of aisb . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",0
 2327,""Subject: lrec workshop
  
  * lrec workshop announcement * adapting lexical and corpus resources to sublanguages and applications a workshop to be held at the first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 26 may 1998 the workshop will provide a forum for those researchers involved in the development of methods to integrate corpora and mrds , with the aim of adding adaptive capabilities to existing linguistic resources . organisers : roberto basili ( university of roma """" tor vergata """" ) , roberta catizone ( university of sheffield ) , maria teresa pazienza ( university of roma """" tor vergata """" ) , paola velardi ( university of roma """" la sapienza ) , yorick wilks ( university of sheffield ) workshop scope and aims lexicons , i . e . , those components of a nlp system that contain """" computable """" information about words , cannot be considered as static objects . words may behave very differently in different domains , and there are language phenomena that do not generalize across sublanguages . lexicons are a snapshot of a given stage of development of a language , normally provided without support for adaptation changes , whether caused by language creativity and development or the shift to such a previously unencountered domain . the divergence of corpus usages from lexical norms has been studied computationally at least since the late sixties , but only recently has the availability of large on-line corpora made it possible to establish methods to cope systematically with this problem . an emerging branch of research is now involved in studies and experiments on corpus-driven linguistics , with the aim of complementing and extending earlier work on lexicon acquisition based on machine readable dictionaries ( mrd ) : data are extracted from texts , as embodiments of language in use , so as to capture lexical regularities and to code them into operational forms . the purpose of this workshop will be to provide an updated snapshot of current work in the area , and promote discussion of how to make progress . central topics will be ( though this list is in no way exclusive ) : * corpus-driven tuning of mrds to optimize domain-specific inferences , * terminology and jargon acquisition , * sense extensions , * acquisition of preference or subcategorization information from corpora * taxonomy adaptation , * statistical weighting of senses etc . to domains * use of mrds to provide explanations of linguistic phenomena in corpora * what is the scope of """" lexical tuning """" * the evaluation of lexical tuning as a separate task , or as part of a more generic task industrial panel * * * new * * * * automatic adaptation of lexicons to new domains through the use of application corpora makes nlp applications more adaptable and portable . the program commettee is organizing a joint panel to discuss this ( and other ) issues concerning next generation information extraction systems . the panel intends to bring industrial representatives to confront expectations in ie from their viewpoint and degree of maturity of the offering . the following ( and other ) issues will be discussed : - is there a market for ie ? - what is the demand in domains such as new services for the citizens , telecommunications , management support , etc ? - what are the technical requirements ? is the technology near to the market ? program committee yorick wilks university of sheffield roberta catizone university of sheffield paola velardi university of roma """" la sapienza """" maria teresa pazienza university of roma """" tor vergata """" roberto basili university of roma """" tor vergata """" bran boguraev brandeis university sergei nirenburg new mexico state university james pustejowsky brandeis university ralph grishman new york university christiane fellbaum princeton university paper submission formatting guidelines : papers should not exceed 4000 words or 10 pages . hard copies : three hard copies should be sent to : paola velardi dipartimento di scienza dell ' informazione via salaria 113 00198 roma italy electronic submission : electronic submission will be allowed in poscript or word per mac or rtf . an ftp site will be available on demand . authors should send an info email to paola velardi ( velardi @ dsi . uniroma1 . it ) even important dates * * * * * ( please note extended deadline ) * * * * * * paper submission deadline ( hard copy / electronic ) march 10 paper notification april 1 camera - ready papers due april 20 l&ct workshop may 26 prof . paola velardi dipartimento di scienza dell ' informazione via salaria 113 universita ' """" la sapienza """" 00198 roma ph . + 39 - ( 0 ) 6-49918356 fax + 39 - ( 0 ) 6-8541842 8841964
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 2328,""Subject: dialog ' 98
  
  dialogue ' 98 international workshop on computational linguistics and its applications kazan ( russia ) , may 31 - june 4 , 1998 * * * * final call for papers * * * * dear colleagues , as you probably know dialogue ' 98 , an international annual workshop on computational linguistics and its applications , will take place this year in may 31 - june 4 , near kazan ( tatarstan , russian federation ) . dialogue ' 98 should become fourth international workshop in row of dialogue ' 95 kazan dialogue ' 96 puschino dialogue ' 97 yasnaya polyana reviving the tradition of the interdisciplinary dialogue seminars which were regular national events in the ussr during 70s - 80s . the workshop is an annual meeting place for a dialogue : a ) between researchers from different fields that are related to computational linguistics ( linguists , computer and cognitive scientists , psychologists , researchers in the artificial intelligence ) ; b ) between researchers from the former ussr and the international community . topics of interest include ( but are not limited to ) : * theoretical and cognitive linguistics * syntax , semantics , pragmatics and their interaction * multilingual natural language processing * systems for natural language processing * text , dialogue and speech act in the computational framework * knowledge representation and processing the number of participants is expected about 100 . every prospective attendee is required to submit a short research summary including relevant recent publications , regular and e-mail address , fax and phone numbers . participants who wish to present their work are additionally required to submit a poster ( 3 - 4 double-spaced pages , 6 - 8 kb ) or a full paper ( not exceeding 12 double - spaced pages , 24 kb ) preferably via e-mail ( in plain ascii or uuencoded winword files ) to the aldress of the program committee . because of some additional organizing difficulties which postponed this letter the commitee decided to add two weeks to the time-table of formation of the workshop 's program : * * * deadline for submission : march 16 , 1998 * * * notification of acceptance : march 25 , 1998 * * * final paper due : april 15 , 1998 please send submissions in russian or english , papers in russian should be accompanied with a short summary in english ( approximately 100-200 words ) . we plan to organize selected english - to - russian and russian - to - english translation of talks . addresses for all correspondence : e-mail : dialog98 @ bull . nmd . msu . ru snail mail : dialogue ' 98 russian instititue for artificial intelligence p . o . box 111 , moscow , 103001 , russia . in the field of computational linguistics in russia the dialogue workshops became regular annual events which attract leading researchers from the former ussr as well as other countries . we hope that dialogue ' 98 will continue this tradition . program committee : alexander s . narin ' yani , program chair ( russian institute of artificial intelligence ) christian boitet ( grenoble university ) rais . g . bukharajev ( kazan state university ) ilya n . gorelov ( saratov state university ) alexander e . kibrik ( moscow state university ) igor a . mel ' chuk ( montreal university ) sergei nirenburg ( new - mexico state university ) haldur oim ( tartu university ) dmitrij a . pospelov ( computer center of russian academy of sciences ) secretariate : natalya i . laufer , ( russian institute of artificial intelligence ) olga . v . fedorova , ( moscow state university ) in the organizing committee are included : rais . g . bukharajev ( kazan state university ) valeri solovyev ( kazan state university ) djavdet sulejmanov ( kazan state university ) il 'd us hajbullin ( tatarstan academy of scienses ) nail ' zaimov ( kazan state university ) if you have questions about the workshop , please send e-mail letters to the above-mentioned addresses . please , share this information letter with people you think it may concern .
 "",0
 2329,""Subject: new trends in variationist linguistics : from attitudes to grammar
  
  the linguistic association of finland is organizing a summer course / workshop on new trends in variationist linguistics : from attitudes to grammar to be held at the university of oulu , the per \ 228meri research station by the unique nature reserves on the hailuoto island august 14-16 , 1998 the workshop will bring together researchers and phd students working in the field of language variation , ranging from morpho-syntactic variation to dialectology , sociolinguistic variation , code-switching , language attitudes and beliefs , and variation in interactional practices . the aim of the workshop is to explore new issues in the study of variation , such as the use of new methodologies and types of data . participants are strongly encouraged to give a paper on any aspect of language variation , as this is an excellent opportunity to get feedback from others working in this area and from some of the leading scholars in variationist studies . invited speakers : peter auer ( university of hamburg ) juhani klemola ( university of leeds ) dennis preston ( michigan state university ) activities : * lectures by invited speakers * presentations by other participants ( 20 min + 10 min for discussion ) * recommended readings before the workshop ( the reading list will be distri - buted to registered participants ) registration fees : * general : fim 200 * members of the association : fim 100 * undergraduate and ma students free * payment upon registration * send by giro account no 800013-1424850 to the linguistic association of finland ( sky ) / variation , or payment at the beginning of the workshop in cash other costs : * accommodation and food fim 170 x 3 . accommodation primarily in 4 - 8 person rooms . * bus from oulu to hailuoto on the morning of 14 august and back on the afternoon of 16 august ( fare between fim 50-100 ) the deadline for submission of abstracts ( one page ; preferably in english ) and registration is april 30 , 1998 . please register and submit an abstract by e-mail to the following address : variation @ ling . helsinki . fi if you send this information by snail mail , please provide an e-mail address as a contact address ( if possible ) . participants will be notified about acceptance by may 31 . for further information , please contact one of the following organizers : marja leinonen marja - leena sorjonen filologia ii department of finnish university of tampere p . o . box 33 p . o . box 67 fin-00014 university of helsinki 33101 tampere finland finland e-mail : sorjonen @ helsinki . fi e-mail : f2male @ uta . fi elise k \ 228rkk \ 228inen matti miestamo department of english department of linguistics university of oulu p . o . box 4 p . o . box 111 fin-00014 university of helsinki fin-90571 oulu finland finland e-mail : matmies @ ling . helsinki . fi e-mail : elise . karkkainen @ oulu . fi information can also be found at : http : / / www . ling . helsinki . fi / sky / variation . html
 "",0
 2330,""Subject: dialectal variation
  
  harold orton centenary conference : dialectal variation in english school of english university of leeds leeds ls2 9jt uk march 24-26 1998 third circular : program ( me ) tuesday , 24 march 14 . 00 - 14 . 45 registration and coffee at devonshire hall 14 . 45 - 15 . 00 welcome 15 . 00 - 16 . 00 plenary lawrence m davis , charles l houck & veronika horv \ 225th . the east - west new england dialect boundary : another look at the evidence . 16 . 00 - 16 . 30 tea break 16 . 30 - 18 . 00 parallel sessions a nineteenth century dialectology manfred g \ 246rlach . attitudes towards bre dialects in the 19th century . graham shorrocks . an assessment of the development and achievements of british english dialectology in the c19 . bernard jones . barnes and the english dialect society . b regional dialectology 1 kurt rydland . front rounded vowels in traditional northumbrian english : the evidence of the orton corpus . peter wright . earliest days of the survey : its lancashire investigations through dr . fritz rohrer of the university of zurich . mark j jones . the phonology of definite article reduction . 18 . 15 visit to brotherton library , for exhibition , and reception sponsored by routledge 19 . 30 return to devonshire hall dinner , & talk : stanley ellis . reminiscences of the harold orton and the sed wednesday , 25 march 09 . 00 - 10 . 30 parallel sessions a lexicology anna - oksana lozynska . on some problems of decoding polysemantic elements of authentic text . uliana potiantynyk . evolution of slang in the last decades of the 20th century . natalia klimenko . linguistic aspect of adoption of english borrowing ( neologisms ) in the russian language . b social approaches 1 dominic watt . the nurse and north sets in tyneside english . jenny cheshire , annie gillett & ann williams . new dialects for old ? change and continuity in urban british english . sali tagliamonte . synchrony and diachrony in an english dialect . 10 . 30 - 11 . 00 coffee break 11 . 00 - 12 . 00 plenary william elmer . computer capture of the sed basic material . 12 . 00 - 13 . 00 parallel sessions a historical dialectology 1 jeremy smith . prolegomena to a new history of middle english spelling : dialectal variation and communicative function . robert stockwell & donka minkova . explanations of sound change : the intersection between dialect data and phonetic ' naturalness ' . b social approaches 2 paul foulkes & gerry docherty . variation in the realisation of glottal in tyneside english . kimberley farrar , esther grabe & francis nolan . english intonation in the british isles . 13 . 00 - 14 . 00 lunch 14 . 00 - 15 . 30 parallel sessions a social approaches 3 c macafee . scots language attitudes and language maintenance . jane stuart - smith . t - glottalling in glaswegian . jennifer smith . ' but they never tells you that in the paper ' : grammatical variation in a scottish dialect . b dialect in literature joan beal . popular literature in tyneside english : from geordie ridley to viz . rory mcturk . where have all the dialects gone ? some problems of literary translation from english into icelandic . hans sauer . literary representations of modern scottish english . 15 . 30 - 16 . 00 tea break 16 . 00 - 17 . 30 parallel sessions a social approaches 4 sandrine dalban . supra - local forms and gender identity : a study of tyneside adolescents . louise cunningham . gender and dialects : issues of social change . lyndsay jarvis . measuring the decline of scots vocabulary b regional dialectology 2 heinrich ramisch . the definite article in northern english dialects . gunnel melchers . ' brittly , cassen , splay-feeted ' . derivational morphology in regional dialects . 17 . 00 - 18 . 00 guillaume schiltz . workshop on dialectometry . 18 . 00 - 19 . 00 reception , talk and readings the novelist and script-writer barry hines . ( yorkshire & humberside arts ) 19 . 45 for 20 . 00 reception and conference dinner . music by o'contraire . thursday , 26 march 09 . 00 - 10 . 00 plenary william a kretzschmar jr . the future of dialectology . 10 . 00 - 11 . 00 parallel sessions a ongoing leeds projects jussi klemola & mark jones . the leeds corpus of english dialects project , clive upton & carmen llamas . the first sure moves : early steps towards a large dialect project b international perspectives elvira myachinskaya & yuri kleiner . english dialectology in leningrad - st petersburg , russia chris jeffrey . english in south africa 11 . 00 - 11 . 30 coffee break 11 . 30 - 13 . 00 parallel sessions a historical dialectology 2 derek a britton . richard brome and lancashire dialect of the seventeenth century . anette rosenbach & letizia vezzosi . was the s-genitive a traveller through england ? merja black . parellel lines through time ? written and spoken variation in english dialects . b regional dialectology 3 arnold kellett . bridging the dialect gap . john widdowson . lexical erosion in english regional dialects . alan v murray . ' you can't wesist my chawisma ' : sociolinguistic aspects of / r / variation in dialects of british english 12 . 00 - 13 . 00 lunch and farewell pm optional excursion to ilkley and its moor ( payment extra ) , if there is sufficient demand , . harold orton centenary conference march 24-26 1998 registration details 1998 sees the centenary of the birth of harold orton , co-founder of the survey of english dialects , and the half-centenary of the survey itself . the conference aims to take stock of the research achievements in dialectology to date ; to address current issues in diachronic and synchronic variation in english , from the perspectives of dialectology , socio-linguistics ; corpus-based linguistics ; stylistics , literary dialect study , and other related fields ; and to look forward to research projects for the new millennium . the conference organisers also wish to bring together colleagues and young scholars working on linguistic variation in english from all over the world . a selection of papers will be published in the leeds studies in english . offers of ' work in progress ' reports or project details ( as poster sessions ) , workshops , , etc . are still welcome . please send any titles as soon as possible to dr clive upton < clive @ sed . prestel . co . uk > or < c . s . upton @ leeds . ac . uk > ; or c / o school of english , university of leeds . during the conference : there will be a special exhibition of sed materials , etc and regional writers in the special collections section of the brotherton library . other archive materials , from the sed and former institute of folk life studies housed in the school of english can be made available for consultation . there will also be exhibitions and book and dialect society displays , poster sessions , on site . a lunch-time finish allows people to go on to the sociolinguistics symposium 12 at the institute of education ( mid-day 26 march to saturday 28 march ) , organised by euan reid . in timetabling the papers , we have endeavoured to accommodate this event . location of conference and registration . the conference is being held in the university 's devonshire hall , which is set in its own ' cloistered ' grounds just 10 / 15 minute walk north of the main campus across woodhouse moor , and off the road to headingley ( otley road ) there are frequent bus services to the campus and city , just 10 / 15 minutes away . there is a lounge bar , squash court , launderette , billiards and snooker rooms , and dance area . all study bedrooms have wash handbasins , and tea and coffee making facilities . there is on-street car parking near the main gates . registration and welcome on tuesday 24 march from 2 . 00 p . m . onwards . leeds is a vibrant , cosmopolitan city , full of markets , malls , galleries and caf \ 233s . the university of leeds is one of the largest in the uk . the mainline station is only one mile from the university , and has full intercity connections . there is an hourly train link with london ( journey time between 2 hours and 2 and a half hours ) . the m1 / m62 reaches into the city centre . the leeds / bradford airport 6 miles away serves the uk and europe , with british midland shuttles to london , amsterdam and paris . there is also an excellent rail link between leeds and manchester airport . optional excursion : to ilkley & its moor ( singing obligatory ) . costs : the full residential package includes conference fee ; bed and full english breakfast , morning and afternoon refreshments , two course buffet lunch with coffee , three course dinner with coffee / conference banquet ; drinks reception . \ 163145 the non-residential package includes conference fee ; morning and afternoon refreshments ; lunch and dinner / banquet ; drinks reception . \ 163105 harold orton conference registration form ( please detach and return to catherine sowden , conference secretary , school of english , university of leeds , leeds ls2 9jt ) title and name - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - address for correspondence - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - telephone - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - fax - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - e - mail - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - are you intending to give a paper ? - - - - - - - - or workshop ? - - - - - - - - or poster session ? - - - - - - - - - any special audio-visual and / or computing equipment requirements ? would you be willing to chair a session ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - do you wish your session to be timetabled to enable you to go on to the sociolinguistics symposion on thursday afternoon ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( please try to bring all your hand-outs with you . photocopying facilities are limited , and you will be charged . ) do you want ( a ) full board - - - - - - - ( b ) non-residential package - - - - - - - any special dietary requirements ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - do you want any additional nights bed and breakfast ? ( cost : \ 16326 per person per night ) ( please specify ) - - - - - - - - would you be interested in any excursion , and if so where to ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cheques in sterling and drawn on a uk clearing bank or eurocheque account should be made payable to ' the university of leeds ' , and sent to catherine sowden , conference secretary , school of english , university of leeds , leeds ls2 9jt . credit card payments also accepted ( access , master card and visa only ) : credit card name and number : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - expiry date - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - signature - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - please return this form by january 31st 1998 at the latest if you require residential accommodation ! ! ! if you have any queries , please contact professor katie wales , conference organiser , school of english , university of leeds . < k . wales @ leeds . ac . uk > please feel free to inform colleagues of this conference . or if you know of someone who would like to be put on our mailing list , please let katie wales know . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * anthea fraser gupta : http : / / www . leeds . ac . uk / english / $ staff / afg school of english university of leeds leeds ls2 9jt uk * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",0
 2331,""Subject: workshops and conferences at 1999 institute
  
  workshops and conferences at the 1999 linguistic institute linguistics for the 21st century : form and function from western and nonwestern perspectives the summer linguistic institute has traditionally been a popular venue for host workshops and conferences . the upcoming 1999 institute will be held at the university of illinois june 21 - july 30 1999 . if you are interested in organizing a workshop or conference at the 1999 linguistic institute , please contact us as soon as pos - sible ( before may 30 1998 , if at all possible ) . the infrastructure will be in place to host events that range from 10-500 participants . we expect dozens of events to be held here during the institute , and popular dates and rooms will fill up fast . information on the web : about the institute : http : / / cogsci . uiuc . edu / ~ linginst / 1999 / page . html . about the linguistics department at the university of illinois : http : / / www . cogsci . uiuc . edu / linguistics . about the university of illinois and surrounding community : http : / / www . uiuc . edu adele goldberg , internal associate director linguistics department 4088 foreign languages building 707 south mathews urbana , il 61801 adele @ cogsci . uiuc . edu 217 333-7017 hans henrich hock , director ivan sag , external director kelly maynard , assistant
 "",0
 2332,""Subject: discourse , anaphora and reference resolution 2 - call for delegates
  
  call for delegates daarrc2 - discourse , anaphora and reference resolution colloquium lancaster university , 1 - 4th august , 1998 invited speakers - prof . michael hoey """" looking at the text linguistics of certain words """" prof . pieter seuren """" a discourse - semantic account of donkey anaphora """" branimir boguraev """" anaphora in computational linguistics """" in this email : description draft programme registration form description anaphora and problems of reference resolution have received a great deal of attention from workers in linguistics , computational linguistics , artificial intelligence and information retrieval for a number of decades . such problems have proved a major challenge for all of these fields , and a great many differing theories and solutions have been proposed and implemented with varying degrees of success . this colloquium aims to fill a need for researchers in this field to meet . our hope is that this meeting will allow all of the different strands of work to be identified , with a view to producing an up-to - date review of the field . to this end , a coloquium will take place from the 1st to the 4th of august , 1998 at lancaster university , uk , organized jointly by the department of linguistics , lancaster university and the institute for english studies , lodz university , poland . this colloquium is a follow up to the highly succesful daarc colloquium held at lancaster in 1996 . our aim this time is specifically geared towards encouraging a cross-fertilization of ideas between theoretical linguistics , corpus linguistics and computational linguistics . the daarc2 organizing committee simon botley , lodz university , poland tony mcenery , lancaster university , uk ruslan mitkov , wolverhampton university , uk pieter seuren , nijmegen university , netherlands andrew wilson , chemnitz university , germany draft programme day 1 2 - 5 registration 7 buffet / wine reception day 2 8 - 9 breakfast 9 - 10 plenary a - michael hoey 6 """" looking at the text linguistics of certain words """" 10 - 11 session a - corpus 1 marco antonio de rocha , university of sussex , uk , """" anaphora , collocations and discourse markers in dialogues in english and portuguese """" michael barlow , rice university , usa , """" feature mismatches and anaphora resolution """" 11 - 11 : 30 coffee 11 : 30 - 1 session b computational ruslan mitkov , university of wolverhampton , uk , """" evaluating anaphora resolution approaches """" suzanne luperfoy , mitre corporation , usa , """" incremental pronoun resolution in discourse representation theory """" s . azzam , k . humphreys , and r . gaizauskas , university of sheffield , uk , """" extending a simple coreference algorithm with a focusing mechanism """" 1 - 2 : 30 lunch 2 : 30 - 4 : 00 session c - theoretical approaches 1 kris fletcher , university of lincolnshire and humberside , """" proactive versus retroactive processing in pronominal resolution """" sophia cormack , university of sunderland , """" incremental pronoun resolution in discourse representation theory """" miriam eckert , university of edinburgh , uk , """" the german topic position and null anaphora """" 4 - 4 : 30 tea 4 : 30 - 6 : 30 session d - theoretical approaches 2 ileana comorowski , university of nancy , france , """" wh - complements and donkey anaphora """" evelyn fogwe , university of hamburg , germany , """" anaphora dn binding in meta questions """" seth minkoff , university of new mexico , usa , """" structural and hybrid binding """" ana teresa alves , univesridade dos azores , portugal , """" sentential anaphora and restrictions on temporal operators """" 7 : 30 dinner day 3 8 - 9 breakfast 9 - 10 plenary b - pieter steuren , nijmegen university , netherlands , """" a discourse - semantic account of donkey anaphora """" 10 - 11 session e - corpus 2 ronald geluykens , university of munster , germany , """" conversational anaphora and referential repair in english """" botley & uzar , university of lodz , poland , """" investigating learner english anaphora the pelcra way """" 11 - 11 : 30 coffee 11 : 30 - 1 session f - computational donna byron and james allen , university of rochester , usa , """" resolving demonstrative anaphora in the trains93 corpus """" amit bagga , duke university , usa , """" the evaluation of coreferences and coreference resolution systems """" roland stuckardt , university of frankfurt , germany , """" an efficient centering - based algorithm for anaphor resolution """" 1 - 2 : 30 2 : 30 - 4 : 00 session g - theoretical approaches 3 fridirique depain - delmotte , university of besancon , """" resolving anaphoric reference - a multi - strategy approach """" gary wilson , university of lincolnshire & humderside , uk , """" do situational or thematic roles provide the best cues to pronoun assignment ? """" maarten jaansen , university of utrecht , netherlands , """" nominal versus plain anaphora """" 4 : 00 - 4 : 30 tea 4 : 30 - 6 : 30 session h - theoretical approaches 4 tomoko tsujimoto , osaka institute of technology , japan , """" discourse deixis : this , that and it """" kirsi hiltunen , university of joensuu , finland , """" reflexive pronouns in finnish : syntactic or pragmatic ? """" andrei popescu - belis and isabelle robba , limsi-cnrs , france , """" evaluation of coreference rules on complex narrative texts """" antonio branco , german research center for artificial intelligence and university of lisbon , germany / portugal , """" a lean constraint based implementation of binding theory """" 7 : 30 dinner day 4 8 - 9 breakfast 9 - 10 plenary c , bran boguraev """" anaphora in computational linguistics """" 10 - 11 session i - corpus 3 tony mcenery , simon botley & paul baker , lancaster & lodz university , uk / poland , """" developmental deixis - deixis in the age range 7 - 11 """" antonio ferandez , m . palomar and l . moreno , alicante university , spain , """" a computational approach to pronominal anaphora , one anaphora and surface - count anaphora """" 11 - 11 : 30 coffee 11 : 30 - 1 session j - computational 3 claude belisle and denis morell , universities of tours & nantes , france , """" the automatic building of a relationships tranducer between proper names based on relational database system - an example of detection and processing of relationships between names of places and names of inhabitants """" ivadre parabono and vera lucia strube de lima , pontificia universidade catolica do rio grande do sul , brazil , """" possessive pronominal anaphor resolution in portuguese written texts """" jan kuper , university of twente , netherlands , """" anaphora in the case of universal and existential quantifiers """" 1 - 2 : 30 lunch the end daarc2 registration form = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = to register : 1 . send this form by surface mail to : daarc2 , department of linguistics and modern english language , lancaster university , bailrigg , lancaster la1 4yt united kingdom 2 . or fax it to : + 44 - 1524 - 843085 3 . or email it to : mcenery @ comp . lancs . ac . uk please register before 5th june 1998 , otherwise we cannot guarrantee the availability of accommodation . the fee for daarc2 includes the following : attendance at all daarc2 sessions conference pack including proceedings accommodation on the 1st , 2nd and 3rd august meals : 1st august : evening buffet and wine reception 2nd august : mid-morning coffee , lunch , afternoon coffee and dinner 3rd august : breakfast plus mid-morning coffee , lunch , afternoon coffee and dinner . 4th august : breakfast , mid-morning coffee , lunch accommodation is provided in single study bedrooms on the lancaster university main campus . should you wish to bring a partner and require double or twin room accomodation please contact the organizers as soon as possible . such accomodation is limited at the the campus and will be given on a first come first served basis . payment details : fees are payable in pounds sterling or us dollars . please make cheques payable to ' lancaster university ' . sterling money orders can also be used for payment , and must be made payable to ' lancaster university ' . us dollar cheques are also acceptable , using a fixed exchange rate of 1 . 5 $ us to the pound . unfortunately , we cannot accept credit card payments . you may pay at the conference in cash . please indicate clearly on the form if you wish to exercise this option . early registration discounts do not apply to such registrations , however . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = registration form = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ title : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ department : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ institution / organisation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postcode / city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ payment before 14 / 6 / 98 residential 280 . 00 gbp [ ] student 200 . 00 gbp [ ] non - residential 150 . 00 gbp [ ] payment after 14 / 6 / 98 [ ] or payment at registration [ ] ( tick as appropriate ) residential 300 . 00 gbp [ ] student 220 . 00 gbp [ ] non - residential 170 . 00 gbp [ ] accompanying persons : accompanying persons , who will not attend the conference but who are travelling with delegates , may register for the conference for accomodation and meals only at an 80 gbp discount on the full residential price . they should fill in registration form and ammend it accordingly , marking it clearly accompanying person . note : students must provide written evidence of their full time student status , such as an official headed letter from their supervisor . additional accomodation on night of july 31st ( including breakfast on 1st of august ) : 40 . 00 gbp [ ] additional accomodation on the night of 4th august ( including breakfast on the 5th august ) : 40 . 00 gbp [ ] special dietary requirements : none [ ] vegetarian [ ] vegan [ ] other [ ] please specify : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ any other comments : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
 "",0
 2333,""Subject: workshop announcement for distribution
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for papers call for papers call for papers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * acl / coling-98 workshop on partially automated techniques for transcribing naturally occurring , continuous speech august 16 , 1998 ( following acl / coling-98 ) university of montreal , montreal ( quebec , canada ) call for papers description - - - - - - - - - - the development of robust systems for speech analysis and synthesis depends crucially on the availability of well-annotated corpora of naturally occurring , continuous speech . yet existing speech corpora are rarely well-annotated . a key to proper annotation is the availability of partially automated systems for linking selected portions of a visual display of speech to the corresponding transcriptions . to be of practical use , such systems must be able to handle large files of digitized speech and they should permit transcriptions at different levels of analysis . this workshop will be devoted to the presentation and discussion of papers and software demonstrations which reflect the current state of the art . we invite proposals of up to 800 words which address the development , use , evaluation , or potential commercial application of such systems . submissions - - - - - - - - - - only email submissions in latex or ascii will be accepted . authors should submit an abstract of no more than 800 words to : trans98 @ cs . concordia . ca style files and templates for latex submissions can be found at http : / / colingacl98 . iro . umontreal . ca / styles . html the official language of the conference is english . important deadlines - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - submission deadline : april 15 , 1998 notification date : may 15 , 1998 camera ready copy due : june 15 , 1998 program committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nancy belmore concordia university , canada sabine bergler concordia university , canada john esling univ . of victoria , canada eric keller univ . of lausanne , switzerland roland kuhn panasonic technologies , inc . , u . s . a . douglas o'shaughnessy inrs - telecommunications , canada ching y . suen concordia university , canada organizers - - - - - - - - - nancy belmore concordia university , canada sabine bergler concordia university , canada douglas o'shaughnessy inrs - telecommunications , canada registration - - - - - - - - - - - there is a discounted workshop fee for participants of coling / acl . participants who are not registered for coling / acl will have to pay the full workshop fee ( to be announced shortly ) . information - - - - - - - - - - any requests for information should be sent to trans98 @ cs . concordia . ca
 "",0
 2334,""Subject: call for papers / appel a publier
  
  [ message francais ci-dessous ] call for papers mcgill working papers in linguistics / cahiers linguistiques de mcgill mcgill working papers in linguistics / cahiers linguistiques de mcgill is a publication concerned with the various aspects of the study of language , including morphology , phonology , semantics , syntax , language acquisition , psycholinguistics , neurolinguistics , sociolinguistics , and the philosophy of language . the articles appearing in mcgill working papers in linguistics / cahiers linguistiques de mcgill are previously unpublished reports of ongoing research and may subsequently appear , revised or unrevised , in other publications . papers in any of the above areas are solicited for volume 14 , issue 1 , which is scheduled to appear november 1998 . we welcome submissions in either english or french . deadline for submission : may 15th , 1998 authors are requested to provide both a hard and diskette copy . files should preferably be formatted with microsoft word 5 or 6 ( for mac or pc ) . please include any special font ( e . g . phonetic ) used . accepted papers will be returned to the authors for subsequent revision and formatting . any questions should be directed to the editors , at either the postal or the email addresses below . yvan rose jeffrey steele editors department of linguistics mcgill university 1001 sherbrooke st . west montreal ( quebec ) h3a 1g5 canada email : yrose @ po-box . mcgill . ca jsteel1 @ po-box . mcgill . ca appel a publier cahiers linguistiques de mcgill / mcgill working papers in linguistics les cahiers linguistiques de mcgill / mcgill working papers in linguistics s ' interessent a tous les aspects relies a l ' etude du langage , incluant la morphologie , la phonologie , la semantique , la syntaxe , l ' acquisition , la psycholinguistique , la neurolinguistique , la sociolinguistique , et la philosophie du langage . les articles qui paraissent dans les cahiers linguistiques de mcgill / mcgill working papers in linguistics sont des travaux en cours qui peuvent ensuite apparaitre , en version revisee ou non , dans d ' autres revues scientifiques . nous sollicitons des articles dans l ' une ou l ' autre des disciplines mentionnees ci-dessus pour le volume 14 , numero 1 , dont la date de parution est prevue pour novembre 1998 . les articles peuvent etre soumis en francais ou en anglais . date limite pour soumettre : 15 mai 1998 les auteurs doivent soumettre a la fois une copie imprimee et le fichier informatique de l ' article . les fichiers doivent etre formates avec microsoft word 5 ou 6 ( pour mac ou pc ) . svp inclure toute police de caracteres non standard ( p . ex . caracteres phonetiques ) utilisee . les travaux acceptes seront retournes aux auteurs pour revisions et mise en page subsequentes . toute question doit etre directement adressee aux editeurs , a l ' une ou l ' autre des adresses postale ou electroniques ci-dessous . yvan rose jeffrey steele editeurs departement de linguistique universite mcgill 1001 rue sherbrooke ouest montreal ( quebec ) h3a 1g5 canada courriel : yrose @ po-box . mcgill . ca jsteel1 @ po-box . mcgill . ca
 "",0
 2335,""Subject: december conference
  
  preliminary announcement first international workshop on written language processing sydney , australia 7th - 9th december 1998 the aim of this workshop ( iwwlp ) is to bring together researchers from around the world who are interested in the cognitive processes involved in reading . the emphasis will be on the empirical study of orthographic , phonological , semantic and syntactic processing in reading words and sentences . it is hoped that the research reported throughout the workshop will include analyses of a broad range of languages and types of script . papers will be of 20 minutes in length with 10 minutes extra for questions . there may also be poster sessions depending on the number of participants involved . the workshop will take place shortly after the 5th international conference on spoken language processing that will also occur in sydney ( 30th november-4 th december 1998 , see : http : / / trust . anu . edu . au : 80 / icslp98 / ) . there will be an official call for papers for iwwlp at a later date . at this stage , we are wanting to develop a mailing list of interested parties and to determine the approximate number of participants . if there is any chance of you participating , please send an email to m . taft @ unsw . edu . au ( as soon as possible ) saying the following : name : address : email : fax : probability that you will come : would you present a paper ? if yes , oral or poster ? please circulate this notice to any other people whom you think might be interested . contact : marcus taft , school of psychology , university of nsw , sydney nsw 2052 australia fax : + 612-93853641 phone : + 612-93853026 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * marcus taft , ph . d . associate professor school of psychology university of new south wales sydney n . s . w . 2052 australia ph : 61 - 2-9385 3026 fax : 61 - 2-9385 3641
 "",0
 2336,""Subject: amta-98 ( machine translation )
  
  amta-98 : machine translation and the information soup ( mt in a growing field of language technologies ) the sheraton bucks county hotel langhorne , pennsylvania october 28-31 , 1998 organized by amta - association for machine translation in the americas the association for machine translation in the americas is pleased to convene its third conference in the biennial series , to be held at the sheraton bucks county hotel in langhorne , pa , on 28-31 october , with tutorials and welcoming reception on wednesday , october 28 . the mt summit last year commemorated the 50th anniversary of machine translation . during that time , mt grew from a tantalizing dream to a respectable and stable scientific-linguistic enterprise , with users , commercial systems , university research , and government participation . but until very recently , mt has been performed in a relatively isolated manner , as a distinct enterprise . this situation is changing rapidly . the explosive growth of the web has brought multilingual text into the reach of nearly everyone with a computer . it is increasingly urgent that the various types of language processing technologies - - information retrieval , automated summarization , multimodal and multilingual display , and machine translation - - be interconnected . amta invites all who are interested in any aspect of machine translation - - developers , researchers , users , and watchers - - to attend the conference in october . at amta-98 we will focus on methods of integrating the language technologies , with invited speakers , panel discussions , papers by researchers and developers , workshops , tutorials , and more . participation by members of amta 's sister organization , aamt in asia and eamt in europe , is strongly encouraged . and people working in related areas , such as information retrieval and summarization , are very welcome to attend . registration form a copy of the amta-98 registration form will soon be posted on the web at : http : / / www . isi . edu / natural-language / amta98 . html the program once again there will be something for everyone ! retaining the pattern of parallel sessions established by its predecessors , amta-98 will offer a mixture of : - invited talks - panels on current and debated issues - practical and theoretical papers - tutorials - live theater-style system demonstrations - exhibits of systems and products featured speakers - situating mt in the information ( language technology ) soup - commercial demands on mt - what can mt technology deliver ? - integration of mt with other language tools special sessions - mt related language technologies - automatic extraction of bilingual lexicons - the future of the lexicon in mt panels - new users : implementing mt technology - the amta / iamt seal of approval : sorting the good from the bad - future needs : breaking the quality ceiling system demonstrations demonstrations will be given both in a theater-style setting as part of the regular program and on tabletops , where non-commercial systems will be presented on an announced schedule . demonstrations will occur in parallel with the research paper sessions . research papers papers on a variety of topics , written and presented by researchers , practitioners and users of machine translation and related language technologies will be presented in sessions parallel to the system demonstrations . exhibits in addition to the scheduled demonstrations , vendor booths will showcase commercial products on an ongoing basis throughout the conference . tutorials participants may choose from a number of tutorials to be held in the morning and the afternoon of wednesday , 28 october . accommodations : the sheraton bucks county hotel - langhorne , pa conveniently located in an area renowned for its beauty , history and culture , the sheraton bucks county hotel offers easy access to philadelphia , new york and new jersey . just off i-95 and route 1 , northeast of philadelphia , it is minutes away from planes , trains and turnpikes , right in the heart of berenstein bears countryside . guests are surrounded by unique shopping , sightseeing and enter - tainment opportunities including sesame place , peddler 's village , and the franklin mills mall , and minutes away from historic new hope . atlantic city and the pennsylvania dutch country are easy day trips . this recently built , colonial style hotel has 187 - rooms . accommodations include luxurious suites for corporate lodging and entertaining , and an executive floor . spacious guest rooms are soundproof and feature individually controlled air conditioning , direct two-line touch-tone phones , cable tv with remote control , and coffee makers . the elegant hospitality is complete with valet parking , a hair salon for men and women , valet service , gift shop , video game room , fully-equipped spa with indoor pool , state-of - the-art exercise equipment , jacuzzi , steam room and sauna . guests and members may receive individualized expert assistance with their fitness programs . further information will be available from : http : / / www . isi . edu / natural-language / amta98 . html related events - wednesday , welcoming reception in exhibit area ( complementary ) - friday , banquet at the university of pennsylvania museum - saturday , optional tour of historic downtown philadelphia area : independence mall , liberty bell , etc . additional information please contact eduard hovy at the address below if you have further questions about the program , site , or accommodations , or to request the amta-98 registration packet , which includes a map and directions for ground transportation . for more information as it becomes available , as well as a printable copy of the amta-98 registration form , see : http : / / www . isi . edu / natural-language / amta98 . html organizers conference chair eduard hovy usc information sciences institute 4676 admiralty way marina del rey , ca 90292-6695 usa tel : + 1-310 - 822-1511 ext . 731 fax : + 1-310 - 823-6714 email : hovy @ isi . edu program chairs laurie gerber systran software , inc . 7855 fay avenue , suite 300 la jolla , ca 92037 usa tel : + 1-619 - 459-6700 ext . 119 fax : + 1-619 - 459-8487 email : lgerber @ systransoft . com david farwell computing research laboratory new mexico state university box 3001 / 3crl las cruces , new mexico 88003 usa tel : + 1-505 - 646-5108 fax : + 1-505 - 646-6218 email : david @ crl . nmsu . edu local arrangements chair martha palmer department of computer and information science university of pennsylvania 200 s . 33rd street philadelphia , pa 19104 tel : + 1-215 - 898-2661 fax : + 1-215 - 898-0587 email : mpalmer @ linc . cis . upenn . edu exhibits coordinator kim belvin 659 dell street solana beach , ca 92075 tel : + 1-619 - 481-8446 fax : + 1-619 - 350-8613 amta focal point deborah becker association for machine translation in the americas 1201 pennsylvania avenue , n . w . , suite 300 washington , dc 20004 usa tel / fax : + 1-703 - 716-0912 email : amta @ clark . net - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - eduard hovy email : hovy @ isi . edu usc information sciences institute tel : 310-822 - 1511 ext 731 4676 admiralty way fax : 310-823 - 6714 marina del rey , ca 90292-6695 project homepage : http : / / www . isi . edu / natural-language / nlp-at - isi . html
 "",0
 2337,""Subject: coling - acl ' 98 workshop announcements
  
  below are two more coling - acl ' 98 workshop announcements : - discourse relations and discourse markers - partially automated techniques for transcribing naturally occurring , continuous speech seperated by : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for papers coling - acl ' 98 workshop """" discourse relations and discourse markers """" august 15 , 1998 universiti de montrial montrial / canada ( see also : http : / / flp . cs . tu-berlin . de / ~ marker / aclcolingws . html ) the notion of discourse relation has received many different interpretations , some of which are hardly compatible with one another . nonetheless , there is a consensus among researchers that intersegment relations hold between adjacent portions of a text and that these relations may be signalled by linguistic means , including so-called cue phrases , aspect and mood shifts , theme inversions , and other markers . the workshop intends to bring together researchers working on discourse relations and discourse markers in different linguistic traditions and different nlp applications . the particular focus of the workshop is the issue of discourse relations from the viewpoint of linguistic realization . specifically , contributions should address one or more of the following questions : o what are sound methodologies for comparing similar discourse markers ( contrastive studies , distribution analyses , etc . ) ? o what are sound methodologies for relating discourse relations with potential realizations ? o are there discourse relations that are always lexically signalled ? are there any that are never lexically signalled ? o what non-lexical ( i . e . , syntactic or prosodic ) means are used to signal a relation ? o in production , how does one decide whether to signal a relation at all ? o in production , how does one motivate a choice among candidate signals for a given relation ? o in production , how does the choice of signal interact with other decisions ( in particular , those of linearizing some tree or graph structure ) ? o in analysis , is it possible to reliably infer discourse relations from surface cues ? o in analysis , how can one disambiguate polysemous signals such as """" and """" , """" since """" ( temporal or causal ) etc . ? o what are useful lexical representations of discourse markers , for both analysis and production ? o what are useful representations of discourse relations ( and the entities they relate ) , such that they facilitate the realization decision ? what features would one like to have handy in a representation so that choices can be made easily ? o are there significant differences between realizations in spoken and written language ? o how do individual languages differ in terms of any of the above issues ? organizing committee the workshop is organized by manfred stede ( tu berlin ) leo wanner ( university of stuttgart ) eduard hovy ( isi / usc , marina del rey ) requirements for submission papers are invited that address any of the topics listed above . maximum length is 8 pages including figures and references . please use a4 or us letter format and set margins so that the text lies within a rectangle of 6 . 5 x 9 inches ( 16 . 5 x 23 cm ) . use classical fonts such as times roman or computer modern , 11 to 12 points for text , 14 to 16 points for headings and title . latex users are encouraged to use the style file provided by acl : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / colaclsub . sty papers can be submitted either electronically in postscript format , or as hardcopies . submissions from north america should be sent to : eduard hovy information sciences institute 4676 admiralty way marina del rey , ca 90292-6695 u . s . a . hovy @ isi . edu submissions from elsewhere should be sent to either of the following : manfred stede leo wanner tu berlin computer science department kit project group intelligent systems group sekr . fr 6-10 university of stuttgart franklinstr . 28 / 29 breitwiesenstr . 20-22 d-10587 berlin d-70565 stuttgart germany germany stede @ cs . tu-berlin . de wannerlo @ informatik . uni-stuttgart . de timetable deadline for electronic submissions : march 10 , 1998 deadline for hardcopy submissions : march 13 ( arrival date ) notification of acceptance : may 1 , 1998 final manuscripts due : june 12 , 1998 program committee sandra carberry ( u delaware ) barbara dieugenio ( u pittsburgh ) eduard hovy ( usc / isi ) alistair knott ( u edinburgh ) alex lascarides ( u edinburgh ) owen rambow ( cogentex inc . ) ted sanders ( u utrecht ) donia scott ( u brighton ) wilbert spooren ( u tilburg ) manfred stede ( tu berlin ) keith vander linden ( calvin college ) marilyn walker ( att labs ) leo wanner ( u stuttgart ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for papers call for papers call for papers acl / coling-98 workshop on partially automated techniques for transcribing naturally occurring , continuous speech august 16 , 1998 ( following acl / coling-98 ) university of montreal , montreal ( quebec , canada ) call for papers description - - - - - - - - - - the development of robust systems for speech analysis and synthesis depends crucially on the availability of well-annotated corpora of naturally occurring , continuous speech . yet existing speech corpora are rarely well-annotated . a key to proper annotation is the availability of partially automated systems for linking selected portions of a visual display of speech to the corresponding transcriptions . to be of practical use , such systems must be able to handle large files of digitized speech and they should permit transcriptions at different levels of analysis . this workshop will be devoted to the presentation and discussion of papers and software demonstrations which reflect the current state of the art . we invite proposals of up to 800 words which address the development , use , evaluation , or potential commercial application of such systems . submissions - - - - - - - - - - only email submissions in latex or ascii will be accepted . authors should submit an abstract of no more than 800 words to : trans98 @ cs . concordia . ca style files and templates for latex submissions can be found at http : / / colingacl98 . iro . umontreal . ca / styles . html the official language of the conference is english . important deadlines - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - submission deadline : april 15 , 1998 notification date : may 15 , 1998 camera ready copy due : june 15 , 1998 program committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nancy belmore concordia university , canada sabine bergler concordia university , canada john esling univ . of victoria , canada eric keller univ . of lausanne , switzerland roland kuhn panasonic technologies , inc . , u . s . a . douglas o'shaughnessy inrs - telecommunications , canada ching y . suen concordia university , canada organizers - - - - - - - - - nancy belmore concordia university , canada sabine bergler concordia university , canada douglas o'shaughnessy inrs - telecommunications , canada registration - - - - - - - - - - - there is a discounted workshop fee for participants of coling / acl . participants who are not registered for coling / acl will have to pay the full workshop fee ( to be announced shortly ) . information - - - - - - - - - - any requests for information should be sent to trans98 @ cs . concordia . ca
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 2338,""Subject: coling ws - - computational approaches to semitic languages
  
  workshop on computational approaches to semitic languages coling-acl98 sunday august 16 , 1998 , university of montreal second call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - workshop description although there exists a considerable body of cl research specifically targeted to semitic languages , much of the work to date has been the result of initiatives undertaken by individual researchers or research establishments . a direct consequence is that there is comparatively little awareness amongst practitioners of either the state of the art as practiced outside their own locality , the common challenges faced by all practitioners , or the potential for developing a coordinated approach . the aims of this workshop are therefore : * to provide a forum where current work in a broad range of subfields can be presented , collected and diffused . * to assess the state of the art with a view to identifying promising areas for future collaborative research . * to set up initiatives to explore the possibilities of supporting such research through national and international funding agencies . subtopics areas of interest include ( but are not limited to ) : * educational applications * empirical methods * orthographic represention * language modelling * language resources * lexicon and lexical represention * machine translation * morphology and phonology * multilinguality * syntax , parsing and generation * speech applications workshop programme committee michael rosner , university of malta , malta ( coordinator ) mohamed abd - elsalam , sakr software , egypt ken beesley , xerox research centre europe , france khalid choukri , elra / elda , france yaacov choueka , bar ilan university , israel fathi debili , cnrs-crlao ( paris ) / irmc , tunis mamoun hattab , arabic textware , amman , jordan george kiraz , bell labs , usa chadia moghrabi , univerity of moncton , canada mori rimon , hebrew university , israel sponsor mid - med bank , malta submission requirements deadlines * submission deadline : april 6 , 1998 * notification date : june 1 , 1998 * camera ready copy due : june 22 , 1998 format * electronic submissions only , postscript format . * provide a list of keywords and indicate the best fitting subtopic from the above list . * latex users are encouraged to use the style file provided by acl : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / colaclsub . sty * maximum length is 8 pages including figures and references . * please use a4 or us letter format and set margins so that the text lies within a rectangle of 6 . 5 x 9 inches ( 16 . 5 x 23 cm ) . * use classical fonts such as times roman or computer modern , 11 to 12 points for text , 14 to 16 points for headings and title . * please submit papers to mros @ cs . um . edu . mt . all submissions will be acknowledged . contact michael rosner : mros @ cs . um . edu . mt - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - mike rosner ( mros @ cs . um . edu . mt ) last modified : fri feb 20 15 : 08 : 23 met
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 2339,""Subject: computational terminology workshop
  
  ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - final cfp : deadline march 23 , 1998 ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - first workshop on computational terminology computerm ' 98 when : august 15 , 1998 ( immediately following acl / coling-98 ) where : university of montreal , montreal ( quebec , canada ) description the workshop will provide a forum to bring together researchers from the fields of computational linguistics , terminology , automated translation , information retrieval and lexicography who share an interest in computational aspects of terminology processing : acquisition , extraction , indexing , machine-aided thesaurus building , dictionary construction , etc . the aim of the workshop is to stimulate the exchange of innovative ideas and results of diverse aspects of automatic term processing in order to bridge the gap between these fields . topics the topics of the workshop include ( but are not limited to ) : - construction of terminology resources - semi - or automatic acquisition of terms - semi - or automatic acquisition of conceptual knowledge - thesaurus construction and maintenance - use of terminology resources ( term banks , thesauri , specialized lexicons , . . . ) - terms in information retrieval ( stemming , automatic indexing , query expansion , . . . ) - multi - lingual terminological resources for cross-language ir - terminology management in machine-aided translation - terminology and nlp ( parsing , tagging , text understanding , generation , . . . ) - terminology processing for other applications submissions only hard-copy submissions will be accepted . authors should submit six ( 6 ) copies of their full-length paper ( 3500-5000 words ) . submissions should be sent : didier bourigault laboratoire de linguistique informatique universite paris xiii avenue j . - b . clement f-93430 villetaneuse france style files and templates for preparing submissions http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / styles . html the official language of the conference is english . however , papers can also be submitted in french . the final version of the papers will be accompanied by two long abstracts in two different languages . all the presentation at the workshop will be given in english . important deadlines submission deadline : march 23 , 1998 notification date : may 15 , 1998 camera ready copy due : june 15 , 1998 scientific committee khurshid ahmad ( university of surrey , uk ) sophia ananiadou ( manchester metropolitan university , manchester , uk ) peter anick ( digital equipment corporation , usa ) teresa cabre ( university pompeu fabra , barcelone , spain ) ken church ( at&t labs research , usa ) anne condamines ( cnrs , toulouse , france ) bruce croft ( university of massachusetts , usa ) ido dagan ( bar ilan university , israel ) beatrice daille ( irin nantes , france ) pascale fung ( hong kong university of science and technology , hong kong ) eric gaussier ( xerox research centre europe , france ) gregory grefenstette ( xerox research centre europe , france ) stephanie haas ( university of north carolina , usa ) benoit habert ( limsi & ens fontenay - st cloud , france ) ulrich heid ( universitaet stuttgart , stuttgart , germany ) kyo kageura ( nacsis , tokyo , japan ) judith klavans ( columbia univesity , usa ) robert krovetz ( nec research institute , usa ) robert losee ( university of north carolina , usa ) ingrid meyer ( university of ottawa , ottawa , canada ) jian - yun nie ( university of montreal , montreal , canada ) padmini srinivasan ( the university of iowa , usa ) tomek strzalkowski ( general electric company , usa ) evelyne tzoukermann ( bell labs innovations , lucent technologies , usa ) richard wojcik ( boeing company , usa ) pierre zweigenbaum ( ap-hp & universite paris 6 , france ) organizers didier bourigault ( cnrs and universite paris xiii , paris , france ) christian jacquemin ( limsi / cnrs , france ) marie - claude l ' homme ( universite de montreal , montreal , canada ) email contact mailto : db @ lli . univ-paris 13 . fr , christian . jacquemin @ iut-nantes . univ-nantes . fr , lhommem @ ere . umontreal . ca websites computerm worshop : http : / / tornade . ere . umontreal . ca : 80 / ~ lhommem / coling / computerm . html coling-acl ' 98 : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca
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 2340,""Subject: terminology & knowledge engineering
  
  first call for papers tke ' 99 communicating into 2000 5th international congress on terminology and knowledge engineering innsbruck ( austria ) 24-28 august 1999 organized by association for terminology and knowledge transfer ( gtw ) international information centre for terminology ( infoterm ) international network for terminology ( termnet ) objectives of the congress on behalf of the association for terminology and knowledge transfer - gesellschaft fur terminologie und wissenstransfer ( gtw ) we are pleased to announce the 5th international congress on terminology and knowledge engineering tke ' 99 which will be held on the campus of the university of innsbruck , austria , between 24-28 august , 1999 . in continuation of the first four tke congresses in trier ( 1987 and 1990 ) , cologne ( 1993 ) and vienna ( 1996 ) , tke ' 99 will address world-wide interests in the interdisciplinary methods of terminology science , information science and computer science . it should furthermore help achieve the """" universal availability of information and knowledge """" via computerized methods and tools , open new horizons for more efficient applications based upon this integration of methodologies and elicit the interest and participation of experts working in the fields that are gradually drawing nearer from the point of theory and methodology such as - terminology research - knowledge engineering - language engineering - computational philosophy - classification theory - information & documentation - computer - assisted instruction / learning - computerized terminography - specialized translation - technical writing we welcome submission of papers describing substantial , original and unpublished research contributions in these fields . tke ' 99 will be divided into 8 sections concentrating on the following areas of research : 1 . knowledge theory and terminology 2 . knowledge data management 3 . multimedia and terminology 4 . language engineering and terminology 5 . documentation and terminology 6 . world wide web and terminology 7 . multilingualism and terminology 8 . specialist communication and terminology authors will be asked to identify the sections to which their submission corresponds . contributions that do not fall into any of the above areas but are nevertheless relevant to the field are also welcome . the working language of the congress is english . this refers to the written contributions as well as to their oral presentation . authors are asked to provide an abstract ( approx . 2 pages ) of their papers to the programme organizer by 15 october 1998 , at the latest . the title page is to show the title of the paper , the author 's name , address , phone number and fax number , and the section to which he / she is planning to contribute . the abstracts should be sent preferably by e-mail ( peter . sandrini @ uibk . ac . at ) ( a submission form is available on the tke home page : http : / / gtw-org . uibk . ac . at ) or by mail ( 4 copies ) or fax . the abstract then undergoes a reviewing process carried out by the programming committee and the section organizers . by the end of november 1998 the authors will be informed about the acceptance of their papers . then they will have time until february 1999 to submit a full paper in a4 camera-ready format and on floppy disk ( approx . 10 pages for the session papers and 15 pages for the keynotes ) , which will be processed for publication in the proceedings and printed prior to the congress . the proceedings will be available for the participants at the beginning of the congress . workshops / tutorials proposals for workshops and / or tutorials within the framework of the congress are welcomed and should be sent as soon as possible to the programme organizer . please send your submissions to peter sandrini universit \ 228t innsbruck , fischnalerstr . 4 , a-6020 innsbruck tel + 43 512 507 4261 fax + 43 512 507 2966 email peter . sandrini @ uibk . ac . at deadlines abstracts 15 october 1998 reviewing process november 1998 acceptance of the papers december 1998 full papers 15 february 1998deadline for cheaper registration 30 june 1999 congress 24 - 26 august 1999 workshops / tutorials 27 - 28 august 1999 programming committee : gerhard budin , infoterm , vienna ( austria ) m . teresa cabr \ 233 castellv \ 237 , universitat pompeu fabra , barcelona ( spain ) karl - heinz freigang , universitat saarbrucken ( germany ) christian galinski , infoterm , vienna ( austria ) john d . graham , mannesmann - demag , duisburg ( germany ) felix mayer , europaische akademie bozen ( italy ) alan k . melby , brigham young university , provo ( usa ) erhard oeser , universitat wien , vienna ( austria ) heribert picht , handelshajskolen i kobenhavn , copenhagen ( denmark ) m . cecilia plested alvarez , universidad de antioquia ( colombia ) peter sandrini , universitat innsbruch ( austria ) klaus - dirk schmitz , fachhochschule koln , cologne ( germany ) sergey d . shelov , committee for scientific terminology in fundamental research ( russia ) helmi sonneveld , eaft ( netherlands ) sue ellen wright , kent - state - university , ohio ( usa ) we look forward to receiving your submissions .
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 2341,""Subject: effects of morphological case - - utrecht univ
  
  second call for papers effects of morphological case workshop to be held at the utrecht institute of linguistics ots , utrecht university , 28-29 august 1998 . organizers : helen de hoop , olaf koeneman , iris mulders , and fred weerman invited speakers : paul kiparsky , joan maling , alec marantz the aim of this workshop is to investigate the effects of morphological case that go beyond its mere phonological characteristics . in the gb model of the eighties , morphological case was considered a spell-out of abstract case . while abstract case is present in all languages , the spell-out is only in a subset . in such a view , the presence of morphological case may help to uncover more abstract features , but in itself it does not have syntactic or semantic effects . this runs counter to observations that the presence / absence of morphological case correlates with the presence / absence of certain syntactic and semantic properties . a case in point is the more or less classical observation that the presence of morphological case is related to the possibility for several types of scrambling . other approaches have been proposed to incorporate ( some of ) these effects of morphological case and the idea that parametric differences should be reducable to morphological properties has been defended with varying success . against this background , the present workshop seeks answers for questions like the following : what is the relation between morphological case and abstract case ? what are the distributional , interpretive and phonological effects of the presence of morphological case ? the aim of this workshop is to bring together theoretical and empirical considerations on the effects of morphological case . issues for discussion involve the implications of morphological case for abstract case theory , the difference between structural and inherent case , agreement , word order phenomena , grammaticalization processes , discourse theory , and semantics . we welcome contributions relating to all aspects of linguistics . in particular we are interested in comparative , diachronic and acquisitional evidence that shows that relations between morphological case and other aspects of the grammar do ( not ) exist . the program will include three invited lectures of experts on the topic of morphological case . the provisional titles are as follows : paul kiparsky ( stanford ) : ` cases as complementizers ' joan maling ( brandeis ) : ` morphological case is not ( always ) to blame ! ' alec marantz ( mit ) : ` in defense of """" spell-out """" : why morphological case should indeed have only an indirect reflective relation to the syntax ' the workshop has room for 13 selected talks of 35 minutes . authors should submit 5 copies of an anonymous abstract of no more than 2 pages , one camera-ready copy indicating the author 's name and a 3x5 """" card with the author 's name , address , affiliation , e-mail address , phone number , and the title of the paper . we hope to be able to ( partially ) reimburse all speakers . please send your abstracts to : workshop on morphological case utrecht institute of linguistics ots trans 10 3512 jk utrecht the netherlands the deadline for submission is april 1 , 1998 . authors will be notified of acceptance by may 15 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * olaf koeneman * * utrecht institute of linguistics ots * * trans 10 ( room 2 . 20 ) , 3512 jk utrecht * * tel . + 31 30 253 8304 * * email : koeneman @ let . ruu . nl * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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 2342,""Subject: scil 10 : final call for papers
  
  final call for papers submission deadline : friday march 13 . student conference in linguistics 10 special theme : linguistics in cognitive science keynote speaker : lila gleitman june 6 - 7 , 1998 northwestern university the 10th annual student conference in linguistics will be held at northwestern university in june 1998 . scil is a student-run conference run which aims to bring together graduate students from around the world to present their research and build connections with other students . we invite original , unpublished work in any area of linguistics . we would particularly like to encourage submissions which border other disciplines , in keeping with the conference theme . this includes , but is not limited to , psycholinguistics , computational linguistics , anthropological linguistics , speech perception and language acquisition . further information is available at http : / / www . ling . nwu . edu / ~ scil queries should be directed to scil @ ling . nwu . edu
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 2343,""Subject: syntax of east asian languages workshop
  
  usc workshop on syntax of east asian languages november 6 - 8 , 1998 this workshop is an attempt to intergrate the diachronic and synchronic study of chinese , japanese and korean syntax , concentrating on the issues of the structures and interpretations of nominal expressions and the syntax and morphology of function words . the list of invited speakers currently includes : james huang ( university of california , irvine ) yafei li ( university of wisconsin ) tsulin mei ( cornell university ) alain peyraube ( crlao , ehess ) naoki fukui ( university of california , irvine ) satoshi kinsui ( osaka university ) s . - y . kuroda ( tohoku university ) yukinori takubo ( kinsiu university ) hidon ahn ( kon kuk university ) william o'grady ( university of hawaii ) james yoon ( seoul national university , university of illinois ) there is a limited number of open slots available and we invite the submission of abstracts . each presentation will be 40 minutes , followed by 15 minutes of discussion . it is planned that the proceedings of the workshop will be published . please send to the organizing committee no later than june 1 , 1998 one copy of your abstract with your name and affliliation , plus five anonymous copies . abstracts should be limited to two pages with the font size not smaller than 11 . we cannot accept abstracts sent by email or fax . the presenters at the workshop will be partially subsidized for travel and accommodation . all submissions should be sent to : usc workshop organizing committee department of east asian languages and cultures univ . of southern california los angeles , ca 90089-0357 u . s . a . for further inquiries , please write to : hoji @ usc . edu , nkim @ usc . edu , audreyli @ usc . edu .
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 2344,""Subject: evolution of language conference
  
  ( apologies for multiple postings ) * * * * * * * * the evolution of language * * * * * * * * 2nd international conference date : monday 6th - thursday 9th april , 1998 venue : city university , london organised by : prof . jean aitchison ( oxford university ) , prof . james hurford ( university of edinburgh ) and dr . chris knight ( university of east london ) a preliminary programme for this conference is now available . further details and a registration form can be obtained from : joan tremble uel business services duncan house high street london e15 2jb tel . 0181 2150705 fax : 0181 849 3619 email : j . tremble @ uel . ac . uk or from our website at : http : / / www . uel . ac . uk / faculties / socsci / anthro / confreg . htm preliminary programme monday 6th april 2pm - 6pm - plenary session 2pm opening remarks 2 . 10 jean aitchison ' language origins and ( psycho - ) linguistic theories ' 2 . 40 colin renfrew ' small talk , or why was the ` human revolution ' so impressive ' 3 . 10 mark pagel ' the history , rate and pattern of world linguistic evolution ' 3 . 40 tea / coffee break 4 . 10 terrence deacon ' constraints on brain-language co-evolution ' 4 . 40 derek bickerton ' protolanguage to language : the rest of the story ' 5 . 10 robert berwick ' evolution and language acquisition : from ` classical ' to ` modern ' models of evolutionary innovation ' 5 . 40 general discussion tuesday 7th april 9am - 1pm - parallel session room one 9am heidi lyn saffer & e . sue savage-rumbaugh ' observational word learning in bonobos ( pan paniscus ) ' 9 . 25 michael beran , e . sue savage-rumbaugh & karen brakke ' language comprehension in three chimpanzees ( pan troglodytes ) : effect of rearing on level of comprehension ' 9 . 50 robert worden ' words , memes and language evolution ' 10 . 15 paul bloom ' the evolution of words ' 10 . 40 tea / coffee break 11 . 05 william abler ' algebraic syntax ' 11 . 30 ezequiel di paolo ' spatio - temporal and structural constraints in the evolution of communication ' 11 . 55 angelo cangelosi & stevan harnad ' adaptive advantages of ` hearsay ' over direct sensorimotor experiences ' 12 . 20 general discussion tuesday 7th april 9am - 1pm - parallel session room two 9am peter macneilage & barbara davis ' evolution of speech : the relation between ontogeny and phylogeny ' 9 . 25 marilyn may vihman & rory de paolis ' the role of mimesis in infant language development : evidence for phylogeny ? ' 9 . 50 luc steels ' the origins of linguistic categories ' 10 . 15 tea / coffee break 10 . 40 john batali ' the negotiation and acquisition of recursive grammars as a result of competition among exemplars ' 11 . 05 simon kirby ' how compositionality emerges from vocabulary in a population of learners ' 11 . 30 james hurford ' syntax creation from randomness ' 11 . 55 ted briscoe ' how natural is natural language ? human languages as complex adaptive systems ' 12 . 20 general discussion tuesday 7th april 2pm - 5pm - parallel session room one 2pm dean falk ' proto - music and proto-language in australopithecines and beyond ' 2 . 25 james steele ' right - shifted handedness frequencies : a marker of selection for proto-language abilities ? ' 2 . 50 tim crow ' did homo sapiens speciate ( and language originate ) on the y chromosome ? ' 3 . 15 tea / coffee break 3 . 40 myrna gopnik ' language evolution = rules and representations ' 4 . 05 heather k . j . van der lely ' evidence for a grammar specific deficit in children : implications for the biological evolution of language ' 4 . 30 general discussion 5 . 00 poster presentations tuesday 7th april 2pm - 5pm - parallel session room two 2pm peter gardenfors & simon winter ' evolving social constraints on individual conceptual relations ' 2 . 25 alison wray ' holistic utterances : the common link from primates to humans ' 2 . 50 tea / coffee break 3 . 15 jason noble ' the evolution of communication with and without conflicts of interest ; an argument for modelling proto-proto - language ' 3 . 40 edward kako ' reconstructing proto-language from the capacities of language-trained animals ' 4 . 05 gwen hewitt & ann maclarnon ' respiratory adaptations : protolanguage and fission-fusion groups ' 4 . 30 general discussion 5 . 00 poster presentations wednesday 8th april 9am - 1pm - parallel session room one 9am steven mithen ' thought , language and the manufacture of hand-axes ' 9 . 25 alexander marshack ' coevolution of the language and visual capacities : the archaeological and cognitive evidence ' 9 . 50 daniel dor , eva jablonka , shimona ginzberg & geva rechav ' linguistic meaning , linguistic sound , and the mechanism of genetic assimilation : towards an explicit model of the evolution of language ' 10 . 15 tea / coffee break 10 . 40 paul vogt ' the evolution of a lexicon and meaning in robotic agents through self-organizing adaptation ' 11 . 05 mike oliphant ' rethinking the language bottleneck : why do n't animals learn to communicate ? ' 11 . 30 geoffrey miller & peter todd ' evolution of vocabulary size through runaway sexual selection : theory , data and simulations ' 11 . 55 john locke ' rank , reciprocity and relationships in the evolution of language ' 12 . 20 general discussion wednesday 8th april 9am - 1pm - parallel session room two 9am jeffrey laitman , samuel marquez & joy reidenberg ' new insights from neanderthal craniofacial biology and implications for understanding their vocal abilities and speech ' 9 . 25 philip lieberman ' on the functional language system of the human brain ' 9 . 50 lynne schepartz ' the evolution of complex language from a darwinian perspective ' 10 . 15 ian maddieson ' vowel systems and language origin ' 10 . 40 tea / coffee break 11 . 05 michael studdert-kennedy ' implications of the particulate principle for the evolution of language ' 11 . 30 tecumseh fitch ' vocal tract anatomy , formants and the evolution of speech ' 11 . 55 rene carre ' the origin of speech gestures ' 12 . 20 general discussion wednesday 8th april 2pm - 5pm - parallel session room one 2pm jean louis dessalles ' linguistic relevance in hominidae politics 2 . 25 robert kluender ' getting from there to here : the intermediating role of ritual in the evolution of language ' 2 . 50 chris knight ' ritual and the evolution of syntactical speech ' 3 . 15 tea / coffee break 3 . 40 robin dunbar ' the freerider problem and the evolution of language ' 4 . 05 camilla power ' secret language in contexts of female initiation ritual ' 4 . 30 general discussion 5 . 00 poster presentations wednesday 8th april 2pm - 5pm - parallel session room two 2pm april mcmahon ' the evolution of phonological constraints ' 2 . 25 jan anward & bjorn lindblom ' morphogenesis : the systemic growth of linguistic form ' 2 . 50 tea / coffee break 3 . 15 andrew carstairs-mccarthy ' the distinction between sentences and noun phrases : an impediment to language evolution ? ' 3 . 40 bart de boer ' emergence of sound systems through self-organisation ' 4 . 05 daniel livingstone & colin fyfe ' a computational model of language-physiology coevolution ' 4 . 30 ann maclarnon & gwen hewitt ' protolanguage to language : evidence from the evolution of breathing control ' 5 . 00 general discussion thursday 9th april 9am - 1pm - plenary session 9am frederick newmeyer ' on the reconstruction of ' proto-world ' word order ' 9 . 30 david lightfoot ' the maladaptiveness of universal grammar ' 10 . 00 michael fortescue ' linguistic bottlenecks and early population movements ' 10 . 30 tea / coffee break 11 . 00 robbins burling ' comprehension and production in early language ' 11 . 30 luca cavalli-sforza ' a view of the relationships between genetics and linguistics ' 12 . 00 general discussion 12 . 30 concluding remarks ( the organisers reserve the right to make changes to the programme at any time )
 "",0
 2345,""Subject: granada workshop
  
  adapting lexical and corpus resources to sublanguages and applications a workshop to be held at the first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 26 may 1998 the workshop will provide a forum for those researchers involved in the development of methods to integrate corpora and mrds , with the aim of adding adaptive capabilities to existing linguistic resources . organisers : roberto basili ( university of roma """" tor vergata """" ) , roberta catizone ( university of sheffield ) , maria teresa pazienza ( university of roma """" tor vergata """" ) , paola velardi ( university of roma """" la sapienza ) , yorick wilks ( university of sheffield ) workshop scope and aims lexicons , i . e . , those components of a nlp system that contain """" computable """" information about words , cannot be considered as static objects . words may behave very differently in different domains , and there are language phenomena that do not generalize across sublanguages . lexicons are a snapshot of a given stage of development of a language , normally provided without support for adaptation changes , whether caused by language creativity and development or the shift to such a previously unencountered domain . the divergence of corpus usages from lexical norms has been studied computationally at least since the late sixties , but only recently has the availability of large on-line corpora made it possible to establish methods to cope systematically with this problem . an emerging branch of research is now involved in studies and experiments on corpus-driven linguistics , with the aim of complementing and extending earlier work on lexicon acquisition based on machine readable dictionaries ( mrd ) : data are extracted from texts , as embodiments of language in use , so as to capture lexical regularities and to code them into operational forms . the purpose of this workshop will be to provide an updated snapshot of current work in the area , and promote discussion of how to make progress . central topics will be ( though this list is in no way exclusive ) : * corpus-driven tuning of mrds to optimize domain-specific inferences , * terminology and jargon acquisition , * sense extensions , * acquisition of preference or subcategorization information from corpora * taxonomy adaptation , * statistical weighting of senses etc . to domains * use of mrds to provide explanations of linguistic phenomena in corpora * what is the scope of """" lexical tuning """" * the evaluation of lexical tuning as a separate task , or as part of a more generic task program committee yorick wilks university of sheffield roberta catizone university of sheffield paola velardi university of roma """" la sapienza """" maria teresa pazienza university of roma """" tor vergata """" roberto basili university of roma """" tor vergata """" bran boguraev brandeis university sergei nirenburg new mexico state university james pustejowsky brandeis university ralph grishman new york university christiane fellbaum princeton university paper submission formatting guidelines : papers should not exceed 4000 words or 10 pages . hard copies : three hard copies should be sent to : paola velardi dipartimento di scienza dell ' informazione via salaria 113 00198 roma italy electronic submission : electronic submission will be allowed in poscript or word per mac or rtf . an ftp site will be available on demand . authors should send an info email to paola velardi ( velardi @ dsi . uniroma1 . it ) even if they submit in paper form . an electronic submission should be accompanied by a plain ascii text . # name : name of first author # title : title of the paper # pages : number of pages # files : name of file ( if also submitted electronically ) # note : anything you 'd like to add # keys : keywords # email : email of the first author # abstr : abstract of the paper # . . . . . . important dates paper submission deadline ( hard copy / electronic ) february 20 paper notification march 20 camera - ready papers due april 15 l&ct workshop may 26 conference information general information about the conference is at : < http : / / www . icp . inpg . fr / elra / conflre . html > specific queries about the conference should be directed to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain tel : + 34 58 24 41 00 - fax : + 34 58 24 41 04 reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es
 "",0
 2346,""Subject: colloquium henry sweet society
  
  the henry sweet society for the history of linguistic ideas amsterdam colloquium , 16 - 19 september , 1998 first circular and final call for papers the first of the annual colloquia for the henry sweet colloquium henry sweet society for the history of linguistic ideas to be held abroad is to take place in amsterdam in 1998 . location : we are pleased to announce that our planning is up and running and that arrangements have been made for the colloquium lectures as well as the associated meals and receptions to take place in the centre of amsterdam . costs : the cost of the colloquium , including meals , a conference dinner and receptions , but excluding accommodation , will be of the order of nlg 380 ( qgbp 130 ) . accommodation : amsterdam is a major city with hotel prices to match so , in order to keep costs within bounds , we have booked a number of rooms at the casa 400 hotel at nlg 132 ( qgbp 45 ) bed and breakfast per person per night . shared occupancy is available at the rate of nlg 176 ( qgbp 80 ) per room . the casa 400 is an unpretentious hotel some 20 minutes from the centre using public transport . if asked , we will provide information for those who wish to book their hotels independently . second circular : the second circular will be sent out around april 1998 and will carry a provisional programme and fuller details of arrangements for the colloquium . meanwhile it would be very helpful if you could fill in and return the following slip ( or send an emended e-mail reply ) to the address below , or to any one of the organising committee : els elffers - van ketel . jaap maat , jan noordegraaf , els ruijsendaal , robin smith . last call for papers : those who wish to present a paper at the colloquium are reminded that the deadline for abstracts is 5 february , 1998 . your 300 - word abstract for a 20 minute paper on any aspect of the history of linguistics should be sent to dr robin smith vakgroep engels rijksuniversiteit leiden postbus 9515 2300 ra leiden the netherlands tel : 071 5272151 ; fax : 071 5272149 e-mail : rdsmith @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl on behalf of the organisers , all best wishes , name ( title ) : address : e-mail : fax : _ _ hopes to read a paper _ _ hopes to attend the colloquium _ _ intends to stay at the conference hotel _ _ will make his or her own accommodation arrangements
 "",0
 2347,""Subject: mla ' 98 ( applied linguistics division )
  
  call for papers modern language association 1998 convention division on applied linguistics san francisco , california 27-30 december 1998 the division on applied linguistics is sponsoring three separate sessions . session 1 : second language fluency : definitions and issues while reference to """" l2 fluency """" is common , informed discussion about its definition , measurement and acquisition is rare . this session explores both theoretical issues and research on l2 fluency in speech , reading or writing . session 2 : technology in second language learning : what does research tell us ? this session explores the consequences of using computer technology in language instruction . papers should report on original research or make connections between research , theory , and teaching practice . session 3 : emotion and language : implications for language learning this session presents recent research on the relationship between affect and language learning . papers should report on original research or make connections between research , theory , and teaching practice . one - page blind abstracts accompanied by a card with the presenter 's name , address , telephone number , fax number , and e-mail address should be sent to : richard kern dept . of french university of california , berkeley berkeley , ca 94720-2580 fax ( 510 ) 642-2194 e-mail : kernrg @ uclink . berkeley . edu deadline for receipt of abstracts : march 2 , 1998 faxed and e-mail submissions will be accepted but should be followed up by a hard-copy submission .
 "",0
 2348,""Subject: rmmla / ads
  
  * * * * * * * * papers solicited for the 1998 rmmla conference * * * * * * * * * conjoint meeting : american dialect society : session chair , simonie hodges georgetown university 2525 farmcrest dr . # 328 herndon , va 20171 usa this session showcases papers on various aspects of american dialects . examples of previous paper topics include : dialects of utah , the use of formal and informal pronouns """" you """" in spanish speaking cities , jamaican english in historical plays , and sweet carbonated beverage isoglosses in the u . s . we hope that you will propose a paper for the 1998 rmmla ( rocky mountain modern language association ) conference in salt lake city . please address your proposal to the chair of the appropriate session . proposals based on a 300 - word abstract are due to the session chair no later than 15 february 1998 . these proposals must be sent on paper and on 3 . 5 """" disk ( preferably ibm - compatible format ) . if you would like the disk returned to you , please enclose a stamped , self - addressed envelope . you will be notified of the chair 's decision by 15 march 1998 . complete versions of accepted papers are due to the chair by 15 august ( paper and disk copy ) . visit the rmmla website at rmmla . wsu . edu / rmmla / callforpapers / call973 . asp for more details on the other topics at the conference . - guidelines for papers and presenters at the rmmla conference - - we would appreciate your following a few rmmla rules regarding papers presented at our conference . rmmla is an organization for its members . you must be a member in good standing to present a paper . your membership must be current by 1 april 1998 to have your name appear in the program . you may not read papers in more than one session . it is courteous to notify the chair if you submit to more than one session . if you have two papers accepted , please decide which you will give , and notify both chairs , as well as the rmmla secretariat . if we discover the duplication and are not able to reach you , we will have to choose for you . members who propose papers are expected to attend the convention to read at the scheduled time . no more than two members of the same institution may appear on any panel . no one 's name may appear on the program more than twice ( i . e . as a chair and a presenter ; appearance as a secretary is not considered ) . please notify the chair and the rmmla secretariat immediately if you find you are unable to present . it is the policy of the rmmla not to have papers read in absentia . ( nb : rmmla due dates represent dates for receipt . please allow adequate time when mailing overseas or to distant addresses . ) proposals for papers for the 1998 convention are due to the chairs no later than 15 february 1998 , because chairs must have the program copy for their sessions in the hands of the executive director by 1 march 1998 . this timeline is critical for setting and finalizing the program . thank you in advance for your cooperation .
 "",0
 2349,""Subject: east asian syntax workshop : revised
  
  usc workshop on syntax of east asian languages november 6 - 8 , 1998 this workshop is an attempt to intergrate the diachronic and synchronic study of chinese , japanese and korean syntax , concentrating on the issues of the structures and interpretations of nominal expressions and the syntax and morphology of function words . the list of invited speakers currently includes : james huang ( university of california , irvine ) yafei li ( university of wisconsin ) tsulin mei ( cornell university ) alain peyraube ( crlao , ehess ) naoki fukui ( university of california , irvine ) satoshi kinsui ( kobe university and osaka university ) s . - y . kuroda ( tohoku university ) yukinori takubo ( kyusyu university ) hee - don ahn ( kon kuk university ) william o'grady ( university of hawaii ) james yoon ( seoul national university , university of illinois ) there is a limited number of open slots available and we invite the submission of abstracts . each presentation will be 40 minutes , followed by 15 minutes of discussion . it is planned that the proceedings of the workshop will be published . please send to the organizing committee no later than june 1 , 1998 one copy of your abstract with your name and affliliation , plus five anonymous copies . abstracts should be limited to two pages with the font size not smaller than 11 . we cannot accept abstracts sent by email or fax . the presenters at the workshop will be partially subsidized for travel and accommodation . all submissions should be sent to : usc workshop organizing committee department of east asian languages and cultures university of southern california los angeles , ca 90089-0357 usa for further inquiries , please write to : hoji @ usc . edu , nkim @ usc . edu , audreyli @ usc . edu .
 "",0
 2350,""Subject: comparative slavic morphosyntax
  
  greetings ! two new position papers have been posted to the www page for the comparative slavic morphosyntax www page ( url below ) : leonard h . babby , """" voice and diathesis in slavic """" ; steven franks , """" clitics in slavic """" . one paper remains to be posted ; we expect to have it up within the week . to mark the posting of these new position papers , we enclose below a second call for papers . 2nd call for papers indiana university invites you to submit abstracts to a workshop ( funded by the u . s . department of education ) on comparative slavic morphosyntax the workshop will be held at canyon inn , in mccormick 's creek state park , spencer , indiana ( near bloomington ) on friday - sunday 5 - 7 june 1998 . papers are solicited in response to five invited """" position papers """" : leonard babby : """" voice and diathesis in slavic """" zeljko boskovic : """" wh - phrases and wh-movement in slavic """" greville corbett : """" agreement in slavic """" steven franks : """" clitics in slavic """" gilbert rappaport : """" noun phrases in slavic """" ( not yet posted to www page ) these position papers are intended to summarize the variation in data across the slavic languages , define the """" state of the art """" in existing analysis for each area , communicate innovations and on-going research , and identify an agenda for future investigation . as such , they are meant to serve as springboards for discussion , rebuttal , response , and debate . this call for papers solicits responses in two categories : 10 minute presentations ( + 5 minute discussion ) or 20 minutes ( + 10 minute discussion ) . you may respond to one or several position papers , but must submit an advance abstract for each response ; there is no set limit on the number of responses which may be accepted from any one individual . the position papers can be downloaded via the internet in platform-independent . pdf and . ps formats from : < http : / / www . indiana . edu / ~ slavconf / linguistics / index . html > if you cannot download or use electronic versions of the position papers , you may request a printed copy of any of the papers from the address below . however , however , in view of our limited budget and staff resources , we urge you to utilize the electronic versions if possible ( please use adobe acrobat reader 3 . 0 . x , which may be downloaded free of charge from < http : / / www . adobe . com / > ) . proposals for reponses may be submitted to the address below . abstracts should be no more than one page , including examples and references . include your name and affiliation directly on the abstract , and please attach a card with your name , address , e-mail , phone , title , and position paper to which you are responding . also , please send 4 copies and indicate the length category for your response . we will also accept submissions via email to < slavconf @ indiana . edu > or fax ( to 1-812 - 855-2107 ) . paper submission is preferable , however , as these abstracts will be used as camera-ready copy in making the abstract book for the workshop . deadline for receipt of abstracts : 24 april 1998 a volume of proceedings will be published by slavica publishers . all requests for information , inquiries about position papers , and abstracts should be sent to : george fowler [ email ] gfowler @ indiana . edu dept . of slavic languages [ dept . tel . ] 1-812 - 855-9906 / - 2608 / - 2624 ballantine 502 [ dept . fax ] 1-812 - 855-2107 indiana university [ home phone / fax ] 1-317 - 726-1482 / - 1642 bloomington , in 47405-6616 usa [ slavica phone / fax ] 1-812 - 856-4186 / - 4187
 "",0
 2351,""Subject: icoll conference - - texas a&m university
  
  """" negotiating boundaries """" 18 & 19 september 1998 texas a&m university call for papers the english graduate student association of texas a&m university announces its interdisciplinary conference on language and literature . you are invited to submit creative writing and abstracts ( 500 words ) addressing any aspect of the conference 's theme , """" negotiating boundaries . """" panel proposals are also encouraged and should include the panel 's title , participants ' names , and abstracts . all approaches in the humanities are welcome . possible topics might include but are certainly not limited to : * negotiating boundaries of region , race , class , gender , and / or sexuality * writing from the margin ; writing from the center * passing - - race and / or gender * cross - dressing * fin - de-siecle literature and culture ( any century ) * constructions of """" high , """" """" middlebrow , """" and """" low """" culture * negotiating boundaries in the visual and performing arts * literary genres ( the novel , poetry , auto / biography , etc . ) * mixing literary genres / writing about literary genres * constructing authorial identities * children 's literature * creative writing submissions * negotiating boundaries between academic disciplines * literary , theoretical , historical , sociological , anthropological , * philosophical , and / or psychological perspectives on negotiating boundaries the following topics are being sponsored by the discourse - oriented student society ( doss ) of texas a&m . if your submission relates to any of these topics , please write """" doss """" on your abstract or panel proposal . * graduate student / teacher - - negotiating boundaries in academia and in the classroom * boundaries in functional linguistics and discourse analysis * interstices in classical and modern rhetoric * boundaries within technical writing conference date and location : 18-19 september 1998 texas a&m university deadline for submissions : postmarked by friday , 29 may 1998 please address submissions to : claire carly dept . of english texas a&m university college station , tx 77843-4227 for more information , please contact claire carly at : cic1692 @ unix . tamu . edu or visit our website at : http : / / www-english . tamu . edu / egsa / icoll /
 "",0
 2352,""Subject: workshop on embodied conversational characters
  
  the first workshop on embodied conversational characters granlibakken resort & conference center at lake tahoe tahoe city ( north shore ) california , usa october 12-15 , 1998 with the support of aaai cooperation of acm / sigchi call for papers recent advances in several core software technologies have made possible a new type of human-computer interface : the conversational character . conversational characters are autonomous , anthropomorphic , animated figures that have the ability to communicate through multiple modalities , including spoken language , facial expressions , and gestures . unlike textual natural language interfaces , conversational characters have the ability to perceive and produce the verbal and non-verbal signals that identify discourse structure and regulate the flow of information between interlocutors . such signals include intonational patterns , gestures , back-channel feedback signals , and turn-taking protocols . these capabilities enable them to engage in complex interactions with human users via natural speech rather than complex command languages , menus or graphical manipulations . research on conversational characters has emerged from a number of disciplines , including , among others , artificial intelligence , computational linguistics , computer animation , computer vision , psychology , cognitive science , virtual reality , cscw , and hci . this diversity is naturally reflected in the broad range of active research areas in conversational character interfaces . the primary goal of this workshop is to advance the state of conversational character research and development by identifying novel approaches to the topics and issues listed below , and integrating them into a framework for embodied , conversational human-computer interaction . selected contributors will be invited to expand and refine their papers for inclusion in a book to be published by addison - wesley . the aims of this book will be to introduce , define , and advance the field ; to give a snapshot of current work in it ; and to suggest future challenges and opportunities . particular topics of interest include , but are not limited to : * multi - modal interaction * autonomy * recognition & perception of speech , * behavior / dialogue planning gesture , facial expressions , etc . * distribution of semantic information * reactivity and opportunism across multiple modalities * rendering techniques * representation * semantic representations for * character individuation non-verbal communication * dialogue planning * affect and personality * turn - taking and back-channel signals * user studies * spoken language processing * tools for character * discourse structure building / authoring * intonation * architectures & applications papers should address one or more of these topics . demonstrations and video presentations of working systems are strongly encouraged . format the two and a half-day workshop will include several paper sessions , organized around emerging themes , with follow-up panel discussions . in addition , there will be a demonstration session for authors to present working systems . attendance attendance will be limited to 35-40 people . preference will be given to authors whose papers have been selected for presentation at the workshop . submission requirements paper submissions are due on june 15 , 1998 , and should be no longer than 6 pages ( 10-12 point font ) . upon acceptance , authors will be given the opportunity to expand their papers to 8-10 pages . electronic submissions in postscript or microsoft word formats are preferred , and should be sent to prevost @ pal . xerox . com . otherwise , send four hardcopies to : scott prevost attn : embodied conversational characters workshop fx palo alto laboratory 3400 hillview avenue , bldg . 4 palo alto , ca 94304 voice : 650 / 813-7701 deadlines submissions due june 15th notification of acceptance august 17th final papers due september 14th workshop october 12th - 15th workshop organizers joseph w . sullivan , fx palo alto lab , usa ( sullivan @ pal . xerox . com ) justine cassell , mit media laboratory , usa ( justine @ media . mit . edu ) workshop program committee committee co - chairs : scott prevost , fx palo alto lab , usa ( prevost @ pal . xerox . com ) elizabeth churchill , fx palo alto lab , usa ( churchill @ pal . xerox . com ) committee members : elisabeth andre , dfki gmbh , germany ( elisabeth . andre @ dfki . de ) gene ball , microsoft research , usa ( geneb @ microsoft . com ) phil cohen , oregon graduate institute , usa ( pcohen @ cse . ogi . edu ) barbara hayes - roth , stanford univ . , usa ( hayes-roth @ cs . stanford . edu ) kenji mase , atr international , japan ( mase @ mic . atr . co . jp ) clifford nass , stanford university , usa ( nass @ leland . stanford . edu ) mark steedman , university of pennsylvania , usa ( steedman @ cis . upenn . edu ) kris thorisson , lego a / s , denmark ( kris @ digi . lego . com ) demos chair : timothy bickmore , isii inc . , usa ( bickmore @ pal . xerox . com ) additional information for more information , please consult the workshop web page : www . fxpal . com / wecc98 /
 "",0
 2353,""Subject: lrec workshop
  
  call for participation a workshop on minimizing the effort for language resource acquisition granada , spain , 26 may , 1998 in conjunction with the first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 28-30 , may 1998 an applied nlp system must produce adequate results and must be made deployable within reasonable time . gathering and acquiring language resources to build an application system is very time-consuming , and it is imperative to find ways of speeding up acquisition of high quality , useful static knowledge sources such as a variety of grammars , lexicons , corpora , etc . viability of avoiding masive resource acquisition , if possible , must also be carefully considered . resource acquisition should include methods , based both on sound theoretical principles and practical experience , of deciding , among other things , on the amount of knowledge one * really * needs for a given application . increasing the size of knowledge sources or their number and variety does not necessarily lead to a commensurate improvement of output quality in an application , though a correlation between the two certainly exists , but it definitely needs to much increased costs . no matter how large the acquired resources are and how many of them have been acquired , there will always remain a residue of language processing problems which can be tackled only by foregoing the requirement of full automation and involving expensive semi-automatic or even manual acquisition . it becomes imperative , therefore , to assess when the static knowledge source acquisition is no longer profitable . thus , in a system for interactive authoring and automatic generation of patent claim texts , the lexical knowledge base can be restricted to a lexicon of domain-related verbs marked for subcategorization ( as the nominals are provided interactively by the author ) . the proposed workshop will be devoted to any technological and administrative facet of economy of acquisition effort . the technological issues to be discussed at the conference include , but are not limited to : - minimization of effort in acquiring monolingual and multilingual text corpora ; - minimization of effort in acquiring computational lexicons , including phonological , morphological , syntactic , semantic and other ( including application-specific ) information ; - minimization of effort in acquisition of resources for the support of corpus-based language engineering methods ; - minimization of effort in acquiring grammatical coverage of languages and sublanguages ; - methods of determining levels of reusability of existing language resources ; - balancing the needs of the application and the grain size of language description ; - minimization of effort through balancing automatic and interactive methods of knowledge acquisition ; - evaluation of potential utility of resources to applications ; we particularly encourage reports about actual practical large-scale resource acquisition efforts in which economy of effort has been a conscious choice . organizing committee : svetlana sheremetyeva , nmsu crl , usa ( chair ) eduard hovy , usc isi , usa bernardo magnini , irst , italy sergei nirenburg , nmsu crl , usa victor raskin , purdue university , usa frederique segonde , xerox research centre europe , france leo wanner , university of stuttgart , germany submission of papers papers should not exceed 4000 words or 10 pages . presentations will be selected on the basis of a review of papers and project reports . submission mode each submission should include a title page containing the title , author ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , submitting author 's mailing address , telephone number , fax number and e-mail address . the authors may submit three hard copies or submit electronically in postscript form to : svetlana sheremetyeva computing research laboratory new mexico state university , usa box30001 / dept . 3crl / las cruces new mexico 88003-8001 lana @ crl . nmsu . edu receipt of submissions will be acknowledged . important dates thursday , february 19 , 1998 submissions due monday , march , 16 1998 acceptances and rejections friday , april 10 1998 final papers due tuesday , may 26 , 1998 workshop date registration for the workshop will be : 10 , 000 pesetas for those not attending lrec 5 , 000 pesetas for those attending lrec these fees will include a coffee break and the proceedings of the workshop . participation in the workshop will be limited by the venue . requests for participation will be processed on the first come first served basis .
 "",0
 2354,""Subject: 6th workshop on very large corpora
  
  call for papers sixth workshop on very large corpora when : august 15-16 , 1998 ( immediately following acl / coling-98 ) where : university of montreal , montreal , quebec , canada workshop description : as in past years , the workshop will offer a general forum for new research in corpus-based and statistical natural language processing . areas of interest include ( but are not limited to ) : - robust parsing , phrase structure analysis - part of speech tagging - term and name identification - word sense disambiguation - morphological analysis - anaphora resolution - event categorization - discourse structure identification - alignment of parallel texts and bilingual terminology - language modelling - lexicography - machine translation - spelling and grammar correction program chair : eugene charniak brown university program committee : steven abney lillian lee eric brill christopher manning ted briscoe dan melamed rebecca bruce scott miller claire cardie raymond mooney bob carpenter james pustejovksy glen carroll lance ramshaw ken church adwait rathnaparkhi michael collins ellen riloff joshua goodman hinrich schutze vasilis hatzivassiloglou ralph weischedel mark johnson janyce wiebe andrew kehler dekai wu john lafferty david yarowsky sponsor : sigdat ( acl 's special interest group for linguistic data and corpus-based approaches to nlp ) web sites : coling-acl ' 98 - http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / format for submission : only hard-copy submissions will be accepted . authors should submit six ( 6 ) copies of their full-length paper ( 3500-8000 words ) to eugene charniak at the johns hopkins university address below . papers should describe original work . a paper accepted for presentation cannot be presented or have been presented at any other meeting . papers submitted to other conferences will be considered , as long as this fact is clearly indicated in the submission . schedule : submission deadline : april 20 , 1998 notification date : june 1 , 1998 camera ready copy due : june 22 , 1998 contact : eugene charniak e-mail ec @ cs . brown . edu address : before february 1 , 1998 and after june 1 , 1998 department of computer science brown university providence ri 02912-1910 address : from february 1 , 1998 until june 1 , 1998 department of computer science johns hopkins university neb 224 , 3400 n . charles street baltimore , md 21218-2694
 "",0
 2355,""Subject: convergence / divergence of dialects
  
  european science foundation the convergence and divergence of dialects in a changing europe university of reading , 17-19 september , 1998 a reminder : closing dates for abstracts 16th march 1998 ! the final conference of the european science foundation network on the convergence and divergence of dialects in a changing europe will take place at the university of reading , england , on 17-19 september , 1998 . it will include invited lectures by gaetano berruto ( turin ) , william labov ( pennsylvania ) and peter trudgill ( lausanne ) , as well as lectures by members of the network . papers for this event are welcome from everyone working in the area of dialect convergence and divergence in europe , both from a diachronic and a synchronic perspective , using qualitative or quantitative methodology . contributions on the smaller languages of europe are particularly welcome , as are papers on syntax , prosody and discourse . for further details , see previous postings or see the following website : http : / / www . linguistics . reading . ac . uk / research / seminars / dialect / - or email paul kerswill on p . e . kerswill @ reading . ac . uk .
 "",0
 2356,""Subject: kansas working papers in linguistics
  
  call for papers kansas working papers in linguistics number 1 : general linguistics number 2 : studies in native american languages deadline : march 30 , 1998 ( deadline may be negotiable ) the editors of kansas working papers in linguistics will produce two numbers of volume 23 , for 1998 . we welcome submissions of papers on all topics in the field of linguistics and closely-related disciplines for number 1 . papers dealing with native lang uages of the americas will be selected for number 2 . since we are a working paper , publication in kwpl does not preclude later publication elsewhere of revised versions of papers . submissions should be in good readable form ( double or 1 . 5 spaced ) , not n ecessarily final copies . if possible , please include a copy of the paper on a mac - formatted disk , in microsoft word 5 . 1 ( or earlier ) , with copies of fonts of symbols used . student papers are encouraged . please include name , address , email address ( if possible ) when sending correspondence . please send papers or inquiries to this address : editors , kwpl linguistics department 427 blake hall lawrence , ks e-mail : lgsa @ kuhub . cc . ukans . edu
 "",0
 2357,""Subject: bu conf . on lang . dev .
  
  the 23nd annual boston university conference on language development call for papers november 6 , 7 and 8 , 1998 keynote speaker : peter jusczyk , johns hopkins university plenary speaker : jane grimshaw , rutgers university * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * first and second language acquisition all topics in the field of language acquisition will be fully considered , including : bilingualism literacy & narrative cognition & language neurolinguistics creoles & pidgins pragmatics discourse pre - linguistic development exceptional language signed languages input &interaction sociolinguistics language disorders speech perception & production linguistic theory ( syntax , semantics , phonology , morphology , lexicon ) abstracts submitted must represent original , unpublished research . presentations will be 20 minutes long , plus 10 minutes for questions . please submit : 1 ) six copies of an anonymous , clearly titled 450 - word summary for review ; 2 ) one copy of a 150 - word abstract for use in the conference program book if your abstract is accepted . if your paper is accepted , this abstract will be scanned into the conference handbook . no changes in title or authors will be possible after acceptance . 3 ) for each author , one copy of the information form printed at the bottom of this sheet . please include a self-addressed , stamped postcard for acknowledgment of receipt . notice of acceptance or rejection will be sent by early august . pre - registration materials and preliminary schedule will be available in late august , 1998 . all authors who present papers at the conference will be invited to contribute their papers to the proceedings volumes . those papers will be due in january , 1999 . note : all conference papers will be selected on the basis of abstracts submitted . although each abstract will be evaluated individually , we will attempt to honor requests to schedule accepted papers together in group sessions . deadline : all submissions must be received by may 15 , 1998 . send submissions to : boston university conference on language development 704 commonwealth ave . , suite 101 boston , ma 02215 u . s . a . telephone : ( 617 ) 353-3085 e-mail : langconf @ louis-xiv . bu . edu ( we regret that we cannot accept abstract submissions by fax or e-mail . ) information regarding the conference may be accessed at http : / / web . bu . edu / linguistics / applied / conference . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * author information form ( fill out one form completely for each author ) title : topic area : audiovisual requests : full name : affiliation : current address : summer address if different , and dates : current email : summer email : current phone number : summer phone if different : * to accommodate as many papers as possible , we reserve the right to limit each submitter to one first authorship and if circumstances warrant , to limit each submitter to two papers in any authorship status . * please indicate whether , if your paper is not one of the 90 initially selected for presentation , you would be willing to be considered as an alternate . ( if you indicate that you are willing to be considered , this does not commit you to accepting alternate status if it should be offered to you . ) _ _ _ _ _ yes , consider me as an alternate if necessary _ _ _ _ _ no , please do not consider me as an alternate please indicate how you received the 1998 call for papers : _ _ _ _ email / electronic _ _ _ _ surface mail _ _ _ _ word of mouth please indicate how you wish to receive the 1999 call for papers : _ _ _ _ email / electronic _ _ _ surface mail _ _ _ _ both
 "",0
 2358,""Subject: 5th wollic ' 98 - 3rd call
  
  third call for contributions 5th workshop on logic , language , information and computation ( wollic ' 98 ) july 28-31 , 1998 ( tutorial day : july 28th ) ime-usp , sao paulo , brazil the """" 5th workshop on logic , language , information and computation """" ( wollic ' 98 ) , the fifth version of a series of workshops which started in 1994 with the aim of fostering interdisciplinary research in pure and applied logic , will be held in sao paulo , brazil , from july 28th to 31st 1998 . contributions are invited in the form of short papers ( 6 10pt pages or 1800 words ) in all areas related to logic , language , information and computation , including : pure logical systems , proof theory , model theory , algebraic logic , type theory , category theory , constructive mathematics , lambda and combinatorial calculi , program logic and program semantics , logics and models of concurrency , logic and complexity theory , nonclassical logics , nonmonotonic logic , logic and language , discourse representation , logic and artificial intelligence , automated deduction , foundations of logic programming , logic and computation , and logic engineering . the 5th wollic ' 98 has the scientific sponsorship of the interest group in pure and applied logics ( igpl ) , the european association for logic , language and information ( folli ) , the association for symbolic logic ( asl ) , the sociedade brasileira de computacao ( sbc ) , and the sociedade brasileira de logica ( sbl ) . there will be a number of guest speakers , including : sergei artemov ( moscow state univ , russia ) ( confirmed ) , sam buss ( univ calif san diego , us ) ( confirmed ) , edmund clarke ( carnegie - mellon univ , us ) ( confirmed ) , heinz dieter ebbinghaus ( universitaet freiburg , germany ) ( confirmed ) , michael fourman ( edinburgh univ , uk ) ( confirmed ) , dov gabbay ( imperial coll , uk ) ( * ) , ehud hrushovski ( hebrew univ jerusalem , israel ) ( * ) , hans kamp ( stuttgart univ , germany ) ( confirmed ) , phokion kolaitis ( univ calif santa cruz , us ) ( * ) , valeria de paiva ( birmingham univ , uk ) ( confirmed ) , maarten de rijke ( amsterdam univ , the netherlands ) ( confirmed ) , giovanni sambin ( padoa univ , italy ) ( confirmed ) . ( * ) to be confirmed submission : papers ( sent preferably in latex format by e-mail to * * wollic @ ime . usp . br * * , or in 5 ( five ) copies to postal address ) must be received by april 3rd , 1998 by one of the co - chairs of the organising committee . papers must be written in english and give enough detail to allow the programme committee to assess the merits of the work . papers should start with a brief statement of the issues , a summary of the main results , and a statement of their significance and relevance to the workshop . references and comparisons with related work is also expected . technical development directed to the specialist should follow . results must be unpublished and not submitted for publication elsewhere , including the proceedings of other symposia or workshops . one author of each accepted paper will be expected to attend the conference in order to present it . authors will be notified of acceptance by may 15th , 1998 . the abstracts of the papers will be published in a """" conference report """" section of the logic journal of the igpl ( issn 1367-0751 ) ( oxford univ press ) as part of the meeting report . papers presented at the meeting will be invited for submission ( in full version ) to the logic journal of the igpl ( http : / / www . oup . co . uk / jnls / igpl / ) . the wollic ' 98 is hosted by universidade de sao paulo ( usp ) , and will take place at the mathematics and statistics institute ( ime ) . programme committee : andreas blass ( michigan univ , usa ) , itala d ' ottaviano ( univ campinas , br ) , j . michael dunn ( indiana univ , usa ) , wilfrid hodges ( queen mary coll , uk ) , francisco miraglia ( univ sao paulo , br ) , luiz carlos pereira ( cathol univ rio , br ) , andrew pitts ( cambridge univ , uk ) , amir pnueli ( weizmann inst , israel ) . organising committee : l . s . c . baptista ( ufpe / ufpb ) , m . finger ( usp ) , e . hermann haeusler ( puc - rio ) , a . c . v . de melo ( usp ) , a . g . de oliveira ( ufba / ufpe ) , r . de queiroz ( ufpe ) , f . c . da silva ( usp ) . for further information , contact the co - chairs of the organising committee : ruy de queiroz , departamento de informatica , univ . federal de pernambuco , cp 7851 , 50732-970 recife , pe , brazil , e-mail : ruy @ di . ufpe . br , tel . : ( + 55 81 ) 271 8430 , fax : ( + 55 81 ) 271 8438 . marcelo finger , departamento de ciencia da computacao , instituto de matematica e estatistica , universidade de sao paulo , rua do matao 1010 , 05508-900 sao paulo , sp , brazil , e-mail : mfinger @ ime . usp . br , tel . : ( + 55 11 ) 818 6287 , fax : ( + 55 11 ) 818 6134 . web page : http : / / www . ime . usp . br / ~ wollic
 "",0
 2359,""Subject: coling - acl ' 98 ( deadline extension )
  
  deadline has been extended ! in response to concerns about the short time span between the final cfp issued a few days ago and the original submis - sion deadline , it has been decided to extend the deadline by 3 weeks . please see the revised timetable below . ( final ) call for papers coling - acl ' 98 workshop """" discourse relations and discourse markers """" august 15 , 1998 universiti de montrial montrial / canada ( see also : http : / / flp . cs . tu-berlin . de / ~ marker / aclcolingws . html ) timetable : deadline for electronic submissions : april 6 , 1998 deadline for hardcopy submissions : april 9 ( arrival date ) notification of acceptance : may 25 , 1998 final manuscripts due : june 15 , 1998 for other details , see linguist list 9 . 326
 "",0
 2360,""Subject: computers and the humanities
  
  computers and the humanities for over thirty years , computers and the humanities ( chum ) has been the premier international journal for publications on language , text , and humanities-related research . starting with the publication of volume 31 , chum is taking on a new look , with a new cover and format , together with a new editorial staff representing areas across the variety of disciplines covered by the journal . in addition to continuing to publish top-quality articles covering all kinds of textual analysis , corpus studies , and language and literary analysis , we are actively seeking to extend our scope to cover the full range of materials which are available for research in humanities disciplines , including images , sound , speech data , etc . we invite the submission of high-quality articles describing research concerning the creation , representation , and maintenance of text resources and other media , as well as descriptions of methodologies and results of research using such materials , including statistical and symbolic methods , strategies for information storage and retrieval , etc . in keeping with chum 's long tradition of fostering inter-disiplinary work , we also encourage submission of articles involving multi-lingual and / or multi-modal applications and research . we extend a special invitation for articles which survey the current state-of - the-art in any relevant area . such articles should provide an overview of past and recent work , an assessment of the current achievements and directions for future research , and a full bibliography which may serve as a reference for those interested in the field . for a recent example , see """" current approaches to punctuation in computational linguistics """" , b . say and v . akman , chum 30 : 6 ( 1996 ) . in addition to publishing full-length research articles , chum also publishes a section on reports and discussion , which includes shorter articles reporting on projects , intermediate results , or discussing relevant issues . contributions to this section are also solicited . for information about computers and the humanities and article submission procedures , consult http : / / www . wkap . nl / computers and the humanities - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - editorial staff editors - in-chief : nancy ide , vassar college , usa daniel greenstein , king 's college , uk resource review editor : elli mylonas , brown university , usa board of commissioning editors : sheila anderson , university of essex , uk stephen arnold , glasgow university , uk r . h . baayen , max planck institute for psycholinguistics , the netherlands david t . barnard , university of regina , canada christian delcourt , universite de liege , belgium richard giordano , university of manchester , uk claus huitfeldt , university of bergen , norway judith l . klavans , columbia university , usa john lavagnino , brown university , usa kirk martinez , birkbeck college , uk mark olsen , university of chicago , usa philip resnik , university of maryland , usa julian richards , york university , uk laurent romary , centre de recherche en informatique de nancy , france dan tufis , romanian academy of sciences , romania syun tutiya , chiba university , japan john unsworth , university of virginia , usa ; ellen voorhees , national institute for standards and technology , usa
 "",0
 2361,""Subject: tag + workshop
  
  tag + workshop - - preliminary announcement the fourth workshop on tree-adjoining grammars and related frameworks ( hence the + after tag ) will be held at the institute for research in cognitive science at the university of pennsylvania in august 1998 , from august 1 to august 3 . previous workshops were held at dagstuhl ( 1990 ) , upenn ( 1992 ) , and univ . paris 7 ( 1994 ) . papers on all aspects of tag ( linguistic , mathematical , computational , and applicational ) , as well as papers relating tags to other frameworks , are invited . as in the past there will be some invited talks on other grammar formalisms which have interesting relationships to tags ( for example , categorial grammars and hpsg ) . guidelines for abstracts : abstracts should be at most two pages ( exclusive of references ) , and should be submitted in ascii format , as a . ps file , or as self-contained latex file to jmacdoug @ central . cis . upenn . edu . ( if email is not available , please send the abstract to the address given below . ) please indicate on the abstract if you would prefer to give a short presentation ( 10 minutes ) or a long one ( 30 minutes ) . the abstract should contain your name , address , and email address . proceedings including extended versions ( 4 pages ) of accepted abstracts will be available at the workshop . deadline for submission for abstracts : april 15 notification of acceptance : may 15 deadline for submission of camera-ready extended abstract : july 6 workshop dates : august 1 to august 3 if you do not want to submit an abstract , but would like to attend , we would appreciate it if you could inform us by email by july 6 ( unless you have already done so ) . if you would like to present a demo , please let us know as soon as possible , including information about required hard and software . contact address : jennifer macdougall 553 moore building university of pennsylvania philadelphia , pa 19104-6389 usa telephone : ( 215 ) 898-3191 fax : ( 215 ) 898-0587 email : jmacdoug @ central . cis . upenn . edu tutorial : prior to the workshop there will be a tutorial ( including labs and demos ) from july 28 to july 31 1998 . details about the tutorial will be sent out soon . we are trying to get some partial support for some of the students attending the tutorials . more information about this will appear in future announcements . organizing committee : tilman becker ( dfki ) owen rambow ( cogentex ) giorgio satta ( universita di padova ) k . vijayshanker ( university of delaware )
 "",0
 2362,""Subject: kitahara review .
  
  hisatsugu kitahara , ( 1997 ) elementary operations and optimal derivations , mit press , cambridge , mass . 140 pages , $ 15 . 00 . reviewed by julie legate , < jlegate @ mit . edu > this book is very firmly situated within the minimalist approach to syntactic theory that was begun by chomsky ( 1991 ) and perhaps most fully articulated in chomsky ( 1995 ) . it adopts much of the basic architecture of the 1995 version of minimalism ( henceforth mp ) , while deriving several of its principles and assumptions . the first three chapters of the book propose some comparatively minor alterations to the mp system , and demonstrate that these alterations allow several stipulations of the mp to be dropped , while retaining or improving the framework 's empirical coverage . the final chapter retains the proposals of the previous chapters while putting forth a new condition that is a more clear departure from the mp approach . with this condition , kitahara is able to account for several notoriously problematic wh-constructions . kitahara 's first chapter consists of a review of the minimalist syntactic framework . he discusses the conceptual foundation of the approach ( the unflinching application of occam 's razor to every aspect of the computational system ) , the guiding principles of global economy , as well as the internal mechanisms of the computation ( including the creation of syntactic trees through successive operations of merge and of morphological feature-driven move ) . his second chapter contains the core proposals of the book . kitahara replaces the operations of merge , move , and erase by two """" elementary operations """" : """" concatenation """" and """" replacement """" . concatenation is the procedure which joins two objects alpha and beta to form a new object k . replacement , on the other hand , substitutes an object alpha for an object beta , where beta is contained within a larger object sigma . the mp operations are redefined using these elementary operations as follows ( p35 ) : ( i ) cyclic merge = concatenation cyclic move = concatenation noncyclic merge = concatenation + replacement noncyclic move = concatenation + replacement erase = replacement he further redefines the shortest derivation condition ( chomsky 1991 , 1993 ; epstein 1992 ) in terms of these operations , as in ( ii ) ( p26 ) : ( ii ) shortest derivation condition ( sdc ) minimize the number of elementary operations necessary for convergence . given this technology , he proceeds to derive several of the principles and assumptions of mp . first , he considers cyclicity , providing a detailed summary and comparison of the approaches taken in chomsky 1993 , 1994 , and 1995 . he derives that , in simple cases , cyclic convergent derivations should be preferred over noncyclic convergent ones , since cyclic operations yield a shorter derivation . as shown in ( i ) above , cyclic operations involve only one elementary operation : concatenation , whereas noncyclic ones require two : concatenation and replacement . next , he turns to the mp principle of procrastinate : covert movement ( i . e . movement which occurs in the computation after the derivation is sent to pf for pronunciation ) is preferable to overt movement . he separates the discussion into head movement , object shift , and expletive insertion . he adopts the mp assumptions that ( a ) movement results in two instances of identical elements , one in the merged position and the other in the moved position ( i . e . the copy theory of movement ) ; ( b ) if an element is overtly attracted , the entire category moves , whereas if an element is covertly attracted , only the formal features move ; and ( c ) only one of the identical elements created by movement is interpreted at lf . finally , he proposes a novel interpretation of effect of strong features in the grammar , as in ( iii ) ( p37 ) : ( iii ) strong feature condition spell - out applies to sigma only if sigma contains no category with a strong feature . regarding head movement , in languages with overt verb raising , t has a strong v feature and thus overt raising is necessary for convergence . in languages without overt verb raising , the sdc selects derivations with covert , rather than overt , verb raising . although both covert and overt head movement involve one operation of replacement ( since head movement is necessarily non-cyclic ) , kitahara claims that overt head movement , being category movement requires an additional instance of replacement , thus resulting in a longer derivation . his reasoning is as follows . if a verb moves overtly , its semantic features are carried along . therefore , at lf it will be necessary to delete one of the instances of the semantic features , since elements are only interpreted once . this requires an application of replacement that is not needed for covert movement , since covert movement only affects the formal features , not the semantic features as well . notice that the same reasoning will not extend to phrasal movement . overt movement will require one instance of replacement to delete the semantic features of one member of the chain ( just considering a simple two-membered chain ) , however covert movement will also require one instance of replacement , since covert movement is necessarily non-cyclic . thus , the sdc cannot choose between derivations with overt object shift and those without . this predicts the optionality of object shift in languages like icelandic , without resorting to the mp ' optional strong feature ' analysis , which is a simple restatement of the facts . in languages without overt verb movement , object shift is predicted to be impossible , assuming that the object shifts to the outside specifier of vp , the inside specifier being the merged position of the subject , and that multiple specifiers are not equidistant from a higher head , unless head movement renders them equidistant . thus , the shifted object would block movement of the subject to tp , unless the verb has raised to t . kitahara acknowledges ( p144 , fn26 ) , however , that he cannot explain languages like french , that display overt verb raising but prohibit object shift . finally , kitahara considers the timing of expletive insertion . notice that although mp assumes that merge is cheaper than move , kitahara 's reanalysis predicts that merge be equally economical to cyclic move , since both consist of one application of concatenation . since the timing of expletive insertion is the primary empirical motivation for the mp assumption , kitahara demonstrates that this timing is equally captured within his system . consider the familiar sentences ( iv ) and ( v ) . ( iv ) there seems to be a man in the room . ( v ) * there seems a man to be in the room . in ( iv ) , the expletive was inserted in the embedded [ spec , t ] and raised to the matrix tp . in ( v ) , on the other hand , """" a man """" was raised to the embedded tp and the expletive was inserted directly into the specifier of the matrix tp . mp claimed that ( iv ) is preferred over ( v ) because it is cheaper to merge the expletive into the embedded tp than to move the associate . kitahara claims that these facts follow from his sdc . since expletives are assumed to have no semantic features , overt raising of """" there """" will not require an application of replacement to delete an instance of semantic features in ( iv ) . in ( v ) , on the other hand , overt raising of """" a man """" will require replacement to delete one of the resulting two instances of the semantic features of """" a man """" . therefore , the derivation in ( iv ) is shorter than that in ( v ) and thus preferred . as a side point , notice that this analysis requires that the formal features of """" a man """" raise covertly directly to the matrix t . if these features raised to the embedded tp covertly , the non-cyclic movement would result in an additional application of replacement , and ( iv ) and ( v ) should be equally economical ( an equivalent situation to object shift ) . kitahara concludes chapter two with a note about the timing of expletive insertion in icelandic transitive expletive constructions . he assumes the mp analysis that the associate ( i . e . the subject of the transitive ) moves into the inner specifier of tp and the expletive merges into the outer specifier of tp , the verb appearing between the two as a verb-second phenomenon . he notes that although this situation is the opposite of the english situation discussed above , i . e . here category movement precedes expletive insertion , this is predicted by the restriction against downwards movement . assuming the associate must move to adjoin to the expletive at lf , the associate must appear lower than the expletive , in order for this movement to be raising rather than lowering . in chapter three , kitahara demonstrates that chomsky 's ( 1995 ) minimal link condition can explain phenomena which had previously received disparate analyses in the literature . ( vi ) minimal link condition ( mlc ) h ( k ) attracts alpha only if there is no beta , beta closer to h ( k ) than alpha , such that h ( k ) attracts beta . kitahara begins with relativized minimality ( chomsky 1993 ) violations , as in ( vii ) , and superiority condition violations , as in ( viii ) . ( vii ) * john seems it is t ( john ) certain to be here . ( viii ) * what did you persuade whom to buy t ( what ) ? the mlc accounts naturally for these facts : in ( vii ) , """" it """" is closer than """" john """" to the matrix t , and thus blocks attraction of """" john """" ; in ( viii ) , """" whom """" is closer to the matrix cp than """" what """" and thus blocks attraction of """" what """" . next , kitahara considers proper binding condition violations , like that shown in ( x ) . ( ix ) proper binding condition traces must be bound . ( x ) * which picture of t ( who ) do you wonder who john likes t ( which picture of t ( who ) ) ? he argues that a proper binding condition analysis of ( x ) is no longer available in minimalist approaches . this condition can no longer apply at s - structure , since s - structure has been eliminated from the model , and lf reconstruction of """" picture of t ( who ) """" could create a configuration in which the trace of """" who """" is bound . instead , kitahara offers an mlc solution . he observes that ( x ) involves two violations of the minimal link condition . first , """" which """" is closer to the embedded cp than """" who """" and thus blocks the attraction of """" who """" ( note that """" picture of who """" would be necessarily carried along with """" which """" to the embedded cp by an independent convergence condition ) . second , given the illegitimate attraction of """" who """" to the embedded cp , """" who """" becomes closer to the matrix cp than """" which """" , and thus blocks the attraction of """" which """" . assuming that ( xi ) a derivation employing a greater number of illegitimate steps induces a greater degree of deviance ( p72 ) the derivation in ( xii ) below is preferred over ( x ) because ( x ) involves two violations of the mlc whereas ( xii ) involves only one . ( xii ) ? ? who do you wonder which picture of t ( who ) john likes t ( which picture of who ) ? kitahara extends this analysis to crossing versus nesting dependency data . ( xiii ) nested dependency condition ( pesetsky 1987 ) if two """" wh """" - trace dependencies overlap , one must contain the other . the paradigm cases are those in ( xiv ) and ( xv ) : ( xiv ) ? ? what did you wonder whom john persuaded t ( whom ) to buy t ( what ) ? ( xv ) ? * whom did you wonder what john persuaded t ( whom ) to buy t ( what ) ? in ( xiv ) , kitahara observes , the mlc is disobeyed once , in the raising of """" what """" over """" whom """" to the matrix cp . in ( xv ) , on the other hand , the mlc is disobeyed twice , once in the raising """" what """" over """" whom """" to the embedded cp , and a second time in the raising of """" whom """" over """" what """" to the matrix cp . thus , following ( ix ) , the grammar prefers ( xiv ) over ( xv ) . finally , kitahara considers scrambling and topicalization in german and japanese , demonstrating that certain restrictions on these phenomena can also receive an mlc treatment . he assumes that both phenomena are feature driven , and that the scrambling / topicalization feature of the attracted element is interpretable , and thus remains accessible to the computation after checking . the basic pattern considered is that it is not possible to scramble an element from a constituent and then scramble the remnant , however it is possible to then topicalize the remnant . german examples are provided in ( xvi ) and ( xvii ) : ( xvi ) scrambling + scrambling of remnant * dass [ t ( das buch ) zu lesen ] keiner [ das buch ] t ( t ( das buch ) zu lesen ) that ( the book ) to read no one the book ( the book to read ) versucht hat tried has """" that no one has tried to read the book """" ( xvii ) scrambling + topicalization of remnant [ t ( das buch ) zu lesen ] hat keiner [ das buch ] t ( t ( das buch ) zu lesen ) ( the book ) to read has no one the book ( the book to read ) versucht tried """" no one has tried to read the book """" under these assumptions , ( xvi ) violates the mlc twice , first by scrambling the dp """" that book """" over the closer vp """" that book to read """" , and second by scrambling the vp """" t ( that book ) to read """" over the now-closer dp """" that book """" . ( xvii ) , on the other hand , does not violate the mlc at all . assuming that the features that drive topicalization and scrambling are distinct , """" that book """" would be the closest available element with the scrambling feature to the attracting head , since """" that book to read """" would have a topicalization feature rather than a scrambling feature . similarly , the vp """" t ( that book ) to read """" is the closest available element to be attracted for topicalization , since """" that book """" has a scrambling feature not a topicalization feature . in chapter four , kitahara discusses the differences in deviance between derivations which involve one violation of the mlc by a wh-element . he provides the generalization in ( xviii ) , and examples in ( xix ) - ( xxii ) ( p83 - 85 ) : ( xviii ) an mlc violation involving adjuncts , subjects , or quasi objects [ i . e . """" how many """" phrases ] is far more severe than an mlc violation involving objects . ( xix ) adjunct * how do you wonder [ whether john fixed the car t ( how ) ? ( xx ) subject * what do you wonder [ whether t ( what ) was fixed t ( what ) ] ? ( xxii ) quasi - object * how many pounds do you wonder [ whether john weighed t ( how many ) ] ? ( xxii ) object ? ? what do you wonder [ whether john fixed t ( what ) ] ? in order to explain this phenomenon , kitahara proposes the following condition ( p90 ) : ( xxiii ) chain formation condition an application of move forms 1 or > 1 chain ( s ) only if it is legitimate ( = violation-free ) and assumes that traces may be attracted ( at least covertly ) . he claims that the illegitimate wh-movements in ( xix ) - ( xxii ) do not form a chain . therefore , the wh-elements will not be able to be interpreted at lf , causing the derivation to crash . this accounts for the ungrammaticality of ( xix ) - ( xxii ) . in ( xxii ) , however , kitahara claims that the formal features of the trace of """" what """" raise covertly to check accusative case , and that it is this movement that saves the derivation . ( notice that covert movement of the traces of the wh-elements in ( xxiv ) - ( xxvi ) will not occur . adjuncts and quasi objects do not check case , and subjects move overtly to check case . ) according to the chain formation condition , the movement of the formal features of the object , being legitimate , may form one or more chains ; in particular , it forms a chain between the raised position of """" what """" in the matrix cp and the merged position of """" what """" . thus , the derivation can be interpreted at lf , and has only the status of a mlc violation . kitahara extends the analysis to ( xxiv ) . ( xxiv ) """" where """" / """" when """" adjuncts ? ? where / when do you wonder [ whether john fixed the car t ( where / when ) ? he assumes that these adjuncts are the complement of a null preposition . therefore , the formal features of the trace of """" where """" / """" when """" must raise covertly to check case with the null preposition , again creating the necessary chain between the moved position of """" where """" / """" when """" in the matrix cp and its merged position . this chapter concludes the book . although this book stands solidly on the foundations of previous minimalist syntactic research , it remains accessible to those who are not well-versed in minimalist theory . it provides very clear explanations of the details of previous minimalist approaches , as well as kitahara 's own proposals . furthermore , all relevant derivations are presented step-by - step , at a pace designed to accommodate the non-specialist . thus , it presents a good opportunity for those interested to learn about research and issues in minimalist syntax . those who are familiar with minimalist research should find this to be an interesting reworking and application of 1995 - style minimalism . anyone convinced by recent discussions of computational complexity and local economy ( see collins 1997 , johnson & lappin 1997 , yang 1997 , among others ) , however , will be dissatisfied with the approach , as it continues to rely on global economy conditions . since , of course , not everyone has been convinced by the discussion , this is more a note to prospective readers than a criticism . on a similar note , a crucial assumption for the analyses is that the grammar can count , which is controversial , but not obviously false . note that , regarding cyclicity , the notoriously problematic case of head - movement , which chomsky ( 1995 ) managed to incorporate into """" cyclicity """" requirements ( forcing it to apply before introduction of another head into the derivation ) , again falls outside the analysis of """" cyclicity """" . since all head - movement will require an operation of replacement , there is no longer any clear way to force it to apply before another head is introduced . perhaps more serious is the reformulation of the strong feature condition . the various strong feature conditions of previous minimalist approaches are simplified in the first chapter to ( ii ) above , repeated in ( xxv ) below . ( xxv ) strong feature condition spell - out applies to sigma only if sigma contains no category with a strong feature . the difficulty with this formulation is that it renders the strong feature condition an s - structure condition and thus anti - minimalist , since minimalism took great pains to eliminate all s - structure conditions . notice that it would be trivial to reformulate all previous s - structure conditions in a manner parallel to ( xxv ) - - """" spell - out applies to sigma only if sigma contains no traces which are not bound """" - - thus reducing the minimalist claim that s - structure is redundant to a matter of terminology only . furthermore , in the last chapter , a further condition involving strong features had to be introduced in order to rule out certain noncyclic derivations . this additional condition , given in ( xxvi ) , is essentially a weakened version of chomsky 's ( 1995 ) formulation of the strong feature condition . ( xxvi ) alpha and beta cannot be concatenated if some sublabel of alpha and some sublabel of beta are both strong ( p95 ) thus , the proposed simplification of the strong feature condition actually results in positing two conditions , one of which is an s - structure condition . another seemingly anti - minimalist proposal is the chain formation condition , given in ( xxiii ) above and repeated in ( xxvii ) below . ( xxvii ) chain formation condition an application of move forms 1 or > 1 chain ( s ) only if it is legitimate ( = violation-free ) minimalist theory claims that the computation of human language meets the inclusiveness condition , i . e . no new elements are added during the course of the computation . instead , the computation arranges and rearranges items selected from the lexicon . therefore , under minimalist theory , the notion of a """" chain """" as an independent entity does not exist , as it would have to be added during the course of the derivation , violating inclusiveness . instead , """" chain """" is simply a convenient term used to refer to the identical elements in a derivation . the chain formation condition , however , crucially requires chains to have an independent existence in the computation . these comments aside , this book does represent a step forward in the minimalist research program . kitahara is able to derive several assumptions / principles which previously could only be stipulated . the account of optionality in icelandic object shift is more satisfying than the """" optional strong feature """" approach , although , as was noted , it does raise some cross - linguistic considerations ( e . g . french ) . the systematic application of the minimal link condition to data captured by various other conditions was sorely needed , if only to confirm the intuitions that an mlc would have equal , or superior , empirical coverage . finally , the analysis of """" wh """" extraction asymmetries presented in the final chapter , is one of the few minimalist treatments of this phenomenon . all in all , the reader will find this book to be very well considered , clearly explained , and thought-provoking . biography julie anne legate is a phd student in the department of linguistics and philosophy at mit . her research interests include syntactic theory and irish syntax . bibliography chomsky , noam . ( 1991 ) some notes on economy of derivation and representation . in principles and parameters in comparative grammar , ed . robert freidin , 417-454 . mit press , cambridge , mass . chomsky , noam . ( 1993 ) a minimalist program for linguistic theory . in the view from building 20 , eds kenneth hale & samuel jay keyser , 1-52 . mit press , cambridge , mass . chomsky , noam . ( 1994 ) bare phrase structure . mit occasional papers in linguistics 5 . mitwpl , cambridge , mass . chomsky , noam . ( 1995 ) the minimalist program . mit press , cambridge , mass . collins , chris . ( 1997 ) local economy . mit press , cambridge , mass . epstein , samuel d . ( 1992 ) derivational constraints on a ' - chain formation . linguistic inquiry 23 , 135-159 . johnson , david & shalom lappin . ( 1997 ) a critique of the minimalist program . linguistics and philosophy . yang , charles d . ( 1997 ) minimal computation . master 's thesis , department of electrical engineering and computer science , mit . - - - - - - end of forwarded message
 "",0
 2363,""Subject: atelier des doctorants de linguistique ( adl )
  
  call for papers fifth meeting of the adl 4 - 5 december 1998 university of paris 7 - denis diderot the atelier des doctorants de linguistique ( adl ) is an organisation created and run by students . with the support of the university of paris 7 , it aims at developing exchanges between students from different theoretical backgrounds . the fifth meeting provides an opportunity for young linguists to present their works and exchange ideas through : * papers on miscellaneous areas of linguistics * workshops on interdisciplinary topics * friendly breaks providing an opportunity for informal discussions . this meeting is organised by students and is student-oriented . papers , preferably delivered in french , should deal with the following fields : computational linguistics , history of linguistics , lexicology , phonetics , phonology , pragmatics , psycholinguistics , semantics , sociolinguistics , syntax and morphology . a three-page abstract setting out the theoretical background , hypotheses , examples and results which are to be presented at the meeting should be sent by october 15th . abstracts should be submitted , ( by email in rtf-format if possible ) , to sabrina . bendjaballah @ linguist . jussieu . fr ( for macintosh ) patricia . cabredo - hofherr @ linguist . jussieu . fr ( for pc formats ) . if you send your abstact by mail please enclose three anonymous copies along with a separate listing of name , institutional affiliation , preferred mailing address , phone , e-mail address and paper title to the following address : 5emes rencontres de l ' adl universite paris 7 - denis diderot ufr de linguistique - case 7003 tour centrale , piece 911 2 , place jussieu 75251 paris cedex 05 accepted speakers will be notified by the program committee in early november . the meeting will be free of charge . furthermore , we will try to arrange accommodation for speakers . for further information , join us at http : / / www . linguist . jussieu . fr / ~ leglise / adlp7 / adlp7 . htm or at cabredo @ ccr . jussieu . fr . program committee : nicolas ballier , sabrina bendjaballah , patricia cabredo hofherr , emmanuelle canut , pierre jalenques , isabelle leglise , helene le guillou de penanros ( coordination ) , tobias scheer , kim stroumza . abstract deadline : october 15th , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - appel a communications cinquiemes rencontres de l ' atelier des doctorants de linguistique de l ' universite paris 7 4 - 5 decembre 1998 universite de paris 7 - denis diderot structure creee et geree par des doctorants , l ' atelier des doctorants de linguistique ( a . d . l . ) de paris 7 , avec le soutien de son ecole doctorale , a pour objectif de favoriser les echanges entre etudiants travaillant dans des domaines et dans des cadres theoriques differents . dans cette optique , il organise pour la cinquieme annee consecutive des rencontres , occasion pour de jeunes linguistes de presenter leurs travaux et de confronter leurs points de vues a travers : * des presentations dans des domaines varies de la linguistique * des ateliers-debats autour de themes transversaux * des pauses conviviales laissant le temps aux discussions la particularite de ces rencontres est leur caractere etudiant : organisation , comite de lecture et intervenants . les communications se situeront dans les domaines suivants : histoire des idees linguistiques , lexicologie , linguistique et informatique , morphologie , phonetique , phonologie , pragmatique linguistique , psycholinguistique , semantique , sociolinguistique et syntaxe . les etudiants interesses enverront un resume de 3 pages avant le 15 octobre 1998 , comprenant : une explicitation de leurs presupposes theoriques , les hypotheses , exemples et resultats exposes lors de la presentation . ce resume est a soumettre , si possible par email en format rtf a : sabrina . bendjaballah @ linguist . jussieu . fr ( format macintosh ) patricia . cabredo - hofherr @ linguist . jussieu . fr ( format pc ) ou a adresser , en 3 exemplaires anonymes accompagnes d ' une fiche personnalisee ( nom , universite de rattachement , adresse personnelle et professionnelle , telephone , email , titre de la communication ) a l ' adresse suivante : 5emes rencontres de l ' adl universite paris 7 - denis diderot ufr de linguistique - case 7003 tour centrale , piece 911 2 , place jussieu 75251 paris cedex 05 l ' acceptation des communications sera notifiee par le comite de lecture debut novembre . la participation a ces rencontres est gratuite . nous essaierons , de plus , de mettre en place des possibilites d ' hebergement . les personnes souhaitant des renseignements complementaires peuvent nous contacter a la meme adresse ou par email , ou www : http : / / www . linguist . jussieu . fr / ~ leglise / adlp7 / adlp7 . htm organisation : nicolas ballier , sabrina bendjaballah , patricia cabredo hofherr , emmanuelle canut , pierre jalenques , isabelle leglise , helene le guillou de penanros ( coordination ) , tobias scheer , kim stroumza . date limite pour les resumes : 15 octobre 1998
 "",0
 2364,""Subject: new journal - - information
  
  call for papers and articles ! first announcement for a new journal i n f o r m a t i o n issn : 1343-4500 an international journal for publishing original research papers and survey articles in chinese , japanese and english covering all areas of sciences and technologies . high quality research papers and survey articles are solicited , covering the scope of the journal outlined below . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = aims and scope = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the journal presents the latest information and research papers concerning high technologies and modern sciences . the journal introduces up-to - date trend concerning the forefront researches in all areas of science and technology , provides a spot to presents original and novel ideas , outlines present research activities , forecasts future research directions , discusses some research themes , and presents some high-level research papers . the journal covers all areas of science and technology with three sections : ( 1 ) natural science ( 2 ) cultural and social sciences ( 3 ) engineering and technology prospective papers and articles include : commentary , the latest trend , open problems , forecast , discussion , research papers , news , book review , project 's introduction , etc . catalog and abstracts will be published in chinese , japanese and english simultaneously . the papers and articles may be written in either chinese , japanese or english . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = contribution details = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = according to the essential points for preparing papers ( see the homepage : http : / / www . sv . cc . yamaguchi-u . ac . jp / ~ informat / indexe . html ) , the language of manuscripts can be one of chinese , japanese and english . only original papers ( not published or not simultaneously submitted to another journal ) will be considered for publication . copyright for published papers should be transfered to the journal . for electronic contribution , the latex source files or ps files are welcomed . please e-mail the manuscripts to informat @ po . cc . yamaguchi-u . ac . jp . for postmail contribution , four copies of the manu script should be airmailed to information secretariat faculty of science yamaguchi university , yoshida 1677 - 1 , yamaguchi 753-8512 , japan . manuscripts must include : ( 1 ) the title , author 's name ( s ) and affiliation in chinese or japanese ( if preparing the manuscripts in chinese or japanese ) , ( 2 ) the title , author 's name ( s ) , affiliation and abstract in english , ( 3 ) the body of the manuscripts , ( 4 ) references , ( 5 ) brief curriculum vitae for the author ( s ) . submission letters must include the correspondent author 's name , e-mail and street address , field of the manuscript , and offprints number to order . the journal has no page charges , but all authors are requested to buy at least 50 offprints of their papers . in some cases , it is possible , to discount or exempt from offprints charge when publishing committee approves . the offprints charge includes basic charge with 50 offprints and additional charge for more than 50 offprints . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = publishing committee = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = an internationally repected advisory editorial board has been appointed , members details are as follows : advisory board : h . hironaka , yamaguchi university , japan c . bai , chinese academy of sciences , china t . sawa , kyoto university , japan f . cao , peking university , china k . ushijima , kyushu university , japan d . qu , tsinghua university , china w . f . mccoll , university of oxford , uk editor-in - chief : l . li , yamaguchi university , japan associate editors : natural science : f . ren , hiroshima city university , japan cultural and social sciences : n . zhang , hiroshima shudo university , japan engineering and technology : j . cheng , kyushu university , japan editing and publishing : n . zhong , yamaguchi university , japan editorial board : y . yuan , chinese academy of sciences , china z . li , national sun yat - sen university , taiwan w . sun , city university of hong kong , hong kong j . wang , the institute of statistical math . , japan j . y . nie , university of montreal , canada k . t . lua , national univ . of singapore , singapore z . wang , sapporo university , japan m . jin , sapporo gakuin university , japan z . wang , miyazaki municipal university , japan h . ohnishi , kyoto university , japan g . yi , peking university , china t . torii , nagoya university , japan s . ma , ibaraki university , japan z . wu , ibaraki university , japan y . hong , chinese academy of sciences , china y . jiang , kyushu university , japan t . nakamura , tohoku university , japan j . chen , tsinghua university , china j . zeng , kyushu institute of technology , japan h . matsuno , yamaguchi university , japan n . wu , hokkaido university , japan s . liu , hiroshima city university , japan = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = subscription details = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the information journal issn : 1343-4500 4 issues per volume : jp \ 6000 ( in the japan ) jp \ 8000 ( all other countries ) volume 1 ( 1998 ) 2 issues : jp \ 3000 ( in the japan ) jp \ 4000 ( all other countries ) prices include postage / air speeded delivery the information journal will be published quarterly starting from july , 1998 . all correspondence should be sent to : information secretariat faculty of science , yamaguchi university yoshida 1677 - 1 , yamaguchi 753-8512 , japan tel : + 81-839 - 335687 , fax : + 81-839 - 335768 email : informat @ po . cc . yamaguchi-u . ac . jp http : / / www . sv . cc . yamaguchi-u . ac . jp / ~ informat / indexe . html
 "",0
 2365,""Subject: wholes and their parts
  
  wholes and their parts ( w / p ) bolzano , maretsch castle , 17-19 june 1998 1 . presentation science is connected to the complementarity of analysis and synthesis . it may be said that classical physics is characterized by an in-built analysis of the world into constituent parts ( such as atoms or elementary particles ) . these are then recomposed together to provide , by means of synthesis , any system ; interactions are linearly and locally described ; the resulting hierarchy of structures is grounded on such constituent parts . in contemporary science , the age of """" pure """" analysis seems to have ended . there are deep mathematical reasons for this . non - linear systems have properties that , in general , cannot be expressed in terms of decomposition into ultimate , unstructured , pointlike parts plus a suitable sets of relations among them . moreover , the """" dialectic """" of quantity and quality is subtler than was previously thought and this dialectic is needed in the explanation of all sorts of phenomena . it arises not only in physics , but also in the study of cognitive systems and natural and programming languages . within psychology , it is said that """" gestalten """" are cohesive wholes and that """" the whole is more than the sum of its parts """" . but what does this mean exactly ? similar questions emerge in other contexts as well . what is relevant for the foundations of science , the need for a clear understanding of the part / whole relationships , emerges even in logic and mathematics , since these provide the tools for organizing our rational image of the world , in its multi-stratified complexity . thus , we are faced with the problem of relating in a possibly coherent way the various forms of part / whole relationships arising in different branches of science . we have not only to classify the different kinds of wholes and their inherent """" grammars """" , but also to take into account the process of formation for wholes , in order to describe precisely in which sense the whole emerges out of its parts and is irreducible to an aggregate of autonomous , more or less pointlike , entities . what makes ( in part , at least ) the difference between mere aggregates and cohesive wholes ? the members of the whole do not simply hang together : they hang together in the whole , and the structure of the whole influences the description of the parts and their local interactions . in view of the growing interest in this sort of pattern , of so deep relevance for theoretical and applied sciences , it is therefore suitable to clarify the whole / part issues in crucial fields of research , to compare different approaches and to develop a foundational discussion . 2 . program june 17 9 registration 10 bill lawvere , opening lecture 11 , 30 coffee break 12 john bell , w / p in algebraic and logical structures 13-15 lunch 15 ieke moerdjik , w / p in geometry , topology and topos theory 16 coffee break 16 , 30 colin mclarty , w / p in foundations of mathematics 17 , 30 carlo cellucci , w / p in logical analysis june 18 9 steve vickers , w / p in semantics for programming languages 10 gonzalo reyes , w / p in categorical analysis of language 11 coffee break 11 , 30 john mayberry , w / p in set theory 12 , 30-15 lunch 15 niles eldredge , w / p in biology 16 coffee break 16 , 30 alberto peruzzi , w / p in epistemology and semantics 17 , 30 roberto poli , w / p in ontology june 19 9 ettore casari , w / p in phenomenology 10 alf zimmer , w / p in gestalt psychology 11 coffee break 11 , 30 ron langacker , w / p in linguistics 12 , 30-15 lunch 15 george lakoff , w / p in cognitive sciences ( to be confirmed ) 16 coffee break 16 , 30 chris isham , w / p in quantum topology 17 , 30 basil hiley , w / p in mechanics and cosmology 3 . updates to keep you updated with more information on the conference this is the url for the w / p home page : http : / / www . gelso . unitn . it / ~ poli / 4 . registration fees registration fees only cover the participation in this conference . miscellaneous expenses ( accomodation , meals and social activities ) are in addition . the registration deadline to get the early registration fare is : march 1998 , 31st . students must enclose with the registration form a photocopy of their student card . status early registration ( before 3 / 31 / 98 ) late registration student 50 , 000 100 , 000 scholar 100 , 000 200 . 000 industrial 200 , 000 300 . 000 5 . accomodation participants should book their own accomodation . a selected hotel list is the following one : parkhotel laurin * * * * . 4 , laurinstrasse single-room and breakfast : 180 , 000-265 , 000 tel . + 39 471 31 10 00 , fax + 39 471 31 11 48 citta \ 146 * * * . 21 , waltherplatz single-room and breakfast : 110 , 000 tel . + 39 471 97 52 21 ; fax : + 39 471 97 66 88 feichter * * . 15 , via weintraubengasse single-room and breakfast : 60 , 000-80 , 000 tel . + 39 471 978 768 ; fax : + 39 471 974 803 regina angelorum * * . 1 , rittnerstrasse single-room and breakfast : 65 , 000-85 , 000 tel . : + 39 471 972195 ; fax : + 39 471 97 89 44 kolpinghaus * * ( student house ) . 3 , spitalgasse single-room and breakfast : 50 , 000-65 , 000 tel . : + 39 471 97 11 70 ; fax . : + 39 471 97 39 17 ( all the above hotels are at a walkable distance from both the railway station and maretsch castle . ) for more information : city tourist office . 8 , waltherplatz tel . : + 39 471 307 000 / 001 / 002 fax . : + 39 471 98 01 26 or + 39 471 98 03 00 time table : 8 . 30-18 . 00 ; saturday 9-12 . 30 closed on sunday and holidays . 6 . methods of payment cheques : made out in italian liras , payable to istituto mitteleuropeo di cultura , vicolo gumer 7 , 39100 bolzano , italy . bank transfers : sorry but you will have to pay the banking charges ( if you do n't , your registration will be considered as incomplete ) . please enclose with this form a copy of your transfer . this copy should mention the name and adress of your bank . do not forget to write down your name on the transfer . the bank transfer must be done in italian liras on the account : bank : cassa di risparmio di bolzano account number : 873900 swift codes : abi : 06045 ; cab : 11601 references : w / p conference / your name address : istituto mitteleuropeo di cultura vicolo gumer 7 39100 bolzano , italy if these methods of payment are inconvenient , it will be possible for you to pay cash once you are in bolzano . in this case , you will have to pay the late registration fee . some exceptions to these arrangements can be made for people coming from countries which do not allow any of the long distance methods of payment above . 7 . cancellation cancellations received before april 1998 , 15th : running costs : 20 , 000 it liras cancellations received after may 1998 , 15th : running costs : 50 % of the registration fees 8 . registration form name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ institution : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to return by e-mail to : poli @ risc1 . gelso . unitn . it a copy of this registration form together with the justificatory of payment and the copy of the student card has to be sent by surface mail to : istituto mitteleuropeo di cultura , vicolo gumer 7 , 39100 bolzano , italy 9 . conference committee alberto peruzzi : peruzzi @ dada . it roberto poli : poli @ risc1 . gelso . unitn . it * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * roberto poli department of sociology and social research 26 , verdi street 38100 trento - - italy tel . + + 39-461 - 881-403 fax : + + 39-461 - 881-348 e-mail : poli @ risc1 . gelso . unitn . it axiomathes : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / axiomathes . htm imc : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / imc . htm
 "",0
 2366,""Subject: conference on research and advanced technology for digital libraries
  
  second european conference on research and advanced technology for digital libraries european european ics-forth university of union research crete consortium for informatics and mathematics 19 - 23 september , 1998 heraklion , crete , greece web page http : / / www . csi . forth . gr / 2eurodl e - mail ecdl @ cc . uch . gr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - objectives this conference is the second of a series of european conferences on research and technology for digital libraries funded by the european commission 's tmr programme . its objectives are : to bring together researchers from multiple disciplines whose science relates to the development of digital libraries ; to provide an opportunity for these scientists to form a research community in europe specific to digital library development and to enable them to discuss issues and strategies specific to the european context ; to assist young researchers in establishing relationships with senior scientists in their areas of interest ; to enable review and discussion of research under way in europe , the us , japan and other countries on digital libraries ; to stimulate researchers , especially young scientists , to explore new areas of interest in digital library development ; to establish a forum for discussion of issues specific to europe such as interoperability , multilinguality , intellectual property policy , and information commerce ; to provide an opportunity for researchers in the relevant enabling technologies and information sciences , to discuss issues related to interoperability between world wide distributed digital libraries . > from a technical point of view , the european conferences series aims to contribute to the definition of those digital library parameters which especially influence issues of access , retrieval , and interaction with information ; to identify key problems which must be solved to make digital library services an effective reality ; to identify a general structure or framework for integrating research and solutions ; and to propose and encourage specific , high priority research directions within such a framework . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - topics the conference organisers solicit papers on topics related to digital libraries , including but not limited to the following list : o digital library models , frameworks , and system requirements o metadata o system integration and architecture issues o interoperability , scalability o networked information discovery , agent technologies o information retrieval , organisation , navigation - tools and paradigms o multilinguality o role of knowledge representation systems in digital library interactions o collecting , capturing , filtering , cataloging , indexing , o preserving o intellectual property rights , terms and conditions , rights management o authoring , electronic publishing , electronic commerce and information economies o economic and social implications and issues o user interfaces o handling of graphics , gis , medical data , multimedia information , experimental data and o scientific models _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - conference programme the conference will be held in heraklion , crete , greece . tutorials will be organised on the 19th and 20th of september 1998 . the opening session will take place at 9 . 00a . m . on monday the 21th of september 1998 and the final session will take place on wednesday afternoon , the 23th of september 1998 . full details on the scientific programme of the conference will be published on our web site by the 1st of july 1998 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - important dates 15 march 1998 proposals for tutorials , panels and demos due to the programme chair 15 april 1998 notification of tutorial , panel and demo acceptance 15 may 1998 papers and proposals for posters due to the programme chair 25 june 1998 notification of paper and poster acceptance 1 july 1998 scientific programme on the web 25 july 1998 final papers due 19 , 20 september 1998 tutorials 21-23 september 1998 conference _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - panels suggestions for the organisation of panel sessions on one of the proposed topics or on related topics are welcomed . proposals should include a short cv and position paper for each panelist . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - posters during the conference a space will be reserved for poster sessions . research projects of any scale are invited to illustrate innovative concepts and prototype systems . poster proposals should include title , names of presenters and outline ( max . 500 words ) . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - tutorials tutorial days will be held before the conference , on saturday the 19th and sunday the 20th of september 1998 . proposals for tutorials are solicited . tutorials would be either half day ( 3 hours ) or full day ( 6 hours ) . each proposal should include a title , a summary ( intentions , objectives , etc . ) , duration and a short cv of the instructor ( s ) . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - demos result demonstrations of on-going projects are strongly encouraged . those interested should submit a description of the intended demo to the programme chair . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - papers papers ( max 20 pages , double spaced ) should be submitted electronically in html format , either by e-mail to the conference secretariat , ecdl @ cc . uch . gr , or to our ftp site , ftp : / / ftp . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - proceedings the proceedings will be published by springer as a volume in their lecture notes in computer science series and will be distributed at the conference . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - fellowship for young researchers a limited number of fellowships for the conference and also for tutorials are available for young researchers who are citizens of european union countries or liechtenstein , norway and iceland . the fellowship offers free registration for the participants and , in special cases where necessary and appropriately justified , may pay for or reimburse travel and lodging expenses . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - programme chair christos nikolaou , university of crete & ics-forth leoforos knossou , gr-71110 heraklion , crete , greece tel : + 30 81 393199 , fax : + 30 81 210106 e - mail : nikolau @ cc . uch . gr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - programme committee serge abiteboul inria , france robert b . allen bellcore , usa thomas baker asian institute of technology , thailand william birmingham university of michigan , usa panos constantopoulos university of crete & ics-forth , greece bruce croft university of massachusetts , usa costis dallas hellenic ministry of foreign affairs , greece edward a . fox virginia technical university , usa norbert fuhr university of dortmund , germany hector garcia - molina stanford university , usa keith jeffery ral-clrc , uk martin kersten cwi , netherlands judith klavans columbia university , usa carl lagoze cornell university , usa clifford a . lynch coalition for networked information , usa jeff mackie - mason university of michigan , usa a . desai narasimhalu national university of singapore , singapore ann okerson yale university , usa olle olsson sics , sweden andreas paepcke stanford university , usa nicholas patrikalakis mit , usa carol peters iei-cnr , italy jakka sairamesh ibm - t . j . watson research center , usa peter schauble eth zurich , switzerland hans joerg schek eth zurich , switzerland eric simon inria , france ingeborg t . solvberg university of science and technology , norway constantine stephanidis ics-forth , greece shigeo sugimoto university of library and information science , japan costantino thanos iei-cnr , italy ulrich thiel gmd-ipsi , germany stuart weibel oclc , usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - local organising committee sarantos kapidakis ics-forth , greece penelope constanta ics-forth , greece spiros lalis university of crete , greece gioylh koraoy university of crete , greece stella vourou university of crete & ics-forth , greece mixalhs tzekakhs university of crete , greece maria stavrakaki university of crete , greece rena kalaitzaki university of crete , greece maria prevelianaki ics-forth , greece liana kefalaki ics-forth , greece dimitris papadakis university of crete , greece manolis marazakis university of crete , greece anastasia anastasiadi ics-forth , greece stavros papadakis university of crete , greece _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - contact info for more information regarding this conference contact the conference secretariat , rena kalaitzaki and maria stavrakaki university of crete , computer science department , tel : + 30 81 393504 fax : + 30 81 393501 e - mail : ecdl @ cc . uch . gr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you can subscribe to the announcement list of the """" second european conference on research and advanced technology for digital libraries """" by sending electronic mail to ' majordomo @ csi . forth . gr ' with body 's ubscribe ecdl2 - announce < your email address > '
 "",0
 2367,""Subject: bilingualism
  
  2nd international symposium on bilingualism 15-17 april , 1999 ( provisional dates ) university of newcastle upon tyne , uk 1st announcement submissions are invited for oral or poster presentations , on all aspects of bilingualism . papers which are based on empirical research and which seek to forge new links between established fields ( e . g . linguistics , psychology , speech & language pathology , sociology , and education ) or to develop new sub-fields are particularly welcome . all submissions will be peer-reviewed , anonymously , and selected on the grounds of originality , clarity , and significance of findings and conclusions . special features of the symposium include panel sessions on : i ) cross-linguistics studies of language acquisition and disorder ; ii ) bilingual social interaction ; iii ) trilinguals ; iv ) grammar and code-switching ; v ) childhood bilingualism ; vi ) acquired communication disorders in bilinguals ; and vii ) bilingualism and the deaf community , and a round - table on \ 145issues of identification and intervention in multilingual / multicultural speech therapy clinics \ 146 . important dates : 31 january , 1998 : 2nd announcement 1 september , 1998 : deadline for submission of abstract 31 october , 1998 : notice of acceptance 1 january , 1999 : closing date for registration for further details , please contact : mrs gillian cavagan , isb organising committee , department of speech , university of newcastle upon tyne , ne1 7ru , uk , e - mail : gillian . cavagan @ ncl . ac . uk ; fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 191 222 6518 ; or consult : http : / / www . ncl . ac . uk / ~ nspeech zhu hua editorial assistant international journal of bilingulism
 "",0
 2368,""Subject: symposium meaning , metaphor & religion
  
  symposium announcement meaning , metaphor & religion : cognitive semantics and the bible the importance of a cognitive theory of meaning for the study of religious language university of leuven , 6 - 8 july 1998 aim of the meeting this symposium aims at determining how a cognitively inspired theory of meaning ( taken in the broad sense ) provides the study of religious language with new valuable insights . specifically , it will be investigated to what extent established and ongoing research into the semantics of bible texts is supported and / or questioned by the cognitive semantic paradigm . although this meeting is primarily conceived from a linguistic point of view , it is not meant for linguists alone . instead , it explicitly aims to bring together semantic expertise from both linguistics and theology in order to explore some of the possibilities and limitations of a combined study of religious language . where ? the symposium takes place in leuven ( b ) at the historical begijnhof site ( chievre house & faculty club ) program - ralph bisschops ( brussel / duisburg ) : """" metaphors disclosing new religious experiences : lover , bride and adulteress in hosea and ezekiel """" - lieven boeve ( leuven ) : """" linguistica ancilla theologiae : the interest of fundamental theology in cognitive linguistics """" - kristin de troyer ( breda / leuven ) : """" ' and god was created . . . ' on translating hebrew concepts into greek . """" - rene dirven ( duisburg ) : """" a metonymic view of the world and religion , contrasted to a metaphorical one """" - brian doyle ( leuven ) : """" how do isotopes meet ? a rare word - play metaphor in isa . 25 : 6 - 8 . """" - james francis ( sunderland ) : """" ' i am lowly as a child ' - child metaphor in the ancient world """" - katrin hauspie ( leuven ) : """" a cognitive approach to the septuagint ? placing the septuagint in its original context in alexandria """" - joel hoffman ( new york ) : """" identifying , understanding and translating the metaphors of a dead language : how to move beyond the denotation of the words to the connotation of the words . """" - olaf jaekel ( hamburg ) : """" the cognitive theory of metaphor : an explanation on the basis of biblical language """" - kjell magne yri ( oslo ) : """" recreating religion - semantic theories and the problem of theologically central terms in ( """" exotic """" ) bible translation . """" - ken mcelhanon ( arlington ) : """" explorations in prototype theology """" - nelly stienstra ( utrecht ) : """" conceptual vs . individual metaphors in the old testament : a matter of interpretation """" - david tuggy ( tucson ) : """" literal vs . idiomatic translation in cognitive linguistics """" - pierre van hecke ( leuven ) : """" the metaphorical use ( s ) of the hebrew verb ra ' ah . a cognitive approach to the shepherd - metaphor """" registration if you wish to register , please complete ( a hardcopy of ) this form and send it back ( hard copy ) with ( evidence of ) payment to the following address : kurt feyaerts dept . of linguistics katholieke universiteit leuven blijde - inkomststraat 21 , b-3000 leuven name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address for correspondence : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i would like to register for ( please circle a or b ) : a . the whole conference package ( conference fee + all lunches ) : 2900 , - bef ( see below ) b . the conference fee + the lunch options as indicated below ( please put a tick on the line next to your chosen options ) conference fee ( obligatory ) 500 , - bef [ staff members of the belgian unversities and students are exempt from paying the conference fee . ] options : lunch ( 6th july ) 800 , - bef _ _ _ _ lunch ( 7th july ) 800 , - bef _ _ _ _ lunch ( 8th july ) 800 , - bef _ _ _ _ total : _ _ _ _ payments must be made before the end of may 1998 methods of payment ( return a hard copy of this form ) : 1 . o visa o eurocard / mastercard complete and sign the following instruction : card number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name of cardholder : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address of cardholder : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """" please debit _ _ _ _ _ _ bef of my visa / / eurocard / mastercard """" signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 . international eurocheque ( please fill out all sums in bef and make payable to """" kuleuven - congres theosemantiek """" ) 3 . direct bank transfer to """" ku leuven - congres theosemantiek """" , blijde - inkomststraat 21 , 3000 leuven , belgium - bank ( name & address ) : kredietbank , ladeuzeplein 27 , 3000 leuven - account number : 431-0375511 - 91 - bank code ( swift ) : kred . bebb 100 ( please enclose a bank receipt ) please make sure your payment reaches us in due time . your registration will be confirmed by , and made effective with your payment only . accomodation please note that accomodation cannot be arranged by the organizers . information about hotels in leuven ( prices , phone numbers , addresses , map of leuven , . . . ) will be sent immediately after registration ( or on demand before registration ) . information can also be obtained directly from the tourist office in leuven : phone : + 32 . 16 . 211539 ; fax : + 32 . 16 . 211549 . the average price for a single room ( with breakfast ) in leuven is 2300 bef ( with 950 and 4900 bef as extremes ) and 3000 bef for a double room ( with 1700 and 5400 bef as extremes ) . organization / correspondence kurt feyaerts & dirk geeraerts katholieke universiteit leuven department of linguistics blijde - inkomststraat 21 b-3000 leuven phone : + 32 . 16 . 32 48 05 fax : + 32 . 16 . 32 47 67 email : kurt . feyaerts @ arts . kuleuven . ac . be dirk . geeraerts @ arts . kuleuven . ac . be
 "",0
 2369,""Subject: console 7 : cfp
  
  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - console 7 - call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the seventh meeting of the student organisation of linguistics in europe ( console ) will be held at the university of bergen , norway , from 9 to 11 december 1998 . sole aims at providing students of generative linguistics with a possibility of gaining international experience and a publication forum of their own . furthermore , sole strives to enhance contacts and cooperation between students of generative linguistics in europe and around the world . papers are solicited from students in the field of generative linguistics , more specifically in , but not limited to , phonology , morphology , semantics , sign language , language acquisition and syntax . submissions may be sent either by regular mail or e-mail . if regular mail is used , please send five copies , of which four should be anonymous and one should contain your name , affiliation , address and e-mail address . abstracts should be set in at least 10 point and must not exceed two pages , including references , diagrams , and examples . please send abstracts to : console 7 department of linguistics and comparative literature section for linguistic studies sydnesplass 7 n-5007 bergen norway e - mail submissions must be text only ( ascii format ) . abstracts submitted in this way should not exceed 1300 words , including references , diagrams , and examples , and they may be sent to : abstracts @ babel . ling . uib . no the deadline for submission is 1 august , 1998 ( regardless of mode of submission ) . abstracts received after 1 august will not be considered . submissions by fax will not be accepted . questions regarding submissions and the conference in general can be addressed to the local organisers at the following e-mail address or fax number : e - mail : console7 @ babel . ling . uib . no fax : + 47-55 58 93 54 or to the sole board at the following e-mail address : sole @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl information regarding the conference can be found at the following website : http : / / www . ling . uib . no / console - 7 local organisers : sole board : oystein alexander vangsnes michael redford dagmar bendt tina cambier - langeveld inger marie berntzen aniko liptak torodd kinn martha thunes
 "",0
 2370,""Subject: ecdl98 - final call for papers
  
  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ call for papers second european conference on research and advanced technology for digital libraries european european ics-forth university of union research crete consortium for informatics and mathematics 19 - 23 september , 1998 heraklion , crete , greece http : / / www . csi . forth . gr / 2eurodl ecdl @ cc . uch . gr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ be sure to check the following categories : papers , posters , accepted tutorials , panels and demos , invited speakers , special sessions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - objectives this conference is the second of a series of european conferences on research and technology for digital libraries funded by the european commission 's tmr programme . its objectives are : to bring together researchers from multiple disciplines whose science relates to the development of digital libraries ; to provide an opportunity for these scientists to form a research community in europe specific to digital library development and to enable them to discuss issues and strategies specific to the european context ; to assist young researchers in establishing relationships with senior scientists in their areas of interest ; to enable review and discussion of research under way in europe , the us , japan and other countries on digital libraries ; to stimulate researchers , especially young scientists , to explore new areas of interest in digital library development ; to establish a forum for discussion of issues specific to europe such as interoperability , multilinguality , intellectual property policy , and information commerce ; to provide an opportunity for researchers in the relevant enabling technologies and information sciences , to discuss issues related to interoperability between world wide distributed digital libraries . > from a technical point of view , the european conferences series aims to contribute to the definition of those digital library parameters which especially influence issues of access , retrieval , and interaction with information ; to identify key problems which must be solved to make digital library services an effective reality ; to identify a general structure or framework for integrating research and solutions ; and to propose and encourage specific , high priority research directions within such a framework . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - topics the conference organisers solicit papers on topics related to digital libraries , including but not limited to the following list : o digital library models , frameworks , and system requirements o metadata o system integration and architecture issues o interoperability , scalability o networked information discovery , agent technologies o information retrieval , organisation , navigation - tools and paradigms o multilinguality o role of knowledge representation systems in digital library interactions o collecting , capturing , filtering , cataloging , indexing , o preserving o intellectual property rights , terms and conditions , rights management o authoring , electronic publishing , electronic commerce and information economies o economic and social implications and issues o user interfaces o handling of graphics , gis , medical data , multimedia information , experimental data and o scientific models _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conference programme the conference will be held in heraklion , crete , greece . tutorials will be organised on the 19th and 20th of september 1998 ( for a list of accepted tutorials please consult the relevant section below ) . the opening session will take place at 9 . 00a . m . on monday the 21th of september 1998 and the final session will take place on wednesday afternoon , the 23th of september 1998 . full details on the scientific programme of the conference will be published on our web site by the 1st of july 1998 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - important dates 15 may 1998 papers and proposals for posters deadline 25 june 1998 notification of paper and poster acceptance 1 july 1998 scientific programme on the web 25 july 1998 final papers due 19 , 20 september 1998 tutorials 21-23 september 1998 conference _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - posters during the conference a space will be reserved for poster sessions . research projects of any scale are invited to illustrate innovative concepts and prototype systems . poster proposals should include title , names of presenters and outline ( max . 500 words ) . electronic submissions are obligatory ; proposals should be submitted by e-mail to the conference secretariat , ecdl @ cc . uch . gr . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - papers - submission details papers ( max 20 pages , double spaced ) should be submitted electronically in html format , either by e-mail to the conference secretariat , ecdl @ cc . uch . gr , or to our ftp site , ftp : / / ftp . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl . in either case please follow the guidelines below : 1 . in your submission there should be exaclty one html file containing the paper text , suitable for review printing 2 . each figure ( or other material except text ) should be in a separate file 3 . all files consisting your paper should be gathered in a single file ( zip or tar format ) 4 . submit your paper ( please note that electronic submissions are obligatory ) either by e-mail or ftp 5 . send a separate e-mail message to ecdl @ cc . uch . gr containing the title , abstract , keywords for the paper and the relevant contact information . - the deadline for paper submissions is may 15 , 1998 . - important information - best papers will be proposed for publication in a special issue of the ijodl the best papers of the conference will be proposed for publication ( after a new revision and refereeing process ) in a special issue of the international journal on digital libraries ( http : / / link . springer . de / link / service / journals / 00799 / index . htm ) - accepted papers will be published by springer all accepted papers for the conference will be published by springer . upon selection of your paper you are also obliged to provide us another copy of your paper , in latex2e or ms word format , following the guidelines provided by springer . the final date for the preparation of the accepted papers will be july 15 , 1998 . detailed information on preparing accepted papers for publishing can be found at the springer - verlag web site , http : / / www . springer . de . please be sure to read the """" information for authors """" ( http : / / www . springer . de / comp / lncs / authors . html ) , as well as the new version of the """" authors 's instructions """" ( you may retrieve this file in pdf format from http : / / www . springer . de / comp / lncs / instruct / typeinst . pdf or in postscript format from http : / / www . springer . de / comp / lncs / instruct / typeinst . ps ; you may also retrieve all related files from our web site ; information will be available from our web pages shortly ) . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - panels , tutorials and demos detailed information regarding tutorials , demos and panels can be found at the conference web page http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights . html . in brief , accepted tutorials for the conference are the following ( http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / tutorials . html ) : 1 . standards for interfacing with a digital library by larry masinter 2 . thesauri for knowledge-based assistance in searching digital libraries by dagobert soergel 3 . visual information system by babu m . mehtre 4 . multimedia information retrieval , categorisation , and filtering by pasquale savino and fabrizio sebastiani 5 . designing content for the web of tomorrow , world wide web consortium sponsored tutorial by bert bos 6 . metadata on the web : the resource description framework ( rdf ) , world wide web consortium sponsored tutorial by janne saarela 7 . metadata for networked resources by renato iannella , carl lagoze and stuart weibel a tutorial registration form will be available shortly from our web pages . accepted panels for the conference ( http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / panels . html ) : 1 . interaction design in digital libraries panelists : constantine stephanidis , david benyon , mark maybury , daniel dardailler , dan diaper 2 . digital video libraries : providing access to the moving image panelists : richard paterson , rachel hughes , robin wright , bruce tonkin 3 . digital library technologies in health care panel coordinator : prof . stelios orphanoudakis 4 . architectures and services for cultural heritage information panel coordinator : panos constantopoulos 5 . metadata and content-based approaches to resource discovery panel organizers : thomas baker and judith klavans accepted demos for the conference ( http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / demos . html ) : 1 . liberation by robert stubenrauch 2 . aquarelle by vassilis christophides 3 . aontas : the cabernet technical report and abstracts service by frank siqueira 4 . the low - cost digital library by philip konomos 5 . multilingual informedia : a demonstration of speech recognition and information retrieval across multiple languages by howard wactlar 6 . arhon : a multimedia database design for image documents by kostas chandrinos 7 . nara institute of science and technology ( naist ) digital library system by hideki sunahara 8 . the document management system saros / mezzanine by norbert lossau 9 . unicode - based digital library interface by sarantos kapidakis 10 . ercim technical reference digital library by stefania biagioni 11 . cibit : biblioteca telematica italiana . a digital library for the italian cultural heritage by eugenio picchi 12 . intex : searching information in full text by maurice gross 13 . calliope : an experiment in digital libraries by catherine alauzun _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - invited speakers http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights . html # speakers * dr . donald f . ferguson senior manager ibm t . j watson reseach center , ibm academy , usa software systems and middleware for information economies and digital libraries * dr . james j . o'donnell professor of classical studies , vice provost for computing university of pennsylvania , usa the digital library in the university : how we use it * dr . amy friedlander cnri , editor of the d - lib magazine dr . william y . arms cnri , publisher of the d - lib magazine publishing at the speed of web - light ; experiences from d - lib magazine * mark t . maybury advanced information systems center , the mitre corporation intelligent multimedia information access _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - special sessions http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights . html # sessions a special session on """" digital library technologies for libraries """" will be held during the conference . detailed information can be found at the conference web site . session organiser : ann okerson speakers : diann rusch - feja , john price - wilkin , chris rusbridge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - proceedings the proceedings will be published by springer as a volume in their lecture notes in computer science series and will be distributed at the conference . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - fellowship for young researchers a limited number of fellowships for the conference and also for tutorials are available for young researchers who are citizens of european union countries or liechtenstein , norway and iceland . the fellowship offers free registration for the participants and , in special cases where necessary and appropriately justified , may pay for or reimburse travel and lodging expenses . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - programme chair christos nikolaou , university of crete & ics-forth leoforos knossou , gr-71110 heraklion , crete , greece tel : + 30 81 393199 , fax : + 30 81 210106 e - mail : nikolau @ cc . uch . gr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - programme committee serge abiteboul inria , france robert b . allen bellcore , usa thomas baker asian institute of technology , thailand william birmingham university of michigan , usa panos constantopoulos university of crete & ics-forth , greece bruce croft university of massachusetts , usa costis dallas hellenic ministry of foreign affairs , greece edward a . fox virginia technical university , usa norbert fuhr university of dortmund , germany hector garcia - molina stanford university , usa keith jeffery ral-clrc , uk martin kersten cwi , netherlands judith klavans columbia university , usa carl lagoze cornell university , usa clifford a . lynch coalition for networked information , usa jeff mackie - mason university of michigan , usa a . desai narasimhalu national university of singapore , singapore ann okerson yale university , usa olle olsson sics , sweden andreas paepcke stanford university , usa nicholas patrikalakis mit , usa carol peters iei-cnr , italy jakka sairamesh ibm - t . j . watson research center , usa peter schauble eth zurich , switzerland hans joerg schek eth zurich , switzerland eric simon inria , france ingeborg t . solvberg university of science and technology , norway constantine stephanidis ics-forth , greece shigeo sugimoto university of library and information science , japan costantino thanos iei-cnr , italy ulrich thiel gmd-ipsi , germany stuart weibel oclc , usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - local organising committee sarantos kapidakis ics-forth , greece penelope constanta ics-forth , greece spyros lalis university of crete , greece gioylh koraoy university of crete , greece stella vourou university of crete & ics-forth , greece mixalhs tzekakhs university of crete , greece maria stavrakaki university of crete , greece rena kalaitzaki university of crete , greece maria prevelianaki ics-forth , greece liana kefalaki ics-forth , greece dimitris papadakis university of crete , greece manolis marazakis university of crete , greece anastasia anastasiadi ics-forth , greece stavros papadakis university of crete , greece _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - contact info for more information regarding this conference contact the conference secretariat , rena kalaitzaki and maria stavrakaki university of crete , computer science department , tel : + 30 81 393504 fax : + 30 81 393501 e - mail : ecdl @ cc . uch . gr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you can subscribe to the announcement list of the """" second european conference on research and advanced technology for digital libraries """" by sending electronic mail to ' majordomo @ csi . forth . gr ' with body 's ubscribe ecdl2 - announce < your email address > '
 "",0
 2371,""Subject: corpus - based and statistical nlp
  
  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - absolutely last call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - sixth workshop on very large corpora note that the deadline for submissions has been extended by 1 week because acl / coling is late in sending out notification and we wish to encourage submissions from the affected group . the new deadline of april 27 is absolutely firm . when : august 15-16 , 1998 ( immediately following acl / coling-98 ) where : university of montreal , montreal , quebec , canada workshop description : as in past years , the workshop will offer a general forum for new research in corpus-based and statistical natural language processing . areas of interest include ( but are not limited to ) : - robust parsing , phrase structure analysis - part of speech tagging - term and name identification - word sense disambiguation - morphological analysis - anaphora resolution - event categorization - discourse structure identification - alignment of parallel texts and bilingual terminology - language modelling - lexicography - machine translation - spelling and grammar correction program chair : eugene charniak brown university program committee : steven abney lillian lee eric brill christopher manning ted briscoe dan melamed rebecca bruce scott miller claire cardie raymond mooney bob carpenter james pustejovksy glen carroll lance ramshaw ken church adwait rathnaparkhi michael collins ellen riloff joshua goodman hinrich schutze vasilis hatzivassiloglou ralph weischedel mark johnson janyce wiebe andrew kehler dekai wu john lafferty david yarowsky sponsor : sigdat ( acl 's special interest group for linguistic data and corpus-based approaches to nlp ) web sites : for coling-acl ' 98 - http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / format for submission : only hard-copy submissions will be accepted . authors should submit six ( 6 ) copies of their full-length paper ( 3500-8000 words ) to eugene charniak at the johns hopkins university address below . papers should describe original work . a paper accepted for presentation cannot be presented or have been presented at any other meeting . papers submitted to other conferences will be considered , as long as this fact is clearly indicated in the submission . schedule : submission deadline : april 27 , 1998 notification date : june 1 , 1998 camera ready copy due : june 22 , 1998 contact : eugene charniak e-mail ec @ cs . brown . edu address : before february 1 , 1998 and after june 1 , 1998 department of computer science brown university providence ri 02912-1910 address : from february 1 , 1998 until june 1 , 1998 department of computer science johns hopkins university neb 224 , 3400 n . charles street baltimore , md 21218-2694
 "",0
 2372,""Subject: lrec workshop , pre-final programme
  
  pre-final programme and call for participation towards a european evaluation infrastructure for nl and speech . a workshop jointly organised by the european network of excellence in language and speech elsnet and the ec language engineering-4 project else to be held on wednesday may 27 , 9 : 00-13 : 00 at the first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain right now , a generic framework for semi-automatic quantitative black-box evaluation of speech and nlp systems does not exist in europe . when confronted to a choice , developers and users prefer to ask the opinion of local experts as any other way of processing is either unrealistic or too costly . the le - 4 project else aims at providing developers with a generic strategy and definition of the primary building blocks needed to implement a semi-automatic quantitative black-box evaluation scheme . prominent speakers from field the have been invited to present papers addressing motivation , advantages , but also problems in connection with the implementation of such an evaluation scheme at an international scale . programme : 09 : 00-09 : 10 opening ( steven krauwer / joseph mariani ) 09 : 10-09 : 30 """" the darpa experience """" ( charles wayne ) 09 : 30-09 : 40 """" ethnology and sociology of evaluation """" ( lynette hirschman ) 09 : 40-09 : 50 """" the aupelf experience """" ( joseph mariani ) 09 : 50-10 : 00 """" experience in grace tagging evaluation """" ( patrick paroubek ) 10 : 00-10 : 10 """" experiences in bilingual text alignment evaluation and word sense disambiguation """" ( jean veronis ) 10 : 10-10 : 20 """" best practice and evaluation """" ( ole bernsen / laila dybkjaer ) 10 : 20-10 : 40 break 10 : 40-10 : 50 """" confidence measures and evaluation """" ( lin chase ) 10 : 50-11 : 00 """" evaluation within eagles """" ( maghi king ) 11 : 00-11 : 10 """" technology vs user - evaluation """" ( marc blasband ) 11 : 10-11 : 20 """" evaluation for better products """" ( christian dugast ) 11 : 20-11 : 30 """" resources for evaluation """" ( mark liberman ) 11 : 30-11 : 40 """" organising parser evaluation """" ( richard sutcliffe ) 11 : 40-11 : 50 """" specification and infrastructure for text summarization evaluation """" ( beth sundheim ) 11 : 50-12 : 00 break 12 : 00-12 : 10 """" else """" ( patrick paroubek ) 12 : 10-13 : 00 panel session ( chair : rob gaizauskas ) 13 : 00 closing the selected topics include the multilingual nature of evaluation , lessons from the past ( in europe and the us ) , and the need for language resources . at the workshop the first intermediate results of the else project will be presented and discussed . this call serves to invite interested parties to active participation in the workshop . during the workshop , ample opportunity will be provided for the participants to react to the presentation of the else project , and to the talks by the invited speakers . furthermore participants will be given the opportunity to give brief position statements . the workshop is very timely as it takes place when the ec 's 5th framework programme is taking shape . it is clear that the availability of a european evaluation infrastucture can be an important factor in european r&d activities , and that it can only be successful if it is organized and implemented on a european scale . programme committee the workshop is coorganized by elsnet and else . the programme committee are the participants in the else le - 4 project : niels ole bernsen jean - pierre chanod khalid choukri robert gaizauskas steven krauwer isabelle de lamberterie joseph mariani klaus netter patrick paroubek martin rajman antonio zampolli contact steven krauwer trans 10 , 3512 jk utrecht , the netherlands phone : + 31 30 253 6050 fax : + 31 30 253 6000 email : steven . krauwer @ let . ruu . nl registration information for lrec and pre and post conference workshops conference the registration fees will be 25 . 000 pesetas ( about 150 ecu ) per participant , with reduced fees of 20 . 000 pesetas ( about 120 ecu ) for early registration by march 9 , 1998 , and 12 . 000 pesetas ( about 70 ecu ) for students . the fees cover the following services : a copy of the proceedings , a social dinner , coffee breaks and refreshments . for accompanying persons , the social dinner will be 6 . 000 pesetas ( about 35 ecu ) . pre conference workshops pre conference workshops are 5 , 000 pesetas each for those attending lrec and 10 , 000 pesetas each for those not attending lrec , and include a copy of the proceedings of the workshop and a coffee break . post conference workshop the 2 - day post conference workshop is 10 , 000 pesetas for those attending lrec and 20 , 000 pesetas for those not attending lrec , and includes a copy of the proceedings of the workshop and coffee breaks . registration willbe made only for those persons who have been invited to participate by the organizers . advance registration payment can be made using the registration forms below . registration can be made on-site and must be paid in cash , using pesetas . registration forms first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 28-30 may 1998 e-mail or fax to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain , tel + 34 58 24 41 00 , fax + 34 58 24 41 04 , reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es last name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postal / zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ web : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration payment form registration fees full participant * after march 9 , 1998 25 . 000 pesetas ( about 150 ecu ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ student * 12 . 000 pesetas ( about 70 ecu ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * registration fees include one copy of the proceedings , a social dinner , coffee breaks and refreshments . social dinner for accompanying persons 6 . 000 pesetas ( about 35 ecu ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pre conference workshops , may 26 - 27 , 1998 5 , 000 pesetas each for those attending lrec 10 , 000 pesetas each for those not attending lrec please indicate the workshops you plan to attend ( x ) _ _ _ _ _ """" linguistic coreference """" may 26 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ """" adapting lexical and corpus resources to sublanguages and applications """" may 26 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ """" the evaluation of parsing systems """" may 26 , afternoon session _ _ _ _ _ """" minimizing the effort for language resource acquisition """" may 26 , afternoon session _ _ _ _ _ """" towards an open european evaluation infrastructure for nl and speech """" may 27 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ """" language resources for european minority languages """" may 27 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ """" speech database development for central and eastern europeanlanguages """" may 27 , afternoon session _ _ _ _ _ """" distributing and accessing linguistic resources """" may 27 , afternoon session total number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ x 5 , 000 ( if attending lrec ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ x 10 , 000 ( if not attending lrec ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ post conference workshop , may 31 - june 1 * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """" translingual information management : current levels and future abilities """" * register only if you have been asked to participate and have confirmed with the organizers 10 , 000 ( if attending lrec ) 20 , 000 ( if not attending lrec ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ grand total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ method of payment you may pay by credit card ( visa , mastercard or eurocard only ; we cannot accept american express , diners club , etc . ) . you may also pay by banker 's cheque , bank transfer or by eurocheque . all payments must be in spanish pesetas . if payment is by banker 's cheque , bank transfer or by eurocheque , please send it by regular mail . if payment is by credit card , it may be faxed . please do not e-mail credit card numbers , as we cannot guarantee the security of our e-mail system , and because we require signatures . please indicate ( x ) one of the following four payment options : a ) _ _ _ _ i enclose a banker 's cheque in spanish pesetas payable to """" first international conference on language resources and evaluation """" . b ) _ _ _ _ i have transferred the full fees by bank transfer to your account at : banco central hispano , c / recogidas , 13 , 18002 granada . account name : first international conference on language resources and evaluation . account number : 0049 - 0372 - 18 - 2210856078 . i have told my bank to charge me / us with all bank charges so that """" first international conference on language resources and evaluation """" will receive the full fees . i enclose a copy of the bank transferpapers with the person ( s ) name written on the transfer . c ) _ _ _ _ please debit my visa / mastercard / eurocard account : amount : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card no : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ valid from : _ _ _ / _ _ _ to _ _ _ / _ _ _ ( as printed on your card ) cardholder 's name and address : last name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postal / zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ web : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature as on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ credit card charges will be processed in spanish pesetas . d ) _ _ _ _ i enclose eurocheque ( s ) for the full fees . i have written my eurocheque number on the back of each eurocheque . mail or fax to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es + 34 58 24 41 04 fax visit our website for further information http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra . html conference addresses the conference chair is antonio zampolli ( istituto di linguistica computazionale del cnr and president of elra ) . antonio zampolli - lrec istituto di linguistica computazionale del cnr via della faggiola , 32 56126 pisa , italy + 39 50 560 481 tel . + 39 50 555 013 fax pisa @ ilc . pi . cnr . it the secretariat of the conference , who will provide general information on the conference , is : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain + 34 58 24 41 00 tel . + 34 58 24 41 04 fax reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es conference program committee harald hoege , siemens , munich , germany bente maegaard , cst , copenhagen , denmark joseph mariani , limsi-cnrs , orsay , france angel martin municio , president of the real academia de ciencias , madrid , spain antonio zampolli , istituto di linguistica computazionale , pisa , italy exhibition an exhibition will be organised by elra . this exhibition is open to companies and projects wishing to promote , present and demonstrate their language resources products and prototypes to the wide range of experts and representatives from all over the world participating in the conference . for more information on this , please contact the elda office on elra-elda @ calva . net . elra for more information about elra ( the european language resources association ) , please contact : khalid choukri , elra ceo 55-57 , rue brillat savarin f - 75013 paris , france tel . + 33 1 43 13 33 33 fax . + 33 1 43 13 33 39 e - mail : elra @ calva . net web : http : / / www . icp . grenet . fr / elra / home . html
 "",0
 2373,""Subject: hokan - penutian conference
  
  the 1998 hokan - penutian conference at the university of oregon , june 26-28 , 1998 . papers are invited on all aspects of languages customarily referred to under the rubrics of """" hokan """" or """" penutian """" , or other orphan languages of california and oregon . please send titles / abstracts by june 1 to : scott delancey dept . of linguistics university of oregon eugene , or 97403 or by e-mail : delancey @ darkwing . uoregon . edu
 "",0
 2374,""Subject: franklin clipper ( esl / efl , etc . )
  
  = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = call for papers for the franklin clipper . the benjamin franklin institute of global education is dedicated to lifelong learning opportunities , whether thro traditional school divisions ( k-12 , college and university ) , or thro on-the - job training , whether for personal enrichment , career advancement or whichever other reasons seem reasonable to the individual learner . to that end , it announces its second annual """" virtual voyage , """" around the world on the franklin clipper , to set sail on columbus day weekend ( oct 11-12 , 1998 ) , in celebration of the independent learner and learning opportunities . our theme this year is : a return voyage to the world of distance education : its challenges and opportunities . this is the official call for papers for that internet-based conference , which plans to have a web-presence , chatrooms , and live participation from around the globe , making its way from the pacific rim to europe , across the atlantic to the usa , and ending its voyage where it began , 24 hours later . your participation is invited , as indicated below , in the form of papers discussing training and educational theory and practice , especially utilizing the internet and related technologies , to be submitted to the appropriate chairs below , by may 30 , 1998 . these papers should be approximately 2000-2500 words in length , and may be submitted in paper or electronic form , following discussion with the appropriate chair . the following """" masts """" or conference strands on the franklin clipper have been identified for your consideration and submission of papers : esl / efl : to teach or not to teach ? given the variety of cultural responses internationally to english as a second language , this """" mast """" will discuss not only how , but whether , to teach english in its various manifestations as a second language , as a vocational skill or a lingua franca for the 21st century . any level of educational experience and involvement may be appropriate for discussion . papers may be submitted to : duane p . flowers , purple dolphin language academy , 3-23 - 1-817 mitsuishidai , hashimoto - city , wakayama 648-0094 , japan . email submission to : < dpf @ wcsnet . or . jp > . access : primarily addressing issues of physical disability and adaptive technology for access to the internet , for example its use by deaf , blind or wheel-chair students and teachers , this mast may also concern itself with those issues of literacy and poverty that will also engage the attention of other """" masts """" on this ship . papers may be sent to : norman coombs < nrcgsh @ rit . edu > the appropriate technology : given differential technology between different sites , for example between students ' homes and institutional capabilities , this """" mast """" will discuss and display various possibilities of instructional capabilities in distance education and in residential campus enrichment of classes by current and predicted technology . papers may be sent to : roger boston , houston area community college system , 4310 dunlavy st . , room 116 , houston tx 77006 ( usa ) phone : 713 / 718-5224 ; fax : 713 / 718-5301 ; email : < boston _ r @ hccs . cc . tx . us > k-12 and k-99 : this mast will consider significant issues relevant to learning / training as a much needed lifelong activity . specific emphasis will be given to k-12 ( pre-college ) , adult , and senior-aged learning / training issues , including increasingly busy high school student schedules , business / industry needs for frequent retraining , and life-style enrichment . use of the www and other technology to enrich and successfully deliver frequently updated learning / training conveniently , according to the needs of the learners , will be considered . papers may be sent to : dr cliff layton < layton @ rogersu . edu > globalization : as a culture-changing phenomenon and an economic force , the multi-national economics of business has defenders as well as critics , from a free-market and an ecological point of view . this """" mast """" hopes to engage them in positive dialogue with one another . papers may be sent to : john mclaughlin , phd , dept of english , east stroudsburg university , e . stroudsburg , pa , 18301 ; email : < johnmc @ esu . edu > """" running thro the rigging , """" as we say in nautical language , will be skipper john hibbs ' """" conferencing and virtual exhibitions """" series of discussions , meant to engage the corporate interests who are fully aware of the educational and training implications of multi-site synchronous and asynchronous hosting in cyberspace , thro listservs , chatrooms , websites and other forms of electronic presentation . crossing with our masts , these discussions will involve all of the above thematic contents , as they matter to business and industry on the verge of the 21st century . correspondence may be addressed to : john hibbs < hibbs @ bfranklin . edu > john mclaughlin , phd chair , program committee gld-ii , aka the franklin clipper benjamin franklin institute of global education 241 jutland avenue , suite 2000 san diego , california 92117 ( usa ) website : http : / / www . bfranklin . edu email : hibbs @ bfranklin . edu = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = gld2 is provided world-wide by rogers university to all interested in distance learning . postings to gld2 express thoughts of the gld2 subscribers , and have not been endorsed by rogers university . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
 "",0
 2375,""Subject: 3rd emnlp cfp
  
  call for participation - emnlp3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for participation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - third conference on empirical methods in natural language processing ( emnlp - 3 ) sponsored by acl sigdat tuesday , june 2 , 1998 granada , spain following the first international language resources and evaluation conference ( lrec ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - conference program 9 : 00-11 : 00 session 1 dynamic coreference - based summarization breck baldwin and thomas s . morton multilingual robust anaphora resolution ruslan mitkov and lamia belguith aligning clauses in parallel texts sotiris boutsis and stelios piperidis automatic insertion of accents in french text michel simard 11 : 00-11 : 30 coffee break 11 : 30 - 1 : 00 session 2 valence induction with a head - lexicalized pcfg glenn carroll and mats rooth metrics for corpus similarity and homogeneity adam kilgarriff and tony rose word - sense distinguishability and inter - coder agreement rebecca bruce and janyce wiebe 1 : 00 - 2 : 45 lunch 2 : 45 - 3 : 30 invited speaker statistical translation : where it went kevin knight , usc information sciences institute 3 : 30 - 4 : 30 session 3 category levels in hierarchical text categorization stephen d ' alessio , keitha murray , robert schiaffino , and aaron kershenbaum an empirical approach to text categorization based on term weight learning fumiyo fukumoto and yoshimi suzuki 4 : 30 - 5 : 00 coffee break 5 : 00 - 6 : 30 session 4 an empirical evaluation on statistical parsing of japanese sentences using lexical association statistics shirai kiyoaki , inui kentaro , tokunaga takenobu and tanaka hozumi japanese dependency structure analysis based on lexicalized statistics fujio masakazu and matsumoto yuji a natural criterion for maximum entropy / minimum divergence feature selection adam berger and harry printz - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration information registration forms are also available at http : / / www . cs . vassar . edu / ~ ide / emnlp3 . html registration fees : registration before may 13 : 8 , 500 pesetas ( $ 55 usd ) on - site registration : 11 , 000 pesetas ( $ 70 usd ) registration fees include one copy of the proceedings , coffee breaks and refreshments . methods of payment : * check in us dollars made payable to """" acl """" on a us bank ( address below ) * cash ( for on-site registrations only ) . * visa / mastercard - in us dollars . credit card payments using the form below may be faxed , sent by regular mail or emailed . note , however , that we cannot guarantee the security of credit card numbers in transit via email . payments may be sent to : email : emnlp3 @ cs . jhu . edu fax : + 1 410-516 - 6134 regular mail : emnlp3 c / o david yarowsky - sigdat department of computer science johns hopkins university 3400 n . charles street baltimore , md 21218-2694 usa - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration form last name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postal / zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ web : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ if paying by credit card : please debit my visa / mastercard account : amount : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card no : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ valid from : _ _ _ / _ _ _ to _ _ _ / _ _ _ cardholder 's name ( as printed on your card ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature as on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ credit card charges will be processed in us dollars . * pre - registrations cannot be accepted after may 13 , 1998 . any registration after this date must be made on site . * when submitting registrations , keep in mind the possibility of postal delays . e - mail registration avoids these delays . * registration fees are not refundable . * all registrants will receive a confirmation by e-mail . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - copies of the proceedings are available for $ 25 each and may be ordered from the above addresses . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - program chairs nancy ide ( chair ) department of computer science vassar college 124 raymond avenue poughkeepsie , new york 12604-0520 usa tel : ( + 1 914 ) 437 5988 fax : ( + 1 914 ) 437 7498 e - mail : ide @ cs . vassar . edu atro voutilainen ( co-chair ) research unit for multilingual language technology department of general linguistics p . o . box 4 ( keskuskatu 8 , 7th floor ) fin-00014 university of helsinki finland tel : ( + 358 9 ) 191 23 507 fax : ( + 358 9 ) 191 23 598 e - mail : atro . voutilainen @ ling . helsinki . fi program committee : steven abney , at&t laboratories - research , usa susan armstrong , issco , geneva , switzerland pascale fung , hong kong univ . of science and technology , hong kong gregory grefenstette , xerox research centre europe , france eduard hovy , usc / isi , usa dan jurafsky , university of colorado , boulder , usa kimmo koskenniemi , university of helsinki , finland hwee tou ng , dso national laboratories , singapore kemal oflazer , bilkent university , turkey peter schauble , eth zurich , switzerland keh yih su , national tsing - hua university , taiwan dan tufis , romanian academy of sciences , romania evelyne viegas , new mexico state university , usa further information : email : emnlp3 @ cs . vassar . edu web : http : / / www . cs . vassar . edu / ~ ide / emnlp3 . html http : / / www . cs . jhu . edu / ~ yarowsky / sigdat . html
 "",0
 2376,""Subject: 6th manchester phonology meeting - programme
  
  provisional programme the north - west centre for linguistics and the universities of toulouse - le mirail and paris x - nanterre present the 6th manchester phonology meeting university of manchester ( uk ) thursday 21 may to saturday 23 may 1998 the provisional programme for the 6th manchester phonology meeting is now available on our web site ( http : / / www . art . man . ac . uk / german / 6mfm / prog . htm ) . there are 18 papers and 15 posters , including presentations by jacques durand ( universite de toulouse - le mirail ) , john harris ( university college london ) , francis katamba ( university of lancaster ) , glyne piggott ( mcgill university ) , john rennison ( university of vienna ) and norval smith ( university of amsterdam ) . if you would like to attend , please contact us by e-mailing wiebke . brockhaus @ man . ac . uk before 8 may 1998 . details of conference fee , travel and accommodation arrangements etc . can be accessed from the above web page . best wishes , the organisers : wiebke brockhaus ( university of manchester ) jacques durand ( universite de toulouse - le mirail ) bernard laks ( universite paris x - nanterre ) nigel vincent ( university of manchester )
 "",0
 2377,""Subject: prolamat 98 : call for participation and program
  
  - - - - call for participation and program - - - - - i i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i i i i i i i i > > > ifip prolamat 98 < < < i i - - - - - - - i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i - - - - - - - i i i trento - italy september 9-11 , & 12 1998 i - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the call for papers has been very succesful : over 140 refereed papers will be presented at the conference in three technical tracks : 1 sharing experience from telecom use in industry for agility and innovation 2 human and machine communications , modeling , standard representation , reuse 3 telecom and agility impact on software technology for discrete manufacturing the program will include keynote speeches , an applied track organised in thematic sessions , and a selection of r&td projects co-financed by the european community on subject areas related to prolamat 98 . for information about program , registration fees , accomodation and forms , please find the call for participation and preliminary program on the prolamat 98 weekly updated web site : http : / / prolamat . cs . unitn . it please note that the deadline for the reduced registration fee is may 10 , 1998 , and that early registration and early travel & hotel booking is advisable . prof . gianni jacucci , conference chair
 "",0
 2378,""Subject: minority languages in context
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * minority languages in context diversity and standardisation congress to be held in chur ( switzerland ) , 21st - 23rd september 1998 provisional program themes addressed by the congress the aim of the congress is to stimulate the study and discussion of contextual dimensions within which minority languages are spoken , shared and taught . the congress will provide a forum for the exchange and discussion of descriptive and comparative reports from a variety of regional and national settings including those in switzerland . the contexts within which minority languages evolve can be described from differing points of view along a continuum between two opposing poles . at one end of the continuum lay attempts to achieve stability and homogeneity which are usually articulated through projects aiming at the planning and normalisation of minority languages in order to present these codes as having equal status to adjacent majority languages . at the other end of the continuum we find destabilisation and heterogeneity observable at points of contact and overlap between minority and majority languages and often leading to hybrid forms which challenge traditional notions of linguistic code . these two poles involve a variety of actors and agents of differing social and institutional status , all exercising varying degrees of influence on the language situation in question . the congress will address three thematic areas highlighting the full range of this continuum . thematic area one : standardisation of minority languages thematic area two : minority and majority languages : coexistence , relationships and overlap . thematic area three : minority languages at school * * * * * * * congress events * * * * * * * * * * * * keynote speakers florian coulmas ( tokyo ) for theme 1 ; bernard poche ( grenoble ) and ben rampton ( london ) for theme 2 ; mehandra verma ( york ) for theme 3 . * * * * sessions the thematic development of each day will be provided by speakers reporting on data and research from numerous and diverse linguistic situations around the world . titles of contributions e . agurtzane ( eusal herriko unibertsitatea ) , compensatory linguistic strategies in the gradual death process of a minority language : evidence from some dying dialects of basque m . auzanneau ( paris 5 ) , pluralit et dynamiques socio-culturelles et linguistiques saint - louis du sngal r . bernardi ( spell urtiyei ) , spell - standardisierungsprojekt der ladinischen idiome in den dolomiten d . bradley ( la trobe ) , standardisation of transnational minority languages in asia : lisu and lahu r . cathomas ( fribourg ) , spracherhaltung und immersion ? r . coray ( fribourg ) , """" sprachliche minderheiten """" - eine sozialhistorische analyse eines grundbegriffs der schweizerischen sprachenpolitik h . correia ( paris 5 ) , regards croiss sur une varit migrante : le portugais s . dal negro ( bergamo ) , il ruolo dell ' italiano in alcuni sviluppi della morfosintassi walser j . - f . de pietro , c . de goumons , d . jeannot , c . perregaux , a . - m . broi ( irdp neuchtel ) , des activits d ' veil au langage et d ' ouverture aux langues l ' cole : vers une prise en compte des langues minoritaires s . dingwall , h . murray ( zrich ) , the future of english in switzerland : a majority / minority problem ? a . duchne , f . rosenbaum ( neuchtel ) , la consultation logopdique comme espace de rencontre des langues minoritaires et majoritaires e . m . eckkrammer ( salzburg ) , the standardization of papiamentu : new trends , problems and perspectives l . elle ( bautzen ) , mehrsprachige kommunikation aus der sicht einer kleinsprachen sorbisch im alltag der lausitz r . franceschini ( basel ) , la creativit dei margini linguistici di una citt : quali competenze di lingue minoritarie presso gli ' indigeni ' ? g . fuchs ( bern ) , """" . . . un pas vers la remise en cause du statut linguistique de notre commune """" . reaktionen auf die einfhrung von projekten mit zweisprachingen unterricht ab kindergarten - und grundschulstufe j . fnfschilling , l . mondada , k . mller ( basel ) , les processus de majorisation / minorisation dans des interactions scientifiques plurilingues j . - j . furer ( roveredo ) effets de la langue d ' enseignement sur la diffusion et l ' ancrage du romanche dans son aire traditionnelle r . furness , j . suls ( barcelona ) , the occitan language on both sides of the franco - spanisch border : problems in aranese occitan language codification m . heller , n . labrie , c . quell , s . roy ( toronto ) , prise de parole : la mondialisation et la transformation des discours identitaires chez une minorit linguistique c . m . kieffer ( paris ) , die arabische minderheitssprache in baktrien ( nord - afghanistan ) c . leralu ( argizabal ) , attitudes envers le basque dans le pays basque franais m . maquillo larruy ( poitiers ) , les choix linguistiques de la minorit lusophone en andorre m . matthey ( neuchtel ) , le code-switching rig en norme ? : a propos de l ' europanto h . - p . meier - dallach ( zrich ) , kleinsprachen in der touristischen marketing landschaft j . mills ( luton ) , cornish lexicography in the twentieth century : standardisation and divergence c . d . pusch ( freiburg ) , die standardisierung des aranesischen - zur komplexitt der sprachplanung in einer romanischen kleinsprache , dargestellt an der verschriftungspraxis c . riatsch ( bern ) , literarische reaktionen auf puristischen normdruck im bndnerromanischen s . m . shannon ( denver ) , changing status of irish as experienced through the all - irish schools movement : implications for minority / majority language bilingualism g . vermes , e . huet ( paris 8 ) , problmes de comptences mtalinguistiques en langue minorise et difficults d ' apprentissage de la lecture en langue dominante * * * * activities of the lia rumantscha and other projects from the graubnden region of switzerland the lia rumantscha will organise a visit to their institute where they will present their current theoretical and practical research projects addressing languages and education in graubnden . * * * * * activities of the swiss association of applied linguistics ( vals / asla ) during the congress the association will hold its annual general meeting . the vals / asla special interests groups ( sigs ) will organise parallel sessions focussing on their own topics : sig teaching languages for academic purposes : anton lachner ( anton . lachner @ aal . unibe . ch - http : / / www . aal . unibe . ch / vals ) ; sig fachsprachenforschung : jrg niederhauser ( juerg . niederhauser @ germ . unibe . ch ) ; sig lehrwerkautoren : francesca roncoroni ( francesca . roncoroni @ aal . unibe . ch ) . * * * * * a report from the federal commission on language learning and teaching in switzerland this commission was set up to investigate language learning and teaching in switzerland and make specific recommendations for the future to the cantonal education authorities . during the congress the commission will present its final report . ( see : http : / / www . romsem . unibas . ch / sprachenkonzept / ) * * * * * * activities of the fondazione lingue e culture this foundation will present its manifesto on languages and cultures in the multilingual and multicultural switzerland . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * practical organisation * * * * dates / venue : 21st - 23rd september 1998 , regional assembly building in chur ( switzerland ) * * * * accommodation : participants are kindly requested to book their own hotel rooms . the enclosed brochure lists hotels and prices . further information can be obtained through chur turismus , grabenstrasse 5 , ch 7002 chur , tel . + 41 / 81 / 252 . 18 . 18 , fax . + 41 / 81 / 252 . 90 . 76 . * * * * * enrolment : students : 70 . - ; members of vals / asla : 110 . - ; non-members : 130 . - ; dinner on tuesday evening : 50 . - . please pay using the the enclosed payment slip ( within switzerland ) or by bank transfer to the post giro account of the vals / asla : post office account no . 45-311 - 4 . * * * * * definitive program the definitive program will be sent out to all those who have enroled by around mid june . it will contain summaries of the all contributions as well as a detailed description of all other congress events . * * * * * for more informations , contact : lorenza mondada , romanisches seminar , stapfelberg 7 / 9 , ch 4051 basel . fax : + 41 / 61 / 267 . 12 . 86 , email : mondada @ ubaclu . unibas . ch _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ enrolment form minority languages in context diversity and standardisation 21st - 23rd september 1998 , chur , switzerland name : office address : private address : tel . : fax : email : i enrol as : [ ] student ( 70 . - chfr . ) [ ] member of vals / asla ( 110 . - chfr ) [ ] non-member ( 130 . - chfr ) [ ] i will attend dinner on tuesday evening ( 50 . - chfr ) total payable to vals / asla : . . . . . . . . . . . post office account no . 45-311 - 4 .
 "",0
 2379,""Subject: yale working papers volume
  
  announcing a yale working papers volume : * * * * * * * yale * a - morphous * linguistics essays * * studies in the morphosyntax of clitics * * * * * * * contents : stephen r . anderson : - """" towards an optimal account of second position phenomena . """" - """" remarks on agreement and incorporation phenomena . """" k . david harrison : - """" the morphology of special np clitics : the definite article in albanian . """" stanley insler : - """" the phonological organization of the rigvedic clitic chain . """" lizanne kaiser : - """" cpr for korean type iii nominalizations . """" - """" the morphological cliticization of object - shifted weak pronouns in swedish . """" matthew richardson : - """" czech clitics : 2p or not 2p that is the question . """" jennifer vanloon : - """" pronominal morphology in sulimani kurdish . """" ordering information : $ 10 . 00 / volume . includes shipping within the u . s . please add an additional $ 2 . 00 for international orders . checks should be made out to """" yale university """" . for orders or inquiries , please contact : department of linguistics yale university p . o . box 208236 new haven , ct 06520-8236 e-mail : linguist @ yaleads . ycc . yale . edu telephone : ( 203 ) 432-2450 fax : ( 203 ) 432-4087
 "",0
 2380,""Subject: nlp + ia ' 98 deadline extension may 5th
  
  * * * deadline extension * * * deadline extension * * * deadline extension * * * * * * * * one week till may 5th 1998 * * * * * call for papers & exhibits = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = appel aux communications & expositions = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = international conference on natural language processing and industrial applications nlp + ia 98 > > > special accent on computer assisted language learning < < < conference internationale sur le traitement automatique des langues et ses applications industrielles tal + ai 98 > > > attention speciale portee a l ' enseignement de la langue < < < august / aout 18 - 21 , 1998 moncton , new - brunswick , canada come to canada this summer . . . iwnlg august 5 - 7 in niagara - on-the - lake coling - acl & workshops august 10-16 in montreal nlp + ia / call august 18-21 in moncton topics of interest : the nlp study group ( gretal ) at l ' universite de moncton is organizing its second international conference on nlp and industrial applications . this year a special attention is given to computer assisted language learning & teaching . papers are invited on all aspects of natural language processing , including , but not limited to , * computer assisted language learning & teaching , * natural language understanding and generation of textual , spoken and hand-written language , * natural language interfaces to databases , expert systems , or industrial applications * machine translation , computer aided translation , translation aids , * syntax , semantics , pragmatics , lexicon , morphology , * dictionaries , corpora , & other language resources * multimodality * multilinguality * nlp industrial applications * papers of every kind that can help bridge the gap between the theory and practice of nlp in general and language learning in particular . language : authors are invited to submit preliminary versions of their papers not exceeding 400 words ( exclusive of references ) either in english or in french , the two official languages of the conference . proceedings would be published in the language of the submitted texts . final versions would be around 7 - 8 pages . submission : 1 ) the first page should be an identification page containing the title , the authors ' names , affiliations , addresses , a five ( 5 ) keyword list specifying the subject area , a five ( 5 ) line summary , and the name and address of the contact person . title / titre : authors info / auteurs et infos : keywords / mots clefs : summary / resume : contact person / personne contact : 2 ) abstracts should not exceed 400 words in length excluding references ( 12 pt , times roman , 1 inch margins ( 2 , 5 cm ) all around ; if using a4 please keep text within 19cm x 25 , 5 cm ) . 3 ) the identification page and the abstract should be submitted in 4 hard copies ( 12 pt , times roman , 1 inch margins ( 2 , 5 cm ) all around ; if using a4 please keep text within 19 cm x 25 , 5 cm ) to : nlp + ia 98 / tal + ai 98 pr . chadia moghrabi geta , clips , imag 385 rue de la bibliotheque bp 53 x 38041 grenoble cedex 9 france phone : + 33 4 76 51 4369 fax : + 33 4 76 51 4405 e - mail : nlp + ia-98 @ imag . fr 4 ) the identification page should also be e-mailed in plain text . refereeing : all submissions shall be refereed by three members of the program committee . international program committee : anne de roeck ( essex , uk ) arnold smith ( nrc , canada ) chadia moghrabi ( moncton , canada ) christian boitet ( geta , grenoble , france ) chrysanne dimarco ( logos , waterloo , canada ) eric wehrli ( geneva , switzerland ) eva hajicova ( charles u . , prague ) genvieve caelen - haumont ( geod , grenoble , france ) graeme hirst ( toronto , canada ) harry bunt ( tilburg , netherlands ) henry hamburger ( george mason , usa ) howard hamilton ( regina , canada ) jean - pierre chanod ( xerox , france ) johanna moore ( pennsylvania , usa ) john hutchins ( east anglia , uk ) john tait ( sunderland , uk ) junichi tsujii ( umist & tokyo , japan ) kathleen mccoy ( delaware , usa ) margaret king ( issco , switzerland ) manfred stede ( tu - berlin , germany ) marcel cori ( paris-7 , france ) mark seligman ( geta-clips & red pepper , usa ) michael levison ( queens , canada ) nicoletta calzolari ( ilc / cnr , pisa , italy ) pierre isabelle ( rali , montreal , canada ) pierrette bouillon ( geneva , switzerland ) paul tarau ( moncton , canada ) remi chadel ( inxight , xerox , france ) roberto basili ( roma , italy ) ruddy lelouche ( laval , canada ) susan armstrong ( issco , geneva , switzerland ) thierry chanier ( franche - comte , france ) thierry van steenberghe ( louvain - la - neuve , belgium ) veronica dahl ( simon fraser , canada ) yael ravin ( ibm , usa ) yorick wilks ( sheffield , uk ) schedule : submissions are due now on may 5th 1998 . notification of receipt will be mailed to the contact person soon after receipt . authors will be notified of acceptance by 15 june 1998 . camera - ready copies of final full papers must be received by the 1st of august 1998 along with registration fees . participants are also requested to indicate their intention to participate in the conference as soon as possible to the same e-mail address with the single word intention in the subject line . exhibits : anyone wishing to arrange an exhibit or present a demonstration should send a brief electronic description along with a specification of physical requirements ( table size , power , telephone connections , number of chairs , etc . ) to the same address with the single word exhibit in the subject line . other activities : accompanying persons can enjoy the lovely outdoor living in new - brunswick and visit the highest tides in the world . moncton is only 20km away from the sandy beaches of shediac , la capitale mondiale du homard . conference organization : the conference is organized by gretal , groupe d ' etude sur le traitement automatique des langues at the universite ' de moncton in cooperation with geta-clips at l ' universite ' joseph fourier in grenoble . the members of the organizing committee are : chadia moghrabi , professor of computer science , conference chair jalal almhana , director & professor of computer science julien chiasson , professor of computer science sadek eid , professor of industrial engineering , director manufacturing technology centre boubaker meddeb - hamrouni , researcher geta & winsoft paul tarau , professor of computer science
 "",0
 2381,""Subject: tag + 1998
  
  * deadline for abstracts - april 30 , 1998 * tag tutorials - - announcement july 28 to july 31 , 1998 tag + workshop - - final call for papers august 1 to august 3 , 1998 philadelphia , pa , usa url : http : / / www . cis . upenn . edu / ~ ircs / mol / tag98 . html the fourth workshop on tree-adjoining grammars and related frameworks ( hence the + after tag ) will be held at the institute for research in cognitive science at the university of pennsylvania in august 1998 , from august 1 to august 3 . previous workshops were held at dagstuhl ( 1990 ) , upenn ( 1992 ) , and univ . paris 7 ( 1994 ) . prior to the workshop there will be a tutorial ( including labs and demos ) from july 28 to july 31 1998 . information about the tutorial is below , followed by information about the workshop . tutorial attendance = = = = = = = = = = the tutorial is open to anyone interested , though we request a pre-registration and we may limit attendance . we therefore suggest you indicate interest in attending to jennifer macdougall at the earliest date possible . ( see contact information below . ) travel stipends = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = a limited number of travel stipends will be available for graduate students ( i . e . , people studying towards a master 's or doctorate degree ) . this stipend will be limited to a maximum of us $ 600 . if you are interested in obtaining such a stipend , please send a message to jennifer macdougall at the address below . please include a one-page summary ( in ascii text format ) of your educational background and of your planned or present research , and indicate how the tutorial would enhance your education and / or planned research . ( information about accommodations will be provided at a later date . ) contact information = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = jennifer macdougall 553 moore building university of pennsylvania philadelphia , pa 19104-6389 usa telephone : ( 215 ) 898-3191 fax : ( 215 ) 898-0587 email : jmacdoug @ central . cis . upenn . edu proposed schedule = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = tuesday july 28 overview and introduction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - morning lectures * general introduction * formal overview * linguistic overview * lexicalized grammars afternoon lab session * intro to the xtag system * lab session with xtag wednesday july 29 computation and applications - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - morning lectures * parsing * supertagging and other stochastic approaches * synchronous tag * generation afternoon demos : * xtag - - second lab session * supertagger * other parsers * tag - based generation systems note : if you would like to demo a system , please let us know and we will include it . thursday july 30 tag , linguistic issues , and related grammatical systems - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - morning lectures * tag and generative grammar * tag and hpsg * tag and categorial grammars * tag and lfg afternoon lecture * grammar organization demos * grammar organization demos * mt demo friday july 31 selected advanced topics - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - morning and early afternoon lectures * advanced topics : formal and linguistics issues + coordination + scrambling + clitic climbing + lexical semantics + d - tree grammars + other topcis workshop papers on all aspects of tag ( linguistic , mathematical , computational , and applicational ) , as well as papers relating tags to other frameworks , are invited . as in the past there will be some invited talks on other grammar formalisms which have interesting relationships to tags ( for example , categorial grammars and hpsg ) . guidelines for abstracts : abstracts should be at most two pages ( exclusive of references ) , and should be submitted in ascii format , as a . ps file , or as self-contained latex file to jmacdoug @ central . cis . upenn . edu . ( if email is not available , please send the abstract to the address given below . ) please indicate on the abstract if you would prefer to give a short presentation ( 10 minutes ) or a long one ( 30 minutes ) . the abstract should contain your name , address , and email address . proceedings including extended versions ( 4 pages ) of accepted abstracts will be available at the workshop . deadline for submission for abstracts : april 30 ( extended ) notification of acceptance : may 15 deadline for submission of camera-ready extended abstract : july 6 workshop dates : august 1 to august 3 if you do not want to submit an abstract , but would like to attend , we would appreciate it if you could inform us by email by july 6 ( unless you have already done so ) . if you would like to present a demo , please let us know as soon as possible , including information about required hard and software . program committee : anne abeille ( universit ' e paris 7 ) tilman becker ( dfki ) christy doran ( university of pennsylvania ) robert frank ( johns hopkins university ) klaus netter ( dfki ) richard oehrle ( university of arizona ) owen rambow ( cogentex , inc . ) giorgio satta ( universita di padova ) yuka tateisi ( university of tokyo ) k . vijayshanker ( university of delaware ) david weir ( university of sussex ) contact address : jennifer macdougall 553 moore building university of pennsylvania philadelphia , pa 19104-6389 usa telephone : ( 215 ) 898-3191 fax : ( 215 ) 898-0587 email : jmacdoug @ central . cis . upenn . edu organizing committee : anne abeille ( paris 7 ) tilman becker ( dfki ) owen rambow ( cogentex , inc . ) giorgio satta ( universita di padova ) k . vijayshanker ( university of delaware )
 "",0
 2382,""Subject: phonology
  
  certamen phonologicum iii pier marco bertinetto , livio gaeta , georgijetchev & david michaels ( eds ) , certamen phonologicum iii . papers from the third cortona phonology meeting , april 1996 . torino , rosenberg & sellier 1997 , pp . 291 , price lit . 63 . 000 ( approximately us $ 37 ) . isbn 88-7011 - 717 - 0 . general issues : hans basboll , on danish schwa . judith m . broadbent , a review of hume 's account of consonant vowel interactions in maltese arabic . bruce l . derwing , testing phonological universals in the laboratory . tobias scheer , vowel - zero alternations and their support for a theory of consonantal interaction . prosodic theory : caroline fery , the mora as a measure of weight and syllabic constituent . karijn helsloot , poetic meter is metrical prosody : phonological phrasing in italian bound and free verse . michael kenstowicz & hyang - sook sohn , phrasing and focus in northern kyungsang korean . italian dialects and phonological theory : matthew absalom & john hajek , raddoppiamento sintattico : wath happens when the theory is on too tight ? . mirco ghini , segments , prosodic units , and ambisyllabicity in ligurian . michele loporcaro , on vowel epenthesis in alguer catalan . michael l . mazzola , from stress in latin and romance to lexical stress in italian . stephan schmid , a typological view of syllable structure in some italian dialects . edward f . tuttle , preferential and pseudo-metathesis ( in italo - romance dialects ) .
 "",0
 2383,""Subject: icslp abstracts due 1 may 98
  
  second call for papers for icslp ' 98 the 5th international conference on spoken language processing sydney convention & exhibition centre darling harbour , sydney australia 30th november 1998 - - 4th december 1998 hosted by the australian speech science & technology association inc . ( incorporating the 7th australian speech science & technology conference ) conference url http : / / cslab . anu . edu . au / icslp98 note : note : note : note : friday 1st may , 1998 paper summaries / abstracts due submission procedure submissions are invited in any of the following technical topic areas . a . human speech production , acoustic - phonetics and articulatory models b . human speech perception c . language acquisition : first and second languages d . spoken language and dialogue modelling ; dialogue systems e . isolated word recognition f . large vocabulary continuous speech recognition g . utterance verification and word spotting h . speaker adaptation and normalisation in speech recognition i . speaker and language recognition ; dialects and speaking styles j . multilingual perception and recognition k . signal processing , speech analysis and feature extraction l . robust speech processing in adverse environments m . hidden markov model techniques n . artificial neural networks , fuzzy and evolutionary algorithms o . spoken language understanding systems p . text - to - speech synthesis q . prosody and emotion ; focus , stress and accent r . speech coding s . spoken language generation systems ; concept - to - speech t . spoken language translation systems u . analysis of speech and hearing disorders v . speech processing for the speech - impaired and hearing - impaired w . segmentation , labelling and speech corpora x . speech technology applications and human - machine interfaces y . spoken language processing and multimodality z . other areas of spoken language processing format of submission acceptance of papers for presentation at the conference will be on the basis of reviewed summaries . you should submit a summary of your paper comprising approximately 500 words . at the top of the page , please specify the following corresponding author contact details : full name full postal mail address email address fax number phone number proposed paper details : paper title author list topic id ( a - z ) four additional keywords presentation preference ( oral , poster , student day ) the topic id should be a single category from the topic list specified as an alphabetic letter ; if your submission falls within the broad area of spoken language processing but is not explicitly represented in the topic list , please use the z category . the four additional keywords are requested in order to assist the programme committee in assigning reviewers . means of submission ( of summaries / abstracts ) electronic submission of summaries via the world wide web is preferred : a summary submission form is available at http : / / cslab . anu . edu . au / icslp98 . alternatively , a pro-forma for email submission can be obtained from this url or by emailing """" icslp98 @ tourhosts . com . au """" ; email submissions should be sent to """" icslp98 @ one . net . au """" . if electronic submission is not possible , postal submissions ( 4 copies ) to the icslp ' 98 secretariat address specified below will be accepted provided that they adhere to the above format . please do not use fax . restrictions on submissions ( of summaries / abstracts ) please note that only ascii summaries written in english will be accepted : do not include any attachments , graphics , or embedded formatting commands . given the large number of submissions we expect to receive , anything that cannot be printed directly will be rejected without consideration . acknowledgement of receipt you should receive an acknowledgement of receipt within 72 hours of electronically submitting your summary . if this does not happen , then you should resend your submission by email to """" icslp98 @ one . net . au """" with the word resubmission at the beginning of the subject line . if an acknowledgement is still not forthcoming , an email problem should be assumed , and the summary submitted by fax . please do not resubmit or send by fax for any other reasons than lack of acknowledgement from the conference . conditions of acceptance all papers must be presented in english by one of the listed authors ; that author will be required to register no later than the full-paper submission date . summaries will not be accepted after the submission date . please note : the deadline of may 1st for receipt of submissions is firm . the tight scheduling of our review process means that late submissions cannot be accepted . student day submissions students wishing to submit papers for the sst student day should submit summaries as above . these submissions will be separately reviewed and published under the banner of the 7th australian speech science & technology conference and will also be included on the cdrom containing the icslp ' 98 proceedings . submission addresses world wide web : via """" http : / / cslab . anu . edu . au / icslp98 e - mail submission : icslp98 @ one . net . au postal : icslp ' 98 secretariat , gpo box 128 , sydney nsw 2001 , australia technical queries : robert dale ( rdale @ mpce . mq . edu . au ) general information : """" icslp98 @ tourhosts . com . au """" conference secretariat tour hosts conference & exhibition organisers gpo box 128 sydney nsw 2001 , australia important dates friday 1st may , 1998 paper summaries due for review friday 26th june , 1998 acceptance notification friday 21st august , 1998 deadline for full-paper submission conference coordinating committee peter blamey ( financial ) university of melbourne bruce millar ( technical ) australian national university julie vonwiller ( organisation ) university of sydney / appen technical programme committee robert dale ( chair ) microsoft research institute roberto togneri ( deputy chair ) university of western australia denis burnham university of new south wales michael wagner university of canberra sst student day committee franz clermont ( co - chair ) university of new south wales michael barlow ( co - chair ) university of new south wales ingrid ahmer university of south australia robin king university of south australia parham mokhtari university of new south wales international advisory board souguil j . m . ann , seoul national university , korea jens p . blauert , ruhr - universitaet , germany michael brooke , university of bath , united kingdom timothy bunnell , university of delaware , usa anne cutler , max - planck - institute for psycholinguistics , netherlands hiroya fujisaki , science university of tokyo , japan julia hirschberg , at&t bell laboratories , usa bjorn granstrom , royal institute of technology , sweden lin - shan lee , national taiwan university , taiwan roger moore , defence research authority , united kingdom john j . ohala , university of california , berkeley , usa louis c . w . pols , university of amsterdam , netherlands christel sorin , centre nationale d ' etude des telecommunications , france yoh ' ichi tohkura , atr human information processing laboratories , japan jialu zhang , academia sinica , china australian consultative committee yianni attikiouzel , university of western australia robert bogner , university of adelaide john clark , university of western sydney mary o'kane , university of adelaide roger wales , university of melbourne and representatives of financial sponsors . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - karen croot school of communication sciences & disorders faculty of health sciences , university of sydney po box 170 lidcombe nsw australia 2141 phone : 02 9351-9694 ( within australia ) , + 61 2 9351-9694 ( international ) . facsimile : 02 9351-9977
 "",0
 2384,""Subject: """" language resources for european minority languages """"
  
  pre - final programme and call for participation workshop on """" language resources for european minority languages """" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - wednesday may 27 1998 ( morning ) , granada , spain in association with the first international conference on language resources and evaluation , may 28-30 1998 , granada , spain programme : 8 : 00 registration 8 : 30 welcome and introduction 8 : 40 """" overview of minority languages in europe """" . marc alemany ( catalan sociolinguistic institute ) . 9 : 00 """" vocatel and vogatel : two telephone speech databases of spanish minority languages ( catalan and galician ) """" . luis villarrubia , paloma leon , luis hernandez ( speech technology group , telefonica i&d , madrid , spain ) ; climent nadeu , ignasi esquerra , javier hernando ( dept . tsc , universitat polite ' cnica de catalunya , barcelona , spain ) ; carmen garcia - mateo , laura docio ( etsit de telecomunicacio ' n , universidad de vigo , vigo , spain ) . 9 : 20 """" written linguistic resources in catalan : the dcc project """" . joan soler bou ( institut d ' estudis catalans , barcelona , spain ) . 9 : 40 """" the melin project """" . donncha o ' cro ' ini ' n ( institiu ' id teangeolai ' ochta e ' ireann / linguistics institute of ireland , dublin , ireland ) . 10 : 00 coffee 10 : 30 """" a framework for the automatic processing of basque """" . i . aldezabal , o . ansa , j . m . arriola , a . di ' az de ilarraza , n . ezeiza , a . maritxalar , m . oronoz , k . sarasola ( euskal herriko unibertsitatea , spain ) ; i . aduriz , m . urkia ( uzei , donostia , spain ) . 10 : 50 """" towards the creation of new galician language resources : from a printed dictionary to the galician wordnet """" . fernando magan ( ramo ' n pin ~ eiro research center for humanities , santiago de compostela , spain ) . 11 : 10 poster session 1 ( odd-numbered authors at posters ) 11 : 50 poster session 2 ( even-numbered authors at posters ) 12 : 30 plenary 13 : 30 end = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = poster papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 """" a tagger environment for galician """" . m . vilares , j . gran ~ a ( universidad de corunna , spain ) ; t . araujo , d . cabrero , i . diz ( ramo ' n pin ~ eiro research center for humanities , santiago de compostela , spain ) . 2 """" a bilingual spanish - catalan database of units for concatenative synthesis """" . i . esquerra , a . bonafonte , f . vallverdu ' , a . febrer ( universitat polite ' cnica de catalunya , barcelona , spain ) . 3 """" methods and tools for building the catalan wordnet """" . l . beni ' tez , s . cervell , g . escudero , m . lo ' pez , g . rigau , m . taule ' ( universitat polite ' cnica de catalunya , barcelona , spain ; universitat de barcelona ) . 4 """" lemmatisation of the corpus of cornish """" . j . mills ( university of luton , england , uk ) . 5 """" speechdat cymru : a large-scale telephony welsh database """" . r . j . jones , j . s . mason ( univ . of wales , swansea , wales , uk ) ; l . helliker , m . pawlewski ( bt labs , ipswich , england , uk ) . 6 """" kgb project : tools and resources for breton language learning """" . j . siroux , h . gourmelon , g . mercier , j - p . messager ( enssat , lannion , france ) . 7 """" a speech database in basque language """" . k . lo ' pez de ipin ~ a , i . torres , l . on ~ ederra ( euskal herriko unibertsitatea , spain ) . 8 """" an overview of the existing language resources for ' gallego ' """" . c . garci ' a - mateo ( universidade de vigo , spain ) ; m . gonza ' lez - gonza ' lez ( universidade de santiago , spain ) . 9 """" language standardisation and linguistic resources : the case of central ladin ( dolomites ) """" . f . ciochetti ( istitut ladin , vigo di fassa , italy ) ; f . pianesi ( irst , trento , italy ) . 10 """" the le-parole project and the national corpus of irish """" . d . o ' cro ' ini ' n , e . ui ' dhonnchadha ( institiu ' id teangeolai ' ochta e ' ireann / linguistics institute of ireland , dublin , ireland ) . 11 """" design of a phonetic corpus for speech recognition in catalan """" . i . esquerra , c . nadeu ( universitat polite ' cnica de catalunya , barcelona , spain ) ; l . villarrubia , p . leo ' n ( telefo ' nica investigacio ' n y desarrollo , madrid , spain ) . 12 """" levels of annotation for a welsh speech database for phonetic research """" . b . williams ( university of edinburgh , scotland , uk ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - workshop scope and aims : the minority or """" lesser used """" languages of europe ( e . g . basque , welsh , breton ) are under increasing pressure from the major languages . some of them ( e . g . gaelic ) are becoming endangered , but others ( e . g . catalan ) are in a stronger position , with a certain amount of official recognition and funding . however , the situation with regard to language resources is fragmented and disorganised . some minority languages have been adequately researched linguistically , but most have not , and the vast majority do not yet possess basic speech and language resources ( such as text and speech corpora ) which are sufficient to permit commercial development of products . if this situation were to continue , the minority languages of europe would fall a long way behind the major languages , as regards the availability of commercial speech and language products . this in turn will accelerate the decline of those languages that are already struggling to survive , as speakers are forced to use the majority language for interaction with these products . to break this vicious circle , it is important to encourage the development of basic language resources . the workshop is a very small first step towards encouraging the development of such resources . the aim is to share information , so that isolated researchers will not need to start from nothing . an important aspect will be the forming of personal contacts , which at present do not exist . the aim is to make it easier for isolated researchers with little funding and no existing corpora to begin developing a usuable speech or text database . there will be a balance between presentations of existing language resources , and more general presentations designed to give background information . organisers : briony williams university of edinburgh , scotland , uk climent nadeu universitat politecnica de catalunya , catalunya , spain alex monaghan dublin city university , ireland contact ( on * academic * matters only - registration information is below ) : briony williams cstr 80 south bridge edinburgh eh1 1hn scotland , uk email : briony @ cstr . ed . ac . uk tel : + 44 1 31 650 2790 fax : + 44 1 31 650 6351 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration information for lrec and pre and post conference workshops conference the registration fees will be 25 . 000 pesetas ( about 150 ecu ) per participant , with reduced fees of 20 . 000 pesetas ( about 120 ecu ) for early registration by march 9 , 1998 , and 12 . 000 pesetas ( about 70 ecu ) for students . the fees cover the following services : a copy of the proceedings , a social dinner , coffee breaks and refreshments . for accompanying persons , the social dinner will be 6 . 000 pesetas ( about 35 ecu ) . pre conference workshops pre conference workshops are 5 , 000 pesetas each for those attending lrec and 10 , 000 pesetas each for those not attending lrec , and include a copy of the proceedings of the workshop and a coffee break . post conference workshop the 2 - day post conference workshop is 10 , 000 pesetas for those attending lrec and 20 , 000 pesetas for those not attending lrec , and includes a copy of the proceedings of the workshop and coffee breaks . registration willbe made only for those persons who have been invited to participate by the organizers . advance registration payment can be made using the registration forms below . registration can be made on-site and must be paid in cash , using pesetas . registration forms first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 28-30 may 1998 e-mail or fax to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain , tel + 34 58 24 41 00 , fax + 34 58 24 41 04 , reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es last name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postal / zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ web : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration payment form registration fees full participant * after march 9 , 1998 25 . 000 pesetas ( about 150 ecu ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ student * 12 . 000 pesetas ( about 70 ecu ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * registration fees include one copy of the proceedings , a social dinner , coffee breaks and refreshments . social dinner for accompanying persons 6 . 000 pesetas ( about 35 ecu ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pre conference workshops , may 26 - 27 , 1998 5 , 000 pesetas each for those attending lrec 10 , 000 pesetas each for those not attending lrec please indicate the workshops you plan to attend ( x ) _ _ _ _ _ """" linguistic coreference """" may 26 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ """" adapting lexical and corpus resources to sublanguages and applications """" may 26 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ """" the evaluation of parsing systems """" may 26 , afternoon session _ _ _ _ _ """" minimizing the effort for language resource acquisition """" may 26 , afternoon session _ _ _ _ _ """" towards an open european evaluation infrastructure for nl and speech """" may 27 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ """" language resources for european minority languages """" may 27 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ """" speech database development for central and eastern europeanlanguages """" may 27 , afternoon session _ _ _ _ _ """" distributing and accessing linguistic resources """" may 27 , afternoon session total number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ x 5 , 000 ( if attending lrec ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ x 10 , 000 ( if not attending lrec ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ post conference workshop , may 31 - june 1 * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """" translingual information management : current levels and future abilities """" * register only if you have been asked to participate and have confirmed with the organizers 10 , 000 ( if attending lrec ) 20 , 000 ( if not attending lrec ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ grand total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ method of payment you may pay by credit card ( visa , mastercard or eurocard only ; we cannot accept american express , diners club , etc . ) . you may also pay by banker 's cheque , bank transfer or by eurocheque . all payments must be in spanish pesetas . if payment is by banker 's cheque , bank transfer or by eurocheque , please send it by regular mail . if payment is by credit card , it may be faxed . please do not e-mail credit card numbers , as we cannot guarantee the security of our e-mail system , and because we require signatures . please indicate ( x ) one of the following four payment options : a ) _ _ _ _ i enclose a banker 's cheque in spanish pesetas payable to """" first international conference on language resources and evaluation """" . b ) _ _ _ _ i have transferred the full fees by bank transfer to your account at : banco central hispano , c / recogidas , 13 , 18002 granada . account name : first international conference on language resources and evaluation . account number : 0049 - 0372 - 18 - 2210856078 . i have told my bank to charge me / us with all bank charges so that """" first international conference on language resources and evaluation """" will receive the full fees . i enclose a copy of the bank transferpapers with the person ( s ) name written on the transfer . c ) _ _ _ _ please debit my visa / mastercard / eurocard account : amount : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card no : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ valid from : _ _ _ / _ _ _ to _ _ _ / _ _ _ ( as printed on your card ) cardholder 's name and address : last name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postal / zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ web : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature as on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ credit card charges will be processed in spanish pesetas . d ) _ _ _ _ i enclose eurocheque ( s ) for the full fees . i have written my eurocheque number on the back of each eurocheque . mail or fax to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es + 34 58 24 41 04 fax visit our website for further information http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra . html conference addresses the conference chair is antonio zampolli ( istituto di linguistica computazionale del cnr and president of elra ) . antonio zampolli - lrec istituto di linguistica computazionale del cnr via della faggiola , 32 56126 pisa , italy + 39 50 560 481 tel . + 39 50 555 013 fax pisa @ ilc . pi . cnr . it the secretariat of the conference , who will provide general information on the conference , is : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain + 34 58 24 41 00 tel . + 34 58 24 41 04 fax reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es conference program committee harald hoege , siemens , munich , germany bente maegaard , cst , copenhagen , denmark joseph mariani , limsi-cnrs , orsay , france angel martin municio , president of the real academia de ciencias , madrid , spain antonio zampolli , istituto di linguistica computazionale , pisa , italy exhibition an exhibition will be organised by elra . this exhibition is open to companies and projects wishing to promote , present and demonstrate their language resources products and prototypes to the wide range of experts and representatives from all over the world participating in the conference . for more information on this , please contact the elda office on elra-elda @ calva . net . elra for more information about elra ( the european language resources association ) , please contact : khalid choukri , elra ceo 55-57 , rue brillat savarin f - 75013 paris , france tel . + 33 1 43 13 33 33 fax . + 33 1 43 13 33 39 e - mail : elra @ calva . net web : http : / / www . icp . grenet . fr / elra / home . html
 "",0
 2385,""Subject: logic course on the internet
  
  call for participation logic course on the internet : dynamic semantics the institute for logic , language and computation and the dutch graduate school in logic hereby announce the second electronic course on dynamic semantics . this is lectured mainly over the internet and is intended for an international audience . the course is given by david beaver ( csli , stanford ) , paul dekker and willem groeneveld ( both illc , amsterdam ) . the course is meant for phd students and advanced undergraduates who are familiar with basic notions of logic and model-theoretic semantics , and who share an interest in the formal analysis of the semantics and pragmatics of natural language . the course consists of two parts . the first part ( may 25 to july 10 ) is given entirely on the world wide web . all communication ( including an electronic classroom , readers , collaboration on exercises etc . ) then takes place over the internet . after a five weeks break , the course continues on a face to face basis at the summer school ( august 17 - - 28 in saarbruecken ) . the course offers room for a limited number ( 20 ) of participants . people who are interested are adviced to subscribe before may 5 - th to """" dekker @ philo . uva . nl """" , and include a sketch of background , education and interests . for more information the reader may consult the course plan at : http : / / turing . wins . uva . nl / ~ pdekker / course / plan . html david beaver , paul dekker , willem groeneveld institute for logic , language and computation university of amsterdam
 "",0
 2386,""Subject: ellipsis in conjunction
  
  call for papers , focus group , zas , berlin , oct . 2 - 3 , 1998 workshop on ellipsis in conjunction in view of the growing interest in conjunction ellipsis this workshop is an attempt to promote the communication and bridge the gaps between different approaches within the framework of generative syntax . the workshop will concentrate on the following issues : ( 1 ) the structure of a conjunction construction . is the base-generated structure of a coordinate construction a double-headed structure ( williams 1994 ) , or does it have the second conjunct right-adjoined to the first conjunct ( reinhart 1991 ) , or is it a projection of a conjunction word ( &p ) ( munn1987 ) , or something else ? ( 2 ) the possible categories to be conjoined . must a conjunct be a clause or an extended projection ( excluding smaller xp - types ) ? must a conjunct be an xp ( excluding head and x ' ) ? and how are ' asymmetrical coordinations ' analyzed if only ' like ' categories can be conjoined ? ( 3 ) the analyses of ellipsis and gapping constructions . the verb gapping construction , for instance , has been analyzed as rightward np movement followed by an identical constituent deletion ( jayaseelan 1990 ) , across - the - board verb movement ( johnson 1996 ) , and deletion licensed in lf ( wilder 1997 ) . in addition , it remains to be shown how to account for the relationships between vp ellipsis , pseudogapping and gapping . furthermore , a general study of sluicing is required to cover wh in-situ languages where slucing does not alternate with an overt movement to eliminate strong features of a wh question ( lasnik 1997 ) . ( 4 ) the analysis of similarities and differences among various types of reduction . how and why do coordinative , comparative , and exception conjunction ellipses share properties and differ from each other syntactically , and / or semantically ? are the properties of forwad deletion and backward deletion related to lf and pf respectively , as claimed by wilder ( 1997 ) ? ( 5 ) the constraints on the ellipsis constructions . what are the language-specific properties that might interact with the representations of conjunction ellipsis ? are there any ellipsis or gapping rules in ug ? ( 6 ) the connection between conjunction ellipsis and information structure . to what extent are such ellipses determined by information structural aspects like focus background structuring ? ( 7 ) studies of conjunction ellipsis of a greater variety of languages . invited speakers : danny fox tilman hoehle kyle johnson jason merchant alan munn craig thiersch chris wilder organizers : kerstin schwabe , niina zhang , horst - dieter gasde , and andre meinunger the deadline for receipt of abstracts is july 1 , 1998 . please send your abstract ( 1 a4 / letter - size max ) to : dr . niina zhang zas jaegerstr . 10-11 10117 berlin germany tel : 49-30 - 20192572 fax : 49-30 - 20192402 email : ellipsis @ zas . gwz-berlin . de we accept abstracts by fax , email , as well as regular mail . the selection of the abstracts for presentation will be finished by the end of august . zentrum fur allgemeine sprachwissenschaft ( zas ) http : / / www . zas . gwz-berlin . de
 "",0
 2387,""Subject: non - lexical semantics
  
  conference schedule ( preferably ) non-lexical semantics the conference will take place at the university of paris 7 , 2 place jussieu , 75005 paris ( metro : jussieu ) , conference room of the """" insititut monod """" at the ground level of the tour 42 . schedule : thursday , may 28 8 : 30 - 9 : 00 registration 9 : 00 - 9 : 35 alexander grosu ( tel aviv ) """" the ' filter ' status of carlsonian contexts """" 9 : 35-10 : 05 roger schwarzschild and karina wilkinson """" quantifier scope in clausal comparatives """" 10 : 05-10 : 40 : philippe schlenker ( ucla ) """" clausal equation : a solution to the connectivity problem """" break 11 : 00-11 : 35 j . marc authier ( penn state ) """" on some properties of structure based semantic conditions """" 11 : 35-12 : 10 vivienne fong ( singapore ) and arto antila ( boston ) """" two cases of partitivity """" 12 : 10-12 : 45 claire gronemeyer ( lund ) """" the syntactic basis of evidentiality in lithuanian """" break 14 : 30-15 : 05 richard breheny ( london ) """" a quantificational approach to weak and strong interpretation of definites """" 15 : 05-15 : 40 robert van rooy ( amsterdam ) """" in situ interpretation of definites , indefinites and presuppositions by indexedactuality operators """" break 16 : 00-16 : 35 lisa matthewson ( mit ) """" the interpretation of wide-scope indefinites : evidence from st ' t ' imcets """" 16 : 35-17 : 10 ilena comorovski ( nancy ) """" adverbial quantification and backwards anaphora """" 18 : 00-19 : 00 ede zimmermann invited lecture friday , may 29 9 : 00 - 9 : 35 almerindo ojeda ( davis ) """" the interpretation of singularity """" 9 : 35-10 : 10 martin hackl and jon nissenbaum ( mit ) """" variable modal force in for - infinitival clauses """" 10 : 10-10 : 45 r . zuber ( cnrs ) """" atomicity and semantics """" break 11 : 05-11 : 40 frederike moltmann ( new york ) """" apparent quantifiers of higher types and nonreferential complements """" 11 : 40-12 : 15 georges rebuschi ( paris 3 ) """" e - type pronouns and quantification """" 12 : 15-12 : 50 henriette de swart ( utrecht ) """" pragmatics of scope """" break 14 : 30-15 : 05 kristin m . eide and tor a . aafarli ( norway ) """" generalized multifunctionality : how language recycles meaning """" 15 : 05-15 : 40 : zygmunt frajzyngier ( bulder ) """" towards a methodology for discovery of meaning of grammatical forms """" break 16 : 00-16 : 35 daniel lacombe ( paris7 ) """" la creativite logico-syntaxique du francais non-standard """" 16 : 35-17 : 10 arthur merin ( stuttgart ) """" the relevance of relevance : political economy of presupposition in a probability theory """" 17 : 10-17 : 45 joseph quer ( utrecht ) """" the contribution ofmood shift to interpretation : free relatives and conditional readings """" break 18 : 00-19 : 00 pauline jacobson ( brown ) invited lecture 19 : 00 : wine and cheese party saturday may 30 9 : 00-10 : 00 savas tsohatzidis ( saloniki ) invited lecture break 10 : 15-10 : 50 : jacques jayez ( paris ) """" a proof-theoretic non-scalar account of scalar inferences """" 10 : 50-11 : 25 regine eckardt ( konstanz ) """" the proper scope of event quantification """" 11 : 25-12 : 00 xiao lu ( rochester ) """" verb class , aspect , and the chinese verb de - construction """" 12 : 00-12 : 35 markus kracht ( berlin ) """" on the semantics of locatives """" alternates : 1 . akira ikeya ( toyo gakuen university ) : the predicate - argument structure of english and japanese adjectives """" 2 . rusudan asatiani ( tbilisi ) : the semantics and functions of yes / no particles ( on the date of the georgial language ) 2 . resistration fee : 90 ff ( this includes the wine and cheese party )
 "",0
 2388,""Subject: language and cognitive processes
  
  the following is the list of contents of the forthcoming issue of the journal language and cognitive processes . vol . 12 5 / 6 pages 505-892 october / december 1997 preface gerry t . m . altmann 505 on the inseparability of grammar and the lexicon : evidence from acquisition , aphasia , and real - time processing elizabeth bates and judith c . goodman 507 reflections on phonological bootstrapping : its role in lexical and syntactic acquisition anne christophe , teresa guasti , marina nespor , emmanuel dupoux and brit van ooyen 587 integrating form and meaning : a distributed model of speech perception m . gareth gaskell and william d . marslen - wilson 615 syllabification in speech production : evaluation of weaver ardi roelofs 659 the time course of activation of semantic information during spoken word recognition helen e . moss , samantha f . mccormick and lorraine k . tyler 697 semantic errors as neuropsychological evidence for the independence and the interaction of orthographic and phonological word forms gabriele miceli and rita capasso 735 structure and function in the lexical system : insights from distributed models of word reading and lexical decision david c . plaut 767 a connectionist model of the arabic plural system kim plunkett and ramin charles nakisa 809 abstracts 839 volume 12 contents , author index 891 further information and subscription details from the psychology press , 27 church road , hove , e . sussex bn3 2fa , uk . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = dr . gerry t . m . altmann g . altmann @ psych . york . ac . uk department of psychology university of york tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1904 434362 heslington , york y01 5dd . uk . fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1904 433181 homepage : http : / / www . york . ac . uk / ~ gtma1 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
 "",0
 2389,""Subject: history of linguistic ideas
  
  the henry sweet society for the history of linguistic ideas fifteenth annual colloquium : amsterdam , 16th - 19th september 1998 second circular date and venue the colloquium is scheduled to begin with registration at 1 p . m . on wednesday 16 september , and to finish with breakfast on saturday 19 september . there will be associated events on wednesday and thursday evenings . registration and papers will take place in amsterdam university 's doelenzaal and its oudemanhuispoort facility . both locations are in the centre of amsterdam and can be easily reached by public transport . there will be a special bus on thursday and friday mornings for participants from hotel casa 400 . amsterdam , the capital of the netherlands , has the largest historical inner city in europe and the beautiful canals , monumental buildings , museums , world famous art galleries , open air markets and shopping streets can easily be explored on foot , should you have time before or after the colloquium . accommodation and travel a number of rooms have been booked for colloquium participants at hotel casa 400 . a list of low budget or more expensive hotels will be provided on request . amsterdam is easily accessible by air , rail and road . there is a direct rail connection to amsterdam from schiphol international airport located about 10 miles from the city centre . the city of amsterdam discourages its citizens from using cars , which means that there is no free parking either at the hotel or in the vicinity . detailed travel arrangements will be sent to those who have made bookings . keynote speaker we are delighted to announce that reinier salverda , professor of dutch at university college london , has agreed to be our keynote speaker . his topic will be """" dutch linguists around 1900 : a critical reappraisal """" . a book of abstracts will be made available to participants at the beginning of the colloquium . speakers who wish to make any adjustments to their abstracts should do so before 31 may . provisional lecture programme wednesday 16 september . 13 00arrival and registration 14 30r . schreyer ( aachen ) , """" john wilkins , the man in the moone and everything : on links and hyperlinks in the history of ideas """" . 15 00m . m . iserman ( heidelberg ) , """" sounds and their signs in john wilkin 's essay """" . 15 30n . wilding ( rome ) , """" galilean linguistics """" . 16 00tea 16 30i . zwiep ( amsterdam ) , """" hebrew studies at the time of the counter - refomation : the reception of bellarmine 's institutiones """" . 17 00a . j . klijnsmit ( amsterdam ) , """" vossius , spinoza and schultens : the application of analogia in hebrew grammar """" . 18 00dinner 20 00r . salverda ( london ) , """" dutch linguistics around 1900 : a critical reappraisal """" . thursday 17 september 09 30j . privratska ( prague ) , """" the reflections of comenius language endeavours in the encyclopaedia comeniana """" . 10 00j . mills ( luton ) , """" twentieth - century cornish lexicography and language revival """" . 10 30p . j . lucas ( dublin ) , """" john minshew , polymath and poseur : old english in an early seventeenth-century dictionary """" . 11 00coffee 11 30l . kelly ( cambridge ) , """" michel foucault , richard mckeon and grammatica speculativa """" . 12 00j . murphy ( davis , ca ) , """" early modern grammarians who write about rhetoric """" . 13 15lunch 14 30w . e . mcmahon ( akron , oh ) , """" revisiting the concept of logical form """" . 15 00b . godart - wendling ( paris ) , """" la place de la semantique dans les premieres grammaires categorielles """" . 15 30l . shi - xu ( singapore ) , """" the poetics of formalism and functionalisn : understanding linguistic science as discourse """" . 16 00tea 16 30m . j . van der wal ( leiden ) , """" feral children in the netherlands : an eighteenth-century case within its european context """" . 17 00l jooken ( louvain ) , """" james hutton 's synthesis of epistemolinguistic issues at the end of the scottish enlightenment """" . 17 30r . steadman - jones ( cambridge ) , """" face and race in the early nineteenth century : european grammars of wolof and urdu """" . friday 18 september 09 30s . a . romaschko ( moscow ) , """" transferring grammars : how german grammarby jacob grimm was converted into russian historical grammar by fedor buslaev """" . 10 00t . becker ( munich ) , """" hermann paul , the post-generative morphologist """" . 10 30n . helsloot ( amsterdam ) , """" nietsche 's tone """" . 11 00coffee 11 30h . gwosdek ( tuebingen ) , """" the english grammars for st paul 's school , london """" . 12 00p . loonen ( groningen ) , """" the production of french grammars by hugenot refugees in the dutch republic """" . 12 30i . tieken - boon van ostade ( leiden ) , """" towards an edition of lowth 's correspondence """" . 13 15lunch 14 30e . h . jahr ( tromso ) , """" clara holst ( 1868-1935 ) : norwegian historical linguist and woman pioneer """" . 15 00a . linn ( sheffield ) , """" towards a stylistics of standardisation : the case of norwegian and faroese """" . 15 30j . m . morris ( london ) , """" linguistic ideas for literacy in english """" . 16 00tea 16 30b . collins ( leiden ) & i . m . mees ( copenhagen ) , """" daniel jones role in the development of a prestige variety of british english pronunciation """" . 17 00m . k . c . macmahon ( glasgow ) , """" the beginnings of phonetics in the british university system """" . 17 30annual general meeting - - - conference dinner on behalf of the organising committee : dr . robin smith department of english language and literature university of leiden p . o . box 9515 2300 ra leiden the netherlands e-mail : rdsmith @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl those who want to attend the conference are kindly requested to print the following registration form and hotel reservation form , complete them , and send them by fax or regular mail to the addresses mentioned on the forms . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the henry sweet society for the history of linguistic ideas * * * * * * fifteenth annual colloquium , amsterdam , september 16-18 , 1998 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * registration form ( please print or use a typewriter ) * * * o mr o mrs family name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . first name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . title ( prof . / dr . etc . ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . institution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . code / city . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telephone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telefax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e - mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please tick the appropriate boxes and fill in the appropriate amount i wish to attend the conference and register members of the henry sweet society ( or participants who wish to become a member of the henry sweet society , and will pay the membership fee of 9 british pounds ( approx . dfl 32 ) at the registration desk on the first day of the conference ) o before august 1 , 1998 dfl 300 o after august 1 , 1998 dfl 325 non-members o before august 1 , 1998 dfl 400 o after august 1 , 1998 dfl 425 students o before august 1 , 1998 dfl 135 social event o conference dinner on fridaydfl 80 the registration fee includes access to all sessions , coffee and tea , two ( dutch ) lunches , two dinners and a reception . students must enclose a copy of their student card . total amount to be paid ( please fill in ) dfl . . . . . i will pay this amount o by remitting the amount to the postbank amsterdam , account number 6391427 , in favour of """" uva gio congresbureau """" ( * ) o by sending eurocheques to the conference office ( * ) ( max . amount per cheque : dfl 300 ; each cheque complete with signature and bank card number ) o please charge my credit card . ( this will add an additional dfl 25 to the total amount ) o master / eurocard o visa o american express credit card number : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . expiry date : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . exact name on card : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( * ) please state """" hss """" and the full name of the participant on the bank transfer or cheque ! payments should be made in dutch guilders and without charges to the beneficiary . by sending in this registration form , i acknowledge that i commit myself to the immediate payment of the full conference fee . i have taken notice of the cancellation terms on this form . date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . signature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cancellations and refunds the conference office should be notified of cancellations in writing . if cancellations are received by the conference office before august 1 , 1998 , the total conference fee will be refunded , less dfl 45 administration costs . after august 1 , 1998 , no refunds will be made . please note that refunds will only be made after the completion of the conference . please return this form : by fax or by regular mail ( as a hard copy ) to : conference office , universiteit van amsterdam p . o . box 19268 , 1000 gg amsterdam , the netherlands fax : + 31 525 4799 , tel : + 31 525 4791 * * * end of registration form hss amsterdam conference * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the henry sweet society for the history of linguistic ideas * * * * * * fifteenth annual colloquium , amsterdam , september 16-18 , 1998 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * hotel reservation form ( please print or use a typewriter ) * * * * hotel prices can only be guaranteed , if the hotel reservation form is returned before july 15 . * since the year 1998 is a very busy year in amsterdam , we strongly advise you to take care of your hotel reservation as soon as possible . family name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . first name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . code / city . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telephone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telefax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please fill in and tick the appropriate boxes i would like to make the following reservation at the hotel casa 400 james wattstraat 75 amsterdam . . . . single room ( s ) dfl 132 per night . . . . twin-bedded room ( s ) dfl 176 per night date of arrival : . . . . . . . . . date of departure : . . . . . . . . . above rates are per room , per day and include breakfast , services and taxes . all rooms have private facilities . in order to guarantee the reservation , a deposit of dfl 200 per room is required and must be remitted in advance . after receipt of this amount the hotel reservation will be confirmed and a hotel deposit voucher will be sent , less dfl 25 for reservation and bank charges . the value of the voucher will be deducted from your final hotel bill . for cancellations received before september 2 , 1998 , refunds will be made less dfl 50 administration fee . please note that it can take a few weeks before you receive a confirmation of your hotel reservation . i have paid the deposit of dfl . . . . . . . . . . o by remitting the amount to the abn / amro bank amsterdam , account number 41 . 11 . 55 . 210 , in favour of """" carlson wagonlit travel """" o by sending a cheque to carlson wagonlit travel o please charge my credit card o master / eurocard o visa o american express o other : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . credit card number : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . expiry date : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . exact name on card : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . signature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please return as a hard copy by regular mail or fax to : carlson wagonlit travel dam 19 1012 js amsterdam the netherlands fax + 31 20 623 5107 tel + 31 20 624 1361 e-mail agm @ keytours . nl * * * end of hotel reservation form hss amsterdam conference * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",0
 2390,""Subject: teaching linguistics ( grammar )
  
  * * * call for papers * * * * * * call for papers * * * """" teaching linguistics """" symposium on teaching grammar in conjunction with the twenty - second annual conference on the teaching of foreign languages and literatures . youngstown state university youngstown , ohio , october 24 , 1998 plenary speaker : * robert dekeyser , university of pittsburgh , linguistics dept . dr . dekeyser will speak on """" focus on form """" proposals on topics related to the teaching of grammar in first , second and foreign languages are welcomed . college and university faculty , high school teachers , and graduate students are invited to submit proposals . possible areas of focus might include , but are not limited to : pedagogical grammars , history of grammatical teaching , normatism / prescriptivism , pros and cons of formal instruction , and all aspects of grammatical teaching , such as methods , social aspects , audiences , situations of teaching ( l1 , l2 , fl ) , goals and objectives , etc . special attention will be given to papers dealing with the position and role of grammatical instruction within the curriculum . * all disciplinary approaches are welcome , such as language arts teaching ; second language acquisition : theory , research and practice ; pedagogical approaches and classroom strategies ; techniques and materials ; innovations in media technology ; testing and assessment ; ethnographic studies . this is not , however , a symposium on universal grammar . * abstracts : presentations should be 30 minutes long , including time for questions . send three copies of a one - page , double spaced abstract to the symposium committee ( address below ) by june 1 , 1998 . e - mail submissions ( ascii only , no attachments ) are ok . include contact information on a cover sheet attached to the abstract . the abstract should contain no information that identifies the presenter . notification will be mailed no later than july 1 , 1998 . * registration : all participants , including presenters , are required to register to the conference , however , a lower fee for the symposium day alone will be available . registration materials will be mailed in early august 1998 . all accepted presenters will receive the conference registration mailings . those interested in attending , but not presenting need only request to be put on the mailing list . graduate students needing crash space or with financial problems should mention this fact in the cover sheet . * the conference on the teaching of foreign languages and literatures will feature two plenary speakers : helena curtain ( u . of wisconsin ) who will speak on fles and david d . herren ( middlebury college ) who will speak on call . besides the plenary speakers the conference will feature over thirty presentations and workshops on various aspects of teaching foreign languages and literature . * abstracts and requests for information about the teaching grammar symposium should be sent to : salvatore attardo & steven brown english department , debartolo hall 202 youngstown state university youngstown oh 44555 usa sattardo @ cc . ysu . edu srbrown @ cc . ysu . edu
 "",0
 2391,""Subject: colloque : plurilinguisme et enseignement
  
  integrated in teh activities promoted by the grif ( groupe de reflexion interdisciplinaire sur le franais ) , the language department of the university of the algarve , faro , portugal , has promoted a scientific meeting on plurilingualism and teaching , to be held on the 4th and 5th of june . this meeting aims to foster the debate and the reflection of students , teachers , educators and supervisors on the subject of teaching a foreign language in multilingual and multicultural contexts . communications to be presented focus on the isuues of foreign language acquisition and development and also on the analysis of factors related to the foreign language learning and teaching process . invited professors : daniel coste - ens - saint cloud bernard py - universit de nuchatel more informations : http : / / www . ualg . pt / uceh / noticias . html
 "",0
 2392,""Subject: sigphon98 workshop - - - extended deadline
  
  the fourth cfp = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = < < c a l l - - - - - f o r - - - - - p a p e r s > > = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the computation of phonological constraints = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the 4th meeting of the acl special interest group in phonology ( http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ sigphon / 98 ) in conjunction with the coling-acl ' 98 joint conference montreal , canada , 15th august 1998 * * * due to popular request , we have extended the deadline for * * * submissions to this workshop by 3 weeks . the new deadline * * * is may 10 . the meeting - - - - - - - - - - constraint - based theories of phonology have become enormously popular in recent years . such theories express generalizations by stating how and when a language 's phonological forms are constrained , rather than relying on rules that actively modify the forms . computational ideas have often provided an impetus for these innovations . koskenniemi 's ( 1983 ) 2 - level morphophonological processor introduced parallel constraining relations as an alternative to an ordered system of rewrite rules . declarative phonology ( c 1990 ) focusses on the unity of representations and rules as constraints , drawing on various computational ideas from unification to temporal logic to finite-state calculi . one current constraint-based theory is optimality theory ( ot ) ( prince&smolensky 1993 ) . this theory found , at least partial , inspiration in computational work by smolensky on the relation between symbolic and subsymbolic computation . although this link with connectionism has been left largely unexplored , ot has proved to be a computationally productive theory , giving rise to several theoretical papers on computational issues related to complexity and learnability , as well as inspiring a number of implementations . this workshop is designed to foster the link between computational work and constraint-based phonology in general . to this end , it invites submissions on topics related to the computation of any constraint-based phonological formalism , including but not limited to the three mentioned above . here are some example topics : * the computational interpretation of phonological theories , * constraint ranking and interaction , eg . as in ot , * implementations of particular analyses , * results in the complexity of constraint application , * algorithms for learning constraints or constraint ranking , * results on the learnability of such constraints , * novel formalisms for constraint-based phonology , * representational issues raised by constraint-based approaches . in short , papers are invited which address computational issues in constraint-based theories of phonology . submission - - - - - - - - - what : original research , not published elsewhere a completed study is prefered to proposals and progress reports originality , topicality and clarity will be the assessment criteria how : submissions must be sent by email to sigphon98 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk when : may 10 submissions due may 25 notification of acceptance june 23 final ( accepted ) versions due submission format - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( note that apart from the medium and length sections , these requirements are as for submissions to coling-acl98 . ) medium : postscript , emailed to sigphon98 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk please check postscript compatibility using either ghostview , or by printing the postscript file before sending length : 7 pages maximum ( including references and appendices ) optional extra page for abstract in a second language paper size : please use a4 page-size typesetting : latex is encouraged , but not required . layout : set margins so that text lies centred within a rectangle of 6 . 5 x 9 inches ( 16 . 5 x 23 cm ) use times roman or computer modern font 11 to 12 point for text 14 to 16 point for headings and title centred page numbers in footers 2 columns after title and abstract figures may range across columns since reviewing will be blind , a separate identification notice should be emailed ( in ascii ) to sigphon98 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk . it should include : title author ( s ) name ( s ) affiliation ( s ) complete addresses abstract in english submission to other conferences ( ' none ' or list ) and author of record ( for correspondence ) . authors should not identify either themselves or their affiliations , either directly or indirectly in the body of the text ( the postscript file ) . authors should use the coling-acl98 style files and templates for preparing submissions ( see http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / styles . html ) . this will help ensure that the layout requirements are met , and that the effort required to format the final version will be minimized . registration - - - - - - - - - - - information about registration procedures will be available as soon as possible . organisation - - - - - - - - - - - organiser : t . mark ellison ( edinburgh ) organising / program committee : steven bird ( edinburgh ) jason eisner ( pennsylvania ) bruce tesar ( rutgers ) markus walther ( duesseldorf ) correspondence - - - - - - - - - - - - - should be sent to : sigphon98 centre for cognitive science edinburgh university 2 buccleuch place edinburgh eh8 9lw , uk tel . + 44 ( 131 ) 650-4416 fax . + 44 ( 131 ) 650-6626 email : sigphon98 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk web : http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ sigphon / 98
 "",0
 2393,""Subject: special issue machine translation : final call for papers
  
  final call for papers the machine translation journal special issue on anaphora resolution in machine translation guest editor : ruslan mitkov ( university of wolverhampton ) the interpretation of anaphora is crucial for the successful operation of a machine translation system . in particular , it is essential to resolve the anaphoric relation when translating into languages which mark the gender of pronouns . unfortunately , the majority of mt systems developed in the seventies and eighties did not adequately address the problems of identifying the antecedents of anaphors in the source language and producing the anaphoric """" equivalents """" in the target language . as a consequence , only a limited number of mt systems have been successful in translating discourse , rather than isolated sentences . one reason for this situation is that in addition to anaphora resolution being itself a very complicated task , translation adds a further dimension to the problem in that the reference to a discourse entity encoded by a source language anaphor by the speaker ( or writer ) has not only to be identified by the hearer ( translator or translation system ) but also re-encoded in a coreferential expression in a different language . the nineties have seen an intensification of research efforts in anaphora resolution in machine translation . this can be seen in the growing number of related projects which have reported promising new results ( e . g . wada 1990 ; leass & schwall 1991 ; nakaiwa & ikehara 1992 ; chen 1992 ; saggion & carvalho 1994 ; preuss et al . 1994 ; nakaiwa et al . 1994 ; nakaiwa et al . 1995 ; nakaiwa & ikehara 1995 ; mitkov et al . 1995 ; mitkov et al . 1997 ; geldbach 1997 ) . however , we still feel that additional work is needed to highlight and further explore the specifics of the problem in operational mt environments , including fully automatic machine translation and machine - aided translation . we are inviting high-quality , original research papers describing recent advances in anaphora resolution in machine translation . topics to be addressed include ( but are not limited to ) - operational anaphora resolution components in machine translation - resolution of zero pronouns in mt environments - lexical transfer of anaphors across languages - to what extent have the latest trends towards knowledge-poor , corpus - driven and robust approaches in anaphora resolution , been called upon in machine translation ? - what are the most scalable contributory factors / resolution strategies in mt ? - what makes anaphora resolution a more complex task in machine translation ? - multilingual anaphora resolution submission and format articles should be submitted directly to the publishers , either by e-mail to ellen . klink @ wkap . nl , with the subject header """" submission to coat anaphora special issue """" , or in hard-copy to machine translation editorial office kluwer academic publishers p . o . box 990 3300 az dordrecht the netherlands or machine translation editorial office kluwer academic publishers p . o . box 230 accord , ma 02018-023 u . s . a . the submission deadline is 15 may 1998 . the journal is typeset using latex , so the preferred medium for submission of articles in electronic format is latex source ( using the kluwer style file ) or gzipped postscript . for more details , please consult the journal 's web pages : home page : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / journalhome . htm / 0922-6567 instructions for authors : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / kaphtml . htm / ifa0922-6567 latex style files : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / jrnlstyle . htm / 0922-6567 if submitting hard-copy , four copies of the paper are required . the length of the papers should be approximately 10-20 pages if using the kluwer style file ( around 20k words ) . authors are also requested to send a copy of an abstract of not more than 200 words to the guest editor r . mitkov @ wlv . ac . uk or in hard-copy to ruslan mitkov , school of languages and european studies , university of wolverhampton , stafford st . , wolverhampton wv1 1sb , united kingdom . guest editor : ruslan mitkov school of languages and european studies university of wolverhampton stafford st . wolverhampton wv1 1sb telephone ( 44-1902 ) 322471 fax ( 44-1902 ) 322739 email r . mitkov @ wlv . ac . uk guest editorial board : breck baldwin ( university of pennsylvania , philadelphia ) david carter ( sri international , cambridge ) guenter goerz ( university of nuernberg / erlangen ) lynette hirschman ( mitre , mclean ) richard kittredge ( university of montreal ) susan luperfoy ( mitre , mclean ) tony mcenery ( lancaster university ) ruslan mitkov ( university of wolverhampton ) frederique segond ( ranx xerox , grenoble ) harold somers ( umist , manchester ) keh - yih su ( national tsing hua university , taiwan ) yorick wilks ( university of sheffield )
 "",0
 2394,""Subject: new reflections on grammaticalization
  
  universitat potsdam am neuen palais 10 , 14469 potsdam pd dr . ilse wischer institut fur anglistik / amerikanistik universitat potsdam , postfach 601553 , 14415 potsdam sekr . : ( + 49 ) 0331-977 - 2524 tel . : ( + 49 ) 0331-977 - 2533 fax : ( + 49 ) 0331-977 - 2069 e-mail : wischer @ rz . uni-potsdam . de call for papers april 1998 new reflections on grammaticalization an international symposium at potsdam university 17-19 june 1999 since meillet 's first mentioning of the term grammaticalization in 1912 several generations of scholars have contributed to a better understanding of this process of linguistic change . recent studies are closely connected with the names of paul hopper and elizabeth traugott . further major impulses came from a number of works in cologne , from an international symposium at the university of oregon at eugene in 1988 , or from empirical research based on computer corpora edited in a collective volume by matti rissanen et al . numerous publications and conference contributions in the last ten years have revealed a growing interest in the theory of grammaticalization . people have worked on several topics reaching from theoretical investigations on its status with respect to various theories of grammar up to its practical application to linguistic phenomena in many languages of the world . this has led , on the one hand , to new insights and a deeper understanding , it has also revealed , however , new questions that call for an answer and require further research . the aim of this symposium is to bring together scholars who are working in this area to present their findings and discuss such topics as e . g . whether there are two different types of grammaticalization , one on the propositional level and another one on the discourse level , whether there are convincing examples of the reversability of grammaticalization , what kind of relationship holds between grammaticalization and lexicalization , or which internal and external factors can accelerate or retard grammaticalization . papers are invited on all aspects related to grammaticalization in its synchronic or diachronic perspective , with respect to theoretical reflections or practical findings . studies based on linguistic phenomena in english are particularly welcome . academic programme : opening lecture : christian lehmann , university of bielefeld , germany plenary lectures ( so far ) : joan bybee , university of new mexico , united states talmy givn , university of oregon , united states bernd heine , university of cologne , germany ekkehard knig , free university berlin , germany social programme : there will be a conference dinner , a guided tour through the city of potsdam including a visit of one of its famous castles , a visit of the potsdam film studios or a boat tour on the havel . details about the social programme will be given in the 2nd circular . accomodation : accomodation will be in hotels in town at conference rates . a limited number of moderately priced rooms will be available in the guest house of the university . you will have to book the rooms on your own , mentioning your participation in the symposium . addresses will be given in the 2nd circular . about the city of potsdam and potsdam university : in 1993 brandenburg s capital celebrated the 1000th anniversary of its founding . potsdam 's distinctive appearance began to emerge when the town became the residence of prussian royalty . to this day the capital attracts many visitors . the grounds of the three royal parks , the palace of sans souci and the new palace , schinkel 's charlottenhof , an architectural gem , the cecilienhof palace as well as numerous churches and italianate villas continue to charm visitors today . cafs , restaurants , museums and galeries are an integral part of the capital 's unique cityscape . among 140 , 000 potsdamers , there are 11 , 000 university students , most of whom live in halls of residence on the outskirts of town . potsdam 's location could not be more ideal for leisure time activities : it is surrounded by forests , lakes and rivers and a short commuter train ride takes you to the nation 's nearby capital , berlin . since the last century , potsdam has been a centre for research in the natural sciences . today potsdam is again the home of respected research institutes . for a few years now it has also been a university town . the university of potsdam was founded on 15 july 1991 . located on three campuses - am neuen palais , golm and potsdam - babelsberg - the university absorbed most of the staff of brandenburg state college ( previously the potsdam college of education ) and a few members of the staff of the college of law and administration ( previously the academy of government and law of the gdr , dissolved in 1990 )
 "",0
 2395,""Subject: germanic generative syntax newsletter
  
  germanic generative syntax newsletter , spring 1998 . call for contributions the editors of the germanic generative syntax newsletter invite contributions for the spring 1998 issue . we are especially interested in : - dissertation abstracts - book notices - calls for papers and conference announcements - conference reports - paper abstracts ( 15-20 lines max . ) - titles of unpublished papers - bibliographic details of articles that have appeared or will appear in edited volumes or working paper volumes all these contributions should be related to the field of germanic generative syntax . please send your contributions in ascii format to the following email address : zwart @ let . rug . nl deadline : may 21 , 1997 subscription information : the germanic generative syntax newsletter is published in electronic form and is distributed via email . to subscribe to the ggsn mailing list , send an email message to majordomo @ lists . uib . no with subscribe ggsn < your email address > in the body of the message . jan - wouter zwart editor
 "",0
 2396,""Subject: generative approaches to sla iv
  
  second call for papers the university of pittsburgh department of linguistics and the carnegie mellon university department of modern languages present : the fourth international conference on generative approaches to second language acquisition iv september 25-26 - 27 , 1998 pittsburgh , pennsylvania , usa confirmed plenary speakers : o lydia white , mcgill university o usha lakshmanan , southern illinois university o peter gordon , university of pittsburgh all papers in generative approaches to sla are welcome , including interdisciplinary links with : second language sentence / input processing neuroimaging and second language acquisition links between language change , language contact , and sla links between generative approaches to sla and social / cognitive factors affecting sla please send 5 copies of an anonymous abstract ( single-spaced , 2 pages maximum including examples and references ) and a 3 x 5 index card with name ( s ) of author ( s ) , title of paper , affiliation , phone number , and e-mail address to : gasla iv 2816 cathedral of learning university of pittsburgh pittsburgh , pa 15260 usa no e - mail submissions , please deadline for abstracts : may 31 , 1998 deadline for pre - registration : september 5 , 1998 http : / / verb . linguist . pitt . edu / ~ gasla /
 "",0
 2397,""Subject: multimedia indexing and retrieval
  
  acm sigir ' 98 post - conference workshop multimedia indexing and retrieval melbourne , australia , august 28 , 1998 call for participation background : this workshop will focus on the required functionality , techniques , and evaluation criteria for multimedia information retrieval systems . researchers have been investigating content-based retrieval from non-text sources such as images , audio and video . initially , the focus of these efforts were on content analysis and retrieval techniques tailored to a specific media ; more recently , researchers have started to combine attributes from various media . the goal of multimedia ir systems is to handle general queries such as """" find outdoor pictures or video of clinton and gore discussing environmental issues """" . answering such queries requires intelligent exploitation of both text / speech and visual content . multimedia ir is a very broad area covering both infrastructure issues ( e . g . efficient storage criteria , networking , client-server models ) and intelligent content analysis and retrieval . since this is a one-day workshop , we have chosen three focus areas in the intelligent analysis and retrieval area . about the workshop : the first focus of this workshop is on integrating information from various media sources in order to handle multimodal queries on large , diverse databases . an example of such a collection would be the www . in such cases , a query may be decomposed into a set of media queries , each involving a different indexing scheme . the interaction of various media sources that occur in the same context ( e . g . , text accompanying pictures , audio accompanying video ) is of special interest ; such interaction can be exploited in both the content analysis and retrieval phases . the second focus deals with examples of research using content and organization of multimedia information into semantic classes . users pose and expect a retrieval to provide answers to semantic questions . in practice this is difficult to achieve . building structures that encode semantic information in a fairly domain independent and robust manner is extremely difficult . a quick review of computer vision research over the last few years points to this difficulty . in many cases , image content can be used in conjunction with user interaction and domain specificity to retrieve semantically meaningful information . however , it is clear that retrieval by similarity of visual attributes when used arbitrarily cannot provide semantically meaningful information . for example , a search for a red flower by color red on a very heterogeneous database cannot be expected to yeild meaningful results . on the other hand retrieval of red flowers in a database of flowers can be achieved using color . in context therefore , examples of research using content and organization of multimedia information into semantic classes will be discussed . many systems , particularly image and video based ones require an example picture which can be used as a query ( alternatively , the user may be required to draw a picture ) . it may be unrealistic to expect an example image to be always available . thus , it would be useful to find ways of generating new queries . can nlp techniques be combined with computer vision techniques to generate such queries ? or can multimodal retrieval techniques be combined to create queries suitable for image , video and audio retrieval ? in general , a question is how can we create realistic queries for realistic systems . the third focus of this workshop is on evaluation techniques for multimedia retrieval . currently , most researchers are using the standard evaluation measures defined for text documents ; these need to be extended / modified for multimedia documents . there is also a high degree of subjectivity involved that needs to be addressed . we will focus on the following specific topics : - content analysis and retrieval from various media ( text , images , video , audio ) - interaction of modalities ( e . g . text , images ) in indexing , retrieval - effective user interfaces ( permitting query refinement etc . ) - evaluation methodologies for multimedia information . we have found that researchers pay insufficient attention to it . - techniques for relevance ranking - multimodal query formation / decomposition - logic formalisms for multimodal queries - indexing and retrieval from scanned documents - e . g extracting text from images , word spotting - as a retrieval technique for both handwritten and printed documents . - testbeds for evaluating multimodal retrieval : it would be nice to have some resource sharing here since annotating these , and coming up with a good query set are difficult participation : two types of participation are expected . those interested in making a presentation at this workshop should submit their full papers either in online postscript version or in hardcopy by regular mail to the address given below . the papers should not exceed 5 , 000 words , including figures , tables , and references . those interested in participating , but not presenting papers , should submit a statement of interest , not to exceed 500 words . this should clearly state what aspect ( s ) of the workshop reflect their research interest . these will be used to select panelists . both types of submissions are due on friday , june 5th . decisions will be made no later than friday , june 26th . in the case of paper submission , the final camera-ready papers are due on july 24th . working notes will be made available to all participants at the workshop . all the submissions should be sent to : prof . rohini k . srihari , cedar / suny at buffalo ub commons 520 lee entrance , suite 202 amherst , ny 14228 - 2583 rohini @ cedar . buffalo . edu organization : workshop chairs ( also program chairs ) rohini k . srihari , suny at buffalo ( rohini @ cedar . buffalo . edu ) zhongfei zhang , suny at buffalo ( zhongfei @ cedar . buffalo . edu ) r . manmatha , university of massachussetts ( manmatha @ cs . umass . edu ) s . ravela , university of massachussetts ( ravela @ cs . umass . edu ) program committee members : shih - fu chang ( columbia u . , usa ) david harper ( robert gordon university , u . k . ) alex hauptmann ( cmu , usa ) rakesh kumar ( sarnoff , usa ) desai narasimhalu ( isi , singapore ) candace sidner ( lotus , usa ) peter schauble ( eth , switzerland ) timetable : paper or statement of interest submission : june 5th , 1998 decision : july 3rd , 1998 camera - ready paper due : july 24th , 1998 sigir conference : august 24th - 28th , 1998 workshop : august 29th , 1998 further information : further questions may be directed to the address above , or go to the web page of this workshop at http : / / www . cedar . buffalo . edu / sigir98 / mmtr . html or the sigir conference main web page at http : / / www . cs . mu . oz . au / sigir98 /
 "",0
 2398,""Subject: knowledge about language bibliography
  
  association for language awareness knowledge about language and language awareness : an annotated bibliography by richard aplin isbn 0 9530906 0 4 over 600 items listed descriptive annotations for books full indexing under auther name classified under : teaching materials language in education the study of language the study of the english language articles in periodicals works of reference price 10 pounds sterling ( post free in uk and europe ) 2 pounds extra for postage elsewhere available from richard aplin at the address below . please make cheques payable to association for language awareness - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | richard aplin | tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 116 252 3692 | university of leicester | school of education | fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 116 252 3653 | 21 university road | leicester le1 7rf | e-mail : trwa1 @ le . ac . uk - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 "",0
 2399,""Subject: sla conference paris 1999
  
  call for papers xi th international conference """" acquisition of a foreign language : perspectives and research """" pragmatic uses & acquisition of foreign languages """" acquisition d ' une langue etrangere : perspectives et recherches """" usages pragmatiques et acquisition des langues etrangeres at the universite de la sorbonne nouvelle - paris iii april 15 - 17th 1999 theme second language acquisition in different contexts , pragmatic processes in sla , models of acquisition , social , cognitive , linguistic and affective dimensions in sla , didactic implications of research in sla . discussions will be held in the following workshops : workshops workshop 1 : communication strategies in classroom and / or naturalistic acquisition contexts . workshop 2 : variables reflecting contextualization and learning ( paralinguistic clues , prosody , lexicon ) workshop 3 : cognitive functions and verbal interactions in a learning context workshop 4 : types of discourse and sla workshop 5 : variety of didactic situations and sla * authors are asked to send 2 copies of their abstract in french ( max . 2 pages ) before june 15th 1998 . put your name , address and affiliation on 1 copy only . include title , information on methodology and corpus . specify the workshop in which your paper could be presented . * decisions on acceptance will be communicated on july 15 th 1998 . * complete paper ( hard-copy and disk ) must be received before november 30 th 1998 . max . 12 pages . all papers will be available on disk for the participants . * deadline for registrations : 13 / 2 / 1999 . maximum number of papers : 40 . all abstracts should be sent to : daniel veronique / francine cicurel colloque """" usages pragmatiques et acquisition des langues """" ufr didactique du francais langue etrangere 46 , rue saint - jacques 75230 paris cedex 05 telephone : ( 0 ) 1 40 46 29 25 fax : ( 0 ) 1-40 46 29 30 e-mail : daniel . veronique @ paris3 . sorbonne . fr e-mail : francine . cicurel @ paris3 . sorbonne . fr
 "",0
 2400,""Subject: history of the phonetic sciences in the united states
  
  call for contributions a volume tentatively entitled """" a guide to the history of the phonetic sciences in the united states """" is being prepared for initial distribution at the xivth international congress of the phonetic sciences , to be held in san francisco , august 1 - 7 , 1999 . this book , edited by arthur bronstein , john ohala , and william weigel , will be the first of its kind and promises to be a reference work of continuing value . we seek volunteers to contribute short biographical entries ( c . 200 to 800 words ) including a bibliography on about 75 americans who have played a significant role in the development of the phonetic sciences . the deadline for submission is june 30 , 1998 . you can find a style sheet , a sample contribution , and a list of suggested subject individuals at our website : http : / / trill . berkeley . edu / icphs / history / in order to avoid duplication of effort , contributors should inform us as soon as possible ( preferably by email , at the following address ) of the subjects of their proposed contributions . for further information , please email us at : icphs99 @ trill . berkeley . edu or write to us at : icphs99 university of california department of linguistics 1203 dwinelle hall berkeley , ca 94720-2650
 "",0
 2401,""Subject: fsmnlp ' 98 student grants
  
  call for participation the program for fsmnlp ' 98 international workshop on finite state methods in natural language processing is now available . the program and the text version of a registration form follows . more information as well as postscript and pdf forms of the registration form can be obtained from http : / / www . nlp . cs . bilkent . edu . tr / fsmnlp98 the program includes a one-day hands-on tutorial on finite state computing by dr . ken beesley of xerox research centre europe , on the 29th of june . in order to encourage attendance especially by full-time students pursuing programs in computational linguistics / natural language processing , we have limited funds that would ( i ) let us waive workshop registration fees for students if they register for and attend the tutorial , or ( ii ) let us waive half the workshop registration fee if they do not register for the tutorial if you are full-time student and would like to be considered for these options , please indicate so on your registration form and attach recently dated letter from your department confirming your full-stime student status to the registration form when you send it . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - fsmnlp ' 98 international workshop on finite state methods in natural language processing sponsored by eacl - european chapter of the association for computational linguistics , tubitak - turkish scientific and technological research council , nato science for stability program - tu-language project june 29 - july 1 , 1998 bilkent university ankara , turkey program june 29 , 1998 monday 9 : 00 - 18 : 00 tutorial a one - day practical introduction to finite - state computing instructor : ken beesley , xerox research centre europe grenoble , france scope : the course will include an introduction to regular languages , finite-state machines , finite state transducers , the xerox xfst interface , and the lexc compiler . participants will get hands-on experience with the software , using exercises in natural-language morphology and phonology . all instruction and documentation will be in english . target : linguists and computer scientists interested in how finite-state technology can be applied to natural language processing . prerequisites : participants should know some basic unix commands and be able to edit text files using an editor like emacs or vi . although we assume no previous experience in finite-state computing , finite-state computing is a kind of computer programming , and participants should have some kind of programming experience . tentative contents - a gentle introduction to finite - state automata finite - state machines regular languages lookup finite - state automata lookup and generation - key finite - state operations union intersection subtraction concatenation iteration composition - finite - state morphology / phonology morphotactics phonological / orthographical variation - xerox extended regular expressions the xfst interface the stack read regex apply up , apply down exercises : esperanto verbs - simple replace rules ( extended regular expressions ) rule exercises : kanpat , brazilian portuguese - review : lexicons , rules , composition , the stack lexicon + rules exercise : bambona - the lexc language and compiler lexicons , continuation classes interface exercises : esperanto nouns , adjectives - lexc plus replace rules exercise : irish lenition - other tools and tricks twolc ( """" two - level """" rules and morphology ) separated dependencies and composition exercise : esperanto ge - nouns other filtering via composition - a large system : finite - state arabic morphology lexical databases finite - state lexicon ( lexc ) separated dependencies ( replace - rule filters ) variation ( rules ) designing """" languages """" modifications , tags , character encodings overall lookup and generation www interface ( java ) - questions , review of exercises june 30 , 1998 tuesday 8 : 30 - - 9 : 30 registration 9 : 45 opening remarks 10 : 00 - 11 : 00 plenary talk the proper treatment of optimality in computational phonology lauri karttunen xrce grenoble , france 11 : 00 11 : 30 break regular papers morning session 11 : 30 12 : 30 context-free parsing through regular approximation mark - jan nederhof dfki saarbrucken germany does tagging help parsing ? a case study on finite state parsing atro voutilainen university of helsinki , finland 12 : 30 14 : 00 lunch afternoon session 1 14 : 00 15 : 30 robust parsing using a hidden markov model wide r . hogenhout yuji matsumoto nara institute of tech . japan incremental construction of minimal acyclic finite state automata and transducers jan daciuk , university of gdansk , poland bruce e . watson ribbit software , canada university of pretoria , south africa richard e . watson ribbit software , canada and treatment of e - moves in subset construction gertjan van noord groningen univ . the netherlands 15 : 30 - 16 : 00 break afternoon session 16 : 00 - 17 : 00 learning finite state models for language understanding david pico enrique vidal polytechnic university of valencia , spain a multilingual natural language interface to regular expressions aarne ranta xrce grenoble , france july 1 , 1998 wednesday morning session 10 : 00 - 12 : 00 implementing voting constraints with finite state transducers kemal oflazer gokhan tur bilkent university , turkey feature structures , unification and finite state transducers remi zajac crl / nmsu usa using genericity to create customizable finite state tools sandro pedrazzini marcus hoffman idsia switzerland constraining separated morphotactic dependencies in finite state grammars ken beesley xrce grenoble , france 12 : 00 13 : 30 lunch 13 : 30 16 : 30 visit to museum of anatolian civilizations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - fsmnlp ' 98 international workshop on finite state methods in natural language processing june 29 - july 1 , 1998 bilkent university ankara , turkey registration form last name : first name : organization : address : : : telephone : fax : e - mail : web page url : tutorial : june 29 1998 workshop june 30 - july 1 1998 [ ] tutorial registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . usd 40 [ ] workshop registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . usd 60 [ ] tutorial + workshop ( full - time students only ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . usd 40 [ ] workshop only ( full - time students only ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . usd 30 ( please attach a letter from your department confirming your full-time student status . ) total usd . . . workshop registration fee includes : copy of the proceedings , reception , coffee and tea during breaks , and visit to the museum of anatolian civilizations . social event : june 27 - 28 , 1998 [ ] visit to cappadocia region known for its lunar landscape , fairy-chimneys and underground cities . includes transportation , one night at a 3 * hotel , breakfast , and dinner , guided tour of all major sites . 99 usd / person * _ _ persons usd . . . accommodation [ ] hotel bilkent ( 4 * hotel on campus with transportation to the workshop site ) . special rates for workshop participants are ( including vat ) : single room usd 65 / night double room usd 80 / night i will arrive on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and depart on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hotel bill is payable during check-out . [ ] university dormitory room very close to workshop site , with shared showers and facilities . 1 person per room free of charge ( * * only linens and blankets will be provided . * * ) payment for the workshop registration and cappadocia trip can only be made by credit card . please provide the information below : card type visa [ ] mastercard / eurocard [ ] card number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ / _ _ my signature below will be considered to have been made on the applicable credit card or charge card bill form for the amount indicated for registration to fsmnlp ' 98 workshop . amount to be paid : usd _ _ _ _ name of the card holder : signature of the card holder : please send your registration forms by fax to fsmnlp ' 98 registration c / o kemal oflazer fax no : + 90 + 312-266 4126 or by mail to : fsmnlp ' 98 registration c / o kemal oflazer bilkent university department of computer engineering and info . sci . tr-06533 ankara turkey no electronic submissions will be possible as we have been requested to require signatures for credit card transactions .
 "",0
 2402,""Subject: kornfilt : turkish
  
  jaklin kornfilt ( 1997 ) , turkish . london and new york : routledge . xxxi + 575 pp . 110 , us $ 180 . reviewed by steve seegmiller , montclair state university . jaklin kornfilt 's grammar of turkish ( hereafter referred to as turkish ) is the first new , comprehensive grammar of this language to be published in english in more than two decades . as such , its appearance is a significant event , especially since its author is a well known and respected authority on turkish . this is the latest title in the descriptive grammars series , edited by bernard comrie and published by routledge . the goals of the works in this series are different from those of most grammars : the descriptive grammars are intended for linguists rather than general users . all of the grammars in the series address the same issues in a uniform format so that a given feature may be easily compared across languages , and they contain information of a sort that is often absent from more traditional grammars . toward the end of the review i will comment briefly on the potential utility of this grammar for non-linguists , but for the most part i will focus on usefulness of the grammar for linguists . the descriptive grammars series now includes nearly 30 titles . according to the editorial preface , the series gives preference to languages for which comprehensive descriptions are not presently available ( iv ) . the aim of the series is to provide information to linguists who are interested in language typology , language universals , and comparative grammar , employing a terminology and a notation that will make the information accessible to linguists regardless of their particular specialization or orientation . authors of the grammars in the series are expected to organize their descriptions as answers to a series of questions ( originally published in lingua vol . 42 , no . 1 , 1977 ) . turkish contains over 600 pages , including the prefatory material , the table of contents , and the bibliography . the grammatical description alone amounts to just over 550 pages . it is thus roughly twice as long as lewis ( 1967 ) and about 100 pages longer than underhill ( 1976 ) . the book contains five chapters of widely varying lengths . chapter 1 ( syntax ) contains 211 pages , chapter 2 ( morphology ) 270 pages , chapter 3 ( phonology ) 32 pages , chapter 4 ideophones and interjections ) just 3 pages , and chapter 5 ( lexicon ) 16 pages . thus approximately 90 per cent of the book is devoted to morphology and syntax . furthermore , a good deal of the information in the morphology chapter deals with syntactic matters , giving the book an especially heavy bias toward syntax . . this distribution of information no doubt reflects both the interests of the author and the current emphasis of typological research . the chapters on phonology and the lexicon are both very well done and very useful ( more on this below ) , but they do not address all of the issues that might be of interest to a phonologist or a lexical semanticist . a notable feature of the book is the extensive and detailed table of contents . it is eleven pages long and , used in conjunction with the fourteen-page index , provides easy access to the an extensive body of information about turkish . how well does turkish accomplish its goals ? i think it handles syntax and morphology marvelously well , phonology and the lexicon adequately , and ideophones and interjections in a cursory fashion . the chapters on syntax and morphology provide the best , most detailed descriptions of these parts of the language available . the analyses are up to date and insightful , and kornfilt has done a superb job of bringing clarity to some of the most difficult parts of the language . in concept and terminology , the description straddles the line between generative and traditional or non-generative approaches . for instance , kornfilt uses the terms ' possessive adjective ' ( 105 ) and 'd emonstrative adjective ( 106 ) rather than the more usual ' possessive ' and 'd emonstrative . ' similarly , the descriptions are stated in terms of surface phenomena and grammatical constructions and not in any recognizable theoretical framework . this is probably the right choice , given the diverse backgrounds of the probable users of the grammar . the range of coverage is broad and thorough . kornfilt deals with sentence types , both simple and complex ; with negation and questions ; with grammatical categories and phrase types ; and with most of the other grammatical phenomena that might interest linguists . the morphology chapter contains information not just on inflection and derivation , but also on the uses of the various morphological forms . cross - referencing is extensive , making it easy for the reader to find all of the relevant information on a topic even if it is not found in the same section of the book . this approach of interrelating syntax and morphology is very useful and allows kornfilt to clarify some of the cloudy areas of turkish grammar . perhaps most notable are her treatments of the participial and nominal systems and their relation to subordination ( pp . 323-413 and at various places in chapter 1 ) . finite subordination is rare in turkish . a far more frequent pattern of subordination involves the use of a participial or nominalized verbal stem . the complexity of the system is mind-boggling to students of the language , but kornfilt 's description makes it coherent and intelligible . her treatment of other aspects of turkish morphology and syntax are equally well done . a very useful feature of turkish is the inclusion of information about what does * not * occur in the language . this is often essential information for linguists ( whether studying typology , syntax , or morphology ) and is rarely included in more traditional grammars . thus we find on page 104 the statement that postpostitions govern only one case ( with the lone exception of ' kadar ' ) . in lewis ( 1967 ) , this information can be inferred from the discussion of cases on pages 85-95 , but it is not so easy to find and not so categorically stated . there are many similar examples , especially in the syntax chapter . the chapter on phonology is short , clear , and precise , but it does not contain the amount of detail found in the syntax and morphology chapters . while the information presented will be adequate for many purposes , phonologists will no doubt wish for more elaborate discussions of issues like vowel harmony , stress assignment , and phonological ( or morphophonemic ) alternations . i found one omission in this chapter . on page 491 , the final devoicing rule is described as applying to syllable-final plosives and affricates , yet on page 487 there are examples of final devoicing of liquids as well , described as being standard but not universal . a cross-reference would have been useful here . for the most part , transcriptions in the phonology chapter follow the ipa norms . one exception , though , is the transcription of palatalized consonants by means of a comma rather than a raised j . ' while this may have been done for typographical reasons , it might confuse a casual user . chapter 4 , ideophones and interjections , is only 3 pages long and provides only the briefest commentary on these phenomena . while many linguists ( myself included ) will not mind the short shrift given to these topics , some will no doubt be disappointed that the list of ideophones occupies less than a page and a half . chapter 5 , lexicon , is a short but interesting sample of the lexicon of turkish . the chapter contains lists of words organized by semantic field . these include kinship terminology , color terms , body parts , and cooking terminology . also included is a list of just over 200 items of """" basic vocabulary , """" which seems to correspond to the so-called swadesh list . linguists interested in historical linguistics and language classification will be grateful to find this set of words conveniently collected together . setting aside some minor qualifications , as a reference work on turkish for linguists , turkish has no equal . it is more comprehensive , more up to date , and more effectively organized than any other description of the language . the method of organization , as well as the detailed table of contents and the index , make a wealth of information available almost instantaneously . it is , simply put , an admirable reference work on turkish for linguists . the same can not be said about the utility of turkish for non-linguists . there are two main reasons why the book will not be accessible to non-linguistic audiences . first , kornfilt assumes familiarity with linguistic terminology . in the very first paragraph on page 1 , for example , she uses the terms ' nominalized clause ' and ' constituent clause , ' neither of which is likely to be familiar to non-linguists . second , turkish presupposes an interest in and a knowledge of certain linguistic questions . kornfilt has little to say , for example , about questions of stylistic variation , formal versus colloquial speech , or any of a range of topics that the typical student or scholar of turkish might be interested in . this is not really a criticism , since the descriptive grammar series has a well defined audience that excludes non-linguists . nevertheless , it is unfortunate that the grammar will not be useful to a wider audience . it will supplement but will not replace lewis ( 1976 ) and underhill ( 1976 ) . i have just two complaints about turkish . first , there is a relatively large number of errors and inconsistencies . most are minor and consist of missing ' - s 's on verbs , using ' of ' for ' or , ' etc . , but some will cause confusion . on page 27 , for example , turkish is described as a 's ubject-verb - object language . ' ( it is actually s - o - v . ) a sentence on page 30 , which addresses the of question whether pied-piping of postpositions is obligatory , leaves the reader unsure of the answer . there are also some contradictions . on page 142 , the claim is made that the reflexive can never occur in subject position , but on page 305 we learn that the reflexive can occur as an honorific subject and on page 542 three references are given to works that discuss reflexive subjects in subordinate clauses . other inconsistencies are found in the bibliography , where some turkish titles are translated into english and others are not . the author is aware of some of the errors and has prepared an addendum which contains a short list of errata , but many of the errors that i found are not included . the addendum is available free of charge from the author or the publisher . my other complaint concerns the cost of turkish . at us $ 180 , the grammar is unlikely to find its way into many private libraries . this is unfortunate ; since the book is so useful , linguists interested in turkish will want to have it close at hand . references lewis , g . l . ( 1967 ) , turkish grammar . oxford : oxford university press . underhill , robert ( 1976 ) , turkish grammar . cambridge , ma , and london : mit press . steve seegmiller is interested universal and comparative grammar . he has been working on turkish and the other turkic languages for many years , and published the first grammar in english of the turkic language karachay . he is presently at work on a comparative syntax of english and japanese . steve seegmiller linguistics department montclair state university upper montclair , nj 07043 u . s . a . e - mail : seegmillerm @ alpha . montclair . edu
 "",0
 2403,""Subject: review of perez - leroux & glass ( ed ) contemporary perspectives . . .
  
  ana teresa perez-leroux and william r glass , editors . 1997 . _ contemporary perspectives on the acquisition of spanish _ . volume 1 : developing grammars edited by perez - leroux and glass , 217 + xi pp ( isbn 1-57473 - 016 - 9 ) ; volume 2 : production , processing , and comprehension edited by glass and perez - leroux , 166 + xi pp ( isbn 1-57473 - 017 - 7 ) . cascadilla press , somerville , ma . ( set : isbn 1-57473 - 015 - 0 ) lc : pc4074 . 85 . c66 1997 . reviewed by h . stephen straight , < sstraigh @ binghamton . edu > this two-volume work contains nineteen papers ( seventeen in english , two in spanish ) by an international set of 31 authors ( including eighteen at us universities and five each at universities in spain & canada ) , ranging in length from fifteen to 34 pages . they comprise revised versions of papers delivered at a conference held at pennsylvania state university in october 1995 . with separate sections on child and adult language acquisition ( 5 papers each ) and on second language production ( 5 papers ) and comprehension and input processing ( 4 papers ) , this work provides exactly the current and wide-ranging overview of issues suggested by its title . prominent senior scholars ( such as james p lantolf , james f lee , juana liceras , susana lopez - ornat , barbara lust , and bill vanpatten ) lend the work a rightful air of authority , while numerous junior contributors ( including a dozen phd candidates ) provide a welcome promise of more good work to come . highlights include lopez - ornat 's fascinating case study of the role of spanish - specific morphological patterning in l1 emergence of nominal and verbal forms and functions ( 1 : 3-20 ) , virginia c mueller gathercole & cecilia montes 's paradigm-challenging study of the emergence in bi - and monolingual children of grammaticality judgments regarding the opposing que / * that complementizer patterns in wh-extracted embedded clauses ( 1 : 75-95 ) , christina sanz 's finely nuanced account of the changing role of controlled versus automatized processes in l2 production as a function of performance task variables ( 2 : 41-56 ) , jeffrey reeder 's remarkable findings regarding the dissociation of phonetic perceptual skill and pronunciation accuracy in both beginning and advanced second language learners ( 2 : 77-90 ) , and bill vanpatten 's authoritative overview of his path-breaking research on input processing in second language learning and teaching ( 2 : 93-108 ) . specialist readers will appreciate the currency , range , and depth of the studies presented here . they will also appreciate their overall quality , rare in a collection of conference papers . both volumes contain a comprehensive index of mentioned authors and topics , while notes and full lists of references appear as they should at the end of each paper . advanced students will find the expositions quite uniformly accessible and clear , and the findings well presented and thoroughly discussed . the editors and anonymous reviewers did their jobs well . non - specialist readers will however find these volumes rather heavy going . although all of the papers successfully avoid jargon-mongering , even papers with enticing titles like """" the function of language play in the acquisition of l2 spanish """" ( james p lantolf , 2 : 3-24 ) contain theoretical discussion of great erudition and the analysis of empirical data of considerable complexity . ( lantolf 's 75 - item list of references includes works by vera john - steiner , alexei leontiev , david olson , lev vygotsky , and other important authors usually neglected in l2 research . ) although few readers will find all of the papers of interest , every paper makes a contribution to our understanding of its topic , and taken together these volumes contain something worth the close attention of every conceivable reader in linguistics , developmental and experimental psycholinguistics , and second language theory and pedagogy . given the longstanding facts of 1 ) the prominence of spanish as a national language in the new world , 2 ) the preeminence of spanish as the first language of bilinguals in the us , and 3 ) the ubiquity ( and , more recently , the predominance ) of spanish and english as the languages studied in schools and colleges throughout the americas , spanish language acquisition and spanish - english child and adult bilingualism ought to be among the most common and well-supported areas of basic and applied psycholinguistic research . without going into the cultural , economic , and political factors that have held back such research , and that have pushed the study of spanish - english bilingualism almost entirely into the politically charged domain of ( mostly spanish - subtractive ) """" bilingual education """" , we can be grateful to p&g for bringing together an impressive array of high-quality studies that should stimulate many to pay more attention to these widely available sources of data on critical issues in l1 and l2 acquisition theory and in the psycholinguistics ( as opposed to the sociolinguistics ) of bilingualism . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ h stephen straight ( phd chicago 1972 ) , professor of anthropology and of linguistics , directs the programs in linguistics and in languages across the curriculum at binghamton university ( suny ) , where he has taught since 1970 . his research includes study of yucatec maya l1 acquisition , comparative sociolinguistics , translation theory , l2 pedagogy , multilingual education , and the role of the reception-expression dialectic in models of language and cognitive processes .
 "",0
 2404,""Subject: the evaluation of parsing systems - workshop call for papers
  
  the evaluation of parsing systems a workshop jointly organised by the cec language engineering 1 projects sparkle and ecran to be held at the first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 26 may 1998 this workshop will provide a forum for researchers interested in the development and evaluation of natural language grammars and parsing systems , and in the creation of syntactically annotated reference corpora . organisers : john carroll , roberto basili , nicoletta calzolari , robert gaizauskas , gregory grefenstette workshop scope and aims the aim of this workshop is to provide a forum for discussion of evaluation methods for parsing systems , and proposals for the development of syntactically annotated language resources . with increased attention to evaluation of component technology in language engineering , evaluation of parsing systems is rapidly becoming a key issue . numerous methods have been proposed and while one , the parseval / penn treebank scheme , has gained wide usage , this has to some extent been due to the absence of workable alternatives rather than to whole-hearted support . parseval / ptb evaluation has several limitations and drawbacks , including a commitment to a particular style of grammatical analysis , and oversensitivity to certain innocuous types of misanalysis while failing to penalise other common types of more serious mistake . also , the original published description of the scheme - - and the evaluation software widely distributed as a follow-up to it - - is specific to the english language . it may be that there are currently no alternative more workable schemes or proposals , but this needs to be more fully discussed : this workshop will provide an opportunity for such a debate . this workshop is particularly timely given the large number of cec language engineering projects that involve parsing in one form or another and which need to evaluate and share the results of their efforts . parsing is an essential part of many larger applications , such as information extraction , which have gained in importance over the last few years . often in such systems , the strength of the parser and grammar has a direct effect on the desired results , and thus achieving good results rests on being able to determine and improve weaknesses in the parser / grammar . without a reliable parser evaluation method this cannot be done effectively . a parsing evaluation workshop is also appropriate at this time given the imminent creation of large-scale syntactically annotated resources for european languages . contributions from those involved in such activities are welcomed , so as to improve communication between the resource construction and the resource utilisation communities . this should ensure that the resources constructed are maximally useful to the general language engineering community . the organisation of this workshop brings together two european language engineering projects which are closely related and whose partners share similar research interests : sparkle and ecran . the organisers solicit contributions from the general community on the following topics : - descriptions of generic syntactic annotation schemes - methodologies and metrics for parsing system evaluation - reports and analyses of the results of utilising particular parser evaluation schemes - description / analysis / experience of language-dependent ( especially for languages other than english ) and task-dependent syntactic annotation schemes programme committee roberto basili gregory grefenstette ted briscoe mark hepple nicoletta calzolari tony mcenery john carroll maria teresa pazienza roberta catizone paola velardi robert gaizauskas yorick wilks paper submission papers should not exceed 4000 words or 10 pages . submission may be in either hard copy or electronic form . the submission deadline is february 15th , 1998 . hard copy submission : three copies of the paper should be sent to : dr john carroll cognitive and computing sciences university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh uk electronic submission : electronic submission may be in either self-contained latex , postscript , or rtf formats , to john . carroll @ cogs . susx . ac . uk . for each submission - - whether hard copy or electronic - - a separate plain ascii text email message should be sent to john carroll , containing the following information : # name : name of first author # title : title of the paper # pages : number of pages # note : any relevant instructions # keys : keywords # email : email of the first author # abstr : abstract of the paper . . . . . . important dates paper submission deadline ( hard copy / electronic ) february 15th notification of acceptance march 10th camera - ready papers due april 10th workshop may 26th conference information general information about the conference is at : http : / / www . icp . inpg . fr / elra / conflre . html specific queries about the conference should be directed to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain tel : + 34 58 24 41 00 - fax : + 34 58 24 41 04 reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es
 "",0
 2405,""Subject: language resources and evaluation
  
  = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = call for paper adapting lexical and corpus resources to sublanguages and applications granada may 26 , 1998 this workshop will be held in conjunction with the first international conference on language resources and evaluation ( lrec ) , to be held in granada , spain on may 28 - 30 , 1998 . the workshop will provide a forum for those researchers involved in the development of methods to integrate corpora and mrds , with the aim of adding adaptive capabilities to existing linguistic resources . workshop scope and aims lexicons , i . e . , those components of a nlp system that contain """" computable """" information about words , cannot be considered as static objects . words may behave very differently in different domains , and there are language phenomena that do not generalize across sublanguages . lexicons are a snapshot of a given stage of development of a language , normally providedwithout support for adaptation changes , whether caused by language creativity and development or the shift to such a previously unencountered domain . the divergence of corpus usage 's from lexical norms has been studied computationally at least since the late sixties , but only recently has the availability of large on-line corpora made it possible to establish methods to cope systematically with this problem . an emerging branch of research is now involved in studies and experiments on corpus-driven linguistics , with the aim of complementing and extending earlier work on lexicon acquisition based on machine readable dictionaries ( mrd ) : data are extracted from texts , as embodiments of language in use , so as to capture lexical regularities and to code them into operational forms . the purpose of this workshop will be to provide an updated snapshot of current work in the area , and promote discussion of how to make progress . central topics will be ( though this list is in no way exclusive ) : * corpus-driven tuning of mrds to optimize domain-specific inferences , * terminology and jargon acquisition , * sense extensions , * acquisition of preference or subcategorization information from corpora * taxonomy adaptation , * staistical weighting of senses etc . to domains * use of mrds to provide explanations of linguistic phenomena in corpora * what is the scope of """" lexical tuning """" * the evaluation of lexical tuning as a separate task , or as part of a more generic task organizers : roberto basili ( university of roma """" tor vergata """" ) , roberta catizone ( university of sheffield ) , maria teresa pazienza ( university of roma """" tor vergata """" ) , paola velardi ( university of roma """" la sapienza ) , yorick wilks ( university of sheffield ) preliminary program committee yorick wilks university of sheffield roberta catizone university of sheffield paola velardi university of roma """" la sapienza """" maria teresa pazienza university of roma """" tor vergata """" roberto basili university of roma """" tor vergata """" bran boguraev brandeis university sergei nirenburg new mexico state university james pustejowsky brandeis university ralph grishman new york university christiane fellbaum princeton university paper submission formatting guidelines : papers should not exceed 4000 words or 10 pages . hard copies : three hard copies should be sent to : paola velardi dipartimento di scienza dell ' informazione via salaria 113 00198 roma italy electronic submission : electronic submission will be allowed in poscript or word per mac or rtf . an ftp site will be available on demand . authors should send an info email to paola velardi ( velardi @ dsi . uniroma1 . it ) even if they submit in paper form . an electronic submission should be accompanied by a plain ascii text . # name : name of first author # title : title of the paper # pages : number of pages # files : name of file ( if also submitted electronically ) # note : anything you 'd like to add # keys : keywords # email : email of the first author # abstr : abstract of the paper important dates paper submission deadline ( hard copy / electronic ) february 20 paper notification march 20 camera - ready papers due april 15 l&ct workshop may 26 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = prof . paola velardi dipartimento di scienza dell ' informazione via salaria 113 universita ' """" la sapienza """" 00198 roma ph . + 39 - ( 0 ) 6-49918356 fax + 39 - ( 0 ) 6-8541842 8841964
 "",0
 2406,""Subject: tsd98 - - 3rd call for papers
  
  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - please pay attention : deadline for submissions is may , 15 ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - third announcement and call for papers a workshop on text , speech and dialog ( tsd ' 98 ) brno , czech republic , 23-26 september 1998 the workshop is organized by the faculty of informatics , masaryk university , brno , and the faculty of applied sciences , university of west bohemia , pilsen , under the auspices of the dean of the faculty of informatics of masaryk university . please visit the workshop 's homepage : http : / / www . fi . muni . cz / tsd98 / venue brno , czech republic topics tsd ' 98 will be concerned with topics in the field of natural language processing , in particular : - corpora , texts and transcription - speech analysis , recognition and synthesis - their intertwining within nl dialog systems . topics of the workshop will include ( but are not limited to ) : - text corpora and tagging - transcription problems in spoken corpora - sense disambiguation - links between text and speech oriented systems - parsing issues , especially parsing problems in spoken texts - multilingual issues , especially multilingual dialog systems - information retrieval and text / topic summarization - speech modeling - speech segmentation - speech recognition - text - to-speech synthesis - dialog systems - development of dialog strategies - assistive technologies based on speech and dialog - applied systems and software program committee baudoin genevieve ( france ) ferencz attila ( romania ) hanks patrick ( great britain , chair ) hermansky hynek ( usa ) kopecek ivan ( czech republic ) krishnamurthy ramesh ( great britain ) matousek vaclav ( czech republic ) mueller johannes ( germany ) noeth elmar ( germany ) pala karel ( czech republic ) pavesic nikola ( slovenia ) rubio antonio ( spain ) schukat - talamazzini e . guenter ( germany ) skrelin pavel ( russia ) organizing committee bartek ludek batusek robert komarkova dana ( secretary ) e-mail : dkomar @ fi . muni . cz kopecek ivan ( chair ) e-mail : kopecek @ fi . muni . cz matousek vaclav pala karel smrz pavel staudek jan zackova eva ( principal contact ) e-mail : glum @ fi . muni . cz zizka jan submission of papers abstracts of no more than 500 words [ plain ascii text only , please ] should be submitted to the following e-mail address on or before may 15 , 1998 : glum @ fi . muni . cz submissions should include , in addition to the abstract itself , the name of the author ( s ) , affiliation , address , telephone number , fax number , and e-mail address . electronic submissions will be acknowledged by e-mail , so please contact us if no acknowledgement is received . acceptance of submissions will likewise be notified by e-mail . accepted papers will be published in the proceedings of tsd ' 98 . authors of abstracts that are accepted will be requested to send their papers in postscript form ( in llncs format ) to the above by e-mail before august 17th . latex word processor is preferred but not required . format instructions ( and llncs latex format ) will be sent to authors together with the notification of acceptance . requests for participation will be processed on a """" first come first served """" basis . important dates friday , may 15 , 1998 . . . . . submissions of abstracts due tuesday , june 30 , 1998 . . . . . notification of acceptance sent to the authors monday , august 17 , 1998 . . . . . final papers ( camera ready ) due wednesday , september 23 , 1998 . . . . . . workshop date fees and costs registration fee : 80 . - usd ( includes proceedings , refreshments , social events and trip ) accommodation and food : double room ( shared with other participant ) : 130 . - usd single room : 190 . - usd the full cost of the workshop will therefore be either 210 , - usd or 270 , - usd , depending on whether accommodation is shared . further details will be announced later . official language the official language of the event will be english , but papers on issues relating to text and speech processing in languages other than english are strongly encouraged . address all correspondence regarding the workshop should be addressed to : dana komarkova faculty of informatics masaryk university botanicka 68a 60200 brno czech republic tel . : + 420 5 41 512 359 fax : e-mail : dkomar @ fi . muni . cz outline of the programme all sessions of the workshop will be plenary ( no parallel sessions ) . the format will consist of paper presentations ( generally 20 minutes ) followed by discussion ( 10 minutes ) . the workshop will also include social events , an excursion to the faculty of informatics , masaryk university brno , and a trip in the vicinity of brno ( the moravian karst , including the beautiful macocha chasm ) . location hotel myslivna , where the workshop will take place , is a comfortable hotel in beautiful woods on a hill near a natural reservation area very close to brno . the surrounding is very quiet and suitable for walks and hiking ( jogging ) routes . brno is the capital of moravia , which is in the south-east part of the czech republic . it is the second-largest town in the czech republic ( with a population of about half a million ) . it had been a royal city since 1347 . there are six universities in brno . historical and artistic places of interest include : - - brno castle ( now called spilberk ) - - veveri castle - - the old and new city halls - - the augustine monastery , with st thomas ' church and crypt of moravian margraves - - the church of st james - - the """" bishops ' church """" of st peter & st paul - - the famous villa tugendhadt , designed by mies van der rohe - - many other important examples of czech architecture between the wars ( 1918-38 ) . in the immediate surroundings of brno are the moravian karst . with macocha chasm and punkva caves ; the site of the """" battle of the three emperors """" ( napoleon , alexander of russia , and franz of austria ) , commonly known as the battle of austerlitz ; the chateau of slavkov ( austerlitz ) ; pernstejn castle ; and many other attractions . how to reach brno brno can be reached easily by direct trains from prague , vienna , bratislava , and budapest , or by plane to vienna and then by coach or train ( 130 km ) . another possibility is to go by plane to prague and then travel about 200 km by coach or train . further travel details will be given in future announcements . please accept our apologies if you receive multiple copies of this cfp : it was sent to several mailing-lists .
 "",0
 2407,""Subject: call : nystesol applied linguistics winter conference
  
  first call for proposals ( please forward to interested lists and individuals ) 21st annual nystesol applied linguistics winter conference lehman college / cuny bronx , ny saturday , january 23rd , 1999 esol standards : achievements , assessments - - - - - - - keynote speaker : eric nadelstern of the international h . s . at laguardia community college , queens will talk on """" performance - based assessment standards for esol students and their teachers . """" - - - - - - - proposals due : * * * weds . sept . 23 * * * mail to ms . bhar arsoy , proposal chair fort george station , ps box 251 new york , ny 10040 general suggested topics * academic achievement of esol students in language learning and other content areas * articulation efforts across grades or levels * standards for admission , retention , promotion , and graduation of esol students and their impact at all levels of education * assessment practices , models , and instruments for esol students in language learning and other content areas : analyses , innovations , and critiques * esol teacher education : standards for entrance , retention , promotion , and graduation * using technology to support and assess achievement * achieving and assessing progmatic and sociolinguistic development instructions for proposal submissions : please follow exactly ! individual papers , workshops , and publishers demonstrations are alloted 45 minutes ( publishers and other commercial presenteras are required to pay the exhibitor 's fee ) panel sessions ( several speakers - - one theme ) can be scheduled as either one 45 minute session or one 1 1 / 2 hour session . all presenters must register for the conference . while all presentations will be considered , those which deal directly with the topic will be given preference . 1 . submit 8 copies of a summary of your proposals , maximum length 1 page double spaced . neither your name nor affiliation should appear anywhere on these 8 copies . however , in the upper left hand corner of each copy , you should give the following information : ( 1 ) title , ( 2 ) type of presentation ( paper , workshop , publisher , or panel ) ; ( 3 ) length ( 45 min . or 1 1 / 2 hours ) ; ( 4 ) intended audience ( s ) ( prek , elementary , secondary , adult , higher ed , bilingual , mainstream , teacher educators , materials / curriculum developers , researchers ) ; and ( 5 ) av equipment needed 2 . on a 9th copy ( identical to the copies in # 1 ) , in the upper-right hand corner , place your name , affiliation , mailing address , phone , fax & e-mail , and times you will not be available to present on january 23 ( a . m . or p . m , ) 3 . in addition , submit a 50 word ( max ) abstact of your presentation to appear in the conference program . include the name ( s ) of presenter ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , title and type of presnation , length , and intended audience ( s ) . 4 . absolutely no e-mail or faxes accepted . snail mair only . please ensure that your proposal packet reaches the proposal chair no later than wed . . sept . 23 , 1998 . questions should be addressed to dr . joye smith , alsig chair 718 960 7242 5 . some presentations submitted may look promissing , but the summary and title are occasionally unclear , unattractive to the intended audience or inconsistent with one another . please make every effort to create clear , well-written , engaging , and appropriate titles and summaries . please forward this message to interested lists or individuals michael newman assistant professor of applied linguistics dept . of linguistics and communications disorders queens college / cuny flushing , ny 11367
 "",0
 2408,""Subject: creating sense
  
  * * * second call for papers * * * creating sense : texts and realities organized by the department of english language & literature national university of singapore with cambridge university press and materials development association ( matsda ) 7 - 9 september , 1998 venue : orchard hotel , singapore keynote presenters : david nunan ( university of hong kong ) liz hamp - lyons ( hong kong polytechnic university ) mario rinvolucri ( pilgrims , canterbury ) jane arnold ( university of seville ) our conference web-site : http : / / nusinfo . nus . sg / nusinfo / fass / ell / createsense98 * * * call for papers * * * the conference organisers invite papers , both theoretical and practical , that explore and characterise some of the main ways in which language is used to create """" sense """" in contemporary life . we encourage papers that present recent developments and address significant theoretical issues in studies of language and discourse , and that explore ideas and applications in the broad domains of language education and media studies . parallel papers will last for 30 minutes , with 10 additional minutes for discussion . * * * call for workshops * * * the organisers invite proposals for 3 - hour afternoon workshop sessions , from intending conference participants ( not only paper presenters ) who are willing to take on the role of workshop leader . the main aim of workshops is to provide participants with opportunities to become actively involved in developing , adapting or evaluating educational materials in language education and media studies , on topics related to the major theoretical issues arising from the conference theme . workshops can be planned for 3 , 6 , or 9 hours . please send abstracts of about 200 words to the programme committee , in accordance with the guidelines that follow . write or ( preferably ) e-mail to : programme committee ( attention : d . allison ) """" creating sense """" conference department of english language & literature national university of singapore 10 kent ridge crescent singapore 119260 departmental fax : ( 65 ) - 7732981 e - mail : ellconlk @ nus . edu . sg guidelines for submissions : your abstract must specify the category ( paper or workshop ) of the proposed presentation . please submit three anonymous copies of the abstract ( including the title of your paper or workshop ) for review purposes , plus a fourth copy that includes the author 's name and affiliation . please also include a notecard ( size 3 """" by 5 """" ) , stating author 's name , affiliation , title of paper or workshop , contact telephone and fax numbers , e-mail address , and postal address . paper presenters are asked to specify any special requirements for their presentation . ( all rooms will have overhead projectors . ) workshop presenters are asked to specify the intended length of the workshop ( a workshop may run for 3 , 6 or 9 hours ) and to specify any special requirements for their workshop session . deadline for abstracts : 15 may 1998 replies will be sent by end may 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - conference theme - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the focus of this conference will be on notions of """" creating """" or """" making """" sense , both in education and more widely throughout society . """" making sense """" sounds reassuringly uncontroversial , and it has taken the insights of jerome bruner in the 1960s , and of michael halliday and his associates in recent years , to bring out the richness of meaning that this expression can carry . it is now widely accepted that sense is not simply """" there """" in the world , waiting to be discovered and documented , but that it is actually created by human beings in societies . the idea that """" reality """" is """" created """" in language also implies that there must be more than one reality , and that a number of realities can be articulated and compared . these possibilities carry major implications for language education , social identity and participation - - or , less reassuringly , for educational and social exclusion . the thematic emphasis of this conference on """" creating sense """" , then , includes the essential notions that any single form of sense can also be questioned and """" unmade """" , and that alternative kinds of sense can be remade or """" re-created """" through texts . making , unmaking and remaking meanings are fundamental aspects of social and educational experience , from infancy through primary and secondary school years and beyond , continuing into adulthood and maturity . much education has to do with learning to think , talk and write about things in ways that differ from the initial """" commonsense """" knowledge or belief that children have already acquired in their communities . to bring this about without undermining what is valid and valued in children 's lives is an enormously challenging and problematic social and cultural activity . that it is also a necessary one can be argued both in terms of mainstream rationality ( the development of scientific thinking being a prime example here ) and of critical awareness , which includes learning to deconstruct powerful people 's accounts of how the world is and ought to be , and to propose alternative accounts . full participation in social and political life is only possible when people have learned , as ronald carter has put it , how to """" see through language """" . these concerns over creating , questioning and re-creating sense are explored in this conference in relation to two domains , those of language education and media studies . in the context of formal education , learners have both to discern meaning in what is offered to them and actively to make """" their own """" meanings as they interpret and analyse experience from a variety of perspectives which may be proposed to them or discovered by them . all this raises important issues of participation and exclusion relating to learners ' personal and social explorations of language , and the ways in which these two modes of exploration may be related . the conference will pursue these concerns in the broad context of language education as its first domain . the second conference domain is that of media studies , with particular attention to media discourse and reality construction . the conference seeks to bring to light some of the ways in which realities , like stories , are invented , told , represented and mediated through available technologies . diverse experiences and accounts of reality are constructed through the interplay of language and image . these can , for instance , be presented as fantasies , fictional explorations of experience , docu-dramas or documentary coverage of events , among other things . the impact of such accounts on audiences and """" the public """" depends on many social , cultural and educational factors , but the need for modern citizens to be able to make their own sense of accounts that are offered to them , and also to offer accounts of their own , increasingly appears fundamental to effective social participation as well as to social critique . the conference looks to stimulate debate that is grounded in - - - or informedly set against - - - current theories , practices and findings of teaching and research communities in language and communication studies . another main aim is to suggest guidelines for informed , responsible and reflective practice in the domains of language education and media studies . a theme of particular interest , to be developed especially in workshop mode , is that of materials writing for educational purposes in both conference domains .
 "",0
 2409,""Subject: nlp + ia ' 98 on all aspects of nlp
  
  a number of colleagues have been wondering if nlp + ia ' 98 is mainly about language learning & teaching . the answer is no ! call is getting a special attention not the exclusivity . all aspects of nlp are welcome ! 400 word abstract submissions may 5th 1998 . notification : june 15 , 1998 camera - ready of full papers : august 1st , 1998 chadia moghrabi call for papers & exhibits = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = appel aux communications & expositions = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = international conference on natural language processing and industrial applications nlp + ia 98 > > > special accent on computer assisted language learning < < < conference internationale sur le traitement automatique des langues et ses applications industrielles tal + ai 98 > > > attention speciale portee a l ' enseignement de la langue < < < august / aout 18 - 21 , 1998 moncton , new - brunswick , canada come to canada this summer . . . iwnlg august 5 - 7 in niagara - on-the - lake coling - acl & workshops august 10-16 in montreal nlp + ia / call august 18-21 in moncton topics of interest : the nlp study group ( gretal ) at l ' universite de moncton is organizing its second international conference on nlp and industrial applications . this year a special attention is given to computer assisted language learning & teaching . papers are invited on all aspects of natural language processing , including , but not limited to , * computer assisted language learning & teaching , * natural language understanding and generation of textual , spoken and hand-written language , * natural language interfaces to databases , expert systems , or industrial applications * machine translation , computer aided translation , translation aids , * syntax , semantics , pragmatics , lexicon , morphology , * dictionaries , corpora , & other language resources * multimodality * multilinguality * nlp industrial applications * papers of every kind that can help bridge the gap between the theory and practice of nlp in general and language learning in particular . language : authors are invited to submit preliminary versions of their papers not exceeding 400 words ( exclusive of references ) either in english or in french , the two official languages of the conference . proceedings would be published in the language of the submitted texts . final versions would be around 7 - 8 pages . submission : 1 ) the first page should be an identification page containing the title , the authors ' names , affiliations , addresses , a five ( 5 ) keyword list specifying the subject area , a five ( 5 ) line summary , and the name and address of the contact person . title / titre : authors info / auteurs et infos : keywords / mots clefs : summary / resume : contact person / personne contact : 2 ) abstracts should not exceed 400 words in length excluding references ( 12 pt , times roman , 1 inch margins ( 2 , 5 cm ) all around ; if using a4 please keep text within 19cm x 25 , 5 cm ) . 3 ) the identification page and the abstract should be submitted in 4 hard copies ( 12 pt , times roman , 1 inch margins ( 2 , 5 cm ) all around ; if using a4 please keep text within 19 cm x 25 , 5 cm ) to : nlp + ia 98 / tal + ai 98 pr . chadia moghrabi geta , clips , imag 385 rue de la bibliotheque bp 53 x 38041 grenoble cedex 9 france phone : + 33 4 76 51 4369 fax : + 33 4 76 51 4405 e - mail : nlp + ia-98 @ imag . fr 4 ) the identification page should also be e-mailed in plain text . refereeing : all submissions shall be refereed by three members of the program committee . international program committee : anne de roeck ( essex , uk ) arnold smith ( nrc , canada ) chadia moghrabi ( moncton , canada ) christian boitet ( geta , grenoble , france ) chrysanne dimarco ( logos , waterloo , canada ) eric wehrli ( geneva , switzerland ) eva hajicova ( charles u . , prague ) genvieve caelen - haumont ( geod , grenoble , france ) graeme hirst ( toronto , canada ) harry bunt ( tilburg , netherlands ) henry hamburger ( george mason , usa ) howard hamilton ( regina , canada ) jean - pierre chanod ( xerox , france ) johanna moore ( pennsylvania , usa ) john hutchins ( east anglia , uk ) john tait ( sunderland , uk ) junichi tsujii ( umist & tokyo , japan ) kathleen mccoy ( delaware , usa ) margaret king ( issco , switzerland ) manfred stede ( tu - berlin , germany ) marcel cori ( paris-7 , france ) mark seligman ( geta-clips & red pepper , usa ) michael levison ( queens , canada ) nicoletta calzolari ( ilc / cnr , pisa , italy ) pierre isabelle ( rali , montreal , canada ) pierrette bouillon ( geneva , switzerland ) paul tarau ( moncton , canada ) remi chadel ( inxight , xerox , france ) roberto basili ( roma , italy ) ruddy lelouche ( laval , canada ) susan armstrong ( issco , geneva , switzerland ) thierry chanier ( franche - comte , france ) thierry van steenberghe ( louvain - la - neuve , belgium ) veronica dahl ( simon fraser , canada ) yael ravin ( ibm , usa ) yorick wilks ( sheffield , uk ) schedule : submissions are due now on may 5th 1998 . notification of receipt will be mailed to the contact person soon after receipt . authors will be notified of acceptance by 15 june 1998 . camera - ready copies of final full papers must be received by the 1st of august 1998 along with registration fees . participants are also requested to indicate their intention to participate in the conference as soon as possible to the same e-mail address with the single word intention in the subject line . exhibits : anyone wishing to arrange an exhibit or present a demonstration should send a brief electronic description along with a specification of physical requirements ( table size , power , telephone connections , number of chairs , etc . ) to the same address with the single word exhibit in the subject line . other activities : accompanying persons can enjoy the lovely outdoor living in new - brunswick and visit the highest tides in the world . moncton is only 20km away from the sandy beaches of shediac , la capitale mondiale du homard . conference organization : the conference is organized by gretal , groupe d ' etude sur le traitement automatique des langues at the universite ' de moncton in cooperation with geta-clips at l ' universite ' joseph fourier in grenoble . the members of the organizing committee are : chadia moghrabi , professor of computer science , conference chair jalal almhana , director & professor of computer science julien chiasson , professor of computer science sadek eid , professor of industrial engineering , director manufacturing technology centre boubaker meddeb - hamrouni , researcher geta & winsoft paul tarau , professor of computer science
 "",0
 2410,""Subject: conference on catalan studies ( linguistic section )
  
  fifteenth german conference on catalan studies university of freiburg im breisgau october 2 - october 4 , 1998 provisional program of the linguistic section the linguistic sections of the 15th german conference on catalan studies ( 15 . deutscher katalanistentag / xv col . loqui germano - catala ) , organized by the department of romance languages of freiburg university and the german association of catalan studies ( deutscher katalanistenverband / associacio germano - catalana ) and to be held on the premises of freiburg 's albert - ludwigs - university , will include the following papers on linguistic , sociolinguistic and translation topics : * heiner boehmer ( wiesbaden ) : """" alguns reflexos de contactes interculturals europeus en les etimologies de joan coromines """" * vicent cabanes fitor ( alcoi ) : """" varietats diatopiques en la traduccio catalana de la vita christi de st . joan bonaventura de 1522 """" * jaume corbera / brauli montoya ( palma de mallorca ) : """" la utilitat dels enregistraments audiovisuals per a l ' estudi del llenguatge no verbal """" * annette endruschat ( leipzig ) : """" funktionen und verwendung der katalanischen praeposition amb im vergleich mit den komitativen praepositionen in anderen romanischen sprachen """" * gottfried ernst ( freiburg i . br . ) : """" die neue katalanische sprachgesetzgebung und ihr quebecker vorbild """" * cristina gelpi-arroyo ( barcelona ) : """" la lexicografia bilingue catala-alemany , alemany-catala : proposta d ' avaluacio """" * thomas gergen ( poitiers / saarbruecken ) : """" pau e treva in den usatges de barcelona """" * ulrich gierth ( kehl ) : """" anmerkungen zu einigen vogelnamen in den woerterbuechern """" * josep r . guzman pitarch ( castello de la plana ) : """" modalitat i traduccio : particules modals i traduccions al catala de das fraeulein von scuderi """" * brenda laca ( strasbourg ) : """" les perifrasis catalanes """" * birgit lotz ( frankfurt am main ) : """" katalanischlernen im internet """" * joan - antoni mesquida cantallops ( palma de mallorca ) : """" el llenguatge cientific i tecnic en catala al segle xvii """" * christian muench ( munich ) : """" normalitzacio linguistica : einige bemerkungen aus der sicht der schreibforschung """" * constanze noufal ( tuebingen ) : """" diachronische betrachtungen der kenntnis der katalanischen sprache in catalunya nord """" * adolf piquer / birte ulig ( salamanca ) : """" sobre els marcadors discursius en el relat : una aproximacio contrastiva catala / alemany """" * artur quintana ( heidelberg / speyer ) : """" manuel sanchis guarner i la descoberta del carxe """" * carsten sinner ( potsdam / mallorca ) : """" mallorquinisch : ein unbekannter dialekt ? - ueber die mallorquinischkenntnisse der katalanen """" * joan m . vallve ( brussel / barcelona ) : """" la llengua a les institucions de la unio europea """" * antonio vano-cerda ( palma de mallorca ) : """" untersuchungen zum themenkomplex von ser und estar im katalanischen """" in order to get a complete program of the conference , including abstracts of the above mentioned papers , a list of papers on literature topics , plenary speeches and round tables , general information and a registration form , please write to : * albert - ludwigs - universitaet , romanisches seminar / lektorat fuer katalanisch , werthmannplatz 3 , d-79085 freiburg im breisgau ( germany ) , fax + 49 / 76 61 / 63 10 , e-mail : pusch @ uni-freiburg . de or have a look at the following url : http : / / www . uni-muenster . de / romanistik / dkv / colloqui . htm claus d . pusch * * * * * * * * * * * * * * albert - ludwigs - universitaet freiburg romanisches seminar werthmannplatz 3 - d-79085 freiburg i . br . ( germany ) tel . ( + 49 ) 0761-203 - 3172 - fax ( + 49 ) 0761-203 - 3195 http : / / omnibus . uni-freiburg . de / ~ pusch /
 "",0
 2411,""Subject: translation
  
  translation into the second language stuart campbell paper 0 582 30188 2 224 pages 1998 applied linguistics and language study series longman the dynamics of immigration , international commerce and the postcolonial world make it inevitable that much translation is done into a second language , despite the prevailing wisdom that translators should only work into their mother tongue . this book is the first study to explore the phenomenon of translation into a second language in a way that will interest applied linguists , translators and translation teachers , and esol teachers working with advanced level students . rather than seeing translation into a second language as deficient output , this study adopts an interlanguage framework to consider l2 translation as the product of developing competence ; learning to translate is seen as a special variety of second language acquisition . through carefully worked case studies , separate components of translation competence are identified , among them the ability to create stylistically authentic texts in english , the ability to monitor and edit output , and the psychological attitudes that the translator brings to the task . while the case studies mainly deal with arabic speakers undergoing translator training in australia , the conclusions will have implications for translation into a second language , especially english , around the world . ' translation into the second language ' is firmly grounded in empirical research , and in this regard it serves as a stimulus and a methodological guide for further research . it will be a valuable addition for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of applied linguistics , translation theory , bilingualism and second language acquisition as well as those involved in teaching or practising translation at a professional level . stuart campbell associate professor in language studies , and director of the language acquisition research centre at the university of western sydney macarthur . further information on the books published in this series , and the table of contents for this title can be viewed at the longman linguistics on-line catalogue at : http : / / www . awl-he . com / linguistics for a complete listing of our world-wide offices , please click below : http : / / www . awl-he . com / offices available for review
 "",0
 2412,""Subject: 8th seals , kuala lumpur , programme
  
  universiti kebangsaan malaysia south east asian linguistics society eighth annual meeting of the south east asian linguistics society 20 , 21 and 22 july 1998 brisdale value inn , 65 jalan haji hussein , 50300 kuala lumpur , malaysia for additional information , please contact david gil jabatan audiologi dan sains pertuturan fakulti sains kesihatan bersekutu universiti kebangsaan malaysia jln raja muda abdul aziz kuala lumpur , 50300 , malaysia telephone / facsimile : 60 - 3-291 - 4230 email : dgil @ copland . udel . edu programme monday , 20 july 0800 - 0850 registration 0850 - 0900 opening session 1 malay grammar 0900 - 0930 interrogatives in the malay classical text of sejarah melayu rogayah a . razak universiti malaya , kuala lumpur , malaysia 0930 - 1000 on valence relations in malay verbal prefixation jyh wee sew university of otago , dunedin , new zealand 1000 - 1030 the accessibility hierarchy revisited : the syntax and semantics of resumptive pronouns in malay patrick a . schindler universitat tubingen , tubingen , germany 1030 - 1100 refreshments session 2 malay discourse and pragmatics 1100 - 1130 taboo in malay : a relevance theoretic approach nor hashimah jalaluddin universiti kebangsaan malaysia , bangi , malaysia 1130 - 1200 a comparison of topic selection and organisation and discourse strategies employed in the malay news broadcasts of four countries gloria r . poedjosoedarmo nanyang technological university , singapore 1200 - 1230 prosody and the segmentation of malay discourse zuraidah mohd don universiti malaya , kuala lumpur , malaysia 1230 - 1400 lunch session 3 malay phonology 1400 - 1430 word stress in malay janet y . yong universiti malaya , kuala lumpur , malaysia 1430 - 1500 the syllabification of high vowels in malay : a constraint - based analysis zaharani ahmad universiti kebangsaan malaysia , bangi , malaysia 1500 - 1530 fusion and alignment in malay ann delilkan new york university , new york , usa 1530 - 1600 refreshments session 4 malay psycholinguistics and malay dialects 1600 - 1630 the acquisition of long distance wh questions in singaporean malay norhaida aman and gabriella hermon university of delaware , newark , usa 1630 - 1700 morphological structure of bahasa melayu : psycholinguistic analyses of rated familiarity lee lay choo , susan j . rickard liow , and wee may ling olivia national university of singapore , singapore 1700 - 1730 malayic variants in southwestern borneo : gerai and sepotong jim collins universiti kebangsaan malaysia , bangi , malaysia 1730 - 1800 kuala lumpur malay as a mainland southeast asian language david gil universiti kebangsaan malaysia , kuala lumpur , malaysia and university of delaware , newark , usa 1930 - dinner tuesday , 21 july session 5 malay , thai and vietnamese grammar 0830 - 0900 kata majmuk dalam bahasa melayu dan bahasa thai suatu analisis perbandingan morfologi sumalee nimmanupap ramkhamhaeng university , bangkok , thailand 0900 - 0930 grammaticalization of deverbal markers in thai : toward a crosslinguistic study in semantic extension of path verbs ruetaivan kessakul and toshio ohori university of tokyo , tokyo , japan 0930 - 1000 a typological and semantic analysis of the relationship between causatives and passives in the periphrastic ' give ' constructions of some east and southeast asian languages yap foong ha and shoichi iwasaki ucla , los angeles , usa 1000 - 1030 refreshments session 6 mon - khmer 1030 - 1100 aslian and the other branches of mon - khmer gerard diffloth nongkhai , thailand 1100 - 1130 reduplication in m ' nong language dinh le thu vietnam national university , ho chi minh city , vietnam 1130 - 1200 tai and vietnamese irrigated rice technology and culture : a preliminary comparative linguistics study of borrowing john hartmann northern illinois university , de kalb , usa 1200 - 1230 some remarks on the thai word """" na """" in the muong languages in hoa binh tran tri doi vietnam national university , hanoi , vietnam 1230 - 1400 lunch session 7 vietnamese and languages of vietnam 1400 - 1430 a comparison of some old thai orthographies in west nghe an , vietnam tran tri doi vietnam national university , hanoi , vietnam 1430 - 1500 a unified analysis of some vietnamese reduplication patterns sonny x . vu massachusetts institute of technology , cambridge , usa 1500 - 1530 the ' softeners ' in some modal structures in vietnamese when teaching overseas students nguyen thien nam vietnam national university , hanoi , vietnam 1530 - 1600 notes on the nghe an dialect of central vietnam mark j . alves and nguyen duy huong university of hawai ' i , honolulu , usa and institute of linguistics in hanoi , hanoi , vietnam 1600 - 1630 refreshments session 8 tibeto - burman 1630 - 1700 nominal auxiliaries in lai george bedell international christian university , tokyo , japan 1700 - 1730 the phonology and syntax of mizo language s . l . chhangte government college , serchhip , india 1730 - 1800 is chakma language facing extinction ? s . ganguly north - eastern hill university , tura , india 1930 - dinner wednesday , 22 july session 9 austro - tai , austronesian , and malayo - polynesian 0830 - 0900 evolution of the scale of notation in the austronesian languages h . m . zarbaliyev baku institute of public administration and political sciences , baku , azerbaijan 0900 - 0930 demonstratives in proto - malayo - polynesian and proto - austronesian joseph c . finney monterey , usa 0930 - 1000 a western malayo - polynesian metaphor bernd nothofer universitat frankfurt , frankfurt , germany 1000 - 1030 pl , pr > t ? a note on benedict 's ' austro - tai ' walter schuhmacher roskilde technical college , gadstrup , denmark 1030 - 1100 refreshments session 10 peranakan languages 1100 - 1130 malay lexicalised items in penang peranakan hokkien teo boon seong and lim beng soon national university of singapore , singapore 1130 - 1200 socio - phonology : the case of the language of the peranakan chinese of kelantan , malaysia teo kok seong universiti kebangsaan malaysia , bangi , malaysia 1200 - 1230 business meeting 1230 - 1400 lunch session 11 austronesian categories ; philippine dictionaries 1400 - 1430 problems in tagalog morphological categorisation carl rubino australian national university , canberra , australia 1430 - 1500 are there ' precategorial ' morphemes in austronesian languages ? adrian clynes universiti brunei darussalam , brunei darussalam 1500 - 1530 lsp and the need for monolingual dictionaries gunter schaarschmidt university of victoria , victoria , canada 1530 - 1600 concordances in the study of english and philippine languages curtis d . mcfarland waseda university , chiba - shi , japan 1600 - 1630 refreshments session 12 austronesian languages of borneo , sulawesi and vietnam 1630 - 1700 lexical decomposition and locative predicates in bonggi michael boutin institut linguistik sil , kota kinabalu , malaysia 1700 - 1730 ' case ' particles in bolaang mongondow : towards an unitary account ruben stoel leiden university , leiden , the netherlands 1730 - 1800 the development of contrastive accent in makassarese uri tadmor university of hawai ' i , honolulu , usa 1800 - 1830 the direction of monosyllabicity in the language of raglai nguyen van hue vietnam university , ho chi minh city , vietnam 1930 - dinner
 "",0
 2413,""Subject: icgi-98
  
  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for participation fourth international colloquium on grammatical inference ( icgi-98 ) http : / / www . cs . iastate . edu / ~ icgi98 / icgi98 . html program co - chairs : vasant honavar and giora slutzki iowa state university july 12-14 , 1998 iowa state university ames , iowa , usa . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cosponsored by international institute of theoretical and applied physics iowa state university and in cooperation with american association for artificial intelligence ieee systems , man , and cybernetics society acl special interest group on natural language learning - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - grammatical inference , variously refered to as automata induction , grammar induction , and automatic language acquisition , refers to the process of learning of grammars and languages from data . machine learning of grammars finds a variety of applications in syntactic pattern recognition , adaptive intelligent agents , diagnosis , computational biology , systems modelling , prediction , natural language acquisition , data mining and knowledge discovery . traditionally , grammatical inference has been studied by researchers in several research communities including : information theory , formal languages , automata theory , language acquisition , computational linguistics , machine learning , pattern recognition , computational learning theory , neural networks , etc . perhaps one of the first attempts to bring together researchers working on grammatical inference for an interdisciplinary exchange of research results took place under the aegis of the first colloquium on grammatical inference held at the university of essex in united kingdom in april 1993 . this was followed by the ( second ) international colloquium on grammatical inference , held at alicante in spain , the proceedings of which were published by springer - verlag as volume 862 of the lectures notes in artificial intelligence , and the third international colloquium on grammatical inference , held at montpellier in france , the proceedings of which were published by springer - verlag as volume 1147 of the lecture notes in artificial intelligence . following the success of these events and the workshop on automata induction , grammatical inference , and language acquisition , held in conjunction with the international conference on machine learning at nashville in united states in july 1997 , the fourth international colloquium on grammatical inference will be held from july 12 through july 14 , 1998 , at iowa state university in united states . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the conference seeks to provide a forum for presentation and discussion of original research papers on all aspects of grammatical inference including , but not limited to : * different models of grammar induction : e . g . , learning from examples , learning using examples and queries , incremental versus non-incremental learning , distribution-free models of learning , learning under various distributional assumptions ( e . g . , simple distributions ) , impossibility results , complexity results , characterizations of representational and search biases of grammar induction algorithms . * algorithms for induction of different classes of languages and automata : e . g . , regular , context-free , and context-sensitive languages , interesting subsets of the above under additional syntactic constraints , tree and graph grammars , picture grammars , multi-dimensional grammars , attributed grammars , parameterized models , etc . * theoretical and experimental analysis of different approaches to grammar induction including artificial neural networks , statistical methods , symbolic methods , information-theoretic approaches , minimum description length , and complexity-theoretic approaches , heuristic methods , etc . * broader perspectives on grammar induction - - e . g . , acquisition of grammar in conjunction with language semantics , semantic constraints on grammars , language acquisition by situated agents and robots , acquisition of language constructs that describe objects and events in space and time , developmental and evolutionary constraints on language acquisition , etc . * demonstrated or potential applications of grammar induction in natural language acquisition , computational biology , structural pattern recognition , information retrieval , text processing , adaptive intelligent agents , systems modelling and control , and other domains . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - invited papers 1 . j . feldman , international computer science institute and university of california , berkeley , ca , usa . topic : natural language acquisition ( exact title to be announced ) . 2 . a . brazma , european bioinformatics institute , cambridge . topic : pattern discovery in biosequences . ( exact title to be announced ) . list of accepted papers 1 . stochastic regular tree language inference , rafael c . carrasco , jose oncina and jorge calera 2 . the data driven approach applied to the ostia algorithm , jose oncina 3 . approximate learning of random subsequential transducers , antonio castellanos 4 . how considering incompatible state mergings may reduce the dfa induction search tree , francois coste and jacques nicolas 5 . learning regular grammars to model musical style : comparing different coding schemes , p . p . cruz - alcazar and e . vidal - ruiz 6 . using symbol clustering to improve probabilistic automaton inference , pierre dupont and lin chase 7 . learning a subclass of context - free languages j . emerald , k . subramanian , and d . thomas 8 . learning a determinisitic finite automaton with a recurrent neural network , l firoiu , t oates , and p r cohen 9 . learning feature - based phrase - structure rules with the grammar inference tool , b . geistert 10 . learning stochastic finite automata from experts , colin de la higuera . 11 . a stochastic search approach to grammar induction hugues juille and jordan pollack 12 . grammar model and grammar induction in the system nl page , keselj 13 . results of the abbadingo one dfa learning competition and a new evidence driven state merging algorithm k . j . lang , b . a . pearlmutter and r . price 14 . transducer - learning experiments on language understanding pics and e . vidal 15 . learning k-variable pattern languages efficiently stochastically finite on average from positive data peter rossmanith and thomas zeugmann 16 . locally threshold testable languages in strict sense : application to the inference problem , jose ruiz , salvador espana , and pedro garcia 17 . grammatical inference in document recognition , saidi , tayeb - bey 18 . learning a subclass of linear languages from positive structural information , jose sempere and g . nagaraja 19 . why meaning helps learning syntax , isabelle tellier 20 . a performance evaluation of automatic survey classifiers , viechnicki 21 . applying grammatical inference by learning a language model for oral dialogue jacques chodorowski and laurent miclet 22 . a polynomial time incremental algorithm for learning dfa , r . parekh , c . nichitu , v . honavar - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - conference format and proceedings the conference will include oral and possibly poster presentations of accepted papers , a small number of tutorials and invited talks . all accepted papers will appear in the conference proceedings to be published by springer - verlag as a volume in the lecture notes in artificial intelligence which is part of the springer - verlag lecture notes in computer science series . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - financial support limited financial support might be available , subject to the availability of funds , for : * scientists ( especially junior researchers ) from developing countries , especially for those who can find other sources of support for extended visit at a us institution * graduate students and postdocs from us institutions additional details will be posted as they become available . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration information early registration deadline : may 21 , 1998 . presenting authors of accepted papers should register by may 11 , 1998 . registration fees : the conference registration includes the conference proceedings and the banquet ( on monday , july 13 , 1998 ) . * author / conference attendee o by may 21 , 1998 : us $ 200 o after may 21 , 1998 : us $ 250 * full - time student o by may 21 , 1998 : us $ 100 o after may 21 , 1998 : us $ 150 * airport shuttle : us $ 15 ( one way ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - program committee technical program chairs : vasant honavar and giora slutzki , iowa state university , usa . technical program committee : r . berwick , mit , usa a . brazma , european bioinformatics institute , cambridge , uk . m . brent , johns hopkins university , usa c . cardie , cornell university , usa w . daelemans , tilburg university , netherlands d . dowe , monash university , australia p . dupont , university jean monnet at st . etienne , france . d . estival , university of melbourne , australia j . feldman , international computer science institute , berkeley , usa l . giles , nec research institute , princeton , usa j . gregor , university of tennessee , usa c . de la higuera , university jean monnet at st . etienne , france a . itai , technion , israel t . knuutila , university of turku , finland j . koza , stanford university , usa k . lang , nec research institute , princeton , usa . m . li , university of waterloo , canada e . makinen , university of tampere , finland l . miclet , enssat , lannion , france . g . nagaraja , indian institute of technology , bombay , india h . ney , university of technology , aachen , germany j . nicolas , irisa , france r . parekh , allstate research and planning center , menlo park , usa l . pitt , university of illinois at urbana - champaign , usa d . powers , flinders university , australia l . reeker , national science foundation , usa y . sakakibara , tokyo denki university , japan . c . samuelsson , lucent technologies , usa a . sharma , university of new south wales , australia . e . vidal , u . politecnica de valencia , spain - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - local arrangements committee dale grosvenor , iowa state university , usa . k . balakrishnan , iowa state university , usa . r . bhatt , iowa state university , usa j . yang , iowa state university , usa . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - further details are available at : http : / / www . cs . iastate . edu / ~ icgi98 / icgi98 . html
 "",0
 2414,""Subject: acm sac ' 99 - track on coordination
  
  preliminary call for papers and referees = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ( apologies if you receive multiple copies ) 1999 acm symposium on applied computing ( sac ' 99 ) special track on coordination models , languages and applications february 28 - march 2 , 1999 the menger , san antonio , texas , u . s . a . ( http : / / www . ucy . ac . cy / ucy / cs / sac99 . html ) sac ' 99 : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ over the past thirteen years , the acm symposium on applied computing ( sac ) has become a primary forum for applied computer scientists and application developers from around the world to interact and present their work . sac ' 99 is sponsored by the acm special interest groups sigada , sigapp , sigbio , and sigcue . authors are invited to contribute original papers in all areas of experimental computing and application development for the technical sessions . there will be a number of special tracks on such issues as programming languages , parallel and distributed computing , mobile and scientific computing , internet and the www , etc . coordination models , languages and applications track : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a new special track on coordination models , languages and applications will be held at sac ' 99 . the term """" coordination """" here is used in a rather broad sense covering traditional models and languages ( e . g . ones based on the shared dataspace and cham metaphors ) but also other related formalisms such as configuration and architectural description frameworks , systems modeling abstractions and languages , programming skeletons , etc . this track on coordination is held for the second time as part of acm sac 's events . the cfp for the acm sac ' 98 track attracted 33 submissions from 18 countries ; 8 of those submissions were accepted as regular papers and 4 more as short papers . major topics of interest include but are not limited to the following : * novel models , languages , programming and implementation techniques . * relationship with other computational models such as object oriented , declarative ( functional , logic , constraint ) programming or extensions of them with coordination capabilities . * applications ( especially where the industry is involved ) . * theoretical aspects ( semantics , reasoning , verification ) . * software architectures and software engineering techniques . * middleware platforms ( e . g . corba ) . * all aspects related to the modeling of information systems ( groupware , internet and the web , workflow management , cscw ) . track program chair : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ george a . papadopoulos department of computer science university of cyprus 75 kallipoleos str . , p . o . b . 537 cy-1678 , nicosia , cyprus e - mail : george @ cs . ucy . ac . cy tel : + 357 2 338705 / 06 , fax : + 357 2 339062 guidelines for submission : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ original papers from the above-mentioned or other related areas will be considered . this includes three categories of submissions : 1 ) original and unpublished research ; 2 ) reports of innovative computing applications in the arts , sciences , engineering , business , government , education and industry ; and 3 ) reports of successful technology transfer to new problem domains . each submitted paper will be fully refereed and undergo a blind review process by at least three referees . the accepted papers in all categories will be published in the acm sac ' 99 proceedings . there will also be a special issue of the journal of programming languages , chapman & hall ( http : / / www . chapmanhall . com / jp / default . html ) with expanded versions of selected papers from those that will be accepted for this special track as regular papers . submission guidelines must be strictly followed : * submit six ( 6 ) copies of original manuscripts to the sac ' 99 coordination models , languages and applications track program chair ( address shown above ) . alternatively , submit your paper electronically in uuencoded compressed postscript format ; this is strongly encouraged . fax submissions will not be accepted . * the author ( s ) name ( s ) and address ( es ) must not appear in the body of the paper , and self-reference should be in the third person . this is to facilitate blind review . * the body of the paper should not exceed 5 , 000 words ( approximately 15 pages , double-spaced ) . * a separate cover sheet ( in the case of electronic submission this should be sent separately from the main paper ) should show the title of the paper , the author ( s ) name ( s ) and affiliation ( s ) , and the address ( including e-mail , telephone , and fax ) to which correspondence should be sent . * all submissions must be received by august 17 , 1998 . anyone wishing to review papers for this special track should contact the track program chair at the address shown above . important dates : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * august 17 , 1998 : paper submission . * october 15 , 1998 : author notification . * december 1 , 1998 : camera - ready copy .
 "",0
 2415,""Subject: vilem mathesius lecture series 13 - prague , nov . 98
  
  the vilem mathesius centre for research and education in semiotics and linguistics presents the vilem mathesius lecture series 13 november 9 - - 20 , 1998 prague , czech republic call for participation & call for grant applications the thirteenth cycle of the vilem mathesius lecture series , organized by the vilem mathesius centre for research and education in semiotics and linguistics ( charles university ) , will be held in prague , czech republic , from november 9 until 20 , 1998 . the scientific program will consist of the following invited courses ( usually three 90 minutes lectures ) : * emmon bach ( canada ) : """" problems of universal and parochial grammar """" * joan bresnan ( usa ) : """" optimal syntax """" * nicoletta calzolari ( italy ) : """" corpus based lexicon building """" * bernard comrie ( germany ) : """" ( 1 ) advances in our understanding of relative clauses . ( 2 ) form and function in reference-tracking systems . ( 3 ) agreement in tsez ( ne caucasian ) : a typological assessment . """" * edward l . keenan ( usa ) : < tba > * christian lehmann ( germany ) : """" typology of possession """" * karen sparck - jones ( england ) : """" information retrieval and language processing """" * hans uszkoreit ( germany ) : """" modelling of linguistic performance """" * bonnie webber ( usa ) : < tba > we are still waiting for confirmation from m . a . k . halliday , and h - j . lieb . among the czech lecturers invited to vmc 13 are frantisek cermak , miroslav cervenka , jan firbas , jan hajic , eva hajicova , jaroslav peregrin , and petr sgall . the exact time schedule will be announced later . grants ( deadline : may 31 , 1998 ) a limited number of grants is available for students from post-communist countries . the deadline for application is * may 31 , 1998 * . ideally , an application for a grant should include a letter of motivation and a letter of recommendation by a supervisor . applications should be send to professor eva hajicova at the address below . applicants will be notified by the end of june regarding approval of their application . participation ( deadline : september 15 , 1998 ) the participation fee for vmc 13 is usd 350 , which includes tuition fee , accommodation , and lunches . in order to ensure accommodation , ( paying ) participants should register before * september 15 , 1998 * . please contact mrs . brdickova or prof . hajicova at the following address for registration or further information . mrs . libuse brdickova institute of formal and applied linguistics ufal mff uk malostranske nam . 25 cz-11800 praha 1 czech republic { hajicova , brdickov } @ ufal . mff . cuni . cz ( phone ) + + 420 - 2-2191 - 4278 ( fax ) + + 420 - 2-2191 - 4309 check our website at http : / / kwetal . ms . mff . cuni . cz / ~ gj / vmc / . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - geert - jan m . kruijff institute of formal & applied linguistics / linguistic data laboratory faculty of mathematics and physics , charles university malostranske nam . 25 , cz-118 00 prague 1 , czech republic phone : + + 420 - 2-2191 - 4255 fax : + + 420 - 2-2191 - 4309 email : gj @ ufal . ms . mff . cuni . cz , gj @ acm . org www : http : / / kwetal . ms . mff . cuni . cz / ~ gj /
 "",0
 2416,""Subject: 3rd annual interdisciplinary conference
  
  - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers - - - - - - - - - - announcing our 3rd annual interdisciplinary conference border surjects 3 : ( dis ) locations of culture october 8-10 , 1988 , ay illinois state university , normal il papers and presentations invited on the following topics : * the politics of official language policy * the ebonics controversy * immigration history and language policy in the u . s and other countries * the threat to other dialects and ethnic groups to learn the surrounding majority language in the u . s . and other countries . * social and political pressures on bilingualism including the ramifications for such programs as bilingual education the conference welcomes diverse and creative interpretations of its topics . send abstracts proposals for papers ans panels ( 250 words ) to : ron strickland english department illinois state university normal il 61790-4240 e-mail : rlstrick @ ilstu . edu please send abstracts and proposals via email if possible . dealine for abstracts and proposals : june 30 , 1998 for more information , contact ron strickland : ph : 309-438 - 7907 email : rlstrick @ ilstu . edu
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 2417,""Subject: claw 98 program
  
  claw98 workshop announcement the second international workshop on controlled language applications ( claw98 ) may 21-22 1998 language technologies institute carnegie mellon university 5000 forbes ave . pittsburgh , pa . 15213 usa http : / / www . lti . cs . cmu . edu / claw98 / context the 2nd international workshop on controlled language applications will be held may 21-22 at carnegie mellon university , pittsburgh , pa , usa . since the first claw workshop , held at university of leuven in 1996 , there has been continued strong interest in the research and development of controlled language applications . initial industrial development and deployment of controlled english systems ( aecma , caterpillar 's cte ) are now being followed by developments in other languages . on the research front , we are grappling with issues like standardization , design , and evaluation of controlled language systems . we are particularly interested in studies regarding author productivity and document usability . the workshop will give equal emphasis to the academic and industrial perspectives , while bringing together researchers , developers , users , and potential users of controlled language systems from around the world . workshop format the language technologies institute at cmu ( home of the center for machine translation ) is pleased to sponsor claw ' 98 . the two-day workshop will feature paper presentations , panel discussions , and a poster / demonstration session . evolving information regarding the workshop format and content can be found at the workshop web site . workshop site : mcconomy auditorium , first floor of the university center demo site : rangos hall , 2nd floor of the university center paper presentation schedule : ( preliminary ) may 21 , 1998 thursday - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 : 30 registration , coffee 9 : 00 welcome 9 : 15 invited speaker : karen hassen ( boeing commercial airplane group , usa ) 10 : 15 huijsen , willem - olaf ( university of utrecht , netherlands ) """" controlled language - an introduction """" 10 : 45 coffee break 11 : 00 lehtola , aarno , c . bounsaythip , j . tenni ( vtt information technology , finland ) """" definition of a controlled language based on semantic dependency relations """" 11 : 30 bernth , arendse ( ibm , usa ) """" easyenglish : preprocessing for mt """" 12 : 00 lunch and demo 1 : 30 knops , uus , b . depoortere ( lant nv , belgium ) """" controlled language and machine translation """" 2 : 00 kamprath , christine , e . adolphson , t . mitamura and e . nyberg ( caterpillar inc . ; carnegie mellon university , usa ) """" controlled language for multilingual document production : experience with caterpillar technical english """" 2 : 30 shirai , satoshi , s . ikehara , a . yokoo , y . ooyama ( ntt ; tottori university ; atr , japan ) """" automatic rewriting method for internal expressions in japanese to english mt and its effects """" 3 : 00 coffee break and demo 3 : 20 panel discussion : topic : standardization and acceptance of controlled language remi zajac ( chair ) 4 : 35 demo at lti 6 : 00 leave for banquet station square / mt . washington lookout 7 : 00 banquet may 22 , 1998 friday - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 : 30 coffee 9 : 00 barthe , kathy ( aerospatiale aeronautique , france ) """" gifas rationalised french : designing one controlled language to match another """" 9 : 30 lalaude , myriam , v . lux , s . regnier - prost ( aerospatiale , france ) """" modular controlled language design """" 10 : 00 wojcik , richard , h . holmback , j . hoard ( boeing shared services group , usa ) """" boeing technical english : an extension of aecma se beyond the aircraft maintenance domain """" 10 : 30 coffee break 10 : 45 heald , isobel , r . zajac ( universite d ' angers , france ; new mexico state university , usa ) """" compounds nouns in simplified english """" 11 : 15 barthe , kathy , g . g . bes , j . escande , d . pinna , e . rodier ( gril , france ) """" issues related to realistic evaluation of controlled language checkers """" 11 : 45 nasr , alexis , o . rambow and r . kittredge ( laboratoire d ' informatique d ' avignon , france ; cogentex inc . ) """" a linguistic framework for controlled language systems """" 12 : 15 lunch and demo 1 : 30 panel discussion : topic : current status of aecma richard wojcik ( chair ) 2 : 45 schmidt - wigger , antje ( iai , germany ) """" grammar and style checking for german """" 3 : 15 coffee break 3 : 30 zhang , wei , y . shiwen ( peking university , china ) """" construction of a controlled chinese lexicon """" 4 : 00 reuther , ursula ( iai , germany ) """" controlling language in an industrial application """" 4 : 30 godden , kurt ( general motors , usa ) """" controlling the business environment for controlled language """" 5 : 00 closing poster / demonstration session we have already arranged a number of systems for demonstration ; if you would like to arrange a system demonstration , we still have some room available . to arrange a poster or demonstration , please contact eric nyberg , ehn @ cs . cmu . edu , before may 8 , 1998 . registration the registration fee is $ 120 / person . the registration fee covers the cost of the cost of the workshop , plus continental breakfast , refreshments , and one copy of the workshop proceedings . participants should pre-register by may 8 . payment may be sent separately from the registration or settled on-site ( see details below ) . banquet the workshop banquet will be held on the evening of may 21 . the fee is $ 50 / person , which includes a bus service to / from the banquet site . please indicate whether you plan to attend the banquet on your registration form . accommodation we have reserved a number of rooms in two nearby hotels . please contact these hotels directly to make a reservation ; be sure to mention that you are coming for the ' claw98 workshop ' to receive the discounted rate . note : the holiday inn is a 10 - minute walk from the workshop ; the hampton inn is a 20-25 minute walk away . shuttle buses are available from the hampton inn to the university area . * holiday inn select university center 100 lytton avenue pittsburgh , pa 15213 phone : ( 412 ) 682-6200 fax : ( 412 ) 681-4749 rate : $ 103 / per night ( rate guaranteed until april 28 , 1998 ) * hampton inn 3315 hamlet street , pittsburgh , pa 15213 phone : ( 412 ) 681-1000 reservations : ( 800 ) hampton fax : ( 412 ) 681-3022 rate : $ 72 / per night ( rate guranteed until may 6 , 1998 ) for further assistance , please contact the claw98 secretary , martha june puzio , mpuzio + @ andrew . cmu . edu , ( 412 ) 268-7517 . workshop committee teruko mitamura ( carnegie mellon university ) geert adriens ( l&h and university of leuven , belgium ) eric nyberg ( carnegie mellon university ) linda schmandt ( carnegie group ) rick wojcik ( boeing ) remi zajac ( new mexico state university ) for more information contact : martha june puzio claw98 secretary email : mpuzio + @ andrew . cmu . edu phone : ( 412 ) 268-7517 fax : ( 412 ) 268-6298 or teruko mitamura language technologies institute carnegie mellon university 5000 forbes ave . pittsburgh , pa , 15213 . email : teruko @ cs . cmu . edu phone : ( 412 ) 268-6596 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = cut here = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = how to send your claw98 registration and banquet fees for wire transfer , send funds by may 12 , 1998 . please bring the record of wire transfer to the registration desk . to : mellon bank cash management university financial center fifth avenue and craig street pittsburgh , pa 15213 account # : 197-9003 please indicate that this is for : claw98 you may also send a us $ money order or check , payable to claw98 . we regret that we cannot accept credit cards . payment must received by may 12 , 1998 . send checks or money orders to : claw 98 registration language technologies institute carnegie mellon university 5000 forbes avenue , pittsburgh , pa 15213 usa claw98 registration form please complete the following form and return either by fax to ( 412 ) 268-6298 or by email to mpuzio + @ andrew . cmu . edu ( subject line should read : claw98 registration ) by may 8 , 1998 . mr / ms : first name : family name : title / position : affiliation / organization : mailing address : postal code : country : telephone : fax : e - mail address : fees ( check those which apply ) : registration only : $ 120 [ ] banquet : $ 50 [ ] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - total $ mode of payment : bank transfer ( no later than may 12 ) [ ] please bring a record of the transfer . check / money order sent by mail [ ] payment on-site [ ] please try to avoid this option , unless absolutely necessary .
 "",0
 2418,""Subject: last cfp : wecol ' 98
  
  last call for papers wecol ' 98 western conference on linguistics 9-11 october , 1998 arizona state university , tempe , arizona deadline for abstracts : 1 june 1998 abstracts are invited for 20 - minute talks in all areas of linguistic theory . abstracts should be anonymous , and should be no longer than one page , with one inch margins , in typeface no smaller than 12 characters per inch . an additional page with examples and references may be included . please provide 7 copies of the abstract . authors should identify themselves on a separate 3x5 """" index card , and should include the title and author 's address , affiliation , telephone number , and e-mail address . no e-mail or fax abstracts will be accepted . however , subsequent correspondence will be via e-mail . invited speaker : james mccloskey , university of california at santa cruz . abstracts should be sent to the following address : elly van gelderen , chair , abstracts committee wecol ' 98 po box 870302 department of english arizona state university tempe , az 85287-0302 thank you for your interest . teresa wells research assistant arizona state university
 "",0
 2419,""Subject: asia - pacific language special issue
  
  call for papers special issue : """" language research in the pacific - asia region """" http : / / hiplab . newcastle . edu . au / pacific / language / south pacific journal of psychology http : / / hiplab . newcastle . edu . au / pacific / language editorial group : max coltheart ( behavioural science , macquarie ) malti patel ( computing , macquarie ) marcus taft ( psychology , new south wales ) paul watters ( psychology , newcastle ) . on behalf of the editorial board of the south pacific journal of psychology , the language editorial group is soliciting contributions for a special issue , volume 10 ( 2 ) , on language research in the pacific - asia region . the high density of indigenous and non-indigenous languages spoken and written in the pacific - asia region makes it a fertile area for language research , especially in psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics . in addition , important advances in more general areas of language processing and linguistics , such as the computer modelling of language , are increasingly being made in the pacific - asia region . this special issue is intended as an inter-disciplinary showcase for research on all aspects of language being conducted in the region . all submissions will be peer-reviewed . the special issue will also be technologically innovative , with both paper and full-article electronic formats available to subscribers . papers should be written in apa style , doubled spaced , and submitted in triplicate to : paul a . watters department of computing school of mathematics , physics , computing and electronics macquarie university nsw 2109 australia alternatively , manuscripts prepared in text , adobe postscript or acrobat , or microsoft word format can be submitted electronically to pwatters @ mpce . mq . edu . au using an appropriate encoding format ( uuencode or metamail ) . the deadline for submission is 31st august , 1998 , with the special issue available in november / december , 1998 .
 "",0
 2420,""Subject: xth conference of nordic and general ling .
  
  the tenth conference of nordic and general linguistics will be held in reykjavik , iceland , from saturday june 6 , to monday june 8 , 1998 . it is organized by the institute of linguistics , university of iceland . the deadline for pre-registration at a reduced price is january 31 , 1998 . pre - registration forms and further information can be found on our web site ( http : / / www . rhi . hi . is / ~ nordconf ) and can also be mailed or e-mailed upon request . papers on any linguistic topic are invited , especially papers on synchronic and diachronic aspects of the nordic languages . invited speakers : anders holmberg , tromsoe ( syntax ) tomas riad , stockholm ( phonology ) inge lise pedersen , copenhagen ( dialectology ) interest groups can ask to arrange special sessions ( workshops ) and at present the following are planned ( names of the workshop organizers in parentheses ) : comparative semantics for nordic languages ( elisabet engdahl ) optimality theory and nordic languages ( kersti boerjars ) the time allotted to each paper ( except for the invited talks ) is 30 minutes ( including discussion ) . participants who want to present a paper are requested to submit an abstract no later than january 31 , 1998 . abstracts may not exceed 2 pages with at least a 1 inch margin on all four sides and should employ a font not smaller than 12 pt . they should be sent anonymously in five copies , accompanied by a camera-ready original with the author 's name , address and affiliation . abstracts sent by e-mail will not be accepted . the authors will be notified about the acceptance of their papers by february 28 , 1998 . those interested in presenting papers in the special sessions ( workshops ) should consult the organizers of these ( engdahl @ ling . gu . se , k . borjars @ man . ac . uk ) . otherwise , correspondence should be addressed to : the xth conference of nordic and general linguistics institute of linguistics university of iceland arnagardi vid sudurgoetu \ 193rnagar \ 240i vi \ 240 su \ 240urg \ 246tu 101 reykjavik , iceland tel . + 354 525 4408 fax + 354 525 4242 e - mail : nordconf @ rhi . hi . is url : http : / / www . rhi . hi . is / ~ nordconf - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - h \ 246skuldur \ 222r \ 225insson hoskuldur thrainsson heimspekideild department of icelandic h \ 225sk \ 243la \ 205slands university of iceland \ 193rnagar \ 240i v . su \ 240urg \ 246tu arnagardi v . sudurgoetu 101 reykjavik 101 reykjavik , iceland netfang : hoski @ rhi . hi . is e-mail hoski @ rhi . hi . is simi : 525-4420 ( i vinnu ) phone : ( 354 ) 525-4420 ( office ) 566-7141 ( heima ) ( 354 ) 566-7141 ( home ) br \ 233fsimi : 525-4242 ( i vinnu ) fax : ( 354 ) 525-4242 ( work ) 566-8141 ( heima - ( 354 ) 566-8141 ( home - ef l \ 225ti \ 240 er vita fyrirfram ) if notified in advance )
 "",0
 2421,""Subject: augias , linguistic special issue
  
  the recent number 52 of the journal augias has just appeared . it is the first linguistic special issue , edited by volkmar engerer , and contains 3 papers : - volkmar engerer : haben die inlands - und auslandsgermanistik verschiedene ( grammatische ) regeln ? ( do germanist studies in germany and abroad have different ( grammatical ) rules ? ) - nathalie nicolay : """" ich bin hier auf ' m flur , da is ' keiner mehr """" : zur verwendung raeumlicher deiktika in telefongespraechen """" ( use of local deixis on the telephone ) - frank beckmann : ereignisse , thematische rollen und die lizensierung von adverbialen in mittelkonstruktionen ( events , thematic roles and licensing adverbials in middle constructions ) for questions concerning the subscription of augias contact volkmar engerer . an augias website is in preparation . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dr . volkmar engerer , associate professor - lecturer in german / tysk lektor / deutscher lektor - the department of german / institut for germansk filologi university of aarhus / aarhus universitet ndr . ringgade , bygn . 326 dk-8000 arhus c denmark tel ( + 45 ) 8942 2109 fax ( + 45 ) 8619 1699 e - mail gerve @ hum . aau . dk homepage http : / / www . hum . aau . dk / dk / germansk / gerve / home . htm
 "",0
 2422,""Subject: sociolinguistics
  
  mediated discourse as social interaction : a study of news discourse ron scollon , professor in the department of english , city university of hong kong . paper 0 582 32725 3 hardback 0 582 32726 1 336 pages 1998 language in social life series ' mediated discourse as social interaction ' makes an explicit link between media studies and social interactionalist discursive research where previously the two fields of study have been treated as separate disciplines . this text presents an integrated theory illustrated by ample concrete examples , bringing together the latest research in these two fields . it offers a critique to the sender-receiver model implicit in media studies , and argues for an analysis of media discourse as social interaction , on the one hand among journalists and newsmakers as a community of practice , and among readers and viewers as a spectating community of practice on the other . the book also argues for a coherent and interdiscursive methodology for the ethnographic study of the role of the news media in the social construction of identity and is based on a considerable body of ethnographic and textual analysis of both print and television news media . the theory of mediated discourse presented in this volume will be of great interest to advanced undergraduates and postgraduates studying media studies , sociology of language , discourse analysis , interactional sociolinguistics , ethnography of communication and applied linguistics . it will also be welcomed by scholars and professionals involved in research in these areas . further information on the books published in this series , and the table of contents for this title can be viewed at the longman linguistics on-line catalogue at : http : / / www . awl-he . com / linguistics for a complete listing of our world-wide offices , please click below : http : / / www . awl-he . com / offices
 "",0
 2423,""Subject: computers and linguistics
  
  learner english on computer edited by sylviane granger , professor of english linguistics and language at the catholic university of louvain , belgium paper 0 582 29883 0 256 pages 1998 studies in language and linguistics series the first book of its kind , learner english on computer is intended to provide linguists , students of linguistics and other language and elt professionals with a highly accessible and comprehensive introduction to the new and rapidly-expanding field of corpus-based research into learner language . edited by the founder and co-ordinator of the international corpus of learner english ( icle ) , the book contains articles on all aspects of corpus compilation , design and analysis . * provides a comprehensive overview of the field , explaining links with corpus and applied linguistics , second language acquisition and elt * reviews the software tools which are currently available for analysing learner language and contains useful examples of how they can be used * contains eight case studies in which computer learner corpora are analysed * the articles contain a wide range of methodologies with broad general application * contains chapters which look at how computer learner corpus ( clc ) based studies can help improve pedagogical tools : efl grammars , dictionaries , writing textbooks and electronic tools . * implications for classroom methodology are also discussed . further information on the books published in this series , and the table of contents for this title can be viewed at the longman linguistics on-line catalogue at : http : / / www . awl-he . com / linguistics for a complete listing of our world-wide offices , please click below : http : / / www . awl-he . com / offices
 "",0
 2424,""Subject: anthropological linguistics , vol . 40 , no . 1
  
  * * anthropological linguistics , volume 40 , number 1 ( spring 1998 ) * * contents tohono o ' odham ( papago ) plurals , jane h . hill and ofelia zepeda ethnolinguistic dimensions of northern arapaho language shift , jeffrey anderson semantic categorization in tibetan honorific nouns , scott delancey noun specification and classification in uzbek , christopher i . beckwith book reviews handbook of north american indians , volume 17 : languages ( ives goddard , editor , and william c . sturtevant , general editor ) , jeffrey heath athabaskan language studies : essays in honor of robert w . young ( eloise jelinek , sally midgette , keren rice , and leslie saxon , editors ) , victor golla northern haida songs ( john enrico and wendy bross stuart ) , charlotte j . frisbie quebec 's aboriginal languages : history , planning , development ( jacques maurais , editor ) , lynn mcalpine relating events in narrative : a crosslinguistic developmental study ( ruth a . berman and dan isaac slobin , et al . ) , wallace chafe untying the knot : on riddles and other enigmatic modes ( galit hasan - rokem and david shulman , editors ) , thomas a . green the linguistic individual ( barbara johnstone ) , neal r . norrick language use and language change in brunei darussalam ( peter w . martin , conrad ozog , and gloria poedjosoedarmo , editors ) , geoffrey c . gunn literacy and script reform in occupation japan : reading between the lines ( j . marshall unger ) , roy andrew miller ideology and status of sanskrit : contributions to the history of sanskrit language ( jan e . m . houben , editor ) , peter m . scharf * * * * * * * annual subscription rates ( for 4 issues ) : $ 30 for u . s . individuals ; $ 38 for non - u . s . individuals ; $ 65 for u . s . institutions ; $ 75 for non - u . s . institutions . payment should be in u . s . funds by check or postal money order made payable to anthropological linguistics . visa and mastercard are also accepted . subscriptions and inquires should be sent to : anthropological linguistics , student building 130 ( c ) , indiana university , bloomington , in 47405 usa ; fax : ( 812 ) 855-7529 ; e-mail : < anthling @ indiana . edu > . for abstracts and more information , visit our website at : http : / / www . indiana . edu / ~ anthling
 "",0
 2425,""Subject: cfp : icsnl ' 98
  
  announcement and call for papers 33rd international conference on salish and neighboring languages university of washington , seattle , wa august 5 - 7 , 1998 papers on all aspects of the study , preservation , and teaching of salish and neighboring languages are welcome . the conference will be three full days : 9 : 00 a . m . through 5 : 00 p . m . on wednesday and friday , 9 : 00 a . m . through 9 : 00 p . m . on thursday . native language program presentations and papers of practical interest to teachers will be interspersed throughout the program on all days . all sessions will be plenary . reports on language programs will generally be 20 minutes long ; discussion will follow . every author of a preprint paper will be expected to present a 5 - minute , non-technical introduction to her / his work , geared toward a general audience unfamiliar with the paper . presenters may add an optional 5 minutes of technical introduction . discussion of the paper will follow . information on conference organizers , housing , submission , deadlines , and formats is available at : http : / / humanities . byu . edu / icsnl / icsnl . htm
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 2426,""Subject: foreign language culture
  
  conference organizer : faculty of foreign languages laboratory of communicative teaching through cultural interaction . kursk state pedagogical university . 33 radischev street , kursk 305004 , russia tel . ( 071 22 ) 2-73 - 61 fax . ( 0712 ) 568461 e-mail : kgpu @ home . sovtest . ru international conference : the voice of the foreign language culture tentatively scheduled for october 12-16 , 1998 at kursk state pedagogical university , russia . goal : defining general approaches taken by russian and foreign methodologists to the problem of communicative pronunciation teaching . foreign language pronunciation , vital for communication , is a complex phenomenon difficult to investigate and not readily yielding to teaching guidance . no wonder , occasionally it will be declared irrelevant and the attention of the methodologists and teachers is concentrated on more learnable items : grammar and vocabulary . indeed , either the intuitive - imitative approach with its attention to the accuracy of pronunciation or the analytic - linguistic approach with its articulatory and contrastive information , or the cognitive approach which gives emphases to grammar , or the natural approach and the silent way with the attention to the supra - segmental structures have not met the needs of communication . however , this kind of neglect of pronunciation teaching is of short duration and it could not be otherwise for evident reasons . it is pronunciation that reflects the national character , culture and spirit of the nation , the social characteristics of the speaker , their aims , motives and emotions . you would not really respond adequately to what is being said without the proper awareness of the implications of the pronunciation system . moreover , even in the recognition of grammar and lexical units we mainly depend on pronunciation parameters . in fact , all speech activities have pronunciation roots . that is why we can not neglect teaching pronunciation if we want to prepare our students for actual communication . in the communicative approach adhered to in this institution , we demand a communicative paradigm of pronunciation teaching . it implies both the communicative aim of teaching and structuring the teaching process in accordance with the natural mechanisms of pronunciation acquisition . there is evidence that communicative approach to teaching pronunciation is gaining universal support . according to m . celces - murcia , d . m . brinton , j . m . goodwin in """" teaching pronunciation , """" _ cup _ , 1996 . . . teaching supra-segmental features ( rhythm , stress and intonation in a discourse context was the optimal way to organize a short - term pronunciation course . this idea sounds promising for a more fundamental course if we take into account the psychological nature of pronunciation acquisition . the objectives of the conference are as follows : emphasize social importance and necessity of correct pronunciation point out general problems of teaching fl pronunciation develop a communicative syllabus for teaching fl pronunciation and specify the teaching units and the context of teaching definine communicative strategies for pronunciation teaching specify the communicative model for teaching pronunciation and its correlation with natural speech mechanisms define the links of fl culture and pronunciation teaching analyze the communicative model of pronunciation teaching as a component of teacher education outline the linguistic foundation of communicative fl pronunciation teaching identify the links between pronunciation and grammar , vocabulary and pragmatic context . discussion groups on suggested topics : 1 . the social load and the status of pronunciation in multi-cultural society . 2 . pronunciation as an indicator of language proficiency and cultural level . 3 . communicative teaching of pronunciation as a basis for teaching fl speech . 4 . functional and linguistic aspects of pronunciation teaching . 5 . techniques of communicative teaching of fl pronunciation . we would be delighted to discuss the problems and share our experience with those of similar interests . we sincerely hope that the integral efforts of the participants of the conference will result in solving some of the problems and enrich our practical competence . first call for papers . the faculty of foreign languages and the laboratory of communicative fl teaching through cultural interaction at kursk state pedagogical university ( russia ) cordially invite colleagues from asia , africa , america and europe to participate in their international conference . we desire to share achievements , concerns and exchange expertise in teaching english , german and french phonetics and pronunciation . all teachers and methodologists are welcome to attend . papers of 2000 words will be published subsequently in the conference proceedings . final date for acceptance of applications and papers to the above address by 1 july 1998 . kursk , a city lacated 450 km to the south of moscow , is one of the oldest cities in russia with a number of attractions interesting from historical and cultural points of view . accomodation will be provided at the hotel kursk ( 40-60 $ per night ) . participants will also be offered to live in the appartments with russian families and the students ' dormitory . foreign particapants will be met in moscow and accompanied to kursk if required . we look forward to hearing from you . sincerely , nickolay smakhtin dean of the faculty of foreign languages vyacheslav buzhinsky head of the english language department
 "",0
 2427,""Subject: technology & foreign language teaching
  
  transformations : technology , foreign languages , and undergraduate education the consortium for language teaching and learning and the section on foreign languages & literatures at the massachusetts institute of technology are pleased to announce a national conference , october 23-25 , 1998 . intended for foreign language faculty , administrators , directors of humanities computing , and language laboratory directors , this conference will examine the transformations of the foreign language classroom , the role of the teacher , the institutional mission , the curriculum , and the infrastructure in the light of developments in multimedia computer technology . the conference will not be an occasion for demonstrating hardware and software . instead , it seeks to pose new questions about fundamental changes that all foreign language programs and all institutions are currently undergoing . speakers will include jacqueline brown ( princeton university ) , gilberte furstenberg ( massachusetts institute of technology ) , henry jenkins ( massachusetts institute of technology ) , william a . johnson ( bucknell university ) , yoko koike ( haverford college ) , claire kramsch ( university of california at berkeley ) , karen landahl ( university of chicago ) , james s . noblitt ( university of north carolina at chapel hill ) , slava paperno ( cornell university ) , and thomas thornton ( massachusetts institute of technology ) . the conference will be held at the massachusetts institute of technology , cambridge , massachusetts , beginning friday afternoon , october 23 , 1998 , and concluding mid-day , sunday , october 25 , 1998 . the registration form is available as a downloadable adobe acrobat . pdf file , 49k . at : http : / / web . mit . edu / fll / www / conf98 /
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 2428,""Subject: new book : dialects and variation
  
  american english dialects and variation walt wolfram and natalie schilling - estes north carolina state university and stanford university 1998 ~ 6 x 9 ~ 464 pages , 30 figures , 13 maps , 6 tables 0-631 - 20487 - 3 ~ paperback ~ $ 29 . 95 0-631 - 20486 - 5 ~ hardcover ~ $ 59 . 95 this book provides a readable , up-to - date description of language variation in american english , ranging from regional to ethnic to gender-based variation . the authors describe dialect situations that range from historically isolated and rural dialects to developing , urban ethnic varieties as they consider the descriptive , theoretical , and applied ramifications of dialects in american society . an appendix of major dialect structures in american english and a glossary of terms for non-specialists is included . to order please call blackwell publishers at : 1-800 - 216-2522
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 2429,""Subject: new books : sociolinguistics
  
  sociolinguistics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ harold f . schiffman linguistic culture and language policy linguistic culture and language policy examines how language policy in three very different nations evolved and how it is not merely the specific embodiment of rule , but rather primarily a social construct that rests on other conceptual elements such as belief systems , attitudes and myths . by scrutinizing the multilingual democracies of india , france and the us , schiffman examines how language policies are formed within a broader framework and are heavily influenced by the covert and implicit grass-roots of its linguistic culture . by seeing language policy as culture-specific , we understand why language policies evolve , why they work - - or not - - and how people 's lives are affected by them . politics of language routledge : 1998 : 368 pp pb : 0 415 18406 1 : # d5174 : $ 29 . 99 : 18 . 99 salikoko s . mufwene , john r . rickford , guy bailey , and john baugh , african-american english structure , history and use african american english provides a timely , comprehensive , state of the art survey of linguistic research . the book examines the linguistics features of african american english ( aae ) , as well as the sociological , political and educational issues connected with it . the editors are leading experts in the field and along with other key figures , notably william labov , geneva smitherman and walt wolfram , they provide an authoritative , diverse guide to this topical subject area . drawing on many contemporary references , the oakland school controversy , the rap of ice - t , the contributors reflect the state of current scholarship on african american english , and actively dispel many misconceptions , address new questions and explore new approaches . routledge : 1998 : 328 pp cl : 0 415 11732 1 : # d4952 : $ 85 . 00 : 50 . 00 pb : 0 415 11733 x : # d4956 : $ 24 . 99 : 15 . 99 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
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 2430,""Subject: new books : historical linguistics
  
  historical linguistics anna giacalone ramat and paolo ramat , eds . the indo-european languages not since 1937 has a classic reference work appeared for indo - european . this new work , however , steps forth to fill a major gap in this rapidly changing field by making full use of the recent achievements in linguistic theory . useful as both an introductory survey and a reference for advanced students and scholars , the volume provides insight into the variations in the way indo - european is studied while at the same time presenting a unified overview of indo - european . the only work available which combines the historical understanding of indo - european with a survey of its various sub-groups , this volume will be useful to a broad range of readers including students of historical linguistics and comparative philology , modern language students interested in the background on the languages they are studying , and anyone interested in the processes of language change and evolution . routledge language family descriptions routledge : 1998 : 552 pp cl : 0 415 06449 x : # c0977 : $ 160 . 00 : 95 . 00 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
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 2431,""Subject: new books : language instruction
  
  language instruction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ daniel abondolo , colloquial finnish the complete course for beginners colloquial finnish is easy to use and completely up-to - date . specially written by experienced teachers for self-study or class use , the course offers you a step-by - step approach to written and spoken finnish . colloquial series routledge : 1998 : 0 pp 0 415 11391 1 : # d3439 : $ 44 . 99 : 25 . 76 daniel abondolo colloquial finnish the complete course for beginners these cassettes are recorded by native finnish speakers and can be used on their own or to accompany the book , helping you with pronunciation and listening skills . colloquial series routledge : 1998 : 0 pp cs : 0 415 11390 3 : # d3338 : $ 27 . 99 : 12 . 76 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
 "",0
 2432,""Subject: going romance 1998
  
  call for papers going romance 1998 twelfth symposium on romance linguistics utrecht university , december 10-11 utrecht institute of linguistics ots ( uil ots ) holland institute of generative linguistics ( hil ) invited speakers : hans georg obenauer maria luisa rivero raffaella zanuttini abstracts are invited for thirty minutes talks ( with an additional ten minutes for discussion ) in all areas of romance linguistics from all theoretical perspectives . a selection of the papers will be published . abstracts should be anonymous , and should be no longer than two pages , including references and examples , with margins of at least 1 - inch , letter size 11 / 12 . submissions are limited to a maximum of one individual and one joint abstract per author . please provide 7 anonymous abstracts and one camera-ready original containing title , author 's name and affiliation . submissions by e-mail or fax can be accepted , provided a camera-ready original is received within one week after the deadline . a separate card should contain the title of the paper , author 's name , affiliation , address , telephone number and e-mail address . deadline for receipt of abstracts : september 18 , 1998 abstracts should be sent to the following address : going romance 1998 phone : 31-30 - 2536006 utrecht institute of linguistics ots fax : 31-30 - 2536000 utrecht university e - mail : going . romance @ let . uu . nl trans 10 3512jk utrecht the netherlands a workshop on ` acquiring and using the lexicon ' will be held on december 12 . this workshop is organized in collaboration with the cnrs ( france ) . a separate call for papers will follow . organizing committee : sergio baauw ( uil ots ) , denis delfitto ( uil ots / dept . of italian ) frank drijkoningen ( uil ots / dept . of french ) paola monachesi ( uil ots ) johan rooryck ( hil / leiden university ) jan schroten ( uil ots / dept . of spanish ) henriette de swart ( uil ots / dept . of french )
 "",0
 2433,""Subject: nels 29 - - call for papers
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * n e l s 29 * * * * * * * * * * * * * annual meeting of the northeastern linguistic society * * * university of delaware , newark , de october 16-18 , 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = call for papers = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = one - page anonymous abstracts for talks or posters on any aspect of theoretical linguistics are requested . references , but no examples may be included on a separate page . individuals may submit no more than on abstract for which they are the primary author . submissions deadline : july 1 , 1998 paper and electronic submissions will be accepted ; fax submissions will not . abstracts should be single-spaced in 12 - pt times font ( except for phonetic transcriptions ) and sized for 8 . 5 """" x11 """" paper . top margins should be at least 1 . 5 inches , with at least one inch for the bottom and side margins . submissions should include : the title , the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , mailing and email addresses where the primary author can be reached over the summer , subfield of linguistics which the abstract represents , and whether the abstract is being submitted for consideration as a talk , poster , or both . for paper submissions , ten anonymous copies should be submitted , and the author information should be typed ona 3 """" x5 """" index card . for electronic submissions , follow the instructions at the nels 29 website : < http : / / sun . ling . udel . edu / nels - 29 > address for correspondance : * * * nels 29 abstracts committee department of linguistics 46 e . delaware avenue newark , de 19716 usa email : nels - 29 @ udel . edu unless otherwise indicated , acknowledgement of receipt will be via e-mail . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = registration information = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = preregistration fees * * * $ 20 ( us ) for students and $ 40 ( us ) for others before september 16 , 1998 . on - site registration fees * * * $ 25 ( us ) for students and $ 50 ( us ) for others for further information , please consult the nels 29 website or contact us at the e-mail address listed above .
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 2434,""Subject: 2nd language acquisition
  
  strategies in learning and using a second language andrew d . cohen professor in the department of english as a second language , university of minnesota . paper 0-582 - 30588 - 8 312 pages 1998 applied linguistics and language study series longman ' strategies in learning and using a second language ' explores the topic of learner strategies - the ways in which language learners engage with the process of learning and communicating in a new language . the introduction to the book sets out the main theoretical issues , distinguishing language learning from language use strategies , and describing the main research methods for their investigation . the author presents innovative research linking the use of task-specific strategies with language performance . the volume then presents empirical research investigating the languages multilinguals select for their verbalized thoughts during language learning and language use . finally , the author presents empirical research focusing on the strategies learners use in language test-taking contexts . the volume is intended primarily for language teachers and researchers , as well as for administrators of second language programs . it is also highly suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate students of applied linguistics and will be of interest to foreign language students , stimulating them to reflect on their strategies for learning and using a second language . the chapters present questions and raise areas for further discussion and study , making the book suitable for those new to the field . at the same time , the provision of important new research will appeal to those with more advanced knowledge in the field . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - errors in language learning and use carl james senior lecturer in the linguistics department at the university of wales , bangor . paper 0-582 - 25763 - 8 320 pages 1998 applied linguistics and language study series longman ' errors in language learning and use ' is an up-to - date introduction and guide to the study of errors in language , and is also a critical survey of previous work . error analysis occupies a central position within applied linguistics , and seeks to clarify questions such as ` does correctness matter ? ' , ` is it more important to speak fluently and write imaginatively or to communicate one 's message ? ' this book provides a scholarly and well-illustrated theoretical and historical background to the field of error analysis . a range of relevant questions is addressed such as whether native speakers make errors , and whether ` good english ' for the native speaker is also good for the foreign learner . the reader is led from definitions of error and related concepts , to categorization of types of linguistic deviance , discussion of error gravities , the utility of teacher correction and towards writing learner profiles . throughout , the book is guided by considerable practical experience in language education in a range of classroom contexts worldwide . further information on the books published in this series , and the table of contents for these titles can be viewed at the longman linguistics on-line catalogue at : http : / / www . awl-he . com / linguistics for a complete listing of our world-wide offices , please click below : http : / / www . awl-he . com / offices
 "",0
 2435,""Subject: lexical semantics systems - date changes
  
  change of date and extended deadline - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - wlss98 ii workshop on lexical semantics systems pisa , 6 - 7 april 1998 scuola normale superiore - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - organized by celi , ilc , itc-irst and scuola normale superiore with the support of university of pisa and xerox research centre europe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http : / / celi . sns . it / ~ wlss98 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - invited speakers ( provisional list ) gennaro chierchia ( university of milan ) christiane fellbaum ( princeton university ) ewan klein ( university of edimburgh ) hinrich schuetze ( rank xerox ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers wlss98 is organized by centro per l ' elaborazione del linguaggio ed informazione ( celi ) , istituto di linguistica computazionale ( ilc ) , istituto per la ricerca scientifica e tecnologia ( itc-irst ) and scuola normale superiore ( pisa ) , and will take place in pisa on the 6 - 7 april 1998 ( instead of the 19-20 march , as it was announced in previous messages ) . wlss workshops aim at bringing together italian and international scholars , active in both theoretical and applicative domains of research in lexical semantics , with the goals of : - providing an overview of the state of the art and exchanging information on ongoing and planned activities ; - bridging the gap and enhance the trade-off between theoretical models of lexical knowledge and applications in nlp systems . these goals are justified : - by the increasingly central position that lexical knowledge , and in particular lexical semantics , is assuming within the general architecture of cognitive systems , both as a dynamic module which interact with other non-linguistic sources of knowledge , and as a component playing a major role in interfacing syntax and semantics ; - by the fact that lexical resources ( such as tagged corpora , computational dictionaries , machine readable dictionaries , wordnets ) are among the most crucial aspects of practical nlp systems . issues concerning the structure , the representation , the development , and the acquisition of lexical knowledge are thus of the uttermost importance when building nlp systems . lexical systems also play a crucial role in the design and construction of multilingual systems , a key feature at least for applications designed to operate in a distributed , non - centralized environment such as the world wide web . this second edition of wlss will focus on the portability and reusability of lexical systems , and on the issue of word sense disambiguation and semantic tagging . we also encourage the submission of papers concerning more general issues about linguistic lexical semantics and its interaction with computational lexicography . abstracts are invited for 30 - minute talks . here follows a non - exhaustive list of topics which could be addressed : * lexical resources for semantic tagging and word sense disambiguation . * use of lexicons and thesauruses to improve information retrieval / extraction techniques . * automatic acquisition and management of lexical resources . * reusability and tuning of existing lexical resources for novel tasks . * trade offs between generic and domain specific lexical resources . * multilingual lexical resources . * description and evaluation of existing tools and systems . * evaluation of different representation formats . * issues in computational lexical semantics and computational lexicography . * issues in the design , construction and use of lexical resources . * architecture for a cognitive plausible lexicon * lexical representation and the interface with syntactic processes * * change * * extended deadline for submissions * * change * * only electronic submissions are accepted . abstracts should not exceed 2 pages in length , in postscript or ascii format , and should be sent to the following address : wlss98 @ celi . sns . it . separate information should be sent , including the title of the talk , author 's name , address and affiliation . submissions must be limited to a maximum of one individual and one joint abstract per author . the deadline is : 20 january 1998 . the program committee intends to publish a selection of the papers presented at the conference . * * change * * important dates * * change * * submission of abstracts : 20 january 1998 notification of acceptance : 28 february 1998 conference : 6 - 7 april 1998 program committee pier marco bertinetto ( scuola normale superiore ) nicoletta calzolari ( ilc ) luca dini ( celi ) vittorio di tomaso ( celi ) alessandro lenci ( scuola normale superiore ) bernardo magnini ( irst ) fabio pianesi ( irst ) frederique segond ( xrce ) antonio zampolli ( ilc ) contact persons for every further information please contact the conference secretariat : vittorio di tomaso celi ditomaso @ sns . it alessandro lenci scuola normale superiore lenci @ alphalinguistica . sns . it scuola normale superiore laboratorio di linguistica piazza dei cavalieri 7 56126 pisa ( italy ) tel . + 39 50 509219 fax : + 39 50 563513 more information on the workshop and a copy of this call for papers is available on the web at the following address : http : / / celi . sns . it / ~ wlss98
 "",0
 2436,""Subject: coling-acl ' 98 computerm workshop
  
  acl / coling-98 ( association for computational linguistics / conference on computational linguistics ) computerm workshop first workshop on computational terminology august 15 , 1998 ( immediately following acl / coling-98 ) university of montreal , montreal ( quebec , canada ) preliminary call for papers description the workshop will provide a forum to bring together researchers from the fields of computational linguistics , terminology , automated translation , information retrieval and lexicography who share an interest in computational aspects of terminology processing : acquisition , extraction , indexing , machine-aided thesaurus building , dictionary construction , etc . the aim of the workshop is to stimulate the exchange of innovative ideas and results of diverse aspects of automatic term processing in order to bridge the gap between these fields . topics the topics of the workshop include ( but are not limited to ) : - construction of terminology resources - semi - or automatic acquisition of terms - semi - or automatic acquisition of conceptual knowledge - thesaurus construction and maintenance - use of terminology resources ( term banks , thesauri , specialized lexicons , . . . ) - terms in information retrieval ( stemming , automatic indexing , query expansion , . . . ) - multi - lingual terminological resources for cross-language ir - terminology management in machine-aided translation - terminology and nlp ( parsing , tagging , text understanding , generation , . . . ) - terminology processing for other applications submissions only hard-copy submissions will be accepted . authors should submit six ( 6 ) copies of their full-length paper ( 3500-5000 words ) . submissions should be sent : didier bourigault laboratoire de linguistique informatique universite paris xiii avenue j . - b . clement f-93430 villetaneuse france style files and templates for preparing submissions http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / styles . html the official language of the conference is english . however , papers can also be submitted in french . the final version of the papers will be accompanied by two long abstracts in two different languages . all the presentation at the workshop will be given in english . important deadlines submission deadline : march 23 , 1998 notification date : may 15 , 1998 camera ready copy due : june 15 , 1998 scientific committee khurshid ahmad ( university of surrey , uk ) sophia ananiadou ( manchester metropolitan university , manchester , uk ) peter anick ( digital equipment corporation , usa ) teresa cabre ( university pompeu fabra , barcelone , spain ) ken church ( at&t labs research , usa ) anne condamines ( cnrs , toulouse , france ) bruce croft ( university of massachusetts , usa ) ido dagan ( bar ilan university , israel ) beatrice daille ( irin nantes , france ) pascale fung ( hong kong university of science and technology , hong kong ) eric gaussier ( xerox research centre europe , france ) gregory grefenstette ( xerox research centre europe , france ) stephanie haas ( university of north carolina , usa ) benoit habert ( limsi & ens fontenay - st cloud , france ) ulrich heid ( universitaet stuttgart , stuttgart , germany ) kyo kageura ( nacsis , tokyo , japan ) judith klavans ( columbia univesity , usa ) robert krovetz ( nec research institute , usa ) robert losee ( university of north carolina , usa ) ingrid meyer ( university of ottawa , ottawa , canada ) jian - yun nie ( university of montreal , montreal , canada ) padmini srinivasan ( the university of iowa , usa ) tomek strzalkowski ( general electric company , usa ) evelyne tzoukermann ( bell labs innovations , lucent technologies , usa ) richard wojcik ( boeing company , usa ) pierre zweigenbaum ( ap-hp & universite paris 6 , france ) organizers didier bourigault ( cnrs and universite paris xiii , paris , france ) christian jacquemin ( iut de nantes , france ) marie - claude l ' homme ( universite de montreal , montreal , canada ) email contact mailto : db @ lli . univ-paris 13 . fr , christian . jacquemin @ iut-nantes . univ-nantes . fr , lhommem @ ere . umontreal . ca
 "",0
 2437,""Subject: distributing and accessing linguistic resources
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * distributing and accessing linguistic resources * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * may 27th , this workshop is part of first international conference on language resources and evaluation at the university of granada , may 26th to 30th 1998 ( see http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra . html for details and how to register ) . the workshop will discuss ways to increase the efficacy of linguistic resource distribution and programmatic access , and work towards the definition of a new method for these tasks based on distributed processing and object-oriented modelling with deployment on the www . organizers : yorick wilks , wim peters , hamish cunningham , remi zajac papers the following papers will be presented in order of enumeration . after each 15 minute presentation there will be 5 minutes for discussion . distributed thesaurus storage and access in a cultural domain application s . boutsis , b . georgantopoulos , s . piperidis institute for language and speech processing , athens a new model for language resource access and distribution w . peters , h . cunningham , y . wilks , c . mccauley university of sheffield reuse and integration of nlp components in the calypso architecture r . zajac new mexico state university corpus - based research using the internet h . brugman , a . russel , p . wittenburg max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen the cue corpus access tool o . mason university of birmingham linguistic research utilizing the edr electronic dictionary as a linguistic resource t . ogino edr , japan posters the following posters will be on display during the workshop , and presentations are planned during the breaks : tractor : telri research archive of computational tools and resources r . krishnamurthy university of birmingham web - surfing the lexicon d . cabrero , m . vilares , l . docampo , s . sotelo ramon pineiro research centre / universities of coruna and santiago exploring distributed mt o . streiter , a . schmidt - wigger , u . reuther , c . pease iai saarbruecken a proposal for an on - line lexical database p . cassidy micra , inc . panel discussion : the final part of the workshop will consist of a panel discussion on : distributing and accessing linguistic resources the panel participants are : khalid choukri , eduard hovy , judith klavans , yorick wilks , and antonio zampolli . workshop scope and aims - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - in general the reuse of of nlp data resources ( such as lexicons or corpora ) has exceeded that of algorithmic resources ( such as lemmatisers or parsers ) . however , there are still two barriers to data resource reuse : 1 ) each resource has its own representation syntax and corresponding programmatic access mode ( e . g . sql for celex , c or prolog for wordnet , sgml for the bnc ) ; 2 ) resources must generally be installed locally to be usable ( and of course precisely how this happens , what operating systems are supported etc . varies from case to case ) . the consequences of 1 ) are that although resources share some structure in common ( lexicons are organised around words , for example ) this commonality is wasted when it comes to using a new resource ( the developer has to learn everything afresh each time ) and that work which seeks to investigate or exploit commonalities between resources ( e . g . to link several lexicons to an ontology ) has to first build a layer of access routines on top of each resources . so , for example , if we wish to do task-based evaluation of lexicons by measuring the relative performance of an information extraction system with different instantiations of lexical resource , we might end up writing code to translate several different resources into sql or sgml . the consequence of 2 ) is that there is no way to """" try before you buy """" : no way to examine a data resource for its suitability for your needs before licencing it . correspondingly there is no way for a resource provider to expose limitted access to their products for advertising purposes , or gain revenue through piecemeal supply of sections of a resource . this workshop will discuss ways to overcome these barriers . the proposers will discuss a new method for distributing and accessing language resources involving the development of a common programmatic model of the various resources types , implemented in corba idl and / or java , along with a distributed server for non-local access . this model is being designed as part of the gate project ( general architecture for text engineering : http : / / www . dcs . shef . ac . uk / research / groups / nlp / gate / ) and goes under the provisional title of an active creole server . ( creole : collection of reusable objects for language engineering . currently creole supports only algortihmic objects , but will be extended to data objects . ) a common model of language data resources would be a set of inheritance hierarchies making up a forest or set of graphs . at the top of the hierarchies would be very general abstractions from resources ( e . g . lexicons are about words ) ; at the leaves would be data items that were specific to individual resources . programmatic access would be available at all levels , allowing the developer to select an appropriate level of commonality for each application . note that although an exciting element of the work could be to provide algorithms to dynamically merge common resources what we ' re suggesting initially is not to develop anything substantively new , but simply to improve access to existing resources . this is not a new standards initiative , but a way to build on previous initiatives . of course , the production of a common model that fully expressed all the subtleties of all resources would be a large undertaking , but we believe that it can be done incrementally , with useful results at each stage . early versions will stop decomposing the object structure of resources at a fairly high level , leaving the developer to handle the data structures native to the resources at the leaves of the forest . there should still be a substantial benefit in uniform access to higher level strucures . program committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - yorick wilks hamish cunningham wim peters remi zajac roberta catizone paola velardi maria teresa pazienza roberto basili bran boguraev sergei nirenburg james pustejowsky ralph grishman christiane fellbaum
 "",0
 2438,""Subject: optimality theory
  
  optimal viewpoints , stuart davis , editor . 138 pp . prepaid orders by u . s . check or money order . $ 15 . 00 + p&h : $ 3 . 50 us , $ 5 . 00 can , $ 5 . 50 other . iulc publications , 720 e . atwater ave . , bloomington , in 47401 usa . < iulc @ indiana . edu > http : / / php . indiana . edu / ~ iulc / this year the indiana university linguistics club celebrates its 30th anniversary with the publication of _ optimal viewpoints _ representing current work on optimality theory by students , faculty and alumni of the department of linguistics at indiana university . the papers in the volume cover phenomena of current theoretical interest in morphology , first language acquisition , phonology and syntax . contents are as follows : _ the optimal compound : optimality theory and the typology of synthetic compounds _ . heather anderson offers an ot analysis of word order in synthetic compounds by demonstrating how the difference between vo and ov languages with respect to synthetic compounds falls out from the ranking of the relevant constraints in an optimality-theoretic grammar . _ the representation of on - glides in american english : evidence from phonologically disordered systems _ . in this ot application to english acquisitional phonology , jessica barlow examines the productions of consonant-glide clusters from several children over a period of time , and relates her findings to the issue of whether the glide in a consonant-glide sequence functions as part of the onset or part of the nucleus . _ output configurations in phonology : epenthesis and syncope in cairene arabic _ . stuart davis and bushra adnan zawaydeh examine the output configurations created by syncope and epenthesis processes in cairene arabic . in cases where the ot prediction that the output shapes of syncope and epenthesis processes should be symmetrical is not maintained , there is an overriding base-identity constraint that plays a key role . _ variation in acquisition : an optimal approach _ . in this paper , katherine demuth shows than an ot analysis can account for multiple optimal outputs in acquisitional phonology in terms of partially ordered constraint rankings , or stratified domination hierarchies . _ topic - oriented null arguments in korean and optimality theory _ . jong - kyoo kim offers an ot analysis of null arguments , both subject and object arguments , in korean based on the domination of topic-related constraints over projection-related constraints . kim also develops a general pro-drop typology which reflects a differential ranking of constraints . _ correspondence in kyungsang korean truncation _ . seung - hoon shin examines a range of data on truncated words in the kyungsang dialect of korean including hypocoristics , truncated compounds , and loanword truncation . shin shows clear evidence that truncated words can be based on the underlying input rather than on a fully syllabified output .
 "",0
 2439,""Subject: syntax and semantics of tense and mood selection
  
  conference on syntax and semantics of tense and mood selection 2 - 4 july , 1998 department of education and communications sciences university of bergamo organisers : alessandra giorgi , university of bergamo , giorgi @ ibguniv . unibg . it fabio pianesi , irst , trento , pianesi @ irst . itc . it local organisation : dott . a molani sig . ra michela perrottelli secretary of the department : sig . ra flora drago flora @ ibguniv . unibg . it tel : + 39 - ( 0 ) 35-277421 registration : wednesday , 6 - 7 . 30 pm , room 14 , piazza vecchia 8 ( bergamo alta ) thursday , july 2nd , 1998 registration and conference site : room 5 , via salvecchio 19 ( bergamo alta ) 9 . 00 - 9 . 15 opening address - prof . a . castoldi ( dean of the faculty ) and prof . m . ceruti ( head of the department ) 9 . 15 - 10 . 15 j . higginbotham ( invited speaker - somerville college , oxford ) - """" temporal subordination in english """" 10 . 15 - 10 . 30 break 10 . 30 - 11 . 10 m . hackl & j . nissenbaum ( mit ) - """" variable modal force in for - infinitival relative clauses """" 11 . 10 - 11 . 50 a . giannakidou ( amsterdam ) & f . zwarts ( groeningen ) """" semantic restrictions on tense / aspect combinations with temporal connectives """" 11 . 50 - 12 . 50 a . von stechow ( invited speaker - tuebingen ) - """" where is anteriority in ( german ) perfect constructions ? """" 12 . 50 - 14 lunch 14 . 00 - 15 . 00 a . bonomi ( invited speaker - milano ) - """" semantical considerations on the progressive reading of the imperfective . """" 15 . 00 - 15 . 40 s . rothstein ( bar - ilan ) - """" achievements and progressives """" 15 . 40 - 16 . 20 g . a . broadwell ( albany ) & g . brugger ( ucla ) - """" variability in aspectual orientation : the perfective in choctaw """" 16 . 20 - 16 . 40 break 16 . 40 - 17 . 20 r . amritavalli ( hyderabad ) - """" tense , aspect and mood in kannada """" 17 . 20 - 18 . 00 n . duffield ( mcgill , montreal ) - """" deriving temporal and modal interpretation in vietnamese """" 18 . 00 - 19 . 00 t . stowell ( invited speaker - ucla ) - """" sequence of tense and indexicality """" friday , july 3rd , 1998 conference site : room 5 , via salvecchio 19 ( bergamo alta ) 9 . 00 - 10 . 00 p . molinelli ( invited speaker - bergamo ) - """" sequence of tense and mood selection in late latin """" 10 . 00 - 10 . 40 a . mittwoch ( jerusalem ) - """" tense for the quick and the dead """" 10 . 40 - 11 . 00 break 11 . 00 - 11 . 40 t . moia ( lisboa ) - """" on the semantics of temporal connectives expressing anteriority and posteriority """" 11 . 40 - 12 . 40 s . iatridou ( invited speaker - mit ) - """" the role of tense , mood and aspect in the expression of counterfactuality """" 12 . 40 - 14 . 00 lunch 14 . 00 - 15 . 00 g . cinque ( invited speaker - venezia ) - """" on the order of tense and aspect heads """" 15 . 00 - 15 . 40 h . demirdache ( vancouver ) & m . uribe - etxebarria ( vitoria - gasteiz ) - """" towards a restrictive theory of the diversity of temporal systems """" 15 . 40 - 16 . 20 t . bhattacharya ( ucl , london ) - """" the subjunctive in bangla """" 16 . 20 - 16 . 40 break 16 . 40 - 17 . 40 d . abusch ( invited speaker - stuttgart ) - """" toward a compositional representation for tense , infinitivals and futurity . """" 17 . 40 - 18 . 00 break 18 . 00 - 19 . 30 plenary discussion - chairs : i . heim ( mit ) & j . higginbotham ( oxford ) 20 . 30 social dinner saturday , july 4th , 1998 conference site : room 5 , via salvecchio 19 ( bergamo alta ) 9 . 30 - 10 . 30 a . giorgi ( bergamo ) & f . pianesi ( itc-irst , trento ) - """" generalised double access reading """" 10 . 30 - 11 . 10 b . hollebrandse ( umass , amherst ) - """" the acquisition of sequence of tense """" 11 . 10 - 11 . 30 break 11 . 30 - 12 . 10 g . katz ( tuebingen ) - """" present - oriented constructions and the perfectivity parameter """" 12 . 10 - 13 . 10 h . kamp ( invited speaker - stuttgart ) - """" deixis and context dependence of time denoting nps and temporal adverbs """" alternates kiyomi kusumoto ( amherst ) - """" a theory of sequence of tense : evidence from a non - sequence-of - tense language """" c . gronemeyer ( lund ) - """" the syntactic basis of evidentiality in lithuanian """" m . r . manzini ( firenze ) - """" the syntax of the subjunctive """" m . ippolito ( mit ) - """" reference time and tense anaphora """" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - how to get to bergamo : milano linate and milano malpensa are the closest international airports . bergamo is about 30 miles away from milan . a taxi from linate to bergamo would cost approximately 80 $ . a taxi from malpensa would cost approximately 120 $ . - if you arrive at milano linate take the bus to """" milano centrale """" station ; the bus leaves every 20 minutes and takes 15 minutes to arrive at the station . - if you arrive at milano malpensa take the bus to """" milano centrale """" station ; the bus leaves every half an hour and takes almost an hour to arrive at the station . - from milano centrale there are some trains to bergamo . otherwise , take the metro from centrale to milano porta garibaldi station ( two stops on the green line ) ; here you find more trains to bergamo . some trains go directly from milan to bergamo , others stop in carnate usmate , where you have to get a connection train to bergamo : both ways take the same time ( 50 minutes ) and cost the same . just take the first train leaving either to carnate or to bergamo . - from venice ( or padua ) : take a train going toward milan and get off in brescia . take the first train to bergamo ( 50 minutes ) . please notice that there are no trains during the night ( after 11pm ) ! more detailed information about trains can be found at the www of ferrovie dello stato ( italian railways ) , where train schedule , bookings , etc . . are also available . the address is : http : / / www . fs-on - line . com / - there is a small airport in bergamo : orio al serio . check at your travel agency whether there are connecting flights which might be useful to you . - once in bergamo : the conference site is in bergamo alta ( the ancient town ) . buy a bus ticket ( about $ 1 ) , take the bus number 1 to the funicolare and then with the same ticket you can take the funicular to the top . addresses and fax numbers : a . giorgi dept . of education and communications sciences university of bergamo piazza vecchia 8 24 100 bergamo , italy giorgi @ ibguniv . unibg . it fax 39-35 - 235136 ; from june 19 : 39-035 - 235136 pianesi @ irst . itc . it fax 39-461 - 302040 ; from june 19 : 39-0461 - 302040 secretary , ms flora drago : flora @ ibguniv . unibg . it fax 39-35 - 235136 ; from june 19 : 39-035 - 235136 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hotels sr = single room dr = double room bergamo alta ( the ancient town , where the conference will take place ) . hotel name san lorenzo , piazza mascheroni 9 sr : itl 138 . 000 breakfast incl . tel . 035-237383 ; fax 035-261661 dr : itl 198 . 000 breakfast incl . san vigilio , via san vigilio 15 dr : itl 170 . 000 no breakfast incl . tel . 035-253179 ; fax 035-402081 agnello d ' oro , via gombito 22 sr : itl 75 . 000 no breakfast incl . tel . 035-249883 ; fax 035 - 235612 dr : itl 125 . 000 no breakfast incl . bergamo bassa ( very close to bergamo alta , 10 minutes by bus / funicular , and very well connected even at night ) arli , largo porta nuova 12 sr : itl 128 . 000 no breakfast incl . tel . 035-222014 ; fax 035-239732 dr : itl 160 . 000 no breakfast incl . piemontese , p . le g . marconi 11 sr : itl 96 . 000 breakfast incl . tel . 035-242629 ; fax 035-230400 dr : itl 136 . 000 breakfast incl . commercio , via tasso 88 sr : ilt 77 . 000 breakfast incl . tel . 035-224096 ; fax 035-220451 dr : itl 110 . 000 breakfast incl . san giorgio , via san giorgio 10 sr : itl 55 . 000 no breakfast incl . tel . 035-212043 ; fax 035 - 310072 dr : itl 90 . 000 no breakfast incl . youth hostel , via galileo ferraris 1 , tel & fax : 035-361724 for further travel information you can contact : agenzia viaggi lorandi , tel . 035-222244 ; fax 035-225053 please notice that it is necessary to reserve in advance , because summer is """" high season """" and last minute arrangements might fail . important : if you want to attend the conference , please send us an e-mail message , or a fax !
 "",0
 2440,""Subject: tromsoe conference on vo and ov
  
  conference roster what : """" vo and ov """" where : university of tromsoe when : 22-23 may , 1998 who : sjef barbiers , leiden university / hil the right-periphery in sov languages : english and dutch michael brody , hungarian academy of science mirror theory and word order hubert haider , university of salzburg ov is more basic than ov alison henry , university of ulster at jordanstown ov phenomena in vo languages - belfast english and ulster irish roland hinterhoelzl , university of southern california licensing movement and stranding in the west germanic ov languages anders holmberg , university of tromsoe ov in finnish thorbjoerg hroarsdottir , university of tromsoe parameter change in icelandic matt pearson , ucla two types of vo languages susan pintzuk , university of york verb - complement word order in old english vaijayanthi sarma , mit a derivational analysis of non-canonical word orders in certain sov languages peter svenonius , university of tromsoe negative object fronting in icelandic tarald taraldsen , university of tromsoe v - movement versus vp - movement in derivations leading to vo order for further information contact peter svenonius , sven @ isl . uit . no
 "",0
 2441,""Subject: iatl 14
  
  israel association for theoretical linguistics forteenth annual conference we enclose details about accommodation , travel and the schedule for iatl 14 , to be held be held in ben gurion university , beer sheva , on june 8 - 9 1998 . we hope you will be able to join us . accommodation : people wishing to book accommodation should contact ariel cohen ( arikc @ bgumail . bgu . ac . il ) asap . there are three main options : * beersheva hilton : single 95 $ , double 115 $ , suite 220 $ ( all prices per night and include breakfast , the prices do not include 17 % vat ) . * neot midbar hotel : single 56 $ , double 74 $ , triple 104 $ , lunch 13 $ , dinner 22 $ ( at the red sand grill restaurant ) . * bgu dorms : shared apartment : 179 nis ( approx 50 $ ) for one night , or 330 nis ( = 93 $ approx ) for up to a week . own apartment ( suitable for a couple ) : 265 nis for one night , or 549 nis for up to a week . travel : beersheva is well connected to both telaviv and jerusalem by fast , air conditioned egged buses ; ask driver for ben gurion university stop . once you ' re safely off the bus , cross the road , main entrance becomes visible immediately . drivers : turn left to ben gurion ave . , which is the street running south of the university and north of a big hospital . take the second left turn ( a turn without a traffic light ; if you hit a light , you have driven too far ) . you will see two gates with barriers ; pick the one on the left - this is the visitors ( paid ) parking . schedule : monday morning ( june 8 ) ( conference hall ) 10 : 30-11 : 00 registration and coffee 11 : 00-11 : 10 greetings 11 : 10-12 : 20 invited talk : g . cinque ( venice ) adverbs and functional heads 12 : 20-13 : 00 s . zuckerman ( groningen ) no true optionality 13 : 00-14 : 30 lunch monday afternoon ( june 8 ) ( conference hall ) 14 : 30-15 : 10 j . quer ( utrecht ) free relatives and the contribution of mood shift 15 : 10-15 : 50 i . landau ( mit ) on possessor raising in hebrew 15 : 50-16 : 30 a . grosu ( tel aviv ) carlsonian contexts are all ` filters ' not ` plugs ' 16 : 30-17 : 00 coffee 17 : 00-17 : 40 d . kolliakou ( newcastle / jerusalem ) linkhood and the syntax of definites 17 : 40-18 : 20 s . wintner ( tuebingen ) definiteness agreement and inheritance in hebrew 20 : 00 dinner tuesday morning ( june 9 ) ( conference hall ) 10 : 30-11 : 00 coffee 11 : 00-11 : 40 k . wexler ( mit ) , j . schaeffer ( beersheva ) , g . bol ( groningen ) verbal syntax and morphology in dutch normal and sli children 11 : 40-12 : 20 i . elisha ( bar ilan ) the minimal competence hypothesis in functional categories and child language 12 : 20-13 : 00 w . sandler ( haifa ) / m . nespor ( amsterdam ) prosodic phonology in sign language 13 : 00-14 : 40 lunch tuesday afternoon ( june 9 ) ( conference hall ) 14 : 40-15 : 20 s . rothstein ( bar ilan ) achievements and progressives 15 : 20-16 : 00 g . brugger ( los angeles ) time points and temporal modification 16 : 00-16 . 30 coffee 16 : 30-17 : 10 b . ritter ( calgary ) agreement in the semitic prefix conjugation : evidence for a non-linear approach to person , number and gender agreement 17 . 10-17 . 50 a . sherman ( santa cruz ) roots and correspondence : denominal verbs in modern hebrew
 "",0
 2442,""Subject: dependency - based grammars at coling - acl
  
  coling - acl ' 98 workshop """" processing of dependency - based grammars """" program saturday , august 15 , 1998 universit de montral montral , canada this one-day workshop will be a meeting point for researchers interested in the implementation of dependency - based grammars ( dgs ) . it will be a forum for presenting different theoretical approaches to dgs , as well as strategies adopted for their implementation . although the focus of this workshop is on dgs , it also aims at establishing connections between different approaches to the modeling and implementation of grammatical phenomena . nine papers have been selected for presentation at the workshop . additionally , four """" short """" papers will be included in the worhsop proceedings . this is the pre-final program for the workshop . the schedule is tentative and may vary slightly . remember that you have to register for the workshop . information about registration can be found at the coling - acl site : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / mainpage . html . schedule for presentations 9h15 - 9h30 opening address 9h30 - 10h00 towards an implementable dependency grammar timo jrvinen and pasi tapanaimen 10h00 - 10h30 unit coordination and gapping in dependency theory vincenzo lombardo and leonardo lesmo 10h30 - 11h00 a type of natural measures of word order freedom toms holan , vladislav kubon , karel oliva and martin pltek 11h00 - 11h15 coffee break 11h15 - 11h45 how to define a context-free backbone for dgs : an experiment in grammar conversion norbert brker 11h45 - 12h15 types of syntagmatic grammatical relations and their representation elke teich 12h15 - 13h30 lunch 13h30 - 14h00 movement rules revisited eva hajicov 14h00 - 14h30 integration of syntactic and lexical information in a hierarchical dependency grammar cristina barbero , leonardo lesmo , vincenzo lombardo and paola merlo 14h30 - 14h45 coffee break 14h45 - 15h15 on parsing binary dependency structures deterministically in linear time harri arnola 15h15 - 15h45 decision procedures for dependency parsing using graded constraints wolfgang menzel and ingo schrder 15h45 - 16h00 closing address short papers * a case study in implementing dependency-based grammars marie bourdon , lyne da sylva , michel gagnon , alma kharrat , sonja knoll and anna maclachlan * parsing with dependency relations and robust parsing jacques courtin and damien genthial * complements and adjuncts in depending grammar parsing emulated by a constrained context - free grammar tom b . y . lai and huang changning * an annotated corpus in japanese using tesnire 's structural syntax yves lepage , ando shin - ichi , akamine susumu and iida hitoshi for information concerning the workshop , please contact either member of the organizing committee . organizing committee sylvain kahane ( talana paris vii / universit paris x ; email : sk @ ccr . jussieu . fr ) alain polgure ( omtl universit de montral ; email : polguera @ ere . umontreal . ca ) program committee * anne abeill ( universit paris vii ) * michael a . covington ( university of georgia ) * michael elhadad ( ben - gurion university ) * sylvain kahane ( talana universit paris vii / universit paris x ) * dick hudson ( university college london ) * igor mel ' cuk ( universit de montral ) * alexis nasr ( universit d ' avignon ) * alain polgure ( omtl universit de montral ) * petr sgall ( charles university ) * jacques vergne ( universit de caen )
 "",0
 2443,""Subject: beyond boundaries ii
  
  european studies research institute university of salford with the universit de toulouse - le mirail call for papers international conference 19-21 february 1999 ' beyond boundaries ii : new europe . . . pan europe ? trajectories and destinations ' following the success of the first ' beyond boundaries ' cross-disciplinary conference in this series , the european studies research institute ( esri ) , with the universit de toulouse - le mirail , is inviting proposals for papers for the above conference . esri comprises four centres : contemporary history and politics , language and linguistics , literary and cultural studies and policy studies . among the themes to be discussed across these centres and in a series of parallel sessions are : discourses and communities , languages , literatures and cultures , ethnicity and national identity . . . the centre for language and linguistics invites submissions for : sociolinguistically orientated papers on themes including : * language , ethnicity and identity * language and variation * linguistic minorities , language politics and language contact * translation , cultures and discourses and for papers to be presented at a : * ' time and space in language and cognition workshop ' , organised by diane blakemore ( esri ) and jasques durand ( equipe de recherche en syntaxe et smantique , cnrs , and dpartement d ' etudes du monde anglophone , toulouse - le mirail ) in association with the north west centre for linguistics . the centre 's keynote speaker will be professor jenny cheshire , who is professor of linguistics at queen mary & westfield college , university of london with a special interest in sociolinguistics . for further information , please contact : professor diane blakemore , department of modern languages , university of salford , salford , greater manchester , m5 4wt uk . telephone : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 4948 facsimile : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 5223 . e - mail : d . blakemore @ mod-lang . salford . ac . uk or : ms charlotte hoffmann , department of modern languages , university of salford , salford , greater manchester , m5 4wt , uk . telephone : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 4390 . facsimile : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 5223 e - mail : c . hoffmann @ mod-lang . salford . ac . uk abstracts ( maximum 300 words ) with title , name , address , institution and status ( where applicable ) should be sent by friday 4 september 1998 to : professor geoff harris , director european studies research institute ( esri ) university of salford salford , greater manchester m5 4wt , uk telephone : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 5275 facsimile : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 5223 e - mail : g . t . harris @ mod-lang . salford . ac . uk
 "",0
 2444,""Subject: international summer school on speech processing
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * international summer school """" neural nets e . r . caianiello """" 3rd course """" a course on speech processing , recognition , and artificial neural networks """" * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * web page : http : / / wsfalco . ing . uniroma1 . it / speeschool . html the school is jointly organized by : international institute for advanced scientific studies ( iiass ) vietri sul mare ( sa ) italy , ettore majorana foundation and center for scientific culture ( emfcsc ) erice ( tr ) , italy supported by : european speech communication association ( esca ) sponsored by : salerno university , dipartimento di scienze fisiche e . r . caianiello ( italy ) directors of the course directors of the school and organizing committee : gerard chollet ( france ) . maria marinaro ( italy ) m . gabriella di benedetto ( italy ) michael jordan ( usa ) anna esposito ( italy ) maria marinaro ( italy ) place : international institute for advanced scientific studies ( iiass ) via pellegrino 19 , 84019 vietri sul mare , salerno ( italy ) dates : 5th - 14th october 1998 student fee : 1500 dollars student fee include accommodations ( arranged by the school ) , meals , one day of excursion , and a copy of the proceedings of the school . transportation is not included . a few scholarships are available for students who are otherwise unable to participate at the school , and who cannot apply for the grants offered by esca . the scholarship will partially cover lodging and living expenses . day time : 3 hour in the morning , three hour in the afternoon . day free : one day with an excursion of the places around . aims : the aim of this school is to present the experiments , the theories and the perspectives of acoustic phonetics , as well as to discuss recent results in the speech literature . the school aims to provide a background for further study in many of the fields related to speech science and linguistics , including automatic speech recognition . the school will bring together leading researchers and selected students in the field of speech science and technology to discuss and disseminate the latest techniques . the school is devoted to an international audience and in particular to all students and scientists who are working on some aspects of speech and want to learn other aspects of this discipline . major topics the school will cover a number of broad themes relevant to speech , among them : 1 ) speech production and acoustic phonetics 2 ) articulatory , acoustic , and prosodic features 3 ) acoustic cues in speech perception 4 ) models of speech perception 5 ) speech processing ( preprocessing algorithms for speech ) 6 ) neural networks for automatic speech recognition 7 ) multi - modal speech recognition and recognition in adverse environments . 8 ) speech to speech translation ( vermobil and cstar projects ) 9 ) applications ( foreign language training aids , aids for handicapped , . . . . ) . 10 ) stochastic models and dialogue systems format the meeting will follow the usual format of tutorials and panel discussions together with poster sessions for contributed papers . the following tutorials are planned : abeer alwan ucla university ( ca ) usa """" models of speech production and their application in coding and recognition """" andrea calabrese university of connecticut ( usa ) """" prosodic and phonological aspects of language """" gerard chollet cnrs - enst france """" alisp , speaker verification , interactive voice servers """" piero cosi cnr - padova italy """" auditory modeling and neural networks """" renato de mori universite d ' avignon , france """" statistical methods for automatic speech recognition """" m . gabriella di benedetto universita ' degli studi di roma """" la sapienza """" , rome , italy ` ` acoustic analysis and perception of classes of sounds ( vowels and consonants ) """" bjorn granstrom royal institute of technology ( kth ) sweden """" multi - modal speech synthesis with application """" jean p . haton universite henri - poincare , crin-inria , france """" neural networks for automatic speech recognition """" hynek hermansky oregon graduate institute , usa """" goals and techniques of speech analysis """" hermann ney computer science department , aachen germany """" algorithms for large vocabulary speech recognition """" """" text and speech translation using statistical methods """" john ohala university of california at berkeley ( ca ) usa """" articulatory constraints on distinctive features """" jean sylvain lienard limsi-cnrs , france """" speech perception , voice perception """" """" beyond pattern recognition """" proceedings the proceedings will be published in the form of a book containing tutorial chapters written by the lecturers and possibly shorter papers from other participants . one free copy of the book will be distributed to each participant . language the official language of the school will be english . poster submission there will be a poster session for contributed presentations from participants . proposals consisting of a one page abstract for review by the organizers should be submitted with applications . duration participants are expected to arrive in time for the evening meal on sunday 4th october and depart on tuesday 15th october . sessions will take place from monday 5th - wednesday 14th . costs the cost per participant of 1 . 500 $ dollars covers accommodation ( in twin rooms ) , meals for the duration of the course , and one day of excursion . - a supplement of 40 dollars per night should be paid for single room . payment details will be notified with acceptance of applications . grants - a few esca grants are available for participants ( which cover tuition and , maybe , part of the lodging ) . see http : / / ophale . icp . inpg . fr / esca / grants . html for further information . individual applications for grants should be sent to wolfgang hess by e-mail : wgh @ sunwgh . ikp . uni-bonn . de eligibility the school is open to all suitably qualified scientists from around the world . application procedure : important date : application deadline : may 30 1998 notification of acceptance : june 15 1998 registration fee payment deadline : july 10 1998 people with few years of experience in the field should include a recommendation letter of their supervisor or group leader places are limited to a maximum of 60 participants in addition to the lecturers . these will be allocated on a first come , first served basis . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * application form title : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ family name : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ other names : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ name to appear on badge : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ mailing address ( include institution or company name if appropriate ) : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ phone : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ fax : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ e - mail : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ date of arrival : date of departure : will you be applying for a esca grant ? yes / no * * ( please delete the alternatives which do not apply ) will you be applying for a scholarship ? yes / no * * ( please delete the alternatives which do not apply ) * ( please include in your application a justification for scholarship request ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * please send the application form together the recommendation letter by electronic mail to : iiass @ tin . it , subject : summer school ; or by fax : + 39 89 761 189 ( att . ne prof . m . marinaro ) or by ordinary mail to the address below : iiass via pellegrino 19 , i84019 vietri sul mare ( sa ) italy for further information please contact : anna esposito international institute for advanced scientific studies ( iiass ) via pellegrino , 19 , 84019 vietri sul mare ( sa ) italy fax : + 39 89 761189 e-mail : annesp @ vaxsa . csied . unisa . it * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * michelina ( elina ) savino dee - politecnico di bari via orabona , 4 - 70125 bari italia tel : + 39 80 5460253 fax : + 39 80 5460410 e-mail : esavino @ poliba . it
 "",0
 2445,""Subject: lagb autumn meeting
  
  linguistics association of great britain autumn meeting 1998 : university of luton first circular and call for papers the 1998 autumn meeting will be held from thursday 10 to saturday 12 september at the university of luton , on its park square campus . the local organiser is vlad zegarac ( vladimir . zegarac @ luton . ac . uk ) . the conference immediately follows the relevance theory workshop , which takes place at the university of luton from 8th to 10th september ( for further information contact : s . nicolle @ mdx . ac . uk ) luton is the largest town in the county of bedfordshire and is situated 30 miles north of london on the edge of the chilterns . luton is surrounded by pleasant countryside with famous walks such as the icknield way . within easy reach of town are public parks for picnics , boating , mini-golf and more . by the late 19th century the town had become a centre for hat and lace manufatcure , but a century on luton is chiefly known for its connections with the motor vehicle industry , as home of vauxhall motors . the park square campus is located in the town centre , close to many pubs , restaurants and the arndale shopping centre . the former luton college of higher education was granted university status in 1993 and underwent significant expansion ( a 30 milion investment programme has provided new teaching , learning and residential facilities for about 15 , 000 students ) . part of this expansion was a new faculty of humanities , including a department of linguistics . accommodation : will be in the university halls of residence , within 5 - 7 minutes walking distance from the park square bilding where the talks will take place . all bedrooms are single . each bedroom is part of a flat , which consists of a bathroom , kitchen and five bedrooms . travel : the university of luton is at the hub of national and international travel networks . it is just off junction 10 of the m1 . london luton airport is ten minutes away by car , and it taks five minutes to walk to the rail station ( the thaneslink rail network with direct trains to london kings cross and to gatwick airport ) . london heathrow airport is 40 minutes away ( by car ) , and london gatwick is an hour and a half from luton either by car or by train . events : the henry sweet lecture 1998 on the thursday evening will be delivered by dan sperber ( cnrs , and crea , ecole politechnique , paris ) . there will be a workshop on experimental pragmatics organised by billy clark ( middlesex university ) . there will be a language tutorial on roshani , a pamir language of the eastern iranian group of indo - european , given by john payne ( university of manchester ) . there will be a wine party on the thursday evening , following dan sperber 's lecture . enquiries about the lagb meeting should be sent to the meetings secretary ( address below ) . full details of the programme and a booking form will be included in the second circular , to be sent out in june . call for papers : members and potential guests are invited to offer papers for the meeting ; abstracts are also accepted from non-members . the lagb welcomes submissions on any linguistics or linguistics-related topic . abstracts must arrive by 5 june 1998 and should be sent in the format outlined below to the following address : professor r . hudson , department of phonetics and linguistics , university college london , gower street , london , wc1e 6bt . papers for the programme are selected anonymously - only the president knows the name of the authors . abstracts must be presented as follows : submit seven anonymous copies of the abstract , plus one with name and affiliation , i . e . camera-ready . the complete abstract containing your title and your name must be no longer than one a4 page ( 21cm x 29 . 5cm / 8 . 27 """" x 11 . 69 """" ) with margins of at least 2 . 5cm ( 1 """" ) on all sides . you may use single spacing and type must be no smaller than 12 point . type uniformly in black and make any additions in black . use the best quality printer you can , since if the paper is accepted the abstract will be photocopied and inserted directly into the collection of abstracts sent out to participants . write your name and address for correspondence on the back of the abstract which has your name on . the following layout should be considered as standard : ( title ) optimality and the klingon vowel shift ( speaker ) clark kent ( institution ) department of astrology , eastern mars university the following guidelines may be useful : 1 . briefly state the topic of your paper . 2 . if your paper is to involve an analysis of linguistic material , give critical examples , along with a brief indication of their critical nature . 3 . state the relevance of your ideas to past work or to the future development of the field . if you are taking a stand on a controversial issue , summarise the arguments which lead you to take up this position . the normal length for papers delivered at lagb meetings is 25 minutes ( plus 15 minutes discussion ) . offers of squibs ( 10 minutes ) or longer papers ( 40 minutes ) will also be considered : please explain why your paper requires less or more time than usual . n . b . abstracts submission dates : these are always announced in the first circular for the meeting in question . any member who fears that they may receive the first circular too late to be able to submit an abstract before the deadline specified can be assured that an abstract received by the president by january 1 or june 1 will always be considered for the next meeting . conference bursaries : there will be a maximum of 10 bursaries available to unsalaried members of the association ( e . g . phd students ) with preference given to those who are presenting a paper . applications should be sent to the president , and must be received by 5 june 1998 . please state on your application : ( a ) date of joining the lagb ; ( b ) whether or not you are an undergraduate or postgraduate student ; ( c ) if a student , whether you receive a normal grant ; ( d ) if not a student , your employment situation . students who are submitting an abstract and wish to apply for funding should include all the above details with their abstract . nominations for speakers : nominations are requested for future guest speakers ; all suggestions should be sent to the honorary secretary . changes of address : members are reminded to notify the membership secretary ( address below ) of changes of address . an institutional address is preferred ; bulk mailing saves postage . committee members : president professor richard hudson , department of phonetics and linguistics , university college london , gower street , london , wc1e 6bt . e - mail : dick @ ling . ucl . ac . uk honorary secretary professor anna siewierska , department of linguistics , university of lancaster , bailrigg , lancaster la1 4yw . e - mail : a . siewierska @ lancaster . ac . uk membership secretary dr . kersti brjars , department of linguistics , university of manchester , manchester m13 9pl . e - mail : k . e . borjars @ manchester . ac . uk meetings secretary dr . marjolein groefsema , department of linguistics , university of hertfordshire , watford campus , aldenham , herts . wd2 8at . e - mail : m . groefsema @ herts . ac . uk treasurer dr . paul rowlett , dept . of modern languages , university of salford , salford m5 4wt . e - mail : p . a . rowlett @ mod-lang . salford . ac . uk assistant secretary dr . april mcmahon , dept . of linguistics , university of cambridge , sidgwick avenue , cambridge cb3 9dq . e - mail : amm11 @ hermes . cam . ac . uk internet home page : the lagb internet home page is now active at the following address : http : / / clwww . essex . ac . uk / lagb . electronic network : please join the lagb electronic network which is used for disseminating lagb information and for consulting members quickly . it can be subscribed to by sending the message """" add lagb """" to : listserv @ postman . essex . ac . uk . future meetings : 8-10 april 1999 university of manchester . 7 - 9 september 1999 university of york . spring 2000 ( provisional ) university college london . autumn 2000 ( provisional ) university of wales , bangor . the meetings secretary would very much like to receive offers of future venues , particularly from institutions which the lagb has not previously visited or from places with newly established linguistics programmes .
 "",0
 2446,""Subject: workshop on embodied conversational character
  
  2nd call for papers the first workshop on embodied conversational characters granlibakken resort & conference center at lake tahoe tahoe city ( north shore ) california , usa october 12-15 , 1998 with the support of aaai cooperation of acm / sigchi recent advances in several core software technologies have made possible a new type of human-computer interface : the conversational character . conversational characters are autonomous , anthropomorphic , animated figures that have the ability to communicate through multiple modalities , including spoken language , facial expressions , and gestures . unlike textual natural language interfaces , conversational characters have the ability to perceive and produce the verbal and non-verbal signals that identify discourse structure and regulate the flow of information between interlocutors . such signals include intonational patterns , gestures , back-channel feedback signals , and turn-taking protocols . these capabilities enable them to engage in complex interactions with human users via natural speech rather than complex command languages , menus or graphical manipulations . research on conversational characters has emerged from a number of disciplines , including , among others , artificial intelligence , computational linguistics , computer animation , computer vision , psychology , cognitive science , virtual reality , cscw , and hci . this diversity is naturally reflected in the broad range of active research areas in conversational character interfaces . the primary goal of this workshop is to advance the state of conversational character research and development by identifying novel approaches to the topics and issues listed below , and integrating them into a framework for embodied , conversational human-computer interaction . selected contributors will be invited to expand and refine their papers for inclusion in a book to be published by addison - wesley . the aims of this book will be to introduce , define , and advance the field ; to give a snapshot of current work in it ; and to suggest future challenges and opportunities . particular topics of interest include , but are not limited to : * multi - modal interaction * autonomy * recognition & perception of speech , * behavior / dialogue planning gesture , facial expressions , etc . * distribution of semantic information * reactivity and opportunism across multiple modalities * rendering techniques * representation * semantic representations for * character individuation non-verbal communication * dialogue planning * affect and personality * turn - taking and back-channel signals * user studies * spoken language processing * tools for character * discourse structure building / authoring * intonation * architectures & applications papers should address one or more of these topics . demonstrations and video presentations of working systems are strongly encouraged . format the two and a half-day workshop will include several paper sessions , organized around emerging themes , with follow-up panel discussions . in addition , there will be a demonstration session for authors to present working systems . attendance attendance will be limited to 35-40 people . preference will be given to authors whose papers have been selected for presentation at the workshop . submission requirements paper submissions are due on june 15 , 1998 , and should be no longer than 6 pages ( 10-12 point font ) . upon acceptance , authors will be given the opportunity to expand their papers to 8-10 pages . electronic submissions in postscript or microsoft word formats are preferred , and should be sent to prevost @ pal . xerox . com . otherwise , send four hardcopies to : scott prevost attn : embodied conversational characters workshop fx palo alto laboratory 3400 hillview avenue , bldg . 4 palo alto , ca 94304 voice : 650 / 813-7701 deadlines submissions due june 15th notification of acceptance august 17th final papers due september 14th workshop october 12th - 15th workshop organizers joseph w . sullivan , fx palo alto lab , usa ( sullivan @ pal . xerox . com ) justine cassell , mit media laboratory , usa ( justine @ media . mit . edu ) workshop program committee committee co - chairs : scott prevost , fx palo alto lab , usa ( prevost @ pal . xerox . com ) elizabeth churchill , fx palo alto lab , usa ( churchill @ pal . xerox . com ) committee members : elisabeth andr , dfki gmbh , germany ( elisabeth . andre @ dfki . de ) gene ball , microsoft research , usa ( geneb @ microsoft . com ) phil cohen , oregon graduate institute , usa ( pcohen @ cse . ogi . edu ) barbara hayes - roth , stanford univ . , usa ( hayes-roth @ cs . stanford . edu ) kenji mase , atr international , japan ( mase @ mic . atr . co . jp ) clifford nass , stanford university , usa ( nass @ leland . stanford . edu ) mark steedman , university of pennsylvania , usa ( steedman @ cis . upenn . edu ) kris thorisson , lego a / s , denmark ( kris @ digi . lego . com ) demos chair : timothy bickmore , isii inc . , usa ( bickmore @ pal . xerox . com ) additional information for more information , please consult the workshop web page : www . fxpal . com / wecc98 /
 "",0
 2447,""Subject: fourth mid-continental workshop on phonology ( mcwop 4 )
  
  where : university of michigan , ann arbor , michigan . when : beginning afternoon on friday , october 16 , and ending sunday morning , october 18 , 1998 . what : as in the three previous workshops , we intend this to be a fairly informal gathering , open to students and faculty , but especially suitable for graduate students presenting work in progress . we hope it will be possible , as before , to accept all abstract submissions , but if the number of submissions received exceeds the capacity of the workshop , we will find a solution then . presentations dealing with any of the various areas of phonological investigation ( broadly construed ) are welcome . presentations are planned to be approximately 20 minutes in length with an additional period of discussion . who : you , hopefully . what to do to present : provide us with a title which clearly indicates the paper 's topic and scope , your name and affiliation , and , if possible , a brief ( 1 - 2 paragraph ) summary of the content of the talk before september 20 . e - mail submissions to the mcwop organizing committee at mcwop4 @ umich . edu further information : email to mcwop4 @ umich . edu
 "",0
 2448,""Subject: document design
  
  on december 17 and 18 , 1998 , tilburg university will host the first international conference on document design the conference will address research on the design of informative , instructive , and persuasive texts . aim the aim of the conference is to bring together researchers who are interested in document design and who are working in the field of discourse studies , ( cognitive ) linguistics , educational psychology , speech communication , technical documentation , communication science , social psychology , cognitive psychology , marketing communication , and so on . contributions the organizers invite contributions on how document design decisions and the choice of message variables affect the function and use of informative , instructive , or persuasive documents . methodologies methodologies used may range from experimental and ( corpus ) analytical to case studies . message variables may concern content , structure , style , lay-out , audience , and so on . deadline for abstracts : may 15 , 1998 for further information you can visit our website : http : / / cwis . kub . nl / ~ fdl / research / tw / docdes98 / index . htm or contact document . design98 @ kub . nl
 "",0
 2449,""Subject: gala ' 97 proceedings ( change of address )
  
  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dr antonella sorace tel : + 44 131 650-3493 / 3864 university of edinburgh , fax : + 44 131 650-6526 department of applied linguistics antonella @ ling . ed . ac . uk 14 buccleuch place , edinburgh eh8 9ln , scotland http : / / www . ling . ed . ac . uk / ~ antonell - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - proceedings of the gala ' 97 conference on language acquisition * * * * * * * * * change of address * * * * * * * * * the highly successful gala ' 97 conference on language acquisition took place in edinburgh in april 1997 , attracting some 200 researchers in language acquisition from around the world . information about the conference and abstracts of the papers may be found at the gala ' 97 website http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / gala / the printed proceedings of that conference are now available . they contain 93 6 - page papers covering first language syntax and semantics , acquisition of phonetics and phonology , cognitive modelling , second language syntax and semantics , second language psycholinguistics , impaired acquisition , bilingual acquisition . all of these papers were presented at the conference either as papers or posters . the volume ( 540 pp . isbn 1 902242 00 9 ) can be ordered directly . to order , please make a cheque or money-order , in uk pounds sterling , payable to """" the university of edinburgh """" . also , print out and fill in the order form below and address them to : gala ' 97 proceedings human communication research centre the university of edinburgh 2 buccleuch place edinburgh eh8 9lw uk note that this address is different from that included in a previous announcement . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + gala ' 97 proceedings . order form . please send me . . . . . copies of the gala ' 97 proceedings . send them to : ( name and address ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the cost per copy is 16 . 00 pounds sterling . please tick your postal requirements ( cost is per copy ) tick cost destination . . . . 4 . 15 pounds . within uk . ( first class , one price ) . . . . 5 . 29 pounds anywhere in the rest of europe ( airmail ) . . . . 12 . 03 pounds usa and rest of the world ( airmail ) . . . . 5 . 21 pounds usa and rest of the world ( surface mail - allow 4 - 6 weeks ) total the cost of the book ( s ) and the ( combined ) postage . please add 35p for each copy if you are paying by credit card ( see below ) . i enclose cheque / money order to the value of . . . . . . . . we are able to accept payment from a variety of credit cards ( visa , mastercard , switch , and delta ) . payments made by credit card incur an additional charge of 2 % of the total amount due ( see above ) . if you wish to pay by credit card , please print out the following form , complete it and return it to us by post . ( you are advised not to send your credit card details by email . also , we require an actual signature . ) name : address to which the card is registered : card type ( visa , mc , switch , delta ) : card number : valid from : expiry data : amount due : total to be charged to card : signature : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
 "",0
 2450,""Subject: meeting notice
  
  fourth mid-continental workshop on phonology ( mcwop 4 ) where : university of michigan , ann arbor , michigan . when : beginning afternoon on friday , october 16 , and ending sunday morning , october 18 , 1998 . what : as in the three previous workshops , we intend this to be a fairly informal gathering , open to students and faculty , but especially suitable for graduate students presenting work in progress . we hope it will be possible , as before , to accept all abstract submissions , but if the number of submissions received exceeds the capacity of the workshop , we will find a solution then . presentations dealing with any of the various areas of phonological investigation ( broadly construed ) are welcome . presentations are planned to be approximately 20 minutes in length with an additional period of discussion . who : you , hopefully . what to do to present : provide us with a title which clearly indicates the paper 's topic and scope , your name and affiliation , and , if possible , a brief ( 1 - 2 paragraph ) summary of the content of the talk before september 20 . e - mail submissions to the mcwop organizing committee at mcwop4 @ umich . edu further information : email to mcwop4 @ umich . edu
 "",0
 2451,""Subject: australian linguistics society
  
  final call for papers als-98 australian linguistics society conference als-98 july 3 - 5 , 1998 university of queensland brisbane , queeensland , australia local organizer : john ingram submission deadline : february 28 , 1998 the 1998 annual conference of the australian linguistics society ( als ) will be held at emmanuel college , the university of queensland , 3 - 5 july , just prior to ali-98 ( australian linguistics institute ) . the conference organizers invite submissions on any area of contemporary linguistic research . papers will be given as oral presentations , 25 minutes , plus 5 minutes for questions . abstracts will be reviewed for suitability as conference presentations . selected papers will be published electronically as refereed conference proceedings . * how to submit abstracts abstracts ( approx . 300 words ) may be submitted by mail , e-mail , or fax . submissions must be received by february 28 , 1998 . at the top of the abstract please include your name , affiliation , address , telephone and fax numbers , and e-mail address . email submission of abstracts is preferred to : als98 @ cltr . uq . edu . au otherwise , mail abstracts to : the organizers , als-98 department of english university of queensland brisbane , 4072 , australia fax : + 61 7 3365 2799 * for questions or more information on the conference please check our conference website : http : / / www . cltr . uq . oz . au : 8000 / als98 / or contact john ingram department of english university of queensland brisbane 4072 australia jingram @ lingua . cltr . uq . edu . au fax : + 61 7 3365 2799
 "",0
 2452,""Subject: scil 10
  
  call for papers . student conference in linguistics 10 special theme : linguistics in cognitive science keynote speaker : lila gleitman june 6 - 7 , 1998 northwestern university the 10th annual student conference in linguistics will be held at northwestern university in june 1998 . scil is a student-run conference run which aims to bring together graduate students from around the world to present their research and build connections with other students . the proceedings are published in the mit working papers in linguistics . we invite original , unpublished work in any area of linguistics . we would particularly like to encourage submissions which border other disciplines , in keeping with the conference theme . this includes , but is not limited to , psycholinguistics , computational linguistics , anthropological linguistics , speech perception and language acquisition . guidelines for submission : please submit ten copies of a one-page , 500 - word , anonymous abstract for a twenty-minute paper ( optionally , one additional page for data and / or references may be appended ) , along with a 3 """" by 5 """" card with : ( 1 ) your name , ( 2 ) your affiliation , ( 3 ) your address , phone number , and e-mail address , ( 4 ) the title of the paper , and ( 5 ) an indication of which subdivision of linguistics best describes the topic ( e . g . , phonetics , phonology , syntax , semantics , psycholinguistics , anthropological linguistics , computational linguistics , etc . ) the abstract should be as specific as possible , and it should clearly indicate the data covered , outline the arguments presented , and include any broader implications of the work . the deadline for receipt of abstracts is friday march 13 . send abstracts to : scil 10 department of linguistics northwestern university 2016 sheridan road evanston , il 60208 e - mail abstracts will be accepted in ascii only . the email message should also contain your name , affiliation , address , phone number , and e-mail address , the title of your paper , and the area of linguistics within which it falls . email abstracts should be submitted to scil @ ling . nwu . edu by 5pm on march 13 . further information is available at http : / / www . ling . nwu . edu / ~ scil . questions can be directed to scil @ ling . nwu . edu .
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 2453,""Subject: conference announcement : talc 98
  
  * * * * * call for registration : talc98 * * * * * * * * the 3rd international conference on teaching and language corpora will be held at keble college , oxford between 24 and 27 july 1998 . the use of large computer-held corpora of real language , no longer novel in linguistic research , is increasingly a focus of attention for language teachers . experiments in data driven learning and corpus-based methods are beginning to bear fruit in a wide range of language teaching environments . this international conference will bring together practitioners and theorists with a common interest in the usability of corpus data for such purposes as : * language teaching and learning * student-centred learning and investigation * cross-linguistic comparison * cultural and historical studies the conference programme includes : * a choice of pre-conference workshops classroom corpora ( chris tribble ) ; parallel corpora ( knut hofland ) ; the battle of the giants : boe vs . bnc ( jem clear and guy aston ) * invited lectures from jem clear ( cobuild ) , and from professsor jean aitchison ( oxford ) * about 40 formal papers * poster sessions * book and software exhibits full details of the speakers and the programme , including rates and registration forms , are available at the conference website : http : / / users . ox . ac . uk / ~ talc98 note registrations received before 29th may will qualify for a discount an additional registration fee will be charged for workshops workshop registration will close on 30 june ; places are limited
 "",0
 2454,""Subject: sampson : educating eve
  
  g . sampson , ( 1997 ) educating eve : the language instinct debate , cassell , london , 184pp . reviewed by feargal murphy , university college dublin . the rise of generative linguistics in 60s gave a new lease of life to the old nature vs . nurture debate . the behaviourist model of language was judged a failure at explaining the process of language acquisition and a new theory of language acquisition emerged . it was rooted in the philosophy of descartes in the 17th century as well as humboldt and , ultimately , plato . it came to be known as linguistic nativism or rationalist linguistics and is most associated with noam chomsky . the central tenet of this theory is that children are born with some kind of language acquisition device already in place in their brains which allows them to acquire the language of their environment . within linguistic nativism there has been some debate as to whether this device provides merely general rules that allow for the acquisition of language or whether it is a rich innate system that provides a complete basis for language acquisition so that a child can acquire the complexities of a language at a time when its general cognitive development could not possibly cope with such complexity . the rationalist tradition behind linguistic nativism has always been in contrast with empiricism which states that all ideas and knowledge ( including knowledge of language ) come from experience obtained through the senses and that there can be no innate knowledge . a view that goes back to the 17th century and the writings of locke , berkeley and hume and in the modern era has also been associated with the philosophers of the vienna circle and karl popper . _ educating eve _ will certainly not determine the outcome of the nature vs . nurture debate , nor will it , in my opinion , lead to any productive insight into the debate . the book fails to understand the scope and import of the nativist arguments and consequently falls short of presenting a genuine criticism of it . as it stands the book will be applauded by those who are already favourably disposed towards its conclusions and derided by those who are not . _ educating eve _ ( henceforth _ ee _ ) argues against the writings of chomsky , as well as pinker 's ' the language instinct ' , bickerton 's ' language and species ' and jackendoff 's ' patterns in the mind ' . these three books are essentially aimed at the general rather than the specialist reader . the result of targeting these three books is to make the arguments against nativism appear weak and superficial . the desire to rescue public opinion from the wrong path is a recurring theme in the author 's work . in his _ language and liberty _ , which also argued for a non-nativist view of language , the main aim was to discourage people from following left wing politics . the author 's politics , unfortunately , emerge as a strong force in this book . given the importance of the nativism debate i shall focus primarily on the more important linguistic issues , leaving aside politics except when they cloud the issues surrounding nativism the alternative to nativism that this book argues for is essentially a version of karl popper 's empiricism . according to this view the ability to learn may be innate but there are no domain specific innate mechanisms involved in learning . people learn the language of the community they belong to in the same way that they learn anything else , by trial and error . they ' make original though fallible conjectures and test them against objective reality ' ( p . 137 - all quotes are from _ ee _ unless otherwise indicated ) . eventually , using this method , each individual comes to learn a language . what they learn are ' wholly cultural constructs ' ( p . 137 ) , an e - language rather than an i - language , to use chomsky 's terminology . note that the conception of language in _ ee _ is totally different from those of chomsky , jackendoff , bickerton or pinker . for these nativists , language cannot belong to a society rather than to the individual . this issue is not actually addressed in the book . _ ee _ merely states that language is a cultural artifact and not biological , but does not furnish any evidence for this claim . the book also states popper 's belief that the mind is not amenable to scientific theorising ( p . 138 ) . i am unable to find any evidence in the book to support this claim . however , if one assumes that the mind is outside the domain of scientific inquiry then it simply becomes impossible to engage in a debate about the merits of the specifics of any nativist theory . the first task this book undertakes is to demolish chomsky 's arguments for nativism ( only sourcing material up to 1991 ) and then to demolish the 's econd wave ' nativists - with pinker foremost in the second wave . the book utilises many arguments , some more noteworthy than others , and it would be beyond the scope of this review to examine them all . i will look at a few of the arguments , more or less at random . the arguments against chomsky centre on what sampson perceives as the basis of nativism : 1 : speed of acquisition 2 : age - dependence 3 : poverty of data 4 : convergence among grammars 5 : language universals 6 : species - specificity _ ee _ claims the first argument ( speed of acquisition ) is hollow as there is no way of determining what exactly 's peed ' could be in this area . however , it seems uncontroversial enough that children acquire language faster than adults and that they do so without the problems that adults encounter . there is no attempt in the book to address the notion of whether different languages are acquired at different speeds or whether different children acquiring the same language do so in radically different sequences . this would seem to be a distinct possibility if we do not have an innate language specific faculty but rather rely on some generalised learning mechanism . a look at the evidence regarding language acquisition across languages would have helped make the case conclusive . the book should have dealt more with data available in order to show that only a non-nativist account of language acquisition could capture the facts . instead _ ee _ relies on the notion that the popperian account can cope just as well as a nativist account and is closer to the ' common sense ' view of language . but this does not prove that a popperian account is right . chomsky 's second argument ( age - dependence ) is dismissed because , the book states , humans can learn language at any age """" if they see the task as worthwhile """" ( p . 36 ) . however , the author does not describe any procedure for assessing the worthwhileness of the task . why a child would find it worthwhile to learn a language when its needs are being met by compliant adults responding to non-linguistic communication is not addressed . if the early vocalisations of children are evidence of the beginnings of language acquisition , then the child is deciding at a very early age that language is ' worthwhile ' , at a stage when it seems difficult to believe the child is weighing up any options to see what may or may not be worthwhile . following this logic we could extend the criterion of """" worthwhileness """" to other ' learning ' such as ' learning to walk ' and eliminate the innate component from that as well . the book states that there are """" plenty of cases on record of adults mastering a second language to native-speaker standard apart from accent """" ( p . 36 ) ; i am not quite sure what it might mean to achieve native-speaker standard apart from accent . what the book suggests - without providing any crucial evidence - - is that """" learning as a general process is for biological reasons far more rapid before puberty than after """" ( p . 37 ) . this is supposed to show that age dependence is not proof of a critical period for language acquisition using some innate language acquisition device - - a critical period being one of the features that is characteristic of innate behaviour . the age dependence , according to the book , falls out from the slowing down of the learning process in general after puberty . this , however , seems to contradict the other argument against age dependence ; that an adult can master a second language to native speaker standard . the author also states that """" susan curtiss herself regarded genie as refuting the strong version of lenneberg 's claim , that natural language acquisition cannot occur after puberty """" ( p . 37 ) . susan curtiss might want to respond to that one herself . my understanding of her work on genie is that genie did have language ( that is , rule-governed creative linguistic behaviour ) but was not able to achieve anything close to native speaker competence while under observation ( curtiss , p . 204 ) even though it would indeed have been ' worthwhile ' to do so . furthermore her linguistic development did not follow the same course as children acquiring language normally . this suggests that genie 's ability to learn language was diminished due to her age but the important point is that her cognitive development in other areas seemed not to be so affected . it would also have been worthwhile for chelsea to have learned language , yet chelsea did not achieve native speaker standard ( see jackendoff 's _ patterns in the mind _ ) . the third argument presented by chomsky for nativism , according to the book , is poverty of data during acquisition . the arguments against chomsky presented in the book do not bear close scrutiny . according to the book , motherese provides a """" graded series of language lessons """" ( p . 39 ) and is not at all degenerate , as the poverty of data argument states . this is not particularly new ( the references cited by the author are from the early 70s ) . the fact is , however , that we really do not yet know what role - if any - motherese plays in learning / acquiring a language . but one thing worth noting is that there is no language teaching theory that proposes that adults could be most effectively taught a second language through being taught in motherese . it is also true that there do not yet exist conclusive studies on the universality of motherese ( although the wide variety of language groups studied show a high degree of similarity ) . in some cultures motherese seems to play less of a role and is different to the motherese we see in the english speaking world . in fact motherese or child directed speech seems not to make the task of learning / acquiring language all that much easier but what it does is allow for a high degree of socialisation . this can be seen in the fact that the simplification of structure decreased greatly when the parent and child were no longer in the presence of the observer but merely being taped . the motherese wa s not for the benefit of the child only . of course , if language is not in any way innate we are left with the problem of explaining how child directed speech is so perfectly a """" graded series of language lessons """" for the infant , despite the fact that adults are not taught how to give language lessons , perhaps empiricist would have to say that the ability to give """" a graded series of lessons """" in language is innate . the author states that a popperian account of language learning would allow for a child to determine the general principles from the input ( as it would for an adult who wants to learn a language ) . this is important as the nativist account holds that the basic principles of language are innate and thus are available for use in determining what is going on in the language input . individuals learning a language via a popperian method would use their learning abilities to work out the general principles from the input without any of these principles being already available in the head . but what are we to make of cases of * specific language impairment * where the rate of learning / acquisition a language seems different from other areas of learning ? the whole basis of a popperian analysis is that language acquisition is not different from any other domain where learning occurs . consequently , it predicts that there could be no difference between the acquisition of language and learning in other cognitive domains . this prediction runs counter to reported facts as clearly presented in yamada 's 1990 book ' laura : a case study for the modularity of language ' . in arguing against chomsky , the author takes chomsky 's much used example of english speaking children determining how to ask yes / no questions . he is seeking to show that chomsky is being dishonest in his analysis by not verifying the data . a child working out how to make a yes / no question in english has to work out that if any verb is to be moved it has to be the verb in the main clause and not just the first verb encountered in the sentence . to work this out , a child has to distinguish between verbs and other words and also between main verbs and auxiliary verbs as well as knowing the structure of the phrases in the sentence . then the child has to work out that auxiliary verbs in the main clause can move to the beginning of the sentence but that main verbs appear in the infinitive while a tensed 'd o ' occurs at the beginning of the sentence . chomsky 's point is that children learn to make these distinctions and move the appropriate verb from the appropriate position to form a yes / no question with great ease . both the author and chomsky agree on the analysis of the rule involved in forming a yes / no question but where they differ is in their belief about the * exposure * of children to yes / no questions where the main clause is not the first clause in the sentence but rather a subordinate clause appears first , as in : is the man who is talking to bill wearing gloves ? chomsky 's claim is that a child may not encounter such a question in the language s / he hears before determining the rule of yes / no question formation . _ ee _ argues that such sentences are indeed present in the language that children hear . what the book actually has to prove is that all children hear this crucial form of yes / no question before they determine the yes / no question formation rule . this is not shown but instead it is argued that such structures are available to children who read ; but children who do n't read learn language as well . indeed it is quite possible that children form the rule about yes / no question formation before the ever learn to read . the author claims that he shows that chomsky is ' wildly mistaken ' ( p . 42 ) , he paraphrases the situation as follows : """" . . the man who is the world 's leading living intellectual , according the cambridge university a second plato is basing his radical reassessment of human nature largely on the claim that a certain thing never happens ; he tells us that it strains his credulity to think that it might happen , but he has never looked , and people who have looked find that it happens a lot . """" ( p . 42-43 ) the people who have looked are sampson himself and geoff pullum ( p . 42 ) but they have only checked sources of written language but as i have said this ignores the fact that illiterate children can also speak . in fact , so enamoured is the author with the written word that he argues that , historically , hypotaxis emerges as literacy develops . somehow the organisation involved in writing leads to great leaps forward in language . he does finally admit that there is no great research on this topic but blames linguistics departments for this ( """" this is not a popular topic of research in linguistics departments """" , p . 75 ) . there is nothing to prevent the taping of the speakers of modern pre-literate languages - if one can find any cultures that could be classed as pre-literate without any qualifications - in order to test for the occurrence of hypotaxis but the author does n't seem to have u ndertaken this task . the book does n't opt fully for the idea that there was little or no hypotaxis in the languages of ancient pre-literate cultures as the author states , hedging his bets : """" if there was little or no hypotaxis in these languages """" [ the hebrew of the old testament etc . ] """" that is a real difference between them and more recent languages """" . ( p . 75 ) for obvious reasons we can never answer the question of whether or not there was hypotaxis in hebrew before writing or indeed while writing was still a fairly recent innovation . it is true that serious investigation into parataxis and subordination in various languages has been carried out and goes back over one hundred years . the book claims that """" it was a cliche of late nineteenth century linguistics that the early stages of languages with a long recorded history showed a development from what was called parataxis to hypotaxis """" ( p . 74 ) . it cites great linguists like karl brugmann , hermann paul and eduard hermann as support for the notion that languages go from a paratactic stage to a hypotactic stage . but there are two problems with this . firstly , not all nineteenth century linguists would have been happy with the notion that hypotaxis emerged as writing developed . hermann jacobi 's 1897 work ' composition und nebensatz ' concluded that """" maori , like early stages of pie may not have had contained a relative particle """" in subordination ( lehmann , p . 60 ) . so jacobi is claiming that pie did have subordination which is the basis of hypotaxis for brugmann , paul and hermann . secondly , there is really no reason to believe that nineteenth century linguists got everything right in comparative and historical linguistics . the idea that hypotaxis emerged from a previous stage must be seen alongside other ideas in nineteenth century linguistics about the development of languages from primitive systems to more complex systems . the fourth argument the book looks at is convergence among grammars - the notion that people of varying levels of intelligence and exposure to different language inputs , converge on the same grammar . the book claims ( p . 46 ) that chomsky has admitted that educated people may know their mother tongue better . this does not fit in with an i - language approach and so is obviously not representative of chomsky 's theory of language . an i - language approach excludes the possibility of a mother tongue ( an e - language ) that people have mastered to varying degrees . for chomsky such things as english or hungarian or swahili do not exist in any meaningful way . this is controversial , but the point is that for chomsky there is no mother tongue divorced from an individual 's knowledge of it . the second line of argument identified by sampson is that people do not actually converge on the same grammar as they give different grammatical judgments in response to the same data . the book refers to labov 's work - presented in austerlitz ( 1974 ) - where respondents varied in their judgments about the grammaticality of presented sentences . the really interesting thing here is that the people taking the test understood the instructions - oral and written - which they were given concerning the test . it is hard to see how they could all have the same understanding of what was said to them unless they had pretty much the same grammars . the language that was used in their instructions would most likely have contained a variety of syntactic constructions , but there are no reports of the people completing the test remarking on the ungrammaticality of any of the instructions they were given . it is easy to find people varying in groups and even as individuals over time when you ask them to assess sentences such as : ' every one of the boys did n't go there ' . the fact that individuals will differ in their judgment over time shows that what is being tested is not the individual 's competence because an adult 's competence does not vary - although their performance might . a large number of factors determine whether an individual would judge a sentence like the one given above as perfectly grammatical or borderline or totally ungrammatical . but the fact that there is a variation in the reported judgments does not in fact constitute an argument against convergence among grammars it is not a test of grammars but rather a test of performance . intuitions about sentences involving scope relations of quantifiers and negation vary because of the many factors that bear on performance . the book also contends ( pp . 107 - 137 ) that the existence of language universals can be explained by the fact that a popperian learning system will automatically yield such universals . they are not the result of the nature of the language faculty but instead derive from the popperian system of learning . again , the author does not show that a popperian account is better than a nativist account at capturing the facts . if the case against nativism is to be proven , then those language universals that we can agree to exist must be explicable either within a popperian system * only * or at least they should be explained better by a popperian learning theory . the book does not do this . the book targets pinker 's ' the language instinct ' . why sampson decides to devote so much effort to the book is somewhat puzzling . pinker 's book is aimed at a fairly general audience and as such is not really a worthwhile target . among the arguments against pinker we find the assumption that surnames are actual words in individual languages . this means that the existence of a person in england with 's ri ' as the first three letters in his surname means that 's ri ' is a possible initial consonant cluster in english ( p . 83 ) . the author also can't resist taking a pot-shot at what he imagines pinker 's political views to be . the tone of his response to pinker is one of condescension which can be irritating and detracts from any points that the author may be trying to make as well as being irrelevant to the substantive issues . but the worst attack is saved for bickerton . the book seeks to portray him as an intellectual lightweight in a most unappealing way ( p . 76 ) : """" [ bickerton 's ] stuff must be a real hit with green students on hawaii """" . it is surely not too much to expect that personal abuse would be kept out of the realm of intellectual debate . the book also takes on jackendoff stating that jackendoff writes well : """" jackendoff is one of the best writers among the linguistic nativists """" ( p . 76 ) , but not forgiving him for being a nativist . """" if jackendoff reaches for the word ' instinct ' so hastily in these cases , how can we trust him to use the word judiciously where there are real questions to be resolved """" ( p . 79 ) . the main issue picked up on in jackendoff 's work relates to sign language . at one stage the author says ( arguing against jackendoff 's analysis of universal grammar ) : """" jackendoff has shortly beforehand pointed out that one aspect of american sign language grammar is not paralleled in any spoken language . the sign-language equivalent of the third person pronouns ( she , they , his ) consists of gesturing ( with hand shapes and movements that depend on whether the reference is singular , plural or possessive ) to locations in the signing space which have been assigned to successive topics of conversations . ' the effect is that there are as many different third-person pronouns available as there are discernible locations in the signing space ' . no spoken language has a pronoun system remotely like this , so how can it be part of our innate knowledge . """" ( p . 78 ) the author is missing the point here . sign language expresses person , number , gender and possession as spoken language does and not some other features not found in spoken language . so the system the same as spoken language . the use of pronouns in sign language is exactly the same as the use of pronouns in spoken language and is based on universal grammar , what is different is the modality . the availability of the signing space means that a signer can introduce a greater number of pronouns into the discourse as each pronoun can be allocated a location in the signing space without leading to any confusion . this is the same as the fact that i could use as many second person singular pronouns as i wanted as long as i looked at the individual that i was addressing with that pronoun . looking at the person that i was referring to with the pronoun is really the same as the signer using the sign space to tag pronouns . this is not just true of second person pronouns . i could be talking about , say , the members of a football team and refer to each individual using a third person pronoun . i could be quite clear in my own head who is being picked out each time , it would just be confusing to the person i was talking to . this is because there would be no way for them to distinguish the referents of each of the pronouns . in sign language i can exploit the possibility of the signing space by tagging each meaning of a pronoun with a location in space so that the whole thing does not get confusing . the potential in both oral and sign language is the same , but sign can exploit the signing space in a way that oral language cannot . the point is that the limitations are not imposed by language but by the modality . what jackendoff is saying is that the same universal grammar underlies language no matter what the modality . the last chapter in the book ( ' the creative mind ' ) presents sampson 's view of popper . it is not without problems and the author devotes much time to arguing that popper did n't always mean what he said and that sampson 's analysis of popper is the best . however , the crucial lines in the chapter for the purposes of nature vs . nurture are : """" minds are not a topic open to scientific theorising . """" ( p . 139 ) and """" the position adopted in this book is that conscious human minds are not physical entities . talking about minds is not a way of talking about high-level aspects of brain functioning . minds and bodies are different and separate things which act on one another . """" ( p . 138 ) for all those people who believe that minds are indeed a topic open to scientific theorising this will render anything else the book has to say suspect . modern nativists ( as well as most non-nativists ) view the mind as amenable to scientific theorising . for chomsky there is no other possible way to study the mind ( chomsky 1993 , 1995 ) . it is hard to see how a significant debate can take place between two such opposite points of view . the author is committed to the cause of a popperian analysis of language learning / acquisition but will never be able to convert a nativist to his way of thinking until he can gain an understanding of the motivations for adopting a nativist position or reconcile himself with the possibility that nativism may be a stance that an intelligent person can adopt . the author seems to imagine himself fighting a rear guard action against the hordes of misguided nativists who , as he sees it , are close to winning the hearts and minds of the masses . one important aspect of this book is that it can be read as a means of testing how one feels about linguistic nativism . unfortunately for sampson 's crusade , it had the effect of making me prefer the nativist analysis even more than before . ( more background information about the author , geoffrey sampson , and the book ' educating eve ' is available at : http : / / www . grs . u-net . com / ) bibliography : r . austerlitz ( ed ) ( 1974 ) , the scope of american linguistics , peter de ridder press . n . chomsky ( 1993 ) , """" naturalism and dualism in the study of language """" , international journal of philosophical studies , 2 ( 2 ) : 181 - 209 . n . chomsky ( 1995 ) , """" language and nature """" , mind , 104 ( 403 ) : 1 - 61 . s . curtiss ( 1977 ) , genie : a psycholinguistic study of a modern day """" wild child """" , academic press . p . fletcher and b . macwhinney ( eds ) ( 1995 ) , the handbook of child language , blackwell . w . p . lehmann ( 1974 ) , proto - indo - european syntax , university of texas press . g . sampson ( 1979 ) , liberty and language , oup . g . sampson ( 1980 ) , schools of linguistics , hutchinson . j . yamada ( 1990 ) , laura : a case for the modularity of language , mit press . feargal murphy , lecturer in the department of linguistics , university college dublin . http : / / www . ucd . ie / ~ linguist / gogs2 . html
 "",0
 2455,""Subject: usc ea syntax workshop : reminder
  
  usc workshop on syntax of east asian languages november 6 - 8 , 1998 this workshop is an attempt to intergrate the diachronic and synchronic study of chinese , japanese and korean syntax , concentrating on the issues of the structures and interpretations of nominal expressions and the syntax and morphology of function words . the list of invited speakers currently includes : james huang ( university of california , irvine ) yafei li ( university of wisconsin ) tsulin mei ( cornell university ) alain peyraube ( crlao , ehess ) naoki fukui ( university of california , irvine ) satoshi kinsui ( kobe university and osaka university ) s . - y . kuroda ( university of california , san diego ) yukinori takubo ( kyusyu university ) hee - don ahn ( kon kuk university ) william o'grady ( university of hawaii ) james yoon ( seoul national university , university of illinois ) there is a limited number of open slots available and we invite the submission of abstracts . each presentation will be 40 minutes , followed by 15 minutes of discussion . it is planned that the proceedings of the workshop will be published . please send to the organizing committee no later than june 1 , 1998 one copy of your abstract with your name and affliliation , plus five anonymous copies . abstracts should be limited to two pages with the font size not smaller than 11 . we cannot accept abstracts sent by email or fax . the presenters at the workshop will be partially subsidized for travel and accommodation . all submissions should be sent to : usc workshop organizing committee department of east asian languages and cultures university of southern california los angeles , ca 90089-0357 usa for further inquiries , please write to : hoji @ usc . edu , nkim @ usc . edu , audreyli @ usc . edu .
 "",0
 2456,""Subject: semcom : webnet journal : announcement & call for participation
  
  webnet journal : internet technologies , issues , business & education * * http : / / www . aace . org / pubs / webnet * * > > 1st announcement & call for articles & reviewers < < the webnet journal is a new quarterly print magazine focusing on www , internet , and intranet - based technologies , applications , research , and issues . published by aace , the organizer of the successful and respected webnet conference series ( http : / / www . aace . org / conf / webnet ) , the premiere issue will be available november 1998 . the webnet journal is designed to be an innovative international collaboration between and forum for the top academic and corporate laboratory researchers , developers , business people , and users . * * * * * * * * * * the journal is seeking contributors as authors , columnists , book reviewers , editorial review board members , and associate editors . * * * * * * * * * * major article topics include : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - educational applications - commercial , business , professional , and community applications - general web tools and facilities - societal issues , including legal , standards , and international issues - ergonomic , interface , and cognitive issues - electronic publishing and digital libraries - personal applications and environments - web technical facilities ( for a list of subtopics , see http : / / www . aace . org / pubs / webnet / scope . htm ) all feature articles are carefully peer-reviewed and selected by a respected international editorial review board based on merit and perceived value of the content for readers . columnists offer how-to articles and expert commentary on the latest developments . the corporate development department showcases the latest products and discusses new developments . the abbreviated online version of the webnet journal will offer timely publication of article abstracts , columns , and related news . > links < webnet journal main page - - http : / / www . aace . org / pubs / webnet scope - - http : / / www . aace . org / pubs / webnet / scope . htm call for authors & reviewers - - http : / / www . aace . org / pubs / webnet / call . htm author guidelines - - http : / / www . aace . org / pubs / webnet / guidelines . htm article submission form - - http : / / www . aace . org / pubs / webnet / submit how to subscribe - - http : / / www . aace . org / pubs / webnet / subscribe . htm if you are interested in contributing as an author , article or book reviewer , columnist , or associate editor , please return the form at http : / / www . aace . org / pubs / webnet / call . htm or contact : webnet journal / aace p . o . box 2966 charlottesville , va 22902 usa e - mail : aace @ virginia . edu ; 804-973 - 3987 ; fax : 804-978 - 7449 http : / / www . aace . org
 "",0
 2457,""Subject: conference announcement
  
  southern illinois university edwardsville and carbondale invite submission of abstracts for the 1998 mid - american linguistics conference we will continue the 33 year tradition of accepting papers on all linguistic topics . linguists in all areas of specialization are encouraged to submit abstracts . this year 's meeting will feature special interest sessions on prosody and bilingualism . it will also feature an excursion to cahokia mounds historic site . plenary speaker : professor gregory ward , northwestern university location : the conference will be in the university center on the campus of southern illinois university edwardsville . edwardsville is located at the junctions of i-270 and highway 157 about 25 miles east of downtown st . louis . guidelines for submission of papers contributed papers will be allowed a maximum of 20 minutes for presentation . published proceedings of the conference will be available if there is sufficient demand ordering information will be provided in september . instructions for the preparation of manuscripts will be sent along with notification of acceptance . please submit 4 copies of a 1 - page abstract no later than august 21 , 1998 . e - mail submissions will < italic > not < / italic > be accepted . submissions faxed to meet the deadline must be followed immediately by mailed abstracts on regular paper . mail abstracts to the address given below . send abstracts and / or requests for additional information about program content to : ron schaefer , department of english , siue , edwardsville , il 62026-1431 telephone : ( 618 ) 650-2060 ; fax : ( 618 ) 650-5050 or e - mail : rschaef @ siue . edu for registration information contact : southern illinois university conferences & institutes at ( 618 ) 650-2660 . for more information , including hotel and travel accomodations , consult our web page ( still under construction ) at < < http : / / www . siu . edu / departments / cola / ling01 / midamerica98 . html > geoffrey s . nathan department of linguistics southern illinois university at carbondale , carbondale , il , 62901 usa phone : + 618 453-3421 ( office ) fax + 618 453-6527 + 618 549-0106 ( home )
 "",0
 2458,""Subject: survey study
  
  survey study - call for participation the purpose of this qualitative survey study is to collect information from language teachers about their experiences in developing multimedia instructional materials . if you are a language teacher and have created multimedia intructional materials such as - web pages , hypercard or hyperstudio stacks , digital - sound / image / video files , or projects created with advanced authoring - software like authorware , toolbook , or director , we welcome you to spend some time to complete the survey . i will post a summary of the results of the survey to the lisxt when it 's done . the survey can be accessed at : http : / / www . coe . missouri . edu / ~ cjw / survey / username : teacher password : survey if you know of any pre-service and / or in-service language teachers , please invite them to participate in the survey . thanks to you all ! c . james wong college of education | columbia , mo 65211 university of missouri - columbia | http : / / www . coe . missouri . edu / ~ cjw /
 "",0
 2459,""Subject: computationally - intensive methods in quantitative linguistics
  
  second workshop in computationally-intensive methods in quantitative linguistics department of statistics university of glasgow , uk 7 - 9 september 1998 announcement and call for registration in recent years techniques from disciplines such as computer science , articficial intelligence and statistics have found their way into the pages of journals such as the journal of quantitative linguistics , literary and linguistic computing and computers and the humanities . while this influx may bring more advanced methods of analysis to the fields of quantitative linguistics , stylometry and stylistics , the demands upon researchers to understand and use these new techniques are great . familiarity with the appropriate software and the ear of a sympathetic expert are pre-requisites without which the technique may seem out of reach to the average researcher . the humanities advanced technology and information institute and the department of statistics of the university of glasgow are hence supporting this practical workshop in computationally - intensive methods in quantitative linguistics . the workshop is designed to introduce the participants to four such techniques in a practical environment . each half-day session will be divided into an introductory session in a lecture theatre and a longer period spent working with software and practical examples . all of the speakers have published papers using the analyses they will present and their aim in this workshop is to enable the participants to return to their home institutions able to carry out these techniques in the course of their own research . the sessions and speakers are as follows : harald baayen ; max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen , the netherlands . large number of rare event models walter daelemans ; university of tilburg , the netherlands . linguistics as data mining : using machine learning techniques to discover linguistic generalizations michael oakes ; university of lancaster , unted kingdom . multivariate statistics in corpus linguistics fiona tweedie ; university of glasgow , united kingdom . time series models in linguistics the workshop will be held in the mathematics building of the university of glasgow , commencing on monday 7 september at 1pm . the four workshop sessions will take place on monday afternoon , tuesday 8 september and the morning of wednesday 9 september . there will also be a half day tour on the wednesday afternoon and a reception in the hunterian art gallery on monday evening . accommodation has been arranged in university accommodation with some en suite facilities . the reception , tea and coffee , lunches on 8 and 9 september and evening meals on 7 and 8 september are included in the registration fee . the registration fee , until 15 july , is gbp150 . 00 and gbp100 . 00 for students . participants who are also attending the digital resources in the humanities conference , 9-12 september are eligible for a discount in the registration fees . for more information about the workshop and to register , please consult the web site at http : / / www . stats . gla . ac . uk / ~ cimql , or send email to the conference organisers at cimql @ stats . gla . ac . uk .
 "",0
 2460,""Subject: sociolinguistics
  
  women changing language anne pauwels , professor of linguistics in the department of linguistics at the university of new england , armidale , australia . paper 0-582 - 09962 - 5 hardback 0-582 - 09961 - 7 280 pages 1998 real language series longman - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' women changing language ' documents and discusses feminist language reform , looking at the initiatives and actions of women around the world to change the biased representation of the sexes in language . the book pays tribute to the activities of many women who have helped debunk myths about the relationship between women and language , for example that women are ' consumers ' of language and men are ' makers ' of meaning and creators of language rules . the study reverses this view , concentrating on women as meaning ' makers ' . women are shown to be language activists who readily challenge sexist language assumptions and practices . the discussion around feminist language reform is approached from a language planning perspective , which has until now been given little recognition . moreover , for the first time , this study adopts multilingual and multicultural dimensions , drawing examples from europe and asia . the extensive collection of multilingual data reveals diversity as well as similarities between languages in the expression and coding of sexism . the study also stresses the need to bear in mind that different cultural attitudes can have varied effects on the acceptance and success of language reform . this book is highly recommended for students and lecturers in sociolinguistics , women 's studies , critical discourse analysis as well as the sociology of language . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - further information on the books published in this series , and the table of contents for this title can be viewed at the longman linguistics on-line catalogue at : http : / / www . awl-he . com / linguistics for a complete listing of our world-wide offices , please click below : http : / / www . awl-he . com / offices
 "",0
 2461,""Subject: languages of the world , institute of linguistics , moscow
  
  languages of the world publication - languages of the world , institute of linguistics , moscow languages of the world is an encyclopedic multi-volume publication . each volume is devoted to one particular genetic or areal group of languages . all articles are written in russian by the leading authorities of russia and some other countries ( depending on volume ) , specializing in the respective languages . the articles of all volumes of languages of the world are written in accordance with a standard typologically oriented template that is imposed on each language . thus descriptions of all languages are comparable to one another . the articles on specific languages consist of the following main divisions : - sociolinguistic characterization - phonology and phonetics - detailed morphosyntactic characterization - account of the peculiarities of the lexicon - the dialectal system the books of the series are both fundamental studies and reference sources . the books are addressed to linguists , historians , ethnographers , and interested in language studies . so far five volumes have been published . the first one , """" uralic languages """" , was published in 1993 by """" nauka """" , and is not available at this time . in 1997 , the publishing house """" indrik """" published four volumes : - turkic languages , including all ancient and modern languages known to the science ; 542 pp . - mongolic , tingusic , korean , and japanese ; 407 pp . - paleoasiatic languages ( including chukchi - kamchatkan , yeniseian , eskimo - aleut , copper island aleut - russian mixed language , nivkh , yukagir , ainu , and burushaski ) ; 230 pp . - iranian languages , vol . 1 : southwestern group ( volumes 2 and 3 will follow ) ; 206 pp . in 1998 , the following volumes are expected to be published . - iranian languages , vol . 2 - dardic and nuristani languages - caucasian languages volumes on other branches of indo - european are currently being worked on . those who are interested in obtaining those book are requested to contact : andrej kibrik institute of linguistics russian academy of sciences b . kislovskij per . , 1 / 12 russia kibrik @ iling . msk . su fax : [ 7 ] ( 095 ) 290 05 28 we are now working on the problem of how to get books to foreign scholars ; having a list of those interested would make this work easier . prices on books will be in the range of $ 20 , depending on size of a specific book .
 "",0
 2462,""Subject: phonology
  
  understanding phonology gussenhoven , carlos ( university of nijmegen , the netherlands ) and jacobs , haike ( university of nijmegen and the free university of amsterdam , the netherlands ) ; understanding phonology ; publication march 1998 304pp pb 0 340 69218 9 14 . 99 hb 0 340 69217 0 40 . 00 arnold publishing ' this book gives a clear and accurate picture of current phonological theory in a small number of pages . ' john goldsmith , university of chicago this skilfully written new text provides a broad , yet up-to - date , introduction to phonology . assuming no previous knowledge of phonology or linguistic theory , the authors introduce the basic concepts and build on these progressively , discussing the main theories and illustrating key points with carefully chosen examples . a wide range of phenomena are covered : speech production , segmental contrasts , tone , quality , prosodic structure , metrical relations and intonation . the main theories are introduced and their contributions to our understanding of phonology , as well as their shortcomings , are discussed objectively . contents : the production of speech / some typology : sameness and difference / making the form fit / two levels of representation / distinctive features / ordered rules / the diminutive suffix in dutch / levels of representation / representing tone / skeletal slots and moras / feature geometry / complex segments / stress / iambic and trochambic rhythm in optimality theory . readership : students of linguistics . available on inspection for lecturers ( quote linglist598 ) tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6355 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6325 e - mail : milly . neate @ hodder . co . uk
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 2463,""Subject: pragmatics
  
  understanding pragmatics verschueren , jef ( belgian national science foundation , belgium ) ; understanding pragmatics ; publication september 1998 c . 288pp pb 0 340 64623 3 c . 13 . 99 hb 0 340 64624 1 c . 40 . 00 arnold publishing this is the most comprehensive and current introduction to pragmatics . presupposing no background in pragmatics , the author sketches out the theoretical basis of the subject and systematically develops the major theoretical perspectives , to provide a full description of pragmatics as a coherent field of inquiry . the text explores methodological issues , guiding the reader into the existing spectrum of pragmatics-related work . focusing on pragmatics in its broadest sense , the book covers the whole range of social , cultural and cognitive aspects of pragmatics . contents : introduction / overview / the pragmatic perspective / aspects of the meaningful functioning of language / topics and trends . readership : students of linguistics / english language . available on inspection for lecturers ( quote linglist598 ) tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6355 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6325 e - mail : milly . neate @ hodder . co . uk
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 2464,""Subject: syntax
  
  understanding syntax tallerman , maggie ( university of durham , uk ) ; understanding syntax ; published september 1998 c . 192pp pb 0 340 60377 1 c . 12 . 99 hb 0 340 70000 9 c . 35 . 00 arnold publishing provides a complete introduction to the main categories and constructions associated with sentence structure - the syntactic component of the grammar of human language . assuming no prior knowledge of linguistics , the book discusses and illustrates all the major terms and concepts . contents : what is syntax ? / words belong to different classes / looking inside sentences / head words and phrases / how do we identify constituents ? / relationship within the clause / syntactic processes . readership : undergraduates in linguistics tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6355 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6325 e - mail : milly . neate @ hodder . co . uk
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 2465,""Subject: labphon6 registration and schedule
  
  dear colleagues , this message is a reminder that registration is still open for the sixth conference on laboratory phonology at the university of york ( uk ) on 2nd - 4th july , 1998 . for information on how to register , please see our web site http : / / www . york . ac . uk / ~ lang15 / labphon . html places are also still available for the conference banquet on friday , 3rd july at the historic assembly rooms in the centre of the medieval city of york . if you have difficulty accessing the web site , or have any other query , please do not hesitatate to e-mail us at labphon6 @ york . ac . uk draft programme invited speakers mary beckman ( ohio state ) , john harris ( university college london ) terrance nearey ( university of alberta ) , francis nolan ( university of cambridge ) oral presentations s . hawkins & n . nguyen : effects on word recognition of syllable-onset cues to syllable-coda voicing j . pierrehumbert , j . hay & m . beckman : speech perception , well - formedness and lexical frequency r . wright : factors of lexical competition in vowel articulation b . gick : articulatory correlates of ambisyllabicity in english glides and liquids p . carter : extrinsic phonetic interpretation : spectral variation in english liquids k . de jong : temporal constraints and characterizing syllable structuring b . zawaydeh : the interaction of the phonetics and phonology of gutturals d . silverman : pitch discrimination during breathy versus modal phonation k . hayward & j . watkins : the phonetic interpretation of register k . tajima & r . f . port : speech rhythm in english and japanese j . rodgers : segmental and suprasegmental influences on the realization of voicing in english m . d ' imperio & b gili fivela : how many levels of phrasing ? evidence from two varieties of italian p . keating , t . cho , c . fougeron & c . hsu : domain - initial articulatory strengthening in four languages d . r . ladd & j . scobbie : postlexical phonology does not reduce to phonetics : the case of sardinian external sandhi conference schedule * registration on campus from wednesday lunchtime * conference begins thursday morning * wine reception thursday evening * programme continues friday ( poster session in afternoon ) * conference banquet friday evening * programme continues saturday morning * programme concludes with saturday lunch best wishes , the organising committee _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ labphon6 department of language and linguistic science university of york york yo1 5dd uk e-mail : labphon6 @ york . ac . uk web : http : / / www . york . ac . uk / ~ lang15 / labphon . html telephone : + 44 1904 432658 / 2672 / 2671 / 2660 fax : + 44 1904 432673
 "",0
 2466,""Subject: special stream at cognitive society
  
  special """" stream """" at the 20th annual meeting of the cognitive science society madison , wisconsin , august 1 - 4 , 1998 co - chairs : sean o nuallain dublin city university , dublin , ireland & national research council , ottawa , canada ( sonualla @ compapp . dcu . ie ) robert l . campbell department of psychology , clemson university , clemson , sc usa ( campber @ clemson . edu ) what the stream is about though deep and contentious questions of theory and metatheory have always been prevalent in cognitive science - - they arise whenever an attempt is made to define cognitive science as a discipline - - they have frequently been downrated by researchers , in favor of empirical work that remains safely within the confines of established theories and methods . our goal to is redress the balance . we encourage participants in this stream to raise and discuss such questions as : * the adequacy of computationalist accounts of mind * the adequacy of conceptions of mental representation as structures that encode structures out in the environment * the consequences of excluding emotions , consciousness , and the social realm from the purview of cognitive studies * the consequences of newell and simon 's """" scientific bet """" that developmental constraints did not have to be studied until detailed models of adult cognition had been constructed and tested * the consequences of attempting to reconcile contemporary psychology ( which includes developmental psychology ) with formal linguistics of the chomskyan variety ( which appears to be resolutely anti-developmental if not anti-psychological ) * the relationship between cognitive science and formal logic a wide range of theoretical perspectives is welcome , so long as the presenters are willing to engage in serious discussion with the proponents of perspectives that are different from their own : * vygotskian approaches to culture and cognition * dynamic systems theories * piagetian constructivism * interactivism * situated cognition * neuroscience accounts such as those of edelman and grossberg * accounts of emergence in general , and emergent knowledge in particular * perception and action robotics * functional linguistics * genetic algorithms * information processing * connectionism * evolutionary epistemology contributors should make their submissions to the cognitive science society , following the standard rules for formatting their papers ( if you have not received the hard-copy call for papers , check the css web site at http : / / www . umich . edu / ~ cogsci / cogsci . html ) . the deadline is february 6 , 1998 . contributors should attach a * separate cover page , * indicating that their submissions are intended for the stream chaired by sean o nuallain and robert campbell . otherwise papers will be reviewed by cognitive science society 's regular reviewers , and are not likely to get a sympathetic response . the """" stream """" will consist of at least two paper sessions ( a total of 8 papers , 20 minutes each ) at the cognitive science society . * if we get enough good submissions , we can request more paper sessions * . all submissions to our stream will be reviewed by * our special reviewers * . besides the co-chairs , these are : ken aizawa ( kaizawa @ beta . centenary . edu ) mark bickhard ( mhb0 @ lehigh . edu ) selmer bringsjord ( brings @ rpi . edu ) andrew brook ( abrook @ ccs . carleton . ca ) brian cox ( psybdc @ vaxc . hofstra . edu ) terry dartnall ( terryd @ cit . gu . edu . au ) mary hegarty ( hegarty @ condor . psych . ucsb . edu ) ken livingston ( livingst @ vaxsar . vassar . edu ) eoghan mac aogain ( eoghan @ ite . ie ) karl f . macdorman ( kfm @ gull . me . es . osaka-u . ac . jp ) paul mc kevitt ( pmck @ kom . auc . dk ) ronan g . reilly ( rreilly @ ollamh . ucd . ie ) tony veale ( tveale @ compapp . dcu . ie ) robert l . campbell professor , psychology brackett hall 410a clemson university clemson , sc 29634-1511 usa phone ( 864 ) 656-4986 fax ( 864 ) 656-0358 http : / / hubcap . clemson . edu / ~ campber / index . html
 "",0
 2467,""Subject: wml : deadline extended
  
  workshop on mathematical linguistics ( wml ) pennsylvania state university , april 17 , 1998 submissions deadline extended : january 24 information at http : / / www . urv . es / centres / grups / grlmc / index . html ( . ps files are preferred )
 "",0
 2468,""Subject: corrected conference announcement
  
  southern illinois university edwardsville and carbondale invite submission of abstracts for the 1998 mid - american linguistics conference october 23-24 , 1998 we will continue the 33 year tradition of accepting papers on all linguistic topics . linguists in all areas of specialization are encouraged to submit abstracts . this year 's meeting will feature special interest sessions on prosody and bilingualism . it will also feature an excursion to cahokia mounds historic site . plenary speaker : professor gregory ward , northwestern university location : the conference will be in the university center on the campus of southern illinois university edwardsville . edwardsville is located at the junctions of i-270 and highway 157 about 25 miles east of downtown st . louis . guidelines for submission of papers contributed papers will be allowed a maximum of 20 minutes for presentation . published proceedings of the conference will be available if there is sufficient demand ordering information will be provided in september . instructions for the preparation of manuscripts will be sent along with notification of acceptance . please submit 4 copies of a 1 - page abstract no later than august 21 , 1998 . e - mail submissions will not be accepted . submissions faxed to meet the deadline must be followed immediately by mailed abstracts on regular paper . mail abstracts to the address given below . send abstracts and / or requests for additional information about program content to : ron schaefer , department of english , siue , edwardsville , il 62026-1431 telephone : ( 618 ) 650-2060 ; fax : ( 618 ) 650-5050 or e - mail : rschaef @ siue . edu for registration information contact : southern illinois university conferences & institutes at ( 618 ) 650-2660 . for more information , including hotel and travel accomodations , consult our web page ( still under construction ) at http : / / www . siu . edu / departments / cola / ling01 / midamerica98 . html geoffrey s . nathan department of linguistics southern illinois university at carbondale , carbondale , il , 62901 usa phone : + 618 453-3421 ( office ) fax + 618 453-6527 + 618 549-0106 ( home )
 "",0
 2469,""Subject: armenian linguistics
  
  * * * call for papers * * * sixth international conference on armenian linguistics - institut national des langues et civilisations orientales ( inalco ) , paris , july 5 - 9 , 1999 papers will not be restricted in terms of topic or theoretical approach . workshops will be organized according to paper proposals . we invite papers on the following topics ( the list is not exhaustive ) - typological and descriptive armenian linguistics ( morphology , syntax , phonetics , pragmatics ; synchrony , diachrony and dialectology ) - history of armenian linguistics ; armenian and theoretical linguistics - sociolinguistics and language policy - the computer in armenian linguistics - comparative grammar and indo - european studies - study of texts and translation questions ( only from a linguistic point of view ) deadline for submission of proposals : september , 30 , 1998 proposals for presentations should be sent to : anaid donabedian , 57 , bd jourdan , 75014 paris , france fax + 33 1 44 15 10 61 e-mail : donabed @ ext . jussieu . fr the fee for participating in the conference will be 500 ff ( roughly us $ 100 ) ( students : 150 ff ) to receive the application form and the complete announcement : donabed @ ext . jussieu . fr
 "",0
 2470,""Subject: xi int . selim conf : medieval english language & literature
  
  xi international selim conference : medieval english language & literature - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - final call for papers the 11th international conference of selim will be held at the university of vigo from 24 to 26 september 1998 . prof . david denison ( university of manchester ) , prof . matti rissanen ( university of helsinki ) , dr stuart lee ( oxford university computing services ) and dr andrew breeze ( universidad de navarra ) have already confirmed their participation as plenary lecturers . proposals of communications are welcome , with a deadline of may 31 , 1998 . papers will last 20 minutes with a 10 - minute discussion period to follow . abstracts should be no longer than 200 words and should be submitted in print and on a floppy disk ( microsoft word or word perfect ) to the following address : secretara de selim98 facultade de humanidades . universidade de vigo aptdo . 874 . e-36200 vigo ( spain ) submissions should include name ( s ) and institutional affiliation ( s ) of the author ( s ) , telephone , fax and e-mail address . please indicate if you need an overhead projector , a computer or any other facilities . acceptance of proposals will be communicated in june 1998 . the third circular will be sent around june 1998 and will carry fuller information on the arrangements for the conference . for any enquiries about accomodation or travel arrangements please contact bives tour at info @ conbives . com . for further information visit the conference website at : http : / / www . uvigo . es / eventos / congresos / selim98 / or send and e-mail to : selim98 @ uvigo . es the organising committee , may 1998 ana m bringas lpez dolores gonzlez alvarez javier prez guerra eduardo varela bravo
 "",0
 2471,""Subject: final programme workshop on distributing and accessing linguistic resources
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * distributing and accessing linguistic resources * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * may 27th , this workshop is part of first international conference on language resources and evaluation at the university of granada , may 26th to 30th 1998 ( see http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra . html for details and how to register ) . the workshop will discuss ways to increase the efficacy of linguistic resource distribution and programmatic access , and work towards the definition of a new method for these tasks based on distributed processing and object-oriented modelling with deployment on the www . the workshop will take place in the afternoon after the scheduled lunch break ( 13 . 20 - 14 . 40 ) . organizers : yorick wilks , wim peters , hamish cunningham , remi zajac papers presentations are 15 minutes each with 5 minutes for discussion . 14 . 45 - 15 . 05 distributed thesaurus storage and access in a cultural domain application s . boutsis , b . georgantopoulos , s . piperidis institute for language and speech processing , athens 15 . 05 - 15 . 25 a new model for language resource access and distribution w . peters , h . cunningham , y . wilks , c . mccauley university of sheffield 15 . 25 - 15 . 45 reuse and integration of nlp components in the calypso architecture r . zajac new mexico state university 15 . 45 - 16 . 05 corpus - based research using the internet h . brugman , a . russel , p . wittenburg , r . piepenbrock max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen 16 . 05 - 16 . 30 the cue corpus access tool o . mason university of birmingham 16 . 30 - 17 . 00 coffee break 17 . 00 - 17 . 20 linguistic research utilizing the edr electronic dictionary as a linguistic resource t . ogino edr , japan 17 . 20 - 19 . 00 ( room available until 20 . 00 ) panel discussion : distributing and accessing linguistic resources the panel participants are : khalid choukri , eduard hovy , judith klavans , yorick wilks , and antonio zampolli . 14 . 00 - 14 . 45 and 16 . 30 - 17 . 00 poster presentations the presentation of the posters will happen in 2 sessions , at the end of lunch and during afternoon coffee . the posters will also be on display during the workshop . tractor : telri research archive of computational tools and resources r . krishnamurthy university of birmingham web - surfing the lexicon d . cabrero , m . vilares , l . docampo , s . sotelo ramon pineiro research centre / universities of coruna and santiago exploring distributed mt o . streiter , a . schmidt - wigger , u . reuther , c . pease iai saarbruecken a proposal for an on - line lexical database p . cassidy micra , inc . workshop scope and aims - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - in general the reuse of of nlp data resources ( such as lexicons or corpora ) has exceeded that of algorithmic resources ( such as lemmatisers or parsers ) . however , there are still two barriers to data resource reuse : 1 ) each resource has its own representation syntax and corresponding programmatic access mode ( e . g . sql for celex , c or prolog for wordnet , sgml for the bnc ) ; 2 ) resources must generally be installed locally to be usable ( and of course precisely how this happens , what operating systems are supported etc . varies from case to case ) . the consequences of 1 ) are that although resources share some structure in common ( lexicons are organised around words , for example ) this commonality is wasted when it comes to using a new resource ( the developer has to learn everything afresh each time ) and that work which seeks to investigate or exploit commonalities between resources ( e . g . to link several lexicons to an ontology ) has to first build a layer of access routines on top of each resources . so , for example , if we wish to do task-based evaluation of lexicons by measuring the relative performance of an information extraction system with different instantiations of lexical resource , we might end up writing code to translate several different resources into sql or sgml . the consequence of 2 ) is that there is no way to """" try before you buy """" : no way to examine a data resource for its suitability for your needs before licencing it . correspondingly there is no way for a resource provider to expose limitted access to their products for advertising purposes , or gain revenue through piecemeal supply of sections of a resource . this workshop will discuss ways to overcome these barriers . the proposers will discuss a new method for distributing and accessing language resources involving the development of a common programmatic model of the various resources types , implemented in corba idl and / or java , along with a distributed server for non-local access . this model is being designed as part of the gate project ( general architecture for text engineering : http : / / www . dcs . shef . ac . uk / research / groups / nlp / gate / ) and goes under the provisional title of an active creole server . ( creole : collection of reusable objects for language engineering . currently creole supports only algortihmic objects , but will be extended to data objects . ) a common model of language data resources would be a set of inheritance hierarchies making up a forest or set of graphs . at the top of the hierarchies would be very general abstractions from resources ( e . g . lexicons are about words ) ; at the leaves would be data items that were specific to individual resources . programmatic access would be available at all levels , allowing the developer to select an appropriate level of commonality for each application . note that although an exciting element of the work could be to provide algorithms to dynamically merge common resources what we ' re suggesting initially is not to develop anything substantively new , but simply to improve access to existing resources . this is not a new standards initiative , but a way to build on previous initiatives . of course , the production of a common model that fully expressed all the subtleties of all resources would be a large undertaking , but we believe that it can be done incrementally , with useful results at each stage . early versions will stop decomposing the object structure of resources at a fairly high level , leaving the developer to handle the data structures native to the resources at the leaves of the forest . there should still be a substantial benefit in uniform access to higher level strucures . program committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - yorick wilks hamish cunningham wim peters remi zajac roberta catizone paola velardi maria teresa pazienza roberto basili bran boguraev sergei nirenburg james pustejowsky ralph grishman christiane fellbaum
 "",0
 2472,""Subject: making sense of language series
  
  making sense of language series series editor : a / prof jill burton making sense of functional grammar the introductory workbook for every teacher linda gerot and peter wignell this workbook is the most innovative workbook available in systemic-functional grammar . designed to be used by teachers and teacher educators coming to grips with functional grammar , it also is the essential textbook for introductions to bachelor or masters degree level courses . it answers your questions about functional grammar and genre , how to describe the language used in your classroom , how to teach about differences in spoken and written language , how to increase students ' awareness of how language is used , and much more . isbn 0 646211 60 9 , pb 268p , aud $ 24 . 95 plus freight , trade welcome . making sense of text the contexttext relationship linda gerot volume 2 explores whole texts with reference to lexicogrammar , and how genre , field , tenor , mode and ideology contribute to our understanding of spoken and written texts . readers will learn how to apply the grammar to contrasting texts through the author 's analysis of a range of authentic material from a variety of contexts . although it builds on volume 1 , readers new to this kind of grammatical explanation can still use this volume as an introduction to systemic-functional grammar . the book will assist any reader 's understanding of the all-important contexttext relationship . isbn 0 646241 44 3 , pb 152p , aud $ 24 . 95 plus freight , trade welcome . for further information and orders for this latest teaching resource , contact your local educational book seller ( please give them our contact details ) , or the publisher directly ( we dispatch daily , word-wide ) : gerd stabler , aee publishers po box 5806 , gold coast mail centre queensland 9726 , australia tel : 07 5562 1130 , fax : 07 5562 1140 mobile : 041 923 1998 e-mail : aeegerd @ onthenet . com . au volume 3 , making sense of teaching reading also by dr . linda gerot is forthcoming and should be available late 1998 . please record your interest in this title , and we will notify you the moment it is available and deduct a 20 % discount especially for you when ordering volume 3 . in the meantime , please enjoy volume 1 and 2 , bestsellers on both sides of the horizon . additionally , we are looking for new authors to contribute to this series : making sense of language please contact the publisher : aee ( aeegerd @ onthenet . com . au ) thank you united states clients may like to contact : dominie press , inc 1949 kellogg ave , carlsbad ca 92008 tel . 619 431 8000 , fax . 619 431 8777 e-mail : rayuen @ dominie . com canadian clients should contact : pippin publishing c / - general distribution services 325 humber college blvd toronto , ontario m9w 7c3 tel . 416 502 1262 , fax . 416 502 1101 middle east , please contact : the kuwait bookshop co ltd po box 2942 13030 safat kuwait tel : 965 242 4266 & 242 4289 fax : 965 242 0558 uk clients : we need your help , please ! to - date we have been unable to locate a bookseller to distribute these titles in the uk and beyond . thank you for your time and interest .
 "",0
 2473,""Subject: lasso
  
  call for papers lasso xxvii 27th annual meeting of the linguistic association of the southwest ( meeting jointly with wecol , western conference on linguistics ) october 9-11 , 1998 arizona state university tempe , arizona invited speaker : jane h . hill ( u of arizona ) presidential address : robert d . king ( u of texas - austin ) proposals for papers in any area of linguistics will be considered . for the 1998 meeting at arizona state university , submissions regarding languages of the southwest are particularly encouraged . we also especially solicit graduate student papers , which may be submitted following the meeting for consideration for the helmut esau prize , a $ 250 cash award made annually by lasso . presentation time for papers will be limited to twenty minutes plus ten minutes for discussion . the deadline for receipt of abstracts is june 15 , 1998 . notification of acceptance of papers will be sent out by august 1 , 1998 . only one abstract as single author and a second as co - author will be accepted from any individual . abstracts must be no longer than one page ( maximum of 250 words ) and should summarize the main points of the paper and explain relevant aspects of the data , methodology , and argumentation employed . keep use of special font items ( e . g . phonetic symbols , diacritic marks , branching diagrams , logical notation ) to a bare minimum . abstracts of accepted papers will be published exactly as received in a booklet for distribution at the meeting . at the beginning of your abstract place the paper title , and at the end of an e-mailed abstract ( or on a separate page of a mailed abstract ) repeat the title along with your name , affiliation , mailing address , telephone number , and e-mail address . it is strongly preferred that abstracts be submitted by e-mail . send to : gajill @ unix1 . sncc . lsu . edu in the absence of e-mail , or if your abstract contains any special symbols , send one hard copy of the abstract with a diskette ( labeled for operating system and word processing program ) to : jill brody department of geography & anthropology louisiana state university baton rouge , la 70803-4105 usa tel . 504-388 - 6171 lasso presenters are encouraged to submit their polished papers to be considered for publication in the _ southwest journal of linguistics _ . presentation of papers at the lasso annual meetings is a privilege of membership in lasso ; 1998 dues must be paid by june 15 in order for your abstract to be considered . annual dues for individuals are us $ 15 . 00 ( us $ 7 . 50 for students , retired persons , and those not employed ) . to pay dues or for additional information , contact : garland d . bills , executive director , lasso department of linguistics university of new mexico albuquerque , nm 87131-1196 usa tel . : 505-277 - 7416 fax : 505-277 - 6355 e - mail : gbills @ unm . edu
 "",0
 2474,""Subject: mt special issue on slt : reminder
  
  reminder - - deadline is july 1 1998 call for submissions machine translation special issue on spoken language translation guest editor : steven krauwer ( utrecht university ) guest editorial board : doug arnold ( university of essex ) pascale fung ( hkust , hong kong ) walter kasper ( dfki , saarbrucken ) alon lavie ( cmu , pittsburgh ) lori levin ( cmu , pittsburgh ) hermann ney ( rwth , aachen ) harold somers ( umist , manchester ) some 15 years ago , when machine translation had become fashionable again in europe , few people would be prepared to consider seriously embarking upon spoken language translation research . after all , where both machine translation of written text , and speech understanding and production ( despite important achievements ) were still quite far from showing robustness in domain-independent applications , it seemed clear that putting three not even halfway understood technologies together would be premature , and bound to fail . since then , the world has changed . many researchers , both in academia and in industry , have taken up the challenge to build systems capable of translating spoken language . does that mean that most of the problems involved in speech-to - text , text-to - text translation , and text-to - speech have been solved ? the answer is no : although we have made a tremendous progress , both from a scientific and from a technological point of view , many of the fundamental problems in mt and in speech understanding remain unsolved . yet a certain degree of optimism is justified here . first of all , it is clear that on the whole general expectations of what mt will do are changing . where in the past the ultimate goal of mt seemed to be to provide a perfect , but cheaper and faster alternative to the human translator , there is now a clear shift from the ideal of fully automated high quality translation of unrestricted texts to the more practical problem of overcoming the language barriers we encounter in various situations . this shift of focus allows us to partition the problem we address into a series of smaller ones , the solution to which may be within our reach . this applies both to spoken and written language translation . if we look at spoken communication between human beings with different native languages , very often the main success criterion for this communication is not whether or not the individual utterances produced by the participants have been expressed or understood without errors ( which will rarely be the case ) , but rather whether the intended goal of the communication has been attained ( hotel room reservation , airline information , etc ) . this observation is extremely important when we try to set our goals for spoken translation systems . once we have realized that communication takes place in a specific context , with a specific goal , and have accepted that sentence-by - sentence linguistically correct translation is not a necessary condition for successful multilingual communication , we can start exploiting the full potential of spoken dialogues in human-human and human-machine interaction : the basic structure of dialogues , the ways to control dialogue flow , the possibility for repair . a workshop dedicated to spoken language translation , organized in conjunction with eacl / acl 1997 in madrid , showed that there was a keen interest in the topic , and that many acedemic and industrial research teams have interesting results to report . therefore we feel that the time has come to dedicate a special issue of the journal machine translation to this topic , and we are inviting high-quality , previously unpublished research papers addressing problems in the whole field of spoken language translation . ( note : authors who had papers accepted for the madrid workshop are especially encouraged to submit papers which have developed out of their workshop contributions , though they should note that we do not intend simply to reprint the workshop papers in their original form . ) we are especially interested in papers addressing problems or solutions that are typical for spoken language translation ( as opposed to written language translation ) . format for submission : please consult the journal 's web pages : home page : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / journalhome . htm / 0922-6567 instructions for authors : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / kaphtml . htm / ifa0922-6567 latex style files : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / jrnlstyle . htm / 0922-6567 articles should be submitted directly to the publishers , either by e-mail to ellen . klink @ wkap . nl , with the subject header """" submission to coat speech special issue """" , or in hard-copy to either of the following addresses : machine translation editorial office , machine translation editorial office kluwer academic publishers kluwer academic publishers p . o . box 990 , p . o . box 230 3300 az dordrecht , accord , ma 02018-023 the netherlands u . s . a . the journal is typeset using latex , so the preferred medium for submission of articles in electronic format is latex source ( using the kluwer style file ) or gzipped postscript . if submitting hard-copy , four copies of the paper are required . the length of the papers should be approximately 10-20 pages if using the kluwer style file ( around 20k words ) . authors are requested to send a copy of an abstract of not more than 200 words to the guest editor steven . krauwer @ let . ruu . nl or in hard-copy to steven krauwer , utrecht institute of linguistics ots , trans 10 , 3512 jk utrecht , the netherlands submission deadline : submissions and abstracts should be received by july 1 1998 . papers will be reviewed by at least three members of the editorial board . we are aiming for publication as issue 3 or 4 of volume 13 ( autumn or winter , 1998 ) .
 "",0
 2475,""Subject: korean linguistics - - ickl conference
  
  1998 meeting of the international circle of korean linguists ( ickl ) july 6 - 9 , 1998 university of hawaii at manoa , center for korean studies > > > > > > > > > > > > program draft : revised 5 / 21 / 98 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < > > july 6 , 1998 ; monday 7 : 30 to 8 : 30 registration 8 : 30 to 9 : 30 opening ceremony - - auditorium 9 : 30 to 9 : 45 break 9 : 45 to 11 : 45 special vi : issues in historical linguistics - - auditorium speaker : dr . samuel martin reviewer : dr . alexander vovin 11 : 45 to 1 : 00 lunch 1 : 00 to 3 : 00 special vi : issues in historical linguistics # 1 - - auditorium monophthongization and vowel shifts in korean , eung - jin baek language change and lexical stratification , young - mee yu cho different layers of lexical borrowing : sino - korean characters with multiple readings , ik - sang eom the korea - japonic word for pheasant and special semantic marking of natural-world nouns , leon serafim general : sociolinguistics # 1 - - conference room topic marking of korean in an experimental paradigm of attention , jong - bai hwang focus marking , alternatives triggering and negative meaning of nun in korean , juliet wai - hong du and hansang park a study of developing topic-prominence by english learners of korean , euen hyuk ( sarah ) jung korean language interference in the acquisition of english discourse markers , hikyoung lee general : syntax # 1 - - classroom korean type iv nominalizations : syntactic versus morphological phrasal affixations , lizanne kaiser default case and ecm constructions , seung - man kang on modality in korean , nam - kil kim predicate and nominal phrase gerunds in korean , jun ho cho 3 : 00 to 3 : 15 break 3 : 15 to 5 : 15 special vi : issues in historical linguistics # 2 - - auditorium a common korean and japanese noun particle : korean ulo : : japanese to , bjarke frellesvig hyangchal : a modern view of an ancient script , marc hideo miyake a new look at paekche and korean , john bentley a comparative note on special particles : old japanese namu and korean lang / nun , alan hyun - oak kim general : sociolinguistics # 2 - - conference room strategies in korean presidential candidates live tv debates , kyung - sook song korean address terms : resolving a conflict in rank and age , haejin e . koh gendered practice in topic organization and face management , kyu - hyun kim and kyung - hee suh negation in korean : a matter of volition , virginia k . mcclanahan general : syntax # 2 - - classroom local obviation as a relative phenomenon , gunsoo lee feature movement and korean raising constructions , sunwoo lee clausal adjuncts occurring higher than negp , gwangrak son on korean right node raising and english right node raising , sungshim hong > > july 7 , 1998 , tuesday 8 : 30 to 10 : 30 special iii : complex predicates - - auditorium speaker : dr . peter sells reviewer : dr . ho - min sohn special v : reduplication - - conference room speaker : dr . chin - w . kim reviewer : dr . young - mee yu cho 10 : 30 to 10 : 45 break 10 : 45 to 12 : 15 special iii : complex predicates # 1 - - auditorium varying levels of complex predicatehood in korean , miho choo semantic restrictions of complex predicates : focusing on the multi-verb constructions with the suffix e , woo - hyoung nahm types of nouns in the light verb constructions in korean : concerning the formation of complex predicates , miok park special iii : reduplication # 1 - - conference room the emergence of the unmarkedness in korean loanword phonology , hyeonkwan cho fixed segmentism in korean partial reduplication : three instances of the emergence of the unmarked , chin wan chung case alternation in korean focalization ( in minimalism ) , eunsung do general : syntax # 3 - - classroom the multiple subject constructions and the expletive constructions in minimalist syntax , gui - sun moon the non - qr approach to the scope interpretation in negation , jinhee suh korean denominal verbs , in - seok yang 12 : 15 to 1 : 30 lunch 1 : 30 to 3 : 00 special iii : complex predicates # 2 - - auditorium korean causatives in a hierarchial lexicon : an hpsg approach , hanjung lee korean causatives and a double tier theory of argument structure , nakamura wataru a conceptual semantic analysis of the so-called auxiliary verb construction in korean , younghwan suh special v : reduplication # 2 - - conference room grassmans law in korean reduplication , se - kyung kim what looks like a cv must be a cv : evidence for paffx from korean partial reduplication , soohee kim an ot approach to korean partial reduplication , hansang park general : syntax # 4 - - classroom vp analysis of ha causative constructions in korean , il - ho lee and myoung - hi chai case - marking properties of verbal nouns and ha in korean , namgeun lee and saeyoun cho a study on the korean passive constructions in comparison with their english counterparts , young - ok lee 3 : 00 to 3 : 15 break 3 : 15 to 5 : 15 general : phonology # 1 - - auditorium phonological phrasing of sov sentences in korean : an optimality - based account of a quantitative sample survey , david james silva domain - initial articulatory strengthening in the prosodic hierarchy in korean : an epg study , taehong cho phonetic versus phonological rules in korean , michael j . kim patterns of nasalization in korean , soo - jung kim general : sociolinguistics # 3 - - conference room the clause connective nuntey : what else is new ? , joe j . ree causation patterns in korean : a functional approach , seok - hoon you it just happened that way : the grammaticalization of accidentality in a / e pelita and ko malta as markers of completive aspect and affective stance , susan strauss a discourse analysis of the korean connective ketun , yong - yae park general : syntax # 5 - - classroom contiguity as a constraint on possessor-ascension in korean , jaehoon yeon a minimalist account of categorical prototypicality : based on korean syntactic nominalizations , yeun - jin jung what x - bar theory tells us about vp - shell analysis , joung - ran kim the negative polarity item licensing , doo - won lee 5 : 15 to 5 : 30 break 5 : 30 dinner reception > > july 8 , 1998 ; wednesday 8 : 30 to 10 : 30 special i : case markers - - auditorium speaker : dr . william o'grady reviewer : dr . james h . s . yoon special iv : syllable - - conference room speaker : dr . robert ramsey reviewer : dr . eung - do cook 10 : 30 to 10 : 45 break 10 : 45 to 12 : 15 special i : case markers # 1 - - auditorium comps and case realizations , yongkil jeong the path marker ulo in korean , keedong lee a polysemy network of the korean instrumental case , jeong - woon park special iv : syllable - - conference room on the status of on-glides in korean within optimality theory : evidence from child korean , meesook kim and sun - hoi kim two - root theory of korean geminate consonants , eun - suk ko the syllable structure of consonant clusters in korean , duck - young lee general : sociolinguistics # 4 - - classroom korean romanization in computer-mediated communication , esther hyunzee kim english loan words in korean , jeewon hahn corpus - based analysis of english newspapers published in korea , kyutae jung 12 : 15 to 1 : 30 lunch 1 : 30 to 3 : 00 special i : case markers # 2 - - auditorium an optimality-theoretic account of korean nominal inflection , sungdai cho the korean topic marker and activation , kyung - shim kang a pragmatic study of particle ( i ) na in korean , chang - bong lee general : phonology # 2 - - conference room the correlation between onset types and tone in chonnam korean , mi - ryoung kim and san duanmu tone and intonation in hamkyung korean : a bottom-up approach , sung - a kim korean labial laterality and articulation theory , kyoung - ja lee and e . wyn roberts general : syntax # 6 - - classroom a reanalysis of dependent nouns in korean as grammatical nouns , mi - jeung jo on what how behaves like and why , daeho chung minimalist interpretation of the visibility condition , kiyong choi 3 : 00 to 3 : 15 break 3 : 15 to 5 : 15 general : sociolinguistics # 5 - - auditorium the intersection of diachronic syntax and current morphology : an analysis of ey and eyse in korean , sung - ock sohn and susan strauss two types of noncausative psych-verbs in korean and argument / adjunct case particles , sang - geun lee the grammaticalization of particles in korean , sung - ock sohn a study on the semantic change in korean , seung myong lee general : phonology # 3 - - conference room restriction on consonant clusters , jongho jun the merger of back vowels in north korean dialects , soon - kyong kahng is vowel length distinctive in modern korean ? an acoustic analysis , hyunsoon kim and jeong - im han an alternative view on so-called suffixal harmony in korean , eunjin oh general : syntax # 7 - - classroom [ ends at 4 : 45 ] word order preferences for direct and indirect objects in children learning korean , sookeun cho et al . constituent order in korean : antisymmetry and mirror theory , kook - hee gill et al . case alternations in korean coordination , saeyoun cho 5 : 15 break 5 : 30 to 6 : 00 ickl general meeting - - auditorium july 9 , 1998 ; thursday 8 : 30 to 10 : 30 special ii : relative clauses - - auditorium speaker : dr . john whitman reviewer : dr . byung - soo park 10 : 30 to 10 : 45 break 10 : 45 to 12 : 45 special ii : relative clauses - - auditorium against gapless relative clause constructions , jong - bok kim relative clause or noun complement clause : the diagnoses , jong - yul cha the structure of noun-complementation in korean : a vew typology , hyo sang lee demonstratives and relative clauses in korean , hyeson park general : phonology # 4 - - conference room the contextual phonetic palatalization of the korean affricate / c / in comparison with the russian consonants , hyunsoon kim optimality - theoretic approach to tensification in korean , sechang lee synchronic umlaut and palatalization in korean , minsu shim cerebral lateralization and korean , japanese , and chinese orthographies : the critical factors for lateralization in reognizing the orthographies , kiseong park general : sociolinguistics # 6 - - classroom some notes on binding relations in korean , kyoun - kook kim grammaticalization of korean agent-oriented modality , sangsuk oh yo1 / yo2 selceng-oy sahoy-enehak - ceck pwunsek , heesook kim does center-embedding lead to garden-path ? , sungku suh
 "",0
 2476,""Subject: conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages
  
  third international conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands november 26 - november 27 , 1998 programme the conference will consist of three sections . the first section addresses the sociological and social-psychological explanatory context in which language shift processes take place . the second section deals with language attrition from a psycholinguistic perspective , and the third is fully devoted to the building of an integrated explanatory framework for processes of language shift and loss . in memory of willem fase , one of the initiators of the first and second conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages , who died in 1997 , a new forum called the willem fase lecture has been set up . this plenary lecture forum will be granted to a promising scholar , to be selected from the abstracts submitted . thursday , november 26 , 1998 08 . 30-09 . 30 registration at koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands tea / coffee 09 . 30-10 . 00 conference opening section i : language shift from a sociological and social-psychological perspective 10 . 00-11 . 00 plenary session : lesley milroy 11 . 00-12 . 00 plenary session : richard bourhis 12 . 00-13 . 00 lunch 13 . 00-13 . 45 parallel sessions of free papers 13 . 45-14 . 30 parallel sessions 14 . 30-15 . 15 parallel sessions 15 . 15-16 . 00 tea / coffee section ii : language loss from a psycholinguistic perspective 16 . 00-17 . 00 plenary session : kees de bot 17 . 00-17 . 45 parallel sessions 17 . 45-18 . 30 parallel sessions 19 . 00-20 . 30 dinner friday , november 27 , 1998 section ii continued : language loss from a psycholinguistic perspective 08 . 30-09 . 30 plenary session : joel walters 09 . 30-10 . 15 parallel sessions 10 . 15-10 . 45 tea / coffee 10 . 45-11 . 30 plenary session : willem fase lecture 11 . 30-12 . 30 concluding remarks on section i and ii by joshua fishman 12 . 30-13 . 30 lunch section iii : towards an integrated explanatory framework for processes of language shift and loss 13 . 30-15 . 30 preparatory workshops 15 . 30-16 . 00 tea / coffee 16 . 00-17 . 30 round table chaired by michael clyne general information conference secretariat tilburg university research group on language and minorities c / o heleen strating - keurentjes p . o . box 90153 nl-5000 le tilburg the netherlands tel : + 31 13 4662588 fax : + 31 13 4663110 e - mail : language . loss . 98 @ kub . nl organizing committee - dr . ton ammerlaan , arnhem school of business - madeleine hulsen , university of nijmegen - dr . jetske klatter - folmer , institute for the deaf / tilburg university - heleen strating - keurentjes , tilburg university - piet van avermaet , university of leuven - dr . kutlay yagmur , tilburg university scientific committee - prof . kees de bot , university of nijmegen - prof . michael clyne , monash university , melbourne - prof . joshua fishman , stanford university , california / yeshiva university , new york - prof . koen jaspaert , university of leuven - dr . sjaak kroon , tilburg university location the conference will be held at koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands . this modern conference center is situated in forested areas , only fifteen minutes from the city of eindhoven and eindhoven airport . all rooms have a shower , toilet , television and telephone . koningshof offers a wide range of indoor and outdoor sports and leisure facilities , including a swimming pool , sauna , fitness club and squash court . registration and fees for registration , all participants ( including authors of submitted abstracts of papers ) are requested to mail the attached registration form before august 1 , 1998 . the registration fees are : dfl 410 conference programme and full board , before july 1 , 1998 . dfl 460 conference programme and full board , after july 1 , 1998 . dfl 235 conference programme , before july 1 , 1998 . dfl 285 conference programme , after july 1 , 1998 . please add an additional dfl 10 to cover international transfer charges if subscribing from abroad . the fee for the programme covers the conference fee , lunches on thursday and friday , tea / coffee during breaks , and the foreseen conference publication . the fee for full board additionally covers a single-room accommodation for one night including breakfast at koningshof conference center on thursday / friday as well as dinner on thursday . you will receive confirmation of registration , and the final programme at the end of august , 1998 . those who arrive earlier or wish to stay longer must take care of further accommodations themselves . they can contact the conference secretariat . payment of fees all payments should reach us either before july 1 , 1998 or ultimately by august 1 , 1998 ( see registration and fees ) . fees should be paid in dutch guilders to : kub / flw , account number 2386602 , mentioning ' code 1 . 8210 . w334 ' . cancellations the conference secretariat should be notified of cancellations in writing . if cancellations are received before august 1 , 1998 all fees , minus a cancellation charge of 25 % will be refunded . if cancelled after august 1 , but before september 1 , 1998 the cancellation charge will be 50 % . no refunds will be made for cancellations received later than september 1 , 1998 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration form third international conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages , koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands , november 26 - november 27 , 1998 . please fill out completely and return to the conference secretariat before july 1 , or ultimately before august 1 , 1998 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ o male / o female name , initials : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . first name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . institution : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mailing address : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tel . / fax : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e - mail : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please register me for : o conference programme and full board , before july 1 , 1998 . dfl 410 o conference programme and full board , after july 1 , 1998 . dfl 460 o conference programme , before july 1 , 1998 . dfl 235 o conference programme , after july 1 , 1998 . dfl 285 i hereby confirm that the fees have been remitted to the kub / flw account ( see payment of fees ) . special requests or requirements : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . place / date : signature : piet van avermaet centre for language and migration department of linguistics katholieke universiteit leuven blijde inkomststraat 7 , 3000 leuven tel : 32 + 16 + 325365 fax : 32 + 16 + 325360 e-mail : piet . vanavermaet @ arts . kuleuven . ac . be
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 2477,""Subject: csdl - 4
  
  preliminary schedule the fourth conference on conceptual structure , discourse , and language ( csdl - 4 ) october 10-12 , 1998 emory university , atlanta , georgia , usa general information : all talks will be held in the geosciences / anthropology building on the emory university campus . please note there will be a discount for early registration ( before june 10 ) . we also strongly encourage you to book your hotel reservations before that time , as a limited block of rooms has been reserved at the emory inn near the campus . detailed information about preregistration , transportation , and accomodations can be found at the conference web site : http : / / www . emory . edu / college / linguistics / csdl / preliminary schedule friday , october 9 7 : 30 pm : pre - conference symposium on primate communication . harold gouzoules , dario maestripieri , and susan savage-rumbaugh will discuss their research at the yerkes regional primate reseach center on vocal and gestural communication engaged in by our nearest primate relatives . saturday , october 10 9 : 00 ron langacker ( uc san diego ) , """" what wh means """" 9 : 25 liang tao ( ohio u ) , """" switch reference and zero anaphora : emergent reference in discourse processing """" 9 : 50 mira ariel ( tel aviv u ) , """" the cognitive basis of resumptive pronouns """" 10 : 15 michael israel ( uc san diego ) , """" argument structure and scalar argumentation """" 10 : 40 break 11 : 00 david danaher ( u of denver ) , """" metonymy in cognition , literature , and phenomenology : a case study """" 11 : 25 phyllis wilcox ( u of new mexico ) , """" two dogs and a metaphorical chain : an intertropic cognitive phenomenon """" 11 : 50 carol lynn moder ( oklahoma state u ) , """" metaphors in context : linguistic form and conceptual mapping """" 12 : 15 anna papafragou ( univ . college london ) , """" metaphor and cognition : evidence from english and modern greek """" 12 : 40 poster session and buffet lunch the following posters will be on display and presenters will be available for discussion ; a buffet lunch will be available in the same room . tamer amin ( clark u ) , """" the syntax and semantics of heat and temperature : a cognitive linguistics approach to the layperson 's understanding of scientific terms . john barnden ( u of birmingham ) , """" conceptual blending and an implemented system for metaphor - based reasoning """" benjamin bergen ( uc berkeley ) , """" the experiential foundations of metaphors for society : metaphorical analogy and the personification of society """" roberta corrigan ( u of wisconsin - milwaukee ) , """" semantic factors influencing the attribution of causality in interpersonal events """" lourdes de leon and john haviland ( ciesas & reed college ) , """" the emergence of the participant : gesture , verbs , and interaction in early tzotzil 's peech ' """" galina dobrova ( state pedagogical u . of russia ) , """" what is more important in the study of language acquisition : form or function ? ( children 's references to self in perception and production ) """" michele emanatian ( five colleges , amherst ) , """" metaphor clustering in discourse """" sharon hutchins ( emory u ) , """" phonesthemes as classifiers within the english root : revisiting manner and path in english and spanish """" scott liddell ( gallaudet u ) , """" reification in spatial blends """" mei - chun liu ( national chiao tung u ) and chu - ren huang ( academia sinica ) , """" from nonimals to temporal targets : a lexical invitation for conceptual transfer and discourse participation """" paul maglio ( ibm ) and teenie matlock ( uc santa cruz ) , """" emergent structure in information space """" todd oakley ( case western reserve u ) , """" syntactic error as conceptual disintegration """" misumi sadler ( u of arizona ) , """" grammaticization of the direct object marker ' o ' in japanese : a discourse-based study """" kiyoko takahashi ( chulalongkorn u ) , """" functions and forms of access path expressions in thai """" sarah taub ( gallaudet u ) , """" multiple metaphors in single asl signs """" longxing wei ( montclair state u ) , """" complex lexical structure and interlanguage development """" section on discourse and computer mediated communication ( cmc ) : victor balaban ( emory u ) , """" self and agency in face - to - face and on - line discourse """" sage graham ( georgetown u ) , """" ' hello , welcome to my world ! ' : the emergence of conversational style in personal homepages """" alexandra jaffe ( u of southern mississippi ) , """" virtual greeting cards """" diane schallert , ronald benton , melissa dodson , nicole amador , maria lissi , joylynn reed , and fan - ni liu ( u of texas , austin ) , """" individual cognition and social construction of discourse in cmc classroom discussions """" 2 : 15 theme session - - grammatical constructions : form and function joan bybee ( u of new mexico ) , """" constructions as processing units """" brian macwhinney ( carnegie mellon u ) , """" embodiment , perspective , and argument structure """" t . givon ( u of oregon ) , """" the grammar of perspective in fiction """" 4 : 15 break 4 : 30 regina pustet ( u of munich ) , """" copula and time - stability """" 4 : 55 patrick juola ( u of oxford ) , """" text distortion as a measure of communicative function and complexity """" 5 : 20 steven fincke ( uc santa barbara ) , """" three levels of core - oblique distinction in bikol """" 5 : 45 kristine jensen de lopez ( aarhus u ) , """" learning to organize space by use of body part terms , prepositions , and verbs of motion and disposition """" 6 : 10 asli ozyurek ( max planck inst . ) , """" differences in speech and gesture organization in turkish and english spatial discourse """" sunday , october 11 9 : 00 dieter hillert ( uc san diego ) , """" access to idiomatic and literal meanings during real - time sentence processing """" 9 : 25 michael barlow and suzanne kemmer ( rice u ) , """" idioms and blending """" 9 : 50 roderick jacobs ( u of hawai ' i ) , """" discourse cueing and the idealized reader """" 10 : 15 miguel oliveira ( simon fraser u ) , """" the function of self - aggrandizement in storytelling """" 10 : 40 break 11 : 00 soteria svorou ( san jose state u ) , """" regions in language """" 11 : 25 barbara malt ( lehigh u ) , steven sloman and silvia gennari ( brown u ) , meiyi shi and yuan wang ( lehigh u ) , """" similarity and the linguistic categorization of common objects """" 11 : 50 sherman wilcox ( u of new mexico ) , """" cognitive iconicity and signed language universals """" 12 : 15 michael smith ( oakland u ) , """" some aspects of path - like iconicity in german separable verb constructions """" 12 : 40 lunch 2 : 00 theme session - - functional and cognitive approaches to the study of first language acquisition eve clark ( stanford u ) , """" the uptake of words and semantic relations """" nancy budwig ( clark u ) , """" perspective , deixis , and the development of voice """" michael tomasello ( max planck inst . & emory u ) : """" acquiring and constraining verb - argument constructions """" 4 : 00 break 4 : 15 satoshi uehara ( tohoku u ) , """" subjective predicates in japanese : a cognitive approach """" 4 : 40 michel achard ( rice u ) , """" conceptual raising """" 5 : 05 sally rice ( u of alberta ) and hubert cuyckens ( u of hamburg & antwerp ) , """" does ontogeny recapitulate phylogeny in the emergence of infinitival ' to ' ? a developmental and diachronic case study """" 5 : 30 break 5 : 45 christopher johnson ( uc berkeley ) , """" constructional grounding : on the relation between deictic and existential there - constructions in acquisition """" 6 : 10 benjamin bergen and madelaine plauche ( uc berkeley ) , """" voila voila : metaphorical extensions of deictic constructions in french """" 6 : 35 kevin moore ( uc berkeley ) , """" deixis and the ' front / back ' component of temporal metaphors """" 7 : 00 conference dinner party monday , october 12 9 : 00 shannon mcewen and sally rice ( u of alberta ) , """" ' they all went to go play ' : serial verb constructions in children 's narratives """" 9 : 25 ivo sanchez ( uc santa barbara ) , """" prosodic integration in spanish complement clauses """" 9 : 50 tom skold and maria wiktorsson ( lund u ) , """" compositional and non - compositional aspects of written and spoken texts """" 10 : 15 barbara luka ( u of chicago ) and lawrence barsalou ( emory u ) , """" syntactic accomodations in discourse and the implicit memory for syntactic structures """" 10 : 40 break 11 : 00 ferdinand de haan ( u of new mexico ) , """" on the grammaticalization of visual evidentiality """" 11 : 25 susan duncan ( u of chicago ) , """" evidence from gesture for a conceptual nexus of action and entity """" 11 : 50 lunch 1 : 10 theme session - - conceptual blending and metaphor eve sweetser ( uc berkeley ) , """" performativity and blended spaces """" gilles fauconnier ( uc san diego ) , """" the great chain of blending """" george lakoff ( uc berkeley ) , title tba 3 : 10 ( conference ends )
 "",0
 2478,""Subject: program & info : workshop on comparative slavic morphosyntax
  
  workshop on comparative slavic morphosyntax program and practical information mccormick 's creek state park spenser , indiana 5 - 7 june 1998 indiana university and the u . s . dept . of education are pleased to sponsor this workshop . earlier this winter and spring five """" position papers """" were published at our www site < http : / / www . indiana . edu / ~ slavconf / linguistics / index . html > the position papers aimed to summarize the state of knowledge on five crucial topics within the general rubric of comparative slavic morphosyntax , and responses were solicited addressing these papers . the workshop brings together the authors of the position papers and the respondants in an intimate , retreat-like setting . non - respondants are welcome to attend ; see below for details . the position papers and responses will be published by slavica publishers . friday , 5 june 1998 session 1 : wh - phrases and wh - movement in slavic 1 : 00 pm zeljko boskovic , u . of connecticut ( position paper ) 1 : 30 discussion responses : 1 : 45 norvin richards , u . of massachusetts focusing on serbo - croatian and not on bulgarian 2 : 10 jeong - seok kim , university of connecticut superiority effects in multiple wh - fronting 2 : 35 michael yadroff , indiana university wh - movement and superiority in russian 2 : 50 sandra stjepanovic , university of connecticut movement of wh - phrases in serbo - croatian matrix clauses 3 : 15 general discussion 3 : 45 arthur stepanov , university of connecticut scope - marking interrogatives in slavic 4 : 10 sue brown , harvard university attract - all and its relevance for negative concord 4 : 35 piotr banski , indiana university and warsaw university wh - movement in polish 5 : 00 loren billings , carnegie - mellon university catherine rudin , wayne state college animacy and focus in bulgarian wh - questions 5 : 25 general discussion 6 : 15 picnic dinner ( see below ) saturday , 6 june 1998 : session 2 : agreement in slavic 8 : 30 am greville g . corbett , u . of sussex ( position paper ) 9 : 00 discussion responses : 9 : 15 wayles browne , cornell university agreement with infinitive subjects in slavic 9 : 40 jens norgard - sorensen , university of copenhagen animacy as an agreement category 10 : 05 stephen wechsler , university of texas larisa zlatic , university of texas sentential and discourse agreement in serbo - croatian 10 : 30 natasha borovikova , depauw university and indiana university first - conjunct agreement with unaccusative verbs in russian 10 : 55 kim gareiss , university of chicago linguistic ideology and the loss of slavic agreement : the case of the macedonian relativizer 11 : 20 discussion 12 : 00 lunch session 3 : voice and diathesis in slavic 1 : 15 leonard h . babby , princeton university 1 : 45 discussion responses : 2 : 00 james lavine , princeton university stephanie harves , princeton university loren billings , carnegie mellon university syntax and diathesis : a response to l . h . babby 's """" voice and diathesis in slavic """" 2 : 25 george fowler , indiana university - sja , - en , and the vagaries of diathesis : why should aspect have anything to do with it anyway ? 2 : 40 marina yu . chertkova , lomonosov moscow university the passive voice , and by - aspectual verbs 3 : 05 milena slavcheva , bulgarian academy of sciences some reflections on voice and diathesis 3 : 20 general discussion session 4 : the slavic noun phrase 4 : 00 gilbert c . rappaport , university of texas , austin 4 : 30 discussion responses : 4 : 45 larisa zlatic , university of texas slavic noun phrases are nps , not dps 5 : 10 michael yadroff , indiana university the structure of np in slavic and ug 5 : 25 miriam engelhardt , jerusalem helen trugman , cteh , holon double genitive constructions in russian 5 : 50 george fowler , indiana university what 's at the top of np : kp , pp , and the nature of transitional categories 6 : 05 sandra stjepanovic , university of connecticut extraction of adjuncts out of nps 6 : 20 general discussion sunday 7 june 1998 session 5 : clitics in slavic 8 : 30 steven franks , indiana university 9 : 00 discussion responses : 9 : 15 ljiljana progovac , wayne state university clitic - second and verb - second 9 : 40 olga tomic , university of novi sad against clitic lowering 10 : 05 peter kosta , universitaet potsdam on the syntax of negation and clitics in slavic 10 : 30 iva schick , universitaet potsdam clitic doubling constructions in balkan - slavic languages 11 : 05 geraldine legendre , johns hopkins university generalized optimality - theoretic alignment : the case of macedonian clitics 11 : 30 general discussion 12 : 00 karel oliva , university of saarland just czech clitics data , or a closer look at the """" position paper : clitics in slavic """" ( 10 ) 12 : 15 matthew richardson , yale university czech clitics as phrasal inflection 12 : 40 piotr banski , indiana university and warsaw university verbal clitics in polish 1 : 05 general discussion location the workshop will be held at mccormick 's creek state park , near spenser , indiana , about 15 miles west of bloomington , indiana ( home of indiana university ) along highway 46 . practical arrangements there is no registration fee for the workshop , but we ask that you inform us in advance if you plan to attend , so that we can make appropriate arrangements for the included meals ( see below ) . we will have a single large room , with classroom-style seating ( tables facing the front ) . we will have an overhead projector , so speakers may prepare transparencies if they like , as well as an easel with poster-sized paper to write on if you prefer . we recommend that you bring 40 handouts with you if possible . limited xeroxing facilities are available for 10 cents / copy at the site , but it is better not to count on this . air : you should fly in and out of indianapolis . we will provide free airport transportation if you communicate your arrival and departure information in advance . as an emergency backup ( in case of serious flight delays or if your ride 's car should break down and strand you at the airport ) , there is reasonably priced shuttle service to bloomington from the ground transportation center at the airport . we do n't expect this to be an issue , but just in case , the shuttle schedule is given below . if you are not met as expected call the slavica publishers office at 1-812 - 856-4186 to communicate your problem . driving : if you arrive by car from the north or east , exit i-465 ( the circle road around indianapolis ) onto highway 67 at the sw corner of the city , and head south about 45 miles ; turn south ( left ) only highway 231 about 10 miles north of spenser , and at the first stoplight in spenser ( one of only three ! ) turn left ( east ) onto highway 46 . go two miles , then turn left into the park at a well-marked entrance . at the gate , state that your are arriving for the slavic workshop , and they will admit you without the $ 2 admission charge ) . the canyon inn is about 1 km into the park along the main road , and it is well marked . if you arrive from the south , take i-65 to highway 46 at columbus , indiana . exit west ( left ) and travel 50-60 miles through bloomington to the park , which will be on the right just before spenser . > from the west , take i-70 towards indianapolis , and exit onto highway 231 . travel about 30 miles south to spenser , then follow the directions above . > from bloomington , spenser is 15 miles to the west along highway 46 ( drive west on 17th st , which becomes 46 as it leaves bloomington ) . email me if you require additional transportation information ! accommodations the workshop will be held at the canyon inn on the territory of mccormick 's creek state park . two types of rooms are available : 1 double bed ( $ 60 / night ) 2 single beds ( $ 60 / night as single , $ 30 / person / night as double ) the rooms are small but quite nice , all with air conditioning , private bath , color tv , and the usual furnishings . we have contracted to pay the inn directly for our block of rooms ( thus saving all taxes , since we are a tax-exempt organization ! ) , and therefore you should make reservations with us via email , fax , etc . , and plan to pay us for your room upon arrival at the workshop . we prefer checks , if possible , but will take cash happily and can take credit cards if there is no other alternative ( we will have to handle this through slavica , as if you were purchasing books instead of paying for the room ) . the canyon inn has a swimming pool , and various outdoor recreation facilities are available ( hiking through the woods , horseback riding for a fee , etc . ) , so pack accordingly if you plan to take advantage of these opportunities during the workshop ! expect hot and humid weather , with daily temperatures reaching or exceeding 30 degrees celsius . overflow rooms are available at the patriot inn , about 1 km from the park entrance . these rooms cost about $ 44 single plus $ 4 - 5 per additional person in room . they are not as nice as the canyon inn rooms , and staying away from the workshop diminishes the coziness of the workshop experience , so we will not use them unless we run out of space at the canyon inn ( and this does not appear to be a problem at the moment ) . if you have to stay there , we will provide transportation to and from the conference site . if you want to stay in bloomington for a few days before or after the workshop , we have blocked some rooms in eigenmann hall , a graduate dormitory with single rooms , on-premises cafeteria , and within walking distance of our library . rooms cost about $ 28 / day ( food is not included ) , and may be paid for by credit card , cash , or checks . you should request these rooms through me in advance of the workshop , specifying arrival and departure dates . food the conference will provide the following meals at no charge to participants ( if you are accompanied by a spouse or children , they are welcome to join us but you must pay for their food ; email me for details ) . it is very important that i have an exact count before the conference , as i must provide this information to the canyon inn , so please keep me informed of your plans friday evening : outdoor picnic dinner ( barbecue chicken and ribs , various other dishes ; vegetarians can feast on salads etc . ; indoors if it rains ) saturday morning : coffee / juice / pastries / fruit at the conference room saturday lunch : buffet with sandwiches , salads , beverages , etc . sunday morning : same as saturday morning . saturday evening and sunday lunch are not provided for . i figure many people might want to go to a restaurant in bloomington , but there is a decent restaurant in the canyon inn as well , and one pleasant-looking hilltop restaurant in spenser as well . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * george fowler [ email ] gfowler @ indiana . edu dept . of slavic languages [ dept . tel . ] 1-812 - 855-9906 / - 2608 / - 2624 ballantine 502 [ dept . fax ] 1-812 - 855-2107 indiana university [ home phone / fax ] 1-317 - 726-1482 / - 1642 bloomington , in 47405-6616 usa [ slavica phone / fax ] 1-812 - 856-4186 / - 4187 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",0
 2479,""Subject: journees de rochebrune 99
  
  1st call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - journes de rochebrune 1999 : rencontres interdisciplinaires sur les systmes complexes naturels et artificiels appel communications thme des journes 1999 toutes indications disponibles : http : / / www . idiap . ch / ~ glotin / rb99 . html conflits des interprtations et interprtation des conflits le robert dfinit l ' interprtation comme l ' activit de donner une signification que ce soit aux signes en gnral ou aux phnomnes . la connaissance que nous avons de cette activit est relativement peu structure au contraire de l ' activit de modlisation qui est spcifique quoique dominante dans la science occidentale contemporaine . l ' interprtation peut se comprendre la fois comme un processus et comme son rsultat . elle peut donc tre difficilement spare de sa dynamique d ' laboration . c ' est pourquoi nous voulons explorer plus prcisment le rle des conflits et antagonismes dont hraclite disait qu ' ils sont les seuls moteurs d ' volution . le conflit ne doit pas forcment tre compris dans le sens de la logique classique dans laquelle il est source d ' incohrence ; ni dans le sens tymologique de forces qui se heurtent ce qui rendrait le conflit source de destruction , mais au contraire comme dynamique cratrice une fois place dans un mcanisme d ' quilibration , possiblement par interprtation du conflit lui-mme . nous souhaitons poser les questions ( non-exhaustives ) suivantes : * le vivant interprte-t - il son environnement et quel sens donner cette assertion ? entre adn et organisation cellulaire , qu ' en est-il de l ' embryogense comme hermneutique du vivant ? * quelle diffrence y a-t - il entre l ' interprtation par le vivant , l ' homme et la machine ? quels modles en avons-nous et sont-ils conflictuels ? que nous apprend l ' ordinateur comme machine universelle traiter le signe ? * quel est le rle des conflits et antagonismes dans la construction d ' interprtation ? pourquoi les viter et comment les utiliser ? * comment une interprtation individuelle est-elle possible ou qu ' en est-il de l ' interprtation collective et du rle de la multiplicit des points de vue , qu ' ils soient mthodologiques , contextuels ou de niveaux , et donc des conflits qui peuvent en rsulter ? qu ' en est-il de l ' interprtation comme rsolution des conflits et donc moteur d ' volution ? * si , comme dans la deuxime dfinition du greimas ( voir notes ) , les signes sont toujours dj signifiants , comment peuvent-ils avoir ce statut ? qu ' est-ce qui les rend signifiants ? qu ' en est-il de la pense symbolique des civilisations anciennes ou orientales et qui a t cultive chez nous jusqu ' au moyen - age ( g . durand ) ? comment cette forme d ' interprtation s ' articule-t - elle avec les signes dcontextualiss , jusqu ' tre calculables et la conception de l ' interprtation qui en dcoule ? * de quels processus de lgitimation des interprtations disposons-nous ? quelles relations l ' interprtation entretient-elle avec l ' action ou l ' argumentation que ce soit avant , par ou aprs coup ? comment l ' interprtation s ' articule-t - elle la controverse , la ngociation , l ' ajustement ? * puisque la simulation joue un rle de plus en plus grand dans l ' activit du modlisateur : comment s ' articulent la simulation et l ' interprtation ? ces questions sont au coeur de la plupart des sciences et plus particulirement la smiotique , l ' hermneutique , les sciences cognitives et neurosciences , la philosophie , la psychologie , la linguistique et psycholinguistique , l ' intelligence artificielle , l ' anthropologie et la sociologie . elles sous-tendent galement l ' activit scientifique , tant dans la modlisation que dans l ' exprimentation . elles sont insparables des activits des concepteurs - ingnieurs , informaticiens , architectes . . . - dont les productions proviennent de la rsolution de conflits d ' interprtations du monde , et sont soumises des conflits d ' interprtation . notes : selon """" smiotique - dictionnaire raisonn de la thorie du langage """" de greimas et courts , on distingue au moins deux acceptions de l ' interprtation , l ' interprtation comme attribution de significations des signes qui en sont dpourvus et l ' interprtation comme paraphrase ( au sens large ) de signes dj remplis de significations . cette deuxime acception fait cho au """" dictionnaire de la psychanalyse """" de laplanche et pontalies qui dfinit l ' interprtation comme dgagement , par l ' investigation analytique , de sens latent dans le dire et les conduites d ' un sujet ; faisant donc rfrence la fois au sens dj l et , en plus , sa modalit d ' obtention . soumission des contributions les propositions de communication , de 4 12 pages , devront parvenir en trois exemplaires ou sous forme lectronique ( word attach vivement souhait ) l ' adresse suivante : christophe parisse , inserm , laboratoire de neuropsychologie de l ' enfant , btiment pharmacie 3me tage , hpital de la salptrire , 47 bd de l ' hpital , 75651 paris cedex 13 , france e - mail : parisse @ ext . jussieu . fr dates importantes rception des manuscrits : 31 septembre 1998 notification d ' acceptation : 9 novembre 1998 remise des versions finales : 10 dcembre 1998 toutes indications disponibles : http : / / www . idiap . ch / ~ glotin / rb99 . html ffrom mailer-daemon mon may 25 13 : 59 : 16 1998 received : from linguist . ldc . upenn . edu ( linguist . ldc . upenn . edu [ 158 . 130 . 16 . 169 ] ) by linguistlist . org ( 8 . 8 . 8 / 8 . 8 . 8 ) with esmtp id naa14645 for < linguist @ linguistlist . org > ; mon , 25 may 1998 13 : 59 : 15 - 0400 ( edt ) received : from linguist . ldc . upenn . edu ( linguist . ldc . upenn . edu [ 158 . 130 . 16 . 169 ] ) by linguist . ldc . upenn . edu ( 8 . 8 . 5 / 8 . 8 . 5 ) with esmtp id naa17535 for < linguist @ linguistlist . org > ; mon , 25 may 1998 13 : 59 : 15 - 0400 ( edt ) message - id : < 199805251759 . naa17535 @ linguist . ldc . upenn . edu >
 "",0
 2480,""Subject: table of contents
  
  the instituto universitario ortega y gasset of madrid has edited the fith issue of iuog - working papers in linguistics / cuadernos de linguistica del iuog with the following contents : cuadernos de linguistica v ( 1997-1998 ) contents : eva berkes : a minimalist approach to negative concord violeta demonte barreto : a minimal account of spanish adjective position and interpretation olga fernndez - soriano : on impersonal sentences in spanish : locative and dative subjects dionisio hernndez cmara : condiciones estructurales mnimas del movimiento explcito isabel nieto herranz : prepositional prefix co - : syntactic and semantic properties teresa mara rodrguez ramalle : bases para un estudio sintctico-semntico de la interpretacin del adverbio natalia snchez - lefebvre : stylistic movement in the dp : evidence from possessive constructions price : $ 10 ( price do not include shipping and handling charges . prices in u . s . dollars are subject to change without notice ) orders and information ( for current volumen as well as previous ones ) must be sent to the following address : cuadernos de lingstica instituto universitario ortega y gasset ( i . u . o . g . ) c / fortuny 53 28010 madrid espaa / spain ph . # : ( 34 ) - 91-310 - 44-12 fax # : ( 34 ) - 91-308 - 40-07 purchase method : transfer bank account : send the total amount of your purchase ( copies of the current number as well of the previous ones ) to the following bank account ( ccc ) : banco exterior de espaa ( bex ) c / serrano 49 28006 madrid spain 0104-0306 - 55-0304028330 please , include a copy of the receipt with your order form and send it to the aforementioned address . for orders from spain , check in spanish currency , for order out of spain , check in u . s . dollars payable to instituto universitario ortega y gasset with the total amount and include it in the order form . cash on delivery ( c . o . d . ) . in this case , the purchase amount will include shipping and handling charges .
 "",0
 2481,""Subject: 1998 nic symposium
  
  1998 nic symposium on intercultural communication november 25-27 , 1998 g \ 246teborg , sweden hosted by the department of linguistics , g \ 246teborg university ( with support by kim and the immigrant institute in bor \ 229s ) # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # background # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # the nordic network for intercultural communication ( nic ) was founded in 1994 for the promotion of intercultural research and education in the nordic and baltic countries . the objectives of nic are to support active interaction and to support information exchange concerning higher education and research projects in the nordic countries , and in the new , baltic countries . in addition , nic supports development of research and training in intercultural communication in different locations . the present activities of nic include mainly : \ 183 to hold annual symposia or conferences on intercultural communication \ 183 to keep an address list of interested researchers and organizations \ 183 to maintain an internet based forum for discussion . the first nic symposium on intercultural communication was held in 1994 , in stavanger , norway , subsequently symposia have been held in jyv \ 228skl \ 228 , finland , november 1995 ; in aalborg , denmark , november 1996 ; and in tartu , estonia , november 1997 . the fifth nic annual conference on intercultural communication will take place in g \ 246teborg , sweden , hosted by the department of linguistics at g \ 246teborg university , sweden and supported by kim ( inderdisciplinary center for research on cultural and intercultural migration ) and the immigrant institute in bor \ 229s . # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # first call for papers # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # the 1998 nic symposium on intercultural communication committee now invites all prospective participants to send abstracts of proposed papers or full papers , research-in - progress papers , and proposals for panels or other activities pertaining to the conference . the main theme suggested for the 1998 nic symposium will be """" intercultural communication through multimodal media """" , which may include spoken intercultural communication , nonverbal intercultural communication , long distance intercultural communication ( e . g . telephone , email , internet ) , etc . the following and other suggested topics are also welcome . 1 . icc and the internet 2 . political rhetoric 3 . intercultural conflict handling 4 . spoken language and icc 5 . intercultural business communication 6 . educational aspects of icc 7 . icc and nonverbal communication 8 . icc and sign - language 9 . immigration and icc 10 . managing cultural diversity # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # submission of abstracts ( deadline : june 1 , 1998 ) # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # please prepare your abstract within 250 words . the abstract should contain the title , name ( s ) and address ( es ) of the author ( s ) , e-mail address , and fax numbers of the author to whom the acceptance / rejection notice should be sent . the abstract for each presentation should be received by june 1 , 1998 . please send your abstract to one of the following addresses . jens allwood , g \ 246teborg university , department of linguistics box 200 , se 405 30 g \ 246teborg , sweden email address : jens @ ling . gu . se fax : + 46 ( 0 ) 31 773 4853 youhua tong , g \ 246teborg university , department of linguistics box 200 , se 405 30 g \ 246teborg , sweden email address : youhua @ ling . gu . se fax : + 46 ( 0 ) 31 773 4853 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # paper presentation # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # the symposium committee will select papers for presentation and will organize the final program and inform you whether or not your paper proposal is accepted by september 1998 . if your paper proposal is accepted , you will be invited to present a paper for about twenty minutes . please note that the working language of the conference is english . # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # publication of papers # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # publication of papers will be considered according to various circumstances as well as conditions of funding at a later stadium of the conference organization . decisions concerning publication will be announced later at the web homepage for the 1998 nic symposium at the following address : http : / / www . ling . gu . se / events / icc98reg . html # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # registration ( deadline : august 31 , 1998 ) # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # payment received before august 31 , 1998 students : 300 sek nonstudents : 700 sek payment received after august 31 , 1998 students : 400 sek nonstudents : 800 sek welcome to the 1998 nic symposium on intercultural communication !
 "",0
 2482,""Subject: sle 98 st . andrews
  
  invitation to workshop during the 31st sle conference at st . andrews , 26-30 august , 1998 workshop organizer : werner abraham , groningen ( e - mail : abraham @ let . rug . nl , fax : + 31-50 - 363 58 21 ) workshop topic : ` spoken and written languages ; their structural and typological differeences ' the workshop aims at presentations in the following subfields to the general title : parsing strategies divided between spoken and written vernaculars ; typological differences and historical changes initiated by parsing rather than logical-structu - ral triggers ( such as , as the underwritten himself will claim in a contribution to the workshop , the upper german preterite decay ) ; typological differences be - tween genetically closely related languages such as afrikaans , yiddish and dial - ectal germans ( more or less strongly svo ) vs . written german ( sov ) ; what me - diates between sov and svo other than ( charles fries ' claim ) distinctions of mor - phological case ? it will be shown in the paper referred to above that distinctions of a discourse-functional sort and their prerequsites in structural terms ( wide middle field ! ) can contribute to the upkeeping of sov despite the fact that case morphology is rather weak ( dialectal german and dutch ) . organization : ( especially younger ) colleagues interested should contact organizer at groningen with an abstract covering an adjacent topic no longer than one page ( for a 20-30 minutes presentation ) . the intention is to submit a collection of the - matically unified papers to fol as a self-contained volume . heed : to attend the conference you need to be a member of the societas linguistica europaea . please contact the local organizers , dr . christopher beedham and dr . isabel forbes , dept . of german , school of modern languages , the university , st . andrews , fife ky16 9ph , scotland / uk , cb1 @ st-and . ac . uk , fax ( 01334 ) 46 36 77 , home page : http : / / www . st-and . ac . uk / academic / modlangs / sle98 / sle98 . html mail to : werner abraham , duits - letteren - rug , oude kijk in ' t jat straat 26 , nl-9712 ek groningen
 "",0
 2483,""Subject: aiml ' 98 : final call for papers
  
  final call for papers advances in modal logic ' 98 aiml ' 98 october 16-18 , 1998 uppsala university , uppsala , sweden advances in modal logic is an initiative aimed at presenting an up-to - date picture of the state of the art in modal logic and its many applications . the initiative consists of a workshop series together with volumes based on those workshops . advances in modal logic ' 98 is the second workshop organized as part of this initiative . aiml ' 98 will be held from october 16 - - 18 , 1998 in uppsala , sweden . the workshop is intended for users of modal logic in cognition , computing , and language , as well as for logicians working in modal logic . topics : the aiml ' 98 workshop will be organized around a number of thematic areas : * modal logics of agency and normative systems * algebraic and model-theoretic aspects of modal logic * modal approaches to grammar and natural language semantics * computational aspects of modal logic * philosophical aspects of modal logic * modal logic and belief revision . papers on related subjects will also be considered . special session : during the workshop there will be a special afternoon session on modal logic and belief revision ; this session will be chaired by sven ove hansson and sten lindstrom . invited speakers : invited speakers include j . van benthem , k . fine , d . m . gabbay , j . horty , m . kracht , and r . parikh . paper submission : authors are invited to submit a detailed abstract of a full paper of at most 10 pages by e-mail to heinrich wansing at wansing @ rz . uni-leipzig . de , using ` aiml98 submission ' as the subject line . the cover page should include title , authors , and the coordinates of the corresponding author . following this it should be indicated which of the thematic areas best describes the content of the paper ( if none is appropriate , please give a set of keywords that best describe the topic of the paper ) . to be considered , submissions must be received no later than june 1 , 1998 . the preliminary version of the full paper to be included in a planned volume from the workshop should be available at the workshop ; the volume will be submitted to csli publications . authors will be notified of the acceptance of their paper by december 1 , 1998 . sponsors : the aiml ' 98 workshop is generously sponsored by neurotec hochtechnologie gmbh , the computational logic group at illc , university of amsterdam , compulog net network for computational logic , the swedish royal academy of science , and the university of uppsala . important dates : submission deadline : june 1 , 1998 notification : august 1 , 1998 workshop : october 16-18 , 1998 preliminary version for workshop volume due at the workshop notification of acceptance for publication : december 1 , 1998 programme committee : maarten de rijke , krister segerberg , heinrich wansing , michael zakharyaschev programme chair michael zakharyaschev institute of applied mathematics russian academy of sciences miusskaya square 4 125047 moscow russia ( e-mails : mishaz @ math . fu-berlin . de and mz @ spp . keldysh . ru ) aiml steering committee : maarten de rijke , heinrich wansing , michael zakharyaschev aiml advisory board : johan van benthem , max cresswell , luis farinas del cerro , larry moss , indiana krister , uppsala colin stirling further information : email enquiries about the aiml ' 98 workshop should be directed to krister . segerberg @ filosofi . uu . se . information about the aiml initiative can be obtained on the world - wide web at http : / / www . wins . uva . nl / ~ mdr / aiml .
 "",0
 2484,""Subject: workshop annoncement and call for papers - clitics
  
  workshop announcement and call for papers c l i t i c s 24th - 26th february 1999 konstanz university , germany we are pleased to announce our workshop on ' clitics ' during the 21st annual meeting of the german society of linguistics in konstanz ( germany ) . in linguistic research , clitics play an increasingly prominent role . the status of clitics is under discussion in phonology , morphology , and syntax , as well as in the respective interfaces . in these fields , the discussion on clitics gives rise to controversial analyses . one open question is whether we need in fact a separate linguistic category ' clitic ' , or whether these elements can be subsumed under different linguistic categories , such as affixes . - with respect to phonology , it is undetermined how clitics are incorporated into phonological structure . should we distinguish a clitic group in the prosodic hierarchy , are clitics part of prosodic words , or are they left outside prosodic structure ? how is their phonological deficiency best accounted for ? - concerning the morphology of clitics , especially regarding the occurrence of opaque clitics in clitic clusters , analyses within the framework of distributed morphology compete with those which propose an optimality theoretic solution . - also , the morphosyntactic status of clitics is unclear . is it possible to capture the order of clitics in clitic clusters in a more explanatory way than in terms of templates ? the complex conditions on clitic doubling give rise to the question whether clitics should be analysed as agreement markers or as arguments . - syntactic aspects of clitics play a major role in recent analyses in different theoretical frameworks . for instance , there is no agreement on the explanation of clitic climbing and it is an unsettled issue whether clitic placement should be accounted for in a syntactic , prosodic , prosodic-syntactic , or optimality-theoretic approach . the workshop intends to bring together phonologists , morphologists , and syntacticians and provides an ideal opportunity to share insights and to discuss the issues mentioned above . in addition to the invited speaker presentations , there are 9 slots for 30 - minute presentations , and 3 slots for 1 hour presentations ( including discussion ) . invited speakers : geert booij ( free university amsterdam ) jane grimshaw ( rutgers university ) juan uriagereka ( university of maryland ) please send a one-page abstract before 15th august 1998 to : birgit gerlach & janet grijzenhout , seminar fuer allgemeine sprachwissenschaft , heinrich - heine - universitaet , universitaetsstr . 1 , 40225 duesseldorf , germany . we may be contacted by e-mail at gerlach @ phil-fak . uni-duesseldorf . de , or grijzenh @ phil-fak . uni-duesseldorf . de
 "",0
 2485,""Subject: conferrence ' minority languages in context '
  
  minority languages in context : diversity and standardisation the provisional programm of the ' colloque 1998 de la vals / asla ' , 21st - 23rd september 1998 , in chur , switzerland , about ' minority languages in context : diversity and standardisation ' is available on the following website : http : / / www . romsem . unibas . ch / vals _ asla / colloque98 / colloque98eng . htm the final programm of the congress will be available around mid june . eva roos aal , university of berne , switzerland eva . roos @ aal . unibe . ch
 "",0
 2486,""Subject: available for review : massaro 98 -
  
  the book listed below is in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . speech perception massaro , dominic ( 1998 ) perceiving talking faces : from speech perception to a behavioral principle . cambridge : mit press . pattern recognition is deemed central to cognition . it appears to follow an optimal algorithm in a wide variety of behaviors and situations . _ perceiving talking faces _ proposes an invariant law of pattern recognition to describe how multiple sources of continuously perceived information , such as auditory and visual speech input are processed to achieve perception of a category . the book details the author 's extensive series of experiments on the use of multiple cues in speech perception and other domains , and unifies teh results under the fuzzy logical model of perception . the volume includes a cd rom . the reviewer of this volume will be expected to review both the book and the cd rom .
 "",0
 2487,""Subject: amsterdam series in child language development vol . 6
  
  as of now is available volume 6 of the """" amsterdam series in child language development """" : anne baker , mieke beers , gerard bol , jan de jong & geertje leemans ( eds ) """" child language disorders in a cross - linguistic perspective . proceedings of the fourth symposium of the european group on child language disorders . """" ( 1997 ) ascld no . 6 dfl 15 . 00 contents : gerard bol """" preface ' ( 5 - 7 ) anne baker , annette scheper , bart siebelink & philip treffers ' morphosyntactic problems in children with psychiatric disturbance ' ( 9-31 ) laura bosch & miquel serra ' grammatical morphology deficits of spanish - speaking children with specific language impairment ' ( 33-45 ) gina conti - ramsden ' what is the nature of specific language impairment ? is sli really specific ? ' ( 47-64 ) esther dromi , laurence leonard & galit adam ' evaluating the morphological abilities of hebrew - speaking children with sli ' ( 65-78 ) jan de jong ' verbal argument structure in specifically language impaired children ' ( 79-98 ) melita kovaevi , hermann schler and marta ljubei ' controlled sentence production in sli children : german and croatian studies ' ( 99-115 ) geertje leemans ' the acquisition of subj - v - agreement and v2 in dutch sli children - first results ' ( 117-141 ) eeva leinonen & carolyn letts ' why pragmatic impairment ? a case study in comprehension of inferential meaning ' ( 143-157 ) anne - marie schaerlaekens ' language loss and language recovery in landau - kleffner syndrome ' ( 159-177 ) the """" amsterdam series in child language development """" ( issn 1382-5550 ) was established in 1993 . the series editors are maaike verrips ( now utrecht ) and frank wijnen ( utrecht ) . publisher is the institute for general linguistics at the university of amsterdam ( where orders can be placed - - see below ) . more information on the """" amsterdam series in child language development """" can be found on ascld 's web-page : http : / / www-uilots . let . uu . nl / ~ frank . wijnen / ascld-info . html = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = amsterdam series in child language development = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ascld requires prepayment . as soon as your payment reaches us , we will send out your copies and an invoice . our dutch customers can order ascld 6 by transferring the amount of dfl 15 . 00 to ( postal ) account no . 5032250 of : vakgroep algemene taalwetenschap , universiteit van amsterdam , spuistraat 210 , 1012 vt amsterdam . ( postbank n . v . , amsterdam ) . please mention : """" bestelling ascld 6 """" . ascld 6 can be ordered from abroad in the following ways . please make sure you choose the right mode of payment and mention : """" ascld 6 """" . ( a ) [ all customers : ] send an international money order to the amount of dfl 15 . 00 to : vakgroep algemene taalwetenschap , uni - versiteit van amsterdam , spuistraat 210 , 1012 vt amsterdam , the netherlands . or : ( b ) [ all customers : ] you can also pay by american express card or visa - card . send us your creditcard number and the expiring date . ( c ) [ european customers : ] if you have a postal account ( europe ) , transfer dfl 15 . 00 to ( postal ) account no . 5032250 of : vakgroep algemene taalwetenschap etc . ( see ( a ) ) ( postbank n . v . , amsterdam , the netherlands ) . ( d ) [ european customers : ] send an euro cheque written out in dutch guilders ( amount : dfl 15 . 00 ) to vakgroep algemene taalweten - schap , spuistraat 210 , 1012 vt amsterdam . attention : due to extra bank charges other cheques or money orders cannot be accepted . please specify the required item . linguistics dept . / university of amsterdam / spuistraat 210 / 1012 vt amsterdam / the netherlands phone : + 31-20 - 5253864 fax : + 31-20 - 5253021 e-mail : atw @ let . uva . nl if you have any problems concerning your order of ascld 6 , please do not hesitate to contact the series editors at : ascld @ let . uva . nl [ or : ] ascld @ hum . uva . nl = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = ! ! ! ! ! ! attention ! new e-mail address : frank . wijnen @ let . uu . nl . ! ! ! ! ! ! please update your address books + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | fra n k wijnen | | utrecht institute of linguistics ots | | trans 10 , 3512 jk utrecht , netherlands | | tel + 31 30 253 6334 fax + 31 30 253 6000 | | http : / / www-uilots . let . uu . nl / ~ frank . wijnen / | + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
 "",0
 2488,""Subject: new books in syntax & morphology
  
  syntax & morphology spontaneous spoken language : syntax and discourse jim miller , university of edinburgh , and regina weinert , university of sheffield the authors examine the types of clauses used by people when they are speaking off the cuff . they also analyze the devices speakers use when organizing larger chunks of language , such as conversations . using data from english , german , and russian , they develop a systematic analysis of spoken english and highlight cross-language properties . they argue that there are major and systematic differences between spoken and written language , and conclude by exploring the implications of their findings for typology , first-language acquisition , and education . may 1998 472 pp . ; 1 linecut 0-19 - 823656 - 5 $ 115 . 00 oxford university press coordination janne bondi johannessen , university of oslo ( oxford studies in comparative syntax ) johannessen focuses on coordination , i . e . structures with conjunctions such as and , but , and or . these are important words in their constructions because they have many properties in common with categories like verbs and prepositions . she has analyzed thirty-three languages and has found many striking similarities , presenting the first study of coordination from a cross-linguistic perspective . her theory of syntactic coordination aims to be general and universal , and is broadly compatible with chomsky 's minimalist framework . june 1998 304 pp . 0-19 - 823772 - 3 paper $ 35 . 00 0-19 - 823709 - x cloth $ 85 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford university press : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
 "",0
 2489,""Subject: new books in phonetics & phonology
  
  phonetics & phonology the phonology of armenian bert vaux , harvard university ( the phonology of the world 's languages ) this study presents the first contemporary linguistic treatment of armenian , an indo - european language whose distinct dialects range geographically from poland to india . the book documents a rich linguistic ( and literary ) history dating from the fourth-century translation of the bible into classical armenian . data are drawn from classical , middle , and standard eastern and western armenian , and from the author 's fieldwork on non-standard dialects . june 1998 296 pp . ; 105 linecuts , 1 map 0-19 - 823661 - 1 $ 105 . 00 oxford university press understanding phonology carlos gussenhoven , university of nijmegen , the netherlands , and haike jacobs , free university of amsterdam , the netherlands ( understanding language ) ( an arnold publication ) """" this book gives a clear and accurate picture of current phonological theory in a small number of pages . """" - - john goldsmith , university of chicago this text provides a broad yet up-to - date introduction to phonology . assuming no previous knowledge of phonology or linguistic theory , the authors introduce the basic concepts and build on these progressively , discussing the main theories and illustrating key points with carefully chosen examples . the book covers a wide range of phenomena , including speech production , segmental contrasts , tone , quantity , prosodic structure , metrical relations , and intonation , as well as such key theories as feature geometry and optimality theory . june 1998 304 pp . ; 2 linecuts 0-340 - 69218 - 9 paper $ 19 . 95 0-340 - 69217 - 0 cloth $ 75 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford university press : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
 "",0
 2490,""Subject: new books in sociolinguistics & anthropological linguistics
  
  sociolinguistics & anthropological linguistics the sociolinguistics reader volume 1 : multilingualism and variation edited by peter trudgill , university of lausanne , switzerland , and jenny cheshire , queen mary and westfield college , university of london ( arnold linguistics readers ) ( an arnold publication ) this two-volume text presents a state-of - the-art account of the discipline in the closing years of the twentieth century . the books chart the liveliest areas in contemporary sociolinguistics : variation , multilingualism , gender , and discourse and include helpful introductions and other aids to the student and specialist . volume 1 explores the macro-social aspects of sociolinguistics , covering cross-cultural communication problems , the linguistic behavior of bilingual speakers , language contact , the social psychology of language , variation , and the mystery of linguistic change . may 1998 296 pp . ; 37 linecuts 0-340 - 65206 - 3 paper $ 19 . 95 0-340 - 65207 - 1 cloth $ 75 . 00 oxford university press the sociolinguistics reader volume 2 : gender and discourse edited by jenny cheshire , queen mary and westfield college , university of london , and peter trudgill , university of lausanne , switzerland ( arnold linguistics readers ) ( an arnold publication ) volume 2 of this two-volume text looks first at patterns of language variation , how gender identities are accomplished through language , and the importance of gender in accounting for language behavior . it goes on to examine sociolinguistic issues surrounding discourse , with reference to the communication of affective meaning , conversational routines , grammaticalization and language change , intertextuality , and cross-cultural discourse patterns and their social implications . may 1998 416 pp . ; 23 linecuts 0-340 - 69999 - x paper $ 19 . 95 0-340 - 69182 - 4 cloth $ 85 . 00 oxford university press claiming power in doctor-patient talk nancy ainsworth - vaughn , michigan state university ( oxford studies in sociolinguistics ) nancy ainsworth - vaughn studied stories , topic control , """" true """" questions , and rhetorical questions in 101 medical encounters in us private-practice settings . in exceptionally lucid and accessible style , ainsworth - vaughn explains how power was claimed by and co-constructed for both patients and doctors ( previous studies have focused upon doctors ' power ) . the discourse varied along a continuum from interview-like talk to conversational talk . six chapters are organized around data and include extended examples of actual talk in detailed transcription ; four of these data-oriented chapters focus upon dynamic , moment-to - moment use of speech activities in emerging discourse , such as doctors ' and patients ' stories that co-constructed selves , and a patient 's sexual rhetorical questions . two more chapters offer non-statistical quantitative data on the frequency of questioning and sudden topic changes in relation to gender , diagnosis , and other factors . contributing to discourse theory , ainsworth - vaughn significantly modifies previous definitions for topic transitions and rhetorical questions and discovers the role of storytelling in diagnosis . the final chapter provides implications for physicians and medical educators . june 1998 224 pp . ; 3 halftones 0-19 - 509607 - x paper $ 19 . 95 0-19 - 509606 - 1 cloth $ 45 . 00 oxford university press language ideologies : practice and theory edited by bambi b . schieffelin , new york university , kathryn a . woolard , university of california , san diego , and paul v . kroskrity , university of california , los angeles ( oxford studies in anthropological linguistics 16 ) """" language ideologies """" are cultural representations , whether explicit or implicit , of the intersection of language and human beings in a social world . mediating between social structures and forms of talk , such ideologies are not only about language . rather , they link language to identity , power , aesthetics , morality and epistemology . through such linkages , language ideologies underpin not only linguistic form and use , but also significant social institutions and fundamental notions of person and community . the essays in this new book examine definitions and conceptions of language in a wide range of societies around the world . contributors focus on how such defining activity organizes language use as well as institutions such as religious ritual , gender relations , the nation-state , schooling , and law . this timely volume will be the first collection of work to appear in this rapidly growing field , which effectively bridges linguistic and social theory . may 1998 352 pp . ; 4 linecuts 0-19 - 510562 - 1 paper $ 35 . 00 0-19 - 510561 - 3 cloth $ 75 . 00 oxford university press oral traditions of anuta : a polynesian outlier in the solomon islands richard feinberg , kent state university ( oxford studies in anthropological linguistics 15 ) anuta is a small polynesian community in the eastern solomon islands that has had minimal contact with outside cultural forces . even at the end of the twentieth century , it remains one of the most traditional and isolated islands in the insular pacific . in oral traditions of anuta , richard feinberg offers a telling collection of anutan historical narratives , including indigenous texts and english translations . this rich , thorough assemblage is the result of a collaborative project between feinberg and a large cross-section of the anutan community that developed over a period of twenty-five years . the volume 's emphasis is ethnographic , consisting of a number of texts as related by the island 's most respected experts in matters of traditional history . feinberg 's annotations , which arm the reader with essential ethnographic and historical contexts , clarify important linguistic and cultural issues that arise from the stories . the texts themselves have important implications for the relationship of oral tradition to history and symbolic structures , and afford new evidence pertinent to polynesian language sub-grouping . further , they provide insight into a number of anutan customs and preoccupations , while also suggesting certain widespread polynesian practices dating back to the pre-contact and early contact periods . may 1998 304 pp . ; 5 linecuts 0-19 - 510683 - 0 $ 85 . 00 oxford university press language obsolescence and revitalization : linguistic change in two sociolinguistically contrasting welsh communities mari c . jones , university of cambridge ( oxford studies in language contact ) mari c . jones 's book is the first to examine developments in contemporary welsh with reference to both language death and standardization . she bases her study on extensive fieldwork in two sociolinguistically contrasting communities she also examines agents of revitalization , such as immersion schools and the media , and the effect they are having on welsh . she explores and discusses the position of breton and cornish by way of comparison . june 1998 464 pp . ; 110 maps and linecuts 0-19 - 823711 - 1 $ 135 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford university press : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
 "",0
 2491,""Subject: confs : scil 10 - linguistics in cognitive science
  
  scil-10 june 6 & 7 northwestern university annenberg hall 10th annual student conference in linguistics """" linguistics in cognitive science """" june 6 and 7 , annenberg hall , northwestern university . registration information at http : / / www . ling . nwu . edu / ~ scil / send questions to scil @ ling . nwu . edu schedule : saturday , june 6 semantics session sat 9 : 00 jya - lin hwang university of hawaii , manoa on chinese resultative verb compounds : a lexical subordination approach sat 9 : 30 anna goy universita ' di torino ( italy ) lexical semantics of emotional adjectives sat 10 : 00 masaaki fuji rutgers university a stage - level e - type pronoun in japanese - - - - - - - break syntax session a sat 11 . 00 keiko murumatsu university of maryland the count / mass distinction and the ordering of adjectives sat 11 : 30 kleanthes k . grohmann university of maryland syntactic inquiries into discourse restrictions on multiple interrogatives sat 12 : 00 ralph c . blight university of texas at austin vp ellipsis , predicate fronting , and verb positions in english - - - - - - - lunch break psycholinguistics session sat 2 : 00 barbara j . luka university of chicago judgment fatigue : when metacognition and linguistic data crash and burn sat 2 : 30 julie hilliard university of kansas the perception of lexical stress in auditory word recognition sat 3 : 00 john grinstead ucla jeffrey macswan ucla susan curtis ucla rochel gelman ucla the independence of language and number sat 3 : 30 aida martinovic - zic university of wisconsin at milwaukee jelena jovanovic university of california at berkeley conceptualization of motion and language - specific constraints in first language acquisition - - - - - - break sat 4 : 30 - 6 : 00 keynote address lila gleitman university of pennsylvania more surprises about word learning : the human simulation paradigm - - - - - - - dinner break sat 8 : 00 scil party omni orrington hotel ( until midnight ) sunday , june 7 syntax session b sun 9 : 00 masao ochi university of connecticut multiple spell - out , pf merger and adjunction sun 9 : 30 satoshi oku university of connecticut english genitive """" pronouns """" as isomorphs of anaphor and pronominal sun 10 : 00 mika kizu mcgill university resumptive a ' - dependencies in cleft constructions - - - - - break language acquisition and discourse analysis session sun 11 : 00 vaijayanthi sarma mit acquisition of condition a and agreement : the developmental syntax of tamil sun 11 : 30 hikyoung lee university of pennsylvania the production and perception of discourse marker use in korean americans sun 12 : 00 laurel stvan northwestern university how about it ? the influence of accent and context in determining discourse function - - - - lunch break phonology session sun 2 : 00 caroline jones university of massachusetts , amherst licit vs . illicit responses in meinhof 's rule phenomena sun 2 : 30 walcir cardoso mcgill university resolving hiatus in picard : an optimality account sun 3 : 00 tao - yuan li university of minnesota effects of phonetic duration and phonological complexity on short - term memory
 "",0
 2492,""Subject: tag + workshop registration and accommodations
  
  registration and accommodation information for the tag + workshop ( aug . 1 - 3 ) and tutorials ( july 28-31 ) to be held at the institute for research in cognitive science in philadelphia , pa is now available on the web at : http : / / www . cis . upenn . edu / ~ ircs / mol / tag98 . html . for your convenience in registering , the registration form is also included at the end of this message . best regards , jennifer macdougall tag + workshop assistant - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration form for tag + 1998 workshop and tutorials name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mailing address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ citizenship : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ if you are a non - us participant , what kind of visa have you obtained to come here ? b - 1 visa ( tourist business ) _ _ _ _ _ b - 2 visa ( tourist pleasure ) _ _ _ _ _ j - 1 visa _ _ _ _ _ f - 1 visa _ _ _ _ _ other ( please specify ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ will you be attending : workshop ( aug . 1st - 3rd ) _ _ _ _ tutorials ( july 28th - 31st ) _ _ _ _ both _ _ _ _ are you a student ? yes _ _ _ _ _ no _ _ _ _ _ are you receiving a stipend ? yes _ _ _ _ no _ _ _ _ do you need dorm housing ? yes _ _ _ _ no _ _ _ _ _ for how many nights ? _ _ _ _ please send or fax your completed registration forms to : jennifer macdougall institute for research in cognitive science suite 400a , 3401 walnut street philadelphia , pa 19104-6228 + 1-215 - 573-9247
 "",0
 2493,""Subject: bisca-98
  
  bisca-98 - bolzano international school in cognitive analysis unfolding perceptual continua > from ecology of perception to cognition recent problems raised by artificial intelligence and cognitive sciences such as the perception of forms , the recognition of natural languages , the problems of common sense , naive physics , and consequently the need for direct and non-propositional reference to the objects of experience ( as cited , for example by scientists working in robotics ) have opened new areas of inquiry for psychophysics . bisca-98 will analyze the morphogenesis of the perceptive fields of vision , sound and touch , starting from the microstructure of intuitive continua , and therefore from a semiology of primitives as boundaries , points , angles , blobs , pointers , denotators , local signs , etc . the lectures , which from a general point of view will adopt an ecological perspective on perception , will proceed along the parallel tracks of psychophysical experimental research and the conceptual development of a theory of the intentionality of consciousness speakers of bisca 1998 are : liliana albertazzi , the experimental phenomenology standpoint jan j . koenderinck , multiply extended continua in vision guerino mazzola , grouping paradigms in music ruggero pierantoni , sensory perception : touch and cognition general information : 1 . attendance to the school will be limited to about 30 participants . 2 . a hotel list will be sent upon notification of acceptance . hotel costs in bolzano range between 70 , 000 and 250 , 000 italian liras per day , full board . 3 . each speaker will give 4 lectures , with ample time for discussion . 4 . all lectures will be in english . 5 . a small number of boursaries are available to qualified students to meet the costs of participation . for more information write to liliana albertazzi : alberta @ risc1 . gelso . unitn . it and see the imc web site : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / imc / imc . htm * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * roberto poli department of sociology and social research 26 , verdi street 38100 trento - - italy tel . + + 39-461 - 881-403 fax : + + 39-461 - 881-348 e-mail : poli @ risc1 . gelso . unitn . it axiomathes : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / axiomathes / axiomathes . htm imc : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / imc / imc . htm
 "",0
 2494,""Subject: wholes and their parts
  
  wholes and their parts castel maretsch , 17-19 june 1998 , bolzano ( italy ) june 17 9 registration 10 bill lawvere , categorical analyses of the whole / part relation 11 : 30 coffee break 12 john bell , whole and part in mathematics 13-15 lunch 15 steve vickers , w / p in semantics for programming languages 16 coffee break 16 : 30 colin mclarty , w / p in foundations of mathematics 17 : 30 carlo cellucci , w / p in logical analysis june 18 9 gonzalo reyes , a category-theoretic approach to aristotle 's term logic , with special reference to mass nouns 10 ettore casari , on husserl 's theory of wholes and parts 11 coffee break 11 : 30 john mayberry , the classical notion of number and the modern notion of set 12 : 30-15 lunch 15 niles eldredge , hierarchical biological systems 16 coffee break 16 : 30 alberto peruzzi , wholes and their parts in semantics and epistemology : local / global and internal / external 17 : 30 roberto poli , wholes and their parts : the ontological stance june 19 9 basil hiley , w / p in mechanics and cosmology 10 ron langacker , wholes and their parts in natural language 11 coffee break 11 : 30 alf zimmer , w / p in gestalt psychology 12 : 30-15 lunch 15 ellis d . cooper , wholes and parts in quale mechanics 15 : 20 , holger schmid - schnbein , in resonant physiological systems , the whole is less complicated than the sum of its parts 15 : 40 irina dobronravova , parts and elements of the wholes in synergetics 16 coffee break 16 : 30 nili mandelblit , the notion of dynamic unit : conceptual developments in cognitive science 16 : 50 anthony atkinson , wholes and their parts in cognitive psychology 17 : 10 lawrence d . roberts , sentential meaning and its parts 17 , 30 frederik stjernfeld , mereology and semiotics 17 , 50 ariel meirav , plato 's theaetetus and the notion of a gestalt further information and abstracts of ( some of ) the talks are available at the imc web site : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / imc / imc . htm * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * roberto poli department of sociology and social research 26 , verdi street 38100 trento - - italy tel . + + 39-461 - 881-403 fax : + + 39-461 - 881-348 e-mail : poli @ risc1 . gelso . unitn . it axiomathes : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / axiomathes / axiomathes . htm imc : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / imc / imc . htm
 "",0
 2495,""Subject: amta ' 98
  
  * * deadline postponed * * deadline postponed * * deadline postponed * * - - - call for submissions - - - association for machine translation in the americas amta-98 conference , langhorne , pa , october 28-31 , 1998 machine translation and the information soup ( mt in a growing field of language technologies ) the association for machine translation in the americas is pleased to convene its third conference in the biennial series , to be held at the sheraton bucks county hotel in langhorne , pa , on 28-31 october , with tutorials and welcoming reception on wednesday , october 28 , and pre-conference workshops scheduled for tuesday october 27th . following on the success of last year 's mt summit , which commemorated the 50th anniversary of machine translation , amta invites all who are interested in any aspect of machine translation - - developers , researchers , users , and watchers - - to attend the conference in october . at amta-98 we will focus on the multilingual aspects of the diverse language technologies being used increasingly on the web : information retrieval , text summarization , speech recognition , and so on . as usual , the conference will feature invited speakers , panel discussions , papers by researchers and developers , workshops , tutorials , and more . participation by members of amta 's sister organizations , aamt in asia and eamt in europe , is strongly encouraged . and people working in related areas , such as information retrieval and summarization , are very welcome to attend . more information about the conference can be found at http : / / www . isi . edu / natural-language / amta98 . html registration form a copy of the amta-98 registration form will soon be posted on the web at : http : / / www . isi . edu / natural-language / amta98 . html alternatively , please contact debbie becker association for machine translation in the americas 1201 pennsylvania avenue , n . w . , suite 300 washington , dc 20004 usa tel / fax : + 1-703 - 716-0912 email : amta @ clark . net conference organizers general chair : eduard hovy , usc information sciences institute program chairs : david farwell , crl , new mexico state university laurie gerber , systran software , inc . ( san diego ) local arrangements chair : martha palmer , university of pennsylvania amta-98 : paper and system description / demonstration submissions . authors / system developers are invited to submit three kinds of presentations : 1 . theoretical papers : unpublished papers are requested about original work on all aspects of machine translation . however , given the theme of this year 's conference , special consideration will be given to papers which address advances in multilingual language and information technologies which have a potential impact on machine translation . papers should be in english , not longer than 10 pages , with minimum character font size of 11 pt . 2 . system descriptions with optional system demonstrations : approx . 25 minutes will be allocated per system description / demo . submissions should be in english , not longer than 4 pages . if a system demonstration is included , please provide the following information : - hardware platform , - operating system , - name and contact information of system operations specialist . 3 . studies of users experiences with implementing mt or testing its applicability to some task . users and marketing consultants are especially welcome to submit . studies should be in english , not longer than 8 pages , with minimum character font size of 11 pt . first page : all types of submission should include a separate title page with the following information : - paper title , - author ( s ) ' name ( s ) , address ( es ) , telephone and fax numbers , email address ( es ) , - one-paragraph abstract , - for theoretical papers : subject area keyword ( s ) for user studies : the words """" user study """" for system descriptions / demos : the words """" system description / demo """" . submissions are due at address below on june 15 , 1998 . * new deadline * authors will be notified of acceptance on july 15 , 1998 . final copies of papers are due on august 31 , 1998 . softcopy submissions ( papers that do not print will be returned to the author ) : email address : david @ crl . nmsu . edu subject line : amta-98 submission paper encoding : - ascii plain text - microsoft word ( rtf format ) - postscript hardcopy submissions ( please send four ( 4 ) copies ) : amta-98 : david farwell computing research laboratory box 30001 / 3crl new mexico state university las cruces , nm 88003 usa
 "",0
 2496,""Subject: aaal - - colloquium on translation
  
  a colloquium on translation is being proposed to the american association for applied linguistics ( aaal ) . if approved , it will be presented at its annual conference held from march 6 to march 9 , 1999 in stamford , connecticut , u . s . a . the theme and content of the colloquium have not been pre-determined . contributors ' papers and ideas contained in them will set its topic and define its central thought . the aim is to put together a set of about five quality works which complement each other , forming a coherent whole . it is an open-minded approach with no preference for particular languages or sub-fields . the organizer intends to be the discussant . if you would like to participate , please provide the materials listed below . kindly note that only traditional paper copy is acceptable to aaal . hence do not submit anything via facsimile or e - mail . please be sure that the print is sharp and dark , since photocopying will be necessary . as aaal allows only one submission per person , if you choose to be considered for this colloquium you should not be submitting a separate paper to aaal , directly or indirectly . ( 1 ) an abstract which is titled , typed , and no more than 300 words in length . if references are necessary , incorporate them into the text of the abstract ; do not attach a separate list of works cited . in the top left-hand corner list the author 's name , address , telephone number , facsimile number ( if available ) , e-mail address ( if available ) , and institutional affiliation . fit everything on one single page ; leave the reverse side blank . the organizer will prepare the anonymous copy aaal requires . ( 2 ) a sheet on which appears the author 's name , title of paper , and specification of twenty , twenty-five , or thirty minutes as the delivery time desired . be prepared to stay within that stated time limit during the presentation . if a slide projector , tv monitor , vcr , audio player , or over-head projector is needed , please so state on this sheet as well . note , however , that there is an estimated charge of us $ 35 for the first item , and us $ 70 for the second and third items ; the last two items require no fee . individual presenters will be billed for the charges after the conference . ( 3 ) if no e-mail address is given , or if acknowledgement is not to be sent via e-mail , supply an addressed envelope or mailing label so that you could be informed of the receipt of your packet . the deadline for receipt of the above materials by the colloquium 's organizer is july 31 , 1998 . authors will be notified of selection results around august 20 . those abstracts selected will be submitted as a group proposal to aaal for blind evaluation . once their decision is received - - most likely in november - - it will be relayed to the authors . if aaal accepts the proposal , authors are required to submit drafts of their papers to the discussant by february 15 , 1999 . a fifty-word summary will also be necessary for inclusion in the conference programme . send listed items to : helen chau hu , department of english , california state university , long beach , california 90840-2403 , u . s . a . [ telephone : 562-985 - 4229 ; e-mail : hchauhu @ csulb . edu . ] presenters must register for the conference . the registration fee and membership dues will total about us $ 160 . to make enquiries regarding aaal , please contact them directly at : p . o . box 21686 , eagan , minnesota 55121-0686 , u . s . a . their web site is at : http : / / igor . lis . wisc . edu / aaal . helen chau hu assistant professor department of english california state university long beach , california 90840 voice mail : 562-985 - 4229
 "",0
 2497,""Subject: adcs ' 98
  
  the following is a one day intensive symposium preceeding sigir ' 98 . it will have involvement from academic and commercial presenters and it offers an unusual range of different presentation styles . call for papers third australian document computing symposium ( adcs ' 98 ) august 21 1998 university of sydney , sydney , australia http : / / www . cmis . csiro . au / conferences-seminars / adcs98 / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - important dates scope - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - submission of papers : adcs ' 98 is an opportunity for june 19 , 1998 researchers and practitioners in document management and information retrieval to meet and present their submission of posters : work . the symposium aims to cover all june 26 , 1998 aspects of document computing - issues ranging from the fundamentals of document architectures and submission of standards for markup , through demonstrations : storage , management , retrieval , june 26 , 1998 authentication and workflow , to active and virtual documents . notification of acceptance : july 19 , 1998 allette systems , csiro mathematical and information sciences and the university of sydney are pleased to final versions due : host the third australian document july 31 , 1998 computing symposium , to be held at the department of computer science , the university of sydney , immediately symposium : preceding the 21st international acm august 21 , 1998 sigir conference on research and development in information retrieval ( sigir ' 98 ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - topics of interest - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - these include ( but are not restricted to ) : * resource discovery * document workflow * document databases * document management * document architectures * standards for markup * innovative applications of xml * multimedia * hypermedia * adaptive hypertext * virtual documents * digital libraries - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - submissions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - there are four categories of submissions : long papers : maximum length 3000 words . short papers : maximum length 1500 words . posters : maximum length 1000 words . demonstrations : abstract only required . submitted papers / posters must be in english , should be available as html documents . papers / posters must include the author 's name , affiliation and e-mail address , a 200 word abstract , and keywords preferably from the above list identifying the paper 's area . submissions and queries should be mailed to either program committee chair : judy kay maria milosavljevic basser dept of computer science csiro-mis , madsen f09 intelligent interactive technology university of sydney locked bag 17 , north - ryde nsw australia 2006 australia 2113 ph : + 61 - 2-9351 - 4502 ph : + 61 2 9325 3100 fax : + 61 - 2-9351 - 3838 fax : + 61 2 9325 3200 www . cs . usyd . edu . au / ~ judy www . cmis . csiro . au / maria . milosavljevic /
 "",0
 2498,""Subject: 9th intl congress of linguists
  
  istituto di glottologia universit degli studi via festa del perdono 7 , 20122 milano ix international congress of linguists milan , 8-10 october 1998 milan , april 1998 s e c o n d c i r c u l a r dear colleague , on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of its foundation and of the centenary of vitt pisani 's birth , the """" sodalizio glottologico milanese """" , with the support of the """" istituto lombardo accademia di scienze e lettere """" , and of the catholic and the state universities of milan is organizing the 9th international congress of linguists which will take place on october 8th , 9th , 10th , 1998 . we remind you that the topic is : 50 years of linguistic researches : its problems , results , and prospects for the third millenium . there will be 5 official reports and some other shorter speeches . meetings will take place at the state university - via festa del perdono 7 , at the """" istituto lombardo """" - via borgonuovo 25 , and at the c atholic university - largo gemelli 1 , according to the following schedule : october 8th 1998 , 9 . 00 a . m . , state university - room 211 g . bolognesi , opening of activities , welcome message , and introductive speech . e . coseriu , la linguistica europea dopo saussure discussion communications room 211 and room 113 october 8th , 1998 , 15 p . m . , state university - room 211 r . arena , titolo da definire discussion communications room 211 and room 113 october 9th , 1998 , 9 . 00 a . m . , istituto lombardo r . gusmani , recenti progressi nel campo delle lingue anatoliche del i millennio a . c . discussion communications october 9th , 1998 , 15 p . m . , istituto lombardo c . hannick , systeme et fonction du slavon ecclesiastique comme langue crite supranationale au moyen age et dans les temps modernes . discussion communications october 10th , 1998 , 9 . 00 a . m . , catholic university , room pio xi p . ramat , nuovi approcci metodologici ? discussion communications room pio xi and room san paolo close of the congress the application fee of l . 100 . 000 , refundable as susbsistance money , can be paid either at the opening of the congress or into the postal account n . 11507209 invoiced to dr . roberto giacomelli . here enclosed you will find a list of hotels and hostels for your accomodation and some useful information . best regards . yours sincerely the president giancarlo bolognesi % ud
 "",0
 2499,""Subject: call for papers - pragma99
  
  call for papers pragma99 international pragmatics conference on pragmatics and negotiation june 13-16 , 1999 tel aviv university and hebrew university of jerusalem tel aviv and jerusalem israel the main theme of this conference is the pragmatics of negotiation , interpreted in a very broad sense . interlocutors engage in negotiations about every aspect of their interaction - such as floor access and topic selection , contextual assumptions , conversational goals , and the ( mis ) interpretation and repair of their messages . topics such as cross-cultural and cross-gender ( mis ) communications , conversational procedures in disputes and collaborations , argumentation practices , and effects of assumptions and goals on the negotiating strategies of interlocutors are of special interest for this conference . the conference will be interdisciplinary , bringing together pragmaticists , linguists , philosophers , anthropologists , sociologists and political scientists . we are soliciting papers on all issues relevant to the theme of the conference , as well as papers in other areas of pragmatics and dialogue analysis . the conference will include plenary addresses , regular session lectures , and organized panels around any of the relevant topics . among the plenary speakers : elinor ochs ( ucla ) , itamar rabinovitch ( tel aviv university ) , emanual schegloff ( ucla ) , thomas schelling ( university of maryland ) , deborah schiffrin ( georgetown university ) , deborah tannen ( georgetown university ) , ruth wodak ( university of vienna ) . presentation of regular session lectures is 30 minutes long , with a subsequent discussion of 10 minutes . panels take the form of a series of closely related lectures on a specific topic , which may or may not be directly related to the special topic of the conference . they may consist of one , two or three units of 120 minutes . within each panel unit a maximum of four 20 - minute presentations are given consecutively , followed by a minimum of 30 minutes of discussion ( either devoted entirely to an open discussion , or taken up in part by comments by a discussant or discussants ) . panels are composed of contributions attracted by panel organizers , combined with individually submitted papers when judged appropriate by the program committee in consultation with the panel organizers . typically , written versions or extensive outlines of all panel contributions should be available before the conference to facilitate discussion . submissions abstracts for papers and panels should be submitted in the following format : 1 . for papers - five copies of an anonymous abstract ( up to 300 words ) . 2 . for panels - a preliminary proposal of one page , detailing title , area of interest , name of organizer ( s ) and invited participants to be sent by august 1 , 1998 . organizers of approved panels will then be invited to submit a full set of abstracts , including : a . a brief description of the topic area , b . a list of participants ( with full details , see below ) , c . abstracts by each of the participants by november 1 , 1998 . 3 . in all cases , a page stating : a . title , b . audiovisual / computer request , and c . for each author : i . full name and affiliation ; ii . current address ; iii . e - mail address ; iv . fax number . deadline for submission of abstracts : nov . 1 , 1998 . abstracts may be sent by hard copy , disk , or e-mail to pragma99 , faculty of humanities , tel aviv university , tel aviv 69978 , israel . e - mail : pragma99 @ post . tau . ac . il date of notification : march 1 , 1999 . program committee : mira ariel , hava bat - zeev shyldkrot , jonathan berg , anat biletzki , shoshana blum - kulka , marcelo dascal , nomi erteschik - shir , tamar katriel , ruth manor , george - elia sarfati , elda weizman , yael ziv . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = pragma99 registration form please send the following information , accompanied by cheque payable to tel - aviv university in the amount of us $ 75 if paid before november 1 , 1998 , otherwise us $ 100 , to pragma99 faculty of humanities tel aviv university tel aviv 69978 , israel dr . / mr . / mrs . / ms . / name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ university / organization : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( home ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( office ) telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( home ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( office ) signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ those wishing to pay by credit card should provide the following information : type of credit card : mastercard / visa / american express name as it appears on credit card : sum of paymnt : us $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card no . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * * * * * * those wishing to present a paper should follow the instructions above . hotel information will be provided after registration . the international association for dialogue analysis is co-sponsoring a part of our conference , which will be devoted to """" negotiation as a dialogic concept . """" for further information , contact edda weigand ( e-mail : weigand @ uni-muenster . de ) . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = [ forms can also be returned by fax to 972 - 3-6407839 , or by e-mail to pragma99 @ post . tau . ac . il . ]
 "",0
 2500,""Subject: germanic and romance modals
  
  second call for papers international conference of the linguistic society of belgium modal verbs in germanic and romance languages 11 - 12 december 1998 university of antwerp - uia ( campus wilrijk ) organizers : patrick dendale ( universities of metz and antwerp ) and johan van der auwera ( university of antwerp ) send a one-page abstract to : patrick dendale university of antwerp ( uia ) romaanse universiteitsplein 1 b - 2610 wilrijk belgium deadline : august 15 , 1998 for further information contact patrick dendale johan van der auwera tel + 32 ( 0 ) 3 820 . 28 . 13 tel + 32 ( 0 ) 3 820 . 27 . 76 fax + 32 ( 0 ) 3 820 . 28 . 23 fax + 32 ( 0 ) 3 820 . 27 . 62 pdendale @ uia . ua . ac . be auwera @ uia . ua . ac . be or consult the conference 's homepage http : / / rom-www . uia . ac . be / u / pdendale / colleng . html
 "",0
 2501,""Subject: our knowledge of human language : current perspectives
  
  nuestro conocimiento del lenguaje humano : perspectivas actuales our knowledge of human language : current perspectives chomsky , noam ( 1998 ) : nuestro conocimiento del lenguaje humano : perspectivas actuales . our knowledge of human language : current perspectives . a spanish / english bilingual edition by sally barros and emilio rivano . spanish translation and notes by german westphal . isbn 956-7003 - 46 - 7 ediciones universidad de concepcion & bravo y allende editores , santiago , chile , 1998 . the book is based on the lecture noam chomsky gave at the universidad de concepcion , chile , in november of 1996 , and it includes his remarks and comments during the follow-up discussion . for further information , contact : emilio rivano programa de doctorado en linguistica universidad de concepcion casilla 82 - c , correo 3 concepcion , chile fax : ( 56 ) 41 25 91 08 erivano @ udec . cl * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dr . german f . westphal * office : no summer office hours * * modern languages & linguistics * tel : 410-455 - 2109 * * 134 academic building iv , b wing * fax : 410-455 - 1025 * * university of maryland * pager : 410-389 - 6049 * * baltimore county , md 21250 , u . s . a . * e - mail : < westphal @ umbc . edu > * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * webpage w / scholarship , art work , short stories & poetry http : / / research . umbc . edu / ~ westphal
 "",0
 2502,""Subject: a theory of predicates
  
  a theory of predicates ackerman , farrell ( university of california , san diego ) and webelhuth , gert ( university of north carolina , chapel hill ) ; a theory of predicates ; isbn : 1-57586 - 087 - 2 ( cloth ) , 1-57586 - 086 - 4 ( paper ) ; 402 pp . csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu in this work two linguists from different theoretical paradigms develop a new general theory of natural language predicates . this theory is capable of addressing a broad range of issues concerning ( complex ) predicates , many of which remain unresolved in previous theoretical proposals . grounded in empirical evidence from a wide variety of genetically and geographically unrelated languages ( german , hungarian , fox , nenets , tzotzil , malayalam , among others ) , this new theory synthesizes conceptual and representational assumptions from several different theoretical traditions . the authors focus on cross-linguistically recurring patterns of predicate formation where identical contentive notions ( i . e . , lexical semantic , grammatical function , and morphosyntactic information ) are expressed by predicates consisting of a single morphological word or by combinations of independent words that need not form a single syntactic unit . they provide a detailed implementation of their theory for german tense-aspect , passive , causative , and verb-particle predicates . in addition , the authors discuss extensions of these representative analyses to the same predicate constructions in other languages . beyond providing a formalism for the analysis of language-particular predicates , they demonstrate how the basic theoretical mechanisms they develop can be employed to explain universal tendencies of predicate formation . for this purpose , ackerman and webelhuth introduce the construct ` grammatical archetype ' into linguistic theory , relating universal patterns of predicate formation to language-particular patterns in a principled fashion . this book will be of interest to linguists and grammarians from any generative , cognitive / functional , or traditional perspective . in addition , it is accessible to interested philosophers , psycholinguists , cognitive scientists , computational linguists , anthropological linguists , and philologists . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications
 "",0
 2503,""Subject: diachronica xv : 1
  
  the spring 1998 issue of diachronica , vol . 15 , no . 1 , has just been published . it contains : _ articles _ michel ferlus , les syste ` mes de tons dans les langues viet-muong martin haspelmath , the semantic development of old presents : new futures and subjunctives without grammaticalization tomas riad , the origin of scandinavian tone accents donald winford , on the origins of african american vernacular english : a creolist perspective , part ii : linguistic features _ reviews _ gary bevington , where do words comes from ? an introduction to etymology . rev . by rex wallace jose ' del valle , el trueque s / x en el espan ~ ol antiguo . rev . by dieter wanner gereon franken , systematische etymologie : untersuchung einer ' mischsprache ' am beispiel des shakespeare - wortschatzes . rev . by terence odlin andreas jucker , historical pragmatics . rev . by nick nicholas christian lehmann , thoughts on grammaticalization . rev . by bernard comrie . _ miscellenea _ j . c . smith , report on the 13th international conference on historical linguistics saul levin , reply to bomhard 's review of levin ( 1996 ) _ publications received _ for subscription information , contact john benjamins publishers at < customer . services @ benjamins . nl > ; for submission information , contact konrad koerner < koerner @ uottawa . ca > or brian joseph < bjoseph @ ling . ohio-state . edu >
 "",0
 2504,""Subject: maryland working papers in linguistics
  
  the university of maryland linguistics department proudly presents : university of maryland working papers in linguistics volume 6 : papers in syntax , the syntax - semantics interface , language acquisition and psycholinguistcs . volume 7 : papers in phonology * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * volume 6 editors : elixabete murguia , acrisio pires , lucia quintana - sharon armon - lotem : what to do with have and be : auxiliary verbs in child second language acquisition . - larisa avram : remarks on the english modals . - juan carlos castillo : the syntax of container - content relations . - stephen crain and rosalind thornton : the truth value judgment task : fundamentals of design . - kleanthes grohmann : speculations on the syntax and semantics of german multiple interrogatives . - norbert hornstein : adjunct control and parasitic gaps . - mari broman olsen , amy weinberg , jeffrey p . lilly and john drury : acquiring grammatical aspect via lexical aspects : the continuity hypothesis . - lucia quintana : meaningful motivation behind the syntax of reciprocals . - yi - ching su : the representation of compounds and phrases in the mental lexicon : evidence from chinese . - maria emma ticio quesada : a minimalist analysis of intensive consecutives . - juan uriagereka : a note on rigidity . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * volume 7 editors : haruka fukazawa , frida morelli , caro struijke , yi - ching su - haruka fukazawa : new evidence for sympathy theory . - linda lombardi : constraints versus representations : some questions from laryngeal phonology . - linda lombardi : evidence for max feature constraints from japanese . - itziar san martin : an ot account of the formation of definite forms in the vizcayan basque dialect of markina . - viola miglio : epenthesis and deletion in mantuan . - frida morelli : onset obstruent clusters and syllabic obstruents in lushootseed - nisqually . - bruce moren : the puzzle of kashmiri stress . - caro struijke : reduplicant and output tetu in kwakwala : a new model of correspondence . for contents of previous volumes check our website at : http : / / www . inform . umd . edu / linguistics / dept / wp . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * umdwpl order form name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ volume number : _ _ number of copies : _ _ _ @ $ 15 . - per copy $ _ _ _ _ _ _ please add postage and handling : - each volume ( us , canada , mexico $ 3 . 00 ) ( all other countries $ 6 . 00 ) $ _ _ _ _ _ _ total : $ _ _ _ _ _ _ please make your check ( drawn on a us bank ) or money order payable to ' university of maryland working papers in linguistics ' and mail your order to : university of maryland working papers / orders department of linguistics 1401 marie mount hall university of maryland college park , md 20742-7515 usa
 "",0
 2505,""Subject: chicago phonetics and phonology ( chiphon ) 98 call
  
  chiphon - - the phonetics and phonology group at the university of chicago - - provides a forum for discussing fundamental questions in spoken language research . last year , over 100 people joined us for a day-long panel on whether speech is special . this year , as part of the 34th annual meeting of the chicago linguistic society , we examine how language acquisition data should be incorporated into phonological and phonetic theory . chiphon ' 98 saturday , april 18 , chicago , illinois the acquisition of spoken language """" the ideal relationship between central and developmental portions of a field would be one in which the investigators in each . . . would construct model children who were capable of developing into adults and , conversely , model adults who could have developed from children """" ( menn , 1980 ) . * which provides a better measure of a speaker 's successful acquisition of speech - - perceiving contrasts or producing them ? how are perception & production related to linguistic competence ? * how should acquisition data be used when formulating and evaluating phononological theories of tone and stress ? what are the prosodic primitives , and are they innate or can they be bootstrapped from the signal ? * what speech processing mechanisms are responsible for second-language development ? are they the same as those for adults processing l1 or for infants acquiring it ? what does disordered phonology tell us about these mechanisms ? we invite abstracts that treat the acquisition of spoken language as integral to the development of linguistic theory . invited speakers : james flege ( university of alabama at birmingham ) peter jusczyk ( johns hopkins university ) robert port ( indiana university ) conference info like last year , this year 's symposium will provide ample opportunities for discussion with talks throughout the day , a box lunch , and an hour-long discussion at the end . other events that weekend include a panel on language acquisition and the lexicon on april 19 . * sophisticated connectionist models of language and acquisition provide an ideal framework for constructing linguistic theories that incorporate the complex interactions between sounds , symbols and meanings . * the ways in which we conceptualize the organization of morphology have different implications for first and for second language acquisition . * ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny and for mature organisms we look at lexical access convinced cognition then recapitulates ontogeny . invited speakers : joan bybee ( university of new mexico ) david pisoni ( indiana university ) terry regier ( university of chicago ) the cls conference will also host a panel on the status of constraints in linguistic theory on april 17 , with john mccarthy and jerrold sadock . papers on phonology , morphology , and syntax , among others , will be presented during the main sessions on april 17-19 , with diana archangeli and david dowty . send your 500-word abstract via email to rmhemphi @ midway . uchicago . edu by january 31 , 1998 . for further information , http : / / humanities . uchicago . edu / humanities / cls or http : / / gsbdrl . uchicago . edu / cls
 "",0
 2506,""Subject: workshop announcement
  
  call for papers distributing and accessing linguistic resources workshop immediately before the first international conference on language resources and evaluation ( lrec ) , may 27 1998 granada , spain http : / / www . icp . grenet . fr / elra / conflre . html short description : this workshop will discuss ways to increase the efficacy of linguistic resource distribution and programmatic access , and work towards the definition of a new method for these tasks based on distributed processing and object-oriented modelling with deployment on the www . organizers : yorick wilks , hamish cunningham , wim peters , remi zajac workshop scope and aims - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - in general the reuse of of nlp data resources ( such as lexicons or corpora ) has exceeded that of algorithmic resources ( such as lemmatisers or parsers ) . however , there are still two barriers to data resource reuse : 1 ) each resource has its own representation syntax and corresponding programmatic access mode ( e . g . sql for celex , c or prolog for wordnet , sgml for the bnc ) ; 2 ) resources must generally be installed locally to be usable ( and of course precisely how this happens , what operating systems are supported etc . varies from case to case ) . the consequences of 1 ) are that although resources share some structure in common ( lexicons are organised around words , for example ) this commonality is wasted when it comes to using a new resource ( the developer has to learn everything afresh each time ) and that work which seeks to investigate or exploit commonalities between resources ( e . g . to link several lexicons to an ontology ) has to first build a layer of access routines on top of each resources . so , for example , if we wish to do task-based evaluation of lexicons by measuring the relative performance of an information extraction system with different instantiations of lexical resource , we might end up writing code to translate several different resources into sql or sgml . the consequence of 2 ) is that there is no way to """" try before you buy """" : no way to examine a data resource for its suitability for your needs before licencing it . correspondingly there is no way for a resource provider to expose limitted access to their products for advertising purposes , or gain revenue through piecemeal supply of sections of a resource . this workshop will discuss ways to overcome these barriers . the proposers will discuss a new method for distributing and accessing language resources involving the development of a common programmatic model of the various resources types , implemented in corba idl and / or java , along with a distributed server for non-local access . this model is being designed as part of the gate project ( general architecture for text engineering : http : / / www . dcs . shef . ac . uk / research / groups / nlp / gate / ) and goes under the provisional title of an active creole server . ( creole : collection of reusable objects for language engineering . currently creole supports only algortihmic objects , but will be extended to data objects . ) a common model of language data resources would be a set of inheritance hierarchies making up a forest or set of graphs . at the top of the hierarchies would be very general abstractions from resources ( e . g . lexicons are about words ) ; at the leaves would be data items that were specific to individual resources . programmatic access would be available at all levels , allowing the developer to select an appropriate level of commonality for each application . note that although an exciting element of the work could be to provide algorithms to dynamically merge common resources ( e . g . connect wordnet to celex ) , what we ' re suggesting initially is not to develop anything substantively new , but simply to improve access to existing resources . this is not a new standards initiative , but a way to build on previous initiatives . of course , the production of a common model that fully expressed all the subtleties of all resources would be a large undertaking , but we believe that it can be done incrementally , with useful results at each stage . early versions will stop decomposing the object structure of resources at a fairly high level , leaving the developer to handle the data structures native to the resources at the leaves of the forest . there should still be a substantial benefit in uniform access to higher level strucures . draft program committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - yorick wilks hamish cunningham wim peters remi zajac roberta catizone paola velardi maria teresa pazienza louise guthrie roberto basili bran boguraev sergei nirenburg james pustejowsky ralph grishman christiane fellbaum paper submission - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - formatting guidelines : papers should not exceed 4000 words or 10 pages . hard copies : three hard copies should be sent to : gill callaghan , fao yorick wilks dept . computer science university of sheffield regent court 211 portobello st . , sheffield s1 4dp uk electronic submission : electronic submission will be allowed in poscript or html . an ftp site will be available on demand . authors should send an info email to ( yorick wilks ) even if they submit in paper form . an electronic submission should be accompanied by a plain ascii text . # name : name of first author # title : title of the paper # pages : number of pages # files : name of file ( if also submitted electronically ) # note : anything you 'd like to add # keys : keywords # email : email of the first author # abstr : abstract of the paper # . . . . . . important dates paper submission deadline ( hard copy / electronic ) february 15th 1998 paper notification april 1st camera - ready papers due may 1st dalr workshop may 27st
 "",0
 2507,""Subject: understanding phonology ( update )
  
  understanding phonology gussenhoven , carlos ( university of nijmegen , the netherlands ) and jacobs , haike ( university of nijmegen and the free university of amsterdam , the netherlands ) ; understanding phonology ; publication march 1998 304pp pb 0 340 69218 9 14 . 99 / us $ 19 . 95 hb 0 340 69217 0 40 . 00 / us $ 70 . 00 arnold publishing ( american edition is co-published with oup ) this book gives a clear and accurate picture of current phonological theory in a small number of pages . john goldsmith , university of chicago this skilfully written new text provides a broad , yet up-to - date , introduction to phonology . assuming no previous knowledge of phonology or linguistic theory , the authors introduce the basic concepts and build on these progressively , discussing the main theories and illustrating key points with carefully chosen examples . a wide range of phenomena are covered : speech production , segmental contrasts , tone , quality , prosodic structure , metrical relations and intonation . the main theories are introduced and their contributions to our understanding of phonology , as well as their shortcomings , are discussed objectively . contents : the production of speech / some typology : sameness and difference / making the form fit / two levels of representation / distinctive features / ordered rules / the diminutive suffix in dutch / levels of representation / representing tone / skeletal slots and moras / feature geometry / complex segments / stress / iambic and trochambic rhythm in optimality theory . readership : students of linguistics . available on inspection for lecturers ( quote linglist598 ) tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6355 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6325 e - mail : milly . neate @ hodder . co . uk
 "",0
 2508,""Subject: understanding pragmatics ( update )
  
  understanding pragmatics verschueren , jef ( belgian national science foundation , belgium ) ; understanding pragmatics ; publication september 1998 c . 288pp pb 0 340 64623 3 c . 13 . 99 / us $ 19 . 95 hb 0 340 64624 1 c . 40 . 00 / us $ 70 . 00 arnold publishing ( american edition is co-published with oup ) this is the most comprehensive and current introduction to pragmatics . presupposing no background in pragmatics , the author sketches out the theoretical basis of the subject and systematically develops the major theoretical perspectives , to provide a full description of pragmatics as a coherent field of inquiry . the text explores methodological issues , guiding the reader into the existing spectrum of pragmatics-related work . focusing on pragmatics in its broadest sense , the book covers the whole range of social , cultural and cognitive aspects of pragmatics . contents : introduction / overview / the pragmatic perspective / aspects of the meaningful functioning of language / topics and trends . readership : students of linguistics / english language . available on inspection for lecturers ( quote linglist598 ) tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6355 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6325 e - mail : milly . neate @ hodder . co . uk
 "",0
 2509,""Subject: understanding syntax ( update )
  
  understanding syntax tallerman , maggie ( university of durham , uk ) ; understanding syntax ; published september 1998 c . 192pp pb 0 340 60377 1 c . 12 . 99 / us $ 19 . 95 hb 0 340 70000 9 c . 35 . 00 / us $ 60 . 00 arnold publishing ( american edition is co-published with oup ) provides a complete introduction to the main categories and constructions associated with sentence structure - the syntactic component of the grammar of human language . assuming no prior knowledge of linguistics , the book discusses and illustrates all the major terms and concepts . contents : what is syntax ? / words belong to different classes / looking inside sentences / head words and phrases / how do we identify constituents ? / relationship within the clause / syntactic processes . readership : undergraduates in linguistics tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6355 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6325 e - mail : milly . neate @ hodder . co . uk
 "",0
 2510,""Subject: workshop on morphological case
  
  workshop announcement dear colleagues , we are happy to announce the programme of the workshop """" effects of morphological case , to be held at the utrecht institute of linguistics ots , utrecht university , 28-29 august 1998 . organizers : helen de hoop , olaf koeneman , iris mulders , and fred weerman invited speakers : paul kiparsky , joan maling , alec marantz the aim of this workshop is to bring together theoretical and empirical considerations on the effects of morphological case beyond its mere phonological characteristics . issues for discussion involve the implications of morphological case for abstract case theory , the difference between structural and inherent case , agreement , word order phenomena , grammaticalization processes , discourse theory , and semantics . 1 . programme friday , august 28th : 9 . 00 opening remarks 9 . 30 invited speaker : paul kiparsky ( stanford university ) ` cases as complementizers ' 10 . 30 denis bouchard ( university of montreal ) ` fixed positions , functional markers and the concept of """" universal """" ' 11 . 15 break 11 . 30 inghild flaate & kristin m . eide ( norwegian university of science and technology ) ` interpretive effects of morphological case : norwegian and german predicatives ' 12 . 15 marjon helmantel ( leiden university ) ` on the relation between structural position and morphological case : adpositions in german ' 13 . 00 lunch break 14 . 15 stephen wechsler & larisa zlatic ( university of texas ) ` case realization in serbo - croatian ' 15 . 00 lynn nichols ( harvard university ) ` non - uniform effects of morphological case ' 15 . 45 break 16 . 00 carson t . schutze ( ucla ) ` on the nature of default case ' 16 . 45 josef bayer , markus bader & michael meng ( friedrich - schiller university jena ) ` morphological underspecification meets oblique case : syntactic and processing effects in german ' saturday , august 29th 9 . 15 invited speaker : alec marantz ( mit ) ` in defense of """" spell-out """" : why morphological case should indeed only have an indirect , reflective relation to the syntax ' 10 . 15 amanda seidl ( university of pennsylvania ) ` non - segmental morphological case : the case of consonant mutation in kpa mende ' 11 . 00 break 11 . 15 miriam butt ( university of konstanz ) & tracy holloway king ( ( nltt / istl ) ` licensing semantic case ' 12 . 00 dieter wunderlich ( heinrich heine university , duesseldorf ) ` on the interaction of structural and semantic case ' 12 . 45 lunch break 14 . 00 angela ralli ( university of patras ) & manuel espanol - echevarria ( ucla ) ` feature mismatch in dislocated constituents ' 14 . 45 eric haeberli ( university of geneva ) ` deriving effects of morphological case by eliminating abstract case ' 15 . 30 break 15 . 45 david lightfoot ( university of maryland ) ` middle english split genitives and the loss of case ' 16 . 30 invited speaker : joan maling ( brandeis university ) ` morphological case is not ( always ) to blame ' alternate : sandra joppen ( heinrich heine university , duesseldorf ) ` structural arguments with semantic case : the case of causees and recipients in 4 - place verbs ' 2 . registration registration at the site will cost 60 dutch guilders . if you preregister , you only pay 50 guilders and you will receive the workshop booklet in advance . please use the following form for preregistration : name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city and zipcode : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( state : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ) country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i wish to pay by : 0 eurocheck 0 eurocard 0 mastercard 0 visa credit card details : cardnumber : expiry date : transaction date : name and address as registered by credit card company ( if different from above ) : please send by email-reply or by regular mail to : utrecht university utrecht institute of linguistics trans 10 3512 jk utrecht the netherlands 3 . hotel information some of the speakers will stay at hotel de biltsche hoek in de bilt , which is approx . 15 minutes from the city centre by bus . tel # 31302205811 , fax # 31302202812 . single : f 112 , 50 , double f 135 , - ( breakfast included ) . here is the list of accommodation information in utrecht . please note that actual bookings are the participant 's own responsibility . hotel smits * * * * , vredenburg 14 , tel # 31302331232 , fax # 31302328451 single : 180 . - , double for single : 195 . - , double 247 . - ( breakfast included ) . city centre , app . 5 minutes walk to congress site . maliehotel * * * * , maliestraat 2 , tel # 31302316424 , fax # 31302340661 single with shower / bath 150 . - / 160 . - ; double shower / bath 185 . - / 195 . - ( breakfast included ) . eastern part of town , nice quiet residental area , app . 20 minutes walk to congress site . hotel mitland * * * * , ari ? nslaan 1 , tel # 31302715824 , fax # 31302719003 single 140 . - , double 180 . - on the north-eastern outskirts of town , quiet environment , bus stop close by . tulip inn utrecht centre * * * , janskerkhof 10 , tel # 31302313169 , fax # 31302310148 single ( shower or bath ) 195 . - , double ( shower or bath ) 250 . - ( buffet breakfast included ) . city center , app . 5 minutes walk to congress site . early reservations reccommended ! hotel ibis * * * , bizetlaan 1 , tel # 31302910366 , fax # 31302942066 single / double 140 . - , breakfast 18 . - per person . west of city centre , regular buses or tram to centre city , app . 15 minutes walk to congress site . hotel de admiraal * * , admiraal van gentstraat 11 , tel # 31302758500 , fax # 31302758501 single : 135 . - , double 155 . - ( breakfast included ) . north - east of city centre , quiet residential area , app . 25 minutes walk tocongress site . hotel bunschoten * * , balijelaan 1 , tel # 31302941420 , fax # 31302961934 single : 125 . - , double 145 . - ( breakfast included ) . south - west of city centre , app . 25 minutes walk to congress site . ouwi hotel * * , fc donderstraat 12 , tel # 31302716303 , fax # 31302714619 single ( shower ) 102 . - , double ( shower ) 122 . - ( breakfast included ) . north - east of city centre , quiet residential area , app . 20 minutes walk to congress site . parkhotel eijtinger * , tolsteegsingel 34 , tel # 31302516712 , fax # 31302516712 single / double 95 . - southern edge of city centre , on canal , app . 15 minutes walk to congress site . if you need more information , do not hesitate to contact olaf koeneman ( koeneman @ let . ruu . nl ) . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * olaf koeneman * * utrecht institute of linguistics ots * * trans 10 ( room 2 . 20 ) , 3512 jk utrecht * * tel . + 31 30 253 8304 * * email : koeneman @ let . ruu . nl * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",0
 2511,""Subject: review : watt , phonology of intonation .
  
  watt , david l . e . 1994 . _ the phonology and semology of intonation in english : an instrumental and systemic perspective . _ bloomington : indiana university linguistics club publications . 192pp . paper . reviewed by karen steffen chung < karchung @ ccms . ntu . edu . tw > good books on intonation are not that easy to come by , in this reviewer 's opinion , but this should be considered one of them . it is not an introductory text that will take you through english intonation in a systematic way . and the book 's ostensible main thesis , which concerns the semantic interpretation of various intonation ' melodies ' , is not its primary attraction , either . what it offers is a solid collection of valuable observations , in bits and pieces , on english intonation . so i think that the best way to do justice to a book like this in a review is to simply pick out what i found to be some of the more interesting points and condense them here , without too much additional commentary . * * * * * * * * intonation as a subfield of linguistics is still wide open to pioneering work . the author describes intonation as one of the ' most puzzling and idiosyncratic ' aspects of human speech within the sphere of language as behavior , and he points out the role of intonation in the 'd ynamism of discourse ' ( from the preface ) . unlike another work in this series recently reviewed for linguist , taylor 's _ a phonetic model of intonation in english _ , this book focuses mainly on * language * as we speak and hear it , rather than on mechanical - and often difficult-to - interpret - computer models , though computer recorded and analyzed data is also used to help analyze stretches of speech in this study . watt concludes that since instrumentation is far from infallible , and the human ear can also be quite subjective in what it hears , the most reliable method is to use auditory impressions for the initial recording of data , and instrumentally collected data as a supplement . the book starts out with a useful introduction , in which terms are defined and goals set . the two sections of the main body stress the development of a phonological and semantic model of intonation , respectively . these are divided into two chapters each , entitled ( part i ) : """" the phonology of intonation """" , and """" tones in sequences """" ; and ( part ii ) : """" intonation and meaning """" , and """" the semantics of phonological gradience """" . two appendices of instrumental data from recorded speech consist of selected examples taken from halliday 's _ course in spoken english : intonation _ ( 1970 ) , and from a corpus compiled by the author . the book concludes with 14 pages of references . the data come from ' non-surreptitious ' but unmonitored , casual 'd iadic conversations ' between native speakers of ' educated standard toronto english ' - rather rare in a field where most of the works are based on british rp or standard us english . the author points out that the data are not intended to contrast with those taken from other varieties of english ; his main goal was to achieve consistency in the speech form used . among the power and distance parameters of social and personal relations , the author chooses for his data collection ' equal ' , over 's uperordinate ' and 's ubordinate ' ; ' acquainted ' , as opposed to ' intimate ' or ' foreign ' ; and ' face-to - face ' rather than 'd istance ' ( i . e . phone conversations , subject to various kinds of distortion , were excluded ) . intonation is a suprasegmental ( i . e . ' a feature whose domain extends over more than one segment ' ) feature of language , and the author adopts a _ prosodic _ ( ' the use of pitch contours to realize linguistic meaning ' ) approach in analyzing it . below follow some a few other terms as watt uses them in his study . _ tonality _ refers to the division of the message into phonological tone groups or ' information units ' ( iu ) . _ tonicity _ involves a process of locating the salient syllable in a tone group , the ' focal point of ideational meaning in the information unit ; each group must contain at least one tonic syllable , which is located at the onset of pitch movement associated with nuclear tone contour ' . _ tone _ refers to the selection of one of five simple or two compound tone contours that phonologically realize interpersonal meanings in the iu . particular tone choice can mediate speaker / hearer relations ( e . g . indicate the need for a response , change of turn , or continuation ) or mediate speaker-message relations : i . e . attitudes toward a message , such as reservation , certainty or assertion ( pp . 18-20 ) . also defined is _ paratone _ , a larger intonational unit , which cannot extend beyond a breath group ; and no larger intonational unit was found in this study . section one begins by proposing that a theory of intonation must strive to make two different kinds of descriptions , namely , ( 1 ) a phonological one , which emphasizes identification of nuclear tones and other refinements derived from instrumental analysis , and ( 2 ) a semantic description of the functional impetus responsible for motivating language behavior , which includes tone sequences , intertonal relations , paratones , and connected speech . section one concentrates on ( 1 ) . watt describes _ simple tones _ - namely ( 1 ) simple falling , ( 2 ) simple high rise ( with fall-rise option ) , and ( 3 ) low rise - and _ complex tones _ , which consist of more than one pitch movement and are naturally more complicated . these are : ( 4 ) , which occurs on the last two syllables of the final word of an utterance and reaches the top level of pitch , then falls sharply , and ( 5 ) , which consists of a rise-fall movement , with the intensity on the rise . there are also _ compound tones _ , i . e . combinations of simple tones fused into a single tone group . there are two compound tones , 1 + 3 , and 5 + 3 . watt notes that some researchers have proposed a model of intonational meaning similar to that of grammar , in which one compound tone is linked with one particular meaning or function . but intonation in fact does * not * function like this - intonation is a realization of * semantics * rather than syntax . the interpretation of intonation must be made within the context of grammar , but it is not linked element by element to the syntax . as g . brown ( only first initials are given in the references ) puts it : ' the phonological resources for signaling meaning are far fewer than the semantic functions which """" exploit """" them ' ( p . 73 ) . a notable pattern revealed by instrumental analysis of spoken data is _ downdrift _ , a declining of the fundamental frequency ( f0 ) over the span of short utterances for a wide range of languages . it oscillates between the two extremes of an equally descending and slightly narrowing bandwidth with sentence final fall and slight prolongation at the breath group boundary . the declination slope is not always constant , but it can be a series of descending plateaux , or sets of declination lines . this model is not as 's usceptible ' to errors of data interpretation as following individual nuclear tones can be ( pp . 66-71 ) . section two concentrates on developing a semantic model of intonation , i . e . providing an initial account of meaning often attributed to intonation . watt here advances his view that intonational meaning can be derived both from phonological contrasts of tone and tonicity and from the phonetic gradience characteristic of these contrasts . there is less consistency in generalizing the meaning of intonation than with a phonological description of sound substance due to ( 1 ) the nature of intonation and ( 2 ) the variety of inferences people draw from voice-related cues . as members of a speech community , we make inferences about what is meant both by what is said and how it is said . we must draw conclusions on discrete meanings from only * part * of the speech continuum ( and not include e . g . physical appearance of the speaker in our analysis ) . to deal with the semantics of intonation , you can take either a linguistic approach , in which you look at meaning * contrasts * and form-to - function correspondences , or you can take a psychological approach , in which ' polar clines ' are posited , e . g . bored vs . interested , or timid vs . confident ; watt addresses only the * linguistic * contribution of ' tonicity ' and ' tone ' ( p . 76 ff . ) . watt refers to halliday , who stresses the ideation function of intonation , how it highlights information for specific attention , i . e . given vs . new , also fresh vs . contrasted . the stressing of new information is an outcome of 's peaker assessed importance ' . the tonic of unmarked utterances will tend to fall on the last lexical item of the tone group ; this results in a broad , ' unspecified ' focus ; this focus is narrowed in a ' contrastive ' utterance ( p . 79 ) . intonation has an ' interpersonal metafunction ' by serving as a channel for linguistic expression of * attitude * , though it is not the only such channel . other channels include register and lexicon ; and sometimes certain stylistic effects can be achieved by combining incongruous linguistic content and intonations , e . g . imagine ' put that goddam pipe away ! ' uttered in a smiling , gentle tone of voice . so the listener 's perception of the speaker 's attitude may be based on two or more signals combined ( p . 87 ) . intonation adds information to disambiguate speech function . speech function is identified and interpreted through the cumulative effect of contextual , morpho-syntactic and phonological cues ( p . 91 ) . it can include competition for turns ( an initiating peak can be used for this ) , initiating a topic ( marked by an initial peak of intensity and high pitch ) , continuing ( upward drift ) , responding ( the second speaker approximates the relative pitch height of the baseline of the last utterance produced by the previous speaker , i . e . an accommodation of one speaker 's melodic pattern to that of another ) , terminating ( fall to the lowest level of the speaker 's voice range ; a termination often falls well above the baseline before its final fall ) , checking function ( conversation monitoring with sporadic checks on the status of the conversation , i . e . checking that the hearer understands , agrees on the appropriateness of what is being expressed , and is still engaged ; this is intended to elicit a response from the hearer , but usually involves no change of turn , e . g . ' is n't it ? ' , ' right ? ' , ' you know ' , ' eh ' ) , certainty ( speakers can indicate ' certainty known / absolute ' , ' certainty irrelevant / conditional ' , or ' certainty unknown / assumed ' ) . watt points out that a major difficulty of doing description of intonation is the inherently gradient characteristic of the spoken medium . there is a gradient between the linguistic and the paralinguistic , as well as a division between what constitutes a linguistic contrast and what signals a modification of the phonological cline within that contrast . watt offers a revealing quote from bolinger : ' the higher the rise , the greater the exasperation if it is a statement , the greater the surprise of curiosity if it is a question . the lower the fall the greater the certainty or finality if the utterance is a statement , and the greater the confidence if it is a question ' [ 1986 : 240 ] . that is , in watt 's own words : ' . . . the greater the degree of the rise , or the height of a given contour , the greater the strength of the contextual meaning assumed for that contour ' ( p . 109 ) . watt sums his work up nicely - and what he says could easily be applied to just about any worthy field of inquiry - in the final chapter thus : ' there is a certain fractal logic that seems to pervade the investigation of intonation . the more we magnify the field under scrutiny , in the hopes of reaching an explanation of its details , the more we find new and unexpected details in need of explanation . the deeper we probe into the next level of detail , the more difficult it becomes to extricate ourselves from its detail with a parsimonious description of the new possibilities ' ( p . 121 ) . in addition to recapping the highlights of his book in the conclusion , watt offers his vision for what his work has to contribute to the field in general , namely , a ' compatible point of departure from which to further the description of discourse ' ( p . 122 ) . he believes that accurate synthesizing of intonations may possibly add to our knowledge about our auditory perceptions , and that can also help further develop our models of synthesized speech . * * * * * * * * although the book 's basic structure is clearly set out in the section and chapter titles , the contents of each subdivision are diverse and often hard to incorporate into a coherent , linear narrative on intonation ; one must content oneself with the fragments one is able to latch onto . yet one has the feeling that much is being said in this motley collection of ideas , observations , and analyses , much more than in many other of the works on intonation available . and for this reason , the interested reader is advised to bear with the author , take notes , and enjoy the ride . this book has a rather amateurish , low-budget look , perhaps to be expected from university publications of this kind . the instrumental graphs bordered by thick black outlines and incorporated into the chapters in many places seem stuffed in a little too close to the written text , though there is no problem of clarity . the text itself is set in a relatively large serif typeface , which makes for comfortable reading , though occasionally some startlingly inconsistent type sizes turn up . new concepts ( e . g . _ paratone _ , _ concord _ ) appear in bold and are easily spotted . minor typos appear here and there . the diy look of the design is not a serious flaw , though , for anyone after unalloyed content , of which you get plenty in this book . overall , this is a worthwhile and rather refreshing book for someone seriously interested in intonation . the reader had better be ready , however , to invest a bit of work to mine it of its wealth . reviewed by karen steffen chung , department of foreign languages and literatures , national taiwan university , taipei .
 "",0
 2512,""Subject: euralex ' 98 - keynote lectures , tutorials
  
  euralex ' 98 - european association for lexicography - 8th international congress university of liege ( belgium ) , 4 - 8 august 1998 . web site : http : / / engdep1 . philo . ulg . ac . be / euralex . htm information : amichiels @ ulg . ac . be book exhibition : please contact v . doppagne @ ulg . ac . be * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the euralex ' 98 programme committee is pleased to announce the titles of the three plenary lectures which will be read in addition to the standard parallel session papers , the workshop on dictionary use , the book exhibition and the computer demonstrations : keynote lectures : ( a ) marie - hlne corrard ( xerox research centre europe , grenoble , formerly oxford university press ) : """" traduire avec un dictionnaire , traduire pour un dictionnaire """" ( b ) anthony p . cowie ( university of leeds ) : """" a . s . hornby : a centenary tribute """" ( c ) gregory grefenstette ( xerox research centre europe , grenoble ) : """" the future of linguistics and lexicographers : will there be lexicographers in the year 3000 ? """" it is still possible to register for either of the two pre - euralex tutorials which will be organised on 4 august 1998 ( see second circular for details and fees ) : ( 1 ) creating a bilingual dictionary tutors : michela clari & jeremy butterfield ( harpercollins publishers ) ( 2 ) preparing a terminological data base tutor : alain reichling ( european commission translation service ) all relevant information ( list of parallel session papers , 1st and 2nd circulars , registration forms and fees , phone , fax and email addresses . . . ) can be found on the euralex ' 98 congress web site : http : / / engdep1 . philo . ulg . ac . be / euralex . htm for practical reasons , the local organizers ask people who intend to attend the congress to register as soon as possible if they have not yet done so . on behalf of the programme committee , thierry fontenelle
 "",0
 2513,""Subject: computerm ' 98 workshop
  
  computerm ' 98 workshop announcement first workshop on computational terminology when : august 15 , 1998 ( just after coling-acl98 ) where : university of montreal , montreal ( quebec , canada ) http : / / tornade . ere . umontreal . ca / ~ lhommem / coling / computerm . html context the workshop provides a forum to bring together researchers from the fields of computational linguistics , terminology , automated translation , information retrieval and lexicography who share an interest in computational aspects of terminology processing : acquisition , extraction , indexing , machine-aided thesaurus building , dictionary construction , etc . registration the number of participants to the workshop is limited . it is advisable to pre-register as soon as possible : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / fees . html additional information ( travel , accomodation , tourism . . . ) see the coling-acl98 conference main page at : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / mainpage . html paper presentation schedule : ( preliminary ) august 15 , 1998 saturday - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 : 45 - - 9 : 00 opening address 9 : 00 - - 9 : 30 david hull : """" a practical approach to terminology alignment """" 9 : 30 - - 10 : 00 akiko n . aizawa , kyo kageura : """" an approach to the automatic generation of multilingual keywords clusters """" 10 : 00 - - 10 : 30 ralf brown : """" automatically - extracted thesauri for cross-language ir : when better is worse """" 10 : 30 - - 10 : 45 coffee break 10 : 45 - - 11 : 45 first poster session 11 : 45 - - 12 : 15 fidelia ibekwe - sanjuan : """" building a prototype system for trends survey in a knowledge extraction program """" 12 : 15 - - 12 : 45 anne condamines , josette reyberolle """" ctkb : a corpus-based approach to a terminological knowledge base """" 12 : 45 - - 14 : 15 lunch 14 : 15 - - 14 : 45 toru hisamitsu ; yoshiki niwa : """" extraction of useful terms from parenthetical expressions by using simple rules and statistical measures - - a comparative evaluation of bigram statistics """" 14 : 45 - - 15 : 15 paul bowden , lindsay evett , peter halstead """" automatic acronym acquisition in a knowledge extraction program """" 15 : 15 - - 15 : 45 laura davidson , judy kavanagh , kristen mackintosh , ingrid meyer , douglas skuce : """" semi - automatic extraction of knowledge-rich contexts from corpora : examples and issues """" 15 : 45 - - 16 : 00 coffee break 16 : 00 - - 17 : 00 second poster session 17 : 00 - - 17 : 30 dekang lin : """" extracting collocations from text corpora """" 17 : 30 - - 18 : 00 hiroshi nakagawa , tatsunori mori : """" nested collocation and compound noun for term extraction """" posters : ( preliminary ) lee - feng chen , min - chan chen , chun - liang chen , bo - ren bai : """" internet - based chinese text corpus classification and domain-specific keyterm extraction """" hongyan jing , evelyne tzoukerman : """" improving retrieval with semantics and morphology """" kyo kageura , masaharu yoshioka , teruo koyama , toshihiko nozue : """" towards a common testbed for corpus-based computational terminology """" diana maynard , sofia ananiadou : """" acquiring contextual information for term disambiguation """" michael p . oakes , chris d . paice : """" term extraction for automatic abstracting """" antje schmidt - wigger : """" building consistent terminologies """" hinrich schuetze : """" hypercondex - - a hypertext concordance as a back-of - the-rule index """" scientific committee khurshid ahmad ( university of surrey , uk ) sophia ananiadou ( manchester metropolitan university , manchester , uk ) peter anick ( digital equipment corporation , usa ) teresa cabre ( university pompeu fabra , barcelone , spain ) ken church ( at&t labs research , usa ) anne condamines ( cnrs , toulouse , france ) bruce croft ( university of massachusetts , usa ) ido dagan ( bar ilan university , israel ) beatrice daille ( irin nantes , france ) pascale fung ( hong kong university of science and technology , hong kong ) eric gaussier ( xerox research centre europe , france ) gregory grefenstette ( xerox research centre europe , france ) stephanie haas ( university of north carolina , usa ) benoit habert ( limsi & ens fontenay - st cloud , france ) ulrich heid ( universitaet stuttgart , stuttgart , germany ) kyo kageura ( nacsis , tokyo , japan ) judith klavans ( columbia univesity , usa ) robert krovetz ( nec research institute , usa ) robert losee ( university of north carolina , usa ) ingrid meyer ( university of ottawa , ottawa , canada ) jian - yun nie ( university of montreal , montreal , canada ) padmini srinivasan ( the university of iowa , usa ) tomek strzalkowski ( general electric company , usa ) evelyne tzoukermann , ( bell labs innovations , lucent technologies , usa ) richard wojcik ( boeing company , usa ) pierre zweigenbaum ( ap-hp & universite paris 6 , france ) workshop organizers didier bourigault ( cnrs and universite paris xiii , paris , france ) christian jacquemin ( limsi , france ) marie - claude l ' homme ( universite de montreal , montreal , canada ) mailto : db @ lli . univ-paris 13 . fr , jacquemin @ limsi . fr , lhommem @ ere . umontreal . ca
 "",0
 2514,""Subject: 2nd ws on interlinguas
  
  second workshop on interlinguas : call for papers from text to representation : second workshop on interlinguas tuesday , october 27 , 1998 ( preceding the amta 98 conference ) sheraton bucks county hotel , langhorne , pennsylvania [ http : / / crl . nmsu . edu / events / fwoi / secondworkshop / index . html ] the focus of this workshop will be a multi-lingual text and the task of representing aspects of that text using an interlingual representation ( il ) . the format is meant to encourage concrete discussion on how ils handle particular challenges , including , but not limited to , representation of : basic predicate / argument structure noun phrases / referents proper nouns prepositional meaning non-literal language temporal relations textual organization lexical divergences syntactic divergences submitters are invited to select some aspect or section of the text , in a single language , or a language pair / set , and submit a short position paper , describing the il representation for that aspect . in addition to providing concrete il representations and terms ( ontological entities / atoms ) , submitters are encouraged to focus also on the reasons why one would choose to define these particular terms , and the justification for defining in a particular way the relations , slots , and fillers of the term . papers should define the aspect to be discussed , identify instances in the text , provide a representation for these instances , and categorize the instances according to the treatment proposed . the papers will be collected and published as the proceedings of the workshop . submission of end-to - end output of an il system ( including and identifying relevant hand-crafted elements ) is especially encouraged . submissions could also propose theoretical justification for a particular framework , in particular how the building blocks of the system work in handling an aspect of the text . the workshop itself will consist of panels organized around the representational aspects selected by the participants . the panel presentations will be supplemented by periods for general discussion and other activities . ideally , the result of the workshop will be - in some cases , a consistent set of il expressions for the various problematic issues raised by the text and - in other cases , a clearer delineation of ( 1 ) how the various problematic issues in the text are treated in different ils and ( 2 ) the fundamental differences in approach that motivate these different il treatments . a final product of the workshop will be an outline of the issues discussed in determining whether combined il approaches are possible and / or desirable . these results will provide a basis for further workshops . the multi-lingual text will be available at http : / / crl . nmsu . edu / events / fwoi / secondworkshop / text . html in glossed english , french , spanish , chinese , arabic , german , russian , persian , italian , catalan , vietnamese , malay , greek , bulgarian , tamil , and portuguese versions , as they become available . notice of interest in participation : july 10 , 1998 ( to shelmrei @ crl . nmsu . edu ) ( please identify specifically what aspect of il representation you intend to address ) position paper submission : august 10 , 1998 notifications : september 10 , 1998 final copies of papers : october 10 , 1998 workshop : october 27 , 1998 submission may be in printed or electronic form ( latex , framemaker ) , but should follow acl style sheet ( available at http : / / www . cs . columbia . edu / ~ acl / home . html ) . submissions should be sent to : stephen helmreich computing research laboratory new mexico state university po box 30001 / 3crl las cruces , nm 88003 ( usa ) phone : ( 505 ) 646-2141 fax : ( 505 ) 646-6218 e-mail : shelmrei @ crl . nmsu . edu the registration fee for the conference is $ 50 . non - presenters will be accepted on a first-come , first served basis . a copy of the registration form is available at : http : / / crl . nmsu . edu / events / fwoi / secondworkshop / registration . html
 "",0
 2515,""Subject: esslli-99 , final call for proposals
  
  [ an html version of the call for proposals will be made available via the folli web page at http : / / www . wins . uva . nl / research / folli / . the usual apologies apply if you receive multiple copies of this message . ] eleventh european summer school in logic , language and information esslli-99 august 9-20 , 1999 , utrecht , the netherlands final call for proposals the main focus of the european summer schools in logic , language and information is the interface between linguistics , logic and computation . foundational , introductory and advanced courses together with workshops cover a wide variety of topics within six areas of interest : logic , computation , language , logic and computation , computation and language , language and logic . previous summer schools have been highly successful , attracting around 500 students from europe and elsewhere . the school has developed into an important meeting place and forum for discussion for students and researchers interested in the interdisciplinary study of logic , language and information . esslli-99 is organized under the auspices of the european association for logic , language and information ( folli ) . the esslli-99 programme committee invites proposals for foundational , introductory , and advanced courses , and for workshops for the 11th annual summer school on a wide range of topics in the following fields : logic language computation language and logic logic and computation language and computation in addition to courses and workshops there will be a student session . a call for papers for the student session will be distributed separately . the programme committee welcomes proposals in all of the above areas . proposal submission : all proposals ( subjset : esslli-99 ) should be submitted by electronic mail to the program chair , at wansing @ rz . uni-leipzig . de , in plain ascii text as soon as possible , but no later than june 15 , 1998 . authors of proposals will be notified of the committee 's decision no later than september 1 , 1998 . proposers should follow the guidelines below while preparing their submissions ; proposals that deviate substantially will not be considered . guidelines for submission : anyone interested in lecturing or organizing a workshop during esslli-99 , please read the following information carefully . foundational courses : these are really elementary courses not assuming any background knowledge . the number of foundational courses will be 4 - 6 . foundational courses are taught by 1 or max . 2 lecturers . they consist of five sessions ( a one-week course ) or ten sessions ( a two-week course ) each session lasts 90 minutes . timetable for foundational course proposal submission jun 15 , 98 : proposal submission deadline sep 1 , 98 : notification nov 15 , 98 : deadline for receipt of title , abstract , lecturer ( s ) information , course description and prerequisites jun 1 , 99 : deadline for receipt of camera-ready course material introductory courses : introductory courses are central to the activities of the summer school . they are intended to equip students and young researchers with a good understanding of a field 's basic methods and techniques , and to allow experienced researchers from other fields to acquire the key competences of neighboring disciplines , thus encouraging the development of a truly interdisciplinary research community . the introductory courses in the three basic disciplines should provide introductions to the field for non-specialists ( an introductory course on logic , for instance , should address linguists and computer scientists , not logicians ) . introductory courses in the interdisciplinary fields , on the other hand , can build on knowledge of the respective fields ( an introductory course in computational linguistics should address an audience which is familiar with the basics of linguistics and computation ) . introductory courses are taught by 1 or max . 2 lecturers . they consist of five sessions ( a one-week course ) or ten sessions ( a two-week course ) each session lasts 90 minutes . proposals for introductory courses should indicate the level of the course as compared to standard texts in the area . for ease of reference a list of standard texts will be made available electronically . timetable for introductory course proposal submission jun 15 , 98 : proposal submission deadline sep 1 , 98 : notification nov 15 , 98 : deadline for receipt of title , abstract , lecturer ( s ) information , course description and prerequisites jun 1 , 99 : deadline for receipt of camera-ready course material advanced courses : advanced courses should be pitched at an audience of advanced masters or phd students . proposals for advanced courses should specify the prerequisites in some detail . advanced courses are taught by 1 or max . 2 lecturers . they consist of five sessions ( a one-week course ) or ten sessions ( a two-week course ) each session lasts 90 minutes . timetable for advanced course proposal submissions jun 15 , 98 : proposal submission deadline sep 1 , 98 : notification nov 15 , 98 : deadline for receipt of title , abstract , lecturer ( s ) information , course description and prerequisites jun 1 , 99 : deadline for receipt of camera-ready course material workshops : the aim of the workshops is to provide a forum for advanced ph . d . students and other researchers to present and discuss their work . a workshop has a theme . at most one organizer is paid . the organizers should be specialists in the theme of the workshop and give a general introduction in the first session . they are also responsible for the programme of the workshop , i . e . , for finding speakers . each workshop organizer will be responsible for producing a call for papers for the workshop by november 15 , 1998 . the call must make it clear that the workshop is open to all members of the lli community . it should also note that all workshop contributors must register for the summer school . a workshop consists of five sessions ( a one-week workshop ) or ten sessions ( a two-week workshop ) . sessions are normally 90 min . timetable for workshop proposal submissions jun 15 , 98 : proposal submission deadline sep 1 , 98 : notification nov 15 , 98 : deadline for receipt of call for papers dec 1 , 98 : send out call for papers mar 15 , 99 : deadline for papers ( suggested ) may 1 , 99 : notification of workshop contributors ( suggested ) may 15 , 99 : deadline for provisional workshop programme jun 1 , 99 : deadline for receipt of camera-ready copy of workshop notes jun 1 , 99 : deadline for final workshop programme format for proposals : please submit your proposal in the following format : name : - - - name ( s ) of proposed lecturer ( s ) / organizer . address : - - - contact addresses of proposed lecturer ( s ) / organizer . where possible , please include phone and fax numbers . title : - - - title of proposed course / workshop . type : - - - state whether this is a workshop , an foundational course , an introductory course , or an advanced course . section : - - - which of the six sections ( language , logic , computation , logic & computation , language & computation or language & logic ) does the proposal belong to ? please just name one . description : - - - a description of the proposed contents . not more than 150 words . external - - - state whether ( and if so : how ) you will be able to find funding : external funding to subsidize your travel and accommodation expenses . further - - - any further information that is required by the above particulars : guidelines should be included here . financial aspects : prospective lecturers and workshop organizers should be aware that all teaching and organizing at the summer schools is done on a voluntary basis in order to keep the participants fees as low as possible . lecturers and organizers are not paid for their contribution , but are reimbursed for travel and accommodation . in case of two lecturers , a lump sum is paid to cover travel expenses . the splitting of the sum is up to the lecturers . ( however , please note that the organizers appreciate it if , whenever possible , lecturers / organizers find alternative funding to cover travel and accommodation expenses . ) workshop speakers are required to register for the summer school ; however , workshop speakers will be able to register at a reduced rate to be determined by the organizing committee . finally , it should be stressed that while proposals from all over the world are welcomed , the summer school can only afford to reimburse travel costs for travel from destinations within europe to utrecht . program committee : heinrich wansing ( chair ) attn : esslli-99 institute of logic and philosophy of science university of leipzig augustusplatz 9 04109 leipzig germany tel : + 49 341 9735 773 ( 770 ) or + 49 351 463 5489 fax : + 49 341 9735 798 email : wansing @ rz . uni-leipzig . de barbara partee ( language ) lev beklemishev ( logic ) ulrich furbach ( computation and logic ) alex lascarides ( language and computation ) antonio di nola ( computation ) henriette de swart ( logic and language ) organizing committee : michael moortgat ( chair ) utrecht institute of linguistics ots utrecht university trans 10 , 3512 jk utrecht the netherlands tel : + 31 30 2536043 ( secretary : + 31 30 2536006 ) fax : + 31 30 2536000 email : moortgat @ let . ruu . nl further background information : to obtain further information , please visit the web site for esslli-98 ( http : / / www . coli . uni-sb . de / esslli / ) or folli 's home page on the web ( http : / / www . wins . uva . nl / research / folli / ) .
 "",0
 2516,""Subject: endangered languages - edinburgh , sept 98 - call for registration
  
  endangered languages - what role for the the specialist ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - edinburgh , scotland - 25-27 september 1998 call for registration the conference will provide a forum for researchers and activists working for the maintenance of indigenous languages that face an uncertain future . conference scope and aims in recent years , number of support organizations have established themselves , all aiming to mobilize research effort , popular opinion and money in defence of declining languages . the question is often raised of how these outsiders can really help the cause that they have identified . language communities must have inner strength in order to survive , or at least the will and the means to go on using their traditional tongues . outside organizations , however well-meaning , cannot supply such qualities directly . some ask whether the organizations even have the right to try to interfere . this conference , the second organized by the foundation for endangered languages , is seeking answers to one part of this question . how can language specialists , whether professional linguists , educators , media professionals or whoever , actually contribute to language maintenance ? we shall be hearing of the actual effects of professional involvement on small language communities throughout the world . we do not expect a common set of conclusions to emerge from this sharing of experience and analysis . but we shall be looking at the variety we find , and asking if it points to a good way to define the roles of the support organizations : how they can complement one another , perhaps sharing techniques , perhaps transmitting knowledge ? some themes that will be addressed : when does the professional best act as an external consultant , when as a team-player ? what are useful relations : among grammarians , lexicographers and sociolinguists ? among community-leaders , language-activists and language-scientists ? among ordinary speakers , creative users , broadcasters and publishers ? what have been great successes in specialist language work , and what motivated the people responsible ? how does local work benefit from el support organizations with a global or continental view ? is the need for technical assistance , production of materials , publicity , funding , political agitation ? should el support organizations themselves specialize ? if so how : regionally , or by function ? the dates will be 25-27 september 1998 , and the venue the pollock halls in edinburgh . there will be a preliminary volume of proceedings distributed at the conference . all presentations should be accessible in english , but there may well be use of the languages of interest , for quotation or exemplification . organizers : dr nicholas ostler - foundation for endangered languages , bath , england mrs margaret allen - foundation for endangered languages , york , england dr briony williams - university of edinburgh , scotland programme committee : akira yamamoto , andrew woodfield , anthony woodbury , tasaku tsunoda , jane simpson , mari rhydwen , jon reyhner , nicholas ostler , david nash , christopher moseley , john clews , margaret allen . intended programme friday , 25 september session 1 endangered languages : what role for the specialist ? keynote speaker : donna b . gerdts : the linguist in language revitalization programmes ( salishan , canada ) session 2 un peu d ' histoire kim hardie role of specialists : the case of flemish in belgium jens e . jahn istria : between ethnic awakening & nationalism ken mackinnon the past and future of scots gaelic ( celtic ) saturday , 26 september session 3 successful interactions mick mallon a partnership : two old men eskimo jon reyhner , gina cantoni what educators can do session 4 understanding the language from the inside louanna furbee two kinds of expert in language renewal ( siouan ) rob . bolognesi standardization : the case of sardinian v . grondona speakers and the language specialist : mocovi ( waikuruan , argentina ) session 5 annual general meeting ( foundation for endangered languages ) session 6 understanding the language from the outside diego quesada competing interpretations : what if they are wrong ? ( chibchan , costa rica ) tapani salminen minority languages in a society in turmoil ( north of russian fed . ( ural . / tungus . / turk / paleosib . ) lynn landweer indicators of vitality : labu and vanimo ( austronesian / sko , niugini ) sunday , 27 september session 7 the new role of information technology bojan petek slovenian language in the information age rc macdougall effects and defects of e - mail ( mohawk , us ) mari rhydwen strategies for doing the impossible ( australia ) session 8 taking stock h . valiquette first things first akira yamamoto language community , scientific community & mutually supported community the conference will feature social events , including a conference dinner and an expedition in the edinburgh area . there is a discount of 10 . 00 ( pounds sterling ) for registrations made before 1 july 1998 . attendees at the conference ( including speakers ) need to be paid-up members of the foundation . payment of subscriptions will be possible at the conference . registration form - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - name address for correspondence designation area ( s ) of interest phone number e - mail fax number booking option [ please choose option 1 , 2 , 3 or 4 from the list of packages below ] booking options : [ all prices in pounds sterling - uk currency ] each package includes 3 lunches / 2 dinners / tea / coffee , registration ( proceedings , conference folders , excursion ) ; for residents , it also includes 2 nights ' bed & breakfast ( 25-27 sept ) . package regular student 1 . single room , without en-suite shower 100 . 00 90 . 00 2 . single room , with en-suite shower 130 . 00 120 . 00 3 . shared double room , with en-suite shower 120 . 00 110 . 00 4 . non - resident ( meals + breaks only ) 55 . 00 45 . 00 note ; . we will try as far as possible to accommodate any special requirements you may have . please send details as early as possible about the following : special dietary requirements , partial attendance at the conference , or accommodation for more than 2 nights etc . [ for non-members ] standard unwaged [ ] please enrol me as a member of the foundation : 20 . 00 [ ] please enrol me as a member of the foundation : 10 . 00 [ enclose proof of unwaged ( e . g . student ) status . ] important : remember to deduct 10 pounds if you are paying before july 1st , 1998 ! further note : we have endeavoured to keep costs to an absolute minimum , to maximize access . however , any surplus in the fund which is paying for this will go to support our work in documentation and promotion of endangered languages . if you can , please add a donation , marking the item below . possible donation [ pounds ] please write the total amount of your payment [ pounds ] methods of payment - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 . uk cheques ( in pounds sterling ) should be made payable to : foundation for endangered languages 2 . for cheques in other currencies please add 10 % to cover bank charges . 3 . the appropriate amount may be transferred directly to : foundation for endangered languages account 50073456 . sort code 08-90 - 02 . co - operative bank , 16 st . stephen street , bristol , bs1 1jr , england 4 . to pay by by credit card [ visa / mastercard ] please complete the following name as on c / card . . . . address as on c / card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . credit card number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . c / card date of expiry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please return this form with your payment to : margaret j . allen treasurer , foundation for endangered languages 14 , newland park close , york y010 3hw england josallen @ compuserve . com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nicholas ostler managing director president linguacubun ltd foundation for endangered languages http : / / www . bris . ac . uk / depts / philosophy / ctll / fel / batheaston villa , 172 bailbrook lane bath ba1 7aa england + 44-1225 - 85-2865 fax + 44-1225 - 85-9258 nostler @ chibcha . demon . co . uk
 "",0
 2517,""Subject: afro - asiatic languages
  
  fourth conference on afro-asiatic languages centre of african studies school of oriental & african studies london 25-27 th june 1998 invited speakers * : robert hoberman , suny john saeed , tcd baye yimam , aau * paul newman regrets that due to unforeseen circumstances he will be unable to attend as guest speaker as previously advertised . thursday , june 25 welcome by prof . r . j . hayward 09 : 00-10 : 00 robert hoberman , state university of new york : what is a binyan : maltese verb morphology 10 : 00-10 : 20 break 10 : 20-11 : 00 tali siloni , tel - aviv university : phonological case checking domain : the case of genitive 11 : 00-11 : 40 nili mandelblit , university of paris 7 : blending in hebrew causatives 11 : 40-12 : 20 mohamed naji , universities of paris x & viii : on the nature of the participial structures : the case of the semitic active participle 12 : 20 - 2 : 00 lunch 2 : 00 - 2 : 40 ruth kempson & malcolm edwards , soas & birkbeck college : resumptive pronouns in arabic & english 2 : 40 - 3 : 20 sabrina bendjaballah , university of paris 7 : some aspects of palatalization in somali 3 : 20 - 4 : 00 alain kihm , cnrs , paris : the berber construct state as subject marking 4 : 00 - 4 : 20 break 4 : 20 - 5 : 00 sharon rose , university of california - san diego : triple take : tigre and the case of internal reduplication 5 : 00 - 5 : 40 giuliano lancioni , university of rome 1 : noun phrases in amharic & standard arabic 5 : 40 - 6 : 20 hagit borer , university of southern california : the argument structure of causatives : a top - down approach 6 : 30 drinks party hosted by soas linguistics dept . friday , june 26 09 : 00-10 : 00 john saeed , trinity college dublin : 10 : 00-10 : 20 break 10 : 20-11 : 00 chris reintges , holland institute of generative linguistics : the correlation of verb movement , event semantics and subject agreement in older egyptian 11 : 00-11 : 40 david swinburne , soas : ' copular pronouns ' and the dynamics of hebrew 11 : 40-12 : 20 jamal ouhalla , queen mary & westfield , london : possession in sentences & in noun phrases 12 : 20 - 2 : 00 lunch 2 : 00 - 2 : 40 jacqueline lecarme , cnrs , nice : gender ' polarity ' and the nature of nominal number 2 : 40 - 3 : 20 james roberts , summer institute of linguistics - chad : feature spreading in mokulu noun plurals 3 : 20 - 4 : 00 mara frascarelli , university of rome 3 : long movement , """" that-trace """" effects and antiagreement in somali 4 : 00 - 4 : 20 break 4 : 20 - 5 : 00 degif petros , mit : classifying the subject agreement suffixes of semitic 5 : 00 - 5 : 40 edit doron , hebrew university , jerusalem : the passive participle in hebrew 5 : 40 - 6 : 20 business meeting 8 : 00 dinner saturday , june 27 09 : 00-10 : 00 baye yimam , addis ababa university : agreement phenomena in amharic 10 : 00-10 : 20 break 10 : 20-11 : 00 miriam engelhardt , hebrew university , jerusalem : definiteness and the construct form 11 : 00-11 : 40 shuly wintner , university of tbingen : definiteness agreement & inheritance in hebrew 11 : 40-12 : 20 melanie green , queen mary & westfield , london : the focus properties of copular sentences 12 : 20 - 2 : 00 lunch 2 : 00 - 2 : 40 ur shlonsky , university of geneva : copular constructions & subject positions in hebrew 2 : 40 - 3 : 20 philippe sgral , university of paris 7 : on phonological processes in the """" 3rd conjugation """" of somali 3 : 20 - 4 : 00 marco svolacchia & annarita pugielli , university of rome 3 : polysynthesis in east cushitic 4 : 00 - 4 : 20 break 4 : 20 - 5 : 00 abdellah chekayri & tobias scheer , al - akawayn university : the appearance of glides in classical arabic defective verbs 5 : 00 - 5 : 40 jean lowenstamm , university of paris 7 : the feminine & impersonal in chaha 5 : 40 - 6 : 20 abdelkader fassi fehri , mohammed v university : on strict adjacency in vs & nposs sequences conference site the conference * is hosted by the school of oriental and african studies . conference sessions will take place in the lower ground floor lecture theatre of the main building at soas . soas is located on the north-west corner of russell square . the nearest tube station is russell square on the piccadilly line . goodge st . on the northern line , euston square on the circle and metropolitan and euston main line station are 10 minutes walk away . * the conference is financed through the research committee of the school of oriental & african studies and the summer institute of linguistics . local committee : prof . r . j . hayward , dr . b . ingham , dr . j . ouhalla , ms . d . perrett . fees participants will be asked to pay a daily fee of 5 to cover conference expenses . accommodation accommodation will be arranged at dinwiddy house , the soas students residence , in single study bedrooms with en-suite shower , toilet and handbasin . rooms will be available from wednesday 24th june at 22 per night for bed & breakfast . please confirm your reservation as soon as possible using the accommodation form below . dinwiddy house is located on pentonville road not far from kings cross station 10-15 minutes walk from soas . participants will need to make their own way , on foot or by local transport ( 73 bus ) , to the conference site each day . details of hotel accommodation in the russell square area can be supplied on request . all correspondence should be addressed to : denise perrett , centre of african studies , school of oriental & african studies , russell square , london , wc1h 0xg tel : 0181-964 - 9141 fax : 0171-323 - 6254 e-mail : cal @ soas . ac . uk accommodation form please indicate below which accommodation options you want to take . it may also help us to know your travel plans . please complete the form and e-mail it to cal @ soas . ac . uk name : e-mail address : 1 . i wish to book bed & breakfast accommodation at dinwiddy house at 22 / twenty two pounds sterling per night ( payable on arrival ) for the following nights - 24th june yes / no 25th june yes / no 26th june yes / no 27th june yes / no 2 . i would like to receive information on hotel accommodation in the russell square area . yes / no 3 . i have made independent accommodation arrangements . yes / no 4 . i plan to travel by - airport : arrival date : arrival time : flight no : air _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ train _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 . i require information on ( other , please specify ) : travel to london ( directions designed for destination soas residence . ) arriving by air : heathrow - underground piccadilly line to king 's cross . gatwick - rail link to king 's x . luton - rail link train to king 's x . city - docklands railway & underground connections . arriving by rail : waterloo - from eurostar terminal change to underground for king 's x ( northern line to leicester square change to piccadilly for king 's x or bakerloo changing to piccadilly line at piccadilly circus ) . other main line stations - change to underground for connections to king 's x . arriving by car : directions available on request . car parking is a major problem in central london . taxis : metered cab ranks at all airports and main line stations . the walk from king 's cross station to dinwiddy house is 0 . 5 km . those with heavy luggage may prefer to take a taxi from the station .
 "",0
 2518,""Subject: 8th international conference on functional grammar
  
  the eighth international conference on functional grammar ( icfg8 ) is being held at the vrije universiteit amsterdam ( netherlands ) from july 6th through 9th . for full details , including the conference program and abstracts of all papers , as well as information on travel and accommodation , see : http : / / www . mis . coventry . ac . uk / fgis / 8thicfg . html to register as a participant in the conference , please contact : icfg8 @ let . vu . nl lachlan mackenzie free university amsterdam
 "",0
 2519,""Subject: special issue jetai
  
  call for papers journal of experimental and theoretical artificial intelligence special issue on memory-based language processing memory - based language processing ( mblp ) views language processing as being based on the direct reuse of previous experience rather than on the use of abstractions extracted from that experience . in such a framework , language acquisition is modeled as the storage of exemplars , and language processing as similarity-based reasoning . mblp derives from work in artificial intelligence ( case-based reasoning , memory-based reasoning , instance-based learning , lazy learning ) , linguistics ( analogical modeling ) , computational linguistics ( example-based machine translation , case-based language processing , data-oriented parsing ) , and statistical pattern recognition ( k-nn models ) . in recent research , it has been shown that the application of algorithms based on this framework leads to accurate and efficient language models in diverse language processing areas ( phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics , discourse ) . we invite theoretical papers on models , algorithms and metrics for memory-based language processing , and empirical studies comparing mblp variants to each other or to alternative non-memory - based approaches for specific language processing tasks . time table deadline for submissions : september 1 , 1998 notification date : november 1 , 1998 deadline for final versions : january 1 , 1999 special issue : summer or autumn 1999 instructions for authors : 1 . the original manuscript and three clear copies should be submitted to : walter daelemans ( guest editor ) ilk research group , computational linguistics tilburg university warandelaan 2 5037 gc tilburg building b , room 307 the netherlands + 31 13 4663070 ( phone ) + 31 13 4663110 ( fax ) walter . daelemans @ kub . nl all papers will be refereed by at least three reviewers . 2 . all papers must be in english . the entire manuscript should be typed on one side only of plain paper , either a4 or 8 . 5 x 11 inch , with double spacing used throughout . 3 . the first page of the manuscript should carry the title , the names , institutional addresses , and institutional telephone numbers of the authors , and a short title of no more than 50 characters ( including spaces ) to be used as a running head . the second page of the manuscript should carry an abstract of about 200 words . the remainder of the text should not exceed 30 double spaced pages , including references but excluding figures and tables . all figures and tables must be referred to by number in the text . 4 . an original set of professional quality figures should accompany the manuscript . line drawing may be india ink originals or glossy prints . halftone illustrations must be submitted as glossy prints . illustrations cannot be printed in color . 5 . tables should be typed on separate pages , which should accompany the text . 6 . the text should be written in third person to facilitate blind reviewing . the names of the authors or their institutions should appear only on the title page . 7 . the name-date style should be used for all references . all authors ' names should be included in the reference list . journal names should not be abbreviated . inclusive page numbers must be given for all references to articles in journals , proceedings volumes , or books . with the exception of theses or dissertations , unpublished works should not be included as references . 8 . footnotes may not be used . endnotes may be used if necessary ; they should be collected on separate sheets at the end of the text . 9 . fifty free offprints will be provided to the first author of each paper . there will be no page charges .
 "",0
 2520,""Subject: acm sigir98 workshop on multimedia indexing and retrieval
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * note that the deadline for initial submission has been extended to june 19 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * acm sigir ' 98 post - conference workshop multimedia indexing and retrieval melbourne , australia , august 28 , 1998 call for participation background : this workshop will focus on the required functionality , techniques , and evaluation criteria for multimedia information retrieval systems . researchers have been investigating content-based retrieval from non-text sources such as images , audio and video . initially , the focus of these efforts were on content analysis and retrieval techniques tailored to a specific media ; more recently , researchers have started to combine attributes from various media . the goal of multimedia ir systems is to handle general queries such as """" find outdoor pictures or video of clinton and gore discussing environmental issues """" . answering such queries requires intelligent exploitation of both text / speech and visual content . multimedia ir is a very broad area covering both infrastructure issues ( e . g . efficient storage criteria , networking , client-server models ) and intelligent content analysis and retrieval . since this is a one-day workshop , we have chosen three focus areas in the intelligent analysis and retrieval area . about the workshop : the first focus of this workshop is on integrating information from various media sources in order to handle multimodal queries on large , diverse databases . an example of such a collection would be the www . in such cases , a query may be decomposed into a set of media queries , each involving a different indexing scheme . the interaction of various media sources that occur in the same context ( e . g . , text accompanying pictures , audio accompanying video ) is of special interest ; such interaction can be exploited in both the content analysis and retrieval phases . the second focus deals with examples of research using content and organization of multimedia information into semantic classes . users pose and expect a retrieval to provide answers to semantic questions . in practice this is difficult to achieve . building structures that encode semantic information in a fairly domain independent and robust manner is extremely difficult . a quick review of computer vision research over the last few years points to this difficulty . in many cases , image content can be used in conjunction with user interaction and domain specificity to retrieve semantically meaningful information . however , it is clear that retrieval by similarity of visual attributes when used arbitrarily cannot provide semantically meaningful information . for example , a search for a red flower by color red on a very heterogeneous database cannot be expected to yeild meaningful results . on the other hand retrieval of red flowers in a database of flowers can be achieved using color . in context therefore , examples of research using content and organization of multimedia information into semantic classes will be discussed . many systems , particularly image and video based ones require an example picture which can be used as a query ( alternatively , the user may be required to draw a picture ) . it may be unrealistic to expect an example image to be always available . thus , it would be useful to find ways of generating new queries . can nlp techniques be combined with computer vision techniques to generate such queries ? or can multimodal retrieval techniques be combined to create queries suitable for image , video and audio retrieval ? in general , a question is how can we create realistic queries for realistic systems . the third focus of this workshop is on evaluation techniques for multimedia retrieval . currently , most researchers are using the standard evaluation measures defined for text documents ; these need to be extended / modified for multimedia documents . there is also a high degree of subjectivity involved that needs to be addressed . we will focus on the following specific topics : - content analysis and retrieval from various media ( text , images , video , audio ) - interaction of modalities ( e . g . text , images ) in indexing , retrieval - effective user interfaces ( permitting query refinement etc . ) - evaluation methodologies for multimedia information . we have found that researchers pay insufficient attention to it . - techniques for relevance ranking - multimodal query formation / decomposition - logic formalisms for multimodal queries - indexing and retrieval from scanned documents - e . g extracting text from images , word spotting - as a retrieval technique for both handwritten and printed documents . - testbeds for evaluating multimodal retrieval : it would be nice to have some resource sharing here since annotating these , and coming up with a good query set are difficult participation : two types of participation are expected . those interested in making a presentation at this workshop should submit their full papers either in online postscript version or in hardcopy by regular mail to the address given below . the papers should not exceed 5 , 000 words , including figures , tables , and references . those interested in participating , but not presenting papers , should submit a statement of interest , not to exceed 500 words . this should clearly state what aspect ( s ) of the workshop reflect their research interest . these will be used to select panelists . both types of submissions are due on friday , june 5th . decisions will be made no later than friday , june 26th . in the case of paper submission , the final camera-ready papers are due on july 24th . working notes will be made available to all participants at the workshop . all the submissions should be sent to : prof . rohini k . srihari , cedar / suny at buffalo ub commons 520 lee entrance , suite 202 amherst , ny 14228 - 2583 rohini @ cedar . buffalo . edu organization : workshop chairs ( also program chairs ) rohini k . srihari , suny at buffalo ( rohini @ cedar . buffalo . edu ) zhongfei zhang , suny at buffalo ( zhongfei @ cedar . buffalo . edu ) r . manmatha , university of massachussetts ( manmatha @ cs . umass . edu ) s . ravela , university of massachussetts ( ravela @ cs . umass . edu ) program committee members : shih - fu chang ( columbia u . , usa ) david harper ( robert gordon university , u . k . ) alex hauptmann ( cmu , usa ) rakesh kumar ( sarnoff , usa ) desai narasimhalu ( isi , singapore ) candace sidner ( lotus , usa ) peter schauble ( eth , switzerland ) timetable : paper or statement of interest submission : june 5th , 1998 decision : july 19th , 1998 camera - ready paper due : july 24th , 1998 sigir conference : august 24th - 28th , 1998 workshop : august 29th , 1998 further information : further questions may be directed to the address above , or go to the web page of this workshop at http : / / www . cedar . buffalo . edu / sigir98 / mmtr . html or the sigir conference main web page at http : / / www . cs . mu . oz . au / sigir98 /
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 2521,""Subject: 10th icehl
  
  10th international conference on english historical linguistics manchester , 21-26 august 1998 our conference website is now , apparently , fully operational again after having been wholly or partly unobtainable outside manchester for a few days , for technical reasons we do n't yet know . apologies to anyone who was inconvenienced . please let us know if there are still any problems . on the www you will find a list of plenary and ordinary papers , many of the abstracts , a * * provisional * * programme , information on workshops and associated activities , and lots of other stuff on the venue and the city . detailed travel information will be added later this month . if you have any queries , please address them to 10icehl @ man . ac . uk thank you . ( prof . ) david denison < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > organising committee , 10icehl dept of english and american studies university of manchester | manchester m13 9pl | u . k . http : / / www . art . man . ac . uk / english / projects / 10icehl . htm ( www ) 10icehl @ man . ac . uk ( e-mail ) + 44 ( 0 ) 161-275 3256 ( fax )
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 2522,""Subject: available for review : discourse , vietnamese
  
  the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . discourse & cognitive linguistics : liebert , wolf and g . redeker and l . waugh . discourse and perspective in cognitive linguistics . john benjamins publishing co . 1997 narrative & vietnamese : daley , karen ann , ( 1998 ) vietnamese classifiers in narrative texts . summer institute of linguistics . arlington tx .
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 2523,""Subject: coling / acl ' 98 worshop on processing of dependency - based grammars
  
  coling-acl ' 98 workshop call for papers + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + processing of dependency - based grammars + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + august 15 , 1998 universite de montreal montreal , quebec , canada http : / / tornade . ere . umontreal . ca / ~ polguera / eng / dgworkshop . html http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca this one-day workshop will be a meeting point for researchers interested in the implementation of dependency - based grammars ( dgs ) . it will be a forum for presenting different theoretical approaches to dgs , as well as strategies adopted for their implementation . although the focus of this workshop is on dgs , it also aims at establishing connections between different approaches to the modeling and implementation of grammatical phenomena . tou are invited to submit papers on the following , or related , topics : theoretical aspects - correspondence between semantic and syntactic structures ; - correspondence between syntactic structures and the surface text ; - interaction between lexical and grammatical knowledge ; - comparison between different dg approaches . implementations - natural language generation with dgs ; - parsing with dgs ; - building dependency-annotated corpora . additional issues - are """" pure """" dependency formalisms sufficient to account for all syntactic phenomena or do they need to be augmented with phrase structures ? - should dgs be considered as a simple notational variant of other types of formal grammars or are there deep reasons for adopting them ? each speaker will be given 30 minutes to present a paper followed by 15 minutes for questions / discussions . organizing committee sylvain kahane ( talana , universite paris 7 ) < sk @ ccr . jussieu . fr > alain polguere ( universite de montreal ) < polguera @ ere . umontreal . ca > requirement for submission - maximum length of 10 pages including figures and references - a4 or us letter format ; set margins so that the text lies within a rectangle of 6 . 5x9 inches ( 16 . 5x23 cm ) . - classical fonts such as times roman or computer modern , 11 to 12 points for text , 14 to 16 points for headings and title - latex users are encouraged to use the style file provided by acl : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / colaclsub . sty - papers should be submitted as hardcopies - - five ( 5 ) are required . - submissions should be sent to : alain polguere departement of linguistics and translation c . p . 6128 , succ . centre - ville montreal ( quebec ) h3c 3j7 canada deadlines - submissions due : march 15 , 1998 - notifications of acceptance : may 1 , 1998 - final manuscript due : june 15 , 1998 program comittee anne abeille ( u . paris 7 ) michael a . covington ( u . of georgia ) michel elhadad ( ben - gurion u . ) sylvain kahane ( u ; paris 7 ) dick hudson ( u . college london ) igor mel ' cuk ( u . de montreal ) alexis nasr ( u . d ' avignon ) alain polguere ( u . de montreal ) petr sgall ( charles u . ) jacques vergne ( u . de caen )
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 2524,""Subject: typology and theory
  
  call for papers the syllable : typology and theory a conference on the representation and the typology of the syllable will be held in teubingen , germany , from june the 30th till july the 2nd 1998 . there will be 9 slots for papers . travel expenses of speakers will be partially reimbursed . in addition to the 9 open slots , there are six invited speakers : stuart davis ( indiana university ) tracy allan hall ( zentrum fuer allgemeine sprachwissenschaft , berlin ) junko ito ( university of california at santa cruz ) john mccarthy ( university of massachusetts at amherst ) armin mester ( university of california at santa cruz ) marc van oostendorp ( hil / rijksuniversiteit leiden ) . abstracts are invited which focus on the following topics : - - the status of the syllable in the phonological theory - - phonotactics - - syllable weight - - interaction between the syllables and higher prosodic constituents - - diachronic studies papers will be 45 minutes plus 15 minutes for discussion . abstract submission . abstracts may not exceed 2 pages with at least a 1 inch margin on all four sides and should use a font not smaller than 12 pt . five anonymous copies accompanied by a camera-ready original with author \ 180s name , address , and affiliation should be sent to : syllable conference seminar f \ 252r sprachwissenschaft wilhelmstrasse 113 72074 t \ 252bingen germany deadline : 31st march1998 phone : + 49-7071 - 77304 , or + 49-7071 - 77315 email : caroline . fery @ uni-tuebingen . de , or ruben . van-de - vijver @ uni-tuebingen . de ruben van de vijver universitaet tuebingen seminar fuer sprachwissenschaft wilhelmstrasse 113 72074 tuebingen germany + 49-70712977315
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 2525,""Subject: available for review : syntax , optimality , acquisition
  
  the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . please do * not * simply point to an online cv or website , such messages will be ignored . syntax beerman , leblanc and van riemsdijk . 1997 . rightward movement . john benjamins . philadephia syntax , semantics and acquisition : crain and thornton . 1998 . investigations in universal grammar . a guide to experiments on the acquisition of syntax and semantics . mit press . cambridge . optimality and syntax barbosa , fox , hagstrom , mcginnis and pesetsky eds . 1998 . optimality and competition in syntax . mit press . cambridge .
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 2526,""Subject: 6th dgfs - summer school : ` language typology in mainz
  
  6th dgfs - summer school 1998 : """" language typology """" from august , 31 - september , 11 1998 at the johannes gutenberg - university mainz organizers : walter bisang / bernhard hiegl the 6th summer school of the german linguistic society ( dgfs ) will take place at the johannes gutenberg - university of mainz from august , 31 to september , 11 1998 . 1 . contents - 14 courses of 2 hours a day from monday to friday - plenary lectures and discussions every day - distinguished guest speakers participation will be certified . courses : courses entitled in german will be held in german ; courses entitled in english will be held in english - auer , peter ( hamburg ) : sprachtypologie und phonologie ( language typology and phonology ) - bisang , walter ( mainz ) : grammatikalisierung ( grammaticalization ) - cinque , guglielmo ( venice ) : the syntax and typology of adverbs and tense / mood / modality / aspect - comrie , bernard ( leipzig ) : typology of reference tracking - corbett , greville ( surrey ) : typology of gender systems and number systems - croft , william ( manchester ) : typology and cognition - foley , william ( sidney ) : comparative grammar of papuan languages - haspelmath , martin ( bamberg ) : morphologische typologie ( morphological typology ) - kornfilt , jaklin ( syracuse ) : theoretical perspectives in syntactic change - lehmann , christian ( bielefeld ) : typologie des yukatekischen ( typology of yucatec ) - plank , frans and lahiri , aditi ( konstanz ) : co - variation of phonology , morphology , and syntax ? the prospects for holistic typology - siewierska , anna ( lancaster ) : word order typology : synchrony and diachrony - stassen , leon ( nijmegen ) : typology as a reductionist method - stolz , thomas ( bremen ) : sprachliche konvergenz : areale und typologie ( linguistic convergence : areals and typology ) plenary lectures : - lehmann , christian ( bielefeld ) : sprachdokumentation : ein programm ( language documentation-a programme ) - foley , william ( sidney ) : the problem of precategoriality and symmetrical voice languages in the philippines - cinque , guglielmo ( venice ) : the universal structure of the clause : adverb phrases and tam heads - lahiri , aditi ( konstanz ) : grammaticalisation in germanic - stolz , thomas ( bremen ) : komitative - global und areal ( comitatives - globally and areally ) - siewierska , anna ( lancaster ) : agreement markers vs . bound pronouns - kornfilt , jaklin ( syracuse ) : remarks on types of agreement and case : a study in the historical morphosyntax of turkic languages - comrie , bernard ( leipzig ) : typology and the history of language - stassen , leon ( nijmegen ) : black and white languages : parameter clusters from a typological and areal perspective guest speakers : - haider , hubert ( salzburg ) : sprachvergleich in der formalen linguistik ( language comparison in formal linguistics ) - johanson , lars ( mainz ) : aspekt ( aspect ) - ramat , paolo ( pavia ) : sprachliche kategorien und kategorisierungen - van der auwera , johan ( antwerpen ) : areality in language typology ( with special reference to the problem of standard average european languages ) for a detailed schedule of the summer school please look at our homepage . however , it has been determined that the courses will be assigned to three timeblocks . the planned assignments to the individual blocks look like follows : 10 : 45 - 12 : 15 auer , corbett , comrie , siewierska , haspelmath 13 : 45 - 15 : 15 cinque , croft , foley , stolz 15 : 30 - 17 : 00 bisang , kornfilt , lehmann , plank / lahiri , stassen 2 . costs students / persons without income : non-member : dm 280 / 350 * dgfs - member : dm 252 / 315 * university employees / persons with income : non-member : dm 560 / 650 * dgfs - member : dm 504 / 585 * participants from ` countries with low salaries have to pay half of the students fees . * = participants fee after june , 30 1998 . 3 . accomodation there are accomodation possibilities on campus at very reasonable prices ( approximately 100 beds ) : 1 bed in a double room : approx . dm 170 , - for 2 weeks + deposit of dm 50 , - - the assignment follows after application in chronological order of requests . mediation of hotel rooms is also possible . 4 . application / information johannes gutenberg - universitat mainz institut fur allgemeine und vergleichende sprachwissenschaft fb 14 . 20 dgfs - summer school bernhard hiegl d-55099 mainz , germany phone / fax : + + 49 ( 0 ) 6131 / 39-3980 e-mail : lingtyp @ mail . uni-mainz . de homepage : http : / / www . uni-mainz . de / ~ lingtyp ( latest information and course descriptions here ! ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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 2527,""Subject: 2nd workshop on interlinguas cfp
  
  second workshop on interlinguas : call for papers from text to representation : second workshop on interlinguas tuesday , october 27 , 1998 ( preceding the amta 98 conference ) sheraton bucks county hotel , langhorne , pennsylvania [ http : / / crl . nmsu . edu / events / fwoi / secondworkshop / index . html ] the focus of this workshop will be a multi-lingual text and the task of representing aspects of that text using an interlingual representation ( il ) . the format is meant to encourage concrete discussion on how ils handle particular challenges , including , but not limited to , representation of : basic predicate / argument structure noun phrases / referents proper nouns prepositional meaning non-literal language temporal relations textual organization lexical divergences syntactic divergences submitters are invited to select some aspect or section of the text , in a single language , or a language pair / set , and submit a short position paper , describing the il representation for that aspect . in addition to providing concrete il representations and terms ( ontological entities / atoms ) , submitters are encouraged to focus also on the reasons why one would choose to define these particular terms , and the justification for defining in a particular way the relations , slots , and fillers of the term . papers should define the aspect to be discussed , identify instances in the text , provide a representation for these instances , and categorize the instances according to the treatment proposed . the papers will be collected and published as the proceedings of the workshop . submission of end-to - end output of an il system ( including and identifying relevant hand-crafted elements ) is especially encouraged . submissions could also propose theoretical justification for a particular framework , in particular how the building blocks of the system work in handling an aspect of the text . the workshop itself will consist of panels organized around the representational aspects selected by the participants . the panel presentations will be supplemented by periods for general discussion and other activities . ideally , the result of the workshop will be - in some cases , a consistent set of il expressions for the various problematic issues raised by the text and - in other cases , a clearer delineation of ( 1 ) how the various problematic issues in the text are treated in different ils and ( 2 ) the fundamental differences in approach that motivate these different il treatments . a final product of the workshop will be an outline of the issues discussed in determining whether combined il approaches are possible and / or desirable . these results will provide a basis for further workshops . the multi-lingual text will be available at http : / / crl . nmsu . edu / events / fwoi / secondworkshop / text . html in glossed english , french , spanish , chinese , arabic , german , russian , persian , italian , catalan , vietnamese , malay , greek , bulgarian , tamil , and portuguese versions , as they become available . notice of interest in participation : july 10 , 1998 ( to shelmrei @ crl . nmsu . edu ) ( please identify specifically what aspect of il representation you intend to address ) position paper submission : august 10 , 1998 notifications : september 10 , 1998 final copies of papers : october 10 , 1998 workshop : october 27 , 1998 submission may be in printed or electronic form ( latex , framemaker ) , but should follow acl style sheet ( available at http : / / www . cs . columbia . edu / ~ acl / home . html ) . submissions should be sent to : stephen helmreich computing research laboratory new mexico state university po box 30001 / 3crl las cruces , nm 88003 ( usa ) phone : ( 505 ) 646-2141 fax : ( 505 ) 646-6218 e-mail : shelmrei @ crl . nmsu . edu the registration fee for the conference is $ 50 . non - presenters will be accepted on a first-come , first served basis . a copy of the registration form is available at : http : / / crl . nmsu . edu / events / fwoi / secondworkshop / registration . html
 "",0
 2528,""Subject: icgi-98 call for papers
  
  call for participation fourth international colloquium on grammatical inference ( icgi-98 ) http : / / www . cs . iastate . edu / ~ icgi98 / icgi98 . html program co - chairs : vasant honavar and giora slutzki , iowa state university july 12-14 , 1998 iowa state university ames , iowa , usa . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cosponsored at iowa state university by international institute of theoretical and applied physics complex adaptive systems group iowa computational biology laboratory artificial intelligence research laboratory department of computer science in cooperation with american association for artificial intelligence ieee systems , man , and cybernetics society acl special interest group on natural language learning - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - introduction grammatical inference , variously refered to as automata induction , grammar induction , and automatic language acquisition , refers to the process of learning of grammars and languages from data . machine learning of grammars finds a variety of applications in syntactic pattern recognition , adaptive intelligent agents , diagnosis , computational biology , systems modelling , prediction , natural language acquisition , data mining and knowledge discovery . traditionally , grammatical inference has been studied by researchers in several research communities including : information theory , formal languages , automata theory , language acquisition , computational linguistics , machine learning , pattern recognition , computational learning theory , neural networks , etc . perhaps one of the first attempts to bring together researchers working on grammatical inference for an interdisciplinary exchange of research results took place under the aegis of the first colloquium on grammatical inference held at the university of essex in united kingdom in april 1993 . this was followed by the ( second ) international colloquium on grammatical inference , held at alicante in spain , the proceedings of which were published by springer - verlag as volume 862 of the lectures notes in artificial intelligence , and the third international colloquium on grammatical inference , held at montpellier in france , the proceedings of which were published by springer - verlag as volume 1147 of the lecture notes in artificial intelligence . following the success of these events and the workshop on automata induction , grammatical inference , and language acquisition , held in conjunction with the international conference on machine learning at nashville in united states in july 1997 , the fourth international colloquium on grammatical inference will be held from july 12 through july 14 , 1998 , at iowa state university in united states . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - topics of interest the conference seeks to provide a forum for presentation and discussion of original research papers on all aspects of grammatical inference including , but not limited to : * different models of grammar induction : e . g . , learning from examples , learning using examples and queries , incremental versus non-incremental learning , distribution-free models of learning , learning under various distributional assumptions ( e . g . , simple distributions ) , impossibility results , complexity results , characterizations of representational and search biases of grammar induction algorithms . * algorithms for induction of different classes of languages and automata : e . g . , regular , context-free , and context-sensitive languages , interesting subsets of the above under additional syntactic constraints , tree and graph grammars , picture grammars , multi-dimensional grammars , attributed grammars , parameterized models , etc . * theoretical and experimental analysis of different approaches to grammar induction including artificial neural networks , statistical methods , symbolic methods , information-theoretic approaches , minimum description length , and complexity-theoretic approaches , heuristic methods , etc . * broader perspectives on grammar induction - - e . g . , acquisition of grammar in conjunction with language semantics , semantic constraints on grammars , language acquisition by situated agents and robots , acquisition of language constructs that describe objects and events in space and time , developmental and evolutionary constraints on language acquisition , etc . * demonstrated or potential applications of grammar induction in natural language acquisition , computational biology , structural pattern recognition , information retrieval , text processing , adaptive intelligent agents , systems modelling and control , and other domains . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - program committee technical program chairs : vasant honavar and giora slutzki , iowa state university , usa . technical program committee : r . berwick , mit , usa a . brazma , european bioinformatics institute , cambridge , uk . m . brent , johns hopkins university , usa c . cardie , cornell university , usa w . daelemans , tilburg university , netherlands d . dowe , monash university , australia p . dupont , university jean monnet at st . etienne , france . d . estival , university of melbourne , australia j . feldman , international computer science institute , berkeley , usa l . giles , nec research institute , princeton , usa j . gregor , university of tennessee , usa c . de la higuera , university jean monnet at st . etienne , france a . itai , technion , israel t . knuutila , university of turku , finland j . koza , stanford university , usa k . lang , nec research institute , princeton , usa . m . li , university of waterloo , canada e . makinen , university of tampere , finland l . miclet , enssat , lannion , france . g . nagaraja , indian institute of technology , bombay , india h . ney , university of technology , aachen , germany j . nicolas , irisa , france r . parekh , allstate research and planning center , menlo park , usa l . pitt , university of illinois at urbana - champaign , usa d . powers , flinders university , australia l . reeker , national science foundation , usa y . sakakibara , tokyo denki university , japan . c . samuelsson , lucent technologies , usa a . sharma , university of new south wales , australia . e . vidal , u . politecnica de valencia , spain - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - local arrangements committee dale grosvenor , iowa state university , usa . k . balakrishnan , iowa state university , usa . r . bhatt , iowa state university , usa j . yang , iowa state university , usa . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - invited papers 1 . j . feldman , international computer science institute and university of california , berkeley , ca , usa . topic : natural language acquisition ( exact title to be announced ) . 2 . a . brazma , european bioinformatics institute , cambridge . topic : pattern discovery in biosequences . ( exact title to be announced ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tutorial ( s ) 1 . kolmogorov complexity and its applications , jack lutz , iowa state university . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - list of accepted papers 1 . stochastic regular tree language inference , rafael c . carrasco , jose oncina and jorge calera 2 . the data driven approach applied to the ostia algorithm , jose oncina 3 . approximate learning of random subsequential transducers , antonio castellanos 4 . how considering incompatible state mergings may reduce the dfa induction search tree , francois coste and jacques nicolas 5 . learning regular grammars to model musical style : comparing different coding schemes , p . p . cruz - alcazar and e . vidal - ruiz 6 . using symbol clustering to improve probabilistic automaton inference , pierre dupont and lin chase 7 . learning a subclass of context - free languages j . emerald , k . subramanian , and d . thomas 8 . learning a determinisitic finite automaton with a recurrent neural network , l firoiu , t oates , and p r cohen 9 . learning feature - based phrase - structure rules with the grammar inference tool , b . geistert 10 . learning stochastic finite automata from experts , colin de la higuera . 11 . a stochastic search approach to grammar induction hugues juille and jordan pollack 12 . grammar model and grammar induction in the system nl page , keselj 13 . results of the abbadingo one dfa learning competition and a new evidence driven state merging algorithm k . j . lang , b . a . pearlmutter and r . price 14 . transducer - learning experiments on language understanding pics and e . vidal 15 . learning k-variable pattern languages efficiently stochastically finite on average from positive data peter rossmanith and thomas zeugmann 16 . locally threshold testable languages in strict sense : application to the inference problem , jose ruiz , salvador espana , and pedro garcia 17 . grammatical inference in document recognition , saidi , tayeb - bey 18 . learning a subclass of linear languages from positive structural information , jose sempere and g . nagaraja 19 . why meaning helps learning syntax , isabelle tellier 20 . a performance evaluation of automatic survey classifiers , viechnicki 21 . applying grammatical inference by learning a language model for oral dialogue jacques chodorowski and laurent miclet 22 . a polynomial time incremental algorithm for learning dfa , r . parekh , c . nichitu , v . honavar - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - conference format and proceedings the conference will include oral and possibly poster presentations of accepted papers , a small number of tutorials and invited talks . all accepted papers will appear in the conference proceedings to be published by springer - verlag as a volume in the lecture notes in artificial intelligence which is part of the springer - verlag lecture notes in computer science series . instructions for preparation of camera - ready versions of accepted and invited papers for publication - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - financial support limited financial support might be available , subject to the availability of funds , for : * scientists ( especially junior researchers ) from developing countries , especially for those who can find other sources of support for extended visit at a us institution * graduate students and postdocs from us institutions additional details will be posted as they become available . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - for additional details , see http : / / www . cs . iastate . edu / ~ icgi98 / icgi98 . html
 "",0
 2529,""Subject: conf : computerm workshop at coling-acl ' 98
  
  computerm ' 98 workshop announcement first workshop on computational terminology when : august 15 , 1998 ( just after coling-acl98 ) where : university of montreal , montreal ( quebec , canada ) http : / / tornade . ere . umontreal . ca / ~ lhommem / coling / computerm . html context the workshop provides a forum to bring together researchers from the fields of computational linguistics , terminology , automated translation , information retrieval and lexicography who share an interest in computational aspects of terminology processing : acquisition , extraction , indexing , machine-aided thesaurus building , dictionary construction , etc . registration the number of participants to the workshop is limited . it is advisable to pre-register as soon as possible : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / fees . html additional information ( travel , accomodation , tourism . . . ) see the coling-acl98 conference main page at : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / mainpage . html paper presentation schedule : ( preliminary ) august 15 , 1998 saturday - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 : 45 - - 9 : 00 opening address 9 : 00 - - 9 : 30 david hull : """" a practical approach to terminology alignment """" 9 : 30 - - 10 : 00 akiko n . aizawa , kyo kageura : """" an approach to the automatic generation of multilingual keywords clusters """" 10 : 00 - - 10 : 30 ralf brown : """" automatically - extracted thesauri for cross-language ir : when better is worse """" 10 : 30 - - 10 : 45 coffee break 10 : 45 - - 11 : 45 first poster session 11 : 45 - - 12 : 15 fidelia ibekwe - sanjuan : """" building a prototype system for trends survey in a knowledge extraction program """" 12 : 15 - - 12 : 45 anne condamines , josette reyberolle """" ctkb : a corpus-based approach to a terminological knowledge base """" 12 : 45 - - 14 : 15 lunch 14 : 15 - - 14 : 45 toru hisamitsu ; yoshiki niwa : """" extraction of useful terms from parenthetical expressions by using simple rules and statistical measures - - a comparative evaluation of bigram statistics """" 14 : 45 - - 15 : 15 paul bowden , lindsay evett , peter halstead """" automatic acronym acquisition in a knowledge extraction program """" 15 : 15 - - 15 : 45 laura davidson , judy kavanagh , kristen mackintosh , ingrid meyer , douglas skuce : """" semi - automatic extraction of knowledge-rich contexts from corpora : examples and issues """" 15 : 45 - - 16 : 00 coffee break 16 : 00 - - 17 : 00 second poster session 17 : 00 - - 17 : 30 dekang lin : """" extracting collocations from text corpora """" 17 : 30 - - 18 : 00 hiroshi nakagawa , tatsunori mori : """" nested collocation and compound noun for term extraction """" posters : ( preliminary ) lee - feng chen , min - chan chen , chun - liang chen , bo - ren bai : """" internet - based chinese text corpus classification and domain-specific keyterm extraction """" hongyan jing , evelyne tzoukerman : """" improving retrieval with semantics and morphology """" kyo kageura , masaharu yoshioka , teruo koyama , toshihiko nozue : """" towards a common testbed for corpus-based computational terminology """" diana maynard , sofia ananiadou : """" acquiring contextual information for term disambiguation """" michael p . oakes , chris d . paice : """" term extraction for automatic abstracting """" antje schmidt - wigger : """" building consistent terminologies """" hinrich schuetze : """" hypercondex - - a hypertext concordance as a back-of - the-rule index """" scientific committee khurshid ahmad ( university of surrey , uk ) sophia ananiadou ( manchester metropolitan university , manchester , uk ) peter anick ( digital equipment corporation , usa ) teresa cabre ( university pompeu fabra , barcelone , spain ) ken church ( at&t labs research , usa ) anne condamines ( cnrs , toulouse , france ) bruce croft ( university of massachusetts , usa ) ido dagan ( bar ilan university , israel ) beatrice daille ( irin nantes , france ) pascale fung ( hong kong university of science and technology , hong kong ) eric gaussier ( xerox research centre europe , france ) gregory grefenstette ( xerox research centre europe , france ) stephanie haas ( university of north carolina , usa ) benoit habert ( limsi & ens fontenay - st cloud , france ) ulrich heid ( universitaet stuttgart , stuttgart , germany ) kyo kageura ( nacsis , tokyo , japan ) judith klavans ( columbia univesity , usa ) robert krovetz ( nec research institute , usa ) robert losee ( university of north carolina , usa ) ingrid meyer ( university of ottawa , ottawa , canada ) jian - yun nie ( university of montreal , montreal , canada ) padmini srinivasan ( the university of iowa , usa ) tomek strzalkowski ( general electric company , usa ) evelyne tzoukermann , ( bell labs innovations , lucent technologies , usa ) richard wojcik ( boeing company , usa ) pierre zweigenbaum ( ap-hp & universite paris 6 , france ) workshop organizers didier bourigault ( cnrs and universite paris xiii , paris , france ) christian jacquemin ( limsi , france ) marie - claude l ' homme ( universite de montreal , montreal , canada ) mailto : db @ lli . univ-paris 13 . fr jacquemin @ limsi . fr lhommem @ ere . umontreal . ca
 "",0
 2530,""Subject: new linguistics journal - syntaxis
  
  announcement and call for papers january 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - syntaxis new international journal for the study of syntax editor : montserrat martinez vazquez ( university of huelva , spain ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - in 1998 the university of huelva press will start publishing a new international journal : syntaxis . syntaxis will be a forum to report results of research in the area of syntax . it will accept for publication high-quality papers following any approach to syntax - - functionalist or formalist . both synchronic and diachronic studies will be accepted , as well as analyses of one particular language or cross-linguistic studies . papers dealing with the acquisition of syntax will also be considered for publication . one of the goals of this journal is to serve as a medium for the transaction of ideas between linguists working within different theoretical frameworks . thus , honoring its greek name syntaxis which means """" putting together . """" further ideas for the journal are welcome from all members of the international community of syntax scholars . post it please help to make this new journal known to others by forwarding this message to colleagues and / or by posting it on the mailing lists or discussion groups you subscribe to . call for papers please send in your contributions ( preferably in english ) to the editor by the end of november 1998 . for further information , contact the editor , or visit the journal 's web page : montserrat martinez editor of syntaxis servicio de publicaciones de la universidad de huelva av . de las fuerzas armadas s / n e - 21007 huelva montse @ uhu . es http : / / philologia . uhu . es / philologia / revistas / syntaxis / framesyn . htm
 "",0
 2531,""Subject: new books : bilingualism
  
  john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new titles in the field of language acquisition : government and code switching explaining american finnish helena halmari 1997 xvi , 276 pp . studies in bilingualism , 12 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 546 x price : us $ 89 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 4118 x price : hfl . 178 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com bilingual codeswitching is a complex , multifaceted phenomenon , which calls for explanations on several different linguistic levels . this volume focuses on one such level : the level of syntax . an explanation for the regularities and consistencies in the codeswitching patterns of american finns in their spontaneous conversations is sought for in the universal grammar - based principle of government as realized in case-assignment and agreement relations . a bulk of the finnish - english intrasentential data get their explanation on the structural , hierarchical level , but this level of syntax is found to be interestingly intertwined with sociolinguistic , psycholinguistic , and discourse levels , which all contribute to variation in codeswitching patterns . the proposed principle of government is seen as one important explanation in typologically certain kinds of language pairs such as finnish and english ; however , this principle is not treated as a monolithic constraint , bur rather as the leading tendency which is occasionally overridden by other than syntactic forces . the volume is intended as a complement - not as a contradiction - to earlier explanations of codeswitching phenomena . its main message is : while all linguistic levels contribute to the construction of bilingual speech , the importance of syntax can not be ignored . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
 "",0
 2532,""Subject: afro - asiatic languages
  
  fourth conference on afro-asiatic languages centre of african studies school of oriental & african studies london 25-27 th june 1998 invited speakers * : robert hoberman , suny john saeed , tcd baye yimam , aau * paul newman regrets that due to unforeseen circumstances he will be unable to attend as guest speaker as previously advertised . thursday , june 25 welcome by prof . r . j . hayward 09 : 00-10 : 00 robert hoberman , state university of new york : what is a binyan : maltese verb morphology 10 : 00-10 : 20 break 10 : 20-11 : 00 tali siloni , tel - aviv university : phonological case checking domain : the case of genitive 11 : 00-11 : 40 nili mandelblit , university of paris 7 : blending in hebrew causatives 11 : 40-12 : 20 mohamed naji , universities of paris x & viii : on the nature of the participial structures : the case of the semitic active participle 12 : 20 - 2 : 00 lunch 2 : 00 - 2 : 40 ruth kempson & malcolm edwards , soas & birkbeck college : resumptive pronouns in arabic & english 2 : 40 - 3 : 20 sabrina bendjaballah , university of paris 7 : some aspects of palatalization in somali 3 : 20 - 4 : 00 alain kihm , cnrs , paris : the berber construct state as subject marking 4 : 00 - 4 : 20 break 4 : 20 - 5 : 00 sharon rose , university of california - san diego : triple take : tigre and the case of internal reduplication 5 : 00 - 5 : 40 giuliano lancioni , university of rome 1 : noun phrases in amharic & standard arabic 5 : 40 - 6 : 20 hagit borer , university of southern california : the argument structure of causatives : a top - down approach 6 : 30 drinks party hosted by soas linguistics dept . friday , june 26 09 : 00-10 : 00 john saeed , trinity college dublin : 10 : 00-10 : 20 break 10 : 20-11 : 00 chris reintges , holland institute of generative linguistics : the correlation of verb movement , event semantics and subject agreement in older egyptian 11 : 00-11 : 40 david swinburne , soas : ' copular pronouns ' and the dynamics of hebrew 11 : 40-12 : 20 jamal ouhalla , queen mary & westfield , london : possession in sentences & in noun phrases 12 : 20 - 2 : 00 lunch 2 : 00 - 2 : 40 jacqueline lecarme , cnrs , nice : gender ' polarity ' and the nature of nominal number 2 : 40 - 3 : 20 james roberts , summer institute of linguistics - chad : feature spreading in mokulu noun plurals 3 : 20 - 4 : 00 mara frascarelli , university of rome 3 : long movement , """" that-trace """" effects and antiagreement in somali 4 : 00 - 4 : 20 break 4 : 20 - 5 : 00 degif petros , mit : classifying the subject agreement suffixes of semitic 5 : 00 - 5 : 40 edit doron , hebrew university , jerusalem : the passive participle in hebrew 5 : 40 - 6 : 20 business meeting 8 : 00 dinner saturday , june 27 09 : 00-10 : 00 baye yimam , addis ababa university : agreement phenomena in amharic 10 : 00-10 : 20 break 10 : 20-11 : 00 miriam engelhardt , hebrew university , jerusalem : definiteness and the construct form 11 : 00-11 : 40 shuly wintner , university of tbingen : definiteness agreement & inheritance in hebrew 11 : 40-12 : 20 melanie green , queen mary & westfield , london : the focus properties of copular sentences 12 : 20 - 2 : 00 lunch 2 : 00 - 2 : 40 ur shlonsky , university of geneva : copular constructions & subject positions in hebrew 2 : 40 - 3 : 20 philippe sgral , university of paris 7 : on phonological processes in the """" 3rd conjugation """" of somali 3 : 20 - 4 : 00 marco svolacchia & annarita pugielli , university of rome 3 : polysynthesis in east cushitic 4 : 00 - 4 : 20 break 4 : 20 - 5 : 00 abdellah chekayri & tobias scheer , al - akawayn university : the appearance of glides in classical arabic defective verbs 5 : 00 - 5 : 40 jean lowenstamm , university of paris 7 : the feminine & impersonal in chaha 5 : 40 - 6 : 20 abdelkader fassi fehri , mohammed v university : on strict adjacency in vs & nposs sequences conference site the conference * is hosted by the school of oriental and african studies . conference sessions will take place in the lower ground floor lecture theatre of the main building at soas . soas is located on the north-west corner of russell square . the nearest tube station is russell square on the piccadilly line . goodge st . on the northern line , euston square on the circle and metropolitan and euston main line station are 10 minutes walk away . * the conference is financed through the research committee of the school of oriental & african studies and the summer institute of linguistics . local committee : prof . r . j . hayward , dr . b . ingham , dr . j . ouhalla , ms . d . perrett . fees participants will be asked to pay a daily fee of 5 to cover conference expenses . accommodation accommodation will be arranged at dinwiddy house , the soas students residence , in single study bedrooms with en-suite shower , toilet and handbasin . rooms will be available from wednesday 24th june at 22 per night for bed & breakfast . please confirm your reservation as soon as possible using the accommodation form below . dinwiddy house is located on pentonville road not far from kings cross station 10-15 minutes walk from soas . participants will need to make their own way , on foot or by local transport ( 73 bus ) , to the conference site each day . details of hotel accommodation in the russell square area can be supplied on request . all correspondence should be addressed to : denise perrett , centre of african studies , school of oriental & african studies , russell square , london , wc1h 0xg tel : 0181-964 - 9141 fax : 0171-323 - 6254 e-mail : cal @ soas . ac . uk accommodation form please indicate below which accommodation options you want to take . it may also help us to know your travel plans . please complete the form and e-mail it to cal @ soas . ac . uk name : e-mail address : 1 . i wish to book bed & breakfast accommodation at dinwiddy house at 22 / twenty two pounds sterling per night ( payable on arrival ) for the following nights - 24th june yes / no 25th june yes / no 26th june yes / no 27th june yes / no 2 . i would like to receive information on hotel accommodation in the russell square area . yes / no 3 . i have made independent accommodation arrangements . yes / no 4 . i plan to travel by - airport : arrival date : arrival time : flight no : air _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ train _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 . i require information on ( other , please specify ) : travel to london ( directions designed for destination soas residence . ) arriving by air : heathrow - underground piccadilly line to king 's cross . gatwick - rail link to king 's x . luton - rail link train to king 's x . city - docklands railway & underground connections . arriving by rail : waterloo - from eurostar terminal change to underground for king 's x ( northern line to leicester square change to piccadilly for king 's x or bakerloo changing to piccadilly line at piccadilly circus ) . other main line stations - change to underground for connections to king 's x . arriving by car : directions available on request . car parking is a major problem in central london . taxis : metered cab ranks at all airports and main line stations . the walk from king 's cross station to dinwiddy house is 0 . 5 km . those with heavy luggage may prefer to take a taxi from the station .
 "",0
 2533,""Subject: third international icsc symposia
  
  third international icsc symposia on intelligent industrial automation ( iia ' 99 ) http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca / iia99 . htm and soft computing ( soco ' 99 ) http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca / soco99 . htm june 1 - 4 , 1999 at the palazzo ducale in genova , italy introduction the international symposia on intelligent industrial automation ( iia ' 99 ) and soft computing ( soco ' 99 ) intend to encompass short-to - long-term effects of advanced information technology , soft computing and other related ' intelligent technolgies ' in application fields such as industrial automation , control , diagnostics , computer vision , robotics , speech recognition and machine translation . the general aim of the symposia is to address and underline the existing and emerging relationships between automation , manufacturing and intelligent technolgies , with particular emphasis on soft computing . contributions are sought on intelligent automation and manufacturing with emphasis on current and potential applications , with a broad interest in all the engineering disciplines , computer science and related technology fields . following the success of iia / soco ' 96 ( reading , england ) and iia / soco ' 97 ( nmes , france ) , the third symposium will be held in genova , italy . the iia / soco series have established themselves as a platform for scientists and practitioners from academic , governmental and industrial institutions to discuss new developments and results in the field of intelligent technologies . a further follow-up conference has already been scheduled for the year 2001 in paisley , scotland . purpose of iia ' 99 and soco ' 99 advances in soft computing and related techniques : theory and applications . ait ( advanced information technology ) is one of the major technological drivers in the advancement of modern society . nowadays any major achievement , related to any field of research , is strongly supported by proper ait based tools . very often , such achievements have only been possible after a proper ait approach has been designed and implemented . it is widely known that ait has a very strong impact on society itself , radically changing the skills and competencies required in order to contribute to the everyday human environment . given that nowadays the major effort in ait development is spent in the so called ' soft - computing ' arena and that some of the major and indeed , surprising , achievements in industrial applications come from the application of soft-computing techniques , the two symposia ( iia ' 99 and soco ' 99 ) will have many common areas of interest , namely : - neural networks - fuzzy logic - genetic algorithms - chaos theory - ai and expert systems - machine learning - pattern recognition and image understanding the programs of the two conferences will , however , reflect different themes : - iia ' 99 will be directed toward the medium-to - short term , application driven , research area in intelligent technologies . - soco ' 99 is directed toward the long term research in area of soft computing in order to try to overcome the usual borderline existing between theory and application , the two symposia are run jointly , organized in a way to have partial overlap with some joint sessions and some common plenary sessions . aim of iia ' 99 / soco ' 99 1 . to give both a wide and a deep view of advances in ait advancement offered by soft-computing technologies . 2 . to give both the industrial and academic researcher the opportunity to discuss together real problems and opportunities . 3 . to collect ' best practice ' and information on how to perform experiments , tests and design products and processes embedding and / or using soft-computing technologies . 4 . to explicitly and actively function as a ' technology broker ' , giving the opportunity for people to become aware of new problems and possible solutions and giving the possibility of finding technological partners for joint research and / or future application programs . topics of iia ' 99 iia ' 99 will include contributions in the research area of soft computing application and , more in general , related to medium-to - short term and application driven developments advanced information technology and industrial intelligent technology . particular emphasis will be laid on industrial realization , experimental application , application methodology development and / or formalization , quantitative and qualitative problem modeling . contributions are sought mainly in the areas based on the list below : a ) industrial area - industry - energy - transportation - services - consumer - etc . b ) high - tech area - innovative control and diagnostics - computer vision - robotics and remote sensing - speech recognition and machine translation - etc . c ) green - tech area - intelligent resource management - intelligent pollutant management - user behavior modeling - intelligent traffic control - etc . topics of soco ' 99 soco ' 99 will include contributions on long term research ( theory development , enhanced approaches , formal methods comparisons , applications , etc . ) in the area of soft-computing . contributions are sought in areas based on the list below , which is indicative only . - neural networks - fuzzy logic - rough sets - genetic algorithms and evolutionary computing - chaos theory - ai and expert systems - probabilistic reasoning - machine learning - learning algorithms and intelligent control - pattern recognition and image understanding - distributed intelligence - self - organizing systems - fuzzy databases and information retrieval - educational aspects of soft computing special session a special session on ' intelligent systems in control and process optimization ' including a plenary lecture is sponsored by the ifs network and organized by alberto servida , italy . contributions are welcome . conference location the symposia will be held at the palazzo ducale , a beautiful historic building in the city centre of genova , italy sponsors iia ' 99 and soco ' 99 are sponsored by : - ansaldo s . p . a . - disi - department of computer and information sciences at the university of genoa , italy - commune di genova , italy - university of genova , italy - cybernetics and biophysics national group of the national research council - ieee neural network council italian regional interest group - international neural networks society and inns special interest group italy - thematic network ifs ( intelligent forecasting system for refineries and power systems ) - icsc international computer science conventions , canada / switzerland iia ' 99 symposium committee - honorary chair yutaka kuwahara , r & d centre , hitachi europe ltd . - symposium chair riccardo parenti , ansaldo ricerche , genova , italy - symposium vice chair colin fyfe , university of paisley , scotland , u . k . - scientific secretary carla penno , ansaldo ricerche , genova , italy - international scientific committee roberto baratti , italy zeungnam bien , korea piero bonissone , usa pierre borne , france hans - heinrich bothe , switzerland / germany abhay bulsari , finland daniele caviglia , italy vincent chapurlat , france raja chatila , france richard d . colbaugh , usa anna maria colla , italy clarence w . de silva , canada h . a . donegan , u . k . jos r . dorronsorro , spain patrick gallinari , france edoardo gilardi , italy madan m . gupta , canada henry h . hexmoor , usa r . j . howlett , u . k charles mclean , usa antony a . maciejewski , usa janine magnier , france franco masulli , italy fazel naghdy , australia saeid nahavandi , australia charles c . nguyen , usa david pearson , france duc t . pham , u . k . brian roffel , netherlands alberto servida , italy peter vas , u . k . leonello zaquini , italy jacek m . zurada , usa soco ' 99 symposium committee - honorary chair antonio di nola , university di napoli federico ii , naples , italy - symposium chair francesco masulli , university of genoa , italy - symposium vice chair colin fyfe , university of paisley , scotland , u . k . - international scientific committee henry abarbanel , usa ethem alpaydin , turkey peter g . anderson , usa valeriu beiu , usa gerardo beni , usa franco bignone , italy freimut bodendorf , germany andrej dobnikar , slovenia marco dorigo , belgium gerard dray , france marco gori , italy hans hellendoorn , netherlands laszlo koczy , hungary mohammad jamshidi , usa james keller , usa bart kosko , usa ludmila kuncheva , u . k . franz kurfess , usa sadaaki miyamoto , japan claudio moraga , germany pietro morasso , italy francesco carlo morabito , italy david w . pearson , france rjean plamondon , canada henrik saxen , finland george d . smith , u . k . nigel steele , u . k . leonard studer , switzerland yoshinori uesaka , japan call for papers prospective authors are requested to send a draft paper ( maximum 7 pages ) for review by the international scientific committee . all submissions must be written in english , starting with a succinct statement of the problem , the results achieved , their significance and a comparison with previous work , as well as a list of references . the submissions should also include : - title of conference ( soco ' 99 or iia ' 99 ) - type of paper ( regular , demonstration , tutorial or invited ) - title of proposed paper - authors names , affiliations , addresses - name of author to contact for correspondence - e - mail address and fax # of contact author - topics which best describe the paper ( max . 5 keywords ) - short c . v . of authors contributions are welcome from those working in industry and having experience in the topics of this symposium as well as from academics . symposium language is english . invited sessions , tutorial papers , demonstrations and contributions to the special session on ' intelligent systems in control and process optimization ' are also encouraged . submission of papers submissions must be sent by september 10 , 1998 either by - electronic mail ( recommended ) to operating @ icsc . ab . ca ( text , postscript or word files ) or - fax to icsc canada + 1-403 - 387-4329 or - airmail ( 2 copies ) to : icsc canada p . o . box 279 millet , ab t0c 1z0 canada important dates submission of draft papers : september 10 , 1998 notification of acceptance : november 30 , 1998 delivery of final papers : january 31 , 1999 tutorials and workshops : june 1 , 1999 iia ' 99 / soco ' 99 symposia : june 2 - 4 , 1999 further information for more detailed information , please consult the following websites : - iia ' 99 : http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca / iia99 . htm - soco ' 99 : http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca / soco99 . htm or forward any questions to the conference organizer mailto : operating @ icsc . ab . ca conference organizer icsc international computer science conventions p . o . box 279 millet , alberta t0c 1z0 canada email : mailto : operating @ icsc . ab . ca url : http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca fax : + 1-403 - 387-4329 ( after january 25 , 1999 : + 1-780 - 387-4329 ) phone : + 1-403 - 387-3546 ( after january 25 , 1999 : + 1-780 - 387-3546 )
 "",0
 2534,""Subject: 1999 genetic and evolutionary computation
  
  invitation to become a member of the program committee for the 1999 genetic and evolutionary computation conference ( gecco-99 ) http : / / www-illigal . ge . uiuc . edu / gecco / greetings : the 1999 genetic and evolutionary computation conference ( gecco ) would like to invite recent authors of papers related to genetic and evolutionary computation ( gec ) to become members of the program committee of the gecco conference to be held on july 13-17 , 1999 in orlando , florida . as you may know , the 1999 genetic and evolutionary computation conference ( gecco ) will be a combined meeting of the eighth international conference on genetic algorithms ( icga ) and the fourth annual genetic programming conference ( gp ) in cooperation with the american association for artificial intelligence ( aaai ) , parallel problem solving from nature ( ppsn ) steering committee , the international conference on evolvable systems ( ices ) steering committee , and other organizations and conferences to be announced . gecco will be held in lieu of icga-99 and gp-99 , and as such , it combines the oldest continuously running gec conference , and the two largest gec conferences . we believe that the gecco conference in 1999 will be a unique opportunity to bring together an exceptionally large number of people from all facets of genetic and evolutionary computation . being on the program committee will involve reading , reviewing , and ranking about half a dozen submitted papers on genetic and evolutionary computation or related areas during the month of february 1999 . ( the paper submission deadline for gecco-99 is wednesday , january 27 , 1999 ) . the willingness of active contributors to help the conference in this way is absolutely critical to the success of gecco . in the past , some have complained that their point of view has been excluded from the review process . by agreeing to join us , active gec researchers will help make the gecco review process fair , open , and broadly participatory . as part of the charter establishing this conference , extraordinary steps have been taken to ensure that ( 1 ) review representation is exceptionally broad and ( 2 ) the traditions , norms , and standards of the different flavors of gec are respected . let us take a brief moment to explain how this will be done . first , the charter of the conference says that reviewers are automatically invited based on their recent contribution of a peer-reviewed publication : a person may be a reviewer for the conference if he or she is an author of at least one peer-reviewed paper in a journal , conference proceedings book , or collected book of papers published since january 1 , 1995 involving any aspect or combinations of aspects of [ genetic and ] evolutionary computation . thus , becoming a reviewer is even-handedly based on recency of peer-reviewed contribution . second , gecco explicitly recognizes and respects the different traditions of different sub-fields within gec and related disciplines . as such , the conference has established six different tracks each with its own chair / editor : 1 . evolution strategies / evolutionary programming ( es / ep ) . a . e . eiben , gusz @ wi . leidenuniv . nl 2 . genetic algorithms / classifier systems ( ga / cs ) . robert e . smith , rsmith @ btc . uwe . ac . uk 3 . genetic programming / evolvable hardware ( gp / eh ) . wolfgang banzhaf ( also proceedings editor - in - chief ) , banzhaf @ ls11 . informatik . uni-dortmund . de 4 . artificial life , adaptive behavior , and agents ( aaa ) . vasant honavar , honavar @ cs . iastate . edu 5 . dna and molecular computing ( dna / mc ) . max h . garzon , mgarzon @ memphis . edu 6 . real - world applications ( rwa ) . mark jakiela , mjj @ mecf . wustl . edu these separate """" demes """" will establish separate rules and standards for paper acceptance based on the practices within the sub-discipline . in this way , we hope to more closely group """" birds of a feather """" and thereby avoid the rejection of high quality papers by reviewers who are less than familiar with the standards that should apply to a particular kind of paper . with this kind of carefully constructed process , we believe that a large number of recent gec authors will choose to join the program committee . if you are willing to be a member ( reviewer ) of the program committee , please email gecco @ aaai . org ( note : please do not use a """" reply """" command to respond to this message since dave goldberg will be out of town for most of june ) and send the following information : ( 1 ) the exact way you want your name listed , ( 2 ) the institutional affiliation you want listed with your name , ( 3 ) your physical mailing address , ( 4 ) your phone number ( for courier address labels ) , ( 5 ) your preferred e-mail address , ( 6 ) which of the six committees you would like to join ( gp / eh , ga / cs , or es / ep , aaa , dna / mc , or rwa ) , and if you have a preference for one of the sub-categories within that committee ( gp and / or eh , ga and / or cs , es and / or ep , alife and / or adaptive behavior and / or agents , dna and / or mc ) . ( 7 ) the title , date , and publication name of a peer-reviewed gec or related paper ( published after january 1 , 1995 ) that qualifies you as a member of the gecco committee ( a complete citation is unnecessary ) . authors who choose to join the gecco program committee will be acknowledged in the conference proceedings as well as in various editions of the calls for papers , the conference brochure , and advertising . physical copies of the papers will be sent to reviewers by ups courier service in late january 1999 , and the review form will be sent by e-mail . reviewers will be given several weeks to read and review the papers . reviews are returned by e-mail directly to the aaai . the reviewer 's name is removed from the message by the aaai before the review is forwarded to the chair of the appropriate track and ( eventually ) the submitting author . if a reviewer 's physical mailing address or e-mail address changes between now and february 1999 , the conference office ( gecco @ aaai . org ) should be notified as soon as possible . although the conference is over a year away , we already have an outstanding lineup of chairs , editors , senior members , and tutorial speakers ( see http : / / www-illigal . ge . uiuc . edu / gecco / ) . the editors / chairs have already been mentioned , but among those joining us as senior committee members are thomas baeck , hans - georg beyer , michael conrad , ingo rechenberg , guenter rudolph , bir bhanu , bill p . buckles , runwei cheng , marco colombetti , herbert dawid , marco dorigo , emanuel falkenauer , mitsuo gen , randy l . haupt , sue ellen haupt , john h . holland , kim f . man , dirk c . mattfeld , zbigniew michalewicz , melanie mitchell , k . s . tang , michael d . vose , david andre , vladan babovic , forrest h bennett iii , tobias blickle , dimitris c . dracopoulos , frank d . francone , andreas geyer - schulz , wolfgang a . halang , hitoshi iba , christian jacob , martin keane , robert e . keller , john r . koza , sam kwong , w . b . langdon , peter nordin , and moshe sipper . among those joining us for an extensive offering of tutorials are rik belew , forrest h bennett iii , lawrence davis , kalyanmoy deb , ken dejong , stephanie forrest , max garzon , tetsuya higuchi , john r . koza , w . b . langdon , jean - arcady meyer , melanie mitchell , randy c . murphy , peter nordin , i . c . parmee , guenter rudolph , hans - paul schwefel , leigh tesfatsion , michael vose , darrell whitley , and stewart wilson . other workshop and tutorial proposals as well as ideas for invited speakers and other activities may be sent to the business committee ( deg @ uiuc . edu or koza @ cs . stanford . edu ) . as active researchers ourselves , we understand that it is difficult to take time away from research for the """" administrivia """" of the reviewing process . but researchers are often the first to complain when their conferences are guided by """" political """" not """" scientific """" considerations . therefore we ask that all qualified committee candidates take this invitation very seriously , and we urge you to step up to the plate to make sure that the technical content of this conference is guided by our field 's active contributors ( qualified reviewers should send an email with the requested information above to gecco @ aaai . org ; please do not use a """" reply """" command to answer this message ) . names of reviewers who respond before july 1 , 1999 will be published in the first call for papers . moreover , we issue a special invitation to past authors to consider submitting to gecco 99 . although gecco is a new entity it is the combine of the oldest and the two largest , high-quality conferences in the field of genetic and evolutionary computation . with six separate demes for different styles of work and a participatory review process , we expect an unusually author-friendly conference . additionally , past attendance at icga and gp suggests that we should have over 600 researchers in attendance , but we will take steps to make sure that there is plenty of time for face-to - face meeting and interaction as well . in short , we believe that gecco-99 will be a special event for the community of genetic and evolutionary computation . we hope you can take the time to join us in the review process and we welcome your paper submission , but in any event we look forward to seeing you in orlando , july 13-17 , 1999 at gecco-99 . thank you , david e . goldberg ( illinois ) gecco-99 conference chair and business committee and john r . koza ( stanford ) gecco-99 business committee note : again , please do not use a """" reply """" command to answer this message . instead , respond to gecco @ aaai . org for fastest handling .
 "",0
 2535,""Subject: anglo - american studies
  
  first announcement and call for papers for the 1999 issue of op . cit . : a journal of anglo - american studies , published by apeaa , the portuguese association for anglo - american studies modernisms and postmodernisms in english studies : accounting for the century the 20th century has witnessed the growth , developments and border-crossings of english studies as a major , complex , multidisciplinary , multicultural field . alongside ( not seldom in dialogue and confrontation with ) the established english of literary studies , for many decades dominant in many ways and places , also language and culture studies have , with their various disciplines , methods and perspectives , moved centre-stage and re-shaped , re-defined , and re-orientated the field . it is the history of english studies in the century now drawing to its close that op . cit . : a journal of anglo - american studies invites prospective contributors to focus on and study : its significant chapters , individual authors and intellectual formations , periods and theoretical constellations ; its disciplinary , interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary modes and approaches , its dominant , residual and emergent strategies and discourses ; its established and new linguistic codes ( english vs . english ) ; its horizons , mappings and accents ; its institutionally constituted scholarship ( s ) and its innovative projects . the theme proposed , modernisms and postmodernisms in english studies : accounting for the century , offers one version of the narrative of beginnings , transitions and changes in english studies in our century , one starting point for analysis , and one opportunity for alternative versions . deadline for 2 - 3 , 000 - word position and 7 - 8 , 000 - word papers : sept . 30 , 1998 . submissions in diskette and two hard copies . op . cit . is a refereed journal . all contributions should be submitted anonymously ( author 's name and address , and full title of the article on a separate sheet ) for more information contact alvaro pina , editor , ferpi @ mail . telepac . pt carlos a . m . gouveia , assistant editor , carlosmg @ fc . ul . pt material mail address : prof . alvaro pina ( or prof . carlos a . m . gouveia ) depto estudos anglsticos , faculdade de letras , universidade de lisboa cidade universitaria 1699 lisboa codex , portugal fax no . + 351 - 1-7960063 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - carlos a . m . gouveia dept . estudos anglisticos faculdade de letras da univ . de lisboa cidade universitaria 1699 lisboa codex portugal fax : ( 351 ) ( 1 ) 796 00 63 e-mail : carlosmg @ fc . ul . pt
 "",0
 2536,""Subject: semantics
  
  we would like to bring to your attention to two new publications from john benjamins publishing in the field of semantics : adverbs of degree in dutch and related languages henny klein 1998 x , 232 pp . lingvistic aktuell / linguistics today , 21 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 905 8 price : us $ 62 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 2742 x price : nlg 124 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com adverbs of degree form an intriguing part of the lexicon : numerous , multiform and ever-changing with a great variety in distribution . in this study , the characteristics of adverbs of degree are investigated from a semantic point of view . the main focus is on dutch , but previous studies about english and german adverbs of degree are used to compare with and to build on . topics include absoluteness versus gradability , positive versus negative evaluation , the strengthening of negation , polarity sensitivity , the logical properties of the adverbs themselves , and restrictions to reduplication and stacking . besides the main text , three case studies are presented in which the peculiarities of some of the adverbs are investigated in depth to show more in detail the complexities of their distribution . recent trends in meaning-text theory leo wanner , ed . 1998 xx , 202 pp . studies in language companion series , 39 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 925 2 price : us $ 59 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3042 0 price : nlg 118 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com the present volume contains articles of well-known representatives of meaning - text theory ( mtt ) and other related linguistic theories . the focus of the volume is on semantics , semantic representation and relation of semantics to surface in mtt . founded by i . mel ' cuk and a . zholkovsky in the sixties in moscow , mtt soon became known in the west as a """" prominent outsider """" theory . the picture has changed since then , though , as mtt gained importance in several areas of linguistics and computational linguistics . it has influenced the design of new grammar formalisms such as dependency tree grammars . also , specific parts of mtt have been directly taken into other theories ; as , for example , the work on integrating lexical functions into pustejovsky 's generative lexicon . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
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 2537,""Subject: new books : translation
  
  john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new titles in the field of translation : translation and creation . readings of western literature in early modern china , 1840-1918 david e . pollard ( ed . ) 1998 vi , 336 pp . benjamins translation library , 25 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 709 8 price : us $ 85 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 1628 2 price : nlg 170 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com in the late qing period , from the opium war to the 1911 revolution , china absorbed the initial impact of western arms at first , then manufactures , science and culture - in that order . this volume of essays deals with the reception of western literature in china , on the evidence of translations made . having to overcome chinese assumptions of cultural superiority , the perception that the west had a literature worth notice grew only gradually . it was not until the very end of the 19th century that a translation of a western novel ( la dame aux camelias ) achieved popular acclaim . but this opened the floodgates ; in the first decade of the 20th century , more translated fiction was published than original fiction . translators ' strategies and creativity . selected papers from the 9th international conference on translation and interpreting . in honor of jiri levy and anton popovic ann beylard - ozeroff , jana krlov & barbara moser - mercer ( eds . ) 1998 xiv , 230 pp . benjamins translation library , 27 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 711 x price : $ 65 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 1630 4 price : nlg 130 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this volume brings together a selection of papers presented at the ixth international conference on translation and interpreting , prague , september 1995 , co-organized by the institute of translation studies , charles university , prague , and the ecole de traduction et d ' interprtation , university of geneva . the conference was dedicated to the work of jiri levy and anton popovic and focused on the vital role played by translators ' strategies and their creativity in the translation process . contributions by : j . krlov and b . moser - mercer ; r . voyat ; g . quillard ; e . osers ; o . carbonell cortes ; e . hung ; m . morris ; d . tellinger ; z . jettmarova ; a . kruger ; j . milton ; a . pym ; r . van den broeck ; f . chaume varela ; z . fiser ; c . jurchott ; k . kinga ; e . nida ; g . hansen ; v . ivir ; l . gran ; i cenkova ; k . jonason ; r . mackenzie ; m . piotrowska ; a . riccardi ; s . roiss and j . weatherby ; b . alexieva . the changing scene in world languages . issues and challenges . marian b . labrum , ( ed . ) 1997 160 pp . ata scholarly monographs series , ix us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 628 8 price : $ 49 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3184 2 price : nlg 98 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com the 1997 ata volume brings together articles on translation practice into the 21st century . contributions deal with the information age , multilingualism in europe , english as a lingua franca , terminology standardization , translating for the media , and new directions in translator training . a comprehensive bibliography of dissertations makes this a useful reference tool . contributions by : p . bush ; t . cabre ; m . del camino ; c . dollerup ; o . diaz fouces ; m . gaddis rose ; d . hague ; m . labrum ; r . mayoral and d . kelly ; e . nida ; j . and d . smart . text typology and translation . anna trosborg , ( ed . ) 1997 xvi , 342 pp . benjamins translation library , 26 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 710 1 price : $ 89 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 1629 0 price : nlg 178 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this book breaks new ground in translation theory and practice . part i deals with methodological aspects and offers a typology of translations both as product and as process . part ii is devoted to domain-specific texts in a cross-cultural perspective , while part iii is concerned with terminology and lexicon as well as the constraints of mode and medium involving dubbing and subtitling as translation methods . sonnets , sagas , fairy tales , novels and feature films , sermons , political speeches , international treaties instruction leaflets , business letters , academic lectures , academic articles , medical research articles , technical brochures and legal documents are but some of the texts under investigation . in sum , this volume provides a theoretical overview of major problems and possibilities as well as investigations into a variety of text types with practical suggestions that deserve to be weighted by anyone considering the relation between text typology and translation . the volume is indispensable for the translator in his / her efforts to become a """" competent text-aware professional """" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
 "",0
 2538,""Subject: inversion in romance
  
  call for papers twenty years after the publication in linguistic inquiry of richard kayne and jean - yves pollock 's influential article on stylistic inversion , the university of amsterdam will host a workshop on inversion in the romance languages . the goal of this workshop is to get a clear picture of the insights the last twenty years have produced with respect to the syntactic and interpretative principles that govern inversion and the way they interact . inversion in romance university of amsterdam 28 - 29 may 1998 holland institute of generative linguistics ( hil ) utrecht institute of linguistics ( uil ) keynote speakers : richard kayne & jean-yves pollock adriana belletti k . tarald taraldsen maria luisa zubizarreta also scheduled are presentations by sergio baauw , joao costa , joost dekkers , vieri samek - lodovici and maarten de wind . to enhance the scope of the workshop , the program will include 6 presentations by selected speakers . these presentations are allotted approximately 30 minutes . those who are interested in submitting a paper containing original work on any aspect of inversion in romance are invited to send 5 anonymous copies of an abstract not exceeding 2 pages , plus one camera-ready original containing the author 's name , address , affiliation and e-mail address . abstracts submitted by e-mail or fax within the deadline are accepted on condition that a camera-ready original is received within 1 week . deadline for submission of abstracts is 5 february 1998 abstracts should be sent to the following address : aafke hulk university of amsterdam e - mail : inversion @ let . uva . nl department of french phone : 31-20 - 5254635 spuistraat 134 fax : 31-20 - 5254429 1012 vb amsterdam , the netherlands more information can be found on the www : http : / / www . leidenuniv . nl / hil / confs / inversion organizing committee : aafke hulk , denis delfitto , joost dekkers , petra sleeman , els verheugd , maarten de wind . sponsors : royal dutch academy of sciences ( knaw ) , holland institute of generative linguistics ( hil ) , netherlands organization for scientific research ( nwo ) , utrecht institute of linguistics ( uil ) .
 "",0
 2539,""Subject: lrec workshop announcement
  
  call for participation towards a european evaluation infrastructure for nl and speech . a workshop jointly organised by the european network of excellence in language and speech elsnet and the cec language engineering-4 project else to be held on wednesday may 27 , 9 : 00-13 : 00 at the first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain right now , a generic framework for semi-automatic quantitative black-box evaluation of speech and nlp systems does not exist in europe . when confronted to a choice , developers and users prefer to ask the opinion of local experts as any other way of processing is either unrealistic or too costly . the le4 project else aims at providing developers with a generic strategy and definition of the primary building blocks needed to implement a semi-automatic quantitative black-box evaluation scheme . prominent speakers from the field will be invited to present papers addressing motivation , advantages , but also problems in connection with the implementation of such an evaluation scheme at an international scale . topics include e . g . the multilingual nature of evaluation , lessons from the past ( in europe and the us ) , the need for language resources . at the workshop the first intermediate results of the else project will be presented and discussed . this call serves to invite interested parties to active participation in the workshop . during the workshop , ample opportunity will be provided for the participants to react to the presentation of the else project , and the talks by the invited speakers . furthermore participants will be given the opportunity to give brief position statements . the workshop is very timely as it takes place when the ec 's 5th framework programme is taking shape . it is clear that the availability of a european evaluation infrastucture can be an important factor in european r&d activities , and that it can only be successful if it is organized and implemented on a european scale . programme committee the workshop will be coorganized by elsnet and else . the programme committee will consist of the participants in the else le project : niels ole bernsen jean - pierre chanod khalid choukri robert gaizauskas steven krauwer isabelle de lamberterie joseph mariani klaus netter patrick paroubek martin rajman antonio zampolli contact steven krauwer trans 10 , 3512 jk utrecht , the netherlands phone : + 31 30 253 6050 fax : + 31 30 253 6000 email : steven . krauwer @ let . ruu . nl registration the registration fee for the workshop will be : 10 , 000 pesetas for those not attending lrec 5 , 000 pesetas for those attending lrec these fees will include a coffee break and the proceedings of the workshop . participation in the workshop will be limited by the venue . requests for participation will be processed on a first come first served basis . conference information general information about the conference can be found at : http : / / www . icp . inpg . fr / elra / conflre . html specific queries about the conference should be directed to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain tel : + 34 58 24 41 00 fax : + 34 58 24 41 04 email : reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es
 "",0
 2540,""Subject: kbcs-98 call for papers
  
  k b c s-98 call for papers international conference on knowledge based computer systems national centre for software technology mumbai , india december 17-18 , 1998 the international conference on knowledge based computer systems will be held in mumbai , india during december 17-18 , 1998 . the conference is intended to act as a forum for promoting interaction among researchers in the field of artificial intelligence in india and abroad . there will be a one and a half day conference during december 17-18 , 1998 followed by a half day of post-conference tutorials on december 18 , 1998 . papers are invited on substantial , original and unpublished research on all aspects of artificial intelligence , including , but not limited to the following : o ai applications o ai architectures o automatic programming o cognitive modeling o expert systems o foundations of ai o genetic algorithms o information retrieval o intelligent agents o intelligent tutoring systems o knowledge acquisition o knowledge representation o machine learning o machine translation o natural language processing o neural networks o planning and scheduling o reasoning o robotics o search techniques o speech processing o theorem proving o uncertainty handling o vision format of submission authors should submit their papers , not to exceed 5000 words ( including figures and references ) either electronically or in hard copy . papers should be in english . papers should include an abstract of about 100-200 words in length . papers outside the specified length are subject to rejection without review . since reviewing will be """" blind """" , the authors ' names and affiliations along with the main area of the paper should be given only on a separate cover sheet . hard copy submissions should be sent in triplicate . papers in electronic form can be in any of the following formats : plain text , postscript , latex , microsoft word ( rtf format ) or wordstar . submissions in electronic form are preferred . call for tutorials proposals are invited for post-conference tutorials . tutorials will be half-day and will be held on december 18th , 1998 . the proposal should be presented in the form of a 200 - word abstract , one page topical outline of the content , description of the proposers and their qualifications relating to the tutorial content . send papers and tutorial proposals to the kbcs-98 secretariat . submission deadlines papers : o due : august 15 , 1998 o acceptance notification : october 10 , 1998 o camera ready copy due : november 15 , 1998 tutorial proposals : o due : august 30 , 1998 o acceptance notification : september 15 , 1998 o materials due : november 25 , 1998 for further information please refer to the kbcs-98 home page or write to the kbcs-98 secretariat . address kbcs-98 secretariat phone : + 91 ( 22 ) 620 1606 national centre for software technology fax : + 91 ( 22 ) 621 0139 gulmohar cross rd no . 9 e - mail : kbcs @ konark . ncst . ernet . in juhu , mumbai 400 049 , india url : http : / / konark . ncst . ernet . in / ~ kbcs / kbcs98 /
 "",0
 2541,""Subject: using and acquiring the lexicon
  
  call for papers using and acquiring the lexicon utrecht university , december 12 ( workshop incorporated in going romance , december 10-12 ) . organizing committee : francis corblin ( paris 7 / rennes 2 ) , francine melka ( uil - ots / french ) , lea nash ( paris 8 ) , philip miller ( lille 3 ) , jan schroten ( uil - ots / spanish ) , henriette de swart ( uil - ots / french ) . invited speaker : hans kamp ( ims / stuttgart ) the workshop focuses on the lexicon in the romance languages . we welcome contributions from different theoretical perspectives . the following questions are of special interest : * how does the lexicon pair up syntax and meaning ? * what are the semantics and pragmatics of content categories and functional / grammatical categories ? * what is the role of the lexicon in the acquisition process ? abstracts are invited for thirty minute talks . abstracts should be anonymous , and should be no longer than two pages , including references and examples , with margins of at least 1 - inch , font size 11 / 12 . submissions are limited to a maximum of one individual and one joint abstract per author . please provide 8 anonymous abstracts and one camera-ready original containing title , author 's name and affiliation . submissions by e-mail or fax can be accepted , provided a camera-ready original is received within one week after the deadline . a separate card should contain the title of the paper , the author 's name and affiliation , address , telephone number , e-mail address and the indication ` lexicon ' . deadline for recept of abstracts : september 18 , 1998 abstracts should be sent to the following address : workshop lexicon going romance phone : 31-30 - 2536006 utrecht institute of linguistics ots fax : 31-30 - 2536000 utrecht university e - mail : workshop . romance @ let . uu . nl trans 10 web site : 3512 jk utrecht http : / / www-uilots . let . ruu . nl / conferences the netherlands
 "",0
 2542,""Subject: ld ' 98 - call for participation
  
  ld ' 98 the first international workshop on labelled deduction freiburg , germany september 7 - 9 , 1998 http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for participation * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advanced program , registration , travel and accomodation information are available at the homepage of the workshop http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 aim and format to survey research in the field , and to allow researchers ( in logic , computer science , artificial intelligence , linguistics , etc . ) to exchange ideas , techniques and results . both finished work and work in progress will be reported . topics of interest papers on current research in all aspects of labelled deduction , including but not limited to : o logical modeling based on labelled deduction o formal metatheory for , or based on , labelled deduction o hybrid reasoners and combinations of logics based on labelling o automated reasoning , implementation , and system support o annotated logic programming o applications conference site institut fuer informatik of the university of freiburg . freiburg is a medieval town of about 200 , 000 inhabitants at the edge of the black forrest . the city is easily accessible , being within an hour from international airports in strasbourg and basel . there are also good connections ( hourly trains ) to airports in frankfurt and zurich , which are about 2 to 3 hours away . organizing committee david basin and luca vigano ` program committee david basin , institut fuer informatik , freiburg , germany marcello d ' agostino , universita ` di ferrara , italy dov gabbay , king 's college , london , uk sean matthews , max - planck - institut fuer informatik , saarbruecken , germany luca vigano ` , institut fuer informatik , freiburg , germany
 "",0
 2543,""Subject: intelligent industrial automation ( iia ' 99 )
  
  third international icsc symposia on intelligent industrial automation ( iia ' 99 ) http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca / iia99 . htm and soft computing ( soco ' 99 ) http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca / soco99 . htm june 1 - 4 , 1999 at the palazzo ducale in genova , italy introduction the international symposia on intelligent industrial automation ( iia ' 99 ) and soft computing ( soco ' 99 ) intend to encompass short-to - long-term effects of advanced information technology , soft computing and other related ' intelligent technolgies ' in application fields such as industrial automation , control , diagnostics , computer vision , robotics , speech recognition and machine translation . the general aim of the symposia is to address and underline the existing and emerging relationships between automation , manufacturing and intelligent technolgies , with particular emphasis on soft computing . contributions are sought on intelligent automation and manufacturing with emphasis on current and potential applications , with a broad interest in all the engineering disciplines , computer science and related technology fields . following the success of iia / soco ' 96 ( reading , england ) and iia / soco ' 97 ( nmes , france ) , the third symposium will be held in genova , italy . the iia / soco series have established themselves as a platform for scientists and practitioners from academic , governmental and industrial institutions to discuss new developments and results in the field of intelligent technologies . a further follow-up conference has already been scheduled for the year 2001 in paisley , scotland . purpose of iia ' 99 and soco ' 99 advances in soft computing and related techniques : theory and applications . ait ( advanced information technology ) is one of the major technological drivers in the advancement of modern society . nowadays any major achievement , related to any field of research , is strongly supported by proper ait based tools . very often , such achievements have only been possible after a proper ait approach has been designed and implemented . it is widely known that ait has a very strong impact on society itself , radically changing the skills and competencies required in order to contribute to the everyday human environment . given that nowadays the major effort in ait development is spent in the so called ' soft - computing ' arena and that some of the major and indeed , surprising , achievements in industrial applications come from the application of soft-computing techniques , the two symposia ( iia ' 99 and soco ' 99 ) will have many common areas of interest , namely : - neural networks - fuzzy logic - genetic algorithms - chaos theory - ai and expert systems - machine learning - pattern recognition and image understanding the programs of the two conferences will , however , reflect different themes : - iia ' 99 will be directed toward the medium-to - short term , application driven , research area in intelligent technologies . - soco ' 99 is directed toward the long term research in area of soft computing in order to try to overcome the usual borderline existing between theory and application , the two symposia are run jointly , organized in a way to have partial overlap with some joint sessions and some common plenary sessions . aim of iia ' 99 / soco ' 99 1 . to give both a wide and a deep view of advances in ait advancement offered by soft-computing technologies . 2 . to give both the industrial and academic researcher the opportunity to discuss together real problems and opportunities . 3 . to collect ' best practice ' and information on how to perform experiments , tests and design products and processes embedding and / or using soft-computing technologies . 4 . to explicitly and actively function as a ' technology broker ' , giving the opportunity for people to become aware of new problems and possible solutions and giving the possibility of finding technological partners for joint research and / or future application programs . topics of iia ' 99 iia ' 99 will include contributions in the research area of soft computing application and , more in general , related to medium-to - short term and application driven developments advanced information technology and industrial intelligent technology . particular emphasis will be laid on industrial realization , experimental application , application methodology development and / or formalization , quantitative and qualitative problem modeling . contributions are sought mainly in the areas based on the list below : a ) industrial area - industry - energy - transportation - services - consumer - etc . b ) high - tech area - innovative control and diagnostics - computer vision - robotics and remote sensing - speech recognition and machine translation - etc . c ) green - tech area - intelligent resource management - intelligent pollutant management - user behavior modeling - intelligent traffic control - etc . topics of soco ' 99 soco ' 99 will include contributions on long term research ( theory development , enhanced approaches , formal methods comparisons , applications , etc . ) in the area of soft-computing . contributions are sought in areas based on the list below , which is indicative only . - neural networks - fuzzy logic - rough sets - genetic algorithms and evolutionary computing - chaos theory - ai and expert systems - probabilistic reasoning - machine learning - learning algorithms and intelligent control - pattern recognition and image understanding - distributed intelligence - self - organizing systems - fuzzy databases and information retrieval - educational aspects of soft computing special session a special session on ' intelligent systems in control and process optimization ' including a plenary lecture is sponsored by the ifs network and organized by alberto servida , italy . contributions are welcome . conference location the symposia will be held at the palazzo ducale , a beautiful historic building in the city centre of genova , italy sponsors iia ' 99 and soco ' 99 are sponsored by : - ansaldo s . p . a . - disi - department of computer and information sciences at the university of genoa , italy - commune di genova , italy - university of genova , italy - cybernetics and biophysics national group of the national research council - ieee neural network council italian regional interest group - international neural networks society and inns special interest group italy - thematic network ifs ( intelligent forecasting system for refineries and power systems ) - icsc international computer science conventions , canada / switzerland iia ' 99 symposium committee - honorary chair yutaka kuwahara , r & d centre , hitachi europe ltd . - symposium chair riccardo parenti , ansaldo ricerche , genova , italy - symposium vice chair colin fyfe , university of paisley , scotland , u . k . - scientific secretary carla penno , ansaldo ricerche , genova , italy - international scientific committee roberto baratti , italy zeungnam bien , korea piero bonissone , usa pierre borne , france hans - heinrich bothe , switzerland / germany abhay bulsari , finland daniele caviglia , italy vincent chapurlat , france raja chatila , france richard d . colbaugh , usa anna maria colla , italy clarence w . de silva , canada h . a . donegan , u . k . jos r . dorronsorro , spain patrick gallinari , france edoardo gilardi , italy madan m . gupta , canada henry h . hexmoor , usa r . j . howlett , u . k charles mclean , usa antony a . maciejewski , usa janine magnier , france franco masulli , italy fazel naghdy , australia saeid nahavandi , australia charles c . nguyen , usa david pearson , france duc t . pham , u . k . brian roffel , netherlands alberto servida , italy peter vas , u . k . leonello zaquini , italy jacek m . zurada , usa soco ' 99 symposium committee - honorary chair antonio di nola , university di napoli federico ii , naples , italy - symposium chair francesco masulli , university of genoa , italy - symposium vice chair colin fyfe , university of paisley , scotland , u . k . - international scientific committee henry abarbanel , usa ethem alpaydin , turkey peter g . anderson , usa valeriu beiu , usa gerardo beni , usa franco bignone , italy freimut bodendorf , germany andrej dobnikar , slovenia marco dorigo , belgium gerard dray , france marco gori , italy hans hellendoorn , netherlands laszlo koczy , hungary mohammad jamshidi , usa james keller , usa bart kosko , usa ludmila kuncheva , u . k . franz kurfess , usa sadaaki miyamoto , japan claudio moraga , germany pietro morasso , italy francesco carlo morabito , italy david w . pearson , france rjean plamondon , canada henrik saxen , finland george d . smith , u . k . nigel steele , u . k . leonard studer , switzerland yoshinori uesaka , japan call for papers prospective authors are requested to send a draft paper ( maximum 7 pages ) for review by the international scientific committee . all submissions must be written in english , starting with a succinct statement of the problem , the results achieved , their significance and a comparison with previous work , as well as a list of references . the submissions should also include : - title of conference ( soco ' 99 or iia ' 99 ) - type of paper ( regular , demonstration , tutorial or invited ) - title of proposed paper - authors names , affiliations , addresses - name of author to contact for correspondence - e - mail address and fax # of contact author - topics which best describe the paper ( max . 5 keywords ) - short c . v . of authors contributions are welcome from those working in industry and having experience in the topics of this symposium as well as from academics . symposium language is english . invited sessions , tutorial papers , demonstrations and contributions to the special session on ' intelligent systems in control and process optimization ' are also encouraged . submission of papers submissions must be sent by september 10 , 1998 either by - electronic mail ( recommended ) to operating @ icsc . ab . ca ( text , postscript or word files ) or - fax to icsc canada + 1-403 - 387-4329 or - airmail ( 2 copies ) to : icsc canada p . o . box 279 millet , ab t0c 1z0 canada important dates submission of draft papers : september 10 , 1998 notification of acceptance : november 30 , 1998 delivery of final papers : january 31 , 1999 tutorials and workshops : june 1 , 1999 iia ' 99 / soco ' 99 symposia : june 2 - 4 , 1999 further information for more detailed information , please consult the following websites : - iia ' 99 : http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca / iia99 . htm - soco ' 99 : http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca / soco99 . htm or forward any questions to the conference organizer mailto : operating @ icsc . ab . ca conference organizer icsc international computer science conventions p . o . box 279 millet , alberta t0c 1z0 canada email : mailto : operating @ icsc . ab . ca url : http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca fax : + 1-403 - 387-4329 ( after january 25 , 1999 : + 1-780 - 387-4329 ) phone : + 1-403 - 387-3546 ( after january 25 , 1999 : + 1-780 - 387-3546 )
 "",0
 2544,""Subject: canadian assoc . of immersion teachers annual conference
  
  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . canadian association of immersion teachers annual conference ( 1998 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in collaboration with caslt and canadian parents for french """" hooked on immersion , it 's capital ! """" ottawa congress centre , ottawa , canada november 5 , 6 and 7 , 1998 information : suzanne fournier , acpi tel : 613 567 2223 fax : 613 230 5940 email : acpi @ magi . com ( preliminary programme available in july ; please contact acpi ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ drenie @ uottawa . ca _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dr delphine renie institut des langues secondes * second language institute universite d ' ottawa university , 600 king edward ottawa , on , k1s 4p6 , canada tel : 613 562 5800 ext 3414 fax : 613 562 5126
 "",0
 2545,""Subject: program joint conf . formal grammar , hpsg and categorial grammar 1998
  
  please post joint conference on formal grammar , head-driven phrase structure grammar and categorial grammar august 14-16 , 1998 saarbruecken program in august 1998 , the tenth european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli x ) will be held in saabr \ """" { u } cken , germany , august 17-28 . the esslli summer schools have become a forum for work on formal grammar , encompassing the overlapping interests of work in formal linguistics , computational linguistics , and the role of logic and grammar formalisms . the joint conference on formal grammar , head - driven phrase structure grammar , and categorial grammar ( fhcg-98 ) , combining the 4th conference on formal grammar and the 5th conference on head - driven phrase structure grammar , will be held the weekend preceding the summer school , august 14-16 . the conference will include a special session on information packages with contributed papers and invited lectures by o enric vallduvi ( universitat pompeu fabra , barcelona ) o elisabet engdahl ( gothenborg university ) it will also contain a symposium on unbounded dependencies , with presentations by o anne abeille ( university of paris ) o michael moortgat ( utrecht university ) o ivan sag ( stanford university ) o ed stabler ( ucla ) o annie zaenen ( xerox research centre europe ) themes of interest include formal and computational syntax , semantics , and pragmatics ; head-driven phrase structure grammar and categorial grammar ; model-theoretic and proof-theoretic methods in linguistics ; constraint-based and resource-sensitive approaches to grammar ; and foundational , methodological and architectural issues in grammar . on the following pages , a detailed program of the conference is provided . registration for the conference should be done via the esslli x secretariat . the conference fee of dm 80 includes a copy of the conference proceedings . online registration for fhcg-98 can be arranged at http : / / www . dfki . de / events / hpsg98 / hpsg98 - mailform . html for joint registration covering both fhcg-98 and esslli x , consult http : / / www . dfki . de / lt / esslli / summerschool . html accommodation can be arranged via esslli x . program committee gosse bouma ( groningen , co - chair ) richard oehrle ( arizona , co - chair ) \ \ klaus netter ( dfki , local arrangments ) geert - jan kruijff ( prague , submissions ) anne abeille ( paris ) bob carpenter ( lucent bell labs ) john coleman ( oxford ) ann copestake ( csli ) mary dalrymple ( xerox parc ) elisabet engdahl ( g \ """" { o } teborg ) daniele godard ( lille ) erhard hinrichs ( t \ """" { u } bingen ) jack hoeksema ( groningen ) bob kasper ( ohio state ) andreas kathol ( uc berkeley ) shalom lappin ( london ) glyn morrill ( barcelona ) tsuneko nakazawa ( tokyo ) anton nijholt ( twente ) gertjan van noord ( groningen ) carl pollard ( ohio state ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * fhcg-89 program friday , august 14 , 1998 special session on information packaging i 9 . 30-10 . 00 rhematicity as a default information status enric vallduvi , universitat pompeu fabra , barcelona ( invited lecture ) 10 . 00-10 . 30 information packaging and information states elisabet engdahl , university of gothenburg ( invited lecture ) 10 . 30-11 . 00 a strong theory of link and focus interpretation herman hendriks , university of utrecht 11 . 00-11 . 30 break special session on information packaging ii 11 . 30-12 . 00 linkhood and multiple definite marking dimitra kolliakou , university of newcastle / hebrew university of jerusalem 12 . 00-12 . 30 unbounded dependencies and the syntactic realisation of information packaging theodora alexopolou , university of edinburgh 12 . 30-13 . 00 information repackaging petr kubon , simon fraser university 13 . 00-14 . 30 break special session on information packaging iii 14 . 30-15 . 00 topic , adverbial quantification , and backwards anaphora ileana comorovski , universite de nancy 2 15 . 00-15 . 30 information packaging in japanese john fry and stefan kaufmann , csli stanford 15 . 30-16 . 00 topic and focus structures : the dynamics of tree growth wilfried meyer - viol & ruth kempson , imperial college / university of london 16 . 00-16 . 30 break regular session i 16 . 30-17 . 00 french subject inversion and extraction contexts olivier bonami , daniele godard , jean - marie marandin , cnrs 17 . 00-17 . 30 towards a general theory of partial constituent fronting in german kordula de kuthy and detmar meurers , university of the saarland / university of tuebingen 17 . 30-18 . 00 a relational approach to relativization in turkish zelal gungordu and elisabet engdahl , bilkent university / university of gothenburg saturday , august 15 , 1998 regular session ii 9 . 30-10 . 00 minor and expletive pronouns frank van eynde , university of leuven 10 . 00-10 . 30 noun phrases as nps - - - the case of hebrew shuly wintner , university of tuebingen 10 . 30-11 . 00 determiners as nominal heads andreas kathol , university of california , berkeley 11 . 00-11 . 30 break regular session iii 11 . 30-12 . 00 case , obliqueness , and linearization in korean chan chung , dongseo university ( seoel ) 12 . 00-12 . 30 an informal sketch of a formal architecture for construction grammar paul kay , university of california , berkeley 12 . 30-13 . 00 ` a unified theory of scope ' revisited adam przepiorkowski , university of tuebingen / polish academy of sciences 13 . 00-14 . 30 break regular session iv 14 . 30-15 . 00 on certain properties of romanian auxiliary ( and modal ) verbs paola monachesi , university of utrecht 15 . 00-15 . 30 categories , prototypes , and default inheritance robert malouf , stanford university 15 . 30-16 . 00 looks like a trojan horse got into the argument structure emily bender and dan flickinger , stanford university 16 . 00-16 . 30 break regular session v 16 . 30-17 . 00 a point-based event phonology for the phonetics-phonology interface peter kuehnle and petra wagner , university of bielefeld 17 . 00-17 . 30 how to match the mismatch : prosody-syntax interface for japanese spoken sentences kei yoshimoto , tohoku university ( sendai , japan ) 17 . 30-18 . 00 morphosyntactic and morphological paradoxa in fox berthold crysmann , university of the saarland sunday , august 16 , 1998 regular session vi 10 . 30-11 . 00 a weakly context free facet of ligs jens michaelis , christian wartena , university of potsdam 11 . 00-11 . 30 a formal interpretation of relations and quantifiers in hpsg frank richter , manfred sailer , university of t """" ubingen 11 . 30-12 . 00 island effects in type-logical approaches to the minimalist program tom cornell , university of t """" ubingen 12 . 00-14 . 00 break symposium on unbounded dependencies 14 . 00-14 . 40 ivan sag , stanford university 14 . 40-15 . 20 annie zaenen , xerox research centre europe 15 . 20-16 . 00 anne abeille , university of paris 16 . 00-16 . 30 break 16 . 30-17 . 10 michael moortgat , university of utrecht 17 . 10-17 . 50 ed stabler , ucla 17 . 50-18 . 30 discussion : bob carpenter , lucent bell labs
 "",0
 2546,""Subject: new books : generative studies
  
  we would like to bring to your attention to two new publications from john benjamins publishing in the field of generative studies : minimal words in a minimal syntax . word formation in swedish . gunlg josefsson 1998 ix , 199 pp . lingvistic aktuell / linguistics today , 19 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 903 1 price : us $ 75 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 2740 3 price : nlg 150 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com in minimal words in a minimal syntax the author combines a detailed description of the morphological structure of words in swedish with a new approach to theoretical morphology based on the minimalist program of chomsky ( 1995 ) ( as developed for syntactic structure ) . the x - bar theoretic approach to word structure of the principles and parameters framework is replaced by a rule free approach incorporating only merge and move as structure building devices . comparative studies in word variation . adverb , pronouns and clause structure in romance and germanic christopher laenzlinger 1998 x , 371 pp . linguistic aktuell / linguistics today , 20 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 904 x price : us $ 79 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 2741 1 price : nlg 158 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com the present book is a typological study in crucial portions of the grammars of french / romance and german / germanic . it starts by asking : """" what do adverbs , pronouns and full noun phrases have in common ? """" the work finds promising solutions to this question within the principles & parameter framework , on the basis of a well-defined formalization of ( i ) xbar - theory , ( ii ) checking theory , ( iii ) clause structure composition , and ( iv ) locality constraints on syntactic operations and relations . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
 "",0
 2547,""Subject: new books : pragmatics & discourse
  
  we would like to bring to your attention to two new publications from john benjamins publishing in the field of pragmatics & discourse : deixis and information packaging in russian discourse . lenore grenoble 1998 xviii , 338 pp . pragmatics & beyond new series , 50 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 812 4 price : us $ 85 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 5063 4 price : nlg 170 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com the role deixis plays in structuring language and its relation to the context of utterance provides the focus for an examination of information packaging in russian discourse . the analysis is based on a model which interprets discourse as constituted by four interrelated frameworks - the linguistic text , the text setting , the text content and the participant framework . the function of discourse particles . a study with special reference to spoken standard french maj - britt mosegaard hansen 1998 xii , 418 pp . pragmatics & beyond new series , 53 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 815 9 price : us $ 85 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 5066 9 price : nlg 170 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this monograph aims to contribute to linguistic knowledge about the distribution and function of discourse particles , particularly with respect to a small group of particles which are highly frequent in contemporary spoken standard french . the author discusses categories of particles , instructional semantics , the difference between speech and writing , the delimitation of discourse units , competing approaches to discourse structure and to coherence , and methodology are discussed extensively . this is followed by an-depth corpus-based analyses of six french discourse particles , namely bon , ben , eh bien , puis , donc , and alors , as used in non-elicited native-speaker interaction . hedging in scientific research articles ken hyland 1998 x , 308 pp . pragmatics & beyond new series , 54 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 816 7 price : us $ 69 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 5067 7 price : nlg 138 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this is a comprehensive study of hedging in academic research papers , relating a systematic analysis of forms to a pragmatic explanation for their use . the study shows that the extensive use of possibility and tentativeness in research writing is intimately connected to the social and institutional practices of academic communities , and is at the heart of how knowledge comes to be socially accredited through texts . the study identifies the major forms , functions and distribution of hedges and explores the research article genre in detail to present an explanatory framework . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
 "",0
 2548,""Subject: consciousness
  
  john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following title in the field of consciousness : language structure , discourse and the access to consciousness maxim i . stamenov , ( ed . ) 1997 xii , 340 pp . advances in consciousness research , 12 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 192 8 price : us $ 49 . 95 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 5132 0 price : nlg 100 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com the focus of this collective volume is on the mutual determination of language structure , discourse patterns and the accessibility to consciousness of mental contents of different types of organization and complexity . the contributions address the following problems , among others : the history of the interpretation of ' conscious ' and ' unconscious ' mind in the theoretical discourse of modern linguistics ; the determination of the structure of access of grammatical and lexical information to consciousness ; the development of cognitive complexity and control in ontogeny ; the pathologies of consciousness access in discourse comprehension and production the cognitive contextual prerequisites for the representation of meaning in consciousness ; the relationships between language structure and qualia in the phenomenology of experience ; the dialogical structure of intentionality and meaning representation , etc . contributions by : r . de beaugrande ; p . butchvarov ; s . chapman & h . ulatowska ; t . van dijk ; d . hillert ; r . langacker ; i . markova ; m . stamenov ; p . zelazo & d . frye . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
 "",0
 2549,""Subject: meaning change - meaning variation
  
  = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = call for papers = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = meaning change - meaning variation university of konstanz , germany february 24-26 , 1999 invited speakers : nicholas asher ( austin , usa ) johannes dlling ( leipzig , germany ) peter gaerdenfors ( lund , sweden ) dirk geeraerts ( leuven , belgien ) ulrike haas - spohn ( konstanz , germany ) ekkehart knig ( berlin , germany ) brigitte nerlich ( nottingham , uk ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = we are pleased to announce the workshop ' meaning change - meaning variation ' as part of the 21st annual meeting of the german society of linguistics ( dgfs ) in konstanz , germany ( http : / / dgfs99 . uni-konstanz . de ) . the workshop ' meaning change - meaning variation ' aims at bringing together researchers in formal semantics , cognitive semantics , historical linguistics and analytical philosophy in order to discuss questions of meaning change and meaning variation . historical linguists have developed impressing inventories of examples of meaning ( and other ) changes , documented in etymological lexica . cognitive semanticists often offer richer notions of """" meaning """" than the one traditionally used in formal semantics , notions which seem better fit to integrate a creative dimension . on the other hand , people working in a formal semantic framework should face the challenge posed to their completely static picture by diachronic meaning change . changes are , we think , not instances of common confusion or error . on the contrary , they are one evidence that language itself has to be seen as an ever evolving object , adapting to our ever changing view of the ( """" real """" ) world . specific areas of inquiry include , but are not limited to the following : * semi-productive lexical processes ( metonymy , polysemy , etc . ) * interaction of psychological , historical and linguistic facts in the development of new language stages * case studies in diachronic meaning change * grammaticalization and meaning change * polysemy and semantic fields * formal treatments of metaphor papers in german or english are invited from any of the mentioned fields . the papers should address semantic change or semantic variation from more than one aspect . papers that indicate an inherent interest in the perspective of other disciplines or that intend to bridge the approaches from different subfields are preferred . the deadline for receipt of abstracts is august 15 , 1998 please , send a one-page abstract ( preferably by email ) to : regine eckardt / klaus von heusinger fg sprachwissenschaft fach d 185 d-78457 konstanz germany email : { regine . eckardt ; klaus . heusinger } @ uni-konstanz . de we will also be happy to answer all further questions which might arise .
 "",0
 2550,""Subject: transcription of continuous speech workshop
  
  coling-acl 98 workshop on partially automated techniques for transcribing naturally occurring , continuous speech august 16 , 1998 ( following acl / coling-98 ) university of montreal , montreal ( quebec , canada ) description - - - - - - - - - - the development of robust systems for speech analysis and synthesis depends crucially on the availability of well-annotated corpora of naturally occurring , continuous speech . yet existing speech corpora are rarely well-annotated . a key to proper annotation is the availability of partially automated systems for linking selected portions of a visual display of speech to the corresponding transcriptions . to be of practical use , such systems must be able to handle large files of digitized speech and they should permit transcriptions at different levels of analysis . this workshop is devoted to the presentation and discussion of papers and software demonstrations which reflect the current state of the art . the presentations address the development , use , and evaluation of such systems . registration - - - - - - - - - - - registration is now open for this workshop . registration details can be found at http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca registration befroe july 1 is 50 can ( 35 can for students ) for participants of the main conference . anybody wishing to attend only this workshop can do so by pre-registering the same way and submitting a fee of 150 can . preregistration is strongly advised . workshop program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - session 1 9 : 15 - 9 : 30 opening remarks nancy belmore concordia university 9 : 30-10 : 05 recognition of spontaneous speech ( invited talk ) peter stubley nortel 10 : 05-10 : 30 break session 2 10 : 30-11 : 05 towards multimodal spoken language corpora : transtool and synctool joachim nivre , elisabeth ahlsen , jens allwood , leif gronqvist , jenny holm , dario lopez - kasten , sylvana sofkova , kristina tullgren goteborg university 11 : 05-11 : 40 speech annotation by multi - sensory recording robert luk hong kong polytechnic university 11 : 40-12 : 15 how phone duration and segmental processing improve continuous speech signal labeling andre - obrecht , n . parlangeau , f . pellegrino universite paul sabatier - cnrs 12 : 15 - 1 : 15 lunch session 3 1 : 15 - 1 : 50 grapheme - to-phoneme transcription rules for spanish with application to automatic speech recognition and synthesis patrizia bonaventura , fabio giuliani , juan m . garrido , isabel orten cluster reply consultant , turin and universitat autonoma de barcelona 1 : 50 - 2 : 25 the value of minimal prosodic information caroline lyon and jill hewitt university of hertfordshire 2 : 25 - 3 : 00 taped demonstrations 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 break session 4 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 on - line demonstrations 4 : 00 - 5 : 00 round table discussion workshop organization sabine bergler department of computer science concordia university 1455 de maisonneuve blvd west montreal , qc h3g 1m8 e-mail trans98 @ cs . concordia . ca program committee nancy belmore sabine bergler john esling eric keller roland kuhn douglas o'shaughnessy ching y . suen
 "",0
 2551,""Subject: conference ' lexicon in focus '
  
  the conference ' lexicon in focus ' , which is held by the sonderforschungsbereich ' theory of the lexicon ' ( located at the universities in duesseldorf , wuppertal and cologne - germany ) , takes place from august 17th through 19th , 1998 , in wuppertal . there will be three sections : - economy principles in the lexicon - lexical constraints and the generation of candidates - semantic composition within and outside of the lexicon for further details see http : / / www . phil-fak . uni-duesseldorf . de / sfb282 / lif98 . htm to register as a participant in the conference , please contact : stiebels @ phil-fak . uni-duesseldorf . de barbara stiebels heinrich - heine - universitaet duesseldorf
 "",0
 2552,""Subject: correction to issue 9 . 870
  
  dear linguist subscribers , in issue 9-870 ( http : / / linguistlist . org / issues / 9 / 9-870 . html ) , a call for reviewers , we incorrectly omitted a publisher from the following citation . barbosa , fox , hagstrom , mcginnis and pesetsky eds . 1998 . optimality and competition in syntax . mit press and mitwpl . cambridge . this book is published jointly by mit press and the mit working papers in linguistics ( mitwpl ) . our sincere apologies to mit press and mitwpl for any inconvenience this may have caused . andrew carnie , review editor , the linguist list .
 "",0
 2553,""Subject: review massaro 1998
  
  massaro , d . w . ( 1998 ) . perceiving talking faces : from speech perception to a behavioral principle ( mit press , cambridge , mass . ) . 552 pp . , 212 illus . , 1 cd-rom . $ 55 . 00 . reviewed byl noel nguyen , laboratory for psycholinguistics , fpse , university of geneva , switzerland ( nnguyen @ fapse . unige . ch ) . 1 synopsis 1 . 1 general outline this book is concerned with how multiple sources of information are processed in speech perception and , more generally , in pattern recognition . it is based upon an important research programme conducted by massaro and his colleagues over the last two decades . the book focuses on the perception of so-called bimodal speech , addressing a wide range of issues about the way in which visual information ( as provided by the speaker 's face ) and auditory information are combined with each other by the perceptual system . the scope of the book is much larger , however , as massaro 's purpose here is to describe and defend a new psychological law relevant to a wide variety of domains . in contrast to already well-established laws of the same kind ( e . g . weber 's law of perception ) , which are all unidimensional , the new principle is multidimensional , in that it describes how several factors impact behaviour . this principle is embodied in a computational model of pattern recognition , the fuzzy logical model of perception ( flmp ) , whose latest version is presented and discussed in detail . the flmp is systematically contrasted with alternative computational models , using a broad perceptual database as benchmark throughout the book . in a separate part , the book also deals with methods for synthesizing talking faces in experiments on bimodal speech perception , and introduces baldi , the talking face developed by massaro and his coworkers . the book is accompanied by a cd-rom which contains a series of demonstrations relating to many of the topics dealt with . the book is divided into four main sections . section 1 , """" perceiving talking faces """" , focuses on the perception of speech by ear and eye . massaro reviews the most significant empirical findings in that domain , discusses the main methodological issues , and presents a general classification of the existing computational models of bimodal speech perception . central to this section is the idea that speech perception obeys a general behavioural principle of integration between different sources of information . section 2 , """" broadening the domain """" , aims at assessing how well this principle holds up across broad individual and situational variability . the author demonstrates that inter-individual variations in how bimodal speech is perceived , depending on the listener 's age or native language for instance , can be accounted for within the flmp framework . using examples taken from different perceptual and cognitive situations , massaro also defends the idea that the flmp adequately describes information processing irrespective of these situational differences . section 3 , """" broadening the framework """" , opens with a presentation of an extended and more explicit version of the flmp , designed in particular to account for the dynamics of speech processing . the section also includes a detailed analysis of the methodological issues involved in assessing quantitative predictions in psychology , along with a discussion of the critiques expressed by other investigators about the flmp over the years . finally , section 4 , """" creating talking faces """" , is specifically dedicated to the synthesis of visual speech . 1 . 2 the new behavioural principle although many readers may already be familiar with massaro 's fuzzy logical model of perception , i shall here assume the contrary , and proceed to present a brief outline of the model . a central assumption of the flmp is that pattern recognition involves a common set of processes regardless of the specific nature of the patterns . speech is not seen as being associated with a dedicated processing module , as in the motor theory of speech perception ( liberman , 1996 ) for instance . on the contrary , the sensory information is assumed to be processed in the same way whether our brain is busy recognizing speech sounds , letters , or manual gestures , to take but a few examples . in any of these cases , the flmp postulates that mapping a stimulus into a unique perceptual category entails going through three main stages of processing , the feature evaluation stage , the feature integration stage , and the decision stage . the evaluation stage consists of converting the available sources of information into a set of properties referred to as features . each feature is given a continuous ( fuzzy truth ) value , and represents the degree to which the stimulus corresponds to each of a set of internal prototypical patterns , along a particular perceptual dimension . thus , one important visual feature in the perception of cv syllables is the degree of opening of the lips . the model therefore assumes that the internal prototypes available to the perceptual system will specify that the lips are open at the onset of the syllable for / da / , closed for / ba / , etc . in a second stage , the features are integrated with each other , so as to determine the overall degree of match of the sensory input with each of the prototypes ( e . g . each of the syllables known to the receiver ) . in the third and final stage , a decision is taken , on the basis of the relative goodness of match of the input with each prototype . the flmp makes a number of specific assumptions at each stage in this process . first , it hypothesizes that all of the available sources of information are simultaneously brought into play in pattern recognition . thus , visible speech and auditory speech are both assumed to have an influence on how bimodal speech is perceived . second , different sources of information are assumed to be evaluated independently of each other . this means for example that visible speech does not have any effect on how auditory speech is converted into a set of features , the two sources of information being combined at a later stage of processing only . the model also makes specific assumptions about how sources of information are integrated with each other ( multiplicative rule ) , and about how decisions are taken ( relative goodness rule ) . a major prediction of the model is that """" the influence of one source of information is greatest when the other source is neutral or ambiguous """" ( 19 ) . this prediction is best illustrated by an experiment whose results served as a database for testing models of pattern recognition on several occasions in the book ( chapters 2 and 11 ) . in this experiment , synthetic auditory stimuli ranging on a continuum between / ba / and / da / were crossed with visual stimuli also varying between / ba / and / da / . the bimodal stimuli were presented to subjects in a forced-choice identification task , along with each of the unimodal stimuli . ( this expanded factorial design is shown by massaro to be the most appropriate experimental design for determining how two sources of information are combined with each other in pattern recognition . ) for the bimodal stimuli , the main results are typically depicted as a two-factor plot , with the proportion of / da / responses on the ordinate , the levels of the auditory source of information on the abscissa , and a different curve for each of the levels of the visual source of information . when represented in that way , the results clearly show a statistical interaction between the two sources of information . specifically , the influence of one source of information proves to be larger in the middle , ambiguous range of the other source . this interaction graphically takes the shape of an american football , which is for this reason presented throughout the book as the hallmark of the the fuzzy logical model of perception . in summary , massaro proposes a universal principle of perceptual cognitive performance to explain pattern recognition . according to this principle , """" people are influenced by multiple sources of information in a diverse set of situations . in many cases , these sources of information are ambiguous and any particular source alone does not usually specify the appropriate interpretation . the perceiver appears to evaluate the multiple sources of information in parallel for the degree to which each supports various interpretations , integrate them together to derive the overall support for each interpretation , assess the support of each alternative based on all of the alternatives , and select the most appropriate response . """" ( p . 291 ) . 2 critical evaluation 2 . 1 general evaluation this book is clearly a major contribution to the study of speech perception and , more generally , to cognitive psychology . it is admirably clear and is written in quite an elegant manner . i do not doubt that the book will be read with great interest by research scientists from many different fields . this work is the result of an ambitious intellectual endeavour aimed at introducing a new behavioural law , which is placed by massaro on an equal footing with weber 's law of perception , or the power law of learning . speech scientists are presented with an extensive series of experiments on the perception of bimodal speech . whatever stance they take in that domain , they should find quite challenging massaro 's view that speech perception constitutes but one aspect of a much more general form of cognitive processing , namely pattern recognition . computer scientists working in the field of speech technology should be particularly interested in the book 's final section about the synthesis of visual speech . regardless of their background , readers should also find the book worth using as a tutorial on the experimental methods available for investigating speech perception . a great variety of experimental paradigms and tasks are discussed at length by massaro , who also extensively discusses the methods for assessing computational models of pattern recognition and , in particular , for fitting these models to observed results . in that respect , using the results of the experiment described above as a reference database was quite a good initiative in my view , as this allows the reader more easily to understand massaro 's point as new issues are raised , without having again to go through the details of the experimental design each time . the book should also prove an invaluable resource for teaching . care was taken to select prototypical results , as well as to set this work in its historical context . a number of rather fascinating anecdotes and historical references are given , going from mcgurk 's personal account of the discovery of the mcgurk effect , to an audio-visual rendition of the introduction to george miller 's seminal article on the ubiquitousness of the number 7 plus or minus 2 , with miller 's face texture-mapped onto baldi 's wire-frame head . the cd-rom that accompanies the book enables the reader directly to experience the psychological illusions associated with the perception of bimodal speech , and constitutes as such a most useful research and teaching tool . on the negative side , massaro 's use of the / ba / - / da / experiment as a leading strand throughout obviously results in the book being focused on the perception of non-sense syllables . although the interaction of visible speech and audible speech in word recognition is mentioned on a number of occasions ( e . g . pp 21-23 and pp . 181-182 ) , the book contains few suggestions as to how we perceive isolated words , let alone connected speech . i also was surprised by the fact that little place was devoted to presenting other current theories and models of speech perception . although models such as trace are mentioned on several occasions in the book , i think it is fair to say that the flmp is still given the lion 's share . the book also has some minor defects such as the absence of a list of figures , and the fact that some of the cd-rom bands ( 1 . 4 , 1 . 5 and 1 . 6 ) are referred to incorrectly in the text . the list of the cd-rom selections should have pointed to the pages where each band is referred to . in another domain , it would have been quite interesting to have the perceptual database used in the book made available on the cd-rom . although this would have probably required a substantial amount of additional work , i should also have found it useful to be provided with an interactive version of the main computational models discussed in the book ( flmp , the race model , the single channel model , etc . ) . the flmp model can be downloaded from massaro 's laboratory web site at santa cruz ( http : / / mambo . ucsc . edu ) , but it is currently distributed in fortran code which has to be modified and recompiled for each new set of data , an operation which is probably out of reach of many students in psychology or linguistics . 2 . 2 specific comments i am not familiar with all of the areas dealt with in this book , and will not hide the fact that this review is biased towards my own interests , namely the production and perception of auditory speech . the following comments more specifically concentrate on two issues relating to this area of research , the role of features in speech processing and the time course of speech processing . 2 . 2 . 1 features most useful are the extensive comments made by massaro about the status of features in his model ( see in particular chapter 2 and chapter 10 ) . i long have found it difficult to determine how close these features were to classical phonetic features . the book makes it clear to me that there is no direct relation between the former and the latter . as indicated above , the flmp postulates that there are three main stages of processing in pattern recognition : the feature evaluation stage , the feature integration stage , and the decision stage . specific assumptions are made in the model about how features are integrated with each other , and how a decision is taken depending on the outcome of this integration . from a set of feature values , therefore , the model will predict the probability of occurrence of each possible response ( e . g . """" ba """" and """" da """" ) . however , attention should be paid to the fact that these feature values are in no way derived from the stimulus . they are actually determined in an posteriori manner , from the subjects ' observed responses , using an algorithm ( stepit ) which allows the deviation between these responses and the predicted ones to be minimal . features are seen in the model as * free parameters * , whose values are set on the basis of the actual performance of the subject in the pattern recognition task , so as to make the model perform at its best , i . e . to maximize its goodness of fit . according to massaro , """" [ the model is ] * predicting * the exact * form * of the results , but * postdicting * the actual quantitative * values * that make up the overall predictions """" ( p . 294 , his emphasis ) . in other words , the stimulus is on no occasion explicitly mapped onto the internal features of the flmp model . in that respect , features as defined in the flmp look markedly different from phonetic features . let us take for example the opposition between / ba / and / da / , on which much emphasis is put in the book . acoustically , / b / and / d / are said to differ from each other according to the feature grave-acute , / b / being classified as grave and / d / as acute . as is the case with flmp features , grave and acute can be viewed as target values referring to prototypical stops . however , the grave-acute feature is explicitly defined in acoustical terms ( e . g . slope of the short-term spectrum at the release of the stop , see stevens & blumstein , 1978 ) . on the contrary , the exact nature of the flmp features remains undetermined , their values being subject to one main constraint which is to make the model account for the subjects ' responses as accurately as possible . thus , the acoustic structure of the stimulus is not directly taken into consideration in the estimation of the feature values . in the experiments using audible speech , flmp features do lend themselves to an acoustic interpretation . in the / ba / - / da / experiment for example , the prototypes for / ba / and / da / are assumed to include one auditory feature , namely the variations in frequency of the second ( f2 ) and third ( f3 ) formants at the onset of the vowel ( slightly falling f2-f3 for / da / , rising f2-f3 for / ba / ) . however , this interpretation stems from the fact that f2 and f3 onset frequencies were precisely the acoustic parameters manipulated by the experimenters to synthesize the auditory continuum between / ba / and / da / . in other words , the acoustic significance of the flmp features is derived from the way in which the experiment has been designed . the model does rely on a particular system of acoustic features ( see for example stevens & blumstein , 1978 , for an alternative system ) , but this system is embodied in the experimental design , and is as such external to the model itself . in practice , therefore , the issue of how speech sounds are mapped onto features is not addressed in the model . why this is so is not clear to me . on several occasions , massaro suggests that determining in advance how a given individual will convert a given stimulus into a set of feature values is simply out of our reach . this stimulus-to - feature mapping shows a variability which is said to be analogous to the variability of the weather : there are just too many previous contributions and influences to allow quantitative prediction ( 135 ) . a fundamental distinction is in fact established in the flmp between the intake of * information * , i . e . the stimulus-to - feature mapping , and * information processing * , i . e . how features are combined with each other and mapped into a response ( cf . p . 135 ) . while the flmp predicts that the information will be processed in the same way from one individual to the other , regardless of whether it relates to speech sounds , facial movements , manual gestures , etc . , it is assumed that the way in which this information is extracted from the stimulus is on the contrary subject to too many sources of variations to be accurately characterized ahead of time . in my understanding , this means that the so-called evaluation stage cannot be accounted for by the model , or at least not with much accuracy . however , at least on one occasion massaro does suggest that this limitation is not consubstantial with every model of perception and pattern recognition , and could be circumvented in some way . according to him , one could indeed """" easily hypothesize functions relating the feature values to the stimulus levels , [ although ] that would represent a * model of information * in addition to one of information processing """" ( 294 , my emphasis ) . this suggests that building such a model of information is feasible . whether there is a possibility of the flmp being completed with a model of this kind , i . e . an explicit stimulus-to - feature mapping stage , is an issue which remains to be addressed . 2 . 2 . 2 the time course of speech processing time plays quite a central role in different ways in the book . first , massaro shows how the flmp can be explicitly formalized to account for the dynamics of perceptual processing ( chap . 9 ) . this formalization is presented in reply to criticisms expressed by a number of investigators ( e . g . mcclelland , 1991 ) , who have pointed out that the flmp accurately characterizes the asymptotic outcome of the perceptual system ( e . g . the probability for a particular response to occur ) , but has little to say about the time course of processing . the dynamic version of the flmp is intended to address these reactions . in this version , the stimulus-to - feature mapping is assumed to take a certain amount of time . during this interval , the information about the stimulus gradually accumulates , and becomes increasingly accurate . it is assumed that accuracy increases as a negatively accelerated function of processing time , so that more information is gleaned early than late in the processing of the stimulus . one further assumption is that """" integration of the separate features [ is ] updated continuously as the featural information is being evaluated . similarly , decision [ can ] occur at any time after the stimulus presentation """" ( 259 ) . thus , there is a partial temporal overlap between the different stages of processing , in the sense that one process can begin before a previous process is finished ( see also figure 2 . 1 , p . 41 ) . these assumptions about the time course of information processing are supported by a number of experiments concerned with the effect of backward masking in the recognition of pure tones , and in the recognition of letters . speech obviously raises a number of specific issues in that domain , however . unlike written words , speech is a temporal phenomenon , it is continuous ( i . e . there are no systematic acoustic boundaries between phonemes , syllables , or words ) and , furthermore , time per se serves as a source of information in speech , as pointed out by massaro ( e . g . vowel duration is a major cue to the voicing of the following obstruent , to take but one example ) . somewhat regrettably , few indications are given about how the model could be assessed in the speech domain ( see remarks p . 194 and p . 263 ) . in addition to discussing the dynamics of processing , massaro examines how the temporal relations between sources of information are dealt with in pattern recognition . chapter 3 focuses on our sensitivity to temporal asynchronies between visible and audible speech . in the experiments reported in this chapter , bimodal cv syllables with various degrees of onset asynchrony between the auditory synthetic speech and the visible synthetic speech were presented to subjects in a forced-choice identification task . the results show that integration between the two sources of information still occurs when these sources of information are made asynchronous , provided that the time shift does not exceed a certain duration . one major challenge for phoneticians and psycholinguists alike is to characterize the relationship between what could be called the * external * dynamics of speech , i . e . the temporal organization of the speech signal , and the * internal * time course of speech processing . both play a role in the perception of speech , and it is most difficult to tell apart their respective influences on the listener 's behaviour ( samuel , 1996 ) . for example , in a gating study investigating the role of vowel duration as a cue to the voicing of the post-vocalic stop in cvc syllables , warren and marslen - wilson ( 1988 ) found that the proportion of voiced-coda responses increased as the listeners were presented with increasingly long portions of the initial cv sequence . one obvious interpretation is that longer vowels were perceived as being associated with voiced coda rather than voiceless ones . in keeping with massaro 's dynamical flmp , however , it may also be assumed that evaluating the information provided by the vowel takes time , and that the evidence pointing to a voiced coda gradually accumulates as more processing time is made available to the listener , all other things being equal . thus , the above finding raises the issue of how to differentiate the effect of vowel duration per se on the listener 's response , from that of the internal dynamics of processing . although this issue is not directly addressed in the book , there is no doubt that the flmp would constitute a most appropriate framework for further investigations in this domain . 2 . 3 general conclusion this book provides us with quite an extensive review of the work carried out by the author and others on the use of multiple cues in speech perception and , more generally , pattern recognition . it is aimed at a very large audience , and constitutes a most useful tool both for teaching and research purposes . i do not doubt that it will soon become a major reference for researchers in phonetics , psycholinguistics , and cognitive psychology . 4 bibliography liberman , a . m . ( 1996 ) . speech : a special code ( mit press , cambridge , mass . ) . mcclelland , j . l . ( 1991 ) . """" stochastic interactive processes and the effect of context on perception """" , cognitive psychology 23 , 1-44 . samuel , a . g . ( 1996 ) . """" the role of time during lexical access """" , journal of the acoustical society of america 100 , 4 / 2 , 2572 . stevens , k . n . , and blumstein , s . e . ( 1978 ) . """" invariant cues for place of articulation in stop consonants """" , journal of the acoustical society of america 64 , 1358-1368 . warren , p . , and marslen - wilson , w . ( 1988 ) . """" cues to lexical choice - discriminating place and voice """" , perception and psychophysics 43 , 21-30 . 5 biographical details the reviewer is a lecturer in the laboratory for psycholinguistics , fpse , university of geneva , switzerland . his current research covers a variety of topics ranging from the dynamics of articulatory movements in speech production to the phonetic bases of word recognition . thanks are due to uli frauenfelder for helpful comments . a latex version of this document is available upon request ( nnguyen @ fapse . unige . ch ) .
 "",0
 2554,""Subject: 14th comparative germanic syntax workshop
  
  second announcement call for papers the 14th comparative germanic syntax workshop january 8 - 9 , 1999 , lund , sweden invited speakers : kenneth j . safir , rutgers jan - wouter zwart , groningen deadline for submission of abstracts : august 1 , 1998 the time allotted to each paper is 30 minutes , with an additional 10 minutes for discussion . send 3 copies of an anonymous two-page abstract , plus a camera-ready original with authors name , address , and affiliation , to 14th cgs c / o asa wikstrom institutionen fr nordiska sprk helgonabacken 14 s-223 62 lund sweden enquiries can be addressed to : christer . platzack @ nordlund . lu . se http : / / www . nordlund . lu . se / cgs
 "",0
 2555,""Subject: nels 29 - - final call for papers
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * n e l s 29 * * * * * * * * * * * * * annual meeting of the northeastern linguistic society * * * university of delaware , newark , de october 16-18 , 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = final call for papers = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = one - page anonymous abstracts for talks or posters on any aspect of theoretical linguistics are requested . references , but no examples may be included on a separate page . individuals may submit no more than on abstract for which they are the primary author . submissions deadline : july 1 , 1998 paper and electronic submissions will be accepted ; fax submissions will not . abstracts should be single-spaced in 12 - pt times font ( except for phonetic transcriptions ) and sized for 8 . 5 """" x11 """" paper . top margins should be at least 1 . 5 inches , with at least one inch for the bottom and side margins . submissions should include : the title , the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , mailing and email addresses where the primary author can be reached over the summer , subfield of linguistics which the abstract represents , and whether the abstract is being submitted for consideration as a talk , poster , or both . for paper submissions , ten anonymous copies should be submitted , and the author information should be typed ona 3 """" x5 """" index card . for electronic submissions , follow the instructions at the nels 29 website : < http : / / sun . ling . udel . edu / nels - 29 > address for correspondance : * * * nels 29 abstracts committee department of linguistics 46 e . delaware avenue newark , de 19716 usa email : nels - 29 @ udel . edu unless otherwise indicated , acknowledgement of receipt will be via e-mail . registration information preregistration fees * * * $ 20 ( us ) for students and $ 40 ( us ) for others before september 16 , 1998 . on - site registration fees * * * $ 25 ( us ) for students and $ 50 ( us ) for others for further information , please consult the nels 29 website or contact us at the e-mail address listed above .
 "",0
 2556,""Subject: semitic languages workshop
  
  workshop on computational approaches to semitic languages coling-acl98 sunday august 16 , 1998 , university of montreal * * call for pre - registration * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - workshop description although there exists a considerable body of cl research specifically targeted to semitic languages , much of the work to date has been the result of initiatives undertaken by individual researchers or research establishments . a direct consequence is that there is comparatively little awareness amongst practitioners of either the state of the art as practiced outside their own locality , the common challenges faced by all practitioners , or the potential for developing a coordinated approach . the aims of this workshop are therefore : * to provide a forum where current work in a broad range of subfields can be presented , collected and diffused . * to assess the state of the art with a view to identifying promising areas for future collaborative research . * to examine the possibilities of supporting such research through national and international funding initiatives . accepted papers concern arabic , hebrew , maltese and akkadian , in following subject areas : tagging , orthography , morphology , syntax / parsing / generation . the programme comprises a session for each of these themes , together with a short supplementary session for short papers . final programme : http : / / www . cs . um . edu . mt / ~ mros / casl / prog . html pre-registration : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / mainpage . html programme committee members michael rosner , university of malta , malta ( workshop coordinator ) ken beesley , xerox research centre europe , france joe caruana , university of malta , malta khalid choukri , elra / elda , france yaacov choueka , bar ilan university , israel fathi debili , cnrs-cellma ( paris ) / irmc , tunisia ray fabri , university of malta , malta mamoun hattab , arabic textware , amman , jordan george kiraz , bell labs , usa ray fabri , university of malta chadia moghrabi , univerity of moncton , canada mori rimon , hebrew university , israel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - mike rosner ( mros @ cs . um . edu . mt ) last modified : fri feb 20 15 : 08 : 23 met
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 2557,""Subject: computers and the humanities : vol 31 , no 3
  
  computers and the humanities volume 31 no . 3 1997 table of contents - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - feature articles - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - high - quality imaging at the national gallery : origins , implementation and applications david saunders pp . 153-167 plata : an application of legal , a machine learning based system , to a typology of archaeological ceramics engelbert mephu nguifo , marie - salome lagrange , monique renaud , jean sallantin pp . 169-187 digital preservation : a time bomb for digital libraries margaret hedstrom pp . 189-202 adding new words into a chinese thesaurus ji donghong , gong junping , huang changning pp . 203-227 notes and discussion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - language independent statistical software for corpus exploration john sinclair , oliver mason , jackie ball , geoff barnbrook pp . 229-255 book review - - - - - - - - - - dickens on disk eric johnson pp . 257-260 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - computers and the humanities the official journal of the association for computers and the humanities editors - in - chief : nancy ide , dept . of computer science , vassar college , usa daniel greenstein , executive , arts and humanities data services , king 's college , uk for subscriptions or information , consult the journal 's www home page : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / or contact : dieke van wijnen kluwer academic publishers spuiboulevard 50 p . o . box 17 3300 aa dordrecht the netherlands phone : ( + 31 ) 78 639 22 64 fax : ( + 31 ) 78 639 22 54 e - mail : dieke . vanwijnen @ wkap . nl members of the association for computers and the humanities ( ach ) receive a subscription to chum at less than half the price of an individual subscription . for information about ach and a membership application , consult http : / / www . ach . org / , or send email to chuck _ bush @ byu . edu .
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 2558,""Subject: prepositions workshop
  
  workshop on prepositions organized by hubert cuyckens and guenter radden , englisches seminar , universitaet hamburg friday , june 26 , 1998 14 . 00 - 14 . 15 welcoming address 14 . 15 - 14 . 40 dagmar haumann , paedagogische hochschule erfurt the projections of temporal prepositions 14 . 40 - 15 . 05 stefan schierholz , universitat gottingen regierte praepositionen des deutschen 15 . 05 - 15 . 30 niina ning zhang , zas , berlin locative prepositions in chinese 15 . 30 - 15 . 45 discussion of section papers 16 . 15 - 16 . 40 britta mondorf , universitaet paderborn the effect of prepositional complements on the choice of synthetic or analytic comparatives and superlatives 16 . 40 - 17 . 05 gunter rohdenburg , universitaet paderborn grammatische variation im englischen : zur variablen verwendung von prepositionen 17 . 05 - 17 . 30 priska - monika hottenroth , universitaet hamburg lexical subordination und die rolle der praepostionen im franzoesischen 17 . 30 - 17 . 45 discussion of section papers 18 . 00 - 18 . 25 annette leimllmann , universitaet hamburg getting across 18 . 25 - 18 . 50 hubert cuyckens , universitaet hamburg & antwerpen the preposition to : prepositional and infinitival uses 18 . 50 - 19 . 15 frank brisard and dominiek sandra , antwerp university spatial prepositions and their functional implications 19 . 15 - 19 . 40 birgitta meex , antwerp university die uebertragenen bedeutungen der praeposition ueber 19 . 40 - 20 . 00 discussion of section papers saturday , june 27 , 1998 9 . 00 - 9 . 25 claudio di meola , universitaet koeln praepositionaler rektionswechsel im deutschen unter dem gesichtspunkt der grammatikalisierung 9 . 25 - 9 . 50 kristine jensen de lpez and chris sinha , aarhus university the grammatical and psychological status of zapotec body-part terms : a developmental and cognitive linguistic study 9 . 50 - 10 . 15 tania kuteva , universitaet koeln be + loc . preposition + main verb auxiliation in the languages of europe 10 . 15 - 10 . 40 mechtild reh , universitaet hamburg the story of the southern lwoo preposition * kuom 11 . 40 - 11 . 00 discussion of section papers 11 . 15 - 11 . 40 guenter radden and elisabeth mathis , universitaet hamburg prepositional construal of similarity 11 . 40 - 12 . 05 olaf jaekel , universitaet hamburg prepositions from an onomasiological perspective : the logic of mental containment 12 . 05 - 12 . 30 ren dirven , universitaet duisburg about aboutness 12 . 30 - 12 . 55 elena bellavia , universitaet giessen das lehren der polysemie der praepositionen in deutsch als fremdsprache 12 . 55 - 13 . 15 discussion of section papers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dr . hubert cuyckens universitaet hamburg englisches seminar von - melle - park 6 d-20146 hamburg tel : + 49-40 - 4123-4853 / - 5972 fax : + 49-40 - 4123-4856 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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 2559,""Subject: phonetics , phonology : intonational phonology
  
  intonational phonology d . robert ladd ( university of edinburgh ) ; intonational phonology ; isbn : 0-521 - 47498 - 1 ; $ 64 . 95 hardback , 6 x 9 , 349 pp . ; pub . date : 1 / 13 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press intonation is becoming increasingly prominent in areas from phonology to speech recognition . ladd gives an exceptionally clear overview of the key ideas of pierrehumbert 's autosegmental-metrical theory to intonational phonology , and discusses alternative approaches . he also looks critically at the version put forward by generativists , and offers his own solutions . this book will appeal to phonologists as an original contribution , and will be welcomed by students and researchers , who will find in it the ideal overview of recent work . ; contents : 1 . introduction to intonational phonology ; 2 . fundamental concepts of the autosegmental-metrical theory ; 3 . phonological representation of pitch in the am theory ; 4 . cross - language comparison of intonation ; 5 . patterns of prominence ; 6 . prosodic structure ; 7 . pitch range ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html
 "",0
 2560,""Subject: sociolinguistics
  
  social influences on vocal development social influences on vocal development ; isbn : 0-521 - 49526 - 1 ; hardback , 7 1 / 2 x 9 3 / 4 , 362 pp . ; charles t . snowdon , ed . ( university of wisconsin , madison ) ; pub . date : 3 / 28 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 90 ; both song and language require species-specific stimulation at a sensitive period in development , as well as subsequent practice ( subsong and plastic song in birds and babbling in infant humans ) that leads to the development of characteristic vocalizations for each species . this book illustrates how social interactions during development can shape vocal learning and extend the sensitive period beyond infancy , and how social companions can induce flexibility even into adulthood . this book shows how social companions in a wide range of species including birds and humans as well as cetaceans and nonhuman primates play important roles in the shaping of vocal production as well as the comprehension and appropriate use of vocal communication . ; contents : 1 . introduction , c . t . snowdon &amp ; m . hausberger / 2 . social interaction and sensitive phases for song learning : a critical review , d . a . nelson / 3 . social interaction and vocal development in birds , l . f . baptista &amp ; s . l . l . gaunt / 4 . building a social agenda for the study of bird song , m . j . west , a . p . king &amp ; t . m . freeberg / 5 . field observations , experimental design and the time and place of learning in bird songs , r . b . payne &amp ; l . l . payne / 6 . vocal learning in wild and domesticated zebra finches : signature cues for kin recognition or epiphenomena ? , r . zann / 7 . what birds with complex social relationships can tell us about vocal learning : vocal sharing in avian groups , e . d . brown &amp ; s . m . farabaugh / 8 . social influences on song acquisition and sharing in the european starling ( sturnus vulgaris ) , m . hausberger / 9 . social influences on the acquisition of human-based codes in parrots and nonhuman primates , i . m . pepperberg / 10 . vocal learning in captive bottlenose dolphins : a comparison to humans and nonhuman animals , b . mccowan &amp ; d . reiss / 11 . vocal learning in cetaceans , p . l . tyack &amp ; l . s . sayigh / 12 . social influences on vocal development in new world primates , c . t . snowdon , a . m . elowson &amp ; r . s . roush / 13 . some general features of vocal development in nonhuman primates , r . m . seyfarth &amp ; d . l . cheney / 14 . social influences on vocal learning in human and nonhuman primates , j . l . locke &amp ; c . snow / 15 . the resilience of language in humans , s . goldin - meadow / 16 . reciprocal interactions and the development of communication and language between parents and children , annick jouanjean - l ' anto ^ d&quot ; ene / 17 . crafting activities : building social organization through language in girls ' and boys ' groups , m . harness goodwin ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html interaction and the development of mind a . j . wootton ( university of york ) ; interaction and the development of mind ; isbn : 0-521 - 57341 - 6 ; hardback , 5 1 / 2 x 8 1 / 2 , 230 pp . ; pub . date : 4 / 13 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 54 . 95 ; this study identifies key mechanisms through which a young child operates with external knowledge in his / her immediate social context . central to this is the child 's capacity to draw on discourse-based understandings that have become evident in prior interaction . in contrast to studies that analyze development under different headings , such as language , emotions and cognition , tony wootton links these aspects in his examination of the state of understanding that exists at any given moment in interaction . the result is a distinctive social constructionist approach to children 's development . ; contents : 1 . overview of arguments and procedures ; 2 . requesting at 12-24 months : an overview ; 3 . imperatives and sequential knowledge ; 4 . distressing incidents ; 5 . the emergence of two request forms ; 6 . general skills involved in early requesting . ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html language shift and cultural reproduction : socialization , self and syncretism in a papua new guinea village don kulick ( stockholm university ) ; language shift and cultural reproduction : socialization , self and syncretism in a papua new guinea village ; isbn : 0-521 - 59926 - 1 ; paperback , 6 x 9 , 335 pp . ; pub . date : 4 / 28 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 24 . 95 ; don kulick 's book is an anthropological study of language and cultural change among a small group of people living in the sepik region of papua new guinea . he examines why the villagers of gapun are abandoning their vernacular in favor of tok pisin , the most widely spoken language in papua new guinea , despite their attachment to their own language as a source of identity and as a tie to their lands . he draws on an examination of village language socialization process and on marshall sahlins 's ideas about structure and event . ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html
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 2561,""Subject: morphology and syntax
  
  describing morphosyntax : a guide for field linguists thomas e . payne ( university of oregon ) ; describing morphosyntax : a guide for field linguists ; isbn : 0-521 - 58224 - 5 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 430 pp . ; pub . date : 10 / 31 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 64 . 95 ; this book is a guide for linguistic fieldworkers who wish to write a description of the morphology and syntax of one of the world 's many underdocumented languages . it offers readers who work through it one possible outline for a grammatical description , with many questions designed to help them address the key topics . appendices offer guidance on text and elicited data , and on sample reference grammars that readers might wish to consult . this will be a valuable resource to anyone engaged in linguistic fieldwork . ; contents : introduction ; 1 . demographic and ethnographic information ; 2 . morphological typology ; 3 . grammatical categories ; 4 . constituent order typology ; 5 . noun and noun-phrase operations ; 6 . predicate nominals and related constructions ; 7 . grammatical relations ; ! 8 . voice and valence adjusting operations ; 9 . other verb and veb-phrase operations ; 10 . pragmatically marked structures ; 11 . clause combinations ; 12 . conclusions : the language in use ; appendix 1 : on text and elicited data ; appendix 2 : sample reference grammars ; references ; indexes ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html parameters of morphosyntactic change parameters of morphosyntactic change ; isbn : 0-521 - 58402 - 7 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 556 pp . ; ans van kemenade , ed . ( free university of amsterdam ) ; pub . date : 6 / 30 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 74 . 95 ; the relationship between changes in ( inflectional ) morphology and the consequences of these changes in syntax has been a perennial issue in historical linguistics . the contributors to this volume address the issue of how to model the phenomena of syntactic and morphological change within recent frameworks , including the minimalist programme . topics addressed include the way categories like aspect and mood interact over time with the valency of verbs ; the nature of changes in verb placement ; the changing division of labor between different types of argument marking - - case , word order , clitics , agreement . ^ l the volume contains chapters by many of the leading scholars in the field . there is a substantial introduction which reviews the development of ideas in generative histori ! cal syntax over the last fifteen years , and assesses the distinctive properties of the generative position . the volume will appeal to those working in theoretical syntax , and also to specialists in the history of german , french and the romance and germanic languages more broadly . ; contents : introduction : parameters and morphosyntactic change ans van kemenade and nigel vincent ; part i . aspect , argument structure and case selection : 1 . the interdependence of cas , aspect and referentiality in the history of german werner abraham ; 2 . the rise of the article in the germanic languages julia philippi ; 3 . the diachronic development of a modal verb of necessity paola beninca and cecilia poletto ; 4 . auxiliary verbs in old and middle french philip h . miller ; 5 . commentary on part i : aspect , argument structure and case selection alessandra tomaselli ; part ii . clitics : 6 . the emergence of the d - system in romance nigel vincent ; 7 . on two locations for complement clitic pronouns maria luisa ! rivero ; 8 . on the integration of second position phenomena josep m second and comp : 9 . shifting triggers and diachronic reanalyses david lightfoot ; 10 . viewing change in progress alison henry ; 11 . verb movement in old and middle english anthony kroch and ann taylor ; 12 . v2 and embedded topicalization in old and middle english ans van kemenade ; 13 . qu ' est-ce que ce que : the diachronic evolution of a french complementizer laurie zaring and paul hirschbuhler ; 14 . the structure of parametric change , and v - movement in the history of english anthony warner ; part iv . scrambling and morphological change : 15 . directionality and word orderchange in the history of english ian roberts ; 16 . on the relation between morphological and syntactic case fred weerman ; 17 . the rise of positional licensing paul kiparsky ; the papers by kiparsky , roberts and weerman : an epilogue hoskuldur thrainsson ; references ; index . ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html a notional theory of syntactic categories john m . anderson ( university of edinburgh ) ; a notional theory of syntactic categories ; isbn : 0-521 - 58023 - 4 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 365 pp . ; pub . date : 4 / 28 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 69 . 95 ; this book presents an innovative theory of syntactic categories and the lexical classes they define . it revives the traditional idea that these are to be distinguished notionally ( semantically ) . the author proposes a notation based on semantic features that accounts for the syntactic behavior of classes . the book also presents a case for considering this classification - - again in a rather traditional vein - - to be basic to determining the syntactic structure of sentences . ; contents : 1 . prelude ; 2 . fundamentals of a notional theory ; 3 . the syntax of categories . ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html the raising of predicates : predicative noun phrases and the theory of clause structure andrea moro ( istituto scientifico h san raffaele , milan ) ; the raising of predicates : predicative noun phrases and the theory of clause structure ; isbn : 0-521 - 56233 - 3 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 328 pp . ; pub . date : 1 / 13 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 64 . 95 ; one of the basic premises of the theory of syntax is that clause structures can be minimally identified as containing a verb phrase , playing the role of predicate , and a noun phrase , playing the role of subject . in this study andrea moro identifies a new category of copular sentences , namely inverse copular sentences , where the predicative noun phrase occupies the position that is canonically reserved for subjects . in the process , he sheds new light on such classical issues as the distribution and nature of expletives , locality theory and cliticization phenomena . ; contents : 1 . the anomaly of copular sentences : the raising of predicates ; 2 . the syntax of ci ; 3 . are there parameters in semantics ? the defining properties of e ! xistential sentences ; 4 . the ' quasi-copula ' : on the role of finite clauses in seem-sentences ; 5 . a view beyond : unaccusativity as an epiphenomenon ; appendix : a brief history of the copula . ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html
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 2562,""Subject: semantics
  
  the dynamics of focus structure nomi erteschik - shir ( ben - gurion university of the negev ) ; the dynamics of focus structure ; isbn : 0-521 - 59217 - 8 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 294 pp . ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 64 . 95 ; all modes of perception ( vision , hearing , etc . ) are organized into foreground or focus and background constituents . natural language sentences are no different . this book explores the role of focusing in natural language sentences and the role of this basic cognitive mechanism in explaining sentence stress , meaning and structure . the result is an innovative view of our linguistic competence . ; contents : introduction ; 1 . the interpretation of f-structure ; 2 . reference and coreference ; 3 . negation , questions and contrast ; 4 . the phonological interpretation f-structure ; 5 . scope and r-dependencies ; 6 . i - dependencies in da s-structure ; conclusion ; references ; index of names ; index of subjects . order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html focus and natural language processing : linguistic , cognitive , and computational perspectives focus and natural language processing : linguistic , cognitive , and computational perspectives ; isbn : 0-521 - 58305 - 5 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , c . 300 pp . ; p . bosch , ed . ( institute for logic and linguistics , ibm , germany ) ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 59 . 95 ; this books presents a collection of papers on the issue of focus in its broadest sense . while commonly considered as being related to phenomena such as presupposition and anaphora , focusing is much more widely spread , and it is this pervasiveness that the current collection addresses . the work loosely originates from a conference held in 1994 in schloss wolfsbrunnen in germany , although only a small subpart of the proceedings papers presented are included here . the contributed papers have been reworked for the current volume to present a coherent study of the subject . ; contents : introduction ; part 1 ; intonation and syntax ; 1 ; contrastive stress , contrariety and focus ; 2 ; the processing of information structure in synphonics ; 3 ; focus and sentence accents in english ; 4 ; informational autonomy ; 5 ; focus and operator scope in german ; 6 ; subject - prodrop in yiddish ; 7 ; remarks on intonation and """" focus """" ; part 2 ; semantics ; 8 ; what is the alternative ? ; 9 ; topic ; 10 ; focus with nominal quantifiers ; 11 ; dependencies in focus-structure ; 12 ; topic , focus and negation ; 13 ; topic , focus and weak quantifiers ; 14 ; focus , quantification , and semantics-pragmatic issues ; 15 ; association with focus or association with presupposition ? ; 16 ; time adverbials in sentence and discourse ; part 3 ; discourse ; 17 ; focusing particles and ellipsis resolution ; 18 ; discourse and the focus / background distinction ; 19 ; on different kinds of focus ; 20 ; stressed and unstressed pronouns : complementary preferences ; 21 ; frame shifts : indefinite reference to familiar referents ; 22 ; discourse linking and discourse subordination ; 23 ; domain restriction ; 24 ; updates , files and focus-ground ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html
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 2563,""Subject: cognitive linguistics
  
  possession : cognitive sources , forces and grammaticalization bernd heine ( university of cologne ) ; possession : cognitive sources , forces and grammaticalization ; isbn : 0-521 - 55037 - 8 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 290 pp . ; pub . date : 6 / 30 / 97 publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 64 . 95 ; bernd heine argues that the structure of grammatical categories is predictable to a large extent once we know the range of possible cognitive structures from which they are derived . the author uses as his example the structure of predicative possession , and shows how most of the possessive constructions to be found in the world 's languages can be traced back to a small set of basic conceptual patterns . using grammaticalization theory heine describes how each affects the word order and morphosyntax of the resulting possessive construction . ; contents : 1 . the state / 2 . the process / 3 . on attributive possession / 4 . from possession to aspect / 5 . evaluation / appendix : a world-wide survey of have-constructions / references ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html color categories in thought and language color categories in thought and language ; isbn : 0-521 - 49693 - 4 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 414 pp . ; c . l . hardin , ed . ( emeritus , syracuse university ) ; pub . date : 7 / 30 / 97 publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 74 . 95 ; twenty - five years ago , berlin and kay argued that there are commonalities of basic color term use that extend across languages and cultures , and probably express universal features of perception and cognition . in this volume , a distinguished team of contributors from visual science , psychology , linguistics and anthropology examine how these claims have fared in the light of current knowledge , surveying key ideas , results and techniques from the study of human color vision as well as field methods and theoretical interpretations drawn from linguistic anthropology . order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html mappings in thought and language gilles fauconnier ( university of california , san diego ) ; mappings in thought and language ; isbn : 0-521 - 46062 - x ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 217 pp . ; pub . date : 4 / 30 / 97 publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 54 . 95 ; meaning in everyday thought and language is constructed at lightning speed . we are not conscious of the staggering complexity of the cognitive operations that drive our simplest behavior . this book reveals the creativity that underlies our effortless use of language in everyday life , when we engage in conversation , understand humor , or solve puzzles . the capacities and principles that we develop from infancy for ordinary thinking and talking are also the ones that drive scientific and artistic thought , high-level reasoning , and conceptual change . ; content : 1 . mappings / 2 . mental space connections / 3 . tense and mood / 4 . analogical counterfactuals / 5 . matching / 6 . blends ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html language and conceptualization language and conceptualization ; isbn : 0-521 - 55303 - 2 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 289 pp . ; jan nuyts , ed . ( university of antwerp ) ; pub . date : 5 / 31 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 59 . 95 ; to what extent is conceptualization based on linguistic representation ? and to what extent is it variable across cultures , communities or even individuals ? of crucial importance in the attempt to develop a comprehensive theory of human cognition , these remain among the most difficult questions in the cognitive sciences . this volume brings together ten new contributions from leading scholars working in a wide cross section of disciplines , including linguistics , anthropology , psychology and philosophy . ; contents : 1 . overview : on the relationship between language and conceptualization , jan nuyts and eric pederson / 2 . from outer to inner space : linguistic categories and non-linguistic thinking , stephen c . levinson / 3 . spatial operations in deixis , cognition and culture , balthasar bickel / 4 . remote worlds : the conceptual representation of linguistic would , paul werth / 5 . role and individual representations of change predicates , eve sweetser / 6 . changing place in english and german : language-specific preferences in the conceptualisation of spatial relations , mary carroll / 7 . mapping conceptual representations into linguistic representations : the role of attention in grammar , russell s . tomlin / 8 . growth points cross-linguistically , david mcneill / 9 . on the modularity of sentence processing : semantical generality and the language of thought , jay atlas / 10 . the contextual basis of cognitive semantics , ronald w . langacker / 11 . the cognitive foundations of pragmatic principles : implications for theories of linguistic and cognitive representation , edward a robinson . order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html comprehension : a paradigm for cognition walter kintsch ( university of colorado , boulder ) ; comprehension : a paradigm for cognition ; isbn : 0-521 - 58360 - 8 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 461 pp . ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 69 . 95 ; in this book , walter kintsch presents a theory of human text comprehension and extends his analysis to related areas . comprehension is conceptualized as a two-stage process : first , approximate , inaccurate representations are constructed via context insensitive construction rules , which are then integrated via a spreading activation constraint satisfaction process . in part i , the general theory is presented and an attempt is made to situate it within the current theoretical landscape in cognitive science . the second part addresses many of the topics that are typically found in a cognitive psychology text , including how word meanings are identified in a discourse context ; how words are combined to form coherent representations of texts , both at the local and global level ; what the role is of working memory in comprehension ; how relevant knowledge is activated during reading ; and what is the distinction between remembering a text and learning from a text . ; contents : 1 . introduction / part i . the theory / 2 . cognition and representation / 3 . propositional representations / 4 . modeling comprehension processes : the construction - integration model / part ii . models of comprehension / 5 . word identification in discourse / 6 . textbases and situation models / 7 . the role of working memory in comprehension / 8 . memory for text / 9 . learning from text / 10 . word problems / 11 . beyond text ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html
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 2564,""Subject: historical linguistics
  
  historical linguistics and language change roger lass ( university of cape town ) ; historical linguistics and language change ; isbn : 0-521 - 45924 - 9 ; paperback , 6 x 9 , c . 471 pp . ; pub . date : 04-13 - 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 29 . 95 ; language change happens in the spatio-temporal world . historical linguistics is the craft linguists exercise upon its results , in order to tell coherent stories about it . in a series of linked essays roger lass offers a critical survey of the foundations of the art of historical linguistics , and its interaction with its subject matter , language change , taking as his background some of the major philosophical issues that arise fromthese considerations . the paradoxical conclusion is that our historiographical methods are often better than the data they have to work with . ; contents : preface ; general prologue ; 1 . the past , the present and the historian ; 2 . written records : evidence and argument ; 3 . relatedness , ancestry and comparison ; 4 . convergence and contact ; 5 . the nature of reconstruction ; 6 . time and change : the shape ( s ) of history ; 7 . explanation and ontology ; references ; index . order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html
 "",0
 2565,""Subject: relevance theory workshop : provisional schedule
  
  here is the * provisional * programme for the forthcoming relevance theory workshop . a registration form is included at the end of the programme ( reduced rate for registration before 1 july ) . hard copies of the registration form can be obtained from vlad zegarac at the address below . on registration , participants will receive abstracts of the papers together with travel information . ( steve nicolle ) relevance theory workshop - provisional programme tuesday 8 sept 11 . 00 registration begins ( set up posters ) 1 . 00 lunch 2 . 15 - 4 . 00 panel on conceptual and procedural encoding jaqcues moeschler ( anne reboul ) - directional inferences and the conceptual / procedural encoding distinction tomoko matsui - implicature , explicature , higher-level explicature and procedural constraints : japanese connectives dakara and sorede thorstein fretheim - are there at least two at least ' ? 4 . 30 - 4 . 50 corinne iten - procedural meaning : the cases of ' although ' and ' but ' 4 . 50 - 5 . 30 invited talk : diane blakemore - procedural meaning : ' nevertheless ' , ' yet ' and ' but ' ( again ) 5 . 35 - 6 . 00 discussion 6 . 15 - 7 . 00 invited talk : robyn carston - truth - conditional semantics and what is communicated 8 . 15 keynote speech : deirdre wilson wed 9 september ( at university of luton conference centre , putteridge berry ) 9 . 30-11 . 15 panel on non - truth conditional meaning reiko itani - on sentence particle ne joo peres / rui marques - narrowing and structuring the domain of conversational implicature cassandre cresswell - non - argument reflexives in english : a pragmatic analysis 11 . 45-12 . 55 panel on reference anne reboul - a relevance theoretic approach to reference george powell - the deferred use of proper names 2 . 00 - 2 . 45 vicky escandell - vidal - metapropositons as metarepresentations 3 . 00 - 4 . 45 panel on relevance theory and literature ian mackenzie - relevance and deconstruction john constable - metre as an engine of unstructured implication christoph unger - on the influence of genre on the deduction of implicatures 5 . 15 - 6 . 25 panel on relevance theory and philosophy lszl tarnay - how to kleiber a sperber - wilson ? tams plya - on rationality and relevance 7 . 45 - 9 . 30 panel on reformulations of relevance theory richard breheny - reformulations in relevance theory and stronger meaning ernst - august gutt - relevance and effort : a paper for discussion milena nuti - the cary - anne situation thurs 10 sept - a . m . 9 . 00-10 . 00 panel on non - truth conditional meaning anna papafragou - the comprehension of indirect requests : pragmatic and developmental perspectives nathalie franken - speech acts in relevance theory : a critical assessment 10 . 20-11 . 00 peter grundy - explicature , implicature and cultural affiliation 11 . 00 - 1 . 30 papers on applications of relevance theory robin setton - relevance theory and simultaneous conference interpretation alex klinge - context construction and conventionalisation guylaine gonel / bernard levrat - taking relevance into account in question-answering systems : an approach of relevance theory modelling followed by lagb workshop on experimental pragmatics . registration form if you wish to register , please complete this form and send it back with ( evidence of ) your payment to the following address : vlad zegarac dept . of linguistics university of luton faculty of humanities 75 castle street luton bedfordshire lu1 3aj united kingdom name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address for correspondence : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i would like to register for : ( please circle a or b ) a - - - - - - - - - - the whole conference package b - - - - - - - - - - the conference fee + the options as indicated below ( please put a tick on the line next to your chosen options ) the """" package """" price : stlg95 ( if sent to arrive by the end of june 1998 ) this includes : conference fee ( obligatory ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ options ( included in the package ) : lunch ( 8th sept . ) stlg7 , 50 _ _ _ dinner ( 8th sept . ) stlg7 . 50 _ _ _ accommodation ( inc . breakfast ) ( 8 / 9 sept . ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ lunch ( 9th sept . ) stlg10 _ _ _ _ _ dinner ( 9th sept . ) stlg10 _ _ _ _ _ accommodation ( inc . breakfast ) ( 9 / 10 sept ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ extra options ( not included in the package ) : accommodation ( inc . breakfast ) ( 7 / 8 sept . ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ accommodation ( inc . breakfast ) ( 10 / 11 sept . ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ lunch ( 10 sept . ) stlg7 , 50 _ _ for payments made after the end of june 1998 add an extra stlg5 methods of payment : return a hard copy of this form and either : 1 . enclose a cheque ( made payable to university of luton ) or 2 . complete and sign the following instruction : please debit stlg _ _ _ _ _ _ from my visa / mastercard number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ valid until _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name in print : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ or 3 . pay by direct bank transfer to the university of luton , midland bank plc . , george street , luton , beds , united kingdom account number : 81276360 sort code : 40 - 30 - 32 ( please encolse a bank receipt )
 "",0
 2566,""Subject: honored by two keynote speakers
  
  international conference on natural language processing and industrial applications nlp + ia 98 > > > special accent on computer assisted language learning < < < conference internationale sur le traitement automatique des langues et ses applications industrielles tal + ai 98 > > > attention speciale portee a l ' enseignement de la langue < < < august / aout 18-21 , 1998 moncton , new - brunswick , canada we are honored that two renouned speakers have accepted our invitation / nous sommes honores par deux conferenciers de grande renommee qui ont accepte notre invitation : margaret king : issco , university of geneva , switzerland talk on language resources and evaluation / ressources et evaluation linguistiques thierry chanier : universite franche - comte , france presentation sur l ' enseignement de la langue et le tal / talk on language learning and nlp make sure not to miss them . . . soyez - la ! official languages : english and french are the official languages of the conference . proceedings would be published in the language of the submitted texts . conference organization : the conference is organized by gretal , groupe d ' etude sur le traitement automatique des langues at the universite ' de moncton and geta-clips in grenoble . organizing committee chadia moghrabi , professor of computer science , chair jalal almhana , professor and director of computer science julien chiasson , professor of computer science sadek eid , professor of industrial engineering , director manufacturing technology centre , boubakeur meddeb - hamrouni , researcher geta-clips and winsoft paul tarau , professor of computer science * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dr . chadia moghrabi , professeure * * nlp + ia / tal + ai 98 * * departement d ' informatique * * faculte des sciences * * universite de moncton tel : ( 506 ) 858-4521 * * moncton , n . - b . fax : ( 506 ) 858-4541 * * e1a 3e9 , canada e-mail : nlp + ia - 98 @ imag . fr * * sabbatique au geta-clips / tel : + 33 476 51 4369 / fax : + 33 476 51 4405 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",0
 2567,""Subject: corrected announcement of the syllable conference
  
  final and corrected conference announcement the syllable : typology and theory to be held at tuebingen , germany june 30th 1998 to july 2nd 1998 monday , 29 june 1998 18 . 00-20 . 00 welcome and informal registration ( hotel am schloss ) tuesday , 30 june 1998 ( schloss hohentuebingen , fuerstenzimmer ) 9 . 30 - 9 . 45 opening remarks 9 . 45 - 10 . 45 stuart davis , university of indiana , bloomington the controversy over geminates and syllable weight . 11 . 00 - 12 . 00 haruo kubozono , kobe university syllable weight and asymmetries in a mora language . 1 . 30 - 2 . 30 frida morelli , university of maryland , college park the onset / coda asymmetry in obstruent clusters . 2 . 45 - 3 . 45 junko ito and armin mester , uc , santa cruz and university of tuebingen issues in german syllabification . 4 . 00 - 5 . 00 steven mccartney , university of helsinki and university of texas , austin opacity in finnish and an account of the ` ` exceptions ' ' . 5 . 15 - 6 . 15 paul kiparsky , stanford university syllables and moras in arabic . wednesday , 1st july 1998 9 . 30 - 10 . 30 ruben van de vijver , tuebingen university civ - lengthening and the syllable contact law 10 . 45 - 11 . 45 joao costa and m . joao freitas , university of lisbon v and cv as unmarked syllables : evidence from the acquisition of portuguese . 1 . 30 - 2 . 30 antony dubach green , zentrum fr sprachwissenschaft , berlin extrasyllabic consonants in onset position . 2 . 45 - 3 . 45 caroline wiltshire , university of florida , gainesville beyond codas : word and phrase final alignment . 4 . 00 - 5 . 00 john mccarthy , university of massachusetts , amherst prosodic theory and prosodic templates . party thursday , 2nd july 1998 ( max - plank - haus , spemannstr . 26 ) 9 . 30 - 10 . 30 harry van der hulst , leiden university syllable structure and segmental structure are one . 10 . 45 - 11 . 45 marc van oostendorp , leiden university fricatives and final devoicing in frisian and dutch . 1 . 30 - 2 . 30 richard wiese , marburg university root shapes as syllable constraints . 2 . 45 - 3 . 45 draga zec , cornell university , ithaca prosodic weight . for more information , please see our website : http : / / coletrane . sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de / lehrstuhl / ruben / conference . html mail to author or ruben-van - de-vijver @ uni-tuebingen . de * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * caroline fery phone : + 7071-29 - 77304 seminar fuer sprachwissenschaft fax : + 7071-550 520 wilhelmstr . 113 caroline . fery @ uni-tuebingen . de 72074 tuebingen germany * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 "",0
 2568,""Subject: lexical functional grammar conf : final call for papers
  
  final call for papers lfg98 1998 international lexical functional grammar conference 30 june - 2 july 1998 the university of queensland , brisbane , australia - - - - > submission receipt deadline : 30 january 1998 < - - - - url : http : / / www . sultry . arts . usyd . edu . au / lfg98 / enquiries : lfg98 @ sultry . arts . usyd . edu . au you are invited you to participate in lfg98 which will take place from 30 june till 2 july 1998 at emmanuel college , the university of queensland , brisbane , australia . lfg98 , the third in a series of international conferences , will take place just before the australian linguistic society annual meeting and the two week australian linguistic institute . the conference welcomes work both within the formal architecture of lexical - functional grammar and typological , formal , and computational work within the 's pirit of lfg ' , as a lexicalist approach to language employing a parallel , constraint-based framework . the conference aims to promote interaction and collaboration among researchers interested in nonderivational approaches to grammar , where grammar is seen as the interaction of constraints from multiple levels , including category information , grammatical relations , and semantic information . further information about the syntactic theory lfg can be obtained from : http : / / clwww . essex . ac . uk / lfg / participation lfg98 will be attended by most of the leading figures in the international lfg community including farrell ackerman , avery andrews , kersti borjars , joan bresnan , mary dalrymple , ron kaplan , k . p . mohanan , tara mohanan , nigel vincent , annie zaenen , . . . submissions the conference will involve 20 - minute talks , poster / system presentations , and workshops . talks and poster presentations will focus on results from completed as well as ongoing research , with an emphasis on novel approaches , methods , ideas , and perspectives , whether descriptive , theoretical , formal or computational . we particularly welcome papers and suggestions for workshops on languages of the asia - pacific region . abstracts and papers must be received by 30 january 1998 , and should be submitted to the program committee chairs at the address given below . organisers and their contact addresses send paper / abstract / poster submissions and inquiries about submissions to : program committee chairs : tracy king < thking @ parc . xerox . com > miriam butt < miriam . butt @ uni-konstanz . de > mail : tracy holloway king information sciences and technologies laboratory xerox parc 3333 coyote hill road palo alto ca 94304 usa contact the conference organisers at : organisers : christopher manning < cmanning @ mail . usyd . edu . au > jane simpson < jhs @ mail . usyd . edu . au > email : lfg98 @ sultry . arts . usyd . edu . au mail : christopher manning or jane simpson linguistics f12 university of sydney nsw 2006 australia more information ( registration , abstract specifications , etc . ) more information is available in the full call for papers , available at the conference website : http : / / www . sultry . arts . usyd . edu . au / lfg98 /
 "",0
 2569,""Subject: icslp ' 98
  
  call for papers for the 5th international conference on spoken language processing icslp ' 98 sydney convention & exhibition centre november 30th - december 4th 1998 the icslp ' 98 conference will continue the eight year tradition of the icslp series in bringing together professionals from all the diverse disciplines that contribute to spoken language processing . it will be the premier international display of the state-of - the-art in this broad field in 1998 . the conference will build bridges between people and sub-disciplines in order to create and nurture synergies that are important for the future of the field . keynote presentations and other plenary events which bring both experience and vision of multi-disciplinary attacks on grand challenges in spoken language processing in both humans and machines will contribute to our aims . a student day at which full-time student registrants may present their ideas under the guidance of senior mentors is also planned . however , it is the quality of the delegate presentations which will be the major factor in making icslp ' 98 a truly landmark event . this call for papers offers to you the opportunity to be a part of this significant event . co-sponsoring societies acoustical society of america acoustical society of china acoustical society of japan acoustical society of korea association for computational linguistics association for computational linguistics and chinese language processing audiological society of australia inc . australian linguistic society european speech communication association ieee signal processing society international phonetic association international society for phonetic sciences international advisory board souguil j . m . ann , seoul national university , korea jens p . blauert , ruhr - universitaet , germany michael brooke , university of bath , united kingdom timothy bunnell , university of delaware , usa anne cutler , max - planck - institute for psycholinguistics , netherlands hiroya fujisaki , science university of tokyo , japan julia hirschberg , at&t bell laboratories , usa bjorn granstrom , royal institute of technology , sweden lin - shan lee , national taiwan university , taiwan roger moore , defence research authority , united kingdom john j . ohala , university of california , berkeley , usa louis c . w . pols , university of amsterdam , netherlands christel sorin , centre nationale d ' etude des telecommunications , france yoh ' ichi tohkura , atr , japan jialu zhang , academia sinica , china conference secretariat tour hosts conference & exhibition organisers gpo box 128 sydney nsw 2000 australia tel : + 61 2 9262 2277 fax : + 61 2 9262 3135 email : icslp98 @ tourhosts . com . au submission procedure submissions are invited in any of the following technical topic areas : a . human speech production , acoustic - phonetics and articulatory models b . human speech perception c . language acquisition : first and second languages d . spoken language and dialogue modelling ; dialogue systems e . isolated word recognition f . large vocabulary continuous speech recognition g . utterance verification and word spotting h . speaker adaptation and normalisation in speech recognition i . speaker and language recognition ; dialects and speaking styles j . multilingual perception and recognition k . signal processing , speech analysis and feature extraction l . robust speech processing in adverse environments m . hidden markov model techniques n . artificial neural networks , fuzzy and evolutionary algorithms o . spoken language understanding systems p . text - to - speech synthesis q . prosody and emotion ; focus , stress and accent r . speech coding s . spoken language generation systems ; concept - to - speech t . spoken language translation systems u . analysis of speech and hearing disorders v . speech processing for the speech - impaired and hearing - impaired w . segmentation , labelling and speech corpora x . speech technology applications and human - machine interfaces y . spoken language processing and multimodality z . other areas of spoken language processing format of submission acceptance of papers for presentation at the conference will be on the basis of reviewed summaries . you should submit a summary of your paper comprising approximately 500 words . at the top of the page , please specify the following : corresponding author contact details : full name full postal mail address email address fax number phone number proposed paper details : paper title author list topic id ( a - z ) four additional keywords presentation preference ( oral , poster , student day ) the topic id should be a single category from the topic list specified as an alphabetic letter ; if your submission falls within the broad area of spoken language processing but is not explicitly represented in the topic list , please use the z category . the four additional keywords are requested in order to assist the programme committee in assigning reviewers . means of submission electronic submission of summaries via the world wide web is preferred . a summary submission form is available via url at http : / / cslab . anu . edu . au / icslp98 alternatively , a pro-forma for email submission can be obtained from this url or by emailing icslp98 @ tourhosts . com . au . email submissions should be sent to icslp98 @ one . net . au . if electronic submission is not possible , postal submissions ( 4 copies ) to the icslp ' 98 secretariat address specified below will be accepted provided that they adhere to the above format . please do not fax submissions . restrictions on submissions please note that only ascii summaries written in english will be accepted . do not include any attachments , graphics , or embedded formatting commands . given the large number of submissions we expect to receive , anything that cannot be printed directly will be rejected without consideration . acknowledgment of receipt you should receive an acknowledgment of receipt within 72 hours of electronically submitting your summary . if this does not happen , then you should resend your submission by email to icslp98 @ one . net . au with the word resubmission at the beginning of the subject line . if an acknowledgment is still not forthcoming , an email problem should be assumed , and the summary submitted by fax . please do not resubmit or send by fax for any other reasons than lack of acknowledgment from the conference . conditions of acceptance all papers must be presented in english by one of the listed authors . that author will be required to register no later than the full-paper submission date . summaries will not be accepted after the submission date . student day submissions students wishing to submit papers for the sst student day should submit summaries as above . these submissions will be separately reviewed and published under the banner of the 7th australian speech science & technology conference and will also be included on the cdrom containing the icslp ' 98 proceedings . submission addresses world wide web : url = http : / / cslab . anu . edu . au / icslp98 e - mail submission : icslp98 @ one . net . au postal : icslp ' 98 secretariat , gpo box 128 , sydney , nsw 2001 , australia technical queries : robert dale - email : rdale @ mpce . mq . edu . au general information : email : icslp98 @ tourhosts . com . au important dates friday 1st may , 1998 paper summaries due for review friday 26th june , 1998 acceptance notification friday 21st august , 1998 deadline for full-paper submission
 "",0
 2570,""Subject: avail for review : phonology , semantics , dong , interpreting
  
  the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . please do not simply provide a url for an electronic cv or web page . these will be ignored . phonology pier marco bertinetto , livio gaeta , georgijetchev & david michaels ( eds ) , certamen phonologicum iii . papers from the third cortona phonology meeting , april 1996 . torino , rosenberg & sellier 1997 , pp . 291 , price lit . 63 . 000 ( approximately us $ 37 ) . isbn 88-7011 - 717 - 0 . semantics pier marco bertinetto , il dominio tempo-aspettuale . demarcazioni , intersezioni , contrasti . torino , rosenberg & sellier 1997 , pp 252 , price lit 48 . 000 isbn 887011726x ( approximately us $ 25 . 50 ) contents - introduzione i . demarcazioni - aspect vs . actionality - statives , progressives , habituals - the progressive as a ' partialization ' operator ii . intersezioni - neutralizations and interactions in temporal-aspectual categories - metafore tempo-aspettuali - l ' interazione tra azionalita e aspetto nella perifrasi ' continua ' iii . contrasti - le strutture tempo-aspettuali dell ' italiano e dell ' inglese - le perifrasi abituali in italiano e in inglese - l ' espressione della ' progressivita / continuita ' : un confronto tripolare ( editor 's note : the reviewer of this book must be fluent in both italian and english ) . dong language long yaohong and zheng guoqiao ( translated by d . n . geary ) ( 1998 ) the dong langauge in guizhou province china . sil / u texas austin . interpreting / translation harris , brian ( compiler ) ( 1997 ) translation and interpreting schools . language international world directory . john benjamins : amsterdam .
 "",0
 2571,""Subject: sociolinguistics
  
  endangered languages : current issues and future prospects endangered languages : current issues and future prospects ; isbn : 0-521 - 59102 - 3 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 380 pp . ; lenore a . grenoble , ed . ( dartmouth college ) ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 69 . 95 ; the issue of language loss is currently the focus of much linguistic research . this edited volume brings together work by theoretical linguists , field linguists and nonlinguist members of minority communities to provide an integrated view of how language is lost , from sociological and economic as well as from linguistic perspectives . it maps out some of the strategies applied by native communities and professional linguists in the face of language endangerment . several authors address the understudied issue of what ( beyond a linguistic system ) is lost when a language becomes obsolescent . contents : preface part i . general issues : 1 . western language ideologies and small-language prospects nancy dorian ; 2 . toward a typology of language endangerment lenore grenoble , lindsay whaley ; part ii . language community responses : 3 . technical , emotional , and ideological issues in reversing language shift : examples from southeast alaska nora and richard dauenhauer ; 4 . mayan efforts toward language preservation nora england ; 5 . a chronology of mohawk language instruction at kahnaw : ke kaia ' titahkhe annette jacobs ; 6 . language endangerment in south america : a programmatic approach colette grinevald ; part iii . what is lost : language diversity : 7 . the significance of diversity in language endangerment and preservation marianne mithun ; 8 . on endangered languages and the importance of linguistic diversity ken hale ; 9 . living words and cartoon translations : longhouse """" texts """" and the limitations of english christopher jocks ; 10 . documenting rhetorical , aesthetic , and expressive loss in language shift anthony woodbury ; part iv . mechanisms of language loss : 11 . impact of language variation and accomodation theory on language maintenance : an analysis of shaba swahili andr ^ d ' e kapa ! nga ; 12 . a way to dusty death : the matrix language turnover hypoth 13 . copper island aleut : a case of language ' resurrection ' nikolai vakhtin ; references ; index of languages ; index of names ; general index . ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html the language web : the power and problem of words jean aitchison ( university of oxford ) ; the language web : the power and problem of words ; the 1996 bbc reith lectures ; isbn : 0-521 - 57385 - 8 ; hardback , 5 1 / 4 x 8 , 152 pp . ; pub . date : 4 / 13 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 49 . 95 ; language is like a vast interconnected spider 's web . in this volume jean aitchison explores the different facets of this web , ranging from its biological nature and the way in which language is acquired by children to the way the web has aided language evolution . this is the text of the 1996 bbc reith lectures , with the addition of illustrations , suggestions for further reading and notes . an afterword looks at the reception of the lectures . contents : 1 . a web of worries : anxiety about language ; 2 . a web of deceit : the origin of language ; 3 . building the web : acquiring language ; 4 . a web of words : remembering words ; 5 . a world-wide web : options and snares . ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html english as a global language david crystal ; english as a global language ; isbn : 0-521 - 59247 - x ; hardback , 5 1 / 2 x 8 1 / 2 , 160 pp . ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 19 . 95 ; david crystal , world authority on the english language , has written a timely and informative account of the phenomenon of english as a global language . it includes a historical summary of the global facts and figures , of the current spread and status of english as a first or second language internationally ; and an informed assessment of the future of english . the book answers three basic questions : what makes a world language ? why is english the leading candidate ? and why it will continue to hold that position . it steers even-handedly through the minefield of political debate about the cultural hegemony of english , and will appeal to anyone with an interest in language issues , whatever their political views on the subject . order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html
 "",0
 2572,""Subject: language education
  
  about language : tasks for teachers of english scott thornbury ; about language : tasks for teachers of english ; isbn : 0-521 - 42720 - 7 paperback , 6 x 9 , 287 pp . ; pub . date : 3 / 28 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 22 . 95 ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html exploring spoken english ronald carter ; exploring spoken english ; isbn : 0-521 - 56860 - 9 ; paperback , 7 x 9 , 160 pp . ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 18 . 95 ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html society and the language classroom hywel coleman ( university of leeds ) ; society and the language classroom ; isbn : 0-521 - 49616 - 0 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 249 pp . ; pub . date : 1 / 28 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 49 . 95 ; this book provides a new perspective on classroom research . through a series of case studies , the book examines the ways that learners and teachers behave in english language classrooms in different parts of the world , including australia , south africa , indonesia , japan , kenya , china and pakistan , and at primary , secondary and tertiary levels . content : 1 . autonomy and ideology in the english language classroom ; 2 . safe - talk : collusion in apartheid education ; 3 . english language education in japan ; 4 . shadow puppets and language lessons : interpreting classroom behaviour in its cultural context ; 5 . large and small class cultures in egyptian university classrooms : a cultural justification for curriculum change ; 6 . learner resistance to innovation in classroom methodology ; 7 . the effect of institutional and national cultures on examinations : the university in kenya ; 8 . through language to learning : preparing overseas students for study in western universities ; 9 . cultures of learning : language classrooms in china ; 10 . social and pedagogic pressures in the language classroom : the role of socialisation . order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html immersion education : international perspectives immersion education : international perspectives ; isbn : 0-521 - 58385 - 3 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 332 pp . ; robert keith johnson , ed . ( the university of hong kong ) ; pub . date : 4 / 30 / 97 publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 52 . 95 immersion , a relatively new approach to bilingual education , orginated in canada . it uses the target language as a medium of instruction in order to achieve """" additive bilingualism """" - - a high level of second language proficiency added to normal development in the l1 . the wide range of languages and purposes now served by immersion worldwide is illustrated by case studies of thirteen programs presented and discussed in this book . the introductory chapter defines immersion education theory and practice and shows how this approach differs from other forms of bilingual education . order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html
 "",0
 2573,""Subject: typology
  
  we would like to bring to your attention recent publications from john benjamins publishing in the field of typology . the typology and dialectology of romani edited by : yaron matras , peter bakker and hristo kyuchukov university of manchester / aarhus universitet / university of shumen , bulgaria 1997 xxxii , 224 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 156 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 872 8 price : us $ 65 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3661 5 price : nlg 130 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com contributions to this collection focus on the unity and diversity of the language of the roma ( gypsies ) , the only indic language spoken exclusively in europe . properties discussed include the distinct inflectional and derivational patterns applied to asian and european lexical layers , the distribution of inflectional , agglutinative , and analytic formation among syntactic categories , regularities in the ongoing shift from inflectional to analytic case formation , suppletion , aspects of syntactic convergence , and patterns of morphological transitivization and de-transitivization ( causatives and passives ) . these phenomena are considered in the light of contemporary discussions on language universals , with reference to a variety of different approaches including prague school typology , functional sentence perspective , functional grammar , functional-pragmatic typology , and general grammaticalization theory . chapters partly adopt a comparative approach covering all major dialects of the language , and are partly devoted to single-dialect corpuses . special attention is given to the czech / slovak and hungarian varieties , to previously undescribed dialects from bulgaria and turkey , to codified varieties in macedonia , and to the variety of dialects discussed in the popular works of the victorian author george borrow . an extensive introduction outlines the principal morphosyntactic features of the language and provides a classification of romani dialects , including an overview of those mentioned in the volume . contributions by : peter bakker ; norbert boretzky ; vit bubenik ; petra cech ; viktor elsik ; victor a . friedman ; ian f . hancock ; mozes f . heinschink ; milena hubschmannova ; birgit igla ; yaron matras . coding the hypothetical a comparative typology of russian and macedonian conditionals . jane f . hacking the university of kansas 1997 , vi , 156 pp . studies in language companion series , 38 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 849 3 price : us $ 63 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3041 2 price : nlg 125 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com conditionals encode speculation . they convey how events could have been different in the past or present , or might be different in the future if particular conditions had been or will be met . while all languages afford the means to speculate or hypothesize about possible events , the ways in which they do so vary . this work explores some of this variation through an analysis of the structure and semantics of complex conditional sentences in russian and macedonian . it addresses typological questions about the general properties of natural language conditionals and examines the role of the grammatical categories tense , aspect , mood and status in the coding of conditional meaning . the book also discusses the relationship between the use of these categories and the shape of a language 's conditional system . for example , the use of tense in counterfactual contexts in macedonian correlates with the grammaticalization of more shades of conditional meaning than are grammaticalized in russian , which does not employ tense forms in this way . the book addresses issues of concern to slavists and raises questions for those interested in conditionals and the coding of hypothetical meaning . case , typology and grammar . in honor of barry j . blake edited by anna siewierska and jae jung song lancaster university / university of otago 1998 395 pp . typological studies in language , 38 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 651 2 price : us $ 85 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 2937 6 price : nlg 170 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this collection of fifteen original articles includes descriptive , typological and / or theoretical studies of a number of morphosyntactic phenomena , such as case , transitivity , grammaticalization , valency alternations , etc . , in a variety of languages or language groups , and discussions concerning theoretical issues in specific grammatical frameworks . the collection , written in honor of the australian linguist , barry j . blake on his 60th birthday , thematically reflects the field that professor blake has worked in over the past three decades . the volume will be of special interest to researchers in morphosyntax and linguistic typology . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
 "",0
 2574,""Subject: new uci dissertations in linguistics
  
  irvine linguistics students association is pleased to announce the publication of the following two uci dissertations in linguistics . feature attraction and category movement brian k . agbayani university of california , irvine , 1998 this dissertation presents a new theory of movement in generative grammar within the framework of the minimalist program ( chomsky 1993 , 1994 , 1995 ) . the most important aspect of the new theory is that it departs from the standard view of move a as a unitary operation . the dissertation has three main goals . the first goal is to simplify the theory of feature checking in such a way that a single structural configuration ( namely , the head-adjunction structure ) holds for feature checking in both overt and covert syntax . the second goal is to present evidence for the split movement hypothesis , according to which a set of formal features and its associated category move to separate structural positions in syntax . the claim is that ug makes both attract and move available in the form of attract f and category movement , respectively . the former satisfies the formal requirement of feature checking , and the latter yields the phonological """" displacement """" effect of overt movement . the theory thus abandons the treatment of move a as a unitary operation . the third goal is to explore consequences for the proper characterization of locality in syntax . the split movement approach opens up a novel way to account for the traditional subjacency and condition on extraction domain effects ( huang 1982a ) that do not fall under chomsky 's ( 1995 ) attract f theory . it is argued that attract f and category movement are subject to different types of economy conditions , and that the traditional subjacency and condition on extraction domain effects should not be given a unified account , contrary to the barriers approach ( chomsky 1986a ) . the theory also derives a number of previously mysterious properties related to cross linguistic variation in extractability out of islands , the relative strength of island effects , and the nature of successive-cyclic movement . this dissertation presents a new approach to movement in syntax which overcomes the conceptual and empirical shortcomings of the traditional approach , while gaining new insights into previously mysterious phenomena and properties of natural languages . : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : parametrization of features in syntax sze - wing tang university of california , irvine , 1998 the major focus of this study is to propose a restrictive theory of parameters of universal grammar in terms of the principles-and - parameters approach . i propose that semantic features are invariant across languages ; only features that may play a role in the derivation from n to the pf interface level including phonetic features , categorial features , and affix features are subject to parametric variation , which is called the ' overt parametrization hypothesis ' ( oph ) . it is argued that where affix features are associated with a word is subject to parametric variation . movement is largely determined by morphology : movement in the overt component can be signaled by ' impoverished ' morphology ; movement of morphologically ' rich ' elements takes place in the phonological component . under this approach , a variety of syntactic differences among chinese ( cantonese and mandarin ) , english , french , japanese , navajo , and hebrew can be accounted for . based on the idea of parametrization of affix features , i claim that t has an affix feature [ - v ] in english . such an affix feature is missing in chinese . consequently , there is no v - to - t movement in chinese and v moves out of vp in english . a number of apparently disparate differences between these two languages , including postverbal no-phrases , the distribution of focus elements , binominal each , the ' sov ' focalization construction , scopal ambiguity of quantifiers , definiteness of preverbal numeral phrases , gapping , and heavy np shift , receive a unified explanation . the data presented as evidence for the claim that categorial features are subject to parametric variation are primarily based on small clauses in chinese , english , and japanese . it is argued that chinese small clauses are bare , english small clauses are ' not-so - bare ' , and japanese allows both types of small clauses . the major typological differences among these languages regarding the structure of small clauses are derived from a parameter related to the combination of categorial features of nouns and adjectives . the findings lend support to the oph . : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : also available : > uci dissertations in linguistics griffith , teresa a . 1996 projecting transitivity and agreement ikawa , hajime 1996 overt movement as a reflex of morphology ishii , toru 1997 an asymmetry in the composition of phrase structure and its consequences li , xiaoguang 1997 deriving distributivity in mandarin chinese takano , yuji 1996 movement and parametric variation in syntax zoerner , cyril edward 1995 coordination : the syntax of &p us $ 14 each , plus shipping and handling > uci working papers in linguistics , volume 3 ( 1997 ) . edited by luther > chen - sheng liu and kazue takeda articles appearing in the third volume are : brian agbayani : category raising , adjunction , and minimality lisa lai - shen cheng : """" partial """" wh - movement naoki fukui : attract and the a - over - a principle toru ishii : the """" crossing """" constraint and the minimal link condition luther chen - sheng liu : light verb and accusative - ing gerund in taiwanese yuji takano : scrambling and partial object shift kazue takeda : a note on locality of category movement and feature movement sze - wing tang : the parametric approach to the resultative construction in chinese and english miyoko yashui : identification of ellipses and other empty categories us $ 14 , plus shipping and handling > uci working papers in linguistics , volume 2 : proceedings of the south > western optimality theory workshop ( swot ii ) . edited by brian agbayani > and naomi harada us $ 12 , plus shipping and handling > uci working papers in linguistics , volume 1 . edited by brian agbayani , > kazue takeda and sze - wing tang us $ 12 , plus shipping and handling shipping and handling ( per item ) domestic : $ 4 ; canada : $ 6 ; mexico : $ 7 ( airmail ) , $ 5 ( surface ) ; elsewhere : $ 12 ( airmail ) , $ 7 ( surface ) * international shipping and handling rates are subject to the numbers of items ordered and location . please contact < ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu > in ordering more than one item from abroad . prepayment required . please make checks or money orders payable to ' ilsa-asuci ' . we cannot accept credit card payment . payment must be in us funds , drawn on a us bank . please allow 4 - 6 weeks for delivery . send order form and payment to : irvine linguistics students association , school of social sciences , university of california , irvine , irvine , ca 92697 , u . s . a . please address inquires to ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu order form customer information name : street address : city , province / state : country , zip code : telephone number : e - mail : item quantity price per item total uciwpl - 2 $ 12 $ uciwpl - 1 $ 12 $ uciwpl - 3 $ 14 $ agbayani $ 14 $ griffith $ 14 $ ikawa $ 14 $ ishii $ 14 $ li $ 14 $ takano $ 14 $ tang $ 14 $ zoerner $ 14 $ shipping : $ total : $ for more information about uci working papers in linguistics and uci dissertations in linguistics , please contact < ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu > or see ilsa 's homepage < http : / / www . socsci . uci . edu / ling / ilsa / ilsahp . html > . tables of contents of uciwpl and abstracts of ucidl are available in ilsa 's homepage . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ irvine linguistics students association ( ilsa ) school of social sciences university of california , irvine irvine , ca 92697-5100 , u . s . a . ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu http : / / www . socsci . uci . edu / ling / ilsa / ilsahp . html
 "",0
 2575,""Subject: encyclopedia
  
  the cambridge encyclopedia of language david crystal ; the cambridge encyclopedia of language ( second edition ) ; isbn : 0-521 - 55050 - 5 ; hardback , 8 1 / 2 x 11 , 488 pp . ; pub . date : 1 / 28 / 9 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 69 . 95 ; this second edition of """" the cambridge encyclopedia of language """" presents a mass of new information and introduces the subject of language to a fresh generation of students and general readers . probably the most successful general study of language ever published , """" the cambridge encyclopedia of language """" covers all the major themes of language study , including popular ideas about language , language and identity , the structure of language , speaking and listening , writing , reading , and signing , language acquisition , the neurological basis of language , and languages of the world . exposing this work to a new generation of readers , the second edition extends the range of coverage to include advances in areas such as machine translation , speech interaction with machines , and language teaching . there is new material on acoustics , physiological concepts of language , and world english , and a complete update of the language distribution maps , language-speaking statistics , table of the world 's languages , and further reading . all geopolitical material has been revised to take account of boundary changes . the book has been redesigned and is presented for the first time in full color , with new pictures and maps added . contents : i . popular ideas about language / 1 . the prescriptive tradition / 2 . the equality of languages / 3 . the magic of language / 4 . the functions of language / 5 . language and thought / ii . language and identity / 6 . physical identity / 7 . psychological identity / 8 . geographical identity / 8 . ethnic and national identity / 10 . social identity / 11 . contextual identity / 12 . stylistic identity and literature / iii . the structure of language / 13 . linguistic levels / 14 . typology and universals / 15 . the statistical structure of language / 16 . grammar / 17 . semantics / 18 . dictionaries / 19 . names / 20 . discourses and text / 21 . pragmatics and listening / 22 . the anatomy and physiology of speech / 23 . the acoustics of speech / 24 . the instrumental / 25 . speech reception / 26 . speech interaction with machines / 27 . the sounds of speech / 28 . the linguistic use of sound / 29 . suprasegmentals / 30 . sound symbolism / v . the medium of language : writing and reading / 31 . written and spoken language / 32 . graphic expression / 33 . graphology / 34 . the process of reading and writing / vi . the medium of language : signing and seeing / 35 . sign language / 36 . sign language structure / 37 . types of sign language / vii . child language acquistion / 38 . investigating children 's language / 39 . the first year / 40 . phonological development / 41 . grammatical development / 42 . semantic development / 43 . pragmatic development / 44 . languagedevelopment in school / viii . language , brain , and handicap / 45 . language and the brain / 46 . language handicap / ix . the languages of the world / 47 . how many languages ? / 48 . how many speakers ? / 49 . the origins of language / 50 . families of languages / 51 . the indo - european family / 52 . other families / 53 . language isolates / 54 . language change / 55 . pidgins and creoles / x . language in the world / 56 . the language barrier / 57 . translating and interpreting / 58 . artificial languages / 59 . world languages / 60 . multilingualism / 61 . language planning / 62 . foreign language learning and teaching / 63 . language for special purposes / xi . language and communication / 64 . language and other communication systems / 65 . linguistics / appendices : i . glossary ; ii . special symbols and abbreviations used in the encyclopedia ; iii . table of the world 's languages ; iv . further reading ; v . references ; vi . index of languages , families , dialects , and scripts ; vii . index of authors and personalities ; viii . index of topics . order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html the cambridge encyclopedia of the english language david crystal ; the cambridge encyclopedia of the english language ; isbn : 0-521 - 59655 - 6 ; paperback , 8 5 / 8 x 11 , 500 pp . ; publisher : cambridge university press $ 27 . 95 this celebrated book offers a unique experience of the english language in all its richness and diversity . clear and accessible , it abounds with insights into how the language evolved and how it works . superbly illustrated in color throughout , and updated for this first paperback edition , """" the cambridge encyclopedia of the english language """" is the most comprehensive general reference book on the history , structure , and worldwide use of english ever written . order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html
 "",0
 2576,""Subject: new series : studies in corpus linguistics
  
  john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to a new series ; studies in corpus linguistics studies in corpus linguistics aims to provide insights into the way a corpus can be used , the type of findings that can be obtained , the possible applications of these findings as well as the theoretical changes that corpus work can bring into linguistics and language engineering . the main concern of scl will be to present findings based on , or related to , the cumulative effect of naturally occurring language and on the interpretation of frequency and distributional data . general editor : elena tognini - bonelli consulting editor : wolfgang teubert terms in context jennifer pearson 1998 xii , 246 pp . studies in corpus linguistics , 1 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 342 4 price : us $ 69 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 2269 x price : nlg 138 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com terms in context applies the methodology that has been developed over the last two decades in corpus linguistics to the relatively new and still little developed field of corpus-based terminography . while corpora are already being used by some terminologists fro the identification of terms and retrieval of contextual fragments , his book describes the first attempt to use corpora for terminography in much the same way as large general reference corpora are already being used for general language lexicography . the author goes beyond the standard problem of identifying terms , as opposed to non-terminological lexical items in text and focuses on identifying metalanguage patterns which point to the presence in text of ( parts of ) reusable definitions of terms . the author examines these and shows how the information which they contain can be retrieved and used as input for terminological entries . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
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 2577,""Subject: recent publications on pragmatics
  
  we would like to bring to your attention recent publications from john benjamins publishing in the field of pragmatics : relevance theory . applications and implications . edited by robyn carston , nam sun song and seiji uchida university college london / nara women 's university 1998 x , 299 pp . pragmatics & beyond new series , 37 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 330 0 price : us $ 70 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 5049 9 price : nlg 140 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this collection of papers arises from a meeting of relevance theorists held in osaka , may 29-30 , 1993 . speakers at the conference included both of the originators of the theory , dan sperber and deirdre wilson , the editors of this volume and several other japanese linguists and pragmatists , all of whose work is included . the full breadth and richness of relevance theory is represented here , both in its applications to problems of utterance interpretation , that fall squarely within the domain of pragmatics , and its implications for linguistic semantics . several papers investigate and assess the theory 's account of figurative uses of language , such as irony , metaphor and metonymy . other central pragmatic issues include a relevance-driven account of generalized implicature , the role of bridging implicatures in reference assignment , the way in which different intonation patterns contribute to the relevance of an utterance and the application of the theory to literary texts . the recently developed semantic distinction between conceptually and procedurally encoded meaning , motivated by relevance-theoretic considerations , is employed in new accounts of several japanese particles and in a fresh perspective on the phenomenon of metalinguistic negation . the volume comes with a comprehensive glossary of relevance-theoretic terms . contributions by : dan wilson & deirdre sperber ; keiko tanaka ; reiko itani ; kunihiko imai ; nam sun song ; akiko yoshimura ; tomoko matsui ; seiji uchida ; robyn carston ; ken - ichi seto ; hideki hamamoto ; masa - aki yamanashi ; dan sperber & deirdre wilson . political discourse in transition in europe ( 1989-1991 ) edited by : paul a . chilton , mikhail v . ilyin and jacob l . mey university of warwick / moscow institute of international relations / odense university 1998 x , 272 pp . pragmatics & beyond new series , 36 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 329 7 price : us $ 69 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 5048 0 price : nlg 138 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com the year 1989 brought political upheavals in central , eastern and southern europe , the effects of which have not yet ended . the political discourse of the cold war period disintegrated and gave way to competing alternatives . the contributors to this book are linguists , discourse analysts and social scientists , from all corners of the continent , whose tools of analysis shed light on the crucial two years of transition during which political concepts and political interaction changed in dramatic and sometimes violent ways . contributions by : mikhail v . ilyin ; paul chilton ; jacob mey ; victor sergeyev and nikolai biryukov ; georgii pocheptsov ; alexandre bourmeyster ; ludmila minaeva ; marina kaul ; elena borisova ; anatolii baranov ; christina schiffner and peter porsch ; kay richardson ; pierre achard ; ida kurcz ; christina teichmann ; jasna levinger . discourse of silence dennis kurzon university of haifa 1998 vi , 162 pp . pragmatics & beyond new series , 49 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 811 6 price : us $ 48 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 5062 6 price : nlg 96 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this book deals initially with the interpretation of the silent answer to a question . from a semiotic approach to the contrast between silence and speech mainly within a greimasian framework - an approach which shows insights into the general relationship between silence and speech , the discussion then turns to the application of pragmatic tools such as conversational analysis and adjacency pairs to the interpretation of silence . a model is presented which attempts to explain the observer 's cognitive competence , and its limits , in being able to interpret the silent answer . a basic distinction is also made between intentional silence ( the refusal to answer ) and non-intentional silence ( the psychological inability to answer ) . the interpretation of silence is then extended from a theoretical viewpoint to an analysis of various discourse types . firstly , silence in the legal world is discussed mainly in terms of the accused 's and the witness 's right of silence , especially their intentionally silent answers to lawyers ' questions . this develops into the """" transitivization """" of silence - the right of courts to silence lawyers ' references to the silence of witnesses , and the right of legal authorities to silence the broadcasting of direct speech . the study gradually moves away from the direct application of the model to the silent answer , and addresses the silencing of characters in a literary text ( jane austen 's pride and prejudice ) , in a biblical text ( moses and speech impediment in exodus ) , in opera ( moses ' silence in schoenberg 's opera , moses und aron ) , and in the final chapter , in the cinema . here , after the initial discussion of ingmar bergman 's the silence , focus is shifted to the generation gap and the representation of silence by song in mike nichols ' the graduate . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
 "",0
 2578,""Subject: coling-acl ' 98 registration deadline
  
  early registration for coling-acl ' 98 ends july 1 . to benefit from reduced rates , your registration form and your payment must be received by that date . for further information on the conference and on how to register , consult the conference web site at : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca
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 2579,""Subject: nlp + ia 98 / tal + ai 98 registration info
  
  international conference on natural language processing and industrial applications nlp + ia 98 > > > special accent on computer assisted language learning < < < conference internationale sur le traitement automatique des langues et ses applications industrielles tal + ai 98 > > > attention speciale portee a l ' enseignement de la langue < < < august / aout 18-21 , 1998 moncton , new - brunswick , canada official languages : english and french are the official languages of the conference . proceedings would be published in the language of the submitted texts . conference organization : the conference is organized by gretal , groupe d ' etude sur le traitement automatique des langues at the universite ' de moncton and geta-clips in grenoble . organizing committee chadia moghrabi , professor of computer science , chair jalal almhana , professor and director of computer science julien chiasson , professor of computer science sadek eid , professor of industrial engineering , director manufacturing technology centre , boubakeur meddeb - hamrouni , researcher geta and winsoft paul tarau , professor of computer science international program committee : susan armstrong ( issco , geneva , switzerland ) roberto basili ( roma , italy ) christian boitet ( geta , grenoble , france ) pierrette bouillon ( geneva , switzerland ) harry bunt ( tilburg , netherlands ) nicoletta calzolari ( ilc / cnr , pisa , italy ) remi chadel ( inxight , xerox , france ) thierry chanier ( franche - comte , france ) jean - pierre chanod ( xerox , france ) marcel cori ( paris-7 , france ) veronica dahl ( simon fraser , canada ) anne de roeck ( essex , uk ) chrysanne dimarco ( logos , waterloo , canada ) eva hajicova ( charles u . , prague ) henry hamburger ( george mason , usa ) howard hamilton ( regina , canada ) graeme hirst ( toronto , canada ) john hutchins ( east anglia , uk ) pierre isabelle ( rali , montreal , canada ) margaret king ( issco , switzerland ) ruddy lelouche ( laval , canada ) michael levison ( queens , canada ) kathleen mccoy ( delaware , usa ) chadia moghrabi ( moncton , canada ) johanna moore ( pennsylvania , usa ) yael ravin ( ibm , usa ) larry reeker ( national science foundation , usa ) mark seligman ( geta-clips & red pepper , usa ) arnold smith ( nrc , canada ) manfred stede ( tu - berlin , germany ) john tait ( sunderland , uk ) paul tarau ( moncton , canada ) junichi tsujii ( umist & tokyo , japan ) thierry van steenberghe ( louvain - la - neuve , belgium ) eric wehrli ( geneva , switzerland ) yorick wilks ( sheffield , uk ) invited speakers : margaret king : issco , university of geneva , switzerland talkk on language resources and evaluation / ressources et evaluation linguistiques thierry chanier : universite franche - comte , france presentation sur le lien entre l ' enseignement de la langue et le tal / talk on relationship between call and nlp make sure not to miss them . . . soyez - la ! papers & posters to be presented : ( in no special order ) modeles humains dans un systeme multi-agents orientes apprentissage et detection-correction d ' erreurs ; jacques menezo ; france multilingual lexical resources for large-scale text generation cornelia m . verspoor , vicente uceda and cecile paris ; australia speech and language interaction in a ( virtual ) cultural theatre a . van hessen , a . nijholt , et al . ; netherlands un systme d ' apprentissage assist par ordinateur de la gnration de phrases en arabe riadh zaafrani ; france structuring a network of lexical cooccurrences into topic representations by analyzing texts olivier ferret and brigitte grau ; france producing nlp - based on - line contentware francis wolinski , frantz vichot , olivier grmont ; france integration of nlp tools in an intelligent computer assisted language learning environment for basque : idazkide . daz de ilarraza , a . maritxalar , m . maritxalar & m . oronoz ; spain using constraints for suppressing dead ends in grammars . cyril garde & claude lai ; france improving tagging accuracy by using voting taggers l . mrquez , l . padr , h . rodrguez ; catalonia , spain translation examples browser : japanese to english translation aid for news articles tadashi kumano , hideki tanaka , noriyoshi uratani & terumasa ehara ; japan a statistics - based approach to chinese prepositional phrase disambiguation kam - fai wong & wen - jie li ; hong kong minori - fra : logiciel d ' enseignement du francais en milieu minoritaire chadia moghrabi ; canada safran - grammaire marie - josee hamel & anne vandeventer ; uk & suisse learning spanish and catalan verbs through eurowordnet m . antonia marti & roser morante ; spain error diagnosis for language learning systems wolfgang menzel & ingo schroeder ; germany computer - assisted writing system : improving readability with respect to information structure nobo komagata ; usa limination de la redondance dans la gnration automatique de descriptions de comportement de systmes dynamiques nicole tourigny et laurence capus ; canada un systme automatique de diagnostic d ' erreurs pour l ' elao anne vandeventer ; suisse gnrer de faon automatique des rsums grce des expriences similaires laurence capus et nicole tourigny ; canada a syntactic verification system for arabic texts based on a robust parser and using a large compressed lexicon riadh ouersighni ; france natural language technology in precision content retrieval jacek ambroziak and william a . woods ficus - un agent dictionaire coopratif extensible mathieu lafourcade & jacques chauche ; france a two - stage model for robust parsing erik oltmans ; netherlands analyse morphologique et voyellation assiste par ordinateur de la langue arabe malek ghenima ontologies - based relevant information retrieval f . - y . villemin ; france delegating actions from texts in a virtual environment fabrice tabordet , fabrice pied , and pierre nugues ; france an autonomous , web-based , multilingual corpus collection tool jim cowie , eugene ludovik & ron zacharski ; usa problmes scientifiques intressants en traduction de parole christian boitet ; france centering theory and resolving it in business texts gregory f . roberts ; usa tr-aid : a memory - based translation aid framework stelios piperidis , christos malavazos , ioannis triantafyllou ; greece a transformational approach to nl understanding in dialogue systems danny lie , joris hulstijn , rieks op den akker , anton nijholt ; netherlands reluctantly paraphrasing text mark dras ; australia improving robust domain independent summarization jim cowie , eugene ludovik , & hugo molijna - salgado ; usa language learning data : online confusion lisa harper and florence reeder ; usa nlp and radiology reports gees c stein & tomek strzalkowski ; usa blak , un assistant de dcouverte des caractres chinois , fonctionnement par accs dynamique des ressources lexicales varies l . fischer , g . fafiotte ; france text expansion using temporal and causal relations yllias chali ; canada automatic generation of on - line help : a practical approcah cecile paris and keith vander linden ; australia &usa to integrate your language web tools - call web ct sabine siekmann ; usa l 'd ition lexicographique dans un systme gnrique de gestion de bases lexicales multilingues g . srasset , m . mangeot ; france how the construction of a computer system may influence language teaching practices : the communication situation variables r . lelouche , d . huot ; canada concordances avances sur corpus spcialis pour l ' enseignement de l ' anglais technique p . - y . foucou & n . kbler ; france cross - linguistic resources for mt evaluation and language training lisa hale decrozant , dr clare r . voss ; usa nlp for text classification : the trevi experience r . basili , m . v . marabello , l . mazzucchelli , & m . t . pazienza ; italy dictionnaires lectroniques et analyse morphologique jerzy sitko ; france integrating language generation and prosody control pierre larey , nadine bigouroux , & guy prennou ; france mulinex multilingual web search and anvigation joanne capstick , abdel kader diagne , gregor erbach , & hans uszkoreit ; germany , italy , france & belgium kurdish language technology and planning siamak rezaei durroei ; uk intonation , vowel length , and ' well ' : thhe intersection of phonology and discourse analysis and its effects on meaning interpretation in conversation jason miller ; usa reprsentation smantique oriente - objets de requtes en langage naturel abdelmajid benhamadou ; tunisia programme of activities : tuesday august 18 : 19 : 00-21 : 00 registration wednesday august 19 : 8 : 30-15 : 15 opening plenary session oral presentations 15 : 30-17 : 30 posters and demo sessions 18 : 30-19 : 15 cashbar 19 : 30 - banquet thursday august 20 : 8 : 30-15 : 30 oral presentations 15 : 30 - outing and dinner friday august 21 : 8 : 30-17 h30 invited speaker oral presentations closing plenary session exhibits : anyone wishing to arrange an exhibit or present a demonstration can still send a brief electronic description along with a specification of physical requirements ( table size , power , telephone connections , number of chairs , etc . ) to nlp + ia - 98 @ imag . fr with the single word exhibit in the subject line . other activities : accompanying persons can enjoy the lovely outdoor living in new - brunswick and visit the highest tides in the world . moncton is only 20km away from the sandy beaches of shediac , la capitale mondiale du homard . registration fees : the registration fees are 475 canadian dollars per participant . they include : conference proceedings continental breakfast for three days coffee breaks for three days banquet on wednesday evening taxes optional additional fees : 65 c $ : lunches for three days 110 c $ : outing and dinner * subject to number of participants * hotel & lodging : hotel fees and reservations are not included in the conference fees and are to be arranged separately by the participants , the information cited here is for convenience , you have to contact them yourself and confirm the prices . hotel beausejour 750 main street , moncton . 130 c $ ( including taxes ) for one or two people per room , one or two beds 15 c $ ( including taxes ) per additional person ( max 4 per room ) , two beds . * the hotel 's restaurant has won a 4 diamond award . . . * fax : ( 506 ) 858-0957 , tel : ( 506 ) 854-4344 . keddy 's brunswick hotel : 1005 main street , moncton . 92 c $ including taxes one person one bed 105 c $ """" """" for one person one bed 115 c $ """" """" for two persons two beds * fax : ( 506 ) 382-8923 , tel : ( 506 ) 854-6340 . rodd 's park house inn - travelodge : 434 main street , moncton . 75 c $ including taxes for one double bed . 85 cs """" """" for two double beds . * prices were given by bed and not by person * fax : ( 506 ) 855-9494 , tel ( 506 ) 382-1664 hotel canadiana : 46 archibald street , moncton . 75 c $ including taxes per room * tel : ( 506 ) 382-1054 these hotels are in downtown moncton and are less than 10km from the airport . the taxi cab from there costs around 12-15 c $ . please e-mail , fax or mail the following form : please cut here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - conference registration international conference on natural language processing and industrial applications nlp + ia 98 conference internationale sur le traitement automatique des langues et ses applications industrielles tal + ai 98 august / aout 18-21 1998 moncton , new - brunswick , canada participant name ( mr . ( ) , ms . ( ) ) only one person per form . family name : first name : title / profession : institution : postal address : city : country : telephone : fax : e - mail : amount enclosed : conference fee $ 475 lunchs $ 65 yes ( ) no ( ) outing $ 110 yes ( ) no ( ) total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( hotel fees and reservations are not included ) payment : all payments must be made in canadian dollars and paid to : universite de moncton , c / o nlp + ia / tal + ai 98 . all transfer fees are the participant 's responsibility . payments must be remitted as follows ( choose one option ) : ( ) by bank transfer to the national bank of canada / banque nationale du canada account # : 00007-25 transit # : 10351-006 . * the transit number indicates the branch in moncton with which the university deals . it is a must . * nlp + ia / tal + ai should also be indicated . it is a must . * transaction / transfer id number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ it is a must * a copy of of your transfer receipt with all the above information should be faxed to us for reference / claims puposes . if you have an accepted submission , you can send it with your camera-ready version of your paper . it is a must . ( ) credit card * visa or mastercard only * this form * must be faxed or mailed not e-mailed * if registration is paid by credit card . visa ( ) mastercard ( ) card no . : expiry date : cardholder 's name : cardholder 's phone : cardholder 's signature : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dr . chadia moghrabi , professeure * * nlp + ia / tal + ai 98 * * faculte des sciences * * universite de moncton tel : ( 506 ) 858-4521 * * moncton , n . - b . fax : ( 506 ) 858-4541 * * e1a 3e9 , canada e-mail : nlp + ia - 98 @ imag . fr * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * please cut here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - we would appreciate receiving a copy of your hotel reservations for reference purposes ( not the credit card information . . . ) . hope to see you in moncton . . .
 "",0
 2580,""Subject: tense and mood selection
  
  conference on syntax and semantics of tense and mood selection 2 - 4 july , 1998 department of education and communications sciences university of bergamo organisers : alessandra giorgi , university of bergamo , giorgi @ ibguniv . unibg . it fabio pianesi , irst , trento , pianesi @ irst . itc . it local organisation : dott . a molani sig . ra michela perrottelli secretary of the department : sig . ra flora drago flora @ ibguniv . unibg . it tel : + 39 - ( 0 ) 35-277421 registration : wednesday , 6 - 7 . 30 pm , room 14 , piazza vecchia 8 ( bergamo alta ) thursday , july 2nd , 1998 registration and conference site : room 15 , piazza vecchia 8 ( bergamo alta ) 9 . 00 - 9 . 15 opening address - prof . a . castoldi ( dean of the faculty ) and prof . m . ceruti ( head of the department ) 9 . 15 - 10 . 15 j . higginbotham ( invited speaker - somerville college , oxford ) - """" temporal subordination in english """" 10 . 15 - 10 . 30 break 10 . 30 - 11 . 10 m . hackl & j . nissenbaum ( mit ) - """" variable modal force in for - infinitival relative clauses """" 11 . 10 - 11 . 50 a . giannakidou ( amsterdam ) & f . zwarts ( groeningen ) """" semantic restrictions on tense / aspect combinations with temporal connectives """" 11 . 50 - 12 . 50 a . von stechow ( invited speaker - tuebingen ) - """" where is anteriority in ( german ) perfect constructions ? """" 12 . 50 - 14 lunch 14 . 00 - 15 . 00 a . bonomi ( invited speaker - milano ) - """" semantical considerations on the progressive reading of the imperfective . """" 15 . 00 - 15 . 40 s . rothstein ( bar - ilan ) - """" achievements and progressives """" 15 . 40 - 16 . 20 g . a . broadwell ( albany ) & g . brugger ( ucla ) - """" variability in aspectual orientation : the perfective in choctaw """" 16 . 20 - 16 . 40 break 16 . 40 - 17 . 20 r . amritavalli ( hyderabad ) - """" tense , aspect and mood in kannada """" 17 . 20 - 18 . 00 kiyomi kusumoto ( amherst ) - """" a theory of sequence of tense : evidence from a non - sequence-of - tense language """" 18 . 00 - 19 . 00 t . stowell ( invited speaker - ucla ) - """" sequence of tense and indexicality """" friday , july 3rd , 1998 conference site : room 15 , piazza vecchia 8 ( bergamo alta ) 9 . 00 - 10 . 00 p . molinelli ( invited speaker - bergamo ) - """" sequence of tense and mood selection in late latin """" 10 . 00 - 10 . 40 a . mittwoch ( jerusalem ) - """" tense for the quick and the dead """" 10 . 40 - 11 . 00 break 11 . 00 - 11 . 40 t . moia ( lisboa ) - """" on the semantics of temporal connectives expressing anteriority and posteriority """" 11 . 40 - 12 . 40 s . iatridou ( invited speaker - mit ) - """" the role of tense , mood and aspect in the expression of counterfactuality """" 12 . 40 - 14 . 00 lunch 14 . 00 - 15 . 00 g . cinque ( invited speaker - venezia ) - """" on the order of tense and aspect heads """" 15 . 00 - 15 . 40 h . demirdache ( vancouver ) & m . uribe - etxebarria ( vitoria - gasteiz ) - """" towards a restrictive theory of the diversity of temporal systems """" 15 . 40 - 16 . 20 t . bhattacharya ( ucl , london ) - """" the subjunctive in bangla """" 16 . 20 - 16 . 40 break 16 . 40 - 17 . 40 d . abusch ( invited speaker - stuttgart ) - """" toward a compositional representation for tense , infinitivals and futurity . """" 17 . 40 - 18 . 00 break 18 . 00 - 19 . 30 plenary discussion - chairs : i . heim ( mit ) & j . higginbotham ( oxford ) 20 . 30 social dinner saturday , july 4th , 1998 conference site : room 15 , piazza vecchia 8 ( bergamo alta ) 9 . 30 - 10 . 30 a . giorgi ( bergamo ) & f . pianesi ( itc-irst , trento ) - """" generalised double access reading """" 10 . 30 - 11 . 10 b . hollebrandse ( umass , amherst ) - """" the acquisition of sequence of tense """" 11 . 10 - 11 . 30 break 11 . 30 - 12 . 10 g . katz ( tuebingen ) - """" present - oriented constructions and the perfectivity parameter """" 12 . 10 - 13 . 10 h . kamp ( invited speaker - stuttgart ) - """" deixis and context dependence of time denoting nps and temporal adverbs """" alternates c . gronemeyer ( lund ) - """" the syntactic basis of evidentiality in lithuanian """" m . r . manzini ( firenze ) - """" the syntax of the subjunctive """" m . ippolito ( mit ) - """" reference time and tense anaphora """" organising support by : dott . a molani sig . ra michela perrottelli secretary of the department : sig . ra flora drago flora @ ibguniv . unibg . it tel : + 39 - ( 0 ) 35-277421 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - how to get to bergamo : milano linate and milano malpensa are the closest international airports . bergamo is about 30 miles away from milan . a taxi from linate to bergamo would cost approximately 80 $ . a taxi from malpensa would cost approximately 120 $ . - if you arrive at milano linate take the bus to """" milano centrale """" station ; the bus leaves every 20 minutes and takes 15 minutes to arrive at the station . - if you arrive at milano malpensa take the bus to """" milano centrale """" station ; the bus leaves every half an hour and takes almost an hour to arrive at the station . - from milano centrale there are some trains to bergamo . otherwise , take the metro from centrale to milano porta garibaldi station ( two stops on the green line ) ; here you find more trains to bergamo . some trains go directly from milan to bergamo , others stop in carnate usmate , where you have to get a connection train to bergamo : both ways take the same time ( 50 minutes ) and cost the same . just take the first train leaving either to carnate or to bergamo . - from venice ( or padua ) : take a train going toward milan and get off in brescia . take the first train to bergamo ( 50 minutes ) . please notice that there are no trains during the night ( after 11pm ) ! more detailed information about trains can be found at the www of ferrovie dello stato ( italian railways ) , where train schedule , bookings , etc . . are also available . the address is : http : / / www . fs-on - line . com / - there is a small airport in bergamo : orio al serio . check at your travel agency whether there are connecting flights which might be useful to you . - once in bergamo : the conference site is in bergamo alta ( the ancient town ) . buy a bus ticket ( about $ 1 ) , take the bus number 1 to the funicolare and then with the same ticket you can take the funicular to the top . if you need further information please do not hesitate to contact us : giorgi @ ibguniv . unibg . it fax 39-35 - 235136 ; from june 19 : 39-035 - 235136 pianesi @ irst . itc . it fax 39-461 - 302040 ; from june 19 : 39-0461 - 302040 secretary , ms flora drago : flora @ ibguniv . unibg . it fax 39-35 - 235136 ; from june 19 : 39-035 - 235136 please notice that starting from june 19 you have to insert a """" 0 """" before the area code . best wishes and see you soon alessandra giorgi & fabio pianesi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hotels sr = single room dr = double room bergamo alta ( the ancient town , where the conference will take place ) . hotel name san lorenzo , piazza mascheroni 9 sr : itl 138 . 000 breakfast incl . tel . 035-237383 ; fax 035-261661 dr : itl 198 . 000 breakfast incl . san vigilio , via san vigilio 15 dr : itl 170 . 000 no breakfast incl . tel . 035-253179 ; fax 035-402081 agnello d ' oro , via gombito 22 sr : itl75 . 000 no breakfast incl . tel . 035-249883 ; fax 035 - 235612 dr : itl 125 . 000 no breakfast incl . bergamo bassa ( very close to bergamo alta , 10 minutes by bus / funicular , and very well connected even at night ) arli , largo porta nuova 12 sr : itl 128 . 000 no breakfast incl . tel . 035-222014 ; fax 035-239732 dr : itl 160 . 000 no breakfast incl . piemontese , p . le g . marconi 11 sr : it l96 . 000 breakfast incl . tel . 035-242629 ; fax 035-230400 dr : itl 136 . 000 breakfast incl . commercio , via tasso 88 sr : ilt 77 . 000 breakfast incl . tel . 035-224096 ; fax 035-220451 dr : itl 110 . 000 breakfast incl . san giorgio , via san giorgio 10 sr : itl 55 . 000 no breakfast incl . tel . 035-212043 ; fax 035 - 310072 dr : itl 90 . 000 no breakfast incl . youth hostel , via galileo ferraris 1 , tel & fax : 035-361724 for further travel information you can contact : agenzia viaggi lorandi , tel . 035-222244 ; fax 035-225053 please notice that it is necessary to reserve in advance , because summer is """" high season """" and last minute arrangements might fail . important : if you want to attend the conference , please send us an e-mail message , or a fax ! we hope to see you in bergamo ! alessandra giorgi & fabio pianesi addresses and fax numbers : a . giorgi dept . of education and communications sciences university of bergamo piazza vecchia 8 24 100 bergamo , italy giorgi @ ibguniv . unibg . it fax 39-35 - 235136 ; from june 19 : 39-035 - 235136 pianesi @ irst . itc . it fax 39-461 - 302040 ; from june 19 : 39-0461 - 302040 secretary , ms flora drago : flora @ ibguniv . unibg . it fax 39-35 - 235136 ; from june 19 : 39-035 - 235136
 "",0
 2581,""Subject: language and gender
  
  project : the de / construction of gender roles through language variation and change : international perspectives marlis hellinger and hadumod bussmann ( eds . ) dear linguists , actually , we had already closed the list of languages / authors ( with some 30 languages now on the project ) , but recently three languages """" dropped out """" , and we are looking for someone who could contribute on chinese , romanian , or yiddish . maybe hungarian could still be added . the original call for contributions ran as follows : since the establishment of feminist linguistics more than two decades ago a wealth of theoretical and empirical information has become available and we believe it is time for a collection that looks across individual language boundaries . we are therefore compiling a volume on the structural and functional aspects of gender-related variation and change in different languages . we are primarily concerned with structural properties of a language ( categories of gender , word-formation , pronominalization ) and speakers ' linguistic choices in talking about or as women and men . we are also interested in learning about the tendencies of variation and change ( including , where applicable , language politics ) as these reflect changes in the relationship between the sexes . would anyone be interested in participating ? or could someone suggest potential authors to us ? details on the project would then be made available . reply to : hellinger @ em . uni-frankfurt . de
 "",0
 2582,""Subject: amta workshop on embedded mt systems - cfp
  
  workshop announcement - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - workshop on embedded mt systems call for papers design , construction , and evaluation of systems with an mt component wednesday , october 28 , 1998 ( preceding the amta 98 conference ) sheraton bucks county hotel , langhorne , pennsylvania introduction as the strengths and weaknesses of machine translation ( mt ) engines have become better understood and accepted , there has been a marked increase in the development of computer systems with anembedded mt component . one consequence of this shift to """" embedded mt """" is that researchers , developers , as well as users have begun pushing the limits on the input that such systems will accept for translation . in so doing , a new class of problems has surfaced : any input - - - whether it appears in physical form on paper , in electronic form on-line , or mixed in with another modality such as graphics or video - - - will bring with it some unknown mix of noisy natural language data as well as non-linguistic data . how are systems with an mt component to be designed and evaluated given the challenge this input brings ? the objective of this workshop is to examine and evaluate techniques for adjusting this """" linguistic impedance mismatch """" between the real-world input and the natural language input expected by various mt engines . thus the workshop will focus on computational approaches to preprocessing system input for mt engines andon statistical methods for evaluating systems with an embedded mt component . linguistic preprocessing in image data for researchers working with image data , there is currently underway an effort to augment ocr ( optical character recognition ) engines with linguistic data as they recognize and convert bitmap data into characters - - - similar to what has already been done in speech recognition with linguistic data in hmms ( hidden markov models ) . other ocr researchers have also experimented with image-level early topic detection using word-shape recognition . in principle , this could provide a first-step filtering of documents into a more homogeneous mt input set , a desirable goal for mt evaluation . thus we expect that individuals working with or intending to incorporate ocr into their computer systems will be interested in this new area . linguistic preprocessing in online data for those working with online input , even though the characters are already present , there often still remains the task of preprocessing meaningful , symbolic character strings that are not a part of the text to be translated . for some systems , the rules for identifying and encapsulating or removing such strings may need to be hand-crafted over time as mt engine limitations surface . for others , a combination of hand-crafted rules and statistically trained nl models has worked . many have observed that the html annotations , alphanumeric items , spreadsheet and word processing codes are harder to weed out than originally expected . research efforts with the low-density and less-commonly taught languages , as well as more common ones , encounter a substantial problem with variation in spelling conventions and transcription preferences . for those natural languages that are primarily spoken and not written , for example , this is frequently the case . researchers working on this class of problem have built variants on spell checkers ( sc ) , components that standardize words to one orthography ( spelling convention ) before submitting it to an mt engine . an idea that has arisen for this component is to build in an option to adjust the level of sc correction - - - as would be relevant when input after ocr nonetheless varies from very noisy to relatively clean . evaluation of embedded mt systems among those working on statistical methods for evaluating systems with an embedded mt component , we have seen two distinct trends . one group of statisticians has begun looking for appropriate models from outside the world of mt evaluation , examining the efforts by others to take distinct metrics for components and combine them for an overall system-level metric using fuzzy mathematics . another group of researchers is looking instead at developing a one-dimensional scale for ranking mt engines along a continuum defined by system-level function . that approach , for example , might rank one engine as good enough for filtering documents , while another engine deemed more linguistically robust would be ranked higher because it could generate a good enough initial translation for subsequent post-editing . we welcome other functional evaluations of mt components and computer systems with embedded mt components as well . submissions submitters are invited to send in a short paper , not more than 5 pages , addressing one or more of the three areas discussed above . papers should define the problem in an embedded mt system that is the focus of the work , describe the embedded mt system design ( a simple sketch ) with sample input data where relevant , and present their approach to the problem . work at various stages of completion is acceptable ; we expect the current status of the work to be made clear . submission of end-to - end output of an embedded mt system is especially encouraged . the papers will be collected and distributed to participants of theworkshop . ideally , the result of the workshop will be a clearer delineation of : ( 1 ) the range of linguistic preprocessing problems ( 2 ) the range of designs in embedded mt systems ( 3 ) how these problems aretreated in different embedded mt systems and ( 4 ) the metrics that are being used to evaluate these systems and their components . dates notice of interest in participation : july 10 , 1998 ( to voss @ arl . mil ) please identify which of the three areas you intend to address : preprocessing in image data , preprocessing in online data , evaluation of embedded mt systems . position paper submission : august 10 , 1998 notifications : september 10 , 1998 final copies of papers : october 10 , 1998 workshop : october 28 , 1998 submissions may be in printed or electronic form . submissions should be sent to : clare voss army research laboratory amsrl-is - ci 2800 powder mill road adelphi , md 20783 phone : ( 301 ) 394-5615 fax : ( 301 ) 394-3903 e-mail : voss @ arl . mil the registration fee for the conference is $ 50 . non - presenters will be accepted on a first-come , first served basis . we strongly encourage the participation of embedded mt system users , as well as members of the research and development communities . after july 11 , 1998 , a copy of the call , the registration form , and further update information will be available via a link at : < http : / / rpstl . arl . mil / isb / > florence reeder | phone : ( 703 ) 883-7156 the mitre corporation | ( 703 ) 883-6750 ( secretary ) ms w640 | fax : ( 703 ) 883-1279 1820 dolley madison blvd . | email : reeder @ azrael . mitre . org mclean , va 22102 |
 "",0
 2583,""Subject: semantics : il dominio tempo-aspettuale
  
  il dominio tempo-aspettuale author : pier marco bertinetto publisher : torino , rosenberg & sellier pier marco bertinetto , il dominio tempo-aspettuale . demarcazioni , intersezioni , contrasti . torino , rosenberg & sellier 1997 , pp . 252 , price lit . 48 . 000 ( approximately us $ 25 . 50 ) . isbn 88-7011 - 726 - x . introduzione i . demarcazioni - aspect vs . actionality - statives , progressives , habituals - the progressive as a ' partialization ' operator ii . intersezioni - neutralizations and interactions in temporal-aspectual categories - metafore tempo-aspettuali - l ' interazione tra azionalit e aspetto nella perifrasi ' continua ' iii . contrasti - le strutture tempo-aspettuali dell ' italiano e dell ' inglese - le perifrasi abituali in italiano e in inglese - l ' espressione della ' progressivit / continuit : un confronto tripolareorino '
 "",0
 2584,""Subject: books on terminology
  
  john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new titles in the field of terminology : handbook of terminology management volume 1 : basic aspects of terminology management sue ellen wright & gerhard budin ( comps . ) 1997 xiv , 370 pp . us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 508 7 price : us $ 94 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 2154 5 price : hfl . 188 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this unique work is designed to meet the practical needs of terminologists , translators , lexicographers , subject specialists ( e . g . , engineers , medical professionals , etc . ) , standardizers and others who have to solve terminological problems in their daily work . in more than 700 pages , the handbook brings together contributions from approximately 50 expert authorities in the field . the handbook covers a broad range of topics integrated from an international perspective and treats such fundamental issues as : - practical methods of terminology management - types and applications of terminology management creation and use of terminological tools ( terminology databases , on-line dictionaries , etc . ) - terminological applications in : - technical writing , translation and information management - natural language processing - language planning and legal , ethical concerns - terminology training . the high level of expertise provided by the contributors , combined with the wide range of perspectives they represent , results in a thorough coverage of all facets of a burgeoning field . the lay-out of the handbook is specially designed for quick and for cross reference , with hypertext and an extensive index . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
 "",0
 2585,""Subject: books on historical linguistics
  
  john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new title in the field of historical linguistics : tense and aspect in indo-european languages theory , typology and diachrony john hewson & vit bubenik 1997 xii , 403 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 145 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 860 4 price : $ 89 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3649 6 price : hfl . 178 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this monograph presents a general picture of the evolution of ie verbal systems within a coherent cognitive framework . the work encompasses all the language families of the ie phylum , from prehistory to present day languages . inspired by the ideas of roman jakobson and gustave guillaume the authors relate tense and aspect to underlying cognitive processes , and show that verbal systems have a staged development of time representations ( chronogenesis ) . they view linguistic change as systemic and trace the evolution of the earliest tense systems by ( a ) aspectual split and ( b ) aspectual merger from the original aspectual contrasts of pie , the evidence for such systemic change showing clearly in the paradigmatic morphology of the daughter languages . the nineteen chapters cover first the ancient documentation , then those families whose historical data are from a more recent date . the last chapters deal with the systemic evolution of languages that are descended from ancient forbearers such as sanskrit , greek , and latin , and are completed by a chapter on the practical and theoretical conclusions of the work . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
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 2586,""Subject: books on written language & literacy
  
  john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new titles in the field of written language & literacy : writing and identity the discoursal construction of identity in academic writing roz ivanic 1997 xiv , 346 pp . studies in written language and literacy , 5 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 322 x price : us $ 89 . 00 paper : 1 55619 323 8 price : us $ 29 . 95 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 1797 1 price : nlg 178 paper : 90 272 1798 x price : nlg 60 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com writing is not just about conveying ' content ' but also about the representation of self . ( one of the reasons people find writing difficult is that they do not feel comfortable with the ' me ' they are portraying in their writing . academic writing in particular often poses a conflict of identity for students in higher education , because the 's elf ' which is inscribed in academic discourse feels alien to them . ) the main claim of this book is that writing is an act of identity in which people align themselves with socio-culturally shaped subject positions , and thereby play their part in reproducing or challenging dominant practices and discourses , and the values , beliefs and interests which they embody . the first part of the book reviews recent understandings of social identity , of the discoursal construction of identity , of literacy and identity , and of issues of identity in research on academic writing . the main part of the book is based on a collaborative research project about writing and identity with mature-age students , providing : o a case study of one writer 's dilemmas over the presentation of self ; o a discussion of the way in which writers ' life histories shape their presentation of self in writing ; o an interview-based study of issues of ownership , and of accommodation and resistance to conventions for the presentation of self ; linguistic analysis of the ways in which multiple , often contradictory , interests , values , beliefs and practices are inscribed in discourse conventions , which set up a range of possibilities for self-hood for writers . the book ends with implications of the study for research on writing and identity , and for the learning and teaching of academic writing . the book will be of interest to students and researchers in the fields of social identity , literacy , discourse analysis , rhetoric and composition studies , and to all those concerned to understand what is involved in academic writing in order to provide wider access to higher education . writing development . an interdisciplinary view edited by : clotilde pontecorvo , universita di roma , """" la sapienza """" , italy 1997 xxxii , 338 pp . studies in written language & literacy , 6 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 324 6 price : us $ 69 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 1799 8 price : nlg 138 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this volume presents a selection of papers presented at a series of three workshops organized by the network """" written language and literacy """" as launched by the european science foundation . the main topics making up writing development are : ( 1 ) writing and literacy acquisition : links between speech and writing , with contributions by david r . olson , claire blanche - benveniste , emilia ferreiro , ruth berman , liliana tolchinsky & ana teberosky ; ( 2 ) writing and reading in time and culture , with contributions by collette sirat , francoise desbordes , harmut gunther , peter koch , & jean hebrard : ( 3 ) written language competence in monolingual and bilingual contexts , with contributions by michel fayol & serge mouchon , georges ludi , & ludo verhoeven ; ( 4 ) writing systems , brain structures and languages : a neurolinguistic view , with contributioris by giuseppe cossu , heinz wiimmer & uta frith , & brian butterworth . the volume heads off with an extensive introduction """" studying writing and writing acquisition today : a multidisciplinary view """" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
 "",0
 2587,""Subject: books on interpreting
  
  john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new titles in the field of interpreting : the critical link . interpreters in the community . papers from the first international conference on interpreting in legal , health and social service settings . geneva park , canada , 1 - 4 june 1995 silvana carr , roda roberts , aideen dufour & dini steyn ( eds . ) 1997 viii , 322 pp . benjamins translation library , 19 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 701 2 price : $ 79 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 1620 7 price : hfl . 158 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com what is community interpreting ? what are the roles of the community interpreter ? what are the standards , evaluation methods and accreditation procedures pertaining to community interpreting ? what training is available or required in this field ? what are the current issues and practices in community interpreting in different parts of the world ? these key questions , discussed at the first international conference on community interpreting , are addressed in this collection of selected conference papers . the merit of this volume is that it presents the first comprehensive and global view of a rapidly growing profession , which has developed out of the need to provide services to those who do not speak the official language ( s ) of a country . both the problems and the successes related to the challenge of providing adequate community interpreting services in different countries are covered in this volume . contributions by : sherrill j . bell ; virginia benmaman ; carolyn bullock & brian harris ; silvana carr ; terry chesher ; ann corsellis ; birgitta englund dimitrova ; sabine fenton ; julia puebla fortier ; yvonne fowler ; nathan garber & louise mauffette - leenders ; adolfo gentile ; sandra hale ; elizabeth lascar ; suzanne michael & marianne cocchini ; holly mikkelson & hanne mintz ; christine penney & susan sammons ; franz pochhacker ; roda p . roberts ; nancy schweda nicholson & bodil martinsen ; roy thomas ; cecilia wadensjo . conference interpreting : current trends in research proceedings of the international conference on interpreting : what do we know and how ? yves gambier , daniel gile & christopher taylor ( eds . ) 1997 iv , 246 pp . benjamins translation library , 23 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 707 1 price : us $ 75 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 1626 6 price : hfl . 150 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com ' conference interpreting : what do we know and how ? ' is the title of a round-table conference ( turku , 1994 ) organised to assess the state of the art in conference interpreting research . the result is collected in this volume with fully coordinated reports on the round tables . the book presents an exciting coverage of the field , touching on methodology , communication , discourse , culture , neurolinguistic and cognitive aspects , quality assessment , training and developing skills . contributions by : john dodds and david katan ; franco fabbro and laura gran ; daniel gile ; masaomi kondo and helen tebble ; per linell ; barbara moser - mercer ; miriam shlesinger ; david snelling ; charles tijus ; jorma tommola ; carol taylor torsello and all those who participated in the round table discussion . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
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 2588,""Subject: books on latin linguistics
  
  john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following titles in the field of latin linguistics : on latin linguistic and literary studies in honour of harm pinkster rodie risselada , jan r . de jong , a . machtelt bolkestein ( eds . ) 1996 xii , 202 pp . jc gieben , publisher us / canada only : cloth : 90 5063 137 1 price : $ 54 . 00 for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com contents : bakkum , g . : capenate esu cil i2 . 476 , 6 = xi . 6707 , 6 , cil i2 . 2496 , 9 bolkestein , m . : free but not arbitrary : ' emotive ' word order in latin ? garcia - hernandez , b . : modificacion prefijal y regimen sintactico . el testimonio de arusiano mesio hengst , d . den : hidden polemics . ammianus ' digression on egypt ( res gestae 21 . 15-16 ) herman , j . : remarques sur l ' histoire du futur latin - et sur la prehistoire du futur roman kroon , c . & p . rose : atrociter corruptus ? the use of ' narrative ' tenses in ammianus marcellinus ' res gestae lavency , m . : rex qui fuit - rex qui esset - rex cum esset risselada r . : and now for something completely different ? temporal discourse markers : latin ' nunc ' and english ' now ' rosen , h . : ' eam vitam vivere quae est sola vita nominanda ' . reflections on cognate complements smolenaars , h . : ' on went the steed , on went the driver ' . an intertextual analysis of valerius flaccus ' argonautica ' 6 . 256-264 , statius ' thebias ' 7 . 632-639 and silius ' punica ' 7 . 667-679 . touratier , c . : les temps dans un recit ( virgile , ' ecloga ' 7 . 1-20 ) wisse , j . : the presence of zeno . the date of philodemus ' ' on rhetoric and the use of the ' citative ' and ' reproducing ' present in latin and greek . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
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 2589,""Subject: books on functional linguistics
  
  john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new title in the field of functional linguistics : grammatical relations a functionalist perspective t . givon ( eds . ) 1997 viii , 350 pp . typological studies in language , 35 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 645 8 price : us $ 86 . 00 paper : 1 55619 646 6 price : us $ 29 . 95 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 2931 7 price : hfl . 165 , - - paper : 90 272 2932 5 price : hfl . 60 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this volume presents a functional perspective on grammatical relations ( grs ) without neglecting their structural correlates . ever since the 1970s , the discussion of grs by functionally-oriented linguists has focused primarily on their functional aspects , such as reference , cognitive accessibility and discourse topicality . with some exceptions , functionalists have thus ceded the discussion of the structural correlates of grs to various formal schools . ever since edward keenan 's pioneering work on subject properties ( 1975 , 1976 ) , it has been apparent that subjecthood and objecthood can only be described properly by a basket of neither necessary nor sufficient properties - thus within a framework akin to rosch 's theory of prototype . some gr properties ar functional ( reference , topicality , accessibility ) ; others involve overt coding ( word-order , case marking , verb agreement ) . others yet are more abstract , involving control of grammatical processes ( rule-governed behavior ) . building on keenan 's pioneering work , this volume concentrates on the structural aspects of grs within a functionalist framework . following a theoretical introduction , the papers in the volume deal primarily with recalcitrant typological issues : the dissociation between overt coding properties of grs and their behavior-and - control properties ; grs in serial verb constructions ; grs in ergative languages ; the impact of clause union and grammaticalization on grs . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
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 2590,""Subject: books on the history of linguistics
  
  john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new titles in the history of linguistics : the emergence of semantics in four linguistic traditions hebrew , sanskrit , greek , arabic wout van bekkum , jan houben , ineke sluiter , kees versteegh 1997 ix , 322 pp . studies in the history of the language sciences , 82 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 617 2 price : us $ 99 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 4568 1 price : hfl . 198 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com the aim of this study is a comparative analysis of the role of semantics in the linguistic theory of four grammatical traditions , sanskrit , hebrew , greek , arabic . if one compares the organization of linguistic theory in various grammatical traditions , it soon turns out that there are marked differences in the way they define the place of 's emantics ' within the theory . in some traditions , semantics is formally excluded from linguistic theory , and linguists do not express any opinion as to the relationship between syntactic and semantic analysis . in other traditions , the whole basis of linguistic theory is semantically orientated , and syntactic features are always analysed as correlates of a semantic structure . however , even in those traditions , in which semantics falls explicitly or implicitly outside the scope of linguistics , there may be factors forcing linguists to occupy themselves with the semantic dimension of language . one important factor seems to be the presence of a corpus of revealed / sacred texts : the necessity to formulate hermeneutic rules for the interpretation of this corpus brings semantics in through the back door . the noblest animate motion speech , pysiology and medicine in pre-cartesian linguistic thought jeffrey wollock 1997 xlvi , 470 pp . studies in the history of the language sciences , 83 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 620 2 price : us $ 160 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 4571 1 price : hfl . 320 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com the body of theory on speech production and speech disorder developed prior to descartes has been so neglected by historians that its very existence is practically unknown today . yet it provides a framework for understanding the speech process which is not only comprehensive and coherent , but of great relevance to current debates on issues of language performance and applied linguistics . this is because , the author contends , current theoretical difficulties stem largely from initial errors of descartes ; whereas earlier theoretical formulations , while outlining a bio-mechanics of speech , retain the central role of the human agent . the discussions explicated in this book come mainly from the natural - philosophic and medical literature of greco - roman antiquity , the middle ages , and the renaissance and early 17th century . this uncharted territory is mapped for the first time by tracing its textual history and diffusion as well as explaining the theory on its own terms but in language that will be clear and comprehensible to non-specialists . interdisciplinary in perspective , the book encompasses topics of interest not only to the language sciences , but also to the biosciences , medicine , philosophy of human movement , psychology and behavioral sciences , neurosciences , speech pathology , experimental phonetics , speech and rhetoric , and the history of science in general . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
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 2591,""Subject: cssi conference on spatial cognition
  
  mind iii : annual conference of the cognitive science society of ireland theme : spatial cognition dublin city university , dublin , ireland august 17-19 , 1998 you are invited to participate in the annual conference of the cssi , on the theme of spatial cognition , at dublin city university from august 17-19 , 1998 . this conference will bring together researchers from different cognitive science disciplines ( psychology , computer science , linguistics , and cognitive geography ) who are studying different aspects of spatial cognition . the conference will provide a forum for researchers to share insights about different aspects of spatial cognition and from the perspective of different disciplines . the academic programme will begin at 9 : 00 a . m . on august 17th and end on 19th . the social programme will include a barbecue and ceili ( traditional irish dance ) on tuesday 18th and a tour and concert on wednesday after the end of the academic programme . for information on registration and accommodation , please visit the web page at : http : / / www . psych . ucsb . edu / ~ hegarty / cssi / the deadline for early registration is july 15th ( after that the price increases significantly ) . for questions about the programme , contact mary hegarty : hegarty @ psych . ucsb . edu for questions about registration and local arrangements , contact sean o nuallain : sonualla @ compapp . dcu . ie programme keynote speakers : michel denis , groupe cognition humaine , limsi-cnrs , universite de paris - sud andrew frank , department of geoinformation , technical university wien talk presentations : environmental spatial cognition g . allen , university of south carolina men and women , maps and minds : cognitive bases of sex-related differences in reading and interpreting maps c . christou & h . bulthoff , max - planck institute for biological cybernetics , tubingen using virtual environments to study spatial encoding d . jacobson , r . kitchin , t . garling , r . golledge & m . blades , university of california , santa barbara , queens university of belfast , gotenborg university learning a complex urban route without sight : comparing naturalistic versus laboratory measures p . peruch , f . gaunet , c . thinus - blanc , m - d . giroudo , cnrs , marseille & cnrs - college de france , paris real and imagined perspective changes in visual versus locomotor navigation m . j . sholl , boston college the accessibility of metric relations in self-to - object and object-to - object systems language and space t . baguley & s . j . payne , loughborough university and cardiff university of wales given - new versus new-given ? an analysis of reading times for spatial descriptions k . c . coventry & m . prat - sala , university of plymouth the interplay between geometry and function in the comprehension of spatial propositions j . gurney & e . kipple , army research laboratory , adelphi , md composing conceptual structure for spoken natural language in a virtual reality environment s . huang , national taiwan university spatial representation in a language without prepositions s . taub , gallaudet university iconic spatial language in asl : concrete and metaphorical applications c . vorwerg , university of bielefeld production and understanding of direction terms as a categorization process computation and spatial cognition m . eisenberg & a . eisenberg , university of colorado designing real-time software advisors for 3 - d spatial operations j . gasos & a . saffiotti , iridia , universite libre de brruxelles fuzzy sets for the representation of uncertain spatial knowledge in autonomous robots r . k . lindsay , university of michigan discovering diagrammatic demonstrations p . mckevitt , aalborg university and university of sheffield chameleon meets spatial cognition d . r . montello , m . f . goodchild , p . fohl & j . gottsegen , university of california , santa barbara implementing fuzzy spatial queries : problem statement and behavioral science methods s . o nuallain & j . kelleher , dublin city university spoken image meets vrml and java spatial reasoning and problem solving m . gattis , max planck institute for psychological research , munich mapping relational structure in visual reasoning j . n . mcgregor , t . c . ormerod & e . p . chronicle , university of victoria and lancaster university spatial and conceptual factors in human performance on the traveling salesperson problem p . d . pearson , r . h . logie & k . j . gilhooly , university of aberdeen verbal representations and spatial manipulation during mental synthesis l . rozenblit , m . spivey & j . wojslawowicz mechanical reasoning about gear-and - belt systems : do eye-movements predict performance ? c . sophian & m . crosby , university of hawaii at manoa ratios that even young children understand : the case of spatial proportions theoretical perspectives : r . h . logie , department of aberdeen constraints on visuo-spatial working memory n . h . narayanan , auburn university exploring virtual information landscapes : spatial cognition meets information visualization a . smith , national research council , canada spatial cognition without spatial concepts c . speed & d . g . tobin , university of plymouth space under stress : spatial understanding and new media technologies m . tiressa , a . caressa and g . geminiani , universita di torino & universita di padova a theoretical framework for the study of spatial cognition poster presentations m . betrancourt , a . pellegrin & l . tardif , research institut , inria rhone - alpes using a spatial display to represent the temporal structure of multimedia documents m . bollaert , limsi-cnrs , university de paris - sud a connectionist model of mental imagery k borner & c vorwerg , university of bielefeld applying vr technology to the study of spatial perception and cognition a . caressa , a . abrigliano & g . geminiani , universita de padova & universita di torino . describers and explorers : a method to investigate cognitive maps . e . p . chronicle , t . c . ormerod & j . mcgregor . lancaster university and university of victoria when insight just won't come : the failure of visual cues in the nine-dot problem . r . coates , c . j . hamilton & t . heffernan , university of teeside and university of northumbria at newcastle in search of the visual and spatial characteristics of visuo-spatial working memory g . fernandez , lmsi-cnrs individual differences in the processing of route directions r . hornig , b . claus & k . eyferth , technical university of berlin in search for an overall organizing principle in spatial mental models : a question of inference m - c . grobety , m . morand & f . schenk cognitive mapping across visually disconnected environments n . gotts , university of wales , aberystwyth describing the topology of spherical regions using the """" rcc """" formalism x . guilarova , moscow m . v . lomosonov state university polysemy of adjective """" round """" via lakoff 's radical category structuring j . s . longstaff , laban center , london cognitive structures of kinesthetic space : reevaluating rudolph labanus choreutics u . schmid , s . wiebrock & f . wysotzki , technical university of berlin modeling spatial inferences in text understanding programme committee : ruth byrne , trinity college dublin jerome feldman , university of california , berkeley mary hegarty , university of california , santa barbara ( program chair ) christopher habel , university of hamburg george lakoff , university of california , berkeley robert h . logie , university of aberdeen jack loomis , university of california , santa barbara paul mc kevitt , aalborg university and university of sheffield daniel r . montello , university of california , santa barbara n . hari naryanan , auburn university and georgia institute of technology patrick olivier , university of wales , aberystwyth sean o nuallain , dublin city university ( co - chair ) terry regier , university of chicago keith stenning , edinburgh university michael spivey , cornell university arnold smith , national research council , canada barbara tversky , stanford university
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 2592,""Subject: cilca vii
  
  how long does it take for this to come out on the list ? ? ? ? ? ? cilca vii septimo congreso internacional de literatura centroamericana in nicaragua march 17 - 19 , 1999 special call for papers although this conference is principally geared toward central american literature , we are making a special call to linguists for research on central american linguistics . we were quite succesful with our special linguistics sessions in the 1995 conference . please submit abstracts ( one page ) and proposals for special sessions no later than november 16 , 1998 to : alberto rey department of modern languages & literatures howard university washington , d . c . 20059 office : ( 202 ) 806 - 4926 fax : ( 202 ) 806 - 4514 you may also email the abstracts to me at : arey @ fac . howard . edu alberto rey , ph . d . arey @ fac . howard . edu / alrey @ erols . com associate professor dept . modern languages & literatures howard university office : ( 202 ) 806-4952 / 6758 washington , dc 20059 fax : ( 202 ) 806-4514
 "",0
 2593,""Subject: transcription workshop coling-acl98
  
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for participation call for participation * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * coling-acl 98 the 17th international conference on computational linguistics ( coling-98 ) and the 36th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics ( acl-98 ) workshop on partially automated techniques for transcribing naturally occurring , continuous speech august 16 , 1998 ( following acl / coling-98 ) university of montreal , montreal , quebec ( canada ) description - - - - - - - - - - the development of robust systems for speech analysis and synthesis depends crucially on the availability of well-annotated corpora of naturally occurring , continuous speech . yet existing speech corpora are rarely well-annotated . a key to proper annotation is the availability of partially automated systems for linking selected portions of a visual display of speech to the corresponding transcriptions . to be of practical use , such systems must be able to handle large files of digitized speech and they should permit transcriptions at different levels of analysis . this workshop is devoted to the presentation and discussion of papers and software demonstrations which reflect the current state of the art . the presentations address the development , use , and evaluation of such systems . registration - - - - - - - - - - - registration is now open for this workshop . registration details can be found at http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca registration before july 1 is can $ 50 ( can $ 35 students ) for participants of the main conference . anybody wishing to attend only this workshop can do so by pre-registering the same way and submitting a fee of can $ 150 . preregistration is strongly advised . workshop program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - session 1 9 : 15 - 9 : 30 opening remarks nancy belmore , research professor of applied linguistics concordia university , montreal , quebec ( canada ) 9 : 30-10 : 05 recognition of spontaneous speech ( invited talk ) peter stubley , advisor , speech and language processing technology , nortel advanced technology , montreal , quebec ( canada ) 10 : 05-10 : 30 break session 2 10 : 30-11 : 05 towards multimodal spoken language corpora : transtool and synctool joachim nivre , elisabeth ahlsen , jens allwood , leif gronqvist , jenny holm , dario lopez - kasten , sylvana sofkova , kristina tullgren department of linguistics gothenburg university , gothenburg ( sweden ) 11 : 05-11 : 40 speech annotation by multi - sensory recording robert luk department of computing hong kong polytechnic university , ( hong kong ) 11 : 40-12 : 15 how phone duration and segmental processing improve continuous speech signal labeling andre - obrecht , n . parlangeau , f . pellegrino institut de recherche en informatique de toulouse universite paul sabatier - cnrs , toulouse ( france ) 12 : 15 - 1 : 15 lunch session 3 1 : 15 - 1 : 50 grapheme - to-phoneme transcription rules for spanish with application to automatic speech recognition and synthesis patrizia bonaventura , fabio giuliani , juan m . garrido , isabel orten centro studi e laboratori telecommunicazioni , turin ( italy ) and departament de filologia espanyola , universitaet autonoma de barcelona ( spain ) 1 : 50 - 2 : 25 the value of minimal prosodic information caroline lyon and jill hewitt computer science department university of hertfordshire , hatfield , herts . ( uk ) 2 : 25 - 3 : 00 taped demonstrations 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 break session 4 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 on - line demonstrations 4 : 00 - 5 : 00 round table discussion workshop organization sabine bergler . associate prof . of computer science department of computer science concordia university 1455 de maisonneuve blvd west montreal , qc h3g 1m8 e-mail trans98 @ cs . concordia . ca program committee nancy belmore , research professor of applied linguistics , concordia university , montreal ( canada ) sabine bergler , associate professor of computer science , concordia university , montreal ( canada ) john esling , associate professor of linguistics , university of victoria , victoria , british columbia ( canada ) and secretary , international phonetic association eric keller , professor of computer science and director , laboratoire informatique de la parole , university of lausanne , lausanne ( switzerland ) roland kuhn , speech technology laboratory , panasonic technologies , inc . santa barbara , california ( u . s . a . ) douglas o'shaughnessy , professor , institut national de la recherche scientifique ( inrs ) - telecommunications , montreal , quebec ( canada ) ching y . suen , professor of computer science and director , centre for pattern recognition and machine intelligence , concordia university , montreal , quebec ( canada ) .
 "",0
 2594,""Subject: coling / acl workshop on multi - lingual information retrieval
  
  coling - acl ' 98 workshop multilingual information management : current levels and future abilities august 16 , 1998 universiti de montrial montrial / canada the coling / acl workshop on multilingual information management is a follow-on to an nsf - sponsored workshop held in conjunction with the first international conference on language resources and evaluation in granada , spain ( may 1998 ) , at which an international panel of invited experts considered these questions in an attempt to identify the most effective future directions of computational linguistics research - - especially in the context of the need to handle multi-lingual and multi-modal information . the follow-on workshop is intended to open the discussion to the computational linguistics community as a whole . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * registration deadline is july 1 ! ! ! ! * * * * to register , consult the coling / acl home page at * * * * http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / mainpage . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * workshop description the development of natural language applications which handle multi-lingual and multi-modal information is the next major challenge facing the field of computational linguistics . over the past 50 years , a variety of language-related capabilities has been developed in areas such as machine translation , information retrieval , and speech recognition , together with core capabilities such as information extraction , summarization , parsing , generation , multimedia planning and integration , statistics-based methods , ontologies , lexicon construction and lexical representations , and grammar . the next few years will require the extension of these technologies to encompass multi-lingual and multi-modal information . extending current technologies will require integration of the various capabilities into multi-functional natural language systems . however , there is today no clear vision of how these technologies could or should be assembled into a coherent framework . what would be involved in connecting a speech recognition system to an information retrieval engine , and then using machine translation and summarization software to process the retrieved text ? how can traditional parsing and generation be enhanced with statistical techniques ? what would be the effect of carefully crafted lexicons on traditional information retrieval ? the workshop will be organized as a series of panels reporting on the outcome of discussions in the granada workshop ( a report summarizing the discussions at granada will be available before the coling - acl workshop ) . ample time for discussion will be included . the discussion will focus on the following fundamental questions : 1 . what is the current level of capability in each of the major areas of the field dealing with language and related media of human communication ? 2 . how can ( some of ) these functions be integrated in the near future , and what kind of systems will result ? 3 . what are the major considerations for extending these functions to handle multi-lingual and multi-modal information , particularly in integrated systems of the type envisioned in ( 2 ) ? in particular , we will consider these questions in relation to the following areas : o multi-lingual resources ( lexicons , ontologies , corpora , etc . ) o information retrieval , especially cross-lingual and cross-modal o machine translation o automated ( cross-lingual ) summarization and information extraction o multimedia communication , in conjunction with text o evaluation and assessment techniques for each of these areas o methods and techniques ( both statistics-based and linguistics-based ) o parsing , generation , information acquisition , etc . o speech recognition and synthesis o language and speaker identification and speech translation program committee khalid choukri , european languages resource association charles fillmore , university of california berkeley , usa robert frederking , carnegie mellon university , usa ulrich heid , university of stuttgart , germany eduard hovy , information sciences institute , usa nancy ide , vassar college , usa mun kew leong , national university of singapore joseph mariani , limsi / cnrs , france mark maybury , the mitre corporation , usa sergei nirenburg , new mexico state university , usa akitoshi okumura , nec , japan martha palmer , university of pennsylvania , usa james pustejovsky , brandeis university , usa peter schaueble , eth zurich , switzerland oliviero stock , irst , italy felisa verdejo , uned , spain piek vossen , university of amsterdam , netherlands wolfgang wahlster , dfki , germany antonio zampolli , istituto di linguistica computazionale , italy organizers bob frederking center for machine translation carnegie - mellon university schenley park pittsburgh , pa 15213-3890 tel : ( + 1 412 ) 268-6656 fax : ( + 1 412 ) 268-6298 email : ref @ nl . cs . cmu . edu eduard hovy information sciences institute of the university of southern california 4676 admiralty way marina del rey , ca 90292-6695 tel : ( + 1 310 ) 822-1511 fax : ( + 1 310 ) 823-6714 email : hovy @ isi . edu nancy ide department of computer science vassar college 124 raymond avenue poughkeepsie , new york 12604-0520 usa tel : ( + 1 914 ) 437 5988 fax : ( + 1 914 ) 437 7498 e - mail : ide @ cs . vassar . edu
 "",0
 2595,""Subject: thinking with diagrams 1998
  
  twd98 thinking with diagrams : is there a science of diagrams ? workshop call for participation university of wales , aberystwyth , uk 22-23 august 1998 registration deadline : 22nd july 1998 diagrams are essential in most fields of human activity . there is substantial interest in diagrams and their use in many academic disciplines for the potential benefits they may confer on a wide range of tasks . are we now in a position to claim that we have a science of diagrams ? that is , a science which takes the nature of diagrams and their use as the central phenomena of interest . a science which is attempting to understand how diagrams differ from other representational systems and trying to develop principles for the design of effective graphical representations . a science which considers how diagrams communicate information and how they are used to solve problems . if we have a science of diagrams it is certainly constituted from multiple disciplines , including : cognitive science , psychology , artificial intelligence , logic , mathematics , and others . if there is a science of diagrams , then like other sciences , there is an applications or """" engineering """" discipline that exists alongside the science . applications and engineering provide tests of the theories and principles discovered by the science and extend the scope of the phenomena to be studied by generating new uses of diagrams , new media for presenting diagrams , or novel classes of diagram . this applications and engineering side of the science of diagrams also comprises multiple disciplines , including : education , architecture , computer science , mathematics , human - computer interaction , knowledge acquisition , graphic design , engineering , history of science , statistics , medicine , biology , and others . the theme of twd98 will be - is there a science of diagrams ? by providing a forum for the presentation and discussion of quality research on diagrams and diagram use , we not only try to answer this question , but more importantly attempt draw together the many different approaches , theories and results that we have in the many diverse disciplines that are concerned with diagrams . the question provides a vehicle on which to attempt to integrate what is currently a disparate and disordered set of activities into a more rational and coherent programme of research . is there any common core to the activities which provides a basis for the claim that the twd community could constitute a science ? more information and the workshop registration form can be found at the thinking with diagrams home page : http : / / www . aber . ac . uk / ~ plo / twd98 or contact : patrick olivier ( plo @ aber . ac . uk ) thinking with diagrams ( twd98 ) department of computer science university of wales , aberystwyth ceredigion , uk sy23 3db tel : + 44 1970 622424 / fax : + 44 1970 622455 the twd98 programme will include : ( i ) technical sessions for the presentations of papers ; ( ii ) invited talks on issues relevant to the twd community as a whole ; ( iii ) a panel session on the theme of twd98 . invited presentations : 1 . arthur i miller university college london """" visual representations of nature """" 2 . aaron sloman university of birmingham """" diagrams in the mind ? """" 3 . clive richards , school of art and design , coventry university """" diagrammatics """" other presentations : 1 . peter cheng ( university of nottingham ) avow diagrams : a novel representational system for understanding electricity 2 . mateja jamnik , alan bundy & ian green ( university of edinburgh ) verification of diagrammatic proofs 3 . maria kozhevnikov , mary hegarty & richard mayer ( techion & uc santa barbara ) visual / spatial abilities in problem solving in physics 4 . sun - joo shin ( university of notre dame ) multiple readings of pierces alpha system 5 . alan blackwell & yuri engelhardt ( cambridge apu and university of amsterdam ) a taxonomy of diagram taxonomies 6 . robert kosara , silvia miksch , yuval shahar & peter johnson ( vienna university of technology & stanford university ) asbru - view : capturing complex , time - oriented plans 7 . jo calder ( university of edinburgh ) how to build a ( quite general ) linguistic diagram editor 8 . adam vile & simon polovina ( south bank university ) thinking of or thinking through diagrams ? 9 . mark minas ( university of erlangen ) specifying diagram languages by means of hypergraph grammars 10 . simon ungar , mark blades & christopher spencer ( glasgow caledonian university & university of sheffield ) can a tactile map facilitate learning of related information by visually impaired people ? 11 . daniela m . bailer - jones ( universitt paderborn ) sketches and visualisation as mental reifications of theoretical scientific treatment 12 . leon rozenblit , michael spivey - knowlton & julie wojslawowiz ( cornell university ) mechanical reasoning about gear-and - belt diagrams : do eye - movements predict performance ? 13 . nadine lucas & nathalie coussin - rittemard ( limsi & utrecht university ) acting with diagrams : how to plan strategies 14 . herman j . adr ( vrije universiteit ) diagramming research designs posters 15 . william godwin ( cheltenham and gloucester college ) a tectonic theory for graphical notation design 16 . jean - louis giavitto & erika valencia ( lri - universit paris sud ) using simplicial complexes to model internal diagrammatic representations 17 . hernan casakin ( techion ) diagrams , sketches , and the use of analogy in design problem - solving : experts and novices 18 . glen bell & david wilson ( university of technology , sydney ) diagramming issue surrounding application architectures 19 . andrew basden ( university of salford ) researching the with in thinking with diagrams
 "",0
 2596,""Subject: avail for review , phonology , semantics , mon khmer
  
  the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . please do not simply provide a url for an electronic cv or web page . these will be ignored . phonology pier marco bertinetto , livio gaeta , georgijetchev & david michaels ( eds ) , certamen phonologicum iii . papers from the third cortona phonology meeting , april 1996 . torino , rosenberg & sellier 1997 , pp . 291 , price lit . 63 . 000 ( approximately us $ 37 ) . isbn 88-7011 - 717 - 0 . semantics pier marco bertinetto , il dominio tempo-aspettuale . demarcazioni , intersezioni , contrasti . torino , rosenberg & sellier 1997 , pp 252 , price lit 48 . 000 isbn 887011726x ( approximately us $ 25 . 50 ) ( note reviewer of this volume must be fluent in both english and italian ) mon khmer mon khmer studies volume 28 . sil / u of texas arlington .
 "",0
 2597,""Subject: coling-acl 98 workshop """" discourse relations and discourse markers """"
  
  coling-acl 98 workshop """" discourse relations and discourse markers """" august 15 , 1998 opening 9 . 00 session 1 : discourse structure parsing uses introduction daniel marcu ( usc / isi ) a surface-based approach to identifying discourse markers and elementary textual units in unrestricted texts 9 . 10 - 9 . 30 simon h . corston - oliver ( microsoft research ) identifying the linguistic correlates of rhetorical relations 9 . 30 - 9 . 50 j . burstein , k . kukich , s . wolff , c . lu , m . chodorow ( educational testing service and hunter college ) enriching automated essay scoring using discourse marking 9 . 50 - 10 . 10 discussion 10 . 10 - 10 . 25 coffee break session 2 : cue words introduction 10 . 40 b . grote ( otto - von - guericke universitt magdeburg ) representing temporal discourse markers for generation purposes 10 . 45 - 11 . 05 l . degand ( university of louvain ) on classifying connectives and coherence relations 11 . 05 - 11 . 25 c . soria , g . ferrari ( university of pisa and university of east piemonte ) lexical marking of discourse relations - some experimental findings 11 . 25 - 11 . 45 s . teufel ( university of edinburgh ) meta - discourse markers and problem-structuring in scientific texts 11 . 45 - 12 . 05 discussion 12 . 05 - 12 . 20 lunch poster session : 13 . 00 - 14 . 00 l . danlos ( universite paris ) linguistic ways for expressing a discourse relation and lexicalized text generation system a . knott ( university of edinburgh ) similarity and contrast relations and inductive rules f . schilder ( universitt hamburg ) temporal discourse markers and the flow of events n . ward ( university of tokyo ) some exotic discourse markers of spoken dialogue session 3 : grammar , semantics , and formalism introduction 14 . 00 b . webber , a . joshi ( university of pennsylvania ) anchoring a lexicalized tree - adjoin grammar for discourse 14 . 05 - 14 . 25 j . jayez , c . rossari ( ehess and universite de geneve ) discourse relations versus discourse marker relations 14 . 25 - 14 . 45 m . pery - woodley ( universite de toulouse ) textual signalling in written text : a corpus-based approach 14 . 45 - 15 . 05 k . dahlgren ( inquizit technologies , inc . ) lexical marking and the recovery of discourse structure 15 . 05 - 15 . 25 discussion 15 . 25 - 15 . 40 break session 4 : speech and dialogue introduction 16 . 00 m . kawamori , t . kawabata , a . shimazu ( ntt research and jaist ) discourse markers in spontaneous dialogue : a corpus based study of japanese and english 16 . 05 - 16 . 25 y . nakano , t . kato ( ntt labs ) cue phrase selection in instruction dialogue using machine learning 16 . 25 - 16 . 45 k . fischer , h . brandt - pook ( universitt bielefeld ) automatic disambiguation of discourse particles 16 . 45 - 17 . 05 d . jurafsky , e . shriberg , b . fox , t . curl ( university of colorado and sri ) lexical , prosodic , and syntactic cues for dialog acts 17 . 05 - 17 . 25 discussion 17 . 25 - 17 . 55 closing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - eduard hovy email : hovy @ isi . edu usc information sciences institute tel : 310-822 - 1511 ext 731 4676 admiralty way fax : 310-823 - 6714 marina del rey , ca 90292-6695 project homepage : http : / / www . isi . edu / natural-language / nlp-at - isi . html
 "",0
 2598,""Subject: workshop sposs preliminary program
  
  sposs sound patterns of spontaneous speech production and perception 24-26 september , la baume les aix , aix en provence , france preliminary program thursday 24 10h - 10h30 registration 10h30 - 11h opening , presentation of the communications 11h - 11h30 coffee break 11h30 - 12h30 * invited lecture : making sense of the infinite variety of natural speech patterns b . lindblom , stockholm university and austin university 12h30 - 13h30 lunch 13h30 - 14h30 * invited lecture : the phonetic manifestation of words in spontaneous speech k . kohler , university of kiel 14h30 - 15h coffee break 15h - 15h20 * between - word processes in early multi-word speech c . newton , university college , london 15h20 - 15h40 * phonological and phonetic aspects of brazilian portugese : a study of / r / variants r . cruz and l . messias , ufpa , brazil 15h40 - 16h * distribution and acoustical characteristics of the / r / allophones in french : laboratory / spontaneous speech d . autesserre and m . chafcouloff , lpl , aix en provence 16h - 16h20 * assimilatory behavior of tongue-tip trills m . j . sole , laboratoria de fonetica , barcelona 16h20 - 16h40 * consonant reduction in spontaneous polish speech r . gubrynowicz * and p . durand * * , * sal , warsaw and * * lpl , aix en provence 16h40 - 17h * quasi - homorganic v1 # # v2 sequencies in austrian german s . moosmuller , acoustic research departement , wien friday 25 9h - 10h * invited lecture : synchronic variations and prosodic changes : the influence of prosodic structuring j . vaissiere , ilgla , paris 10h - 10h20 coffee break 10h20 - 10h40 * what is deleted in spontaneous finnish : segmental interaction with word stress , vowel harmony and moras r . valimaa - blum , cnrs ua 1027 , universite de lille 10h40 - 11h * aspects of the reduction and contextual assimilation of consonant sequences in spontaneous french speech d . duez , lpl , cnrs esa 6057 , aix en provence 11h - 11h20 * preaspiration and pre-stopped laterals : historical change in light of spontaneous speech p . helgason , institute of phonetics , stockholm 11h20 - 11h40 * casual speech : a rich source of intriguing puzzles s . manuel , research laboratory of electronics , mit cambridge 11h40 - 12h * language dependent and independent spontaneous speech phenomena p . basset and t . su , ilpga , paris 12h30 - 13h30 lunch 13h30 - 14h30 * invited lecture : the recognition of spoken words with variable representation a . cutler , max planck institute , nijmegen 14h30 - 14h50 * perception of ` reduced ` forms by non-native speakers of english l . shockey , university of reading 14h50 - 15h10 * listening to nonnative language which violates native assimilation rules a . weber , mpi , nijmegen 15h10 - 15h30 * lexical access in spontaneous speech : reduced forms prime . . . less e . g . bard , m . l . kelly and c . sotillo , hcrc , edinburgh 15h30 - 15h50 * disfluent speech : the transcriber problem r . lickley and e . g . bard , hcrc , edinburgh 15h50 - 16h10 coffee break 16h10 - 17h30 poster session : 16h10 - 16h30 oral presentation of the posters by j . vaissiere 16h30 - 17h30 poster session : discussion with authors posters : * is hypo-articulation lexically constrained ? c . f . sotillo and e . g . bard , hcrs , edinburgh * the use of alisp for automatic acoustic-phonetic transcription j . cernocky * , g . baudoin * * and g . chollet * * , * tu of brno , * * esiee and * * enst paris * multilingual detection of specific sound patterns : the case of vowels and plosives n . parlangeau and f . pellegrino , irit toulouse * we talk like meh ? no , lah : intonation patterns on discourse particles in spontaneous singapore english l . lim , university of singapore * palatalized plosives in french and palatal in korean : a comparative study h . z . kim , dankook university * extent of context and vowel identification in speech variation s . m . williams and r . l . diehl , university of texas * vowel quality in spontaneous speech : what makes a good vowel ? m . aylett and a . turk , hcrc , edimburgh * dual - route encoding : a synthesis of acoustic evidence from normal speech s . p . whiteside and r . a . varley , university of sheffield * acoustic - prosodic cues of speech repairs in spontaneous speech s . c . tseng , university of bielefeld * disentangling multiple sources of stress in word segmentation h . borfeld and j . morgan , brown university , providence saturday 26 9h - 9h20 * speaker strategies in the use of prosodic means in spontaneous discourse in dutch m . van donzel , f . j . koopmans - van beinum , l . c . w . pols , university of amsterdam 9h20 - 9h40 * global and local characteristics of dutch questions in play-acted and spontaneous speech j . haan * and v . j . van heuven * * , nijmegen university * and leiden university * * 9h40 - 10h10 * effects of prosodic constraints on the lengthening of syllable constituent in french : a comparison between spontaneous and french speech c . astesano , universite de provence , aix en provence 10h10 - 10h30 * coffee break 10h30 - 10h50 * direct and indirect measurement of the articulation of intervocalic stop consonants in french a . soquet , universite libre de bruxelles 10h50 - 11h10 * comparison of aerodynamic and epg data in spoken and spontaneous speech d . demolin , universite libre de bruxelles 11h10 - 11h30 * effect of emphasis and irritation on jaw opening o . fujimura , d . erickson and b . pardo , the ohio state university 11h30 - 11h50 * selection of pronunciation variants in spontaneous speech : comparing the performance of man and machine m . wester , j . m . kessens , c . cucchiarini and h . strik 11h50 - 12h50 panel session : achievements and perspectives of research on spontaneous speech more information on la baume les aix and the workshop can be found on our web site : http : / / www . lpl . univ-aix . fr / sposs
 "",0
 2599,""Subject: brazilian international conference on cognitive science ( iii ebicc )
  
  iii brazilian international conference on cognitive science ( iii ebicc ) e - mail : eliane @ cle . unicamp . br homepage : http : / / www . unicamp . br / cle / projesp . htm 13 - 18 april 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = state university of campinas ( unicamp ) - campinas , s . p . brazil organized by the brazilian society for cognitive science and centre for logic , epistemology and history of science = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = following areas : - - philosophy of mind - - connectionism - - psycolinguistics - - self - organization - - cognitive neuroscience - - artificial intelligence - - neurolinguistics - - philosophy of language - - cognitive psychology - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - minicourses auto - organizacion professores : osvaldo pessoa jr . ; maria eunice quilici gonzales ; itala maria loffredo d ' ottaviano ; ettore bresciani ; carmem beatriz milidoni ; jonatas manzolli . modelos de inteligencia artificial para processos cognitivos professores : aluizio araujo ; clara santos ; gerson zaverucha . neurociencia cognitiva professores : antonio carlos guimar \ 227es de almeida ; vitor geraldi haase ; henrique sch \ 252tzer del nero ; vera maura fernandes de lima ; wolfgang hanke . filosofia da linguagem """" pragmatica e ciencias cognitivas """" professores : marcelo dascal . cognitivo e linguagem professores : edson francozo ; adriana benevides soares . workshop """" metaphors we move by """" professora : varda dascal - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - organizing committee : michael b . wrigley ( chairman ) adriana benevides soares ana maria pellegrini aloisio araujo carlos alberto lungarzo edson francozo jonatas manzolli jose roberto piqueira maria eunice q . gonzales walter a . carnielli - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - participating institutions : state university of campinas ( unicamp ) , university of sao paulo ( usp ) , state university of sao paulo ( unesp ) , state university of north rio de janeiro ( uenf ) , national association of postgraduate programmes in philosophy ( anpof ) funding organizations : capes , cnpq , faep-unicamp , fapesp = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
 "",0
 2600,""Subject: computationally - intensive methods in quantitative linguistics
  
  second workshop in computationally-intensive methods in quantitative linguistics department of statistics university of glasgow , uk 7 - 9 september 1998 announcement and call for registration in recent years techniques from disciplines such as computer science , articficial intelligence and statistics have found their way into the pages of journals such as the journal of quantitative linguistics , literary and linguistic computing and computers and the humanities . while this influx may bring more advanced methods of analysis to the fields of quantitative linguistics , stylometry and stylistics , the demands upon researchers to understand and use these new techniques are great . familiarity with the appropriate software and the ear of a sympathetic expert are pre-requisites without which the technique may seem out of reach to the average researcher . the humanities advanced technology and information institute and the department of statistics of the university of glasgow are hence supporting this practical workshop in computationally - intensive methods in quantitative linguistics . the workshop is designed to introduce the participants to four such techniques in a practical environment . each half-day session will be divided into an introductory session in a lecture theatre and a longer period spent working with software and practical examples . all of the speakers have published papers using the analyses they will present and their aim in this workshop is to enable the participants to return to their home institutions able to carry out these techniques in the course of their own research . the sessions and speakers are as follows : harald baayen ; max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen , the netherlands . large number of rare event models walter daelemans ; university of tilburg , the netherlands . linguistics as data mining : using machine learning techniques to discover linguistic generalizations michael oakes ; university of lancaster , unted kingdom . multivariate statistics in corpus linguistics fiona tweedie ; university of glasgow , united kingdom . time series models in linguistics the workshop will be held in the mathematics building of the university of glasgow , commencing on monday 7 september at 1pm . the four workshop sessions will take place on monday afternoon , tuesday 8 september and the morning of wednesday 9 september . there will also be a half day tour on the wednesday afternoon and a reception in the hunterian art gallery on monday evening . accommodation has been arranged in university accommodation with some en suite facilities . the reception , tea and coffee , lunches on 8 and 9 september and evening meals on 7 and 8 september are included in the registration fee . the registration fee , until 15 july , is gbp150 . 00 and gbp100 . 00 for students . participants who are also attending the digital resources in the humanities conference , 9-12 september are eligible for a discount in the registration fees . for more information about the workshop and to register , please consult the web site at http : / / www . stats . gla . ac . uk / ~ cimql or send email to the conference organisers at cimql @ stats . gla . ac . uk . please note that the organisers will be attending the allc / ach conference in debrecen from 2-11 july , so responses during this time may be sparse .
 "",0
 2601,""Subject: books : a survey of american linguistics
  
  the publishing house of moscow state university has just released a groundbreaking 455 - page hard cover book in russian which is a collection of surveys on the state of modern american linguistics . """" fundamental trends of modern american linguistics """" ( """" fundamental ' nye napravlenija sovremennoj amerikanskoj lingvistiki """" ) is unique in its scope since it is the first ever comprehensive publication in russian which presents diverse disciplines within american linguistics to russian - speaking audience . the book consists of three major parts : part i : generative grammar chapter 1 . brief history of the generative grammar ( john bailyn , suny at stony brook ) chapter 2 . a study of syntactic conditions in the generative grammar ( konstantin kazenin & yakov testelec , mgu ) chapter 3 . the generative grammar and the free word order problem ( natasha kondarshova , cornell u ) chapter 4 . the generative grammar and russian linguistics : aspect and case ( natal ' ja isakadze & irina kobozeva , mgu ) part ii : other formal theories : phonology , semantics , psycholinguistics , and acquisition chapter 5 . phonology ( katya zubritskaya , nyu ) chapter 6 . formal semantics ( roumyana izvorska , u of pennsylvania ) chapter 7 . psycholinguistics ( irina sekerina , u of pennsylvania ) chapter 8 . acquisition ( sergey avrutin , yale u ) part iii : functional and cognitive theories chapter 9 . functionalism ( andrey kibrik and vladimir plungjan , mgu ) chapter 10 . semantics in cognitive linguistics ( alan cienki , emory u ) chapter 11 . main concepts of cognitive semantics ( ekaterina rakhilina , viniti ) appendix : the grammaticala relevance of theme / rheme partition ( george fowler , indiana university ) index of languages index of terms the authors and the editors made every attempt to concisely and accurately translate the linguistic terms without which it modern american linguistics will not be comprehensible . the reader will find russian translations and definitions of such syntactic terms as """" subjacency principle """" , """" spellout """" , """" island constraints """" , phonological terms such as """" underspecification theory """" , """" onset principle """" , """" the ocp """" , """" optimality theory """" , and many others included in the comprehensive 47 - page russian - english index . most of the phenomena discussed are illustrated with russian examples . please address your inquires to dr . irina sekerina at sekerina @ linc . cis . upenn . edu . more information is posted at the following url : http : / / www . cis . upenn . edu / ~ sekerina / book . htm .
 "",0
 2602,""Subject: wecol ' 98 - - western conference on linguistics
  
  arizona state university cordially invites you to attend wecol ' 98 ( western conference on linguistics ) , to be held in conjunction with lasso xxvii , 9-11 october 1998 . information about the conference ( s ) may be found at our websites : http : / / www . public . asu . edu / ~ teresalw / wecol . htm http : / / www . public . asu . edu / ~ teresalw / lasso . htm these sites include preliminary programs as well as information about the meeting site , lodging , nearby areas of interest , and your host institution arizona state university . please feel free to contact the pagemaster of the site , teresa . wells @ asu . edu , with any questions . teresa wells research assistant to dr . elly van gelderen english department arizona state university
 "",0
 2603,""Subject: euralex ' 98 - revised programme
  
  euralex ' 98 - liege , belgium ( 4 - 8 august 1998 ) dear colleagues , the final programme of the 8th international congress of the european association for lexicography ( euralex ' 98 ) is now available at the following web address : http : / / engdep1 . philo . ulg . ac . be / euralex . htm ( click on euralex ' 98 final programme ) or directly at http : / / engdep1 . philo . ulg . ac . be / michiels / final . htm best wishes , thierry fontenelle
 "",0
 2604,"",Body,Label
  0,""""Subject: great part-time or summer job !
   
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  1,""""Subject: auto insurance rates too high ?
   
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  """",1
  4,""""Subject: do n't miss these !
   
   attention ! warning ! adults only ! warning ! adults only ! if you are under 21 years of age , or not interested in sexually explicit material . . . please hit your keyboard delete button now and please excuse the intrusion . to remove your name from our mailing list , send us email with remove in the subject line . you need not read any further ! available now for only $ 9 . 95 ! next 10 days only ! world record sex ! be there ! see it now on video ! unbelievable . . . but true ! you won't believe your eyes ! ! ! 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"""""""" gang bang ii """""""" the record breaker ! ! ! starring jasmin st . claire ! see beautiful and voluptious jasmin st . claire shatter annabel 's gang bang record by taking on 300 men in one 24 hour sex session ! you won't believe your eyes at all the hot firey action that you will see as the new world record is established before your eyes as jasmin takes on five men at a time for sexual intercourse and oral sex ! your friends will break down your door to see this video ! you ' ll be the most popular guy in town ! the action is truly unreal and you will see the best of it in living life-like color ! order today and see jasmin break the record ! 90 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] . also available . . . the uncensored authentic underground . . . pamela anderson lee & tommy lee sex video tape ! everyone is talking about this exciting video ! see pam and tommy engaging in sexual intercourse and oral sex in the car , on the boat and much , much more ! 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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please ship me the following video tape [ s ] ! qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ annabel chong """""""" world 's biggest gang bang """""""" qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """""""" gang bang ii """""""" jasmin st . claire qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """""""" pamela & tommy lee sex video tape """""""" qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """""""" tonya harding wedding night sex video tape """""""" qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """""""" traci i love you """""""" traci lords at $ 9 . 95 each plus $ 3 . 00 for shipping and handling per tape [ $ 12 . 95 per video or """""""" special $ 51 . 80 for all five """""""" ! credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp date _ _ _ i hereby represent that i am over 21 years of age . my date of birth is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ship to : name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ area code and home phone [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax # [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to remove your name from our mailing list , send us an email with remove in the subject line . this is a one time offer and you should not hear from us again ! foreign orders - add $ 15us if you desire air parcel post shipment . we ship all over the world . by deleting your unwanted e - mail you waste one keystroke , yet by throwing away paper mail you waste our planet ! save the trees and support internet e - mail instead of paper mail ! [ c ] copyright tcps 1998
  """",1
  5,""""Subject: see amazing world record sex !
   
   attention ! warning ! adults only ! warning ! adults only ! if you are under 21 years of age , or not interested in sexually explicit material . . . please hit your keyboard delete button now and please excuse the intrusion . to remove your name from our mailing list , send us email with remove in the subject line . you need not read any further ! available now for only $ 9 . 95 ! next 10 days only ! world record sex ! be there ! see it now on video ! unbelievable . . . but true ! you won't believe your eyes ! ! ! [ as seen on the howard stern show ] """""""" the world 's biggest gang bang """""""" see sexy annabel chong as she sets the world gang bang record in this fantastic video documentary that chronicles her 24 hour sexathon with 251 men engaging in sexual intercourse and oral sex with her ! do n't worry , you won't have to stay up 24 hours to watch it all . we ' ve selected only the most exciting and red hot scenes for you . . . all in breathtaking living color with plenty of extreme close-ups ! this video is guaranteed to knock your socks off and leave you breathless ! you ' ve never seen anything like it ! annabel takes on five men at a time ! 90 minutes ! order today ! only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] . """""""" gang bang ii """""""" the record breaker ! ! ! starring jasmin st . claire ! see beautiful and voluptious jasmin st . claire shatter annabel 's gang bang record by taking on 300 men in one 24 hour sex session ! you won't believe your eyes at all the hot firey action that you will see as the new world record is established before your eyes as jasmin takes on five men at a time for sexual intercourse and oral sex ! your friends will break down your door to see this video ! you ' ll be the most popular guy in town ! the action is truly unreal and you will see the best of it in living life-like color ! order today and see jasmin break the record ! 90 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] . also available . . . the uncensored authentic underground . . . pamela anderson lee & tommy lee sex video tape ! everyone is talking about this exciting video ! see pam and tommy engaging in sexual intercourse and oral sex in the car , on the boat and much , much more ! a real collectors video ! 30 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] """""""" tonya harding wedding night sex video """""""" now see the beautiful ice skating shame of the olympics tonya harding engaging in sexual intercourse and oral sex on her wedding night with husband jeff gillooly ! this """""""" bad girl """""""" is hot ! do n't miss this video ! 30 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] """""""" traci . . . i love you """""""" starring traci lords now see the most beautiful and popular porn star in her last adult video before she hit the big time ! it 's the blockbuster of the year . . . sensual . . . fiery and exposive ! traci lords in her most erotic and controversial film ever ! do n't miss it ! 90 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] email special ! order any four videos and get the fifth one free ! ! ! your order will be shipped via first class mail . all shipments in plain unmarked wrapper . for priority mail - add $ 5 for overnight express - add $ 15 you can order by phone , fax , mail or email . we accept all major credit cards and checks by phone or fax . visa - mastercard - american express - discover 10 day money back guarantee ! we know that you will be pleased with these videos ! to email your order - do not hit reply on your keyboard send email to our special email address below : sparkle124 @ juno . com [ note : if you order by email and do not receive an email acknowledgement within 24 hours , please phone our office at 718-287 - 3800 ] phone our office 9am to 10 pm [ eastern time ] [ 718 ] 287-3800 to order by phone for fastest service ! we can accept your credit card or check by phone fax your order 24 hours per day to [ 718 ] 462-5920 you can fax your credit card information or your check order by mail by sending $ 12 . 95 per video , cash , check , money order or major credit card [ visa , mastercard , american express or discover ] to tcps , inc . 4718 18th ave . suite 135 brooklyn , ny 11204 make checks & money orders payable to tcps , inc . new york state residents please add 85 cents for sales tax per video ! you must be over 21 years of age to order and give us your date of birth with your order ! the following order form is for your convenience ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please ship me the following video tape [ s ] ! qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ annabel chong """""""" world 's biggest gang bang """""""" qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """""""" gang bang ii """""""" jasmin st . claire qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """""""" pamela & tommy lee sex video tape """""""" qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """""""" tonya harding wedding night sex video tape """""""" qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """""""" traci i love you """""""" traci lords at $ 9 . 95 each plus $ 3 . 00 for shipping and handling per tape [ $ 12 . 95 per video or """""""" special $ 51 . 80 for all five """""""" ! credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp date _ _ _ i hereby represent that i am over 21 years of age . my date of birth is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ship to : name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ area code and home phone [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax # [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to remove your name from our mailing list , send us an email with remove in the subject line . this is a one time offer and you should not hear from us again ! foreign orders - add $ 15us if you desire air parcel post shipment . we ship all over the world . by deleting your unwanted e - mail you waste one keystroke , yet by throwing away paper mail you waste our planet ! save the trees and support internet e - mail instead of paper mail ! [ c ] copyright tcps 1998
  """",1
  6,""""Subject: we can help you get a loan ! ! !
   
   subject : re : are you in debt ? if you are then we can help . qualifying is now at your fingertips and there are no long distance calls to make or travel plans to arrange . free loan evaluation : http : / / 209 . 84 . 246 . 173 / 151 . html or go herehttp : / / www . bizmen . tj / amcap / 151 . html we are american capital mortgage services , we specialize in helping homeowners establish one easy low monthly payment with the added benefit of not needing any equity in your home . american capital is constantly working with other lenders throughout the u . s . to provide you with the best interest rate possible . we have a number of different companies that we work with and this is at no cost to you ever . we are simply a referral agency . as you may have seen in our ad you can be loaned up to 125 % of the value of your home or $ 100 , 000 . 00 even if you have no equity in your home . there are no up-front or advanced fees of any kind . you can be approved within 24 hours and have your cash in one weeks time . in order for us to provide you with a free loan evaluation , please go to : http : / / 209 . 84 . 246 . 173 / 151 . htmlor go herehttp : / / www . bizmen . tj / amcap / 151 . html put us to the test i know we can help you . kindest regards .
  """",1
  7,""""Subject: beat the irs & pay-no - more
   
   = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = - please read - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the founding fathers of the united states of america wrote our con - stitution , bill of rights and declaration of independence to set us free from tyranny and taxation . our founding fathers did not want our government to make you pay income taxes . if you study the constitution , and the irs tax laws , you will find that paying income taxes is not mandatory . it is based on a voluntary system . the laws and the supreme court and the irs have ruled that federal income taxes are voluntary and filing a return is not required in many cases if you properly volunteer out of the system and their jurisdiction . . """""""" our tax system is based on individual self assessment and voluntary compliance . """""""" - m . caplin , irs commissioner """""""" our tax system is based upon voluntary assessment and payment and not on distraint """""""" - supreme court ruling , flora v . u . s . , 362 u . s . 145 it is very easy and legal to volunteer out of the irs tax system , but you must know the exact process required to do this simple task . if you don t know the correct way to do this , you could be fined $ 500 by the irs . if you will spend just $ 35 . 00 we will send you our report : """""""" beat the irs & pay-no - more """""""" . our report will set you free legally ! after reading our report and filling out a simple form you will be free from the irs bandits and the graduated federal income tax . . . forever . our report is guaranteed to stop federal income tax withholding from your pay check ! ! ! you will never have to pay federal income taxes again . you will never have to file a 1040 form again . you will never have to keep personal expense or income records . you will be completely free from the federal income tax and the irs . we send you absolute proof you do not have to file a return . after reading our report and following simple instructions your pay check will be free from those nasty income tax deductions . this will put an extra $ 20 to $ 200 in your pocket every week ! . """""""" isn t it about time you get paid what your worth ? """""""" now is the time to fight back . please read on ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * """""""" beat-the - irs & pay-no - more """""""" our package , ( beat the irs & pay-no - more ) will teach you exactly how to easily : stop federal income tax withholding , stop april filing of 1040 form , & stop the irs extortion permanently ! this works for all citizens that are not government employes , do n't deal in alcohol , tobacco , or fire arms , or own a corporation or own a business where you are under a duty to withold from your employes paycheck . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the irs federal income tax system is based on voluntary complience . . . we will teach you how to legally volunteer out of the system ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - your success is absolutely unconditionally guaranteed ! our methods work every time for everybody if you were born in and live in one of the 50 republic states and are not a government employee . also you can not live or work on government property such as a mili - tary base , washington , d . c . , guam , semoa , virgin islands , etc . our method is 100 % legal , honest and ethical . we will pay anybody $ 1 , 000 if they can prove our method is illegal , dishonest or unethical ! ! ! our method has worked for every person who has ever bought this package without exception . nobody has ever failed and only 2 people asked for a refund ! ! ! - our package includes a lifetime , free , 50 % pay out dealership , plus all the marketing material master copies you will ever need . your paychecks will be 10 % to 35 % bigger every week , within 2 weeks of filing the proper forms and affidavit . why not give yourself a raise this year by exercising and enjoying more of your constitu - tional rights . set yourself free ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - your package includes unlimited free phone consultations , a copy of the u . s . constitution , the bill of rights , forms , affidavits , and much , much more ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - order form - cut - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - to order by mail : send this order form plus your name , address , phone # and a $ 35 money order to : linkco - - dept . # 00001 - - pob 66781 - - phoenix , az 85082 phone : ( 602 ) 267-9688 you may also call just to ask questions . thanks for reading this message ! - ( unconditional money back guarantee ) - - copyright 1996 linkco - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to be removed from our list send an e-mail to : zz214 @ usa . net with remove in the subject area . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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  8,""""Subject: email 57 million people for $ 99
   
   57 million email addresses for only $ 99 you want to make some money ? i can put you in touch with over 50 million people at virtually no cost . can you make one cent from each of theses names ? if you can you have a profit of over $ 500 , 000 . 00 that 's right , i have 57 million fresh email addresses that i will sell for only $ 99 . these are all fresh addresses that include almost every person on the internet today , with no duplications . they are all sorted and ready to be mailed . that is the best deal anywhere today ! imagine selling a product for only $ 5 and getting only a 1 / 10 % response . that 's $ 2 , 850 , 000 in your pocket ! ! ! do n't believe it ? people are making that kind of money right now by doing the same thing , that is why you get so much email from people selling you their product . . . . it works ! i will even tell you how to mail them with easy to follow step-by - step instructions i include with every order . these 57 million email addresses are yours to keep , so you can use them over and over and they come on 1 cd . this offer is not for everyone . if you can not see the just how excellent the risk / reward ratio in this offer is then there is nothing i can do for you . to make money you must stop dreaming and take action . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the bronze marketing setup 57 , 000 , 000 email addresses on cd these name are all in text files ready to mail ! ! ! $ 99 . 00 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the silver marketing setup 57 , 000 , 000 email addresses on cd these name are all in text files ready to mail ! ! ! and 8 different bulk email programs and tools to help with your mailings and list management . $ 139 . 00 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the gold marketing setup virtually everything ! ! 57 , 000 , 000 email addresses on cd these name are all in text files ready to mail ! ! ! and 8 different bulk email programs and tools to help with your mailings and list management . and over 500 different business reports now being sold on the internet for up to $ 100 each . you get full rights to resell these reports . with this package you get the email addresses , the software to mail them and ready to sell information products . and . . . . . . . . a collection of the 100 best money making adds currently floating around on the internet . $ 189 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the platinum marketing setup for those ready to """""""" own the net """""""" 57 , 000 , 000 email addresses on cd these name are all in text files ready to mail ! ! ! and 8 different bulk email programs and tools to help with your mailings and list management . and over 500 different business reports now being sold on the internet for up to $ 100 each . you get full rights to resell these reports . with this package you get the email addresses , the software to mail them and ready to sell information products . and . . . . . . . . a collection of the 100 best money making adds currently floating around on the internet . and . . . . . . floodgate & goldrush fully registered software ! ! this is the number 1 most powerful mass mailing software in the world today . there is nothing that can compare for speed , reliability , performance , and the ability to use """""""" stealth """""""" functions . this is the package that will allow you to use the net as your own personal """""""" money tree """""""" at will ! ! ! $ 379 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * several ways to order ! ! ! if you order by phone we will ship your cd containing the 57 million + names within 12 hours of your order ! ! ! 1 ) we accept : american express or visa mastercard type of card amx / visa / mc ? ? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on credit card _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ billing address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone include area code _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ we will bill selected amount to your account plus the following shipping costs shipping cost of 3 . 85 first class mail shipping cost of 15 . 00 24 hour express mail / federal express sales tax added to ar residents > > > send correct amount in cash , check or money order to : > > > fire power ! ! > > > 1320 n . """""""" b """""""" st . , suite 112-24 > > > fort smith , ar 72901 2 ) send the same above requested credit card information to above address . 3 ) call phone # 530-876 - 4293 . this is a 24 hour phone number to place a credit card order . fire power ! is a private company and is not affiliated with , or endorsed by , aol , msn , or any other internet service provider . copyright 1998 all rights reser
  """",1
  9,""""Subject: 
   
   make $ 3500 per week using your home computer ! put my free software in your computer . . . . . start making huge amounts of cash . . . . . without working ! ! ! ! your computer does all the work . . you get all the money ! ! ! you never have to talk to anybody ! ! just load my free software into your computer . . . and let it go . . . you will not believe how much money will come rolling in because of the efforts of your computer ! ! ! to get more information on this email me at . . manboca @ hotmail . com
  """",1
  10,""""Subject: the best , just got better
   
   the 2 newest and hottest interactive adult web sites will soon be the largest ! ! ! check out both of the following adult web sites free samples and trial memberships ! ! ! ! live triple x adult entertainment and pictures . new content added weekly ! ! ! girls , boys , couples , and more ! ! ! check them both out : http : / / www2 . dirtyonline . com http : / / www . chixchat . com
  """",1
  11,""""Subject: . . . . . use hypnosis to make money !
   
   hi . my name is dennis . i am a third-generation , professional hypnotherapist with over 22 years experience . i also , like many of you , spend a bit of time online . like you , i get hit by all sorts of mail either promoting sex sites or promising untold riches . being practical , i know multilevel marketing makes a lot of money for some people . . . the ones at the front end , at the beginning . but all the ones i have seen advertised are either the same one or clones of each other . i am sure you know the one i am talking about . i know people are still making money with it , or there would n't be so many advertisements . but they are n't making much , for two main reasons i can see . first it is the same , tired program that was old when i first went online a couple of years ago . anyone starting now would be at the tail end rather than the head . second perhaps more importantly . . . that program doesn ' t sell anything that people really want ! they wrote up some reports full of information that you probably either already know or do n't care about , just so they would have a product to sell . i have a solution . offer a product that people want to buy ! i have written clear , easy-to - read reports on self-hypnosis . most people have things they want to improve about their lives . many of these things , including stress , weight control , and smoking , can be taken care of with hypnosis . but people have good reasons why they do n't go to a hypnotherapist to take care of them . one is cost . even though being healthy saves money in the long run , people look at the short term expense and decide against it . another is pride . who wants to admit that they needed help from someone else ? it is almost like going to a psychiatrist . even though it is nothing to be ashamed of , it is still something few people want to admit . now people can learn how to take care of many of their problems themselves ! not only will they save money , they will have a sense of pride in being able to do it themselves . i am sure you have heard someone say before , """""""" i lost 15 pounds """""""" or """""""" i quit smoking . """""""" they are proud of what they have accomplished . i keep saying """""""" they """""""" because even though you will be able to use this knowledge for yourself , you will make your money by selling the reports to the many people that are also interested in hypnosis . with that other program i mentioned people have made a lot of money selling something nobody really wants . think how well you could do selling a product that is actually worth it ! i am trying to keep this email short , but want you to think about something else . i have seen multilevel emails that had the following : 1st level - 10 members with $ 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ $ 50 2nd level - 10 from each of those 10 ( $ 5x100 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ $ 500 3rd level - 10 from each of those 100 ( $ 5x1 , 000 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ $ 5 , 000 4th level - 10 from each of those 1 , 000 ( $ 5x10 , 000 ) _ _ _ _ _ $ 50 , 000 total $ 55 , 550 if they expect that much participation in a program that old , could n't you expect twice the participation per level ? getting 20 people instead of 10 for each level would make you $ 842 , 100 ! the first three reports teach how you can hypnotize yourself to improve you life . the fourth shows how to set up your email , how to get it out to others , and other tips and strategies you can use to be a success . i want you to be a success , because each person who replies to you , asking for report 1 , will also be replying to me asking for report 2 . then , when those people contact customers , you will be receiving money and orders from people you did n't even have to contact ! they will be advertising for you ! i am now going to list the reports and the addresses to order them from . just think , your name is going to be at the # 1 position , the one that makes the most money , when you send out your emails . report 1 : general information on self - hypnosis & relaxation and stress relief the perfect combination po box 798 chepachet , ri 02814 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - report 2 : weight loss rvp po box 190 wahiawa , hi 96786 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - report 3 : quitting smoking & other uses and tips for self - hypnosis s . franco po box 623 bonsall , ca 92003-0623 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - report 4 : turning it into a business j . destefano box 20793 1303 e . university blvd . tucson , az 85719-0521 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ordering instructions : * order each report from the person whose address is under the report title . you will need all 4 reports , because you will receive orders ( and money ) for each one , as your name travels down each of the 4 levels . * each report costs $ 5 . 00 cash . imagine receiving 100s of $ 5 . 00 checks a day , wondering which ones have cleared , and which ones have n't . you can see why cash is a necessity . the money should be wrapped in 2 pieces of paper , concealing it to prevent theft . * on one sheet of paper you should include the name & number of the report you are ordering , your email address , and your postal address . please write clearly . if your email address have parts that can be confused , i . e . 0 vs . o , l vs . i , etc . , please specify which it is . * the report will be sent to you as quickly as possible after your order is received . it will be sent as an attached document via email , unless there is trouble with your email address . the postal address will then be used as a backup . * make sure you save each report as you receive it , so you will be ready to send it out as you start receiving your orders ! * as i mentioned earlier , instructions on how to set up the email for you to mail out are on report 4 . for now , it would be best if you saved this email , so you will have it to work with later . finally , i want to remind you that this is a legitimate business . you should treat it as such when you enter it . you can talk to the small business administration if you need help in starting your business . you will of course need to pay local and federal taxes on the money you make . but since it is money you would n't have had otherwise , giving a little of it to uncle sam won't hurt . please contact the internal revenue service for any questions you have concerning applicable taxes . even though i am confident that a little effort will make you a success in this business , i can make no guarantees and none should be implied . actual profits made may be lower , equal to , or exceed the amounts mentioned in this letter . i would wish you luck , but i do n't feel luck is as important as making good decisions and having determination .
  """",1
  12,""""Subject: the challenge
   
   from the desk of robert g . allen dear nlpeople first let me ask you this question . do you want to build an extra stream of income ? if you said , """""""" yes ! """""""" then let me show you how you can began living your dreams this year instead of waiting until it 's too late . if you are not interested in this , please forgive the intrusion and delete this letter , and i will not contact you again . as it says on the letterhead , my name is robert allen . i ' m well known for my books , nothing down and creating wealth ( which were # 1 new york times best sellers ) and my recent audio programs , road to wealth and multiple streams of income . according to independent research , these books and programs have created hundreds of millionaires . my third book is called """""""" the challenge . """""""" it 's a true story of how i selected a woman from an unemployment line and taught her my success secrets . ninety days later , she had earned $ 5 , 000 and in a year , had earned $ 100 , 000 . i ' m now working on my next challenge . i call it the multiple streams of income challenge . here 's the challenge . as a test , i am selecting a small group of people and teaching them a brand new way of earning extra streams of income . i want you to work with me on this next challenge . if you join with me , you will be working with me and my team of highly successful people . our financial success is tied directly to you . if you are successful , then we are successful . it 's that simple . i do n't want to take up your time if you ' re not really looking for a way to add an extra stream of income . therefore , i ' ve recorded a message on a 24 hour voice mail number that gives the basic information . here 's the number . 801-235 - 0600 if you have access to a fax machine then also call our fax on demand at 415-995 - 2365 . this will give you a complete overview of our company . check out our web site at www . usana . com call this hotline number , retrieve this fax , and check out this web site today ! you will be glad you did . to have someone contact you with information on joining , please send a request to plumb111 @ aristotle . net and someone will respond as soon as possible . if you wish to be contacted by phone , please include you phone number and area code . massive success bob allen
  """",1
  13,""""Subject: * special book offer * from americana enterprizes
   
   * have you ever got a speeding ticket and needed a desperate way to get out of it ? * would you like to know how to become a mystery shopper ? * do you know how quick and easy it is to get a patent ? * would you like to know how to save big $ $ $ in real estate taxes ? * do you have any idea how easy it is to make $ $ with your home pc ? * do you know how easy it is to self publish your own book ? > > > > these questions are just a sample of the 16 topics that we have to offer . please read on . . . americana enterprizes offers a complete set of informational """""""" how to . . . """""""" books and manuals . presently , we have 16 titles that contain detailed easy-to - read information to enhance your knowledge of various topics . * * the following is a list of our comprehensive line : * * ( summaries of each topic are explained below ) 1 . how to get a patent easy and quickly . 2 . how to become a government hud tracer . 3 . complete guide to lowering your mortgage . 4 . how to turn your spare time into cash . 5 . how to get any job you want . 6 . quick and easy ways to make money at home . 7 . how to become a mystery shopper . 8 . how to save big $ $ in real estate taxes . 9 . how to make big $ $ $ with your personal computer . 10 . how to self publish your own book . 11 . how to stop smoking forever . 12 . how to make big $ $ $ buying and selling real estate . 13 . how to beat any speeding ticket . 14 . how to make a living as a musician . 15 . how to help your children with their homework . 16 . growing up drug free . * americana enterprizes saves you the hassle of going out and searching for this hard to find information . all the research and hard work has already been done for you . most of this information cannot be found in bookstores . * the best part of this offer from americana enterprizes is that these manuals are available through e - mail . no shopping in a bookstore or hours of researching the library . especially , no waiting """""""" 6 to 8 weeks for delivery . """""""" you can order from americana enterprizes and receive your book or manual within 24 hours from receipt of payment . * you ask how we can do this ? americana enterprizes has purchased the re-publishing rights to these 16 titles . we bought them on disc . the books are copyrighted and protected . so through our purchase , we can sell you these books through e-mail at a fraction of the cost we paid for them . * cost of these materials is a minimum compared to buying the manuals in a bookstore ( that is if you could find them ) . most major companies would have to charge $ 29 . 99 or more for hard binding these books . since we can send the manuals through email in one of three different formats , these costs are saved . we here at americana enterprizes can pass these savings on to the consumer . * * each book or manual is thorough and complete . they vary in page length from 30 to 40 pages . * * * * brief descriptions of each topic : ( best-sellers are denoted by an * ) 1 . how to get a patent easy and quickly . it is hoped that this booklet will be useful to inventors and prospective applicants for patents to students , and to others who may be interested in patents , trademarks , and copyrights . this goes into depth and detail on how to attain a patent with some useful information on trademarks and copyrights . 2 . how to become a government hud tracer . well the system was designed to be simple . however , there is one catch . although in most cases it is explained to them at the act of sale , most people do not fully understand the mortgage insurance program . they do not realize that if they sell their home and someone else takes out a new mortgage , their loan is fully paid by the new mortgage . many do not realize that if they refinance for a lower interest rate , the new mortgage will pay off the original debt . many simply just forget that they have money waiting for them when they retire their mortgage . there are many different reasons , but they all boil down to one fact . there are many unclaimed dollars sitting in the hud / fha shared distribution section , with approximately 95 % of the fha / hud borrowers not asking for the return of their money . with the addition of new names monthly , and such few individuals being found and refunded the money due them , this fund grows each month at an amazing rate . this is where you fit in . . . the ! ! book goes into detail on how to become a hud tracer and make huge sums of money doing this . . . . 3 . complete guide to lowering your mortgage . the purpose of this book is to assist you in lowering your monthly mortgage payments . several options will be made available to you to achieve this goal . also included , """""""" twelve ways to lower your homeowners insurance costs . """""""" 4 . how to turn your spare time into cash . * * are you ready to turn stored potential into real money ? just review some of these tips and you ' ll find you can make more money than you could ever imagine from seemingly worthless objects . 5 . how to get any job you want . you need a job . somewhere , an employer has the job you want . how do you get that job ? by marketing your job talents . by showing employers you have the skills they need . do you have job talents ? yes ! homemakers , disabled individuals , veterans , students just out of school , people already working all have skills and experience for many good jobs . what you need to know is how to market your talents effectively to find the right job . this book will help you : evaluate your interests and skills . find job information . write resumes and application letters . prepare for job interviews plan your time . take tests . 6 . quick and easy ways to make money at home . * * because tens of thousands of people all across america want to know how they can work at home and earn enough money to run a household , there is a special need for this report . today the need for women to work out of the home is stronger than ever . according to recent surveys , almost 70 % are married and contribute up to 50 % and more to the family income . because family responsibilities play such an important part in the lives of men and women , millions of individuals and couples are seeking ways to make money at home . in the past decade , money-making home-based opportunities that match a person 's skills , interests , abilities , and ingenuity have become almost limitless . the purpose of this report is to show you that it 's simple and easy to join the ranks of success-minded people by choosing a work-at - home program that suits your interests and needs . 7 . how to become a mystery shopper . * * * * the joy of shopping * * * for some of us , the thought of having to go to the grocery store , mall or any store for that matter is considered something of a pleasure ! the hard part is always having a reason to go , or the extra money to spend when we do . does this sound like you ? if so , then you are a perfect candidate to become a mystery shopper ! as a mystery shopper you will have many benefits beyond the shopping - you can also receive free merchandise , get paid for your time , enjoy dinner at restaurants you have always wanted to try , take trips , the possibilities are endless . now you can shop to your hearts content and have fun while you """""""" work """""""" ! what exactly is a mystery shopper ? how do i become a mystery shopper ? answers found in this book . . . . 8 . how to save big $ $ in real estate taxes . * * of all the taxes you pay , probably none delivers more tangible benefits than the property tax you send to your city , town , or county . real estate taxes are the lifeblood of local governments , accounting for some three quarters of their budgets for schools , sanitation , parks , and public safety - - in short , for just about everything that makes the quality of life in your community what it is . but even if you ' re satisfied with what your property-tax dollar buys , you should not have to pay more than your fair share . however , if you pay substantially more than your neighbors do or if your locality has n't had a general property revaluation in several years , your tax assessment may be too high . this book shows you ways to find out if you are paying more than your share and what to do about it . 9 . how to make big $ $ $ $ with your personal computer . * * * * * for those of you who currently own , or are thinking of buying a personal computer , you can just about guarantee yourself that for just a few hours of your spare time , you could easily produce an income that exceeds your current monthly earnings . thousands of success stories have been documented , and you could easily earn up to $ 5 , 000 a month , and more , in your spare time . home based computer entrepreneurs were once predicted to be """""""" the wave of the future . """""""" the computer revolution of the 1980 's has created the computer explosion of the 1990 's . successful computer entrepreneurs have shown that it does n't matter if your computer is a simplified apple , or a loaded ibm pc , you can use it to make more money in your spare time than you ever dreamed was possible . in his book , the third wave , author alvin tomer predicted that the electronic cottage would be the mom and pop business of the future . the """""""" future """""""" has arrived ! increasing numbers of home based businesses have made tomer 's pr ! ! edication a reality . 10 . how to self publish your own book . you can make a lot of money by writing and self-publishing your own material , if you are willing to write the books , manuals , reports or newsletters that millions of people across the united states , and throughout the world for that matter , desperately want to buy . this books shows you how in complete detail . 11 . how to stop smoking forever . we present this book to you to help you quit smoking forever . the first week is the roughest . if you can make it just one week , you will be on your way to be tobacco free for life . being healthy is the main reason to stop smoking . you will die if you continue to smoke . 12 . how to make big $ $ buying and selling real estate . * * here is what you can expect to find in this book . . . table of contents introduction - a word about hud homes - owning a home of your own - how much home can you afford - mortgage payment calculator - there ' s a hud home with your name on it - beginning to make it on your own - different loans for different home buyers - hud brings your up-front costs down - checking it out before you check in - the finish line - questions and answers about hud homes - a word about lead based paint - terms you need to know 13 . how to beat any speeding ticket . * * * * * studies have shown that most traffic infractions are successfully prosecuted but what they do n't tell you is that as many as 95 % of all citations are not even contested in court and that when they are contested by people just like you and me , most are dismissed . this book shows you what to do in order to beat the """""""" rap """""""" . 14 . how to make a living as a musician . we present this manual which includes achievable goals which will lead you on the road to a musical career wherein you could earn a comfortable living . 15 . how to help your children with their homework . * * * * * as the handbook points out we know that children who spend more time on homework , on average , do better in school , and that the academic benefits increase as children move into the upper grades . but the value of homework extends beyond school . we know that good assignments , completed successfully , can help children develop wholesome habits and attitudes . homework can help parents learn about their children 's education and communicate both with their children and the schools . and it can encourage a lifelong love of learning . in addition to helping with homework , there are many other important ways that parents can help their children learn . 16 . growing up drug free . child rearing is one of the most important tasks anyone ever performs , and the one for which there is the least preparation . most of us learn how to be parents through on-the - job training and by following the example that our parents set . today the widespread use of alcohol and other drugs subjects our children , families , and communities to pressures unheard of 30 or 40 years ago . frankly , many of us need help to deal with this frightening threat to our children 's health and well-being . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * what some customers have said about our manuals . . . susan . . . from costa mesa , ca """""""" i can't believe how fun being a mystery shopper is . i make money as well as have fun doing my favorite pastime . i wish i knew about this information sooner . thank you . """""""" jack . . . from florida """""""" thanks for the tips on saving money in real estate taxes . the information in this book helped me save significant money last year . if only i had these tips 6 years ago . i would be $ 48 , 000 ahead . we saved almost $ 7 , 000 this year . thanks a million . """""""" kate . . . from oklahoma i am a student with a journalism major . i used your book about self publishing and applied it to some pamphlets i made up . i am now selling them and making enough money to get through school . thank you very much . brian . . . from kansas """""""" this book is exactly what i have been looking for . it shows me step-by - step how to make money with my computer . i am having so much fun now in my spare time when i get home from work . i now get two paychecks and have only one job . last month i made $ 3455 . 00 by using your information . i have exceeded that this month and we still have 8 days left . """""""" margeret . . . from texas """""""" thank you for the information on helping childen with their homework . i never realized how much more there was to it than just helping them with 2 + 2 = 4 or see sam run . your information is a must for any woman concerned with their childrens future . richard . . from california """""""" i just wanted to write back and thank you so much for helping me get out of a speeding ticket . i ordered your book on beating any speeding ticket and followed the plan of attack you had . thanks to you , my ticket was dismissed and i got to keep my license . i reccomend this book to anyone who has ever been cited a ticket . i definatley wil keep this one on my shelf . """""""" cheryl . . . from los angeles , ca mystery shopping is so much fun . i am making money just for shopping and eating out at fine restuarants . i can't believe this type of job ever existed . your book showed me who to contact and how to do everything i needed . this book was my best ever investment . thank you . """""""" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * if you hate having to wait """""""" 6 to 8 weeks for delivery """""""" when your order something , then you will be happy to know your manual or book will be emailed directly to you within 24 hours of receipt of payment . these """""""" how to . . """""""" manuals come in 3 different formats to better suit your viewing needs . formats are as follows : rich text format ( xxxxxxx . rtf ) text ( xxxxxxx . txt ) word2 ( xxxxxxx . doc ) the following programs and / or applications will read these files . microsoft word v2 . 0 , v6 . 0 , v7 . 0 or word 97 . wordperfect for windows v5 . 1 , v6 . 0 , v7 . 0 wordpad for windows95 microsoft works v3 . 0 , v4 . 0 to order our informational """""""" how to . . """""""" books and manuals , simply fill out the order form from this products menu and mail it to our office today . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ez order form all orders will be sent via e-mail within 24 hours of receipt of payment . ordering options * mail * include a check or money order for the correct amount . * make a check payable to : blake roberson > > > make sure you put your e-mail address on the order form . * mail to : americana enterprizes p . o . box 184 thompsons station , tn 37179 * all funds are to be in usa currency . * print out and complete the following form . * again make all checks payable to : blake roberson thank you for your order . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * americana enterprizes order form * * * * * * you must complete the entire order form or your order cannot be processed . * when mailing , print and enclose with your check . e-mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * please make any inquories about questionable symbols in your e - mail address such as lower case l 's , capital i 's , and various things like ( ` ' , . ) format : ( circle one ) richtext ( manual . rtf ) text ( manual . txt ) word2 ( manual . doc ) topic # : ( circle as many as you wish , refer to list above ) 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 . 15 . 16 . cost : - each : $ 10 . 00 - complete volume : ( regularly $ 160 ) > > > > $ 100 . 00 best value - sales tax has already been added for your convenience . * enclosed is a check or money order for $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ thank you again . . . . . . .
  """",1
  14,""""Subject: internet - finance / top - earnings / top - investments
   
   special : work from home , sell successfully and earn a tax - free brand-new mercedes convertible details at bottom of page * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * you can earn more than 12 % p . a . with private investments , - affordable for everybody , minimum amounts start with us $ 500 no bullshit ! no mlm - schemes ! all investment offers are fully collateralized ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * are you looking for funds to expand your business ? private placements are the solution ! contact us for more details ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * do you want to receive free insider information about : - nigeria connection - trading with bank guarantees - fraudulent finance brokers if yes send a fax with your email address to 00333-87902188 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * special : = = = = = = = the person who negotiates successfully the sale of an old 34 years old company with real estate in switzerland valued with us $ 2 . 000 . 000 ( sales price us $ 1 . 200 . 000 ) will be rewarded with 10 % commission on sales price and a brand-new mercedes convertible ( shipped without any cost for you to any destination worldwide ) . the company is ideal for rich individuals who : - want to establish a base in europe - move funds to the safest place on world . - develop appartment blocks . apply by fax to 00333-87902188 to receive extensive coloured sales prospectus .
  """",1
  15,""""Subject: the right tools - valuable resources !
   
   the rumors are true ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * it 's true ! you can make a lot of * money * marketing on the web ! with the potential to reach millions , the internet is a dream come true - - for those that have the tools and know how to use them . that is why i want to tell you about online success . online success is an outstanding internet marketing resource center that will provide you with the tools and the training necessary to cash in on huge profits . plus , they will support you every step of the way with their staff of highly experienced internet marketers . > > get the tools you need . . . > > get the training you need . . . > > get the support you need . . . > > learn the inside secrets . . . . . to establish your own highly profitable online marketplace . and all this can be yours for free ! in fact , online success will even pay you to take advantage of these incredible resources . what ? ! ! ( no , i ' m not kidding ! ) karen flowers ref # 109 http : / / 209 . 84 . 246 . 175 / osg / 109 """""""" yes it is possible to make money on the net ! """"""""
  """",1
  16,""""Subject: 50 % or better returns .
   
   federally mandated , electric deregulation , allows for huge savings for consumers and huge profits for investors . profit from the break up of america 's largest monopoly . electricity deregulation ! the utility industry is 2 1 / 2 times the size of the telecommunications industry and proves to be at least 2 1 / 2 times the opportunity . """""""" usa today ( magazine ) , nov . 1997 v126n2630p14 rep . schaefer ( r . - colo . ) chairman of the house energy and power subcommittee as an owner of an electric company you could realize a potential annual return of 50 to 100 % on your investment . every time someone turns on the lights , you profit ! ! there are a very limited number of openings for partners still available in this ira approved program that should give you and your family the opportunity for an easy retirement . learn how this investment of several thousand dollars could grow to 30-40 - 50 thousand dollars or more in the next few years and provide you with an income for life . yes , ira qualified ! this is a genuine business , with real agreements . this is not multi level marketing and there is no selling involved . you are being offered an opportunity to invest and reap the rewards by participating in the potential profits of an electric company . begin your future today ! ! ! call us at 1-800 - 444-1050 for a free , no cost , no obligation video presentation and information package that contains the complete details of our outstanding opportunity .
  """",1
  17,""""Subject: """""""" life without debt """"""""
   
   pardon the intrusion . no offence is meant . if you are not interested , simply ignore and delete this message . hello , i honestly believe that this is the lifeline which is guaranteed to pull you out of debt . i am throwing it out to you , please grab it . i have a simple , inexpensive solution for your debt problem . if you do not have one , then this program will enable you to obtain and secure financial freedom . it is a nobrainer compound leveraging educational program entitled , """""""" life without debt . """""""" the best part of the system is that it costs $ 5 . 00 to begin . a few weeks ago i responded to a letter just like this one and sent $ 5 . 00 to start the registration process . you will be shown how to : + + + + + compound $ 5 . 00 weekly into $ 780 . 00 weekly . + + + + + convert $ 25 . 00 weekly to $ 3 , 900 . 00 weekly . + + + + + later achieve complete financial independence by participating in the main plans which can net you $ 293 , 000 . + + + + + take control of your finances especially , mortgage notes and credit card debt . this is a solid , 9 - year old debt free company with an established customer base of over 75 , 000 . you will received detailed information by joining us on our conference call on : tuesday nights at 7 . 00 pm ( cst ) telephone number : 916-689 - 2868 . your peace of mind is worth more than $ 5 . 00 get started today . print out this letter , complete the form and return the entire letter with $ 5 . 00 ( cash only ) to : computer center po box 1511 grapevine , texas 76051 note : members residing outside of usa , must send $ 10 . 00 mailer 's id : 021 05 4698 1 your name - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - address - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - city - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - state - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - zip - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - phone number - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",1
  18,""""Subject: just released ! 10 million ! ! !
   
   it was just released ! ! introducing . . . millions vol . 1a we took a total of over 92 million email addresses from many of the touted cd 's that are out there ( bought them all - some were $ 300 + ) ! we added the millions we had in storage to those . when we combined them all , we had in excess of 100 + million addresses in one huge file . we then ran a super """""""" sort / de-dupe """""""" program against this huge list . it cut the file down to less than 25 million ! ! ! can you believe that ? it seems that most people that are selling cd 's are duping the public by putting numerous files of addresses in the cd over and over . this created many duplicate addresses . they also had many program """""""" generated """""""" email addresses like compuserve , mci , anon 's , etc . this causes a tremendous amount of undeliverables , and for those that use stealth programs , clogs up servers quickly with trash , etc . we then ran a program that contained 1800 + keywords to remove addresses with vulgarity , profanity , sex-related names , postmaster , webmaster , flamer , abuse , spam , etc . , etc . also eliminated all . edu , . mil , . org , . gov , etc . after that list was run against the remaining list , it reduced it down to near 10 million addresses ! so , you see , our list will save people hundreds of dollars buying all others that are out there on cd and otherwise . using ours will be like using the 100 + million that we started with , but a lot less money and alot less time ! ! we also purchased cyber - promos ( $ 995 . 00 ) cd . we received it just prior to finishing production work on the new cd . we had our people take a random sample of 300 , 000 addresses from the touted 2 . 9 that they advertised . we used a program that allows us to take a random sample of addresses from any list . we were able to have the program take every 9th address , thus giving us a 300 , 000 list of cyber 's email addresses from top to bottom . we cleaned these , and came up with about 100 , 000 addresses . these are also mixed in . we also included a 6 + million """""""" remove / flamer """""""" file broke into seperate files for ease of extracting and adding to your own database of removes . """""""" you can buy from the rest or you can buy from the best . your choice . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ what others are saying : """""""" i received the cd on friday evening . like a kid with a new toy , i immediately started bulking out using the new email addresses . over the course of the weekend , i emailed out over 500 , 000 emails and i received less than twenty undeliverables ! ! i am totally satisfied with my purchase ! ! thanks premier ! ! """""""" dave buckley houston , tx """""""" this list is worth it 's weight in gold ! ! i sent out 100 , 000 emails for my product and received over 55 orders ! ann colby new orleans , la * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * here ' s the bottom line here is what you get when you order today ! > > 10 million email addresses . . . 1 per line in simple text format on a cd . files are in lots of 5 , 000 ( no codes needed to open files ) . all files are separated by domain name for your convenience . plus you receive a tremendous remove list ! 6 million + > > > now only $ 150 . 00 ! this price is effective for the next seven days , thereafter the price will be $ 199 . 00 so order now ! all lists are completely free of any duplicates . we also on a continual basis , add new names and remove undeliverables and remove requests . the result is the cleanest email addresses available anywhere to use over and over again , for a fraction of the cost that other companies charge . typical rates for acquiring email lists are from 1 cent to as high as 3 cents per email address - that 's """""""" information highway """""""" robbery ! . * * * added bonus * * * all our customers will have access to our updates on the cd volume they purchase . that 's right , we continually work on our cd . who knows when those other cds were made . we ' re constantly adding and deleting addresses , removes . etc . it all comes back to quality . no one else offers that ! do n't even hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most effective way to market anywhere . . . period ! if you have any further questions or to place an order by phone , please do not hesitate to call us at : 800-600 - 0343 ext . 2693 to order our email package , simply print out the ez order form below and fax or mail it to our office today . we accept visa , mastercard , amex , checks by fax . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ez order form _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to order millions vol . 1a email addresses for only $ 150 . 00 . * please select one of the following for shipping . . _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package overnight . i ' m including $ 15 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package 2 day delivery . i ' m including $ 10 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ type of credit card : _ _ _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ _ _ mastercard credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amount $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( required ) signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you may fax your order to us at : 1-212 - 504-8192 check by fax services ! if you would like to fax a check , paste your check below and fax it to our office along with all forms to : 1-212 - 504-8192 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 24 hour fax services * * * please paste your check here and fax it to us at 1-212 - 504-8192 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from your original check . all checks will be held for bank clearance . ( 7-10 days ) make payable to : """""""" gd publishing """"""""
  """",1
  19,""""Subject: troubling credit history ? let us help brighten up your future !
   
   have you ever been treated bad or embarrased because your credit report says that you are a bad credit risk ? have you ever been refused a major credit card or loan , and were unable to make a major purchase due to your poor credit history ? let pacific enterprises help guide you to : experience the power of good credit ! get the new car you want ! get the credit cards you deserve ! get the new home of your dreams ! take that special vacation you always dreamed of ! do n't pay a """""""" credit repair specialist """""""" $ 300 to $ 2000 for questionable results , because they do n't have all the information . with the proper instruction and a little help from us you can clean your credit yourself . our credit repair guide will teach you the secrets the credit bureaus do n't want you to know ! pacific enterprises repair guide , will include : - the information needed to obtain the 3 major credit agencies reports ! - the legal solution and the laws governing credit agencies ! - sample letters that lawyers charge $ 100 's to do for you ! - information on how to deal with creditors and collectors ! and for limited time , an added bonus of information on : - how to save money for your child 's future ! - a complete detailed budget worksheet , and financial strategies to help you gain better control of your situation ! - how to save money on grocery shopping and many other money saving tips ! we at pacific enterprises have been helping people just like you with credit solutions for years ! pacific enterprises has a proven track record and our representatives have over 5 years of experience in financial consulting . the time for you to gain control of your situation is now ! ! ! to order pacific enterprises repair guide , please send $ 25 . 00 , check or money order to : ( please allow 10 days for checks to clear ) pacific enterprises 475 college blvd ste 6-201 oceanside ca 92057 name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ number of guides requested _ _ _ _ _ _ x 25 = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total if you have any questions after receiving your information , please contact us at pacificenter1 @ juno . com thank you , and we wish you all the best in life ! pacific enterprises % es
  """",1
  20,""""Subject: get rid of your debt now ! ! ! what if ? ?
   
   there was a way to : pay off a 30 year mortgage in much less time pay off all your credit card debt pay off all your debts without a bankruptcy pay off student loans pay off business loans pay off judgments pay off child support pay off irs liens pay off property tax liens pay rents and leases pay off phone , utility , etc . , bills well , there is ! we ' ll pay your debts for you , up to $ 100 , 000 , and you do n't have to pay us back , ever ! i realize that this may sound unrealistic , or """""""" too good to be true , """""""" but its very simple and straightforward , and in the time it takes you to fax some information and have a 10 minute phone conversation , you will discover how we can do this , without ever having to pay us back ! here 's what you need to do : complete the following form , then fax it to ( 425 ) 235-2206 , together with an address verification ( driver 's license , utility bill , deposit slip , etc . ) a debt management specialist will call you after receiving this information and explain this program . please cut at the dotted line and fax the lower portion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - you are invited to join the debt management club by sam t member # 2170 the undersigned hereby agrees not to disclose any information given to him / her regarding the debt management club to anyone , and further agrees not to compete with the dmc in the u . s . a . , or anywhere in the world . name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you are invited to join the debt management club by sam t member # 2170 ( do n't forget to attach a valid form of address verification before you fax this form to 425-235 - 2206 . ) debt management club 5318 laurel canyon blvd . , # 104 valley village , ca 91607 ph : 818-763 - 1000 , ext . 2101 fax : 818-769 - 7358
  """",1
  21,""""Subject: 
   
   authenticated sender is subject : ( + ( + bull _ s * eye * targeting * software + ) + ) mime - version : 1 . 0 content - type : text / plain ; charset = """""""" us-ascii """""""" content - transfer - encoding : 7bit email marketing works ! ! bull 's eye gold is the premier email address collection tool . this program allows you to develop targeted lists of email addresses . doctors , florists , mlm , biz opp , . . . you can collect anything . . . you are only limited by your imagination ! you can even collect email addresses for specific states , cities , and even countries ! all you need is your web browser and this program . our software utilizes the latest in search technology called """""""" spidering """""""" . by simply feeding the spider program a starting website it will collect for hours . the spider will go from website to targeted website providing you with thousands upon thousands of fresh targeted email addresses . when you are done collecting , the spider removes duplicates and saves the email list in a ready to send format . no longer is it necessary to send millions of ads to get a handful of responses . . . send less . . . earn more ! ! ! a terrific aspect of the bull 's eye software is that there is no difficult set up involved and no special technical mumbo-jumbo to learn . all you need to know is how to search for your targeted market in one of the many search engines and let the spider do the rest ! not familiar with the search engines ? no problem , we provide you with a list of all the top search engines . just surf to the location of a search engine on your browser then search for the market you wish to reach . . . it 's that easy ! for instance if you were looking for email addresses of doctors in new york all you would do is : 1 ) do a search using your favorite search engine by typing in the words doctor ( s ) and new york 2 ) copy the url ( one or more ) . . . that 's the stuff after the http : / / . . . for instance it might look like http : / / www . yahoo . com / ? doctor ( s ) / ? new + york 3 ) press the start button that 's it ! ! ! the bull 's eye spider will go to all the websites that are linked , automatically extracting the email addresses you want . the spider is passive too ! that means you can let it run all day or all night while you are working on important things or just having fun on your computer . there is no need to keep a constant watch on it , just feed it your target market and give it praise when it delivers thousands of email addresses at the end of the day ! features of the bull 's eye software : * does targeted searches of websites collecting the email addresses you want ! * collects email addresses by city , state , even specific countries * runs automatically . . . simply enter the starting information , press the start button , and it does the rest * filters out duplicates * keeps track of urls already visited * can run 24 hours per day , 7 days per week * fast and easy list management * also has built in filtering options . . . you can put in words that it """""""" must """""""" have while searching , . . . you can even put in criteria that it """""""" must not have """""""" . . . giving you added flexibility * also imports email addresses from any kind of files ( text files , binary files , database files ) * list editor handles multiple files to work on many lists simultaneously * has a black - book feature . . . avoid sending emails to people who do not want to receive it * built - in mail program . . . send email directly on the internet with just a click of your mouse * personalized emails . . . if the email address has the user 's name when it is collected , . . you can send personalized emails ! ! ! * sort by location , server , user name , contact name * advanced operations : email address lists export in many different formats ( html , comma delimited , text file ) advanced editing . . . transfer , copy , addition , delete , crop , move to top / bottom operations between lists . . . union , subtraction , comparison * program is passive , . . . meaning you can run other programs at the same time call for more information 213-980 - 7850 call for more information 213-980 - 7850 ordering information customer name company name address city state zip phone fax email address _ _ _ _ _ _ bull ' s eye software $ 259 . 00 includes software , instructions , technical support _ _ _ _ _ _ shipping & handling ( 2 - 3 day fedex ) $ 10 . 00 ( fedex overnite ) $ 20 . 00 _ _ _ _ _ _ total ( ca residents add applicable sales tax ) * all orders are for win 95 and win nt * * * * * credit cards accepted * * * * * mastercard visa amex please call 213-980 - 7850 to process your order 9am - 5pm pacific time checks or money orders send to : bull 's eye software inc . 5670 wilshire blvd . suite 2170 los angeles , ca 90036 please note : allow 5 business days for all checks to clear before order is shipped . * if you would like your email address removed , please write us at the above address .
  """",1
  22,""""Subject: hey
   
   hey , i ' ll just get to the point . i have a web site that has free trials to the 10 best xxx sites on the web . if you want one then . . . click here . if not , than i am sorry for this e-mail . : )
  """",1
  23,""""Subject: do you like saltwater aquariums ?
   
   horizon publishing would like to invite you to the saltwater aquarium hobbyist 's website , featuring a fish dictionary , nationwide shop listings , manufacturer 's phone numbers and links and product reviews . go to http : / / www . captivesea . com thanks
  """",1
  24,""""Subject: < f * r * e * e > the b * e * s * t of teen hardcore ! < f * r * e * e >
   
   this is a multi-part message in mime format . - - part0 _ 901078729 _ boundary content - id : content - type : text / plain ; charset = us-ascii - - part0 _ 901078729 _ boundary content - id : content - type : message / rfc822 content - transfer-encoding : 7bit content - disposition : inline from : sdrack81 @ aol . com return - path : to : sdrack81 @ aol . com subject : the b * e * s * t of teen hardcore ! date : tue , 21 jul 1998 23 : 35 : 03 edt mime - version : 1 . 0 content - type : text / plain ; charset = us-ascii content - transfer-encoding : 7bit the best porn site on the net ! serving you over 650 , 000 pics ! 10 , 000 video clips ! and a free 60 min porno ! click any of the topics below to be sent directly to the page ! [ free live strip shows ] - here we will put on the best totally nude strip shows for you completely f * r * e * e of charge ! ! href = """""""" http : / / www . teenhardcore . com / cgi-win / click - [ amateur ] - some of the best amateurporn around ! href = """""""" http : / / www . teenhardcore . com / cgi-win / click - [ hardcore ] - if you like rough , you hafta check this out ! href = """""""" http : / / www . teenhardcore . com / cgi-win / click - [ teen / pre - teen ] - 100 % legit , total exposure ! href = """""""" http : / / www . teenhardcore . com / cgi-win / click - [ lesbian / gay ] - tons of lesbian and gay porno action ! href = """""""" http : / / www . teenhardcore . com / cgi-win / click - [ celebs ] - the full stockload of real celebs showin ya what they ' re good at ! ( brad pitt , leanardo dicaprio , brook shields ) plus more more more ! ! ! ! href = """""""" http : / / www . teenhardcore . com / cgi-win / click - [ toon ] - everyone loves these ! full toon action ! ( roger rabit , bugs and babs bunny , south park , and much more ! ) [ top secret ] - these pics are highly top secret . these pics are illegal and i hold no responsibility to what extent you use these . xxx href = """""""" http : / / www . teenhardcore . com / cgi-win / click - [ black / asian ] - the best of the black and asian porn ! and tons more ! porn porn porn ! ! ! please read below first , very important ! no information required whatsoever ! no credit cards ! no 900 billing ! no age check ! no catches ! no memberships ! just free xxx with no hastle ! special bonus ! ! ! ! visit each of the links on this site within 48 hours of reading this letter and receive free access forever ! ! you will receive your password via email within days and won't be asked any information whatsoever ! but only for a limited time . . . note : this site is constantly changing , so come back often ! if you receive this email again , or a similiar one , do not ignore it , the site may very well be totally different with completely different links ! this mail was not spammed , it was targeted at people 18-25 . however , errors sometimes occur , so if this does not fit you , please forgive us and do not get angry . thank you . - - part0 _ 901078729 _ boundary - -
  """",1
  25,""""Subject: see if this doesn ' t interest you . . . .
   
   read the 1st paragraph ! if you are convinced that this is not for you , then delete it . my bet is that you will be intrigued enough to finish reading it before you make your decision . financial success brochure dear fellow advertiser : my name is tim brody and i make a living selling a recipe for potato cheese pierogies . this is all i do , and i earn in excess of $ 100 , 000 each year . incredible you say ? now , i am revealing my secret to you . incredible , you say ? it is completely legal and , you too , can be well on your way to earning $ 100 , 000 per year by selling your product , plans , recipe or information through the mail . before i reveal my plan to you , let me tell you a little about myself . five years ago , i placed a classified ad in a food magazine to earn a little extra money . my response was 11 orders and 43 """""""" get rich quick """""""" schemes . now , please don t laugh , over the next three years i tried all of those """""""" get rich quick """""""" schemes . some actually met with success while many met with complete failure . with each try , i learned something new about marketing my product . finally , this plan came together and in the first 3 months , i made over $ 25 , 000 . after i tried it again , i earned $ 35 , 000 and it became clear to me that i was on my way to financial freedom . now please , this story is not merely to brag . i want you to realize the hard work , persistence and expense that went in to making this program a success . it is also my way of teaching others the problems of many marketing plans , and , hopefully , they will be able to avoid many of my own mistakes and expenses . this program is not for everyone . if you are planning to make a million dollars or to compete with your fellow participants , then this plan is not for you . however , if earning $ 100 , 000 a year in a stress-free program interests you , please read on , you are among the sincere people needed to make this program a success . maybe you have participated in some of those """""""" get rich quick """""""" programs before . you probably were dissatisfied with your response rate from the classifieds or mailings ? were you expecting to receive additional income but didn t even receive enough responses to pay for the ad or the stamps ? if you are like others , the answer is yes ! please do not give up hope just yet . there is a way to make money and have fun , as well as fine tune your culinary taste . join a network of buyers and sellers with similar goals for no additional costs . the process is called multi - level marketing and it is not illegal . ( see section 18 , title 1301 , 1302 & 1342 of the us postal and lottery code . ) it is a modified plan similar to that of companies such as tupperware and mary kay . best of all , it can earn advertisers like ourselves , thousands in a few months . what exactly is multi-level marketing ( mlm ) ? mlm requires that you send letters to fellow advertisers ( we will help you with the addresses ) asking that they buy your product with the understanding that once they do , they will be included as a member of your program . ( just as tupperware or avon requests salespeople to buy their products to """""""" show """""""" to their customers . ) the letter you send always has your name on it along with 2 - 8 advertisers . it is based on this premise : ( assuming a 3 member list and a 100 % response ) level # 1 - you send out 20 letters with your name in the # 1 position . 20 people reply . level # 2 - those 20 replies send out letters with your name in the # 2 position . 400 people reply level # 3 - those 400 replies send out letters with your name in the # 3 position . 8000 people reply . you receive a total of 8 , 420 replies and are unable to receive more , because once your name reaches the bottom of any list , it is eliminated and replaced by new members . if you asked for $ 10 for your product , you earn $ 84 , 000 . of course a 100 % response rate is unrealistic , instead expect between $ 35 , 000 and $ 60 , 000 . now , before you decide that this is the dumbest thing you have ever heard of and decide to throw this away , please look at the statistic : 91 % of all classified advertisers join one or more of these programs . why ? because they are sincere in wanting to make money ! otherwise , they would not have advertised in the beginning . knowing this fact , i know that you would like to read on . by now , you have received many letters of this type . this alone should prove that these programs are working . do me a favor , save this and all of the other letters . when you have the time , sit down and compare all the programs . your financial success depends on your making the best choice . if you are like most newcomers , your first instinct is to join the program that offers the most money or offers the cheapest price per product . before you do this , i ask that you think and answer the following questions about each program : 1 . how many participants are on the list ? the more names there are , the more responses you will need . an average 8 person list requires 1 , 500 , 000 responses before obtaining $ 100 , 000 for each participant . a 3 member list needs 3 , 500 responses . 2 . how much do i receive per product ? if you join a $ 2 . 00 plan , know beforehand that you will need 5 times the amount of replies as a $ 10 . 00 program . the $ 2 . 00 plan will also take 6 months longer for you to receive big money , obviously because you need more responses . 3 . do the words cheat-proof and monitored appear on the plan ? if the program is based on honesty and integrity alone , it will fail . face it , when it comes to money , very few people can be honest . cheat - proof means that there is a way to insure that every member gets paid . whereas monitored means that members are watching to make certain that the list never gets altered . this can be done ! also know that you are receiving many $ 2 . 00 plans , not because they are popular , but because the members must keep resending information to meet their goals . . . only 6 % of all advertisers join $ 2 . 00 programs . you probably have received only a few $ 5 and $ 10 programs . these plans work ! there is no need to send hundreds of letters and monitoring is effective . 4 . how much money do i want to earn , and how much is my initial investment ? if you want to earn $ 50 , 000 for example , know that you need 25 , 000 $ 2 . 00 responses . when you figure your investment , make sure it includes printing and stamps . if a plan will not accept checks , it is not legitimate . finally , narrow your choices and choose the best program to suit your needs . hopefully , you will see that , like 76 % of us , this one is the best choice . our program this is a cheat-proof 3 - level plan . we pay $ 10 for the product of each member on the list . you will only be required to send out 20 letters ( how to get names is supplied ) and your total investment is $ 40 ( including postage and printing ) . you only need 4 replies throughout the entire program and you ve lost nothing ! plus , we offer a bonus plan in which you can earn $ 20 , 000 more with no extra effort ! your earnings are based on the 3 - step plan outlined in the prior page . if we receive a 100 % response rate , we can all earn $ 84 , 000 ! of course , a 100 % participation again , is unrealistic . members are reporting $ 35 , 000 - $ 60 , 000 within 2 months ( without the bonus plan ) . how do i join ? on the bottom of this page , write your name , address and product , as you want it to appear on this mailer . please print clearly . make 3 copies of the following information that includes 1 ) other participants , 2 ) your name , address and product and 3 ) the control number . wrap a $ 10 check , money order or cash inside of each copy and send one to each of the following people with a self-addressed , stamped envelope . keep the original for your tax records ; it is a legitimate business expense . do not cheat by sending out only one payment . only 1 of the 3 has the required information you will need to proceed . within days , you will receive your products , instructions and this mailer with your name listed as one of the three participants . you will then send out 20 of these mailers to others . within a week , you will begin to receive your money , and within 4 weeks you will have earned over $ 25 , 000 ! it s that easy ! join today ! 1 . j . dolbow 2089 waterbury se kentwood , mi 49508 ( sweetish no - names ) 2 . l . shock 7438 sawmill rd . # 458 columbus , oh 43235 ( amy s famous chicken ) 3 . s . butler po box 770074 coral springs , fl 33077-0074 ( delicious potato salad ) your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your product _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ control number 187329 * your total cost for this program is $ 40 . 00 ( $ 30 . 00 to members , $ 3 printing , $ 7 stamps ) . there are no other fees . * canadian residents ask that you please remember to use 2 first class stamps when mailing to them . believe me , the extra stamps are worth it . they are some of our best participants ! * if paying by check , please allow 7 additional days to allow the check to clear . important information to ensure that you keep this legal and honest , be sure to file schedule c profit or loss from business with your income tax return . report all income you receive and deduct all business related expenses . these tax deductible business expenses can include vehicle ownership ( in your company s name ) , expenses , travel and entertainment , business equipment , purchases for your business , supplies , telephone , postage , advertising costs , rent , wages ( other than your own ) , legal and professional services , and business taxes . these can be legally deducted if they are related to your business . ( consult your tax professional for details ) . because you are buying and selling products and services , and reporting your income for tax purposes , this type of direct marketing / ordering is not in the chain letter category . if no product or service is sold , then it does become a chain letter and is in violation of the law . note : after joining , if you would like a new laser camera ready copy of these pages , with your name , address and control number in the proper place , send a copy of this brochure and $ 5 . 00 towards our costs of doing this to : d r enterprises , 2089 waterbury se , kentwood , mi 49508 . we will send them to you flat , not folded .
  """",1
  26,""""Subject: 30 , 000 , 000 email addresses . . .
   
   just released . . . 30 , 000 , 000 email addresses ! plus 12 bonuses . . . including free stealth 3 . 0 bulk email software ( $ 399 . 00 value ) these addresses are less than 21 days old . earn insane profits with the right formula if you have a product , service , or message that you would like to get out to thousands , hundreds of thousands , or even millions of people , you have several options . traditional methods include print advertising , direct mail , radio , and television advertising . they are all effective , but they all have two catches : they ' re expensive and time consuming . not only that , you only get one shot at making your message heard , by the right people . the internet , the """""""" global communications frontier """""""" has changed this dramatically , including making countless individuals wealthy . """""""" electronic marketing , """""""" as it 's commonly referred to , has effectively leveled the playing fields of all types businesses . internet marketing group has been in the online marketing business for over 5 years . we can help make your goals come true . we have helped many individuals succeed in marketing their product effectively . it 's very simple to do . in fact soon you will have the problem of what to do with all the cash you will make from sending out bulk email . here is just one of many true success stories we have seen . . . we did a mailing of 1 1 / 2 million emails for one of our customers . he was selling a home workers manual for $ 29 . 95 . his results are very typical and scary . he took in over 700 orders ! 700 x $ 29 . 95 = $ 20 , 000 . this gentleman was so amazed , that after being skeptical , it had really happened to him , he made it , he found a niche . that niche was email ! he went on to buy our full list and will be set for life in less than six months time . all this from selling a simple manual via e . mail . that was just one of the many success stories we hear everyday . it may all sound to good to be true . well , we can tell you this . it really does work . why else are so many individuals doing it ? they are not just wasting their time . they are all making mega bucks . do n't even hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most effective way to market anywhere . . period ! here ' s the bottom line and what we can do for you here is what you get when you order today ! > > 30 million email addresses . . . 1 per line in simple text format on a cd . multiple files of 250 , 000 or greater ( no codes needed to open files ) . you will receive email addresses of the following domains . . . aol , prodigy , compuserve , delphi , genie , juno , pipeline , interamp , msn , mci , and 5 million other mixed email addresses ( . com , . net ) . all names listed above are seperated in files by domain name for your convenience . plus these bonus specials . . . > > 2 free bulk email programs . . . pegasus and eudora . you will be able to load our names into these 2 distribution list software 's ( which will create distribution lists saving you hours of work ) for immediate , around the clock launching ! you can whip out as many distribution lists as you like , and depending on the speed of your modem and the length of your message , you will be able to send out around 10 , 000 to 30 , 000 messages per hour for free . > > """""""" stealth mass mailer """""""" bulk email . this is the most popular bulk emailer in the world . this is the full working verion of the program . this product sends over 250 , 000 per hour . ( value $ 399 . 00 ) > > setup instructions and tips for stealth mass mailer . > > free check by fax software ! ( $ 299 . 00 value ) > > where to get a free web page . > > super note pad . . . this software will help manage your large text files for you . > > winzip self extractor . . . this program will be needed when de-compressing a compressed file . it will come in handy when dealing with files of zip format . > > over 5 , 000 places to advertise for free ! > > """""""" profits 2500 series """""""" . . . 7 manuals that will teach you how to market on the internet and what offers work and which ones to stay clear of . also we will show you where to find web designers for free and much , much more . you get everything for only $ 199 . 00 > > > special bonus . . . if you order within 24 hours you can deduct $ 50 . 00 from the listed price . limited time only ! we have previously sold the seven manuals alone for over $ 400 . now you can have the complete package for the low price of only $ 149 . 00 do n't even hesitate on this one . . reserve yours today ! all lists are completely free of any duplicates . we also on a continual basis , add new names and remove undeliverables and remove requests . the result is the cleanest email addresses available anywhere to use over and over again , for a fraction of the cost that other companies charge . typical rates for acquiring email lists are from 1 cent to as high as 3 cents per email address - that 's """""""" information highway """""""" robbery ! . how do i protect my e . mail address ? 1st of all , send your e . mail with the stealth mass mailer . this program will protect your email address while sending your e . mail at speeds of up to 250 , 000 messages per hour ( 28 . 8 connection ) . 2nd , collect your inquiries and remove requests via autoresponders . using autoresponders , you do n't even have to read the flames . just move them to your remove list and forget about them ! start earning mega money and get started now ! to order our email package , simply print out the ez order form below and call us anytime . we accept visa , mastercard , american express , personal check or money order . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ez order form call our 24 hour order line at : 1-561 - 697-0657 ( orders only ) we will deduct an additional $ 5 . 00 for all phone orders . _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to order your 30 , 000 , 000 email addresses plus all the bonuses for only $ 199 . 00 _ _ _ _ _ i am ordering within 24 hours ! please deduct $ 50 . 00 from the price making the total only $ 149 . 00 * please select one of the following for shipping . _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package overnight . i ' m including $ 12 for shipping . _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package proirity delivery . i ' m including $ 4 for shipping . _ _ _ _ please add $ 10 . 00 for all orders from outside the u . s . date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ type of credit card : _ _ _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ _ _ mastercard _ _ _ _ american express credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amount $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - best of luck ! ! we apologize if this e . mail was sent to you in error . to be permanently removed from all mailing lists simply go to http : / / www . remove-list . com thank you ! thank you ! m
  """",1
  27,""""Subject: really cool but very hot videos !
   
   attention ! warning ! adults only ! warning ! adults only ! if you are under 21 years of age , or not interested in sexually explicit material . . . please hit your keyboard delete button now and please excuse the intrusion . to remove your name from our mailing list , send us email with remove in the subject line . you need not read any further ! available now for only $ 9 . 95 ! next 10 days only ! world record sex ! be there ! see it now on video ! unbelievable . . . but true ! you won't believe your eyes ! ! ! [ as seen on the howard stern show ] """""""" the world 's biggest gang bang """""""" see sexy annabel chong as she sets the world gang bang record in this fantastic video documentary that chronicles her 24 hour sexathon with 251 men engaging in sexual intercourse and oral sex with her ! do n't worry , you won't have to stay up 24 hours to watch it all . we ' ve selected only the most exciting and red hot scenes for you . . . all in breathtaking living color with plenty of extreme close-ups ! this video is guaranteed to knock your socks off and leave you breathless ! you ' ve never seen anything like it ! annabel takes on five men at a time ! 90 minutes ! order today ! only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] . """""""" gang bang ii """""""" the record breaker ! ! ! starring jasmin st . claire ! see beautiful and voluptious jasmin st . claire shatter annabel 's gang bang record by taking on 300 men in one 24 hour sex session ! you won't believe your eyes at all the hot firey action that you will see as the new world record is established before your eyes as jasmin takes on five men at a time for sexual intercourse and oral sex ! your friends will break down your door to see this video ! you ' ll be the most popular guy in town ! the action is truly unreal and you will see the best of it in living life-like color ! order today and see jasmin break the record ! 90 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] . also available . . . the uncensored authentic underground . . . pamela anderson lee & tommy lee sex video tape ! everyone is talking about this exciting video ! see pam and tommy engaging in sexual intercourse and oral sex in the car , on the boat and much , much more ! a real collectors video ! 30 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] """""""" tonya harding wedding night sex video """""""" now see the beautiful ice skating shame of the olympics tonya harding engaging in sexual intercourse and oral sex on her wedding night with husband jeff gillooly ! this """""""" bad girl """""""" is hot ! do n't miss this video ! 30 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] """""""" traci . . . i love you """""""" starring traci lords now see the most beautiful and popular porn star in her last adult video before she hit the big time ! it 's the blockbuster of the year . . . sensual . . . fiery and exposive ! traci lords in her most erotic and controversial film ever ! do n't miss it ! 90 minutes . only $ 9 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling [ total $ 12 . 95 ] email special ! order any four videos and get the fifth one free ! ! ! your order will be shipped via first class mail . all shipments in plain unmarked wrapper . for priority mail - add $ 5 for overnight express - add $ 15 you can order by phone , fax , mail or email . we accept all major credit cards and checks by phone or fax . visa - mastercard - american express - discover 10 day money back guarantee ! we know that you will be pleased with these videos ! to email your order - do not hit reply on your keyboard send email to our special email address below : fastfacts2 @ juno . com [ note : if you order by email and do not receive an email acknowledgement within 24 hours , please phone our office at 718-287 - 3800 ] phone our office 9am to 10 pm [ eastern time ] [ 718 ] 287-3800 to order by phone for fastest service ! we can accept your credit card or check by phone fax your order 24 hours per day to [ 718 ] 462-5920 you can fax your credit card information or your check order by mail by sending $ 12 . 95 per video , cash , check , money order or major credit card [ visa , mastercard , american express or discover ] to tcps , inc . 4718 18th ave . suite 135 brooklyn , ny 11204 make checks & money orders payable to tcps , inc . new york state residents please add 85 cents for sales tax per video ! you must be over 21 years of age to order and give us your date of birth with your order ! the following order form is for your convenience ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please ship me the following video tape [ s ] ! qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ annabel chong """""""" world 's biggest gang bang """""""" qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """""""" gang bang ii """""""" jasmin st . claire qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """""""" pamela & tommy lee sex video tape """""""" qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """""""" tonya harding wedding night sex video tape """""""" qty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """""""" traci i love you """""""" traci lords at $ 9 . 95 each plus $ 3 . 00 for shipping and handling per tape [ $ 12 . 95 per video or """""""" special $ 51 . 80 for all five """""""" ! credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp date _ _ _ i hereby represent that i am over 21 years of age . my date of birth is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ship to : name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ area code and home phone [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax # [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to remove your name from our mailing list , send us an email with remove in the subject line . this is a one time offer and you should not hear from us again ! foreign orders - add $ 15us if you desire air parcel post shipment . we ship all over the world . by deleting your unwanted e - mail you waste one keystroke , yet by throwing away paper mail you waste our planet ! save the trees and support internet e - mail instead of paper mail ! [ c ] copyright tcps 1998
  """",1
  28,""""Subject: improvements in wound care !
   
   hello , my name is kevin elphick and i am the managing director of nursing innovations which have been manufacturing and supplying a range of innovative wound dressing protectors named ' keep - dri dressings ' to australian hospitals for a period in excess of 8 years . these internationally award winning products are now extensively used in over 70 % of western australian hospitals ( references available upon request ) and we are now looking at supplying to hospitals internationally . however , we have found from experience it is difficult to initially introduce the product to hospitals . once a hospital starts using keep - dri dressings they have always continued to use them . our success is related to the fact that they are quick and easy to apply ( saving staff time ) and they really work . the result is lower infection risk , reduced patient trauma and lower cost for the hospital . for your free sample contact me at my web site http : / / www . angelfire . com / ca2 / nursingone here you will find a full product description , uses and advantages and a link to my email address . i would appreciate any suggestions you might have to help introduce this excellent product into hospitals in your area or comments you have on our product . many thanks in advance . kevin elphick nursing innovations 23 yulema street mullaloo , perth , western australia 6027 618-9487 - 1807 http : / / www . angelfire . com / ca2 / nursingone * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * k
  """",1
  29,""""Subject: 
   
   b a r g a i n a i r f a r e s your 1 - stop travel supplier air , hotels , cars , trains , tours , packages * * * call 1-888 - 5-bargain or 202-898 - 7887 for reservations * * * * * * receive a $ 10 discount by referrering to this email * * * roundtrip international airfares : athens frnkfrt london madrid milan munich nice paris rome vienna atlanta $ 819 $ 750 $ 410 $ 745 $ 778 $ 700 $ 730 $ 699 $ 820 $ 845 boston $ 840 $ 760 $ 410 $ 770 $ 749 $ 675 $ 705 $ 620 $ 799 $ 799 chicago $ 935 $ 808 $ 520 $ 720 $ 829 $ 735 $ 766 $ 720 $ 850 $ 820 cincinati $ 999 $ 799 $ 510 $ 745 $ 850 $ 725 $ 765 $ 700 $ 820 $ 810 new york $ 820 $ 760 $ 360 $ 710 $ 799 $ 675 $ 715 $ 385 $ 730 $ 799 philadelphia $ 800 $ 730 $ 410 $ 670 $ 799 $ 658 $ 711 $ 600 $ 789 $ 699 washington $ 800 $ 750 $ 410 $ 695 $ 788 $ 640 $ 699 $ 620 $ 799 $ 740 discounted fares available from every us city to every city world wide ! ! exclusive domestic fares : washington to losangeles . . . . . $ 289 r / t atlanta to seattle . . . . . . . . . $ 299 r / t newyork to losangeles . . . . . . . . $ 269 r / t philadelphia to denver . . . . . $ 289 r / t hotel exclusives - daily breakfast and taxes all included : vienna $ 59 frankfurt $ 75 london $ 85 prague $ 75 munich $ 79 manchester $ 95 nice $ 75 athens $ 65 budapest $ 69 naples $ 75 amsterdam $ 79 warsaw $ 89 geneva $ 79 paris $ 75 dublin $ 99 brussels $ 79 berlin $ 79 florence $ 79 venice $ 85 zurich $ 85 milan $ 79 lisbon $ 69 barcelona $ 75 madrid $ 75 over 8 , 000 hotels available from economy to 5 star deluxe at tremendous savings * * * call 1-888 - 5-bargain or 202-898 - 7887 for reservations * * * * * * receive a $ 10 discount by referrering to this email * * *
  """",1
  30,""""Subject: advertsing ? its legal ! ! we offer smtp ! ! ! !
   
   great news for advertisers and bulkers ! ! ! ! use our server to send your own mail ! ! ! ! ! never loose your dial up again ! ! ! never relay or steal services again ! ! ! do between 100k to 200k an hour ! ! our bandwidth ! ! $ 250 . 00 month and $ 250 . 00 setup * * we are the only company offering this service today , and we will be here for years to come . just ask our customers ! ! * * only 9 more spots open ! ! ! ! * * express mail server * * special * * only $ 150 . 00 * * call 1-800 - 298-7863 to order your demo today ! ! other mail programs fresh 20 million + email addresses on cd for only $ 90 . 00 get 3 stealth mass mailers with unlock codes for only $ 250 . 00 we also have gold rush for only $ 300 . 00 email adressee extractor for $ 100 . 00 caller id for $ 100 . 00 bulk mate list manager for $ 129 . 00 desk top server 98 for $ 300 . 00 mx lookup for $ 185 . 00 much more bulk friendly web hosting on foreign backbone only $ 150 . 00 a month , 2 page bulk friendly web hosting only $ 100 . 00 month also , call about a great rate of 8 . 9 cents long distance , even with 800 / 888 numbers ! ! 14 . 9 cents a minute calling cards ( not prepaid ) earn money too ! ! ! 800 voice mail with unlimited calls , only $ 60 . 00 a month ! ! ! ! ! please leave information on the item that you are calling about . thank you . need to advertise a product or service ? we can do it for you ! ! if you are already paying someone to do it , then call us and i bet we can beat them . our fees usually start at $ 395 . 00 for 1 . 2 million , we even have lower rates . we can also advertise your products or services ! ! ! ! please call us for rates on this ! ! ! ! ! excellant rates ! ! ! ! worldwide marketing inc , 3807 n oak dr tampa , fl 33611 1-888 - 398-9866 please leave message ! ! ! 7 om
  """",1
  31,""""Subject: free trial membership
   
   the latest in adult technology ! ! ! brand new xxx adult site free trial membership please visit the latest in live video conferencing . 1000 channels of hardcore ! ! live rooms ! ! ! young dancers ! ! ! large picture gallery ! thousands of pictures ! ! come and visit our site for a great experience . http : / / www . sexxxybodies . com # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # this message is sent in compliance of the new e-mail bill : section 301 * # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # * """""""" per section 301 , paragraph ( a ) ( 2 ) ( c ) of s . 1618 , further transmissions to you by the sender of this email may be stopped at no cost to you by sending a reply to this email address with the word """""""" remove """""""" in the subject line . """""""" # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * oa nuko64 @ msn . com
  """",1
  32,""""Subject: market to millions , try for free
   
   this message complies with the proposed united states federal requirements for commercial email bill , s . 1618 section 301 . for additional info see : http : / / thomas . loc . gov / , then search """""""" s . 1618 . es """""""" and go to section 301 . required sender information : networks internet tools , waterford , wi , 534-7409 per section 301 , paragraph ( a ) ( 2 ) ( c ) of s . 1618 , further transmissions to you by the sender of this email may be stopped at no cost to you by replying to this message with the subject """""""" remove """""""" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dear fellow entrepreneur , your recent posting or your presence in certain areas of the web lead me to believe you would be very interested in promoting a product or service on the internet . you will have the need for the proper tools by which to do this . you have at your fingertips the power to reach tens of millions of people . to not take advantage of this would be unwise . the proper software will assist you in taking your online business venture to an unbelievable level of success by targeting and reaching this vast audience . it does not take much to set up your storefront on the internet and you can find a selection of items to help do this at : http : / / net-tools . net you can try out all of the software on an evaluation basis . thank you and good luck with your venture . best regards , sales @ net-tools . net http : / / net-tools . net * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * remove requests * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ` \ | | | / wishing you the best ! ( @ @ ) ooo _ ( _ ) _ ooo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ please pardon the intrusion _ | _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ _ to be removed just reply with the subject : """""""" remove """""""" and you will be permanently removed from any future mailings .
  """",1
  33,""""Subject: lists and software worldwide
   
   order form : all addresses are fresh and cleaned against international remove lists for the best results with the minimum irritation to those who do not wish to recieve unsolicited mail . all discs come with details of web sites for usefull mailing programs and other related products available on the net . many new mailer programs bypass your isp and send mail direct to the recipient so you dont need an expensive """""""" bulk-friendly """""""" isp . disc supplied come with a free mailing program , its not the best but will get you started if you dont have one . prices are quoted in uk pound sterling / us dollars and are fully inclusive of postage and packing 1 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 15 / $ 35 [ ] 2 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 29 / $ 59 [ ] 3 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 42 / $ 80 [ ] 4 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 54 / $ 102 [ ] 5 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 65 / $ 120 [ ] 6 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 75 / $ 137 [ ] 7 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 84 / $ 152 [ ] 8 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 92 / $ 163 [ ] 9 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 99 / $ 178 [ ] cd [ ] . zip files by email [ ] email address lists are sent as text documents on cd or by email as . zip files they can be opened with most word processing packages and imported into most data bases and bulk email software . to order from outside the uk send either cheques in your own currency ( the amount should be calcuated from the prices in us dollars not pound sterling , if you are unsure about how to work out the exchange rates a bank will work it out for you if you ask . you just need to ask them what $ xx dollars is in your currency and send that much ) to order tick the number of addresses you wish to purchase and tick the disc type you wish to receive . then fill out the details below and post your order together with payment ( cheques in your own currency or us dollar travellers cheques only please ) made payable to prophoto to : prophoto mail , po box 447 , doman road , camberley , surrey , england gu15 3xd . your email addresses will be dispatched as soon as your payment has cleared ( normally 5 days ) . name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ post / zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i enclose a cheque to the value of ( enter amount ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ what currency is your payment in ? ( country / currency ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ puchased to date : 1xt
  """",1
  34,""""Subject: credit program """""""" guaranteed credit """"""""
   
   bad credit ? no credit ? bankruptcy ? divorce ? judgements ? student ? no problem sick of credit rejections ? we can help ! ! you can qualify for unsecured major credit cards regardless of you past credit history ! that 's right . . . no security deposit or savings account is required whatsoever ! if you are sick of being denied credit time and time again , let us help ! ! you will obtain the credit you are seeking with our program ! ! get the credit you deserve . . . dont delay fill out a service request form today results in 7-10 days express service is availible for an additional $ 5 . 00 with express service results will be released in 2 - 3 days guaranteed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . creditmatch service request form complete and return this form to : national resource center 291 ridge road suite 78 north arlington , nj 07031 make all checks & money orders payable to : national resource center in the amount of $ 29 . 00 first name : last name : street address : city : state : zip code : telephone number : date of birth how long at this address : are you a u . s . citizen : employer name : annual income : employer phone number : how long at this job : do you have a checking account : savings account : do you have an unsecured credit card now : if yes which bank : have you been denied credit in the last 60 days : have you had any judgements entered against you in the last 6 months : have you ever filed for bankruptcy : if yes date of discharge : how would you rate your credit on a scale of 1-10 10 being excellent : have you ever been convicted of credit fraud : how did you hear of our service national resource center is not responsible for denial of credit due to falsification or innaccuracy of the information provided above . all information will be used to perform the credit match service . the information provided by you will not be used to conduct a credit check . final credit verification and approval will be conducted and given by the banks you are matched with and apply at . you must enclose $ 29 . 00 made payable to national resource center . a $ 25 . 00 charge will be added to your account for all returned checks . if none of the banks we match you with will give you final approval for an unsecured credit card , a full and prompt refund plus 10 % will be refunded . ( provided payment has been made and you ` ve applied to each bank within 30 days of receiving your final results . ) to be eligible for a refund , the information provided above must match the information contained on your credit report and the creditor application ( s ) note : this service is availible to us citizens only . void were prohibited by law signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _
  """",1
  35,""""Subject: zero down internet opportunity !
   
   $ 0 down internet opportunity * complete computer system * e - com web site package * tutorials - we ' ll teach you * earn big while you learn for more info : 520-615 - 3253
  """",1
  36,""""Subject: re : free !
   
   hello , we are offering a fantastic 100 % free access to the most famous adult site in the world . just visit the url to get your free access . no bullshit . you get what you see ! ! ! http : / / www . sexplosion . com / a / thepussy / if you are not able to access , try our mirror site at : http : / / www . geocities . com / southbeach / island / 2325 / have fun . pussyman .
  """",1
  37,""""Subject: 
   
   when it comes to porn , this site does n't mess around . they dish out more than a mouthful , quick and easy . dive into more than 700 + xxx - rated strip shows and video feeds plus thousands of pics including teens , orgies , asians , amateurs , exclusive photo shoots , and more . try our ' cyberfolds ' section where you can massage the girl live on screen or watch a hidden peep cam ! if you want to just try it out , to see if it 's worth it , you can signup for an entire week for just $ 3 . 95 . use the link below http : / / 209 . 125 . 202 . 39 / a001 / index . html over 18 ' s only may access this site
  """",1
  38,""""Subject: they can even steal your identity !
   
   are you being investigated ? has your personal and credit information been stolen ? has someone assumed your identity ? would you like to locate an old friend , relative , military buddy or sweetheart ? do you want to find a person 's assets to collect a debt or judgement ? would you like to check a person 's criminal record before renting them space or giving them employment ? would you like to fix up your credit bureau report , create a new identity or even disappear ? are you going to have surgery ? would you like to know how many malpractice suits have been filed against your doctor ? now you can learn all this plus much , much more with our brand new 45 page report """""""" internet sleuth """""""" ! learn the internet tools and resources that are used to investigate you , your relatives , friends , neighbors , enemies , employees or anyone else ! we will give you thousands of internet locations to look up people , credit , social security , current or past employment , driving records , criminal records , medical information , military records , addresses , phone numbers , immigration , divorce , labor and criminal laws ! we will also give you sources to find missing children and parents , hazardous waste sites , how to do freedom of information act information searches , how to do skip tracing and backround checks on prospective dates , brides or grooms , employees , renters , vendors , new clients and competitors ! you will also learn about and where to get surveillance and spy devices , private mail forwarding and annonymous email forwarding sites , search for copyrights , patents and court cases and how to make your assets untraceable ! we will show you how to get copies of credit reports , adoption databases , information on drugs , poisons and how to get your share of government programs and benefits ! can you find this information by using the internet search engines ? the answer is maybe if you get lucky and if you want to spend many hours going through 25 , 000 plus hits per subject ! we and our staff have spent hundreds of hours and many thousands of dollars compiling this information for you ! now you can have it on a silver platter for less than twenty bucks during this special email promotion ! you frequently hear over the media , television , radio , the newspapers , how personal information is being used , traded and sold over the internet . . . usually without your permission or knowledge . our report will show you how it is done ! ! ! would you like to find that old romantic flame . . . find telephone , address or email information on almost anyone . . . even unlisted phone numbers ? how about your family """""""" tree """""""" ? we will teach you how to turn years of work into hours of fun ! military ? check army , navy , air force and marine records . extensive vietnamese war records , mia info , much more ! looking for a job ? find the job you are seeking . . . even in another state or another country ! we will teach you how ! looking for a new love interest or spouse or even sex partner ? we will show you where to look for fast results ! want up-to - the-minute health and medical information ? learn how to cure fears and phoebias , the latest drugs and treatments for almost any ailment or desease from the drug companies themselves as well as from universities and the center for desease control . want to learn the most effective way to loose weight ? it 's all here in our report ! if you believe that the information compiled about you should be as available to you as to the people that compile it about you without your knowledge or permission than you must order """""""" the internet sleuth report """""""" immediately ! our """""""" internet sleuth report """""""" is normally sold by direct mail for $ 39 . 95 and will soon be in book stores for $ 29 . 95 . however , to generate publicity and """""""" get the word out """""""" we are making this 10 day email special offer of our complete 45 page report for only $ 19 . 95 plus $ 3 for shipping and handling [ total $ 22 . 95 ] . sold with our 10 day money back guarantee ! this is the biggest bargain on the internet and the information it will give to you will give you great power ! it can really change your life in a positive way . order now ! the complete 45 page """""""" internet sleuth report """""""" only $ 19 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling - total $ 22 . 95 . shipped in plain wrapper by first class mail . add $ 5 for priority mail delivery . add $ 20 for overnight express ! we accept visa , mastercard , american express or discover . we can also accept your check by phone or fax . you may order by phone 9 am to 10 pm [ ny time ] by phoning [ 718 ] 287-3800 you may order by fax 24 hours per day by phoning our fax line at [ 718 ] 462-5920 . you can fax your credit card information or your check to email your order - do not hit reply on your keyboard send email to our special email address below : bernadette38 @ juno . com [ note : if you order by email and do not receive an email confirmation within 24 hours , please phone our office at 718-287 - 3800 ] you can also order by mail by sending $ 22 . 95 cash , check , money order or major credit card [ visa , mastercard , american express or discover ] to tcps , inc . 4718 18th ave . suite 135 brooklyn , ny 11204 make checks & money orders payable to tcps , inc . new york state residents please add $ 1 . 70 for sales tax the following order form is for your convenience ! use it by mail , fax or email ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please ship me _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ copies of the internet sleuth report at $ 19 . 95 each plus $ 3 . 00 for shipping and handling [ $ 22 . 95 ] signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp date _ _ _ _ _ _ ship to : name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ area code and home phone [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax # [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to remove your name from our mailing list , send us an email with remove in the subject line . this is a one time offer and you should not hear from us again ! tcps , inc . , 4718 18th ave . , suite 135 , brooklyn , ny 11204 office [ 718 ] 287-3800 fax [ 718 ] 462-5920 24 hours [ 9am to 10pm ny time ] [ c ] copyright 1998 tcps , inc . all rights reserved .
  """",1
  39,""""Subject: wanted ! home product assemblers !
   
   looking for home product assemblers ! ! how would you like to assemble products at home & get paid ! choose your own hours ! be your own boss ! easy work ! excellent pay ! earn hundreds of dollars weekly ! here are just a few examples of the work you will have to choose from : wooden products - up to $ 220 . 00 weekly ! hair accessories - up to $ 320 . 00 weekly ! holiday crafts - up to $ 270 . 00 weekly ! beaded accessories - up to $ 350 . 00 weekly ! . . . . . . . plus many others . there are over 75 companies to choose from ! why not enjoy the benefits and freedom of home assembly work ! to find out more call . . . . . toll free ( 24 hour recording ) 1-800 - 600-0343 office extension # 2425 . usa publishing co . p . o . box 8950 rocky mount nc 27804 name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city & state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ q 04627caa
  """",1
  40,""""Subject: secrets of the noveau rich
   
   you have just stumbled upon something very real and life changing ! work full or part time at your pace - - at home or office . not mlm or a ' scam ' . your job will be to tour your prospects through the turnkey system utilizing strong support teams and allow them to access and understand the powerful opportunities available through this association . no personal selling ! ! complete training and team support is at your fingertips - - immediately ! $ 1 , 000 . 00 to $ 5 , 000 . 00 per week is typical for most associates within thirty days ! turnkey leads are available ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * if you have been looking for a home-based business opportunity , this could be your lucky day ! over twenty thousands individuals , like-minded entrepreneurs , intent upon making profits , have within the last four years , turned a one-time investment into a powerful money making operation ! many are making in excess of $ 50 , 000 . 00 per month . ask to speak to some of them and hear their story ! your growth and progression within the association will allow travel to exotic places , learn the secrets of the very wealthy - - how to make money and keep it , and a hands-on education in many other wealth building opportunities . is this the right time for you ? are you ready to ' roll up your sleeves and get to work ? ' if you are click link below to make contact = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = click here = = = = = = > > > click here put the word """""""" succeed """""""" in the subject field plus the information below and click send . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - please include the following : without this information you will not be contacted - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - name home or work phone number the best time to contact you = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = to remove from mailing list click link below : click here put the words """""""" remove now """""""" in the subject field and click send .
  """",1
  41,""""Subject: how does debt-free sound ?
   
   if it sounds good , then we can help you attain that goal . qualifying to being debt-free is now at your fingertips and there are no long distance calls to make or travel plans to arrange . american capital can save you a huge amount of money on monthly payments as well as in taxes , at no cost to you . free loan evaluation : http : / / 208 . 26 . 207 . 79 / moneyhelp / 175 . html we are american capital mortgage services , we specialize in helping homeowners establish one easy low monthly payment with the added benefit of not needing any equity in your home . american capital is constantly working with other lenders throughout the u . s . to provide you with the best interest rate possible . we have a number of different companies that we work with and this is at no cost to you ever . we are simply a referral agency . what do you have to lose , why not give it a shot and see if you can better your situation and save yourself hundreds per month . you can have the cash in your pocket usually within 7-14 days . did you know that your loan is tax deductible ? all we ask for is your name , address , phone number and e-mail address . the rest is optional . this way a representative can personally call you so he or she can answer all your detailed questions . for a free loan evaluation please , visit our website by clicking here : http : / / 208 . 26 . 207 . 79 / moneyhelp / 175 . html or type : http : / / 208 . 26 . 207 . 79 / moneyhelp / 175 . html in your browser . put us to the test . i know we can help you . kindest regards * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this message complies with the proposed united states federal requirements for commercial email as well as the washington state commercial email bill . for additional information see : http : / / www . senate . gov / ~ murkowski / commercialemail / emailamendtext . html washington state commercial email bill : http : / / ww . wa . gov / wwweb / ago / junkemail / required sender information : american capital ft . thomas , ky 41075 thall14 @ sprynet . com 1-212 - 796-6549 if you wish to be removed from this mailing list , go to : http : / / www . remove-list . com
  """",1
  42,""""Subject: `
   
   hello ! come see our naughty little city made especially for adults http : / / 208 . 26 . 207 . 98 / freeweek / enter . html once you get here , you won't want to leave !
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  43,""""Subject: attract women now ! ! ( 30740 )
   
   attract women now ! ! ! with nature 's secret weapon . . . . pheromones invisible , odorless , and undetectable , when unknowingly inhaled by any adult woman , androstenone pheromone concentrate unblocks all restraints and unleashes her raw animal sex drive ! scientists have isolated the natural human male pheromone attractants and they are now available to you , legally , in the u . s . ! the power of androstenone has been featured on hardcopy , 20 / 20 , dateline , and in articles in penthouse , playboy , chic , swank , vogue , omni , discovery and numerous medical journals , television shows and newspapers from the n . y . times to the l . a . times . for the last five years , we have been researching and marketing pheromone products . we have sold thousands of bottles . we receive letters of praise daily , from men across the country ! every time you wear androstenone pheromone concentrate , it will send out a natural chemical signal of sex appeal to women that will compel them towards you , make you irresistible to them and they will not know why . attract women : pheromones will miraculously increase your sexual attractiveness with women . this will allow you to meet more women then you ever imagined ! even after a small application of androstenone pheromone concentrate , you will notice women suddenly making eye contact , flirting , and even walking up to you and introducing themselves ! arrouse your spouse or existing sexual partner : start a new passion between you and your mate and re-energize your existing relationship ! androstenone will rejuvenate her passion for you ! pheromone stimulation restores the attraction she felt when you first met ! androstenone is the only known true male human pheromone tested showing positive vno response in women , and proven time and time again to attract women . for a limited time , we are offering one bottle of androstenone pheromone concentrate for only $ 19 . 95 ! . . . thats right , only $ 19 . 95 ! money back guarantee : if you do n't immediately notice a drastic increase in the amount of women approaching you , send the remainder of your androstenone pheromone concentrate back for a full refund ! 1 bottle of impulse . . . $ 19 . 95 or buy 2 bottles and receive a 3rd bottle free ! orders shipped the day they are received . all items are shipped in discreet unmarked packaging . order by check or credit card ( your credit card will be discreetly billed . ) to find out more , visit our website : http : / / 208 . 166 . 10 . 7 / thera / index . htm if you do not have web access , you can place an order by sending check or money order ( total amount + $ 4 . 95 s + h ) to : amazing products , inc . 1334 e . chandler bl . # 5-a11 phoenix , az 85048 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 84822
  """",1
  44,""""Subject: only if you are serious . . . will i help you retire in 2 to 3 years !
   
   time is money so why waste my time or yours . . . . . . you have to be serious about retiring in 2 to 3 years with the money u need to live the life u always wanted yes , you have to work hard but we can help you regardless of you ' re current age or financial situation please only if you are serious ( not curious ) call the number today for a 24 hour recorded message 1-800 - 995-0796 ext . 8511 c # ed
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  45,""""Subject: free promotional offer
   
   for ' your ' very own 100 % free web site go to this site : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / freewebsites / * * * no charge * * * * * * no commitment * * * * * * no problem * * * opportunity seekers and internet marketers small or large this site is also for you . earn a prosperous income giving away free web sites . . . already have a web site ? how would you like your site linked to thousands of other web sites ? go to this amazing site and find out how . . . http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / freewebsites / * * * no charge * * * * * * no commitment * * * * * * no problem * * * this is truly going to be the site of the century ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * please excuse the intrusion . this will be a one time free offer mailing only * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",1
  46,""""Subject: """""""" complete home business kit ! ! """"""""
   
   earn over $ 70 , 000 a month in your own home based business and legally pay very little taxes ! ! this is not , i repeat , this is not mlm or chainletter junk ! ! ! friend ; those are strong words , i know . but if you ' re not making at least a tenth of this every month you need to pay attention because i have an important message on how you can make what i ' m earning and do it within the next 90 days ! ! for years i have spun my wheels in various home based business opportunities with little success . a few months ago i finally found the key to making bundles of money , right from my home , selling a product everyone in the world needs and wants . . . information ! i ' m going to help you do the same if you just listen to learn how to make over $ 70 , 000 a month with one of hottest selling reports in the world today ! 1 ) i will set you up in your own home based business for only $ 50 . 00 ! 2 ) i will give you one of the fastest selling products in the world you can reproduce yourself for pennies ! 3 ) i will show you how you can become a self publisher & sell one of the most powerful & provocative reports ever written - right from your own home ! 4 ) i will let you keep all the money you make selling this product ! you do n't need to spend thousands of dollars , bear enormous risk and work hundreds of hours a week to start this legitimate business from your home . in a matter of hours you can start working at home , from your kitchen table , making from $ 50 to $ 1 , 000 a day ! ! here is all you will need . . . # 1 . the hottest selling publication in the world today called offshore special report number 5599 . # 2 . a copy machine or a quick copy service that can duplicate ofs 's offshore special report . # 3 . a quality mailing list or a local or national publication to run a simple four line classified ad ! # 4 . a mail box to collect the hundreds of orders you will be receiving everyday - six days a week ! # 5 this letter , which you obviously already have , just save it . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the key to any business success is to have a product or service everyone in the world needs and wants . that product should be inexpensive to produce & easy to ship . you will have that product with ofs 's offshore special report number 5599 ! ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ofs 's offshore special report number 5599 will change peoples lives throughout the world by showing them how they can make and save money by removing themselves from the strict rules , regulations and tax burdens their government has imposed on them in the last few years . brace yourself - most people are taken aback by what i am about to tell you regarding ofs 's offshore special report number 5599 . in ofs 's offshore special report number 5599 you will find out that . . . unfair & discriminatory divorce settlements are made obsolete in this report ! ruthless creditors will cringe if they know you have read this report ! blood sucking lawyers may go broke by you reading this report ! heartless tax agencies see red when they read this report ! sneaky politicians use the information in this report everyday ! your greedy banker does not want you to read this report ! this report is blackballed by most government agencies ! back stabbing relatives hate this report ! you will also learn & or have access to . . . ways politicians & the rich get even richer using trusts and how you can do the same ! incorporate offshore - completely private and away from your government 's regulations ! your own secret offshore mailing address - no one will know your real address . offshore private checking account - deposit money and pay your bills from offshore - no paper trails . save up to 50 % on printing & mail & have your sales material mailed from jamaica - are you in the mail order business ? here 's a money saving opportunity no one else can offer ! offshore investors - do you have a viable funding project ? offshore tax havens - legally delay or eliminate taxes - no one knows - not even your government ! offshore ibc 's & trusts - asset protection from creditors and your government ! offshore phone answering service - more privacy - more protection ! offshore self - liquidating loans - if structured right , never needs to be paid back ! high yield offshore investment opportunities - find out how the rich make from 1 % to 4 % a week on their money - offshore and tax free - you can do the same ! offshore visa card regardless of credit - no paper trails - works in any atm worldwide ! up to 100 % financing on residential and commercial property - hard to place mortgage sources ! bill consolidation regardless of credit rating - stop those harassing creditors within days using this credit source ! lines of credit up to $ 15 , 000 regardless of credit - these credit cards are major bankcards ! secret money - secrecy is a thriving industry - you will have access to these secret money sources ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with all this valuable information in report number 5599 , do you see why it 's the hottest selling report in the world today ? this information is not accessible just anywhere ! information like this can not be found at your local library . it is well worth $ 50 . 00 - in fact its well worth thousands of dollars by showing people how they can save a hundred times that amount in taxes alone ! the best deal of all is that you will have full reprints rights and the permission to sell ofs 's offshore special report number 5599 . you keep all the money ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ information is the perfect product . it 's easy to reproduce , easy to ship and easy to sell especially when it 's as powerful as report # 5599 . the market is unlimited in that you can sell report # 5599 to anyone , anyplace in the world . the potential is unlimited because there are billions of people throughout the world who need report # 5599 and are being introduced to report # 5599 this minute . everyone . . . i mean everyone needs report # 5599 . . . . people who have a j . o . b . and have """""""" more month than money """""""" - you know """""""" just over broke """""""" ! ! people who are self-employed - paying that """""""" self employment tax """""""" and are prime candidates for law suits from every direction ! people who are sick and tired of frivolous law suits - did you know that in the u . s . there are 2 . 67 lawyers for every 1 , 000 people ? most lawyers are hungry and need to sue someone for any reason to survive ! professional people such as doctors , engineers , technicians , architects , stock - brokers , accountants , and yes even lawyers ! - you know those people in the higher than average tax brakets ! people who are getting married or are married and plan on living happily ever after - now back to reality - the u . s . has a divorce rate that exceeds 60 % every year ! partners who want to make sure their partnership is a true 50-50 deal now and in the future ! people who live in a country that has strict rules and regulations limiting where and how they can run their business and manage their money ! people who are retired and at the mercy of their governments ' rules concerning social security income and medical benefits ! people who want to retire but cannot afford to because of lack of income or the rules forced upon them by their government restricting them from receiving a decent income ! people who are high audit risks or have been audited by their governments ' dictatorial tax agency - you know """""""" guilty until proven innocent """""""" ! people who are paying their government 40 % to 60 % in taxes and are sick and tired of doing so ! people who are close to bankruptcy and need to find a solution as soon as possible - 20 % to 40 % of the people in the united states are a paycheck away from bankruptcy - yes those people ! people who want to make sure their children receive 100 % of their inheritance without the government stealing it away ! people who need credit and have been turned down through traditional sources , such as their local friendly bank ! people who want to keep their business and personal affairs private - hard to do this day and age with all the computers ! people who have the dream of financial independence and want to make thousands a day running their own home based business ! you must agree with me there is a tremendous market throughout the world ; of people who are breathing and paying taxes which are prime candidates for report # 5599 ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ since we have determined the entire world is a prime candidate for report # 5599 let me show you how easy it is to sell report # 5599 working from your kitchen table ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hold on ! ! how rude of me ! i have been talking to you from the beginning of this email , without officially introducing myself ! so let me officially introduce myself - i ' m one of several ofs independent associates making five digits every month ! i ' ll be your sponsor - i ' m the person who you will pay the $ 50 . 00 to and receive report # 5599 ! i ' m the person who will change your life forever ! i ' m the person who wants to see you succeed because if you succeed - i succeed ! i want to make sure you succeed and see you sell hundreds , even thousands of reports every week . the more you sell the more money i can make ! its ' true that you keep all of the $ 50 . 00 when you sell a report . you pay me nothing other than the initial $ 50 . 00 for the report - not one single dollar - you keep it all . sell only 10 reports a week and make $ 500 - you keep it all ! sell 100 reports a week and you make $ 5 , 000 - you keep it all ! sell 500 reports a week and make $ 25 , 000 - you keep it all ! ! ! before i tell you how and why i make money every time you sell a report , let me show you how easy it is to advertise and sell """""""" the hottest selling report in the world """""""" - ofs 's offshore special report number 5599 ! . this report has been designed to be self-contained with all the marketing concepts on how to sell the report right inside . in your copy of report # 5599 you will have access to the following marketing strategies and tools . . . sample of proven classified ads you can place in local or national publications that will make you filthy rich ! a powerful photo ready copy of a postcard you can put your name & address on and have the $ 50 . 00 sent directly to you - automatically . i will show you how you can print and mail that postcard - first class - for as little as twelve cents ( u . s ) each ! once you send in your certificate of registration from report # 5599 you will also receive . . . additional dynamite classified and display ads that will generate hundreds , even thousands , of responses guaranteed to fill your mail box with $ 50 . 00 orders ! places to advertise for as little as seven cents ( u . s . ) per word reaching over 73 , 000 , 000 people ! a co-op advertising program sharing the leads and sales generated from national television infomercials ! a photo ready copy of this order pulling sales letter for your use to mail to the respondents of your ads ! duplicatable copy of an audio cassette tape of this order pulling sales letter ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ become an offshore broker and make more money than most dream of helping others find and save money ! ofs 's offshore special report number 5599 has a variety of money making opportunities and the """""""" offshore broker """""""" is just one of them ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i ' m not greedy - i just love what money does for me & my family ! as the person who introduced you to report # 5599 i have the opportunity to make over-rides on every report # 5599 you sell . you see , i ' m not happy just making $ 50 . 00 on the report i sold you . i would like to retire in the near future , sit back and receive hundreds , even thousands , of dollars a week for my past efforts of selling report # 5599 . in report # 5599 there are additional money-making opportunities by having people establishing what are called international business corporations , asset protection trusts ( among other offshore business support services ) and i can receive commissions and over-rides having people buying these services whether i personally sell them myself or you sell them through the initial sale of report # 5599 . that 's why i ' m interested in your success . i want you to become a millionaire by selling thousands of reports . here are a few of the additional money making opportunities contained in report # 5599 from which i can make over-rides by becoming an """""""" offshore broker """""""" . . . = > first , i make $ 50 . 00 on report # 5599 ( i initally sold to you ) in addition . . . = > i can make up to $ 100 helping people set up an offshore checking account ! = > i can make up to $ 240 for every international business corporation established ! = > i can make up to $ 1 , 000 for every trust set up - domestic or offshore ! = > i can make up to $ 50 for every self-liquidating loan manual sold ! = > i can make up to $ 100 for every offshore print & mail order ! = > i can make up to $ 100 for every offshore visa card established ! = > i can make up to $ 100 for everyone who receives a $ 15 , 000 unsecured line of credit through a major bank credit card ! = > if i feel really energetic i can set up and run a trust agency in my area and have people sell trusts for me ( somewhat like an insurance agency ) ! the money-making potential is tremendous by hiring several people who work in my area . i ' m your sponsor and because of my efforts in selling you report # 5599 , i have the opportunity to make lifetime residuals from your efforts in selling report # 5599 to others ! i ' m truly amazed at the marketing concept offered through ofs 's offshore special report number 5599 . the concept is so simple and it is completely duplicatable ! by making sure you make thousands of dollars a week i ' m going to get filthy stinking rich off your success ! if it seems like i am bragging and rubbing it in about how i ' m going to make bundles of money from your efforts it 's true ! ! you should be as excited as i am because report # 5599 allows you to duplicate my efforts ! when you sell a report to others you will then be in my position - to make all the over-rides and commissions i have just talked about - on those who then sell report # 5599 ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the following questions & answers are designed to answer most of the concerns you may have . this should give you enough information to determine if ofs 's offshore special report # 5599 is your tool for making thousands of dollars a week in a home based business . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ q . do i have to personally sell the report & the other offshore business support services to people who respond to my ads ? a . no ! this is really a two fold question . let 's talk about the selling of report # 5599 first . all you have to do is place an ad , mail the postcards or send bulk email . if you place an ad send the respondent this sales letter and let this sales letter do the rest for you - no need to talk to anyone ! ! if you mail the postcards or use bulk emailing your job is done ! the postcard will ask the respondent to send $ 50 . 00 to your mailing address . email will work for you if you send it to as many people as you can . if you decide to become an offshore broker and qualify to receive over-rides and commission on the offshore business support services the parent company will do the selling for you if you wish . this is a """""""" no brainer """""""" and can be as simple or as complicated as you want to make it . . . talk to the people if you wish or do n't - report # 5599 sells itself ! q . how many hours a week will i have to devote to my business ? a . one to sixty hours a week ! here 's a question i will answer with a question . . . how much money do you want to make ? common sense says the more ads you run and the more mailings you do the more money you will make ! the statistics show that for every 100 responses you receive from your ads , and you mail this sales letter , you will sell five to ten reports making you $ 250 . 00 to $ 500 . 00 ( us ) . your ad responses will vary depending on the place you advertise and the circulation of the publication . the more ads you run or the more emails you send out the more time you will need to devote to your home based business . q . just how much money will i need to start my home based business ? a . $ 50 . 00 ! yeah i know - you ' re thinking you will need money for ads and mailing . well - i ' ve had people start with $ 50 . 00 ( u . s ) and make ten copies of the report and sold them to their associates and friends giving them $ 500 . 00 ( us ) . that gave them enough money to start running ads and to buy stamps . in looking at all the money making opportunities offered in the world today i really do n't think you can get started for any less than $ 50 . 00 and have a better legitimate money-making opportunity than the one offered in report # 5599 ! q . if i have additional questions who will answer them for me ? a . i will or the parent company will ! no package of information , no matter how complete , can possibly answer every question that may come up . i do not want you to lose money seeking out the answers . i want you to succeed ! you will receive a phone number in report # 5599 where you can either reach me or someone from the parent company for any question or help you need ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ here 's a valuable bonus for ordering within 5 days . . . . your 's absolutely free ! ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i have persuaded the parent company - offshore financial services , ltd . - to give you their ofs offshore business journal - volume i - free of charge - as a bonus for ordering report # 5599 within 5 days of receiving this email . you will receive the journal when you send in your """""""" certificate of registration """""""" found in the report . the information in this journal is priceless and can not be found anywhere but right here ! ! here 's a sample of that information : bonus # 1 ofs 's offshore business journal > your irs returns are suppose to be private - not so ! > funds through on-line computer services ! > raising capital without borrowing from the bank ! > how to get medicines before they ' re approved by the fda ! > airlines will handle your baggage with special care if you know the secret ! > you can borrow money from your ira . just do n't call it a loan > how to get free subscriptions to over 60 magazines ! > establish aaa credit in 30 days ! > why americans are mad as hell ! > sources for quick cash loans . bonus # 2 report # 5599 support package . > how to reach over 73 , 000 , 000 people for as little as 7 cents per word ! > how to set up voice mail and never talk to anyone who responds to your ads . > to use or not to use a mailing list ? > how to receive free names to mail to . > how to mail your postcards & sales flyers """""""" first class """""""" for a low as 12 cents each - includes printing ! > how to collect $ 5 from people who want to receive this sales letter ! bonus # 3 bulk - emailer 's dream package . by ordering within the next 5 days , you will also receive a floppy disk packed full of online marketing tips from two of the nation 's top electronic marketers . i have previously offered this disk for $ 79 . 95 , but by purchasing report # 5599 through this special offer within the next 5 days , it will be yours for free ! ! i will also include another floppy disk with over 150 hot money making reports that you can sell together or individually ! bulk - email has been proven to be the most effective way to market on the internet . by ordering within the next 5 days ; i will include a program that collects names from aol chat rooms at a maximum rate of over 10 , 000 per hour ! ! you will receive high response rates marketing to these fresh names that you have collected yourself . now all you will need is a bulk-email program , you will receive a link where you can download a free fully working demonstration bulk - email program that will allow you to begin earning profits the day you receive my package . you will not need to be concerned with losing your isp because i will show you exactly how to send hundreds of thousands of emails per day while cloaking your isp 's mail server and your identity at the same time ! ! stop the presses ! ! , i ' m not finished giving away free extras yet ! i have just learned of a brand new isp that is offering free access ! ! ! that 's right totally free unlimited internet access ! ! if your order is received via fax within the next 24hrs i will tell you how to sign up for this free service which is a $ 240 / yr value order now ! ! with all that i will be providing you , your success is guaranteed . you will not receive this offer again ; by ordering report # 5599 within the next 5 days all of the above information will be yours for a measly us $ 50 . 00 . order today ! ! why am i giving away so much for so little ? good question . . . it is my personal belief that any responsible hardworking person can achieve financial security given the proper opportunity and information . . the rich have kept opportunities and information to themselves that would allow anyone of us to achieve unparalleled success easily . that is why i am giving away a solid product , plus all the information needed to successfully sell that product , for only us $ 50 . 00 to anyone with enough interest and patience to read this letter . sincerely , your sponsor ofs independent associate risk free guarantee if you are not completely satisfied after reading report # 5599 and its support package simply return them both within 120 days for a full refund . no questions asked . you keep the floppy disks , business journal and dream package . you have nothing to risk and a fortune to make . here 's your risk free opportunity to change your financial situation forever ! ! { cut } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = special report # 5599 order form _ _ _ please rush me a copy of ofs 's offshore special report # 5599 and all bonuses . i understand i have full reprint rights and can sell report # 5599 for $ 50 . 00 ( u . s . ) keeping all the money ! _ _ _ i have enclosed a check / money order for $ 50 . 00 please mail the report to ( please print clearly ) your name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ zip : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : ( _ _ _ ) _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : ( _ _ _ ) _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mail this form & the check or money order for us $ 50 . 00 to the address below : dynamic communications p . o . box 373-356 decatur , ga 30037-3356 fax : ( 770 ) 234-4241 phone : ( 404 ) 274-8669 or , if you prefer , you may also pay by faxing your credit card information or copy of your check to the number above along with the information requested on the order form . please note : if ordering by credit card be sure to include card type , number and expiration date . after dialing you will be prompted to press 2 for fax . sorry , report # 5599 is too big for us to email it to you , we will send it priority mail within 24 hrs of receipt of your order .
  """",1
  47,""""Subject: advertisement
   
   this message complies with the proposed united states federal requirements for commercial email . for additional information see : your e - mail address is on a list saying you would like to information on this type of service . further mailings to you may be stopped at no cost to you by sending a reply with remove as the subject . all remove requests will be honored immediately as outlined under the murkowski bill at . attempts to cancel any aforementioned email accounts will result in the inability to process remove requests , your or anyone else 's . please include all addresses where you receive email to avoid receiving further mailings from us . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ are you haveing a hard time finding places that will give you a credit card or a merchant card . if you are then maybe we can help you get the credit we all must have give us a try . we do each card search by hand starting with your town then your state and so on and so on . point your browser to http : / / www . creditime . com / we have a good deal for you
  """",1
  48,""""Subject: make unlimited income !
   
   make unlimited income no meetings , no phone calls , no conference calls , no selling , no monthly quotas or chasing around friends and relatives ! simply advertise our company ' s 800 number under your personal code number . the company will answer all calls and questions , make the sales , collect the money , ship the product and send you a check for each sale ! for proof , call 24 hrs . / day . . . . recorded messages . . . 1-888 - 446-6951 , 1-888 - 703-5389 , 1-888 - 731-3457 and 1-888 - 715-0642 . to get started right away , call 1-800 - 811-2141 ( from 8am to 10pm . . cst . . mon-sat . ) and give code number 56404 when asked by our trained professional . ask about a free ! ! vacation when you call : ) thank you
  """",1
  49,""""Subject: - - | > direct email-secrets + stumbling blocks
   
   are you ready to reach new prospects without the technical hassle ? do you use direct email marketing ? direct email uses similar principles involved in the familiar model of direct postal mail . if done correctly , one 's success is sure to come . if not performed correctly , then it becomes a case of luck . the 4 basic principle of direct email : are you familiar with the four basic process involved in a successful direct email campaign ? these basic steps are what the professional , consistent and successful direct emailers use . they are the foundation and root of the direct email model . the basic process includes the following : 1 . consistently accessing new and fresh lists 2 . consistently updating lists 3 . consistently sending your ad at reasonable intervals ( repetition is the key = look at tv commercials ) 4 . optimizing your ad and subject to a more """""""" order pulling """""""" ad do you know aida ? aida is an acronym of the model used in creating powerful and effective sales letters , which is widely used in advertising today . grab one of several direct mail and direct email letters and read them at least three times . the powerful and effective letters follow aida . what 's aida stand for ? a = grab the prospect 's """""""" attention """""""" i = create """""""" interest """""""" by providing some information d = create stimulaton the produces """""""" desire """""""" a = demand immediate """""""" action """""""" do you need current and supplemental prospect email lists ? do you need fresh lists every day , every week or every month ? do you need more new prospects - never reached before ? if you answered yes , our email update service will provide you new and fresh email contacts . never run out of email prospects ! ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ more info ( 24 hrs ) : 626-839 - 3835 ( us ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19gj643d5697
  """",1
  50,""""Subject: re : hello
   
   * * * * * * warning ! this message is for porno webmasters and / or persons working in the porno industry . if you receive this by mistake , we apologize for any inconveniences incurred . please reply with """""""" remove """""""" in the """""""" subject """""""" area and you will be removed from our mailing list . * * * * * * fellow porno webmaster , there is a new underground porno site in town ! you will find new resources to improve your site ! underground porno site your support of the internet adult coalition is greatly appreciated . sincerely , tara iac member los angeles , ca
  """",1
  51,""""Subject: adv . small business owner
   
   this message complies with the proposed united states federal requirements for commercial email as well as the washington state commercial email bill , per section 301 , paragraph ( a ) ( 2 ) ( c ) of s . 1618 . for additional information see : http : / / www . senate . gov / ~ murkowski / commercialemail / emailamendtext . html washington state commercial email bill : http : / / ww . wa . gov / wwweb / ago / junkemail / required sender information : andalucia international limited 3588 plymouth road ann arbor , mi 48105 usa andalucia @ mailexcite . com further transmissions to you by the sender of this email may be stopped at no cost to you by sending a reply to this email address with the word """""""" remove """""""" in the subject line . * * * we do honor any remove request . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = august 18 , 1998 dear sir / madam thousands of small business owners are doubling their income , with less than an hour of work each week . now you can too ! you probably think of ways to make more money every single day of your life . that 's your job as a small business owner or an internet marketer . if you do n't make more money , eventually you ' ll go out of business . but maybe the methods you come up with do n't always succeed because no """""""" idea """""""" for making money is guaranteed to increase your income . until now . we ' ve come up with a proven way to make any small business owner more successful . for just $ 30 , hundreds of marketers and business owners are using """""""" the 50 million e - mail addresses on a cd-rom """""""" every day to promoting , marketeting thier business and double , even triple their income . all you have to do is order the """""""" 50 million e - mail addresses on a cd-rom """""""" today , and you can join them in living a more luxurious life , and you ' ll only have to work at it an hour every week . of course , the more you work and promote , the more you ' ll make - - and when you ' re making this much money , you can afford to hire someone to do the work for you . you ' ll be making more money after using the 50 million e - mail addresses on a cd-rom for just one month . then you ' ll be saying things like """""""" this 50 e - mail addresses on a cd-rom is the best easiest , fastest way to promote your business and make more money that i ' ve ever come across as a business owner . """""""" doubling your income is as easy as ordering now . sincerely , dr . al baroudi president / ceo andalucia international ltd _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ send a check or money order with to andalucia international ltd . 3588 plymouth road ann arbor , mi 48105 usa ( yes ) please find enclosed my payment of $ 36 ( $ 30 . 00 plus $ 6 . 00 fedex ) for my copy of the amazing 50 million e-mail addresses on a cd-rom including a copy of netscape communicator """""""" 4 """""""" as my free gift . i can use / rent / copy and resell these lists any way i want and at any price i chose . name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ or visit us at : http : / / members . spree . com / andalucia / bizop4 . htm
  """",1
  52,""""Subject: * we purchase uncollected judgments - -
   
   we purchase uncollected judicial judgments ! ! if you , your company or an acquaintance have an uncollected judicial judgment then please call us and find out how we can help you receive the money that the court states you are rightfully due . we have strong interest in acquiring uncollected judicial judgments in your city and area . itc is the largest firm in the world specializing in the purchase and collection of judicial judgments . currently we are processing over 637 million dollars worth of judgments in the united states alone . we have associate offices in virtually every city in the us and in most foreign countries . you have nothing to lose and everything to gain by calling . there is absolutely no cost to you . we can be reached toll free at 1-800 - 409-8302 extension 1279 . you can call 24 hours per day . thank you for your time + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + another internet ad campaign produced and distributed by : cyber advertising systems , ny , ny 10011 . please call cyber advertising systems at 1-800 - 409-8302 extension 1284 if you would like us to design and distribute powerful advertising for your company . success courses is pleased with the advertising we have developed for them . if you have a solid well proven product or service then we would be proud to help your company also . to be removed from our mailing list please reply to us at gardernst67 @ yahoo . com and type the word remove on the subject line only . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
  """",1
  53,""""Subject: go speed racer go
   
   = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = removal and general information can be found at the end of the message . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = our company is proud to bring to you some of the best of cartoon history ! do you remember """""""" speed racer """""""" , """""""" racer x """""""" , """""""" mach v """""""" ? the whole gangs , the cars and drivers , have now been captured on three beautiful sericels . these colorful sericels feature """""""" speed racer """""""" , """""""" racer x """""""" , and """""""" the speed racer family """""""" ! to further enhance the collectible aspects of these sericels , they have been signed by peter fernandez ( the voices of speed and racer x ) , corrine orr ( voices of trixie and spritle ) . the retail value of these fabulous sericels is $ 200 . 00 , what a wonderful gift ! you can choose your favorite sericel for $ 75 . 00 or you may purchase all three for $ 149 . 95 , ( $ 49 . 95 each ) . you can even make three monthly payments of $ 49 . 95 with zero interest . ( shipping and handling is included ) . add to your animation collection free ! as part of this promotion , when you go see this special speed racer sericels and participate in our brief art industry survey , we will give you free of charge an original hand painted cel from the blockbuster teenage mutant ninja turtles series . ( shipping and handling , not included ) . to view speed racer , the free turtle cel survey offer , along with other special offers , please visit us at http : / / www . art-gifts . cc . you will be glad you did . tell a friend . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = this service is provided by internet marketing technologies usa inc . imt uses in-house targeted email lists . this message is in compliance with the proposed united states federal requirements for commercial email . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = should you wish to be excluded from all imt 's future email campaigns , please send your request to remove @ art-gifts . cc . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = deleting this message will not inform us of your removal request . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = for additional information see : http : / / www . senate . gov / ~ murkowski / commercialemail / emailamendtext . html = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = company : internet marketing technologies ( usa ) inc . sender : jean emile address : 152 west 57th street , new york , ny , 10019 , email : jean _ emile @ hotmail . com phone : ( 888 ) 877-6834 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
  """",1
  54,""""Subject: . . . . . . go speedracer , go . . . . . go speedracer , go . . . .
   
   = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = removal and general information can be found at the end of the message . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = our company is proud to bring to you some of the best of cartoon history ! do you remember """""""" speed racer """""""" , """""""" racer x """""""" , """""""" mach v """""""" ? the whole gangs , the cars and drivers , have now been captured on three beautiful sericels . these colorful sericels feature """""""" speed racer """""""" , """""""" racer x """""""" , and """""""" the speed racer family """""""" ! to further enhance the collectible aspects of these sericels , they have been signed by peter fernandez ( the voices of speed and racer x ) , corrine orr ( voices of trixie and spritle ) . the retail value of these fabulous sericels is $ 200 . 00 , what a wonderful gift ! you can choose your favorite sericel for $ 75 . 00 or you may purchase all three for $ 149 . 95 , ( $ 49 . 95 each ) . you can even make three monthly payments of $ 49 . 95 with zero interest . ( shipping and handling is included ) . add to your animation collection free ! as part of this promotion , when you go see this special speed racer sericels and participate in our brief art industry survey , we will give you free of charge an original hand painted cel from the blockbuster teenage mutant ninja turtles series . ( shipping and handling , not included ) . to view speed racer , the free turtle cel survey offer , along with other special offers , please visit us at http : / / www . contemporary-art . cc . you will be glad you did . tell a friend . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = this service is provided by internet marketing technologies usa inc . imt uses in-house targeted email lists . this message is in compliance with the proposed united states federal requirements for commercial email . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = should you wish to be excluded from all imt 's future email campaigns , please send your request to remove @ contemporary-art . cc . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = deleting this message will not inform us of your removal request . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = for additional information see : http : / / www . senate . gov / ~ murkowski / commercialemail / emailamendtext . html = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = company : internet marketing technologies ( usa ) inc . sender : jean emile address : 152 west 57th street , new york , ny , 10019 , email : jean _ emile @ hotmail . com phone : ( 888 ) 877-6834 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
  """",1
  55,""""Subject: re - distribution . . .
   
   hello sir or madam . . . pardon the intrusion . . . i ' ll try to keep this brief . i simply ask of you to inspect this website : http : / / 209 . 149 . 187 . 202 / pentagono / http : / / 209 . 149 . 187 . 202 / pentagono / . the site describes an enormously popular , worldwide wealth re-distribution system . examine its contents . if you are interested in it , please contact me at the email address shown at that site . this system is run by a company named future strategies - owned and operated by 2 good fellows from northern italy . i ' ve been out to visit them , and saw their whole operation . they are enabling many thousands of people from all corners of the world to fulfill their financial dreams and goals . this program is real . since my visit , i too have joined their system . i ' ve seen it work for others and it will work for me . . . . as it will for you should you choose to join . best regards shawn http : / / 209 . 149 . 187 . 202 / pentagono / note : to be removed from any of our subsequent mailings , simply send an empty email to this address only : rempenta @ do-it - now . net . . sending a remove request to the other email address located on the web site will not get you removed
  """",1
  56,""""Subject: do you know his or her background ? ?
   
   locate anyone anywhere in the usa old friends . . . lost loved ones . . . deadbeat dads or moms judgment debtors . . . fugitives our fee is $ 50 . 00 for a guaranteed locate , if you have social security number . our fee is $ 75 . 00 for a guaranteed locate without social security number . what information do i need to do this ? usually not much . depending on what you are looking for , sometimes it just takes a name ! other helpful information may consist of addresses ( last known / current ) , social security number is always very helpful , date of birth , and basically any other information you feel would be of use . other searches we perform are : assets . . . criminal background . . . marriage / divorce . . . workmen compensation . . . business credit reports . . . drivers license records . . . non - published phone numbers . . . national real estate . . . social security death file . . . bankruptcy liens and judgments . . . corporation profiles national . . . credit reports personal or corporation . . . pre - employment background pre - trial comprehensive reports . . . bank asset information . . . safe deposit searches . . . stocks , bonds , etc . * * * * * * * * * * search usa * * * * * * * * * * for more information call ask for michael jenkins call toll free 1-800 - 464-5458 visa . . . mastercard . . . discover cards accepted * * * * * 24 hour service * * * * * 8 = l . dial-access . a
  """",1
  57,""""Subject: who is who ! ! !
   
   this is a responsible email being sent by ac enterprises . 1055 stewart ave . , bethpage , ny 11714 . tel . ( 516 ) 937-9001 . email tnet1 @ prodigy . net . the above statement complies with section 301 requirements relating to transmissions of unsolicited commercial electronic mail . to remove your name from our list immediately , please email : tnet1 @ prodigy . net with remove as the subject . we maintain our lists responsibly , and apologize for any inconvenience . dear candidate , you were recently selected by the office of public affairs for a free listing on the international executive guild 's who 's who cd-rom . http : / / www . app-form - online . com remember , this site is for executives , professionals , & entrepreneurs only ! our public affairs office gathers information from many recognized sources , including professional associations and societies , trade organizations , newspaper and magazine articles , professional reference publications , web presence , and referrals from existing members . as a highly respected professional in your field of expertise , we believe your contributions merit very serious consideration for inclusion on the international executive guild 's who 's who cd-rom . to maintain the level of accuracy , we ask you to click on the web address highlighted below and fill out the brief bit of information required for inclusion . there is no cost or obligation to be listed on the international executive guild 's who 's who cd-rom . all applicants will receive a free gift compliments of the international executive guild . http : / / www . app-form - online . com remember , this site is for executives , professionals , & entrepreneurs only ! my sincere thanks , lorraine a . michaels office of public affairs
  """",1
  58,""""Subject: ^ * ^ * ^ i lost 23 pounds in 4 weeks , so could you ! ! !
   
   eat ! eat ! eat ! and still lose weight ! no joke ! need to lose weight quick ? do n't have time to exercise ? here ' s your answer ! and you can eat as much as you want ! introducing slender now ( tm ) guaranteed weight loss for life ! how confident are we ? . . . in 30 days if you ' re not completely satisfied with this system , send the """""""" empty """""""" bottles back for full refund ! this system is so effective , test subjects typically lose 10 - 15 pounds of fat in the first month ! more importantly , the rebound effect so common with other forms of weight loss has been eliminated . * a no-fail slender now ( tm ) burn , bind , block and build system burn - stimulean ( tm ) - a unique herbal thermogenic formula that allows stored fats to be turned into energy ( see below ) . bind - slenderlean ( tm ) - a unique state-of - the-art fiber-based product that binds up to 40 grams ( 360 fat calories ) of dietary fat from the foods you ' ve just eaten , therefore throwing these excess fat calories out of your body as waste rather than storing them as fat ( see below ) . block - phase ' olean ( tm ) - it 's back ! dr . marshall 's exclusive starch blocker ( tm ) formula has been approved for re-release for the first time in 15 years ! each tablet has the capacity to block the digestion and absorption of more than 100 grams or more than 400 calories of starch ( see below ) . build - aminolyze ( tm ) - this product contains the specific amino acids necessary for your body to make new collagen . it helps maintain lean body mass and build muscle tissue ; very important while losing weight . you burn fat , rather than muscle , which helps to maintain a healthy lean body mass ratio * eat as much as you want ! * your energy level will skyrocket ! * 100 % safe and all natural ! * get results in two weeks ! * 30 day money back guarantee - no questions asked ! * eat as much as you want ! that 's right , you can continue to eat your favorite high calorie foods and still lose weight ! that was mpossible until now ! with the revolutionary slender now ( tm ) system , you can enjoy your favorite foods like steak , pork , eggs and dairy products and still achieve your goal . * 100 % safe and all natural ! the slender now ( tm ) system contains no preservatives , sugar , starch , salt , wheat , yeast , milk , soy derivatives , artificial flavoring or coloring agents . * get results in two weeks ! 90 % of our clients are experiencing incredible results and immediate energy within the first two weeks ! * money back guarantee ! you have 30 days to try the products . if you are less than completely satisfied , send the """""""" empty """""""" bottles back for a full 100 % refund . you have 30 days to try the products at wholesale prices here is what just two people had to say ( and there are many more ) : sharon h . , female , age 44 , real - estate agent , atlanta , ga . """""""" i ' ve lost 23 pounds in four weeks and 2 dress sizes and my husband has lost 15 . we were skeptical because we thought it was another one of those fad diets . however , after researching and experiencing the products , this is going to revolutinalize weight loss . people have been asking me what i ' m doing and when i tell them they do n't believe it , so i just tell them to try it . why not ? it comes with a 100 % money back guarantee ! """""""" stanley k . , male , age 41 , pittsburgh , pa . """""""" these products are amazing ! not only have i lost 15 pounds in first month , my energy level is high and consistent throughout the day . the system is easy ; i ' ve never been able to lose weight like this ! i ' m actually eating more ! this has just blown me away . and the most incredible thing is that i ' ve have n't dieted a bit with the exception of avoiding excess starches . """""""" for free , no obligation information about the slender now ( tm ) system , call toll free : 1-888 - 668-0615 due to the overwhelming response , you may get a busy signal . if you do call 1-888 - 841-6242
  """",1
  59,""""Subject: free internet services & unique shopping
   
   here 's a great directory for free and interesting internet sites ! ! ! visit """""""" mall direct """""""" http : / / 209 . 125 . 202 . 59 this is a fabulous list , please save for future reference . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - to be removed from this list , please enter your e-mail address at http : / / www . remove-list . com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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  60,""""Subject: non - u . s . residents only ! !
   
   non-us networking leaders only ! ! ! dear international leader ! as a non - u . s citizen you are in the right place at the right time ! consider the following : 1 ) do you have local or worldwide international contacts ? 2 ) are you a leader in the international networking marketing field ? 3 ) would you like to establish a worldwide income generator online ? 4 ) are you 18 years or older ? 5 ) do you have a visa or mastercard , with a billing address ourside the usa ? if you answered positively to any of the above , then read on to discover all the reasons that make this opportunity unbeatable in the ever expanding arena of online commerce ! 1998 $ 4 billion in online commerce 2002 $ 40 billion in online commerce at current growth rate ! ! crucial factors : ( for your consideration ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = solid backing : = = = = = = = = = = = = = backed by 8 year old corporation listed on the nasdaq ! ! = = = = = = = = = = = = = = market demand = = = = = = = = = = = = = = billion dollar industry that is showing explosive growth online . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = strategic positioning & perfect timing = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = having the technology , capitalization & experience to take this industry exclusively to the world of network marketing . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = market penetration = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = just launched a few days ago . . . . . . . . . = = = = = = = = act now ! = = = = = = = = to receive more information about this explosive program send and email to . . . . mailto : travel4cash @ iop . com and type """""""" send detailed info """""""" in the subject line . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if for any reason you wish to be removed from this targeted list , click below . . . . and you will be removed immediately . . mailto : outtahere85 @ hotmail . com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",1
  61,""""Subject: hi
   
   get over five million people to send you $ 2 . 00 without spending any money ! absolutely no junk mailing or e-mailing is involved . this complete instruction booklet will show you step by step how to reach over five million people for free , how to get them to each send you $ 2 . 00 , and proof that it works . this simple technique can and will work for you guaranteed ! if you are interested then this booklet can be yours for only $ 3 . 00 . with your package you will receive a phone number and a personalized seven digit code . your address is recorded with your seven digit code so if for any reason you are unsatisfied with the information you receive , call the number , enter in your seven digit code then hang up and your money will be mailed back to you automatically , no questions asked ! you have nothing to lose and everything to gain ! send $ 3 . 00 or any questions to : goldtec publications 15030 ventura blvd , suite 903 sherman oaks , ca 91403 you are not put on to any mailing lists whatsoever . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / this message complies with the proposed united states federal requirements for commercial email plus washington state commercial email bill . for information see : http : / / www . senate . gov / ~ murkowski / commercialemail / emailamendtext . html and for washington state commercial email bill : http : / / ww . wa . gov / wwweb / ago / sender information : goldtec publications , sherman oaks , ca 91403 to stop future mailings from us at no cost to you , please click here to send us an email and type """""""" remove """""""" in the subject line . \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
  """",1
  62,""""Subject: list sale now on , over 50 % off mega lists
   
   order form : all addresses are fresh and cleaned against international remove lists for the best results with the minimum irritation to those who do not wish to receive unsolicited mail . many new mailer programs bypass your isp and send mail direct to the recipient so you do n't need an expensive """""""" bulk-friendly """""""" isp . discs supplied come with a free mailing program , its not the best but will get you started if you do n't have one , it also includes two bulk email software demo 's one of which has a powerful email address extractor to collect your own targeted lists , we now retail both of these software packages . prices are quoted in uk pound sterling / us dollars and are fully inclusive of postage and packing sale sale sale sale sale sale sale sale sale sale sale sale sale mega size list at less than half our regular ( already bargain ) price , limited period only so hurry ! ! ! ! ten million email addresses for only 42 uk pound sterling or 80 u . s . dollars 10 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 42 / $ 80 tick here [ ] regular prices for ordering after 21th september 1998 1 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 15 / $ 35 [ ] 2 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 29 / $ 59 [ ] 3 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 42 / $ 80 [ ] 4 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 54 / $ 102 [ ] 5 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 65 / $ 120 [ ] 6 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 75 / $ 137 [ ] 7 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 84 / $ 152 [ ] 8 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 92 / $ 163 [ ] 9 , 000 , 000 email addresses @ 99 / $ 178 [ ] email address lists are sent as text documents on cd they can be opened with most word processing packages and imported into most databases and bulk email software . we can now accept direct bank transfer payment from outside the uk , go to your bank and ask them to transfer the pound sterling value for the number of email addresses you wish to purchase to the following bank account : account name : prophoto bank sort code : 77 49 08 account number : 90303960 bank details : tsb bank , high street , camberley , surrey england gu15 3sd your bank will work out the currency exchange for you , with the exchange charge you should be paying no more than the prices above for us dollar payments ( these include a currency transfer fee ) make sure you ask for a transaction or reference number , when you send your order ( by post ) be sure to write this number down , its what links your order to your payment . your payment should clear within 24hrs and your email addresses will be dispatched as soon as possible . to order tick the number of addresses you wish to purchase , then fill out the details below and post your order together with payment ( cheques in your own currency or us dollar travelers cheques only please ) made payable to prophoto to : prophoto uk , po box 447 , doman road , camberley , surrey , england gu15 3xd . name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ post / zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i enclose a cheque or have made a bank transfer to the value of ( enter amount ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cheque or bank transfer / reference number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to be removed from our mailing lists please send your email address to the above postal address .
  """",1
  63,""""Subject: specials specials
   
   if you received this message in error , please accept my apologies . great steals and deals : : come and visit our web site and sign up to win a 3 . 2 gig hard drive . . we welcome all reseller to all site linked to this page . . . for over 500 cables ( printer cables , usb cable , plus switch boxes and much much more ) please visit http : / / www . cablemax . com for links to eagle computers look below . . this weeks specials follow : amd k6 266mhz $ 102 . 00 amd k6 300mhz $ 125 . 00 amd k6 - 2 300 mhz 3d cpu $ 159 . 00 amd k6 - 2 333 mhz 3d cpu $ 264 . 00 amd k6 - 2 300mhz 3d system for just $ 699 . 00 amd k6 233mhz system $ 450 24x cdrom cyberdrive $ 40 32x cdrom $ 48 pci lucent 56k modems $ 45 genius 3 - d 16bit sound card $ 13 . 00 multimedia speaker system $ 10 . 00 amd k6 - 2 300mhz 3d cpu + 100mhz motherboard + 4meg agp video card + 16bit sound $ 350 . 00 * * * new * * * at 100mhz motherboard for the amd 3d cpu ' s * * * $ 85 . 00 32 meg edo 60ns memory * * blowout sale * * $ 25 . 00 trident 9685 4 meg s3 virge video card just $ 35 . 00 plus a lot more so please take the time out to visit eagle computers web site . . also do n't forget to sign up to win a 3 . 2 gig hard drive . . . theres just to many deals to list . just hit the link and we will see you there : ) http : / / www . eaglecomp . net / html / newspecials / html / eagle _ computers-specials . cfm to regester for the free prize click here http : / / www . eaglecomp . net
  """",1
  64,""""Subject: call me tonight . . . . .
   
   hey ion : welcome to the largest and most popular dating service servicing every country / city in the world are you alone tonight ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? call now ! ! ! 1-900 - 950-4669 are you going away on a buisness trip and you need some company at the other end ? ? ? ? ? ? find local singles who would like to meet single people just like you . call today and locate the girl or guy of your dreams ! ! ! ! ! ! we have over 3000 new girls daily just in the usa call toll free 1-888 - 448-4688 * * ladies call free * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * if you would like to be removed from our future mailings , please reply with the subject remove , and your email will be entered in the global remove filter . thank you . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",1
  65,""""Subject: futuresignals
   
   this message is being sent to you in compliance with the proposed federal legislation for commercial email ( s . 1618 - section 301 ) . http : / / www . senate . gov / ~ murkowski / commercialemail / emailamendtext . html """""""" pursuant to section 301 , paragraph ( a ) ( 2 ) ( c ) of s . 1618 , further transmissions to you by the sender of this email may be stopped at no cost to you by sending a reply to this email by following the directions below this message . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = attention futures traders receive real - time instant futuresignals over the internet by noted cta . futures traders , our service sends instant futuresignals via the internet as they are generated for the following markets : s&p 500 , nasdaq 100 , e - mini , unique futures trading opportunities . our futuresignals come with profit objectives for scalpers , daytraders and postion traders . we also issue trailing stops and important info we hear in the pits throughout the day . our service has been featured in futures magazine . for a free 3 day trial go to : http : / / www . bulkmate . com / futuresignals / http : / / www . bulkmate . com / futuresignals / futures trading involves risk . only use risk capital . please read cftc disclaimer on our website . to be removed from this list , simply send a blank email to : fsremove @ do-it - now . net note : it is not our intention to infiltrate or advertise to any investing / trading-related discussion groups . if this has been the case , our apologies and please follow the removal instructions above . sent from : futuresignals email : fs @ do-it - now . net address : po box 351 , verplanck , ny , 10596 telephone : 212-501 - 4281
  """",1
  66,""""Subject: what 's new in software ?
   
   would n't it be great if one of the major computer software developers created a software program that would allow you to make mega income with your computer ? guess what . . . . . . it 's been done ! in fact , over the past four years this software has helped over 4000 people worldwide to start remote backup services from their personal computers . this industry leader has developed an automated system that allows your computer and modem to go to work for companies and professionals . . . . . . . and it works while you sleep ! you get everything you need . 1 . software and programming that truly does it all for you . 2 . a way to supply the rapidly growing number of businesses that rely upon us to protect their valuable computer files . 3 . your own technical support and customer service staff to get you started and keep you running smoothly . find out all the details ! ! call now ! 1-901 - 737-8667 ( if you would like a call from us , include your phone number in an e-mail . your number will be kept in strictest confidence . ) reply to : dvinsond @ netscape . net quantum tech , inc . 694 rocky woods cove cordova , tn 38018 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to be added to our remove list , please respond to : southnet @ mailcity . com with remove in the subject line . thank you .
  """",1
  67,""""Subject: amazing health benefits of green tea revealed ! ! !
   
   finally , the simple secret to long-lasting health for you and your family is here ! ! ! and it 's yours free ! ! ! california health advisory report ( cha98-gt ) this exclusive report , prepared by the california health advisory , summarizes research and studies conducted by some of the foremost physicians at renowned medical institutions around the globe , including : * national cancer institute * national institutes of health * medical college of ohio * harvard botanical museum * and many others . . . this report provides in-depth explanations of findings on the truly amazing health benefits of green tea ! these findings include protection against cancer , heart disease , and numerous other ailments . one such study summarized in this report was published in the journal of the national cancer institute and found that daily consumption of green tea """""""" greatly contributes to a reduced incidence of many forms of cancer """""""" . this report is presented in clear , simple language . . . not the usual """""""" foreign """""""" language of medicine . and the green tea it studies is the same green tea found in your local grocery store or coffee shop ! ! ! to receive an electronic copy of this free report , send a one dollar bill ( to cover processing costs , no checks please ) and your e-mail address to : california health advisory attn : free report cha98-gt po box 7944 newport beach , ca 92658-7944 your free report will be sent within 48 hours of receipt of your request . ( this exclusive offer is valid for a limited time only . the california health advisory reserves the right to rescind this offer at any time , upon return of unfulfilled requests . )
  """",1
  68,""""Subject: get your rocks off tonight ! !
   
   for the biggest , boldest , and dirtiest adult site on the net . . . * cum shots * wild orgies * deep throat blow jobs * lesbian action * gays * bondage * fetishes * voyeur * super young teens * hardcore penetration . . . and much , much more ! simply click here and cum on in - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - you were introduced to us as someone who is over 18 and interested in adult related material . if this is not the case , please accept our sincerest appologies . simply click right here and type """""""" remove """""""" in the subject field . this will automatically block you from any future mailings . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",1
  69,""""Subject: futuresignals
   
   this message is being sent to you in compliance with the proposed federal legislation for commercial email ( s . 1618 - section 301 ) . http : / / www . senate . gov / ~ murkowski / commercialemail / emailamendtext . html """""""" pursuant to section 301 , paragraph ( a ) ( 2 ) ( c ) of s . 1618 , further transmissions to you by the sender of this email may be stopped at no cost to you by sending a reply to this email by following the directions below this message . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = attention futures traders receive real - time instant futuresignals over the internet by noted cta . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - futures traders , our service sends instant futuresignals via the internet as they are generated for the following markets : s&p 500 , nasdaq 100 , e - mini we are now in the middle of our 3rd month of service issuing anywhere from 3 - 7 futuresignals per day for dt ( daytraders ) and pt ( position traders ) in these markets . our futuresignals come with profit objectives for scalpers , daytraders and postion traders . we also issue trailing stops and important info we hear in the pits throughout the day . our service has been featured in futures magazine . if you ' re a daytrader or new / seasoned futures trader you owe it to yourself to check out what we offer . for a free 3 day trial go to : http : / / www . bulkmate . com / futuresignals / http : / / www . bulkmate . com / futuresignals / please do n't forget to visit this site and read the exact futuresignals that we issue everyday . you won't trade again without wanting to know what we ' re doing . futures trading involves risk . only use risk capital . please read cftc disclaimer on our website . to be removed from this list , simply send a blank email to : fsremove @ do-it - now . net note : it is not our intention to infiltrate or advertise to any investing / trading-related discussion groups . if this has been the case , our apologies and please follow the removal instructions above . sent from : futuresignals email : fs @ do-it - now . net address : po box 351 , verplanck , ny , 10596 telephone : 212-501 - 4281
  """",1
  70,""""Subject: get your rocks off tonight ! !
   
   for the biggest , boldest , and dirtiest adult site on the net . . . * cum shots * wild orgies * deep throat blow jobs * lesbian action * gays * bondage * fetishes * voyeur * super young teens * hardcore penetration . . . and much , much more ! simply click here to cum in - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - you were introduced to us as someone who is over 18 and interested in adult related material . if this is not the case , please accept our sincerest appologies . simply click right here and type """""""" remove """""""" in the subject field . this will automatically block you from any future mailings . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",1
  71,""""Subject: please read you wont regret it - 22043
   
   our research indicates the following material may be of interest to you . if you prefer not to learn the easy way to make some much needed income , please , simply delete this letter . to further insure you do not get email of this nature , there are several universal """""""" remove """""""" lists you can subscribe to on the internet . i filter all email addresses that i send to against such a """""""" remove """""""" list of over 2 , 000 , 000 subscribers . please accept my apology if this was sent to you in error ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * you are about to make up to $ 50 , 000 - in less than 90 days read the enclosed program . . . then read it again ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this is the letter that got my attention . read on and i ' m sure you will agree that this is a great plan ! dear friend , the enclosed information is something i almost let slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . please do the same . it 's so simple to do . and you won't be left out in the cold to figure it all out yourself . look further down in this letter for the information you will receive from abot marketing . they give you 10 , 000 fresh email addresses and give you the locations of the best software ( free software ) to send out large quantities of email . ( normally this kind of software is several hundred dollars ) they even give you easy to understand , proven , step by step instructions for success with this program . in fact , they helped me get started and i ' m so thankful . it 's hard to believe that this as simple as it is , but it really is simple . you will even get support from them via email anytime you need it . you won't get this kind of help from other programs of this nature . it makes all the difference in the world . my name is anne bowman . i am 31 - year-old graduate student desperately trying to finish my degree and begin working in my chosen field that is , if i am lucky enough to find a job in the crowded market . like most people in this day and age , it is hard to make ends meet , and being a student does not help the situation at all ( if i ever have to buy one more box of macaroni and cheese i think i would have to scream ) . i returned to school after having worked for several years with little potential for achieving what i had expected out of life . i figured if i returned to school and received my ph . d there would be several opportunities for me out there to achieve my goals . after seeing my fellow graduate students receive their degrees and , depressingly , not find respectable positions in their chosen field i began to think , """""""" oh no not again ! """""""" four extra years in school and an extra $ 20 , 000 in student loans on top of the first $ 18 , 000 , what will i do if the same happens to me ? """""""" i began to doubt my patience for the long term investment in schooling , and decided enough was enough , """""""" why can't i make real money now instead of waiting to graduate with no guarantee of a lucrative return for all of my efforts ! """""""" i am writing to share my experience with other hopeful students out there , as well as anyone looking for an opportunity to take their financial situation into their own hands . i hope you will consider this opportunity seriously and that this will change your life forever ! . , financially ! ! ! and once you get started it takes so little of your time . in mid october 97 i received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off a mailing list . i took this as a sign ! ! ! after reading it several times , to make sure i was reading it correctly , it made perfect sense . here was a money-making phenomenon . i could invest as much as i wanted to start ( about as much as it costs for a pizza ! ) , without putting me further in debt . after i got a pencil and paper and figured it out , i would at least get my money back . after determining that the program is legal and not a chain letter , i decided """""""" i have nothing to lose """""""" . initially i sent 15 , 000 emails , ( without any costs to me ) only a couple of hours of my time on-line . the great thing about email is that i did n't need any money for printing to send out the program , only the time to fulfil my orders . there is a vast on-line market available to everyone who owns a computer . following the advice of the person from whom i received this letter , i am telling you like it is , and i hope it does n't turn you off , but i promised myself i would not """""""" rip-off """""""" anyone , no matter how much money it cost me ! after you receive the reports they should explain everything to you . you may have some general questions , however , and after i send you report # 1 , please feel free to contact me and i will give you any advice you need . in one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by mid november , i had received 40 orders for report # 1 . when you read the guarantee in the program you will see that """""""" you must receive 15 to 20 orders for report # 1 within 2 weeks if you don ' t send out more programs until you do ! """""""" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in 20 to 90 days was done . by the beginning of december , i had received 174 orders for report # 2 . if you go back to the guarantee . """""""" you must receive 100 or more orders for report # 2 within two weeks . if not send out more programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goal """""""" . well , i had 174 orders for report # 2 , 74 more than i needed . so i sat back and relaxed . by january 20th , of my emailing of 15 , 000 , i received $ 54 , 000 with more coming in ever day . the great thing about this program is you can begin the process over and over again without any limit on potential income ! i paid off all my student loans , and together with everything i have learned in school , i am now saving in order to open up my own business related to my field as soon as i graduate . please take time to read the attached program . it will change your life forever ! remember , it won't work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place on the list . it does n't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! report # 2 explains this . always follow the guarantee , 15 to 20 orders of report # 1 and 100 or more orders for report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or more in 20 to 90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i ' m sorry , it really is a great opportunity with little cost or risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to financial security . to my fellow graduate students out there , good luck to you and i sympathise . and to all other persons in financial trouble consider this letter a sign and please take advantage of this opportunity . you won ' t be disappointed ! sincerely , anne bowman the following testimonial was at the bottom of this letter but it was too good to leave down there so i moved it up here . it is exactly how i felt at first and feel now . """""""" the first week after i started this program was torture . i could n't wait to see if it was really going to work after i mailed out my first batch of letters . i chuckle every day now when i walk out of the post office with my envelopes . this is so easy , i still can't believe it 's happening ! """""""" don masterson , troy , ny $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ > from here down is the instruction portion of this letter . . . this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then read it again ! ! ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its ability to generate large amounts of cash . this program is showing fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go to the bank ! this truly is that lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow the easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams will come true ! when followed correctly , this electronic , multi-level marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , cars , etc . , - even retire ! this is your chance , so do n't pass it up ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary electronic multi-level marketing program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - basically , this is what we do : we send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level businesses , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new multi - level business online ( via your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive via """""""" snail mail """""""" will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they ordered . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the most easiest electronic multi-level marketing business anywhere ! follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if you do n't order them ) . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose name appears on the list next to the report . * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save them on your computer and resell them . * within a few days you will receive , via e-mail , each of the four reports . save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in steps """""""" a """""""" through """""""" d """""""" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , you will understand why it doesn ' t work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , replace the name and address under report # 1 with your name and address , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . c . move the name and address that was under report # 2 down to report # 3 . d . move the name and address that was under report # 3 down to report # 4 . e . the name and address that was under report # 4 is removed from the list and has no doubt collected their 50 grand . please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address accurately ! ! ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this letter . 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the internet ! advertising on the internet is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise , but email has , by far , proven itself to be the best medium for this program . and the emailers best friend is e-mail lists . you can buy these lists for under $ 20 / 20 , 000 addresses or you can pay someone a minimal charge to take care of the mailing for you . be sure to start your ad campaign immediately ! each day that passes while you think about it is a day without profit . 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report - always send your order via first class mail - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets of paper - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and ( c ) your postal address . ( using your printer is the best way to do this ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """""""" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multilevel sales """""""" order report # 1 from : b . k . 19785 w . 12 mile road # 871 southfield , mi 48076 usa * * * * * important note * * * * * - us dollar currency only please - once again , make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least """""""" two """""""" sheets of paper _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """""""" major corporations and multilevel sales """""""" order report # 2 from : n . k . l serangoon central post office po box 750 singapore 915509 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """""""" sources for the best mailing lists """""""" order report # 3 from : christian s po box 1092 , jkb 11010 indonesia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """""""" evaluating multilevel sales plans """""""" order report # 4 from : j . f . j p . o . box 342 mccormick , sc 29835-0342 usa * * * * * important note * * * * * my personal success is due to sending out emails to prospective participants , i am happy to help you get started by giving you 10 , 000 free current email addresses and giving you the location of several free programs that will allow you to send out large quantities of e-mail easily . i will email the fresh addresses and software information to you the same day i receive your report request . just jot down """""""" free help please """""""" on the report request that you send with your $ 5 . in many cases i can take care of your mailing for you at no charge . you will receive my real email address when i send you this report and you can contact me for any questions you may have . ( program participants , you may leave this offer with my name as i am moved down the list . i will honor it for the duration of the program . just move it down , with my name , to the next position when you send out your first mailings . ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only 10 down line members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think about it ! your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 for a chance to make $ 55 , 000 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 3 shows you the most productive methods for bulk e-mailing and purchasing e-mail lists . some list & bulk e-mail vendors even work on trade ! about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . code , also code of federal regs . vol . . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which state that """""""" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . """""""" * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : i can ' t stress enough how important this next section is ! ! ! ! if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! note : if you need help with starting a business , registering a business name , how income tax is handled , etc . , contact your local office of the small business administration ( a federal agency ) for free help and answers to questions . also , the internal revenue service offers free help via telephone and free seminars about business taxes . * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * the first week after i started this program was torture . i could n't wait to see if it was really going to work after i mailed out my first batch of letters . i chuckle every day now when i walk out of the post office with my envelopes . this is so easy , i still can't believe it 's happening ! don masterson , troy , ny this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving """""""" junk mail . """""""" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population and percentages involved . i """""""" knew """""""" it would n't work . doris totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old """""""" i told you so """""""" on her when the thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i have joined doris in her """""""" hobby . """""""" i did have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the """""""" rat race """""""" and it 's not for me . we owe it all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md i just want to pass along my best wishes and encouragement to you . any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . i even checked with the u . s . post office to verify that the plan was legal . it definitely is ! it works ! ! ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i surprised when i found my medium-size post office box crammed with orders ! for awhile , it got so overloaded that i had to start picking up my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't matter where in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to contact to get another copy , so i had to wait until i was e-mailed another program . 11 months passed then it came . . . i did n't delete this one ! . . . i made more than $ 41 , 000 on the first try ! ! wilburn , muncie , in this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! ! !
  """",1
  72,""""Subject: who is who ! ! !
   
   this is a responsible email being sent by ac enterprises . 1055 stewart ave . , bethpage , ny 11714 . tel . ( 516 ) 937-9001 . email tnet1 @ prodigy . net . the above statement complies with section 301 requirements relating to transmissions of unsolicited commercial electronic mail . to remove your name from our list immediately , please email : tnet1 @ prodigy . net with remove as the subject . we maintain our lists responsibly , and apologize for any inconvenience . dear candidate , you were recently selected by the office of public affairs for a free listing on the international executive guild 's who 's who cd-rom . http : / / members . bulnet . com / biz / whowho / remember , this site is for executives , professionals , & entrepreneurs only ! our public affairs office gathers information from many recognized sources , including professional associations and societies , trade organizations , newspaper and magazine articles , professional reference publications , web presence , and referrals from existing members . as a highly respected professional in your field of expertise , we believe your contributions merit very serious consideration for inclusion on the international executive guild 's who 's who cd-rom . to maintain the level of accuracy , we ask you to click on the web address highlighted below and fill out the brief bit of information required for inclusion . there is no cost or obligation to be listed on the international executive guild 's who 's who cd-rom . all applicants will receive a free gift compliments of the international executive guild . http : / / members . bulnet . com / biz / whowho / remember , this site is for executives , professionals , & entrepreneurs only ! my sincere thanks , lorraine a . michaels office of public affairs
  """",1
  73,""""Subject: the hottest new business opportunity on the internet ! ! !
   
   ' anyone ' can do this ! * no phone calls * * no quotas * * no meetings * * fantastic pay * top secrets the fastest , easiest money making system ever ! my sponser earned $ 11 , 000 in his 1st month just by referring people to our 800 number ! if you can give out an 800 # , you can make some serious money with this program ! our professional staff will handle your calls and close your sales ! it """""""" s just that easy ! if you want to make some serious money fast , but do n't have the time to invest , this is for you ! multiple $ 100 fast start bonuses - paid weekly ! call toll free 1-800 - 226-0633 code # 59303 - a the company is experiencing explosive growth , so please be patiently persistant when calling . i ' m certain you ' ll agree it was worth your time ! """""""" we close all sales for you """""""" * we talk to them * * we close them * * you make multiple $ 100 commissions * join us today ! 1-800 - 226-0633 code # 59303 - a * visa * mastercard * american express * check by fax / phone * fax on demand 1-415 - 273-6020 top secrets representives company fax 1-785 - 762-6716 can attest to the sucess they are experiencing canada ( toll free ) 1-800 - 588-9768 call toll free : code # 59303 - a * million dollar marketing outside us and canada 1-913 - 762-2442 1-888 - 446-6951 code # 59303 - a * richard fascheti 1-888 - 446-6949 * gay dietsch 1-888 - 703 = 5389 * jeff gardner 1-888 - 731-3457 * william solder 1-888 - 269-7961 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",1
  74,""""Subject: adv : ~ ~ ~ instant publisher press release ~ ~ ~
   
   operate your own home-based publishing business ( el cerrito , ca - - september , 1998 ) contact : maldon enterprise p . o . box 623 - net el cerrito , ca 94530 this is a """""""" one time message """""""" . there is no need to reply to remove , you will receive no further mailings regarding this product . print this message for future reference ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the """""""" instant publisher cd-rom """""""" can be the """""""" means of success """""""" to operating your own self-publishing operation . this cd 's 750 how - to books , reports , and manuals are up-to - date , written and edited by some of the most experienced direct mail professionals in the industry . it 's professionally designed for the novice and expert mail order dealer alike . * * * * * perhaps you only need information on how to get started . here 's how . . . . . visit this web site and preview these proven reports that are available now ! many of the reports contain advice , tips , and step-by - step suggestions for starting and operating a wide-range of home businesses . whatever your readers ' needs or interests , they are sure to find a full spectrum of topics they ' ll want to read . and that can mean big profits for you ! begin your own self-publishing business with the """""""" instant publisher """""""" cd-rom . and that 's not all . . . . . order your instant publisher cd today for $ 59 . 00 and receive the """""""" greatest computer games """""""" cd ; a collection of 500 computer games . this cd has games in every category ( action , adventure , board , education and strategy ) . it 's jam-packed with the hottest dos , windows , & windows 95 games . no matter what your gaming interest or age group , there is something for you on this cd . visit the """""""" instant publisher cd-rom """""""" web site at http : / / members . aol . com / pubcdrom / index . html
  """",1
  75,""""Subject: dental - optical plan
   
   hello , we work with a group of your local doctors and dentists who would like to offer you a dental - optical plan that runs approximately $ 2 a week for an individual and $ 3 a week for the entire family . for further details please call : 1-800 - 463-6021 toll free please refer to id code emjc56 p . s . call in for details before may 13 , 1998 and with your dental plan receive the optical plan free ! thank you .
  """",1
  76,""""Subject: are you serious about your future ?
   
   the future is here now , and with it comes your opportunity to capitalize on the fastest growing enterprises in history ! electronic commerce on the internet is estimated to grow to $ 327 billion by 2003 . the worldwide market for phone service is projected to be over $ 2 trillion , and deregulation of electric utilities in the us will open up a $ 250 billion market . an opportunity now exists to capitalize on these exploding markets , and build a residual income for your future . our goal is to offer virtually every connection that comes into the home or office , offer the consumer a savings , and at the same time create a lucrative on-going bonus system for the entrepreneurs who help grow the company . when your customers make on-line purchases , you earn commissions . imagine the potential ! this is a ground floor opportunity with an established billion - dollar international networking giant , and we need independent marketers . because this is an internet - based business , there are virtually no geographic boundaries to limit your growth . if you can see the potential here , and if you want more information , i urge you to contact us . the future is here , are you ready for it ? call toll free 1-888 - 673-9413 , and leave your name , area code and phone number , with the best time to reach you , and one of our representatives will contact you .
  """",1
  77,""""Subject: consolidate debts , home improvements
   
   this is a limited-time offer for homeowners only . ( remove instructions are at the bottom of this email ) as a homeowner you are entitled to a free consultation . are you interested in home improvements , consolidating your monthly bills and reducing your payments ? do you have an unanticipated need for at least $ 25 , 000 for any reason ? are you the owner / occupant of a single family , free standing residence ? these days , it 's more important than ever to know how to get the most out of owning a home . to help you do just that , we ' ve created a variety of unique financing programs and options . remember : this valuable information is absolutely free ! learn how to : * get 24-hour pre-approval * get up to $ 80 , 000 with no equity * consolidate bills * make home improvements * pay for college * buy a new car , boat , or even 2nd home * * * save thousands yearly in interest payments * * * even if : * you ' re self-employed * have heavy debt * have been previously declined * you can ' t prove all your income plus , on certain programs , there 's : * no prepayment penalty * no appraisal required thousands of people just like you have already responded and have been helped . however , this offer may not be available indefinitely , so act now . to receive your complimentary and confidential consultation , click on a highlighted link below http : / / www . asset-max . com / cgi-bin / ph ? asmv01980408ln1 = vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx ( if your mail reader does not support clickable links , copy the above url into your web browser ) you may also simply email your reply , or reply by voice on our 24 hour message machine at ( 800 ) 522-7772 , with the following information : name : street address : city : state : zip : home phone : ( best time for a senior loan officer to call ) : business phone : ( best time for a senior loan officer to call ) : estimated current market value of home : estimated current mortgage balance : amount to borrow : find out what you qualify for - - know your options ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - this mailing is intended to be of interest to a large audience and to communicate a valuable offer . if you have no interest in this offer , be advised that other valuable promotions will be featured in future mailings which may be of interest to you . however , if you have no desire to receive offers of value from us in the future , please email us with """""""" remove """""""" as the subject and you will be removed from this mailing list . click below to remove yourself from this mailing . http : / / www . asset-max . com / cgi-bin / ph ? asmv01980408rem = vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx copyright 1998 asset max . the information contained in this email message may not be published , broadcast , rewritten , or otherwise distributed without the express written consent of asset max . offer void where prohibited by law .
  """",1
  78,""""Subject: $ 7 money maker and e - mail service
   
   please follow the instructions of this letter very carefully . immediately print it and read twice . greetings hopefully my name is still on the list below . i am a retired attorney , and about two years ago a man came to me with a letter . the letter he brought me is the same as the letter in front of you now . he asked me to verify the fact that this letter was legal . i told him that i would review it and get back to him . when i first read the letter i thought it was some off-the - wall idea to make money . a week later i met again with my client to discuss the issue . i told him that the letter originally brought to me was not 100 % legal . my client asked me to alter the letter to make it 100 % legal . i advised him to make a small change in the letter and it would be all right . i was curious about the letter , so he told me how it works . i thought it was a long shot , so i decided against participating . before my client left , i asked him to keep me updated as to his results . about two months later he called to tell me that he had received over $ 800 , 000 in cash ! ! ! i didn t believe him , so he asked me to try the plan and see for myself . i thought about it for a few days and decided that there was not much to lose . i followed his instructions exactly and mailed out 200 letters . sure enough the money started coming in ! it came slowly at first , but after three weeks i was getting more than i could open in a day . after about three months the money stopped coming . i kept a precise record of my earnings and at the end it totaled $ 868 , 439 . 00 . i was earning a good living as a lawyer , but as anyone in the legal profession will tell you , there is a lot of stress that comes with the job . i told myself if things worked out i would retire from practice and play golf . i decided to try the letter again , but this time i sent out 500 letters . well , three months after that i had totaled $ 2 , 344 , 178 . 00 ! i just couldn t believe it . i met my old client for lunch to find out how this works . he told me that there were a few similar letters going around . what made this one different is the fact that there are seven names on the letter , not five like most others . that fact alone resulted in more returns . the other factor was the advice i gave him in making sure the whole thing was perfectly legal , since no one wants to risk doing anything illegal . i bet now you are curious about what little changes i told him to make . well , if you send a letter like this out , to be legal , you must sell something if you expect to receive a dollar . i told him that anyone sending a dollar out must receive something in return . so , when you send a dollar to each of the seven names on the list , you must include a slip of paper saying please put me on your mailing list and include your name , mailing address and e-mail address ( your phone # is optional ) . this is the key to the program ! the item you will receive for your dollar you send to the seven names below , is this letter and the right to earn thousands . we will be working together to improve each other s lives ! follow the simple instructions below exactly , and in less than three months you will receive over $ 800 , 000 . 00 guaranteed ! ! ! ! a ) immediately send $ 1 . 00 to each of the seven people listed below . wrap the dollar in a note ( typed or handwritten ) saying please add me to your mailing list and include your name , mailing address , and e-mail address . your phone number is optional . 1 - lbm enterprises 167 hamilton st . oceanside , ca 92054 2 - cms cybermart po box 153 linden , tx 75563 3 - kln 6719 s . 109th e ave . tulsa , ok 74133 4 - w . f . h . po box 774 butler , nj 07405 5 - m . bird 658 shenandoah ave . san marcos , ca 92069 6 - mtc 15 hartack ct . baltimore , md 21236 7 - jtk po box 21177 st . petersburg , fl 33742-1177 b ) remove the name next to # 1 at the top of the list and move the rest of the names up on position . then place your name in the # 7 spot . this is best done by saving this to a file and entering in your information on line # 7 . be very careful when you type the addresses and proof read them . c ) when you have completed the above instructions you have options of mailing your new letter in two ways : 1 ) through us postal service or 2 ) through e - mail . this letter has been proven perfectly legal for both ways as long as you follow the above instructions , because you are purchasing membership in our exclusive mailing list . to mail this out over the internet , you could browse through areas and find people to send this to all the time . all you have to do is cut and paste e-mail addresses wherever you are on the internet . remember , it doesn t cost anything to mail on the internet . or you can use a mass e - mail network to mail it out in large volumes for you . we highly recommend this one . they always e-mail more than the amount you purchase and their addresses are fresh . e - mail this letter to them with your name and address in position # 7 above . call this bulk e-mail company now ! they have the lowest rates on the net . they are fast , give effective returns and provide excellent service . ( 760-430 - 1067 ) * * you will want to e-mail this to as many people as you can . this will bring you big payoffs . this company has been most effective for this program . * * * keep in mind that there is no limit to the amount of names you could send out . the more names you send the more money you will make . we strongly encourage you to mail this letter to family and friends and relatives as well . * * * this is a service and is 100 % legal ! ! ! ( refer to title 18 , section 1302 & 1342 of the u . s . postal and lottery laws ) assume , for example , you get a 7 . 5 % return rate , which is very conservative . my first attempt was about 9 . 5 % and my second time was over 11 % . 1 ) when you mail out 200 letters , 15 people will send you $ 1 . 00 2 ) those 15 people mail out 200 letters and 225 people send you $ 1 . 00 3 ) those 225 people mail out 200 letters and 3 , 375 people send you $ 1 . 00 4 ) those 3 , 375 people mail out 200 letters and 50 , 625 people send you $ 1 . 00 5 ) those 50 , 625 people mail out 200 letters and 759 , 373 people send you $ 1 . 00 6 ) those 759 , 375 people mail out 200 letters and 11 , 390 , 625 people send you $ 1 . 00 at this point your name drops off the list . think about it . with only the first six levels you have received over $ 813 , 615 . 00 ! ! ! it works every time , but how well depends on how many letters you send out . in the example above , you mailed out 200 letters ; if you mailed out 500 letters , you would have received over $ 2 , 006 , 917 . 00 . check the math yourself . i want you to , but i guarantee it is correct ! ! with this kind of return , you ve got to try it . try it once and you will do it again - - guaranteed ! ! ! just make sure you send a dollar to each of the seven names on the list with a note to be added to their mailing list . together we will all prosper ! ! ! p . s . you ve read this far , so let me ask you one simple question . q : what have you got to lose ? a : only $ 7 . 00 what you can gain is an income , like the example in this letter . very small risk . very small expense . huge potential returns ! ! ! what do you really have to lose ? i invite you to join our mailing list today ! ! wishing you happy success and an excellent1998 . p . p . s we have a 95 % return at this point ! ! ! if you need a company to send out bulk e-mails for you call cyber bulk at 760-460 - 1067 . they provide an excellent service and have the lowest prices on the net ! !
  """",1
  79,""""Subject: free quote ! save up to 60 % on term life insurance !
   
   do you want life insurance from the best companies at the lowest price ? companies like : security connecticut , federal kemper , lincoln benefit life , life of virginia , the equitable , and many , many others ! to receive your free no obligation quote from a licensed insurance professional in your state click here for our quote request form : compare your current coverage to these sample 10 - year level term monthly premiums for super-preferred non-smokers . ( sample smoker rates available as well ) age $ 100 , 000 $ 250 , 000 $ 500 , 000 male female male female male female 30 $ 10 . 00 $ 10 . 00 $ 17 . 00 $ 15 . 00 $ 28 . 00 $ 24 . 00 40 $ 12 . 00 $ 11 . 00 $ 21 . 00 $ 19 . 00 $ 36 . 00 $ 32 . 00 50 $ 21 . 00 $ 17 . 00 $ 44 . 00 $ 33 . 00 $ 82 . 00 $ 59 . 00 60 $ 43 . 00 $ 29 . 00 $ 99 . 00 $ 63 . 00 $ 193 . 00 $ 119 . 00 are you paying too much for coverage ? chances are we can help ! with past cases , our insurance professionals have saved their clients as much as 60 % in annual premiums ! reply for a free rate quote today ! who are we ? lifenet imarketing group , llc . is an independent marketing firm , representing licensed insurance professionals across the united states . our clients shop the market for you to offer the lowest priced """""""" a """""""" and above rated life insurance compan ies in your state ! why waste your time and money with a one-company agent ? to receive your free no obligation quote from a licensed insurance professional in your state , you may either click here for our quote request form : or 1 ) . drag across the following questionnaire ( select it ) 2 ) . hit the reply button . ( make sure that your to : field reads life @ ileads . com ! ) 3 ) . answer the following questions . ( note : all fields must be filled out for an accurate quote ) 1 ) . your name : 2 ) . date of birth : 3 ) . do you use any tobacco products ? 4 ) . if yes , describe : 5 ) . height : 6 ) . weight : 7 ) . male or female ? 8 ) . city / state of residence : 9 ) . contact phone number ( important ) ( day / evening ) : 10 ) . amount of life insurance you 'd like . ( note : financial planners suggest 5 to 10 times your annual income as a good rule of thumb , e . g . $ 250 , 000 , $ 500 , 000 , $ 1 , 000 , 000 ) : 11 ) . type of life insurance you 'd like ? ( e . g . whole life , universal life , term insurance ? ) 12 ) . what is the primary purpose of your life insurance policy , ( please mark one or more below ) : a . income to family in case of death _ _ _ _ b . mortgage protection _ _ _ _ c . child 's education _ _ _ _ d . estate protection _ _ _ _ e . to replace existing insurance _ _ _ _ 13 ) . amount of insurance in force now ? 14 ) . premium you ' re now paying per year ? 15 ) . when did you last apply for life insurance ? 16 ) . to which companies ? 17 ) . what was the outcome ? 18 ) . what are your particular health problems ? ( please be specific in order to receive an accurate quote ) . 19 ) . do you take any medications ( other than over the counter ) ? 20 ) . if so , provide the drug name and dosage : 21 ) . do any members of your immediate family have a history of heart disease , or cancer ? if so describe : 22 ) . the last four digits of your social security number : ( the last four digits of your social security number are used for internal tracking purposes only ) . remember . . . . what do you have to lose shopping hassle free by e-mail ? * all quotes shown are from insurance companies rated a - , a , a + or a + + by a . m . best company ( a registered rating service ) and include all fees and commissions . actual premiums and coverage availability will vary depending upon age , sex , state availability , health history and recent tobacco usage . * * this is not an offer to buy insurance products , but merely a confidential informational inquiry . accordingly , lifenet imarketing group , llc . is not hereby endorsing or recommending any specific insurance company , coverage or policy type . * * * lifenet imarketing group , llc . is an independent information gathering firm . all information submitted is strictly confidential , and is transferred to licensed insurance professionals in your state of residence who will contact you and return your completed quote directly . * * * * to be removed from any further communications from lifenet imarketing group , llc . please click here and type remove in the subject field . copyright 1997 lifenet imarketing group , llc . the information contained in this email message may not be published , broadcast , rewritten , or otherwise distributed without the express written consent of lifenet imarketing group , llc .
  """",1
  80,""""Subject: infoseek ultimate ; new features , same site design
   
   infoseek user : the infoseek coporation has released infoseek ultimate ; this is the same great infoseek you have grown to love , but it is even better ! more features , more services ( such as free email accounts ! ! ) , and best of all it is easier to use . you are invited to visit infoseek ultimate by following the instructions below . please follow them carefully , as visiting the standard """""""" infoseek . com """""""" address will not display infoseek ultimate . 1 . visit infoseek ultimate 's newest sponser """""""" jim carrey world """""""" at """""""" http : / / www . jimcarreyworld . com """""""" . 2 . at the bottom of the """""""" jim carrey world """""""" main page , there will be a banner graphic for standard infoseek . click on the banner to be redirected to infoseek ultimate . again , you must follow the above instructions in order to access infoseek ultimate . infoseek ultimate will not be available at the standard """""""" infoseek . com """""""" domain until mid - june . basically , you are getting a """""""" sneak peek """""""" of the future of infoseek . thank you for using infoseek ( & infoseek ultimate ) , john waltrip , infoseek promotions jwaltrip @ infoseek . com
  """",1
  81,""""Subject: $ name
   
   nlpeople my 12 year old can make money with this software ! and she is ! free download at : http : / / members . tripod . com / ~ business _ opps _ 2 / psa1 . htm
  """",1
  82,""""Subject: l @ @ k , we have all your needs < advertise today ! !
   
   100 , 000 e - mail addresses for only $ 20 , please call about other products too ! such as , express mail server for $ 150 . 00 , gold rush for $ 300 . 00 , and much more ! ! this message was brought to you by express mail server for your own copy of express mail server contact : 1-888 - 398-9866 100 , 000 e - mail addresses for only $ 20 . 00 brand new fresh e - mail addresses sound like a great deal ? order below 100 , 000 e - mail addresses only $ 20 . 00 200 , 000 e - mail addresses only $ 35 . 00 300 , 000 e - mail addresses only $ 45 . 00 400 , 000 e - mail addresses only $ 55 . 00 500 , 000 e - mail addresses only $ 60 . 00 custom targeted addresses available call us for current pricing ! * * * * * * * * * * can't do the mailings yourself ? * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * let us do your e - mailings for you , trial prices only ! we are now excepting 10 more new accounts ! ! 100 , 000 mailings only $ 50 . 00 . . . . . . . . . . call us for details 200 , 000 mailings only $ 75 . 00 . . . . . . . . . . call us for details 300 , 000 mailings only $ 125 . 00 . . . . . . . . call us for details * * * * * long term prices start at 1 . 2 million emails for only $ 400 . 00 * * * * order now ! ! call for the advertising too ! ! ! ! ! call 1-888 - 398-9866 ( this is an unlimited call toll number ) we can even offer you an unlimited toll free number for only $ 30 . 00 a month ! ! please include your e-mail address to receive the addresses ! ! ! ! ! * * * we accept visa / mastercard * * * thank you , worldwide marketing inc .
  """",1
  83,""""Subject: your free info .
   
   dear nlpeople , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - we were recently given your email address as someone who may be interested in exciting new opportunities . if this is an error , and you are no longer interested , please hit reply , and type remove in the subject line , and you will be removed immediately from our database . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - please , please do yourself the biggest favor of your life and keep this letter until you have the time to read it carefully . you already took the time to go through your mail to decide what to keep ( and what to throw away ) , and this just may be what you ' ve been looking for all your life . do n't risk losing what could be your best chance at real security and happiness by assuming anything at this point . please read this entire letter very carefully before you make any rash judgments . we promise that you ' ll thank us for it later ! how ' s life been treating you ? * do you have enough money in the bank to support yourself and your family for a year ( or more ) if you were to lose your job ? * could you survive a major unexpected expense without going deeper in debt or filing bankruptcy ? * can you afford a nice vacation every year without floating a loan ? * do you have a realistic and affordable way to earn a second cash income in excess of $ 200 , 000 per year ? if you would like to answer yes to any or all of these questions , then you need respond with the subject """""""" big money """""""" , because we ' re going to give you a large dose of genuine honesty and explain how you can easily and substantially improve your financial outlook . thank you and god bless opportunity shop online
  """",1
  84,""""Subject: success guaranteed ! ! !
   
   our research indicates the following material may be of interest to you . if you prefer not to learn the easy way to make some much needed income , please , simply delete this letter . to further insure you do not get email of this nature , there are a couple universal """""""" remove """""""" lists you can subscribe to on the internet . i filter all email addresses that i send to against such a """""""" remove """""""" list of over 1 , 000 , 000 subscribers . please accept my apology if this was sent to you in error ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * you are about to make at least $ 50 , 000 - in less than 90 days . read the enclosed program . . . then read it again ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dear friend , the enclosed information is something i almost let slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . my name is paul campo . i am 23 yrs . old and presently a tennis instructor . i graduated 1 1 / 2 years ago from rutgers university with a psychology degree . not wanting to pursue with my major of study , i started interviewing with various companies . i was accepted / rejected at many different places , mainly insurance and storkbroking companies . every place basically said the same thing . . . . . you will have to work 60-80 hours a week intially with little pay and to write down every person that i know so that i could make them possible future clients . in no way am i a lazy person , however , i am very motivated when i believe in what i am doing . i had no interest in these careers . what would be ideal for me is to delay my career for a little while so that i could pursue my own goals and dreams i had set for myself for as long as i can remember . i want to travel around the would and play some smaller professional tennis tournaments . the one problem with this is . . . . . . . . . . . . . money ! . . . . . . . . . . to make a long story short , because of this program , this year , will be going to austrailia , california , florida and missouri for a mouth a piece to play the tennis ciruit . i figure this will all cost me about $ 10-12000 which is easily affordable for me now . because i took a $ 20 """""""" risk """""""" , i now have a chance to pursue my dreams . i ' m happy as a clam . i received this program via e-mail . all of the programs i had received in the past , in my opinion , were not cost effective . they were ethier too diffcult for me to comprehend or the initial investment was too much for me to risk to see if they worked out or not . even though i was still skeptical , thinging this to be one of the many scam multi-level """""""" opportunities """""""" , i figured $ 20 won't break me and i can throwthis little amount away for that slim chance of making lots of money . but , wait a second . i believe i am an intelligent person and if someone like myself would go for this """""""" scam """""""" , i think many people would think the same way i do . even if it did ' t work out , i figured that i would at least get my money back . but like i was saying , in september of 1997 , i received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off of a mailing list . thank goodness for that ! ! ! after reading it several times , to make sure i was reading it correctly , i could n't believe my eyes . after detrerminging that the program is legal and not a chain letter , i decided """""""" why not """""""" initially i sent 10 , 000 e-mails . the great thing about e-mail is that i did n't need any money for printing to send out the program . i am telling you like it is . i hope it does n't turn you off but i promised myself i would not rip anyone off . in less than one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by october 13th , i had received 26 orders for report # 1 . when you read the guarntee in the program you will see that """""""" you must receive 15 to 20 orders for report # 1 within 2 weeks , if you don ' t send outmore programs until you do ! """""""" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in 20to 90 days was done . by november 30th , i had received 196 orders for report # 2 . if you go back to the guarantee . """""""" you must receive 100 ormore orders for report # 2 within two weeks . if not send out more programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goal """""""" . well , i had 196 orders for report # 2 , 96 more than i need . so i sat back and relax . by january19th , of my emailing of 10 , 000 people , i received $ 58 , 000 with more coming in everyday . please take time to read the attached program . it will change your life forever ! remember , it won't work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it excatly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place . it does n't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! report # 2 explains this . always follow the guarantee , 15 to 20 orders of report # 1 and 100 or more orders of report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or morein 20 to 90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i ' m sorry , it reallyis a great opportunity with little cost of risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to finanial security . sincerely , paul campo $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the direction , then read it again ! ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven itsability to generate large amounts of this program is showing fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go to the bank ! this truly is that lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow the easy instruction in this letter , and your financial dreams will come true ! when followed correctly , this electronic , multi-level marketing programworks perfectly . . . 100 % every time ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , car , etc . , - even retire ! this is your chance , so do n't pass it up ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary electronic multi-level marketing program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - basically , this is what we do : we send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that cost next to nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level bussiness by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new multi-level business on-line ( via your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial reports cost $ 5 . 00 each . each ordrer you receive via """""""" snail mail """""""" will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they ordered . to fill each other , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the most easiest electronic multi-level marketingbusiness anywhere ! follow the instructiions to the letter andbe prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * * instruction * * * * * * * * this what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if you do n't order them ) . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose > name appers on the list next to the report . * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save them on your computer and resell them . * within a few days you will receive , via e-mail , each of the four reports . save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send to the 1 , 000 's people who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of people who are listed next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in step """""""" a """""""" through """""""" d """""""" oryou will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way thisworks , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , replace the name andaddress under report # 1 with your name and address , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . c . move the name and address that was under report # 2 down to report # 3 . d . move the name and address that was under report # 3 down to report # 4 . e . the name and address that was under report # 4 is removed from the list and has no doubt collected their 50 grand . please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address accurately ! ! ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no change to the instruction portion of this letter . 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the world wide web ! advertising on the web is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . another avenue which you coulduse for advertising is e-mail lists . you can buy these list for under $ 20 / 2 , 000 addresses or you can pay someone a minimal chage to takecare of it for you . be sure to start your ad campaign > immediately ! 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they sent out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > ailable reports > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report - always send your order via first class mail - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least twosheets of paper - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e - mail address , and ( c ) your postal address . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - report # 1 """""""" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multilevel sales """""""" order report # 1 from : soloman ng 1025 mckay dr . apt # 37 san jose , ca 95131 usa - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - report # 2 """""""" major corporations and multilevel sales """""""" order report # 2 from : pcc po box 3535 margate , nj 08402 usa - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - report # 3 """""""" sources for the best mailing list """""""" order report # 3 from : cunningham marketing po box 3556 farmington hills , mi 48333-3556 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > report # 4 """""""" evaluating multilevel sales plans """""""" order report # 4 from : dare2succeed po box 30306 bethesda , md 20824-0306 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - here ' s how this amaziing plan will make you $ money $ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also assume that everyone else in your orginization getsonly 10 down line members . follow this example to achieve the staggering result below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . $ 5000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - $ 55 , 550 ! remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they > got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think about it ! your cost to participate in this practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 for a chance to make $ 55 , 000 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 3 shows you the most productive methods for bulk e-mailing and purchasing e-mailing list . some list & bulk e-mail vendors even work on trade ! about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the direction accurately . * send for the four reports immidiately so you will have them whenthe orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , section 255 and 436 , which state that """""""" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . """""""" * always provide same-day service on the order you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself amd know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mail and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! note : if you need help with starting a business , registering a business name , how income tax is handled , etc . , contact your local office of the small business administration ( a federal agency ) for free help and answers to questions . also , the internet revenue service offers free help via telephone and free seminars about business taxes . in addition , if you want to get a free web site and want to make money with it , here is what you are looking for . http : / / members . spree . com / yamfung / * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it works . it really is a great oppotunity to make relatively easy money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . sean mclaughlin , jackson , msmy name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving """""""" junk mail . """""""" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population and percentage involed . i """""""" knew """""""" it would n't work . doris totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old """""""" i told you so """""""" on her when the thing did n't work . . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days shehad received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would ' t work . i am a believer now . i have joined doris in her """""""" hobby """""""" . i did have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the """""""" rat race """""""" and it 's not for me . we owe it all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , mdi just want to pass along my best wishes and encouragement to you . any doubts you havev will vanish when your first orders come in . i even checked with the u . s . post office to verify that the plan was legal . it definiely is ! it works ! ! ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me serveral weeks to make up my mind to participate in the plan . but conservative that i am , i decided that i would ' t get enough orders to at lease get my money back . boy , was i suprised when i found my medium-size post office box crammed with orders ! for a while , it got so overloaded that i had to start pickingup my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't matter where in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i woundered if i should n't have given it a try . of cause , i had no idea who to contact to get another copy , so i had to wait until i was e-mailed another program . 11 month passed then it came . . . . i did ' t delete this one ! . . . . i made more than $ 41 , 000 on the first try ! ! wilburn , muncie , in this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden oppotunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , waa order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! ! ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",1
  85,""""Subject: dr . tina s . alster , cosmetic laser surgery , www . skinlaser . com
   
   this is a one time mailing , if you are not interested , simply hit """""""" delete . """""""" the essential guide to cosmetic laser surgery : click here . tina s . alster , m . d . is the founding director of the washington institute of dermatologic laser surgery . she is a lecturer in dermatology at harvard medical school and clinical assistant professor of dermatology and pediatrics at georgetown university medical center . recognized as one of the nation 's leading practitioners of dermatologic laser surgery , in this book she reveals the revolutionary new way to erase wrinkles , age spots , scars , birthmarks , moles and tattoos - - and how not to get burned in the process . a must read for anyone considering cosmetic laser surgery . click here . thank you for your time . michael h . stokes information technology consultant washington institute of dermatologic laser surgery
  """",1
  86,""""Subject: last chance
   
   if you wish to be removed , reply with """""""" remove """""""" as the subject . the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence programs for your ibm pc or compatible and also for macintosh . you can watch them , talk to them , ask them questions , tell them secrets , and relate with them . watch them as you ask them to take off different clothes and guide them through many different activities . watch and participate in the hottest sexual activities available on computer , including : several sexual positions , using many unique toys , even bringing in multiple partners . this is no doubt one of the most realistic , sexually stimulating computer games available . they will remember your name , birthday , your likes and your dislikes . every time you start the program , they say different things , and act differently . each time , they have a different personality . with the vga digital graphics , the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend software have some of the hottest , sexiest graphics out there . and with a soundblaster or compatible card , you can actually hear their voice as they talk to you . this is the first adult software title that was designed for both heterosexual and homosexual people . i would like you to try the actual full copy out before it is put on the market . it will be sold for 1 / 5 of the actual price ( $ 10 . 00 ) until i can get back some information on what people think of the program . please give it a try and write back any comments . thank you . if you are interested and would like to order a copy , then you can read the mailing instructions below . it comes in an unmarked package and you are not put on any mailing lists whatsoever , guaranteed . it will run on any 386 , 486 or higher , and 100 % ibm compatibles . required is vga graphics , and a hard drive . the sound card is optional . macintosh requires at least 4 meg of ram . virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence programs , meaning they are completely interactive . it would be just like if you were talking to someone . you can actually have simple conversations . their attitudes change with the different things you say , so you can say things that will upset them , and then say things that will please them . the more you play / talk with them , the more you learn what they can do , and what they like to do . it really is a blast . with all these movies coming out about virtual reality , it 's amazing to actually have a virtual reality program like this for your own computer . it 's easy to install , and instructions are easy to follow . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ special software offer ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this is to inform you about the new adult game that vcs magazine rated """""""" the best game of """""""" 97 """""""" . """""""" the search for paradise is no doubt one of the greatest xxx adult games available """""""" . the first games where it is as much fun as it is a turn on ! travel the world to every continent , every country you can think of , and meet some of the most beautiful women in existence . these women will treat you like a king and obey your every command . any sexual wish you can think of , these women know it all . there is a different paradise for every guy out there , and this game will have them all . this game uses real models , digital video , and digital sound to make it as realistic as possible . you will feel like you ' re in the same room as the girl you ' re talking to ! ! ! as an added bonus you ' ll receive """""""" club celebrity x """""""" meet , talk to and even have your way with the celebrities of your choice . imagine being in a club with some very beautiful , well known , actual celebrities ! you have seen these girls on t . v . , magazines and billboard ads . now they are on your computer begging for action . this game is hot and once you start playing , you won't be able to stop ! ! ! ~ required : 386 or better , 4 meg ram or better , windows 3 . 1 or higher ( win95 is fine ) , sound card is optional , rom is optional . ( game is given either cd - rom or compressed 3 . 5 """""""" diskettes ) . ~ ~ $ 19 . 95 ! order now and get everything for just $ 24 . 95 ! ! ! ! at your request , the programs can come with a password protection utility that only allows the program to run when the correct password is entered . ( you must be 18 or over to purchase ) please fill out the following form and mail it to the address above . ( feel free to write out the order form by hand ) send payment to : bruce nichols 2155 verdugo blvd . # 522 montrose , ca 91020 your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do you have an ibm ( ) or mac ( ) ? cd rom ( ) or disks ( ) ? ( ) virtual girdfriend or ( ) boyfriend for $ 10 . 00 ( ) * both just $ 15 . 95 ( ) the search for paradise and club celebrity x for $ 19 . 95 ( ) everything ! ! ! the search for paradise , club celebrity x , virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend . > > > > all for just $ 24 . 95
  """",1
  87,""""Subject: do n't just orbit in cyberspace , skyrocket !
   
   launch your online sales into a new stratosphere of growth $ $ $ $ $ . for free . sign up now and get 48 hours of free , no charge access to our sampler database of over 9 million targeted / mass mail friendly email addresses . 100 % risk free offer to you . click _ now
  """",1
  88,""""Subject: re : information requested
   
   hi , my name is john and i ' m 27 years old . last year i was able to make $ 2 million working out of my home , and i 'd like to share with you how i did it . please take a few moments out of your busy life and listen to a short message that will tell you how ! call and listen to it , now at 1-800 - 764-6203 it could change your life !
  """",1
  89,""""Subject: guess who ? ! ? - oqth
   
   http : / / www . lovemenow . com the material on this server is adult oriented and / or sexually explicit , and is related to material of an adult nature . this site provides access to images of nude adults possibly engaging in sexual acts . access is made available only to those who accept the terms of the following agreement : by accepting this agreement , i certify the following : i do not find images of nude adults , adults engaged in sexual acts , or other sexual material to be offensive or objectionable . i am at least 18 years of age and have the legal right to possess adult material in my community . i understand the standards and laws of the community , site and computer to which i am transporting this material , and am solely responsible for my actions . i am not , nor have i ever been employed by a law enforcement agency . i will not attempt to by-pass any security and / or access feature at this site . if i use these services in violation of the above agreement , i understand i may be in violation of local and / or federal laws and am solely responsible for my actions . by logging on , i will have released and discharged the providers , owners and creators of this site from any and all liability which might arise . bookmarking to a page on this server / site whereby this warning page is by-passed shall constitute an implicit acceptance of the foregoing terms herein set forth . http : / / www . lovemenow . com http : / / www . lovemenow . com / cgi-bin / index . pl get you free 3 day trial membership now !
  """",1
  90,""""Subject: on - line sales leads
   
   are you looking for pre-qualified sales leads ? do you want to increase your sales without spending a fortune on advertising that doesn t work , or killing yourself cold-calling ? the lead generator , at www . leadgenerator . com has real sales leads that can help you grow your business . the lead generator is not a mailing list , though , or some place to waste your precious advertising dollars . rather , the lead generator is a patented new online service that actually generates real , high-quality sales leads for your business . no matter what you re selling , the lead generator can help you find qualified prospects who are ready , willing and able to buy 24 hours a day . you save time and money ; reduce cold-calling , advertising , telemarketing , and all of the aggravation , cost and effort that goes with selling . increase your sales , find new markets , identify new prospects , and increase your market share while you reduce your selling costs , shorten your sell-cycle and waste less time and money on unqualified prospects . and the more you use the system , the more leads you ll get . to find out more , aim your web browser to http : / / www . leadgenerator . com on - line sales leads from the lead generator . it s like having someone do all the work for you ! jeff
  """",1
  91,""""Subject: ad : rate increase
   
   save hundreds of dollars per month on your home mortgage or rent payment and other household expenses ! go to : http : / / www . equitybuilder . net offer ends soon !
  """",1
  92,""""Subject: pardon the intrusion but you may want to read the following
   
   / / pardon the intrusion , but you may want to read the following : / / hello ! my name is karen liddell ; i ' m a 35 - year-old mom , wife , and part-time accountant . as a rule , i delete all unsolicited """""""" junk """""""" e-mail and use my account primarily for business . i received what i assumed was this same e-mail countless times and deleted it each time . about two months ago i received it again and , because of the catchy subject line , i finally read it . afterwards , i thought , """""""" ok , i give in , i ' m going to try this . i can certainly afford to invest $ 20 and , on the other hand , there 's nothing wrong with creating a little excess cash . """""""" i promptly mailed four $ 5 bills and , after receiving the reports , paid a friend of mine a small fee to send out some e-mail advertisements for me . after reading the reports , i also learned how easy it is to bulk e-mail for free ! i was not prepared for the results . every day for the last six weeks , my p . o . box has been overflowing with $ 5 bills ; many days the excess fills up an extra mail bin and i ' ve had to upgrade to the corporate-size box ! i am stunned by all the money that keeps rolling in ! my husband and i have been saving for several years to make a substantial downpayment on a house . now , not only are we purchasing a house with 40 % down , we ' re going to venice , italy to celebrate ! i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be prepared to eventually set aside about an hour each day to follow up ( and count your money ! ) , you will make at least as much money as we did . if you can open an envelope , remove the money , and send an e-mail message , then you ' re on your way to thebank . take the time to read this so you ' ll understand how easy it is . if i can do this , so can you ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * print this now for future reference * * * the following income opportunity is one you may be interested in taking a look at . it can be started with very little investment and the income return is tremendous ! ! ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ you are about to make at least $ 50 , 000 in less than 90 days ! please read the enclosed program . . . then read it again ! ! ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legitimate , legal , money making opportunity . it does not require you to come into contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house except to get the mail . if you believe that someday you ' ll get that big break that you ' ve been waiting for , this is it ! simply follow the instructions , and your dream will come true . this multi-level e-mail order marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time . e - mail is the sales tool of the future . take advantage of this non-commercialized method of advertising now ! ! ! the longer you wait , the more people will be doing business using e-mail . get your piece of this action ! ! ! multi-level marketing ( mlm ) has finally gained respectability . it is being taught in the harvard business school , and both stanford research and the wall street journal have stated that between 50 % and 65 % of all goods and services will be sold through multi-level methods by the mid to late 1990 's . this is a multi - billion dollar industry and of the 500 , 000 millionaires in the u . s . , 20 % ( 100 , 000 ) made their fortune in the last several years in mlm . moreover , statistics show 45 people become millionaires everyday through multi - level marketing . the enclosed information is something i almost let slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . my name is christopher erickson . two years ago , the corporation i worked at for the past twelve years down-sized and my position was eliminated . after unproductive job interviews , i decided to open my own business . over the past year , i incured many unforeseen financial problems . i owed my family , friends and creditors over $ 35 , 000 . the economy was taking a toll on my business and i just could n't seem to make ends meet . i had to refinance and borrow against my home to support my family and struggling business . at that moment something significant happend in my life and i am writing to share the experience in hopes that this will change your life forever financially ! ! ! in mid december , i received this program via e-mail . six month 's prior to receiving this program i had been sending away for information on various business opportunities . all of the programs i received , in my opinion , were not cost effective . they were either too difficult for me to comprehend or the initial investment was too much for me to risk to see if they would work or not . one claimed that i would make a million dollars in one year . . . it did n't tell me i 'd have to write a book to make it ! but like i was saying , in december of 1995 i received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off a mailing list . thank goodness for that ! ! ! after reading it several times , to make sure i was reading it correctly , i could n't believe my eyes . here was a money making phenomenon . i could invest as much as i wanted to start , without putting me further into debt . after i got a pencil and paper and figured it out , i would at least get my money back . after determining the program was legal and not a chain letter , i decided """""""" why not . """""""" initially i sent out 10 , 000 e-mails . it cost me about $ 15 . 00 for my time on-line . the great thing about e-mail is that i do n't need any money for printing to send out the program , only the cost to fulfill my orders . i am telling you like it is , i hope it does n't turn you off , but i promised myself that i would not """""""" rip-off """""""" anyone , no matter how much money it cost me ! in less than one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by january 13 , i had received 26 orders for report # 1 . when you read the guarantee in the program , you will see that """""""" you must receive 15-20 orders for report # 1 within 2 weeks . if you don ' t , send out more programs until you do ! """""""" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in 20-90 days was done . by january 30 , i had received 196 orders for report # 2 . if you go back to the guarantee , """""""" you must receive 100 + orders for report # 2 within 2 weeks . if not , send out more programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goal """""""" well , i had 196 orders for report # 2 , 96 more than i needed . so i sat back and relaxed . by march 19 , of my e-mailing of 10 , 000 , i received $ 58 , 000 with more coming in every day . i paid off all my debts and bought a much needed new car . please take time to read the attatched program , it will change your life forever ! ! ! remember , it won't work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place . it won't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! report # 2 explains this . always follow the guarantee , 15-20 orders for report # 1 , and 100 + orders for report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or more in 20-90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i am sorry . it really is a great opportunity with little cost or risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to financial security . if you are a fellow business owner and are if financial trouble like i was , or you want to start your own business , consider this a sign . i did ! sincerely , christopher erickson p . s . do you have any idea what 11 , 700 $ 5 bills ( $ 58 , 000 ) look like piled up on a kitchen table ? it ' s awesome ! a personal note from the orginator of this program : by the time you have read the enclosed program and reports , you should have concluded that such a program , and one that is legal , could not have been created by an amateur . let me tell you a little about myself . i had a profitable business for 10 years . then in 1979 my business began falling off . i was doing the same things that were previously successfull for me , but it was n't working . finally , i figured it out . it was n't me , it was the economy . inflation and recession had replaced the stable economy that had been with us since 1945 . i do n't have to tell you what happend to the unemployment rate . . . because many of you know from first hand experience . there were more failures and bankruptcies than ever before . the middle class was vanishing . those who knew what they were doing invested wisely and moved up . those who did not , including those who never had anything to save or invest , were moving down into the ranks of the poor . as the saying goes , """""""" the rich get richer and the poor get poorer . """""""" the traditional methods of making money will never allow you to """""""" move up """""""" or """""""" get rich """""""" , inflation will see to that . you have just received information that can give you financial freedom for the rest of your life , with """""""" no risk """""""" and """""""" just a little bit of effort . """""""" you can make more money in the next few months than you have ever imagined . i should also point out that i will not see a penny of this money , nor anyone else who has provided a testimonial for this program . i have already made over 4 million dollars ! i have retired from the program after sending out over 16 , 000 programs . now i have several offices that make this and several other programs here and over seas . by the spring we wish to market the """""""" internet """""""" by a partnership with america on line . follow the program exactly as instructed . do not change it in any way . it works exceedingly well as it is now . remember to e-mail a copy of this exciting report to everyone you can think of . one of the people you send this to may send out 50 , 000 . . . and your name will be on everyone of them ! remember though , the more you send out the more potential customers you will reach . so my friend , i have given you the ideas , information , materials and opportunity to become financially independent , it is up to you now ! """""""" think about it """""""" before you delete this program from your mailbox , as i almost did , take a little time to read it and really think about it . get a pencil and figure out what could happen when you participate . figure out the worst possible response and no matter how you calculate it , you will still make a lot of money ! you will definitely get back what you invested . any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . it works ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc here ' s how this amazing program will make you $ $ $ $ $ let 's say that you decide to start small , just to see how it goes , and we ' ll assume you and all those involved send out only 2 , 000 programs each . let 's also assume that the mailing receives a 0 . 5 % response . using a good list the response could be much better . also many people will send out hundreds of thousands of programs instead of 2 , 000 . but continuing with this example , you send out only 2 , 000 programs . with a 0 . 5 % response , that is only 10 orders for report # 1 . those 10 people respond by sending out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 20 , 000 . out of those 0 . 5 % , 100 people respond and order report # 2 . those 100 mail out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 200 , 000 . the 0 . 5 % response to that is 1 , 000 orders for report # 3 . those 1 , 000 send out 2 , 000 programs each for a 2 , 000 , 000 total . the 0 . 5 % response to that is 10 , 000 orders for report # 4 . that 's 10 , 000 $ 5 bills for you . cash ! ! ! your total income in this example is $ 50 + $ 500 + $ 5 , 000 + $ 50 , 000 for a total of $ 55 , 550 ! ! ! remember friend , this is assuming 1 , 990 out of the 2 , 000 people you mail to will do absolutely nothing and trash this program ! dare to think for a moment what would happen if everyone , or half sent out 100 , 000 programs instead of 2 , 000 . believe me , many people will do just that , and more ! by the way , your cost to participate in this is practically nothing . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 3 will show you the best methods for bulk e-mailing and obtaining e-mail lists . instructions : we at erris mail order marketing businesses , have a method of raising capital that really works 100 % everytime . i am sure that you could use $ 50 , 000 to $ 125 , 000 in the next 20-90 days . before you say """""""" bull . . . """""""" , please read this program carefully . this is not a chain letter , but a perfectly legal money making opportunity . basically , this is what you do : as with all multi-level business , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the usa allows you to recruit new multi-level business partners , and we offer a product for every dollar sent . your orders come and are filled through the mail , so you are not involved in personal selling . you do it privately in your own home , store or office . this is the greatest multi - level mail order marketing anywhere : step ( 1 ) order all four ( 4 ) reports listed by name and number . do this by ordering the report from each of the four ( 4 ) names listed on the next page . for each report , send $ 5 cash and a self-addressed stamped envelope ( business size # 10 ) to the person listed for the specific report . international orders should also include $ 1 extra for postage . it is essential that you specify the name and number of the report requested to the person you are ordering it from . you will need all four ( 4 ) reports because you will be reprinting and reselling them . do not alter the names or sequence other than what the instructions say . important : always provide same-day service on all orders . step ( 2 ) replace the name and address under report # 1 with your 's , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . drop the name and address under report # 2 to report # 3 , moving the one that was there to report # 4 . the name and the address that was under report # 4 is dropped from the list and this party is no doubt on the way to the bank . when doing this , make certain you type the names and addresses accurately ! ! ! do not mix up moving product / report positions ! ! ! step ( 3 ) having made the requested changes in the name list , save it as text ( . txt ) file in it 's own directory to be used with whatever e-mail program you like . again , report # 3 will tell you the best methods of bulk e-mailing and acquiring e-mail lists . step ( 4 ) e - mail a copy of the entire program ( all of this is very important ) to everyone whose address you can get your hands on . start with friends and relatives since you can encourage them to take advantage of this fabulous money-making opportunity . that 's what i did . and they love me now , more than ever . then , e-mail to anyone and everyone ! use your imagination ! you can get e-mail addresses from companies on the internet who specialize in e-mail mailing lists . these are very cheap , 100 , 000 addresses for around $ 35 . important : you won't get a good response if you use an old list , so always request a fresh , new list . you will find out where to purchase these lists when you order the four ( 4 ) reports . always provide same-day service on all orders ! ! ! required reports : * * * order each report by number and name * * * always send a self-addressed , stamped envelope and $ 5 cash for each order requesting the specific report by name and number . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """""""" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """""""" order report # 1 from : angel ann enterprises p . o . box 668292 charlotte , n . c . 28266-8292 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """""""" major corporations and multi-level sales """""""" order report # 2 from : m . l . m . 3069 alamo dr . suite 178 vacaville , ca . 95687-6344 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """""""" sources for the best mailing lists """""""" order report # 3 from : c . e . e . p . o . box 5145 framingham , ma 01701-5145 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """""""" evaluating multi-level sales plans """""""" order report # 4 from : m . j . k . p . o . box 30821 seattle , wa 98103-0821 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conclusion : i am enjoying my fortune that i made by sending out this program . you too , will be making money in 20-90 days , if you follow the simple steps outlined in this mailing . to be financially independent is to be free . free to make financial decisions as never before . go into business , get into investments , retire or take a vacation . no longer will a lack of money hold you back . however , very few people reach financial independence , because when opportunity knocks , they choose to ignore it . it is much easier to say """""""" no """""""" than """""""" yes """""""" , and this the question that you must answer . will you ignore this amazing opportunity or will you take advantage of it ? if you do nothing , you have indeed missed something and nothing will change . please re-read this material , this is a special opportunity . if you have any questions , please feel free to write to the sender of this information . you will get a prompt and informative reply . my method is simple . i sell thousands of people a product for $ 5 that cost me pennies to produce and e-mail . i should also point out that this program is legal and everyone who participates will make money . this is not a chain letter or a pyramid scam . at times you probably received chain letters , asking you to send money , on faith , but getting nothing in return , no product what-so - ever ! not only are chain lettters illegal , but the risk of someone breaking the chain makes them quite unattractive . you are offering a legitimate product to your people . after they purchase the product from you , they reproduce more and resell them . it 's simple free enterprise . as you learned from the enclosed material , the product is a series of four ( 4 ) financial and business reports . the information contained in these reports will not only help you in making your participation in this program more rewarding , but will be useful to you in any other business decisions you make in the years ahead . you are also buying the rights to reprint all of the reports , which will be ordered from you by those to whom you mail this program . the concise one and two page reports you will be buying can easily be reproduced at a local copy center for a cost of about 3 cents a copy . best wishes with the program and good luck ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",1
  93,""""Subject: defend yourself against criminals
   
   would you be able to defend yourself if attacked on the street ? ? ? hello - most people could n't answer that question with any confidence . with todays crime rate and drug abuse problem , it 's a question that everyone needs to ask themselves . crime statistics from the bureau of justice state that : - 25 % of violent crimes occur at or near the victim 's home - 14 % at school and 12 % at commercial establishments ( stores ) - a woman is raped every 2 minutes in america - 1 out of every 4 rapes takes place in a public area or a parking garage . - 23 % reported being involved with a leisure activity at the time they were victimized . - 21 % reported they were at work or traveling to or from work when the crime occurred . as you can see , a violent crime can happen to anyone at any time regardless of where you live or work . these crimes consisted of assault , robbery , carjacking , rape and murder . based on these statistics , it 's almost guaranteed that you will be the victim of a violent crime at some point in your life . will you react ? ? ? ? i ' ve been studying the martial arts for fifteen years and have been an instructor for thirteen of them . i ' ve been fortunate enough to have studied under some of the best instructors in the country . i currently have a black belt in kenpo karate and have studied tae kwan do , kung fu and i am currently studying hapkido and isfa shootfighting . my video , """""""" a chance to escape """""""" , will show you how to defend yourself against the seven most common types of attacks on the street . i will show you self defense techniques that anyone from ages eight to eighty can learn and use to defend themselves . these techniques are quick and easy to learn and can be the difference between life or death if you are attacked on the street . my video uses easy to understand terms for younger children . this video is a must for any college student ( male or female ) . the techniques in this video are not only good for self defense but for building confidence when out in public . senior citizens and middle age adults will gain the most benefit from this video . it will also give you helpful hints on how to carry packages and purses so they won't get taken , how to avoid looking like a victim , and how to use common objects as weapons to fend off even the most aggressive attacker . with so many self defense videos on the market , it is about time that there was one made for people who want one simple and effective so they can actually use the techniques within minutes of learning them . the best part is that you won't have to study karate for fifteen years in order to do these techniques . just a few short minutes and you will understand how effective you can be . when it comes right down to it , you are your own best judge as to whether you feel safe or not . my video will help you to feel that you have an edge on anyone who may try to attack you . it 's impossible to know when or where a violent crime will happen and the last thing you want to be is the victim . this video gives you the chance you need to react and avoid becoming a victim . all you really need is """""""" a chance to escape . """""""" to order my video """""""" a chance to escape """""""" send check or money order in u . s . funds only for $ 19 . 95 + ( $ 4 . 95 s / h ) to : escape enterprises llc p . o . box 1657 meriden , ct . 06451 sorry , no cod 's . please allow 2 - 3 weeks for delivery . do n't be a victim - fight back k
  """",1
  94,""""Subject: strike when the iron is hot !
   
   hello my name is wayne , if you are like me , you are probably needing to earn some extra income . i think this will help . learn the secret to earning money through the internet . i am now earning a very healthy income after only 90 days , from the comforts of my home , and you can to . * no meetings to attend ! * no selling ! * no products to stock ! * free web site ! * free fax on demand ! * company advertises and sponsors for you ! * do not have to depend on friends & family ! * 250 , 000 card deck mailings monthly ! * 170 , 000 full color brochures sent ! * proven 1 . 6 million visited web page ! * no headaches , no hassles , no work ! what this program is not ! * not a chain letter * not a pyramid scheme * not making phone calls * not contacting people * not peddling products * not a scam , con or trick please take a minute and visit our web site . > from there scroll to the bottom and click on the banner . click here i apologize for the inconvenience , for this was not my intentions . thank you , wayne to be removed from our mailing list please click here
  """",1
  95,""""Subject: thief - proofing a car
   
   thief - proofing a car peripheral connections proves it can be done peripheral connection ( otcbb : pepo ) has made the world a safer place - at least if you are a car or own one . pepc 's wholly-owned subsidiary skynet 2001 has tested and proven its leading-edge technology which seamlessly marries global positioning and gsm digital cellular with a proprietay vecta in-vehicle motor - management control system - to totally thief-proof vulnerable trucks , high risk vans , and cars . skynet 2001 is tomorrow 's technology today . it wraps a vehicle in an invisible """""""" net ' of radio , electrical , electronic , mechanical , ultrasonic , telematics , and ever-watching satellite protection that spans continents . a lone driver attacked in an isolated spot anywhere is protected within 25 seconds - automatically skynet """""""" sees """""""" and """""""" hears """""""" a driver , vehicle , or its load under attack , or in a crash - and alerts emergency services . stealing keys is fruitless , the system remotely immobilizes the motor . operating by satellite and mobile phone , it """""""" sees """""""" a thief , hijacker , or crash in action . its control center talks to a thief in the act , through the vehicle 's telephone , saying he is being """""""" watched """""""" and reported , or in the event of an accident , it will tell a trapped driver and passengers that help is on the way while safely immobilizing the vehicle 's electrics and fuel supply . it also has many more applications , track-monitoring children , precious items , heavy duty plant and machinery , valuable cargo - even the movement of prisoners . = 46or more information on both the skynet product and peripheral connection 's exciting new speculative growth opportunities by e-mail hit reply with """""""" sky """""""" in the subject line or fax the following information for a free report . yes , please send me more information about skynet 2001 and peripheral connections . name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax to : 619-839 - 3687
  """",1
  96,""""Subject: hi !
   
   * * * this is not spam ! * * * my name is matthew . i make a habit of deleting mail i have not yet read , as i ' m sure you do also . please read this one though , you might find this interesting . i recently lost my high paying job from a major computer corporation due to their loss of a major contract . they messed up , but that whole dep ' t of 15 people including myself are hung out to dry . corporate america at it 's finest . i have not had luck yet finding another job , as my skills were very specific to that company and not really worth anything to another company . during the time i worked there , i also bought and sold real estate like those guys on tv . ( yes , you can do that and make it work for you too ) the key is i made it work . i was fairly successful until the """""""" nightmare on pleasant st . """""""" as my freinds and i call it . . . i lost most of my money in that one bad deal and i was no longer financially secure and i relied heavily on my income from my former job . as you ' ve already heard , i lost that too and i started to look for other things i could make money to help me get back on my feet . so , i started to read all of the junk that people have mailed to me . let me tell you , i can't beleive some of the things out there . . . what a waste of time . until i saw this . hold on . i know you are ( like i was ) ready to stop reading right here . i implore you not to . i ( like you ) am not some non-educated fool . i have made much money for myself in real estate , which is not an easy business . i am a rather competent business man . at least finish reading this until the end . * * better still : print this letter and read it in comfort over , and over here is what i saw . . . * i only needed $ 20 extra dollars to try this * this is making money for people who at lease tried a little , so why not me too ? in desparation , i sent the four 5 dollar bills and got the reports . as i always have , i made this work for me too . i took much time and effort to learn about e-mail ( which is a great and free tool ! ! ) and how to send lots of it . now , 19 days after my first mailing of this , i have received roughly 8 , 450 responses . ( trust me , when my fiance ` saw 8 , 450 5 dollar bills on the kitchen table , she no longer laughed at me for trying this ) i wrote a report of my own showing step by step how to do the same which i will give to you for free as a helping hand so we can all continue this success . i will show you every step of cutting , pasting , editing this letter to include your name and address , etc . here is my special offer to help you . . . . as long as my address , basquiat at the evanston po box is on the list below i will send the step-by - step instructions and 100 , 000 e-mail addresses to anyone who orders any report from me . it took some time and expense to put this list together so all i ask is that you add another $ 5 for handling the addresses . the instructions for e _ mailing are free . they will come to you in a . txt format ( which i will teach you how to use in the instructions i ' ve put together ) and less than 2 % will be duplicates . you will get the list of addresses with your report . the first 160 people who order a report from me will receive a different set of addresses . this is my gift to you to help you get started . . . . i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be prepared to eventually set aside about an hour each day to follow up ( and count your money ! ) , you will make at least as much money as i am . you do n't need to be a whiz at the computer , but i ' ll bet you already are . if you can open an envelope , remove the money , and send an e-mail message , then you ' re on your way to the bank . take the time to read this so you ' ll understand how easy it is . if i can do this , so can you ! add this e-mail to ' favorite places ' by dragging the heart at the upper right corner of this window to the heart / folder picture next to the file cabinet . that way , you will have a copy of this for future use . go for it now ! ! matthew the following is a copy of the e-mail i read : $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then read it again ! ! ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its ability to generate large amounts of cash . this program is showing fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go to the bank ! this truly is that lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow the easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams will come true ! when followed correctly , this electronic , multi-level marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , cars , etc . , - even retire ! this is your chance , so do n't pass it up ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary electronic multi-level marketing program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - basically , this is what we do : we send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level businesses , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new business online ( via your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive via """""""" snail mail """""""" will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they ordered . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s it ! the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest electronic business anywhere ! follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if you do n't order them ) . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose name appears on the list next to the report . * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save them on your computer and resell them . * within a few days you will receive , via e-mail , each of the four save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send reports to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in steps """""""" a """""""" through """""""" d """""""" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , replace the name and address under report # 1 with your name and address , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . c . move the name and address that was under report # 2 down to report # 3 . d . move the name and address that was under report # 3 down to report # 4 . e . the name and address that was under report # 4 is removed from the list and has no doubt collected their 50 grand . please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address accurately ! ! ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this letter . 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the worldwide web ! advertising on the web is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . another avenue which you could use for advertising is e-mail lists . you can buy these lists for under $ 20 / 2 , 000 addresses or you can pay someone a minimal charge to take care of it for you . be sure to start your ad campaign immediately ! 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report - always send your order via first class mail - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets of paper - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and ( c ) your postal address . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """""""" how to reorganize your time to accommodate a home based business """""""" order report # 1 from : g & p enterprises po box 3544 lubbock , tx 79452 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """""""" major corporations and e-mail """""""" order report # 2 from : a&j advertising p . o . box 16057 st . paul , mn 55116-0057 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """""""" sources for the best mailing lists """""""" order report # 3 from : basqiuat po box 1963 evanston , il 60204 ( add an additional $ 5 . to cover handling the 100 , 000 e - mail addresses i will send you when you order any report from me . also note as well that you want the e - mailing instructions ( which is free ) sent to you . when you move my address down move this offer also . ( it will help us all . ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """""""" evaluating multi-level sales plans """""""" order report # 4 from : a basket affair 4505 hamptonshire drive raleigh , nc 27613 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think about it ! your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 3 shows you the most productive methods for bulk e-mailing and purchasing e-mail lists . some list & bulk e-mail vendors even work on trade ! about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which state that """""""" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . """""""" * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! note : if you need help with starting a business , registering a business name , how income tax is handled , etc . , contact your local office of the small business administration ( a federal agency ) for free help and answers to questions . also , the internal revenue service offers free help via telephone and free seminars about business taxes . * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving """""""" junk mail . """""""" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population and percentages involved . i """""""" knew """""""" it would n't work . doris totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old """""""" i told you so """""""" on her when the thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i have joined doris in her """""""" hobby . """""""" i did have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the """""""" rat race """""""" and it 's not for me . we owe it all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i surprised when i found my medium - size post office box crammed with orders ! for awhile , it got so overloaded that i had to start picking up my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't matter where in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to contact to get another copy , so i had to wait until i was e-mailed another program . . . 11 months passed then it came . . . i did n't delete this one ! . . . i made more than $ 41 , 000 on the first try ! ! d . wilburn , muncie , in this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! ! !
  """",1
  97,""""Subject: unlimited cash & millions in your mail
   
   this mail is sent to someone who shared money making programs in the past . if this sent in error or spamming you , please accept my appologize - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dear nlpeople this program is the most money making program i have ever seen on the net . the advantage of this program is that your money will directed to your mailing address without intrusion of a third party as most mlm programs doing . just visit http : / / come . to / millionaire warmest regards ,
  """",1
  98,""""Subject: the internet success toolbox
   
   note : we do not wish to send e-mail to anyone that does not want it so please send an e-mail to : remove929 @ yahoo . com you will be removed promptly . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * """""""" the internet success toolbox """""""" the most complete marketing software package available anywhere ! this is what you will receive on cd-rom : 1 . stealth mass mailer ( $ 399 . 00 value ) - this unique , first of it 's kind - software that allows you to easily send 250 , 000 e-mail messages an hour . simply enough by making a single connection to the internet using a standard modem , and connecting to either 20 different mail servers , or a single mail server 20 times . this , easy to use , software is designed for the basic computer user to understand . it 's as easy as imputing the mail server , selecting the list of e-mail recipients to send to , inserting your e-mail address , adding your subject line , selecting your sales letter , and pressing send . 2 . e - mail pro extractor ( $ 350 . 00 value ) - this one of a kind software program is designed to manage and clean up any list of e-mail addresses . it will purge duplicates , manage removes and delete undeliverables . it will also separate and categorize your list of e-mail addresses by domain names . the e - mail pro version 4 . 0 bulk e - mail loader also imports simple text files that anyone can download from aol , compuserve , the internet , etc . . . these text files contain classified ads , forum messages , or data from the member directory . each of these files are filled with e-mail addresses . 3 . check deposit system ( $ 125 . 00 value ) - check deposit system version 2 . 1 is a state of the art , revolutionary software that allows you to easily and legally process checks by fax , phone or internet . the customer 's signature on the check is not necessary . 4 . 16 million e - mail addresses ( $ 149 . 00 value ) - we took a total of over 92 million e-mail addresses from many of the touted cd 's that are out there ( bought them all - some were $ 300 + ) ! we added the millions we had in storage to those . when we combined them all , we had in excess of 100 + million addresses in one huge file . we then ran a super """""""" sort / de-dupe """""""" program against this huge list . it cut the file down to less than 25 million ! ! we then ran a program that contained 150 + keywords to remove addresses with vulgarity , profanity , sex-related names , postmaster , webmaster , flamer , abuse , spam , etc . . . also we eliminated all . edu , . mil . , org . , gov . , etc . . . after that list was run against the remaining list , it reduced it down to near 16 million addresses ! so , you see , our list will save people hundreds of dollars buying all others that are out there on cd . using ours will be like using the 100 + million that we started with , but a lot less money and a lot less time ! if you order """""""" the internet success toolbox """""""" for $ 395 . 00 within the next 7 days , you ' ll also receive the following awesome bonuses absolutely free . a value of over $ 600 . 00 ! ! ! to order : _ _ _ _ yes ! i ' m bursting with anticipation ! please send me """""""" the internet success toolbox """""""" so i can start advertising my business to """""""" millions of people """""""" - absolutely free ! i ' m anxious to see how others are creating immediate """""""" cash-flow explosions """""""" , and eliminating most of their advertising and marketing costs - and how i can do the same ! enclosed is $ 395 . _ _ _ _ yes again ! because i ' m responding within 7 days , i will receive 6 bonuses with a total value of $ 663 . 90 - absolutely free ! they include : bonus # 1 ( $ 39 value ) : """""""" search engine secrets """""""" - discover the most powerful and proven strategies that really work to place you at the top of the search engines ! bonus # 2 ( $ 195 value ) : a free one year subcription to """""""" the internet success toolbox newsletter """""""" - my ticket to marketing and internet cash flow heaven ! bonus # 3 ( $ 39 . 95 value ) : your hotline list of """""""" 7000 free classified ad sites on the internet """""""" - a virtual goldmine ! bonus # 4 ( $ 19 . 95 value ) : a free special report titled """""""" how to put your business on automatic pilot and turn your marketing system into a predictable , turnkey , cash - flow machine that keeps on working - even when you do n't ! ! """""""" bonus # 5 ( $ 195 value ) : unlimited technical support . even though """""""" the internet success toolbox """""""" will be simple to use , it 's great to know support is always available - if and when you really need it ! and last but not least . . . . bonus # 6 ( $ 175 value ) : order within 7 days and i ' ll also throw in a free vacation certificate good for 3 days and 2 nights of free lodging at one of over 30 """""""" premier """""""" resorts . some vacation spots you can choose from include : hawaii ; orlando , fl ; las vegas ; atlantic city ; palm springs ; aruba - in the south carribean ; cancun , mexico ; and many , many more ! hey , when you start making a ton of money , you ' ll wanna do some celebrating , won't you ? so start packing those bags ! that 's it . a lot more than you bargained for is n't it ? when you total all the goodies up , you ' re looking as a total value of $ 663 . 90 ! all yours - absolutely free - with your purchase of our amazing package """""""" the internet success toolbox """""""" for only $ 395 . 00 . and i ' ll even pay for shipping your package . you can have it in days . and start making money the very same day ! anyway , i have a copy right here on my desk reserved for you . all i need is your go ahead and i ' ll rush it out to you along with your 6 free bonuses . name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # ( _ _ _ _ _ ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax # ( _ _ _ _ _ _ ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ mastercard total : $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ account number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i understand that all sales are final . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature to order by check : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tape or paste your check here fax it to us at : ( 425 ) 379-9722 you do not need to send a hard copy of your check . the fax is all we need . ( we are able to perform this service using our check deposit system software ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * orders by credit card are shipped immediately . fax completed order form to : ( 425 ) 379-9722 * orders by personal , business or credit card check are shipped in 7-10 business days . * orders mailed in or overnighted with cashier ' s check or money order are shipped immediately . mail to : sys 11014 19th ave se suite 305 everett , wa 98208 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",1
  99,""""Subject: free
   
   this is a multi-part message in mime format . - - - - - - = _ nextpart _ 000 _ 0139 _ 01bd8356 . 354ff2e0 content - type : multipart / alternative ; boundary = """""""" - - - - = _ nextpart _ 001 _ 013a _ 01bd8356 . 354ff2e0 """""""" - - - - - - = _ nextpart _ 001 _ 013a _ 01bd8356 . 354ff2e0 content - type : text / plain ; charset = """""""" iso - 8859 - 1 """""""" content - transfer - encoding : 7bit * * * scotland-net ~ make and save $ $ $ $ $ on the world wide web now ! * free web access ! ! ! free web access ! ! ! free web access ! ! ! note - though this isp 's service is initially only available from the uk , the referral agent opportunity is available worldwide , and overseas agents do n't need to take the service themselves . uk internet provider who will give any customer permanent free access - for introducing new users . they also offer monthly residual income for introducing more users down to 7 levels . the company is an existing provider and not new but is obviously progressive ! pre - apply as an agent now and start getting others pre - applied under you by sending the same info as this - while it 's free . the 123net site and free pre-application form is at : http : / / www . 123net . co . uk / agents / prebuild . htm or http : / / 195 . 188 . 52 . 156 / forms / default . htm . . . to pre-apply you ' ll need my details which are : sponsor 's id : - ed78564314 sponsor 's name : - arthur frederick edwards sponsor 's e-mail : webmaster @ alba . tm arthur f edwards . * free advertising ! ! ! http : / / www . alba . tm / letter . html * free advertising ! ! ! http : / / www . bannerpromo . net / freead . cfm ? idno = 1454 * affordable domain registration - be set up in 24 hours ! - protect your company and / or name now fast service ~ low registration costs http : / / www . yourname . com / . net / . co . uk etc . . . * we can set up ; - * your own company domain name * unlimited e-mail addresses * fast webspace * full graphical access statistics * unlimited support and advice * pre - installed cgi scripts * microsoft frontpage compatible * free domain name ( subject to conditions ) * e - mail forwarding * web site forwarding prices from virtual servers @ only $ 16 . 49 per month ! ! ! - http : / / www . msn . tm * get 50 , 000 + visitors to your site - free ! - http : / / www . links2u . com / index . shtml ? webmaster @ alba . tm * want us to sell your products on our pages ? we are happy to resell your products on our pages . no sales no charge . email webmaster @ alba . tm * notice ; - agents required to give away mobile telephones - free to join . also free telephones available . a no credit check scheme also available . ( uk only ) * build a fast growing list of prospective customers interested in your products & services ! we can turn your casual visitors to your website into successful long term business relationships ! how ? - http : / / www . alba . tm / newsletter . html * help wanted ! ! ! would you like to e-mail your business message directly to 1000 's of prospective customers ? and not become a hated """""""" spammer """""""" in the process ? how ? http : / / www . alba . tm / newsletters . html * """""""" a giant enters the network arena ! """""""" - http : / / www . longuevue . net / team / scotland-net . htm * get unlimited free postcards ! todays the day to send a heap of free postcards - compliments of scotland - net ! everything from """""""" i love you """""""" to """""""" congratulations """""""" to """""""" my cats fine """""""" go to http : / / www . msn . tm got a website ? install a free postcards department free . install a guestbook free . install a search engine free . - http : / / www . alba . tm * get unlimited free ads in this publication - reach 5 , 000 + people worldwide for free ! ! ! e-mail free @ alba . tm * need a webpage ? don ' t know if internet advertising will work for you ? don ' t want to pay a lot of money ? then budget advertising is here for you ! ! ! get you or your company on the net from only $ 49 . 50 per year ! e-mail free @ alba . tm * more affordable web promotion at - http : / / www . servers-unlimited . com / members / aedwards . htm earn a share in ta companys worldwide income ! go to http : / / www . alba . tm and click on the links2u sign free ! * visit the internet proshop - http : / / foreverweb . com / cgi-foreverweb / href _ click . cgi ? im1710 * submit your site to 600 + search engines , spiders etc . . . - http : / / www . eyeonmedicine . com / dist / 780957 . htm * save money on phone calls - anywhere in the world ! - http : / / ld . net / ? 2253 * earnmoney while you use your computer , free ! - http : / / ld . net / bizop / ? 2253 * or earn it introducing people free ! - http : / / foreverweb . com / cgi-foreverweb / sspregister _ click . cgi ? im1710 * photoreading personal learning course * play the lotto free and win big big prizes ! - http : / / www . alba . tm * gents ! take a break and go and see some pretty women ! great ! http : / / aprettywoman . com / a . cgi / 2335 * plus lots , lots more ! ! ! to much to list - feel free to e-mail us at free @ alba . tm please take time to visit our great products ! * member , international webmasters association - http : / / iwanet . org * & the world wide web chamber of commerce - http : / / www . webchamber . com * - - - - - - = _ nextpart _ 001 _ 013a _ 01bd8356 . 354ff2e0 content - type : text / html ; charset = """""""" iso - 8859 - 1 """""""" content - transfer - encoding : quoted-printable body { background-repeat : repeat-y ; color : # cccccc ; font-family : georgia , = """""""" serif """""""" ; font-size : 12pt ; margin-left : 78px } a { color : # b55a10 } hr { color : # 293139 ; height : 4px ; width : 100 % } &nbsp ; &nbsp ; * * * scotland-net ~ make and save $ $ $ $ $ on the world = wide web now = 20 ! * free web access ! ! ! free web access ! ! ! free web access ! ! ! note - = though = 20 this isp 's service is initially only available from the = uk , thereferral = 20 agent opportunity is available worldwide , and overseas agents = do n't need to = 20 take the service themselves . ukinternet provider who will give = any = 20 customer permanent free access - forintroducing new users . they = also = 20 offer monthly residual income for introducing more users down to = 7levels . = 20 the company is an existing provider and not new but is = 20 obviouslyprogressive ! pre - apply as an agent now and start getting = others = 20 pre-applied under you by sending the same info as this - while it 's = 20 free . the 123net site and free pre-application form is at : href = 3d """""""" http : / / www . 123net . co . uk / agents / prebuild . htm """""""" = 20 http : / / www . 123net . co . uk / agents / prebuild . htmor = href = 3d """""""" http : / / 195 . 188 . 52 . 156 / forms / default . htm """""""" = 20 http : / / 195 . 188 . 52 . 156 / forms / default . htm . . . = to = 20 pre-apply you ' ll need my details which are : sponsor 's = id : &nbsp ; &nbsp ; = 20 - &nbsp ; ed78564314sponsor 's name : &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; = 20 - &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; arthur frederick edwardssponsor 's = e-mail : &nbsp ; = 20 webmaster @ alba . tmarthur f edwards . * free advertising ! ! ! = href = 3d """""""" http : / / www . alba . tm / letter . html """""""" = 20 http : / / www . alba . tm / letter . html * free advertising = ! ! ! href = 3d """""""" http : / / www . bannerpromo . net / freead . cfm ? idno = 3d1454 """""""" = 20 http : / / www . bannerpromo . net / freead . cfm ? idno = 3d1454 = * affordable = 20 domain registration - be set up in 24 hours ! &nbsp ; - protect your = company = 20 and / or name now fast service ~ low registration costs href = 3d """""""" http : / / www . yourname . com / """""""" = http : / / www . yourname . com / . net = 20 / . co . uk etc . . . * we can set up ; - * your own company domain name = * unlimited = 20 e-mail addresses * fast webspace * full graphical access statistics = * unlimited = 20 support and advice * pre - installed cgi scripts * microsoft frontpage = compatible = 20 * free domain name ( subject to conditions ) * e - mail forwarding * web = site = 20 forwardingprices from virtual servers @ only $ 16 . 49 per month = 20 ! ! ! &nbsp ; &nbsp ; - http : / / www . msn . tm * get 50 , 000 + visitors to your = site - = 20 free ! &nbsp ; - href = 3d """""""" http : / / www . links2u . com / index . shtml ? webmaster @ alba . tm """""""" = 20 http : / / www . links2u . com / index . shtml ? webmaster @ alba . tm * want = 20 us to sell your products on our pages ? &nbsp ; we are happy to resell = your = 20 products on our pages . no sales no charge . email = 20 webmaster @ alba . tm * notice ; - agents required to give away mobile = 20 telephones - free to join . also free telephones available . &nbsp ; a = no = 20 credit check scheme also available . ( uk only ) * build a fast growing = list of = 20 prospective customers&nbsp ; interested in your products &amp ; = services = 20 ! &nbsp ; we can turn your casual visitors to your website = intosuccessful = 20 long term business relationships ! how ? - href = 3d """""""" http : / / www . alba . tm / newsletter . html """""""" = 20 http : / / www . alba . tm / newsletter . html * help = wanted ! ! ! would = 20 you like to e-mail your business messagedirectly to 1000 's of = prospective = 20 customers ? and not become a hated &quot ; spammer&quot ; in the = process ? how ? = 20 http : / / www . alba . tm / newsletters . html * &quot ; a = giant = 20 enters the network arena ! &quot ; &nbsp ; - href = 3d """""""" http : / / www . longuevue . net / team / scotland-net . htm """""""" = 20 http : / / www . longuevue . net / team / scotland-net . htm * get = 20 unlimited free postcards ! todays the day to send a heap of free = postcards - = 20 compliments ofscotland - net ! everything from &quot ; i love you = &quot ; to = 20 &quot ; congratulations&quot ; to &quot ; my cats fine&quot ; go to http : / / www . msn . tm got a = website ? = 20 install a free postcards department free . install a guestbook free . = install a = 20 search engine free . &nbsp ; - http : / / www . alba . tm * get unlimited free ads in = this = 20 publication - reach 5 , 000 + people worldwidefor free ! ! ! e-mail = 20 free @ alba . tm * need a webpage ? don ' t know if internet advertising = will work = 20 for you ? don ' t want to pay a lot of money ? then budget = advertising is = 20 here for you ! ! ! get you or your company on thenetfrom only = $ 49 . 50 per = 20 year ! e-mail free @ alba . tm * more affordable web promotion at - href = 3d """""""" http : / / www . servers-unlimited . com / members / aedwards . htm """""""" = 20 http : / / www . servers-unlimited . com / members / aedwards . htm = earn = 20 a share in ta companys worldwide income ! go to href = 3d """""""" http : / / www . alba . tm / """""""" = 20 http : / / www . alba . tm and click on the links2u sign = 20 free ! * visit the internet proshop - href = 3d """""""" http : / / foreverweb . com / cgi-foreverweb / href _ click . cgi ? im1710 """""""" = 20 http : / / foreverweb . com / cgi-foreverweb / href _ click . cgi ? im171 = 0 * submit = 20 your site to 600 + search engines , spiders etc . . . &nbsp ; - &nbsp ; href = 3d """""""" http : / / www . eyeonmedicine . com / dist / 780957 . htm """""""" = 20 http : / / www . eyeonmedicine . com / dist / 780957 . htm&nbsp ; &nb = sp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbs = p ; &nbsp ; * save = 20 money on phone calls - anywhere in the world ! - href = 3d """""""" http : / / ld . net / ? 2253 """""""" = http : / / ld . net / ? 2253 * earnmoney = 20 while you use your computer , free ! - &nbsp ; href = 3d """""""" http : / / ld . net / bizop / ? 2253 """""""" = 20 http : / / ld . net / bizop / ? 2253 * or earn it = introducing people = 20 free ! - href = 3d """""""" http : / / foreverweb . com / cgi-foreverweb / sspregister _ click . cgi ? im1710 = """""""" = 20 http : / / foreverweb . com / cgi-foreverweb / sspregister _ click . cg = i ? im1710&nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; * photoreading = 20 personal learning course * play the lotto free and win big big prizes = ! - = 20 http : / / www . alba . tm * gents ! = 20 take a break and go and see some pretty women ! = 20 great ! &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nb = sp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; = 20 http : / / aprettywoman . com / a . cgi / 2335&nbsp ; &nbsp = ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; = &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; & = nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &n = bsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nb = sp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbs = p ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; * = &nbsp ; = 20 plus lots , lots more ! ! ! to much to list-feel free to e-mail us at = 20 free @ alba . tm&nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; please take = time to = 20 visit our great products ! * member , international webmasters = association - href = 3d """""""" http : / / iwanet . org / """""""" = 20 http : / / iwanet . org&nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; = &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; * &nbsp ; = 20 &amp ; the world wide web chamber of commerce - href = 3d """""""" http : / / www . webchamber . com / """""""" = 20 http : / / www . webchamber . com * = - - - - - - = _ nextpart _ 001 _ 013a _ 01bd8356 . 354ff2e0 - - - - - - - - = _ nextpart _ 000 _ 0139 _ 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  """",1
  100,""""Subject: 16 - m clean e - mail addresses
   
   16 million clean e - mail addresses we took a total of over 92 million e-mail addresses from many of the touted cd 's that are out there ( bought them all - some were $ 300 + ) ! we added the millions we had in storage to those . when we combined them all , we had in excess of 100 + million addresses in one huge file . we then ran a super """""""" sort / de-dupe """""""" program against this huge list . it cut the file down to less than 25 million ! ! can you believe that ! ? it seems that most people that are selling cd 's are duping the public by putting numerous files of addresses in the cd over and over . this created many duplicate addresses . they also had many """""""" program generated """""""" e-mail addresses like compuserve , mci , anon 's , etc . . . this causes a tremendous amount of undeliverables , and for those that use stealth programs , clogs up servers quickly with trash . etc . . . we then ran a program that contained 150 + keywords to remove addresses with vulgarity , profanity , sex-related names , postmaster , webmaster , flamer , abuse , spam , etc . . . also we eliminated all . edu , . mil . , org . , gov . , etc . . . after that list was run against the remaining list , it reduced it down to near 16 million addresses ! so , you see , our list will save people hundreds of dollars buying all others that are out there on cd . using ours will be like using the 100 + million that we started with , but a lot less money and a lot less time ! we also purchased cyber promo 's ( $ 995 . 00 ) cd . we received it just prior to finishing production work on the new cd . we had our people take a random sample of 300 , 000 addresses from the touted 2 . 9 million that they advertised . we used a program that allows us to take a random sample of addresses from any list . we were able to have the program take every 9th address , thus giving us a 300 , 000 list of cyber 's e-mail addresses from top to bottom . we did not clean these , but we did create 3 separate files named cyber1 . txt , cyber2 . txt , and cyber3 . txt of 100 , 000 addresses each . this will give all people that use the list an opportunity to send mail to the list before deciding if their cd is all it 's hyped up to be . we also included a 2 + million """""""" remove / flamer """""""" file broke into separate files for ease of extracting and adding to your own database of removes . """""""" you can buy from the rest or you can buy from the best . here 's what you get when you order today : * 16 million e - mail addresses * one line in simple text format * all on cd-rom * files are in lots of 100 , 000 ( no codes to open files ) * all files are separated by domain name for your convenience ! * plus you receive a tremendous remove list ! * plus a sampling of cyberpromo 's hot list now only $ 149 . 00 ! this price is effective for the next seven days , thereafter the price will be $ 199 . 00 so order now ! all lists are completely free of any duplicates . we also on a continual basis , add new names and remove undeliverables and remove requests . the result is the cleanest e - mail addresses available anywhere to use over and over again . all for a fraction of the cost that other companies charge . typical rates for acquiring e-mail lists are from """""""" information highway """""""" robbery ! do n't even hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most effective way to market anywhere . . . period ! http : / / www . gaura . com / software / sys . htm http : / / www . gaura . com / software to order : to order , simple print out the ez order form below and fax it to our office today . we accept visa or mastercard . or checks by fax fax completed form to : ( 425 ) 379-9722 _ _ _ _ _ e - mail pro . . . . . $ 350 . 00 _ _ _ _ stealth mass mailer . . . $ 395 . 00 _ _ _ _ 16 million clean e - mail addresses on cd-rom . . . . $ 149 . 00 _ _ _ _ check deposit system . . . . . $ 99 . 00 _ _ _ _ submit spider standard version . . . . $ 49 . 95 _ _ _ _ submit spider professional version . . . . $ 99 . 90 _ _ _ _ send software on cd-rom . . . . $ 10 . 00 name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country code or zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ type of credit card : _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ _ mastercard account number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total amount : $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i understand that all sales are final . signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ check by fax : if you would like to fax a check , paste your check below and fax it to ( 425 ) 379-9722 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * please paste your check here and fax it to us at : ( 425 ) 379-9722 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from your original check . all checks will be held for bank clearance .
  """",1
  101,""""Subject: who is who ! ! !
   
   this message is being sent to you because we feel it would be beneficial to you to be included on the international executive guild 's who 's who cd - rom . if this letter has been an inconvenience to you in any way please accept our apology and simply type """""""" remove """""""" in the first space of our application form and we will take you off our database . thank you for your help in keeping this a spam free internet . ' dear candidate , you have been selected as a potentially qualified candidate for inclusion on the latest state of the art , the international executive guild 's who 's who cd - rom . our researchers gather information from many recognized sources including professional associations and societies , trade organizations , newspaper and magazine articles , web presence , and referrals from existing members . as a highly respected professional in your field of expertise , we believe your contributions merit very serious consideration for inclusion on the international executive guild 's who 's who cd - rom . to maintain the highest level of accuracy we ask you to click on the web address below and fill out the brief bit of information on our application form . there is no cost or obligation for individuals to be evaluated for inclusion and all applicants will receive a free gift compliments of the international executive guild . http : / / www . executiveguild . com / apply . html my sincere thanks , anthony ingallinella executive director the international executive guild is not affiliated or associated with marquis who 's who
  """",1
  102,""""Subject: unlimited cash & millions in your mail
   
   this is not a spamm . this is was sent to someone who share the interest of money making programs . if this reach you by error , please accept my apology . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dear friend , this is one of the great money making program over the net and the only one i have earned money with . the advantage of this program is that all the money directed to your mailing address without intrusion of a third party . for details , just visit http : / / www . freeyellow . com / members2 / wp15 / index . html visit here for $ 10 give away : http : / / www . freeyellow . com / members2 / wp15 / page1 . html my best wishes to you warmest regards ,
  """",1
  103,""""Subject: how 's it going ?
   
   hello friend , my name is carl simmons . in october 1988 , i received this bulletin in the mail . naturally i was skeptical , but i decided to try it because i was heavily in debt at the time . i had everything to gain and nothing to lose . even if this program worked only a fraction of what the example showed , i would be a success ! well , i m adding this note here to tell you it does work ! i will never forget how it happened . i followed the instructions exactly . the total cost was about $ 46 . 00 including postage . i dropped the envelopes off a the post office on my way to work one day in late october hoping to earn a few dollars to buy christmas presents . the recipe i ordered from the person in the # 1 position came in about a week . i did not think much about it after that until a few weeks later when my boss told me my wife had called and i was needed at home immediately due to some emergency . i raced home in a panic , threw the apartment door open , and what a sight i saw ! my wife was standing over a pile of envelopes that the mailman had dumped on the living room floor from two big canvas bags . we spend the rest of the day and most of the night opening and counting 3 , 245 envelopes , each containing $ 2 . 00 and a self-addressed stamped envelope . the next day we received 4 , 274 more . by the time the orders stopped coming in , about two weeks later , i had received $ 92 , 428 . 00 in cash ! ( i wonder what the printer though when i had him print 46 , 000 copies of the recipes in one week ! ) needless to say , i immediately quit my job , paid off al my debts in full and started another mailing . to date my revenues are approaching $ 1 , 000 , 000 . 00 in cold hard cash . believe me , you can do the same thing . this is you lucky break that you have been hoping for all your life . you can make your dreams come true . . . do not pass it up ! the most difficult part was finding a good company to provide responsive names . after trying many name sources , i ran across two companies that provided the best names for this program . their addresses and prices are below : mjg advertising 200 names $ 24 . 00 p . o . box 3009 500 names $ 35 . 00 maple glen , pa 19002 1000 names $ 50 . 00 ( 215 ) 643-1328 2000 names $ 75 . 00 ( 800 ) 880-8143 marnico lists 200 names $ 20 . 00 p . o . box 2046 500 names $ 35 . 00 abington , ma 02351 1000 names $ 60 . 00 request # 3001 2000 names $ 95 . 00 making your fortune is as easy as following these six steps : 1 . send a self addressed stamped envelope and $ 2 . 00 cash wrapped in a sheet of paper specifying which recipe you are ordering by number , to addresses # 1 through # 5 at the end of this bulletin . 2 . order at least 200 names and addresses on labels from the companies mentioned earlier . 3 . while waiting for your labels to arrive , remove the name at the # 1 spot and move each of the names up one position . place your name and address in spot # 5 . move only the names and addresses - not the recipes . this can best be done by retyping the set and pasting the new over the original . 4 . have a local printshop print at least 200 copies of this bulletin . 5 . fold the printed bulletins and place in envelopes , seal and stamp them . 6 . when the labels arrive , place one on each envelope and mail them . now here s the best part - the money you can make ! here is what happens when only 10 % of the people respond to your mailing . you send out at least 200 with your name in position # 5 . 20 people send out at least 200 with your name in position # 4 . 400 people send out at least 200 with your name in position # 3 . 8000 people send out at least 200 with your name in position # 2 . 160000 people send out at least 200 with your name in position # 1 . 168420 x $ 2 . 00 each = $ 336840 in about 60 to 90 days ! ! ! of course you are not limited to mailing only 200 bulletins , or to just one mailing . send out more than 250 or do repeat mailings and you will drastically increase your earnings . when you receive 1 , 000 requests for recipe # 3 , sit back and relax knowing that you re soon going to be a very rich person . yes , this is a perfectly legal mail order marketing plan . if you are in doubt , then refer to title 18 , section 1302 and 1341 of the u . s . postal and lottery laws . a product or service must be exchanged for the money received ; in this case , the product is the recipes . this plan also takes honest work , but the rewards are tremendous . keep a careful account of all money you received and money you spend for income tax purposes . there you have it ! the secret to making thousands for yourself . read this bulletin carefully and then reread it again . think about it , do the math and consider the wealth potential this holds for you . then send $ 2 . 00 cash and a self-addressed stamped envelope today to the addresses in positions # 1 below . go for it , order those recipes today . 1 . chocolate cream pie 2 . pineapple bavarian pudding henry w . frye , sr . harold lookwood 24684 atwood ave . 123 skokorat st . moreno valley , ca 92553 seymour , ct . 06483 3 . chocolate walnut cookies 4 . cheese garlic biscuits vincent myers , jr . dlh enterprises inc . 848 n . rainbow , # 351 p . o . box 5854 las vegas , nv 89107 san jose , ca 95150 5 . magic cookies bar acw enterprises p . o . box 3004-332 corvallis , or 97333 i tried a similar program in which the cost was $ 5 . 00 . in that one , the response was only about 3 % . the first time i sent out this recipe program a got my first responses in just one week . i sent out 250 letters instead of just 100 so my percentage of gains was higher . i am trying again with 500 letters to see if i can surpass the $ 141 , 236 . 00 of the last time . good luck to all of you . it really works ! ! ! sally freisch , st louis , il
  """",1
  104,""""Subject: affordable family dental care
   
   with over 30 , 000 dentists nationwide we ' ll have one near you . for about $ 10 . 00 a month your family will save an average of 30-80 % on all dental procedures . includes : * routine cleaning and polishing , fillings , root canals , crowns , dentures , braces . * new sealants to prevent cavities . * cosmetic dentistry such as teeth whitening and veneers . * no paperwork , all pre-existing dental problems qualify with no waiting periods * toll - free doctor locator number . for further details please call 1-800 - 463-6021 please refer to id code - - - jj0521 p . s . call in for details before may 28th and with your dental plan receive the optical plan free ! thank you .
  """",1
  105,""""Subject: the time for financial freedom is now ! !
   
   abc super re-qualifier associated benefit consultants dear fellow entrepreneur , this letter is an urgent attempt to reach you ! we would like to hear from you within the next 24 to 48 hrs . hopefully , this has reached you at an opportune time for your immediate reply ! your attention is needed today as your new income can start in as little as 4 to 7 days from now ! we want you to hear first-hand about an exciting breakthrough in money-making opportunities . the abc super re - qualifier . this is the fast , simple and most powerful money-maker you have hoped to discover ! research has shown that a person 's potential for success increases by 80 % when receiving personalized instruction . we invite you to become involved in this easy , but ingenious program that involves personal instruction from our hand-picked organization members . each has the professional skill and expertise to personally guide you to your financial freedom . you can immediately utilize an existing program that accomplishes the following : 1 . generates pre-qualified prospects and send them to you . 2 . team support - live interactive conference calls 3 . 7 . 9 cpm long distance and virtual office . 4 . stocks and ships the product directly to your customers doors . 5 . pays you daily by overnight airborne express to your front door . 6 . permits you the realistic opportunity to earn $ 24 , 000 + per month ! 7 . produce new income on a spare time , part time or full time basis . you know what wealth has always been attained by the select few who were the first to take advantage of a new and powerful opportunity . that opportunity is here . . . . . it is the abc super re - qualifier ! the time for your financial freedom is now ! ! you must , however , be very serious and sincere about earning the income this program offers . for this reason , we have instructed our organization to devote time only to those who are genuine about improving their financial situation . are you seriously looking for a real program that produces large revenues ? if so , we urge you to call our office at the 24 hr - toll free number . 1-800 - 539-5648 leave us a message and we will be notified of your response . we will promptly return your call with all the information you will need to get you on your way to making an additional income yet this week ! remember . . . . . timing is everything ! ! to your success , john , cheryl , stephanie , bill , richard , judy & debra abc marketing team98 1-800 - 539-5648 """""""" this is the program others try to copy . i highly recommend abc """""""" - paul barron , ca """""""" i ' ve never seen such a fast and simple way to make a large income """""""" - alan louis , tx """""""" abc is the perfect home-based business , and the money is great """""""" - andrew kerr , ca """""""" at last a real program . with fast money . . . thanks abc - s . herman , tx """""""" i gave up on mlm , abc made me a believer again , within 2 weeks i have made $ 1 , 600 """""""" - c . s
  """",1
  106,""""Subject: hi !
   
   this is a multi-part message in mime format . - - part0 _ 895780918 _ boundary content - id : content - type : text / plain ; charset = us-ascii - - part0 _ 895780918 _ boundary content - id : content - type : message / rfc822 content - transfer-encoding : 7bit content - disposition : inline from : hackevin return - path : to : hackevin @ aol . com subject : hi ! date : thu , 21 may 1998 11 : 34 : 50 edt organization : aol ( http : / / www . aol . com ) mime - version : 1 . 0 content - type : text / plain ; charset = us-ascii content - transfer-encoding : 7bit so much porn and so little time ! ! ! click here now ! ! ! and if you are gay click here now ! ! ! - - part0 _ 895780918 _ boundary - -
  """",1
  107,""""Subject: the ultimate free xxx experience ! !
   
   this is a multi-part message in mime format . - - part0 _ 895794301 _ boundary content - id : content - type : text / plain ; charset = us-ascii - - part0 _ 895794301 _ boundary content - id : content - type : message / rfc822 content - transfer-encoding : 7bit content - disposition : inline from : mad kevin return - path : to : madkevin @ aol . com subject : the ultimate free xxx experience ! ! date : thu , 21 may 1998 19 : 38 : 18 edt organization : aol ( http : / / www . aol . com ) mime - version : 1 . 0 content - type : text / plain ; charset = us-ascii content - transfer-encoding : 7bit click here now ! ! ! - - part0 _ 895794301 _ boundary - -
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  108,""""Subject: your complete internet business source
   
   remove instructions below . all remove requests are respectfully processed immediately . i . m . c . internet marketing consultants is your complete internet business resource company no other company offers you a more complete selection of internet business software ! visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc we wholesale all internet business software programs we have the best prices available we will not be undersold ! and we guarantee it ! the cutting edge of internet business technology bulk e-mail software : express mail server - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 275 stealth mass mailer - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 195 extractor pro 98 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 395 extractor lite - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 99 extractor pro 98 upgrade - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 199 net contact v6 . 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 395 net contact upgrade - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 149 mach-10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 395 direct mail - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 395 stealth v3 . 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 195 stealth v4 . 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 395 e - mail address collection software : webcollector - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 295 sonic - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 295 geo - list - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 295 gold disk targeter - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 389 gold disk infinity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 389 e - mail @ dress locator - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 395 e - mail @ dress locator w / 98 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 295 address online collector - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 99 web weasel v3 . 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 199 advanced web site software : web position analyzer professional - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 279 web position analyzer standard - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 99 website caller id - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 75 world launch - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 49 world launch pro - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 99 e - mail lists : we also have 60 million brand new e-mail addresses and an excellent """""""" remove list """""""" service available for - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - only $ 99 . custom lists available call today ! many more programs to choose from ! visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc imc are authorized software dealers all fully licensed software all 100 % legal / no pirate copies you download free demos from our full service web sites complete with step by step instructional tutorials ! you will not find these programs anywhere for less we will beat or match any prices of legal edition software ! call i . m . c . today ( 808 ) 876-1550 or fax your order request to : ( 808 ) 878-6869 ( include your name , phone number , e-mail address ) visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc we carry all software available on earth and we will not be undersold ! join the : i . m . c . software program for only $ 49 . 00 plus s&h and save 80 % to 95 % on all software both p . c . and mac versions available for free brochure call or fax your : ( 1 ) name ( 2 ) postal address ( 3 ) e-mail address ( 4 ) phone number to : i . m . c . phone : ( 808 ) 876-1550 fax : ( 808 ) 878-6869 or mail your info request to : imc attn . software program dept . p . o . box 809 kula , hi . 96790 we accept all major credit cards : visa * master card * american express * discover card we can also accept checks by fax ! simply fax your check to : 808-878 - 6869 so do n't hesitate , call today this offer is for a limited time only ! call i . m . c at : phone : ( 808 ) 876-1550 fax : ( 808 ) 878-6869 visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc place your order today while supplies last and we ' ll be happy to send you a demo copy and answer any questions you may have . or call us and we will give you our full service web site addresses remove instructions : to be removed from our mailing list or to be added to our """""""" global remove list """""""" and to be removed from many other mailing lists as well , simply go to : http : / / www . ctct . com all remove requests are respectfully processed immediately
  """",1
  109,""""Subject: re : ems the best software at the best $
   
   remove instructions below . all remove requests are respectfully immediately the cutting edge of e-mail technology : """""""" express mail server """""""" from imc for only $ 275 for a limited time only ! this is the best of all e-mail programs , we know we have tried them all . if your reading this message , that only proves it works you will not find it anywhere for less you can download a demo for free from our full service web site , complete with step by step instructional tutorial ! visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc ( if you can't log into the site just call us , sometime the site is overloaded with hits ) try before you buy ! we know you will love it ! it 's a bulk e-mailers dream come true , at last ! the same software goes for $ 695 . 00 ! you can also get it for $ 495 . 00 from l . s . enterprises you can call : 808-876 - 1550 and get more information or order a copy today for $ 275 ( for a limited time only ) . or fax your order / info request to : ( 808 ) 878-6869 ( include your name , phone number , e-mail address ) visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc ( if you can't log into the site just call us , sometime the site is overloaded with hits ) we also have 60 million e-mail addresses and an excellent """""""" remove list """""""" service available for only $ 99 . we accept all major credit cards : visa * master card * american express * discover card we can also accept checks by fax ! simply fax your check to : 808-878 - 6869 so do n't hesitate , call today this offer is for a limited time only ! what is express mail server ? express mail server ( ems ) bulk e-mail software is the only thing that works . ems transforms your computer into a personal mail server . with no additional hardware , ems software will give you complete control of your mailings , because the mail you send will originate from your computer and be delivered directly into the mailbox of your recipient . since the mail originates from your computer , it is no longer necessary to use your internet service provider 's mail server . when you use the previous generation stealth or cloaking type programs , they work by uploading your mail to your provider 's mail server . they can also be programmed to send mail through other providers mail servers without authorization ( this is considered theft of service ) . the problem is , the previous generation stealth type programs upload the messages faster than these mail servers can process them . many times this causes a provider 's mail server to bog down and crash . obviously , this will make providers furious with you . furthermore , you may think that you are sending hundreds of thousands of messages , unfortunately , most of it simply gets filtered and deleted by the mail server . you are lucky to get 10 % - 20 % of that mail delivered . with ems software your computer emulates a mail server and you actually control and watch all your mail being delivered piece by piece . there is a 100 % delivery rate with this program anywhere on the internet . we did say 100 % delivery rate to any internet email addresses . a bold claim but it is true . this is the latest technical advance in bulk email since the advent of the stealth type programs . this program verifies domains and validity of email addresses before sending mail . this dramatically reduces your bounced back undeliverables . bounced back undeliverables can sure bog down a server . you can also control where you want any bounced back mail to go . it can go to any email address you want with ems . ems can work with any dial up internet account , ( aol is not considered a dial up internet account ) an isdn line or a t - 1 or t - 3 . it runs on windows 95 or nt . we have not heard of any person losing a dial up account with this software . one reason bulk email is so frowned upon with numerous isp 's ( internet service providers ) is people try to send as much mail as they can , as quick as they can and crash the mail server of the isp . this won't happen with ems software since you do n't since you do n't use the mail server of the isp to send your mail . the program actually sends the mail directly from your computer , which is now , a bona fide mail server , to the recipients mail server avoiding any potential blocks that would prevent you from reaching those on your mailing list . you do not have to """""""" forge """""""" headers or randomize anything to have 100 % of your mail delivered , although the program does allow for randomization and customizing of headers . you can send mail omitting the """""""" to """""""" """""""" from """""""" and """""""" reply to """""""" portions of your headers . want to send out your messages in color . this is not a problem with ems . just select a font color with your mouse , and then click on a background color as well . want to make your font bold or put it into italics , just point and click . want your message centered or shifted left or right , once again just point and click . unlike all of the others , ( which are all the same , but go by different names ) this software is very straightforward and easy to use . if you can log on to aol , you already know more about computers than you 'd need to use ems . we also provide technical support by phone to answer any questions you may have . ems works with any windows 95 or nt computer . it requires no additional hardware or software . the ems software sends at speeds up to 80 , 000 messages per hour delivered using a modest pentium and a 28 . 8 modem . rates will dramatically increase with an isdn or cable modem and of course with a t - 1 they will be even faster . if you want to take advantage of this breakthrough in bulk email technology give us a call on the number below . we do n't plan on repeat mailings for this product so take advantage of this opportunity . the cost to you is $ 275 . 00 ! money well spent if you consider that you can buy stealth ( or the many others like it . . . they all operate the same way ) for $ 400 . you might be happy with stealth if you do n't mind frequent loss of dial-up accounts , and lot of complaints . not getting a lot of your mail delivered due to blocks and crashed mail servers deleting your mail , along with the resulting low response rate from your mailings , all of which defeated the purpose of e-mailing in the first place ! few people are aware of this new technology , so you are already leaps and bounds ahead of any competition . using this , you can sell anything you wish , over and over . also , consider that you may decide to offer a mailing service to others . you ' ve probably gotten e-mails that claim they can send your advertisement e-mail for a cost of $ 200 per 100 , 000 . what most people do n't realize is that only 20 or 30 of the mail they pay these people to get sent actually gets delivered ! this mailing service is very profitable , and using this software , you can advertise that service to millions for free ! we also have cd roms with 60 million addresses to help you start . with your purchase , visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc ( if you can't log into the site just call us , sometime the site is overloaded with hits ) call i . m . c at : phone : ( 808 ) 876-1550 fax : ( 808 ) 878-6869 and place your order today while supplies last and we ' ll be happy to send you a demo copy and answer any questions you may have . or call us and we will give you our full service web site addresses to be removed from our mailing list or to be added to our """""""" global remove list """""""" simply go to : http : / / www . ctct . com all remove requests are respectfully immediately
  """",1
  110,""""Subject: help make the world a better place !
   
   dear investor , it 's quite obvious we ' re more powerful in numbers than alone , we can stamp out problems we are faced with day in day out but we make no attempt and if any very little to help irradicate a . i . d . s , famin , the homeless , cancer , child abuse , victims of rape and incest , violence and corruption world wide and do n't forget the environment ( it 's a total disaster ) . panamanian offshore banks require as little as $ 1 000 000 . 00 usd in paid in capital to qualify for bank registration . your $ 1 000 . 00 usd investment or more can lead you to an unlimited return . here 's some mathematical logistics you take 1000 people together each investing $ 1 000 . 00 usd that makes $ 1 000 000 . 00 usd . we go to panama and register for public listing so all our shareholders can each get 1000 shares each at $ 1 . 00 per share , if all goes well and the securities commission accepts the public listing , we go to step 2 . step 2 . we go to the banking commission and apply for a bank license and upon approval , you ' ve got your bank owned by 1000 shareholders each holding 1000 shares and can be traded freely and we can apply for a listing on the panamanian stock exchange or any other exchange therafter . let 's look at the example below to see how power can be in numbers . the minimal interest paid out for example sake is 12 % anually on $ 1 000 000 . 00 that gives a return of is $ 120 000 . 00 usd . now let 's go back to reality if you take $ 1 000 . 00 usd and if your lucky your bank will give you at most a 4 % annual interest rate , that gives you a return of $ 40 . 00 usd . now let 's recap , we have 1000 shareholders who invested $ 1 000 . 00 usd each and at the end of a year each shareholders shares have made a substantial return , the exact return for this example is the return on $ 1 000 000 . 00 usd at 12 % annual interest which is $ 120 000 . 00 usd divided by 1000 shareholders = $ 120 . 00 and each of your shares has just incresed by 0 . 12 , $ 120 . 00 divided by 1000 shares = 0 . 12 cents . you ' ve gained 3 times the return compared to the return your bank would have given you after a year . now this is a very bad example because banks deal with daily currency trades , bankers acceptances , treasury bills , government bonds , gics , stocks , mutual funds , credit and debit / check cards , loans , lines of credit , mortgages and daily transaction fees . but the example above gives you a clear picture that alone you do not have the potential that a mere 1000 people have and with a group you see that your profit potential is much greater because your total capital is much greater and gives you more opportunities and greater flexibility . with banks making record profits of $ 800 000 000 - $ 1 . 5 billion and over a year and with unjustified service charges . we would like to present a new way of battling this service charge frenzy and to contribute back to the community by helping any one of our list of charitable organisations or one of your choice . below is a brief description of our investment objective . our bank will concentrate on the usage of the internet to reduce overhead as well as have the upmost personal touch for commercial , personal and private banking . our sevice charges , which will be few , will be unbeatable . you do n't have to maintain a fixed minimum balance , no costly wire transfer fees . no balance inquiry atm fees and no withdrawal fees . check processing fees will be low as well as many other fees , if any . we also will select a group of charities in which 5 - 8 % of our profits will go to , if you have a charity in mind please e-mail the charitys home page url or send documentation by mail to the address below . debit card facilities as well as checking accounts will be available for quick easy access to clients cashflow . panama has also been infamous for their banking secrecy , they have 116 different banks and are subjected to strict secrecy laws , so for whatever reason you might have for keeping your assets confidential , banking in panama can definitely cater to your needs . please print and fill out the contract below , also enclose your contact informations and e-mail address on a blank piece of paper . make all checks payable to """""""" investnet """""""" and mail to the address below . for large investments we can arrange for an interest bearing investment deposit while we are completing the investment objective . we are also accepting investments below $ 1 000 . 00 usd . in the event the objective to bring together $ 1 000 000 . 00 usd for the investment project , if our attempt to register a bank in panama fails , as is stated in the contract certain funds will be totally refunded and you will be frequently notified of the status of the investment via e-mail . we also specialize in offshore banking and private trusts , please feel free to write us with your requirements at the address below . power is in numbers , let 's get together and make the difference ! yours sincerely , mr . eric wilhem administrator investnet 116 west service road # 130 champlain , ny 12919 this contract binds you """""""" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """""""" and """""""" investnet corp . """""""" in agreement to the following articles . 1 . that any investment deposit made by yourself or on behalf of another person or corporation , trust fund , insurance company or investment club , will be kept in escrow for the investment objective in question . 2a . investnet corp will inform you on a regular basis via e-mail on the status of the investment objective at hand . b . investnet corp will also inform you on completion of the investment objective and your future status as a shareholder upon completion and approval by the required bodies concerning this investment type . c . the investment in question and its ' type being in a short description """""""" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """""""" . 3a . the total time period for the investment objective shall not exceed 3 years from this contract date and in the event the investment objective is not reached you shall be notified of the administrators decision to terminate and liquidate funds at his discretion and not exceeding one year from the notification date . b . any investment below $ 101 . 00 usd will not be returned if the investment objective is not completed but will be donated to a charity of our choice . c . any investment above $ 100 . 00 usd will be returned when the ruling administrator has given notification for termination of the investment objective and liquidation of funds . 4 . any seperate agreement with """""""" investnet corp . """""""" shall no longer bind investnet and the party in question as of the date of the new agreement . """""""" interest bearing deposits """""""" 5a . """""""" investnet corp . """""""" will pay upon liquidation the interest accrued by the particular investment , unless otherwise agreed . b . the interest rate to which """""""" investnet corp """""""" agrees to pay on fluctuating investment instruments will be paid out accordingly and follow the market in question . 6 . any interest bearing investment deposit shall be converted to the appropriate amount of shares deemed by investnet upon finalisation of the public offering , and delivery shall commence therafter . dated : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sole or joint signature ( s ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """""""" investnet corp . ( acting administrator ) investment interest bearing deposit schedule any investment of $ 10 000 . 00 usd + will be given special consideration . * note : this is an annual rate . 100-3000 3 . 5 % 3000-5000 4 . 5 % 5000-25000 5 . 5 ( special rate for your first 5000-25000 ) 25000 + 4 . 5 investnet corp . 116 west service road # 130 champlain , ny 12919
  """",1
  111,""""Subject: web promotion spider
   
   web promote spider with well over 80 million documents on the web today , getting your site noticed is a difficult process . going to each search engine , link page , directory , and newsgroup to manually submit your page could realistically take weeks to complete . announcing the web promote spider ! created specifically to meet the needs of those who want their web pages to get noticed and placed in the top of the search engines ! the spider automates the process of submitting your site and uses powerful technology to get your site listed in the top positions . we ' ve developed the web promote spider for windows 95 and nt . this amazing program automatically submits your site to over 250 ( the list grows daily ) major search engines and directories ! plus , the web promote spider has an expert html reader system inside . it will change certain contents of your html text and automatically prepare needed information for online registration in search engines to optimize your pages and get them listed on top . originally engineered for use by the professional advertising industry , this program is easy and intuitive to use . beginners will be amazed at how simple it is to take complete control over their search engines and index marketing efforts . the web promote spider is an industrial strength marketing tool and an extremely valuable part of any publicity campaign . with this kind of power , it should come as no surprise that many of our customers have even built profitable on-line promotional businesses with this product and their existing internet connection ! with your payment of only $ 49 . 95 ( standard version ) you will receive the current web promotion spider program . also , you can have all the new upgrades free . each upgrade will have a list of new internet search engines / online directories and , of course , new features . plus , you get free upgrades which come out twice a month with new features and new search engines . register now and you ' ll continue to get our upgrades , which keep the program up-to - date and getting better and better ! now submitting to 250 + search engines , free . we are proud to announce that we now have two powerful versions of the web promote spider , our standard version and our brand new pro version . our standard version is designed for those individuals who have one or two sites that they want to be able to submit , and want to see dramatic increases in their sites visibility . our pro version is designed for isp 's , webmasters , hosting providers , and anyone who has multiple sites they need to promote thoroughly . while the standard version does track all registration campaigns for you , it can still be somewhat time intensive if you register several sites at once , or on a regular basis . you can see why the web promote spider is taking the net by storm ! professional version while the standard version of this product seems to meet the promotional needs of most of our customers , we also recognize the need for an ' industrial strength ' version of web promote spider . the professional version is designed for isp 's , webmasters , hosting providers , and anyone who has multiple sites they need to promote thoroughly . while the standard version tracks all registration campaigns for you , it can still be time intensive if you have to register several sites at once . to make this easier and more efficient for our customers , we have added several new features to the brand new professional version : deep promotion - this feature will automatically explore every internal link in your site , and develop registration information for each page for you automatically . for instance , in the standard version , if you have a 30 page site , you would have to run web promote spider thirty times , manually inputting each page into the registration queue . in the professional version , this is all automatic , and can be done in a matter of minutes . batch processing - if you are responsible for registering or maintaining several sites , you will find this feature particularly useful . you can load in multiple sites , and set the program to run all the sites at once , generating and saving a separate registration report on each . this report can easily be copied to the windows clipboard for pasting into reports , email , etc . expanded promotion resources - while the standard version of the spider will submit to 250 registration resources this list will continue to grow but not as quickly as what 's being planned on the professional version . the pro version currently has 400 and will soon have at least 1 , 000 automatic registration options / resources . if you ' re a previous owner of the standard version , the cost is only $ 49 . 95 to upgrade ! if you ' re a first time user and would like to start using the pro version right away , the cost is $ 99 . 90 . for more info please visit our web site at : http : / / www . gaura . com / software / sys . htm to order order by fax visa or mastercard fax : ( 425 ) 379-9722 we will give you the address to download the program or for an extra $ 10 . 00 we ' ll send your the program on cd - rom name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ home phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ work phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ standard version $ 49 . 95 _ _ pro version $ 99 . 90 _ _ upgrade $ 49 . 95 ( from standard to pro , if you already have the standard version ) _ _ _ send cd - rom $ 10 . 00 _ _ _ provide download address . . no charge _ _ _ _ _ total visa _ _ _ mastercard _ _ _ _ account number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i understand that all sales are final . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",1
  112,""""Subject: re : ems simply the best for the best $
   
   remove instructions below . all remove requests are respectfully immediately the cutting edge of e-mail technology : """""""" express mail server """""""" from imc for only $ 275 for a limited time only ! this is the best of all e-mail programs , we know we have tried them all . if your reading this message , that only proves it works you will not find it anywhere for less you can download a demo for free from our full service web site , complete with step by step instructional tutorial ! visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc try before you buy ! we know you will love it ! it 's a bulk e-mailers dream come true , at last ! the same software goes for $ 695 . 00 ! you can also get it for $ 495 . 00 from l . s . enterprises you can call : 808-876 - 1550 and get more information or order a copy today for $ 275 ( for a limited time only ) . or fax your order / info request to : ( 808 ) 878-6869 ( include your name , phone number , e-mail address ) visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc we also have 60 million e-mail addresses and an excellent """""""" remove list """""""" service available for only $ 99 . we accept all major credit cards : visa * master card * american express * discover card we can also accept checks by fax ! simply fax your check to : 808-878 - 6869 so do n't hesitate , call today this offer is for a limited time only ! what is express mail server ? express mail server ( ems ) bulk e-mail software is the only thing that works . ems transforms your computer into a personal mail server . with no additional hardware , ems software will give you complete control of your mailings , because the mail you send will originate from your computer and be delivered directly into the mailbox of your recipient . since the mail originates from your computer , it is no longer necessary to use your internet service provider 's mail server . when you use the previous generation stealth or cloaking type programs , they work by uploading your mail to your provider 's mail server . they can also be programmed to send mail through other providers mail servers without authorization ( this is considered theft of service ) . the problem is , the previous generation stealth type programs upload the messages faster than these mail servers can process them . many times this causes a provider 's mail server to bog down and crash . obviously , this will make providers furious with you . furthermore , you may think that you are sending hundreds of thousands of messages , unfortunately , most of it simply gets filtered and deleted by the mail server . you are lucky to get 10 % - 20 % of that mail delivered . with ems software your computer emulates a mail server and you actually control and watch all your mail being delivered piece by piece . there is a 100 % delivery rate with this program anywhere on the internet . we did say 100 % delivery rate to any internet email addresses . a bold claim but it is true . this is the latest technical advance in bulk email since the advent of the stealth type programs . this program verifies domains and validity of email addresses before sending mail . this dramatically reduces your bounced back undeliverables . bounced back undeliverables can sure bog down a server . you can also control where you want any bounced back mail to go . it can go to any email address you want with ems . ems can work with any dial up internet account , ( aol is not considered a dial up internet account ) an isdn line or a t - 1 or t - 3 . it runs on windows 95 or nt . we have not heard of any person losing a dial up account with this software . one reason bulk email is so frowned upon with numerous isp 's ( internet service providers ) is people try to send as much mail as they can , as quick as they can and crash the mail server of the isp . this won't happen with ems software since you do n't since you do n't use the mail server of the isp to send your mail . the program actually sends the mail directly from your computer , which is now , a bona fide mail server , to the recipients mail server avoiding any potential blocks that would prevent you from reaching those on your mailing list . you do not have to """""""" forge """""""" headers or randomize anything to have 100 % of your mail delivered , although the program does allow for randomization and customizing of headers . you can send mail omitting the """""""" to """""""" """""""" from """""""" and """""""" reply to """""""" portions of your headers . want to send out your messages in color . this is not a problem with ems . just select a font color with your mouse , and then click on a background color as well . want to make your font bold or put it into italics , just point and click . want your message centered or shifted left or right , once again just point and click . unlike all of the others , ( which are all the same , but go by different names ) this software is very straightforward and easy to use . if you can log on to aol , you already know more about computers than you 'd need to use ems . we also provide technical support by phone to answer any questions you may have . ems works with any windows 95 or nt computer . it requires no additional hardware or software . the ems software sends at speeds up to 80 , 000 messages per hour delivered using a modest pentium and a 28 . 8 modem . rates will dramatically increase with an isdn or cable modem and of course with a t - 1 they will be even faster . if you want to take advantage of this breakthrough in bulk email technology give us a call on the number below . we do n't plan on repeat mailings for this product so take advantage of this opportunity . the cost to you is $ 275 . 00 ! money well spent if you consider that you can buy stealth ( or the many others like it . . . they all operate the same way ) for $ 400 . you might be happy with stealth if you do n't mind frequent loss of dial-up accounts , and lot of complaints . not getting a lot of your mail delivered due to blocks and crashed mail servers deleting your mail , along with the resulting low response rate from your mailings , all of which defeated the purpose of e-mailing in the first place ! few people are aware of this new technology , so you are already leaps and bounds ahead of any competition . using this , you can sell anything you wish , over and over . also , consider that you may decide to offer a mailing service to others . you ' ve probably gotten e-mails that claim they can send your advertisement e-mail for a cost of $ 200 per 100 , 000 . what most people do n't realize is that only 20 or 30 of the mail they pay these people to get sent actually gets delivered ! this mailing service is very profitable , and using this software , you can advertise that service to millions for free ! we also have cd roms with 60 million addresses to help you start . with your purchase , visit our web site at : http : / / 138 . 27 . 44 . 5 . cearth . on . ca / users / imc call i . m . c at : phone : ( 808 ) 876-1550 fax : ( 808 ) 878-6869 and place your order today while supplies last and we ' ll be happy to send you a demo copy and answer any questions you may have . or call us and we will give you our full service web site addresses to be removed from our mailing list or to be added to our """""""" global remove list """""""" simply go to : http : / / www . ctct . com all remove requests are respectfully immediately
  """",1
  113,""""Subject: a great business opportunity just for you !
   
   hello ! about two months ago i received it again and , because of the catchy subject line , i finally read it . afterwards , i thought , """""""" ok , i give in , i ' m going to try this . i can certainly afford to invest $ 20 and , on the other hand , there 's nothing wrong with creating a little excess cash . """""""" i promptly mailed four $ 5 bills and , after receiving the reports , paid a friend of mine a small fee to send out some e-mail advertisements for me . after reading the reports , i also learned how easy it is to bulk e-mail for free ! i was not prepared for the results . every day for the last six weeks , my p . o . box has been overflowing with $ 5 bills ; many days the excess fills up an extra mail bin and i ' ve had to upgrade to the corporate-size box ! i am stunned by all the money that keeps rolling in ! my husband and i have been saving for several years to make a substantial downpayment on a house . now , not only are we purchasing a house with 40 % down , we ' re going to venice , italy to celebrate ! i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be prepared to eventually set aside about an hour each day to follow up ( and count your money ! ) , you will make at least as much money as we did . if you can open an envelope , remove the money , and send an e-mail message , then you ' re on your way to the bank . take the time to read this so you ' ll understand how easy it is . if i can do this , so can you ! = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = * * * print this now for future reference * * * the following income opportunity is one you may be interested in taking a look at . it can be started with very little investmentand the income return is tremendous ! ! ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ you are about to make at least $ 50 , 000 in less than 90 days ! please read the enclosed program . . . then read it again ! ! ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legitimate , legal , money making opportunity . it does not require you to come into contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house except to get the mail . if you believe that someday you ' ll get that big break that you ' ve been waiting for , this is it ! simply follow the instructions , and your dream will come true . this multi-level e-mail order marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time . e - mail is the sales tool of the future . take advantage of this non-commercialized method of advertising now ! ! ! the longer you wait , the more people will be doing business using e-mail . get your piece of this action ! ! ! multi-level marketing ( mlm ) has finally gained respectability . it is being taught in the harvard business school , and both stanford research and the wall street journal have stated that between 50 % and 65 % of all goods and services will be sold through multi-level methods by the mid to late 1990 's . this is a multi - billion dollar industry and of the 500 , 000 millionaires in the u . s . , 20 % ( 100 , 000 ) made their fortune in the last several years in mlm . moreover , statistics show 45 people become millionaires everyday through multi - level marketing . the enclosed information is something i almost let slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . my name is christopher erickson . two years ago , the corporation i worked at for the past twelve years down-sized and my position was eliminated . after unproductive job interviews , i decided to open my own business . over the past year , i incured many unforeseen financial problems . i owed my family , friends and creditors over $ 35 , 000 . the economy was taking a toll on my business and i just could n't seem to make ends meet . i had to refinance and borrow against my home to support my family and struggling business . at that moment something significant happend in my life and i am writing to share the experience in hopes that this will change your life forever financially ! ! ! in mid december , i received this program via e-mail . six month 's prior to receiving this program i had been sending away for information on various business opportunities . all of the programs i received , in my opinion , were not cost effective . they were either too difficult for me to comprehend or the initial investment was too much for me to risk to see if they would work or not . one claimed that i would make a million dollars in one year . . . it did n't tell me i 'd have to write a book to make it ! but like i was saying , in december of 1995 i received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off a mailing list . thank goodness for that ! ! ! after reading it several times , to make sure i was reading it correctly , i could n't believe my eyes . here was a money making phenomenon . i could invest as much as i wanted to start , without putting me further into debt . after i got a pencil and paper and figured it out , i would at least get my money back . after determining the program was legal and not a chain letter , i decided """""""" why not . """""""" initially i sent out 10 , 000 e-mails . it cost me about $ 15 . 00 for my time on-line . the great thing about e-mail is that i do n't need any money for printing to send out the program , only the cost to fulfill my orders . i am telling you like it is , i hope it does n't turn you off , but i promised myself that i would not """""""" rip-off """""""" anyone , no matter how much money it cost me ! in less than one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by january 13 , i had received 26 orders for report # 1 . when you read the guarantee in the program , you will see that """""""" you must receive 15-20 orders for report # 1 within 2 weeks . if you don ' t , send out more programs until you do ! """""""" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in 20-90 days was done . by january 30 , i had received 196 orders for report # 2 . if you go back to the guarantee , """""""" you must receive 100 + orders for report # 2 within 2 weeks . if not , send out more programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goal """""""" well , i had 196 orders for report # 2 , 96 more than i needed . so i sat back and relaxed . by march 19 , of my e-mailing of 10 , 000 , i received $ 58 , 000 with more coming in every day . i paid off all my debts and bought a much needed new car . please take time to read the attatched program , it will change your life forever ! ! ! remember , it won't work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place . it won't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! report # 2 explains this . always follow the guarantee , 15-20 orders for report # 1 , and 100 + orders for report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or more in 20-90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i am sorry . it really is a great opportunity with little cost or risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to financial security . if you are a fellow business owner and are if financial trouble like i was , or you want to start your own business , consider this a sign . i did ! sincerely , christopher erickson p . s . do you have any idea what 11 , 700 $ 5 bills ( $ 58 , 000 ) look like piled up on a kitchen table ? it ' s awesome ! a personal note from the orginator of this program : by the time you have read the enclosed program and reports , you should have concluded that such a program , and one that is legal , could not have been created by an amateur . let me tell you a little about myself . i had a profitable business for 10 years . then in 1979 my business began falling off . i was doing the same things that were previously successfull for me , but it was n't working . finally , i figured it out . it was n't me , it was the economy . inflation and recession had replaced the stable economy that had been with us since 1945 . i do n't have to tell you what happend to the unemployment rate . . . because many of you know from first hand experience . there were more failures and bankruptcies than ever before . the middle class was vanishing . those who knew what they were doing invested wisely and moved up . those who did not , including those who never had anything to save or invest , were moving down into the ranks of the poor . as the saying goes , """""""" the rich get richer and the poor get poorer . """""""" the traditional methods of making money will never allow you to """""""" move up """""""" or """""""" get rich """""""" , inflation will see to that . you have just received information that can give you financial freedom for the rest of your life , with """""""" no risk """""""" and """""""" just a little bit of effort . """""""" you can make more money in the next few months than you have ever imagined . i should also point out that i will not see a penny of this money , nor anyone else who has provided a testimonial for this program . i have already made over 4 million dollars ! i have retired from the program after sending out over 16 , 000 programs . now i have several offices that make this and several other programs here and over seas . by the spring we wish to market the """""""" internet """""""" by a partnership with america on line . follow the program exactly as instructed . do not change it in any way . it works exceedingly well as it is now . remember to e-mail a copy of this exciting report to everyone you can think of . one of the people you send this to may send out 50 , 000 . . . and your name will be on everyone of them ! remember though , the more you send out the more potential customers you will reach . so my friend , i have given you the ideas , information , materials and opportunity to become financially independent , it is up to you now ! """""""" think about it """""""" before you delete this program from your mailbox , as i almost did , take a little time to read it and really think about it . get a pencil and figure out what could happen when you participate . figure out the worst possible response and no matter how you calculate it , you will still make a lot of money ! you will definitely get back what you invested . any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . it works ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc here ' s how this amazing program will make you $ $ $ $ $ let 's say that you decide to start small , just to see how it goes , and we ' ll assume you and all those involved send out only 2 , 000 programs each . let 's also assume that the mailing receives a 0 . 5 % response . using a good list the response could be much better . also many people will send out hundreds of thousands of programs instead of 2 , 000 . but continuing with this example , you send out only 2 , 000 programs . with a 0 . 5 % response , that is only 10 orders for report # 1 . those 10 people respond by sending out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 20 , 000 . out of those 0 . 5 % , 100 people respond and order report # 2 . those 100 mail out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 200 , 000 . the 0 . 5 % response to that is 1 , 000 orders for report # 3 . those 1 , 000 send out 2 , 000 programs each for a 2 , 000 , 000 total . the 0 . 5 % response to that is 10 , 000 orders for report # 4 . that 's 10 , 000 $ 5 bills for you . cash ! ! ! your total income in this example is $ 50 + $ 500 + $ 5 , 000 + $ 50 , 000 for a total of $ 55 , 550 ! ! ! remember friend , this is assuming 1 , 990 out of the 2 , 000 people you mail to will do absolutely nothing and trash this program ! dare to think for a moment what would happen if everyone , or half sent out 100 , 000 programs instead of 2 , 000 . believe me , many people will do just that , and more ! by the way , your cost to participate in this is practically nothing . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 3 will show you the best methods for bulk e-mailing and obtaining e-mail lists . instructions : we at erris mail order marketing businesses , have a method of raising capital that really works 100 % everytime . i am sure that you could use $ 50 , 000 to $ 125 , 000 in the next 20-90 days . before you say """""""" bull . . . """""""" , please read this program carefully . this is not a chain letter , but a perfectly legal money making opportunity . basically , this is what you do : as with all multi-level business , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the usa allows you to recruit new multi-level business partners , and we offer a product for every dollar sent . your orders come and are filled through the mail , so you are not involved in personal selling . you do it privately in your own home , store or office . this is the greatest multi - level mail order marketing anywhere : step ( 1 ) order all four ( 4 ) reports listed by name and number . do this by ordering the report from each of the four ( 4 ) names listed on the next page . for each report , send $ 5 cash and a self-addressed stamped envelope ( business size # 10 ) to the person listed for the specific report . international orders should also include $ 1 extra for postage . it is essential that you specify the name and number of the report requested to the person you are ordering it from . you will need all four ( 4 ) reports because you will be reprinting and reselling them . do not alter the names or sequence other than what the instructions say . important : always provide same-day service on all orders . step ( 2 ) replace the name and address under report # 1 with your 's , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . drop the name and address under report # 2 to report # 3 , moving the one that was there to report # 4 . the name and the address that was under report # 4 is dropped from the list and this party is no doubt on the way to the bank . when doing this , make certain you type the names and addresses accurately ! ! ! do not mix up moving product / report positions ! ! ! step ( 3 ) having made the requested changes in the name list , save it as text ( . txt ) file in it 's own directory to be used with whatever e-mail program you like . again , report # 3 will tell you the best methods of bulk e-mailing and acquiring e-mail lists . step ( 4 ) e - mail a copy of the entire program ( all of this is very important ) to everyone whose address you can get your hands on . start with friends and relatives since you can encourage them to take advantage of this fabulous money-making opportunity . that 's what i did . and they love me now , more than ever . then , e-mail to anyone and everyone ! use your imagination ! you can get e-mail addresses from companies on the internet who specialize in e-mail mailing lists . these are very cheap , 100 , 000 addresses for around $ 35 . important : you won't get a good response if you use an old list , so always request a fresh , new list . you will find out where to purchase these lists when you order the four ( 4 ) reports . always provide same-day service on all orders ! ! ! required reports : * * * order each report by number and name * * * always send a self-addressed , stamped envelope and $ 5 cash for each order requesting the specific report by name and number . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """""""" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """""""" order report # 1 from : kathy smith 5312 s . e . 30 ave ocala , fl 34480-7524 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """""""" major corporations and multi-level sales """""""" order report # 2 from : micro info publishing inc . 2107 w . commonwealth ave . dept . 264 alhambra , ca 91803 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """""""" sources for the best mailing lists """""""" order report # 3 from : som co . 2168 s . atlantic blvd . # 101 monterey park , ca 91754 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """""""" evaluating multi-level sales plans """""""" order report # 4 from : kal inc . p . o . box 2433 glenview , il . 60025-2433 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conclusion : i am enjoying my fortune that i made by sending out this program . you too , will be making money in 20-90 days , if you follow the simple steps outlined in this mailing . to be financially independent is to be free . free to make financial decisions as never before . go into business , get into investments , retire or take a vacation . no longer will a lack of money hold you back . however , very few people reach financial independence , because when opportunity knocks , they choose to ignore it . it is much easier to say """""""" no """""""" than """""""" yes """""""" , and this the question that you must answer . will you ignore this amazing opportunity or will you take advantage of it ? if you do nothing , you have indeed missed something and nothing will change . please re-read this material , this is a special opportunity . if you have any questions , please feel free to write to the sender of this information . you will get a prompt and informative reply . my method is simple . i sell thousands of people a product for $ 5 that cost me pennies to produce and e-mail . i should also point out that this program is legal and everyone who participates will make money . this is not a chain letter or a pyramid scam . at times you probably received chain letters , asking you to send money , on faith , but getting nothing in return , no product what-so - ever ! not only are chain lettters illegal , but the risk of someone breaking the chain makes them quite unattractive . you are offering a legitimate product to your people . after they purchase the product from you , they reproduce more and resell them . it 's simple free enterprise . as you learned from the enclosed material , the product is a series of four ( 4 ) financial and business reports . the information contained in these reports will not only help you in making your participation in this program more rewarding , but will be useful to you in any other business decisions you make in the years ahead . you are also buying the rights to reprint all of the reports , which will be ordered from you by those to whom you mail this program . the concise one and two page reports you will be buying can easily be reproduced at a local copy center for a cost of about 3 cents a copy . best wishes with the program and good luck !
  """",1
  114,""""Subject: hey : )
   
   click here to recieve your free 1 month membership to the best adult sites on the internet ! we feature lesbians . . anal . . teens . . babes . . asian . . & group pics ! ! . . limited time only . . sign up now ! you must be at least 18 years to access this site .
  """",1
  115,""""Subject: do you need to know his or her background ? want to know his or her background ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? need to know his or her background ?
   
   locate anyone anywhere in usa * * * * * * * old friends lost loved ones deadbeat dads and moms our fee is $ 50 . 00 ( for locating ) other searches we perform are : assets criminal background marriage / divorce workmen compensation business credit reports drivers license records non - published phone numbers national real estate social security death file bankruptcy liens and judgments corporation profiles national credit reports personal or corporate pre - employment background pre - trial comprehensive reports non - published phone # s bank asset information safe deposit searches stocks , bonds , etc . search usa for more information call 1-888 - 464-5458 - ask for mr . jenkins * visa / master / discovery cards accepted 24 hour service * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",1
  116,""""Subject: link correction : 10 million $ sweepstakes
   
   download 9 million direct / filtered / mass mail friendly email addresses online for 48 hours completely free of charge and enter our new 10 million dollar sweepstakes today ! : - ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ click _ me _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ after 48 hours free trial period ends you have the option to purchase the below service : world 's largest direct email list now available on cd-rom . 61 million freshly filtered / opt-in / mass mail friendly listings are all yours for just $ 399 . 99 . we offer a generous 60 trial evaluation period and full satisfaction , money-back guarantee . an unbeatable , risk-free oppportunity for you . included with your cd-rom purchase is 1 year of full access to our online database of new email addresses . ( approx . 750 , 00 - 1 million added weekly ) for a limited time only , order now and receive a bonus cd-rom containing one free , fully licensed bulk mailing program . choose from one of the following : extractor pro 98 , direct mail 2 . 2 , stealth massmailer4 , email magnet v4 . 0 or divine intervention mmx2 . for further info and to place your order on our secure real time server cli ck _ now to order by mail , please send credit card billing info ( we accept amex , visa , mastercard , diner 's club & discover cards ) , personal checks and money orders also accepted for payment . fedex delivery of your order is provided free of charge . send payments to : webmasterfx billing suite # 102 511 avenue of the americas new york , ny 10011 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - headers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - return - path : received : from relay23 . mx . aol . com ( relay23 . mail . aol . com [ 172 . 31 . 106 . 69 ] ) by air17 . mail . aol . com ( v42 . 1 ) with smtp ; sun , 19 apr 1998 02 : 43 : 37 - 0400 received : from localhost . localhost ( mon-pq 7-12 . netcom . ca [ 207 . 181 . 93 . 76 ] ) by relay23 . mx . aol . com ( 8 . 8 . 5 / 8 . 8 . 5 / aol - 4 . 0 . 0 ) with esmtp id caa29655 ; sun , 19 apr 1998 02 : 39 : 40 - 0400 ( edt ) from : root @ 207 . 181 . 93 . 76 received : from localhost by localhost . localhost ; sun , 19 apr 98 02 : 38 : 24 - 0400 date : sun , 19 apr 98 02 : 06 : 05 est to : foryou @ ez-mail 672 . net subject : hi message - id : comments : authenticated sender is
  """",1
  117,""""Subject: do you need to know his or her background ? ? ? ? ? ?
   
   locate anyone anywhere in usa * * * * * * * old friends lost loved ones deadbeat dads and moms our fee is $ 50 . 00 ( for locating ) other searches we perform are : assets criminal background marriage / divorce workmen compensation business credit reports drivers license records non - published phone numbers national real estate social security death file bankruptcy liens and judgments corporation profiles national credit reports personal or corporate pre - employment background pre - trial comprehensive reports non - published phone # s bank asset information safe deposit searches stocks , bonds , etc . search usa for more information call 1-888 - 464-5458 - ask for mr . jenkins * visa / master / discovery cards accepted 24 hour service * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",1
  118,""""Subject: profit on technology !
   
   ( pardon this intrusion , you were mentioned as someone who would have an interest in technology ) we are in the beginning of an exciting , """""""" trillion dollar emerging market """""""" in technology . in the next 3 minutes below , i will show you how to capitalize on this extraordinary trend ! here 's the trillion dollar trend in american business that i ' m speaking of ! you may have noticed over the past few months the incredible number of billion dollar mergers in us business . huge mergers like worldcom and mci , travelers and citicorp - the list is endless but they one common thread - services , services , services ! ! services like : travel services , banking services , telephony services , entertainment services and utility services . all of these services that you , i and everyone we know use , are being combined into one , trillion dollar market of """""""" bundled services """""""" . services have been the fastest growing segment of the us economy for a number of years but this """""""" bundled services """""""" market is new . these are services that everyone uses - everyday , offered from one , simple source ! why are """""""" bundled services """""""" such a big deal ? let 's add it up : banking services = hundreds of billions travel services = hundred of billions telephony services = $ 200 billion in us , $ 1 trillion worldwide ( internet access , paging , cellular , long distance , local dial , cable tv , digital satellite , voice mail , virtual office , web tv ) utilities ( being deregulated now ) : electricity = $ 250 billion , gas = $ 70 bill . internet commerce = $ 8 billion ( projected to reach $ 350 billion in 5 years ) in short , """""""" bundled services """""""" are every conceivable service that you , i and everyone we know uses . a war is waging for these huge markets with the largest service companies in the world , and millions will be made from those entrepreneurs who position themselves in front of this trend . these service / technology companies are buying companies left and right so they can offer more services . these companies are fighting tooth and nail because they know something most of us do n't know . as a gte study reveals , when a customer enrolls on a single service they will stay on that service for an average of 2 years , with two services the average moves to 4 years . when a customer enrolls on 3 services , they will stay with that provider for an incredible average of 20 years ! imagine the cash flow on just one customer using 3 - 6-10 - 20 services , for 20 years . what would that cash flow be worth ? a whole bunch , and that 's why the race is on . the first company to get customers on 3 or more services - wins ! that 's why these service companies are spending billions in advertising to attract customers . but . . . these huge , traditional service companies have a serious problem . they can not get directly in front these customers . even if they could send someone directly over , would they find them at home ? if they were at home , would they let them in their house ? people decide on which service companies they wish to use , based on recommendations from people they know ! here 's my point : who better to make recommendations for services than from the people you know ! we do this unconsciously everyday anyway - now you can get paid for it ! we simply , and very passively , offer people we know , a """""""" free package of services """""""" designed to save them money and make their life simpler . the more they use the more they save ! this package will make their life easier with single billing for all the services they use . we can save them money by leveraging our parent companies $ 1 . 6 billion dollar buying power to offer the most competitive prices available anywhere for this package ! it gets even better ! we are not talking about no-name companies with questionable service . we are talking about the biggest service and technology companies in the world ! companies that are already a household name . these companies realize that """""""" word of mouth """""""" is the best way to get in front of customers . your associates & friends win , and you win ! they handle all the service / customer support - we just make the recommendation ( this could be as simple as passing out a brochure ) . services can create a true residual income ( no inventories here ! ) . what could an extra $ 10 - $ 50 , 000 a year do for your family - for the next 20 years ? with a more concentrated effort , the potential is """""""" income replacement """""""" and beyond . in addition to the monthly residual income you will earn on these services , you may also earn over rides on other re-marketers . the system of delivering services in the next evolutionary step in networking - we call it """""""" internetworking """""""" . the reason we call it """""""" internetworking """""""" is that everything can be accomplished via the internet . given the trillion dollar size of this untapped market , our financial backing and billion dollar partners , we project that we will be a billion dollar company and household name in 3 years . you are learning about us in the first 30 days ! timing is everything . imagine if you talked with an associate who has numerous property management contacts . let 's say this contact of yours knew several property managers who own thousands of rental units . the property management company could offer these services to thousands of tenants . the property management company earns a fortune , your associate earns a fortune and you earn a fortune . this is leveraged income ! there are hundreds of ways to market this because everyone uses these services . as a matter of fact , who do you know that would not be interested in saving money on their service bills , with the same top grade service companies and have the convenience of a single bill ? in summary , bundled services are a trillion dollar untapped market , ripe for entrepreneurs with vision . customers get the same quality service from the largest providers but now through one source ! because of our buying power and the fact you afford to give bigger discounts when customers are using more services ( bundled ) , it 's a win / win situation , and represents one of the largest business trends of this century . . . food for thought . . . social psychologists tell us that each person runs into at least two opportunities that could in fact , reshape their lives . the question here is this , is this your first opportunity or your last ? an interesting question . with a simple investigation , you will determine this opportunity and company , is for real . if you ' re too busy , that 's exactly why you need to do this . in three years or less , you can create the lifestyle you wish , with the effort of course . get the facts and make an informed decision . please visit our site now : http : / / www . vwcs . com / pauld thank you for your attention , the wave 4 group ps : this is a one time mailing
  """",1
  119,""""Subject: free marketing & money secrets
   
   / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / you have been selected to receive this message because of your presence on the world wide web . this is a one time message only . the sender has already removed you from any future mailings . but to be sure of compliance , just reply to the address below to be removed from the mailing list . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / attention : we spend alot of time targeting our mailings so that we reach the right people . if we have reached you in error , we are sorry for the inconvenience . thank you for your patience . dear friend , are you not fulfilling your financial dreams ? if you want to make more money by working for only a few hours each week ; what i am about to offer you is a chance to see a free website that can help you fulfill your financial goals . http : / / www . freeyellow . com / members4 / marketonline / index . html this website offers links to excellent business opportunities that just can't be passed up . you can even get a free website , and receive free valuable marketing tips on how to attract customers to your site . i believe them to be the best opportunities out there . but do n't take my word for it . come see this site for yourself . http : / / www . freeyellow . com / members4 / marketonline / index . html you have nothing to lose , and everything to gain . best wishes , marketing online associates p . s . opportunities are never lost , just found by someone else ! * * * to be removed from this mailing list , just email to this address marketingoa @ backpackers . com with the subject """""""" cancel """"""""
  """",1
  120,""""Subject: hey there interested in some free xxx site 's ?
   
   click here and sign up for free xxx hardcore / softcore & any kind of pornography you want all of it is free and you only gotta sign up with one of them to visit all of the sites ! ! ! and trust me there 's alotta sites . . . . ( gay and straight )
  """",1
  121,""""Subject: free stealth 3 . 0 bulk email software . . .
   
   just released . . . 30 , 000 , 000 email addresses ! plus 12 bonuses . . . including free stealth 3 . 0 bulk email software these addresses are less than 21 days old . earn insane profits with the right formula if you have a product , service , or message that you would like to get out = = 20 to thousands , hundreds of thousands , or even millions of people , you = 20 have several options . traditional methods include print advertising , direc = t = 20 mail , radio , and television advertising . they are all effective , but they = all = 20 have two catches : they ' re expensive and time consuming . not = 20 only that , you only get one shot at making your message heard , by = 20 the right people . the internet , the """""""" global communications frontier """""""" has changed = 20 this dramatically , including making countless individuals wealthy . = 20 """""""" electronic marketing , """""""" as it 's commonly referred to , has effectively = 20 leveled the playing fields of all types businesses . internet marketing group has been in the online marketing business = 20 for over 5 years . we can help make your goals come true . we have = 20 helped many individuals succeed in marketing their product = 20 effectively . it 's very simple to do . in fact soon you will have the = 20 problem of what to do with all the cash you will make from sending = 20 out bulk email . = 20 here is just one of many true success stories we have seen . . . we did a mailing of 1 1 / 2 million emails for one of our customers . he = 20 was selling a home workers manual for $ 29 . 95 . his results are very = 20 typical and scary . he took in over 700 orders ! 700 x $ 29 . 95 = 3d $ 20 , 000 . = 20 this gentleman was so amazed , that after being skeptical , it had = 20 really happened to him , he made it , he found a niche . that niche = 20 was email ! he went on to buy our full list and will be set for life in le = ss = 20 than six months time . all this from selling a simple manual via e . mail . that was just one of the many success stories we hear everyday . = 20 it may all sound to good to be true . well , we can tell you this . it reall = y = 20 does work . why else are so many individuals doing it ? they are not = 20 just wasting their time . they are all making mega bucks . do n't even hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most = 20 effective way to market anywhere . . period ! = 20 here ' s the bottom line and what we can do for you here is what you get when you order today ! > > 30 million email addresses . . . 1 per line in simple text format on a cd = = 2e multiple files of 250 , 000 or greater ( no codes needed to open files ) . = 20 you will receive email addresses of the following domains . . . aol , = 20 prodigy , compuserve , delphi , genie , juno , pipeline , = 20 interamp , msn , mci , and 5 million other mixed email = 20 addresses ( . com , . net ) . all names listed above are seperated = 20 in files by domain name for your convenience . plus these bonus specials . . . > > 2 free bulk email programs . . . pegasus and eudora . you will be able to load our names into these 2 distribution list software 's ( which will = 20 create distribution lists saving you hours of work ) for immediate , = 20 around the clock launching ! you can whip out as many distribution = 20 lists as you like , and depending on the speed of your modem and = 20 the length of your message , you will be able to send out around 10 , 000 to 30 , 000 messages per hour for free . > > """""""" stealth mass mailer """""""" bulk email . this is the most popular bulk = 20 emailer in the world . this is the full working verion of the program . = 20 this product sends over 250 , 000 per hour . ( value $ 399 . 00 ) > > setup instructions and tips for stealth mass mailer . > > free check by fax software ! ( $ 299 . 00 value ) > > where to get a free web page . > > super note pad . . . this software will help manage your large text = 20 files for you . > > winzip self extractor . . . this program will be needed when de-compressing a compressed file . it will come in handy when = 20 dealing with files of zip format . > > over 5 , 000 places to advertise for free ! > > """""""" profits 2500 series """""""" . . . 7 manuals that will teach you how to market = 20 on the internet and what offers work and which ones to stay clear of . = 20 also we will show you where to find web designers for free and much , = 20 much more . you get everything for only $ 99 . 00 > > > special bonus . . . if you order within 24 hours you can deduct $ 20 . 00 from the listed price . limited time only ! we have previously sold the seven manuals alone for over $ 400 . now = 20 you can have the complete package for the low price of only $ 79 . 00 do n't even hesitate on this one . . reserve yours today ! all lists are completely free of any duplicates . we also on a continual = 20 basis , add new names and remove undeliverables and remove = 20 requests . = 20 the result is the cleanest email addresses available anywhere = 20 to use over and over again , for a fraction of the cost that other = 20 companies charge . typical rates for acquiring email lists are from = 20 1 cent to as high as 3 cents per email address - that 's """""""" information highway """""""" robbery ! . how do i protect my e . mail address ? 1st of all , send your e . mail with the stealth mass mailer . this program w = ill protect your email address while sending your e . mail at speeds of up to 250 , 000 messages per hour ( 28 . 8 connection ) . 2nd , collect your inquiries and remove requests via autoresponders . usin = g autoresponders , you do n't even have to read the flames . just move them to your remove list and forget about them ! start earning mega money and get started now ! to order our email package , simply print out the ez order form = 20 below and call us anytime . we accept visa , mastercard , american express , personal check = 20 or money order . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ez order form = 20 call our 24 hour order line at : 1-561 - 697-0657 ( orders only ) we will deduct an additional $ 2 . 00 for all phone orders . = 20 _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to order your 30 , 000 , 000 email addresses = 20 plus all the bonuses for only $ 99 . 00 _ _ _ _ _ i am ordering within 24 hours ! please deduct $ 20 . 00 from the price making the total only $ 79 . 00 * please select one of the following for shipping . _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package overnight . i ' m including = 20 $ 12 for shipping . _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package proirity delivery . i ' m including = 20 $ 4 for shipping . _ _ _ _ please add $ 10 . 00 for all orders from outside the u . s . date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ type of credit card : = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ _ _ mastercard _ _ _ _ american express credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amount $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - best of luck ! ! we apologize if this e . mail was sent to you in error . to be permanently removed from all mailing lists simply go to http : / / www . antispam . org thank you ! thank you ! = e7 = 013 session 10 se
  """",1
  122,""""Subject: please read .
   
   payless typing service 1624 n . robberson springfield , mo 65803 ( 417 ) 865-7096 moongoddess @ wwn . net to whom it may concern , friday , may 1 , 1998 greetings ! my name is vania . i have recently started a home typing service . i am writing this letter not only to introduce myself , but to offer my services in the above area as well . included in this area of business are the following : typing / mailing , data entry , records / bookkeeping , billing , and various other services depending on you ' re individual needs . i am anxious to get started so please do n't hesitate to contact me . sincerely , vania juarez
  """",1
  123,""""Subject: hi !
   
   * * * this is not spam ! * * * my name is matthew . i make a habit of deleting mail i have not yet read , as i ' m sure you do also . please read this one though , you might find this interesting . i recently lost my high paying job from a major computer corporation due to their loss of a major contract . they messed up , but that whole dep ' t of 15 people including myself are hung out to dry . corporate america at it 's finest . i have not had luck yet finding another job , as my skills were very specific to that company and not really worth anything to another company . during the time i worked there , i also bought and sold real estate like those guys on tv . ( yes , you can do that and make it work for you too ) the key is i made it work . i was fairly successful until the """""""" nightmare on pleasant st . """""""" as my friends and i call it . . . i lost most of my money in that one bad deal and i was no longer financially secure and i relied heavily on my income from my former job . as you ' ve already heard , i lost that too and i started to look for other things i could make money to help me get back on my feet . so , i started to read all of the junk that people have mailed to me . let me tell you , i can't believe some of the things out there . . . what a waste of time . until i saw this . hold on . i know you are ( like i was ) ready to stop reading right here . i implore you not to . i ( like you ) am not some non-educated fool . i have made much money for myself in real estate , which is not an easy business . i am a rather competent business man . at least finish reading this until the end . * * better still : print this letter and read it in comfort over , and over here is what i saw . . . * i only needed $ 20 extra dollars to try this * this is making money for people who at least tried a little , so why not me too ? in desparation , i sent the four 5 dollar bills and got the reports . as i always have , i made this work for me too . i took much time and effort to learn about e-mail ( which is a great and free tool ! ! ) and how to send lots of it . now , 19 days after my first mailing of this , i have received roughly 8 , 450 responses . ( trust me , when my fiance ` saw 8 , 450 5 dollar bills on the kitchen table , she no longer laughed at me for trying this ) i wrote a report of my own showing step by step how to do the same which i will give to you for free as a helping hand so we can all continue this success . i will show you every step of cutting , pasting , editing this letter to include your name and address , etc . here is my special offer to help you . . . . as long as my address , basquiat at the evanston po box is on the list below i will send the step-by - step instructions and 100 , 000 e-mail addresses to anyone who orders any report from me . it took some time and expense to put this list together so all i ask is that you add another $ 5 for handling the addresses . the instructions for e _ mailing are free . they will come to you in a . txt format ( which i will teach you how to use in the instructions i ' ve put together ) and less than 2 % will be duplicates . you will get the list of addresses with your report . the first 160 people who order a report from me will receive a different set of addresses . this is my gift to you to help you get started . . . . i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be prepared to eventually set aside about an hour each day to follow up ( and count your money ! ) , you will make at least as much money as i am . you do n't need to be a whiz at the computer , but i ' ll bet you already are . if you can open an envelope , remove the money , and send an e-mail message , then you ' re on your way to the bank . take the time to read this so you ' ll understand how easy it is . if i can do this , so can you ! add this e-mail to ' favorite places ' by dragging the heart at the upper right corner of this window to the heart / folder picture next to the file cabinet . that way , you will have a copy of this for future use . go for it now ! ! matthew the following is a copy of the e-mail i read : $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then read it again ! ! ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its ability to generate large amounts of cash . this program is showing fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go to the bank ! this truly is that lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow the easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams will come true ! when followed correctly , this electronic , multi-level marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , cars , etc . , - even retire ! this is your chance , so do n't pass it up ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary electronic multi-level marketing program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - basically , this is what we do : we send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level businesses , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new business online ( via your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive via """""""" snail mail """""""" will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they ordered . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s it ! the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest electronic business anywhere ! follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if you do n't order them ) . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose name appears on the list next to the report . * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save them on your computer and resell them . * within a few days you will receive , via e-mail , each of the four save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send reports to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in steps """""""" a """""""" through """""""" d """""""" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , replace the name and address under report # 1 with your name and address , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . c . move the name and address that was under report # 2 down to report # 3 . d . move the name and address that was under report # 3 down to report # 4 . e . the name and address that was under report # 4 is removed from the list and has no doubt collected their 50 grand . please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address accurately ! ! ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this letter . 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the worldwide web ! advertising on the web is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . another avenue which you could use for advertising is e-mail lists . you can buy these lists for under $ 20 / 2 , 000 addresses or you can pay someone a minimal charge to take care of it for you . be sure to start your ad campaign immediately ! 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report - always send your order via first class mail - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets of paper - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and ( c ) your postal address . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """""""" how to reorganize your time to accommodate a home based business """""""" order report # 1 from : g & p enterprises po box 3544 lubbock , tx 79452 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """""""" major corporations and e-mail """""""" order report # 2 from : a&j advertising p . o . box 16057 st . paul , mn 55116-0057 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """""""" sources for the best mailing lists """""""" order report # 3 from : basqiuat po box 1963 evanston , il 60204 ( add an additional $ 5 . to cover handling the 100 , 000 e - mail addresses i will send you when you order any report from me . also note as well that you want the e - mailing instructions ( which is free ) sent to you . when you move my address down move this offer also . ( it will help us all . ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """""""" evaluating multi-level sales plans """""""" order report # 4 from : a basket affair 4505 hamptonshire drive raleigh , nc 27613 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think about it ! your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 3 shows you the most productive methods for bulk e-mailing and purchasing e-mail lists . some list & bulk e-mail vendors even work on trade ! about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which state that """""""" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . """""""" * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! note : if you need help with starting a business , registering a business name , how income tax is handled , etc . , contact your local office of the small business administration ( a federal agency ) for free help and answers to questions . also , the internal revenue service offers free help via telephone and free seminars about business taxes . * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving """""""" junk mail . """""""" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population and percentages involved . i """""""" knew """""""" it would n't work . doris totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old """""""" i told you so """""""" on her when the thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i have joined doris in her """""""" hobby . """""""" i did have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the """""""" rat race """""""" and it 's not for me . we owe it all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i surprised when i found my medium - size post office box crammed with orders ! for awhile , it got so overloaded that i had to start picking up my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't matter where in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to contact to get another copy , so i had to wait until i was e-mailed another program . . . 11 months passed then it came . . . i did n't delete this one ! . . . i made more than $ 41 , 000 on the first try ! ! d . wilburn , muncie , in this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! ! !
  """",1
  124,""""Subject: conformation
   
   hello , i am attempting to clean my email list . your email has ended up in my inbox either because you emailed me , was included in the headers of an email sent to me , or you are a member of one of the many email friendly lists . however if you wish to not receive email from me then please reply with """""""" remove """""""" in the subject line and you will be respectively and immediatly removed . please if you have any doubts that you will or will not complain about getting a offer from me then please reply now . . . . i do not want any complaints from anyone about spams . . . thank you ! take care and have a beautiful day !
  """",1
  125,""""Subject: dated material
   
   please follow the instructions of this letter very carefully , immediately print and read twice . greetings hopefully my name is still on the list below . i am a retired attorney , and about two years ago a man came to me with a letter . the letter he brought me is the same as the letter in front of you now . he asked me to verify the fact that this letter was legal . i told him that i would review it and get back to him . when i first read the letter i thought it was some off-the - wall idea to make money . a week later i met again with my client to discuss the issue . i told him that the letter originally brought to me was not 100 % legal . my client asked me to alter the letter to make it 100 % legal . i advised him to make a small change in the letter and it will be all right . i was curious about the letter , so he told me how it works . i thought it was a long shot , so i decided against participating . before my client left , i asked him to keep me updated as to his results . about two months later he called to tell me that he had received over $ 800 , 000 in cash ! ! i did n't believe him so he asked me to try the plan and see for myself . i thought about it for a few days and decided that there was not much to lose . i followed the instructions exactly and mailed out 200 letters . sure enough the money started coming in ! it came slowly at first , but after three weeks i was getting more than i could open in a day . after about three months the money stopped coming . i kept a precise record of my earnings and at the end it totaled $ 868 , 439 . 00 . i was earning a good living as a lawyer , but as anyone in the legal profession will tell you , there is a lot of stress that comes with the job . i told myself if things worked out i would retire from practice and play golf . i decided to try the letter again , but this time i sent out 500 letters out . well , three months after that i had totaled $ 2 , 344 , 178 . 00 ! i just could n't believe it . i met my old client for lunch to find out how this exactly works . he told me that there were a few similar letters going around . what made this one different is the fact that there are seven names on the letter , not five like most others . that fact alone resulted in more returns . the other factor was the advice i gave him in making sure the whole thing was perfectly legal , since no one wants to risk doing anything illegal . i bet now you are curious about what little changes i told him to make . well , if you send a letter like this out , to be legal , you must sell something if you expect to receive a dollar . i told him that anyone sending a dollar out must receive something in return . so when you send a dollar to each of the seven names on the list , you must include a slip of paper saying """""""" please put me on your mailing list """""""" and include your name , mailing address and e-mail address ( your phone # is optional ) . this is the key to the program ! the item you will receive for your dollar you send to the seven names below , is this letter and the right to earn thousands . we will be working together to improve each other 's lives ! follow the simple instructions below exactly , and in less than three months you will receive over $ 800 , 000 . 00 guaranteed ! ! ! ! a ) immediately send $ 1 . 00 to each of the seven people listed below . wrap the dollar in a note ( type or handwritten ) saying """""""" please add me to your mailing list """""""" and include your name , mailing address , and e-mail address . your phone number is optional . 1 - jal 8401 e . 60th st . # 2811 tulsa , ok 74145-5075 2 - lbm enterprises 167 hamilton st . oceanside , ca 92054 3 - s + k industries 641a puller pl san clemente , ca 92672 4 - smooth enterprises 205-38 abeyta ct , oceanside , ca 92054 5 - d&k cybermart 2281 annadale way , chula vista ca 91915 6 - arawak , 2442 n . main st . , suite 185 , gainesville , fl 32609 7 - mike m , p . o . box 89009 cp elysee , laval , quebec , h7w 5k1 b ) remove the name next to # 1 at the top of the list and move the rest of the names up on position . then place your name in the # 7 spot . this is best done by saving this to a file and enter in your information on line # 7 . be very careful when you type the addresses and proof read them . c ) when you have completed the above instructions you have options of mailing your new letter in two ways 1 ) through us postal service or 2 ) through e-mail . this letter has been proven perfectly legal for both ways as long as you follow the above instructions , because you ' re purchasing membership in our exclusive mailing list . to mail this out over the internet , you could browse through areas and find people to send this to all the time . all you have to do is cut and paste e-mail addresses wherever you are on the internet . remember , it does n't cost anything to mail on the internet . or you can use a mass e-mail network to mail it out in large volumes for you . we highly recommend this one . they always e-mail more than the amount you purchase and their addresses are fresh . e - mail this letter to them with your name and address in position # 7 above . bulk email is highly recommended for ease and efficiency . newsgroups tend to be very unreliable . just do a search on the web for bulk email . * * you will want to e-mail this to as many people as you can . this will bring you big payoffs . this company has been most effective for this program . * * * keep in mind that there is no limit to the amount of names you could send out . the more names you send the more money you will make . we strongly encourage you to mail this letter to family and friends and relatives as well . * * * this is a service and is 100 % legal ! ! ! ( refer to title 18 , section 1302 & 1342 of the u . s . postal and lottery laws ) assume for example you get a 7 . 5 % return rate , which is very conservative . my first attempt was about 9 . 5 % and my second time was over 11 % 1 ) when you mail out 200 letters , 15 people will send you $ 1 . 00 2 ) those 15 people mail out 200 letters and 225 people send you $ 1 . 00 3 ) those 225 people mail out 200 letters and 3 , 375 people send you $ 1 . 00 4 ) those 3 , 375 people mail out 200 letters and 50 , 625 people send you $ 1 . 00 5 ) those 50 , 625 people mail out 200 letters and 759 , 375 people send you $ 1 . 00 6 ) those 759 , 375 people mail out 200 letter and 11 , 390 , 625 people send you $ 1 . 00 at this point your name drops off the list . think about it . with only the first six levels you have received over $ 813 , 615 . 00 ! it works every time , but how well depends on how many letters you send out . in the example above you mailed out 200 letters , if you mailed out 500 letters , you would have received over $ 2 , 006 , 917 . 00 check the math yourself , i want you to , but i guarantee it is correct ! with this kind of return , you ' ve got to try it . try it once and you will do it again - guaranteed ! just make sure you send a dollar to each of the seven names on the list with a note to be added to their mailing list . together we will all prosper ! ! ! ps you ' ve read this far , so let me ask you one simple question . q - what have you got to lose a - only $ 7 . 00 what you can gain is an income , like the example in the letter . very small risk . very small expense , huge potential returns ! what do you have to lose ? i invite you to join our mailing list today ! wishing you happy success ! p . p . s . we have a 95 % return at this point ! ! !
  """",1
  126,""""Subject: dear website operator
   
   hi , i thought this could help your success . feel free to call me with any questions . sincerely , jennifer powers 904-441 - 8080 env associates you will never receive a message from me again . * * * first time ever offered ! * * * keep your prospect pipeline - tm filled ! disappointed with traditional marketing ? maybe it 's time to consider ' business to business ' direct e - mail . forget the """""""" get rich quick """""""" schemes and $ 395 + software . forget the """""""" 60 million """""""" address cd 's that are filled with duplicates and even invalid , """""""" generated """""""" addresses , hidden in many different files that rarely add up to even a million prospects which are still unqualified . over 90 % are private personal addresses of people who do not want to be invaded and unless you have duplicate filtering software , you would be mailing many of them multiple times , with the same message ! no wonder they call it spam . you should respect their privacy . prospect pipeline - tm gets you started with the contact e-mail addresses from each of 100 , 000 unique commercial web sites ( e . g . www . mysite . com ) and a free 5 day trial of e - mail pump : software that does what every business needs done - - it keeps a pipeline of prospects coming . maybe it 's time you filled your pipeline ? prospect pipeline is the most reasonable marketing / announcement tool you ' ll ever find at $ 49 . 95 ( + s&h ) . you can continue to receive a fresh cd ( 100 , 000 new commercial addresses ) each month thereafter , at a 20 % discount . we can even deliver them to you automatically ! prospect pipeline - tm addresses are contact addresses from commercial web sites ( 100 % ' . com ' ) . a commercial domain ( . com ) is a business by definition and business people love to do business . you know the value of qualified prospects and how much time and money you can waste if they ' re not . this is an extremely reasonable offer ! get down to business today . stop waiting for prospects to find you . prospect pipeline - tm business to business package includes : 100 , 000 highly refined ( no duplicates ) commercial contact e - mail addresses in plain text files ready for mailing . a free , fully functional , 5 day trial of ' e - mail pump , ' the latest in direct mail software technology . start prospecting immediately ! e - mail pump includes a built in ' instant ' registration process via the internet . it 's also priced reasonably at $ 49 . 95 , should you decide to register . if you have any further questions or to place an order by phone , please do not hesitate to call us at : 904-441 - 8080 business hours are monday - saturday 9 : 00 am - 9 : 00 pm . to order by fax or postal mail , simply print out the order form below and fax or mail it to our office today . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * we accept us checks by fax , telephone and postal mail . money orders in us dollars drawn on us or canadian banks only , are accepted by postal mail . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - order form - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - env associates - voice telephone : 904-441 - 8080 business hours are monday - saturday 9 : 00 am - 9 : 00 pm . complete this form and follow the fax instructions at the bottom . all orders are sent us postal service 3 day priority mail or global priority mail outside of the us . _ _ _ _ _ yes ! please send me the ' prospect pipeline - tm ' cd-rom of 100 , 000 fresh , new , commercial addresses and free - 5 day trial of e - mail pump for only $ 49 . 95 ( us dollars ) name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone number ( s ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2nd e-mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * please select the appropriate shipping for your location and make your check payable for the respective total . . . _ _ _ _ i am in the united states , so i will add $ 3 . 00 for us postal priority mail for a total of $ 52 . 95 ( us dollars ) . _ _ _ _ i am in canada , so i will add $ 6 . 95 for global priority mail for a total of $ 56 . 90 ( us dollars ) . _ _ _ _ i am outside the us and canada , so i will add $ 12 . 00 for global priority mail for a total of $ 61 . 95 ( us dollars ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * 24 hour ordering by fax * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 . print this order form 2 . paste or tape your check here 3 . be sure the above form is complete 4 . fax to 1-904 - 441-6481 ( 24 hours , 7 days a week ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - you need not mail the original check when using check - by - fax . our banking software drafts a special check , with the exact information from your original . orders are shipped at the time funds clear . if you feel uncomfortable with check - by - fax or check - by - phone payment , send this form with your check or money order to : env associates 171 east granada boulevard ormond beach , florida 32176 904-441 - 8080 voice 904-441 - 6481 fax * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",1
  127,""""Subject: as you requested - - free samples and information
   
   free samples and information call toll free 1-877 - 679-goal ( 4625 ) increase energy , stamina and endurance ! raise your metabolism and burn fat naturally ! increase mental energy level ! control hunger ! reduce sugar cravings ! no exercise ! no diets ! this is a $ 5 . 00 value absolutely free with no risk to you . you call us , no salesman will ever call you . 100 % natural , healthy , and legal . our free sample packet includes all information for our revolutionary product , including all details of herbal energy plus and what it can do for you . you have nothing to lose ! order your free samples and information packet now ! this is a limited time offer ! call our toll free hotline 1-877 - 679-goal ( 4625 ) your order will be shipped to you the very next day . thank your for your time and interest . endeavors international is a company devoted to people helping people . all of our products come with a 100 % no risk money back guarantee . our number one goal is customer satisfaction . thank you for your interest . this is a one time mailing . to be removed from this list reply to : rustyoo @ juno . com with remove in the subject line .
  """",1
  128,""""Subject: cable decsrambler now only $ 6 . 99 !
   
   this is really cool ! premium channels and pay per view events * * * * free * * * * * * well tested throughout europe ! * * easy to assemble plans for only $ 6 . 99 usd ! we will send your plans the day we receive your order ! you will be watching hbo , showtime , the movie channel , pay per view events , adult stations , and any other scrambled signal next week ! you can easily assemble a cable descrambler in less than 30 minutes ! you have probably seen many advertisments for similar plans . . . . but ours are better ! we have compared it to all the others and have actually improved the quality and simplified the design ! ! ! * * we even include photos ! * * our plans are better ! we have new , easy to read , easy to assemble plans for only $ 6 . 99 usd ! we have seen them advertised for as much as $ 49 . 00 usd and you have to wait weeks to receive them ! what the others say is true ! parts are available at any local electronics store ! call and ask them before you order ! does indeed work ! you will need part # 's 270-235 271-1325 278-212 rg59 coaxial cable , # 12 copper wire , and a variable capacitor . * * these parts described by name in the instructions . * * * * they may have to special order the variable capacitor . . . . but why wait for a special order ? we have them ! we have them ! we have them ! * * we have secured a supply of the capacitors directly from the manufacturer , and we will include one with your plans for an additional $ 10 . 00 usd only ! it is legal , providing of course you use these plans for educational purposes only . it ' s fun ! we ' re sure you ' ll enjoy this ! our families sure do ! * you need one descrambler for each tv . no more monthly bills ! $ 6 . 99 usd for plans only $ 10 . 00 usd for variable capacitor only $ 16 . 99 usd for the easy to assemble plans and one variable capacitor ! $ 1 . 50 usd for shipping and handling internatinal orders ! pay by check or money order payable to : the hobby pros 336 bon air center # 254 greenbrae , ca . 94904 usa please provide a self addressed envelope for priority delivery ! we pay the postage ! we will rush your order to you ! int 1 * * * * *
  """",1
  129,""""Subject: new marketing technology - beyond email
   
   let me make 1500 ( + ) calls a day for your business . . ( the most effective """""""" hi-tech """""""" state - of-the - art business system ever . . . . . . the power calling system 2000 ' this pc based comprehensive marketing system will absolutely bring in more business for you by automatically making up to 2000 calls per day . whether you are a professional network marketer , doctor , dentist , realtor , lawyer , insurance agent , etc . . or you own a business , corporation or small home based - business , this marketing system can reach """""""" thousands """""""" of potentials customers each week for you informing them of your business or services ! with our basic 2 line marketing system , you can reach nearly 2000 potential customers per day . this is the best marketing system available for 1 / 3 to 1 / 4 the cost of other less comparable systems available . ( lease / rental options are available ) the results that you will experience from this system will be simply staggering and very real ! ! if you want to see an increase in your business revenues right away , then you need to call the number below asap ! ! ! call now : ( 888 ) 248-4573 ( 24 hours ) simply leave us your full name and telephone number including area code , and one of our representatives will get in touch with you within the next few days to get additional information from you to send out your professional package . we thank you
  """",1
  130,""""Subject: webentrepreneurs 10 $ million sweepstakes
   
   enter our 1998 webentrepreneur sweepstakes and win your share of 10 million dollars in leading edge software and turn key business set up prizes . our 10 , 000 dollar grand prize containing everything needed to run a full home business and will be awarded to 10 , 000 of the first 30 , 000 registers ! your chances of winning are high if you are one of the first to act now . to enter simply , visit our site and sign up to evaluate our brand new cd-rom containing all known email addresses on the internet . over 61 million sorted , filtered and verified listings are available for just $ 399 . 99 and come with a 100 % money back guarantee policy ! we at webmaster fx digital systems are so convinced that you ' ll be fully satisfied that we offer 1 full year as a trial period . return anytime , no obligation to keep the product whatsoever if you ' re disatisfied . additionally , when you register with us , you willl receive free access for a full year of email address updates and add-ons every week ! start being on top of fresh web contacts today and take advantage of your chance at winning in our $ 10 million sweepstakes . enter to enter by mail and order your money back guaranteed 61 million e @ addresses on cd-rom , simply send 399 . 99 via check , money order , visa or mastercard & including all billling and email info to our billling headquaters : webmasterfx billling suite 102 511 avenue of the americas new york , ny 10011
  """",1
  131,""""Subject: regarding the cable tv descrambler
   
   ( faq ) frequent asked questions - - cable tv descrambler ( do not hit the reply button , this message is generated automatically for those interested in the product . you ' ll receive this message only once ) hello ! ! ! = ) """""""" thank you for requesting more information about the cable television descrambler . i ' ve been asked so many good questions that i left unanswered in my first letter . for that reason , i have put together this question & answer letter . i apologize in advance for not being able to answer each of your questions personally . the response has been overwhelming . """""""" q : will the descrambler on fiber , tci , jarrod and satellite systems ? a : the answer is yes . in respect to satellite , you just get more stuff ! q : do i need a converter box ? a : this plan works with or without a converter box . specific instructions are included in my plans for each ! q : where can i find the 75pf - 100pf variable capacitor , radio shack doesn t have it ? a : many radio shacks do have it . however , you have two other options . 1st call a radio speciality supply store in your area that is listed in the yellow pages . 2nd you can order the capacitor from me . if needed i will mail you as many as you need for the price ( s ) below . i m not trying to make a profit out of it , just want to help you . i ll wrap it carefully and send it to you only if you send me a self addressed # 10 size padded envelope , with 64c postage affixed . 1-10 75pf - 100pf variable capacitor $ 11 ea . 20 - up . $ 9 ea . q : can the cable company detect that i have the box ? a : no , the signal descrambles right at the box and does not move back through the line . q : do i have to alter my existing cable system , television or vcr ? a : the answer is no . q : does this work with my remote control ? a : the answer is no . it 's a manual kind of thing . . . but very easy . have your spouse or significant other get off the couch to do the deed ! q : can you email me the plans ? a : no , the plans come with an easy to follow picture guide . q : does this work everywhere across the country ? a : i have friends in four states and one in england and brasil that use the same parts and the same plans and they are all successful . q : is this deal guaranteed ? a : yes , if you are unhappy for any reason i will refund your money . q : is this a rip off or a scam ? a : no , if it were i d charge $ 50 . 00 or more for the plans . be sure i not going to damn myself to hell by ripping you off for a measly $ 12 . 00 or so . q : when i order , when will i get my stuff ? a : i mail out all orders within 24 hours of receiving it . . . if you supply a self addressed , stamped return envelope with 55 cents postage affixed . q : again , how much does it cost to get the instructions plans and the easy to follow diagrams ? a : to order a set of the instructions send $ 12 . 00 by cash , check or money order payable to : rms enterprises send to : 50 lexington ave , suite 209 / new york city , ny 10010 . q : can you give me a list of the parts again ? a : yes . 1 - radio shack mini box ( part # 270-235 ) 1 - watt resistor 2 . 2k - 2 . 4k ohm ( part # 271-1325 ) 1 - 75pf - 100pf variable capacitor ( special order ) 2 - f61a chassis-type connectors ( part # 278-212 ) 12 """""""" no . 12 solid copper wire 12 """""""" rg59 coaxial cable q : i lost your address , could you give it to me again . a : 50 lexington ave , suite 209 / new york city , ny 10010 usa q : how can i pay for this ? a : check , money order or cash . sorry , no credit cards accepted . i look forward to your order . kindest personal regards , raul mendez
  """",1
  132,""""Subject: your invited !
   
   hello : my name is chrissie . i ' m an 18 year old student with a fantastic body that i just love to show off ! i just started working at this place where you can see me live on your computer & i will do whatever you want ! come check me out , it 's free to try out ! click here to get your preview . thanks alot !
  """",1
  133,""""Subject: dave - check this one out ! !
   
   dave , you have got to check out this program - i have made over $ 2200 in two days . - - - - - the fastest paying most explosive program ever ! ! what 's all the excitement ? ? well , just check this out ! unlimited $ 500 checks all day long no caps - paid daily next day fedex $ 20 bonuses on everyone you sponsor , they sponsor and so on each time they cycle - 6 levels deep - unlimited width digital cellular phone with air time no credit check , no security deposit pre-paid phone cards english and spanish instructions 8 . 9 cents per minute long distance 24 hours / 7 days - 1 + dialing - incoming 800 # - 6-second billing - no monthly charge 100 qualified leads opportunity seekers - help grow your business super discount pack legal referral service , groceries , medical , travel , vehicles , appliances , 250 , 000 + name-brand items + more no matter who you are , what you ' re doing now , your age or background or how much time you have , this program is for you ! 1 , 000s every day are securing their financial future . maybe you just want to take care of the credit cards , make the mortgage or car payment or set aside a few extra dollars towards a vacation , college fund or retirement . or perhaps you ' re looking for a complete change . then this home-based business is perfect . the low start-up cost and extremely high return make this the best business decision you ' ll ever make . no matter what your goal may be , fasttrac has exactly what you need . this program has an explosive """""""" front-end """""""" income with $ 500 checks paid daily and sent directly to you via fedex the very next day . and , it also has a huge """""""" back-end """""""" residual income with $ 20 bonuses paid weekly , 6 levels deep , unlimited width ! it all adds up to total financial security . on top of that , we include products that , as you saw above , are unbeatable in the industry today . so , whether you are brand new to this multi-billion dollar exploding industry called """""""" network marketing """""""" or an old pro with years of experience , fasttrac has every element needed to ensure your success . low cost creates easy duplication . fast pay . checks are sent daily via fedex . front-end income with $ 500 per cycle all day long - no cap . back-end income with $ 20 bonuses - the residual income you look for ! top - of-the - line products tele - sponsoring for instant growth ( you could cycle the first day ! ) . no meetings to attend - just use our live conference calls . 1 simple step . and a dedicated staff of professionals to help you very step of the way . get all the facts , check it out and then join us . our # 1 priority is your $ ucce $ $ ! http : / / members . theglobe . com / larranda / moneymaker / bizop . html larry ruth
  """",1
  134,""""Subject: the best software @ the best $
   
   remove instructions below . all remove requests are respectfully immediately the cutting edge of e-mail technology : """""""" express mail server """""""" from imc for only $ 275 for a limited time only ! this is the best of all e-mail programs , we know we have tried them all . if your reading this message , that only proves it works you will not find it anywhere for less you can download a demo for free from our full service web site , complete with step by step instructional tutorial ! try before you buy ! we know you will love it ! it 's a bulk e-mailers dream come true , at last ! the same software goes for $ 695 . 00 ! you can also get it for $ 495 . 00 from l . s . enterprises you can call : 808-876 - 1550 and get more information or order a copy today for $ 275 ( for a limited time only ) . or fax your order / info request to : ( 808 ) 878-6869 ( include your name , phone number , e-mail address ) we also have 60 million e-mail addresses and an excellent """""""" remove list """""""" service available for only $ 99 . we accept all major credit cards : visa * master card * american express * discover card we can also accept checks by fax ! simply fax your check to : 808-878 - 6869 so do n't hesitate , call today this offer is for a limited time only ! what is express mail server ? express mail server ( ems ) bulk e-mail software is the only thing that works . ems transforms your computer into a personal mail server . with no additional hardware , ems software will give you complete control of your mailings , because the mail you send will originate from your computer and be delivered directly into the mailbox of your recipient . since the mail originates from your computer , it is no longer necessary to use your internet service provider 's mail server . when you use the previous generation stealth or cloaking type programs , they work by uploading your mail to your provider 's mail server . they can also be programmed to send mail through other providers mail servers without authorization ( this is considered theft of service ) . the problem is , the previous generation stealth type programs upload the messages faster than these mail servers can process them . many times this causes a provider 's mail server to bog down and crash . obviously , this will make providers furious with you . furthermore , you may think that you are sending hundreds of thousands of messages , unfortunately , most of it simply gets filtered and deleted by the mail server . you are lucky to get 10 % - 20 % of that mail delivered . with ems software your computer emulates a mail server and you actually control and watch all your mail being delivered piece by piece . there is a 100 % delivery rate with this program anywhere on the internet . we did say 100 % delivery rate to any internet email addresses . a bold claim but it is true . this is the latest technical advance in bulk email since the advent of the stealth type programs . this program verifies domains and validity of email addresses before sending mail . this dramatically reduces your bounced back undeliverables . bounced back undeliverables can sure bog down a server . you can also control where you want any bounced back mail to go . it can go to any email address you want with ems . ems can work with any dial up internet account , ( aol is not considered a dial up internet account ) an isdn line or a t - 1 or t - 3 . it runs on windows 95 or nt . we have not heard of any person losing a dial up account with this software . one reason bulk email is so frowned upon with numerous isp 's ( internet service providers ) is people try to send as much mail as they can , as quick as they can and crash the mail server of the isp . this won't happen with ems software since you do n't since you do n't use the mail server of the isp to send your mail . the program actually sends the mail directly from your computer , which is now , a bona fide mail server , to the recipients mail server avoiding any potential blocks that would prevent you from reaching those on your mailing list . you do not have to """""""" forge """""""" headers or randomize anything to have 100 % of your mail delivered , although the program does allow for randomization and customizing of headers . you can send mail omitting the """""""" to """""""" """""""" from """""""" and """""""" reply to """""""" portions of your headers . want to send out your messages in color . this is not a problem with ems . just select a font color with your mouse , and then click on a background color as well . want to make your font bold or put it into italics , just point and click . want your message centered or shifted left or right , once again just point and click . unlike all of the others , ( which are all the same , but go by different names ) this software is very straightforward and easy to use . if you can log on to aol , you already know more about computers than you 'd need to use ems . we also provide technical support by phone to answer any questions you may have . ems works with any windows 95 or nt computer . it requires no additional hardware or software . the ems software sends at speeds up to 80 , 000 messages per hour delivered using a modest pentium and a 28 . 8 modem . rates will dramatically increase with an isdn or cable modem and of course with a t - 1 they will be even faster . if you want to take advantage of this breakthrough in bulk email technology give us a call on the number below . we do n't plan on repeat mailings for this product so take advantage of this opportunity . the cost to you is $ 275 . 00 ! money well spent if you consider that you can buy stealth ( or the many others like it . . . they all operate the same way ) for $ 400 . you might be happy with stealth if you do n't mind frequent loss of dial-up accounts , and lot of complaints . not getting a lot of your mail delivered due to blocks and crashed mail servers deleting your mail , along with the resulting low response rate from your mailings , all of which defeated the purpose of e-mailing in the first place ! few people are aware of this new technology , so you are already leaps and bounds ahead of any competition . using this , you can sell anything you wish , over and over . also , consider that you may decide to offer a mailing service to others . you ' ve probably gotten e-mails that claim they can send your advertisement e-mail for a cost of $ 200 per 100 , 000 . what most people do n't realize is that only 20 or 30 of the mail they pay these people to get sent actually gets delivered ! this mailing service is very profitable , and using this software , you can advertise that service to millions for free ! we also have cd roms with 60 million addresses to help you start . with your purchase , call i . m . c at : phone : ( 808 ) 876-1550 fax : ( 808 ) 878-6869 and place your order today while supplies last and we ' ll be happy to send you a demo copy and answer any questions you may have . or call us and we will give you our full service web site addresses to be removed from our mailing list or to be added to our """""""" global remove list """""""" simply go to : http : / / www . ctct . com all remove requests are respectfully immediately
  """",1
  135,""""Subject: need more money ?
   
   hi , would you like to earn an extra $ 700 a week . . . $ 2 , 800 a month just by mailing our business circulars from your home ? you can make this kind of money without even giving up your present job . we have created the most risk-free way to do this , and all you have to do is mail out our business circulars and get paid for your work . this exciting new home employment opportunity is so effective - yet quick and easy that your success is absolutely guaranteed ! we publish , sell and distribute information booklets , guides , reports , manuals and computer software all across canada and the united states . since we do the majority of our business by mail , we in turn send out thousands of our sales circulars each week . our company circulars are the sales letters / product offers that are sent out in response to customer inquiries . when you mail our circulars , you ' ll be greatly helping us by getting our offers out to more customers . you ' ll be taking part in the most remarkable opportunity available . our system of mailing circulars is very easy to operate . all you will be doing is taking copies of the standard , letter-sized ( 8 1 / 2 """""""" x11 """""""" ) circulars that we provide you with and fold them to fit into the envelopes you will receive . after you have folded and inserted the circulars into the envelopes , you just have to seal the envelopes and deposit them in your mail . you will not have to spend any time addressing envelopes or pay any postage costs to mail out our circulars , because all envelopes will arrive pre-addressed and with postage already in place . it should only take you a few hours a week . it 's as simple as that ! circular mailing is easy and pleasant work that is very profitable ! we have developed a legitimate and realistic money-making business system that is practical and uncomplicated . simple enough that anyone can take part in it regardless of education , age , physical ability or disability . our program is easy to understand , with step-by - step instructions that are sure to get you started quickly and with confidence . this is a highly fool-proof , tried , tested and proven method that you can run from the comfort and privacy of your own home - without any personal contact with anyone at any time . you can take part in our program any hour of the day . . . any day of the week . we do not require that you have any related experience to take part in our program . all that we want are serious minded people who can read and write simple english , and who are able to put in a few extra hours each week towards earning a great income . although you do n't need any experiance , it is important that you be ambitious and motivated because you will be working on your own - without supervision . it will be your responsibility to get your work done . you do not have to meet a certain quota each week , and we do not impose any restrictions on the amount of work that you choose to do . our circular mailing program allows you the complete flexibility to organize and choose your own work load and work schedule . you can work part-time or full-time , and you are always free to take a break from your work - planning your own time off . furthermore , you may quit the program at any time , since you will be an independent mailer and have no obligation to our company what-so - ever . home employment is wonderful . it can provide you with a great sense of accomplishment , pride and freedom - but you must remember to treat your work seriously and with respect . what you get out of our program is exactly what you put into it . earn as much or as little as you like - it 's all up to you . you can start the same day you receive our supplies and information package , and begin receiving money within 2 weeks time , and every week from then on for as long as you desire to participate in our program . thousands of people all over canada and the united states are making excellent money mailing circulars from their homes . you can join our successful network , of circular mailers and get your share of this money too ! it makes no difference if you live in a small town or a large city . as long as you can get to a mailbox to mail the circulars , you can participate in this great home income opportunity . anyone with a little common sense and a desire to succeed can take part in our program and earn excellent income for themselves in a very short period of time . one of the nicest things about our circular mailing program is hoe quickly it works . you can start the same day you receive our supplies and information package , and begin receiving money within 2 weeks time , and then for as long as you decide to participate in our program . imagine never having to leave your home while making more money in a few hours than a lot of people earn after a full week 's work ! in fact , you can be making great money in as little as 10 hours a week ! and remember , you do n't need any special education of experience . this program can work for anyone - regardless of background , age or location . just mail the circulars and spend the rest of the day enjoying yourself . imagine being able to work in the comfort of your own home , at your own pace and in your leisure with a simple system to earn $ 700 . 00 a week working only a few hours a week . . . it 's a great place to start . you really do n't have to work hard to get ahead in life - you just have to work smart . by following our easy steps , you will connect with making $ 700 a week - every week . we ' ll even show you how you can increase an income of $ 700 . 00 a week into as much as $ 1 , 000 . 00 a week or more with ease . it 's very simple and it 's very realistic . with the basic details we ' ve outlined , you ' ll easily see the incredible income potential right away . this program is so well thought out and developed that you cannot fail to make great money ! you ' ll be able to set up your operation so that you can have all the free time in the world to do with as you please , without anyone looking over your shoulder . if you choose , you ' ll only have to work at your affairs for about an hour or two a day , and these will turn out to be extremely easy , fun hours , with no boss snooping around and no one to answer to . believe this , after you spend the small amount of up-front time getting organized , setting up your own system , you ' ll soon realize that nothing could be easier , or offer you more privacy and personal freedom ! unlike others who you might see promoting the same old useless stuff - year in and year out , we have developed a unique approach which has never been released to the public by anyone else . cybermarketing is the only source for this valuable program . so please do n't confuse it with any of the other get-rich - quick schemes or ads you might see . if you ' re searching for an honest to goodness , legitimate , legal and spare time work at home opportunity , then your search has finally ended . this is a 100 % proven money - making program ! proven to make good money for everyone who uses it ! if you ' re like most folks , you ' re going to absolutely love our circular mailing program because it 's the most legitimate , """""""" on-the - level """""""" , easy to start , profitable work-from - home opportunity ever created ! we say this honestly because it really works ! you won't find any gimmicks , surprises or silly schemes . only valuable information that you ' ll need so you can quickly learn exactly what to do and how to do it ; and our proven , professionally written circulars . our circular mailing program can bring you all the money you need . when you receive our start up package in the mail , you will get all the supplies you need to get started right away including your personal information kit ( your complete instructional handbook ) and our business circulars . you will receive everything as promised . and do n't forget you will not have to pay postage costs to mail our circulars because envelopes will arrive completely addressed and with postage already in place . just mail out the circulars and receive pay cheques that are yours to spend any way you wish ! you can take part in our program for as long as you want . . . earn $ 700 a week for the rest of your life . we can only accommodate a limited number of people in our unique program . so if you are interested , please do not delay . send in your acceptance form as soon as you can . you have our guarantee that this program can change your life practically overnight . we know of no other home employment opportunity with the potential to make the great amounts of money that this program does . this is a complete home-based opportunity that really works . our only requirement is a one time only , fully refundable payment of only $ 27 . 00 . this payment covers the cost of your supplies and the processing of your membership . this is a one-time payment , you will not have to pay us any other costs to get additional materials . and because we ' re so sure that we have the right home employment opportunity for you , we are backing up our promises with our exclusive guarantee . . . $ 33 , 600 . 00 guarantee you can easily earn $ 33 , 600 . 00 in the next year with our program . in fact , we are so confident that you can make over $ 700 a week mailing out our circulars that we are going to offer you the most air-tight guarantee in existence . as soon as you receive our start up package in the mail , send out our circulars right away . if you do n't start earning a minimum of $ 700 a week within 30 days , simply return our materials for a complete refund . you either make $ 700 a week or your money back ! join our network of circular mailers today . we truly want to help you get started as quickly and as easily as possible . this program is designed for people who are serious about earning a substantial income . we are convinced that you will be absolutely thrilled when you see just how much money you can make with our program . we ' ve got your start-up kit all packaged up and ready to go . just give us the word and we ' ll have it out the door and on its way to you . if you follow our instructions , you will be well on your way to earning $ 700 per week by mailing circulars from home . just print and fill out the exclusive membership form at the bottom of this page and mail it in with your remittance and your order will be rushed to you right away by first class mail . we hope that you allow us the honor of being the ones who helped you to achieve long-term financial success and personal freedom . most sincerely , the staff at cybermarketing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - home mailers program order-form - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - please rush me my package of the home mailers program and the home business directory right away ! ! ! send $ 27 . 00 in u . s funds . ( includes postage & handling ) name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mail to : cybermarketing p . o . box # 563 address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ lindsay , ontario , canada , k9v 4s5 city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ zip / postal code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( orders payable by cheque please allow 4 - 6 weeks for delivery . ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",1
  136,""""Subject: what """""""" they """""""" do n't want you to find out ! !
   
   dear friend : if you have already responded to the following announcement a few days ago , that means your package is already on its way and it should be arriving soon ! if you have not responded to this before , please pay attention to it now . this is very important ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' important announcement important announcement ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' your future may depend on it ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! before you know about this ' important announcement ' , you must first read the following ' editorial excerpts ' from some important publications in the united states : new york times : """""""" in concluding our review of financial organizations to effect change in the 90 's , special attention should be called to a california based organization , ' world currency cartel ' . members of this organization are amassing hundred of millions of dollars in the currency market using a very legal method which has never been divulged to the general public . while their purpose is not yet known , their presence has most certainly been felt """""""" . nbc nightly news : """""""" members of ' world currency cartel ' , who always keep a low profile , are considered to be some of the most wealthiest people in north america """""""" . more excerpts later , but first let us give you this very """""""" important announcement """""""" : ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' we are glad to announce that for the first time and for a very short period of time , world currency cartel will instruct a limited number of people worldwide on ' how to convert $ 25 into one hundred of legal currency ' . we will transact the first conversion for you , after that you can easily and quickly do this on your own hundreds or even thousands of times every month . take advantage of this """""""" secret flaw """""""" ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * it is even more explosive than we have yet disclosed . while currency does fluctuate daily , we can show you ' how to convert $ 99 into $ 588 as many times as you want ' . that means , you will be able to exchange $ 99 , american legal currency dollars , for $ 580 of the same . you can do this as many times as you wish , every day , every week , every month . all very legal and effortlessly ! it takes only 5 to 10 minutes each time you do this . you can do this from home , office or even while traveling . all you need is an access to a phone line and an address . best of all , you can do this from any city on this earth ! ! ! again , we must reiterate , anyone can do this and the source is never-ending . for as long as the global financial community continues to use different currencies with varying exchange rates , the """""""" secret flaw """""""" will exist . > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > as we said earlier , we will do the first transaction for you and will show you exactly how to do this on your own , over and over again ! the amount of exchange you would do each time is entirely up to you . working just 2 to 10 hours a week , you can soon join the list of millionaires who do this on a daily basis many times a day . the transaction is so simple that even a high school kid can do it ! we at the world currency cartel would like to see a uniform global currency backed by gold . but , until then , we will allow a limited number of individuals worldwide to share in the unlimited profits provided for by the world currency differentials . we will espouse no more political views nor will we ask you to do so . we can say however , that our parent organization , nbt , benefits greatly by the knowledge being shared , as we ourselves , along with you , benefit likewise . your main concern surely will be , how you will benefit . as soon as you become a member , you will make transactions from your home , office , by telephone or through the mail . you can conduct these transactions even while traveling . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = do n't believe us ? experience it for yourself ! = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = unlike anyone else , we will assure you great financial freedom and you will add to our quickly growing base of supporters and join the list of millionaires being created using this very """""""" secret flaw """""""" in the world currency market . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = don ' t envy us , join us today ! ! ! = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' there is a one time membership fee of only $ 195 . but , if you join us by june 30 , 1998 , you can join us for only $ 25 administrative cost . your important documents , instructions , contact name / address , phone number and all other pertinent information will be mailed to you immediately . so take advantage of our anniversary date and join us today . ( if you are replying after june 30 , you must pay $ 195 . 00 for the membership fee . no exceptions , and no more e - mail inquiries please ) . upon becoming a member , you promise to keep all info . confidential ! ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ should you choose to cancel your membership for any reason , you must return all papers / documents for a refund within 60 days . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * important : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1 . . . please write your name & mailing address very clearly on a piece of paper or index card . 2 . . . below your mailing address , please write your e - mail address ( optional ) . 3 . . . at the top left hand corner , please write the words : """""""" new member """""""" 4 . . . attach a check or money order for $ 25 + $ 5 for the shipping of documents ( total = $ 30 . 00 ) payable to """""""" nbt """""""" and mail to : nbt po box 1129 union , nj 07083-1129 * if outside us add an additional $ 10 ( total = $ 40 . 00 , international money orders only ) } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } here are some more """""""" editorial excerpts """""""" : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ wall street : """""""" a discreet group of americans , operating under the guise of world currency cartel have recently begun making rumbles in world finance market . while at this time , their game is not completely known , they certainly will be watched by those making major moves in the currency contracts """""""" . financial week : """""""" watch them , monitor them , extract their knowledge and try to become one of them . that is the soundest financial advice we could give to anyone """""""" . national business weekly : """""""" while this reporter has been left in the cold as to its method of operation , we have been able to confirm that ' world currency cartel ' and its members are literally amassing great fortunes overnight """""""" . end $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ we thankfully credit diamond int . for the content of this important announcement !
  """",1
  137,""""Subject: this web site is your internet gold mine $ $ $
   
   remove instructions below . visit our web site at : http : / / www . interwise . cc this web site is your internet gold mine $ $ $ unlimited toll free tech support for all our products imc is the largest internet software company in the country we carry all internet software programs available and we guarantee to beat any price ! call 808-876 - 1550 the cutting edge of e-mail technology : """""""" express mail server """""""" from imc for only $ 275 for a limited time only ! this is the best of all e-mail programs , we know we have tried them all . if your reading this message , that only proves it works you will not find it anywhere for less you can download a demo for free from our full service web site , complete with step by step instructional tutorial ! try before you buy ! we know you will love it ! it 's a bulk e-mailers dream come true , at last ! the same software goes for $ 695 . 00 ! you can also get it for $ 495 . 00 from l . s . enterprises you can call : 808-876 - 1550 and get more information or order a copy today for $ 275 ( for a limited time only ) . or fax your order / info request to : ( 808 ) 878-6869 ( include your name , phone number , e-mail address ) visit our web site at : http : / / www . interwise . cc ( if you can't log into the site just call us , sometime the site is overloaded with hits ) we also have 60 million e-mail addresses and an excellent """""""" remove list """""""" service available for only $ 99 . we accept all major credit cards : visa * master card * american express * discover card we can also accept checks by fax ! simply fax your check to : 808-878 - 6869 so do n't hesitate , call today this offer is for a limited time only ! what is express mail server ? express mail server ( ems ) bulk e-mail software is the only thing that works . ems transforms your computer into a personal mail server . with no additional hardware , ems software will give you complete control of your mailings , because the mail you send will originate from your computer and be delivered directly into the mailbox of your recipient . since the mail originates from your computer , it is no longer necessary to use your internet service provider 's mail server . when you use the previous generation stealth or cloaking type programs , they work by uploading your mail to your provider 's mail server . they can also be programmed to send mail through other providers mail servers without authorization ( this is considered theft of service ) . the problem is , the previous generation stealth type programs upload the messages faster than these mail servers can process them . many times this causes a provider 's mail server to bog down and crash . obviously , this will make providers furious with you . furthermore , you may think that you are sending hundreds of thousands of messages , unfortunately , most of it simply gets filtered and deleted by the mail server . you are lucky to get 10 % - 20 % of that mail delivered . with ems software your computer emulates a mail server and you actually control and watch all your mail being delivered piece by piece . there is a 100 % delivery rate with this program anywhere on the internet . we did say 100 % delivery rate to any internet email addresses . a bold claim but it is true . this is the latest technical advance in bulk email since the advent of the stealth type programs . this program verifies domains and validity of email addresses before sending mail . this dramatically reduces your bounced back undeliverables . bounced back undeliverables can sure bog down a server . you can also control where you want any bounced back mail to go . it can go to any email address you want with ems . ems can work with any dial up internet account , ( aol is not considered a dial up internet account ) an isdn line or a t - 1 or t - 3 . it runs on windows 95 or nt . we have not heard of any person losing a dial up account with this software . one reason bulk email is so frowned upon with numerous isp 's ( internet service providers ) is people try to send as much mail as they can , as quick as they can and crash the mail server of the isp . this won't happen with ems software since you do n't since you do n't use the mail server of the isp to send your mail . the program actually sends the mail directly from your computer , which is now , a bona fide mail server , to the recipients mail server avoiding any potential blocks that would prevent you from reaching those on your mailing list . you do not have to """""""" forge """""""" headers or randomize anything to have 100 % of your mail delivered , although the program does allow for randomization and customizing of headers . you can send mail omitting the """""""" to """""""" """""""" from """""""" and """""""" reply to """""""" portions of your headers . want to send out your messages in color . this is not a problem with ems . just select a font color with your mouse , and then click on a background color as well . want to make your font bold or put it into italics , just point and click . want your message centered or shifted left or right , once again just point and click . unlike all of the others , ( which are all the same , but go by different names ) this software is very straightforward and easy to use . if you can log on to aol , you already know more about computers than you 'd need to use ems . we also provide technical support by phone to answer any questions you may have . ems works with any windows 95 or nt computer . it requires no additional hardware or software . the ems software sends at speeds up to 80 , 000 messages per hour delivered using a modest pentium and a 28 . 8 modem . rates will dramatically increase with an isdn or cable modem and of course with a t - 1 they will be even faster . if you want to take advantage of this breakthrough in bulk email technology give us a call on the number below . we do n't plan on repeat mailings for this product so take advantage of this opportunity . the cost to you is $ 275 . 00 ! money well spent if you consider that you can buy stealth ( or the many others like it . . . they all operate the same way ) for $ 400 . you might be happy with stealth if you do n't mind frequent loss of dial-up accounts , and lot of complaints . not getting a lot of your mail delivered due to blocks and crashed mail servers deleting your mail , along with the resulting low response rate from your mailings , all of which defeated the purpose of e-mailing in the first place ! few people are aware of this new technology , so you are already leaps and bounds ahead of any competition . using this , you can sell anything you wish , over and over . also , consider that you may decide to offer a mailing service to others . you ' ve probably gotten e-mails that claim they can send your advertisement e-mail for a cost of $ 200 per 100 , 000 . what most people do n't realize is that only 20 or 30 of the mail they pay these people to get sent actually gets delivered ! this mailing service is very profitable , and using this software , you can advertise that service to millions for free ! we also have cd roms with 60 million addresses to help you start . with your purchase , visit our web site at : http : / / www . interwise . cc ( if you can't log into the site just call us , sometime the site is overloaded with hits ) call i . m . c at : phone : ( 808 ) 876-1550 fax : ( 808 ) 878-6869 and place your order today while supplies last and we ' ll be happy to send you a demo copy and answer any questions you may have . or call us and we will give you our full service web site addresses * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to be removed from our mailing list or to be added to our """""""" global remove list """""""" simply go to : http : / / www . ctct . com all remove requests are respectfully processed immediately * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",1
  138,""""Subject: psoriasis - clear it up now ! !
   
   if you , a friend or , a relative suffer from the embarrassment of psoriasis , this site may be of interest to you . http : / / 209 . 117 . 58 . 11 / psoriasis if not , we apologize for any intrusion .
  """",1
  139,""""Subject: viagra ! !
   
   america ya gifts inc . 179 maiden lane , san francisco , ca 94108 - ( 415 ) 392-3768 fax ( 415 ) 392-5737 e - mail : rsilva2685 @ aol . com viagra the new sex drug for men is now available . if you or someone you know is impotent , or if you aren t impotent but would just like to really enhance your sexual experience viagra is the answer . just one pill taken an hour before you plan to have sex turns you into a roaring tiger for over an hour . viagra makes you perform and feel like you are 18 again . order now because supplies are running short . the price is $ 500 . 00 for a bottle of 30 pills . each pill is 100mg . include $ 20 . 00 postage and handling . warning : this drug should not be used by anyone taking medication for a heart condition or high blood pressure . to order please e-mail or fax back the following information . name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp . date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ no . of bottles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amount _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( required if faxing ) all orders are shipped us postal express within 3 days of receipt of your order form . refund available only on unopened containersthat are returned within 10 days after shipping date . return authorization required on all returns . a return authorization can be requested by e - mail or fax . [
  """",1
  140,""""Subject: sumiko 's ad
   
   * * * * * hello , i ' m sumiko from san francisco , california and have just joined always - friends a few days ago . i 'd love to meet a nice man . please see my ad : http : / / 209 . 196 . 132 . 204 / sumiko . htm and if you are a single woman like me who wishes to have a own personal ad , simply contact the always - friends at : ads @ always-friends . org _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sincerely yours , sumiko b .
  """",1
  141,""""Subject: a unique email advertisement
   
   hello the following information is not meant to spam or upset anyone , that is why we include advertisement in the subject line to give you an option to delete before you open the message . we are a reliable internet company that does full internet marketing . whatever your needs to market your business or product , a . i . m . can help you achieve your success . please do not treat this as just another piece of junk mail , we are aimed to your success . a . i . m . was established in 1994 and has helped many people on the internet market their business and products successfully . we do not sell random bulk email lists , nor do we advertise adult sites or chain letters . right now the largest form of communication is done through the internet , and 1998 will be another record breaking year . there are over 60 million people that have internet access world wide , and that number continues to rise at a rate of over 40 , 000 per month . the best way to market any product or service is through the internet , and random bulk mail is not the way to go . you may ask , why am i sending you this one piece of email ; to get my information out so that others can follow the same practices of internet advertising . the internet community would benefit from direct advertising ! now you ask what can we offer you . . . . . custom targeted email addresses no matter what your target is , we can compile a great list for you of people or businesses that are interested in what you offer . say , for instance , you would like to send a newsletter out to people interested in mlm ; we can compile a list for you of people currently involved in mlm . if you would like a list of people looking for a business opportunity , we can compile that list for you . you tell us your target ; we will compile that list . we can even target your list geographically . example . . . if your business is selling cd s , and your company is based in ny ; we can gather a list of people in ny interested in cd s . we have a client that is involved in mlm , who asked us to target 1000 opportunity seekers to start . to his surprise he got 7 new people in his downline from just that one mailing . another client wanted to send a letter out to birdwatchers . we targeted 5000 birdwatchers for him ; and he , also , became a very happy client of ours . we have targeted . . investors , businesses , international addresses , women , men , age groups , cites , states , doctors , lawyers , etc . . . . some of our clients are getting results of 1-40 % . targeted mailings start at $ 50 per thousand , and we can offer you a better price at higher quantities . complete pricing for targeted email 1000 targeted email addresses $ 50 for us to email $ 50 = $ 100 2000 targeted email addresses $ 85 for us to email $ 85 = $ 170 5000 targeted email addresses $ 250 ( no charge for us to email ) 10000 targeted email addresses and we mail $ 500 100000 targeted email addresses and we mail $ 1 , 000 1 million guaranteed targeted email addresses and we mail $ 5 , 000 we offer a guarantee that our lists will be targeted to your topic . we keep a master file on all of our clients so if you order again you will never get any duplicate addresses from us emailing we can do the email for you and have all of the replies come directly to your email address . if you prefer to do the mailing yourself , we sell email software as well . here is a few : rapid fire mail server . . . . turns your computer into a mail server $ 495 . 00 ( free demo ) stealth mass mailer . . . sends out email at a rate of 100 , 000 + per hour $ 395 . 00 ( free demo ) mail pusher . . . . the newest in bulk email software ( great program ) $ 300 . 00 ( free demo ) other services offered by a . i . m . website marketing package we can place your website to the top of any given search engine . our best results come from infoseek . guarantee top 10 listing . $ 300 . 00 first month $ 300 . 00 every month there after complete web marketing package ( 1 ) targeted emails in the amount of 200 , 000 per week ( 2 ) posting your website to bbs ( internet bulletin board systems related to your topics ) ( 3 ) url links to other sites related to your topics ( 3 ) newsgroup postings ( 1000 ) per month ( 4 ) banner ads to related subject searches ( 5 ) website submissions to the search engines with a guaranteed 1st page placement to infoseek and submissions to the other top 8 as well as 400 other search engines all of the postings , submissions , banner ad and url advertising will be done with your reply email address so that you have a copy of every placement and you know where your ads are on the internet . total price for complete marketing package $ 2500 . 00 per month if you have a business , product , or just want to get your information out ; you have no need to look any further . a . i . m . is here to help ! ! now as you can see we are a full service company , and we can help you with any of your advertising needs . please call us toll free at 1-800 - 942-7913 today ! we look forward to hearing from you and are happy to answer any questions that you may have . once again , we give you our guarantee that this is the only piece of email that you receive from us . we wish you success now and in the future ! again our toll free number is 800-942 - 7913 our fax # 732-367 - 2229 we accept . . . visa / mastercard / american express or check by fax thank you
  """",1
  142,""""Subject: = = = = = = = one very affordable dental offer = = = = = = =
   
   click here to get info on a very affordable dental / optical plan type or copy and paste the following address into your browser if your email is not html capable : http : / / 209 . 84 . 246 . 119 / opk / dental1 . htm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [ this message is not intended for residents in the state of washington , screening of addresses has been done to the best of our technical ability . if you are a washington resident or otherwise wish to be removed from this list , click here to go to global remove site if you want your address removed from mailing ]
  """",1
  143,""""Subject: did i get the right email address ?
   
   """""""" show me the money ! """""""" . . . . . . . . . . . . not a problem ! i am about to share with you a unique opportunity to start a very successful business or take an existing one to new heights . by taking advantage of the following breakthrough knowledge in marketing trends , you will soon discover the art of . . . """""""" how to really make money on the information superhighway ! """""""" some of you may already be marketing a product online . maybe you are even making a sizeable profit ! whatever the case may be , no matter how successful you are right now , my guess is that your bank account is still not overflowing and more money with less work peaks your interest . fact 1 : anyone who has the drive to succeed can actually make a sizable profit on the internet . fact 2 : few people are willing to take the time to actually do it . fact 3 : these people are crazy ! ! seriously friends . . . why would people want to pass up an extremely valuable money making opportunity ? many people think that marketing on the internet takes more time than any human being can spare . """""""" there is so much to learn """""""" some say . """""""" i can't even find the time to check my e - mail , how will i ever learn enough about the internet to make money ? """""""" others quote . the fact is that in many cases this us true , there is a wealth of information on the internet about how to """""""" market """""""" this and how to """""""" sell """""""" that . unless you know what to look for , it can become an endless maze of dead ends and wasted time . now think about this . . . what if ? i could provide you with an incredible marketing package that encompasses all the """""""" how to """""""" information you need to be a success on the internet . this phenomenal package includes detailed internet secrets ( we do n't hold anything back , its all here folks ! ! ) , which explains in detail how to profit from the internet explosion . whether you have a business of your own or you want to start one . it 's filled with over 45 packed pages revealing the secrets about electronic marketing so many other online marketers don ' t want you to know . i thought that might interest you . let me explain . right now there are over eighty million people surfing the internet . by the year 2000 , that figure is expected to more than double . with so many people using the internet , smart """""""" net """""""" repreneur 's are taking advantage of what this new ( in terms of true commercial application ) and exciting medium has to offer . the internet presents one of the best ways to make money that has ever been introduced . on any given day you have the opportunity to present your message to more than eighty million people ! that 's right . . . eighty million people . that is more people than one multi million dollar advertisment reaches at the super bowl . this is the reason so many businesses are scrambling to make their presence known on the internet . not only does the internet let you reach these people , it lets you pitch these people on your product or services . that means it gives you the abillity to sell . . sell . . sell ! ! it also gives you the resurces you need to make excellent money . and we do mean excellent money ! ! ! consider the possibilities : you wake up each morning at your leisure and put on a pot of coffee . as you sip on your cup of hot """""""" brew """""""" you saunter over and turn your computer on . then , as your monitor glows from dim to bright , you find that you have inquiries from all sorts of people requesting what you have to offer . later , after you have finished reading your inquiries , you stroll out to your mailbox . you find it is filled with letters from people from all across the world ! what 's even better though , is that the letters are filled with money ; cash , checks , and money orders . then , after tallying up the totals , you find that you have made anywhere between $ 200 to $ 1 , 000 and it is n't even one o ' clock in the afternoon . think of it : no boss , no traffic , and no annoying co - workers . would n't it feel great to wake up in the morning knowing you are going to be making excellent money but do n't have to leave your house to do it ! ? ! would n't your life be far less complicated ? the truth is , you can be one of those who become financially independent via the internet . and the best part is . . . it doesn ' t require a lot of money ! ! what it does require is the knowledge of how , what , and where to do it . that is where we can help . here at natural instincts , we provide you with the knowledge of how to begin earning substantial income from your computer via the """""""" information superhighway """""""" . we can remember how overwhelming the internet seemed when we were first introduced to it . we realized the marketing and profit potential the internet holds , but really had no idea how to pursue it . in our thirst for answers and knowledge , we purchased everything we could find that had information on the how , what , and where . we spent thousands of dollars , but we now know what works and what does n't . no where , in all of our searching , could we find a complete packet of information for all of our questions . that is why we decided to write this report . we have compiled every proven method and secret that we have learned along the way into one complete , easy to understand report . this proven report makes believers of skeptics ! sound too good to be true ? that 's what others have said . that is , until they received their reports and saw for themselves just how easy it is to make money on the net ! check out these satisfied customers . . . hi ni , i received your report and free bonuses last saturday and wanted to congratulate you on a job well done . i read through your report """""""" how to profit from the internet """""""" and i ' m very impressed . i have bought other books and manuals about online marketing , direct marketing , e - mail , mail order , etc . yours is the only one that explains the subject in an easy to understand language . i finally found the secrets i ' ve been looking for . once again , great job ! sincerely , john strand - satisfied customer my father has always told me , """""""" remember , michele , there is no free lunch in life . you get out of life what you put into it . """""""" through trial and error and a somewhat slow frustrating start , i purchased your report and finally figured out how to start a very profitable business from my home . your report is great , you give the average person the tools and secrets to succeed . i know my dad is very proud of me now . i can't thank you enough = ) michele b from oregon good morning , i hope this finds you well . i received your program yesterday after - noon and read it cover to cover . you have put together a very valuable resource indeed . i have finally found the program that tells all ! your program has given me the tools i need to succeed . your program could truly end up being the best $ 39 . 95 i ever spent ! your the best , i ' m making your manual into my internet bible ! ! thanks a million ! best regards , mary w florida to whom it may concern - i ' m usually the first person to write a negative criticism about a product , being a """""""" consumer advocate """""""" columnist for a well respected newspaper . to tell you the truth , i ordered your product to do an expose on internet scams . but , as i was reading through your manual , i discovered what truly valuable information your company has put together , and for an affordable price . it is very rare for a """""""" complaint columnist """""""" to give a good review , but for the first time , i need to tell you that your manual you have put together is outstanding ! ! ! i have wanted for the last few years to start a business on the net , but have been deathly scared of taking that step to get started . but then i discovered your manual and put the tips and secrets to work . i have n't been able to keep up with the orders , and it 's only my second month ! ! ! i can't wait to see where i will be in six months ! thank you , rick johnson alabama this is a wonderful opportunity , we urge you to take advantage of it . you won't find too many people that will give away all of their secrets ! ! the majority of the rich people today have copied what someone else is or has been doing . that is what we are offering you now - - a chance to copy our success ! ! it is very easy and we are for real ! here 's a little more incentive to check this out . . . ~ if you order within 3 days ~ we will send you : * * * * free $ 400 bulk e-mail software * * * * * * * * free $ 200 check by phone , fax , e - mail software * * * * * * * * free $ 10 calling card * * * * - - - - plus - - - - we will send you a list of over 100 major search engines ready to surf on the internet or to place a free link to your web page . also , you will receive a list of 98 of the best inexpensive newspapers to advertise in ( u . s . orders only ) . the list is complete with papers name , city , phone number , circulation and frequency ( daily or weekly ) . we will also include five free bonus reports that include these topics : how to protect your pc from viruses how to get 300 + quality prospect to e - mail you weekly tips and secrets to advertising with the major online services what 's wrong with the world wide web tax advantages for the home business owner . you will find that these five reports by themselves are worth thousands of dollars to you . these bonuses alone are worth several times the cost of the report . we will also give you a secret list of over 1500 of the best web sites where you can place a free advertisement . this is a list we use every day to run our business and we are giving it to you ! imagine what a great offering we are giving you for free ! and we ' re not through , if you order right now , we will give you 15 free """""""" how to reports """""""" that you are free to market and sell on the internet or through mail order for $ 15-30 each . they are 45-60 informational packed pages each . a great way to start your own net based business ! the topics are ; 1 ) earn extra dollars with a home based answering machine 2 ) how to buy a car with bad credit 3 ) how to make thousands of dollars winning contests 4 ) u . s . government auction sales 5 ) an insider 's guide to finding and obtaining grant money 6 ) home based business for fun and profit 7 ) how to get a job fast 8 ) how to make money without leaving your house 9 ) how to turn the hobby of photography into thousands 10 ) making money at garage sales , swap meets , and flea markets 11 ) how to get paid for watching tv 12 ) getting your start in theater , television , and movies 13 ) wills or trusts ? the case for living trusts 14 ) how to find work with the federal government 15 ) how to write almost anything and get paid for it ! 50 , 000 email addresses for free that 's right , we will give you our best private list of 50 , 000 email addresses . this list of addresses has been put through our remove and undeliverable lists so that it is fresh and responsive . we are constantly adding and taking addresses out of it . it is absolutely the best 50 , 000 email addresses you will ever get your hands on , bar none ! ( please note : we are only giving this bonus to the first 50 people , so do n't wait ! ! ! ) so you are probably thinking to yourself , this is wonderful , but how much ? $ 149 . 95 , $ 99 . 95 maybe even $ 79 . 95 ? you may have seen other companies marketing """""""" how to """""""" information on the internet and charging these prices . people are actually buying these packages at these prices . why ? people want to know how to market a product or service the """""""" right """""""" way on the internet . """""""" how to profit from the internet """""""" could easily sell for any of the above prices . however , we feel that we would rather help those who may not have the ability to pay such a price in order to be successful . that is why we are offering """""""" how to profit from the internet """""""" at the low price of $ 39 . 95 . that 's right , that was not a typo . . . $ 39 . 95 . i have sold this package at much higher prices in the recent past and will be forced to raise my prices in the very near future . one of the things you will learn in my course is to constantly test your market . i am currently in the price testing phase of this marketing campaign . on july 1st , 1998 , i will be raising the price of this package back up to $ 49 . 95 and eventually up to $ 79 . 95 to test the upscale market . if you act quickly , you have the opportunity to get these materials today for the unbelievable low price of $ 39 . 95 . still skeptical ? ? ? lets put that to rest right now . we will make this completely risk free for you . if you are not 100 % satisfied with the information you receive , and believe that you cannot use it to start a successful business or increase your current business profits , return it within 30 days and we will refund your money . no questions asked ! ! are we nuts ? no , it just shows how confident we are that you ' ll be delighted with the information you ' ll have . . . just like the others who are already using the information and making money . you will be surprised how quickly you can be earning money on the internet ! so , if you are seriously interested in learning how to acquire wealth by being online , act now ! ! this won't last for long ! print out this form and mail it to the address below , with your $ 39 . 95 cash , check , money order or credit card information . natural instincts 4676 commercial st . se suite 201 salem , oregon 97302 thank you = ) * * * * please print out the order form and mail it along with your payment * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * order form * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ website address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ deliver """""""" how to profit from the internet """""""" to the following email address : e-mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( please note , all orders must include an email address incase we encounter a problem with processing . the 50 , 000 email addresses will be sent to you by email ) area code and phone number : day time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ evening : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [ ] if you prefer to have the report on disk , please check here . please include an additional $ 3 . 00 for shipping and handling , thank you . ( if you reside outside the united states , please include $ 2 . 00 extra ) please check one of the following : [ ] i ' m ordering within 3 days , please send my free software , $ 10 . 00 calling card , 15 how to reports , """""""" how to profit from the internet """""""" and free bonuses including 50 , 000 email addresses for the unbelievably low price of $ 39 . 95 today . [ ] i ' m not ordering within the first 3 days of receiving this letter , so i agree to pay $ 39 . 95 for """""""" how to profit from the internet """""""" by itself , less the bonus package . [ internal code 138702a ] this code must be on order form to be processed ! ! ! payment method : [ ] check [ ] cash [ ] money order [ ] credit card , please make sure to include the mailing address above ! [ ] visa [ ] mastercard [ ] american express [ ] discover name of credit card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name as it appears on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _ _ signature of card holder : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * """""""" in mail-order work , anyone with imagination , determination , and a willingness to study and experiment may have very little difficulty getting started . a number of the most successful one-man operations obtain an income as high as $ 40 , 000 to $ 100 , 000 a year . """""""" - u . s . department of commerce * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the market is here - today ! take advantage of it ! ! ! ! ! after you receive your report , i ' ll answer any questions time permits via email . i ' m looking forward to helping you succeed !
  """",1
  144,""""Subject: you deserve a break !
   
   dear nlpeople , you deserve a great vacation ! how does a 7 night cruise to alaska aboard the prestigious celebrity cruises sound ? imagine yourself on an all inclusive vacation , enjoying all of the great activities , and experiencing some of the most breathtaking scenery on the earth ! all of this and more for a special offer of only $ 799 . 00 ! ! ! we are a full service travel agency since 1958 dedicated to making your next vacation a great success ! for more details , click here - http : / / www . srtrav . com / alaska . htm to take advantage of this great offer , please respond to me at wylddave @ yahoo . com and put ' alaska ' in the subject line . i will then make sure you get this great price . if you have a group of 15 or more , let me know and i can get you an extra special offer ! ! we look forward to serving you ! ! dave lund at santa rosa travel note : in order to benefit from this spectacular email-only offer , rooms are available for reservation until may 15 , 1998 or as they last , whichever comes first .
  """",1
  145,""""Subject: free music , audio books , news , and software
   
   listen up ! every day thousands of music lovers , news hounds , book worms and information junkies are downloading free audio over the internet . it 's fast , easy and totally free ! would you like to join them ? click a highlighted link below to check it out for yourself ! http : / / www . mis-soft . com / rtr2 . cgi ? awy = 980611 = tp1 = vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx ( if your mail reader does not support clickable links , copy the url into your web browser . ) check out these fun and informative free audio clips that are only one-click away . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - music : click on the highlighted url below to go there now ! http : / / www . mis-soft . com / rtr2 . cgi ? awy = 980611 = mc4 = vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx with a total of 10 music categories , including : jazz , new age , reggae , popular , classical , and rock & roll - - you ' ll be sure to find something to tap your mouse to . miranda lee richards - - have you heard her yet ? check out the """""""" unsigned bands """""""" area of the music section to personally discover today 's up-and - coming artists . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - audio books : click on the highlighted url below to go there now ! http : / / www . mis-soft . com / rtr2 . cgi ? awy = 980611 = bk2 = vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx download and listen to a wide range of fiction , non fiction , best sellers and classics all free . today 's feature audio book is """""""" t . rex and the crater of doom """""""" . join berkeley geologist walter alverez , as he tells the tale of an asteroid larger than mt . everest that slammed into the earth , forcing the eventual extinction of dinosaurs from our planet . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - audio casts : click on the highlighted url below to go there now ! http : / / www . mis-soft . com / rtr2 . cgi ? awy = 980611 = cs3 = vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx make a daily ritual of downloading fun and informative clips like : old time radio - - experience the radio broadcasts of old like """""""" gunsmoke """""""" , """""""" the lone ranger """""""" , and """""""" dimension x """""""" as they return to life with the same intrigue and suspense that captured the imagination of an entire generation . star date - - get to know your universe a little better with stardate - a fact filled guide to the night sky from the mcdonald douglas observatory . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - audio news : click on the highlighted url below to go there now ! http : / / www . mis-soft . com / rtr2 . cgi ? awy = 980611 = nw5 = vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx npr 's morning edition - - keep informed with """""""" morning edition """""""" from national public radio . bob edwards hosts this popular daily news show that offers in-depth reporting and analysis of the days news and events . do n't forget to check out newseek , ap , cnet radio , and 24 - hour satellite news - - all free . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - free audiowiz software listen whenever you want audiowiz will let you really take control of your audio world . the cd - like interface and the single-click download features will have you up and running in no time . it 's real fast , and it ' s free ! click a highlighted link below to get audiowiz for free , and to check out all of the great free audio . http : / / www . mis-soft . com / rtr2 . cgi ? awy = 980611 = in6 = vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx ( if your mail reader does not support clickable links , copy the url into your web browser . ) p . s . the audio selection keeps growing did we mention free news on the hour ? the latest , hottest business and national news - - direct from our satellite feed to your desktop via free audiowiz software . p . p . s . : did we mention that all of these timely , exciting , and highly relevant digital audio clips are always yours to download for free ? click a highlighted link below to check it out now ! http : / / www . mis-soft . com / rtr2 . cgi ? awy = 980611 = en7 = vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx ( if your mail reader does not support clickable links , please copy the url into your web browser . ) * audiowiz also requires 16mb ram , 10mb available hard disk space , ms internet explorer 3 . 0 or netscape navigator 3 . 0 , and a pc with audio capability . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if you received this message in error , or do not wish to receive further updates and offers , please : click below to remove yourself from this mailing . http : / / www . mis-soft . com / cgi-bin / rem ? vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx or reply via email with """""""" remove """""""" as the subject . copyright 1998 asset max
  """",1
  146,""""Subject: free trial membership
   
   the latest in adult technology ! ! ! brand new xxx adult site free trial membership please visit the latest in live video conferencing . 1000 channels of hardcore ! ! live rooms ! ! ! young dancers ! ! ! large picture gallery ! thousands of pictures ! ! come and visit our site for a great experience . http : / / www . sexxxybodies . com * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",1
  147,""""Subject: 50 % return on investment . . .
   
   profit from the breakup of america 's largest monopoly . $ 200 million extra a year increase in economic growth . own a piece of this exploding market . over 50 % annual returns with residual income . ira / sep qualified . for complete details : click here t
  """",1
  148,""""Subject: secrets of the internet
   
   making millions - secrets of the internet yes . i am going to reveal in detail and with internetlinks all of the secrets of the internet that can make you rich - rich - rich . this is a result of years of research . my research . days and nights until the wee hours of the morning searching and compiling data . i knew that some people were getting rich using the internet for relatively little investment . now i know how . i am willing to share it with you but that can change at any moment . frankly , many people are trying to shut me down . and i am getting a little worn from it all . so get this info while you can . why am i not keeping these secrets to myself and using them to make millions . in fact , i am using them at this time and that is how i know that they work . i am making them available to you because no one else will and that creates a business opportunity for me . simple as that . if you feel nervous about investing a few dollars to make millions then simply do not do it . enough said . $ 19 . 95 - making millions - secrets of the internet - part one * * * how to setup a web server on your home pc for free * * * the first step to making millions on the internet is to setup your own web server so you can host your site and send and receive email with the least interference . i show you how to get free web server software and how to control your site remotely and keep it up all the time without expensive equipment . i will show you how to make your home computer into a cash generating internet storefront . $ 99 . 95 - making millions - secrets of the internet - part two ( including part one ) * * * how to market to millions of internet users thru 20 , 000 news groups * * * the second step to making millions on the internet is to have the proper software and the proper methods to use the news groups to market your products . if you attempt to use your browser to access news groups it will probably take your over 100 years to access them all . that is why the proper software is a necessity . and if you have the proper software and do not observe the proper ettiquete then you will get thrown off your isp ( internet service provider ) within hours . i will point you to both the proper software to access thousands of news groups a minute and to market to the news groups without getting the boot from your isp . $ 199 . 95 - making millions - secrets of the internet - part three ( including part one and part two ) * * * how to market to over 60 million internet users thru bulk e - mail * * * the third step to making millions on the internet is to have the proper software and the proper methods to use the bulk email to market your products . if you attempt to use your browser to send bulk email it will probabbly take your over 1000 years to send lists of 60 million plus . that is why the proper software is a necessity . and if you have the proper software and do not observe the proper ettiquete then you will get thrown off your isp ( internet service provider ) within hours . i will show you where to buy good bulk email , how to build your own lists while you sleep and how to send your bulk emai without getting the boot from your isp . $ 279 . 95 - making millions - secrets of the internet - part four ( including part one and part two and part three ) * * * how to use subliminal methods for effective banner advertising * * * the final step to making millions on the internet is effective banner advertising . it is not enough to put something up and pray . i will show you how to incorporate subliminal technology into your banner advertising to literally make people click on your ad and come to your site . and i will show you how to literally make them buy your products with these same techniques . how do you order ? make your check or money order payable to : """""""" secrets of the internet """""""" 11470 euclid avenue - suite 525 cleveland , oh 44106 usa be sure to put your email address on your check or money order and i will email your secrets of the internet immediately . order ' part four ' before july 1 , 1998 and get 61 million fresh email addresses for free ! ! !
  """",1
  149,""""Subject: re : free phonesex ( 664 ) 410-4332
   
   dear sir / madam : due to our 1 year aniversary , we are giving you a free treat ! for the next month you can call the number below and have free phonesex ! the first two hours of any of your calls in the next month will be * * * * * absolutely free ! ! no questions asked ! * * * * * so pick up the phone and call ( 664 ) 410-4332 now ! our girls are hot , young , blond , horny and want to play with you now ! call ( 664 ) 410-4332 now ! !
  """",1
  150,""""Subject: returns you have asked for
   
   america 's largest monopoly shattered ! ! ! ! ! new growth market 2 1 / 2 times size of telephone industry now open to general public . over 50 % returns . ira approved . more details and short video presentation here http : / / 205 . 134 . 183 . 46 / fpc / alt . html
  """",1
  151,""""Subject: check this out , it 's worth a look .
   
   wayward teens they can't keep their damn clothes on ! ! ! we ' ve captured it on film , and we ' re giving it away ! for the next two weeks only ! ! ! come to , http : / / 209 . 84 . 246 . 106 / amateur / you can also copy and paste the above url . * this site contains adult subject matter . do not access if under 21 years of age ! to be removed from our mailing list go to : http : / / 194 . 190 . 221 . 199 / remove . html
  """",1
  152,""""Subject: create a new credit file legally in 30 days ! ! !
   
   how to create a new credit file in 30 days ! enjoy aaa credit in 1 month , using a 100 % legal method ! discover how to create a brand new credit file for yourself by taking advantage of the laws that governs the credit reporting agencies ! this unique and virtually unknown program is 100 % legal , and can work for you every time . this is your chance for a new start ! please understand : it does not matter what your credit past is , and best of all , the process is free ! these are the very same credit secrets that celebrities have used for years . these are the secrets that the credit bureaus don ' t want you to ever discover ! you see , credit bureaus and the government tell you that you are stuck with your credit history unless there are errors . in fact , it has been reported that as many as 70 % of all americans have problems with negative or incorrect information on their credit report . unfortunately , until now there has n't been a resource to turn to for easy-to - understand , unbiased information about how to get out of your messy credit . but , armed with this secret information , there are many things that you can do to improve your past credit record within the law ! after reading this book , you will start getting new credit cards and other lines of credit , to lease a car , get pre-approved credit card offers , or even get a mortgage on your dream house ! our proven techniques are detailed in a clear , step-by - step process . there is no guesswork because we lay out your plan for success in a way that will help you to change your credit record forever . just imagine : not having to be embarrassed about your credit problems anymore . but please do n't hesitate ! as we said , this is your chance for a fresh , new start ! new credit cards new car loans new bank loans new mortgage loans sparkling new aaa credit all this in just 30 days ! mail this or xanadu 1738 e . broadway ste . 412 long beach , ca . 90802 for more info you can reach our fax - on - demand center at : ( 562 ) 495-2784 _ _ _ please rush me your report on creating aaa credit in 30 days ! i want to receive the report at $ 12 . 50 last / first name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city / state / zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone no . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ check _ _ m . o . ( payable to : xanadu )
  """",1
  153,""""Subject: find out what """""""" they """""""" do n't want you to know !
   
   dear friend : if you have already responded to the following announcement a few days ago , that means your package is already on its way and it should be arriving soon ! if you have not responded to this before , please pay attention to it now . this is very important ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! important announcement important announcement ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' your future may depend on it ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! before you know about this ' important announcement ' , you must first read the following ' editorial excerpts ' from some important publications in the united states : new york times : """""""" in concluding our review of financial organizations to effect change in the 90 's , special attention should be called to a california based organization , ' world currency cartel ' . members of this organization are amassing hundred of millions of dollars in the currency market using a very legal method which has never been divulged to the general public . while their purpose is not yet known , their presence has most certainly been felt """""""" . nbc nightly news : """""""" members of ' world currency cartel ' , who always keep a low profile , are considered to be some of the most wealthiest people in north america """""""" . more excerpts later , but first let us give you this very """""""" important announcement """""""" : ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' we are glad to announce that for the first time and for a very short period of time , world currency cartel will instruct a limited number of people worldwide on ' how to convert $ 25 into one hundred of legal currency ' . we will transact the first conversion for you , after that you can easily and quickly do this on your own hundreds or even thousands of times every month . take advantage of this """""""" secret flaw """""""" ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * it is even more explosive than we have yet disclosed . while currency does fluctuate daily , we can show you ' how to convert $ 99 into $ 588 as many times as you want ' . that means , you will be able to exchange $ 99 , american legal currency dollars , for $ 580 of the same . you can do this as many times as you wish , every day , every week , every month . all very legal and effortlessly ! it takes only 5 to 10 minutes each time you do this . you can do this from home , office or even while traveling . all you need is an access to a phone line and an address . best of all , you can do this from any city on this earth ! ! ! again , we must reiterate , anyone can do this and the source is never-ending . for as long as the global financial community continues to use different currencies with varying exchange rates , the """""""" secret flaw """""""" will exist . > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > as we said earlier , we will do the first transaction for you and will show you exactly how to do this on your own , over and over again ! the amount of exchange you would do each time is entirely up to you . working just 2 to 10 hours a week , you can soon join the list of millionaires who do this on a daily basis many times a day . the transaction is so simple that even a high school kid can do it ! we at the world currency cartel would like to see a uniform global currency backed by gold . but , until then , we will allow a limited number of individuals worldwide to share in the unlimited profits provided for by the world currency differentials . we will espouse no more political views nor will we ask you to do so . we can say however , that our parent organization , ndml , benefits greatly by the knowledge being shared , as we ourselves , along with you , benefit likewise . your main concern surely will be , how you will benefit . as soon as you become a member , you will make transactions from your home , office , by telephone or through the mail . you can conduct these transactions even while traveling . do n't believe us ? experience it for yourself ! ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; unlike anyone else , we will assure you great financial freedom and you will add to our quickly growing base of supporters and join the list of millionaires being created using this very """""""" secret flaw """""""" in the world currency market . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * don ' t envy us , join us today ! ! ! ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' there is a one time membership fee of only $ 195 . but , if you join us by july 20 , 1998 date , you can join us for only $ 25 administrative cost . your important documents , instructions , contact name / address , phone number and all other pertinent information will be mailed to you immediately . so take advantage of our anniversary date and join us today . ( if you are replying after july 20 , you must pay $ 195 . 00 for the membership fee . no exceptions , and no more e - mail inquiries please ) . upon becoming a member , you promise to keep all infos confidential ! ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ should you choose to cancel your membership for any reason , you must return all papers / documents for a refund within 60 days . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ important : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1 . . . please write your name & mailing address very clearly on a paper 2 . . . below your mailing address , please write your e - mail address 3 . . . at the top left hand corner , please write the words """""""" new member """""""" 4 . . . attach a check or money order for $ 25 + $ 10 for the shipping and handling of documents ( total = $ 35 . 00 ) payable to """""""" ndml """""""" and mail to : ndml po box 311 milford , nj 08848 * if outside us add an additional $ 10 ( total = $ 45 . 00 , international money orders only ) } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } here are some more ' editorial excerpts ' : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ wall street : """""""" a discreet group of americans , operating under the guise of world currency cartel have recently begun making rumbles in world finance market . while at this time , their game is not completely known , they certainly will be watched by those making major moves in the currency contracts """""""" . financial week : """""""" watch them , monitor them , extract their knowledge and try to become one of them . that is the soundest financial advice we could give to anyone """""""" . national business weekly : """""""" while this reporter has been left in the cold as to its method of operation , we have been able to confirm that ' world currency cartel ' and its members are literally amassing great fortunes overnight """""""" . $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ end $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
  """",1
  154,""""Subject: they can even steal your identity !
   
   are you being investigated ? has your personal and credit information been stolen ? has someone assumed your identity ? would you like to locate an old friend , relative , military buddy or sweetheart ? do you want to find a person 's assets to collect a debt or judgement ? would you like to check a person 's criminal record before renting them space or giving them employment ? would you like to fix up your credit bureau report , create a new identity or even disappear ? are you going to have surgery ? would you like to know how many malpractice suits have been filed against your doctor ? now you can learn all this plus much , much more with our brand new 45 page report """""""" internet sleuth """""""" ! learn the internet tools and resources that are used to investigate you , your relatives , friends , neighbors , enemies , employees or anyone else ! we will give you thousands of internet locations to look up people , credit , social security , current or past employment , driving records , criminal records , medical information , military records , addresses , phone numbers , immigration , divorce , labor and criminal laws ! we will also give you sources to find missing children and parents , hazardous waste sites , how to do freedom of information act information searches , how to do skip tracing and backround checks on prospective dates , brides or grooms , employees , renters , vendors , new clients and competitors ! you will also learn about and where to get surveillance and spy devices , private mail forwarding and annonymous email forwarding sites , search for copyrights , patents and court cases and how to make your assets untraceable ! we will show you how to get copies of credit reports , adoption databases , information on drugs , poisons and how to get your share of government programs and benefits ! can you find this information by using the internet search engines ? the answer is maybe if you get lucky and if you want to spend many hours going through 25 , 000 plus hits per subject ! we and our staff have spent hundreds of hours and many thousands of dollars compiling this information for you ! now you can have it on a silver platter for less than twenty bucks during this special email promotion ! you frequently hear over the media , television , radio , the newspapers , how personal information is being used , traded and sold over the internet . . . usually without your permission or knowledge . our report will show you how it is done ! ! ! would you like to find that old romantic flame . . . find telephone , address or email information on almost anyone . . . even unlisted phone numbers ? how about your family """""""" tree """""""" ? we will teach you how to turn years of work into hours of fun ! military ? check army , navy , air force and marine records . extensive vietnamese war records , mia info , much more ! looking for a job ? find the job you are seeking . . . even in another state or another country ! we will teach you how ! looking for a new love interest or spouse or even sex partner ? we will show you where to look for fast results ! want up-to - the-minute health and medical information ? learn how to cure fears and phoebias , the latest drugs and treatments for almost any ailment or desease from the drug companies themselves as well as from universities and the center for desease control . want to learn the most effective way to loose weight ? it 's all here in our report ! if you believe that the information compiled about you should be as available to you as to the people that compile it about you without your knowledge or permission than you must order """""""" the internet sleuth report """""""" immediately ! our """""""" internet sleuth report """""""" is normally sold by direct mail for $ 39 . 95 and will soon be in book stores for $ 29 . 95 . however , to generate publicity and """""""" get the word out """""""" we are making this 10 day email special offer of our complete 45 page report for only $ 19 . 95 plus $ 3 for shipping and handling [ total $ 22 . 95 ] . sold with our 10 day money back guarantee ! this is the biggest bargain on the internet and the information it will give to you will give you great power ! it can really change your life in a positive way . order now ! the complete 45 page """""""" internet sleuth report """""""" only $ 19 . 95 plus $ 3 shipping and handling - total $ 22 . 95 . shipped in plain wrapper by first class mail . add $ 5 for priority mail delivery . add $ 20 for overnight express ! we accept visa , mastercard , american express or discover . we can also accept your check by phone or fax . you may order by phone 9 am to 10 pm [ ny time ] by phoning [ 718 ] 287-3800 you may order by fax 24 hours per day by phoning our fax line at [ 718 ] 462-5920 . you can fax your credit card information or your check to email your order - do not hit reply on your keyboard send email to our special email address below : info1998 @ juno . com [ note : if you order by email and do not receive an email confirmation within 24 hours , please phone our office at 718-287 - 3800 ] you can also order by mail by sending $ 22 . 95 cash , check , money order or major credit card [ visa , mastercard , american express or discover ] to tcps , inc . 4718 18th ave . suite 135 brooklyn , ny 11204 make checks & money orders payable to tcps , inc . new york state residents please add $ 1 . 70 for sales tax the following order form is for your convenience ! use it by mail , fax or email ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please ship me _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ copies of the internet sleuth report at $ 19 . 95 each plus $ 3 . 00 for shipping and handling [ $ 22 . 95 ] signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp date _ _ _ _ _ _ ship to : name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ area code and home phone [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax # [ ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to remove your name from our mailing list , send us an email with remove in the subject line . this is a one time offer and you should not hear from us again ! tcps , inc . , 4718 18th ave . , suite 135 , brooklyn , ny 11204 office [ 718 ] 287-3800 fax [ 718 ] 462-5920 24 hours [ 9am to 10pm ny time ] [ c ] copyright 1998 tcps , inc . all rights reserved .
  """",1
  155,""""Subject: hello
   
   explode your buisiness . . . right now ! this is the break you have been waiting for you do n't want to trash this one warning : this is real ! ! pass this up lightly and you ' ll be making one of the most grave mistakes of your life read this twice ! ! ! ! ! please accept my apology if this was sent to you in error ! you are about to make at least $ 50 , 000 - in less than 90 days read the enclosed program . . . then read it again ! . . . hi , my name is jessy lemieux , and i am the one who sent you this e-mail ( if not , someone i sent this to decided to leave my statement ) . first , let me assure you that this is real . i am a senior in high school in victorville , ca ; just an average person just as you probably are , but am already beginning to become wealthy beyond what i have ever dreamed . i can understand if you dont believe me right now , but i urge you to take a little time to read this and maybe think about it for a few days . that s what i did . i recieved this same e-mail about two months ago . i was skeptical , but after some consideration i decided to go for it . i decided that the $ 20 needed to start was worth risking ( besides if it was a scam i was going to go to the police with the addresses below and get the guy running it busted so that he couldn t rip off anyone else ) . well , to my surprise , i received my reports ( you ll find out about those later ) within two weeks via e-mail . soon i got a po box and a list of two million e-mails ( all very easy ) and started sending emails through a bulk email program i downloaded . everything was easy after that , and the cash was rolling in . and thats my story ( i have no reason to lie to you , my address is below and the last thing i want is hate mail for the rest of my life ) . if you are still concerned , write me and i will answer any questions you have . this truly is the opportunity of a lifetime , don t let it pass you by . sincerely , jessy lemieux pres . w . o . w . incorporated dear friend , the enclosed information is something i almost let slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . my name is christopher erickson . two years ago , the corporation i worked at for the past twelve years down-sized and my position was eliminated . after unproductive job interviews , i decided to open my own business . over the past year , i incurred many unforeseen financial problems . i owed my family , friends , and creditors over $ 35 , 000 . the economy was taking a toll on my business and i just could n't seem to make ends meet . i had to refinance and borrow against my home to support my family and struggling business . i truly believe it was wrong for me to be in debt like this . at that moment something significant happened in my life and i am writing to share my experience in hopes that this will change your life forever . . . . financially ! ! ! in mid - december , i received this program via email . six months prior to receiving this program i had been sending away for information on various business opportunities . all of the programs i received , in my opinion , were not cost effective . they were either too difficult for me to comprehend or the initial investment was too much for me to risk to see if they worked or not . one claimed i 'd make a million dollars in one year . . . it did n't tell me i 'd have to write a book to make it . but like i was saying , in december of ' 96 i received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off a mailing list . thank goodness for that ! ! ! after reading it several times , to make sure i was reading it correctly , i could n't believe my eyes . here was a money-making phenomenon . i could invest as much as i wanted to start , without putting me further in debt . after i got a pencil and paper and figured it out , i would at least get my money back . after determining that the program is legal and not a chain letter , i decided """""""" why not """""""" . initially i sent out 10 , 000 emails . it only cost me about $ 15 . 00 for my time on-line . the great thing about email is that i did n't need any money for printing to send out the program , only the cost to fulfill my orders . i am telling you like it is , i hope it does n't turn you off , but i promised myself that i would not """""""" rip-off """""""" anyone , no matter how much money it cost me ! . in less than one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by january 13th , i had received 26 orders for report # 1 . when you read the guarantee in the program , you will see that """""""" you must receive 15 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks . if you don ' t , send out more programs until you do ! """""""" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in 20 to 90 days was done . by january 30th , i had received 196 orders for report # 2 . if you go back to the guarantee , """""""" you must receive 100 or more orders for report # 2 within two weeks . if not , send out more programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goal . """""""" well , i had 196 orders for report # 2 , 96 more than i needed . so i sat back and relaxed . by march 19th , of my emailing of 10 , 000 , i received $ 58 , 000 with more coming in every day . i paid off all my debts and bought a much needed new car . please take time to read the attached program , it will change your life forever ! remember , it wont work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place . it does n't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! report # 2 explains this . always follow the guarantee , 15 to 20 orders for report # 1 , and 100 or more orders for report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or more in 20 to 90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i ' m sorry . it really is a great opportunity with little cost or risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to financial security . if you are a fellow business owner and you are in financial trouble like i was , or you want to start your own business , consider this a sign . i did ! sincerely , christopher erickson ps do you have any idea what 11 , 700 $ 5 bills ( $ 58 , 000 ) look like piled up on a kitchen table ? it ' s awesome ! a personal note from the originator of this program by the time you have read the enclosed information and looked over the enclosed program and reports , you should have concluded that such a program , and one that is legal , could not have been created by an amateur . let me tell you a little about myself . i had a profitable business for ten years . then in 1979 my business began falling off . i was doing the same things that were previously successful for me , but it was n't working . finally , i figured it out . it was n't me , it was the economy . inflation and recession had replaced the stable economy that had been with us since 1945 . i do n't have to tell you what happened to the unemployment rate . . . because many of you know from first hand experience . there were more failures and bankruptcies than ever before . the middle class was vanishing . those who knew what they were doing invested wisely and moved up . those who did not , including those who never had anything to save or invest , were moving down into the ranks of the poor . as the saying goes , """""""" the rich get richer and the poor get poorer . """""""" the traditional methods of making money will never allow you to """""""" move up """""""" or """""""" get rich """""""" , inflation will see to that . you have just received information that can give you financial freedom for the rest of your life , with """""""" no risk """""""" and """""""" just a little bit of effort . """""""" you can make more money in the next few months than you have ever imagined . i should also point out that i will not see a penny of your money , nor anyone else who has provided a testimonial for this program . i have already made over four million dollars ! i have retired from the program after sending out over 16 , 000 programs . now i have several offices which market this and several other programs here in the us and overseas . by the spring , we wish to market the ' internet ' by a partnership with america on line . follow the program exactly as instructed . do not change it in any way . it works exceedingly well as it is now . remember to email a copy of this exciting program to everyone that you can think of . one of the people you send this to may send out 50 , 000 . . . and your name will be on every one of them ! . remember though , the more you send out , the more potential customers you will reach . so my friend , i have given you the ideas , information , materials and opportunity to become financially independent , it is up to you now ! """""""" think about it """""""" before you delete this program from your mailbox , as i almost did , take a little time to read it and really think about it . get a pencil and figure out what could happen when you participate . figure out the worst possible response and no matter how you calculate it , you will still make a lot of money ! definitely get back what you invested . any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . it works ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc here ' s how this amazing program will make you $ $ $ $ $ $ let 's say that you decide to start small , just to see how it goes , and we ' ll assume you and all those involved send out 2 , 000 programs each . let 's also assume that the mailing receives a . 5 % response . using a good list the response could be much better . also many people will send out hundreds of thousands of programs instead of 2 , 000 . but continuing with this example , you send out only 2 , 000 programs . with a . 5 % response , that is only 10 orders for report # 1 . those 10 people respond by sending out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 20 , 000 . out of those . 5 % , 100 people respond and order report # 2 . those 100 mail out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 200 , 000 . the . 5 % response to that is 1 , 000 orders for report # 3 . those 1 , 000 send out 2 , 000 programs each for a 2 , 000 , 000 total . the . 5 % response to that is 10 , 000 orders for report # 4 . that 's 10 , 000 five dollar bills for you . cash ! ! ! ! your total income in this example is $ 50 + $ 500 + $ 5000 + $ 50 , 000 for a total of $ 55 , 550 ! ! ! ! remember friend , this is assuming 1 , 990 out of 2 , 000 people you mail to will do absolutely nothing . . . and trash this program ! dare to think for a moment what would happen if everyone or half sent out 100 , 000 programs instead of only 2 , 000 . believe me , many people will do that and more ! by the way , your cost to participate in this is practically nothing . you obviously already have an internet connection and email is free ! ! ! report # 3 will show you the best methods for bulk emailing and purchasing email lists . this is a legitimate , legal , money making opportunity . it does notrequire you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house except to get the mail . if you believe that someday you ' ll get that big break that you ' ve been waiting for , this is it ! simply follow the instructions , and your dream will come true . this multi-level email order marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time . email is the sales tool of the future . take advantage of this non-commercialized method of advertising now ! ! the longer you wait , the more people will be doing business using email . get your piece of this action ! ! multi-level marketing ( mlm ) has finally gained respectability . it is being taught in the harvard business school , and both stanford research and the wall street journal have stated that between 50 % and 65 % of all goods and services will be sold throughout multi - level methods by the mid to late 1990 's . this is a multi - billion dollar industry and of the 500 , 000 millionaires in the us , 20 % ( 100 , 000 ) made their fortune in the last several years in mlm . moreover , statistics show 45 people become millionaires everyday through multi - level marketing . instructions we at m . o . c . marketing business , have a method of raising capital that really works 100 % every time . i am sure that you could use $ 50 , 000 to $ 125 , 000 in the next 20 to 90 days . before you say """""""" bull """""""" , please read the program carefully . this is not a chain letter , but a perfectly legal money making opportunity . basically , this is what we do : as with all multi-level business , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the usa allows you to recruit new multi - level business partners , and we offer a product for every dollar sent . your orders come and are filled through the mail , so you are not involved in personal selling . you do it privately in your own home , store or office . this is the greatest multi - level mail order marketing anywhere : step ( 1 ) order all four 4 reports listed by name and number . do this by ordering the report from each of the four 4 names listed on the next page . for each report , send $ 5 cash and a self - addressed , stamped envelope ( business size # 10 ) to the person listed for the specific report . international orders should also include $ 1 extra for postage . it is essential that you specify the name and number of the report requested to the person you are ordering from . you will need all four 4 reports because you will be reprinting and reselling them . do not alter the names or sequence other than what the instructions say . important : always provide same-day service on all orders . step ( 2 ) replace the name and address under report # 1 with yours , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . drop the name and address under report # 2 to report # 3 , moving the one that was there to report # 4 . the name and address that was under report # 4 is dropped from the list and this party is no doubt on the way to the bank . when doing this , make certain you type the names and addresses accurately ! do not mix up moving product / report positions ! ! ! step ( 3 ) having made the required changes in the name list , save it as a text ( . txt ) file in it 's own directory to be used with whatever email program you like . again , report # 3 will tell you the best methods of bulk emailing and acquiring email lists . step ( 4 ) email a copy of the entire program ( all of this is very important ) to everyone whose address you can get your hands on . start with friends and relatives since you can encourage them to take advantage of this fabulous money-making opportunity . that 's what i did . and they love me now , more than ever . then , email to anyone and everyone ! use your imagination ! you can get email addresses from companies on the internet who specialize in email mailing lists . these are very cheap , 100 , 000 addresses for around $ 35 . 00 . important : you won't get a good response if you use an old list , so always request a fresh , new list . you will find out where to purchase these lists when you order the four 4 reports . always provide same-day service on all orders ! ! ! required reports * * * order each report by number and name * * * always send a self-addressed , stamped envelope and $ 5 cash for each order requesting the specific report by name and number you must include your e-mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """""""" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """""""" order report # 1 from : w . o . w . incorporated po box 2527 victorville , ca 92393 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """""""" major corporations and multi-level sales """""""" order report # 2 from : m - tronics 32445 regents blvd . union city , ca 94587-4849 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """""""" sources for the best mailing lists """""""" order report # 3 from rkl international 3060 w . country meadow dr . tucson , az 85742 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """""""" evaluating multi-level sales plans """""""" order report # 4 from : thunder tech . 202 lathrop st . south hadley , ma 01075 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conclusion i am enjoying my fortune that i made by sending out this program . you too , will be making money in 20 to 90 days , if you follow the simple steps outlined in this mailing . to be financially independent is to be free . free to make financial decisions as never before . go into business , get into investments , retire or take a vacation . no longer will a lack of money hold you back . however , very few people reach financial independence , because when opportunity knocks , they choose to ignore it . it is much easier to say """""""" no """""""" than """""""" yes """""""" , and this is the question that you must answer . will you ignore this amazing opportunity or will you take advantage of it ? if you do nothing , you have indeed missed something and nothing will change . please re-read this material , this is a special opportunity . if you have any questions , please feel free to write to the sender of this information . you will get a prompt and informative reply . my method is simple . i sell thousands of people a product for $ 5 that costs me pennies to produce and email . i should also point out that this program is legal and everyone who participates will make money . this is not a chain letter or pyramid scam . at times you have probably received chain letters , asking you to send money , on faith , but getting nothing in return , no product what-so - ever ! not only are chain letters illegal , but the risk of someone breaking the chain makes them quite unattractive . you are offering a legitimate product to your people . after they purchase the product from you , they reproduce more and resell them . it 's simple free enterprise . as you learned from the enclosed material , the product is a series of four 4 financial and business reports . the information contained in these reports will not only help you in making your participation in this program more rewarding , but will be useful to you in any other business decisions you make in the years ahead . you are also buying the rights to reprint all of the reports , which will be ordered from you by those to whom you mail this program . the concise one and two page reports you will be buying can easily be reproduced ; emailed to the requester . best wishes with the program and good luck ! """""""" it was truly amazing """""""" """""""" not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind to participate in this program . but conservative as i am , i decided that the initial investment was so little that there was no way that i could not get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i ever surprised when i found my medium sized post office box crammed with orders ! i will make more money this year than any ten years of my life before . """""""" mary riceland , lansing , mi tips for success send for your four 4 reports immediately so you will have them when the orders start coming in . when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the product / service to comply with us postal and lottery laws . title 18 sections 1302 and 1341 specifically state that : """""""" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . """""""" while you wait for the reports to arrive : 1 . name your new company . you can use your own name if you desire . 2 . get a post office box ( preferred ) . 3 . edit the names and addresses on the program . you must remember , your name and address go next to report # 1 and the others all move down one , with the fourth one being bumped off the list . 4 . obtain as many email addresses as possible to send until you receive the information on mailing list companies in report # 3 . 5 . decide on the number of programs you intend to send out . the more you send , and the quicker you send them , the more money you will make . 6 . after mailing the programs , get ready to fill the orders . 7 . important : always provide same-day service on orders you receive ! 8 . make certain the letter and reports are neat and legible . your guarantee the check point which guarantees your success is simply this : you must receive 15 to 20 orders for report # 1 . this is a must ! ! ! if you do n't within two weeks , email out more programs until you do . then a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 , if you do n't , send out more programs until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , ( take a deep breath ) you can sit back and relax , because you are going to make at least $ 50 , 000 . mathematically it is a proven guarantee . of those who have participated in the program and reached the above guarantees-all havereached their $ 50 , 000 goal . also , remember , every time your name is moved down the list you are in front of a different report , so you can keep track of your program by knowing what people are ordering from you . it ' s that easy , really , it is ! ! ! remember : """""""" he who dares nothing , need not hope for anything . """""""" """""""" invest a little time , energy and money now or search for it for the rest of your life . """""""" ps ( from jessy lemieux ) if you have decided to participate , good for you ! i wish you good luck . just one thing though . whatever you do , don t give away the reports . i know its tempting to give them to your friends and relatives . i almost did , but then i began to think what would happen if everyone gave away just 5 reports . do the math and you ll find out that it could cost the people involved literallty hundreds of thousands of dollars . would you want someone to cheat you that way ? it seems harmless but is very damaging to this near perfect system . as long as everyone follows the system , everyone will be rich . sorry if this seemed like common sense to you , its just that excited people like me sometimes don t think about things like this and i wanted to make sure that no one gets cheated out of the work they put into this . once again good luck and don t refrain from writing me if you have any concerns . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - sent using global messenger - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - global messenger is designed to send e-mails to a list of recipients without exposing the recipient list to the recipients . it is an ideal batch e-mail tool for sending newsletters , marketing information , productupdates or other bulk mail materials from a normal ( smtp - compliant ) e-mail client account . allows you to attach files and automatically handles mime , uuencode vist www . global . net for more information - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - unregistered version - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",1
  156,""""Subject: :
   
   thank you for your recent visit to one of our sponsored webpages . we would like to invite you to evaluate a brand new free internet search engine service : the cyberian search centre located here : canada - http : / / www3 . nf . sympatico . ca / dotel / usa - http : / / www . freeyellow . com / members / knowitall / usa - http : / / www . geocities . com / eureka / plaza / 1922 / index . htm if you have not found what you are looking for you have not been here ! all the best , cyberian search centre team note : please disregard any copies of this message you may receive
  """",1
  157,""""Subject: would you like to . . . .
   
   . . drive a new vehicle for free ? ? ? this is not hype or a hoax , there are hundreds of people driving brand new cars , suvs , minivans , trucks , or rvs . it does not matter to us what type of vehicle you choose . if you qualify for our program , it is your choice of vehicle , color , and options . we don ' t care . just by driving the vehicle , you are promoting our program . if you would like to find out more about this exciting opportunity to drive a brand new vehicle for free , please go to this site : http : / / 209 . 134 . 14 . 131 / ntr to watch a short 4 minute audio / video presentation which gives you more information about our exciting new car program . if you do n't want to see the short video , but want us to send you our information package that explains our exciting opportunity for you to drive a new vehicle for free , please go here : http : / / 209 . 134 . 14 . 131 / ntr / form . htm we would like to add you the group of happy people driving a new vehicle for free . happy motoring .
  """",1
  158,""""Subject: just released ! 10 million ! ! !
   
   it was just released ! ! introducing . . . millions vol . 1a we took a total of over 92 million email addresses from many of the touted cd 's that are out there ( bought them all - some were $ 300 + ) ! we added the millions we had in storage to those . when we combined them all , we had in excess of 100 + million addresses in one huge file . we then ran a super """""""" sort / de-dupe """""""" program against this huge list . it cut the file down to less than 25 million ! ! ! can you believe that ? it seems that most people that are selling cd 's are duping the public by putting numerous files of addresses in the cd over and over . this created many duplicate addresses . they also had many program """""""" generated """""""" email addresses like compuserve , mci , anon 's , etc . this causes a tremendous amount of undeliverables , and for those that use stealth programs , clogs up servers quickly with trash , etc . we then ran a program that contained 1800 + keywords to remove addresses with vulgarity , profanity , sex-related names , postmaster , webmaster , flamer , abuse , spam , etc . , etc . also eliminated all . edu , . mil , . org , . gov , etc . after that list was run against the remaining list , it reduced it down to near 10 million addresses ! so , you see , our list will save people hundreds of dollars buying all others that are out there on cd and otherwise . using ours will be like using the 100 + million that we started with , but a lot less money and alot less time ! ! we also purchased cyber - promos ( $ 995 . 00 ) cd . we received it just prior to finishing production work on the new cd . we had our people take a random sample of 300 , 000 addresses from the touted 2 . 9 that they advertised . we used a program that allows us to take a random sample of addresses from any list . we were able to have the program take every 9th address , thus giving us a 300 , 000 list of cyber 's email addresses from top to bottom . we cleaned these , and came up with about 100 , 000 addresses . these are also mixed in . we also included a 6 + million """""""" remove / flamer """""""" file broke into seperate files for ease of extracting and adding to your own database of removes . """""""" you can buy from the rest or you can buy from the best . your choice . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ what others are saying : """""""" i received the cd on friday evening . like a kid with a new toy , i immediately started bulking out using the new email addresses . over the course of the weekend , i emailed out over 500 , 000 emails and i received less than twenty undeliverables ! ! i am totally satisfied with my purchase ! ! thanks premier ! ! """""""" dave buckley houston , tx """""""" this list is worth it 's weight in gold ! ! i sent out 100 , 000 emails for my product and received over 55 orders ! ann colby new orleans , la * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * here ' s the bottom line here is what you get when you order today ! > > 10 million email addresses . . . 1 per line in simple text format on a cd . files are in lots of 5 , 000 ( no codes needed to open files ) . all files are separated by domain name for your convenience . plus you receive a tremendous remove list ! 6 million + > > > now only $ 150 . 00 ! this price is effective for the next seven days , thereafter the price will be $ 199 . 00 so order now ! all lists are completely free of any duplicates . we also on a continual basis , add new names and remove undeliverables and remove requests . the result is the cleanest email addresses available anywhere to use over and over again , for a fraction of the cost that other companies charge . typical rates for acquiring email lists are from 1 cent to as high as 3 cents per email address - that 's """""""" information highway """""""" robbery ! . * * * added bonus * * * all our customers will have access to our updates on the cd volume they purchase . that 's right , we continually work on our cd . who knows when those other cds were made . we ' re constantly adding and deleting addresses , removes . etc . it all comes back to quality . no one else offers that ! do n't even hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most effective way to market anywhere . . . period ! if you have any further questions or to place an order by phone , please do not hesitate to call us at : 800-600 - 0343 ext . 2693 to order our email package , simply print out the ez order form below and fax or mail it to our office today . we accept visa , mastercard , amex , checks by fax . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ez order form _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to order millions vol . 1a email addresses for only $ 150 . 00 . * please select one of the following for shipping . . _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package overnight . i ' m including $ 15 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package 2 day delivery . i ' m including $ 10 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ type of credit card : _ _ _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ _ _ mastercard credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amount $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( required ) signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you may fax your order to us at : 1-212 - 504-8192 check by fax services ! if you would like to fax a check , paste your check below and fax it to our office along with all forms to : 1-212 - 504-8192 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 24 hour fax services * * * please paste your check here and fax it to us at 1-212 - 504-8192 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from your original check . all checks will be held for bank clearance . ( 7-10 days ) make payable to : """""""" gd publishing """"""""
  """",1
  159,""""Subject: free trial membership
   
   the latest in adult technology ! ! ! brand new xxx adult site free trial membership please visit the latest in live video conferencing . 1000 channels of hardcore ! ! live rooms ! ! ! young dancers ! ! ! large picture gallery ! thousands of pictures ! ! come and visit our site for a great experience . http : / / 209 . 125 . 67 . 144 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",1
  160,""""Subject: earn $ 100 every time our phone rings . . .
   
   all you do is advertise this 800 number ! that ' s all ! ! $ 100 goes to you for every sale that the company closes ! does the idea of making at least $ 1 , 000 per week beginning your 2nd week of doing business excite you ? how about never having to sell a thing to your customer and never having to talk to anyone to make money ? i do n't know how this could get any easier . every aspect of selling or talking to someone is done completely by the company ! the number one home based business for the 2nd year in a row , fortune 5000 is a member of the better business bureau and the u . s . chamber of commerce . what this business will do for you : * handles all your calls , closes your sales , and sends you weekly commission checks ! * it pays you a $ 100 commission ( that 's over 50 % of the total sale ) for every sale . checks put $ $ $ in your pocket in less than your first week or two . . . quick commission earnings build and maintain motivation . all you do is advertise the toll-free number and your id number . * you can get started today . just advertise the business toll-free number with your id # and let this business close your sales every day . . . they do all the work and you get paid for it ! * you may advertise any way you choose : bulk e - mail , flyers , classifieds , postcards , etc . suppose you use bulk e - mail , as i am : 100 , 000 e - mails with a 1 / 10th of a percent ( 0 . 1 % ) sales rate at $ 100 per sale nets $ 10 , 000 . . . not too bad . there is nothing else out there that will provide you with an immediate income beginning this week with minimal effort . before you call , i want you to think about the quality of the live operators handling your call . i am convinced you will not find a better team of closers for your own personal sales . you will clearly understand what i am talking about once you call . please don ' t let this pass you by . make the call ! ! 1-800 - 811-2141 you will be asked for id # 50030 when you call . ( live operators are available from 8 am-10 pm cst monday through saturday and will be able to answer any questions you may have . ) call one of the 24hr testimonial lines at 888-703 - 5389 , 888-446 - 6949 , 888-446 - 6951 or 888-731 - 3457 ( all toll free ) .
  """",1
  161,""""Subject: service update
   
   due to the significant and rapid policy changes recently implemented by many major search engines , we have updated our publication so you may evaluate your site 's exposure to the new risks and opportunities . http : / / www . sitestrategies98 . com to unsubscribe , please click on the link below and enter your e-mail address . http : / / www . sitestrategies98 . com / unsubscribe . html
  """",1
  162,""""Subject: affordable family dental care
   
   with over 30 , 000 dentists nationwide we ' ll have one near you . for about $ 10 . 00 a month your family will save an average of 30-80 % on all dental procedures . includes : * routine cleaning and polishing , fillings , root canals , crowns , dentures , braces . * new sealants to prevent cavities . * cosmetic dentistry such as teeth whitening and veneers . * no paperwork , all pre-existing dental problems qualify with no waiting periods * toll - free doctor locator number . for further details please call 1-800 - 463-6021 please refer to id code - - - jj0625 p . s . call in for details before july 1st and with your dental plan receive the optical plan free ! thank y
  """",1
  163,""""Subject: creating wealth in america
   
   creating wealth in america > from the desk of robert allen , the author of 2 mega best - sellers , nothing down and creating wealth in america san diego , california 11 : 29 p . m . """""""" i can't sleep until i get this off my chest . """""""" """""""" i ' m extremely frustrated """""""" . odds are that nine out of ten people who receive this letter will discard it without a second thought . yet , i know that i have discovered a secret that could change your financial life forever ! and i ' m willing to share it with you for free . do you want to end your money pressures forever ? do you want to double your income ? do you want to build an extra stream of income quickly ? if you answered yes , then let me show you how you can begin living your dreams , this year before it 's too late . i ' ll get right to the point . as it says on the letterhead , my name is robert allen . i ' m famous for my two # 1 new york times best-selling books . nothing down and creating wealth in america . there are lots of millionaires who credit their success to one of my books or seminars . so when i share this secret with you , i want you to know that i ' ve done my homework . here it comes . i have discovered what i believe is the perfect home-based business . although i ' m well known for real-estate investment books and seminars , this new business has absolutely nothing to do with real-estate . in fact , it 's much easier and far less risky . it involves : - no employees - little risk - little start up cash - it 's so simple , anyone can do it you could be earning $ 1 , 000 a week in as little as 90 days . one person i know went from zero to $ 3 , 000 a week in 60 days . that 's $ 150 , 000 a year extra , hassle-free income ! in my 20 years of research , i can honestly say , """""""" i ' ve never seen a faster , easier way to create a stream of income """""""" . i know this sounds too good to be true . frankly , i did n't believe it myself at first . finally , i agreed to check it out . as a test , i selected a small group of people and introduced them to this incredible opportunity . almost immediately , many of them started earning profits . within a week , many were earning incomes of $ 4 , 000 per month in net cash flow . now , some of them are cashing checks for $ 3 , 000 a week . and this is just the beginning ! their earning potential could be unlimited ! would you like to learn how to do that ? i 'd love to show you how . but only if you ' re interested enough to make one telephone call . the number to call immediately is 1-888 - 571-6637 . it 's a 3 - minute , 24 - hour recorded message . this may be the answer you have been seeking . warmly , robert g . allen p . s . i want to show you how to create extra streams of income quickly , go to the phone and call now 1-888 - 571-6637 .
  """",1
  164,""""Subject: 
   
   this will end all of the confusion ! when it comes to free adult sites - go to : http : / / 209 . 84 . 246 . 106 / amateur this is the best that you ' ll see ! check out the 1 week free preview ! ! ! http : / / 209 . 84 . 246 . 106 / amateur / ( to be removed from our notification list go to : http : / / 194 . 190 . 221 . 199 / remove . html )
  """",1
  165,""""Subject: invitation
   
   i would like to invite you to visit . visit ( vacancies in systems and information technology ) is an exhibition where the best companies meet the best people face to face , with a view to encouraging you to join them . since visit opened in 1994 , over 1 , 000 people have moved to new jobs at the event . companies attending include : logica , cmg , admiral , sema group , ibm , unisys , cap gemini , experian , bacs , p&o nedlloyd , synamic , syntegra , chp , mdis , parity , american express , legal and general , prudential , kenan and icl . why should you attend quite simply this is your chance to take control of your career . you get to speak face to face with the people you could be working with , and you choose who you will speak to and when . you can find out for yourself whether these companies have something to offer you . jobs on offer the huge number of vacancies at visit means there will almost certainly be a job you will be interested in no matter what your skills and experience . virtually every job at every level in systems , it and networking is on offer . these are located throughout the uk and across europe and the world . there are over 1 , 000 jobs on offer in total . how to get there by rail , take the underground from main london terminus to piccadilly circus . the caf royal is 50 yards away in regent street . by car follows signs to london , then west end , then piccadilly circus . there is ncp parking in denman street . what to bring if possible , bring copies of your cv , be dressed as if attending an interview , and be ready to explain what your main skills and strengths are , and also to discuss what is important to you in changing jobs . the exhibition is open between 12 and 8pm on tuesday 7th and wednesday 8th july . you do not need to attend on both days . if you have any further queries , please visit our web site at : http : / / www . visit . haynet . com
  """",1
  166,""""Subject: confidential report
   
   revealing the secrets which have been made others so fabulously wealthy . offshore special report # 5599 * unfair & discriminatory divorce settlements are obsolete in this = report ! * ruthless creditors will cringe if they know you have read this report ! * lawyers may go broke by you reading this report ! * heartless tax agencies see red when they read this report ! * sneaky politicians use the information in this report everyday ! * your greedy banker does not want you to read this report ! * this report is black balled by most government agencies ! * back stabbing relatives hate this report ! chance for the little guy to get rich ! = 20 ( and the rich to get even richer ! ) it 's true ! there 's very little time left for the little guy to get rich = in the u . s . and many other countries . strict rules and regulations that = have been adopted by the u . s . government making it hard to start and run = a business - own a home - raise a f the rich are going offshore ! the rich get richer by applying the most powerful wealth-building = secrets known today . many of these millionaires are building their = empires offshore ( outside their home countries ) while doing business = inside their countries - using legal tax shelters = 20 the key is borrowing money then making it work by leveraging it ! the ability to acquire money by borrowing then leveraging what you have = borrowed is the key to wealth building and we are going to teach you how = you can do the same even if you have little or no money to start . = 20 the wealth secret ! america 's super wealthy have all used the same wealth building strategy = to get where they are today as they have for decades . use someone else 's = money to become rich - it 's very simple - you know it - i know it . but = the problem is how do we convince so the offshore special report # 5599 ! in this report you will have everything you need to get started - = started on your way to joining the elite - the 2 % to 5 % of u . s . citizens = - the rich . . . here 's the highlight of what report # 5599 offers . . . how the rich & politicians get even richer using trusts and how you = can do the same ! incorporate offshore - - completely private & away from your = government 's regulation ! your own secret offshore mailing address - - no one will know your = real address ! offshore private checking accounts - - deposit money & pay your bills = from offshore - no paper trails ! offshore tax havens - - legally delay or eliminate taxes - no one knows = - not even your government ! offshore ibc 's and trusts - - asset protection from creditors & your = government ! high yield offshore investments opportunities - - find out how the = rich make from 1 % to 4 % a week on their money - offshore & tax free - = you can do the same ! money making opportunities - - secrecy is a thriving industry ! this report also tells you additional information about how the rich = borrow money using roll over programs and tax free self - liquidating loan = concept and never repay one penny ! these self - liquidating loans are = done offshore . this is just one more tech who needs this report ? people who have a j . o . b . and have """""""" more month than money """""""" - ( job = 3d = just over broke ! ) people who are self-employed - paying that self employment tax and = are prime candidates for law suits from every direction ! people who are sick and tired of frivolous law suits - did you know = that in the u . s . there are 2 . 67 lawyers for every 1 , 000 people ? these = lawyers are hungry and need to sue someone for any reason to survive ! professional people such as doctors , technicians , architects , stock = brokers , accountants , and yes even lawyers ! - you know those people in = the higher than average tax brackets ! people who are getting married or are married and plan on living = happily ever after - now back to reality - the u . s . has a divorce rate = that exceeds 60 % every year ! partners who want to make sure their partnership is a true 50-50 deal = now and in future . people who live in a country that has strict rules and regulations = limiting where and how they can run their business and manage their = money . people who want to retire but can not afford to because of lack of = income or the rules put upon them from their government - restricting = them from receiving a decent income . people who are high audit risks or have been audited by their = government ' dictatorial tax agency - you know guilty until proven = innocent ! people who are paying their government 40 % to 60 % in taxes and are = sick and tired of doing so ! people who are close to bankruptcy and need to find solution as soon = as possible - 20 % to 40 % of the people in the united states are a = paycheck away from bankruptcy - yes those people ! people who want to make sure their children receive 100 % of their = inheritance without the government stealing it away ! people who want to keep their business and personal affairs private - = hard to do this day and age with all the computers ! people who have the dream of financial independence and want to make = thousands a week running their own home based business ! people who want to get a fresh start in life . anyone that has a desire to get ahead and the fortitude to make it = big and join the 2 % to 5 % - the rich ! the rich need this report also ! but what is really surprising is the people with money need this report ! = even the chosen few that have a few dollars and are frustrated with the = return on their investments . they need this report to find out how they = can make 1 % to 4 % on their money ev but wait - - soon you will be among the chosen few ! all it takes to receive the offshore special report number 5599 is = $ 50 . 00 u . s . - - that 's it ! you probably spent that on a movie or a night = on the town . $ 50 us to find out how you can beat the system , how you can = join the rich - start making what only a free bonus # 1 make 1000 % selling this report ! when you order the offshore special report number 5599 you will receive = a certificate of registration allowing you full reprint rights to = duplicate the report and sell it to whoever and wherever you wish ! you = keep all of the money . pay us nothing ! the = 20 free bonus # 2 self - liquidating loan report yes . . . it 's possible to borrow thousands and never repay one penny ! this = remarkable system is explained in the manual and there are no credit = checks , cosigners or employment verifications . after reviewing this = report you could put your own self - liquida a """""""" self - liquidating """""""" loan is a financial arrangement in which the = elements of """""""" arbitrage """""""" , """""""" compensating balance """""""" and """""""" advanced - point = funding """""""" are utilized . to explain each of these three topics would take = pages , but to sum it up it means money that = 20 those who order the report by december 1 , 1997 are eligible to receive = free bonus # 3 and # 4 below . free bonus # 3 """""""" how to make sure you make money from a web site """""""" things often overlook by most new comers . avoid those mistake if you = want to make money from your web site . free bonus # 4 """""""" the guerilla guide to bulk email """""""" . everything you need to know about = bulk email . a must for internet marketer . plus 100 , 000 flameproof email = addresses free to download . these are fresh names that you can use to = market your products . once again all of this is yours for only $ 50 plus $ 5 s&h . . . so order now ! complete the following form and mail it with your payment today and take = advantage of the free bonuses ! * * * we only receive international money orders for payment . we teach and = preach privacy ! please do not send personal or business checks or u . s . postal money = order . beware of those who do n't practice what they preach . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cut here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ yes , i order in the allotted time . i understand i will receive all = the free bonuses * ) _ _ _ _ _ i order after december 1 , 1997 . i understand i have full reprint = rights and can sell the report # 5599 keeping all the money , plus free = self - liquidating loan report . * ) we will check the post mark out . * * * make money orders payable to kimberly niles mail to : = 20 tromol pos 105 yogyakarta 55002 indonesia first and last name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ zip / postal code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cut here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",1
  167,""""Subject: free live video sex ! ! !
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * attention video sex lovers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * never pay for video sex ever again . brand new totally free live video = sex website . come check out over 600 live video sex channels ! http : / / 207 . 105 . 143 . 54 / teenporn / a002 not forgetting hundreds of xxx mpeg videos , pictures , hot stories , = 20 special star features adult games and even an online casino ! = 20 http : / / 207 . 105 . 143 . 54 / teenporn / a002
  """",1
  168,""""Subject: 
   
   by sendmail ( 8 . 8 . 9 / 8 . 8 . 9 ) with smtp id qaa27101 for ionandr @ aifh . ed . ac . uk from : irms @ accubilling . com to : ionandr @ aifh . ed . ac . uk subject : free advertising for your business ! bcc : = 20 hi , just wanted to pass along some information about a new piece of software = i now call my """""""" secret weapon """""""" . it 's amazing ! listen to this . . . me and hundreds of others can now reach """""""" millions of potential = customers """""""" - absolutely free ! a lot of us are creating immediate """""""" cash = flow explosions """""""" - literally overnight ! and blowing our competition right out of the water ! you have to check this thing out . to get some details , all you have to = do is send a e - mail to : irms1 @ accubilling . com mailto : irms1 @ accubilling . com = 20 """""""" our research indicates that the following material may = 20 interest you . if not , please let us know so we can remove = 20 your address from our list . send removes to irms @ accubilling . com . take = care . """""""" = 20
  """",1
  169,""""Subject: investigate anyone right from your browser !
   
   hello , if this reached you in error , please accept our apologies and reply with = remove in the subject and you will be immediately . thanks ! = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d introducing the hottest new way to find out anything about anyone . . . = 20 internet investigator ! this is a totally new report on where and how to uncover information . = find out almost anything about almost anyone , easily , = 20 right on the internet ! = 20 trying to find an old friend ? want to know about when your boss was = arrested in college ? want to know someone 's income ? want = 20 to get the hard facts about someone 's past ? or present ? in a new = relationship and want to make sure you """""""" know """""""" them ? hiring a = 20 new employee ? want to find out something about that suspicious neighbor ? = starting a new business relationship ? trying to find = 20 your natural parents ? want to find an old army buddy ? need to validate a = social security number ? want to find an unlisted = 20 phone number ? or any other kind of information ? the list goes on and = on ! ! there are hundreds , if not thousands , of uses for = 20 this report ! = 20 or even find out about your own past . now , you can uncover out what = information about you is available to others ! this is the = 20 opportunity to find and fix incorrect information ! find any file about = you ! find out all of this and more right on the internet ! this report directs = you to hundreds of internet resources to uncover = 20 information on any number of people or businesses . you can discover anything you ever wanted to know about friends , family , = employees , new business prospects or anyone ! the = 20 internet is a huge tool for getting all kinds of information about = someone or a business . the problem is that most of these = 20 sources are not readily known about . now you can have the ability to use = these sources to uncover the information that you = 20 want ! there are many sources of information on the internet , but finding = them can be tricky and time consuming . search = 20 engines are great for simple queries , but it can take hours upon hours = to refine your search to find the one site that can = 20 offer you access to the kind of personal information you are looking = for . this report makes it easy and fast with all the = 20 hotlinks in place . just click and go ! internet investigator is the best and easiest way to get hard to find = information on the internet ! this new 58 page report = 20 tells you where and how to find almost any kind of information about = someone or a business . order today , and we will send the = 20 report to you via e-mail on the same day we recieve your order . and for = a limited time , it 's half-price ! = 20 here is a partial list of topics covered in the report . . . = 20 = b7 investigations = 20 = b7 vital records = 20 = b7 motor vehicles = 20 = b7 reverse phone numbers = 20 = b7 personnel records = 20 = b7 anonymous banking = 20 = b7 census = 20 = b7 adoption = 20 = b7 tips on searching = 20 = b7 people locators of all kinds = 20 = b7 medical sites = 20 = b7 credit information = 20 = b7 governmental resources = 20 = b7 e - mail and internet information = 20 = b7 military personnel records = 20 = b7 state government listings = 20 = b7 legal and political = 20 = b7 business sources = 20 = b7 jobs and screening = 20 = b7 laws and statutes = 20 = b7 mailing lists = 20 = b7 worldwide demographics = 20 = b7 media = 20 = b7 security and surveillance equipment = 20 = b7 miscellaneous and much , much more ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! all this and more for only $ 24 . 95 ( plus $ 4 . 50 shipping and handling ) ! = that 's half off the regular $ 49 . 95 price ! hurry ! this is a limited time offer ! just print and fill out this order form and mail it , along with your = check made payable to good info for $ 24 . 95 ( plus $ 4 . 50 = 20 shipping and handling ) in us funds , and we will send the report to you = via priority mail on the same day we get your order ! name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ st _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone ( in case there are questions ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ disk format pc _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mac _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mail to : good info services 584 castro st , suite 464 san francisco , ca 94114 e - mail : goodinfoservices @ yahoo . com = 20 hurry ! do n't miss this special price ! there will be a $ 25 . 00 fee for all returned checks .
  """",1
  170,""""Subject: ad : stop pain fast !
   
   stop pain fast : golf - tennis - exercise with no pain ! hello ! = 20 my name is pat . i ' m an avid tennis player and walker . i suffered from shoulder pain for years . nothing seemed to = 20 give me complete pain relief . = 20 finally , i tried pain guard , a pain relief lotion sold by a = 20 company named outback secrets . pain guard relieved = 20 my shoulder pain quickly - in fact , almost immediately ! = 20 i liked pain guard so much , i bought the company 17 months ago . honest ! since buying the company , i ' ve helped hundreds and hundreds of people relieve chronic muscle and = 20 joint pain . for more information just click here or email = us : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to be removed , hit reply and type """""""" remove """""""" in the subject check out our newest service : virtual servers for ' responsible ' direct email marketers click here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ m & a computer services , or any subsidiary thereof , accept no = 20 responsibility whatsoever for the content or legality of any = 20 advertisement that appears in any mailing . it is the advertisers = 20 responsibility to check with local , state , and federal laws = 20 pertaining to the product or service they advertise .
  """",1
  171,""""Subject: discover instant publisher cd-rom : unlimited profit ! ! ! !
   
   hi , * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * discover instant publisher cd-rom . unlimited profit ! ! guaranteed low initial cost . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * highly recommended visit ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! http : / / members . forfree . at / ~ bestbus / sincerely , joe kirky
  """",1
  172,""""Subject: refinancing has never been so easy
   
   to remove your address and receive no future free insider software = sales , specials , or business opportunities from the net-advertiser = simply type """""""" remove """""""" in the subject . cross county funding puts dollars in your pocket for the past several years , cross country has been helping homeowners = like yourself save thousands of dollars a year on mortgage obligations . refinancing has never been so easy ! just reply by email and a member of = our professionally trained and courteous staff will contact you . . . free = of charge ! ! that 's right ! ! we ' ll even pay for the call . think you not eligible ? . . . think again . . . ! cross county 's accu-trak = qualifying programs cut through the red - tape and hassle commonly = associated refinancing . we ' re sure one of our programs is right for = you . ! - get cash now for home improvements . - consolidate your high interest credit card bills into 1 easy monthly = payment - 1st or 2nd mortgage financing is just a phone call away ! we specialize in mortgage refinancing and home equity loan arrangements . = no credit ? bad credit ? we ' ve got programs designed especially to get = cash to you ! the call is free . . . and there 's no obligation ! reply now = to this posting and start saving today ! ! ! disclaimer : cross county funding is not empowered to issue a mortgage commitment . we = are registered mortgage brokers with the ny state banking dept . all = loans are arranged through third part providers . please fill out the form below and e-mail to mortgage @ netsvoice . com to = start saving today ! name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ current interest rate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ approx . home value _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mortgage balance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mortgage type ( eg . fixed , adjustable , or balloon ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ look forward to your reply . email to mortgage @ netsvoice . com sincerely , marnie siegel for information on advertising with the net-advertiser , and details on a = free ad in the net-advertiser email us at information @ netsvoice . com contact us by telephone , monday - saturday ( 9am - 9pm edt ) at = 717-735 - 4808 . to subscribe to net advertiser 's free weekly publication please send an = e - mail message to information @ netsvoice . com
  """",1
  173,""""Subject: this is the information age ! - 77273
   
   dear ionandr , a toll-free call that could mean financial success for you and your = family , once and for = 20 all ! * * * this is not multi-level or network marketing * * * if you answer """""""" yes """""""" to any of the following questions , then this = business may be = 20 perfect for you : 1 ) do you already have a home office in place ? ( personal computer , = fax , answering = 20 machine , etc . ) 2 ) do you have an extra 10 - 15 hours per week to commit toward = building your = 20 own part-time ( or full-time ) business ? 3 ) would you be able to read from a script , clearly , and with = enthusiasm , a 2 - 3 = 20 minute introduction of our products ? ( no """""""" cold-calling """""""" is required . = prospects will = 20 ask you to call them ! ) no selling ; our system does all the selling for = you . 4 ) with our system , on average , every 15 or 16 calls you return will = generate a sale = 20 that pays you a commission in excess of $ 1 , 100 . can you make that many = calls per = 20 week ? ( per day ? ) if you answered """""""" yes """""""" to any or all of the above questions , and you have = integrity , = 20 good work habits , and the desire to improve your financial outlook , then = call this toll - free number : = 20 * * * * * 1-800 - 200-2074 * * * * * imagine having the financial freedom you are seeking - along with = control of your = 20 personal finances and control of your time , so you can enjoy the fruits = of your labor = 20 and spend more time with your family , your hobbies , and all the = activities you enjoy . = 20 we ' re looking for a few quality people with the work ethic and desire to = generate a = 20 cash flow for themselves of $ 2 , 000 - $ 5 , 000 per week , or more , depending = on how = 20 much time you are able to devote to this business . = 20 if you have the self-discipline to ignore the tv for a few hours two or = three evenings = 20 per week , and if you ' re looking for a legitimate home-based business = opportunity , that = 20 is not multi-level marketing , then please call our toll-free number , = 1-800 - 200-2074 . = 20 listen to the brief message , leave your name and phone number , and we = will get back = 20 to you as quickly as possible . = 20 you have nothing to lose but a few minutes of your time to further = investigate how this = 20 opportunity can change your life forever ! p . s . it is easier if you already have a functional home office = situation . this greatly = 20 reduces your start-up costs , and facilitates you being able to begin = immediately . = 20 please , serious inquiries only .
  """",1
  174,""""Subject: make $ 1000 a day within 3 months !
   
   are you are interested in making $ 1000 us a day within the next 3 months ? are you are willing to put forth an honest effort to achieve that goal ? if your answer is yes to both questions then i can help you achieve that goal ! call the following number and listen to the 3 minute message . then at the tone leave your name and number ( with area code ) and i will get back to you with more information on how you can get started to making $ 1000 us a day ! this is a serious business opportunity . serious inquiries only please . in the us call toll free : 1-888 - 310-6226 outside the us call : 619-678 - 4228 ext . 6733 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * just for calling and leaving your name you can receive a $ 1500 marketing package which is available for immediate download . all software is fully functional , and not shareware . it is available for you to use to market your online business . . . 1 . 32 bit mailing and extracting software . . . value $ 400 http : / / www . success-minded . com / extractorinfo . htm 2 . mailing software to convert your pc into a mailserver . . . value $ 500 http : / / www . success-minded . com / rfmsinfo . htm 3 . global mail lists pre-cleaned against a global remove list . ( value $ 250 ) 4 . entry into a password protected site , where fresh addresses updated each week are available for download . these are the result of the efforts of dozens of computers scanning the www for the freshest most targeted addresses available ! ( value about $ 100 / 10 , 000 targeted addresses ) 5 . a detailed help file to guide you , no matter how new you are to internet marketing , into the successful use of these tools . all of the above is fully functional , ready to use . you can be up and running in a single day . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * i am bundling this package together with an exciting , life enriching organization dedicated to empowering you towards a richer , fuller , more satisfying life . . . in terms of personal well being and financial independence . the real difference between us and our competition is that we supply you with all the tools you need to build your business . our marketing philosophy is based , not on taking from others , but on """""""" giving """""""" to others . can you think of any other support team that gives its new members such a package of tools right from the start ? i have n't found one , and believe me i have searched . in addition to being given this package for your personal use . . . you are also given the rights to give it away to build your group . that 's right . think how easy it is to build your own business with such a powerful draw card . and this package is growing all the time . we are continuously seeking to improve it by adding new software , upgrades , additional fresh addresses , etc . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this is a free offer , not uce or spam . if however , if this offer has disturbed you and you wish to be removed from this and future offers of this type , please : mailto : mmfbiz2 @ hotmail . com ? subject = remove
  """",1
  175,""""Subject: pass out 800 # $ $ $
   
   x - info : generate excellent income passing out 800 # s get paid weekly ! ! no meetings ! ! no selling ! ! we do all the work for you ! to see how easy this program really is , call : 1-800 - 811-2141 code # 49744
  """",1
  176,""""Subject: correspondence and friends .
   
   hello from salvador / bahia / brasil , * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to receive more information on our services come and request our ' info ' . we will e-mail it to you directly . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - correspondence * dating * romance * travel korrespondenz * partnervermittlung * reisen korespondencja * matrymonialne * podroze correspondencia * sitas * matrimonios * viajes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ we invite you * zapraszamy cie los invitamos * wir laden sie ein from , brazilian office http : / / www . always-friends . com
  """",1
  177,""""Subject: 
   
   hi . . . ever thought about starting your own home-based business or making money on the internet using your personal computer ? if so , i would like to help you . i have a disk that contains 177 business reports that will tell you how to set up many profitable and low cost home-based businesses step by step . i have used these reports to make more money than i ever imagined . besides many home-based businesses ( not envelope stuffing ) these reports include : raise money fast and ethically , how to spot scams , marketing and advertising techniques and many mail order businesses that require just a few hours a week . to order this disk please send $ 15 . 00 ( us ) by cash , check , or money order to lda sales at po box 727 paw creek , nc 28130 . cash or money orders will be processed in 48 hours after receiving them . checks will take a few days longer . price includes shipping and handling . please include your e-mail address when you order and i will notify you when the disk is shipped . your pc will need to be connected to a printer so you will be able to view and print the desired reports . bonus : i will also include the copyright license so you can sell the reports individually or the whole disk . if you are not interested in this business opportunity please forgive this intrusion . there is no need to request to be """""""" removed """""""" from our mailing list because this is a one time mailing . thank you very much for your time .
  """",1
  178,""""Subject: re : never forget
   
   you ' ll never forget again ! ! do you forget ! ? - friends ' birthdays ? - anniversaries ? - special occasions ? - any important dates that you want to be reminded of ? - or even reminders to do things like call your friend in alaska once a year ? if so we have a solution for you ! ! ! for the rest of your life we will remind you ! ! we ' ll send you a postcard one week prior to every date you want to be reminded of for the rest of your life ! you will receive unlimited reminders that you can update at any time for the rest of your life . think about it . . . you will never miss your relatives birthdays , your anniversary , special dates for business contacts , and the list never stops . you will never forget again . we can even send gift paks automatically to anyone you want . your friends will be amazed that you actually remembered their birthday . you can receive this entire package for only $ 39 . 00 canadian funds ( $ 30 . 00 u . s . funds ) but wait . . . if your order is received in the next ten days you can receive an additional package to give to a friend , relative , or business contact for only $ 15 . 00 canadian funds ( $ 10 . 00 u . s . funds ) more . do n't delay ! ! in order for us to receive your order in the next ten days you must send your order today . your relatives , friends , business contacts will all thank you for it in the future . print the following section now please make cheque or money order payable to vme and send with following order form to : vme lifetime reminder service 1674 village view place mississauga , ontario l5m-3t9 canada - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lifetime reminder service name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # of packages : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amount enclosed : $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",1
  179,""""Subject: do you need more money ?
   
   hi , would you like to earn an extra $ 700 a week . . . $ 2 , 800 a month just by mailing our business circulars from your home ? you can make this kind of money without even giving up your present job . we have created the most risk-free way to do this , and all you have to do is mail out our business circulars and get paid for your work . this exciting new home employment opportunity is so effective - yet quick and easy that your success is absolutely guaranteed ! we publish , sell and distribute information booklets , guides , reports , manuals and computer software all across canada and the united states . since we do the majority of our business by mail , we in turn send out thousands of our sales circulars each week . our company circulars are the sales letters / product offers that are sent out in response to customer inquiries . when you mail our circulars , you ' ll be greatly helping us by getting our offers out to more customers . you ' ll be taking part in the most remarkable opportunity available . our system of mailing circulars is very easy to operate . all you will be doing is taking copies of the standard , letter-sized ( 8 1 / 2 """""""" x11 """""""" ) circulars that we provide you with and fold them to fit into the envelopes you will receive . after you have folded and inserted the circulars into the envelopes , you just have to seal the envelopes and deposit them in your mail . you will not have to spend any time addressing envelopes or pay any postage costs to mail out our circulars , because all envelopes will arrive pre-addressed and with postage already in place . it should only take you a few hours a week . it 's as simple as that ! circular mailing is easy and pleasant work that is very profitable ! we have developed a legitimate and realistic money-making business system that is practical and uncomplicated . simple enough that anyone can take part in it regardless of education , age , physical ability or disability . our program is easy to understand , with step-by - step instructions that are sure to get you started quickly and with confidence . this is a highly fool-proof , tried , tested and proven method that you can run from the comfort and privacy of your own home - without any personal contact with anyone at any time . you can take part in our program any hour of the day . . . any day of the week . we do not require that you have any related experience to take part in our program . all that we want are serious minded people who can read and write simple english , and who are able to put in a few extra hours each week towards earning a great income . although you do n't need any experiance , it is important that you be ambitious and motivated because you will be working on your own - without supervision . it will be your responsibility to get your work done . you do not have to meet a certain quota each week , and we do not impose any restrictions on the amount of work that you choose to do . our circular mailing program allows you the complete flexibility to organize and choose your own work load and work schedule . you can work part-time or full-time , and you are always free to take a break from your work - planning your own time off . furthermore , you may quit the program at any time , since you will be an independent mailer and have no obligation to our company what-so - ever . home employment is wonderful . it can provide you with a great sense of accomplishment , pride and freedom - but you must remember to treat your work seriously and with respect . what you get out of our program is exactly what you put into it . earn as much or as little as you like - it 's all up to you . you can start the same day you receive our supplies and information package , and begin receiving money within 2 weeks time , and every week from then on for as long as you desire to participate in our program . thousands of people all over canada and the united states are making excellent money mailing circulars from their homes . you can join our successful network , of circular mailers and get your share of this money too ! it makes no difference if you live in a small town or a large city . as long as you can get to a mailbox to mail the circulars , you can participate in this great home income opportunity . anyone with a little common sense and a desire to succeed can take part in our program and earn excellent income for themselves in a very short period of time . one of the nicest things about our circular mailing program is hoe quickly it works . you can start the same day you receive our supplies and information package , and begin receiving money within 2 weeks time , and then for as long as you decide to participate in our program . imagine never having to leave your home while making more money in a few hours than a lot of people earn after a full week 's work ! in fact , you can be making great money in as little as 10 hours a week ! and remember , you do n't need any special education of experience . this program can work for anyone - regardless of background , age or location . just mail the circulars and spend the rest of the day enjoying yourself . imagine being able to work in the comfort of your own home , at your own pace and in your leisure with a simple system to earn $ 700 . 00 a week working only a few hours a week . . . it 's a great place to start . you really do n't have to work hard to get ahead in life - you just have to work smart . by following our easy steps , you will connect with making $ 700 a week - every week . we ' ll even show you how you can increase an income of $ 700 . 00 a week into as much as $ 1 , 000 . 00 a week or more with ease . it 's very simple and it 's very realistic . with the basic details we ' ve outlined , you ' ll easily see the incredible income potential right away . this program is so well thought out and developed that you cannot fail to make great money ! you ' ll be able to set up your operation so that you can have all the free time in the world to do with as you please , without anyone looking over your shoulder . if you choose , you ' ll only have to work at your affairs for about an hour or two a day , and these will turn out to be extremely easy , fun hours , with no boss snooping around and no one to answer to . believe this , after you spend the small amount of up-front time getting organized , setting up your own system , you ' ll soon realize that nothing could be easier , or offer you more privacy and personal freedom ! unlike others who you might see promoting the same old useless stuff - year in and year out , we have developed a unique approach which has never been released to the public by anyone else . cybermarketing is the only source for this valuable program . so please do n't confuse it with any of the other get-rich - quick schemes or ads you might see . if you ' re searching for an honest to goodness , legitimate , legal and spare time work at home opportunity , then your search has finally ended . this is a 100 % proven money - making program ! proven to make good money for everyone who uses it ! if you ' re like most folks , you ' re going to absolutely love our circular mailing program because it 's the most legitimate , """""""" on-the - level """""""" , easy to start , profitable work-from - home opportunity ever created ! we say this honestly because it really works ! you won't find any gimmicks , surprises or silly schemes . only valuable information that you ' ll need so you can quickly learn exactly what to do and how to do it ; and our proven , professionally written circulars . our circular mailing program can bring you all the money you need . when you receive our start up package in the mail , you will get all the supplies you need to get started right away including your personal information kit ( your complete instructional handbook ) and our business circulars . you will receive everything as promised . and do n't forget you will not have to pay postage costs to mail our circulars because envelopes will arrive completely addressed and with postage already in place . just mail out the circulars and receive pay cheques that are yours to spend any way you wish ! you can take part in our program for as long as you want . . . earn $ 700 a week for the rest of your life . we can only accommodate a limited number of people in our unique program . so if you are interested , please do not delay . send in your acceptance form as soon as you can . you have our guarantee that this program can change your life practically overnight . we know of no other home employment opportunity with the potential to make the great amounts of money that this program does . this is a complete home-based opportunity that really works . our only requirement is a one time only , fully refundable payment of only $ 27 . 00 . this payment covers the cost of your supplies and the processing of your membership . this is a one-time payment , you will not have to pay us any other costs to get additional materials . and because we ' re so sure that we have the right home employment opportunity for you , we are backing up our promises with our exclusive guarantee . . . $ 33 , 600 . 00 guarantee you can easily earn $ 33 , 600 . 00 in the next year with our program . in fact , we are so confident that you can make over $ 700 a week mailing out our circulars that we are going to offer you the most air-tight guarantee in existence . as soon as you receive our start up package in the mail , send out our circulars right away . if you do n't start earning a minimum of $ 700 a week within 30 days , simply return our materials for a complete refund . you either make $ 700 a week or your money back ! join our network of circular mailers today . we truly want to help you get started as quickly and as easily as possible . this program is designed for people who are serious about earning a substantial income . we are convinced that you will be absolutely thrilled when you see just how much money you can make with our program . we ' ve got your start-up kit all packaged up and ready to go . just give us the word and we ' ll have it out the door and on its way to you . if you follow our instructions , you will be well on your way to earning $ 700 per week by mailing circulars from home . just print and fill out the exclusive membership form at the bottom of this page and mail it in with your remittance and your order will be rushed to you right away by first class mail . we hope that you allow us the honor of being the ones who helped you to achieve long-term financial success and personal freedom . most sincerely , the staff at cybermarketing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - home mailers program order-form - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - please rush me my package of the home mailers program and the home business directory right away ! ! ! send $ 27 . 00 in u . s funds . ( includes postage & handling ) name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mail to : cybermarketing p . o . box # 563 address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ lindsay , ontario , canada , k9v 4s5 city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ zip / postal code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( orders payable by cheque please allow 4 - 6 weeks for delivery . ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",1
  180,""""Subject: do you enjoy having sex ?
   
   see the only sexxx = site approved by bill clinton ! click here ! ! ! click here to be = removed from the mailing list .
  """",1
  181,""""Subject: your sites
   
   after reading your internet page , i wondered if you would be interested = in the memorable alpha-numeric 0707 4 glasgow or 08700 scotland = telephone number , which will be easily remembered by your customers , in = a marketing campaign . if you are interested please call on 07000 750750 , = if not , i am very sorry for contacting you . = 20
  """",1
  182,""""Subject: this is new at 95 . 8 capital fm
   
   do n't want to receive these e-mails ? = 20 click the following link to remove your address from our mailing list : = 20 http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - fantasy record label - take your favourite bands to the top . - london fashion week - chat to the stars of the fashion world ! - sportstime - live action and big games . - shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - - fantasy record label - take your favourite bands to the top . think you ' ve got what it takes to be a success in the music biz ? from sunday 27th you can try your hand with the return of the stunning = fantasy record label game win new amazing prizes at : http : / / capitalfm . com - london fashion week - the stars and the fashions . britain 's premiere event in the fashion calendar begins on friday 25th , = and it ' ll all be happening right on your screen . you ' ll be able to chat to models catherine hawley and lorato and designers from giant and workers = for freedom , on monday the 28th of september at 7 . 30pm . so if you want to = ask the advice of a host of top industry stars go straight to : http : / / capitalfm . com - sportstime - live action and big games . on saturday it 's sheffield wednesday v arsenal as the champions look to move up a gear following a sluggish start to the season . . . there 's the september player of the month vote . . . plus previews , reports and goal action from all the big soccer fixtures at : http : / / capitalfm . com - shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . our new music shop = is going down a storm , and if you have n't checked out how easy it is to buy the latest and greatest music , do n't hesitate ! everything is done from = your desktop and the next thing you know your favourite music is in your mailbox . and we ' re always here to help should you have any questions . = for a new music buying experience come to : http : / / capitalfm . com + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - advertisement _ \ / _ = 20 / / o \ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = 20 cd | paradise . com looking for nirvana ? come to cd paradise ! = 20 _ _ | _ cd 's at up to * * 30 % discount * * = 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = 20 | kenickie get in # 9 . 79 | > new release | all saints all saints # 11 . 99 | the manic street = 20 | aqua aquarium # 12 . 74 | preachers = 20 | boyzone where we belong # 12 . 74 | latest album _ \ / _ = 20 | mike oldfield tubular bells 3 # 12 . 74 | order / / o \ = 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - today | = 20 cd paradise _ | _ _ = 20 * * * * http : / / www . cdparadise . com / hme / hmepge . asp ? shop = 3d2673 * * * * + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - = 20
  """",1
  183,""""Subject: just released ! 10 million ! ! !
   
   it was just released ! ! introducing . . . millions vol . 1a we took a total of over 92 million email addresses from many of the touted cd 's that are out there ( bought them all - some were $ 300 + ) ! we added the millions we had in storage to those . when we combined them all , we had in excess of 100 + million addresses in one huge file . we then ran a super """""""" sort / de-dupe """""""" program against this huge list . it cut the file down to less than 25 million ! ! ! can you believe that ? it seems that most people that are selling cd 's are duping the public by putting numerous files of addresses in the cd over and over . this created many duplicate addresses . they also had many program """""""" generated """""""" email addresses like compuserve , mci , anon 's , etc . this causes a tremendous amount of undeliverables , and for those that use stealth programs , clogs up servers quickly with trash , etc . we then ran a program that contained 1800 + keywords to remove addresses with vulgarity , profanity , sex-related names , postmaster , webmaster , flamer , abuse , spam , etc . , etc . also eliminated all . edu , . mil , . org , . gov , etc . after that list was run against the remaining list , it reduced it down to near 10 million addresses ! so , you see , our list will save people hundreds of dollars buying all others that are out there on cd and otherwise . using ours will be like using the 100 + million that we started with , but a lot less money and alot less time ! ! we also purchased cyber - promos ( $ 995 . 00 ) cd . we received it just prior to finishing production work on the new cd . we had our people take a random sample of 300 , 000 addresses from the touted 2 . 9 that they advertised . we used a program that allows us to take a random sample of addresses from any list . we were able to have the program take every 9th address , thus giving us a 300 , 000 list of cyber 's email addresses from top to bottom . we cleaned these , and came up with about 100 , 000 addresses . these are also mixed in . we also included a 6 + million """""""" remove / flamer """""""" file broke into seperate files for ease of extracting and adding to your own database of removes . """""""" you can buy from the rest or you can buy from the best . your choice . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ what others are saying : """""""" i received the cd on friday evening . like a kid with a new toy , i immediately started bulking out using the new email addresses . over the course of the weekend , i emailed out over 500 , 000 emails and i received less than twenty undeliverables ! ! i am totally satisfied with my purchase ! ! thanks premier ! ! """""""" dave buckley houston , tx """""""" this list is worth it 's weight in gold ! ! i sent out 100 , 000 emails for my product and received over 55 orders ! ann colby new orleans , la * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * here ' s the bottom line here is what you get when you order today ! > > 10 million email addresses . . . 1 per line in simple text format on a cd . files are in lots of 5 , 000 ( no codes needed to open files ) . all files are separated by domain name for your convenience . plus you receive a tremendous remove list ! 6 million + > > > now only $ 150 . 00 ! this price is effective for the next seven days , thereafter the price will be $ 199 . 00 so order now ! all lists are completely free of any duplicates . we also on a continual basis , add new names and remove undeliverables and remove requests . the result is the cleanest email addresses available anywhere to use over and over again , for a fraction of the cost that other companies charge . typical rates for acquiring email lists are from 1 cent to as high as 3 cents per email address - that 's """""""" information highway """""""" robbery ! . * * * added bonus * * * all our customers will have access to our updates on the cd volume they purchase . that 's right , we continually work on our cd . who knows when those other cds were made . we ' re constantly adding and deleting addresses , removes . etc . it all comes back to quality . no one else offers that ! do n't even hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most effective way to market anywhere . . . period ! if you have any further questions or to place an order by phone , please do not hesitate to call us at : 800-600 - 0343 ext . 2693 to order our email package , simply print out the ez order form below and fax or mail it to our office today . we accept visa , mastercard , amex , checks by fax . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ez order form _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to order millions vol . 1a email addresses for only $ 150 . 00 . * please select one of the following for shipping . . _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package overnight . i ' m including $ 15 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package 2 day delivery . i ' m including $ 10 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ type of credit card : _ _ _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ _ _ mastercard credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amount $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( required ) signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you may fax your order to us at : 1-212 - 504-8192 check by fax services ! if you would like to fax a check , paste your check below and fax it to our office along with all forms to : 1-212 - 504-8192 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 24 hour fax services * * * please paste your check here and fax it to us at 1-212 - 504-8192 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from your original check . all checks will be held for bank clearance . ( 7-10 days ) make payable to : """""""" gd publishing """"""""
  """",1
  184,""""Subject: dirt cheap hard drives and more ! ! ! ! !
   
   / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / this message complies with the new bulk email laws . sender : hal smalltalker , inc . 268 bush street # 3302 san francisco , ca 94104 u . s . a . fax : 925-432 - 9904 24 hrs if you wish to be removed from this advertiser 's future mailings , please enter your e-mail address at http : / / 207 . 55 . 200 . 4 / remove and this software will automatically block you from their future mailings . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / visit http : / / 207 . 55 . 200 . 4 for some great web hosting deals ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! you can now buy ide hard drives for less - 10 % , 20 % , 30 % , 40 % , 50 % or more less than you thought possible ! ! ! some of these drives are new still in the manufacturer 's static-free bags . most drives are used but all drives are being sold at rediculously low prices . . . it is absolutely amazing ! ! ! you can have the ide hard drive you ' ve always wanted right now today . . . . . . . . . we have 16 ide hard drives in stock ready to ship ! + maxtor 2 . 5 gb = = > 1 ea . asking $ 100 . 00 or best offer ! + western digital 2 . 5 gb = = > 3 ea . asking $ 100 . 00 or best offer ! + maxtor 5 gb = = > 4 ea . asking $ 150 . 00 or best offer ! + maxtor 6 gb = = > 1 ea . asking $ 150 . 00 or best offer ! + western digital 6 gb = = > 1 ea . asking $ 150 . 00 or best offer ! + maxtor 7 gb = = > 2 ea . asking $ 175 . 00 or best offer ! + maxtor 8 gb = = > 4 ea . asking $ 175 . 00 or best offer ! think our asking prices are too high ? no problem ! just make us an offer and fax your order in along with a photocopy of your cashier check or money order and we ' ll set that drive aside for you and you alone - first come first served ! no """""""" reasonable """""""" offers will be refused . order today ! ! ! ! ! free shipping ( no p . o . boxes please ) via ups ! print order form ship to : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do n't delay , these hard drives won ' t last long ! ! ! ! ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * mail payment cashiers check or money order no personal checks to : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( us funds only ! ) hal smalltalker , inc . 268 bush street # 3302 san francisco , ca 94104 u . s . a . fax : 1-925 - 432-9904 ( 24x7 ) - fax your order and mail your payment ! thank you for your kind attention , and have a nice day ! ! ! ! + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + visit http : / / 207 . 55 . 200 . 4 for some great web hosting deals ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! anon - a-spam ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * you can now spam using almost """""""" any """""""" isp in the world and do it all you want 24 hrs a day with absolute anonymity - nobody will ever know which isp you use unless you tell them which means the internet account you use for anon - a-spam will never get cancelled because of your spamming activities . sounds too good to be true ? ! ? yeah , you ' ve heard all this before but it never worked ? ! ? well we ' ve got an edge all those other hucksters did n't have . . . anon - a-spam was designed by a highly trained team of professional network engineers and computer programmers and it has been rigorously tested under every condition possible and it has proven to be 100 % effective in hiding the identity of the isp used to send the e-mails . need more proof ? just take a good look at the headers at the top of this e-mail ! you might have to turn-on the right option for your e-mail client so you can see the headers . . . think you know where this e-mail came from ? think again ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! after your fax and payment arrives we ' ll send you complete details on how you can get your hands on anon - a-spam so you too can begin mailing spam 100 % anonymously ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! order today ! ! ! ! ! free shipping ( no p . o . boxes please ) via ups ! print order form ship to : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do n't delay , these hard drives won ' t last long ! ! ! ! ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * mail payment $ 199 . 00 cashiers check or money order no personal checks to : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( us funds only ! ) hal smalltalker , inc . 268 bush street # 3302 san francisco , ca 94104 u . s . a . fax : 1-925 - 432-9904 ( 24x7 ) - fax your order and mail your payment ! thank you for your kind attention , and have a nice day ! ! ! ! + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 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's web directory wallstreet links directory wanzhi ffa links wave 3 tech links wdirect web add web add directory web confetti directory web galaxy directory web makers ffa directory web pro group ffa directory web time tools ffa links web trawler directory web value ffa directory web wombat australian search engine web-concepts ffa webcrawler webhellas net directory webnet links webnophobia directory webrats ffa links webscout nominate form webseekermall . com virtual mall directory webshpere links webventure hotlist webworld ffa web links webzville ffa directory weiser . net links wellman mall web directory what u seek whats new too whatsite . com web directory whatsitetm chinese internet catalog wheelieland ffa directory whow wilmos links wizvax ffa links wm baker internet links wonder web internet links woodhouse-group classifieds ads working on line world mail world shoping directory world wide web of windows worldentre directory worldsearch links wow links xavier media directory yahoo yell uk directory yellow web links yellowweb free yellow pages yemen internet directory yp superhighway yt web directory yug . com business center ffa links zebra south africa zetman 's free for all link page zippergate ffa links zoid directory zscn add ffa links print order form ship to : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do n't delay , it pays to submit your urls once each week ! ! ! ! ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * mail payment $ 29 . 95 for each url per submission cashiers check or money order no personal checks to : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( us funds only ! ) hal smalltalker , inc . 268 bush street # 3302 san francisco , ca 94104 u . s . a . fax : 1-925 - 432-9904 ( 24x7 ) - fax your order and mail your payment ! thank you for your kind attention , and have a nice day ! ! ! ! + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + visit http : / / 207 . 55 . 200 . 4 for some great web hosting deals ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
  """",1
  185,""""Subject: this is new at 95 . 8 capital fm
   
   do n't want to receive these e-mails ? click the following link to remove your address from our mailing list : http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - boyzone chat - chat to the boys direct from the stage at wembley stadium ! - new releases - all the best new music . - fantasy record label - take your favourite bands to the top . - the truman show - win tickets to the preview ! - online music shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . - sportstime - live action and big games . + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - - boyzone - on october 11 we will bring you an exclusive chat with boyzone direct from the stage at wembley stadium ! join us from 5pm and for more information closer to the date come to : http : / / capitalfm . com - new releases - all the best new music . 911 , tina arena , hinda hicks , b * witched , fun lovin ' criminals and many more . to check them out come to : http : / / capitalfm . com - fantasy record label - take your favourite bands to the top . think you ' ve got what it takes to be a success in the music biz ? you can now try your hand with the return of the stunning fantasy record label game win new amazing prizes at : http : / / capitalfm . com - the truman show - win tickets to the preview and be first on your street to have seen the truman show ! jim carrey is truman who 's life is stuck in a soap opera . for your chance to win , go to : http : / / capitalfm . com - shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . our new music shop is going down a storm , and if you have n't checked out how easy it is to buy the latest and greatest music , do n't hesitate ! everything is done from your desktop and the next thing you know your favourite music is in your mailbox . and we ' re always here to help should you have any questions . for a new music buying experience come to : http : / / capitalfm . com - sportstime - live action and big games . vote now for the september player of month - alan shearer 's the favourite , but maybe you think different ? is george graham the right man for spurs - we focus on the biggest transfer of the season so far . england are back on the euro 2000 trail , with games against bulgaria and luxembourg and we ' ll have all the latest from the england camp . listen out for live commentary with the capital gold sport team when arsenal face panathanaikos in the champions ' league ( sept 30 ) and newcastle united at home in the premiership ( oct 4 ) . all this on : http : / / capitalfm . com
  """",1
  186,""""Subject: build your own calbe tv descrambler with only 7 parts !
   
   cable television descrambler - easy to make ! build your own cable television descrambler with only 7 parts from radio shack for under $ 12 . 00 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( last minute update : """""""" i ' ve seen my letter and instructions sent by individuals that besides violating copy-right laws , are neither responding to the customer nor providing the original , complete set of plans and instructions . please be advised you are risking your money and patience by ordering from individuals who know nothing regarding this tech / electrical matter """""""" - - raul mendez ) build your own cable television descrambler with only 7 parts from radio shack for under $ 12 . 00 . required supplies : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 1 - radio shack mini-box ( part # 270-235 ) 1 - watt resistor . 2 . 2k - 2 . 4k ohm ( part # 271-1325 ) 1 - 75pf - 100pf variable capacitor ( special order ) 2 - f61a chassis-type connectors ( part # 278-212 ) 12 """""""" - no . 12 solid copper wire 12 """""""" - rg59 coaxial cable tools required : screwdriver & drill . soldering gun & solder ( optional ) . get all the premium movie channels , pay per view and adult entertainment channels for . . . free , free , free ! ! ! now , if i have your attention . . . let me tell you how this fantastic opportunity came about . my name is raul . i live in new york city , new york . i have season tickets to our city s hockey team . i invited a friend of mine to one of the games this last october . he said , """""""" i d love to go if you can have me back home by 10 : 00 p . m . """""""" i told him that some games run just past 10 : 00 p . m . and would he mind we stay if the game was close . his response was , """""""" no , tonight is the mike tyson - evander holyfield boxing match and i have it on pay per view """""""" i said , """""""" do you mind if i watch the fight with you """""""" ? he said , """""""" sure , no problem """""""" . so we go watch this great fight on cable pay per view and we are the only two guys at my friends house . after the fight ( since it was so good ) i offered to pay half of the cost for the fight . my friends answer was , """""""" no , no , that s not necessary . . . i got the fight for free ! """""""" . i said to him , """""""" for free , don t those fights cost around $ 40 . 00 a pop ? """""""" he told me , """""""" yes , they do , but i bought a cable descrambler box from an acquaintance of mine for $ 300 . 00 """""""" . he further explained that this """""""" little black box """""""" gets all the pay per view events available ! it also tunes in all the premium movie channels and all the adult entertainment channels . my response ( without hesitation ) was , """""""" i gotta have one ! """""""" """""""" $ 300 . 00 , no problem where do i pay ! ! ! """""""" i m serious , i was excited . lifetime premium movie channels , pay per view and adult entertainment all for a one-time fee of $ 300 . 00 . . . no way ! ! ! """""""" no way """""""" was right . the guy that sold my buddy the box was no where to be found . i was really disappointed . it was now time for desperate measures . i begged and pleaded with my friend until he agreed to let me take his box apart piece by piece to see how to make one for myself . luckily it was very easy , if it wasn t simple i knew their was a slight chance it was not going back together so pretty . now the rest is history . . . i ve got my own box which i built with my own two hands . would you like to build one yourself ? ! ? ! if so , would you pay $ 300 . 00 . maybe so , maybe not . probably not , unless you saw one work first . but since that is not possible , i will sell you a complete set of instructions on how to build one yourself for a measly $ 12 . 00 . however , at that price you must also enclose a # 10 self addressed stamped envelope with 55 cents postage affixed . you might ask , is this some type of rip-off scam deal . the answer is no ! everything has specific mechanics of how and why they do what they do . we are just used to flipping a switch or pushing a button or moving the mouse across our computer pads . it all happens because of a certain set of processes . the cable television descrambler is no different . however , for legal purposes i must add to this letter that this offer and set of instructions shall be void where prohibited by law and the assembling of parts necessary to make this """""""" little jewel """""""" work is for educational purposes only . to order a set of the instructions send $ 12 . 00 by cash , check or money order payable to : raul mendez enterprises , 50 lexington av suite 209 , new york city , ny 10010 i will mail your order out within 24 hours of receiving it . further , i will give you a refund upon written request if you are unsatisfied for any reason . happy holidays ! ! ! sincerely , raul mendez p . s . : the use of this mini-box if you choose to go on and see if your creation works requires no alteration of your existing cable system . you simply screw it in , right behind your television . p . p . s . : without the instructions it s like figuring out how to set the clock on your vcr . with the instructions , you are guaranteed success .
  """",1
  187,""""Subject: $ 300 - $ 500 yours to keep
   
   how to increase your monthly income $ 300 - $ 500 immediately ! with """""""" smart money secrets """""""" . today 's fastest , easiest way to increase your monthly income ! no extra work , no selling or solicitation required . message - id : hundreds of people just like you are using these secrets and enjoying extra money each month . you do n't spend a single penny ; these secrets can be put in place immediately ! you will see results on your very next check . one secret will show you how to give yourself a tax free raise immediately ! stop letting the irs use money that belongs to you . this one secret will increase your monthly income $ 300 to $ 500 immediately , tax free . ( see p . 9 ) things that your insurance agent won't tell you . report reveals one single move that can save you $ 500 - $ 600 annually on your car insurance . ( see p . 3 ) have you been fooled by your banker ? they ' ll pretend these secrets simply do n't exist . do n't let them """""""" snow you """""""" . we show you how to blow their secrecy out of the water and save you hundreds of dollars - dollars you can spend next week . ( see p . 11 ) need legal help ? even the wealthy use free legal help . report reveals where to find free legal help , right in your area . ( see p . 13 ) ways to get money for college - in 1997 alone , almost $ 8 billion in college scholarships and low - cost loans was available , yet 75 % of it was n't claimed . report tells you where the money is and how to apply . ( see p . 16 ) proven strategies you can use to lift yourself back on the high road , beat the debt system and establish a solid financial foundation for your future . ( see p . 18 ) set up your own home base business to cut , slash and save $ 5 , 000 to $ 10 , 000 annually on taxes . ( even if your business shows a loss ) . dollars you can use for vacations , new car , new clothes , house payments , or just family fun ! ( see p . 20 ) attention homeowner - save on your mortgage . . . it pays to check loan for overcharges ; 9 , 000 adjusted rate mortgages checked , errors were found in nearly half . average refund owed to homeowners ; $ 1 , 588 . 00 . report reveals how to get free help ! ( see p . 22 ) you can put these programs in place immediately , increasing your monthly income $ 300 - $ 500 or more , month after month . it 's fast , simple , and easy ! the """""""" smart money secrets """""""" shows the steps required to execute these and the many other exciting money saving programs in the report . - 1 - if you want to start receiving extra income now ! you owe it to yourself to take a look at these programs immediately ! this amazing report normally sells for $ 49 . 95 , but if you orfer within the next ten days , you pay the discounted price of only $ 29 . 95 plus $ 3 . 00 for shipping . just for ordering , you will receive : a free bonus report """""""" what every motorist should know """""""" . a free special bonus report on """""""" grants - scholarships - financial aid for the college student """""""" . both ( valued at over $ 49 ) . yours free . to order : send check , cash or money order for $ 29 . 95 plus $ 3 . 00 for shipping and handling to : ratex corporation 2505 globe avenue dallas , texas 75228-4471 . all orders shipped first class immediately . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + cut here + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + yes , i want to purchase your """""""" smart money secrets """""""" for $ 29 . 95 plus $ 3 . 00 shipping and handling ( us dollars ) . with a 30 day money back guarantee . make checks or money order payable to ratex corporation check users : you can fax order form and copy of your check taped at the bottom of this form to ratex corporation . fax to : ( 214 ) 388-3251 24 hours a day . or drop it in the mail to : ratex corporation 2505 globe avenue dallas , texas 75228-4471 . check one : $ 32 . 95 ( ) or $ 39 . 95 ( ) for rush delivery ship to : name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ all orders shipped first class , immediately !
  """",1
  188,""""Subject: wasteland - the darker side of desire
   
   wasteland - the darker side of desire http : / / 207 . 240 . 121 . 137 / wasteland looking for high quality bdsm and fetish material ? wasteland offers the largest collection on the internet ! cutting edge content includes . . . . - over 30 , 000 thumbnailed photos in such catagories as bondage , cbt , male and female domination , fisting , latex , genital piercing modification , watersports , suspension , abduction and torture play and many others . - hundreds of great quality streaming bdsm and fetish videos in mpg , realaudio , vivo and quicktime formats . - realtime chat and interactive domination and submission features . - a massive collection of informative articles , faq 's and """""""" how to guides """""""" covering everything from the art of japanese rope bondage to effective slave training to sane and consensual bdsm and d / s practices . these features , plus hundreds of rare bondage and fetish videos by mail , bdsm commuunity personal ads , realaudio fiction and stories , domina guides , film and club reviews and many other features make wasteland a great place to visit ! featured on bbc television , boston magazine and bdsm magazine , wasteland is updated twice weekly with fresh , original bdsm and fetish content . come visit us today ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",1
  189,""""Subject: you have to see this
   
   i never thought i 'd be the one telling you this : i actually read a piece of e - mail & i ' m going to europe on the proceeds ! hello ! my name is karen liddell ; i ' m a 35 - year-old mom , wife , and part-time = accountant . as a rule , i delete all unsolicited """""""" junk """""""" e-mail and use = my account primarily for business . i received what i assumed was this = same e-mail countless times and deleted it each time . about two months ago i received it again and , because of the catchy = subject line , i finally read it . afterwards , i thought , """""""" ok , i give = in , i ' m going to try this . i can certainly afford to invest $ 20 and , on = the other hand , there 's nothing wrong with creating a little excess = cash . """""""" i promptly mailed four $ 5 bills and , after receiving the = reports , paid a friend of mine a small fee to send out some e-mail = advertisements for me . after reading the reports , i also learned how = easy it is to bulk e-mail for free ! = 20 i was not prepared for the results . everyday for the last six weeks , my = p . o . box has been overflowing with $ 5 bills ; many days the excess fills = up an extra mail bin and i ' ve had to upgrade to the corporate-size box ! = i am stunned by all the money that keeps rolling in ! i know it 's hard to believe , and there are those who will say it does n't = work , but it does ! my husband and i have been saving for several years to make a = substantial downpayment on a house . now , not only are we purchasing a = house with 40 % down , we ' re going to venice , italy to celebrate ! i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be = prepared to eventually set aside about an hour each day to follow up = ( and count your money ! ) , you will make at least as much money as we did . = you do n't need to be a wiz at the computer , but i ' ll bet you already = are . if you can open an envelope , remove the money , and send an e-mail = message , then you ' re on your way to the bank . take the time to read = this so you ' ll understand how easy it is . i was once a skeptic and if i = can do this , so can you ! the following is a copy of the e-mail i read : $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then read it again ! ! ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you = may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its = ability to generate large amounts of cash . this program is showing = fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population = desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not = require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best = of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go = to the bank ! = 20 this truly is the lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow = the easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams will = come true ! when followed correctly , this multi-level marketing program = works perfectly . . 100 % every time ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , cars , etc . this is your chance , do n't pass it up ! = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary = 20 electronic multi-level marketing program = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - this is how you will reach financial freedom : you will send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to = nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level businesses , you = will increase your business buliding your downline and selling the = products ( reports ) . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new = multi - level business online ( via your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial = reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive via """""""" snail mail """""""" = will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they = ordered . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s = it ! the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest multi-level marketing = business anywhere ! = 20 follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o = n s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the = 20 report you ' re ordering , your e-mail address ( important ! ) and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to the = 20 person whose name corresponds to that particular report . = 20 * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save = them on your computer and resell them . save this advertisement now ! * usually within 10 days you will receive , via e-mail , the four = reports . = 20 save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you = to send = 20 to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next = to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other = than is instructed below in steps """""""" a """""""" through """""""" f """""""" or you will lose out on = the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , = you ' ll = 20 also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this = method = 20 has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , take this advertisement = and = 20 remove the name and address under report # 4 . this person has = 20 made it through the cycle and is no doubt counting their 50 = grand ! c . move the name and address under report # 3 down to report # 4 . = 20 d . move the name and address under report # 2 down to report # 3 . e . move the name and address under report # 1 down to report # 2 . f . insert your name / address in the report # 1 position . please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address accurately ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and = save = 20 it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of = this = 20 letter . use the opening testimonial or write one of your own . if = you do n't save this ad now , it may soon be deleted from your mailbox . = 20 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the worldwide web ! advertising on the web is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . another avenue which you could use for advertising is e-mail lists . try = doing a search on a search engine for """""""" bulk e-mail """""""" or """""""" e-mail service """""""" = or = 20 """""""" e-mail lists """""""" . = 20 = 20 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the = report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service = 20 on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report ( checks not accepted ) - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets = of paper . - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of = the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address - - do n't forget = this ! , and ( c ) your postal address . it is suggested that you rent a = mailbox addressed to an assumed name to avoid your name and home address = being sent to millions of people . for an example , see the """""""" company """""""" = names listed below . - do not write anything on the envelope except your return address and = the recipient information . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """""""" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """""""" = 20 order report # 1 from : = 20 nei p . o . box 673355 marietta , ga 30067 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """""""" major corporations and multi-level sales """""""" order report # 2 from : maricoa 2350 sring rd . # 30 - 194 smyrna , ga . 30080 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """""""" sources for the best mailing lists """""""" order report # 3 from : smy p . o . box 673366 marietta , ga 30067 = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """""""" evaluating multi-level sales plans """""""" order report # 4 from : ndz assoc . 1579f monroe drive , # 240 atlanta , ga 30324 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . = assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . = ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger = response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only = 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering = results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with = $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals = - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only = recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they = got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! = think about it ! your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can = afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and = e-mail is free ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow = 20 the directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when = 20 the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . = code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which = state = 20 that """""""" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . """""""" * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the = 20 instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , = continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you = should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , = continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more = orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already = working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front = of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching = which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more = income , send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! = there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially = the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it = won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof = that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy = money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow = the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . = 20 sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a = cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good = money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving = """""""" junk mail . """""""" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the = population and percentages involved . i """""""" knew """""""" it would n't work . doris = totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i = made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old """""""" i told you so """""""" = on her when the thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within = two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had = received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i = had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i = have joined doris in her """""""" hobby . """""""" i did have seven more years until = retirement , but i think of the """""""" rat race """""""" and it 's not for me . we owe it = all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system = is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large = amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i = checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return = for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i = received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my = mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided = that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way = that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , = was i surprised when i found my medium-size post office box crammed with = orders ! for awhile , it got so overloaded that i had to start picking up = my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years = of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't = matter where in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better = investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our = jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on = our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if = you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this = golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa order your reports today and get = 20 started on your road to = 20 financial freedom ! ! !
  """",1
  190,""""Subject: freshest email - addresses - ( for the pro or the newbie )
   
   this is a one time offer ! ! ! ! ! how would you like to build you business at higher level ? """""""" these lists are clean ! there are no duplicates , no embedded spaces , no trailing or embedded white noise characters , 96 % of them gathered in the last 3 weeks . no garbage addresses with more than one ' @ ' character , no embedded parentheses ' ( ' or ' ) ' , no addresses beginning with non-valid characters ( . . addresses must begin with 0 - 9 or a-z ) """""""" * * * ( if you happen to order more lists in the future , please send the name of the file containing the e-mail addresses , in that way , you won't get duplicates when re-ordering ! guaranteed ! ) * if you happen to order the complete database , i ' ll include four demo - e - mail blasters software titles available to you sent on a cd rom ( let 's you send up to 120 , 000 messages / hour along with a complete report on tricks of how to use these titles ( mach10 , stealth , direct mail , etc . also , tips on how to avoid your isp being cancelled due to unsolicited mailing ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = here 's a sample of the validity of our aol 's e - mail addresses mrbrown228 @ aol . com mrbrowncan @ aol . com mrbruce432 @ aol . com mrbruce @ aol . com mrbruns @ aol . com mrbrutals @ aol . com mrbrwne408 @ aol . com mrbryguy @ aol . com mrbs1038 @ aol . com mrbsmal @ aol . com mrbtrader @ aol . com mrbubb382 @ aol . com * note that they ' re extracted in the same way the aol user entered it originally . our addresses are 99 % valid and deliverable . they ' re extracted using the latest on database selection / filtering . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = e-mailing which can be sent in minutes or even seconds . computers are the future , even our children are operating them . just about every business you could possibly think of are associated with a computer . even you , otherwise you would not be reading this e-mail . there are over 65 million e-mail addresses through the internet exchange . in order to sell your products , they have to be advertised . and in order for you to buy them , they have to be advertised . you always need customers . what better way to find customers that you need ? through e-mailing . what faster way to send ads , letters and flyers at no postage charge to millions and millions of people ? through e-mailing . facts have proven that people who advertise their business is more likely to succeed than the ones who do not advertise . there are several reasons why you should try my method ; it 's low-cost , it will bring you clients , it will increase your profits , and you never have to take that trip to the post office and wait in line . what more pleasure do you want . you get to use it to your advantage . so use it . this method has helped thousands of businesses , whether it 's a home - base business or a large multi - million dollar corporation . it does not matter . what i have to offer is a 4 million e-mail addresses from all over the country . you can get 300 , 000 e-mail addresses for only $ 15 . 00 which is very reasonable price , and it 's guaranteed . for each additional 300 , 000 e-mail addresses add $ 10 . 00 . you are only spending $ 15 . 00 and believe me it 's worth every penny . this way , i dare you to try them out and see the profits . then you contact me if you want to purchase our whole 4 million addresses database . perhaps you might be wondering how could this person give so many e-mail addresses for so little money . on the other hand , you might be saying that this must be a scam , or they are not current listings . i believe that you must beat your competitors and give your customers 100 % satisfaction . if not , you lose them . i have over 3 million addresses , including yours . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = * order the aol 's complete database / non aol 's or both , and save ! ! the complete 2 million aol 's selected addresses : $ 50 the complete 2 million non - aol addresses : $ 50 both aol 's and non - aol 's databases : $ 90 i have over 5 million addresses , including yours ! ! = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = please send check or money order made payable to : raul mendez 50 lexington av . suite 209 new york , new york 10010 - usa money orders will make your order mailed / emailed the same day we receive it . * if you have any questions please call 212-591 - 2447 ask for raul . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = * please include your name and address so that your order can be returned within 2 - 4 days . if you choose to be e-mail please include your e-mail address . ( same day service ) ( only for $ 15 orders / 300 , 000 addresses . ) * the whole fresh 4 million database is shipped on cd rom , priority mail , along with demos of at least 4 software titles capable to send out your ads at amazing speeds . * * ( if you happen to order more lists in the future , please send the name of the file containing the e-mail addresses , in that way , you won't get duplicates when re-ordering ! guaranteed ! ) product / service to comply with the u . s . postal and lottery laws . title 18 sections 1302 and 1341 specifically states : """""""" products or services must be exchanged for money recieved . """"""""
  """",1
  191,""""Subject: we know you needed this , so . . . .
   
   greetings , this email is about fighting spam , and winning . > > please forward to your friends , family and co-workers to people that want to get spam out of their email : read this , you ' ll like what i am doing . . . . : ) to people that want to flame me for whatever reason : do n't be an egomaniac , i have a right to free speech , and the right to say it to a lot of people , so buzz off . - - - - - first let me tell you who i am and what i do . my name is robert young , i live in moscow , idaho , u . s . a . , and i have been using the internet since 1990 . i have watched the internet go from a small community of serious professionals to a roaring civilization of over 100 million people . until 8 months ago i had been a private investigator specializing in the apprehension of criminal fugitives . after 8 years of doing that i started getting burned out and decided to turn my life long hobby of programming computers into a full time job . now i write specialized applications for investigating and locating information on the internet . this summer , during the last week of july , i finally got fed up with the fact that i could not seem to get my 5 year old email address off of spam lists . i would reply to their emails with the word """""""" remove """""""" like most of them say and the next day i would get more . i sent my email address to remove lists , complained to administrators , postmasters , and my friends . none of it seemed to make a bit of difference . i decided to investigate the bulk email business . what i found made me so angry i almost blew a fuse . did you know : 1 . spammers steal valid email addresses and use them for return addresses . you could get the blame ! 2 . spammers purposely deceive filters designed to protect your email address . 3 . spammers """""""" hijack """""""" mail servers that are meant to relay messages from computer to computer . when they overload these servers , your legitimate email can be lost ! 4 . congress is not going to pass any laws in the united states anytime in the near future to stop this garbage , and they may never do so . some members of congress have actually campaigned through email . ( does that - really - surprise you ? ) 5 . when spammers register domain names with internic they never pay their bills because they know that the domain will be blocked and useless within 30 days , and interring gives them that long to pay before cutting them off . 6 . some spammers buy lists of accounts from hackers that have broken into internet service providers and use these accounts , that belong to other people , so they can connect to the internet without being concerned about losing the account . again , you get the blame , you lose your account . most of these spammers are genuine , authentic , certified jerks . i decided to get even , i took all of this very personally . within 3 weeks , the spam had dropped to a trickle . now i only get 2 or 3 a week instead of 7 or 8 each day . update : as of 02-oct - 1998 i have not gotten a single spam for 5 days . that 's a fact . i am starting to get comments from people that joined me two weeks ago that have noticed drops in their spam count of as much as 70 % . that is a fact as well . my list of active spammers is over 80 individuals now and it is growing every day . it does n't take government intervention , we all know that our government could n't feed a cat without spending $ 400 on a bag of cat food and starting 8 committees . what it does take is someone with the guts to take action , now ! what did i do ? first i recognized that spammers are not going to just quit , they make too much money doing it . the self righteous """""""" anti-spammers """""""" only wipeout mostly innocent business people with poor judgment . they have not put a single spam mailer out of business yet . not a one ! they just pop up with a different domain name , and dialup account the next day . the anti spammers have actually wiped out several potentially successful remove lists . you know why ? they do n't want it to end because then they would n't have a crusade anymore . think i ' m kidding ? i know who the anti-spammers are as well and believe me , their motivations are purely egotistical . in my opinion they have made spam worse by driving it underground and ruining the web based remove lists . try to go to www . remove-list . com , it is n't there anymore . so i am doing it different . human nature matters . . . i used my investigative experience to hunt down the - actual people - that were sending me spam . names , phone numbers , addresses , etc . it was n't easy but i had the background and knowledge to do it . i called each of these people and told them that if they did not immediately cease and desist sending mail to my address that i was going to give their name , address , phone number and anything else i had on them to every service provider in the country . that i would publish their information on the internet via the web , and that i would give their information to every ( legitimate ) anti - spam group i could find . i was polite and adult about the issue but i made it very clear that i was dead serious . nothing else has worked . people have been trying to get rid of spam for several years with no success . this method works ! ! ! if i told you i could do the same thing for you would you be interested ? i thought so . here is what you need to do : first : start your text editor ( notepad , vi , whatever ) second : type the following information and print it . first name last name primary email address ( remember your email may have two forms such as : joe @ isp . com and joe @ mail . isp . com . include both , contact your isp if you are n't sure ) family member ' s addresses ( one per line please ! ) third : mail this information to me : robert young attn : no more spam please ! ! ! c / o super fast services 116 e . 3rd . st . suite 206 moscow , id 83843 we need donations to support this fight . i started out doing this for friends and family , then their friends and family , and now it is starting to cost us a lot of money . please include a donation of five dollars either a five dollar bill , or a check made out to me . we are hoping that there are enough decent people out there that appreciate what we are doing and will pitch in a few bucks to help us pay for the phone calls , computer time , database searches , and hiring people to do the data entry for the 600 plus letters we are getting every day . p l e a s e h e l p ! i guarantee you will think it is the best five bucks you have ever spent if you are sick of spam . thanks for taking the time to reply to this letter , i hope to hear from you soon . working together we can defeat unwanted spam for good .
  """",1
  192,""""Subject: news and tv on your pc
   
   hi - i thought you might be interested in silicon http : / / www . silicon . com - it 's the best service i ' ve seen for it news and information . what 's really unique about it is that it has information that 's really relevant to my job and very good quality tv news and interviews . you should be able to check out the latest news by going to the inbox http : / / www . silicon . com / bin / bladerunner ? 30reqevent , + reqauth , 21046 what 's more there 's a chance of winning a sony dvd player ever week in october - all you have to do is register and use the service .
  """",1
  193,""""Subject: secret hardcore sex site . . .
   
   click here now to check it out ! http : / / www . pornocity . net / secret this is more than just hardcore sex . . . . . you will have unlimited access 24 hours a day to the most extensive collection of 5 live teen sex shows , 10 , 000 xxx movies , brand new xxx audio stories , anal sex , exclusive amateur . . . lesbian . . . gay . . . and 30 other categories of photo galleries . there are no per minute charges for anything ! you can even watch the videos of pamela lee and tommy lee doing the nasty ! ! ! shhhhhhh . . . . this site is not publicly advertised due to the explicit content ! click here now to enter http : / / www . pornocity . net / secret
  """",1
  194,""""Subject: income tax electronic filing & fast refunds business opportunity
   
   / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / we mean no spam . this message is being sent to business oriented individuals who have shown interest in receiving information about how to capitalize on their computers . if you think that you are receiving this message by mistake , please kindly accept our apologies , and simply click on the remove _ from _ tax @ hotmail . com link . and your address will be removed from our future mailings . no message or subject necessary . just click on the link remove _ from _ tax @ hotmail . com , and pass the command to send . or read on to learn how you can set up and successfully operate your own income tax electronic filing & rapid refund business with $ 199 . 00 . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / tremendous opportunities in the income tax electronic filing and the fast refunds industry . everything you need to start and successfully operate your own electronic filing & rapid refunds business . tax preparation experience not necessary . intelligent software will take care of lack of experience . excellent add-on opportunity for service businesses such as travel agencies , auto insurance offices , clerical service bureaus , check cash & money transfer , car dealer . . . just think about any service business where there is room for a computer , and a wish for business expansion . and you ' re on . at the same time , it 's an ideal self-starter take-off opportunity for the individual computer users , desirous to capitalize on their computer , honestly and in a legitimate enterprise . that was actually the main reason why the eldatapronet efiler partner program ( eepp ) has been developed . if you are 21 or + of age , and ready to cash in the income tax industry , we will teach you how to become an irs authorized efiler . and as soon as you are approved as a new electronic filer and register with the eepp program , you will be able to electronically file your clients income tax returns , and print refunds checks right in the convenience of your home or office , as we said with no tax experience . we are so sure about the success of your fast refunds enterprise , and since our own success depends on yours , we are ready to pay you to subscribe to the eepp program . it 's a secret for nobody that h & r block and jackson hewitt have dominated the electronic filing & fast refunds industry during the last decade . what you might not be aware of , is that those companies only work 13 weeks a year , and they have cumulated billions of dollar profits , from the date the irs has inaugurated the electronic filing program in 1986 to the present days when the irs wants to ease the way for new electronic filers . h & r block franchise is sold out . but if you qualify , you can still buy a jackson hewitt 's franchise for a one time $ 20 , 000 . 00 franchise fee , plus a 6 % of your annual gross profit for national advertisement , and 12 % royaltee fee . it is not too high a price to pay for the service they offer . but we give the same service for free . the only thing you will have to buy is the eepp software package , that includes the tax preparation module that virtually everybody familiar with a keyboard can use the very first day to prepare any 1040 income tax ; the bank software that come with a solid database to help you manage your clientele and your fees , and the check writing module that allows you to download check files from the bank and print reatime refunds checks to your clients ; the eepp communication module that makes the transmission of your clients ' return information to the irs as easy as pressing a button ; and finally the eepp windows interface that seamlessly integrates all those valuable goodies in one piece of software . all this for only $ 596 . 00 . no royalty fee to pay , no adversing fee . all the profits are yours to keep . but we still think that an initial investment of $ 596 . 00 in a business you do n't know about may constitute a string significant enough to hold you back . so , to facilitate the entry to new subscribers we pay up to $ 397 . 00 off your first year eepp software package . leaving you with an initial investment of $ 199 . 00 . we are some kind of millionaires who are just giving money away , nor are we going to pretend that we are in this just to help you . no . we are in it just like you to make money . and we make money only when you make money . all the details you might need to understand how the electronic filing program and the eepp offer work are posted on the eepp web site . all the forms and applications you need to sign up , and make payment for subscription fee over the internet are also available on line . but , you will agree with me , if that site was advertised on the giant search engines , the information it contains would not be so valuable because the information it contains would become public domain . your prospective clients could access the same information that makes your business worth what it 's worth . if time is money , business is information . and that is why we give access to the eepp site to people who really mean to be in business . for the web address , and your partner id number ( pidn ) , just reply to this message ( by clicking on the reply to the author icon , if you are using microsoft internet explorer ) , or direct your inquiry and questions to tax _ biz _ 4 _ u @ hotmail . com , call in your inquiry at ( 407 ) 895-2306 . but why pay a phone call when it 's free to email ? do n't wait any longer . some of the discounts are available in limited quantity only .
  """",1
  195,""""Subject: cute karen gives free shocking sex ! !
   
   think there 's nothing new on the internet ? think you ' ve seen it all ? ? nope ! ! you ' ve never seen anything like this before ! watch my incredible hidden toilet cams ( inside the bowl looking up and from above looking down - you pick what you want to see ) ! ! ! you will be shocked and more than slightly sexually aroused - i guarantee it ! watch beautiful nude young women going to the bathroom , taking showers , trying on clothes , and more - without them knowing you are watching ! ! if you are adult , simply go to : http : / / 206 . 25 . 35 . 180 / adult / take a peek for free ! ! but that 's not all ! ! you also get 20 live nude shows of the world 's most beautiful naughty nude strippers and outrageous porn stars , 8 , 000 hardcore red-hot video streams , 50 , 000 steamy pictures , online raunchy men 's sex magazines , and as a bonus , you get free online chat with me - karen ( trust me , i give great sex chat ! ! ) - unlimited dirty chat with me online at no extra charge whatsoever ! ! wow ! ! wanna see what i look like ? my picture is here : http : / / 206 . 25 . 35 . 180 / adult / you ' ll be glad you came ! ! in pleasure , cute karen http : / / 206 . 25 . 35 . 180 / adult /
  """",1
  196,""""Subject: win a porsche and politically empower internet users ( 293 )
   
   if there was a way for you to win a 1999 porsche carrera and help a non-profit organization politically empower internet users , would you like to obtain all of the facts ? to find out how to win the porsche , see the site below or click on it . http : / / nonprofit2 . org / raffle / howtowin . htm * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 38105
  """",1
  197,""""Subject: move over bill gates ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
   
   subject : move over bill gates ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then read it again ! ! ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its ability to generate large amounts of cash . this program is showing fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go to the bank ! this truly is that lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow the easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams will come true ! when followed correctly , this electronic , multi-level marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , cars , etc . , - even retire ! this is your chance , so do n't pass it up ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary electronic multi-level marketing program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - basically , this is what we do : we send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level businesses , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new multi-level business online ( via your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive via """""""" snail mail """""""" will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they ordered . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s it ! the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest electronic multi-level marketing business anywhere ! follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if you do n't order them ) . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose name appears on the list next to the report . * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save them on your computer and resell them . * within a few days you will receive , via e-mail , each of the four reports . save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in steps """""""" a """""""" through """""""" d """""""" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , replace the name and address under report # 1 with your name and address , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . c . move the name and address that was under report # 2 down to report # 3 . d . move the name and address that was under report # 3 down to report # 4 . e . the name and address that was under report # 4 is removed from the list and has no doubt collected their 50 grand . please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address accurately ! ! ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this letter . 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the worldwide web ! advertising on the web is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * see bottom of this advertisement for special bulk e-mail rates just for responding to this ad . . . . . . . be sure to start your ad campaign immediately ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report - always send your order via first class mail - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets of paper - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and ( c ) your postal address . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """""""" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """""""" order report # 1 from : krl enterprises 5765 - f burke centre pkwy suite 362 burke , va 22015-2233 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """""""" major corporations and multi-level sales """""""" order report # 2 from : mas po box 0814 frederick , md 21705-0814 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """""""" sources for the best mailing lists """""""" order report # 3 from : gregory marketing po box 660037 dept # g1 utopia station , ny 11366-0037 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """""""" evaluating multi-level sales plans """""""" order report # 4 from : hubbard house 103 hubbard road dept # h1 berwick , me 03901-2302 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think about it ! your cost to participate is practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 3 shows you the most productive methods for bulk e-mailing and purchasing e-mail lists . some list & bulk e-mail vendors even work on trade ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * reminder : see bottom of this ad for special bulk e-mail rates ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which state that """""""" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . """""""" * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! note : if you need help with starting a business , registering a business name , how income tax is handled , etc . , contact your local office of the small business administration ( a federal agency ) for free help and answers to questions . also , the internal revenue service offers free help via telephone and free seminars about business taxes . * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving """""""" junk mail . """""""" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population and percentages involved . i """""""" knew """""""" it would n't work . doris totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old """""""" i told you so """""""" on her when the thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i have joined doris in her """""""" hobby . """""""" i did have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the """""""" rat race """""""" and it 's not for me . we owe it all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md i just want to pass along my best wishes and encouragement to you . any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . i even checked with the u . s . post office to verify that the plan was legal . it definitely is ! it works ! ! ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i surprised when i found my medium-size post office box crammed with orders ! for awhile , it got so over - loaded that i had to start picking up my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't matter where in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to contact to get another copy , so i had to wait until i was e-mailed another program . . . 11 months passed then it came . . . i did n't delete this one ! . . . i made more than $ 41 , 000 on the first try ! ! d . wilburn , muncie , in this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * for a limited time only . . . . order your reports and take advantage of the following discounted bulk mailing rates if you mention that you are associated with """""""" krl enterprises """""""" e - mail your offer to 50 , 000 fresh e-mail addresses for only $ 49 . 00 ! e - mail your offer to 100 , 000 fresh e-mail addresses for only $ 69 . 00 ! or if you want to really make money . . . . . e - mail your offer to 500 , 000 fresh e-mail addresses for just $ 200 . 00 ! call 1-423 - 625-8787 and ask for ron anytime 5 days a week ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",1
  198,""""Subject: adult ad - viva la revolution
   
   viva la revolution ! ! ! ! ! ! forget gorditas , go for the gash ! viva la revolution ! ! ! ! thrust your self into the sexual revolution and cum out hard ! ! ! fight the resistance and fight for your right to have free sex ! ! ! ! join beautiful women in thier natural sexual independence ! ! ! drop your pants my fellow perverts , and stick your dick out for freedom ! ! !
  """",1
  199,""""Subject: re : urgent buy recommendation
   
   pdc innovative industries p d c i 1 / 4 ( $ . 25 / share ) the highly respected medical technology stock report of cupertino , ca has rated p d c i a """""""" strong buy """""""" with an initial price objective of $ 2 . 25 / share . p d c i has announced priority production of their proprietary hypo - sterile 2000 which renders medical contaminants harmless . the report indicates """""""" almost limitless demand in the market place for this revolutionary stand-alone medical device """""""" . for more information on p d c i go to : http : / / quote . yahoo . com / jfjg
  """",1
  200,""""Subject: extra holiday $ $ $ $ $
   
   i never thought i 'd be the one telling you this : i actually read a piece of e - mail & i ' m going to europe on the proceeds ! hello ! my name is karen liddell ; i ' m a 35 - year-old mom , wife , and part-time = accountant . as a rule , i delete all unsolicited """""""" junk """""""" e-mail and use = my account primarily for business . i received what i assumed was this = same e-mail countless times and deleted it each time . about two months ago i received it again and , because of the catchy = subject line , i finally read it . afterwards , i thought , """""""" ok , i give = in , i ' m going to try this . i can certainly afford to invest $ 20 and , on = the other hand , there 's nothing wrong with creating a little excess = cash . """""""" i promptly mailed four $ 5 bills and , after receiving the = reports , paid a friend of mine a small fee to send out some e-mail = advertisements for me . after reading the reports , i also learned how = easy it is to bulk e-mail for free ! = 20 i was not prepared for the results . everyday for the last six weeks , my = p . o . box has been overflowing with $ 5 bills ; many days the excess fills = up an extra mail bin and i ' ve had to upgrade to the corporate-size box ! = i am stunned by all the money that keeps rolling in ! i know it 's hard to believe , and there are those who will say it does n't = work , but it does ! my husband and i have been saving for several years to make a = substantial downpayment on a house . now , not only are we purchasing a = house with 40 % down , we ' re going to venice , italy to celebrate ! i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be = prepared to eventually set aside about an hour each day to follow up = ( and count your money ! ) , you will make at least as much money as we did . = you do n't need to be a wiz at the computer , but i ' ll bet you already = are . if you can open an envelope , remove the money , and send an e-mail = message , then you ' re on your way to the bank . take the time to read = this so you ' ll understand how easy it is . i was once a skeptic and if i = can do this , so can you ! the following is a copy of the e-mail i read : $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then read it again ! ! ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you = may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its = ability to generate large amounts of cash . this program is showing = fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population = desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not = require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best = of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go = to the bank ! = 20 this truly is the lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow = the easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams will = come true ! when followed correctly , this multi-level marketing program = works perfectly . . 100 % every time ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , cars , etc . this is your chance , do n't pass it up ! = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary = 20 electronic multi-level marketing program = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - this is how you will reach financial freedom : you will send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to = nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level businesses , you = will increase your business buliding your downline and selling the = products ( reports ) . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new = multi - level business online ( via your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial = reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive via """""""" snail mail """""""" = will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they = ordered . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s = it ! the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest multi-level marketing = business anywhere ! = 20 follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o = n s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the = 20 report you ' re ordering , your e-mail address ( important ! ) and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to the = 20 person whose name corresponds to that particular report . = 20 * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save = them on your computer and resell them . save this advertisement now ! * usually within 10 days you will receive , via e-mail , the four = reports . = 20 save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you = to send = 20 to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next = to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other = than is instructed below in steps """""""" a """""""" through """""""" f """""""" or you will lose out on = the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , = you ' ll = 20 also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this = method = 20 has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , take this advertisement = and = 20 remove the name and address under report # 4 . this person has = 20 made it through the cycle and is no doubt counting their 50 = grand ! c . move the name and address under report # 3 down to report # 4 . = 20 d . move the name and address under report # 2 down to report # 3 . e . move the name and address under report # 1 down to report # 2 . f . insert your name / address in the report # 1 position . please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address accurately ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and = save = 20 it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of = this = 20 letter . use the opening testimonial or write one of your own . if = you do n't save this ad now , it may soon be deleted from your mailbox . = 20 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the worldwide web ! advertising on the web is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . another avenue which you could use for advertising is e-mail lists . try = doing a search on a search engine for """""""" bulk e-mail """""""" or """""""" e-mail service """""""" = or = 20 """""""" e-mail lists """""""" . = 20 = 20 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the = report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service = 20 on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report ( checks not accepted ) - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets = of paper . - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of = the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address - - do n't forget = this ! , and ( c ) your postal address . it is suggested that you rent a = mailbox addressed to an assumed name to avoid your name and home address = being sent to millions of people . for an example , see the """""""" company """""""" = names listed below . - do not write anything on the envelope except your return address and = the recipient information . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """""""" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """""""" = 20 order report # 1 from : = 20 nei p . o . box 673355 marietta , ga 30067 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """""""" major corporations and multi-level sales """""""" order report # 2 from : maricoa 2350 sring rd . # 30 - 194 smyrna , ga . 30080 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """""""" sources for the best mailing lists """""""" order report # 3 from : smy p . o . box 673366 marietta , ga 30067 = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """""""" evaluating multi-level sales plans """""""" order report # 4 from : ndz assoc . 1579f monroe drive , # 240 atlanta , ga 30324 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . = assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . = ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger = response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only = 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering = results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with = $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals = - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only = recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they = got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! = think about it ! your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can = afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and = e-mail is free ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow = 20 the directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when = 20 the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . = code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which = state = 20 that """""""" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . """""""" * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the = 20 instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , = continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you = should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , = continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more = orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already = working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front = of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching = which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more = income , send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! = there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially = the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it = won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof = that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy = money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow = the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . = 20 sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a = cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good = money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving = """""""" junk mail . """""""" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the = population and percentages involved . i """""""" knew """""""" it would n't work . doris = totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i = made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old """""""" i told you so """""""" = on her when the thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within = two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had = received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i = had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i = have joined doris in her """""""" hobby . """""""" i did have seven more years until = retirement , but i think of the """""""" rat race """""""" and it 's not for me . we owe it = all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system = is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large = amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i = checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return = for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i = received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my = mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided = that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way = that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , = was i surprised when i found my medium-size post office box crammed with = orders ! for awhile , it got so overloaded that i had to start picking up = my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years = of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't = matter where in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better = investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our = jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on = our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if = you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this = golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa order your reports today and get = 20 started on your road to = 20 financial freedom ! ! !
  """",1
  201,""""Subject: premium adult content
   
   looking for high quality adult content at the right price ? then check out xxx by scarlett - 15 image cd 's and 3 video clip cd 's * hardcore * softcore * asian hardcore * transsexual hardcore * english roses ( 18-21 yrs ) * extreme euro hardcore * gay * amateur check out our quality , the amazing prices and with new content coming out every month you ' ll easily see why xxx by scarlett is the number one adult content provider . thank you for your time . scarlett
  """",1
  202,""""Subject: this is new at capital fm
   
   do n't want to receive these e-mails ? click the following link to remove your address from our mailing list : http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - velvet goldmine - glam 's back in ewan mcgregor 's new movie . - music news and releases - all the latest straight to your screen . - kele le roc - tomorrow 's british r&b superstar . - fantasy record label - take your favourite bands to the top . - online music shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . - sportstime - live action and big games . + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - - velvet goldmine - glam 's back in ewan mcgregor 's new movie . the scottish star heads back to the glittering days of glam rock in this wild new film with a stunning soundtrack . we ' re bringing a taste of the sparkling decade to your screens with clips of the movie and loads of ' velvet goldmine ' prizes at : http : / / capitalfm . com - music news and releases - all the latest straight to your screen . if you ' re looking for the hottest news and the latest releases , you know where to come . capitalfm . com is the only place for breaking news , tour dates , gossip , and all the releases as they hit the street . stay in touch with : http : / / capitalfm . com - kele le roc - tomorrow 's british r&b superstar . british r&b is showing strong against the american flavour , and kele le roc is hotly tipped to be at the forefront . we ' ll be talking to tomorrow 's superstar as her stunning single ' little bit of lovin ' ' is released , at : http : / / capitalfm . com - fantasy record label - take your favourite bands to the top . the ultimate music game has been running for a couple of weeks , but it 's never too late to take part and become a success in the music biz . pick the bands who can take you to the top of the charts and win you some amazing prizes at : http : / / capitalfm . com - shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . our new music shop is going down a storm , and if you have n't checked out how easy it is to buy the latest and greatest music , do n't hesitate ! everything is done from your desktop and the next thing you know your favourite music is in your mailbox . and we ' re always here to help should you have any questions . for a new music buying experience come to : http : / / capitalfm . com - sportstime - live action and big games . this saturday we ' ll be focusing on the premiership with live coverage of arsenal v southampton , two clubs at opposite ends of the top flight . . . the gunnners are back in europe next week , as we bring you live action from wembley in the champions ' league . . . the following sunday you can hear live commentary of blackburn v arsenal with jonathan pearce , the voice of football . . . plus previews , reports and goals from all the top games around the country as well as a chance to chat with wimbledon star robbie earle over the web . all this at : http : / / capitalfm . com + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - advertisement want to save money on your favourite cds ? stupid question ! at cd paradise we ' ve got exclusive offers on the latest albums for readers of this e-mail . robbie williams . . . beatiful south . . . placebo . . . and loads more ! do n't miss out on the money-saving prices at : http : / / www . cdparadise . com / capitalfm + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - advertisement this is the place to go if you ' re looking for more capital ! if you ' re looking for a low cost loan that you can apply for online , from a responsible company , go to this link http : / / www . eloan . co . uk whether it 's for a new or used car , something for the home or a holiday , eloan is a new internet unsecured loan which let 's you borrow from seven hundred and fifty pounds to ten thousand pounds at just 11 . 9 % apr fixed . with a fixed interest rate , eloan allows you to plan ahead with confidence , keeping your monthly repayments the same , regardless of interest rates generally . for instance , if you wanted to borrow four thousand pounds over thirty six months without insurance cover at an apr of 11 . 9 % fixed , your monthly repayment would be one hundred and thirty one pounds sixty seven pence , with a total repayment of four thousand , seven hundred and forty pounds , twelve pence . so whatever you ' re after , visit this link and checkout the real-time loan calculator you can choose a loan amount , repayment term and insurance option to suit your needs and apply online . http : / / www . eloan . co . uk eloan is a trading style of black horse finance limited , a subsidiary of the lloyds tsb group . written quotations are available on request . black horse finance limited ( usl ) , freepost , bournemouth bh8 8br . + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + -
  """",1
  203,""""Subject: skytop sales - - save over $ 100 on a digital camera !
   
   if you ' ve been searching for a high-resolution , feature-laden digital camera that produces images with incredible levels of detail and color depth , and which has a price tag that won't break the bank , well , you ' ve probably wondered if such an unlikely animal exists . . . it does . and skytop sales has it . http : / / 207 . 13 . 239 . 101 / cgi-bin / rtr ? 91byvpm1scp9pdbo3lc0hxy5klcz3c announcing the svmini - 209 from sound vision - - a digital camera that utilizes the latest technology to deliver ultrahigh-quality images ( 2000x1600 pixels ! ) at an affordable price . never heard of sound vision ? you probably know their products . sound vision is a camera manufacturer . their customers , in most cases , are large companies who brand the cameras sound vision makes and resell them as their own . one such company , for example , is selling a sound vision camera under its own very well-known label ; that camera retails for $ 479 . ( or more . the middlemen have to make their dough , of course . ) that same camera under the original manufacturer ' s label is called the sound vision svmini - 209 . through skytop sales , it 's only $ 349 . by sacrificing the big label and eliminating the middlemen , you save eighty bucks on the identical unit . and to sweeten the deal even further , we ' ll include $ 125 worth of memory enhancements at no additional cost . to have a look at the svmini - 209 , please visit our web site by following the link below . ( and bear in mind that you ' ve probably already seen this camera , if you ' ve been doing any comparison shopping . it just had a different name , and cost more . ) http : / / 207 . 13 . 239 . 101 / cgi-bin / rtr ? 91byvpm1scp9pdbo3lc0hxy5klcz3c the most camera your money can buy . . . sound vision uses new cmos sensor technology at the heart of its svmini - 209 to deliver greatly increased resolution at a lower cost . in fact , sound vision 's cameras were the first on the market to use cmos sensors instead of the traditional ccd sensors used in other digital cameras . the benefits of cmos technology : - higher resolution - - the svmini - 209 captures huge 3 . 2 megapixel images ( that 's 2000x1600 pixels ! ) - lower cost than ccds - - get more camera for the dollar - lower power draw - - dramatically increased battery life knock-out images and accompanying sound can be stored either in camera internal memory or on removable flash memory cards , both linear and sandisk . level - selectable jpeg compression allows you to find the right balance of image quality and memory economy . ( the module which allows the svmini - 209 to use sandisk cards , called the minidisk option , normally is a separate purchase . like we said : we ' re throwing it in for free . that , and a free 2 mb sandisk card - - a combined value of $ 125 ! ) taking great photos with the svmini - 209 is effortless . in addition to the red , green , and blue color receptors common to other digital cameras , the svmini - 209 features a fourth receptor for teal , which dramatically increases possible color depth ( and , in fact , more closely mimics the capabilities of the human retina ) . a sophisticated auto-exposure algorithm prevents the over-saturation of highlights while still preserving shadow detail . an automatic electronic flash guarantees that your shots will be lit to perfection , every time . the experts know . . . byte magazine reviewed the svmini - 209 in its november ' 97 issue , and gave the camera the highest rating , five stars . byte says , """""""" . . . it delivers ultra-high quality digital images at a relatively bargain price . """""""" ( the bargain price they ' re talking about is $ 479 . we ' re offering $ 100 + savings over the bargain price . ) to learn more about this outstanding camera , and for a comprehensive discussion of its features , ( and to order ! ) follow the link below : http : / / 207 . 13 . 239 . 101 / cgi-bin / rtr ? 91byvpm1scp9pdbo3lc0hxy5klcz3c prices for digital cameras span the spectrum . compare its features and benefits with other cameras , and you ' ll find that the svmini - 209 is way more camera for way less cost . compare its features and benefits with the same camera under a popular brand name , and you ' ll find that the svmini - 209 is the identical camera for waaay less cost . thanks for your time ! your friends at skytop sales p . s . digital images have so many fantastic applications : spice up a business proposal or presentation , design a dazzling web site , email photos to friends and family all over the world , create your own photo art using one of the popular graphics programs on the market . the possibilities are endless . . . and with the ultrahigh-quality images of the svmini - 209 in hand , you ' re limited only by your imagination . p . p . s . our agreement with soundvision allows us to sell the svmini - 209 for $ 349 for a limited time only . please act quickly . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - this mailing is intended to be of interest to a large audience and to communicate a valuable offer . if you have no interest in this offer , be advised that other valuable promotions will be featured in future mailings which may be of interest to you . however , if you have no desire to receive offers of value from us in the future , please click the link below to remove yourself from our mailing list . http : / / 207 . 13 . 239 . 101 / cgi-bin / rem ? vbanaqeanvsuprqpnpphx copyright 1998 , skytop sales . the information contained in this email message may not be published , broadcast , rewritten , or otherwise distributed without the express written consent of skytop sales .
  """",1
  204,""""Subject: fast delivery
   
   subliminally entice any woman to be yours ! guaranteed . we know you may be skeptical , but if you ' re not totally satisfied with your sex life and who you ' re dating you owe it to yourself to visit our web site ( your choice of english or espanol ) at http : / / 208 . 166 . 10 . 22 / and learn how the power of subliminal mind control can change your life . it is simply a fact that sexual impulses can be awakened and greatly intensified by using subliminal commands . we guarantee it ! but , most subliminal enticement tapes do n't work . confused ? take 1 minute , go to http : / / 208 . 166 . 10 . 22 / and read the section entitled """""""" the number 1 reason our tapes work and theirs don ' t ! """""""" to find out why . if nothing else , you ' ll get a good laugh at how downright silly some other tapes are . everything ( and we mean everything ! ) to gain and nothing to lose ! we ' re so sure that our tapes work that every one comes with a 100 % money back guarantee ! now that you know about the hottest tapes on the internet , you have no excuse not to be successful with any woman you choose . if you do n't get the facts , you are cheating yourself out of happiness , romance , great sex and the time of your life ! click here http : / / 208 . 166 . 10 . 22 / millennium creations , llc 520 washington blvd . , suite 287 marina del rey , ca . 90292 310-281 - 6737 to be remove from future mailings , reply to : remove @ inside2000 . com with remove in the subject . please understand that our system has filters and any files larger than 2k , foul language , multiple emails , graphics , and / or attachments within the email or it 's headers will automatically delete your email without removal from our database . only the email address in the from : will be deleted , if you have more than one address , please email us using the email from any account . make sure the email address is the same address we used to send the message or it will not be deleted from our database . you must reply with remove in the subject line , in order to be removed . the contents of the message are never read . thank you .
  """",1
  205,""""Subject: mistress shaved invites you to a free fetish party
   
   mistress shaved invites you to a free fetish party mistress shaved welcomes you to her world of ultimate satisfaction ! cum for free and see why everyone is talking about her ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! free membership the fetish club has all your fetish needs . bondage , watersports , fisting , anal sex , female domination , golden showers , transvestites , and lots lots more ! mistress shaved is waiting for all you fetish freaks to cum see the bondage , female domination , bdsm , lesbians , watersports , live sex , fisting , anal sex pix she has for you ! hand picked high quality fetish pictures for you . join now and receive instant access to thousands of bondage pictures , bdsm pictures and lots of anal sex , fisting , golden showers and a new upskirt with high heel section . she will satisfy all your fetish needs and wants . chat with her and members in the fetish chat room . tell her all your bondage stories . transvestites and lesbians welcome . visit her live sex and anal sex picture sections . check out the 4 , 000 hardcore erotic sex stories and 10 , 000 movies .
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  206,""""Subject: re : urgent buy alert !
   
   company : mark i industries symbol : m k i i ( mkii ) price : 3 / 8 ( $ . 375 / share ) m k i i has announced an affiliation with one of their subsidiaries and at&t . management projects a $ 100 million revenue goal at their current rate of growth with """""""" the company 's stock to trade in the $ 4 range """""""" . m k i i is rated an immediate and """""""" strong buy """""""" . for more information on m k i i go to : http : / / quote . yahoo . com .
  """",1
  207,""""Subject: eureka
   
   hey , check this . everythig at this site is free , and it 's actually stuff you use everyday ! coupons for food , dining , you name it . click this link and get a great gift just for taking a minute to """""""" see for youself """""""" http : / / ftw . nu go ahead , click it
  """",1
  208,""""Subject: secret hardcore sex site . . .
   
   click here now to check it out ! this is more than just hardcore sex . . . . . you will have unlimited access 24 hours a day to the most extensive collection of 5 live teen sex shows , 10 , 000 xxx movies , brand new xxx audio stories , anal sex , exclusive amateur . . . lesbian . . . gay . . . and 30 other categories of photo galleries . there are no per minute charges for anything ! you can even watch the videos of pamela lee and tommy lee doing the nasty ! ! ! shhhhhhh . . . . this site is not publicly advertised due to the explicit content ! click here now to enter
  """",1
  209,""""Subject: free credit - 60852
   
   if you have bad credit this message could change your life ! if you do not have bad credit , no need to send us a message to remove you from our mailing list , for this offer will only be sent once , so if you are not interested , just delete . we are providing a compiled list of 14 banks , including names , addresses and phone # 's , who offer unsecured visa and mastercards - meaning no security deposit ! for those with bad credit . we also have 6 phone # 's and 2 addresses of businesses who offer signature , business , and personal loans by mail , with absolutely no collateral ! no co-signers ! these loans range from as little as $ 500 to $ 25 , 000 for signature and personal loans and $ 5 , 000 to $ 1 , 000 , 000 for business loans . they are structured at competitive rates with flexible repayment schedules designed for people with bad credit . in addition , we also have 3 phone # 's for bad credit auto financing , a list of 20 banks who offer low interest , low deposit , secured cards and 7 merchant phone # 's for those with no credit , bad credit , or even bankruptcy . and if that was n't enough , a list of 7 merchants who offer computers to people with bankruptcy or no credit with no money down . last but not least , we ' ll include testimonials from those who have had success stories matched with the appropriate lending institutions . this free bonus information is all contained within our """""""" clean up your credit manual """""""" . our manual is a complete step by step instruction on how to correct your credit , just like the professionals do , only we save you hundreds of dollars to do it . our manual will help you restore your credit so that you may once again finance a home , buy a car , or go on that vacation you ' ve always dreamed about . our manual can be purchased for $ 15 . 00 ( $ 1 . 00 of which will be donated to cancer / aids foundations ) . the manual will be sent through e-mail for this amount . ( similiar lists and credit card searches currently run for $ 49 to $ 300 for only a third of the information we have which does n't even mention how to clean up your credit - this information will cost you at least $ 1000 if done by a professional ) if the manual must be sent by regular mail , fax , or check by fax , check by telephone , the cost is $ 20 . 00 because of the additional expense . we are delivering this information cheaply because we were once in your shoes and know how you feel - unfortunately , we must provide for our families therefore , we must exchange this information for money . someday we hope to offer it for nothing . be sure to indicate how you would like to receive your information - email address , fax number , home address , etc . . . . . if you are in a rush for the information and have a checking account please notify us by phone with your name , address and phone # to 1-412 - 886-1151 and we can take your information over the phone or by fax , thereby releasing our credit manual to you instantly via email . please forward these requests on to 1 - 412-886 - 1151 this department processes these requests only ! remember this methods will be an extra $ 5 . 00 because of the additional cost the bank charges us to process this method . we at ekel link have distributive rights with all companies listed in our manual , meaning we have the right to give out their phone # ' s and addresses . therefore , we have permission to publish them as """""""" bonus information """""""" in our """""""" clean up your credit manual """""""" . unless you acquire the same rights we suggest you think twice about selling this information for a profit or giving it away . those currently selling the information without such permission will be notified shortly of their fatal mistake ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - summary information please send cash , check or money order to information below . payable to : ekel link send to : ekel link rr # 2 suite 614 - a ruffsdale , pa 15679 . pay review : $ 15 . 00 advance purchase ( meaning you send us the money first i . e . cash , check or money order ) then we will e-mail the manual to you . do n't forget to give us your email address ! $ 20 . 00 advance purchase ( meaning we accept your checking account information by fax or by phone ) then we email you our manual . you must contact us at 1-412 - 886-1151 to do this ! $ 20 . 00 advance purchase ( meaning you send the money first ) then we fax or send you the manual . do n't forget to give us your mailing address or fax phone # ! $ 25 . 00 advance purchase ( meaning we accept your checking account information by fax or phone , call 1 - 412-886 - 1151 ) then we fax or send your our manual through postal mail . void where not legal by law . we are not professional financial consultants . we are not a credit institution or loan service . therefore , we can not offer a loan or a line of credit to you . what you are paying us for is a manual which describes our method of success on cleaning up our credit files . all attempts to clean up credit may vary depending on the efforts and circumstances of each individual . all banks and loan by mail services are responsible and completely liable for their own personal guarantees , we are not . if you decide to do business with any of the listed banks or loan institutions by mail , you agree to forward all questions pertaining to their services to them and not to us . we can and will only answer questions pertaining to the manual which descibes our own personal credit cleaning successes . all other info considered """""""" bonus information """""""" we are not liable for . we are disclosing these statement of claims because of the overwhelming response to answer questions which we have no knowledge or authority to answer . the choice to order is yours - all we know is the information helped us . if you have bad credit and you are looking for an easy route to scam someone else out of money , such as a bank or loan who does you a favor - please do not order from us - we are commited to helping people - not enouraging people to make bad situations worse . any knowledge of such suspicions or information relating to scams will be reported immediately . so if you have had a bad experience on the internet - let us know ! we are pro-actively trying to eliminate such commerce on the internet . in fact , tell us your story , we have just added a new section to our manual called , """""""" never be scammed again """""""" , with the people 's permission , we are including personal stories of bad experiences or """""""" scams """""""" they ' ve had on the internet . so even if you do n't purchase , at least give us your story to help stop such businesses on the internet and protect the consumer . we will answer as many questions as we can , so do n't hesitate to keep in touch . any suggestions or updated information is appreciated and will be rewarded . ( rewards warranted and merited at our discretion ) as we have stated before , this is a one time offer and will only be emailed to you once ! so order now ! $ 15 could change your life drastically as it has ours . thanks for visiting - hope to talk to you soon . good luck and god bless you and your family . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ekel link rr # 2 suite 614 - a ruffsdale , pa 15679 united states 1-412 - 886-1151 p . s . sorry our return email address probably is out of commission because so many rich business men complained about our message and don ' t like to see the small business man help the needy ! therefore , you must either write us or call the number above . thanks again and take care !
  """",1
  210,""""Subject: get money stuffing envelopes
   
   dear future associate , you can work at home & set your own hours . start earning big money in a short time no newspaper advertising ! your job will be to stuff and mail envelopes for our company . you will receive $ 2 . 00 for each and every envelope you stuff and mail out . just follow our simple instructions and you will be making money as easy as 1 2 3 for example stuff and mail 200 envelopes and you will receive $ 400 . 00 . stuff and mail 400 and you will receive $ 800 . 00 . stuff and mail 500 and you will receive $ 1 , 000 and more never before has there been an easier way to make money from home ! our company 's home mailing program is designed for people with little or no experience and provides simple , step by step instructions . there is no prior experience or special skills necessary on your part , just stuffing envelopes . we need the help of honest and reliable home workers like you . because we are overloaded with work and have more than our staff can handle . we have now expanded our mailing program and are expecting to reach millions more with our offers throughout the us and canada . our system of stuffing and mailing envelopes is very simple and easy to do ! you will not be required to buy envelopes or postage stamps . we will gladly furnish all circulars at no cost to you . we assure you that as a participant in our program you will never have to mail anything objective or offensive . there are no quotas to meet , and there no contracts to sign . you can work as much , or as little as you want . payment for each envelope you send out is guaranteed ! here is what you will receive when you get your first package . inside you will find 100 envelopes , 100 labels and 100 sales letters ready to stuff and mail as soon as you are done with stuffing and mailing these first letters , your payment will arrive shortly , thereafter . all you have to do is to order more free supplies and stuff and mail more envelopes to make more money . our sales literature which you will be stuffing and mailing will contain information outlining our highly informative manuals that we are advertising nationwide . as a free gift you will receive a special manual valued at $ 24 . 95 , absolutely free , just for joining our home mailers program . plus you will get your own special code number , so that we will know how much you are to get paid . and to make re-ordering of more envelopes , that our company supplies very simple for you . we are giving you this free bonus because we want you to be confident in our company and to ensure that we will be doing business with you for a long time . benefits of this job : 1 . you do not have to quit your present job , to earn more money at home 2 . you can make between $ 2 , 500 to $ 4 , 500 a month depending on the amount of time you are willing to spend stuffing and mailing envelopes 3 . this is a great opportunity for the students , mothers , disabled persons or those who are home bodies . to secure your position and to show us that you are serious about earning extra income at home we require a one-time registration fee of $ 35 . 00 . this fee covers the cost of your initial start up package , which includes 100 envelopes , 100 labels and 100 sales letters and a manual , your registration fee will be refunded back to you shortly thereafter . money back guarantee ! we guarantee that as soon as you stuff and mail your first 300 envelopes you will be paid $ 600 . 00 and your registration fee will be refunded . many of you wonder why it is necessary to pay a deposit to get a job . it is because we are looking for people that seriously want to work from home . * if 3 . 000 people told us they wanted to start working from home and we sent out 3 . 000 packages free to every one . and then half of the people decided not to work , this would be a potential loss of more than $ 60 , 000 in supply 's and shipping that we have sent out to people that do n't want to work we have instituted this policy to make sure that you really want to work and at least finish your first package . to get started today please enclose your registration fee of $ 35 check , cash or money order and fill out the application below and mail to : hmc co 11054 ventura blvd # 265 studio city , ca 91604 name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone number ( s ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for all orders , please allow seven ( 7 ) days for delivery and up to 10 days .
  """",1
  211,""""Subject: best debt elimination software available ! free demo ! great gift !
   
   best debt elimination software available ! free demo ! great gift ! you do n't need to earn a penny more than you do now ! you do n't need to = wait 20 , 30 , even 40 years to get out of debt ! nor retire in hock to your creditors and survive on the edge with social security alone ! you can get out of debt in five to seven years on average ! and you do n't need to be a financial wizard to do it . ( please see the end of this message for remove suggestions . ) your financial independence day debtfree for windows ( tm ) will show you how to get out of debt and will help you pin down your debt - freedom date , your financial independence day ! this easy-to - use program will calculate and display your step-by - step accelerated debt-elimination plan . then it will help you develop and monitor your accelerated wealth-accumulation plan . this top-of - the-line software can even show you the exact date you will become a debt-free millionaire ! please read on to find out how this powerful yet user-friendly program can help you obliterate your debt and achieve solid financial independence in much less time than you would have thought possible ! in using this impressive software you will discover how you can become free from the financial bondage of north america 's credit-dependent economic systems - - systems which funnel most of the wealth you produce over your working life into the vaults of money companies . . . specifically , giant credit companies . federal statistics show that 96 % of north americans do not achieve financial freedom - - little wonder when they hand paycheck after paycheck to the money companies . it 's been a dead-end street for most of us , but now we have an effective tool to defeat this cycle of financial slavery . what ' debtfree for windows ' can do for you the debtfree ( tm ) for windows ( tm ) will show you how to : - pay off all your debts , including your home mortgage , in about 5 years using the money you already make ! ! - teach you how to operate 100 % on cash never needing or wanting credit again ! - show you how to direct the money you once wasted on mortgage , car and credit card payments into simple , safe investments , thus . . . - allow you to live as you choose off the income generated from those investments , and never have to work again ! the debt - free & prosperous living program ( tm ) which is presented in this software is already working to free more than 150 , 000 = 20 american and canadian families from debt and credit-dependency . = 20 they are achieving the financial independence we all dream of = 20 having . you , too , can free yourself ! now using the debtfree for windows ( tm ) debt - elimination and wealth building software you can : - calculate and display your step-by - step accelerated debt-elimination plan . - establish your debt-freedom date and monitor your progress towards it . - show you how unplanned costs or windfalls may affect your debt payoff . - show you the exact date you ' ll become a debt-free millionaire . receive an interactive demo of this software by visiting our internet website at : http : / / www . aframeri . com / debtfree . and start doing what you want , living where you want and being who you want ! if the address above is underlined , you may be able to click on it to go directly to the site . otherwise , launch your browser , netscape or internet explorer , and enter the address in the address box at the top of your screen . ( you can = 20 select and copy the address above and paste it in your browser 's = 20 address box . ) you will soon be using the finest debt-elimination = 20 and wealth-building software available anywhere ! you might = 20 imagine this powerful software costing many hundreds of dollars = 20 because it will be worth many thousands to you , but it actually = 20 costs far less than that . for details , visit the web site . why not = 20 visit the site now while the thought is still fresh in your mind ? = 20 this could be a historic , life-changing moment for you - - your = 20 financial re-birthday ! = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( to be permanently removed from this list , and from most responsible direct mailing lists , please register your e-mail address with a public remove list like those at http : / / www . infobyte . com / remfile . htm , http : / / www . cmtgroup . com / cmt / remove . html , or http : / / www . remove-me . com / - - when they are up . if you received = 20 this e-mail in error , we regret any inconvenience . also , please = 20 do not reply to the """""""" from """""""" or """""""" reply to """""""" fields above , but use the = 20 contact information contained in the software . thank you . )
  """",1
  212,""""Subject: > > > holiday in florida ! < < <
   
   ` , , ` , , ` , , ` florida / bahamas / cancun family holiday ! ! ! ! ` , , ` , , ` , , ` you have been selected to enter for a limited time only ! family getaway for 2 adults 3 children or 4 adults ! offer now available world wide for a limited time only ! if selected you could enjoy : 1 . 4 days 3 nights in magical orlando florida , home of disney world where you will enjoy the hospitality of either the comfort suites or holiday inn . have a blast with a free family pass to watermania water park in orlando . you will also receive the orlando """""""" magic card """""""" entitling you to hundreds of dollars worth of discounts in the orlando area ! ! ! ! ! ! 2 . then enjoy 3 days 3 nighs in sunny cocoa beach florida , living it up at the hilton overlooking the atlantic ocean ! ! ! put the kids to bed early . . . . . . and enjoy 2 complimentary adult casino cruise tickets ! ! ! ! ! 3 . a complimentary alamo rental car with unlimited mileage for your stay in florida ( must carry a mjor credit card for car rental deposit ) register now to take advantage of this once in a lifetime holiday and if you qualify enjoy . . . . . . . . this special online offer ! ! ! reply within 48 hours of receipt and you will also recieve : 2 bonus mini vacations > 4 days / 3 nights in beautiful cancun , mexico at the piramides cancun beach resort ! ! > 4 days / 3 nights in nassau , grand bahamas at the marriott crystal palace resort & casino all of this for only $ 678 for 2 adults and 3 children , or 4 adults ! ! ! ! ! ! ( if you do qualify you will need to secure promotional fees on a major credit card to guarantee your travel date ) register now ! ! ! reply to maryj @ digital . intersponse . com with ' holiday ' as the subject and the following information : full name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state ( or county ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip ( or postal code ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ age ( must be 21 ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ married ( yes / no ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ if yes , spouses name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ day phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ evening phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ best time to call : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ which credit card do you use : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please include information for all fields , incomplete registrations will be discarded . this is not a contest , lottery or sweepstakes . you are qualified based on demographics such as age , area you live in , etc . qualified entrants will be contacted by one of our experienced travel representatives with the full details . only one phone call per household . ( all fields must be filled completely in order to be a valid entry . this info will remain completely confidential ! ) this covers all fees except for any incidentals such as phone , food , gratuities , and hotel taxes which are paid directly to the hotel . removal : if you would like to be removed from our mailing list , respond to jorry @ digital . intersponse . com with ' remove ' in the subject and your email address in the body .
  """",1
  213,""""Subject: save money on your phone bill
   
   i hope you do n't object to a complete stranger mailing you this , but i believe this to be an opportunity too good to be missed by anyone . i ' m looking forward to saving money on my phone bill and so can you : - to save money on your phone bill please read this message carefully tcw telecoms direct ltd least cost routing gives you the opportunity to save money on all of your phone bills all of the time . how much will you save ? local calls 15 % regional calls 30 % national calls 30 % international calls 30 % landline to mobile 10 % ( discounts shown are against bt standard rates . rates track bt on a daily basis , for pricing information see bt ) now here comes the best bit - you can save even more every month by referring friends . simply tell your friends about the tcw lcr service . give them your customer number ( located on the top left of your contract when you have become a customer ) ( call 01235 442350 and quote account number de / 184374 to become a customer yourself ) ask your friends to call tcw telecoms direct ltd on 01235 442350 . let tcw telecoms direct ltd do the rest . how will tcw thank you ? you ' ll receive credits for every month that your recommended friends continue to use the tcw service . every month there will be a loyalty referral discount on your bill . the more friends you refer , the greater your monthly credit will become - and yes - this credit is every month . so become a tcw customer now and then call your friends . in time , your phone bill from tcw telecoms direct could read zero ! how do you become a tcw customer ? call tcw telecoms direct ltd on 01235 442350 now and give them the account number de / 184374 - you , me and your friends will soon be saving money on your phone bills - even more so if you all recommend the service to others . good luck and here 's to smaller phone bills for everyone ! ! more details follow for those wishing to know more about how this service works if you are already receiving discounts from bt or your cable operator , you may not see the benefit of using the tcw service as the discounts above may not seem attractive . however , remember that by recommending friends your resultant discounts over bt standard rates could become 100 % every month due to the referral credits appearing on your tcw bill . in other words , by recommending friends you can reduce your tcw bill to zero over time . i have just asked tcw / telecoms direct customer service what happens to calls to numbers such as 0845 that get used for internet access , and apparently these are discounted the same as local calls , i . e . 15 % ( or more when you recommend friends ) . please call them yourself to confirm on 01235 442350 . what is least cost routing ? least cost routing is a system designed to save you money on all your local , regional , national and international calls as well as calls to mobile phones . why is least cost routing allowed to exist ? least cost routing is relatively new in the uk and has come about since the government passed a bill to deregulate the national telephone system . this ended the bt monopoly , allowing tcw telecom direct to offer you a highly competitive service with substantial discounts on your calls . how does it work ? least cost routing works by simply re-routing your calls through tcw 's billing system . it does this via a free """""""" smart box """""""" that attaches to your phone and bt or cable socket . in other words , you keep your existing telephone number , dial as normal , and receive exactly the same high quality service . you will then receive a bill from your existing telephone company for line rental and maybe some specialised calls and another bill ( lower than before ) from tcw for your local , regional , national and international calls as well as calls to mobile phones . your combined bill will , of course be lower . effectively nothing changes , but the total price you pay . the """""""" smart box """""""" is plugged into your existing bt or cable wall socket which is used for the majority of your calls . your phone is then plugged into the """""""" smart box """""""" . you then use your phone as per normal and save money . if there is heavy usage from another extension , you may consider requesting a second smart box . there is no minimum contract period . what will your bill from tcw show ? fully itemised call details with number of calls , type of calls ( local , regional , national , international , mobile ) , duration of calls , cost of each call , how much the calls would have cost without least cost routing .
  """",1
  214,""""Subject: great on - line casino !
   
   don , ted : i guess i owe you guys lunch . who would have thought the lions would beat tampa bay ! ! aaarghh ! since you guys are so clever when it comes to picking winners maybe you should check out the new on-line sportsbook and casino i found ! check it out ! click here you can bet on this weekend 's college and nfl games or play blackjack , poker , craps , slots or baccarat in the casino . guys , its awesome . there 's no software to download and you can place your bets by telephone or over the internet ! ! try it out . they ' ll set you up on-line at : http : / / www . rosieschalkisland . com or call my man , """""""" island bud """""""" at : 1-800 - 248-4115 dan p . s . call me crazy guys , but i actually bet on the lions and made over $ 120 . 00 . thanks for the tip ! ! u e
  """",1
  215,""""Subject: 
   
   10 / 27 / 98 y2k solution ! 8 pine circle dr . , silicon valley , calif . otc company """""""" tcfg """""""" 21 st . century frontier group has through several members of their administrative research department leaked vital information about their companies efforts . . . everyone was tight lipped and interviews were refused , and through un-named sources we have learned that the technology and software solution are in the process of being patented ! in over 1640 trials , using various data systems the use of the new technology and software solved the y2k problem 100 % of the time . this small publicly traded company """""""" tcfg """""""" which is just 3 years old is through various sources now negotiating with the """""""" big boys """""""" ! """""""" tcfg """""""" the letters to look for !
  """",1
  216,""""Subject: free sex
   
   hello . are you an adult ? do you have a credit card ? do you want so much porn you won't be able to handle it ? 5000 video feeds avi & quicktime movies 50 , 000 pictures 10 , 000 sex stories teen sex videos ( modles are 18 ) click here for a 2 . 95 $ membership you must be 18 and you need a credit card . . . there is absolutly no free porn on the site so if you are under 18 or not intrested in signing up do n't even bother .
  """",1
  217,""""Subject: this is new at 95 . 8 capital fm
   
   do n't want to receive these e-mails ? click the following link to remove your address from our mailing list : http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - halloween - get spooked with our prize-winning specials . - primary colors - all the gossip from the movie premiere . - still crazy - rock , roll and laughs on the big screen . - hot new music - all the best new releases straight to your screen . - fantasy record label - take your favourite bands to the top . - shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - - halloween - get spooked with our prize-winning specials . why should the ghosts and undead have all the fun this halloween ? we ' ve got a bumper package of spooky fun for you . catch up on the latest and greatest scary movies and win boxed sets of classic horror flicks , or prepare for some spellbound prizes with b * witched right here : http : / / capitalfm . com - primary colors - all the gossip from the movie premiere . john travolta and emma thompson star in this revealing portrait of an adulterous us president , and its release could n't be timed any better ! we ' ll have all the gossip straight from thursday night 's star-studded premiere , so head over to : http : / / capitalfm . com - still crazy - rock , roll and laughs on the big screen . it 's a crazy tale of an unlikely bunch of rock stars , including jimmy nail and billy connolly , and it 's about to crash onto the big screen . we ' ve got a stack of wild rock ' n ' roll prizes to be won in our ' still crazy ' competition , so do n't miss the fun at : http : / / capitalfm . com - hot new music - all the best new releases straight to your screen . it 's a big week for new music , and we ' ll be bringing you all the info on the latest releases . as well as our regular round-up of the music that should be spinning in your cd player , we focus on megastars celine dion and u2 and their unmissable new albums . for all that 's hot in hit music you need : http : / / capitalfm . com - fantasy record label - take your favourite bands to the top . the ultimate music game has been running for a couple of weeks , but it 's never too late to take part and become a success in the music biz . pick the bands who can take you to the top of the charts and win you some amazing prizes at : http : / / capitalfm . com - shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . our new music shop is going down a storm , and if you have n't checked out how easy it is to buy the latest and greatest music , do n't hesitate ! everything is done from your desktop and the next thing you know your favourite music is in your mailbox . and we ' re always here to help should you have any questions . for a new music buying experience come to : http : / / capitalfm . com * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement compaq mtv competition the glamour , the glitz , the fame . . . and you could be part of it all . compaq , the world 's coolest pc manufacturer are offering the chance for you and a friend to attend the 1998 mtv europe music awards in milan . with stars like all saints , aqua , robbie williams and many more you will feel part of the dizzy atmosphere . what 's more , we even want you to tell us all about it because we want you to be our reporter for the event . sounds too good be true ? well click on the icon on the capital radio site and find out more . . . but hurry , there 's no business like show business . http : / / capitalfm . com * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement titanic 7up competition how many cans of 7up does it take to fill your bathtub ? if your guess is 365 then you do n't want to miss out on the chance to win a years supply of 7up , absolutely free ! enter the 7up / titanictesco competition on the capital radio websites and you could be in with a chance of winning bath full of fizzy refreshment . whether or not you choose to get into the bath of 7up or save it to drink , is entirely up to you if you buy 2x6packs of 7up at tesco you can scoop yourself a free poster too . http : / / capitalfm . com * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement compaq presario competition instant access to the internet , accelerated graphics , dolby digital surround . no , we are not talking about the latest in space technology but the new compaq presario . you can win it just by entering the competition on the capital radio website . if you want to experience the performance for yourself , all you have to do is pop into capital radio , leicester square , london and there will be a presario in the foyer just for you to play with . so , click on the icon on the capital radio site and enter the compaq competition today . . . http : / / capitalfm . com * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement we have teamed up with cd paradise to provide you with some fantastic & exclusive offers ! special discounts are available on new items from robbie williams . . . the beautiful south . . . . placebo . . . . rem . . . . south park and many , many more ! but do n't delay , visit the site now while stocks last at : http : / / www . cdparadise / capitalfm
  """",1
  218,""""Subject: promote your business online .
   
   do you know what the number one factor is that will determine whether your business is a success or not ? advertising ! effective conventional advertising is quite expensive . so what do you do ? direct email is one of , if not thee most effective method of advertising in the 90 's . you can get your ad out to hundreds of thousands , even millions , for only a fraction of the cost of traditional advertising . the wave of future advertising is here , do n't miss it . we have gone through painstaking methods to insure that we have the best quality lists on the internet . we send your ad for your , all you have to do is create it . 50 , 000 emails sent . . . . . $ 200 500 , 000 emails sent . . . . $ 1 , 100 1 , 000 , 000 emails sent . . $ 1 , 750 ( * special * reply to this mail and get $ 250 off if you send 1 million ! ) if you would rather use your own list , you can do that too ! for more informaiton , or to sign up , visit our website at http : / / www . emcu . com / . we also host email auto responders ! if you ' re in the market for one of those , visit our site too . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - this message is sent in compliance of the new e-mail bill : section 301 , paragraph ( a ) ( 2 ) ( c ) of s . 1618 sender : electronic marketing concepts unlimited . 103b washington street , doniphan , mo 63935 phone : 1-800 - 724-6644 ext : 8762234444 e - mail : info @ emcu . com * to be removed from our mailing list , simply ignore this message . * this ad is not intended for nor do we knowingly send to washington state residents . * responding to the """""""" return address """""""" will not have your name removed .
  """",1
  219,""""Subject: electric motors
   
   dear sir / madam we are manufacturers of electric motors viz . ac . motors , dc . motors , and special type of motors . we have entered into international market and are getting orders in bulk quantities from manufacturers of motors , they market these motors under their own brand name in bulk at the price they think for them notpossible to manufature in their home country . we offer six months site facility against confirmed and irrevocable letter of credit of any prime bank in us dollars . visit us at http : / / www . elmomachines . com for our wide spectrum of products . awaiting for a favourable response from your end . regards , anuj patel proprietor telefax : + 91 79 6421347
  """",1
  220,""""Subject: visit us in the tropics
   
   $ : 0 ` 0 : $ x , 88 , x $ : 0 ` 0 : $ x , 88 , x $ : 0 ` 0 : $ x , 88 , x $ : 0 ` 0 : $ x florida / bahamas / cancun family holiday ! ! ! ! $ : 0 ` 0 : $ x , 88 , x $ : 0 ` 0 : $ x , 88 , x $ : 0 ` 0 : $ x , 88 , x $ : 0 ` 0 : $ x you have been selected to enter for a limited time only ! family getaway for 2 adults 3 children or 4 adults ! offer now available world wide for a limited time only ! if selected you could enjoy : 1 . 4 days 3 nights in magical orlando florida , home of disney world where you will enjoy the hospitality of either the comfort suites or holiday inn . have a blast with a free family pass to watermania water park in orlando . you will also receive the orlando """""""" magic card """""""" entitling you to hundreds of dollars worth of discounts in the orlando area ! ! ! ! ! ! 2 . then enjoy 3 days 3 nights in sunny cocoa beach florida , living it up at the hilton overlooking the atlantic ocean ! ! ! put the kids to bed early . . . . . . and enjoy 2 complimentary adult casino cruise tickets ! ! ! ! ! 3 . a complimentary alamo rental car with unlimited mileage for your stay in florida ( must carry a mjor credit card for car rental deposit ) register now to take advantage of this once in a lifetime holiday and if you qualify enjoy . . . . . . . . this special online offer ! ! ! reply within 48 hours of receipt and you will also recieve : 2 bonus mini vacations > 4 days / 3 nights in beautiful cancun , mexico at the piramides cancun beach resort ! ! > 4 days / 3 nights in nassau , grand bahamas at the marriott crystal palace resort & casino all of this for only $ 678 for 2 adults and 3 children , or 4 adults ! ! ! ! ! ! ( if you do qualify you will need to secure promotional fees on a major credit card to guarantee your travel date ) to register go to : http : / / nocutoff . dynip . com this is not a contest , lottery or sweepstakes . you are qualified based on demographics such as age , area you live in , etc . qualified entrants will be contacted by one of our experienced travel representatives with the full details . only one phone call per household . ( all fields must be filled completely in order to be a valid entry . this info will remain completely confidential ! ) this covers all fees except for any incidentals such as phone , food , gratuities , and hotel taxes which are paid directly to the hotel .
  """",1
  221,""""Subject: ! - - - - - * - - - - - ernie 's 8 - - - - * - - - - - !
   
   every week ernie evaluates some of the hottest sites on the internet in the most popular categories ! ! this week 's hot pick category is """""""" gaming sites """""""" ! check out some of our picks for the hottest sites . free casino sites ( win bucks with no risk ! ) : click here click here gambling search engines ( visit the most popular gambling sites on the internet ! ) : click here click here sports handicapping sites ( free sports selections ) : click here click here gambling information sites ( get the latest news ) : click here click here stayed tuned for next week and our hot """""""" travel """""""" picks ! !
  """",1
  222,""""Subject: free live video sex ! ! !
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * attention video sex lovers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * never pay for video sex ever again . brand new totally free live video = sex website . come check out over unlimited live video sex channels ! http : / / 209 . 25 . 83 . 24 / indexc . htm
  """",1
  223,""""Subject: very important ! read carefully
   
   # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # this message is intended for adults only . # # # # if you are not a legal adult over the age # # # # of 18-21 years old or are offended by # # # # adult related material , please delete this # # # # message now . to be removed from this list # # # # please enter your e-mail address at # # # # http : / / www . replyman . com # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 5680 xxx picture on one cd-rom only $ 99 http : / / www . sexcatalog . ch / hotasia / index . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * it ' s true ! we offer you one single cd-rom with 5690 hardcore pictures . * no download time ! * no membership ! * incredibly a lot of pictures ! * top quality pictures only ! * free delivery around the world * free thumpsplus program which allows you an easy preview of the pictures * free unlimited access to our homepage member area ( value of $ 45 ) they are categorized as : * 3000 pic . of nude top models * 1500 pic . of asian hardcore * 460 pic . of blowjobs * 380 pic . of closeups * 130 pic . of anal * 110 pic . of wet girls order now at : http : / / www . sexcatalog . ch / hotasia / free . html free samples at : http : / / www . sexcatalog . ch / hotasia / password . htm username : models password : 156354 ! ! ! we do deliver around the world for free ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * free windows desktop calendar http : / / www . ips . ch / usa / files / calender . exe * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * we just released a brand new windows desktop tool . bored of having the same background picture every day ? our desktop calendar for windows 95 and 98 can change that . every day you see a new desktop picture and a monthly calendar which will bring you the present day . you can even easily add your favorite pictures . * no shareware * no demo version * no function limitation * it ' s 100 % free download : http : / / www . ips . ch / usa / files / calender . exe more infos : http : / / www . ips . ch / usa / index . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * website submission to 250 + search engines for only $ 29 . 95 http : / / www . ips . ch / usa / register-it . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * for a limited time only we register your homepage url in 250 + search engines such as yahoo , altavista , excite , infoseek , lycos . . . for only $ 29 . 95 ( regular price $ 99 ) . after we register your homepage you receive a confirmation e-mail with all the search engines that we register you in . simply fill out the form at : http : / / www . ips . ch / usa / register-it . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * visit this homepages * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * in english : http : / / www . sexcatalog . ch / hotasia http : / / www . ips . ch / erotik . htm http : / / tour . teenie-sex . com / t180 / * in german : http : / / www . sexkatalog . ch http : / / www . ips . ch http : / / www . server4free . ch - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - all offers are good through 11-30 - 98 if you like to get more e-mails for us then send us a e - mail to register @ ips . ch , please ad the word register in the subject - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",1
  224,""""Subject: we tried calling you , please call ! ! ! !
   
   free internet service , no cost no monthly fees call now ! * free free * 1-800 - 395-9268 * free free * 24 hrs website submission service _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ we review your website , give you the appropriate meta tags , and submit each major page of your site to over 600 search engines , media , links , etc . . . we also send you a report ! ! ! we will get your website noticed to millions within just a short couple of weeks . . . after we submit your website to 600 search engines we will resubmit your site every month for 6 months ! * * all this for just $ 199 . 00 * * 1-800 - 395-9268 24 hrs / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / this message was composed using extractor pro bulk e - mail software . if you wish to be removed from this advertiser 's future mailings , please reply by calling our toll free 800 # , giving your email address our software will automatically block you from their future mailings . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
  """",1
  225,""""Subject: visit us in the tropics
   
   ` , , ` , , ` , , ` florida / bahamas / cancun family holiday ! ! ! ! ` , , ` , , ` , , ` you have been selected to enter for a limited time only ! family getaway for 2 adults 3 children or 4 adults ! offer now available world wide for a limited time only ! if selected you could enjoy : 1 . 4 days 3 nights in magical orlando florida , home of disney world where you will enjoy the hospitality of either the comfort suites or holiday inn . have a blast with a free family pass to watermania water park in orlando . you will also receive the orlando """""""" magic card """""""" entitling you to hundreds of dollars worth of discounts in the orlando area ! ! ! ! ! ! 2 . then enjoy 3 days 3 nighs in sunny cocoa beach florida , living it up at the hilton overlooking the atlantic ocean ! ! ! put the kids to bed early . . . . . . and enjoy 2 complimentary adult casino cruise tickets ! ! ! ! ! 3 . a complimentary alamo rental car with unlimited mileage for your stay in florida ( must carry a mjor credit card for car rental deposit ) register now to take advantage of this once in a lifetime holiday and if you qualify enjoy . . . . . . . . this special online offer ! ! ! reply within 48 hours of receipt and you will also recieve : 2 bonus mini vacations > 4 days / 3 nights in beautiful cancun , mexico at the piramides cancun beach resort ! ! > 4 days / 3 nights in nassau , grand bahamas at the marriott crystal palace resort & casino all of this for only $ 678 for 2 adults and 3 children , or 4 adults ! ! ! ! ! ! ( if you do qualify you will need to secure promotional fees on a major credit card to guarantee your travel date ) to register go to : http : / / travelking . tzo . com this is not a contest , lottery or sweepstakes . you are qualified based on demographics such as age , area you live in , etc . qualified entrants will be contacted by one of our experienced travel representatives with the full details . only one phone call per household . ( all fields must be filled completely in order to be a valid entry . this info will remain completely confidential ! ) this covers all fees except for any incidentals such as phone , food , gratuities , and hotel taxes which are paid directly to the hotel .
  """",1
  226,""""Subject: some think so ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
   
   - - adults only - - why the government does n't want you to see this ! click me
  """",1
  227,""""Subject: good luck ! ! ! !
   
   - - adults only - - the most fun you can have sitting up ! ! click here
  """",1
  228,""""Subject: this is new at 95 . 8 capitalfm
   
   do n't want to receive these e-mails ? click the following link to remove your address from our mailing list : http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - e-17 - chat to them , meet them and see them live ! - showtime in ny - pictures from the showtime teams week in new york . - make it better - your last chance to tell us how to make the site better . - new movies - a good week for great new movies . - music news - the latest news and gossip . - sportstime - live action including , arsenal v spurs and england . + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - - e-17 - chat to them , meet them and see them live ! enter now to be the lucky winner who gets to see them play live and meet them after the gig ! the band will join us for a live chat before they play on monday the 12th at 5pm , so make sure to log in to ask them all your burning questions at : http : / / capitalfm . com - showtime in new york - the showtime team are broadcasting live from new york this week and will be joined by foxy for a drivetime new york extravaganza live on friday the 13th . we have all the pictures of their adventures at : http : / / capitalfm . com - make it better - this is your last chance to tell us how to improve our site . we have received lots of great ideas and are working to improve the sites to your liking . tell us more at : http : / / capitalfm . com - new movies - with the london film festival in full swing it 's a good week for some great new movies to be released . we preview the cream of the crop so that you can pick your selection : http : / / capitalfm . com - music news - we have all the latest news and gossip at : http : / / capitalfm . com - sportstime - live action and big games . this saturday we ' ll be focusing on the premiership with live coverage of arsenal v spurs . and then get ready for england to take on the czech republic on the 18th . for the best previews , reports , pictures and live action , come to : http : / / capitalfm . com + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - advertisement cd paradise we have teamed up with cd paradise to provide you with some fantastic & exclusive offers ! special discounts are available on new items from robbie williams . . . the beautiful south . . . . placebo . . . . rem . . . . south park and many , many more ! but do n't delay , visit the site now while stocks last at : http : / / www . cdparadise . com / capitalfm + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - advertisement crusading croc prepares for christmas ! for those of you who are always stuck for christmas present ideas , fox interactive , a leading u . s . games publisher owned by 20th century fox , has just announced the launch of the highly acclaimed no . 1 playstation platform game , croc : legend of the gobbos , onto the prestigious playstation platinum range . check out fox interactive online at : http : / / www . foxinteractive . com / + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - advertisement schnapp at the chance ! it 's new . it 's fun . it 's schnapper ! sparkling cider mingling with peach flavour schnapps - an extra touch of class . but more than that , you and three friends could win tickets to the exclusive schnapper party at the capital radio caf in london . click below to find out more http : / / capitalfm . com / schnapper / + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - advertisement win a new compaq presario instant access to the internet , accelerated graphics , dolby digital surround . no , we are not talking about the latest in space technology but the new compaq presario . you can win it just by entering the competition on the capital radio website . enter the compaq competition today . . . http : / / capitalfm . com / compaqmtv /
  """",1
  229,""""Subject: your request
   
   need a new driver 's license ? too many points or other trouble ? want a license that can never be suspended or revoked ? want id for nightclubs or hotel check-in ? avoid tickets , fines , and mandatory driver 's education . protect your privacy , and hide your identity . the united nations gave you the privilege to drive freely throughout the world ! ( convention on international road traffic of september 19 , 1949 & world court decision , the hague , netherlands , january 21 , 1958 ) take advantage of your rights . order a valid international driver 's license that can never be suspended or revoked . confidentiality assured . call now ! ! ! 1-937 - 586-9313 2b4e5
  """",1
  230,""""Subject: no snow ? ! ? !
   
   to be removed from this mailing list click here congratulations ! you have been selected to enter for a limited time only ! family holiday for 2 adults and 3 children or 4 adults ! if selected you could enjoy : > > > 4 days 3 nights in magical orlando florida , home of disney world where you will enjoy the hospitality of either the comfort suites or holiday inn . have a blast with a free family pass to watermania water park in orlando . you will also receive the orlando """""""" magic card """""""" entitling you to hundreds of dollars worth of discounts in the orlando area ! ! ! ! ! ! > > > > then enjoy 3 days 3 nighs in sunny cocoa beach florida , living it up at the hilton overlooking the atlantic ocean ! ! ! put the kids to bed early . . . . . . and enjoy 2 complimentary adult casino cruise tickets ! ! ! ! ! > > > > a complimentary alamo rental car with unlimited mileage for your stay in florida ( must carry a major credit card for car rental deposit . ) register now to take advantage of this once in a lifetime holiday and if you qualify enjoy . . . . . . . . this special online offer ! ! ! 2 bonus mini vacations > 4 days / 3 nights in beautiful cancun , mexico at the piramides cancun beach resort ! ! > 4 days / 3 nights in nassau , grand bahamas at the marriott crystal palace resort & casino all of this for only $ 678 for 2 adults and 3 children , or 4 adults ! ! ! ! ! ! ( if you do qualify you will need to secure promotional fees on a major credit card to guarantee your travel date . ) register now ! ! ! click here to register ! this is not a contest , lottery , or sweepstakes . you are qualified based on demographics such as age , area you live in , etc . qualified entrants will be contacted by one of our experienced travel representatives with the full details , only one phone call per household . ( all fields must be filled out completely in order to be a valid entry . this info will remain completely confidential ! ) this covers all fees except for any incidentals such as phone , food , gratuities , and hotel taxes which are paid directly to the hotel .
  """",1
  231,""""Subject: finalists announced ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
   
   - - adults only - - i dare you ! ! click this
  """",1
  232,""""Subject: hello !
   
   to experience the hottest , hardest , female sex site on the net : click here for hot women ! or if you prefer some hot , gay male action : click here for gay men this is an unsoliscited e-mail of an adult nature . if you wish to be removed from this advertiser 's future mailings , please reply with the subject """""""" remove """""""" and this software will automatically block you from their future mailings . to experience the hottest , hardest , female sex site on the net : click here for hot women http : / / 208 . 166 . 75 . 251 / ~ greatxxx / 1 / index . html or if you prefer some hot , gay male action : click here for gay men http : / / 208 . 166 . 75 . 251 / ~ greatxxx / 2 / index . html this is an unsoliscited e-mail of an adult nature . if you wish to be removed from this advertiser 's future mailings , please reply with the subject """""""" remove """""""" and this software will automatically block you from their future mailings .
  """",1
  233,""""Subject: seasons greetings from santa !
   
   santa at onlinenow wishes you happy holidays , merry christmas and a happy , prosperous new year . onlinenow world wide directories http : / / onlinenow . net / frames /
  """",1
  234,""""Subject: requested
   
   increase your personal prestige and money earning power through an advanced university degree . eminent , non-accredited universities will award you a degree for only $ 200 . degree granted based on your present knowledge and experience . no further effort necessary on your part . just a short phone call is all that is required for a ba , ma , mba , or phd diploma in the field of your choice . for details , call 770-492 - 2925 br72
  """",1
  235,""""Subject: 
   
   increase your personal prestige and money earning power through an advanced university degree . eminent , non-accedited universities will award you a degree for only $ 200 . degree granted based on your present knowledge and expirence . no further effort necessary on your part . just a short phone call is all that is required for a ba , ma , mba , or phd diploma in the field of your choice . for details , call 770-492 - 2925
  """",1
  236,""""Subject: this is scary ! ! !
   
   thirst ! as seen on television """""""" cryptosporidium """""""" is in a neighborhood near you ! this can actually happen that is why they made a television movie about it . they want to educate the public on parasites . parasites are the # 1 silent killer ! we have to do something to protect ourselves from this terrible menace . if you did n't get to see the movie let me just briefly explain what happened and why it is important to do something about it . a very small parasite by the name of """""""" cryptosporidium """""""" , got into the cities reservoir . it contaminated their drinking water and those people who drank the water became ill and many of them died . you see parasites need a """""""" host """""""" to live and multiply . we as humans can become that host . there are many different types of parasites and there are many ways that we can contract them . here are just a few sign of parasites ; chronic fatigue , bodily aches and pains , skin problems , headaches , constipation , arthritis , gas and bloating , loss of appetite , sexual dysfunction , uncontrollable weight , itchy ears , nose and anus , premature aging , forgetfulness , menopause , and pms to mention a few . it is scary to know just how easily it is to get contaminated by a parasite . we can contract them by eating uncooked meat and fish , from vegetables , casual contact , sexual contact , swimming in lakes and streams , we can contract them from our pets and from the air we breathe . these are just a few of the ways . can you even begin to understand the potential danger we are living with each and every day ? you have two choices you can ignore them and let them eat you alive . by doing this you know your ultimate fate . you are headed toward the path of sickness , disease and possibly death . you can however , choose to do something about it now and change all that ! i know the road my family and i are taking . i only hope that you do the same ! if you choose to live a healthier , more productive life , and wish to obtain additional information on what you can do to protect yourself and your loved ones call 1-813 - 677-2217 . this message is brought to you from someone who cares may god bless you !
  """",1
  237,""""Subject: we ' re brighter , better and faster than ever !
   
   we ' re brighter , better and faster than ever ! we asked you how you thought the site could be made better - and now we ' ve gone and done it ! we hope that you find the site much quicker and easier to navigate . we are still running many exclusive and exciting competitions and events as you will see below ! breakfast competition - win a trip to thailand for two weeks and take a friend ! to celebrate our new look chris tarrant will be giving two clues to a location on wednesday the 18th and two clues on thursday the 19th . if you can figure out what places chris is talking about , then go to the site to enter the competition . you have to enter all four locations correctly in our e-mail form . if you are the lucky winner you will know on friday morning , as chris will pick the lucky winner before 9am ! but there is more ! you will also be able to see chris live as the whole breakfast show will webcast and between the hours of 8and 9am you ' ll be able to chat to chris live in the chat room ! so join us at : http : / / capitalfm . com drivetime webcast and chat - see foxy present his show and chat to him live from 5 - 5 . 30pm on wednesday the 18th . foxy is a very busy man these days with presenting not only the drivetime show but also the pepsi chart on sundays as well as on channel 5 . to find out all the inside gossip , join us at : http : / / capitalfm . com jackie chan - see him live and request a stunt ! action film hero jackie chan will be live on showtime on thursday the 19th at 7 . 30pm . you can ask him any question you want from the website and why not request that he performs a special stunt just for you ! then watch all of it live as we will be webcasting the whole event . join us for some special kung fu action at : http : / / capitalfm . com billie - chat live with billie on wednesday the 18th at 6pm ! chart topping teen sensation will be here to take all your questions and maybe dish out some advice as well . join us with the number one girl on the number one site at : http : / / capitalfm . com lutricia mcneal - join her for dinner ! she is back with a strong single for christmas . you can see the full video of on the site ! but that is not all ! you can also enter our competition to be one of a select few to have dinner with her ! for our exclusive coverage go to : http : / / capitalfm . com nell mcandrew - chat with the real lara croft on monday nov . 23 at 6pm . nell mcandrew is all action all the time in tombraider iii . to find out what is was like to be the fiercest girl around and film all around the world come ask your questions at : http : / / capitalfm . com rex the runt - watch clips of the new series from the makers of wallace and gromit before you can see it on tv ! and we have an exclusive competition where you can win one of the actual models that were used to make the series ! this and many other incredible animations can be found at : http : / / capitalfm . com in addition to all of that you can win tickets to exclusive screenings , win a part in a panto , request songs for foxys jukebox via e-mail , be part of the tv soap family affairs , win cds and cinema tickets , get the inside scoop on all the stars and much much more . for the bigger , faster , better and improved website , please go to : http : / / capitalfm . com
  """",1
  238,""""Subject: university degree programs
   
   university degree programs increase your personal prestige and money earning power through an advanced university degree . eminent , non-accredited universities will award you a degree for only $ 200 . degree granted based on your present knowledge and experience . no further effort necessary on your part . just a short phone call is all that is required for a ba , ma , mba , or phd diploma in the field of your choice . for details , call 770-492 - 2925
  """",1
  239,""""Subject: this is new at capitalfm . com
   
   do n't want to receive these e-mails ? click the following link to remove your address from our mailing list : http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - robbie williams - the lad with no regrets . - steve penk ' s capital punishment iii - listen and buy online . - winning lines - win celine dion videos . - chris tarrant live from phuket - see all the action . - stand up and laugh - we talk to all the top comics . - madonna - from material girl to earth mother . - shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - - robbie williams - the lad with no regrets . every one 's a winner ! robbie 's latest single , ' no regrets ' , looks set to be as big a hit as his previous fantastic tunes and we take a long hard look at the cheeky chappie of pop , his rollercoaster ride of stardom , and his hidden depths . it 's a must for all your robbie fans , so head over to : http : / / capitalfm . com - steve penk ' s capital punishment iii - listen and buy online . if you can't get enough of steve 's wicked wind-ups , you ' ll be pleased to hear there 's a whole new collection out now . the third volume of penky 's pranks is sure to have you cracking up with laughter , and it could be on your doorstep real soon . at capitalfm . com you can listen to some of the wind-ups and securely purchase the cd online . so head straight to : http : / / capitalfm . com - winning lines - win celine dion videos . did you guess last week 's lyrics were from robbie williams 's ' let me entertain you ' ? every week we ' ve got a few lines from a fantastic hit song and you simply have to guess which track it is . sound easy ? if you ' re right a celine dion video could be yours , so test your musical knowledge at : http : / / capitalfm . com - chris tarrant live from phuket - see all the action . ct 's broadcasting live from thailand all this week , and not only can you listen live to the fun at capitalfm . com , but we ' ll have all the behind the scenes photos so you can see it too . to see chris working hard ( no , really ! ) come on over to : http : / / capitalfm . com - stand up and laugh - we talk to all the top comics . top comics may be lured to hilarious tv quiz shows , but eventually they return to what they love best : stand-up . this week we ' ve got interviews with the best of the bunch including jack dee and frank skinner , and you could win tickets to see jeff green live on stage . all the best laughter at : http : / / capitalfm . com - madonna - material girl to earth mother . it does n't seem long since mads was a bright young newcomer to the pop scene , and since then she 's reinvented herself over and over again . as she releases the great single ' the power of goodbye ' we examine the woman who 's more maternal than materialistic , and her 8 million selling album ' ray of light ' . keep up with the style setter at : http : / / capitalfm . com - shop - all your favourite music to your doorstep . our online shop has been renovated and is sporting a smart new look , making it an even better place to browse the latest and greatest music . we ' ve also added a second floor with a whole range of goods in time for your christmas shopping - why battle with the high street crowds when you can do it all from the comfort from your own home ? for a new shopping experience come to : http : / / capitalfm . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement crusading croc prepares for christmas ! for those of you who are always stuck for christmas present ideas , fox interactive , has just announced the launch of the highly acclaimed no . 1 playstation game , croc : legend of the gobbos , onto the prestigious playstation platinum range . only a select number of games make it into this elite range which offers gamers the opportunity to purchase high profile games at the reduced price of just 19 . 99 . http : / / capitalfm . com / crocplat / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement schnapp at the chance ! it 's new . it 's fun . it 's schnapper ! sparkling cider mingling with peach flavour schnapps - an extra touch of class . but more than that , you and three friends could win tickets to the exclusive schnapper party at the capital radio caf in london . click below to find out more http : / / capitalfm . com / schnapper / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement if the only browsing you do is in the shops on a saturday . . . then take a few minutes to read about what you might be missing ! do n't miss the arrival of 3com us robotics 56k modem with v . 90 standard is a modem that 's powerful enough to access your favourite sites faster and more reliably . you want to win one ? then click the link below to find out more : http : / / capitalfm . com / 3comusrob / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement southpark kicks ass this xmas ! warning - this software contains coarse language , sick , twisted humour and scenes of violence and due to its contents should only be viewed by like-minded dudes ! http : / / capitalfm . com / southparkss / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement win a new compaq presario instant access to the internet , accelerated graphics , dolby digital surround . no , we are not talking about the latest in space technology but the new compaq presario . you can win it just by entering the competition on the capital radio website . enter the compaq competition today . . . http : / / capitalfm . com / compaqmtv / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",1
  240,""""Subject: 
   
   epac . pt , e . carnoali @ genie . com , e . carolan @ genie . com , jef @ gkb . com , ion . androutsopoulos @ ed . ac . uk , ion1 @ ix . netcom . com , e . caron1 @ genie . com , d-media @ netpathway . com , a . leung @ ed . ac . uk , ion2 @ ix . netcom . com , sanson @ mbox . nau . it , ion @ aisb . ed . ac . uk , ion @ ed . ac . uk , a . lewis @ massey . ac . nz , a . li @ bham . ac . uk , d-messner @ ti . com , d-monti @ hkstar . com , a . lieberman @ sequent . cc . hull . ac . uk , ion @ xl . cablenet . net , e . carpenter1 @ genie . com , e . carpenter3 @ genie . com , jef @ imanad . com , jef @ islandnet . com , e . carr3 @ genie . com , sansonam @ vnet . net , d-purinton @ ti . com , iona . richardson @ ed . ac . uk , jef @ sunpix . east . sun . com from : subject : adv : read carefully ! ! ! ! ! reply - to : sample @ magical316 . net x-pmflags : 10322341 . 10 x-uidl : 10293287 _ 192832 . 222 comments : authenticated sender is message - id : content-length : 6554 this message is sent in compliance with the new e-mail bill : section 301 , paragraph ( a ) ( 2 ) ( c ) of s . 1618 to view it just go to : http : / / thomas . loc . gov / cgi-bin / bdquery / z ? d105 : sn01618 : @ @ @ l briorex reports 6200 greens ln durham nc , 27713 919-484 - 8155 to be removed from this and future mailings simply reply with the remove ! briorex inc * * * * * off shore report 5599 free * * * * * * no paper trail , global visa cards regardless of credit * prestigious offshore checking accounts * international business corporations ( ibcs ) * offshore asset protection trusts * secret offshore mail drops * offshore phone answering services * offshore self-liquidating loans * offshore high yield tax free investments * offshore tax havens - no one knows * free offshore work shops * free offshore trusts * incorporate offshore . . . . completely private . * off shore investors anxious ! ! * up to 100 % financing on residential & commercial properties * bill consolidation no matter what your credit is like * lines of credit up to $ 15 , 000 regardless of your credit * secret money . . . secrecy is a thriving industry * learn how the rich and politicians get even richer using the briorex reports are two separate reports for those with credit card / credit problems , or those who know a little about off shore opportunities but do n't know how to get started . this is what you get when you order : 12 credit card secrets your bank does n't want you to know ! both visa and mastercard * no savings account * bad credit ok * * no security deposit students * welfare * ok * * no membership fees * bankruptcy ok * we guarantee that you will be approved for both visa and mastercard . you can receive both credit cards within 10 business days , via express approval and card issue . plus . . . guaranteed $ 10 , 000 instant pre-approved credit with no credit check , no security deposit , no one refused ! we absolutely guarantee you ' ll receive 3 to 5 new credit cards with credit lines totaling $ 10 , 000 ! you ' ll receive our exclusive list of 5 """""""" secret """""""" sources that you can obtain instant credit from . with our program you will receive a pre-approved $ 2500 credit card application . there is absolutely no credit check and no security deposit . no one will be turned down . erase bad credit ! establish a - 1 credit in less than 6 months ! 100 % legal , and 100 % bulletproof protection against liens , levies , judgements , and divorce . international credit cards 100 % acceptance guaranteed ! a social security number is not required , and there are no credit checks or income restrictions . only proof of identification is required . our international bank offers visa gold ( r ) , visa classic ( r ) , and mastercard ( r ) credit cards . could you use a bank account , without the need for a banking reference to open the account ? you can open the account instantly from an on - line application form . no banking references or notarization needed private bank accounts without banking references or demanding of notarization . instant account in 10 seconds for immediate use . learn how to get copies of your : 3 credit reports fbi records disclosure form mailing list removal letter motor vehicle records social security records medical records education records employment records find out how anyone can have a new credit file instantly overnight ! this is the very same credit secrets that celebrities use ! it works with bankruptcies , fbi ( dui ) and judgments ! it 's legal and best of all , the process is free ! if you or someone you know has had credit problems in the past - no matter how bad , this information is vital . these are the secrets that the credit bureaus don ' t want revealed ! learn how to use the credit bureaus to get a totally new-clean credit file . add aaa credit within weeks to your new or existing file that any bank or lender would drool over ! ( this secret alone is worth the price ! ) get credit cards , buy a car , buy a house ! learn the words that will stop collection agencies cold ! legal ways to get the bill collectors off your backs . discover how to obtain an $ 800 loan by mail . . . interest free raise $ 20 , 000 or more in 24 hours learn your consumer rights and consumer credit reporting agencies get any credit card you want . win the credit card game . how to get a visa / mastercard with no credit check learn the starting truth about how credit decisions are made . learn the secrets on obtaining credit cards , bank loans , and mortgages . how to obtain a free copy of your credit report from the major bureaus . understand how credit information is placed on your report . . . and how frequently errors occur . learn how to include your side of the story in your credit report so that your potential creditors understand how and why blemishes appear on your report . a simple way to turn an initial $ 300 investment into multiple , desirable credit references that will have credit managers banging down your door trying to loan you money . learn about a complete range of offshore banking facilities : no id / no reference electronically managed accounts , anonymous numbered accounts , tax-free investment and multi-currency coded accounts , debit and credit cards . providing knowledge , freedom , privacy , security and alternatives : alternative id cards , second passport programs and citizenship , camouflage passports , press passes , international driver permits , university degrees , nobility titles , and more . . . offshore retirement plans commercial asset protection estate planning tax planning primary goal can have a number of component objectives , including the ability to : minimize risk of loss create artificial poverty establish asset anonymity prevent future lawsuits create incentives for dispute settlement make work for any opponent increase litigation odds in your favor protect your economic and social lifestyle maintain planning flexibility preserve financial security secure privacy keep peace of mind 2nd passport programs & citizenship instant citizenship camouflage passports alternative id cardsinternational driver permits genuine press passes university degrees we could easily ask $ 100 . 00 or more for these complete valuable information reports and be flooded with orders . however , we want to keep our prices affordable for you . so we are offering these invaluable reports including your free $ 50 . 00 off shore report for only $ 25 . 00 . that 's it . if you want to learn more or place an order just visit us at : http : / / www . magical316 . com
  """",1
  241,""""Subject: just in time ! ! extra money for christmas
   
   you can earn $ 50 , 000 or more in the next 90 days sending e-mail , seem impossible ? read on for details . """""""" as seen on national t . v . ! ! thank you for your time and interest . this is the letter you ' ve been reading about in the news lately . due to the popularity of this letter on the internet , a major nightly news program recently devoted an entire show to the investigation of the program described below to see if it really can make people money . the show also investigated whether or not the program was legal . their findings proved , once and for all , that there are absolutely no laws prohibiting the participation in the program . this has helped to show people that this is a simple , harmless and fun way to make some extra money at home . the results of this show has been truly remarkable . so many people are participating that those involved are doing , much better than ever before . since everyone makes more as more people try it out , its been very exciting to be a part of it lately . you will understand once you experience it . """""""" here it is below """""""" = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = * * * print this now for future reference * * * the following income opportunity is one you may be interested in taking a look at . it can be started with very little investment and the income return is tremendous ! ! ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ if you would like to make at least $ 50 , 000 in less than 90 days ! please read the enclosed program . . . then read it again ! ! ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legitimate , legal , money making opportunity . it does not require you to come into contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house except to get the mail . if you believe that someday you ' ll get that big break that you ' ve been waiting for , this is it ! simply follow the instructions , and your dreams will come true . this multi-level e-mail order marketing program works perfectly 100 % every time . e - mail is the sales tool of the future . take advantage of this non-commercialized method of advertising now ! ! ! the longer you wait , the more people will be doing business using e - mail . get your piece of this action ! ! ! multi-level marketing ( mlm ) has finally gained respectability . it is being taught in the harvard business school , and both stanford research and the wall street journal have stated that between 50 % and 65 % of all goods and services will be sold through multi-level methods by the mid to late 1990 's . this is a multi - billion dollar industry and of the 500 , 000 millionaires in the u . s . , 20 % ( 100 , 000 ) made their fortune in the last several years in mlm . moreover , statistics show 45 people become millionaires everyday through multi - level marketing . you may have heard this story before , but over the summer donald trump made an appearance on the david letterman show . dave asked him what he would do if he lost everything and had to start over from scratch . without hesitating , trump said he would find a good network marketing company and get to work . the audience started to hoot and boo him . he looked out at the audience and dead-panned his response """""""" that 's why i ' m sitting up here and you are all sitting out there ! """""""" the enclosed information is something i almost slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . my name is johnathon rourke . two years ago , the corporation i worked at for the past twelve years down-sized and my position was eliminated . after unproductive job interviews , i decided to open my own business . over the past year , i incurred many unforeseen financial problems . i owed my family , friends and creditors over $ 35 , 000 . the economy was taking a toll on my business and i just could n't seem to make ends meet . i had to refinance and borrow against my home to support my family and struggling business . at that moment something significant happened in my life and i am writing to share the experience in hopes that this will change your life forever financially ! ! ! in mid december , i received this program via e-mail . six month 's prior to receiving this program i had been sending away for information on various business opportunities . all of the programs i received , in my opinion , were not cost effective . they were either too difficult for me to comprehend or the initial investment was too much for me to risk to see if they would work or not . one claimed that i would make a million dollars in one year , it did n't tell me i 'd have to write a book to make it ! but like i was saying , in december of 1997 1 received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off a mailing list . thank goodness for that ! ! ! after reading it several times , to make sure i was reading it correctly , i could n't believe my eyes . here was a money making phenomenon . i could invest as much as i wanted to start , without putting me further into debt . after i got a pencil and paper and figured it out , i would at least get my money back . but like most of you i was still a little skeptical and a little worried about the legal aspects of it all . so i checked it out with the u . s . post office ( 1-800 - 725-2161 24 - hrs ) and they confirmed that it is indeed legal ! after determining the program was legal and not a chain letter , i decided """""""" why not . """""""" initially i sent out 10 , 000 e-mails . it cost me about $ 15 for my time on-line . the great thing about e-mail is that i do n't need any money for printing to send out the program , and because all of my orders are fulfilled via e-mail , my only expense is my time . i am telling you like it is , i hope it does n't turn you off , but i promised myself that i would not """""""" rip-off """""""" anyone , no matter how much money it cost me . in less than one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by january 13 , 1 had received 26 orders for report # 1 . your goal is to """""""" receive at least 20 orders for report # 1 within 2 weeks . if you don ' t , send out more programs until you do ! """""""" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in . 90 days was done . by january 30 , 1 had received 196 orders for report # 2 . your goal is to """""""" receive at least 100 + orders for report # 2 within 2 weeks . if not , send out more programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goa . l . """""""" well , i had 196 orders for report # 2 , 96 more than i needed . so i sat back and relaxed . by march 1 , of my e-mailing of 10 , 000 , 1 received $ 58 , 000 with more coming in every day . i paid off all my debts and bought a much needed new car . please take time to read the attached program , it will change your life forever ! ! ! remember , it won't work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place . it won't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! in order for this program to work , you must meet your goal of 20 + orders for report # 1 , and 100 + orders for report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or more in 90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i am sorry . it really is a great opportunity with little cost or risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to financial security . if you are a fellow business owner and are in financial trouble like i was , or you want to start your own business , consider this a sign . i did ! sincerely , johnathon rourke a personal note from the originator of this program : by the time you have read the enclosed program and reports , you should have concluded that such a program , and one that is legal , could not have been created by an amateur . let me tell you a little about myself . i had a profitable business for 10 years . then in 1979 my business began falling off . i was doing the same things that were previously successful for me , but it was n't working . the economy , inflation and recession had replaced the stable economy that had been with us since 1945 . 1 do n't have to tell you what happened to the unemployment rate because many of you know from first hand experience . there were more failures and bankruptcies than ever before . the middle class was vanishing . those who knew what they were doing invested wisely and moved up . those who did not , including those who never had anything to save or invest , were moving down into the ranks of the poor . as the saying goes , """""""" the rich get richer and the poor get poorer . """""""" the traditional methods of making money will never allow you to """""""" move up """""""" or """""""" get rich """""""" , inflation will see to that . you have just received information that can give you financial freedom for the rest of your life , with """""""" no risk """""""" and """""""" just a little bit of effort . """""""" you can make more money in the next few months than you have ever imagined . i should also point out that i will not see a penny of this money , nor anyone else who has provided a testimonial for this program . i have already made over 4 million dollars ! i have retired from the program after sending thousands and thousands of programs . follow the program exactly as instructed . do not change it in any way . it works exceedingly well as it is now . remember to e - mail a copy of this exciting report to everyone you can think of . one of the people you send this to may send out 50 , 000 and your name will be on everyone of them ! remember though , the more you send out the more potential customers you will reach . so my friend , i have given you the ideas , information , materials and opportunity to become financially independent , it is up to you now ! """""""" think about it """""""" before you delete this program from your mailbox , as i almost did , take a little time to read it and really think a-bout it . get a pencil and figure out what could happen when you participate . figure out the worst possible response and no matter how you calculate it , you will still make a lot of money ! you will definitely get back what you invested . any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . it works ! jody jacobs , richmond , va here ' s how this amazing program will make you thousands of dollar $ instructions : this method of raising capital really works 100 % every time . i am sure that you could use up to $ 50 , 000 or more in the next 90 days . before you say """""""" bull """""""" , please read this program carefully . this is not a chain letter , but a perfectly legal money making opportunity . basically , this is what you do : as with all multi-level businesses , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the usa allows you to recruit new multi-level business partners , and we offer a product for every dollar sent . your orders come by mail and are filled by e-mail , so you are not involved in personal selling . you do it privately in your own home , store or office . this is the greatest multi - level mail order marketing anywhere : this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if you do n't order them ) . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your name & return address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose name appears on the list next to the report . make sure your return address is on your envelope in case of any mail problems ! * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save them on your computer and resell them . * within a few days you will receive , via e-mail , each of the four reports . save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next to each report , or their seqience on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in steps """""""" a """""""" through """""""" f """""""" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , take this advertisement and remove the name and address under report # 4 . this person has made it through the cycle and is no doubt counting their $ 50 , 000 ! c . move the name and address under report # 3 down to report # 4 . d . move the name and address under report # 2 down to report # 3 . e . move the name and address under report # 1 down to report # 2 . f . insert your name / address in the report # 1 position . please make sure you copy every name and address accurately ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this letter . your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e - mail is free ! there are two primary methods of building your downline : method # 1 : sending bulk e-mail let 's say that you decide to start small , just to see how it goes and we ' ll assume you and all those involved send out only 2 , 000 programs each . let 's also assume that the mailing receives a 0 . 5 % response . using a good list the response could be much better . also , many people will send out hundreds of thousands of programs instead of 2 , 000 . but continuing with this example , you send out only 2 , 000 programs . with a 0 . 5 % response , that is only 10 orders for report # 1 . those 10 people respond by sending out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 20 , 000 . out of those 0 . 5 % , 100 people respond and order report # 2 . those 100 mail out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 200 , 000 . the 0 . 5 % response to that is 1 , 000 orders for report # 3 . those 1 , 000 send out 2 , 000 programs each for a 2 , 000 , 000 total . the 0 . 5 % response to that is 10 , 000 orders for report # 4 . that 's 10 , 000 $ 5 bills for you . cash ! ! ! your total income in this example is $ 50 + $ 500 + $ 5 , 000 + $ 50 , 000 for a total of $ 55 , 550 ! ! ! remember friend , this is assuming 1 , 99q out of the 2 , 000 people you mail to will do absolutely nothing and trash this program ! dare to think for a moment what would hpppen if everyone , or half sent out 100 , 000 programs instead of 2 , 000 . believe me , many people will do just that , and more ! by the way , your cost to participate in this is practically nothing . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 2 will show you the best methods for bulk e-mailing , tell you where to obtain free bulk e-mail software and where to obtain e - mail lists . method # 2 - placing free ads on the internet advertising on the ' net is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get only 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) assuming that everyone else in your organization gets only 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . ist level - - your 10 members with $ 5 - - $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . $ 50 , 000 this totals - - - - - - - - - - - - $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think about it ! for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must dc , is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! available reports * * * order each report by number and name - 1 - - * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash ( u . s . currency ) for each report cheques not accepted - always send your order via first class mail - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets of paper . on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and ( c ) your name & postal address . place your order for these reports now : report # 1 """""""" the insider 's guide to advertising for free on the internet """""""" order report # 1 from : crossroads enterprises 5507-10 nesconset hwy . # 317 mt . siani , ny . 11766 report # 2 """""""" the insider 's guide to sending bulk e - mail on the internet """""""" order report # 2 from : laura waite rfd1 box 798 campton , nh . 03223 report # 3 """""""" the secrets to multilevel marketing on the internet """""""" order report 43 from : philip webster 1011 second st . port orange , fl . 32119 report # 4 """""""" how to become a millionaire utilizing the power of multilevel marketing and the internet """""""" order report # 4 from : patricia arnold 174 windward ct . s . port jefferson , ny . 11777 about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the directions accurately . * * * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report . always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , your results will be successful ! above all , have faith in yourself and know you wilt , succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guidelines * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising or sending e-mails until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising or sending e-mails until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e - mails or continue placing ads and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! before you make your decision as to whether or not you participate in this program . please answer one question . do you want to change your life ? if the answer is yes , please look at the following facts about this program : 1 . you are selling a product which does not cost anything to produce , ship or advertise . 2 . all of your customers pay you in cash ! 3 . e - mail is without question the most powerful method of distributing information on earth . this program combines the distribution power of e-mail together with the revenue generating power of multi-level marketing . 4 . your only expenses other than your initial $ 20 investment is your time ! 5 . virtually all of the income you generate from this program is pure profit ! 6 . this program will change your life forever . * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 19 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i surprised when i found my medium-size post office box crammed with orders ! for a while , it got so overloaded that i had to start picking up my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't matter where in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi . i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to contact to get another copy , so i had to wait until i was e-mailed another program . . . 11 months passed then it came . . . i did n't delete this one ! . . . i made more than $ 41 , 000 on the first try ! ! d . wilburn , muncie , in this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa i am nearing the $ 90 , 000 mark from this program . i have used several forms of advertisement . i used regular mail and bulk email . the regular mail was very expensive for 2 reasons . i purchased a very select list names , and the postage . the 3rd time i sent out e - mails , in the quantity of 700 , 000 . so , after 3 times participating in this program , i am almost at the $ 90 , 000 mark . that is n't too bad . i hope the same success for you . good luck . . . . raymond mccormick , new cannan , ct . you have great potential for extra earnings that is available at your finger-tips ! you have unlimited access to wealth , but you must be willing to take that first step ! the media already proved that ! ! ! ! ! ! you could be making an obscene amount of money ! i have given you the information , materials , and opportunity to become financially better off . it is up to you now ! - think about it - your risk is only $ 20 . ? how much do you spend on lotto tickets - for no return ? ? ? order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! ! !
  """",1
  242,""""Subject: re : check this out !
   
   dear friend , greetings ! hopefully my name is on the list below . i am a retired attorney , and about two years ago a man came to me with a letter . the letter he brought me is basically the same letter you havve in your hands . he asked me to verify that this letter was legal . i told him i would review it and get back to him . when i first read the letter i thought it was some off the wall idea to make money . a week and a half later we met in my offic to discuss the issue . i told him the letter he brought me was not 100 % legal and advised him to make a small change so it would be . i was still curious about the letter and he told me how it works . i thought it was a longshot so i decided against participation , but before my client left i asked him to keep me updated as to his results . about two months later , he called me to tell me he had received over $ 800 , 000 in cash ! i did n't believe him , so he suggested i try his idea to find out for myself . i thought about it for a couple of weeks and decided i had nothing to lose . i asked him for a copy of the letter and followed the instructions exactly , mailed out 200 copies and sure enough , the money started arriving ! it came slowly at first but after three weeks i was getting more mail than i could open in a day ! after about three months the money stopped coming . i kept a precise copy of my earnings and at the end of the three months they totaled $ 968 , 493 ! i was earning a good living as a lawyer , but as anyone in the legal profession will tell you , there is a lot of stress that comes with the job . i decided to try the letter again but this time sent out 500 letters . well , three months later , my earnings totaled $ 2 , 344 , 178 ! i just could not believe it , i met with my old client for lunch to find out how it worked . what made this one different from others were that there are six names on the list , not five like most others . that fact alone results in your name being on far more returns . the other factor was the help i gave him in ensuring the whole thing was legal , since nobody wants to risk doing something illegal . i ' ll bet by now you are curious to know what little change i told him to make . well , if you send a letter like this out , to make it legal you must actually sell something if you expect to receive something in return . so , when you send a dollar to each of the six people on the list , you must include a slip of paper with the words , """""""" please put me on your mailing list """""""" and enclose your mailing address . you need not include your name . this is the legal key to this program ! the item you received for the dollar you send the six names below is this letter and the right to earn thousands ! follow the simple instructions below exactly , and in three months you should receive over $ 800 , 000 ! ! ! $ 800 , 000 in less than 90 days ! ! ! guaranteed ! ! here is the business capital you need ! act now and be finacially solvent by the year 1999 ! ! this is a method of raising capital that really works every time , 100 percent . i ' m sure you could use the money in the next 20 to 90 day . s please study this carfully . this is not a chain letter ! this is a perfectly legal money making opportunity that will cost you a couple of rolls of stamps , a mailing list and six bucks . follow these instructions exactly and you will receive $ 800 , 000 in cash from business minded individuals just like yourself . 1 . immediately send $ 1 . 00 to each of the names below , and a note requesting you be added to their mailing lists . it is this important step that makes the system legal 2 . omit the name in the number 1 position and move each of the other names up one place ( number 2 becomes number 1 , number 3 becomes number 2 , 4 becomes number 3 etc . ) put your own name and address in the sixth position ( an easy way to do this is to type the six names , with your own name as number six , on a separate sheet of paper and tape over the area where the names are printed . ) 3 . print out 200 copies of these pages with the new list of names that you have created . your name now in the sixth position , in place of the current list of names . 4 . purchase a mailing list from the dataline co . or any other mail list sellers . most names list sell 200 names for only $ 26 . 00 . the best part is that the list of names come on self-adhesive labels that easily peel and stick to the envelope . just call 1-800 - 497-2912 . * * * mailing lists are also available from list associates at 1-888 - 359-2621 or mailing lists at 954-742 - 9519 . or check on the internet for other mail brokers . 5 . while waiting for the mailing list to arrive , place each of your 200 copies into business sized envelopes and seal them . go to the post office and purchase 200 . 32 cent stamps and place them on the envelopes . do not put your return address on the envelopes . . . this will peak the curiosity of the recipient . 6 . once your list arrives , place an address label on each of the 200 envelopes and drop them in the mailbox . within 20 to 90 days you will recieve over $ 800 , 000 in cash - and its all yours ! now comes the interesting part . . that 's with only a 7 . 5 % response rate ( which is very conservative . it 's more than possible to reach the amount every time ! ) the first time i participated my response rate was 9 . 5 % . my second was over 11 % 7 . keep this letter so you can use it as many times as you wish . using the addresses that people send you can raise the response rate because they also wish to conitine receiving more capital . * * this system was made for the purpose of accumulating capital fast and honestly . once again , this is not a chain letter , but perfectly legal ( refer to title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 of the united states postal and lottery laws ) . when you send out 200 copies of this letter , each responsive individual sends out 200 copies and send you $ 1 . 00 , thereby multiplying your fortune very rapidly ! examine the chart of how this system is the best in america for raising capital ! ! ! * * you mail 200 letters , multiply that by 7 . 5 % return rate = 15 people + $ 15 * * 15 people mail out 200 letters x 7 . 5 % = 225 people = $ 225 * * 225 people mail out 200 letters x 7 . 5 % = 3375 people = $ 3375 * * 3375 people mail out 200 letters x 7 . 5 % = 50 , 625 people = $ 50 , 625 * * 50 , 625 people mail 200 letters x 7 . 5 % = 759 , 375 people = $ 759 , 375 * * * at this point your name drops off the list , but so far you ' ve received $ 813 , 615 ! ! ! * be sure to mail $ 1 . 00 to each of teh six names on the list * 1 . john salinas 100 deseret dr . , pasco , wa 99301 2 . elizabeth potts 7714 west jenan dr , peoria , az 85345 3 . lavonda walton 4005 parkway apt . # 11 , temple hills , md 20748 4 . murry mcneal 316 rachels trail , st . peters , mo 63376 5 . joseph swenson 544 1 / 2 7th ave w . , kalispell , mt 59901 6 . suzy krogman po box 802167 , santa clarita , ca 91380 this system is guaranteed to work 100 percent of the time in raising capital , but , if you remove any other name aside from the one in the number one position , you will not be covered by the title 18 in the u . s . postal law . the best part about this is you won't be hurting anyone . it will take only about $ 100 to participate . it is legal , so make money honestly and start today !
  """",1
  243,""""Subject: re : how 's it going ?
   
   keep reading to find out how you can . . . send out a bulk email advertisement for your business or web site to over 25 , 000 , 000 people on the internet for free ! you may shudder at the thought of bulk email . . but the simple truth is . . bulk email works ! if bulk email did n't work , then you wouldn ' t be reading this ! thousands of companies are sending out bulk email to dramatically maximize their profits ! why are n't you ? = = = > even fortune 500 companies send out bulk email to millions = = = > of people every single day for free ! ! with bulk email , you are reaching up to 250 , 000 people per day for free with an advertisement for your business or web page ! = > magma , a small computer board manufacturer made over $ 30 , 000 in new business by sending out to just 3 , 000 email addresses ! = > power promotions , an internet marketing company , claims to be making over $ 500 , 000 every single year in bulk email alone ! = > sanford wallace , founder of cyber promotions , told the world in an interview that his company is making over $ 1 , 000 , 000 every year through bulk email ! ! * * * * your competition is making a fortune with bulk email . . . * * * * why are n't you ? regardless of what you are selling . . . when you are promoting your business or web site to over 250 , 000 people every single day , there is no question that your business will dramatically improve ! = > if only 1 out of every 10 , 000 people order from your free bulk email advertisement , you will have 25 orders per day ! how much profit is this for you ? with bulk email , there is no advertising cost involved ! everything you sell is 100 % pure profit ! * * when you receive a bulk email advertisement , do you realize . . = > > millions of people all over the world received that same = > > bulk email advertisement ? ? the individual that sent out the = > > bulk email probably made a fortune from it ! * bulk email is free advertising to the masses ! there is no form of advertising that even comes close ! """""""" many business people are finding out that they can now advertise in ways that they never could have afforded in the past . the cost of sending mass e-mail is extremely low , and the response rate is high and quick . """""""" - usa today = = > why aren ' t - > you * * * comparison of bulk email vs conventional forms of advertising a bulk mailing to 50 , 000 , 000 people through the postal service will cost you about $ 25 , 000 , 000 . = > a web site banner advertisement to 50 , 000 , 000 people on the internet will cost you about $ 5 , 000 , 000 . = > a bulk emailing to 50 , 000 , 000 people on the internet will cost you nothing . bulk email is 100 % free ! do you have a web site ? if so , you probably spend hundreds of dollars and hours submitting your web site to : * newsgroups * search engines * online classifieds * banner advertising and still , you only receive a few hundred hits per day . . . a ) our web site opened on june 23rd , 1997 b ) we sent out a bulk email advertisement for our web site to 200 , 000 people that same day . c ) by the next morning , our counter indicated that we had received 12 , 763 hits in less than 24 hours ! you can expect the same , if not better results when advertising your web site to millions of people through bulk email for free ! * it is not uncommon to receive over 50 , 000 hits per day to your web site just by advertising through bulk email ! our web site is : = > not on any newsgroups = > not on any search engines = > not on any online classifieds = > not on any banner advertisements in fact , our web site is listed no where on the internet ! yet , we continue to receive over 20 , 000 hits every single day , simply by sending out bulk email for free ! * * do people actually buy anything from the internet ? a recent survey by survey net on the purchasing habits of internet users , indicates that : = > 50 % of people have purchased something from the internet = > 40 % of people have made several purchases from the internet = > 80 % of people like the idea of shopping on a computer = > 50 % of online purchases are computer / information related = > 20 % of people have purchased from the internet for the reason : """""""" i came across it and i liked it , so i bought it . """""""" now that you have seen how bulk email can dramatically maximize your business profits , you may be wondering . . . = > > how do i send out bulk email ? ? here at neuport internet marketing , we have created a simple to use , top of the line bulk email package , which contains everything you will ever need to send out bulk email to millions of people on the internet at the rate of up to 250 , 000 people per day for free ! our easy to follow , """""""" step by step """""""" bulk email instructions will guide you through the entire process of sending out bulk email to millions of people on the internet for free within minutes ! our bulk email software allows you to target your bulk email audience to an exact match , with over 25 , 000 different categories to choose from ! = = > country , city , hobbies , interests , employment , you name it , = = > you can target it ! * * want fresh , new , targeted email addresses ? with our bulk email package , we include all of the software you will ever need to extract over 500 , 000 targeted email addresses every single day from over 20 , 000 , 000 web sites and over 30 , 000 newsgroups worldwide ! ! * * post an advertisement to over 30 , 000 newsgroups for free ! ! our newsgroup bulk advertising software allows you to post a free advertisement for your business or web site to over 30 , 000 newsgroups each with a readership of up to 100 , 000 people each ! ! * * anyone with a computer can send out bulk email ! if you have a windows 3 . 0 + , 95 or nt based pc or a mac with softwindows and 5mb of disk space , then you have everything you will ever need to send out bulk email to over 50 , 000 , 000 people on the internet at the rate of up to 250 , 000 people per day for free ! all of our bulk email software runs in the background of windows ! while your bulk email is being sent out at the rate of up to 15 , 000 per hour , you will be able to continue using your computer with virtually no slow down ! ! * * readers will have no idea your advertisement is bulk email ! all bulk email you send out using our bulk email software will appear personalized with the recipients first name for each and every individual that receives it ! ( dear john , dear mary , etc . . ) the reader will have no idea that the same message they received from you , has been sent to millions and millions of people all over the world ! * * what will my internet provider think about bulk email ? you can send out bulk email using any internet service provider in the world ! ! our bulk email software allows you to send out bulk email to over 50 , 000 , 000 people on the internet at the rate of up to 250 , 000 people per day for free with little fear of ever losing your internet account ! thanks to our stealth encoding bulk email software , your email address will be automatically removed from the headers of all bulk email that you send out ! your internet provider will have practically no idea that you are sending out bulk email to millions and millions of people all over the world at the rate of up to 250 , 000 people per day for free ! you will never have to worry about receiving a single complaint from any and all of the bulk email that you send out ! our bulk email software automatically filters out and removes any and all complaints that you may receive ! and yes , bulk email is 100 % legal ! ! = > bulk email is unlike any other form of advertising ! with bulk email , you can expect a huge amount of orders within minutes of sending out your first bulk email advertisement ! * according to a recent find / svp survey , 41 % of people check their email daily ! with bulk email , we are talking instant orders ! - > if you send out an advertisement for your business or web page - > to 1 , 000 , 000 people and just 1 out of 10 , 000 people order , you - > will have 100 orders ! how much profit is this for you ? with bulk email you are reaching millions and millions of people for free at the rate of up to 250 , 000 people per day ! when you are reaching this many people , regardless of what you are selling , everything you sell is 100 % profit and you will succeed ! * * * neuport internet marketing presents : the bulk email package = > bulk email software with our bulk email software , you will have the ability to send out a personalized bulk email advertisement to over 50 , 000 , 000 people on the internet at the rate of up to 250 , 000 people per day for free ! = > newsgroup email extractor software : using our newsgroup email extractor software , you will have the ability to extract over 500 , 000 targeted email addresses every single day , from over 30 , 000 newsgroups each with a readership of up to 10 , 000 people each ! ! = > web email extractor software : using our web email extractor software , you will have the ability to extract millions of highly targeted email addresses from over 20 , 000 , 000 web sites worldwide ! ! = > newsgroup bulk advertising software : with our newsgroup bulk advertising software , with a click of the mouse , an advertisement for your business or web page will be posted free to over 30 , 000 newsgroups , each with a readership of up to 100 , 000 people each ! ! = > bulk email reader software : our bulk email reader software makes reading and responding to bulk email , simple and easy ! = > step by step bulk email instructions : we include simple , easy to follow , step by step instructions , which will guide you through the entire process of sending out bulk email to over 50 , 000 , 000 people on the internet for free ! even if you have never used a computer before , these instructions make sending out bulk email as easy as 1 - 2 - 3 ! = > the bulk email handbook : this book tells you everything that you ever wanted to know about bulk email ! you will learn how to write a successful bulk email marketing letter , how to handle the hundreds of orders you will be receiving from your bulk email , what sells best via bulk email , etc . . this book is a necessity for anyone involved in bulk email ! = > resale rights to 280 bulk email money making reports : you will be given the lifetime resale rights to reproduce , sell and distribute these amazing money making reports via bulk email at any price you wish ! = > unlimited customer & technical support : if you ever have any questions regarding our bulk email package , we have unlimited customer and technical support to assist you with any and all bulk email questions you may have ! our # 1 goal is customer satisfaction ! * * * * * you will receive everything above for only : $ 295 . 00 ! ! but wait ! if you order by sunday , december 14th , as a christmas special , we will temporarily slash the price of our bulk email package for a limited time to only $ 129 . 00 ! ! and if you order right now , we will throw in over 35 , 000 , 000 of the newest and freshest email addresses , which can be used in your bulk emailings , absolutely free ! ( $ 399 . 00 value ) we are so absolutely confident that our bulk email package will dramatically mazimize your business profits , that we are giving you 30 days to try out our bulk email package for free ! ! if your business does not increase by a minimum of 300 % within 30 days of purchasing our bulk email package , just email us and we will send you a full refund , no questions asked ! this is your only chance that you will ever have to ever try out bulk email for free ! we are the only bulk email company in the world which offers such an amazing risk free money back guarantee ! there are only a few more days until christmas ! now is the time to advertise ! ! billions of people all over the world are looking to spend massive amounts of money on christmas gifts ! ! * * * now is the time to dramatically maximize your profits ! ! we guarantee you will be sending out bulk email within 1 hour of ordering our bulk email package ! """""""" i have been able to make $ 3175 by promoting my company through direct email . this is only from sending out to about 12 , 000 people and selling a product which costs $ 25 . this is more than i had expected . """""""" = = richard schott - pasadena , ca """""""" within 10 days i was able to collect over 100 , 000 email addresses and make a profit of $ 4 , 000 . """""""" = = matt allen - omaha , ne """""""" i recently started a new business online . i stripped the email addresses of the aol and cis classifieds , i sent out 3 , 407 e-mail letters and got over 400 people to join my company in 5 days ! """""""" = = david sheenham - dallas , tx * * * bulk email package easy ordering instructions : you can order the bulk email package by credit card right now by calling us at : ( 707 ) 588-8895 once we receive your order , we will email you our web site url , which contains our entire bulk email package available for download ! you are guaranteed to be ready to send out bulk email using our bulk email package in under 1 hour of ordering ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if you would like to pay by us cash , cashier 's check , credit card , us money order , us personal check , or us bank draft by postal mail or fax , an ordering form is located below : * * please print out this form , fill in the blanks and send it * * along with payment of u . s . $ 129 . 00 to : neuport internet marketing 6585e commerce blvd suite # 281 rohnert park , ca 94928 united states of america company name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip / postal code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - > if you would like to pay by credit card , please fill in the following blanks : credit card type ( amex not accepted ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ credit card number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ if you would like to order by fax with your credit card as payment , please print out this ordering form , fill in all of the blanks and fax this ordering form to : ( 707 ) 588-8868 note : if you send payment via postal mail , to receive the $ 129 . 00 price for our bulk email package , your order must be postmarked by monday , december 15th . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * this is a one-time mailing . you will not be emailed again . * * * * * * your email address will never be sold to anyone .
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  244,""""Subject: best kept """""""" secrets """""""" finally exposedwhat computer stores do n't want you to know is that a well made ,
   
   state of the art computer , does n't have to be expensive . you can have a new , powerful , intel pentium computer directly from us , built with all quality components at the lowest possible prices in years . unbelievable , but true ! imagine , $ 1247 for a 233 mhz mmx pentium computer with mmx = 20 technology ! the perfect computer for home , school or business use . but buckle up , because this computer absolutely flies ! it features an = intel = 20 pentium processor matched with the latest """""""" tx """""""" intel chipset motherboard for performance that is nothing short of spectacular . please note this computer is absolutely brand new ( not = refurbished ) = 20 and they feature intel pentium processors exclusively ( not cheap substitutes like amd or cyrix ) . our computers have more memory , more power , and more speed for your money . they come loaded with : * 20 speed cd - rom * 33 . 6 fax / modem for fast internet access * a large , fast 2 . 1 gb hard drive * 16 mb of ram * 512 kb pipeline burst cache * top quality motherboard with intel tx chipset ( very important ) = = 20 * 64 bit mpeg video with 2 mb ram * 3d sound with 80 watt speakers * 104 key windows 95 keyboard and mouse * windows 95 cd installed = 20 = 20 want 32 mb ram for intense demanding jobs ? add $ 49 . need a larger hard drive ? upgrade to a 4 . 3 gb for only $ 49 want a 24 speed cd - rom ? add $ 25 upgrade to a 56k fax / modem for only $ 25 add iomega 100mb zip drive for only $ 97 a low price without quality does n't mean much ! ! ! does it ? that 's why we design and manufacture our computers to last well into the next century . we do n't skimp on anything . we build our computers for you carefully , one at a time ( a far cry from the assembly line mentality = of : slap it together and hope it works ) . we test each and every computer for at least 72 hours , so they work flawlessly right out of the box . no large company can afford to do that . nor are they willing to ! consider a reader 's survey by pc world magazine in the june ' 97 issue . = 20 they found more than half of their readers experienced problems with = 20 brand name computers they recently bought . they titled the article , = 20 """""""" when bad pcs happen to good people . """""""" the conclusion is obvious : dealing = with a large company does n't assure you of getting a dependable = computer . you are not just a number to us . the technician who builds your computer , custom configures it exactly how you want it - just right for you . he even knows your name since it gets programmed into the computer when he optimizes it for speed and performance . and you ' ll know his name too , because he signs his name to your computer . this guarantees it has been built to the best of his ability and ready for your computing pleasure . there is nothing for you to do except plug it in and turn it on . that 's all ! remember , our computers work flawlessly right out of = the box . p . s . special bonus if you order now ! brand new 15 """""""" monitor for only $ 197 = or a 17 """""""" moniter for only $ 397 , your choice with the purchase of = any computer . = 20 we selected these amazingly sharp and clear . 28 svga monitors = as the perfect = 20 match for your new computer . they have a full three year = warranty . let us build the best for you - for less . = 20 call computer physician , inc . today for details at ( 215 ) 836 - 0293 = 20 business hours are 7am - 10pm est 7 days a week if you would prefer not to recieve future e - mails , please join our = 20 unsubscribe list by e - mailing us at woody @ mail-man . net include as the body of your e - mail - remove your _ e - mail _ address ( c ) copyright 1997 computer physician , inc . all rights reserved .
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  245,""""Subject: free live video sex
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * attention video sex lovers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * never pay for video sex ever again . brand new totally free live video = sex website . come check out unlimited live video sex channels ! www . cum - 2 - me-baby . com
  """",1
  246,""""Subject: domani
   
   new improved with free software , free bulk e mail system , free web site = to do what you wish , ongoing support ( optional ) , and a lot more ! all = included . . . . . . . . . . . this is a one time mailing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ $ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ = \ \ \ \ \ you are about to make at least $ 50 , 000 in less than 90 days read the enclosed program . . . then read it again . . . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / / dear friend , the enclosed information is something i almost let slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . my name is christopher erickson . two years ago , the corporation i worked at for the past twelve years down-sized and my position was eliminated . after unproductive job interviews , i decided to open my own business . over the past year , i incurred many unforeseen financial problems . i owed my family , friends , and creditors over $ 35 , 000 . the economy was taking a toll on my business and i just could n't seem to make ends meet . i had to refinance and borrow against my home to support my family and struggling business . i truly believe it was wrong for me to be in debt like this . at that moment something significant happened in my life and i am writing to share my experience in hopes that this will change your life forever . . . . financially ! ! ! in mid - december , i received this program via email . six months prior to receiving this program i had been sending away for information on various business opportunities . all of the programs i received , in my opinion , were not cost effective . they were either too difficult for me to comprehend or the initial investment was too much for me to risk to see if they worked or not . one claimed i 'd make a million dollars in one year . . . it did n't tell me i 'd have to write a book to make it . but like i was saying , in december of ' 92 i received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off a mailing list . thank goodness for that ! ! ! after reading it several times , to = make sure i was reading it correctly , i could n't believe my eyes . = 20 here was a money-making phenomenon . i could invest as much as i wanted = to start , without putting me further in debt . after i got a pencil and paper and figured it out , i would at least get my money back . after determining that the program is legal and not a chain letter , i decided """""""" why not """""""" . initially i sent out 10 , 000 emails . it only cost me about $ 15 . 00 for my time on-line . the great thing about email is that i did n't need any money for printing to send out the program , only the cost to fulfill my orders . i am telling you like it is , i hope it does n't turn you off , but i promised myself that i would not """""""" rip-off """""""" anyone , no matter how much money it cost me ! . in less than one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by january 13th , i had received 26 orders for report # 1 . when you read the guarantee in the program , you will see that """""""" you must receive = 15 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks . if you don ' t , send out = more programs until you do ! """""""" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in 20 to = 90 days was done . by january 30th , i had received 196 orders for report = # 2 . if you go back to the guarantee , """""""" you must receive 100 or more orders for report # 2 within two weeks . if not , send out more = programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , = relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goal . """""""" well , i had 196 orders for = report # 2 , 96 more than i needed . so i sat back and relaxed . by march = 19th , of my emailing of 10 , 000 , i received $ 58 , 000 with more coming in = every day . i paid off all my debts and bought a much needed new car . please take time to read the attached program , it will change your life forever ! remember , it wont work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place . it does n't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! report # 2 explains this . = 20 always follow the guarantee , 15 to 20 orders for report # 1 , and 100 or more orders for report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or more in 20 to 90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i ' m sorry . it really is a great opportunity with little cost or risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to financial security . if you are a fellow business owner and you are in financial trouble like i was , or you want to start your own business , consider this a sign . i did ! sincerely , christopher erickson ps do you have any idea what 11 , 700 $ 5 bills ( $ 58 , 000 ) look like piled up on a kitchen table ? it ' s awesome ! """""""" threw it away """""""" """""""" i had received this program before . i threw it away , but later wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to contact to get a copy , so i had to wait until i was emailed another copy of the program . eleven months passed , then it came . i didn ' t throw this one away . i made $ 41 , 000 on the first try . """""""" dawn w . , evansville , in """""""" no free lunch """""""" """""""" my late father always told me , ' remember , alan , there is no free lunch in life . you get out of life what you put into it . ' through trial and error and a somewhat slow frustrating start , i finally figured it out . the program works very well , i just had to find the right target group of people to email it to . so far this year , i have made over $ 63 , 000 using this program . i know my dad would have been very proud of me . """""""" alan b . , philadelphia , pa a personal note from the originator of this program by the time you have read the enclosed information and looked over the enclosed program and reports , you should have concluded that such a program , and one that is legal , could not have been created by an amateur . let me tell you a little about myself . i had a profitable business for ten years . then in 1979 my business began falling off . i was doing the same things that were previously successful for me , but it was n't working . finally , i figured it out . it was n't me , it was the economy . inflation and recession had replaced the stable economy that had been with us since 1945 . i do n't have to tell you what happened to the unemployment rate . . . because many of you know from first hand experience . there were more failures and bankruptcies than ever before . the middle class was vanishing . those who knew what they were doing = invested wisely and moved up . those who did not , including those who = never had anything to save or invest , were moving down into the ranks of = the poor . as the saying goes , """""""" the rich get richer and the poor get = poorer . """""""" the traditional methods of making money will never allow you = to """""""" move up """""""" or """""""" get rich """""""" , inflation will see to that . you have just received information that can give you financial freedom for the rest of your life , with """""""" no risk """""""" and """""""" just a little bit of effort . """""""" you can make more money in the next few months than you have = ever imagined . i should also point out that i will not see a penny of your money , nor anyone else who has provided a testimonial for this program . i have already made over four million dollars ! i have retired from the program after sending out over 16 , 000 programs . now i have several offices which market this and several other programs here in the us and overseas . by the spring , we wish to market the ' internet ' by a partnership with america on line . follow the program exactly as instructed . do not change it in any way . = it works exceedingly well as it is now . remember to email a copy of = this exciting program to everyone that you can think of . one of the people you send this to may send out 50 , 000 . . . and your name will be on every one of them ! . remember though , the more you send out , the = more potential customers you will reach . so my friend , i have given you the ideas , information , materials and opportunity to become financially independent , it is up to you now ! """""""" think about it """""""" before you delete this program from your mailbox , as i almost did , take a little time to read it and really think about it . get a pencil and figure out what could happen when you participate . figure out the worst possible response and no matter how you calculate it , you will still make a lot of money ! definitely get back what you invested . = 20 any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . it works ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc here ' s how this amazing program will make you $ $ $ $ $ $ let 's say that you decide to start small , just to see how it goes , and we ' ll assume you and all those involved send out 2 , 000 programs each . let 's also assume that the mailing receives a . 5 % response . using a good list the response could be much better . also many people will send out hundreds of thousands of programs instead of 2 , 000 . but continuing with this example , you send out only 2 , 000 programs . with a . 5 % response , that is only 10 orders for report # 1 . those 10 people respond by sending out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 20 , 000 . out of those . 5 % , 100 people respond and order report # 2 . those 100 mail out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 200 , 000 . the . 5 % response to that is 1 , 000 orders for report # 3 . those 1 , 000 send out 2 , 000 programs each for a 2 , 000 , 000 total . the . 5 % response to that is 10 , 000 orders for report # 4 . that 's 10 , 000 five dollar bills for you . cash ! ! ! ! your total income in this example is $ 50 + $ 500 + $ 5000 + $ 50 , 000 for a total of $ 55 , 550 ! ! ! ! remember friend , this is assuming 1 , 990 out of 2 , 000 people you mail to = will do absolutely nothing . . . and trash this program ! dare to think for = a moment what would happen if everyone or half sent out 100 , 000 programs instead of only 2 , 000 . believe me , many people will do = that and more ! by the way , your cost to participate in this is = practically nothing . you obviously already have an internet connection and email is free ! ! ! report # 3 will show you the best methods for bulk emailing and purchasing email lists . this is a legitimate , legal , money making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house except to get the mail . if you believe that someday you ' ll get that big break that you ' ve been waiting for , this is it ! simply follow the instructions , and your dream will come true . this multi-level email order marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time . email is the sales tool of the future . take advantage of this non-commercialized method of advertising now ! ! the longer you wait , the more people will be doing business using email . get your piece of this action ! ! multi-level marketing ( mlm ) has finally gained respectability . it is = being taught in the harvard business school , and both stanford research and the wall street journal have stated that between 50 % and = 65 % of all goods and services will be sold throughout multi - level methods by the mid to late 1990 's . this is a multi - billion dollar industry and of the 500 , 000 millionaires in the us , 20 % ( 100 , 000 ) made their fortune in the last several years in mlm . moreover , statistics show 45 people become millionaires everyday through multi - level marketing . instructions we at erris mail order marketing business , have a method of raising capital that really works 100 % every time . i am sure that you could use = $ 50 , 000 to $ 125 , 000 in the next 20 to 90 days . before you say """""""" bull """""""" , please read the program carefully . this is not a chain letter , but a perfectly legal money making opportunity . basically , this is what we do : as with all multi-level business , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the usa allows you to recruit new multi - level business partners , and we offer a product for every dollar sent . your orders come and are filled through the mail , so you are not = involved in personal selling . you do it privately in your own home , = store or office . this is the greatest multi - level mail order marketing anywhere : step ( 1 ) order all four 4 reports listed by name and number . dothis by ordering the report from each of the four 4 names listed on the next page . for each report , send $ 5 cash and a self - addressed , stamped envelope ( business size # 10 ) = to the person listed for the specific report . international = = 20 orders should also include $ 2 extra for postage . it is essential that you specify the name and number of the report requested to the person you are ordering from . you will need all four 4 reports because you will be reprinting and reselling them . do not alter the names or sequence other than what the instructions say . important : always provide same-day service on all orders . step ( 2 ) replace the name and address under report # 1 with yours , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . drop the name and address under report # 2 to report # 3 , moving the one that was there to report # 4 . the name and address that was under report # 4 is dropped from the list and this party is no doubt on the way to the bank . when doing this , make certain you type the names and addresses accurately ! do not mix up moving product / report positions ! ! ! step ( 3 ) having made the required changes in the name list , save it as a text ( . txt ) file in it 's own directory to be used with whatever email program you like . again , report # 3 will tell you the best methods of bulk emailing and acquiring email lists . step ( 4 ) email a copy of the entire program ( all of this is very important ) to everyone whose address you can get your hands on . start with friends and relatives since you can encourage them to take advantage of this fabulous = 20 money-making opportunity . that 's what i did . and they love me now , more than ever . then , email to anyone and everyone ! use your imagination ! you can get email addresses from companies on the internet who specialize in email mailing lists . these are very cheap , 100 , 000 addresses for around $ 35 . 00 . important : you won't get a good response if you use an old list , so always request a fresh , new list . you will find out where to purchase these lists when you order the four 4 reports . always provide same-day service on all orders ! ! ! required reports * * * order each report by number and name * * * always send a self-addressed , stamped envelope and $ 5 usd cash for each order requesting the specific report by name and number ( international orders should also include $ 2 usd extra for postage ) = 20 add you e amil address when sending in for your report this is for = updated information and continueing support ( optional ) that will be = handed down by you sponcers . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """""""" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """""""" order report # 1 from : a . siegmund # 57 trakehnenstr . 13 53332 bornheim , germany _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """""""" major corporations and multi-level sales """""""" j . maz 15774 s . lagrange rd suite # 312 orland pk , il 60462 usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ order report # 2 from : a . siegmund # 57 trakehnenstr . 13 53332 bornheim , germany _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """""""" sources for the best mailing lists """""""" order report # 3 from : b . thompson 13504 greencaslte ridge tr . 404 burtonsville md . 20866 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """""""" evaluating multi-level sales plans """""""" order report # 4 from : muw # 2 po box 71442 salt lake city , ut 84171-0442 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conclusion . i am enjoying my fortune that i made by sending out this program . you too , will be making money in 20 to 90 days , if you follow the simple steps outlined in this mailing . to be financially independent is to be free . free to make financial decisions as never before . go into business , get into investments , retire or take a vacation . = 20 = = = = = = 20
  """",1
  247,""""Subject: bulk email for profit
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = 20 mail thousands of email messages per hour - no kidding ! ! send your email messages out , at 1 , 000 's messages / hour ( 28 . 8k modem ) yes , 1 , 000 's of messages an hour * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * millions of email addresses * * * * * * * * $ 100 . 00 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * you ' ll receive 2 high-speed email software programs introducing . . . . """""""" floodgate bulk email loader """""""" = 20 and . . . . """""""" goldrush stealth mass mailer """""""" this is the same software that all bulk emailing services use ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - floodgate bulk email loader version 5 . 2 and goldrush stealth mass mailer version 3 . 215 for windows 95 and windows 3 . 1 now supports 17 = 20 ( really more with the free form filter ) file formats - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - send out 20 , 000 + marketing letters every single day ! or . . . every few days . in fact , when i send out just a few thousand = marketing letters each day , it does n't take long before i ' m completely = swamped with email inquiries and phone calls . this is very easy to do . = and each one of these bulk mailings costs me nothing . i can teach you = how to do this and provide you with the tools you ' ll need . if you ' ve got a good marketing letter , i ' ll show you how to open the = floodgates . you ' ll be deluged with inquiries , leads , and real sales , = using nothing but email alone . writing a good marketing letter is not easy . i often have to rewrite my = marketing letters a half dozen times before i get the results i ' m = looking for . but once you have a good letter , as you probably know , you = can use the same letter over and over again , predictably and = consistently , closing sales , week after week , month after month . it takes me about one hour to send my marketing letter to thousands of = fresh email addresses . i can do this , thanks to a windows program i use . = it 's called floodgate and goldrush stealth mass mailer . it 's a bulk = email loader and an email software program . if you ' re interested in = electronic marketing , you should know about these programs . program # 1 : floodgate for windows the floodgate bulk email loader imports simple text files that anyone = can download from compuserve , prodigy , delphi genie , or the internet . = these text files contain classified ads , forum messages , or data from = the member directory . each of these files is filled with email = addresses . floodgate is designed to read these files and strip out the email = addresses . it then sorts the addresses , removes any duplicates , and = formats them into an output file , with 10 , 20 or 30 addresses per line . = this is all done in one simple step . just point and click . you ' ll need either a windows based internet account or an america = on - line account to send out your marketing letters . neither aol nor the = internet charges to send email . send your letter to 1 , 000 people or = 10 , 000 people - - the cost is always the same . nothing ! new ! prepare a mailing of 50 , 000 + = 20 in less than a 1 / 2 hour if you open an internet account , you can send each letter to 20 , 000 + = people . the new floodgate now directly writes distribution lists . some = people are always collecting new addresses , but if you publish a = newsletter or adsheet , you ' ll be using the same addresses over and over = again . that 's real power ! when using addresses you ' ve previously = collected , you can press a few buttons and prepare a mailing of 50 , 000 + = in less than a half hour . ( to get a list of all the internet access providers in your local = calling area goto : http : / / thelist . com and click on your area code . ) the floodgate users guide will teach you , step by step , how to download = the right files , how to strip the addresses , and finally , how to cut and = paste the formatted addresses into your marketing letter . or , if you = have an internet account , how to create distribution lists . one you ' ve = done this a few times you won't even have to think . it 's that simple ! for the brave & daring : pushing technology to its limits as you may know , the practice of sending unsolicited email is usually = frowned upon , and most service providers have rules against it . but , = like jay-walking , there is little enforcement . it 's not illegal . if = someone tells you that it is , ask them to provide the citation ( and = do n't let them give you some nonsense about faxes - that 's not email ) . = they can't do it because it 's not there . sometimes , when a lot of people = complain , i get a warning letter . and that 's about it . about 1 in 200 will write back and tell me , """""""" take me off the list """""""" , = which i can do , thanks to floodgates remove list feature . many people = reply back thanking me for sending them my informative letter . that 's = always nice . most people though , just reply and say , """""""" send me more = info . """""""" in this way , it usually takes me two or three letters to close a = sale . the floodgate users guide will provide you with proven formats for = writing a successful marketing letter . you ' ll test and rewrite , test and = rewrite . then , once you ' ve got it , just push a few buttons , and open the = floodgates ! ! ! the floodgate bulk email loader currently supports 17 + file formats 1 . compuserve classifieds : send your marketing letter to everyone who is = running a classified ad . i ' ll teach you how to download all the = classifieds from any single ad category . this is one of the most = responsive list of buyers . they check their email every day and they ' re = already in business . 2 . america on - line classifieds : download 1 , 000 addresses in 15 minutes . = these are excellent lists for business to business sales . 3 . compuserve forums : you can join a forum and download hundreds of = forum messages in a matter of minutes . 4 . america on - line forums : choose from dozens of forums . all good = targeted lists . 5 . prodigy forums : prodigy allows you to easily export any group of = forum messages . more targeted lists . 6 . internet newsgroups : these are all targeted lists . you ' ll be able to = send your marketing letter to everyone who posts a message in any = newsgroup . easily collect 1 , 000 's of addresses per hour . 7 . america on - line member directory : most member directories only allow = you to search by city and state . with aol , you can search by business = type , hobbies , computer type , etc . this is the gem of all member directories . build huge targeted lists . 8 . compuserve member directory : this is a major resource . if you ' re = willing to target your mailing to a single city , you can collect about = 1 , 000 email addresses an hour . 9 . delphi member directory : the delphi member directory allows you to = search for people based on key words . these are good targeted mailing = lists . a single search can easily generate 5 , 000 addresses . 10 . genie member directory : similar to the compuserve member directory , = only you can download names much quicker . you can easily pull hundreds = of thousands of addresses out of each of these member directories . 11 . compuserve file cabinet : if you run classified ads , and save the = responses in the cim file cabinet , you ' ll be able to easily reuse these = addresses . you can send your marketing letter to everyone in any single = folder . build master lists and clean up your hard drive . 12 . free form : if you have a text file with email addresses that = floodgate does not support , chances are the free form filter will be = just what you need . just enter a key word to search for . 13 . compuserve form profiles ( forum membership directories ) : easy to = build targeted lists here . each search can easily bring you 500 + addresses . 14 . genie profiles : if you ' re building targeted lists , you ' ll get a lot = of addresses very quickly from genie . 15 . plain addresses : read floodgate master files back into floodgate to = merge files and do selective mailings . also useful for the management of = email address lists that you might purchase . floodgate also has filters to allow you to include or exclude any groups = of addresses in your final distribution lists . for example , you could = include only email addresses that ended in . com or exclude all with = . gov . you could exclude all noc , root , and other addresses that almost = guarantee a negative response . these filters are fully configurable and = can be used together . build reusable master files floodgate maintains master files for each of your marketing letters . if = you download from the same place on a regular basis , you only want to = send your letter to the new people . floodgate will compare the new = addresses with those in the master file , and prepare a mailing list of = only new people . the new addresses are , of course , then added to the = master file . with each new mailing your master file grows and grows . you may create as many master lists as you need . when you start a new = marketing campaign , you ' ll want to send your new letter to everyone on = your master list . if you write a newsletter , each time you send your = newsletter , you ' ll send it to everyone on a master list . the remove list very often , people will reply and tell you to take them off your mailing = list . place these addresses in the remove . mst file and they will never = receive another letter from you again . in this way , you will be = operating your business with the most professionalism possible . don ' t be fooled we have some new competitors that have tried to copy floodgate . the = following list describes why floodgate is better . . . . . . . * * floodgate is a mature , bug free product . not an initial release . * * floodgate comes with over 100 pages of step by step = documentation . * * floodgate is the only one offering a money back guarantee . * * floodgate has more testimonials . = 20 * * filter for filter , floodgate offers more capabilities , way more . = 20 * * floodgate does everything all the others * combined * claim . = 20 * * floodgate is by far the easiest to use . * * there is no * cutting and pasting * with floodgate . = 20 * * we have by far , the best technical support . some quick math floodgate can pay for itself in a few days . it can also cut your = advertising costs down to almost nothing . think of what the competition = will do when they get their floodgate program . do n't be left in the dust = - there are 75 million people out there , just a few keystrokes away . = let 's do the math : - email 50 , 000 sales letters ( takes about 1 - 2 hours ) - let 's say your product will bring you $ 5 profit per sale . - let 's also say you only get a 1 % response ( occasionally higher ) . * that 's 500 orders x $ 5 = 3d $ 2 , 500 profit ! ! now imagine what 500 , 000 = letters would do for your business ! ! what can i market on-line ? you can market anything on-line using direct email , that can be marketed = using conventional postal direct mail marketing . the possibilities are = practically endless . if it sells off-line , you can sell it on-line . easy to install and easy to learn the floodgate email loader requires windows . the supplied manual tells = you where to go , what to do , and how to do it . all you need are basic = computer skills that can be learned with a little practice or help from = our computer savvy technicians . program # 2 : goldrush stealth mass mailer do not get this program confused with other slow speed programs that = call themselves """""""" stealth """""""" . this program is the only one in the world = that can send email out at high speeds with one single connection to the = internet . = 20 this is new , cutting edge email technology . first of it 's kind . . the = most powerful bulk email sender in the world . . nothing can even come = close ! = 20 thanks to our top programmer 's , this technology is now available and we = are the only place you can get it from ! = 20 * only """""""" one """""""" dial-up or isdn connection needed . = 20 * no more terminated connections . = 20 * no more waiting to send large amounts of email . = 20 * immediate response to your mass mailings . = 20 * you will have all the control and confidence of = 20 sending email the way it should be sent . . . in huge amounts ! = 20 * send your whole list in one day , whether it be 500 , 000 = 20 or 5 million - and just sit back and wait for your = 20 orders to pour in . = 20 * no more downloading undeliverable names . bulk emailer 's dream come true ! ! ! - > > > goldrush stealth mass mailer connect to multiple mail servers ( 20 or more ) , make multiple connections = to a single server or any combination of the two ( all simultaneously ) = with one single dial-up connection . = 20 send multiple simultaneous mailings . . . = 20 view complete details about your mailings . shows each server your = connected to , the status of that connection , how many messages are going = out through that connection , etc . . . we show you all the tricks all the mass e-mailers do n't want you to = know . . . = 20 here are just a few features the goldrush stealth mass mailer offers to = you . . . = 20 * forge the header - message id - isp 's will spin their wheels . = 20 * add 's a bogus authenticated sender to the header . = 20 * add 's a complete bogus received from / received by line with = 20 real time / date stamp and recipient to the header . = 20 * does not require a valid pop account be entered in order to = 20 send your mailings . = 20 * easy to use and operate = 20 * plus much more ! = 20 all this , at speeds of up to 1 , 000 's messages / hour ( 28 . 8k modem ) . = 20 special introductory price . . . = 20 now you can have both the floodgate and = 20 goldrush stealth mass mailer for just $ 499 . 00 ! = 20 update . . . save $ 149 . 05 and order now , be one of the first 100 orders ! = 20 step up to the plate and play with the big boys today and receive the = complete 2 software package for the unbelievably low price of only = $ 349 . 95 ! = 20 ( other bulk email software has sold for as much as $ 2 , 500 and can't even = come close to the cutting edge technology of ease , accuracy and speed = . . . speed . . . speed ! ) = 20 try the goldrush stealth mass mailer & floodgate bulk email loader for = 10 days free . = 20 and receive unlimited technical support for 30 days . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * millions of email addresses millions and millions of email addresses cd with millions of email addresses separated by domain name . all addresses are simple text format one per line . addresses from the following domains : pipleline , msn , mci , juno , delphi , genie , aol , compuserve , internet , . com & . net , millions of them ! not available on diskette or download . want the millions of addresses for $ 100 . 00 ? just buy our floodgate / goldrush software package ( with all the bonuses included ) , and the millions of addresses are yours for just $ 100 . 00 additional . these addresses will be delivered to you in simple text files that any bulk emailing program can use , on cd rom . with this cd , you can begin making money immediately ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * special bonus # 1 : * * * stop losing isp dial up accounts ! = 20 if you order the floodgate / goldrush software within the next 5 days - = when you receive your program , you will also receive : = 20 * complete instructions on """""""" how to keep your dial up account from = showing up in the header """""""" , plus everything you will need to get started = doing this . = 20 important notice ! we will initially only be offering 100 copies of the = program for sale , first come / first served basis only . we are doing = this because of the extreme power that these programs offer . * * * special bonus # 2 * * * = 20 when you receive your two programs , you will also receive : over 250 reprint and resell rights reports you can start to market and make money immediately ! ! ! = 20 these hot sellers include : = 20 1 ) how to get a top rating in the search engines = 20 2 ) 70 money making reports = 20 3 ) 75 money making plans & trade secrets and much much more ! ! ! = 20 ( $ 200 retail value - free ! ! ! ) = 20 * * * special bonus # 3 * * * with your two software programs , you will also receive our new """""""" address = grabber """""""" utility program that enables you to grab 100 's of thousands of = email addresses from newsgroups in minutes ( $ 100 retail value - free ) . * * * special bonus # 4 * * * receive checks by email , phone or fax machine . with this software program , you can receive payment for your product or service instantly ! ! there is no more waiting for your customers chec to arrive . this software will no doubt , add to your sales , for customers who do n't have credit cards , as well as the impulse buyers . with this software , you can print up your payments as soon as your customer gives you his / her checking information . you will then add the information given , to the proper blank check spaces , then just print and go to the bank ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to get your free demo and """""""" test drive """""""" our state-of - the-art software , = 20 fax us your email address and request to : = 09 1-561 - 966-6839 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * hurry . . . reserve yours today ! = 20 so , if you are interested in taking advantage of the most powerful bulk = 20 email software in the world and start making money hand over fist . . . . . print out the ez order form below and fax or mail it to our office . if you have any questions do n't hesitate to call us at : 1-561 - 965-6139 system requirements 386 or larger windows 95 or windows 3 . 1 with 8 meg ram extra 5 mb hard drive space floodgate & goldrush can be run on a fast mac with 24 mb ram and = softwindows . notes from satisfied users """""""" it is everything you said it was . within one week of my first mailing , = i received a record number of orders . all you need to print money is a = decent sales letter . thanks . """""""" randy albertson , wolverine capital . """""""" after using floodgate and your utility program all day today , let me = say these are as two of the finest programs i have ever bought in my 52 = years ! your support has been superb . thank you ! """""""" vernon hale , prime data = systems """""""" my first day and i just used floodgate and pegasus to send 1 , 469 sales = letters . so far i ' ve got about 25 positive responses . it works great ! ! ! = thanks . """""""" donald prior """""""" floodgate is awesome ! . i recently started a new business on-line . i = stripped the addresses of the aol & cis classifieds . i sent out 3 , 497 = email letters and got over 400 people to join my company in 5 days ! = needless to say , it pays for itself . """""""" david sheeham , ompd """""""" i was able to use floodgate to extract the names from the internet news = groups . it works perfectly . needless to say , i am very excited about the = use of this new technology . """""""" mark eberra , inside connections """""""" this is a great piece of software and an invaluable marketing tool . """""""" = joe kuhn , the millennium group """""""" i just thought you 'd like to know that this program is fantastic . after = loading it on my system , i wanted to test it out . in my first hour of = using this , i collected 6 , 092 email addresses ! """""""" richard kahn , ld = communications """""""" i just love the floodgate program . it saves me hours and hours of time . = this is the beginning of a wonderful fun time marketing on-line . thank = you so much for writing this program . """""""" beth o'neill , eudora , ks """""""" your software is brilliant , and from the technical support i ' ve = received , i can see you have a genuine love and respect of = people . . . floodgate is a divine package . wish i had found it sooner . """""""" tom = sanders , peoria , il """""""" i really like the way the floodgate software package works . it is very = easy to use , and really does the trick . it has already saved me an = incredible amount of time and energy . """""""" john berning , jr . , fairfield , nj """""""" it 's going great with floodgate ! i like using delphi . i just collected = 50 , 000 + addresses within 20 minutes on-line . """""""" richard kahn , r&b = associates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - e - z order form : please print out this order form and fill in the blanks . . . . . . please send order form and check or money order , payable to : ted keller p . o . box 741342 boynton beach , fl 33474-1342 ( 561 ) - 965-6139 _ _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to try your cutting-edge software so that i can = advertise my business to thousands of people on-line whenever i like ! i = understand that i have 10 days to trial the software . if i am not fully = delighted , i will cheerfully be refunded the purchase price , no = questions asked ! please rush me the floodgate and goldrush package now ! _ _ _ _ _ _ i am ordering within 72 hours ! that qualifies me to receive the = floodgate and goldrush package at a substantial discount ! i am ordering = both software packages for only $ 349 . 95 . ( save $ 150 off the retail = price . . . . software has sold for as much as $ 2 , 499 . 95 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ i am ordering within 72 hours ! that qualifies me to receive = unlimited technical support for 30 days . _ _ _ _ _ _ i want to receive the package overnight . i ' m including $ 18 . 00 for = shipping charges . _ _ _ _ _ _ i want to receive the package 2nd day . i ' m including $ 10 . 00 = ( includes insurance & return receipt ) for shipping charges . _ _ _ _ _ _ i ' m ordering floodgate / goldrush software and want to order the = millions of email addresses as well . my additional cost is $ 100 . 00 = enclosed . _ _ _ _ _ _ i ' m not ordering your floodgate / goldrush software , but i want to order your millions of email addresses on cd . enclosed is = $ 249 . 00 . ( checks : allow 1 week for bank clearance ) your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your position _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email addresses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * we accept checks , money orders , mastercard , visa , american express . you can either mail your order to = 20 us or fax your order to : ( 561 ) - 966-6839 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * today 's date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 visa _ _ _ _ mastercard _ _ _ _ american express _ _ _ _ discover _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 card # : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 billing address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 amount to be charged : $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i agree to pay ted keller an additional $ 29 fee if my check is returned = for insufficient or uncollectable funds . signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please send all order forms and check or money order to payable to : ted keller p . o . box 741342 boynton beach , fl 33474-1342 ( 561 ) - 965-6139 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * or : please paste your check here ( if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check = by mail . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from = your original check that you faxed to us ) please fax the above order form and check to : 1-561 - 966-6839 = 19 = 02osine - gw
  """",1
  248,""""Subject: xxx adult sex ! ! !
   
   the largest selection of hot beautiful xxx live girls from the u . s . a . & europe ! ! ! = 20 voted as the 1998 best adult site ! = 20 * live girl sex shows ! ! ! * 4 free live video feeds & chatrooms ! ! ! = 20 * free erotic stories ! ! * free pictures of xxx porn stars ! ! * confessions ! ! ! * free pictures of teens & men ! ! ! and lots more to do for free ! ! ! * real live sex ! ! ! must see to believe this show ! ! never seen before on = the internet ! you must be 21 or older . http : / / www . pscsurprise . com aol click here ! = 20 if you take offense to this email & wish to be taken off our list , or = would like to know how you can win free time on our sex shows or cash prizes = monthly simply e-mail us at : mwa234 @ hotmail . com we are sorry for any inconvie
  """",1
  249,""""Subject: have a dream ? need money ?
   
   let me show how this plan can work for you , as it has for so many = people . $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ = 20 you are about to make at least $ 50 , 000 in less than 90 days ! = 20 very minimum outlay & enormous return go ahead , just try it ! ! you have absolutely nothing to lose ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this electronic marketing program works perfectly . . . . . . . the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . initially i let no one in the organization know that i was an attorney and , to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , philip a . brown dear friend , just so you know , i tested this opportunity by sending out a few emails to see what kind of response i would get . it is a matter of you doing the same . the response i have received is amazing . just try it and you will more than reap your money back . it can be started with very little investment and the income return is tremendous and exciting ! ! ! = 20 there 's nothing like getting money in the mail ! god bless , = 20 * * * please print this now for future reference * * * this is a money - making phenomenon ! = 20 print this letter , read the program . . . then just try it ! ! ! you are looking at a very profitable and unique program . it has = demonstrated and proven to generate large sums of money . this program is showing fantastic appeal with a huge and ever growing population which needs additional income . this is a legitimate legal money-making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail . if you believe that some day you will get that lucky break that you have been waiting for , this is it ! simply follow the easy instructions , and your dream will come true ! = 20 thousands of people have used this program to raise capital = 20 to start their own business , pay off debts , buy homes , cars , etc . , even retire ! this is your chance , so do n't pass it up ! overview of this extraordinary electronic marketing program ; basically , this is what we do : we sell thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs us next to nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all network businesses , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new business online ( with your computer ) . the product in this program is a series of four businesses and financial reports . each $ 5 . 00 order you receive by """""""" snail mail """""""" will include the e-mail address of the sender . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s it ! . . . the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the greatest electronic marketing business anywhere ! > > > > > follow the instructions exactly ! let 's face it , the profits are worth it ! they ' re tremendous ! ! ! so go for it . remember the 4 points and we ' ll see you at the top ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n = s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports listed and numbered from the list below . for = each report send $ 5 . 00 cash , your e-mail address and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to each person listed . when you order , make sure you request each specific report . you will need all four reports , because you will be saving them on your computer and reselling them . 2 . important - - do not alter the names , or their sequence other = than instructed in this program ! or you will not profit the way you = should . the name and address under report # 1 with yours , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . move the name and address under report # 2 to report # 3 . move the name and address under report # 3 to report # 4 . the name and address that was under report # 4 is dropped off the list and is no doubt on the way to the bank . when doing this , please make certain you copy = everyone 's name and address accurately ! ! ! also , do not move the report / product positions ! 3 . take this entire program text , including the corrected names list , and save it on your computer . 4 . now you ' re ready to start a massive advertising campaign on the worldwide web ! advertising on the web is very , very inexpensive , but there are hundreds of free places to advertise also . another avenue which you could use is e-mail mailing lists . you can buy these lists for under $ 35 / 100 , 000 addresses . = 20 start your ad campaign as soon as you can ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! ! ! required reports * * * order each report by number and name * * * always send $ 5 cash ( concealed ) for each order requesting the specific report by name and number . always send first class or priority mail and provide your e-mail address for quick delivery . = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 = 20 """""""" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """""""" order report # 1 from : aag p . o . box 75 waller , tx . 77484 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """""""" major corporations and multi-level sales """""""" order report # 2 from : edco interests = 20 p . o . box 1108 huffman , tx . 77336 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 = 20 """""""" sources for the best mailing lists """""""" order report # 3 from : bill hines 4383 harmony ln . santa maria , ca . 93455 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 = 20 """""""" evaluating multi-level sales plans """""""" order report # 4 from : n . b . bostrom 3871 hwy 527 . haughton , la 71037 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ get free e-mail and a permanent address at http : / / www . netaddress . com
  """",1
  250,""""Subject: internet specialist 007 - the spy
   
   internet specialist 007 - the spy learn everything about your friends , neighbors , enemies , employees or anyone else ! - - even your boss ! - - even yourself ! this mammoth snoop collection of internet sites will provide you the newest and most current addresses available on the net today . . . = 20 * track down an old debt , or anyone else that has done you wrong ! it 's incredible , and so many new data sites have come online in the past 90 days . . . * over 300 giant resources to look up people , credit , social security , current or past employment , mail order purchases , = 20 addresses , phone numbers , maps to city locations . . . * investigate your family history ! check birth , death , adoption or social security records check service records or army , navy , air force or = 20 marine corps . * locate an old friend ( or an enemy who is hiding ) or a lost = 20 love - - find e-mail , telephone or address information on anyone ! = 20 even look up * unlisted * phone numbers ! * find work by searching classified ads all over the world ! * screen prospective employees - - check credit , driving or criminal records verify income or educational accomplishments = 20 * check out your daughter 's new boyfriend ! * find trial transcripts and court orders ! * enjoy the enchantment of finding out a juicy tid-bit about a co-worker . the internet is a powerful megasource of information , = 20 if you only know where to look . i tell you how to find = 20 out nearly anything about anybody , and tell you exactly where to find it ! you will be amazed to find out what personal information = 20 other people can find out about you ! check your credit = 20 report so you can correct wrong information that may be = 20 used to deny you credit . research yourself first ! you ' ll be horrified , as i was , = 20 at how much data has been accumulated about you . any my huge collection is only the beginning ! once you = 20 locate these free private , college and government web sites , you ' ll find even more links to even more = 20 information search engines ! = 20 if you believe ( like i do ) that the information that is stored about each one of us should be freely accessible , you ' ll want to see the snoop collection i ' ve compiled . verify your own records , or find out what you need to = 20 know about others . i ' m telling you , it 's incredible what you can find out using the internet ! we will accept checks by fax at 813-269 - 9651 or > > > send $ 14 . 95 cash , check or money order to : > > > the coldwell group > > > p . o . box 3787 > > > dept 1007 > > > petersburg , va 23805 i will rush back to you my snoop information for fastest service include your * e-mail * address . = 20 * what information is available - - and exact url to get there ! * exactly where to look for - - and the clever way to use - - = 20 the above search engines , and tons more ! * my easy-to - browse categorized megacenter of information has my own description of how to use each site , and what you ' ll find when you get there - - and tricky tips on how to = 20 extract the best data ! you can know everything about everybody with this internet specialist collection ! * * soon to be available - - the most complete international internet spy = 20 sites available on the web today * * don ' t miss this one or you ' ll be sorry = 20 to be removed from our list please fax your address to 813-269 - 9651 . l = e3 = 01 @ u = 0b
  """",1
  251,""""Subject: """""""" free """""""" $ 400 bulk mail software """""""" explodes your business """"""""
   
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - your email address was given to me as a person interested in business opportunities . . . if this is not correct , then please = 20 accept my apologies . you will not be contacted again . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - what if ? i could provide you with a $ 400 bulk email software and low cost long distance , plus your own home business for free ? to take advantage of this offer , you will need to become a distributor in my downline . free distributorships when you change your long distance = 20 service to our low rate plans . once you have obtained your id # i = 20 would then send you everything promised in this letter . and what if ? i also provide you with a free web page , and a free = 20 marketing package that includes ads , letters , software , and much more ? let me explain . there are no startup costs ! = 20 no sign up fee ! = 20 no minimum volume ! = 20 no meetings ! = 20 and = 20 you do n't have to wonder about how to build your business . = 20 just follow a proven plan . it 's that simple . if you are serious about your financial future , just reply to this message and put freedom in the subject . = 20 your financial future is within your grasp . i have the answer to your business growth problems . """""""" free """""""" ! = 20 read on , i will """""""" not """""""" ask you to spend any money ! you do n't want to trash this one ! i """""""" will """""""" give you absolutely """""""" free """""""" a = new software called """""""" freedom """""""" , that sells for $ 400 . i will not ask for any = money ! freedom software allows you to extract email addresses from the = newsgroups , aol subscribers , etc . freedom has many features , including easy extractions of the addresses = you need to flag for removal . you can extract a """""""" batch """""""" of a few hundred , or = a """""""" catagory """""""" of thousands at a time . will your business """""""" explode """""""" ? = 20 you bet it will ! it has to ! ! ! ! you will become a part of the """""""" only downline in the entire world """""""" = 20 that has this capablity ! along with """""""" freedom """""""" , i provide you with a """""""" great """""""" , """""""" free business """""""" , that you can promote on the internet and off . = 20 use freedom in the business i provide for you , or """""""" freedom """""""" in = 20 your current business . all you will need to do to start your online biz today and even have your free web page is to become a distributor in my downline . = 20 for quick and free details , just hit reply with """""""" freedom """""""" in the subject line and you will receive information about this exciting opportunity right away ! i look forward to your response .
  """",1
  252,""""Subject: re ; inquiry for lost id . . . for replacement from anywhere in theworld
   
   yes . . . . we carry all types of id from all over the world . . . . . any = state . . . any province or country . . . . . . be anyone you want . . . protect your privacy . . . . lost id replaced in 24 hours . . . . . . largest selection of novelty id anywhere . . . . call us 24 hours order your free catalog today . . . . . . . 604-244 - 4926 24 hours . . . 604-244 - 4926 student id from any college or university . . . travel id . . . press id . . . state id . . . fbi id . . . . fun and entertainment id . . . . . or just about any type id custom made to your satisfaction . . . id from any country in the world . . . . . . . visit us at : http : / / www . photoidcards . com
  """",1
  253,""""Subject: control $ 15 , 000 creditline with $ 200 deposit !
   
   xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx = 20 credit control x x xxxxxxxxxxxxx this special report contains never-before - published information on how = to utilize leverage for both obtaining credit and eliminating debt . there = is nothing else like it on the market . it will show you how to : = 20 bulletin 1 : control a $ 15 , 000 credit line with only a $ 200 deposit and = no credit check ! ( this particular technique can also be used to control = credit lines in the millions ! ) = 20 bulletin 2 : pay off debts / loans and mortgages in weeks at discounts of = up to 40 % using simple financial tools with 10 - to - 1 leverage . = 20 bulletin 3 : raise money on your home without using banks . = 20 bulletin 4 : eliminate debts completely for as little as 15 cents on = thedollar = 20 . = 20 bulletin 5 : secrtets of offshore bank accounts that can be opened = without a bank reference and that will set you up with a credit card merchant = account . = 20 with lower interest rates making it easier for borrowers to pay back = 20 their loans and due to unprecedented competition in the credit / lending markets , many banks have had to relax their lending practices in order = to attract more business . = 20 these factors combined are now making it possible for creative borrowers = to take advantage of the situation and borrow money that would have = otherwise not been available to them in the past . = 20 i am very pleased and excited to have the privilege of showing you = 20 how you can utilize some very simple yet powerful principles = 20 to get the money you need to pay off overdue bills , start a business or take a vacation . using the proven and simple banking procedure of = compound collateral leveraging you will have at your fingertips the crucial information that will enable you to get a $ 15 , 000 credit line with only = $ 200 of your own money without a credit check . you will also be able to pay = off your mortgage and debts at discounts of up to 40 % . = 20 these same techniques can be used to control credit lines in the = millions ! ! ! there are never any processing or application fees since this is not a banking , brokering or financial institution . you will only be getting valuable and indispensable financial and technical information that will enable you to get the cash you desire as well as the names of banks that = are more innovative in their lending practices . the techniques are perfectly legal and are utilized daily . do not pass up this opportunity to better = your financial conditon in a business world that only respects cash and / or credit ! can you afford not to get your hands on this information ? = 20 order your reports today ! = 20 if you order today and mention that you got our = 20 offer thru email you can purchase the 5 bulletin report for $ 29 . 95 , including s&h , $ 10 off our regular price of = $ 39 . 95 ! ! ! ! ! ! = 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - order form = 20 where did you see our ad ? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 this powerful information is backed by a 100 % money-back guarantee . = 20 please check below each bulletin as listed on the preceding pages that = you = 20 wish to order . one of any bulletin is $ 14 . 95 ; two bulletins is $ 21 . 95 ; = 20 three bulletins is $ 27 . 95 ; four bulletins is $ 34 . 95 and all five are $ 39 . 95 . ( all prices in u . s . dollars ) ( include your email & street = addresses in your correspondence ! ) = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ bulletin 1 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ bulletin 2 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ bulletin 3 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ bulletin 4 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ bulletin 5 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total bulletins ordered = 20 $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ price ( plus $ 3 . 00 s&h ) . please make check = 20 or money order payable to : = 20 cash grant = 20 2840 sylvan ramble road ste c = 20 atlanta , ga 30345 . usa = 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - disclaimer = 20 the information in this report does not constitute legal advice or the practice of law . it is merely the communication of information in = accordance with the right to free speech . anyone seeking legal advice should = consult a competent and qualified professional . the authors , editor , and publisher assume no responsibility for anyone acting in accordance with this information . all readers are specifically advised to obey all laws , statutes . and regulations to the letter . = 20
  """",1
  254,""""Subject: just released ! 16 million !
   
   it was just released ! ! = 20 introducing . . . millions vol . 1 we took a total of over 92 million email addresses from many of the touted cd 's that are out there ( bought them all - some were $ 300 + ) ! we added the millions we had in storage to those . when we combined them all , we had in excess of 100 + million addresses in one huge file . we then ran a super """""""" sort / de-dupe """""""" program against this huge list . it cut the file down to less than 25 million ! ! ! can you believe that ? it seems that most people that are selling cd 's are duping the public by putting numerous files of addresses in the cd over and over . this created many duplicate addresses . they also had many program """""""" generated """""""" email addresses like compuserve , mci , anon 's , etc . this causes a tremendous amount of undeliverables , and for those that use stealth programs , clogs up servers quickly with trash , etc . we then ran a program that contained 150 + keywords to remove addresses with vulgarity , profanity , sex-related names , postmaster , webmaster , flamer , abuse , spam , etc . , etc . also eliminated all . edu , . mil , . org , . gov , etc . after that list was run against the remaining = list , it reduced it down to near 16 million addresses ! so , you see , our list will save people hundreds of dollars buying all others that are out there on cd and otherwise . using ours will be like using the 100 + million that we started with , but a lot less money and alot less time ! ! we also purchased cyber - promos ( $ 995 . 00 ) cd . we received it just prior to finishing production work on the new cd . we had our people take a random sample of 300 , 000 addresses from the touted 2 . 9 that they advertised . we used a program that allows us to take a random sample of addresses from any list . we were able to have the program take every 9th address , thus giving us a 300 , 000 list of cyber 's email addresses from top to bottom . we did not clean these , but we did = create 3 seperate files named cyber1 . txt , cyber2 . txt , & cyber3 . txt of 100 , 000 addresses each . this will give all people that use the list a = opportunity to send mail to the list before deciding if their cd is all it 's hyped to = be . we also included a 2 + million """""""" remove / flamer """""""" file broke into seperate files for ease of extracting and adding to your own database of = removes . """""""" you can buy from the rest or you can buy from the best . your choice . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ what others are saying : = 20 """""""" i received the cd on friday evening . like a kid with a new toy , i immediately started bulking out using the new email addresses . over the course of the weekend , i emailed out over 500 , 000 emails and i received less than twenty undeliverables ! ! i am totally satisfied with my purchase ! ! thanks premier ! ! """""""" dave buckley houston , tx """""""" this list is worth it 's weight in gold ! ! i sent out 100 , 000 emails for = my product and received over 55 orders ! ann colby new orleans , la * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = 20 here ' s the bottom line here is what you get when you order today ! > > 16 million email addresses . . . 1 per line in simple text format on a = cd . files are in lots of 100 , 000 ( no codes needed to open files ) . all files are separated by domain name for your convenience . = 20 plus you receive a tremendous remove list ! = 20 and = 20 the a sampling of cyberpromo 's hot list . > > > now only $ 149 . 00 ! this price is effective for the next seven days , thereafter the price = will be $ 199 . 00 so order now ! all lists are completely free of any duplicates . we also on a continual basis , add new names and remove undeliverables and remove requests . = 20 the result is the cleanest email addresses available anywhere to use over and over again , for a fraction of the cost that other companies charge . typical rates for acquiring email lists are from 1 cent to as high as 3 cents per email address - that 's """""""" information highway """""""" robbery ! . do n't even hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most effective way to market anywhere . . period ! if you have any further questions or to place an order by phone , please do not hesitate to call us at : 908-245 - 1143 to order our email package , simply print out the ez order form below and fax or mail it to our office today . = 20 we accept visa , mastercard , amex , checks by fax and mail . = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ez order form = 20 = 20 _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to order millions vol . 1 email addresses for only $ 149 . 00 . = 20 = 20 * please select one of the following for shipping . . = 20 _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package overnight . i ' m including $ 15 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) = 20 _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package 2 day delivery . i ' m including $ 10 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) = 20 date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 type of credit card : = 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ _ _ mastercard = 20 credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 name on card _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 amount $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 = 20 ( required ) signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 date : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 you may fax your order to us at : 1-908 - 245-3119 = 20 check by fax services ! = 20 if you would like to fax a check , paste your check below and fax it to our office along with all forms to : 1-908 - 245-3119 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 24 hour fax services * * * please paste your = 20 check here and fax it to us at 1-908 - 245-3119 = 20 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = 20 if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from your original check . all checks will be held for bank clearance . if you feel more comfortable sending payment through the mail , please send all forms and check or money order to : = 20 rapture marketing inc . p . o . box 616 kenilworth , nj 07033
  """",1
  255,""""Subject: bulk email for profit
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = 20 mail thousands of email messages per hour - no kidding ! ! send your email messages out , at 1 , 000 's messages / hour ( 28 . 8k modem ) yes , 1 , 000 's of messages an hour * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * millions of email addresses * * * * * * * * $ 100 . 00 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * you ' ll receive 2 high-speed email software programs introducing . . . . """""""" floodgate bulk email loader """""""" = 20 and . . . . """""""" goldrush stealth mass mailer """""""" this is the same software that all bulk emailing services use ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * also available - - - - resell rights - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = 20 you can now resell this unique emailing software and earn $ 100 . 00 per sale and never do any tech support we ' ll do it for your customers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - floodgate bulk email loader version 6 . 0 and goldrush stealth mass mailer version 3 . 215 for windows 95 and windows 3 . 1 now supports 17 = 20 ( really more with the free form filter ) file formats - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - send out 20 , 000 + marketing letters every single day ! or . . . every few days . in fact , when i send out just a few thousand = marketing letters each day , it does n't take long before i ' m completely = swamped with email inquiries and phone calls . this is very easy to do . = and each one of these bulk mailings costs me nothing . i can teach you = how to do this and provide you with the tools you ' ll need . if you ' ve got a good marketing letter , i ' ll show you how to open the = floodgates . you ' ll be deluged with inquiries , leads , and real sales , = using nothing but email alone . writing a good marketing letter is not easy . i often have to rewrite my = marketing letters a half dozen times before i get the results i ' m = looking for . but once you have a good letter , as you probably know , you = can use the same letter over and over again , predictably and = consistently , closing sales , week after week , month after month . it takes me about one hour to send my marketing letter to thousands of = fresh email addresses . i can do this , thanks to a windows program i use . = it 's called floodgate and goldrush stealth mass mailer . it 's a bulk = email loader and an email software program . if you ' re interested in = electronic marketing , you should know about these programs . program # 1 : floodgate for windows the floodgate bulk email loader imports simple text files that anyone = can download from compuserve , prodigy , delphi genie , or the internet . = these text files contain classified ads , forum messages , or data from = the member directory . each of these files is filled with email = addresses . floodgate is designed to read these files and strip out the email = addresses . it then sorts the addresses , removes any duplicates , and = formats them into an output file , with 10 , 20 or 30 addresses per line . = this is all done in one simple step . just point and click . you ' ll need either a windows based internet account or an america = on - line account to send out your marketing letters . neither aol nor the = internet charges to send email . send your letter to 1 , 000 people or = 10 , 000 people - - the cost is always the same . nothing ! new ! prepare a mailing of 50 , 000 + = 20 in less than a 1 / 2 hour if you open an internet account , you can send each letter to 20 , 000 + = people . the new floodgate now directly writes distribution lists . some = people are always collecting new addresses , but if you publish a = newsletter or adsheet , you ' ll be using the same addresses over and over = again . that 's real power ! when using addresses you ' ve previously = collected , you can press a few buttons and prepare a mailing of 50 , 000 + = in less than a half hour . ( to get a list of all the internet access providers in your local = calling area goto : http : / / thelist . com and click on your area code . ) the floodgate users guide will teach you , step by step , how to download = the right files , how to strip the addresses , and finally , how to cut and = paste the formatted addresses into your marketing letter . or , if you = have an internet account , how to create distribution lists . one you ' ve = done this a few times you won't even have to think . it 's that simple ! for the brave & daring : pushing technology to its limits as you may know , the practice of sending unsolicited email is usually = frowned upon , and most service providers have rules against it . but , = like jay-walking , there is little enforcement . it 's not illegal . if = someone tells you that it is , ask them to provide the citation ( and = do n't let them give you some nonsense about faxes - that 's not email ) . = they can't do it because it 's not there . sometimes , when a lot of people = complain , i get a warning letter . and that 's about it . about 1 in 200 will write back and tell me , """""""" take me off the list """""""" , = which i can do , thanks to floodgates remove list feature . many people = reply back thanking me for sending them my informative letter . that 's = always nice . most people though , just reply and say , """""""" send me more = info . """""""" in this way , it usually takes me two or three letters to close a = sale . the floodgate users guide will provide you with proven formats for = writing a successful marketing letter . you ' ll test and rewrite , test and = rewrite . then , once you ' ve got it , just push a few buttons , and open the = floodgates ! ! ! the floodgate bulk email loader currently supports 17 + file formats 1 . compuserve classifieds : send your marketing letter to everyone who is = running a classified ad . i ' ll teach you how to download all the = classifieds from any single ad category . this is one of the most = responsive list of buyers . they check their email every day and they ' re = already in business . 2 . america on - line classifieds : download 1 , 000 addresses in 15 minutes . = these are excellent lists for business to business sales . 3 . compuserve forums : you can join a forum and download hundreds of = forum messages in a matter of minutes . 4 . america on - line forums : choose from dozens of forums . all good = targeted lists . 5 . prodigy forums : prodigy allows you to easily export any group of = forum messages . more targeted lists . 6 . internet newsgroups : these are all targeted lists . you ' ll be able to = send your marketing letter to everyone who posts a message in any = newsgroup . easily collect 1 , 000 's of addresses per hour . 7 . america on - line member directory : most member directories only allow = you to search by city and state . with aol , you can search by business = type , hobbies , computer type , etc . this is the gem of all member directories . build huge targeted lists . 8 . compuserve member directory : this is a major resource . if you ' re = willing to target your mailing to a single city , you can collect about = 1 , 000 email addresses an hour . 9 . delphi member directory : the delphi member directory allows you to = search for people based on key words . these are good targeted mailing = lists . a single search can easily generate 5 , 000 addresses . 10 . genie member directory : similar to the compuserve member directory , = only you can download names much quicker . you can easily pull hundreds = of thousands of addresses out of each of these member directories . 11 . compuserve file cabinet : if you run classified ads , and save the = responses in the cim file cabinet , you ' ll be able to easily reuse these = addresses . you can send your marketing letter to everyone in any single = folder . build master lists and clean up your hard drive . 12 . free form : if you have a text file with email addresses that = floodgate does not support , chances are the free form filter will be = just what you need . just enter a key word to search for . 13 . compuserve form profiles ( forum membership directories ) : easy to = build targeted lists here . each search can easily bring you 500 + addresses . 14 . genie profiles : if you ' re building targeted lists , you ' ll get a lot = of addresses very quickly from genie . 15 . plain addresses : read floodgate master files back into floodgate to = merge files and do selective mailings . also useful for the management of = email address lists that you might purchase . floodgate also has filters to allow you to include or exclude any groups = of addresses in your final distribution lists . for example , you could = include only email addresses that ended in . com or exclude all with = . gov . you could exclude all noc , root , and other addresses that almost = guarantee a negative response . these filters are fully configurable and = can be used together . build reusable master files floodgate maintains master files for each of your marketing letters . if = you download from the same place on a regular basis , you only want to = send your letter to the new people . floodgate will compare the new = addresses with those in the master file , and prepare a mailing list of = only new people . the new addresses are , of course , then added to the = master file . with each new mailing your master file grows and grows . you may create as many master lists as you need . when you start a new = marketing campaign , you ' ll want to send your new letter to everyone on = your master list . if you write a newsletter , each time you send your = newsletter , you ' ll send it to everyone on a master list . the remove list very often , people will reply and tell you to take them off your mailing = list . place these addresses in the remove . mst file and they will never = receive another letter from you again . in this way , you will be = operating your business with the most professionalism possible . don ' t be fooled we have some new competitors that have tried to copy floodgate . the = following list describes why floodgate is better . . . . . . . * * floodgate is a mature , bug free product . not an initial release . * * floodgate comes with over 100 pages of step by step = documentation . * * floodgate is the only one offering a money back guarantee . * * floodgate has more testimonials . = 20 * * filter for filter , floodgate offers more capabilities , way more . = 20 * * floodgate does everything all the others * combined * claim . = 20 * * floodgate is by far the easiest to use . * * there is no * cutting and pasting * with floodgate . = 20 * * we have by far , the best technical support . some quick math floodgate can pay for itself in a few days . it can also cut your = advertising costs down to almost nothing . think of what the competition = will do when they get their floodgate program . do n't be left in the dust = - there are 75 million people out there , just a few keystrokes away . = let 's do the math : - email 50 , 000 sales letters ( takes about 1 - 2 hours ) - let 's say your product will bring you $ 5 profit per sale . - let 's also say you only get a 1 % response ( occasionally higher ) . * that 's 500 orders x $ 5 = 3d $ 2 , 500 profit ! ! now imagine what 500 , 000 = letters would do for your business ! ! what can i market on-line ? you can market anything on-line using direct email , that can be marketed = using conventional postal direct mail marketing . the possibilities are = practically endless . if it sells off-line , you can sell it on-line . easy to install and easy to learn the floodgate email loader requires windows . the supplied manual tells = you where to go , what to do , and how to do it . all you need are basic = computer skills that can be learned with a little practice or help from = our computer savvy technicians . program # 2 : goldrush stealth mass mailer do not get this program confused with other slow speed programs that = call themselves """""""" stealth """""""" . this program is the only one in the world = that can send email out at high speeds with one single connection to the = internet . = 20 this is new , cutting edge email technology . first of it 's kind . . the = most powerful bulk email sender in the world . . nothing can even come = close ! = 20 thanks to our top programmer 's , this technology is now available and we = are the only place you can get it from ! = 20 * only """""""" one """""""" dial-up or isdn connection needed . = 20 * no more terminated connections . = 20 * no more waiting to send large amounts of email . = 20 * immediate response to your mass mailings . = 20 * you will have all the control and confidence of = 20 sending email the way it should be sent . . . in huge amounts ! = 20 * send your whole list in one day , whether it be 500 , 000 = 20 or 5 million - and just sit back and wait for your = 20 orders to pour in . = 20 * no more downloading undeliverable names . bulk emailer 's dream come true ! ! ! - > > > goldrush stealth mass mailer connect to multiple mail servers ( 20 or more ) , make multiple connections = to a single server or any combination of the two ( all simultaneously ) = with one single dial-up connection . = 20 send multiple simultaneous mailings . . . = 20 view complete details about your mailings . shows each server your = connected to , the status of that connection , how many messages are going = out through that connection , etc . . . we show you all the tricks all the mass e-mailers do n't want you to = know . . . = 20 here are just a few features the goldrush stealth mass mailer offers to = you . . . = 20 * forge the header - message id - isp 's will spin their wheels . = 20 * add 's a bogus authenticated sender to the header . = 20 * add 's a complete bogus received from / received by line with = 20 real time / date stamp and recipient to the header . = 20 * does not require a valid pop account be entered in order to = 20 send your mailings . = 20 * easy to use and operate = 20 * plus much more ! = 20 all this , at speeds of up to 1 , 000 's messages / hour ( 28 . 8k modem ) . = 20 special introductory price . . . = 20 now you can have both the floodgate and = 20 goldrush stealth mass mailer for just $ 499 . 00 ! = 20 update . . . save $ 149 . 05 and order now , be one of the first 100 orders ! = 20 step up to the plate and play with the big boys today and receive the = complete 2 software package for the unbelievably low price of only = $ 349 . 95 ! = 20 ( other bulk email software has sold for as much as $ 2 , 500 and can't even = come close to the cutting edge technology of ease , accuracy and speed = . . . speed . . . speed ! ) = 20 try the goldrush stealth mass mailer & floodgate bulk email loader for = 10 days free . = 20 and receive unlimited technical support for 30 days . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * millions of email addresses millions and millions of email addresses cd with millions of email addresses separated by domain name . all addresses are simple text format one per line . addresses from the following domains : pipleline , msn , mci , juno , delphi , genie , aol , compuserve , internet , . com & . net , millions of them ! not available on diskette or download . want the millions of addresses for $ 100 . 00 ? just buy our floodgate / goldrush software package ( with all the bonuses included ) , and the millions of addresses are yours for just $ 100 . 00 additional . these addresses will be delivered to you in simple text files that any bulk emailing program can use , on cd rom . with this cd , you can begin making money immediately ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * special bonus # 1 : * * * stop losing isp dial up accounts ! = 20 if you order the floodgate / goldrush software within the next 5 days - = when you receive your program , you will also receive : = 20 * complete instructions on """""""" how to keep your dial up account from = showing up in the header """""""" , plus everything you will need to get started = doing this . = 20 important notice ! we will initially only be offering 100 copies of the = program for sale , first come / first served basis only . we are doing = this because of the extreme power that these programs offer . * * * special bonus # 2 * * * = 20 when you receive your two programs , you will also receive : over 250 reprint and resell rights reports you can start to market and make money immediately ! ! ! = 20 these hot sellers include : = 20 1 ) how to get a top rating in the search engines = 20 2 ) 70 money making reports = 20 3 ) 75 money making plans & trade secrets and much much more ! ! ! = 20 ( $ 200 retail value - free ! ! ! ) = 20 * * * special bonus # 3 * * * with your two software programs , you will also receive our new """""""" address = grabber """""""" utility program that enables you to grab 100 's of thousands of = email addresses from newsgroups in minutes ( $ 100 retail value - free ) . * * * special bonus # 4 * * * receive checks by email , phone or fax machine . with this software program , you can receive payment for your product or service instantly ! ! there is no more waiting for your customers chec to arrive . this software will no doubt , add to your sales , for customers who do n't have credit cards , as well as the impulse buyers . with this software , you can print up your payments as soon as your customer gives you his / her checking information . you will then add the information given , to the proper blank check spaces , then just print and go to the bank ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to get your free demo and """""""" test drive """""""" our state-of - the-art software , = 20 fax us your email address ( legibly please ) at : 954-572 - 5837 = 09 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * hurry . . . reserve yours today ! = 20 so , if you are interested in taking advantage of the most powerful bulk = 20 email software in the world and start making money hand over fist . . . . . print out the ez order form below and fax or mail it to our office . if you have any questions do n't hesitate to call us at : 1-954 - 784-0312 system requirements 386 or larger windows 95 or windows 3 . 1 with 8 meg ram extra 5 mb hard drive space floodgate & goldrush can be run on a fast mac with 24 mb ram and = softwindows . notes from satisfied users """""""" it is everything you said it was . within one week of my first mailing , = i received a record number of orders . all you need to print money is a = decent sales letter . thanks . """""""" randy albertson , wolverine capital . """""""" after using floodgate and your utility program all day today , let me = say these are as two of the finest programs i have ever bought in my 52 = years ! your support has been superb . thank you ! """""""" vernon hale , prime data = systems """""""" my first day and i just used floodgate and pegasus to send 1 , 469 sales = letters . so far i ' ve got about 25 positive responses . it works great ! ! ! = thanks . """""""" donald prior """""""" floodgate is awesome ! . i recently started a new business on-line . i = stripped the addresses of the aol & cis classifieds . i sent out 3 , 497 = email letters and got over 400 people to join my company in 5 days ! = needless to say , it pays for itself . """""""" david sheeham , ompd """""""" i was able to use floodgate to extract the names from the internet news = groups . it works perfectly . needless to say , i am very excited about the = use of this new technology . """""""" mark eberra , inside connections """""""" this is a great piece of software and an invaluable marketing tool . """""""" = joe kuhn , the millennium group """""""" i just thought you 'd like to know that this program is fantastic . after = loading it on my system , i wanted to test it out . in my first hour of = using this , i collected 6 , 092 email addresses ! """""""" richard kahn , ld = communications """""""" i just love the floodgate program . it saves me hours and hours of time . = this is the beginning of a wonderful fun time marketing on-line . thank = you so much for writing this program . """""""" beth o'neill , eudora , ks """""""" your software is brilliant , and from the technical support i ' ve = received , i can see you have a genuine love and respect of = people . . . floodgate is a divine package . wish i had found it sooner . """""""" tom = sanders , peoria , il """""""" i really like the way the floodgate software package works . it is very = easy to use , and really does the trick . it has already saved me an = incredible amount of time and energy . """""""" john berning , jr . , fairfield , nj """""""" it 's going great with floodgate ! i like using delphi . i just collected = 50 , 000 + addresses within 20 minutes on-line . """""""" richard kahn , r&b = associates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - e - z order form : please print out this order form and fill in the blanks . . . . . . please send order form and check or money order , payable to : dave mustachi p . o . box 772261 coral springs , fl 33077-2261 ( 954 ) 784-0312 _ _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to try your cutting-edge software so that i can = advertise my business to thousands of people on-line whenever i like ! i = understand that i have 10 days to trial the software . if i am not fully = delighted , i will cheerfully be refunded the purchase price , no = questions asked ! please rush me the floodgate and goldrush package now ! _ _ _ _ _ _ i am ordering within 72 hours ! that qualifies me to receive the = floodgate and goldrush package at a substantial discount ! i am ordering = both software packages for only $ 349 . 95 . ( save $ 150 off the retail = price . . . . software has sold for as much as $ 2 , 499 . 95 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ i am ordering within 72 hours ! that qualifies me to receive = unlimited technical support for 30 days . _ _ _ _ _ _ i want to receive the package overnight . i ' m including $ 18 . 00 for = shipping charges . _ _ _ _ _ _ i want to receive the package 2nd day . i ' m including $ 10 . 00 = ( includes insurance & return receipt ) for shipping charges . _ _ _ _ _ _ i ' m ordering floodgate / goldrush software and want to order the = millions of email addresses as well . my additional cost is $ 100 . 00 = enclosed . _ _ _ _ _ _ i ' m not ordering your floodgate / goldrush software , but i want to order your millions of email addresses on cd . enclosed is = $ 249 . 00 . _ _ _ _ _ _ i ' m interested in reselling this unique software package , and = earning $ 100 . 00 per sale . i understand you will be the technician for my customers . send = me further information . ( you must purchase this program in order to be a reseller = for the floodgate / goldrush software package ) . ( checks : allow 1 week for bank clearance ) your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your position _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email addresses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * we accept checks , money orders , mastercard , visa , american express . you can either mail your order to = 20 us or fax your order to : 954-572 - 5837 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * today 's date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 visa _ _ _ _ mastercard _ _ _ _ american express _ _ _ _ discover _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 card # : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 billing address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 amount to be charged : $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i agree to pay dave mustachi an additional $ 29 fee if my check is = returned for insufficient or uncollectable funds . signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please send all order forms and check or money order to payable to : dave mustachi p . o . box 772261 coral springs , fl 33077 ( 954 ) 784-0312 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * or : please paste your check here ( if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check = by mail . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from = your original check that you faxed to us ) please fax the above order form and check to : 1-954 - 572 -
  """",1
  256,""""Subject: prodigious nfl picks
   
   hello sportsfans ! ! ! ! if you are an avid sportsfan like myself , = then i = 20 know you will enjoy this ad . who are we ? we are prodigious picks and associates . what are we ? we are one of the best sports handicapping systems in the country . our predictions are decided by a consensus = 20 analysis system that takes the predictions of seven of the best handicappers in the country ! ! ! ! if you are one of the thousands = 20 of callers that has phoned us in the past weeks , we know that we have = 20 already proven ourselves to you . if you have not had a chance to give = 20 us a call yet , we want to inform you that we went 19 - 6 by the line in = the past two weeks . that is 76 percent ! ! ! this includes winning 10 of 12 big = picks and going 6 - 2 in the nfl playoffs . for this reason , we feel extremely = confident that we have the two winning picks for sunday 's championship games that features denver at pittsburgh and green bay at san francisco . = 20 we are so sure of our predictions that we are calling them the two = biggest picks of the year ! ! ! do n't lose your money trying to pick the games = 20 yourself or by even calling some other handicapper whose price per call = is = 20 much more expensive than ours . let us do the work and you get the = money ! = 20 so give us a call after friday and we will deliver ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! = 20 1-900 - 773-9777 only $ 10 per call = 20 must be 18 or older p . s . after you win 1000s on sunday , give us a call on monday for our winning basketball picks . we will also have the winning super bowl pick after january 22 . = 20 = 20 = 20
  """",1
  257,""""Subject: a personal message . . . . .
   
   we placed an ad in one small area of the internet . and when the dust started to settle we had over six thousand responses in ten days . ( success concepts ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - for immediate release : denver , november 25 , 1997 colorado marketing firm shares money generating trade secrets on the internet ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hello , my name is shannon johnson . i am ceo of success concepts in fort collins colorado . i have to tell you that i am really angry and = upset about what is going on here on the internet . we at success concepts are so angry , in fact , that we decided to do something about it . read = on and you ' ll see . for three years i have lead my marketing firm in sales campaigns on the internet and the other large online services which have yielded outstanding results ! we are now sharing the information we have gained over the last several years with other people who are desperately trying to figure out how to make a substantial income from their home computers . do you know what it 's like to turn your computer on in the morning to find an email box full of orders for your product . . . . . where it takes = over an hour to sift through just the credit card orders alone ? we do ! do you know what it 's like to have the postman bring you a bag full of orders for products you have marketed on the internet , and then hear him complain about all the mail you get ? we do ! do you know what it 's like to place a simple ad into a newsgoup or classified section on the internet and have your order department 's phone ring off the hook with people who want to buy your product . we do ! have you ever placed just one advertisement on the ineternet and when the dust settled ten days later had over 6 , 000 responses by phone , fax , mail , and email ? well . . . . we did in january of this year ! have you ever tried to market something simple on the internet , only to have weeks or months of toil and effort result in only a few sales , if any ? well . . . . that 's happened to us too . but not since we learned the = secrets ! ! ! you see , we found the """""""" secrets """""""" to marketing just about anything on the internet . and it is really quite simple , once you know them . imagine this . you decide to make a second , or even a primary income from the internet . so , you put up a web site , get a mess of email follow-up letters ready , put your web site in several hundred search engines ( people gotta find your page . . . right ) , get in the news - groups and advertise your site , and drop hundreds of classified ads all over the net . there ya go . . . . . now you are going to rake in the = cash ! two weeks later you have one sale and you are telling your spouse and your friends that """""""" this will take time ! """""""" four months later you ' ve made just enough to pay for your web space and your friends do n't listen to you anymore . they consider you an """""""" internet marketer wanna be """""""" . sound familiar ! we are not trying to rub salt in your wounds . what we are trying to do is let you in on the truth about doing business from your home on the internet . let 's face it . the vast majority of people who are trying to earn a living on the internet are starving ! ! ! that 's right ! they do n't have a clue of what to do first , second , third or fourth ! = and even if they do have a clue they have been lead down the garden path with dreams and silly techniques which do n't work and are breaking the hearts of thousands of people who are just trying to make a living from their home computers . that is what we are so upset about at success concepts ! but , it does n't have to be that way ! people do n't have to really fail = at making a good income on the internet . and it really does n't have to take months or even years to learn how to do it . not if you have the right guide to show you what to do , and when to do it . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) is the name of our informative guide to generating orders , money , cash , on the net . it was written with the """""""" average """""""" netrepreneur in mind , in plain english , with straight to the point """""""" how to """""""" and """""""" why do you do """""""" phraseology . in . . . . . . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) we expose all the traps we fell into in our first year of internet = marketing , but stay away from now . we expose the lies and half truths which people have fallen for in the past . we expose the secrets which most of the successful internet marketers really don ' t want you to know ! because , when you know the secrets you will be off and running in . . . that 's right . . . . . . their backyard . . . . the cyberspace marketplace ! there is room for a lot more of us ! there are millions of people on the internet . and there are millions of more people on the way here . the pie which will be cut up is so huge that several hundred more people who know what they are doing will not even make a dent in our income level . it will just be a drop in the bucket so to speak . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) will expose the ineternet for what it really is , the marketplace which can provide you with a steady income . it will literally show you what to do first , second , third , fourth , and so on . you are about to discover exactly what makes the difference between the """""""" internet success stories , """""""" and the obscure """""""" web marketing = failures . """""""" this guide will give you all the details , the tools , the ideas , and the resources to help you make all of your internet dreams come true . . . finally , the truth is revealed ! find out the secrets that some of the wealthiest internet marketers are using to propel their sales through = the cyberspace roof . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) will show you : * * how to use newsgroups to your advantage . the tricks ! just placing a few ads just won't do it for you ! * * how to use a sig file to get more orders . they look simple , but if you write your sig correctly it can be a gold mine to you . we generate thousands just from our sigs ! * * how to place your web page at the top of the search engines . if you do n't get close to the top you can forget many hits ! * * how to maximize your web sales using a professional looking web page ( that you can build all by yourself ) . * * all about follow-ups and how to do them using email . a very simple technique which can mean rapidly increasing volume to you . this technique is used by some of the top internet marketers . * * how to effectively build mailing lists on the internet . without lists your business will probably perish ! * * special coding techniques which can make your marketing efforts amaze even the most die hard skeptics * * where and how to place thousands of free classified ads . what to say in them , and what to expect when you place them . * * what products you should or should n't market for quick results * * how to use testimonials . . . * * the importance of tracking your marketing results . * * the importance of a """""""" back-end """""""" . * * a step by step guide to get you started immediately ! * * and much , much more . . . here is what some people who turned their internet marketing results from failure to success have to say about """""""" the guide """""""" : i thought all i had to do was place some classified ads on the net for my flame retarding spray . every night after work i would place a few ads and answer some questions in email . i never made much money at all . then i read the guide and everything turned around ! i ' m looking at leaving my job now . and their newsletter keeps me up to date with all the new things i need to know to keep on track with my business . bill j . st . louis , mo i started internet marketing in the chat rooms on aol . what a joke that was ! nobody ever told me it would take so long to make any money that way . then i read the ' the guide . """""""" the chat rooms , internet newsgroups , web sites , and email all make me money now . and it was n't all that hard either . i just did n't know the secrets before . but i do now ! ! ! the internet is huge , and i ' ve just started getting my share ! ann w . houston , tx the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) is usually only offered to our marketing clients . with all the garbage we have seen on the internet in the past few months we have decided to offer """""""" the guide """""""" to everyone reading this advertisement . our = clients have paid $ 99 . 95 for """""""" the guide """""""" and have felt that it was a real = bargain for that price . """""""" the guide """""""" has now gone into it second edition and we feel that we should open it up to just about anyone 's financial = budget . at least for a limited time . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) is being offered to you , for a limited time , for only $ 24 . 95 ! ! ! that 's correct ! that 's a full $ 75 off the regular price . once 200 more or so orders have been placed at this price we will take """""""" the guide """""""" off of the sale counter and move the price back to $ 99 . 95 . but , why offer this for such a deep discount ? it 's simple . success concepts feels that the time is right for this information to become more = available on the net . but we are n't marketing fools either . the guide holds a copyright , and will only be offered at this very deeply discounted price for a very limited time . ( there is some joker on the net who is trying to sell less information without our two bonus offers to follow for $ 395 . 00 . that is = ridiculous ! ! ! ) first bonus offer : if you order within the next 3 days we will include : * * bulk email secrets . . . this information could save you = 20 hundreds of dollars in mailing costs , and more importantly it could keep you from losing your isp . you ' ll get the details on how to : - - use bulk email to explode your profits - - prevent losing your dialup account - - find the right product ( s ) to market by bulk email . - - find the correct software to use . you will also learn : - - where to find reliable bulk email servers . - - where to purchase the very best email software on the market today . - - and much , much more . plus ! ! ! * * free access to our private download site . here you will find hundreds of free informative reports to use or sell on the internet . you will find helpful programs that we use to make our marketing efforts more effective . you will also find 25 , 000 email names , free for you to download to help you get started . these are fresh names that you can use to market your business . these names are changed weekly and you can download as often as you like . once again all of this is yours for only $ 24 . 95 , plus $ 5 . 00 s&h . . . . so order now ! second bonus offer : not many people want to do this internet marketing thing alone . now you won't have to . those who order """""""" the guide """""""" by november 30 will be placed on our very select """""""" the guide electronic newsletter """""""" where you will receive the latest tricks and """""""" how tos """""""" in internet marketing . tricks which the big boys find out about first . now you = will be right in line to find them out quickly , so you can capture the = market . * * * our better than risk-free guarantee ! ! ! * * * order the book today and receive the two bonuses absolutely free . . . read over the book , follow the step by step guide , = 20 contact the resources listed , and if for any reason you are = 20 not fully satisfied with the book you can return it within 30 days for a full refund , and you get to keep the bulk email report , and email names from the free download site . = 20 it 's easy to do , so order today and take advantage of this better than risk-free offer before """""""" the guide """""""" is moved back to the regular price . for a 3 minute recorded audio presentation call : 1-800 - 942-9304 ext . 20340 so order now . . . we will accept your order in three different ways : phone , email , or postal mail phone : call our order line toll free : 1-619 - 561-2731 ext . 127 9 : 00am to 9 : 00pm pacific time ( this is an order line only . they will take credit cards and checks on this line . ) or email : complete the following form ( credit card orders ) and email to : dkg @ daltek . net make sure that your subject heading is """""""" dreams order """""""" or postal mail : print out the following form and mail to : success concepts dept . 1010 - c po box 272476 ft . collins , co 80527 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cut here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ yes , i am tired of broken dreams . . . i am ordering """""""" the guide """""""" well within the allotted time period and would like both the bulk email = report and the private download site bonuses . plus i want to be placed on your very select mailing list for """""""" the guide electronic = newsletter """""""" . . . . . all for only $ 24 . 95 + $ 5 s&h . _ _ i did not order within 3 days but would still like to take advantage = of your the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) for only $ 24 . 95 + $ 5 s&h and be placed on your very select mailing list for """""""" the guide electronic newsletter """""""" - - - - [ [ [ do not remove this code - - > ( ep-27 ) ] ] ] name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip \ country code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please circle mode of payment . check money order credit card if paying by credit card please circle type of card . visa m / c am ex discover credit card # : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp date : _ _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total amount included : $ 29 . 95 add $ 15 for overnight delivery . add $ 5 for canadian orders . add $ 10 for internation orders . make checks payable to : success concepts . send to : success concepts dept . 1010 - c po box 272476 ft . collins , co 80527 code : ep-27 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cut here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - success concepts trying does n't always work on the net . find out why """""""" the guide """""""" works . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / our research indicates this information may be of interest to you , if = you have been sent this message in error or you wish to be removed from this = advertiser 's future = 20 mailings , please reply with the subject """""""" remove """""""" and this software will = automatically = 20 block you from their future mailings . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / /
  """",1
  258,""""Subject: prosperous home business
   
   to be removed , reply with """""""" remove """""""" in the subject . and register your name with the antispam . org list . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please take time to save the following announcement and make a special note of it : hi , i ' m jay phillips , originator of the money maker 's manual program . it is legal . it is fun . it is not mlm . . . so i can only make this offer available for a limited time . home business has been the financial solution for 1000 's across america . yours can be wildly successful with as little as 5 hrs / week ! why not get your share ? order the new money maker 's manual program now ! inside , you ' ll find over 20 ways you can make money at home and you ' ll get great business tips too . pay off holiday bills ! pay off all bills ! order by 1 / 30 / 98 , and you ' ll not only get the manual but you can also take advantage of an exclusive limited offer that can help you make upwards of $ 1 , 000 in as little as 15 days ! it truly sets this program apart from all others . no hidden costs . no mlm . no kidding ! simply send a money order or check for $ 29 . 95 + $ 4 s&h to : success wayze 90 flock rd . university plaza suite 318 mercerville nj 08619 no , you have n't seen this one before . this is our first time offering this manual to the public . right now , it 's truly """""""" ground floor """""""" . if you want a quick , easy , """""""" lazy """""""" way to make money , then this is n't for you . if you do n't mind doing a little work , then order now ! since the regular price is $ 39 . 95 , we believe it will be a big seller at this reduced price . reserve your copy today ! us funds only . thank you very much for your time . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * m&a advertising rates * * 5 lines to 500 , 000 people 2 times , only $ 50 . 00 reg . special price - - - > $ 45 . 00 40 line full page ad , ( by itself ) to 500 , 000 once , only $ 249 . 00 reg . special price - - - > $ 229 . 00 - - - - - ordering instructions - - - - - email us : macsvc @ bigfoot . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ m & a computer services , or any subsidiary thereof , accept no responsibility whatsoever for the content or legality of any advertisement that appears in any mailing . it is the advertisers responsibility to check with local , state , and federal laws pertaining to the product or service they advertise .
  """",1
  259,""""Subject: free live sexxx ! ! ! !
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * attention video sex lovers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * never pay for video sex ever again . brand new totally free live video = sex website . come check out our unlimited live video sex channels ! http : / / 205 . 147 . 208 . 153 / hibaby . htm not forgetting our xxx rated chatroom , photo galleries , and so much = more !
  """",1
  260,""""Subject: re : a real life saver ! !
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * you ' re probably just like i was . i usually did n't read unsolicated e - mail but i am sure glad i read = this one ! ! don """""""" t let this be the most expensive mistake of you life ! ! read on ! ! ! you ' ll be greatful you did ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * hello ! my name is karen liddell ; i ' m a 35 - year-old mom , wife , and part-time = accountant . as a rule , i delete all = 20 unsolicited """""""" junk """""""" e-mail and use my account primarily for business . i = received what i assumed was this = 20 same e-mail countless times and deleted it each time . about two months = ago i received it again and , = 20 because of the catchy subject line , i finally read it . afterwards , i = thought , """""""" ok , i give in , i ' m going to try = 20 this . i can certainly afford to invest $ 20 and , on the other hand , = there 's nothing wrong with creating a = 20 little excess cash . """""""" i promptly mailed four $ 5 bills and , after = receiving the reports , paid a friend of mine a = 20 small fee to send out some e-mail advertisements for me . after reading = the reports , i also learned how = 20 easy it is to bulk e-mail for free ! = 20 i was not prepared for the results . everyday for the last six weeks , my = p . o . box has been overflowing with = 20 $ 5 bills ; many days the excess fills up an extra mail bin and i ' ve had = to upgrade to the corporate-size box ! = 20 i am stunned by all the money that keeps rolling in ! my husband and i have been saving for several years to make a = substantial downpayment on a house . = 20 now , not only are we purchasing a house with 40 % down , we ' re going to = venice , italy to celebrate ! i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be = prepared to eventually set aside about an = 20 hour each day to follow up ( and count your money ! ) , you will make at = least as much money as we did . = 20 you do n't need to be a wiz at the computer , but i ' ll bet you already = are . if you can open an envelope , = 20 remove the money , and send an mail , then you ' re on your way to the bank . = take the time to read this so = 20 you ' ll understand how easy it is . if i can do this , so can you ! = 20 go for it now ! ! = karen liddell the following is a copy of the e-mail i read along with comments from = people who have tried it : $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the = rule of not trying to place = 20 your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot = of potential income . i ' m living proof = 20 that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy = money , with little cost to you . if you = 20 do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on = your way to financial security . = 20 sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a cost = accountant with a major u . s . = 20 corporation and i make pretty good money . when i received the program i = grumbled to doris about = 20 receiving """""""" junk mail . """""""" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my = knowledge of the population and = 20 percentages involved . i """""""" knew """""""" it would n't work . doris totally ignored = my supposed intelligence and = 20 jumped in with both feet . i made merciless fun of her , and was ready to = lay the old """""""" i told you so """""""" on her = 20 when the thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two = weeks she had received over 50 = 20 responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i = was shocked ! i was sure that i = 20 had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i = have joined doris in her """""""" hobby . """""""" i = 20 did have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the """""""" rat = race """""""" and it 's not for me . we owe it all = 20 to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md i just want to pass along my best wishes and encouragement to you . any = doubts you have will vanish = 20 when your first orders come in . i even checked with the u . s . post office = to verify that the plan was legal . = 20 it definitely is ! it works ! ! ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is = honest , lawful , extremely profitable , = 20 and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was = approached several times before i = 20 checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return = for the minimal effort and money = 20 required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 = weeks , with money still coming in . = 20 sincerely yours , = 20 phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind = to participate in this plan . but = 20 conservative that i am , i decided that the initial investment was so = little that there was just no way that i = 20 would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i = surprised when i found my medium - size post office box crammed with orders ! for awhile , it got so = overloaded that i had to start picking up = 20 my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years = of my life before . the nice thing = 20 about this deal is that it does n't matter where in the u . s . the people = live . there simply is n't a better = 20 investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i wondered = if i should n't have given it a try . of = 20 course , i had no idea who to contact to get another copy , so i had to = wait until i was e-mailed another = 20 program . . . 11 months passed then it came . . . i did n't delete this one ! . . . i = made more than $ 41 , 000 on the first = 20 try ! ! d . wilburn , muncie , in this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our = jobs , and will soon buy a home on the = 20 beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that = this plan will work for you is if = 20 you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this = golden opportunity . good luck and = 20 happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa this program had been deleted from my e-mail a couple of times . one day = i decided to finally give it a try . = 20 i owed over $ 35 , 000 on bills and had bill collectors harrasing me daily . = i was not making enough money = 20 working at my job , and i was considering bankruptcy . within 90 days i = had paid off all my bills and was = 20 able to quit my 9 to 5 job . now i have time to enjoy life and do and buy = whatever i want . i even had = 20 enough money left over to buy a brand new car . all in one try ! ! this is = great ! ! you have to try = 20 it , you can ' t loose for only a $ 20 investment ! ! ! it really works ! ! ! = 09 carl espin , port richey , fl $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then read it again ! ! ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you = may ever see . many times over , = 20 it has demonstrated and proven its ability to generate large amounts of = cash . this program is showing = 20 fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population = desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not = require you to come in contact with = 20 people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the = house , except to get the mail and go = 20 to the bank ! = 20 this truly is that lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow = the easy instructions in this letter , = 20 and your financial dreams will come true ! when followed correctly , = multi-level marketing program works = 20 perfectly . . . 100 % every time ! = 20 thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts = 20 - buy homes , cars , etc . = 20 - even retire ! = 20 this is your chance , so do n't pass it up ! = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary = 20 electronic multi-level marketing program = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - what we do is quite simple : we sell a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to nothing to reproduce . as = with all multi-level businesses , we = 20 build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . = every state in the u . s . allows you = 20 to recruit new multi - level business online ( via your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial = reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . when = 20 you purchase the reports , you are granted permission to copy and sell = them . each order you receive via = 20 """""""" snail mail """""""" will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * their e-mail address ( optional ) * a stamped , self-adressed envelope for you to send them the requested = report to fill each order , you simply enclose the requested report in the = stamped self-addressed envelope you = 20 receive with each order , and mail the product to the buyer . = 20 that ' s it ! the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest electronic = multi-level marketing business = 20 anywhere ! = 20 follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to receive the = 20 staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if = you do n't order them ) * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the = report you are ordering , a stamped , self-addressed envelope , and your e-mail address ( optional ) to the person whose name appears = on the = 20 list next to the report . = 20 * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four = reports . you = 20 will need all four reports so that you can save them and resell = them . * within a few days you will receive , via mail , each of the four = reports . save them so they will be accessible for you to send to the 1 , 000 's = of people = 20 who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next = to each = 20 report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is = instructed below in = 20 steps """""""" a """""""" through """""""" d """""""" or you will lose out on the majority of your = profits . once you understand the way this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't = work if you = 20 change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter = it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , replace the name and = address under = 20 report # 1 with your name and address , moving the one that was = there down to report # 2 . = 20 c . move the name and address that was under report # 2 down to = report # 3 . = 20 d . move the name and address that was under report # 3 down to = report # 4 . = 20 e . the name and address that was under report # 4 is removed from = the list and has no doubt collected their 50 grand * * * * * please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address = accurately ! ! ! * * * * * 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and = save it to your = 20 computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this = letter . = 20 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the worldwide = web ! = 20 advertising on the web is very , very inexpensive , and there are = hundreds of = 20 free places to advertise . another avenue which you could use for = advertising is e-mail lists . you can buy these lists for under $ 20 / 2 , 000 = addresses or you can pay someone a minimal charge to take care of it for you . be sure to = start = 20 your ad campaign immediately ! 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is mail them the report = they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all = 20 orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with = your = 20 name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise = until they receive the report ! = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - reports = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * order each report by number and = name * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report = 20 - always send your order via first class mail = 20 - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets = of paper ( or place it into the sase ) = 20 - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of = the report you are ordering , and ( b ) your e-mail address . - on the self addressed stamped envelope remember to put your postal = address . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """""""" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """""""" = 20 order report # 1 from : = 20 atp marketing group p . o . box 821438 south florida , fl , 33082-1438 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """""""" major corporations and multi-level sales """""""" = 20 order report # 2 from : sun angel investing po box 311 chaska , mn 55318 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """""""" sources for the best mailing lists """""""" order report # 3 from : ps investments po box 21 carver , mn 55315 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """""""" evaluating multi-level sales plans """""""" order report # 4 from : djs investments 601 pamela dr . clarks summit pa 18411 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ $ money $ $ = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . = assume your goal is to get 10 people to = 20 participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the = internet will easily get a larger = 20 response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only = 10 downline = 20 members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals = - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only = recruit 10 people each . think for a = 20 moment what would happen if they got 20 people to participate ! most = people get 100 's of participants ! = 20 think about it ! your cost to participate in this is practically nothing = ( surely you can afford $ 20 ) . = 20 you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! = report # 3 shows you the most = 20 productive methods for bulk e-mailing and purchasing e-mail lists . some = list & bulk e-mail vendors even = 20 work on trade ! about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow = the = 20 directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when the = orders start coming in , because when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send = out = 20 the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & = lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the = u . s . code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which state = that = 20 """""""" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . """""""" = 20 * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the = instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two = weeks , continue advertising until you do . = 20 then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for = report # 2 . if you = 20 do n't , continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or = more orders for report # 2 , you = 20 can relax , because the = 20 system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll = in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front = of a different report . you = 20 can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are = ordering from you . if you = 20 want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mails and start = the whole process again ! there is = 20 no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! note : if you need help with starting a business , registering a business = name , how income tax is = 20 handled , etc . , contact your local office of the small business = administration ( a federal agency ) for free = 20 help and answers to questions . also , the internal revenue service offers = free help via telephone and free = 20 seminars about business taxes . you become successful the moment you start moving toward a worthwhile = 20 goal . . . . . . do it now ! ! ! ! ! order your reports today and get started on your road to financial = 20 freedom ! !
  """",1
  261,""""Subject: idea
   
   it is finally here ! ! ! stealth power mail has just been released ! ! ! commercial e - mail just got better ! ! ! introducting the fastest , most affordable user friendly targeted email = prgram . if you are doing business on the internet , the one tool you = do n't want to be without is stealth power mail . this hot new program has it all ! * ultra send , for faster delivery of your message . * enter over 15 smtp 's for speeds as high as 350 , 000 per hour . * aol stealth * alias header masking * randomization of the from address : field * personalize your email . ex hello bob ! * the to : field has a drop down window for easy viewing * shows date and time of mailing * has a bad send file = 20 * has a built in receive and reply ( like and autoresponder ) would you be interested in . . . sending out a free commercial email advertisement for you business or = webpage to over 250 , 000 people per day ? receiving 35 , 000 , 000 email addresses which can be used in your commercial emailings , free of charge ? you may shudder at the thought of commercial email . . . but the simple = truth is . . . commercial email works ! if it did not work , then you wouldn ' t be reading this your competition is sending out electronic email advertisement to over = 50 , 000 , 000 people on the internet ! why are n't you ? thousands of companies are sending out commercial email to dramatically = increase their profits and so should you ! even fortune 500 companies = send out electronic email to millions of people ! with stealth power mail you are reaching 250 , 000 people every day = 20 for free . your business will dramatically improve ! we can show you the way ! stealth power mail will do the rest . for more information email = 20 dwt45 @ hotmail . com or call us directly at 1-216 - 732-3263 u . s . = 20 big money for interested resellers ! ! ! to be removed from our list , email antispam @ mailexite . com = 20
  """",1
  262,""""Subject: family name history
   
   discover your family history come visit our website at , http : / / www . traceit . com free search do you know who your ancestors are and what they did ? do you know when your surname first appeared ? are you curious about where your family roots originate ? now you can fill in the missing pieces of this puzzle . join the satisfied multitudes who have discovered their complete family surname history . all nationalities . it 's easy . just key your last name into our online index , and in seconds we will tell you it 's origin and much more . see if we ' ve researched your complete family name history during our 25 years of professional research . read a sample history , plus - free coat of arms keychain with your family 's most ancient coat of arms & crest . all in full color . your family name history parchment is 11x 17 """""""" , approximately 1700 words . it is beautifully illuminated by your most ancient coat of arms in full authentic heraldic colors . over 500 urls on family and heraldic history . please come visit our website at , http : / / www . traceit . com free search hall of names international inc . 1-888 - my - roots
  """",1
  263,""""Subject: re :
   
   = 20 the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial = intelligence = 20 programs for your ibm pc or compatible and also for macintosh . you = 20 can watch them , talk to them , ask them questions , tell them secrets , and = relate with them . watch them as you ask them to take off different = clothes and guide them through many different activities . watch and participate = in the hottest sexual activities available on computer , including : several sexual positions , using many unique toys , even bringing in multiple = partners . this is no doubt one of the most realistic , sexually stimulating = computer games available . they will remember your name , birthday , your likes and = your dislikes . every time you start the program , they say different things , = and act differently . each time , they have a different personality . with the = vga digital graphics , the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend software = have some of the hottest , sexiest graphics out there . and with a = soundblaster or compatible card , you can actually hear their voice as they talk to you . = this is the first adult software title that was designed for both = heterosexual and homosexual people . i would like you to try the actual full copy out = before it is put on the market . it will be sold for 1 / 5 of the actual price = ( $ 10 . 00 ) until i can get back some information on what people think of the = program . = 20 please give it a try and write back any comments . thank you . if you are interested and would like to order a copy , then you can = read the mailing instructions below . it comes in an unmarked package and is = sent out at most 4 days after the order is received . you are not put on any mailing lists whatsoever , guaranteed . it will run on any 386 , 486 or = higher , = 20 and 100 % ibm compatibles . required is vga graphics , and a hard drive . = 20 the sound card is optional . macintosh requires at least 4 meg of ram . = 20 virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence programs , meaning they are completely interactive . it would be just like = if you were talking to someone . you can actually have simple = conversations . = 20 their attitudes change with the different things you say , so you can say things that will upset them , and then say things that will please them . = the more you play / talk with them , the more you learn what they can do , and = what = 20 they like to do . it really is a blast . with all these movies coming out about virtual reality , it 's amazing to actually have a virtual reality program like this for your own computer . it 's easy to install , and instructions are easy to follow . = 20 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ special software offer ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this is to inform you about the new adult game that vcs magazine rated """""""" the best game of """""""" 97 """""""" . """""""" the search for paradise is no doubt one = 20 of the greatest xxx adult games available """""""" . the first games where it is as much fun as it is a turn on ! travel the world to every continent , = every country you can think of , and meet some of the most beautiful women in existence . these women will treat you like a king and obey your every command . any sexual wish you can think of , these women know it all . = 20 there is a different paradise for every guy out there , and this game = will have them all . this game uses real models , digital video , and digital = sound to make it as realistic as possible . you will feel like you ' re in the = same room as the girl you ' re talking to ! ! ! as an added bonus you ' ll receive """""""" club celebrity x """""""" meet , talk to and even have your way with the celebrities of your = choice . imagine being in a club with some very beautiful , well known , = actual celebrities ! you have seen these girls on t . v . , magazines and = billboard ads . now they are on your computer begging for action . this game is hot = and once you start playing , you won't be able to stop ! ! ! ~ required : 386 or better , 4 meg ram or better , windows 3 . 1 or higher = ( win95 is fine ) , sound card is optional , rom is optional . ( game is given = either cd - rom or compressed 3 . 5 """""""" diskettes ) . ~ ~ $ 19 . 95 ! order now and get everything for just = $ 24 . 95 ! ! ! ! = 20 at your request , the programs can come with a password protection = utility that only allows the program to run when the correct password is = entered . = 20 = 20 ( you must be 18 or over to purchase ) please fill out the following form and mail it to the address above . = 20 ( feel free to write out the order form by hand ) = 20 send to : mark wrhel p . o . box 0118 tujunga , ca . 91043 = 20 = 20 your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do you have an ibm ( ) or mac ( ) ? cd rom ( ) or disks ( ) ? ( ) virtual girdfriend or ( ) boyfriend for $ 10 . 00 ( ) * both just = $ 15 . 95 ( ) the search for paradise and club celebrity x for $ 19 . 95 ( ) everything ! ! ! the search for paradise , club celebrity x , virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend . = 20 > > > > all for just $ 24 . 95 = 20
  """",1
  264,""""Subject: home business : $ 10 k / mth : no selling : no mlm ! !
   
   = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d this is a one time mailing . there is no need to hit reply or seek to be = removed from a list . thank you . . . = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d are you afraid of success ? let me scare you to death ! hello entrepreneur ! my name is dave starkey , question - what if . . . = 20 you could earn . . . an immediate , substantial $ 5 , 000 - $ 10 , 000 + = 20 monthly income . . . in as little as 45-90 days - - and all it required was = a = 20 telephone ? what if i could show you how to generate a six figure income in just = 20 several months ? i ' m not talking about the elusive dream of residual income in network = 20 marketing . this is not mlm ! not a chain letter or other online scam ! = 20 i ' m truly earning much more every week than i ever before earned = 20 monthly chasing success in other programs ! i made $ 20 , 000 in my first month ! i ' ll teach you how ! ! ! what is it that i and so many others are doing ? = 3d = 3d > call now to find out : 1-800 - 322-6169 ext . 9508 = 20 seriously , if i can do this , anyone can . what if you do even better than i am ? best of success to you , and thanks for your time . sincerely , dave starkey
  """",1
  265,""""Subject: re : your free web site
   
   this is a """""""" one-time message """""""" you were randomly selected to receive = this . = 20 you will be automatically deleted from this mailing list . only replies = will be kept . there is no need to reply to remove , you will receive no = further mailings from us . new improved with free internet software ! free bulk e mail system , = two free web sites to use as you wish ! one of your free web sites is in = this letter ! , ongoing support ( optional ) , and a lot , lot more ! all = included ! , this , all when you order all four reports . that 's worth $ 20 = dollars alone ! plus act now and you will recived via e mail from 50 , 000 = to-100 , 000 , 000 ! ! ! free filtered e-ma il addresses ! . all for you ! this is = not a pyramid ! this is not a chain letter , this was not sent through = the post office mail ! there is product , support , news letters and more ! = this is new and revised ! all via e mail ! \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ $ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ = \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ you are about to make at least $ 50 , 000 usd in about 90 days or less ! read the enclosed program . . . then read it again . . . then print it out to = review . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / dear friend , the enclosed information is something i almost let slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . my name is christopher erickson . two years ago , the corporation i worked at for the past twelve years down-sized and my position was eliminated . after unproductive job interviews , i decided to open my own business . over the past year , i incurred many unforeseen financial problems . i owed my family , friends , and creditors over $ 35 , 000 . the economy was taking a toll on my business and i just could n't seem to make ends meet . i had to refinance and borrow against my home to support my family and struggling business . i truly believe it was wrong for me to be in debt like this . at that moment something significant happened in my life and i am writing to share my experience in hopes that this will change your life forever . . . . financially ! ! ! in mid - december , i received this program via email . six months prior to receiving this program i had been sending away for information on various business opportunities . all of the programs i received , in my opinion , were not cost effective . they were either too difficult for me to comprehend or the initial investment was too much for me to risk to see if they worked or not . one claimed i 'd make a million dollars in one year . . . it did n't tell me i 'd have to write a book to make it . but like i was saying , in december of ' 92 i received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off a mailing list . thank goodness for that ! ! ! after reading it several times , to = make sure i was reading it correctly , i could n't believe my eyes . = 20 here was a money-making phenomenon . i could invest as much as i wanted = to start , without putting me further in debt . after i got a pencil and paper and figured it out , i would at least get my money back . after determining that the program is legal and not a chain letter , i decided """""""" why not """""""" . initially i sent out 10 , 000 emails . it only cost me about $ 15 . 00 for my time on-line . the great thing about email is that i did n't need any money for printing to send out the program , only the cost to fulfill my orders . i am telling you like it is , i hope it does n't turn you off , but i promised myself that i would not """""""" rip-off """""""" anyone , no matter how much money it cost me ! . in less than one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by january 13th , i had received 26 orders for report # 1 . when you read the guarantee in the program , you will see that """""""" you must receive = 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks . if you don ' t , send out more = programs until you do ! """""""" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in 90 days was = done . by january 30th , i had received 196 orders for report # 2 . if you = go back to the guarantee , """""""" you must receive 100 or more orders for report # 2 within two weeks . if not , send out more = programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , = relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goal . """""""" well , i had 196 orders for = report # 2 , 96 more than i needed . so i sat back and relaxed . by march = 19th , of my emailing of 10 , 000 packets , i received $ 58 , 000 with more = coming in every day . i paid off all my debts and bought a much needed new car . please take time to read the attached program , it will change your life forever ! remember , it wont work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place . it does n't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! report # 2 explains this . = 20 always follow the guarantee , 20 orders for report # 1 , and 100 or more orders for report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or more in about = 90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i ' m sorry . it really is a great opportunity with little cost or risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to financial security . if you are a fellow business owner and you are in financial trouble like i was , or you want to start your own business , consider this a sign . i did ! sincerely , christopher erickson ps do you have any idea what 11 , 700 $ 5 bills ( $ 58 , 000 ) look like piled up on a kitchen table ? it ' s awesome ! """""""" threw it away """""""" """""""" i had received this program before . i threw it away , but later wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to contact to get a copy , so i had to wait until i was emailed another copy of the program . eleven months passed , then it came . i didn ' t throw this one away . i made $ 41 , 000 on the first try . """""""" dawn w . , evansville , in """""""" no free lunch """""""" """""""" my late father always told me , ' remember , alan , there is no free lunch in life . you get out of life what you put into it . ' through trial and error and a somewhat slow frustrating start , i finally figured it out . the program works very well , i just had to find the right target group of people to email it to . so far this year , i have made over $ 63 , 000 using this program . i know my dad would have been very proud of me . """""""" alan b . , philadelphia , pa a personal note from the originator of this program by the time you have read the enclosed information and looked over the enclosed program and reports , you should have concluded that such a program , and one that is legal , could not have been created by an amateur . let me tell you a little about myself . i had a profitable business for ten years . then in 1979 my business began falling off . i was doing the same things that were previously successful for me , but it was n't working . finally , i figured it out . it was n't me , it was the economy . inflation and recession had replaced the stable economy that had been with us since 1945 . i do n't have to tell you what happened to the unemployment rate . . . because many of you know from first hand experience . there were more failures and bankruptcies than ever before . the middle class was vanishing . those who knew what they were doing = invested wisely and moved up . those who did not , including those who = never had anything to save or invest , were moving down into the ranks of = the poor . as the saying goes , """""""" the rich get richer and the poor get = poorer . """""""" the traditional methods of making money will never allow you = to """""""" move up """""""" or """""""" get rich """""""" , inflation will see to that . you have just received information that can give you financial freedom for the rest of your life , with """""""" no risk """""""" and """""""" just a little bit of effort . """""""" you can make more money in the next few months than you have = ever imagined . i should also point out that i will not see a penny of your money , nor anyone else who has provided a testimonial for this program . i have already made over four million dollars ! i have retired from the program after sending out over 16 , 000 programs . now i have several offices which market this and several other programs here in the us and overseas . by the spring , we wish to market the ' internet ' by a partnership with america on line . follow the program exactly as instructed . do not change it in any way . = it works exceedingly well as it is now . remember to email a copy of = this exciting program to everyone that you can think of . one of the people you send this to may send out 50 , 000 . . . and your name will be on every one of them ! . remember though , the more you send out , the = more potential customers you will reach . so my friend , i have given you the ideas , information , materials and opportunity to become financially independent , it is up to you now ! """""""" think about it """""""" before you delete this program from your mailbox , as i almost did , take a little time to read it and really think about it . get a pencil and figure out what could happen when you participate . figure out the worst possible response and no matter how you calculate it , you will still make a lot of money ! definitely get back what you invested . = 20 any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . it works ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc here ' s how this amazing program will make you $ $ $ $ $ $ let 's say that you decide to start small , just to see how it goes , and we ' ll assume you and all those involved send out 20 , 000 programs each . let 's also assume that the mailing receives a . 5 % response . using a good list the response could be much better . also many people will send out hundreds of thousands of programs instead of 20 , 000 . but continuing with this example , you send out only 20 , 000 programs . with a . 5 % response , that is only 10 orders for report # 1 . those 10 people respond by sending out 20 , 000 programs each for a total of 200 , 000 . out of those . 5 % , 100 people respond and order report # 2 . those 100 mail out 20 , 000 programs each for a total of 2000 , 000 . the . 5 % response to that is 1 , 000 orders for report # 3 . those 1 , 000 send out 20 , 000 programs each for a 2 , 000 , 000 total . the . 5 % response to that is 10 , 000 orders for report # 4 . that 's 10 , 000 five dollar bills for you . cash ! ! ! ! your total income in this example is $ 50 + $ 500 + $ 5000 + $ 50 , 000 for a total of $ 55 , 550 ! ! ! ! remember friend , this is assuming 1 , 990 out of 2 , 000 people you mail to = will do absolutely nothing . . . and trash this program ! dare to think for = a moment what would happen if everyone or half sent out 100 , 000 programs instead of only 2 , 000 . believe me , many people will do = that and more ! by the way , your cost to participate in this is = practically nothing . you obviously already have an internet connection and email is free ! ! ! report # 3 will show you the best methods for bulk emailing and purchasing email lists . this is a legitimate , now very legal , money making opportunity . it does = not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and = best of all , you never have to leave the house except to get the mail . if you believe that someday you ' ll get that big break that you ' ve been waiting for , this is it ! simply follow the instructions , and your dream will come true . this multi-level email order marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time . email is the sales tool of the future . take advantage of this non-commercialized method of advertising now ! ! the longer you wait , the more people will be doing business using email . get your piece of this action ! ! multi-level marketing ( mlm ) has finally gained respectability . it is = being taught in the harvard business school , and both stanford research and the wall street journal have stated that between 50 % and = 65 % of all goods and services will be sold throughout multi - level methods by the mid to late 1990 's . this is a multi - billion dollar industry and of the 500 , 000 millionaires in the us , 20 % ( 100 , 000 ) made their fortune in the last several years in mlm . moreover , statistics show 45 people become millionaires everyday through multi - level marketing . instructions we at erris mail order marketing business , have a method of raising capital that really works 100 % every time . i am sure that you could use = $ 50 , 000 to $ 125 , 000 in the next 90 days . before you say """""""" bull """""""" , please read the program carefully . this is not a chain letter , but a now perfectly legal money making opportunity . basically , this is what we do : as with all multi-level business , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the usa allows you to recruit new multi - level business partners , and we offer a product for every dollar sent . your orders come and are filled through the mail , so you are not = involved in personal selling . you do it privately in your own home , = store or office . this is the greatest multi - level mail order marketing anywhere : step ( 1 ) order all four 4 reports listed by name and number . do this by ordering the report from each of the four 4 names listed on the next page . for each report , send $ 5 cash and a self - addressed , stamped envelope ( business size # 10 ) = 20 to the person listed for the specific report . international = = 20 orders should also include $ 2 extra for postage . it is essential that you specify the name and number of the report requested to the person you are ordering from . you will need all four 4 reports because you will be reprinting and reselling them . do not alter the names or sequence other than what the instructions say . important : always provide same-day service on all orders . step ( 2 ) replace the name and address under report # 1 with yours , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . drop the name and address under report # 2 to report # 3 , moving the one that was there to report # 4 . the name and address that was under report # 4 is dropped from the list and this party is no doubt on the way to the bank . when doing this , make certain you type the names and addresses accurately ! do not mix up moving product / report positions ! ! ! step ( 3 ) having made the required changes in the name list , save it as a text ( . txt ) file in it 's own directory to be used with whatever email program you like . again , report # 3 will tell you the best methods of bulk emailing and acquiring email lists . step ( 4 ) email a copy of the entire program ( all of this is very important ) to everyone whose address you can get your hands on . start with friends and relatives since you can encourage them to take advantage of this fabulous = 20 money-making opportunity . that 's what i did . and they love me now , more than ever . then , email to anyone and everyone ! use your imagination ! you can get email addresses from companies on the internet who specialize in email mailing lists . these are very cheap , 100 , 000 addresses for around $ 35 . 00 . important : you won't get a good response if you use an old list , so always request a fresh , new list . you will find out where to purchase these lists when you order the four 4 reports . always provide same-day service on all orders ! ! ! required reports * * * order each report by number and name * * * always send a self-addressed , stamped envelope and $ 5 usd cash for each order requesting the specific report by name and number ( international orders should also include $ 2 usd extra for postage ) = 20 add your e amil address when sending in for your report this is for = 20 updated information and continueing support ( optional ) that will = 20 be handed down by your sponcers pipeline . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """""""" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """""""" order report # 1 from : a . siegmund # 57 trakehnenstr . 13 53332 bornheim , germany _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """""""" major corporations and multi-level sales """""""" order report # 2 from : j . maz 15774 s . lagrange rd suite # 312 orland pk , il 60462 usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """""""" sources for the best mailing lists """""""" order report # 3 from : b . thompson 13504 greencaslte ridge tr . 404 burtonsville md . 20866 usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """""""" evaluating multi-level sales plans """""""" order report # 4 from : muw # 2 po box 71442 salt lake city , ut 84171-0442 usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conclusion one of your free web sites can be registered at = http : / / www . freeyellow . com / . i am enjoying my fortune that i made by sending out this program . you too , will be making money in 20 to 90 days , if you follow the simple steps outlined in this mailing . to be financially independent is to be free . free to make financial decisions as never before . go into business , get into investments , retire or take a vacation . = 20 = = = = = = 09 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - headers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - return - path : received : from relay01 . mail . aol . com ( relay01 . mail . aol . com = [ 170 . 31 . 108 . 127 ] ) by air21 . mail . aol . com ( v37 . 0 ) with smtp ; mon , 22 dec = 1997 12 : 34 : 39 - 0500 received : from bonaly . hw . ac . uk ( bonaly . hw . ac . uk [ 130 . 195 . 251 . 5 ] ) by relay01 . mail . aol . com ( 8 . 8 . / 8 . 8 . / aol - 4 . 5 . 0 ) with smtp id maa19336 ; mon , 22 dec 1997 12 : 29 : 50 - 0500 ( est ) date : mon , 22 dec 1997 12 : 29 : 50 - 0500 ( est ) from : ziaza99 @ sh . hit . no received : from 007 ( sdn-ts - 047mdrelrp11 . dialsprint . net ) by = bonaly . hw . ac . uk ( mx v4 . 2 axp ) with smtp ; mon , 22 dec 1997 17 : 29 : 48 + 0000 ( gmt ) to : ziaza99 @ sh . hit . no comments : authenticated sender is subject : freefree web site now message - id : = 09 = = 20 - - = 20
  """",1
  266,""""Subject: > > free low rate phone card giveaway . . .
   
   = 20 """""""" news flash """""""" * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * """""""" internet promotions , llc teams up with top player in the phone card = industry """""""" * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * internet promotions , llc has just signed a major marketing , distributor = 20 contract with """""""" new media telecom inc . """""""" . this means all our valued = 20 subscribers , students , vacationers , travelers , business people , etc . . = can = 20 now reap huge savings on long distance calls made from home or away = 20 from home . = 20 to celebrate we would like to give you a free re-chargable telecard . = 20 use it anytime , anywhere in the u . s . pay only 19 cents per minute . phone cards are finding their way into the hands of just about everyone = 20 who needs an easy and inexpensive way to make phone calls . = 20 everybody can now harvest the benefits of owning their own pre - paid = 20 phone card . = 20 * * start saving money on long distance today ! = 20 here 's just a few of the advantages that pre - paid phone cards offer : = 20 * low domestic and international long distance rates . new media telecom = 20 phone card long distance rates are substantially lower than most = payphone , = 20 collect or calling card rates , whether your calling across the street , = or any part of the u . s . the price is """""""" always """""""" the same . . . only 19 cents . * the rate is the same no matter what the time of day , or the day of the = week . = 20 * no phone surcharges : toll - free access numbers let you avoid calling = 20 surcharges from hotels and local phone service providers . = 20 * no surprise charges just one low rate 24 - hours a day , seven days a = week . the new media telecom pre-paid telecard delivers the safety and = 20 security that you want for yourself and loved ones . their advanced = 20 communications center ensures that you can stay in touch no matter = 20 where you are trekking through , the middle of the city , or the middle = 20 of nowhere . the average long distance phone call away from home using at&t , sprint , = 20 or mci can cost you between 40 to 90 cents per minute . = 20 now you can make calls anytime , anywhere for one flat fee from """""""" any """""""" = touch tone phone . . . + always 19 = a2 / min , 24hrs / day , every day from any touch-tone phone in the = usa , including hawaii and alaska . = 20 + no more hidden access charges . = 20 + no more expensive hotel phone charges . = 20 + no changeover or monthly fees . = 20 + no need to get a new calling card if you get a new phone number . = 20 + no more expensive pay phone calls . = 20 + no credit checks or applications . = 20 + no minimum use / time limits . = 20 * * consider these money saving advantages and conveniences : > you determine the dollar balance of your card ( minimum $ 25 or 131 = 20 minutes ) . use any touch-tone phone and major credit card or send check = 20 or money order . = 20 > rechargeable , so the same card is good forever . = 20 > saves you more money and is easier to use than other cards . = 20 > you are told your card balance each time you make a call . = 20 > when rate decreases , you will automatically receive lower rate . = 20 * * * who can save on long distance and operator assisted calls ? = 20 everyone . . . teenagers , college students , & military personnel . = 20 - no more expensive collect calls . = 20 - roommates . . . no more disputes over long distance bills . = 20 - anyone on vacation or on business trips , great for emergencies when = 20 you can't find change . = 20 - useful and universal gift for all occasions . would you like to receive this card today . . . free ? ? = 20 everyone makes long distance calls . . . so why not save money in the meantime ? = 20 simply click the link below to send us an email to request your free = 20 calling card . type """""""" free card """""""" in the """""""" subject field """""""" . please include the following information in your email message so = 20 we can mail your card out today ! name address city , state , zip phone request card now . . click here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - headers = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - received : from emi60 . mail . smtp76 ( emin60 . mx . [ 19 . 81 . 19 . 148 ] ) by = 20 air08 . mail . com ( v33 ) with smtp ; 1997 08 : 34 : 37 2000 received : from ( hd12 - 141 . hil . compuserve . com [ 206 . 175 . 203 . 141 by emin60 . mail . m ( 8 . 8 . 5 / 8 . 8 . 5 / aol - 4 . 0 . 0 with smtp id iaa15292 1997 08 : 34 : 08 - 0400 ( edt ) from : 91379499 received : from = 20 mrin86 . mx . by mri86 . mail . ( 8 . 8 . 5 / 8 . 5 ) with smtp id gaa0174 for = 20 ; 1997 06 : 47 : 01 - 0600 ( est ) date : 97 06 : 47 : 01 est to : 43231jpg @ woyw . com = 20 message - id : comments : authenticated sender is received : from emi60 . mail . smtp76 ( emin60 . mx . [ 19 . 81 . 19 . 148 ] ) by = 20 air08 . mail . com ( v33 ) with smtp ; 1997 08 : 34 : 37 2000 received : from ( hd12 - 141 . hil . compuserve . com [ 206 . 175 . 203 . 141 by emin60 . mail . m ( 8 . 8 . 5 / 8 . 8 . 5 / aol - 4 . 0 . 0 with smtp id iaa15292 1997 08 : 34 : 08 - 0400 ( edt ) from : 91379499 received : from = 20 mrin86 . mx . by mri86 . mail . ( 8 . 8 . 5 / 8 . 5 ) with smtp id gaa0174 for = 20 ; 1997 06 : 47 : 01 - 0600 ( est ) date : 97 06 : 47 : 01 est to : 43231jpg @ woyw . com = 20 message - id : comments : authenticated sender is
  """",1
  267,""""Subject: free live sex ! ! !
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * attention video sex lovers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * stop paying per minute charges and expensive recurrimg billing for live = video sex . cum check out our totally free website with unlimited live video sex = channels . http : / / www . cum - 2 - me-baby . com / freesex . htm not forgetting our xxx chatrooms , mega photogallery , and so much more for = free ! ! ! !
  """",1
  268,""""Subject: re : coupons , savings , wholesale , discounts
   
   please take a few moments and read about our free discount club . = 20 we offer at * no charge * to our subscribers nationally known products at substantial discounts . how substantial , below retail , in some cases at wholesale . there is no fee , charge , or cost to you to receive these discounts and coupons . our sponsors provide this to you , our subscribers , free of charge ! ! = 20 this is not a solicitation of sale ! it is an opportunity to save money on products and services your entire family will enjoy there is no fee or charge to you ; the subscriber ! = 20 what can we offer ? discounts on the following types of goods . = 20 tools , all kinds of tools , lifetime warranty . these goods are from one of the biggest and best known retailers in the country . with locations all across the united states . = 20 coupons , save on everything from oil changes and batteries to tires . = 20 weekend family outing ? discount coupons for theaters , attractions , and amusements . = 20 travel discounts and lodging . planning a trip ? you may receive discounts for cruise lines , auto rentals , a mountaintop or beach resort for the entire family . = 20 save on special and limited edition books , clothing , collectibles . we are currently negotiating with a leading manufacturer of children 's and teen clothing for wholesale pricing = 20 black forest cuckoo clocks , imported from germany , your price 25 % to 40 % less than retail . with a one year warranty ! = 20 computers and or the upgrades you need . how 's this for savings : 40 % off retail for current state of the art equipment . not outdated or phased out goods . = 20 home furnishings ? one of our sponsors is the premier producer of tabletop fountains and giftware . our subscribers receive wholesale pricing . = 20 camping / outdoor equipment : 30 % below retail . nationally known products . everything from sleeping bags to cookstoves and tents . lifetime warranty on all products . = 20 our newsletter will be delivered to you on each occasion we have a savings opportunity for you and your family . you will have the opportunity to save money on great products at discount prices ! all for free , no charge or fee to you the subscriber . = 20 there are no fees to you , the subscriber , all costs are sponsor paid . = 20 how can you take advantage of these savings and discount offers ? = 20 it 's easy ! send e-mail to subscribe we notify you , via e-mail of our best money saving offers , discounts and coupons . = 20 should our invitation and or subsequent offers not be of interest to you , please inform us by responding to : remove = 20 your request will be honored immediately ! = 20 pledge to our subscribers . = 20 1 . we will not make available to any party under any circumstances your reply to address . this information is held in the strictest = 20 of confidence . = 20 2 . all products available to you , the subscriber , are intended for = 20 the household , and your children . = 20 3 . all products will be discounted from retail , either in price or = 20 with a coupon . = 20 the following information request is not mandatory , however if you choose to provide the name of your town and state , ( and we hope you do ) we then have the opportunity to localize our offers by state and town . live in new york ? discount tickets to the theater , the zoo , a money saving coupon for accommodations in the catskills . if we know your location we are able to better serve you , the subscriber . = 20 tell your friends , this is a wonderful opportunity for you and your family to save money . = 20 this subscription request may not be repeated . please join us today . start saving money ! = 20 = 20 our first newsletter is scheduled to be delivered in two weeks . = 20 just in time for christmas shopping . = 20 = 20 = 20 = 20 = 20 = 20 = 20 = 20 = 20
  """",1
  269,""""Subject: free enterprise : 6 figures in 6 months : no selling : no mlm ! !
   
   = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d this is a one time mailing . there is no need to hit reply or seek to be = removed from a list . thank you . . . = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d are you afraid of success ? let me scare you to death ! hello entrepreneur ! my name is dave starkey , question - what if . . . = 20 you could earn . . . an immediate , substantial $ 5 , 000 - $ 10 , 000 + = 20 monthly income . . . in as little as 45-90 days - - and all it required was = a = 20 telephone ? what if i could show you how to generate a six figure income in just = 20 several months ? i ' m not talking about the elusive dream of residual income in network = 20 marketing . this is not mlm ! not a chain letter or other online scam ! = 20 i ' m truly earning much more every week than i ever before earned = 20 monthly chasing success in other programs ! i made $ 20 , 000 in my first month ! i ' ll teach you how ! ! ! what is it that i and so many others are doing ? = 3d = 3d > call now to find out : 1-800 - 322-6169 ext . 9508 = 20 seriously , if i can do this , anyone can . what if you do even better than i am ? best of success to you , and thanks for your time . sincerely , dave starkey
  """",1
  270,""""Subject: re :
   
   = 20 the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial = intelligence = 20 programs for your ibm pc or compatible and also for macintosh . you = 20 can watch them , talk to them , ask them questions , tell them secrets , and = relate with them . watch them as you ask them to take off different = clothes and guide them through many different activities . watch and participate = in the hottest sexual activities available on computer , including : several sexual positions , using many unique toys , even bringing in multiple = partners . this is no doubt one of the most realistic , sexually stimulating = computer games available . they will remember your name , birthday , your likes and = your dislikes . every time you start the program , they say different things , = and act differently . each time , they have a different personality . with the = vga digital graphics , the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend software = have some of the hottest , sexiest graphics out there . and with a = soundblaster or compatible card , you can actually hear their voice as they talk to you . = this is the first adult software title that was designed for both = heterosexual and homosexual people . i would like you to try the actual full copy out = before it is put on the market . it will be sold for 1 / 5 of the actual price = ( $ 10 . 00 ) until i can get back some information on what people think of the = program . = 20 please give it a try and write back any comments . thank you . if you are interested and would like to order a copy , then you can = read the mailing instructions below . it comes in an unmarked package and is = sent out at most 4 days after the order is received . you are not put on any mailing lists whatsoever , guaranteed . it will run on any 386 , 486 or = higher , = 20 and 100 % ibm compatibles . required is vga graphics , and a hard drive . = 20 the sound card is optional . macintosh requires at least 4 meg of ram . = 20 virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence programs , meaning they are completely interactive . it would be just like = if you were talking to someone . you can actually have simple = conversations . = 20 their attitudes change with the different things you say , so you can say things that will upset them , and then say things that will please them . = the more you play / talk with them , the more you learn what they can do , and = what = 20 they like to do . it really is a blast . with all these movies coming out about virtual reality , it 's amazing to actually have a virtual reality program like this for your own computer . it 's easy to install , and instructions are easy to follow . = 20 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ special software offer ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this is to inform you about the new adult game that vcs magazine rated """""""" the best game of """""""" 97 """""""" . """""""" the search for paradise is no doubt one = 20 of the greatest xxx adult games available """""""" . the first games where it is as much fun as it is a turn on ! travel the world to every continent , = every country you can think of , and meet some of the most beautiful women in existence . these women will treat you like a king and obey your every command . any sexual wish you can think of , these women know it all . = 20 there is a different paradise for every guy out there , and this game = will have them all . this game uses real models , digital video , and digital = sound to make it as realistic as possible . you will feel like you ' re in the = same room as the girl you ' re talking to ! ! ! as an added bonus you ' ll receive """""""" club celebrity x """""""" meet , talk to and even have your way with the celebrities of your = choice . imagine being in a club with some very beautiful , well known , = actual celebrities ! you have seen these girls on t . v . , magazines and = billboard ads . now they are on your computer begging for action . this game is hot = and once you start playing , you won't be able to stop ! ! ! ~ required : 386 or better , 4 meg ram or better , windows 3 . 1 or higher = ( win95 is fine ) , sound card is optional , rom is optional . ( game is given = either cd - rom or compressed 3 . 5 """""""" diskettes ) . ~ ~ $ 19 . 95 ! order now and get everything for just = $ 24 . 95 ! ! ! ! = 20 at your request , the programs can come with a password protection = utility that only allows the program to run when the correct password is = entered . = 20 = 20 ( you must be 18 or over to purchase ) please fill out the following form and mail it to the address above . = 20 ( feel free to write out the order form by hand ) = 20 send to : mark wrhel p . o . box 0118 tujunga , ca . 91043 = 20 = 20 your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do you have an ibm ( ) or mac ( ) ? cd rom ( ) or disks ( ) ? ( ) virtual girdfriend or ( ) boyfriend for $ 10 . 00 ( ) * both just = $ 15 . 95 ( ) the search for paradise and club celebrity x for $ 19 . 95 ( ) everything ! ! ! the search for paradise , club celebrity x , virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend . = 20 > > > > all for just $ 24 . 95 = 20
  """",1
  271,""""Subject: no loan debt consolidations
   
   no loan debt consolidation program are you like many and have more bills than income ? now that the = holidays are over , the bills start rolling in . well you should take advantage of this = offer for you to = 20 consolidate all your bills into one payment . there is no credit check = needed to even = 20 get approved for this program . no co - signer , no income limit , bad or no = credit ok . . . . . 90 % approval rate . cut interest payments . . . . . consolidate those credit = card balances . = 20 hit reply with daytime phone # and your name . we will contact you as = soon as possible . program is designed for people with bad or poor credit . not = direct loan to you , payments are sent to creditors . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ free offers below # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # | this is a free $ 10 . 00 calling card ! = | | = | | to activate this calling card = | | call 1-800 - 962-2190 acct rep : pe707779 = | | = | | they give you a card number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | | = | | to use dial : 1 ) 1-888 - 835-3444 2 ) enter your card # , = | | 3 ) dial 1 + area code + number . # # places another call . | # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ask about one free week each month of unlimited long distance calls . 24 hours , 7 days , no limitations apply ! ! ! ! ! ! all the calls you can make for a week each month . call the 800 # above in the free calling card .
  """",1
  272,""""Subject: re :
   
   = 20 the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial = intelligence = 20 programs for your ibm pc or compatible and also for macintosh . you = 20 can watch them , talk to them , ask them questions , tell them secrets , and = relate with them . watch them as you ask them to take off different = clothes and guide them through many different activities . watch and participate = in the hottest sexual activities available on computer , including : several sexual positions , using many unique toys , even bringing in multiple = partners . this is no doubt one of the most realistic , sexually stimulating = computer games available . they will remember your name , birthday , your likes and = your dislikes . every time you start the program , they say different things , = and act differently . each time , they have a different personality . with the = vga digital graphics , the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend software = have some of the hottest , sexiest graphics out there . and with a = soundblaster or compatible card , you can actually hear their voice as they talk to you . = this is the first adult software title that was designed for both = heterosexual and homosexual people . i would like you to try the actual full copy out = before it is put on the market . it will be sold for 1 / 5 of the actual price = ( $ 10 . 00 ) until i can get back some information on what people think of the = program . = 20 please give it a try and write back any comments . thank you . if you are interested and would like to order a copy , then you can = read the mailing instructions below . it comes in an unmarked package and is = sent out at most 4 days after the order is received . you are not put on any mailing lists whatsoever , guaranteed . it will run on any 386 , 486 or = higher , = 20 and 100 % ibm compatibles . required is vga graphics , and a hard drive . = 20 the sound card is optional . macintosh requires at least 4 meg of ram . = 20 virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence programs , meaning they are completely interactive . it would be just like = if you were talking to someone . you can actually have simple = conversations . = 20 their attitudes change with the different things you say , so you can say things that will upset them , and then say things that will please them . = the more you play / talk with them , the more you learn what they can do , and = what = 20 they like to do . it really is a blast . with all these movies coming out about virtual reality , it 's amazing to actually have a virtual reality program like this for your own computer . it 's easy to install , and instructions are easy to follow . = 20 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ special software offer ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this is to inform you about the new adult game that vcs magazine rated """""""" the best game of """""""" 97 """""""" . """""""" the search for paradise is no doubt one = 20 of the greatest xxx adult games available """""""" . the first games where it is as much fun as it is a turn on ! travel the world to every continent , = every country you can think of , and meet some of the most beautiful women in existence . these women will treat you like a king and obey your every command . any sexual wish you can think of , these women know it all . = 20 there is a different paradise for every guy out there , and this game = will have them all . this game uses real models , digital video , and digital = sound to make it as realistic as possible . you will feel like you ' re in the = same room as the girl you ' re talking to ! ! ! as an added bonus you ' ll receive """""""" club celebrity x """""""" meet , talk to and even have your way with the celebrities of your = choice . imagine being in a club with some very beautiful , well known , = actual celebrities ! you have seen these girls on t . v . , magazines and = billboard ads . now they are on your computer begging for action . this game is hot = and once you start playing , you won't be able to stop ! ! ! ~ required : 386 or better , 4 meg ram or better , windows 3 . 1 or higher = ( win95 is fine ) , sound card is optional , rom is optional . ( game is given = either cd - rom or compressed 3 . 5 """""""" diskettes ) . ~ ~ $ 19 . 95 ! order now and get everything for just = $ 24 . 95 ! ! ! ! = 20 at your request , the programs can come with a password protection = utility that only allows the program to run when the correct password is = entered . = 20 = 20 ( you must be 18 or over to purchase ) please fill out the following form and mail it to the address above . = 20 ( feel free to write out the order form by hand ) = 20 send to : mark wrhel p . o . box 0118 tujunga , ca . 91043 = 20 = 20 your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do you have an ibm ( ) or mac ( ) ? cd rom ( ) or disks ( ) ? ( ) virtual girdfriend or ( ) boyfriend for $ 10 . 00 ( ) * both just = $ 15 . 95 ( ) the search for paradise and club celebrity x for $ 19 . 95 ( ) everything ! ! ! the search for paradise , club celebrity x , virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend . = 20 > > > > all for just $ 24 . 95 = 20
  """",1
  273,""""Subject: bulk email for profit
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = 20 mail thousands of email messages per hour - no kidding ! ! = 20 = 20 send your email messages out , at 1 , 000 's messages / hour ( 28 . 8k modem ) yes , 1 , 000 's of messages an hour * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 30 million email addresses * * * * * * * * $ 100 . 00 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * you ' ll receive 2 high-speed email software programs introducing . . . . """""""" floodgate bulk email loader """""""" = 20 and . . . . """""""" goldrush stealth mass mailer """""""" this is the same software that all bulk emailing services use ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - floodgate bulk email loader version 5 . 2 and goldrush stealth mass mailer version 3 . 215 for windows 95 and windows 3 . 1 now supports 17 = 20 ( really more with the free form filter ) file formats - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - send out 20 , 000 + marketing letters every single day ! or . . . every few days . in fact , when i send out just a few thousand = marketing letters each day , it does n't take long before i ' m completely = swamped with email inquiries and phone calls . this is very easy to do . = and each one of these bulk mailings costs me nothing . i can teach you = how to do this and provide you with the tools you ' ll need . if you ' ve got a good marketing letter , i ' ll show you how to open the = floodgates . you ' ll be deluged with inquiries , leads , and real sales , = using nothing but email alone . writing a good marketing letter is not easy . i often have to rewrite my = marketing letters a half dozen times before i get the results i ' m = looking for . but once you have a good letter , as you probably know , you = can use the same letter over and over again , predictably and = consistently , closing sales , week after week , month after month . it takes me about one hour to send my marketing letter to thousands of = fresh email addresses . i can do this , thanks to a windows program i use . = it 's called floodgate and goldrush stealth mass mailer . it 's a bulk = email loader and an email software program . if you ' re interested in = electronic marketing , you should know about these programs . program # 1 : floodgate for windows the floodgate bulk email loader imports simple text files that anyone = can download from compuserve , prodigy , delphi genie , or the internet . = these text files contain classified ads , forum messages , or data from = the member directory . each of these files is filled with email = addresses . floodgate is designed to read these files and strip out the email = addresses . it then sorts the addresses , removes any duplicates , and = formats them into an output file , with 10 , 20 or 30 addresses per line . = this is all done in one simple step . just point and click . you ' ll need either a windows based internet account or an america = on - line account to send out your marketing letters . neither aol nor the = internet charges to send email . send your letter to 1 , 000 people or = 10 , 000 people - - the cost is always the same . nothing ! new ! prepare a mailing of 50 , 000 + = 20 in less than a 1 / 2 hour if you open an internet account , you can send each letter to 20 , 000 + = people . the new floodgate now directly writes distribution lists . some = people are always collecting new addresses , but if you publish a = newsletter or adsheet , you ' ll be using the same addresses over and over = again . that 's real power ! when using addresses you ' ve previously = collected , you can press a few buttons and prepare a mailing of 50 , 000 + = in less than a half hour . ( to get a list of all the internet access providers in your local = calling area goto : http : / / thelist . com and click on your area code . ) the floodgate users guide will teach you , step by step , how to download = the right files , how to strip the addresses , and finally , how to cut and = paste the formatted addresses into your marketing letter . or , if you = have an internet account , how to create distribution lists . one you ' ve = done this a few times you won't even have to think . it 's that simple ! for the brave & daring : pushing technology to its limits as you may know , the practice of sending unsolicited email is usually = frowned upon , and most service providers have rules against it . but , = like jay-walking , there is little enforcement . it 's not illegal . if = someone tells you that it is , ask them to provide the citation ( and = do n't let them give you some nonsense about faxes - that 's not email ) . = they can't do it because it 's not there . sometimes , when a lot of people = complain , i get a warning letter . and that 's about it . about 1 in 200 will write back and tell me , """""""" take me off the list """""""" , = which i can do , thanks to floodgates remove list feature . many people = reply back thanking me for sending them my informative letter . that 's = always nice . most people though , just reply and say , """""""" send me more = info . """""""" in this way , it usually takes me two or three letters to close a = sale . the floodgate users guide will provide you with proven formats for = writing a successful marketing letter . you ' ll test and rewrite , test and = rewrite . then , once you ' ve got it , just push a few buttons , and open the = floodgates ! ! ! the floodgate bulk email loader currently supports 17 + file formats 1 . compuserve classifieds : send your marketing letter to everyone who is = running a classified ad . i ' ll teach you how to download all the = classifieds from any single ad category . this is one of the most = responsive list of buyers . they check their email every day and they ' re = already in business . 2 . america on - line classifieds : download 1 , 000 addresses in 15 minutes . = these are excellent lists for business to business sales . 3 . compuserve forums : you can join a forum and download hundreds of = forum messages in a matter of minutes . 4 . america on - line forums : choose from dozens of forums . all good = targeted lists . 5 . prodigy forums : prodigy allows you to easily export any group of = forum messages . more targeted lists . 6 . internet newsgroups : these are all targeted lists . you ' ll be able to = send your marketing letter to everyone who posts a message in any = newsgroup . easily collect 1 , 000 's of addresses per hour . 7 . america on - line member directory : most member directories only allow = you to search by city and state . with aol , you can search by business = type , hobbies , computer type , etc . this is the gem of all member directories . build huge targeted lists . 8 . compuserve member directory : this is a major resource . if you ' re = willing to target your mailing to a single city , you can collect about = 1 , 000 email addresses an hour . 9 . delphi member directory : the delphi member directory allows you to = search for people based on key words . these are good targeted mailing = lists . a single search can easily generate 5 , 000 addresses . 10 . genie member directory : similar to the compuserve member directory , = only you can download names much quicker . you can easily pull hundreds = of thousands of addresses out of each of these member directories . 11 . compuserve file cabinet : if you run classified ads , and save the = responses in the cim file cabinet , you ' ll be able to easily reuse these = addresses . you can send your marketing letter to everyone in any single = folder . build master lists and clean up your hard drive . 12 . free form : if you have a text file with email addresses that = floodgate does not support , chances are the free form filter will be = just what you need . just enter a key word to search for . 13 . compuserve form profiles ( forum membership directories ) : easy to = build targeted lists here . each search can easily bring you 500 + addresses . 14 . genie profiles : if you ' re building targeted lists , you ' ll get a lot = of addresses very quickly from genie . 15 . plain addresses : read floodgate master files back into floodgate to = merge files and do selective mailings . also useful for the management of = email address lists that you might purchase . floodgate also has filters to allow you to include or exclude any groups = of addresses in your final distribution lists . for example , you could = include only email addresses that ended in . com or exclude all with = . gov . you could exclude all noc , root , and other addresses that almost = guarantee a negative response . these filters are fully configurable and = can be used together . build reusable master files floodgate maintains master files for each of your marketing letters . if = you download from the same place on a regular basis , you only want to = send your letter to the new people . floodgate will compare the new = addresses with those in the master file , and prepare a mailing list of = only new people . the new addresses are , of course , then added to the = master file . with each new mailing your master file grows and grows . you may create as many master lists as you need . when you start a new = marketing campaign , you ' ll want to send your new letter to everyone on = your master list . if you write a newsletter , each time you send your = newsletter , you ' ll send it to everyone on a master list . the remove list very often , people will reply and tell you to take them off your mailing = list . place these addresses in the remove . mst file and they will never = receive another letter from you again . in this way , you will be = operating your business with the most professionalism possible . don ' t be fooled we have some new competitors that have tried to copy floodgate . the = following list describes why floodgate is better . . . . . . . * * floodgate is a mature , bug free product . not an initial release . * * floodgate comes with over 100 pages of step by step = documentation . * * floodgate is the only one offering a money back guarantee . * * floodgate has more testimonials . = 20 * * filter for filter , floodgate offers more capabilities , way more . = 20 * * floodgate does everything all the others * combined * claim . = 20 * * floodgate is by far the easiest to use . * * there is no * cutting and pasting * with floodgate . = 20 * * we have by far , the best technical support . some quick math floodgate can pay for itself in a few days . it can also cut your = advertising costs down to almost nothing . think of what the competition = will do when they get their floodgate program . do n't be left in the dust = - there are 75 million people out there , just a few keystrokes away . = let 's do the math : - email 50 , 000 sales letters ( takes about 1 - 2 hours ) - let 's say your product will bring you $ 5 profit per sale . - let 's also say you only get a 1 % response ( occasionally higher ) . * that 's 500 orders x $ 5 = 3d $ 2 , 500 profit ! ! now imagine what 500 , 000 = letters would do for your business ! ! what can i market on-line ? you can market anything on-line using direct email , that can be marketed = using conventional postal direct mail marketing . the possibilities are = practically endless . if it sells off-line , you can sell it on-line . easy to install and easy to learn the floodgate email loader requires windows . the supplied manual tells = you where to go , what to do , and how to do it . all you need are basic = computer skills that can be learned with a little practice or help from = our computer savvy technicians . program # 2 : goldrush stealth mass mailer do not get this program confused with other slow speed programs that = call themselves """""""" stealth """""""" . this program is the only one in the world = that can send email out at high speeds with one single connection to the = internet . = 20 this is new , cutting edge email technology . first of it 's kind . . the = most powerful bulk email sender in the world . . nothing can even come = close ! = 20 thanks to our top programmer 's , this technology is now available and we = are the only place you can get it from ! = 20 * only """""""" one """""""" dial-up or isdn connection needed . = 20 * no more terminated connections . = 20 * no more waiting to send large amounts of email . = 20 * immediate response to your mass mailings . = 20 * you will have all the control and confidence of = 20 sending email the way it should be sent . . . in huge amounts ! = 20 * send your whole list in one day , whether it be 500 , 000 = 20 or 5 million - and just sit back and wait for your = 20 orders to pour in . = 20 * no more downloading undeliverable names . bulk emailer 's dream come true ! ! ! - > > > goldrush stealth mass mailer connect to multiple mail servers ( 20 or more ) , make multiple connections = to a single server or any combination of the two ( all simultaneously ) = with one single dial-up connection . = 20 send multiple simultaneous mailings . . . = 20 view complete details about your mailings . shows each server your = connected to , the status of that connection , how many messages are going = out through that connection , etc . . . we show you all the tricks all the mass e-mailers do n't want you to = know . . . = 20 here are just a few features the goldrush stealth mass mailer offers to = you . . . = 20 * forge the header - message id - isp 's will spin their wheels . = 20 * add 's a bogus authenticated sender to the header . = 20 * add 's a complete bogus received from / received by line with = 20 real time / date stamp and recipient to the header . = 20 * does not require a valid pop account be entered in order to = 20 send your mailings . = 20 * easy to use and operate = 20 * plus much more ! = 20 all this , at speeds of up to 1 , 000 's messages / hour ( 28 . 8k modem ) . = 20 special introductory price . . . = 20 now you can have both the floodgate and = 20 goldrush stealth mass mailer for just $ 499 . 00 ! = 20 update . . . save $ 149 . 05 and order now , be one of the first 100 orders ! = 20 step up to the plate and play with the big boys today and receive the = complete 2 software package for the unbelievably low price of only = $ 349 . 95 ! = 20 ( other bulk email software has sold for as much as $ 2 , 500 and can't even = come close to the cutting edge technology of ease , accuracy and speed = . . . speed . . . speed ! ) = 20 try the goldrush stealth mass mailer & floodgate bulk email loader for = 10 days free . = 20 and receive unlimited technical support for 30 days . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 30 million email addresses millions and millions of email addresses cd with millions of email addresses separated by domain name . all addresses are simple text format one per line . addresses from the following domains : pipleline , msn , mci , juno , delphi , genie , aol , compuserve , internet , . com & . net , millions of them ! not available on diskette or download . want the millions of addresses for $ 100 . 00 ? just buy our floodgate / goldrush software package ( with all the bonuses included ) , and the millions of addresses are yours for just $ 100 . 00 additional . these addresses will be delivered to you in simple text files that any bulk emailing program can use , on cd rom . with this cd , you can begin making money immediately ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * special bonus # 1 : * * * stop losing isp dial up accounts ! = 20 if you order the floodgate / goldrush software within the next 5 days - = when you receive your program , you will also receive : = 20 * complete instructions on """""""" how to keep your dial up account from = showing up in the header """""""" , plus everything you will need to get started = doing this . = 20 important notice ! we will initially only be offering 100 copies of the = program for sale , first come / first served basis only . we are doing = this because of the extreme power that these programs offer . * * * special bonus # 2 * * * = 20 when you receive your two programs , you will also receive : over 250 reprint and resell rights reports you can start to market and make money immediately ! ! ! = 20 these hot sellers include : = 20 1 ) how to get a top rating in the search engines = 20 2 ) 70 money making reports = 20 3 ) 75 money making plans & trade secrets and much much more ! ! ! = 20 ( $ 200 retail value - free ! ! ! ) = 20 * * * special bonus # 3 * * * with your two software programs , you will also receive our new """""""" address = grabber """""""" utility program that enables you to grab 100 's of thousands of = email addresses from newsgroups in minutes ( $ 100 retail value - free ) . * * * special bonus # 4 * * * receive checks by email , phone or fax machine . with this software program , you can receive payment for your product or service instantly ! ! there is no more waiting for your customers check to arrive . this software will no doubt , add to your sales , for customers who do n't have credit cards , as well as the impulse buyers . with this software , you can print up your payments as soon as your customer gives you his / her checking information . you will then add the information given , to the proper blank check spaces , then just print and go to the bank ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to get your free demo and """""""" test drive """""""" our state-of - the-art software , = 20 fax us your email address and request to : = 09 1-561 - 966-6839 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * hurry . . . reserve yours today ! = 20 so , if you are interested in taking advantage of the most powerful bulk = 20 email software in the world and start making money hand over fist . . . . . print out the ez order form below and fax or mail it to our office . if you have any questions do n't hesitate to call us at : 1-561 - 965-6139 system requirements 386 or larger windows 95 or windows 3 . 1 with 8 meg ram extra 5 mb hard drive space floodgate & goldrush can be run on a fast mac with 24 mb ram and = softwindows . notes from satisfied users """""""" it is everything you said it was . within one week of my first mailing , = i received a record number of orders . all you need to print money is a = decent sales letter . thanks . """""""" randy albertson , wolverine capital . """""""" after using floodgate and your utility program all day today , let me = say these are as two of the finest programs i have ever bought in my 52 = years ! your support has been superb . thank you ! """""""" vernon hale , prime data = systems """""""" my first day and i just used floodgate and pegasus to send 1 , 469 sales = letters . so far i ' ve got about 25 positive responses . it works great ! ! ! = thanks . """""""" donald prior """""""" floodgate is awesome ! . i recently started a new business on-line . i = stripped the addresses of the aol & cis classifieds . i sent out 3 , 497 = email letters and got over 400 people to join my company in 5 days ! = needless to say , it pays for itself . """""""" david sheeham , ompd """""""" i was able to use floodgate to extract the names from the internet news = groups . it works perfectly . needless to say , i am very excited about the = use of this new technology . """""""" mark eberra , inside connections """""""" this is a great piece of software and an invaluable marketing tool . """""""" = joe kuhn , the millennium group """""""" i just thought you 'd like to know that this program is fantastic . after = loading it on my system , i wanted to test it out . in my first hour of = using this , i collected 6 , 092 email addresses ! """""""" richard kahn , ld = communications """""""" i just love the floodgate program . it saves me hours and hours of time . = this is the beginning of a wonderful fun time marketing on-line . thank = you so much for writing this program . """""""" beth o'neill , eudora , ks """""""" your software is brilliant , and from the technical support i ' ve = received , i can see you have a genuine love and respect of = people . . . floodgate is a divine package . wish i had found it sooner . """""""" tom = sanders , peoria , il """""""" i really like the way the floodgate software package works . it is very = easy to use , and really does the trick . it has already saved me an = incredible amount of time and energy . """""""" john berning , jr . , fairfield , nj """""""" it 's going great with floodgate ! i like using delphi . i just collected = 50 , 000 + addresses within 20 minutes on-line . """""""" richard kahn , r&b = associates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - e - z order form : please print out this order form and fill in the blanks . . . . . . please send order form and check or money order , payable to : ted keller p . o . box 741342 boynton beach , fl 33474-1342 ( 561 ) - 965-6139 _ _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to try your cutting-edge software so that i can = advertise my business to thousands of people on-line whenever i like ! i = understand that i have 10 days to trial the software . if i am not fully = delighted , i will cheerfully be refunded the purchase price , no = questions asked ! please rush me the floodgate and goldrush package now ! _ _ _ _ _ _ i am ordering within 72 hours ! that qualifies me to receive the = floodgate and goldrush package at a substantial discount ! i am ordering = both software packages for only $ 349 . 95 . ( save $ 150 off the retail = price . . . . software has sold for as much as $ 2 , 499 . 95 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ i am ordering within 72 hours ! that qualifies me to receive = unlimited technical support for 30 days . _ _ _ _ _ _ i want to receive the package overnight . i ' m including $ 18 . 00 for = shipping charges . _ _ _ _ _ _ i want to receive the package 2nd day . i ' m including $ 10 . 00 = ( includes insurance & return receipt ) for shipping charges . _ _ _ _ _ _ i ' m ordering floodgate / goldrush software and want to order the = millions of email addresses as well . my additional cost is $ 100 . 00 = enclosed . _ _ _ _ _ _ i ' m not ordering your floodgate / goldrush software , but i want to order your millions of email addresses on cd . enclosed is = $ 249 . 00 . ( checks : allow 1 week for bank clearance ) your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your position _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email addresses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * we accept checks , money orders , mastercard , visa , american express . you can either mail your order to = 20 us or fax your order to : ( 561 ) - 966-6839 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * today 's date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 visa _ _ _ _ mastercard _ _ _ _ american express _ _ _ _ discover _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 card # : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 billing address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 amount to be charged : $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i agree to pay ted keller an additional $ 29 fee if my check is returned = for insufficient or uncollectable funds . signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please send all order forms and check or money order to payable to : ted keller p . o . box 741342 boynton beach , fl 33474-1342 ( 561 ) - 965-6139 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * or : please paste your check here ( if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check = by mail . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from = your original check that you faxed to us ) please fax the above order form and check to : 1-561 - 966-6839 t
  """",1
  274,""""Subject: new savings discovery !
   
   / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / this message was composed using extractor pro bulk e - mail software . if = 20 you wish to be removed from this advertiser 's future mailings , please = reply = 20 with the subject """""""" remove """""""" and this software will automatically block you = from their future mailings . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / / please accept this invitation to find out where you can get affodable = internet ready computers , home security systems , cosmetics , nutritional = products , phone cards , videophones and much more . . . get full details by clicking this link : http : / / www . reeseandassociates . com / fun _ stuff . html thank you !
  """",1
  275,""""Subject: 
   
   data to : = 20 date : fri , 06 feb 1998 22 : 32 : 18 pst subject : great food x - mailer : emailer platinum 3 . 1 ( tm ) by internet marketing inc . this is not a """""""" scheme """""""" , it 's a simple offer . = 20 i ' ve been cooking and baking for nearly 45 years . here 's a chance for = you to benefit from my experiences . for only $ 2 ( us ) , i ' ll share 12 of my = favorite recipes with you . these are really exceptional and , as far as i know , = have never been published previously . many were handed down to me by my grandmother and i ' ve adapted them to a lighter style of eating . most of = the recipes are proportional ( can be doubled or tripled ) making them = naturals for entertaining , fraternities and sororities , firehouses , etc . from = incredibly = 20 succulent chicken and beef dishes , to mouth watering desserts , this is = an opportunity to get some really great recipes for very little money . = 20 to receive your copy of """""""" karen 's best """""""" recipes : send $ 2 in cash ( concealed ) and your e - mail address to : k . b . 22704 ventura blvd . # 334 woodland hills , ca 91364 = 20 usa your recipes will be e - mailed to you the same day i receive your order . = 20 thanks . eat well and enjoy . karen
  """",1
  276,""""Subject: subliminally seduce women instantly ! !
   
   win over any woman you want in less than an hour . = 20 guaranteed ! start dating women that until now were ' out of your league ' guaranteed ! i know it sounds too good to be true , but it is now = a0 possible for you = to achieve in minutes , what typically takes most men days , months , and sometimes even years to accomplish . . . seducing a woman ! skeptical ? read this . then visit our web site to learn the facts ! scientists worldwide agree that , in certain applications , subliminal = mind control can accomplish amazing things . you might have heard how in = the 1950s subliminal advertising was used in movie theaters to induce an = unnatural craving for popcorn and an unquenchable desire for coke . there are many types of subliminal thought control . = a0 certain = subliminal influence techniques work amazingly well , while others hardly work at = all ! if you do n't think modern subliminal technology can change your life , = think again ! for less than the cost of a single good meal you can = instantly and permanently change the way women treat you . guaranteed ! and the best part is that ( due to a legal loophole ) this is perfectly = legal ! if your luck with women has been anything other than great , find out the = facts by visiting our web site . once you have received and tested one of our audio tapes you will be = amazed ! do n't make the mistake of confusing the antiquated technology used in = the past with newly developed digital mastering techniques . we have = spent years developing computer enhanced techniques that enable us to = produce mood altering products that work on any woman , anywhere , = anytime . . . guaranteed ! you cannot turn women into mindless sex slaves with this or any other technology . you can , however , induce at will , natural urges that would = otherwise lie dormant . it is simply a fact that any natural human desire = such as sleep , hunger or sexual impulses can be greatly intensified by = using subliminal commands . when you play these recordings in the presence of any female who has a = normal sexual appetite , look out ! = a0 she won't know what has come over = her ! it is completely undetectable ! even women you barely know , when subjected to this invisible aphrodisiac = will find you more interesting and better looking . they will find = themselves mysteriously drawn and sexually attracted to you . = guaranteed ! ! each of our musical recordings comes with a second 'd emo ' tape ( free of = charge ) that has the subliminal messages brought forward for you to hear = loud and clear . do n't let your girlfriend hear this one ! warning : we have given you the opportunity to be more successful with any woman you choose . if you do not at least check out = the facts for yourself , you will only be cheating yourself out of happiness and romance . to find out more about these amazing tapes at our web site at : http : / / www . ivpco . com / ~ speccass / index . html or , if your mail reader supports hyper-links , click here if you have any problems accessing our main page , try our new mirror = site at : http : / / www . emptyshell . com mirror site * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this message was sent by overseas internet promotions , inc . of miami . = if you have a product or service you want to market on the internet , = call us today @ 305-668 - 7502 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",1
  277,""""Subject: microsynergy cd - r specials edition 10
   
   microsynergy cd - r specials edition ( 10 ) to be removed from this mailing list , simply hit reply and type """""""" remove """""""" in the subject line . thank you , xceed communications . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * microsynergy is an industry-leading manufacturer of vertically integrated systems that employ key optical peripherals and adapters such as : cd duplication systems cd-rom servers cd jukeboxes cd towers * * * note : to receive special pricing from this promotion , be sure to mention """""""" cd - r specials edition ( 10 ) """""""" or type it into the comment field on the online order form . thank you . idt / microsynergy is pleased to extend the following specials , ms - 5 cd duplication system . standalone duplication system with five 4x writers records up to 20 cd 's per hour . all systems include : 133mhz pentium ( tm ) , 32mb of memory , 2gb av hard drive , floppy drive , keyboard , mouse , monitor , microsynergy 's multiplicd ( tm ) duplication software , and windows nt ( tm ) preloaded software . $ 5999 . 00 blank cd - recordable media : white printable cd - r media in spindle ( no jewel case ) 650mb , 74 min , green on gold only $ 1 . 09 each with minimum order of 200 pieces . blank cd - r media in jewel case by major manufacturer 650mb , 74 min . , blue on silver printable only $ 1 . 89 each with minimum order of 100 pieces . blank cd - r media in spindle ( no jewel case ) by major manufacturer 650mb , 74 min . , blue on silver printable only $ 1 . 69 each with minimum order of 100 pieces . cd - r printer with 1440x720 dpi using epson 600 engine print 4 color directly on the printable cd - r media while maintaining all features of a standard paper printer mac and pc compatible only $ 1099 . 00 4x12x ( 4x write / 12x read ) cd - r drive - package includes , cd - r drive , 3 in one mastering software for mac , pc and direct cd , one pc of media and cable . internal $ 409 . 00 , external $ 459 . 00 cd-rw26i ( 2x6x cd-rewritable drive ) includes , cdrw drive , one cdrw media , direct cd software and cable . internal $ 365 . 00 , external - $ 415 . 00 cdr / jaz duo ( 4x12x cdr drive and jaz drive external unit ) includes : external duo , 3 in one mastering software for mac , pc and direct cd , one pc of media , jaz cartridge , and cable $ 899 . 00 for more information on microsynergy 's full line of products including : cd duplication systems , autoloading cd - r duplicators , cd-rom towers & servers , jukeboxes , cd - recordable drives , and cd - r media please visit our web site at http : / / www . idt-microsynergy . com . you can also order online through our secure site or call 714-477 - 1700 usa . you can also fax or e-mail your order . our fax number is 714-477 - 1717 and our email address is order @ idt-microsynergy . com . please include your telephone number so that we can confirm your order . shipping information and cost is available online for most items . shipping and handling not included . all prices are fob irvine , ca , usa . prices and availability may change without notice . all trademarks , tradenames and logos are the properties of their respective owners . typographic errors are subject to correction . this special ends 2 / 19 / 98 .
  """",1
  278,""""Subject: small business promotion
   
   = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d for all your internet marketing go to http : / / www . submit200 . com = 20 submit200 for all your marketing needs . = 20 = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d please , this is one time email only . to discontinue it , follow = instructions at the bottom . thank you . small business promotion = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d services and cash prospects """""""" consulting and engineering services """""""" """""""" business resource """""""" web and software attractive cash business """""""" web cash page """""""" lucrative cash generator over web """""""" 800 with your code """""""" sells itself , just advertise it """""""" http : / / inet . simplenet . com """""""" small business bulk e-mail set-up """""""" envelope stuffing """""""" home business program ( not software ) """""""" spam solution """""""" opportunity to own spam address & website """""""" additional business promos """""""" various business prospects details : """""""" consulting and engineering services """""""" ( est . 1994 ) jbphd ( pe in ct , ny & pa ) 1-888 - 542-2236 toll free 1 . licensed distributor for the deregulated discounted distributor = recruitment . once in a lifetime opportunity to have a nice slice in = $ 215 billion deregulated utilities market . please , call for further = information and sign-up . 2 . circuits , control , communication , electrical power , electronics , = instrumentation & systems : 1 . analyses , calculations , conceptual work , etc . 2 . design support ( catalog work , computer inputs , estimates , take-offs , = schedules & sketches ) 3 . document reviews , verifications and checking 4 . engineering support ( standards , codes , etc . ) 5 . interface work ( interdisciplinary , clients , etc . ) 6 . manual , procedure , and specification preparations 7 . protective device coordination and protection 8 . reports , research , testimonies , etc . 9 . studies ( feasibility , upgrade or modernization ) 10 . system analyses , descriptions and integrations 11 . tutorials , presentations 3 . administration : 1 . computer software assistance ( for ibm compatibles , dos , windows , = wordprocessors and spreadsheets ) 2 . quality engineering ( assurance and control ) 3 . technical audits , editing and proposals """""""" business resources """""""" - ingeniously designed cash software for a = small home business marketing . offers licensing agent option with very = profitable return . please , call 1-888 - 542-2236 for a copy of free = unregistered software or download it from : http : / / www . mlmers-ad - net . com / mg / jo1545 . htm """""""" web cash page """""""" - true cash generator web page , popular , easy to = start , fun to operate small business yielding cash in mail which keeps = on coming in larger number as you promote it . please , call = 1-888 - 542-2236 or fill purchase on web page : http : / / www . powpg . com / page . asp ? id = 3d430108 """""""" 800 with your code """""""" - an incredibly easy way to make money . = advertise your 800-811 - 2141 with your private code xxxxx which you = obtain with your lifetime membership for $ 199 and they tackle the sale . = you just keep on collecting commission . please call for further = information including options : 1-800 - 811-2141 ( code 47838 ) . """""""" http : / / inet . simplenet . com """""""" - platinum 3 bulk e-mail software for = $ 69 . 95 . the price includes 1 , 000 , 000 e-mails plus , various useful = software for bulk emailing and $ 30 commission per new sign-up with your = pin . please , use pin # 1433 for your sign-up on the """""""" sign up page . """""""" """""""" envelope stuffing """""""" - program for envelope stuffing for $ 25 . = attractive for small home businesses . not a software . please , call = 1-888 - 542-2236 for more information . """""""" spam solution """""""" - opportunity to join email address category for = business advertisements exists without a chance of losing your internet account . please , call = 1-888 - 542-2236 or visit web site http : / / wasi . com / spamaddress / info . idc ? reg = 3d665 for more information . """""""" additional business prospects """""""" - please , call 1-888 - 542-2236 for = more information . \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / removal from the emailings : if you do not wish to receive any further messages from us , please , = reply to this message . click on reply button and type remove all in the subject heading field = and click on send button . you will be removed from all our emailings . \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
  """",1
  279,""""Subject: adults onlyhottest phone sex everall lines unsencored
   
   live 1-on - 1 011-678 - 72304 live group action 1-767 - 445-2357 hot sex stories 1-664 - 410-4710 dating program with personal voice mail 1-268 - 404-6621
  """",1
  280,""""Subject: young hot girls new site
   
   > > young hot girls new site can you handle 2 young , hot , sexy girls ? cum watch us at : http : / / www . livewhorehouse . com where you can complete our menage-a - trois . we really hate it when you do n't cum . luv nadia and alexa xoxoxoxoxoxo = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = we honor all remove requests ! ! just mail your requests to : jackpotx @ ix . netcom . com = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
  """",1
  281,""""Subject: re :
   
   the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence = programs for your ibm pc or compatible and also for macintosh . you = 20 can watch them , talk to them , ask them questions , tell them secrets , and = relate with them . watch them as you ask them to take off different = clothes and guide them through many different activities . watch and participate = in the hottest sexual activities available on computer , including : several sexual positions , using many unique toys , even bringing in multiple = partners . this is no doubt one of the most realistic , sexually stimulating = computer games available . they will remember your name , birthday , your likes and = your dislikes . every time you start the program , they say different things , = and act differently . each time , they have a different personality . with the = vga digital graphics , the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend software = have some of the hottest , sexiest graphics out there . and with a = soundblaster or compatible card , you can actually hear their voice as they talk to you . = this is the first adult software title that was designed for both = heterosexual and homosexual people . i would like you to try the actual full copy out = before it is put on the market . it will be sold for 1 / 5 of the actual price = ( $ 10 . 00 ) until i can get back some information on what people think of the = program . = 20 please give it a try and write back any comments . thank you . if you are interested and would like to order a copy , then you can = read the mailing instructions below . it comes in an unmarked package and is = sent out at most 4 days after the order is received . you are not put on any mailing lists whatsoever , guaranteed . it will run on any 386 , 486 or = higher , = 20 and 100 % ibm compatibles . required is vga graphics , and a hard drive . = 20 the sound card is optional . macintosh requires at least 4 meg of ram . = 20 virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence programs , meaning they are completely interactive . it would be just like = if you were talking to someone . you can actually have simple = conversations . = 20 their attitudes change with the different things you say , so you can say things that will upset them , and then say things that will please them . = the more you play / talk with them , the more you learn what they can do , and = what = 20 they like to do . it really is a blast . with all these movies coming out about virtual reality , it 's amazing to actually have a virtual reality program like this for your own computer . it 's easy to install , and instructions are easy to follow . = 20 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ special software offer ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this is to inform you about the new adult game that vcs magazine rated """""""" the best game of """""""" 97 """""""" . """""""" the search for paradise is no doubt one = 20 of the greatest xxx adult games available """""""" . the first games where it is as much fun as it is a turn on ! travel the world to every continent , = every country you can think of , and meet some of the most beautiful women in existence . these women will treat you like a king and obey your every command . any sexual wish you can think of , these women know it all . = 20 there is a different paradise for every guy out there , and this game = will have them all . this game uses real models , digital video , and digital = sound to make it as realistic as possible . you will feel like you ' re in the = same room as the girl you ' re talking to ! ! ! as an added bonus you ' ll receive """""""" club celebrity x """""""" meet , talk to and even have your way with the celebrities of your = choice . imagine being in a club with some very beautiful , well known , = actual celebrities ! you have seen these girls on t . v . , magazines and = billboard ads . now they are on your computer begging for action . this game is hot = and once you start playing , you won't be able to stop ! ! ! ~ required : 386 or better , 4 meg ram or better , windows 3 . 1 or higher = ( win95 is fine ) , sound card is optional , rom is optional . ( game is given = either cd - rom or compressed 3 . 5 """""""" diskettes ) . ~ ~ $ 19 . 95 ! order now and get everything for just = $ 24 . 95 ! ! ! ! = 20 at your request , the programs can come with a password protection = utility that only allows the program to run when the correct password is = entered . = 20 = 20 ( you must be 18 or over to purchase ) please fill out the following form and mail it to the address above . = 20 ( feel free to write out the order form by hand ) = 20 send to : mark wrhel p . o . box 0118 tujunga , ca . 91043 = 20 = 20 your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do you have an ibm ( ) or mac ( ) ? cd rom ( ) or disks ( ) ? ( ) virtual girdfriend or ( ) boyfriend for $ 10 . 00 ( ) * both just = $ 15 . 95 ( ) the search for paradise and club celebrity x for $ 19 . 95 ( ) everything ! ! ! the search for paradise , club celebrity x , virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend . = 20 > > > > all for just $ 24 . 95 = 20
  """",1
  282,""""Subject: free enterprise : 6 figures in 6 mths : no selling : no mlm ! !
   
   = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d this is a one time mailing . there is no need to hit reply or seek to be = removed from a list . thank you . . . = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d are you afraid of success ? let me scare you to death ! hello entrepreneur ! my name is dave starkey , question - what if . . . = 20 you could earn . . . an immediate , substantial $ 5 , 000 - $ 10 , 000 + = 20 monthly income . . . in as little as 45-90 days - - and all it required was = a = 20 telephone ? what if i could show you how to generate a six figure income in just = 20 several months ? i ' m not talking about the elusive dream of residual income in network = 20 marketing . this is not mlm ! not a chain letter or other online scam ! = 20 i ' m truly earning much more every week than i ever before earned = 20 monthly chasing success in other programs ! i made $ 20 , 000 in my first month ! i ' ll teach you how ! ! ! what is it that i and so many others are doing ? = 3d = 3d > call now to find out : step 1 : call 850-654 - 7727 ext . 6200 this is an 8 minute brief overview on who we are and what we are = trying to accomplish ( yes , this is an 8 minute toll call . it will = cost you approximatly $ 1 ) . if you like what you hear , = 20 step 2 : call 800-322 - 6169 ext . 9508 leave your name and phone number and the best time that you can be = reached . you will be contacted personally in the order that your call = is received so you can get as much information that you require to = make the best decision possible for your future . step 3 : mention """""""" email d2 """""""" in your message . seriously , if i can do this , anyone can . what if you do even better than i am ? best of success to you , and thanks for your time . sincerely , dave starkey
  """",1
  283,""""Subject: re :
   
   = 20 the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial = intelligence = 20 programs for your ibm pc or compatible and also for macintosh . you = 20 can watch them , talk to them , ask them questions , tell them secrets , and = relate with them . watch them as you ask them to take off different = clothes and guide them through many different activities . watch and participate = in the hottest sexual activities available on computer , including : several sexual positions , using many unique toys , even bringing in multiple = partners . this is no doubt one of the most realistic , sexually stimulating = computer games available . they will remember your name , birthday , your likes and = your dislikes . every time you start the program , they say different things , = and act differently . each time , they have a different personality . with the = vga digital graphics , the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend software = have some of the hottest , sexiest graphics out there . and with a = soundblaster or compatible card , you can actually hear their voice as they talk to you . = this is the first adult software title that was designed for both = heterosexual and homosexual people . i would like you to try the actual full copy out = before it is put on the market . it will be sold for 1 / 5 of the actual price = ( $ 10 . 00 ) until i can get back some information on what people think of the = program . = 20 please give it a try and write back any comments . thank you . if you are interested and would like to order a copy , then you can = read the mailing instructions below . it comes in an unmarked package and is = sent out at most 4 days after the order is received . you are not put on any mailing lists whatsoever , guaranteed . it will run on any 386 , 486 or = higher , = 20 and 100 % ibm compatibles . required is vga graphics , and a hard drive . = 20 the sound card is optional . macintosh requires at least 4 meg of ram . = 20 virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence programs , meaning they are completely interactive . it would be just like = if you were talking to someone . you can actually have simple = conversations . = 20 their attitudes change with the different things you say , so you can say things that will upset them , and then say things that will please them . = the more you play / talk with them , the more you learn what they can do , and = what = 20 they like to do . it really is a blast . with all these movies coming out about virtual reality , it 's amazing to actually have a virtual reality program like this for your own computer . it 's easy to install , and instructions are easy to follow . = 20 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ special software offer ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this is to inform you about the new adult game that vcs magazine rated """""""" the best game of """""""" 97 """""""" . """""""" the search for paradise is no doubt one = 20 of the greatest xxx adult games available """""""" . the first games where it is as much fun as it is a turn on ! travel the world to every continent , = every country you can think of , and meet some of the most beautiful women in existence . these women will treat you like a king and obey your every command . any sexual wish you can think of , these women know it all . = 20 there is a different paradise for every guy out there , and this game = will have them all . this game uses real models , digital video , and digital = sound to make it as realistic as possible . you will feel like you ' re in the = same room as the girl you ' re talking to ! ! ! as an added bonus you ' ll receive """""""" club celebrity x """""""" meet , talk to and even have your way with the celebrities of your = choice . imagine being in a club with some very beautiful , well known , = actual celebrities ! you have seen these girls on t . v . , magazines and = billboard ads . now they are on your computer begging for action . this game is hot = and once you start playing , you won't be able to stop ! ! ! ~ required : 386 or better , 4 meg ram or better , windows 3 . 1 or higher = ( win95 is fine ) , sound card is optional , rom is optional . ( game is given = either cd - rom or compressed 3 . 5 """""""" diskettes ) . ~ ~ $ 19 . 95 ! order now and get everything for just = $ 24 . 95 ! ! ! ! = 20 at your request , the programs can come with a password protection = utility that only allows the program to run when the correct password is = entered . = 20 = 20 ( you must be 18 or over to purchase ) please fill out the following form and mail it to the address above . = 20 ( feel free to write out the order form by hand ) = 20 send to : mark wrhel p . o . box 0118 tujunga , ca . 91043 = 20 = 20 your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do you have an ibm ( ) or mac ( ) ? cd rom ( ) or disks ( ) ? ( ) virtual girdfriend or ( ) boyfriend for $ 10 . 00 ( ) * both just = $ 15 . 95 ( ) the search for paradise and club celebrity x for $ 19 . 95 ( ) everything ! ! ! the search for paradise , club celebrity x , virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend . = 20 > > > > all for just $ 24 . 95 = 20
  """",1
  284,""""Subject: your family name
   
   discover your family history - rated """""""" cool site of the week """""""" come visit our website at , http : / / www . vpm . com / hallofnames / index . htm free search = 09 do you know who your ancestors are and what they did ? do you know when your surname first appeared ? are you curious about where your family roots originate ? now you can fill in the missing pieces of this puzzle . join the satisfied multitudes who have discovered their complete family = surname history . all nationalities . it 's easy . just key your last name into our online = index , and in seconds we will tell you it 's origin and much more . see = if we ' ve researched your complete family name history during our 25 = years of professional research . read a sample history , plus - free coat of arms keychain with your = family 's most ancient coat of arms & crest . all in full color . your = family name history parchment is 11 x 17 """""""" , approximately 1700 words . it = is beautifully illuminated by your most ancient coat of arms in full = authentic heraldic colors . over 500 urls on family and heraldic = history . please come visit our website at , = http : / / www . vpm . com / hallofnames / index . htm free search hall of names international inc . 1-888 - my - roots ( 1-888 - 697-6687 )
  """",1
  285,""""Subject: a-12 win free tri p arround the wor
   
   / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / this message was composed using extractor pro bulk e - mail software . if = 20 you wish to be removed from this advertiser 's future mailings , please = reply = 20 with the subject """""""" remove """""""" and this software will automatically block you = from their future mailings . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / / enter the super nova sweepstakes - - - you might win a free gambling vacation for two to the greatest casinos around the world ! ! ! click right here , right now - first stop : las vegas - enjoy a luxurious stay on the las vegas strip where you will find fabulous entertainment and exceptional dining . second stop : sun city - rejoice in the spendor of this south african resort town while gambling in the far southern hemisphere . final stop - monaco , the world 's most european city - where you ' ll gamble and relax amidst royal splendor . in total , you ' ll have 11 nights and 12 days of luxurious entertainment and gambling at the most spectacular casinos the world has to offer . but you have enter . click right here , right now - what are you waiting for ? ? ? ? ? email
  """",1
  286,""""Subject: uce : successful people only
   
   unusual project , new ideas , not for everyone millionaire with non-profit foundation seeking successful people from = all walks of life = 20 for extended experiment in 1 ) creating great personal wealth for = participants and 2 ) for = 20 participation in a self study course in how to always have whatever is = wanted or desired , = 20 without limit or compromise . applicants must have prior success in = 20 some field , any field . teamwork skills and willingness to learn are = essential . must = 20 be willing and able to devote single-minded focus for six month = project . must possess = 20 desire for the freedom that personal wealth creates . must be willing to = work with large = 20 amounts of cash . there will be a short telephone interview to determine = potential = 20 suitability for the position . this project is not for everyone . = call 1-800 - 372-3134 x 2002 and leave your number ( which will be held in strict = confidence ) and time = 20 of day to call for follow-up interviews . do not email . = 20
  """",1
  287,""""Subject: seduce women instantly !
   
   win over any woman you want in less than an hour . = 20 guaranteed ! start dating women that until now were ' out of your league ' guaranteed ! as incredible as it sounds , it is now = a0 possible for you to achieve in minutes , what typically takes most men days , months , and sometimes even years to accomplish . . . seducing a woman ! skeptical ? read this . then visit our web site to learn the facts ! scientists worldwide agree that , in certain applications , subliminal = mind control can accomplish amazing things . you might have heard how in = the 1950s subliminal advertising was used in movie theaters to induce an = unnatural craving for popcorn and an unquenchable desire for coke . there are many types of subliminal thought control . = a0 certain = subliminal influence techniques work amazingly well , while others hardly work at = all ! if you do n't think modern subliminal technology can change your life , = think again ! for less than the cost of a single good meal you can = instantly and permanently change the way women treat you . guaranteed ! if your luck with women has been anything other than great , find out the = facts by visiting our web site . once you have received and tested one of our audio tapes you will be = amazed ! do n't make the mistake of confusing the antiquated technology used in = the past with newly developed digital mastering techniques . we have = spent years developing computer enhanced techniques that enable us to = produce mood altering products that work on any woman , anywhere , = anytime . . . guaranteed ! you cannot turn women into mindless sex slaves with this or any other technology . you can , however , induce at will , natural urges that would = otherwise lie dormant . it is simply a fact that any natural human desire = such as sleep , hunger or sexual impulses can be greatly intensified by = using subliminal commands . when you play these recordings in the presence of any female who has a = normal sexual appetite , look out ! = a0 she won't know what has come over = her ! it is completely undetectable ! even women you barely know , when subjected to this invisible aphrodisiac = will find you more interesting and better looking . they will find = themselves mysteriously drawn and sexually attracted to you . = guaranteed ! ! each of our musical recordings comes with a second 'd emo ' tape ( free of = charge ) that has the subliminal messages brought forward for you to hear = loud and clear . do n't let your girlfriend hear this one ! warning : we have given you the opportunity to be more successful with any woman you choose . if you do not at least check out = the facts for yourself , you will only be cheating yourself out of happiness and romance . to find out more about these amazing tapes at our web site at : http : / / www . emptyshell . com or , if your mail-reader supports hyperlinks , = 20 click here * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this message was sent by overseas internet promotions , inc . of miami . = if you have a product or service you want to market on the internet , = call us today @ 305-668 - 7502 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",1
  288,""""Subject: you gotta see this . . . .
   
   make thousands of dollars from the spam you get ! get thousands of e-mail addresses ! here is something that will make you money , costs only $ 5 , and helps solve the spam problem on the net . click here : http : / / wasi . com / safeaddress / info . idc ? reg = 1685 thanks ! ! !
  """",1
  289,""""Subject: re :
   
   the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence = programs for your ibm pc or compatible and also for macintosh . you = 20 can watch them , talk to them , ask them questions , tell them secrets , and = relate with them . watch them as you ask them to take off different = clothes and guide them through many different activities . watch and participate = in the hottest sexual activities available on computer , including : several sexual positions , using many unique toys , even bringing in multiple = partners . this is no doubt one of the most realistic , sexually stimulating = computer games available . they will remember your name , birthday , your likes and = your dislikes . every time you start the program , they say different things , = and act differently . each time , they have a different personality . with the = vga digital graphics , the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend software = have some of the hottest , sexiest graphics out there . and with a = soundblaster or compatible card , you can actually hear their voice as they talk to you . = this is the first adult software title that was designed for both = heterosexual and homosexual people . i would like you to try the actual full copy out = before it is put on the market . it will be sold for 1 / 5 of the actual price = ( $ 10 . 00 ) until i can get back some information on what people think of the = program . = 20 please give it a try and write back any comments . thank you . if you are interested and would like to order a copy , then you can = read the mailing instructions below . it comes in an unmarked package and is = sent out at most 4 days after the order is received . you are not put on any mailing lists whatsoever , guaranteed . it will run on any 386 , 486 or = higher , = 20 and 100 % ibm compatibles . required is vga graphics , and a hard drive . = 20 the sound card is optional . macintosh requires at least 4 meg of ram . = 20 virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial intelligence programs , meaning they are completely interactive . it would be just like = if you were talking to someone . you can actually have simple = conversations . = 20 their attitudes change with the different things you say , so you can say things that will upset them , and then say things that will please them . = the more you play / talk with them , the more you learn what they can do , and = what = 20 they like to do . it really is a blast . with all these movies coming out about virtual reality , it 's amazing to actually have a virtual reality program like this for your own computer . it 's easy to install , and instructions are easy to follow . = 20 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ special software offer ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this is to inform you about the new adult game that vcs magazine rated """""""" the best game of """""""" 97 """""""" . """""""" the search for paradise is no doubt one = 20 of the greatest xxx adult games available """""""" . the first games where it is as much fun as it is a turn on ! travel the world to every continent , = every country you can think of , and meet some of the most beautiful women in existence . these women will treat you like a king and obey your every command . any sexual wish you can think of , these women know it all . = 20 there is a different paradise for every guy out there , and this game = will have them all . this game uses real models , digital video , and digital = sound to make it as realistic as possible . you will feel like you ' re in the = same room as the girl you ' re talking to ! ! ! as an added bonus you ' ll receive """""""" club celebrity x """""""" meet , talk to and even have your way with the celebrities of your = choice . imagine being in a club with some very beautiful , well known , = actual celebrities ! you have seen these girls on t . v . , magazines and = billboard ads . now they are on your computer begging for action . this game is hot = and once you start playing , you won't be able to stop ! ! ! ~ required : 386 or better , 4 meg ram or better , windows 3 . 1 or higher = ( win95 is fine ) , sound card is optional , rom is optional . ( game is given = either cd - rom or compressed 3 . 5 """""""" diskettes ) . ~ ~ $ 19 . 95 ! order now and get everything for just = $ 24 . 95 ! ! ! ! = 20 at your request , the programs can come with a password protection = utility that only allows the program to run when the correct password is = entered . = 20 = 20 ( you must be 18 or over to purchase ) please fill out the following form and mail it to the address above . = 20 ( feel free to write out the order form by hand ) = 20 send to : mark wrhel 3115 foothill blvd suite m233 la crecenta , ca 91214 = 20 your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do you have an ibm ( ) or mac ( ) ? cd rom ( ) or disks ( ) ? ( ) virtual girdfriend or ( ) boyfriend for $ 10 . 00 ( ) * both just = $ 15 . 95 ( ) the search for paradise and club celebrity x for $ 19 . 95 ( ) everything ! ! ! the search for paradise , club celebrity x , virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend . = 20 > > > > all for just $ 24 . 95 = 20
  """",1
  290,""""Subject: xxx adult entertainment
   
   join us at pink pussy club the hottest site for xxx live girl sex = shows ! ! ! we ' ve got it all ! ! ! it 's always free ! ! ! = 20 * a massive selection of xxx live girls ! ! ! ! * free membership ! ! ! * free porn star pics ! ! ! * real live sex ! ! ! * free erotic stories ! ! ! * personals & dating services * adult toys & clothing * men 's pics , gay , lesbian & bi - sexuals * adult videos , cd-roms and much , much more ! ! ! we update daily to bring you the hottest and newest xxx sex ! submit = your adult link for free ! http : / / www . pinkpussyclub . com aol click here you must be 21 to use our service . if you take offense to this email & wish to be taken off our list simply = email us at : xstacy @ hotmail . com we apologize for any
  """",1
  291,""""Subject: teeth bleaching & whitening kit
   
   your dentist can whiten and bleach your teeth at a cost of $ 300 - $ 600 . = this process has been successfully utilized by dental professionals for over 8 years . do it yourself and save $ $ $ . purchase the identical kit from a = manufacturer that supplies dentists . only $ 135 . us for internet consumers , shipped worldwide . visit the american dental supply , llc website at = http : / / www . teethwhite . com
  """",1
  292,""""Subject: business offer
   
   i ' m looking for people that have an interest in creating additional = income = 20 working from their homes with : = 20 no investment no selling no inventories no deliveries = 20 no financial risk . = 20 this is a not an mlm . if this interest you , please visit my web page = at = 20 www . hartley . on . ca / residual = 20 if this email has reached you in error , i apologize . if you wish to be = 20 removed from any future mailings from our company please reply with the = word = 20 remove in the subject line . = 20 thank you
  """",1
  293,""""Subject: business offer
   
   i ' m looking for people that have an interest in creating additional = income = 20 working from their homes with : = 20 no investment no selling no inventories no deliveries = 20 no financial risk . = 20 this is a not an mlm . if this interest you , please visit my web page = at = 20 www . hartley . on . ca / residual = 20 if this email has reached you in error , i apologize . if you wish to be = 20 removed from any future mailings from our company please reply with the = word = 20 remove in the subject line . = 20 thank you
  """",1
  294,""""Subject: thank you for joining our mailing list
   
   sorry it has taken us so long to send you our first newsletter . we redid = our server to make it faster for = 20 you . unfortunately it took a couple of months . please visit our site = today . = 20 http : / / www . mallcentral . com = 20 thank you , arlene
  """",1
  295,""""Subject: business loans & leasing of equipment
   
   do you know of a business that needs a cash loan ? we have fast fundings ! ! or might want to use lease financing for purchasing any type of equipment , computers , phones , office furniture , trucks , industrial machinery , medical equipment , etc . then use that equipment to put more $ $ on the bottom line . please give us a call at afr for any questions or to have more information and a application sent to you . call 305-382 - 8018 afr 's live polite consultants on duty to assist you from 8 : 00 am to 6 : 00 pm monday thru saturday timing is everything ! ! sometimes most business need fresh cash to be able to make new profits . expect the best service that you have ever received . please save this message for future use or give this to a business friend . thank you for your time . have a very pleasant day .
  """",1
  296,""""Subject: email list goldmine & specials
   
   removal instructions : just hit reply and put """""""" remove """""""" in the subject = line . simple . . = 20 and you will be placed on our global remove list . . = 20 just released ! ! ! the freshest , cleanest list on the internet today ! only $ 69 dollars per 1 , 000 , 000 fresh email addresses / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / have you purchased expensive bulk email software just to find out that = collecting = 20 thousands of deliverable addresses is n't as easy as you thought ? if you have a product / service to sell our list of 1 , 000 , 000 addresses = will bring you = 20 the results you ' re looking for . what makes our list different ? * * do do not collect anything from newsgroup postings * * * * our lists are updated daily and never over 1 month old ! ! * * * * we will replace every non-deliverable address with 2 new ones ! ! it 's a fact that the average internet user changes their email = address or isp = 20 several times a year . there is no way we can guarantee our lists will be = 100 % = 20 deliverable , so order today and after you use our list if there are any = undeliverable , = 20 we will replace them with 2 different email addresses ! no other = company = 20 offers this type of guarantee ! """""""" the freshest valid email addresses are pure * gold * """""""" since sending email is so inexpensive , a good email list is all you need = to reach = 20 your road to the entire world and make huge profit in the shortest time . this is how we did it ! / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / we took a total of over 50 million email addresses from many of the = touted cd ' s = 20 that are out there ( bough them all - some were over 300 dollars ! ) we = added the = 20 several million that we harvested from classified ad sites & mlmer = directories to = 20 the total . when we combined them all , we had in excess of 55 million = addresses = 20 in one huge file over a gigabyte ! we then ran a super """""""" sort / de-dupe """""""" program against this huge list . it = cut the file = 20 down to less then 20 million ! ! ! can you believe that ? it seems that = most people out = 20 there selling cd 's are duping the public by putting numerous files of = addresses in the = 20 cd over and over . this created many duplicate addresses . they also had = many = 20 program """""""" generated """""""" email addresses like compuserve , mci , anon 's , etc . = this = 20 causes a tremendous amount of undeliverables , and for those that use = stealth = 20 programs , clogs up servers quickly and gets you kicked off fast ! we then ran a program that contained 100 + bad key words to remove = addresses with = 20 vulgarity , profanity , sex-related names , postmaster , webmaster , flamer , = abuse , spam , = 20 nospam , etc . , etc . also eliminated all . edu , . mil , . org , . gov , etc . = after that list was run = 20 against the remaining list it reduced it down to near 8 million = addresses ! finally and lastly , we tested our list of addresses by sending them a = small teaser ad = 20 and guess our response rate ! ! ! after we finished sending mail to all of = the 10 million = 20 people our response rate was close to 6 % ! ! ! the money we received from = all these = 20 customers was 3 - 4 times as much as you would pay for any other bulk = email list cd . = 20 giving us a tremendous profit on our investment . our list is a gold = mine ! so , you see , our list will save people hundreds of dollars buying all = others that are out = 20 there on cd and otherwise . using ours will be like using the 50 million = that we started with , = 20 but a lot less money and for a lot less time ! ! we also included some of cyber-promo 's email addresses in this list . = we included it just = 20 prior to finishing production on this new list . we also filtered our = list from a 300 , 000 = 20 """""""" remove / flamer """""""" list to add against flames . * * the bottom line is * * sure , you can buy a cd-rom with """""""" 25 - million """""""" addresses for $ 150 . 00 but = what good = 20 will it do if 80 % of the lists are those of non-deliverable , randomly = generated or fake ? = 20 here 's something you should know , those companies that offer such = products use = 20 software that randomly produces email addresses . for example , they = start with = 20 an extension like """""""" @ prodigy """""""" and starting form a - z , produce addresses = like : adam @ prodigy . net , adam1 @ prodigy . net , adam2 @ prodigy . net etc . . . of course with almost 100 million internet users some of those = addresses will actually = 20 be real , but are you willing to risk it ? facts are , nobody can collect = 25 million different = 20 real addresses unless you had a dozen servers working around the clock = for months . = 20 and by the time you collected 25 million addresses , most of them will no = longer be valid = 20 due to cancelled accounts , changed email addresses , etc . you ' ll get = much better results = 20 and rich faster if you purchased newer lists of real addresses , not = randomly generated ones . = 20 our 1 million address list is a targeted group of addresses that have = been gathered specifically looking for opportunity seekers , on - line marketers , etc . the list is = highly responsive and hot ! price : $ 69 . 00 our 2 million address list consists of a broad range of end users . from = those who post in = 20 classified sections , directories , and much more ! this list also includes = all the on line marketers that are in the first list . = 20 price : $ 119 . 00 how to order : to order , please print this email out and cut from here on : order now ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( cut here ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - order form : please print out this order form and then fill in the blanks . . . _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i am ordering within 7 days , please send the site = information for my whole = 20 list of 1 or 2 ( circle one ) million e-mail addresses for the appropriate = price listed below , = 20 and include a list of 200 , 000 targeted us e-mail addresses as a super = bonus ! enclosed is $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ us funds signed to ( kevin monrose ) for your email = list , it is in a = 20 business check / personal check / us money order / cash ( circle one ) : by sending cash , please make sure that cash is wrapped around with many = fold of thick paper and sealed securely . ( if possible , wrapped around with carbon = paper ) . use the private mail service such as ups or fedex to ensure fast delivery . = many of our clients use this method because they are not familiar with = international banking process . please place inside an envelope and mail to : unique marketing solutions 136 hidden valley place n . w . calgary , alberta t3a4z6 canada please contact kevin monrose at ( 403 ) 274-5823 during evenings mon-sat = before you place a order . = 20 thank you ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email addresses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ as soon as we process your check or money order , the information and = 20 passwords for downloading will be send first via email , and then by a = phone call .
  """",1
  297,""""Subject: warning !
   
   warning ! you ' re about to see something great ! if you are interested , = visit this web site . . . . http : / / 207 . 36 . 85 . 71 or click here !
  """",1
  298,""""Subject: attraction
   
   do you want to succeed at dating , or you just need a little spark to = your relationship or marriage ? well here is the answer for you ! sensations = ae , the new compact disc that uses proven subliminal = techniques to increase your chances of sexual success with the opposite sex . . simply = play it and watch it work ! ! ! ! do you want to be a winner ? = 20 if yes then go to http : / / 207 . 134 . 166 . 10 / users / subliminal / subliminal . htm
  """",1
  299,""""Subject: hi , how are you !
   
   dear friend : this is an extremely important announcement for you ! iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii = iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii important announcement important announcement = ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' = ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' your future may depend on it ! ! ! iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii = iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii before you learn about this ' important announcement ' , please read the following ' editorial excerpts ' first from some important publications in = the united states : new york times : """""""" in concluding our review of financial organizations ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' to effect change in = the 90 's , special attention should be called to ' world currency cartel ' organization based in california . = the members of this organization are amassing hundreds of millions of = dollars in the currency market using a very legal method which has never been divulged to the general public . while their purpose is not yet = known , their presence has most certainly been felt """""""" . nbc nightly news : """""""" members of the world currency cartel = organization , ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' who always = keep very low profile of themselves , are some of the most powerful and wealthiest people in this hemisphere """""""" . more excerpts later , but first let us give you this """""""" important = announcement """""""" : ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` = ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` we are glad to announce that for the very first time , the world currency cartel organization will instruct a limited number of people worldwide how to convert $ 25 into one hundred of legal currency . we will transact the first conversion for you , after that you can = quickly and easily do this on your own hundreds or even thousands of times each and every month . take advantage of this """""""" secret flaw """""""" ! = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d it is even more explosive than we have yet disclosed . while currency does fluctuates daily , we can show you how to convert $ 99 = 20 into $ 580 as many times as you want . that means , you will be able to convert $ 99 american legal currency dollars for = 20 $ 580 of the same . you can do this as many times as you wish , = 20 every day , every week , every month . all very legally and effort - lessly ! it only takes about 5 to 10 minutes each time you do this . you can do this from your home , office or even while travelling . all you need is an access to a phone line and an address . best of all , you can do this from any city on this earth ! ! ! again , we must reiterate , anyone can do this and the source is never - ending . for as long as the global financial community continues to use different currencies with varying exchange rate , this """""""" secret flaw """""""" will exist . = ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' as we said earlier , we will do the first transaction for you and will = also show you exactly how to do this on your own , over and over again . the amount of exchange you would do each time is entirely up to you . working just 2 to 10 hrs a week , you can soon join the list of = mllionaires who do this on a daily basis and many times a day . the transaction is so simple that even a high school kid can do it ! we at the world currency cartel organization would like to see a uniform global currency backed by gold . but , until then , we will allow a = limited number of individuals worldwide to share in the unlimited profits = provided for by the world currency differentials . we will espouse no more political views nor will we ask you do so . we can say however , that our parent organization wealth exchange int . = 20 benefits greatly by the knowledge being shared as we ourselves along with you benefit likewise . your main concern surely will be , how you = will benefit . in a short time , after you become a member , you can start making trans - actions from your home , office , by telephone or through the mail and = even while travelling . as we said earlier , we will do the first transaction = for you and will show you exactly how to do this over and over again . no one can stop you from earning hundreds of thousands and even millions of dollars each year for as long as this """""""" secret flaw """""""" exist ! = ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' do n't believe us , experience it for ourself ! ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; = unlike anyone else , we will assure you a great financial freedom and you will add to our = quickly growing base of supporters and join the list of mllionaires being = created using this """""""" secret flaw """""""" in the world currency market ! ! don ' t envy us , join us today ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * there is a one time membership fee of only $ 195 . 00 . but , if you join us by march 25 , 1998 , which is our company 's second anniversarry date , you can join us for only $ 25 administrative cost . your important documents , instructions , contact name / address / phone number and all other pertinent information will be mailed to you immediately . so , take advantage of our anniversarry date and join us today . ( if you are replying after march 25 , 1998 ; you must pay $ 195 for the membership . no exceptions and no more e-mail enquiries ) . upon becoming a member , you promise to keep all infos confidential . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ should you choose to cancel your membership for any reason , you must return all documents for a refund within 60 days . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ important : ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 1 . . . . . write your name & mailing address very clearly on paper 2 . . . . . below your address , please write your e - mail address ( optional ) 3 . . . . . at the top left hand corner , write the word """""""" new member """""""" 4 . . . . . attache a check or m . o . for $ 25 plus $ 3 for postage & shipping ( total us $ 28 . 00 ) 5 . . . . . make it payable to ' wealth exchange int . ' and mail to : wealth exchange int . 9903 santa monica bl ; suite # 405 beverly hills , ca 90212 . u . s . a . ( overseas request must add us $ 10 . 00 extra for the postage ) . > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > here are some more editorial excerpts : ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` wall street : """""""" a discreet group of americans , operating under the guise of world currency cartel have recently = begun making rumbles in world finance market . while at this time , their game is not completely known , they certainly be watched by those making major moves in the curency contracts """""""" . financial week : """""""" watch them , monitor them , extract their knowledge and try to become one of them . that is = the soundest financial advice we could give someone """""""" . national business weekly : """""""" while this reporter has been left in the = cold as to its method of = operation , we have been able to confirm that world currency cartel and its members are literally amassing great fortunes overnight """""""" . $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ end $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
  """",1
  300,""""Subject: 1 week free access .
   
   the best adult entertainment site on the www , announces a limited time introductory offer . 1 week free access ! ! ! no risk , no obligation , cancel at any time ! for more details , visit the following web site url : http : / / 195 . 34 . 44 . 4 / pornoland / ( this message and web site are intended for mature adults over 18 . if under 18 , please delete this message . ) http : / / 195 . 34 . 44 . 4 / pornoland /
  """",1
  301,""""Subject: re :
   
   just released . . . never sold before only 50 copies available over 250 , 000 email addresses for only = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? . . . . . . . . . read on these addresses are less than 21 days old . earn insane profits with the right formula if you have a product , service , or message that you would like to get = out to thousands , hundreds of thousands , or even millions of people , you = have several options . traditional methods include print advertising , = direct mail , radio , and television advertising . they are all effective , = but they all have two catches : they ' re expensive and time consuming . not = only that , you only get one shot at making your message heard , by the = right people . the internet , the """""""" global communications frontier """""""" has changed this = dramatically , including making countless individuals wealthy . = 20 """""""" electronic marketing , """""""" as it 's commonly referred to , has effectively = leveled the playing fields of all types businesses . internet marketing services has been in the online marketing business = for over 3 years . we can help make your goals come true . we have helped = many individuals succeed in marketing their product effectively . it 's = very simple to do . in fact soon you will have the problem of what to do = with all the cash you will make from sending out bulk email . = 20 here is just one of many true success stories we have seen . . . we did a mailing of 1 1 / 2 million emails for one of our customers . he = was selling a home workers manual for $ 29 . 95 . his results are very = typical and scary . he took in over 700 orders ! 700 x $ 29 . 95 = 3d $ 20 , 000 . = this gentleman was so amazed , that after being skeptical , it had really = happened to him , he made it , he found a niche . that niche was email ! he = went on to buy our full list and will be set for life in less than six = months time . all this from selling a simple manual via e . mail . that was just one of the many success stories we hear everyday . = 20 it may all sound to good to be true . well , we can tell you this . it = really does work . why else are so many individuals doing it ? they are = not just wasting their time . they are all making mega bucks . do n't even hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most = effective way to market anywhere . . period ! = 20 here ' s the bottom line and what we can do for you here is what you get when you order today ! > > 250 , 000 email addresses . . . 1 per line in simple text format . you will receive email addresses of the following domains . . . aol , = prodigy , compuserve , delphi , genie , juno , pipeline , interamp , msn , mci , = and other mixed email addresses ( . com , . net or . uk . . . etc ) . plus these bonus specials . . . you get everything for only $ 49 including p&p ( or = a330 uk ) > > > special bonus . . . if you order within 48 hours you can deduct $ 9 . 00 = ( or = a35 uk ) from the listed price . limited time only ! so only $ 40 or = = a325 uk . do n't even hesitate on this one . . reserve yours today ! all lists are completely free of any duplicates . we also on a continual = basis , add new names and remove undeliverables and remove requests . = 20 the result is the cleanest email addresses available anywhere to use = over and over again , for a fraction of the cost that other companies = charge . typical rates for acquiring email lists are from 1 cent to as = high as 3 cents per email address - that 's """""""" information highway """""""" = robbery ! . = 20 = 09 we only charge 0 . 016 cents per email address . start earning mega money and get started now ! if you have any further questions please feel free to contact us anytime = at : lists @ writeme . com and please type """""""" questions """""""" in the subject line . to order our email package , simply call our 24 hour order line at : = 20 tel : + 44 141 339 8325 ( outside uk ) 0141 339 8325 ( within uk ) anytime . you can also fax us on : + 44 141 339 8325 ( outside uk ) 0141 339 8325 = ( within uk ) anytime . don ' t forget . . . . . . . . . . . if you order within 48 hours you can deduct = $ 9 . 00 ( or = a35 uk ) from the listed price . limited time only ! so only $ 40 = or = a325 uk . best of luck ! ! we apologize if this e . mail was sent to you in error . to be permanently removed from all mailing lists simply send any e . mail = to : remove @ bulkcenter . com thank you ! internet marketing services
  """",1
  302,""""Subject: hi , how are you !
   
   dear friend : this is an extremely important announcement for you ! iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii = iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii important announcement important announcement = ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' = ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' your future may depend on it ! ! ! iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii = iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii before you learn about this ' important announcement ' , please read the following ' editorial excerpts ' first from some important publications in = the united states : new york times : """""""" in concluding our review of financial organizations ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' to effect change in = the 90 's , special attention should be called to ' world currency cartel ' organization based in california . = the members of this organization are amassing hundreds of millions of = dollars in the currency market using a very legal method which has never been divulged to the general public . while their purpose is not yet = known , their presence has most certainly been felt """""""" . nbc nightly news : """""""" members of the world currency cartel = organization , ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' who always = keep very low profile of themselves , are some of the most powerful and wealthiest people in this hemisphere """""""" . more excerpts later , but first let us give you this """""""" important = announcement """""""" : ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` = ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` we are glad to announce that for the very first time , the world currency cartel organization will instruct a limited number of people worldwide how to convert $ 25 into one hundred of legal currency . we will transact the first conversion for you , after that you can = quickly and easily do this on your own hundreds or even thousands of times each and every month . take advantage of this """""""" secret flaw """""""" ! = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d it is even more explosive than we have yet disclosed . while currency does fluctuates daily , we can show you how to convert $ 99 = 20 into $ 580 as many times as you want . that means , you will be able to convert $ 99 american legal currency dollars for = 20 $ 580 of the same . you can do this as many times as you wish , = 20 every day , every week , every month . all very legally and effort - lessly ! it only takes about 5 to 10 minutes each time you do this . you can do this from your home , office or even while travelling . all you need is an access to a phone line and an address . best of all , you can do this from any city on this earth ! ! ! again , we must reiterate , anyone can do this and the source is never - ending . for as long as the global financial community continues to use different currencies with varying exchange rate , this """""""" secret flaw """""""" will exist . = ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' as we said earlier , we will do the first transaction for you and will = also show you exactly how to do this on your own , over and over again . the amount of exchange you would do each time is entirely up to you . working just 2 to 10 hrs a week , you can soon join the list of = mllionaires who do this on a daily basis and many times a day . the transaction is so simple that even a high school kid can do it ! we at the world currency cartel organization would like to see a uniform global currency backed by gold . but , until then , we will allow a = limited number of individuals worldwide to share in the unlimited profits = provided for by the world currency differentials . we will espouse no more political views nor will we ask you do so . we can say however , that our parent organization wealth exchange int . = 20 benefits greatly by the knowledge being shared as we ourselves along with you benefit likewise . your main concern surely will be , how you = will benefit . in a short time , after you become a member , you can start making trans - actions from your home , office , by telephone or through the mail and = even while travelling . as we said earlier , we will do the first transaction = for you and will show you exactly how to do this over and over again . no one can stop you from earning hundreds of thousands and even millions of dollars each year for as long as this """""""" secret flaw """""""" exist ! = ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' do n't believe us , experience it for ourself ! ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; = unlike anyone else , we will assure you a great financial freedom and you will add to our = quickly growing base of supporters and join the list of mllionaires being = created using this """""""" secret flaw """""""" in the world currency market ! ! don ' t envy us , join us today ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * there is a one time membership fee of only $ 195 . 00 . but , if you join us by march 25 , 1998 , which is our company 's second anniversarry date , you can join us for only $ 25 administrative cost . your important documents , instructions , contact name / address / phone number and all other pertinent information will be mailed to you immediately . so , take advantage of our anniversarry date and join us today . ( if you are replying after march 25 , 1998 ; you must pay $ 195 for the membership . no exceptions and no more e-mail enquiries ) . upon becoming a member , you promise to keep all infos confidential . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ should you choose to cancel your membership for any reason , you must return all documents for a refund within 60 days . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ important : ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 1 . . . . . write your name & mailing address very clearly on paper 2 . . . . . below your address , please write your e - mail address ( optional ) 3 . . . . . at the top left hand corner , write the word """""""" new member """""""" 4 . . . . . attache a check or m . o . for $ 25 plus $ 3 for postage & shipping ( total us $ 28 . 00 ) 5 . . . . . make it payable to ' wealth exchange int . ' and mail to : wealth exchange int . 9903 santa monica bl ; suite # 405 beverly hills , ca 90212 . u . s . a . ( overseas request must add us $ 10 . 00 extra for the postage ) . > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > here are some more editorial excerpts : ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` wall street : """""""" a discreet group of americans , operating under the guise of world currency cartel have recently = begun making rumbles in world finance market . while at this time , their game is not completely known , they certainly be watched by those making major moves in the curency contracts """""""" . financial week : """""""" watch them , monitor them , extract their knowledge and try to become one of them . that is = the soundest financial advice we could give someone """""""" . national business weekly : """""""" while this reporter has been left in the = cold as to its method of = operation , we have been able to confirm that world currency cartel and its members are literally amassing great fortunes overnight """""""" . $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ end $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
  """",1
  303,""""Subject: change your life for $ 15 . 55
   
   you can make money or excuses . . . but not both ! ! ! """""""" he who dares nothing , need not hope for anything """""""" . """""""" invest a little time , energy and very little money now or search for it for the rest of your life """""""" . surely you have heard by now about the four reports - we all have . = 20 but here are the real facts . these all deal with multi level marketing = and = 20 require you to promote people upline and find people to promote your = downline . i believe there is a different way of doing things . if you are going to = invest time = 20 and a little money , which is required , why not promote what you have and = what you have only . let the others take care of themselves , for themselves . each and every one of the reports listed below have the capability of = changing your life forever . and they will if you apply them to your lives . if your order is postmarked within ten days of this e-mail , you can have = all four reports for only $ 15 . 00 and a self-addressed stamped ( . 55 cents = postage ) envelope . you save five dollars , postage , envelopes and mailings . there is no better way to spend $ 15 . 55 than to use it to change your = life forever . the downside : you invest $ 15 . 55 and receive 4 reports and do nothing = with them . the upside : you invest $ 15 . 55 and receive 4 reports that , if utilized , = pave the road to financial success and freedom . = 20 seems like a very worthwhile investment gamble to me ! ! ! where else would such a small investment pay off in such an exciting = way . it 's your call ! ! ! listed below are the four reports that will change your life , = guaranteed : # 1 - how to make $ 250 , 000 . 00 through multi level marketing , # 2 - major corporations and multi level sales , # 3 - sources for the best mailing lists , # 4 - evaluating multi level sales . mail $ 15 . 00 cash for the four reports to : benzer productions 14341 inglewood ave . # 183 hawthorne , ca 90250 you must include : ( 1 ) - a note stating that you are ordering the four reports , ( 2 ) - a self-addressed stamped ( . 55 cents postage ) envelope , ( 3 ) - $ 15 . 00 cash only . international orders should be sent with $ 16 . 00 cash . ( $ 1 . 00 is for the extra postage ) all orders will be mailed within 48 hours . the decision is yours . change your life forever for only $ 15 . 55 . change your life today . please note : when you receive a $ 15 . 00 order , you must send out the product / service to comply with u . s . postal and lottery laws . title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 specifically state that : """""""" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . """""""" doc . cyl
  """",1
  304,""""Subject: save hundreds at restaurants , groceries and airlines
   
   double coupon books ! just - - $ 40 - - a low one time purchase gets the following : $ 500 grocery coupon book $ 300 fast food restaurant coupon = all of the top name places first time on the market ! this program is : * simple ! * easy ! * easy to duplicate ! * affordable ! get - a - way checks - - complimentary $ 500 airline discount coupon book your books arrive in days of your order coupons redeemable at participating retailers . fax - on - demand : ( 619 ) 622-0073 ext . 1116-01 # or 02 # this information is contained in the website request information or ask questions information hotline ( 916 ) 486-5580
  """",1
  305,""""Subject: free book ! from # 1 best - selling financial author , robert allen
   
   i have discovered what i believe is the perfect home-based business . although i ' m well known for real-estate investment books and seminars , = this new business has absolutely nothing to do with real estate . in = fact , it 's much easier and far less risky . it involves no employees , = little start-up cash , little risk and it 's so simple , anyone can do it . you could be earning $ 1 , 000 a week in as little as 90 days . the number to call immediately is ( 888 ) 303-0621 . it 's a toll-free = 2 - minute 24 - hour recorded message . this may be the answer you have been = seeking . warmly , robert g . allen p . s . i want to show you how to create extra streams of income quickly . = go to the phone and call now . '
  """",1
  306,""""Subject: penpals - correspondence - freinds .
   
   hello , come and visit us , meet new friends from brazil . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - correspondence * penpals * travel * romance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ http : / / www . always-friends . com always friends , bem - vindo
  """",1
  307,""""Subject: a new weight loss patch from north america print this form and reply by fax to 816-356 - 7310 for more info ! call our one minute information line 913-383 - 7979
   
   the patch for weight loss is here and resellers are needed ! just stick it and forget it , it works 24 hours per day . launch date april 1 , 1998 pay no money now ! position yourself - have you sales team in = 20 place and then decide . no gamble - all win - no lose earn $ 2500 . 00 per week , you can be paid the first week ! = 20 totally new company founded by doctors ! super weight loss documentation . . . . . this isn = 92t the one to wait around on ! _ _ _ yes - reserve my position . name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ c&h enterprises is a direct representative to the company . we = 20 will do everything possible to assist you in building sales . now fax to 816-356 - 7310 . your information pack will be faxed = 20 asap . you may use this form for pre-recruiting & contacting other = 20 people . just fill in your name as sponsor below and fax or e-mail = 20 it to other people . start now ! don = 92t miss the explosion ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sponsors name sponsors phone sponsors fax = 20 print this form and reply by fax 816-356 - 7310 reply by fax today !
  """",1
  308,""""Subject: you can win ! ! !
   
   enter the super nova sweepstakes - - - you might win a free vacation for two to the greatest casinos around the world ! ! ! click right here , right now - first stop = a0 las vegas - enjoy a luxurious stay on the las vegas strip where you will find fabulous entertainment and exceptional dining . second stop sun city - rejoice in the splendor of this south african resort town while gambling in the far southern hemisphere . final stop - monaco , the world 's most royal city - where you ' ll gamble and relax amidst european splendor . in total , you ' ll have 11 nights and 12 days of luxurious entertainment and gambling at the most spectacular casinos the world has to offer . = a0 but you have to enter . click right here , right now -
  """",1
  309,""""Subject: here is how to send your own bulk email
   
   this website will teach you how to bulk email your product , service , or business opportunity successfully . . . and how to target email your product or service in your local / specific area fact : while there are many people who try to bulk email , there are very few who do it successfully ! why ? : because many people buy bulk email software along with millions of addresses , and are still not supplied with the necessary information they must have to successfully bulk email . here is the rest of the information that the bulk email programs and list sellers never give you that you must have . for the beginner : this site teaches you as if you were in the 1st grade , with complete step-by - step instructions , software & addresses to start effective bulk emailing immediately , at speeds of up to 250 , 000 emails per hour ( and faster ) . do n't pay someone else to send your bulk email . . . you never know if it really is going out ! do it yourself ! we include : how to target email your product or service in your local / specific area plus : * complete instructions on how to send bulk email ! * information on smtp servers * """""""" bulk friendly """""""" isps * how to make sure your email is being delivered * how to read header information * how to put """""""" click here """""""" links in your bulk email * how to send bulk email in color * information on the internet and why bulk emailing * much , much more ! also : * free 8 million email addresses available for download right now ! * free email list management software ( sorts , counts , filters , combines , etc . at lightning speed ! ) * stealth massmailer software when registering you will save 50 % ! ! ! ! ! * free software demo that automatically keeps you signed on aol indefinitely ! * search engine submission software demo * and much more ! ! ! ! * note : while the software that is obtainable at this site is valuable , it is secondary to the valuable information you will obtain regarding how to send bulk email ! the cost for membership is only $ 99 . 00 ! ! ! ! limited time offer ! call now for access ! ! 352-315 - 6069 we also provide professional bulk emailing services . call for details .
  """",1
  310,""""Subject: a new beginning
   
   subject : a new beginning this is the beginning of the beginning this is the groundfloor of something unprecedented . if you missed out on profiting from microsoft 's stellar rise . . . . . . or profiting from the satellite tv explosion . . . . . . or profiting from the internet phenomenon . . . if you watched real opportunity after real opportunity pass by as others made fortunes . . . then you ' ve now just been handed another chance . only this one is the mother of all opportunities . i invite you to listen and learn about the product of the decade . . . . . . and why our exclusive rights to it will make you and me a fortune . toll free 1-888 - 625-8106 ( 24 hours )
  """",1
  311,""""Subject: = = = > home computer workers needed now ! < = = =
   
   my personal advise : skip all the b . s . & go straight to the instructions , this is very logical , read it all the way through & you ' ll see why it really works ! ( if you have any questions please write to me at : faq _ here @ yahoo . com ) ( i apologize if this e . mail was sent to you in error . to be permanently removed from all mailing lists simply reply & type in the 's ubject ' : """""""" remove """""""" ) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then read it again ! ! ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its ability to generate large amounts of cash . this program is showing fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go to the bank ! this truly is the lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow the easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams will come true ! when followed correctly , this multi-level marketing program works perfectly . . 100 % every time ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , cars , etc . this is your chance , do n't pass it up ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary electronic multi-level marketing program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - this is what you will do to reach financial freedom : you will send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level businesses , you will increase your business building your downline and selling the products ( reports ) . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new multi - level business online ( via your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive via """""""" snail mail """""""" will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they ordered . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s it ! the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest multi-level marketing business anywhere ! follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n s * * * * * * * follow these instructions exactly , and in 15 to 40 days you will have received well over $ 50 , 000 . 00 cash , all yours . this program has remained successful because of the honesty and integrity of the participants . please continue its success by carefully adhering to the instructions . this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose name appears on the list next to the report . * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save them on your computer and resell them . * usually within 10 days you will receive , via e-mail , the four reports . save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in steps """""""" a """""""" through """""""" f """""""" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , take this advertisement and remove the name and address under report # 4 . this person has made it through the cycle and is no doubt counting their 50 grand ! c . move the name and address under report # 3 down to report # 4 . d . move the name and address under report # 2 down to report # 3 . e . move the name and address under report # 1 down to report # 2 . f . insert your name / address in the report # 1 position . please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address accurately ! ! ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this letter . 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the worldwide web ! advertising on the web is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . another avenue which you could use for advertising is e-mail lists . you can buy these lists for under $ 20 / 2 , 000 addresses or you can pay someone a minimal charge to take care of it for you . 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report ( checks not accepted ) - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets of paper - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and ( c ) your postal address . it is suggested that you rent a mailbox addressed to an assumed """""""" company """""""" name to avoid your name and home address being sent to millions of people . for an example , see the """""""" company """""""" names listed below . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """""""" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """""""" order report # 1 from : kjr 383 kingston av . suite # 226 brooklyn , ny 11213 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """""""" major corporations and multi-level sales """""""" order report # 2 from : el madrileno inc . 824 eastern parkway brooklyn , ny 11213 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """""""" sources for the best mailing lists """""""" order report # 3 from : john stone 425 brooklyn av . brooklyn , ny 11225 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """""""" evaluating multi-level sales plans """""""" order report # 4 from : dominguez pedro 383 kingston av . apt . 226 , 2 - b brooklyn ny 11213 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think about it ! your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which state that """""""" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . """""""" * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving """""""" junk mail . """""""" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population and percentages involved . i """""""" knew """""""" it would n't work . doris totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old """""""" i told you so """""""" on her when the thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i have joined doris in her """""""" hobby . """""""" i did have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the """""""" rat race """""""" and it 's not for me . we owe it all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i surprised when i found my medium-size post office box crammed with orders ! for awhile , it got so overloaded that i had to start picking up my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't matter where in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! ! !
  """",1
  312,""""Subject: free web site
   
   new improved with free software , free bulk e mail system , free web site = to do what you wish , ongoing support ( optional ) , and a lot more ! all = included , when you order all four reports . this is a """""""" one-time message """""""" you were randomly selected to receive = this . = 20 there is no need to reply to remove , you will receive no further = mailings from us . if you have interest in this great information , please do not click = reply , = 20 use the contact information in this message . thank you ! \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ $ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ = \ \ \ \ \ you are about to make at least $ 50 , 000 usd in less than 90 days read the enclosed program . . . then read it again . . . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / / dear friend , the enclosed information is something i almost let slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . my name is christopher erickson . two years ago , the corporation i worked at for the past twelve years down-sized and my position was eliminated . after unproductive job interviews , i decided to open my own business . over the past year , i incurred many unforeseen financial problems . i owed my family , friends , and creditors over $ 35 , 000 . the economy was taking a toll on my business and i just could n't seem to make ends meet . i had to refinance and borrow against my home to support my family and struggling business . i truly believe it was wrong for me to be in debt like this . at that moment something significant happened in my life and i am writing to share my experience in hopes that this will change your life forever . . . . financially ! ! ! in mid - december , i received this program via email . six months prior to receiving this program i had been sending away for information on various business opportunities . all of the programs i received , in my opinion , were not cost effective . they were either too difficult for me to comprehend or the initial investment was too much for me to risk to see if they worked or not . one claimed i 'd make a million dollars in one year . . . it did n't tell me i 'd have to write a book to make it . but like i was saying , in december of ' 92 i received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off a mailing list . thank goodness for that ! ! ! after reading it several times , to = make sure i was reading it correctly , i could n't believe my eyes . = 20 here was a money-making phenomenon . i could invest as much as i wanted = to start , without putting me further in debt . after i got a pencil and paper and figured it out , i would at least get my money back . after determining that the program is legal and not a chain letter , i decided """""""" why not """""""" . initially i sent out 10 , 000 emails . it only cost me about $ 15 . 00 for my time on-line . the great thing about email is that i did n't need any money for printing to send out the program , only the cost to fulfill my orders . i am telling you like it is , i hope it does n't turn you off , but i promised myself that i would not """""""" rip-off """""""" anyone , no matter how much money it cost me ! . in less than one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by january 13th , i had received 26 orders for report # 1 . when you read the guarantee in the program , you will see that """""""" you must receive = 15 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks . if you don ' t , send out = more programs until you do ! """""""" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in 20 to = 90 days was done . by january 30th , i had received 196 orders for report = # 2 . if you go back to the guarantee , """""""" you must receive 100 or more orders for report # 2 within two weeks . if not , send out more = programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , = relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goal . """""""" well , i had 196 orders for = report # 2 , 96 more than i needed . so i sat back and relaxed . by march = 19th , of my emailing of 10 , 000 , i received $ 58 , 000 with more coming in = every day . i paid off all my debts and bought a much needed new car . please take time to read the attached program , it will change your life forever ! remember , it wont work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place . it does n't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! report # 2 explains this . = 20 always follow the guarantee , 15 to 20 orders for report # 1 , and 100 or more orders for report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or more in 20 to 90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i ' m sorry . it really is a great opportunity with little cost or risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to financial security . if you are a fellow business owner and you are in financial trouble like i was , or you want to start your own business , consider this a sign . i did ! sincerely , christopher erickson ps do you have any idea what 11 , 700 $ 5 bills ( $ 58 , 000 ) look like piled up on a kitchen table ? it ' s awesome ! """""""" threw it away """""""" """""""" i had received this program before . i threw it away , but later wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to contact to get a copy , so i had to wait until i was emailed another copy of the program . eleven months passed , then it came . i didn ' t throw this one away . i made $ 41 , 000 on the first try . """""""" dawn w . , evansville , in """""""" no free lunch """""""" """""""" my late father always told me , ' remember , alan , there is no free lunch in life . you get out of life what you put into it . ' through trial and error and a somewhat slow frustrating start , i finally figured it out . the program works very well , i just had to find the right target group of people to email it to . so far this year , i have made over $ 63 , 000 using this program . i know my dad would have been very proud of me . """""""" alan b . , philadelphia , pa a personal note from the originator of this program by the time you have read the enclosed information and looked over the enclosed program and reports , you should have concluded that such a program , and one that is legal , could not have been created by an amateur . let me tell you a little about myself . i had a profitable business for ten years . then in 1979 my business began falling off . i was doing the same things that were previously successful for me , but it was n't working . finally , i figured it out . it was n't me , it was the economy . inflation and recession had replaced the stable economy that had been with us since 1945 . i do n't have to tell you what happened to the unemployment rate . . . because many of you know from first hand experience . there were more failures and bankruptcies than ever before . the middle class was vanishing . those who knew what they were doing = invested wisely and moved up . those who did not , including those who = never had anything to save or invest , were moving down into the ranks of = the poor . as the saying goes , """""""" the rich get richer and the poor get = poorer . """""""" the traditional methods of making money will never allow you = to """""""" move up """""""" or """""""" get rich """""""" , inflation will see to that . you have just received information that can give you financial freedom for the rest of your life , with """""""" no risk """""""" and """""""" just a little bit of effort . """""""" you can make more money in the next few months than you have = ever imagined . i should also point out that i will not see a penny of your money , nor anyone else who has provided a testimonial for this program . i have already made over four million dollars ! i have retired from the program after sending out over 16 , 000 programs . now i have several offices which market this and several other programs here in the us and overseas . by the spring , we wish to market the ' internet ' by a partnership with america on line . follow the program exactly as instructed . do not change it in any way . = it works exceedingly well as it is now . remember to email a copy of = this exciting program to everyone that you can think of . one of the people you send this to may send out 50 , 000 . . . and your name will be on every one of them ! . remember though , the more you send out , the = more potential customers you will reach . so my friend , i have given you the ideas , information , materials and opportunity to become financially independent , it is up to you now ! """""""" think about it """""""" before you delete this program from your mailbox , as i almost did , take a little time to read it and really think about it . get a pencil and figure out what could happen when you participate . figure out the worst possible response and no matter how you calculate it , you will still make a lot of money ! definitely get back what you invested . = 20 any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . it works ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc here ' s how this amazing program will make you $ $ $ $ $ $ let 's say that you decide to start small , just to see how it goes , and we ' ll assume you and all those involved send out 2 , 000 programs each . let 's also assume that the mailing receives a . 5 % response . using a good list the response could be much better . also many people will send out hundreds of thousands of programs instead of 2 , 000 . but continuing with this example , you send out only 2 , 000 programs . with a . 5 % response , that is only 10 orders for report # 1 . those 10 people respond by sending out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 20 , 000 . out of those . 5 % , 100 people respond and order report # 2 . those 100 mail out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 200 , 000 . the . 5 % response to that is 1 , 000 orders for report # 3 . those 1 , 000 send out 2 , 000 programs each for a 2 , 000 , 000 total . the . 5 % response to that is 10 , 000 orders for report # 4 . that 's 10 , 000 five dollar bills for you . cash ! ! ! ! your total income in this example is $ 50 + $ 500 + $ 5000 + $ 50 , 000 for a total of $ 55 , 550 ! ! ! ! remember friend , this is assuming 1 , 990 out of 2 , 000 people you mail to = will do absolutely nothing . . . and trash this program ! dare to think for = a moment what would happen if everyone or half sent out 100 , 000 programs instead of only 2 , 000 . believe me , many people will do = that and more ! by the way , your cost to participate in this is = practically nothing . you obviously already have an internet connection and email is free ! ! ! report # 3 will show you the best methods for bulk emailing and purchasing email lists . this is a legitimate , legal , money making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house except to get the mail . if you believe that someday you ' ll get that big break that you ' ve been waiting for , this is it ! simply follow the instructions , and your dream will come true . this multi-level email order marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time . email is the sales tool of the future . take advantage of this non-commercialized method of advertising now ! ! the longer you wait , the more people will be doing business using email . get your piece of this action ! ! multi-level marketing ( mlm ) has finally gained respectability . it is = being taught in the harvard business school , and both stanford research and the wall street journal have stated that between 50 % and = 65 % of all goods and services will be sold throughout multi - level methods by the mid to late 1990 's . this is a multi - billion dollar industry and of the 500 , 000 millionaires in the us , 20 % ( 100 , 000 ) made their fortune in the last several years in mlm . moreover , statistics show 45 people become millionaires everyday through multi - level marketing . instructions we at erris mail order marketing business , have a method of raising capital that really works 100 % every time . i am sure that you could use = $ 50 , 000 to $ 125 , 000 in the next 20 to 90 days . before you say """""""" bull """""""" , please read the program carefully . this is not a chain letter , but a perfectly legal money making opportunity . basically , this is what we do : as with all multi-level business , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the usa allows you to recruit new multi - level business partners , and we offer a product for every dollar sent . your orders come and are filled through the mail , so you are not = involved in personal selling . you do it privately in your own home , = store or office . this is the greatest multi - level mail order marketing anywhere : step ( 1 ) order all four 4 reports listed by name and number . do this by ordering the report from each of the four 4 names listed on the next page . for each report , send $ 5 cash and a self - addressed , stamped envelope ( business size # 10 ) = to the person listed for the specific report . international = = 20 orders should also include $ 2 extra for postage . it is essential that you specify the name and number of the report requested to the person you are ordering from . you will need all four 4 reports because you will be reprinting and reselling them . do not alter the names or sequence other than what the instructions say . important : always provide same-day service on all orders . step ( 2 ) replace the name and address under report # 1 with yours , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . drop the name and address under report # 2 to report # 3 , moving the one that was there to report # 4 . the name and address that was under report # 4 is dropped from the list and this party is no doubt on the way to the bank . when doing this , make certain you type the names and addresses accurately ! do not mix up moving product / report positions ! ! ! step ( 3 ) having made the required changes in the name list , save it as a text ( . txt ) file in it 's own directory to be used with whatever email program you like . again , report # 3 will tell you the best methods of bulk emailing and acquiring email lists . step ( 4 ) email a copy of the entire program ( all of this is very important ) to everyone whose address you can get your hands on . start with friends and relatives since you can encourage them to take advantage of this fabulous = 20 money-making opportunity . that 's what i did . and they love me now , more than ever . then , email to anyone and everyone ! use your imagination ! you can get email addresses from companies on the internet who specialize in email mailing lists . these are very cheap , 100 , 000 addresses for around $ 35 . 00 . important : you won't get a good response if you use an old list , so always request a fresh , new list . you will find out where to purchase these lists when you order the four 4 reports . always provide same-day service on all orders ! ! ! required reports * * * order each report by number and name * * * always send a self-addressed , stamped envelope and $ 5 usd cash for each order requesting the specific report by name and number ( international orders should also include $ 2 usd extra for postage ) = 20 add you e amil address when sending in for your report this is for = updated information and continueing support ( optional ) that will be = handed down by you sponcers . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """""""" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """""""" order report # 1 from : a . siegmund # 57 trakehnenstr . 13 53332 bornheim , germany _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """""""" major corporations and multi-level sales """""""" j . maz 15774 s . lagrange rd suite # 312 orland pk , il 60462 usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """""""" sources for the best mailing lists """""""" order report # 3 from : b . thompson 13504 greencaslte ridge tr . 404 burtonsville md . 20866 usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """""""" evaluating multi-level sales plans """""""" order report # 4 from : muw # 2 po box 71442 salt lake city , ut 84171-0442 usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conclusion . i am enjoying my fortune that i made by sending out this program . you too , will be making money in 20 to 90 days , if you follow the simple steps outlined in this mailing . to be financially independent is to be free . free to make financial decisions as never before . go into business , get into investments , retire or take a vacation . = 20 = = = = = = 20 c = dd
  """",1
  313,""""Subject: free software ! ! !
   
   hello - = 20 everything you need to send bulk e-mail includes registered e-mail platinum all you need for sending bulk e-mail & promoting : i have been searching for promotional tips for all my downline members . mostly , this centered around ways to promote using bulk e-mail = responsibly . i have finally come upon a site and service that provides all we need : http : / / www . ezine-info . com use id # 1363 check it out for yourself : bulk e-mail software : e-mail platinum free e - mail addresses to download-lots of ' em - fresh 100 ' 000 ' s all sorts of other tips and free software learn how to bulk e-mail if you sign-up , please use my id # 1363 it is the best i have found . if you wish to be removed from * this * mailing list , please hit reply and = type """""""" remove """""""" in = 20 the subject field ( not the body ) . our servers will automatically = remove you from our list within 24hrs ! thankyou
  """",1
  314,""""Subject: princess diana news flash princess diana princess diana princess diana princess
   
   diana princess diana princess diana * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dear princess diana fan , please forgive this intrusion into your """""""" privacy """""""" we think you """""""" might be """""""" interested in this """""""" limited offer """""""" diana , princess of wales """""""" commemorative stamps """""""" limited edition if interested , visit our web site at http : / / www . omantours . com / diana / you can have your own piece of princess diana by visiting our web site http : / / www . omantours . com / diana / or click here thank you very much for your attention and please forgive us for intruding into your privacy . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * in respect to your privacy , if you would like your address removed from our mailing list , please send a message to dianastamps @ hotmail . com and you will be removed within 48 hours . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",1
  315,""""Subject: how you can investigate anyone on the internet !
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * """""""" net-detective """""""" easy way to find out anything about anyone on the internet ( special 1998 business owner 's edition } dear web user : did you know that : with the internet you can uncover everything you ever wanted to know about your employees , friends , relatives , spouse , neighbors , even your own boss ! you can check out anyone , anytime , anywhere , right on the internet . . . it 's no secret that the internet is a gigantic and powerful source of information , if you only know where to look . but one of the best kept secrets in the world right now is probably the amount of personal information other people can find out about you and others - - right on the internet . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * example ! information available about you right now , with just your name and address , i can almost instantly find out what you do for a living , name and age of your spouse and children , the make and color of your car , the value of your home , ( and probably how much you paid for it ) , credit information , your employment records , family tree , military records , which web sites you visit , etc . , etc . , etc . i can even find that long forgotten drug bust you had in college . and that ' s just the beginning , but you get the idea . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * good news the good news is that now you can find the same information , and more , about almost anyone . we have compiled a massive collection of internet investigative tools that will provide you with . . . over 350 immediately accessible internet sites and urls to locate people , credit records , social security , current or past employment , mail order purchases , addresses and phone numbers . it 's mind boggling , the type and quantity of information at hand . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * your copy now , you can have your own copy of this massive source of infor - mation . here are just a few of the things you can do with it : * you can locate e-mail , telephone or address information on friends and business associates . look up unlisted phone numbers ! * check out business associates and employees . * someone owe you money ? now you can track down debtors and locate hidden assets . * you can locate old classmates , missing family members , friends , or perhaps some long lost love . * investigate your family history ! locate birth , death , and social security records . * discover how to locate military records for all branches of the service , from the civil war to the persian gulf . * verify your own credit reports so you can correct wrong infor - mation that may be used to deny you credit . * check adoption records . * use the internet to locate missing children or relatives . * have doubts about your new boyfriend ? check him ( or her ) out . put your mind at ease ! * locate legal transcripts and court orders ! check the laws in any area . * find out how much alimony your neighbor is paying . * discover employment opportunities from countries around the world ! * great for checking out prospective and existing employees . allows you to check for driving and criminal records before you hire . * discover if the fbi has a file on you ! learn how you can even acquire copies of those files . and * you ' ll even find tips to help you """""""" discover """""""" the amount of someone else 's income . just imagine being able to have all of this information at your fingertips almost instantly ! think of the many uses . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * wait , there ' s more ! you will also discover : * how you can anonymously surf the net without your boss , friends , or anyone , ever knowing . * how you can cloak your email so your personal email address can't be discovered . * how you can access nearly 800 different searh engines ; some very specialized . * how you can make phone calls through a third party so the number called does n't show on your phone bill . * where you can find a list of speed traps throughout the usa . * how you can check out the reputations of businesses world - wide , including those on the internet . * how to """""""" launder money """""""" through a foreign bank account . information on untraceable asset protection ( anonymous banking ) , and more . * where you can get security products such as recording and tracking equipment , bomb detectors and much more . * find wanted criminals - - possibly someone you know ! you can even check your own personal records ! ! you may be astounded at the information available on the internet about you , your family , and your business . there are thousands of business and personal uses for these tools . now , more than ever , every business should have a copy ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * """""""" net-detective """""""" now , you can have your own copy of net-detective ! and , you can verify your own records , or find out the information you want and need to know about others for personal and business reasons . while not all the sites are free , many are free . and , at many , you ' ll find even more links to even more site and information ! it is really amazing what you can find on the internet . it is literally a goldmine of information . * with this research kit you ' ll discover everything available and how to locate it . great for the beginner and the experienced net surfer , alike . * straightforward ! fast and easily accessible ! everything you need to maximize the resources is included . amazingly simple ! * best of all , it is there , at your finger tips when you need it . you can immediately have the peace of mind of knowing who you can trust . with """""""" net detective """""""" you can explore the hidden past of anyone ; and discover those little secrets everyone has hidden . in today 's uncertain world such information can be invaluable ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * what does it cost ? order within 48 hours and you get the entire kit of investigative tools ( approximately 35 printed pages ) at a special reduced price of just $ 25 ! ( regular price for the kit is $ 37 ) . and we will include one full year of updates , as published , at no additional charge . the material is unconditionally guaranteed to work for you . our experts spent over 1 , 000 hours researching and testing this material . and now it can be yours . just follow the instructions below , and your copy will be delivered to you by email right away . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * special free bonus order within 48 hours and we will also include , as a special free bonus , a copy of our investigative sources program . this program contains the tools and resources used by private investigators across the country and comes with its own windows / win95 interface making it quick and easy to use . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * unconditional guarantee remember , as with all of our publications , we unconditionally guarantee it works and that you will be delighted with it . you can ' t lose ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * how to order ordering is safe and easy ! you can order by fax or regular mail . ( the unconditional guarantee still applies ! ) just fill in the order form at the bottom of this page . then fax it to us at : 1-305 - 289-1884 if you order by fax , your copy of net-detective will be sent to you by email within 24 hrs . or , if you prefer , you can send your order by snail mail to the address below . ( important : be sure to include your email address for delivery . ) we will send your copy by email the same day the order is received . thank you , jean rousseau rousseau publishing group p . s . wait , there is more ! order net detective now , get your free bonus of investigative sources program , and as a second free bonus we will include a copy of crypto-vault , the latest and toughest industrial strength security encryption software available anywhere . with crypto-vault you can hide anything on your computer . easy to use . push a button and protect your files from prying eyes , so only you can see them . keeps children , spouses , friends , roommates , even bosses out of your private files . perfect for home and business . order now ! you ' ll be glad you did ! rousseau publishing group 5800 overseas hwy . , st . 35-154 marathon , fl . 33050 fax 305-289 - 1884 internet publishers since 1995 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ jb 3-21 # 5 nd fax or mail order form ( please print clearly ) fax to : rousseau publishing group 1-305 - 289-1884 or mail to : rousseau publishing group 5800 overseas hwy . , st . 35-154 marathon , fl . 33050 hi : here is my order for """""""" net-detective """""""" at $ 25 total . i under - stand it is unconditionally guaranteed and will be deliver by email . include my free double bonus copy of investigative sources - - windows / win95 and my free copy of crypto-vault encryption software ( allow seven days for delivery of crypto - vault ) . important : check one ( ) send by email asap . ( ) make me a disk and send it to me . add $ 10 to my charge for the cost . name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( very important : please double check your address and print clearly . one small error and we won't be able to deliver your order . ) mail address ( for disk ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state & zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ payment method ( check one ) _ _ _ credit card , _ _ _ check or money order enclosed . card type : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your copy of net-detective and both bonus materials will be sent to you asap . thanks again for ordering ! jean jean rousseau rousseau publishing group _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ copyright 1996-98 rousseau publishing group . """""""" net - detective """""""" is a registered trademark of rousseau publishing group . all rights reserved . form 3-21 jb - # 5 - mail - - nd * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to be removed from our list , type : zebracharlie9 @ hotmail . com in the ( to : ) area and ( remove-2m ) in the subject area of a new e - mail and send . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",1
  316,""""Subject: if wealthy , please ignore
   
   if you are reading this letter because of the subject , you ' ve already = 20 learned a useful and effective network marketing technique . what if i = 20 offered you hundreds of pages of in depth explanation regarding numerous = aspects of business ? what if i not only sent you the information , but = 20 the rights to resell it and keep % 100 of the profits . you are not part = 20 of a downline , and will never send me money after the initial $ 20 cost . = 20 have difficulty or simply a question and you contact me personally . to = 20 be removed from this list , please email kwilliams8 @ hotmail . com with your = email address in the subject field . = 95how to send bulk email legally and with no expense . plus free access = to = 20 a website containing 52 million email addresses , sorted and organized . = 95free internet advertising - hundreds of websites and the best = newsgroups = 20 to advertise in = 95program includes netcontact bulk email and address harvesting = software - = 20 registered . new version . = 20 = 95how to harvest email addresses of people interested in your product . = 20 target people by name , region or interests ( not just people on aol ) = 95companies who hire home based workers and pay by the hour ( no = envelope = 20 stuffing scams or payment based on sales commission ) opportunities range = from assembling models , typing , and internet surveillance to name a few . = 95colors and color combinations people find most appealing . will prove = a = 20 great help in ads . ( also explains how to send color ads ) = 95specific phrases and communication techniques that make you more = 20 effective - whether it be selling a product online , or speaking with your = boss offline the program features the above as well as dozens of other subjects . you = 20 may not be interested in all of them , just as you are may not be = 20 interested in all of the above . many internet sites charge $ 99 just for = 20 the bulk mail information of this program . with the resell rights = 20 included in the $ 20 fee you can sell any part of this program for any = 20 amount of money you like . post ads touting one part of the program to = 20 specific newsgroups who will be interested . with valuable information = 20 that applies to all aspects of business , as well as resell rights , this = 20 program is a true opportunity . currently my orders for this product = 20 hover around $ 260 a day , with only a couple hours work and minimal bulk = 20 mailings . the application of information in this program to all my other = business dealings is far more profitable . the resell rights are simply = 20 frosting on the cake . if i were a large company , i would market this = 20 through an infomercial and charge """""""" 3 easy payments of $ 49 . 95 . """""""" but as i = 20 am not , i charge only $ 20 . i hope this letter makes it through all of = 20 the 's pam ' in your box , and is taken seriously , and i hope to hear from = 20 you soon . make checks and money orders out to hyperreal hyperreal box 136 2051 richmond rd . , suite 125 lexington , ky 40502 please send me the complete information package , including resell rights = via first class mail . enclosed is the $ 20 cost . name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",1
  317,""""Subject: overworked and underpaid ?
   
   are you over worked and under paid ? well now you can relax . . . . . . . and let your computer go to work for you ! it can make you $ everal thou $ and dollar $ a month ! what will you do 2 years 5 years or 10 years down the road and find yourself in the same dead end job . you can put a work force to work for you 24 hours a day 7 days a week . here is a quote that really inspired me . i ' m sure you will recognize the author . """""""" optimism is the faith that leads to achievement . nothing can be done without hope and confidence . """""""" by helen keller . these are essential elements for success . there is another element that you need to succeed . that is """""""" knowledge """""""" or """""""" information """""""" . . . . . . . . . and that is what i have for you . . . . . . . . you get over 90 step by step reports on how to start your own business and how to market it . in these reports you have several businesses to choose from . you will also get 47 reports titled businesses to success . you will find so many ways to make money here . i ' ll even give you another 74 reports titled success strategies . more step by step information on making a lot of money . such as """""""" sure - fire methods of raising instant cash """""""" if you order today i ' ll even give you another 28 reports titled computers and the internet . these are great because you will learn step by step instructions on how to make money with your computer . all of these reports are royalty free . . . . . . . you can copy all of them and re-sell every one of them . each of these 240 reports can be sold for between $ 5 and $ 10 apiece . . . . . that 's $ 1200 to $ 2400 for all of them . or you can sell them in a bundle like this . i normally sell all of these reports together for $ 99 . 00 but you can purchase them today for only $ 19 . 50 thats not all . . . . . . . . i ' m also going to show you how to get a free web site . . . . . . . . that 's right free ! ! ! that ' s still not all . . . . . . . if you order today i will also send you one million e-mail addresses to get started with . . . . . . to do your own advertising . i wish you the best that life has to offer . a secure financial future is within your grasp ! so please do n't put this off . . . . . . order today ! ! ! it 's easy just click on this link to view all 240 reports and to place your order . order here as soon as your credit card clears i will process your order by sending all 240 reports , the information on how to get a free web site and one million e-mail addresses to you by e-mail . . . . . so do n't forget to type in your e-mail address in the order form . i look forward to your response . if you do not wish to recieve additional information on this outstanding business opportunity or any other information in the future , please accept my apologies , disregard this message and please click on remove by submitting your e-mail address here you will be taken off of my mailing list . thank you for your understanding and cooperation .
  """",1
  318,""""Subject: become an a + certified pc technicia
   
   the bureau of labor and statistics estimates that from 1994 to 2005 , = computer related employment will jump by 60 % nationally . that increase = will mean a shortage of skilled personnel for the fast - growing , high - = tech industries . recent reports on the news confirms this shortage . so , = whether you ' re a seasoned information specialist or considering a new = career , """""""" a plus """""""" certification is the benchmark and your ticket into the = information age . becoming a + certified brings you to the threshold of an = industry that is poised to skyrocket over the next 3 - 11 years . """""""" a plus certification """""""" is a non - vendor ( i . e . novell , microsoft ) = specific certification that verifies the competency of a computer repair = professional there are two exams to take : first , hardware ( motherboards , ram , chips , = etc . ) then , the os specialty . ( mac or dos / win ) upon completion you will be able to earn far higher wage $ than those who = are not a + certified . = 20 our goal , at mountain micro , is to help you step through the door of the = information age as a confident , qualified and certified i . t . = professional with greater leverage in your career . the a + certification course comes with a 300 page text , two ( 2 ) cbt = cd-rom 's , and the checkit diagnostic software . the regular price is = $ 399 . 95 . mention this ad and get $ 100 . 00 off ! ! ! ! ! ! so order now . . . we will accept your order in three different ways : phone , email or snail mail 1 - phone : call our order line now ! ! ! 888 . 448 . 6273 - toll free 2-email : send the following order form to : sales @ mountainmicro . com be sure to put """""""" order """""""" in the subject . or 3 - snail mail : print out the following form and mail to : mountain micro p . o . box 1375 attn : education division coventry , ri 02816 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cut here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - [ [ [ do not remove this code - - > b . e . - 2112a + ) ] ] ] name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip \ country code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please circle metod of payment . check money order credit card if paying by credit card please circle type of card . visa m / c am ex discover credit card # : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp date : _ _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total amount included : us $ 299 . 95 ( add $ 10 . 00 for s , h , & insurance within the usa and $ 20 . 00 otherwise ) make checks payable to : mountain micro . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cut here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * our research indicates that this information may be of interest to you . if you have received this by mistake please send an email to the address listed below with """""""" remove """""""" in the subject . your = 20 name will be removed from our database . remove @ mountainmicro . com thank you . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * we also carry a complete line of mcse and novell certification = courseware . = 20 = 20
  """",1
  319,""""Subject: fancy a flutter ? here 's atip
   
   for thursday 26th march for the best racing tip of the day phone 0897-555293 after 1 . 30pm . do n't believe me , try it , all you will risk is a 50p phone call but you could gain a very entertaining additional source of income . fact ! the information recorded on this telephone number on most race days has consistently produced winning bets at a hit rate of 60 . 7 % . fact ! a # 500 betting bank in march 1997 would now be worth # 7 , 719 if you had followed my simple betting process involving just two telephone calls a day . if you would like free details of my plan , leave your name and address at the end of the call and i will be happy to send you full = 20 instructions . calls charged per second only at 42p for 25 seconds . note : please do n't phone me before 1 . 30pm as you will waste your call a = 02
  """",1
  320,""""Subject: ! find out anything about anyone on the internet !
   
   * * * * * * * """""""" net-detective """""""" = 20 easy way to find out anything = 20 about anyone on the internet ( special 1998 business owner 's edition } = 20 = 20 click here to go to = the net - detective web page ! dear web user : did you know that : with the internet you can uncover everything you ever wanted to know about your employees , friends , relatives , spouse , neighbors , even your own boss ! you can check out anyone , anytime , anywhere , right on the internet . . . it 's no secret that the internet is a gigantic and powerful source of information , if you only know where to look . = 20 but one of the best kept secrets in the world right now is probably the amount of personal information other people can find out about you and others - - right on the internet . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * example ! information available about you right now , with just your name and address , i can almost instantly find out what you do for a living , name and age of your spouse and children , = the make and color of your car , the value of your home , ( and probably how = much you paid for it ) , credit information , your employment records , family tree , military records , which web sites you visit , etc . , etc . , etc . i = can even find that long forgotten drug bust you had in college . and that ' s just the beginning , but you get the idea . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * good news the good news is that now you can find the same information , and more , about almost anyone . we have compiled a massive collection of internet investigative tools that will provide you with . . . over 300 immediately accessible internet sites and urls to locate people , credit records , social security , current or past employment , mail order purchases , addresses and phone numbers . = 20 it 's mind boggling , the type and quantity of information at hand . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = 20 = 20 your copy now , you can have your own copy of this massive source of information . here are just a few of the things you can do with it : = 20 * you can locate e-mail , telephone or address information on friends and business associates . look up unlisted phone numbers ! * check out business associates and employees . = 09 * someone owe you money ? now you can track down debtors and locate = hidden assets . * you can locate old classmates , missing family members , friends , or perhaps some long lost love . = 20 = 20 * investigate your family history ! locate birth , death , and social security records . = 20 * discover how to locate military records for all branches of the = service , from the civil war to the persian gulf . = 20 * verify your own credit reports so you can correct wrong information that may be used to deny you credit . = 20 * check adoption records . = 20 * use the internet to locate missing children or relatives . * have doubts about your new boyfriend ? check him ( or her ) out . = 20 put your mind at ease ! * locate legal transcripts and court orders ! check the laws in any area . * find out how much alimony your neighbor is paying . * discover employment opportunities from countries around the world ! * great for checking out prospective and existing employees . allows you = to check for driving and criminal records before you hire . * discover if the fbi has a file on you ! learn how you can even acquire copies of those files . = 20 and * you ' ll even find tips to help you """""""" discover """""""" the amount of someone else 's income . just imagine being able to have all of this information at your = fingertips almost instantly ! think of the many uses . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * wait , there ' s more ! you will also discover : * how you can anonymously surf the net without your boss , friends , = or = 20 anyone , ever knowing . * how you can cloak your email so your personal email address can't = be discovered . * how you can access nearly 800 different search engines ; some very = specialized . * how you can make phone calls through a third party so the number = called does n't show on your phone bill . * where you can find a list of speed traps throughout the usa . * how you can check out the reputations of businesses worldwide , including = 20 those on the internet . = 20 * how you can set up a foreign bank account . information on untraceable asset protection ( anonymous banking ) , and = more . = 20 * where you can get security products such as recording and = 20 tracking equipment , bomb detectors and much more . * find wanted criminals - - possibly someone you know ! = 20 you can even check your own personal records ! ! you may be astounded at = the information available on the internet about you , your family , and your business . there are thousands of business and personal uses for these tools . now , more than ever , every business should have a copy ! = 20 = 20 = 20 = 20 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * """""""" net-detective """""""" = 20 now , you can have your own copy of net-detective ! and , you can verify your own records , or find out the information you = want and need to know about others for personal and business reasons . while not all the sites are free , many are free . and , at many , you ' ll = find even more links to even more site and information ! it is really amazing what you can find on the internet . it is literally = a goldmine of information . = 20 * with this research kit you ' ll discover everything available and how to locate it . great for the beginner and the experienced net surfer , alike . * straightforward ! fast and easily accessible ! everything you need to maximize the resources is included . amazingly simple ! * best of all , it is there , at your finger tips when you need it . you = can = 20 immediately have the peace of mind of knowing who you can trust . = with """""""" net detective """""""" you can explore the hidden past of anyone ; and = discover those = 20 little secrets everyone has hidden . in today 's uncertain world such information can be invaluable ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * what does it cost ? order within 48 hours and you get the entire kit of investigative = 20 tools ( approximately 35 printed pages ) at a special reduced price of just $ 25 ! ( regular price for the kit is $ 37 ) . and we will include one full year of updates , as published , at no additional charge . = 20 the material is unconditionally guaranteed to work for you . our experts spent over 1 , 000 hours researching and testing this material . and now = it can be yours . just follow the instructions below , and your copy will be delivered to you by email right away . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * special free bonus order within 48 hours and we will also include , as a special free = bonus , a copy of our investigative sources program . = 20 this program contains the tools and resources used by private = investigators across the country and comes with its own windows / win95 interface making = it quick and easy to use . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * unconditional guarantee remember , as with all of our publications , we unconditionally guarantee it works and that you will be delighted with it . you can ' t lose ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * how to order = 20 ordering is safe and easy ! for more information , or to receive this = 20 35 page report and your bonus materials by email just go to our instant-delivery secure order form at : = 20 = 20 click here to go to = the net - detective web page ! = 20 special note : if you are busy and do n't have time to go to our web = 20 site instant-delivery order form , you can order by fax . ( the = unconditional guarantee still applies ! ) = 20 just fill in the fax form at the bottom of this page . then fax it to = 20 us at : 1-305 - 289-1884 if you order by fax , your copy of net detective will be sent to you by email within 24 hrs . or , if you prefer , you can send your order by snail mail to the address below . ( be sure to include your email address for delivery . ) we will = send your copy by email the same day the order is received . thank you , brian leeds , = 20 leeds publishing = 20 p . s . wait , there is more ! order net detective now , get your free copy of investigative sources program , and as a second free bonus we will include a copy of crypto-vault , the latest and toughest industrial strength security encryption software available anywhere . = 20 with crypto-vault you can hide anything on your computer . easy to use . = push a = 20 button and protect your files from prying eyes , so only you can see = 20 them . keeps children , spouses , friends , roommates , even bosses out of your private files . perfect for home and business . = 20 order now ! you ' ll be glad you did ! click here to go to = the net - detective web page ! = 20 leeds publishing = 20 5800 overseas hwy . , st . 35-154 marathon , fl . 33050 fax 305-289 - 1884 internet publishers since 1995 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ eol 2 - 2 nd fax or mail = 20 order form ( please print clearly ) important ( material is sent by email ) fax to : leeds publishing = 20 1-305 - 289-1884 or mail to : leeds publishing = 20 5800 overseas hwy . , st . 35-154 marathon , fl . 33050 hi : here is my order for """""""" net-detective 1998 edition """""""" at $ 25 total . i understand it is unconditionally guaranteed and will be deliver by email . include = my free = 20 double bonus copy of investigative sources - - windows / win95 and my free = copy of = 20 crypto-vault encryption software ( allow seven days for delivery of crypto - vault ) . = 20 = 20 send by email asap . date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( very important : please double check your address and print clearly in block letters . one small error and we won't be able to deliver your = order . ) = 20 payment method ( check one ) _ _ _ credit card , _ _ _ check or money order enclosed . = 20 card type : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your copy of net-detective and both bonus materials will be sent to you by email asap . thanks again for ordering ! brian leeds leeds publishing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ copyright 1996 , 1997 , 1998 leeds publishing . """""""" net - detective """""""" is a registered trademark of leeds publishing . all rights reserved . form 2 - 2 eol - - nd
  """",1
  321,""""Subject: $ 55 , 550 - - no hard work - - do n't pass it by this time !
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * you were selected to receive this email because of inquires and postings that show you may have an interest in this subject content . it is not = our intention to incovenience anyone . if this opportunity has reached you = in error , please forgive us and send a reply with """""""" remove """""""" in the subject = area . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * dear fellow entrepreneur , i never thought i 'd be the one telling you this . . . i actually read a piece of e - mail & i ' m going to europe on the proceeds ! hello ! my name is vic liddell ; i ' m a 35 - year-old father , husband , former = appliance repairman , and now , a successful full-time entrepreneur . as a rule , i delete all unsolicited """""""" junk """""""" e-mail and use my account primarily for business . i received what i assumed was this same e-mail countless = times and deleted it each time . about two months ago i received it again and , because of the catchy subject line , i finally read it . afterwards , i thought , """""""" ok , i give = in , i ' m going to try this . i can certainly afford to invest $ 20 and , on the = other hand , there 's nothing wrong with creating a little excess cash . """""""" i = promptly mailed four $ 5 bills and , after receiving the reports , sent out some = e-mail advertisements . after reading the reports , i also learned how easy it = is to bulk e-mail for free ! i was not prepared for the results . everyday for the last six weeks , my mailbox has been overflowing with $ 5 bills ; many days the excess fills = up an extra mail bin and i ' ve had to upgrade to a corporate-size mailbox ! i = am stunned by all the cash that keeps rolling in ! my wife and i have been saving for several years to make a substantial downpayment on a house . now , not only are we purchasing a house on the beach in malibu , california , with 50 % down , but we ' re going to venice , = italy to celebrate ! i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be = prepared to eventually set aside about an hour each day to follow up ( and count = your money ! ) , you will make at least as much money as we did . you do n't need to be a wiz at the computer , but i ' ll bet you already are . if you can = open an envelope , remove the money , and send an e-mail message , then you ' re = on your way to the bank . take the time to read this so you ' ll understand = how easy it is . if i can do this , so can you ! go for it now ! vic liddell the following is a copy of the e-mail i read : $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , low-cost , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then get started today ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its = ability to generate large amounts of cash . this program is showing fantastic = appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not require you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best = of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go to = the bank ! this truly is that lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow = the easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams will come = true ! when followed correctly , this electronic , multi-level marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % of the time ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , cars , etc . , - even retire ! this is your chance , so read on and get started today ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - overview of this extraordinary electronic multi-level marketing program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - basically , this is what we do : we send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to nothing to produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level businesses , we = build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new multi - level business online ( via = your computer ) . the products in this program are a series of four business and financial reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive via """""""" snail mail """""""" = will include : * $ 5 . 00 cash * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they ordered . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s = it ! the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest electronic multi-level = marketing business anywhere ! follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to reap the = staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if = you do n't order them ) . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your name & return address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose name appears on the list next to the report . make sure your return address is on your envelope in case of any mail problems ! * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can = save them on your computer and resell them . * within a few days you will receive , via e-mail , each of the four reports . save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in steps """""""" a """""""" through """""""" f """""""" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will = not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , take this advertisement and remove the name and address under report # 4 . this person = has made it through the cycle and is no doubt counting their 50 = grand ! c . move the name and address under report # 3 down to report # 4 . d . move the name and address under report # 2 down to report # 3 . e . move the name and address under report # 1 down to report # 2 . f . insert your name / address in the report # 1 position . please make sure you copy every name and address accurately ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this letter . 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the internet ! advertising on the ' net is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . another avenue which you could use for advertising is e-mail lists . you can buy these lists for under $ 20 / 2 , 000 addresses or you can pay someone a minimal charge to take care of it for you . be sure to start your ad campaign immediately ! 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash ( u . s . currency ) for each report checks not accepted - always send your order via first class mail - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets of paper - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and ( c ) your name & postal address . place your order for these reports now : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """""""" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """""""" order report # 1 from : l . v . e - service p . o . box 9636 canoga park , ca 91309 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """""""" major corporations and multi-level sales """""""" order report # 2 from : e . h . enterprises 3280 sw 170th ave ste # 1913 beaverton , or . , 97006 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """""""" sources for the best mailing lists """""""" order report # 3 from : a . s . & associates 94-1050 kahimoe pl . # 103 waipahu , hi . , 96797 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """""""" evaluating multi-level sales plans """""""" order report # 4 from : j . s . inc pob 3353 austin , tx 78764 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only = 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they = got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think = about it ! your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and = e-mail is free ! report # 3 shows you the most productive methods for bulk e-mailing and purchasing e-mail lists . some list & bulk e-mail vendors even work on trade ! about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which state that """""""" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . """""""" * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , your results will be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guidelines * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you = should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it = won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that = it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , = with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good = money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving """""""" junk = mail . """""""" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population = and percentages involved . i """""""" knew """""""" it would n't work . doris totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless = fun of her , and was ready to lay the old """""""" i told you so """""""" on her when the = thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had = received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i have joined doris in her """""""" hobby . """""""" i did = have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the """""""" rat race """""""" and = it 's not for me . we owe it all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md i just want to pass along my best wishes and encouragement to you . any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . i even checked with the u . s . post office to verify that the plan was legal . it definitely is ! it works ! ! ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large = amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i = checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided = that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i surprised when i found my medium-size post office box crammed with = orders ! for awhile , it got so overloaded that i had to start picking up my mail = at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't matter where = in the u . s . the people live . there simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . mary rockland , lansing , mi i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea = who to contact to get another copy , so i had to wait until i was e-mailed = another program . . . 11 months passed then it came . . . i did n't delete this one ! . . . i = made more than $ 41 , 000 on the first try ! ! d . wilburn , muncie , in this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on = our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you = do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! now is the time for your turn decisive action yields powerful results
  """",1
  322,""""Subject: free hot adult site password !
   
   you have been selected to receive a free password to the hottest and largest adult site on the internet for 1 week free access . get free full length pam anderson xxx honeymoon video . we feature a fully indexed thumbnail gallery , 1000 's of real time movies , monthly e - zine , and multi live hardcore sex shows . that ' s right . . . totally 100 percent free ! get your password by - clicking here
  """",1
  323,""""Subject: a personal message . . . . .
   
   we placed an ad in one small area of the internet . and when the dust started to settle we had over six thousand responses in ten days . ( success concepts ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - for immediate release : denver , december 2 , 1997 colorado marketing firm shares money generating trade secrets on the internet ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hello , my name is shannon johnson . i am ceo of success concepts in fort collins colorado . i have to tell you that i am really angry and = upset about what is going on here on the internet . we at success concepts are so angry , in fact , that we decided to do something about it . read = on and you ' ll see . for three years i have lead my marketing firm in sales campaigns on the internet and the other large online services which have yielded outstanding results ! we are now sharing the information we have gained over the last several years with other people who are desperately trying to figure out how to make a substantial income from their home computers . do you know what it 's like to turn your computer on in the morning to find an email box full of orders for your product . . . . . where it takes = over an hour to sift through just the credit card orders alone ? we do ! do you know what it 's like to have the postman bring you a bag full of orders for products you have marketed on the internet , and then hear him complain about all the mail you get ? we do ! do you know what it 's like to place a simple ad into a newsgoup or classified section on the internet and have your order department 's phone ring off the hook with people who want to buy your product . we do ! have you ever placed just one advertisement on the ineternet and when the dust settled ten days later had over 6 , 000 responses by phone , fax , mail , and email ? well . . . . we did in january of this year ! have you ever tried to market something simple on the internet , only to have weeks or months of toil and effort result in only a few sales , if any ? well . . . . that 's happened to us too . but not since we learned the = secrets ! ! ! you see , we found the """""""" secrets """""""" to marketing just about anything on the internet . and it is really quite simple , once you know them . imagine this . you decide to make a second , or even a primary income from the internet . so , you put up a web site , get a mess of email follow-up letters ready , put your web site in several hundred search engines ( people gotta find your page . . . right ) , get in the news - groups and advertise your site , and drop hundreds of classified ads all over the net . there ya go . . . . . now you are going to rake in the = cash ! two weeks later you have one sale and you are telling your spouse and your friends that """""""" this will take time ! """""""" four months later you ' ve made just enough to pay for your web space and your friends do n't listen to you anymore . they consider you an """""""" internet marketer wanna be """""""" . sound familiar ! we are not trying to rub salt in your wounds . what we are trying to do is let you in on the truth about doing business from your home on the internet . let 's face it . the vast majority of people who are trying to earn a living on the internet are starving ! ! ! that 's right ! they do n't have a clue of what to do first , second , third or fourth ! = and even if they do have a clue they have been lead down the garden path with dreams and silly techniques which do n't work and are breaking the hearts of thousands of people who are just trying to make a living from their home computers . that is what we are so upset about at success concepts ! but , it does n't have to be that way ! people do n't have to really fail = at making a good income on the internet . and it really does n't have to take months or even years to learn how to do it . not if you have the right guide to show you what to do , and when to do it . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) is the name of our informative guide to generating orders , money , cash , on the net . it was written with the """""""" average """""""" netrepreneur in mind , in plain english , with straight to the point """""""" how to """""""" and """""""" why do you do """""""" phraseology . in . . . . . . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) we expose all the traps we fell into in our first year of internet = marketing , but stay away from now . we expose the lies and half truths which people have fallen for in the past . we expose the secrets which most of the successful internet marketers really don ' t want you to know ! because , when you know the secrets you will be off and running in . . . that 's right . . . . . . their backyard . . . . the cyberspace marketplace ! there is room for a lot more of us ! there are millions of people on the internet . and there are millions of more people on the way here . the pie which will be cut up is so huge that several hundred more people who know what they are doing will not even make a dent in our income level . it will just be a drop in the bucket so to speak . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) will expose the ineternet for what it really is , the marketplace which can provide you with a steady income . it will literally show you what to do first , second , third , fourth , and so on . you are about to discover exactly what makes the difference between the """""""" internet success stories , """""""" and the obscure """""""" web marketing = failures . """""""" this guide will give you all the details , the tools , the ideas , and the resources to help you make all of your internet dreams come true . . . finally , the truth is revealed ! find out the secrets that some of the wealthiest internet marketers are using to propel their sales through = the cyberspace roof . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) will show you : * * how to use newsgroups to your advantage . the tricks ! just placing a few ads just won't do it for you ! * * how to use a sig file to get more orders . they look simple , but if you write your sig correctly it can be a gold mine to you . we generate thousands just from our sigs ! * * how to place your web page at the top of the search engines . if you do n't get close to the top you can forget many hits ! * * how to maximize your web sales using a professional looking web page ( that you can build all by yourself ) . * * all about follow-ups and how to do them using email . a very simple technique which can mean rapidly increasing volume to you . this technique is used by some of the top internet marketers . * * how to effectively build mailing lists on the internet . without lists your business will probably perish ! * * special coding techniques which can make your marketing efforts amaze even the most die hard skeptics * * where and how to place thousands of free classified ads . what to say in them , and what to expect when you place them . * * what products you should or should n't market for quick results * * how to use testimonials . . . * * the importance of tracking your marketing results . * * the importance of a """""""" back-end """""""" . * * a step by step guide to get you started immediately ! * * and much , much more . . . here is what some people who turned their internet marketing results from failure to success have to say about """""""" the guide """""""" : i thought all i had to do was place some classified ads on the net for my flame retarding spray . every night after work i would place a few ads and answer some questions in email . i never made much money at all . then i read the guide and everything turned around ! i ' m looking at leaving my job now . and their newsletter keeps me up to date with all the new things i need to know to keep on track with my business . bill j . st . louis , mo i started internet marketing in the chat rooms on aol . what a joke that was ! nobody ever told me it would take so long to make any money that way . then i read the ' the guide . """""""" the chat rooms , internet newsgroups , web sites , and email all make me money now . and it was n't all that hard either . i just did n't know the secrets before . but i do now ! ! ! the internet is huge , and i ' ve just started getting my share ! ann w . houston , tx the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) is usually only offered to our marketing clients . with all the garbage we have seen on the internet in the past few months we have decided to offer """""""" the guide """""""" to everyone reading this advertisement . our = clients have paid $ 99 . 95 for """""""" the guide """""""" and have felt that it was a real = bargain for that price . """""""" the guide """""""" has now gone into it second edition and we feel that we should open it up to just about anyone 's financial = budget . at least for a limited time . the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) is being offered to you , for a limited time , for only $ 24 . 95 ! ! ! that 's correct ! that 's a full $ 75 off the regular price . once 200 more or so orders have been placed at this price we will take """""""" the guide """""""" off of the sale counter and move the price back to $ 99 . 95 . but , why offer this for such a deep discount ? it 's simple . success concepts feels that the time is right for this information to become more = available on the net . but we are n't marketing fools either . the guide holds a copyright , and will only be offered at this very deeply discounted price for a very limited time . ( there is some joker on the net who is trying to sell less information without our two bonus offers to follow for $ 395 . 00 . that is = ridiculous ! ! ! ) first bonus offer : if you order within the next 3 days we will include : * * bulk email secrets . . . this information could save you = 20 hundreds of dollars in mailing costs , and more importantly it could keep you from losing your isp . you ' ll get the details on how to : - - use bulk email to explode your profits - - prevent losing your dialup account - - find the right product ( s ) to market by bulk email . - - find the correct software to use . you will also learn : - - where to find reliable bulk email servers . - - where to purchase the very best email software on the market today . - - and much , much more . plus ! ! ! * * free access to our private download site . here you will find hundreds of free informative reports to use or sell on the internet . you will find helpful programs that we use to make our marketing efforts more effective . you will also find 25 , 000 email names , free for you to download to help you get started . these are fresh names that you can use to market your business . these names are changed weekly and you can download as often as you like . once again all of this is yours for only $ 24 . 95 , plus $ 5 . 00 s&h . . . . so order now ! second bonus offer : not many people want to do this internet marketing thing alone . now you won't have to . those who order """""""" the guide """""""" by december 5 will be placed on our very select """""""" the guide electronic newsletter """""""" where you will receive the latest tricks and """""""" how tos """""""" in internet marketing . tricks which the big boys find out about first . now you = will be right in line to find them out quickly , so you can capture the = market . * * * our better than risk-free guarantee ! ! ! * * * order the book today and receive the two bonuses absolutely free . . . read over the book , follow the step by step guide , = 20 contact the resources listed , and if for any reason you are = 20 not fully satisfied with the book you can return it within 30 days for a full refund , and you get to keep the bulk email report , and email names from the free download site . = 20 it 's easy to do , so order today and take advantage of this better than risk-free offer before """""""" the guide """""""" is moved back to the regular price . for a 3 minute recorded audio presentation call : 1-800 - 942-9304 ext . 20340 so order now . . . we will accept your order in three different ways : phone , email , or postal mail phone : call our order line toll free : 1-619 - 561-2731 ext . 1204 9 : 00am to 9 : 00pm pacific time ( this is an order line only . they will take credit cards and checks on this line . ) or email : complete the following form ( credit card orders ) and email to : success @ sparrow . spearhead . net make sure that your subject heading is """""""" dreams order """""""" or postal mail : print out the following form and mail to : success concepts dept . 1010 - c po box 272476 ft . collins , co 80527 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cut here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ yes , i am tired of broken dreams . . . i am ordering """""""" the guide """""""" well within the allotted time period and would like both the bulk email = report and the private download site bonuses . plus i want to be placed on your very select mailing list for """""""" the guide electronic = newsletter """""""" . . . . . all for only $ 24 . 95 + $ 5 s&h . _ _ i did not order within 3 days but would still like to take advantage = of your the guide ( no more broken dreams on the internet ) for only $ 24 . 95 + $ 5 s&h and be placed on your very select mailing list for """""""" the guide electronic newsletter """""""" - - - - [ [ [ do not remove this code - - > ( ep - 4 ) ] ] ] name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip \ country code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please circle mode of payment . check money order credit card if paying by credit card please circle type of card . visa m / c am ex discover credit card # : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp date : _ _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total amount included : $ 29 . 95 add $ 15 for overnight delivery . add $ 5 for canadian orders . add $ 10 for internation orders . make checks payable to : success concepts . send to : success concepts dept . 1010 - c po box 272476 ft . collins , co 80527 code : ep - 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cut here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - success concepts trying does n't always work on the net . find out why """""""" the guide """""""" works . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / our research indicates this information may be of interest to you , if = you have been sent this message in error or you wish to be removed from = this advertiser 's future mailings , please reply with the subject = """""""" remove """""""" and this software will automatically block you from their = future mailings . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / /
  """",1
  324,""""Subject: sci - fi convention
   
   hi , i was asked to pass this on as you might be interested . the large infinity convention in cardiff in july has now confirmed their star wars , dr . who and star trek guests - it looks to be one of the largest events that part of the uk has seen for some time , and great fun . their site is at http : / / www . cf . ac . uk / ccin / main / ents / sffc / infinity . html and is in aid of children 's cancer . the guests include dave prowse ( darth vader ) , colin baker ( 6th dr . who ) , ed bishop ( cmdr . straker ufo ) , authors diane duane and peter morewood and many more . ideal for the family or with friends . regards , mike
  """",1
  325,""""Subject: bulletproof web hosting . . . only $ 50 per month .
   
   fresh aol addresses just extracted last week ! 1 , 000 , 000 . . . . . . $ 20 2 , 000 , 000 . . . . . . $ 35 3 , 000 , 000 . . . . . . $ 50 10 , 000 , 000 . . . . . $ 100 all addresses have been filtered through a 50 + million global remove = list . also available . . . bulletproof web hosting . . . only $ 50 per month . bulk email service . . . we ' ll send your ad to 20 , 000 for only $ 10 just click here ! please note , the lists available are aprox . 70 % aol . other domains are = also in the lists .
  """",1
  326,""""Subject: hello there . .
   
   this really is a blast . with all these movies coming out about = virtual reality , it 's amazing to actually have an * adult * virtual reality = program like this for your own computer . the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial = intelligence programs for your ibm pc or compatible and also for macintosh . you = 20 can watch them , talk to them , ask them questions , tell them secrets , and = relate with them . watch them as you ask them to take off different = clothes and guide them through many different activities . watch and participate = in the hottest sexual activities available on computer , including : = several sexual positions , using many unique toys , even bringing in multiple = partners . this is no doubt one of the most realistic , sexually stimulating = computer games available . they will remember your name , birthday , your likes and = your dislikes . every time you start the program , they say different = things , = 20 and act differently . each time , they have a different personality . with = the = 20 vga digital graphics , the virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend = software = 20 have some of the hottest , sexiest graphics out there . you can actually = 20 hear their voice as they talk to you . this is the first adult software = title that was designed for both heterosexual and homosexual people . we would like you to try the actual full copy out before it is put on the = market this spring . it will be sold for 1 / 7 of the actual price ( only $ 9 . 99 ) = until we can get back some information on what people think of the program before it hits the stores . please give it a try and write back any comments . thank you . virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend are artificial = intelligence = 20 programs , meaning they are completely interactive . it would be just = like = 20 if you were talking to someone . you can actually have simple = 20 conversations . their attitudes change with the different things you = say , = 20 so you can say things that will upset them , and then say things that = will = 20 please them . the more you play / talk with them , the more you learn what = 20 they can do , and what they like to do . it 's easy to install and = instructions are easy to follow . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ special offer ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * get two more new and exciting adult games for an additional = $ 16 . 99 * ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ here are two of the best adult games ever ! ! this is to inform you about the new adult game that vcs magazine rated """""""" the best game of """""""" 97 """""""" and gave an """""""" outstanding * * * * """""""" ( 4 stars ) . """""""" the search for paradise is no doubt one of the greatest xxx adult games = available """""""" . the first game where it is as much fun as it is a turn on ! travel the world to every continent , every country you can think of , and = meet some of the most beautiful women in existence . these women will treat = 20 you like a king and obey your every command . any sexual wish you can = 20 think of , these women know it all . there is a certain paradise for = every guy out there , and this game will have them all . this game uses real = 20 models , digital video , and digital sound to make it as realistic as = possible . you will feel like you ' re in the same room as the girl you ' re talking = to ! ! ! the last adult game we are going to inform you about is the newly released """""""" club celebrity x """""""" . imagine being in a club with some very = 20 beautiful , well known , actual celebrities that with skill , will be = making = 20 you breakfast in bed the next day . these girls you have seen on = television , magazines , and billboard ads , and now they are on your computer , begging for action . each girl you will recognize and you won't believe your = eyes = 20 when you got them in your own bedroom . this game is hot , and once you start playing , you won't be able to stop . = 20 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( limited time only ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) t00 h0t collection ! ! for virtual girlfriend . . . . these were too sexually graphic to include along with vg and vb . full of video clips and pictures that = will put you = 20 in control of some of the most attractive & sexually arousing models = ever put = 20 in one collection . you must be 18 or over to purchase . = 20 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = 20 * required : 386 or better , 4 meg ram or better , windows 3 . 1 or higher = 20 ( win95 is fine ) , sound card or cd - rom are optional . games are given = 20 either on cd - rom or compressed 3 . 5 """""""" diskettes . required is vga = graphics , = 20 and a hard drive . macintosh requires at least 4 meg of ram . they will = run = 20 on any ibm or macintosh compatible . if you are interested and would = 20 like to order a copy , then you can read the mailing instructions below . = games come in an unmarked package and are sent out at most 4 days = 20 after the order is received . you are not put on any mailing lists whatsoever , guaranteed . ~ at your request , the programs can come with a password protection utility that only allows the program to run when = the correct password is entered . ~ to order , please send to : = 20 c&m promotions 6185 magnolia ave . suite # 360 riverside ca , 92506 phone # 1-888 - 341-1643 = 20 = 20 please fill out the following form and mail it to the address = above . = 20 ( feel free to write out the order form by hand , if you = wish ) . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( cut here ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ send to : c&m promotions 6185 magnolia ave . # 360 riverside ca , 92506 your name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ zip code _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phones : home _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do you use a ? ibm _ _ macintosh _ _ would you like ? 3 . 5 disks _ _ cd rom _ _ = 20 = 20 ( ) virtual girlfriend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ = 9 . 99 ( ) virtual boyfriend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 8 . = 99 ( ) both virtual girlfriend and boyfriend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 14 . 99 ( ) the search for paradise & club celebrity = x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 16 . 99 ( ) too hot for vg & vb collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 17 . 99 ( ) everything ! ! ! the search for paradise , club celebrity x = 20 and virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 21 . 99 * ( ) everything plus + the search for paradise , club celebrity x = 20 and virtual girlfriend and virtual boyfriend and = 20 the too hot for vg & vb collection = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 34 . 99 * * = s&h . . . . . . . $ free ! ! * money order or check * amount enclosed ? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ please indicate year of birth _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sign . . ( signature required for too hot ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ code : 3785
  """",1
  327,""""Subject: fancy a flutter ? here 's a tip ! !
   
   = 20 we tipped you winners all last week ! ! ! ! do n't miss yet another winner ! ! = 20 * * * * just phone 0897-555293 * * * * = 20 you will get the best tip of the day = 20 leave me your name and number and i would also be happy to send you my information pack on how you can use this sevice to create a very entertaining source of addittional income . = 20 fact ! the information supplied by this service has consitantly = 20 fact ! produced winners . = 20 = 20 = 20 why always wonder - fly it once and you ' ll know ! ! = 20 = 20 = 20 calls to 0897-555293 are charged at = a31 . 00 per minute at all times . average call times 1 minute . remove list : if you do not want to receive further messages send an = 20 email to leggit @ mailcity . com with remove in the subject = line .
  """",1
  328,""""Subject: get out of debt fast ! - ukjx
   
   > dear fellow entrepreneur , > > i never thought i 'd be the one telling you this . . . > > i actually read a piece of e - mail & i ' m going to europe on the = proceeds ! > > hello ! > > my name is karen liddell ; i ' m a 35 - year-old mom , wife , and part-time > accountant . as a rule , i delete all unsolicited """""""" junk """""""" e-mail and use = my > account primarily for business . i received what i assumed was this = same e - > mail countless times and deleted it each time . > > about two months ago i received it again and , because of the catchy = subject > line , i finally read it . afterwards , i thought , """""""" ok , i give in , i ' m = going > to try this . i can certainly afford to invest $ 20 and , on the other = hand , > there 's nothing wrong with creating a little excess cash . """""""" i promptly = mailed > four $ 5 bills and , after receiving the reports , paid a friend of mine a = small > fee to send out some e-mail advertisements for me . after reading the = reports , > i also learned how easy it is to bulk e-mail for free ! = 20 > > i was not prepared for the results . everyday for the last six weeks , = my p . o . > box has been overflowing with $ 5 bills ; many days the excess fills up = an extra > mail bin and i ' ve had to upgrade to the corporate-size box ! i am = stunned by > all the cash that keeps rolling in ! > > my husband and i have been saving for several years to make a = substantial > downpayment on a house . now , not only are we purchasing a house with = 40 % > down , we ' re going to venice , italy to celebrate ! > > i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be = prepared to > eventually set aside about an hour each day to follow up ( and count = your > money ! ) , you will make at least as much money as we did . you do n't = need to be > a wiz at the computer , but i ' ll bet you already are . if you can open = an > envelope , remove the money , and send an e-mail message , then you ' re on = your > way to the bank . take the time to read this so you ' ll understand how = easy it > is . if i can do this , so can you ! > > go for it now ! > > karen liddell > > the following is a copy of the e-mail i read : > > $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ > > this is a legal , low-cost , money-making phenomenon . > > print this letter , read the directions , then get started today ! > > you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you = may ever > see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its ability to = generate > large amounts of cash . this program is showing fantastic appeal with a = huge > and ever-growing on-line population desirous of additional income . > > this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not = require > you to come in contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , = you > never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go to the = bank ! > > this truly is that lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow = the > easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams will come = true ! > when followed correctly , this electronic , multi-level marketing program = works > perfectly . . . 100 % of the time ! > > thousands of people have used this program to : > > - raise capital to start their own business > - pay off debts > - buy homes , cars , etc . , > - even retire ! > > this is your chance , so read on and get started today ! > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - > - - - - > overview of this extraordinary = 20 > electronic multi-level marketing program > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - > - - - - > > basically , this is what we do : > > we send thousands of people a product for $ 5 . 00 that costs next to = nothing to > produce and e-mail . as with all multi-level businesses , we build our = business > by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in = the u . s . > allows you to recruit new multi - level business online ( via your = computer ) . > > the products in this program are a series of four business and = financial > reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive via """""""" snail mail """""""" = will > include : > > * $ 5 . 00 cash > * the name and number of the report they are ordering > * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they > ordered . > > to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s = it ! > the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest electronic multi-level = marketing > business anywhere ! = 20 > > follow the instructions to the letter and > be prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! > > * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n s * * * * * * * > > this is what you must do : > > 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if = you > do n't order them ) . > = 20 > * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the > report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your > name & return address ( in case of a problem ) to the person > whose name appears on the list next to the report . make sure > your return address is on your envelope in case of any > mail problems ! > = 20 > * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the > four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can = save > them on your computer and resell them . > > * within a few days you will receive , via e-mail , each of the = four > reports . save them on your computer so they will be accessible > for you to send to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them > from you . > > 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed > next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way = other > than is instructed below in steps """""""" a """""""" through """""""" f """""""" or you will lose > out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way > this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . > remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it = will > not work . > > a . look below for the listing of available reports . > > b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , take this advertisement = and = 20 > remove the name and address under report # 4 . this person has = 20 > made it through the cycle and is no doubt counting their 50 = grand ! > > c . move the name and address under report # 3 down to report # 4 . = 20 > > d . move the name and address under report # 2 down to report # 3 . > > e . move the name and address under report # 1 down to report # 2 . > > f . insert your name / address in the report # 1 position . > > please make sure you copy every name and address accurately ! > > 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and > save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction > portion of this letter . > = 20 > 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the > internet ! advertising on the ' net is very , very inexpensive , > and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . another > avenue which you could use for advertising is e-mail lists . = 20 > you can buy these lists for under $ 20 / 2 , 000 addresses or you > can pay someone a minimal charge to take care of it for you . = 20 > be sure to start your ad campaign immediately ! > > 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the > report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day > service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they > send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt > because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > available reports > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > * * * order each report by number and name * * * > > notes : > > - always send $ 5 cash ( u . s . currency ) for each report > checks not accepted > - always send your order via first class mail = 20 > - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two > sheets of paper = 20 > - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name > of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and > ( c ) your name & postal address . > > place your order for these reports now : > _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ > > > report # 1 """""""" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """""""" = 20 > > order report # 1 from : > > russell & associates 1544 oakland ave . suite 223 indiana , pa 15701 > = 20 > > report # 2 """""""" major corporations and multi-level sales """""""" = 20 > > order report # 2 from : = 20 > > unlimited enterprises p . o . box 1516 eugene , or 97440 = 20 > = 20 > _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ > > report # 3 """""""" sources for the best mailing lists """""""" > > > order report # 3 from : > > d . j . company p . o . box 49 dewitt , mi 48820 = 20 > = 20 > > _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ > > report # 4 """""""" evaluating multi-level sales plans """""""" > > order report # 4 from : > > david noah & co . 514 s . oxford valley rd . # 207 fairless hills , pa 19030 > = 20 > _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . = assume your > goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a = lot of > free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also = assume that > everyone else in your organization gets only 10 downline members . = follow this > example to achieve the staggering results below . > > 1st level - - your 10 members with > $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 > 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 > 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 > 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 > this totals - - - - - - - - - - - > $ 55 , 550 > > remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only = recruit 10 > people each . think for a moment what would happen if they got 20 = people to > participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think about it ! > > your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can = afford > $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is = free ! = 20 > > report # 3 shows you the most productive methods for bulk e-mailing and > purchasing e-mail lists . some list & bulk e-mail vendors even work on = trade ! > > about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! > > * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * > > * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and > follow the directions accurately . > > * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them > when the orders start coming in because : > > when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested > product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , = title > 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the = u . s . code , > also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which = state = 20 > that """""""" a product or service must be exchanged for money = received . """""""" > > * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . > > * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the = 20 > instructions exactly , your results will be successful ! > > * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will > succeed ! > > > * * * * * * * your success guidelines * * * * * * * > > follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : > > if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , = continue > advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should = receive at > least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising = until you > do . > > once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , > because the system is already working for you , and the cash will = continue to > roll in ! > > this is important to remember : > > every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front = of a > different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching = which > report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more = income , > send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! there = is no > limit to the income you will generate from this business ! > > > * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * > > this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! = especially the > rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't = work > and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it = works . > it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , with = little > cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program = exactly , and > you ' ll be on your way to financial security . = 20 > sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms > > my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am = a cost > accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good money . = when i > received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving """""""" junk mail . """""""" i = made > fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population and > percentages involved . i """""""" knew """""""" it would n't work . doris totally ignored = my > supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless = fun of > her , and was ready to lay the old """""""" i told you so """""""" on her when the thing = did n't > work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had received = over 50 > responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i = was > shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would n't = work . i > am a believer now . i have joined doris in her """""""" hobby . """""""" i did have = seven more > years until retirement , but i think of the """""""" rat race """""""" and it 's not for = me . we > owe it all to mlm . > frank t . , bel - air , md > > i just want to pass along my best wishes and encouragement to you . = any > doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . i even = checked > with the u . s . post office to verify that the plan was legal . it = definitely is ! > it works ! ! ! > paul johnson , raleigh , nc > > the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system = is > honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large = amount of > money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked = this > out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the = minimal > effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 = in the > first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . > sincerely yours , phillip a . brown , esq . > > not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my = mind > to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided that = the > initial investment was so little that there was just no way that i = would n't > get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i surprised = when i > found my medium-size post office box crammed with orders ! for awhile , = it got > so overloaded that i had to start picking up my mail at the window . = i ' ll make > more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice = thing about > this deal is that it does n't matter where in the u . s . the people live . = there > simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . > mary rockland , lansing , mi > > i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i = wondered if > i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to = contact to > get another copy , so i had to wait until i was e-mailed another = program . . . 11 > months passed then it came . . . i did n't delete this one ! . . . i made more = than > $ 41 , 000 on the first try ! ! > d . wilburn , muncie , in > > this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit = our jobs , > and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our = money . > the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . = for > your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden = opportunity . > good luck and happy spending ! > charles fairchild , spokane , wa > > > order your reports today and > get started on your road to = 20 > financial freedom ! > > now is the time for your turn > > decisive action yields > powerful results
  """",1
  329,""""Subject: what is you lifeplan ?
   
   lifeplan - goal setting shareware lifeplan helps you to decide exactly what you want to achieve with your life . it then helps you to set the targets and goals that will guide you to this achievement . download lifeplan now to take control of what could be a great life ! you can get lifeplan from http : / / www . btinternet . com / ~ mindtools / index . htm l lifeplan is shareware , so you can try it before you buy it .
  """",1
  330,""""Subject: conquer thinning hair and dandruff problems forever
   
   conquer thinning hair and dandruff problems forever = 20 my hair was either dead or dying . . . . but today it is stronger than ever . = 20 what 's lost is lost you can't regain . . . but you can strengthen what is = left ! = 20 i would like to share w / you my answer to your thinning hair problems . = 20 years ago , i was growing my hair long to cover the thinning / balding area = on top . = 20 i even sported a pony tail for a while as many thinning hair victims in = 20 denial often do . i would just lightly tug at a hair and it would come = off . i would not even feel the = 20 pain one normally feels when one pulls out a hair . = 20 hair would come off my scalp effortlessly . i would have falling hair all = 20 over the bathroom and hair would come off every time i brushed . = 20 my method will strengthen your thinning hair back to its original = 20 strength . = 20 one of the first things you have to know is that once a hair = dies . . . there is no way on earth = 20 or in heaven . . . is it ever going to come back to life again . = 20 can we agree on that ? = 20 nobody has died and ever come back . = 20 nobody . = 20 and no hair either . = 20 when you die . . . you die . = 20 period . = 20 you do not come back . = 20 hair is no different . = 20 this bit of information might come as a shock to some of you . . . but that = 20 is to be expected after the big boys have bilked you out of billions of = dollars promising you = 20 that they have a cure for reincarnating dead hair . = 20 i would like one man to come forward and tell me that where he had a = bald spot = 20 once . . . now he has hair . = 20 one ? = 20 asides from the costly and painful and time consuming method of = 20 transplanting . . . and those ridiculously ugly wigs . . . er . . . hair = replacement devices . = 20 there is none . = 20 there is no cure . = 20 no one can raise the dead . = 20 can you cure a dead man ? = 20 you can save a dying man . = 20 you can even make him strong again . = 20 you can save a dying hair . = 20 you can even make it strong again . = 20 i am talking about prevention and maintenance . = 20 i am not talking hair growth . = 20 i am talking about strenghtening what is left . . . . . and eliminating your = 20 dandruff problem . = 20 you have to nip the problem in the bud so to speak . = 20 are you ready for the simplest cheapest method for keeping whatever hair = you = 20 have left on your scalp ? = 20 are you tired and frustrated because all the cures have not worked even = after you have spent = 20 hundreds of dollars on them ? = 20 are you are still praying that one day they will find a cure ? = 20 you maybe saw a little peach fuzz under a microscope . . . = 20 are you still hoping that you see one hair grow ? = 20 are you still wondering why your bathtub and sink are full of dead hair ? = well you better stop wondering and hoping and praying . . . and do = 20 something before you will one day find more hair on your bathroom floor = 20 than on your head . = 20 well eureka ! i have found an all natural method of strengthening your = hair . = 20 the beauty of this method is that it works to stop falling hair and = 20 dandruff . = 20 please do not spend another cent on cures for baldness . = 20 there is no cure . = 20 there is only prevention . . . and maintenance . my method shows you both . = 20 i have dedicated myself to years of research and vowed that if it worked = , i = 20 would share it w / the world as the only honest method to stop thinning = hair and dandruff . = 20 i am not selling any products here . . . what you will get is instructions = on = 20 my method to prevent dandruff and baldness . = 20 the only one of its kind in the world ! = 20 i know my method will solve your problem forever . = 20 so before you lose one more hair . . . . . = 20 also , once this works for you . . . please feel free to share and forward my = proven simple easy = 20 method w / someone who does . . . your = father , uncle , brother , husband , boss , friend , neighbour . = 20 even those of you who don """""""" t have thinning hair and dandruff = problems . . . forward this = 20 message to someone who does . . . . = 20 they will love you for it . . . . . forever ! = 20 do not be another """""""" hair today . . . . gone tomorrow """""""" story . = 20 send $ 19 . 95 check or money order for a step by step guide to = 20 save your hair to : = 20 ludwig feuerbach iv = 20 p . o box 737 = 20 corte madera ca 94976 = 20 usa = 20
  """",1
  331,""""Subject: stop paying those high major airline fares
   
   stop paying those inflated airfare prices ! ! ! on december 29 , 1997 usa today reported that business fares are expected = to rise approximately 20 % in 1998 . this is on top of a 15 % gain from 1997 . = excursion or vacation fares cannot be far behind ! ! ! many people believe that they can find the cheapest airfares by surfing through the many on-line reservation systems available on the internet . = 20 don ' t be fooled ! ! these reservation systems are owned , operated and = 20 maintained by the airlines themselves and are often slow to be updated . = 20 they also do n't include many of the deeply discounted fare programs = offered by the airlines . = 20 how often have you called the airlines or your local travelagent and = 20 asked them to give you their cheapest fare , only to find that the person = sitting next to you has gotten their seat for much less . """""""" the insider 's = guide to cheaper airfares """""""" will introduce you to other ticketing alternatives = and strategies that the major airlines do n't want you to know about . these = sources offer deeply discounted seats that are on the same flights that airlines = are charging others twice as much . among the things this valuable book will show you are : * * * how to get the airlines to notify you about discounts before they go = public . = 20 * * * ticket strategies airlines do n't want you to know . = 20 * * * how to save at least 50 % on international travel . = 20 * * * which reservation systems work best with which hubs and airlines , . = 20 * * * how to get domestic tickets for 40 % to 60 % off . whether your goal is to go on that vacation of a lifetime or to bring a = loved = 20 one home to the family , """""""" the insider 's guide to cheaper airfares """""""" will = show you that reasonable airfares from anywhere in the country are easily and affordably within your reach . = 20 why give all of your hard earned money to the airlines when you can = spend that = 20 money on fun once you arrive . send $ 9 . 95 ( check , cash , or money order ) make check payable to : ^ ^ ^ travel ^ ^ ^ guide $ 16787 beach blvd . suite # 225 huntington beach , ca . 92647 don ' t delay , save on your next trip today ! ! = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3dorder = form = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d yes ^ ^ ^ travel ^ ^ guide $ , i wish to take you up on your offer , please rush me """""""" the insider 's guide to cheaper airfares """""""" today . i have filled out this form for you = 20 to help expedite my order . name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = 20 i wish to pay by : check _ _ _ _ cash : _ _ _ _ money order : _ _ _ _ send your order for $ 9 . 95 = 20 ^ ^ ^ travel ^ ^ guide $ ^ ^ ^ 16787 beach blvd suite # 225 huntington beach , ca . 92647
  """",1
  332,""""Subject: no more bull . . . this is the one that
   
   / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / this message was composed using extractor pro bulk e - mail software . if = 20 you wish to be removed from this advertiser 's future mailings , please = reply = 20 with the subject """""""" remove """""""" and this software will automatically block you = from their future mailings . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / = / / / / / / / tired of those get-rich - quick schemes that seem to make you more poor = than rich ? do you know there is a company out there that makes sure you = will earn a substantial income by the end of the year ? no hassles , no = hidden fees and costs . . . . what more do you want ? = http : / / www . geocities . com / madisonavenue / 7621
  """",1
  333,""""Subject: samples for adults
   
   for adults only five minutes free today ! click here that address again is : http : / / 208 . 220 . 30 . 2 / pamsph / see you there !
  """",1
  334,""""Subject: total profit + 980 % in 1998
   
   = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = our 1998 stock picks - total profit + 980 % ! ! ! = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = subscribe to our newsletter to be informed of our stock picks - 100 % free ! ! ! value stocks with outstanding company news and upcoming extensive promotion are virtually guaranteed profits - you only need an early stock purchase to profit . our total profit for 1998 was + 980 % ! ! ! subscribe to our free newsletter , and we ' ll notify you of stocks we ' ve selected - this is where we put our money ! we also provide links to information confirming our research is accurate , enabling you to make informed decisions regarding stocks . this is one opportunity too good to miss . . . and it 's completely free ! ! ! to subscribe free , please visit http : / / home1 . gte . net / web22bbx / stocks10 . htm note : this is a one-time mailing . if the site is busy or down , please try again later
  """",1
  335,""""Subject: incredible opportunity
   
   dear friend , if you received this message in error , please accept my apologies . i never thought i 'd be the one telling you this : i actually read a piece of e-mail & i ' m going to europe on the proceeds ! hello ! my name is karen liddell ; i ' m a 35 - year-old mom , wife , and part-time accountant . as a rule , i delete all unsolicited """""""" junk """""""" e-mail and use my account primarily for business . i received what i assumed was this same e-mail countless times and deleted it each time . about two months ago i received it again and , because of the catchy subject line , i finally read it . afterwards , i thought , """""""" ok , i give in , i ' m going to try this . i can certainly afford to invest $ 20 and , on the other hand , there 's nothing wrong with creating a little excess cash . """""""" i promptly mailed four $ 5 bills and , after receiving the reports , paid a friend of mine a small fee to send out some e-mail advertisements for me . after reading the reports , i also learned how easy it is to bulk e-mail for free ! i was not prepared for the results . everyday for the last six weeks , my p . o . box has been overflowing with $ 5 bills ; many days the excess fills up an extra mail bin and i ' ve had to upgrade to the corporate-size box ! i am stunned by all the money that keeps rolling in ! my husband and i have been saving for several years to make a substantial downpayment on a house . now , not only are we purchasing a house with 40 % down , we ' re going to venice , italy to celebrate ! i promise you , if you follow the directions in this e-mail and be prepared to eventually set aside about an hour each day to follow up ( and count your money ! ) , you can make at least as much money as we did . you do n't need to be a whiz at the computer , but i ' ll bet you already are . if you can open an envelope , remove the money , and send an e-mail message , then you ' re on your way to the bank . take the time to read this so you ' ll understand how easy it is . if i can do this , so can you ! go for it now ! ! karen liddell the following is a copy of the e-mail i read : $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legal , money-making phenomenon . print this letter , read the directions , then read it again ! ! ! you are about to embark on the most profitable and unique program you may ever see . many times over , it has demonstrated and proven its ability to generate large amounts of cash . this program is showing fantastic appeal with a huge and ever-growing on-line population desirous of additional income . this is a legitimate , legal , money-making opportunity . it does not require you to come in personal contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house , except to get the mail and go to the bank ! this truly is that lucky break you ' ve been waiting for ! simply follow the easy instructions in this letter , and your financial dreams can come true ! when followed correctly , this electronic , multi-level marketing program works ! thousands of people have used this program to : - raise capital to start their own business - pay off debts - buy homes , cars , etc . , - even retire ! this is your chance , so do n't pass it up ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - overview of this extraordinary electronic multi-level marketing program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - basically , this is what we do : we send thousands of people a product that they paid us $ 5 . 00 us for , that costs next to nothing to produce and e-mail back to them . as with all multi-level businesses , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the u . s . allows you to recruit new multi-level business online ( via your computer ) . we are not promising you anything . you have to put forth some effort to make this business work , but come on how hard is e-mailing ! the products in this program are a series of four business and financial reports costing $ 5 . 00 each . each order you receive is to include : * $ 5 . 00 cash united states currency * the name and number of the report they are ordering * the e-mail address where you will e-mail them the report they ordered . to fill each order , you simply e-mail the product to the buyer . that ' s it ! the $ 5 . 00 is yours ! this is the easiest electronic multi-level marketing business anywhere ! follow the instructions to the letter and be prepared to reap the staggering benefits ! * * * * * * * i n s t r u c t i o n s * * * * * * * this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if you do n't order them ) . for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your return postal address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose name appears on the list next to the report . when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save them on your computer and resell them . within a few days you will receive via e-mail , each of the four reports . save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in steps """""""" a """""""" through """""""" e """""""" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , replace the name and address under report # 1 with your name and address , moving the one that was there down to report # 2 . c . move the name and address that was under report # 2 down to report # 3 . d . move the name and address that was under report # 3 down to report # 4 . e . the name and address that was under report # 4 is removed from the list and has no doubt collected large sums of cash ! please make sure you copy everyone 's name and address accurately ! ! ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this letter . 4 . now you ' re ready to start an advertising campaign on the worldwide web ! advertising on the web can be very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . another avenue which you could use for advertising is e-mail lists . you can buy these lists for under $ 20 / 2 , 000 addresses or you can pay someone to take care of it for you . be sure to start your ad campaign immediately ! 5 . for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will help guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be timely . you ' re customers can't advertise until they receive the report ! to grow fast be prompt and courteous . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash for each report - always send your order via the quickest delivery - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets of paper - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and ( c ) your postal address . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """""""" how to make $ 250 , 000 through multi-level sales """""""" order report # 1 from : hennessy 's 7040 w palmetto pk rd # 4 suite 165 boca raton fl 33433 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """""""" major corporations and multi-level sales """""""" order report # 2 from : a curtain 3840 w hillsboro blvd suite 135 deerfield beach fl 33442 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """""""" sources for the best mailing lists """""""" order report # 3 from : neu carr 6278 n federal hwy suite 276 ft lauderdale fl 33308 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """""""" evaluating multi-level sales plans """""""" order report # 4 from : mary rafferty 1730 s federal hwy suite 170 delray beach fl 33483 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ here ' s how this amazing plan will make you $ money $ let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing alot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . . . $ 50 , 000 this totals - - - - - - - - - - $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they got 20 people to participate ! lots of people get 100s of participants ! think about it ! your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 3 shows you the most productive methods for bulk e-mailing and purchasing e-mail lists . some list & bulk e-mail vendors even work on trade ! about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the directions accurately . send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when your orders start coming in . when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report to comply with the u . s . postal & lottery laws , title 18 , sections 1302 and 1341 or title 18 , section 3005 in the u . s . code , also code of federal regs . vol . 16 , sections 255 and 436 , which states , """""""" a product or service must be exchanged for money received . """""""" * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , the results will undoubtedly be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guideline * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to help assure your success : if you do n't receive 10 to 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't ; continue advertising until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash can continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mails and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! note : if you need help with starting a business , registering a business name , how income tax is handled , etc . , contact your local office of the small business administration ( a federal agency ) for free help and answers to questions . also , the internal revenue service offers free help via telephone and free seminars about business taxes . this letter has been edited to help comply with the federal trade commission requirements . any amounts of earnings listed in this letter can be factual or fictitious . your earnings and results are highly dependent on your activities and advertising . this letter constitutes no guarantees stated nor implied . in the event that it is determined that this letter constitutes a guarantee of any kind , that guarantee is now void . if you have any question of the legality of this letter contact the office of associate director for marketing practices federal trade commission bureau of consumer protection in washington dc . * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . sean mclaughlin , jackson , ms my name is frank . my wife , doris , and i live in bel - air , md . i am a cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good money . when i received the program i grumbled to doris about receiving """""""" junk mail . """""""" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population and percentages involved . i """""""" knew """""""" it would n't work . doris totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old """""""" i told you so """""""" on her when the thing did n't work . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i have joined doris in her """""""" hobby . """""""" i did have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the """""""" rat race """""""" and it 's not for me . we owe it all to mlm . frank t . , bel - air , md i just want to pass along my best wishes and encouragement to you . any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . i even checked with the u . s . post office to verify that the plan was legal . it definitely is ! it works ! ! ! paul johnson , raleigh , nc this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! charles fairchild , spokane , wa order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! ! !
  """",1
  336,""""Subject: keeps america online online
   
   this is not spam ; you are receiving this message because you are a member of a safemail list . if you do not wish to be a part of this listclick here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - aol anti - timer keeps america online online ! this software works with all versions of aol and all versions of windows . you decide when to log off . take control of your service . unlimited free updates e-mailed directly to you when necessary . features : clicks the aol timer boxes automatically to keep you on-line indefinitely . you are now free to stay logged on to aol for as long as you want . you are not forced to stop what you are doing every time the silly box pops up . stop getting dumped in the middle of downloading files . works with aol minimized ( disable your screen saver ) . receive your e-mail instantly and hear """""""" you ' ve got mail """""""" . get the """""""" unlimited service """""""" you are paying for . free updates to aol anti - timer provided periodically via direct e-mail as necessary . personal e-mail support if you are having difficulties . same day delivery via e-mail with visa , mastercard or checks orders . works with windows 95 + 98 and all versions of aol . click status bar to monitor """""""" always on aol """""""" activity showing events and times . * please do not email your credit card information . keep reading for instructions on how to order . news flash : on september 16 , 1998 aol revised the aol timer making all existing anti - timers obsolete and ineffective . all existing """""""" aol anti - timer """""""" subscribers have already received , via direct e-mail and free of charge , the updated version of """""""" aol anti - timer """""""" which defeats the new aol timer . make sure the next aol anti - timer you purchase will clear the new aol timer and all future aol timers . """""""" aol anti - timer """""""" is the last anti-timer you will ever need to buy because once you purchase it you will receive unlimited free updates e-mailed directly to you when ever aol revises its timer or when necessary . take control of your service for only $ 30 . 00 dollars . for more information or to order please click here if have trouble logging on to our url please email us requesting information regarding aol anti-timer click here
  """",1
  337,""""Subject: submit 600
   
   this is not spam ; you are receiving this message because you are a member of a safemail list . if you do not wish to be a part of this listclick here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if you want your site to be found submit 600 is definitely for you your web site is of little use unless it can be found by those who might be interested in it . submit your web site to up to 600 different search engines and directories . guaranteed submission to the major search engines including : alta vista aol netfind excite hotbot infoseek lycos , magellan northernlight planet search web crawler yahoo ! netscape snap . com save yourself time and trouble and promote your web site using submit600 today ! ! ! there are more than 40 million web sites and 400 million web pages with more being added every day . thus , today it is more challenging than ever for your site to be easily found . if you want your site to be found click here if have trouble logging on to our url please email us requesting information regarding submit 600 click here
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  338,""""Subject: submit 600 is definitely for you
   
   this is not spam ; you are receiving this message because you are a member of a safemail list . if you do not wish to be a part of this listclick here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if you want your site to be found submit 600 is definitely for you your web site is of little use unless it can be found by those who might be interested in it . submit your web site to up to 600 different search engines and directories . guaranteed submission to the major search engines including : alta vista aol netfind excite hotbot infoseek lycos , magellan northernlight planet search web crawler yahoo ! netscape snap . com save yourself time and trouble and promote your web site using submit600 today ! ! ! there are more than 40 million web sites and 400 million web pages with more being added every day . thus , today it is more challenging than ever for your site to be easily found . if you want your site to be found click here if have trouble logging on to our url please email us requesting information regarding submit 600 click here
  """",1
  339,""""Subject: submit 600 is definitely for you
   
   this is not spam ; you are receiving this message because you are a member of a safemail list . if you do not wish to be a part of this listclick here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if you want your site to be found submit 600 is definitely for you your web site is of little use unless it can be found by those who might be interested in it . submit your web site to up to 600 different search engines and directories . guaranteed submission to the major search engines including : alta vista aol netfind excite hotbot infoseek lycos , magellan northernlight planet search web crawler yahoo ! netscape snap . com save yourself time and trouble and promote your web site using submit600 today ! ! ! there are more than 40 million web sites and 400 million web pages with more being added every day . thus , today it is more challenging than ever for your site to be easily found . if you want your site to be found click here if have trouble logging on to our url please email us requesting information regarding submit 600 click here
  """",1
  340,""""Subject: free y2k fix ! ! ! < > . : adv """""""" """""""" . ,
   
   the good news is : that you can now test your computer for full y2k compliance ( both bios and real time clocks ) and even correct it with a simple , inexpensive download . the great news is : we offer a free test & evaluation period while you decide whether you want to purchase this solution . no one else offers the comprehensive guarantee that we have for you . for additional information on our free evaluation period , reply to : y2kfreetest @ popmail . com type y2k on the subject line * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to be removed from this mailing list reply to : resource22 @ popmail . com , type remove on subject line . thank you * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",1
  341,""""Subject: new on capitalfm . com
   
   to unsubscribe from these e-mails go to http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this is new on http : / / capitalfm . com - 21st century girls - they ' re here on 3rd june to chat to you . - music gossip - this week 's word on the musical street . - professor pop - every week the prof answers your pop questions . - winning lines - win vonda shepard tickets in our weekly comp . - new singles - the hottest sounds on the stereo this week . - capitalfm . com shop - the very latest and best bargains . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - 21st century girls - they ' re here on 3rd june to chat to you . mark it in your diary now . on thursday 3rd june the noisy foursome will be here for a webchat and itching to answer your questions about the life of a pop group . to keep you entertained till then , you could also win goodie bags in our 21st century competition . - professor pop - every week the prof answers your pop questions . if you ' ve got a question you need answered about music , professor pop 's your man . you know the lyrics but not the song title ? you want to know what the song on that tv ad is ? starting this week the prof will search through his records to bring you the answer . - music gossip - this week 's word on the musical street . we bring you this week 's whisperings from the pop world , with all the goss you really need to know . right now there 's the word on precious , hot faves for eurovision , and britney 's bra-less performance . - winning lines - win vonda shepard tickets in our weekly comp . every week you could scoop fantastic prizes simply for recognising our carefully chosen lyrics . this week you could win tickets to see vonda shepard play live in london if you recognise the words """""""" my love she throws me like a rubber ball . . . """""""" - new singles - the hottest sounds on the stereo this week . this week our roundup of the music about to hit the charts includes the latest from madonna , robbie williams and manic street preachers . plus your chance to listen and vote on tomorrow 's hits with sneak peek . all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com - capitalfm . com shop - the very latest and best bargains . * visit the shop for some of the best prices in music , video and games . we have the latest album releases including ricky martin 's latest featuring ' livin ' la vida loca ' for just 11 . 99 , ' smash hits summer 99 ' for 12 . 99 and backstreet boys ' ' millennium ' for 11 . 99 . * you can also pre-order forthcoming album releases including geri halliwell 's ' schizophonic ' at 11 . 99 ( released 7th june ) , boyzone 's ' by request ' for 11 . 99 ( 31st may ) , red hot chili peppers ' ' californication ' for 11 . 99 ( 7th june ) , baz luhrmann 's ' something for everybody ' at 12 . 99 ( 14th june ) and lots more . * all pre-orders are despatched on the saturday prior to release date in time for delivery on day of release . uk delivery is just 1 for any size order ! http : / / capitalfm . com / shop _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement who do you want to be today ? it 's new . . . it 's exciting and it 's now in london ! new radio world is here for the first time in the uk . within new radio world , you can create your own character and chat with others from around the globe . visit capitalfm , attend on-line events and listen live while you meet new friends . . . also , chat with margherita taylor on saturday 29th may in new radio world ! want to know how ? then click the link below . . . http : / / capitalfm . com / newradioworld / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement panic or preparation ? ring the changes and make revision stress a thing of the past ! all you need to do is stay calm and take the tips from the teachers and examiners featured on revisionline . . . just click the link below and take the tips from the top ! http : / / capitalfm . com / revisionline / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement [ . tv ] - the uk 's first and only technology channel brings you the latest gadgets and coolest kit with ' gear ' . on both wednesday 2nd and 9th june at 7 . 30pm , gear will be reporting from e3 the big video games show in los angeles . highlighting games for the forthcoming playstation 2 , and top games for sega 's dreamcast . plus , on wednesday 16th june at 7 . 30pm , gear comes to you from universal studios where we try out the new terminator ride . the 12 - minute film makes the terminator ride centrepiece , the most expensive piece of celluloid ever made . to find out more visit the [ . tv ] website @ www . tvchannel . co . uk or call 0990 10 20 30 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement you want to be a winner ? the competition zone - where everyone should go and where many have gone before . . . free holidays , cinema tickets , beer , beverages and weekend breaks . you still here ? well click below now and enter one of the fabulous competitions with prizes just waiting to be won . http : / / capitalfm . com / compzone / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",1
  342,""""Subject: analysts choose """""""" adlu """""""" microcap bestock pick
   
   * * * * * we believe in opt-in policies . if you did not request this investor email , please do not reply , you will be taken off our email list automatically , or reply with remove * * adlu - otc : bb - patented , trademarked products , top management , sec form 10 reporting compliance , big four accounting and audits , international advertising campaign , digital imaging and internet applications , good investor relations , small float . this micro - cap is doing everything right ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dear investor , the analysts at bestockpix have chosen adlu as a micro - cap june ' 99 first pick . this swiss based , surface coating technology company is doing everything investors look for . the adlu consumer market - digital imagery and internet printing applications - is an 85 billion photographs per year target market and growing . research has found no manufacturing process which could compete directly with adlu 's patented , trademarked """""""" brightec """""""" alkaline rare-earth luminescent technology . add strong management , saatchi & saatchi advertising campaigns , full sec form 10 reporting compliance , atag ernst young accounting and audits , small share float and undervalued share price and you have all the companents for a bestockpix micro - cap """""""" first pick """""""" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bestockpix invites you to investigate the accuracy of our research , which is developed from publicly available sources . our ' picks ' are based on the potential for significant returns , but are not an endorsement or solicitation to purchase any stock or security . to receive a full list of bestockpix monthly , for an annual fee of $ 50 u . s . , plese reply to this e-mail with """""""" subscribe """""""" in subject line . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bestockpix invests in ' first pick ' recomendations and currently owns shares of adlu common stock . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - this ad is being sent in compliance with senate bill 1618 , title 3 , section 301 . http : / / www . senate . gov / ~ murkowski / commercialemail / s771index . html
  """",1
  343,""""Subject: re : 200 , 000 1st year subscribers !
   
   company : cavalcade of sports network , inc . symbol : w s p n price : 3 ( $ 3 . 00 / share ) wspn is expected to have 200 , 000 subscribers and $ 12 million revenues in its first year of operation . wspn is indicated to have the largest known digitized sports film library in the united states . wspn has been upgraded to an immediate and """""""" strong buy """""""" . go to : http : / / finance . yahoo . com / q ? s = wspn&d = t 2314
  """",1
  344,""""Subject: you have been asked to join kiddin
   
   the list owner of : """""""" kiddin """""""" has invited you to join their mailing list at listbot . you must reply to this message to join the list . = = simply reply with a blank message to join . = = the list owner has included the following welcome message : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = hi guys ! this is just a quick message to invite you to join kiddin , a uk based daily humour list . . . . . . . . . . and because we think you ' re all groovy people who deserve to know . to sign up : hit reply and send the reply to us , that ' ll sign you up . or send a blank e-mail to kiddin-subscribe @ listbot . com or sign up on-line at : http : / / kiddin . listbot . com also , check out our website at : http : / / come . to / kiddin where you ' ll find daily cartoons ( including garfield & dilbert ) and on-line games too . remember to sign up for the daily jokes list , just reply to this message or send a blank e-mail to kiddin-subscribe @ listbot . com tell all your friends too , and get them to sign up as well ! c ' mon , you know you want to , it 's free ! rozwell & elbows kiddin list owners = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = this verification message is used to confirm that we are able to send you mail , and protects you in case someone forges a subscription request in your name . if you believe this was a forged subscription request , ignore this message and you will not be added to the mailing list . if you are having problems using the reply function in your e-mail client , the address to respond to is : v - c82a6bca02c8663f @ listbot . com listbot puts you in control , letting you manage all of your list subscriptions from a single web site . visit http : / / www . listbot . com / cgi-bin / subscriber if you wish to unsubscribe or manage your list subscription for this or other listbot lists . visit this list 's home page at : http : / / kiddin . listbot . com thanks ! sincerely , the listbot team part of the linkexchange family at http : / / www . linkexchange . com /
  """",1
  345,""""Subject: accept credit cards and watch sales skyrocket !
   
   increase online sales up to 200 % http : / / 3626046468 / ut / merchant / index2 . html accept credit cards over the internet * * * no setup fees good credit / bad credit / no credit * * * * no problem * * * * ! ! ! it just does n't matter - everyone gets approved limited offer so take advantage of it ! ! we specialize in servicing the following : * multilevel marketing * mail order / phone sales * at home business * internet based business * new business * small business whatever ! ! ! we do it all ! ! ! everyone is welcome ! http : / / 3626046468 / ut / merchant / index2 . html what can do it for your company ? ? ? ? > > > > internet service secure real-time on-line transactions make it as easy as possible for your customers to purchase your products or services . we use ssl security ( best on the net today ) . now tell me if this does n't sound intriguing , lets say a customer visits your website and decides they want to buy your product ( s ) or services ( s ) . they would simply enter their credit card information and receive an approval within 5 seconds . that 's all there is to it ! ! ! from that point on , the sale is complete and the money will be directly deposited into your business checking account within 24 to 48 hours . so you will have liquid assets available almost immediatly ! ! ! ! your customer will be e-mailed a receipt and you will be e-mailed an invoice slip , all instantaneously . now , since this program is automated for 24 hours a day 7 days a week , you will be recieving orders and maiking money in your sleep ! ! ! ! ! it ' s just that easy ! ! ! ! what makes us so special ? ? ? ? ? * we process over $ 4 billion in credit card transactions every year . * we have over 100 , 000 merchants online and growing . * we offer secured on-line real time transactions . * we offer 24 hour customer service 7 days a week in 17 different languages . * we offer complete training and installation through our technical support group . * we offer a life time warranty and unlimited upgrades . * we help make money for your company and your customer . http : / / 3626046468 / ut / merchant / index2 . html - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - this is an one time mailing .
  """",1
  346,""""Subject: re : information
   
   http : / / www . privategold . com / cgi-bin / click-pg . cgi ? who123 100 % xxx 100 % = 46ree signups cheap 3month signups copy exact link for my prices !
  """",1
  347,""""Subject: new on capitalfm . com
   
   to unsubscribe from these e-mails go to http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this is new on http : / / capitalfm . com - sunscreen day - you could hear your alternative lyrics on air . - name fierce ' s album - you could name the r&b act 's debut album . - hanging with britney - britney spears talks about her success . - professor pop - the prof answers your musical questions . - new singles - the latest nuggets of pop plus sneak peek . - winning lines - you could win with the weekly lyric comp . - capitalfm . com shop - the very latest and best bargains . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com - sunscreen day - you could hear your alternative lyrics on air . monday 14 june is sunscreen day on 95 . 8 capital fm and we ' ve seen so many alternative versions of the number one song that we thought we 'd give you a chance to hear your lyrics on air . send your version in and everyone in london could hear your ' words of wisdom ' . - name fierce ' s album - you could name the r&b act 's debut album . after the success of ' dayz like that ' fierce are set to release their debut album and they want you to tell them what it should be called . and with a whole heap of other signed fierce goodies to be won you can't go wrong . - hanging with britney - britney spears talks about her success . listen in to britney spears talking all about her rise to stardom , her idols , the making of the ' baby one more time ' video , and exactly what it 's like to have a number one single and album ! - professor pop - the prof answers your musical questions . every week he takes a break from his research into the depths of pop to answer your questions . this week he gets into ' dawson 's creek ' , the demanding shania twain and a whole heap of tv adverts . - new singles - the latest nuggets of pop plus sneak peek . coming up in our weekly round up of new releases are the latest tunes from lauryn hill , wild wild will smith and eurovision winner charlotte nilsson . plus your chance to vote on tomorrow 's hits in sneak peek . - winning lines - you could win with the weekly lyric comp . think you know your music ? put your knowledge to the test by recognising the lyrics in our weely competition . you could win george michael 's ' ladies & gentlemen ' videos or , coming up , hi-tech mariah carey dvds . all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com - capitalfm . com shop - the very latest and best bargains . * visit the shop for some of the best prices in music , video and games . we have the latest album releases including geri halliwell 's ' schizophonic ' for 11 . 99 , sugar ray 's ' 14 . 59 ' an unbelievable 10 . 99 . ' austin powers 2 - the spy who shagged me ' at 11 . 99 and gay dad 's ' leisure noise ' for 12 . 99 . * you can also pre-order forthcoming album releases now . there 's chemical brothers ' ' surrender ' out on 21st june for just 11 . 99 , sixpence none the richer 's self-titled album just 11 . 99 , jamiroquai 's ' synkronised ' for 11 . 99 and a chance to win tickets for their forthcoming uk tour . * do n't forget the song that 's taking the country by storm : ' everybody 's free to wear sunscreen ' comes from baz luhrmann 's new album ' something for everybody ' , out on 14th june for 12 . 99 . * all pre-orders are despatched on the saturday prior to release date in time for delivery on day of release . uk delivery is just 1 . 00 for any size order ! http : / / capitalfm . com / shop _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement """""""" honey , i shrunk the web """""""" ! play the new disney game and win one of four holidays to disneyland paris ! discover the magic universe of ' honey i shrunk the web ' and explore the amazing disney . co . uk site http : / / www . disney . co . uk / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement are you a loafer ? what exactly is loafing ? you could win strongbow freebies just by completing our loafing survey so what are you waiting for ? or are you busy loafing ? http : / / capitalfm . com / strongbowloafing2 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement who do you want to be today ? it 's new . . . it 's exciting and it 's now in london ! new radio world is here for the first time in the uk . within new radio world , you can create your own character and chat with others from around the globe . visit capitalfm , attend on-line events and listen live while you meet new friends . . . want to know how ? then click the link below . . . http : / / capitalfm . com / newradioworld / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement you want to be a winner ? the competition zone - where everyone should go and where many have gone before . . . free holidays , cinema tickets , beer , beverages and weekend breaks . you still here ? well click below now and enter one of the fabulous competitions with prizes just waiting to be won . http : / / capitalfm . com / compzone / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",1
  348,""""Subject: is this you
   
   to have your name removed from this list call toll free 1-888 - 829-1943 an exciting new domain is now available to the public ! ! free searches ! ! ! ! http : / / www . webdomains . cc with more than 4 million . com domains registered , all the short and easy-to - remember names are gone ! now a new domain is open to the public and growing very fast : """""""" . cc """""""" ! ! major companies like intel , coca - cola , and even amazon . com have all already registered on the . cc domain ! ! ! they protected their domain names ! ! ! protect yours ! ! ! http : / / www . webdomains . cc the . cc domain reintroduces the possibility of owning short , easy-to - remember domain names and functions exactly as """""""" . com """""""" it is expected to match """""""" . com """""""" in growth and both personal and commercial use worldwide . availability of premiere names is excellent ! ! ! don ' t wait ! ! ! search for your name for free at : http : / / www . webdomains . cc http : / / www . webdomains . cc http : / / www . webdomains . cc _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do you yahoo ! ? get your free @ yahoo . com address at http : / / mail . yahoo . com
  """",1
  349,""""Subject: xenical - the new fat blocking drug just approved by the fda 165505
   
   xenical . . . . the new fat blocking drug just approved by the fda click here ! http : / / % 32 % 38 % 34 % 33 % 34 % 38 % 37 % 33 % 32 @ 3626046468 / de / minutegirl
  """",1
  350,""""Subject: legal cable tv descrambler
   
   note : this is an advertisement for legal tv de-scrambler if you have no interest in this information please click delete now . thank you - - legal cable tv de-scrambler want to watch sporting events ? - - movies ? - - pay - per - view ? ? * this is the famous r - d - o shack tv descrambler you can assemble it from r - d - o shack parts for about $ 12 . 00 . we send you : e - z to follow assembly instructions . e - z to read original drawings . the famous r - d - o shack parts list . plus something new you must have ! something you can't do without . the up-to - date report : using a descrambler legally warning : you should not build a tv descrambler without reading this report first . frequently asked questions - - cable tv descrambler q : will the descrambler work on fiber , tci , jarrod and satellite systems ? a : the answer is yes . in respect to satellite , you just get more stuff ! there is one exception : the descrambler will not work with dss satellite . q : do i need a converter box ? a : this plan works with or without a converter box . specific instructions are included in the plans for each ! q : can the cable company detect that i have the descrambler ? a : no , the signal descrambles right at the box and does not move back through the line ! q : do i have to alter my existing cable system , television or vcr ? a : the answer is no ! q : does this work with my remote control ? a : the answer is yes . the descrambler is manually controlled - - but very easy to use ! q : can you email me the plans ? a : no the program comes with an easy to follow picture guide . q : does this work everywhere across the country ? a : yes , every where in the usa plus england , brazil , canada and other countries ! q : is this deal guaranteed ? a : yes , if you are unhappy for any reason we will refund your money . q : when i order , when will i get my stuff ? a : we mail out all orders within 48 hours of receiving them . order information act within the next 14 days and receive two free bonus ! ! the cable manual ! this manual contains hard to find information your cable company does not want you to know . also receive the radar jammer plans ! never get another speeding ticket . build you own radar jammer , this unit will jam police radar so they can't get a reading on your vechicle . radar jammers are legal in 48 states . it is simple to build . the free bonuses alone are worth acting now ! the cable descrambler kit comes with a thirty day money back guarantee ! if your not completely satisfied , send the cable descrambler kit back and you keep the bonuses for free . you have nothing to lose only free cable tv to gain ! act now ! simply send $ 14 . 00 check or , money order , or credit card information to : information plus , po box 99 , north platte ne 69103 . for credit card orders fill out this form and mail in . attention information plus here is my credit card information for the amount of $ 14 . 00 for the cable descrambler kit . account number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp . date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ billing address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city / state / zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ home phone _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ this mailing is done by an independent marketing co . we apologize if this message has reached you in error . save the planet , save the trees ! advertise via e mail . no wasted paper ! delete with one simple keystroke ! less refuse in our dumps ! this is the new way of new millenium !
  """",1
  351,""""Subject: bulk mailin ' 4 u ! !
   
   general prices 100 , 000 $ 100 . 00 200 , 000 $ 150 . 00 300 , 000 $ 200 . 00 400 , 000 $ 300 . 00 500 , 000 $ 400 . 00 1 , 000 , 000 $ 750 . 00 do you have a product , service , or idea you would like to tell the world about ? this is how it is done ! bulk mailing ! call today and we will set you up with the best mailing service available . we will use your ad , or for a small fee , we can create a world class ad for you . call today , do n't delay 1-800 - 228-2095 . we adhere to responsible email ethics if you wish to be removed from future mailling 's click below . http : / / @ 3472744015 / goforit / remove . html
  """",1
  352,""""Subject: new on capitalfm . com
   
   to unsubscribe from these e-mails go to http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this is new on http : / / capitalfm . com - party in the park - the best concert comes to your screen . - festival guide ' 99 - our mega roundup of the summer festivals . - tina cousins - under the spotlight in our weekly interview . - music gossip - we catch up on the very latest pop happenings . - professor pop - the prof answers your musical questions . - capitalfm . com shop - for the very best prices in music . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com - party in the park - the best concert comes to your screen . sunday july 4th sees more than 30 chart-topping artists playing live in front of 100 , 000 fans in aid of the prince 's trust . we ' ll be bringing you all the action live with webcasts of the action both on stage and behind the scenes , chats with all your favourite artists , exclusive photos , stunning offers and the very best in music ! so you know where to come from 12 . 30pm to 9pm on july 4th for the real party spirit . - festival guide ' 99 - our mega roundup of the summer festivals . if you plan on catching live music in the open air this summer do n't miss our festival guide . we give you the nitty gritty on glastonbury , reading , t in the park , v99 and many more . who 's playing , how to get there and most importantly how to survive the festival experience . plus stacks of offers on new and back catalogue cds from artists playing this summer . - tina cousins - under the spotlight in our weekly interview . the spotlight turns to tina cousins this week who 's about to release her new single ' forever ' in advance of a new album ' killing time ' next month . see what she has to say and catch up on a pile of past under the spotlight interviews . - music gossip - we catch up on the very latest pop happenings . keeping you up to date with the word on the street of pop , we delve into the latest news from alanis morissette , mel g , ronan keating , r . e . m , and more . you know where to come . - professor pop - the prof answers your musical questions . taking his weekly break from researching pop 's obscure corners , professor pop answers you questions : misheard lyrics , cover versions , theme tunes and anything else you ' ve been puzzling over . all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com - capitalfm . com shop - for the very best prices in music . * all the latest album releases including jamiroquai 's ' synkronised ' for 11 . 99 , plus save on their back catalogue and find out the latest on their tour . get the long awaited album from the chemical brothers ( 11 . 99 ) and as blondie gear up for their summer tour pick up the new live album for just 7 . 99 and save on their back catalogue . * you can also pre-order forthcoming album releases now ! 95 . 8 capital fm 's chris tarrant releases his ultimate summer party album on 28th june featuring hits both past and present ; pre-order it now for just 11 . 99 ( all orders must be placed by 6pm on 25th june ) . plus the chance to pre-order nsync 's debut album for just 11 . 99 due for release on 5th july . * all pre-orders are despatched on the saturday prior to release date in time for delivery on day of release . please allow up to three working days for uk delivery . uk delivery is just 1 . 00 for any size order ! http : / / capitalfm . com / shop _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement constellation casino special promotion constellation casino , the premier casino on the internet is now offering a special deal for capital radio registered members . sign up between june 22nd and july 21st from the following url and receive $ 30 free in your account ! ! ! http : / / www . virtcasino . com / casino / capitalradio . htm try this offer now , and play blackjack , video poker and baccarat on-line and enjoy quality graphics and las vegas winning odds ! this can be your best bet on the internet ! ! ! please , note that only one sign up per visitor is allowed . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement buying your new home has never been easier ! all you need to do is visit propertycapital . we have links with some of the best organisations so finding the right home has never been easier . watch carefully . . . there are many new features coming to propertycapital and prizes to be won ! http : / / capitalfm . com / propertycapital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement who do you want to be today ? it 's new . . . it 's exciting and it 's now in london ! new radio world is here for the first time in the uk . within new radio world , you can create your own character and chat with others from around the globe . visit capitalfm , attend on-line events and listen live while you meet new friends . . . want to know how ? then click the link below . . . http : / / capitalfm . com / newradioworld / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement you want to be a winner ? the competition zone - where everyone should go and where many have gone before . . . free holidays , cinema tickets , beer , beverages and weekend breaks . you still here ? well click below now and enter one of the fabulous competitions with prizes just waiting to be won . http : / / capitalfm . com / compzone / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",1
  353,""""Subject: adv : earn $ 50000 in the next 90 days - it works ! ! !
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * earn $ 100 , 000 per year sending e-mail ! ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dear friend , you can earn $ 50 , 000 or more in next the 90 days sending e-mail , seem impossible ? read on for details ( no , there is no ' catch ' ) . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - """""""" as seen on national t . v . """""""" thank you for your time and interest . this is the letter you ' ve been reading about in the news lately . due to the popularity of this letter on the internet , a major nightly news program recently devoted an entire show to the investigation of the program described below to see , if it really can make people money . the show also investigated whether or not the program was legal . their findings proved once and for all that there are , absolutely no laws prohibiting the participation in the program . this has helped to show people that this is a simple , harmless and fun way to make some extra money at home . the results of this show has been truly remarkable . so many people are participating that those involved are doing , much better than ever before . since everyone makes more as more people try it out , its been very exciting to be a part of lately . you will understand once you experience it . """""""" here it is below """""""" = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = * * * print this now for future reference * * * the following income opportunity is one you may be interested in taking a look at . it can be started with very little investment and the income return is tremendous ! ! ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ if you would like to make at least $ 50 , 000 in less than 90 days ! please read the enclosed program . . . then read it again ! ! ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ this is a legitimate , legal , money making opportunity . it does not require you to come into contact with people , do any hard work , and best of all , you never have to leave the house except to get the mail . if you believe that someday you ' ll get that big break that you ' ve been waiting for , this is it ! simply follow the instructions , and your dreams will come true . this multi-level e-mail order marketing program works perfectly . . . 100 % every time . e - mail is the sales tool of the future . take advantage of this non-commercialized method of advertising now ! ! ! the longer you wait , the more people will be doing business using e-mail . get your piece of this action ! ! ! multi-level marketing ( mlm ) has finally gained respectability . it is being taught in the harvard business school , and both stanford research and the wall street journal have stated that between 50 % and 65 % of all goods and services will be sold through multi-level methods by the mid to late 1990 's . this is a multi - billion dollar industry and of the 500 , 000 millionaires in the u . s . , 20 % ( 100 , 000 ) made their fortune in the last several years in mlm . moreover , statistics show 45 people become millionaires everyday through multi - level marketing . you may have heard this story before , but over the summer donald trump made an appearance on the david letterman show . dave asked him what he would do if he lost everything and had to start over from scratch . without hesitating , trump said he would find a good network marketing company and get to work . the audience started to hoot and boo him . he looked out at the audience and dead-panned his response """""""" that 's why i ' m sitting up here and you are all sitting out there ! """""""" with network marketing you have two sources of income . direct commissions from sales you make yourself and commissions from sales made by people you introduce to the business . residual income is the secret of the wealthy . it means investing time or money once and getting paid again and again and again . in network marketing , it also means getting paid for the work of others . the enclosed information is something i almost let slip through my fingers . fortunately , sometime later i re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it . my name is johnathon rourke . two years ago , the corporation i worked at for the past twelve years down-sized and my position was eliminated . after unproductive job interviews , i decided to open my own business . over the past year , i incurred many unforeseen financial problems . i owed my family , friends and creditors over $ 35 , 000 . the economy was taking a toll on my business and i just could n't seem to make ends meet . i had to refinance and borrow against my home to support my family and struggling business . at that moment something significant happened in my life and i am writing to share the experience in hopes that this will change your life forever financially ! ! ! in mid december , i received this program via e-mail . six month 's prior to receiving this program i had been sending away for information on various business opportunities . all of the programs i received , in my opinion , were not cost effective . they were either too difficult for me to comprehend or the initial investment was too much for me to risk to see if they would work or not . one claimed that i would make a million dollars in one year . . . it did n't tell me i 'd have to write a book to make it ! but like i was saying , in december of 1997 i received this program . i did n't send for it , or ask for it , they just got my name off a mailing list . thank goodness for that ! ! ! after reading it several times , to make sure i was reading it correctly , i could n't believe my eyes . here was a money making phenomenon . i could invest as much as i wanted to start , without putting me further into debt . after i got a pencil and paper and figured it out , i would at least get my money back . but like most of you i was still a little skeptical and a little worried about the legal aspects of it all . so i checked it out with the u . s . post office ( 1-800 - 725-2161 24 - hrs ) and they confirmed that it is indeed legal ! after determining the program was legal and not a chain letter , i decided """""""" why not . """""""" initially i sent out 10 , 000 e-mails . it cost me about $ 15 for my time on-line . the great thing about e-mail is that i do n't need any money for printing to send out the program , and because all of my orders are fulfilled via e-mail , the only expense is my time . i am telling you like it is , i hope it does n't turn you off , but i promised myself that i would not """""""" rip-off """""""" anyone , no matter how much money it cost me . in less than one week , i was starting to receive orders for report # 1 . by january 13 , i had received 26 orders for report # 1 . your goal is to """""""" receive at least 20 orders for report # 1 within 2 weeks . if you don ' t , send out more programs until you do ! """""""" my first step in making $ 50 , 000 in 90 days was done . by january 30 , i had received 196 orders for report # 2 . your goal is to """""""" receive at least 100 + orders for report # 2 within 2 weeks . if not , send out more programs until you do . once you have 100 orders , the rest is easy , relax , you will make your $ 50 , 000 goal . """""""" well , i had 196 orders for report # 2 , 96 more than i needed . so i sat back and relaxed . by march 1 , of my e-mailing of 10 , 000 , i received $ 58 , 000 with more coming in every day . i paid off all my debts and bought a much needed new car . please take time to read the attached program , it will change your life forever ! ! ! remember , it won't work if you do n't try it . this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place . it won't work , you ' ll lose out on a lot of money ! in order for this program to work , you must meet your goal of 20 + orders for report # 1 , and 100 + orders for report # 2 and you will make $ 50 , 000 or more in 90 days . i am living proof that it works ! ! ! if you choose not to participate in this program , i am sorry . it really is a great opportunity with little cost or risk to you . if you choose to participate , follow the program and you will be on your way to financial security . if you are a fellow business owner and are if financial trouble like i was , or you want to start your own business , consider this a sign . i did ! sincerely , johnathon rourke p . s . do you have any idea what 11 , 700 $ 5 bills ( $ 58 , 000 ) look like piled up on a kitchen table ? it ' s awesome ! a personal note from the originator of this program : by the time you have read the enclosed program and reports , you should have concluded that such a program , and one that is legal , could not have been created by an amateur . let me tell you a little about myself . i had a profitable business for 10 years . then in 1979 my business began falling off . i was doing the same things that were previously successful for me , but it was n't working . finally , i figured it out . it was n't me , it was the economy . inflation and recession had replaced the stable economy that had been with us since 1945 . i do n't have to tell you what happened to the unemployment rate . . . because many of you know from first hand experience . there were more failures and bankruptcies than ever before . the middle class was vanishing . those who knew what they were doing invested wisely and moved up . those who did not , including those who never had anything to save or invest , were moving down into the ranks of the poor . as the saying goes , """""""" the rich get richer and the poor get poorer . """""""" the traditional methods of making money will never allow you to """""""" move up """""""" or """""""" get rich """""""" , inflation will see to that . you have just received information that can give you financial freedom for the rest of your life , with """""""" no risk """""""" and """""""" just a little bit of effort . """""""" you can make more money in the next few months than you have ever imagined . i should also point out that i will not see a penny of this money , nor anyone else who has provided a testimonial for this program . i have already made over 4 million dollars ! i have retired from the program after sending out over 16 , 000 programs . now i have several offices that make this and several other programs here and over seas . follow the program exactly as instructed . do not change it in any way . it works exceedingly well as it is now . remember to e-mail a copy of this exciting report to everyone you can think of . one of the people you send this to may send out 50 , 000 . . . and your name will be on everyone of them ! remember though , the more you send out the more potential customers you will reach . so my friend , i have given you the ideas , information , materials and opportunity to become financially independent , it is up to you now ! """""""" think about it """""""" before you delete this program from your mailbox , as i almost did , take a little time to read it and really think about it . get a pencil and figure out what could happen when you participate . figure out the worst possible response and no matter how you calculate it , you will still make a lot of money ! you will definitely get back what you invested . any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in . it works ! jody jacobs , richmond , va here ' s how this amazing program will make you thousands of dollar $ instructions : this method of raising capital really works 100 % every time . i am sure that you could use up to $ 50 , 000 or more in the next 90 days . before you say """""""" bull . . . """""""" , please read this program carefully . this is not a chain letter , but a perfectly legal money making opportunity . basically , this is what you do : as with all multi-level businesses , we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products . every state in the usa allows you to recruit new multi-level business partners , and we offer a product for every dollar sent . your orders come by mail and are filled by e-mail , so you are not involved in personal selling . you do it privately in your own home , store or office . this is the greatest multi - level mail order marketing anywhere : this is what you must do : 1 . order all 4 reports shown on the list below ( you can't sell them if you do n't order them ) . * for each report , send $ 5 . 00 cash , the name & number of the report you are ordering , your e-mail address , and your name & return address ( in case of a problem ) to the person whose name appears on the list next to the report . make sure your return address is on your envelope in case of any mail problems ! * when you place your order , make sure you order each of the four reports . you will need all four reports so that you can save them on your computer and resell them . * within a few days you will receive , via e-mail , each of the four reports . save them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to send to the 1 , 000 's of people who will order them from you . 2 . important - - do not alter the names of the people who are listed next to each report , or their sequence on the list , in any way other than is instructed below in steps """""""" a """""""" through """""""" f """""""" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits . once you understand the way this works , you ' ll also see how it does n't work if you change it . remember , this method has been tested , and if you alter it , it will not work . a . look below for the listing of available reports . b . after you ' ve ordered the four reports , take this advertisement and remove the name and address under report # 4 . this person has made it through the cycle and is no doubt counting their $ 50 , 000 ! c . move the name and address under report # 3 down to report # 4 . d . move the name and address under report # 2 down to report # 3 . e . move the name and address under report # 1 down to report # 2 . f . insert your name / address in the report # 1 position . please make sure you copy every name and address accurately ! 3 . take this entire letter , including the modified list of names , and save it to your computer . make no changes to the instruction portion of this letter . your cost to participate in this is practically nothing ( surely you can afford $ 20 ) . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! to assist you with marketing your business on the internet , the 4 reports you purchase will provide you with invaluable marketing information which includes how to send bulk e-mails , where to find thousands of free classified ads and much , much more . in addition you will be provided with information on internet marketing clubs such as internet marketing resources ( imr ) : this is one the premiere internet marketing clubs on the internet . this club provides a forum where internet marketers from all over the world can exchange ideas and secrets on internet marketing . in addition , this club specializes in providing free internet marketing tools and services for the do - yourself - internet - marketer . they will provide you with free bulk e-mail software and up to 1 , 000 , 000 fresh e-mail addresses each week . this club will provide you with hundreds of free resources which include : how to obtain free web sites , how to obtain top rankings in search engines for your web-site , how to send bulk e-mail into aol and compuserve , how to market your products on newsgroups , free classified ads , electronic malls , bulletin boards , banner ads and much more . imr ' s web address is : http : / / www . ixpres . com / imrs / marketing1 . htm ( not working . . . check the links below ) http : / / www . onlinemlm . com / http : / / www . promlm . com / resources / index . shtml there are two primary methods of building your downline : method # 1 : sending bulk e-mail let 's say that you decide to start small , just to see how it goes , and we ' ll assume you and all those involved send out only 2 , 000 programs each . let 's also assume that the mailing receives a 0 . 5 % response . using a good list the response could be much better . also , many people will send out hundreds of thousands of programs instead of 2 , 000 . but continuing with this example , you send out only 2 , 000 programs . with a 0 . 5 % response , that is only 10 orders for report # 1 . those 10 people respond by sending out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 20 , 000 . out of those 0 . 5 % , 100 people respond and order report # 2 . those 100 mail out 2 , 000 programs each for a total of 200 , 000 . the 0 . 5 % response to that is 1 , 000 orders for report # 3 . those 1 , 000 send out 2 , 000 programs each for a 2 , 000 , 000 total . the 0 . 5 % response to that is 10 , 000 orders for report # 4 . that 's 10 , 000 $ 5 bills for you . cash ! ! ! your total income in this example is $ 50 + $ 500 + $ 5 , 000 + $ 50 , 000 for a total of $ 55 , 550 ! ! ! remember friend , this is assuming 1 , 990 out of the 2 , 000 people you mail to will do absolutely nothing and trash this program ! dare to think for a moment what would happen if everyone , or half sent out 100 , 000 programs instead of 2 , 000 . believe me , many people will do just that , and more ! by the way , your cost to participate in this is practically nothing . you obviously already have an internet connection and e-mail is free ! ! ! report # 2 will show you the best methods for bulk e-mailing , tell you where to obtain free bulk e-mail software and where to obtain e-mail lists . method # 2 - placing free ads on the internet 1 . advertising on the ' net is very , very inexpensive , and there are hundreds of free places to advertise . let 's say you decide to start small just to see how well it works . assume your goal is to get only 10 people to participate on your first level . ( placing a lot of free ads on the internet will easily get a larger response . ) also assume that everyone else in your organization gets only 10 downline members . follow this example to achieve the staggering results below . 1st level - - your 10 members with $ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50 2nd level - - 10 members from those 10 ( $ 5 x 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 500 3rd level - - 10 members from those 100 ( $ 5 x 1 , 000 ) . . . . . . . . $ 5 , 000 4th level - - 10 members from those 1 , 000 ( $ 5 x 10 , 000 ) . $ 50 , 000 - - - - - - - - - - - this totals - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - $ 55 , 550 remember friends , this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each . think for a moment what would happen if they got 20 people to participate ! most people get 100 's of participants ! think about it ! for every $ 5 . 00 you receive , all you must do is e-mail them the report they ordered . that ' s it ! always provide same-day service on all orders ! this will guarantee that the e-mail they send out , with your name and address on it , will be prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - available reports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * order each report by number and name * * * notes : - always send $ 5 cash ( u . s . currency ) for each report cheques not accepted - always send your order via first class mail - make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets of paper - on one of those sheets of paper , include : ( a ) the number & name of the report you are ordering , ( b ) your e-mail address , and ( c ) your name & postal address . place your order for these reports now : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 1 """""""" the insider 's guide to advertising for free on the internet """""""" order report # 1 from : aj marketing p . o . box 946 nordvest posthus , glasvej 3 copenhagen denmark _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 2 """""""" the insider 's guide to sending bulk e - mail on the internet """""""" order report # 2 from : eyal hilel 21 bar - ilan st . kfar - saba 44378 israel . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 3 """""""" the secrets to multilevel marketing on the internet """""""" order report # 3 from : dikton haxhijaj homburgerstr . 68 61191 rosbach germany _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ report # 4 """""""" how to become a millionaire utilizing the power of multilevel marketing and the internet """""""" order report # 4 from : ellbee enterprises p . o . box 452233 los angeles , ca 90045 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ about 50 , 000 new people get online every month ! * * * * * * * tips for success * * * * * * * * treat this as your business ! be prompt , professional , and follow the directions accurately . * send for the four reports immediately so you will have them when the orders start coming in because : when you receive a $ 5 order , you must send out the requested product / report . * always provide same-day service on the orders you receive . * be patient and persistent with this program . if you follow the instructions exactly , your results will be successful ! * above all , have faith in yourself and know you will succeed ! * * * * * * * your success guidelines * * * * * * * follow these guidelines to guarantee your success : if you do n't receive 20 orders for report # 1 within two weeks , continue advertising or sending e-mails until you do . then , a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for report # 2 . if you do n't , continue advertising or sending e-mails until you do . once you have received 100 or more orders for report # 2 , you can relax , because the system is already working for you , and the cash will continue to roll in ! this is important to remember : every time your name is moved down on the list , you are placed in front of a different report . you can keep track of your progress by watching which report people are ordering from you . if you want to generate more income , send another batch of e-mails or continue placing ads and start the whole process again ! there is no limit to the income you will generate from this business ! before you make your decision as to whether or not you participate in this program . please answer one question . do you want to change your life ? if the answer is yes , please look at the following facts about this program : 1 . you are selling a product which does not cost anything to produce ! 2 . you are selling a product which does not cost anything to ship ! 3 . you are selling a product which does not cost you anything to advertise ! 4 . you are utilizing the power of the internet and the power of multi-level marketing to distribute your product all over the world ! 5 . your only expenses other than your initial $ 20 investment is your time ! 6 . virtually all of the income you generate from this program is pure profit ! 7 . this program will change your life forever . * * * * * * * t e s t i m o n i a l s * * * * * * * this program does work , but you must follow it exactly ! especially the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position , it won't work and you ' ll lose a lot of potential income . i ' m living proof that it works . it really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money , with little cost to you . if you do choose to participate , follow the program exactly , and you ' ll be on your way to financial security . steven bardfield , portland , or my name is mitchell . my wife , jody , and i live in chicago , il . i am a cost accountant with a major u . s . corporation and i make pretty good money . when i received the program i grumbled to jody about receiving """""""" junk mail . """""""" i made fun of the whole thing , spouting my knowledge of the population and percentages involved . i """""""" knew """""""" it would n't work . jody totally ignored my supposed intelligence and jumped in with both feet . i made merciless fun of her , and was ready to lay the old """""""" i told you so """""""" on her when the thing did n't work . . . well , the laugh was on me ! within two weeks she had received over 50 responses . within 45 days she had received over $ 147 , 200 in $ 5 bills ! i was shocked ! i was sure that i had it all figured and that it would n't work . i am a believer now . i have joined jody in her """""""" hobby . """""""" i did have seven more years until retirement , but i think of the """""""" rat race """""""" and it 's not for me . we owe it all to mlm . mitchell wolf md . , chicago , il the main reason for this letter is to convince you that this system is honest , lawful , extremely profitable , and is a way to get a large amount of money in a short time . i was approached several times before i checked this out . i joined just to see what one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money required . to my astonishment , i received $ 36 , 470 . 00 in the first 14 weeks , with money still coming in . sincerely yours , charles morris , esq . not being the gambling type , it took me several weeks to make up my mind to participate in this plan . but conservative that i am , i decided that the initial investment was so little that there was just no way that i would n't get enough orders to at least get my money back . boy , was i surprised when i found my medium-size post office box crammed with orders ! for awhile , it got so overloaded that i had to start picking up my mail at the window . i ' ll make more money this year than any 10 years of my life before . the nice thing about this deal is that it does n't matter where people live . there simply is n't a better investment with a faster return . paige willis , des moines , ia i had received this program before . i deleted it , but later i wondered if i should n't have given it a try . of course , i had no idea who to contact to get another copy , so i had to wait until i was e-mailed another program , . . . 11 months passed then it came . . . i did n't delete this one ! . . . i made more than $ 41 , 000 on the first try ! ! violet wilson , johnstown , pa this is my third time to participate in this plan . we have quit our jobs , and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the interest on our money . the only way on earth that this plan will work for you is if you do it . for your sake , and for your family 's sake do n't pass up this golden opportunity . good luck and happy spending ! kerry ford , centerport , ny order your reports today and get started on your road to financial freedom ! now is the time for your turn decisive action yields powerful results please note : if you need help with starting a business , registering a business name , learning how income tax is handled , etc . , contact your local office of the small business administration ( a federal agency ) 1 - ( 800 ) 827-5722 for free help and answers to questions . also , the internal revenue service offers free help via telephone and free seminars about business tax requirements . your earnings and results are highly dependant on your activities and advertising . this letter constitutes no guarantees stated nor implied . in the event that it is determined that this letter constitutes a guarantee of any kind , that guarantee is now void . any testimonials or amounts of earnings listed in this letter may be factual or fictitious . if you have any question of the legality of this letter contact the office of associate director for marketing practices federal trade commission bureau of consumer protection in washington dc . if you feel you received this message in error and wish to removed from this list reply to this address aj . remove @ pmail . net with remove in the subject field . thanks
  """",1
  354,""""Subject: info on office 2000 pro
   
   microsoft office 2000 pro microsoft word = 20 microsoft excel = 20 microsoft outlook = ae = 20 microsoft powerpoint = ae = 20 microsoft access = 20 microsoft publisher = 20 plus ! microsoft small business tools microsoft word 2000 gives you the word-processing tools needed to easily = create professional looking documents and share information - in print or on the web . word 2000 embraces html = as a first-class file format and extends word 's industry-leading ease of use to the web and e-mail . = 20 microsoft excel 2000 gives you the spreadsheet capabilities you need to a = nalyze data and find solutions . excel 2000 delivers new levels of resiliency and intelligence , enabling = users and organizations to get up and running quickly , stay working and achieve great results with fewer r = esources . microsoft office 2000 offers enhanced charting and rich analysis tools f = or creating spreadsheets and sharing information . microsoft outlook 2000 is an integrated e-mail and personal information m = anager , providing e-mail , calendaring , and contact and task management . = 20 microsoft powerpoint 2000 makes it easy to organize , illustrate , and deli = ver ideas professionally . whether users are conducting a meeting , presenting to an audience , or de = livering messages over the internet , powerpoint 2000 provides the tools necessary to share information and ma = ke points effectively . microsoft access 2000 makes it easy for users to get the information they = need and provides powerful tools that help users make better decisions . access 2000 let users quickly pul = l data from spreadsheets and other relational databases so they can find answers that count , shar = e information over intranets or the internet , and build faster and more effective business solutions . publisher 2000 is designed to take desktop publishing to a new level of a = utomation , professional design and flexibility to allow you to work and publish the way you want . publi = sher 2000 has expanded the quality and quantity of content , publication templates and design options to hel = p users create and publish professional looking publications anywhere - desktop printer , copy shop , commercial p = rinter and the web . if you would like more info . call = 20 1-800 - 228 = - 2095 = 20 we adhere to responsible email ethics if you wish to be removed from = 20 future mailling 's click here . mailto : paulpatterson @ hotbot . com = = 20 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * * * 94069
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  355,""""Subject: bad credit ?
   
   hi , hi , do you have bad credit like 65 million other americans ? we offer you a way to wipe the slate clean and start over again and how to manage your credit and re-establish your credit worthiness . click on the link below for more info : use one of the following links as some sites may be slow due to high traffic : http : / / 3624108859 / http : / / 3511663956 / cred / http : / / 3488977290 / members / cred26 / http : / / 3510834019 / crimdatabases /
  """",1
  356,""""Subject: advertise to millions and millions for free ! ! ! ( 1958 )
   
   kick your web site u = p a notch ! ! = 5 , 000 + web sites = that will give you free advertising . = finally , an easy way to advertise your web site or product . we have s = pent the last 18 months gathering information on web sites that will give you free or almost free advertising . while others are paying $ 25 - $ 10 , 000 per = advertisement , you can advertise your product , service or site , without having to pay anything . there aren = 92t any catches , or requirements . you will be able to place your link on all of these sites with one simple keystroke ! why would companies allow you to put your link on their page for free ? t = he more hits ( times people look at their web site ) that they receive , the mo = re their web page is worth to other advertisers . some advertisers pay $ 10 , 00 = 0 for an ad that only runs for one month . the more advertisers that are on = a site , the more people will go there to search the ads . this means that t = he site will have more hits , and therefore be worth more to other advertiser = s . putting your ad or link on for free , will benefit you and the other web site . you = 92ve probably surfed the web and found a few sites that will allow yo = u to place your link on their page , or in their mall . have you found 5 , 000 sites that will allow you do this ? even if you did find all of these fre = e sites , you would have to go to each site , one at a time , and try to place = your link . our soft = ware will allow you to place your link on all of these sites with one simple keystroke ! our software will save you thousands of = hours and tens of thousands of dollars . hundreds of people are using our software to sell their products , service = s , and at the same time , they are getting thousands of hits per day to their web site . remember , the more hits your web site gets , the more your site = will be worth to other advertisers . with your link on 5 , 000 + web sites , your business can sky rocket overnight . here are a few real life examples of what our software can do for you : """""""" after recei = ving your software , i immediately placed my link on 5 , 240 web sites . within 2 hours , i was receiving hundreds of hits to my web page . my web counter has gone as high as 12 , 362 hits in one day ! """""""" """""""" this program is the solution i was looking for . i don = 92t know = much about computers , but the software did everything for me . it took me abou = t five minutes to type in the required information , and by the next day i already had over 100 inquiries about my product . """""""" """""""" i have spent thousands of dollars trying to advertise my company = and my products , with very little success . after using your program , i s = aw immediate results . i received more inquiries , and sold more products in = 7 days , than i did in the last 14 months . better yet , i didn = 92t have to s = pend anything to do it . """""""" """""""" after using your software , i received over 8 , 000 inquiries in on = ly 10 days ! i tried for months to find a program that would help me market = my product , now i = 92ve got it . i couldn = 92t put a price tag on this softwar = e , it = 92s amazing . """""""" what is a program like this worth to you ? put your link on 5 , 000 + web sites , free . you will get tens of thousands of dollars worth of free advertising , all with a simple keystroke . take the hassle out of searchi = ng all over the internet for free sites to advertise your product , service , = or web page . let the software do all of the work for you . just put this di = sk in and follow the simple directions . you don = 92t even have to be compute = r literate to use this software . this software has been sold for as much as $ 295 . we are now making it available for a limited time for only $ 99 . 00 . at this price , you can = 92t = afford not to get it . think of how much just one ad could cost you witho = ut this software . you could pay anywhere from $ 25 - $ 10 , 000 for just one ad ! = but if you order wit = hin the next 3 days only ! ! ! ! you can buy our software with 5 , 000 free sites for only $ 39 . 00 . that 's right get your order in within the next 3 days and it is only $ 39 . 00 . to order this software , please fill out the following information sheet , and send your check to : ( please allow 7 to 10 days for check clearance ) please use form below ! ! fieldco 7620 mckellips road pmb # 450 scottsdale , az 85257 in a rush ? you may fax your check to 760 779-9571 and include your email = address ! ! yes i am ordering within 72 hours ! software package 5 , 000 + sites all orders sent via email for immediate download and no shipping expense ! = name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 84472
  """",1
  357,""""Subject: possible + 900 % stock investment return !
   
   as stock investing interests you , please carefully review the following - you will not be disappointed ! = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = """""""" rntk """""""" predicted returns + 900 % over next few months ! = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = imminent outstanding company news & profit potential too great to ignore dear investor , analysts have predicted a + 900 % rise in rntk stock over the next few months due to recent developments and imminent company news . rntk ( rentech , inc . ) is the developer , marketer and licensor of patented technology for the conversion of gasses ( and liquids and solids ) into super clean high value fuels , products and chemicals . in other words , rntk makes it 's money from selling patented technology that billion dollar gas & oil corporations ( such as texaco ) cannot do without . the technology converts otherwise waste , into valuable clean burning fuels while reducing greenhouse gas emissions and operating costs . without such technology , energy companies are forced to utilize inferior technology accounting for 60 % of their expenses . as rntk has new superior and patented technology scheduled for release , rntk stock can only dramatically increase in value . the nasdaq hearing for rntk 's proposed promotion of its stock and upcoming news is scheduled for 20th may 1999 . an immediate purchase ( before the promotion of several imminent releases ) while the stock is barely $ 0 . 50 / share virtually guarantees phenomenal profits - possibly + 900 % over the next few months . even a $ 2 , 000 stock purchase stock could return over $ 18 , 000 ! * """""""" rentech is in a stronger position than it has ever been . we have working capital and meet the net tangible asset requirements for continued nasdaq listing . """""""" * * """""""" bcp 's excellent reputation and experience aligns rentech with an engineering partner in an area of the world that could hold some of the greatest potential for gas - to - liquids technology """""""" - - * mr . , yakobson , ceo rentech , inc . ( rntk ) careful investigation will indicate our research is accurate , and will reveal rntk 's phenomenal profit potential - it will generate returns far greater than any other stock or investment program . as a buying frenzy is anticipated over the next few days , we advise you to act promptly to maximize returns . understandably you may prefer to simply watch the stock , however the stock price being so low provides you with a very rare opportunity for enormous profits truly too great to miss . we recommend holding rntk stock for at least 6 months until the promotion of the new patented technology is complete . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = this information is published by vsp when our research indicates particular stock will generate significant returns - this is where we put our money however it is not an endorsement to purchase any stock or security . to receive all further issues for a one-time fee of us $ 150 , please reply to this email with """""""" info """""""" in subject , otherwise you will not be contacted again . our 1998 stock picks generated in excess of 980 % profit - statistics verified upon request . sent on behalf of vsp financial by growth success strategies . vsp financial currently owns 20 , 000 rntk common stock
  """",1
  358,""""Subject: win $ 300usd and a cruise !
   
   raquel 's casino , inc . is awarding a cruise + $ 300 to a lucky member . no purchase necessary to play ! join before month end to participate . ( you will automatically be enteredinto the next drawing . ) you can join at http : / / www . raquelscasino . com ( casino ) http : / / www . tobet . com ( sportsbook ) raquel 's online casino provides guests with a state-of - the-art gaming experience : - a chance to win a cruise and $ 300 ! - 10 % sign-up bonus ! - free casino software ! - 25 casino games ! - international sportsbook ! - horse racing ! - play for fun , or for real ! our casino is secure , audited , private , and insured . thank you for your time and consideration . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",1
  359,""""Subject: from fanny , recommending nek
   
   dear sir or madam , this is not a """""""" spam """""""" message . we are sending it on behalf of a nek player , whose nickname appears in the subject line above , and who provided your e-mail address and requested that we send you a recommendation . for more information and to download a fully functional trial copy , please visit http : / / www . nekonline . com . nek is an action / puzzle game that plays exactly like the famous tetris game . nek however adds a lot of depth and excitement by allowing up to 11 people to play competitively in the same game . by completing lines in the puzzle , players automatically trigger """""""" weapons """""""" and """""""" defenses """""""" in their opponents ' games with hilarious effects . many people have raved about nek , and we hope that you too will enjoy the game tremendously . you can participate in multiplayer nek games for free on mplayer . com at http : / / www . mplayer . com , and on at&t gamehub at http : / / www . gamehub . net . thank you , elias assad for oceanus communications inc . p . s . here are but a few of the messages we regularly receive from nek players : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * hello , and _ thank you _ for a fantastic game . my wife and i spend many hours competing on the hand to hand game . and we have a question for you : in standard tetris the goal is of course to accumulate as many points as possible . in nek the goal also is to stay alive . when playing hand-to - hand game what would be the parameter to decide who wins . we are now talking of a scenario where a has the most points but dies , and b is alive but has fewer points . . . . this is really becoming an issue in the househould : - ) , so if you could please give us your expert opinion , we would be very grateful ! [ ed . note : the answer to the question in this message appears on the web site . ] kind regards jesper & annette skovlund , denmark * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * thank you very much ! nek is such an amazing game ; the ease of tetris with the added element of multiplayer network attack . please let me know when version 2 is available ; i can't wait to buy it . thanks again , mike * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * wow . . this game is phat . . . . i have been playing tetrinet for a while , but this blows it away in every possible area . worth the time d / ling many times over ! ! ! joshua peters * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * i ' ve just tried playing nek , and i love it ! one thing - - would it be possible to have an option for the pieces to rotate in the opposite direction ? [ ed . note : this was introduced in the current version 2 . 0 of nek . ] the tetris game i ' m used to rotates them the other way ( clockwise / anti-clockwise ) this would also make a nice weapon if it could also happen randomly . . . thanks again ! simon hurr * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tetris is a trademark of the tetris company . nek is a product of oceanus communications inc . and is not manufactured , distributed or endorsed by the tetris company
  """",1
  360,""""Subject: wholesale club !
   
   hi , we where wondering if you would be interested in subscribing to our opt-in email list . we are a wholesale distributor offering customers a wide array of products from sporting goods to electronics with huge savings . you would receive a weekly letter from us promoting some of our top products with the best discounts for the week . savings range from 30 to 80 percent . if you are interested reply to this message with subscribe in the subject . if you wish to be removed reply with remove in the subject .
  """",1
  361,""""Subject: this is new on 95 . 8 capital fm
   
   to unsubscribe from these e-mails go to http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this is new on http : / / capitalfm . com from july 7 to july 21 . - party in the park - re - live the experience right here ! - festival guide ' 99 - win tickets to reading and leeds . - under the spotlight - seafruit and suede . - live reviews - alanis morrisette , celine dion . - wicked women - win in our competition , special offers and more . - dj picks - steve penk leads the way reviewing blur . - capitalfm . com shop - for the very best prices in music . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com - party in the park - re - live the experience right here ! sunday july 4th saw more than 30 chart-topping artists playing live in front of 100 , 000 fans in aid of the prince 's trust . re - live the experience by checking our exclusive photos and the archives from our chats with the stars ! - festival guide ' 99 - win tickets to reading and leeds . if you plan on catching live music in the open air this summer do n't miss our festival guide . win tickets to reading and leeds . find out who 's playing , how to get there and most importantly how to survive the festival experience . plus stacks of offers on new and back catalogue cds from artists playing this summer . - under the spotlight - seafruit and suede . the spotlight turns to bands starting with s . seafruit have their first single out now and suede are getting ready for their performance at v99 next month . see what they had to say and catch up on a pile of past under the spotlight interviews . - live reviews - alanis morrisette , celine dion . two superwomen visit the capital in the coming weeks and we will be ready . find out if they won us over or turned our stomachs by their live performances . we ' ll take you there up close and personal . - wicked women - win in our competition , special offers and more . wicked women is a concert on july 24th in hyde park to benefit breakthrough breast cancer in memory of ronan 's mum . ronan , martine , republica , honeyz and others are all playing . win big in our competition and check out our special offers . - dj picks - steve penk leads the way reviewing blur . penky picks up the new blur new single ' coffee and tv ' and his favourite tracks off of the album ' 13 ' , and more to come . . . - capitalfm . com shop - for the very best prices in music . all the latest album releases including ricky martin , special summer compilation offers and in time for basement jaxx 's second single pick up both singles and the album for a very special price . and be sure to check the site on july 20th for our one-off boyband offers . you can also pre-order forthcoming album releases now ! * all pre-orders are despatched on the saturday prior to release date in time for delivery on day of release . please allow up to three working days for uk delivery . uk delivery is just 1 . 00 for any size order ! all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement check out the new marvin and tamara website ! catch the groove this summer with marvin and tamara and their fantastic new single ' groove machine ' . hailing from croydon and walthamstow , these two young londoners are about to take the pop world by storm . the single oozes summer vibes , full of motown influences , it 's up beat , it 's fresh and it 's most definitely catchy . check out their website on www . marvinandtamara . com and the video on box selection # 542 ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement constellation casino special promotion constellation casino , the premier casino on the internet is now offering a special deal for capital radio registered members . sign up between june 22nd and july 21st from the following url and receive $ 30 free in your account ! ! ! http : / / www . virtcasino . com / casino / capitalradio . htm try this offer now , and play blackjack , video poker and baccarat on-line and enjoy quality graphics and las vegas winning odds ! this can be your best bet on the internet ! ! ! please , note that only one sign up per visitor is allowed . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement sounds good ? it is ! one of the coolest features of the capital site is of course our streaming audio . if you ' re using a modem , has that sound ever crackled and maybe cut-out as the modem can't download files fast enough to keep up ? you need bt highway . streaming audio , and video for that matter , works even better with bt highway 's 128k digital access . in fact your whole internet experience could be better with bt highway . it works by converting your existing bt phone line to a high-speed digital system with two lines to use at once instead of just the one you had before . interested ? well keep listening because the price of conversion is now half price ! how can you resist ? let 's go and check out the website http : / / capitalfm . com and click on the small black buttons at the top to listen live or select the link below to find out more . http : / / www . highway . bt . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement shrouded in secrecy . . . in ireland , on the 4th july , they became plain mr and mrs beckham in a ceremony that is still shrouded by secrecy . to find out more and win your dream wedding dress and honeymoon in our posh and becks wedding competition , click below to find out more . . . http : / / capitalfm . com / webweddings _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",1
  362,""""Subject: wholesale club !
   
   hi , i am writing you to see if you would have interest in our opt-in email list . we are a wholesale distributor who offers its members huge discounts on over 1000 products . everything from sporting goods to electronics . savings are from 30-200 % off of retail prices . we send out products of the week once a week . if you are interested please put subscribe in the subject of the letter . if you wish to be removed please put remove in the subject . there is not cost in joining the club .
  """",1
  363,""""Subject: < < how to see through people 's body & mind > >
   
   = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = how to see through people 's clothes = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = have you ever dreamed you ' re able to see through people 's clothes like superman or james bond ? now at last your childhood dream can come true ! ! ! all you need to see through clothes is a special optical lens made in japan . this lens enables you to see live nude images at the beach , at the pool , and even on busy city streets . you can not believe this then click http : / / www . kaya-optics . com = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = how to see through people 's mind = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = do you know if the person you ' re talking to is telling the truth ? here is the world 's first personal lie detector software for pc . this new product made in israel provides a real-time analysis of vocal segments from phone or face-to - face conversations right on your computer screen . now you can know what 's really going on behind the words . for more details click http : / / www . truster . com = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = dear , are you looking for the new products made in asia ? is this sample newsletter a help to you ? if so , please subscribe to our """""""" the asian newsmonger """""""" newsletter . we inform you more than 100 items of the most amazing & newest asian products for free once a month . to subscribe , simply click asian _ news @ asiancityweb . com ? subject = subscribe if you do not subscribe to our newsletter , your email address will automatically be removed from our database . you do n't have to send us a mail to unsubscribe to our newsletter . if this message does not interest you , please pardon our intrusion . thank you for your time . - the asian newsmonger -
  """",1
  364,""""Subject: thank you for your continued support ! ( 12828 )
   
   as a special thank you from our team at web - entertainment , we have signed special licensing deals with top entertainment facilities across the world . please enjoy with our compliments and trust that we value you as a customer and look forward to continuing our services to you in the future as well as today ! http : / / 208 . 144 . 10 . 20 / ~ scout / index . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 55444
  """",1
  365,""""Subject: teen xxx - free preview ( 104554 )
   
   welcome to the most incredible teen sex action on the net ! instant access , free preview . . all girls are 18-21 guaranteed ! see it here today ! http : / / 208 . 166 . 75 . 251 / ~ mainstream / index . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 59179
  """",1
  366,""""Subject: take our net survey . . . win a free trip for two ! ( 111000 )
   
   net survey invites you to take our adult entertainment survey . all qualified participants will have a chance to win a free trip to los angeles for two ! package includes : - round trip airfare - deluxe hotel accommodations - $ 500 spending money additionally , participants will receive more information about adult entertainment upon request ! our survey takes less than two minutes to complete and provides our sponsors with valuable information on how to improve their web site and services offered . to participate , please visit : http : / / 22 @ 3500800301 * please note : you must be age 18 + to participate ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ net survey respects your on-line time and internet privacy . this is a one-time only solicitation . your address will be deleted from our files . thank you ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 90645
  """",1
  367,""""Subject: your best bet . .
   
   adults only click this http : / / www . wildhotsex . com / puresex1 . html nothing """""""" butt """""""" pure sex this adult site gives you a free xxx video every month http : / / www . wildhotsex . com / puresex1 . html to be removed - e-mail jillbob622 @ geocities . com put remove in the subject line .
  """",1
  368,""""Subject: just released ! cd vol . 4a
   
   online business got you . . . . frustrated ? have you tried : free classifieds ? ( do n't work ) web site ? ( good for closing but you have to have visitors ) banners ? ( expensive and iffy ) e - zine ? ( they ' re great , but only with thousands of members ) search engines ( easy to be buried with thousands of others ) e - m a i l m a r k e t i n g w o r k s ! ! it 's a fact ! if you ' re not using your computer to generate income , you ' re leaving money on the table . i understand that some may take offence with this message , so i ' ll only be mailing to you once . or , if you ' re financially independent , then just hit delete and i won't bother you again . but friend , the proof is in the pudding . \ and if you could do with $ 50 , 000 to $ 151 , 200 . 00 per year , then this message is for you . the following is an example of your potential earnings if you have a product that profits you just $ 30 . remember , on the internet , you can make money 7 days a week , 24 hours a day . . . even while you sleep , orders can come in from all over the world ! orders per day weekly earnings / monthly earnings / yearly earnings 1 $ 210 . 00 $ 840 . 00 $ 10 , 080 . 00 2 $ 420 . 00 $ 1 , 680 . 00 $ 20 , 160 . 00 3 $ 630 . 00 $ 2 , 520 . 00 $ 30 , 240 . 00 5 $ 1 , 050 . 00 $ 4 , 200 . 00 $ 50 , 400 . 00 10 $ 2 , 100 . 00 $ 8 , 400 . 00 $ 100 , 000 . 00 15 $ 3 , 150 . 00 $ 12 , 600 . 00 $ 151 , 200 . 00 the question is . . . how do you generate those orders . our latest & greatest is just released ! the millions cd - vol . 4 10 million of the very best email addresses available anywhere ! ! the millions cd - vol . 4 , is the absolute best product of its kind anywhere in the world today . there are no other products anywhere that can compete with the quality of this cd . after almost 2 years . we ' ve even outdone ourselves with this volume . the millions cd - vol . 4 is comprised of 10 million premium & super clean email addresses - you can start mailing as soon as you receive the cd ! ( see the """""""" how we do it """""""" techniques described below ) . each file contains exactly 100 , 000 email addresses . there are only aol & mixed addresses on this cd . aol : you get over 50 files of 100 , 000 each of aol which equals over 5 , 000 , 000 addresses . the aol addresses are verified 100 % deliverable at time of production and were collected throughout the production schedule-then reverified as deliverable . all of the following domains have been removed from vol . 4 . absolutely not included : compuserve . com genie . com delphi . com gnn . com ( dropped by aol and not active at this time ) , edu , . gov , . mil , . org , and no state domains ending in . us no international domains used on this cd . only pure . com & . net ! ! ! no """""""" duplicate """""""" addresses . all """""""" dupes """""""" were filtered out . here ' s how we get the cleanest email addresses available anywhere ! ! 1 . 190 + million lines of email addresses were filtered and duplicates eliminated . this process , alone , reduces the list into a manageable number . 2 . another filter list of 400 + words / phrases were used to reduce the lists even more . no addresses with profane or inappropriate wording survived . 3 . a special filter file was used to eliminate most of the """""""" web poisoned """""""" email addresses from these lists . most of the lists we purged were full of bogus addresses . one list , in particular , had over 90 % poison in it . our exclusive system reduced these types of addresses to zero . 4 . a """""""" daily updated """""""" anti bulk email list of terrorists and general anti-internet advertising extremists was used to rid our lists of those people who , in a cowardly and deliberate manner , attack all marketing people who choose to utilize the greatest marketing discovery of all time - direct email . our database of these individuals is the largest one maintained worldwide and it keeps our lists of undesirable and extremist elements . 5 . in addition to the above , we also maintain a database that we update every day . this database contains undeliverable addresses , and addresses of those who have asked to be removed from any and all mailing lists ( this is comparable to the opt-out kind of list maintained by the dma , etc ) . owning this cd . . . is equivalent to you having to buy all lists and other cds of our competitors , plus the huge amount of resources our team secures through private means . the major difference is . . . . ours is thoroughly cleaned & free of all the """""""" filled """""""" & """""""" bogus """""""" addresses used by our competition to add inflated numbers to their lists . we perform hundreds of hours of production and thousands of dollars in order to offer you the cleanest and purest cd of quality addresses found anywhere worldwide ! sending your marketing letter to any one of our 100 lists of 100 , 000 ( 10 million in all ) is equivalent to sending 1 , 000 , 000 / one million of our competitors addresses to equal the same response , sales ratio , etc . would n't you rather send just 100 , 000 instead of 1 , 000 , 000 letters ? just think what results you would get if you sent 1 , 000 , 000 using our quality lists ! with our lists you will send less and get more results . our list will result in : higher response ratios higher sales ratios more receptive prospects ; less flames & non-buyers less contact with anti-commerce radicals who want the net for themselves ! you ' ll get 100 of the cleanest email files available anywhere ! each of our new volumes improves in quality and content . no competitor even comes close to matching this superior product . you must use it and compare for yourself ! this product will prove to be the best of it 's kind compared to any cd in terms of hours and money spent bringing it to market . no competitor will ever duplicate the effort of what it takes for us to produce this final product . we don t compromise quality , and we surely won't release any product before it passes our """""""" high standards """""""" test for quality . """""""" you can buy the all of the rest or you can buy from the best """""""" ! the millions cd - vol . 4 is the best ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ don t hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most effective way to market anywhere . . . period ! if you have any further questions or to place an order , you can call us direct at : 1-412 - 734-1488 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the millions cd - volume 4 * * * * * now only $ 225 . 00 ! * * * _ this price is effective for the next seven days , thereafter the price will be $ 299 . 00 so order now ! remember , bottom-line you always get what you pay for ! to order our email package , simply print out the ez order form below and fax our office today . we accept visa , mastercard , amex , and checks by fax . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ez order form _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to order millions vol . 4 email addresses for only $ 225 . 00 . * please select one of the following for shipping . . _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package overnight . i ' m including $ 15 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package 2 day delivery . i ' m including $ 10 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ type of credit card : _ _ _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ _ _ mastercard credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amount $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( required ) signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you may fax your order to us at : 1-412 - 291-1133 check by fax services ! if you would like to fax a check , paste your check below and fax it to our office along with all forms to : 1-412 - 291-1133 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 24 hour fax services * * * please paste your check here and fax it to us at 1-412 - 291-1133 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from your original check . all checks will be held for bank clearance . ( 7-10 days ) make payable to : """""""" ce networks """"""""
  """",1
  369,""""Subject: 20 asian girls a day ! !
   
   please note that this is a one time mailing and you will not receive any further invitations to us . if you are over the age of 18 and are looking for the hottest adult entertainment on the internet today , click here to see something that you ' ve never seen before ! http : / / members . xoom . com / xq36tsts / door . html
  """",1
  370,""""Subject: pay us a visit . ( adults only ) # 1f81
   
   7706 if you ' re over 18 you ' ll want to see this ! live cybersex 24 hours a day right on your computer screen ! ! ! click on the link below : http : / / 3521254387 / lisa / you can watch them do it all live , talk live and get these gorgeous teen models to do anything ! you tell them what to do , and they do it hot young teen girls and guys thousands o = 46 pictures and avi ' s too click on the link below : http : / / 3521254387 / lisa / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to remove yourself from the member mailing list . 1 . go to http : / / 3448153916 / remove / remove . cgi and follow instructions provided on web page . this is not an unsolicited email ! you have received this because you are a past / present member , or are a visitor who has requested additional in = 46ormation about our sites . or 1 . """""""" reply """""""" to : mailto : iilli11 @ mymail . com 2 . type """""""" remove """""""" in the subject field and hit send . submitting as above will delete your e-mail address from our database . or call : ( 305 ) 460-3165 to be removed . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",1
  371,""""Subject: pay us a visit . ( adults only ) # 3cde
   
   1ba5 if you ' re over 18 you ' ll want to see this ! live cybersex 24 hours a day right on your computer screen ! ! ! click on the link below : http : / / 3521254387 / terry / you can watch them do it all live , talk live and get these gorgeous teen models to do anything ! you tell them what to do , and they do it hot young teen girls and guys thousands o = 46 pictures and avi ' s too click on the link below : http : / / 3521254387 / terry / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to remove yourself from the member mailing list . 1 . go to http : / / 3448153916 / remove / remove . cgi and follow instructions provided on web page . this is not an unsolicited email ! you have received this because you are a past / present member , or are a visitor who has requested additional in = 46ormation about our sites . or 1 . """""""" reply """""""" to : mailto : iilli11 @ mymail . com 2 . type """""""" remove """""""" in the subject field and hit send . submitting as above will delete your e-mail address from our database . or call : ( 305 ) 460-3165 to be removed . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",1
  372,""""Subject: sorry for the delay - fqtfsqvb
   
   hello thanks for stopping by ! ! we have taken many new pics and made some hot new videos ! they are the most erotic we have done ! stop by and be our guest for oodles of free fun ! click here and enter we thank you for all your business in the past ! the haven
  """",1
  373,""""Subject: love your profile - ysuolvpv
   
   hello thanks for stopping by ! ! we have taken many new pics and made some hot new videos ! they are the most erotic we have done ! stop by and be our guest for oodles of free fun ! click here and enter we thank you for all your business in the past ! the haven
  """",1
  374,""""Subject: did that work for you ? - calsvxtn
   
   hello thanks for stopping by ! ! we have taken many new pics and made some hot new videos ! they are the most erotic we have done ! stop by and be our guest for oodles of free fun ! click here and enter we thank you for all your business in the past ! the haven
  """",1
  375,""""Subject: re : call me now 732-942 - 7100
   
   hi sexy : i am considered one of the hottest phone girls on the net , because there 's n * o * t * h * i * n * g that i won't talk about . i love to suck , lick , fuck , and it shows ! i ' m a single blonde , 24 yrs old , green eyes and very big tits ! i ' ve been talking to sexy guys on the net for three years and love it ! over half of the people who call me call back a second time . i have regular callers from all over the world ! why ? because this is a small , owner operated business - not some phonesex factory . i ' m right here at home , in my bedroom , just waiting for you to call so we can enjoy each other . of course i participate ! why should i let you guys have all the fun ! : - ) if you have any questions , call me at home for free information . i want to get and keep your business . i have the professionalism to offer you consistent quality . nothing will be mailed to your home , your name will not be sold or traded , i ' m so fucking lonely and horny , call me now baby 732-942 - 7100 non us / canada studs call now on + 1-732 - 942-7100 oh babyyyyyyyyyy . . my pussy is dripping wet , call me now on 732-942 - 7100 kindest regards , heather ps . my slogan is """""""" high integrity , high quality and a great cum everytime """"""""
  """",1
  376,""""Subject: http : / / www . xxxnet . cx
   
   the most nasty , raunchy adult interactive website on the internet today is = 46ree = 46or 1 week ! ! ! ! http : / / www . xxxnet . cx teenage virgin = 46ucking & sucking ! http : / / www . xxxnet . cx locker room xcitement ! ! see all this that was not available in the usa continent ( until now ) here = 46ree ! plus you will get . . . cams galore - peep , teen , anal , dildo . . . http : / / www . xxxnet . cx over 20 , 000 xxx videos over 50 live sex shows ! amsterdam = 46uck shows ! thousands of pictures xxx magazines . . comics . . . games & more ! all this = 46or = 46ree = 46or 1 week ! join now ! go to : http : / / www . xxxnet . cx
  """",1
  377,""""Subject: forbidden xxx ( 4488 )
   
   teen girls 18-20 waiting to tempt and tantalize . . . join the action today with our free trial http : / / tv . acmecity . com / smallscreen / 232 / index . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 25061
  """",1
  378,""""Subject: forbidden xxx ( 4971 )
   
   teen girls 18-20 waiting to tempt and tantalize . . . join the action today with our free trial http : / / 3505021283 / adult / jeni20 / index . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 65857
  """",1
  379,""""Subject: our latest & greatest ! cd vol . 4a
   
   online business got you . . . . frustrated ? have you tried : free classifieds ? ( do n't work ) web site ? ( good for closing but you have to have visitors ) banners ? ( expensive and iffy ) e - zine ? ( they ' re great , but only with thousands of members ) search engines ( easy to be buried with thousands of others ) e - m a i l m a r k e t i n g w o r k s ! ! it 's a fact ! if you ' re not using your computer to generate income , you ' re leaving money on the table . i understand that some may take offence with this message , so i ' ll only be mailing to you once . or , if you ' re financially independent , then just hit delete and i won't bother you again . but friend , the proof is in the pudding . \ and if you could do with $ 50 , 000 to $ 151 , 200 . 00 per year , then this message is for you . the following is an example of your potential earnings if you have a product that profits you just $ 30 . remember , on the internet , you can make money 7 days a week , 24 hours a day . . . even while you sleep , orders can come in from all over the world ! orders per day weekly earnings / monthly earnings / yearly earnings 1 $ 210 . 00 $ 840 . 00 $ 10 , 080 . 00 2 $ 420 . 00 $ 1 , 680 . 00 $ 20 , 160 . 00 3 $ 630 . 00 $ 2 , 520 . 00 $ 30 , 240 . 00 5 $ 1 , 050 . 00 $ 4 , 200 . 00 $ 50 , 400 . 00 10 $ 2 , 100 . 00 $ 8 , 400 . 00 $ 100 , 000 . 00 15 $ 3 , 150 . 00 $ 12 , 600 . 00 $ 151 , 200 . 00 the question is . . . how do you generate those orders . our latest & greatest is just released ! the millions cd - vol . 4a 10 million of the very best email addresses available anywhere ! ! the millions cd - vol . 4 , is the absolute best product of its kind anywhere in the world today . there are no other products anywhere that can compete with the quality of this cd . after almost 2 years . we ' ve even outdone ourselves with this volume . the millions cd - vol . 4 is comprised of 10 million premium & super clean email addresses - you can start mailing as soon as you receive the cd ! ( see the """""""" how we do it """""""" techniques described below ) . each file contains exactly 100 , 000 email addresses . there are only aol & mixed addresses on this cd . aol : you get over 50 files of 100 , 000 each of aol which equals over 5 , 000 , 000 addresses . the aol addresses are verified 100 % deliverable at time of production and were collected throughout the production schedule-then reverified as deliverable . all of the following domains have been removed from vol . 4 . absolutely not included : compuserve . com genie . com delphi . com gnn . com ( dropped by aol and not active at this time ) , edu , . gov , . mil , . org , and no state domains ending in . us no international domains used on this cd . only pure . com & . net ! ! ! no """""""" duplicate """""""" addresses . all """""""" dupes """""""" were filtered out . here ' s how we get the cleanest email addresses available anywhere ! ! 1 . 190 + million lines of email addresses were filtered and duplicates eliminated . this process , alone , reduces the list into a manageable number . 2 . another filter list of 400 + words / phrases were used to reduce the lists even more . no addresses with profane or inappropriate wording survived . 3 . a special filter file was used to eliminate most of the """""""" web poisoned """""""" email addresses from these lists . most of the lists we purged were full of bogus addresses . one list , in particular , had over 90 % poison in it . our exclusive system reduced these types of addresses to zero . 4 . a """""""" daily updated """""""" anti bulk email list of terrorists and general anti-internet advertising extremists was used to rid our lists of those people who , in a cowardly and deliberate manner , attack all marketing people who choose to utilize the greatest marketing discovery of all time - direct email . our database of these individuals is the largest one maintained worldwide and it keeps our lists of undesirable and extremist elements . 5 . in addition to the above , we also maintain a database that we update every day . this database contains undeliverable addresses , and addresses of those who have asked to be removed from any and all mailing lists ( this is comparable to the opt-out kind of list maintained by the dma , etc ) . owning this cd . . . is equivalent to you having to buy all lists and other cds of our competitors , plus the huge amount of resources our team secures through private means . the major difference is . . . . ours is thoroughly cleaned & free of all the """""""" filled """""""" & """""""" bogus """""""" addresses used by our competition to add inflated numbers to their lists . we perform hundreds of hours of production and thousands of dollars in order to offer you the cleanest and purest cd of quality addresses found anywhere worldwide ! sending your marketing letter to any one of our 100 lists of 100 , 000 ( 10 million in all ) is equivalent to sending 1 , 000 , 000 / one million of our competitors addresses to equal the same response , sales ratio , etc . would n't you rather send just 100 , 000 instead of 1 , 000 , 000 letters ? just think what results you would get if you sent 1 , 000 , 000 using our quality lists ! with our lists you will send less and get more results . our list will result in : higher response ratios higher sales ratios more receptive prospects ; less flames & non-buyers less contact with anti-commerce radicals who want the net for themselves ! you ' ll get 100 of the cleanest email files available anywhere ! each of our new volumes improves in quality and content . no competitor even comes close to matching this superior product . you must use it and compare for yourself ! this product will prove to be the best of it 's kind compared to any cd in terms of hours and money spent bringing it to market . no competitor will ever duplicate the effort of what it takes for us to produce this final product . we don t compromise quality , and we surely won't release any product before it passes our """""""" high standards """""""" test for quality . """""""" you can buy the all of the rest or you can buy from the best """""""" ! the millions cd - vol . 4 is the best ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ don t hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most effective way to market anywhere . . . period ! if you have any further questions or to place an order , you can call us direct at : 1-800 - 242-0363 ext . 1226 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the millions cd - volume 4a * * * * * now only $ 225 . 00 ! * * * _ this price is effective for the next seven days , thereafter the price will be $ 299 . 00 so order now ! remember , bottom-line you always get what you pay for ! to order our email package , simply print out the ez order form below and fax our office today . we accept visa , mastercard , amex , and checks by fax . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ez order form _ _ _ _ _ yes ! i would like to order millions vol . 4a email addresses for only $ 225 . 00 . * please select one of the following for shipping . . _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package overnight . i ' m including $ 15 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) _ _ _ _ i would like to receive my package 2 day delivery . i ' m including $ 10 for shipping . ( outside us add an additional $ 25 for shipping ) date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ type of credit card : _ _ _ _ _ _ visa _ _ _ _ _ mastercard credit card # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name on card _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amount $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( required ) signature : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you may fax your order to us at : 1-603 - 452-6269 check by fax services ! if you would like to fax a check , paste your check below and fax it to our office along with all forms to : 1-603 - 452-6269 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 24 hour fax services * * * please paste your check here and fax it to us at 1-603 - 452-6269 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * if you fax a check , there is no need for you to send the original check . we will draft up a new check , with the exact information from your original check . all checks will be held for bank clearance . ( 7-10 days ) make payable to : """""""" eb services """"""""
  """",1
  380,""""Subject: hot xxx ( 917 )
   
   join in on the fun with us ! http : / / 38 . 150 . 73 . 20 / babez / index . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 76557
  """",1
  381,""""Subject: tommy lee and heather locklear ( before pamela anderson ) ( 9875 )
   
   live sincity xxxclub pictures and videos . featuring exclusive photos of . . . - tommy lee and heather locklear ( before pamela anderson ) - a calista flockheart strip tease ( aka ally mcbeal ) - plus much much more http : / / 208 . 234 . 97 . 99 / adult / mywife / index . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 72435
  """",1
  382,""""Subject: limited time reservation .
   
   the most nasty , raunchy adult interactive website on the internet today is = 46ree = 46or 1 week ! ! ! ! http : / / 3461767994 / adult . html locker room xcitement ! ! see all this that was not available in the usa continent ( until now ) here = 46ree ! plus you will get . . . over 20 , 000 xxx videos over 50 live sex shows ! amsterdam sex shows ! thousands of pictures xxx magazines . . comics . . . games & more ! all this = 46or = 46ree = 46or 1 week ! join now ! go to : http : / / 3461767994 / adult . html
  """",1
  383,""""Subject: hot free xxx software ! ! !
   
   > > > > > > > > > for hetero http : / / 3480473412 / csend / straight1 / or for all male http : / / 3480473412 / csend / men / trust me , this is the best ever ! over 300 , 000 photos never ever seen before on the internet ! ! ! cum and see us . . . free software . cum and see me , lover . . .
  """",1
  384,""""Subject: secrets the travel agents won't tell you !
   
   get 65 % off airline tickets + save over 72 % hotels rooms wordlwide * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * want to know where to get get 65 % off airline tickets + save over 72 % hotels rooms wordlwide just go to : * which travel * which travel * which travel * which travel * at : http : / / 208 . 196 . 56 . 134 / ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this text is placed here as stipulated in us bill s . 1618 title 3 . http : / / www . senate . gov / ~ murkowski / commercialemail / emailamendtext . html sender : travelnews , bevere , worcester . email : boney @ hosted2u . net tel : + 33 4 94 60 10 65 per section 301 , paragraph ( a ) ( 2 ) ( c ) of s . 1618 , further transmissions to you by the sender of this email may be stopped at no cost to you by sending a reply to this email address with the word """""""" remove """""""" in the subject line . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",1
  385,""""Subject: tami , was that yu ?
   
   bobby , is this you ? this is john , your cousin . call or email me immedaitly . found a company who will build , and host our site for free . call me today . if this is not you bobby i ' m sorry if you recieved this by mistake .
  """",1
  386,""""Subject: internet pc user group
   
   internet pc user group ( """""""" ipcug """""""" ) newsletter first quarter 1999 table of contents ( 1 ) general &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; ( 1a ) introduction &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; ( 1b ) update &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; ( 1c ) news ( 2 ) review &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; ( 2a ) # 1 - tufftest - lite - free pc diagnostics utility&nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; [ download @ www . ipcug . org ] &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; ( 2b ) call for reviews / reviewers ( 3 ) contact information ( 1 ) general ( 1a ) introduction &nbsp ; the purpose of the ipcug is to bring together people interested in the fast paced and constantly changing world of computers & the internet . ipcug is designed as an open club to people of all disciplines . ipcug offers a variety of interesting services to its members , such as : &nbsp ; &nbsp ; offering a resource base for users . fellow members can learn from each other in a friendly and relaxed atmosphere , anywhere there is access to the internet . &nbsp ; &nbsp ; operating a web site , which enables a great number of people to communicate through messages and realtime chat . &nbsp ; &nbsp ; we are always looking for pc owners ( this includes mac users ! ) to suggest products or do reviews . &nbsp ; &nbsp ; whenever possible we will try to secure member discounts for products and services . &nbsp ; &nbsp ; and lastly there is more to ipcug than just the internet ! the ipcug is a synergistic forum made up by it 's incredibly diverse user base . ( 1b ) update &nbsp ; our website continues to expand and grow . thank you for all your help and suggestions . our search for new mailing list software continues . ( 1c ) news ipcug is working on creating local chapters and monthly meetings . ipcug is also working on details that would enable our group to have yearly gatherings . ipcug would like to attend an upcoming comdex . as the ipcug continues to grow , there will be more reviews , & user contribution . it 's an exciting time to be an ipcug member . ( 2 ) review ( 2a ) # 1 - tufftest - lite - free pc diagnostics utility&nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; &nbsp ; [ download @ www . ipcug . org ] &nbsp ; you arrive home with your new computer . sure , it hurt paying $ 1 , 800 , but you have it all - - large cardboard boxes , yards of cables , oceans of foam packing . assembly is a snap . as they told you in the store , every cable only fits one way . you follow all the instructions , turn it on and everything is perfect - you are very proud of yourself . &nbsp ; months later you start to experience mysterious problems and occasional system lock ups . probably some software tsr or driver has conflicted with windows again . as before , you spend endless hours trying to track it down , but this time to no avail . then one day , unfortunately just after the warranty runs out , it stops working . when you boot , you see a cryptic error message that says something about memory , or parity , or some such thing . &nbsp ; maybe you ' ll spend a lot of time swapping parts and playing with your computer 's insides - but if you do n't have the time or the skills , you ' ll lug the beast down to the repair shop and wait hours for their low-cost """""""" instant """""""" diagnostic service . then you ' ll pay """""""" more """""""" to get it fixed . it 's moments like these that you need # 1 - tufftest - lite . &nbsp ; # 1 - tufftest - lite by # 1-pc diagnostics company simply makes sure that your equipment is connected and working . before you set off on a software wild goose chase , # 1 - tufftest - lite blows the whistle on faulty hardware , in this case a bad memory simm in main memory . &nbsp ; sophisticated operating systems blur the line between hardware and software . when a program wants to access a drive , memory or port , windows manages the request . many test programs tell you that they are testing the hardware , but they can't really tell if the problem lies with the hardware , the software that controls it or windows . # 1 - tufftest - lite eliminates the problem by eliminating the complex operating system . &nbsp ; the program fits on a floppy disk and contains its own super slim operating system and device drivers . when it runs tests , nothing stands between them and the pc hardware . # 1 - tufftest - lite can directly attack drives , controllers , ports and memory , giving them a stiff workout and telling you whether they pass muster . &nbsp ; interestingly , this handy little utility reports fewer hardware faults than conventional diagnostic programs - - because it virtually eliminates the false positives that can be generated when software gets in the way . when it does report a problem with your equipment , you can be confident that it is worthwhile dismantling the system and making the trip back to the shop . when # 1 - tufftest - lite gives the all clear , it is sensible to assume that the issue is a software or setup one . &nbsp ; for the technically minded , # 1 - tufftest - lite runs a range of standard hardware checks . it starts with the motherboard and looks at the processor , math coprocessor , dma controller and real time clock . from there , it moves through a series of video and alignment and color tests , and onto the video adapter itself . after that , parallel and serial ports , floppy and hard drives and main memory are run through their paces . &nbsp ; one advantage of its small size is that # 1 - tufftest - lite automatically relocates from lower main memory to upper main memory and then back again on every pass . thus all of main memory is tested . no other diagnostics can do this because they have to occupy a large chunk of it themselves . after finishing with a check of extended memory , # 1 - tufftest - lite reports on your pc and its components . it produces a results display with a simple pass or fail for each component . if everything checks out , you have the satisfaction of knowing that your pc 's internals are a-ok . &nbsp ; the product does n't assume that you are technically minded . to run it , you turn off your pc , place the # 1 - tufftest - lite diskette in the floppy drive a and turn your pc on . the proprietary boot loader and operating system boots your pc and then automatically runs all the tests , with no user intervention if you like . the tests do n't alter any system settings , so even a novice can use it without fear of doing damage . return after 5-10 minutes and the report will be ready . &nbsp ; there is more to pc problem solving than a basic hardware check , but if you can't do that , you can spend a lot of time looking under the wrong rocks . &nbsp ; best of all , # 1 - tufftest - lite is freeware with no restrictions on its use or distribution so you really can't go wrong giving it a try . [ download your free pc diagnostic @ www . ipcug . org ] ( 2b ) call for reviews / reviewers &nbsp ; we are always looking for member recommendations on new pc and macintosh products to review . and we also invite members to submit their product reviews . ( 3 ) contact information jason president @ ipcug . org megan vicepresident @ ipcug . org manny secretary @ ipcug . org website www . ipcug . org address ipcug376 grant blvd . suite 116syracuse , ny 13206 phone ( 315 ) 431-9571 fax ( 315 ) 431-9571 ( c ) 1998-99 internet pc user group . all rights reserved . you have received this e-mail newsletter as a result of your registration to the ipcug . you may leave this e-mail newsletter service at any time by sending an e-mail to list-unsubscribe @ ipcug . org . the subject line and message body are not used in processing the request , and can be anything you like . for more information on the ipcug please visit http : / / www . icpug . org /
  """",1
  387,""""Subject: new on 95 . 8 capital fm
   
   this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com from the 17th of feb to the 3rd of mar . - live reviews - we take you to sheryl crow , robbie williams and the corrs . - grammy awards - more pop , awards and speeches on feb 24 . - b * witched - get a preview of the book ! - winning lines - guess the song and win the brits video . - new releases - madonna , alanis and other great new music ! - showtime - e-17 , cher and martine mccutcheon on air . - how to be a dj - get tips from the top . - eddie izzard - win tickets ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - live reviews - we take you to sheryl crow , robbie williams and the corrs . spring is coming and the stars are taking to the stage . we take you to sheryl crow 's only uk gig this time around , golden boy robbie is following up his amazing run at the brits with live gigs at wembley and the corrs come back to the london arena after winning best international group at the brits . - grammy awards - more pop , awards and speeches on feb 24 . it 's that time again . the us brings out all the stops and all the stars . we will keep you up to date on the winners and losers and we have some amazing cd offers on grammy nominated artists . keep coming back so you do n't miss out ! - b * witched - get a preview of the book ! the official book is not released until the middle of april , but you can find out what 's in it now ! we will publish an excerpt from the book every week starting on thursday february 18 . be the first to read it ! - winning lines - guess the song and win the brits video . our weekly ' winning lines ' competition has a great prize up for grabs this week . the official brits video can be yours if you know your lyrics . - new releases - madonna , alanis and other great new music ! as always , we keep you up to date on all the new music that is coming out . some heavy weight artists such as madonna , alanis , steps , eagle eye cherry and cleopatra weigh in with new songs . - showtime - e-17 , cher and martine mccutcheon on air . who will be on showtime next ? coming up we have e-17 , cher , martine mccutcheon , jerry springer and kathy burke . showtime on air runs from monday till friday 7 . 30 - 8pm on 95 . 8 capital fm , showtime on-line is available 24 hours a day . tune in , log on or miss out . - how to be a dj - get tips from the top . our superstar djs give you tips on how to join their ranks at the top . this week chris tarrant gives you the inside scoop and on march 1 our very own dr . fox spills the beans . not to be missed if you want to get into radio . - eddie izzard - win tickets to his london show ' dressed to kill ' . watch the site next week for your chance to a free laugh . all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * do n't want to receive these e-mails ? click the following link to remove your address from our mailing list : http : / / capitalfm . com / unsubscribe * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement the best brewed beverage ! it 's different . . . it 's delicious and it could be yours - free ! because it 's non-alcoholic brewed beverage made from pure fruit and barley with a fresh new taste . so , click below an win a case now or phone the hotline to have bbsoda delivered directly to your door . http : / / capitalfm . com / bbsoda / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement on the piste ? fresh snow , packed powder or no snow at all ? find out by checking out the ski reports now ! with 180 resorts updated up to 3 times a day , you can always keep up to date with the ideal snow conditions . do n't take-off without taking it in ! http : / / capitalfm . com / cgi-bin 3 / webobjects / skiweather * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement do you think you can beat the music maestros that won in our last fantasy record label game ? here 's your chance to prove it and reap the rewards . our top twixter will walk away with an elonex webrider pc , so play the twix ' buddy up with the beat ' . hurry up , the sooner you start , the better your chances are of winning . http : / / www . fantasyrecordlabel . com
  """",1
  388,""""Subject: get your business on the internet now ! !
   
   internet marketing starter kit = 20 an on - line marketing course = 20 get your business on the internet now ! ! have you thought about starting your own internet business ? do you like t = he idea of working when you want and = a0from the comfort of your own home ? = a0 = tired of = a0driving to a job that offers no real hope of financial independence ? = = a0it 's time to stop making your boss rich and start reaping the incredible profi = ts that are being made every day on the internet . = 20 there has never been a better time to start your own business . with the internet in it 's infancy the future is very bright for on line marketing . getting a business on the web is easy , but you need the tools ! that 's wh = at i provide . = 20 the = a0internet marketing starter kit is an online = a0marketing course that = provides everything you need to get started . it is different from any other marke = ting report you have seen . i walk you through each step you need to take to c = reate a successful on line business . from making a web page , getting it hosted = , writing ad copy to advertising it and bringing in the dough . = 20 this course is the result of over 25 years of sales and marketing for experience . = a0the past 3 1 / 2 years i have been on the internet looking a = t ways to make money . = a0i have used and a wide variety of marketing methods . i = n the end it all came down to this . you can have a terrific product but if no = one knows about it you will never get any customers . that 's what on-line marketing is all about , getting exposure for a product and making it easy = for the customer to buy from = a0you , = a0a = a0 = a0formula that is successful . = 20 all successful internet businesses have a few things in common . . . a ) a we = b site b ) a product = a0c ) a way to sell the product and d ) customers . = a0i = show you how each step of the way . = 20 this year more people will be buying goods and services on line that ever before ! you can have a website selling your products now ! = a0in this rev = ealing , step-by - step on-line marketing course . . . = 20 = 95you will learn how to get internet access for free . = 20 = 95you will learn how to create your own web site . = 20 = 95you will also learn where to get free software that makes it = a0easy to = publish your own site within minutes without extensive on line experience or comp = uter programming knowledge . = 20 = 95you will learn how and where to have your website hosted absolutely fr = ee . = 20 = 95you will learn where to get bulk email software absolutely free and ho = w to use those programs to promote your business . = 20 = 95you will learn where and how to advertise your products on the interne = t for free ! = 95you will learn how to create """""""" killer """""""" ad copy to turn the visito = rs to your page into paying customers . = 20 = 95you will learn how to get full versions of thousands of popular softwa = re titles so you can really evaluate them before you buy . = 20 = 95you will learn how to accept credit cards on line for your products w = ith no monthly fees , no credit check and no application or sign up fees . so sign = up for this course today and get on the fast track to profit on the internet = . = 20 here is what some graduates of the course have said . = 20 i = a0ordered the internet marketing starter kit 2 weeks ago . = a0after i fi = nished all the chapters and the web designing tutorial i published my website an = d promoted it using the methods in the course . = a0i was thrilled when order = s started coming in for our diet products business . the first day we advert = ised it i got three orders , the second day i got four . = a0this is great ! = a0th = anks for all your help . = a0 = 20 mike boles , ridgefield , conn . = 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i = a0especially liked the fact that i = a0could accept credit cards at my = a0 = website the = a0same day i = a0signed up for the service . = a0i = a0was turned down = a0by = = a0my = a0bank = a0for a = a0merchant account and did not want to commit to a = a0long term contract = of = a0 $ 59 a = a0month that another = a0service wanted . i am also saving over $ 20 a mont = h on internet = a0access = a0as i = a0now get it free . = a0i = a0was skeptical at first = but i = a0tried = a0it and its everything you = a0claim . = a0the best $ 79 i = a0ever = a0spent ! = 20 sharon ilkes , = a0hiawatha , kansas - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - do n't pass up this opportunity to take advantage of this incredible offer . when you order the starter kit you will receive the complete course in wr = itten form and the course on a 3 . 5 """""""" diskette . you also get access to a password protected web site where you can download the software you will need to publish your web site and promote it . = 20 = 95free internet access = 20 = 95free web building software = 20 = 95free web hosting = 20 = 95free bulk mail software = 20 = 95accept credit cards with . . = 20 no monthly fees ! = 20 no credit = a0check ! = 20 no sign - up fees ! = 20 = 95learn to write """""""" killer """""""" = a0ad copy ! = 20 = 95advertise your web site for free ! = 20 = 95free email = a0lists = 20 = 95step - by - step instructions = 20 = 95guaranteed to get results ! = a0 = 20 order now and receive this special bonus free ! ! ! = 20 order now and you will receive 250 , 000 fresh email addresses harvested fr = om an online service within the last 30 days . = a0you will get a username and a password to access the """""""" e - list """""""" from a secret web site with your internet marketing starter kit . = a0that 's not all ! = a0i will personally provide 30 = days of marketing and technical support via email = a0 ( i usually charge $ 90 per hou = r for consulting services . ) = a0 = 20 hold on to your seat there 's more ! you also get more than 100 money makin = g business reports . these reports each tell you about a specific business t = hat you can start . . you can even go into business selling these reports ! = 20 act now ! ! ! = 20 product name : internet marketing starter kit $ 39 . 95 = 20 you will receive your starter kit by us mail . = a0the kit includes . . . = 20 = 953 . 5 """""""" floppy disk containing the contents of the marketing course . = 20 = 95the complete course in written form . = 20 = 95your username and password to access the on-line course . = 20 rock solid money back guarantee = 20 your satisfaction guaranteed ! = a0if this information is not everything i = have said it is and more , i will provide a complete refund . = a0guaranteed to g = et results ! = a0i am so confident in the information i provide that if you ar = e not completely satisfied i will refund your money . = a0 = 20 you will not be disappointed , i guarantee it ! = 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cut here and mail - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - internet marketing starter kit order form - code kc1 to order by mail send $ 39 . 95 plus $ 4 . 95 s&h total $ 44 . 90 check or money o = rder payable to : = 20 tc schmidt , 4654 e . ave s , suite b-102 , palmdale , ca 93552 = 20 name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city , state , zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",1
  389,""""Subject: read this ! !
   
   what have you done with your dreams ? as a member of our team , you can earn a 6 - figure income and travel for pennies on the dollar while working from home . make your vocation . . . . . . your vacation ! ! ! ! ! $ 100 , 000 + first year income * earn $ 2000 - $ 5000 weekly - - starting within 1 - 4 weeks ! * 78 % profit paid daily * no selling * work from home , no overhead , or employees * high tech training and support * not mlm , 100x more profitable * multitrillion dollar travel industry the most incredible part of our business is that all my clients call me ! ! this is not a hobby ! serious inquireies only call the number below for more information there is no obligation ! 24 hour toll free message ! 1-800 - 345-9688 ext 2058
  """",1
  390,""""Subject: free gift catalog
   
   look no further if you want the perfect gift for somebody special . for free gift catalog e-mail your mailing address please pardon the intrusion . to be removed type in the subject : remove
  """",1
  391,""""Subject: 
   
   need a photomask ? search no further . . . adtek photomask has been looking for you ! adtek is a photomask supplier that offers extended services and guarantees quality products at a competitive price . exrended services at adtek photomask . . . facilitating the photomask order process from the very beginning and promoting your understanding of the cad procedure this is our specialty and so , it is our priority ! eager to assist you in every possible way experienced in servicing universities worldwide adtek photomask meets all of your photomask needs . interested ? please reply to : serveu @ adtekphotomask . com please visit our web site : www . adtekphotomask . com
  """",1
  392,""""Subject: view the hollander collection
   
   view the hollander collection t h e h o l l a n d e r c o l l e c t i o n f i v e a r t i s t s . o n e f a m i l y gino hollander . painting jim hollander . photography siri hollander . sculpture to view : http : / / www . hollanderart . com scott hollander . photography barbara hollander . writing
  """",1
  393,""""Subject: new on capitalfm . com
   
   this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - b * witched - read the book extracts and win a signed copy ! - pop auctions - your chance to own a piece of pop history . - kavana - kav 's here to answer all your questions . - help a london child - donate online to join the fun . - london awards - vote for the city 's favourites . - new singles - the word on the latest new releases . - how to be a dj - pick up tips from the djs and win ! - millennium - the stars pick their favourite tunes ever . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - b * witched - read the book extracts and win a signed copy ! every week until its launch in april we have extracts from b * witched 's new book , with everything you could possibly want to know about edele , keavy , sinead and lindsay . come back each week to pick up your b * witched book tokens and you could win a signed copy ! - pop auctions - your chance to own a piece of pop history . 95 . 8 capital fm has teamed up with qxl , europe 's leading online auction house , to bring you exclusive pop memorabilia auctions to raise money for help a london child . right now you can join the frantic bidding for a watch from sheryl crow 's globe sessions tour . next up is a special 1998 life thru a lens tour t-shirt signed by the man of the moment , robbie williams . come to http : / / capitalfm . com and click the qxl icon in the right hand toolbar . - kavana - kav 's here to answer all your questions . you sent in virtual mountains of questions for kavana and he ' ll be here to answer the very best questions as his new album , ' instinct , ' is released . did he answer you . . . ? - help a london child - donate online to join the fun . halc is of course about helping london 's kids and we could n't do that without your support . you ' ll be able to donate online and keep check on the total amount raised for the big event . - london awards - vote for the city 's favourites . it 's that time of year again , and we need you to vote online for your favourites from the worlds of music , showbiz and sport . at the end of the month you ' ll be able to watch the winners live with our exclusive webcast from the ceremony . - new singles - the word on the latest new releases . we ' ll be taking our regular look at the very latest singles . this week we serve up new slices of pop from b * witched , manic street preachers , the beautiful south and the return of roxette . - how to be a dj - pick up tips from the djs and win ! each week a different 95 . 8 capital fm jock shares their secrets on how to get to the top , and we kick off with london 's favourite morning man , chris tarrant . read every week and you could win the chance to hang out in the studio with a dj ! - millennium - the stars pick their favourite tunes ever . 95 . 8 capital fm 's new show has a home on the web . every night the stars tell simon ross their favourite songs of the millennium and you can listen in online with our spectacular extravaganza . all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement fed up of paying a monthly subscription for your internet access ? ? ? """""""" breathe net , a leading isp , are pleased to announce that they have teamed up with capital radio , to give you free internet access . along with this you ' ll receive 5 free e-mail addresses , 10mb web space and technical support 24 hours a day , 365 days a year ( calls charged at 50p per minute ) . simply visit the capital radio internet cafe to pick up your free cd , go to : http : / / www . breathe . co . uk / breathenet to order on-line or telephone 0800 783 7439 to order your free cd . """""""" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement buying your new home has never been easier ! all you need to do is visit propertycapital . we have links with some of the best organisations so finding the right home has never been easier . watch carefully . . . there are many new features coming to propertycapital and prizes to be won ! http : / / capitalfm . com / propertycapital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement just a click away from paradise . . . save money on all your books , videos and cd s and computer games . we have a huge selection with great discounts on all your favourite titles all under one virtual roof - visit any one of the sites and just click onto the next . easy ! this week saw the video release of lock stock and 2 smoking barrels , one of the hottest british films to hit the screens last year . to get your copy at 20 % discount , click here . http : / / www . videoparadise . com happy shopping ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement you want to be a winner ? the competition zone - where everyone should go and where many have gone before . . . free holidays , cinema tickets , beer , beverages and weekend breaks . you still here ? well click below now and enter one of the fabulous competitions with prizes just waiting to be won . http : / / capitalfm . com / compzone / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",1
  394,""""Subject: did you get your information yet ?
   
   a vacation just for you ! to the most exotic place on earth . . . . . . florida ! special online promotional vacation package is brought to you for a limited time only , so don ' t wait ! vist our website now for more information on price and package info . ( sorry , offer not available to travel agents for resale ) offer now available world wide ! ! ! for full details go to : http : / / 3438189349 / ma / nutty2 / trip . html ( must use internet explorer )
  """",1
  395,""""Subject: strengthen your marriage or relationship
   
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - increase your sexual potential - strengthen your marriage or relationship - increase lust and romance - better foreplay - exercises anyone can do - increase passion and desire - be able to have sex more times a day - satisfy your partners needs its time to put futher enjoyment into your life , time is limited so use it to its full pleasure . order our informational guide to strengthen your marriage or relationship for our print value of $ 9 . 00 . we will rush your guide to you within days of receiving your payment . ordering instructions are below . order by mail send payment to : k . c . smith 10 east louisiana evansville , in 47711 make sure to write your address twice to ensure delivery .
  """",1
  396,""""Subject: get your bills under control with monthly bill manager 98 / 99
   
   look for a great program to get your bills under control . then look no futher , it is here and it 's called monthly bill manager 98 . download . com gives it most popular and top picks . review from zdnet ( 5 out of 5 stars ) monthly bill manager 98 is a personal-finance management system . it enables you to easily track your bills , payments , credit cards , \ loans , savings , and checking on a monthly basis . set your own groups to link bills , then budget your payments . the attractive interface offers lots of power , with a multipane window tabbed and indexed to put all of the controls at your fingertips . drag and drop payments into envelopes for the current month or preset your payments and transfers to minimize routine activities . you can choose from an editable icon library to mark your various accounts and payments . reports summarize your data to quickly show what your financial status is . the wizard-style setup sequence gets you up and running quickly by establishing your accounts , payments , and groups . on - line help , a text manual , sample data , and control tooltips provide assistance in learning the program features . if you need a powerhouse tool to track your bills and budgeting , take a look at monthly bill manager 98 . you can download the full working version and try it for 45 days . download monthly bill manager 98 http : / / www . mjksw . com / shareware / mbm98 . exe download monthly bill manager 99 ( beta ) http : / / www . mjksw . com / shareware / mbm99s . exe order it online at https : / / www . ecverify . com / ecverify / ssl / vendor / 111 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * order monthly bill manager 98 before april 1st and get monthly bill manager 99 free * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * marc a . hale mjk software writers , inc . http : / / www . mjksw . com marchale @ mjksw . com
  """",1
  397,""""Subject: win a free trip to antigua
   
   win a free trip to antigua just by visiting our site http : / / www . kingscasino . com anitgua 's largest casino and # 1 entertainment center now offers online gambling . open over 10 years with over 3 million visitors . king 's casino is a real casino ; it 's not just in cyberspace . located in downtown antigua where the cruise ships dock . so next time in antigua visit us in person during your cruise or from your hotel . or now on-line so click here at http : / / www . kingscasino . com featuring the finest graphics and the most fun to play . to be removed from receiving any more information click here mailto : remove @ kingscasino . com
  """",1
  398,""""Subject: come see the sunshine !
   
   a vacation just for you ! to the most exotic place on earth . . . . . . florida ! special online promotional vacation package is brought to you for a limited time only , so don ' t wait ! vist our website now for more information on price and package info . ( sorry , offer not available to travel agents for resale ) offer now available world wide ! ! ! for full details go to : http : / / % 361 % 36 % 340 % 35 % 36 % 365 @ 3438189349 / ak2 / robber9 / trip . html to be removed from these promotional mailings go to : http : / / % 361 % 36 % 340 % 35 % 36 % 365 @ 3438189349 / ak2 / robber9 / removepage . html
  """",1
  399,""""Subject: new at capitalfm . com
   
   this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - another level - chat live with the group this tuesday ! - whitney houston - win whitney 's entire back catalogue . - b * witched - read the book extracts and win a signed copy . - latest bargains - pick up the very latest cds from only 9 . 99 . - westlife - ronan 's band go under the spotlight . - how to be a dj - pick up tips from the djs and win ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - another level - chat live with the group this tuesday ! there 's no stopping wayne , dane , bobak and mark . not only are they off on a uk tour in april and have a stream of fab new releases , they ' ll be here for a webchat on the evening of tuesday 23rd march . start thinking up your tough questions now ! - whitney houston - win whitney 's entire back catalogue . she 's the diva to end them all , and to celebrate the success of her fantastic album , ' my love is your love , ' we ' ll be offering you the chance to win all her albums ! this is the place for the very best prizes . - b * witched - read the book extracts and win a signed copy ! every week until its launch in april we have extracts from b * witched 's new book , with everything you could possibly want to know about edele , keavy , sinead and lindsay . come back each week to pick up your b * witched book tokens and you could win a signed copy ! - latest bargains - pick up the very latest cds from only 9 . 99 . we always have the best music at amazing prices , but sometimes we out do ourselves . you can pick up the latest albums from the likes of blur , britney spears , kula shaker and emilia from only 9 . 99 right here . - westlife - ronan 's band go under the spotlight . they ' ve barely begun but you know they ' re going to be huge . we tear the hottest new band away from ronan keating 's guiding hand and sit them under the spotlight for some probing , and frankly bizarre , questions . - how to be a dj - pick up tips from the djs and win ! each week a different 95 . 8 capital fm jock shares their secrets on how to get to the top , this week featuring everyone 's favourite evening host , james cannon . read every week and you could win the chance to hang out in the studio with a dj ! all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement want to see england play france this weekend ? imagine a full vip hospitality day at twickenham to see the clash of the titans on sat march 20th . we have a pair of tickets ( with unlimited hospitality ) to give away ! click on the link below and enter your details for your chance to win this once in a life-time package . http : / / capitalfm . com / englandvfrance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement fed up of paying a monthly subscription for your internet access ? ? ? """""""" breathe net , a leading isp , are pleased to announce that they have teamed up with capital radio , to give you free internet access . along with this you ' ll receive 5 free e-mail addresses , 10mb web space and technical support 24 hours a day , 365 days a year ( calls charged at 50p per minute ) . simply visit the capital radio internet cafe to pick up your free cd , go to : http : / / www . breathe . co . uk / breathenet to order on-line or telephone 0800 783 7439 to order your free cd . """""""" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement sore feet . . . heavy heart ? forget patrolling the high street looking for the best property deals . property broker lets you sit at home , work or wherever you have access to the internet and browse hundreds of properties , at your leisure ! so , get connected with the best . . . http : / / www . propertybroker . co . uk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement you want to be a winner ? the competition zone - where everyone should go and where many have gone before . . . free holidays , cinema tickets , beer , beverages and weekend breaks . you still here ? well click below now and enter one of the fabulous competitions with prizes just waiting to be won . http : / / capitalfm . com / compzone / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",1
  400,""""Subject: search no more for . . . credibility ! ! !
   
   what have you done with your dreams ? as a member of our team , you can earn a 6 - figure income and travel for pennies on the dollar while working from home . make your vocation . . . . . . your vacation ! ! ! ! ! $ 100 , 000 + first year income * earn $ 2000 - $ 5000 weekly - - starting within 1 - 4 weeks ! * 78 % profit paid daily * no selling * work from home , no overhead , or employees * high tech training and support * not mlm , 100x more profitable * multitrillion dollar travel industry the most incredible part of our business is that all my clients call me ! ! this is not a hobby ! serious inquireies only call the number below for more information there is no obligation ! 24 hour toll free message ! 1-800 - 345-9688 ext 2050
  """",1
  401,""""Subject: stocks on the move !
   
   pdc innovative industries inc . ( symbol pdci ) , otc bulletin board is prepared for a big move says stock market analysts . recently reverse split 40 for 1 and currently trading at 4 dollars per share . if the stock hits 3 split level the price could easily hit 10 to 12 dollars per share . pdci recently announces major news concerning production and sales projections . for more info check dow jones historical new .
  """",1
  402,""""Subject: ez finance
   
   we never send e-mail unsolicited . if you want to unsubscribe you from our listing , send e-mail to tiamo @ looksmart . com with the subject . ez finance mortgage and loan call 808-942 - 2224 or stop by http : / / www . mortgage2u . com / good credit bad credit o . k do n't worry about your credit . we will get you money to start new .
  """",1
  403,""""Subject: * time share *
   
   * time share * in beautiful british columbia , canada studio apartment * for sale * the owner of this beautiful condo time share has decided to sell to the public one of his personal time shares in canada . this offer will not last for ever so please act now , go to http : / / www . maxcyber . net / grande . htm to see it . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this time share can be used as a investment or any thing under the sun . the value of it is over $ 7 , 500 . the owner only wants $ 2 , 600 please remember that you pay only once and enjoy it for life time . so go on and visit , this opportunity might pass you buy , if you do n't act now ! ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * http : / / www . maxcyber . net / grande . htm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ this message was composed by a cybermailagent service . if you wish to be removed from this advertiser 's future mailings , please reply with the subject """""""" remove """""""" and this service will automatically block you from their future mailings . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",1
  404,""""Subject: requested
   
   international driver ' s license need a new driver 's license ? too many points or other trouble ? want a license that can never be suspended or revoked ? want id for nightclubs or hotel check-in ? avoid tickets , fines , and mandatory driver 's education . protect your privacy , and hide your identity . the united nations gave you the privilege to drive freely throughout the world ! ( convention on international road traffic of september 19 , 1949 & world court decision , the hague , netherlands , january 21 , 1958 ) take advantage of your rights . order a valid international driver 's license that can never be suspended or revoked . confidentiality assured . call now ! ! ! 1-937 - 586-9313
  """",1
  405,""""Subject: offering closes march 31 , 1999
   
   offering closes march 31 , 1999 this announcement is not an offer to sell nor a solicitation of an offer to buy these securities . the offering is made only by the prospectus . net world marketing , inc . 10 , 000 , 000 common shares _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ price $ 0 . 10 per share _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ copies of the prospectus may be obtained directly from the company . copies of the prospectus may be obtained only in such states where the offering may be legally distributed . net world marketing , inc . 400 n . woodlawn , suite 18 wichita , ks 67208 tel : ( 800 ) 992-6616 fax : ( 316 ) 688-0998
  """",1
  406,""""Subject: wow . . . this is incredible !
   
   a vacation just for you ! to the most exotic place on earth . . . . . . florida ! special online promotional vacation package is brought to you for a limited time only , so don ' t wait ! vist our website now for more information on price and package info . ( sorry , offer not available to travel agents for resale ) offer now available world wide ! ! ! for full details go to : http : / / 3438189349 / al / blackkeys / trip5 . html
  """",1
  407,""""Subject: new at http : / / capitalfm . com
   
   this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - help a london child - do n't miss the fun this weekend ! - cranberries - win tickets and check out the new album . - lovestation - we take you inside their studio . - sneak peek - check out tomorrow 's hits today . - roxette - per and marie go under the spotlight . - b * witched - read the book extracts and win a signed copy . - how to be a dj - pick up tips from the djs and win ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - help a london child - do n't miss the fun this weekend ! easter weekend is help a london child weekend and you can keep up with all the action at capitalfm . com and donate online . the auctions , the events , the stars and our incredible totalizer which will show the amount raised so far . - cranberries - win tickets and check out the new album . they ' re back with a new album ' bury the hatchet ' - we take a look and give you the chance to order your copy now . plus the chance to win tickets to see the band play live . - lovestation - we take you inside their studio . lovestation are in the studio starting work on their debut album . we take you behind the scenes to find out what really goes on the other side of pop 's closed doors in the first of our exclusive reports . - sneak peek - check out tomorrow 's hits today . every week we serve up the latest new singles for you to check out and now we ' re going one better . you can now check out the best singles due to be released in the weeks ahead and vote on your tip for the top . - roxette - per and marie go under the spotlight . the swedish duo have a new album out and we subject them to a torrent of questions in our weekly under the spotlight series . can you guess who their favourite muppet is . . . ? - b * witched - read the book extracts and win a signed copy ! every week until its launch in april we have extracts from b * witched 's new book , with everything you could possibly want to know about edele , keavy , sinead and lindsay . come back each week to pick up your b * witched book tokens and you could win a signed copy ! - how to be a dj - pick up tips from the djs and win ! each week a different 95 . 8 capital fm jock shares their secrets on how to get to the top , this week featuring the man whose finger never leaves the pulse of news , howard hughes . read every week and you could win the chance to hang out in the studio with a dj ! all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement win tickets to the uefa semi-final - courtesy of mastercard as official sponsors of the uefa champions league , mastercard is offering the chance of a lifetime . . . you could win a pair of tickets to see the clash of the titans - manchester utd v juventus at old trafford on wednesday april 7th . the cream of the continent 's footballing dynasties has been narrowed down , so be prepared for a showdown ! click below to enter now ! http : / / capitalfm . com / mastercard / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement bb in the spotlight . . . starring four juicy flavours spreading across the country in a mission to quench the thirst of millions . bbsoda is delicious , 100 % naturally brewed , 100 % full of flavour , packed with taste and you could win a crate free ! click below for a preview . bbsoda - coming soon to a tv screen near you . . . http : / / capitalfm . com / bbsoda / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement bid for charity in the run up to easter weekend , capital fm is building up fundraising activity for the annual help a london child appeal . as part of the activity , we have put together some fantastic auction packages which you can bid online for . these include hospitality at crystal palace fc and london scottish rugby club , trips to see the big breakfast and a very special double platinum award , as presented to b * witched , signed by the band . all of the money bid by you will go to help a london child , thanks in advance for your continued support . you can bid on any of these items and more by visiting : http : / / www . qxl . com / vendors / radio / halc / halc . shtml _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement you want to be a winner ? the competition zone - where everyone should go and where many have gone before . . . free holidays , cinema tickets , beer , beverages and weekend breaks . you still here ? well click below now and enter one of the fabulous competitions with prizes just waiting to be won . http : / / capitalfm . com / compzone / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",1
  408,""""Subject: adv : """""""" free download """""""" register your web site on over 800 + search engines """""""" instanly """"""""
   
   this is a responsible email being sent by k . m . a . 4401 vineland road , orlando fl 32811 tel . ( 407 ) 422-6784 . email remove @ mrmailer . com the above statement complies with section 301 requirements relating to transmissions of unsolicited commercial electronic mail . to remove your name from our mailing list immediately , please refer to the statement at the bottom of this message . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = """""""" free download """""""" . register your web site to over 800 + search engines """""""" instantly """""""" . version # 4 . 3b just released i would like to inform you about a new , and exciting award winning product that will save you both countless hours , and increase your exposure on the internet immeasurably ! known as the submission wizard , our program offers web users such as yourself the ability to automatically submit your site to over 800 + search engines in just one session . select from different categories , even countries , the choice is yours . the submission process is very simple , efficient , and most importantly , fast . all you do is provide standard site information ( i . e . site name , address , description , and a few well chosen keywords ) . the submission wizard takes this information and changes it into the format required by each different engine , then registers your web site . it 's that simple ! in addition , the wizard 's database of search engines and directories is constantly being updated every week , thus giving your site fresh and relevant exposure . also , the wizard allows you to register multiple url 's . just imagine the possibilities ! take charge of your web exposure . try out the submission wizard demo free by following the provided hyperlink . we know you ' ll be as excited about it as we are ! for your free download visit our site at http : / / www . powersubmitter . com = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = promoteone . . . get to # 1 on the search engines new publication . one of the most frequently asked questions is , """""""" how do i get my site listed to the top of the search engines ? """""""" ( i . e . , yahoo , excite , infoseek , webcrawler , hotbot , lycos , & altavista ) here is the answer : now available is """""""" the step by step guide to successfully promoting a web site , """""""" which has been designed to teach you everything you need to know about each of the major search engines . this information is valuable to know before you request search engines to add your web site to . by combining the information you learn from """""""" the guide """""""" and by using the incredible power and flexibility of submission wizard to actually list your web site , you are well on your way to making the investment in a web presence pay off . what most people do n't realize when they try to list their web site with search engines is that each one has it 's own way of doing things . what you know ahead of time could make the difference between finding your site or not . for more information on this book please visit http : / / www . powersubmitter . com and go to our link marked """""""" how to get to the top of the search engines . """""""" for further details . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = thank you for your time , and good luck with your web promotion . d . reynolds customer services . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - we are currently consolidating our many mailing lists and need to update our databases . our records indicate that you may have inquired in the past . if this is not the case , please reply with """""""" remove """""""" in the subject field to never receive email offers from this vendor .
  """",1
  409,""""Subject: free copy of """""""" selling it products to the government marketplace """"""""
   
   hi , over 100 , 000 sales professionals have read our informative white paper report """""""" selling it products and services to the government marketplace """""""" . this is a free report . there are no ifs , ands or buts , it 's free . now i ' m announcing the completion of the updated and new report . just call me at 1-800 - 537-3786 and receive information on how to get the report on the internet within 5 minutes , at no cost and no obligation . i hope you enjoy it . feel free to forward this message to other interested parties . thank you , john raymond executive vice president ps : my research shows that this information is of interest to you . if you prefer , place """""""" remove """""""" in the subject line and you will be promptly removed . sorry for the inconvenience .
  """",1
  410,""""Subject: we created this just for you !
   
   a vacation just for you ! to the most exotic place on earth . . . . . . florida ! special online promotional vacation package is brought to you for a limited time only , so don ' t wait ! vist our website now for more information on price and package info . ( sorry , offer not available to travel agents for resale ) offer now available world wide ! ! ! for full details go to : http : / / 3438189349 / ak2 / pic73 / trip . html for removal from our mailing list please go to : http : / / 3438189349 / ak2 / pic73 / removepage . html
  """",1
  411,""""Subject: financial freedom while your sleeping
   
   dear achiever , are you interested in a new online business ? a new company has put together a very unique and powerful high - tech on-line recruiting system . this system is so powerful it is protected under u . s . copyright laws . you have never seen a powerful high tech recruiting system like this ! sign up new members direct from your own state-of - the-art free web site . your time is valuable so i ' ll be direct and to the point : you have - no products to sell . - no personal sponsoring required . - no meetings . - no distributor kits to buy . - free internet web site ! - automated online recruiter . - commited upline . - one customer - you ! if you do nothing it will happen . if you do something it will happen even faster ! for more information , send e-mail to : 1hottbiz @ angelfire . com and put """""""" interested """""""" in the subject . you will receive more free information by return mail . thanks for bearing with me . i do believe that this information is worth it ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ this message was composed using extractor pro ' 98 bulk e - mail software . if you wish to be removed from this advertiser 's future mailings , please reply with the subject """""""" remove """""""" and this software will automatically block you from their future mailings .
  """",1
  412,""""Subject: scitech international , inc . - your resource for scientific , engineering and technical software
   
   hello , welcome to scitech international , your source for more than 2 , 000 of the most popular and some of the most obscure tools for scientific , engineering , education , and technical computing . if you wish to be removed from this list , please let us know immediately . we would be happy to do so . whether you ' re interested in astronomy or zoology , we can almost guarantee that you ' ll find at least one tool that will satisfy your needs . please check out our web site : http : / / www . scitechint . com you can browse our web site and do full text keyword searches of all the information in our product database . some products can be purchased online . we have over 100 different downloadable demos on our site to help you to make the right choice for your applications . if you can't find a product - or if you find the choice overwhelming - be sure to drop us an e-mail to info @ scitechint . com , or pick up the phone ( 7 : 00 am to 6 : 00 pm u . s . central time ) and call our technical sales department for help at 1 . 773 . 486 . 9191 ( international ) or 1 . 888 . 462 . 6232 ( domestic ) . we ' re not trying to win any awards for the most fun or exciting web site . what we are trying to do is to build the ultimate database information about the best scientific and engineering software products available , and keep it up-to - date . if you are a scientist , engineer , or educator , be sure to bookmark the scitech internet catalog today . one final word about scitech . we do n't write software or manufacture hardware - service is our product . our goal , plain and simple , is to get you the right product , quickly , at the best price . best regards , christian staudinger senior product manager scitech international , inc . phone : 773-486 9191 / ext . 252 web : http : / / www . scitechint . com
  """",1
  413,""""Subject: adv : y2k . . . pristine , remote wilderness acreage .
   
   the perfect get-a - way is just a click away . . . http : / / www . envst100 . com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - note : we mail to people whom we feel are interested in what we have to offer and do not allow anyone else to use our list . once in a while we ' ll notify you of web sites , products , services and promotions that could be of special interest to you . we respect your right to privacy . if you do not wish to receive these notices and prefer never to hear from us , simply click on the link provided and put remove in the subject line mailto : tmedia1 @ idmail . com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - error - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",1
  414,""""Subject: the inside scoop !
   
   this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - australia - chris tarrant and crew down under . - geri - hear the new single ! - beautiful south - we take you to the gig . - dj winner - we have one lucky winner who will meet a dj . - another level - win tickets , special offers and live review . - backstreet boys - end of the century record . - the cardigans - win tickets and pick up some good deals . - martin collins - takes you on a video tour . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - australia - chris tarrant and crew down under . the breakfast show are in australia . follow their antics and enter to win a trip to the biggest millennium party ever - right in sydney harbour . - geri - hear the new single ! the 5th former spice is back and her new single is called ' look at me ' . be the first to hear it by listening to the breakfast show on friday the 16th . but if you miss it , you can always check it out on the site later that day . - beautiful south - we take you to the gig . another installment of our live reviews series . this time beautiful south are playing live and we ' ll be right there . - dj winner - we have one lucky winner who will meet a dj ! we ' ve been running a series with dj tips on how to make it to the top . next week we ' ll announce the lucky winner who will sit in during a show in our studios . find out if you ' re the lucky one ! - another level - win tickets ! another level are finally playing live and you could be there in person ! come to the site for your chance to win ! - backstreet boys - end of the century record . they are back to rule the end of the century with ' millennium ' . the first single from the album is out now and we have all the inside info on the boys . - the cardigans - win tickets and pick up some good deals . the swedish band are in london and we have tickets to give away for their gig at the albert hall . do n't miss out on your chance to be there in person . - martin collins - takes you on a video tour . martin collins will take you around the home of capital radio , leicester square . now a tourist mecca , the square has gone through some drastic changes over the years . make sure to tune in and get your personal tour . all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement an interview with bill gates [ . tv ] invites you to spend an hour with bill gates on saturday 17th april at 7 . 00pm . join us for an exclusive interview with the founder of the microsoft empire . to find out about this and other [ . tv ] programmes visit the website of ' the technology channel ' @ http : / / www . tvchannel . co . uk * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement the chance in a millennium ! you could win the chance to be in sydney for the biggest millennium party ever ! a week in sydney and then a week up the gold coast taking in the atmosphere ( and fosters lager of course ) . so what are you waiting for ? find the hidden treasure and you could be aboard a cathay pacific flight for the party of a lifetime ! ! http : / / capitalfm . com / fostralia1 / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement how much would you pay . . . . . . for a boyzone album signed by the band ? time to empty the piggy bank and grab this exclusive piece of pop memorabilia now ! this signed album is only on offer until friday 16th april . click on the qxl icon in the right hand toolbar and get bidding . all the money goes to help a london child . http : / / capitalfm . com / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advertisement ruck and roll is here to stay ! as the rugby world cup gets closer by the second and the teams 's crum down ' for the biggest rugby event of the year , scrum . com has the latest on the greatest . with all the information every rugby fan / player needs to know , scrum . com gears up for the biggest tournament yet ! click the link below and keep in touch . . . http : / / www . scrum . com /
  """",1
  415,""""Subject: junk mail : books for linguists
   
   plurabelle books has a new catalogue of second hand and out of print books in linguistics and history of linguistics available . it contains 250 titles . please ask for your free copy of the catalogue ( please include your mailing address if you want a paper copy ) or visit us on the net http : / / www . plurabelle . co . uk / lingu . htm or write to dr michael cahn plurabelle books 77 garden walk cambridge cb4 3ew tel 0044 - 1223 - 366680 , fax - 571105 lingu @ plurabelle . co . uk we only sell books we would like to read open anytime at http : / / www . plurabelle . co . uk
  """",1
  416,""""Subject: adv : get paid to surf the net ! ( 8820 )
   
   earn while you learn ! call toll - free 1-877 - 271-4562 authorization code : lb100 we are looking for people who would like to get paid for starting their own business on the world wide web . if you are like millions of other families , you have already considered making money on the internet , but were afraid to spend $ 3000 . 00 to $ 4000 . 00 just to get started ! the simple truth is , as one of the fastest growing internet service providers ( isp ) on the web , we get paid for generating traffic . the more traffic , the more money , more traffic , more money and so on . you pick the business you would like to start , and we will provde all the tools and secrets to earning the kind of money you have only heard about . if you do n't have a business in mind , we have one for you ! we pay 15 % to 75 % for every referral you generate ? did you know most poeple want to sit at their computer and earn money ? do you know anyone , who would n't work for themselves if the money were right ? do you know anyone who does n't have less than $ 100 . 00 to start his or her own busness ? the internet is still just in the infancy stage , where anything will sell with the right marketing strategies . our program is specifically designed for beginners , looking for step-by - step instruction for internet profits ! you get : free internet access ( up to 56k connection ) free web site and hosting ( s ) free html and cgi programs for custom built sites ! free programs and software ! plus free advertising for the next 12 months . now here is the key : knowledge is the key to success , which is why you receive all of these products and services for free ! all you pay is $ 97 . 00 which will include the next 12 strategies , marketing solutions , and personal consultation . while the internet changes very quickly , so does the effectiveness of your advertising efforts , although some secrets remain constant , certainly the most important protocols do change . this could mean the difference between being listed as # 1 to # 32 , 567 on the search engines . have you ever seen # 32 , 567 on the search engines ? well , neither does anyone else ! the real question : """""""" are you willing to spend thirty minutes a day workin for yurself ? """""""" we are so confident you will start earning immediate income , we gurarantee it . if you are not earning income within the first 45 days of using this program , return everything with the first 60 days to recive a complete refund . you have nothing to lose , and everything to gain . tor order call toll-free 1-877 - 271-4562 live operators are waiting to take your call in interested in becoming a distributor , call toll-free 1-888 - 883-7086 . save the trees ! advertise via email - - the way to the new millenium delete with one easy keystroke . thank you ! this mailing is being done by an independent advertising company . we apologize if this message has reached you in errorclick here to be removed * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 90397
  """",1
  417,""""Subject: welcome to jokes internet magazine - cn : 80924609220
   
   confirmation number : 80924609220 if you wish to subscribe to jokes free daily ezine please press reply and then send for confirmation ( please make sure you leave the confirmation line : """""""" confirmation number : [ number ] """""""" above in the email ! ! ) the above confirmation number line ( including the label confirmation number : ) must be left in the return message for our robot to process . if you have signed up in error or someone else has attemped to sign you up , please either ignore this email or type """""""" cancel """""""" in the subject heading of a reply to this message and press send . you will then be removed from our records . you should receive your first issue shortly . enter the jokes4u $ 100 , 000 sweepstakes and you can be that much richer ! ! ! hurry up and enter today before the big drawing ! ! ! no purchase necessary - no strings attached ! ! ! http : / / www . jokes4u . com / sweepstakes . html http : / / www . jokes4u . com / sweepstakes . html note you will never be charged for jokes4u , and we will never give or sell your address to anyone . please note by replying to this message you are agreeing with our disclaimer : jokes4u is not liable for the content in each issue . you should be of mature age in order to receive this ezine ! please note . this confirmation was sent because it was requested by someone at ip : 141 . 85 . 99 . 7 claiming to be you . if you did not ask to subscribe to this magazine then please email abuse @ jokes4u . com . regards john jokes4u magazine
  """",1
  418,""""Subject: april vip specials from legend micro , inc .
   
   vip customer specials - april 20 legend micro inc . toll free - 1-800 - 745-4945 3200 south arlington road local - 330-644 - 7955 akron , oh 44312 fax - 330-645 - 7183 http : / / www . legendmicro . com / email - sales @ legendmicro . com * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * april vip specials * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * cybervision c70 17 """""""" monitors - 3 year warranty - $ 219 save $ 10 off of regular retail web price . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - phoenix voodoo banshee 16mb 3d video cards - $ 89 save $ 10 off of regular retail web price . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - motherboard kits save $ 15 off of regular retail web price . bcm 440bx atx motherboard w / processor and 64mb pc100 memory . intel celeron intel pentium ii 366mhz $ 259 350mhz $ 339 400mhz $ 289 400mhz $ 449 intel pentium iii 450mhz $ 614 500mhz $ 839 shuttle hot591p at motherboard w / processor and 64mb pc100 memory . amd k6 - 2 350 $ 224 amd k6 - 2 400 $ 254 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - please mention this email special when ordering to recieve this special vip pricing
  """",1
  419,""""Subject: you have been asked to join bancuri
   
   the list owner of : """""""" bancuri """""""" has invited you to join their mailing list at listbot . you must reply to this message to join the list . = = simply reply with a blank message to join . = = the list owner has included the following welcome message : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = vrei sa primesti in fiecare zi un e-mail cu cel mai tare banc al zilei ? tot ce trebuie sa faci , este sa te inscrii la lista de bancuri a celui mai tare site in domeniu : http : / / bancuri . hypermart . net vrei sa razi ? vrei sa te simti bine ? esti trist ? ti se pare ca nimic nu merge cum trebuie ? vino la adresa de mai sus si nu vei regreta . tarif 3 zambete / minut . web master = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = this verification message is used to confirm that we are able to send you mail , and protects you in case someone forges a subscription request in your name . if you believe this was a forged subscription request , ignore this message and you will not be added to the mailing list . if you are having problems using the reply function in your e-mail client , the address to respond to is : v - 8ea7f93f5be42d59 @ listbot . com listbot puts you in control , letting you manage all of your list subscriptions from a single web site . visit http : / / www . listbot . com / cgi-bin / subscriber if you wish to unsubscribe or manage your list subscription for this or other listbot lists . visit this list 's home page at : http : / / bancuri _ glume . listbot . com thanks ! sincerely , the listbot team part of the linkexchange family at http : / / www . linkexchange . com /
  """",1
  420,""""Subject: a vacation just for you !
   
   for full details go to : http : / / 3480473412 / web22b5f / trip . html to the most exotic place on earth . . . . . . florida ! special online promotional vacation package isbrought to you for a limited time only , so don ' t wait ! vist our website now for more information on price and package info . ( sorry , offer not available to travel agents for resale ) offer now available world wide ! ! ! for full details go to : http : / / 3480473412 / web22b5f / trip . html
  """",1
  421,""""Subject: new at capitalfm . com
   
   this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - fierce - the hottest r&b girls chat online next wednesday . - texas - a massive competition and awesome bargains . - hot offers - save a fortune on the newest releases . - another level - we report from their soulful live shows . - wired for sound - we surf for the best music on the web . - winning lines - win mariah carey videos in our weekly comp . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - fierce - the hottest r&b girls chat online next wednesday . the newest r&b sensation are already hitting the charts with their second single ' dayz like that ' and the trio will be here at 6 . 30pm on wednesday 5th may to chat live . get your searching questions ready for the friendly fierce and pop in ! - texas - a massive competition and awesome bargains . their much anticipated new album ' the hush ' is out soon and we ' ve got a texas extravaganza to celebrate . you could win signed copies or a mysteriously spectacular first prize , pre-order the album for only 11 . 99 and pick up their classics from only 7 . 99 . - hot offers - save a fortune on the newest releases . it 's a great week to pick up some bargains , as we round up the latest albums from 11 . 99 . scoop up new music from the likes of the pretenders , ace of bass , electronic and ben folds five or check out our parade of the best compilation albums . - another level - we report from their soulful live shows . it 's hard to believe , but the guys get more sexy and swinging with each new release . having offered you the chance to win tickets to their concerts we report back on the event so no one misses out . - wired for sound - we surf for the best music on the web . we crank up the volume and track down what 's hot on the musical web . from realaudio to mp3 , from alanis morissette to the beastie boys , we root out exclusive sounds and the future of music . - winning lines - win mariah carey videos in our weekly comp . every week we have a new set of lyrics for you to ponder . if you can tell us which song they come from you could win a wonderful prize . in our prize cupboard right now are mariah carey videos and dvds and they could be yours . all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement cash chaos today at www . beeb . com * win every hour * """""""" congratulations , you are the lucky winner of 500 this hour in cash chaos at beeb . com """""""" . to be in with a chance of receiving this email make sure you go to www . beeb . com from 12pm - 9pm wednesday 28th april . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement the latest on the greatest with uefa and mastercard keep a close eye on the uefa champions league site and check out the latest news on the games , teams and players . don t miss out on the greatest football spectacular in europe . click below now ! http : / / capitalfm . com / mastercard / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement you want to be a winner ? the competition zone - where everyone should go and where many have gone before . . . free holidays , cinema tickets , beer , beverages and weekend breaks . you still here ? well click below now and enter one of the fabulous competitions with prizes just waiting to be won . http : / / capitalfm . com / compzone / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",1
  422,""""Subject: re : major acquisition !
   
   company : mark i industries symbol : mkii price : 7 / 8 ( $ . 875 / share ) mkii will be completing the acquisition of a major restaurant franchise system with over 40 units . management projects a $ 100 million revenue goal with """""""" the company 's stock to trade in the $ 4 range . """""""" mkii is rated an immediate and """""""" strong buy """""""" . * click on the following website address or cut and paste it into your website browser : http : / / money . go . com / quote ? ticker = mkii
  """",1
  423,""""Subject: webmining
   
   free white paper on data mining web data : http : / / www . webminer . com / paper . htm
  """",1
  424,""""Subject: angels - sent to serve mankind
   
   learn to put angels to work ! angels are another race of beings occupying the same space and time as mankind . you can command angels to keep your children safe , to cause money to come into your hands , to protect your property , and to protect you from disease and disaster ! you may find this hard to believe , but i can prove it ! angels are exceedingly strong and of superior intelligence . their history and present mission are plainly described in the bible . they will serve and protect you , but you must take a few minutes to learn how to put them to work . to receive , via e-mail , secrets of putting angels to work in your life , send $ 4 . 00 ( cash , check or money order ) to northeastern associates , po box 278 , woburn , ma 01801 . please include a slip of paper along with your $ 4 . 00 requesting secrets of putting angels to work in your life and including your name , e-mail address and street address ( in case the e-mail should bounce for some reason ) . you owe it to yourself , and to your family , to understand and to put into practice the secrets of putting angels to work in your life ! these secrets have radically improved the life of everyone who has dared to put them into practice !
  """",1
  425,""""Subject: lucky you !
   
   congratulations ! you ' ve been selected to enter for a vacation adventure to florida ! for a limited time we bring to you the vacation of a lifetime to promote tourism in florida ! and you ' re the lucky one who might get to take it ! do n't waste time wondering if you ' ll make it , just go for it ! not everyone who registers will qualify ! all names are kept confidential , and never sold in lists . click below to secure your name today ! http : / / 3498702899 / travel22 pleasen reply to : mailto : remlst @ 2bmail . co . uk to be removed from this list ! have a great day !
  """",1
  426,""""Subject: review any book , pc or mac software pgm , consumer products and keep them !
   
   we are celebrating our 50th issue of our inet reviews newsletter inet reviews weekly news brief may 7 , 1999 contents : oklahomans pick up the pieces , count the cost book , software , & consumer product reviewers needed top on-line editions of national magazines best seller book list some interesting articles in on-line magazines hot web sites , topics & trends webmaster free link offer need marketing reps - use your computer to earn referral income new web camera site this is a trial issue of our free opt-in weekly newsletter . the purpose of this eclectic newsletter is to alert you to interesting news and information on the web . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - item # 01 : inet reviews needs book , software , consumer product and movie reviewers . you may request any product to review and we have the publisher or manufacturer ship it to your home at no charge . you write a brief review and post it to our web site and you keep the review title . we also need individuals to receive free movie review passes to your local theater to review new movies . for your free reviewer information kit please reply to this email message or to karicohen @ iname . com with the words starter 507b in the message subject line . lead stories oklahomans pick up the pieces , count the cost death toll could double ; survivors sift through rubble and get ready to rebuild | photo essay www . time . com shadow in the shallows the navy 's next nuclear submarine will lurk stealthily offshore , using advanced sensors and weaponry to attack land targets . and it does n't need a periscope www . popsci . com if you like this article , you must read sherry sontag 's blind man 's bluff - the untold story of american submarine espionage . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - item # 02 : top on-line editions of national magazines . time magazine www . time . com fortune magazine www . fortune . com business week www . businessweek . com people magazine www . people . com popular science www . popsci . com usa today www . usatoday . com visit these great magazine sites and bookmark them . check each every few days and save yourself a ton of money by not buying them from the newsstand . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - item # 03 www . amazon . com best seller list - fiction 1 . the girl who loved tom gordon by stephen king 2 . a new song by jan karon 3 . hart 's war : a novel by john katzenbach 4 . the best american short stories of the century by john updike ( introduction ) , et al 5 . bittersweet by danielle steel as a reviewer for inet reviews you may request any book and keep it after you post a brief review to our web site . inet reviews is one of the largest review web sites on the internet . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - item # 04 - interesting articles on the web how the internet hits big music www . fortune . com addicted to sex - www . fortune . com unmasking black holes jean - pierre lasota evidence for black holes was until recently all circumstantial . distinguishing them at a distance from other highly compact , gravitationally massive bodies such as neutron stars is inherently problematic . now astronomers may have direct proof : energy is vanishing from volumes of space without a trace . scientific american http : / / www . sciam . com / 1999 / 0599issue / 0599gonzalez . html - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - item # 05 : hot web sites , trends & topics go to www . hotbot . com they have an mpc search engine . way ahead of the other search engines in this area . mp3 is the fastest growing segment of the web site . what is mp3 ? this is a new file compression that is the standard for compressing music on the internet . it gives you near cd - quality music that you can download . the music publishers hate it with a passion are trying to do everything they can to squash it . so you must get a inexpensive cd-rom writer ( $ 199 after rebate at www . compusa . com ) and start downloading your favorite tunes and making your own mix a copy them down to your own cd . i have a cable modem and can download them fast and have currently created 15 audio cd 's with my favorite tunes . no longer do you have to lay out $ 15 for a cd to get one good song and 11 other fillers . if you have a neat web site that you wish to share with our readers , send it to kristen @ fastermail . com with the single word webpick in the message subject line and the name of the web site and the exact url or web site address in the message body . we will give you a byline under your pick if we use it in an issue of this newsletter . webmasters only : we will pay you a $ 3 . 00 referral fee and put your link on three of our very high traffic web sites . reply to this email with the word uplink in the message subject line . we will email you the complete details . earn referral income with your home computer we have a referral program where you can use your home computer to generate significant monthly referral income . reply to this email with the single word income in the message subject line . we will send you complete information . new web cam site firm is placing a web cam in the homes of three young women . this is not an xxx site but just a web cam site . if you would like a free preview please reply to this email message with the word hidden in the message subject line . we will email you instructions on how to get your free preview . if you cannot reply to our email message for any reason , please send a sase to inet reviews , 6050 peachtree parkway , suite 240-238 , norcross , ga 30092 , attn : starter kit desk . your free review starter kit will be mailed the day we receive your self addressed stamped envelope . * * * * * * * * * * * * * end of inet reviews * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this is an opt-in short weekly newsletter designed to alert you to some mainstream news aspects of the internet and an eclectic mix of interesting web topics , trends & topics . to be removed from our email database please email a message to karicohen @ iname . com with the single word remove in the message subject line . our software will remove your email address from our database . this is an opt-in newsletter trial issue . we do add all remove request to our local remove database .
  """",1
  427,""""Subject: stock market information for you
   
   sender : trinity ventures , inc . address : 1911 westmead # 2710 , houston , tx 7707 call or fax toll free : 877-393 - 7237 hours : 9 am to 5 pm cst hi , we received your e-mail address as someone who is interested in stock market information . this e-mail is for informational purposes only . it is not an offer to sell or solicit securities . if you do not wish to receive this type of information , please click on """""""" reply """""""" and put """""""" remove """""""" in the subject . we will permanently remove your address from our database . to get more news and to help with your due diligence on abrg , go to www . yahoo . com and click on """""""" stock quotes """""""" . then put abrg in the symbol lookup area and click on """""""" get quotes """""""" . happy investing ! - dean casias president trinity ventures , inc . news release ambra resources group inc . # 610-800 west pender street vancouver , b . c . canada v6c 2v6 symbol abrg ( otc : bb ) acquisition of venture oil & gas , inc . by ambra resources group inc . adds new projects for ambra vancouver , british columbia - may 4 , 1999 ambra resources group inc . ( otc bb : abrg ) , has acquired 50 % ownership of venture oil & gas , inc . ambra will become a 50 % owner in the properties and projects in which venture has an interest . the consideration for ambra 's purchase of 50 % of the capital stock of venture inc . will be one million shares of ambra common stock . as part of this acquisition , venture will assign to ambra , 50 % of its interest in the bastian bay field prospect , state lease """""""" 9800 """""""" no . 1 well , in plaquemines parish , louisiana . additional projects will be assigned to ambra by venture as ambra shall have the right at any time to request assignments of 50 % of any or all interests retained by venture in various projects . the primary business of ventures inc . is to acquire oil and gas properties on which re-mediation or re-completion work will result in enhanced recovery rates that will bring the wells back to commercial production . current economic conditions in the petroleum industry facilitate the acquisition of very good properties which larger producing companies have declared as surplus properties . ambra and venture inc . are in the favorable position of being able to acquire such properties while the inventory of such offerings is at high levels . venture is currently negotiating the acquisition of multiple oil and gas projects in texas , louisiana and oklahoma , which the parties anticipate will add significantly to ambra 's resource base of productive projects . by the board of directors john m . hickey , president contact : ambra resources group inc . investor relations : 800-698 - 3377 or 604-669 - 2723 web site : http : / / www . ambraresources . com this release is for informational purposes only . it is not an offer to sell or solicit securities or products of any kind . this release may include information that could constitute forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provision of the private securities litigation reform act of 1995 . any such forward-looking statements may involve risk and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from any future results encompassed within the forward-looking statements . the materials are provided by ambra resources group inc . on an """""""" as is """""""" basis . ambra resources group inc . expressly disclaims any and all warranties , expressed or implied , including without limitation , warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose , with respect to the service or any materials and products . in no event shall ambra resources group inc . be liable for any direct , indirect , incidental , punitive or consequential damages of any kind whatsoever with respect to the service , the materials and the products . trinity ventures , inc . has received a fee of $ 5 , 000 to distribute this document . if you would like to permanently remove your e-mail address from our files call or fax us toll free at 877-393 - 7237 ; or just click on """""""" reply """""""" and put """""""" remove """""""" in the subject .
  """",1
  428,""""Subject: lucky you !
   
   congratulations ! you ' ve been selected to enter for a vacation adventure to florida ! for a limited time we bring to you the vacation of a lifetime to promote tourism in florida ! and you ' re the lucky one who might get to take it ! do n't waste time wondering if you ' ll make it , just go for it ! not everyone who registers will qualify ! all names are kept confidential , and never sold in lists . click below to secure your name today ! http : / / members . xoom . com / 278549 pleasen reply to : mailto : mailinbox88 @ usa . net to be removed from this list ! have a great day !
  """",1
  429,""""Subject: new on capitalfm . com
   
   this is new at http : / / capitalfm . com - extravaganza 1999 - keep up to date with the action . - win notting hill tix - you could be at a special preview ! - live music - all the best gigs from boyzone to the beasties . - s club 7 - get the lowdown on the multimedia sensation . - new singles - this week 's hottest few minutes of new music . - westlife - we put the freshest boy band under the spotlight . - capitalfm . com shop - the very newest and best bargains . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - extravaganza 1999 - keep up to date with the action . between may 29th and june 1st , earls court will be jam-packed with the best bands , top djs , awesome activities , the most fun technology and the latest styles . book your tickets online and keep up with the latest info . - win notting hill tix - you could be at a special preview ! it 's the latest movie from the ' four weddings and a funeral ' team and you could be seeing hugh grant and julia roberts on the big screen before anyone else ! win tickets to an exclusive preview next thursday . - live music - all the best gigs from boyzone to the beasties . you might not be able to make it to every top concert , but we keep you up to speed with the latest gig reviews . this week we ' ve brought you the beastie boys and beautiful south and next week boyzone take to the stage for the hits tour . - s club 7 - get the lowdown on the multimedia sensation . their debut single ' bring it all back ' is out next month , they ' re already on our tvs in ' miami 7 ' and that 's just the beginning . we find out what else is in store for s club 7 . - new singles - this week 's hottest few minutes of new music . every week we round up the latest slices of pure pop to see which cds make us jump up and dance and which make us jump up and run to the ' stop ' button . this week jamiroquai , garbage , chemical brothers and hepburn take the test . - westlife - we put the freshest boy band under the spotlight . we test the limits of our under the spotlight hotseat by squeezing ronan 's youthful fivesome into it . it coped fine with 911 , so if it can stand the strain westlife will endure our searching questions . - capitalfm . com shop - the very newest and best bargains . * you can always get hold of the very latest albums including suede 's ' head music ' and the ' star wars : episode i ' soundtrack for just 11 . 99 each , with uk delivery just 1 for any size order ! . * even better , you can also pre-order forthcoming albums for delivery on the day of release . right now there 's the ' notting hill ' soundtrack ( released 24 / 5 / 99 ) and boyzone 's first ever greatest hits album ' by request ' ( out on 31 / 5 / 99 ) , both at 11 . 99 . * and finally , the song that 's taking the country by storm : ' everybody 's free to wear sunscreen ' comes from baz luhrmann 's new album ' something for everybody ' . you can pre-order this now at 12 . 99 for delivery on the release date , 14 / 6 / 99 . http : / / capitalfm . com / shop all this and much , much more at http : / / capitalfm . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement tune in to technology [ . tv ] - the first and only technology channel in the uk , brings you it news and analysis , products and services , testing and appraising , tutorials , games , gadgets and gizmos , digital culture , the internet , educational issues and troubleshooting . to find out more visit the [ . tv ] website @ http : / / www . tvchannel . co . uk or call 0990 10 20 30 [ . tv ] - television for the 21st century _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement why wait ? experience it now ! read star wars : episode i the phantom menace available now from bol . com , the new british bookshop on the internet . save 40 % , just 9 . 59 . click link to buy ! http : / / www . uk . bol . com / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement the latest on the greatest with uefa and mastercard keep a close eye on the uefa champions league site and check out the latest news on the games , teams and players . don t miss out on the greatest football spectacular in europe . click below now ! http : / / capitalfm . com / mastercard / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ advertisement you want to be a winner ? the competition zone - where everyone should go and where many have gone before . . . free holidays , cinema tickets , beer , beverages and weekend breaks . you still here ? well click below now and enter one of the fabulous competitions with prizes just waiting to be won . http : / / capitalfm . com / compzone / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",1
  430,""""Subject: submit 600
   
   this is not spam ; you are receiving this message because you are a member of a safemail list . if you do not wish to be a part of this listclick here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if you want your site to be found submit 600 is definitely for you your web site is of little use unless it can be found by those who might be interested in it . submit your web site to up to 600 different search engines and directories . guaranteed submission to the major search engines including : alta vista aol netfind excite hotbot infoseek lycos , magellan northernlight planet search web crawler yahoo ! netscape snap . com save yourself time and trouble and promote your web site using submit600 today ! ! ! there are more than 40 million web sites and 400 million web pages with more being added every day . thus , today it is more challenging than ever for your site to be easily found . if you want your site to be found click here if have trouble logging on to our url please email us requesting information regarding submit 600 click here
  """",1
  431,""""Subject: submit 600
   
   this is not spam ; you are receiving this message because you are a member of a safemail list . if you do not wish to be a part of this listclick here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if you want your site to be found submit 600 is definitely for you your web site is of little use unless it can be found by those who might be interested in it . submit your web site to up to 600 different search engines and directories . guaranteed submission to the major search engines including : alta vista aol netfind excite hotbot infoseek lycos , magellan northernlight planet search web crawler yahoo ! netscape snap . com save yourself time and trouble and promote your web site using submit600 today ! ! ! there are more than 40 million web sites and 400 million web pages with more being added every day . thus , today it is more challenging than ever for your site to be easily found . if you want your site to be found click here if have trouble logging on to our url please email us requesting information regarding submit 600 click here
  """",1
  432,""""Subject: i can ' t stand it ! ! ! ! ! ! !
   
   dear internet user : dear internet user : sound familiar ? you = 92re relaxing in front of your tv , enjoying your f = avorite program when all of a sudden it cuts to a screaming voice and = booming music of some commercial that makes your hair stand on end ! y = ou scramble for the remote to lower the volume . then your program returns = and you can barely hear them talking , so you grab = the remote and re-adjust the volume once again . annoying isn = 92t it ? how about when you = 92re changing channels from station to station . = some programs are loud , some you can hardly hear at all . you = 92re consta = ntly adjusting the volume = 96 up , down , up , down , up , down ! automatic television sound regulator &trade = ; - manufactured by sony tm wouldn = 92t it be great if your volume always stayed exactly whe = re you want it ? have we got good news for you ! the automati = c television sound regulator &trade ; ( """""""" tvsr """""""" ) has solved the problem . new technology breakthrough = 96 = the tvsr is a patented computerized device that fits in the palm of your = hand . easy to install . simply plug the tvsr into the jacks on the back of your tv set = and attach it to your vcr , satellite dish , cable box , or surround sound s = ystem , any combination , or all four simultaneously . simple to set = 96 once installed = , just hit the volume button on your remote control to the level that = 92s = right for you . that = 92s it ! the tvsr takes over from there . even while c = hannel surfing , when program sound levels can vary from channel to channe = l , the tvsr automatically and instantly raises or lowers audio levels to = your preset level . it is so sophisticated ; it knows the difference betwee = n a whisper and a shout , so it won = 92t interfere with dramatic moments in = your program ! you will never have to adjust your tv volum = e ever again ! even when you turn your tv set off , the tvsr is = so smart it remembers your previous setting , so when you turn your tv bac = k on , the volume remains exactly where you put it . of course , if you eve = r want to change your setting , just hit the volume button ( up or down ) on = your remote and the tvsr will instantaneously adjust to your new setting = . there = 92s nothing to lose = 96 th = e tvsr comes with one - year manufacturer = 92s warranty . try the tvsr for 60 days , risk free ! if you ar = e not completely satisfied , simply return it ( = """""""" no questions asked """""""" ) for a full refund of your purchase price = - to order click here&gt ; http : / / www . tvsr . com . we own the technology the tvsr is the only patented device of its kind worldwide = that can be added to your existing television set and auxiliary equipment = , i . e . , vcr , satellite dish , cable , surround sound , etc . manufacturers li = ke rca tm = , sony tm , zenith tm , sharp tm , and panasonic tm , just to name a few , are cu = rrently utilizing our patented technology , why spend $ 600 to $ 1 , 000 for a = new television set that incorporates our technology internally , when for = a fraction of the cost you can own the tvsr . promotional offer ( sorry , currently the tvsr is available for united states and canada r = esidents only ) order the tvsr for only $ 59 . 80 plus s&amp ; h . limited time offer ! ! ! order the tvsr withi = n the next 48 hours and get the tvs = r for $ 44 . 85 plus s&amp ; h , = that = 92s a 25 % saving ! order two or more units and receive the tvsr for = only $ 39 . 95 each plus s&a = mp ; h , plus we will give you an extra year of warranty service free on eac = h tvsr ordered ! that = 92s an additional $ 6 . 00 value per unit . once y = ou experience the tvsr you = 92ll never want to watch tv without it ! ! ! remember : there is absolutely nothing to lose = 96 60 da = y unconditional money back guarantee . click here &gt ; http : / / www . tvsr . com = to or = der the tvsr via our secure on-line shopping web site . &nbsp ; important points : for those of you with dmx systems or a multip = le cd player , the tvsr ( via the audio input / output jacks ) also works great ! we own the worldwide patent rights , that = 92s why we can of = fer you such a reasonable price . the tvsr is not available in stores . we = 92ve developed the technology ; sony &trade ; provided the manufactu = ring . thousands and thousands of tvsrs have been sold to satisfied customer = s , nationwide . sales of tvsrs are increasing dramatically everyday . we have only a limited inventory of our tvsrs available at this = promotional price . please o = rder today ! ! ! to order : visit our secure on li = ne shopping web site at click here&gt ; http = : / / www . tvsr . com or you may order by calling us at 1-800 - 235-2154 or t = o place your order by fax or mail , please print out the form at the end o = f this letter . ( all major credit cards are accepted ) . what do people have to say about their tvsr = . . . . steven taylor , private investigator , farmington , ny &quot ; upon inspection , i was surprised to find that my tv does indeed = have video in and l / r audio in . when connected as per your manual ( betwe = en the cable box and the tv ) , the tvsr works as advertised = 96 and very n = icely so ! what a great device ! &quot ; dr . frank pisano , clearwater , fl &quot ; my television sound regulator works beautiful ! prompt service = 96 = great pr . your company stands behind its product . &quot ; carl lattimer , passaic , nj &quot ; i first read about the tvsr in technology update . being a prod = uct design engineer , at first i doubted that the information presented in = the article was technically accurate . being originally form missouri , t = he show me state , i had to see for myself . i ordered one . it was easy t = o connect . believe me , you don = 92t have to have a ph . d . in engineering t = o install it ! i do a lot of channel surfing so i was the perfect person = to test it . well , i was very , very surprised at the results . when you s = ay that the &quot ; tvsr instantly increases or decreases the sound output = to a preset level&quot ; , you are not kidding . even with sophisticated ti = ming equipment , the interval with which the sound level is adjusted is so = short that the human ear can = 92t even register it ! i still can = 92t defi = ne how the tvsr functions . but who cares , as long as it works ! the negative thing about the tvsr is that i didn = 92t invent it ! &quot ; = kathy kurtis , pasadena , ca &quot ; i just had to write to you about our newest second favorite arr = ival . our first is our brand new son , kevin . he is going to be six week = s old soon . our second newest favorite is the tv sound regulator . you s = ee , kevin , like all newborns is very sensitive to noise , especially at ni = ght when it = 92s so quiet you can hear a pin drop . before we got the tv s = ound regulator i couldn = 92t watch television while i nursed him . he woul = d just have fallen asleep when one of those loud commercials would wake h = im up . then it would take forever before he fell asleep again , i would b = e sitting there rocking him to sleep . although i love my son , i was left = with nothing to do . but now , with the tv sound regulator , i can turn th = e volume so it is soft enough to lull him to sleep , and i can catch up on = watching my favorite programs too ! the vcr even records the programs wi = thout that awful volume jump each time a commercial plays ! &quot ; &quot ; ps& # 9 ; i also wanted to thank your technical support department , = when i had a question about connecting it , they were so nice and friendl = y . they walked me through the entire installation process in only a few = minutes . """""""" &quot ; lisa russo , monroe , ct &quot ; i thought i = 92d write you this short letter to let you know jus = t how pleased we are with the automatic tv sound regulator . my husband a = nd i have a three-year - old boy . believe me he is extremely active and en = ergetic . in the evening , after we have put our son to sleep , we now can = truly relax in front of our tv . in the past , before we purchased your pr = oduct , it used to be extremely annoying watching television . the commerc = ials would come on so loud that we could hardly hear ourselves think . we = would always have to turn the television down during the commercials and = up again when our show came on . your product really works ! &quot ; robert pelikan , phoenix , az &quot ; excellent product ! i customarily do not take the time to write = a letter such as this . it took me less than ten minutes to install the = tv sound regulator ( i have a tv , vcr , and satellite dish ) . this thing ac = tually works ! amazing ! also , thank you for replacing the damaged unit s = o quickly . your customer service is great ! harold j . c . ferrer , ph . d . , glendale , ca &quot ; i am a very busy psychologist . my days , often twelve-hour days = , are spent listening to emotion filled voices . because of the specializ = ed work i do , the majority of my patients are emotionally and psychologic = ally overwhelmed . their lives are out of control . they often have lost = their jobs , homes , and marriages . they are inundated by life shattering = stress . needless to say , by the end of my day , i need to relax . i need = peace and quiet . i usually channel surf for a while , until i settle in t = o watching cnn . but , until i bought a tvsr , i found myself scrambling fo = r the remote control each time a commercial was about to come on . when i = couldn = 92t reach it in time the increased commercial volume literally ma = de me jump . this is not the way to relax ! the worse stress , and stress = is always there , is the stress that we cannot control . but , with the tvs = r , i can just set the volume control to the level i want . i now know tha = t whenever an advertiser has decided that sh ! ! ! ! ! outing is the only way to get my attention , i can rest assured that i will literally have the upper hand . = i no longer feel that i am at the mercy of those blaring commercials . = at least i can now control my television ! thanks tvsr . &quot ; dave defer , bedford , oh &quot ; i just wanted to pass on this comment : the television sound re = gulator is a great device for the hearing impaired . &quot ; to review : &nbsp ; the tvsr increases and decreases television sound levels instantaneou = sly to your pre-set level , avoiding increases and decreases in sound leve = ls during commercials , program viewing , and while changing channels . the tvsr is easy to install , even for the electronically challenged . = anyone can install it in minutes . the tvsr is a computerized unit that automatically controls the sound = level of the tv set and any one , combination , or all auxiliary equipment = ( tv , vcr , cable , or satellite remote ) , that = 92s it , the tvsr takes over = from there . the tvsr is so sophisticated it understands the difference between a = whisper and a shout and automatically adjusts itself accordingly . the tvsr fits in the palm of your hand . the tvsr works great with multiple disc players , as well as dmx syste = ms . the tvsr is constructed of quality components and should last a lifet = ime , if the unit ( or ac adapter / cables included with the unit ) fails to p = erform during the first year ( during this promoti = onal offer , the warranty service period increases to tow years with the p = urchase of two or more units ) from the date of purchase it will be = replaced or repaired free of charge . we are pleased to be offering the tvsr at this reduced price . thanks = for your time and have a great day ! sincerely yours , &nbsp ; nelson crespo executive vice president international control systems , llc &nbsp ; all major credit cards accepted ! order your tvsr today ! visit our web site at = 96 click here&gt ; http : / / www . tvsr . com and order via our secure on-line shopping site . ( currently , the = tvsr is only available to united states and canadian residents . ) to order by : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; phone - 1-800 - 235-2154 & # 9 ; & # 9 ; important note - mention promotion code - tvsr2848 & # 9 ; & # 9 ; fax or mail - please print out the order form at the bottom = of this email and & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; complete all necessary blanks . & # 9 ; & # 9 ; ( credit cards only ) & # 9 ; & # 9 ; fax to : 1-800 - 498-9203 & # 9 ; & # 9 ; ( by check ) & # 9 ; & # 9 ; mail to : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; tv sound regulator & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; po box 2894 & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; maple plain , mn 55592-2894 note : to receive this promotional price , your order ( if by mail ) m = ust be postmarked within 48 hours of the date that you received this = email . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( for united states and canadian residents only ) order form regular price $ 59 . 80 each , plus s&amp ; h promotional price ( if ordered within 48 hours of this limited promotio = nal offer ) $ 44 . 85 plus s&a = mp ; h . buy two or more tvsrs within this promotional period and your p = rice is $ 39 . 95 each , plus = s&amp ; h , plus you will receive an extra year of warranty service on each = tvsr purchased free ! that = 92s an extra $ 6 . 00 value per unit ! remember , there = 92s nothing to lose , 60 day money back g = uarantee . personal information : name ( first &amp ; last ) : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . billing address : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . street : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . city : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; state : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; zip : & # = 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . country : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . mailing address ( if different ) : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . street : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . city : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; state : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; zip : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . country : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . phone : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; fax : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; email : & = # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . credit card information : & # 9 ; visa& # 9 ; & # 9 ; mastercard& # 9 ; & # 9 ; discover& # = 9 ; & # 9 ; amex name on card : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . number : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; exp . date : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . & # 9 ; & # 9 ; quantity desired : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . & # 9 ; & # 9 ; pre - shipping total : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . & # 9 ; & # 9 ; shipping and handling for one unit - $ 6 . 95 & # 9 ; & # 9 ; shipping and handling for two or more units - $ 5 . 95 & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; grand total : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; . signature : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; date ordered : & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & # 9 ; & = # 9 ; . &nbsp ;
  """",1
  433,""""Subject: re : 2 . 882 s - > np np
   
   > date : sun , 15 dec 91 02 : 25 : 02 est > from : michael < mmorse @ vm1 . yorku . ca > > subject : re : 2 . 864 queries > > wlodek zadrozny asks if there is """""""" anything interesting """""""" to be said > about the construction """""""" s > np np """""""" . . . second , > and very much related : might we consider the construction to be a form > of what has been discussed on this list of late as reduplication ? the > logical sense of """""""" john mcnamara the name """""""" is tautologous and thus , at > that level , indistinguishable from """""""" well , well now , what have we here ? """""""" . to say that ' john mcnamara the name ' is tautologous is to give support to those who say that a logic-based semantics is irrelevant to natural language . in what sense is it tautologous ? it supplies the value of an attribute followed by the attribute of which it is the value . if in fact the value of the name-attribute for the relevant entity were ' chaim shmendrik ' , ' john mcnamara the name ' would be false . no tautology , this . ( and no reduplication , either . )
  """",0
  434,""""Subject: s - > np + np
   
   the discussion of s - > np + np reminds me that some years ago i read , in a source now forgotten , a critique of some newsmagazines ' unique tendencies in writing style , most of which the writer found overly """""""" cute """""""" . one item was tersely put down as follows : """""""" time 's favorite : the colon . """""""" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lee hartman ga5123 @ siucvmb . bitnet department of foreign languages southern illinois university carbondale , il 62901 u . s . a .
  """",0
  435,""""Subject: 2 . 882 s - > np np
   
   . . . for me it 's much more restrictive than s - > np np . it 's """""""" no """""""" np pro quite an over-restriction , that .
  """",0
  436,""""Subject: gent conference
   
   """""""" for the listserv """""""" international conference 1992 second circular : february 1992 literature and the analysis of discourse with special attention to the multicultural context tuesday 8 september - friday 11 september 1992 gent university , belgium writing and reading literature , oral literary traditions , dialogic text , non-literary narratives , discourse theory , literature as social practice , etc . , etc . , etc . keynote speakers : david birch ( murdoch , australia ) martin montgomery ( strathclyde , scotland ) elinor ochs ( los angeles , usa ) statement of pala ' s aims pala 's principal aim is to encourage cooperation between scholars and teachers interested in language and / or literary studies . the interests of pala members are wide , and this is reflected in papers given at pala conferences . interests of members include : stylistics , literary theory , the teaching of language and literature , critical linguistics , pragmatics , discours analysis , textual understanding , rhetoric , narratology , semiotic approaches to text and performance , sociolinguistics , cultural studies , post-structuralist theory ; in short , any theme which has relevance to the study and teaching of language and literature and their role in society . the 1992 conference theme to highlight the currently expanding field of discours studies , the 1992 conference has as its core theme ' literature and the analysis of discourse , with special attention to the multicultural context ' . papers covering interests as wide as the processes of writing and reading literature , the analysis of dialogic text , oral literary traditions , the relationship between literary and non-literary discourse , discourse theory and literary communication as social practice have all been proposed , as well as those dealing specifically with the writing and reading of literature in a multilingual and / or multicultural context . the 1992 conference venue gent university is of the city type ; there is no campus , and university buildings are dotted around the town . conference sessions will take place in the hoveniersberg , overlooking the bovenschelde in one of the quiet parts of town . programme conference sessions will start on the morning of the wednesday and last a full three days . it is envisaged that most participants will arrive and register on the tuesday evening . our provisional programme looks like this : tuedsday 8 sept 15 . 00 onwards : registration wednesday 9 sept 08 . 30 - 09 . 30 : late registration 09 . 45 : opening of conference 10 . 00 - 18 . 00 : conference sessions 18 . 30 : pre-booked dinner 20 . 15 : drinks reception thursday 10 sept 08 . 30 - 18 . 00 : conference sessions 18 . 30 : pala agm 20 . 00 : pre-booked dinner friday 11 sept 08 . 30 - 17 . 00 : conference sessions 17 . 15 : wind-up session evening : activities to be arranged there will be continuous coffee , tea , etc . throughout the conference sessions . accommodation rooms in the vermeylen student hall of residence , a couple of hundred metres from the conference centre , are available to all participants . it is possible to book rooms for several nights either side of the conference dates . the price on the registration form includes breakfast . unfortunately , no double rooms are available . if you would prefer to stay in a hotel , we recommend the arcade hotel ( nederkouter , 9000 gent ; tel . 32-91 - 25 . 07 . 07 ) , which is only 10 minutes ' walk from the conference centre . alternatively , you can contact the gent tourist office ( meersstraat 138 , 9000 gent ; tel . 32-91 - 25 . 35 . 55 ) . food breakfast will be served in the overpoort , the university eating complex next door to the vermeylen . lunch and supper is also available there to conference participants , as are snacks throughout the day . there will be no single ' conference dinner ' as such , but to make it easier for participants to meet each other , we are arranging dinners for both wednesday and thursday evenings in the university restaurant . these have to be pre-booked . staying in gent gent ( population around 230 , 000 ) is a historic flemish city , the first in europe to declare itself independent of feudal control . it has a plethora of medieval vistas and bridges and is thus entitled to compete with bruges and amsterdam for the title of ' venice of the north ' . it is also a busy industrial city and the commercial and administrative centre for east flanders . the first language is flemish / dutch ( depending on one 's sociolinguistic viewpoint ) but nearly every-body can use both english and french with at least some degree of fluency . there are numerous restaurants , cafes and pubs near the conference area ( including two good vegetarian restaurants ) , many of which stay open well into the small hours . prices are cheap by northern european standards . for those wishing to combine the conference with a visit to gent and the surrounding area , you may like to know that a train can take you in less than an hour to bruges , brussels , antwerp or the belgian coast . you can even get into the ardennes or to paris within a few hours . registration / queries to attend the conference , fill in the registration form and return it , with payment , by 1st may . confirmation of registration and details of arrangements will be sent in the third circular to those who have registered , but if you have any enquiries , contact jim o'driscoll or stef slembrouck at seminarie voor engelse taalkunde , universiteit gent , rozier 44 , b-9000 gent , belgium ( tel : 32-91 - 64 . 37 . 88 / 89 / 90 ; fax : 32-91 - 64 . 41 . 95 ; e-mail pala92 @ engllang . rug . ac . be ) . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * pala 92 gent university registration form surname _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name ( s ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i will participate in the conference and enclose a eurocheque ( or have arranged direct transfer to the pala account in belgium ) to cover : ( tick as appropriate ) pala member conference fee ( bf 1000 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ non-member conference fee ( bf 2000 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ student conference fee ( bf 600 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ dinner on 9th september ( bf 500 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ dinner on 10th september ( bf 500 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ accommodation for tue 8th september ( bf 525 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ accommodation for wed 9th september ( bf 525 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ accommodation for thu 10th september ( bf 525 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ accommodation for fri 11th september ( bf 525 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ accommodation for ( specify ) ( bf ) _ _ _ _ _ _ fee for international money transfer or cheque other than eurocheques * ( bf 300 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ i therefore enclose ( or have transferred ) a total of bf _ _ _ _ _ _ i would like lacto-vegetarian / vegan food for the dinner ( s ) i have booked _ _ _ _ _ signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please return to pala conference 1992 , seminarie voor engelse taalkunde , universiteit gent , rozier 44 , b-9000 gent , belgium ( pala9 @ engllang . rug . ac . be ) . the final date for registration is 1st may 1992 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * . note that all payments must be made in belgian francs . cheques should be made payable to ' pala conference 1992 ' . a single eurocheque must not be of more than bf 7 , 000 . international money transfers should be sent via ' swift ' , quoting our bank 's swift number ( bbru be bb 900 ) and our account number : bbl 390-0959358 - 83 . if you have any problems with either method of payment , please contact the organizers .
  """",0
  437,""""Subject: query : causatives in korean
   
   could anyone point me to any books and articles about causative constructions in korean ? please send an e-mail directly to me . thanks you ! hiromi morikawa hiromi @ psych . stanford . edu
  """",0
  438,""""Subject: l2 learning / cultural empathy
   
   a graduate student in education approached a colleague of mine with a query which linguist people may be able to help with . he is doing an evaluation of an exchange program with indonesia one object of which is to prepare more high school teachers of indonesia here in australia . he wondered if there is anything written on the correlation of degree of acquisition of an l2 with degree of empathy and participation in the culture of the l2 speakers . high involvement / skills might seem to be a good thing for teachers in both areas ; however negative aspects might be there . apparently there seems to be a correlation between development of good skills in the language and dropping out of teaching . could this be due to """""""" culture shock """""""" on return to australia of those who became most deeply immersed ? any references / ideas gratefully received . if there are a number , i could summarise . patrick mcconvell , anthropology , northrn territory university , po box 40146 , casuarina , nt 0811 , australia
  """",0
  439,""""Subject: psycholinguistics teaching
   
   for an undergraduate course i will shortly be teaching in psycholinguistics , i would appreciate any suggestions as to texts which other instructors have had good experiences with . also , i would be indebted if anyone can offer specific references to the work of helen neville on deaf alinguals and the acquisiton of asl . thanks m . klaiman ( klaiman @ umnacux . bitnet )
  """",0
  440,""""Subject: german corpora
   
   i am looking for on-line corpora of modern german . any information would be appreciated . ken beesley beesley . parc @ xerox . com
  """",0
  441,""""Subject: t
   
   hi , help ! i have to design an experiment to do with mandarin tones as part of a phonology requirement on my graduate course . there seems to be very little literature on this in the library . if anyone can think of any on-going debates on the phonology / phonetics of mandarin tones for which an experiment would be useful , please could you give me information and references . i would welcome any suggestions at all . thanks a lot , sophia wang . ( sophia @ ling . ed . ac . uk )
  """",0
  442,""""Subject: job - university of utah
   
   the linguistics program at the university of utah invites applications for a one-year visiting assistant professor position to begin september , 1992 . minimum degree requirement is an a . b . d . candidates will be expected to teach an introductory undergraduate linguistics course and a course in american english for english teaching majors . they will also propose other undergraduate or m . a . level courses in general linguistics and sociolinguistics . send letter of application , curriculum vitae , sample publications , and three letters of reference to mauricio mixco , director , linguistics program , stewart building 213 , university of utah , salt lake city , ut 84112 . for further information you may telephone : 801-581 - 7432 or email dipaolo @ anthro . utah . edu .
  """",0
  443,""""Subject: job : montreal
   
   poste de professeur , e regulier , ere en phonologie le departement de linguistique de l ' uqam sollicite des candidatures pour un poste regulier a temps complet en phonologie profil des fonctions : . enseignement et encadrement aux etudes de premier cycle et aux etudes avan - cees . . assurer la vitalite de la recherche dans le domaine de la specialite . . services a la communaute . exigences : . ph . d . en linguistique . . experience d ' enseignement universitaire . . solide dossier de publications recentes dans des revues avec jury , attestant une competence dans le domaine vise . date d ' entree en fonction : 1er juillet 1992 l ' uqam souscrit a un programme d ' acces a l ' egalite des femmes en emploi . con - formement aux exigences relatives a l ' immigration au canada , ce poste est of - fert aux citoyens-es et aux residents-es permanentes-es . traitement : selon la convention collective spuq-uqam . les personnes interesses sont priees de faire parvenir un curriculum vitae en francais , date et signe , incluant le nom , l ' adresse et le numero de telephone de trois repondants , avant le 15 mai 1992 a : m . robert a . papen , directeur , departement de linguistique , uqam , c . p . 8888 , succ . a , montreal ( quebec ) h3c 3p8 . telephone : 514-987 - 8416 ; telecopieur : 514-987 - 4652 ; e-mail : r14730 @ uqam
  """",0
  444,""""Subject: lectureship in linguistics
   
   s c h o o l o f e n g l i s h a n d l i n g u i s t i c s u n i v e r s i t y o f d u r h a m lecturer in generative linguistics the successful candidate must have completed , or be in the process of completing , a doctorate , and must be able to demonstrate a strong research focus in historical linguistics ( phonology or syntax ) and / or romance linguistics via a dissertation and / or published work in the area . an ability to teach sociolinguistics would be an advantage . the post is tenable from 1 october 1992 . salary will be within the range 12 , 860 - 17 , 827 pounds per annum on the lecturer grade a scale , according to experience . further details may be obtained from the personnel officer old shire hall university of durham durham dh1 3hp united kingdom ( tel 091-374 - 3158 , fax 091-374 - 4747 ) to whom applications should be sent not later than 15 may 1992 . = = = = = = = = = = = please quote reference a083 .
  """",0
  445,""""Subject: negative concord
   
   i am interested in the grammar of negative concord in various dialects of american and british english . if anyone out there speaks natively a dialect that uses negative concord and is willing to answer grammaticality questions about their dialect , would they please send me an email note to that effect and i ' ll get back to them with my queries . my address is : kroch @ change . ling . upenn . edu thanks .
  """",0
  446,""""Subject: 
   
   negative concord i am trying to compile of list of commercially available programs that aid translation from english to spanish . i am not interested in development projects but in """""""" of the shelf """""""" software . please email information to me , and i will post a summary of responses . thank you . - rick wojcik ( rwojcik @ atc . boeing . com )
  """",0
  447,""""Subject: query : email addresses
   
   does anybody have an email address for either gunnar fant or christol gobl ? thanks in advance , julie silverman . ( jules @ nynexst . com )
  """",0
  448,""""Subject: postings
   
   hi , i ' m working on a phonetics project about modern irish and i ' m having a hard time finding sources . can anyone recommend books or articles in english ? i ' , specifically interested in palatal ( slender ) consonants , so any work on that would be helpful too . thanks ! laurel sutton ( sutton @ garnet . berkeley . edu
  """",0
  449,""""Subject: query on icelandic
   
   can anyone tell me anything about whether there is vp - ellipsis in icelandic ? something like : i want to see the movie , and john wants to , too . how about other kinds of ellipsis phenomena ? i borrowed john 's book , and mary borrowed bill 's . i want to fix the car , but i do n't know how . if you suggest that i check through the modern icelandic volume in the syntax and semantics series of books , please give me a specific reference , as i have not yet found anything on such ellipsis phenomena there . please reply directly to me : ( laurenco @ uconnvm . bitnet ) thanks in advance ! elizabeth laurencot , university of connecticut
  """",0
  450,""""Subject: search
   
   does anyone out there know the whereabout of dr peter hawkins , phonetician , late of edinburgh ( queen elizabeth college ? ) , scotland ? i am seeking him because we collaborated at one time on a self-instructional computer course in french phonetic notation . but micros have moved along and now we need one for ibm pcs . any help on either search ?
  """",0
  451,""""Subject: re : 3 . 378 korean , l2 , psycholinguistics , german
   
   a trivial inquiry in the realm of new words and why they acquire the syntactic characteristics they do . although the actual command is : telnet cunyvm . cuny . edu , i hear my colleagues and ordinary folks use the new verb ' telnet ' with the particle ' to ' , and rarely as a transitive verb . hence , ' i told him to telnet to cornell ' , less often ' i told him telnet cornell ' ( i myself have no feelings about the ' correctness ' of this one ) . i have never heard the verb used in the passive , but it can be used absolutely ( or intransitively ) . ' he spends all day telnetting . ' . curiosity only . toby paff ( tobypaff @ pucc . princeton . edu )
  """",0
  452,""""Subject: re : 3 . 370 queries : computer resources , dialect maps
   
   jane tang asks for references about ' losing ' grammatical intuitions . though not about linguists , a study published in the journal of psycholinguistic research ( 17 . 1 : 1-17 ) , by hiroshi nagata ( the relativity of linguistic intuition : the effect of repetition on grammaticality judgements ) , concludes that """""""" linguistic intuitions as revealed in grammaticality judgements are not absolute , but relative in that they are easily influenced by repetition and other variables , such as embedded context . """""""" randy lapolla institute of history & philology academia sinica , taiwan
  """",0
  453,""""Subject: language and power bibliography - - announcement
   
   a bibliography of work on language and power has been placed on the linguist server . this bibliography combines contributions from a number of respondents to a query i placed in linguist a while back . most of those respondents are listed in my summary ( linguist 3-366 ) . some items may be inappropriate - - i was unable to verify all of the suggestions . this bibliography includes a wide range of items which relate in one degree or another to the topic - - from the highly theoretical to the highly particularistic to the applied . apologies for any incorrect or incomplete references . [ moderators ' note : the bibliography mentioned in this posting is available on the server . to get the file , send a message to : listserv @ tamvm1 . tamu . edu ( if you are on the internet ) or listserv @ tamvm1 ( if you are on the bitnet ) the message should consist of the single line : get power bib linguist you will then receive the complete file . ]
  """",0
  454,""""Subject: re : 3 . 376 help re : iaupe
   
   ? hay alguien que sepa como se puede comunicar con los ordenadores de la universidad de texas ? es que busco informacion sobre el programa de educacion bilingue de los distintos condados que forman la ciudad de austin y areas limitrofes . . . gracias . . . brett
  """",0
  455,""""Subject: next
   
   this message is an attempt to find out who in the linguistic community , is using a next workstation ( cube , slab , turbo , or whatever model ) , more particularly in the area of phonetics and phonology . if you would like to know the results of this survey , please indicate it in your reply . thanks to all .
  """",0
  456,""""Subject: query about english interrogatives
   
   i would appreciate any references that discuss the relationship or correspondence between the syntactic form and the pragmatic ( or social ) function of interrogatives in english . much of the work that i am familiar with claims that any form can be used for any function . my own research suggests otherwise . please send replies directly to : freed @ apollo . montclair . edu ( alice f . freed linguistics montclair state college )
  """",0
  457,""""Subject: query on spanish and binding
   
   this is a request for help , in the form of references , suggestions , etc . , on a syntactic problem ( or maybe only an apparent problem ) . i have recently stumbled upon some interesting spanish data which seem to violate binding principles . in particular , my informants have provided examples like juan hablo a pedro de / sobre el and insist that el can can have as its antecedent at least juan , and perhaps also pedro . if the facts are what they seem , binding principle 2 is clearly violated , since we have a pronoun which is not free in the local domain . there are also cases , although not so clear , in which an anaphor seems not to be bound in the local domain . any thoughts on such examples will be greatly appreciated . if there is interest , i will post a summary of responses received . thanks . steve seegmiller seegmiller @ apollo . montclair . edu
  """",0
  458,""""Subject: proofread medieval e - texts
   
   from humanist discussion group , vol . 5 , no . 0856 . monday , 27 apr 1992 . i am seeking volunteers to proof-read transcriptions of the attached list of medieval texts , prepared for the _ archivo digital de manuscritos y textos espan \ * ~ oles _ ( _ admyte _ ) , a cd-rom disk to be published this summer by the sociedad estatal quinto centenario . in addition to several hundred medieval texts transcribed according to the norms of _ a manual of manuscript transcription for the dictionary of the old spanish language _ , 4th ed . ( madison , 1986 ) , the disk will also contain a special version of tact , the text analysis and retrieval program of the u . of toronto , the _ bibliography of old spanish texts _ , and unite , a program for computer-assisted textual criticism . the available texts represent an interesting cross-section of medieval spanish literary culture - - from histories in the alfonsine tradition to medical and legal works to translations from the classics and other medieval literatures . i will provide : - a photocopy of the original ms or printed edition - a printout of the transcription - an electronic version of the transcription - a copy of the madison _ manual _ mentioned above - a copy of the special version of tact and its 200 - page manual participants in the project will also receive full credit for their work in _ admyte _ - - not to mention the satisfaction of having helped bring to fruition one of the most important scholarly projects of the quincentenary . lista de los textos castellanos que se han transcrito expresamente para admyte . actualmente obran en mi poder y esta / * ' n listos para corregir . abreviaturas bnm = madrid . biblioteca nacional bu = biblioteca universitaria esc . = escorial . monasterio cuando se trata de varios textos dentro de un mismo ms o edicio \ * ' n , se han agrupado bajo la signatura del volumen que los contiene . al final de cada texto se indica su taman \ * ~ o o en """""""" bytes """""""" o en folios . alfonso marti \ * ' nez de toledo . invencionario . bnm 9219 . 126 ff . ( transcr . p . gericke ) cro \ * ' nica de 1344 ( parte i ) . madrid : zaba / * ' lburu 11-109 , ff . 1r - 107 ( 1 . 33 mb ) ( listo para corregir ) ( transcr . j . da cruz ) domingo marcos dura / * ' n . lux bella . impreso sevilla , 1492 . bnm i 2165 . 6 ff . ( mu \ * 's ica ) ( transcr . d . burton ) domingo marcos dura / * ' n . glosa sobre lux bella . impreso salamanca , 1498 - 6-17 . bnm i 2165 . 38 ff . ( mu \ * 's ica ) ( transcr . d . burton ) fueros de la novenera . salamanca bu 2652 , ff . 140r - 156v ( transcr . f . waltman ) bnm i 2157 . impreso zaragoza , ca . 1490 ( transcr . h . torres ) : thomas a kempis . imitatio christi , ff . a2r - o2r jean gerson . de meditatione cordis , ff . o3r - o9v pablo de santa mari \ * ' a . suma de las cro \ * ' nicas de espan \ * ~ a . esc . h . ii . 22 , ff . 52r - 98v ( transcr . j . krieger ) seudo - san bernardo . infancia del salvador . impreso burgos : juan de burgos , ca . 1495 . bnm i 1424 ( 279 kb ) ( es realmente una traduccio \ * ' n de las meditationes de seudo - agusti \ * ' n ) ( transcr . f . waltman )
  """",0
  459,""""Subject: learn french in quebec city
   
   des amis de l ' universite ' laval , ecole des langues vivantes m ' ont demande ' de poster cette annonce . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = learn french in quebec city intensive french courses ( elementary , intermediate and advanced levels ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - session admission deadlines - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - autumn / september-december / 15 weeks / 16 credits / june 15th winter / january - april / 15 weeks / 16 credits / november 1st spring / may-june / 6 weeks / 7 credits / april 1st summer / july-august / 6 weeks / 7 credits / may 1st - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * small classes * communicative approach * integration into the french - speaking milieu * exceptional sports facilities * campus housing or accomodations with francophones * age 18 or older - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - information - - - - - - - - - - ecole des langues vivantes pavillon charles - de koninck ( 2305 ) universite laval , quebec , g1k 7p4 , canada phone : ( 418 ) 656-2321 , fax : ( 418 ) 656-2019
  """",0
  460,""""Subject: more on human subjects
   
   a number of months ago i raised the issue of dealing with human subjects committees , since our department was being ( as we perceived it ) hassled by our own committee . i received numerous responses , which i have since forwarded to the lsa social issues ( or something ) committee . the responses varied from shocked outrage that anyone would look over our ( collective ) shoulders from shocked outrage that i would consider doing any research without asking permission . the primary hassle , which was reflected again in the more recent posting on the subject , is that linguistic research normally involves using a tape recorder . federal guidelines require ( so i am told ) a special , and more complex class of review if the data is being taped . in our case , this involves a full committee review , which takes two to three weeks , rather than the ` expedited ' review , which takes only a few days . we are still negotiating on whether class projects need to be cleared class by class ( which we hope ) or instead , student by student . given that students normally take at least half a semester to discover what they want to do , if it will then require an additional two or three weeks to get permission to do it , much linguistic classroom research may get halted . i would be greatly interested in hearing from people on the list who have been able to persuade their human subjects committees to issue any kind of ` blanket ' permission for certain kinds of research . when we suggested this possibility we were told that nobody 's research was privileged , and that if { sociology , psychology anthropology . . . } had to go through the process , so did we . in any case , as a result of my attempting to be law abiding , i almost lost an informant , whose data i had recorded illegally . i asked him to recite the nursery rhymes , then requested permission to do so . shortly afterwards , he left town , never to be seen again . sigh . . . any suggestions on getting expedited reviews , blanket permissions , other speeded up ways of being permitted to tape record linguistic data without supreme court approval would be appreciated . geoff nathan < ga3662 @ siucvmb . siu . edu > southern illinois university at carbondale
  """",0
  461,""""Subject: on rules
   
   re guido vanden wyngaerd ( 3-357 ) : i must break my longish silence caused by a few urgent jobs : > since nyman does n't seem to begin to understand > what the problem is here , let me expand on my question once more : we find > that speakers * observe * ( not violate ) the wh-island constraint ; we find > that they form yes-no questions by having recourse to hierarchical > structure rather than linear precedence , i . e . they unfailingly produce ( 1a ) > rather than ( 1b ) : > > ( 1 ) a is [ the man who is tall ] _ _ in the room ? > b is [ the man who _ _ tall ] is in the room ? i must admit my dull-wittedness . sorry about that ! i also agree that a real issue is involved here . > if speakers proceeded on the basis of inductive generalisation or analogy > or some such principle , one would expect a more or less random distribution > over ( 1a ) and ( 1b ) in the acquisition stage , quod non . why would a more or less random distribution over ( 1a ) and ( 1b ) be expectable in the acquisition stage , if speakers unfailingly - - and so , as the only pattern for children to base inductive generalizations on - - produce ( 1a ) ? > hence speakers > possess a certain knowledge or follow certian rules , and one would like to > know where they get this knowledge from . are you suggesting chomskyan """""""" tacit """""""" knowledge ? if so , then you might think that rules grow in people 's minds like biological organs . > the question now is : how can one tell if rules speakers > follow , such as the wh-island rule or the yes-no question formation rule , > are grules or lrules ? where does the conviction come from that speakers """""""" follow """""""" the wh-island rule ? this rule , as formulated and so named by a grammarian , is clearly a theoretical generalization ( grule ) . notice that the phenomenon here captured in insular terms is in principle amenable to a different theoretical formulation : e . g . , in dick hudson 's word grammar ( _ english _ word _ grammar _ . oxford 1990 ) , which is a dependency-based approach , ( 1b ) would be ruled out by the fact that it infringes the adjacency principle ( not to be confused with gb 's adjacency ) . while it is grammatically correct to say ( 2a ) is the man who is tall in the room ? , it would be grammatically incorrect ( and nonsensical ) to say ( 2b ) * is the man who tall is in the room ? in my terminology , ( 2a - b ) are technically rule-sentences which exemplify ( and witness for the existence ) of the corresponding norm of language ( lrule ) . it is typical of norms that they may be violated by mistake or by joke ( cf . alexis manaster ramer 's [ 3-371 ] posting on _ man _ the _ as a [ putatively ] possible np ) ; sometimes also by force , in order to bring home a theoretical point [ e . g . ( 1b ) above ] . lrules ( or norms-of - language qua institutional or cultural facts ) are typically learned or acquired by experience . but some norms are so deeply rooted in human nature that their violation is more or less unnatural and requires an extra effort . ( this is one of the basic tenets of stampean natural phonology , unless i ' m mistaken . ) for example , anyone standing on two hands ( instead of two legs ) in a cocktail party would certainly violate a norm of socially correct behaviour . in this case , the ' two-leg ' constraint is almost vacuously a norm , because it would be hard to violate it . in the same vein , the lrule of which ( 2a ) is an exemplification , is almost vacuously a norm , because only a linguistic professional could violate it by producing ( 2b ) . but it is a norm , nonetheless . > and what merit is there to making such a distinction > at all ? this distinction is ( meta ) descriptive of generative grammarians ' actual practice . martti nyman , dept of general linguistics , univ of helsinki , finland
  """",0
  462,""""Subject: tone grammar summary
   
   > finally , lansing points to english : > > > a _ silver knife _ ( low high ) is a knife made out of silver , and a _ silver > > knife _ ( high low ) is a knife for cutting silver . this has nothing to do with tone , but rather accent placement . both _ silver _ and _ knife _ are accented in the former case , but in the latter case _ knife _ is deaccented . the association between accent and tone is a great deal more complicated than the claim suggests . richard sproat linguistics research department at&t bell laboratories tel ( 908 ) 582-5296 600 mountain avenue , room 2d - 451 fax ( 908 ) 582-7308 murray hill , nj 07974 rws @ research . att . com
  """",0
  463,""""Subject: tone grammar
   
   none of the examples mentioned in john cowan 's recent posting summarizing responses on this topic appears to involve a language that uses language solely to mark grammatical as opposed to lexical distinctions . which makes one wonder about stress . does anybody know of an example of a language in which stress is distinctive but only used to mark grammatical categories . i have some possible examples in mind but these need some further reflection , so if anybody has clear examples , i for one would be interested ( the examples i am thinking of , which i am not too sure about , would involve tongan and perhaps persian ) .
  """",0
  464,""""Subject: summ of dialect bible translations
   
   i have prepared a summary of the responses i received to my question about tranlation ( s ) of the bible into modern glasgow dialects . thanks to all those who responded - - ken beesley at xerox parc gavin burnage of the british national corpus group and humgrad paul caron at mcmaster u richard coates at u of sussex jacqueline kowtko at u of edinburgh r . glenn wooden at st . andrews and via forwarding frank maloney of microsoft david morning of glasgow u - - i appreciate it . first , mr . coates suggested as a general reference for dialect biblical literature _ the book of a thousand tongues _ , eugene nida , ed . , united bible societies ( 1972 ) , 2nd edition . mr . beesley mentioned a 1983 translation into """""""" broad scots """""""" , which included a temptation of christ passage in which christ speaks the scots dialect and satan the queen 's english . mr . burnage forwarded mention of the same edition in a similar discussion from a celtic discussion list : here , mr . maloney and mr . morning discussed presbyterian church of scotland elder jamie stewart 's rendition _ the glasgow gospels _ ( the 4 gospels only ) , as well as _ the new testament in scots _ , by william l . lorimer ( 1983 , edinburgh , southside publishers ltd , isbn 900025 24 7 ) . some claimed the latter is """""""" hard going at times """""""" without intimate knowledge of the dialect . mr . caron mentioned that one of these texts had been discussed recently on the cbc radio show """""""" as it happens """""""" . jacqueline kowtko in edinburgh suggested contacting the church of scotland at the following address for other info : church of scotland book shop 117 / 119 george street edinburgh eh2 4jn scotland 44 31 225 2229 finally , r . glenn wooden also mentioned having seen a bible translation done in an american south dialet called _ cotton patch nt / bible _ . thanks again for the responses . steve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ stephen ryberg department of linguistics northwestern university ryberg @ casbah . acns . nwu . edu _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",0
  465,""""Subject: precoling 92 : symposium on computational semantics
   
   precoling - 92 22nd july , 2 - 6 p . m . symposium on computational semantics sponsored by the european foundation of logic , language and information with support from the commission of the european communities , dg xiii recent developments in both theoretical and computational semantics suggest that there is now a real possibility for exploring high level computational techniques for dealing with meaning in natural language which are informed by semantic theory but which are not restricted to any particular theoretical approach ( e . g . quantifier scoping algorithms , semantic operators of the kind proposed by johnson and kay ) . this symposium will attempt to explore the relationship between current work in theoretical and computational semantics . papers will be presented by researchers in both theoretical and computational semantics and there will be ample time for discussion from the floor . invited speakers are : hiyan alshawi , sri , cambridge johan van benthem , university of amsterdam ( to be confirmed ) robin cooper , university of edinburgh hans kamp , stuttgart university remko scha , university of amsterdam - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hans uszkoreit , comput . ling . , univ . of saarbruecken , 66 saarbruecken 11 , frg uszkoreit @ coli . uni-sb . de - phone : + 49 ( 681 ) 302-4115 - fax : + 49 ( 681 ) 302-4351
  """",0
  466,""""Subject: re : 3 . 375 gent conference
   
   is there anyone in the department of bilingual education at the univ . of texas , austin that could give me information about the availability of work in the school system there ? what types of certification are required ? etc . . . i would certainly appreciate any help or clues you could give me : brett rosenberg univ . of arizona dept . of spanish & portuguese
  """",0
  467,""""Subject: query about raising of / aw / and / ay / alias """""""" canadian raising """"""""
   
   this query is addressed to all those linguists who speak dialects in which [ aw ] and [ ay ] are replaced by something like [ / \ w ] and [ / \ y ] in words such as ' type ' and ' write ' . do any of you have a different vowel in the first syllable of ' writer ' than in the the second syllable of ' typewriter ' ? or , put another way , do any of you have different vowels in the first and second syllables of ' typewriter ' ?
  """",0
  468,""""Subject: base generated adjuncts
   
   does anyone know of references on what mechanisms are used to encode restrictions on the base generation of adjuncts in gb ( i . e why adverbs occur with predicates but adjectives do with referentials ) ? seems like it can't be selection if x - - bar theory is an appropriate set of restrictions . any references at all would be lovely , but recent ones more so . post directly to me & i ' ll post a summary to the list if there 's interest . david adger adger @ uk . ac . ed . cogsci
  """",0
  469,""""Subject: basic journals
   
   we are facing major cuts in the library periodicals budget at the university of alabama , and are being asked to eliminate some linguistics journals . the univ . of alabama at birmingham now has a b . a . in linguistics with some strong syntacticians , and we here in tuscaloosa have an """""""" ad hoc interdepartmental program """""""" at the graduate level with strengths in applied linguistics , inter - actional sociolinguistics and pragmatics . we would appreciate any advice in this matter . in particular , we ' re wondering if there is any consensus on a set of essential journals for an undergraduate major . pragmatics
  """",0
  470,""""Subject: query : tagalog and other philippine informants
   
   are there any native speakers of tagalog or other philippine languages receiving this who would be willing to answer some questions about their usage ?
  """",0
  471,""""Subject: ancient vocal tract simulation
   
   in work following up the work of laitman , lieberman et al on reconstruction of what vocal tracts of hominids and early humans must have been like , i believe some mechanical simulators of the output of these were made . i would be interested in details of this , but more in whether anyone has tried to do a computer simulation of the phonetic range of vocal tracts that differ from those of modern humans e . g . in having a higher larynx . on a related question , i saw a letter to scientific american a year or so ago saying some of the origins of language work was based on a fallacy : that mammals other than humans can breathe and swallow at the same time . > from my reading this does seem to underly some of the major work , so i 'd like to have some confirmation that it is wrong or someone to point me to where the debate is going on , if there is a debate . from my point of view ( ignorance of anatomy / physiology and biological anthropology ) it would seem to be a question that could be fairly easily resolved empirically . patrick mcconvell , anthropology , northrn territory university , po box 40146 , nt 0811 , australia
  """",0
  472,""""Subject: re : 3 . 386 chomsky , mac concordance
   
   it seems to me that for whatever reasons , the fact that there are so many references to chomsky by non-linguists ( let 's ignore the linguists for now ) shows that the field is at least recognized as a legitimate area of intellectual inquiry - - ( after all , even oxford decided a few years ago that they should have a professor of linguistics - - after a long debate to be sure ) this is a cause for exhaltation - - not snyde remarks or comparisons to stalin and mao . and linguists of whatever stripe or theoretical persuasion should recognize that our newly recognized status is due to a great extent to the advent of generative grammar and chomsky . for various reasons i have met a number of nobel laureates over the last ten to fifteen years , and each one on learning i was a linguist asked """""""" do you know noam chomsky ? """""""" and each remarked at some point that he thought chomsky was one of the great intellects in history . a much better response than being asked """""""" how many languages do you speak ? """""""" while that may still be the layperson 's view of our field , it is no longer the view among scientists and academicians across the board . vicki fromkin
  """",0
  473,""""Subject: escol 92 call for papers
   
   call for papers escol 92 at suny buffalo november 13-15 , 1992 deadline for submitting abstracts : september 4 , 1992 invited speakers : william croft , university of michigan nina dronkers , va medical center , martinez & uc davis ray jackendoff , brandeis university john ohala , university of alberta & uc berkeley keren rice , university of toronto russell tomlin , university of oregon anthony woodbury , university of texas , austin abstracts of papers in all areas of linguistics and from any theoretical perspective are solicited . we are especially interested in receiving abstracts in the following areas : - - - functional and cognitive linguistics - - - indigenous languages of the americas - - - psycholinguistics , neurolinguistics & experimental linguistics - - - lexical semantics - - - universals & typology - - - discourse analysis 10 copies of an anonymous one-page abstract , along with a card stating the title of the paper and the author , should be sent to : escol 92 department of linguistics 685 baldy hall suny buffalo buffalo , ny 14260 twenty minutes will be allotted for the presentation of each paper . abstracts should be received by september 4 , 1992 . information on registration and housing will be available in late september . for information , contact matthew dryer ( lindryer @ ubvms . bitnet ) or betty brown ( linbetty @ ubvms . bitnet ) , or the department at ( 716 ) 636-2177 , fax 636-3825 .
  """",0
  474,""""Subject: humor and communication : call for papers
   
   call for papers humor and communication seminar at sca , 1992 national meeting : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) : - ) the seminar will be held wednesday , october 28th ( 9 : 30 - 5 : 30 ) in chicago preceding the speech communication association national meeting . call for papers : it has been established that humor is a widespread phenomenon , encompassing many , if not all , areas of human communication . while research in various areas is advancing , several general communication-related issues within the realm of humor remain to be explored in full . from another perspective , the study of humor is a particularly interesting topic for communication , since humor usually highlights the communicative mechanisms it exploits and thus provides insights that can later be generalized to the discipline at large . the following are some topics that the sca seminar participants may want to address . 1 ) how does humor communicate ? what are the mechanisms that make communication through humor possible ? a ) in order to solve the paradox of defining humor as a non-cooperative mode of communication , a cooperative-cum - humor mode has been postulated ( raskin 1985 , attardo 1990 ) . is this the complete picture ? how is communication affected / distorted by this particular situation ? b ) jokes can convey factual information , both on the referents of the texts ( zhao 1988 ) and on the participants of the communicative interchange , their perception of the situation , social hierarchies at play , etc . what are the modalities and mechanisms of this process ? 2 ) what does humor communicate ? humor can be used to convey meaning independent from the denotation of the humorous utterance ( see for example drew 1987 on teasing ) or to avoid face-threatening situations ( mulkay 1988 ) . is the range of the messages carried by humor unlimited or is there an inherent """""""" content """""""" to a humorous message just because it is humorous ? 3 ) rhetoric ( s ) of humor . how humor is used by speakers to further their goals ( within and outside of the communicative exchange ) . humor as a tool for persuading , for diverting attention , for in - and out-bonding , etc . 4 ) discourse analysis of humorous exchanges . the organization of a humorous exchange . how does a humorous conversational turn fit into a communicative exchange ? how are jokes and humorous narratives introduced in conversation , and how do they affect its course ? the differences between canned jokes and conversational jokes . 5 ) semiotics of humor . humor can be achieved verbally , visually , behaviorally , musically , etc . , or by any combination of the above . on the other hand , nature is never funny in and of itself ( although it may be perceived as such ) . in other words , humor is intimately connected to the human faculty of using signs . is it possible to build a general semiotics of humor ? how do the various types of humor above differ and how are they alike ? 6 ) cultural differences in the use of humor in communication . there are both impressive examples of variation across cultures ( for example , ritual humor is common in many societies ( apte 1985 ) but almost absent in present-day western culture ) and cross-cultural invariants ( for example the dumb-joke , cf . davies 1990 ) . are there universals in humorous communication , or is the range of variation unconstrained culturally ? references : apte , mahadev . 1985 . _ humor and laughter _ ithaca and london : cornell university press . attardo , salvatore . 1990 . the violation of grice 's maxims in jokes . in hall , kira et al . ( eds . ) _ proceedings of the 16th berkely linguistics society conference _ 355-362 . davies , christie . 1990 . _ ethnic humor around the world _ bloomington : indiana university press . drew , paul . 1987 . po - faced receipts of teases . _ linguistics _ 25 . 219-253 . mulkay , michael . 1988 . _ on humor . its nature and its place in modern society _ cambridge : blackwell . raskin , victor . 1985 . _ semantic mechanisms of humor _ dordrecht : reidel . zhao , yan . 1988 . the information conveying aspect of jokes . _ humor . international journal of humor research _ 1 : 3 . 279-298 . for information contact : alan harris aharris @ vax . csun . edu or salvatore attardo p5o @ mace . cc . purdue . edu submissions to : alan c . harris , ph . d . telno : off : professor , communication / linguistics 818-885 - 2853 / 2874 speech communication department hm : california state university , northridge 818-780 - 8872 spch csun fax : 818-885 - 2663 northridge , ca 91330 deadline for submissions : asap and not after july 1st , 1992 .
  """",0
  475,""""Subject: re : 3 . 387 rules , tone grammar
   
   in response to eric schiller 's comments on modern syntax , i have a few questions and comentaries . as a graduate student myself i find that modern syntax has strayed so far into the theoretical realms of the ivory tower , that i am hesitant to delve into it . every two or three days there is another """""""" universal """""""" proposal that is proposed by someone only to be found untrue by someone else . i do n't think the only end goal of grammatical theory is to explain why language functions as it does , for me , explanatory adequacy can be the formulation of rules that facilitate the teaching of language , albeit imperfect rules in a strictly scientific sense ( are we still worried how """""""" scientific we appear ? ) but rules that have some practical application . the notion of economy is a good one , as a student i would certainly appreciate less """""""" model """""""" and more substance ! p . s . i hope i have ' nt stuck my foot in my mouth , it 's just that i am about to start my doctorate and am faced with the question of my specialization , i like syntax but want to do something more """""""" hands on """""""" like sociallinguistics . . . . brett rosenberg dept . spanish and portuguese univ . of arizona
  """",0
  476,""""Subject: rules
   
   3 . 387 martti arnold nyman < manyman @ finuha . bitnet > writes : > > ( 1 ) a is [ the man who is tall ] _ _ in the room ? > > b is [ the man who _ _ tall ] is in the room ? > > > > if speakers proceeded on the basis of inductive generalisation or analogy > > or some such principle , one would expect a more or less random distribution > > over ( 1a ) and ( 1b ) in the acquisition stage , quod non . > > why would a more or less random distribution over ( 1a ) and ( 1b ) be > expectable in the acquisition stage , if speakers unfailingly - - and so , > as the only pattern for children to base inductive generalizations on - - > produce ( 1a ) ? the assumption implicit in nyman 's question is that children only produce what they hear . this is plainly incorrect . children do not hear forms like """""""" buyed """""""" , """""""" eated """""""" , or """""""" goed """""""" , yet they all go through a stage where they produce these forms . this can only be because they make generalisations ( rules , if you like ) , which go beyond what they hear . now given that the main source of evidence on yes-no questions at the child 's disposal will overwhelmingly consist of simple sentences of the form """""""" is the man _ _ in the room """""""" , the child could make the generalisation either in way : in terms of linear precedence ( """""""" front the first finite verb """""""" , yielding ( 1b ) ) or in terms of hierarchical structure ( """""""" front the finite verb which follows the subject """""""" , yielding ( 1a ) ) . the fact that children do not make mistakes in this respect ( ie do not form ( 1b ) ) clearly shows that the rule is not one learned by experience , the relevant experience not being rich enough to determine the nature of the rule and not being able to explain the absence of mistakes . as far as the rest of nyman 's remarks is concerned , i still fail to see how and why they motivate a distinction between grules and lrules : in his opinion , the rule exemplified by ( 1 ) is an lrule , and the wh-island rule a grule . i cannot make out any argument in his posting that would lend credibility to such a contrast . g . vanden wyngaerd
  """",0
  477,""""Subject: iscll3
   
   the third international symposium on chinese languages and linguistics tentative program conference dates : july 1 - 3 , 1992 conference site : international conference hall , national tsing hua university , hsin - chu , taiwan , roc program july 1 9 : 10 - 9 : 30 opening ceremony 9 : 30-10 : 20 keynote speech : james d . mccawley """""""" justifying the part of speech assignment in mandarin chinese """""""" 10 : 20-10 : 40 break 10 : 40-12 : 10 session i huang shuan - fan """""""" lexical innovation and semantic change james h . i . tai """""""" category shifts and word-formation redundancy rules in chinese """""""" lisa l . s . cheng """""""" compounds and lexical relational structures """""""" 12 : 10 - 1 : 30 lunch 1 : 30 - 3 : 00 session ii hsin - i hsieh """""""" lexicon and morphology in a compositional cognitive grammar """""""" richard sproat and chilin shih """""""" on the sources of some constraints on mandarin morphology """""""" feng - hsi liu """""""" synthetic compound in chinese """""""" 3 : 00 - 3 : 20 break 3 : 20 - 5 : 20 session iii shen ya - ming """""""" argument structures of resultative verb compounds in chinese """""""" chee lick ho """""""" a x b y : a special compounding pattern anne yue """""""" the lexicon in syntactic change : lexical diffusion in chinese syntax chin - fa lien """""""" reciprocal pronouns in southern min dialects : a diachronic-dialect approach """""""" july 2 9 : 30-10 : 20 keynote speech : robert l . cheng 10 : 20-10 : 40 break 10 : 40-12 : 10 session iv matthew y . chen """""""" phonological diagnostics of morphosyntactic status """""""" daming xu """""""" the lexical and morphological conditions in mandarin nasal variation """""""" yu - chao hsiao """""""" a theoretical proposal for mandarin prosodic morphology """""""" 12 : 10 - 1 : 30 lunch 1 : 30 - 3 : 00 session v hui - i kung """""""" word order , specificty and object positions in mandarin chinese """""""" zhang zheng - sheng """""""" discourse genre and aspectual marking in chinese """""""" guo jiansheng """""""" right - dislocation or right location ? the ' afterthought phenomenon in mandarin and markers of speakers ' intentions """""""" 3 : 00 - 3 : 20 break 3 : 20 - 5 : 20 session vi ke zou """""""" the chinese ba - construction : a morpho-syntactic analysis """""""" hongming zhang """""""" c - command approach to morphosyntax """""""" sylvia chen and dingxu shi """""""" on the feeding relation between syntax and morphology : evidence from chinese nominal v - n compounds """""""" wei - tien tsai """""""" a note on zemeyang family - a morphosyntactic study """""""" july 3 9 : 30-10 : 20 keynote speech : c . t . james huang 10 : 20-10 : 40 break 10 : 40-12 : 10 session vii lilly chen """""""" the deictic verbs lai / khi ' come / go ' in taiwanese """""""" wynn chao """""""" negation and clausal structure in chinese mei - chun liu """""""" from verb / noun to adverbial functions : grammaticalization of _ jiu _ and _ cai _ in mandarin chinese """""""" 12 : 10 - 1 : 30 lunch 1 : 30 - 3 : 30 session viii samuel c . s . leung """""""" the development of cantonese aspect marker _ gan _ in a cantonese - speaking child """""""" thomas hun - tak lee """""""" two acquisition studies on quantification shen xiaonan """""""" a study of rhythm in mandarin prosody """""""" chang mei - chih """""""" parametrized account of tone sandhi phenomena in chinese 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 break 4 : 00 - 4 : 50 keynote speech : t . c . tang registration form name : sex : mailing address : affiliation : e - mail address : a . registration fee ( proceedings and 3 lunch boxes included ) : speaker : free audience : us $ 30 b . accomodations : moonlight hotel , hsin - chu city a . a single room will be provided free of charge to speakers for 4 nights ( june 30 - july 3 ) b . the local arrangement committee will reserve rooms in the moonlight hotel for other participants if such service is desired . 1 . nightly rate per single room : us $ 35 . 50 2 . nightly rate per double room ( two beds ) : us $ 51 . 00 ( please indicate sharing roommate and paying roommate ) c . post - symposium buffet a . speaker : free b . audience : us $ 22 total : a + b + c = please send in registration form and payment before june 10 , 1992 . both speakers and audience should register .
  """",0
  478,""""Subject: 4th nottingham international systemic workshop
   
   fourth nottingham international systemic workshop provisional programme keynote speaker : john swales ( michigan ) : genre other contributors : katja pelsmaekers ( antwerp ) : aspects of genre from the perspective of translation bill greaves ( toronto ) : the spoken dimension of genre glenn stillar ( ontario ) : a model-instance perspective on genre marta carretero ( madrid ) : the influence of genre on modality francisca gonzalez ( cordoba ) : interlanuae and the development of communicative competence ann - charlotte lindeberg ( helsinki ) : research articles in economic sciences francesca bargiela ( nottingham ) : business meetins as genre azaveli lwaitama ( dar es salaam ) : academic lectures and political harangues in kiswahili tim gibson ( nottingham ) : theme as one means of differentiating between sub-genres of abstract ignacio vazquez ( zaragoza ) : genre theory and translation maria gonzalez ( santiago ) : theme and initial position relevance . margaret berry ( nottingham ) : genre and / or register mujib rahman ( edinburh ) : an evaluation of the """""""" cars """""""" model for ra introductions caroline stainton ( nottingham ) : a genre-based approach to the understanding of the rhetorical dimension of discourse david hilborn ( nottingham ) : problems of genre-definition in liturical discourse jesus trillo ( madrid ) : continuative themes in oral discourse susan cockcroft ( nottingham ) : persuading people christopher taylor ( udine ) : sl and translation m . hazadiah ( selangor ) : the exchange as an element of topic-framework dirk noel ( antwerp ) : conjunction reconsidered geert craps ( leuven ) : thematic progression analysis reconsidered dionysis goutsos ( birmingham ) : aspects of halliday 's notion of theme and its application to greek adrian hare ( selangor ) : time and modality in law texts sara mills ( loughborough ) : gender and language further information and registration write to : hilary hillier department of english studies university of nottingham ng7 2rd uk fax : + 44 602 420 825 telephone : + 44 602 484848
  """",0
  479,""""Subject: salk insitute job
   
   new research position salk institute for biological studies a new research position has become available for studying the development of sign language and spatial cognition in deaf and hearing children . the candidate will work with a team of deaf and hearing researchers and must be fluent ( or nearly fluent ) in american sign language ; the candidate should have an interest in language acquisition and psycholinguistics . a degree ( ba , ma , or phd ) in linguistics , psychology , or cognitive science is desirable but not mandatory . both deaf and hearing researchers are encouraged to apply . the position can begin as early as june 1st . please send a vita and a letter describing your interests to : dr . ursula bellugi laboratory for language and cognitive studies the salk institute 10010 north torrey pines rd . la jolla , ca 92037 for more information , you can contact dr . karen emmorey at voice : ( 619 ) 453 - 4100 , ext . 417 , or tdd : ( 619 ) 453 - 5470 , or e-mail : emmorey @ salk . bitnet
  """",0
  480,""""Subject: who speaks languages ?
   
   > > from : vicki fromkin < iyo1vaf @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu > > > a much better response than being asked """""""" how many languages do you speak ? """""""" > > while that may still be the layperson 's view of our > > field , it is no longer the view among scientists and academicians across > > the board . vicki fromkin this raises an interesting issue : if linguists do not focus on learning many different languages , then are there any academics who do ? or are they mostly translators ? is it correct to assume that linguiists concerned with formalized grammars and symbol systems , rather than actually using language ? ( the analogy couls be made between a statistician and raw data ) michael sikillian
  """",0
  481,""""Subject: syntax query
   
   a member of the tesl - l list asked why it was possible to say i can't remember the first time ( that ) i played golf but not i can't remember the first time when i played golf clearly the explanation revolves around the adverbial nature of the when - clause . my response centered around that fact . yet , i am not certain what exactly the role of the first time is in all this . obviously it is some kind of modifier . notionally , it seems to have an adverbial type role . is it a specifier of some kind though ? and why is following perfectly fine ? have you forgotten the first time when we played golf and these antigolf fana - tics invaded the country club , stole all the ball and filled the sand traps with quicksand ? michael newman
  """",0
  482,""""Subject: syntax textbooks
   
   i need to order a textbook for a 2nd semester undergraduate syntax class . we used radford for the first semester , and i considering either cowper or haegeman for the second semester . has anyone out there used either of these books ? were you happy with them ? post to me , and i ' ll summarize if there is interest . thanks , * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * aaron broadwell , dept . of linguistics , university at albany - - suny , albany , ny 12222 gb661 @ thor . albany . edu
  """",0
  483,""""Subject: re : 3 . 396 chomsky citations
   
   linguists have a tendency to think that both they and their field are special . the failure to cite work outside one 's time or paradigm is very general and stems from the social nature of academic discourse and society . it 's just as common in biology and physics as it is in linguistics , or in deconstructionist theology , for that matter . so , do n't worry , be happy . cite sapir if you want to , or baudouin de courtenay , my current favorite , but stop thinking that we ' re special or chosen ( though some of us clearly are ! ) .
  """",0
  484,""""Subject: re : 3 . 396 chomsky citations
   
   i think that the large number of chomsky citations in linguistics is unfortunately due largely to the authoritarian nature of the chomsky - spawned linguistics that gets done : theory is simply not acceptable until it has received the imprimatur of chomsky , by his penning an essay or book which incorporates a student 's or accolyte 's idea . this is not so much an impugnment of chomsky : i personally think he is a great linguist ( and political observer ) ; it is rather an impugnment of the chomsky disciples . i gather that the ship of modern ( generative ) linguistics is so terribly tossed in the gales of ( what counts as ) science that every hand looks to the captain for guidance . and so , too often , the captain wears a halo . i think that chomsky would be cited less if linguistics was either more of a science than it is or at least more than its practitioners seem to believe .
  """",0
  485,""""Subject: chomsky citations
   
   although i am a faithful reader of the linguist , i rarely contribute . this is a case , however , where i feel i can contribute with confidence , since i am a professional librarian ( and a linguist by avocation only at this point ) . it is clear that the large majority of citations to the work of chomsky are to his linguistic works , rather than to the more political ones . i looked briefly at the citations to the works of chomsky published in the 1980 's . i used the three databases produced by the institute for scientific information : arts & humanities search , science citation index , and social scisearch . these are the primary source for citation counts in all fields . note that the citation indexes look primarily at journal article references . also note that i did not delve into things in detail , that i made these counts based on short titles only , and that i am not an expert in the works of chomsky . overall , for the three databases , less than 5 % of the citations appear to be to chomsky 's nonlinguistic works ( remember , these are citations to works published in the 1980 's only ) . the percentages did vary between the three databases : arts & humanities - - - - - - - approx 3 % to nonlinguistic works social scisearch - - - - - - - - approx 7 % to nonlinguistic works science citation index - - much < 1 % to nonlinguistic works donna cromer centennial science and engineering library univ of new mexico info3 @ hal . unm . edu
  """",0
  486,""""Subject: re : 3 . 396 chomsky citations
   
   i agree with mark durie that it is less curious that chomsky is cited so much than that others before him are cited so little , at least by linguists . for example , two of the most important issues in multilinear phonology , one fairly recent , the other around since the 70 's , are many-to - one mapping between tones and vowels and * prosodic licensing * , the notion that elements of one linguistic level must belong to units of a higher level ( usually the next level up ) . both of these notions are explicit principles of tagmemic phonology ( on the first cf . the last two paragraphs of pike & pike 1947 , then read the first line of the introduction to goldsmith 's 1976 phd thesis for an interesting contrast ; on the second principle , cf . pike 1967 and his discussion of the ` phonemic hierarchy ' ) . one rarely sees pike quoted in this regard ( e . selkirk has long been an exception to this pattern , though ) . geoff pullum 's nllt column on citation etiquette in linguistics takes up this general problem . this is partially understandable since a lot of tagmemics ' insights take the unappealing form of a disjoint set of ad-hoc commentaries on the last language pike looked at . nevertheless , there is no way to deny that pike is responsible for some brilliant insights into human language . and pike is just one example . there are plenty of others . it is not that anyone needs chomsky to make their work respectable . that is clearly false , whether the individual is saussure or a student . still , if anyone were to seriously doubt that it is chomsky , not saussure , nor bloomfield , nor sapir , nor even jakobson , who ` put linguistics on the map ' of the intellectual disciplines and who has done more to keep it there than anyone else is in need of some psychiatric help . moreover , the fact that chomsky publishes more than any other linguist ( if i am wrong , please correct me - that would be interesting ) does n't hurt his citation index . his output is nearly asimovian . his influence on the field can be seen even at the level of university administration : when a department chairperson wants to convince a university administrator that linguistics has natural intellectual ties to many departments , i do not think that they would drop the names of saussure or pike rather than chomsky . it is worth considering the possibility that many of the citations of chomsky 's work could be due to ignorance - if he said it , or even if we think he did , just cite him and nobody will argue ; why look for the * original * source ? that 's hard work and laziness too often prevails . but it is also true that , like it or not , the source of many of the most interesting ideas in history on human language came from 20d-219 , mit .
  """",0
  487,""""Subject: the """""""" black hole """""""" of pre - chomskyan citations
   
   steve anderson 's new book on morphology should contain the follow - ing epigraph ( if he did n't change it before publication ) : """""""" linguistics will become a science when linguists begin standing on one another 's shoulders instead of one another 's toes """""""" . i think he has a point . we have reached the point where we are redoing some aspects of language more poorly than they were done the first time . the problem may have originated from the fact that little had been done in syntax prior to the work of the generative school ; little , that is , in comparison to what has been done since the instigation of that movement . jakobson 's and halle 's work in distinctive features also clearly superceded pre - vious work , making it difficult to find structuralist work relevant to what is going on today . however , anderson is right in chiding us for carrying this attitude over to morphology , where the current trend in and around massachusetts has hardly moved beyond bloomfield , the first to claim that affixes are regular lexical items . first rate morphologi - cal study goes back to the stoic philosophers , who were the first to tease apart grammatical categories and , on a different track , back to panini . not only is most current morphology failing to cite relevant sources , it is failing to take advantage of the discoveries of struc - turalist , neogrammarian , and even classical morphologists . these pre - decessors were particularly adept at finding problems in the theory of the linguistic sign . varro ( 47-45 ) was the first to attempt to define lexical categories in terms of [ + / - n , + / - v ] as well as lexicalizations . aristotle noticed that grammatical morphemes differed from lexical ones and the stoics first used the terms """""""" signifier """""""" and """""""" signified """""""" . i am jumping into the middle of this discussion but i think mark has touched the real issue : it is less that chomsky and other members of his school are quoted so much than that many others who make contri - butions - - often the same ones - - are quoted to little . the result which i am seeing more and more often is the second , third , fourth reinvention of the wheel . - - rbeard
  """",0
  488,""""Subject: re : 3 . 396 chomsky citations
   
   i ' m neither surprised by the number of chomsky citations , nor their nature , and i do agree that linguistics owes much of its current status to chomsky 's work . however , i do n't think we ought to overemphasize the political citations , since , clearly , the linguistic ones come in droves . and , while vicki 's nobel - prize - winners ' citations speak to this point , let us not shun others that also give our profession honor - - one of my favorites is from woody allan , """""""" the whore of mensa """""""" ( 1972 ) : i ' m on the road a lot . you know how it is - - lonely . . . sure a guy can meet all the bimbos he wants . but really brainy women - - they ' re not easy to find on short notice . """""""" . . . """""""" well , i heard of this young girl . . . for a price , she ' ll come over and discuss any subject . . . symbolism 's extra . """""""" """""""" suppose i wanted noam chomsky explained to me by two girls ? """""""" . . . """""""" it 'd cost you . """""""" i hasten to disassociate myself with the sexism of the citation . lyle campbell
  """",0
  489,""""Subject: re : 3 . 396 chomsky citations
   
   i would like to second mark durie 's concerns with what he calls a """""""" pre-generative black hole in modern citation patterns """""""" . it seems a real problem to me that so many of the younger scholars trained in the chomskian school of linguistics are almost completely ignorant of any work done outside that school . on the other hand it seems those who do have a solid knowledge of the history of ideas in linguistics and have an awareness of typological diversity and have worked seriously with a number of languages tend to produce superior work . a prime example is the work of michael silverstein , whose work is grounded on a very thorough knowledge of the work of sapir , boas , saussure , bloomfield , etc . , as well as experience doing detailed work with american indian and australian languages , as well as a good knowledge of work done in the philosophy of language .
  """",0
  490,""""Subject: re : 3 . 402 queries : language - speakers , syntax , texts
   
   i would like to address the issue of """""""" who speaks languages ? """""""" it seems to me that this is a big problem . while linguists study structures of various kinds , language teachers study literature , and , if they ' re lucky , pedagogy ( very few graduate schools offer any theoretical orientation to teaching to literature students , which is where most college language teachers come from ) . thus many college language teachers must teach without background ( and with resentment , for some ) while they research in a different area entirely . when some linguists teach languages , they teach structures , not speaking . thus , when taking an unusually-taught language under the auspices of a linguistics department , all we did was talk about structure , we never learned to speak it . talking about language was thrown out many years ago as a way to learn to speak ! neither group , unhappy literature teachers nor structure-happy linguists , are likely to improve the image of language learning in this country . leslie morgan morgan @ loyvax
  """",0
  491,""""Subject: re : 3 . 402 queries : language - speakers , syntax , texts
   
   the folks concerned with speaking a lot of languages would include those directing the mormon missionary effort and those who run the schools for diplomats ( etc . ) assigned to a variety of foreign postings . such people are very clever at developing language skills in their students but in part because they are remorselessly practical ( i . e . anti-theoretical ) . it strikes me that the popularity of language instruction by the intuitive method may explain in part why knowledge of grammar ( any sort of rudimentary grammar ) is no longer very common in the general population . lots of people get a dose of english grammar in middle school , but i wonder if that sort of thing will stick when it simply seems to tell you ( or even to misrepresent ) what you know already . if only seventh-grade grammar teachers could convince their students that it is interesting to see how systematically you behave without knowing it ! but this is the age at which one 's children may raise their voices in protest if you seem to be lecturing them about an area in which they lay claim to adult competence . . . . - - rick
  """",0
  492,""""Subject: re : 3 . 402 queries : language - speakers , syntax , texts
   
   in answer to michael sikillian 's query : i like the analogy between linguists / language and statisticians / data . from a somewhat different , though related , point of view , here is another that i think is apt . many people must do calculations of various kinds now and again ( even given the mechanical aids we now have ) . there is a tendency among the laity to re - gard mathematicians as little more than skilled calculators ; but mathema - ticians are not mere calculators - - rather thay are ( to a degree ) investi - gators of the underlying principles of , e . g . , the number system ( and hence of the methods of calculation ) . one particular respect in which i think the analogy is a good one is this . many mathematicians , though not all , are highly adept at calculation . and many linguists , though not all , are ( a ) polyglots , and ( b ) more than routine - ly adept language learners . and the converse holds as well : there are goiod calculators who are n't much good at math and there are good language learners who can't fathom linguistics ( i know whereof i speak , believe me ! ) i suspect , though i am not sure , that you could take this even further . my experience suggests that most linguists get interested in the field as the result of a second language learning experience - - or at least that such an experience has an important influence on them . and i suspect that it 's also true that many mathematicians developed their interest in the beginning from thinking about what they were doing when they did addition , subtraction etc . since this is advanced as an empirical claim ( carefully hedged ) , data bearing on it is / are most welcome . michael kac
  """",0
  493,""""Subject: re : 3 . 402 queries : language - speakers , syntax , texts
   
   about """""""" who speaks languages """""""" : on the one hand i ' m just as frustrated as most linguists with the question """""""" how many languages do you speak """""""" , but on the other hand i think it 's vastly incorrect to say """""""" linguists are concerned only with formalized grammars and symbol systems """""""" . the fact that some of us * are n't * concerned primarily with these issues is why the recent discussion on rules is for us so baffling . there are still some of us who are concerned with very good description of languages and language . not that writing grammars or dictionaries will get us grad students jobs . . . but there are a good number of us who are both fluent in contemporary theory and comfortable with large amounts of detailed language data . sometimes we speak one or more of the languages we ' re studying ; often we learn * about * the languages such that we end up with a very different kind of working knowledge than the native speaker has . many of us for whom careful data-gathering and analysis is a high priority can readily translate bits of the languages we work on , but would n't be much good in a conversation . i really feel that the two tasks are different - - i would n't make a very good simultaneous interpreter , and someone who would probably can't tell you the structural things that i can about the language in question . perhaps this is obvious to the more experienced linguists out there . . . but it 's been rattling around in my head after a couple of conferences where i met ( 1 ) great theoreticians who control very little data ( 2 ) great descrip - tivists who care very little about recent theoretical developments and ( 3 ) a healthy number of people , especially grad students , who cared about both . it seems those in the latter category are trying to be both collectors of raw data and statisticians , in the analogy that 's been offered . any thoughts on this ? kathleen hubbard u . c . berkeley
  """",0
  494,""""Subject: new e - mail network
   
   a n n o u n c i n g asling - l : the e-mail network for people interested in sign linguistics ! this network has been established to discuss linguistic issues related to signed languages . all areas of linguistics will be discussed including syntax , acquisition , phonology , morphology , psycholinguistics , cognition , etc . to subscribe to the network , send a message to the following address : listserv @ yalevm . bitnet the message should include only the following line of text : sub asling - l your real name questions regarding the network can be sent directly to the listowner at : cromano @ uconnvm . bitnet looking forward to having you on board ! christine romano , list owner please pass this on to students or colleagues who may be interested !
  """",0
  495,""""Subject: human sense disambiguation
   
   last year i sent out a request to the linguist list asking the following . . . > i am doing some research into word sense disambiguation applied to > information retrieval . recently i was reading a paper that said , > > """""""" a number of researchers in text processing have observed that people can > consistently determine the sense of a word simply by examining the half > dozen or so words just before and after the word in focus . """""""" > > but then the paper does n't seem to directly reference any papers mentioning > this . i would really like to track down these papers , does anyone have a > reference for them ? someone has just contacted me asking for a summary of the answers . i guess i should ' ve done this ages ago . still , better late than never . i got many replies but not all that many references that were what i needed . here are four references that are probably worth a look . the first two i ' ve found and they are spot on . the others i havn ' t seen . thanks to everyone who replied , it was a great help . y . choueka and s . luisgnan , """""""" disambiguation by short contexts """""""" , """""""" computers and the humanities """""""" , 19 ( 3 ) , pp147 - 157 , 1985 miller , g . a . , """""""" annual review of psychology """""""" , communication , vol 5 , pp401 - 420 , 1954 ( this contains a summary of work carried out by abraham kaplan ) graeme hirst , """""""" semantic interpretation and the resolution of ambiguity """""""" , studies in natural language processing , cambridge university press , 1987 , uk kathleen dahlgren : """""""" naive semantics for natural language understanding """""""" , boston : kluwer , 1988 . + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | mail : mark sanderson , department of computing science , | | the university , glasgow g12 8qq , scotland , uk . | + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | e - mail : sanderso @ dcs . glasgow . ac . uk | | tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 41 339 8855 x6292 < - - - - * * * new number * * * | | fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 41 330 4913 | + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | """""""" i ' m gonna get you in my tent tent tent tent tent | | so we can both experiment ment ment ment ment """""""" | + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
  """",0
  496,""""Subject: re : 3 . 404 chomsky citations
   
   in view of the number of chomsky citations , it is puzzling to note that his ideas are not much used by the deconstructionists or other current """""""" literary theorists """""""" , even when issues of a rather obviously cognitivist nature arise . the major sociolinguists ( who surely qualify as radicals ) are also neglected . instead we find lots of sapir , saussure , and levi - strauss . the view from """""""" intellectual backwaters like paris """""""" ( to add another chomsky citation ) seems somewhat restricted geographically . - - rick
  """",0
  497,""""Subject: re : 3 . 404 chomsky citations
   
   i would like to place a large bet that chomsky is by far the most cited linguist in the postings to the linguist list . . .
  """",0
  498,""""Subject: 3 . 404 chomsky citations
   
   > date : wed , 13 may 92 12 : 48 : 37 - 0400 > from : dever @ pogo . isp . pitt . edu ( dan everett ) > > moreover , the fact that chomsky publishes more than > any other linguist ( if i am wrong , please correct me - that would be > interesting ) does n't hurt his citation index . his output is nearly > asimovian . i know of at least two other linguists whose output is as gargantuan as chomsky 's . it would be nice if someone could actually sit down and see who 's the real champion ( taking into account how long all concerned have been in the job ) . one is anna wierzbicka ( australian national university ) , the other one is pierre swiggers ( katholieke universiteit leuven ) . now , if both of them are quoted far less often than chomsky , it is not because they publish less , but because they deal with areas that for some reason or other appear to be less fashionable than """""""" pure autonomous syntax """""""" . > his influence on the field can be seen even at the level of university > administration : when a department chairperson wants to convince a > university administrator that linguistics has natural intellectual > ties to many departments , i do not think that they would drop the > names of saussure or pike rather than chomsky . agreed , by mentioning wierzbicka or swiggers , you would n't get half as far . but then again , the reason for this is the one mentioned above . > it is worth considering the possibility that many of the citations of > chomsky 's work could be due to ignorance - if he said it , or even if > we think he did , just cite him and nobody will argue ; why look for the > * original * source ? that 's hard work and laziness too often prevails . i ' ve got the distinct impression that the ignorance scenario is indeed a likely one . see for instance manning / parker in language sciences ( 1989 ; their paper on word order hierarchies , with its reference to lightfoot and chomsky ) and my reply in language sciences ( 1991 ; """""""" basic word order frequencies or manning / parker contra tomlin """""""" , pp . 79-88 ) . > date : 13 may 1992 23 : 20 edt > from : robert beard < rbeard @ flint . bucknell . edu > > > jakobson 's > and halle 's work in distinctive features also clearly superceded pre - > vious work , making it difficult to find structuralist work relevant to > what is going on today . hold it . . . in semantics , i clearly feel that structuralist work remains extremely relevant to what is going on today in linguistics . but maybe you guys will all think that what semanticists in general and this semanticist in particular is doing is entirely irrelevant . . . : - )
  """",0
  499,""""Subject: integration and disintegration in phonological theory
   
   dan everett 's comment on my dissertation ( as i ' ve pointed out to him ) , and by implication on how that work fits into the work of its antecedents , is misleading . dan was for some reason alluding to the fact that in the mit version of the dissertation ( though not the one that has circulated from the iulc or published by garland , which are the ones usually cited ) i mentioned in the acknowledgements that my interest in tone started with reading will leben 's 1973 dissertation : a true fact . but the dissertation itself has a chapter , the first , entirely devoted to the proposition that this work was a continuation of a discussion that has been going on in american phonology since the 1940s ! dan , i think , sees pike as the most important theoretician to cite in that period ; in my writing , i ' ve focused more on bloch , harris , and ( in my 1980 book ) on hockett , rather than pike , but this is more a matter of style and taste than anything else . [ on the same theme , i have a paper coming out ( perhaps it has come out already ) in the journal of linguistics on the genealogical connections between prosodic ( firthian ) phonology and autosegemmental phonology . ] dan has also pointed out that some of the major contributors to phonology during this period who are still very much alive and intellectual active have felt slighted by the lack of citation of their work . as i tried to suggest in my paper on firthian phonology , this is more an indictment of normal human expectations of courtesy than it is the result of people actually forgetting about these phonologists ' good , published ideas ( there is much less of that latter sin than many people wish to believe - - a point that geoff huck and i have made in a recent paper on the relation of generative semantics to current syntactic theory ) . however - - and again from a purely human point of view - - i wonder how many people , like myself , who were publishing material on nonlinear phonology in , say , its first ten years ( 1975 to 1985 ) ever received a note from one of these contributers to the literature in the 1940s and 1950s ? speaking just for myself , i am sure i would have been galvanized to have been dropped a note by . . . any of a number of linguists ; in more recent years , i ' ve had the opportunity to discuss the history of the field , in writing and in person , with a number of these linguists . but i would have been absolutely delighted to have received such a comment , a bit of mild reproof perhaps from an established contributor ( who , now , i can perceive as feeling left out ) . i never did . anyone else ? john goldsmith
  """",0
  500,""""Subject: 3 . 405 languages , citation
   
   prompted by margaret winters 's lament that students are n't being given a good historical appreciation of their subject , i picked robins 's ` short history of linguistics ' from my shelf . interestingly ` linguistics in the present century ' is the eighth and final chapter ( pp . 198 - - 233 ) . melville bell appears on 203 , along with sweet ; then comes trubetzkoy ( p . 204 ) , jespersen , hjelmslev ( 206 ) , boas , sapir , bloomfield ( 207 ) , harris ( 210 ) , hockett ( 211 ) , """""""" in recent years """""""" pike ( 212 ) , firth and malinowski ( 213 ) , halliday ( 221 ) , jakobson ( 222 ) , n . j . marr ( 225 ) ( remember him ? ) , lamb and chomsky ( 226 ) , katz and postal ( 227 ) , and that 's it ! ( the book was first published in 1967 ) . - - - john coleman
  """",0
  501,""""Subject: 3 . 405 languages , citation
   
   let me respond in general to the """""""" do you speak many languages ? """""""" issue . let 's extend the statistician analogy . let 's say we ask our statistician , """""""" do you care about the individual data points ? """""""" s : yes , as long as they contribute to my model i : but you see yourself as independent of the data ? s : yes , as a statitician , my function is to discover the underlying structure from the data points . if i collect environmental data from bar harbor maine , it is no more important than if i did from seymour , indiana . what is significant is the rules , structure and theories which can be made from the individual data points . i : does the domain ( ie . subject area ) matter to you ? s : not except for some sentimental reason . whether it is environmental data or the performance of computer systems , it is all the same . the methodology is what matters . i : would you object to being a special branch of mathematics or computer science ? s : no , no . statistics is quite different . i : ultimately , are n't you justy applying mathematical methods under a different guise ? s : but the environment is different than anything else . i : have n't you just contradicted yourself ? s : let me rephrase then : the results have different effects depending on subject matter . i : but you are not concerned with the individuals in bar harbor , for whom particulates or acid rain is a large concern . you do n't want to understand the data nor make decisions based on it ? s : no , that is too remorselessly practical . i am a theoretician . i prefer to develop theories about statistics rather than gain any understanding of what , say . 001 m vs . 005 m particulates means in a given area . i focus on knowing about rather than knowing . if this ( fairly transparent ) dialogue did not make the point , let me add this ( more topical ) reference . if i know that the line : spargens humida mella soporiferumque papaver , and write a paper that says sparg + e + ns ( present participle marker ) humid + a ( neuter plural marker ) then develop a rule for the grammar used in this piece , rewite it in the phonetic alphabet , i will know a lot , from the point of whatever linguistic area i am coming from ( transformational grammar , phonetics , etc ) . and i can develop a rather * wonderful * description of the language used . but i think it is ultimately inadequate : for this line ( from virgil 's 4th aeneid ) is not the same as a mathematical data point of . 005 ppm . there is a vast difference between a formalized description of something , of knowing about language , and knowing a language . * translation : sprinkling moist honey and sleep-bearing poppy .
  """",0
  502,""""Subject: youth - gang lipolalia
   
   pardon the neologism : lipogram = writing without using a designated letter , thus lipolalia would be the corresponding practice in speech . compare the discussion of english - prime of a few months ago . martin walker of the manchester guardian reports from los angeles about the youth gangs : """""""" the bloods , who never use a word beginning with the letter c of their rivals , the cripps , who in turn never use a word beginning with b for blood , are perhaps the best known . """""""" urban myth , or linguistic data ? can anyone ( dis ) corroborate ? - - - - lee hartman , southern illinois university
  """",0
  503,""""Subject: query : sexist example sentences
   
   i know that some time in the past ( the 70 's ? ) some linguists became aware of the tendency to perpetuate sexist stereotypes in example sentences ( """""""" john is a doctor """""""" ; """""""" mary is a nurse """""""" ) , leading to the use of gender-neutral names in examples ( kim , sandy , chris , etc . ) . my question is : did anyone ever do ( and maybe publish ) a study of this tendency in actual example sentences in linguistics textbooks or articles ? thanks . monica macaulay
  """",0
  504,""""Subject: re : 3 . 395 rules
   
   g . vanden wyngaerd writes : > 3 . 387 martti arnold nyman < manyman @ finuha . bitnet > writes : > ( 1 ) a is [ the man who is tall ] _ _ in the room ? > b is [ the man who _ _ tall ] is in the room ? > > why would a more or less random distribution over ( 1a ) and ( 1b ) be > expectable in the acquisition stage , if speakers unfailingly - - and so , > as the only pattern for children to base inductive generalizations on - - > produce ( 1a ) ? > the assumption implicit in nyman 's question is that children only > produce what they hear . this is plainly incorrect . children do not hear > forms like """""""" buyed """""""" , """""""" eated """""""" , or """""""" goed """""""" , yet they all go through a stage > where they produce these forms . this can only be because they make > generalisations ( rules , if you like ) , which go beyond what they hear . now > given that the main source of evidence on yes-no questions at the child 's > disposal will overwhelmingly consist of simple sentences of the form """""""" is > the man _ _ in the room """""""" , the child could make the generalisation either > in way : in terms of linear precedence ( """""""" front the first finite verb """""""" , > yielding ( 1b ) ) or in terms of hierarchical structure ( """""""" front the finite verb > which follows the subject """""""" , yielding ( 1a ) ) . the fact that children do not > make mistakes in this respect ( ie do not form ( 1b ) ) clearly shows that > the rule is not one learned by experience , the relevant experience not > being rich enough to determine the nature of the rule and not being > able to explain the absence of mistakes . there are a number of interesting things about wyngaerd 's statement here . 1 ) forms like """""""" buyed """""""" , """""""" goed """""""" , and """""""" eated """""""" may occur in child speech , but they are in a minority . the vast majority of attempts at irregular verbs are produced correctly . ( gary marcus and his colleagues at mit have a monograph on this that is not yet out . ) children do tend to produce what they here , at least statistically . 2 ) the assumption is made , in the absence of any data , that children rarely hear adults produce sentences like ( 1a ) above . this is an amazing claim , and i doubt that it is true . 3 ) even if it were true , wyngaerd is making generalizations about learning in the absence of a theory of learning . these last two things are unfortunately very common . why do we think that it 's ok to say , """""""" there 's no data on this , but if there were , i ' m sure it would be x """""""" , and expect people to take it seriously ? or """""""" i have no theory of learning , but i ' m sure that it would n't predict x """""""" ? i ' m a phonologist , and i have n't kept up with changes in syntactic theory , and i ' m sure that i would n't be allowed to get away with statements like """""""" i have no reasonable formal theory of syntax , but if i did , i ' m sure that it could n't accommodate subj-aux inversion , so all theories of formal syntax must be wrong """""""" . but this statement is no different in kind from the other ones . one last statement implicit in much work in linguistics : """""""" i have no theory of genetics , ontogeny , or evolutionary biology , but i ' m sure that if i did , modern linguistic assumptions about innateness would fit in real well . """""""" maybe we should ask a bit more of ourselves that we often do . - - - joe stemberger
  """",0
  505,""""Subject: rules , innateness , psychological reality
   
   guido vanden wyngaerd ( vol-3 - 395 ) claims that the wh-island constraint is innate . if it is innate , there is really nothing to explain . to vindicate his claim , wyngaerd purports to show that cognitive principles such as analogy make false predictions about how the structure of yes-no questions is acquired : if it were acquired by analogy , one would expect a more or less random distribution over ( 1a ) and ( 1b ) : ( 1 ) a is [ the man who is tall ] _ _ in the room ? b * is [ the man who _ _ tall ] is in the room ? as the reason for this distributional expectation wyngaerd gives this : > given that the main source of evidence on yes-no questions at the child 's > disposal will overwhelmingly consist of simple sentences of the form """""""" is > the man _ _ in the room """""""" , the child could make the generalisation either > in way : in terms of linear precedence ( """""""" front the first finite verb """""""" , > yielding ( 1b ) ) or in terms of hierarchical structure ( """""""" front the finite verb > which follows the subject """""""" , yielding ( 1a ) ) . the fact that children do not > make mistakes in this respect ( ie do not form ( 1b ) ) clearly shows that > the rule is not one learned by experience , the relevant experience not > being rich enough to determine the nature of the rule and not being > able to explain the absence of mistakes . the above passage proves nothing . it would be interesting , indeed , to hear psycholinguists ' opinions about this kind of conjectural psycholinguistics . meanwhile , let me continue conjecturing , for the sake of argument . that """""""" the relevant experience [ is not ] rich enough to determine the nature of the rule """""""" echoes the well-known ' poverty of stimulus ' argument , which has never been proven . in the case at hand , it is easy to conjecture what sort of data / experience is relevant for a child to infer that yes-no questions are formed in terms of hierarchical structure . consider where-questions : where is [ x ] ? [ x ] is in z . is [ x ] in z ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - where is [ x who is y ] ? [ x who is y ] is in z . is [ x who is y ] in z ? in principle , analogy works here quite well : the where-question displays the hierarchy which can be analogically extended to other cases . but i am not concerned with whether or not analogy works in this particular case . what i am concerned with is , objecting to wholesale innatism . notice that this does not make me a _ tabula _ rasa _ proselyte . certainly children possess innate cognitive principles and abilities , but from this it does not follow that human beings are necessarily endowed with a grammar as a mental organ ; nor does it follow that the cognitive principles are linguistic or grammatical in nature . it should be clear from my earlier postings that i do not hold that """""""" children only produce what they hear """""""" . so , i concur with wyngaerd 's view that > children do not hear > forms like """""""" buyed """""""" , """""""" eated """""""" , or """""""" goed """""""" , yet they all go through a stage > where they produce these forms . this can only be because they make > generalizations ( rules , if you like ) , which go beyond what they hear . i expect wyngaerd to concur with me that forms like """""""" buyed """""""" , """""""" eated """""""" , or """""""" goed """""""" are due to analogy . > as far as the rest of nyman 's remarks is concerned , i still fail to > see how and why they motivate a distinction between grules and lrules : in his _ knowledge _ of _ grammar _ ( 1986 ) , chomsky speaks of rules as follws : """""""" it might be appropriate to describe the way a sheep dog collects the flock , or the way a spider spins a web , or the way a cockroach walks in terms of rule following , with reference to underlying """""""" competence """""""" consisting of rules of some sort . . . """""""" ( 239 ) . if you think this is analogical to linguistic behavior , you won't need recognize the conceptual distinction between social norms-of - language ( l - rules as objects of common knowledge ) and theoretical generalizations as formulated by a linguist ( g - rules ) . g ( rammatical ) rules need not be psychologically real , but if they are supposed to be psychologically valid , this means that g - rules are supposed to describe what the internalized rule must consist in ; no one knows how """""""" brain rules """""""" are represented ( mentalese ? ) . martti nyman department of linguistics , university of helsinki , finland
  """",0
  506,""""Subject: re : 3 . 408 adjuncts
   
   on the use of """""""" when """""""" as equivalent to """""""" that """""""" in sentences like """""""" i remember the time when i first played golf """""""" cf . the spatial neighbor """""""" where """""""" in e . g . """""""" i can't see my way clear to where i could do that for you """""""" , or the mathematicians ' usage ( """""""" where x ranges over some entities . . . . """""""" ) . - - rick
  """",0
  507,""""Subject: re : 3 . 408 adjuncts
   
   re michael newman 's query and the responses : in my english """""""" when """""""" is permissable as a rel . cl . marker and c . l . baker . 1989 . english syntax . explicitly says so on p . 238 . i do n't agree that any kind of elision has taken place or that it is an adverbial clause of time . the problem if there is one is simply the collocation of the two words """""""" time """""""" and """""""" when """""""" which do n't sit comfortably together to the english ear . consider for acceptability : 1 ) i remember the first occasion when we played golf . the rejection of """""""" when """""""" in the sentence newman cites : 2 ) i do n't remember the first time when i played golf . is made not on structural or syntactic grounds but purely on the basis i suggest that """""""" time """""""" means """""""" when """""""" and thus sounds awkward . on a scale of acceptability the following sentence might lie twixt the others : 3 ) i remember the first day when i played golf . since day is less basically a word like """""""" time """""""" ( = meaning when ) we may judge this as more acceptable . """""""" that """""""" is also perhaps by choice the strongest marker in english of restrictiveness in rel . cl . and since that is what the function of these rel clauses are to restrict the """""""" day """""""" or """""""" time """""""" we prefer """""""" that """""""" in a """""""" formal """""""" sense . as to the chaining with """""""" and """""""" , i suspect that what those kinds of sentences represent are : 4 ) i remember the first day when we played golf ( delete and ) that these noisy buggers came along and ruined our game . """""""" and """""""" is effectively introducing an np that . . . not another rel cl . lloyd holliday school of education la trobe university , melbourne edulh @ lure . latrobe . edu . au
  """",0
  508,""""Subject: re : 3 . 408 adjuncts
   
   in a language where many speakers confuse """""""" which """""""" and """""""" that """""""" , is it any surprise that there is flexibility regarding """""""" that """""""" and """""""" when """""""" ? can anyone name the first scholar who noted these things ? < grin > eric schiller
  """",0
  509,""""Subject: tolkienian linguistics
   
   i know that the subject of tolkienian linguistics is not exactly at the forefront of modern linguisitic research , but i also know that many modern linguists were inspired , in whole or in part , by the life and linguistic creations of j . r . r . tolkien , whose centenary is being celebrated this year . so , in that spirit , i would like to let everyone here know about """""""" vinyar tengwar """""""" ( issn 1054-7606 ) , a bimonthly journal devoted to formal study of tolkien 's linguistic work , with primary focus on his invented languages , especially quenya and sindarin ( noldorin ) . """""""" vinyar tengwar """""""" is refereed , and is now indexed by the mla . it is published in bulletin format , with a typical issue containing 32 pages . """""""" vt """""""" will enter its fifth year of continuous publication in september . current areas of discussion include the indo - european connections of the eldarin tongues , analyses of the corpus , formal aspects of the various languages , foreign translations , etc . past issues have featured the book quenya noun declension chart , and analyses of several otherwise unpublished quenya samples . subscriptions to """""""" vt """""""" are for one year ( 6 issues ) ; the rates are $ 12 in the united states , $ 15 canada and overseas surface mail , and $ 18 overseas airmail . all payments must be in us dollars : foreign subscribers are encouraged to use an international postal money order . send all subscriptions , and make all checks payable , to : carl f . hostetter editor , """""""" vinyar tengwar """""""" 2509 ambling circle crofton , md 21114
  """",0
  510,""""Subject: the merry month
   
   thanks to rick wojcik for remembering to remember these . . . jim mccawley dates in the month of may that are of interest to linguists may 2 , 1919 . baudouin de courtenay concedes defeat in his bid for the presidency of poland . may 3 , 1955 . mouton & co . discover how american libraries order books and scheme to cash in by starting several series of books on limericks . the person given charge of this project mishears and starts several series of books on linguistics . no one ever notices the mistake . may 5 , 1403 . the great english vowel shift begins . giles of tottenham calls for ale at his favorite pub and is perplexed when the barmaid tells him that the fishmonger is next door . may 6 , 1939 . the university of chicago trades leonard bloomfield to yale university for two janitors and an undisclosed number of concrete gargoyles . may 7 , 1966 . r-less pronunciation is observed in eight kindergarten pupils in secaucus , n . j . the governor of new jersey stations national guardsmen along the banks of the hudson . may 9 , 1917 . n . ja . marr discovers rosh , the missing link for japhetic unity . may 11 , 1032 . holy roman emperor conrad ii orders isoglosses erected across northern germany as defense against viking intruders . may 12 , 1965 . sydney lamb announces discovery of the hypersememic stratum , setting off a wave of selling on the nyse . may 13 . vowel day . ( public holiday in kabardian autonomous region ) . the ceremonial vowel is pronounced by all kabardians as a symbol of brotherhood with all speakers of human languages . may 14 , 519 b . c . birth of panini . may 15 , 1964 . j . katz and j . fodor are separated in 5 - hour surgery from which neither recovers . may 17 , 1966 . j . r . ross tells a clean joke . may 18 , 1941 . quang phuc dong is captured by the japanese and interned for the duration of hostilities . may 19 . diphthong day . ( public holiday in australia ) may 20 , 473 b . c . publisher returns to panini a manuscript entitled _ saptadhyayi _ with a note requesting the addition of a chapter on phonology . panini begins struggling to meet the publisher 's deadline . may 21 , 1962 . first mention of the _ sound _ pattern _ of _ english as ` in press ' . may 23 , 38 , 471 b . c . god creates language . may 26 , 1945 . zellig harris applies his newly formulated discovery procedures and discovers [ t ] . may 27 , 1969 . george lakoff discovers the global rule . supermarkets in cambridge , mass . are struck by frenzied buying of canned goods . may 29 , 1962 . angular brackets are discovered . classes at m . i . t . are dismissed and much latvian plum brandy is consumed . may 30 , 1939 . charles f . hockett finishes composing the music for the linguistic society of america 's anthem , ` can you hear the difference ? ' may 31 , 1951 . chomsky discovers affix - hopping and is reprimanded by his father for discovering rules on shabas .
  """",0
  511,""""Subject: new journal : languages of the world
   
   new journal : languages of the world issue no . 3 has just appeared scientific advisory board : l . o . adewole ( ile - ife ) s . brauner ( leipzig ) u . claudi ( cologne ) m . job ( marburg ) a . kaye ( fullerton ) j . j . song ( singapore ) t . stolz ( bochum ) editor : u . lueders ( munich ) contents of the third issue : a . k . maltsukov ( st . petersburg ) : distributive constructions and verbal valence in even ( manchu - tungusic ) u . lueders ( munich ) : ergativity and actant marking in pazar laz ( kartvelian ) l . o . adewole ( ile - ife ) : reference in yoruba pronouns and : the linguistic news lines with about 200 pieces of information on the linguistic scene around the world . languages of the world is published by lincom europa . lincom europa was founded to offer linguists additional possibilities for publishing their work . especially the p&e system ( pay & earn ) enables linguists to publish their work in a fast , uncomplicated and independent manner . to order languages of the world , please write to lincom europa sportplatzstrasse 6 d - w-8044 unterschleissheim / muenchen ( 10 issues us $ 140 , for individuals $ 100 , for students $ 68 )
  """",0
  512,""""Subject: athapaskan language conference
   
   1992 athabaskan linguistics conference july 4 - 5 , flagstaff arizona preliminary program saturday , july 4 9-10 coffee and registration 10 : 00 sharon hargus , university of washington title tba 10 : 30 john files , university of texas , austin autosegmental analysis of tone in navajo verbs coffee 11 : 30 martha wright , syracuse university another look at word-formation with classifiers in navajo 12 : 00 gloria emerson aspects of a navajo language program 12 : 30 - 2 lunch 2 : 00 brian potter , university of arizona navajo compounding : an interaction between syntax and morphology 2 : 30 peggy speas , university of massachusetts mapping indefinite nps in navajo 3 : 00 eloise jelinek , university of arizona pronoun attachment to the verb in athapaskan break 4 : 00 ann beck , northern arizona university developing a test of language dominance for navajo children 4 : 30 alyce neundorf , northern arizona university future prospects for navajo language study sunday , july 5 10 : 00 jim kari , title tba 10 : 30 siri tuttle , university of washington nasal harmony in galice athabaskan coffee break 11 : 30 chad thompson , indiana univ . and purdue univ . at fort wayne the metrics of koyukon verb prefixes 12 : 00 sally midgette aspect and transitivity in navajo 12 : 30 - 2 : 00 lunch 2 : 00 robert young , university of new mexico title to be announced 2 : 30 willem dereuse , university of arizona testing the degree of mutual intelligibility between navajo and western apache 3 : 00 report on the workshops at navajo community college all talks will be held at the northern arizona university center for excellence in education . a block of rooms has been reserved at the inn at northern arizona university , which is a motel located on campus . you may reserve a room by calling ( 602 ) 523-9011 . some accommodations in the nau dormitories will also be available . for information on this , contact alyse neundorf at the center for excellence in education , ( 602 ) 523-9528 . for information by email , contact peggy speas . ( speas @ cs . umass . edu )
  """",0
  513,""""Subject: re : 3 . 405 languages , citation
   
   michael kac 's mathematics analogy is interesting and appropriate . i would extend it even to mathematicians who can't figure the tip on a dinner bill without a calculator , and linguists who are only fluent in their native language . unfortunately , this analogy is useless for the many people who understand neither field . like the rest of you , i have had my share of """""""" how many languages do you speak ? """""""" similarly , as an undergraduate math major , a common reaction was """""""" oh , so you ' re going to be a cpa like your mother ? """""""" melody sutton ucla
  """",0
  514,""""Subject: re : 3 . 405 languages
   
   in the context of """""""" who speaks languages ? """""""" let me comment on how one becomes a linguist . michael kac writes : > i suspect , though i am not sure , that you could take this even further . my > experience suggests that most linguists get interested in the field as the > result of a second language learning experience - - or at least that such an > experience has an important influence on them . this might be true for many linguists . i would like to generalize this observation : it seems to me that many linguists have entered the field because at some point in their lives they have had trouble with using language or with communication in general . this could have been while learning a ( first or ) second language . this could have been because of growing up in a multi-language environment or because of a physical handicap such as stutter . linguistics then serves as a ( formal ) tool to compensate for this deficiency . i can vividly remember how i struggled with german punctuation rules in 6th grade and how i felt relieved when i began to understand the structure of sentences and how this knowledge could be applied to find the correct spot for commas , etc . this started my interested in linguistics and that is how i ended up as a ( computational ) linguist . i 'd be very interested to learn if there is more evidence for my hypothesis . martin volk * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * martin volk * university koblenz - landau tel ( + 49 ) 261-9119 - 469 * institute of computational linguistics * rheinau 3 - 4 fax ( + 49 ) 261-37524 * w-5400 koblenz , germany email volk @ brian . uni-koblenz . de * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  515,""""Subject: words to live ( and rock ) by [ linguists in the mass media
   
   in case you missed it , the following excerpts are taken from the current ( april / may 1992 ) issue of lingua franca , p . 5 we ' ve heard of some unusual career trajectories but our favorite has to be that of robert leonard , who started his professional life as lead singer of the fifties retread group sha na na ( photos show a sullenly handsome guy in saran wrap - tight gold lam ' e and a pompadour like a fallen souffl ' e ) and ended up - - you guessed it - - as a theoretical linguist with a specialization in swahili . . . leonard simply realized he would ' rather be a fifty-year - old linguistics professor than a fifty-year - old rocker ' . """""""" [ and who of us would dispute that sentiment ? ] the prosaic data : bob leonard 's ph . d . was awarded by columbia u . , thesis title """""""" the semantic system of deixis in standard swahili """""""" , and he 's teaching at hofstra u . on long island .
  """",0
  516,""""Subject: re : 3 . 403 human subjects
   
   i am not clear about the laws outside the uk but surely the problem with using human subjects speaking is copyright ? unless you have clearance fronm them use of theri words in an y ' published ' form might contravene their rights . certaibly authors of ' authetntic ' , aterr / materials have faced this issue for soime time .
  """",0
  517,""""Subject: re : 3 . 399 human subjects
   
   when our graduate seminar in linguistics of asl was preparing to videotape deaf native signers , at berkeley in the late seventies , our """""""" informed consent """""""" forms had to specify what uses we might eventually make of the tapes and data and request the subjects ' assent to them . one aspect of that experience bears on the question of adults with low literacy . we all wrote our own forms . one member of the seminar focused on the legal and contractual nature of the document and wrote a very legalese text , in the formal style distinctive of laws and contracts and incorporating many of the obscure and highly formal archaisms often noted therein : - ) . ( example made up from memory : """""""" . . . whereas the party of the first part may at some future time herein unspecified desire to exhibit such tapes . . . """""""" ) . another student , keeping in mind the low english skills of many deaf people , wrote a form that tended to short , conversational statements and questions ( """""""" . . . i may want to show parts of these tapes to other linguists so i can tell them about the things i find out about asl . is that ok with you ? please initial : yes _ _ _ _ or no _ _ _ _ . . . . """""""" ) the consensus of the group was that the second style was much preferable . it 's perfectly possible to be precise without being complex or obscure , and a document that your subject can't understand runs a great risk of obtaining consent without providing information . i ' m not sure how we handled the issue of subjects unable to understand even a simple - english form , or whether it came up . we may have had a certified interpreter explain it to the prospective subject and discuss it to be sure the subject understood , while videotaping this whole discussion , and having the interpreter start by explaining that we were taping and getting the subject 's consent to that . this tape would then accompany the signed ( = """""""" signatured """""""" ) consent form . mark a . mandel dragon systems , inc . : speech recognition : + 1 617 965-5200 320 nevada st . : newton , mass . 02160 , usa
  """",0
  518,""""Subject: conference aisb ' 93 call for papers
   
   = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = aisb ' 93 conference : announcement and call for papers theme : """""""" prospects for ai as the general science of intelligence """""""" 29 march - - 2 april 1993 university of birmingham = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 1 . introduction 2 . invited talks 3 . topic areas for submitted papers 4 . timetable for submitted papers 5 . paper lengths and submission details 6 . call for referees 7 . workshops and tutorials 8 . lagb conference 9 . email , paper mail , phone and fax . 1 . introduction the society for the study of artificial intelligence and the simulation of behaviour ( one of the oldest ai societies ) will hold its ninth bi-annual conference on the dates above at the university of birmingham . the site is manor house , a charming and convivial residential hall close to the university . tutorials and workshops are planned for monday 29th march and the morning of tuesday 30th march , and the main conference will start with lunch on tuesday 30th march and end on friday 2nd april . the programme chair is aaron sloman , and the local arrangements organiser is donald peterson , both assisted by petra hickey . the conference will be """""""" single track """""""" as usual , with invited speakers and submitted papers , plus a """""""" poster session """""""" to allow larger numbers to report on their work , and the proceedings will be published . the conference will cover the usual topic areas for conferences on ai and cognitive science . however , with the turn of the century approaching , and with computer power no longer a major bottleneck in most ai research ( apart from connectionism ) it seemed appropriate to ask our invited speakers to look forwards rather than backwards , and so the theme of the conference will be """""""" prospects for ai as the general science of intelligence """""""" . submitted papers exploring this are also welcome , in addition to the normal technical papers . 2 . invited talks so far the following have agreed to give invited talks : prof david hogg ( leeds ) """""""" prospects for computer vision """""""" prof allan ramsay ( dublin ) """""""" prospects for natural language processing by machine """""""" prof glyn humphreys ( birmingham ) """""""" prospects for connectionism - science and engineering """""""" . prof ian sommerville ( lancaster ) """""""" prospects for ai in systems design """""""" titles are provisional . 3 . topic areas for submitted papers papers are invited in any of the normal areas represented at ai and cognitive science conferences , including : ai in design , ai in software engineering teaching ai and cognitive science , analogical and other forms of reasoning applications of ai , automated discovery , control of actions , creativity , distributed intelligence , expert systems , intelligent interfaces intelligent tutoring systems , knowledge representation , learning , methodology , modelling affective processes , music , natural language , naive physics , philosophical foundations , planning , problem solving , robotics , tools for ai , vision , papers on neural nets or genetic algorithms are welcomed , but should be capable of being judged as contributing to one of the other topic areas . papers may either be full papers or descriptions of work to be presented in a poster session . 4 . timetable for submitted papers submission deadline : 1st september 1992 date for notification of acceptances : mid october 1992 date for submission of camera ready final copy : mid december 1992 the conference proceedings will be published . long papers and invited papers will definitely be included . selected poster summaries may be included if there is space . 5 . paper length and submission details full papers : 10 pages maximum , a4 or 8 . 5 """""""" x11 """""""" , no smaller than 12 point print size times roman or similar preferred , in letter quality print . poster submissions 5 pages summary excessively long papers will be rejected without being reviewed . all submissions should include 1 . full names and addresses of all authors 2 . electronic mail address if available 3 . topic area 4 . label : """""""" long paper """""""" or """""""" poster summary """""""" 5 . abstract no longer than 10 lines . 6 . statement certifying that the paper is not being submitted elsewhere for publication . 7 . an undertaking that if the paper is accepted at least one of the authors will attend the conference . three copies are required . 6 . call for referees anyone willing to act as a reviewer during september should write to the programme chair , with a summary cv or indication of status and experience , and preferred topic areas . 7 . workshops and tutorials the first day and a half of the conference are allocated to workshops and tutorials . these will be organised by dr hyacinth s . nwana , and anyone interested in giving a workshop or tutorial should contact him at : department of computer science , university of keele , staffs . st5 5bg . u . k . phone : + 44 782 583413 , or + 44 782 621111 ( x 3413 ) email janet : nwanahs @ uk . ac . keele . cs bitnet : nwanahs % cs . kl . ac . uk @ ukacrl uucp : . . . ! ukc ! kl-cs ! nwanahs other : nwanahs @ cs . keele . ac . uk 8 . lagb conference . shortly before aisb ' 93 , the linguistics association of great britain ( lagb ) will hold its spring meeting at the university of birmingham from 22-24 th march , 1993 . for more information , please contact dr . william edmondson : postal address as below ; phone + 44 - ( 0 ) 21-414 - 4763 ; email edmondsonwh @ vax1 . bham . ac . uk 9 . email , paper mail , phone and fax . email : * aisb93 - prog @ cs . bham . ac . uk ( for communications relating to submission of papers to the programme ) * aisb93 - delegates @ cs . bham . ac . uk ( for information on accommodation , meals , programme etc . as it becomes available - - - enquirers will be placed on a mailing list ) address : aisb ' 93 ( prog ) or aisb ' 93 ( delegates ) , school of computer science , the university of birmingham , edgbaston , birmingham , b15 2tt , u . k . phone : + 44 - ( 0 ) 21-414 - 3711 fax : + 44 - ( 0 ) 21-414 - 4281 donald peterson , april 1992 .
  """",0
  519,""""Subject: closing linguistics at soas call for help ! ! !
   
   soas department of phonetics and linguistics to be closed in october 1992 dear colleagues , on tuesday may 19 , dr david bennett , head of our department , was told that we would cease functioning as of october of this year . we are a department of the school of oriental and african studies of the university of london . the members of our department are : dr david bennett prof thea bynon dr wynn chao dr monik charette dr katrina hayward dr richard hayward * dr george hewitt * * dr bruce ingham prof jonathan kaye prof ruth kempson * cross appointed with the africa department * * cross appointed with the near and middle east department our department offers degrees at the ba , ma , mphil and phd level . approximately 60 students , mostly at the postgraduate level are enrolled . many other students , particularly from university college , london ( ucl ) take courses with us . we run an ma - linguistics and an ma - phonetics programme jointly with ucl . we also have an ma in english - arabic applied linguistics and translation together with birbeck college . all these programmes will of course be affected by this decision . the department of phonetics and linguistics is the oldest linguistic department in the u . k . it was the home of the """""""" london school """""""" which received worldwide attention under the intellectual leadership of prof jr firth . his chair , which i occupy today , was the first chair of linguistics in the u . k . over the years our graduates have distinguished themselves in many areas of linguistics . later postings will provide a partial list of the more well known soas graduates . it is acknowledged , even by the administration of soas , that we remain a centre of academic excellence in our field . the decision to close the soas linguistics department was made with no consultation , no advanced warning . it was a result of discussions by the governing body of the school , the finance and general purposes committee and the management committee . there is no linguistic representation on any of these bodies . the reasons given for closing the department are : ( 1 ) severe budget cuts ( 2 ) our low number of undergraduate students ( 3 ) the """""""" general perception """""""" that our department is not well integrated into the school . it was stated that , among the options considered closing our department would cause the """""""" least harm """""""" to the school . no one was present to represent the linguistics side of the story . this decision will be presented to the academic board of the school on wednesday may 27 . the academic board has an advisory role only but we are hoping to mobilise school opinion against this decision . unlike similar cases in other countries , most of the members of our department will not be redeployed elsewhere in the school . recent legislation has virtually destroyed the notion of tenure in the u . k . many of us are facing """""""" premature retirement """""""" , """""""" redundancy """""""" or some form of """""""" severance """""""" agreement . the administration of the school seems to feel that we will easily find jobs and that terminating our employment at the school will cause us no undue hardships . given the administration 's figures for the cost of severing their relation with us , the offers that we are likely to receive from the school will not be very attractive . as of now , no statement has been forthcoming about our future at the school but the director has stated that he will be meeting with us individually next week . we will keep you posted on this aspect . if you would like to do something to try and help us stop the closing of our department , please send ( in order of preference ) a fax or a letter to me at the address and fax number given below . if possible use your institution 's letterhead . please feel free to make comments about our department as a whole or about individual members with whose work or reputation you are familiar . pass this message along to your colleagues and encourage them to write as well . if you feel so inclined , departmental resolutions reflecting your opinion of this event would be quite helpful . i hope to be able to arrive at next wednesday 's meeting with an armful of your letters ( copies of all letters will be sent to our director ) and your support will do a lot to improve our spirits . this will be a long and difficult struggle both for our department and for our jobs and careers . thank you in advance for listening and for your support . jonathan kaye professor of general linguistics department of phonetics & linguistics school of oriental and african studies thornhaugh street , russell square london , wc1h 0xg u . k . e-mail : jk @ ukacrl . earn jk @ uk . ac . rl . ib ( janet ) fax number : ( 44 ) + 71-436 - 3844
  """",0
  520,""""Subject: soas ceases all publications and cancels linguistics !
   
   forwarded from indology : date : wed , 20 may 92 14 : 25 : 06 + 0100 reply - to : indology discussion list < indology @ liverpool . ac . uk > sender : owner of indology < qq43 @ liverpool . ac . uk > from : dominik wujastyk < ucgadkw @ ucl . ac . uk > on monday this week the management committee of soas decided to close the soas publications ' department , and also the department of linguistics . later the same day , all staff members connected with these departments were given notice that their contracts would terminate in september 1992 . this means that the bulletin of soas , a pillar of indological publication , will disappear , along with all other book series etc . discussions will be initiated with publishers like blackwells and oup to see if they want to take over bsoas , china forum , etc . but it is hard to see how any publishing company will be able to provide the specialized editorial functions which have until now been supported by soas . the loss of the complete linguistics department is equally horrific . the background to this - - as far as i can gather - - is further cause for alarm . apparently soas has always received an annual special funding supplement because the department of education recognised that oriental and african languages are needed by the nation , but will never get the student numbers of other mainstream subjects . this enabled soas to have a higher staff : student ratio than other colleges of london university . this year , the university funding council ( ufc ) forgot to pay the special funding supplement , leaving soas with a financial shortfall of 650 , 000 pounds this year . but when the clerical error was discovered , the ufc refused to make good the amount , and furthermore decided that it would not reinstate the special funding in the future . soas 's response to this is to save money on the most expensive part of their budget , namely staff salaries . i think indology members will agree that the whole story is incredible for many reasons , but nevertheless it is true . it is hard to avoid the impression of farcical mismanagement by the ufc and a devastatingly inadequate response from soas itself . perhaps there are mitigating facts that have not yet come to light , but if so , they are not known to the staff members at soas who have been sacked , nor to other staff members . letters of protest should be addressed to mr . michael mcwilliam , director , school of oriental and african studies , thornhaugh street , russell square , london wc1h 0xg england . dominik
  """",0
  521,""""Subject: closure of famous department of linguistics
   
   we have just heard that the department of linguistics of the school of oriental and african studies in london is threatened with closure . members of the department heard of it this week ; there has been no previous consultation . the school has had its funds cut and decided to cut down on all its publications programme and on its linguistics activities . the department threatened has an illustrious history ; the first ever chair of linguistics in britain was held in soas by firth . at present the members of the department include dr david bennett , prof . theodora bynon , dr wynn chao , dr monik charette , dr katrina haywood , dr dick haywood fba , dr hewitt , dr bruce ingham , prof . jonathan kaye , prof ruth kempson fba , prof . emeritus r . h . robins fba . it is useless to stress how distinguished the department is and how much a school which has primary responsibility for the study of oriental and african languages needs to have a department of linguistics and phonetics . letters of protest should be addressed to the director , school of oriental and african studies , thornhaugh street , russell square , london wc1 , england . it would be useful to send copies to the chairman of the department ( dr d . bennett ) at the same address and to the vice - chancellor of the university of london , senate house , malet street , london wc1 , england . the fax number of soas is44 - 71-436 - 3844 . anna morpurgo davies
  """",0
  522,""""Subject: closings of academic depts and layoffs at san diego state
   
   on may 13 , san diego state university , facing a probable 8 . 5 % budget cut from state funding , amounting to about an $ 11 million shortfall , announced major eliminations of , and cuts in , academic programs . these cuts entail layoffs of tenured faculty . due to be shut down , with layoff of all faculty , are the departments of anthropology , german&russian , religious studies , natural sciences ( trains high school science teachers ) , family studies & consumer sciences , aerospace engineering , health sciences , and industrial studies . scheduled for cuts of faculty , of varying scale , in within-dept reverse order of seniority , are the departments of french&italian ( 3 of 11 ) , sociology ( 8 of 27 ) , math ( 8 of 60 or so ) , and chemistry ( 14 of 23 ) . the policy is to cut """""""" narrowly and deeply . """""""" although discussion has been going on all year in the senate about the potential for serious funding cuts and ways this university might respond to them , including program cuts , these cuts were announced suddenly , with no prior consultation with the affected departments . official notice to individual faculty members of layoff is scheduled for """""""" mid - june . """""""" > from that time laid-off faculty will have 120 days remaining on the payroll . the athletic department is eliminating golf , track and field , and one or two other minor sports , a cut of about $ 200 - $ 250k . the football and basketball programs are untouched ; the baseball program has lost a number of scholarships ( according to this morning 's sports section of the san diego union - tribune ) . at this point there is no word of cuts in administration . cuts in the school of business have apparently been trivial in comparison with those suffered by the college of arts and letters , the college of sciences , and other colleges . some affected faculty are contemplating legal action , and other remedies are being discussed . three administrative moves may have some potential for reversing the layoffs : cutting ( or eliminating ) intercollegiate athletics , instituting a golden handshake program , and instituting a university-wide salary reduction of up to 10 % . although the union is currently negotiating a golden handshake program , we do n't know how far along the negotiations are and whether it will be possible to put it in place quickly enough to have an effect on the current crisis . there are legal and adminstrative problems with the salary cut . we do n't know whether they ' re surmountable or not . the whole california state university system - - 20 campuses , including the new one at san marcos in northern san diego county - - face the same funding shortfall , but apparently ( we have at this point hardly any information ) campus responses vary a good deal . we ask that you consider writing to pres . thomas b . day , san diego state university , san diego , ca 92182 , expressing outrage at this unprecedented frontal assault on tenure and the centrality of academics to the university . if the attack is allowed to stand , the consequences for higher education within california and everywhere are incalculable . more importantly , we ask that you write to california state legislators and state senators . we will provide names and addresses if you contact us . we would be grateful for copies of any correspondence sent in connection with this crisis . we are sending this information out now , incomplete though it is , in order that linguists may be informed as early as possible in this developing crisis . jeff kaplan charlotte webb ( chair , linguistics and oriental languages dept )
  """",0
  523,""""Subject: what language is this ?
   
   the toronto police have contacted our department for help in identifying the language of the label on a ball of wool in the purse of an elderly woman accused of shoplifting . she does not speak english and the police wish to obtain an interpreter for her . the following was dictate to me over the telephone ( so may not be 100 % accurate ) : ata lucru de myna din bumbac cardat . . . . please send replies directly to me . there is some urgency in this , as the woman is being held until they can question her . ron smyth smyth @ lake . scar . utoronto . ca
  """",0
  524,""""Subject: e-mail address
   
   does anyone have , or know how i can get , an e-mail address for barney pell ( last seen working on ai at cambridge ) ? thanks !
  """",0
  525,""""Subject: chomsky ' 92 article
   
   i was about to send the following request to martin haspelmath ( the author of the quoted lines below ) , but on second thought i decided that asking someone in germany where i could get a copy of an unpublished paper by an american scholar was a little odd . so can someone nearby help me ? martin wrote : > . . . and his 1992 paper """""""" a minimalist program for > linguistic theory """""""" , which does n't look as if it was > intended for wider circulation , must be around in > thousands of copies by now . i ' ll bite , where can i get a copy ? thanks !
  """",0
  526,""""Subject: oulipo
   
   i am looking for information on oulipo , an experimental language group which flourished in the ' 60s in paris . members have included r . queneau , h . matthews , i calvino , and g . perec . the group applied mathematical methods to writing literature . there is scant information available in english , and a small amount in french . i am particularly interested in whether their ideas have been embodied in software or literaty theory . thank you michael sikillian annotext
  """",0
  527,""""Subject: relative markers over time
   
   i am working on the history of relative markers in the spoken language from 1500 onwards , in british and american english . although there are plenty of studies of written data , i ' m having trouble finding diachronic studies of spoken data ( trial transcripts , etc . ) . i ' m particularly interested in the development of the standard & non-standard variants for personal subject restrictive relatives : who , what , which , zero , that , at , as ( as in ' i know a chap as ' ll do it for you ' ) . any references will be greatly appreciated , including quantitative synchronic studies of non-standard varieties . thanks !
  """",0
  528,""""Subject: acquisition of reflexive verbs
   
   this is an enquiry on behalf of an ma student . can anyone provide me with references concerning the acquisition of reflexive verbs in either english or french ? the student herself is bilingual , so publications in either language will be useful . all suggestions gratefully received . sue blackwell school of english , university of birmingham , u . k .
  """",0
  529,""""Subject: on becoming a linguist
   
   i too have a theory on why linguistics attracted many of us . as a field it ranges from the humanities to the hard sciences , with the majority of its subdisciplines falling into the general area of social sciences . i have spoken with many linguists who started their scholarly lives as scientists ( chem - istry , physics . . . ) and wanted something which seemed more like a humanities discipline ( often in the more european sense of ` sciences humaines ' , disciplines which deal with people ) , while many others ( including myself ) started in foreign languages and literatures and found we wanted something more scientific than literary analysis . i think the second-language learning component of it is important , as suggested in a posting i read today , but not always because of * difficulty * with learning a language ; but rather a desire to keep working with language in some form without doing literature . on a personal note , i can clearly remember my relief , as an undergraduate , to discover linguistics through a comparative romance course . it meant that majoring in french made sense even if sartre did n't ! margaret
  """",0
  530,""""Subject: syntax textbooks - - a summary
   
   about a week ago , i asked readers to share experiences with the cowper and haegeman syntax textbooks . here 's what they said . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = here 's a summary of responses about syntax textbooks : it was clear from the responses that cowper 's book is a bit too new to have been used by many people . i got one favorable evaluation from a respondant who had read the text in manuscript , but i did not hear from anyone who has used it in a class so far . responses on haegeman 's textbook were mixed . i have excerpted / paraphrased comments below . there were five generally positive evaluations : """""""" . . . better than most texts . . well-received by the students , but it is full of annoying mistakes and misprints """""""" """""""" . . . quite happy with it . . . there were no complaints from the students """""""" """""""" . . . it was harder than radford , but most students preferred haegeman to radford , which they found long-winded , condescending , or just plain moronic """""""" """""""" . . . students found it lucid , funny , and well-organized """""""" """""""" . . . relatively happy with it . . . generally understandable and well - organized . criticisms : tends to introduce theoretical concepts first and the justification for them later . . . """""""" and three mostly negative evaluations : """""""" . . . tended to digress . . . chooses to focus on unclear examples , e . g . the theta-criterion and implicit arguments early on in the book ; . . . case-marking is frequently exemplified with ecm verbs , which the students found unconvinc - ing """""""" """""""" students unanimously despised it . . . incredibly unclear . . . poorly organized . . . i recommend against it . """""""" """""""" . . . on the positive side , it is well-organized and has good references . on the negative side , there is poor argumentation and data that does n't support the claims made in the text . . . there is also no mention of any non - gb syntax . . . . i found it useful for teaching students how to identify poor argumentation . """""""" as a generalization , it seemed that gb practictioners tended to be significantly happier with the book than others . ( there were also votes for lasnik and uriagereka 's * a course in gb syntax * and for chomsky 's * managua lectures * . ) thanks to all who wrote .
  """",0
  531,""""Subject: 3 . 417 citations
   
   i can't resist putting in my tuppence worth on chomsky 's citation record . here are my very informal observations of how he is treated by non ( theoretical ) linguists . ( 1 ) mathematical theory of formal languages . chomsky still gets cited almost automatically for his pioneering work on hierarchies of languages . ( 2 ) philosophy of language . c gets cited a lot for his nativist claims : his arguments are usually rejected . fodor 's much more radical nativism gets even more attention and even more rejection . c also gets cited a lot in discussions of wittgenstein , usually as an example of the sort of narrow formalist , rule-based view a language that wittgenstein consistently argued against . ( 3 ) psychology . c has frequently claimed that what he is doing is scientific psychology , but this has failed to impress psychologists . the competence / performance distinction , the autonomous language faculty assumption and the concern with ug all put c 's theoretical constructs beyond the ken of most experimental or empirical psychologists . ( 4 ) biology . it would interesting to know if * any * evolutionary biologists have taken up c 's views or tried to explain how they could be investigated . again , his views often get mentioned in general introductions . . . but only to be rejected . ( 5 ) cognitive science . as gardner showed in """""""" the mind 's new science """""""" , c was a source of inspiration . consequently he is cited very frequently in cognitive science literature . again , however , it is his formal , comptuational approach - not his genuinely linguistic work - that are referred to . so , although c is viewed as a founder of cognitive science , his current theory of grammar has had no real impact on the field . in general , it seems that most people outside of linguistics know of chomsky as he appears in """""""" aspects """""""" and in the non-technical parts of """""""" knowledge of language """""""" . it 's surely a safe bet that almost no non-linguist followed him into """""""" government and binding """""""" . - philip swann
  """",0
  532,""""Subject: chomsky citations and mandeville 's paradox
   
   in his ' fable of the bees : or , private vices , public benefits ' ( 1732 ) , bernard de mandeville argued that the wealth of a nation results from private vices of the citizens . this is mandeville 's paradox : intentional actions of individuals may bring about social phenomena intended by no one . part of the persistent chomsky - boom exemplifies mandeville 's paradox : a great deal of people citing chomsky do so in order to show that he 's wrong - - and , with the implication that he does n't deserve being cited so frequently ! ( i owe mandeville 's paradox to rudi keller ( 1990 ) sprachwandel . francke verlag : tuebingen . ) martti nyman department of general linguistics , university of helsinki , finland
  """",0
  533,""""Subject: re : 3 . 413 citations
   
   hm ! linguists agree with oscar wilde : the only thing worse than being talked about is not being talked about . ; - )
  """",0
  534,""""Subject: zellig s . harris
   
   zellig s . harris died in his sleep at his home in new york on friday , may 22 , 1992 , at the age of 82 .
  """",0
  535,""""Subject: re : 3 . 427 innateness
   
   time for me to leap to the other side of the fence for a change . innateness does have a significance for linguistic theory itselt , if only in that the limitations of our inate abilities , mathematical , linguistic or what have you , limit the types of linguistic theories which can be plausibly constructed . processing of grammatical structures in real time is one example . of course , we know almost nothing about the capacity of human beings in this regard , which is slightly more or less than we know about universals of language , if any . < grin > . still , to the extent we have or can acquire information about our inate capacity for language ( assuming it to exist ) , it can help direct our energies in the proper direction . of course before we start talking about the limits of this capacity , we ought to have a clear picture of what sorts of linguistic phenomena are involved in spoken language , but that is the dreaded descriptivism again . . . eric schiller , department of linguistics , univ . of chicago
  """",0
  536,""""Subject: re : 3 . 427 innateness
   
   joe stemberger writes : > i ' ve never understood why it makes any difference at all to linguistic > theory whether highly language-specific information is innate or not . > [ . . . ] > innateness is usually used as a explanation for universals , or for > constraints on variation ( parameters ) . but it has always seemed to me that > what is important is that something is universal or that variation is > limited to a few options . what possible difference to linguistic theory > could it make whether the observed patterns are due to language-specific > innateness , or due to some more general feature of cognitive processing , or > ( for that matter ) due to guidance from guardian angels or aliens from > another dimension . the observed > patterns are real under any explanation of where they come from , and > languages seem to abide by them . we can still rule out some potential > explanations because they might violate a universal , and still provide > explanations where two phenomena are linked because they are due to the > same parameter . > > so , why all this stuff about innateness ? i ' ve never understood why we care . > [ . . . ] > > does innateness buy us anything for linguistic theory itself ? innateness is a * conclusion * from linguistics , not a premise . if one looks on it as a premise , one indeed gets into a logico / scientific muddle like the one you outline . but since it a conclusion , not a premise , linguistic theory buys us innateness , not the other way around . we care because its an interesting conclusion , and because the more one learns about how language works in the child and adult , the more it looks like the only plausible conclusion ( at least to me ) . it gives neurophysiology / genetics some work to do , work which is beginning to get done . in this respect it is superior to an appeal to guardian angels and aliens , although in some other century , past or future , this judgment might be different . furthermore , language-specificity looks more plausible than a """""""" general feature of cognitive processing """""""" , for reasons that were hashed out during the flamefest on modularity early in the life of linguist . however , a negative can never be proved . thus , reduction to general cognitive principles of the ecp , the ocp , or categorial perception of point of articulation for stop consonants in neonates remains a possibility . and once again , we are dealing with a conclusion , not a premise . - david pesetsky
  """",0
  537,""""Subject: innateness
   
   i should n't get involved , but here goes : joe stemberger < stemberger % ellvax @ vx . acs . umn . edu > writes > > one last statement implicit in much work in linguistics : """""""" i have no theory > of genetics , ontogeny , or evolutionary biology , but i ' m sure that if i did , > modern linguistic assumptions about innateness would fit in real well . """""""" i do n't have my copy of """""""" the origin of species """""""" here , so i can't give a real quote , but the above lines remind me forcefully of a problem early evolutionary biologists faced , one which darwin was painfully aware of . darwin had no """""""" theory of genetics , """""""" and in fact the then current ideas of genetics made precisely the wrong predictions for evolution . ( it was thought that a new trait would simply be blended in with already existing traits , instead of remaining a discreet inheritable trait . ) it was n't until mendel 's work on heredity was rediscovered ( in the 1930 's , if i recall correctly ) that the theory of evolution had a way of explaining why newly developed traits were not lost in a population like a single water drop would be lost in the ocean . the history of science is full of new theories that appear to have fatal flaws , but the theories are accepted anyway , in faith that an explanation will turn up later . ( another example is the idea that the planets revolve around the sun in space , rather than being attached to crystal spheres that rotate around the earth . what on earth : - ) holds them in their orbits ? ) stemberger also writes : > i ' ve never understood why it makes any difference at all to linguistic > theory whether highly language-specific information is innate or not . > > yes , it makes a lot of difference for e . g . language acquisition , but that 's > beyond the scope of what most linguists do . it 's not considered essential > to study the acquisition of warlpiri before you study the adult grammar , > most linguists study only adult grammar , and the main principles of grammar > have come from studies of adult grammar . it makes no difference if you ' re simply writing grammars that attempt to be descriptively adequate ( in the sense of """""""" descriptive adequacy """""""" that chomsky writes about in aspects ) . but it 's not clear to me that that is really a theory of anything . if , on the other hand , you want an explanatorily adequate theory of linguistics , you need to worry about how the learner comes up with the right rules . after all , no linguist , even the most brilliant , has ever come up with a descriptively adequate grammar of any language ; whereas every child ( down to some limit at the level of retarded children , i guess ) comes up with a way of producing and understanding his / her language in a descriptively adequate way . regardless of what you believe as to whether the child produces a descriptively adequate grammar , there is a great mystery here . if linguists have n't studied child acquisition ( they have , but stemberger is using a slight hyperbole here ) , it 's simply because they have made a decision about how to investigate the problem , not because they do n't thing that 's the real problem . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * mike maxwell phone : ( 704 ) 843-6369 jaars internet : maxwell @ jaars . sil . org box 248 waxhaw , nc 28173
  """",0
  538,""""Subject: re : 3 . 429 how did we end up linguists ?
   
   becoming a linguist - - i am sure there are as many reasons as there are linguists or more . me ? 17 years after my ba , tired of being a diletant and having felt betrayed by the revolution and also guilty about giving the president of my son 's pta a headache every time i raised my hand ( or so it was reported to me ) i decided i really wanted to go back to school but did n't want to do more economics ( my ba ) and one evening at dinner in san francisco at a friends where i met harvey pitkin who was working on wintu ( and his phd at berkeley ) i moaned that i did n't know what i wanted to be when i grew up and he said you should be a linguist and i said i could n't even speak english and he said that does n't matter if i liked to do cross word puzzles and made up secret languages when i wa was a little girl and then he talked about phonemes and morphemes and american indian languages and we finished a bottle of brandy and i decided , why not ? so i applied to the linguistic dept at ucla and was sure they would reject me not knowing any linguistics and having only a 's and f 's on my undergraduate transcript and low and behold they said yes which i am sure was a mistake but that was 1961 and in 1962 i entered th graduate program and in 1965 got a phd and will be eternally grateful to harvey and brandy and ucla and all this is to show how there is no longest sentence . vicki fromkin
  """",0
  539,""""Subject: re : 3 . 421 linguists , human subjects
   
   i had the same reaction as martin volk to michael kac 's idea that linguists become linguists because they ' re superior language learners . my gut reaction was that it must be wrong , that we become linguists because we have a hard time learning language , that effortless polyglots pay no conscious attention at all to grammar or any other systems of rules . i was about to offer myself as an example when i realized that i _ am _ a pretty good language learner , but i ' ve always found the process frustrating . i hated learning languages because it seemed so dreary and inefficient until i discovered some shortcuts , namely syntax , phonology , morphology , etc . if my case is at all generalizable , then ( happily ) messrs volk and kac are both right - - we become linguists because we have some skill at language learning , but we are also the rational sort that thinks there must be a better , more efficient way to go about it ( and therefore perceive ourselves as having """""""" trouble """""""" with it ) . am i weird , or did it happen this way for other people ? let 's hear more . mark hansell asian lang . & lit . carleton college northfield , mn usa
  """",0
  540,""""Subject: becoming a linguist
   
   i support gilbert 's thesis . to be sure , one stimulus was growing up on a university campus where there were lots of foreign-born faculty , so one heard and saw a lot of different languages in people 's houses , bookcases , and refrigerators ( like the pickle jar i once saw labelled in polish ) . but another was certainly the movie the day the earth stood still , where michael rennie , playing klaatu , has to communicate with the robot gort in his home language and , indeed , where patricia neal , playing mrs . benson , has to memorize a sentence in that language and repeat it to gort to save the world toward the film 's end . a third stimulus was majoring in a science in college ( chemistry ) which had a strong focus on concepts of """""""" structure """""""" . finally , one had to actually discover linguistics , which was n't the kind of thing one heard about in college before the 60s . it was nice one could do something with language ( s ) without having to be exclusively historically oriented and without having to worry about , say , the kind of apple hurled into the thorax of gregor samsa ( now class , on the basis of textual evidence , was it a golden delicious or not ? or did the apple represent the disapproval of franz the k 's dad ? ? ? ? ? )
  """",0
  541,""""Subject: re : 3 . 429 how did we end up linguists ?
   
   i have to admit that i ' m leery of complex arguments and self - psychoanalysis that try to explain why one becomes a linguist . is it at all possible that people become linguists simply because they ' re fascinated by language ? as the old saying goes : """""""" there 's no accounting for taste """""""" . regards , rick - - * = * = disclaimer : the inel does not speak for me and vice versa = * = * = rick morneau idaho national engineering laboratory = * mnu @ inel . gov idaho falls , idaho 83415 , usa * = * = * = * = * = * = * = * = * = * = * = next mail accepted here ! * = * = * = * = * = * = * = * = * = * =
  """",0
  542,""""Subject: 3 . 429 how did we end up linguists ?
   
   i ' ll put myself in the foot-in - the-humanities & foot-in - the-sciences camp . i remember , from my senior year of high school , doing the dishes with my father ( a sci-fi fan and long-time reader of ' scientific american ' ) and having a discussion about what i would study in college . i told him i liked english but mostly grammar , not lit-crit , and i tested well in math . he said , """""""" sounds like linguistics to me . """""""" and , right he was ! and the half&half story still holds : now here i am , remaking myself ( again ) in private industry , from a humanities specialist ( that 's how i got hired into ibm ) to a multimedia researcher in a computer science group and now to a usability engineer . when i pinch myself , it 's still me . nancy frishberg ( nancyf @ watson . ibm . com )
  """",0
  543,""""Subject: re : 3 . 420 fyi : morphology , concordance
   
   many thanks to henry churchyard for the speech error . any others sent either directly to me ( iyo1vaf @ uclamvs ) would be much appreciated . please give target ( if you know it ) , error , who said it , under what circumstances , ( e . g . on radio , tv , seminar , personal talk , lecture etc ) , who heard it . we do hope to have a data bank of errors available some time in the future . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - on ipa fonts . have just installed atech software ipipa fonts to use with wordstar and with word for windows and they are terrific ! one has to first get the atech stoftware powerpak font package which costs $ 59 or something and ipa is additional $ 89 i think but if you can spare the money or get someone to fund the purchase it works like a dream . vicki fromkin
  """",0
  544,""""Subject: human sense disambiguation correction
   
   oh dear , first of all i send a summary very late and then i discover the summary has an error . the second reference should ' ve read . . . g . a . miller ( 1954 ) """""""" communication """""""" annual review of psychology , vol . 5 , pages 401-420 sorry . + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | mail : mark sanderson , department of computing science , | | the university , glasgow g12 8qq , scotland , uk . | + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | e - mail : sanderso @ dcs . glasgow . ac . uk | | tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 41 339 8855 x6292 < - - - - * * * new number * * * | | fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 41 330 4913 | + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | """""""" i ' m gonna get you in my tent tent tent tent tent | | so we can both experiment ment ment ment ment """""""" | + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
  """",0
  545,""""Subject: goettingen summer school : language development
   
   the german linguistics society ( dgfs ) is offering a summer school on language development ( language change and acquisition ) goettingen , 31 august - 14 september 1992 courses : roger lass ( capetown ) : phonological change elizabeth c . traugott ( stanford ) : grammaticalization raimo anttila ( ucla ) : semiotic foundation of linguistic change ans van kemenade ( amsterdam ) : generative approaches to language change suzanne romaine ( oxford ) : pidgin and creole languages ruth berman ( tel aviv ) form and function in first language development melissa ~ ? bwerman / ~ ? ( mpi nijmegen ) & dan slobin ( berkeley ) : cross - linguistic perspectives on language development bbrigitte nerlich ( nottingham ) : theories of language origins ( in german ) wolfgang u . wurzel ( berlin ) : natural grammatical change ( in german ) hartmut schmidt ( berlin ) : german language history ( in german ) kklaus mattheier ( heidelber } g ) : historical sociolinguistics of german ( in germa ) dieter stein ( duesseldorf ) : internal and external factors of language change rosemarie tracy ( tuebingen ) : theories of syntactic change ( in german ) harald clahsen ( duesseldorf ) : acquisition of grammar ( in german ) wolfgang klein ( mpi nijmegen ) second language acquisition ( in german ) ~ ? ino addition , there will be two lecture series . tuition : for students : dm 240 . 00 for university affiliates : dm 480 . 00 for others dm 960 . 00 for more information , contact : hero janssen department of english university of goettingen humboldtallee 13 d-3400 goettingen , feder ~ ? al rrpu } blic of g . tel . + 49-551 - 397575 , - 397546 fax : + 49-551 - 397685
  """",0
  546,""""Subject: 2 jobs : new zealand
   
   university of otago , new zealand : department of english lectureship / senior lectureship in english ( linguistics ) applications are invited for a linguist of broad general competence with a part icular interest in one or more of the following fields : ( a ) sociolinguistics , ( b ) semantics , ( c ) pragmatics . the successful applicant will be expected to teac h at first-year level in an applied fashion , and to contribute to courses in li nguistics in his or her speciality at advanced levels . candidates should have a completed phd and teaching experience , and in addition to their teaching duties will be expected to pursue , stimulate , and supervise research in their field ( s ) of expertise . the current salary range is nz $ 37 , 440 - $ 49 , 088 pa with a bar at nz $ 45 , 448 ( lecur ers ) , and nz $ 52 , 000 - $ 67 , 080 pa with a bar at nz $ 60 , 944 ( senior lecturers ) . ( nz $ 1 = us $ 0 . 54 ) . the position is available from 1 september 1992 , and it is hoped that the succe ssful applicant can assume duties as close as possible to that date . further information and method of application are available from : the registrar university of otago po box 56 dunedin new zealand fax : 64 - 3-474 - 1607 quote reference number : a92 / 23 closing date for applications : 30 june 1992 . 2 ) lectureship / senior lectureship in english ( rhetoric and composition ) applications are invited for a lectureship / senior lectureship in the field of r hetoric / composition , or a related field . applicants should also have expertise in a second field relating toenglish language or literature in english , such as literary stylistics , the history of the language , or american literature . the successful applicant will be expected to teach at first-year level in an ap plied fashion , and also to contribute to courses in his or her speciality in an applied fashion at advanced levels . candidates should have a completed phd and teaching experience , and in addition to their teaching duties will be expected to pursue , stimulate , and supervise r esearch in their field ( s ) or expertise . the current salary range is nz $ 37 , 440 - $ 49 , 088 pa with a bar at nz $ 45 , 448 ( lectu rers ) , and nz $ 52 , 000 - $ 67 , 080 pa with a bar at nz $ 60 , 944 . ( ( nz $ 1 = us $ 0 . 54 ) . the position is available from 1 september 1992 , and it is hoped that the succe ssful applicant can assume duties as close as possible to that date . applications quoting reference number a92 / 24 close on 30 june 1992 : the registrar university of otago po box 56 dunedin new zealand equal opportunity in employment is university policy .
  """",0
  547,""""Subject: zellig harris
   
   last thursday night , may 21 , zellig harris died in his sleep after a pleasant working day . he was 88 years old . he was born in 1904 in byelorussia . i am told that he chose the name zellig sabbettai when his family immigrated to the united states when he was four . i like to think that the semantics of happiness and steadfastness were on his mind . certainly they were keynotes of his life . i would guess that his parents chose the name harris . when he died , he was just finishing a book on politics that he had been planning for most of his life . with the 1992 publication of his book _ a theory of language and information _ ( oxford ) , he had wrapped up his life 's work on language , at least for the time being . he seems to have felt at liberty to take up this other unfinished business . i understand from paul mattick , jr . , who was harris 's friend and neighbor for many years in new york , that this last book describes how to get from capitalism to socialism . this is surely not a conventional take on either capitalism or socialism , harris was an anarchist . oxford was interested in publishing it , and he had also talked with cambridge . there is no memorial planned , beyond something very private for his family . however , there is some discussion beginning of a public meeting with scientific content . i would hope that the festschrift that haj ross called for in the lsa meetings some years ago might at last come into being . harris described himself as a methodologist rather than a linguist . this could be misleading . he always said that his work was not part of linguistics as it is institutionally defined , and that linguists would not be interested in his work , though people interested in language would be . nonetheless , he was surely a linguist by most of the operational definitions one might come up with . he had done extensive fieldwork on a variety of language . when he was doing the final revision of the 1992 oxford book , he undertook to test the theory of language against every language of which he had some control , 44 languages . he spent months reading grammars from morning to night , and evaluating whether his theory had a reasonable account for what he found there . he was clear that no scientific conclusions were warranted , and so no particular notice of this check is given in the book , but he wanted to feel reasonably secure that his conclusions were not idiosyncratic to english , french , german , korean , and the few other languages that had been the primary bases for their development . he was pleased with the results . his contributions to the field were numerous and weighty . he founded the first linguistics department in the u . s . he introduced the algebraic representations and abstract mathematical treatment which have become so much norms of the field that it is difficult now to appreciate how much he did so over the kicking and screaming protests of his peers . he invented x - bar notation for immediate constituent analysis , though of course not by that name , to cope with the well known weakness of ic analysis with the head-of relation . he developed ways to accomodate discontinuous morphemes into grammatical analysis . he charted a way out of difficulties experienced by bloch and others in phonology , by saying that contrast rather than phonetic identity is the basis for setting up phonemes , a ghost that has risen to haunt generative phonology more than once . he invented string analysis as a complement ( not rival ) to immediate constituent analysis . their complementarity with respect to the head-of problem is the basis of joshi 's tree - adjoining grammars ( tags ) . he invented transformational analysis in context of developing discourse analysis to get at the information content of texts . other contributions await recognition and exploitation in the field of linguistics as institutionalized today , and in other fields . obvious examples include sublanguage analysis and sublanguage grammar , operator grammar based on word dependency , discourse analysis for information content , and his theory of information as an account of a central aspect of semantics . for example , string grammar and its natural extension into transformational grammar is the basis of the very successful work of naomi sager and others at nyu in information formatting of sublanguage texts , applied there mainly to medical informatics . stephen johnson has implemented a system for representing the information content of texts , based on operator grammar . successes of this sort are little noticed within linguistics . it is characteristic of harris that there was no vanity or self importance in him . he knew that his work was of lasting importance , and treated it as such , but he was no guru or empire builder seeking followers , and would not accept any such role being projected onto him . those students who sought entree to linguistics as a social institution in academia were bound to be disappointed . however , he could scarcely be blamed for their disappointment . he did not provide such entree , nor did he pretend to , and in my hearing actively discouraged students who imagined work with him would further their ambitions in the field . once , in my role as ta for john fought , i prepared a lecture on harris 's approach to syntax and semantics . as we were setting out for the lecture hall , we encountered harris , and i blurted out """""""" i ' m about to give a lecture on your theory to john 's class . """""""" ( john , with characteristic wry humor , asked if he wanted to take anything back . ) harris bemusedly questioned whether anyone would be interested in what he was doing . nonetheless , when he gave a public lecture on """""""" the two structures of language : report and paraphrase """""""" in 1969 or 1970 , the large auditorium ( i think it was in the furness building ) was filled to capacity , and the critique by john corcoran , published later in the volume _ transformationelle analyse _ edited by senta ploetz , was also well attended . broad attendance on and acclaim for his work could easily have been his , had he chosen it . that is simply not where his ambitions lay . a clue as to the basis of this choice against fame and influence may perhaps be found in his advice to a student starting out in his first teaching position , many years ago . do n't invite anybody over for dinner , he said , and do n't accept any invitations . if you get involved in the social life of an academic , you won't be able to get any work done . the work came first . harris was always an intensely loyal man to his friends and family . the consequences , when combined with his laissez-faire anarchism , were not always happy . his friend and close colleague of many years , henry hiz , was much more concerned with building a formal linguistics program as an institution . the disparity of character could be devastating to students . i studied with harris from 1966 through 1970 . i was an undergraduate much of that time , but that did not matter to him . he had a sink-or - swim approach like that attributed to sapir ( darnell 1990 ) , except that his seminars were of course focussed on theory rather than the data of , say , athabaskan . he would come in to his seminar and just start talking about what he was working on . when i started with him , this was the work that resulted in his 1968 book , _ mathematical structures of language _ ( wiley ) . the process was not a lecture or monologue , but a continuing conversation with his students , trying out alternatives , posing and working out problems for a mathematical characterization of language . after a while , with intensive reading outside , one began to catch on and to participate . i recall telling him at the end of one seminar meeting in my first year that i would try to disprove his theory . this troubled him not a bit . i worked up a problem in modern greek that i thought might be troublesome for his approach . ( i had lived in greece for a couple of years , and spoke the language , but i worked with an informant for this project . ) when my results turned out actually to corroborate the point i had intended to challenge , he merely thanked me for the data on greek . a year or two later , i had come up with a proposal to analyze definitions in a dictionary to extract semantic primitives by a form of componential analysis , much as martha evens and now others have done . although the notion of semantic features seems inimical in concept and method to his work , he said ( and this is an exact quote ) """""""" others have tried this and have failed , but you are welcome to try . """""""" i offer this in refutation of the sometimes heard view that harris was dictatorial . i ran into conflicts in such matters with hiz , never with harris . i have also heard it asked why he never retorted to attacks on his work . i think it did not matter to him . he did not expect his methods and results to be understood and taken up by everyone in the field of linguistics . maybe his attitude differed in the 1940s , when he wrote the structural restatements and the manuscript eventually published as _ methods in structural linguistics _ . ( btw , the title was to have said """""""" descriptive """""""" but the publisher substituted the buzzword """""""" structural . """""""" i recall him saying , amusedly , """""""" i do n't remember whether they asked me or not . """""""" ) maybe his expectations of the field changed after some of chomsky 's followers began making him out to be the bad guy . i do n't think so , based on his writings and on the testimony of some who were his students then . i never heard him comment on the commonplace attribution to chomsky of the discovery of transformational grammar and the """""""" transformational revolution . """""""" there is a passage in _ the state of the art _ ( 1968 ) in which hockett attributes to harris """""""" nothing , or a long silence , after 1957 , """""""" showing ignorance not only of things like string analysis , for which he might be excused , but even ignoring the 1965 paper transformational theory prominently published in _ language _ . i showed this passage to harris , and he shrugged . it did not matter . in particular , i never saw any evidence that harris opposed or blocked chomsky 's ambitions . in my experience it would have been entirely out of character for him . for example , it was harris who proposed chomsky to speak in his stead to the 1962 international congress . a similar canard regarding bernard bloch has recently been laid to rest in an editorial in language . one must i think be alert to the social psychology that leads some people to rewrite history so that their avatar is depicted as an embattled hero . now , an old indian friend once told me that one cannot point a finger without having three other fingers of the same hand pointing back , so i hasten to add that this is not the picture i intend to paint here of harris . he accomplished what he intended to quite well , thank you very much , and seems to have been quite happy in the process . the point is precisely that he seemed in no way embattled by attacks and uncomprehending misconstruals of his work . and uncomprehending misconstruals abound . frawley 's review of _ a grammar of english on mathematical principles _ ( gemp ) is a good example . he identifies harris 's operator grammar with predicate calculus , though harris is at pains to delineate critical differences between language ( a fortiori operator grammar ) and language-like mathematical systems , including predicate calculus . frawley can see in this comprehensive grammar only an attempt to do 1960s generative grammar in 1980 , because he is unable to step out of the generativist paradigm so as to understand harris 's work on its own terms . another review ( eric wheeler , 1984 in _ computers in the humanities _ ) asserted that harris 's grammar was unable to account for certain familiar semantic problems - - middle voice , the semantics of find vs . seek , and quantifier scope in examples like """""""" someone was opposed by everyone . """""""" in my review ( _ computational linguistics _ in 1984 ) i showed how harris did in fact account of each of these problems in the book . michael kac , in his review of harris 's selected writings , asked """""""" why bother ? """""""" and indeed , from within the generativist paradigm that must be the only plausible question . it is only in setting aside paradigmatic blinkers that one can see , having these writings in one place , how consistent and self coherent harris 's program has been over the years . transformational grammar was not a revolutionary break but part of a continuous evolution . i will mention only one other misconception about harris 's work , not because it is in any way fundamental but because it is so commonplace . i probably will be greeted with disbelief when i say that discovery procedures were not his aim . ( jim mccawley 's witticism about harris and discovery procedures in the collection traditionally circulated in may really reverses the roles of the teller and the butt of the joke . ) it is not hard to see how linguists have come to this mistaken belief . discovery procedures are an abiding fixture for linguistics as institutionally defined . when _ methods _ was published , linguists sought an aid to fieldwork and writing of linguistic descriptions . now , discovery procedures are institutionalized as a whipping boy . this has colored perceptions of harris 's intentions and results . for harris , it was certainly of interest and value when redundancy on one level of linguistic representation could be used in a practical way to determine boundaries of objects on the next , but this was a corroborative byproduct , not an aim . the """""""" constructional procedure """""""" described in the 1955 paper from phoneme to morpheme was implemented in fortran in the early 1960s and proven to work , and ralph grishman has had some preliminary success in implementing programs to discover word classes and rules of sublanguage grammar from sublanguage texts . but in general harris did not think that discovery procedures were feasible . in particular , he told me he thought that grammatical analysis could not be done solely with a corpus or by asking informants , one had to control the language oneself . and then one had to work over the data to tease out pattern and wrestle it into coherent form , a lengthy and demanding process , as probably most of us know from experience . so much for the popularized image of feeding in a corpus , turning a crank , and having a grammar reel out the other end . in the introduction to _ methods in structural linguistics _ , harris states clearly that these methods are not discovery procedures . he accepts that one uses many means to come up with proposals for describing what is going on in a language - - hunches , guesses , heuristic rules of thumb , typological generalizations , proposed universals , comparison with related languages or earlier stages of the language , and so on , more art than science ( or rather , more art than engineering ) . harris was acutely aware of the danger of swamping one 's control of the language by growing familiarity with marginal examples . language is after all a social institution , continuously in change as it is constantly recreated in the crucible of use . the aim of the methods was not to substitute for these informal ways of coming up with possible analyses , but to verify , for any given result , whether the result had a valid relation to the data of the language . of those who have actually read the book , how many have said ( and some have in fact said to me ) """""""" he did n't really mean that . """""""" but if nothing else , harris was always careful to say exactly what he meant . this concern for verification arises out of a deeper concern which becomes more explicit in harris 's later work . this is a critical point for linguistics . for any other science , there is a standpoint external to the science domain for its metascience . in particular , practitioners in physics , chemistry , even in mathematics , rely on the """""""" background vernacular """""""" of language to ensure communication about shared meanings and ultimately to validate the relation of conclusions , however reached , to the observations on which they are based . not so for a science of language . harris recognized and accepted that there is no vantage point outside of language from which to describe language . and , observably , each language contains its own metalanguage . i ' ll repeat that , because it is i think a key to understanding what harris was about , and because it is easy to overlook its importance . there is no vantage point outside of language from which to describe language . by contrast , generativist theory postulates a universal metalanguage , external to language , that is part of one 's biological endowment . ( i personally do not find this biologicist , neophrenologist doctrine of mental organs credible , but the issue rests not on opinion but on facts yet to be determined . ) this stance seems to me perfectly consonant with the argument made by stephen anderson in """""""" why phonology is n't natural . """""""" one cannot derive linguistic structure from the findings of some study bearing a metascience relation to linguistics . harris was interested in how language can carry or transmit information , and this is the thread that underlies the really remarkable consistency in his work over more than 50 years . intuitively , we know that differences in form correlate with differences in meaning , but the correlation is messy and inconsistent in the observed data of language ( say , in a body of writings or of phonemic transcriptions , including whatever utterances the investigator may come up with in the ad hoc search for examples ) . what harris found was how this messy , inconsistent stream of words can be the product of two concurrent systems : a system of word dependencies that correlates with perceptions in a subject-matter domain such as a science subfield , and a system of reductions that changes word shapes ( often to zero ) , motivated in part by issues of redundancy and efficiency and in part by historically contingent social convention . the reductions introduce degeneracies such as ambiguity and paraphrase , and otherwise obscure the correlation of form with meaning , but without destroying that correlation . given that structure ( differences of form ) correlates with meaning , it is of critical importance that the machinery of description not import any structure extraneous to that found in language . harris 's endeavor was always , then , to determine a """""""" least grammar , """""""" a description that required an absolute minimum of primitive objects and relations . any additional objects or relations in the description introduce extrinsic structure that obscures the informational structure in language . this could be the basis for a telling critique of various other theories of language . harris chose not to make such a critique . when i asked him once about certain aspects of generativist theory , he would only comment , with evidence of mild amusement , that it did seem to be over-structured . like his teacher , sapir , harris had an interest in problems of international communication and an international auxiliary language . ( a paper on this appeared in a 1962 volume on avoiding world war iii . remember wwiii , everyone ? ) and like sapir and bloomfield he had in particular a long standing interest in international cooperation and communication in science . this culminated in _ the form of information in science : analysis of an immunology sublanguage _ ( with michael gottfried , tom ryckman , and others , 1989 , john benjamins ) . this book describes the grammar of the sublanguage of immunology during a specific period in the development of that field , based on discourse analysis of sublanguage texts from that period and adequate for making explicit the information structures in arbitrary other texts in that sublanguage . the analysis shows how the structure of the sublanguage changed concurrently with a change in immunologists ' perceptions in the domain of their science . a difference in informational structure correlates with a difference in meaning . the informational structures that are clearly represented in the binary array resulting from discourse analysis are still present in the actual form of the source texts as written albeit obscured under reductions in word shape , some motivated by considerations of informational efficiency and avoidance of redundancy , some dictated by conventions of language use as a human social institution . harris arranged his life so as to enhance the autonomy of his work . i understand that his kibbutz in israel is a wealthy one , to which members give their assets and income , and which in turn supports them in their needs . i believe that the kibbutz purchased his apartment building on charles street . until his retirement , he held an endowed chair at penn , the benjamin franklin professorship in linguistics . he was principal investigator for a long series of grants from the nsf , nimh , and other agencies whose committees and referees found his work of continuing value . throughout his life he was involved with scientists and science . his wife was a physicist at the university of jerusalem , and had been albert einstein 's assistant at princeton . a brother was an immunologist ( he is an author of some of the work analyzed in the 1989 book ) . he felt that the rough and tumble of polemic attack and retort was inappropriate for science , and would not participate in it . that too would be a distraction from the work . after one of the bampton lectures at columbia in 1986 , a young member of the audience approached him and asked what he would take up if he had another lifetime before him . he mentioned poetry , especially the longer works of 19th century poets like browning . he mentioned music . and he mentioned sign language . he had a long and very productive life . he had brought his life 's work to a successful culmination . with the completion of his book on politics , i imagine death coming to him , as to the chess playing knight in the seventh seal , and him saying """""""" ok , i ' m ready now . """""""" it was a privilege to know him and to learn from him . he is an abiding inspiration . bruce nevin bn @ bbn . com
  """",0
  548,""""Subject: proposal for a morphological database of classical greek
   
   i am writing to seek input on a proposal that we tentatively plan to submit to the neh at the end of the summer . the idea is fairly simple : we want to use the morphological parser that we have been developing for the past eight years or so to generate morphological analyses of every unique string in the thesaurus linguae graecae ( tlg ) , the database of greek texts available on cd rom from uc irvine . the tlg is large - - 42 million words at present and a new version is due out later this year with 57 million words . greek is a highly inflected language - - not as bad as georgian and some others , but a verb can , with prefixes , have millions of different forms . the tlg corpus extends over a thousand years and includes virtually all literary greek , and thus would support diachronic as well as synchronic linguistic analysis . i would like to know if there is anything we could do that would make this work on greek useful for the linguistics community in general ? classicists need this database , but it would be very exciting if it could stimulate additional work . the working summary of the project follows . the proposal outline is fairly succinct ( c . 7 pages ) but it is full of greek and does not lend itself readily to transliteration . if you would like to see a copy , please send me your us mail address and we will send one to you . casual reactions to just this summary are , however , more than welcome . note : reactions need not be positive . if this does not seem a worthwhile thing to pursue , i would love to know why . thanks ! gregory crane department of classics boylston 319 harvard university cambridge ma 02138 crane @ ikaros . harvard . edu a linguistic database of classical greek this project will extend an existing parser for classical greek , expanding its database of stems to cover the majority of all words attested in the literary record , and will use this database to create a morphologically parsed database of more than 1 , 000 , 000 unique strings available in the tlg : in the end , we will publish the database of analyzed strings , the databases of stems and endings which drive the parser and the parser itself . the resulting databases are an essential piece of scholarly infrastructure that will ( 1 ) revolutionize current searching techniques for the tlg and other greek databases , ( 2 ) make it possible to apply more sophisticated retrieval / text analysis to greek texts , and ( 3 ) provide a basic but crucial lookup tool that will aid non-specialists in other fields ( e . g . , philosophy , political science , religion ) who seek to work directly with the greek database . note : this document is a sketch for a possible proposal to be submitted to the neh at the end of august 1992 . it is , in effect , a proposal for a proposal and is thus open to revision on any and all points .
  """",0
  549,""""Subject: query : lists
   
   does anyone know any bitnet or internet lists dedicated to classical greek or latin ? thanks michael sikillian annotext
  """",0
  550,""""Subject: machine translation
   
   i would like information for a friend about a company called global link ( globalink ? ) out of maclean , virginia . specifically , he wants to know , from a linguistics perspective , how good their machine-aided translation systems are , and whether it is likely they have the technological and linguistic expertise to develop a japanese - english module , using kanji . finally , he ( and i ) would like to know about other companies producing commercially available machine-aided translation systems , and whether any have a competitive japanese - english module . please send replies to molsen @ astrid . ling . nwu . edu and i will summarize . thank you . mari broman olsen northwestern university
  """",0
  551,""""Subject: run-on words ?
   
   could anyone tell me why we have compound , run-on words in english orthography , like 's omething ' , 's omeone ' , ' therefore ' , ' whereas ' , ' everyone ' and so on ? is there any real linguistic phenomenon being captured here by omitting the usual word boundary in the spelling ? i find myself doing it with words like ' realtime ' and ' harddisk ' and i do n't know why . the reason i ask is that i have been working on a program which does syllable counting . these run-on words with the silent-e in the middle of the word cause the program to differ from human performance . it is easy to discount english syllable counting for a final ' e ' on a word with at least one other vowel cluster , but the silent-e in the middle of a word can only be done with a lookup table - - and that is a real drag for otherwise elegant programming . how would i know if i got all the run-ons listed or not ? does it get applied every time there is an ' e ' in the middle of a word ? stan . stankuli @ uwf . bitnet = = = : : close your eyes , my darling , or three of them at least - - - - - old venusian lullaby
  """",0
  552,""""Subject: no accent allowed !
   
   has anybody else seen a weird piece in a newspaper ( i read it sunday morning in the local gannett paper and promptly misplaced it ) about a measure taken by the greek mayor of a small massachusetts town with a very ethnically mixed population to prevent people with foreign accents to be employed as grade school teachers ? besides killing my own chances of ever teaching grade school over there , is this measure also nonsensical linguistically ? am i right in assuming that children do not typically get """""""" infected """""""" by foreign accents ? the exploits of my bilingual daughter were already mentioned on this list or around it , but her experience with english ( one of her two native languages ) pertains to my query . for the first 3 or 4 years of her life , her english exposure was primarily to my wife 's and my ( different ) foreign accents and our housekeeper / nanny who spoke rather a radical upper peninsula michigan dialect , complete with """""""" warsh """""""" for """""""" wash , """""""" etc . sarah never acquired any of that . to refocus the query , is it possible for a 5 - or 6 - year-old to be influenced by the foreign accent of his or her grade school teacher ? - - victor raskin raskin @ j . cc . purdue . edu professor of english and linguistics ( 317 ) 494-3782 chair , interdepartmental program in linguistics 494-3780 fax coordinator , natural language processing laboratory purdue university w . lafayette , in 47907 u . s . a .
  """",0
  553,""""Subject: kay csl
   
   i would like to hear from other users of the kay csl system , to determine whether anyone else has run into the same bugs that i ' ve hit . please reply dir ectly to me ( broselow at sbccvm . bitnet or ccvm . sunysb . edu ) .
  """",0
  554,""""Subject: list of english taboo words
   
   does anyone have a reasonably large list of english taboo words , preferably in machine-readable form ? i am interested in the classic """""""" four-letter words """""""" and their thematic relatives , as well as any other words that """""""" should n't be used in polite company """""""" , such as ethnic or religious slurs . slang per se is not of interest . mark a . mandel dragon systems , inc . : speech recognition : + 1 617 965-5200 320 nevada st . : newton , mass . 02160 , usa
  """",0
  555,""""Subject: afar
   
   i have a student ( lee fulmer ) working on morphology in afar . she is trying to get ahold of the following dissertation . hayward , richard j . ( 1976 ) """""""" categories of the predicator in afar , with especial reference to the grammar of radical extensions """""""" , soas , university of london . is there somebody out there who has this and would allow us / her to copy it ? does anybody out there know if hayward is reachable via email ? thanks much , mike hammond
  """",0
  556,""""Subject: re : portugal
   
   excuse me but . . . does anyone out there have experience of working in higher education in portugal - if so please get in touch . i need to talk to you ! !
  """",0
  557,""""Subject: a question about the ssc
   
   i ' m stumped by the presence of a dash in the definition of the ssc , and i have n't met a linguist who can tell me what it means . i ' m sure there 's someone out there who can answer this question - - when chomsky gives the specified subject condition ( p . 90 , essays on form and interpretation ) it looks like this : no rule can involve x , y in the structure . . . x . . . [ . . . z . . . - wyv . . . ] . . . alpha where z is the specified subject of wyv in alpha . what is that dash for ? it 's not mentioned . newmeyer , in his book on the history of modern linguistics , copies the constraint exactly , but also does n't mention the dash . if it 's simply there to seperate the constituents , why is n't there a dash between the w , y and v ? thanks , janet hitzeman hitzeman @ cs . rochester . edu
  """",0
  558,""""Subject: case - marking in the genitive
   
   i ' m interested in languages with case-agreement in the genitive , i . e . languages where any case which the head might take must be copied on the dependent . these are pretty common in australia , e . g . uradhi ( g / is gamma ) : wutpu - : namu-mun g / antu-mun old-man - gen-abl canoe - abl """""""" from the old man 's canoe """""""" they ' re also found in the caucasus , in the languages of the ethiopian highlands , and in some siberian languages . all these only have suffixal genitival agreement . i have three questions : 1 . does anyone know of any languages outside these areas which have similar genitival agreement ? 2 . does anyone know of any languages which have prefixing genitival agreement ? 3 . does anyone know of any languages where all case-marking for the entire genitival phrase appears affixed solely on the dependent ? ( i have two examples already : kanuri and sumerian ) my thanks !
  """",0
  559,""""Subject: book : thomas barthel
   
   would anyone have a copy of thomas barthel 's """""""" grundlagen zur entzifferung der osterinselnschrift """""""" they would be willing to part with for a not unreasonable price ? my only proviso is that the line reproductions of the tablets and the list of glyphs in appendix must be as close as can be to mint condition . in fact , that is all what i am interested in , and if you 'd not mind parting with them whilst keeping the rest of the book , it 's fine with me . the reason : my nth-generation photocopies are getting tatty , and the first-generation copy faded . j . guy @ trl . oz . au ( telecom research laboratories , po box 249 clayton 3168 australia )
  """",0
  560,""""Subject: philosophy of mind
   
   dear linguist , do any group participants perchance know of discussion groups in the philosphy of mind , philosophy of language , and other kindred philosophical subjects ? or , to apply the meta operator still once again , is there a general resource or """""""" phone book """""""" for discussion groups ? ja given suny
  """",0
  561,""""Subject: mt and translation theory workshop
   
   workshop on machine translation and translation theory dear colleagues , we ( that is ulrike schwall as a representative of the european association for machine translation and i as a person who is especially interested in combining machine translation with translation theory ) are planning a small workshop in the temporal neighbourhood of coling 92 at nantes . it will take place on july 22nd at 2 pm . at a place to be announced as soon as we know the approximate number of participants . christian boitet told me that we could have a room at the iud . the program will be the following : * 2 - 3 papers ( about 30 minutes each ) by experts in the fields of translation theory and / or mt ; * very short ( max . 5 minutes ) presentations by the participants of what they are doing in the field ( s ) and in which respect they are interested in the combination of mt with translation theory ; * discussion of perspectives and future activities . as uli has just moved to munich and i have n't yet got e-mail in my new position at the university of hildesheim , we ask you to use the e-mail account , fax or mailing address of the secretary of the kit group of the tu berlin ( with which i am still cooperating ) in order to signal your interest and for further information . cordula lippke technical university of berlin kit-fast sekr . 5-12 franklinstr . 28-29 d - w-1000 berlin 10 e-mail : lippke @ cs . tu-berlin . de or : lippke @ db0tui11 . bitnet fax : + 49-30 - 314-24929
  """",0
  562,""""Subject: physics : culture dependent or independent ?
   
   i ' m currently into a bit of a slinging match with a physicist who reckons physics is culture independent . physicists do not , according to his view , create their concepts , but discover them by observation of the facts . he seems to be convinced that if physics had been persued by the navahos or by some highland papuans first ( his and my examples in private discussion ) it would be exactly the same kind of physics than the one developed in the west that we know now . has anyone some views on this ? i ' m trying to tell him he is wrong . or am i ? to help me prove my case ( if there is a case to be proven ) , could anyone come up with languages where there is no concept for the ( physical ) concept of """""""" force """""""" ? my discussant 's view is that if in a language there is no such concept it will be created , because the physical forces of western physics are just there , in the world , for us to be observed . my view is that without such a concept , there is no guarantee that you must develop a kind of physics which is """""""" western """""""" in outlook . i need help ! ! thanks . please send general comments ( first question ) to the list , and examples of languages to me . i ' ll summarize . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dr bert peeters tel : + 61 02 202344 department of modern languages 002 202344 university of tasmania at hobart fax : 002 207813 gpo box 252c bert . peeters @ modlang . utas . edu . au hobart tas 7001 australia
  """",0
  563,""""Subject: 3 . 543 please respond : linguistics cd - rom , mispased idioms
   
   since there is notably little work on encyclopedias ( as the text type of for example the encyclopedia britannica , the brockhaus and the larousse , not so much as an idea ) , i am looking for those bits and pieces . i am especially interested in structural and user-oriented aspects of the matter ( what are prototypical questions asked by a prototypical encyclopedia user ? are these questions supported by the text structure of encyclopedias and encyclopedia entries ? ) . i am also interested in comparisons with respect to encyclopedia concepts and encyclopedia projects and in approaches to bring the encyclopedia idea up to the state of the art in information technology ( especially hypertext , . . . ) . are there research activities going on in this field ? do you know of any more up-to - date bibliographies or papers ? please tell me ! christoph blaesi fakultaet fuer linguistik und literaturwissenschaft universitaet bielefeld postfach 100 131 d-4800 bielefeld 1 germany
  """",0
  564,""""Subject: chomsky citations
   
   forgive me if i missed this , but in the earlier discussion of chomsky 's elevated position in the citations index , did anyone work out how many of the citations were for his linguistic works and how many were for his political works . i ask this out of general interest , and also because a colleague of mine is interested to know the extent of his stature in academic political studies . comments on the latter could be directed directly to me .
  """",0
  565,""""Subject: epenthesis rules
   
   do epenthesis rules ever plausibly epenthesize more than one segment at a given position ? my suspicion is that they only insert a """""""" c """""""" or a """""""" v """""""" , but conceivably there are cases where they epenthesize a cc or a vv . ( not an affricate or vowel with off-glide , but two separate segments . ) conceivably there are even epenthesis rules that insert a cv . any examples ? by """""""" plausibly """""""" i mean , would a reasonable linguist ever propose such an analysis ( as opposed , perhaps , to a deletion analysis ) - - even though constraint x in theory y might rule out such an analysis . please send responses to me ; i can summarize to the net and / or send copies of replies to individuals if there is interest . mike maxwell phone : ( 704 ) 843-6369 jaars internet : maxwell @ jaars . sil . org box 248 waxhaw , nc 28173
  """",0
  566,""""Subject: query : standard codes for languages and dialects
   
   what numerical and alphabetic codes have been established for representing languages and dialects in computer databases and computerized information exchange ? is there an international standard for representing the language ( and dialect ) of a spoken utterance ( as opposed to the written form ) . the best that i have found is the three-character alphabetic code used by the cornell - sil language archive as published in ethnologue by wycliffe bible translators , inc . however , it does not have the status of an international standard and does not have a corresponding numerical form that is published . ideally the standard numerical form would use 13 bits to represent the 5445 languages described . this would leave 3 bits out of two bytes to reference up to 8 dialects . the international organization for standardization does publish two relevant standards but neither attempts to represent spoken languages directly . the standard iso 639 : 1988 is a """""""" code for the representation of the names of languages . """""""" it uses two alphabetic characters to represent only 136 languages and does not distinguish the various spoken forms of chinese ( mandarin , cantonese , etc . ) . the standard iso 3166 : 1988 is a """""""" code for the representation of the names of countries . """""""" it presents three different codes to represent the countries of the world . they can be of some use in identifying dialects associated with different countries . is this all there is ? is there any interest in establishing an iso international standard ? - brian doherty < doherty @ bnr . ca > p . s . what is the udc number ( = 20 for english , = 951 for chinese ) that is listed in the annex to iso 639 : 1988 ( e / f ) ?
  """",0
  567,""""Subject: query : stieber 's law
   
   if i may , i would like to repeat a query i posted some time ago to which i received no responses : does anybody know who first proposed that analogical change cannot introduce new phonemic contrasts into a language ? the earliest reference i have found is a paper by z . stieber , written in polish in the 1930 's , but i think this must go back further . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i did receive one response ( from harry bochner ) regarding possible counterexamples to this , namely , it has been assumed that glottalized / y / in navaho is always of analogical origin . there are numerous other claimed examples of this in the literature , but most of them appear to be quite spurious ( e . g . , ukrainian and belorussian / dzh / ( voiced alveolopalatal affricate ) mentioned by jakobson , and certain umlauted vowels in swiss german mentioned by moulton and kiparsky ) .
  """",0
  568,""""Subject: query : status of chomsky 's minimalist paper
   
   does anybody know the publication status of chomsky 's minimalist paper ?
  """",0
  569,""""Subject: double negation in black english
   
   i am wondering if anyone has done research on double negation in black english in recent years . i am interested in particular in an old claim of labov 's that double negation in be spreads across clause boundaries as in : ain't no cat can't get in no coop as it happens , i believe that labov was wrong and that this example illustrates a different phenomenon , namely , reinterpretation of such structures as consisting of a single clause ( with ' ain't ' becoming a negative marker . and i am looking for any relevant research .
  """",0
  570,""""Subject: query : narrative
   
   does anyone know of linguistic analyses of how shifts between narrator and character roles are expressed ? for example , one way is to switch to direct quote . but i ' m looking for cases without dialogue where the writer wants to express the thoughts , feelings , or perceptions of a character , i . e . , the writer wants to present the perspective of the character . while i ' m interested in how the character 's perspective is represented , i ' m even more interested in how the writer uses linguistic devices to show that the text is moving from the narrator 's perspective to the character 's perspective . thanks in advance . wynne janis janis @ purccvm
  """",0
  571,""""Subject: accents : linguistnet in the news
   
   since victor raskin kindly kept me supplied with the responses he received to his july 6 query about the westfield accents petition , i was unusually well prepared to respond when a reporter meredith o'brien phoned me july 8 to ask if i had an opinion as a linguist on the matter ; when i told her about the linguistnet discussion of it , she was quite surprised and interested to learn of the existence of such a thing , and it turned out her ediotr was too , and the result was an article which is as much about linguistnet as about accents . the first such that i know of . i contacted victor to get his permission to use what i 'd gotten from him , but of course neither of us could contact quickly enough the many linguists whose responses i was faxing to the newspaper . i figured , and victor agreed , that messages sent to linguistnet are more or less public , and that in any case this was a very good and positive opportunity for us to do some educating of the public , which we are always looking for opportunities for . i certainly hope everyone who was quoted in the article agrees that i did the right thing in making the linguistnet discussion available to the reporter . i think the reporter did a good job of it . here 's the text of her article : springfield ( mass . ) union - news , westfield edition , friday , july 10 , 1992 , p . 1 linguists criticize accent position by meredith o'brien westfield - victor raskin , a linguistics professor at purdue university in indiana , was quite perplexed when he saw an article in his local newspaper about westfield 's petition to prohibit instructors with accents from teaching elementary school students . """""""" has anybody else seen a weird piece in the newspaper about a measure taken by the greek mayor of a small massachusetts town with a very ethnically mixed population to prevent people with foreign accents to be employed as grade school teachers , """""""" raskin asked subscribers to a linguistics computer network this week . """""""" besides killing my own chances of ever teaching grade school over there , is this measure nonsensical linguistically ? """""""" he queried . responses to raskin 's question have been coming into the world-wide computer network called """""""" linguistnet """""""" all week , some from as far away as the netherlands and australia . and those who did respond had nothing good to say about the petition . raskin is one of several linguists who have assailed the petition , which has also been chastized by education officials - - including the state secretary of education - - as unfounded and racist . the school committee 's curriculum subcommittee wednesday night unanimously rejected the petition because the committee 's attorney told them it was legally unenforceable . the full committee will vote on the issue at its next meeting which has not yet been scheduled . the petition 's organizer , laura lee whitten , had no comment on the subcommittee 's decision . meanwhile , the eight linguists who called into """""""" linguistnet """""""" on their computers concluded that parents should not be worried about their elementary school children acquiring an accent from their teachers because the chances of that happening are next to impossible . network subscriber , barbara partee , chairwoman of the linguistics department at the university of massachusetts , concurs with the conclusions of her colleagues . """""""" what research exists on this matter makes it very clear that it would be nearly impossible to be influenced by the accent of a grade school teacher """""""" , she said wednesday . """""""" young children , almost universally , pick up their accents from their peers . """""""" she said if people looked at immigrant families where the children were born in this country , they would find that the children have not adopted their parents ' accent . many others agreed . """""""" i used to live in boston , where you can cut the local accent with a knife , and played the organ for a church in arlington , mass . , where the pastor and his wife were from the midwest , """""""" craig thiersch , a linguistics professor from tilburg university in the netherlands said . """""""" but all their children had strong ' towny ' accents . """""""" """""""" my own rather limited experience is that children are n't influenced by the foreign accents of their parents , much less their teachers , """""""" echoed university of georgia professor michael a . covington . """""""" kids get their accents from their peers , """""""" agreed susan ervin - tripp from the university of california at berkeley . while the linguists roundly criticized the petition , some said they could understand why some parents signed it . noting the problems some college students have in understanding some of their foreign professors , they acknowledged that a teacher 's english should be understandable . but the existence of an accent is not a reason to rule out the hiring of an instructor , they said . """""""" my own opinion is that it is legitimate to require that teachers be understandable to their students , but that is presumably a normal job qualification that does not require a petition , """""""" partee said . she said at umass , foreign instructors and professors are screened to assure their english can be understood . """""""" but no one has ever been disqualified because of an accent . """""""" [ end of newpaper article . ] in the same paper , there was a nice column by william raspberry . much of it repeats things we ' ve been over on the net ; i extract here a bit from the ending : """""""" as one who was taught french by a german - accented professor who used to amuse us with her talk of """""""" consonants and wowels , """""""" i understand why some parents might be wary of having their youngsters taught reading by teachers whose pronunciations are too far from standard . but what in this nation of a thousand accents is too far from standard ? and who determines it ? how much of the whole business is simple prejudice against hispanic teachers ? how does one draw the line between a legitimate interest in occupational qualification and an illegitimate interest in ethnicity or national origin ? where is the universal principle ? kant might not want to hear this , but the principle is the problem . a good principal would handle the thing without working up a sweat . she 'd listen , make some experience-based judgment as to whether a teacher 's accent might prove an impediment to beginning readers and make the appropriate assignment . she might not even be able to tell you , in close cases , what tipped the judgment one way or another , but would that really be so awful ? only if you try to make it a kantian universal . make it a principle , and you ' re stuck willy-nilly with language panels , ethnic spokespersons , teachers ' union reps and , of course , lawyers . before it 's over , people will stop speaking to each other across racial or ethnic lines , and everybody will be working to get everybody else fired or defeated for re-election . the problem , of course , will remain unresolved . as they say in massachusetts ( or would if they thought of it ) , some things can be addressed in terms of the philosopher 's """""""" universal law . """""""" some kant .
  """",0
  572,""""Subject: accents in classroom
   
   i received a number of helpful and informative responses from a few colleagues and i am grateful to all of them . below please find a digest of the responses . first of all , barbara partee provided the background information on the case itself , which was playing out practically in her own backyard . on july 7 , 1992 , barbara partee ( partee @ cs . umass . edu ) wrote to me : """""""" i ' m keeping an eye on the westfield accent uproar because it 's not far from here and there 's something about it in the paper almost every day , including editorials . i ' ll be glad to help keep you updated on news , and i would appreciate receiving any references you find out about to research that shows that the parents have nothing to worry about . ( an article in a local paper today , about reactions , said in the last paragraph """""""" linguists said that , as long as the teacher is comprehensible , parents concerned about having a good """""""" model """""""" in the classroom to help their children become americanized quickly in their speech have little to worry about . """""""" but no names or references . ) what happened was that early last week a petition signed by 403 residents of westfield , mass . was given to the school board in response to a decision to reassign two bilingual education teachers to positions as normal classroom teachers . the petition urges that no teacher be assigned to first or second grades """""""" who is not thoroughly proficient in the english language in terms of grammar , syntax , and - most important - the accepted and standardized use of pronunciation . """""""" the mayor of the city , a greek immigrant with an accent , and a proponent of english - only laws , and chair of the city 's school committee , has been vocally in favor of the petition . it has been denounced by the state 's secretary of education , piedad robertson , a native of cuba and a former kindergarten teacher herself , who immediately came out with the statement that the proposal """""""" would appear to be discrimination , plain and simple . . . . this petition , instead of fostering the acceptance of cultural diversity , would appear to encourage bigotry , racism , and discrimination . """""""" the mayor in a phone interview june 30 dismissed her attack as """""""" bovine scatology . """""""" the state 's attorney general has offered th opinion that the plan would almost certainly violate the state 's anti-discrimination laws . an article today ( both articles i ' m quoting from are in the daily hampshire gazette , of northampton , though there was also a mention in sunday 's nytimes ) says the mayor , george varelas , says he has been getting calls from all over the country , mostly agreeing with his point of view . the two parents who started the drive are expressing great surprise ; the wife , """""""" who is of spanish and portuguese descent , has become so distraught over accusations of bigotry . . . that she has taken to avoiding people . """""""" the city has about 36000 population and a broad ethnic mix . but like most of what one reads about the english only movement , there 's a great deal of debate about whether it 's racist or xenophobic , etc . , and very little about the fundamental question that you raised , namely does it in fact have any effect on the acquisition of english by the children in the classes ? """""""" throughout last week , i was forwarding the responses to barbara and she was updating the story as things evolved . on july the 8th , she was contacted by a reporter of the westfield paper , and she asked me for ( and , of course , received ) permission to use the materials i had in her interview with the paper . on july the 9th , barbara wrote : """""""" by the way , i heard second hand that the school committee or a subcommittee thereof just voted this morning 3 - 0 not to adopt the petitioners ' request . i ' ll know more by this evening 's news . i expect the newspaper article that our stuff went to will appear tomorrow morning . i ' ll let you know . this is happening quicker , and coming out more emphatically on the right side , than i had expected . """""""" the article appeared on friday , july the 10th , and barbara is likely to post it here on monday . as you will see , the reporter was absolutely fascinated by the fact of the ongoing worldwide discussion of the issue on a computer net . the same issue of the same paper ran a syndicated column by william raspberry on the subject . i have not yet found a paper available here that runs bill raspberry . that was the chronicle , and now for the substance of the responses . a couple of people suggested that the petitioners ' concern was about the teachers being comprehensible to the grade school students . this is , of course , a most legitimate concern , and many states , school corporations , and universities have taken measures to protect their students from incompetent english speakers . apparently , however , this was not the petitioners ' concern , and the core of the issue was their belief that the students would acquire the foreign accent of a teacher . all the responses on this subject shared the conviction that it could not happen . michael covington ( mcovingt @ uga . cc . uga . edu ) : """""""" my own rather limited experience is that children are n't even influenced by the foreign accents of their _ parents _ , much less teachers . """""""" cliff miller ( miller @ defun . cs . utah . edu ) : """""""" of course it is possible [ for a grade school student to be influenced by the teacher 's foreign accent ] , but it is highly unlikely that it will be complete or long-lasting . and perhaps the more important question is : does it matter ? i grew up in several different places and my english has undergone a number of shifts - - i even had a japanese accent for a while . my english is quite native now and i do n't think that the different stages it went through did it any harm . . . . """""""" craig thiersch ( thiersch @ kub . nl ) : """""""" i ' m afraid i do n't have any citations from linguistics literature , and our phonologist is n't here today , but you ' re right : it 's more or less common knowledge that children virtually always acquire the accent of their peers , not that of parents , teachers , or other adults . i can think of countless examples from my own experience : for instance , i used to live in boston , where you can cut the local accent with a knife , and played organ for a church in arlington , mass . , where the pastor and his wife were from the mid - west . but all their children had strong """""""" towny """""""" arlington accents . """""""" amy sheldon ( asheldon @ vx . acs . umn . edu ) : """""""" i was interested in learning that your daughter never acquired the pronunciations of the 3 adults at home , when they differed from , i assume , the local dialect . i can add that our 9 & 12 year olds do not have any of their father 's quebec french pronunciations or translations in their speech and on occasions when they have had his speech forms / usage , they seem to get rid of it when they learn the local dialect . that is , his speech does not persist in theirs . they also recently asked me if i thought that daddy had a foreign accent . they said they did n't think so . i must admit , that i have to stop and think a second before i realize that he does indeed have an accent , and that on reflection , our kids will admit to it too . but there is a sense in which we do n't think on a minute to minute basis of him as speaking differently from us , though certain pronunciations or translations on occasion may strike us noticeably . i 'd imagine that students in a class with a nonnative teacher muight have the same perceptions , esp . if the teacher is fluent in english , although having an accent . this is a good """""""" applied linguistics """""""" example . """""""" the only references that the discussion has yielded so far were contributed by catherine doughty and susan ervin - tripp . catherine doughty ( catherine . doughty @ linguistics . su . edu . au ) : """""""" the ability """""""" to be affected by phonology """""""" seems to be the earliest of thing to go in terms of maturational constraints on language acquisition - - see the work of johnson & newport 1989 in cognitive psychology 21 . j & n set the age of the beginning of the decline at 5 or 6 . another interesting case that is analogous in some ways but not others is the case of simon a profoundly deaf child of profoundly deaf parents . simon 's parents were late acquirers of asl ( learned at ages 16 & 15 ) and so provided non-native and very different versions of asl to their child . they are his only source of input , as simon goes to a """""""" normal """""""" school where no one knows any asl . simon 's asl is comparable to the asl of children who learn asl from native signers - - e . g . , nativelike . ( singleton 1989 dissertation ) . susan ervin - tripp ( ervin-tr @ cogsci . berkeley . edu ) : """""""" it would be nearly impossible for a child to be influenced by the accent of a grade school teacher unless it was the prestige accent of the community , and the child knew it . as labov showed convincingly , kids get their accents from their peers . on the other hand , i ran into some reported cases of children who preserved the accents of their immigrant parents , but these were unusual cases of socially isolated children . for example , in the clinical literature i found a case of an 8 year old who immigrated at 3 , and still had """""""" his father 's accent """""""" . as he was psychoanalyzed ( ! ) he lost his accent , spoke like his peers , and became able to mimic the accent at will . buxbaum , psychoanalytic quarterly , 18 , 279-289 ( 1949 ) . """""""" - - victor raskin raskin @ j . cc . purdue . edu professor of english and linguistics ( 317 ) 494-3782 chair , interdepartmental program in linguistics 494-3780 fax coordinator , natural language processing laboratory purdue university w . lafayette , in 47907 u . s . a .
  """",0
  573,""""Subject: compounds and pdp
   
   re : query : compounding and pdp * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dear reader of linguist , last year , we put a query on linguist , asking for work done about the interpretation of nominal compounds . thanks to the many replies we got , we managed to obtain the excellent dissertation of mary ellen ryder ( ordered chaos : an investigation of the interpretation of english noun - noun compounds ) . now , one year further , we are thinking of implementing a pdp model like the one ryder introduces in her work . however , it seems to us that little work has yet been done on this . since as far as we know , ryder does not have e-mail , we wanted to ask some general questions about this matter : - do you know whether m . e . ryder or anyone else for that sake has made some kind of implementation of a compound interpretation model ? in her thesis , ryder mentions some small implementation of which she does n't mention the results . - if not , do you know of any other people that are working with pdp techniques , particularly with a view to implementing morphology ? many thanks in advance , lieve de wachter and jan provoost centre of computational linguistics leuven maria - theresiastraat 21 b-3000 leuven belgium tel . + + 32 16 28 50 85 fax . + + 32 16 28 50 25 e - mail : lieve @ et . kuleuven . ac . be jan @ et . kuleuven . ac . be
  """",0
  574,""""Subject: query : uninflected tags
   
   does anybody know of recent work on uninflected tags like huh ? and right ? in the examples below ? they ' re going to replace dos , right ? then he 's got to look for a job , huh ? contact me directly and i ' ll summarize responses . thanks . neal r norrick , tb0nrn1 @ niu . bitnet
  """",0
  575,""""Subject: query : melcuk ( melchuk )
   
   does anybody know a working email ( or other ) address for igor melcuk ( melchuk ) ?
  """",0
  576,""""Subject: threatened sudan languages ii .
   
   threatened sudan languages : response > from roger blench , cambridge i would like to thank the many people who responded to my posting on threatened languages of kordofan . it seems there is a large unsatisfied need out there to work with real speakers in situ , which is very encouraging for individuals such as myself who often feel marooned in the arid wastes of theory . i am attempting to set up a direct email address for those who have expressed interest and we will attempt to sort and answer all the queries with more detailed information as soon as possible . i append to this a few reflections occasioned by the response which you can ignore . 1 . of all the countries mailed the one major nation from which there was absolutely no response was england . this is disappointing , but not at all surprising . i had always suspected that both anthropology and field linguistics in england were closely bound up with the empire and that now the empire has gone , inward-looking has become the rule . anthropology i have had to largely discard now that the seminar rooms are awash with post-modernist chitchat , while linguistics seems bent on disappearing up its own theoretical orifices . 2 . the evident desire to go out and work with informants in context in order to actually assist communities ( as opposed to the parade of taxi-driver informants who have provided much of the """""""" african """""""" language material these last few years , especially in north america ) makes one ask why field linguistics has such a low prestige and why the making of dictionaries and the preparation of reference grammars is a barely acceptable activity ( as measured by the difficulty in getting these published ) . 3 . i posted a message about sudan , but every african country has threatened languages that require immediate attention . my work on the language atlas of nigeria ( finally published recently ) has made me aware of at least 50 languages in nigeria that are close to extinction . why , for example , is it easier to hold conferences and make up committees on threatened languages than to actually pay somebody to go out and do some basic work ? thank you again for the encouraging response . roger blench
  """",0
  577,""""Subject: workbook
   
   in ' 95 i ' m teaching a unit called descripptive linguistics : morphology and syntax . its one of those 2nd / 3rd yr level units that covers classic a structuralist techniques for analysing and describing languages , introduces students to some of the theoretical and conceptual problems that arise in language description , and exposes students to some of the main types of morphological and syntactic phenomena in languages of the world . its thus mainly descriptive , but with a secondary typological bent , and i ' m sure in this respect it is similar to linguistics units on offer at many universities . as a text i ' m using ( bits of ) the new crowley , lynch , siegel , piau book ' design of language ' which is being published by longman in jan ' 95 . as support material for this unit , i ' m putting together a collection of language data problems as a workbook . in the past i ' ve either concocted my own , or plundered the usual sources ( langacker , stockwell , demers & farmer , etc etc ) but i ' m a bit tired of these and i ' m on the lookout for fresh material . many of you who have been involved in both teaching and language description have probably , like me , developed language data problems for use in assignments and tutorials , etc . 20 so i ' m writing to seek contributions from anyone who 'd like to pool such data . i ' ll happily accept problems in phonology , but i ' m particularly interested in morphology , morphosyntax and syntax . i 'd like the workbook to have an australian / asian / pacific regional bias , but not so strong as to stifle typological diversity , so i ' ll welcome useful material from any language anywhere . contributors will be acknowledged in the text ( as in sample below ) and will receive a free electronic copy of the completed workbook . i 'd like any contributions before mid - jan , and the completed workbook will be posted to you at the end of feb . my immediate intention is to create a student resource manuscript for ' 95 , but if subsequent publication seems desirable , i ' ll recontact contributors to seek their permission . if you are interested , here 's a list of topics as a prompt , and a few guidelines . 20 / 80 grammatical categories , noun class / gender , tam distinctions , polarity , transitivity , causatives , voice , pre - / suf - / in - / simul - / supra-fixes , replacive / zero / subtractive morphs , compounding , redup , morphotactics , inflection / derivation , conditioned allomorphy , abstractness in morphophonemics , clitics , case distinctions , concord , word order , adpositions , verb serialisation , co-ordination , subordination , complements , relativisation , problems that highlight the adequacy / inadequacy of insertion / movement rules , etc etc 80 provide the language name , and a short language description ( as in sample below ) . 80 data emaile to nreid @ metz . une . udu . au as an attached document , keyed in times 12 and iparoman 12 fonts , will simplify my job , but good data scrawled in blood on paperbark will do if it 's legible . 80 if you use an established orthography instead of ipa , provide a key to the orthography ( as in sample below ) . sample format ( a dangerous exercise within eudora - please allow for its limitations ) problem 1 ngan ' giwumirri [ contributed by : nicholas reid ] description : 20 ngan ' giwumirri is spoken by about 20 people in the daly river region 300 kms southwest of darwin in the northern territory of australia . it is a non - pamanyungan language with an elaborate noun class system and complex polysynthetic verbal morphology . 20 question : 20 the ngan ' giwumirri data below illustrates the morphological marking of membership in two noun classes . describe the semantics of these two noun classes , and their morphology , noting any allomorphy that you find . can you argue convincingly for an ' underlying form ' for either class marker . [ useful info : ngan ' giwumirri has a four vowel inventory ; / i / high front , / e / low front . / a / low back , / u / high back . orthographic ' ty , ' 's y ' and ' ny ' represent palatal stop , fricative , and nasal respectively , / rr / and / r / represent a trill and continuant ] . 20 1 daba arm 16 damadi chest 2 adany shark 17 depi head 3 afiti insect 18 deme hand 4 eferri bluetongue 19 dapurr bum 5 detyirri navel 20 afu 20 whip snake 6 engete kingfisher 21 afunyi mosquito 7 detyerri ear 22 defirr foot 8 awiny bream 23 dagarri leg 9 afilpurr carpet snake 24 epelen rifle fish 10 denintyi knee 25 desyi nose 11 dederri back 26 aminyirr peewee 12 awuntyerr finch 27 amu fly 13 emengginy goanna 28 datyamu cheek 14 data shoulder 29 detyeny tongue 15 akaka nightjar owl 30 elele curlew end sample format many thanks nick reid note , direct address : nreid @ metz . une . edu . au
  """",0
  578,""""Subject: language requirements for teachers
   
   a few weeks ago i directed a query at linguists ensconsed in english departments . i wanted to know what the language course requirements ( i . e . , intro to ling . , history of english , etc . ) were for english majors , particularly those planning to be high school or elementary school teachers . i only got a half-dozen replies . thanks so much to those six . out of the six universities represented by the six respondants , two required six credits ( two courses ) for both english majors and english majors who intend to teach . the other four require only three credits for simple majors , but six for those who intend to be teachers . armed with this information i went to the curriculum committee prepared to defend our current six credit requirement for students seeking a teaching certificate . there had been a proposal introduced to reduce it to three . i made my case for about five minutes . when i was finished , the other members of the committee looked at each other , shrugged , and withdrew the proposal to reduce the language requirement . victory .
  """",0
  579,""""Subject: tenure - track opening in japanese
   
   previously i posted an abbreviated job announcement from california state university , los angeles . here is the entire posting . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * california state university los angeles announcement of opening department of modern languages and literatures tenure track assistant / associate professor of japanese position : the department of modern languages and literatures announces the opening of a tenure-track position in japanese to start september 1995 . qualifications : ph . d . or a . b . d . in japanese or a closely-related field . native or near-native proficiency in japanese ; fluent english . ability to teach all levels of language as well as courses in civilization , linguistics , or literature . applicants should be able to demonstrate excellence in university teaching , familiarity with competency-based instruction , and willingness to contribute to program development . candidates in any area of specialization are encouraged to apply ; preference will be given to those with a linguistics background . rank and salary : although it is expected that the appointment will be made at the rank of assistant professor , an especially well-qualified candidate could be appointed at the rank of associate professor . salary is competitive and will depend upon qualifications and experience . the doctorate is required for tenure or promotion . general information : founded in 1947 , california state university , los angeles is one of 20 campuses in the california state university system . the university offers programs in more than 50 academic and professional fields in four state-supported quarters per year . full - time faculty teach during three of the four quarters . the campus is located at the eastern edge of the city of los angeles , and offers easy access to a variety of cultural and educational institutions and activities . the student body of approximately 20 , 000 full - and part-time students reflects the ethnic diversity of the area . the university has collective bargaining contracts with the faculty and other employee units . in addition to its other language programs , the department of modern languages and literatures offers the b . a . degree in french , japanese and spanish , and the m . a . in french and spanish . the university has an active affirmative action program and encourages ethnic minorities , women , and persons with disabilities to apply . applications : submit letter of application , curriculum vitae , and dossier with transcripts to : joseph crzanowski , chair department of modern languages and literatures california state niversity , los angeles 5151 state university drive los angeles , ca 90032-8112 deadline : applications accepted until position is filled . candidates whose completed applications are received by december 15 , 1994 will be considered for an interview at the mla convention . california state university los angeles is an equal opportunity / affirmative action / disabled / title ix employer . upon request , reasonable accommodation will be provided to individuals with protected disabilities to ( a ) complete the employment process and ( b ) perform essential job functions when this does not cause an undue hardship .
  """",0
  580,""""Subject: tenure - track positions available
   
   tenure-track positions center for international programs saint michael ' s college applications are invited for two tenure-track teaching positions at the assistant professor level . saint michael 's college is a small catholic liberal arts and sciences college with a thriving center for international programs . programs in the center include the intensive english program , the university academic ( bridge ) program , undergraduate language and linguistics , special programs , and a master 's degree program in teaching english as a second / foreign language . we seek candidates able to teach in all program areas , with undergraduate and graduate responsibilities . preferred areas of expertise include k-12 esl and bilingual education , english for academic or special purposes , efl / esl methodologies , second language acquisition , and / or adult / refugee education . responsibilities include teaching 10-11 hours per week , appropriate research , and service to the college as well as the profession . ability to teach languages other than english will be considered a plus . preference will be given to candidates who have a ph . d . in applied linguistics , education , tesol or a related field and who have successful teaching and teacher-training experience and evidence of scholarship . send letter of application , c . v . and 3 letters of reference by february 1 ( for august 1995 hire date ) to the office of human resources , saint michael 's college , winooski park , colchester , vt 05439 . saint michael ' s college is an affirmative action / equal opportunity employer
  """",0
  581,""""Subject: job announcement
   
   job announcement the department of linguistics of the university of ottawa invites applications for an eighteen month replacement position at the rank of assistant professor , effective july 1 , 1995 . requirements : ph . d . in linguistics , proof of excellence in research , ability to teach courses in both official languages ( english and french ) . preferred area of specialization is phonetics / phonology with an experimental orientation and a demonstrated interest in theoretical phonology . our department boasts an extremely well-equipped research laboratory and a dedicated electronics technologist . preference will be given to candidates who are willing to exploit and develop this resource . salary is commensurate with qualifications and experience , in keeping with the collective agreement . candidates are invited to address their applications with cv , three letters of recommendation , and copies of representative publications to : eta schneiderman , chair department of linguistics university of ottawa ottawa , ontario k1n 6n5 canada ( fax : ( 613 ) 564-9067 ) applications received before january 15 , 1995 are guaranteed consideration , although the department may continue to consider applications until a final decision is made . the university of ottawa has an employment equity policy and strongly encourages applications from women . in accordance with canadian immigration requirements , this advertisement is directed to canadian citizens and permanent residents of canada . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * annonce de poste le departement de linguistique de l ' universite d ' ottawa annonce un poste de remplacement de dix-huit mois au niveau de professeur ( e ) adjoint ( e ) a partir du 1er juillet 1995 . exigences : doctorat en linguistique , preuves d ' excellence en recherche , capacite d ' enseigner dans les deux langues officielles ( anglais et francais ) . le domaine de specialisation souhaite est la phonetique / phonologie avec une orientation experimentale et un interet marque pour la theorie phonologique . notre departement possede un laboratoire de recherche extremement bien equipe auquel se rattache un technicien specialise en electronique . la preference ira aux candidat ( e ) s pret ( e ) s a exploiter cette ressource . le salaire sera conforme a la convention collective . les interesse ( e ) s sont prie ( e ) s d ' envoyer leur c . v . , trois lettres de recommandation , des copies de leurs publications pertinentes et / ou travaux de recherche a : eta schneiderman , directrice departement de linguistique universite d ' ottawa ottawa , ontario k1n 6n5 canada ( telecopieur : ( 613 ) 564-9067 ) les candidatures recues avant le 15 janvier sont assurees d ' etre prises en consideration , mais le departement se reserve la possibilite de considerer les candidatures recues a une date ulterieure jusqu ' a ce que la decision finale soit prise . l ' universite d ' ottawa a une politique d ' equite en matiere d ' emploi et encourage fortement les femmes a presenter leur candidature . conformement aux exigences d ' immigration du canada , cette annonce s ' adresse aux citoyens / citoyennes et aux immigrant ( e ) s recu ( e ) s .
  """",0
  582,""""Subject: translators needed for women for women !
   
   i am posting the following message for my friends who are not on the list : * would you like to use your language skills to help women survivors of the war in bosnia and croatia ? women for women , a u . s . based , nonprofit sponsorship program sending letters and money each month to the region , is desperately seeking volunteer translators . we translate letters both from and to english . even if you can manage only a handful of letters each month , it would lighten the load for the few translators we have now . for more information , call our office at ( 703 ) 519-1730 , and leave a message for zainab or robin . thank you ! * you may also send an e-mail message to me mima @ seur . voa . gov and i will forward it to * women for women : .
  """",0
  583,""""Subject: contributions solicited to germanic generative syntax newsletter
   
   the germanic generative syntax newsletter ( ggsn ) appears twice a year in paper and electronic form . it contains a bibliography of unpublished papers on the syntax of the germanic languages as well as an overview over the recent published literature . in addition , it frequently contains abstracts , conference announcements and descriptions , job announcements , special bibliographies , and email addresses of researchers of the field . we are getting ready to put together this year 's fall issue and would like to solicit any contributions of the type described above . note , however , that because of space considerations we usually do not publish information on modern english . please send any material you want included in the next issue to gert webelhuth at webelhuth @ unc . edu before november 12 . if you would like to subscribe to the newsletter , send email to the same address , specifying whether you would like to receive the newsletter in paper or electronice form . because of scarcity of funds , it is greatly appreciated if you opted for the electronic version . gert webelhuth university of north carolina american editor of ggsn email address for all correspondence : webelhuth @ unc . edu
  """",0
  584,""""Subject: celiac / oaxaca native literacy project
   
   this memo is going out to scholars who might be interested in acquiring the native-language texts being produced in mexico at celiac . please pass this on to colleagues who might also wish to acquire these texts . celiac 's indigenous-language books are published in hard copy and on disk . in 1995 , they will also be available on audio tape . i have posted several long messages about the history of celiac , formerly called the oaxaca native literacy project . if you would like copies of those postings , please let me know . russ bernard ( university of florida , on leave 1994-95 at the university of cologne ) books available from celiac and how to order them celiac ( centro editorial en literatura indigena , a . c . ) is a not - for-profit , indigenous-language publishing center in oaxaca , mexico . celiac 's books are published in perfect-bound , paperback editions and as pc disk files . most of celiac 's books cost $ 30 per volume . tiburcio perez ' book of totonac poetry ( book # 1 on the list below ) costs $ 60 . it contains 53 color drawings by the author . prices include shipping in the u . s . canada , and mexico . for other countries , add $ 10 per volume . disk versions of celiac books are in ms-dos , wordperfect 5 . 1 format . disks cost $ 30 each if purchased separately , but are $ 10 with the purchase of a book . proceeds from sales of celiac books support indigenous authors and also support the distribution of books to local schools . following is a list of the books now available or in press . ( note : we do not show special characters , like the barred i or the dieresis , on e - mail . we do , however , show the spanish enye as n ^ . ) 1 . x ' tachwin x ' tatlin li tutunaku ( palabra y canto de los totonacos ) , by tiburcio perez gonzalez ( jun ) . poetry in totonac and spanish . over 50 original color illustrations by the author . publication date : may 1994 . cost : $ 60 . 00 usc 2 . dillzaan nha ' kalhjagok ' ks ( cuentos y leyendas en idioma zapoteco de la sierra norte ; area cajonof : yaganiza , san mateo , xagacia , y carizal ) , by alfredo rios belem . in zapotec . publication 3 . na kaa iyo yo chi nuu chikua ' a ( la vida cotidiana de jicayan , volume i ) , by josefa leonarda gonzalez ventura . in mixtec . publication date : march , 1993 . cost : $ 30 . 00 usc 4 . la vida cotidiana de jicayan . ( na kaa iyo yo chi nuu chikua ' a volume i ) , by josefa leonarda gonzalez ventura . in spanish . publication date : march 1994 . cost : $ 30 . 00 usc 5 . lala ia ti jujmi ki tsa ko wi ( asi se cuenta en el idioma chinanteco de ojitlan ) , by fidel pereda ramon and bartola morales garcia . in chinantec . publication date : late 1994 . 6 . te ' en ni tui nuu yo ( asi se fundo nuestro pueblo ) , by pablo hernandez hernandez . in mixtec . publication date : late 1994 . 7 . ra nt ' emee maya ' mu ' ne mapaya ( la religion tradicional y religion contemporanea ) , by jesus salinas pedraza . in nahn ^ u ( otomi ) and spanish . publication date : mid - 1994 . the english edition of this book is available in h . r . bernard and j . salinas , native ethnography , sage publications , 1989 . in spanish and n ^ ahn ^ u , late 1994 or early 1995 . 8 . ra ' mede ra hnini ra dexto ( historia de la comunidad de el dexto ) , by jesus salinas pedraza . in nahn ^ u and spanish . publication date : early 1995 . 9 . yelesi ' in che bene ' golhe jseshe ( los conocimientos de los ancianos de yatzachi el bajo ) , by digna salvador eugenio . in zapotec and spanish . publication date : late - 1994 . 10 . tyusu cha nakatyi nuyivi nuu kasando ' o ( cuentos que narra la gente de jamiltepec ) , by miguel lopez hernandez . in mixtec and spanish . publication date : late 1994 celiac 's books may be purchased directly from celiac . contact box 1530 , oaxaca , oax . mexico 68000 , or celiac , avenida ejercito mexicano 1107 , colonia ampliacion dolores , oaxaca , oaxaca , 68020 mexico . payment for celiac books may be made by international bank draft , or you may wire funds directly to celiac . for details in spanish , contact celiac on e-mail at celiac @ laneta . igc . apc . org , or call jesus salinas or josefa gonzalez at celiac : 011-52 - 951-59725 or 59729 . for details in english , contact contact h . russell bernard at 904-376 - 4544 ( fax : 904-376 - 8617 ) , e-mail ufruss @ nervm . nerdc . ufl . edu if you wish to sponsor a native author at celiac , or help celiac purchase a computer for a village , or underwrite the distribution of celiac 's books to village schools , contact russell bernard ( address above ) . these tax-deductible contributions to the project are handled by the university of florida foundation , inc . contact jesus salinas or josefa gonzalez by phone , mail , or e-mail ( addresses above ) if you 'd like to visit celiac .
  """",0
  585,""""Subject: george aditjondro
   
   dr george aditjondro , a prominent indonesian academic at satya wacana university in salatiga , central java , remains at risk of imminent arrest for his peaceful academic and political activities . he was not arrested on 8 october because he was not in the country at the time . he has since returned , and on 12 october , dr aditjondro received a second summons on charges of """""""" insulting a government authority or body """""""" , under article 207 of the indonesian criminal code , a charge which carries a maximum penalty of 18 months imprisonment . if detained , dr aditjondro would be a prisoner of conscience . the second summons requires him to report to yogyakarta police at 10am on 15 october . it does not clarify whether dr aditjondro is wanted as a witness or a suspect . if held and questioned as a suspect , dr aditjondro could face prosecution and imprisonment . the pretext for the charge against dr aditjondro appears to arise from comments he made during a panel discussion at the universitas islam indonesia ( uii ) in yogyakarta in august . amnesty international believes , however , that the authorities are attempting to punish dr aditjondro for his past criticism of government policy relating to human rights and environmental concerns in indonesia and east timor and , further , that the charge may be intended to prevent him from taking part in peaceful activities prior to and during the asia pacific economic cooperation ( apec ) meetings which will be held in jakarta in mid - november . amnesty international is also concerned that , since the issuance of the first summons on 5 october , dr aditjondro has been subjected to intensive surveillance by military intelligence officers from the resort military command ( korem ) in salatiga , both at his home and his place of work . under indonesia 's code of criminal procedure ( kuhap ) , the police and not the military , bear sole responsibility for the arrest of suspects . since military intelligence authorities have no lawful role to play in dr aditjondro 's case , amnesty international considers their activities in recent days to be a form of harassment . background information the charge against dr george aditjondro is symptomatic of a marked escalation in official harassment and intimidation of alleged government critics in recent months . these measures have included prevention or breaking up of meetings and seminars , the arbitrary arrest of human rights activists , and the torture or ill-treatment of some political detainees . human rights violations against labour activists are a part of this pattern . muchtar pakpahan , the chairman of the independent trade union , sbsi , is currently on trial along with at least nine others , accused of """""""" inciting """""""" workers to demonstrate and to strike . amnesty international believes that use of these measures against alleged government critics has increased in preparation for the apec meetings in november , which will attract considerable international and domestic media coverage . further recommended action : please send telegrams / faxes / express and airmail letters : - expressing concern that dr george aditjondro remains in imminent danger of arrest for the peaceful expression of his views ; - urging that the charge against dr aditjondro be immediately and unconditionally dropped ; - expressing concern about the current level of intimidation and harassment of alleged government critics , including academics , lawyers , journalists and human rights activists . appeals to : minister of state : drs moerdiono [ salutation : dear minister moerdiono ] menteri negara jl veteran no 17 jakarta , indonesia faxes : ( c / o - foreign ministry ) + 62 21 36 0517 or 7781 or 7782 telegrams : menteri negara , jakarta , indonesia military commander region iv / diponegoro : brig gen soerjadi [ salutation : dear brig gen soerjadi ] pangdam iv / diponegoro markas besar kodam iv diponegoro semarang jawa tengah , indonesia telegrams : pangdam iv / diponegoro , jawa tengah , indonesia chief of police yogyakarta : gen ( pol ) drs madra s banurusman [ salutation : dear gen ( pol ) banurusman ] kapolda yogyakarta markas besar kepolisian diy yogyakarta , indonesia telegrams : kapolda yogyakarta , indonesia please send copies of your appeals to : his excellency mr junus effendy habibie , embassy of indonesia , 38 grosvenor square , london w1x 9ad [ please see the responses to this topic for the addresses of diplomatic representatives in other countries ] and , if possible , to the following : minister of foreign affairs : ali alatas sh menteri luar negeri jl medan taman pejambon no 6 jakarta , indonesia faxes : + 62 21 36 0517 or 7781 or 7782 chair of the national commission on human rights : ali said sh ketua komisi nasional hak azasi manusia jalan veteran no 11 jakarta , indonesia faxes : ( c / o ministry of justice ) + 62 21 314 1625 please send appeals immediately . please do not send appeals after 10 november 1994 . + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + if you have any queries about this urgent action or about + + the ua scheme in general , please contact : + + ray mitchell + + amnesty international british section + + 99 - 119 rosebery avenue + + london ec1r 4re email : rmitchellai @ gn . apc . org + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
  """",0
  586,""""Subject: ua appeal : arief budiman
   
   urgent action appeal : re : the unhonorable discharge of dr . arief budiman from university of satya wacana , salatiga , indonesia dr . arief budiman , one of the most consistent defenders of freedom of speech in indonesia and an outspoken critic of indonesian government , was fired from his position as a senior lecturer in the post graduate department at the christian university of satya wacana ( uksw ) , salatiga , indonesia . the letter of dismissal that will take effect on october 31st , 1994 , was issued on october 17th , and was cosigned by prof . haryono semangun ( chairman ) and drs . nelky oemboe nganggoe ( secretary ) of the university 's board of trustees . the letter said that dr . budiman has been unhonorably discharged because of not following the critique ethics adopted by the university . he was also accused of circulating issues discrediting the university 's board of trustees and rector . what dr . budiman actually did was only publicly expressing critical opinion againts the board 's controversial decision on the appoinment of the new rector , dr . john ihalauw . previously , dr . budiman received two letters of reprimand from the board , but no specific """""""" misconduct """""""" was mentioned in both letters . two additional notes must be mentioned . first , over the year the board has been under constant pressures from the majority of the faculty members , students , and administrative staffs of the university to revoke the appointment of the new rector , which was considered illegitimate . the same academic community has expressed public support for dr . budiman 's initiative to file a lawsuit againts the board . secondly , all of this is taking place as an increasingly sweeping clamp - down of intellectual activism has been heightening in the past two weeks , presumably in preparation for the upcoming apec summit in jakarta this november . there is a possibility that this dismissal was also intended at punishing dr . budiman and closing his opportunities to continue expressing his criticism to the indonesian authorities . in a separate case , dr . george junus aditjondro , another uksw 's lecturer and a close friend of dr . budiman , is still under police 's interrogation for insulting the state authorities while speaking in a seminar in another campus . this arbitrary measure againts dr . budiman has demonstrated how such an academic institution as uksw has violated the principles of freedom of speech and has threatened the democratic atmosphere within the academic community . his dismissal will be detrimental not only to the world-wide known reputation of uksw as one of more committed universities , but also to the dynamic of indonesia intelectual and academic life as well . as members of academic communities and individuals who are concerned with the maintenance of freedom of speech , we should express our concern to this arbitrary action . please send letter , fax , or make a call to the board of trustess of uksw for : - expressing concern at the unhonorable discharge of dr . arief budiman - asking the board to reconsider the decision and to give dr . arif budiman an opportunity to defend himself in front of the university 's senate and academic community in general . mailing address : prof . dr . ir . haryono semangun ketua umum dewan pengurus yayasan perguruan tinggi kristen satya wacana ( board of trustees satya wacana christian university ) jl . diponegoro 52-60 salatiga 50711 indonesia phones : ( 62 ) ( 298 ) - , 81362 , 81363 , 81364 fax : ( 62 ) ( 298 ) 81420 telex : 22364 ukswsa ia for more information , e-mail : amrih widodo at awidodo @ facstaff . uwisc . edu heri akhmadi at jpnn @ clark . net
  """",0
  587,""""Subject: """""""" designing """""""" dialects
   
   the following appeared in a recent theater program : """""""" k . c . ligon ( dialects ) de signed the dialects for mccarter 's productions of the matchmaker , cat on a hot tin roof . . . . . """""""" i ' ve never encountered the term """""""" designed """""""" as applied to dialec ts or to dialect coaching in the theater . is this a common usage among linguistis ? sam glucksberg ( samg @ pucc . princeton . edu )
  """",0
  588,""""Subject: language evolution context
   
   hello to all linguist - s ! i am """""""" lurking """""""" to ( proper use ? ) your conversations since now a good year , but , not being a linguist myself , i usually do not talk a lot . first , as a teacher of french language in taiwan , i must tell how much i feel listening to this list really brings me a lot . specially as i hold a non-prescriptive view of my own language ( contrary , i think , to the majority of teachers ( ? ) , and certainly to our embattled french ministre de la culture , mr toubon , that a lot of people in france now usually call mr . """""""" allgood """""""" : ) . i was prompted to write by the problem of the evolution of languages . . . so it is not so far from my allusion to mr . toubon with with i opened my message . . . it seems to me obvious that , ( apart from phonological evolution ) a language may evolve , at the morpho-systactic level , from acculturation , that is , influence of another , ( """""""" dominant """""""" or not ) language , in historical times , close geographically , but also through commercial contacts ( the modern times is another story - what does mean """""""" close """""""" when i can talk with you from taiwan ? ) . but i think the matter is quite more complicated that all that has been mentionned so far . . . first the chinese case seems to me very complicated and specific : a - there is a chinese """""""" isolat """""""" for about 4000 years ( quite no interaction with other cultures , except the bouddhist indian one , where it gave rise to a quite specific """""""" sub-language """""""" , mainly phonetic transcription of samskrit words into adapted-on - purpose chinese characters , but which has little to do with generic chinese , b - there is a feed-back from the ideographs , so that chinese language does n't evolve independantly from its writing since a long time , c - because the phonologic evolution of the spoken language is not directly reflected onto the writing system , which builts upon its own logic , it is possible that its laws of evolution could be very different from languages using alphabetic or syllabic systems of notation ( ? ) . more : my french is certainly influenced by the english i use on internet , and the chinese i use in day-to - day life ( to the point that i sometimes realise that , while talking to my sister in france by phone , i find myself unthinkingly telling her : """""""" j ' habite dans une petite hsiang derriere l ' ecole . """""""" ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ( i live in a little hsiang just behind the school - - """""""" hsiang """""""" being the chinese for a little alley connected to a main street ) . and having to apologize and reexplain . . . but i mainly switch between the languages , and there is little chance i create my own pidgin or creole . . . so do many taiwanese ( min-nan ) speaking people in the south of the island . . . so does it not mean that the evolution should depend on the education level of people - so that it would be differential inside a society according to , say , the social class ? there is probably as well a """""""" critical mass effect """""""" ( if france was turned into some chinese-dominant state . . . ) . is not our idea of """""""" homogeneity """""""" in evolution vitiated by the pretention of modern nation-states to generate a """""""" super-culture """""""" - through linguistic homogeneisation ? ) - i am also aware of phenomenons of resistance to acculturative evolution ( conscious or not ) as for the quebecquois telling , not """""""" un hot-dog """""""" as the french do , but """""""" un chien chaud """""""" ( toubon being in my opinion but a marginal impedement on the natural evolution , whatever direction it takes ) . . . - another exemple of the complexity of those issue would be the """""""" rigidification """""""" of a language facing a threat . it was given to me as an explanation when i was a student of kurdish , when i learnt that this language has in common with old persian an """""""" ergative """""""" ( ? ) construction for transitive verbs in past tenses , which was presented to me as a """""""" quite - passive """""""" construction . to allow for comparisons by more knowledgeable people , i will explain a little : there , the infix representing the agent is appended at the end of the verb , while the infix representing the subject is appended after the object , as : mindal-eke sew - ek - y xuward - 0 ( - eke and ek ( [ ^ e ] k ) being suffixes expressing definiteness ( eke = the ) ( child-the apple-one - he ate ) and indefiniteness respectively ( ek = a ) ) here , - y represents the child , - 0 a null infix ( there is only one apple ) , so """""""" the child ate the apples """""""" would be : mindal-eke sew - ek - y xiward-n < - - - - """""""" - n """""""" : there are several apples ( child-the apples-the - he ate-them ) so i was told at this time that this construct , which was used in old persian ( and is still used in the variety of persian spoken in afghanistan , is an archaic construction , characteristic of the periphery of the indo-iranian domain , that is , in kurdistan ( south-kurmandji , or sorani-speaking part ) , and also among the baluches , and represents a rigidification of the language due to a threat from other languages , ( so that languages at a domain periphery would sometimes evolve more slowly ) and that it has disappeared from standard modern persian . . . i would want to know if all that is still considered true , though . what do you think of it ? i guess there are as well different levels of evolution taking place simultaneously , that can be contradictory ( phonology , vocabulary , syntax . . . ) . anyway , i see several reasons why it should be difficult to infer any """""""" linear """""""" evolution of languages ( whatever fascination i feel when i read posts speaking of modelisations of 10 or 20 000 years back . . . ) on anything else that a case-by - case basis ( or does the fact that populations densities has obviously undergone a dramatic change since then , changing the dynamics of contacts . . . ? ? ? ? ) . to resume my questions : how can we ascertain that this language has had this reaction without having to resort to extra-linguistic implicit hypothesis as : homogeneity through classes , identity of evolution whatever the number of speakers would be ( lng-switching vs creolisation . . . ) , existence ( or not ) , type , and evolution of a scripting system ( * * ) etc . . . ? as i told , i am no linguist , ( neither """""""" linguistician """""""" nor philologist : ) , so i hope i did not waste your time , thus getting all your community angry at me ( ack ! - terrible perspective ) . but i will be very interested to read more about all this . friendly to all , gerard gautier ( * * ) once more , kurdish would be a good case in point , as it uses up to three different scripting systems according to the place ( latin , arabo-persian , cyrillic for the north-kurmandji , and latin and arabo-persian for sorani ) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ wen-tzao school | \ | / / gerard gautier of foreign languages | / \ \ | . . \ | \ | | _ _ > | _ / \ _ > o _ _ _ > kaohsiung - taiwan _ / _ / . . _ / ( _ s . . _ / gauier @ cc . nsysu . edu . tw ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
  """",0
  589,""""Subject: """""""" re have
   
   this is just a quick note to thank all those who have sent me information concerning ' have / hold ' , etc . in non - ie languages . i am also quite happy to continue receiving information on this subject and will soon be posting a summary of the information i have received so far . i would also like to ask if - especially for those who have already sent me information - in these languages or any others there is a connection between a construction for ' to have / possess ' and perfect aspect / past tense , compulsion or existence , even when the verb ' have ' has not come from ' hold ' . so far , i ' ve received information on the following languages : japanese basque , tamil , chinese hebrew dakota arabic finish austronesian languages and papuan crow brazilian portuguese indo - european * ghebh ' give ' > lat . habeo ' hold ' and references to works on the subject by bernd heine , e . c . traugott , w . welmers and kathleen carey . i ' ll send more exact references later with a final summary of all info ( excepting those who wish to remain anonymous ) next week . thanks again ! john peterson , kiel , germany , e-mail : gor05 @ rz . uni-kiel . d400 . de
  """",0
  590,""""Subject: summary of quaker language
   
   first of all , i 'd like to thank all those who sent messages , ideas , sources , etc . i was surprised at the number of """""""" quaker linguists """""""" , of which i append a list for the benefit thereof : barbara _ birch @ csufresno . edu brian _ drayton @ terc . edu t720026 @ univscvm . csd . scarolina . edu lasersoh @ ling . rochester . edu raol @ unix . york . ac . uk harolds @ u . washington . edu ligo523 @ utxvms . cc . utexas . edu if i ' ve left someone out , please excuse me , and write and tell me so . i would love to have more anecdotes , quotes , discussion , etc . the following persons suggested sources , the most frequent of which was that of richard bauman 's ( 1983 ) - let your words be few : symbolism of speaking and silence among 17th century quakers - ( cambridge : , c . u . p . ) . this is the source that got me started on my present study . keith walters tells me prof . bauman is presently at indiana university . he will presently be hearing from me . keith walters also told me about two quaker listservers , quaker - l and quaker - p [ listserv @ uiucvmd . bitnet or listserv @ vmd . cso . uiuc . edu ] and other things that open up new avenues of research for me . barbara birch is sending me her upcoming article in the international journal of the sociology of language , """""""" quaker plain speech : a policy of linguistic divergence . """""""" alan davies told me about his chapter in - styles of discourse - ( 1988 ) , n . coupland , ed ( croom helm ) , titled """""""" talking in silence : ministry in quaker meetings for worship . """""""" richard ogden wrote from york , england ( where quakerism got its start ) , to point out some of the differences between the speech of british and american friends , amongst other things . ron sutherland mentioned regna darnell 's ( 1970 ) article , """""""" the second person singular pronoun in english : the society of friends , """""""" in western canadian journal of anthropology . geert craps offerred the following sources : algermissen , k . ( 1986 ) """""""" quaker """""""" in buchberger , hoefer & rahner ( eds ) : lexikon fuer theologie und kirche - freiburg : herder verlag 8 , cols 912-12 . bauman , r . ( 1970 ) . """""""" aspects of 17th c . quaker rhetoric """""""" in quarterly journal of speech , 56 : 1 / 67-74 . wales , k . m . ( 1983 ) . """""""" ' thou ' and ' you ' in early modern english : brown and gilman re-appraised . """""""" studia linguistica 37 : 2 / 107-125 . brown , r . w . and gilman , a . ( 1960 ) . """""""" the pronouns of power and solidarity """""""" in t . a . sebeok """""""" s - style in language ( cambridge : mit press ) . harold schiffman , amongst other gems , gave me : bauman , r . """""""" speaking in the light : the role of the quaker minister """""""" in explorations in the ethnography of speaking , bauman and sherzer , eds . other sources i ' ve found include : shipley , elizabeth , f . ( 1991 ) . """""""" farewell to ' thee ' """""""" in napoli , jo & kegl ( eds ) - bridges between psychology and linguistics . shipley , elizabeth f . & thomas e . shipley , jr . ( 1969 ) . """""""" quaker children 's use of ' thee ' : a relational analysis . """""""" journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior 8 : 112-117 . tibbals , kate w . ( 1926 ) . """""""" the speech of plain friends : a preliminary survey """""""" - american speech 1 : 4 / 193-209 . that being the state of the messages at this time , i thank thee , and depart , unwillingly . candace zhang
  """",0
  591,""""Subject: sapir - whorf bibliography
   
   a colleague of mine , terry kaufman , is trying to help an undergraduate anthro student compile a bibliography of works on the sapir - whorf hypothesis . they are particularly interested in references to works done in the last 10 years or so . if anyone can send bibliographic information on this subject , please reply directly to terry at : topkat @ vms . cis . pitt . edu thanks in advance . i can post a summary later . dan everett
  """",0
  592,""""Subject: """""""" rain """""""" = """""""" falling """""""" + """""""" water """""""" ?
   
   i am trying to collect typological evidence to support etymology for turkic jagmur """""""" rain """""""" analysing it as jag - """""""" to fall """""""" + * - mur """""""" water """""""" , the second element being attested in manchu - tungus , korean , japanese , and possibly in mongolic . does anyone know similar examples outside of altaic ? sasha vovin avvovin @ miamiu . acs . muohio . edu
  """",0
  593,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1205 linguistics and imperialism
   
   for what it is worth , i remembering hearing somewhere that the old persian empire used to employ a number of translators who were competent both in the imperial language and in the language of their region to carry messages throughout the empire . presumably , this was somewhat similar to the british empire where imperial functionaries used to receive additional payments when they had passed appropriate exams in local languages . an old family friend who was district commissioner for some part of uganda used to sit in court regularly overseeing cases in customary law which were always conducted in the vernacular . these were not languages that were necessarily well-known in the fco , although he had to make regular reports back to london . although he would not have described himself as a linguist , it would seem that his work depended on an amount of ( pre-theoretical ) linguistics . tony bex
  """",0
  594,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1205 linguistics and imperialism
   
   further to wald and grosserhode : the idea that there is a connection between linguistics and imperialism was proposed by the norwegian linguist hans vogt ( yes , the specialist on kartvelian and other things ) in a leaflet published in 1935 , ' maalstrid og klassekamp ' [ language debate and class struggle ] . i have a brief reference to his ideas in my article on research policy in ammon , dittmar and mattheier eds . sociolinguists . an international handbook ( berlin 1988 ) , with some more references , also to explicitly opposing views ( like geoffrey sampson 's , who does n't refer to vogt directly , though ) . hartmut haberland
  """",0
  595,""""Subject: linguistics and imperialism
   
   it 's probably true that linguistics tends to thrive in circumstances of imperialism , but the reason is not that linguistics is inherently imperialistic by nature . when does linguistics happen ? when a society with a literate culture comes into contact with peoples speaking other languages , and takes an interest in them . imperialism provides one situation in which this can occur , but not the only one . bob hoberman rhoberman @ ccmail . sunysb . edu
  """",0
  596,""""Subject: research vs . performance activities and professional labels
   
   karl teeter 's remark in linguist 5-1187 , > and the ambiguity is not all that bad : think of all the > opportunities you have been offered to present an introductory > lecture on linguistics in answer to the question """""""" how many languages do > you speak ? """""""" . and also , as an occupational hazard , the linguist does often > tend to become a polyglot , willy-nilly . . . then the ambiguity > actually applies , and you can answer , """""""" oh , 92 """""""" , as eric hamp was once > reputed to do . reminded me of a similar problem i had back in the ' 70 's , before i realized i would be happier in linguistics , when i was pursuing graduate work in musicology ( for anyone unsure on the subject , i ' ll jump the gun and explain that , semantically if not morphologically , ' musicology ' is to ' music ' as ' linguistics ' is to ' language ' ) . often at social gatherings , when i would be asked ' what do you do ? ' and i would say ' i ' m a musicolo - gist ' , the next line would be , ' oh ? what instrument do you play ? ' since i was never a particularly good instrumentalist ( or more than a passable singer ) , this always struck me as a somewhat embarrassing question , but i would gamely swing into a brief explanation that musicology was a research , not a performance , activity . nowadays i often get the ' how many languages do you speak ? ' line , which is n't quite as embarrassing because i actually am fairly polyglot , and i admit that , with karl , i appreciate the opportunity to give the brief explanation . ( a couple of weeks ago i had to deal with a barber who very intelligently refused to jump to any conclusions at all and instead straight-out requested a definition of ' linguistics ' . ) best , steven dr . steven schaufele 712 west washington urbana , il 61801 217-344 - 8240 fcosws @ prairienet . org * * * * o syntagmata linguarum liberemini humanarum ! * * * * * * nihil vestris privari nisi obicibus potestis ! * * *
  """",0
  597,""""Subject: a linguist by any other name . . .
   
   given the current vigorous linguist vs linguistician debate , another potential title in the arena might not be terribly welcome , but at least it could , for a while , divert attention away from the existing debate which seems to be languishing ( i . e . getting nowhere ) . a friend of mine who is a medic suggested the nominalized form ' linguistic ' ( ' i am a linguistic ' ) , based on the model of medic / cleric . i suppose ' medic ' and ' cleric ' can occur as nominal forms on account of the derivational gap left by ' medical ' and ' clerical ' . however , ' linguistical ' has been cited , so perhaps we could shift everything across one derivation , thus allowing the sentence ' we linguistics enjoy linguistical questions ' . i hesitate to suggest ' linguisticine ' as the name of our subject . a r linn department of languages and linguisticine , u of luton
  """",0
  598,""""Subject: """""""" linguist / - ician """""""" : a new slant .
   
   i have been quite happy so far to sit back and let the discourse about the relative merits of the terms """""""" linguist """""""" and """""""" linguistician """""""" unfold unhampered by any intervention from me . i am , first and foremost , a lover of language ( s ) ; a person who studies language ( s ) , their history and their """""""" idiosyncrasies """""""" . i call myself a """""""" linguist """""""" . i might add that i do not myself fully understand the theories propounded by those who call themselves """""""" linguist [ ician ] s """""""" ( in the sense of someone engaged in """""""" linguistics """""""" , that is ) , nor do i really care what precisely they choose to call themselves ( or their area of study ) . do """""""" physicists """""""" and """""""" physicians """""""" have the same argument , i wonder ? ! i doubt it . quite coincidentally of this discourse , enid wai - ching mok ( < enid @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu > ) circulated recently a questionnaire for information on the terms """""""" linguist """""""" and """""""" linguistics """""""" in various languages . i happened upon an entry in her summary supposedly explaining the two russian terms """""""" jazykoved """""""" ( linguist ) and """""""" jazykoznanie """""""" ( linguistics ) . these were offered by a certain woody mott also of < uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu > : they were so infelicitous in their detail and ill construed in their interpretation that i was impelled to reply to this entry and ( as a """""""" linguist """""""" ) correct certain misconceptions . allow me to summarise : notwithstanding the argument whether these words are current or not in russian , i think an explanation of their etymology may be of some use to the general discourse on the merits of """""""" linguist """""""" vs . """""""" linguistician """""""" . the word """""""" jazykoved """""""" is composed of 2 roots : """""""" jazyk """""""" , meaning """""""" tongue """""""" or """""""" language """""""" and """""""" ved """""""" , meaning """""""" knowledgeable person """""""" ( cognates for """""""" ved """""""" ( < old russian """""""" vedeti """""""" ( e = the vowel ' jat ' ) ) """""""" knowing person """""""" , pace woody mott , are sanskrit """""""" ve : da """""""" , gothic """""""" wait """""""" , and english """""""" wit """""""" ) . the """""""" - o - """""""" is here merely a link vowl . a suitable english calque on the russian term , therefore , would be """""""" tongue-wit """""""" . this , in turn , reminded me of an article some years ago in which """""""" saxonist """""""" terms were advanced in favour of """""""" latinate """""""" heresies in the english - speaking world . thus , we have foreword for """""""" preface """""""" ( the argument here goes back to 1842 ) ; bodeful for """""""" ominous """""""" ; birdlore for """""""" ornithology """""""" , etc . , etc . i ' m sure we are bounded only by time and our imaginations as to other suggestions . mindful of the fact that there are probably many among you who are staunch adherents of the """""""" latinate """""""" tradition , and not wishing in any way to alienate or belittle that corpus of english vocabulary , i should , nevertherless , like to propose two alternatives to """""""" linguist """""""" and """""""" linguistics """""""" based on the """""""" saxonist """""""" principles above . tongue-wit ( noun ) """""""" a person versed / skilled in [ the study of ] language ( s ) """""""" tongue-lore ( noun ) """""""" the study of language ( s ) """""""" i leave it to the individual """""""" linguist [ ician ] """""""" to choose whether these terms are suited to their own area of study . i think that the """""""" saxonist """""""" terms do have the advantage at least of smacking of down - to-earth prurience and a lack of self-importance . a similar term """""""" tonguester """""""" , suggested earlier , is an admirable alternative . i for one am quite happy to call myself a """""""" tongue-wit """""""" engaged in """""""" tongue - lore """""""" - - others , i hope , will follow and leave the """""""" linguist [ ician ] s """""""" to sort themselves out . tony hall . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tony hall * * * department of russian language * * * university of birmingham * * * edgbaston tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 21 414 3227 * * * birmingham b15 2tt fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 21 414 5966 * * * united kingdom email : a . r . hall @ bham . ac . uk * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  599,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1196 corpus analysis of - body / - one
   
   it seems to me altogether possible , even likely , that there is the following interaction , namely , that the particular lexical form < everybody > has come to acquire , for many speakers certainly ( me , for instance , a quasi native speaker , and i share ellen prince 's intuition concerning her sentence # 1 ) a distinctly collective sense , whereas < every - one > maintains , again for these speakers at least , a distributive sense , at least as a living option . thus 1 ' . everybody came , bringing their respective wives . seems especially good , though , oddly enough maybe , this instantiates the special claim that , for this particular lexical - body item , the formal / informal register distinction has at least contextually ? ) collapsed . now , it seems plausible , but no more than that in the present state of knowledge ( or of ignorance ) that there is a more underlying interaction , namely , that there may be something more naturally colloquial about using a collective rather than a distributed plural when an option presents itself . actually , this follows from an algebraic , non - fregean view of quantification , which i have written on but cannot go into ion this message , save to indicate summarily that it is a capital mistakme to imagine that , for instance , the same semantical reopresentation ought to apply , even for logico-deductive applications , to say , < each / every > and < all > , respectively . thus , invoking a correspndence that i shall not unpack here , i . everybody brought their wives / * everybody brought his wife i ' . they all brought their ( respective ) wives / each man brought his wife . ii . * each man brought their wives / they each brought their ( respective ) wives . this surely suggests , does it not , that the interaction under review is distinctly asymmetrical ( or , i think , rather , non-symmetrical ) , for , the < each > form of quantification , by logical entailment of a fairly obvious kind ( from the distributed , that is , serial , meaning , to the collective / mass , can take a collective sense , whereas the reverse ( you cannot non-arbitrarily unpack a mass b ecause there is no algorithm in this direction correspnding to the seial addition inherent in the other direction ) is not available . all , then , ( and the other collective-sense quantifiers and the nominals that condense such quantifiers ( as in the body cases ) quantiify , i . e . , select as a choice function , over a power set , choosing the element equivalent to the improper 's ubset of the whole ' . each - type quantification is over the elements of a set , taking the index ' i ' ranging , algebraically , successively from 1 ( or , in some cases , 0 ) to n , the cardinality of the set in question . f . k . l . chit hlaing
  """",0
  600,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1196 corpus analysis of - body / - one
   
   in my dissertation ( 1993 : a theoretical and descriptive study of epicene pronouns ) i analyzed a corpus of 24 us tv talkshows . i got 16 examples of nps with """""""" every """""""" coreferent with a pronoun . the distribution of the nominal element can be found below : 10 - body 3 - one 3 lexical nominal ( s ) the lexical nominals were """""""" member , """""""" """""""" grand jury and trial witness , """""""" and """""""" sales person in the store . """""""" in addition one of the cases with - body was """""""" everybody involved """""""" and another was """""""" everybody else . """""""" so far this seems to be along the lines discussed by ellen prince and jane edwards . where my data varies is that in every case the coreferent pronoun was they , as was incidently the case with each and no . as far as the analysis is concerned , my results , not just from quantifiers but from nps with other specifiers , indicated that there are various factors at work in the selection of the pronoun , as indeed edwards argues . the following seemed important : notional plurality : obviously the case with every , no , and each . in some cases a singular pronoun is impossible when there is plural semantics and formal singularity , as is well known from studies of quantifier scope . even however when it is structurally possible , the use of singular pronoun can be awkward as prince intuited , though i suspect more than just the nominal element of the compound is involved . in any case , in two out of the three everyone cases was clearly outside the scope , so the plural pronoun was inevitable . in the third case it was in a parenthetical ( from donahue ) and i ' m not sure of the fine points regarding the formal semantics : """""""" since i do n't know how everyone develops , what their sexual attraction is , you could easily have been into infantilism , or purple handkerchiefs , or same sex experiences """""""" gender stereotypes : this issue did n't arise with every cases , since all were with they , but in others i found that stereotypically male generic referents ( e . g participant in congressional sex scandals , and lumberjacks ) more frequently received the pronoun he with other types of antecedents . individuation : this is a rather fuzzy , but i think inevitable , semantic category that refers to the degree with which interlocutors are using a referent as an individual versus how that referent is being used as a generic . the fuzziness is necessary because logical real existence does not map into our everyday reference . a personification ( discussed with regards to pronouns by mcconnell - ginet ) is a generic referent treated as if it were an individual . the opposite case , a real person or thing treated as a generic also exists and is discussed with regard to definiteness by talmy givon . i found a couple of cases like this . from a geraldo , the reference is to princess grace : """""""" how do you fall in love with somebody at a photo opportunity , not see them for eight months and the next time you see them you ' re engaged . """""""" from a different geraldo : """""""" i heard , - saw someone run by and they were screaming . """""""" individuation is clearly the same thing that jane edwards noticed in her point about how singular pronouns are associated with specific people . and similar point was also made by pinker in the language instinct in the chapter on prescription . i found the best analysis of the whole issue can be made by adopting the agreement theory developed by michael barlow in his ' 88 dissertation a situated theory of agreement published last year in the outstanding dissertations series . anybody else have any data ? michael newman dept . of educational theory & practice the ohio state university mnewman @ magnus . acs . ohio-state . edu
  """",0
  601,""""Subject: more data on - body / - one
   
   i can't refuse jane anything . here is some more data , just in from the british national corpus . ( well , actually only from a very small 1 % sample of it ) corpus size : 625 , 000 written and 182 , 000 spoken words ( as defined by claws ) proportional raw frequencies for some common - one / - body words : written spoken total anyone : anybody 57 : 31 17 : 32 74 : 63 someone : somebody 72 : 38 36 : 64 108 : 101 no-one : nobody 18 : 57 2 : 18 20 : 75 everyone : everybody 81 : 43 12 : 23 93 : 66 what i find interesting here is the * absence * of any strong evidence for preferences for - one or - body form ( excepting the pathological case of """""""" no-one """""""" ) when you look at the whole corpus , rather than separating out the spoken and written component parts . i ' m optimistically interpreting that as evidence that in the corpus as a whole we ' ve got a good spread of textual variety . i ' ll repeat the analysis on the whole bnc when we ' ve finished building its index . . . lou burnard p . s . i looked for """""""" no one """""""" too - - it appears only once , in a sentence beginning """""""" no one person would . . . """"""""
  """",0
  602,""""Subject: summary : doctoral programs in applied linguistics
   
   several weeks ago i posted a query about doctoral programs in applied linguistics . i received 9 responses . thanks to all the respondents . the responses are organized below . note that there were no responses from georgetown or ucla , though they were mentioned in one response . michael toolan < toolan @ u . washington . edu > we do n't have an entirely separate program in applied linguistics , but we do , within our english dept . , provide a concentration of courses in language and discourse studies , leading to the ph . d . we ' re particularly equipped to supervise dissertations in a ) rhetorical and composition theory and b ) discourse analysis . among students taking up these options are ones who have completed our ma in tesol . michael toolan ( dept of english , u of washington , seattle ) robert port < port @ cs . indiana . edu > depends on what she means by applied linguistics . indiana university has a program in this area . it is focussed especially on teaching english as a second language but also offers training in topics like lexicography , creoles , sociolinguistics , etc . if she wants a phd , it would be in linguistics . request information from : department of linguistics , 323 memorial hall indiana university bloomington , in 47405 812-855 - 6459 lingdept @ indiana . edu stanley dubinsky < dubinsk @ univscvm . csd . scarolina . edu > greetings . your friend might want to consider applying to the linguistics program here at the university of south carolina . the linguistics programhere is an interdepartmental program , involving 13 core faculty from seven depts ( including english , french , spanish , anthro , phil , psych , and speech path ) . we have about 60 graduate students , most of whom are specializing in sla theory / esl . other popular specializations here include general sociolinguistics , discourse / conversation analysis , code-switching , and dialect studies . there are three things that might make this program attractive to your friend ( besides the winter weather - - or lack thereof ) : ( i ) the involvement of faculty from diverse departments creates a wealth of potential avenues of research for our students , ( ii ) despite its interdisciplinary nature , the program requirements have a strong emphasis on core areas of theoretical linguistics , and ( iii ) we have just hired a new sla theoretician into the program . if you or she / he has any questions , i would be pleased to answer them . best , stan dubinsky * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * stanley dubinsky e - mail : dubinsk @ univscvm . csd . scarolina . edu * * linguistics program phone : 803-777 - 2056 * * u of south carolina fax : 803-777 - 9064 * * columbia , sc 29208 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * one anonymous respondent suggested that uc berkeley has or used to have a flexible system whereby a student could create their own program . this person also suggested penn state for educational linguistics and the university of hawai ' i at mano ' a . """""""" sarah g . thomason """""""" < sally @ isp . pitt . edu > pitt has a specialty in applied linguistics within the ph . d . program in linguistics - - but students with little interest in linguistics per se are better off in an applied linguistics ph . d . program , of which there are quite a few : ucla and hawaii may be the most prominent . carnegie mellon university just announced a new one ; their faculty is small but good , but financial aid is likely ( i gather ) only for people with native-like fluency in french , german , spanish , or japanese . i think usc ( = southern calif . ) has a ph . d . program in applied ling . , but i may be wrong - - maybe it 's like ours , linguistics with a specialization track in app . ling . likewise the u . of delaware . - - sally alan juffs < juffs @ isp . pitt . edu > the university of pittsburgh offers a phd in applied linguistics . i believe it is a very strong program , since it gives students a thorough training in linguistics , as well as the opportunity to actually work in applied areas . students are currently funded through the english language institute as well as various research projects which do not relate to language teaching . the applied program is particularly strong in the field of second language acquisition , both ug oriented and cognitive approaches . in addition , we also offer courses in language planning , sociolinguistics , and languages in contact . please do n't hesitate to write for further information . alan juffs admissions officer | alan juffs | tel : ( 412 ) 624 3750 | | dept . of linguistics | fax : ( 412 ) 624 6130 | | 2831 cl | e-mail : juffs @ isp . pitt . edu | | university of pittsburgh | _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | | pittsburgh , pa 15260 | | | usa | | marina mcintire < mmcintir @ lynx . dac . neu . edu > the program at bu in applied linguistics is a pretty good one . for one thing , there 's the asl connection which is a strong one . it 's pretty far on the theoretical side , but still . . . . . ricky jacobs hi , susie [ sic ] , a voice from the past . the program here that is the direct counterpart of the applied program at ucla is called , for political reasons , the ph . d . in sla , though it covers much more . it 's housed in esl here and now has quite a few people recognized as """""""" stars """""""" . for details , check with : professor charlene sato , chair ph . d . program in sla department of english as a second language university of hawai ' i at manoa 1890 east - west road honolulu , hi 96822 ali aghbar < aaghbar @ grove . iup . edu > we have a ph . d . program in rhetoric and linguistics . students can choose concentrations in composition or tesol . they can enroll year round or summers only . for more information , contact : director graduate programs in rhetoric and linguistics department of english indiana university of pa indiana , pa 15705 susan fischer | internet : sdfncr @ rit . edu national technical institute for the deaf | phone : ( 716 ) 475-6558 rochester institute of technology | fax : ( 716 ) 475-6500 52 lomb memorial drive | basic food groups : popcorn , rochester , ny 14623-0887 | tofu , bok choy , & chocolate
  """",0
  603,""""Subject: """""""" politically correct """""""" : summary
   
   on wed , 21 sep 1994 , i posted the following query : > in vol . 5 . 1022 rex a . sprouse wrote > > in terms of the politics of the discussion [ of the term > """""""" informant """""""" ] , i think that in the united states we have seen a > kind of orwellian development with the use of the term > """""""" politically correct """""""" as a pejorative term . > > based on dim personal recollections , my sense of the latter term > is that """""""" politically correct """""""" first surfaced in english in maoist > literature . there it was used with a straight face , since > correctness was viewed as being , like everything else , subject to > constant definition and redefinition by the party . i recall > feeling that this world-view implicit in the phrase was so > contradictory to democratic ideals that only a person who accepted > political authority over truth could possibly use it without > ironic intent . > > does anyone have any more concrete data on the history of this > politically loaded expression ? > i received replies from eight people ; i reproduce them below . i apologize for the long delay in publishing these . mark a . mandel dragon systems , inc . : speech recognition : + 1 617 965-5200 320 nevada st . : newton , mass . 02160 , usa : mark @ dragonsys . com p . s . : this document was dictated with dragondictate v2 . 0 . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = i first heard """""""" pc """""""" ( in the relevant sense ) in one of two ( possibly three places ) : hartford courant , new york times , chicago sun - times . there was a story relating to an incident where a job applicant was being interviewed for a job . he was denied . there was some question as to why - - this is before affirmative action helped explain such matters . he demanded to see all relevant materials . he inquired into the significance of the comment written at the bottom corner of his application """""""" not pc . """""""" he was a conservative . it """""""" came out """""""" that it meant not politically correct . whether there was legal action , i do n't know . these are the best of my recollections of the story i read years ago . as for myself , i do n't know whether it is pc to deny that pc is pc , or to invert the current meaning , or to deny it makes any sense . until it is cleared up . i will not broach the matter with my superiors . i do n't have to , it is a free country : / steven = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the term seems to have entered common use in anglophone canada first of all as social democrat teasing of the maoists and the stalinists for their pomposity . """""""" correct analysis """""""" could be used in the same way , as in , """""""" you have the correct analysis , comrade , """""""" for """""""" i agree with you . """""""" this could be said only to other socialists , of course ; the totalitarian left never got the joke . """""""" politically correct """""""" was - and in safe company still is - used by the democratic left in self-mockery , as in : """""""" we have politically correct fruit salad tonight , _ no _ california grapes . """""""" the term seems to have become pejorative as it has been taken over by people who are incapable of seeing the comic side of their own ideals . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = but notice that today the american right uses the term as a pejorative term for virtually any notion with any kind of ethical motivation . in so doing , the right derides not maoism , but the ideology of classical liberal democracy society , where redefinition does not occur by the party running a one-party state , but by free and open exchange of ideas , and where ethical concerns ( as well as pragmatic concerns ) are relevant . rex sprouse [ whose comment prompted my original question - - mam ] = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = i imagine the list is going to be inundated with opinions about political correctness for a while now . it should be interesting to see how the linguistics community feels about this issue . i ' m young enough that i was completely unaware of the connection of the term with maoism . i can tell you , however , that it is currently being used on college campuses by certain groups with no ironic intention . nowadays , what is politically correct is anything , particularly language , that is not sexist , racist , heterosexist , lookist , ageist , ableist , etc . the groups fighting these - isms tend to use the term quite straightforwardly to refer to what they believe is the only accepted way to be . it seems to me that the current situation mr . sprouse mentioned has resulted from the near-fascist enforcement tactics of these special interest groups and the mangling of language that pc results in , rather than any historic reasons . benjamin moore japan electronic dictionary research institute ltd . kawasaki , japan ben @ edr5r . edr . co . jp = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = a few years ago when reading krushchev 's secret speech in which he denounced stalin for the first time ( at the 1956 communist party congress ) , i noticed the use of a term in russian that could be translated as """""""" politically correct . """""""" while denouncing stalin , krushchev maintained a belief in the """""""" politically correct """""""" - - which stalin obviously was n't . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = re : mark mandel 's inquiry about the origins of """""""" politically correct """""""" : ric dolphin 's not politically correct ( 1992 ) confirms mark 's belief that the term originated in the thoughts of mao tse tung . dolphin states that its first use in the u . s . was by angela davis in 1971 when she argued that there could be no """""""" opposing argument to an issue which has only one correct side . """""""" then in 1975 , the then-president of the national organization of women said that organization was moving in """""""" the intellectually and politically correct direction . """""""" the 1971 quotation seems to confirm mark 's view that only those who accept political authority over the quest for truth could use the term with no ironic intent . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = i first heard """""""" pc / politically correct """""""" in the early 80s used wryly and humorously about themselves by people trying to live lives of some modicum of independence from agribusiness and the consumption of fossil fuel . i was really sorry to see it turned from gentle humor to the grim tool it has become in the hands of demagogues . f . karttunen v = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = dear mark , i do n't know where the term """""""" politically correct """""""" first entered english , but the etymology you give would certainly be consistent with my experience . back in the early ' 80s i knew """""""" politically correct """""""" as a term that leftists might use to poke fun at those whose ( putatively leftist ) politics seemed too doctrinaire . later , various writers , commentators , and politicians hostile to the left seized on the term as if it had been used seriously - - in other words , as if there had been leftists ( in the us ) who applied the term to themselves without irony . now , what had been something of an inside leftwing joke has been turned into a weapon brandished against the left . for example , in 1982 , say , a leftist might have blown off steam about some dogmatic person or organization by characterizing her or it as """""""" politically correct . """""""" but now i hear the term used by non-leftists , often to evoke an image of rigid leftist / multi-culturalist / academic types taking over our institutions and seeking to control our minds - - as if such a move were afoot , and as if the left had that much power . at this point , if """""""" politically correct """""""" ever regains an ironic connotation , perhaps it will be as a word that makes fun of the political right . for example , sometimes i hear people call each other """""""" commie """""""" or """""""" pinko """""""" in a manner whose real intent is to make fun of the prejudices of anti-communists . i could imagine that """""""" politically correct """""""" might one day be used similarly . sincerely , seth
  """",0
  604,""""Subject: summary : taps / flaps
   
   taps / flaps : summary : not long ago i asked about dialectal variation in english taps ( sometimes called flaps ) for < t > . many thanks to the thirty or so respondents , who i will name only where i cite them . * environments * there was general agreement that the trager description was not ( or , possibly , was no longer ) accurate , although one respondent suggested that his description might fit southern us accents better than northern ones . flapping / tapping of a word-final < t > before a stressed syllable is possible for most of those who responded . some varieties are reported to be leniting the flap further , possibly to zero . various speakers , however , had noted flaps / taps in other people 's dialects which sounded odd to them , eg in words like _ button _ and _ eighteen _ . both of these seem to be ok here ( at least on iambic-reversal 18 ) . the most thorough suggestion came from ian mackay : > an intervocalic t or d is flapped as long as the following syllable ( ie , > the syllable containing the second of the two vowels that the t or d is > """""""" inter """""""" ) does not carry primary stress , and that the second vowel does > not carry significantly more stress than the first vowel , and with > the proviso that word boundaries may block the phenomenon ( but do n't > ask me to specify the nature of those word boundaries ! ! ! ) . one ( british ) respondent said that in their dialect , tapping / flapping seemed to be lexically determined , not determined by phonetic environment , so that a flap / tap was possible in _ witty _ but not _ pretty _ , in _ british _ but not in _ skittish _ . and don churma brought in the spectre of morphological conditioning , which might also account for the examples above : > in fact , there are still further details that most folks > seem to be unaware of , like the relevance of """""""" level 2 """""""" morpheme > boundaries ( cf . my flapped / t / before the secondarily stressed / i / in > ( deadjectival ) """""""" elitism """""""" vs . aspirated / t / in ( denominal ) """""""" magnetism """""""" ) . at least all these different aspects of the problem make it clear why it is so hard to describe properly . * syllable - final , syllable-initial or ambisyllabic ? * alice turk reports that her experiments suggest that an ambisyllabic analysis is the most explanatory . this is also reported as the solution used by kahn . other respondents argued for syllable-initial ( on the grounds that for them syllable-final was always glottalised ) or syllable-final ( on the grounds that voiceless taps / flaps also occurred , but only in clear syllable-final position or that clearly syllable-initial / t / s were always aspirated ) . as john harris remarked : > as to the coda-vs - onset issue , i ' m sure you 'd agree , the competition is not > going to be resolved by simply inspecting the data ( or even listening to it ) , > since codas and onsets are not present in them . it 's a matter of comparing > the two theories . i could n't agree more , especially since i am aware of conflicting definitions of ambisyllabicity in the literature on dependency phonology . * references : * harris , john 1990 phonology 7 , harris john & kaye 1990 the linguistic review harris , john 1994 english sound structure ( blackwell ) chapter 4 jensen , john english phonology , kahn , daniel , 1976 syllable - based generalizations in english . dissertation . olive , j . p . , a . greenwoord , & j . coleman . 1993 . acoustics of american english speech . springer - verlag picard , marc ( 1984 ) """""""" english aspiration and flapping revisited """""""" . canadian journal of linguistics 29 : 42-57 . turk , a . ( 1993 ) effects of position - in - syllable and stress on consonant articulation . cornell ph . d . dissertation zue , v . & m . laferriere . 1979 . acoustic study of medial / t , d / in american english . j . acoust . soc . am . 66 : 1039-1050 . laurie . bauer @ vuw . ac . nz department of linguistics , victoria university , po box 600 , wellington , new zealand ph : + 64 4 472 1000 x 8800 fax : + 64 4 471 2070
  """",0
  605,""""Subject: summary : basic order ( and remarks on typology )
   
   last week i asked for references to discussions of a problem that comes up in linguistic typology : when there are conflicting or ambiguous criteria for deciding whether a particular language is a particular ' type ' with respect to some feature ( word order , clause alignment , or whatever ) , how does one decide how to assign that language ? i would like to thank the following for their helpful replies : george huttar , yehuda falk , dan everett , larry trask , jon aske , mike maxwell , mark newson , bill croft , georgia green , ingo plag , randy harris , and andrew carstairs - mccarthy . i was quite surprised at the small amount of published attention that there is to this problem . i was pointed to short discussions ( no more than a couple pages ) in some of the major works devoted to typology : the seminal greenberg paper , comrie 's ' language universals and linguistic typology ' , croft 's ' typology and universals ' , and hawkins ' ' word order universals ' . it was also suggested that i look at doris payne 's ' the pragmatics of word order ' and to papers on yagua by payne and dan everett and on tzotzil by judith aissen . what prompted my query was a reading of johanna nichols ' linguistic diversity in space and time , which i found extremely impressive . but all through it i had an uneasy feeling caused by her pigeon-holeing languages as ' svo ' , ' head-marking ' , ' active-stative ' , or whatever . since so many languages are * not * transparently one particular ' type ' on the surface , i wondered what the basis for these type-characterizations was . there is no general answer given to this question for an obvious reason : neither nichols or anyone else could have profound first-hand knowledge of more than a small handful of the 174 languages in the data base . i suspect that in most cases nichols could not know what criteria were applied to type a language in the sources she consulted , because many sources are insufficiently explicit on that point or take as self-evident some categorization that another would take as controversial or simply wrong . ( consider , for example , her typing french as vso . ) there were , to be sure , cases where nichols threw out some language from the sample of some particular feature because of its obvious ambiguous status with respect to that feature . but doing so could have created more problems than it solved . as both aske and croft pointed out in their postings to me , if a language is ' inconsistent ' with respect to a particular feature , that too is typological data ; data moreover that could be highly relevant to conclusions about stability and diversity over time . in a sample of 174 languages , misassignment of several languages within a category with a 3 - way division could lead to rather different conclusions . likewise , so would postulating a different set of categories or having categories specifically for ' mixed ' types . this is beginning to sound like a critique of nichols , but i do n't mean it to be . rather , it is more a commentary on the shaky art of typological pigeon-holeing that underlies not just conclusions about language prehistory , but also much functionalist theorizing and - - increasingly - - generative theorizing as well . there is also the question of sample * size * . typologists strive , quite reasonably , to correct for genetic and areal biases in their samples ( the most heroic effort along these lines that i know of is dryer 's work ) . but how confident can we be of any attempt to eliminate bias from the sample , given nichols ' conclusions that influences can extend half-way around the globe ? and does n't that present a challenge to purported explanations of the relative frequency of some typological feature , which are common in the functionalist literature and increasingly so in the generative ? so much could be the result of historical accident on the one hand and contact and descent on the other , rather than the product of ' external ' functional forces or the design of ug . the smaller the sample of languages where mutual influence or common descent is not a possibility , the more likely that some implicational typological relation is artifactual . and the more reason we have to think that there are a lot of typologically possible but - - purely by chance - - nonexisting languages . fritz newmeyer fjn @ u . washington . edu ps : with respect to the last point , alan bell has shown that if some feature appears in 1 % of the world 's languages ( say , 40-50 languages ) , it will show up only about 50 % of the time in a random sample of 75 languages . you 'd need a sample of over 200 languages before it could be counted on to show up 90 % of the time . and we are assuming here , utterly counterfactually , that there are no genetic relations or areal influences between languages .
  """",0
  606,""""Subject: eskimo snow
   
   david prager branner asks : > there is talk again on the linguist list about the """""""" great eskimo snow > hoax """""""" . i may be imagining things , but the people who talk about this > never seem to be specialists in eskimo languages . i would like to hear > from an inuit or tlingit specialist on just what the snow situation > really is in these languages . . . . geoffrey k . pullum , in _ the great eskimo vocabulary hoax _ ( chicago , 1991 ) , pp . 168-171 , reports the results of his consultation with anthony woodbury , a bona fide expert on yupik eskimo , and provides the following statement for use at cocktail parties : """""""" let it be known that professor anthony woodbury ( department of linguistics , university of texas , austin , texas 78712 ) is prepared to endorse the claim that the central alaskan yupik eskimo language has about a dozen words ( even a couple of dozen if you are fairly liberal about what you count ) for referring to snow and to related natural phenomena , events , or behavior . """""""" this is , he adds , """""""" not remarkably different in size from the list in english . """""""" - - victor golla the society for the study of the indigenous languages of the americas gollav @ axe . humboldt . edu
  """",0
  607,""""Subject: re : eskimo """""""" snow """"""""
   
   in response to david branner , the point about eskimo snow words was not that there are supposed to be ways of describing various kinds of snow if one wants to but that there is supposedly ( acc . to the myth-makers ) a large number of distinct words with no cover terms corresponding to our 's now ' . so the example of english having lots of words for kinds of boats is not apposite because we also have cover terms like ' boat ' and 's hip ' . likewise , mongolian and horses , and so on . in this sense , west greenlandic anyway has two words , one meaning ' falling snow ' , the other ' fallen snow ' , which is exactly the same as the situation in classical greek ! ! ! ! !
  """",0
  608,""""Subject: ' snow ' lexemes in yup ' ik
   
   in linguist vol-5 - 1231 , david prager branner writes : > there is talk again on the linguist list about the """""""" great eskimo snow > hoax """""""" . > > . . . i would like to hear from an inuit > or tlingit specialist on just what the snow situation really is in these > languages . frankly , i find it rather hard to believe . > > rural southern chinese dialects have lots of words for different kinds of > rice , . . . > . . . > so why should n't inuit > have a dozen or more words for different kinds of cold precipitation ? when geoff pullum 's book , ' the great eskimo vocabulary hoax , ' came out , i started getting quite a number of inquiries from journalists about """""""" words for 's now ' in eskimo . """""""" that motivated me to prepare the appended item . please feel free to pass it around . tony woodbury * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * counting eskimo words for snow : a citizen 's guide lexemes referring to snow and snow-related notions in steven a . jacobson 's ( 1984 ) yup ' ik eskimo dictionary [ 1 ] anthony c . woodbury university of texas at austin july 1991 this is a list of lexemes referring to snow and related notions in one eskimo language , central alaskan yupik ( or just yup ' ik eskimo ) . it is spoken by about 13 , 000 people in the coast and river areas of southwestern alaska from norton sound to bristol bay . it is one of five eskimo languages . ( of these five , probably the best-known is inuit , spoken in a series of well-differentiated dialects ranging from northern alaska , all across the canadian far north , and up to the coast of greenland . while the term inuit is preferred to eskimo by many in canada , the term is retained here because ( a ) it properly refers to any eskimo group , not only the inuit ; and ( b ) its use is widespread in native communities in alaska . ) this is a list of lexemes rather than of words . roughly , a lexeme can be thought of as an independent vocabulary item or dictionary entry . it 's different from a word since a lexeme can give rise to more than one distinctly inflected word . thus english has a single lexeme _ speak _ which gives rise to inflected forms like _ speaks _ , _ spoke _ , and _ spoken _ . it 's especially important to count lexemes rather than words when talking about eskimo languages . that 's because they are inflectionally so complicated that each single noun lexeme may have about 280 distinct inflected forms , while each verb lexeme may have over 1000 ! obviously , that would put the number of snow words through the roof very quickly . the list is organized according to lexeme * meanings * . perhaps somewhat arbitrarily i have counted fifteen of them , placing within each of them noun and / or verb lexemes having the same basic sense . and perhaps even more arbitrarily , i ' ve grouped these fifteen meanings into four larger sets . but the most arbitrary decision of all is left to the discretion of the reader-the decision of how to count the lexemes themselves . here are some of the problems you face : ( a ) are all fifteen lexeme meanings really 's now ' - meanings ? that is , do words with these meanings really count for you as words for snow ? [ 2 ] ( b ) there are some synonyms present - - alternative lexemes with the same meaning , like garbage vs . trash in english . are you going to count them separately , or together ? ( c ) if you decided to count synonyms together , will you also count together both of the members of noun-verb pairs having basically the same meaning ? ( the members are , technically speaking , separate lexemes since partly idiosyncratic morphological changes mark the verbal forms , and must therefore be listed separately in any truly informative dictionary , as indeed jacobson 's dictionary does . ) ( d ) following jacobson , i ' ve specially labelled those lexemes that only occur in a small subpart of the central alaskan yupik - speaking region . are you going to try to make counts for each separate dialect ? if yes , you will wonder if you really have enough information to do so . ( you ' re not alone in this-such information is difficult to compile , whether or not you are a linguist , and also whether or not you are a native speaker of a language . ) [ 3 ] a . snow particles ( 1 ) snowflake qanuk 's nowflake ' qanir - ' to snow ' qanunge - ' to snow ' [ nun ] qanugglir - ' to snow ' [ nun ] ( 2 ) frost kaneq ' frost ' kaner - ' be frosty / frost sth . ' ( 3 ) fine snow / rain particles kanevvluk ' fine snow / rain particles kanevcir - to get fine snow / rain particles ( 4 ) drifting particles natquik 'd rifting snow / etc ' natqu ( v ) igte - ' for snow / etc . to drift along ground ' ( 5 ) clinging particles nevluk ' clinging debris / nevlugte - ' have clinging debris / . . . ' lint / snow / dirt . . . ' b . fallen snow ( 6 ) fallen snow on the ground aniu [ ns ] 's now on ground ' aniu - [ ns ] ' get snow on ground ' apun [ ns ] 's now on ground ' qanikcaq 's now on ground ' qanikcir - ' get snow on ground ' ( 7 ) soft , deep fallen snow on the ground muruaneq 's oft deep snow ' ( 8 ) crust on fallen snow qetrar - [ nsu ] ' for snow to crust ' qerretrar - [ nsu ] ' for snow to crust ' ( 9 ) fresh fallen snow on the ground nutaryuk ' fresh snow ' [ hbc ] ( 10 ) fallen snow floating on water qanisqineq 's now floating on water ' c . snow formations ( 11 ) snow bank qengaruk 's now bank ' [ y , hbc ] ( 12 ) snow block utvak 's now carved in block ' ( 13 ) snow cornice navcaq [ nsu ] 's now cornice , snow ( formation ) about to collapse ' navcite - ' get caught in an avalanche ' d . meterological events ( 14 ) blizzard , snowstorm pirta ' blizzard , snowstorm ' pircir - ' to blizzard ' pirtuk ' blizzard , snowstorm ' ( 15 ) severe blizzard cellallir - , cellarrlir - ' to snow heavily ' pir ( e ) t ( e ) pag - ' to blizzard severely ' pirrelvag - ' to blizzard severely ' appendix : an unordered list of english snow lexemes avalanche blizzard blowing snow dusting flurry frost hail hardpack ice lens igloo ( inuit iglu ' house ' ) pingo ( inuit pingu ( q ) ' ice lens ' ) powder sleet slushsnow snow bank snow cornice snow fort snow house snow man snow-mixed - with-rain ? snowflake snowstorm others ? footnotes 1 . published by alaska native language center , university of alaska , fairbanks . 2 . the indeterminacy and difficulty of this question is due to the fact that words do n't merely match pre-existing things in the world . rather , they shape and encapsulate ideas about things - - how they are categorized ( compare dog vs . canine ) , how we are interacting with them ( compare sheep vs . mutton ) , how the word functions grammatically ( compare the noun cow vs . the adjective bovine ) , and how we wish to represent our attitudes about them ( compare critter vs . varmint ) . it was in connection with this point that discussion of eskimo words for snow first arose ( in the writings of two major 20th century anthropological linguists , franz boas and benjamin lee whorf ) . unfortunately , their point has been pretty much missed by those who insist on counting . 3 . here are the dialect area abbreviations used : ns norton sound dialect nsu norton sound , unaliq subdialect hbc hooper bay - chevak y yukon river area subdialect of general central alaskan yupik dialect nun nunivak
  """",0
  609,""""Subject: internet - accessible linguistic data-sources
   
   subscribers have asked us to compile a list of linguistic resources which are available on the internet and on world wide web , and to make that list generally available through the linguist file and web servers . we ' ve also been asked to compile a list of linguistic departments and programs which have either web servers , or information accessible through gopher or ftp . we ' re happy to do this - - we think it would be very useful resource for subscribers - - but we need you to help us , by providing the information that file will contain . these resources can be of any nature : they can be ftp ' able files containing linguistic data , places where gopher servers having access to linguistic files exist , or documents available through web servers . we ' ve appended the list of linguistic resources we have so far . we know this is incomplete . can you help us find what 's missing - - and keep us informed of anything new that appears as time passes ? regards anthony & helen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * programs and departments * * * * * brown university , rhode island url : http : / / www . cog . brown . edu / carnegie mellon university , languages and linguistics . url : http : / / english-server . hss . cmu . edu / langs . html georgetown university , department of linguistics . url : http : / / www . georgetown . edu / cball / gu _ lx . html goteborg university ( computational linguistics ) url : http : / / www . cling . gu . se / lajos kossuth university , center for applied linguistics url : http : / / multi . arts . klte . hu / lancaster university , department of linguistics and modern english language . url : http : / / eisv01 . lancs . ac . uk / ohio state university , columbus , ohio . department of linguistics . url : http : / / ling . ohio-state . edu university of arizona , department of linguistics . url : http : / / www . arizona . edu / academic / linguistics . html university college , london . department of phonetics and linguistics . url : http : / / www . phon . ucl . ac . uk / university of london , birkbeck college . department of applied linguistics . url : http : / / www . bbk . ac . uk / departments / appliedlinguistics / home . html university of pennsylvania , linguistics department . url : gopher : / / ling . upenn . edu / 1 """""""" > university of rochester , new york url : http : / / www . ling . rochester . edu / university of sussex , school of cognitive and computing sciences url : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / * * * * * * * general sources of linguistic information * * * * * * * * ethnologue : the sil searchable catalog of the world 's languages . url : gopher : / / sil . org : 70 / 11gopher _ root % 3a % 5bethnologue % 5d the aboriginal studies electronic data archive ( aseda ) url : http : / / coombs . anu . edu . au / specialproj / aseda / aseda . html the university of edinburgh url : ftp : / / ling . ed . ac . uk """""""" > university of edinburgh international computer archive of modern english ( icame ) , at the university of bergen . url : ftp : / / nora . hd . uib . no / pub the goteborg databank of swedish texts . url : http : / / logos . svenska . gu . se the linguistic software archive at the university of michigan . url : ftp : / / linguistics . archive . umich . edu the linguistic data consortium at the university of pennsylvania . url : ftp : / / linc . cis . upenn . edu / pub / ldc """""""" > the university of virginia electronic text center url : http : / / www . lib . virginia . edu / etext / etc . html summer institute of linguistics ( sil ) url : http : / / www . sil . org / * * * * * * * * * * general indices * * * * * * * * * http : / / www . cog . brown . edu / pointers / linguistics . html """""""" > linguistics http : / / www . bbk . ac . uk / departments / appliedlinguistics / virtuallibrary . html
  """",0
  610,""""Subject: grammatical relations
   
   for some time , i have been puzzled by a claim that i come across frequently in the formal grammatical literature , namely that since grammatical relations are derived , therefore they cannot be referred to by the grammar . please note that my puzzlement is not concerned with whether grammatical relations are primitive or derived , nor with whether or not the grammar can refer to grammatical relations , but rather with the alleged causal relation between answers to these two questions . more specifically , my puzzlement is not concerned with why some people believe both that grammatical relations are derived and that grammatical relations cannot be referred to by the grammar , but rather with why they think the second belief follows necessarily from the first . to take what seems to be a parallel instance , valid at least for many versions of formal grammar : control ( c-control , etc . ) is a derived concept , but can be referred to by the grammar - - so the causal link between derived status and inaccessibility to the grammar seems to be denied in other areas . i would be grateful for any enlightenment on this issue . sender : bernard comrie department of linguistics gfs-301 university of southern california los angeles , ca 90089-1693 , usa . tel . + 1 213 740 2986 . fax + 1 213 740 9306 . e - mail comrie @ bcf . usc . edu
  """",0
  611,""""Subject: celtic studies
   
   dear list , i am compiling a list of celtic studies programs / classes and departments of celtic around the world . i have already had a great many contributions . many thanks to all who helped ! ! however , for many universities i am still lacking some parts of the information i need . below , there is a list of these universities , followed by a list of those universities already featured with all necessary information . i ` m looking for the following informations : university : address : department : degrees : teachers : courses : notes : please reply to : mwo @ asl1 . ikp . uni-bonn . de or uzs07b @ ibm . rhrz . uni-bonn . de thank you for your cooperation ! maria wolters - - - - - i need more info on : i . europe humboldt - universitaet berlin university of osnabrueck university of wales at aberyswyth , lampeter university of aberdeen university of glasgow university of london ( courses ) university of liverpool ( courses ) trinity college , dublin university college galway university of leiden universit ' e de bretagne occidentale ( teachers , courses , degrees ) universit ' e de rennes 2 ( teachers , courses , degrees ) ii . america amherst american university boston college catholic university of america university of cincinnati university of guelph harvard university memorial university , newfoundland university of ottawa university of pennsylvania st . mary 's university , halifax temple university university of toronto queens college iii . australia university of sydney i already have complete info on : i . europe : rheinische friedrich - wilhelms - universitaet bonn university of freiburg university of innsbruck university of marburg university of edinburgh university of manchester university of utrecht university of lublin university of zagreb university of jerusalem ii . america ball state university berkeley university of washington , seattle
  """",0
  612,""""Subject: survey of narrative for persons with aphasia - - addendum
   
   colleagues : this an addendum to a previous message from a friend of mine ( maureen stemmelen ) that asked subscribers to complete a survey . this clarification is in response to some queries some people had regarding the survey . the purpose of the survey was to gather data from normal people in order to design better narrative elicitation tasks for subjects with aphasia . these tasks will be used with american residents only , which explains the cultural bias in the survey . thank you for your participation . the survey is attached to refresh your memory as to what we are talking about ! kirrie ballard & maureen stemmelen ( maurstem @ merle . acns . nwu . edu ) survey the results from this survey will be utilized in a research project designed to examine the language of aphasic speakers . results of this survey will remain confidential . please do not write your name on this form . identifying information today 's date : your birth date : highest level of education : present or most recent job : male female ( asterisk one ) country of residence : part i in the spaces below , please list five 's tories ' from which you could recall the general plot , some of the major characters , possibly some details important to the storyline , and provide a short narration of if given some reminders of the story ( such as pictures ) . these 's tories ' could be such things as children 's books , fables or fairy tales , adult books , movies , plays , etc . please fill in all of the blanks . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . part ii please asterisk those items that you would be able to talk about in sufficient detail for approximately ten minutes . asterisk all that apply . world war ii watergate your closest friend learning to drive the bombing of japan the challenger disaster vietnam apollo 11 graduating from high school the fall of communism in eastern europe your first job the gulf war kennedy 's assassination your earliest memories of school woodstock the depression the assassination of dr . martin luther king the current u . s . president your present or most recent job your first date d - day the civil rights movement the cold war your most memorable vacation thank you for your participation .
  """",0
  613,""""Subject: query : voicing assimilation
   
   i know of two languages where voiced fricatives devoice after a voiceless obstruents , even though voiced stops cause the preceding voiceless obstruent to voice instead ( dutch and within certain domains , polish ) . i am wondering if there are other examples .
  """",0
  614,""""Subject: q : fundamental frequency software
   
   dear colleagues , i would be grateful if you could provide me any information about software that analyses human speech and show the fundamental frequency of it . in particular , i am looking for software that would analyse recorded speech ( recorded in real conditions and not in laboratory ones ) and show the fundamental frequency of an utterance , with the ability to describe the exact pitch of each vowel - or voiced consonant - , as well as its loudness . i believe that a parallel representation of the waveform would help a lot , in order in order for me to determine the exact pitch of a vowel and its relative loudness . i was working with soundwaves software , but i will not have access to that software any more . moreover , since i have seen much more sophisticated representations of f0 in last recent journals and periodicals , i am looking for something faster and more detailed than soundwaves . i would like to know the types of software that exist either for ibm compatible pcs , or for mac , or even for unix . please tell me also the kind of hardware that is necessary for each software , and where i could find or buy this gear . i would really appreciate any information that you would sent me , and i promise to summarise it and distribute it through the linguist list . thank you in advance dimitris papazachariou . department of language and linguistics university of essex wivenhoe park colchester co4-3sq england e-mail address : papaz @ essex . ac . uk
  """",0
  615,""""Subject: software for propositional analysis
   
   hi ! i need to find a software to do propositional analysis to analyze large students ' writing for my study . as far as i know , theoretically many differnet analysis frames have been suggested . especially , i am interested in kintsch 's model . if you happen to know any of this kind software , please let me know . if not , why do n't we make this kind of software for research and teaching purpose ? thanks in advance . byungmin lee university of texas at austin .
  """",0
  616,""""Subject: re : bengali software
   
   i would like to know of sources for bengali software . a bengali script word processor would be great , and / or language learning materials . sources for print materials would also be welcome , linguistics or learning oriented . will sumarize . thank you . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * stephen de giulio voice : ( 505 ) 439-0797 2107 aspen drive fax : ( 505 ) 439-3643 alamogordo , new mexico internet : degiulio @ nmsua . nmsu . edu
  """",0
  617,""""Subject: summary : ' typewriter ' and """""""" canadian """""""" raising
   
   i recently asked , as i do periodically , if anyone knows of speakers who have different vowels in _ rider _ and _ writer _ ( i . e . , who have canadian raising , so called , for the diphthong / ai / ) but who use the vowel of _ rider _ in the second syllable of _ typewriter _ . i received a fair amount of mostly irate comments from people who thought this was impossible . however , i have found one speaker ( who happens to be a linguist but not a phonologist ) who has this pronunciation . as it happens he is not from ontario , but from illinois , but i believe that his existence strengthens the case for the hitherto purely hypothetical account i have proposed of how joos came to """""""" invent """""""" the non-existent ontario dialect in which supposedly _ writer _ and _ rider _ were homophonous . a careful reading of joos shows that the only example he actually cites is _ typewriter _ , not _ writer _ ! i thus believe that there must have been more speakers who said _ writer _ with a higher vowel , but both _ rider _ and _ typewriter _ with a lower one than my sole informant , and that this sporadic pronunciation is what led to the birth of the whole myth about rule ordering in canadian english , which persists till now as the example of crucial rule ordering in the phonological literature . it may not be as glamorous as the eskimo snow word myth , but there it is .
  """",0
  618,""""Subject: typological classification
   
   a few remarks on fritz newmeyer 's posting on classification in language typology : of course it is not always easy to decide to which type a given language should be assigned , since there may be conflicting criteria . but some people seem to think that this is somehow a deep problem with language typology . in reality , there is no deep problem here at all , so the typological literature is quite right in not dwelling on such trivial methodological points too much , concentrating on substantive and theoretical issues instead . true , the methodology of language typology is somewhat different from the methodology used in single-language studies that most linguists engange in . when searching for significant correlations between features / parameters in the world 's language , one has to classify languages , and the more languages one looks at , the less energy one can spend on resolving each individual case . clearly , the speacialist will sometimes disagree with the way her or his language was assigned , but then most of them time not all specialists agree on the right classification themselves . when the criteria are in conflict , it may sometimes be necessary to give more weight to some than to others in a somewhat arbitrary way - - but this is simply one reflection of the necessary idealization that accompanies any serious scientific endeavor . it 's as simple as that : the more one studies linguistic phenomena in breadth , the more one loses in depth . but vice versa , linguists that study only one or a few languages are working on an extremely narrow basis and lose in breadth what they gain in depth . ideally , typological research should be conducted by teams of linguists , much in the same way as research in big science is organized . with more resources that are combined , one could study linguistic phenomena in considerable breadth and depth simultaneously . an attempt to follow this strategy has been made in the european science programme in language typology , which has been running in europe for the past five years ( wait for 10 volumes on the typology of european languages , to appear with mouton de gruyter in a year 's time ) . this was only a very modest , seriously underfunded attempt , but until we attract really big research money or manage to agree on more things , we have to be happy that we have colleagues like johanna nichols who are willing to make enormous efforts to get a view of linguistic phenomena on a global scale . martin haspelmath ( free university of berlin )
  """",0
  619,""""Subject: sum : dets and number
   
   about a month ago , i posted the following query : i ' m looking for languages whose nps have the following three properties : ( 1 ) bare , unmarked nouns occur in argument position , and may be interpreted as either singular or plural ( eg . malay , mandarin , japanese , as opposed to english ) ; ( 2 ) at least some determiners are unmarked for number ( eg . english """""""" the """""""" , """""""" some """""""" , """""""" john 's """""""" , as opposed to """""""" this """""""" , """""""" these """""""" ) ; and , most interestingly , ( 3 ) when a bare , unmarked noun occurs in construction with a determiner that is unmarked for number , the resulting np * is * marked for number . so far , i am familiar with two languages satisfying the above three conditions . ( both are singaporean dialects of languages whose standard varieties do n't satisfy these conditions . ) singaporean malay ( 1 ) like in standard malay , bare , unmarked nouns are unmarked for number , eg . """""""" kucing """""""" ( cat / cats ) ; ( 2 ) again like in standard malay , the determiners """""""" itu """""""" ( that / the ) and ini """""""" ( this ) are unmarked for number , eg . """""""" seekor kucing itu """""""" ( that / the one cat ) , """""""" dua ekor kucing itu """""""" ( those / the two cats ) ; ( 3 ) unlike in standard malay , bare , unmarked nouns in construction with """""""" itu """""""" and ini """""""" tend to be interpreted as singular , eg . """""""" kucing itu """""""" ( that / the cat / ? * cats ) . [ apparently , there is some variation here between speakers , and between different constructions for the same speakers . ] singlish ( aka colloquial singaporean english ) ( 1 ) unlike in standard english , bare , unmarked nouns are unmarked for number , eg . """""""" cat """""""" ( cat / cats ) ; ( 2 ) like in standard english , prenominal possessors such as """""""" john 's """""""" are unmarked for number , eg . """""""" john 's one cat """""""" ( john 's one cat ) , """""""" john 's two cat ( s ) """""""" ( john 's two cats ) ; ( 3 ) when bare , unmarked nouns are preceded by prenominal possessors , the resulting construction can only be interpreted as singular , eg . """""""" john 's cat """""""" ( john 's cat / * cats ) . some questions : ( a ) is anybody familiar with more such examples ? ( references ? ) ( b ) is this a southeast asian areal feature and / or a common cross-linguistic pattern ? ( c ) in both of the above cases , an unmarked noun plus an unmarked determiner results in a singular np . are there any cases where the result is a plural np ? ( d ) does anybody have any ideas how to analyze / explain this phenomenon ( within any theoretical framework , or none ) ? * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this is one case where the summary is much shorter than the query itself . two other languages emerged with a pattern identical to that of singaporean malay : japanese ( thanks to pamela a downing and mayumi masuko ) , and korean ( thanks to jae jung song ) . ( in the meantime , further field work of my own revealed that in singlish , not just prenominal possessors but also the definite article """""""" the """""""" exhibits a similar singularity effect : although unmarked for number ( as evidenced by """""""" the one cat """""""" , """""""" the two cat ( s ) """""""" ) , """""""" the cat """""""" is interpreted as singular . ) further observations were provided by steven berbeco , richard dearmond , bob fradkin , mark a . mandel , edith a . moravcsik , and gwyn williams .
  """",0
  620,""""Subject: sum : size adjs and quantifiers
   
   about a month ago , i posted the following query : i ' m looking for examples , from any language , of quantifiers that are formally related to size adjectives . so far , i am familiar with the following three examples : english : little > a little lao : nohy5 > nohy5 neu : ng2 little little one """""""" little """""""" """""""" a little """""""" minangkabau : ketek > saketek little one-little """""""" little """""""" """""""" a little """""""" is anybody familiar with more such examples ? in spite of the typological and geographical diversity of these three languages , the above constructions are strikingly similar . this raises the following further questions : ( 1 ) are there any analogous examples where """""""" many """""""" is derived from """""""" big """""""" ? ( 2 ) are there any examples where the derivation is in the other direction , ie . where a size adjective , eg . """""""" little """""""" is derived from a quantifier , eg . """""""" a few """""""" ? * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the above query triggered numerous interesting responses , for which i am grateful to the following residents of the global virtual village : robert beard , steven berbeco , jonathan david bobaljik , john cowan , jane edwards , f . gladney , arthur holmer , knut lambrecht , pierre larrivee , ann lindvall , edith moravcsik , geoffrey s . nathan , chris pountain , ines shaw , nancy stenson , frits stuurman , cynthia vakareliyska , 0ystein alexander vangsnes , peansiri vongvipanond , and a person who wished to remain anonymous . in a nutshell , all of the responses but one provided data from european languages . i do not know enough to say whether this areal patterning is of the phenomenon in question , or rather of the respondents to the query , and the languages that they are familiar with . however , the data suggested that formal relationships between quantifiers and size adjectives are indeed widespread , and provided an affirmative answer to the first specific query , with examples of the derivation of """""""" many """""""" from """""""" big """""""" . in what follows , i provide a selection of typical responses ( if anybody wants the responses in their entirety , they can contact me directly ) . some more examples of """""""" little """""""" > """""""" a little """""""" : swedish : liten > lite """""""" little """""""" """""""" a little """""""" irish : beag > beaga ' n """""""" little """""""" """""""" a little """""""" french : petit > un petit """""""" little """""""" """""""" a little """""""" russian : mal / malo / mala > malo """""""" little """""""" """""""" a little """""""" ( short predicate forms ) polish : maly > malo """""""" little """""""" """""""" a little """""""" bulgarian : maluk / malko / malka > malko """""""" little """""""" """""""" a little """""""" some respondents offered interesting diachronic comments : """""""" [ t ] he latin adjectives for ' little ' , parvus and paulus , were replaced by what is often seen as an ' onomatopoeic ' creation ( * pittinnus for spanish ) . the adverb parum , which is morphologically related to parvus is replaced by a form * paucu , which existed in classical latin only in the plural ( pauci ) with the meaning ' ( a ) few ' . in the medieval romance languages , old spanish _ poco _ , old catalan _ poc _ and old occitan _ pauc _ are however attested in the meaning of ' little ' . """""""" [ chris pountain ] """""""" [ t ] he latin root is from ie * pou / pau , which gives english few , foal , as well as latin ( and english ) pauper , poverty , not to mention greek paed ` child ' ( paediatrician etc . ) so all the ` small ' and ` few ' meanings are intermingled throughout all the ie etyma . """""""" [ geoffrey s . nathan ] and now , in response to question ( 1 ) , some examples of """""""" big """""""" > """""""" many """""""" : quebec french : gros > gros gros """""""" big """""""" """""""" a lot """""""" irish : mo ' r > mo ' ra ' n """""""" big """""""" """""""" a lot """""""" ( negative polarity ) polish : duzy > duzo """""""" big """""""" """""""" a lot """""""" and a general diachronic comment : """""""" slavic _ comparative _ quantifier """""""" more """""""" has the same root ( bol - ) as adj """""""" big """""""" ( old church slavonic bolii , modern russian bol 's hoj ) . """""""" many / much """""""" is mnogo / mnogi in the slavic languages , root * minog - ( short i ) - - there 's no etymologically related adj meaning """""""" big """""""" . ( the root in the comparative shows up as * bolj - in the comparative quantifier and adjs , but i am assuming the j is a suffix [ . . . ] . i think russian is the only modern language where this root still shows up in the adj . """""""" big """""""" , though all of them except modern bulgarian ( and probably macedonian ) still have the comparative quantifier in bol . vasmer 's etymological dictionary of the russian language relates the root to sanskrit baliyan ( acute accent on first a , long mark over i and second a ) , """""""" stronger """""""" , balisthas ( acute over first a , dot under first s and t ) , """""""" strongest """""""" , """""""" balam """""""" ( acute over first a ) """""""" strength """""""" . russian has two different comparative forms with this root in addition to the adj """""""" big """""""" ( bol 's hoj ) : comparative quantifier bol 's he ( as in """""""" more money """""""" ) and adverb bolee ( as in """""""" more interesting """""""" ) . """""""" [ cynthia vakareliyska ] as for question ( 2 ) , pertaining to derivations in the opposite direction ( from quantifier to size adjective ) , here the evidence is still less clear . one respondent [ ann lindvall ] suggested some possible examples from swedish and greek . in fact , in the above slavic examples , the directionality is not immediately clear , and may perhaps be most appropriately characterized as a nondirectional identity of ( neuter-form ) adjective and quantifier . however , i still have n't encountered any uncontroversial examples of size adjectives that are derived from quantifiers . finally , two interesting comments on related phenomena : """""""" hungarian : ' a little ' or 's omewhat ' ( such as in """""""" she is a little late . """""""" or """""""" a somewhat over-ripe pear was lying on the table . """""""" ) : _ kicsit _ , which consists of _ kicsi _ ( predicative form of the the adjective for 's mall ' ) plus _ t _ , the accusative marker ' very ' , ' extremely ' ( such as in the above sentences , with """""""" little """""""" / """""""" somewhat """""""" replaced with """""""" very """""""" / """""""" extremely """""""" ) : _ nagyon _ , which consists of _ nagy _ ' big ' and _ on _ , a de - adjectival adverbializer . these are ad-verbal and ad-adjectival quantifiers . adnominal quantifiers such as ' many ' and ' few ' do not have to do with size adjectives . """""""" [ edith moravcsik ] """""""" i suspect that the thai and lao adverb ( ? ) nak """""""" great deal , a lot """""""" and the adjective nak """""""" heavy """""""" are derivatives of one another ( strange ? ) through grammaticalization . this verbal quantifier is more prevalent in lao , lanna thai dialect and isan dialect ( all geographically and historically related ) than in bangkok thai . """""""" [ peansiri vongvipanond ]
  """",0
  621,""""Subject: tmi95 - adapted reminder of deadline
   
   we have been asked to clarify what the exact length of the topical papers and progress notes should be . therefore , we send you this adapted version of the reminder of the deadline . on behalf of the organizing committee bruno tersago centre for computational linguistics tel : + 32-16 - 285088 maria - theresiastraat , 21 e - mail : bruno . tersago @ ccl . kuleuven . ac . be b-3000 leuven ( belgium ) fax : + 32-16 - 285098 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tmi95 - the sixth international conference on theoretical and methodological issues in machine translation ( tmi95 ) july 5 - 7 1995 university of leuven centre for computational linguistics leuven , belgium ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! reminder of deadline for paper submission ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! the sixth international conference on theoretical and methodological issues in machine translation ( tmi95 ) will be held from july 5 to 7 1995 at the university of leuven , belgium . it will precede the fifth edition of the mt summit , hosted by the ec in luxembourg from july 10 to 14 . tmi95 will focus on three major topics : computational semantics for mt , mt of spoken language , and the use of sublanguage / controlled language for mt . as a novelty for tmi , two kinds of papers can be submitted : 1 ) high - quality topical papers focussing on ( but not limited to ) the broad domains of computational semantics for mt , mt for spoken languages the use of sublanguage or controlled language for mt . 2 ) short progress notes reporting on ongoing research , possibly accompanied by a demonstration ( no commercial systems ) . ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! please note that the deadline for submission ! ! ! ! ! ! is january 15 1995 . ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! the papers and notes should respect the following conventions : - single column , double-spaced , point size 12 for running text ( figures , annexes , references can deviate from this ) - maximum length : 20 for topical papers ; 8 pages for progress notes including figures and references ( about 5000 words ( topical papers ) ; 2000 words ( progress notes ) ) - they must be in english - they must contain a 100-150 word abstract ( topical papers ) ; 50-100 word abstract ( progress notes ) papers will be reviewed by international experts in the field . notification of acceptance will be sent by april 15 1995 . preference is given to e-mail submission in latex - format . these should be forwarded to tmi-subm @ ccl . kuleuven . ac . be before january 15 1995 . latex submissions must be self-contained latex source and should not refer to any external files or styles except for the standard styles for tex 3 . 14 and latex 2 . 09 . an exception is made however for """""""" avm . sty """""""" , """""""" trees . sty """""""" ( by avery andrews ) and """""""" treedvips . sty """""""" . further inquiries university of leuven centre for computational linguistics maria - theresiastraat 21 b-3000 leuven , belgium phone : + 32-16 - 285088 e-mail tmi95 @ ccl . kuleuven . ac . be attention : from 01-01 - 1995 onwards , phonenumbers of university of leuven will change ! + 32-16 - 28 . . . . - - - > + 32-16 - 32 . . . .
  """",0
  622,""""Subject: call for papers : language and prehistory in south asia
   
   the center for south asian studies , school of hawai ` ian , asian and pacific studies , university of hawai ` i , announces its eleventh annual spring symposium entitled language and prehistory in south asia , to be held march 20 & 21 , 1995 ( monday and tuesday ) from 9 : 00 am to 4 : 00 pm on the university of hawai ` i at manoa campus . papers are invited up to thirty minutes in length , focusing on any aspect of the structure , use , and history of any of the modern or classical languages of south asia ( including afghanistan , bangladesh , bhutan , india , maldives , pakistan , sikkim , sri lanka , and tibet ) as well as relationships and contacts among the languages of this area and between these languages and the languages of mainland and insular south east asia , east asia , central asia , western asia , africa or the pacific islands ( e . g . fiji ) . the proceedings will be published in summer or fall 1995 . send abstracts ( one copy , one page , not anonymous ) to the attention of karina bingham , symposium coordinator , center for south asian studies , moore hall 416 , university of hawai ` i / manoa , honolulu , hi 96822 . for more information , contact dr . lawrence a . reid , dept . of linguistics , ( 808 ) 956-3223 or reid @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu .
  """",0
  623,""""Subject: icla call for papers
   
   4th international cognitive linguistics conference july 17 - july 21 , 1995 , albuquerque , new mexico * aims and scope the international cognitive linguistics conference offers a forum for research within the perspective of cognitive linguistics . this perspective subsumes a number of concerns and broadly compatible theoretical approaches that share a common basis : the idea that language is an integral part of cognition which reflects the interaction of cultural , psychological , communicative , and functional considerations , and which can only be understood in the context of a realistic view of conceptualization and mental processing . topics of interest for cognitive linguistics include the structural characteristics of natural language categorization ( such as prototypicality , metaphor , mental imagery , and cognitive models ) , the functional principles of linguistic organization ( such as iconicity and naturalness ) , the conceptual interface between syntax and semantics , the experiential and pragmatic background of language-in - use , and the relationship between language and thought . in addition , topics of special interest for the 1995 conference include cross-linguistic studies and cognitive linguistic approaches to signed language research . * conference site the 1995 conference will take place on the campus of the university of new mexico ( unm ) in albuquerque . albuquerque lies between the foothills of the sandia mountains ( with peaks of more than 10 , 000 feet ) and the west mesa ( which is dotted with the cinder cones of long-extinct volcanoes ) ; dividing the city is the winding rio grande valley , famous for its bosque nature preserve . at an altitude of roughly 5000 feet , the university campus enjoys warm summer days and cool nights . excursions to nearby pueblos , santa fe , and the sandia mountains are being planned . also taking place at unm during the summer of 1995 is the linguistic society of america 's biennial linguistic institute . under the direction of joan bybee , li-95 will run for six weeks from late june to early august and will include over 50 courses taught by visiting faculty as well as special lectures . the conceptual structure for li-95 applies cross-linguistic comparison and a functional orientation to the major areas of linguistics and the language emphases of the university of new mexico program : signed languages , spanish , and native american languages . several other conferences are planned to precede and follow the 1995 icla conference . * submission of abstracts authors are requested to submit four copies of a one-page abstract in hardcopy format to the address below . abstracts must be received before november 30 , 1994 . authors will be notified of acceptance or rejection by february 1 , 1995 . sherman wilcox / icla95 department of linguistics university of new mexico albuquerque , nm 87131
  """",0
  624,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1225 linguistics and imperialism
   
   with regard to hoberman 's comment . it would not make sense to say that linguistics is inherently imperialistic in nature , any more than it would for any other science , since linguistics is multi-faceted and has many purposes , some now well established and others continually evolving , e . g . , """""""" forensic """""""" applications of linguistics etc . since language is universal , applications for linguistics are universal . in my earlier comments i dwelt on diversity among languages because that 's where the connection between linguistics ( mainly as an aid to learning and teaching languages ) and multilingual empires ( = """""""" imperialism """""""" ) is easiest to see . however , i also noted that there are people who are interested in language and linguistic diversity for its own sake . i suspect that this is universal . although it may be reflected differently in different cultures . maybe the universality of interest in language and linguistic diversity is reflected in myths about the origin of such diversity , or other kinds of """""""" pre-linguistic """""""" explanations . among cultures which seem particularly ethnocentric to me , classic athenian culture perhaps was less encouraging to interest in other languages than most cultures ( with the us perhaps close behind but also with a complex fear and insecurity about languages other than english ) . nevertheless , we see from plato 's cratylus that differences between greek ( in its various diachronic forms ) and the """""""" barbarian """""""" languages was put to philosophical use . if you read cratylus , you ' ll see that plato , through socrates , was putting some value on philosophical arguments which brought in data from other languages . ( even though there 's a lot of sarcasm and tongue in cheek in the whole issue as plato treats it in cratylus , i . e . , whether the words of language are """""""" natural """""""" or """""""" conventional """""""" / are there """""""" correct """""""" words for ideas / concepts / things ? - - plato is always a polemicist , reacting to rival schools of thought . ) i would like to re-open the issue ( i think it was once opened before on the list ) about how different cultures """""""" explain """""""" language diversity , and whether there is a culture which prevents all individual members from being interested in language for its own sake . i do n't think that could logically be possible - - but what do i know ? in any case , this might give us some insights into the """""""" prehistory of linguistics """""""" , and also into the still present motivations of some linguists to attach themselves to this aspect of our culture . benji
  """",0
  625,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1225 linguistics and imperialism
   
   with regard to hoberman 's comment , it would not make sense to say that linguistics is inherently imperialistic in nature , any more than it would for any other science , since linguistics is multi-faceted and has many purposes , some now well established and others continually evolving , e . g . , """""""" forensic """""""" applications of linguistics etc . since language is universal , applications for linguistics are universal . in my earlier comments i dwelt on diversity among languages because that 's where the connection between linguistics ( mainly as an aid to learning and teaching languages ) and multilingual empires ( = """""""" imperialism """""""" ) is easiest to see . however , i also noted that there are people who are interested in language and linguistic diversity for its own sake . i suspect that this is universal . although it may be reflected differently in different cultures . maybe the universality of interest in language and linguistic diversity is reflected in myths about the origin of such diversity , or other kinds of """""""" pre-linguistic """""""" explanations . among cultures which seem particularly ethnocentric to me , classic athenian culture perhaps was less encouraging to interest in other languages than most cultures ( with the us perhaps close behind but also with a complex fear and insecurity about languages other than english ) . nevertheless , we see from plato 's cratylus that differences between greek ( in its various diachronic forms ) and the """""""" barbarian """""""" languages was put to philosophical use . if you read cratylus , you ' ll see that plato , through socrates , was putting some value on philosophical arguments which brought in data from other languages . ( even though there 's a lot of sarcasm and tongue in cheek in the whole issue as plato treats it in cratylus , i . e . , whether the words of language are """""""" natural """""""" or """""""" conventional """""""" / are there """""""" correct """""""" words for ideas / concepts / things ? - - plato is always a polemicist , reacting to rival schools of thought . ) i would like to re-open the issue ( i think it was once opened before on the list ) about how different cultures """""""" explain """""""" language diversity , and whether there is a culture which prevents all individual members from being interested in language for its own sake . i do n't think that could logically be possible - - but what do i know ? in any case , this might give us some insights into the """""""" prehistory of linguistics """""""" , and also into the still present motivations of some linguists to attach themselves to this aspect of our culture . benji
  """",0
  626,""""Subject: 
   
   dictionaries crowley , t . a dictionary of paamese . 1992 ; xii + 256pp . ( incl . 1 map ) . isbn 085883 412 x . aus $ 35 . 00 . pacific linguistics , c-121 . ? ? ? this ia a dictionary of the austronesian language spoken on the island of paama in vanuatu ( formely the new hybrides ) in the south-west pacific . beside the paamese - english listing the dictionary also contains an english - paamese index . it complements the author 's the paamese language of vanuatu ( published by pacific linguistics in 1982 ) . bradley , d . a dictionary of the northern dialect of lisu ( china and southeast asia ) . 1994 ; xii + 275pp . isbn 0 85883 423 5 . au $ 30 . 30 pacific linguistics , c-126 . this dictionary describes the lexicon on the northern dialect of lisu as spoken by most lisu , especially those living in the nujiang autonomous prefecture north-western yunnan . it represents lisu forms in the new lisu orthography as used by the majority of lisu in china . it is based on the lisu - chinese dictionary edited by xu lin , mu yuzhang et . al . , and published by the yunnan nationalities publishing house in 1985 . beside the lisu - english listing this dictionary contains an english - lisu index . australian langs thieberger , n . handbook of western australian aboriginal languages south of the kimberley region . 1993 ; vii + 408pp . ( incl . 6 maps ) . isbn 0 85883 418 9 . aus $ 40 . 50 pacific linguistics , c-124 . this handbook lists material available in and about the aboriginal languages spoken south of kimberley region , western australia . sixty - nine languages are discussed including two post-contact languages , western australian aboriginal english and kriol . each section contains caps showing the approximate traditional locations of the languages concerned . hercus , l . a grammar of the arabana-wangkangurru language , lake eyre basin , south australia . 1994 : xx + 324pp . ( incl . 2 maps , 12 photographs ) . isbn 0 85883 425 1 . aus $ 43 . 80 . pacific linguistics , c-128 . in this volume luise hercus records the grammar of a language that was once spoken to the north and west of lake eure , south australia , and is now all but extinct . arabana and wangkangurru are closely related dialects of one language although the speakers regard them as separate languages . besides the grammar this book contains a number of thexts and photographs of some of the principal informants used in the study . oceania hamel , p . a grammar and lexicon of loniu , papua new guinea . 1994 ; ix + 275pp . ( incl . 1 map ) . isbn 0 85883 410 3 . pacific linguistics , c-103 . this is a grammar and short dictionary of the small austronesian language spoken by 450-500 inhabitants of two villages of two villages on the southern coast of manus island , papua new guinea . the books also contains an english - loniu index and two illustrative texts . ferreirinho , n . selected topics in the grammar of limos kalinga , the the philippines . 1993 : viii + 125pp . ( incl . 1 map ) . isbn 0 85883 4197 . aus $ 34 . 00 pacific linguistics , b-109 . limos kalinga is one of ten dialects of kalinga , a central cordilleran language spoken in the northern part of luzon , the philippines . the study includes a description of word classes , noun phrase and verbal morphology , different types of sentences , topicalisation , and reduplication . it laso includes a sample text . brainard , s . karao phonology , the philippines , 1994 ; vi + 259pp . ( incl . 1 map ) . isbn 0 85883 420 0 . aus $ 30 . 00 pacific linguistics , b-110 . karao is a small southern cordilleran language spoken in northern luzon near baguio and nestled in the midst of some 90 , 000-100 , 000 ibaloi speakers . the language is notable for the amount of variation in the forms of words that speakers accept . the study argues thet theese variations can be explained in termns of moras , the primary organizing unit of phonlogical segments at the word level . basel , linda a . verb morphology of mori , sulawesi , 1994 ; x + 139pp . isbn 085883 421 9 . aus $ 23 . 20 pacific linguistics , b-111 . mori is an austronesian language of central and south sulawesi , indonesia . it is spoken by about 30 , 000 people living in this area and by about another 10 , 000 people living in the urban centres of sulawesi and other indonesian islands . besides containing a detailed description of the verb in mori this study includes a phonological sketch of the language and a sample text .
  """",0
  627,""""Subject: job : slavic linguistics ( forwarded from seelangs )
   
   russian / slavic linguist . assistant professor , tenure-track , contingent on budgetary approval . must have phd in hand , demonstrated teaching ability , commitment to research , and ability to teach slavic linguistics courses at the ma level , russian at all levels , and a second slavic language . preference will be given to those who can help develop a curriculum dealing with the interface between linguistics , literature and culture . please send cv , description of research interests , and names of three references by december 1 , 1994 , to george gutsche , head , department of russian & slavic languages , university of arizona , modern languages 340 , tucson , az 85721 . position available beginning august 1995 . the university of arizona is an eeo / aa / ada compliance employer .
  """",0
  628,""""Subject: search for proposal consultant
   
   i am looking for an individual or a company who can help me prepare a proposal for a software project that i would like to market to private companies . i can be reached by email for further details , but before i hire someone , i will need to see a resume , a track record , and some references . the consultant will need to be experienced in writing proposals for the computer industry . a knowledge of human language translation technology would be a definite plus . phil bralich , ph . d . bralich @ uhccux . uhcc . hawaii . edu philip a . bralich 1555 pohaku street , # a508 honolulu , hi 96817 ( 808 ) 841-1087
  """",0
  629,""""Subject: russian lecturer position at cornell
   
   russian lecturer position position : full - time lecturer in russian , to begin in the fall of 1995 . one to three year appointment with possible renewal . duties : teaching russian language courses at all levels , from elementary through advanced . qualifications : ma in slavic , general , or applied linguistics . an ability to teach advanced grammar courses for language learners . teaching experience in a russian language program at a north american school . evidence of excellent rapport with undergraduate students . professional commitment to language teaching . strong interest in language pedagogy . near - native fluency in russian . command of stylistic and grammatical nuances of english and russian , and an ability to provide linguistic explanations in both languages . salary : minimum starting salary for this position is $ 24 , 250 . please send curriculum vitae to : russian search department of modern languages and linguistics morrill hall , cornell university ithaca , ny 14853-4701 please indicate the names , addresses , and current telephone numbers of three persons who are familiar with your teaching style and teaching experience and may be contacted for references . complete applications will be accepted until a suitable candidate is selected . applications received after june 1 , 1995 will not be considered . cornell university is an affirmative action , equal opportunity employer . wayles browne , assoc . prof . of linguistics dept . of modern languages and linguistics , morrill hall cornell university ithaca , new york 14853 , u . s . a . tel . 607-255 - 0712 , 607-273 - 3009 e-mail ewb2 @ cornell . edu ( earlier : jn5j @ cornella . bitnet / / jn5j @ cornella . cit . cornell . edu )
  """",0
  630,""""Subject: job advert - rf in computational linguistics
   
   ( please forward to any additional interested parties ) university of brighton information technology research institute research fellow - computational linguistics ( fixed term for 3 years ) up to # 19 , 137 per annum this post is concerned with the development of techniques for enhancing the representational structure of large-scale lexicons . the work will involve surveying and collecting existing lexical resources , rapid prototyping of enhancement techniques , testing and evaluation through construction of pilot applications , and refinement of the techniques into usable tools . a phd in computational linguistics or a closely related area , experience of lexical representation and good programming skills , including familiarity with prolog and either pop11 or lisp , are essential . familiarity with the lexical representation language datr , as well as other lexical formalisms , is highly desirable . experience of large-scale lexicon development or acquisition , and of developing tools for language engineering would also be an advantage . ref : it916 for an informal discussion about the post , please telephone dr . roger evans , deputy head of the information technology research institute , ( 01273 ) 642900 , or email roger . evans @ itri . bton . ac . uk . for further details and an application form contact the personnel department , university of brighton , brighton , bn2 4at , or 24 hour answerphone : ( 01273 ) 642849 quoting the appropriate reference number . if you need further information , ring ( 01273 ) 642837 . closing date : 25th november 1994 information about the post and the project may also be found on the itri ftp server ( ftp . itri . bton . ac . uk ) in the following files : pub / itri / posts / it916-seal - advert this message pub / itri / posts / it916-seal - jobdesc job description for the post pub / itri / posts / it916-seal - project project description note , however , that applications should be made on the forms available from the above address .
  """",0
  631,""""Subject: psycholinguistics postdoc
   
   a postdoctoral position in psycholinguistics is available immediately , to join an interdisciplinary lab that is part of the university of southern california 's neural , informational , and behavioral sciences ( nibs ) program . the focus of research is sentence and discourse processing in normal aging and alzheimer 's disease , particularly the role of working memory in these processes . the candidate must hold a ph . d . in psychology , linguistics , or related field , and have expertise in the use of on-line methods in language comprehension . the research is funded by the national institute of aging , with a salary of $ 28 , 000 plus benefits . this is a one-year position with a possible renewal for the subsequent two years of the grant . send a letter of application and a curriculum vitae to : maryellen macdonald hedco neuroscience building university of southern california los angeles , ca 90089-2520 phone : ( 213 ) 740-6181 e-mail : mcm @ gizmo . usc . edu women and minorities are encouraged to apply . usc is an equal opportunity / affirmative action employer .
  """",0
  632,""""Subject: lx as * science * ?
   
   i accept the editors ' recent challenge for resuming last year 's thread ( which i missed , before subscribing ) on whether linguistics is / should be considered a science - - by which i am assuming everyone means newtonian * science * rather than the quantum / relativity science which has been current during this century . [ n1 ] . i will argue 1 ) that while much of our work is * scientific * , much of our work goes beyond the traditional definitions of * science * ; 2 ) that being categorized solely as * science * is to our long-term professional detriment ; 3 ) that we are uniquely positioned to aim higher . academics over the centuries have used various prestige words when desiring to assert their rigor . * scientific * is such a word today , and has been a prestige word since the early 1800 's when it replaced * philosophical * as the term academics use when indicating some ultimate in rigor and truth . and well before that , in seventh-century rome , boethius and others used * logical * as their prestige word . [ n2 ] i ' m confident this is not the sole reason for most linguists ' claim that linguistics is a * science * . but for those few for whom it is : saying it 's * rigorous * is sufficient to describe that side of our work . perhaps instead our discipline is looking for professional prestige and advancement in academe , and aligning politically with * science * is seen as the best strategic move . [ n3 ] is this a reason ? if so , perhaps we can talk together about it out loud rather than it remaining as a professional assumption . but there are other reasons we might consider giving up * science * as a label - - including our unique perversity in cultivating the process of working with meaning . a physicist friend once told me that if physics had to deal with the dimension of meaning ( s ) as well as everything else it deals with , physics could no longer be a science . [ greg derry , personal communication ] . newtonian physics was long held as the model of hard * science * , and all of its principles exclude ( d ) meaning . but so do the principles of 20th - century physics . is any linguist ready to give up meaning ( including the systemic meaning of structure ) in order to be * scientific * ? is linguistics not at least as much art as science ? can anyone provide me a good reason for categorizing linguistics as science in the context of these remarks ? is n't there something more inclusive we can aim toward ? but where 's our model in the social / soft sciences ? actually , linguistics is the best potential candidate for such a new , meaning-full model of science . other disciplines have been watching us for decades . after all , we train in our methodologies for a very delicate balancing act in consciousness between form and meaning ( i . e . , when doing historical work , we compare forms even from other languages , but we can't stop with that - - we must also be aware whether they have changed semantic categories , etc . ) . this is what some in other disciplines would call a systems approach , which goes beyond modern structuralism [ n4 ] . like the complementarity principle in physics , form and meaning in linguistics are complementary ( not polar ) opposites , both necessary for the total system to work properly . alas , our own theories are another matter . because of the terminological shackles of a meaning-less * science * that some would place on our discipline , we continue to use the dead metaphors of that meaning-less * science * in our attempts at meaning-full theory building . [ n5 ] notice how we have historically treated those who urged us to move our theories to the level of our methodology - - to the level of systems thinking : which describes a world of uncertainties and mutual interdependencies rather than mono-certain anything ; or chaotic ' attractors ' pulling events toward them into material manifestation [ n6 ] , instead of one thing directly causing another . whorf took one step , in transforming einstein 's relativity principle from the more limited geometry focus to the larger focus of human language in general , which he called the linguistic relativity principle . [ n7 ] that physics has in this century been dealing with deep linguistic questions has unfortunately been lost on most linguists . and the deeper mergers of language and philosophy have been ignored for universalist perspectives in the latter half of this century [ n8 ] . and linguistics departments are closing as the rest of academe ruthlessly renders its own self-serving judgement : linguistics is becoming irrelevant , a """""""" pseudo-science """""""" , in the late 20th - century . please understand : i am in no way against the * scientific * mode of linguistics - - it is uniquely appropriate to studying form . it is not , however , appropriate to studying meaning , for obvious reasons . the answer is not to let the part overwhelm the whole such that our entire discipline becomes * scientific * , but to accept the challenge and develop theories and principles of a meaning-full science that other disciplines will so admire that in the 21st century they will start claiming to be * linguistic * as a way of claiming ultimate rigor in their search for truth . * * * * notes : [ n1 ] i assume this because of the way all the social sciences treated whorf , who was attempting to tell them that the very definition of * science * / science was changing underneath their certainties . if it were otherwise , we would n't need this discussion . [ n2 ] dineen on boethius : """""""" logic became the prestige study of the day , the medieval 's most precise and respected intellectual tool . it held the same position in the intellectual world then that science holds now : serious study today must be 's cientific ' - - then it had to be ' logical ' """""""" . [ n3 ] however , as one christian de quincy wrote recently , """""""" [ m ] ost scientists do not recognize the limits of science , nor do they want to . there is a power given to the society that supports science . if one were to take the power and possession [ of science ] away from the corporations and politicians , what would be the standing of science in society ? """""""" [ n4 ] . . . and what some consciousness anthropologists would call a 's hamanic stance ' , balancing with a foot in both worlds . eastern philosophers would probably talk about the interpenetration of yin and yang within the tao , as david bohm found out in his dialogues with j . krishnamurti . [ n5 ] including such pre - relativity / quantum * scientific * vocabulary as ' cause ' and 'd etermine ' ( especially when linked , as in monocausal determinism ! ) . we even try to project these dead * metaphors onto people using systems thinking ( e . g . , sapir , whorf , pike , lamb ) . [ n6 ] per current chaos theory in mathematics , for those who like to use mathematics in their linguistics theories . [ n7 ] einstein also had the larger language issues in mind , which he talked about in a 1941 radio speech ( """""""" what is it that brings about such an ultimate connection between language and thinking ? . . . the mental development of the individual and his way of forming concepts depend to a high degree upon language . this makes us realize to what extent the same language means the same mentality . """""""" ) . [ n8 ] there is so much more that needs to be done in interesting areas such as how reason and logic and philosophy grow out of the grammars of languages . most are not aware , for instance , that the word ' karma ' - - long before it was a term of eastern philosophy denoting the process of what goes around comes around with emphasis on the ' comes around ' experiential phenomena - - was a term within the system of sanskrit linguistics meaning 'd irect object of verb ' [ james ryan , sanskrit & philosophy scholar , personal communication then presentation at society for the anthropology of consciousness , 1992 ] . what might a well-articulated philosophy of animacy from native american languages look like ? - - moonhawk ( % - > ) < """""""" the fool on the hill sees the sun going down and > < the eyes in his head see the world spinning round """""""" > < - - john lennon >
  """",0
  633,""""Subject: aaas ' 95
   
   as the february 17-21 , 1995 meeting of the aaas in atlanta approaches i thought it would be good to send a reminder to readers of linguist that they can become either a regular member and receive science or a supporting member . the application for the latter is below . in another message i will send the application for regular membership . as mentioned in earlier listings , it is very important that section z on linguistics and the language sciences reach its quota of 500 members . we still have a way to go . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = american association for the m e m b e r s h i p advancement of science a p p l i c a t i o n i want to become a supporting member of aaas . i understand that this class of membership does not entitle me to receive science . but i want to support scienc activities and eduction , public understanding of science , and scientific freedom and responsibility . enroll me as a supporting member with my primary affiliation in section z , linguistics and the language sciences . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ / / supporting member - $ 35 . 00 address for science _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ payment method state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip code / / check enclosed / / bill me later ( regular only ) primary affiliation : charge my / / visa / / mastercard section z - linguistics and the language sciences credit card # : check this box / / expiration date _ _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _ _ _ signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fast fax your order to : 202 842 1065 prices valid until 12 / 31 / 94 . internation and canadian rates are higher and available upon request . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
  """",0
  634,""""Subject: coswl survey
   
   linguistic graduate students and faculty , as part of an ongoing study on graduate , postdoctoral , and junior faculty women in linguistics , the committee on the status of women in linguistics ( coswl ) has developed two questionnaires for distribution to linguistic departments across the country . in order for the survey to be successful , we need to find student representatives who are willing to oversee the distribution and uptake of these questionnaires at their own universities . the """""""" coswl graduate student representative """""""" would be responsible for : ( 1 ) distributing an institutional questionnaire to departmental administrators , and ( 2 ) distributing a more personally oriented questionnaire to graduate students , postdocs , and junior faculty . we urge you all to get involved in this very worthwhile enterprise . if you are a faculty member , we would be grateful if you could find a graduate student to act as the coswl representative for your department . we plan to send out the questionnaire materials on november 15th , so we need to hear from interested students immediately . we are in the initial stages of what we hope will become an on-going , long-term project on the status of women in linguistics , so your participation is crucial ! if you would like to be the coswl graduate student representative for your university , please send your school address , favored mailing address , phone number , and e-mail address to khall @ garnet . berkeley . edu . thank you , kira hall department of linguistics uc berkeley
  """",0
  635,""""Subject: ucla tesl & applied linguistics gopher
   
   tesl & applied linguistics gopher the department of tesl and applied linguistics is proud to announce the establishment of a gopher directory on the ucla gopher server , with the assistance of humanities computing and especially wayne miller . this gopher server currently holds departmental information , and is meant to inform both the campus , the department and the world beyond ucla of our activities and academic resources , as well as policies , guidelines and associated programs . by logging in to the gopher , you can find the following directories and information : - - an introduction to the department of tesl and applied linguistics - - a directory of announcements , including ta guidelines talsa student policies student representation - - a directory of associated programs , including english as a second language ( soon to be its own directory ) language , interaction and culture group ( soon to be its own directory ) language resource program ( in time to be its own directory ) south and south east asian language program quechua ( soon to link with latin american studies ? ) - - a course guide directory , including winter 1995 schedule tesl & al courses ( eventually to hold sample syllabi and course desc . ) courses from other departments relevant to idp participants , ( a list compiled by current idp students ) - - a directory of the faculty , including an address list and cv / profile of each faculty member , including recent publications and research interests - - a directory for ial , the student journal - - program information for the interdepartmental program in applied linguistics , academic requirements recent student research ( a list of qps filed by idp students ) application requirements , including a link to grad . division gopher for application information and on-line application soon to have links to departmental gophers for linguistics , anthropology , sociology , psychology , graduate school of education , etc . when these gophers become available - - program information for the ma in tesl , similarly structured . this gopher can be expanded and updated easily . those wishing to add relevant directories , announcements , etc . should see me or e-mail me at ihw1lrm @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu . to get to the gopher , enter the orion information database . select """""""" infoucla """""""" and then select """""""" gopher """""""" ( # 7 ) . select the directory titled """""""" ucla gopher server """""""" . again , select the directory titled """""""" ucla gopher servers """""""" . next select the directory titled """""""" humanities computing """""""" ( note - - this is temporary ; my understanding is that it will be titled humanities departments ) . select the directory titled """""""" humnet departments and ucla resources """""""" . finally , select the directory for tesl and applied linguistics . i am working with humanities computing to establish entries in this level of the gopher for both esl and ssealp , as these two associated programs are not always associated with tesl / applied linguistics to the outside world , and i would like to maximize accessibility . your feedback is highly valued . this first gopher is a work in progress , and all suggestions for its improvement will be considered and acted upon . i would like to take an opportunity to thank wayne miller and karie masterson at hcf for working to get this up and running , and to george for his ideas for the world wide web ( which will be the next project ! ) happy tunneling ! lyn
  """",0
  636,""""Subject: conf : clin ' 94 final program
   
   clin-94 final program clin-94 fifth computational linguistics in the netherlands meeting wednesday , november 23 , 1994 university of twente the fifth clin meeting will be hosted by the parlevink linguistic engineering group of the university of twente in enschede . at clin meetings , computational linguistics researchers in ( or from ) the netherlands gather and present their ( possibly ongoing ) research . every year a well-known speaker is invited . this year , we invited annie zaenen , affiliated with rank xerox research centre in meylan , france to be this year 's keynote speaker . she will talk about ` language technology and multilingualism ' . there will be twenty-three talks and three parallel sessions . all sessions will take place in """""""" de vrijhof """""""" at the campus . the participation fee is dfl 50 . the fee includes a lunch buffet , coffee and tea during the breaks and an informal reception . payment will be made only on-site . the proceedings of the clin ' 93 meeting will be available at this year 's meeting . they can also be found via www at url : http : / / tyr . let . rug . nl / ~ vannoord / clin / clin4 / clin4 . html it is our intention that a volume of proceedings of clin ' 94 will be produced in due time . a dvi file with the abstracts , however , can already be found at url : http : / / hydra . cs . utwente . nl / ~ andernac / clinabstracts . dvi this information and more is also available via www either directly via url : http : / / hydra . cs . utwente . nl / parlevink / clinprogram . html or via the clin home page with url : http : / / tyr . let . rug . nl / ~ vannoord / clin / clin . html program 10 . 30 arrival , subscription , coffee 11 . 00 annie zaenen ( rank xerox research centre , meylan , france ) language technology and multilingualism session 1 11 . 45 marc de boer , colin tattersall & jacob groote ( ptt research , groningen ) comparing business activities based on case grammar representation 12 . 15 bas van bakel ( kun , nijmegen ) elsa 's choice : handling syntactic ambiguity in nlp systems 12 . 45 lunch 14 . 00 leen kievit ( itk , tilburg ) representing structural ambiguity 14 . 30 johan bos ( computerlinguistik , universitaet des saarlandes , germany ) underspecified predicate logics 15 . 00 richard f . e . sutcliffe , piek vossen , peter hellwig & the sift team ( university of limerick , ireland ) the tractable representation of utterance meanings for information retrieval 15 . 30 coffee break 16 . 00 jan schaake & geert - jan m . kruijff ( ut , enschede ) information states based analysis of dialogues 16 . 30 rene ahn , leen kievit , gerrit rentier & margriet verlinden ( itk , tilburg ) dialogue - management & knowledge acquisition 17 . 00 geert - jan m . kruijff & jan schaake ( ut , enschede ) discerning relevant information in discourses using tfa session 2 11 . 45 walter daelemans ( itk , tilburg ) linguistics as data mining 12 . 15 annius v . groenink ( cwi , amsterdam ) mechanisms for movement 12 . 45 lunch 14 . 00 erik aarts ( ots , utrecht ) parsing and memoing in prolog 14 . 30 danny kersten & gerrit van der hoeven ( ut , enschede ) valency in casting systems 15 . 00 mettina veenstra ( rug , groningen ) a head-corner parser for the minimalist program 15 . 30 coffee break 16 . 00 koen versmissen ( ots , utrecht ) a bottom-up categorial approach to discontinuity 16 . 30 herbert ruessink ( stichting taaltechnologie , utrecht ) an extended notation for phrase-structure rules in alep 17 . 00 erik oltmans ( kun , nijmegen ) amazon in agfl . a contextfree phrase structure grammar for the structural module of the amazon / casus - system , described in the agfl - formalism session 3 11 . 45 kees van deemter ( ipo , eindhoven ) contrastive stress , contrariety and focus 12 . 15 arthur dirksen ( ipo , eindhoven ) phonological and phonetic coarticulation : the use of a metrical tree in speech synthesis 12 . 45 lunch 14 . 00 erik tjong kim sang ( rug , groningen ) applying simple recurrent networks to discovering the phonotactical knowledge of dutch 14 . 30 jan odijk ( ipo , eindhoven ) text generation without planning 15 . 00 mark van der kraan ( ruu , utrecht ) strictly compositional translation 15 . 30 coffee break 16 . 00 leen torenvliet & mart trautwein ( uva , amsterdam ) complexity of restricted attribute-value grammars 16 . 30 mart trautwein ( uva , amsterdam ) the complexity of structure sharing how to reach the campus ? > from schiphol airport , direct trains to hengelo / enschede leave every hour during daytime . in addition , trains with destination groningen / leeuwarden may also be taken ; for these , a connection train to hengelo / enschede waits in amersfoort at the other side of the same platform . in all cases , the travelling time is approximately two hours and a half . if you arrive by train , you should leave the train in hengelo , rather than in enschede ; this will shorten your trip with 10 minutes . a cheap taxi ticket ( called ` treintaxi ' ) can be bought at hengelo railway station upon arrival by showing the train ticket . the fare is fixed ( dfl 6 per person ) for every destination in the neighbourhood , but usually the taxi is to be shared with others . you could also take a bus from hengelo station to the campus ( no . 15 or 51 ) . bus no . 15 has a stop near the vrijhof building . bus no . 51 stops at the campus entrance ; it takes a 10 minutes walk from there to the vrijhof . by car , take direction enschede and in enschede follow ` universiteit ' . accommodation the nearest hotel is the drienerburght hotel at the campus of the university of twente , near the conference site ( less than 50 metres ) . the hotel phone number is + 31 53 331366 and the fax number is + 31 53 356770 . please let us know if you would like us to make a reservation for you . looking forward to seeing you all in enschede , the local organizers , anton nijholt toine anderhach
  """",0
  637,""""Subject: conf : speech and language engineering
   
   twente workshop on language technology 8 ( twlt8 ) speech and language engineering location : university of twente enschede , the netherlands december 1 and 2 , 1994 workshop organized under auspices of the dutch nwo priority programme on speech and language , the special interest group on parsing technologies ( sigparse ) of the association of computational linguistics ( acl ) and the centre of telematics and information technology ( ctit ) of the university of twente . * * * * * * * * program * * * * * * * * registration from 10 . 00-10 . 55 lectures start at 10 . 55 ( order shown is not necessarily the order of presentations ) speech and language integration . loe boves , university of nijmegen , the netherlands the wallstreet journal task : unlimited vocabular , speaker independent , article dictation . christian dugast , philips , aachen , germany analysis of the dutch polyphone corpus . paul van alphen , ptt research , the netherlands spontaneous speech phenomena in naive - user interactions . paolo baggia , e . gerbino , e . giachin , & c . rullent cselt , torino , italy the potential role of prosody in automatic speech recognition . louis ten bosch , ipo , eindhoven , the netherlands assessment of speech recognition systems . h . j . m . steeneken , tno human factors research soesterberg , the netherlands the role of prosody in human speech recognition . james m . mcqueen , mpi , nijmegen , the netherlands lectures start at 0 . 900 ( order shown is not necessarily the order of presentations ) prediction and disambiguation by means of data - oriented parsing . rens bod and remko scha university of amsterdam , the netherlands the speech - language interface in the spoken language translator . david carter & manny rayner , sri international cambridge , u . k . generation of spoken monologues . k . v . deemter , j . landsbergen , r . leermakers & j . odijk , ipo , eindhoven , the netherlands simple speech recognition with little linguistic creatures . marc drossaers , university of twente enschede , the netherlands word agent based natural language processing . hermann helbig & andreas mertens fernuniversitdt hagen , germany schisma : a natural language accessible theatre information and booking system . g . f . van der hoeven et al . , university of twente enschede , the netherlands phoneme - level speech and natural language integration for agglutinative languages . geunbae lee et al . , pohang university hyoja - dong , pohang , korea on the intersection of finite state automata and definite clause grammars . gertjan van noord , alfa - informatica rug groningen , the netherlands an efficient head and left corner parser in its environment . g . veldhuijzen van zanten & r . op den akker university of twente , enschede , the netherlands time - synchronous chart parsing of speech integrating unification grammars with statistics . location the workshop will be held in the vrijhof building of the university of twente , enschede , the netherlands . more information will be obtained after registration . registration regular registration fee is dfl . 150 , . students pay dfl . 50 , . this includes lunches , refreshments , proceedings and an informal reception . payment should be done on site . yes , i registrate for twlt8 : speech& language engineering on december 1 and 2 , 1994 ; regular registration fee dfl . 150 , - ; student fee dfl . 50 , . payment can be done on site . name address : < use as many lines you need > student : yes no help with hotel accommodation : yes no for more information contact the organizing secretariat : bijron @ cs . utwente . nl or hoogvlie @ cs . utwente . nl . the secretariat provides also information about hotel accommodation and can make reservations .
  """",0
  638,""""Subject: conference announcement
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * first announcement * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * groningen assembly on language acquisition 1995 university of groningen the netherlands 7 - 9 september 1995 the conference aims to bring together researchers willing to discuss the merits and constraints of different theoretical approaches to language acquisition , in particular generative linguistics , constructionism , dynamic systems modelling , and connectionism . invited speakers harald clahsen university of essex annette karmiloff - smith mrc cog dev unit london kim plunkett university of oxford luigi rizzi university of geneva paul van geert university of groningen a first call for papers and conference preregistration will appear in february 1995 . the abstracts-deadline will be april 30 , 1995 . abstracts may cover all aspects of language acquisition rela - ting to the core areas of linguistics , including phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics and the interfaces . selection of abstracts will be based on not only their quality but also their potential to contribute to the conference 's interactive objective . for further information : charlotte koster , frank wijnen gala 1995 coordinators university of groningen , dutch dept . postbus 716 9700 as groningen , the netherlands e-mail : gala95 @ let . rug . nl fax : + 31 50 634900 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  639,""""Subject: ii jornadas de linguistica aborigen
   
   ii jornadas de linguistica aborigen buenos aires , argentina 15-18 de noviembre de 1994 facultad de filosofia y letras instituto de linguistica comision organizadora ana gerzenstein ana fernandez garay lucia golluscio pedro viegas barros yolanda gutierrez secretaria : susana b . andreotta programa de actividades academicas pre-jornadas seminario de doctorado . dr . christos clairis . """""""" sintaxis funcional con aplicacion a las lenguas indoamericanas """""""" curso . dr . rodolfo cerron palomino . """""""" politicas linguisticas """""""" programa de actividades de las jornadas 1a . jornada . martes 15 de noviembre acreditacion y apertura trabajo en comisiones comision 1 . linguistica descriptiva . censabella , marisa . primeras conclusiones acerca de la dinamica del sistema fonologico de la lengua toba garcia-medall , joaquin . transitivizacion prefijal en guarani gualdieri , beatriz . acerca de la vibrante en mocovi ( guaycuru ) martinez webster , m . ethel . los sustantivos """""""" construidos """""""" en la lengua miskitu comision 2 . linguistica historico-comparativa y dialectologia . aguiar , maria sueli de . classificacao das linguas pano guzman betancourt , ignacio . para una historia de la nocion de dialecto referida a las lenguas amerindias porto cavalcante , marita y luiz mauricio rios . estudo fonologico contrastivo : xavante x xerente veloso borges , m nica . diferencas entre a fala feminina e a masculina na lingua karaja comision 3 . educacion bilingue e intercultural . gonzalez perez , benjamin . lineamientos de una propuesta para una educacion bilingue en mexico messineo , cristina . cartillas de alfabetizacion y libros de lectura . descontextualizacion y recontextualizacion de los discursos toba pires , nadia nascimento . a educacao na lingua djeoromitxi ( jabuti ) yapita , juan de dios . bilingue o liwinki ? problemas de traduccion aymara-castellano en los materiales de ensenanza de educacion bilingue e intercultural 2a . jornada . miercoles 16 de noviembre trabajo en comisiones ( continuacion ) comision 4 . politicas linguisticas . drumond mendes barros , maria c . uma modalidade de pergunta missionaria mercado lobos , estela h . replanteo del estudiodel huarpe , lengua amerindia sudamericana desaparecida en los siglos xvii-xviii quiroga salcedo , cesar e . presupuestos para elestudio linguistico del huarpe diaz-fernandez , antonio e . la antroponimia aborigen oficial de la provincia del chubut comision 5 . lenguas en contacto . alvarez-santullano busch , pilar y constantino contreras . el castellano hablado por huilliches . fernandez lavaque , ana m . dos quechuismos morfosintacticos en extincion en el espanol del area de salta ( noroeste argetino ) ibanez caselli , maria a . sobre los usos de la lengua madre en una situacion de bilinguismo . el caso del toba en el barrio las malvinas , la plata wright , pablo . cosmologia , ritual y cambio decodigo . una experiencia toba comision 6 . analisis de textos . arnold , denise y . las canciones a los animales por las mujeres del altiplano boliviano : tecnicas dememoria en una tradicion oral balmayor , emilce . textualidad vs . sucesion en el cuento ranquel bentes , anna christina y nadia nascimento pires . analise de textos mitologicos em djeoromitxi golluscio , lucia y claudia briones . discurso y metadiscurso como procesos de produccion cultural mesa redonda muerte de lenguas . panelistas : dres . willem adelaar , christos clairis y ana fernandez garay . moderadora : dra . ana gerzenstein trabajo en comisiones ( continuacion ) comision 1a . linguistica descriptiva . bigot , margot . lexemas verbales de la lengua qom ( toba ) : expresion del espacio fernandez garay , ana v . la posesion en tehuelche . liuzzi , silvio m . la oclusion glotal inicial . algunos casos en avan ' serafini , mirta h . y lidia n . bruno . relaciones estructurales lexicas en verbos denominales y deadjetivales mapuches comision 2a . linguistica historica-comparativa y dialectologia . armatto de welti , zulema ines . analisiscontrastivos de los morfemos pararradicales : marcascircunfijos postfijos del guarani yopara y del goyano diaz de martinez , lucinda del c . sentido religioso en antroponimos de humahuaca en el siglo xviii nunes , jose h . el concepto de letra y las reglas ortograficas en el """""""" arte """""""" de jose de anchieta viegas barros , j . pedro . la reconstruccion de los personales en proto-chon comision 5a . lenguas en contacto . de granda , german . dos procesos paralelos de modificacion distribucional por contacto en el noroeste y nordeste argentinos . las construcciones verbales causativas martorell de laconi , susana . fenomenos sintacticos en el espanol del n . o . a . posibles interferencias del quichua colonial pereira , maria c . um estudo linguistico da interfer nca lexical e fonologica na fala dos guias turisticos em foz de iguacu postigo de de bedia , ana m . y lucinda del c . diaz de martinez . el incierto destino del bilinguismo quechua-espanol en jujuy conferencia plenaria dr . wiliem f . h . adelaar : """""""" raices linguisticas del quechua de santiago del estero """""""" . 3a . jornada . jueves 17 de noviembre . trabajo en comisiones ( continuacion ) comision 1b . linguistica descriptiva . damaso vieira , marcia . a derivacao da incorporacao nominal em tupinamba ( tupi - guarani ) dorigo , carmen t . marcas aspecto-temporais na lingua matses ( pano ) gerzenstein , ana . lengua maka . el sistema tiempo , aspecto , modo martin , eusebia h . aspectos fonologicos de la lengua chimane comision 5b . lenguas en contacto . grosser lerner , eva . acerca de la traducibilidad de las lenguas indigenas postigo de de bedia , ana m . la enunciacion negativa en bilingues de quechua y espanol unamuno , virginia . hacia una descripcion del proceso de sustitucion linguistica en un barrio marginal del gran buenos aires zigaran , julia . lenguas en contacto : espanol-lenguas aborigenes en la provincia de salta comision 6a . analisis de textos . clemente de souza , tania c . enunciacao e oralidade : um estudo em textos bakairi ( carib ) kuramochi , yosuke y maria e . merino dickinson . proposicion teorico-metodologica para la traduccion de manifestaciones verbales indigenas : el caso del mapudungun merino dickinson , maria e . . calidad e intencion de la palabra en dos textos orales mapuches perez rasetti , carlos . sintaxis narrativa y nocion de historia en relatos de origen tehuelche meridional conferencia plenaria dr . rodolfo cerron palomino . """""""" tendencias actuales de la linguistica andina """""""" . trabajo en comisiones ( continuacion ) comision 1c . linguistica descriptiva . braunstein , jose . una hipotesis sobre un pidgin chaqueno guimaraes romankevicius costa , raquel . manifestacoes da ergatividade em marubo ( pano ) juliao , maria r . s . as classes de palavras emanambe orellana m . de quineche , amanda . toponimia de la provincia de juli ( puno - peru ) . analisis morfologico comision 5c . lenguas en contacto . bravo , domingo a . penetracion guarani en la linguistica santiaguena martinez , angelita . variacion linguistica y etnopragmatica : dos caminos paralelos perez saez , vicente y fanny perez saez . mapa etnolinguistico de la republica argentina . informe ruminawi . rasgos quechuizantes en el espanol del n . o . a : el pronombre enfatico / """""""" que """""""" comision 7 . lexicografia bilingue . fernandez , maria del r . y rodolfo r . hachen . de las categorias lexicas al universo simbolico stroppa , maria cecilia . el guarani goyano y la necesidad de un diccionario adecuado mesa redonda """""""" educacion bilingue e intercultural """""""" . panelistas : profs . cesar fernandez , benjamin gonzalez perez , cristina messineo y lic . pablo wright . moderadora : dra . lucia a . golluscio 4a . jornada . viernes 18 de noviembre . trabajo en comisiones ( continuacion ) comision 1d . linguistica descriptiva . corbera mori , angel . a queda de vogais noaguaruna ( jivaro ) faco soares , marilia . ritmo e tom em tikuna guerra , ana maria . sintematica yagan comision 3a . educacion bilingue e intercultural . acuna , leonor y andrea menegotto . dativos sin """""""" a """""""" y verbos pronominales sin """""""" se """""""" en el espanol de areamapuche araujo , leopoldina m . educacao diferenciada , fundamento da cidadania na amaz nia currulef , cesar a . y elena n . pizzio . anteproyecto de escuela de educacion bilingue . konumpan / ( """""""" traerlo a la memoria """""""" ) malvestiti , marisa . lengua y cultura mapuche en rio negro . conceptualizacion desde el sistema educativo conferencia plenaria dra . yolanda lastra : """""""" avances en la investigacion sobre lenguas indigenas en mexico en los ultimos diez anos """""""" . """""""" musica e identidad : los rituales religiosos de los mbya ( guaranies ) de la argentina """""""" . conferencia a cargo de la etnomusicologa lic . irma ruiz , con ilustraciones musicales cine antropologico ( videos ) panel de clausura 18 : 00 balance y perspectivas de la linguistica aborigen . propuestas para la creacion de una sociedad que reuna a los estudiosos de este campo . panelistas : pilar alvarez santullano , margot bigot , lidia bruno , tania clemente de souza , yolanda lastra , cesar quiroga salcedo , amanda orellana de quineche , juan de dios yapita . moderador : lic . pedro viegas barros informes e inscripcion instituto de linguistica - facultad de filosofia y letras universidad de buenos aires 25 de mayo 221 , 1o . piso ( 1002 ) buenos aires argentina telefono : 54-343 - 1196 , 342-5922 , 334-7512 fax : ( 54 ) ( 1 ) 343-2733 lunes a viernes de 10 a 19 hs . nomina de expositores por paises 1 . argentina 1a . capital federal y gran buenos aires acuna , leonor . arcos 1524 , 1426 capital federal . balmayor , emilce . gral . martinez 1457 , 1426 capital federal briones , claudia . rivadavia 5141 ( 13 """""""" d """""""" ) , 1424 capital federal . fernandez garay , ana v . peru 1 . 098 ( 4 """""""" g """""""" ) , 1068 capital federal gerzenstein , ana . laprida 1 . 224 ( 11 """""""" a """""""" ) , 1425 capital federal . golluscio , lucia . diaz velez 285 , ( depto . 43 ) , 1870 avellaneda . martin , eusebia h . mendiondo 1347 , 1830 luis guillon . martinez , angelita . esmeralda 1038 ( 1er . p ) , 1007 capital federal . messineo , cristina . cochrane 3151 , 1419 capital federal . unamuno , virginia . franciso beiro 1175 , 1602 florida . viegas barros , j . pedro . balbastro 3392 , 1754 san justo . wright , pablo . carlos casares 1357 , 1644 victoria . 1 . b . interior buenos aires ibanez caselli , maria a . calle 10 , no 1206 , 1900 la plata . menegotto , andrea , boulevard maritimo 3155 ( 5to . """""""" 19 """""""" ) , 5600 mar del plata . cordoba martinez webster , maria e . san martin 141 , 5900 villa maria . ruminawi . 27 de abril 849 ( p . b . """""""" d """""""" ) , 5000 cordoba . chubut diaz - fernandez , antonio e . casilla 61 , 9200 esquel . formosa braunstein , jose . casilla 14 , 3630 las lomitas . jujuy diaz de martinez , lucinda del c . otero 262 , 4600 san salvador de jujuy . postigo de de bedia , ana m . otero 262 , 4600 san salvador de jujuy . neuquen bruno , lidia n . salvatori 50 , mod . d2 , pb """""""" b """""""" , 8300 - neuquen . fernandez , cesar . san martin 1474 , 8324 - cipolletti . serafini , mirta h . los gladiolos 546 , 8300 - neuquen . rio negro currulef , cesar a . juana borna 1656 , 8500 viedma . malvestiti , marisa . casilla de correo 6 , 8418 ing . jacobacci . pizzio , elena n . gobernador castello 178 , 8500 viedma . salta fernandez lavaque , ana m . gral . juan c . sanchez 743 , ciudad del milagro , 4400 salta . martorell de laconi , susana . santiago del estero 556 , 4400 salta . perez saez , fanny . hipolito irigoyen 63 , 4400 salta . perez saez , vicente . hipolito irigoyen 63 , 4400 salta . zigaran , julia . santiago del estero 354 , 4400 salta . san juan mercado lobos , estela h . instituto de investigaciones linguisticas y filologicas , universidad nacional de san juan , avda . jose i . de la roza 235 ( oeste ) , 5400 san juan . quiroga salcedo , cesar e . instituto de investigaciones linguisticas y filologicas , universidad nacional de san juan , avda . jose i . de la roza 235 ( oeste ) , 5400 san juan . santa cruz perez rasetti , carlos . lisandro de la torre 860 , 9400 riogallegos . santa fe armatto de welti , zulema i . mendoza 1349 ( 7 """""""" a """""""" ) , 2000 rosario . bigot , margot . avda libertad 336 ( piso 9 ) , 2000 rosario . censabella , marisa . san martin 507 ( 7 , """""""" 7 """""""" ) , 2000 rosario . fernandez , maria del r . lisandro de la torre 757 , 2152 granadero baigorria . hachen , rodolfo r . lisandro de la torre 757 , 2152 granadero baigorria . stroppa , maria c . 3 de febrero 3653 , 2000 rosario . santiago del estero bravo , domingo . san carlos 176 , 4300 la banda . 2 . exterior bolivia yapita , juan de dios . ilca , casilla 2681 , la paz . arnold , denise y . ilca , casilla 2681 , la paz . brasil aguiar , maria sueli de . rua republica do libano , 2311 ap . 402 , setor oeste , goi nia , goias . araujo , leopoldina m . avda . gov . jose malcher 2020-1501 , 66060-230 belem , para . bentes , anna ch . avda . bernardo sayao s / no . , belem , para . clemente de souza , tania c . rua lara vilela 126 , sao domingos , niteroi , 24210 - rio de janeiro . corbera mori , angel . rua luiz vicentim 302 , barao geraldo , 13084-600 campinas , sao paulo . damaso vieira , marcia . quinta da boa vista , sao cristovao , 20940-040 rio de janeiro . dorigo , carmen t . quinta da boa vista , sao cristovao , 20940-040 rio de janeiro . drumond mendes barros , maria c . rua barao de triunfo 3111 , casa 6 , 66093-050 marco - belem - para . faco soares , marilia . quinta da boa vista , sao cristovao , 20940-040 rio de janeiro . gualdieri , c . beatriz . rua angelo vicentim 117 , fundos , barao geraldo , 13084-230 campinas , sao paulo . guimaraes romankevicius costa , r . quinta da boa vista , saocristovao , 20940-040 rio de janeiro . juliao , maria r . s . rua itupiranga 56 , 66600-330 , belem , para . nunes , jose h . rua francisco pereira coutinho 151 , ap . 62 a , 13088-100 campinas , sao paulo . pereira , maria c . jose vicente r . correa , foz do iguacu , parana . pires , nadia n . museu paraense emilio goeldi , av . magalhaes barata , 66040 belem , para . p rto cavalcante , marita . rua 17 - a , 646 , apto . 102 - s . aerop . , 74070100 , goi nia , goias . rios , luiz m . rua 17 - a , 646 , apto . 102 - s . aerop . 74070100 , goi nia , goias . veloso borges , m nica . rua 15 , 56v . pai eterno , 75380000 , trindade , goias . chile alvarez - santullano busch , pilar . depto . de humanidades y arte , universidad de los lagos , casilla 933 , osorno . contreras , constantino . universidad de la frontera , casilla54 - d , temuco . guerra , ana m . etchevers 571 ( depto . 40 """""""" b """""""" ) , vina del mar . kuramochi , yosuke . avda . alemania 0422 , cp 15 - d , temuco . merino dickinson , maria e . avda . alemania 0422 , cp 15 - d , temuco . espana de granda , german . facultad de filosofia y letras , universidad de valladolid , 47002 valladolid . garcia medall , joaquin . c / de las angustias , 11 , p . 7 , cp 47003 vallodolid . francia clairis , christos , 5 rue vercingetorix , 75014 paris . liuzzi , silvio m . 44 , rue de l ' amiral mouchez , 75014 paris . holanda adelaar , willem f . h . vakgroep vtw , pb 9515 , 2300 leiden - nl . mexico gonzalez perez , benjamin . museo nacional de antropologia , paseo de la reforma y gandhi , 11560 mexico df . grosser lerner , eva . museo nacional de antropologia , paseo de la reforma y gandhi , 11560 mexico df . guzman betancourt , ignacio . museo nacional de antropologia , paseo de la reforma y gandhi , 11560 mexico df . lastra , yolanda . instituto de investigaciones antropologicas , unam , c . u . , delegacion coyoacan , 04510 mexico df . peru cerron palomino , rodolfo . universidad nacional mayor de san marcos , a . p . no . 210035 , lima 21 . orellana m . de quineche , amanda . universidad ricardo palma , apartado postal 14-0316 , lima . nomina de lenguas objeto de estudio aguaruna ( peru : fam . jivaro ) aimara ( peru , bolivia , chile , argentina ; fam . aimara ) allentiac : vease huarpe anambe ( brasil ; fam . tupi - guarani ) aonek ' enk : vease tehuelche araucano : vease mapudungun avane ' : vease guarani aymara : vease aimara bakairi ( fam . caribe ) chimane ( bolivia ; fam . moseten ) djeoromitxi ( brasil ; fam . yabuti ) guarani ( paraguay , argentina , uruguay : fam . tupi - guarani ) guarani goyano : vease guarani huarpe ( argentina ; fam . huarpe ) huilliche : vease mapudungun karaya ( brasil ; fam . karaya ) maka ( paraguay ; fam . mataguayo ) mapuche : vease mapudungun mapudungun ( chile , argentina ; fam . mapudungun ) mapuzungun : vease mapudungun marubo ( brasil : fam . pano ) matses ( brasil : fam . pano ) millcayac : vease huarpe miskitu ( nicaragua , honduras ; fam . misumalpa ) mocovi ( argentina ; fam . guaicuru ) ona : vease selknam pano , familia ( peru , brasil , bolivia ) parkat j ( brasil ; fam . ye ) qom : vease toba quechua ( peru , bolivia , argentina , ecuador , colombia ; fam . quechua ) : quichua : vease quechua ranquel : vease mapudungun selknam ( argentina , chile ; fam . chon ) tehuelche ( argentina , chile ; fam . chon ) tehuelche meridional : vease tehuelche tikuna ( brasil , colombia , peru ; fam . tikuna ) timbira : vease parkat j toba ( argentina , paraguay , bolivia ; fam . guaicuru ) tupi ( brasil : fam . tupi - guarani ) tupinamba : vease tupi xavante ( brasil ; fam . ye ) xerente ( brasil ; fam . ye ) yagan ( chile , argentina ; fam . yagan ) yamana : vease yagan yopara : vease guarani ultimas publicaciones del instituto de linguistica facultad de filosofia y letras universidad de buenos aires actas . primeras jornadas de linguistica aborigen . 6 y 7 de octubre de 1992 . 1993 . ed . a cargo de j . pedro viegas barros lengua maka . estudio descriptivo . 1994 . por : ana gerzenstein . coleccion : """""""" nuestra america """""""" , no . 1 signo & sena . revista del instituto de linguistica . 1992 . no . 1 . discurso / historia . 1993 . no . 2 . el habla visual . linguistica de las lenguas de senas . coordinadora : maria ignacia massone 1994 . no . 3 . etnolinguistica . pueblos y lenguas en la america aborigen . coordinadora : ana gerzenstein temas de linguistica aborigen . 1991 . coordinacion y presentacion : ana gerzenstein jose angel alvarez postmast @ lingui . uba . edu . ar
  """",0
  640,""""Subject: job advertisment for computational linguists and lexicographers
   
   we are a translation company based in barcelona specialising in machine translation . at the moment we are working on a machine translation project to translate from spanish to english and we need a computational linguist and a lexicographer to complete the team . we would be grateful if you could publicise the job requirements and pass on the information to any other potential sources of candidates for the posts . the jobs are for 16 - 18 months , depending on when the canddates start work . the requirements for the posts are as follows : computational linguist a university qualification in computational linguistics and practical experience in computer programming . either a native english speaker with a high level of written spanish ( preferably with a degree in spanish ) , or a native spanish speaker with a high level of written english ( proficiency or a degree in english ) experience in projects involving computational linguistics , especially machine translation , an advantage . lexicographer fluent in english and spanish , preferably bilingual . linguistic awareness and familiarity with the grammar of both languages . experience in working with computers at user level . experience in compiling technical dictionaries and in translating technical texts an advantage . applicants should send their curriculum vitae and a letter of introduction in both spanish and english to : incyta s . l . c . lluis muntadas , 5 08940 cornella spain or via e-mail to : incyta @ incyta . es thanking you in advance incyta s . l .
  """",0
  641,""""Subject: announcement of opening
   
   contingent upon funding , a tenure-track position in spanish / french at california state university , los angeles , fall 95 . phd / abd in spanish or romance linguistics . native or near-native proficiency in both languages ; fluent english . ability to teach courses in language , civ . , and lit . in both spanish and french . priority to candidates with competence in colonial and 19th century latin american literature and french linguistics . assistant / associate . letter of app . , cv , min 3 letters to : joseph chrzanowski , chair department of modern languages & literatures california state university , los angeles 5151 state university drive los angeles , ca 90032-8112 applications accepted until position filled . completed applications received by december 15 , 1995 to be considered for interview at mla .
  """",0
  642,""""Subject: job announcement
   
   position announcement french lexicographer compuserve , the world 's largest online information service is seeking a part-time ( approx . 15 hours per week ) french lexicographer to assist in development of its online english - french machine translation service . the french lexicographer will perform the following duties : collect and analyze english and french text samples to identify new terminology . evaluate proposed terminology additions for machine translation software , assess frequency of usage and contexts , develop dictionary entry research translations for new terminology code new terminology and grammatical characteristics for machine translation software . conduct performance and quality test procedures for added terminology in various contexts . identify , analyze and resolve various levels of dictionary problems through analysis of output and edits to machine translation dictionary . identify and record system software problems for submission to software developer . qualifications : the candidate should be a native speaker of french with fluency in english and knowledge of linguistics and grammar . the candidate should be familiar with french computer terminology . a bachelor 's degree in linguistics is preferred , but a college senior with strong qualifications would be considered . the candidate must also have good verbal , written and interpersonal skills in english and an aptitude for detail and accuracy . knowledge of unix , and computational lexicography experience with machine translation , or experience involving a related natural language processing project are desirable . salary : commensurate with experience . contact information : please mail , email or fax resume to : dr . mary flanagan group leader , natural language technologies compuserve 2 university office park , suite 212 51 sawyer road waltham , ma 02154 mflanagan @ csi . compuserve . com t : 617-893 - 2758 f : 617-893 - 7727
  """",0
  643,""""Subject: 
   
   the latest issue ( 1994 n01 ) of etudes de lettres the publication of the faculty of letters of the university of lausanne has appeared , and is devoted to linguistics : """""""" les sciences du langage : enjeux et perspectives """""""" . contents : patrick seriot : preface . jean - michel adam : passe simple et passe compose , une opposition temporelle ou enonciative ? anne - claude berthoud : paroles a propos . anne dutka : pour une analyse linguistique du discour de la critique litteraire . morteza mahmoudian : mythes et realites en semantique . lorenza mondada : quelques enjeux d ' une approche discursive des faits de langue . marianne kilani-schoch : linguistique et aphasie . patrick seriot : aux sources du structuralisme : une controverse biologique en russie . frangois rosset , catherine seylaz-dubuis : ceci n ' est pas un texte : parcours bibliographique vers une definition du texte . claude sandoz : une discipline carrefour : la linguistique indo-europeenne . chronique annuelle de la faculte des lettres . this issue can be ordered from etudes de lettres , universite de lausanne , bfsh2 , ch-1015 lausanne for the price of frs 18 . - ( swiss francs ) . e - mail : troessle @ ulys . unil . ch
  """",0
  644,""""Subject: 
   
   romance ling davis , stuart @ napoli , donna jo a prosodic template in historical change : the passage of the latin second conjugation into romance 1994 170pp . paperbound approx . usd 30 rosenberg & sellier via andrea doria 14 , i-10123 torino ( credit card accepted ) the book offers a novel approach to a longstanding problem , the demise of the latin 2nd conjugation . the authors show that a prosodic analysis may account for the historical change that occurred in italianm romanian , french , provencal , catalan , and several raeto - romance dialects . it is a successful application of prosodic morphology to a diachronic problem . fax : + + 39 / ( 0 ) 50 / 563513 i-56126 pisa / / / / / syntax the syntax and pragmatics of anaphora a study with special reference to chinese ( cambridge studies in linguistics 70 ) cambridge university press yan huang department of linguistics , university of reading this book develops a pragmatic theory of anaphora within the neo - gricean framework of conversational implicature . chomsky claims that anaphora reflects underlying principles of innate universal grammar , and the view is widely held that only syntactic and semantic factors are crucial to intrasentential anaphora . yan huang questions the basis of the government and binding approach and argues that syntax and pragmatics are interconnected in determining many anaphoric processes . furthermore , he proposes that the extent to which syntax and pragmatics interact varies typologically . there exists a class of language ( such as chinese , japanese and korean ) in which pragmatics plays a central role that in familiar european languages is alleged to be played by grammar . yan huang 's pragmatic theory has far-reaching implications for this important issue in theoretical linguistics . 1994 , 349 pp . hardback 0 521 41887 9 dwivedi , veena . ( university of massachusetts , amherst ) ; syntactic dependencies and relative phrases in hindi , pb . xvii + 249 pp . ph . d . dissertation , 1994 . $ 16 + s / h ( $ 3 domestic , $ 4 foreign surface ) . graduate linguistic student association ( glsa ) , university of massachusetts , amherst . this dissertation explores various syntactic dependencies from relative phrases in hindi . in addition to scrambling , topicalisation and left dislocation , topic dislocation is recognized . this non-movement relation is limited to referential nps which are related to null pronominals ; because no movement is involved , topic dislocation is not subject to subjancency . several cases of asymmetric coordination , including correlatives and ' that ' clauses , are also explored in detail . for further information , contact glsa @ linguist . umass . edu . phonology sherer , tim d . ( university of massachusetts , amherst ) ; prosodic phonotactics , pb . xiii + 225 pp . ph . d . dissertation , 1994 . $ 16 + s / h ( $ 3 domestic , $ 4 foreign surface ) . graduate linguistic student association ( glsa ) , university of massachusetts , amherst . this dissertation deals with the possibility of having syllable final consonants , including geminate consonants , and the interaction of such consonants with syllable weight and vowel length , by means of the moraic tier . the goal of this work is to have the range of patterns of consonant occurrence and vowel length follow from simple patterns in simple interactions . predictions about possible phonological patterns are made via the interaction of simple constraints in optimality theory . extensive treatments of over-filled ( hypercharacterized ) syllables , appendix consonants and gemination are provided . rosenthall , sam . ( university of massachusetts , amherst ) ; vowel / glide alternation in a theory of constraint interaction , pb . viii + 243 pp . ph . d . dissertation , 1994 . $ 16 + s / h ( $ 3 domestic , $ 4 foreign surface ) . graduate linguistic student association ( glsa ) , university of massachusetts , amherst . this work examines the distribution of high vowels and glides using optimality theory . the distribution of high vowels and glides is shown to be a consequence of simultaneously comparing moraic and nonmoraic syllabifications of high vowels for satisfaction of phonological constraints . three main phenomena are investigated : the syllabification of vowel sequences in languages with only surface monophthongal vowels , the interaction of stress and high vowel distribution , and the phenomenon of glide vocalization . for further information , contact glsa @ linguist . umass . edu .
  """",0
  645,""""Subject: special issues
   
   names , the journal of the american name society , is planning two special issues for late 1995 or early 1996 . the first is on ' computers in onomastic research , ' and the second ' statistics in onomastic research . ' if you would like to contribute to one ( or both ) of these special issues , send a 1 - page idea paper to the editor at the address below . nothing has to be definite at this time , but i would expect that both issues would deal with problems faced in name research and how computers ( and statistics ) could contribute to solving them . i put a similar notice on the american name society list and found that there was wide-spread interest in both areas . so if you would like to contribute , send the idea paper to me shortly , by either hard copy , fax or email . edward callary , editor , editor , names english department northern illinois university dekalb , il 60116 fax : 815-753 - 0606 email : tb0exc1 @ mvs . cso . niu . edu ( make sure you type zero rather than o after tb ) i hope to hear from people from a variety of disciplines who have an interest in names . please let me know if you have questions or comments .
  """",0
  646,""""Subject: cartoons
   
   i am currently undertaking research on the visual aspects of cartoons , and would like to get hold of some examples of cartoons published outside the uk . can anyone help by sending me some ? ( i ' m happy to refund postage ) . any style , genre , language - from newspapers , magazines , childrens ' comics . . . thanks in advance to anyone who can help . e-mail for queries = s . goodman @ open . ac . uk snail mail = school of education , open university , walton hall , milton keynes mk7 6aa , england , uk .
  """",0
  647,""""Subject: spanish terms
   
   i am looking for the spanish translations of the following terms and wonder if anyone can help me : - tense / lax ( vowel ) - extrametrical - heavy / light ( syllable ) - ( syllable ) weight - onset , coda , rhyme - ( phonological ) government - interlanguage thanks in advance for your help . my e-mail address is : archibal @ acs . ucalgary . ca - - john archibald department of linguistics university of calgary phone : ( 403 ) 220-7316 e - mail : archibal @ acs . ucalgary . ca
  """",0
  648,""""Subject: * both . . . and
   
   i discovered in a class yesterday that most of my younger undergraduates rejected both as a correlative conjunction , as in ( 1 ) , while allowing either . . . or without any complaints at all . ( 1 ) a john both drinks wine and smokes cigars . b john drinks both wine and beer . they were both clear and unanimous . has anyone else found this ? is it a change , or has both . . . and always been the kind of thing you only learned by reading lots of books ( which our youngsters do n't do ) ? dick hudson dept of phonetics and linguistics , university college london , gower street , london wc1e 6bt uclyrah @ ucl . ac . uk
  """",0
  649,""""Subject: top 10 bibliographies
   
   i am looking for the all-time - bar-none best bibliographies on the broad and general topic of linguistics . not narrowly defined by anything . if you have a suggestion for me please respond and tell me where i can find it , either in print or on the internet somewhere . thanks in advance ! ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ p e a r l b e r t r a n d gallagher law library internet : bertrand @ u . washington . edu condon hall jb-20 voice : ( 206 ) 548-9456 1100 ne campus parkway fax : 206-548 - 9458 seattle , wa 98105 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
  """",0
  650,""""Subject: searching for west african and indian texts
   
   dear colleagues , we are doing some research on world englishes which will compare the short story fiction rhetorical style of the following groups : west african male writers west african female writers indian ( sub-continent ) male writers indian ( sub-coninent ) female writers we would like to use short stories written within the last ten years ( 1984-1994 ) and need help creating a database . so , we are looking for the following . names and publication data for : 1 ) female and male writers from india who write in english 2 ) female and male writers from west africa who write in english as well as 3 ) any information regarding contrastive rhetoric , especially comparing the varieties listed above thank you for your help bill eggington wendy baker * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dr . william eggington 3164 jkhb , english department brigham young university , provo , utah 84604 u . s . a . ph : ( 801 ) 378-3483 fax : ( 801 ) 378-4649 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  651,""""Subject: optimality bibliography
   
   version 1 . 5 of the bibliography of work on optimality theory is available by anonymous ftp from ruccs . rutgers . edu ( see the file readme in the directory pub / ot / texts ) . various word-processing formats are provided . persons unable to use ftp can request an ascii version of the bibliography by sending an e-mail request to jmccarthy @ linguist . umass . edu . please include """""""" optimality bibliography """""""" in the subject line of your message . the bibliography includes references to approximately 150 papers and 70 handouts . john mccarthy & alan prince moderators ' note : the readme file is available in world wide web through the """""""" linguistic datasources """""""" link in the header of the web version of linguist .
  """",0
  652,""""Subject: new mailing list ( nynorsk )
   
   there is a new mailing list for people using or interested in nynorsk ( """""""" new norwegian """""""" ) : """""""" internettet maallag """""""" . as nynorsk is a minority language with low presitige the intention of the list is to serve as a meeting point for """""""" nynorskers """""""" on the net . this is also reflected in the name of the list : """""""" maallag """""""" ( ' language association ' ) is a word used by many nynorsk organisations , most of which are regional branches of noregs maallag ( but not all of them ) . it will of course not be of interest to subscribe to the list if you do n't understand ( new ) norwegian . to subscribe to internettet maallag write to < iml-request @ math . uio . no > . jardar eggesboe abrahamsen jardar @ nvg . unit . no noreg heiter landet .
  """",0
  653,""""Subject: cognitive science technical reports from ircs
   
   the institute for research in cognitive science publishes a series of technical reports , representing papers drawn from the fields of computer and information science , linguistics , mathematics , neuroscience , philosophy , and psychology . bound versions of the technical reports are available from the institute for a small fee , while on-line versions of all current ( 1994 ) technical reports are freely available on-line . attached is a list of abstracts for recently published papers . the entire abstract list will be submitted to the linguist listserv as a file . requests for technical-reports should be sent to : jodi kerper institute for research in cognitive science 3401 walnut street suite 400c philadelphia , pa 19104-6228 requests for copies should include a check or money order made payable to """""""" trustees of the university of pennsylvania . """""""" on - line versions of the reports may be obtained via anonymous ftp from the address ftp . cis . upenn . edu in the directory pub / ircs / technical-reports . the reports are stored as compressed postscript files and are listed by tr number . the reports may also be obtained through electronic mail by sending the message """""""" send guide """""""" to ircsserv @ ftp . cis . upenn . edu . you will receive a reply containing a guide on using the information server program . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = recent ircs reports = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ircs-tr - 1991-1994 technical report series abstract listing , 1991-1994 ( this report contains a list of all technical papers and abstracts , including papers from 1991-1993 ) . no charge ircs-94 - 14 $ 3 . 69 a general framework for hybrid substructural categorial logics mark hepple some recent categorial proposals have employed structural modalities , modal operators which allow explicit management of resource sensitivity in linguistic derivation . various theoretical , computational and practical problems arise for the use of such operators . i propose an alternative general model of hybrid substructural systems , in which different substructural logics ( i . e . logics differing in their resource usage characteristics ) are brought together into a single system , and which eliminates the need of structural modalities by exploiting natural relations between different substructural levels in terms of the relative informativeness of their characterizations . under this model , the range of substructural levels form a single unified descriptive system , which should facilitate writing grammars for individual languages , and provide a better basis for cross-linguistic generalization . ircs-94 - 15 $ 1 . 05 binding and control in ccg and its relatives mark steedman the ccg account of the unbounded constructions - in particular , relativisation and coordination - generalizes the notion of surface structure in a way that disrupts traditional notions of dominance and command . this has led researchers in other frameworks to suggest that the theory is fundamentally incompatible with a coherent theory of binding and control - the bounded constructions . the present paper offers a theory of binding in ccg which preserves the original account of the unbounded dependencies , and which renders it immediately compatible with other theories , tag in particular . the theory requires the abandonment of one assumption that has been traditional ( though not essential ) in other categorial approaches . the significance of the move is discussed . ircs-94 - 16 $ 3 . 66 null subjects in early child english and the theory of economy of projection tom roeper bernhard rohrbacher in this paper , we present new evidence showing that some of the empty subjects produced by young children acquiring english cannot be subsumed under the performance limitation analysis of bloom ( 1990 ) or the topic - drop analysis of rizzi ( 1994 ) . we argue contra sano & hyams ( 1994 ) that these missing subjects are instances of pro , not pro , and demonstrate that the economy-based pro-drop theory of speas ( 1994 ) handles our data in an elegant fashion . the analysis we propose links the acquisition of subjects to the acquisition of functional morphology , in accordance with the minimalist program developed since chomsky ( 1989 ) . one desirable consequence of the approach taken here is that no recourse to a pro-drop parameter is necessary . ircs-94 - 17 $ 3 . 41 kolmogorov complexity and the information content of parameters robin clark a key goal of linguistic theory is to account for the logical problem of language acquisition . in particular , linguistic constraints can be taken as constraining the learner 's hypothesis space and , so , reducing its computational burden . in this paper , i will motivate an information theoretic approach to explaining some linguistic constraints . in particular , the theory attempts to relate ease of acquisition with the simplicity of linguistic representations and their frequency in the learner 's input text . to this end , the paper reviews some results in information theory and kolmogorov complexity and relates them to a theory of parameters . ircs-94 - 18 $ . 87 active part - decomposition , shape and motion estimation of articulated objects : a physics - based approach ioannis a . kakadiaris dimitri metaxas ruzena bajcsy we present a novel , robust , integrated approach to segmentation shape and motion estimation of articulated objects . initially , we assume the object consists of a single part , and we fit a deformable model to the given data using our physics-based framework . as the object attains new postures , we decide based on certain criteria if and when to replace the initial model with two new models . these criteria are based on the model 's state and the given data . we then fit the models to the data using a novel algorithm for assigning forces from the data to the two models , which allows partial overlap between them and determination of joint location . this approach is applied iteratively until all the object 's moving parts are identified . furthermore , we define new global deformations and we demonstrate our technique in a series of experiments , where kalman filtering is employed to account for noise and occlusion . ircs-94 - 19 $ . 92 active motion - based segmentation of human body outlines ioannis a . kakadiaris dimitri metaxas ruzena bajcsy we present an integrated approach towards the segmentation and shape estimation of human body outlines . initially , we assume that the human body consists of a single part , and we fit a deformable model to the given data using our physics-based shape and motion estimation framework . as an actor attains different postures , new protrusions emerge in the outline . we model these changes in the shape using a new representation scheme consisting of a parametric composition of deformable models . this representation allows us to identify the underlying human parts that gradually become visible , by monitoring the evolution of shape and motion parameters of the composed models . our algorithm is applied iteratively over subsequent frames until all moving parts are identified . we demonstrate our technique in a series of experiments with very encouraging results .
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  654,""""Subject: sum of chinese speech errors
   
   about 2 weeks ago i sent a query to linguist list asking for references on the topic of speech errors in chinese . thanks to all those ( 9 ) who have kindly replied with information , advice and questions . i am pleased that there are people out there who are very interested in this topic , but disappointed to find that so little research has been reportedly done in this field . i have read a few papers on errors in chinese handwriting , but not so much so on reported oral errors . to sum up the references i got so far from the linguist list : ( 1 ) shen , jiaxuan . ' kou wu lei lei ' , zhongguo yuwen , 1992 . 4 . ( 2 ) moser , david . ' slips of the tongue and pen in chinese ' , sino - platonic papers , no . 22 , 1991 . i am grateful that some responses have promised to keep looking for further references , but i am still wondering about one question that i keep asking myself : do chinese speakers make speech errors at all ? and if they do , do they err remarkably less than , say , english speakers ? thank you . yang wei dept of linguistics university of victoria
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  655,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1250 language acquisition / analogy / pragmatics
   
   yes indeed , be careful when you star a sentence , you may be sentencing a star , does have meaning ! a passerby one evening in brentwood several weeks ago witnessed a cruel double murder , but his testimony , in very broken english , required the services of a professional linguist to interpret . the latter was n't sure what to make of """""""" i see there once o . j . simpson not . """""""" , so he starred the sentence . the result is [ future ] history ! - - jules levin 8 - )
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  656,""""Subject: data , judgments thereon , and the teaching of linguistics
   
   in linguist 5-1247 , benji wald said > i once heard a syntactician suggest that in introductory syntax > classes certain theories . . . have to be taught as if they were > true , without attending to known fallacies in the theories . > that way the students get a foundation for learning how to make > syntactic arguments . the fallacies would then be exposed in more > advanced courses . ( would the way of making syntactic arguments > change too ? i guess whoever does n't take the more advanced syn - > tax classes can go to hell , or assume that theories of syntax do . > > to make this semi-anecdote more relevant maybe the syntactician > was insisting that introductory classes may not challenge the > grammaticality judgments used as data for an illustrative analysis > ( sound familiar ? ) . otherwise the lesson could not be taught . > that 's a form of discipline that might be hard to unlearn and hard > for the teacher to resist taking advantage of in the more advanced > courses - - any syntax teachers out there care to comment ? ( if you > do n't i ' ll say """""""" i thought not ! """""""" ) i suppose i ' m taking up benji 's gage , though i want it understood that i ' m very much in sympathy with what he has to say . i remember a little over 10 years ago i was taking a course in lexical phonology , and got into an argument with the prof . because he insisted that one of the co - rollaries of the theory was that ' people ' is inherently plural , which explained the non-existence of the overt plural ' peoples ' . i insisted that the word ' peoples ' certainly does exist and that therefore any theo - retical claim that it does n't was ipso facto falsified . ( cf . rev . vii 9 : ' a great multitude which no one could number , from every nation , from all tribes and * peoples * and languages ' . now , presumably ' people ' in this passage means something like ' ethnic group ' , and is not therefore precisely equivalent to ' people ' meaning ' many persons ' , or ' the set of all human beings ' . i would also note that one common meaning of ' universe ' is ' the set of all existing things ' , which would also imply that the word ' universes ' ought not to exist either , but it does . for one thing , there is a variant usage of ' universe ' which makes it roughly synonymous with ' galaxy ' or ' group of galaxies ' , of which of course there are many . it is also freely used in talking about ' parallel universes ' , etc . ) > from a paedagogical point of view i think it is perfectly legitimate for a linguistics teacher to say , ' here 's a bunch of strings , with attendant grammaticality judgments . what generalizations can we draw from these data ? ' we can save ourselves from the threat of the protest of a student who happens to be fluent in the language under discussion against a gram - maticality judgment by invoking the notion of ' idiolect ' and claiming ' these judgments are an accurate reflection of one particular individu - al 's own linguistic behaviour . what can we deduce about the internalized grammar of that individual ? ' this , of course , assumes that what we as linguists are concerned about is language as a psychological / cognitive phenomenon , and i believe that that is legitimate . but we are also , in my opinion legitimately , concerned about language as a social phenomenon . in which case language is not ( simply ) the property of an individual mind but of a community , and ' gram - maticality judgments ' may be different at the communal level from the individual level . i think as teachers we need to be honest with our stu - dents about this , which means allowing ourselves the luxury of a certain type or level of judgment on one occasion and a different one on another , but as much as possible each time making it clear to our students what level we ' re working at . addressing the broader issues that have come up following joseph stemberger 's posting in linguist 5-1163 , i think we also need to make clear the difference between ' grammaticality ' and ' acceptability ' judg - ments . i have an introductory lecture , prepared for a course i have as yet had no opportunity to teach , in which i attempt to explain that a given string ( e . g . , ' 3 is angry ' or ' my toothbrush is pregnant ' ) may be perfectly grammatical but semantically or pragmatically anomalous , and might be rejected for that reason , while another string ( e . g . , ' tooth - brush my am orange ' or ' there are a rabbit in garden ' ) may be fully in - terpretable and therefore not semantically anomalous but nevertheless violate certain constraints of grammar . i would be inclined to reject any claim that , as georgia green occasionally put it ( facetiously ) in class and elsewhere , ' the rules of grammar must include the rules of arithmetic and all other real-world knowledge ' . thus , if my son were to say , ' the moon is made of green cheese ' i might challenge him on the * content * of his statement , but not on its * con - struction * . dr . steven schaufele 712 west washington urbana , il 61801 217-344 - 8240 fcosws @ prairienet . org * * * * o syntagmata linguarum liberemini humanarum ! * * * * * * nihil vestris privari nisi obicibus potestis ! * * *
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  657,""""Subject: language evolution context
   
   > from : gerard gautier < gauier @ cc . nsysu . edu . tw > [ interesting stuff ] > i sometimes realise that , while talking to my sister in france by > phone , i find myself unthinkingly telling her : > > """""""" j ' habite dans une petite hsiang derriere l ' ecole . """""""" ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ditto here , with english . need i describe the puzzled looks when once i let """""""" les achevements academiques """""""" slip into my french ( """""""" cesar achevant les prisonniers gaulois """""""" , par salvador dali , a la maniere de meissonnier ! ) . the case of """""""" hsiang """""""" is different , though , just as that of """""""" le milk-bar du coin """""""" ( which my wife and i constantly use ) . i expect that """""""" ruelle """""""" is not strongly associated in one 's experience with the thing , but it would be if you had been living in a french - speaking chinese town . since it is usually not french but chinese which you hear in chinese towns ( merci , monsieur de la palisse ) , """""""" hsiang """""""" is strongly associated , so much so that it creeps into even a french sentence . ditto with """""""" milk-bar """""""" in australia , and , i guess , """""""" trinkhalle """""""" in germany . the closest i can think of in french would be """""""" l ' arabe du coin """""""" , but that would be only parisian french i imagine . > so does it not mean that the evolution should depend on the education > level of people - so that it would be differential inside a society > according to , say , the social class ? well , great britain provides prime examples of cants . i have come across , a few weeks ago , """""""" language in the british isles """""""" , peter trudgill ( ed ) , cambridge university press , 1984 , isbn 0-521 - 28409 - 0 . i cannot recommend it too highly . chock - a-block full of engrossing , well-presented data , from """""""" rural dialects in england """""""" to """""""" romani and angloromani """""""" via """""""" shelta and polari """""""" . even discounting cants , i remember my father mentioning having started learning breton ( we lived in douarnenez , then with breton speakers ) , and given up after finding the breton he learnt from the fisherment was well nigh useless for communicating with the farmers . back to cants , are n't francois villon 's poems in argot incomprehensible to-day ? > - i am also aware of phenomenons of resistance to acculturative evolution > ( conscious or not ) as for the quebecquois telling , not """""""" un hot-dog """""""" as > the french do , but """""""" un chien chaud """""""" ( toubon being in my opinion but a > marginal impedement on the natural evolution , whatever direction it takes ) . . . > > - another exemple of the complexity of those issue would be the > """""""" rigidification """""""" of a language facing a threat . > ( phonology , vocabulary , syntax . . . ) . two facets of the phenomenon , is n't it ? > to resume my questions : how can we ascertain that this language > has had this reaction without having to resort to extra-linguistic > implicit hypothesis as : homogeneity through classes , identity of > evolution whatever the number of speakers would be ( lng-switching vs > creolisation . . . ) , existence ( or not ) , type , and evolution of a scripting > system ( * * ) etc . . . ? can we ? and further , can we , even resorting to extra-linguistic hypotheses ? those hypotheses seem to me post hoc , and hold only for a subset of the data . in other words , you may find counter-evidence galore if you do not blind yourself to it . further , have those hypotheses any useful predictive value ? what i mean is this : they may be significant at 99 . 99 % confidence level and beyond , yet remain useless . example : having recorded the outcomes of 100 , 000 spins at the roulette table , you find 50 . 5 % red and 49 . 5 % black , grab you pocket calculator , and yes , yes , yes , that particular roulette wheel must be biased towards red . with dreams of untold riches prodding you , you start betting on red . you might realize now that you after all you are not going to get very rich very quickly with just a 0 . 5 % edge : your ability to predict the outcome of the next spin is , for all practical purposes , unchanged . not only that but , unless you have almost as much money to play with as the casino , you are certain to be wiped out in the long run . but that is another story , called """""""" the drunkard 's walk """""""" .
  """",0
  658,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1254 typological classification
   
   for what it is worth , i disagree with martin haspelmath ( and agree with fritz newmeyer ) about the problem of defining the concepts with which typological work operates . but we need to make sure that this does not become a political thing : i do n't see any difference on this point between the work of typologists / functionalists as compared to that of formalists . everybody who tries to compare two or more languages has these problems . for ex . , in reference to the basic word order question , i noticed a long time ago that some languages which were claimed to have ovs as basic actually rarely had both o and s at the same time in the same sentence , so i argued that maybe the term """""""" basic """""""" should not be applied there in the way in which it applies to english svo patterns . there are many many examples where we compare incomparables and do not compare comparables because our concepts are vague and our terminologies are ambiguous . i have , for example , published some papers documenting the confusions surrounding the term ' topic ' in the typological literature . there seems to be a lot of confusion likewise about the concepts of ' ergative ' and ' passive ' . and it seems to me that typological categories such as ' configurational ' ( or non ) , ' pro-drop ' ( or non ) , and so on , are just as poorly defined and just as liable to lead to all kinds of confusion .
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  659,""""Subject: typological method
   
   pace fritz newmeyer , there has been extensive discussion of the methodological issues that he raises . ( these remarks are independent of any assessment of johanna nichol 's book that fritz referred to , incidentally . ) first , good typological work devotes a substantial amount of effort to defining and delimiting what sorts of constructions should or should not belong to a particular structural type . good examples are many of dryer 's papers ( e . g . dryer 1989a , 1989b , 1992 ) , koptjevskaja - tamm 1990 : ch . 1 - 3 on nominalizations , stassen 1985 : ch . 2 , 4 on comparative and ' chaining ' constructions , and haspelmath 1993 : ch . 2 on indefinite pronouns . more generally , the discussion of the proper typological markedness criteria in croft 1990 : ch . 4 - 6 is an attempt to provide some * general * structural criteria for a large class of cross-linguistic phenomena ( see for example the formulation of the structural consequences of hopper & thompson 1980 's transitivity hypothesis on p . 131 , or the application of the criteria to the syntactic category problem in croft 1991 : ch . 2 - 3 ) . delimiting and classifying the phenomena to be analyzed is not a simple descriptive task ; in fact , it raises some of the most interesting issues in typological analysis , and have hardly been ignored in the typological literature . second , with respect to basicness for a language type in particular , in the passage from croft 1990 that fritz referred to ( pp . 33-36 ) , i argued that typologists had moved from classifying languages typologically to classifying constructions typologically , and that that was a good thing . nevertheless , i suggested some general criteria for determining a """""""" basic """""""" language type . and despite my reservations about identifying """""""" basic """""""" language types , it has to be said that in the great majority of cases , defining a """""""" language type """""""" instead of a """""""" construction type """""""" is not terribly difficult . matthew dryer ( p . c . ) has observed that inspection of texts generally tells you very quickly what the """""""" word order type """""""" of a language is . in my own experience , in a study where i am comparing the syntax of prenominal and postnominal modifiers , i am quite frustrated at how difficult it is to find languages where a modifier freely occurs both pre - and postnominally . of course , identification of """""""" basic """""""" or other types depends on what resources you have available to you ( quality of grammatical descriptions , availability of texts / language consultants etc . ) as well as what phenomenon you are studying ( e . g . word order or head marking [ easier ] vs . relative order of modifiers or the syntax of nonrestrictive modification [ harder ] ) . but for most studies it is not an insurmountable problem , although there always some problematic cases . third , the sampling problem * has * been discussed at some length by typologists ( besides bell 1978 's seminal article , see also dryer 1989c , perkins 1989 , croft 1990 : 18-25 , rijkhoff et al . 1993 ) . the issues are too complex to go into here at length . but it should be pointed out that the issues fritz raises apply to different sorts of samples with different purposes in mind . the question of how independent particular instances are have to do with probability samples ( see in particular the dryer , perkins and croft references for discussion of these problems ) . note in particular that the stability of the phenomenon being studied is an important factor : the less stable it is , the more likely cases are historically independent . the question of coming across rare types pertains to variety samples ( see in particular rijkhoff et al . ) . some studies ( e . g . tomlin 1986 , koptjevskaja - tamm 1990 , haspelmath 1993 ) draw on a very large variety sample and then select a stratified probability sample from it for the appropriate generalizations . dryer 's sampling technique attempts to combine the needs of variety and probability samples into a single sampling procedure . i should also add that with the shift towards dynamic ( diachronic ) interpretations of synchronic typological patterns , the examination of cognate phenomena in related languages , and the comparison of """""""" nonbasic """""""" as well as basic typological strategies , becomes another important method of analysis . that means that to some extent , the problems of basic vs . nonbasic types in a single language , and of historical relatedness of data sets , can be avoided - - - in fact , exploited - - - in modern typological analysis . bill croft references : bell , alan . 1978 . language samples . universals of human language , vol . 1 : method and theory , ed . joseph h . greenberg , charles a . ferguson and edith a . moravcsik , 123-156 . stanford : stanford university press . croft , william . 1990 . typology and universals . cambridge : cambridge university press . - . 1991 . syntactic categories and grammatical relations : the cognitive organization of information . chicago : university of chicago press . dryer , matthew . 1989a . plural words . linguistics 27 . 865-95 . - . 1989b . article - noun order . cls 25 . 84-97 . - . 1989c . large linguistic areas and language sampling . studies in language 13 . 257-92 . - . 1992 . the greenbergian word order correlations . language 68 : 81 - 138 . hopper , paul and sandra a . thompson . 1980 . transitivity in grammar and discourse . language 56 . 251-299 . koptjevskaja - tamm , maria . 1988 . a typology of action nominal constructions . stockholm : university of stockholm . perkins , revere d . 1989 . statistical techniques for determining language sample size . studies in languagea013 : 293-315 . rijkhoff , jan , dik bakker , kees hengveld & peter kahrel . a method of language sampling . studies in language 17 . 169-203 . stassen , leon . 1985 . comparison and universal grammar . oxford : basil blackwell . tomlin , russell . 1986 . basic word order : functional principles . london : croom helm . dept of linguistics , u manchester , oxford rd , manchester m13 9pl , uk w . croft @ manchester . ac . uk fax : + 44-61 - 275 3187 phone : 275 3188
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  660,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1237 sum : basic word order ( and remarks on typology )
   
   fritz newmeyer raises some important issues about typological research as instantiated in nichols ' work and elsewhere , which call for some comments . first , the notion of language type is an idealization : this is often made clear in typology courses , where non-existent artificial languages are considered as logically possible or impossible language types , if not always in the published literature ( though the point is clearly made in comrie 's textbook , for example , by the discussion of morphological typology ) . similarly , fritz is quite right to point out that the assumption of no areal or genetic bias , to the extent that it is made at all , is a counterfactual one . what i would ask is whether such idealizations differ in kind from those , many of them counterfactual , which underlie generative grammar . the justification is similar in both cases : methodologically , one cannot deal with all the relevant variables all the time , and some of the concepts used are logically independent of the extrinsic variables , e . g . one can investigate consistency with proposed implicational universals regardless of the statistical bias in one 's sample . the term ` shaky typological pigeon-holing ' is particularly inapt as applied to nichols ' distinction between head-marking and dependent - marking languages , which is quite explicitly a matter of degree ( see her 1986 paper where the degree of hm vs . dm is quantifified in terms of the number of patterns instantiating each type ) . if nichols refers to a ` head-marking language ' this is shorthand for a quantifiable tendency , just as we might describe italian as a ` pro-drop language ' without implying that there is a binary distinction here ( in fact there are degrees of pro-drop , e . g . some languages allow null expletives but not null referential subjects , etc ) . another point which i think all typologists would accept is that languages which do n't appear to match an established type are typological data - for example , colloquial french as discussed recently on linguist is a language which might reasonably be described as having no basic word order ( i believe that nichols classified it as vso in one of her tables , but that is again shorthand for a more complex situation ) . this is an explanandum for which nichols ' 1986 paper offers an explanation : head-marking facilitates word order freedom , and colloquial french instantiates clausal head-marking in nichols ' sense . to sum up : pace widespread opinion , typologists ' goal is not pigeon-holing ( """""""" taxonomy """""""" is also widely used in this context ! ) but the investigation and explanation of patterns of variation . steve matthews
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  661,""""Subject: comparative method
   
   the recent discussion of limitations on the comparative method contained several assertions that such limitations had been and were being used to justify resistance to proposals of remote relationships , including amerind and nostratic . to my knowledge this is absolutely false . in every instance that i am aware of in which perceived temporal limitations on the comparative method have been mentioned , it is by way of explaining why it is there are no relationships beyond a certain degree of remoteness on which there is consensus , or by way of making predictions as to what historical linguistics will ultimately be able to achieve . i do not know of a single instance in which someone has argued : such and such a proposed relationship is associated with a time-depth of x years . this exceeds the temporal limits of the comparative method . therefore the proposal must be wrong . if anyone can provide evidence of such an argument being made i would be most interested . in the particular case of amerind , the objections have been two-fold : ( a ) the data is riddled with errors ; ( b ) the argument is not of a sort that most historical linguists consider probative . since greenberg and ruhlen do not apply the comparative method disbelief in their claims could not rationally be based on perceived limitations of the comparative method , nor has it been . ironically , even if greenberg and ruhlen did attempt to apply the comparative method , amerind would not provide a very good instance of the above hypothetical argument . since even conservative estimates of the time-depth possible with the comparative method range from 6-10ky , cand since greenberg and ruhlen adhere to the low chronology for the peopling of the americas that places it at roughly 12ky bp , their date for amerind does not radically exceed the perceived limits of the comparative method . in sum , whatever the validity of proposed temporal limits on the comparative method , and i agree that such limits are far from exact , the view that this has anything to do with reactions to greenberg 's work on amerind and similar work is a red-herring . to evaluate such proposals , look at the data and look at the methodology , not at the alleged ( and generally unknowable ) motivations of the critics . you 'd think that the irrelevance of ad hominem arguments except in matters of credibility of witnesses would not need to be repeated constantly . bill poser bill poser , first nations studies , university of northern british columbia , 3333 university way , prince george , british columbia , v2n 4z9 , canada 604-960 - 6692
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  662,""""Subject: summary : who animal
   
   i would like to thank all those who wrote in concerning the question of whether ' who ' or ' what ' is used to ask about species of animals in various languages ( i am sorry but at the moment i cannot locate the file with the names of all those who i need to thank , but i am really grateful ) . the only language so far identified which uses the equivalent of ' who ' in this situation in russian , while german , danish , french , dutch , and i am pretty sure ( although my judgements are somewhat rusty here ) polish all use ' what ' , as does english obviously . i should add that i have seen many russian linguists ' dxescriptions of other languages in which they note that whatever the language is , that it uses ' what ' rather than than ' who ' for animals . most recently , i saw this in an eskimo - russain dictionary . i would be interested in hearing about any more examples of a language that uses ' who ' to ask for the species of an animal , as in ' what / who is that ' , when looking at an animal in a zoo , or ' what / who bit you ? ' , looking at a someone 's swollen arm .
  """",0
  663,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1281 political correctness
   
   the term ` politically correct ' together with political correctness and pc are being used with increasing frequency . i did a nexis search a couple of weeks ago in connection with a presentation i ' m doing at ncte next week on the shift in meaning of the term . while pc still retains its negative / left-wing ironic slant , it is coming to be used more broadly to attack party-line extremists of any stripe , and more broadly still ( and often without apparent negative or ironic connotation , to refer to ` doing the right thing ' or the expected thing or the appro - priate thing in any context . so for example it appears in business week and info world in nonpolitical contexts , in articles about the salary levels of corporate ceos and the appropriate values to return when writing a line of computer programming code . one nice cite noted that while it was now as easy to send email to your boss as to a clerk in the mailroom , it was not necessarily politically correct to do so ( i wonder how often people send email to mailroom clerks ) . dennis debaron @ uiuc . edu ( \ 217-333 - 2392 \ ' \ fax : 217-333 - 4321 dennis baron \ ' \ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ department of english / ' | ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ) univ . of illinois \ ' / \ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \ 608 s . wright st . \ \ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \ urbana il 61801 = = ) . \ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \ ( _ _ ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ )
  """",0
  664,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1250 language acquisition / analogy / pragmatics
   
   re analogy : benji wald asks syntax teachers to comment on his contribution . i think his characterisation of syntax teaching is a little harsh . i for one do not expect students ( at any level ) to accept my ( or anyone else 's ) grammaticality judgements unquestioningly . i ' m sure there are many syntax teachers who would prefer to get students to give their own judgements of e . g . : 1 ) i saw the grass brown when i was on holiday in spain 2 ) if you see the tower hazy , it means it ' ll rain tomorrow 3 ) only sherlock saw the man lame one might then ask for a comparison with the acceptability status of : 4 ) i saw the grass wilting . . . 5 ) if you see the tower leaning . . . . . 6 ) only sherlock saw the man limping . i ' m sure there are plenty of syntax teachers who would find it important to explore reasons why 1 - 3 ) might be less acceptable than 1 - 6 ) on the basis of the students ' own judgements . richard ingham
  """",0
  665,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1251 sum : """""""" typewriter """""""" and canadian raising
   
   raising of / ai / before voiceless stops is not that uncommon in various parts of the eastern us and canada . simply because someone can't hear the difference does n't mean it is n't there , as in don / dawn . seed j . k . chamber 's """""""" canadian raising """""""" in canadian journal of linguistics 18 ( 1973 ) or better yet timothy vance 's """""""" canadian raising in some dialects of the northern us """""""" in american speech 62 ( 1987 ) . i do this and can tell generally when someone else is . word boundaries come into play . for me , """""""" ice scream """""""" and """""""" i scream """""""" are quite different at normal speed . and """""""" quite """""""" without raising sounds like """""""" quiet """""""" though different . this is more of an issue for the dialect groups . ( note that i did not say eh ? )
  """",0
  666,""""Subject: sum : tenses and discourse analysis
   
   greetings to the list , i wish to thank everyone that answered my query on tenses and discourse analysis . i hope i have remembered to mention all of them in the following list - i seem to have had problems with my e-mail directories recently , and there 's a possibility i may have lost some messages . needless to say i will continue to welcome replies to the original query and anyone wishing to have further information on bibliography than what is appended below , should feel free to contact me at the following e-mail address : viola @ wam . umd . edu . best regards viola miglio thanks to : celso alvarez caccamo ellen l . contini - morava jeff deby suzanne fleischman hilde hasselgerd jairo morais nunes toshio ohori william j . rapaport larry rosenwald milea angela simoes froes wilbert spooren graham thurgood juan uriagereka brian wallace margaret e . winter almeida , michael j . 1987 . """""""" reasoning about the temporal structure of narratives """""""" . technical report 87-10 . buffalo : suny . buffalo . department of computer science . brown , cheryl . 1983 . topic continuity in written english narrative . in givon ( 1983 ) . pp . 315-341 . chierchia , gennaro . 1992 . anaphora and dynamic binding . linguistics and philosophy 15 . 111-183 . comrie , bernard . 1985 . tense . cambridge : cambridge university press . felson duchan , judith , gail a . bruder and lynne hewitt ( eds . ) . ( forthcoming ) . deixis in narrative : a cognitive science perspective . hillsdale , n . j . : lawrence erlbaum associates . fleischman , suzanne . 1990 . tense and narrativity . austin : university of texas press & london : routledge . givon , talmy . ( ed . ) . 1979 . syntax and semantics 12 : discourse and syntax . new york : academic press . givon , talmy . 1993 . english grammar : a function - based introduction . amsterdam : john benjamins . grimes , joseph e . 1975 . the thread of discourse . janua linguarum minor . mouton . gvozdanovic , jadranka and theo janssen ( eds . ) . 1991 . the function of tense in texts . north holland . heim . irene . 1982 . the semantics of definite and indefinite noun phrases . doctoral dissertation , university of massachusetts , amherst . hetzron , robert . 1971 . presentative function and presentative movement . proceedings of the second conference on african linguistics , studies in african linguistics , supplement 2 : 79-105 . hopper , paul j . 1979 . """""""" aspect and foregrounding in discourse . """""""" in syntax and semantics : volume 12 - discourse and syntax , edited by talmy givon . new york : academic press . pp . 213-241 . hopper , p . j . ( ed ) . 1982 . tense - aspect : between semantics and pragmatics . amsterdam : john benjamins . hornstein , norbert . 1990 . as time goes by . cambridge , massachusetts : mit press . jespersen , otto . 1931 . a modern english grammar on historica principles . vol . iv . copenhagen : munksgaard . johnstone , barbara . 1987 . """""""" ' he says . . . so i said ' : verb tense alternation and narrative depiction of authority in american english """""""" . linguistics 25 , 33-52 . kumpf , l . 1984 . temporal systems and universality in interlanguage : a case study . in f . r . eckman , l . h . bell , and d . nelson ( eds . ) , universals of second language acquisition . rowley , massachusetts : newbury house . pp . 132-143 . longacre , robert e . 1983 . the grammar of discourse . new york : plenum press . nunes , jairo . 1993 . the discourse representation of tense sequencing in narratives . college park , md : university of maryland ms . nunes , jairo and ellen thompson . 1994 . the discourse representation of temporal dependencies . to appear in p . bertinetto , v . bianchi and m . squartini ( eds . ) . proceedings of the cortona tense - aspect meeting . nunes , jairo and ellen thompson . 1993 . """""""" intensional verbs , tense structure and pronominal reference """""""" , in s . hargus , g . r . mcmenamin and v . samiian , proceedings of the 23rd western conference on linguistics : wecol ' 93 . pp . 348-360 . pinto , julio c . m . 1988 . the reading of time : a semantico - semiotic approach . berlin ; new york : mouton de gruyter . riddle , elizabeth . 1986 . the meaning and discourse function of the past tense in english . tesol quarterly 20 . 2 : 267-286 . schiffrin , deborah . 1981 . """""""" tense variation in narrative """""""" . language , vol . 57 n . 1 . pp . 462ff . thurgood , graham . 1989 . the past perfect , narrative structure and louis l ' amour . university of hawai ' i : working papers in esl 8 . 2 : 27-43 . thurgood , graham . 1990 . english tense and aspect in narratives : perfectivity , imperfectivity , and the two time axes . proceedings of the western conference on linguistics : wecol ' 90vol . 3 . pp . 290-302 . trout , k . 1974 . venus on the half shell . new york : dell . pp . 7-47 . wallace , stephen . 1982 . """""""" figure and ground """""""" in hopper ( ed ) , pp . 201-223 . wolfson , n . 1979 . the conversational present alternation . language 55 : 168-182 . wolfson , n . 1982 . on tense alternation and the need for analysis of native speaker usage in second language acquisition . language learning 32 : 53-68 .
  """",0
  667,""""Subject: eskimo words for """""""" snow """""""" , """""""" ice """""""" , etc .
   
   as an eskimologist and an anthropologist , i strongly concur with woodbury 's and hill 's recent messages on the topic . i have two responses : one to the person who suggested that maybe what was peculiar about eskimo words for snow is not the number of lexical items to be found in a dictionary , but rather that these words are used more often and even by non-specialists within the culture . i am sorry that i can't track down the name of this person , which i must have deleted by mistake . but this is an interesting idea . my answer is that eskimos talk about snow about as often as a sahara tuareg would talk about rain , in other words , not very often . remember that the arctic is technically a desert ; i . e . there is very little precipitation , although whatever snow that does fall remains on the ground , an ~ rd is blown a } iround into funny shapes , for which there is of course , a technical terminology , used mainly by huntersd who need to use these things as landmarks . snow ( as a ground cover or falling ) is really not very important to eskimos . i suggest that we start looking at some of the languages of the subarctic groups of canada ( cree , chipewyan ) , these people live in deep snow , and probably talk about it a lot more ! my second response is for george fowler who suggest that there might be an fashion of eskimo words for - - - - - going on . he talks about 50 words for ice in greenlandic . he was speaking facetiously , of course , but there is a point to be made here . eskimos who hunt on ice ( such as the siberian yupik eskimos i worked with ) have an incredibly detailed technical terminology for ice conditions , icebergs , ice thickness and movements . for eskimo hunters , these things are concretely a matter of life and death . so eskimos do have many words for ice , and as for snow , this is a technical terminology , and as for snow , it is entirely based on a few stems that actually mean """""""" ice """""""" , and on many stems that do not fundamentally mean """""""" ice """""""" . so , at least in some eskimo languages , such as cnetral siberian yupik eskimo , there are actually more expressions ( or if you want """""""" words """""""" ) for """""""" ice """""""" than for """""""" snow """""""" . for the definition of a """""""" word """""""" and """""""" stem """""""" in eskimo , i refer y ' all back to woodbury 's statement . the point is that technical terminology for things that interest eskimos is no different from technical terminology that is relevant to , say , swiss cuckoo clock makers . willem j . de reuse dept . of anthropology university of arizona tucson , az 85721
  """",0
  668,""""Subject: eskimo snow in context
   
   as the quotation from whorf shows , he was concerned with the issue of whether there is a general term like 's now ' in eskimo languages , not with whether eskimo ( or english ) have a multitude of specialized terms . it may be useful to point out that in the second half of the 19th century and thereafter one of the big issues concerning linguists and anthropologists was whether """""""" primitive """""""" people and their """""""" primitive """""""" languages possessed abstract terms . i think that we must view whorf 's and others ' preoccupations in this context . ( it may be of interest to add that the other great issues regarding """""""" primitive """""""" languages was whether they possess clearly defined sounds , since it was widely claimed that speakersof such languages """""""" alternate """""""" between different pronunications . it was boas who showed that this was an illusion , but i think that many people would not listen , and that works such as sapir 's paper on the sound pattenrs and even on psychological reality are largely to be understoods as attempts to defend the boas position ) . in any case , it should be clear that the issue was never how many words a language might have for specific kinds of anything , but whether it has words for the general types or kinds . and in this context the only question is whether the eskimo languages have one word for 's now ' like english or two like ancient greek or whether they only have a variety of more particular words for kinds of snow . alexis
  """",0
  669,""""Subject: english snow words
   
   jonathan david bobaljik posted a message to vol . 5-1276 of this list in which he discusses the various yup ' ik words for snow that have been contributed by anthony woodbury . for the sake of comparison he has a list of 9 or 10 english words for snow and snow-like things . i thought it would be useful to find out whether each of these english words means _ primarily _ snow or whether the snow sense is derived , figurative , or otherwise secondary . i have consulted the various editions of the oxford english dictionary . my results are as follows : a . acceptable cases : 1 . snow : a good english word with a respectable pedigree . means primarily snow . 2 . sleet : also good . by the way , is there an eskimo term corresponding to this ? 3 . slush : also good . 4 . avalanche : this word seems to have referred to snow avalanches from the beginning . 5 . blizzard : the first edition of the oed says , """""""" a modern word . . . . as applied to a 's now-squall , ' the word became general in the american newspapers during the severe winter of 1880-81 ; but according to the _ milwaukee republican _ = ff 4 march 1881 , it had been so applied in the _ northern vindicator _ ( esthersville , iowa ) between 1860 and 1870 . it was apparently in colloquial use in the west much earlier . . . """""""" the latest edition of the oed has a citation from 1859 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * b . doubtful cases : 1 . cornice : this is really an architectural term , meaning the """""""" crown """""""" on a building . its use to refer to a type of snow formation is merely figurative . 2 . firn : this is certainly a very rare and specialized word . the oed marks it """""""" not naturalized """""""" ; its synonym _ n ' ev ' e _ is marked the same way . i would accept neither . 3 . drift : with the meaning 's now-drift ' this word is attested c . 1300 , ( """""""" this castel . . quitter es pan snau drif [ t ] . """""""" ) but it clearly has too many other related senses , such as """""""" off-course movement of a boat """""""" and """""""" gist of what someone is saying . """""""" drift is related to """""""" to drive """""""" . compare bobaljik 's discussion of yup ' ik _ natquik _ 'd rifting snow ' . 4 . flurry : this word means primarily ' gust ' or 's quall ' . washington irving is cited in 1836 talking about """""""" flurries of snow """""""" , but there are other cases of flurries of rain , birds . conclusion : not primarily a snow word . 5 . sinkhole : bobaljik rejects _ muruaneq _ 's oft , deep snow ' , offering """""""" sinkhole """""""" as roughly comparable ( and presumably also unacceptable ) . = 20 """""""" sinkhole """""""" is not in the oed . my understanding of a sinkhole is any depression in which liquid collects , especially in the ground . i do not think it has anything to do with snow per se . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * c . special case : 1 . frost : i have left """""""" frost """""""" out of the english list , since it has more to do with frozen dew and ice than with snow . i have also omitted """""""" rime """""""" and """""""" hoarfrost """""""" ( """""""" hoar """""""" is figurative for old age ) . accordingly , i urge that words for frost be omitted from the eskimo lists . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * d . conclusion : my count is 5 good english words whose primary meanings are snow or forms of snow . bobaljik also allows only 5 """""""" exclusively snow-related simple roots """""""" in yup ' ik ( excluding """""""" frost """""""" as explained above ) . i am not a specialist in english etymology , but i am experienced at using the oed . is _ muruaneq _ 's oft , deep snow ' really not a purely snow word , as bobaljik says ? i would also like to know what """""""" eskimo """""""" languages there are other than yup ' ik for which snow-words are recorded in detail . david prager branner , yuen ren society asian l&l , do-21 , university of washington seattle , wa 98195 = 09 = 09 = 09 = 09 < charmii @ u . washington . edu >
  """",0
  670,""""Subject: news from the ippe ( 04 nov 94 )
   
   n e w s f r o m t h e i p p e world wide web access now available access to the preprints and all other materials in the international philosophical preprint exchange 's collection , including the abstracts and tables of contents of an increasing number of philosophical journals , is now available via mosaic and the world wide web . our www server is still under development and is changing rapidly , and at the moment there are still several rough spots , but access to all the ippe materials is in place . due to the rich interface provided by the web , browsing the ippe via mosaic ( or any other web browser ) is now the preferred access method . mosaic and other web browsers allow easy access to the multiple formats in which the ippe stores each paper , allowing users to as easily browse an abstract or an ascii version of a paper online as to download or print a fully-formatted version . in addition , we have provided navigation aids such as a colorful graphical map of the ippe ( not to mention the attractive new graphical ippe logo ) . in addition , much of the ippe 's structure , and many of our informational documents , are being redesigned to take full advantage of the hypertext capabilities of the web . expect further announcements soon . in ncsa mosaic , netscape , lynx , or your www browser of choice , open the url http : / / phil-preprints . l . chiba-u . ac . jp / ippe . html to pay us a visit . new journals online since the last """""""" news from the ippe """""""" in july , several more journals have joined our program of making pre-press abstracts , tables of contents , and in some cases selected full-text articles available online . recent additions include ethics and the journal of the history of philosophy , and arrangements are currently being made with five other journals , bringing the total number of journals available or soon to be available through the ippe to over a dozen . we invite the editors of other journals to contact us at the address given below . call for submissions the ippe invites the submission of working papers in all areas of philosophy . submissions undergo an informal process of """""""" minimal refereeing """""""" by the ippe 's international board to ensure that they are of contemporary philosophical interest , but need not be in fully publishable condition as they stand . due to the flexibility of our electronic media , no length limits apply . the ippe 's large collection of working papers is currently being visited by over 1000 philosophers and graduate students each month , providing the widest possible exposure for works in progress . authors benefit from the critical attention of colleagues world-wide . many authors have received incisive commentaries and forged important international connectins with workers in their areas , and the exposure produced by placing a paper on the ippe has also in a number of cases yielded tangible benefits including speaking invitations and offers of publication . copyright to a paper placed on the the ippe remains with the author , and therefore placing a paper on the ippe is no obstacle to subsequent publication . placing a working draft on the ippe provides an ideal way to beenfit from the critical attention of the international philiophical community before submitting a work for publication . call for commentaries the ippe invites the submission of well-reasoned commentaries on any working paper currently available on the ippe . commentaries are subject to the same """""""" minimal refereeing """""""" process described above for working papers . accepted commentaries are made available on the ippe alongside the original papers to which they apply , and the authors of the original papers are invited to respond in similar form . ippe represented at psa / 4s / hsa meeting the round table on electronic communications at october 's joint meeting of the psa , 4s , and hsa provided an opportunity for members of the ippe 's board to meet with representatives of several other leading projects in electronic media for philosophy and science studies . among the topics discussed were means of lowering the technological barriers to access to electronic communications resources , and especially to the submission of materials , and the formation of a consortium or clearinghouse for electronic publishers in these fields . much was accomplished , and even greater possibilities lie ahead . renovations nearly complete the international philosophical preprint exchange 's ambitious project to create an integrated system allowing the preprints and other documents on the ippe to be distributed simultaneously by means of the world wide web in addition to the previously implemented gopher , ftp , and mail-server access methods is nearly complete . the customized software we have developed for this purpose allows the ippe staff to easily make a single copy of a working paper available through all four of our supported access methods . accessing the international philosophical preprint exchange : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ by www : open the url http : / / phil-preprints . l . chiba-u . ac . jp / ippe . html by gopher : use gopher to go to either apa . oxy . edu or kasey . umkc . edu by ftp : ftp to either phil - preprints . l . chiba - u . ac . jp , or mrcnext . cso . uiuc . edu by email : mail to phil-preprints - service @ phil - preprints . l . chiba - u . ac . jp to place a paper or comment on the ippe : see pub / submissions / readme . if you have questions : send mail to < cburke @ nexus . yorku . ca > .
  """",0
  671,""""Subject: the translator
   
   order forms for the translator will shortly be available ( by mid november ) . to receive one , please send a note of your full postal address to : the translator , st . jerome publishing , 2 maple road west , brooklands , manchester , m23 9hh , u . k . alternatively , you can fax the same details to fax number + 44 0161-973 - 9856 , or email them to mona @ ccl . umist . ac . uk . the translator : studies in intercultural communication the translator is a refereed international journal which seeks to bring professional and academic interests closer together by addressing issues which have relevance in both academic and professional settings . members of the editorial and advisory boards have extensive academic and professional experience . many are accomplished translators and interpreters working at the highest levels . all have sound academic training and are involved in teaching translators and interpreters on a regular basis . academic expertise ensures rigour and coherence in the treatment of issues ; professional experience complements academic rigour with a rich store of concrete contexts and an emphasis on relevance and readability . the translator is not restricted in scope to any particular school of thought or academic group . its editors and advisors hold diverse views on translation ; they are nevertheless all committed to promoting a harmonious and less divisive environment in which both discipline and profession can prosper . editor : mona baker ( umist , uk ) editorial board : daniel gile ( isit , france ) ian mason ( heriot - watt university , uk ) christiane nord ( heidelberg university , germany ) anthony pym ( universidad rivira i virgili , tarragona , spain ) lawrence venuti ( temple university , philadelphia , usa ) judith woodsworth ( concordia university , canada ) review editor : myriam salama - carr ( salford university , uk ) international advisory board : roberto mayoral asensio ( spain ) , aliki bacapoulou - halls ( greece ) , franco buffoni ( italy ) , simon chau ( hong kong ) , dirk delabastita ( belgium ) , jean delisle ( canada ) , basil hatim ( uk ) , kinga klaudy ( hungary ) , ingrid kurz ( austria ) , paul kussmaul ( germany ) , kitty van leuven - zwart ( holland ) , carol maier ( usa ) , kirsten malmkjaer ( uk ) , douglas robinson ( usa ) , juan sager ( uk ) , christina schaffner ( uk ) , candace seguinot ( canada ) , miriam shlesinger ( israel ) , sonja tirkkonen - condit ( finland ) . two issues per year ( 125 pages each ) . first issue : april 1995 . each issue consists of papers , book reviews ( including a special review of a relatively old but influential publication ) , and a detailed description of a translation and / or interpreting course . special issue in 1996 ( vol . 2 , no . 2 ) : wordplay and translation ; guest - editor : dirk delabastita . contents of volume 1 , number 1 ( 1995 ) translation , authorship , copyright ( lawrence venuti , usa ) the moral dilemmas of court interpreting ( ruth morris , israel ) observations on anomalous stress in interpreting ( sarah williams , sweden ) a descriptive framework for compensation ( keith harvey , uk ) special review : georges mounin : les problemes theoriques de la traduction ( reviewed by claude tatilon , canada ) book reviews : jean delisle : la traduction raisonee ( reviewed by michel ballard , france ) juan sager : language engineering and translation : consequences of automation ( paul kussmaul , germany ) doris kadish & francoise massardier - kenney ( eds ) : translating slavery - gender and race in french women 's writing , 1783-1823 ( marilyn gaddis rose , usa ) jacques permentiers , erik springael & franco troiano : traduction , adaptation et editing multilingue ( david morris , belgium ) course profile : m . a . in translation studies , university of surrey , uk . subscription rates ( in stirling pounds ) : uk : individual : 29 ; institution : 49 . europe : individual : 31 ; institution : 51 . rest of the world : individual : 33 ; institution : 53 . subscribers can pay by credit card ( visa / access ) , cheque / eurocheque in stirling pounds , bankers ' draft ( drawn on a uk bank in sterling ) or direct credit . guidelines for contributors and reviewers are also available on request . mona baker mona @ ccl . umist . ac . uk .
  """",0
  672,""""Subject: special issues
   
   names , the journal of the american name society , is planning two special issues for late 1995 or early 1996 . the first is on ' computers in onomastic research , ' and the second ' statistics in onomastic research . ' if you would like to contribute to one ( or both ) of these special issues , send a 1 - page idea paper to the editor at the address below . nothing has to be definite at this time , but i would expect that both issues would deal with problems faced in name research and how computers ( and statistics ) could contribute to solving them . i put a similar notice on the american name society list and found that there was wide-spread interest in both areas . so if you would like to contribute , send the idea paper to me shortly , by either hard copy , fax or email . edward callary , editor , editor , names english department northern illinois university dekalb , il 60116 fax : 815-753 - 0606 email : tb0exc1 @ mvs . cso . niu . edu ( make sure you type zero rather than o after tb ) i hope to hear from people from a variety of disciplines who have an interest in names . please let me know if you have questions or comments .
  """",0
  673,""""Subject: forensic linguistics conference
   
   international association of forensic linguists second international conference to be held at mary white college , university of new england armidale , new south wales , australia from 9-12 july 1995 . call for abstracts papers are called for from members of the international association of forensic linguists and others whose work involves them in any of iafl 's aims , or more broadly in any areas of language and the law . ( if you need more info about iafl 's aims contact one of the people listed towards the end of this message . ) members are keen to communicate with professionals and scholars in related disciplines who also work on aspects of language and the law . prospective paper-givers are invited to submit a half-page abstract , along with a brief biography that includes professional background and interests . deadline for submission of abstracts is february 3rd 1995 send abstracts to : diana eades , iafl conference co - ordinator , linguistics dept , university of new england , armidale nsw 2351 , australia email : deades @ metz . une . edu . au registration information registration fee : member $ a125 non - member $ a150 student $ a100 early bird discount $ a20 off if you register before april 12th 1995 . registration includes : * attendance at all sessions * abstracts booklet * morning and afternoon teas and lunches on monday tuesday and wednesday * reception on sunday evening * conference satchel * excursion to dangars falls registration below is the registration form . please do not email this form . you can print it out and send it by airmail to the address below ( or you can ask for a hardcopy by emailing diana eades ) registration form mr / mrs / ms / miss / dr / ass prof / prof ( please circle ) male / female ( please circle ) first name : surname : institution : address : suburb : state : postcode : country : email : tel : fax : accommodation please organise accommodation for me on the following nights : 8th [ ] 9th [ ] 10th [ ] 11th [ ] 12th [ ] 13th [ ] in mary white college ( $ a43 . 00 per night includes accommodation , breakfast and dinner ) off campus accommodation those staying off campus will need a vehicle to get to the conference venue . in caravan park ( accommodation only ) caravan $ a30 single $ a32 double fully self contained , heated ensuite cabin $ a44 single $ a46 double in motel ( approximate single or double accommodation only ) $ a60 per night $ a70 per night yes , i am interested in attending the pre-conference tour to dorrigo national park on sunday 9th july from 10 . 00am - 5 . 00pm at approximately $ a20 per person , and would have . . . . . . . . . . . person / s with me all registration forms must be received by 12th june 1995 ( early bird discount registration closes 12th april 1995 ) do not email this form . send it by airmail to the address below enclosed is a cheque / money order or charge my bankcard / mastercard ( delete one ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiry date : _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _ name on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration : $ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . accommodation : $ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . conference dinner $ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . earlybird discount : minus $ a20 ( if posting before 12th april ) total : $ please make cheques payable to university of new england . return completed registration form to : marketing executive , new england conference management , university of new england , armidale nsw 2351 we are unable to accept registration by email , send it by airmail please . further information for further information please contact the conference co-ordinator , diana eades , linguistics department , university of new england , tel : 61 67 73 3185 fax : 61 67 73 3735 email : deades @ metz . une . edu . au for administrative or accommodation enquiries , contact gabrielle aldridge at new england conference management , tel : 61 67 73 3370 fax : 61 67 71 1713 for further information about iafl and membership queries , contact diana eades ( address above ) or sue blackwell , school of english , university of birmingham , edgbaston , birmingham , b15 2tt , uk email : blackwellsa @ vms1 . bham . ac . uk or jeffrey kaplan , dept of linguistics , san diego state university , san diego , ca 92182 , usa . email : jkaplan @ sciences . sdsu . edu important dates abstracts due 3 feb notification of acceptance of abstracts 15th march earlybird registrations due 12th april registration deadline 12th june . hfraser @ metz . une . edu . au ( 129 . 180 . 4 . 1 ) helen fraser ( dr ) dept of linguistics university of new england armidale nsw 2351 australia phone 067 73 2128 / 3189 fax 067 73 3735
  """",0
  674,""""Subject: position announcement
   
   the department of near eastern studies of the university of michigan is inviting applications for a tenure-track appointment in arabic language and culture . an assistant professor level is authorized , but senior candidates may be considered . applicants must hold the ph . d . degree and be able to teach both undergraduate and graduate courses in arabic language and linguistics and also teach courses that treat language as a social and cultural phenomenon ( for example , how language is used in the construction of nationalism , ethnicity , gender , and political rhetoric ) . applicants should specifically identify their research interests within language-and - culture studies and describe the lecture courses they can and wish to teach . the department of near eastern studies has strengths in both classical and modern arabic language and literature , in islamic religion , and in the history of the middle east . we seek a colleague who will complement the present staff and who will broaden our curricular offerings in language and culture . applicants should send a curriculum vitae , including bibliography , we well as no more than three samples of their scholarly research . named referees need not send their letters at the time of application . send application to chair , arabic language and culture search committee , department of near eastern studies , 3074 frieze building , university of michigan , ann arbor , mi 48109-1285 . we shall begin processing applications as soon as possible after january 1 , 1995 . the university of michigan is an affirmative action , equal opportunity employer .
  """",0
  675,""""Subject: job announcement , applied linguistics , ucla
   
   the department of tesl & applied linguistics at the university of california , los angeles announces an opening for a tenure-track position , rank to be determined , in discourse analysis ( pending final budgetary approval ) . the appointee will participate in a proposed interdisciplinary teaching program in language , interaction , and culture . candidates should display a strong research and teaching record in ( i ) the interface of conversation and culture , ( ii ) the integration of visual and verbal resources in the construction of meaning , and ( iii ) an expertise in new technologies for analyzing discourse in society . candidates must have ph . d . in hand at time of application . applications must be received by january 15 , 1995 and should include letter , vita , three letters of reference , and representative publications . send applications to : chair , search committee , department of tesl & applied linguistics , 3300 rolfe hall , ucla , los angeles , ca 90024-1531 . ucla is an affirmative action , equal opportunity employer . women and members of underrepresented minorities are encouraged to apply .
  """",0
  676,""""Subject: job posting
   
   announcement of open rank professorial position university of california , san diego department of linguistics subject to availability of funds , the department of linguis - tics at the university of california , san diego , is seeking to fill an open rank professorial position ( tenured / tenure - track ) effective july 1 , 1995 , for a linguist capable of teaching formal semantics and with a proven research record in formal semantics , which could include the semantics / syntax interface . salary will be commensurate with rank and experience and will be based on current university of california salary scales . a letter of application , a curriculum vitae , a representa - tive publication or manuscript , and the names and addresses of 3 referees should be sent to : university of california , san diego open search committee department of linguistics , 0108 9500 gilman drive la jolla , ca 92093-0108 application materials must be received no later than febru - ary 1 , 1995 . the university of california is an equal opportunity , affirmative action employer . this announcement supersedes our october lsa bulletin announcement and our august departmental notice of a tenured position in formal semantics / syntax .
  """",0
  677,""""Subject: wccfl xiv last call for papers
   
   last call for papers west coast conference on formal linguistics ( wccfl ) xiv usc los angeles , march 10-12 , 1995 abstract submission : abstracts should be limited to two anonymous , 8 - 1 / 2 """""""" x 11 """""""" pages , with 1 """""""" margin , single-spaced , no smaller than 12 point font . the second page need not be limited to data or references . please send 12 copies of the abstract , plus a 3x5 index card with the following information : title of the paper name affiliation address e-mail address phone number fax number to the following address : wccfl xiv linguistics dept . gfs 301 university of southern california los angeles , ca 90089-1693 a maximum of 1 individual and 1 joint abstract will be accepted . please , no e-mail or fax submissions . deadline : december 8th , 1994 . for more information , contact : jose camacho or hajime hoji wccfl xiv linguistics dept . gfs 301 university of southern california los angeles , ca 90089-1693 e-mail : wccfl @ mizar . usc . edu fax : 213-740 - 9306 phone : 213-740 - 2986 on the day preceding wccfl there will be a workshop on predication . a separate call for papers will follow . last call for papers wccfl xiv workshop """""""" predication """""""" usc los angeles , march 9 , 1995 on the day preceding wccfl xiv , there will be a workshop on the general topic of """""""" predication """""""" . abstract submission : abstracts should be limited to two anonymous , 8 - 1 / 2 """""""" x 11 """""""" pages , with 1 """""""" margin , no smaller than 12 point . the second page need not be limited to data or references . please send 8 copies of the abstract , with a 3x5 index card containing the following information : """""""" for wccfl workshop """""""" title of the paper name affiliation address e-mail address phone number fax number to the following address : wccfl xiv workshop linguistics department , gfs 301 university of southern california los angeles , ca 90089-1693 for more information , contact : jose camacho or hajime hoji phone : 213-740 - 2986 fax : 213-740 - 9306 e-mail : wccfl @ mizar . usc . edu deadline : december 8th , 1994 please , no e-mail or fax sumbissions .
  """",0
  678,""""Subject: discourse conference final call
   
   updated 11 / 12 / 94 final call for papers abstract and colloquium proposal deadline : november 18 , 1994 * * * * * * * * * * the georgetown linguistics society presents gls 1995 developments in discourse analysis * * * * * * * * * * february 17-19 , 1995 georgetown university , washington d . c . * * plenary speakers * * frederick erickson graduate school of education university of pennsylvania charles goodwin department of anthropology university of south carolina heidi hamilton department of linguistics georgetown university deborah schiffrin department of linguistics georgetown university roger shuy department of linguistics georgetown university deborah tannen department of linguistics georgetown university gls 1995 , developments in discourse analysis , is an interdisciplinary conference featuring presentations and colloquia focusing on all aspects of discourse analysis . topics range from discourse analytic theory to the use of discourse analysis as a tool in other disciplines . any research that focuses on language data at the discourse level is appropriate , including , but not limited to , work in cognitive science , conversational analysis , communication studies , critical discourse analysis , interactional sociolinguistics , linguistic anthropology , rhetoric , psychology , sociology , and text linguistics . the deadline for abstracts and colloquium proposals is november 18 , 1994 . the conference will begin late morning friday and end late afternoon on sunday . a reception will be held saturday evening . submitting an abstract : individual presentation of papers will be 20 minutes long with 10 additional minutes for discussion . please send three copies of a 250 - word double-spaced abstract . on a separate sheet , provide your name , paper title , mailing and e-mail addresses , phone number , and institutional affiliation . in addition , please submit a 100 - word typed , single-spaced summary for the conference program , headed by your name , affiliation , and paper title . submitting a colloquium proposal : the gls invites proposals for two-hour colloquia . please submit all abstracts for presentation in a colloquium together , accompanied by a cover letter which explains how the individual presentations relate to one another and to the themes of the colloquium and the conference . the cover letter should provide the organizer 's name , mailing and e-mail addresses , phone number , and institutional affiliation . in addition , the organizer should include a 100 - word description of the entire colloquium for the conference program . accommodations * on the georgetown university campus * georgetown university conference center 202-687 - 3200 , 1-800 - 446-9476 $ 109 single , $ 124 double ( up to four occupants ) make reservations as soon as possible . * georgetown area * georgetown dutch inn 202-337 - 0900 , 1-800 - 388-2410 1075 thomas jefferson , n . w . ( off of m st . ) . 10 minute walk to gu . $ 100 one bedroom suites . ( 1 queen or 2 twins and pull-out bed ) make reservations by february 6 . holiday inn 202-338 - 4600 , 1-800 - holiday 2101 wisconsin ave . , n . w . buses run down wisconsin . get off at o st and walk 5 blocks to gu . $ 79 single , $ 92 double , triple , quadruple . make reservations by january 6 . * rosslyn area of virginia * ( just across potomac from gu ) key bridge marriot 703-524 - 6400 , 1-800 - 642-3234 1401 lee highway , arlington va . walk ( about 30 minutes ) or taxi across bridge to gu . $ 89 single , double , triple , quadruple . make reservations by january 26 . * dupont circle area in washington * davis house , 202-232 - 3196 1822 r st . , n . w . 2 long blocks to g2 bus . $ 30 / person shared rooms , $ 35 / person single room ( price includes tax . coffee and tea is served ) radisson , barcelo 202-293 - 3100 , 1-800 - 333-3333 ( toll free number available after reservation ) 2121 p . st . , n . w . 1 block to g2 bus . $ 89 single , double , $ 104 triple , $ 119 quadruple * foggy bottom area of washington * inn at foggy bottom , 202-337 - 6620 824 new hampshire ave . , n . w . walk to d buses . 35 minute walk to campus . $ 79 single and double , $ 99 triple and quadruple ( includes continental breakfast ) * downtown washington * washington international youth hostel 202-737 - 2333 1009 11th st . , n . w . 2 blocks to d buses . $ 20 . 00 ( linens available for $ 2 , $ 5 deposit ) * van ness area of washington * days inn , 202-244 - 5600 , 1-800 - 952-3060 4400 connecticut avenue . 1 block to van ness metro . take to dupont circle . $ 69 flat rate . make reservations before january 16 . * bed and breakfast locations * bed and breakfast accommodations , ltd . 202-328 - 3510 , fax : 202-332 - 3885 p . o . box 12011 , washington , dc 20005 prices vary according to location . transportation * getting to georgetown university from hotels * gu is located at 37th and o streets , n . w . * . . . by bus * ( 202-637 - 7000 ) the buses that serve gu are the g2 , d2 , d4 , d6 , and d8 buses . the g2 bus arrives at the main gate of gu . the d4 and d8 buses arrive on the north side of campus at reservoir and 38th . the d2 , d4 , d6 , and d8 buses arrive at 35th and q sts . ( 3 blocks to gu ) . * . . . by metro * ( 202-637 - 7000 ) the metro stations nearest gu are dupont circle , rosslyn , and foggy bottom . to get to gu from dupont circle : 30 minute walk west on p st . g2 bus at 20th & p . d4 and d8 at 2nd & p sts . taxi is about $ 3 . 20 . from rosslyn : 25 minute walk across key bridge . ( no buses to gu ) . from foggy bottom : 35 minute walk . d buses . * transportation from area airports * national airport is on the metro line . there is no metro station near dulles airport or bwi . the washington flyer express bus ( 703-685 - 1400 ) serves national ( $ 8 ) and dulles ( $ 16 ) , leaving every 20-30 minutes non-stop to 1517 k street , n . w . , one block from the mcpherson square metro station at 15th & i sts . the washington flyer shuttle bus runs every 20-30 minutes from dulles airport to the falls church metro station ( $ 8 ) . a taxi from national airport to georgetown university costs $ 9 . 70 , from dulles , about $ 40 - $ 45 . from bwi , take the airport connection bus ( 301-441 - 2345 ) to downtown washington ( $ 14 ) or the marc train ( 800-325 - 7245 ) ( $ 4 ) or amtrak ( 800-872 - 7245 ) ( $ 10 ) to union station , which is on the metro line . the marc train does not run on weekends . * getting to gu . . . by train * union station is on the metro line . a taxi to gu costs about $ 5 . 50 . * . . . by bus * the greyhound bus terminal is located at 1st and l streets , n . e . , 4 blocks from the union station metro station . * . . . by car * > from the capitol beltway ( i-495 , which encircles washington ) , the least complicated route is to take the wisconsin avenue exit ( in the n . w . section of the loop ) and to follow wisconsin down to the heart of georgetown . parking at georgetown university parking in georgetown neighborhoods is difficult , but there is free parking on weekends in lot 3 in the southwest corner of campus , which can be entered off of prospect street or canal road . on friday , parking in this lot is $ 11 for the day , although we are trying to negotiate a rate for the conference . mention the georgetown linguistics society conference to the parking attendant . two georgetown conferences : gls 1995 and gurt 1995 gls 1995 , developments in discourse analysis , is sponsored , in part , by the georgetown university school of languages and linguistics and the georgetown university graduate student organization . the school of languages and linguistics also sponsors the georgetown university round table on languages and linguistics ( gurt ) . gurt 1995 will be held march 6 to 11 , 1995 on the topic , linguistics and the education of second language teachers : ethnolinguistic , psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic aspects . for further information about gurt 1995 , please contact carolyn a . straehle , coordinator , school of languages and linguistics , 303 intercultural center , georgetown university , washington , dc 20057 - 1067 ; ( e-mail ) gurt @ guvax . bitnet or gurt @ guvax . georgetown . edu ; ( voice ) 202-687 - 5726 . how to contact gls 1995 registrations and requests for information about gls 1995 , developments in discourse analysis , may be addressed to the georgetown linguistics society : gls 1995 georgetown university department of linguistics 479 intercultural center washington , d . c . 20057-1068 internet : gls @ guvax . georgetown . edu bitnet : gls @ guvax . bitnet voice : 202-687 - 6166 regularly updated information about gls 1995 is also available through the world - wide web georgetown linguistics home page : http : / / www . georgetown . edu / cball / gu _ lx . html _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pre-registration form for * * gls 1995 * * ( please provide your name and affiliation as you wish them to appear on your badge . ) name : affiliation : mailing address : e - mail address : phone number : registration fee . please remit the appropriate registration fee in the form of a check or money order made payable to """""""" georgetown university """""""" : student non - student preregistration ( through feb . 10 ) $ 20 . 00 $ 30 . 00 on - site registration $ 30 . 00 $ 40 . 00 other needs : if you have any special requirements other than those listed below , please inform the gls no later than january 15 , 1995 so that appropriate arrangements may be made . do you require american sign language interpretation ? do you want crash space ? ( space is limited . priority will be given to students on a first-come basis . ) do you want to be added to a room-sharing distribution list ? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please distribute this announcement as widely as possible . thank you .
  """",0
  679,""""Subject: conf : salsa iii
   
   greetings from the salsa organizing committee ! ! here is the awaited call for papers for salsa iii . please forward this message to those who may be interested , or post this notice in your department . we are looking forward to seeing y ' all in april ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * s a l s a * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for papers the symposium about language and society - austin is pleased to announce its first annual meeting to be held april 7 - 9 , 1995 at the university of texas at austin . abstracts are invited on topics concerning the relationship between language , culture and society . these include but are not limited to : linguistic anthropology variation and social networks natural discourse ethnography of communication speech play , verbal art , and poetics discourse - based approaches to language and culture * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1995 keynote speakers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * michael silverstein university of chicago keith walters university of texas at austin papers delivered at the conference will be published in a special edition of the texas linguistic forum . speakers will be allowed 20 minutes for presentation and 10 minutes for discussion . please submit six copies of an anonymous proposal which may not exceed 1 page ( unreduced ) to the address below . the abstract * should include a specific statement of the topic or issue , a brief description of the relevant data and the conclusions . abstracts should be accompanied by a 3x5 card with the following information : 1 ) the title of the paper 2 ) author 's name ( s ) 3 ) author 's affiliation 4 ) address and phone number at which the author wishes to be notified . abstracts must be received by january 17 . 1995 . late abstracts will not be accepted , and we can not accept papers which are to be published elsewhere . notification of acceptance or rejection will be sent in mid february , 1995 . registration fees will be $ 15 for students and $ 25 for non-students . papers must be received by early may , 1995 to be included in the published proceedings . send all correspondence to : salsa department of linguistics ut austin austin , tx . 78712-1196 . email : salsa @ utxvms . cc . utexas . edu . * note : we can not accept abstracts sent via email .
  """",0
  680,""""Subject: sum : native speaker intuitions
   
   several weeks ago i posted a question about the current status of """""""" native speaker intutions """""""" in our discipline . in particular , i wondered about the problems posed by variations in the interpretation of sentences . such variations sometimes become apparent when i teach """""""" modern english grammar , """""""" a course that treats english syntax in nonformal , surface-structure terms and primarily is aimed at nonlinguists . in my post , i mentioned two sentences that gave rise to varying intuitions , but i will discuss in this summary only the first , viz . , """""""" john asked mary to leave , """""""" which one student claimed was ambiguous between the reading where mary would do the leaving and that in which john would do the leaving . she claimed she got this second reading by thinking something like """""""" john asked to leave , """""""" which clearly means that john would leave , and who he asked was mary . before i continue this discussion , i must point out that in my class i did not solicit interpretations of this sentence , nor did i expect any challenges to my reading , which i essentially presupposed , assuming - - erroneously - - that all my students saw it as i did . perhaps i did not make this point clear in my posting to this list , since several respondents implied that problems will arise when we solicit interpretations or judgments , or indeed if we do """""""" generative """""""" grammar at all . however , though my approach to syntax in this course is not generative and i did not request an interpretation for this sentence , students sometimes will challenge my assumptions about meaning . if the students involved were merely contentious , then i would chalk up such differences to personality and continue unabashed . but describing my students as contentious in this case would certainly be a distortion . their observations arose , it seems to me , out of a genuine desire to come to grips with the issue . several respondents pointed out that recent research in syntax has had to deal with the thorny issue of interpretation . georgia green reports that one of her students , tim williams , """""""" has just completed a dissertation on infinitive complements , and one of the major points is that , as illustrated by the reaction to . . . ' john asked mary to leave , ' the subject of the infinitive in so - called equi constructions is not syntactically fixed . ( his dissertation deals with articulating the pragmatic principles that govern the interpretation , and misled us for so long into thinking that the interpretation was syntactically fixed . ) """""""" both dan alford and dale russell noted that the interpretation of a sentence such as """""""" john asked mary to leave """""""" as meaning """""""" john asked mary 's permission to leave """""""" could be enhanced if there were a power / status differential between the two nps . dale wrote that """""""" real-world stuff makes us lean toward one [ reading ] or the other to the point where we ' re not even aware of the potential ambiguity . """""""" he provides an example of such real-world stuff in """""""" johnny asked the teacher to go get a drink of water , """""""" a sentence in which it is far easier to read the subject of the sentence as also being the subject of the infinitive . he points out that """""""" we ' ve only changed lexical items , made the first object someone who is likely to be in a position to grant permission , and the subject of the sentence someone who is likely to want to perform the action of the infinitival . """""""" following this line of inquiry , tony bex offers an enlightening pair of examples : [ 1 ] the teacher asked the child to leave the room . [ 2 ] the child asked the teacher to leave the room . he contends that these sentences """""""" are typically interpreted pragmatically taking into account perceived authority ; i . e . , in [ 1 ] the teacher tells the child to leave ; in [ 2 ] the child asks whether s / he can leave . """""""" in either case , it is likely that it is the child who will be leaving . i should note that this pair of examples proved to be particularly amusing and illuminating to my students - - especially to those who , like me , found the ' permission ' reading peculiar . tony 's examples demonstrated to them to what extent pragmatic knowledge plays a part in interpretation . the responses to the infinitive problem constituted only one of several lines pursued by my respondents . some , who like me teach undergraduate syntax courses , commented on the difficulty a few students have with even rudimentary syntactic analysis ( e . g . , the subject / predicate split , often claimed to be a universal strategy among english speakers ) . others commented on the familiar problem of intuition fatigue ( which could be summed up as """""""" say a weird string 50 times and it sounds good ; say a good string 50 times and it sounds weird """""""" ) . and still others took issue with the entire enterprise of a separate syntax , particularly of the generative variety , though by now it should be clear that any decontextualized sentence has the potential to give rise to more than one intepretation . in fact this very idea is discussed in carson schutze 's forthcoming book , _ the empirical base of linguistics : grammaticality judgments and linguistic methodology _ , to be published by university of chicago press in 1995 . in his post to me , carson contends that judgment data """""""" can provide real , useful data , if we would just be more systematical and careful about how we collect them . of course speakers will differ on certain points . . . . the interesting question is whether the range of variation we find is systematically constrained in ways that interesting theories of grammar can explain . """""""" finally , one last thread was contributed by larry hutchinson , who mentioned the history of introspection in this century : """""""" in point of fact , the first psychology labs had been set up by introspectionists , but they were completely taken over by behaviorists and introspection dumped . . . . linguists in the 50 's were pretty much under the sway of behaviorists , and emotionally against introspectionism . . . . but then the enthusiasm generated by chomsky just swept away the behaviorist viewpoint , and along with it the contempt for the unguided use of speaker opinions . """""""" i thank all of my respondents ( cited below ) for their insightful and helpful remarks . i hope i have not distorted their positions in any serious way . marilyn silva respondents : dan alford , mark arnold , laurie bauer , kirk belnap , tony bex , scott delancey , jakob dempsey , susan ervin - tripp , georgia green , larry hutchinson , ingo plag , jim jewett , jules levin , chris li , steve matthews , dan maxwell , micheal palmer , jeanmarie rouhier , dale russell , mary ellen ryder , carson schutze , linda shockey , jacques steyn , and one respondent who prefers to remain anonymous
  """",0
  681,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1265 linguistics as """""""" science """"""""
   
   in reference to the excellent review of """""""" linguistics and the notion of science """""""" i would like to point out one small inaccuracy . at the end of the post there is a quote from a beatles song , * fool on the hill * . while this is credited solely to john lennon , the song was actually written by paul mccartney ( paul can be seen singing the song in one of the first """""""" rock videos """""""" ever made in the film * magical mystery tour * ) . although lennon and mccartney throughout the beatles career-span shared songwriter credits , they stopped active collaboration ( with some exceptions such as * a day in the life * ) since about 1965 . what does this trivia have to do with linguistics ? well , the music of the beatles and the language they used , have influenced millions of people the world over . as a young boy growing up in india i fell in love with their music which helped me considerably in both learning the english language and appreciating western culture . those linguists who are interested in acculturation ( are there any on this list ? please contact me at the email addres below ) could study global influences like the prevalence of fiction novels , hollywoood movies , tv ( cnn ) , and pop music to account for the spread of the english language in other cultures . since the study of culture and language go hand in hand , linguistics necessarily is a multidisciplinary field that would have to include sociological , historical , and psychological approaches . to coin a phrase that sums it up ( with apologies to albert einstein ) : cultural studies that ignore language are lame , and linguistics that ignores culture is blind hemant desai univ of nebraska - lincoln email : hdesai @ unl . edu
  """",0
  682,""""Subject: jobs in computational lexicography : portuguese , italian , dutch .
   
   temporary positions available in computational lexicography : portuguese , dutch , italian rank xerox research centre grenoble france the lexical technology development project at the rank xerox research centre ( near grenoble , france ) is seeking computational lexicographers for temporary positions in portuguese , dutch and italian . applicants should be native speakers of the language in question and should also be able to communicate reasonably well in french and english . the work will involve 1 ) testing existing morphological analyzers and generators 2 ) adding new baseforms to online lexicons 3 ) improving taggers , tokenizers , etc . applicants should be capable of making sophisticated judgments concerning category ( part-of - speech ) tagging , verb conjugation , noun and adjective inflection , the formation of diminutive , augmentative and superlative forms , etc . the italian and portuguese positions are estimated to last six months . the dutch position will last one month . for practical considerations , strong preference will be given to candidates from the e . e . c . , especially those who already live in the grenoble area and have valid french work permits . please address all applications and questions to : rank xerox research centre kenneth beesley 6 , chemin de maupertuis 38240 meylan , france or ken . beesley @ xerox . fr * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * kenneth r . beesley ken . beesley @ xerox . fr rank xerox research centre 6 , chemin de maupertuis 38240 meylan , france
  """",0
  683,""""Subject: job openings
   
   job openings re - posting : we have now filled one of these positions , but are still accepting applications . if you have interest in the positions , please do n't hesitate to call me at ( 309 ) 675-7339 . - - christine kamprath caterpillar inc . , the world 's leading manufacturer of heavy earthmoving equipment , and a major publisher and translator of technical publications worldwide , has three job openings for people to work on various aspects of implementing their automated machine translation ( amt ) system in their production writing and translating work environment . the three positions are these : 1 . caterpillar technical english ( cte ) language trainer 2 . cte language mentor 3 . amt coordinator the caterpillar amt system relies on controlled english input ( to be written in cte , a rich subset of the vocabulary and grammatical structures of english tailored to the needs of caterpillar 's technical documents ) , which is monitored by sophisticated linguistic software to be used by the writer as he / she writes technical documents . the cte language trainer and mentor will be expected to acquire a thorough understanding of cte and the linguistic editing software , assist in preparing and maintaining training materials and in developing writing guidelines , and provide assistance and mentoring to technical writers as they learn to use cte and the software . the trainer will conduct training classes for the technical writing staff . in addition to these training roles , the people filling these two positions will assist the cte / amt team in the ongoing development and maintenance of cte and the editing software . the role of the amt coordinator in the amt process is to oversee testing and integration of the amt system into the translations document production environment . the amt coordinator is to design and monitor quality assurance testing of amt output , identify and collect problem reports , and oversee routing and resolution of the issues raised . the amt coordinator will thus need to acquire a thorough knowledge of cte vocabulary and grammar , the cte editing software , amt grammar mechanisms , and the amt software , as well as have a familiarity with hardware and systems issues . in addition to these tasks , the amt coordinator will assist the cte / amt team in the ongoing development and maintenance of the cte and amt systems . minimally these positions involve the tasks listed here . however , people with greater background in linguistics and nlp would have the opportunity to participate deeply in these aspects of the project . this project is groundbreaking its scope and in its use of sgml tags within sentences to be parsed and translated . candidates for all three positions should possess knowledge and experience of general linguistic principles ; innovative interest in authoring and editing issues , substantive experience and / or ability in training and mentoring in grammar and software use , and excellent writing skills . the positions require a ba or ma in linguistics , english , or related discipline , skills in the above-mentioned areas , and native-speaker competence of english . a knowledge of sgml tagging , natural language processing issues and principles , and the terminology and mechanics of the heavy machinery industry would be very helpful . in addition , the amt coordinator position requires familiarity with translation issues of at least one of the languages addressed by the amt system ( romance languages , german , russian ) . applications , including a curriculum vitae or resume and the names of three references , should be sent to : dr . christine kamprath , senior computational linguist amt / cte project technical information division building n1-a180 600 w . washington street east peoria , il 61630-0371 screening for these positions has begun ; the positions will be staffed as soon as qualified candidates are found . applications may be sent by fax or mail ; queries will be accepted by phone or e-mail as well . e-mail : ckkz8d1 @ cat . com or ckampra @ heartland . bradley . edu fax : ( 309 ) 675-9773 phone : ( 309 ) 675-7339
  """",0
  684,""""Subject: postdoctoral fellowships in cognitive science available
   
   the institute for research in cognitive science ( ircs ) at the university of pennsylvania provides opportunities for several postdoctoral positions in cognitive science . the deadline for applications is february 1 , 1995 . to apply , please send a cover letter indicating your proposed research , including a statement about how you would benefit from working in our interdisciplinary environment , your resume , and have two or three referees send letters of reference directly to : postdoctoral fellow selection committee institute for research in cognitive science university of pennsylvania 400c 3401 walnut street philadelphia , pa 19104-6228 the university of pennsylvania is an affirmative action / equal opportunity employer .
  """",0
  685,""""Subject: sum : linguistics and imperialism
   
   some two weaks ago i posted a question on whether linguistics has it 's origin in imperialistic effords . i pointed to cases like arabic grammar , latin and sanskrit . ( the sanskrit case quite obviously did not fit ) o . k . , i put it in a provokative fashion , formulated more sharply than i really had it in mind . the reactions were vivid . the case of india ( sanskrit ) : it was pointed out that in the sanskrit case the concern was to preserve the """""""" correct """""""" language which was in danger of beeing lost otherwise which would have made religious texts unreadable . ( michael newman , karl v . teeter , mechthild reh , european cases : generally , the intention was more the emancipation from latin and / or to give the own country a status as respectable as the roman empire . ( michael newman , mechthild reh ) spanish : the first grammar was published 1492 , before the the concest of america , at the time of the fall of the kingdom of granada . ( michael newman ) nynorsk : the rise and conception of nynorsk ( landsmaal ) in norway in the 1800s was part of the nationalist reaction to danish rule ( imperialism ) . that 's a long story , but nynorsk never succeeded in dominating norway , i ' m afraid . ( jon hareide aarbakke ) linguistics as an emancipatory efford : ( mechthild reh , see gupta below , ) the term """""""" imperialistic """""""" : > i think it is inappropriate to use terms like > """""""" imperialist """""""" that only make sense once the conquest and > subjugation of > other peoples came to be seen as perhaps somewhat unethical . no > one at the times you were speaking of would have done that , so > the term is anachronistic . ( michael newman ) are linguists imperialists ? several people asked wheather i was thinking in that direction . i certainly do n't ! ! linguistics can help to answer lots of questions ( see the greek sophistic tradition ) . the question was more to what made any linguistic attempt suddenly beeing successful on a national level . thus , my idea refers more to linguistics beeing ( mis ) used than beeing evil . ( actually , i ' m a linguist as well ) . general aggreement : > grammar books in english came into being in the > 18th century , together with the early dictionaries , and > most people say that this is to do with the insecurity > of middle-class english speakers faced with a language > that was being latinised . and interestingly , the > british ventures to india and north america i think > also coincided with the period . ( i ' m afraid i have n't > really got the actual dates , so what i ' m giving is > from memory . ) > peter tan however , as anthea fraser gupta points out , > spence ( 18c orthoepist ) was a millenarian and an early socialist . he believed that if > everyone pronounced correctly , social discrimination based on accent > would disappear and everyone would be equal . then the millenium would > come , etc . > it seems to me that in general , conditions which favor imperialism > in a society might also favor the growth of all kinds of studies in > that society - - a society which can afford to work on expansion can > afford to support people who are functioning as intellectuals . > i also > think it 's natural that when a society goes through an imperialistic > phase , all kinds of resources which exist in that society are bent to > the purpose of supporting the imperialist expansion . marion kee > i 'd heard theories that prescriptionist grammar arose in the united > states as a way of reclaiming the diminishing boundries between the > social classes . an idiolect today can certainly reflect social class , > so i was curious about the early works . i found in these early english > grammars much more reference to religion and to past glories of the > language / english people than i would have guessed . in the 1700 's , it > appears that the justification of using well-constructed language > was that language was ( 1 ) an hommage to god , since most early > grammarians > apparently believed that language was a divine gift and the way to > separate man and beast , and ( 2 ) that the earlier idea of latin or > greek being a near-perfectly constructed language had shifted over to > english ; they believe that proper care of english had succeed in nearly > perfecting it , and the efforts must continue . tom mcclive > when a new science > is developped , the state always wants to use it in an imperialistic > way . the origin _ per se _ of the science is not imp . but its first > use ( the oldest we can still observe , at least ) is for the good of > the state . marc a . belanger tips for further reading : pennycook , alastair . 1989 . the concept of method , interested knowledge , and the politics of language teaching . tesol quarterly 23 : 589 . transactions of the philological society 1974 , 33-64 ( under the name anthea frser shields ) university of chicago press , _ the politics of linguistics _ .
  """",0
  686,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1240 internet - accessible linguistic data-sources
   
   internet - accessible linguistic data-sources we ' ve appended the list of linguistic resources we have so far . we know this is incomplete . can you help us find what 's missing - - and keep us informed of anything new that appears as time passes ? regards anthony & helen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ here below a www server related to a european lingua project . regards laurent * * * * * * * general sources of linguistic information * * * * * * * * automatic parallel concordancing in six european community languages ( lingua project ) http : / / www . loria . fr / exterieur / equipe / dialogue / lingua / lingua . html _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ laurent romary ( romary @ loria . fr ) equipe dialogue crin-cnrs & inria lorraine batiment loria , b . p . 239 f - 54506 vandoeuvre les nancy tel : 83 59 20 37 fax : 83 41 30 79
  """",0
  687,""""Subject: seeing the barn red
   
   an ad by yale university press in the latest issue of the new york review of books announces a volume of poetry by valerie wohlfeld entitled thinking the world visible . perhaps the poet has been reading this list . bob rothstein ( rar @ slavic . umass . edu )
  """",0
  688,""""Subject: nels fall conference dates
   
   next year 's nels conference will be jointly hosted by harvard university and mit . we are hoping to set the conference for a date when it will not conflict with other major , or nearby conferences . if you are hosting such a conference next fall , and have already set a date , please send me e-mail by wednesday , nov . 16 . martha jo mcginnis , mit
  """",0
  689,""""Subject: info re : wilhelm von timroth
   
   is there somebody who could help me to get in touch with wilhelm von timroth , a german slavist / sociolinguist ? i ' ve checked lists and nameservers that i know of , without success . i have a copy of his ( translated ) dissertation from the philosophy faculty of ludwig - maximilians university , munich and believe he may still be in munich . many thanks in advance . mark pepevnak department of linguistics university of toronto ( pepevnak @ epas . utoronto . ca )
  """",0
  690,""""Subject: universals
   
   suppose i have a language which inflects verbs for person , number , and sometimes gender of subject , inflects nps for case and number , has freeish word order , and commonly """""""" drops """""""" subject pronouns and in which there is a special inflection on verbs which indicates that the understood subject is impersonal and no overt subject phrase ( full np or pronoun ) can then occur , but otherwise everything is the same as with normal verb forms . would such a language violate anybody 's favorite universals in any current framework .
  """",0
  691,""""Subject: query : writing and phonology
   
   are there many languages with contrastive vowel length which dont represent vowel length in the writing system ? this does happen when someone with a poor understanding of the language devises a writing system for it from outside , or when a vowel length language adopts a writing system from a non-vowel - length language , but i would be interested to hear of cases of indigenous writing systems that ignore such an important aspect of phonology . the reason for my interest is korean . it is often said to have contrastive vowel length , at least in certain word-pairs , and yet it does not show it in the script . the fact it doesnt - coupled with the fact that native speakers have difficulty picking which word has the long vowel - seems to me like an argument for treating the distinction as one of accent or stress rather than vowel length . but the argument depends on how common it is for writing systems to ignore vowel length . what do people think ? reply to me and i ' ll make a summary of responses if there are several . thanks helen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hfraser @ metz . une . edu . au ( 129 . 180 . 4 . 1 ) helen fraser ( dr ) dept of linguistics university of new england armidale nsw 2351 australia phone 067 73 2128 / 3189 fax 067 73 3735
  """",0
  692,""""Subject: women 's studies , northern illinois university
   
   position announcement northern illinois university women 's studies program director northern illinois university invites applications for a full-time director of its women 's studies program . the program is administratively housed in the college of liberal arts and sciences and offers general education courses , an undergraduate minor , and a graduate-level concentration . it enjoys student and faculty involvement from through-out the university . the director will have limited teaching responsibilities and opportunities for teaching in advanced women 's studies courses and in the candidate 's academic discipline . with the assistance of the program advisory committee , the director is responsible for budget , planning , curriculum design and scheduling , and for representing the program on university-level committees . doctorate or terminal degree in academic discipline required . ph . d . in women 's studies or in a discipline central to women 's studies and administrative experience preferred . candidates also must exhibit a strong record of effective teaching and research with credentials appropriate to a tenure-track associate professor position . interests in intersections of race , class , and gender and / or cross-cultural perspectives on women , program development , multi-cultural curriculum transformation , and student advising especially desirable . minorities , persons with disabilities , and women are encouraged to apply . twelve month contract . salary commensurate with qualifications . send application letter , vita , and have three letters of recommendation forwarded to : chair , director search committee women 's studies program northern illinois university dekalb , illinois 60115-2854 deadline : all application materials must be received by february 1 , 1995 . northern illinois university is an affirmative action / equal opportunity employer .
  """",0
  693,""""Subject: university of alabama , ma-tesol program
   
   the department of english of the university of alabama invites applications for a tenure track assistant professor position in our m . a . - tesol program , starting in august of 1995 . duties include teaching ( 2 courses / semester ) , research and service ; our m . a . - tesol faculty work closely with our colleagues in ua 's english language institute ( eli ) . a ph . d . in applied linguistics or tesol is required , with strengths in language teaching methodology and second language acquisition theory . competence in at least one other language is expected , and international teaching experience is highly desirable . preference will be given to candidates who have an interest in working with our faculty in rhetoric and composition , and who would welcome collaboration with colleagues in foreign language departments through our emerging m . a . t . program in the college of arts and sciences . we will also give preference to candidates with an interest in classroom-oriented research , who see research opportunities in ( 1 ) our large freshman composition program with separate sections for non-native english speakers , ( 2 ) ua 's independently-administered intensive eli with a large internal program and frequent external programs , and ( 3 ) ua 's well-developed self-instructional language program ( critical languages ) . located on the black warrior river in west-central alabama , tuscaloosa is a university town of about 100 , 000 people with a mild climate and reasonable living costs . we are 50 miles southwest of birmingham and within a half day 's drive of atlanta , the great smoky mountains , nashville , memphis , new orleans and the gulf coast . send letter of application , c . v . , names of 3 references , and any representative publications to catherine davies , chair of the tesol search committee , dept . of english , box 870244 , university of alabama , tuscaloosa , alabama , 35487-0244 . the university of alabama is an affirmative action / equal opportunity employer . the search will remain open until the position is filled ; however , the search committee will begin reviewing applications on dec . 1 , 1994 . there is a possibility that we may interview at the lsa meeting in new orleans ( as well as at the aaal / tesol meetings in long beach if necessary ) ; applicants should let us know about their conference plans . catherine e . davies dept . of english , box 870244 university of alabama tuscaloosa , alabama 35487-0244 ( 205 ) 348-9522
  """",0
  694,""""Subject: university of durham : chair in japanese
   
   you may know that there is now a generative linguistics department at the university of durham ( m davenport , j emonds , sj hannahs , bd schwartz m tallerman , m young - scholten + elt specialists ) . the japanese programme is now also expanding . however , the only present lecturer of japanese is w mcclure , formal semantics ( cornell phd - - and longtime organiser of tas in japanese there ) . mcclure is presently the basis of enlarging japanese in an east asian department , which before now has focused on chinese . now , a new japanese professorship is open . a curious characteristic of the university of durham is that searches for staff members are set up to last literally for days rather than weeks . as a loyal member of the linguistics department , no further comment on this strange fact of life . nonetheless , the administration is honestly determined to hire from the best candidates - - but of course , this means everything is done in no ( or dammed little ) time . thus , an absolutely top candidate is being searched for - - within two weeks . the closing date is 2 dec . the preferred area is history , literature , politics or social studies within japanese studies . however , a good solid sociolinguist , even one with a generative component , might compare very well with whatever other candidates this brief search unearths . that is , the very brevity of the search can favour a candidate not quite in the core area being sought . in fact , not ' can ' but ' will ' - - and has , and is the key to this message . lots of publications are the main thing . moreover , durham is also a bit short on top women staff . a sociolinguistic woman professor of japanese might sit quite well as a candidate . might be a nice sideways move to get around the glass ceiling in one 's own country - - a quick move up ( what the heck if the food is n't so great , it 's damp , there 's no good showers , etc . ) . look at that list of linguists above , and consider all the linguistic events , conferences , research grants , etc . that have recently involved durham . the people above are friendly too . post begins 1 oct . 1995 or as soon as possible thereafter . send a cv , as detailed as possible , with full career history and publications and any grants awarded , and a covering letter to : mr . jack boyd , director of personnel university of durham old shire hall durham dh1 3hp uk include the names , addresses , tel . and fax numbers of 3 referees , and indicate dates in jan . and feb . when you could not be present in durham for interview . only uk residents need to send 5 copies ; all others just one . there is also a special form ( 1 page ) which mr . boyd will send you ( or a linguist at this e-mail address will fax it to you if you send us a small note as to who you are ) .
  """",0
  695,""""Subject: query on unpublished manuscripts by prince , etc .
   
   dear linguists ! can anyone please help me in finding the following manuscripts : mccarthy , j . & a . prince . 1993 . prosodic morphology i . ms . u . mass . , rutgers . prince , a . & p . smolensky . 1993 . optimality theory . ms . u . colorado , rutgers . zubizarreta , m . l . 1993 . some prosodically motivated syntactic operations . ms . usc . any help would be appreciated ! * * * * * * * * * * michael voeltz * * * * * * * * * * * * institut fuer anglistik und amerikanistik * * philipps - universitaet marburg * * wilhelm - roepke - str . 6d * * 35032 marburg * * germany * * tel . : 06421 / 285578 * * email : voeltz @ mailer . uni-marburg . de * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  696,""""Subject: german-english automatic translator
   
   dear fellows , we are looking for an automatic translator of german - english . something to which a user can send texts in one of this languages and receive the translation into the other language . it can be a semi-automatic software where the translation is not ' high-end ' , but with quality enough to save some work to an office secretary . do someone know where to find ( shareware preferably ) such a software ? thanks , a . santos = = adelino santos - fraunhofer institute for computer graphics ( fhg - igd ) dept . of cooperative and hypermedia systems wilhelminenstr . 7 tel : + 49 6151 155239 64283 darmstadt fax : + 49 6151 155299 germany mail : santos @ igd . fhg . de
  """",0
  697,""""Subject: prototypical vso lg ?
   
   i need good examples of """""""" consistent """""""" vso language for the typology chapter in an introductory textbook of linguistics . can anyone on the list name such a language and , if possible , provide me with concrete word order data ? by """""""" consitent vso language """""""" i mean one which exhibit all the following features : 1 ) the predicate verb generally occurs sentence-initially : e . g . kills mary bear . went john to school . 2 ) the attributive adjective follows the head noun : e . g . girl beautiful child small 3 ) the numeral follows the head noun : e . g . child ( ren ) three girl ( s ) ten 4 ) the genitive attribute follows the head noun : e . g . car john 's house father 's 5 ) the language is prepositional . e . g . in house on table or am i perhaps mistaken in assuming that a """""""" prototypical """""""" vso language should show all of the above mentioned features ? thank you in advance for enlightening me . kazuto matsumura kmatsum @ tansei . cc . u-tokyo . ac . jp - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ilcaa , tokyo university of foreign studies nishigahara 4-51 - 21 , kita - ku , tokyo 114 japan tel : + 81 - 3-5974 - 3801 fax : + 81 - 3-5974 - 3838 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  698,""""Subject: franz boas
   
   dear fellow linguists . i am a graduate student in taichung , taiwan . recently , i am interested in boas ' life , personality , and work . it is not easy to find the materials about him here . could anyone of you give me some suggestions , ( maybe ) materials . thank you so much for your good advices . rose huang
  """",0
  699,""""Subject: bloomfield
   
   dear fellow linguists , i am a student at a graduate institute in taichung , taiwan . i specially interested in austronisian languages . presently , i am doing my research on the yami language in the orchid island . however , i develope a great interest in the life and work of leonard bloomfield , too . and i would like to learn from his example in my own study and research . i had seen that it is not easy to find materials about bloomfield 's personality , contributions , background , and works . does anyone of you have an idea how i should proceed or can you give me some materials relating to him ? thank you so much . amy wang
  """",0
  700,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1305 qs : canadian american , ipa - fonts for dos , genre analysis ,
   
   it may be of general interest to note some differences between canadian and american accents , bearing in mind that both types of accents vary quite a bit , and that what is characteristic of some parts of canada may be characteristic of some parts of the us . for example , one of the most widespread characteristics of canadian english is the merger of short o and long open o , e . g . , hock vs . hawk . although this is also characteristic of certain areas of the us , they are generally not contiguous with the canadian areas of the merger . thus , most of the us border area with canada maintains a distinction . this , then , is a striking contrast , geographically , between canada and the adjacent us at most points . the stereotypical canadian feature , for canadians themselves , and for others who know ( including those who must have handed the canadians their self-stereotype ) is the pronunciation of / aw / as in """""""" out """""""" , """""""" house """""""" , etc . the nucleus is mid rather than low , so that it sounds something like long o as in """""""" oat """""""" as spoken by standard british or philadelphian speakers . commonalities between canada and the adjacent us , similar to the last mentioned feature , is the raising of the nucleus of / ay / as in """""""" right """""""" . this seems to keep getting discussed in the context of causing a vowel contrast between """""""" writer """""""" and """""""" rider """""""" . the canadian and upstate ny contrast has to do with height along the center of vowel space , rather than along the periphery ( central vs . back nucleus ) as in new york city . upstate ny at least , though , seems to be distinct in canada by the more extreme raising of the nucleus of / ay / , and it often sound fronted , as if like a more widespread american / ey / sound , as in """""""" eight """""""" . canada is more extreme than the adjacent us in its raising ( from low to mid ) of the / aw / nucleus - the stereotype i discussed above . i have not seen discussion elsewhere of how canadian english deals with short o before r in open syllables . more than most american dialects , it lengthens and raises them to merge with long o , so that """""""" sorry """""""" rhymes with """""""" story """""""" . this is rare for the words """""""" sorry """""""" , """""""" sorrow """""""" , """""""" borrow """""""" and a few others across us dialects , although it is general in r-ful areas for """""""" forest """""""" , """""""" orange """""""" and most such words . in this case , the adjacent us dialects , e . g . , northern wisconsin , agree with canada , so that there is a continuum , not the striking border distinction observed for the hock : hawk merger . that 's enough , although i welcome observations on other and more localised canadian and border us dialects . as for the british , when they have an american actor and do n't want to make anything out of the fact that he 's american in a film , they call him canadian - - in order to explain the accent . apparently they do n't hear the difference - - i guess they only hear flapped t 's , but think americans have to be stereotyped as characters , while canadians have more latitude .
  """",0
  701,""""Subject: lat . amer . indian lit . symposium
   
   call for papers 12th international symposium on latin american indian literatures 19-23 june 1995 universidad nacional autonoma de mexico , mexico city topics / presentation time the development of topics may be from the perspective of anthropology , art , astronomy , architecture , bibliography , codices , history , ethnohistory , indigenista literature , linguistics , literary studies , medicine , religion , rock art , etc . , and must be clearly and directly related to indigenous literatures . delivery time shall be 30 minutes followed by 10 minutes for questions . abstracts / deadline to be considered , four copies ( typewritten , double spaced ) of a 150-200 word abstract in english or spanish should be sent to : monica barnes , program chair , 377 rector place , apt . 11j , new york , ny 10280 . please include your name , complete address , phone number , and fax ( if you have one ) on the abstract . 1995 dues of $ 25 . 00 ( $ 5 . 00 for students or retirees ) must be paid to laila / alila or accompany the abstract along with the symposium fee of $ 45 . 00 ( $ 12 . 00 for students or retirees ) . ( if this presents difficulties , contact the program chair . ) please make check payable to laila / alila . the absolute deadline for the receipt of abstracts is jan . 31 , 1995 . since many individuals must have confirmation at an earlier date in order to secure funding from their institutions , each abstract will be evaluated by referees and notification will be mailed to the submitter within six weeks after receipt . excursions : 16-18 june 1995 to teotihuacan , cacaxtla , tlaxcala , and museums in mexico city . publication of selected symposium papers papers will be evaluated by three referees and chosen for quality and development of the topic . for information about laila / alila membership , contact dr . mary h . preuss president , laila / alila the pennsylvania state university , mckeesport university drive mckeesport , pa 15132-7698 e - mail contact : ron anderson united states international university san diego , ca 92131 randerso @ sanac . usiu . edu
  """",0
  702,""""Subject: call for papers
   
   call for papers 1st annual conference on spanish for native speakers : new directions for the 21st century may 17-19 , 1995 department of languages and linguistics new mexico state university , las cruces , new mexico sponsored by the institute of spanish for native speakers director : cecilia rodriguez pino supported by the college of arts and sciences and the minority recruitment and retention committee , nmsu abstract deadline : january 16 , 1995 call for papers which focus on , but are not limited to : * empirical research in the sns classroom * sns theory which deals with education at the primary , secondary and university levels * integration of chicano literature in the sns classroom * content based instruction * research in related fields which impacts sns theory , curriculum and outcome assessment also included will be a publishers / authors working session send a one page abstract to : daniel villa , chair sns organizing committee dept . of languages and linguistics , nmsu las cruces , new mexico 88003 ( 505 ) 646-1230 , fax ( 505 ) 646-7876 internet : dvilla @ nmsu . edu bitnet : dvilla @ nmsuvm1 if possible , please submit abstracts by e-mail * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * working papers of the institute of spanish for native speakers editors : cecilia rodriguez pino and daniel villa a selection of papers presented at the conference on spanish for native speaker : new directions for the 21st century , will be published in a series of working papers to be housed at the institute of spanish for native speakers at new mexico state university . this series is dedicated to facilitating communication and to sharing information among those interested in issues relating to the teaching of spanish to native speakers of the language . authors will retain the copyright to their papers . papers should be submitted on disk , either in wordperfect , nota bene or ascii format , and should follow the guidelines of the mla handbook . a principal goal of the working papers is to make the accepted works available in as timely a manner as possible ; submitting papers in electronic format will facilitate the publication process . copies of the working papers will be available in hard copy , on disk , or on-line through ftp ( file transfer protocol ) . we strongly encourage those interested in obtaining copies to consider electronic formats , in order to minimize the impact on scarce resources . the cost of copies on paper and on disk will be announced at the conference . papers must be submitted to the editors by june 1 , 1995 , for consideration for publication . please send to the institute of spanish for native speakers , box 30001 , dept . 3l , nmsu , las cruces , nm 88003 , or submit in person at the conference .
  """",0
  703,""""Subject: cfp - recent advances in nlp
   
   mov """""""" ( kivs @ bgearn . bitnet ) , """""""" galja angelova """""""" ( galja @ bgearn . bitnet ) , """""""" george gargov """""""" ( gargov @ bitnet . bgearn ) , """""""" dan tufis """""""" < tufis @ roearn . ici . ac . ro > , ( tufis % roearn . ici . ro @ net . eu . rlay ) , """""""" pascal vaillant """""""" ( tapfer @ thomson-lcr . fr ) , < vaillant @ limsi . fr > , """""""" nikolay vazov """""""" ( vazov @ fr . limsi ) , nlpeople @ aisb , nlpeople @ cogsci , elsnet-list @ ed . cogsci , aisb @ sussex . cogs , bulg . gm @ applelink . apple . com , acl @ edu . columbia . cs , ikbsbb @ rl . inf , fj-ai @ jp . go . etl , linguist @ edu . tamu . tamvm1 , ln @ bitnet . frmop11 , nl-kr @ edu . rpi . cs , humanist @ edu . brown . brownvm , ln-fr @ bitnet . frmop11 , arpanet-bboard @ edu . mit . lcs . mc , ir-l @ bitnet . uccmvsa , """""""" eastern ( europe ) language engineering """""""" ( m5675 @ ie . eurokom ) , nl-kr @ com . sunnyside . ai , empiricists @ csli . stanford . edu , ectl-sub @ snowhite . cis . uoguelph . ca , corpora @ hd . uib . no , jqrqc @ cunyvm . cuny . edu , salt @ cstr . ed . ac . uk international conference """""""" recent advances in natural language processing """""""" 14-16 september 1995 velingrad , bulgaria topics of interest : papers reporting on recent advances in all aspects of natural language processing and language engineering are invited , including but not limited to : pragmatics , discourse , semantics , syntax , and the lexicon ; phonetics , phonology , and morphology ; text understanding and generation ; multilingual nlp , machine translation , machine-aidedf { { { { translation , translation aids and tools ; corpus-based language processing ; written and spoken natural language interfaces ; knowledge acquisition ; text summarization ; computer-assisted language learning ; language resources ; evaluation , assessment and standards in language engineering ; and theoretical and application-oriented papers related to nlp of every kind . the conference welcomes also new results in nlp based on modern alternative theories and methodologies to the mainstream techniques of symbolic nlp such as analogy-based , statistical , connectionist as well as hybrid and multimedia approaches . in general , the conference especially welcomes any contribution to the area of language engineering in view of the imminent developments in information technology . program committee : b . boguraev ( apple computer , cupertino ) c . boitet ( imag , grenoble ) k . s . choi ( kaist , taejon ) a . deroeck ( university of essex ) r . delmonte ( university of venice ) s . fincher ( university of edinburgh ) e . haijcova ( charles university , prague ) j . haller ( iai , saarbruecken ) p . jacobs ( sra , arlington ) a . joshi ( university of pennsylvania ) l . kartunen ( xerox grenoble ) m . kay ( xerox , palo alto ) r . kittredge ( university of montreal ) k . kukich ( bellcore , morristown ) j . mariani ( limsi , orsay ) c . martin - vide ( university rovira i virgili ) y . matsumoto ( nara institute of science and technology ) k . mckeown ( columbia university ) r . mitkov ( iai / institute of mathematics ) s . nirenburg ( new mexico state university ) h . somers ( umist , manchester ) p . seuren ( university of nijmegen ) o . stock ( irst , trento ) b . tsou ( city polytechnic of hong kong ) j . tsujii ( umist , manchester ) d . tufis ( romanian academy of sciences ) m . zock ( lismi , orsay ) invited speakers : a . joshi ( university of pennsylvania ) j . tsujii ( umist , manchester ) . paper submission : papers not exceeding 3500 words should be submitted via email ( preferably as plain text ) not later than 20 april 1995 to : ruslan @ iai . uni-sb . de the first page should also contain the surface and email address ( es ) of the author ( s ) , as well as the topic area . submission media : papers should be submitted electronically or in hard copy to : ruslan mitkov iai martin - luther str . 14 d-66111 saarbruecken germany if electronic submission is problematic ( e . g . due to non-standard format , characters , graphics ) not possible , 4 copies of the paper should be sent . schedule : authors must submit their papers by 20 april 1995 . notification of receipt will be mailed to the first author ( or designated author ) soon after receipt . authors will be notified of acceptance by 20 june 1995 . camera - ready versions of the accepted papers , preferably using a laser printer , must be received by 20 july 1995 . location : the town of velingrad is situated in a picturesque valley in the western rhodope mountains and is only 130km from sofia , the capital of bulgaria . the local organizers will provide a daily shuttle bus / conference taxi from sofia airport to the conference location at an inexpensive rate . sofia is easily accessible by plane from most of the major european cities ( e . g . daily flights or several flights per week from london , frankfurt , paris , zurich , vienna and other european cities ) . there are also direct flights to sofia from north america ( washington ) and asia ( singapore , bangkok , kuala lumpur ) . organizing committee : ruslan mitkov iai saarbruecken / institute of mathematics , sofia michael zock limsi , orsay , france manfred kudlek university of hamburg , germany nikolai nikolov incoma / school of computational linguistics , bulgaria nicolas nicolov dept . of ai , university of edinburgh , uk conference information : for further information contact : nicolas nicolov dept of artificial intelligence university of edinburgh 80 south bridge edinburgh eh1 1hn nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk tel : + 44-131 650 2727 fax : + 44-131 650 6516 anyone wishing to arrange an exhibit or present a demonstration should send a brief description together with a specification of physical requirements ( space , power , telephone connections , tables , etc . ) to the above address . the organisers can provide pcs and macintoshes . www and ftp : information about the international conference """""""" recent advances in natural language processing """""""" is available via : - www at url : http : / / www . dai . ed . ac . uk / misc / nlp _ conf . html - anonymous ftp from ftp . dai . ed . ac . uk in file : pub / user / adv _ nlp . ps here is an example of how to get the same file by ftp ( user input is underlined ) : $ ftp ftp . dai . ed . ac . uk ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ name ( ftp . dai . ed . ac . uk : nicolas ) : anonymous ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ password : ( - type in your email here ! ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ftp ) cd pub / user ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ftp ) get adv _ nlp . ps ( - postscript version ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ftp ) get adv _ nlp . txt ( - plain text file ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ related events : conference participants are also invited to take part in the international summer school """""""" contemporary topics in computational linguistics """""""" , which will take place just before the conference in tzigov chark , batak lake , only 20 km from velingrad . further information about the summer school can be obtained from prof . r . mitkov ( ruslan @ iai . uni-sb . de ) or nicolas nicolov ( nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk ) industrial participants / publishing companies : industrial participants are invited to demonstrate their nlp - related products as well as publishing companies to exhibit their new books on nlp . company representatives should inform nicolas nicolov ( nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk ) of their intention and publishing houses should contact dr . r . mitkov ( ruslan @ iai . uni-sb . de ) .
  """",0
  704,""""Subject: * diachronica *
   
   moderators ' note in the interests of a balanced exchange of views , we publish the following reply to a posting by sheila embleton , an editor of diachronica . interchanges of this nature , however , are best carried out in forums other than linguist , and this will thus be our last posting on the topic . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * i am not sure why sheila embleton chose to attack me on linguist but briefly * diachronica * has accepted for publication a paper in which i am attacked personally - - and basically described as an idiot - - on the basis of remarks i made ( or am alleged to have made ) during oral discussion at a conference in ypsilanti last year . i have repeatedly told the author of the paper as well as the editors of * diachronica * that i consider this a rather dubious form of scholarship : i think people should be criticized on the basis of published statements , not oral remarks which cannot be checked for accuracy . moreover , criticizing in print remarks made at a conference during discussions is bound to have a chilling effect on such discussions . * diachronica * chose to disagree , and when i asked for an opportunity to respond to these attacks , i was told that they would not only not accept any rebuttal from me , they would not even consider one by me ( or even a coauthored one by me and others ) , and that furthermore they would not consider any submissions from me whatsoever for a period of at least 2 years . i have no objections to journals which have a policy of not allowing replies or which have a policy of limiting the number of publications by the same person , but in this case no existing policy was cited . as far as i can tell , some of the folks at * diachronica * just decided they do n't like me anymore . which still does not mean that they have the right to publish stuff that comes to close to being slanderous or , i think , to refuse people who have been maligned in print the right to reply ( however briefly ) . alexis manaster ramer
  """",0
  705,""""Subject: re : """""""" snow """""""" 1 / 2
   
   about snow . . . first , i should apologize to tony for misunderstanding his cocktail advice - - his derivation of the origins of my misunderstanding is correct . second , i think that quotations from boas / whorf are very helpful and a good reminder to those of us in this debate . third , as to the question of whether or not sleet is related to snow . i do n't agree . it is , i agree , related ( and would be defined in relation to ) water , but ( at least i and a few other students that i asked ) would n't define it as a form of snow ( ditto for freezing rain ) . fourth , i agree with tony that """""""" counting """""""" has to be mediated by many considerations of grammatical structure in the compared languages and spread of the form in the speech community . but , i do n't think that this wipes out the ( admittedly small , but original ) point . fifth , i ' m going to sidestep the issue over ' lexicalization ' vs . ' complex construction ' because i do n't think that i share the same view as others on the importance / necessity of this distinction - - indeed , it is a bit ironic that another implication of sapir / whorf is that the view that our language is made up out of ' words ' and ' grammar ' ( constructions ) is precisely the kind of objectification , which we would expect and which formal distributional analyses show to be a simplification ) . as jonathan states , """""""" figuring out just what counts as a simple , lexicalised form is * very * hard in yup ' ik , given that it has a rich , higly productive derivational morphology """""""" . i agree and the answer would eventually have to draw lines along continua that i do n't think will be labelled ' lexical ' vs . ' construct ' ( and sapir offered some nice theoretical machinery for these kinds of comparative distinctions too ) . i still see only four ' arbitrary and unmotivated ' forms that deal specifically with 's now ' ( i . e . , snow , slush , blizzard , flurry ) . i ' ll leave it to others to decide whether or not various dialects of eskimo have more or less , but even if the point should fail here it still has life to it . so , i still find myself agreeing with the original insight . the point - - and not all that it has been used to argue - - has always seemed obvious to me . perhaps if we narrow the scope of the relevant speech community and bring it closer to home , it is easier to see . would n't we all accept the idea that _ on average _ lawyers ( vs . non-lawyers ) have more distinct forms for legal concepts than do others outside this community / culture ? ( and , of course , what we mean by distinct forms implies all of the complex relative distinctions hinted at above ) . similarly to take an example i know more about , statistically speaking arabs have more arbitrary and unmotivated forms for camels than english speakers ( even accounting for differences in the syntactico-semantic structures of the two languages ) . why does this simple - - and to be honest relatively uninteresting - - idea seem to bother people so much ? douglas j . glick department of anthropology vassar college doglick @ vassar . edu
  """",0
  706,""""Subject: call for book proposals
   
   sage publications is seeking to expand its line of books and journals in the areas of theoretical linguistics , applied linguistics , psycholingusitics , computational linguistics , sociolinguistics , and cognitive linguistics . if you have a book or journal idea , or have considered writing a book or starting a journal , please read on . sage is a well known publisher within the fields of methodology , sociology , psychology , communication , evaluation , anthropology , and a variety of other disciplines and professions . you may be familiar with our quantitative applications in the social sciences series , also known as the """""""" little green books . """""""" for a book to be of interest to sage it must meet two criteria : 1 . it must be good work based on sound scholarship , and preferably break new ground ; 2 . it must have a reasonable prospect of selling several thousand copies over the 3 - 5 year life of an edition . the successful sage book will draw its audience from one or more of the following sources : 1 . the book might be a primary textbook for an undergraduate or graduate course . 2 . the book might be supplemental reading in an upper division undergraduate or graduate course , or one of several books assigned to a seminar . 3 . the book may serve as a reference work or be used for professional development , i . e . , a book bought by a scholar to serve as a reference or as an introduction to a subject . 4 . the book may be used as a tutorial by graduate students or for continuing education by professionals and scholars . 5 . the book may be purchased by libraries ( generally a function of topic relevance and a positive book review . ) i plan to attend both the mla conference in san diego and the lsa conference in new orleans . if you would like to contact me before the meetings , i can be reached at sage : j . alex schwartz linguistics editor sage publications , inc . thousand oaks , ca 91320 ( 805 ) 499 ? 0721 or e - mail c / o cat _ mcglothlin @ sagepub . com
  """",0
  707,""""Subject: uk linguists : invitation
   
   i am forwarding the following message on behalf of the people who are responsible for inspecting teaching in all our linguistics departments . please circulate to colleagues who do n't subscribe to linguist . xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx """""""" 18 november 1994 1995-96 higher education quality assessment programme as you may be aware , the higher education funding council for england ( hefce ) is required under the terms of the further and higher education act 1992 to secure that provision is made for assessing the quality of education in institutions for whose activities they provide financial support . the council has welcomed this obligation and sees assessment of education as a vitally important part of its work . assessments are carried out within specific subject areas and assessors , who are experts in their fields , visit institutions to judge the quality of the student learning experience that they observe . one of the eight subjects to be covered in the 1995-96 programme is linguistics . other subjects which are included and which could be linked in assessment with linguistics are german & related languages , french , russian & eastern european languages , italian , and iberian . the subject specialist assessors must have industrial , commercial or professional experience in their subject , coupled with a broad knowledge of higher education : it is unlikely that anyone at a junior level will have sufficient authority . the minimum commitment will be to take part in four assessments visits between april 1995 and september 1996 ( a total commitment of 20 days of which just 14 will require an absence from the workplace ) . each specialist assessor will be paid a per diem rate of l150 including vat , and travel and subsistence costs will be met by the council . full training will , of course , be received by assessors aimed at developing their assessment skills . this focuses particular attention on role and use of self-assessments , and on the conduct of assessment activities , including the protocol to be observed when carrying out assessment visits . further particulars on the role of subject specialist assessors can be found in circular 33 / 94 which has been sent to all he institutions in england , scotland and northern ireland . if any members of your association would be interested in becoming assessors , or even simply in finding out more about the role of an assessor without committing themselves , there is an informal meeting on 5 december in london and two others on 6 and 12 december in birmingham at which they would be most welcome . in which case , please contact shirley cook on 0272 317461 as soon as possible . """""""" xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx please do not send inquiries etc to me - i ' m just the postman ! dick hudson dept of phonetics and linguistics , university college london , gower street , london wc1e 6bt uclyrah @ ucl . ac . uk
  """",0
  708,""""Subject: 
   
   a n n o u n c i n g cunyforum 18 , summer 1994 journal of working papers in linguistics , cuny graduate center c o n t e n t s the development of dominican vernacular spanish - - kate green the pragmatics of verbal abuse - - edgar a . gregersen parsing japanese relative clauses : raising or lowering ? - - yuki hirose the interpretation of case - deleted sentences in japanese - - mana kobuchi - philip what is innate about functional categories ? - - ingeborg lasser language contact in sao tome and principe ( west africa ) - - gerardo a . lorenzino a comparative morphosyntactic study of the restructured portuguese of africa and brazil - - heliana r . mello artificial cognition and language - - john a . moyne * * * subscription rates : regular $ 10 ; students $ 5 ; institutions $ 20 ; overseas add $ 10 . send checks to : cunyforum ; linguistics department ; cuny graduate center ; 33 west 42nd street ; new york , ny 10036 . other inquiries to emfgc @ cunyvm . cuny . edu .
  """",0
  709,""""Subject: 
   
   poetics - journal of empirical research on literature , media and the arts - edited by : c . j . van rees , the netherlands . """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" contents : volume 22 ( 1994 ) no . 5 h . verdaasdonk analogies as tools for classifying and appraising literary texts . d . s . miall & d . kuiken foregrounding , defamiliarization , and affect : response to literary stories . m . hayward genre recognition of history and fiction . d . f . rossen - knill toward a pragmatics for literary interpretation . """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" published by elsevier science - north holland for enquiries & free sample copy - freesamples @ elsevier . co . uk
  """",0
  710,""""Subject: seeing the barn red
   
   all right , since we ' re putting in anomalies : how about the difference between """""""" jane imagined her spoon bent """""""" and """""""" uri geller imagined his spoon bent """""""" ? mark a . mandel dragon systems , inc . : speech recognition : + 1 617 965-5200 320 nevada st . : newton , mass . 02160 , usa : mark @ dragonsys . com
  """",0
  711,""""Subject: who animal in russian etc .
   
   jules 's point about animacy in the grammar of russian does not explain why russians use * kto * ' who ' for asking about varieties of animals ( as in * kto tebja ukusil * , lit . ' who bit you ' , where english and many other lgs would have ' what ' ) . the problem is that polish has the same grammar of animacy in other respects but would not use ' who ' for animals that way ( as far as i can tell ) . alexis mr
  """",0
  712,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1304 sum : linguistics and imperialism
   
   on wed , 16 nov 1994 , the linguist list wrote : ) > grammar books in english came into being in the ) > 18th century , ) > peter tan ) that may be true of america , but in england there were already a fair number in the 16th century , and more in the 17th century . just a couple of historical examples that surely make it hard to see any necessary relation between linguistics and imperialism : von humboldt , at a time when germany did n't even exist as a nation baudoin de courtenay , at a time when poland ditto in fact , i would have thought that proponents of critical language awareness would see linguistics as potentially an instrument of liberation . it 's a truism that science can be used for good or bad ; we seem to have found another case in point . richard ingham
  """",0
  713,""""Subject: reminder iwcs
   
   * * * r e m i n d e r * * * international workshop on computational semantics december 19-21 , 1994 , tilburg , the netherlands the institute for language technology and artificial intelligence will host a workshop on computational semantics that will take place in tilburg , the netherlands , from 19 - 21 december 1994 . the aim of the workshop is to bring together researchers involved in all aspects of computational semantics of natural language . hotel - rooms can be booked through the iwcs secretariat ( see the form below ) , but , if one intends to , it is advisable to do so shortly , taking into account the upcoming holidays . preliminary schedule ( tilburg university , room az9 ) monday december 19 09 . 00-09 . 45 hrs registration at the hall of building b 09 . 45-10 . 00 hrs opening by harry bunt ( itk , tilburg ) 10 . 00-10 . 40 hrs allan ramsay ( ireland ) """""""" the co - operative lexicon """""""" 10 . 40-10 . 55 hrs coffee 10 . 55-11 . 35 hrs chris fox ( uk ) """""""" discourse representation , type theory and property theory """""""" 11 . 35-12 . 15 hrs rene ahn ( the netherlands ) """""""" dynamic knowledge states in type theory """""""" 12 . 15-13 . 45 hrs lunch 13 . 45-14 . 25 hrs henk zeevat ( the netherlands ) """""""" questions and exhaustivity in update semantics """""""" 14 . 25-15 . 05 hrs rodger kibble ( scotland ) """""""" dynamics of epistemic modality and anaphora """""""" 15 . 05-15 . 45 hrs matthew stone ( usa ) """""""" the reference argument of epistemic ` must ' """""""" 15 . 45-16 . 00 hrs tea 16 . 00-16 . 40 hrs leon verschuur ( the netherlands ) """""""" agreement and dynamic semantics in hpsg """""""" 16 . 40-17 . 20 hrs jonathan ginzberg ( scotland ) """""""" an update semantics for dialogue """""""" 17 . 20 hrs drinks tuesday december 20 09 . 00-09 . 40 hrs tim fernando ( germany ) """""""" what is a drs ? """""""" 09 . 40-10 . 20 hrs n . asher , m . aurnague , m . bras , p . sablayrolles and l . vieu ( france ) """""""" computing the spatiotemporal structure of discourse """""""" 10 . 20-10 . 35 hrs coffee 10 . 35-11 . 15 hrs jose coch and raphael david ( france ) """""""" causality and multisentential text """""""" 11 . 15-11 . 55 hrs claire gardent and joke dorrepaal ( the netherlands ) """""""" reversible discourse processing """""""" 11 . 55-12 . 35 hrs henriette de swart and arie molendijk ( the netherlands ) """""""" negation in narrative discourse """""""" 12 . 35-13 . 45 hrs lunch 13 . 45-14 . 25 hrs nissim francez and jonathan berg ( israel ) """""""" mdrt : a multi - agent extension of drt """""""" 14 . 25-15 . 05 hrs massimo poesio ( scotland ) """""""" ambiguity , underspecification and discourse interpretation """""""" 15 . 05-15 . 45 hrs j . bos e . mastenbroek , s . mcglashan , s . millies and m . pinkal ( germany ) """""""" a compositional drs - based formalism for nlp applications """""""" 15 . 45-16 . 00 hrs tea 16 . 00-16 . 40 hrs stephen pulman ( uk ) """""""" a computational theory of context dependence """""""" 16 . 40-17 . 40 hrs discussion wednesday december 21 09 . 00-09 . 40 hrs tsutomu fujinami ( uk ) """""""" a transitional approach to semantics : encoding situation - theoretic objects into the pi-calculus """""""" 09 . 40-10 . 20 hrs ariel cohen ( usa ) """""""" reasoning with generics """""""" 10 . 20-10 . 35 hrs coffee 10 . 35-11 . 15 hrs daniel marcu and graeme hirst ( canada ) """""""" an implemented formalism for computing linguistic presuppostions and existential commitments """""""" 11 . 15-12 . 05 hrs gosse bouma ( the netherlands ) """""""" calculated flexibility """""""" 12 . 05-13 . 45 hrs lunch registration form international workshop on computational semantics 19-21 december 1994 tilburg , the netherlands name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . affiliation : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . address : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . city , state , zip code : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telephone : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fax : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . email address : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . registration fee before november 1 , 1994 dfl . 275 , 00 after november 1 , 1994 dfl . 325 , 00 method of payment : 0 bank transfer transfer the registration fee in dutch guilders to : * abn / amro bank account number 45 50 46 042 ; tilburg university , warandelaan 2 , 5037 gc tilburg please mention code 951 . 55 , computational semantics , and your name . please calculate transfer charges , as we must receive the full registration fee . any shortfall in fees will have to be paid upon arrival . 0 postal money order make the fee ( in dutch guilders ) payable to : * tilburg university , warandelaan 2 , 5037 gc tilburg please mention code 951 . 55 , computational semantics and your name . please calculate transfer charges , as we must receive the full registration fee . any shortfall in fees will have to be paid upon arrival . 0 visa card if you pay by credit card please fax us the following information : card number : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . expiration date : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . name as it appears on card : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i authorize tilburg university to charge my account for the total fee of . . . . . . . . . . ( signature ) hotel reservation do you want us to make hotel reservations for you ? ( the price of a single room will be approximately dfl . 135 , 00 per person per night , breakfast included . ) yes / no if your answer to the previous question was yes , please fill in the date of your arrival and departure . date of arrival : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . date of departure : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . send this registration form to : marja klijn institute for language technology and artificial intelligence ( itk ) tilburg university p . o . box 90153 5000 le tilburg the netherlands tel . : + 31 13 663113 fax : + 31 13 662537 email : computational . semantics @ kub . nl gerrit rentier ( ma ) institute for language technology and artificial intelligence tilburg university , po box 90153 , 5000 le tilburg , the netherlands phone : ( + 31 ) ( 0 ) 13 662970 fax : ( + 31 ) ( 0 ) 13 662537 email : rentier @ kub . nl
  """",0
  714,""""Subject: esl in children cut off from their native language - any insights ?
   
   2 years ago , my wife and i adopted two kids from russia , at the time aged 6 . 5 and 5 . at the time , i informally asked around and got the impression that there was unlikely to be anything particularly interesting linguistically about their experiences in learning english , and was referred to several books on esl / 2nd language learning among immigrants . unfortunately , due to the joys of parenting , i never read most of the references i was given ( i spent the time trying to learn russian instead ) . i recently read something in another adoptive parent 's posted experience that made me again wonder about my kids ' experiences in learning english , which so far have apparently been a little unusual for adoptive kids ( i ' ll skip the details at this point in my inquiry ) . i am starting to wonder if there is indeed something important in the language experiences of kids adopted into a foreign language environment after infancy . the key difference between international adoptions and other esl situations is that the older adopted kids suddenly are cut off from input in their native language with a certain level of vocabulary and mastery of that language , and thrown into an esl / 2nd language situation where they learn a new language usually with no support in their native language . learning the new language takes a considerable amount of time - my kids could communicate only minimally in english for about a year , but for most adoptive kids , use of the 1st language seems to stop within 1 - 3 months since the kids seem to realize that it no longer serves any useful communicative function . after 2 years , my kids speak what to most people sounds like fluent idiomatic english . however , their vocabulary seems greatly restricted compared to native english kids their age - and their passive vocabulary ( words they understand that they do n't use themselves ) seems to be especially restricted . they also have some peculiarities in grammar and usage - perhaps those typical of second language speakers , but ignored in the adoptive kids since they speak with no trace of an accent . these problems seem to be especially persistent , probably because they pass unnoticed most of the time ( they do show up in the kids ' writing now ) and they are resistent to correction . my readings in linguistics have thus far all seemed to generalize about a critical period lasting past my kids ' age , where they are supposed to learn languages like a sponge . the other adoptive parent , however , posted that in talking with esl experts , she found out that """""""" esl learners generally cannot do phonics in the second language , nor can they follow along in group oral reading . it takes 7 to 11 years in the second language to develop the ability to manipulate written english , particularly abstract cognitive academic material . """""""" that poster also said that children completely removed from their native language """""""" before mastering all of its principles """""""" have especial problems in learning the new language . she also said that many of the normal esl procedures break down in such kids , that there are no good tests for diagnosing language and learning problems in such kids , and that the situation is enough unlike the normal esl situation that trained esl teachers may not recognize problems or know how to solve them . she gave several references , but mostly on the pragmatic """""""" how to help your kid """""""" level . but putting on my linguist hat , and reading between the lines , i came up with some questions that i put to the linguistic community : 1 . is anyone reading this doing any research relating to language acquisition in kids cut off from their native tongue in the formative years ? 2 . can anyone provide me references to such work ? 3 . whether i get answers to # 1 or # 2 , what years are the """""""" formative years """""""" in which cutting off the child from the native language will have an effect on 2nd language learning ? 4 . does this age range have any relation to the """""""" critical period """""""" of language learning ? might there be a correlation that would tell us something about how and why kids learn languages differently and more easily than adults ? 5 . what are the different effects of cutting off a child from his native language at different ages / stages in language formation ? it seems pretty obvious that at the earliest years , """""""" 2nd language """""""" learning would asymptotically approach identity with the learning of the first language . 6 . when 1st and 2nd languages have contrasting features , it would seem that these kids would provide especial insight into ug models with parameters , in addition providing some clue as to when and how the parameters are set . has anyone looked at this ? 7 . what is the long-term language prognosis for such kids ? 7 to 11 years of language difficulty , when the difficulty often goes unnoticed ( or at least the fact that the difficulty is due to language problems - the adoptive parent who posted gave a detailed chronicle of her daughter 's varying problems from adoption at age 4 until 5th grade when the parent finally came to find out why her daughter was having problems even though she spoke english fluently ) - this seems likely to have severe long-term effects . 8 . my kids and all others i know of have completely lost the native language except for word isolates . do such kids relearn their native language any easier when they get older ? again , looking at contrasting features that such kids have difficulty relearning might tell us a lot about """""""" parameter setting """""""" especially when the difficulties do not match those of others acquiring the language as a 2nd langusge with no prior experience in the language . kids cut off from the native language would seem more likely to give clear data on this . 9 . are the effects of being cut-off from one 's native language different in kids like mine ? my kids were cut off from the native language only incompletely - they still had each other to talk to , in addition to my wife and my rudimentary self-teaching - but all of this continued exposure to the native language was impoverished both in vocabulary and grammar . ) russian remained the language of our household for most of the kids ' first year here , and i quickly came to understand the differences in language at differing ages . i could understand and communicate with my kids quite well ( and fluently ) in russian after about a month , but still cannot understand even a slow talking russian adult . the types of errors kids tolerate ( and make - my kids often had the ' wrong ' declensional ending on irregular words ) seem quite different from what adults accept . 10 . are there any english language discussions about child language acquisition in russian kids ? ( i ' m sure there are russian language sources , but i would never get through them . ) i would like to know what the typical russian child at the age my kids were adopted would typically have mastered in features like declensions , numbers , perfective / imperfective distinctions , and proper use of cases - things that i have n't mastered well enough to be able to extract from relistening to tapes thaty i made while they still spoke russian fluently . lojbab lojbab @ access . digex . net bob lechevalier , president , the logical language group , inc . 2904 beau lane , fairfax va 22031-1303 usa 703-385 - 0273 for the artificial language loglan / lojban , see ftp . cs . yale . edu / pub / lojban or see lojban www server : href = """""""" http : / / xiron . pc . helsinki . fi / lojban / """"""""
  """",0
  715,""""Subject: summary : hindi - urdu tense-aspect
   
   the original question stemmed from a comment in bailey 's urdu grammar ( 1956 ) on the following construction : mayng khaataa hung i eat . participle be . 1s bailey insists that this construction , despite looking like a typical progressive construction , must be translated """""""" i eat """""""" and not """""""" i ' m eating """""""" ( bailey 1956 : 139 ) . rather , the following constructions contrast according to the translations : mayng bactaa hung i escape . part be . 1s """""""" i escape """""""" mayng bac rahaa hung i escape stay . en be . 1s """""""" i am escaping """""""" ( bailey 1956 : 42 ) respondents were able to confirm that the first excludes the progressive reading , and that the construction with """""""" stay """""""" must be used for the progressive . this appears to hold for the urdu - hindi dialects . subsequent research suggests that the same phenomenon operates in neighbouring punjabi . thanx again to those who responded .
  """",0
  716,""""Subject: summary : french creole apres for progressive
   
   the original question concerned the use of apres in french creoles for the progressive rather than the perfect which would be expected on typological grounds . the enormous response precludes listing all who answered . it would seem that the moral of the story is that one should n't assume what is normal in any given case . in this instance , it was simply incorrect to assume that standard french en train de was normal ; in fact , it would appear that standard french has innovated in this respect . according to respondants , the apres construction for the progressive is found in many vernacular french 's including canadian , swiss and cajun . one would assume that the vernacular is the source of the creole progressive . the semantics of apres is only strange on the assumption that the form means """""""" after . """""""" it does appear that the vernacular progressive preserves the original sense of a - pres , which in fact conforms to expectations based on cross-linguistic study . in standard french , the corresponding expression is aupres . many respondents drew my attention to the """""""" after ving """""""" construction of english dialect . h . rogers at uoft informs me that the construction is a perfect and not a progressive ; i have since confirmed this analysis . in addition to welsh , scots gaelic has an """""""" after ving """""""" perfect that is the likely source of the construction . apparently the preposition in scots gaelic ( air ) now means """""""" on """""""" outside of the progressive construction ( an deigh """""""" after """""""" ) . thanks again to all who responded . it was an interesting exercise .
  """",0
  717,""""Subject: re : sum : native speaker intuitions
   
   marilyn silva recently summarised responses dealing with """""""" native speaker intuitions """""""" , especially with respect to the sentence ' john asked mary to leave ' . she notes that several respondents pointed out that the interpretation of this sentence is determined , at least in part , pragmatically , and the view that the interpretation is syntactically fixed is wrong . this point is demonstrated by the ) pair of examples : ) ) [ 1 ] the teacher asked the child to leave the room . ) [ 2 ] the child asked the teacher to leave the room . i am a native speaker of english ( new zealand english ) , and i am not a syntactician , so i do n't think my syntax is being moulded by my , or anyone else 's , rules or theories , but , in both [ 1 ] and [ 2 ] , i can only interpret the person being asked ( the child in [ 1 ] , the teacher in [ 2 ] ) as being the person required to leave the room . no amount of ) intuition fatigue ( which could be summed ) up as """""""" say a weird string 50 times and it sounds good ; say a ) good string 50 times and it sounds weird """""""" ) has been able to change my interpretation of this kind of sentence . perhaps for some people the interpretation of this sentence * is * syntactically determined . the summary concludes with : ) in his post to me , carson contends that judgment data """""""" can ) provide real , useful data , if we would just be more systematical ) and careful about how we collect them . of course speakers will ) differ on certain points . . . . the interesting question is whether ) the range of variation we find is systematically constrained in ) ways that interesting theories of grammar can explain . """""""" i agree that ( native ) speakers will differ on certain points - - my syntax probably differs from that of most people , and i think this is probably typical ( in my case the following ( a ) sentences are ungrammatical and would normally be the ( b ) sentences : 1 . ( a ) i promised mary to leave . ( b ) i promised mary i would leave . 2 . ( a ) candidates are recommended to obtain the booklet . ( b ) it is recommended that candidates obtain the booklet . 3 . ( a ) john requires to pass the examination . ( b ) john needs to / must pass the examination . john requires a pass in the examination . s . o . requires john to pass the examination . 4 . ( a ) i saw the barn red . ( b ) ? ? ? it is important that syntactitions realise that one there are probably thousands of syntactically distinct englishes out there , and i am not talking about socially or geographically definable varities . there may not be many new zealand english speakers who share the above judgments , but * my * english is no less based on a natural language grammar than anyone else 's . because the interpretation of a certain construction may be influenced by pragmatic factors is some , or even in the majority , of speakers , does not disqualify a purely syntactic account if there are speakers whose language data are accounted for by it . where there is variation among langauge users , it is very important not to conflate these differences and try to base a grammar ( syntax / phonology . . . ) on an impure sample . untimately , a grammar is an account of an individual ' s language . student 's who disagree with data are rarely being contentious - - i contend that they have a slightly different grammatical structure which is , of course , no less valuable in the search for constraints on syntactic structure than the teacher 's or a """""""" received """""""" english grammar . i heartily endorse carson 's call for more systematic and careful collection of syntactic data . think about it - - is your english really syntactically the same as your colleague 's , or your father 's ? if not , care must be taken when conflating data from these sources , and even more care must be taken when conflating data from even more diverse sources . wayne p . lawrence
  """",0
  718,""""Subject: summ : concepts unknown in dutch
   
   summary : concepts not known in dutch a couple of weeks ago i posted a question re . the concepts in english and american , which were unknown in dutch . i would like to thank all who contributed to the list below , which i have compiled from the replies . the reason for the request was to incorporate some examples in a call programme ( l2 = english ) . using only contextsentences as a means to derive word meanings , we would expect a low success rate in a condition with such target words . this finding might show that the context method is not the best method for such words . i will publish the results hope - fully next year . thanks again . paul olierook utrecht university holland . over & down 11 - plus anchorman bagel baked / fried basement bird boardwalk call waiting cereal cheeze wiz chili chipmunk collard greens collect call college condo convenience store corn syrup cranberry sauce diner doggie bag donut dope dorm ( itory ) drive-by shooting drive-in field goal geek graduate student grand jury grits hall pass home run ice cream floats inch jack o ' lantern maple syrup marshmallow fluff midship man minute man moron muffin nerd pantry pickup truck pie poison ivy porch potluck precinct caucus quart quarterback rumble strips scrum shopping mall sitcom snow blower submarine sandwich subway token succotash summer squash summercamp tabloid to relish to bring / to take town meeting treasury tags trick or treating tuna surprize turnpike turnstile twinkies water fountain water cooler whipped cream whipping cream wicket winter squash yard .
  """",0
  719,""""Subject: sum : analogy to 1sg
   
   some time ago i posted query asking for an an example of an analogical development in the inflectional system of any language , preferably an indo - european language , whereby the 2d and 3d persons singular were remade in the image of the 1st sg . the very possibility of such a development appears to have been denied in an important article by cowgill on the reflexes of ie laryngeals in greek , and it struck me as a bizarre claim , but i could not found any ready counterexamples . i would like to thank robert hoberman , lars borin , dana paramskas , george fowler , maggie winters , and max wheeler for responding . the closest to what i am looking for was identified by wayles browne : polish present tenses of the verb ' to eat ' : jem 1sg jesz 2sg je 3sg of these , only jem is inherited . the other two forms have been remade analogically , replacing what would be expected to come out as * jesi , * jes ' c ' . however , even this example is not completely compelling since it seems that the analogy here involves this verb taking the endings typical of another conjugation rather than specifically remodeling the 2sg and 3sg on the basis of the 1sg . so , was cowgill right ? can 1sg never serve as the basis for an analogical remaking of 2sg and 3sg ? ( there are examples of 2sg being ( re ) modeled on 1sg , robert hoberman pointing out that this is what happened in the perfect of ge ' ez , and i have since also found discussion of this happening in some yemeni arabic dialects , but the 3sg is not affected in any of these cases ) . alexis manaster ramer
  """",0
  720,""""Subject: summary : in other words
   
   dear netters , i have posted several queries a few months ago . about ten members of the linguist list answered me by e-mails . i must show great thanks especially to prof . welchsler , prof . jewett , prof . edwards ( who sent me examples of iow from london - lund corpus ) , prof . patrikis , prof . spackman , prof . macrakis , prof . alvarez - caccamo , prof . harris , prof . huettner , and dr . georgia green ( who introduced me """""""" two types of convention in indirect speech acts """""""" by j . l . morgan , contained in the volume : _ syntax and semantics , vol . 9 : pragmatics _ edited by peter cole ( 1978 , new york : academic press ) . the following are my own summary . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * in this summary , i propose the hearer 's implicature / implication - interpretation process ( prof . alvarez - caccamo 's suggestion ) , which constrains on the use of in other words ( iow ) in english . i would distinguish between speaker 's intended implicature and hearer 's interpreted implicature . thus , speaker a may have the intention to implicate x , but hearer b may very well fail to recognize such impli - cature or else may interpret some other . even if b correctly interprets a 's intention , b 's interpretation depends largely upon the context and / or background assumption . the use of iow is such a case . a dictionary edited by ball ( 1986 ) calls such usage """""""" inferential function """""""" , though he uses the term rather informally in the dictionary . i will follow his terminology just for the sake of convenience . the inferential use of iow frequently occurs between the two people 's dialogue . ( 1 ) a : i ' m afraid there is n't much i can help you with . b : _ in other words _ , you do n't want to be bothered . although the interpretation process of ( 1 ) is very close to what is called """""""" conventional """""""" use , i . e . it might be processed spontaneously , without any inferential process in the hearer 's mind , b guesses a 's real intent , which is not directly inferred from a 's utterance , but indirect - ly from a 's implicature . in order for b to necessitate iow , b exploits his / her background assumption / encyclopedic knowledge , implicating that a is busy now , or a does n't feel at ease with b . let the implicature just explained be c , then a sequential flow of consciousness / inferential process such as a $ @ """""""" * ( jc $ @ """""""" * ( jb emerges . iow is a visible index of the hearer 's implicature-interpretation process . speaker / hearer 's background assumption varies between common sense and the knowledge which is only valid between the speaker and hearer . ( 2 ) a : i love schubert 's late piano sonatas . b : _ in other words _ , you do n't like the beethoven sonatas ? iow in ( 2b ) is derived by the use of a restricted set of background assumption in which b has already admired the beethoven sonatas . b assumes that a is also an admirer of beethoven , but contrary to b 's assumption a declares an admiration for schubert . so , b feels criticism in a 's words . b 's background assumption becomes an old information , conflates a 's new information and enables iow to create a = b . """""""" non - conventional """""""" , rather complicated use of iow is the following . ( 3 ) a : i ' m going to kill you . b : _ in other words _ , you 'd like it if i moved my car . for example , b 's car stands in the way of a 's car , so that a gets infuriated at b . the situation like the above gets a to utter such harsh words ; kill you . a 's real intent , in this case implicature / implication , is """""""" i ' m going to kill you if you do n't move your car """""""" , or simply """""""" move your car """""""" , which is labelled as c again . b , beginning with iow , paraphrases c by b 's own words . again in order for b to use iow , h / she must infer that a assumes / implicates c . background assumption mitigates b 's processing effort . if not , b processes too much effort and cannot interpret a 's words . b 's job here is to process the flow of the dialogue like a $ @ """""""" * ( jc $ @ ! a ( jb . b 's failure to process / infer the flow of the dialogue sometimes occurs . ( 1 ' ) a : i ' m afraid there is n't much i can help you with . b ' : ? _ in other words _ , you need to be helped . in the context where a really needs help , s / he does n't bother to say that s / he can't help b ' . if a 's hands are full of the parcels and he visibly needs help , so that s / he says s / he can't help b ' , there is a possibility of b ' saying it is you who need to be helped . however , this is a very insulting comment , because b ' actually implies that if you can't help me , you are not a capable person . so , you are the one who needs help . another completely misled example of inference is the following . ( 4 ) a : sorry , i can't help you now , because i ' m busy . b : * _ in other words _ , you ' re busy . unacceptability of b comes from a 's words _ because i ' m busy _ , where a has already spoken out his own implicature c . mere repetition cannot be allowed in iow 's case . if something extra can be implied in b 's response , type of ( 4 ) is ok . ( 5 ) a : sorry , i can't help you now . b : _ in other words _ , you can't . ( - ) ' you really can't . ' ) in summary , an utterance """""""" a . in other words , b """""""" has an inferential process / hearer 's interpretive process """""""" a $ @ """""""" * ( jc ; in other words c $ @ ! a ( jb """""""" . iow can be campared with 's o ' and ' then , ' etc . the following results are the above contributors ' reactions . ( * ) means that there are some who judge a sentence acceptable and others unacceptable . ' so ' : $ @ ! ! ( j ( 6 ) a . there was $ 5 in his wallet . { _ so _ / ( * ) _ in other words _ } he had n't spent all the money . b . she 's your teacher . { _ so _ / ( * ) _ in other words _ } you must respect her . $ @ ! ! ( j ( 7 ) playing the french horn . a : anyway , the horn makes funny noises . { _ so _ / ( * ) _ in other words _ } it 's a treacherous instrument , is n't it ? it 's something that is very hard for you to control . why is that ? too much spit , or what ? b : i ' m glad you ' ve used that term . because it 's not difficult . it is treacherous . so are the players , of course . but that 's another story . $ @ ! ! ( j ( 8 ) tom ate condemned meat . { _ so _ / * _ in other words _ } he felt ill . $ @ ! ! ( j ( 9 ) bill insulted mary . { _ so _ / _ in other words _ } she left . in contrast with resultative 's o 's ' in ( 6 ) and ( 7 ) , two 's o 's ' in ( 8 ) and ( 9 ) are sequential . in the case of iow , one is ok and the other is out . ( 9 ) can be interpreted that bill 's insulting mary always leads to her leaving ( here ) , so that iow is permitted . iow in ( 8 ) is n't ok because eating condemned meat always equals to his feeling ill , in which case iow in such situation is redundant / meaningless / uninformative . ' then ' : $ @ ! ! ( j ( 10 ) an insurance man visits a girl he knows . he has brought her a policy application for signature . they talked about her husband . girl : i ' m expecting robert home soon . insurance salesman : oh ! why ? is he in trouble ? g : no . he 's thinking of setting up in business on his own . is : oh , good for him . g : you think it 's a good idea ? is : yes , why not ? g : small businesses are going bust all over the place . is : so , there are millions of people on the dole right now who thought they were safe and secure working for someone else . { _ so _ / _ in other words _ / ( * ) _ then _ } , now 's the time to have a go . there 's nothing else to lose anyway . g : think so ? is : yes . ' in that case ' : $ @ ! ! ( j ( 11 ) a : i ' m afraid there is n't much i can help you with . b : { _ in that case _ / ( * ) _ in other words _ } i shall have to ask someone else . ' that is ' : $ @ ! ! ( j ( 12 ) they took refreshments , { _ that is _ / * _ in other words _ } , sand - witches , coffee , beer , fruit juice , and chocolate . ball ( 1986 ) explains that ' that is ' is open-ended and iow is closed - ended . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * if you have further comments on my analyisis of iow above , please do n't hesitate to e-mail me . thanks very much for all the help you have given . sincerely , hiroaki tanaka associate professor , tokushima university , japan . e-mail : gca01363 @ niftyserve . or . jp
  """",0
  721,""""Subject: sum : wh animal
   
   i recently asked about whether one says ' who ' or ' what ' to ask what variety of animal in contexts such as : a . a person walks into a room with a swollen arm . you say : ' wh - bit you ? ' or b . you see an animal disappearing into the woods . you say : ' wh - is that ? ' the following languages ( thanks to the people listed for the info ) seem to use ' what ' only , although in context a gave some of the respondents did not like either alternative . greek ( a speaker who wished not to be identified by name ) finnish , swedish ( jussi karlgren ) english , hebrew ( david gil ) dutch , french ( bert peeters ) georgian ( ivan derzhanski ) german ( john peterson ) norwegian , swedish ( marit julien ) danish ( soren harder ) i would add polish to this list , based on my own judgements . ivan derzhanski adds bulgarian to the list , his testimony being particularly valuable , since he feels a clear contrast between bulgarian and russian here , but greg gouzev says that he would use ' who ' in context a ( but not b ) . on the other hand , dale russell reports that in cheyenne : """""""" people are all animate , but so are rocks , trees and leaves ( but not branches ) and the sun . animals are all animate , so far as i know . some body parts are animate , roughly those that are voluntarily movable . noses are not animate , fingers are . if you point to a rock and ask """""""" what is this ? """""""" , a native speaker will correct you , and say """""""" who is this ? """""""" , then answer the question - - at least that was my experience , in a field-methods type language learning experience . """""""" jonathan bobaljnik reports that itel ' men sometimes uses ' who ' and sometimes ' what ' for referring to animals . unfortunately , there 's very little data on the language , so i can't be very specific about the conditions determining which you get when . the clearest example of a language that uses ' who ' is russian ( in a striking contrast to closely related polish and bulgarian ) , as stated in standard works on this language and confirmed to me by alex eulenberg , ari solovyova , and ivan derzhanski ( but i must add that daniel radzinski reports that at least one speaker he spoke with gave different judgements ) . i find particularly interesting the fact that russian linguists working on other languages routinely note this difference between russian and whatever language they are describing ( i have seen this probably dozens of times in russian grammars or dictionaries of various languages of the former empire ) . barbara abbott noted a reference i had missed : chomsky 's in _ current issues in linguistic theory _ ( mouton , 1964 ) , p . 40 , notes that we cannot say """""""" what is eating its dinner ? ( the cat or the dog ) """""""" , and that ' who ' is also not natural in that context . a lot of the respondents indicated similar difficulties in other languages . i have not kept track of these , but they include french , danish , etc . , as noted by various respondents ( including frank gladney on english ) . cathy ball says that older forms of english sometimes use ' what are you ? ' in addressing a human being . special thanks to osten dahl who first pointed out to me that you have to define very particular contexts for this question , since in many contexts many lgs allow neither ' who ' nor ' what ' . alexis manaster ramer
  """",0
  722,""""Subject: linguistics mail list in japan
   
   there is now a linguistics mailing list in japan . as i understand it , the language of this group is in principle japanese . so , please ignore this message if you do n't / can't use japanese characters in e-mailing . those who do e-mail in japanese can subscribe to this group by the following procedure . please note that the subscription process is probably handled manually . use the following template ( in japanese ) when sending a subscription request to : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ linguistics-request @ atom . ntt . jp ( n . b . the 's ubject : ' line may contain any descriptive header . ) ( template of the body of the text in japanese characters ) shimei : shozoku kikan : yuubin juusho : denwa bangoo : ( optional ? ) denshi meeru juusho : kanshin o motte-iru bun ' ya : katsuhiko momoi foreign languages & literature st . cloud state university
  """",0
  723,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1333 native speaker intuitions
   
   may i add my quantum of intuitive ( non-syntactician 's , nay non-linguist 's ) data to this discussion : ) date : sun , 20 nov 1994 12 : 41 : 23 gmt + 1200 ) from : wayne lawrence ( wp . lawrence @ auckland . ac . nz ) ) subject : re : sum : native speaker intuitions ) ) marilyn silva recently summarised responses dealing with """""""" native ) speaker intuitions """""""" , especially with respect to the sentence ' john ) asked mary to leave ' . she notes that several respondents pointed out ) that the interpretation of this sentence is determined , at least in ) part , pragmatically , and the view that the interpretation is ) syntactically fixed is wrong . this point is demonstrated by the ) ) pair of examples : ) ) ) ) [ 1 ] the teacher asked the child to leave the room . ) ) [ 2 ] the child asked the teacher to leave the room . ) ) i am a native speaker of english ( new zealand english ) , and i am not ) a syntactician , so i do n't think my syntax is being moulded by my , or ) anyone else 's , rules or theories , but , in both [ 1 ] and [ 2 ] , i can ) only interpret the person being asked ( the child in [ 1 ] , the teacher ) in [ 2 ] ) as being the person required to leave the room . there is ( in my intuition ) an undoubted pragmatic element . in both cases , the teacher is supposed to be in authority and the child not . therefore [ 1 ] causes no hesitation and immediately evokes a normal situation : the teacher made a request to the child that the child leave the room . case [ 2 ] immediately evokes a picture that the child made a request to the teacher that the teacher leave the room . given the presupposed authority relationship , intuition says """""""" hold on ! kids do n't do that ! """""""" - except in special circumstances . so look for a special context ( ? classrom game ? ) or try a possible re-interpretation . for the latter , remember the form """""""" the child asked to leave the room """""""" ( teacher implicit ) and admit that [ 2 ] is a possible way of saying it ( teacher explicit ) . however , i have to agree with wayne lawrence that the immediate intrepretation is as his : the person being asked is expected to leave . this interpretation is a function of syntax . only when you have """""""" had a look """""""" at the syntactically generated interpretation do pragmatic constraints force you to re-consider . it is , i report for myself , a distinctly two-stage process , and the second is only triggered if there are problems with the result of the first . in the case , however , of """""""" john asked mary to leave """""""" there is nothing given corresponding to the authority relationship which would make it unlikely that john expects mary to leave , and in that case , i am afraid , syntax has it . ted . ( ted . harding @ nessie . mcc . ac . uk )
  """",0
  724,""""Subject: sum : software
   
   dear colleagues , i am really grateful for your assistance and your information , which is presented bellow : a ) for dos / windows 1 . speech viewer ( with no more information either about the manufacturer , the price and any comments about its function ) . 2 . cecil ( computerised extraction of components of intonation and language ) price : around $ 300 8 bit sampling @ 8 , 13 , or 19 . 5 khz , to dos pc memory , via parallel port . software extraction and display ( ega or vga ) of various features , e . g . , waveform raw f0 smoothed f0 etc . has built-in ipa font for transcription / labelling of analysed signals . address : """""""" jaars ( international computer services , box 248 jaars road , waxhaw , nc 28173 , ( usa ? ) ( 704 ) 843-6151 , fax : ( 704 ) 843-6200 ) """""""" ( kimberly soto ) . ( it seems that cecil is hardware of the following package ) 3 . sil speech analysis system a package that """""""" does a very good job of tracking and displaying f0 . it will also display the waveform and / or amplitude contour simultaneously and can do some rudimentary spectral analysis as well . the total cost for the hardware interface and software is about $ 300 . the hardware component consists of a small box that connects to the parallel port of the computer and has input jacks for a microphone or tape recorder . the version runs under ms-dos , although i ' m told a windows version is either available now or will be soon . the address to order from is : international computer services attn : customer services box 248 waxhaw , nc 28173-0248 usa phone : 704-843 - 6257 they also list an e-mail address : icsust @ 1 . jaars . sil . org . i have not found this address to work in the past """""""" . ( rod casali ) 4 . csre ( canadian speech research environment ) . the program is developed by don jamieson and others in western ontario . it needs a 386 pc or more . the program cost $ 400 ( in 1993 ) and the manufacturers recommended an ariel board as hardware ( which cost around 2 - 3 thousand dollars in 1993 ) . """""""" address : avaaz innovation inc . po box 8040 wonderland rd . north london ontario n6g 2b0 canada tel ( 519 ) 472-7944 fax : ( 519 ) 472-7819 """""""" ( franke ingolf ) 5 . dsp ( digital signal processing ) the manufacturer is : ariel corporation phone : ( 908 ) 249-2900 433 river road fax : ( 908 ) 249-2123 highland park , nj 08904 dsp bbs : ( 908 ) 249-2124 ( 300-9600 bps ) ( i believe in usa ) in addition , they offer the speechstation , a complete speech-synthesis package . 6 . speechstation ( sencimetrics ) ( with no more information either about the manufacturer - which could be the ariel corporation - , the price and any comments about its function ) . 7 . cspeech """""""" for a dos environment , cspeech does a great job of displaying a waveform , a fundamental frequency contour , and an amplitude contour , ( as well as other analyses , including a spectrogram ) on one screen . for further information about cspeech , contact : paul milenkovic dept . of electrical & computer engineering university of wisconsin - madison madison , wi 53706 u . s . a . milenkovic @ engr . wisc . edu """""""" ( charles read ) 8 . kay elemetrics ' computer speech lab ( csl ) """""""" very few of the commercial pitch tracers are good with noisy recordings . kay claim to have a new super-robust system which works with their cls work station . """""""" ( linda shockey ) """""""" this set-up must cost around $ 3500 - $ 5000 without the dos machine itself . """""""" ( alex francis ) """""""" the best pc system for general purpose speech analysis , including spectrograms linear prediction analysis and all kinds of other things , is the csl system from kay . it is a lot more expensive , but is really quite sophisticated and very impressive . strangely , though , the f0 tracks are not very dependable - there is sometimes doubling and halving , and quite often you need to fiddle with the parameters to get anything at all usable . """""""" ( david deterding ) """""""" address : kay elemetics corp . 12 maple avenue po box 2025 pine brook , nj 07058-2025 usa tel : ( 201 ) 227-2000 fax : ( 201 ) 227-7760 """""""" ( franke ingolf ) 9 . loughborough sound images speech work station this program runs on a pc at ( or 286 / 386 based compatible ) , with 640k ram , ega / vga graphics , microsoft mouse ( or compatible ) , hard disk ( 40 mb recommended ) , ram disk ( required for stereo recording or fast sample rates ) , dos version 3 . 0 or greater . the lsi speech workstation can display the signal in a variety of ways , including black and white or full-colour spectrograms , waveforms , spectral slices ( cross-section through a spectrogram which is displayed horizontally across the screen ) . . . all of them are reasonably fast , especially on a 386 pc . a wide range of bandwidths is available for the spectrogram and the spectral slice , and the waveform can be scaled . . several of these can be displayed at the same time by splitting the screen . the screen can also be split to accommodate parts of two separate recordings . the analog card supplied with the speech workstation has two input channels each of which can be connected to either a microphone or line output . two markers are available , which allow you to pecutting and pasting , copying etc . it is possible to play only marked sections of the signal on the screen . the maximum length of analysed speech was 3 - 5 minutes . the manufacturers are : loughborough sound images limited the technology centre epinal way loughborough england le11 0qe telephone : ( 0509 ) 231 843 telex : 34 1409 lufbra g fax : ( 0509 ) 262 433 10 . sfs """""""" i ' ll include the whole readme file : speech filing system computer tools for speech research department of phonetics and linguistics university college london introduction sfs provides a computing environment for conducting research into the nature of speech . it comprises software tools , file and data formats , subroutine libraries , graphics , standards and special programming languages . it performs standard operations such as acquisition , replay , waveform editing and labelling , spectrographic and formant analysis and fundamental frequency estimation . it runs under unix and dos environments and is currently running on sun , hewlett - packard , masscomp and 486pc . sfs is copyrighted university college london , but is currently supplied free of charge to research establishments for non-profit use . sfs is supplied as is with no warranty or support . features operating environments : unix , protected - mode dos ( with gnu compiler ) supported data acquisition / replay : masscomp : ad12f , da08 sun : sparc - 2 8 - bit , sparc-10 16 - bit ibm-pc : data translation 2811 , pclx , ucl parallel printer dac ( sfs supports networked replay from unix to pc ) supported graphics devices : masscomp : 6 - plane colour graphics sun : sparc - 2 monochrome console , suntools sun , hp : x - windows pc : vga and svga ( sfs supports networked graphics from unix to pc ) epson 24 - bit dot matrix kyocera laser printer postscript laser printer wordperfect graphics file output utilities : create sfs file , list sfs file , display / print sfs file , copy / link / remove items in sfs file , dump contents of sfs file . analysis programs : acquisition and replay , waveform processing , laryngographic processing , fundamental frequency estimation ( from sp or from lx ) , formant frequency estimation , formant synthesis , spectrographic analysis , lpc analysis / synthesis , filterbank analysis / synthesis , psola prosody manipulation . file formats : import from text , binary and ils files ; save multiple data items in sfs files and compare ; standard formats for speech , lx , tx , fx , annotations , synthesizer data , spectra , spectrograms , lpc coefficients , parameter tracks , etc ; export to binary , text , ils , htk , etc ; processing history maintained in file . subroutine libraries : supports sfs file i / o and dynamic memory allocation for data sets ; matrix operations ; device-independent graphics . special purpose languages : sml speech measurement language - interpreted language for measuring data in sfs files ; spc speech pascal - compiled language for waveform manipulation and analysis ; c-span - compiled language for synthetic speech stimuli generation . source sfs is available by anonymous ftp from : pitch . phon . ucl . ac . uk in the directory / pub / sfs ( from august 1993 ) . the readme file gives current version information . remember that we are unable to service requests for support on this software . bug fixes only may be sent to sfs @ phonetics . ucl . ac . uk ; requests for help may be ignored . acknowledgements sfs has been developed from software written during the spar alvey project involving gec , imperial college london , university college london and leeds university . the software that is distributed contains only the ucl contribution to that project . additional , compatible software may be available from these partners or from other current users of sfs , for example at york university . please contact mark huckvale for further information about ownership and other available software . mark huckvale university college london gower street london wc1e 6bt sfs @ phonetics . ucl . ac . uk """""""" ( hannes pirker ) 11 . spectro 3000 """""""" 2 channel signal analyser ( separate devise ) this analyser has the best pitch technique ( sift and cepstrum ) i have ever seen - but is very expensive ( about 50 . 000 dm ) . address : medav digitale signalverarbeitungs gmbh graefenberger strasse 34 d-91080 uttenreuth germany """""""" ( franke ingolf ) b ) for mac 1 . voice navigator . the only thing that i learned about this software ( ? ) is the name - only - of the manufacturer , i . e . articulate systems . 2 . macspeech lab the manufacturer is : gw instruments , 35 medford st . , somerville , ma 02143 ( canada ? ) ( 617 ) 625-4096 ( 617 ) 625-1322 ( fax ) 3 . macrecorder ( no information about it ) 4 . dsp ( the same as for dos / windows ) 5 . signalyse ( version 3 . 0 ) """""""" signalyze ( tm ) 3 . 0 is an integrated speech signal analysis application for the macintosh . it does signal editing and direct signal i / o to / from a number of devices . version 3 . 0 has a user-friendly multi-level labeling feature : each label is coded for a linguistic level ( e . g . , segment , syllable , etc . ) . level names are determined by the user and are color-coded . also new in version 3 . 0 : speech slow-down and speed-up ( up to five times ) , color / grayscale spectrograms right with signal , av - macintosh support , easy vertical zoom , and more . signalyze has a large number of spectral analysis tools : spectrograms ( b / w , 16 and 256 colors / grays ) , cepstrograms , cone kernels , lpc - grams , fft spectra and cepstra , and lpc spectra . also included are statistics , db measurement , interpolated signal resampling , transformations , envelopes , zero passages , and filtering . the manual is 224 pages , the on-board contextual help is in english , french and german , and the whole interface is switchable to english , french and german . the program is about 980 k at the present . it runs on any mac from the macplus on up ( 4 mb and hard disk required ) . prices effective january 31 , 1994 : individual license : $ 350 . departmental license : $ 750 . organizational license : $ 1250 extra manuals : $ 25 per manual . shipping costs : 1 . u . s . , canada and europe : $ 10 priority / air mail 2 . rest of the world : $ 20 priority / air mail 3 . 3 - day shipping anywhere in the world : $ 50 """""""" also , """""""" here are some details on the new labeling facility in signalyze ( version 3 . 0 , macintosh - specific software ) . this may be of use to people working in prosody . levels the signalyze labeling operation works by levels . for each label , you specify a level , such as """""""" segment """""""" , """""""" syllable """""""" , """""""" phrase """""""" etc . each level has its own label color and its own , user-definable name . labels are marked for their level by a number placed in front of the label name ( e . g . , """""""" 4 : its """""""" , means that the label """""""" its """""""" is marked for the fourth level ) . what gets labeled you can label either points in the signal or selected portions of the signal . the labels for selected portions are placed at the center of the selection and are marked by angular brackets ( """""""" ) . . . ( """""""" ) . re-editing , adding and deleting labels labels can be re-edited , new labels can be added anywhere in the signal , and labels can be deleted individually or for an entire signal . reproduce labeled segment while the label is open for editing , you can play the selected portion of the signal by doing command - y . if you ' re labeling a selection , and if you ' ve set the audio to play signal selections , you ' ll hear the segment which you ' re about to label . align labels you can choose any of nine different vertical positions for placing labels . when you close a label with a click in the close rectangle or with return , the label automatically """""""" snaps """""""" to the nearest standard position . save labels the label information is saved as a tab - delimited text file with the extension """""""" . lbl """""""" . it is stored in the same folder as the signal file . label format the label format is in the public domain and is fully documented . it is available on the signalyze servers ( see below ) . transparent saving and opening open file operations on signal files that have accompanying """""""" . lbl """""""" text files cause the label information to be read into signalyze . save file operations on signals with labeling information automatically saves the labels in the same folder as the signal . save file operations for signals without labeling information erases whatever label file may have existed in the folder . label in phonetics you can use any phonetic or normal font in the labels . however for phonetics , it is recommended stick to sigpalfont ( the shareware font supplied with signalyze ) . sigpalfont preserves the numbers and angular brackets you need to indicate labeling levels , which is usually not possible with other phonetic fonts . search by label or by level you can search for labels using either a given labeling level or the label 's name . you can specify two separate search patterns . switch between the two patterns with the shift-lock key . more info and demo information on signalyze version 3 . 0 is available as follows : by ftp : ftp macfl4082 . unil . ch or ftp 130 . 223 . 104 . 31 login anonymous by gopher server : name of machine : gopher . unil . ch , find """""""" europe """""""" and """""""" switzerland """""""" , select """""""" university of lausanne """""""" , select """""""" autres gophers de l3unil """""""" , select """""""" faculte des lettres """""""" , select """""""" laboratoire d3analyse informatique de la parole ( laip ) """""""" , select """""""" speech analysis and speech synthesis """""""" , select """""""" signalyze """""""" prof . eric keller ( new email address : eric . keller @ imm . unil . ch ) laboratoire d ' analyse / / ^ | | | | = = \ \ informatique de la parole ( laip ) / / / \ | | | | | | lettres , universite de lausanne / / / / \ \ | | | | = = / / ch-1015 lausanne , switzerland / / / / = = = \ \ | | | | fax + 41 21 6924639 / + 41 21 692 4510 / / = = = = / / \ \ | | | | """""""" . 6 . ucla - uppsala analysis package ( to run on macrecorder files ) """""""" write to : software manager , phonetics lab , linguistics dept , ucla , los angeles , ca 90024-1543 for our order form . it 's $ 5 for just this disk . """""""" ( peter ladefoged ) 7 . gw instruments soundscope ( formerly macspeechlab ii ) ( mac ) """""""" more able to be tailored to individual uses than csl , but also a little clumsier and slower than csl . i think it runs about $ 3000 . """""""" ( alex francis ) c ) for unix 1 . xwaves + it costs around $ 5000 and the manufacturer is : """""""" entropic research laboratory , inc . 600 pennsylvania ave . , se washington dc 20003 usa """""""" ( franke ingolf ) 2 . dsp ( it has the same specifications with the sfs that has been presented above , about dos / windows ) . 3 . sfs ( it has the same specifications with the sfs that has been presented above , about dos / windows ) . 4 . digital ears no more information , only the name of the manufacturer , i . e . metaresearch 5 . ogi speech """""""" this is free ! ! ! i have never used it professionally , but while working at los alamos nat ' l . labs i did get a chance to play with it . it comes with a good manual , and works with a number of different sound-file types , and can be configured for a number of different platforms ( sun & sgi ) . . . . it needs some additional hardware . """""""" ( alex francis ) . 6 . entropic sps software that runs through the xwaves + package . i do not know its prise ; also , i did not understand if it is a latest software improvement of xwaves + . """""""" address : entropic research laboratory , inc . 600 pennsylvania ave . , se washington dc 20003 usa """""""" ( franke ingolf ) additional information : read , buder & kent . ( 1992 ) ' speech analysis systems : an evaluation ' , journal of speech and hearing research , 35 , 314-332 . p . c . bagshaw , s . m . hiller & m . a . jack , ( 1993 ) , ' enhanced pitch tracking and the processing of f0 contours for computer aided intonation teaching ' , proc . 3rd european conference on speech communication and technology , pp 1003 - 6 finally , """""""" natural language software registry the natural language software registry is a catalogue of software implementing core natural language processing techniques , whether available on a commercial or non commercial basis . the current version includes + speech signal processors , such as the computerised speech lab ( kay electronics ) + morphological analysers , such as pc-kimmo ( summer institute for linguistics ) + parsers , such as alveytools ( university of edinburgh ) + knowledge representation systems , such as rhet ( university of rochester ) + multicomponent systems , such as elu ( issco ) , penman ( isi ) , pundit ( unisys ) , sneps ( suny buffalo ) , + applications programs ( misc . ) this document is available on-line via anonymous ftp to ftp . dfki . uni-sb . de ( directory : registry ) , by email to registry @ dfki . uni-sb . de , and by physical mail to the address below . if you have developed a piece of software for natural language processing that other researchers might find useful , you can include it by returning the description form below . if you are interested in the preliminary draft of the registry , do not hesitate to drop us an email message and we will be happy to send it to you . """""""" ( jane edwards )
  """",0
  725,""""Subject: sum : computer transcription
   
   a couple of months ago , i asked the members of this list for help regarding software for the transcription of spoken discourse . i received a large number of answers , some to my personal e-mail address , some ' public ' . in the following i shall quote some of the answers and attempt to sum up what i consider to be the most important info received on the matter : perhaps slightly off the subject a few answers spoke of the possibilities for machine-readable text : quote : ' a company named norris communication ( san diego , ca ) sells a digital recorder that breaks down audio input into machine readable code ( including ascii i assume ) ' ' norris is reputed to be only one of two companies in the usa ( maybe the world ) manufacturing digital audio recorders using so-called """""""" flash chips """""""" ( semiconductor memory chips that permit both read and write functions ) . the digitized flash memory can be """""""" dumped """""""" to a pc in machine readable code ( which i assume would include ascii compatibility - - that 's my assumption ) . i do n't have an address , but i got their telephone number from directory assistance . the company is located in a suburb of san diego , california called poway , california . the listed telephone number is 619-679 - 1504 . if that does n't work for some reason , directory assistance can be reached at 619-555 - 1212 . ' a number of answers centered around using standard word processors ' macro facilities : quote : ' i used to do this quite satisfactorily on the pc using ms word with glossary items to quickly input speaker identification , special character sequences , etc . use a style sheet for controlling formatting . i imagine that word perfect for the pc can do the same thing , especially with its macros . ' ' i ' ve made a set of macro 's which operate on a standardized form to facilitate the transcribing process . essentially what i did is simply reduce all routinely occurring series of keystrokes to one alt - or control - key . ' most transcription software seems to be available for the mac : quote : ' for the macintosh i would definitely use nisus with a macro that has been assigned a short and easy to type keyboard shortcut . from little things like this to far more complex tasks , nisus is amazing . it is truly the power user 's and linguist 's word processor of choice . from what i have seen , it is also the most worldscript - savvy word processor available . if you have n't seen it , check out the new nisuswriter 4 . 0 which should be shipping very soon if not already . ' more info may be available from this internet address : nisus . mktg @ applelink . apple . com syncwriter : quote : ' the mac - programme you mention is syncwriter , i guess . it costs some hundred german marks ' syncwriter is sold by : med - i-bit , hohenfelderstrasse 20 , 22087 hamburg , germany ( phone + 49 40 251 67 125 ) . workbench : quote : ' you are welcome to include the workbench in your summary . however , as you know the bench is not really a transcription program , though it has some features for making transcribing easier - - e . g . the transcription keypad ( with user definable strings and ca symbols ) and the ability to link and play in a loop quicktime movie audio tapes . also , do mention that distribution is limited at this time . the bench is now available on the world wide web . ' for further info , try contacting : thebench @ alishaw . ucsb . edu for dos - based computers : hiat-dos 2 . 2 : quote : ' hiat-dos was developed as a transcription programme everybody can afford ; that is why it lacks certain technical gimmicks . the price of the new version is somewhat between 40 and 80 german marks ( as far as i know ) ; it is distributed by ' : prof . konrad ehlich institut fuer deutsch als fremdsprache lmu muenchen ludwigstrasse 27 d-80359 muenchen fax : germany-089 / 21802116 . quote : ' hiat-dos is a kind of word processing program designed for processing transcripts ; thus you ' ve got a certain format in which you fill the transcript , you ' ve got certain special correction devices etc . it 's a simple tool which is more comfortable for transcription purposes than word processing programs , that 's all . ' recommended reading : ehlich , konrad ( 1992 ) hiat - a transcription system for discourse data . in : edwards , jane a . / lampert , martin d . ( eds . ) talking data . hillsdale n . j . : erlbaum . a couple of other programs ( mac and dos ) were mentioned , but they seem to be unfinished so far . why is it that noone has developed a user-friendly windows - based transcription program ? the above mentioned transcription programs all use the text / music score principle , i . e . , the conversation is printed in ' running ' systems . if you , as i do myself , use standard line transcription , there seems to be very little help out there to save you from adjusting a lot whenever you make any changes or corrections to your transript . one possibility may be a system of macros - perhaps this calls for further discussion in this forum ? ? ? thank you to everyone for your cooperation , karsten gramkow karsten gramkow centre for languages and intercultural studies aalborg university havrevangen 1 dk - 9000 aalborg denmark ph . : + 45 98 15 42 11 , ext . 6229 fax : + 45 98 16 65 66 e-mail : gramkow @ hum . auc . dk
  """",0
  726,""""Subject: cmc / 95
   
   cmc / 95 international conference on cooperative multimodal communication , theory and applications * * * * * * * * * sponsored by the universities of brabant joint research organization ( sobu ) eindhoven , the netherlands , 24-26 may 1995 * * * * * * * * * first announcement and call for papers * * * * * * * * * the eindhoven university of technology , in collaboration with the institute for perception research in eindhoven and the institute for language technology and artificial intelligence in tilburg , will host an international conference on the theory and applications of cooperative multimodal communication to take place in eindhoven , the netherlands , 24-26 may 1995 . the aim of the conference is to bring together scientists involved in research concerning the design , implementation , and application of forms of cooperative human-computer communication where natural language ( typed or spoken ) is used in combination with other modalities , such as visual feedback and direct manipulation . topics of interest * * * * * * * * * the conference will focus on formal , computational , and user aspects of building cooperative multimodal dialogue systems . papers are sought in areas which include , but are not limited to , the following topics : * cooperativity in multimodal dialogue * natural language semantics in a multimodal context * formal and computational models of dialogue context * incremental knowledge representation and dialogue * interacting with visual domain representations * collaborative problem solving * constraint-based approaches to animation and visual modelling * effective use of different interactive modalities * modelling temporal aspects of multimodal communication * type theory and natural language interpretation * knowledge sharing technologies all submitted papers will be refereed by an international programme committee . submission requirements * * * * * * * * * authors are asked to submit an extended abstract of their paper of minimally 4 and maximally 7 pages , including references and keywords , by december 15 , 1994 . only electronical submission will be possible . submitted extended abstracts should be emailed to denk @ kub . nl ; they should preferably be in standard latex format . if , for whatever reason , electronic submission is not possible , please contact the organization committee secretariat ( phone + 31-13 . 66 . 23 . 80 , fax + 13 - 13 . 66 . 29 . 48 ) . important dates * * * * * * * * * submission of extended abstracts 15 december , 1994 notification of acceptance 1 february , 1995 final papers due 15 march , 1995 organization * * * * * * * * * * programme committee : harry bunt ( itk , tilburg ) ( chair ) norman badler ( upenn , philadelphia ) jeroen groenendijk ( uva , amsterdam ) walther von hahn ( hamburg ) dieter huber ( mainz ) hans kamp ( stuttgart ) john lee ( edcaad , edinburgh ) joseph mariani ( limsi , paris ) mark maybury ( mitre , bedford ) paul mckevitt ( university of sheffield ) rob nederpelt ( tue , eindhoven ) kees van overveld ( tue , eindhoven ) ray perrault ( stanford ) donia scott ( brighton ) wolfgang wahlster ( saarbruecken ) bonnie webber ( upenn , philadelphia ) kent wittenburg ( bellcore ) organization committee : robbert - jan beun ( chair ) tijn borghuis harry bunt rob nederpelt marianne wagemans further information * * * * * * * * * * cmc / 95 is scheduled to take place on wednesday , thursday , and friday in 1995 , week 21 . these dates have been chosen in view of the fact that two other , somewhat related conferences will take place elsewhere in europe between monday , may 29 and saturday , june 3 ; one in montpellier , france ( on virtual reality and human-computer interaction ) , and one in hanstholm , denmark ( on spoken dialogue systems ) . it will thus be possible to combine participation in cmc / 95 with that of ( one of ) the other conferences . the participation fee for cmc / 95 is expected to be around dfl 250 , or $ 150 . registration information will be provided in the forthcoming call for participation . further information : for questions concerning the scientific content : harry bunt itk tilburg university p . o . box 90153 , 5000 le tilburg phone + 31 - 13 . 66 . 30 . 60 , fax + 31-13 . 66 . 25 . 37 email : harry . bunt @ kub . nl for questions concerning the organization : robbert - jan beun ipo p . o . box 513 , 5600 mb eindhoven phone + 31 - 40 . 77 . 38 . 73 , fax + 31 - 40 . 77 . 38 . 76 email : rjbeun @ prl . philips . nl for general questions : sobu tilburg university p . o . box 90153 , 5000 le tilburg phone + 31-13 . 66 . 23 . 80 , fax + 13 - 13 . 66 . 29 . 48 . email : denk @ kub . nl
  """",0
  727,""""Subject: re : original karamojong / jie language
   
   leo connolly cross-posted a question about karamojong on linguist and sci . lang . i posted a response on sci . lang , and i ' m cross-posting it here . in article ( 1994nov22 . 145346 . 29219 @ msuvx1 . memphis . edu ) , connolly @ cc . memphis . edu writes : ) a colleague of mine would like to know the latest opinion concerning the ) original language of the """""""" karamojong hordes """""""" and / or jie , who have abandoned ) their original language in favor of that of the masai . does anyone know ) whether their tongue is best described as """""""" nilotic """""""" or """""""" sudanic """""""" ? or does n't ) it matter ? and if greenberg classified this language , which se seems to ave ) done , does anyone know if his classification is still generally accepted ( a ) fair question in view of his more recent amerindian debacle ) ? ) bill welmers , in his """""""" checklist of language and dialect names """""""" ( sebeok , t . a . , 1971 , current trends in linguistics , vol . 7 : linguistics in sub - saharan africa , the hague : mouton ) lists karamojong as a member of the chari - nile branch of nilo - saharan . in the same volume , greenberg 's article """""""" nilo - saharan and meroitic """""""" gives a little more detail , assigning it to the teso group of eastern nilotic , itself a branch of eastern sudanic , which is a branch of chari - nile . its cognate languages within teso are teso , toposa , and turkana . i do n't work on nilo - saharan , so i ' m not up to date on current classification . however , in african languages as a whole , greenberg 's four major families , niger - congo , nilo - saharan , afro - asiatic , and khoi - san have stood up pretty well for the last 30 years . there has been some discussion of a relationship between niger - congo and nilo - saharan , but no convincing case has yet been published . within niger - congo there has been some realignment ( john bendor - samuel , 1991 , the niger - congo languages , university press of america ) , the most significant being the shifting of the benue - congo boundary some 600 or so miles westwards to include what greenberg called eastern kwa . greenberg 's southern cushitic ( afro - asiatic ) is now referred to as omotic and its membership in afro - asiatic seems to be in some doubt . otherwise his african classification works remarkably well . as an africanist who was in graduate school towards the end of the debate on greenberg 's african classification , i see some strong parallels with the amerindian debate . the vehemence , even rancor , of his critics back in the fifties and sixties was no less than what we ' ve seen more recently . it is certainly unfortunate that there is apparently so much flawed data in his american work , something i can't judge but apparently much more than was in his african work , but at the same time his method of mass comparison is more archeological in nature than linguistic and has a remarkably high tolerance for error . i consider the jury still out . flames accepted but probably ignored . herbert stahlke , associate director email : 00hfstahlke @ bsu . edu university computing services phone : 317-285 - 1843 ball state university fax : 317-285 - 1797 muncie , in 47306
  """",0
  728,""""Subject: graduate research training program
   
   computational aspects of cognitive science nsf graduate research training program cornell university the graduate fields of computer science and cognitive studies at cornell university announce a research training program for phd students who wish to focus their studies on computational aspects of cognitive science in general , and on human computation in particular . funding for five graduate trainees is provided by the national science foundation and awarded through the cornell graduate school . program description : award recipients pursue a phd in computer science and a minor in cognitive studies . in addition to the standard computer science program , each trainee will receive a firm grounding in formal and computational approaches to language and cognition , and will bring that training to bear on interdisciplinary research problems that connect computer science with other disciplines such as linguistics , philosophy , or psychology . examples of focus areas include artificial intelligence , computational linguistics , formal models of human computation , human and automated inference , intelligent information retrieval , learning theory , robotics , user - machine interfaces , and vision . stipend : each award carries a stipend of $ 14 , 100 per year , plus tuition and fees , extendible for up to five years of study ( assuming continuation of the grant by nsf ) . eligibility : award recipients must be admitted to , and continue in good standing in , the computer science phd program at cornell university . only us citizens and permanent residents are eligible for traineeship appointments . minority applicants , women applicants , and applicants with disabilities are especially encouraged . application procedure : formal application to the nsf graduate research trainee program occurs through the cornell graduate school . applicants should apply to the phd program in computer science and indicate with their application that they wish to be considered for a traineeship in computational aspects of cognitive science . application material may be requested from : computer science department graduate office 4126 upson hall cornell university ithaca , ny 14853 phone : ( 607 ) 255-8593 email : phd @ cs . cornell . edu the application deadline for fall 1995 is january 10 , 1995 . additional information : for more information about the traineeship program , please contact : sue wurster cognitive studies program 273a uris hall cornell university ithaca , ny 14853 phone : ( 607 ) 255-6431 email : cogst @ cornell . edu sue wurster email : cogst @ cornell . edu cognitive studies phone : 607 255-6431 273a uris hall fax : 607 255-8433 hours : m 8 : 00-12 : 00 t 12 : 30 - 5 : 00 w 8 : 00-12 : 00 r 12 : 30 - 5 : 00 f 11 : 00 - 4 : 00
  """",0
  729,""""Subject: annual conference of the gldv
   
   9 . gldv jahrestagung 1995 30 . - 31 . 3 . 1995 universitaet regensburg aufruf zur teilnahme die gldv wurde vor genau zwanzig jahren unter dem namen ldv-fittings gegruendet . die ziele des vereins waren damals die foerderung der linguistischen datenverarbeitung v . a . durch den austausch von edv - know-how und programmen . mit der etablierung der computerlinguistik als wissenschaftsgebiet wurde die gldv zum fachverband der computerlinguisten . jubilaen sollten auch dazu dienen , sich kritisch damit auseinanderzusetzen , ob die bei der gruendung des vereins gesteckten ziele sinnvoll waren , ob und wie sie erreicht wurden und wie weit eine revision notwendig und wuenschenswert ist . im rahmen einer podiumsdiskussion mit gruendungsmitgliedern sollen dieser kritische rueckblick diskutiert und perspektiven furr die zukuenftige arbeit entwickelt werden . ein zweiter schwerpunkt der tagung soll auf die angewandte computerlinguistik gelegt werden . dabei geht es um die bedeutung , die nlp - systeme im kontext graphischer und multimedialer anwendungen haben koennen . beispiele dafuer sind neuere entwicklungen im information retrieval incl . hypertext , hilfesysteme , anwendungsperspektiven von nlp - systemen , evaluierung u . ae . diese thematik wird in vier sektionen vertieft werden : sektion : fuzzy linguistik ( organisation : ch . womser - hacker ) sektion : gesprochene sprache v . a . anwendungen und oberflaechen ( organisation : e . noeth ) sektion : nlp - anwendungen ( organisation : g . thurmair ) sektion : grammatik und implementation ( organisation : r . hausser ) zeitplan : september 94 call for papers 14 . jan . 95 deadline : einreichen von extended abstracts 7 . feb . 95 benachrichtigung ueber annahme der vortraege 30 . - 31 . maerz 95 tagung in regensburg 8 . april 95 abgabe der druckfertigen fassung der beitraege fuer den tagungsband . der tagungsband erscheint nach der tagung im verlag georg olms . programmkomitee : haller ( saarbruecken ) hausser ( erlangen ) heyer ( leipzig ) hitzenberger ( regensburg ) krause ( regensburg ) lenders ( bonn ) lutz ( koblenz ) puetz ( kiel ) seewald ( hannover ) thurmair ( muenchen ) organisationskomitee : j . krause l . hitzenberger ch . womser - hacker tagungsort : universituet regensburg inst . fuer allg . und indogermanische sprachwissenschaft fg : informationswissenschaft auskuenfte : l . hitzenberger universitaet regensburg phil . fak . iv universitstsstrasse 31 93040 regensburg e-mail : ludwig . hitzenberger @ sprachlit . uni-regensburg . de tel . : 0941 / 943-4195 fax : 0941 / 943-3585 url : http : / / rsls8 . sprachlit . uni-regensburg . de / gldv . html
  """",0
  730,""""Subject: workshop on language change and generative syntax , dec 16-17
   
   graduiertenkolleg """""""" linguistische grundlagen fuer die sprachverarbeitung """""""" """""""" linguistic foundations of language processing """""""" institut fuer linguistik - universitaet stuttgart postfach 10 60 37 , 70049 stuttgart , 0711 / 121 3139 ( 5 . stock , keplerstrasse 17 , 70174 stuttgart ) workshop on * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * language change and generative syntax * * * * university of stuttgart , december 16 - 17 , 1994 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * venue : room 17 . 94 , keplerstrasse 17 , 70174 stuttgart programme : friday , december 16 , 1994 9 . 45 - 10 . 00 opening 10 . 00 - 10 . 45 werner abraham ( groningen ) the decay of the verbal genitive in german 10 . 45 - 11 . 15 coffee break 11 . 15 - 12 . 00 richard schrodt ( vienna ) predicate - status and case in german : does a satisfactory systematic solution for the decay of the verbally governed genitive really exist ? 12 . 00 - 12 . 45 karin pittner ( stuttgart ) attraction , deletion and verbal position : the case of german 12 . 45 - 15 . 00 lunch 15 . 00 - 15 . 45 paola beninca & cecilia poletto ( padua - cnr ) the diachronic development of some modal auxiliaries through the history of italian 15 . 45 - 16 . 30 josep fontana ( ohio state ) some problems in the study of word order in old spanish 16 . 30 - 17 . 00 coffee break 17 . 00 - 17 . 45 patrick andre mather ( mcgill / pittsburgh ) french and german : a case study on contact - induced language change 17 . 45 - 18 . 30 richard waltereit ( berlin ) syntax at the limit - on the diachrony of french holophrases 20 . 00 - . . . dinner saturday , december 17 , 1994 10 . 00 - 10 . 45 ian roberts ( bangor ) speculations on the development of v2 10 . 45 - 11 . 15 coffee break 11 . 15 - 12-00 georg kaiser ( hamburg ) from """""""" full v2 """""""" to """""""" residual v2 """""""" and free inversion . subject - verb order development in french 12 . 00 - 12 . 45 susan clack ( bangor ) have and be in brythonic celtic and the implications for brythonic and germanic v2 12 . 45 - 15 . 00 lunch 15 . 00 - 15 . 45 fred weerman ( utrecht ) deflexion and the relation between morphological and abstract case 15 . 45 - 16 . 30 silvia luraghi ( rome ) coordination and subordination in hittite 16 . 30 - 17 . 00 coffee break 17 . 00 - 17 . 45 kees van dijk ( amsterdam ) the ipp - effect in middle dutch 17 . 45 - 18 . 30 jack hoeksema ( groningen ) present participle constructions in older modern dutch : verb first and verb raising patterns 20 . 00 - . . . one night in stuttgart . . . for further information , please contact : gisella ferraresi & julia philippi institut fuer linguistik / germanistik universitaet stuttgart postfach 10 60 37 d-70049 stuttgart germany e - mail : julia @ ims . uni-stuttgart . de
  """",0
  731,""""Subject: iv congreso argentino de hispanistas
   
   announcement follows . send all queries to hispanistas @ unmdp . edu . ar * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * iv congreso argentino de hispanistas mar del plata , argentina . 18-20 de mayo de 1995 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * organiza la universidad nacional de mar del plata y la asociaci ' on argentina de hispanistas . se invita a presentar trabajos en las ' areas de literatura y linguyistica del espanyol . enviar el resumen del trabajo ( 30 l ' ineas de 65 cpl ) antes del 20 de diciembre de 1994 . se aceptan envios por correo electr ' onico . enviar el trabajo completo ( max . 200 l ' ineas de 65 cpl ) antes del 31 de marzo de 1995 . se ruega enviar copia impresa junto con la version en floppy disk para wp o compatible . aranceles : u $ s30 antes del 20 de diciembre de 1994 enviar cheque o giro postal a nombre de rodolfo rodriguez . solicitar informaci ' on adicional a hispanistas @ unmdp . edu . ar marta villarino facultad de humanidades universidad nacional de mar del plata funes 3350 7600 . mar del plata buenos aires argentina
  """",0
  732,""""Subject: final voiceless velar fricative - ) stop
   
   in response to a query about any language where a final voiceless velar fricative changed regularly to a stop , wayles browne supplied the example of some montenegrin dialects of serbo - croatian . references : pavle ivic ' , die serbokroatischen dialekte , i . , mouton & co . , the hague 1958 , p . 145 , 213 radosav bos """""""" kovic ' , """""""" o prirodi , razvitku i zamenicima glasa h u govorima crne gore """""""" , in his book _ odabrani c """""""" lanci i rasprave _ , titograd 1978 . the same book has a french summary of a work he wrote together with m . mal / ecki , _ przegla , d dialekto ' w starej czarnogo ' ry _ . pavle ivic ' , ed . , _ fonolos """""""" ki opisi srpskohrvatskih / hrvatskosrpskih , slovenac """""""" kih i makedonskih govora obuhvac ' enih ops """""""" teslovenskim lingvistic """""""" kim atlasom _ = posebna izdanja knjiga lv , odjeljenje drus """""""" tvenih nauka knjiga 9 , sarajevo : akademija nauka i umjetnosti bosne i hercegovine 1981 . i have also found that some southern polish dialects exhibit an identical sound change , as discussed in : dejna , karol . 1973 . dialekty polskie . wroc ~ aw - - warsaw - - cracow - - gda ~ sk : ossolineum . for additional comments and suggestions i would like to thank : steven johnson lar martin fosse jakob dempsey kevin donnaile
  """",0
  733,""""Subject: snow 3 1 / 2
   
   dear linguists , i ' ve been following the discussion about snowy words here and elsewhere for some time now , and i can't but disagree with douglas j . glick ( see vol-5 - 1322 ) in two points . for one , i do n't find the discussion """""""" relatively uninteresting """""""" . it is interesting indeed to see what kind of ideas about the issue as such and linguistics in general tonguesters ( or is l . more p . c . ? : - ) put forward . it so happened that i encountered this nice passage in a book i bought a few days ago : whereas english [ . . . ] has only one word for _ snow _ ( or two if we include _ sleet _ ) , eskimo has several . trudgill ( 1974 ) : 27 this is a book written for the general audience , by a native speaker of english , who """""""" has been a lecturer in the department of linguistic science at the university of reading since 1970 """""""" ( op . cit . ) , and it is twenty years old . but you sometimes still hear assertions like the above , and i know the same thing from german speakers . still , in german we have at least schnee , schnee ( - mann , - regen , matsch ) , ( schnee ) flocke , neuschnee , harsch , waechte , lawine , loipe , hagel , graupel , and for english , snow , snow ( bank , fort , house , man , - mixed-with - rain , - flake , - storm ) , slush ( snow ) , ( snow ) cornice , avalanche , blizzard , dusting , flurry , frost , hail , hardpack , igloo , pingo , powder , sleet . in these lists , i ' m including some at least seemingly semantically transparent compounds like neuschnee ( ` new + snow ' ) , schneeregen snow + rain ' ) and so on , as well as some words that are only frosty and not very snowy , as well as some that have only to do with snow and nothing else . in a serious collection , the data should be much richer , in order to have a borderline between good and bad examples fall well within the field , allow an assessment of the fuzzyness of this line , and , perhaps , discover some model for the cognitive structure of the words in question . ( the data for the english list is , apart from some editing , taken from tony woodbury 's posting ( see vol-5 - 1239 ) ) . granted not everything white in the listings given is snow , how can we comment on the quotation above ? at least , the writer should have told the reader why so many snowy words of english do not count as snow , or , perhaps , that eskimo in his opinion has no cover term , where english does have one . as it stands , however , it should make everybody very cautious about obtaining data of any language - - - including , obviously , their own - - - by way of secondary sources . likewise , how much do the manymany ` facts ' drawn from ` exotic ' ( i . e . , not very well documented ) languages count , which , for example , phonologists like to decorate their elaborate articles with ? two , i do n't really get the point in excluding words like cornice from a snowy list . now if there are people out there who use the word primarily to denote some sort of snow formation and feel the word is in its * architectural * meaning of rather metaphorical nature , what 's the point in telling them they ' re ` really ' wrong ? in german , waechte , flocke and harsch might very well be derived from some other morphemes . in fact , this only tells us eskimo is not very well documented . i guess a lot of those words the hoax claims as semantically primitive would turn out much more connected to the rest of the vocabulary had we only the relative wealth of historical data we have for the indoeuropean languages . back to german again , flocke to me primarily denotes not ` something flaky ' but rather precisely ` a snowflake ' , and all other usages seem to be derived from that . harsch seems to be connected with harsch ` harsh ' ; but used as a noun , what other denotation but that kind of slighly melted and frozen snow does it have ? loipe is the kind of tracks skiers use in their discipline and , i guess , not a ` very german ' word - - - but disregarding borrowed words is just as silly as looking down on adopted children . anyway , there seems to be a need for that word . it 's snowy , very specialized , and , for my feeling , totally unconnected with any other word in german . of course i might be totally wrong ( and loipe is derived from ( ski ) laufen ` to run ( to ski ) ' ) . now there 's the point . linguists are looking , on the one hand , into history to find out what really happened and try to extrapolate people 's minds to describe what 's really going on . if there 's someone with a lot of waechten and cornices and flakes on his mind , but with no connection to other non-snowy words for him , this is a fact of that ideolect . of course , as soon some linguist comes along and tells him the historical truth , behaviour and concepts of the speaker might change . . . even if in fact it was some sort of folk-etymology he absorbed when listening to the linguist : - ) . folk - etymology is there because it is a way we can imagine things to be . . . so , what layer of this person 's brain is it that synchronic word counting is claiming to acount for , and how historical a derivation is allowed or necessary in historical linguistics ? finally , i would like to point out that apart from some pretty specialized words having to do woth snow , rain is another phenomenon languages may have more or less to say about . in german , for example , you have niesel and nieselregen , denoting a very light rain or spray . there seem to be no other uses or compounds for this word apart from es nieselt , however , and no immediately related , more basic word niesel could be said to be derived from . so , we have wasser , regen , niesel , and more . eskimo does n't appear that much outlandish any more , does it ? quotation taken from : trudgill , peter : _ sociolinguistics : an introduction _ . penguin books . 1974 wolfgang lipp castor @ fub46 . zedat . fu-berlin . de i52023 @ sakura . kudpc . kyoto-u . ac . jp
  """",0
  734,""""Subject: 
   
   syntax c . s . rhys , d . adger and a . von klopp ( eds ) , functional categories , argument structure and parametric variation . price 7 . 75 ( pounds sterling ) ; 179pp . centre for cognitive science , university of edinburgh . working papers in cognitive science , vol 9 . available from inhouse publications secretary , centre for cognitive science , 2 buccleuch place , edinburgh , eh8 9lw ( email : diane @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk ) how is argument structure projected into the syntax , and how does it interact specifically with information contributed by functional heads ? the papers in this volume address these questions within a broadly gb - based framework cross-linguistically covering empirical issues such as auxiliaries , nominalisations , case-patternings , coordination , temporal interpretation and binding . the papers tend to converge towards a recognition of the non-ambiguity of lexemes and of the rich structure of their internal specification . ihp postal charges are : uk 1 . 50 , world surface 2 . 50 world airmail 5 . 50 ( all figures pound sterling ) . semantics harvey , mandy , and lynn santelmann ( eds . ) , proceedings from semantics and linguistic theory iv 1994 299pp . paperbound cost : $ 18 . 00 students , $ 20 . 00 non-students ( prepaid ) for further information on the contents of this and other dmll publications and how to order , please contact dmll publications at books @ plab . dmll . cornell . edu . phonology harris , john ( university college london ) ; english sound structure ; 1994 ; 336 pp ; blackwell ; hb 0-631 - 18261 - 6 ; pb 0-631 - 18741 - 3 . inspection copy requests : ( usa ) blkwell @ world . std . com ; ( uk ) inspcopies @ cix . compulink . co . uk . the book is as much about phonological theory as about the phonology of english . it is designed as a text for use on intermediate and advanced courses but will be of value to anyone interested in recent theoretical developments in the field . drawing on material from a wide range of dialects , the book explores the view that phonological differences between grammars are constrained by universal principles and occur within fixed bounds defined by a small number of parameters . phenomena discussed include vowel length , syllabic structure , consonantal weakening , and vowel reduction and syncope . slavic ling kto est ' kto v sovremennoj rusistike ( who 's who in russian linguistics ; in russian ) , ed . by yuri karaulov ( moscow ) and arto mustajoki ( helsinki ) . 1994 . 330 pp . hard - covered . distributor libri academici , fax ( + 358 ) - 0-13114332 . fim 250 ( approx . $ 50 ) + s / h . isbn 952-90 - 5536 - 6 . more information about the book and the possibility of using a credit card : mustajok @ waltari . helsinki . fi . first attempt to collect information on specialists in russian linguistics from all over the world . contains entries on more than 650 linguists specialising in russian , among them such famous scholars as adamec , apresyan , arutyunova , chvany , corbett , zolotova . if you are not included in the first edition of the book and you would like to be mentioned in the second edition , please send your e-mail address or fax to arto mustajoki ( mustajok @ waltari . helsinki . fi ) , who will contact you later . obs ! you can avoid shipping costs by using visa , mastercard or eurocard . give your name and address and card number ( + expiry date of your card ) by e-mail : mustajok @ waltari . helsinki . fi
  """",0
  735,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1344 native speaker intuitions
   
   the discussion on native speaker intuitions has been extremely interesting , but i worry that my brief intervention may have muddied the waters . i take it that there are a number of separable issues . the first is the extent to which a native speaker is likely to judge a lexical string as grammatical or ungrammatical per se . the second is concerned with the relationships between syntax and interpretation ( although even here the distinction may not be entirely clear cut ) . most english speakers would probably judge child teacher the the asked leave to room the as both ungrammatical and uninterpretable . however , my couple of sentences ( which were from a source that i no longer recall - apologies ! ) raise slightly different issues . if it is possible to interpret the following : 1 . the child asked the teacher to leave the room 2 . the teacher asked the child to leave the room as having the same consequences ( i . e . that it was the child who left the room ) then it seems to me that the relationship between grammatical representation and interpretation is inherently unstable . just because some native speakers solve the problem in one way should not override the empirical fact that other native speakers solve it in another way . if we take the strings : 3 . i would ' ve done it . and the emphatice assertion : 4 . i really would have / of ( / ov / ) it would seem that , on the evidence of ( some ) british speakers ' phonologies , have = of . i . e . , they treat of as a verb in some circumstances . as prescriptivists , we can tell them that they are wrong , and explain ( by analogy ? ) why they are wrong . as descripivists , though , it seems that we have to take such native-speaker intuitions at their face value . in the latter case , we are left with a conundrum and one that seems to me particularly relevant to the problem of second language teaching : who is a native speaker ? for what it is worth , i have tried to explore these issues more detail in ' language and the linguists ' , _ social semiotics _ ( 1993 ) , 3 , 2 , 161-181 tony bex
  """",0
  736,""""Subject: number invariance : summary
   
   several weeks ago i posted a call for help identifying languages in which nouns may show the same form of number with all enumerating numerals . examples from english , which does not in general allow such number invariance , include the noun ' head ' in ' one head of cattle ' , ' two head of cattle ' , etc . and , more systematically , nouns compounded with numerals ( cf . two-car garage , three-body problem , four-week ins - titute , five-page summary , six-foot high ) . a summary of the responses follows . please feel free to add to this list ( or to take issue with my summaries ) . thanks to patrick farrell , tim pulju and all the sources mentioned below . thanks also to the res - pondents who provided the following general discussion of number invar - iance and english compounds : churma , d . ( 1983 ) """""""" jets fans , raider rooters , and the interaction of morphosyntactic processes """""""" . cls 19 ( paravolume ) churma , d . ( 1987 ) """""""" explaining level ordering , and how not to parse a word """""""" . bls 13 . rijkhoff , j . 1991 . """""""" nominal aspect """""""" . journal of semantics 8 - 4 , 291-309 . rijkhoff , j . 1992 . the noun phrase : a typological study of its form and structure . doctoral dissertation , university of amsterdam . [ esp . ch . 3 . 1 . 1 . pp . 74-103 ] rijkhoff , j . forthcoming ? . """""""" ` number ' disagreement """""""" . proceedings of the xvth international congress of linguists , 9-14 august 1992 , quebec , canada . 1 ) australian : many australian languages show number invariance . although they generally have a plural morpheme that may be affixed to nouns , this is not used unless required by pragmatic considera - tions . thus , in pitjantjatjara ( western desert ) , ngampu is ' egg ' , and we have ngampu marnkurpa ' three eggs ' . references on pitjantja - tjara : goddard , cliff . 1993 . a learner 's guide to pitjantjatjara / yankunytjatjara . alice springs : institute for aboriginal development trudinger ; ronald m . 1943 . grammar of the pitjantjatjara dialect , central australia . oceania xiii : 3 , 205-223 source : rob pensalfini ( rjpensal @ mit . edu ) 2 ) basque : nouns in indefinite nps behave like possibly all turkic languages in using an invariant form of the noun with all numerals . examples : gizon bat ` one man ' , bi gizon ` two men ' ( bizkaian gizon bi ) , hiru gizon ` three men ' . noun plurality may be marked , however , in nps containing definite determiners . one such determiner is the """""""" ordinary """""""" or """""""" definite """""""" article - a , which is a suffix . examples : gizon bata ` the one man ' ( rare ) , bi gizonak ` the two men ' , ` both men ' ( bizkaian gizon biak ) , hiru gizonak ` the three men ' , ` all three men ' . references : la - fitte , pierre ( 1944 ) , grammaire basque , pp . 76-78 . saltarelli , mario ( 1988 ) basque , p . 172 . source : larry trask ( larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk ) 3 ) celtic : in welsh ( an perhaps in all celtic languages ) , all cardinal numbers obligatorily take thesingular of the follow - ing noun ( cf . ci 'd og ' , cwn 'd ogs ' : un ci , dau gi , tri chi , pedwar ci , pum ci , chwe chi , saith ci , wyth ci , naw ci , deg ci . . . ( ' one dog , two dogs . . . ten dogs ' ) . there is , however , an alternative partitive construction , especially favoured with higher numbers , and here you get the plural : pump o gwn , chwech o gwn . . . ( lit . ' five of dogs , six of dogs ' ) . any welsh grammar book will give you a reliable description . references : ball , m . ( ed ) ' the celtic languages ' routledge , 1993 . sources : nigel love ( nlove @ beattie . uct . ac . za ) martin j . ball ( mj . ball @ ulst . ac . uk ) 4 ) chaha : in chaha there is no plural morpheme ( cf . at bet ' one house ' , xwet bet ' two houses ' ) , except in some lexically marked plurals on a very small number of nouns ( cf . at arc ' one boy ' , xwet dengya ' two boys ' ) . source : banksira degif petros ( d217704 @ er . uqam . ca ) 5 ) chinese : chinese does just what you wrote : yi tou niu ' one tou cow ' , where tou is a classifier for domestic animals ( and also a noun in its own right meaning head ) . source : paul woods ( woodspr @ osuunx . ucc . okstate . edu ) 6 ) choctaw : choctaw nouns are never marked for number under any cir - cumstances . number marking is diffuse and lexical , meaning there are a variety of non-parallel strategies for indicating the number value of particular nouns . source : marcia haag ( haag @ monk . nhn . uoknor . edu ) 7 ) dutch : dutch words for time intervals like kwartier ' quarter ' , and uur ' hour ' are always singular . maand ' month ' and jaar ' year ' usually remain singular . seconde , minuut , dag 'd ay ' , nacht ' night ' , week , and eeuw ' century ' take plural morphology when there is two or more of them . meter , centimeter , kilometer , hectoliter , kilo - ( gram ) and frank , always remain singular too . sources : bert peeters ( peeters @ postoffice . utas . edu . au ) patricia haegeman ( fte . haegeman . p @ alpha . ufsia . ac . be ) 8 ) english creole of new guinea ( = neomelanesian ? ) : here we have examples like wan pela man ' one man ' ( lit . ' one fellow man ' ) , tu pela man ' two men ' ( lit . two fellow man ) . similar facts may be found in ( some ) of the underlying local langua - ges . sources : brian drayton ( brian _ drayton @ terc . edu ) from personal communication with anthony arlotto , e . wayles browne ( ewb2 @ cornell . edu ) . 9 ) finno - ugric : hungarian has a plural morpheme - k . yet , in spite of plurals like toll ( a ) k ' pencils ' , one says egy toll ' one pencil , ket toll ' two pencil ' , harom toll ' three pencil ' . . . , sok toll ' many pen - cil ' . further examples : kapu ' gate ' has a plural kapuk ' gates ' . yet we have hat kapu 's ix gates ' . finnish works the same way . sources : roman agnes ( aromi @ eratos . erin . utoronto . ca ) edith a moravcsik ( edith @ csd . uwm . edu ) 10 ) georgian : generally , nouns following a cardinal number remain in the singular . measure words are not used . source : john peterson ( gor05 @ rz . uni-kiel . d400 . de ) 11 ) german : gerhard helbig & joachim buscha , deutsche grammatik says on p . 528 that some measure nouns ( mostly feminines ) dis - tinguish between singular and plural in phrases like eine flas - che sekt """""""" a bottle of sparkling wine """""""" - zwei flaschen sekt . a list follows : die buchse , die dose , die kiste , der krug , die schussel , der tag , die tasse , die woche . . . other measure nouns ( mostly neuter ) keep the singular : ein stuck zucker - drei stuck zucker , ein kasten bier - drei kasten ( or drei ka """""""" sten [ the pl ] ) bier . likewise : das blatt , das glas , das kilo , die mark , das meter , das paar , das pfund , der sack . . . ( the . . . is in the original ) . soruce : e . wayles brown ( ewb2 @ cornell . edu ) 12 ) indic : in hindi , a measure of time , distance , mass , etc . is left in the singular with cardinal numbers numbers . otherwise , common nouns appear in the plural after a number . measure words are not used . as with hindi , a measure of time , distance , mass , etc . is left in the singular in nepali . in addition , common nouns here are generally left in the singular and one of two measure words is used : janaa for humans , vataa for animals and things . this un - doubtedly is due to tibeto - burman influence . source : john peterson ( gor05 @ rz . uni-kiel . d400 . de ) 13 ) indonesian ( bahasa indonesia ) : although one may pluralise a noun by reduplication , this is a non-specific form of the plur - al ( cf . kucing ' cat ' , kucing-kucing ' cats ' ) . if one wanted to say five cats , it would simply be : lima ekor kucing ' five classifier cat ' . i am pretty sure that ' lima ekor kucing-kucing ' would get a star , but i ' ll give it a provisional question mark . reference : mac - donald , r . ross . 1976 indonesian reference grammar . washington , dc : georgetown university press . source : rob pensalfini ( rjpensal @ mit . edu ) 14 ) japanese : has no inflectional morphology for nouns , and thus ex - hibits number invariance completely . source : steve seegmiller ( seegmiller @ apollo . montclair . edu ) 15 ) kiribati ( = gilbertese ) : the unmarked form bentira ' pencil ' is used for example in a . ai bentira ' four pencils ' ( lit . ' four . long unit pencil ' ) and a . botaki bentira ' four groups of pencils ' ( lit . ' four . group pencil ' ) . source : martin silverman ( mgs @ unixg . ubc . ca ) 16 ) modern persian : in an afghan variety of persian one can say yak bacha ` one brother ' , do bacha ` two brothers ' , se bacha ` three broth - ers ' , char bacha ` four brothers ' , etc . references : any grammar of modern persian . also carleton hodge has numerous publications descri - bing aspects of persian structure . source : charles scott ( cscott @ macc . wisc . edu ) 17 ) newari : this tibeto - burman functions like nepali ( see indic above ) in this respect . the main difference is that newari almost always has a measure word after a cardinal number . generally , only nouns denoting living beings have a plural form . reference : hans joergensen , a grammar of the classical newari . copenhagen : ejnar munksgaard , 1941 . ( det kgl . danske videnskabernes selskab , hist . - filol . meddelelser , xxvii , 3 . ) source : john peterson ( gor05 @ rz . uni-kiel . d400 . de ) 18 ) niger - congo : for bambara , c . bailleul ( cours pratique de bambara , iii : types de phrases . imprimerie de la savane . bobo - dioulasso , 1977 ) only mentions cn num , while c . bird et al . ( an ka bamanan kalan : beginning bambara . iulc , 1977 ) say an addition - al possibility is cn num pl - def ( p . 43 ) . dogon seems to have just cn num ( cf . kervran , m . & a . prost les parler dogons i . donno so . documents linguistiques 16 , universite de dakar , 1969 ) . source : chris culy ( cculy @ vaxa . weeg . uiowa . edu ) 19 ) semitic : semitic often makes """""""" no statement as to number """""""" . nouns have regular plurals , but in counting you use the plural form only up to 10 and then revert to the singular . in hebrew this is most normal with time words , which happen also to be a small group of words that has a dual , as well . so for """""""" yom """""""" ( day ) you count """""""" yom exad """""""" , yomayim ( the dual ) , and from 3 to 10 it 's """""""" shlosha yamim . . . asara yamim . """""""" then you usually switch back to """""""" axad-asar yom """""""" ( 11 ) , etc . standard arabic counting is far messier with cases interfering , too , though all modern spoken arabics are more like hebrew . ( they do n't have a syntax that would allow complression into """""""" a three-day conference """""""" type of phrase . ) source : bob fradkin ( raf100f @ oduvm . cc . odu . edu ) 20 ) siouan : siouan languages mark number in the verb , not the noun . noun , so there being no plural morphology for nouns , they are natur - ally invariant with numerals ( numerals are a sort of verb , actually some of the languages can mark number in nps by choosing among var - ious forms of the definite article , which marks positional / configur - ational gender . collections of things have a different configura - tion from single items , so a different article . source : john e . koontz ( koontz @ alpha . bldr . nist . gov ) 21 ) turkish : turkish and perhaps all turkic languages have a plur - al inflection - ler / - lar which is usually omitted if a numeral marks the np as plural ( unless definiteness is expressed ) . examples : adam ` man ' , adamlar ` men ' , ` the men ' , bir adam ` one man ' , iki adam ` two men ' , iki adamlar ` the two men ' , ` both men ' . references : lewis , tur - kish grammar , clarendon press , pp . 25-26 , or underhill , turkish gram - mar , mit press . sources : edith a moravcsik ( edith @ csd . uwm . edu ) steve seegmiller ( seegmiller @ apollo . montclair . edu ) larry trask ( larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk ) e . wayles browne ( ewb2 @ cornell . edu )
  """",0
  737,""""Subject: the comparative method and syntactic reconstruction
   
   the ongoing discussion in the list about the comparative method has raised questions about its applicability to syntactic reconstruction . i have the impression that with increasing frequency , one comes across statements such as the following in the literature : """""""" most of the attested languages in language family x have some syntactic property . therefore we can assume that proto - x had this property . """""""" or """""""" of all the languages in family y , only language ( a ) has some particular syntactic property . therefore we can assume that this property of ( a ) is an innovation not present in proto - y . """""""" in other words , there is the tacit assumption that the comparative method can be applied to syntax . but can it ? could anything resembling latin syntax be reconstructed through comparison of the syntax of the modern romance languages ? most of the modern germanic languages are svo . should we therefore reconstruct proto - germanic ( almost surely incorrectly ) as svo ? standard introductions to historical linguistics ( e . g . anttila , jeffers & lehiste , etc . ) argue that the comparative method is inapplicable to syntactic reconstruction due to the fact that there is no analog in syntax to regular sound change . oversimplifying a bit , words are composed of phonemes ; the comparative method assumes that phonemic change in one word in a particular environment will be mirrored by like changes in other words in similar environments . but what are the syntactic analogues of words and phonemes ? and furthermore , syntactic change can be fairly catyclysmic , restructuring grammars wholesale in one generation - - unlikely or impossible with phonological systems . i would be interested in hearing the opinions of others on the question of syntactic reconstruction on the basis of comparing similarities and differences ; also , i wonder if there has been discussion in the literature that has led to a change in opinion from what i took to be the standard position that the comparative method is inapplicable . fritz newmeyer fjn @ u . washington . edu
  """",0
  738,""""Subject: job posting
   
   columbia university 517 philosophy hall french and romance philology new york , ny 10027 assistant professor , recent ph . d . in french , with strong qualifications in applied linguistics and foreign language pedagogy , will coordinate language instruction and organize supervision of teaching assistants . must have native-like command of french and be qualified to teach advanced composition and conversation . this search is contingent upon funding availability . columbia university is an aa / eo employer . deadline : 12 / 07 / 94 . send letter , vita , writing sample , and placement dossier to prof . antoine compagnon , chair .
  """",0
  739,""""Subject: job opportunity
   
   i am sending this information on behalf of dr . jong - hwan lee , visiting scholar at michigan state university . full - time lecturer of english as a foreign language in korea kunsan national university kunsan national university ( south-west of korea ) is now opening a full time lecturer position for the term starting march 1 , 1995 . payment ( starting salary ) : approximately $ 2 , 000 a month when it is converted into us dollars , with housing and a round-trip ticket provided teaching : english conversation , about 10 hours a week time : 1 year , but , to be able to extend the period in accordance with the agreement between the two hiring requirement : eligibility : ma degree with one year teaching career or ph . d degree ( s / he will be treated cordially who graduated from dept . of english , linguistics or american thought & language ) document : cv with a photo a copy of a certificate of degree ( ba and ma ) a copy of a certificate of academic records contact : dr . jong - hwan lee , a visiting scholar at michigan state university 1204 # c university village east lansing mi 48823 ph . ( 517 ) 355-5970
  """",0
  740,""""Subject: job position
   
   university of stuttgart institute of computational linguistics positions in transfer , semantics , logic and theorem proving the institute of computational linguistics at the university of stuttgart has a number of research positions in the sonderforschungsbereich """""""" linguistic foundations for computational linguistics """""""" and the verbmobil project . the positions involve research into : computational semantics ; transfer ; inference modules ( theorem provers ) needed for the resolution of lexical and other ambiguities . work will involve both theory and implementation . candidates should have experience in one or more of the following areas : natural language semantics , computational linguistics , machine translation , formal logic , theorem proving . contracts will be initially for roughly two years ( depending on the date of commencement ) , with possibilities of renewal . payment is on the bat iia / ib scale ( upwards of ca . dm 65 . 000 , - - a year ) applications ( cv and a brief statement of scientific experience and interest ) should be sent preferably by e-mail to josef @ ims . uni-stuttgart . de by december 5 , 1994 professor dr . hans kamp institut fuer maschinelle sprachverarbeitung universitaet stuttgart azenbergstrasse 12 70174 stuttgart germany phone : + 49 ( 711 ) 121-1362 or 1365 fax : + 49 ( 711 ) 121-1366 e-mail : josef @ ims . uni-stuttgart . de
  """",0
  741,""""Subject: call for papers : language and prehistory in south asia
   
   ( the previous call omitted the abstract deadline : dec . 31 , 1995 . ) the center for south asian studies , school of hawai ` ian , asian and pacific studies , university of hawai ` i , announces its eleventh annual spring symposium entitled language and prehistory in south asia , to be held march 20 & 21 , 1995 ( monday and tuesday ) from 9 : 00 am to 4 : 00 pm on the university of hawai ` i at manoa campus . papers are invited up to thirty minutes in length , focusing on any aspect of the structure , use , and history of any of the modern or classical languages of south asia ( including afghanistan , bangladesh , bhutan , india , maldives , pakistan , sikkim , sri lanka , and tibet ) as well as relationships and contacts among the languages of this area and between these languages and the languages of mainland and insular south east asia , east asia , central asia , western asia , africa or the pacific islands ( e . g . fiji ) . the proceedings will be published in summer or fall 1995 . abstracts ( one copy , one page , not anonymous ) should be received by dec . 31 , 1994 , by karina bingham , symposium coordinator , center for south asian studies , moore hall 416 , university of hawai ` i / manoa , honolulu , hi 96822 . acceptances will be announced by jan . 14 , 1995 . for more information , contact dr . lawrence a . reid , dept . of linguistics , ( 808 ) 956-3223 or reid @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu .
  """",0
  742,""""Subject: call for papers - acl-95 corpus workshop
   
   acl 's sigdat presents the third workshop on very large corpora preliminary call for papers when : june 30 , 1995 - immediately following acl-95 ( june 27-29 ) where : mit , cambridge , massachusetts , usa workshop description : as in past years , the workshop will offer a general forum for new research in corpus-based and statistical natural language processing . areas of interest include ( but are not limited to ) : sense disambiguation , part-of - speech tagging , robust parsing , term and name identification , alignment of parallel text , machine translation , lexicography , spelling correction , morphological analysis and anaphora resolution . this year , the workshop will be organized around the theme of : supervised training vs . self - organizing methods is annotation worth the effort ? historically , annotated corpora have made a significant contribution . the tagged brown corpus , for example , led to important improvements in part-of - speech tagging . but annotated corpora are expensive . very little annotated data is currently available , especially for languages other than english . self - organizing methods offer the hope that annotated corpora might not be necessary . do these methods really work ? do we have to choose between annotated corpora and unannotated corpora ? can we use both ? the workshop will encourage contributions of innovative research along this spectrum . in particular , it will seek work in languages other than english and in applications where appropriately tagged training corpora do not exist . it will also explore what new kinds of corpus annotations ( such as discourse structure , co-reference and sense tagging ) would be useful to the community , and will encourage papers on their development and use in experimental projects . the theme will provide an organizing structure to the workshop , and offer a focus for debate . however , we expect and will welcome a diverse set of submissions in all areas of statistical and corpus-based nlp . program chairs : ken church - at&t bell laboratories david yarowsky - university of pennsylvania sponsor : sigdat ( acl 's special interest group for linguistic data and corpus-based approaches to nlp ) format for submission : authors should submit a full-length paper ( 3500-8000 words ) , either electronically or in hard-copy . electronic submissions must either be plain ascii text or a single latex file following the acl-95 stylesheet ( no separate figures or . bib files ) . hard copy submissions should include four ( 4 ) copies of the paper . authors should consult the primary call for papers in late january for updated specifications . schedule : submission deadline : march 10 , 1995 notification date : april 10 , 1995 camera ready copy due : may 10 , 1995 contact : ken church david yarowsky room 2b-421 dept . of computer and info . science at&t bell laboratories university of pennsylvania 600 mountain ave . 200 s . 33rd st . murray hill , nj 07974 usa philadelphia , pa 19104-6389 usa e-mail : kwc @ research . att . com email : yarowsky @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu
  """",0
  743,""""Subject: celtic linguistics
   
   * * * * * * celtic linguistics conference * * * * * preliminary posting and call for papers a conference on the formal linguistics of the celtic languages will be held in university college dublin on june 22-23 1995 . abstracts are invited for 30 - minute talks on all aspects of theoretically-oriented research on the celtic languages . please submit 4 copies of a 1 - page abstract ( 3 anonymous and one camera - ready copy with name , affiliation etc . ) to the address below . abstracts must be received by february 15th , 1995 . expressions of interest and requests for further information should be sent to either of the following addresses [ a more detailed posting will follow in early january ] : chiosain @ ollamh . ucd . ie acquaviv @ ccvax . ucd . ie or to celtic linguistics conference department of linguistics university college dublin belfield , dublin 4 ireland
  """",0
  744,""""Subject: """""""" sum : have / hold / compulsion / existence
   
   about a month ago , i posted an enquiry asking for help in finding non - ie languages , in which there was a connection between any of the following expressions : ' hold ' and ' possess ' , synchronically or diachronically ' exist ' and ' possess ' ' must / should ' and ' possess ' and i was quite happy about the enthusiastic reponse ( around 20 of you contacted me ) . so , for all who are interested , here is a short summary . i hope i have n't left anyone out and that i have n't confused anything , as i know next to nothing about the languages you all told me about . there was also the small 'd isaster ' with my email - i accidentally deleted some of your answers , so i apologize if you answered but do n't find your name in the list . i would like to take the chance now to thank all those who did answer with information on the following languages : japanese : here , the verb mot - ' hold ' can also be used to a large extent for ' possess ' , but not for ' existence ' or ' compulsion ' also , an anonymous reply pointed out another construction for ' possess ' with aru - ' exist ' , but was not sure about the difference in meaning between ' possess ' with mot - and ' possess ' with aru . basque : * edun ( nowadays - du - ) is used for possession and as an auxiliary . in addition , in the south , the verb eduki ' hold ' has also to some extent been grammaticalized to denote ' possess ' and also ' perfect ' with transitive verbs , while intransitives form the perfect with izan ' be ' . this development seems to be following the lines of the development latin ) romance . hebrew : there is no verb ' possess ' in hebrew : possession is expressed periphrastically ( with the """""""" dative """""""" ) . interestingly , here also there is a connection between ' possess ' and ' compulsion ' and ' existence ' , which all apparently use this construction . aramaic : in many aramaic dialects , the earlier construction ' past participle + dative ( ' l ' ) + pronoun ' became the past tense . l is now predominantly used for a goal with verbs of motion , but is also used for possession . arabic : in cairene colloquial arabic , @ anda ' at / near / by ' is used for possession and is then negated like a verb , not like a preposition . tamil iru ' be ( located ) ' + dative is used for possession and for durative / continuous aspect , but not for perfect / perfective . kol ' hold ' , although not used for ' possess ' can be combined with iru and denotes that the action is one of the following : self-benefactive , reflexive , deliberate and / or accidental ( depending on what was expected ) . crow : ' exist ' / ' not-exist ' is not only used for existence but also ' possess ' and perfective aspect . finish : pitaa ' hold ' can also be used to express ' compulsion ' but interestingly , not ' possess ' . dakota : yuha ' hold ' may also be used to some extent for ' have ' , otherwise ' be with ' is used . chinese : yong3yiu3 , where yong3 denotes ' embrace ' , can also be used to express ' possess , own ' . to stress that one has total control , one may use zhung3yiu3 , where zhung3 denotes ' hold in one 's palm ' ( yiu3 is ' possess ' , ' existence ' and can also be used for ' perfect ' with questions and negative statements ) idg * ghebh ' give ' - ) latin habeo ' hold ' and finally , a few tips for further reading : bernd heine : grammaticaliztion : a conceptual framework . w . welmers : african language structures kathleen carey 's doctoral thesis on ' have ' as ' possess ' and ' perfect ' in the romance langauges , dept . of linguistics , ucsd robert hoberman , the syntax and semantics of verb morphology in modern aramaic ( american oriental society ) , 1989 simon hopkins , """""""" neo - aramaic dialects and the formation of the preterite """""""" , journal of semantic studies 34 : 413-432 , 1989 j . vendryes , """""""" sur l ' emploi de l ' auxiliaire ( < avoir ) > pour marquer le passe """""""" , melanges de linguistique et de philologie offerts a jacq . van ginneken , paris : 1937 . e . benveniste : """""""" la construction passive du parfait transitif """""""" , bulletin de la societe de linguistique de paris , 1952 , 48 . , 136 : 52-62 . many thanks to all who responded . due to my accidental deletion , some of you unfortunately only appear as an address . those who responded were : ben @ edr5r . edr . co . jp gkinkley @ uhuni . uhcc . hawaii . edu larry trask : larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk edit @ vms . huji . ac . il robert hoberman : rhoberman @ sbccmail . bitnet kirk belnap : belnapk @ yvax . byu . edu haroldfs @ u . washington . edu karen wallace : wallace @ biology . ucla . edu john e . koontz : koontz @ alpha . bldr . nist . gov siiroinen @ finuh . bitnet wenchao li ishaw @ ndsuvm1 . bitnet bert peeters : bert . peeters @ modlang . utas . edu . au elc9j @ faraday . clas . virginia . edu kemmer @ ruf . rice . edu c . jan - wouter zwart : zwart @ letrug . nl malcolm . ross @ anu . edu . au rcosper @ husky1 . stmarys . ca john peterson , kiel , germany , e-mail : gor05 @ rz . uni-kiel . d400 . de
  """",0
  745,""""Subject: home page
   
   we have a home page : applied linguistics at birkbeck college , university of london : http : / / www / bbk . ac . uk / departments / appliedlinguistics / home . html and access to the applied linguistics ' virtual library ' , which we are maintaining : http : / / www . bbk . ac . uk / departments / appliedlinguistics / virtuallibrary . html categories in the latter to date are : programs in applied linguistics projects in applied linguistics current papers electronic journals data archives we are interested in programs , etc that would like to establish links and also , we would like suggestions as to how to organize the al ' virtual library ' . larry selinker l . selinker @ app-ling . bbk . ac . uk
  """",0
  746,""""Subject: genie video update
   
   i have received many inquiries from outside north america about a message i posted a couple of months ago about a video program on genie , entitled the secret of the wild child . the 800 number ( 800-255 - 9424 ) is good only in north america . here is the address , phone number , and the fax number for the distributer : wgbh p . o . box 2284 south burlington , vt 05407 u . s . a . phone : 802 862 8881 ( ask for the ordering department ) fax no . : 804 864 9846 secret of the wild child is produced by pbs ( public broadcasting system ) as part of the nova series .
  """",0
  747,""""Subject: gls 1995 info on www
   
   information regarding the georgetown linguistics society 's gls 1995 : developments in discourse conference ( 17-19 feb 1995 ) is now available on the world - wide web from the georgetown university linguistics home page , at the url : http : / / www . georgetown . edu / cball / gu _ lx . html currently we have a list of plenary speakers , accommodation and transportation information , and general information about the conference . the page will be udated regularly to include a full list of presenters , scheduling information and more . if you need information that 's not on there yet , please do n't hesitate to contact gls at : internet : gls @ guvax . georgetown . edu bitnet : gls @ guvax . bitnet voice : 202-687 - 6166 - - jeff deby debyj @ gusun . georgetown . edu georgetown university
  """",0
  748,""""Subject: poem ( re : 5 . 1276 eskimo """""""" snow """""""" )
   
   as a footnote to the recent exchanges , linguists may be interested in the following short poem by the dublin poet , aiden mathews , entitled the death of irish : the tide gone out for good , thirty - one words for seaweed whiten on the foreshore ( reproduced on p . 1428 of the filed day anthology of irish writing and currently on display on the dublin metro as part of a poetry-for - the - people campaign ) . i have not enquired what the thirty-one words might be . but then are we not dealing here with feelings rather than facts ? seamus o ciosain c / o mairenic @ irlearn . bitnet
  """",0
  749,""""Subject: call reports
   
   the national languages and literacy institute of australia ltd . ( nllia ) language and technology centre ( lattice ) computer assisted language learning ( call ) reports are now available on gopher . these have been updated to october 1994 . they can be obtained on the gopher gopher . cltr . uq . oz . au ftparchive the publically accessible archives nllia lattice call - reports all files are in text format and are reports from the nllia database system 's resources database . the languages represented are : amharic ancient greek arabic bengali chinese english french german greek ( modern ) indonesian italian japanese korean latin russian spanish for further information contact : peter white director , lattice centre for language teaching and research the university of queensland , qld 4072 australia tel : + 61 7 365-6893 ; fax : + 61 7 365-7077 email : peterw @ lingua . cltr . uq . oz . au
  """",0
  750,""""Subject: sum : eng ns in - ee
   
   more than a dozen linguist readers responded to my request for naturally occurring instances of english nouns in - ee ( as in _ employee _ , _ escapee _ , etc . ) - - thanks ! special thanks go to gregory grefenstette of rank xerox research center in grenoble , who searched half a gigabyte of recent newspaper articles . several people reported uses of _ mentee _ ` person who is mentored ' , and i had reports of _ standee _ ` person required to stand ( as on a bus ) ' from london , new york , louisiana , and british columbia . a paper draft containing a catalog of attested uses of over 400 - ee noun word types is available through anonymous ftp at : ftp : / / ling . rochester . edu / pub / barker / papers / ee files available include the draft itself , a two-page summary abstract , and most of the relevant entries from the second edition of the oed ( including quotations ) . the paper contains quite a lot of data , and requires 48 pages to print . the data suggest that formation in - ee is highly productive , that analyses based on the syntactic argument structure of the stem verb are either incomplete or severely disjunctive , and that formation of - ee nouns obeys three essentially semantic constraints : an - ee noun referent must be sentient , the denotation of an - ee noun must be episodically linked to the denotation of its stem ( i give a formal semantic event-based definition of ` ` episodically linked ' ' ) , and the referent of an - ee noun must lack volitional control over some relevant aspect of the event which qualifies it as being in the extension of the noun in question . taken together , i argue that these semantic constraints amount to a thematic role type . if so , then semantically defined thematic roles can actively guide formation of new words . an unsystematic selection of data contributed by readers of linguist : best wishee ` . . . who has one lovable father , one lovable mother , one sick somebody , one successful somebody , one good-deed - doer , one poor pen pal , one best wishee , and two birthday celebrants for every nine letters you send . ' the washington post , 15 july 1987 , style section , page c5 . extractee ` recalling the earlier claim that rnr yields vp - level extractees . . . ' paul postal , ` parasitic and pseudoparasitic gaps ' , linguistic inquiry 25 , 1994 , page 113 . festschriftee ` this bibliography attempts to cover all books and articles written , co-authored or edited by the festschriftee . . . ' joergen dines johansen and harly sonne , edds . ( 1986 ) pragmatics and linguistics , festschrift for jacob l . ~ mey , odense university press , odense p . 248 . firee ` some executives would rather begin by reciting the employee 's virtues and recalling his contributions to the company . but one executive who tried that says the """""""" firee """""""" interrupted him to ask for a raise . ' wall street journal , 20 march 1987 . fuckee ` there is an old joke in which two african - americans want to sit in the front of the bus ( in the old days when this was illegal ) . to accomplish this , they pretend to be lawyers . lest they be discovered , they believe , after they board the bus that they should talk some lawyer talk . they begin to discuss a rape case , and one lawyer claims not to understand the other 's case and asks : """""""" who duh fucker , an who duh fuckee ? """""""" ' [ reported separately by dennis preston and geoffrey s . ~ nathan . ] laughee ` another device dekoven uses is the meetings meter , a piece of software that functions like a taxi meter , displaying a continuing tally on how much the meeting is costing . the inspiration for the device came at a meeting with his attorney when dekoven realized he wasted $ 11 telling a long joke to the $ 300 - an-hour laughee . ' san francisco chronicle 6 october 1993 page d7 .
  """",0
  751,""""Subject: summary of ' bubbler '
   
   a few months ago i posted an inquiry on the linguist listing on the distribution of the word """""""" bubbler """""""" as a synonym for drinking fountain . thanks to all who responded , which are too many to list . the dictionary of american regional english has also extensively investigated this word and it was my goal to gain more specific information than that supplied by dare ( for example , the regional distribution within wisconsin . ) here is a summary of my findings : in wisconsin , bubbler is used throughout the eastern half of the state , particularly along the coast of lake michigan and becomes less prominent the further west one travels . the """""""" stronghold """""""" of bubbler appears to be in milwaukee and its suburbs . milwaukee is also thought to be the geographic origin of bubbler , coined by the kohler company in the early 1900 's . my university ( uw - whitewater ) appears to be in conflict over what to call drinking fountains . in one of our residence halls there is a sign asking residents to not use the drinking fountain as a garbage disposal . the word 'd rinking ' is crossed out , and ' water ' is put in its place . then ' water ' and ' fountain ' are crossed out , and ' bubbler ' is put in their place . it goes to show you that people can be very loyal to their colloquialisms ! my research provided no evidence for the term 's use in minnesota or illinois , but i did find the word in use along the western part of michigan 's upper peninsula ( which borders wisconsin 's bubbler-using region . ) if bubbler is used anywhere else in the midwest , its existence escaped my research . in fact , i found no evidence of the word 's use within the u . s . west of the mississippi or south of the ohio river . the other region that uses the term includes the state of rhode island ( where it is used exclusively by many speakers ) , far eastern connecticut , and southeastern massachusetts - including the boston area . i had people from this region respond with amusement because they did n't know the word was used anywhere outside of their area . lastly , and much to my surprise , bubbler is used in southeastern australia - predominately in new south wales ( including sydney and canberra ) and in portions of the provinces bordering new south wales . the information on australia is only based on a few responses , but there were some , especially in sydney , who used bubbler exclusively while growing up . there were some from parts of australia who had never heard the term before , so it does appear that it is also regionally distributed in australia . there were some who distinguished bubblers from drinking fountains . some only called outside fountains , bubblers , while others vice versa . one only called non-refridgerating fountains , bubblers . drinking fountain seems to be the generic term that everyone is familiar with , whether they use it or not . other synonymns are : water fountain , water cooler , fountain , and water bubbler . for what its worth , the only accounts i had of the term ' water bubbler ' were among african americans from milwaukee ( but this only included three people . ) just plain ' fountain ' seemed to be the word of choice in northwestern wisconsin , while drinking fountain and water fountain were used pretty interchangeably everywhere else . as for its use in literature , the only printed documentation of bubbler i could find ( under the given definition ) was a 1985 milwaukee journal article which was about the word 's usage in milwaukee . i realize that some of my findings are inconsistent with dare - i believe this is because my research was not nearly as thorough as dare , and did n't take into account historical usage , only current usage . thanks again to those who responded . your avid bubbler user , sean christensen internet : seanc @ iclnet93 . iclnet . org university of wisconsin - whitewater
  """",0
  752,""""Subject: """""""" rain """""""" = """""""" falling water """""""" : summary
   
   my sincere thanks go to everybody who responded to my query about the typological possibility of """""""" rain """""""" = """""""" falling water """""""" : to paul woods , john peterson , li wenchao , marion kee , alan cienki , mari siroinen , zhang ning , sam mikes , siamak rezaei , jeffrey goldberg , and steve matthews , who all responded and have been very helpful . apart from the numerous responses containing """""""" rain falls """""""" , the case i was looking for """""""" water falls """""""" = """""""" it is raining """""""" is attested in : 1 ) non-standard cantonese lohk suei """""""" fall + water """""""" ( received from paul woods and steve matthews ) ; 2 ) finnish sataa vetta """""""" """""""" it rains """""""" , where sataa has original meaning """""""" to fall """""""" and vetta """""""" is partitive of vesi """""""" water """""""" ( recieved from mari siroinen and sam mikes ) ; 3 ) nepali """""""" paani par-eko cha """""""" it is raining ' , lit . """""""" water fall-perf . is """""""" ( received from john peterson ) . therefore , i believe the altaistic etymology for turkic jagmur """""""" rain """""""" analysing it as jag - ' to fall """""""" + * - mur * """""""" water """""""" is supported typologically by the above information . sasha vovin
  """",0
  753,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1358 words for snow
   
   just a short remark on german ' loipe ' , which is a loan word from norwegian ' l | ype ' , which comes from old norse ' hleypa ' - to make something run ( cause to run ) . ( cf bokmaalsordboka 1993 ) ruth vatvedt fjeld
  """",0
  754,""""Subject: following is a summary of answers to my query about a """""""" how-to """"""""
   
   following is a summary of answers to my query about a """""""" how-to manual for intonational analysis . quite a few people wrote to ask to share any answers ; i hope this will help them . many people recommended the tobi labelling guide - - """""""" tobi """""""" stands for """""""" tone breaks and indices """""""" . it is an effort to provide a fairly uniform labelling system for naturally occurring speech , and was worked on by some well-known people in the field . ( i do n't know the full list of authors , so i won't cite them . ) some also pointed out ( what they considered ) limitations of the tobi system , but most agreed it was worth looking at . it comes in both an electronic , ftp - able version ( free ) and a paper version with audiocassette ( $ 25 ) . for more information , write to tobi @ ling . ohio-state . edu or tobi labelling guide , c / o mary beckman ohio state university , linguistics dept . 222 oxley hall , 1712 neil ave columbus , oh 43210-1298 , usa . for a slightly different approach , tony woodbury recommended papers in the following : mclemore , cynthia , and mark liberman , eds . 1992 . proceedings of the ircs workshop on prosody in natural speech . ircs report no . 92-37 . it is available from : institute for research in cognitive sciences university of pennsylvania philadelphia , pa 19104 malcolm ross suggested looking into the ( quite different , from what little i ' ve seen ) work of david brazil : """""""" several publications from the u of birmingham english language research unit """""""" and the following ( easier to get hold of ) book : brazil , coulthard , and johns . discourse intonation and language teaching . london : longman 1980 . finally , ingolf franke suggested looking at the following article : pakosz , m . 1982 . intonation and attitude . lingua 56 , 153-178 . thanks very much to all who responded . burns cooper
  """",0
  755,""""Subject: 
   
   language sciences editor : paul hopper , usa """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" contents - volume 16 , no . 2 j . levinger language war-war language . v . stockmal et al can children identify samples of foreign languages as same or different ? j . myhill & zhiqun xing a comparison of the function of voice in biblical hebrew , chinese and english . d . r . preston content - oriented discourse analysis and folk linguistics . """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" elsevier science ltd freesample @ elsevier . co . uk """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """"""""
  """",0
  756,""""Subject: 
   
   english for specific purposes - an international journal editors : t . dudley - evans , uk ; liz hamp - lyons , usa ; john swales , usa ; ann n . johns , usa """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" contents - volume 13 ( 1994 ) s . thomas reporting verbs in medical journal articles . m . s . martinez spanish - english cognates in the subtechnical vocabulary found in engineering magazine texts . l . bilton stylistic variations in science lectures : teaching vocabulary . i . okoye teaching technical communication in large classes . d . belcher the apprenticeship approach to advanced academic literacy : graduate students and their mentors . a . a . amer the effect of knowledge-map and underlining training on the reading comprehension of scientific texts . p . webber the function of questions in different medical journal genres . m . h . tahirian the methodology factor in teaching esp . """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" elsevier science ltd freesample @ elsevier . co . uk """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """"""""
  """",0
  757,""""Subject: 
   
   journal of neurolinguistics - an international journal for the study of language and the brain . edited by john marshall , uk """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" contents - volume 8 no . 2 e . kehayia & g . jarema morphological priming of inflected verbs froms : a comparative study . n . o'connor et al neuropsychology and linguistic talent . m . gopnik impairments of tense in a familial language disorder . c . code speech automatism production in aphasia . a . basso & m . corno semantic errors in transcoding tasks in a shallow orthography : a retrospective study on 502 italian vascular patients . """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" published by elsevier science ltd - uk freesample @ elsevier . co . uk """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """"""""
  """",0
  758,""""Subject: nsf division director for sber - - announcement
   
   i encourage qualified readers of linguist to give serious consideration to the following announcement soliciting applications for the position of division director for social , behavioral and economic research at the national science foundation , and to pass the announcement on to others who may be interested . this is a genuinely open search . applications and nominations should be addressed as indicated in the announcement , and not sent to linguist or to me . paul chapin , nsf * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * december 1 , 1994 dear colleague : i am seeking your assistance in identifying potential candidates for the position of division director for social , behavioral and economic research . dr . allan kornberg , who has been division director since september 1993 under an intergovernmental personnel act ( ipa ) assignment , will be returning to duke university at the end of his two-year assignment . the successor appointment may be in the senior executive service ( ses ) or as an intergovernmental personnel act ( ipa ) assignment . a position announcement is enclosed . this announcement may also be accessed electronically under vacancy announcements on nsf 's science and technology information system ( stis ) . the division director for social , behavioral and economic research ( sber ) manages one of the largest research divisions in the foundation . the division has a staff of 50 employees and a budget of over $ 80 million . the sber division is responsible for supporting disciplinary and interdisciplinary research and other activities through programs organized into five clusters : anthropological and geographic sciences ; cognitive , psychological , and language sciences ; economic , decision , and management sciences ; social and political sciences ; and science , technology , and society . i look forward to any help you may be able to offer in this search for candidates with outstanding scientific and administrative qualifications . i am especially interested in identifying women , members of minority groups and disabled individuals for consideration . please send nominations , including self-nominations , with curriculum vitae , to my acting executive officer , ms . margaret l . windus , no later than february 1 , 1995 . thank you for your assistance . sincerely yours , cora b . marrett assistant director = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = national science foundation arlington , va 22230 announcement number ep 95 - 3 director , division of social , behavioral and economic research directorate for social , behavioral and economic sciences nsf 's directorate for social , behavioral and economic sciences is seeking qualified candidates for the position of director , division of social , behavioral and economic research . nsf is inviting nominations ( including self-nominations ) of persons who are interested in either a two-to - three year senior executive service ( ses ) appointment or an intergovernmental personnel act ( ipa ) assignment . internal and external applicants are encouraged to apply . a statement of duties of the position and a list of qualification requirements are included on the reverse side of this announcement . the announcement may also be accessed electronically under vacancy announcements on nsf 's science and technology information system ( stis ) . o ses limited term appointment the ses covers managerial positions above grade 15 in the federal service . ses limited term appointees are federal employees and may serve for a period of up to three years . they are eligible for federal benefits ( i . e . , health benefits , life insurance coverage , social security , retirement , thrift savings plan , annual and sick leave ) . o ipa assignment initial assignments under the ipa may be made for a period of up to two years . individuals eligible for an ipa assignment with a federal agency include employees of state and local government agencies or institutions of higher education , indian tribal governments , and other eligible organizations in instances where such assignments would be of mutual benefit to the organizations involved . the individual remains an employee of the home institution and cost sharing arrangements are generally negotiated between nsf and the home institution . please submit nominations ( including self-nominations ) , along with a curriculum vitae to : ms . margaret l . windus acting executive officer , directorate for social , behavioral and economic sciences national science foundation 4201 wilson boulevard , suite 905 arlington , va 22230 phone : 703-306 - 1741 fax : 703-306 - 0495 internet : mwindus @ nsf . gov the closing date for receipt of applications is february 1 , 1995 . statement of duties : manages the nsf division responsible for funding research in the areas of social , behavioral and economic sciences . assesses research needs and trends , presents plans for future development , determines funding requirements , prepares and justifies budget estimates , balances program needs , allocates resources , oversees the evaluation of proposals and recommendations for awards and declinations , supervises staff , and represents nsf to relevant external groups . qualification requirements executive / managerial essential 1 . demonstrated ability to achieve organizational objectives through the supervision and management of subordinates . includes knowledge and ability relating to the recruitment , selection , supervision and development of professional and support staff involved in diverse endeavors . 2 . knowledge of and ability to plan multidisciplinary research programs in the social , behavioral and / or economic sciences ; to present and advocate program plans or recommendations to peer groups or higher level decision-making groups ; and to allocate resources within broad budgetary limitations . 3 . ability to coordinate effectively with representatives of scientific and engineering communities , both nationally and internationally , including industrial and / or academic researchers and the administrators of research and educational institutions . 4 . demonstrated ability , at the decision-making level , to prepare long-range and annual plans , conduct periodic reviews to determine progress and , if necessary , initiate remedial action . desirable 1 . skill in changing and balancing complex and diverse program demands with available resources , in response to major advances or needs in scientific research and technological developments . 2 . demonstrated ability to exercise sound professional judgment in recommending the initiation of research in the social , behavioral and economic sciences . 3 . skill in the management or administration of a large-scale research activity including implementation of resource allocation plans . professional / technical essential 1 . ph . d . or equivalent professional experience or a combination of education and equivalent experience in anthropology , economics , geography , linguistics , political science , psychology , sociology , or other social or behavioral science . 2 . substantial research contributions and strong evidence of scholarship in a social , behavioral , or economic science field , as evidenced in publications , or innovative leadership in research administration . 3 . demonstrated knowledge of relevant academic community and recognized professional standing in the scientific community as evidenced by publications and / or professional awards . desirable 1 . demonstrated broad knowledge of diverse fields of the social , behavioral and economic sciences . 2 . knowledge of grant and contract administration , fiscal management , and budget preparation with experience in scientific research support . nsf is an equal opportunity employer committed to employing a highly qualified staff that reflects the diversity of our nation .
  """",0
  759,""""Subject: int ' l directory of scholars
   
   dear linguists , i am writing to inform you about the international directory of south asia scholars , and to invite those of you working on south asian your colleagues in linguistics or in other disciplines can find you . i am attaching below a file which describes this free online global database of scholars , as well as a form for you to submit your own entries ( hopefully by email ) . please do not hesitate to contact me if you have questions or comments about the directory or about the south asia gopher through which it is published online . thank you . david magier columbia university _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the international directory of south asia scholars the international directory of south asia scholars is a free , publicly available online database of south asianists from around the world . this service is being provided by columbia university through the south asia gopher , and is compiled and maintained by dr . david magier . the database contains records of individuals who have identified themselves as being involved in south asian studies . each record , submitted by the person listed , contains the name , title , affiliation , contact information ( generally mail address , phones , fax , and full email address ) , and a short statement of the person 's activities , teaching and / or research interests , specializations , etc . in the area of south asian studies . the entries are free-form text , and one may include any information in any format that seems useful and informative . the database is indexed so that anyone can do a search to locate the record for a particular individual , or one can do a keyword search to find , for example , a list of all the south asianists located in a given country or city , or all the scholars who are working on a given language or subject or region , etc . for example , a keyword search using the terms """""""" prakrit """""""" or """""""" punjabi """""""" will retrieve a listing of all the scholars whose entries contain these words . it is very easy to have your entry included in this database , so that your colleagues from around the world will know who you are and what you are working on and interested in . experience shows that this type of tool is very helpful in developing new human networks and cooperative research and teaching ventures , getting answers to particular factual queries , and fostering the ' cross-fertilization ' of ideas . we would like to invite you to submit an entry so that our database will be as comprehensive and useful as possible . to submit an entry for yourself ( or for someone else ) , please fill out the form below and return it by email to magier @ columbia . edu or by post to dr . david magier south asia librarian 304 international affairs columbia university 420 west 118th street new york , n . y . 10027 212-854 - 8046 / fax : 212-854 - 2495 your description of your work and research or teaching interests should contain as much information as possible to allow people to identify you and your work , and to ' find ' you through typical keyword searches ( languages , countries or regions , fields and sub-disciplines , ethnic or political groups , etc . ) . please feel free to contact dr . magier if you have questions about the directory or need advice on the best way to construct your entry . _ _ _ _ entry form _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cut here _ _ _ _ name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ title _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ institutional affiliation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mailing address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phones _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ full email address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ description of your work ( include your research / teaching interests , and all relevant keywords such as languages , countries , regions , disciplines and sub-disciplines , ethnic , religious or political goupings , historical periods , etc . keep in mind that others will use ' keyword searches ' to find your listing if they do n't know you by name ) . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ return this info by email to magier @ columbia . edu or by post to david magier , south asia librarian 304 international affairs columbia university 420 west 118th street new york , n . y . 10027 usa 212-854 - 8046 fax 212-854 - 2495
  """",0
  760,""""Subject: point of contact in thailand
   
   dear netters , i 'd like to know the point of contact at chulalongkorn university in thailand . i learned that they have done some research in thai natural language proccessing , particually in word boundary segmentation . any information on this ( such as e-mail address , fax number or surface mail address ) will be appreciated . please reply to me directly at yenk @ asq8 . bah . com ketty yen booz . allen & hamilton inc . linthicum , md usa
  """",0
  761,""""Subject: text for structure of modern english
   
   a colleague not on the list is looking for textbooks to use in an undergraduate course in structure of modern english . many but not all students are in a program designed to prepare them for teaching english at the secondary school level . there are no prerequisites in linguistics , though intro to linguistics courses are offered in other departments . please send responses directly to harriet luria johnson hljhc @ cunyvm . cuny . edu or hljhc @ cunyvm . bitnet . thanks michael newman , the ohio state university
  """",0
  762,""""Subject: of as a verb
   
   could the reinterpretation of have as of be by analogy with sort of ? e . g . i sort of said that . i could of said that . etc . . .
  """",0
  763,""""Subject: comparative method in syntax
   
   fritz newmeyer asks if it is legitimate to apply the comparative method in syntax . my answer is yes , but it is more difficult . the main reason why one sees more work on historical-comparative syntax than fifty years ago is that syntax has become much more prestigious in recent decades . i do n't think that there was a shift from a once """""""" standard """""""" view that syntactic reconstruction is impossible . bernhard delbrueck 's historical-comparative syntax of indo - european , published a hundred years ago , clearly showed that comparative syntax is both possible and fruitful , but perhaps too difficult to attract many followers . the view that historical-comparative syntax is impossible was defended in some detail in lightfoot 's ( 1979 ) principles of diachronic syntax , but few researchers seem to have been discouraged by lightfoot 's attitude . it is true that latin syntax could hardly be reconstructed from modern romance languages , but neither could latin morphology , and even the view of latin phonology that we would get from romance is very distorted . our reconstruction of protolanguage grammar is always imperfect , but that is no reason not to attempt reconstruction . the main error on lightfoot 's side is that there is no syntactic analog to the regularity of sound change . it 's just a bit more complicated in syntax - - just like syntax is more complicated overall than phonology . basically , the analog to phonemes and words are words and sentences . true , the difference between words and sentences is that in general sentences are not stored in the lexicon . but neither are many complex words ( rendering morphological reconstruction similarly difficult , but nobody seems ever to have objected to morphological reconstruction ) , and some sentences are actually stored , e . g . proverbs and idioms , which often show syntactic archaisms . and since earlier syntax often survives in """""""" fossilized """""""" form in later morphology , we have another rich source of data for diachronic syntax . in addition to regularity of change , we need general principles of change for plausible reconstruction , e . g . phonological principles that predict likely changes like assimilation , lenition , segment loss , etc . in syntax , similar principles of change exist as well : spatial nouns become spatial adpositions , certain general verbs become tense and aspect markers , allative case markers become dative case markers , purposive verb forms become infinitives , etc . all these processes ( instances of grammaticalization ) are irreversible changes and provide safe guides for linguists seeking to make sense of daughter language diversity by reconstructing a proto-syntax . the massive regularities of grammaticalization are generally ignored in generative studies of syntactic change ( indeed , lightfoot argues that there are no genuine principles of diachronic syntax ) , but if one takes them into account , they help in the difficult task of reconstruction . martin haspelmath ( free university of berlin )
  """",0
  764,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1370 can the comparative method be applied to syntax ?
   
   theoretically , there is no reason why the comparative method could not be applied to syntactic properties . however , there are two practical , very great , impediments : 1 . syntax dealing with word order , what is word order ? and further which word order in which environments ? e . g . : ich verstehe sie . ploetzlich verstehe ich sie . ( subordinating conjunction ) ich sie verstehe . un grand homme . un homme grand . ma chemise propre . ma propre chemise . 2 . how do we measure the difference ? how far is svo from sov ? from vso ? not only we do not know how to describe syntactic properties satisfactorily , but we do not know how to measure their differences , or , it boils down to the same , their similarities . now , you can validly argue that a binary scale ( same , different , and no shades of grey in between ) is good enough . remains that you do not reach valid comparisons on the basis of a single feature , but of many . if languages x and y have n identical features out of n , we are tempted to say that their syntactic similarity is n / n . but that is true if and only if each feature has the same weighting . on top of that , we do not even know what constitutes * one * feature . for instance , we may consider svo as consisting of two to three features : 1 . relative order of subject and verb 2 . relative order of verb and object 3 . relative order of subject and object where necessary to disambiguate . and further , how do we specify free sv order for instance ? via a ternary relation ( precede , follow , free ) , thus order = ( free , s , v ) or a binary relation ( precede , follow ) and a union , thus order = ( precede , s , v ) + ( follow , s , v ) ? too many questions unanswered , i fear even unaddressed . too many questions issuing from them . we cannot , i think , found a proper methodology on such shaky grounds . we 'd better be content with arguing futilely until we are blue in the keyboard . or else set about tackling those questions , a daunting task . j . guy @ trl . oz . au
  """",0
  765,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1370 can the comparative method be applied to syntax ?
   
   i would add to fritz newmeyer 's caveats about limitations to syntactic reconstruction these fairly obvious two : 1 . for many syntactic dimensions , the choices are so few that chance resemblances are so probable as to obscure the evidence of common ancestry . 2 . there is consideration non-arbitrariness in syntactic systems , so that , again , resemblance arises from other than common ancestry . larry gorbet lgorbet @ mail . unm . edu anthropology & linguistics depts . ( 505 ) 883-7378 university of new mexico albuquerque , nm , u . s . a .
  """",0
  766,""""Subject: 
   
   speech communication - a publication of the european association for signal processing ( eurasip ) and of the european speech communication association ( esca ) - editor - in - chief : christel sorin , france """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" contents : volume 14 no . 4 ( september 1994 ) r . s waldstein & a . boothroyd speechreading enhancement using a sinusoidal substitute for voice fundamental frequency . s . nakajima automatic synthesis unit generation for english speech synthesis based on multi-layered context oriented clustering . z . s . bond & t . j . moore a note on the acoustic-phonetic characteristics of inadvertently clear speech . y . qian et al pseudo - multi-tap pitch filters in a low bit-rate celp speech coder . e . blaauw the contribution of prosodic boundary markers to the perceptual difference between read and spontaneous speech . """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" published by elsevier science - north holland freesample @ elsevier . co . uk
  """",0
  767,""""Subject: q : welsh on the internet
   
   i direct this query to those more in the know : there is a producer in bbc wales ( the base for the orchestra i work for ) who is looking to produce a programme discussing the internet and the like with reference to the welsh language / culture . i have been able to find plenty of references to scots and irish traditions , but only one reference to welsh in patagonia . please respond to : jeremy garside - bbc national orchestra of wales garsij @ wales . bbc . co . uk
  """",0
  768,""""Subject: who studies e-mail linguistically
   
   i am doing a stylistic study of e-mail messages , but i have failed so far to find any relevant publications . i would appreciate any references to such publications as well as information on the existence and access to any corpora of e-mail messages ( commercial or scientific ) . i know that two canadians - belmore and callot - have done something on e-mail , but i do not know how to get their publications from moscow . please respond to me directly and will post a summary . many thanks in advance . alla eskina department of stylistics moscow linguistic university alla @ eskina . msk . ru tel . 7 095 310 1296
  """",0
  769,""""Subject: arabic studies
   
   dear linguists . one of my fellow students would like to study modern arabic language and culture etc . in an arabic speaking country for half a year maybe one year . but she could n't get any help from her danish university . can anyone help us with names and adresses of universities that take foreign students . thanks in advance . please answer directly to me . sebastian + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + : - ) ( - | ; - } + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + linsad @ stud . hum . aau . dk sebastian adorjan dyhr + + department of linguistics ydunsvej 12 + + aarhus university 8230 aabyhoej + + bygning 327 86 15 02 48 + + nordre ringgade + + 8000 aarhus c + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + : - ) ( - | ; - } + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
  """",0
  770,""""Subject: comparative method
   
   alexis manaster ramer asks about the claim that relatedness and / or subgrouping should be established only based on systematic morphological relationships of the sort likely to be observed in paradigms or declensions . i ' m familiar with this claim only in a much weaker form , that morphological comparisons are more reliable than phonological ones as a basis for establishing linguistic relationships and subgroups . on this basis , for example , robert hetzron in 1976 * proposed a rigorous internal subgrouping for the semitic languages based on affixes in the verb paradigms . hetzron 's proposal that hebrew , arabic , and aramaic constitute a central semitic group is , i believe , correct ; and it is supported by much more evidence than hetzron adduces , much of it morphological and morpho-syntactic ( e . g . , innovation of novel negative markers , etc . ) . i may be reading too much into these claims of morphological priority in establishing subgrouping , but i have always interpreted them as a reaction to the difficulty of distinguishing convergent from shared phonological development on a principled basis . that is , because it can be difficult to determine whether a particular recurrent sound change in a language group represents shared innovation rather than convergent development , it might be pragmatically safer to rely on morphological innovation . thus , in the case of the semitic languages , such changes as * p to / f / or * g to / jh / ( as in junk ) would , if treated as shared innovation , lead to subgroups that are inconsistent with those deduced by other means . on the other hand , """""""" unusual """""""" changes like the change of proto - semitic glottalic consonants to pharyngealized consonants are much more likely to represent shared innovation , given the typological rarity of pharyngealized consonants . with regard to fritz newmeyer 's questions about comparative syntactic reconstruction , i do n't know of any systematic published counters to jeffers ' ( and others ' ) claims that it is * in principle * impossible . however , i think that a good case can be made that this is an overly pessimistic assessment . the problem , of course , is the appropriate context : we compare phonemes in words and / or morphemes and morphemes in paradigms , but it 's not clear what the context might be for word orders . presumably discourse context plays a role . i would imagine that if all the languages in a family shared an unusual word order ( vis a vis their dominant types , whatever those might be ) in counterfactuals , we might want to attribute that order to their latest shared ancestor . pragmatically speaking , it 's a lot easier to find information about the morphological context of particular phonemes than it is to find reliable information about the larger context for sentence and construction types . nonetheless , at least inchoately ( and perhaps it is the inchoateness that jeffers objects to ) , * some * notion of syntactic reconstruction is surely behind claims that proto - indo - european was sov or proto - semitic was svo , and the like . * """""""" two principles of genetic reconstruction """""""" , lingua 38 : 89-104 . alice faber faber @ haskins . yale . edu
  """",0
  771,""""Subject: accuracy of historical reconstruction
   
   in writing in linguist 5 . 1393 on another topic , martinha @ fub46 . zedat . fu-berlin . de ( martin haspelmath ) says : ) it is true that latin syntax could hardly be reconstructed from ) modern romance languages , but neither could latin morphology , and ) even the view of latin phonology that we would get from romance is ) very distorted . our reconstruction of protolanguage grammar is ) always imperfect . . . in looking at historical reconstruction done for s . american languages ( largely phonological ) , i ' ve often wondered about this . just how much could we trust the reconstructions that we did ? one of my rules of thumb for those languages was that if an item was longer than one syllable , it was suspect as being polymorphemic , and if it was longer than two syllables it was almost certainly polymorphemic . the problem is that most attempts at reconstruction ignored this areal phenomenon ( sometimes because the data was simply unavailable ) . from what i know of romance languages , i would say polysyllabic morphemes are more common there . if anything , that should make it easier to reconstruct latin , since you have more to work with . ( of course , the morphology of romance languages is much better known than that of the languages of s . america , which also helps ! ) so if latin would be very imperfectly reconstructed , what hope is there for native american languages ? has anyone ever attempted , as an exercise in the comparative method , reconstruction of latin from the romance languages , then compared the results with the real thing ? or reconstruction of any other attested language from its descendents ?
  """",0
  772,""""Subject: re : comparative linguistics
   
   ) from : amr @ ares . cs . wayne . edu ) ) it seems ) to me that a lot of the people [ . . . ] ) also seem to hold another curious position , namely , that you ) cannot show the relatedness of a group of languages by exhibiting ) systematic correspondences of sounds in the vocabularies of said ) languages but only by exhibiting systematically related morphological ) paradigms . [ . . . ] ) ) alexis manaster ramer good lord ! i have been watching this thread with a somewhat jaundiced eye , thinking """""""" i ' m not going to get into this """""""" , but this . . . ) from my experience with languages of vanuatu , morphological paradigms are the * least * stable features , followed by phonology , then , most stable , lexical . yes , i remember having been taught that , i mean , about morphology being most reliable , actually , the * only * reliable criterion . i was also taught a lot of other stuff which experience showed me to be false . think of it , why should this reliance on morphology have come about ? 1 . a hangover from the elaboration of the comparative method on indo - european , or , i should rather say , on the discovery of sanskrit . it may so happen that members of that language family have been particularly retentive morphologically . whence generalization to all languages . the fallacy of extrapolating . all irish barmaids are redheads . 2 . it is easy to measure and count lexical similarity . claims based on such measurements are therefore more easily open to scrutiny , and to refutation . ( an aside : there 's been some discussion on whether linguistics is a science , in the meaning of karl popper . well , here 's one domain where it could be ) . on the other hand , how do you measure morphological similarity ? and worse , systematic similarities of morphological paradigms ? this , then , is hardly open to refutation . speaking of the devil , i received a letter yesterday from merritt ruhlen """""""" i would appreciate it if you could send me a copy of your forthcoming article in anthropos concerning the probability of chance resemblances """""""" . which i did , commenting , meaning it as a sort of salve - - but perhaps it will be felt as salt : """""""" in general i take a dim view of comparative linguistics . its various methodologies are mostly ad hoc and without a sound basis , often relying on a complete misunderstanding of the processes at work [ here a few examples ] . and the same claims and methods crop up perennially . """""""" which is also my thoughts and feelings today . ( * sigh * ) j . guy @ trl . oz . au
  """",0
  773,""""Subject: req : info on indian corpora . . .
   
   i would like to get in touch with people who are working on corpora-related research for indian languages . i am specifically interested in helping to build a corpus a corpus of thamizh ( tamil ) or malayalam ( or other indian languages ) , with the idea of building systems for automatic recognition of written / spoken text , and to aid in machine translation . thank you . peace , - - kr . pa
  """",0
  774,""""Subject: qs : laryngeal phonetics
   
   dear colleagues : i have a number of questions regarding laryngeal phonetics . 1 . i understand that english voiced stops are phonetically voiceless unaspirated in initial position . ( data are cited in kingston & diehl 1994 : 432-434 . [ kingston , john , and randy l . diehl , 1994 , phonetic knowledge , _ language _ 70 : 3 . 419-454 . ] ) what is the story about pretonic intervocalic allophones after unstressed , short vowels , e . g . fidelity , legality , mobility ? to my ear they sound the same as in delegate , gallon , billion , but to my english - prejudiced ear they also sound voiced . 2 . what is the story about laryngealization or creaky voice ? i have seen this described as """""""" a very slow vibration through only one end of the vocal cords """""""" ( crystal , _ dictionary of linguistics _ ( ? inexact citation ) ) . what are the arytenoid cartilages doing at the posterior end of the vocal folds ? how is it related to the closure for glottal stop and for glottalized consonants ? 3 . what is going on with the articulation of """""""" stage whispered """""""" speech ? in whisper , the arytenoids are rotated so as to adduct the posterior ends of the vocal folds at their anterior ends , but the posterior ends of the arytenoids are not themselves adducted by the interarytenoid muscles , leaving a restricted , triangular opening at which sibilant-like turbulence is generated in place of voice . introspecting , stage whisper seems to me to be like whisper only with some turbulence as air passes the closure of the main ( anterior ) portion of the vocal folds . there seems to be somewhat higher subglottal air pressure , like a """""""" shouted """""""" whisper , but it does not seem to be merely a question of forcing air past the closed vocal folds . there seem to be some additional differences of articulation to produce the turbulence over the vocal folds , as evidenced at least by increased tension in observable laryngeal and ( to some extent ) pharyngeal muscles . it also seems to me that some degree of pharyngealization is an incidental byproduct . 4 . how is this related to pharyngeal spirants , as exemplified by arabic ? 5 . kingston and diehl ( 1994 : 441 ) say that """""""" in languages such as english """""""" ( meaning , i take it , languages without contrastive voiced aspirates ) the phonological distinction [ + / - voice ] is signaled in part by aspiration initially , but not ( if i read them right ) intervocalically . more important , it is said , is the ratio of duration of consonants to duration of vowels , or perhaps the duration of v to vc syllable rimes ( ? ) . can someone say more about this ? these questions bear on characteristics of a language i am working on . in the near term for purposes of defining the issues and refining research strategy , specific information will be more helpful to me than pointers to the literature , because my access to research library resources is not easy ( actually , it 's rather difficult ) , but i will need the pointers too and must of course eventually follow them up . all help will be greatly appreciated . please respond to me and not to the list . if there is interest i will post a summary . bruce nevin bn @ lightstream . com
  """",0
  775,""""Subject: syllabus for an undergraduate socio-linguistics course
   
   i am putting together a syllabus for an undergraduate socio-linguistics course . i would be grateful to see copies of any syllabi people might be willing to share with me . thank your very much . sincerely , seth a . minkoff mit seth @ mit . edu
  """",0
  776,""""Subject: sociolinguistics readers
   
   am i right in thinking that no collections of readings in sociolinguistics have been published in the last 10 years ? dick hudson dept of phonetics and linguistics , university college london , gower street , london wc1e 6bt uclyrah @ ucl . ac . uk
  """",0
  777,""""Subject: re : qs : kinship terms
   
   sebastian adorjan dyhr 's question prompts me to put the following question to the list at large : does there exist in any language a word which means purely """""""" the other parent of one 's child """""""" in the strictly biological sense ( i . e . no legal , social , etc overtones ) ? formally , b is a 's x if a and b are the two parents of a child . what is x ? ( there is no lack for the parents ' relation to the child : in english even """""""" sire """""""" and """""""" dam """""""" are usable for humans - just ! ) . nb : ad - hoc contrivances like """""""" co-parent """""""" earn no marks ! ted . ( ted . harding @ nessie . mcc . ac . uk )
  """",0
  778,""""Subject: sociolinguistics symposium 11
   
   first announcement sociolinguistics symposium 11 centre for language & communication research university of wales , cardiff september 5 - 7 , 1996 the first circular inviting papers will be mailed in early 1995 and will include details about themes and plenary speakers . for further information and to be included in our mailing list , contact sociolinguistics symposium 11 centre for language and communication research university of wales , cardiff p . o . box 94 cardiff cf1 3xb uk telephone : ( + 44 ) 01222 874243 fax : ( + 44 ) 01222 874242 e-mail : ss11 @ cardiff . ac . uk
  """",0
  779,""""Subject: conference listing , university of queensland , queensland , australia
   
   the national language and literacy institute of australia ltd language and technology centre ( lattice ) centre for language teaching and research ( cltr ) the university of queensland , queensland , australia december conference schedule : linguistics and related topics this conference schedule , listing over 150 conferences world-wide , is now available at the gopher site outlined below . at the command line , type gopher gopher . cltr . uq . oz . au go to the following directories : ftp archive the publically accessible archives nllia conferences if there are problems , please contact peter white peterw @ lingua . cltr . uq . oz . au
  """",0
  780,""""Subject: iccs-95
   
   xabier arrazola dept . of logic univ . of the basque country iccs-95 @ sf . ehu . es fourth international colloquium on cognitive science iccs-95 ilcli . villa asuncion apdo . 220 . 20080 donostia - san sebastian . spain . tf . : 34 - ( 9 ) 43 - 32 09 40 fax : 34 - ( 9 ) 43 - 29 36 77 e - mail : iccs-95 @ sf . ehu . es fourth international colloquium on cognitive science donostia - san sebastian , may 3 - 6 , 1995 second announcement the colloquium is organized by the dept . of logic and philosophy of science and the institute for logic , cognition , language and information ( ilcli ) of the university of the basque country . it will take place in the faculty of philosophy of the university of the basque country at donostia-san sebastian ( address : campus de ibaeta , avenida de tolosa , s . n . ) . main topics : 1 . social action and cooperation . 2 . cognitive approaches in discourse processing : grammatical and semantical aspects . 3 . models of information in communication systems . 4 . cognitive simulation : scope and limits . invited speakers : the following persons have accepted so far to deliver a lecture : j . barwise ( bloomington ) : local logics and the flow of information h . clark ( stanford ) : on carrying out joint activities . b . chaib draa ( quebec ) : communication between computational agents . j . e . fenstad ( oslo ) : formal semantics , geometry and mind . j . y . halpern ( ibm , san jose ) : reasoning about knowledge . r . m . kempson ( london ) : language understanding as labelled natural deduction g . lakoff ( berkeley ) : the metaphor system for events and causes in english . j . m . larrazabal ( san sebastian ) : doing together : structures for social action f . j . pelletier ( edmonton ) : psychologism , intuitionism and nonmonotonic reasoning . m . e . pollack ( pittsburgh ) : how commitment leads to coordination : the effect of individual agent reasoning strategies on multi - agent interaction . z . w . pylyshyn ( rutgers ) : studies in the architecture of mind : a central theme in cognitive science research . f . recanati ( paris ) : domains of discourse . j . s . rosenschein ( jerusalem ) : the role of representation in interaction : discovering focal points among alternative solutions . v . sanchez de zavala ( san sebastan ) : aims and winds in pragmatic theories . c . l . sidner ( cambridge , ma ) : creating collaborative conversational agents for computer interface . s . silvers ( clemson ) : informational semantics and epistemic arrogance ? r . tuomela ( helsinki ) : collective goals and cooperation . there will be several panel discussions and tutorials on specific subjects . papers : contributed papers ( 25-30 minutes ) are invited from all areas of cognitive science . authors wishing to submit a paper should send four ( 4 ) hardcopies of an extended abstract of 5 - 6 pages written in english to dr . j . ezquerro ( address below ) by january 17th , 1995 . a cover page should be added to the abstract including title , all authors names and affiliations , corresponding authors address , fax number and email address . to facilitate blind review by two or more referees all indications of authorship should appear on this detachable cover page only . papers will be evaluated by the program committee on the basis of originality , clarity , correctness and significance of results . authors of accepted papers are expected to present them at the colloquium . notification of acceptance / rejection : march 11 , 1995 . best paper award : a prize will be awarded to the author ( s ) of the best contributed paper as judged by a committee drawn from the program committee . submissions of complete papers ( 25 pages maximum , 4 hardcopies ) of previously accepted abstracts , with indication of salient keywords , should be sent to the organizing committee by april 6 , 1995 . further information may be obtained by writing to : dr . j . ezquerro iccs - 95 , program committee ilcli villa asuncion . apdo . 220 20080 san sebastian , spain . fax : 34 43 293677 e . mail : iccs-95 @ sf . ehu . es dr . k . korta iccs-95 , organizing committee ilcli villa asuncion . apdo . 220 20080 san sebastian , spain . fax : 34 43 293677 e . mail : iccs-95 @ sf . ehu . es program committee : j . barwise ( bloomington ) , j . ezquerro ( secretary ) , j . e . fenstad ( oslo ) , r . m . kempson ( london ) , e . klein ( edinburgh ) , k . korta ( san sebastian ) , a . lopez ( valencia ) , f . migura ( vitoria ) , f . j . pelletier ( edmonton ) , v . sanchez de zavala ( san sebasian ) , c . lsidner ( cambridge , ma ) , r . tuomela ( helsinki ) , j . tynan ( vitoria ) . organizing committee : x . arrazola ( assistant secretary ) , m . aurnague ( toulouse ) , b . bara ( torino ) , s . garrod ( glasgow ) , l . gonzalez ( madrid ) , k . korta ( secretary ) , j . m . larrazabal ( san sebastian ) , c . martinez ( santiago ) s . rementeria ( zamudio ) .
  """",0
  781,""""Subject: basic word order
   
   this is a somewhat delayed reaction to frederick newmeyer 's posting on basic word order . i was prepared to let someone else comment on the underlying logic of newmeyer 's message . this did not happen , however , so here comes . newmeyer observes that data from a given language seldom exhibits an unambiguous ' basic word order ' , and there seem to be no generally agreed-upon criteria to resolve this ambiguity . he further notes that this fact reveals a weakness in functionalist linguistics ( or , in more polite terms , ' presents a challenge to it ' ) . he adds , on two occasions , that generative linguistics is increasingly coming to share the same weakness . by ` increasingly ' he must mean the fact that some applications of the principles-and - parameters approach are taking both language-particular and cross-linguistic data into account more seriously than used to be the case . before these developments , generative linguistics decreed that every ( configurational ) language has some sort of basic word order , as specified by the phrase structure ( or x - bar ) component of its grammar . newmeyer seems to suggest that this type of basic word order did not share the weakness that is ' increasingly ' becoming a characteristic of generative linguistics . the difference between earlier generative linguistics and current generative linguistics , and between their respective conceptions of basic word order , resides in the fact that the former did not , whereas the latter does , pay systematic attention to ( cross - ) linguistic data . newmeyer 's formulation then seems to suggest that not paying attention to ( cross - ) linguistic data is a strength of the theory . esa itkonen
  """",0
  782,""""Subject: tagged corpora : summary
   
   this is a summary of the responses received to my question about accessible on-line tagged databases ( nov . 17 ) . thank you to david palmer , peter christian , martin corley , and cornell juliano . - - janet rowe 1 . several german corpora feare available through a system called cosmas at the institut fur deutsche sprache in mannheim . if anyone knows the address please let me know . 2 . at least two english corpora are available . the british national corpus will be available soon through natcorp @ vax . ox . ac . uk a very small ( but thoroughly tagged ) corpus called susanne is available from ftp . black . ox . ac . uk 3 . the following reference may be very useful : edwards , jane a . and martin d . lampert ( eds . ) . date ? ? ? talking data : transcription and coding in discourse research . london and hillsdale n . j . : erlbaum . 336 pp . chapter 10 , by jane a . edwards , is entitled """""""" survey of electronic corpora and related resources for language researchers """""""" .
  """",0
  783,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1404 comparative method in linguistics
   
   ) leo . karamojong is one of a number of languages which are collectively ) called jie . they are nilotic languages . obviously related languages ) are spoken in sudan , e . g . , dinka , nuer , shilluk , in uganda , e . g . , ) achooli , lango and in kenya / tanzania , e . g . , luo . if you saw a ) word list from each of these languages , e . g . , the numbers from one to ) ten , you would have little difficulty reconstructingthe parent language ) yourself . now when it comes to another branch of nilotic which includes ) maasai and kalenjin i think you could also see the genetic relationship . ) all the nilotic languages were recognised as genetically related long ) before greenberg . but then the bigshots of pre - greenberg , esp the ) german super-star carl meinhof went further . they wanted to connect ) these languages with """""""" hamitic """""""" ( you know people related to the egyptians ) with all the implications of the jaded racial arguments about whether ) the egyptians were black or not - - or rather not black , or not not ) . one small correction and one comment on benji wald 's interesting letter on pre - greenber classifications of the nilotic languages . karimojong is actually a member of """""""" the other branch of nilotic which includes maasai and kalenjin """""""" . this branch , termed nilo - hamitic by some , and paranilotic by tucker and bryan was divided into two groups by oswin koehler in 1955 as part of a tripartite division of the nilotic language - - western ( dinka , nuer , shilluk , achooli , lango , dholuo ) , eastern ( maasai , karimojong , turkana , etc . ) , southern ( kalenjin , datooga ) . greenberg saw the correctness of koehler 's classification and adopted it . it is accepted by all today . it is also worth noting that there were scholars , such as tucker and bryan , who , although they did not accept the connection with """""""" hamitic """""""" , did feel that there was sufficient evidence to connect southern and eastern in a group ( the old nilo - hamitic or paranilotic ) . tucker and bryan believed that these languages were nilotic ( or would ultimately be shown to be nilotic , so the question was really whether the tree was : / | \ or / \ / \ the evidence for the paranilotic subgrouping was syntactic ( vso word order ) , morphological type ( particularly the fairly elaborate verbal derivational morphology of the eastern and southern languages vs . the reduced morphology of the western ones ) , and unusual features such as tonal case ( found in the southern languages and all of the eastern ones except bari ) . none of this has proved sufficient to sustain the paranilotic grouping . chet creider creider @ csd . uwo . ca
  """",0
  784,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1404 comparative method in linguistics
   
   karl teeter is mistaken , i think , when he says that you cannot classify languages on the basis of phonological correspondences in the lexical items , when he says that you would treat english and french as related ( via the norman borrowings ) if you did this , when he says that the idea of using this method is """""""" novel """""""" , when he says that you can only classify lamnguages as related if you have written a comparative grammar , etc . ( a ) for many language families , there is no other basis for classification available , because they lack the kind of morphological complexity so beloved of indo - europeanists , algonkianists , and those other - ists who happen to enjoy its blessings in """""""" their """""""" languages , ( b ) the danger of confusing borrowings for cognates is always real , but it is easy to see that the lexical connaections of english with french are more transparent phonologically and less central semantically than those with dutch , hence more recent , hence borrowings . ( c ) there is nothing novel in what i am saying , since it is the method which , for example , edward sapir used to establish that the uto - aztecan languages are really a family ( rather than three families ) . ( d ) you cannot possibly realistically expect normal people to spend time writing comparative grammars of languages which have not previously been shown to be related . so classification must come first ! on the other hand , it is perfectly easy to write a """""""" crazy """""""" comparative grammar for any random group of languages , e . g . , french and english . the last is perhaps the most important point : reconstruction of morphological systems can be done well or badly , so can comparison of lexical items . both can yield correct results ; both can also produce garbage . p . s . i say ' lexical items ' deliberately , because there seem to be language families where there is no morphology at all to compare . in most cases , howveer , there are some bound morphemes , and one compares those as well ( as did sapir in the case of uto - aztecan ) . but this is a far cry from reconstructing the kind of intricate morphological patterns found in the older indo - european languages , for example , but absent from many other language families .
  """",0
  785,""""Subject: comparative method ( shared sound changes )
   
   alice faber 's very sound posting brings up a very important point : indvidual sound changes , especially those which are known to be common in languages of the world , cannot be the basis of subclassification . what you need is either sets of unrelated changes ( english has diphthongized some of the same long high vowels as high german , so that eis and ice , haus and house sound rather similar , but they do not share other changes ) , or a chronology of the sound changes with respect to other changes ( e . g . , the diphthongization in english was presumably preceded by the loss of / x / or / c , / , but there is no such change in high german ) . on the other hand , we find that the northern uto - aztecan languages share the changes of intervocalic / l / - ) / n / , / n / - > velar nasal , and / c / - > / y / . any one of these would mean little , but all three together ( and the fact that the / l / - ) / n / does not feed the / n / - > / ng / change ) make it reasonably certain that these really are shared innovations , and that northern uto - aztecan is a genuine classificatory unit ( a valid node in the uto - aztecan tree , if you will ) - - something that has until recently been generally doubted .
  """",0
  786,""""Subject: relative pronouns for the family pet , cont 'd
   
   in connection with the recent thread - - initiated , if memory serves , by alexis manaster - ramer - - on the cross-linguistic patterns of + / - animate pronouns referring back to higher non-human mammalia , some new data from today 's new york times ( 12 / 6 / 94 , b1 ) may be of interest . a sheepdog intercepted by suspicious customs officials at new york 's jfk airport was x-rayed and found to be carrying five pounds of cocaine surgically implanted in her abdomen before she took off from bogota . a suspect , john erik roa of paterson , n . j . , has admitted that he knew the dog was concealing the cocaine and has been charged with drug trafficking . ( no doubt he plans to ask for immunity in exchange for testifying against the dog . ) what 's anaphorically relevant about the case is the contrast between the relative pronouns ( emphasis added below ) referring back to """""""" coke """""""" ( as she has been nicknamed by kennedy vet port director dr . steven weinstein ) and a fellow canine mentioned in the write-up in the times : . . . fortunately for the dog , which is gray and white and about two feet high , none of the condoms had ruptured , which [ dr . weinstein ] said would have been fatal . . . . mr . roa 's brother , andre , reached at the family home in paterson last night , said that his brother had worked in a pizza parlor until about two months ago , when he moved out of the hous . he said the family had a dog of its own , a german shepherd , which he described as a """""""" family dog who has nothing to do with drugs """""""" . larry horn ( lhorn @ yalevm . ycc . yale . edu )
  """",0
  787,""""Subject: more on """""""" mazel tov """"""""
   
   as far as i know , hebrew _ mazal _ ( - ) yiddish _ mazl _ ) comes close to meaning something like ` lot ' or ` fortune ' , and _ tov _ means ` good ' . thus hebrew _ mazal tov _ [ ma ' zal ' tov ] and yiddish _ mazl tov _ [ ' mazltov ] seem to have originally denoted something like """""""" i wish you good fortune """""""" or """""""" this is good fortune """""""" . as has been mentioned , it is used to express congratulations rather than a wish for the future . as has been mentioned by others , like many other yiddish words , _ mazl _ has found its way into languages that had sustained contacts with yiddish , and they may have been passed on to yet other languages . to the ones mentioned in jeff allen 's summary ( e . g . , dutch _ de mazzel _ , high german _ massel _ [ ' mas @ l ] ~ [ ' maz @ l ] ) i would like to add the high german verb _ vermasseln _ ` to spoil ' , ` to ruin ' ; e . g . , _ sie hat mir meine arbeit vermasselt _ ` she has ruined my work ' , ` she has screwed up my job ' . _ vermasseln _ is so commonly used that many will not think of it as a slang word . traditionally , borrowing from the yiddish language into the high german language is assumed to have occurred by way of underground jargons ( _ gaunersprachen _ , _ rotwelsch _ ) . i am not aware of any challenge to this generalization , but it seems rather sweeping to me . interestingly , yiddish - derived words in the low german language seem to be fewer in number and to be mostly high - german - derived ( due to a lesser degree of contact with yiddish ? ) . reinhard ( ron ) f . hahn university of washington rhahn @ u . washington . edu
  """",0
  788,""""Subject: sapir-whorf
   
   i ' m not sure if i ' m beating a dead horse , so to speak , but i do n't feel i can let david prager branner 's comment below slip by . ) in that form in which it is often articulated , sapir - whorf is obvious , ) even trivial - anyone who has tried doing idiomatic translation between ) two radically different languages knows that language positively rules ) the way we think . this is too fully self-evident to justify listing ) examples and testimonials . i have done translation between english and spanish , and i do n't know if they count as radically different , but my conclusion from that experience was hardly the same as branner 's . i would say instead that language positively rules how we express ourselves , not how we think . now , i suspect , along with branner , that sapir - whorf is not really a hypothesis , and it is certainly not a coherent one as it is stated since """""""" think """""""" can be construed in many different ways . i suspect that my disagreement with branner here is as much a function of how we use that word as substantially about how language shapes or does n't shape congitive processes . michael newman dept . of educational theory & practice the ohio state university mnewman @ magnus . acs . ohio-state . edu
  """",0
  789,""""Subject: query : """""""" grasshopper mind """""""" ?
   
   are you familiar with the english collocation """""""" grasshopper mind """""""" ? i first saw it listed as a translation equivalent to _ utsuri-gi _ ' fickleness ; caprice ' in kenkyusha 's new japanese - english dictionary ( 4th ed . 1974 ) , and then found it exemplifying adjectival _ grasshopper _ ' frivolous ' in kenkyusha 's new english - japanese dictionary ( 5th ed . 1980 ) . since grasshopper figuratively means a ' flighty , improvident person ' , """""""" grasshopper mind """""""" is a metaphorically apt free combination ( occurring three times in the cobuilddirect on-line corpus ) , but is it a standard collocation requiring lexicographical treatment ? none of the english monolingual dictionaries i checked enters this combination ; the closest is the oxford english dictionary 's ( 2nd ed . 1989 ) """""""" my mind travelled up . . . and grasshoppered """""""" usage example . however , roget 's thesaurus ( longman 1982 ) includes """""""" grasshopper mind """""""" s . v . _ changeable thing _ and _ inattention _ . do other english language reference works enter """""""" the grasshopper mind """""""" ? when was it first recorded ? is it a varietal or dialectal term ? are there analogous """""""" grasshoppery """""""" words in other languages ? if you can answer any of these questions , please contact me directly and i will post a summary to linguist . michael carr , otaru university of commerce , otaru 047 japan email carr @ canal . otaru-uc . ac . jp fax 81 + 134-22 - 0467
  """",0
  790,""""Subject: rea
   
   could somebody out there help me get my hands on a simple dichotic listening tape ( test ) that could be used to test for right ear advantage ( or left ear advantage as the case may be ) of linguistic stimuli ? i ' m not asking for this for free , of course , but i have had problems finding a good one around here ( in the boston area ) . looking forward to hearing from you hoskuldur thrainsson department of linguistics harvard university 77 dunster street cambridge , ma 02138 tel . ( 617 ) 495-4006 , e-mail """""""" thrainss @ fas . harvard . edu """"""""
  """",0
  791,""""Subject: query on sumerian initial ccs
   
   dear fellow subscribers ! in two recent articles claude boisson ( bsl 84 . 1 , 1989 : 201-233 ) and manfred schretter ( acta orientalia hafn . 54 , 1993 : 7-30 ) have argued for the possibility of positing ( tautosyllabic ) initial consonant clusters for the reconstructed level of sumerian , basing themselves mainly on the so-called """""""" proto - ea """""""" syllabary glosses of sumerian logographs . does anybody know if there have been earlier / other attempts to reconstruct ccv ( c ) syllables in sumerian or attempts to use """""""" multiple """""""" , i . e . """""""" phonetic transfer """""""" readings of sumerian logographs for purpos - ses of reconstruction , in the fashion of what sinologists commonly reconstruct in old chinese on the basis of """""""" jiajie - """""""" , """""""" xiesheng - """""""" """""""" yidu - """""""" readings of chinese characters . any pointers & references on this subject would be highly appreciated . best regards , wolfgang wolfgang behr sinologie , johann wolfgang goethe - universit t , frankfurt / main dantestr . 4 - 6 / vi , postfach 111 932 60054 frankfurt / main , frg fax : 069 / 798-2973 ; tel . ( o ) : 069 / 798-2852
  """",0
  792,""""Subject: books and articles on cd-rom
   
   this text is also available in german ( see below ) dear linguist readers throughout the last years the working conditions of many scientists have been profoundly changed through the introduction of modern data processing technology . almost every workplace is being equipped with a computer which , after hours or even days of patiently getting acquainted with the working procedure of these tools , constitutes an enormous advantage . this advantage especially shows in the ever more efficient saving , processing , and transferring of data . thus , as early as today , most of the manuscripts of books , articles , diplomas , and master 's theses are being processed through word processing programmes and are eventually available as a computer file . besides word processing , both newer , more rapid processors and more efficient programmes also make possible an ever higher integration of images , image sequences and sound recordings into a written text . accordingly , a phonetic transcription of an experiment can contain , in addition to the text , not only a recording of the language but also photographs of the articulating organs , such as mouth and upper jaw . that allows the experiment to be followed much more easily and also to be conducted by other scientists from a different view point . in addition to saving how the research work is done , it is also possible to save the subject of the research on any kind of storage media . in order to archive the amount of data resulting from this particular combination of text , sound and images , the compact disc ( cd ) has come more and more into fashion as the perfect storage medium . today , many publications are already available on cd . besides the possibility of a multi-media presentation of knowledge , the cd has one more advantage : because of the low production costs of a cd and its huge storage capacity , more publications of scientists can be made available than is currently possible in journals and books . at this point , the possibility emerges for young scientists as well as for renowned ones to publish their works that have up to now tended to disappear in some drawer because of either the publishing costs or a """""""" not-a - chance """""""" notion . with this as a background , i would like to begin a survey to determine to what extent the linguists of all fields might have interest in the following questions : 1 . ) is multi-media technology commonly accepted ? do linguists prefer traditional print media , or is there any interest in accepting knowledge from the computer screen ? 2 . ) is there any interest in publishing works which contain not only text but also images and sound ? what ideas are there on how to publish these scientific works ? 3 . ) who has experience using cds in the field of linguistics ? this survey is intended to serve as a basis for developing a concept for a new enterprise in the media services sector , which should provide next year 's young linguistically oriented post-graduate students a platform from which to work independently . i would like to thank you in advance for your answers and ideas . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ liebe linguist leser , in den letzten jahren hat sich die arbeitswelt vieler wissenschaftler durch die einfuehrung moderner techniken der datenverarbeitung grundlegend geaendert . fast jeder arbeitsplatz ist mit einem computer ausgestattet , der nach einigen geduldigen stunden und tagen des kennenlernens der wirkungsweise dieser geraete , einen enormen arbeitsvorteil darstellt . dieser vorteil besteht insbesondere in der mehr und mehr komfortableren erfassung , verarbeitung und weitergabe von daten . so werden die meisten niederschriften von buechern , artikeln , diplom - und magisterarbeiten bereits heute durch textverarbeitungsprogramme bearbeitet und liegen letztendlich als eine datei vor . neue und schnellere rechner sowie leistungsfaehigere programme machen neben der bearbeitung von text auch mehr und mehr eine integration von bildern , bildsequenzen und tonaufnahmen in eine niederschrift moeglich . so kann z . b . eine phonetische niederschrift ueber ein lautsprachliches experiment neben den schriftlichen ausfuehrungen auch die sprachaufnahmen enthalten , aber auch bildaufnahmen der artikulierenden organe , wie mund und unterkiefer ; damit ist dieses experiment besser nachvollziehbar und koennte unter anderen gesichtspunkten von dritten wissenschaftlern ebenfalls durchgefuehrt werden . es ist also moeglich , in vielen faellen neben den ausfuehrungen einer untersuchung , auch den untersuchungsgegenstand auf einen datentraeger zu speichern . um diese mengen an daten , die durch die kombination von text , bild und ton entstehen , zu archivieren , bewaehrt sich immer mehr die cd als speichermedium . viele veroeffentlichungen erscheinen schon heute auf cd . neben der moeglichkeit einer multi - media darstellung von wissen , hat die cd aber noch einen weiteren vorteil : aufgrund der niedrigen herstellungskosten einer cd und der riesigen menge an speicherplatz wird es moeglich , publikationen von mehr wissenschaftlern zu veroeffentlichen , als es mit herkoemmlichen journalen und buechern moeglich ist . hier ergibt sich fuer junge wissenschaftler , aber auch fuer renommierte die moeglichkeit , ihre niederschriften an die oeffentlichkeit zu bringen , die bisher , bedingt durch preis und ` chancenlosigkeit ' , eher in der schublade verschwanden . mit diesem hintergrund versehen , wuerde ich gern eine umfrage starten , inwieweit linguisten aller gebiete ein interesse an folgenden themen zeigen : 1 . ) gibt es eine allgemeine akzeptanz der multi - media technik . greifen linguisten lieber auf traditionell gedruckte literatur zurueck , oder besteht auch ein interesse an der wissensaufnahme durch den bildschirm . 2 . ) interessiert sich jemand fuer eine veroeffentlichung eigener arbeiten , die neben text auch bild und ton enthalten . welche vorstellungen gibt es ueber eine solche art und weise der publikation von wissenschaftlichen arbeiten . 3 . ) wer hat schon erfahrungen in der sprachwissenschaftlichen anwendung von cd 's gesammelt ? diese umfrage steht in dienst einer konzeptentwicklung fuer ein neues unternehmen im medien - dienstleistungsbereich , das fuer jungen , sprachwissenschaftlich orientierten studenten nach abschluss des studiums im naechsten jahr die basis fuer eine eigenstaendige arbeiten bilden soll . bereits im voraus bedanke ich mich fuer ihre antworten und anregungen . ingolf franke zeughausstrasse 31 d-54292 trier germany tel . ( 0651 ) 1 35 10 e-mail : fran2801 @ pcmail . uni-trier . de
  """",0
  793,""""Subject: aaai fall symoposium on formalizing context
   
   formalizing context aaai-95 fall symposium mit , cambridge , massachusetts november 10-12 , 1995 call for papers description the notion of context has played an important role in ai systems for many years . however , formal logical explication of contexts remains an area of research in which there are significant open issues . this symposium will provide a forum for discussing formalizations of contexts , approaches to resolving open issues , and application areas for context formalisms . the most ambitious goal of formalizing contexts is to make automated reasoning systems which are never permanently stuck with the concepts they use at a given time because they can always transcend the context they are in . such a capability would allow the designer of a reasoning system to include only such phenomena as are required for the system 's immediate purpose , retaining the assurance that if a broader system is required later , """""""" lifting rules """""""" can be devised to restate the facts from the narrow context in the broader context with qualifications added as necessary . a formal theory of context in which sentences are always considered as asserted within a context could provide a basis for such transcendence . formal theories of context are also needed to provide a representation of the context associated with a particular circumstance , e . g . the context of a conversation in which terms have particular meanings that they would n't have in the language in general . linguists and philosophers have already studied similar notions of context . an example is the situation theory that has been proposed in philosophy and applied to linguistics . however , these theories usually lie embedded in the analysis of specific linguistic constructions , so locating the exact match with ai concerns is itself a research challenge . this symposium aims to bring together researchers who have studied or applied contexts in ai or related fields . technical papers dealing with formalizations of context , the problem of generality , and use of context in common sense reasoning are especially welcome . however , survey papers which focus on contexts from other points of view , such as philosophy , linguistics , or natural language processing , or which apply contexts in other areas of ai , are also encouraged . submission information persons wishing to make presentations at the workshop should submit papers ( up to 12 pages , 12pt font ) . persons wishing only to attend the workshop should submit a 1 - 2 page research summary including a list of relevant publications . a postscript file or 8 paper copies should be sent to the program chair . limited funding will be available to support student travel . timetable april 14 , 1995 submission deadline . may 19 , 1995 submitters will be informed of decisions august 15 , 1995 final papers due september 20 , 1995 aaai will mail working notes to the participants november 10-12 , 1995 fall symposium program committee sasa buvac ( chair ) . department of computer science , stanford university , stanford ca 94305-2140 . buvac @ sail . stanford . edu richard fikes . knowledge systems laboratory , stanford university , 701 welch road , bldg . c , palo alto , ca 94304 . fikes @ ksl . stanford . edu ramanathan guha . mcc , 3500 , w . balcones center drive , austin , tx 78759 . guha @ mcc . com pat hayes . beckman institute , 405 north mathews av . , urbana , il 61801 . phayes @ cs . uiuc . edu john mccarthy . department of computer science , stanford university , stanford ca 94305-2140 . jmc @ sail . stanford . edu murray shanahan . imperial college , dept of computing , 180 queen 's gate , london sw7 2bz , england . mps @ doc . ic . ac . uk robert stalnaker . 20d-220 , department of linguistics and philosophy , m . i . t . cambridge , ma 02139 . stal @ mit . edu johan van benthem . institute for logic , language and computation , university of amsterdam , plantage muidergracht 24 , 1018 tv amsterdam , the netherlands . johan @ fwi . uva . nl ( postscript and plain text versions of this announcement are available through the symposium www page at http : / / sail . stanford . edu / buvac / 95 - context-symposium and via anonymous ftp from sail . stanford . edu in the directory / buvac / 95 - context-symposium . )
  """",0
  794,""""Subject: linguist / phonetic request for information
   
   dear linguist , this is a request for information regarding the kinds of pronunciation that are possible for a person who has no tongue , for the purpose of the editing of a novel set in 11th - 12th - century spain . a man has had his tongue removed at the root , so that he may not speak what he has seen . what sounds would he be able to make , after the wound has healed , but before he has practised much ? at the moment he uses a lot of sibilants , which i would imagine to be impossible , except for some kind of sshhing sound . with my limited knowledge , i 'd have thought he 'd have been limited to labials and fricatives - m , p , b , f , v , w . and h ? what about vowels ? the words he presently attempts to articulate are listed below . tongueless approximations forthese would be most gratefully received . take velaz ammar muwardis what happened why more where yes galleenus care jehane eliane i am so sorry do n't think historic pronunciation of the spanish / moorish need to be taken account of . could you please reply to seaboyer @ epas . utoronto . ca many thanks , jude seaboyer
  """",0
  795,""""Subject: hpsg slash
   
   could someone please clarify and exemplify the function ( and definition ) of the slash ( """""""" / """""""" ) in hpsg ( head driven grammar ) . many thnaks . michal ephratt ( rhlh702 @ haifauvm )
  """",0
  796,""""Subject: query : pseudo - explanations
   
   i am trying to collect examples of pseudo-explanations of linguistic phenomena which invoke supposed beliefs or customs such as the following : ( a ) hopi pluralizes the word for ' cloud ' the way that it usually pluralizes only animate nouns , so whorf claimed that this proves that the hopis believe clouds to be alive , ( b ) malagasy and some other languages tend to use passive rather than active voice forms in imperatives , so it is has often been claimed ( i even did this myself once ) that this is a matter of politeness , because by using a passive you are avoiding actually ordering the addressing around , while still making it clear what you want done . ( c ) one of the languages of the torres straits uses the dual in speaking to a married woman , and this was explained by saying that a married woman was assumed to have a child with her ! ! ! ( d ) there is even the famous case of a russian work which claimed that the adjective * beremennyj * ' pregnant ' had no masculine forms ( like the one i just cited ) because only females can get pregnant and then used this very form , saying that a """""""" beremennyj muzhchina """""""" ( = """""""" pregnant - masc man """""""" ) is inconceivable ! these are the kinds of things i would like to collect . and it would be especially if there were a case where the explanation was valid and not pseudo , of course , please send the examples to me and i will post a summary .
  """",0
  797,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1414 native speaker intuitions
   
   on monday , 5 dec 94 , jules levin responded to the following : ) ) tony bex raises some very interesting questions in the posting ) ) about native speaker intuitions . however , there are at least ) ) two other possible explanations for ` could of ' spellings which ) ) plausibly might be offered by naive and not very literate ) ) native speakers of british and american english : ) ) 1 . the ` of ' segment may be a pure homophone which is both ) ) a verb and a preposition without any link other than pronunciation ) ) between them . i think most people would hesitate , for example , ) ) to claim that ) ) a ) he might of said that and ) ) b ) the queen of hearts ) ) use the string pronounced ` of ' in the same way . ) ) 2 . ` of ' in ` could of ' might be some kind of preposition ) ) rather than a verb , along the lines of ` up ' in ` wake up the baby ' ) ) and so on . ) ) ) ) either of the above might be the native speaker 's understanding ) ) of ` of ' - it would be interesting to know if anyone has ever ) ) queried this by asking native speakers of english in some fashion ) ) or other . levin commented : ) i do not believe that ' of ' is or can be considered a verb here , just because ) it replaces the orthoepic ' have ' auxiliary . ) it is an abduction or erroneous hypercorrection of the construct forms ) ' woulda ' , ' coulda ' , etc . ) i have been collecting samples of the latter in """""""" standard """""""" prose , i . e . , ) newspapers , magazine articles , for 20 years , intending to write about the ) construct in """""""" future english """""""" , since that may be the telos of this form . ) it is steadily rising in acceptibility , having appeared even in a wm buckley ) column ( even if the latter would insist he was being ironic ) . the problem ) is that as these constructs become more and more widespread , ordinary ) letter-writers to the newspaper , trying to upgrade their prose style from ) a * no longer analyzable * coulda , shoulda , etc . , but knowing that the latter ) are somehow not strictly kosher , expand or reanalyze them to a false ' of ' ) construction : """""""" he should of stood in bed . . . """""""" ) therefore i submit that ' of ' here is nothing at all structurally , it is like ) the ' b ' in debt . the real linguistic question is the status of the ) constructs vis-a - vis their original compound aux structures . instead of ) engaging in the typical amateurish asking of native speakers what they think ) about it , devise a long sheet of sample sentences with ' have ' constructions ) mixed in with ' of ' constructions , and see if native speakers can ) non-randomly pick them apart . well , yes . but this rather misses my point . who is a native speaker ? many british speakers rarely / never use the ' coulda ' construction . they could hardly , therefore , be building on the kind of expansion suggested above . but surely , they are native speakers . similarly , levin 's proposal would only include those speakers who are literate . tony bex
  """",0
  798,""""Subject: query : have / of ) a
   
   with regard to the recent discussion on linguist of _ coulda _ , _ glassa _ , etc . , can anyone refer me to literature or give native judgments on the limits to which the reductions of _ have _ and _ of _ to _ a _ ( schwa ) may be subject ? my non-native intuitions are that it is unlikely to happen after a vowel : ( i ) ? the victory-a the team ? he may-a been here and even less likely after schwa iteself : ( ii ) ? * the idea-a going there ? * he oughta-a gone there similarly what about before a vowel : ( iii ) ? the concept-a extraction ? he should-a insisted or before schwa : ( iv ) ? the concept-a anaphora ? he could-a avoided it or before the article : ( v ) ? * the cancept-a a transformation perhaps , one or more of ( i ) - ( v ) that is / are impossible get better with ' intrusive ' r ? frits
  """",0
  799,""""Subject: query : different
   
   in one of the novels by ( walter m . ) greeley , i noted _ it 's not much different a life than that of the students _ . in many ways this just confirms the status of _ different _ as a crypto-comparative : cf . * it 's not easy a life , ok it 's not much easier a life than . . . however , what are native speakers ' intuitions about this when _ different _ is biased towards being interpreted as an ' ordinary ' adjective : ( i ) ? it 's entirely different a life from that of the students cf . ( ii ) * ? it 's not entirely novel a notion for me and what about : ( iii ) ? it 's not entirely separate a notion from that of greed or , for those speakers who accept ( iv ) , ( iv ) it 's not much easier of a life than that of the students , what about : ( v ) ? it 's not much different of a life than that of the students i also feel unsure about _ other _ : ( vi ) ? * it 's not ( much ) other a life than . . . ( vii ) ? it 's no other a life than . . . ( viii ) ? it 's not any other a life than . . . let alone ( vi ) - ( viii ) with _ of _ : . . . other of a life . . . frits
  """",0
  800,""""Subject: 
   
   language 70 / 4 ( december , 1994 ) : articles : nancy c . dorian , ` varieties of variation in a very small place : social homogeneity , prestige norms , and linguistic variation ' eloise jelinek & richard demers , ` predicates and pronominal arguments ' andrew carstairs - mccarthy , ` inflection classes , gender , and the principle of contrast ' review article : marilyn shatz on yamada 's laura : a case for the modularity of language and tomasello 's first verbs : a case study reviews : nancy c . dorian on robins & uhlenbeck , eds . , endangered languages michael a . covington on hale & keyser , eds . , the view from building 20 : essays in linguistics in honor of sylvain bromberger richard p . meier on wilcox , the phonetics of fingerspelling andrew spencer on aronoff , morphology by itself : stems and inflectional classes susan steele on heine , auxiliaries : cognitive forces and grammaticalization julia s . falk on malkiel , etymology mark aronoff on parkes , pause and effect : punctuation in the west carmen silva - corvalan on de granda , el espanol en tres mundos michael aceto on winford , predication in caribbean creoles tariq rahman on o'leary , ed . , sociolinguistic survey of northern pakistan bernard comrie on thomas , linguistic purism
  """",0
  801,""""Subject: japanese - thanks
   
   lund 941210 to the linglist readers , some weeks ago i published a query about the japanese particle wa from a semantic / pragmatic / functional point of view . i got an overwhelming response , and with a suitable background of the nobel prize day i wish to express my thanks to all of you who responded , namely : saburo aoki , susan burt , satomi currah , osamu fujimura , akiko hagiwara , alan huffman , shoichi iwasaki , mihoko kubota , kenjiro matsuda , kazuto matsumura , steve seegmiller ( thank you in advance ! ) , melanie siegel , suehara @ wellesley . edu ( i am sorry , but the name must have been deleted ) , naohiro takizawa . a summary follows below . with thanks ann lindvall ( ann . lindvall @ ling . lu . se ) aoyama , takashi . 1983 . the free-floating focus system in japanese : form - content analysis of wa and ga . gengo kenkyu : journal of the linguistic society of japan 83 , 41-60 choi , soonja ( ed . ) . 1993 . japanese / korean linguistics . vol . 3 . stanford linguistic association clancy , patricia ( ed . ) . 1993 . japanese / korean linguistics . vol . 2 . stanford linguistic association cook , haruko m . 1989 . semantic values of the japanese nominal particles wa and ga . duisburg : linguistic agency , university of duisburg ( semantic / pragmatic ) currah , s . & g . d . prideaux . 1991 . the pragmatic function of wa in japanese . canadian journal of linguistics 36 ( 4 ) , 325-335 hinds , john . 1983 . topic continuity in japanese . in : t . givon ( ed . ) . topic continuity in discourse . amsterdam : john benjamin , 47-93 hinds , john , senko maynard and shoichi iwasaki ( eds . ) . 1987 . perspectives on topicalization : the case of japanese wa . typological studies in language 14 . amsterdam / philadelphia : john benjamins ( recommended by almost everyone ) jorden , eleanor ( w / mari noda ) . japanese : the spoken language ( vols . 1 , 2 , 3 ) . harvard university press kitagawa , chisato . 1982 . topic constructions in japanese . lingua 57 , 175-214 kuroda , s . - y . """""""" whether we agree or not : a comparative syntax of english and japanese """""""" . w . poser ( ed . ) . papers from the second international workshop on japanese syntax . csli , stanford university li , charles n . 1976 . subject and topic . new york makino , seiichi . 1982 . japanese grammar and functional grammar . lingua 57 , 125-173 masunaga , kiyoko . 1988 ( ? ) . """""""" case deletion and discourse context """""""" . w . poser ( ed . ) . papers from the second international workshop on japanese syntax . csli , stanford university ( syntactic / functional ) maynard , senko k . 1980 . discourse functions of the japanese theme marker wa . london maynard , senko k . 1990 . an introduction to japanese grammar and communication strategies . tokyo : the japan times ( reference works ) mikami , akira . 1960 . zoo wa hana ga nagai . tokyo : kuroshio shuppan ( in japanese , which unfortunately is out of reach for me but could maybe be interesting for other linglist - readers ) ogihara , toshiyuki . 1986 . """""""" obligatory focus """""""" in japanese and type - shifting principles . proceedings of the west coast conference on formal linguistics , vol . 6 . stanford syntax and semantics series : ( issues of ) japanese syntax . academic press takeshita , atsushi . 1992 . recognizing topics through the use of interaction structures . proceedings of coling ' 92 , 1064-1069 tsutsui , michio . 1981 . topic marker ellipsis in japanese . studies in the linguistic sciences 11 ( 1 ) . dept . of linguistics , university of illinois ( urbana ) . 163-179 watanabe , noriko . 1990 . wa and ga : from the perspective of the deictic center in discourse . in : japanese / korean linguistics ( ed . h . hoji ) . stanford linguistics association ( discourse / functional )
  """",0
  802,""""Subject: tok pisin - thanks
   
   lund 941210 to the linglist readers , some weeks ago i published a query about tok pisin on behalf of my student . the response we got was overwhelming , and we wish to express our thanks to all of you who responded , namely tony bex , august cluver , karl franklin , erland gadelii , debra hardison , michael kac , gerardo lorenzino , hiro masuda , ritsuko onoyama - kikusawa , ingo plag , mark sebba and raymond tang we here publish a summary of all responses , and we will also contact some of you personally . ann lindvall ( ann . lindvall @ ling . lu . se ) aitchison , jean bible society . papua new guinea bickerton , d . 1975 . dynamics of a creole system . cambridge : cambridge university press bickerlon , d . 1981 . roots of language . ann arbor ( ml ) : karoma publishers byrne , f . and t . huebner ( eds . ) . 1991 . development and structures of creole languages : essays in honor of derek bickerton . amsterdam : john benjamins byrne , f . and d . winford . 1993 . focus and grammatical relations in creole languages . amsterdam : benjamins counts , c . d . a . 1982 . ol stori bilong laupu ( the tales of laupu ) . papua new guinea : institute of papua new guinea studies crystal , david . 1987 . the cambridge encyplopedia of language . cup dutton day , r . r . ( ed . ) . 1980 . issues in english creoles . heidelberg : julius groos verlag franklin , k . j . 1992 . traim tasol . vocabulary testing in tok pisin . canberra : department of linguistics , australian national university hall , r . 1943 . melanesian pidgin phrase-book and vocabulary . baltimore : linguistic society of america hancock , i . f . 1971c . """""""" a survey of the pidgins and creoles of the world . """""""" in : hymes , d . ( ed . ) . 1971 . pidginization and creolizalion of languages . proceedings of a conference held at the universily of the west indies mona , jamaica , april 1968 . london : cambridge universily press : 509-523 hancock , i . f . 1980 . """""""" lexical expansion in creole languages . """""""" in : valdman , a . and a . highfield ( eds . ) . 1980 . theoretical orientations in creole studies . new york : academic press : 63-88 holm , j . 1988 . pidgins and creoles , vol . 1 : theory and structure . cambridge : cambridge university press holm . j . 1989 . pidgins and creoles , vol . 2 : reference survey . cambridge : cambridge university press holm , j . 1992 . """""""" atlantic meets pacific : lexicon common to the english - based pidgins and creoles . """""""" in : language sciences 14 , 3 : 185-196 keesing , r . 1988 . melanesian pidgin and the oceanic substrate . stanford : stanford university press languages and linguistics , melanesia . address , see litteral & franklin litteral , r . 1975 . """""""" a proposal for the use of pidgin in papua new guinea 's education system . """""""" in : kivung ( special publication , 1 : tok pisin i go we ? ) 1 ( repr . in pride , j . b . ( ed . ) 1979 . sociolinguistic aspects of language learning and teaching . london : oxford university press : 152-163 ) litteral & franklin . sil , po ukarumpa , via lae , papua new guinea mihalic , frank . 1971 . dictionary . brisbane : jacaranda press . with verhaar mufwene , s . 1988 . english pidgins : form and function . world englishes 7 , 255-267 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1979 . growth and structure of the lexicon of new guinea pidgin . ( pacific linguistics c-52 ) . canberra : australian national university m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1981a . """""""" the development of the category number in tok pisin . """""""" in : muysken , p . ( ed . ) 1981 . generative studies on creole languages . dordrecht : foris publications : 19-55 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1981b . """""""" foreigner talk : tok masta in new guinea . """""""" in : international journal of the sociology of languagc 28 : 93-119 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1982a . """""""" language and communicative efficiency : the case of tok pisin . """""""" in : language and communicalion 2 , 2 : 105-121 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1982b . """""""" etymology and pidgin and creole languages . """""""" in : transactions of the philological society 99-118 muehlhauesler , peter . 1984 . oxford : blackwell m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1985a . """""""" variation in tok pisin . """""""" in : wurm , s . a . and p . m ~ hlh { usler ( eds . ) 1985 . handbook of tok pisin ( ncw guinea pidgin ) . ( pacific linguistic c-70 ) . canberra : australian national university : 233-273 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1985b . """""""" tok pisin and its relevance to theoretical issues in creolistics and general linguistics . """""""" in : wurm , s . a . and p . m ~ hlh { usler ( eds . ) 1985 . handbook of tok pisin ( new guinea pidgin ) . ( pacific linguistic c-70 ) . canberra : australian national university : 443-483 m ~ hlh { usler , p 1985c . """""""" the scientific study of tok pisin : language planning and the tok pisin lexicon . """""""" in : wurm , s . a . and p . m ~ hlh { usler ( eds . ) 1985 . handbook of tok pisin ( new guinea pidgin ) . ( pacific linguistic c-70 ) . canberra : australian national university : 595-664 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1985d . """""""" synonymy and communication across lectal boundaries in tok pisin . """""""" in : hancock , i . f . ( ed . ) 1985 diversity and development in english - related crcoles . ann arbor ( mi ) : karoma publishers : 134-153 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1985e . """""""" kritische bemerkungen zu w | rterb ~ cher des tok pisin und anderer kreolsprachen . """""""" in : boretzky , n . , w . enninger and th . stolz ( eds . ) 1985 . akten des l . essener kolloquims ~ ber """""""" kreolsprachen und sprachkontakte . """""""" bochum : studienverlag dr . n . brockmeyer : 71-85 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1986 . pidgin and creole linguistics . oxford : basil blackwell m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1991 . """""""" the changing status of melanesian pidgin english . """""""" in : ammon , u . and m . hellinger ( eds . ) 1991 . status change of languages . berlin : walter de gruyter : 253-263 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1992a . """""""" pidgins and translation . """""""" in : papiere zur linguistik 47 , 2 : 103-114 m ~ hlh { usler , p . 1992b . """""""" what is the use of studying pidgin and creole languages ? """""""" in : languagc sciences 14 , 3 : 309-317 m ~ hlh { usler , p . , j . a . bennet and d . t . tryon . 1979 . """""""" english - based pidgins in the southwestern pacific . """""""" in : wurm , s . a . ( ed . ) 1979 . new guinea and neighbouring areas : a sociolinguistic laboratory . the hague : mouton : 53-80 nidue , j . 1988 . """""""" a survey of teachers ' attitudes towards the use of tok pisin as a medium of instruction in community schools in papua new guinea . """""""" in : papua new guinea journal of education 24 : 214-231 noel , j . 1975 . """""""" legitimacy of pidgin in the development of papua new guinea toward nationhood . """""""" in : kivung ( special publication , 1 : tok pisin i go we ? ) : 76-84 pacific linguistics series . the australian national university , canberra , australia papua new guinea wantok newspaper pisin in papua new guinea . oxford university press ( review : siegel , jeff . 1994 . language in society . vol . 23 no . 1 reinecke , j . e . , d . decamp , i . f . hancock , s . tsuzaki and r . e . wood . 1975 . a bibliography of pidgin and creole languages . ( oceanic linguistics special publications , 14 ) . honolulu : the university press of hawaii romaine , s . 1988a . pidgin and creole languages . london : longman romaine , s . 1988b . """""""" some differences between spoken and written tok pisin . """""""" in : english world-wide 9 : 243-269 romaine , s . 1988c . """""""" contributions from pidgin and creole studies to a sociolinguistic theory of language sociology of language 71 : 59-66 romaine , s . 1989 . """""""" english and tok pisin in papua new guinea . """""""" in : world englishes 8 : 5-23 romaine , s . 1991 . """""""" the status or tok pisin in papua new guinea : the colonial predicament . """""""" in : ammon , u . and m . hellinger ( eds . ) 1991 . status change of languages . berlin : walter de gruyter : 229-252 romaine , suzanne . 1992 . language , education , and development : urban and rural tok romaine , s . 1994 . """""""" language standardization and linguistic fragmentation in tok pisin . """""""" in : morgan , m . ( ed . ) 1994 . language and social construction in creole situations . los angeles : caas publications : 19-42 ross , m . 1985 . """""""" current use and expansion of tok pisin : effects of tok pisin on some vernacular languagcs . """""""" in : wurm , s . a . and p . m ~ hlh { usler ( eds . ) 1985 . handbook of tok pisin ( new guinea pidgin ) . ( pacific linguistic serics c-70 ) . canbcrra : australian national university : 539-556 sankoff , gillian . 1980 . the social life of language . univ . of pennsylvania press sankoff , g . and brown , p . 1976 . the origins of syntax in discourse : a case study of tok pisin relatives . language 52 , 631-666 scorza & franklin . sil , po ukarumpa , via lae , papua new guinea siegel , j . 1981 . """""""" developments in written tok pisin . """""""" in : ant linguistics 23 : 20-35 smith , g . p . 1990 """""""" creolized tok pisin : uniformity and variation . """""""" in : baldauf , r . b . and a . luke ( eds . ) 1990 . language planning and education in australasia and the south pacific . clevedon ( avon ) : multilingual matters : 179-209 smith , geoff , hongkong steinbauer , f . 1969 . neo - melanesian dictionary . madang , new guinea : kristen pres inc . thomas , dicks . language and literature dept . , university of papua new guinea todd , l . 1985 . """""""" lexical patterning in cameroon pidgin and tok pisin . """""""" in : hancock , i . f . ( ed . ) 1985 . diversity and development in english - relaled creoles . ann arbor ( mi ) : karoma publishers : 116-133 verhaar , john . comprehensive grammar on tok pisin . holland . see mihalic woolford , e . 1979 . aspects of tok pisin grammar . canberra , australia : pacific linguistics , australian national university wurm , s . a . 1980 . """""""" standardisation and instrumentalisation in tok pisin . """""""" in : valdman , a . and a . highfield ( eds . ) 1980 . theoretical orientations in creole studies . new york : academic press : 237-244 wurm , s . a . 1985 . """""""" thc role of new guinea pidgin ( tok pisin ) in the changing culture of papua new guinca . """""""" in : jankowsky , k . r . ( ed . ) 1985 . scientific and humanistic dimensions of language : festschrift for robert lado on the occasion of his 70th birthday on may 31 , 1985 . amsterdam : john benjamins : 605-614 wurm , s . a . and p . m ~ hlh { usler ( eds . ) 1985 . handbook of tok pisin ( new guinea pidgin ) . ( pacific linguistic series c-70 ) . canberra : australian national university z ' graggen , john . anthropos institute , the australian national university , canberra , australia
  """",0
  803,""""Subject: linguistic datasources
   
   at the request of subscribers , we ' ve been collecting the addresses of linguistic datasources which can be reached through world wide web . these addresses are now available to any of you who have web access on the linguist web server at the following url : http : / / engserve . tamu . edu / files / linguistics / linguist / datasources . html this file is also available , to those of you who read web - linguist , through the """""""" linguistic datasources """""""" link . we 'd be delighted to hear any comments anyone would care to make . and if there ' re any addresses we need to add , please let us know what they are . we 'd like to emphasize that we 'd be happy to include sites where individual linguists keep data they would like to make available to their colleagues . since the web allows us to share not merely text , but pictures and sound-recordings , we can now begin an interchange of linguistic information that is of a very different nature from that which was possible in the past . anthony & helen
  """",0
  804,""""Subject: 
   
   proceedings from the workshop on compound nouns copies of the proceedings from the workshop on """""""" compound nouns : multilingual aspects of nominal composition """""""" ( geneva , december 2nd and 3rd , 1994 ) are now available . to order , send a msg to < estival @ divsun . unige . ch > or < pb @ divsun . unige . ch > and send 25 sf per copy by check , money order or bank transfer made to the following account : ubs , no . 472 . 319 . 00d ` ` issco , noms composes : 144 . 541 ' ' . the table of contents can be retrieved by anonymous ftp : ftp issco _ ftp . unige . ch ( or 129 . 194 . 177 . 14 ) cd issco get nc _ contents = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = dominique estival issco , universite de geneve 54 rte des acacias ch-1227 geneve tel : + 41-22 - 705-7116 fax : + 41-22 - 300-1086 < estival @ divsun . unige . ch >
  """",0
  805,""""Subject: 
   
   language & literature 3 / 3 ( 1994 ) : articles : ineke bockting , ' mind style as an interdisciplinary approach to characterisation in faulkner ' valerie lowe , ' unsafe convictions ' : ' unhappy confessions in * the crucible * irma taavitsainen , ' subjectivity as a text - type marker in historical stylistics ' reviews : tom barney on couper - kuhlen , english speech rhythm mike reynolds on simpson , language , ideology and point of view john honey on phillipson , linguistic imperialism miguel marinez - cabeza on zwaan , aspects of literary comprehension michael toolan on fludernik , the fictions of language and the languages of fiction
  """",0
  806,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1433 comparative method
   
   i re-read newmeyer 's original posting ( date 30 nov 94 ) and noticed that it has an implicit attack on the notion of """""""" basic word order """""""" for comparative purposes . this flows from his earlier question on how basic word order is variously defined by various analysts , implying that it lacks precision . to the extent that i have understood the responses so far , no one has responded to this particular point , so here goes - - basically in agreement with newmeyer , but with some criticism of the assumed larger implications for comparative reconstruction of syntax . i ' ll stick to what i know about linguistic events in europe since i expect the events to be more familiar to most readers than events in other language families , so that my examples may speak to readers ' previous ideas about particular linguistic events referred to below , and , under the best circumstances , provoke further discussion . to anticipate , the notion of basic word order is too simple-minded ( simplistic ? ) for diachronic purposes . fn : """""""" could anything resembling latin syntax be reconstructed through comparison of the syntax of the modern romance languages ? """""""" bw : should it ? the immediate ancestor of the romance languages is not latin but proto - romance . svo ? what about the exceptions , e . g . , french j ' ai rien fait etc . are n't they hints to certain historical complications . also aux inversion in standard french , e . g . , sont-ils venus ? standard french aux inversion is probably of germanic origin , not found elsewhere in romance . as for reconstruction of case ( cf . latin / english ) , with possible implications for earlier word order possibilities , case inflections remain on ( third person ) object clitics in all romance languages . when we consider deviations from svo word order in romance languages , we may suspect that the notion of """""""" basic """""""" word order is a villain to the extent that it invites the analyst to disregard less frequent or syntactically restricted word orders . this is not safe in internal reconstruction of syntax , while the most revealing procedure may be to do internal reconstruction of syntax within a language before using the comparative method to reconstruct within groups of languages genetically related by other criteria . in fact , the last point above is what is usually done , and is probably the only proper way to proceed , given the intent of the comparative method . always reconstruct a basic vocabulary first , on the basis of sound correspondences - - to justify genetic relationship among the languages . then consider syntactic comparison . problems with this necessary procedure will emerge in following discussion , but it remains necessary unless you want to reconstruct the syntactic evolution of a geographical area rather than of a genetic family . the latter may be a useful complement to assumed genetic reconstruction , but i think it is too digressive an idea for me to pursue below . now , what about preverbal object clitics in romance ? another hint of complications to the svo concept of romance . preverbal object clitic means ov - - but i suppose """""""" basic """""""" means when o has a noun not a pronoun as the head . and what aout the fixing of multiple object clitic order in romance ? e . g . , case order versus person ( inherent topicality ) order . that can't be reconstructed for latin because the clitics did not arise as distinct entities until proto - romance at the earliest . can a single or preferred clitic order be reconstructed for proto - romance , e . g . , dat-acc ( invariant in spanish and , i think , rumanian , but acc-dat seems to be older in french , now remaining only for third persons , i . e . , no inherent topicality difference therefore earlier case ordering remains - - french acc-dat may reflect germanic influence as well ? ) ? or did fixed clitic orders originally arise independently in various areas of romance ? in any case , how can we avoid the comparative method in addressing the problem of the origin of object clitic order in romance ? in sum , i think that the origin / s and evolution of fixed multiple object clitic orders in romance is a legitimate issue , and that it cannot be solved without recourse to the comparative method ( among others , of course ) . therefore , the comparative method cannot be dismissed in syntactic reconstruction . fn : """""""" should we therefore reconstruct proto - germanic ( almost surely incorrectly ) as svo ? """""""" bw : newmeyer 's reference to proto - germanic reveals even more than romance that """""""" basic """""""" word order is a villainous concept for reconstruction in this case , as if """""""" basic """""""" word orders can be compared across related languages to reconstruct """""""" proto-basic """""""" word orders , such that """""""" minor """""""" word orders can be ignored or reconstructed as """""""" proto-minor """""""" word orders . one principle which emerges from our knowledge of the historical record is that word order change does n't work that way , i . e . , word orders cannot be compartmentalized as """""""" basic """""""" and """""""" minor """""""" for diachronic purposes . principle : if we want to develop tools and principles for syntactic reconstruction , we will really have to consider the functions served by the various word orders at different times , and detect changes in their functions diachronically . in other words , word order change in a language must be studied in the context of the totality of functions of all its word orders at any given time . the difference between such a study and the study of change in """""""" basic """""""" word order , if the latter means anything at all , is analogous to the study of phonetic change and phonemic change . if analysts argue about the notion of """""""" basic """""""" word order , this is analogous to arguing about different concepts of the phoneme , and not about agreed upon linguistic facts . the fallacy of reconstructing """""""" basic """""""" word order for proto - germanic on the basis of the """""""" basic """""""" word order in current germanic becomes obvious according to the above principle because of the sov word order in subordinate clauses in continental germanic . and even this is not as invariant a property of the oldest texts as it is of the later standardised languages , e . g . , before middle german and dutch . english also clues us in to inversion by its many remnants , even without historical texts which reveal more similarities to continental germanic , e . g . , v - first following a subordinate clause or adverb , still common in the av bible . including english but excluding gothic which mirrors to the extent possible the new testament greek syntax from which it was translated , the earliest texts in germanic show , as far as i know , a tendency relatively favorable to verb-final in subordinate clauses , but much variation , later eliminated in the continental standards . this leads to arguments about whether or not the sov tendency was the break-up of an earlier more general indo - european sov tendency ( or earlier fixation ? ) which died in english and scandinavian ( including the still highly inflected icelandic - - creating problems even for simplistic functional arguments for the evolution of svo in germanic , so that the argument would have to be : it started as a reaction to the increasing unreliability of case distinction but spread for social reasons to languages that did n't need it . such an argument does not strike me as at all unreasonable ! ) . [ although i excluded gothic above , because of its malleable accommodation to greek syntax , its deviations from nt greek are quite revealing . most salient is the absence of a definite article , despite its occurrence in nt greek as well as in all other germanic languages . if gothic translation was totally serious about imitating nt greek syntax in all cases it could have adopted an unstressed demonstrative to imitate the greek article , as later germanic did ( in a sense ) . the most important question about gothic syntax is : is the malleability of its syntax innovative from proto - germanic ? - - if so , we will probably never know in what ways the gothic translations of nt greek stretched the limits of that malleability , and distorted the colloquial functions of word order in spoken gothic or more generally in the germanic of the third century . if sov was invariant in some ancestor , then why did it deteriorate in germanic ? at least as puzzling , how / why / when did germanic get aux inversion , even in yes / no questions . all indo - european languages show wh fronting for wh questions , so is there any reason to believe the proto - language did not . would i be buying what newmeyer is questioning with the preceding argument , cf . fn : """""""" i have the impression that with increasing frequency , one comes across statements such as the following in the literature : """""""" most of the attested languages in language family x have some syntactic property . therefore we can assume that proto - x had this property . """""""" """""""" bw : [ why with """""""" increasing frequency """""""" ? is the implication that copy-cat historical linguists are becoming less responsible than they used to be ( cf . the discussion of the spread of rumors about the number of eskimo words for snow ) , or that syntax is driving historical linguistics to pot ? ] to be safe , i guess ancillary arguments come in , like : considering how areally widespread the ie languages are , is it likely that the unanimity of wh first questions across ie is not reflective of the proto-language ? ok , so maybe wh fronting is proto - ie ( got a better explanation for the facts ? or reason to ignore them ? ) , but why aux inversion in germanic questions . and does the application of inversion to yes / no questions mean that there was a question marker in initial position ( wh question position ) with yes / no questions , as in """""""" what / hullo , are you kidding me ? """""""" ( such a marker """""""" ibai """""""" is found in gothic whenever the new testament greek original has """""""" me : """""""" ) . do n't get me wrong . i ' m not suggesting that an initial yes / no question-marker was a necessary condition for the inversion innovation in germanic . i ' m only observing that there was the option of such a marker , and anticipating ( if indeed it has not already been suggested ) that some analysts who are overly formal in their approaches to syntax might suppose the necessity of such a marker to motivate a mechanical generalisation of inversion from wh to yes / no questions . again , because such in - version occurs in all germanic should we not reconstruct it for proto - germanic . . qualification on all : it 's variable in gothic where it 's variable in nt greek : pronoun subjects usually do not invert with the verb , noun subjects usually do . ] a practical point is that , as far as i know , there is an issue about the differentiation of germanic into anything like the modern descendents before the 4 - 5th century . thus , if aux inversion goes back that far , does it matter if it spread from one germanic area to another or if it was part of proto - ( west ? ) germanic ? all innovations must spread before we recognise them as innovations in the language ( or dialect ) . historical linguistics does not study the evolution of the idiolect ( if such a concept as """""""" evolution of the idiolect """""""" is even coherent ) . finally , about typological arguments . when morphology-as - fossilized syntax and universal-typology of word order congealed in the early 1970s , some suggested that even before ie was sov it was vso . why ? because subject marking inflection follows the verb : v - s , get it ? inevitably , then , some suggested that celtic maintains the most archaic """""""" basic """""""" word order among the ie languages . this is another excess in diachronic application of ( whatever ) the notion of basic word order . the principal objection raised was that it is not obvious ( and even unlikely ) that only basic word orders morphologise . ( in fact , they may be least likely to morphologise . ) considering that s represents an unstressed anaphor in v - s , s might be in a minor word order position . [ and note that if basic word order means when the arguments are nominal , not pronominal , then discourse frequency is not criterial of basic , since at least most subject arguments are pronominal , if not merely inflectional . furthermore , if """""""" basic """""""" only counts the relative frequency of subject nominals , it is based on something which is quite rare in discourse : subject nominals ] . in any case , subject inflection following the verb stem is a widespread eurasian areal feature , extending into africa in semitic and various other branches of afro - asiatic . to some this might be taken as a clue to the correctness of nostratic and other super-family notions , to others an indication of an extremely old innovation having spread ( over millenia ? ) across families regardless of genetic relationship ( cf . the famous balkan area ) . still others might opt for coincidence . various other languages also have this feature , e . g . , kanuri in west africa and various new world languages . ( welcome to nostratic ? ) questions about the functions of position after the verb in so-called sov languages are raised by v - s inflectional order . the typological implications of this go beyond my current knowledge , although i dimly remember that various eurasian sov languages are different according to whether or what function post-verb - al position has in such languages . this is obvious , for example , in the contrast between eurasian sov languages ( with differences amongst themselves ) and the so-called sovx west african languages , where x is an adpositional phrase ( with complications about the origin of adpositional phrases in such languages which i will refrain from discussing here ) . since so many eurasian sov languages are also v - s inflectional languages , i do not know if there are sov languages which have a """""""" minor """""""" postverbal position for an anaphoric subject ( such that it turns up in other positions in certain constructions , so that we can demonstrate that it is not an inflection ) . maybe typology of relevant amerind languages will help solve this problem . but maybe we may also anticipate the reappearance of the party-spoiling question about the representativeness of curent language types to possible ( and former ) language types . no doubt an unwelcome ( and unhelpful ? ) thought to many . in this context it seems worth mentioning that mathematical probability arguments for various word orders , as i have seen them practiced , are not impressive , because of faults in their initial assumptions . for example , as far as i know , they invariably assume the validity of counting number of languages , regardless of the genetic relationship or areal contiguity of the languages counted . this seems unsound to me , particularly ignoring areal contiguity . for example , we find ( i think ) that the eurasian area , consisting of umpteen and umpred languages , has s . . . o word order ( ignoring the position of the verb as an independent variable ) . then in the new world we find large areas of contiguous s . . . o order , and separate areas of o . . . s order . maybe we should be calculating mathematical probability on the basis of contiguous area rather than number of languages . the surprising result might be that o . . . s is more probable than s . . . o ( where area is an independent variable , not individual language , of course . ) i ' m not sure what the implications of this might be , but one might be that o . . . s might have once been a more likely ordering strategy than it is now , and that the predominance of s . . . o across languages counted individually is largely the result of areal spread . [ if the spread of s . . . o is old enough , its predominance might even be the result of an absolute increase in the number of """""""" languages """""""" in the world all together . however , this is n't really relevant to my criticim of the way probability arguments have been applied to syntactic typology , only to the historical implications of adequate assumptions about language typology . in fact , i ' ll leave this discussion with the already widely accepted suggestion that strategies for information distribution in the clause , esp . in terms of old / new , are more relevant to typology than such problematic notions for cross-linguistic comparison as subject and object . similarly , for example , i think that in eurasia , agent . . . patient / theme order largely cuts across ergative and accusative languages , even though ergative languages would have patient / theme , or whatever term you want , as subject . to this extent , s . . . o cannot be universal even in eurasia , without confusing """""""" accusative """""""" definitions of subject and object , where subject status is consistent with case-marking , and """""""" ergative """""""" definitions , where case-marking is more closely tied to transitivity role than to the mushy cross-linguistic concept of subject . ] fn : """""""" and furthermore , syntactic change can be fairly catyclysmic , restructuring grammars wholesale in one generation - - unlikely or impossible with phonological systems . """""""" bw : i think the thrust of fn 's suggestion here is largely right , though probably vastly overstated ( on the basis of older ideas about creoles ? ) . however , questions remain in my mind about conditions under which these things happen . within monolingual areas ( or among closely related , mutually intelligible languages , ( certain types of ? ) syntactic strategies seem to have the potential to spead quite quickly , perhaps almost as quickly as new words and expressions , while comparable speed is not generally observed for phonological change ( and is probably """""""" unlikely or impossible """""""" , as newmeyer puts it , for both internal linguistic and social reasons - - in fact , i think """""""" unlikely """""""" is more accurate than """""""" impossible """""""" depending on the nature of the particular type of phonological change , and i have an example of possible single-generation phonological change in the current english of the african americans in new york city area , but i do not have sufficient data to make this possibility or its implications worth discussing here - - until i get to the section in labov 's new book where he discusses recent innovations in the chicago vowel system i will not be sure if he has other examples ) . however , to the extent that language-contact propels """""""" cataclysmic """""""" syntactic change ( in the historical record ) fn 's suggestion is not so clear . for example , english in east la ( a mexican american community ) is more immediately strikingingly different from adjacent english dialects on the phonological than on the syntactic level . and that applies to monolingual speakers of east la english as well as spanish - english bilinguals , and to various phonological segments as well as intonational contours ] . in understanding historical syntactic evolution , it is most often difficult to distinguish internal evolution from language contact ( hence the sour regard for substratal theories during the late 19th - to-mid 20th c celebration of neogrammarian achievements ) - - and then there is also jakobson 's caution that language contact might not permit evoluton that is not internally possible anyway , rather that it can only promote one possible direction of change as opposed to other possible directions which might flourish under other external circumstances . this too i consider problematic as a blanket statement , but a major consideration to keep in mind as a possible constraint on change in most reconstructive expeditions into the unknown past . enough . these are my thoughts about the problems of using the comparative method alone to reconstruct syntax . but nobody would suggest something so foolish as not enlisting all possible tools of reconstruction , including internal and typological in addition to comparative . conversely , it would be equally foolish to shun the comparative method as a reconstructive tool . in any case , the notion of basic word order is not helpful to syntactic reconstruction , if not of doubtful value as an autonomous observation about the synchronic state of any language as well . i mean it 's ok to observe that english and french are both synchronically svo ( spoken french even more than english - - not least because of the former 's preferred question formation strategies ) , but without further discussion that does not mean that their syntaxes are """""""" basically """""""" the same , in any insightful or interesting ( to coin an adjective ) sense . i would like readers to react to any of the points i have made above , not least of all the accuracy of the facts i have suggested for various languages , since i am not an expert in the areas of most of the facts i have presented , e . g . , current typological theory , indo - european linguistics , eurasian and new world areal syntactic characteristics . benji
  """",0
  807,""""Subject: sum : trends and developments in linguistics
   
   here is a summary of the reactions to my recent posting on """""""" the crucial issues and domains of investigation in contemporary linguistic research """""""" and """""""" the most important trends and developments that will determine the research agenda of linguistics in the ( near ) future """""""" . i received four replies in all , viz . from suzanne e kemmer , mark liberman , paul woods and sabine geldof , all of whom i would hereby like to thank . mark liberman 's reply was long , detailed and insightful but also based on an internal report and therefore perhaps not fit for public dissemination . those who want to know the details of what he had to say may want to contact him personally at myl @ sansom . ling . upenn . edu . two general themes emerged from these responses : 1 . as far as theory-building is concerned , the main areas of interest and development for the future are believed to lie in the field of cognitive linguistics , i . e . the relation of linguistic structure to cognition as envisaged by r langacker , g lakoff , and others . 2 . in terms of methodology , a stronger emphasis on corpus based research , made possible by the ongoing micro-electronic revolution . the increasing application of computers in linguistic research is expected to bring about some major theoretical revolutions / paradigm shifts ( cf . pdp , connectionism ) . or . . . what computers reveal about the mind . alex housen
  """",0
  808,""""Subject: call workshop optionality
   
   - call for papers - call for papers - call for papers - the research institute for language and speech ( ots ) , utrecht university , organizes a . . . . . workshop on optionality to be held on september 1 - 2 , 1995 . keynote speakers : jane grimshaw ( rutgers ) tony kroch ( penn ) tanya reinhart ( tel aviv / utrecht ) edwin williams ( princeton ) in the history of generative linguistics , there has been a shift from construction-specific rules to general principles . in the minimalist framework of chomsky ( 1993 ) , movement is argued to be a last resort operation : it may only take place if it is triggered , that is , if movement is required to escape ungrammaticality . this concept , which gradually took shape in the late eighties ( cf . travis 1986 ) , is referred to as """""""" economy """""""" . now , although economy is conceptually attractive , it faces serious problems when confronted with optional movements : by hypothesis , a movement is blocked if it does not have to take place . optionality is widely attested in natural language . one might even claim that there are situations in which it is typical that two or more variants of a construction coexist . in this workshop we would like to explore in what ways the problem of optionality can be approached . one would like to have a theory that predicts which types of optionality may be expected in natural language . we would therefore like to invite papers that deal with the theoretical problem of optionality . papers may focus on optionality in the steady state or on optionality in situations of language acquisition and language change . in addition to 4 ( invited ) keynote talks , we have 12 slots for 35 min . papers . please send 5 copies of an anonymous two-page abstract , one camera-ready version and a 3x5 """""""" card with name ( s ) of author ( s ) , title of paper , affiliation , phone number and e-mail address to : workshop on optionality , research institute for language and speech ( ots ) , utrecht university , trans 10 , 3512 jk utrecht , netherlands . we hope to be able to ( partially ) reimburse speakers . the deadline for submissions is may 1 , 1995 . submissions by e-mail or fax will not be accepted . for further information contact neeleman @ let . ruu . nl or weerman @ let . ruu . nl .
  """",0
  809,""""Subject: call for papers : lagb
   
   linguistics association of great britain spring meeting 10-12 april 1995 the linguistics association of great britain spring conference will be held from monday april 10 to wednesday april 12 at the university of newcastle upon tyne . the guest speaker is ellen prince , who will give the lagb 1995 lecture on ' the notion """""""" construction """""""" and the relation between discourse and syntax ' . the workshop will be on ' grammar and discourse ' , organised by noel burton - roberts . there will be a language tutorial on basque ( two sessions ) , given by larry trask . call for papers offers of papers on all areas of linguistics are invited . send 7 anonymous copies of a one-page abstract , plus one copy with your name and institution at the top and your name and correspondence address on the back . the abstracts should be camera-ready so that those accepted can be included unaltered in the conference booklet . send abstracts ( hard copy ) to arrive by monday january 9 to : greville g . corbett , president lagb , linguistic and international studies , university of surrey , guildford , surrey gu2 5xh enquiries about the meeting : billy clark , meetings secretary lagb : billy1 @ vaxa . middlesex . ac . uk enquiries about local arrangements : karen corrigan : k . p . corrigan @ newcastle . ac . uk enquiries about the lagb : nigel fabb , secretary lagb : n . a . j . fabb @ strath . ac . uk greville g . corbett department of linguistic and international studies university of surrey guildford surrey , gu2 5xh great britain email : g . corbett @ surrey . ac . uk fax : + 44 1483 302605 phone : + 44 1483 300800 ext 2849
  """",0
  810,""""Subject: cfp : spatial expressions
   
   ( < first call for papers ) > < < first call for papers > > < < first call for papers > > ijcai-95 workshop on the representation and processing of spatial expressions fourteenth international joint conference on artificial intelligence ( ijcai-95 ) montreal , canada 1 day during 19th - 21st august 1995 organising committee klaus - peter gapp ( saarbruecken , germany ) jugal kalita ( colorado , usa ) paul mc kevitt ( sheffield , uk ) amitabha mukerjee ( iit , kanpur , india ) patrick olivier ( aberystwyth , uk ) junichi tsujii ( umist , manchester , uk ) laure vieu ( irit , toulouse , france ) wolfgang wahlster ( dfki , saarbruecken , germany ) yorick wilks ( sheffield , uk ) workshop issues : there are been many different approaches to the representation and processing of spatial expressions including geometric schemas , semantic nets , fuzzy sets and predicate logic . yet most existing computational characterisations have so far been restricted to particularly narrow problem domains , that is , specific spatial contexts determined by overall system goals . to date , artificial intelligence research in this field has rarely taken advantage of studies of language and spatial cognition carried out by the cognitive science community . one of the intentions of this workshop is to bring together researchers from both disciplines in the belief that artificial intelligence has much to gain from an appreciation of cognitive theories . in addition to presenting original research participants will be asked where possible to address the following questions : o how does your work draw upon , differ from , refine or extend existing linguistic , cognitive and artificial intelligence approaches ? what are the limitations and assumptions of your approach ? o how should knowledge about space be represented ? what is your underlying knowledge representation and reasoning formalism and what issues have motivated your choice ? o how important is the issue of cognitive plausibility ? o how should the lexicon be organised with respect to spatial prepositions and spatially relevant words ? how can multiple meanings for such words be accommodated ? o the meaning of spatial expressions cannot be addressed in isolation . indeed spatial expressions are used in many different physical contexts and environments . how should the meanings of individual spatially relevant words be composed during processing to obtain meanings of complex spatial expressions ? o object knowledge is generally thought to play an important role in the interpretation of spatial words especially spatial prepositions . how can this be realised and are there any other factors which affect the interpretation of spatially relevant words ? o how language dependent is your approach ? o what are the open questions ? submission requirements : electronic submission is strongly encouraged ( preferably self-contained latex ) . papers must be printed to 8 1 / 2 """""""" x 11 """""""" size . they must be a maximum of 15 pages , each page having no more than 43 lines , lines being at most 140mm long and with 12 point type . title , abstract , figures and references must be included within this length limit . four copies should be mailed to the address below . double sided printing is encouraged . patrick olivier e - mail : plo @ aber . ac . uk centre for intelligent systems tel : + 44 970622447 university of wales fax : + 44 970622455 aberystwyth dyfed , sy23 3db , uk deadlines : submission deadline : 13th march 1995 notification of acceptance : 13th april 1995 camera ready copy due : 27th april 1995 publication : accepted papers will be published in the workshop notes / preprints by ijcai . if there is sufficient interest it is intended that a book will be published based on the workshop notes .
  """",0
  811,""""Subject: usage - based models - symposium
   
   announcing the sixth biennial symposium of the rice university department of linguistics usage-based models of language rice university march 15-18 , 1995 invited speakers : mira ariel tel aviv university joan bybee university of new mexico john du bois university of california , santa barbara michael israel university of california , san diego sydney lamb rice university ronald langacker university of california , san diego tom givon university of oregon brian macwhinney carnegie - mellon university janet pierrehumbert northwestern university john sinclair university of birmingham ( u . k . ) arie verhagen university of utrecht description : the goal of this symposium is to explore approaches to linguistic theory that have in common the aim of accounting for linguistic usage . the empirical data for such theories is not restricted to linguistic intuitions about acceptibility , but comes from usage events of varied types . the focus is on the patterns found in the various sorts of usage data examined , and how those patterns can be extracted , represented , and used by the human mind . research from a variety of traditions will be represented , including corpus-based analyses , discourse studies , experimental studies of language processing and language acquisition , and instrumental phonetics . the approaches taken can be called data-driven , rather than model-driven , in that the fewest possible prior assumptions are made about what types of data are relevant , and that large sets of usage events are observed so that the detailed patterns found in actual usage can emerge . moreover , the various approaches taken show signs of converging toward a view of language as a dynamic system in which linguistic knowledge is not separate from its processing in language use . the linguistic models representing this view are usage-based by virtue of three factors : ( 1 ) the importance placed on usage data for theory construction ; ( 2 ) the direct incorporation of processing ( production and comprehension ) into linguistic theory ; and ( 3 ) the requirement that the models arrived at , whatever the direct source of evidence , must be testable with reference to language use . registration : no charge . symposium attendance on a space-available basis . for further information , contact suzanne kemmer ( kemmer @ ruf . rice . edu ) or michael barlow ( barlow @ ruf . rice . edu ) snailmail : dept . of linguistics , rice university , houston tx 77251-1892 .
  """",0
  812,""""Subject: cgsw10 program
   
   announcing cgsw10 the 10th comparative germanic syntax workshop , organised jointly by the catholic university of brussels , and the p . j . meertens institute for dialectology ( amsterdam ) will take place in brussels on january 17-19 , 1995 . the program tuesday january 17 18 : 00 : registration and reception at conference venue : vrijheidslaan 17 , b-1080 brussels ( metro simonis ) wednesday , january 18 10 : 00 - 10 : 30 : coffee and formal opening 10 : 30 - 11 : 00 : t . taraldsen ( tromso ) case , subject-orientation and agreement in icelandic and faroese 11 : 00 - 11 : 30 : j . zwarts ( utrecht ) simple and complex prepositions and p - stranding in dutch 11 : 30 - 12 : 00 : coffee 12 : 00 - 12 : 30 : h . bennis ( leiden ) , f . beukema ( leiden ) & m . den dikken ( vu , amsterdam ) getting verb movement 12 : 30 - 14 : 00 : lunch 14 : 00 - 14 : 30 : s . barbiers ( leiden ) an antisymmetric analysis of pp extraposition 14 : 30 - 15 : 00 : t . hoekstra ( leiden ) & j . rooryck ( leiden ) dynamic and stative have 15 : 00 - 15 : 30 : e . haeberli ( geneve ) morphological case , pro and word order 15 : 30 - 16 : 00 : coffee 16 : 00 - 16 : 30 : e . - p . kester ( utrecht ) adjectival inflection and licensing conditions on null nouns 16 : 30 - 17 : 00 : e . hoekstra ( meertens , amsterdam ) & m . den dikken ( vu , amsterdam ) parasitic participles thursday , january 19 10 : 00 - 10 : 30 : j . bobaljik ( mit ) the morphological determination of germanic syntax 10 : 30 - 11 : 00 : d . buering ( koeln ) & k . hartmann ( frankfurt ) extraposition , qr , and association with focus 11 : 00 - 11 : 30 : coffee 11 : 30 - 12 : 00 : e . groat ( harvard ) overt and null expletives in germanic 12 : 00 - 12 : 30 : s . menuzzi ( leiden ) on double object constructions in icelandic 12 : 30 - 14 : 00 : lunch 14 : 00 - 14 : 30 : m . everaert ( utrecht ) binding and the inert / active distinction 14 : 30 - 15 : 00 : a . henry ( ulster ) v2 phenomena in belfast english 15 : 00 - 15 : 30 : coffee 15 : 30 - 16 : 00 : f . weerman ( utrecht ) morphological case and null case 16 : 00 - 16 : 30 : j . - w . zwart ( groningen ) the composition of auxiliaries and the placement of participles in dutch travel and hotel information : a file with travel and hotel information will be sent to you upon simple request ( e-mail or coupon below ) . registration and conference lunches : advance registration : $ 20 / bef 700 ( $ 10 / bef 350 for students ) on - site registration : $ 30 / bef 1 , 000 ( $ 20 / bef 700 for students ) advance registration can be made by sending in the coupon below , and by forwarding the required amount into postal account # 000-0536088 - 66 of ku brussel , vrijheidslaan 17 , b-1080 brussels . please mention that you are registering for cgsw10 ; do not forget to add bank charges to the above amounts . the deadline for advance registration is january 9 , 1995 . there are a number of restaurants in the immediate vicinity of the university ; however , given any sizable number of conference participants , this may lead to substantive overcrowding and consequent delays . for this reason , the organisers will arrange for a caterer to provide two lunches on the university premises . since it is vital that we should know in advance how many lunches to order , you must book your lunch in advance by sending in the coupon below . for the lunches , no advance payment is required . cut here - - - - - - name : address : e - mail : 0 i will register on-site 0 i have transferred the registration fee in the amount of 0 bef 1 , 000 0 bef 750 ( student rate ) to postal account # 000-0536088 - 66 . 0 i want to order a conference lunch for wednesday january 18 at bef 400 0 i want to order a conference lunch for thursday january 19 at bef 400 0 please send me hotel and travel information mail , fax , or e-mail this coupon to : ku brussel cgsw10 ( g . vanden wyngaerd ) vrijheidslaan 17 b-1080 brussel belgium tel + 32 2 412 4349 fax + 32 2 412 4200 email : haaam08 @ cc1 . kuleuven . ac . be
  """",0
  813,""""Subject: job announcement
   
   position announcement department of french studies assistant professor in french linguistics , tenure-track , contingent upon budgetary approval ; phd required . able to teach a variety of courses in french linguistics at undergraduate and graduate levels and contribute to training and supervision of graduate teaching assistants . appropriate areas of specialization : discourse analysis , second language acquisition , language pedagogy . expertise in business french or cultural studies helpful . seeking strongest , most versatile candidate we can find . send letter and cv . the university at albany is an equal opportunity / affirmative action employer . applications from women , minority persons , handicapped persons and special disabled or vietnam era veterans are especially welcome . professor mary beth winn , chair department of french studies , hu235 university at albany state university of new york 1400 washington avenue albany , ny 12222
  """",0
  814,""""Subject: job opening for english / socio / applied
   
   [ poster 's note : please do not send your query to me via email ; i am only posting this for peter . thanks - - km ] hiroshima university faculty of integrated arts & science , kagamiyama 1 - chome 7 - 1 , higashi - hiroshima , hiroshima japan 724 dean : prof . mitsuo watabe 7 december , 1994 faculty position in the english department , foreign language course applications are invited from suitable candidates ( either english native speakers or japanese ) for a temporary ( 3 - year ) teaching position in the above department . details relating to the position , and the method of application and the documents required are given below . location : hiroshima university foreign language course , department of english . faculty required : professor , associate professor or lecturer . starting date : april 1 , 1995 . duration : april 1 , 1995 - march 31 , 1998 . qualifications : m . a . essential ; ph . d . preferred ; research and teaching experience desirable . japanese candidates must have reached the age of 60 . area of specialization : sociolinguistics ; applied linguistics . teaching duties : specialized classes in sociolinguistics ; general english classes ; skill-based english classes , specializing in reading , listening , speaking and writing . documents required : curriculum vitae ( including recent photograph ) ; all publications ( nb . originals are required ) ; names and addresses of three persons from whom references may be sought . deadline for receipt of applications and supporting documents : january 9 , 1995 applications should be sent to : prof . mitsuo watabe dean , faculty of integrated arts & science , hiroshima university , kagamiyama 1 - chome , 7 - 1 , higashi - hiroshima , hiroshima 724 . japan . further information may be obtained from the chairman of the selection committee : prof . peter goldsbury english department , faculty of integrated arts & science , hiroshima university , kagamiyama 1 - chome , 7 - 1 , higashi - hiroshima , hiroshima 724 japan tel . ( int ) + 81-824 - 24-6436 fax . ( int ) + 81-824 - 24-0755 home tel . int + 81-82 - 211-1271 home fax . int + 81-82 - 211-1955
  """",0
  815,""""Subject: applied linguistics position
   
   applied linguistics / esl . search reopened . closing date : february 24 , 1995 . east texas state university invites applications for assistant professor of english ( tenure-track ) to teach courses in applied linguistics / esl , full time , starting august 21 , 1995 . minimum qualifications : doctorate in applied linguistics or related applied field ( by june 1 , 1995 ) ; college teaching experience to include some or all of the areas listed below ( see """""""" duties """""""" ) ; demonstrated research commitment . desirable qualifications : experience with in-service and pre-service teacher preparation at elementary and secondary levels ; ability and experience in teaching composition ( including technical writing ) , literature surveys , word-building , or introductory philosophy ; knowledge of languages other than english . duties : teach undergrad and grad courses in general linguistics , structure and history of english , esl principles and practices , language acquisition and processing , sociolinguistics ; advise undergrad and grad students , direct theses ; conduct and publish research in area of applied linguistics specialty . required application materials : letter of application , c . v . , transcripts , three recent letters of recommendation . send all materials to gerald duchovnay , head , department of literature and languages , east texas state university , commerce , tx 75429 . closing date : february 24 , 1995 . files that were active at the time the search was closed earlier this year will be reactivated . east texas state university , which enrolls approximately 8 , 000 students in undergrad , master 's , and doctoral programs in three colleges ( a&s , business / technology , education ) , is located off interstate highway 30 , about 65 miles northeast of dallas . teaching assignment occasionally requires a weekly commute to a satellite campus in suburban dallas / forth worth . east texas state university is committed to the goals of affirmative action and equal employment opportunity . qualified members of affected groups are encouraged to apply .
  """",0
  816,""""Subject: comparative syntax
   
   while i really like most of what scott delancey had to say about syntactic reconstruction usually being based on clues buried in the morphology ( or morphophonology ) , i do n't think this is always the case . there is a rather famous example involving a rule of ancient greek and one variety of old iranian ( the languages of the gatha 's , i seem to recall ) , whereby a neuter pl . subject triggers sg . agreement on a verb , a pattern which is often reconstructed for the proto-language because , as i understand it , of its apparent oddity . this reconstruction is not logically dependent , i do n't believe , on the identity of the actual morphemes marking gender , number , and person in these languages . i would think that there are many such quirks of syntax which could be the basis of a reconstruction . e . g . , polish and several other indo - european languages show traces of a pattern whereby an np referring to a group composed of males and females is grammatically neuter . i have been playing around with the idea of trying to reconstruct this as an old pattern which would be quite independent of the particular number morphemes involved ( b . t . w . , if anyone knows of any literature on this phenomenon , i would be grateful for any references and will post them in summary form ) . another example ( which is not so interesting , because we happen to know the history ) : russian does various complicated things with the case / number endings of the nouns and adjectives when combined with numerals . thus , in the nominative case , ' these adj n ' and ' two adj n ' show different adj and noun forms in russian , where in the presence of a numeral from 2 to 4 the adj has to be in what looks the gen . pl . form ( unless it is feminine , when either the gen . pl . or the gen . sg . is possible ) and the noun in what looks like the gen . sg . form ( except for one or two nouns which seem to take a special form differing in stress placement from the gen . sg . ) . closely related polish , on the other hand , does nothing special in this case ( though both languages do other weird things with numerals above 4 , which need not concern us ) . i wonder if we would not be able to conclude from such behavior that the ancestor of these languages had a distinct paucal number ( 2 - 4 being paucal ) category , which then merged with the plural in polish , but stayed distinct in russian ( with the further hypothesis that some of the paucal endings must have looked like the genitive sg . ones ) . and an even further hypothesis might be that the paucal was originally dual , since paucal is a very unusual category to have . of course , we know that this is what happened , but i wonder if we could not have reconstructed it even if had not known . so , provided the syntactic patterns are distinctive ( e . g . , weird ) enough , purely syntactic comparative reconstruction should be possible ( and i bet that we could even find some more examples of it in the literature besides the greek - iranian one cited above ) . the problem only seems impossible when we consider patterns which are quite prosaic ( and where the number of possibilities is small ) , like the so-called basic word order that has been talked about so much in this discussion . even there , i think , that if we looked at the detailed facts of word order ( not just ov , vo , and the like ) in a group of languages , we might be able to reconstruct the proto - system of word order with some degree of confidence . and even the basic order might be reconstructable enough if we have enough languages with enough diversity and ( geographical ) dispersion between them . the fact that classical latin was often verb-final , while all the romance languages are verb-middle or verb-initial , does not seem to be a very important counterexample , because ( a ) vernacular latin may well have been much more verb - middle than the literary and it is only the former that is relevant , ( b ) the romance languages do not exhibit very much diversity or dispersion . for ex . , does it not seem clear that we can reconstruct ov for proto - turkic and proto - mongolic ? and vo for proto - polynesian ?
  """",0
  817,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1435 native speaker intuitions
   
   as a british speaker of a quasi-standard variety , i was a bit puzzled by tony bex 's assertion that british speakers do n't use _ _ coulda _ _ . if he means the spelling , that 's probably true . but i think i use the sound sequence / kud6 / ( 6 = schwa ) quite a lot in conected speech when the following word begins with a consonant ( especially an obstruent ) . also , i wonder whether labelling this issue a matter of ' native speaker intuitions ' may not be slightly misleading . after all , the phenomenon in question was that / 6v / is frequently spelt _ of _ after words like _ could _ by less highly literate writers . surely this is n't an intuition , any more than spelling the plural with _ 's _ ( potato 's etc . ) is an intuition . furthermore , if greengrocers or anybody else use that spelling , we presumably would n't want to say that for them the plural is a kind of possessive morpheme . so i doubt that mis-spellings can be taken as evidence for the purported grammatical intuition that / 6v / is a verb preposition or whatever . earlier contributors to the debate have seen it as a matter of spelling tending to lose distinctions between homophonous morphemes . whose to say their not write ? richard ingham
  """",0
  818,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1414 native speaker intuitions
   
   i would like to make a few comments on marilyn silva 's questions about control structures like ( 1 ) johnny asked the teacher to go to the bathroom . ( 2 ) johnny asked to go to the movies . which , at least for some native speakers , are acceptable and allow an interpretation with the matrix subject as the controller . i believe that the interpetation of these sentences is fully explainable in terms of speech act semantics ( no syntax needed here ) . first , it is clear that the person asked is a potential agent and that in the """""""" unmarked """""""" case the empty subject is also supposed to an agent supposed to perform some future action specified by the verb phrase on the infinitive clause . therefore , the first option is object control . in the case of ( 1 ) this preferential interpretation is overridden by other pragmatic factors , such as the relative social status of the participants ( student vs . teacher ) . it is relatively unlikely ( though not excluded ) that the student will ask the teacher to do something . therefore , it is seems reasonable to look for an alternative intepretation . in the case of ' ask ' = a reasonable antecedent of the understood subject is the the potential beneficiary of the request , i . e . the asker . the asker benefits from the potential action performed by the addressee of the request . johnny could certainly categorized as being the beneficiary of the situation """""""" going to the bathroom """""""" . thus it seems plausible to referentially link the empty subject of = the infinitive complement . similarly , for a sentence like ( 3 ) john asked paula to be assigned for the task . which seems to involve control switch , i . e . switch from object control to subject control . in this case the passive construction overtly signals that the empty subject cannot be an agent . therefore , it 's implausible to assume coreference between the empty subject and the matrix object . but both john and the empty subject are potential beneficiaries . well , not beneficiaries not in the sense of case grammar or theta-role theory but in the sense of speech act semantics . what seems to at work here is a principle of """""""" role identity """""""" , which has been worked out in some more detail in a recent article written by klaus - michael koepcke and myself in folia linguistica 27 . 57-105 . ( """""""" a cognitive approach to obligatory control phenomena in english and german """""""" ) . roles are not understood there in the sense of case grammar but as """""""" pragmatic roles """""""" . we also point out some interesting differences = between control in english and german , for example , that sentences like ( 4 ) der polizist bat , den saal zu verlassen . ( literally : the policeman asked to leave the room ) can only be interpeted as involving an """""""" implicit controller """""""" , i . e . an addresse or a set of addressees , which is not lexicalized . related issues are also discussed in my recent book """""""" kontrollph = e4nomene im englischen und deutschen aus semantisch-pragmatischer perspektive """""""" published by gunter narr verlag , tuebingen . by the way , koepcke and i found that native speaker 's intuitions in these matters are really very unreliable and that linguists should think of more serious ways of testing what is possible in a language and what is not . klaus panther , university of hamburg , germany
  """",0
  819,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1435 native speaker intuitions
   
   in agreement with some of the comments posted about """""""" of """""""" in """""""" coulda """""""" ( and let 's include hadda ) etc . , it is interesting to me that so many readers knowledgeable about linguistics see any more than a graphic convention attempting to represent the homophony of ' ve with """""""" of """""""" here . it leads to interesting questions about how spelling affects our """""""" mental """""""" lexical representations of words , as literate beings . however , it is questionable whether whatever """""""" psychological reality """""""" the spelling """""""" of """""""" in """""""" could of """""""" has for the literate will have any effect on the future of the language ( since that was brought up ) . i think the spelling """""""" of """""""" for unstressed """""""" have """""""" has about as much chance of making a verb of the other """""""" of """""""" as the spelling """""""" we """""""" would have of making french """""""" oui """""""" an english pronoun . the evolution of parentheses into phonological segments is perhaps more likely .
  """",0
  820,""""Subject: comparative syntax : two languages , one grammar ?
   
   i previously posted this text to another mailing list ; a participant on that list , who also reads linguist , urged me to post it here as well , as a contribution to the """""""" comparative syntax """""""" discussion . the text below , set off by """""""" # """""""" in the left margin , is drawn from ) man 's many voices : language in its cultural context ( , by robbins burling ( new york : holt rhinehart & winston , 1970 ; isbn 0-03 - 081001-09 ) . # john gumperz has examined the colloquial dialects of marathi and kannada # in a village along the maharastra - mysore boundary in central india where # these two languages come into direct contact . marathi is an indo - aryan # language , while kannada is dravidian . historically these two languages # go back to utterly different antecedents , but the indo - aryan and dravidian # languages have been in contact in india for several thousand years and have # long influenced one another . along the borders their mutual influence has # been profound . in the village studied by gumperz most speakers feel # themselves to be bilingual , but the two village dialects share such a # large part of their grammar that one can almost doubt whether they should # count as separate languages . consider , for example , the following sentence : # # kannada : hog - i w @ nd kudri turg mar - i aw t @ nd # tags : verb suff . adj . noun noun verb suff . pron . verb # marathi : ja - un ek ghora cori kar - un tew anla # english : go having one horse theft take having he brought # idiomatic english : having gone and having stolen a horse , # he brought it back . # # all of the morphemes of the kannada sentence are different from those of # the marathi sentence , but they are used according to identical grammatical # principles . the sentences have identical constituent structures and their # morphemes occur in the same order . the same kind of suffixes are attached # to the same kind of bases . these sentences seem by no means to be atypical # of village usage . in fact , one can plausibly suggest that these two # languages ( if indeed they ) are ( two languages ) have the same grammar and # differ only in the items filling the surface forms . one can translate from # one language to another simply by substituting one set of lexical items for # another in the surface structure . # # both the marathi and the kannada used in this village differ from the more # literary or educated styles of the same languages , but both can be shown to # be related to the more standard forms according to the usual criteria by # which linguists recognize genetic affiliation . yet the village dialects # have undergone such profound mutual grammatical influence as to almost # obscure the boundaries between the two languages . curiously , in this case , # it is the lexicon that maintains the separation , and after considering the # effect of marathi and kannada upon each other , one can hardly maintain that # lexicon is always the easiest component of language to borrow or that the # true genetic affiliation will necessarily be shown by the underlying grammar burling 's bibliography refers to the following article ( which i have not read ) : gumperz , john j . """""""" communication in multilingual communities """""""" . in s . tyler , ed . ) cognitive anthropology ( ( new york : holt rhinehart & winston , 1969 ) john cowan sharing account ( lojbab @ access . digex . net ) for now e ' osai ko sarji la lojban .
  """",0
  821,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1448 comparative method
   
   the ongoing discussions about the comparative method do not seem to be getting anywhere on achieving real consensus in greenberg and anti - greenberg camps on the question of what would could as valid evidence that certain language families are related at a large time depth . i wonder if it would not be a good idea to hear something - - from the defenders of wide-ranging and large-time - depth comparison , preferably - - concerning what would count as evidence against a genetic relationship ? as a concrete example , take the fact , recently cited by poser , that all the muskogean evidence in greenberg 's book has been found to be tainted by data errors ( geoffrey d . kimball , a critique of muskogean , """""""" gulf """""""" , and yukian material in _ language in the americas _ , ijal 58 ( 1992 ) , 447-501 ) . i can imagine how one might want to maintain that even this total collapse of the case on muskogean merely puts us back in a state of being neutral , a priori , on whether muskogean languages are related to other amerindian languages , or to nostratic for that matter . anti - greenberg amerindianists are perfectly prepared to agree that the amerind languages might have descended from a common source now lost . that 's neutrality . but suppose we move from that neutrality to the position that we will assume as a default that muskogean is amerind , and so are all the languages of south america , and indeed , that amerind is related to sino - tibetan and both to indo - european and thus nostratic and all of the above to khoisan . . . let us assume for the sake of argument that the world 's languages are all genetically related ; but let us take this to be an empirical assumption - - not just a willingness to reject the closet racism that poser says ruhlen once alleged in his critics , or a yearning to find universal brotherhood , but an assumption against which evidence can in principle count . now , what sort of linguistic evidence would count , for greenberg and ruhlen and illich - svitych , as disproving the inclusion of muskogean or any other family in in the conjectural ( though tentatively assumed ) proto - gaeic ? that is , what sort of data pattern or configuration of phonological and grammatical properties could suffice to make the macrocomparativists throw in the towel and go outside to meet the press and concede defeat ? there ought to be some imaginable scenario that would end up with ruhlen telling a group of reporters from the stanford daily and american scientist and other supermarket tabloids , """""""" well , we thought we could sustain the whole proto - gaeic thing , but that set of paradigms on haida has us beat ; we ' ve had to concede the haida case ; according to our tests , haida is unrelated to the other human languages . """""""" ( much scope for new press attention here : """""""" haida indians are aliens from space , top expert admits . """""""" ) but what sort of scenario would it have to be , to get the greenberg camp to admit that it was in grave trouble on some relatedness claim ? to be fair , orthodox comparativists might well say that if you put it like this , no answer should be expected . one can argue that a certain methodology applied to a certain set of data yield no evidence for relatedness between burushaski and bushman , but not that it refutes such a relatedness . a positivist view of historical linguistics would see it as maintaining hypotheses about verifiable relatednesses in a very particular form : when i say that german """""""" pfennig """""""" comes from an earlier germanic form with initial """""""" p """""""" that will be seen in languages like english with no history of a high german sound shift , i am counted as having been supported by the observation that english speakers say """""""" penny """""""" ; if the form turned out to be """""""" twenny """""""" i would be in trouble ; given german """""""" pfund """""""" i am committed to something like """""""" pund """""""" in english , and ( given the great english vowel shift ) the discovery of """""""" pound """""""" is more good news for me ; and so on . the predictions i am making are about an indefinitely extensible set of pairs ( ger : pfxxx , eng : pxxx ) . now , the falsity of one of these could conceivably taken to refute brittle forms of the hypothesis that english cognates of german pf-words always begin with p - , but it is n't nearly enough to be counterevidence to the whole english / german relatedness claim , of course . that claim would not be given up unless there was a complete collapse of all the evidence : if """""""" pound """""""" was established textually to have been a coinage by a novelist who had never heard german , if """""""" penny """""""" was shown to be borrowed from italian """""""" penne """""""" during a period when pasta had been used for small change , and then all the other sound correspondences started collapsing as well . i ' m asking this : if the 100 % collapse of greenberg 's muskogean evidence , as alleged by kimball , does not count as a complete collapse of the case that muskogean is included in amerind ( hence , a fortiori , of the case that it is in proto - gaeic ) , then i think i need some help in understanding what could be evidence against that inclusion . there had better be something . + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | g e o f f r e y k . p u l l u m * pullum @ cats . ucsc . edu | | stevenson college , university of california , santa cruz , california 95064 | | ( 408 ) 459-4705 * messages ( 408 ) 459-2555 / 2905 * fax ( 408 ) 459-3334 | + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
  """",0
  822,""""Subject: comparative method
   
   in response to poser , nichols does on p . 6 of her book claim that there is no way for the comparative method to distinguish between nostratic and """""""" a much larger grouping of most lineages of the old world and new world """""""" , that is , as she herself says , between hypothetical groupings of around c . 12000 and c . 40000 years ago , and she does say that this """""""" because the cut-off point is so shallow """""""" , the cut-off point being the ceiling of 6000-10000 years which she imposes ( wihout any basis , as noted in my earlier messages ) on the comparative method . since this amounts to a rejection of the nostratic hypothesis ( not as false perhaps but as unverifiable / unfalsifiable , i guess ) , this means that i am right and poser is wrong about whether there have been people who have rejected particular theories of linguistic relationship on the basis of this mythical ceiling idea . in response to teeter : i think ( and i hope karl will endorse this ) that our disagreements are really quite minor , but they are real as far as they go . for example , while karl is obviously 100 % right about meillet 's position in the scientia article ( where meillet says that lexical comparisons can never prove a relationship , and only morphological ones can ) , in his 1925 book meillet repeatedly states that you can establish a linguistic relationship purely on the basis of lexical correspondences , makes the same point that i have been making over and over again here on linguist that for some language families this is the only way of showing relationship since they lack morphology , and even makes the same point that i did about how certain things can only be done once you have established , at least tentatively , that the languages you are dealing with are related . as a matter of fact , he even shows how you could demonstrate the relatedness of the romance languages purely on the basis of a lexical comparison , using the numerals 1-10 , and then shows how you could do that for the older indo - european languages too ( although there he begins to slip in a little morphology ) . i would also like to add that i think it is a serious mistake to pretend that there are no models for comparative linguistics besides indo - european , because it is so utterly atypical of the language families of the world . there are plenty of equally well established families , several of which are older in the only sense that matters , that is , not in years before the present but in years before the earliest written records and many of which are more useful models for those working on families not yet established ( afroasiatic , austronesian , austroasiatic , uto - aztecan , altaic , etc . ) . which is not to say that there is anything wrong with knowing as much as possible about ie , but rather that there is much wrong with knowing naught but indo - european . i am not sure but i think that this is what eric hamp had in mind in a recent paper in the davis / iverson volume when he complained about how the teaching of historical linguistics is hampered by textbooks which largely draw their material from ie ( or indeed from some favored parts of it , such as romance ) . and i am happy to have sally thomason point out that morphological elements can be borrowed . meillet we must remember was greatly troubled by the possibility of such a thing and of the existence of mixed languages . he tried to debunk every examples around , and thought ( wrongly i think ) that if such languages exist , then they cannot be handled by the comparative method . the fact that such languages do exist ( e . g . , mitchif ) and yet pose no problem ( so that we have no trouble tracing certain parts of mitchif to french and others to cree ) means that meillet was worried for naught . but it also means that language classification on the basis of morphology is no more infallibible than that on the basis oif lexical material . you work with what you have available , which in some cases may be largely morphology and only a few obvious lexical parallels ( that 's how afro - asiatic was first established ) , morphology and lexicon ( indo - european ) , lexicon and a single morphological parallel ( algic , as victor golla reminded me just the other day ) , lexicon only ( vietnames and the rest of mon - khmer ) , and so on and so forth .
  """",0
  823,""""Subject: typology of historical change
   
   typology of historical change this note tries to make explicit what i take for granted , and have discussed with others on occasion , but which perhaps needs a more explicit statement . one of the most fruitful avenues of research in distant language comparison , i believe , is the growth of the field i call typology of historical change . under this rubric i include for example the work of johanna nichols ( whether or not i agree with any data , findings or particulars of method , is not relevant to my point ; i still think it helps our thinking along ) . i also include , and this is a challenge i want to issue , the * * * mode of discourse * * * in which mr . vovin asked recently for help in finding typological parallels to a hypothesis he was interested in that a phrase meaning """""""" water falls """""""" could fossilize ( ? ) into a basic word for """""""" rain """""""" . in response to his query , he got back some positive answers , examples which people claimed fit this description . as a method of reasoning , this is what we need more of . that is , more accumulations of attested examples of particular changes , to educate our intuitions of what we naively think are """""""" possible """""""" semantic shifts by ever more experience with what actual semantic shifts are known or suspected . it will help us to improve our methods of guestimating possible language relationships , because it will at least say that a given hypothesized semantic shift is frequently attested , so it is not straining to compare lexical items whose meanings differ in such and such a way . whereas by contrast another hypothesized semantic shift is not firmly attested . so such an unattested semantic shift should probably not be used in those distant language comparisons which are themselves the most difficult to do , because over large time spans the number of context-sensitive conditioning environments is as great as the number of lexical items available to compare , and thus there are few or no * * * recurring * * * sound correspondences . in other words , as we move towards deeper comparisons , we must more and more rely on ways of measuring """""""" distance """""""" of semantic shift and """""""" distance """""""" of phonological change , rather than measuring repeating sound correspondences and semantic identities . we do not yet have our tools for doing this very well sharpened , but we can proceed gradually to sharpen them . a study of the known attested cases is the best start . in other words , if someone really wants to see how our methods fare with gradually more distant language comparisons , and to see how some new methods may fare , they should tabulate , for all known language relationships , ( a ) the proportion of sound-correspondence repetition in the comparable vocabulary ( and what """""""" comparable """""""" means is itself a variable , not exclusively defined by ( b ) and ( c ) ) ( b ) the """""""" semantic distance """""""" along attested paths of semantic change of lexical items being compared . where multiple such shifts have been attested , the estimated """""""" distance """""""" counts as closer , smaller . where few such shifts have been attested , the estimated """""""" distance """""""" counts as greater . we of course do not have enough such information in database form to use at present , but whatever we do have can be used provisionally , as explained in ( d ) ( c ) the """""""" phonetic distance """""""" along attested paths of phonetic change of lexical items being compared . there is relatively more of this knowledge available than for phonological change . ( d ) exploring how the three measures above vary as we go to greater time depths . that is , using first the more assured cases , then the less assured ones , how does a weighted average of """""""" closeness """""""" of compared lexical items vary as we go to increasing time depths ? how does the proportion of regular and often recurring sound correspondences to unique or rarely recurring sound correspondences vary as we go to increasing time depths ? it is the development of the tools in ( b , c ) which will most advance our abilities to compare at greater time depths , improve our methods . i will be very grateful to anyone who points me to studies which approximate to parts of the program outlined just above . """""""" the comparative method """""""" currently does not have the benefit of fully developed tools of this kind . to that degree , the current comparative methods can be considered less rigorous than they ought to be , and for that reason not as powerful at distant language comparisons as they will sometime come to be . a future comparative method can use these tools more and more precisely . the real challenge today to existing comparativists is to avoid artificially fossilizing the term """""""" the comparative method """""""" , to avoid treating its methods as fixed and not subject to improvement and supplementing with newer and more powerful methods , as are the methods in any other science . it would be healthy if the word """""""" the """""""" were dropped from the term and it were made a mass or plural term """""""" comparative methods """""""" . that implies no lessening of rigor . indeed , as i have been at pains to point out above , i firmly believe some of the limitations of the present state of comparative methods result from a * * * lack of rigor * * * in the area of the typology of possible changes ( phonetic , semantic , grammatical ) . work discussed by bill croft in the topic of syntactic reconstruction and typology is certainly relevant to the concerns raised here . i think we are seeing the beginnings of a new paradigm in the focus on paths of change in language , and comparative-historical linguists will be left behind if they do not add these techniques to their box of tools ( while keeping all the good techniques they already have ) . lloyd anderson
  """",0
  824,""""Subject: sum : vowel length in orthographies
   
   a few weeks ago i posted a query about the orthographic marking of vowel length , with special reference to korean . i received many very interesting replies , both on korean and on the general question , which i will summarise below - the whole topic raises some issues that people might like to comment further on . first though - thanks to everyone who took the trouble to send me information . it was my first linglist query and i ' m delighted with the way it works ! it would have taken me ages to assemble all these examples from library research . at first i was surprised to get a lot of replies suggesting as examples of languages that dont mark vowel length , english , german and so on . then i realised i should have been clearer in my original request . a . fox put the problem well with his question : ' your query about writing and vowel length is slightly odd , since it implies that in most languages with contrastive vowel-length the writing system represents it . but this depends on what you mean by ' representing ' vowel-length ; in the sense of having an explicit and consistent marker of length , such as a double letter , a diacritic or other length mark , this is not very common , at least in languages with which i am familiar . but length can be implicitly marked in a variety of ways , and therefore discoverable from the spelling for anyone ( such as the literate native speaker ) who knows the system . ' i 'd intended to include all of these things as ways of ' representing ' vowel length ; definitely not only cases where vowel length is represented as a feature in its own right by a macron , double symbol etc . so what i wanted was examples of languages with an extensive system of minimal pairs differentiated wholly or mainly by vowel length which have identical orthographic representations of the members of the pairs . this is the situation in korean , for quite a largish set of words of both one and two syllables . it 's definitely not the situation in english , german , canadian french , danish etc . i dont think its the situation in latin either , though i might be wrong , and would be glad of correction . here and in quite a few of the other languages that were suggested to me , vowel length is predictable from some other aspect of the word ( including its lexical identity ) so you dont actually get many or any minimal pairs differentiated only by length . right ? the same would appear to be the case for hausa ; and possibly for the other estonian vowel length contrast ? my estonian is a bit rusty , but would i be right in guessing that the full three way contrast is fairly limited ? however , several of the pacific languages that were mentioned to me do seem to fit the bill : tokelauan , samoan , maori , fijian and the ponapeic languages are all candidates for having what i would call a genuine length contrast ( although it seems that in maori at any rate the system of contrasts is quite limited ) , which is at least sometimes not shown in the orthography . so , it seems , does the australian language bardi , and its orthography doesnt show it . . the thing i found very interesting was the number of people who sent anecdotal evidence about how native speakers of these languages feel about marking vowel length . their writing systems are all of course relatively recent introductions based on the roman alphabet , and there are plenty of ways they could show vowel length . but they dont always use this potential it seems . apparently the speakers of ponapeic languages use length marking inconsistently , so do fijian speakers , maori speakers find it ' unnatural ' and dont like using it , tokelauan teachers have decided not to teach it , and in samoa use of a length marker is banned ! there seems to be something worth exploring here . the obvious hypothesis is that though the words are differentiated phonetically by length , this is not the distinction that is most salient to the native speakers . the next obvious hypothesis is that it is some kind of lexical distinction , similar to that of english ' good ' vs ' food ' , ' boot ' vs 's oot ' , ' look ' vs ' loop ' etc that is perfectly simple for native speakers and horrible for learners . ( which could also explain why gaelic has taken the opposite trend and started marking vowel length where it never used to , since it is used so much nowadays by less than fully native speakers . . . ) . thoughts on these hypotheses would be gratefully received . but back to korean . . . this still seems like a very unusual situation to me . it seems likely and indeed it was suggested by some of the korean respondents that the original hangul did have a length marker , but i have found no evidence for this in my research on hangul . ( that 's why i posted the orginal query , and i ve just had another look at ledyard 's thesis on the topic . ) maybe i just need to do more careful research : pointers on this also gratefully received . a couple of points of clarification : the distinction between the monosyllabic vowel length ' minimal pairs ' does seem to be dying out ( though it is the fact that it previously existed but was not marked in the writing system at that time that i find odd ; could it be that the lack of orthographic representation contributes to its demise ? ? ) . but there is a clear distinction in the sound of the two syllable pairs . to my ears these distinction seems to be much more one of pitch accent than of length . and : when i said that native speakers dont easily identify vowel length , i didnt mean that they say ' my language doesnt have a vowel length distinction ' - which would indeed be a statement to be cautious of ! i meant they dont know which word is supposed to have the long vowel and which the short . this is consistent with information sent by native speakers that it is something taught in schools as a prescriptive rule well for anyone who has read this far , let me reward you by sharing with you this response from fran karttunen ( i hope she doesnt mind ) . i dont know exactly how to interpret it with respect to my questions above , but i ' m sure there 's something in it for all of us ! ' both the maya and the nahua ( speakers of unrelated mesoamerican languages ) had achieved a partially-syllabic approach to writing before the arrival of europeans in the first quarter of the 16th century . from what we can tell of their writing , both made some use of rhebus principles in which a drawing of thing , the name of which was similar rather than identical , was used to suggest the intended word / syllable . for instance , a drawing of a a bare bottom ( tzin-tli """""""" buttocks """""""" ) was used for the honorific suffix - tzin . likewise a drawing of a banner , pan-tli was used for locative - pan . these two examples are suffixes , but there are similar cases for initial syllables of nahuatl noun stems , for instance . vowel length , at least for nahuatl , is not taken into account in these cases . the honorific suffix today has the reflex of a long vowel in most modern dialects of nahuatl , making it homophonous with the stem of """""""" buttocks """""""" , but attestation from the sixteenth century consistently show them to contrast in vowel length ( short for the honorific , long for """""""" buttocks """""""" ) . same for """""""" banner """""""" ( long vowel ) versus the locative ( short ) . ' thanks again to all respondents , who are listed below as acknowledgment . ( hope that 's ok ; preparing this summary has already taken so long that i ' m not keen now to go through and give proper ' who said what ' acknowledgments ! ) helen wechsler @ world . std . com ( allan c wechsler ) rcosper @ husky1 . stmarys . ca ( ronald cosper ) fran karttunen ( liar457 @ utxvms . cc . utexas . edu shelly @ uniwa . uwa . edu . au ( shelly harrison ) pulju @ ricevm1 . rice . edu gshin @ rs6 . chonnam . ac . kr ( gyonggu shin ) ian . green @ anu . edu . au ( ian green ) geoffn @ siu . edu ( geoffrey s . nathan ) mdr412 @ coombs . anu . edu . au ( malcolm ross ) jussi . karlgren @ sics . se kenneth de jong ( kdejong @ indiana . edu laurie . bauer @ vuw . ac . nz lance eccles ( lance . eccles @ mq . edu . au ) j . a . rea jarea @ ukcc . uky . edu jihualde @ ux1 . cso . uiuc . edu henry rogers ( rogers @ epas . utoronto . ca ) brian d joseph ( bjoseph @ magnus . acs . ohio-state . edu ) david fertig ( fertig @ acsu . buffalo . edu ) david gil ( ellgild % nusvm . bitnet @ cunyvm . cuny . edu stavros macrakis ( macrakis @ osf . org ) marc picard ( picard @ vax2 . concordia . ca ) charles scott ( cscott @ macc . wisc . edu ) lars mathiesen ( u of copenhagen cs dep ) ( thorinn @ diku . dk ) mark aronoff ( maronoff @ datalab2 . sbs . sunysb . edu ) caoimhin @ sabhal-mor - ostaig . ac . uk ( caoimhin p . odonnaile ) jaejung . song @ stonebow . otago . ac . nz ( jaejung song ) """""""" a . t . c . fox """""""" ( lnp6atcf @ lucs-mac . novell . leeds . ac . uk ) mjulien @ isl . uit . no ( marit julien ) blaine erickson ( erickson @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hfraser @ metz . une . edu . au ( 129 . 180 . 4 . 1 ) helen fraser ( dr ) dept of linguistics university of new england armidale nsw 2351 australia phone 067 73 2128 / 3189 fax 067 73 3735
  """",0
  825,""""Subject: reconstruction of latin
   
   a week or two ago i asked whether anyone had ever tried to apply the methods of historical reconstruction to reconstruct a known ( attested ) language , then compared the result of reconstruction with the actual language . the answer is yes ; thanks to daniel radzinski ( dr @ tovna . co . il ) , deborah yeager ( kyeager @ mailhost . nmt . edu ) , ? ? ( macrakis @ osf . org ) , and marc picard ( picard @ vax2 . concordia . ca ) , several of whom mentioned that robert hall had done a reconstruction of latin on the basis of romance languages . the reference is : hall , robert a . , jr . ( 1976 ) proto-romance phonology . elsevier .
  """",0
  826,""""Subject: 
   
   syntax wesley hudson . pragmatic constraints on binding into noun phrases . ph . d . diss . u . s . c . distr . by gsil publications ( gsil @ usc . edu ) this study analyzes a set of constructions referred to as specificity effects , where the possibility of extracting from within or binding into a noun phrase depends on non-syntactic properties of the np . in contrast to a number of syntactic studies of this phenomenon ( fiengo and higginbotham ( 1981 ) , bower ( 1987 ) , diesing ( 1990 ) ) , this work argues for a non-syntactic analysis of specificity effects . thus the inability to quantify into specific nps follows from a pragmatic equivalent to structurally determined wide scope readings . the class of nps which induce such wide scope readings is defined in terms of two distinct pragmatic properties . the first is referentiality as defined in burge ( 1974 ) , where the interpretations of referential nps are relativized to acts of reference performed on particular occasion of utterance . the second property is based on hawkins ( 1991 ) 's approach to anaphora with ( in ) definite nps ' and involves the implicatures speakers utilize in conveying whether or not a referent is identifiable . these pragmatic properties are shown to correlate with the opacity of nps more closely than syntactic or semantic properties . gsil pulbications patricia schneider - zioga . the syntax of clitic doubling in modern greek . 1994 in this dissertation it is argued that clitic doubling involves a predication structure where a clitic left dislocated ( cllded ) expression , which is a copy of the clitic doubled expression , is the subject of the predication and the clitic and doubled expression serve as the predicate variable ( cf . iatridou ( 1991 ) for clld ) : ( a ) noun phrasej [ predicate . . . cliticj - v noun phrasej . . . ] either the cllded or the doubled argument may phonetically delete . the difference between clitic doubling and clld is a matter of whether the topic or the doubled expression is phonetically ( but not syntactically ) deleted . this proposal accounts for what kind of lexical projections allow clitic - doubling ; the difference in behavior between accusative and oblique clitic doubled expressions ; the impossibility of doubling qps that contain expressions needing antecedents and other reconstruction effects ; as well as the scope interpretation of doubled qps . assymetries between clitic doubling and clld are also addressed . for more information , please contact : gsil @ usc . edu liliane haegeman , the syntax of sentential negation . 1993 / 94 ca . 250pp . paperbound approx . usd 50 rosenberg & sellier via andrea doria 14 , i-10123 torino ( credit card accepted ) this collection comprises papers by : l . haegeman , n . duffield , i . laka , j . ouhalla , e . pearce , l . progovac , g . puskas , m - l . rivero and r . zanuttini . it appears in two successive issues of """""""" rivista di linguistica """""""" : 5 , 2 ( 1993 ) and 6 , 1 ( 1994 ) ; the second one will be available very soon . an obvious alternative to the separate purchase of these issues is the subscription to the journal . | | | | - - - - pier marco bertinetto scuola normale superiore / / / / / / / - - - - - - - / / / / / / / - - - - - - - tel . + + 39 / ( 0 ) 50 / 509111 p . za dei cavalieri 7 / / / / / / / - - - - - - - fax : + + 39 / ( 0 ) 50 / 563513 i-56126 pisa / / / / / / / - - - - - - - / / / / / / / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - history of ling murray , stephen o . ( el instituto obregsn , san francisco ) . theory groups and the study of language in north america . a social history . john benjamins 1994 xxi , 596 pp . history of ling hb : us : 1 55619 364 5 / 90 272 4556 8 us $ 110 . 00 / hfl . 210 , - - this is a detailed social history of north american linguistic traditions and """""""" revolutionary """""""" challenges to them , covering the last century and a half . in particular , the book traces the relatively recent growth of generative syntax out of neo - bloomfieldian structuralism , under the nurturing ( contrary to popular myth ) of powerful """""""" gatekeepers """""""" like language editor bernard bloch . although focusing on groups , murray resurrects many of the forgotten writers on language in society who were not participants in schools or theory groups . moreover , he formulates a theory of the social basis for claims of """""""" scientific revolution """""""" , and provides a suggestive analysis of why some approaches succeeded while others failed in the continuing and often rhetorically violent contention in linguistics . includes a 74 - page bibliography . studies in the history of the language sciences , 69 socioling the discourse of negotiation - studies of language in the workplace edited by alan firth , denmark isbn : 0-08 - 042400 - 7 hardback viewing negotiations at a micro level of analysis , this book focuses on a wide variety of settings , from industrial meetings to comsumer helplines . * available for discussion * published october 1994 by elsevier science ltd tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1865 843685 langs langauge in the andes , p . cole , g . hermon & m . d . martin ( eds . ) , 400 pp . , latin american studies program , 113 ewing hall , u . of delaware , newark , de 19716 , pcole @ udel . edu . volume includes papers on sociolinguistics ( p . p . plaza , u . von gleich & w . wolck , a . m . escobar , n . hornberger , diana weber ) ; syntax ( w . adelaar , s . dedenbach - salazar saenz & j . de dios yapita moya , r . floyd , p . muysken , n . ostler , s . van de kerke , david weber ) ; phonology ( r . aranovich , r . cerron - palomino , p . landerman ) ; & language teaching ( r . andersen , j . l . daza & r . robison ) . price : us $ 12 , individuals ; $ 20 , libraries & other institutions ) incl . shipping ; $ 2 surcharge to addresses outside the u . s . to order , send a check in u . s . dollars drawn on a u . s . bank made out to the university of delaware to above address . this series is not automatically purchased by libraries so you may wish to recommend the book to your library .
  """",0
  827,""""Subject: comparative method
   
   these are notes after the recent discussions of karl teeter , amramer , sally thomason , after the aaa meetings sessions on distant language reconstructions , and also in response to part of mr . poser 's message of 14 december . first , most of the discussion of karl teeter i can agree with wholeheartedly except in the use of any of his criteria as absolutes . even grammatical things can be borrowed ( as sally pointed out ) . people do in practice * * * correctly * * * accept a language family such as uto - aztecan as essentially proven , even when no grammar has been written for the proto-language , or when only parts of a grammar are written . on the one hand , nobody would be disturbed much if it turned out that one of the assumed uto - aztecan languages was originally from another family , with truly massive borrowing from uto - aztecan . the overall hypothesis of a uto - aztecan family would not be shaken . on the other hand , asking the question how much of the grammar of the proto-language has to be written reveals the non-absoluteness of the criterion . only a tiny bit ? that might be subject to one of the special cases in which some morphology and other grammar were borrowed ( sally 's general type of example ) . so , again , karl is right in general , but wrong if any single criterion is taken as an absolute ( unless circularly many criteria are combined by feats of legalese into a single criterion ) . i would like to modify amramer 's statement in exactly the same spirit : ) we cannot demand a detailed morphological reconstruction ) until the languages are accepted as related . this is too strong . it is not quite the same as ramer 's ) but surely he does not mean that a comparative grammar is a ) prerequisite to a reconstruction ; it is part of a reconstruction . in practice , an extensive comparative grammar is indeed written as part of a reconstruction ( ramer 's second wording above , not his first above ) , but it is not likely to be written unless * * * both * * * of the following two conditions are fulfilled : 1 ) the languages are in fact related ( makes the grammar easier to write ) 2 ) enough scholars believe that the languages might be related and so put effort into establishing their links . it is some unwarranted discouragement of the second which needs to be dealt with in our field . ramer is right that some linguists do discourage attempts to prove what has not already been proven . no risk-taking , in other words . good researchers , attempting to write a grammar of altaic for example , will report all of their results , both for genetic relatedness , for borrowing , and for a host of other questions they will not even have thought of when they started their research . some researchers evaluate only the hypothesis they started with . very often the differences of viewpoint amount to nothing more than an elevation of what one does oneself into the """""""" true """""""" or """""""" real """""""" work of the field , instead of recognizing that it takes a number of different contributions . i will illustrate from karl teeter 's recent messages , with no malice intended , because i am absolutely sure he intends none himself . in modifying his wording to take account of amramer 's point that of course people do properly classify languages on the basis of phonological correspondences , teeter writes on 10 december : """""""" since it is clear that everybody 's first approximation to linguistic history begins with such classification . what i say is just that you cannot reconstruct languages on this basis . """""""" ( please note the words """""""" first approximation """""""" in this . that you cannot reconstruct languages on the bases of classification alone seems to me a tautology . ) later in the same message , teeter reverts to the more absolute statement : """""""" on the contrary , my contention ( not my invention ) , is that the only way to establish that languages are related is to write a grammar of the proto - langauge and show how it developed into different later grammars . """""""" ( please note the words """""""" the only way """""""" and """""""" establish """""""" . using these words does not change the fact that uto - aztecan is * * * correctly * * * accepted as a proven family without teeter 's criteria being satisfied . ) on 8 december , teeter wrote : ) """""""" systematic correspondences of sounds in the vocabularies """""""" may prove ) a connection between languages , which is certainly an interesting ) first step , but there the real work of comparative grammar starts : [ then teeter mentions four possible explanations , only one genetic ] ) until one can exclude the first three factors , one has proven ) nothing at all regarding genetic relationship . teeter discounts the enormous work of discovering likely language families in the first place , trivializes that as not the """""""" real work """""""" and establishment of systematic sound correspondences as proving """""""" nothing at all """""""" regarding genetic relationship . on the contrary , that does prove a grouping as a legitimate candidate for genetic relationship , and often the nature of the sound correspondences found will also have made one or more of the alternatives less probable . the work of comparative-historical grammarians is """""""" real work """""""" . so is the work of those who spend enormous hard-working hours sifting potential cognates to discover potential sound correspondences . do teeter and others really have no knowledge of how much work that takes ? at no stage is something ever completely proven in an absolute sense ( not even after a comparative grammar is written , because of the potential for undiscovered problems of the kind noted by sally thomas ) . all stages of the process contribute to the end result . all stages are equally """""""" the real work """""""" . proof is always incremental , not nothing , not complete and absolute . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * i turn next to mr . poser 's message , and to other information gleaned at the aaa meetings . perhaps mr . poser will be surprised that i am enthusiastically in favor of anyone correcting any errors in any claims of language relationship or language structure , including mr . poser 's mention of kimball correcting errors in muskogean , even or especially if that means that a greenberg claim about pronouns in amerind is weakened . it is actually claims about morphology where i expect greenberg is least likely to have succeeded in contributing something . i thank mr . poser for the bibliography i can check against my lists of corrections and for this note on muskogean pronouns . i also agree with mr . poser that the criticism of errors in data does not rely on the mere authority of the critic . ( that was not my point about appeals to authority , so one of mr . poser 's paragraphs was not directly relevant . my earlier point about appeals to authority remains . ) i did not indicate ( as mr . poser 's message suggests ) that critics complained of errors when they could not back them up . what i did say was that they claimed greenberg 's errors made the method worthless , without bothering to test whether correction of the errors would actually lead to a change in his conclusions , and without promptly providing the data so others could carry out such a test . ) from conversations , i would judge some are still reluctant to face this test , the one required by a part of their claims . ( even if their claims on this point prove wrong in some degree , because the conclusions of greenberg 's method mostly remain the same even after errors of those kinds are corrected , it still will not follow that greenberg 's methods produce valid results on a regular basis . please notice how careful it is important to be with notions of proof for or against anything . ) in conversation with bob rankin at the recent aaa meetings i indicated i was glad greenberg had made the attempt at morphology , with his 3rd - person alternation between / y / and / t / as a putative relic irregularity , but i was equally likely to end up believing that he had discovered a new typological fact , a preference for these unmarked segments and recurring conditions under which they might alternate in more or less the same way , which might indicate that the same phenomenon could arise by chance repeatedly . we are always dealing simultaneously with possibilities of genetic relationship or convergent evolution . as a general warning about the danger of throwing out hypotheses too early because they are """""""" obviously """""""" cases of chance lookalikes or convergent evolution , an article """""""" common pathways of illumination """""""" by stephen jay gould of harvard , in natural history magazine , december 1994 pp . 10-20 , discusses the origins of eyes in different phyla of the animal kingdom . he states that this had been a classic case in biology , used to show convergent evolution of originally unrelated organs to serve the same function . however , the dna specialists have gotten their hands on this one , and apparently it is * * * the same dna * * * which is regulating important parts of the production of eyes in these various phyla , barring of course a few changes in a few amino acid codes . this dna is therefore genetically inherited ( and we are talking as far back as the common node on the family tree of drosophila fruit flies , squids , and humans ! ) . if this line of argument holds up , we have quite a revolution in thinking on our hands . ( such thinking can of course go far overboard too . ) """""""" chance lookalikes """""""" certainly do exist massively . sound symbolism is a typological basis for their recurrence . the too-easy use of """""""" chance lookalikes """""""" to reject comparisons can however also be just like the too-easy use of """""""" substrate """""""" and many other ways of purporting to explain phenomena , but in reality merely naming them without doing the hard work of really explaining them . as another factual contribution to the discussion of greenberg 's errors , bob rankin clarified for me at the aaa meetings that he had looked at greenberg 's original notebooks , and that apparently what happened is that greenberg had a single flexible flap in his notebook bearing the language names , and sheets which he matched up against that to enter data for particular lexical items . this is a mechanism subject to errors of the two pieces of paper slipping vertically relative to each other , and in fact there were rather a large number of such errors . it was errors of rows rather than of columns ( as i loosely had assumed without ever bothering to ask if rows or columns ) . mr . poser originally asked on 9th november whether """""""" limitations [ of the comparative method ] had been and were being used to justify resistance to proposals of emote relationships . . . """""""" please take careful note of this wording , as mr . poser changed the wording in his message of 14 december , when he asserts no example has been given . i gave mr . poser an eyewitness account satisfying the wording he used . i stand by that eyewitness account . ( i do not like naming names ever in these matters , but mr . poser 's assertion could be answered only by an eyewitness account . ) none of mr . poser 's supposed rebuttal in his recent message is at all relevant to that claim , though it is relevant to another claim , an absurd one , that i did not make . ( as in his previous message , mr . poser mixes several different wordings of what are quite radically different hypotheses . any extended discussion of these variants would not be relevant to any of our central points , so i omit them . ) to be specific about that absurd claim i did * not * make , i quite agree with mr . poser that some of the same people also criticize greenberg 's hypotheses based on the factual data . i have never denied that , and in fact took pains to refer to other good work by the same people , and have always emphasized the importance of having corrections of data . mr . poser 's conclusion was : ) it thus appears , as i thought , that there are no real examples of perceived ) limitations of the comparative method being used as the basis for rejecting ) proposals of genetic affiliation . since i gave an eyewitness account of such an example of the perceived limitations being used as one basis for rejecting proposals of genetic affiliation , mr . poser can only maintain his original assertion by converting it into a different assertion as he has here , namely that there is no case of a person using those perceived limitations as """""""" the """""""" ( read """""""" the only """""""" ) basis for rejecting such proposals . i will simply repeat that in the case to which i was eyewitness , the tone of the presentation was quite clear that the absurdity of the time depth was sufficient * * * in and of itself * * * to rule out the legitimacy of attempting such distant comparison . ( a critique of errors in greenberg 's data is not directly relevant to this point , even if engaged in by the same person . ) apparently mr . poser wants his allies to be persons who not only do good work , but also do nothing wrong . but we cannot posit such a division between the """""""" holy """""""" and the """""""" unclean """""""" , like the caste distinctions of traditional india . no one has the right to take such a position vis a vis other good-faith researchers , however much they may disagree with data , results , or methods . i gather from some conversations at the aaa that some of the people involved have become more moderate since the earlier years in these matters , at least in their public statements . that is certainly all to the good . there are also small beginnings of developments of method which may turn out to be relevant to our current limitations . i am perplexed by mr . poser 's discussion of the supposed rule of using only three-consonant matches never merely two-consonant matches . although i used siouxan - yuchi , because some amerindianists are considering this , the point does not depend in the slightest on whether one believes these two particular nodes are related or not . perhaps someone can propose another alternative ( i would suggest looking for one in tibeto - burman , where perhaps only one consonant , one vowel , and tone would be available , and yet the genetic relations are in some cases secure . ) i agree with mr . poser that it is better to have three consonants than two , and precisely because it helps to avoid chance resemblances . as i stated in the previous message . that means that the only difference between us is that mr . poser will consider treating the preferred method ( 3 consonants ) as the only permitted one : ) if ( probably contrary to fact ) , matches of three consonants are ) necessary to exclude chance , . . . i do not see why we should be ) unwilling , in that case , to conclude either that they are not ) related or that , if they are , the relationship is not demonstrable . the problem here is the notion that such a particular rule * could even conceivably * be """""""" necessary to exclude chance """""""" . no rule is necessary to exclude chance . a large number of procedures and methods can * * * help * * * to exclude chance . except in the most difficult cases of all , probably most single rules can be violated , and there will still be enough other ways of excluding chance that a good result can be achieved . it is this fossilization in the response to expansions of the methods available as part of """""""" the comparative method """""""" which is damaging to increasing the rigor as well as the power of our field . it is encouraging to see sessions on distant language relationships . i firmly believe some of these sessions would not be occurring nor would there be so much work on studying methods , if greenberg had not published that book . some of the growth of interdisciplinary cooperation and communication was also in the process of happening anyway , and greenberg just accidentally published at this time . ( i am not trying to credit him with causing all of this interest . ) i particularly liked john colarusso 's contribution to the eurasian session , because he outlined his views on why distant language comparisons are very difficult because of the progressive loss of data , yet he is not in the business of criticizing people who attempt these . he is in the business of himself contributing to a deepening of both linguistic and mythological comparisons as much as he can in areas which are still to a great extent uncharted . johanna nichols also provoked much thought with her methods , and ways of integrating more information on peripheries vs . centers of innovation and residue of repeated waves of innovation visible even at the peripheries , as a pattern to look for in projecting a homeland backwards in time . i am somewhat skeptical about very distant language comparisons which involve only identities of sound correspondence , precisely because it is so easy for this approach to select a very old but still relatively more recent layer of borrowings ( more recent than the node on the family tree we may be struggling to find a way to reach ) . as greenberg pointed out , an increase in the number of conditioning contexts over time , once it approaches the number of lexical items available for comparison , leads to the result that there are virtually no recurrences of exactly the same sound correspondences . please see a separate message on how we can sharpen our tools to deal with this , titled """""""" typology of historical change """""""" . this means that i start out somewhat skeptical about alan bomhard 's nostratic and similar comparisons , precisely because he uses only or preferentially sound correspondences of identity . but that may be my personal bias , and i may end up granting that such a strictness of sound correspondences can actually work over great time depths . i cannot presume to know . there was one session i did not attend but report here from the abstract , in which researchers reported results of mitochondrial dna studies of the various native american populations . as expected , eskimo and athabaskan were separable ( one variety each ? ) . the remainder of native american populations shared four varieties of mitochondrial dna , either without subgrouping , or perhaps in two major subgroups . bob rankin did attend and says that the authors in their presentation had come down on the side of two major subgroups . population genetics need not match language directly , but the data is still at least interesting and obliquely relevant . . . lloyd anderson
  """",0
  828,""""Subject: open letter to * language *
   
   on my own behalf and that of william c . baxter , victoria a . fromkin , jane h . hill , larry hutchinson , richard hudson , michael b . kac , d . terence langendoen , winfred p . lehmann , edgar c . polome , karl v . teeter , and thomas wasow i wish to post the following open letter to * language * , the official journal of the lsa . if anybody else would like to sign , please contact me . alexis manaster ramer - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - on open letter to * language * we , the undersigned members of the linguistic society of america , work in a wide variety of subfields and theoretical orientations in linguistics . nevertheless , we have come together to urge that * language * take notice of a work of scholarship which has to date received very little discussion or review . the work in question is the late v . m . illich - svitych 's * opyt sravnenija nostraticheskikh jazykov * . it seems to us that considerable interest attaches to theories of """""""" distant """""""" linguistic relationships ( as evidenced , for example , by the ongoing controversy , so well reflected in * language * , about the amerind hypothesis ) and about the methodological and theoretical issues that arise in connection with the question of whether such relationships can ever be demonstrated . whether illich - svitych 's work ultimately turns out to be right , partly right , utterly wrong , or simply incapable of verification or refutation , we believe it should be reviewed since many of us do not read russian and have not been able to read the work in question . we are aware that a number of linguists in the field have negative views of this work which makes it even more important that * language * publish a review , a review article , a debate between a supporter and an opponent of the hypothesis , or some other suitable opportunity for the membership of the lsa to have the existence of this work acknowledged - - and the issues which it raises vented - - in an open , public , and scholarly fashion .
  """",0
  829,""""Subject: on vacation
   
   dear subscribers : it 's the holiday season here in the usa , so we want to extend good wishes for the festive season and also to let you know that linguist will be """""""" on vacation """""""" from december 20 ( midnight ) to january 5 , 1995 . we ' re taking a break this year because we have been plagued with technical problems all semester : first our mailer started wildly duplicating and triplicating messages ; then we began having problems ( still unsolved ) telnetting from emu to texas a&m ; and now we are being moved to a new machine at texas a&m . ( come to think of it - - why did we say this was going to be a """""""" holiday """""""" ? ? ) we will be spending the break doing what we can to ensure that 1995 is less technically """""""" interesting """""""" . we want to thank all of you who have been patient with late postings , duplicate postings , and lost messages from september to december . and we wish to extend hearty thanks to our assistant editors , ron reck , ljuba veselinova , liz bodenmiller , and ann dizdar , who have manned the front lines in our battle with technology : it is because of their excellent work that linguist was able to continue all semester despite the revolt of the machines . some of you may be interested to know that linguist now has 5700 subscribers , who have posted this year 's 1500 messages from approximately 60 different countries . may all 5700 of you have a prosperous and happy new year ! helen & anthony
  """",0
  830,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1470 open letter to _ language _
   
   many readers of linguist ( and of language ) are , as the open letter indicates , interested in methodological issues that come up in efforts to establish very distant linguistic relationships like nostratic . although it 's true that language has published no review of illich - svitych 's books - - the scholar who agreed to review them has not yet submitted the promised review - - research in the same tradition has been reviewed in the journal : see bernard comrie 's review of starostin 's book on altaic and japanese in language 69 : 828-832 ( 1993 ) . the methodological issues involved in the altaic & japanese case are the same as the issues involved in the nostratic case , so i ' m puzzled by the open-letter signers ' apparent belief that the russian approach to these issues has received no attention in language . sarah thomason editor , language
  """",0
  831,""""Subject: ijcai95 workshop on context in nlp
   
   call for papers ijcai-95 workshop on context in natural language processing august 19 , 20 , or 21 , 1995 montreal , canada correct interpretation of natural language utterances and texts requires linguistic and non-linguistic context . the goal of this workshop is to investigate the nature of context in natural language , its role in natural language processing , and shed some light on this largely unexplored area of great theoretical and practical importance . dialogue and text processing are two application domains where the lack of good theories of context impedes significant progress in applying and developing new technologies . as speech technology matures , it becomes technically feasible to build dialogue systems . however , understanding dialogues , and especially multimodal dialogues , is not possible without some account of the role of context . similarly , with today 's text processing technology it is feasible to automatically create knowledge bases from fairly unconstrained texts such as newspaper archives . ignoring context in such texts , however , results in knowledge bases that are not only very incomplete , but also dramatically different from knowledge bases created by humans , based on the same texts . we invite papers from researchers active in the fields of natural language processing , knowledge representation , and other related areas addressing theoretical aspects of context and their implications for designing practical nlp systems . we are interested in reports on implemented nlp systems utilizing contextual information . we are also interested in knowledge representation systems , inference methods , and algorithms that would allow one to computationally handle specific aspects of context . agenda : our workshop will provide answers and insights into how to go about answering a number of questions , including the following : i : role of context in natural language what is context ? what is """""""" context of the previous utterance / sentence """""""" """""""" context of the dialog-so - far / text-so - far """""""" and what is the relationship between them ? how many different contexts are there ? what makes two contexts different ? what is the relationship between formalization of context and natural language ideas of context ? what is the status of context in a formal representation aiming at truthfully capturing all the characteristics of natural language ? is context an inherent characteristic of natural language that ultimately decides the formal power of natural language ? is natural language minus context a less powerful formal language ? does representing context and truthfully capturing characteristics of natural language require new knowledge representation or automated reasoning systems ? what is the relationship between context , and the semantics and pragmatics of natural language ? is context different from possible worlds and situations ? what is the relationship between domain ontologies and contexts ? ii : context-dependent interpretation of natural language in which way does context affect interpretation of natural language utterances and texts ? which aspects of context or which contexts result in refined , more general , and different interpretations of natural language ? which aspects of context are explicit and which are implicit in natural language utterances and texts ? which phenomena and inferences observed in natural language are context-independent and which ones always depend on context ? iii : computability does handling context increase or decrease computational complexity of natural language processing ? how to automatically identify context-provided constraints resulting in conveying and understanding additional or different aspects of information ? how to represent those extra constraints provided by context and how to automatically compute context-dependent interpretation of natural language ? should the final interpretation of natural language be decontextualized when stored in a knowledge base ? how can information obtained in one context be utilized in another , possibly unanticipated context ? workshop format : we will hold four sessions : i : role of context in natural language ii : context - dependent interpretation of natural language iii : computability iv : general discussion sessions i , ii , and iii will be mildly structured : first , the committee will present a brief overview of possible answers to the specific questions included in the agenda , and discuss their own answers . this presentation will be mixed with questions from the participants . second , the participants whose papers were accepted will briefly comment on their own answers to these questions . these presentations will also be mixed with questions from the participants . session iv , a general discussion , will give each participant a chance to make a statement about any context-related issue , make a comment , raise a question , argue for or against some answers etc . pre-worshop activities : a pre-workshop mailing list will be established ; please , indicate whether you want to be included ; in order to facilitate interaction and focus the discussion , two months before the workshop , we will provide all the participants with specific examples and data illustrating various aspects of context . authors + titles + abstracts of the accepted papers , but not the papers themselves , will be available on-line to everybody . the papers will only be available to the workshop participants . we hope that this will encourage people to make strong claims even if the support for them is not quite there , report on partial , ongoing , promising research , be frank in evaluating existing approaches and their own accomplishments , openly comment on limitations , in short , say all those ( very ) informative things that are sometimes difficult , if not impossible , to communicate in """""""" official """""""" publications . shared data , references , papers and the mailing list are to allow the participants to : - sort out as many as possible things before the workshop - help focusing the workshop discussion on the hardest and most controversial issues - raise objections and bring up controversial claims early on in order to prepare well thought of answers and constructive critique participants : a limited number , 30 or so , active participants will be selected on the basis of submitted papers . a small number , 5 or so , of no-paper - attendance-only participants will also be considered ; such persons should submit a one page research summary and a list of relevant publications . attendees are required to register for the main ijcai-95 conference . schedule / deadlines : very soon mosaic home page for the workshop set 3 . 15 . 95 papers received 4 . 03 . 95 selected papers accepted participants chosen 4 . 05 . 95 acceptance notifications sent to authors sent to ijcai selected papers to be included in the working notes list of confirmed participants request for equipment / room 4 . 15 . 95 mosaic home page for the workshop updated e-mail discussion begins 5 . 01 . 95 distributed to the participants final list of specific issues to be discussed at the workshop references to the existing work on context examples and data illustrating various aspects of context 7 . 15 . 95 final list of participants sent to ijcai 8 . 19 . 95 workshop takes place 12 . 01 . 95 written review of the workshop ready paper format : same as ijcai-95 : 12 pt article latex style 15 pages maximum , including title , abstract , figures , and references the first page must include : title author 's name ( s ) affiliation complete mailing address e-mail address phone / fax number ( s ) abstract of 200 or so words keywords submissions : electronic submissions are strongly preferred : direct : anonymous ftp to ftp . cs . wayne . edu ~ pub / context directory place the postscript or ascii version of your paper , your author + title + abstract ascii file , your references ( bibtex format preferred ) file , and a file with sample data and / or specific examples please , name your files with the name of the first author . for example , john block might place there the following : block . ps a . ps version of his paper block . text an ascii version of his paper if . ps not possible block-a . text an ascii file with authors names , title , and abstract block-r . bbl a bibliography file with references block-e . text an ascii file with sample data and / or specific examples email : lucja @ cs . wayne . edu as the last resort , four hard copies of the paper can be snail mailed to lucja iwanska department of computer science wayne state university detroit , mi 48202 , usa ( 313 ) 577-1667 ( phone ) ( 313 ) 577-2478 ( secretary ) ( 313 ) 577-6868 ( fax ) info about the workshop and the abstracts of the accepted papers is available via a mosaic home page at http : / / www . cs . wayne . edu / context primary contact : should you have any questions or need additional information , please contact lucja iwanska department of computer science wayne state university detroit , mi 48202 lucja @ cs . wayne . edu ( 313 ) 577-1667 ( phone ) ( 313 ) 577-2478 ( secretary ) ( 313 ) 577-6868 ( fax ) program committee : harry c . bunt , kub - university ( netherlands ) keith devlin , saint mary 's college ( usa ) r . v . guha , microelectronics and computer technology corporation ( usa ) lucja iwanska , wayne state university ( usa ) karen jensen , microsoft corporation ( usa ) john mccarthy , stanford university ( usa ) john f . sowa , suny at binghampton ( usa ) wlodek zadrozny , ibm tj watson research center ( usa )
  """",0
  832,""""Subject: 2nd cfp : kruse symposium : knowledge retrieval , use and storage for
   
   please find below the 2nd cfp for kruse . a postscript version can be ftp ' ed ftp . cs . rmit . edu . au / pub / rmit / peirce / kruse . ps . z also the kruse home page on the world wide web is http : / / www . cs . rmit . edu . au / kruse / regards , gerard - - gerard ellis ged @ cs . rmit . edu . au ph : 61 - 3-660 - 5090 fax : 61 - 3-662 - 1617 rm : 10 . 9 . 11 www : http : / / www . cs . rmit . edu . au / ~ ged computer science dept , royal melbourne institute of technology , gpo box 2476v , melbourne , victoria , 3001 , australia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( cut here ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2nd call for papers international kruse symposium _ _ _ knowledge retrieval , use , and storage for efficiency _ _ _ university of california , santa cruz august 11-13 1995 important dates submission postmark deadline february 13 , 1995 notification of acceptance april 12 , 1995 camera-ready copy june 12 , 1995 theme the symposium will provide a forum for exploring current research in artificial intelligence , cognitive science , and databases that pertains to the organization , encoding and retrieval of logical and complex objects . the symposium will draw together researchers from diverse disciplines as well as practitioners engaged in developing real object-oriented term classification systems . mathematical and graph - theoretic approaches will be favoured over those approaches based on analogy with human cognitive processes , though mathematical discussions of such processes will be appropriate . the basic questions to be addressed include o classification of objects in a taxonomy : systemic classification , semantic indexing , partial-order sorting , description identification , and taxonomy maintenance . o efficient order , lattice , graph , and code theoretic operations on objects : subsumption , generalization , specialization , least common generalization , and greatest common specialization . o advanced uses of taxonomies : knowledge compression , knowledge compilation , and knowledge evolution . o using classified knowledge : classification as problem solving , classification as constraint satisfaction , and exploiting abstraction . o scalable techniques for large object databases o integration of data and knowledge base technologies the symposium will maintain a balance between theoretical issues and descriptions of implemented systems providing a balance between theory and practice . the focus of the symposium is on efficiency of retrieval , use and storage . authors ' information papers may not exceed 15 pages . shorter , substantive papers are welcome . authors are requested to submit five ( 5 ) copies of their paper . alternatively , electronic submissions ( by ftp or email ) of papers ( postscript output ) are encouraged . submission by ftp : please place in ftp . cs . rmit . edu . au incoming directory . authors are further requested to attach title pages to their submissions bearing their names , addresses , telephone numbers , fax numbers and e-mail addresses . in addition , authors are asked to include abstracts of approximately twenty ( 20 ) lines with each paper , and a list of short phrases descriptive of the content . papers must be postmarked on or before monday february 13 , 1995 . address : kruse c / o gerard ellis computer science dept . rmit gpo box 2476v , melbourne , vic 3001 australia email : ged @ cs . rmit . edu . au ph : 61 - 3-660 - 5090 fax : 61 - 3-662 - 1617 organizing committee : veronica dahl ( co - chair ) gerard ellis , rmit ( program chair ) director , logic and functionall computer science dept . programming group royal melbourne univ of technology professor , computing sciences dept . gpo box 2476 , melbourne , vic 3001 simon fraser university australia burnaby , b . c . v5a 1s6 canada veronica @ cs . sfu . ca ged @ cs . rmit . edu . au phone ( 604 ) 291-3372 phone : 61 - 3-660 - 5090 fax ( 604 ) 291-3045 fax : 61 - 3-662 - 1617 andrew fall ( co - chair ) robert levinson ( local arrangements chair ) school of computing science dept . of computer & information sciences simon fraser university 229 applied sciences building burnaby , b . c . v5a 1s6 canada university of california fall @ cs . sfu . ca santa cruz , ca 95064 u . s . a . phone : ( 604 ) 291-4302 levinson @ cis . ucsc . edu fax : ( 604 ) 291-3045 phone : ( 408 ) 429-2087 fax : 459-4829 program committee : mohan ahuja ( usa ) robert levinson ( usa ) hassan ait - kaci ( canada ) patrick lincoln ( usa ) franz baader ( germany ) robert macgregor ( usa ) yves caseau ( france ) deborah mcguinness ( usa ) darrell conklin ( canada ) guy mineau ( canada ) veronica dahl ( canada ) werner nutt ( germany ) francesco donini ( italy ) peter patel - schneider ( usa ) gerard ellis ( australia ) raghu ramakrishnan ( usa ) andrew fall ( canada ) manfred schmidt - schauss ( germany ) brian gaines ( canada ) james schmolze ( usa ) jim hendler ( usa ) gert smolka ( germany ) fritz lehmann ( usa ) leon sterling ( usa ) maurizio lenzerini ( italy ) symposium location the symposium will be held at the university of california , santa cruz in a redwood forest in the santa cruz mountains . the university and conference facilities are retreat style with housing available in family-style apartments residing on the campus . the university is well serviced by buses to downtown santa cruz . the campus , just 10 minutes from the oceanside , overlooks monterey bay , the popular surfing beaches , and you can watch the eagles soar from the birds of prey sanctuary which forms part of the campus . santa cruz is approximately a 90 minute bus ride from san francisco airport and about 45 minutes from san jose . this cfp and the latest information regarding kruse can be found in the world wide web under http : / / www . cs . rmit . edu . au / kruse /
  """",0
  833,""""Subject: ausschreibung professur universitaet heidelberg
   
   am sprachwissenschaftlichen institut der universitaet heidelberg ist ab sofort der lehrstuhl fuer allgemeine sprachwissenschaft ( nachfolge prof . dr . klaus heger ) zu besetzen . der bewerber / die bewerberin sollte sich mit den theoretischen und methodologische grundlagen der linguistik nicht nur im rahmen einer einzelsprache , sondern auch im rahmen typologisch unterschiedlicher sprachen beschaeftigt haben . er / sie sollte mit formalen methoden der sprachbeschreibung vertraut sein . seine / ihre forschung soll empirische untersuchungen von teilbereichen des sprachsystems einschliessen , z . b . der semantik . erwartet wird vom zukuenftigen stelleninhaber / der stelleninhaberin die organisation des studienganges allgemeine sprachwissenschaft sowie lehre und pruefungstaetigkeit auf dem gebiet """""""" empirische und theoretische linguistik """""""" innerhalb des studienganges computerlinguistik . habilitation oder gleichwertige qualifikation sind voraussetzung . bewerbungen mit den ueblichen unterlagen sind innerhalb von vier wochen zu richten an den dekan der neuphilologischen fakultaet der universitaet heidelberg , hauptstrasse 120 , 69117 heidelberg .
  """",0
  834,""""Subject: rate of loss for """""""" basic """""""" vocabulary
   
   some months ago there was an extended discussion of the proposal made in the fifties by swadesh that there are certain lists of meanings which have the property that the words expressing them are lost at a fairly constant rate per millennium in all languages , in particular , a certain 100 - meaning list where the rate is around 86 % . while noting that bergsland and vogt have adduced examples where the rate seems to be lower , i pointed out that i had not found any examples where it was clearly higher . jacques guy referred to the eastern greenlandic data discussed by bergsland and vogt in current anthropology in 1962 , but , having just carefully read this paper , i see that they state that , while they surmise that the rate here was higher , they cannot calculate what is was ( presuumably because there are no sources for greenlandic that are old enough ) . moreover , the purely conjectural rate of 72 % which they mention is still low enough for the purposes of the original discussion we were having about this , namely , to assure that in a family with enough ramification there would be a substantial portion of the original vocabulary reflected in at least two descendants after far more than 10 , 000 years ( provided each language was independely losing 28 % of the original vocabulary per millennium ) . i do n't have the numbers handy , but jacques , who is better at this anyway , can probably whip some up . but i should also add that bergsland nd vogt 's data are also consistent with many other assumptions , notably , that the rate of retention in e . greenlandic was 86 % , but that it was substanitally lower in some other eskimo languages ( because all they have is the result that e . greenlandic is as different lexically from w . greenlandic as the two together are from yupik , which makes no sense given the family tree if the rates are the same eveywhere ) . but this could be due to slower vocabulary loss in yupik ( or even in the common ancestror of e . and w . greenlandic , or both ) just as well as to faster loss in e . greenlandic . so there is no justification that i can find for bergsland and vogt 's or guy 's assumption that the """""""" prolem """""""" lies in a faster rate of loss in e . greenlandic .
  """",0
  835,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1462 comparative method
   
   a couple of remarks on recent exchange on comparative method : 1 ) as far as importance of morphology is concerned i believe that alexis is right ( sorry , karl ! ) . it is important , but i think that it would be impossible to insist that only morphological prallels like latin est , sunt and german ist , sind cited by karl teeter can prove relationship . old church slavic has the parallel forms iest # and so ~ t # , perfectly agreeing with karl teeter 's latin and german . however , in modern russian the present of copula dissapeared ( we can still recognize forms like iest ' and sut ' , but they sound bitterly archaic ) : on student ( he [ is ] student ) , oni studenty ( they [ are ] stu - dents ) . let us imagine the situation when the only surviving slavic language is russian and we just do not have old church slavonic materials . does the lack of the paradigm make russian less """""""" indoeuropean """""""" than latin or german , or does it make impossible the proof of its ie nature ? i think that the answer is in the negative . second , alexis is certainly right when he says that a refusal to admit lexical evidence will make impossible to prove that mandarin is related to cantonese or that vietnamese is related to khasi . even worse , we won't be able to state that beijing mandarin is related to xi ' an mandarin , or that hanoi vietnamese is related to saigon vietnamese , as nothing resembling est , sunt / ist , sind can be found in these closely related dialects . moreover , we would have to dismantle the families of north and north east asia as well , since their agglutinative morphology also does not exhibit anything of the kind ie does . therefore , continuing this claim logically to its end , we will have to state that there are around 50 unrelated languages in japan alone , because we have no possibility to prove the genetic relationship of various japanese dialects and subdialects , since they do not have a grammar like ie . there are cases when proof of genetic relationship is based mostly on grammar , but there are cases when it rests solely on lexical items , as well as there are lucky cases like ie when one can demonstrate the relatedness on the basis of both grammar and lexicon . absolutization of any of this cases may lead us to dismissal of pretty well established language families . the cases like """""""" proto _ english - french """""""" can actually be easily controlled by using basic voca - bulary in lexical comparisons : no matter how many romance words were borrowed b yenglish , its basic vocabulary is still germanic , which can be easily demon - strated , contrary to those who try to label the very idea of basic vocabulary as """""""" semantic primitive """""""" . 2 ) geoffrey pullum writes : ) i wonder if it would not be a good idea to hear something - - from the defenders of wide-ranging and large-time - depth comparison , prefererably - - concerning what would count as evidence against a genetic relationship ? the same things as in case of lower-level comparisons : either lack of regular phonetic correspondences , or lack of enough number of cognates , representing basic vocabulary items and / or basic morphological markers , established on the basis of these regular correspondences . this is why i , not being amerindianist myself , cannot believe in amerind : greenberg did not present any correspondences at all , and his whole method of """""""" mass comparisons """""""" is in direct violation of traditional and conservative comparative methodology . therefore , i would side with greenberg opponents on this matter . but i believe that it is absolutely unfair to put illich - svitych in one company with greenberg and ruhlen , as geoffrey pullum does in his posting . illich - svitych work starts with charts of phonetic correspondences , which do work regularly throughout his 3 - volume work , and is , therefore , in sharp contrast with greenberg 's """""""" mass comparisons """""""" . the whole work , at least in the areas i can judge of ( altaic and uralic ) is done with painstaiking care and accuracy , reflecting the state of the art , contemporary to the time when his work was done ( sixties ) . may be the opponents of long-range compa - rison should at last familiarize themselves with works of illich - svitych , dolgopol 's kii and others , which as i believe represent a successful long-range comparative work ( though it does not necessarily mean that i agree with all illich - svitych 's proposals : many things remain to be done ) , rather then to repeat the groundless allegations in illich - svitych address , and come forward with some concrete arguments against his work , rather than general statements that illich - svitych 's work is like greenberg 's or that there is a ceiling to the comparative method . sincerely , sasha vovin avvovin @ miamiu . acs . muohio . edu
  """",0
  836,""""Subject: comparative method and geoff pullum
   
   i have a problem : geoff 's posting sounds like it assumes ( a ) that there are only two sides to the issues under discussion and ( b ) that one of them is """""""" orthodox """""""" and the other one ( the i am on , apparently ) little short of crazy , the suggestion being that those who defend the idea that there are linguistic relationships to be discovered beyond the ones which were known in 1840 or some such cut-off date ( the so-called """""""" remote """""""" or """""""" distant """""""" connections ) might go so far as to accept that all of greenberg 's muskogean data are wrong and yet to maintain that muskogean is amerind ( without citing any new data ! ) . i think the reality is quite different . for example , victor golla , karl teeter , and i ( although we have been debating some methodological issues relevant to nostratic ) are actually very close on most issues ( except the ones under discussion , apparently ) and in particular on most issues concerning the proposed amerind grouping . there are lots of historical linguists with different ( and crossclassifying ! ! ) views on these matters ( for example , eric hamp has been widely quoted on his views against nostratic , yet he has been a staunch defender of altaic and of a connection between luoravetlan and eskimo - aleutian ; many of those who like nostratic do not like amerind ; and so on . i think each case deserves to be examined on its merits , the whole idea of contrasting """""""" orthodox """""""" ( or """""""" mainstream """""""" ) with """""""" remote """""""" or """""""" distant """""""" comparisons is without foundation and can lead to further needless polarization , and finally i feel that methodological issues and substantive ones should be discussed separately ( and that the latter are the more important , even if the former are often the more seductive ) . and to close on a positive note ( consonant with the spirit of the season ) , if karl teeter and i can reach the point where our major remaining disagreements are ( a ) whether in principle one could or could not write a comparative grammar of anglo - french , and ( b ) whether in fact the work done to date on nostratic is sufficient to taking it as a working hypothesis that at least indo - european , uralic , altaic , kartvelian , and afro - asiatic are related and going further , then i think we have achieved considerable progress ( and i am not even sure we even disagree about these points any more , for as the discussion goes on , more and more mutual misunderstandings seem to disappear ) . there will , of course , remain a lot of hard work to be done , on these and even more on other language families , but i do not see why the inevitable disagreements should be considered any more of a problem than the disagreements within the indo - europeanist community about the different versions of the laryngeal theory or about the glottalic theory , etc .
  """",0
  837,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1462 comparative method
   
   geoff pullum has raised the question of the null hypothesis with respect to proto - world and long-distance relatedness . i would suggest that the lack of progress in the dispute may be due in part to the conflict between two ways of setting the null hypothesis . a priori , in terms of evoutionary considerations , long range relationships going back to a single ancestor are to be expected : this point has been made by numerous linguists in discussion , if not so often in print . however , methodological considerations force us to set the null hypothesis the other way , since we clearly cannot disprove long-distance relatedness . the problem is analogous to medical disputes : there are plenty of researchers who would like to show once and for all that homeopathy , acupuncture etc . are of no benefit in the treatment of the illnesses for which such effects are claimed . but all that can be said is that we have no scientifically respectable evidence that homeopathy works ( please note that this is a purely methodological point - i do n't want to see linguist cluttered with replies disputing the homeopathic facts ! ) the greenbergian dispute is even less likely to be resolved by disproving long-distance relatedness hypotheses than the homeopathic one , since in the latter case one can at least do controlled trials : while there have been proposals on controlling for chance similarities , there will always be too many variables involved for the greenbergian null hypothesis to be refuted . steve matthews
  """",0
  838,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1462 comparative method
   
   two quick off-the - cuff responses to messages herein : to geoff pullum , asking what would count as evidence against amerind ( and , presumably , nostratic ) . i can't imagine ; that is just the advantage those folks have . suppose somebody claims , """""""" there is a god """""""" . similarly i know no way to disprove the tower of babel story . genetic relationship is a positive fact ; and you gotta accentuate the positive ; languages are or they are not genetically related ; do n't mess with mister in-between . note to alexis , who keeps talking about """""""" morphological evidence """""""" where i use the term """""""" grammar """""""" . alexis 's usage comes from his quoting meillet - - for meillet the word """""""" morphologie """""""" means essentially what we now call grammar , which includes syntax and phonology , and we know more about it than he did ( thanks to chomsky ) . among other things , we know that if proto - nostratic is a language , it has a grammar . merry xmas , karl
  """",0
  839,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1462 comparative method
   
   geoffrey pullum writes : ) i wonder if it would not be a good idea to hear something - - ) from the defenders of wide-ranging and large-time - depth comparison , ) preferably - - concerning what would count as evidence against a genetic ) relationship ? well , what is known about how various hypotheses of relationship were rejected in the past ? at one time , it was believed that tai was part of sino - tibetan ; nobody believes this now . on what basis did those learned in the art shift their paradigms ( to mix a few metaphors ) ? i know very little about either language family , but the resemblances between them ( tones , monosyllabicity , the great tone split ) are seductive . i think it would be instructive to hear , from someone who knows the history , just how these faux amis came to be disregarded . john cowan sharing account ( lojbab @ access . digex . net ) for now e ' osai ko sarji la lojban .
  """",0
  840,""""Subject: comparative syntax
   
   on mon , 12 dec 94 21 : 04 : 31 est ( amr @ ares . cs . wayne . edu ) wrote : ) subject : comparative syntax ) while i really like most of what scott delancey had to say about ) syntactic reconstruction usually being based on clues buried in ) the morphology ( or morphophonology ) , i do n't think this is always ) the case . there is a rather famous example involving a rule of ) ancient greek and one variety of old iranian ( the languages of ) the gatha 's , i seem to recall ) , whereby a neuter pl . subject ) triggers sg . agreement on a verb , a pattern which is often ) reconstructed for the proto-language because , as i understand it , ) of its apparent oddity . this reconstruction is not logically ) dependent , i do n't believe , on the identity of the actual morphemes ) marking gender , number , and person in these languages . ) ) i would think that there are many such quirks of syntax which ) could be the basis of a reconstruction . the phenomenon mentioned for ancient greek - - that can apply as well to latin - - does n't appear to be a ( < quirk of syntax ) > . rather than being _ apparently odd _ and motivated by a _ rule _ of invariable agreement , it should be regarded as a ( < quirk of meaning ) > . while neuter pl . subjects , still showing in ancient greek and latin evidence of an ancient collective case , have * usually * triggered sg . agreement on a verb , numerous examples show that this pseudo rule was n't always observed , and that semantic considerations , most of the time - - moreover , metrical reasons for poets - - , have governed the agreement ( syllepsis ) . thus i do not believe ( < quirks of syntax [ at least this one in particular ] could be the basis of a reconstruction ) > . la plupart sont d ' accord , n ' est-ce pas ? ( not literally : what about french ? ) regards , philippe l . valiquette universite laval , dep . linguistique ( phlcvali @ vm1 . ulaval . ca ) ( philippe . valiquette @ lli . ulaval . ca )
  """",0
  841,""""Subject: sum : clitic doubling in spanish
   
   to the linguist readers , some weeks ago , i posted a query about clitic doubling in spanish . i received a very useful response , so i would like to thank : jairo morais nunes alan huffman josemina magdalen philip elliot jelly julia de jong jerzy kowal joel nevis cynthia vakareliyska jose miguel gon ~ i menayo almeida jacqueline toribio david gohre dan everett my best regards , rocio , rocio jimenez , rjimenez @ mailbox . syr . edu . - - - - - - - - - andrews , """""""" unification and morphological blocking """""""" , nllt : 8 , 4 , 1990 , pp . 507-557 . borer , hagit . parametric syntax . case studies in semitic & romance languages . dordrecht - holland : foris publications , 1984 . bresnan , joan and sam ~ a . mchombo . 1987 . topic , pronoun , and agreement in chiche . language , 63 ( 4 ) : 741-782 . bresnan , joan and lioba moshi . 1990 . object asymmetries in comparative bantu syntax . linguistic inquiry , 21 ( 2 ) : 147-186 . franco , jon andoni . on object agreement in spanish . dissertation , university of southern california , 1993 . garcia , erica . the role of theory in linguistics analysis : the spanish pronoun system . amsterdam : north - holland publishing company , 1975 . grimshaw , jane . 1982 . subcategorization and grammatical relations . in a . zaenen , ed . bloomington , ind . : indiana university linguistics club . issues and theory in romance linguistics . selected papers from the linguistic symposium on romance languages xxiii . 1993 . georgetown university press . washington , dc . jaeggli , osvaldo . topics in romance syntax . dordrecht - holland : foris publications , 1982 . montalbetti , mario . 1981 . consistency and clitics . ms . , massachusetts institue of technology . roberge , yves . the syntactic recoverability of null arguments . mcgill - queen 's university press , 1990 . sunner , nllt 6 ( 1988 ) . vakareliyska , cynthia . """""""" na - drop in bulgarian """""""" , journal of slavic linguistics 2 ( 1 ) : 121-150 ( 1994 ) .
  """",0
  842,""""Subject: final call for scil vii
   
   f i n a l c a l l f o r p a p e r s seventh annual student conference in linguistics scil 1995 call for papers university of connecticut , storrs , ct april 8 - 9 , 1995 students are invited to submit abstracts for 30 minute talks ( 20 minute presentation plus 10 minutes for questions ) in all areas of theoretical linguistics , including language acquisition and psycholinguistic studies . students may submit one individual and one joint abstract . please send the following by january 3 , 1995 ( abstracts received after this date will not be considered ) : - six copies of an anonymous abstract , no more than two pages in length , with 1 """""""" margins and 12 point font ; the second page should not be limited to data and references . and - a 3 """""""" x 5 """""""" card with the title of the paper , name and affiliation of author ( s ) , mailing address ( es ) , phone number ( s ) and e-mail address ( es ) . email submissions will be allowed to : linqadm5 @ uconnvm . bitnet or linqadm5 @ uconnvm . uconn . edu . please send all other submissions to : scil7 , university of connecticut , department of linguistics , 341 mansfield rd , u-145 , storrs , ct 06269-1145 . if you have any questions , please do n't hesitate to contact us at the above email or post addresses , or call ( 203 ) 486-4229 .
  """",0
  843,""""Subject: comparative method
   
   just as morris halle once pointed out that any phonological system could be analyzed as having two phonemes , so too it seems clear that any two languages , related or not , could have a reconstruction done for them , involving both a set of correspondences among the words or morphemes and a comparative grammar . and just as in fact a phonology with only two phonemes would be just a formal excersise and not a real phonology , so too the """""""" reconstruction """""""" i am referring to would have no validity unless the languages really are related ( or in the case of mixed languages , unless the relevant parts were related ) . but the formal possibility is important to the following extent : it shows that we cannot assume that the ability to write a comparative grammar is either necessary or sufficient for showing that the languages in question are related . it is the ability to write a convincing comparative gramm ` r that is significant here , but by the same token language relatedness can be sjown by establishing a convincing set of correspodences between suitable sets of words or morphemes of the languages being compared . i will even conceded that it is harder , in general , to be convincing in the case of a comparative grammar than it is in the case of a set of correspondences ( since the former would seem to include the latter plus a lot more ) . but what no one has yet shown here or anywhere else is that the only way to establish language relatedness is by writing a complete comparative grammar , and even meillet conceded by 1925 that you cannot even demand a fragment of a grammar because there are perfectly well-established families where this either has not been or indeed cannot be done . it is another matter 9and ultimately a more interesting one ) that significant amount of grammatical comparison ( though not a whole grammar ) has been offered for nostratic ( a theory i find likely though perhaps not yet established ) as well as for amerind ( a theory which i find basically as unsupported as do karl and victor , for example ) . and it is perhaps not uninteresting that illich - svitych proposed to write a nostratic comparative grammar but never did , much as sapirpromised to write one for uto - aztecan but failed to ( though we should in all fairness note that sapir lived for another two decades , whereas illich - svitych died without even finishing the lexical and morphemic comparisons which are the bulk of the evidence that we have in the public domain for nostratic ) . this is no criticism of sapir , of course , if we agree that there was no need to write a comparatve grammar of uto - aztecan in order for everybody to be able to see that the uto - aztecan languages are related . just as there is no need for this in the case of nostratic 9and indeed given the age of proto - nostratic , if there was such a language , it seems unlkikely that we will ever have more than a very partial grammar
  """",0
  844,""""Subject: """""""" syntax and the comparative method
   
   concerning syntax and the comparative method : if i understand it correctly , amr @ ares . cs . wayne . edu ( no name ) apparently believes that under certain circumstances one can indeed use syntax as part of the comparative method and cites among other things , the case of a neuter plural in classical greek and old iranian used with a verb in the singular and its possible implications for a similar structure in the proto - language . while i do in theory believe that a particular construction can indeed survive the ravages of time and give us clues to the syntax of earlier levels , this must always be the last criterium we apply and can almost never be used as a sort of proof - unless of course , ( i believe scott de lancey mentioned it , but i ' m not sure ) we can show that , for example , all ergative case endings ( i believe the example was tibeto - burman ) can be traced back to a common form and the morphology , when reconstructed from the 'd aughter ' languages , conclusively points , in this case , to an ergative ' mother ' language . otherwise , john cowan seems to have summed it up best , citing robbin burling 's book : man 's many voices . . . just as every language at one point or another borrows lexemes from another langauge , there are literally thousands of examples of langauges borrowing syntactic constructions from other languages , whether substrats or not - even english has a good share of these borrowings . we cannot forget that an extremely large portion of the world 's population is by necessity bi - or tri-lingual , many of whom cannot even read their own native language , not to mention the other ( s ) or have any kind of linguistic training or sensiti - vity and would therefore pay much attention as to what language a particular construction comes from . there are also the famous ' sprachbunds ' , such as the balkan area and to a certain extent south asia , where through everyday necessity , a large part of the population speaks at least two langauges , as was shown in the case of the village along the maharastra - mysore boundary , ( mentioned by john cowan above ) where one can translate word-for - word from one language into another , although the languages are not - strictly speaking - related . in this case , though , it does n't even seem to make sense to speak of language families . in my opinion , the only possible connection is that of language contact or sprachbund . maybe that is part of the problem - what are ' related ' languages , anyway ? we must also remember that this process has undoubtedly been going on ever since people could speak . it would n't be difficult to propose , going back to our starting point , a theoretical language contact area for greek and iranian . for example , georgian , at least the modern language , only uses the plural verb for humans . although objects can appear in the plural , the verb appears in the singular . as there have always been greek ' colonies ' throughout the region , one could just as well assume a kind of sprachbund for the whole region at that time , which would be even easier as we know so little about the pre-historic era in that region , making it difficult to disprove . even today , there are certain ' areal ' characteristics such as evidential perfects , and many languages are , or have been at one point , split ergative in the region stretching from nepal to the caucusus , etc . seen in this light , then , we can't really speak of the ' oddity ' of the construction with a neutral plural taking a verb in the singular , which , by the way , in my opinion at least , does have a certain semantic justification and is by no means ' odd ' . concerning indo - aryan , the comparative method applied to syntax would certainly give us the ( wrong ) conclusion that vedic sanskrit was a split-ergative language , as all modern indo - aryan languages except standard oriya and begali ( and assamese ? ) are either ergative or split - ergative languages , and many dialects of these three langauges are also split-ergative languages . as there are several hundred ia ' langauges ' , would n't we be forced to assume that this goes back to the parent language ? but there is also a problem here with the traditional method . we have ( to a large extent ) cognate endings for the ergative case . so why is n't vedic a split-ergative language ? because we have gone back too far . split ergativity is part of the ' parent ' language , but this is presumably to be found in middle indic . for a language family about which we know next to nothing , then , this would certainly lead to tremendous errors . so , it seems to me that , although there are indeed useful insights to be gained by looking at the syntax , it should , as i stated earlier , always be the last criterium , if used at all , in arguing for a kind of genetic relationship . when we have no written history of the peoples of the area , very little in the way of documented sound changes , etc . , we simply cannot say anything yet about the syntactic structure of the proto-language . that will undoubtedly come about in the course of time , but it is just one of many features , none of which alone can ' prove ' anything , except perhaps contact . if there are enough of the ' unlikely ' correspondences ( i . e . ' ist / sind ' and ' est / sunt ' ) , then one can speak with relative security of a genetic relationship , whatever that exactly means . john peterson , kiel , germany
  """",0
  845,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1468 comparative method
   
   in response to lloyd anderson 's looooong and interesting disquisition in 5 . 1468 i have the impulse , which i hope the editors of the list will allow , to introduce a light touch ( something i once tried to do at the haas festival conference when discussing my field work , and was excoriated for ) . in reading from lloyd how greenberg had this """""""" single flexible flap in his notebook bearing the language names , and sheets which he matched up against that to enter data for particular lexical items . this is a mechanism subject to errors . . . """""""" this brings to mind an anecdote i have heard several times , never daring to ask chas hockett if it were true , in whole or part : when bloomfield was doing menomini , in the 1920s when paper was expensive and linguists were paid even more poorly than now , bloomfield compensated by using each 3x5 slip four times , thus getting maximum entries with minimal use of paper . when his notes were handed on to hockett , in cardboard file boxes of slips all carefully alphabetized , it is said that the movers dropped one box and its slips fell out . . . the rest is best left to imagination , which may be the source of the whole story , for all i know . but i wanted to pass it on in the hope of relieving the tedium i feel from time to time . sorry , folks . yours , karl
  """",0
  846,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1484 comparative syntax
   
   since chet creider 's posting of 8 dec rightly corrected some misinformation i gave in my off-the - top-of - the-head posting about karamojong , i decided to make amends by doing a little research ( very little ) to check the rest of what i said . consider it a xmas gift . below is the relevant section of recent nilo - saharan classification ( sudanic : nilotic ) . it 's basically the same as greenberg ( 1963 ) with some refinements in further branching but no rearrangement of limbs . east sudanic has four branches , including eastern and western , then nilotic with three branches , including west , east and south . karamojong belongs to the east branch of the nilotic branch of east sudanic . it is therefore classified as closer to maasai ( maa - lotuko branch ) and bari ( bari branch ) than to the lwo branch of the west branch of nilotic , but no closer to kalenjin , a group in the south branch ( e . g . , nandi ) than to the west branch . the following is a relatively recent classification , such as found in schadeberg 's ( 1981 ) article on nilo - saharanisch . central sudanic : moru - madi - lugbara etc east sudanic : eastern : nubian western : tama , daju kuliak : ik , so nilotic : west : ( some call it north nilotic ) burun : idem nuer - dinka : idem lwoo : north : shilluk , anwak south : achooli , luo east : ( some call it central nilotic ) bari : bari , kakwa etc maa - lotuko : maasai etc teso - turkana : karamojong , jie etc south : kalenjin : nandi - markweta : nandi , tuken elgon : sapiny , pok okiek / dorobo : sogoo etc datoga : etc beside the bewildering array of east and west branches of branches down the sudanic line i can trace my inaccuracy to conolly 's mention of jie . as a language , jie , along with karamojong and various other languages such as teso , are part of the teso - turkana branch of east nilotic . however , in an earlier classification , e . g . , crazzolara ( 1938 ) , jii is the name used for west nilotic ( or at least the current lwo and nuer - dinka branches ) . jii means """""""" people """""""" ( or """""""" ordinary people """""""" ) in most of the west nilotic languages , hence the classificational name . the dinka call themselves """""""" jieng ' """""""" . i suspect that the east nilotic jie ( also spelled """""""" jiye """""""" ) is the same word , but i have n't checked if the jie actually call themselves that . african language nomenclature is full of terms not used by the speakers themselves ( but often by sarcastic neighbors , so that , for example , while the dinka evidently see no stigma in their autonym , the achooli use the term somewhat like english uses the term """""""" the masses """""""" , cf . hoi polloi ) . just for fun let 's see how accurate what i said was about the numbers from one to ten are . we do n't need six through nine , because they are compounds of five plus numbers under five . the data for most languages are restricted to what i happened to have within reach without doing library research . however , the data for bari and teso ( ateso , in my experience ) are from transcriptions of recordings i made a long time ago in east africa before i even knew how these languages were classified . i do n't have published linguistic data on hand for them . in all cases i have simplified orthography for typographical ease ( losing information ) . for example , the """""""" h """""""" following a vowel refers to the retracted ( lax - sounding ) tongue root position of that vowel . the nilotic languages have complex vowel systems with """""""" tense """""""" and """""""" lax """""""" subsystems . of course , lexical numbers by themselves do not prove anything about genetic af finities . nevertheless , some interesting patterns emerge to compare with the currently accepted classification scheme . west nilotic : achooli anwak luo dinka nuer 1 ace : hl achyehloh achiel tok kehl 2 aryo : h areahu ariyo rou rahu 3 adeek adahgoh adehk diak dyohk 4 ang ' we : hn ang ' wehnoh ang ' wen ng ' wan ng ' wan 5 abiic abiyuh abihch dhiec dye : ch 10 apaar apar apar thiaar wahl the first consonant in ' 5 ' seems to be diagnostic of the distinctness of nuer - dinka from the lwoo group . otherwise , dinka ' 1 ' is wierd , and so is the first consonant of dinka ' 10 ' ( cf . dinka - nuer ' 5 ' ) , but not much wierder than a comparison of indo - european numbers ( cf . germanic ' 4 - 5 ' or slavic ' 9-10 ' ) . reconstruction is not difficult , although you do n't have an accurate transcription of the vowel distinctions ( or tone ) . east and south ( nandi ) nilotic : ( afro - asiatic : cushitic ) bari teso maasai nandi somali 1 kyeling ' diopeti - bo akenge kow ( southern also ' hal ' ) 2 morehk iyere - re aeng lamma 3 msala : iu ~ li - uni somok siddah 4 ingwan iwong ' wahn - ong ' uan angwan afar 5 mukanad ikany imiet mut shan 10 pwahk itomony tomon taman tommon the numbers ' 2 ' and ' 4 ' are consistent with west nilotic . otherwise , lexicon appears to be areally defined . first maasai and nandi seem to have a cognate for west nilotic ' 5 ' . however , maasai is classified with bari and teso as east nilotic . thus , bari and teso seem to share an innovation for ' 5 ' which does not extend to maasai or south nilotic . meanwhile the cognacy of bari ' 3 ' with teso and maasai is questionable , and nandi ' 3 ' is beyond the pale . interestingly , my data for bari has ' 10 ' as given , while greenberg gives bari ' 10 ' as """""""" mere """""""" in one of his mass cognate sets ( p . 106 ) . """""""" pwahk """""""" fits in with the west nilotic set , but presumably g 's data comes from a published source . ( i have n't loo ked at my data since i transcribed it - - several decades , but i relistened to my bari tape to make sure i had n't transposed the word for ' 10 ' with some other word like ' toothbrush ' . ) by the way , teso is closely related to karamojong so i would expect the numbers to be similar , including the cushitic loan for ' 10 ' , but with doubts about whether karamojong ' 5 ' would follow the maasai or bari - teso pattern . ( gotta go to the library for this one . any volunteers ? ) the word for ' 10 ' in the other east and south nilotic languages was recognised by g as a loan from somali or one of the mutually intelligible galla languages of cushitic . that 's why i gave the somali numbers above . easy to see it would be a lot more difficult to argue for somali as nilotic than for the other languages [ uhm , if their other lexical correspondences behave like their numbers - - which they do . . . g actually uses the example of cushitic multiple of ten in maasai in his arguments against meinhof 's nilo - hamitic hypothesis . cushitic was part of """""""" hamitic """""""" in the older terminology ( """""""" afro - asiatic """""""" is g 's coinage for older """""""" semito - hamitic """""""" ) . . note nubian ' 10 ' below . . thus , g has been as sharp to use arguments about borrowing against his opponents as have his opponents against him . what to do ? east sudanic central sudanic nubian lugbara 1 we : rum aluh 2 awum iri 3 toskum na 4 kemsum su 5 dijum towi 10 dimnum muhdri wow ! numbers do n't help unite nubian as a branch of east sudanic with nilotic . obviously other criteria were used . for superifical impression nubian ' 10 ' looks promising as cognate with south and most of east nilotic , and maybe it is , but that card has already been played non-genetically above - - and with good reason . . g , p106 again , compares bari ' 10 ' """""""" mere """""""" with khordofan nubian """""""" bure """""""" for the same ) . as central sudanic , lugbara might be expected by the naive to be even more different from nilotic than nubian , but the numbers do n't show that . g uses lugbara ' 2 ' in his mass cognate sets for the unity of central and east sudanic . interestingly , he also uses dinka ' 1 ' , the wierd one for west nilotic , in the same mass cognate sets - - for comparison with ' 10 ' in some central sudanic groups . lots of interesting claims there , e . g . , the most common west nilotic word for """""""" one """""""" is not proto - west nilotic , let alone proto - nilotic ( despite the suggestiveness of bari and nandi ' 1 ' above ) . g could be right , for all i know . anyway , i ' m just as interested in the areal cross-currents as in the hypotheses about genetic relationships . thus , other implications emerge from g 's mass comparison s , e . g . , the pan - nilotic word for ' 4 ' must be an areal innovation ( maybe in proto - nilotic ) since it does not occur elsewhere in nilo - saharan , or in any other known language group for that matter . so , ok . we have some pretty strong hypotheses . i have n't followed nilo - saharan studies closely , though nubian , but the numbers do n't show that . g uses lugbara ' 2 ' in his mass cognate sets for the unity of central and east sudanic . interestingly , he also uses dinka ' 1 ' , the wierd one for west nilotic , in the same mass cognate sets - - for comparison with ' 10 ' in some central sudanic groups . lots of interesting claims there , e . g . , the most common west nilotic word for """""""" one """""""" is not proto - west nilotic , let alone proto - nilotic ( despite the suggestiveness of bari and nandi ' 1 ' above ) . g could be right , for all i know . anyway , i ' m just as interested in the areal cross-currents as in the hypothese about genetic relationships . thus , other implications emerge from g 's mass comparisons , e . g . , the pan - nilotic word for ' 4 ' must be an areal innovation ( maybe in proto - nilotic ) since it does not occur elsewhere in nilo - saharan , or in any other known language group for that matter . so , ok . we have some pretty strong hypotheses . i have n't followed nilo - sahara n studies closely , though west african niger - congo ( actually the benue - kwa grou p of niger - congo ) . greenberg ( 1963 ) notes that westermann also used the label for various east sudanic languages ( w had done some fieldwork on nilotic ) , beli eving that they were related to the west african niger - congo ( i . e . """""""" sudanic """""""" ) l anguages . since i have come across occasional grumblings , begrudging g 's niger - congo hypothesis as lifted from westermann , it is fair to mention that g had t o separate w 's beliefs about """""""" niger - congo """""""" from his beliefs about """""""" sudanic """""""" . w was , of course , not influential in his beliefs about east sudanic anyway , as t he nilo - hamitic hypothesis was the more influential theory , given the ritual fa scination of european civilisation with its debt to ancient egypt and the near east , until g came along . anyway , to this day there is east and central sudani c , but after g no * west sudanic . in sum , the unity of west nilotic would be evident to even the most rigorous ne o - grammarians , and was , west african niger - congo ( actually the benue - kwa group of niger - congo ) . greenberg ( 1963 ) notes that westermann also used the label fo r various east sudanic languages ( w had done some fieldwork on nilotic ) , believ ing that they were related to the west african niger - congo ( i . e . """""""" sudanic """""""" ) lan guages . since i have come across occasional grumblings , begrudging g 's niger - c ongo hypothesis as lifted from westermann , it is fair to mention that g had to separate w 's beliefs about """""""" niger - congo """""""" from his beliefs about """""""" sudanic """""""" . w w as , of course , not influential in his beliefs about east sudanic anyway , as the nilo - hamitic hypothesis was the more influential theory , given the ritual fasc ination of european civilisation with its debt to ancient egypt and the near ea st , until g came along . anyway , to this day there is east and central sudanic , but after g no * west sudanic . in sum , the unity of west nilotic would be evident to even the most rigorous ne o - grammarians , and was , of them do not practice the selective circularity metho d which g 's method is best equipped to attack . they do not seem to be in a hur ry or even primarily concerned with lumping languages into deeper and deeper pr oto-families . these were , after all , more primary concerns for the use of ling uistic data in the """""""" history-explains / justifies-everything """""""" intellectual climate of the 19th century . given the current emphasis on typological detail and uni versals , and the counter-concern with cultural relativity and composite cultura l uniqueness , at least as cherished by amerindists as by any other linguists be cause of the amerindist anthropological tradition , accuracy of data is a paramo unt concern , even if errors are overwhelmed by reliable facts in drawing """""""" big p ictures """""""" by the mass comparison method . so , g 's final destination may be a bump on the road for amerindists , or even a different road leading in a different d irection , and an unwelcome distraction - - like a flat tire . benji
  """",0
  847,""""Subject: 
   
   call for papers to the workshop connectionist - symbolic integration : from unified to hybrid approaches to be held at ijcai ' 95 montreal , canada august 19-20 , 1994 there has been a considerable amount of research in integrating connectionist and symbolic processing . while such an approach has clear advantages , it also encounters serious difficulties and challenges . therefore , various models and ideas have been proposed to address various problems and aspects in this integration . there is a growing interest from many segments of the ai community , ranging from expert systems , to cognitive modeling , to logical reasoning . two major trends can be identified in the state of the art : these are the unified or purely and the hybrid approaches to integration . whereas the purely connectionist ( """""""" connectionist-to - the-top """""""" ) approach claims that complex symbol processing functionalities can be achieved via neural networks alone , the hybrid approach is premised on the complementarity of the two paradigms and aims at their synergistic combination in systems comprising both neural and symbolic components . in fact , these trends can be viewed as two ends of an entire spectrum . up till now , overall , there is still relatively little work in comparing and combining these fairly isolated efforts . this workshop will provide a forum for discussions and exchanges of ideas in this area , to foster cooperative work . the workshop will tackle important issues in integrating connectionist and symbolic processing . a tentative schedule day 1 : a . introduction : * invited talks these talks will provide an overview of the field and set the tone for ensuing discussions . * theoretical foundations for integrating connectionist and symbolic processing b . definition of the two approaches : * do they exhaust the space of current research in connectionist-symbolic integration , or is there room for additional categories ? * how do we compare the unified and hybrid approaches ? * do the unified and hybrid approaches constitute a clearcut dichotomy or are they just endpoints of a continuum ? * what class of processes and problems is well-suited to unified or hybrid integration ? the relevant motivations and objectives . * what type of model is suitable for what type of application ? enumerate viable target domains . c . state of the art : * recent or ongoing theoretical or experimental research work * implemented models belonging to either the unified or hybrid approach * practical applications of both types of systems research addressing key issues concerning : * the unified approach : theoretical or practical issues involving systematicity , compositionality and variable binding , biologically inspired models , connectionist knowledge representation , other high-level connectionist models . * the hybrid approach : modes and methods of coupling , task sharing between various components of a hybrid system , knowledge representation and sharing . * both : commonsense reasoning , natural language processing , analogical reasoning , and more generally applications of unified and hybrid models . day 2 : d . cognitive aspects : * cognitive plausibility and relations to other ai paradigms * in cognitive modeling , why should we integrate connectionist and symbolic processing ? * is there a clear cognitive rationale for such integration ? ( we may need to examine in detail some typical areas , such as commonsense reasoning , and natural language processing ) * is there psychological and / or biological evidence for existing models ? if so , what is it ? e . open research issues : * can we now propose a common terminology with precise definitions for both approaches to connectionist-symbolic integration and for the location on the continuum ? * how far can unified systems go ? can unified models be supplemented by hybrid models ? can hybrid models be supplanted by unified models ? * limitations and barriers faced by both approaches * what breakthroughs are needed for both approaches ? * is it possible to synthesize various existing models ? workshop format - panel discussions - mini-group discussions : participants will break into groups of 7 / 8 to discuss a given theme ; group leaders will then form a panel to report on group discussions and attempt a synthesis with audience participation - interactive talks : this is a novel type of oral presentation we will experiment with . instead of a classical presentation , the speaker will present a problem or issue and give a brief statement of his personal stand ( 5 min ) to launch discussions which he will then moderate and conclude . - classical slide talks followed by q / a and discussions . workshop co - chairs : frederic alexandre , crin - cnrs / inria - lorraine ron sun , the university of alabama organizing committee : john barnden , new mexico state university steve gallant , belmont research inc . larry medsker , american university christian pellegrini , university of geneva noel sharkey , sheffield university program committee : lawrence bookman ( sun laboratory , usa ) michael dyer ( ucla , usa ) wolfgang ertel ( frw , germany ) limin fu ( university of florida , usa ) jose gonzalez - cristobal ( upm , spain ) ruben gonzalez - rubio ( university of sherbrooke , canada ) jean - paul haton ( crin - inria , france ) melanie hilario ( university of geneva , switzerland ) abderrahim labbi ( imag , france ) ronald yager ( iona college , usa ) schedule : - the submission deadline for participants is february 1 , 1995 . - the authors and potential participants will be notified the acceptance decision by march 15 , 1995 . - the camera-ready copies of working notes papers will be due on april 15 , 1995 submission : - if you wish to present a talk , specify the preferred type of presentation ( classical or interactive talk ) and submit 5 copies of an extended abstract ( within the limit of 5 - 7 pages ) to : ron sun department of computer science the university of alabama tuscaloosa , al 35487 rsun @ cs . ua . edu ( 205 ) 348-6363 - if you only wish to attend the workshop , send 5 copies of a short ( no more than one page ) description of your interest to the same address above . - please be sure to include your e-mail address in all submissions .
  """",0
  848,""""Subject: shareware mac concordance program available
   
   i am making available a shareware concordance program for the macintosh called monoconc . the program is somewhat slow ( about 70 hits a minute ) , but it handles the basics . monoconc works with text-only files and produces a concordance in a """""""" key word in context """""""" format . the search term can be a word ( or part of a word , e . g . linguist * ) or a phrase . the resulting concordance can be sorted 1r ( first right ) , 1l , 2r , and 2l . the amount of context shown in the concordance lines can be adjusted , and clicking on a particular concordance line will bring half a dozen or so lines from the original text into a context window . in addition , a collocation screen gives the number of occurrences of all the words occurring in positions 3l , 2l , 1l , 1r , 2r , and 3r . it is possible to exclude certain words ( e . g . , function words ) from the count . there is also a simple graphical representation of the main collocates . the concordance and collocation results can be saved to a file or printed . i plan to post the program to a couple of ftp sites . ( if you are reading this in january 1995 , then you can try ftping to rice university at ftp . rice . edu . the program will be in the folder pub or pub \ linguistics . alternatively , in the new year you can try john lawler 's linguistics archive at the university of michigan . ) the program ( on a disk ) and a manual can also be purchased from athelstan ( 800-598 - 3880 ) . for those who would like a copy of the program before christmas , i can send a binhex version ( about 1400k ) via email - - assuming i do n't get too many requests . michael barlow barlow @ ruf . rice . edu
  """",0
  849,""""Subject: open letter to * language *
   
   sally 's posting in response to the open letter indicates that * language * has decided to have illich - svitych 's book reviewed . that is good news - - unless this refers merely to the fact that late in 1990 or early in 1991 she asked eric hamp to do a review , which to my knowlege he declined to do . if indeed eric hamp is now going to review the book , i will be delighted . but it is not the case ( as some have charged ) that the open letter was written in spite of the fact that the signers knew , or could have found out , that a review was in the works . we were informed that hamp had declined . as recently as march 7 , 1994 , the language advisory committee seemed to have no knowledge of such a review . in response to an appeal from me , the committee urged that * language * do something on this issue , but in july * language * informed me that it would not . this , together with the fact that the incoming editor of * language * told me that he would have to stand by his predecessor 's decision ( something i can quite sympathize with ) is what prompted not just me but a number of distinguished members of the linguistic society to resort to the idea of an open letter . far from wishing to be divisive , i ( and others ) have tried since 1990 to address what we perceived to be a major omission , and to address it without public fanfare . however , this has had no effect . i report this with all due respect to the achievements of * language * under sally 's editorship , respect which i am sure is widely shared . it seems to me that a request that she change an editorial decision can in no way harm that distinguished record . alexis manaster ramer p . s . since the original posting , the following people have asked to have their names added to the signatories of the letter : edith moravcsik sebastian shaumyan david stampe daniel radzinski lloyd b . anderson - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - moderators ' message : we are taking the unaccustomed step of commenting on a discussion , because it 's christmas and we would love to encourage peace on ( the linguistic ) earth if we could . with regard to a review of illich - svitych 's work , all parties agree that : a ) * language * commissioned a review in 1991 b ) the original review is now unlikely to come in to us , these facts suggest both that ( a ) * language * acted fairly in soliciting discussion of nostratic and ( b ) the signers of the open letter acted in good faith in requesting another review . the linguistic issue here is the merit ( or non-merit ) of the book . if subscribers would like to address this issue after the break , we ' ll be happy to post such messages . otherwise , this discussion is closed . peace ! helen & anthony postscript : since it 's difficult to discuss a book no one has read , we would like to remind you that the book was announced on linguist as """""""" available for discussion . """""""" contact the review editor for a copy if you qualify as a reviewer .
  """",0
  850,""""Subject: fonts
   
   + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | this has been sent to a couple of | | lists , so i apologize in advance if | | anybody receives multiple copies . | + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + hello , i am trying to create a repository of fonts for writing in indigenous languages . i want to include both native orthographies and ipa fonts . ( i get a lot of requests for both of these types of fonts , and i see requests for information on the list , too . ) i am interested in ftp sites for obtaining public domain / shareware fonts , along with addresses , etc . of people or organizations that create fonts for sale ( the copyrighted fonts - - the ones you can ' t copy freely ) . i will compile a list of where to get the ftp fonts , and a separate section with a listing of who provides which copyrighted fonts , and how to obtain them . i will also download the fonts from ftp sites , and pass them on to whoever asks for them . one of the problems i encounter when i try to read the work of others , is the usage of different orthographies by different people . i would like to see a common ( within each language ) orthography for each of the languages we all study - - the smaller language groups quite often do n't have a common orthography . ( i do n't know if such a thing is even possible ; there may be too much disagreement on what a font for language _ _ _ _ _ should look like . we seem to disagree on just about every other topic , but that 's healthy , i think . ) if i could develop a repository for fonts , then , for example , i could write a paper about the cahuilla language and e-mail the paper anywhere in the world along with the font ( s ) necessary to read / print the paper . ( copyrighted fonts would have to be purchased from the source . ) others could do the same with """""""" their """""""" languages . often , when writing papers , and quoting the works of others , i need to write using a non-standard font , so i need to make it myself , then go back to my writing . i have n't counted them , but i have a bunch of partial fonts for many languages , both orthography and ipa . however , these partially completed fonts are based on books written as far back as the 1800s . i seriously doubt that they represent current writing systems . i do n't want to step on anybody 's toes , but i can develop a font for any language out there . i can do both truetype and postscript fonts for both the pc and macs . however , if somebody else has already done the work , it makes sense to use their fonts . why re-invent the wheel ? as far as naming the fonts i ' ve created , i ' ve been using the three-letter language codes from _ ethnologue : languages of the world _ , ed . barbara f . grimes , 12th ed . , 1992 . for example , my cahuilla orthography is c-chl . ttf ( truetype for pc ) , and my cahuilla ipa is c-chl - p . ttf . i recently responded to jan tent 's posting about yesterday , today , and tomorrow words . i sent her words in north american indian languages . she wrote back asking about some of the symbols i had used . if a common font set was available , i could have e-mailed her a font for her computer , and she could have read my reply with the native orthography and ipa pronunciations in the document i sent . to me , it seems that this would be useful to people . i 'd like to hear others ' opinions about such a project ( in addition to where to ftp or buy fonts ) . i would especially like to hear from the indigenous language speakers on this list , in addition to the linguists . so send me your information and opinions , even if the opinion is , """""""" chuck , you ' re an idiot . scrap the whole idea . """""""" i ' ll post a summary to the list if there 's enough interest , otherwise i ' ll respond personally . if you need a font for a language you ' re working on , let me know that , too . happy holidays , chuck coker work : ( 909 ) 882-2099 ( united states ) home : ( 909 ) 886-5035 ( united states ) e-mail : cjcoker @ csupomona . edu = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = there have been no dragons in my life , only small spiders and stepping in gum . i could have coped with the dragons . - - anonymous ( but wise )
  """",0
  851,""""Subject: list of language lists version 1 . a
   
   the loll is now available by anonymous ftp to midir . ucd . ie in / pub / everson . michael everson school of architecture , ucd ; richview , clonskeagh ; dublin 14 ; e / ire phone : + 353 1 706-2745 fax : + 353 1 283-7778 home : + 353 1 478-2597
  """",0
  852,""""Subject: thanks
   
   thanks to all of the many people who sent me igor mel ' cuk 's contact info , volunteered to forward messages , etc . you ' re a very helpful group ! regards , sherri calvo
  """",0
  853,""""Subject: 
   
   discourse barsky , robert f . ( igrc , montreal , canada ) . constructing a productive other . discourse theory and the convention refugee hearing john benjamins 1994 . x , 272 pp . discourse hb : us : 1 55619 297 5 / eur : 90 272 5041 3 us $ 64 . 00 / hfl . 110 , - - a study of the process of constructing a productive other for the purpose of being admitted to canada in the categort of """""""" convention refugee """""""" . the whole claiming procedure is analyzed with respect to two actual cases , and contextualized by reference to pertinent national and international jurisprudence , all analyzed within the context of discourse analaysis . pragmatics and beyond new series , 29 pamela downing and michael noonan ( eds . ) word order in discourse ( university of wisconsin milwaukee ) typological studies in language , 30 1995 . ca . x , 583 pp . + index hb 1-55619 - 424 - 2 $ 135 . 00 . pb 1-55619 - 636 - 9 $ 37 . 95 eighteen papers dealing with the problem of word order variation in discourse . word order variation has often been treated as an essentially unpredictable phenomenon , a matter of selecting randomly one set of possible orders generated by the grammar . however , as the papers in this collection show , word order variation is not random , but rather is govemed by testable principles which are common to all languages . stygall , gail ( university of washington ) . trial language . differential discourse processing and discursive formation . pragmatics and beyond new series , 26 john benjamins 1994 . xii , 230 pp . discourse hb : us : 1 55619 294 0 / eur . : 90 272 5038 3 us $ 59 . 00 / hfl . 105 , - - this study of anglo - american legal discourse is the first comprehensive discourse analysis of american legal language in its prototypical setting , the trial by jury . with ethnographic data gathered in a civil jury trial , the book compares the discourse processing of the legal participants and the lay jurors in the trial . the study argues for a foucauldian discourse analysis of institutional languages , a social theory powerful enough to account for the power and tenacity of these ianguages , where traditional linguistic explanation has failed . wortham , stanton e . f . ( bates college , lewiston , maine ) . acting out participant examples in the classroom . pragmatics and beyond new series , 30 john benjamins 1994 xiv , 178 pp . discourse hb : us : 1 55619 298 3 / eur : 90 2725042 1 us $ 49 . 00 / hfl . 90 , - - pb 1-55619 - 243 - 6 $ 29 . 95 this volume explores a relational pattern that occurs during one type of speech event enacted classroom """""""" participant examples """""""" . the study reports that in some cases speakers not only discuss , but also act out the roles assigned to them in participant examples . that is , speakers do with each other , what they are talking about as the content of the example . participants act as if events described as the example provide a script for their interaction . cmejrkova , svetlaand frantiek ticha ( eds . ) the syntax of sentence and text . a festschrift for frantiek dane john benjamins 1994 . 398 pp . discourse hb : us : 1 55619 267 3 / eur90 272 1551 0 us $ 95 . 00 / hfl . 145 , - - published in honour of his 75th birthday , this volume celebrates dane ' international contribution to the development of prague school functionalism , the theory of functional sentence perspective , discourse studies and semantics . contributions by : robert de beaugrande ; andrej boguslawski ; alexandr bondarko ; svetla cmejrkova , maria - elisabeth conte ; martin davies ; wolfgang dressler ; anna duszak ; nils erik enkvist ; jan firbas ; paul l . garvin ; roland harweg ; jana hoffmanova ; miroslav komarek ; jirm kraus ; philip l . luelsdorff , eva machackova ; olga miillerova , igor nemec ; janos sander petvfi ; hansjakob seiler ; sorin stati ; frantiek ticha ; eugenius uhlenbeck ; ludmila uhlirova ; joseph vachek ; eija ventola . linguistic and literary studies in eastem europe , 42 translation dollerup , cay & annette lindegaard ( eds . ) . teaching translation and interpreting 2 . john benjamins 1994 viii , 358 pp . translation / interpretation cloth : us : 1 55619 682 2 / eur : 90 272 1601 0 us $ 69 . 00 / hfl . 130 , - - bridging the gap empirical research in simultaneous interpretation . sylvie lambert & barbara mosel-mercer ( eds . ) john benjamins 1994 362 pp . translation / interpretation cloth : us : 1 55619 481 1 / eur : 90 272 2144 8 us $ 69 . 00 / hfl . 130 , - - a collection of 30 articles discussing various aspects of interpreting grouped in 4 sections : i . pedagogical issues , ii . simultaneous interpretation , iii . sign language and court interpreting , iv . neuropsychological research . snell - hornby , mary , franz pvchhacker & klaus kaindl ( eds . ) translation studies : an interdiscipline . selected papers from the translation studies congress , vienna , 9-12 september 1992 . john benjamins 1994 xii , 438 pp . translation cloth us : 1 55619 478 1 / eur : 90 272 2141 3 us $ 95 . 00 / hfl . 170 , - - this selection of 44 papers from the 163 presented at the translation studies congress which was held in celebration of the 50th anniversary of the institut f | r dolmetscher und \ bersetzer ausbildung in vienna , shows how translation studies is moving away from purely linguistic analysis into lsp , psychology , cognition , and cultural orientations . the volume is divided into sections reflecting the focal subject areas of the congress : translation , history and culture ; interpreting theory and training ; terminology and special languages ; teaching and training in translation . also included are papers from a special workshop including interdisciplinary research projects from vienna . pragmatics givon , t . ( ed . ) voice and inversion . john benjamins 1994 viii , 510 pp . ling theory cloth us : 1 55619 420 x / eur : 90 272 2917 1 us $ 95 . 00 / hfl . 180 , - - paper us : 1 55619 421 8 / eur : 90 272 2918 x us $ 32 . 95 / hfl . 65 , - - this collection aims first to establish a structure-independent , language-independent definition of pragmatic voice , and more specifically then a universal functional definition of ' inverse ' . the grammar and pragmatic function of the four major voice constructions - - direct-active , inverse , passive , antipassive - - are surveyed using narrative texts from 14 languaegs : koyukon ( athabascan ) , plains cree , ( algonquian ) , chepang ( tibeto - burman ) , squamish and bella coola ( salish ) , sahaptin ( sahaptian ) , kutenai ( isolate ) , suriinam carib ( carib ) cebuano and karao ( philippine ) .
  """",0
  854,""""Subject: 
   
   bibliographies campe , petra . case , semantic roles , and grammatical relations . a comprehensive bibliography . john benjamins 1994 vii , 644 pp . ling . theory cloth : us : 1 55619 675 x / eur : 90 272 2811 6 us $ 125 . 00 / hfl . 225 , - - this bibliography presents the multi-dimensionality of the research into case and case-related phenomena . this includes not only morphological case-markers , but also the cross-constituent ( semantic and grammatical ) relations expressed by morphological case or by its various counterparts ; morpho-syntactic processes such as transitivity and passivization ; and pragmatic and textual considerations . in addition , the bibliography reflects the implications of case researchc for other disciplines , such as foreign language teaching and artificial intelligence . more than 6000 publications are presented in the author index . also included are a subject index , a language index and a guide to the relevant languages and language families kess , joseph f . and tadao miyamoto ( university of victoria ) japanese psycholinguistics . a classified and annotated research bibliography john benjamins 1994 xii , 355 pp . bibliographies hb : us : 1 55619 254 1 / eur : 90 272 3750 6 us $ 89 . 00 / hfl . 160 , - - this classified and annotated research bibliography is an useful introduction to the rich field of japanese psycholinguistics , providing an exhaustive inventory of what has been done in or about japanese in a psycholinguistic sense . the annotations for each entry have been especialiy written for this bibliographic inventory , and with the linguist , psychologist , and psycholinguist specifically in mind . the authors ' intention is to maximize the usefulness of such an inventory by preparing annotations for the interested reader who wishes to know not only what the article contains but where it fits in the research tradition . library and information sources in linguistics , 24 nevis , joel a . , brian d . joseph , dieter wanner and arnold m . zwicky . clitics . a comprehensive bibliography 1892-1991 john benjamins 1994 . xxxviii , 274 pp . bibliographies hb : us : 1 556i9 252 5 / eur : 90 272 3748 4 us $ 69 . 00 / hfl . 125 , - - provides an alphabetical listing of over 1500 articles , books , and dissertations that treat in some way the topic of clitics and related matters , e . g . affixes , words , word order , movement , sandhi , etc . each entry is accompanied by a series of descriptors which give an indication of the content of the item . nearly one-third of the book is a detailed analytic index , based on the descriptors , which can aid in topical searches for relevant material . prefatory matter includes an essay """""""" what is a clitic ? """""""" by arnold m . zwicky , a brief consideration of jacob wackernagel , the first author on this topic , by brian d . joseph , and information on the format and use of the book itself . library and information sources in linguistics , 22 niederehe , hans-josef ( university of trier , germany ) . bibliografia cronolsgica de ling | mstica , la gramatica y la lexicografia del espaqol ( bicres ) . desde los principios hasta el aqo 1600 john benjamins 1994 . vi , 457 pp . bibliographies hb : us : 1 55619 612 1 / eur : 90 272 4563 0 us $ 100 . 00 / hfl . 190 , since the publication of the still very valuable biblioteca histsrica de la filologma castellana by cipriano muqoz y manzano , conde de la viqaza , ( madrid , 1893 ) , our knowledge of the history of the study of the spanish language has grown considerably . it is the purpose of the present bibliography to bring already available bibliographical information together with the more recent research findings , scattered in many places , books and articles , published during the past one hundred years , in an exhaustive as possible manner . studies in the history of the language sciences , 76 writing systems ancient scripts and phonological knowledge d . gary miller ( university of florida ) this study investigates the properties of several ancient syllabic and linear segmental scripts to make explicit the aspects of linguistic knowledge they attempt to represent . some recent experimental work suggests that nonliterate speakers do not have segmental knowledge and that only syllabic knowledge is real or accessible , whence the ubiquity of syllabaries . miller disputes this by showing that such tests do not distinguish relevant types of knowledge , and that linguistic analysis of the ordering and writing conventions of early western scripts corroborates the evidence from language acquisition , use , and change for segment awareness . by coding segments , the ancient syllabaries represented more phonological knowledge than the alphabet , which was a poor compromise between the vowelless west semitic scripts and the vowel-redundant syllabic scripts . current issues in linguistic theory , 116 1994 . xvi , 139 pp . hb 1-55619 - 570 - 2 $ 35 . 00 history of ling theory groups and the study of language in north america . a social history . stephen o . murray ( el instituto obregsn , san francisco ) this is a detailed social history of north american linguistic traditions and """""""" revolutionary """""""" challenges to them , covering the last century and a half . in particular , the book traces the relatively recent growth of generative syntax out of neo - bloomfieldian structuralism , under the nurturing ( contrary to popular myth ) of powerful """""""" gatekeepers """""""" like language editor bernard bloch . although focusing on groups , murray resurrects many of the forgotten writers on language in society who were not participants in schools or theory groups . moreover , he formulates a theory of the social basis for claims of """""""" scientific revolution """""""" , and provides a suggestive analysis of why some approaches succeeded while others failed in the continuing and often rhetorically violent contention in linguistics . includes a 74 - page bibliography . studies in the history of the language sciences , 69 1994 xxi , 596 pp . hb : 1-55619 - 364 - 5 $ 110 . 00
  """",0
  855,""""Subject: 
   
   finnish helena halmari . a government approach to finnish-english intrasentential code-switching . 1994 naturally occurring finnish - english bilingual conversations are examined to discover the principle constraining the distribution of intra-sentential code - switching . it is argued that the syntactic notion of government is the relevant one , in particular di sciullo , muysken , and singh 's ( 1986 ) government constraint ( gc ) on code-switching , according to which code-switching within a governed element is possible if and only if the governed element includes a """""""" language-carrier """""""" whose language index is identical with the language index of the governor . in governed positions the rich finnish inflectional morphology functions as language-carrier . evidence for the gc is provided not only by the data that conform to the constraint , but also by those data which are near - violations of this constraint and consistently accompanied by severe repair phenomena ( pausing , hesitation , false starts , and backtracking . it is claimed that these repair phenomena ' break ' the government relation when it is about to be violated . in a few instances an explanation for code-switching needs to be looked for in sociolinguistic factors , such as interspeaker variation . available from gsil publications , usc . e - mail : gsil @ usc . edu greek themes in greek linguistics papers from the first international conference on greek linguistics , reading , september 1993 i . philippaki-warburton , k . nicolaidis and m . sifianou ( eds . ) ( university of readingl ( university of athens ) this volume brings together 65 conference papers , whose aim is to provide a comprehensive state-of - the-art in greek linguistics . papers concern all the standard topics : syntax , semantics and pragmatics within current models such as principles & parameters , hpsg , and relevance theory ; phonology and phonetics ; discourse , style and spoken and written discourse including miscommunication , metaphor and politeness issues ; ancient and modern greek dialects such as macedonian , cypriot , and pontic , as well as issues like social and geographical varieties , diglossia and language acquisition and the use of computers for the analysis , translation and teaching of greek . also includes an index of authors , languages and main key words . current issues in linguistic theory , 117 xviii 520 pp . + index hb 1-55619 - 571 - 0 $ 79 . 00 historical ling studies in language origins , volume 3 jan wind , abraham jonker , robin allott and leonard rolfe ( eds . ) this collection brings together the best papers presented at recent meetings of the language origins society . the volume reflects the diversity of approaches from many disciplines that are used to unravel the mystery of the origin of language : linguistics , anatomy , physiology , paleoanthropology , neuropsychology , physical anthropology , etc . xviii , 344 pp . hb 1-55619 - 497 - 8 $ 79 . 00
  """",0
  856,""""Subject: 
   
   syntax bhat , d . n . s . the adjectival category . criteria for differentiation and indentification . john benjamins 1994 xi , 285 pp . linguistics cloth : us : 1 55619 376 9 / eur : 90 272 3027 7 us $ 65 . 00 / hfl . xx , - - semantics continuity in linguistic semantics c . fuchs and b . victorri ( eds . ) until recently , most linguistic theories as well as theories of cognition have avoided use of the notion of continuity . however , several linguistic trends , sharing a preoccupation with semantico-cognitive problems ( e . g . cognitive grammars , ' psychomechanics ' , ' enuciative theories ' ) , are trying to go beyond the constraints imposed by discrete approaches . at the same time , mathematical ( e . g . differential geometry and dynamical systems ) and computer science tools ( e . g . connectionism ) have been proposed that can be used for modeling of continuous linguistic phenomena . the first part of the book is devoted to linguistic issues , the second part deals with modeling issues . contributions by : a . culioli ; c . fuchs ; c . harris ; d . kayser ; r . langacker ; g . leech ; p . le goffic ; j . petitot ; j . picoche ; v . prince ; j - m . salanskis ; h . seiler ; r . thom ; d . touretzky & b . victorri . lingvisticae investigationes supplementa , 19 1995 . iv , 251 pp . + index hb 1-55619 - 259 - 2 $ 64 . 00 process , image , and meaning wolfgang wildgen university of bremen in the sense of this work , the development of a """""""" realistic """""""" model of meaning has to account for the ecological basis of meaning in perception , action , and interaction , and is realistic in the sense of """""""" scientific realism """""""" , i . e . it is based on the paradigm of dynamical systems theory . in this work , wildgen proceeds from the positing of a semantic model of sentences within recent proposals to a realistic model elaborating on the consequences of the theory . this includes discussions of valence , basic prediction , multi-stability and the application of chaos theory . pragmatics and beyond new series , 31 xii , 280 pp . hb 1-55619 - 299 - 1 $ 67 . 00 ling theory the reality of linguistic rules susan d . lima , roberta l . corrigan and gregory k . iverson university of wisconsin - milwaukee this volume presents a selection of the best papers from the 21st annual university of wisconsin - milwaukee linguistics symposium . researchers from linguistics , psychology , computer science , and philosophy , using many different methods and focusing on many different facts of language , addressed the question of the existence of linguistic rules . are such rules best seen as convenient tools for the description of languages , or are rules actually invoked by individual language users ? studies in language companion series , 26 1994 . xxiii , 466 pp . + index hb 1-55619 - 378 - 5 $ 115 . 00 pagliuca , william ( ed . ) : perspectives on grammaticalization . john benjamins 1994 xx , 287 pp . + index ling . theory cloth : us : 1 55619 563 x / eur : 90 272 3612 7 us $ 79 . 00 / hfl . 150 , - - the recent resurgence of interest in the evolution of grammatical form and meaning from lexical material has reinvigorated historical analysis and theory and led to advances in the understanding of the relation between diachrony and universals . the richness and potential of some of the leading approaches to grammaticalization are here illustrated in thirteen selected papers from a symposium held at the university of wisconsin , milwaukee in april 1990 . this is the second of two volumes deriving from the same symposium ; the first volume , explanation in historical linguistics , edited by garry w . davis and gregory k . iverson , was published by john benjamins in 1992 . contributions by : w . pagliuca , j . l . bybee , k . carey , u . claudi , d . cyr , r . epstein , j . haiman , b . heine , p . j . hopper , p . kilroe , t . ohori , j . c . paolillo , j . rubba , d . i . slobin . dissertations goad , h . on the configuration of height features ( 1993 ) halmari , h . a government approach to finnish - english intrasentential code - switching ( 1994 ) for more information , please contact us by e-mail gsil @ scf . usc . edu , or by fax : 213-740 - 9306 department of linguistics , university of southern california , los angeles , ca 90089-1693 u . s . a . a complete list of available dissertations can be accessed through the linguist listserv
  """",0
  857,""""Subject: 
   
   lang planning davis , kathryn anne language planning in multilingual contexts . policies , communities and schools in luxembourg john benjamins 1994 xix , 220 pp . ling theory cloth us : 1 55619 539 7 / eur : 90 272 4111 2 us $ 45 . 00 / hfl . 80 , - - this volume examines the sociocultural factors that influence language choices and uses in the multilingual country of luxembourg . patterns of language use within and across communities are viewed in terms of interrelationships among language policy intent , implementation and experience . also studied is the difference between reality and expectation for both individual and government goals . a history of past language policies and practices sets the background for recent policy formation and current language uses and values . xvi , 220 pp . 1-55619 - 539 - 7 $ 45 . 00 hb studies in bilingualism , 8 pb 1-55619 - 636 - 9 $ 37 . 95 paulston , christina bratt linguistic minorities in multilingual settings . implications for language policies john benjamins 1994 xi , 139 pp . lang planning cloth : us : 1 55619 347 5 / eur : 90 272 4104 x us $ 39 . 00 / hfl . 75 , - - paper : us : 1 55619 540 0 / eur : 90 272 4112 0 us $ 19 . 95 / hfl . 40 , - - paulston presents an analytical framework for explaining and predicting the language behavior of social groups as such behavior relates to linguistic policies for minority groups . she argues that there are a number of factors to be considered in the understanding and establishment of language policies for such groups . 1 . the social context of language problems ; 2 . the linguistic consequences for social groups in contact will vary depending on the focus of social mobilization , i . e . ethnicity or nationalism ; and 3 . identifying the salient factors which contribute to language maintenance and shift , i . e . what are the conditions . the book is a vital help to educational policies and successful language planning in general . pidgins & creoles kihm , alain . kriyol syntax . the portuguese-based creole language of guinea-bissau . john benjamins 1994 xii , 310 pp . pidgins & creoles cloth : us : 1 55619 168 5 / eur : 90 272 5235 1 us $ 70 . 00 / hfl . 135 , - - this book describes the portuguese - based creole which is widely spoken as a first language in guinea - bissau . the study focuses on one variety , ' central kriyol ' , and aims to present a complete description of the grammar of the language . the theoretical framework for the syntactic analysis is purposely eclectic but relies primarily on generalized phrase structure grammar . lang acquisition lakshmanan , usha . universal grammar in child second language acquisition . null subjects and morphological uniformity . john benjamins 1994 x , 166 pp . language acquisition cloth : us : 1-55619 247 9 / eur : 90 272 xxx x us $ 35 . 00 / hfl . xx , - - this book examines child second language acquisition within the principles and parameters framework of linguistic theory . its focus is the null subject phenomenon , a property that has received considerable attention within linguistic theory and linguistic acquisition . it takes a current theory of null subjects , namely the morphological uniformity principle , and investigates the extent to which its predictions are supported in the context of child second language grammar . the book demonstrates the value of child second language acquisition data in evaluating specific proposals within linguistic theory for a universal principle and thus contributes to the growing body of research on the role of universal grammar in second language acquisition . bilingual first language acquisition french and german grammatical development j \ rgen m . meisel ( ed . ) ( university of hamburg ) the contributions in this volume are based on an analysis of data from bilingual children acquiring french and german simultaneously . the papers focus on the development of specific grammatical phenomena ; explanations are given within the framework of the principles and parameter approach . the study is primarily concerned with the acquisition of so-called ' functional categories ' and the consequences of their acquisition for the development of grammar the basic hypothesis underlying this study is that early child grammars consist only of lexical categories and that functional categories are implemented later in the child 's grammar . how this happens exactly is the central issue explored in this book . language acquisition and language disorders , 7 vi , 280 pp . hb 1-55619 - 242 - 8 $ 70 . 00
  """",0
  858,""""Subject: 
   
   functional & systemic ling verhoeven , ludo . functional literacy . theoretical issues and educational implications . john benjamins 1994 viii , 493 pp . linguistics cloth : us : 1 55619 316 5 / eur : 90 272 1791 2 us $ 85 . 00 / hfl . 150 , - - paper : us : 1 55619 317 3 / eur : 90 272 1792 0 us $ 29 . 95 / hfl . 60 , - - the volume has four parts : i . the construct of functional literacy , ii . literacy and development , iii . attaining literacy in developing countries , and iv . attaining literacy in industrial societies . contributions were originally presented at an international conference in tilburg , october 1991 , and are by : l . verhoeven , h . j . graff , c . blanche - benveniste , l . noordman & w . vonk , b . street , k . levine , d . r . olson , p . bertelson & b . de gelder , p . leseman , d . barton , e . ferreiro , n . hornberger , m . van der westen , c . j . daswani , j . yambi , f . coulmas , c . doets , c . pontecorvo , a . van der leij , d . bouwhuis & h . bunt , w . loxley , l . dubbeldam , j . hammond & p . freebody , j . ooijens , d . wagner . the prague school of structural and functional linguistics philip luelsdorff ( ed . ) ( university of regensburg ) the importance of the prague school for the rise of structuralism and for integration of the theoretical linguistics of today can hardly be overestimated . the volume brings together 13 papers showing the main results of the research of the prague school and of its continuation in the domains of phonemics and written language , morphemics and word formation , lexicon , syntax and semantics , text structures , stylistics and typology . the authors all actively contributed to the domain they are treating here . linguistic and literary studies in eastern europe , 41 ca . vi , 384 pp . + index hb 1-55619 - 266 - 5 $ 175 . 00 luelsdorff , philip a . , jarmila paneuova & peter sgall ( eds . ) . praguiana 1945-1990 . john benjamins 1994 x , 240 pp . + index eastern european ling . cloth us : 1 55619 265 7 / eur : 90 272 1549 9 us $ 75 . 00 / hfl . 135 , - - the aim of this volume is to witness how the activities of the prague school have continued to bring important new insights and discussions between the 1940s and the present time . contributions are included which have escaped attention on an international scale because they were published in czech ; several papers have been written especially for this volume . the contributions cover various domains : syntax , morphology , sociolinguistics , graphemics , the language system , the lexicon , and contrastive linguistics . contributions by : e . pauliny , m . dokulil and f dane , r . trost , v . skalicka , j . ruzicka , f . miko , o . leska , j . vachek , j . horeck } , v . blanar , p . sgall , v . barnet , v . barnetova .
  """",0
  859,""""Subject: 
   
   language and linguistics in melanesia , journal of the linguistic society of papua new guinea and the society on pidgins and creoles in melanesia edited by : j . m . clifton """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" contents : volume 25 , no . 1 ( april 1994 ) britten arsjo """""""" topic in ama discourse terry crowley practical issues in bislama lexicography gunter senft spatial reference in kilivila : the tinkertoy matching games - a case study john lynch on the origin of tok pisin _ na _ gunter senft grammaticalisation of body - part terms in kilivila """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" """""""" contents : volume 25 , no . 2 ( october 1994 ) john m clifton stable multilingualism in a small language group : the case of kaki ae dorothy j . james word tone in a papuan language : an autosegmental solution john nystrom three transitivity markers in arop - sissano william staley theoretical implications of olo verb reduplication * * * subscription rates : regular us $ 20 / aus $ 25 ; institutions us $ 35 / aus $ 42 ; send checks to : the secretary , linguistic society of papua new guinea , po box 418 , ukarumpa via lae , papua new guinea .
  """",0
  860,""""Subject: nels dates , at last !
   
   we are pleased to announce the date for nels 1995 , to be hosted jointly by harvard university and mit . the conference will be held from october 27-30 in locations on both campuses . in addition to the usual weekend talks , there will be monday workshops on indo - european and language processing . thanks to all those who sent us their scheduling plans for conferences next fall . we did our best to minimize conflicts . the bu conference on language acquisition will be held the next weekend , followed a week later by the comparative germanic syntax workshop to be held at rutgers . we look forward to what is sure to be a series of lively conferences in this part of the country . more information and a call for papers will be appearing soon . dianne jonas , harvard jonas @ husc . harvard . edu martha jo mcginnis , mit marthajo @ mit . edu
  """",0
  861,""""Subject: urgent ! """""""" lehrstuhl fuer allgemeine sprachwissenschaft """""""" vacancy
   
   urgent ! ! please do not send in applications yet . the official period for application has not yet begun . it is expected to begin mid - january and end about six weeks later . we will keep you informed . sincerely henriette visser
  """",0
  862,""""Subject: languaes et grammaire 2 , modified dates
   
   langues et grammaire 2 universite paris 8 important modification important modification important modification . . . . . . . due to unexpected problems with the administration the langues et grammaire 2 conference had to be reschedulled for june 8 - 9-10 instead of may 25-27 . the abstract deadline is extended to february 20 the organising committee anne fleichman - lea nash - georges tsoulas
  """",0
  863,""""Subject: bisfai ' 95 call for papers - - second announcement
   
   * * * * * * call for papers - - second announcement * * * * * * bisfai ' 95 the fourth bar - ilan symposium on foundations of artificial intelligence focusing on natural languages and artificial intelligence philosophical and computational aspects commemorating the scientific works of yehoshua bar - hillel ( 1915-1975 ) june 20-22 , 1995 ramat - gan and jerusalem , israel organized by bar - ilan university , ramat - gan and hebrew university , jerusalem in cooperation with american association for artificial intelligence israel association for artificial intelligence the association for mathematics of language israeli association for theoretical linguistics the symposium will focus on natural language in artificial intelligence but will retain its broad scope , and welcomes high quality research papers in various areas of artificial intelligence , including machine learning , automated reasoning , knowledge representation , neural nets , etc . distinguished invited speakers ( include ) : - - robert berwick ( mit ) - - aravind joshi ( upenn ) - - hans kamp ( stuttgart university ) - - sergei nirenburg ( nmsu ) - - naftaly tishby ( hebrew university ) - - hans uszkoreit ( saarlandes university ) paper submission : submit three copies of extended abstract ( 4-10 pages ) , or full paper , by 1st february 1995 , to : dr . moshe koppel , dept of mathematics and computer science , bar - ilan university , ramat - gan , 52900 , israel . e - mail : koppel @ bimacs . cs . biu . ac . il authors will be notified of acceptance by 20th march 1995 . a final version of the accepted papers will be published in a proceedings volume . information on registration , accommodations , etc . , will appear in future announcements , or contact : bisfai @ bimacs . cs . biu . ac . il symposium chair m . golumbic ( bar - ilan u . ) program co - chairs e . shamir ( hebrew u . ) m . koppel ( bar - ilan u . ) program committee e . shamir ( hebrew u . ) m . koppel ( bar - ilan u . ) y . choueka ( bar - ilan u . ) i . dagan ( bar - ilan u . ) e . doron ( hebrew u . ) m . elhadad ( ben gurion u . ) n . francez ( technion ) d . gabbay ( imperial college ) b . grosz ( harvard u . ) a . kasher ( tel - aviv u . ) s . kraus ( bar - ilan u . ) d . lehmann ( hebrew u . ) l . manevitz ( haifa u . ) j . pearl ( u . c . l . a . ) d . radzinski ( tovna ltd . ) m . richter ( u . kaiserslautern ) w . savitch ( u . c . s . d . ) o . stock ( irst , italy ) s . ullman ( weizmann inst . ) organizing chair a . frank ( bar - ilan u . ) organizing committee i . dagan ( bar - ilan u . ) r . cohen ( hebrew u . ) m . fisch ( tel - aviv u . ) ariel j . frank deputy chairperson , dept . of mathematics and computer science bar ilan university , ramat gan , israel 52900 tel : ( 972 - 3 - ) 5318407 / 8 , fax : ( 972 - 3 - ) 5353325 amix ( israeli unix user group ) former chairperson tel : ( 972 - 3 - ) 715770 / 2 , fax : ( 972 - 3 - ) 5744374 bitnet : ariel @ bimacs ( also f68388 @ barilan ) internet : ariel @ bimacs . cs . biu . ac . il
  """",0
  864,""""Subject: could of
   
   i have been following the recent discussion of ` would of ' with interest , as i am writing my dissertation on the grammaticalization of ` wouldve ' / ` couldve ' / ` shouldve ' ( i . e . modal + ` have ' + pastparticiple constructions ) . [ for those unfamiliar with the term , grammaticalization is , approximately , a type of gradual reanalysis that turns material that used to be more independent and lexical into material that is more dependent and grammatical . ] i ' ve noticed that the discussion has focused on pronunciation and spelling as indicators of """""""" native speaker intuitions . """""""" another approach is to look at syntax . many speakers consider what wouldve you done ? pretty close to acceptable ( though of course many other speakers completely reject this ) . then there are also sentences like ( both heard on npr in the past week ) they never asked the right questions when they shouldve have . ( orangecounty ) or if this incident had occurred a year ago , i wouldve had been more concerned about it . ( helicopter in n . korea ) for now i will make a couple of points of my own , and next time i will respond to some previous postings , esp . frits stuurman 's queries . 1 ) syntactic data like these can tell us what speakers feel belong together . is the / @ v / a verb ? a preposition ? this data does n't answer those questions , but does tell us that ` wouldve ' is being interpreted as a unit that behaves like an auxiliary verb . 2 ) intuition data can be supplemented with corpus data and experimental data . for instance , in pilot elicited imitation experiments where subjects try to repeat exactly what the stimulus tape says , i am finding that modal + adverb + have sequences are much more often repeated as modal + have + adv , than modal + have + adv sequences are repeated as modal + adverb + have . this is another way to show that ` have ' ( often pronounced / @ v / or / @ / ) is , for some speakers , dependent on the modal . as for corpus research , i have diachronic data suggesting a historical trend in this direction . i am also working on comparing synchronic spoken vs . written data . 3 ) as part of my dissertation , i ' ve been planning to get """""""" expansions """""""" of contracted forms , like what tom cravens described , and i am getting subjects from age 4 on up to as old as i can find . so hopefully in a few months i ' ll have some systematic data to answer some of the questions that people have raised . by the way : does anyone have a good name for this type of construction ? the best i ' ve been able to come up with so far is """""""" past counterfactual """""""" , but i 'd prefer a name with a more syntactic , less semantic , sense . joyce tang boyland ( jtang @ cogsci . berkeley . edu ) institute of cognitive studies , uc berkeley
  """",0
  865,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1459 native speaker intuition
   
   after what i said last time about """""""" of """""""" in """""""" could of """""""" etc . , i have to think about why the six year-old said """""""" could of """""""" was a """""""" long """""""" way to say """""""" coulda ( ? ) """""""" it 's clear she does n't see """""""" have """""""" in """""""" coulda """""""" , and that leads to other questions about whether the relationship between the verb """""""" have """""""" and the last syllable in """""""" coulda / v """""""" etc is anything more than graphic and literate itself at this point in time . note that the big clue , the participle after """""""" have """""""" is losing reliability thru ever-spreading merger of participles and pasts in english , e . g , """""""" could of went """""""" / """""""" i ' ve went """""""" . only """""""" been """""""" is a true-blue participle through thick and thin . but it is probably not sufficient to allow six year-olds ( or maybe anybody else for that matter ) to recognise that the """""""" of """""""" in """""""" coulda """""""" is """""""" have """""""" . if this is so , then have / of only alternate ( as a function of stress ) when there is no modal . the other part of the question concerns the association of """""""" of """""""" from """""""" have """""""" with """""""" of """""""" ( from """""""" off """""""" ) . it still seems to me , the little girl gave no indication that she saw """""""" could of """""""" as containing the word """""""" of """""""" , though it would be interesting to know what she thinks a word is . are homophones the same word , for example . """""""" of """""""" is """""""" longer """""""" than """""""" a """""""" in any case . i think that was the question she was asked . i ' m afraid to look now , because i ' ll lose this stimulating posting . . . . if she insists that the """""""" of """""""" in """""""" could-of """""""" is indeed the same word , i 'd be interested in her explanation for why she thinks so . alexis might also be interested in such an explanation for his folk etymology collection . benji
  """",0
  866,""""Subject: could of
   
   tom cravens has hit the nail on the head . why should """""""" could ' ve """""""" expand , with emphasis on the second element , to """""""" could of """""""" , with the same pronunc - iation as of rather than have ? i wonder if the model of to is relevant ? looks like a preposition ( cf of ) , but very verb-like when used before an infinitive ( e . g . negated by preceding not , never etc . : """""""" it 's important never to tell lies """""""" ) , and has two forms , weak and strong . also it 's interesting that you never get of for have in tensed verbs - as others have pointed out , it 's only used after modals ; same is true of of , of course [ sorry for the of 's ! ] . notice incidentally that the """""""" of """""""" in """""""" could of """""""" can't be the preposition """""""" of """""""" because the latter has to have a complement , whereas the one after """""""" could of """""""" ( i . e . the past participle ) can be elided : """""""" i could of . """""""" dick hudson dept of phonetics and linguistics , university college london , gower street , london wc1e 6bt uclyrah @ ucl . ac . uk
  """",0
  867,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1467 qs : metaling
   
   ther term """""""" metalinguistics """""""" comes from benjamin lee whorf . see his books """""""" collecteed papers of metalinguistics """""""" ( washington , 1952 ) , """""""" four lectures on metalinguistics """""""" ( washington , 1952 ) , """""""" language , thought , and reality """""""" ( new york , 1956 ) . whorf defines this branch of science as studying the relations between the language and related phenomena such as thought , society and culture . so , it includes such fields as psycho - , socio - , ethno - , neuro . . . linguistics . the other source is g . l . trager 's article """""""" the field of linguistics """""""" ( studies in linguistic . occasional papers . i """""""" . oclahoma , 1949 ) , but in a slight different sense . e . hamp criticised trager for using the term """""""" metalinguistics """""""" for the field that is usually called """""""" semantics """""""" ( see : e . hamp , """""""" the glossary of american linguistic technical use """""""" , the article called """""""" metalinguistis """""""" ) . this is really an americanism . in saussurean tradition the term """""""" external linguistics """""""" is preferred , as opposed to the """""""" internal linguistics """""""" ( = whorf 's """""""" microlinguistics """""""" ) . the corresponding adjective sounds like """""""" extralinguistic """""""" . because of that i prefer to call this branch not """""""" metalinguistics """""""" but """""""" extralinguistics """""""" ! but there is another meaning of the term """""""" metalinguistics """""""" . it is derived from the """""""" metalanguage """""""" ( a logical notion that comes from husserl , russel , tarski , carnap ) . that is , metalinguistics in this sense is defined as """""""" the studying of metalanguages """""""" . i prefer to use the word """""""" metalinguistics """""""" in this sense . ) from the hamp 's critique one can deduc e that he likes this logical tradition , too . but i am not sure who was the first . with best regards , sergej a . krylov ursula doleschal & sergej krylov institut f . slawische sprachen wirtschaftsuniv . wien augasse 9 , 1090 wien tel . : + + 43 - 1-31336 4115 fax : + + 43 - 1-31336 744
  """",0
  868,""""Subject: computers and teaching in the humanities
   
   conference announcement cath ' 95 computers and teaching in the humanities , ' computers and the changing curriculum ' stop press early booking fee held until 1st august the seventh in the series of cath conferences is being held at royal holloway , university of london from 5thp7th september 1995 . the conference is being organized by the office for humanities communication and the cti centre for textual studies at the university of oxford , and the centre for computing in the arts , royal holloway . the royal holloway campus , which , although only 17 miles from the centre of london is situated in 100 acres of surrey countryside at egham . full conference package prices including accommodation range from 195 pounds without private facilities to 221 pounds with ' ensuite facilities ' . prices rise by 25 pounds on 1st august . final registration date , 15th august . details of the conference including a draft programme can be found at the following web page ( url : http : / / sable . ox . ac . uk / ~ ctitext2 / service / cath . html ) for a registration form and any queries about the programme please contact : office for humanities communication , oxford university computing services , 13 banbury road , oxford ox2 6nn tel : 01225 866962 email : cath95 @ oucs . ox . ac . uk
  """",0
  869,""""Subject: summary : sri lanka
   
   a few weeks ago i asked the following question : > could somebody please tell me how sri lanka is written and > pronounced in spanish ? is the pronunciation uniform across latin > america ? my reason for asking was that one of my students , a peruvian , told me it was pronounced / esrilanka / . yet i seemed to recall that a mexican had once told me it was / sirlanka / . as you will see below , i was wrong but only partly . here are the responses i received : en reponse a ton mail sur la prononciation de sri lanka en espagnol , je peux dire qu ' en amerique du sud ( chili , argentine ) , on prononce et on ecrit siri lanka . my latin american friends tell me ' sri lanka ' is pronounced just as one would expect : sri lanka ( with the dental-alveolar [ r ] and the velar nasal . ) they say it is spelled as you have spelled it . en respuesta a su pregunta sobre la escritura y la pronunciacion de sri lanka en espanol , le puedo decir lo siguiente : en cuanto a la escritura , si no me equivoco , se mantiene el original sri lanka . sin embargo , en cuanto a la pronunciacion , existe la tendencia general a intercalar una i de apoyo entre la s y la r : [ siri ] . ello no excluye que ciertos individuos , considerandose mas """""""" cultos """""""" y mas """""""" sabios """""""" , hagan el esfuerzo de pronunciar [ sri ] . esfuerzo que rompe con la tendencia del espanol de evitar toda s liquida . esfuerzo , por consiguiente , considerado """""""" no natural """""""" . con respecto a la pronunciacion en latinoamerica , no puedo decirle gran cosa . pero imagino que tambien se ha generalizado la tendecia fonetica a intercalar la vocal i . i pronounce it [ ezri ' la ' nka ] , r = trill , n = velar nasal in normal speech . in rapid speech the [ z ] assimilates to the following rhotic producing a sound of intermediate quality ( this assimilation is a well known fact of spanish phonetics in nonaspirating dialects described , for instance , in navarro tomas ' standard manual ) . in slow speech [ esri ' ] , without voicing . i am from spain . in aspirating dialects , it is [ ehri ' ] ~ [ eri ' ] . i am from seville ( spain ) . i write the name of the country as sri lanka . and i pronounce it / sri lanka / . ( i might also pronounce it as / esri lanka / ; but this is due to the fact that we do n't like sequences / sc / as onsets of words . you may have already realized that if you have listened to spanish people speaking english . many of the them would say / espein / instead of / spein / ) . in argentina sri lanka is pronounced : [ siri lanka ] . the [ r ] sound is according to ipa : is a post-dental percusive sound . the [ n ] is velar . i just called my daughter who is a writer at la jornada , a local newspaper . she works in the economics section . she said that their spelling is just like english , although she supposes that some """""""" purist """""""" publications probably change the k for a c . she wrote sri lanka on a piece of paper and asked the 5 people who were in the office to pronounce it . she confirmed my own suspicion that people pronounce it as if it were in spanish - - two of them with a rather marked e at the beginning , which is what spanish phonology would require with st - , for instance . the rest of us tend to sonorize the s - , but that would be expected in mexican spanish anyway . so , her conclusion ( and mine - - we ' re both speakers of spanish as a 1st lang ) is that it 's pronounced """""""" normally . """""""" she has worked with a number of argentine journalists and never noticed that they did anything worth noting , which means that they probably pronounce it just about the same . from : in % """""""" penaja @ wkuvx1 . wku . edu """""""" juan antonio pena as far as spelling , sri lanka is the spanish orthography for this asian country . as far as phonetics , the only thing worth noting is that we insert an ' e ' [ e ] sound at the beginning of the word sri . spanish does this with all words beginning s + any stop consonant . in spain , the name of the state is written as in english : sri lanka ( the geographical name of the island is ceilan - - with an accent on the ' a ' ) . the pronunciation ( in tv and broadcasting ) varies : some people says [ sri ' lanka ] , some others [ esri ' lanka ] ( r stands for the multiple trill of - rr - in spanish , the same sound as in perro ) . hear in spain we use to pronounce the name of the old island of ceilan in two different ways . the most common pronunciation is [ esrri lan , ka ] ( i use double r for the spanish hard r and [ n , ] for the velarized nasal sound ) . there is another pronunciation , not so common as the former : [ siri lan , ka ] . i do not know the origin of this one . so there you have it . my impression is that / esrilanka / is more common in spain , and / sirilanka / more prevalent in south america , but this is obviously not absolute . many thanks to all those who responded . marc picard
  """",0
  870,""""Subject: linguistics association of great britain
   
   linguistics association of great britain the 1995 autumn meeting will be held from monday 18 september to wednesday 20 september at the university of essex , where the association will be the guests of the department of language and linguistics . enquiries and bookings ( by 25 august ) should be sent to : lagb 1995 , david britain and stella markantonatou , department of language and linguistics , university of essex , colchester , essex , great britain co4 3sq . events : the henry sweet lecture 1995 on the monday evening will be delivered by professor edwin williams ( princeton ) , and is entitled """""""" focus and anaphoric destressing """""""" . there will also be a special guest lecture by professor greg stump ( kentucky ) , entitled """""""" the autonomy of morphomic indexing """""""" . professor williams will also be participating in a workshop on the topic of ellipsis , focus and anaphora , on the monday afternoon . the workshop is organised by david adger ( york ) ; other contributors are caroline heycock ( edinburgh ) , ruth kempson , ( soas ) and wynn chao ( soas ) . there will be a language tutorial on the australian language kayardild ( note change of language ) , given by dr nicholas evans ( melbourne ) . kayardild is a tangkic language of bentinck island , north west queensland , and the two sessions will aim to cover the main features of the grammar , exemplified as far as possible through study of a traditional text . after situating the language sociolinguistically , most of the tutorial will deal with morphosyntactic features of typological interest , in particular with its complex and unusual nominal morphology : the use of ' modal case ' to signal mood and tense categories on nps within the vp ; a further use of ' complementizing case ' , marked on every word of a clause , to show interclausal relations , and the phenomenon of case stacking that leads to nouns inflecting for up to four cases , forcing morphological representations to have ( finitely ) recursive case features . a final feature of nominal case morphology is the presence of a subset of case suffixes , known to tangkicists as ' verbal case ' , which , though demonstrably an inflectional category , converts the morphological class of its host from nominal to verb , thus posing problems to the view that inflections never change word class . internet home page : the lagb internet home page is now active at the following address : http : / / clwww . essex . ac . uk / lagb . electronic network : please join the lagb electronic network which is used for disseminating lagb information and for consulting members quickly . it can be subscribed to by sending the message """""""" add lagb """""""" to : listserv @ postman . essex . ac . uk . programme : monday 18 september 1995 2 . 00 workshop : """""""" ellipsis , focus and anaphora """""""" organised by david adger ( york ) ; participants : edwin williams ( princeton ) , caroline heycock ( edinburgh ) , ruth kempson , ( soas ) , wynn chao ( soas ) . 7 . 45 henry sweet lecture 1995 : edwin williams ( princeton ) tuesday 19 september 1995 session a 9 . 00 j . m . de wind ( amsterdam ) """""""" inverted subjects in french , nominative case - checking and expletive pro in antisymmetric minimalism """""""" 9 . 40 anna pettiward ( soas ) """""""" agreement & optionality in french : a conflicting account """""""" 10 . 20 alison henry ( university of ulster at jordanstown ) """""""" dialect variation and minimalist syntax """""""" session b 9 . 00 richard breheny ( ucl ) """""""" revisions in relevance theory and enrichment """""""" 9 . 40 vladimir zegarac ( middlesex ) """""""" three connectives in serbo - croat """""""" 10 . 20 anna papafragou ( ucl ) """""""" the comprehension of metonymy """""""" session c 9 . 00 andrew spencer ( essex ) """""""" agreement morphology is morphology """""""" 9 . 40 lynne j cahill & gerald gazdar ( sussex ) """""""" from syllable to inflection in german """""""" 10 . 20 andrew hippisley ( surrey ) """""""" russian lexeme formation : a lexeme-based approach to derivational morphology in datr """""""" session a 11 . 30 helge lodrup ( oslo ) """""""" norwegian resultatives , unaccusativity , and lexical mapping theory """""""" 12 . 10 corinne cortes ( barcelona ) """""""" the unaccusative hypothesis and the syntax - lexical semantics interface """""""" session b 11 . 30 marjolein groefsema ( hertfordshire ) """""""" processing for relevance """""""" 12 . 10 mark durrant - peatfield & william marslen - wilson """""""" the role of the discourse representation in immediate zero anaphor resolution """""""" session c 11 . 30 victoria c . mueller gathercole ( bangor / florida ) """""""" the acquisition of the mass / count distinction by bilingual vs . monolingual children """""""" 12 . 10 greville g . corbett and marianne mithun ( surrey and university of california , santa barbara ) """""""" associative forms in central alaskan yup ' ik : implications for the typology of number systems """""""" session a 2 . 00 richard hudson ( ucl ) """""""" syntactic complexity """""""" 2 . 40 josef taglicht ( the hebrew university of jerusalem ) """""""" syntactic constraints on intonational phrasing in english """""""" 3 . 20 dimitra kolliakou ( edinburgh ) """""""" possessives and pseudo - possessives : an hpsg account """""""" session b 2 . 00 hussein m . al - ageli ( essex ) """""""" optimally degenerate : super heavy syllables in msa """""""" 2 . 40 zaharani ahmad ( essex ) """""""" optimality and malay vowel sequences """""""" 3 . 20 kuniya nasukawa ( tohoku gakuin ) """""""" melodic structure and no constraint-ranking in japanese verbal inflexion """""""" session c 2 . 00 maggie tallerman ( durham ) """""""" the middle welsh ' historic infinitive ' """""""" 2 . 40 najib jarad ( bangor / aleppo ) """""""" the rise of """""""" for """""""" in middle english to - infinitives """""""" 3 . 20 m . siobh n cottell ( bangor ) """""""" predication in copular and cleft constructions in modern irish """""""" 4 . 30 lagb business meeting 5 . 30 special guest lecture greg stump ( kentucky ) """""""" the autonomy of morphomic indexing """""""" 7 . 45 language tutorial : kayardild nicholas evans ( melbourne ) wednesday 20 september 1995 session a 9 . 00 peter sells ( stanford ) """""""" ' subject ' raising in the philippine languages """""""" 9 . 40 jim miller ( edinburgh ) """""""" the english perfect and specific time adverbs """""""" session b 9 . 00 bruce l . peng ( singapore ) """""""" a rule - based analysis of nasal harmony """""""" 9 . 40 ann denwood ( london ) """""""" khalkha - mongolian - vowel harmony or head alignment """""""" 10 . 20 phillip backley and toyomi takahashi ( ucl and surugadai ) """""""" activate alpha : harmony without spreading """""""" session c 9 . 40 george j . xydopoulos ( ucl ) """""""" on aspect - sensitive adverbials in modern greek """""""" 10 . 20 inga kohlhof ( tuebingen ) """""""" the interaction of syntax and discourse reference in adverbial quantification in german """""""" session a 11 . 30 marga petter ( vrije universiteit amsterdam ) """""""" external authority theta - roles of deontic modals and their interference with control """""""" 12 . 10 miriam engelhardt ( the hebrew university ) """""""" control as predication """""""" session b 11 . 30 faisal al - mohanna ( essex ) """""""" on the role of extrametricality in stress systems """""""" 12 . 10 judith m . broadbent ( survey of english usage , ucl ) """""""" a reanalysis of certain consonant - vowel interactions in maltese arabic """""""" session c 11 . 30 akiko yoshimura ( osaka gakuin ) """""""" negative polarity in comparatives : the need for contrastive assumptions """""""" 12 . 10 michael t . wescoat ( osaka ) """""""" lexical sharing and english """""""" headless """""""" noun phrases """""""" 2 . 00 language tutorial : kayardild nicholas evans ( melbourne ) 4 . 00 tea and close booking form please return this form , with your remittance , by 25 august to : lagb 1995 , david britain and stella markantonatou , department of language and linguistics , university of essex , colchester , essex , great britain co4 3sq . please make cheques payable to """""""" university of essex """""""" . name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . name of your institution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . address for this mailing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . email address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i enclose remittance as indicated : either 1 . complete conference package ( a ) or ( b ) : ( a ) including monday lunch preceding workshop ( i ) if sent to arrive before 25 august 107-30 sterling . . . . . . . . . ( ii ) if sent to arrive after 25 august 119-22 sterling . . . . . . . . . . ( b ) excluding monday lunch ( i ) if sent to arrive before 25 august 99-83 sterling . . . . . . . . . . . . ( ii ) if sent to arrive after 25 august 110-92 sterling . . . . . . . . . . . . ( c ) surcharge for non-members , 5-00 sterling . . . . . . . . . . . . . total : or 2 . selected items ( a ) conference fee ( obligatory ) to cover cost of abstracts , tea and coffee , room bookings , speakers ' expenses etc . 15-00 sterling 15-00 ( b ) monday lunch 8-30 sterling ( c ) monday dinner 8-30 sterling ( d ) overnight stay monday / tuesday 25-63 sterling ( e ) tuesday breakfast 5-23 sterling ( f ) tuesday lunch 8-30 sterling ( g ) tuesday dinner 8-30 sterling ( h ) overnight stay tuesday / wednesday 25-63 sterling ( i ) wednesday breakfast 5-23 sterling ( j ) wednesday lunch 8-30 sterling sub - total : deduct 10 % if sent to arrive by 25 august : ( k ) surcharge for non-members , 5-00 sterling total : stlg or 3 . abstracts only , for those not attending . 4-00 sterling uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-00 sterling overseas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please indicate special requirements vegetarian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . parking permit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . other ( e . g . diet , accommodation , creche ) . . . . . . . . . . .
  """",0
  871,""""Subject: are most people bilingual ? - - summary
   
   a few days ago i inquired about estimates of what portion of the world 's human population is bilingual . one motive i had in asking was to be able to """""""" shame """""""" my students into taking their language study seriously . """""""" be a mainstream human being ! """""""" , i would exhort them . i thank michael brody , eva fernandez , jussi karlgren , and ruth kearns for their informative replies ( insofar as there is information to be had on this topic ) . see reference list below . the authors point out that one problem with this question is the difficulty of defining """""""" bilingual """""""" , since most people so described are not equally proficient in both languages . some key excerpts follow : romaine ( 1995 : 8 ) : """""""" there are about thirty times as many languages as there are countries . this entails ( sic ) the presence of bilingualism in practically every country of the world . grosjean ( 1982 : vii ) estimates that about half the world 's population is bilingual . there are , however , no really precise figures on the number and distribution of speakers of two or more languages . """""""" grosjean ( 1982 : 2 ) : """""""" it is an interesting fact that no really precise statistics exist concerning the number and distribution of speakers of two or more languages . """""""" romaine ( 1995 : 9 ) quotes makey ( 1967 : 11 ) : """""""" bilingualism , far from being exceptional , is a problem ( sic ) which affects the majority of the world 's population . """""""" grosjean ( 1982 : 2 ) quotes lewis ( 1976 : 115 ) : """""""" bilingualism has been ( , ) and is ( , ) nearer to the normal situation than most people are willing to believe . """""""" end of quotations . you may remember that i asked if there were any _ principled _ estimates , and , so far as i can tell , the authors say little about the bases or reasoning behind their estimates . ruth kearns points out that """""""" estimates tend to come from the statistics on numbers of languages spoken in various countries and statisitics of population size in those countries . """""""" for me , it remains a wide-open question . jussi karlgren expressed an interesting hunch , """""""" . . . that the number of languages spoken has an inverse correlation with the average schooling of the general population in the area . """""""" rather than take this as a sarcastic commentary on the inefficacy of formal language teaching , i have taken the liberty of rationalizing it as follows : schooling tends to impose artificially a single standard language to the detriment of a plurality of languages spoken """""""" naturally """""""" . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = references grosjean , francois . 1982 . life with two languages . cambridge : harvard university press . lewis , e . g . 1976 . bilingualism and bilingual education : the ancient world to the renaissance . in bilingual education : an international sociological perspective , ed . j . fishman . rowley , mass . : newbury house . mackey , william francis . 1967 . bilingualism as a world problem / le bilinguisme , phenomene mondial . montreal : harvest house . mackey , w . f . 1976 . bilinguisme et contact des langues . paris : klinckseick . romaine , suzanne . 1995 ( 2nd ed . ) . bilingualism . oxford : blackwell . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = lee hartman ga5123 @ siucvmb . siu . edu department of foreign languages southern illinois university carbondale , il 62901-4521 u . s . a .
  """",0
  872,""""Subject: fyi : umich phonetics training tools
   
   the university of michigan phonetics training tools is an ensemble of hypercard stacks designed to assist beginning students of phonetics in associating the symbols of the ipa , the sounds they represent , and the physiology underlying their production . the ptt """""""" skeleton """""""" currently available includes sound files , animated vocal tracts , and x - ray movies for each speech sound . audio - video resources can be accessed through an ipa - table interface or by manipulating a vocal tract on screen . also included are models for an ipa training game and a testing module , in which students are tested on their ability to associate ipa symbols , static vocal tract shapes , and physiological descriptions . there is a free demo copy available , containing the cartoon and x - ray for / p / , at the following url 's : http : / / www . umich . edu / ~ archive / linguistics / software / mac http : / / www . tmo . umich . edu / ling . html ( this is a cleaner , nicer url ) make sure to grab the readme file . if interested in the full version , send to um-ptt @ umich . edu
  """",0
  873,""""Subject: summary : japanese historical linguistics
   
   dear world , a while ago i asked for help in compiling a list of books and articles on japanese historical linguistics , written / published in english or german . i thank chris brockett < chrisbro @ halcyon . com > gerald b mathias < mathias @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu > nicholas ostler < nostler @ chibcha . demon . co . uk > timothy j . vance < tjvan @ conncoll . edu > alexander vovin < avvovin @ miamiu . acs . muohio . edu > for the references they sent me , and i apologise to everyone for releasing the summary later than i had promised . here it is : * * * ikeda , t . _ classical japanese grammar illustrated with texts _ . soka gakkai , 1975 . lange , roland . _ the phonology of eighth - century japanese _ . monumenta nipponica monographs . tokyo : sophia university , 1973 . lewin , bruno . [ a grammar of classical japanese in german - - av ] martin , samuel e . _ the japanese language through time _ . new haven and london : yale university press , 1987 . [ humongous . compendious . essential for anyone starting out . - - cb ] [ this book is an unparalleled achievement in proto - japanese reconstruction , and all current work in the field is mainly based on martin 's reconstruction . - - av ] [ has its own very thorough bibliography . - - gm ] miller , roy andrew . _ the japanese language _ . chicago : university of chicago press , 1967 . miller , roy andrew . _ japanese and the other altaic languages _ . chicago : university of chicago press , 1971 . sansom , george bailey . _ an historical grammar of japanese _ . oxford : clarendon press , 1928 . [ seriously outdated , but still useful . - - av ] serafim , leon a . _ shodon : the prehistory of a northern ryukyuan dialect of japanese _ . yale university dissertation , 1984 . shibatani , masayoshi . _ the languages of japan _ . cambridge : cambridge university press , 1990 . unger , j . marshall . ` studies in early japanese morphophonemics ' . in : _ indiana university linguistics club _ , bloomington , 1977 . [ reprint of yale university dissertation ; recently available in a revised edition ? - - cb ] vance , timothy j . ` on the origin of voicing alternation in japanese consonants ' . _ journal of the american oriental society _ 102 ( 1982 ) : 333-341 . wen ( c ) k , gunther . _ japanische phonologie _ . [ old but very valuable . - - cb ] whitman , john b . _ the phonological basis for the comparison of japanese and korean _ . phd , harvard university , 1985 . [ this is supposed to appear from the u of michigan press in the not too distant future . - - cb ] whitman , john b . ` a rule of medial - r - loss in pre - old japanese ' . in : philip baldi ( ed . ) , _ linguistic change and reconstruction methodology _ , berlin : mouton de gruyter , 1990 , 511-545 . [ this is * the * paper that shows how to do historical comparison between japanese and other languages . whitman 's evidence that - r - loss correlates with pitch accent in middle korean is the japanese linguist 's answer to verner 's law , demonstrating beyond all doubt the historical relationship between japanese and korean . - - cb ] - ` man , is that no terrible ? [ . . . ] ah wunner whit we should dae wi ye ? ' ivan a derzhanski ( iad @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk ) ( j stuart , _ auld testament tales _ ) * centre for cognitive science , 2 buccleuch place , edinburgh eh8 9lw , uk * cowan house e113 , pollock halls , 18 holyrood pk rd , edinburgh eh16 5bd , uk
  """",0
  874,""""Subject: language and legislation conference
   
   """""""" language legislation """""""" : an international conference organizers : dennis e . baron , english eyamba bokamba , division of english as an international language braj b . kachru , linguistics douglas a . kibbee , french dates : march 28-30 , 1996 . the university of illinois at urbana - champaign will host a conference on language legislation . a select group of invited speakers from around the world will address social issues such as community vs . individual rights , cultural survival , free trade and linguistic issues such as language and culture , language and power , bilingualism . language legislation and the concept of linguistic human rights have moved to the forefront of national and international news . in the united states , language legislation has taken the form of the national english language amendment , and a variety of state and local ordinances . in the us , legal solutions to perceived threats have quickly found their way to the courts , with appeals leading all the way to the united states supreme court . many other countries around the globe have erected legal barriers against the penetration of english or other languages perceived as threats . these laws often conflict with guarantees of individual human rights , such as the un charter or the d = e9claration des droits de l ' homme . in the realm of international law , language protection has colored debate on such issues as the general agreement on tariffs and trade ( gatt ) and has influenced the structure of international institutions like the european community and the united nations . for further information , contact : douglas a . kibbee language legislation conference department of french university of illinois 2090 foreign languages building / mc-158 707 south mathews avenue urbana il 61801 usa = 46ax : ( 1 ) ( 217 ) 244-2223 email : dkibbee @ ux1 . cso . uiuc . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dennis baron debaron @ uiuc . edu department of english office : 217-333 - 2392 university of illinois fax : 217-333 - 4321 608 south wright street home : 217-384 - 1683 urbana , illinois 61801
  """",0
  875,""""Subject: 4 . internationale arbeitstagung f r computereinsatz in der
   
   historischen sprachwissenschaft > from martinez ( martinez @ em . uni-frankfurt . d400 . de ) : http : / / www . rz . uni-frankfurt . de / home / ftp / pub / titus / public _ html / personal / e-wien 95 . html 4 . internationale arbeitstagung f r computereinsatzin der historischen sprachwissenschaft ort : wien ( sterreich ) / viena ( austria ) . zeit : september 15 . - 17 . 1995 setiembre . committee : h . eichner . adresse : institut f r sprachwissenschaft der universit t luegerring 1 , a-1010 wien tel . : + 43 - 1-40103 - 2318 fax : + 43 - 1-4039080 e-mail : heiner . eichner @ univie . ac . at die ziele der tagung sind wiederum : 1 . die allgemeine nutzbarmachung des computers f r zwecke des jeweiligen fachs ( spezieller schriften f r verschiedene sprachen , programme zur manipulation indogermanischer und anderer textcorpora usw . ) ; 2 . die koordination der fachspezifischen internationalen historischen textdatenbank titus ; 3 . die abkl rung rechtlicher fragen im zusammenhang der erfassung von texten in datenbanken ( copyright ) ; 4 . die auslotung der m glichkeit des einsatzes von grafikprogrammen ( z . b . bearbeitung von inschriftenfotos , automatisierung der pal ographie , hilfe bei textentzifferungen ) . call for papers : wir m chten alle interessenten bitten , uns m glichst umgehend , sp testens aber bis 10 . august , themen f r referate zu benennen ( redezeit ca . 20 minuten ) . anbei finden sie ein formblatt f r die anmeldung . senden sie es bitte ausgef llt bis sp testens 10 . august an das tagungssekretariat . eine teilnahmegeb hr von ats 100 , - wird bei tagungsbeginn eingehoben . zimmerreservierungen richten sie bitte ausschliealich mittels beiliegendem formular ( auch per fax m glich ) an das sterreichische verkehrsb ro . angemeldete teilnehmer erhalten ein weiteres rundschreiben mit angaben zum abhaltungsort und ablauf der tagung . mit freundlichen gr aen , an das institut f r sprachwissenschaft der universit t wien luegerring 1 a-1010 wien name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . adresse : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tel . , e-mail : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . referat : o ja o nein titel des referats : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . datum : . . . . . . . . . . unterschrift : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ende / fin
  """",0
  876,""""Subject: research studentship in phonetics
   
   ph . d . research studentship in phonetics at central lancashir university duration : 3 years funding : stlg 4910 plus allowances and fees ( under review ) topic : research in intonation joint project between linguistics , psychology and elec . engineering proposed area is """""""" alignment of f0 contours and syllable structure """""""" ; it will involve instrumental analysis of naturally occurring speech and also some perception experiments . applicants who would like to undertake a project with a different focus are encouraged to submit them . closing date 4th august for further information : contact c . d . smith @ uclan . ac . uk or a . wichmann @ uclan . ac . uk ( after 23rd july ) ( anne wichmann )
  """",0
  877,""""Subject: sum : word processors for linguists
   
   summary of question about numbered examples , etc . in word 2 for windows first of all i want to thank all those who showed me how to number examples in word and gave me other advice . secondly , i want to apologize for not mentioning that i was referring to windows programs , and not mac programs . most people who wrote figured that one out , probably from the version numbers . in what follows , my comments are in square brackets . this was the original question : > i am thinking of moving ( """""""" migrating """""""" ? ) from wordperfect 6 to ms word > 6 , which came bundled with my new computer , and would like to know if people > with similar experiences have anything of interest to say about such a move , > such as for example any good references to look into ( that are not too basic ; > the software did n't come with a reference manual , just the online manual ) . > > two specific questions : > > 1 ) numbered examples : wp can set up counters , which is how i dealt with > numbered examples . word does n't seem to have a similar > capability ? could that be possible ? how do people deal with automatic > numbering of examples in word ( as well as cross-references to examples ) ? > > 2 ) file manager : this is something where wp is better than word by a long > shot , but i understand there are add-ons for word out there . has anybody > heard of this ? > > 3 ) search software : while i ' m at it , i just got a message about a software > utility called powersearch , by commtech , which has powerful search mechanisms > and works in word or wordperfect ( there are two versions ) . has anyone had > any experience with this ? ( it is obtainable with ftp ) . windows vs . mac [ there are more than twice as much pcs out there than mac 's , but perhaps among linguists the percentages are more even . i ' m not ready to change though . i am quite happy with pcs thank you very much . ] you do n't say whether you ' re a mac or pc person , but the reviews of word 6 for mac were uniformly enormously negative : they actually ported woindows onto the mac ! since we mac users continually have to escape the really lousy windows imitations of things the mac does gracefully , we can't imaging why they did that ! the macuser review recommended nisuswritier as the word processor of choice now ( and if you are evern going to use alien scripts , there 's no substitute ) ; but you shluld also look at framemaker ( abvailable for lots of platforms , ioncluding windows ) ; it can number an idefinitely large number of different series , cross-refer between chapters that are separate files , etc . it only is n't woldscript - sensitive . ( version 4 . 0 . 4 was sort of , but was buggy , and in the just-released version 5 , they abancdoned it . ) wordperfect vs . word [ the advantage of wp for linguists is definitely the special characters it supports , though the special fonts that come with wp ( which are true type ) will work , i believe , with word , so word users can get a hold of these true type fonts from their wp user friends . ] i am in a similar situation : my new office computer came with microsoft office , which includes word . i toyed with the idea of switching from word perfect , but after a minimal amount of tinkering with word , i have about abandoned the idea . the main reason , for me , is that word perfect comes with a fairly extensive set of special characters , which i use a lot . they include several foreign alphabets , most of the ipa alphabet , characters for logical notation , and so forth . word , as far as i can tell , comes with hardly any of these . so i have about decided to erase office from my hard drive and install what i really use . numbered examples [ word can indeed number examples or anything at all . the terminology is a bit different though , which is why i was confused . in wp you set up counters , but in word you set up sequences . ] [ several people told me that they had gotten this to work , though they did n't all know how they did it . however , after they pointed me in the right direction , i was able to figure it out . ] you set up a counter by using the seq field ( look in your manual under fields ) . fields are somewhat like codes in wordperfect , they have links to things like counters ( chapter number , section , number ) or dates , file names , etc . one of the fields is seq . ( a ) chose : insert / field , click seq , which will give you a seq in the bottom window ; add """""""" ex / n """""""" to the right of the seq code in lower window , press return ( the ex is the name or identifier for the counter , the / n is to increase the number by 1 ) . the first time you do this a 1 will show up , the second a 2 , etc . ( you can set up more than one such counter / sequence by giving each sequence a diferent name an identifier ) ( there are many predefined sequences , e . g . { seq chapter } refers to chapter numbers . ) ( b ) you can create a macro , which then you can assign to a button or a key combination , which does : 1 ) choose a paragraph type you ' ve created which has the right margins , font size , etc . for your example paragraph ; and 2 ) right tab , ( , the stuff in ( a ) above , ) , left tab . ( c ) cross - referencing examples : very easy . first you have to create a bookmark for an example you want to cross-reference : a ) highlight the number created in ( a ) above ( along with the parentheses ) . b ) choose edit / bookmark , give the bookmark a name ( 40 characters ) , e . g . donkey _ sentence c ) when you want to refer to it , you type , e . g . , """""""" as we saw in example """""""" ; then you click insert / cross - reference , click bookmark , click the name of the bookmark , click insert . of course , many of these operations can be simplified with macros . there are many possibilities that i have n't mentioned . for instance , if you want to number the examples in ch . 3 in the format ( 3 . 1 ) , all you have to is before you insert the field for seq , you insert the field for the chapter . ] help on numbering in word 2 came from : numbering examples in dos : you are right , the automatic numbering of examples in word ( . 4 , . 5 & . 6 ) is inexistant which is a problem for linguists since we deal with a lot of examples in our text . if this can be of any interst for you i have found an excellent programm which allows me to do automatic numbering of examples as well as cross-references to examples in the text . the name of the program is renumber 1 . 2 and you can get it by writing to : jonathan mead ; 356 no . spaulding ave . ; los angele , ca ; usa 90036 or by e-mailing jonathan at : izzyt09 @ uclamvs i have been told that the fees for this programm are $ 15 . for student and $ 20 . for non student . [ i have used renumber in the past , and it works well . it is not as convenient as the features in word and wordperfect though . ] powerful searches if you are a mac user and are looking for super-sophisticated searching , try nisus which uses grep conventions and is the best going that i know of . regarding your 's earch ' question , there is a * lot * of stuff available out there , depending on the scope of your intended use . . . . if you ' re just going for personal use on 1 pc , you may want to look at eclipse find , not free , but only $ 99 , last time i looked . ( just my $ 0 . 02 ) . [ powersearch seems to be pretty nice . i downloaded it from simtel ( ftp oak . oakland . edu , cd simtel / win3 / winword ( or cd simtel / win3 / wpwin ) , and get the compressed binary file powersch . zip ( or searchwp . zip ) . unfortunatel this version has the powerful features locked , and to unlock them you have to send in $ 50 , which i have not done . the search possibilities seem pretty impressive . trees huge advantage if you would make use of it is that you can easily draw trees , using the integral drawing program ( from what people say , it sounds better than arboreal ) . i keep a little file of tree-parts . reference books [ i should say that the microsoft office professional cd-rom which came wih my computer does have all the manuals in it . af first , i was n't too excited about these electronic books , but now that i ' ve gotten used to the idea , it 's not so bad . ] books : i have borland 's running word 6 . it is fairly adequate . but it does not explain about styles and templates sufficiently , to my mind ( admittedly somewhat addled ) and it does not have enough information about long documents ( master documents ) . the index is useless , until you already know what you want to find out . the help system is extensive , though again it is sometimes hard to know what to ask it . depending on your learning style , you may be quite handicapped without a real manual , but happily there are commercial versions available at most bookstores """""""" prima visual learning guide for word 6 . 0 """""""" ( prima publishing , po box 1260bk rocklin , ca 95677 ) is an example . on the other hand , it is good to get used to the on-line help , because it 's always there . file managers what do you want to do ? delete files ? view files ? create directories ? windows file manager , while not the best option , offers much of this function , just a mouse click away . also , try word 's find file command ( under the file menu ) i was real happy when i figured out how to do this one : i knew you could look at a file in wp without opening it , but i was not sure how to do this in word : here 's how : from the file menu , choose find file . select the file whose contents you want to view . if you do n't see the file you are looking for , search for it : click on the search button , choose the drive and directory ( s ) you want to look in , make a wildcard filename ( like * . rev ) choose include subdirectories ( if you want to check your whole drive , etc ) , click on ok , and look at the list of files found . to preview the file , select preview in the view box ( still in the find file dialog box . then just click on the filename you want to look at , and you will see the first page on the screen . you can scroll through it to browse , you can delete , copy , open etc . by choosing the commands button . - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - jon aske home address : bates college 12 bardwell st . lewiston , maine 04240 , usa lewiston , maine 04240-6336 e-mail : jaske @ abacus . bates . edu - phone / fax : ( 207 ) 786-0589 - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = -
  """",0
  878,""""Subject: job at max planck institute for psycholinguistics
   
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - phd position at the max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen , the netherlands the max planck institute for psycholinguistics invites applications for a phd position in its language production research group . the dissertation work will concern an experimental investigation of semantic and morphophonological aspects of word production . the position will be available from 1st september 1995 . the duration of the appointment will be maximally three years . the salary will follow the guidelines of the max - planck gesellschaft . applicants should have a first degree ( bachelors or equivalent ) in psychology or linguistics . applications including a cv , a list of courses taken , and the names of two referents should be sent to : dr . ardi roelofs , max planck institute for psycholinguistics , p . o . box 310 , 6500 ah , nijmegen , the netherlands . tel : + 31-80 - 521320 . e - mail : ardi @ mpi . nl fax : + 31-80 - 521213 closing date for applications : three weeks after appearance of this advertisement .
  """",0
  879,""""Subject: sum : metathesis
   
   back in may i posted a query on both linguist and an-lang ( austronesian languages and linguistics ) asking for references on treatments of metathesis using recent phonological theory . i was mainly interested in synchronic metathesis of c / v type , which occurs pervasively in dawan ( w . timor ) which i was doing a bit of work on . this is a summary of responses on both lists , which came from : juliette blevins , bob blust , jim fox , beth hume , greg kinkley , john mccarthy , andy pawley , john stonham , mark taber , and aone van engelenhoven . it turns out that metathesis has come to play a fairly important role in recent discussions of morphological and phonological theory . also more and more examples of metathesis as a synchronic phenomenon have been coming to light in various language descriptions . austronesian languages have provoked considerable interest , with rotuman probably the best known ( e . g . besnier 1987 ) , letinese ( van engelenhoven ) and dawan ( steinhauer , tarno et al . ) becoming better known in the literature , and ( chuck and barabara grimes p . c . ) a number of other languages of eastern indonesia exhibiting varieties of metathesis waiting in the wings for examination by theoreticians ( e . g . christensen and christensen 1992 ; coward 1990 ; coward and coward to appear ; marshall 1991 ; steven 1990 ; taber and taber 1992 - references provided by mark taber ) . metathesis is a relatively rare phenomenon in natural language . in a climate where theoreticians are wanting more and more to let universal principles and constraints explain the output of grammars , it appears to contravene constraints that both phonologists and morphologists would like to impose on languages . an important change suggested in autosegmental theory which was designed to accommodate some crucial instances of metathesis without appealing to movement rules , was the segregation of c and v tiers , applied to rotuman in besnier ( 1987 ) . since then moves have been made to make constraints and their interplay the foundation of theory more directly , and the trend seems to be towards abandoning such devices as tier segregation , at least in optimality theory . in optimality theory , one of the constraints suggested is that segments should preserve their linear order ( linearity : mccarthy 1995 ) . obviously overridden in heavily metathesising languages like dawan . in approaches within optimality theory ( mccarthy , hume ) one principle can dominate another principle , and therefore override it . in c / v metathesising languages , under certain conditions a principle demanding ( morpheme - or word - ) final closed syllables dominates others which would achieve contrary effects , allowing metathesis to occur [ apologies for mangling complex arguments in an attempt at one-line summary ] . another problem raised by metathesis in the realm of morphology is noted by stonham ( 1994 : 141 - 2 ) : """""""" it defies the use of concatenative accounts of morphological effects . . . it has been called upon as a key example of the need for process - based morphology in such works as anderson ( 1983 , 1992 ) , janda ( 1984 ) and zwicky ( 1988 ) """""""" . stonham argues to the contrary that difficulties encountered by combinatorial morphology in handling metathesis do not show that the theory is inadequate or processes like movement rules are needed : rather the difficulties reflect the fact that metathesis does not occur as a grammatical marker . he reanalyses several instances of apparent grammatical metathesis as resulting from phonological processes . this approach looks promising , at least for dawan , where much of the metathesis looks as if it could be ultimately prosodically motivated , although i can't prove that right now . although blevins ( 1994 ) is more about such things as vowel length than metathesis directly , the approach , which emphasises looking at metathesis not as an isolated phenomenon , but in the context of a full prosodic analysis , is admirable . such analysis would need to take into account discourse conditioning too , as noted by mark taber for luang . references anderson , stephen r . ( 1983 ) rules as ' morphemes ' in a theory of inflection . in d . rood ed . proceedings of the 1983 mid - america linguistics conference . 3-21 . boulder : u colorado . anderson , stephen r . ( 1992 ) a - morphous morphology . cambridge university press . besnier , niko ( 1987 ) an autosegmental approach to metathesis in rotuman . lingua 73 : 201-223 . blevins , juliette ( 1994 ) the bimoraic foot in rotuman phonology and morphology . oceanic linguistics . 33 . 2 : 491-516 . christensen , john and sylvia ( 1992 ) kisar phonology . in : phonological studies in four languages of maluku . ed . by donald a . burquest and wyn d . laidig : 33-65 . dallas : the summer institute of linguistics . coward , david f . ( 1990 ) an introduction to the grammar of selaru . m . a . thesis . arlington : university of texas at arlington . coward , david f . , and naomi coward . ( in press ) a phonological sketch of the selaru language . to appear in pacific linguistics . hume , elizabeth ( 1995 ) a prosodic theory of metathesis . ms . ohio state university . hume , elizabeth ( in press ) beyond linear order : prosodic constraints and c / v metathesis . proceedings of flsm6 . indiana linguistics club . janda , richard ( 1984 ) why morphological metathesis rules are rare : on the possibilities of historical explanation in linguistics . bls . 10 : 87-103 . mccarthy , john ( 1989 ) linear order in phonological theory . linguistic inquiry 20 . 1 : 71-100 . mccarthy , john ( 1995 ) extensions of faithfulness : rotuman revisited . ms . marshall , craig ( 1991 ) a phonology of fordata . m . a . thesis . arlington : university of texas at arlington . mettler , toni and heidi ( ? ) phonological sketch of yamdena . working papers in indonesian language & culture 8 29 - 79 steinhauer , hein ( 1991 ) morphemic metathesis in dawanese ( timor ) . paper to 6th international conference on austronesian linguistics . steinhauer , hein ( 1994 ) [ ? title ] on metathesis in dawanese verbs , in : ger . p . reesink ed . topics in descriptive austronesian linguistics , semaian 11 , leiden : dep . of languages & cultures of s . e . asia & oceania : 130-158 . steven , lee anthony . 1990 . the phonology of roma , an austronesian language of eastern indonesia . m . a . thesis . arlington : university of texas at arlington . stonham , john ( 1994 ) combinatorial morphology . amsterdam : jon benjamins . taber , mark , and kathy taber . 1992-ms . a phonological sketch of the luang language . unpublished manuscript . tarno , wakidi , s . j . mboeik , p . sawardo , s . kushyaryanto ( 1989 ) tata bahasa dawan . proyek penelitan bahasa dan sastra indonesia dan derah nusa tenggara timur pusat pembinaan dan pengembangan bahasa departemen pendidikan dan kebudayaan . van der hulst , harry & aone van engelenhoven ( 1995 ) metathesis effects in tutukeian - letinese , in harry van der hulst & jeroen van de weijer eds . leiden in last , proceedings ( or papers ? ) of hilp 1 . the hague : holland academic graphics . zwicky , arnold ( 1988 ) morphological rules , operations and operation types . escol . 4 : 318-334 .
  """",0
  880,""""Subject: sum : a ( formerly ) productive morphological process ?
   
   about 3 weeks ago , i posted in linguist 6-954 a query regarding the status in current english of a compounding process , involving the use of a ` combining form ' ending in - o - , which had given us not only such ethnic / geograhical terms as ` anglo - saxon ' , ` afro - asiatic ' , and ` dano - norwegian ' but ` sociopolitical ' , ` socioeconomic ' , etc . i was prompted in this query by the recent replacement of the label ` afro - american ' by the fuller form ` african american ' and by the appearance in a new edition of a college textbook of the term ` european american ' to mean what i have long referred to as ` euro - american ' . the issue first came to my attention a few years ago through a column in the university of illinois newspaper , in which an undergraduate woman of african ancestry explicitly rejected the label ` black ' on the grounds that it is , technically , inaccurate ; the skins of the people in question are merely a darker shade of brown than those of europeans . having said this , she then went on to reject the label ` afro - american ' because she could n't find ` afro ' on a map . as a linguist , i naturally wondered if she was unaware of the general compounding process involved . then a few weeks ago at work i found that the authors of the above-mentioned textbook ( on sociology , if i remember correctly ) had meticulously replaced every instance of the label ` white ' in the previous edition with the expression ` european - american ' . i began wondering if i was seeing a trend . first of all , i would like to thank the following respondents : lynne cahill < lynneca @ cogs . susx . ac . uk > lee hartman < ga5123 @ siucvmb . siu . edu > larry horn < lhorn @ yalevm . cis . yale . edu > james kirchner < jpkirchner @ aol . com > kevin lemoine < lemoine @ mail . utexas . edu > the general consensus seems to be that the ascendency of the full expression ` african - american ' can be dated to a speech by the rev . jesse jackson in the late 80 's . to quote lee hartman : ` i think the entire """""""" phenomenon """""""" can be attributed to a single individual , and with alittle research we could even determine the precise date when he made his announcement . this is a textbook case of """""""" pristine """""""" etymology ( where the historical events giving rise to a word are still alive in the memories of living witnesses ) . ` i ' m referring to an announcement made by jackson to the effect that he felt the term """""""" black """""""" had too many negative connotations , and that he wanted to institute a more dignified term for americans descended from africans . ` i think jackson said explicitly that he briefly considered the term """""""" afro - american """""""" , but he rejected it on the grounds that """""""" afro """""""" was too closely equated with a particular hair-style , and he did n't want a term that would suggest merely """""""" americans who wear afro hair-do 's """""""" . ' a second motivating consideration mentioned by some of my respondents was that the reduction of ` african ' to ` afro - ' involved in the formation of the older ` afro - american ' might be interpreted as deemphasis and might thus be irritating , if not offensive , to people who regard their african heritage as a matter of pride . this is quite plausible , although it is n't consistent throughout the general speech community : it is not the case that every english speaker , in every circumstance , regards the formation of the - o - combining form from some word for the purpose of coining a compound involves the deemphasis of that word or its referent . for instance , in regarding myself as a ` euro - american ' i definitely emphasize the ` euro - ' part . and another of my respondents pointed out progovac ' recent rejection of the label ` serbo - croatian ' in favour of ` serbian / croatian ' on the grounds that the older / more traditional / conven - tional label places too * much * emphasis on the serbian component . on a somewhat parallel note , one of my respondents suggested that the form ` euro - ' might be rejected because , at least to an american , its most obvious association is with the expression ` eurotrash ' , which i have to admit is not part of my experience ; i am more accustomed to its usage in europe , in which it tends to connote ` cosmopolitan ' or at least ` pan - european ' as opposed to narrowly nationalistic . on the broader question addressed by my query , there appears to be no evidence that the morphological process of creating combining forms in - o - is itself on the way out in english ; only one or two instantiations of it are currently being rejected by some people for sociopolitical reasons . as to the past history of this process in english ( it 's presumably either borrowed from or heavily encouraged by greek ) , i have so far heard very little . best , steven - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dr . steven schaufele 712 west washington urbana , il 61801 217-344 - 8240 fcosws @ prairienet . org * * * * o syntagmata linguarum liberemini humanarum ! * * * * * * nihil vestris privari nisi obicibus potestis ! * * *
  """",0
  881,""""Subject: new www - server in germany
   
   hi there , i thought some of you ( esp . germans ) would like to know that we are funding a new www - server for german linguistics in essen ( germany ) . there are links to other interesting sites and we are also going to provide papers - there are already a few . unfortunaltely its written in german , but we are going to provide an english version , too . there are already two papers in english . check it out if you want and tell me what you think of this . : http : / / www . uni-essen . de / fb3 / linse / home . htm thanks in advance + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + elisabeth coelfen voice : + 49-2065 - 67180 fax : + 49-2065 - 64229 email : se178co @ uni-duisburg . de oder compuserve : 100577 , 1055 http : / / www . uni-essen . de / fb3 / linse / ecoelfen . htm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
  """",0
  882,""""Subject: aisb96 call for workshop proposals
   
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - aisb-96 : call for workshop proposals - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for workshop proposals : aisb-96 university of sussex , brighton , england april 1 - - 2 , 1996 society for the study of artificial intelligence and simulation of behaviour ( ssaisb ) workshop series chair : dave cliff , university of sussex local organisation chair : alison white , university of sussex the aisb is the uk 's largest and foremost artificial intelligence society - - now in it 's 32nd year . the society has an international membership of nearly 900 drawn from both academia and industry . membership is open to anyone with interests in artifical intelligence and the cognitive and computing sciences . the aisb committee invites proposals for workshops to be held at the university of sussex campus , on april 1st and 2nd , 1996 . the aisb workshop series is held in even years during the easter vacation . in odd years workshops are held immediately before the biennial conference . the intention of holding a regular workshop series is to provide an administrative and organisational framework for workshop organisers , thus reducing the administrative burden for individuals and freeing them to focus on the scientific programme . accommodation , food , and social events are organised for all workshop participants by the local organisers . proposals are invited for workshops relating to any aspect of artificial intelligence or the simulation of behaviour . proposals , from an individual or a pair of organisers , for workshops between 0 . 5 and 2 days long will be considered . workshops will probably address topics which are at the forefront of research , but perhaps not yet sufficiently developed to warrant a full-scale conference . in addition to research workshops , a ' postgraduate workshop ' has become a successful regular event over recent years . this event focuses on how to survive the process of studying for a phd in ai / cognitive science , and has a hybrid workshop / tutorial nature . we welcome proposals , particularly from current phd survivors , to organise the 1996 postgraduate workshop at sussex . for further information on organising the postgraduate workshop , please see the aisb96 web page ( address below ) or contact dave cliff or alison white . proposals for tutorials will also be considered , and will be assessed on individual merit : please contact dave cliff or alison white for further details of submission of tutorial proposals . it is the general policy of aisb to only approve tutorials which look likely to be financially viable . submission : - - - - - - - - - - a workshop proposal should contain the following information : 1 . workshop title 2 . a detailed outline of the workshop . this should include the necessary background and the potential target audience for the workshop and a justified estimate of the number of possible attendees . please also state the length and preferred date ( s ) of the workshop . specify any equipment requirements , indicating whether the organisers would be expected to meet them . 3 . a brief resume of the organiser ( s ) . this should include : background in the research area , references to published work in the topic area and relevant experience , such as previous organisation or chairing of workshops . 4 . administrative information . this should include : name , mailing address , phone number , fax , and email address if available . in the case of multiple organisers , information for each organiser should be provided , but one organiser should be identified as the principal contact . 5 . a draft call for participation . this should serve the dual purposes of informing and attracting potential participants . the organisers of accepted workshops are responsible for issuing a call for participation , reviewing requests to participate and scheduling the workshop activities within the constraints set by the workshop organiser . they are also responsible for submitting a collated set of papers for their workshop to the workshop series chair . workshop participants will receive bound photocopies of the collated set of papers , with copyright retained by the authors . individual workshop organisers may wish to approach publishers to discuss publication of workshop papers in journal or book forms . dates : - - - - - intentions to organise a workshop should be made known to the workshop series chair ( dave cliff ) as soon as possible . proposals must be received by october 1st 1995 . workshop organisers will be notified by october 15th 1995 . organisers should be prepared to send out calls for workshop participation as soon as possible after this date . collated sets of papers to be received by march 15th 1996 . proposals should be sent to : dave cliff aisb96 workshop series chair school of cognitive and computing sciences university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh u . k . email : davec @ cogs . susx . ac . uk phone : + 44 1273 678754 fax : + 44 1273 671320 electronic submission ( plain ascii text ) is highly preferred , but hard copy submission is also accepted , in which case 5 copies should be submitted . proposals should not exceed 2 sides of a4 ( i . e . 120 lines of text approx . ) . general enquiries should be addressed to : alison white aisb96 local organisation chair school of cognitive and computing sciences university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh u . k . email : alisonw @ cogs . susx . ac . uk phone : + 44 1273 678448 fax : + 44 1273 671320 a copy of this call , with further details for workshop organisers ( including a full schedule ) , is available on the www from : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / aisb / aisb96 / cfw . html a plain - ascii version of the web page is available via anonymous ftp from : % ftp ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk login : anonymous password : [ your _ email @ your _ address ] ftp cd pub / aisb / aisb96 ftp get [ filename ] * ftp quit * files available at present are : readme call _ for _ proposals
  """",0
  883,""""Subject: ranlp ' 95 program
   
   international conference """""""" recent advances in natural language processing """""""" tzigov chark , bulgaria 14 - 16 sept 1995 call for participation location : tzigov chark is a beautiful resort in the rhodope mountains on the shore of batak lake . tzigov chark is 150km from sofia , the capital of bulgaria . program : 14 september morning session 9 . 00 invited paper aravind joshi ( usa ) some linguistic , computational and statistical implications of lexicalized grammars 9 . 40 mihoko kitamura , yuji matsumoto ( japan ) a mt system based on translation rules acquired from parallel corpora 10 . 10 ye - yi wang and alex waibel ( usa ) connectionist transfer in machine translation 10 . 40 coffee break 11 . 10 marcel cori , michel de fornel , j . m . marandin ( france ) parsing repairs 11 . 40 udo hahn , michael strube ( germany ) parsetalk about textual ellipsis 12 . 10 hideki kozima , akira ito ( japan ) context - sensitive measurement of word distance by adaptive scaling of a semantic space afternoon session 15 . 00 ruslan mitkov ( germany ) two engines are better than one : generating more power and confidence in the search for the antecedent 15 . 30 malgorzata stys ( uk ) , stefan zemke ( sweden ) incorporating discourse aspects in polish - english mt : towards robust implementation 16 . 00 tadashi nomoto ( japan ) effects of grammatical annotation on a topic identification task coffee break 17 . 00 victoria arranz , ian radford , sofia ananiadou , jun - ichi tsujii ( uk ) towards a sublanguage-based semantic clustering algorithm 17 . 30 r . basili , m . della rocca , maria pazienza , p . velardi ( italy ) contexts and categories : tuning a general purpose verb classification to sublanguages 18 . 00 marie owens , p . o'boyle , f . j . smith ( uk ) a missing-word evaluation of statistical language model performance using human subjects 15 september morning session 9 . 00 invited paper jun - ichi tsujii ( uk ) machine translation : productivity and conventionality of language 9 . 40 david d . palmer ( usa ) experiments in multilingual sentence boundary recognition 10 . 10 harris papageorgiou ( greece ) clause recognition in the framework of alignment 10 . 40 coffee break 11 . 10 jung h . shin , young s . han , young c . park , key s . choi ( korea ) a hmm part - of - speech tagger for korean with wordphrasal relations 11 . 40 kuang - hua chen , hsin - hsi chen ( taiwan ) a corpus-based approach to text partition 12 . 10 khalil sima ' an ( holland ) an optimized algorithm for data oriented parsing afternoon session 15 . 00 christer samuelsson ( germany ) example - based optimization of surface - generation tables 15 . 30 kalina boncheva ( bulgaria ) generation of multilingual explanations from conceptual graphs 16 . 00 akito nagai , ishikawa yasushi , nakajima kunio ( japan ) concept - driven search algorithm incorporating semantic interpretation and speech recognition coffee break 17 . 00 german rigau claramunt and eneko agirre ( spain ) a proposal for word sense disambiguation using conceptual distance martin simon ulmann ( switzerland ) decomposing german compound nouns 17 . 20 jan schaake and geert - jan m . kruijff ( holland ) information states based analysis of dialogues zaharin yusoff ( malaysia ) unification - like attribute operations in the string-tree correspondence grammar 17 . 20 galja angelova ( bulgaria ) naive lexicon or cryptic formalismus ? user support in machine aided translation franklin cho ( usa ) implementing scrambling in korean : a principles and parameters approach 17 . 40 fuji ren , lixin fan ( japan ) reservable structural ambiguities and its application in japanese - chinese machine translation matthew hurst ( uk ) parsing for targeted errors in controlled languages 16 september morning session 9 . 00 invited paper christian boitet ( france ) and mutsuko tomokiyo ( japan ) ambiguities and ambiguity labelling : towards ambiguity databases 9 . 40 ivan bretan , maans engstedt and bjoern gambaeck ( sweden ) a multimodal environment for telecommunication specifications 10 . 10 inaki alegria , xabier artola , kepa sarasola ( spain ) improving a robust morphological analyzer using lexical transducers 10 . 40 coffee break 11 . 10 wiebke ramm and claudia villiger ( germany ) global text organization and sentence - grammatical realization : towards a discourse - level control of grammatical selections 11 . 40 jan schaake and geert - jan m . kruijff ( holland ) discerning relevant information in discourses using tfa 12 . 10 olivier ferret and brigitte grau ( france ) an episodic memory for understanding and learning afternoon session 15 . 00 ismail biskri , jean pierre descles ( france ) applicative and combinatory categorial grammar ( from syntax to functional semantics ) 15 . 30 hang li and naoki abe ( japan ) generalizing case frames using a thesaurus and the mdl principle 16 . 00 allan ramsay , reinhard schaeler ( ireland ) case and word order in english and german coffee break 17 . 00 akira utsumi ( japan ) how to interpret irony by computer : a comprehensive framework for irony manfred kudlek ( germany ) some formal aspects of time , tense and aspect 17 . 20 jawad berri , dominique le roux , denise malrieu , jean - luc minel ( france ) seraphin , an automatic system for main sentences extraction chadia moghrabi , l . girard , m . s . eid ( canada ) chemistry : a new domain for a portable text generation system 17 . 40 marie christine villain , philippe trigano , jean deloire ( france ) intelligent textual database and automatic aquisition of word associations nigel collier ( uk ) contextual meta-knowledge acquisition from corpora conference information : for further information please contact : prof . ruslan mitkov < mitkov @ informatik . uni-hamburg . de > or nicolas nicolov < nicolas @ edinburgh . aisb . ac . uk > conference venue : the conference will take place in hotel """""""" orpheus """""""" , tzigov chark , which accomodates up to 50 participants . we have chosen a small and cosy conference hotel to create a better and friendlier working and social environment : however this implies restrictions on the availability of single rooms and participants will be normally offered to share 2 - bed rooms or have a single room in a nearby hostel . since only limited number of rooms are available , those interested in attending the conference are encouraged to register as early as possible . late registrations could not be guaranteed . location and transportation : tzigov chark is situated on the shore of the beautiful batak lake in the western rhodope mountains and is 150km from sofia , the capital of bulgaria . the local organisers will provide a daily shuttle bus / conference taxi from sofia airport to the summer school location at an inexpensive rate . sofia is easily accessible by plane from most major european cities ( e . g . daily flights or several flights per week from london , frankfurt , paris , zurich , vienna and other european cities ) . there are also direct flights to sofia from north america ( new york , toronto ) and asia ( singapore , bangkok , kuala lumpur ) . in order to enable the local organisers to plan the shuttle service efficiently , please contact victoria arranz < victoria @ ccl . umist . ac . uk > with details about your journey ( arrival / departure time and date ) at least 2 weeks before you leave for the summer school . related events : the conference participants are also invited to take part in the int . summer school """""""" contemporary topics in computational linguistics """""""" , which will take place immediately before the conference in the same hotel . further information about the conference can be obtained from : prof . r . mitkov < mitkov @ informatik . uni-hamburg . de > or nicolas nicolov < nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk > or you can have a look at the following www page at url : http : / / www . dai . ed . ac . uk / misc / nlp _ conf . html registration for the conference : kindly note that bank processing charges are at the expense of the participants . international conference """""""" recent advances in natural language processing """""""" registration form name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration fee ( after 1 august ) . : _ _ _ _ 210 usd for industrial participants 170 usd for academic staff 130 usd for students accommodation + half-board : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 30 usd per day per person ) specify days - sept 1995 . : [ ] 13 , [ ] 14 , [ ] 15 , [ ] 16 , [ ] 17 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = total amount in usd sent . : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date of bank transfer . . . : 1995 bank transfer reference no : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to bank account ( tick one ) : [ ] bank . . . . : amex account no . : 00710 756 of first private bank pls , bulgaria instructions : for onward credit to first private bank , shoumen branch - nikolai nikolov account in usd : 95079620 4 1 00 2560 1 4 address of receipient : nikolai nikolov incoma , p . o . box 20 9700 shumen , bulgaria tel : + 359-54 5 69 48 ( office ) email : nikolov @ incoma-td . bg * or * [ ] bank . . . . : citibank new york account no . : 36015 992 of first private bank pls , bulgaria instructions : for onward credit to first private bank , shoumen branch - nikolai nikolov account in usd : 95079620 4 1 00 2560 1 4 address of receipient : nikolai nikolov incoma , p . o . box 20 9700 shumen , bulgaria tel : + 359-54 5 69 48 ( office ) email : nikolov @ incoma-td . bg email your registration forms to : nicolas nicolov < nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk >
  """",0
  884,""""Subject: edt
   
   job openings in speech and language processing bbn systems and technologies , cambridge , ma the speech and language processing department at bolt beranek and newman inc . has several exciting positions in speech recognition , language understanding and character recognition . to apply send your resume and indication of which position you are interested in to karen nicholson ( knicholson @ bbn . com ) . positions : applied computational linguist work with a research team to develop fieldable technology including advance prototypes and products in information extraction systems , including name recognition and template fill from newswire . experience in applying computational linguistics to real applications , excellent skills as a programmer in c / c + + / lisp , and degree in computer science or related field required . u . s . citizenship and willingness to get a dod clearance required . statistical computational linguist reserach and development of new techniques and software for processing large corpora , including languages other than english , and language modeling for speech and nl systems . masters or phd in computer science or related area , strong math / stat background , strong c programming skills required . experience in lisp , splus , perl a plus . u . s . citizenship and fluency in a second language desirable . entry level researcher participate in a research group developing algorithms and building systems for advanced speech and language technologies , provide support by implementing algorithms , running experiments , collecting and analyzing data . bachelor 's level in computer science , engineering , or related field , excellent undergraduate gpa , experience in university research lab or summer internship , and programming skills in c / c + + and unix required . some experience in speech or language technology a plus . u . s . citizenship and willingness to get a dod clearance desirable . applications engineer design and implement applications at the cutting edge of speech and language technology , such as medical dictation , reading and language learning assistants , transcription of telephone speech for deaf listeners , topic identification from video , voice mail transcription , information extraction systems . requirements : extensive experience in advance technology software systems , including product-level code and documentation ; master level programmer in c / c + + , with at least one year 's experience each in unix and ms windows ; experience in graphical user interfaces ; bachelor 's or masters degree in computer science . lisp experience helpful . experience in fields related to speech and natural language a plus . u . s . citizenship and willingness to get a dod clearance desirable . algorithm developer work with a research team designing and implementing algorithms for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition , systems incorporating voice input and output such as spoken language systems , and optical character recognition . requirements include master 's in computer science , mathematics , engineering , or related field or equivalent expereince and excellent programming skills in c / c + + and unix . background in one or more of the following areas desirable : statistical modeling , pattern recognition , speech processing , character recognition . knowledge of lisp , splus , and perl a plus . the speech and language processing department of bbn systems and technologies , a subsidiary of bolt beranek and newman inc . ( nyse : bbn ) , has been a world leader in computer-based speech and language research and development for 25 years . the department continues to make cutting-edge advances in the areas of speech recognition , speaker and language identification , natural language understanding , interactive spoken language systems , and data extraction from text .
  """",0
  885,""""Subject: 
   
   university of massachusetts occasional papers in linguistics , volume 18 : papers in optimality theory . ed . by j . beckman , l . walsh dickey and s . urbanczyk . pb . viii + 705 pp . $ 16 + s / h ( $ 3 domestic , $ 4 foreign surface . graduate linguistic student association ( glsa ) , university of massachusetts , amherst . this collection of recent work in optimality theory includes both syntax and phonology papers . the full table of contents , along with ordering information , may be obtained from glsa @ linguist . umass . edu . below is a list of authors whose work is included in umop 18 . mahasen abu - mansour ; john alderete ; jill beckman ; laura benua ; pat deevy ; mike dickey ; jane grimshaw & vieri samek - lodovici ; david holton ; junko ito & armin mester ; greg lamontagne & keren rice ; geraldine legendre , colin wilson , paul smolensky , kristin homer & william raymond ; linda lombardi ; john mccarthy & alan prince ; jaye padgett ; sam rosenthall ; lisa selkirk ; tim sherer ; peggy speas ; suzanne urbanczyk ; ellen woolford ; jennifer yearley . available in september . prepaid orders are encouraged . e - mail : < glsa @ linguist . umass . edu > two new books from kluwer : duffield , particles and projections in irish syntax july 1995 , 374 pp . , hardbound isbn 0-7923 - 3550 - 3 , nlg 220 . 00 booij , yearbook of morphology 1994 april 1995 , 320 pp . , hardbound isbn 0-7923 - 3244 - x , nlg 280 . 00 you can find additional information on kluwer 's gopher - server : gopher . wkap . nl
  """",0
  886,""""Subject: teach english in germany ?
   
   the university of regensburg , germany , announces an unanticipated vacany for a position of lektor , to teach english for a period of up to five years . an informal job description follows . applications should reach me by august 21 ; the job should be taken up at the beginning of our winter term , nov . 1 . candidates who reacted to a similar announcement earlier this year should state there continuing interest but need not submit full applications . do n't hesitate to ask me if there are any further questions . edgar schneider edgar . schneider @ sprachlit . uni-regensburg . de lektors in the english department ( institut fuer anglistik und amerikanistik ) of the university of regensburg an informal job description i . job description in their capacities as native speakers of english and citizens of the english - speaking countries , lektors in the english department of the university of regensburg teach courses in two specific areas : practical language instruction ( i . e . english as a foreign language ) and landeskunde ( i . e . introductory courses in british / american / canadian culture , history , geography etc . ) . practical language courses are taught at various levels ( introductory , intermediate , advanced ) and include : translation ( german into english ; english into german is taught by german instructors ) ; composition ( essay - writing and discussion at all levels ) ; english grammar ( with a comparative view of english a nd german grammar ) ; vocabulary ; phonetics ( mostly language lab instruction ) ; general language courses which combine many aspects of the course s mentioned above . also , lektors are responsible for devi sing and administering tests in these areas . landeskunde courses are designed to give the students a general outline of british / american / canadian culture , history , geography , economics etc . there are survey courses for beginners and courses on special topics for advanced students ( e . g . ethnic problems , educational systems , recent history , political institutions , etc . ) . ii . required qualifications prospective applicants for the position of lektor must be native speakers of english and fluent in german , and they must have lived in an english - speaking country for two years prior to employment . c andidates must have at least a master 's degree in english , linguistics , german , or possibly some related field ; a ph . d . or abd status woul d be a plus . also , they should have some formal training in t eaching english as a foreign language ( tesol ) ; for applicants from great britain , the tefl exam is required . some teaching experience , for example as graduate assistants , preferably in german or engl ish as a foreign language , or , a previous stay of a few months or more in a german - speaking country would be helpful . as this is a non-tenure position , candidates should make clear that in the long r un they seek a professional career in their home country , for which a temporary stay in germany would be beneficial , however . iii . working conditions lektors are given a two-year contract which may be renewed for another three-year period ( but the employment period cannot be extended beyond those five years ) . the teaching load is 16 hours per week ( 4 to 8 different courses ) during the semester ( the winter semester lasts from november through february , the summer semester from may through july ) , and probably about one course per semester break ( fall and spring ) , depending on other activities . further duties include participation in the planning , administering , and correction of various exams , some student tutoring , some participation in t he administrative business of the institute , and occasional service functions as native speakers for other department members . thus , during the months of march and april and august through october , l ektors must be present at the university , unless they are on vacation ( roughly 5 to 6 weeks per year , depending on age and legal regulations ) or special leave of absence . job duties do not include re search work , although the job should leave some spare time for such activities . the salary is calculated according to the bat iia scale of the german civil service . there are fringe benefits . salary and fringe benefits depend on age and family status . for those lektors employed during the whole calendar year there is a thirteenth monthly salary ( otherwise , the appropriate fractions are paid for each month of employment ) . altogether , the average salary of a lektor currently amounts to roughly between 48 , 000 and 55 , 000 dm net per annum . the salary is paid in monthly instalments . please send applications or requests for further information to : prof . dr . edgar w . schneider , universit , t regensburg , institut fuer anglistik und amerikanistik , d-93040 regensburg , phone no . [ 011-49 - ] ( 0941 ) 943 3470 , fax no . [ 011-49 - ] ( 0941 ) 943 4992 , e-mail : edga r . schneider @ sprachlit . uni-regensburg - de . edgar . schneider @ sprachlit . uni-regensburg . de university of regensburg , 93040 regensburg , germany phone ( int . line ) - 49-941 - 9433470 fax ( int . line ) - 49-941 - 9434992
  """",0
  887,""""Subject: lab equipment
   
   at the university of evora ( portugal ) we are trying to establish a laboratory of linguistics . we wonder if anyone could give information about useful material for such a laboratory : equipment , hardware and software . thanks in advance . francisco de assis mira espada universidade de evora departamento de linguistica e literaturas apartado 94 7001 evora codex e mail : fme @ evunix . uevora . pt
  """",0
  888,""""Subject: parsing preference in v2 languages
   
   it has been claimed ( incorrectly ) that a german sentence with nominative / accusative case syncretism like ( 1 ) is unambiguous , with the clause-initial noun phrase construed as the subject . ( 1 ) die tochter hat die mutter gek """""""" usst . the-nom / acc daughter has the-nom / acc mother kissed allegedly only svo : the daughter kissed the mother . allegedly not ovs : the mother kissed the daughter . although ( 1 ) is in fact ambiguous , the svo interpretation does seem to be preferred over the ovs interpretation , at least in out-of - the-blue contexts . can anyone steer me to a discussion of such examples ( in german or any other verb-second language ) in the parsing literature ? many thanks , beatrice santorini b-santorini @ nwu . edu
  """",0
  889,""""Subject: multiple etymological sources in one domain
   
   i ' m looking for examples of languages in which , within one lexical domain , some lexemes come from one language source and some from another . for example , in english kin terms , almost all the lexemes are from a germanic source - - e . g . , mother , father , sister , brother ; but the grand in grandmother and grandfather is from romance . another example would be english 's germanic lexemes for domestic animals """""""" on the hoof """""""" , but french - derived ones for their meat ( pork , veal , beef ) . thanks . if there is sufficient interest , i ' ll post a summary . george l . huttar 7500 w . camp wisdom rd . dallas , tx 75236 huttar @ sil . org u . s . a . 1-214 - 709-2400 ext . 2250 fax 1-214 - 709-3380
  """",0
  890,""""Subject: nyankore
   
   i am looking for any data ( grammar , lexicon , etc ) on nyankore , a bantu language in southern uganda . i have heard that a grammar was recently released in uganda , details unknown . peterross thai / linguistics australian national university
  """",0
  891,""""Subject: summary : chomsky 's """""""" single mutation """"""""
   
   a couple of weeks ago i posted a query about an alleged quotation from chomsky . the quote came from gordon hewes , an anthropologist and a specialist in language origins , in his 1977 paper ` language origin theories ' in duane rumbaugh 's book _ language learning by a chimpanzee _ , on page 43 . there hewes asserts that chomsky has explicitly attributed the human language faculty to a single genetic mutation in one of our ancestors . the source was given as """""""" chomsky ( 1967 ) """""""" , but no such item appears in hewes 's bibliography , nor indeed any works by chomsky at all . i therefore asked if anybody could point to such a statement in chomsky 's works . i received seven responses , most of them from people who either know chomsky personally or who take a professional interest either in chomsky 's work or in language origins . no one was aware of any such statement by chomsky , either in print or elsewhere , and a couple of people flatly disbelieve that chomsky has ever said any such thing . i myself have tracked down and read all of chomsky 's 1967 publications which might be relevant , and i can find no such suggestion in any of them , though two of them do make passing remarks on language origins . i have also skimmed through chomsky 's books _ cartesian linguistics _ ( 1966 ) , _ language and mind _ ( 1968 , 1972 ) and _ knowledge of language _ ( 1986 ) without finding any such statement ( though i have n't read them carefully ) . it appears , then , that chomsky has made no such suggestion , and that hewes 's statement must result from some kind of error or misunderstanding . i find this odd , though , since hewes is well known as a specialist in language origins and since the remark occurs in the middle of a generally well-documented survey of earlier suggestions on the origin and evolution of language . most peculiar . my thanks to keith mccormick , robert freidin , scott delancey , vivian cook , rich hilliard , massimo piattelli - palmarini , and raf salkie for their helpful responses . larry trask cogs university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh england larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk
  """",0
  892,""""Subject: sum : portugese
   
   here is a summary of the responses i received to my recent request for references on portuguese language and linguistics ( comments in brackets are simply a selection of those made by various respondents ) . thanks to the respondents : bas aarts , carlos ferreira , manuel forcadela , carlos gouveia , rafael humberto scapin , frank van der leeuw , joana van der leeuw , stephen parkinson . for a general overview see the chapter by stephen parkinson in : m . harris & n , vincent ( eds . ) ( 1988 ) """""""" the romance languages """""""" croom helm / routledge , london . suggested descriptive grammars are : celso cunha and luis filipe lindley cintra ( 1984 ) """""""" nova gramatica do portugues contemporaneo """""""" nova fronteira , rio / j . sa da costa , lisbon . ( the standard reference grammar in portuguese . there 's also an abridged version published by the same editor : """""""" breve gramatica do portugues contemporaneo """""""" ) . hans jurgen heringer & jose pinto de lima ( 1987 ) """""""" palavra puxa palavra : comunicacao e gramatica dependencial """""""" icalp , ministerio da educacao e cultura , lisbon . ( not a reference grammar in the ordinary sense of the word , but a good reflection on the structure and use of portuguese ) . maria helena mira mateus et . al . ( 1989 ) """""""" gramatica da lingua portuguesa """""""" caminho , lisbon . ( 2nd ed . ) . ( the best linguistic handbook . there 's now a 3rd ed . by the same publisher but i did n't find out the date ) . paul teyssier """""""" manuel de langue portugaise """""""" editions klincksiek . ( in french , a general , good and reliable description of contemporary portuguese ) . pilar vazquez cuesta y maria albertina mendez da luz ( 1971 ) """""""" gramatica portuguesa """""""" biblioteca romanica hispanica , editorial gredos , s . a . , madrid . ( in spanish , originally intended for students of portuguese as a foreign language ) . pilar vasquez cuesta & maria albertina mendez da luz """""""" gramatica da lingua portuguesa """""""" edicoes 70 , lisbon . ( portuguese translation of the above ) . suggestions on portuguese linguistics : carlos gouveia et al ( eds . ) ( forthcoming 1995 ) """""""" introducao a linguistica geral e portuguesa """""""" caminho , lisbon . at a more elementary level , universidade aberta publish a range of books on portuguese , including : m . h . m . mateus et al """""""" fonetica , fonologia e morfologia """""""" h . h . c . campos & m . f . xavier """""""" sintaxe e semantica """""""" ivo castro """""""" curso de historia da lingua portuguesa """""""" on the history of the language : rodrigo de sa nogueira ( 1932 ) """""""" curso de filologia portuguesa """""""" lisboa . serafim da silva neto ( 1957 ) """""""" manual de filologia portuguesa """""""" sao paulo . serafim da silva neto """""""" historia da lingua portuguesa """""""" , editora presenta , rio de janeiro . paul teyssier """""""" historia da lingua portuguesa """""""" j . sa da costa , lisbon . ( the most accessible history of the language , an expanded portuguese version of a book originally written in french ) . edwin bucher williams ( 1938 ) """""""" from latin to portuguese : historical phonology and morphology of the portuguese language """""""" university of pennsylvania press , pa and oup , oxford . ( also published in ( brazilian ) portuguese : """""""" do latim ao portugues """""""" edicoes tempo brasileiro ltda , biblioteca tempo universitario 37 ( 1961 ) , rio de janeiro . )
  """",0
  893,""""Subject: sum : not . . . until
   
   dear lingustis , i am very sorry that i have been convinced that i have already posted my summary of the query on _ not . . . until _ i asked you in march ( ! ) . i cheked my fd several days ago and found that i compiled several respon - ses dated in march , but i could not found my summary in any of my fds or hd . if i have already posted a summary , please do n't bother to read it again . i will defineitely repeat an error again . here are my query and summary . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * my query in march : dear linguists , i read renaat declerck 's ( 1995 ) paper titled """""""" the problem of _ not _ . . . _ until _ , """""""" in _ lingsuitics _ 33 , 55-98 . he considers that ( 1 ) below implies not only that john did n't wake up before nine but also that he did wake up at nine ( as late as nine , he could have woken up earlier ) . he seems to claim that all types of _ not _ . . . _ until _ does have such an implication . he calls it the sense of acualization . he also claims that the sense of actualization is not """""""" implicature """""""" but """""""" assertion """""""" . ( what do you think ? ) ( 1 ) john did n't wake up until nine . my first query is : do all types of _ not _ . . . _ until _ have the sense of actualization ? what about the sentences below ? the second query is : is the sense of actualization able to be cancelled or suspended , by adding such phrases as _ if not later _ , _ or possibly later _ , _ at least _ ? please judge whether the sense of actualization arises in each sentence arises or not . ( 2 ) _ until _ nine , john _ did n't _ wake up . ( 3 ) bill _ did n't _ say another word _ until _ he died . ( 4 ) a . nancy remained a spinster _ until _ she died . b . nancy _ did n't _ get married _ until _ she died . ( 5 ) $ b ! h ( jcool , $ b ! i ( ji told him . $ b ! h ( jwhat do you feel ? $ b ! i ! h ( jnothing . well , uh , maybe i ' m exaggerating . it was a kick , but not a big enough one for me to want to take the chance again , except for stakes . but le 's _ not _ talk about it abstractly _ until _ we ' re out of here . now , first question : the bottles . shall we take them all with us , or leave one ? $ b ! i ! h ( jtake them , $ b ! i ( ji said . ( brown corpus : l24 ) ( 6 ) she gave a little pout and said , $ b ! h ( ji _ do n't _ get off work _ until _ eleven o ' clock . that 's when my evening commences . $ b ! i ( j ( brown : l02 ) ( 7 ) the fact that the queen is expecting a baby will _ not _ be official _ until _ an official announcement has been made . ( lob : a10 ) ( 8 ) nor have we remembered that in the melting pot of america the hundreds of isolated and semi-isolated ethnic , regional and occupational groups did _ not _ fuse into a homogeneous national _ until _ long after education and industrialization had caused them to cast oral tradition aside as a means of carrying culturally significant material . ( brown : f19 ) ( 9 ) his own inner voice , which should tell him what not to do , has not developed . it _ won't _ develop _ until _ he has words with which to clothe it . ( brown : b13 ) $ b ! ! ( j ( 10 ) john _ did n't _ stay awake _ until _ 6 . $ b ! ! ( j ( 11 ) ensign vesole decided that he would _ not _ tarry _ until _ he heard the whispering of the bombs , and when night began to fall , he put seaman 2 / c donald l . norton and seaman 1 / c william a . roch - ford on the guns and told them to start shooting the moment they saw an enemy silhouette . ( brown : f02 ) ( 12 ) john left _ until _ midnight . ( is this really acceptable ? ) third query : are the following sentences acceptable ? ( 13 ) _ until _ nine , john _ did n't _ wake up . i do n't know about later , for i left at nine . / in fact , i heard later that he did not wake up after nine either . ( 14 ) john _ did n't _ wake up _ until _ nine . in fact , i heard later that he did n't wake up at all . if you have any comment on this problem , i would be very grateful . thanks a lot in advance . best wishes , hiroaki tanaka associate professor , tokushima university , japan . ( gca01363 @ niftyserve . or . jp ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to this query , those who reponded are the following people . i am very grateful to them . james kirchner ( jpkirchner @ aol . com ) micheal ? ( meb3 @ crux5 . cit . cornell . edu ) gerald b . mathias ( mathias @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu ) larry horn ( lhorn @ yalevm . cis . yale . edu ) jack wiedrick ( wied6480 @ varney . idbsu . edu ) almost all my sentences seem to imply actualization , with the following exceptions : ( 3 ) is aceptable to many but not all speakers ( dr . horn ) . ( 4 ) implies actualization in the sense that mary got married on her deathbed , or means at her deathbed she was still a spinster . the first reading is less possible than the second . about ( 3 ) and ( 4 ) , the below is the part of my paper titled """""""" implicature of _ not . . . until _ """""""" for _ english linguistics _ ( 1995 ) vol . 12 ( forthcoming ) ( journal of english linguistics society of japan ) which i wrote a month ago . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 3 . 1 . nia examples ( 5a ) and ( 5b ) illustrate typical cases with no implicature of actualization ( nia ) . ( 5 ) a . john was a loyal member of his party until he died . b . bill did n't say another word until he died . ( heinamaki 1978 : 113 ) ( 6 ) a . nancy remained silent until she died . b . # nancy did n't get married until she died . ( declerck 1995 : 69 ) in both examples of ( 5 ) , death blocks actualization of the head clause . john cannot be a disloyal member after his death , and bill cannot say anything after his death . nia comes from pragmatic ( real world ) knowledge . declerck assumes that examples like ( 6b ) ( and also ( 5b ) ) are semantically anomalous , although he accepts an affirmative sentence like ( 6a ) . it would be impossible for declerck to accept ( 6b ) , because he considers that all examples of not . . . until must be associated with the sense of actualization , i . e . , not . . . until presupposes the truth of actualization , so that declerck forcibly matches his analysis with data . but not . . . until x died does exist as in an acceptable sentence like ( 5b ) , in which case say another word means $ b ! h ( jexpress in words $ b ! i ( j , although ( 5b ) is also semantically anomalous in the sense of $ b ! h ( jutter / pronounce $ b ! i ( j . besides , some of my informants accept ( 6b ) . those who find ( 6b ) unacceptable must account for the difference between ( 5b ) and ( 6b ) . one solution is that we will let nip work on the one hand as in ( 5b ) and will not let it work on the other as in ( 6b ) . but this solution is ad hoc . the other is that the difference lies in our pragmatic knowledge . even though one cannot say anything after his / her death , s / he can leave something other than his / her words , i . e . , negation of saying something does not always imply saying nothing . one can leave his / her message , will or anything else . hence , a rare reading of ia : people found his will after his death . in ( 6b ) , however , one cannot get married after s / he dies , i . e . , death blocks marriage . we cannot imagine the negation of marriage other than not getting married . this pragmatic reasoning would be more appropriate . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( 10 ) have also two meanings : ( i ) john kept dozing off , but at 6 : 00 he finally succeeded in keeping himself awake , ( ii ) john went to sleep before 6 : 00 . ( prof . james kirchner ) ( 12 ) is only possible in the sense that john was gone for a while and then he came back at midnight . ( prof . jack wierdrick ) i wanted to know that ( 13 ) and ( 14 ) are the sentences which can cancel the sense of actualization . the result is that ( 13 ) is acceptable and ( 14 ) is unacceptable . prof . jack wierdrick says that ( 13 ) is awkward , although the right interpretation could be gotten from it . he gave me an example like _ up until nine ( at least ) , john did n't wake up . _ concerning the problem of cancelability , dr . larry horn cites his examples from his famous dissertaion _ on the semantic properties of logical operators in english _ as follows : santa claus won't get here until midnight , if not { * earlier / later } . , if then . , and he may not even get here then . he says that in general ' not . . . until s ' , as opposed to ' not . . . until np ' , constructions 's trongly implicate a """""""" late """""""" bound which can be suspended . thank you very much for all the responces . i wrote a very short paper about _ not . . . until _ , which will be publised this fall . if you want a copy of it , i would be pleased to send it to you by the form of text-file via e-mail . best wishes , hiroaki tanaka , faculty of integrated arts and sciences , tokushima university , japan . e - mail : hiro-t @ ias . tokushima-u . ac . jp ( office ) gca01363 @ niftyserve . or . jp ( home )
  """",0
  894,""""Subject: query : not not
   
   dear linguists , i am working on the double negative constructions like """""""" i did n't not come here """""""" and have been looking for the examples like that , but i can find only a few examples which i think does not cover all types of the double negatives . i would be very grateful if you could make a sen - tences using """""""" not not """""""" like the following examples and could agree with my analysis that they are basically """""""" understatements / litotes """""""" which obscure the speaker 's real intention . dr . larry horn 's _ a natural history of negation _ cites and exemplifies in detail such double negatives of """""""" not un - x """""""" constructions , but he made no comments on """""""" not not """""""" type . i assume that like """""""" not un - x """""""" , """""""" not not """""""" can imply not only """""""" understatements / litotes """""""" but also """""""" irony """""""" . do you agree with my analysis ? but unfortunately , i could find no examples of """""""" not not """""""" implying """""""" irony """""""" . bolinger ( 1980 ) states that """""""" a not unselfish act , you ' ll have to admit . """""""" is """""""" ironically euphemistic . """""""" i agree with him . but how ironi - cal ? what is the mechanism of such ironical euphemism and how does it arises ? can sperber and wilson 's ( 1981 , 1992 ) theory of """""""" echoic utterance """""""" cover all the types of such irony ? i would be grateful if you have a comment on this matter if any . the following are some of the examples i could collected : ( 1 ) a : you and jim really must come round to my place some evening . b : yes , we 'd like to . a : of course , you two do n't drink , do you ? b : well , we _ do n't not _ drink . ( hurford and heasley 1983 : 284 , _ semantics : a course book _ cup . ) minoru nakau ( 1994 ) _ nin - chi imiron no genri ( principles of cognitive semantics ) , taishukan , written in japanese , also quotes the above example , saying that b 's """""""" we do n't not drink """""""" is an echo or meta-lingui - stic expression of a 's words """""""" you two do n't drink """""""" , and also that b does not definitely say that they drink , rather obscure their intention and hesitate to admit they drink a lot . that is why b does n't say """""""" we do drink . """""""" in this sense , _ we do n't not drink _ can be quoted like _ we do n't """""""" not drink """""""" , where _ do n't _ is an external negation which negates the pre-negated assertion as inapproriate or false and """""""" not drink """""""" is an internal negation . the below two examples are also from nakau 's ( 1994 ) collection : ( 2 ) it is odd that _ coffee-grounds _ is plural . they may be """""""" composed of particles """""""" , but they are obviously _ not """""""" not _ too many for anyone to be able to count """""""" . the point is even more striking with _ dregs _ and _ lees _ , which are largely liquid . ( f . r . palmer , ( 1990 ) """""""" review articles : _ the semantics of grammar _ , by anna wierzbicka . """""""" _ journal of linguistics _ 26 : 223-233 . ) ( 3 ) for example , nouns such as _ heap _ or _ committee _ are _ not _ """""""" semantically plural but syntactically _ not _ plural """""""" . ( a . wierzbicka ( 1991 ) """""""" semantic rules know no exceptions . """""""" _ studies in language _ 15 , 371-398 . ) the next example is the one i found in r . b . parker 's novel _ valedic - tion _ ( 1984 ) . contrary to my analysis , this is not an understatement but some kind of emphatic expression . what do you think ? how do you interpret this example ? ( 4 ) susan said , """""""" i ' ve taken a job in san francisco . """""""" i put the glass down on the counter . i could feel myself begin to shrink inward . """""""" i ' m leaving tonight , """""""" she said . """""""" i had planned to stay the night with you and tell you in the morning , but i can't . i _ can't not _ tell you . """""""" ( r . b . parker , _ valediction _ , p . 19 ) my interpretation of the sentences in question is that """""""" . . . , but i can't ( tell you in the morning ) . ( but ) i _ can't not _ tell = can't help telling you ( now ) . """""""" """""""" can't """""""" is echoed and the abbreaviated adverbials are different . is my interpretation correct ? i would be very grateful if you reply to me . thanks a lot in advance . best wishes , hiroaki tanaka , faculty of integrated arts and sciences , tokushima university , japan . e - mail : hiro-t @ ias . tokushima-u . ac . jp
  """",0
  895,""""Subject: query : after you , please .
   
   dear linguists , i ask a query on the phrase _ after you + please _ on behalf of my former professor / supervisor in my graduate school days . he is a famous lexicographer in japan and edits many english - japanese dictionaries , but unfortunately does not have any contact with this list . he wants this kind of information to be on his dictionaries . his query is : can you say like this ? after you , please . if possible , what is the exact meaning and when and how do you use it ? please reply to me . i will post a summary when i receive enough responses . thakns a lot in advance . hiroaki tanaka , faculty of integrated arts and sciences , tokushima unievrsity , japan e - mail : hiro-t @ ias . tokushima-u . ac . jp
  """",0
  896,""""Subject: query : ? madam chairwoman .
   
   dear linguists , i ask a query on the word _ madam + chairman / chairwoman / chairperson _ on behalf of my former professor / supervisor in my graduate school days . he is a famous lexicographer in japan and edits many english - japanese dictionaries , but unfortunately does not have any contact with this list . he wants this kind of information to be on his dictionaries . his query is : when you address a chairman / chairwoman / chairperson , you use """""""" mr . chairman """""""" to a male chair and """""""" madam chairman """""""" to a female chair . but do n't you use a phrase like """""""" madam chairwoman """""""" or """""""" madam chairperson """""""" if you exactly follow the rule of anti-sexism ? or just use """""""" chair """""""" ? please reply to me . i will post a summary when i receive enough responses . thakns a lot in advance . hiroaki tanaka , faculty of integrated arts and sciences , tokushima unievrsity , japan e - mail : hiro-t @ ias . tokushima-u . ac . jp
  """",0
  897,""""Subject: labov on tense
   
   in 1977 , the laut preprint agency in trier , ( then west ) germany publihshed a working paper by william labov , on the adequacy of natural languages : the development of tense . does anybody have a reference to a ' proper ' publication of this paper as a journal article or chapter in a book ? thanks . hartmut haberland
  """",0
  898,""""Subject: school in la with chinese as a second language
   
   query : friends of mine moved recently to la and they are looking for a good school where their daughter ( age 10 ) could continue her study of chinese , which she has studied for two years . please reply directly to me , as they do not use e-mail . thank you , alexander vovin vovin @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu
  """",0
  899,""""Subject: address for john thayer jensen
   
   does anyone have an e-mail or other address for john thayer jensen ? by extraordinary coincidence there is another john t jensen who is also a linguist , but the one i ' m looking for is the one who wrote the yapese grammar and dictionary . thanks , john henderson _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ph . ( 09 ) 380 2870 centre for linguistics , university of western australia w . a . 6907 fax ( 09 ) 380 1154
  """",0
  900,""""Subject: hotel information for nels 26
   
   nels 26 harvard university and the massachusetts institute of technology october 27-30 , 1995 keynote speaker : noam chomsky for registration materials or more information , write to : nels 26 department of linguistics and philosophy 20d-219 mit cambridge , ma 02139 usa or send e-mail to : nels26 @ mit . edu / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * nels hotel information * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * / the weekend of oct . 27-30 is one of the busiest of the year in the boston / cambridge area . nels has been able to reserve only a very limited number of rooms at block rates in the following two hotels for conference participants : days inn 1234 soldiers field rd . boston , ma 02135 ( 617 ) 254-1234 nels rates : $ 89 / single - - $ 99 / double ( mention harvard - mit linguistics dept . conference ) the days inn is approximately 15 minutes walk to the center of harvard square or 10 minutes by bus ( # 86 bus stops on western ave . directly behind the days inn and runs every 8-10 minutes for the better part of the day and evening , less frequently on off-hours and weekends / holidays ) . hyatt regency cambridge 575 memorial drive cambridge , ma ( 617 ) 492-1234 nels rates : $ 169 / night , single or double occupancy ( specify that you are attending linguistics dept . seminar oct . 26th ) the hyatt has a complimentary , on-the - hour shuttle to harvard sq . and kendall sq . ( mit ) and is located on the charles river approximately midway between the two . reservations for the above hotels should be made directly through the hotels themselves and availability will be on a first-come first-serve basis . reservations for both hotels must be made before september 25 , 1995 to obtain nels rates . nels rates : $ 169 / night , single or double occupancy ( specify that you are attending linguistics dept . seminar oct . 26th ) the hyatt has a complimentary , on-the - hour shuttle to harvard sq . and kendall sq . ( mit ) and is located on the charles river approximately midway between the two . reservations for the above hotels should be made directly through the hotels themselves and availability will be on a first-come first-serve basis . reservations for both hotels must be made * * before september 25 , 1995 * * to obtain nels rates . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ this is a further partial list of the hotels in the boston / cambridge area . it includes their phone number ( in area code 617 unless otherwise noted ) , their address , their approximate price and if they are near an mbta station ( t ) . the code for hotel prices is simple : $ a single in the hotel is generally less than us $ 100 per night ; $ $ a single is more than us $ 100 per night ; and $ $ $ a single is * much * more than us $ 100 per night . unfortunately , there is no way to know whether a given hotel will have space during the conference without calling them directly , perhaps trying several times over the next few months . alternatively , you might want to find a hotel outside of cambridge / boston . also , you might consider the following , which often works out quite well : bed & breakfast agency of boston ( also for cambridge and environs ) 720-3540 or ( 800 ) 248-9262 hotels back bay hilton 236-1100 or ( 800 ) 445-8667 dalton & belvidere st . , boston $ $ t best western homestead 491-1890 or 491-8000 220 alewife brook parkway , cambridge $ / $ $ t boston marriott cmabridge 494-6600 or ( 800 ) 228-9290 2 cambridge center , cambridge $ $ t boston park plaza 426-2000 50 park plaza , boston $ $ t charles hotel at harvard square 864-1200 1 bennett st . , cambridge $ $ $ t days inn 254-0200 1800 soldiers field rd . , brighton ( boston ) $ copley square hotel 536-9000 47 huntingdon st . , boston $ $ / $ $ $ t eliot hotel 267-1607 370 commonwealth ave . , boston $ $ / $ $ $ t * * guest quarters suites / doubletree ( address ) ( only two $ $ - it 's about the same as the hyatt prices ) located on the storrow drive side of the charles river . complimentary shuttle to harvard square ( approx 20 - minute walk to harvard square ) . harvard manor house 864-5200 110 mount auburn st . , cambridge $ / $ $ t howard johnson 's fenway motor lodge 267-8300 1271 boylston st . , boston $ t howard johnson 's motor lodge ( 800 ) 654-2000 777 memorial drive , cambridge holiday inn 628-1100 or ( 800 ) hol-iday 30 washington st . , somerville $ / $ $ holiday inn brookline 277-1200 or ( 800 ) hol-iday 1200 beacon street , brookline $ $ t holiday inn government center 742-7630 or ( 800 ) hol-iday 5 blossom st . , boston $ $ / $ $ $ t hyatt regency 492-1234 or ( 800 ) 228-9000 575 memorial drive , cambridge $ $ lenox hotel 536-5300 or ( 800 ) 225-7676 710 boylston st . , boston $ $ t midtown hotel 262-1000 or ( 800 ) 343-1177 220 huntingdon ave . , boston $ $ t omni parker house 277-8600 or ( 800 ) the-omni 60 school st . , boston $ $ t quality inn 426-1400 75 tremont st . , boston $ $ t ramada inn 254-1234 or ( 800 ) 228-2828 1234 soldiers field rd . , brighton ( boston ) $ / $ $ royal sonesta hotel 491-3600 or ( 800 ) 343-7170 5 cambridge parkway , cambridge $ $ / $ $ $ t sheraton boston 236-2000 39 dalton street , boston $ $ / $ $ $ t sheraton commander 547-5800 16 garden st . , cambridge $ $ / $ $ $ t / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * /
  """",0
  901,""""Subject: conference announcement
   
   language and knowledge : the unpacking of ` text ' the first of a series of biennial conferences on the topic of language and knowledge date : 9 - 11 septmember 1996 venue : department of english language & literature national university of singapore call for papers : both practical and theoretical papers are welcome . the organisers conceive of papers falling into the following categories : a . common sense and educational knowledge * language amd cognition * language of the preschool child in a multilingual environment * the role of language in the school - language across the curriculum - langage in the classroom - the formal teaching of ` grammar ' - materials development ( genre , metaphor , etc . _ ) - the teaching of literature ( whose literature ? ) b . language awareness in society * the languages of power ( the multilingual dimension : english , mandarin , malay , tamil , etc . ) * language and the media * language and gender * language and marginalization c . technacy , the literacy of the future * literacy in the electronic medium * creating ` text ' through electronic means ( what are the consequences ? ) * world-wide networking and access to knowledge-data bases note : papers should be no longer than 7000 words ( delivery time 40 mintues with 20 minutes for question / answer ) . selected papers will be published . abstracts of papers ( approx . 350 words ) should be directed to : dr sunita anne abraham conference secretary dept of english lang . & lit . national university of singapore 10 kent ridge crescent singapore 0511 tel : ( 065 ) 772 3928 fax : ( 065 ) 773 2981 abstracts ( in double space ) should reach dr abraham by 31 january 1996 and have the following format : name : designation / institution : category of paper : title of paper : conference registration fees : before 31 / 1 / 96 : s $ 80 + s $ 2 . 40 ( 3 % gst ) after 31 / 1 / 96 : s $ 100 + s $ 3 . 00 ( 3 % gst ) overseas participants are not requiredto pay the 3 % gst . documentary proof of overseas insitutional funding will , however , be necessary at time of payment . ( expatriates working in singapore are required to pay the 3 % gst . )
  """",0
  902,""""Subject: summer school program
   
   international summer school """""""" contemporary topics in computational linguistics """""""" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tzigov chark , bulgaria dates : 9 - 12 sept 1995 ( arrival 8 sept ) location : tzigov chark is a beautiful resort in the rhodope mountains on the shore of batak lake . tzigov chark is 150km from sofia , the capital of bulgaria . programme : 9 sept 9 . 15-13 . 00 j . tsujii ( umist , manchester , uk ) knowledge acquisition from corpora 15 . 00-18 . 15 j . hutchins ( university of east anglia , uk ) machine translation : history , current status and possible future developments 10 sept 9 . 00-12 . 45 a . joshi ( university of pennsylvania , usa ) lexicalized grammars 15 . 00-16 . 00 panel discussion : what is language engineering ? panelists : j . tsujii , y . matsumoto , j . schuetz , k . s . choi , z . yusoff , c . m . vide , r . mitkov 16 . 30-18 . 15 zaharin yusoff ( university sains malaysia ) language engineering in south - east asia 11 sept 9 . 00-12 . 45 y . matsumoto ( nara institute of science and technology , japan ) lexical knowledge acquisition 14 . 15-16 . 00 key - sun choi ( kaist , taejon , korea ) english - to - korean machine translation 16 . 15-18 . 00 r . mitkov ( iai saarbruecken / university of hamburg / institute of mathematics - sofia ) anaphora resolution in natural language processing and machine translation 12 sept 9 . 00-11 . 45 a . ramsey ( umist , manchester , uk ) interpretation in context 12 . 00-13 . 00 m . kudlek ( university of hamburg ) mathematical models of pronouns 14 . 30-16 . 30 w . von hahn ( university of hamburg , germany ) knowledge - based machine aided translation 16 . 45-18 . 30 c . martin - vide ( universidad rovira i virgilli , tarragona , spain ) grammar systems summer school information : for further information please contact : nicolas nicolov < nicolas @ edinburgh . aisb . ac . uk > or prof . ruslan mitkov < ruslan @ iai . uni-sb . de > accommodation : the summer school will take place in hotel """""""" orpheus """""""" , tzigov chark , which accomodates up to 50 participants . we have chosen a small and cosy conference hotel to create a better and friendlier working and social environment : however this implies restrictions on the availability of single rooms and participants will be normally offered to share 2 - bed rooms . those interested in attending the summer school are encouraged to register as early as possible . location and transportation : tzigov chark is situated on the shore of the beautiful batak lake in the western rhodope mountains and is 150km from sofia , the capital of bulgaria . the local organisers will provide a daily shuttle bus / conference taxi from sofia airport to the summer school location at an inexpensive rate . sofia is easily accessible by plane from most major european cities ( e . g . daily flights or several flights per week from london , frankfurt , paris , zurich , vienna and other european cities ) . there are also direct flights to sofia from north america ( new york , toronto ) and asia ( singapore , bangkok , kuala lumpur ) . in order to enable the local organisers to plan the shuttle service efficiently , please contact victoria arranz < victoria @ ccl . umist . ac . uk > with details about your journey ( arrival / departure time and date ) at least 2 weeks before you leave for the summer school . related events : the summer school participants are also invited to take part in the int . conference """""""" recent advances in natural language processing """""""" , which will take place immediately after the summer school in the same hotel . further information about the conference can be obtained from : prof . r . mitkov < ruslan @ iai . uni-sb . de > or nicolas nicolov < nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk > or you can have a look at the conference www page at url : http : / / www . dai . ed . ac . uk / misc / nlp _ conf . html registration for the summer school : kindly note that the bank processing charges are at the expense of the participants . international summer school """""""" contemporary topics in computational linguistics """""""" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration form name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration fee . . . . . : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 usd for industrial participants 110 usd for academic staff 80 usd for students accommodation + half-board : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 30 usd per day per person ) specify days - sept 1995 . : [ ] 8 , [ ] 9 , [ ] 10 , [ ] 11 , [ ] 12 , [ ] 13 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = total amount in usd sent . : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date of bank transfer . . . : 1995 bank transfer reference no : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to bank account ( tick one ) : [ ] bank . . . . : amex account no . : 00710 756 of first private bank pls , bulgaria instructions : for onward credit to first private bank , shoumen branch - nikolai nikolov account in usd : 95079620 4 1 00 2560 1 4 * or * [ ] bank . . . . : citibank new york account no . : 36015 992 of first private bank pls , bulgaria instructions : for onward credit to first private bank , shoumen branch - nikolai nikolov account in usd : 95079620 4 1 00 2560 1 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email your registration forms to : nicolas nicolov < nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk >
  """",0
  903,""""Subject: judgment fatigue : summary , part i
   
   summary of responses to request for information on judgment fatigue ( also called syntactic satiation ) original post : linguist list : vol-6 - 974 . mon jul 17 1995 . issn : 1068-4875 . special thanks to the following respondents : kimberly barskaitiki , tim beasley , elizabeth bergman , michael bernstein , vivian cook , joseph davis , rianne doeleman , karen emmorey , suzette haden elgin , ted harding , stephen helmreich , erika l . konrad , john e . limber , bruce nevin , john robert ross , carson t schutze , linda shockey , william snyder , karin stromswold , joyce tang boyland , anyone i may have missed , and anyone who thought about responding but has n't yet . karin stromswold and william snyder have actually investigated this phenomenon . i have not read either of their papers yet , but i look forward to doing so . william snyder ( snyder @ psyche . mit . edu ) presented a poster on this topic at lsa 1994 , which was mentioned in rick hudson 's summary post of july 29 , 1994 . individual 's interested in dr . snyder 's poster should contact him directly . hudson 's post ( linguist list : vol-5 - 855 . fri 29 jul 1994 . issn : 1068-4875 . ) summarized the literature available which addresses the difference between linguists ' and non-linguists ' intuitions . hudson also mentions ( but does not cite ) four references provided by joyce tang boyland regarding satiation effects ( both syntactic and semantic ) . hudson 's original post is available from linguist list archives . joyce tang boyland 's response is included below ( in part ii of post , following ) . karin stromswold 's response ( karin @ muddle . rutgers . edu ) was my connection to snyder , hudson , and boyland . her post is most relevant to my original query and is included in its entirety below ( in part ii of post , following ) . most responses mentioned the influence of continual or repeated exposure over a period of time , either mentioning examples similar to perceptual or semantic satiation such as a word-repetition effect . ( bergman , cook , davis , doeleman , haden elgin , harding , helmreich , limber , schutze , snyder , stromswold , tang boyland ) . there are many differences , however , between the effects of semantic satiation and """""""" syntactic satiation """""""" or judgment fatigue : first , semantic satiation is the detachment of form and meaning which occurs as you continuously repeat some lexical item ( see also stromswold 's post below ) . judgment fatigue , in contrast , cannot be induced by the repeated presentation of any sentence . in fact , published experiments by nagata show that raters ' intuitions only become more stringent on repeated presentation . second , the loss of the meaning of a sentence is not an effect of judgment fatigue . the meaning of the sentence may be quite lucid to the individual reading it , but that individual 's attention is focused upon some aspect of the grammatical acceptability of the sentence , and it is the ability to judge grammatical acceptability which is lost , not the ability to make sense of the utterance . third , while the particular characteristics of the stimuli which induce judgment fatigue are not yet fully established , it appears that different types of sentences induce the effect to different degrees ( stromswold , snyder as cited in hudson 's post ) . this is not the case for semantic satiation , where the repetition of any lexical item can induce the effect . fourth , the """""""" scanting out """""""" effect as noted by haj ross points out that the loss of intuition can be triggered by one single stimuli , not necessarily the repeated presentation of numerous stimuli ( relevant quote posted below ) . conversely , subjects can rate hundreds of stimuli on the basis of grammaticality , with no fatigue effect ( beyond boredom ) , even if the stimuli contain permutation of the same lexical items , be they open or closed class items . note that point four is definitely true in the case that the stimuli are all dichotomously """""""" great - - grammatical """""""" or """""""" horrible - - ungrammatical """""""" . there is a definite influence of marginality , an effect which , to date , i believe no one has explained . fifth , semantic satiation ( as well as perceptual fatigue effects ) is often attributed to some type of neurological fatigue at the cortical level . this could not be the ( only ) reason for judgment fatigue , however , because there may not be any single word or syntactic structure which is repeated in all of the stimuli ( such as could be the case for judgment fatigue induced by the scope of negation or negative polarity items ) . for this reason , it would be quite implausible to claim that judgment fatigue is the result of some type of physiological / chemical / neurological saturation which has occurred at the cortical level . at this point , i do not believe judgment fatigue and semantic satiation have much in common as behavioral disturbances . ( incidently , while i am not an expert on semantic satiation , i have not yet been forced by the evidence to believe that semantic satiation is the result of a low-level neurological fatigue . perceptual fatigue is a neurological phenomenon , but i attribute semantic satiation to other conceptual strategies . ) many linguists ( beasley , nevin , konrad , and one anonymous ) also observed ' that the longer you stay in linguistics , the less you speak english . ' to quote from bruce nevin 's response : < < a student was once asked , in my hearing , if a certain famous linguist was a native speaker of english . the reply : ' i think he used to be . ' > > hudson 's previous summation further confirms that linguists and non-linguists do demonstrate significantly different abilities in discriminating grammatical and ungrammatical sentences . this type of long-term """""""" drift """""""" of linguists ' judgments may be of interest in its own regard , but this type of """""""" judgment drift """""""" is not identical to the temporary loss of linguistic intuition which i intended to address . as noted by beasley and konrad , it may indeed be the case that exposure to second languages , exposure to dialects different from ones native dialect , or exposure to a large number of perhaps marginal sentences which occur rarely in natural spoken or written contexts ( such as sentences demonstrating violations of theoretical principals such as """""""" weak crossover """""""" or """""""" island constraints """""""" , for example ) may actually alter an individual 's criteria for grammatical acceptability . if one understands judgments of grammatical acceptability to be metalinguistic type-categorizations , then one may expect that an individual 's discriminative ability will be altered based upon that individual 's personal experiences with exemplars of the categories . others commented that judgment fatigue does not happen if the stimuli are contextualized ( davis , nevin ) or if the referential situation is more concrete rather than abstract ( davis , doeleman , nevin ) . this is not the case . a loss of linguistic intuition of grammatical acceptability definitely can happen spontaneously , such as while one is listening to a conversation or reading texts , regardless of the concreteness of the topic , with the following qualifications : judgment fatigue is inspired only by particular types of stimuli ( which have not yet been clearly defined , but see part ii of post , following ) and by the listener 's / reader 's focus upon the grammar of the utterance or sentence . other individuals related hard-to - comprehend sentences as examples inducing judgment fatigue . some such sentences , notably sentences involving scope ambiguity , may induce confusion , but confusion is not synonymous with the loss of ones own linguistic intuitions . for ambiguous or confusing stimuli , we say , """""""" someone should rewrite this sentence . it is ambiguous ( or anomalous ) . """""""" when we have judgment fatigue , we say , """""""" i ' m a monoglot , but damned if i can decide whether this sentence is grammatical . i sure do n't feel like a native english speaker ! """""""" lastly , some responses or general expressions of empathy or encouragement , and actual examples ( barskaitiki , emmorey , shockey ) . thank you again to all who responded . if you are interested in the current proposal for my experiments , or if you would like to hear more about the results and conclusions from the experiments when i am finished running them , please contact me . please see part ii ( posted separately ) for selected quotes from respondents .
  """",0
  904,""""Subject: judgment fatigue , summary part ii : stromswold , ross , tang boyland , be
   
   asley the following are what i found to be especially informative quotes from four individual respondents who gave specific comments regarding the types of stimuli which tend to induce judgment fatigue . kimberly barskaitiki also sent a long , specific , detailed response with many interesting examples . ( thank you ! ) her response is not included here because it presented fewer strong , testable , theoretical claims . ( i must note here that ross and beasley are quoted without their expressed permission , for which i hereby beseech the authors ' belated dispensations . i post all comments here in only the most charitable light , with the hope of sharing the author 's experience and information . ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * > as a graduate student at mit in 1986 , i wrote a paper on the > phenomenon you described for a course i took with merrill garrett . i > dubbed the phenomenon """""""" syntactic satiation """""""" as a nod to work on > semantic satiation ( the widely studied phenomenon that words loose > their ' meaning ' on repeated presentation . e . g . . , repeat the word > """""""" snow """""""" 20 times and it starts sounding funny . and you can't come up > with as many semantically associated words like """""""" ice """""""" and """""""" cold """""""" ) . > > the study was n't rigorously done and i never attempted to publish the > paper ( which was called """""""" syntactic satiation ) , but what i discovered > was > > 1 ) with repeated judgments , subjects ' judgments got less certain and > reliable ( some subjects explicitly said they were n't sure anymore ) . > but even before subjects ' lost confidence in their judgments / made > mistakes , they got much slower in making judgments . > > 2 ) syntactic satiation seems to be relatively specific . for example , > i had my subjects make repeated judgments of wh-questions ( e . g . , > that-t , long distance , island etc . ) and i found that their ability to > judge wh-questiosn was impaired , but not their ability to judge other > stimuli ( e . g . , double object datives ) > > 3 ) satiation did * not * occur when subjects were asked to make > judgments about semantic plausibility ( where implausible > sentences involved violations of animacy restrictions , e . g . , > the juice spilled the child that stained the rug ) > > 4 ) i also did n't get any clear evidence of satiation at the > morphological level ( e . g . , asking subjects to judge sentences > with case / tense violations , e . g . , i gave it to he ; she give him a book ) > > 5 ) rate of presentation seemed to be an important factor in inducing > satiation . if subjects are urged to go quickly , they satiate faster . > this goes along with findings in the semantic satiation where whether > semantic priming or satiation occurs seems to depend on rate of > presentation ( at least in part ) . > > 6 ) being forced to make ungraded judgments ( i . e . , good vs . bad with no > intermediate judgments allowed ) also seemed to induce faster satiation > > 7 ) satiation seems to be temporary , although i can't say what the > refractory period is . it is probably less than 1 month ( the interval > i retested at ) > > 8 ) i did n't detect satiation when i gave subjects mixtures of sentences > to judge ( in my case , datives , passives , wh-questions , and tense / case ) . > > when i did the lit review for the paper , i found a few other studies > that looked at things related to syntactic satiation / syntactic priming . > i will see if i can dig up the paper and find the references for you . > also , william snyder at mit presented a poster ( ? ) at the lsa conference > in 1994 ( ? ) where he looked at this phenomenon . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * > from john robert ( haj ) ross ( fj44 @ jove . acs . unt . edu ) : > . . . the term i remember > being in on the birth of was actually """""""" to scant out """""""" , the term being > proposed by arnold zwicky and me , and doubltless others , in the summer of > 1963 , while we were working at mitre corporation in bedford mass , and > scanting out was a common hazard . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * > from joyce tang boyland : > much of the information i have comes from responses i received to a > query i posted to linguist list about 4 years ago . > . . . one of the refs was for carson schutze 's ma thesis . the others > i think were only old cognitive psych papers on semantic not syntactic > satiation . i can dig them up if you are still interested . basically > i do n't think there has been much actual research on the subject ; > schutze 's lit review was very thorough but he only mentioned one or two > not very conclusive pieces of research on satiation . i ' m very glad you > are planning to research this experimentally . i used to have stronger > opinions on this than i do now , but i do think that syntactic satiation > does happen . i think that knowing about it ought to have an effect on the > practice of linguistics , and i would also say that it has some implications > for theories of acquisition and of historical language change , which i can > expound on further if you are interested . > > another thought is that there are at least two different things going on in > syntactic and semantic satiation . from the linguist query i posted several > years ago , i gathered that haj ross some time ago coined the phrase """""""" scanting > out """""""" to describe the experience of losing one 's intuition on what the word > """""""" scant """""""" means and can be used for after thinking about it overtly for too long ; > i think this is a case of excessive meta-linguistic attention interfering with > what one would normally know , like the millipede in the fable being asked how > it could possibly walk and then it could n't walk anymore . when i was little i > used to play with saying a word over and over to myself until it became only a > sequence of sounds without meaning ; this might have been a similar phenomenon . > i see this as a sort of evaporating of subconscious associations or constraint s > ( for lack of better terminology ) when under the spotlight of consciousness . > > i think a second process , in syntactic satiation in particular , is similar > to something that 's being studied in social psychology , which is that the > frequency of your witnessing something may affect how acceptable you think > it is , if you did n't have an opinion on it in the first place ( which people > often do n't have on linguistic constructions ) . ( having an opinion in the > first place , if i remember correctly , is something that the researcher whom > schutze cites did not control for . my copy of s is in another building at the > moment . ) ( i am reconstructing vague memories very freely here , so i may not > be reflecting the literature faithfully , but these are the lines along which > i am thinking . ) so in this case people won't be * losing * all * the > associations or constraints that a word or construction would normally have , > but rather , a * particular * type of use they hear which violates a particular > constraint may become * more * acceptable * . the gross effect of certain uses > becoming more acceptable may appear to be the same as the millipede effect , > since one 's intuitions are changing , but more careful inspection should show > a different fine structure . > i suppose i might as well add here that the degree to which a construction > is susceptible to satiation effects ( this latter one esp . ) might well be a > measure of its susceptibility to ( or even progress towards ) grammaticalization . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * > from tim beasley ( tbeasley @ ucla . edu ) > a few things cause my intuition to crash and burn . > > the most frustrating and reliable is judging individual items in a list of > sentences , and ranking them from ok to ? to ? * to * . if i start from the ok > side , i will over-accept sentences . if i start from the * side , i will > over-reject sentences . it 's worst when the sentences proceed stepwise , > changing one lexical or syntactic feature ( especially small ones ) . and when > the person asking me to rank them interacts , asking me if i ' m sure . > > i . e . , i become muddled if , in comparing sentences , i accept one , and then > realize that the second is some sort of extension of or analogical to the > first . if the first is right , then the second _ must _ be right . and then the > third must be ok . er , well , no , but that does n't stop me . > > similarly , comparing two quasi-homonymous structures or lexemes in a battery > of sentences designed to elicit the differences between them usually results > in really , really bad results . one such test posted to linguist caused me > to alter my own usage for several weeks . > > lexical items that cause me to stumble regularly : any , all . often there > will be one very blatant reading of a sentence ; if somebody suggests a > second interpretation , my intuition curls up to hibernate for the duration . > in a word : s-c - o-p - e . other problems with scope crop up , too ( negation , > adjectives , etc . ) . [ . . . reference to interference from experience with different languages . . . ] > i ' ve come to assume that the linguistic muddle ( apart from inter-language > problems ) results from attempting to find a coherent , rational meaning for > the sentences . agreement and other such grammatical errors are trivial to > spot , usually . otherwise , if the task succeeds , i assume the sentence must > be ok , unless there is some clear , overwhelming error in word choice , focus , > government , etc . lists of marginal sentences weaken my sense of what a > clear error is as i move my ok / not-ok boundary marker ( my perception of the > norm ) to allow for marginalia and enable me to interpret the next in a > series of increasingly aberrant sentences . > [ . . . another reference to experience with different dialects of english . . . ] > in any case , it takes a leap of humility to realize when i can no longer > judge sentences in my native language . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * end of post - - - bjl
  """",0
  905,""""Subject: sum : walloon
   
   several weeks ago i posted a passage in the local walloon of the bastogne area of belgium and asked for a translation . i had quite a number of responses , and it appears that the responders had a good time wrestling with the passage . here is the passage : i - gn-e ` a po ^ pre ` s kinze ans du d ' ci , dj ' asto amon albe ^ rt le ` yona ^ rd e ` t dj ' rawa ^ rdo pace k ' on m ' avot dit k ' ou profe ` sseu ^ r do se ' mine ^ re vlot nos ve ` y po pa ^ rler do walon . dju m ' sovin co k ' dj ' e ^ dmande ' a c , ' momint la : < < kin - a ^ dje k ' il e ` , don c , ' cure ' la ? > > dj ' e ^ vite avou compris k ' i n ' astot nin pus cure ' k ' mi , surtout cand dj ' l ' e ^ ve ` you avou oune be ` le djon . ne bwe ^ ce ` le ki n ' compurdot we ^ re lu walon , me ^ s k ' astot bin de ` cide ' a l ' aprinde avou de ` s profe ` sseu ^ rs come pierrot , come jeannot , come roger , ou come mi , di-st - i l ' fou . and here is the consensus translation : il y a a ` peu pre ` s quinze ans d ' ici , j ' e ' tais chez < < albert le ' onard > > et j ' attendais parce qu ' on m ' avait dit qu ' un professeur du se ' minaire voulait nous voir pour parler du wallon . je me souviens ce que j ' ai demande ' a ` ce moment-la ` : < < quel a ^ ge a-t - il donc , ce cure ' - la ` ? > > j ' avais vite compris qu ' il n ' e ' tais pas plus cure ' que moi , surtout quand je l ' ai vu avec une belle jeune demoiselle qui ne comprenait gue ` re le wallon , mais qui e ' tait bien de ' cide ' e a ` l ' apprendre avec des professeurs comme pierrot , comme jeannot , comme roger , ou comme moi , dit-il , le fou . there were some uncertainties and disagreements ; i ' ve gone with the majority view in each case . the biggest problem was the very last bit , which caused havoc , though the gist of it seems generally clear . there was some disagreement as to whether it was the non-priest or the young girl who wanted to learn walloon ; most people went for the woman , which is what the syntax appears to say . the strange form < rawa ^ rdo > in the second line appears to be the same word as french < regarder > , but i am told that , in northern dialects , this word is widely used in the sense of ` wait , wait for , watch for ' . another headache was the word < bwe ^ ce ` le > in line 6 . this clearly means something like < demoiselle > , and it is possibly the same word as french < pucelle > ` virgin , maiden ' , which is unlikely to be the sense intended . i am told that speakers of walloon are now generally elderly , apart from some younger people who are enthusiasts ( though the belgian student i consulted here told me she had a friend who spoke walloon ) . some younger people of limited education are also said to have a grasp of the variety , and , engagingly , i am told that obscenities and insults tend to persist especially well . one respondent objected to my speaking of walloon as a dialect of french , preferring to see it as a distinct language . here 's an english version : it 's fifteen years ago now ; i was at the """""""" albert leonard """""""" [ institute ] and i was curious because i had been told that a teacher from the seminary wanted to see us to talk about walloon . i still remember what i was wondering at that moment : """""""" so how old is that priest ? """""""" i quickly understood that he was no more a priest than i was , particularly when i saw him with a beautiful young girl who scarcely knew any walloon but who was determined to learn it from teachers like pierrot , like jannot , like roger , or like me ; that 's what he said , the fool . the passage was written by m . georges pasau , pre 's ident du muse ' e de la parole au pays de bastogne ; it appeared in issue 4 ( 1994 ) of the magazine _ singuliers _ , which is devoted to walloon . this was a special number given over to the publication of a new dictionary of walloon . the dictionary is michel francard ( 1994 ) , _ dictionnaire des parlers wallons du pays de bastogne _ , brussels : deboeck / universite ' , isbn 2-8041 - 1957 - 2 . francard is professor of romance linguistics at the university of louvain in belgium ; his address is faculte ' des lettres , universite ' catholique de louvain , louvain - le - nauve , belgium , and his e-mail is francard @ frwa . ucl . ac . be . i have n't consulted him yet , but plan to do so . the orthography used here for walloon was , i believe , invented by francard specifically for the dictionary . the dictionary contains some nice dialect maps and some linguistic information about walloon . my thanks to jean - francois carrasco , richard coates , jean - francois delannoy , roger feron , frederik fouvry , vincent granville , ted harding , yolande meessen , philippe mennecier , bernd moebius ( and his mother ! ) , joseph reisdoerfer , thierry j . van steenberghe , guido vanden wyngaerd , and max wheeler . larry trask cogs university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh england larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk
  """",0
  906,""""Subject: sum : english dialect sample sources
   
   these are the responses to my query about finding audio samples of dialects of english . thanks for the suggestions and comments below ; i take the liberty of quoting most of them in full . in addition to the items mentioned below , i managed to locate : ( 1 ) a 1971 bbc recording entitled """""""" english with a dialect """""""" which contains 24 short samples of british english dialects and 8 more of """""""" irish , scottish and welsh accents . """""""" the record jacket says that the record was produced """""""" to provide a tool of the actor 's craft , """""""" and for use in classrooms . i find it fascinating , and believe it will be extremely valuable to me . ( 2 ) a collection of cassettes with accompanying manual , entitled """""""" acting with an accent , """""""" by david a . stern . these are also aimed at actors who need to portray non-native english speakers . however , i found most of them not to be useful as classroom materials ; they stereotype the two or three most prominent pronunciation features of the various speakers when speaking english , rather than providing students with a real understanding of dialect , nor even of phonological interference mechanisms in second language learning . my other responses and comments are interpolated in the quotations , within [ ] . apologies for the length of this summary . louis b . hillman lbhndp @ rit . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i ' ve found quite a lot of tapes that are available commercially as supplements ( bought separately ) to the following books : j . c . wells , accents of english . cambridge up 1992 . ( whole world ) a . hughes and p . trudgill , english accents and dialects . 2nd edition . arnold 1979 / 1987 . ( uk only ) d . freeborn , varieties of english . macmillan . 1987 . ( uk and w . indies only ; some fascinating material for other aspects of socio as well as accents . ) i think they ' re all available just like books . they tend to cost about 7 pounds sterling . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the following resources will guide you to free and commercially available recordings of north american english dialects : donna christian , 1986 , american english speech recordings : a guide to collections . washington , d . c . : center for applied linguistics . michael d . linn and marrit - hannele zuber , 1984 , the sound of english : a bibliography of language recordings . urbana il , ncte . michael d . linn , 1993 , appendix : resources for research . in dennis r . preston ( ed . ) , american dialect research , amsterdam : benjamins , pp . 433-50 . a few other specifics which may not be mentioned in the above ( and if they are i apologize ) : 1 ) longish recordings from inland northern , brooklyn ny , eastern new england , south midland , phildelphia , and alabama were available on a record from ncte entitled ' americans speaking . ' there is an an accompanying booklet ( by raven mcdavid and john muri ) with the same title ; it has the texts for a reading passage , transcriptions of free conversation , and lists of features . it is dated 1967 and may be out of print , but it is worth a try at ncte . [ alice horning ( horning @ jupiter . acs . oakland . edu ) also mentioned this recording . i found a copy and i must warn you that this copy , at least , is in _ 78 _ rpm _ format ! ! no publication date . i plan to copy it - - as soon as i find suitable equipment . lh ] 2 ) there is an old record called ' our changing language ' jointly published by ncte and mcgraw - hill . it contains fifteen or more reading passages from all over the us and canada . if it is still available , it is well worth digging out ; it is the best selection of short samples i have heard . it is also by raven mcdavid and has good commentary on the record jacket . it has , as well , a lot of stuff on the history of english in general , but the dialect samples really cover the territory . ( the drawback is that they are old recordings and do not illustrate some on-going sound changes very dramatically , particualrly the northern cities shift . ) [ i found this recording ; in addition to the american dialect passages , it contains several interesting passages comparing british and american speech . it also contains readings from old english ( """""""" beowulf """""""" ) ; middle english ( chaucer ) ; and early modern english ( shakespeare ) . the narrator 's dialect is itself interesting , by the way , as an example of the """""""" radio announcer """""""" dialect of the period . published in 1965 ; 33rpm format . lh ] 3 ) there are some recordings which accompany two books : timothy shopen and joseph williams , 1980 , standards and dialects in english , cambridge ma : winthrop ; and diane bryen , cheryl hartmen , and pearl tait , 1978 , variant english , columbus oh : charles merrill . both are rather more sociolinguistically than geographically oriented . the christian , linn and zuber , and linn bibliographies will give you the best coverage of what is available in american english dialect recordings ( and , nicely , how to get them ) . more better : most are free . [ oh , yes ; free _ is _ the best price , is n't it ? lh ] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - there is a cassette that goes with trudgill and hannah 's international english : a guide to varieties of standard english which contains a passage in thirteen different dialects , ten of which are non - north american . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - what i have been using lately , for reasons of my own , are tapes of poetry readings ; the trick is to find poets who are good exemplars of various dialects . audio - forum and caedmon are the two biggest suppliers , i think . a - f 's address is 96 broad street , guilford ct , 06437 ; i do n't know caedmon 's offhand . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the ohio state language files publishers , advocate publishing group of reynoldsburg , oh , used to have a set of tapes illustrating a range of dialects . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - just an idea . . . . you may be able to get some more samples of international english dialects by recording from short-wave broadcasts .
  """",0
  907,""""Subject: e-mail citation summary
   
   about a week ago i posted a query asking how to cite e-mail messages . i 'd like to thank the following people for their prompt and informative responses : david stampe joseph tomei meg gam bert peters alfred rosa bparker ( only e-mail address given ) f . gladney marty jacobsen elizabeth m . bergman dorine houston susan fagyal debra hardison several style manuals were recommended . the latest editions of the mla , apa and chicago all make reference to electronic sources . xai li and nancy b . crane 's book electronic style was recommended by several people . the publisher ( ? ) allyn & bacon is also making a style guide available . three electronic guides were also recommended ; the faq file of the group """""""" alt . usage . english """""""" available from """""""" misreal @ scripps . edu """""""" , a file on the tesl - l mailing list and a previous posting to linguist list vol 6-210 mon 13 feb 1995 . i have a copy of this last source which i am willing to forward to anyone interested ( note this message also explains how to get the tesl list ) . besides giving me references , many of those responding cautioned me to get the permission of my sources before citing them . there are at least two reasons for this ; first many people respond to queries off the top of their heads without double checking their facts and second while willing to respond to one query many people may not want to set themselves as a source to be consulted by anyone doing research on the subject in question . in most situations , i have come to the conclusion that personal e-mail should be cited as personal communications , which is enough to indicate that the information is not original to the author without making any promises that the source will act as a reference . ( co - incidentally this is the solution suggested by about half of my respondents ) . however a posting to a list ( like this summary ) which is available to anyone and which can be accessed without contacting the author directly should be cited according to the style guide of your choice or in such a way that it can be easily found . heather anderson hmanders @ indiana . edu
  """",0
  908,""""Subject: q : help with french translation
   
   i need help with the translation of the french word """""""" barine """""""" . from the context ( a song by augusta holme ` s , including the lines """""""" je suis ivan , fils du barine """""""" ) i infer that it 's some member of russian nobility , but have been unable to find it in 4 dictionaries . please e-mail responses directly to me , as this can't really be of wide interest . thanks . susan fischer
  """",0
  909,""""Subject: q : processing of japanese text / database ; word frequencies
   
   i am posting this on behalf of a colleague who is not on the list . she is going to perform psycholinguistic experiments on japanese morphology and needs a number of things for her preparatory work . first of all she needs to find dictionaries or ( preferred ) lexical databases which contain reliable and _ recent _ information on word frequencies ( her main emphasis will be on verb morphology ) ; we already know of one dictionary but this is at least forty years old . can anyone on the list point us to such dictionaries or databases ? - if not , is anyone aware of machine-redable corpora of japanese texts of everyday use ( papers , magazines ) from which she could extract the desired frequencies ? our next problem is to find windows ( truetype or atm ) - fonts of kanj and kana alphabets ( kana would be the more important ) , because these are input to the software that handles the experiments . we are aware of njstar for dos and """""""" jwp """""""" , a ' japanese word processor ' for windows , which would suffice as a word processor as such , but it uses an internal font format to which our onversion tool has no access . besides of that having truetype fonts would make building our own databases a lot easier , because we would be able to use windows standard-software , so far we have only been informed of a rather adventurous way of feeding the output of a dos database into njstar to print index cards in a library . by the way - i have heard of a japanese edition of aldus ' pagemaker - does it come with fonts ? we would be grateful for any hint and we promise to post a summary . thanks in advance christian * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * christian kissing dept . of linguistics universitaet duesseldorf home : universtaetsstrasse 1 neusser strasse 17 d-40225 duesseldorf 50670 koeln tel . : + 49 + 211 / 311-4797 0221 / 779061 fax . : + 49 + 211 / 311-5180 email : kissing @ ling . uni-duesseldorf . de * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  910,""""Subject: q : chess - game of kings ? ( english )
   
   while proofreading a translation of a text into english i found a reference to chess as """""""" the game of kings """""""" . this expression is a literal translation of an equivalent hebrew expression . the english sources i know use the term """""""" the royal game """""""" ( which may well be the source for the hebrew expression , king and royal being derived from the same root ) . in english """""""" game of kings """""""" sounds a bit off to me . i would be grateful if anyone could tell me whether one of those expressions is preferable to the other . thanks uri bruck bruck @ actcom . co . il
  """",0
  911,""""Subject: articulatory sinthesizer
   
   i ' m posting this message to ask if anyone knows of available articulatory synthesizer , commercial or public . i ' m working in a project about phonetic development from an articulatory approach . please respond to my personal address . thank in advance . alejandro c . renato dept . of computation fac . cs . exactas y nat . universidad de buenos aires arenato @ zorzal . dc . uba . ar
  """",0
  912,""""Subject: iawe : conference alert
   
   """""""" third international conference of world englishes """""""" december 19-21 , 1996 third international conference of world englishes organized by the international association for world englishes ( iawe ) will be held on december 19-21 , 1996 in honolulu , hawaii , usa . proposals for presentations , colloquia , and interest group meetings are due before june 1 , 1996 . the 2nd iawe conference was held in nagoya , japan , may 25-28 , 1995 . it was a great success . for details about iawe 1996 contact : larry e . smith dean & director program on education and training east - west center 1777 east - west rd . , honolulu , hi 96848 tel : ( 808 ) 944-7634 fax : ( 808 ) 944-7634 e - mail : smithl @ ewc . bitnet for membership of iawe please contact : professor cecil nelson department of english indiana state university terre haute , in 47809 , usa e - mail : ejcln @ root . indstate . edu
  """",0
  913,""""Subject: query : preserving field recordings
   
   i have a question about preserving regular * analog * recordings made in the field . i work in rural chinese , and for the most part i collect inventories of lexicon , along with some texts . for ordinary background recording of interviews i have been using a $ 45 panasonic microcassette recorder on half-speed , which does * quite * serviceably even without an external mic . i intend to use ordinary high-bias non-metal cassettes for material i want to work with in some detail , such as stories , conversations , and recitation . i can transfer that to micro-cassette for transcription , so that the master remains in good condition . what concerns me is finding a way to preserve material originally made on analog tape . tapes mildew rapidly in taiwan and southern china , and even in seattle and new york i have had tapes become unplayable after a number of years in storage . i was thinking that if there were some inexpensive and painless way to digitize ordinary analog tapes , i could transfer them to cd here at my school , for only the price of the cd itself ( about $ 12 ) . one problem is wasted space : i can only fit 74 minutes of uncompressed sound on a cd , because one seems to have no choice but to record in stereo , even if the original source is mono . does anyone have any experience with this ? i could get far more material onto a cd if i compressed it but i do n't want to do that , because i have no confidence that today 's compression protocols will be readable in 20 or 50 years - remember the data from the 1960 us census , which was stored on magnetic tape and could no longer be read by the mid - 1980 's ? if something is important enough to preserve on cd , i do n't want it to become unreadable in a few decades . i 'd appreciate hearing any ideas on long-term storage . also , if anyone has ideas about why digital equipment might still be preferable for my work , i 'd like to hear them . i will summarize the responses i get . sincerely , david prager branner , yuen ren society asian l&l , do-21 , university of washington seattle , wa 98195 usa < charmii @ u . washington . edu > web : http : / / weber . u . washington . edu / ~ yuenren / circular . html
  """",0
  914,""""Subject: what non-linguists notice about speech
   
   i am looking for information on the investigation of what non-linguists notice about spoken language . which aspects of spoken language ( phonological , syntactical , lexical , and so on ) catch people 's attention , and how do non - linguists understand and categorize their awareness of others ' speech ? if anyone knows of research in this area , i would be grateful to hear about it . s . krainz ( v367my88 @ ubvms . cc . buffalo . edu )
  """",0
  915,""""Subject: help : teaching stress in intro phonetics
   
   does anybody have any hints on how to help undergrads in an introductory phonetics class learn to hear lexical stress ( that is , to identify the syllable in a word that receives primary stress ) , particulary in ameng ? the two """""""" helps """""""" i know are 1 ) say the word several times , over-emphasizing one syllable at a time ( i ' ve just done this by example , using extreme f0 & intensity variation ) . one production should sound reasonably normal and the rest should sound pretty odd ; or 2 ) tap your finger as you say the word ; folks usually tap on the stressed syllable . while most students i ' ve had seem to grasp this fairly quickly , i still have a few who , after numerous examples , look at me as if i ' m being utterly mystical . some of these are non-native speakers of english , but not all . i realize that this question calls up all sorts of issues on the nature of stress and its perception , but before one can address those at all it 's necessary to introduce the concept somehow , and so far my experience has been that introductory discussions of stress in phonetics texts ultimately assume that speakers can pretty reliably """""""" hear stress """""""" once the phenomenon is pointed out to them - - that is , that there 's something intuitively obvious about the notion of a stressed syllable . but what about those students / speakers who apparently find nothing intuitive about it ? thanks laura l . koenig ( koenig @ haskins . yale . edu )
  """",0
  916,""""Subject: learning styles and strategies research
   
   i am currently involved in research on how individuals learn ( 1 ) language ( s ) and ( 2 ) general knowledge ( i . e . , factual information ) . while there is con - siderable research on students ' learning strategies ( techniques such as rote - memorizing , writing notes , practicing aloud , studying in groups / alone , immersin g oneself in a language / culture , reading texts , listening to lectures , working with materials in a hands-on manner , etc ) , there appears to be little data on the preferred styles and strategies of individuals who continue to be immersed in a """""""" learning """""""" environment such as schools , colleges and universities - in other words , teachers , instructors , researchers , lecturers , etc . i would appreciate any feedback members of this list could provide con - cerning ( 1 ) their personal learning style ( e . g . , habitual mode of learning new material ) , ( 2 ) their preferred learning strategies for languages and / or factual information , and ( 3 ) their opinion on whether they believe ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) may influence their lecturing or teaching style . i would like to thank you in advance for your input on this matter . please respond to : karen woodman kwoodman @ uvvm . uvic . ca
  """",0
  917,""""Subject: fifth international conference on chinese linguistics
   
   the fifth international conference on chinese linguistics first announcement june 27-29 , 1996 the graduate institute of linguistics of national tsing hua university at hsin - chu , taiwan , is pleased to host the fifth international conference on chinese linguistics ( iccl - 5 ) in the summer of 1996 . interested linguists are cordially invited to participate in the conference . important dates : deadline for abstracts : december 31 , 1995 notification of acceptance : february 15 , 1996 deadline for preregistration : may 31 , 1996 conference dates : june 27-29 , 1996 call for abstracts and ysa papers abstracts of original studies in all aspects of chinese linguistics are invited . each abstract is not to exceed one a4 or letter-sized page , and is to be contained within a 16cm x 25cm ( 6in . x 10in . ) area . three copies of the abstract are required . due to budgetary limitations , we can only acknowledge by email the receipt of abstracts . if the abstract is sent via fax or email , a camera-ready copy of the abstract bearing name ( s ) and affiliation ( s ) of the author ( s ) is required before may 31 for inclusion in the conference handbook . please note that the right to present a paper at iccl - 5 is reserved for members of the international association of chinese linguistics ( iacl ) . ask the iccl - 5 organizing committee for a membership application form . applicants for young scholar award ( ysa ) should send a single-authored full paper ( maximum 25 pages ) in either english or chinese , with a one-page abstract as specified above , before december 31 , 1995 . three copies of the paper and the abstract are required . only scholars aged 35 or younger or below the rank of associate professor ( us / chinese system ) or senior lecturer ( british system ) are eligible . proof of age or rank should be provided at the time of submission . recipients will be given subsidies to attend iccl - 5 where the award will be presented . please address papers and abstracts , as well as inquiries and requests , to : iccl - 5 organizing committee graduate institute of linguistics national tsing hua university hsin - chu 300 taiwan tel : + 886 35 718615 fax : + 886 35 725994 email : iccl5 @ ling . nthu . edu . tw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iccl - 5 reply slip please fill out the following form and send it to the following address so that we can keep you informed . reply slips sent by email or fax containing the same information are also accepted . iccl - 5 organizing committee graduate institute of linguistics national tsing hua university hsin - chu 300 taiwan tel : + 886 35 718615 fax : + 886 35 725994 email : iccl5 @ ling . nthu . edu . tw name : tel : fax : email : address : please check : [ ] please put my name on the mailing list . [ ] i intend to participate in iccl - 5 . [ ] i intend to contribute a paper . the tentative title of my paper is : suggestions :
  """",0
  918,""""Subject: japanese sec . lang . acq . workshop
   
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * jslar - panel at pacslrf96 * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the convenors of the next pacslrf - conference and manfred pienemann from the australian national university are planning a panel on jslar . pacslrf is a biannual conference on second language acquisition research in the pacific region . the next pacslrf will be held in wellington , new zealand , from january 30th to february 2nd 1996 the jslar - panel will focus on cognitive aspects of the acquisition of japanese . the first part will consist of 4 - 6 presentations , which serve to highlight areas and results of current research and should not exceed ten minutes . the presentations will be followed by a panel discussion with the presenting researchers . two facilitators will lead the discussion : manfred pienemann will represent the cognitive aspects of language acquisition , while the other facilitator , still to be announced , will address aspects of japanese linguistics . the panel discussion will last for 1 . 5 to 2 hours . facilities for a video-link to places in new zealand , australia , japan and the u . s . will be provided . if you are interested in joining the panel or a video-link , please enquire at one of the e-mail addresses below . please send proposals for a presentation asap to prof pienemann ( see address below ) . prof m pienemann australian national university dept . of modern europeanlanguages manfred . pienemann @ anu . edu . au satomi kawaguchi australian national university dept . of modern europeanlanguages satomi . kawaguchi @ anu . edu . au kirsten huter australian national university dept . of modern europeanlanguages kirsten . huter @ anu . edu . au address : kirsten huter dept . of modern european languages australian national university act 0200 kirsten . huter @ anu . edu . au - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - paul warren department of linguistics , victoria university of wellington po box 600 , wellington , new zealand e-mail : paul . warren @ vuw . ac . nz phone : + 64 4 472 1000 ext . 8097 fax : + 64 4 471 2070
  """",0
  919,""""Subject: job announcement for a spanish sociolinguist at ohio state univ .
   
   department of spanish and portuguese the ohio state university position notice assistant professor of spanish with specialization in sociolinguistics / spanish in the u . s . a . assistant professor of spanish with specialization in sociolinguistics / spanish in the u . s . a . , and demonstrated research focus in language variation and change . solid background in one or more core areas of theoretical linguistics : phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics . teaching in undergraduate language and linguistics courses , and in the linguistics graduate program . tenure - track position , to begin autumn 1996 . ph . d . by time of appointment . teaching experience preferred ; publications desirable . native or near-native spanish language skills . salary commensurate with experience . send application materials ( letter , cv , three recent letters of reference , and one sample publication or dissertation chapter ) by october 31 , 1995 to : stephen summerhill , chair dept . of spanish and portuguese the ohio state university 266 cunz hall 1841 millikin road columbus , oh . 43210-1229
  """",0
  920,""""Subject: re : 6 . 1049 , sum : e - mail citation
   
   on occasion i have heard or read papers , usually on discourse , that use as data excerpts from the conversation or interview books by studs terkel ( such as _ working _ or _ the good war _ ) . as a resident of chicago , i have the opportunity to hear studs terkel 's daily radio program broadcast on wfmt . once in a while , i have happened to read a passage in one of the books within a few days of hearing the same interview in a broadcast , and i have noticed that the published version does not correspond exactly to what is on the tape . that is , studs terkel edits the material for style before it goes into print . i had the opportunity to confirm this in a brief conversation with studs terkel on saturday afternoon , 29 july 1995 . ( he 's a lot haler than any 85 - year-old could expect to be . ) first , when i told him his works were being used as data by linguists , he was immensely pleased , and he said , """""""" you ' ve made my day """""""" ; but he also confirmed that he edits the words of his subjects before he publishes them , and gave me his blessing to announce this to linguists who may be interested . the conversations in terkel 's books give every impression of being the genuine words of the people who speak them - - and they would certainly recognize themselves in the excerpts - - but studs terkel is a very accomplished literary artist , and does n't want his work to be acclaimed as the ipsissima verba of his workers , his soldiers , or any of his other subjects . i ' m sure he 'd like to receive copies of papers that cite his writings ; you could send them to him c / o wfmt , 303 e . wacker drive , chicago , il 60601 . - peter t . daniels , pdaniels @ press-gopher . uchicago . edu
  """",0
  921,""""Subject: q : influence of tone on writing
   
   a ph . d student here , thien do , is looking at the historical context of writings in southern vietnam under the impact of french presence and modernity at the turn of this century . he wishes to consider how assertion of local identity was linguistically possible . as part of the above attempt , he would be grateful for advice on any references or bibliography of studies in the asia - pacific region , if not , anywhere , on the following : approaches or methodological considerations in determining the influence of tone in particular , or speech and singing in general , on writings ( e . g . how pitch contour properties of local varieties and genres have been represented in writing systems which generally reflect a different dialect and tradition ) .
  """",0
  922,""""Subject: qs : syllabus for english linguistics
   
   i will be teaching a year-long course entitled english linguistics this next year . most linguistics texts take an international approach - - does anyone know of a text which focuses almost exclusively on the english language ? thanks in advance . sandi m . de oliveira u . of evora - portugal sandi @ evunix . uevora . pt
  """",0
  923,""""Subject: holding / managing / hand
   
   i am looking at semantic extensions of """""""" hand """""""" and """""""" hold """""""" to include controlling or managing or influencing . i need as many cross-linguistic examples ( with sources ) as possible of words for """""""" hold """""""" / """""""" grasp """""""" or """""""" hand """""""" which have been extended ( with appropriate morphology if appropriate ) to mean """""""" manage """""""" , """""""" control """""""" , """""""" influence """""""" or """""""" deal with """""""" . for example , english has hand , handle ( noun and verb ) , german has hand , handel , handlung , handhaben , etc . if you can give me any examples from your various synchronic and diachronic territories , i 'd be very grateful . paul woods english department 205 morrill hall oklahoma state university stillwater ok 74078 usa tel : 1 405 744 9474 fax : 1 405 744 6326 email : ncx @ rs . ucc . okstate . edu
  """",0
  924,""""Subject: antipassive and reflexive
   
   some time ago , i posted a question asking whether people knew of languages that had both a reflexive morpheme ( attached to v ) and an antipassive morpheme ( attached to v ) , where the two were different . i received three replies which are included below in abbreviated form . i thank those who responded for their help : angela terrill , mike darnell , and suzanne kemmer * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * there are thirteen or so australian languages which have antipassives ( all pama - nyungan ) . of these , most use the same morphology as their reflexives . some languages have antipassive verbal morphology but no reflexive morphology . but the languages which have separate explicit verbal morphology for reflexives and antipassives are , including sources : * dyirbal ( around cairns ) marks antipassive with - ngay - . reflexive is rriy ~ yirriy ~ marriy ~ ( m ) barriy . dixon ( 1972 ) the dyirbal language of north queensland ( cambridge : cup ) * warungu ( west of dyirbal , not closely related ) has antipassive - gali - and reflexive - li - . probably historically related . t . tsunoda ( 1974 ) ' a grammar of the warungu language ' monash university ma thesis * kalkatungu ( western queensland ) has antipassive - yi - and reflexive - ti - . maybe historically related . b . j . blake ( 1979 ) a kalkatungu grammar ( canberra : pacific linguistics ) the proto - pama - nyungan ( and maybe proto - australian ? ) reflexive form is something like * - dhi - rri - , where dh is a laminal stop , either lamino-palatal or lamino-dental . the overwhelming majority of reflexive ( and antipassive ) markers in pama - nyungan languages are reflexes of this . the warungu and kalkatungu antipassive forms given above are probably reflexes of this also , but the dyirbal form definitely is n't ( although , interestingly , it is cognate with an applicative form in nearby yidiny ( dixon 1977 ) . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * does this work for you ? lix-t - 0 - as ta sitn put . dowm-trans - 3sgo - 3sga art basket he / she put down the basket . lix-m - 0 t-ta sitn put . down-intrans - 3sgs oblique case-art basket he / she put down the basket . now admittedly there are some complexities to this situation . some salish anists ( the examples from squamish , british columbia ) dispute the antipassive analysis in the second example , but putting that aside payaq-t - sut prepare-trans - reflexive he / she prepared himself / herself . this seems to fit your requirements , but i have a question . could the morpheme in your example , and perhaps in the case of others that you mention in passing , be a middle voice marker rather than reflexive . again , from squamish suk ' w-um ( the - um here is identical to the - m above ) bathe-intrans he / she bathes ( only himself or herself , a transitive reading requires the - - t , you saw above ) whatever the case with the examples that you ' ve seen squamish seems to have a morpheme for antipassive and middle , with a separate one for reflexive . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * a number of philippine languages have an antipassive that consists in detransitivizing the verb with a prefix and stripping the object of its 'd eterminer ' ( which marks case ) and other modifiers . the reflexive marker , on the other hand , is a completely different morpheme . kapampangan is a language of this type . another case , i would suggest , is languages whose former reflexive marker now codes antipassive , but which in the meantime have innovated a new reflexive marker . russian uses the suffix ' - sja ' on the verb ' bite ' to mean ' the dog bites ' ( generically ) and similar cases . but - sja is not the reflexive marker in russian . sebja is the productive reflexive marker . - sja does occur on verbs like ' wash ' , but these are not reflexive verbs - - languages tend to mark them differently from reflexives . my book """""""" the middle voice """""""" draws the reflexive-middle distinction and documents it from many languages . jeff lidz university of delaware office : ( 302 ) 831-6489 department of linguistics home : ( 302 ) 656-1902 46 e . delaware ave . email : jlidz @ brahms . udel . edu newark , de 19716
  """",0
  925,""""Subject: cfp : paclic10 2nd call
   
   second call for abstracts the 10th pacific asia conference on language , information and computation paclic10 ( 1995 ) the language information sciences research centre , city university of hong kong , is pleased to announce that the 10th pacific asia conference on language , information and computation ( paclic10 ) will be held at the city university of hong kong on 27th and 28th december 1995 . it was the consensus of the organisers of the 1994 joint conference of the asian conference on language , information and computation ( aclic ) and the pacific asia conference on formal and computational linguistics ( pacfocol ) that the two conferences would continue to be held jointly in the future as the pacific asia conference on language , information and computation , with the 1995 conference being numbered the 10th . this joint conference brings together researchers of diverse background interested in theoretical and computational linguistics in the pacific asia region . topics of the conference include theoretical and computational studies in syntax , morphology , semantics , pragmatics , discourse and dialogue analysis , corpus linguistics , logic grammars and formal modelling of other linguistic phenomena . about 20 papers will be presented at plenary sessions . paper presenters will have 30 minutes for presentation and question answering . abstracts should not exceed three a4 pages ( one additional page for reference and / or data ) . 4 hard-copies of the abstract with the title , the author 's name , affiliation , mailing address , fax number and / or e-mail address on a separate page should be sent to the conference secretariat ( see below ) . abstract submission : by 31st august 1995 notification of acceptance : 30th september 1995 submission of full paper : 10th november 1995 registration fees : : hk $ 800 / us $ 105 ( on or before 15 / 10 / 95 ) hk $ 900 / us $ 115 ( after 15 / 10 / 95 ) accepted papers will be published in the conference proceedings . camera - ready full papers should be no more than 10 single-sided , single-spaced , a4 pages ( approximately 45 lines per page ) with 37mm margins on all sides . keynote speaker : william s - y wang professor of language engineering city university of hong kong , and professor of graduate council university of california , berkeley programme committee : churen huang , academia sinica , taipei ( co-chairman ) akira ikeya , tokyo gakugei unversity ( co-chairman ) byung - soo park , kyung hee university ( co-chairman ) benjamin k . tsou , city university of hong kong ( chairman ) lydia s . c . chan , national university of singapore jyn - sheng chang , national tsinghua university hsin - hsi chen , national taiwan university jaewoong choe , korea university zhendong dong , iss , national university of singapore one - soon her , national chengchi university changning huang , tsinghua university akira ishikawa , sophia university masato ishizaki , advanced telecommunications research inst . international yan jiang , hong kong polytechnic university hisashi komatsu , hiroshima city university chungmin lee , seoul national university ik - hwan lee , yonsei university kiyong lee , korea university shuhung leung , city university of hong kong kim teng lua , national university of singapore robert w . p . luk , city university of hong kong yuji matsumoto , nara institute of technology haihua pan , city university of hong kong jhing - fa wang , national chengkung university jonathan webster , city university of hong kong dekai wu , hong kong university of science and technology paul horng jyh wu , national university of singapore tianshun yao , north - east university tom b . y . lai , city university of hong kong ( secretary ) conference secretariat : paclic10 ( 1995 ) language information sciences research centre city university of hong kong tat chee avenue , kowloon hong kong fax : ( 852 ) 27889443 e-mail : rlpaclic @ cityu . edu . hk
  """",0
  926,""""Subject: sum : 501 - beaver revisited
   
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - on july 8 i posted the following two sentences , 1 . the beaver got a christmas card because she did n't notice the brown paper bag at her back door . 2 . one day , in the parking lot of the concert hall , i witnessed a major used - 501 deal . in order to find out their ( hidden ) meaning . these sentences were part of a set of isolated idiomatic sentences , without any given context whatsoever , which my wife and i were trying to translate . the meaning of the majority of these sentences could be found rather easily by means of the usual resources , like common sense , ( slang - ) dictionaries and encyclopedia 's . however , 501 - beaver remained a mystery . so we decided to consult internet , to see if a native speaker could help us out . about 50 reactions came from all over the world ! with your help the 501 mystery has been solved . thanks a lot ! however , unfortunately ' the beaver has not landed ' . sorry to have bothered you with this weird sentence . we simply expected this sentence to be a common idiomatic expression . . . most of you mentioned the sexual connotations of ' beaver ' , ' bag ' and ' back door ' . the ' christmas card ' , however , does not fit into this picture . it might be a reference to something unpleasant , but then the sentence as a whole still remains highly cryptic ; the parts just do n't match ! some of you came up with the possibility , that ' the brown paper bag ' might refer to ( hiding ) a bottle of liquor . in this context ' to get a christmas card ' might be a euphemism for a hang-over or an alcohol problem . but still the sentence as a whole does not make much sense . . . another possible solution might be found in cockney rhyming slang , in which ' christmas card ' refers to ' guard ' , but then again : the other parts of the sentence just refuse to cooperate . . . or maybe the sentence refers to a childrens book or a fairy tale ? fortunately the ' 501 deal ' was more common and so it was a lot easier to figure out the meaning of the second sentence . a few people thought the 501 might be a car . this possibility had crossed our minds too . after having looked it up in a car encycopedia and having consulted a local peugeot dealer , indeed a 301 , a 401 , and a 601 , and even a 504 , turned out to exist ; a peugeot 501 , however , just does n o t exist ! so this solution had to be ruled out . the great majority of the respondents told us , that 501 refers to the popular button-fly levi 's blue jeans with straight legs . in holland this type of jeans is familiar also , but we did n't understand the """""""" major used - 501 deal """""""" in this context : """""""" what 's the big deal in selling worn blue jeans ? """""""" however , most respondents from the u . s . , but also from european countries , told us , that it is very popular to buy and sell used 501 's in the us . apparently young people are willing to pay much money for used jeans , because they are more comfortable ( less stiff ) and because they look more ' hip ' than the new ones . many companies buy used 501 's and after that they are sold from stores ( e . g . , on melrose ave . in l . a . there are at least half a dozen of these stores ) . besides that , there 's a huge ( black ) market , in which case people sell 501 's out of the back of cars or vans in parking lots or other public places . there might also be a foreign market for used 501 's , as rumour has it that used 501 's are also shipped off to paris , london , the far east ( japan ) and eastern europe . because so many people reacted , we cannot quote them all . so we have made a selection . as some of the respondents preferred not to be mentioned by name , we decided to not mention anyone by name . at the end of this recital we will give a short conclusion . . 501 's , what 's it all about """""""" 501 's are a style of blue jeans made by levi strauss and co . 501 's are , i believe , the best-selling style of levi 's . they are button-fly ( as opposed to the kind you zip up ) , and have 5 pockets . they are the kind of jeans people think of when they think of jeans . here in the us , used 501 's are worth more than other kinds of used jeans - - in college towns , you ' ll often see signs in vintage clothing stores specifically saying something like """""""" cash for used 501 's . """""""" before perestroika , there was a big black market demand in russia for jeans of any kind . levi 's were the prestige brand ; i do n't know the location in time and space of your narrative , but perhaps the deal is shady . a major deal involving used jeans ( which here can be bought new on sale for $ 20 , and used , might fetch the original owner $ 10 in a vintage store ) must then be a negotiation about a truck full of jeans or so . many pairs would be needed to make the cash involved a major deal . """""""" . used - 501 sale vs . used - 501 deal """""""" used 501 's are becoming in recent years more and more popular among the youth of this country , hence the rise in shops and vendors that deal exclusively in these used products . _ a used - 501 deal _ is most likely an informal street sale ( not through a well-established shop , in which case it would be called a _ sale _ ) of used jeans , especially levi brand jeans ' """""""" . witnessing a 501 deal """""""" so the sentence could mean either the speaker witnessed someone purchase used ( previously owned ) 501 's , with 'd eal ' meaning ' ( business ) transaction ' , or 'd eal ' could mean ' bargain ' , that the jeans were being sold for less than usual . the fact that the speaker uses the verb ' witness ' would seem to remove him from the action , so perhaps the first interpretation is best . """""""" . cowboys like their 501 's blue and stiff """""""" i recently read an article about a company who buys used blue jeans from real cowboys and sells them at a very high price to people in places like new york city . ( cowboys , of which my brother-in - law is one , do n't wear their jeans when they start to fade , they like them blue and stiff . ) """""""" . a used - 501 deal """""""" i ' m inspired to write by a sign i saw a few minutes ago , while driving home from the office . it announced that a merchant would pay up to $ 17us for """""""" used 501s . """""""" """""""" 501 """""""" refers to a style of blue jeans - what my grandmother used to call dungarees - manufactured by the levi strauss co . all their style numbers are numbers between 500 and 600 . 501 is a popular style among young persons , featuring a button-fly and straight legs . i ' m no longer young enough for 501s ; i must wear 512s , which have a fuller leg and seat . tomorrow , i ' m going to take all my old , unwearable 501s and trade them for $ 17us each . i 'd say that a """""""" major used - 501 deal """""""" is either a transaction such as the one i ' m proposing for tomorrow or , because """""""" deal """""""" is sometimes used more generically , somewhat like """""""" thing """""""" , a place of business where such transactions take place . """""""" . major 501 price , major 501 place or major 501 transaction """""""" """""""" a major used - 501 deal """""""" no doubt refers to one of those temporary locations where people offer to buy used levi 501 jeans for around $ 8 , with the intention of re-selling them elsewhere . """""""" deal """""""" is so inarticulate a word that it 's not possible to tell you definitively what is meant , apart from more context . ( 1 ) my best guess is that it relates to """""""" getting a good deal """""""" for your used 501 jeans , that is , getting a good price for them . the scenario i have constructed is that someone wants to point out a place where you can get good money by selling your used 501 jeans . ( 2 ) if it does n't have to do with getting a price for used jeans , it might refer to the physical characteristics of the business place itself . this particular temporary storefront may be larger or more conspicuous than usual . in that scenario , someone wants to point out a larger-than - usual 501 jeans stand . ( """""""" a major used - 501 whatchamacallit : stand , storefront , business """""""" ) ( 3 ) last scenario : someone witnessed a major jeans-selling transaction . he wants to describe someone 's having brought in and sold a large quantity of 501 jeans to the jeans buyer . to be brief here are three possible paraphrases for """""""" a major used - 501 deal """""""" . 1 . """""""" a place where they give you a much better-than - average price for your used 501 jeans """""""" 2 . """""""" a large or impressive used - 501 jeans stand """""""" 3 . """""""" a single business transaction involving the buying and selling of a large lot of 501 jeans """""""" """""""" . conclusion in reference to the last respondent , somehow we felt most comfortable with the third paraphrase , mainly because according to most of the other respondents a business t r a n s a c t i o n was involved here and because according to our own intuition ' to witness ' - - at least when it means ' to see sth . ' - - always goes with an object , expressing an a c t i o n rather than a s t a t e . in the case of the ' 501 deal ' this means that the one who uttered the sentence , s a w that a 501 actually w a s b e i n g sold and because he speaks of a major deal , he saw a lot of 501s being sold at once . so , in our opinion : """""""" one day , in the parking lot of the concert hall , i witnessed a major used - 501 deal . """""""" can best be paraphrased into : """""""" one day , in the parking lot of the concert hall , i witnessed a business transaction involving a large stock of used levi 's 501 . """""""" if someone still feels uncomfortable with this transcription , please do n't hesitate to send your reaction to wimk @ zeus . cs . kun . nl . thanks again for all your contributions . many regards , wim koole , also on behalf of janny koole - loonstra nijmegen holland
  """",0
  927,""""Subject: disc . sex / lang
   
   i have been proceeding with a """""""" disc he / she """""""" theme . it has been somewhat expanded , and i would like to have it posted under the """""""" disc : sex / lang """""""" subject head . thanks , jw ] in the continuing discussion of pronouns , i ' m making a summary and a shift . the shift is spurred by the necessity to widen the orbit from pronouns to """""""" sex and language """""""" , perhaps an inevitable transition . alexis manaster ramer ( see below ) has suggested that a discussion of universal male dominace in society / language should take place prior to one of pronouns . i willingly go along , but reject the misandrist characterization . first the pronoun summary . """""""" he """""""" summary in my """""""" he """""""" work , i have suggested that to understand the generic and proverbial uses of modern english """""""" he """""""" , one would have to integrate into their data the facts that 1 ) """""""" he """""""" as a feminine pronoun survived much later in historical english than is generally acknowledged , and that 2 ) the late-archaic english """""""" he """""""" , on the one hand , as feminine , had an association with the all-genders plural , and on the other , as a masculine , had an association with the singular and neuter . """""""" him """""""" and """""""" his """""""" were during middle english , and later , also neuter ( """""""" not one or the other """""""" ) pronouns , and the ontogeny of the modern paradigm must account for these facts . there are more than a few examples of """""""" he """""""" in a generic / proverbial context in which , if there is any sex distinction at all , it must be considered feminine , not masculine , as in the following ( _ piers plowman _ , walter kane - - passus vii , manuscript h3 , lines 235-36 ) : he that etyn here fode throw trauail god 3eueth they / she that eat / eats their / her food through work god gives hem his blissing that here liflode so wynneth them his blessing that their / her livelihood so earns . _ _ _ when the 18th century grammarians put the """""""" he """""""" rule on paper , the feminine morphology was not unknown , not yet forgotten . if gender feminists today put a gendrist interpretation on the grammarians ' motives and on the evolution of the """""""" he """""""" rule , it is through historical oversight , to put it kindly , and not for , as some maintain , misogynist motives , conscious or unconscious . finally , i have challenged the interpretation of the """""""" worthiness """""""" doctrine . according to it , the grammarians of yore said """""""" he """""""" was more """""""" worthy """""""" . the word """""""" worthy """""""" has , i believe , been too quickly accepted in its old english root-meaning of """""""" deserving """""""" , whereas i have yet to see any contexts that contradict its other meaning , based on its other old english root , """""""" appropriate """""""" . are there any clarifying contexts ? please show i ' m wrong . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - sex and language alexis manaster ramer sent me a personal response to my ideas ; when i asked , he said i could post for general reading . ( btw , what are some of the etymologies given for """""""" girl """""""" , """""""" boy """""""" , """""""" marry """""""" ? ) alexis says : thank you for responding . since we obviously agree about the final resolution of this issue , i guess i would say that there are simply two aspects to the way one must respond to the people who are claiming that the generic he was invented by male chauvinist grammarians . one is yours ( that it has a continuous history within english ) [ did i say that ? - jw ] . the other is mine ( that if we knew nothing about the history of english , the universal picture would authorize us to suppose that this was indeed a natural phenomenon , not an invention of the grammarians ) . but i would then say that the presumed reason why this phenomenon is universal is presumably that all known cultures ( or maybe there is one exception , according to what i read somewhere ) have been male-dominated at all known time periods , and the fact that masculine / male is ' unmarked ' must surely be a reflection of this . so , the locus of the blame [ ! ] shifts from the conscious work of english grammarians to the subconscious workings of the language faculties of countless generations of human beings all over the planet who have lived in societies where there was no concept of sex equality . what do you think ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - jeff responds thanks for the elaboration . what do i think ? first , to get it straight . . . you are saying that comparable structures to """""""" generic he """""""" are found in all languages ( with perhaps a few exceptions ) , and on that basis a person might be led to conclude it is a natural phenomenon , but they would be wrong . rather , universal male domination is the explanation , as seen in the unmarked pronoun """""""" he """""""" , and we must """""""" blame """""""" the subconscious workings of the language faculties of all people in history , who have had no concept of sex equality . i have three questions , each of which i provide some of my own views about . 1 ) what are some of the parameters of and who ( authors ) do you look to for your idea that all history has been male dominated ? ( i personally resent this characterization . ) """""""" dominated """""""" hinges on what you mean - - the crimson sunset dominated the horizon and the pimples dominated the young girl 's face . on a group level , men , qua males , have been sufficiently dutiful to """""""" women and children first """""""" that they can be said to have historically regarded their own lot as the more expendable , i . e . , at least as might say the contour of a bell-curve measuring such a thing . men subdue the metaphorical colin fergusons of the world , not women . on an individual level , camille paglia nails it when she talks about the substantial power of women over men , qua males , based on women 's power to close their legs . 2 ) where does your concept of linguistic markedness come from , and on what basis do you establish a cause-effect relationship between patriarchy and markedness in pronouns ? my own idea of markedness is based on the original exposition as seen formulated by jakobson and trubetzkoy about 1930 ( see _ on language _ , roman jakobson , ed . linda r . waugh , 1990 . chapter 8 ) . a conclusion opposite to yours ( and gender feminists ) seems evident from the original formulation . their concept of """""""" the mark """""""" grew out of interest in binary aspects of language , like past / present , long / short . trubetzkoy wrote , """""""" only one of the terms of a correlation is perceived as actively modified and as positively possessing some mark , while the other term is perceived as lacking the mark and as passively unmodified """""""" ( p136 ) . this suggests to me that """""""" woman """""""" and """""""" she """""""" are """""""" species """""""" terms which females """""""" have """""""" as an exclusive and special privilege , whereas males do not have a """""""" species """""""" name exclusively their own , but instead must suffer to share a """""""" genus """""""" designation . it is for this reason i prefer sometimes to call the masculine unmarked words """""""" tautonyms """""""" ( i . e . , in biology , one name for both species and genus ) . the editor of the book goes on to comment on the concept : """""""" thus , the general meaning of _ lion _ , in contradistinction to that of _ lioness _ , implies no sexual specification - - and only the * basic meaning * of _ lion _ prompted by informative contexts suggests a sexual specification : e . g . , _ lions and lionesses _ """""""" . is n't this saying that man qua male emerges only in contexts that contrast him with the female ? otherwise , he is a generic ( genus , genre ) person and accordingly unmarked - - i . e . , """""""" just """""""" a person . the jakobson book continues , """""""" the constraining , focusing character of the marked term of any grammatical opposition is directed toward a more narrowly specified and delimited conceptual item """""""" . if men wanted to throw a testy beef about it , they could say , """""""" how come the gals have exclusive words , but the guys have to share theirs with everybody else ? """""""" 3 ) finally , you propose that in all past history they ' ve had """""""" no concept of sex equality """""""" . there is an inherent chronocentrism ( my term ) in your indictment , but , notwithstanding , i ' m somewhat sure you ' re talking about """""""" rights """""""" . """""""" rights """""""" , equal or otherwise , is a modern concept that is often muddled and sometimes useless if one considers , as i do , that the more important ends of life are happiness , inner peace , and freedom from fear - - what good are abstract rights if one is miserable all the time ? . the extremely important distinction is too often lost sight of between concepts of inherent rights and entitlement rights . if we discuss """""""" women 's equality """""""" and """""""" men 's equality """""""" without talking about documents like the universal declaration of human rights , the united states constitution , the code of hammurabi , etc . , or sources of rights , like god or the barrel of a gun , we are not going to get anywhere . if we take into account considerations of class , age , history , geography , etc . , i would argue that on a de facto level , women have had , and continue to have , collectively , an advantage over men . i know that saying so will upset a few of us , even give some of us a little gas and heartburn , my being the direct precipitation of which i apologize for in advance . best regards , jeffrey
  """",0
  928,""""Subject: he / she
   
   > > jeffrey weber replies : > 1 ) my own approach to the """""""" generic he """""""" problem is based on my observation of > the late survival of the h-stem feminine in historical english , in many cases > the form being identical to the masculine . this observation is counter to > modern writers such as pyles / algeo , strang , penelope ( e-mail me for > citations ) - - writers who have kept alive and academically popular the idea > that the h-stem feminine had disappeared before 1300 . h-initial forms of the feminine pronoun are alive - if not necessarily very well - in various parts of britain , if not elsewhere . at a guess these are usually restricted to rural areas . conservative speakers in parts of derbyshire , for example , retain a form typically written as ' her ' ( and which , naturally , is normally regarded as misuse of the possessive pronoun ) . dialect maps ( eg by orton ) often deal with these pronouns . paul foulkes paul . foulkes @ newcastle . ac . uk
  """",0
  929,""""Subject: job announcement
   
   austrian research institute for artificial intelligence ( ofai ) vienna , austria research position in natural language engineering a research position is to be filled in the natural language processing research group from october 1995 . the position is associated with a project grant from the austrian science foundation and will be initially for 24 months . an extension is possible , depending on further funding . the project aims at the development of a prototype of a german concept-to - speech synthesizer , with special emphasis on the mapping of a prosodic notation into phonetic / acoustic parameters . the prosodic notation is based on pierrehumbert 's notation , the synthesizer to be used is a demisyllable synthesizer developed at vienna university of technology . the project will build on previous research performed at our institute . the candidate should have experience in the field of speech synthesis or a related area . knowledge of german would be favourable . salary will be in the range of 340 . 000 austrian schillings per year ( before taxes ) . according to local regulations , the salary depends on the formal prerequisite of a doctorate , otherwise the salary will be significantly lower . informal inquiries to harald trost ( harald @ ai . univie . ac . at ) or ernst buchberger ( ernst @ ai . univie . ac . at ) , tel . + 43 - 1-535 32 810 . ofai is the leading austrian research institute in ai and natural language engineering and a member of elsnet . more information about language engineering at ofai can be found at http : / / www . ai . univie . ac . at / oefai / nlu . html if you are interested , send an informal application * as soon as possible * by email to harald @ ai . univie . ac . at , including a short cv emphasizing previous relevant education and research experience . we will contact promising candidates , so that they can submit a formal application with all details later on . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ernst buchberger , dept . of med . cybernetics & artificial intelligence , university of vienna , freyung 6 , a-1010 vienna , austria and austrian research institute for artificial intelligence , vienna + 43 - 1-53532810 ( tel ) , + 43 - 1-5320652 ( fax ) , ernst @ ai . univie . ac . at
  """",0
  930,""""Subject: cfp : workshop on spoken language generation and multimodal
   
   information systems 2nd ` speak ! ' workshop : speech generation in multimodal information systems and practical applications 2nd - 3rd november 1995 gmd / ipsi , darmstadt , germany * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for contributions * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * this workshop aims to bring together researchers , developers , and potential producers and marketers of multimodal information systems in order to consider the role of * spoken language synthesis * in such systems . not only do we need to be able to produce spoken language appropriately - - - including effective control of intonation - - - but also we need to know in which practical contexts spoken language is most beneficial . this requires a dialogue between those providing spoken natural language technology and those considering the practical use of multimodal information systems . the workshop will consist of paper presentations and practical demonstrations , as well as a roundtable discussion on the best strategies for pursuing the practical application of spoken language synthesis technology in information systems . suggested topic areas / themes include , but are not limited to : * functional control of intonation in synthesized speech * use of speech in intelligent interfaces for information systems * integration of speech into automatic query systems * cooperative integration of speech with text generation for information systems * evaluation strategies for information systems involving speech synthesis * applications for information systems with spoken language output capabilities * practical requirements for information systems with spoken language capabilities . potential participants are invited to submit short statements of interest indicating whether they would be interested in presenting a paper , offering a system demonstration , participating in the round table discussion , or simply attending . statements of interest and extended abstracts ( max . 7 pages ) should be sent by 1st . october by e-mail to : ` bateman @ gmd . de ' or by post to : john a . bateman , gmd / ipsi , dolivostr . 15 , d-64293 darmstadt , germany . extended abstracts will be made available at the workshop . during the workshop current results and demonstrations of the eu copernicus program project ` speak ! ' will also be given ( see attachment ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - project information : the speak ! project : speech generation in multimodal information systems """""""" speak ! """""""" is a european union funded project ( copernicus ' 93 project no . 10393 ) whose aim is to embed spoken natural language synthesis technology with sophisticated user interfaces in order to improve access to information systems . multimedia technology and knowledge-based text processing enhance the development of new types of information systems which not only offer references or full-text documents to the user but also provide access to images , graphics , audio and video documents . this diversification of the in formation offered has to be supported by easy-to - use multimodal user interfaces , which are capable of presenting each type of information item in a way that it can be perceived and processed effectively by the user . users can easily process simultaneously the graphical medium of information presentation and the linguistic medium . the separation of mode is also quite appropriate for the different functionalities of the main graphical interaction and the supportive meta-dialogue carried out linguistically . we believe , therefore , that a substantial improvement in both functionality and user acceptance is to be achieved by the integration of spoken languages capabilities . however , text-to - speech devices commercially available today produce speech that sounds unnatural and that is hard to listen to . high quality synthesized speech that sounds acceptable to humans demands appropriate intonation patterns . the effective control of intonation requires synthesizing from meanings , rather than word sequences , and requires understanding of the functions of intonation . in the domain of sophisticated human-machine interfaces , we can make use of the increasing tendency to design such interfaces as independent agents that themselves engage in an interactive dialogue ( both graphical and linguistic ) with their users . such agents need to maintain models of their discourses , their users , and their communicative goals . the speak ! project , which was launched recently as a cooperation between the speech research technology laboratory of the technical university of budapest and the technical university of darmstadt ( in cooperation with gmd-ipsi ) , aims at developing such an interface for a multimedia retrieval system . at ipsi , the departments komet ( natural language generation ) and mind ( information retrieval dialogues ) contribute to this project . the project is to construct a proof-of - concept prototype of a multimodal information system combining graphical and spoken language output in a variety of languages . the work involves four supporting goals : first , to advance the state of the art in the domains of speech synthesis , spoken text generation , and graphical interface design ; second , to provide enabling technology for higher functionality information systems that are more appropriate for general public use ; third , to significantly improve the public and industrial acceptance of speech synthesis in general and the hungarian text-to - speech technology elaborated within the project in particular ; and , fourth , to act as a focusing point for speech work in hungary . contact points : gmd / ipsi , darmstadt : john bateman e-mail : bateman @ gmd . de fax : + 49 / 6151-869 - 818 tel : + 49 / 6151-869 - 826 tu - budapest : g ' eza n ' emeth e-mail : nemeth @ ttt - 202 . ttt . bme . hu fax : + 36 / 1-463 - 3107 tel : + 36 / 1-463 2401
  """",0
  931,""""Subject: position available : dragon systems ( speech recognition )
   
   research scientist we seek an exceptionally talented scientist to join a team that is creating breakthroughs in research on large-vocabulary conversational speech recognition and its applications . we are prepared to teach the necessary speech science to a ph . d . in physics , mathematics , computer science , or other quantitative science . this scientist must be skilled with computers ( c programming skills desired ) and interested in languages . some knowledge of spanish is preferred and native fluency would be a great asset . promising candidates will be invited to our facility in newton , massachusetts to give a half-hour research seminar on a topic of their choice and to take a programming test . we ' re an affirmative action / equal opportunity employer which recognizes the strength of a diverse workforce . about dragon systems at dragon systems , inc . , the world leader in pc - based speech recognition technology , we ' ve created an open , team-centered environment that enables our people to utilize their expertise in innovative ways . as pioneers in the field , we ' re changing the way people work . as an expanding international company , we ' re looking for motivated individuals to contribute to our drive . at dragon systems , you ' ll experience the freedom to act on your ideas and the support of talented peers . we also foster personal and professional growth through a competitive compensation and benefits package . we hope to fill this position by july 19 , 1995 . please send your resume to : director , human resources , dragon systems , inc . , 320 nevada street , newton , ma 02160 ; fax : ( 617 ) 332-9575 ; email : internet : paul @ dragonsys . com .
  """",0
  932,""""Subject: corpuys ling journal .
   
   the first issue of the international journal of corpus linguistics ( ijcl ) , under the editorship of wolfgang teubert and published by john benjamins publishing company , will be published in may / june 1996 . authors interested in submitting articles are advised to contact the editor at the following address : dr . wolfgang teubert institut f . deutsche sprache postfach 10 16 21 d 68016 mannheim germany tel : + 49 . 621 . 1581 . 0 fax : + 49 . 621 . 1581 . 200 e-mail : wolfgang . teubert @ ids-mannheim . de authors interested in submitting reviews should get in touch directly with the review editor : elena tognini - bonelli 2 greenfield cottages scarfield hill alvechurch b48 7sf worcs . uk tel . & fax : + 44 . 121 . 447 . 7061 e-mail : e . bonelli @ bham . ac . uk for all other information , such as adding your name to the ijcl maillist , please contact : kees vaes john benjamins publishing co . p . o . box 75577 1070 an amsterdam the netherlands tel : + 31 . 20 . 6762325 fax : + 31 . 20 . 6739773 e-mail : kees . vaes @ benjamins . nl
  """",0
  933,""""Subject: re : 6 . 1070 , disc : sex / lang , re : 1023
   
   in the ongoing discussion of the """""""" epicene he """""""" , i think that perhaps we are making some headway on certain issues , but all kinds of new loose ends keep unraveling . what seems clearly established is that the 18th century grammarians of english did not invent this usage , since ( a ) it had existed in english for centuries , and ( b ) it seems to be a linguistic universal or something close to it , not a peculiarity of english however , i do not see why anyone should call me """""""" misandrist """""""" ( or """""""" mysandrist """""""" ) . if it is because my name could easily be taken to be a woman 's name ( although i happen to be a man ) , that would really be too bad . if it is because of my acceptance of the common view that almost all or perhaps all societies are in some important sense male-dominated , then that too would be inaccurate . i also believe that for several centuries of us and brazilian and so on history white people held black slaves and not vice versa , but that does not mean i hate white people . the whole issue of the sense in which it is true that men have dominated human societies is certainly in some respects a subtle one , and one could certainly argue that this dominance has done us little if any good , but i do not see how one can deny that it is a fact . however , for the purposes at hand , this is not germane . what is relevant is ( a ) the linguistic fact that languages that make any kind of gender or sex distinction in pronouns or verb forms or anything else , as a rule use the male or masculine forms as unmarked forms for persons of either or unknown gender in some constructions ( which may differ from language to language in detail ) , and ( b ) the anthropological fact that all or nearly all human societies make social distinctions based on sex which go beyond reproduction , breast-feeding , and the like , and ( c ) the further anthropological fact that the male roles / activities are routinely perceived as somehow superior , dominant , better , normative , whatever ( regardless of whether they really are , which is a completely different issue ) . so what it all boils down to , again , is that i maintain that it makes no sense whatever to discuss the origin of the epicene he phenomenon in the context of the story of english prescriptive grammar , but only in the context of the way in which perceptions of sex roles have informed the structure of language ( as of any other institution ) . alexis manaster ramer
  """",0
  934,""""Subject: kroch 's constant rate hypothesis
   
   content - length : 1953 kroch 1989 argues that syntactic change progresses at the same rate in all contexts ( using ellegard 's 1953 data on auxiliary do ) - a challenge to the notion that changes diffuse . this is obviously an important claim , and kroch 's methodology - matching theoretical syntax with ( to me ) high-level stats - also seems an important advance for historical linguistics . * however * - ogura 1993 is a direct challenge to kroch , re-using the ellegard data and the same statistical method , but claiming that the data actually shows the opposite of what kroch claims : i . e . that the change in auxiliary do use * differs * in rate between contexts . i ' m working on auxiliary do within a more variationist model , and i ' m just not up to judging who is right in this argument : can a more stats literate person help , or is there a reply by kroch i ' m not aware of ? anthony kroch , 1989 , ` reflexes of grammar in patterns of language change ' , language variation and change 1 , pp . 199-244 mieko ogura , 1993 , ` the development of periphrastic do in english ' , diachronica , x . 1 , pp 51-85 jonathan hope ( j . r . hope @ leeds . uk . ac ) school of english university of leeds uk
  """",0
  935,""""Subject: bulgarian summer classes in u . s . a .
   
   content - length : 1170 a colleague is interested in where intermediate bulgarian language classes might be offered this summer . first preference would be at a location in the united states . please reply directly to me : bret parker bparker @ uop . edu university of the pacific stockton , california 209-946 - 2029
  """",0
  936,""""Subject: elsnet
   
   how to get on elsnet ? thanks
  """",0
  937,""""Subject: re : 6 . 1047 , sum : walloon
   
   several weeks ago i posted a passage in the local walloon of the bastogne area of belgium and asked for a translation . i had quite a number of responses , and it appears that the responders had a good time wrestling with the passage . here is the passage : > i - gn-e ` a po ^ pre ` s kinze ans du d ' ci , dj ' asto amon albe ^ rt > le ` yona ^ rd e ` t dj ' rawa ^ rdo pace k ' on m ' avot dit k ' ou profe ` sseu ^ r > do se ' mine ^ re vlot nos ve ` y po pa ^ rler do walon . dju m ' sovin co k ' > dj ' e ^ dmande ' a c , ' momint la : < < kin - a ^ dje k ' il e ` , don c , ' cure ' > la ? > > dj ' e ^ vite avou compris k ' i n ' astot nin pus cure ' k ' mi , > surtout cand dj ' l ' e ^ ve ` you avou oune be ` le djon . ne bwe ^ ce ` le ki n ' > compurdot we ^ re lu walon , me ^ s k ' astot bin de ` cide ' a l ' aprinde > avou de ` s profe ` sseu ^ rs come pierrot , come jeannot , come roger , ou > come mi , di-st - i l ' fou . > and here is the consensus translation : > > il y a a ` peu pre ` s quinze ans d ' ici , j ' e ' tais chez < < albert > le ' onard > > et j ' attendais parce qu ' on m ' avait dit qu ' un professeur du > se ' minaire voulait nous voir pour parler du wallon . je me souviens ce > que j ' ai demande ' a ` ce moment-la ` : < < quel a ^ ge a-t - il donc , ce > cure ' - la ` ? > > j ' avais vite compris qu ' il n ' e ' tais pas plus cure ' que > moi , surtout quand je l ' ai vu avec une belle jeune demoiselle qui ne > comprenait gue ` re le wallon , mais qui e ' tait bien de ' cide ' e a ` > l ' apprendre avec des professeurs comme pierrot , comme jeannot , comme > roger , ou comme moi , dit-il , le fou . > > there were some uncertainties and disagreements ; i ' ve gone with the > majority view in each case . the biggest problem was the very last > bit , which caused havoc , though the gist of it seems generally clear . > there was some disagreement as to whether it was the non-priest or the > young girl who wanted to learn walloon ; most people went for the > woman , which is what the syntax appears to say . > > the strange form < rawa ^ rdo > in the second line appears to be the same > word as french < regarder > , but i am told that , in northern dialects , > this word is widely used in the sense of ` wait , wait for , watch for ' . > another headache was the word < bwe ^ ce ` le > in line 6 . this clearly > means something like < demoiselle > , and it is possibly the same word as > french < pucelle > ` virgin , maiden ' , which is unlikely to be the sense > intended . > > i am told that speakers of walloon are now generally elderly , apart > from some younger people who are enthusiasts ( though the belgian > student i consulted here told me she had a friend who spoke walloon ) . > some younger people of limited education are also said to have a grasp > of the variety , and , engagingly , i am told that obscenities and > insults tend to persist especially well . one respondent objected to my > speaking of walloon as a dialect of french , preferring to see it as a > distinct language . > > here 's an english version : > > it 's fifteen years ago now ; i was at the """""""" albert leonard """""""" [ institute ] > and i was curious because i had been told that a teacher from the > seminary wanted to see us to talk about walloon . i still remember > what i was wondering at that moment : """""""" so how old is that priest ? """""""" i > quickly understood that he was no more a priest than i was , > particularly when i saw him with a beautiful young girl who scarcely > knew any walloon but who was determined to learn it from teachers like > pierrot , like jannot , like roger , or like me ; that 's what he said , the > fool . > > the passage was written by m . georges pasau , pre 's ident du muse ' e de > la parole au pays de bastogne ; it appeared in issue 4 ( 1994 ) of the > magazine _ singuliers _ , which is devoted to walloon . this was a > special number given over to the publication of a new dictionary of > walloon . the dictionary is michel francard ( 1994 ) , _ dictionnaire des > parlers wallons du pays de bastogne _ , brussels : deboeck / universite ' , > isbn 2-8041 - 1957 - 2 . francard is professor of romance linguistics at > the university of louvain in belgium ; his address is faculte ' des > lettres , universite ' catholique de louvain , louvain - le - nauve , belgium , > and his e-mail is francard @ frwa . ucl . ac . be . i have n't consulted him > yet , but plan to do so . the orthography used here for walloon was , i > believe , invented by francard specifically for the dictionary . the > dictionary contains some nice dialect maps and some linguistic > information about walloon . > > my thanks to jean - francois carrasco , richard coates , jean - francois > delannoy , roger feron , frederik fouvry , vincent granville , ted > harding , yolande meessen , philippe mennecier , bernd moebius ( and his > mother ! ) , joseph reisdoerfer , thierry j . van steenberghe , guido vanden > wyngaerd , and max wheeler . > > > larry trask > cogs > university of sussex > brighton bn1 9qh > england > > larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk >
  """",0
  938,""""Subject: chess - endgame ( fwd )
   
   thanks to everyone who responded concerning the names for chess . apparently both are acceptable . for the royal game i found a reference in the britanica , and sara friedman cited another one from stefan zweig . for the game of kings there were also literary references , and wide familiarity , so this usage is correct as well . uri bruck bruck @ actcom . co . il
  """",0
  939,""""Subject: re : 6 . 1071 , disc : he / she
   
   paul foulkes paul . foulkes @ newcastle . ac . uk writes : < < < h-initial forms of the feminine pronoun are alive - if not necessarily very well - in various parts of britain , if not elsewhere . at a guess these are usually restricted to rural areas . conservative speakers in parts of derbyshire , for example , retain a form typically written as ' her ' ( and which , naturally , is normally regarded as misuse of the possessive pronoun ) . dialect maps ( eg by orton ) often deal with these pronouns . > > > replies thanks for the interest . my search through the 17 dialects of piers plowman is justly criticized for being too constrained a sampling , nonetheless the manuscripts show great varieties within and between dialects . the h-stems ( feminine singular and the three plurals ) exist alongside the newer forms ( she , they , them , their ) . the h-stem for """""""" they """""""" is least likely to occur . a dual system of pronouns is seen across these manuscripts - - the old pronouns and the new . i plan to discuss the """""""" ' em """""""" phenomenon , and perhaps a little """""""" ' er """""""" and """""""" ' ey """""""" , as h-less survivals in stressless positions . the following , sent to me , is a nice statement of what you ' re saying regarding the survival of the h-stem feminine : < < < you might be interested to = know that the [ h - ] forms still survive in modern traditional dialect = ( or at least they were holding their own in the 1950s and early 60 's = at the time of the survey of english dialects ) - but [ h - ] dropping in = the areas concerned has left them with no [ h ] . this is a ' n - w = midland ' area , comprising cheshire , n . derbyshire , most of lancashire = and s - w yorkshire . some believe that the her subject forms of the s - w = midlands and s - w derive from oe [ h - ] nominative rather than the = modern objective / oblique form . there 's a paper on this . p . duncan , = ' forms of the feminine pronoun in modern english dialects ' in m . = wakelin ( ed . ) , patterns in the folk speech of the british isles = ( london , 1972 ) , 182-200 . > > > here are two notes on historical usage : 1 ) the neuter singular shared the masculne singular """""""" he """""""" form ( see oed , < neuter > , 1755 : """""""" he and his having formerly been applied to neuters in the place now supplied by it and its """""""" , johnson 's grammar . 2 ) in the 16th and 17th centuries , """""""" it also occurs when he , she or that would now be preferred """""""" ( oed < it > = 86d . ) . the french _ c ' est _ construction seems to have influenced the english grammar . a curious result of examining different lines across the manuscripts of piers is that the """""""" proverbial he """""""" sometimes can be seen to have feminine morphology . i have posted examples to linguistic . the explanation for this phenomenon can be understood by following the evolution from an older english pronoun paradigm to a modern one , from one in which the feminine was associated with the all-genders plural and the masculine associated with the singular and neuter .
  """",0
  940,""""Subject: japanese specialist needed
   
   the linguistics research department at at&t bell laboratories is seeking a native or near-native speaker of japanese to work as a consultant in the development of a text-analysis module for a japanese text-to - speech synthesizer . the candidate should have a good background in linguistics , with a knowledge of computational linguistics being especially desirable . the candidate should also have a good ( explicit ) knowledge of japanese word-structure , phonology and intonation . applicants should be current graduate students or recent phds / mas . the duration of the project is somewhat open-ended but will probably amount to 200 days over the next few months . the starting time is also somewhat flexible , though we would like to start as soon as possible . consultant fees are negotiable . please send inquiries , cvs , etc . , preferably by email , to me at the address below . - richard sproat linguistics research department at&t bell laboratories | tel ( 908 ) 582-5296 600 mountain avenue , room 2d - 451 | fax ( 908 ) 582-7308 murray hill , nj 07974 , usa | rws @ research . att . com
  """",0
  941,""""Subject: uniformitarianism
   
   in response to the request for info on this topic , uniformitarianism as i understand it is the doctrine , which appears to have originated in geology , that assumes that the same laws apply to various processes ( originally , geological , then biological , but also social and linguistic ) in all time periods , thus allowing in particular reconstruction of various aspects of prehistory . i first read of it in some the essays of stephen j . gould , for whom this is a favorite theme . a useful source esp . for us linguists is the collection of articles language and earth , ed . by bernd naumann et al . , 1992 , amsterdam / philadelphia : john benjamins , although many potential readers will be turned off bu the fact that several important contributions are in german , which all too few scholars read any more . the index to this work lists many many references to uniformitarianism in different chapters . although i have not read any , i would think there would be books on charles lyell , who is supposed to have fathered modern geology , which would deal with this topic at length . alexis manaster ramer
  """",0
  942,""""Subject: re : 6 . 1078 , re : 1053 , english only ( bilingualism )
   
   i am writing to ask alexis manaster ramer a simple question concerning the universality of certain phenomena : how come about a hundred languages are spoken in present-day russia despite the attempts to russify everyone ? this linguist seems to be very active , yet unfortunately he tends to generalize the information he is aware of , judging by his contribution to the discussion on he / she pronouns and his remarks concerning russian linguistic policies . i would like to tell him of a common example concerning various ethnicities in russia : in 1553 czar ivan the dreadful incorporated the mari , mordvin ( finnic ) , chuvash and tatars ( turkic ) nationalities into his state . nowadays these peoples live in the very heart of russia on the middle volga , and , apparently , enjoy their culture and languages . they have also contributed to the culture and language of the dominant nation . the infamous cossacks ( farmers living on the borders of the state and ready to resort to arms to protect them , a sort of michigan militia ) have preserved their language while acquiring a lot of culture from , say , mountaineers of the caucausus . yet they did not assimilate those peoples who still speak their languages . to draw parallels between nostratic universal processes and the language policies of russia might hardly be considered an appropriate example . it would rather be the opposite of the desired . valeri vassiliev st . john 's
  """",0
  943,""""Subject: sex bias and epicenes
   
   h . stephen straight is right to mention the importance of the essentially psychological evidence in favor of the idea that epicene he biases perceptions in favor male interpretations . there are considerable number of studies of this effect and a few attempts at interpretation as to how it comes about . essentially , the studies take two tacks . one model involves an interpretation task of some kind in which subjects are induced to provide some form of evidence of male or female interpretation of the referent of some generic epicene . the independent variable was the pronoun coreferent to epicene antecedents in invented sentences presented to subjects . subjects give names to characters , draw pictures , or say directly whether a character is male or female , etc . this type began back in 1970 , with an almost impossible to locate study by kidd . the most famous version was probably martyna 's ( 1978 , 1980 ) work and the latest version i am aware of was an experiment by gastil in 1990 . also , there were experiments by kosrohshahi in 1989 , moulton , robins , & elias in 1978 , and switzer in 1990 . the other type involves production tasks in which subjects selected a coreferential pronoun to complete sentences with antecedents refering generic epicene referents . here the independent variable was the degree of sex-stereotypicality of the generic referent ( e . g . marine vs . teenager vs . nurse ) . this type of study was inaugurated by martyna ( 1978 , 1980 ) . it was also used by gastil . in almost all studies uses of he strongly correlat with male interpretations of the referent . my own naturalistic data shows the same result with referents like ' lumberjack ' and ' particpants in congressional sex scandal ' used more with he than say ' child , ' or ' teacher . ' there are others along both lines , which will be supplied upon request . as for explanations , the most interesting ones for someone ( like me ) who tends to be skeptical of pernicious influences of grammar on other aspects of cognition ( please let 's not start that one again ) are by mcconnell - ginet in a number of articles ( e . g . 1988 ) and moulton back in 1977 . moulton eschews notions of markedness and instead compares it to the kleenex effect whereby the identity of a prestigious subset is assumed by the superordinate category , with the result that people tend to think of the subset as more prototypical . so kleenex are most prototypical paper tissues , sanka is the prototypical decaf coffee ( in the us ) , and so on . note that this involves cognitive interaction with lexical semantics ; there is nothing morphosyntactic going on here . refs : ( i ' ll put full names whenever i remember ; i do n't want to look up all the arts . ) gastil , john ( 1990 ) """""""" generic pronouns and sexist language sex roles , 23 629-643 kidd , v . ( 1970 ) a study of images produced through the use of male pronouns as the generic moments in contemporary rhetoric and communications , 1 25-30 khosroshahi , f ( atima ? ) ( 1989 ) penguins do n't care , but women do language in society , 18 , 505-525 martyna , wendy ( 1978 ) what does he mean ? j . of communication , 28 131-138 . martyna , wendy ( 1980 ) the psychology of the generic masculine in r . borker and n . ferman women and language in literature and society mcconnell - ginet , sally ( 1988 ) language and gender in frederick newmayer linguistics the cambride survey vol . iv moulton , janice ( 1977 ) the myth of the neutral man . in m . vetterling - braggan , j . elliston , & j . english feminism and philosophy moulton , janice , robinson , m . and cheris , e . ( 1978 ) psychology in action : sex bias in language use """""""" american psychologist , 33 , 1032-1036 switzer , j . ( 1990 ) the impact of generic word choices sex roles 22 , 69-82 michael newman dept . of educational theory & practice the ohio state university mnewman @ magnus . acs . ohio-state . edu
  """",0
  944,""""Subject: disc : sex / lang , re : 1079
   
   h . stephen straight writes : < < < in our focus on the epicene pronoun that doubles as the masculine pronoun , and the generic noun ( e . g . man ) that doubles as the masculine form , we sometimes let logic , and the theory of markedness , overwhelm psychology . the evidence , i believe , strongly supports the claim that even in clearly non-specific contexts these items trigger masculine prototypes in receivers . > > > i agree with this generally for the present state of standard english . but the """""""" triggering """""""" , to some very important degree , is in the mind of the historical beholder . right ? the ' psychology """""""" part i disagree with because of its unspecified universal implications , perhaps better : """""""" overwhelm semantics """""""" . most people , except gender separatists , would be particularly untriggered to a masculine reference to words such as """""""" sportsmanship """""""" and """""""" penmanship """""""" . i liked the construction of one of the first lady 's publicist who said of her , """""""" she is her own best salesman """""""" . """""""" man """""""" and """""""" he / his / him """""""" have differing semantic domains over time . in middle english """""""" he was a fair wife """""""" , """""""" two men were made for the garden """""""" , etc . if in the modern mind these constructions trigger male associations , it might make all the more necessary the study of historical change . in my middle english work with pronouns , some contexts can be found where """""""" he that . . . """""""" in proverbial use , with sometimes-plural verbs , has the weight of proverbial """""""" they who """""""" , and is related morpholgically to the feminine , not the masculine . a radical idea i wish someone would challenge me on . also , """""""" him """""""" and """""""" his """""""" were not only masculine , they were also neuter - - """""""" neither one or the other """""""" . to understand the modern paradigm , we have to study the history it grew out of , including the protogermanic and ie paradigms . i wonder if h . stephen straight has read my comments and quotations on """""""" the mark """""""" in recent discussion . all of us , men and women alike , can be described in some capacities as """""""" generic people """""""" . is n't this what we mean by """""""" society """""""" ? one veiw of the half-glass sees that we , as generic people , desire to give females preferential treatment , and have distinct words for those of us who are female ( she , women ) , but parallel words for males are , lacking , are tautonyms . we , those of us who are male , are relegated to use a word also used for everybody else . """""""" masculine """""""" is only sex-distinct in contrastive position with the """""""" feminine """""""" . the reason for generic pronouns doubling with the masculine is because men are , in our """""""" psychology """""""" thought of more frequently as generic people . females have long been accorded special priviledges in western society - - we do n't execute murderesses , we create conditions for those of us who are women to live 10 % longer than men , we exclude them from the military draft , old women commit suicide at a rate less than 1 / 12th that of old men , etc . that is not to say that everybody does n't have it rough once in a while . men do not externalize their victimization to a metaphorical """""""" daddy """""""" . i personally think that women should go on being afforded special status and privileges in language and society . the turning wine to venom these passed decades has shown the dark side of our society . the writer says < < < """""""" every one of the members of the boys and girls club loves his parents . """""""" """""""" the cultures of the world provide ample testimony on the extent of man 's capacity to adapt to different environments . """""""" no matter that the situations logically embrace both sexes ( and all genders : - ) , the damage is done . > > > it is the """""""" logic """""""" of an intuitive sort , and is not based in boolean and identity operations of the human mind . the """""""" logic """""""" is no more than a rule-base in the configuration of gender / case / number of the modern pronoun paradigm . use of the word """""""" logic """""""" by many of us who discuss language is off the mark . i use """""""" everyone . . . their """""""" , and wonder about the linguistic timidity that holds others of us back . damage ? does this mean exclusion from semantic space : - ) the writer continues , < < < yucatec maya , by the way , has no grammatical gender and , to the best of my knowledge , exhibits no morphological or semantic tendency toward treating either sex as the unmarked member of the pair . h stephen straight , anthro / ling / lgs across the curric , binghamton u ( suny ) box 6000 , binghamton ny 13902-6000 tel : 607-777 - 2824 fax : 607-777 - 2889 > > > this seems counter to the idea that says universal male cultural dominance is seen in male dominance in language constructions - - that alexis manaster ramer postules in slightly more qualified form . it sure would be nice to have other examples , pro and con , from around the world . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lydie meunier writes < < < question raised in answer to alexis manaster ramer who writes : > so what it all boils down to , again , is that i maintain that > it makes no sense whatever to discuss the origin of the > epicene he phenomenon in the context of the story of > english prescriptive grammar , but only in the context of > the way in which perceptions of sex roles have informed > the structure of language ( as of any other institution ) . have perceptions of sex roles informed us on the structure of language , or does the structure of language enlighten us on socially acquired yet still subconscious sexist behavior of today 's homo sapiens ? lydie e . meunier / department of languages university of tulsa / tel : 918 631 2813 ( o ) lang _ lem @ centum . utulsa . edu / fax : 918 744 1902 > > > the """""""" contructivist """""""" view of sexuality is widely held in academia , but the view has the hauteur of an """""""" in """""""" religious tenet , and has no well-reasoned position , and only endures because its opposite can't """""""" really """""""" be """""""" proved """""""" . the only proof-evidence i have ever seen consists of some embarrasingly poor analogies with animal behavior . where 's the good evidence ? i ' ll post sometime soon the interesting things - - in support of my side - - that jane goodall has to say about sex roles and chimps . the """""""" constructivist """""""" view of sexuality goes back to the 1960s - - ( to kate millet in chapter 2 of her famous book ? ) when those of us who were differentially sexed - - like millet later affirmed to herself be - - became preoccupied , and still are , with passive and active sex-related roles . the constructivist view is a spoiler-view assault on traditional morality .
  """",0
  945,""""Subject: words that are their own opposites ( part 2 )
   
   in my last summary ( linguist 6 . 74 ) i listed a collection of what i call auto-antonyms - - words that have two opposite meanings . for example , to """""""" clip """""""" may mean to cut a little piece off , or to put a little piece on . to """""""" look over """""""" may mean careful scrutiny or that you missed an important detail . sometimes the antonymy may be historical : """""""" nice """""""" used to denote an unpleasant quality . in that summary , i promised a discussion of whether any generalities could be made about such pairs . are they regularly motivated , or always a coincidence ? i ' m still editing the responses to that question . meanwhile , here are more auto-antonyms that got left out of last post : one auto-antonym that i seem to have overlooked in preparing my post , although i remember looking it over many times before , is """""""" moot """""""" , which at once means """""""" suitable for debate """""""" and """""""" not worth discussing """""""" . impregnable : able to impregnated or inable to be pregnated , as joel hoffman points out . cope ( s ) mate : used to mean antagonist and now means partner or comerade , says ariadna solovyova , who got the word off of anu garg 's a . word . a . day mailing list . it turns out that they were having a week celebrating """""""" fence-setters """""""" , evidently another term for what i ' ve been calling auto-antonyms . bruce nevin reminds us of an intercontinental auto-antonym pair : """""""" public school """""""" in britain is """""""" private school """""""" in the usa and vice versa . infer : historically ( and now , informally ) this means """""""" imply """""""" as well . rent , lease : several pointed out to me that these means both lend and borrow . in addition , dan myers wrote to tell me that chinese operates similarly with respect to this pair , and wolfgang lipp notes a similar auto-antonymy to represent """""""" give """""""" and """""""" take """""""" in pronunciation ( shou4 ) but not in writing . learn / teach : in """""""" sub """""""" - standard english , these two meanings fuse into """""""" learn """""""" , as they do in standard russian """""""" uchit ' """""""" here are some of my personal favorites that i left out of the first summary : sensitive : this may describe either someone with profound understanding for the feelings of others , and tolerates differences of opinion ( thus """""""" sensitivity training """""""" for group leaders ) as well as a paranoid who does n't listen to what people are really saying , and decides to take everything as a personal insult . hole / whole : spelled the first way , an entire absence of matter ; the second , entire presence . this reminds me of """""""" pit """""""" which can be either a hollow or the stone of a fruit . which reminds me of """""""" seeded """""""" oranges ( insert your favorite fuit here ) - - oranges with seeds ( as opposed to navel oranges , which have no seeds ) , or oranges that have had their seeds removed . if you think you ' re beginning to see some patterns here , you ' re not alone ! as i said , i ' ve received a few theories on the ultimate essence of auto-antonymy , historical , psychological , and sociological approaches . these theories show that auto-antonymy comes about for a variety of reasons . in a short while , i ' m going to put up a summary of these theories . then , i ' ll briefly cover related linguistic phenomena , such as words with synonyms that look suspiciously like antonyms : flammable / inflammable , ravel / unravel . oh , and by the way , it turns out i was not the first to come up with the term """""""" auto-antonym . """""""" dennis baron informs me that he used the term """""""" autoantonymy """""""" on page 73 of his 1989 book / declining grammar and other essays on the english vocabulary / . - - alex eulenberg ( aeulenbe @ indiana . edu ) - - indiana university
  """",0
  946,""""Subject: disc . sex and language
   
   dear subscribers : to help in discussing """""""" sex and language """""""" , i would like some feedback on were ( if anyplace at all ) we should impose limits on words and ideas - - ie , impose on ourselves benign self-censorship . that talking """""""" about """""""" taboo words and ideas is different from using them in their colloquial variations is a simple distinction . i have always felt that academia has been dishonest for lack of forthrightness in dealing with socio / psycho / sexual matters . are there any topics that we can not talk about , and because we can not talk about them , you are unable to say what they are ? should , for example """""""" jerk """""""" or """""""" female """""""" be exluded because some of us might be offended , others potentially tittilated , by the ultimate body part references in their historical etymologies ? please help , what are the limits of language in this forum in the discussion of """""""" sex and language """""""" . what do you think should be and not be off limits ? what part does political correctness play ?
  """",0
  947,""""Subject: re : 6 . 1083 , disc : sex / lang , re : 1079 , 1080
   
   alexis mr writes : > lydie meunier seems to be asking which comes first , sexist language > or sexist behavior . but there is surely a third alternative , that > language and behavior evolve together , reinforcing each other . > it is also important to distinguish the question of how some form > of language or behavior arose in the first place from that of how > it is transmitted to successive generations . i would have little > doubt that sexist language plays a major role in transmitting > ideas which lead to sexist behavior , but it is difficult for me > to believe that historically sexist language came before sexist > behavior . you ' re probably right ! historically , sexist behavior probably came before sexist language . yet , today we are born in a society already in place , and sexist language is likely to influence a child 's mind and lead to a sexist behavior . are we born with a sexist attitude ? i do believe that many traditions ( sexism being one of them ) and perspectives are partially conveyed through language . however , like you , i tend to believe that language and behavior evolve together . i do believe that historically today 's sexist interactive patterns are influenced - - among other factors - - by sociolinguistic practices during biblical times when a wife had to address her husband as slaves had to address their master , or subjects their king . this implied that a man could also address his wife as a master his slave and a king his subject , i . e . , using a clear rhetoric of authority . today , conversational dominance by males in our judeo-christian society is not as extreme as during the biblical times , but interestingly it is still inherent to male-specific discourse and has become the focus of some interesting sociolinguistic research . as a matter of fact , i moved to the bible belt one year ago ( i spent 10 years on the east and west coasts in the us prior to my arrival in the bible belt last year ; originally i come from europe ) , and after observations of interractive patterns among couples around me , i came to the hypothesis that the stronger a religious ( or traditional ) impact on people 's life , the more sex discrimination is reflected in language use . i have also noticed much more instances of sex discrimination in language use in offices i had to go to in the bible belt ( e . g . doctor and lawyer offices , insurance agencies , etc . ) than in other professional offices i visited elsewhere in the u . s . i found this extremely interesting . > ( a ) i do believe that people in all kinds of cultures themselves > believe that men and male behavior are superior in some sense to > women and female behavior , and i hold that this perception ( even if > it were not accurate ) is what must matter to us as we discuss > sexist language . whether the perception is accurate is of no importance > in this context . why should it be of no importance ? shall we just accept the discriminatory status quo as it is ? what is the point of studying linguistics if it is for no other purpose than the pleasure of intellectual analysis ? shall we just remain at the analytical level and ignore the implications revealed by research , or could we also use research findings to help improve communication or even change subsconsciously ( socially ) acquired schemata ? studies in psychology have shown that females reading texts written in a generic """""""" he """""""" retain less information than when they read texts using a generic plural . obviously , the impact of using a sexist language goes beyond the simple interest of linguistic studies within a certain context . personally , i like to believe that my research will somewhat help society at large . what is the point of considering discriminatory perspectives as unchangeable or questionable facts whereas we all know that both languages and human psychology have the potential to change ? > ( b ) i do not make any necessary connection between oppression of > womn and oppression of black people at all . i simply used the > example of black slavery as an example of the general principle that > to admit the existence of a form of oppression practiced by some > group ( by white people ) does not mean that one must necessarily > hate them . my point was that i am not a mysandrist just because > i accept that men have historically not been very nice to women . you are absolutely right ! hate does not help any purpose nor does it improve communication . yet , black people needed the cooperation of open-minded white people to help them reach a status based on the principle of equality . the same applies to females who keep trying to communicate with males , and who meet open and understanding men whereas others still believe that sexism is a nonsense political issue brought up by angry feminists . before being a political issue , it is a serious social issue that needs to be addressed through mutual understanding and respect . if males refuse their cooperation , some females may end up hating men as a natural psychological reaction . simone de beauvoir wrote in her book the second sex that there is no black problem yet a white problem ( referring the civil right movement in the us in the 50 's 60 's ) , because so called black issues essentially stem from the whites ' disciminatory attitudes . black problems can be addressed by first revealing the problem of racism , and then by educating people to open their mind to differences as an enriching asset to the society , not a sign of deficiency . likewise , women issues are primarily men issues , because we are still living in a world which has been historically organized by men who believed in female inferiority , whether politically , socially or linguistically . communication between men and women is therefore the key to social improvement , hence the social mission of our research in linguistics , considering that language use is a social phenomenon . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * je pense donc je baragouine . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * lydie e . meunier / department of languages university of tulsa / tel : 918 631 2813 ( o ) lang _ lem @ centum . utulsa . edu / fax : 918 744 1902 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  948,""""Subject: re : 6 . 1086 , disc : uniformitarianism , re : 1080
   
   omitted from alexis 's summary on uniformitatrianism is the note that it was promulgated , or at least popularized , about 1800 by the geologist charles lyell ; it was necessary as a counter to the """""""" catastrophism """""""" that explained observable geological phenomena in a way consisten t with the ibiblical cacccount of creation . lyell was enormously influential on darwin , who took the book with him on the beagle in the latge 1830s and formulated his first important explanations , e . g . of the formation of coral atolls , in uniformitarian rather tan catastrophistic terms .
  """",0
  949,""""Subject: re : 6 . 1088 , disc : sex / lang , re : 1079
   
   in response to michael newman ( to whom i am very grateful for the references ) , i think that there are two separate issues , are n't there : one is the one he illuminates so well for modern english , namely , the fact that the epicene he biases perceptions in favor of male inter - pretations ; the other is that , even if that were not the case , there would still be something very suspicious about the mere fact that male / masc . pronouns and agreement are used so widely in languages of the world for the epicene . i am not even sure that we can show that the two are related . i would guess that in languages that truly lack gender , one would still find some of the same perceptual biases ( although i am only guessing ) . alexis manaster ramer
  """",0
  950,""""Subject: phonemicity of writing
   
   i would like to get some estimate of what percentage of the world 's written languages are represented orthographically in a phonemic manner . more specifically , how many written languages are such that one can predict the phonological properties of a word - - - including stress , accent or tone - - - merely by consulting the string of symbols used to write that word , and without further information , such as the morphological structure of the word ? for a language whose writing system is largely phonemic , one could write down a set of rules for word pronunciation , and in the ideal case the number of rules would be within an order of magnitude of the number of graphemes . ( a few lexical exceptions do n't matter , as long as there are n't hundreds of them . ) i am leaving the sense of ` phoneme ' intentionally vague : normally a phonemic written representation implies that one can predict the surface phonemic representation from the written form of the word , but i would be perfectly happy considering a system to be phonemic if some more abstract level of phonological representation were represented , from which the surface phonemic representation could be predicted by regular phonological rules / principles . ( i should also note , to clarify the question further , that i am interested primarily in the correspondence between the written form and the spoken form for the the standard variet ( y , ies ) of the language , which the written form presumably reflects to some degree : i am not interested ( at the moment ) in dialects of the language which deviate to varying degrees from the standard . ) so , under this definition , spanish would presumably count as very phonemic since one can nearly always predict the pronunciation of a word , including its stress , from the orthography . romanian is less phonemic since while the actual set of phonemes in a word is mostly determinable by the set of graphemes used ( with the representation of glides being slight source of complication ) , the placement of stress requires some knowledge of the morphological class of the word ( following work of ioana chitoran ) . english is presumably among the least phonemic , since the ` regular rules ' of pronunciation are themselves quite complex , and there are many lexical exceptions . the particular classification of the writing system as logographic , moraic or segmental is unimportant : in principle chinese writing could be classed as phonemic ( albeit with a rather large set of graphemes ) , but for the fact that especially among the more common characters there are quite a few with pronunciation ambiguities which can only be resolved using lexical information . i am familiar with several of the recent books on writing systems : but while these typically contain in-depth analyses of particular systems , as far as i can tell , nobody has done a survey of this kind . ( if on the contrary , someone can point me to a survey that answers this question , i would be most grateful . ) so , i would be very interested in getting as much information related to this question on as many languages as people are sufficiently familiar with . i think i already know the answer to these questions for the more familiar western european languages ( including some less familiar ones like irish and welsh ) , as well as romanian , russian , hebrew , arabic , chinese , japanese and malagasy . i would be particularly interested in knowing about languages for which writing systems have only recently been developed , or for which the spelling system has recently undergone a massive restructuring : conventional wisdom has it that in such cases the writing system should be very phonemic , but perhaps that is not always true . please send any replies to me , and if there are a sufficient number i will post the results of this survey to the list . - richard sproat linguistics research department at&t bell laboratories | tel ( 908 ) 582-5296 600 mountain avenue , room 2d - 451 | fax ( 908 ) 582-7308 murray hill , nj 07974 , usa | rws @ research . att . com
  """",0
  951,""""Subject: the other side of * galicismos *
   
   * galicismo * is a spanish term which names the improper introduction of french words which are spanish sounding and thus very deceptive to the ear . * galicismo * is often considered to be a * barbarismo * . what would be the term which designates the opposite phenomenon , that is unlawful words of spanish origin which may have crept into french ? can someone provide examples ? thank you joseph m kozono < kozonoj @ gunet . georgetown . edu >
  """",0
  952,""""Subject: re : grammar / syntax courses at the college freshman / sophomore level
   
   i would like to hear from people who teach or know of grammar or syntax courses offered at the college freshman or sophomore level . we teach such a course at north seattle community college . it concentrates on syntax and teaches a formal , traditional approach to it . we even use reed - kellog diagrams rather than phrase structure trees . another piece of the course applies the syntax to the improvement of writing . in that part of the course we use sentence combining . the course was created here by my colleague , edith wollin , and i know that , in its present form , it is probably unique . it should be taught elsewhere , for it is very successful . students praise it and recommend it to other sdtudernts . they even say it makes them better readers ! we present the material at a level and pace that would make it too challenging for many developmental-level students . the course is certainly as rigorous as sany other 100 - level and 200 - level course in most colleges ; indeed , we think it rivals many higher-level courses in usefulness . but we are aware that it does not present the broad linguistics-based grammar covered in the typical 300 - level grammar course . one professor of such a course at the university of washington told me our course sounds like excellent preparation for his . he said he would love to get students who already know what a clause is . i would be grateful to hear from colleagues who know of any kind of grammmar or syntax course at the freshman or sophomore level . thanks . michael kischner north seattle community college seattle , wa 98103 ( 206 ) 528-4540
  """",0
  953,""""Subject: english as an isolating lang .
   
   dear collegues , sometimes i ' ve heard that english is becoming more the isolating language from the inflecting one typologically . i would like to know the discussion aboout the phenomena or actual evidences to explain this argument . so , could you please give some knowledge or any literature about this topic ? i will post a summary . thank you very much . - hideo fujii computer science department university of massachusetts at amherst
  """",0
  954,""""Subject: re : 6 . 1094 , qs : phonemicity of writing
   
   this is stimulated by richard sproat 's query about """""""" phonemic """""""" orthog - raphy , but presents an opportunity for a bibliographical notice . to answer the question directly , the number of languages with a """""""" phonemic """""""" orthography approaches zero . once in a while a spelling reform is imposed ( e . g . in czech or dutch - - though since the dutch seem to keep doing it , they apparently do n't get it right ) , and for a generation or two , orthography might be as regular as the language planners intended . but language changes , spelling does n't , so orthography soon diverges from pronunciation . very troubling is the use of the term """""""" grapheme """""""" as if it had a meaning - whereas """""""" phoneme """""""" is apologized for ! please see my article in 18th lacus forum ( 1991 ) with subsequent deiscussion in 21st lacus forum ( 1994 ) . a survey along the lines of what r . sproat requests will be avbailable toward the end of the year , when the world 's writing systems , edited by me and william bright , will be published by osxford university press . the focus is on how the writing systems of the world encode the phonolo - gies of the major languages that use them . members of the lsa received a mailing about the book , which offered a prepublication discount price of $ 100 , available until 31 august . i urge you to take advantage of it ! i have known for about a week that the book has 894 pages plus front matter and index , so the price is pretty reason - able , as such thinkgs go . ( regular price is currently set at $ 125 . )
  """",0
  955,""""Subject: disc . sex / lang
   
   a few remarks in the discussion , and comments on / to newman , meunier the widespread """""""" constructivist """""""" concept of personality and sex roles / language is seriously injured by what jane goodall has to say below . is my interpretation wrong that the preoccupation in feminist studies with sex roles / language , and the diffusion of that preoccupation into other corridors of the university , began as an assault on """""""" normativity """""""" , i . e . , knee-jerk heteropartnershipping in the late 1960s ? we are attracted to the opposite sex only because society teaches this to us . thumbs up to tolerance , real diversity , and curing the real ills of society by needs of the individual not the group ; thumbs down to intuitive scholarship , academic shamanism , and prescriptive grammas jane goodall , through a window , houghton mifflin company , boston , 1990 . """""""" my thirty years with the chimpanzees of gombe . """""""" ( p 118 ) one of the most important milestones in the life of a young male is when he begins to travel away from his mother with other members of the community . the severing of apron strings is far more necessary for a young male than a young female . she can learn most of what she needs to know for a successful adult life whilst remaining in her family setting . not only can she watch her mother and her mother 's friends caring for their infants , but she can actually handle them herself , gaining much of the experience which she will need later when she has a baby of her own . and she can learn , during her mother 's ` pink days ' , a good deal about sex and the demands that will subsequently be made of her in that sphere . the young male has different things to learn . there are some aspects of community life that are primarily , though not entirely , male responsibilities = adsuch as patrolling , repelling intruders , searching out distant food sources , and some kinds of hunting . he cannot gain adequate experience in such matters if he remains with his mother . he must leave her and spend time with the males . = = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d michael newman provides some welcome references in the literature that provide data more specific for what we all know generally , that some terms are semantically marked for gender - - marine , lumberjack , nurse . regarding """""""" he """""""" - - it has biases for masculine interpretation - - no doubt about that for the current state of the language . in centuries before modern english , and into the modern english era , """""""" he """""""" was also a feminine pronoun . michael newman is """""""" skeptical of pernicious influences of grammar on ot her aspects of cognition """""""" , whereas lydie meunier says """""""" """""""" studies in psychology have shown that females reading texts written in a generic-he retain less information than when they read texts using a generic plural """""""" . newman goes on to express accord with moulton 's """""""" kleenex effect whereby the identity of a prestigious subset is assumed by the superordinated category , with the result that people tend to think of the subset as more prototypical """""""" . this sounds like individual-for - the-class synechdoche . i do not think that the """""""" prestigious subset """""""" sufficiently describes he / man phenomena , does not hit the mark head on , because it assumes man is to woman under """""""" man """""""" , as kleenex is to puffs under """""""" kleenex """""""" . i think my use of the term """""""" tautonym """""""" focuses a little sharper on the genus-species aspect . the difference between coke and pepsi is more like the difference between joe and john , and of a different order than that between boys and girls . i am suggesting another way to see the generic phenomenon - - in part supported by what i quoted in detail from jakobson a few posts back : a man is a living generic person , only made distinctive for sex in contrast / juxtapostion with woman . generic he / man in language describes generic he / man in-the - flesh - - as unmarked for sex . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - to lydie meunier : i am glad to know that someone on linguistic has expertise in sociolinguistic practices during biblical times . could you provide some chapters and verses about the more-or - less slavery of wives to their husbands ? it 's true there are all kinds of depravities in the bible , in f = act joshua was quite an ethnic cleanser himself . do you know if there is anything in the bible about how wives of slaves were treated , as they wou = ld be """""""" double-slaves """""""" ? finally , you use the word """""""" sexism """""""" , so popular in our = common cultural vocabulary , but , aside from it being a political slogan , = how could we most appropriately define it in its non-political slogan sense , = as you use it ? = jeff weber =
  """",0
  956,""""Subject: sum : ' because ' versus 's ince / as ' ( 6 . 1043 )
   
   i would like to thank the following persons very much for their judgements , comments and various hints concerning my query : marie egan , duncan macgregor , richard ingham , james kirchner , kevin lemoine , david powers , karen ward , yael ziv and especially karen stanley , who took a poll about my claims among her colleagues ( a big thank-you to them too ) . > from the mail i have received by now , the following picture emerges : including the people interviewed by k . stanley , 7 do not agree with my distinction and 5 do agree more or less . some informants suggest other distinctions between the conjunctions : for one , 's ince ' and ' as ' are more formal than ' because ' ( a view which is also presented in some dictionaries and grammars ) , for another , ' as ' is more formal than ' because ' but 's ince ' is """""""" only suitable for informal conversation but nor for writing """""""" . the latter judgement seems to be in conformity with a prescriptivist view according to which 's ince ' as a causal conjunction is not to be used at all . ( i want to note that i have identified 209 ( = 13 % ) causal since-clauses among 1576 causal as - , because - , for - and since-clauses in the machine readable british - english lob - corpus ( written texts from 1961 ) . most of these since-clauses are to be found in the category called ' learned and scientific writing ' . ) another informant , for whom my example sentence ( 1 ) is essentially synonymous with either conjunction , has the impression that the speaker of ( 1 ) using ' because ' """""""" feels john 's admission more noteworthy , or more important to the narrative , than he or she would if 's ince ' or ' as ' were used . """""""" into the same direction , i assume , goes another judgement according to which ' because ' is """""""" stronger and more explicit and more exceptional . """""""" ( i have found a similar view in the literature and have interpreted it as a consequence of my differentiation : entailment on the basis of a rule or norm is intrinsically less noteworthy , less exceptional than ' real ' causation . ) some people have pointed out the relevance of the position of the causal clause . as a tendency , my rule / norm interpretation is considered to be more in accordance with the causal clause ( be it 's ince / as ' or ' because ' ) preceding its main / matrix clause . however , one informant feels """""""" more comfortable with since clauses preceding , and because clauses following , the main clause . """""""" ( this impression is somehow in conformity with the statistical situation in the above mentioned lob - corpus : only about 9 % of the because-clauses are preposed , whereas 41 % of the since-clauses and 43 % of the as-clauses are preposed there . ) one informant pointed out constraints which may affect the acceptability of 's ince ' as a causal conjunction : """""""" 's ince ' seems to have a much more limited application . for me there is a tense / aspect / ? ? ? constraint between the clauses ( consistent with the temporal meaning it also has ? ? ) , otherwise it sounds forced or stilted . i do n't really like your sentence ( 1 ) with 's ince ' . reversing the clauses makes it more acceptable to me , as does changing ' was ' to ' is ' ( strange ! ) . conversely , changing ' has been ' to ' was ' makes the 's ince ' version even less acceptable to me . """""""" ( probably , the last point in this quotation is caused by the fact that replacement of ' was ' by ' has been ' makes the sentence grammatically acceptable with a temporal interpretation of the since-clause . ) do i have to conclude from the ' empirical ' outcome of my query that my differentiation is not tenable ? for various reasons ( which i hope to develop convincingly in a doctoral dissertation to be submitted soon ) , i do not think so . are there , perhaps , some more people ' out there ' who agree with my claims , but who refrain from simply stating ' i agree ' ? of course , this would not make my query statistically more valid , but it would suggest that there is some plausibility to my non-empirical reasons . carsten breul e-mail : carsten . breul @ rz . ruhr-uni - bochum . de
  """",0
  957,""""Subject: job offering
   
   job openings in spoken language application development unisys corporation paoli , pennsylvania we are looking for developers who will work on applications in the area of spoken language understanding systems . candidates should have a master 's or ph . d . degree in linguistics or computer science , be competent in the prolog programming language , and have some background in computational linguistics and artificial intelligence . experience in one or more of the following areas is desirable : linguistic analysis ( particularly syntax and semantics ) expert systems user interfaces / human factors speech recognition in-depth knowledge of languages other than english developers will extend existing natural language understanding software to work in a wide variety of new applications , including adding new vocabulary , extending the grammar , and creating new interfaces between the natural language system and existing software systems . contact : debbie dahl unisys east coast development center ms e140 - 4 2476 swedesford rd . paoli , pa 19301 dahl @ tr . unisys . com
  """",0
  958,""""Subject: sum : imperatives without you subjects
   
   content - length : 3573 summary of responses to my query on imperatives without you subjects my original query asked for references and suggestions concerning apparent imperatives with indefinite noun phrase subjects like : do n't anybody move . all the band members leave the room now . all in favor say """""""" aye . """""""" many thanks to all the respondents : suzanne kemmer , susan fischer , bob frank , jussi karlgren , steven schaufele , larry horn , arnold zwicky , alan huffman , christer platzack , marie egan , michael flier , bruce nevin , kripka sundar , and rosta , kimberly weiss , bruce downing , anton sherwood , bernard comrie , inger rosengren , chase wrenn , peter coopmans horn , fischer and flier suggested checking the subject status of anybody , all etc by looking at tags , where it seems that the under - lying you reappears , whereas tags with anybody and all sound bad . do n't anybody move , will you / * will they ? all in favor say """""""" aye , """""""" won't you / * won't they ? this correlates with the fact that the indefinites can be understood as specifying the reference of you such that anybody equates with ' any one of you ' , all with ' all of you ' and so on . in a similar vein , rosta , sundar , schaufele and comrie suggest that anybody and all are the lexical realization of a pragmatic addressee you and a presupposed agent you . weiss , nevin and sherwood analyze the examples as containing a vocative anybody and all with a corresponding regular 2nd person imperative . huffman and wrenn see these apparent imperatives as subjunctive sentences , so that the occurrence of anybody and all does n't require any special comment . egan and karlgren point out the existence of 1st and 3rd person imperatives in greek and german . thus in german : gehen wir ins kino roughly ' let 's go to the movies ' contains 1st person plural wir ' we ' with imperative gehen . this too would suggest that imperatives with 3rd person subjects present no anomaly . these respondents and others mentioned above cited the references below . downing , bruce . 1969 . vocatives and 3rd - person imperatives in english . papers in linguistics 1 , 3 : 570-92 . zwicky , arnold . 1987 . rev . of davis . the english imperative . linguistics 25 , 4 : 805-810 . zwicky , a . 1988 . on the subject of bare imperatives in english . on language % stockwell festschrift % , ed . by duncan - rose et al . croom helm . beukema , f . & p . coopmans . 1989 . a gb perspective on the imperative in english . journal of linguistics 25 : 417-36 . zanuttini . 1991 . u of pennsylvania dissertation . platzack , chr . & i . rosengren . 1994 . on the subject of imperatives . sprache & pragmatics . to appear . takahashi , hide . to appear . language sciences . thank you to all who responded . once i ' ve had a look at the various references , i may offer a further comment to linguist . best wishes , neal norrick tb0nrn1 @ mvs . cso . niu . edu
  """",0
  959,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1500 comparative method , polarization & reviews
   
   i am forwarding the following for posting at the request of robert rankin ( rankin @ ukanvm . cc . unkans . edu ) . i do not subscribe to this list and have no wish to join the fray at present , but when my name is mentioned sometimes the file is forwarded to me via e-mail . thus the following : andy anderson cites me on three points in a series of recent postings . i have known andy upwards of 30 years and do not feel that he would in - tentionally misrepresent my views , but i also feel a couple of things need clarification . first , i am uncomfortable about being formally cited as a ( secondary ) source of information on lyle campbell 's paper from the boulder ( green - berg ) conference of ca . 1990 . if andy wishes to distribute an attack on the paper or its author in written form , he should first obtain an actual copy of it or , alternatively , await its publication . i guess i should n't have brought it up in our conversation at the ssila / aaa meetings . second , i am said to have reported that the geneticists who have studied the mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) of sundry native american and siberian peo - ples claim that there were / are """""""" two subgroups within amerind ( aside from the eskimo and athabaskans ) . """""""" this is not what i ( or the paper 's authors wallace , torroni and schurr , et al . ) said . the authors did not address themselves to the linguistic problems and most certainly did n't talk about """""""" subgroups """""""" . nor did i , since i do not regard the historicity of anything like """""""" amerind """""""" as even remotely established . the authors of the paper did posit at least four """""""" migrations """""""" . they do not discuss the most recent , eskomo - aleut , in their abstract , but i think they gave a time depth figure of about 6000 years bp ( before present ) for it orally - - do n't quote me . from their abstract : for what they call na - dene their figure is 7000-10000 years bp . then they say they have evidence for at least two """""""" migrations """""""" preceding that . one comes between 12000-15000 bp and the earliest between 26000-34000 bp . figures as high as 40000 bp were mentioned orally , as i recall . they did not attempt to correlate their figures with our knowledge of periods of glaciation or the periodic existence of the land bridge in beringia . i leave it to readers to decide what this portends for the amerind hypo - thesis or its proposed ( glotto ) chronology , but a warning is in order in any event . note that i have written """""""" migration """""""" in quotes above . this is not because i wish to pejorate the term ; it is because geneticists use it in a very special way . for them it has to do solely with the ap - pearance of specific genetic material in american populations . they then assume a common ancestor and calculate the number of millennia by positing a uniform mutation rate for mtdna . the material and theories they work with force this definition of migration on them . all this says nothing about the situation """""""" on the ground . """""""" in reality though , each of these genetic migrations can have included many distinct movements of people across beringia over a great many years - - perhaps centuries or even millennia . and they may have represented many ling - guistic groups . all that is required in order for entire clusters of migrations """""""" on the ground """""""" to get read as a single mtdna """""""" migration """""""" is a relatively homogeneous gene pool in eastern siberia over the particular time span when the """""""" genetic mutation """""""" occurred . the evidence does indeed suggest four genetic migrations , but it really says little or nothing about how many """""""" real """""""" migrations there were with - in each of the four clusters , nor does it say anything about linguistic diversity - - much less """""""" subgroups of amerind . """""""" we may wish it did , but it does n't . i do note with interest however the rough correlation between the geneticists ' oldest figures and the calculations of nichols ( 1990 in language 66 . 3 ) based on linguistic diversity in the western hemisphere . the more recent sets of mtdna dates fall within the esta - blished archaeological ballpark for clovis believers , although the earliest set certainly does not . one very short contribution of my own here - - mostly my wife 's actually , since she is a molecular geneticist and we talk about these things over breakfast . the yardstick used by mtdna geneticists in these cal - culations may not be appreciably better than that used in glottochrono - logy , i . e . , genetic mutation takes place at a rate which is only rela - tively constant . it can be speeded up by various singular events from cosmic ray bombardment to ingesting certain fungi infecting the grain from your cache pit . biologists try to allow for this sort of thing , but as you can see from the plus / minus dates for each cluster , we are not talking about something as precise as dendrochronology or even radiocarbon dating . the mtdna studies are very interesting but we must bear in mind their limitations and special use of the term """""""" migration """""""" . lastly , in an earlier posting andy mentions that i had examined green - berg 's notebooks and determined how he had mislabeled so much of his siouan data in lia . andy 's description of the way the notebooks are laid out is correct , but i have only actually seen xeroxes of the pages of siouan entries , not the notebooks themselves . i might add that the siouan entries in the notebook are hard by the iroquoian , caddoan , yuchi entries demonstrating once again that greenberg had decided on the final classification of these families when he laid out his notebook design and before the vocabularies from the languages were entered . my thanks to john koontz for posting this . sincerely , bob rankin ( university of kansas ) ( rankin @ ukanvm . cc . ukans . edu )
  """",0
  960,""""Subject: genetic classification
   
   i wish to make some comments on an issue that recent discussion of nostratic and the problem of """""""" demonstrating """""""" distant genetic relationships has skirted around that i believe underlies some of the issues that various people have been directly addressing . an assumption that seems to underly much of the discussion is that hypotheses regarding genetic relationships are not interesting unless they can be proven to be true . i find this a rather odd assumption , and one that does not seem to be made about any other kinds of hypotheses in linguistics ( or anywhere else in science as far as i know ) . and let us set aside for the sake of argument the oft-noted point that the notion of proof is not really applicable to empirical hypotheses , and assume that the term is to be used loosely for some arbitrary high level of certainty . it seems fair to say that there is a fairly widespread disinterest in hypotheses like the nostratic hypothesis because it is widely believed ( and i will assume it is true here for the sake of argument ) that the available evidence for nostratic falls short of this imaginary level of certainty which deserves the label """""""" proven """""""" . a common type of reaction to unproven hypotheses is that it has not been demonstrated that the observed similarities might not be due to chance and / or borrowing . but suppose that someone were to take the same attitude towards comparative reconstruction of protolanguages . suppose that someone were to object to comparative reconstruction of anything but very shallow groups on the grounds that one can never prove that the reconstructions are correct . just as one can object to certain claims of genetic relationships on the grounds that one cannot conclusively eliminate the possibility that the observed similarities might be due to accident and / or borrowing , one could equally well object to virtually all hypotheses surrounding comparative reconstruction on the grounds that one cannot conclusively eliminate alternative possibilities . the comparative method is a way to come up with the best guess one can make about a protolanguage ; it never provides proof that the reconstruction is in fact correct . so why bother doing it ? the answer should be obvious : hypotheses which represent our best guesses at any point in time are what much of science is about . by why do so many linguists seem to object to applying the same way of thinking to hypotheses about genetic relationships ? why is it that many historical linguists find the hypotheses like the nostratic hypothesis either laughable or upsetting ? why do n't they react the same way to comparative reconstructions , since they also are """""""" unproven """""""" ? why do n't they rush out and read everything they can find on nostratic and conclude """""""" the evidence is tantalizing but not conclusive ; it 's a really exciting hypothesis """""""" ? why is there such a double standard ? i want to suggest an answer to this question , an answer which , if right , provides insight into the nature of many debates surrounding controversial hypotheses of genetic relationship . namely , some people find questions of genetic classification intrinsically interesting , quite apart from any detailed historical work that plays a role in supporting hypotheses . other people , however , are primarily interested in the detailed historical work itself , and do not find questions of genetic classification intrinsically interesting , but only interesting in so far as they are an inevitable consequence of historical work . people of the first sort are more likely to find recent work reclassifying penutian languages exciting , while people of the latter sort are unlikely to react that way , unless they are penutian specialists . as one moves back in time , the ability to apply the comparative method becomes increasingly difficult , and detailed historical work becomes increasingly speculative ( and to many historical linguists , dissatisfying ) . but at any time depth , we can always be much more confident of the genetic classification than we can of any comparative reconstructions . our confidence in indo - european as a language family is surely greater than our confidence in any specific claims about proto - indo - european . but as we move further back in time , we should expect there to be hypotheses that we cannot be entirely confident of , but for which there is at least some promising evidence , where any comparative reconstruction is going to be sufficiently speculative as to not be satisfying to linguists interested in traditional comparative work . and since these linguists are not interested in genetic classification except as a biproduct of detailed historical work , such linguists are likely to find the hypotheses uninteresting . on the other hand , for linguists who find questions of genetic classification inherently interesting , the fact that detailed historical work may not be possible is irrelevant , and the fact that the hypothesis is unproven or unprovable may be no more a source of concern than the fact comparative reconstructions are always unproven and unprovable . if this view is correct , much of the debate surrounding controversial hypotheses in genetic classification is based , not on substantive questions , but simply on what sorts of questions different people find interesting . matthew dryer
  """",0
  961,""""Subject: re : 6 . 06 greenberg ( again . . . sigh )
   
   ) 3 ) ) date : thu , 22 dec 1994 21 : 02 - 0500 ( est ) ) from : mike _ maxwell @ sil . org ) subject : evidence against greenberg ? ) ) perhaps the best evidence against greenberg 's hypothesis would be to show ) that his methods , when applied * in the same way * to randomly chosen samples ) of languages of the earth ( including some amerindian languages ) , group them ) in the same way and with the same degree of ( un ) certainty as those methods ) group amerindian languages ( less the athabaskan languages ) together . ( i ) put the stars around """""""" in the same way """""""" because one can easily distort ) someone else 's methods . ) as i understand it , some people have tried ) applying greenberg 's method to one amerindian language and one other ) language ( finnish was one such , i believe ) , but i have never heard of a ) large-scale comparison being done in this way . ( and i believe greenberg ) says his method is best used for mass comparison , not one-on - one . ) ) here we go again . some bean counter some day will tot up the number of times """""""" greenberg """""""" occurs here and will rate the corresponding work as """""""" highly influential """""""" . never mind . there is no difference between mass comparison and pair comparison . when you engage in mass comparison you carry out a large number of pair comparisons . the greater the number of comparisons , the more chances you have of finding cognates . . and chance resemblances . take two dice and roll them . how often will they show the same score ? take a bagful of them and empty it onto the floor . matches galore . but that does not matter . we ' ve had recently a long , long , exchange on the comparative method , in which alexis manaster ramer made a point - - which he seemed to believe as important - - that no language had been found to retain less than 86 % of some sample wordlist ( swadesh 's 100 ? does n't matter as you shall soon see ) per thousand years . the claim is false , but never mind , i ' ll grant it as true . i ' ll even grant you 90 % retention . america , they say , was populated 18 , 000 years ago . well , not so , evidence from brazil now seem to push it back to 50 , 000 bp . but i ' ll grant you 18 , 000 bp . and that everybody since the great crossing was careful not to be linguistically overly innovative , so that there exist at least two maximally distant languages which have retained 90 % of their vocabulary millennium in millenium out . today you could expect to see between them 0 . 9 ^ ( 18 * 2 ) = 0 . 0225 , i . e . 2 . 25 % words in common . on that famous 100 - item highly stable """""""" basic """""""" vocabulary . so that 's your proto - amerind reconstituted . now , of course , we have not taken chance resemblances into account . if you remember greenberg sci . am . article and his calculations , he estimates the probability of chance resemblances at 1 in 250 . but he forgets that he allows a bit of metathesis . in fact , if you read carefully ruhlen 's """""""" on the origin of languages """""""" complete anagramming , since he list irish """""""" bligim """""""" as cognate with his * malk ' a . there are six ways in which you can combine 3 consonants , so that is really one chance of resemblance in 42 ( 250 / 6 = a tad under 42 ) . using their figure , then , how many chance resemblances show you expect to find in a 100 - item wordlist ? 100 / 42 = 2 . 38 . bingo ! more than real cognates after 18 , 000 years with very conservative languages . now , * if * america was really populated 50 , 000 years ago we should see 0 . 9 ^ ( 50 * 2 ) = 0 . 002656 % of your 100 - item list preserved . that 's one word in 37 , 649 . so out of every pair of 100 - item lists you will find , on the average , 1 / 37649 * 100 = 0 . 0027 wrods in common . meaning that you can look forward to examining some 376 pairs before you find one single cognate . but thanks to mass comparison , you are sure to find it . only compare 50 seemingly * unrelated * languages ( because you want to pick maximally distant languages ) . that gives you 50 * ( 50 - 1 ) / 2 = 1225 pairwise comparisons . with a bit of luck , that will give 3 or 4 cognates , each attested by 2 or 3 languages . . . . and stacks of spurious resemblances , each attested by far many more languages than your true cognates . perhaps america was not populated 50 , 000 years ago . but australia was at least 40 , 000 bp . that does not prevent some from reconstructing proto - australian . and trying to link it to indo - european . enough fun with figures . why do n't you try to * simulate * a paltry 30 , 000 years worth of evolution of 30 languages each represented by 100 words , with a one-in - 250 ( see how generous i am ) chance of resemblances ? ( warning : advertisement follows ) download glotto02 . zip from from directory / pc / linguistics at garbo . uwasa . fi , unzip it , read the documentation about programs glotsim , glottree do it , and see . ( de toutes facons , autant souffler dans un violon . c ' est tellement plus rigolo d ' aller s ' imaginer qu ' on peut demeler le passe perdu dans la nuit des temps ) . j . guy @ trl . oz . au
  """",0
  962,""""Subject: literary texts on cd
   
   can anyone tell me about the uk availability of literary texts such as tess of the d ' urbervilles in particular , on cd and therefore usable for corpus stylistics ? thankyou john wheat ; ley univ of aveiro portugal
  """",0
  963,""""Subject: gmt
   
   does anyone out there know of the whereabouts of jane roscoe mcbrearty , a linguist who gave an interesting paper ( """""""" why child phonology can never be deviant """""""" ) at the child language seminar in york ( uk ) in 1987 ? i would like to contact her if poss . thank you ! clare . gallaway @ man . ac . uk centre for audiology , education of the deaf and speech pathology university of manchester
  """",0
  964,""""Subject: maya / mayan language
   
   i ' m looking for information on the maya / mayan language : descriptive as well as historical . references are also needed . thank you . kalaya tingsabadh department of linguistics faculty of arts chulalongkorn university bangkok 10330 , thailand kalaya @ chulkn . car . chula . ac . th
  """",0
  965,""""Subject: qs
   
   re phonetics lab for mac or pc we would like to know what the market is for phonetics labs for the macintosh . we have an old fashioned lab with sonagraph , pitch meter and other acoustic instruments , but would like to get more up-to - date equipment . in particular we would like to hear from researchers who have used soundscope or other programs . in our faculty we mostly use macs , but if any of you know of an excellent pc - program we would like to know about it . thanks . kirsten gregersen department of applied linguistics odense university , denmark e-mail : kgr @ language . ou . dk kirsten gregersen institut for sprog og kommunikation , odense universitet , campusvej 55 , 5230 odense m tlf . : 6615 8600 , lokal 3409 , direkte valg : 6615 8696 - 3409 e - mail : kgr @ language . ou . dk , telefax : 6593 2483
  """",0
  966,""""Subject: voyeur de tons
   
   could someone tell me what relatively cheap software for mac to use to see the tonal melodies ( or convert frequencies in curves ) in tone languages ? thanks .
  """",0
  967,""""Subject: recommendations on ling . font set for mac ?
   
   i am looking for recommendations on a linguistic font set for the macintosh . ideally i would like one that is not bitmapped , if such a thing exists . germanic characters are also a requirement . please e-mail me with any recommendations , as well as info on where to purchase the fonts . thanks ! lee forester forester @ smaug . cs . hope . edu
  """",0
  968,""""Subject: sexism and language
   
   re lydie e . meunier 's latest , i did not mean to say that i consider oppression of any kind to be of no importance , but merely that in studying linguistic usages it is of no importance ( or at least less importance , ok ? ) what the real situation re oppression and the like is than what people perceive it to be . if ( as some seem to believe ) there is no oppression of women by men , i meant to say , that would not be what we would want to know in order to explain sexist language , so long as people believe that men are better , stronger , or whatever , so long as people believe that men are and deserve to be dominant and / or more prominent in public life , etc . because even if these things were not true ( although i think by large they obviously are ) , so long as people believe they are ( and certainly all cultures i am familiar with do ) , then that would suffice to explain sexist language . in the same way , we as linguists need not discuss the existence of god in order to be able to say that certain linguistic usages seem to be derived from such a belief . so , yes , i do believe women have been and continue to be oppressed in various ways , i am astounded that there are people who would deny it , but i also would say that in order to explain sexist language , that is not what we need to discuss . alexis manaster ramer
  """",0
  969,""""Subject: re : 6 . 1100 , disc : uniformitarianism , re : 1086 ; sex / lang
   
   dick hudson 's observations on us use of 's on ' but not 'd aughter ' as a vocative are very thought-provoking , but i am not sure that it is fair to attribute this to """""""" sons """""""" being """""""" treated like senior relatives """""""" . for one thing , we do n't normally use ' brother ' in this way any more than we do 'd aughter ' , and it is hard to imagine a natural class comprising senior relatives and 's on ' but excluding ' brother ' . for another , there seem to me to be differences here . if i am not imagining a distinction that is not there , it seems to me that the senior relative terms are used in a wider variety of contexts , e . g . , calling out from a distance to get someone 's attention , and hence at the beginning of an utterance , whereas 's on ' seems more natural in utterances like ' yes , son ' , ' hand me that , son ' than in ones like ' son ! ' or ' son , help me ! ' ( although perhaps these latter ones are not completely impossible ) . alexis mr
  """",0
  970,""""Subject: job opportunity at celex , the netherlands
   
   job opportunity at celex : german database development - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - thanks to a grant given by the board of the council for the humanities , one of the councils functioning within the netherlands organization for scientific research ( nwo ) , celex , the dutch centre for lexical information , invites applications for the position of one full-time researcher to expand and enhance the german lexical database for the fixed period of one year . tasks - - - - within the framework of a long-term lexical database research and development project , celex has been compiling and updating massive structured collections of numerous word features for dutch , english and german for the past ten years . celex has been jointly established and managed by the university of nijmegen , the institute for perception research ( ipo ) in eindhoven , the institute for dutch lexicology ( inl ) in leiden , and the max planck institute for psycholinguistics ( mpi ) in nijmegen . it is located at the mpi , which is formally entrusted with its day-to - day administration . a grant recently awarded by nwo enables us to appoint one extra computational linguist for a period of one year on a full-time basis . the future employee 's tasks will focus on enhancing and expanding the german lexical database . they include : - adding frequent words and neologisms to the german database from the text corpus supplied by the institut fuer deutsche sprache in mannheim , and possibly other , more recent or more extensive corpora . - expanding these words to their full inflectional paradigm and encoding their orthographic , morphological , phonological and syntactic features . - disambiguating the frequencies of all homographic wordforms ( approx . 12 , 000 existing and new entries ) on the basis of their context in the mannheim corpus or other corpora . this task will be carried out in collaboration with two student assistants . - evaluating and , where necessary , revising the verbal argument structures listed in the current database on the basis of scholarly publications , corpus research and dictionary labels . requirements - - - - - - - - - - - applicants should ideally have a master 's degree in german with advanced computational skills , or have mixed but solid qualifications in german and computational linguistics . native speakers of german with a training in general and computational linguistics are also invited to apply . employment conditions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - employment will be on a temporary basis , for a period of one year . although the grant is restricted to this period , the appointment may be extended depending on the provision of additional funding from the dutch government , european councils or any other relevant bodies . no further commitment on our part or claims on the part of the applicant can be derived from this statement , however . the salary will be on the scale of 10 ( approx . dfl . 4 , 000 = ( us $ 2 , 500 ) to 6 , 000 , = ( us $ 3 , 750 ) before tax per month ) for junior researchers , according to qualifications and relevant experience . enquiries - - - - - - - - further enquiries can be made to : richard piepenbrock celex project manager max planck institute for psycholinguistics wundtlaan 1 6525 xd nijmegen the netherlands tel : ( + 31 ) ( 0 ) 80 - 615797 fax : ( + 31 ) ( 0 ) 80 - 521213 > from 10-10 - 1995 : tel : ( + 31 ) ( 0 ) 24 - 3615797 fax : ( + 31 ) ( 0 ) 24 - 3521213 e - mail : celex @ mpi . nl more information on celex ( though not on the job ) can be found on our www - homepage at url http : / / www . kun . nl / celex method of application - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - letters of application , accompanied by a curriculum vitae and the names and addresses ( also e-mail address , if applicable ) of two referees should be sent by surface mail or e-mail to the above-mentioned addresses . the closing date for applications is september 15 , 1995 . you can expect to be notified of the outcome of your application not later than one month after the closing date .
  """",0
  971,""""Subject: sum : urdu materials in us
   
   dear linguists , some months ago i wrote to ask about materials for learning urdu ( audio materials in particular ) . i recieved several helpful responses . sanjaya hettihewa ( sanjaya @ wam . umd . edu ) recommended calling the international language center in washington , d . c . in addition to dictionaries , the center has _ an introduction to hindi and urdu _ for $ 29 . 95 and _ urdu for english speakers _ for $ 14 . 00 . however , no audio tapes are available . you can reach the center at ( 202 ) 332-2894 . greg thomson ( gthomson @ gpu . srv . ualberta . ca ) suggested contacting audio forum at ( 203 ) 225-5400 , which does indeed have audio tapes . a set of nine tapes and the accompanying textbook can be bought for $ 185 plus shipping charges . audio forum also offers a free catalogue . i would like to thank sandy cash ( leon @ gibbs . oit . unc . edu ) and aa khan ( aak2 @ unix . york . ac . uk ) for the further advice they gave . all prices given above are in united states dollars . thank you all ! melia m . e . brush ememb @ alpha . pr1 . k12 . co . us
  """",0
  972,""""Subject: re : 6 . 1101 , qs : literary texts on cd , j . roscoe , maya / mayan lg
   
   john wheatley asks for a source for tess of the d ' urbervilles . this text can be downloaded free of charge ( as can several other literary texts ) by anonymous ftp from ota . ox . ac . uk ( the oxford text archive ) . tess is in the sub-directory pub / ota / english / hardy / tess . 1581 ( i think the directory names are case sensitive ) . david
  """",0
  973,""""Subject: seeking langacker reference
   
   in a paper by ronald langacker entitled ' the symbolic nature of cognitive grammar : the meaning of _ of _ and of _ of _ - periphrasis ' ( in martin puetz ( ed ) 1992 _ thirty years of linguistic evolution _ . philadelphia : benjamins ) there is a reference to the following : langacker , r . w . [ 1992 ] [ to appear ] . possession and possessive constructions . i have not been able to find this item . can anyone tell me more about it ( such as , for example , has it appeared yet , and if so , where ) ? - dave scarratt davids @ cse . unsw . edu . au
  """",0
  974,""""Subject: case systems in use
   
   how many readers have used a case system in a nl application ? we ' re interested in your experiences and the conclusions you drew from them , as well as any details of your particular semantic roles and the nl task . replies by email , please ; we ' ll post a summary to the list . thanks in advance , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ken barker : department of computer science : university of ottawa kbarker @ csi . uottawa . ca : ( 613 ) 562-5800 ext 6728 : ottawa , canada , k1n 6n5
  """",0
  975,""""Subject: awali
   
   is there anyone who can tell me which is the language of the following song ( by pierre bensusan ) , and what is the meaning of this text ? awali , aale ' fa nie say aie faali , ai laa-o fane ' oue ' awaali , whode ' - d ' mma doho manoo-ho amaani nemma fid ' n so . awali . ale oma fin ' way amma ma ma ne vo ^ fa wo ^ f ' ma neh s ' t ' beie a fee , o - o-oui la ^ ma-ne ' - sai o ma-meh fa ^ me ^ ness kin 'd ' way e na fane ' o ^ fa tchi ' kengue ' in the complete version of this song , each paragraph is preceded and followed by paragraphs in french . frank van der leeuw university of amsterdam / holland institute of generative linguistics department of linguistics spuistraat 210 1012 vt amsterdam
  """",0
  976,""""Subject: job announcement - academia sinica
   
   job announcement institute of history and philology , academia sinica the linguistics division of the institute of history and philology , academia sinica invites applications from citizens of the republic of china for research positions with the possibility toward tenure track posts . the area of specialization is open , but preference will be given to those in the following fields : phonology ( and phonetics ) , semantics , chinese dialect sutdies , and chinese minority languages . applicants already holding a ph . d . will be considered for the position of assistant research fellow ( equivalent to an assistant professor ) ; applicants holding an m . a . only will be considered for the positions of research assistant . these are purely research positions and no teaching is required . the minimum salaries for these positions are nt $ 63 , 215 ( about us $ 2 , 431 ) and nt $ 45 , 110 ( about us $ 1 , 735 ) per month respectively , plus bonuses . applicants should send a vitae , transcripts from graduate school , an abstract of the ma thesis or dissertation ( including the title , chapter by chapter summary , methodology , materials , and main conclusions ) , and three letters of recommendation to dr . chiu - yu tseng , head linguistics division institute of history and philology academia sinica taipei 115 , taiwan roc deadline for receipt of these materials is march 31 , 1995 . those applying will be notified of our preliminary decision around the beginning and may , 1995 ; those notified of preliminary acceptance would then be expected to send complete text of the thesis or dissertation by the end of may , 1995 for evaluation . for more information , applicants should write to the address above or send e-mail to hscyt @ ccvax . sinica . edu . tw
  """",0
  977,""""Subject: teaching english in korea
   
   teaching english in korea the language center of the chonnam national university is looking for efl instructors . at present we have twelve full-time instructors : three koreans , one japanese and eight native speakers of english with degrees in tesl . in 1995 we plan to employ three or more english teachers , preferably native speakers of english . we will provide instructors with : 1 . housing on or off campus 2 . settlement allowance of us $ 500 3 . payment of us $ 19 , 000 for 630 teaching hours a year and payment of $ 30 for one additional hour of teaching 4 . health insurance 5 . assistant professorship and additional monthly payment of $ 125 to those with doctoral degree in tesl . we require the following documents : 1 . curriculum vitae 2 . documents for m . a . degree in esl / efl 3 . two letters of recommendation * . interns need recommendations from his / her own institute . each session begins january , march , may , july , september , and november . so you have some flexibility in selecting the time to come all the year round . we are also interested in getting applicants for internship program . interns will be teaching three hours a day ( m - f ) either one or two sessions . we will provide the interns with homestay and round-trip airfare . gyonggu shin , professor of english director , language research center chonnam national university kwangju 500-757 , korea office : 82-62 - 520-7920 fax : 82-62 - 526-5521 email : gshin @ rs6 . chonnam . ac . kr lrc @ rs6 . chonnam . ac . kr
  """",0
  978,""""Subject: job posting - apple-iss research center
   
   content - length : 3386 apple-iss research center a us $ 10 million joint venture between apple computer inc . and the institute of systems science of the national university of singapore , located in singapore , is looking for : a senior speech scientist - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the successful candidate will have research expertise in computational linguistics , including natural language processing and * * english * * and * * chinese * * statistical language modeling . knowledge of state-of - the-art corpus-based n - gram language models , cache language models , and part-of - speech language models are required . a text - to - speech project leader - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the successful candidate will have research expertise expertise in two or more of the following areas : computational linguistics , including natural language parsing , lexical database design , and statistical language modeling ; text tokenization and normalization ; prosodic analysis . substantial knowledge of the phonology , syntax , and semantics of chinese is required . knowledge of acoustic phonetics and / or speech signal processing is desirable . both candidates will have a phd with at least 2 to 4 years of relevant work experience , or a technical msc degree with at least 5 to 7 years of experienc e . very strong software engineering skills , including design and implementation , and productization are required in these positions . knowledge of c , c + + and unix are preferred . a unix & c programmer - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - we are looking for an experienced unix & c programmer , preferably with good industry experience , to join us in breaking new frontiers . strong knowledge of unix tools ( compilers , linkers , make , x - windows , e - mac , . . . ) and experience in matlab required . sun and silicon graphic experience is an advantage . programmers with less than two years industry experience need not apply . these positions include interaction with scientists in the national university of singapore , and with apple 's speech research and productization efforts located in cupertino , california . attendance and publication in international scientific / engineering conferences is encouraged . benefits include an internationally competitive salary , housing subsidy , and relocation expenses . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ send a complete resume , enclosing personal particulars , qualifications , experience and contact telephone number to : mr jean - luc lebrun center manager apple - iss research center , institute of systems science heng mui keng terrace , singapore 0511 tel : ( 65 ) 772-6571 fax : ( 65 ) 776-4005 email : jllebrun @ iss . nus . sg
  """",0
  979,""""Subject: q ? french aspect
   
   my question arises from olsen 's 1994 diss on tense-aspect . it is standardly assumed that , e . g . , aimait is both past and imperfect * combined * . but i wonder about its synchronic status in spoken french . it seems to me that you have a simple past / nonpast contrast over three constructions : simple stem ; aux """""""" have """""""" + participle ; and infinitives with enclitic """""""" have """""""" , thus proportionately : aim-e : aim-ait : : a aime ' : av-ait aime ' : : aim-er - a : aim-er - ait if this analysis is correct for french , would it not be better to assume aimait is the """""""" simple past tense """""""" ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? why not let the aspect come """""""" for free """""""" as a """""""" default """""""" interpretation . just musing .
  """",0
  980,""""Subject: sapir - whorf
   
   sapir-whorf hypothesis i know linguist had extensive conversation about """""""" snow , """""""" etc . , etc . , and the current status of the sapir - whorf hypothesis . i am once again faced with how to teach this material in introductory linguistics ( i use the latest ed . of lg . files , osu , which has a chapter on it ) . my question to the network is this . what sort of conclusion is now appropriate ? i have always stated that no one has disproved whorf 's mild version of ling . relativity ( let 's leave ling . determinism aside , or the stronger version ) . but i have been reading pinker 's the lg . instinct . it is stated therein that whorf was clearly wrong on all counts ( and how could he have been so wrong ! ) . the subject matter of s - w is material which students have always found fascinating . the literature on the hypothesis is now vast . all i want to do is to be fair vis-a - vis ling . in 1995 and present the state of the art of what we know today . i will gladly post a summary for all those who care to write to me of their experiences here , either teaching or researching . respond either to me ( akaye @ fullerton . edu ) or directly to the network , as per your inclination . thank you in advance for your kind assistance . alan kaye linguistics calaifornia state university fullerton , ca 92634
  """",0
  981,""""Subject: phrase identification
   
   dept of english , university of louisville , lou ky 40291 phone : 502 / 852-5901 an asian student has said that an american student has flamed him on the university 's e-mail system by calling him a """""""" vaginer shill """""""" . has anyone heard of this phrase ? what does it mean ? ( this spelling is exactly that used by the american student . ) karen a . mullen university of louisville internet : kamull01 @ ulkyvm . louisville . edu bitnet : kamull01 @ ulkyvm
  """",0
  982,""""Subject: yiddish orthography
   
   is there a standard orthography for yiddish in the roman alphabet ? what would the reference be ? reply to me privately , please . - thanks , charlotte linde
  """",0
  983,""""Subject: updates on webpage for slrf 95
   
   if you need information about slrf 95 , how to get to cornell , copies of ithaca and cornell maps , airline and local bus schedules , complete lists of hotels , a preliminary list of paper abstracts , etc . , please visit our web page : http : / / www . dmll . edu / slrf95 . html - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = slrf ' 95 : second language research forum 1995 cornell university september 29 , 30 - october 1 , 1995 e-mail : slrf95 @ cornell . edu fax : ( 607 ) - 255-7491 regular mail : slrf95 morrill 203 cornell university ithaca , ny 14853 usa - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = rafael salaberry 203 morrill hall modern languages cornell university e-mail : mrs4 @ cornell . edu = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
  """",0
  984,""""Subject: summary : vowels and sound symbolism
   
   summary : vowels and sound symbolism two weeks ago i circulated a message on the list asking for information on languages with sound-symbolic vowel hierarchies . what prompted this message was a description i came across of the longzhou dialect of the zhuang language spoken in guangxi province in southwestern china * . the language had a vowel hierarchy in following order i < e < a < o < u / w ( unrounded """""""" u """""""" ) which is manifest in the verbs , adjectives and measures of the language : the higher up on the hierarchy the vowel , the greater the magnitude or the intensity of the word . for example , ( 1 ) measures 1 . ni : p7 tsi3 ( a small stack of paper ) ne : p7 tsi3 ( a big stack of paper ) 2 . je : m1 kw1 ( a tiny pinch of salt ) ja : m1 kw1 ( a big handful of salt ) 3 . ki : n5 mai4 ( a tiny branch ) kw : n5 mai4 ( a big branch ) ( 2 ) verbs 1 . di : u1 ( to pry using a small tool ) da : u1 ( to pry using a large tool ) 2 . je : t7 ( a small object bouncing ) ja : t7 ( a large object bouncing ) 3 . ve : t7 ( to dig using a small tool ) va : t7 ( to dig using a large tool ) ( 3 ) adjectives 1 . ? e : u3 ( to bend or break ) ? e : u3 bje : p8 bje : p8 ( to break silently ) ? e : u3 bja : p8 bja : p8 ( to break , but slightly louder than the first ) ? e : u3 bjo : p8 bjo : p8 ( to break loudly ) ? e : u3 bju : p8 bju : p8 ( to break very loudly ) 2 . lai1 ( to flow ) lai1 se2 se2 ( to flow softly ) lai1 sa2 sa2 ( to flow , but slightly louder than the first ) lai1 so2 so2 ( to flow loudly ) lai1 su2 su2 ( to flow very loudly ) 3 . hau3 ( the weather being warm ) hau3 je : m5 ( the weather being slightly warm ) hau3 jo : m5 ( the weather being very warm ) hau3 ju : m5 ( the weather being extremely warm ) i asked if there were other languages that had similar mechanisms , and here are the replies . my thanks to jan lindstrom , stephen p . spackman , hiroshi hanara , bruce a . connell , anne gilman , dirk elzinga , and mark huber . * xie , zhiming . 1983 . """""""" longzhou zhuangyu de yuanyin jiaoti """""""" ( vowel alternations in the zhuang language of longzhou ) . yuyan yanjiu 5 : 212-218 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the correspondence to your system is by no means discrete , but there are similar vowel hierarchies or ordering in japanese onomatopoeic words that describe natural sound , repetition and number , magnitude , and perceived sizes . generally one can think of a continuum of the sort below , having general attributes as indicated : / i / / e / / a / / o / / u / < - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > small , sharp , light large , blunt , heavy , intense ( / u / is phonetically an unrounded high mid / back vowel ) . i recall a discussion on sound symbolism / onomatopoeia in japanese in _ dictionary of basic japanese grammar _ ( japan times , tokyo , 1987 ? ) by makino , seiichi and tsutsui , michio . the book was intended for learners of japanese but the discussion on onomatopoeia toward the end of the book may still be useful . hiroshi nara associate professor japanese language eall , university of pittsburgh pittsburgh , pa 15260 usa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wasco chinookan evidently has a diminuitive morpheme with several degrees of intensity , varying according to consonant qualities ( there may be two axes , actually ; at least one goes : ejective-voiced - unvoiced - labialized or something - - i do n't have the paper in front of me , pardon factual errors ! ) . this phenomenon also involves vowel alternation . the paper is by michael silverstein and it came out in : title : sound symbolism / edited by leanne hinton , johanna nichols , and john j . ohala . published : cambridge ( england ) ; new york : cambridge university press , 1994 . description : x , 373 p . : ill . ; 24 cm . notes : includes bibliographical references and index . subjects : sound symbolism other authors : hinton , leanne nichols , johanna ohala , john j . isbn : 0521452198 oclc number : 29027865 thought i would toss the idea in the hopper . . . anne gilman ( grad student , ut austin ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i do n't know any parallel examples , but in ibibio you can lengthen the vowel to show increasing duration or repetition of an action . ( it 's actually a bit more complicated than that . ) meanwhile i suggest you check a paper by ohala , ' the ethiological use of pitch ' ( i think ) , which appeared in phonetica in the early ' 80s ( again , i think ) . he has done other work on sound symbolism , including a recent book ( hinton , nichols , ohala , eds ) under that name . actually there are two by ohala , both in phonetica , one in 1983 , one in 1984 . . . in yoruba , rugudu ( hhh ) 's mall and spherical ( as buttocks ) ' vs rogodo ( hhh ) ' large and round ( as yams ) ' . if i understood your posting this fits in your ( i . e . the longzhou ) hierarchy . i came across it in child 's paper in the sound symbolism book , the original source is courtenay ( 1976 ) . nb both these words are ideophones in yoruba and there is no suggestion that these two words reflect a productive process , even among ideophones ( though i suspect no one has seriously checked out the possibility ) . dr . bruce a . connell oxford university . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shoshoni , a uto - aztecan language spoken in the great basin of north america has something like this with demonstratives . there are two sets of prefixes which can be affixed to demonstrative stems ; the first set consists of an [ s ] followed by a vowel and has definite readings , while the second set consists of a bare vowel and has indefinite readings . these are : i ii gloss example si - i - near sit @ n ' this ' se - e - not quite so near set @ n ' this ' sa - a - far , but in sight sat @ n ' that ' su - u - not in sight , far sut @ n ' that ' in addition , there is another prefix which makes no distinction as to proximity , ma - . the forgoing information is taken from a grammatical sketch of shoshoni by the late wick miller , as well as my own field experience with the language . dirk elzinga university of arizona elzinga @ aruba . ccit . arizona . edu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you might want to look at my book for the vector space of vowels . the ordering above is almost a perfect match for a hilbert curve that follows the vowels at the corners of the ordinal vowel cube : hubey , h . m . ( 1994 ) mathematical and computational linguistics , mir domu tvoemu , moscow , russia , isbn 5-87553 - 001 - 4 as in many other scientific fields , particular mathematical fields are used or have been shown via experience to be useful in linguistics and most books on linguistics do n't stray too far from these methods ; i . e . the formal language theory , graph theoretic , or logic . this book covers the area starting from the most basic phonetics / phonemics to morphology , syntax and historical linguistics . almost everything in the book is original and uses mathematics to model the phenomena . what is not original is covered in the appendices . even some original ideas can be found in the appendices . it 's comprehensive and introduces mathematical methods into linguistics in a very strong , natural and non-trivial way including ; differential equations , stochastic differential equations , catastrophe theory , fuzzy mathematics , entropy , various metric spaces , vector spaces for phonemes , orthogonal basis for speech sounds , and a natural orthogonal space for sonority , vowels , and even consonants , time-domain and frequency-domain relationships , dimensional analysis , partial differential equations and permutation matrices et cetera in addition to the usual binary arithmetic , and monoids , groups , rings , karnaugh maps , sets , et cetera . you can find a free copy of the book on my home page at http : / / www . smns . montclair . edu / ~ hubey or directly try ftp ' ing to amiga . montclair . edu the http is a much better way you can get a copy of the table of contents first . regards , mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  """",0
  985,""""Subject: the ldc united nations corpus
   
   in linguist 6 . 973 and a parallel query to the corpora list , rapahel salkie asked some questions about the un parallel corpus from the linguistic data consortium ( ldc ) . before these queries appeared , a response to an earlier query from dr . salkie had already gone out privately from rebecca finch . i certainly urge anyone with experience in using the un corpus to respond to dr . salkie as well . we have also placed a sample of 24 ( out of 21 , 000 ) parallel documents , each in english , french and spanish , in : ftp : / / ftp . cis . upenn . edu / pub / ldc / data _ samples / un _ par _ sample . tar . z these samples should also be accessible , along with quite a bit of other ldc information , from the www page at url http : / / www . cis . upenn . edu / ~ ldc let me add a few words about ldc prices and costs , since dr . salkie 's message expressed the normal human annoyance at being asked to part with money , both in the case of the un corpus and another ( not yet published ) ldc parallel text corpus , the canadian hansard . the ldc membership fee for a university is $ 2 , 000 , and for this fee everyone at that university can get an unlimited and perpetual research license for everything that the ldc publishes during the year of membership . thus you can join the other ninety current members of the corsortium and get not only the forthcoming hansard corpus , but also the other twenty or so databases published this year . for the same amount , a university can get the un corpus and the other 15 databases published in 1994 . whether a particular database , or collection of databases , is worth that amount of money is of course a matter of individual or institutional judgement . we feel that $ 2 , 000 , which is roughly the cost of a moderately configured pc or an international conference trip , is not out of line even for university researchers . speaking for myself , i have a great deal of sympathy for the effort to provide research resources free or at minimal cost , and i have been involved in several successful efforts to bring out such databases over the years , including the acl / dci cd-rom , the eci disk , the celex disk , and others offered in the range of $ 25 - $ 200 . these efforts rely heavily on volunteer labor and other donated resources ; in several cases they have also relied on cash donations from the ldc . however , volunteer labor is rarely available in the needed quantities ; and of course ldc - supplied cash , as well as the existence of the ldc as an organization , depends on income from somewhere . the money that we get from memberships and database sales is a crucial part of the picture - - - without it the ldc would not exist , and neither would either of the databases under discussion . to highlight the point , the history of the u . n . publication is worth reviewing briefly . we decided to try to publish the u . n . archives because translation researchers wanted parallel texts . after concluding several months of negotiations with un representatives and lawyers for both sides , we paid for a nj - based computer consultant to go into the un offices at night so as to make backups of the archives from dismountable disk packs for a long-obsolete wang word processor onto cartridge tapes . this required several months and cost a considerable sum ; we had to use this particular person because he was an authorized service rep for the un facility . then came six person-months of work at the ldc . we had to decode the proprietary and undocumented wang backup format , and the equally proprietary and undocumented wang character set , typographical codes and file structures . we re-organized the entire archive and translated it into wordperfect format , and published a certain number of cd-rom s in this form for the purposes of the un - - - this was part of the agreement that we made with them for access to the data . then we translated the documents into iso-8859 - 1 with sgml markup ( including a working dtd , for those how care ) , and worked out the correspondences among documents . this was far from trivial , since each un language had been entered separately , with no coordination of file names , file dates , or even division of documents into files , and there were tens of thousands of documents per language . this work was mainly done by dave graff , whose salary the ldc pays . we are not likely to recover the costs of acquisition and production of this database through sales and memberships bought for its sake . we subsidize our members by cost-sharing with government grants , or by using income from more popular or less expensive databases to cover unrecovered costs of less popular or more expensive ones . in the case of the forthcoming hansard corpus , which dr . salkie also mentioned , the cost of acquisition and publication has been similar to that of the u . n . material , and the same remarks about subsidies apply . whether a particular database is worth a certain price is a matter of individual taste , but as a matter of simple arithmetic , the fees charged in these two cases are unlikely ever to cover the costs incurred . for those who have read this far , i would like to repeat a standing offer that has been in existence since the beginning of the ldc . if you are interested in cd-rom publication of a language-related database that is plausibly of interest to our membership , and this database is reasonably close to being in shape to publish , we will pay the costs of production , using your label design or one worked out with you ; we will give you up to a hundred copies to do with as you see fit ; we will put the item in our catalogue at whatever price you choose ; and we will remit to you any resulting income in excess of our production costs . the copyright ( if any ) will remain with you , and we will handle any user license arrangements that may be necessary , sending the signed licenses to you . we have published several databases on this basis , and are planning to publish several others , although ( from past experience ) the chances of making back our production costs are no better than even . best wishes , mark liberman myl @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu 619 williams hall university of pennsylvania phone : 215-898 - 0141 philadelphia , pa 19104-6305 fax : 215-573 - 2175
  """",0
  986,""""Subject: announcment ( from j . e . flege )
   
   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ post-doctoral fellowships available _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the department of biocommunication , university of alabama at birmingham , in conjunction with grants from the national institutes of health , announces two ( 2 ) post - doctoral fellowships . the fellows will work closely with the pi , james emil flege , ph . d . , to meet the objectives of nih grants which seek to better under - stand the evolution over the lifespan of the ability to learn speech and language . experiments using a wide range of techniques and paradigms will examine the acquisition of a second language ( usually english ) by native speakers of italian , korean , japanese , or spanish . the second-language ( l2 ) learners will differ according to the age at which l2 learning commenced , years of use of the l2 , proficiency in the l2 , or bilingual balance . one position involves research that focuses on segmental production and perception . the second position involves research focusing on differences in the acquisition of phonetic / phonological and morphosyntactic structures in the l2 . requirements : a ph . d . ( or equivalent degree ) in a discipline relevant to the research ( e . g . , experimental phonetics , exper - imental or developmental psychology , cognitive science , speech science , linguistics , esl ) . neither us citizenship nor permanent resident status is required . salary : $ 22 , 000 to $ 35 , 000 per year , depending on number of years of post-doctoral experience . health insurance , incidental expenses , and a travel allowance will also be provided . ( these non-faculty positions do not involve a payback agreement with nih . ) earliest available date : january 1 , 1996 . appointments will be for one year , with renewals possible . e - mail inquiries : flegeje @ biocom1 . bioc . uab . edu to apply : please send a cover letter , resume , writing samples ( articles , or a portion of your dissertation ) , and the names of references to : james emil flege , ph . d . department of biocommunication university of alabama at birmingham vh 503 birmingham , al 35294-0019 uab is an affirmative action / equal opportunity employer . applications from members of minority groups and women are encouraged . sincerely yours , james emil flege , ph . d . professor department of biocommunication uab schools of medicine & dentistry box 503 , uab station birmingham , al 35294-0019 flegeje @ biocom1 . bioc . uab . edu tel : ( 205 ) 934-3644 fax : ( 205 ) 934-7420
  """",0
  987,""""Subject: studies on sla of hungarian ?
   
   i am currently writing a phd on the second language acquisition of hungarian by native speakers of english , with particular reference to their ability to acquire the unique focus feature in hungarian . since i am not aware of any other existing or on-going study , i would like to know whether there is anybody else out there doing any relevant work on the topic of hungarian as a l2 who would like to share their ideas with me . if there is sufficient interest , i ' ll post a summary to the list . szilvia papp spapp @ festival . ed . ac . uk university of edinburgh department of applied linguistics 14 buccleuch place edinburgh eh8 9ln scotland - u . k .
  """",0
  988,""""Subject: re : help with spanish translation
   
   i am translating a paper of mine into spanish for submission to the upcoming international conference on activity theory ( vygotsky ) to be held in havana . while i am an experienced english / spanish translator , my knowledge of spanish ed / psych terminology is very limited . if anyone is able to help me with any of the following """""""" demons """""""" i 'd really appreciate it . thanks , pete farruggio * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * research - ( as in """""""" the research has shown . . . """""""" [ i think this is called a collective noun ] i ' ve been using """""""" las investigaciones """""""" any better ideas ? developmentalism - """""""" desarollismo """""""" ? sequenced skills - """""""" destrezas consecuentes """""""" ? sight vocabulario - """""""" vocabulario automatico """""""" ? curriculum - """""""" curriculum """""""" ? ( there are some instances where i need it as an adjective , as in """""""" curriculum guidelines """""""" ) child-centered - ( adjective ) . . . a child-centered classroom - """""""" un salon organizado segun los intereses juveniles """""""" ? ? ? tutee - """""""" tutelado """""""" ? tutoring - ( adj ) as in """""""" tutoring activity """""""" . . . """""""" actividad tutoreal """""""" ? partnerships - as in """""""" class partnerships """""""" - """""""" emparejamientos entre clases """""""" ? dyad - """""""" el diada """""""" , """""""" la diada """""""" or - - - ? dyad - ( adj ) as in """""""" dyad activity """""""" - """""""" actividad diadica [ ' on first a ] """""""" ?
  """",0
  989,""""Subject: looking for horn 's negation book
   
   i need to find a copy of laurence horn 's ( 1989 ) book entitled _ a natural history of negation _ ( univ . of chicago press ) . the publisher tells me that the paperback edition went out of print in february 1995 and the hard cover edition before that . if anyone can tell me where to find a copy of the book for sale , i 'd appreciate it tremendously . i ' m willing to buy new or used , hard cover or paperback . ( the book is essential for my thesis . ) thank you for any assitance . please respond to : michael beard 73131 . 3101 @ compuserve . com
  """",0
  990,""""Subject: call for papers
   
   call for papers session on spanish or portuguese theoretical or applied linguistics 7th biennial northeast regional meeting american association of teachers of spanish and portuguese university of massachusetts at amherst , 20-21 september 1996 papers in spanish , portuguese , or english ; title must be in language that will be used for reading ; 20 minutes maximum reading time . send three copies of the abstract ( do not exceed one page ) , by 20 november 1995 , to : juan c . zamora spanish and portuguese university of massachusetts amherst , ma 01003 e - mail zamora @ spanport . umass . edu if interested in organizing a session ( maximum three 20 - minute papers ) on a specific subject of spanish and portuguese theoretical or applied linguistics contact juan c . zamora no later than 1 october 1995 , at the above addresses .
  """",0
  991,""""Subject: chinese romanization : gwoyeu romatzyh
   
   there is a web page explaining the rules of gwoyeu romatzyh , the system of chinese romanization devised by y . r . chao that features tonal spelling . the url for this page is http : / / weber . u . washington . edu / ~ yuenren / romatzyh . html david prager branner , yuen ren society asian l&l , do-21 , university of washington seattle , wa 98195 usa < charmii @ u . washington . edu > web : http : / / weber . u . washington . edu / ~ yuenren / circular . html
  """",0
  992,""""Subject: efl position in israel
   
   i have been asked to post this job advertisement . please respond to the address in the ad . center for technological education affiliated with tel - aviv university the center for technological education in holon is in the process of establishing an english as a foreign language unit . the unit will provide the required english courses for all students of the center . it will be associated with the faculty of social sciences . we are currently looking to fill the position of head of this unit . the position carries a teaching load of twelve hours per semester as well as responsibility for the academic , professional and organizational aspects of the unit . in addition , scholarly activity and participation in the academic life of the faculty of the social sciences is expected . candidates should have a masters degree in a relevant domain as well as several years of teaching english as a foreign language at one of the universities in israel . scholarly activity , publications and organizational experience are also desirable . the initial appointment will most likely be at the level of ' moreh ' on the parallel academic track . interested candidates should send their cv , list of publications , and other relevant material to the efl search committee , c / o dalia man , center for technological education , p . o . box 305 , holon 58102 , israel . the process of selection will continue until the position is filled .
  """",0
  993,""""Subject: job : english in keio univ ( 2nd posting )
   
   faculty position , keio university keio university 's faculty of science and technology wishes to announce the opening of a full-time position in english and related areas , beginning in april , 1996 . applicants should be native or near-native speakers of japanese , have graduated from a japanese university in english or a closely related field , have completed at least the course work for a doctoral degree in the humanities or social sciences , and have at least three years in research and teaching experience . the successful candidate will be appointed at the rank of tenured assistant professor ( shennin koushi ) . required documents to be submitted : 1 . curriculum vitae , according to the japanese style and format , with one photograph 2 . a list of research papers 3 . three sample publications , one of each , either originals or copies 4 . a description of the candidate 's future research plans ( approximately two a - 4 pages ) 5 . a statement of the candidate 's views regarding university english education ( approximately one a - 4 page ) deadline september 9 , 1995 ( the post cancellation mark will serve as validation . ) selection process candidates who pass the initial screening process will be invited of an interview ( travel and lodging will be at the applicant 's expense ) . direct notification of the date and other details will be subsequently provided . address to which applications and accompanying documents are to be sent : hiyoshi kyoumuka ( rikougakubu ) keio university 4 - 1 - 1 hiyoshi kouhoku - ku , yokohama 223 japan note 1 . applications and accompanying documents should be sent by registered mail , with a notice in red ink , preferably in japanese , noting their contents . 2 . applicants should be aware that the submitted materials cannot be returned . 3 . should you have any questions , please contact professor keiji nakano ( e - mail : a01057 @ cc . hc . keio . ac . jp ) .
  """",0
  994,""""Subject: icslp 96
   
   = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = iiii ccccc sssss ll pppppp 999999 666666 ii cc cc ss ss ll pp pp 99 99 66 66 ii cc ss ll pp pp 99 99 66 ii cc sssssss ll pppppp 9999999 6666666 ii cc ss ll pp 99 66 66 ii cc cc ss ss ll pp 99 99 66 66 iiii ccccc sssss lllllll pp 999999 666666 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = fourth international conference on spoken language processing * * * * * * october 3 - 6 , 1996 wyndham franklin plaza hotel philadelphia , pa , usa * * * * * * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ icslp 96 organizers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ h . timothy bunnell , chair richard a . foulds , vice - chair applied science & engineering laboratories wilmington , de , usa * * * * * * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ icslp _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ icslp unites researchers , developers , and clinicians for an exchange on a wide variety of topics related to the spoken language processing of humans and machines . conference presentations range from basic acoustic phonetic research to clinically oriented speech training devices to speech-based natural language interfaces for man-machine interaction . icslp 96 will feature technical sessions of both oral and poster format , plenary talks , commercial exhibits , and daily special sessions . in addition , satellite workshops will be held in conjunction with the conference in the areas of interactive voice technology , spoken dialogue , speech databases and speech i / o , and gestures and speech . a new emphasis for icslp 96 will be on the clinical applications of speech technology , including the use of speech technology based applications for persons with disabilities . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conference update _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 / 10 / 95 dates to note : january 15 , 1996 - paper abstracts due for review march 15 , 1996 - acceptance notification may 1 , 1996 - deadline for papers ( camera-ready , 4 pages ) prospective authors are invited to submit papers relevant to spoken language processing in any of the conference technical areas . abstracts of proposed papers must be received by the icslp 96 organizing committee no later than january 15 , 1996 . papers will be selected by the icslp 96 technical program committee and assigned for presentation in poster or oral format . english is the working language for the conference . submission of an abstract implies a commitment to submit a four page , camera-ready version of the paper and to present the paper in either an oral or poster session if the abstract is accepted . participants will be expected to pay their own registration fees , travel , and accommodations for icslp 96 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ submission of abstracts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ abstracts must be received by the icslp 96 organizing committee no later than january 15 , 1996 . abstracts may be submitted either by post or by e-mail following these guidelines : + one page , 400 word maximum + technical area ( s ) indicated in order of preference using the codes ( a - x ) below . + title of the proposed paper clearly indicated + preference for paper or poster clearly indicated + if sent by post , submit four ( 4 ) copies of the abstract + if sent by e-mail , use plain text ( ascii ) format only each abstract must also include the following contact information : + author name ( s ) * + postal mailing address + phone number + fax number + e - mail address e - mailed abstracts will be acknowledged by e-mail within 48 hours of submission . if you do not receive e-mail confirmation , we have not received your abstract ! please check the e-mail address and resubmit . please do not e-mail multiple copies for any other reason . * please be sure that the primary contact person is noted if it is someone other than the first author . mail or send abstracts to : icslp 96 applied science & engineering laboratories a . i . dupont institute p . o . box 269 wilmington , de 19899 e - mail : icslp - abstract @ asel . udel . edu _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ technical areas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a . production of spoken language b . perception of spoken language c . robust speech modeling and speech enhancement d . speech coding and transmission e . automatic speech recognition f . spoken language processing for special populations g . phonetics and phonology h . spoken discourse analysis / synthesis i . synthesis of spoken language j . applications for people with speech / language / hearing disorders k . databases and standards for speech technology l . prosody of spoken language m . speech analysis and parameterization n . spoken language acquisition / learning o . integrating spoken language and natural language processing p . hardware for speech processing q . neural networks and stochastic modeling of spoken language r . dialects and speaking styles s . instructional technology for spoken language t . speaker / language identification and verification u . human factors and assessment in spoken language applications v . spoken language dialogue and conversation w . gesture and multimodal spoken language processing x . other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ satellite workshops _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the following satellite workshops will be held immediately before or after the icslp 96 conference . 1 . ivtta - the 3rd ieee workshop on interactive voice technology for telecommunications applications ( ivtta ) will be held at the at&t learning center , basking ridge , new jersey , from september 30 - october 1 , 1996 . the ivtta workshop brings together applications researchers planning to conduct or who have recently conducted field trials of new applications of speech technologies . due to workshop facility constraints , attendance will be limited primarily to contributors . for further information about the workshop , contact : dr . murray spiegel bellcore 445 south street morristown , nj , usa e-mail : spiegel @ bellcore . com phone : 1-201 - 829-4519 ; fax : 1-201 - 829-5963 submit abstracts ( 400 words , maximum 1 page ) before april 1 , 1996 to : dr . david roe ieee ivtta ` 96 at&t bell laboratories , room 2d-533 murray hill , nj 07974 e-mail : roe @ hogpb . att . com phone : 908 582-2548 ; fax : 908 582-3306 2 . issd-96 the 1996 international symposium on spoken dialogue ( issd-96 ) will be held on october 2 and 3 at the venue of icslp 96 . it is intended to be a forum of interdisciplinary exchange between researchers working on spoken dialogues from various points of view . the first day is devoted to invited lectures followed by sessions of both invited and contributed papers , which will be continued on the second day as special sessions of icslp 96 . papers submitted to icslp 96 ( technical areas h , l , o , u , &v ) may be selected for presentation at the symposium . for further information about the symposium , contact : prof . hiroya fujisaki , chairman , issd-96 dept . of applied electronics science university of tokyo 2641 yamazaki , noda , 278 japan e-mail : fujisaki @ te . noda . sut . ad . jp phone : + 81-471 - 23-4327 ; fax : + 81-471 - 22-9195 3 . cocosda workshop 96 cocosda workshop 96 will be held on monday , october 7 at the wyndham franklin plaza hotel . the international coordinating committee on speech databases and speech i / o systems assessment ( cocosda ) has been established to promote international cooperation in the fundamental areas of spoken language engineering . previous meetings have taken place in banff 1992 , berlin 1993 , yokohama 1994 and madrid 1995 . program and registration information for cocosda 96 will be forthcoming in later announcements . for more information about cocosda , consult the web page at http : / / www . itl . atr . co . jp / cocosda . 4 . workshop on gesture and speech the applied science and engineering laboratories of the university of delaware will host a workshop on multimodal use of gesture and speech october 7 - 8 , 1996 . this workshop will consider the integration of gesture and spoken language in intelligent human / computer interfaces , in advanced assisitve technology for individuals with disabilities , in telemanipulation and robotics systems , and in human conversation . gestures including hand postures , dynamic arm movements , facial expression , and eye gaze will be considered along with more traditional lip shapes and handwriting movements . for further information , contact : dr . lynn messing a . i . dupont institute p . o . box 269 wilmington , de 19899 e-mail : messing @ asel . udel . edu phone : + 1 302 651 6830 ; fax : + 1-302 - 651-6895 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sponsoring and cooperating organizations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the acoustical society of america american speech and hearing association ( pending ) the acoustical society of japan canadian acoustical association european speech communication association ieee signal processing society international phonetic association others - contact icslp 96 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information , contact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ icslp 96 applied science & engineering laboratories a . i . dupont institute p . o . box 269 wilmington , de 19899 phone : + 1 302 651 6830 tdd : + 1 302 651 6834 fax : + 1 302 651 6895 email : icslp96 @ asel . udel . edu www : http : / / www . asel . udel . edu / speech / icslp . html ftp : zeppo . asel . udel . edu : pub / icslp a two-page postscript format copy of the most recent conference announcement and call for papers can also be obtained by anonyomus ftp . connect to host zeppo . asel . udel . edu , cd to directory pub / icslp96 , and get call . ps . z in binary mode . the file must be uncompressed with a unix compatable uncompress program before being printed . this plain text version of the announcement is located in the same directory as file call . txt _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ international advisory board _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hiroya fujisaki science university of tokyo tokyo , japan jens blauert john ohala ruhr - universitat bochum university of california bochum , germany berkeley , ca , usa anne cutler lawrence rabiner max planck institute for at&t bell labs psycholinguistics murray hill , nj , usa nijmegen , the netherlands gunnar fant katsuhiko shirai royal institute of technology ( kth ) waseda university stockholm , sweden tokyo , japan john laver kenneth stevens humanities research board of massachusetts institute the british academy of technology edinburgh , scotland cambridge , ma , usa joseph mariani yoh ' ichi tohkura limsi-cnrs atr human information orsay , france processing research lab kyoto , japan j . bruce millar victor zue australian national university massachusetts institute canberra , australia of technology cambridge , ma , usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",0
  995,""""Subject: email address for w . dressler
   
   colleagues - we are trying to contact wolfgang dressler of vienna via email . does anyone know his address ( we have not been able to find it on the internet so far ) . thanks ! jb lowe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | john b . lowe , ph . d . | sino - tibetan etymological dictionary and | | department of linguistics | thesaurus project ( stedt ) : 510-643 - 9910 | | university of california | comparative bantu online dictionary | | 2337 dwinelle hall | project ( cbold ) : 510-643 - 5623 | | berkeley , ca 94720-2650 | fax : 510-643 - 9911 | | """""""" tat tvam asi """""""" | home : : 510-848 - 0651 | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  996,""""Subject: query : letter frequencies for text identification
   
   i am posting this inquiry for sergei atamas ( satamas @ umabnet . ab . umd . edu ) , a research associate at the university of maryland at baltimore . his field is molecular biology , and his work involves comparing dna strings using various algorithms . i do n't understand the details well enough to pass them along . at any rate , one such algorithm relies upon frequencies with which the letters g , a , t , and c occur in the dna strings . he would like to explore the analogous use of letter ( sound ) frequencies in natural language texts . hence this posting . specifically , sergei wonders if any linguist subscribers could help steer him to recent literature concerning text identification based on letter frequencies . any suggestions could be sent directly to him at the above address , or to me and i ' ll pass them along . he would also be interested in collaborative work if this research connects with the work of any linguists or text processing specialists . he observes that very often work in one field would actually help work in a far-removed field , if only people knew what was going on over there . george fowler george fowler gfowler @ indiana . edu [ email ] dept . of slavic languages * * 1-317 - 726-1482 [ home ] * * [ try here first ! ] ballantine 502 1-812 - 855-2624 / - 2608 / - 9906 [ dept . ] indiana university 1-812 - 855-2829 [ office ] bloomington , in 47405 usa 1-812 - 855-2107 [ dept . fax ]
  """",0
  997,""""Subject: question on audio samples
   
   i am looking for audio samples of english speech spoken by non-native english speakers for some work in speech processing . i saw the posting by l . hiliman dated 8 / 3 / 95 dealing with english dialects . would anyone have any further suggestion regarding where i could find samples of english spoken with a foreign accent ? i will post responses to this query on the linguist list . thanks , monique fargues ece depart . naval postgraduate school monterey , ca 93943 , usa
  """",0
  998,""""Subject: q : german linguistic terms
   
   does anybody know the german for hissing fricatives alias sibilants vs . hushing fricatives alias shibilants ? and also the term if any for the hissing-hushing fricatives ( like the polish s-acute , z-acute ) which russians call 's vistjashche-shipjashchie ' and georgian sisin-shishina ? alexis manaster ramer
  """",0
  999,""""Subject: query : latin and romance
   
   the following hypothetical question has arisen in connection with what is possibly a real case of the same sort , but in another domain . suppose that latin had only occasionally been written down , and suppose that all latin texts , and indeed all knowledge of latin , had been totally lost long ago , apart perhaps from the odd place name or personal name , now of unknown significance . suppose further that only a single romance language had survived down to the present day - - say , galician , or gascon , or sicilian - - and that this variety had been written down for no more than four centuries and had never acquired any learned words from latin . in fact , to be on the safe side , let 's assume that the entire indo - european family had died out apart from this one romance language . now , suppose that a few fairly substantial latin texts happened to be dug up somewhere , none of them longer than about fifty words , with word-boundaries not systematically marked and the subject matter unknown ; these might have been written down over several centuries , but in no case later than the first century bc . knowing the alphabet , we would be able to read them at the phonological level , at least roughly , but at first the language would be utterly mysterious . so here 's my question . would it be possible for specialists in that last surviving romance language to establish that the recovered texts in fact represented an archaic form of that language , and would they be able to use their knowledge to interpret ( at least in part ) the texts themselves ? if anything turns up , i ' ll summarize the responses and explain what the point of this admittedly curious inquiry is . i ' m sending this query to both the linguist list and the ie list ; my apologies to those who receive it twice . larry trask cogs university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh england larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk
  """",0
  1000,""""Subject: summary : borrowings or replacements of ' ear '
   
   some time i posted a query as to whether the term for ' ear ' is ever borrowed , or at least replaced by a neologism : here is a summary of the responses , for all of which i am very grateful and which i will again acknowledge in print , as the occasion presents ( an earlier summary contained other relevant discussion of the same topic ) : benji wald ( ibenawj @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu ) reports that in bantu the near-universal word for """""""" ear """""""" has the root * to . however , in sabaki ( kenyan coastal bantu , e . g . , swahili , pokomo , miji kenda ) the word is * sikilo ( e . g . , swahil sikio ) . this is based on the root * sikil """""""" hear """""""" ( e . g . swahili sikia ' hear ' ) ; the final - o is a bantu nominaliser . the most widespread bantu word for """""""" hear """""""" is not related to * sikil but has the morpheme * gu . thus in most of bantu the roots for """""""" ear """""""" and """""""" hear """""""" are not related . he also notes that some cushitic languages also derive ' ear ' from ' hear ' , somali deg """""""" ear """""""" deg-eyso """""""" hear """""""" , and suspects that the sabaki bantu construction for """""""" ear """""""" came about through contact , probably from cushitic . * * to this i would add that this also gives an example of replacement within afro - asiatic , of which cushitic is a part , since clearly this word is not related to , for example , the semitic word ( hebrew ozen , etc . ) - - amr * * bruce connell ( connellb @ vax . ox . ac . uk ) reports that , according to wilkins , david ( 1993 ) from part to person : natural tendencies of semantic change and the search for cognates . cognitive anthropology research group , max planck institute for psycholinguistics , working paper no . 23 : a ) semantic shift of ' ear ' to ' head ' is attested in bantu ; languages unspecified , but guthrie ( 1967-71 ) is ultimate source . b ) in dravidian , ' earring ' shifts to ' ear ' ; again languages unspecified , burrow and emaneau ( 1961 ) is ultimate source . i have also independently , i . e . , extra - linguist - ically , found out that laurent sagart argues that bai ( a minority language of china , i believe , whose genetic affiliations are controversial ) borrowed its word for ' ear ' from chinese , but that is not universally accepted . likewise , i have found an article by gregersen which assumes without detailed discussion that the vietnamese word for ' ear ' is borrowed from austronesian ( while this does not appear to be generally accepted either , it presumably at least indicates that the word in question is not a reflex of the mon - khmer prototype , and hence would be a replacement , but i have not yet checked this out ) . finally , i realized what i had been forgetting all along , namely , that many ( or is it all ? ) indo - aryan languages ( from sanskrit on down ) have a word for ' ear ' which is clearly not the indo - european word for ' ear ' , and hence a particularly clear example of a replacement . i thus still do not have an example of ' ear ' being borrowed which could be considered to be established beyond reasonable doubt , and would appreciate any references to such . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = in addition , i omitted the following response from my earlier summary of responses to a more general query about the borrowing of body part terms : h . a . y . wolf @ stud . let . ruu . nl ( henk wolf ) : dutch _ neus _ ( nose ) in west frisian has become an alternative to the native _ noas _ ( see breuker , p . et al ( 1984 ) , foar de taalspegel ; koart oersjoch fan holl ^ anske ynsl ^ upsels yn it frysk , ljouwert : afuk ) .
  """",0
  1001,""""Subject: summary : adpositional uses of ' eye '
   
   in response to my query : > in languages where body part terms become adpositions , does > anybody know of examples where ' eye ' gives rise to some kind of > locative , such as ' on ' or ' in front of ' ? i received several very useful replies , for which many thanks . it transpires that numerous languages indeed do do this . specifics follow : alice faber ( faber @ lenny . haskins . yale . edu ) : biblical hebrew has _ b @ ' ene _ ( @ = schwa , ' = ayin ) , ' in front of ' , literally """""""" in the eyes of """""""" . i ' m not sure how transparent it would have been . . . jose alvarez """""""" pipo """""""" ( jalvar @ conicit . ve or jalvar @ luz . ve ) : in guajiro , an arawakan language spoken by some 300000 people in venezuela and colombia , - ' u is an inalienable noun meaning ' eye ' is also used as as a locative or temporal adposition in : jo ' u siki , lit . ' eye of the fire ' , tr . ' in the fire ' , jo ' u wanee ka ' i , lit . ' eye of one day ' , tr . ' on one day ' ( i omit the numerous other examples generously provided by dr . alvarez from this summary ) . chris culy ( culy @ csli . stanford . edu ) bambara ( mande ) and donno so ( dogon ) are at least close to what you are looking for . they both use """""""" eye """""""" together with a general postposition for """""""" in front of """""""" . some examples ( not in real orthography , but i can provide those as well ) . bambara : adama nye fe ( adama eye with ) ' in front of adama ' donno so : anta giru ne ( anta eye at / to ) ' in front of anta ' gabor gyori ( gyorig @ btk . jpte . hu ) in hungarian we have """""""" szemben """""""" ' opposite ' , e . g . """""""" a hazzal szemben """""""" ' opposite the house ' , where szem = eye + - ben = in ( haz = house + - val [ assimilated to - zal ] = with ) annette herskovits ( hersko @ bambam . wellesley . edu ) , referring , to papers by penelope brown and steve levinson on tzeltal mentions the use of _ sit _ ( ' eye ' ) as a locative but does not recall the specific meaning . willem j . de reuse ( wdereuse @ ccit . arizona . edu ) : in navajo , there is a postpositional stem - naal ( high tone on v , barred l ) meaning ' in the presence of ' , etymologically related to - naa ' ( high tone on v ) ' eye ' . see the young and morgan dictionary ( 1992 ) . also cognates in related languages such as apache . can also be translated as : ' in front of ' clifford l . lutton , jr . ( lexes @ mindspring . com ) suggests that the following english usages might be relevant : out there in the public 's eye reality is in the eye of the beholder out there satellites are keeping an eye on the site with an eye toward litigation with every eye upon him , he then see ghetto life through ghetto eyes [ out there or in ] in my [ mind ' s ] eyes , something is the situation hit america between the eyes in the [ minds ' ] eyes of the arab countries to take pictures or to eyeball [ locate ] it from 500 feet edit @ vms . huji . ac . il mentions a rather different usage , derived from ' eye ' , in modern hebrew : me - ' eyn ( lit . from-eye - of ) means ' a kind of ' . nicholas ostler ( nostler @ chibcha . demon . co . uk ) quotes some old grammars of chibcha / muisca : delante , en presencia . pedro ubana . . . upqua-fihistan . . . aunque el primero dice presencia , el segundo dice vista , y asi dice : m-upqua fihistan zos machiba , ponlo delante de tus ojos , llegalo a tusojos , o , llega la cosa a tus ojos para que la veas ( gonza ' lez de pe ' rez , mari ' a stella . 1987 . ' diccionario y grama ' tica chibcha ' - ms ano ' nimo de la biblioteca nacional de colombia . biblioteca ' ezequiel uricoechea ' 1 . bogota ' : instituto caro y cuervo . p . 230 ) . . . estos tres ultimos se dicen de cosa plana , y de cosa que propiamente no tiene asiento , como el aire ( quesada pacheco , miguel a . 1991 . vocabulario mosco . 1612 . estudios de lingu """""""" i 's tica chibcha , tomo x , 29-100 . editorial de la universidad de costa rica . 38v s . v . sobre : fihista fihistaca fihistana ) """""""" na """""""" or """""""" n """""""" is a postposition of static location """""""" m - """""""" is a 2nd person singular personal prefix there is no explicit plural marking in this language . """""""" uba """""""" means """""""" face """""""" """""""" upqua """""""" means """""""" eye """""""" """""""" fihista """""""" properly means """""""" chest """""""" but is commonly used as part of = a local periphrasis for """""""" on """""""" . finally , monica macaulay ( macaulay @ sage . cc . purdue . edu ) tells me that the 15 mixtec languages she looked at do not have this usage , although it is interesting to see the list of other body part terms so used : face , hand , insides / heart , stomach , back ( of a human ) , back ( of an animal ) / nape , head , mouth , side , chest , foot , buttocks , ear , waist , throat
  """",0
  1002,""""Subject: re : 6 . 1119 , disc : kinship terms , re : 1113
   
   re steven straight 's comments , the brevity of son cannot be the sole factor involved , since dad and mom pattern with father and mother , while son is different ( it is not used as a true vocative but is used as the usually-postposed """""""" bonding """""""" form ) , and brother is different still , since it is not used in either way . moreover , the contrast between the - er terms and the - er-less son directly reflects the proto - indo - european * p @ te : r , * ma : te : r , * bhra : te : r , etc . , but * su : nus ( @ = schwa ) . alexis manaster ramer
  """",0
  1003,""""Subject: re : kinship terms
   
   fwiw , i believe i ' ve heard """""""" bro """""""" in hawai ' ian pidgin in the early ' 70s . i would assume it has an independent origin there . it seemed like to be primarily used to refer to those of one 's own racial / ethnic group ( not necessarily kin ) , but could be extended to include even haoles ( like me ) .
  """",0
  1004,""""Subject: re : 6 . 1110 , disc : kinship terms , re : 1100 , 1108
   
   david silva writes : > in writing about the lack of a single syllable vocative for """""""" brother """""""" ( a la > mom , dad , and sis ) , allan c wechsler notes that perhaps the bve term """""""" bro """""""" is > something to consider . well beyond the domain of black vernacular english , """""""" bro """""""" was certainly current , in fact required , for addressing a brother , either elder or younger ( i have both ) when i was at ' prep ' and ' public ' schools ( i . e . private schools ) in s . e . england in the 1960s . it could also be used attributively , e . g . """""""" my bro says . . . """""""" it felt equivalent to the practice , in respect of all the other boys , of addressing them by their surnames , ( a practice which was also standard at these schools until puberty ) . so it was definitely a form of address acquired outside the family . i have n't heard it , or used it , since . i ' ve never used """""""" sis """""""" to or of my sister ; """""""" sissie """""""" ( cissie ? ) was always been a term used to insult a boy who seemed insufficiently tough : e . g . """""""" oh you cissie ! """""""" apparently my granduncles called my grandmother affectionately """""""" sis ( sie ) """""""" in the 1900s . ( here , though , the situation was complicated by the fact that her given name was christine , which they seemed to think shortened to cis . ) marginal uses , only , it seems . nicholas ostler linguacubun ltd 17 oakley road london n1 3ll + 44-171 - 704-1481 nostler @ chibcha . demon . co . uk
  """",0
  1005,""""Subject: call : field reports / endangered lgs . at lsa ' 96
   
   [ this is a reposted message from the linguistic society of america ( lsa ) 's committee on endangered languages and their preservation . please note that the deadline for submission is * * september 1 , 1995 * * . - - tony woodbury ] call for abstracts field reports / endangered languages lsa annual meeting , san diego , january 4 - 7 , 1996 at last year 's lsa meeting in new orleans , the committee on endangered languages and their preservation presented a two-part organized session titled ' field reports / endangered languages . ' beginning this year , ' field reports / endangered languages ' is listed on the lsa ' abstract submittal form ' as one of the ' primary area [ s ] of linguistics ' addressed by regular submissions to the lsa annual meeting in san diego . if enough abstracts designating this category are accepted , then ' field reports / endangered languages ' may be the title of one or more regular sessions at the meeting . papers in this category are expected to report on the results of recent field work , especially ( but not necessarily ) on languages that are endangered , and to focus on any of the major themes in the work of field linguists . these include : ( a ) the scientific importance of specific field results , including new phenomena or facts ; ( b ) the nature of language endangerment and shift , such as the sociolinguistics of endangered languages communities , the distribution and speaker strength of languages or dialects in a given area , or attitudes toward language death ; ( c ) the ways communities and linguists have responded to these conditions , including language preservation or revitalization efforts ; ( d ) methodological issues , such as dictionary making , natural text representation , survey methods ; and ( e ) ethical issues . abstracts designating this category should indicate briefly the communities and languages involved , the vitality of the language , the nature , goals , and location of the field work , and major prior linguistic documentation ( if any ) . because the society for the study of the indigenous languages of the americas ( ssila ) will meet jointly with the lsa in 1996 , it is hoped that field reports / endangered languages session ( s ) this year will have a complementary focus on languages of africa , eurasia , and oceania , as well as languages of predominantly non - native communities in the americas ( e . g . , sign languages , pidgins / creoles , and varieties of overseas languages ) . accordingly , those with reports on native american languages are encouraged to submit them to ssila if at all possible . the deadline for receipt of abstracts is * sept . 1 , 1995 * . please note that ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ this date is a week and a half earlier than in previous years . like all submissions , these abstracts will be reviewed by the lsa program committee in consultation with outside referees . submission is open to any lsa member . for further details see the _ lsa bulletin _ , no . 146 , december , 1994 , pp . 61-66 . the committee on endangered languages and their preservation considers it vitally important that this new category be supported by a strong complement of abstract submissions from interested lsa members . this is the only way for """""""" field reports / endangered languages """""""" to become an established part of lsa programs in years to come . please direct any questions to tony woodbury ( email : acw @ mail . utexas . edu ; phone : ( 512 ) 471-1701 or ( 512 ) 472-5305 . ) end of message
  """",0
  1006,""""Subject: first israeli seminar on computational linguistics
   
   call for participation first israeli seminar on computational linguistics laboratory of computational linguistics department of computer science technion , haifa february 16 , 1995 the seminar is intended to bring together researchers and practitioners in all areas of computational linguistics ( or natural language processing ) , and also in related areas such as formal linguistics , theoretical linguistics , cognitive science etc . its main objective is exposition of the kind of work that is carried out in both academia and industry in israel in those fields . it is hoped that as a result from such a gathering , more cooperation among different sites will emerge ; resources will be shared ; and the entire field will become more prominent . the seminar will also serve as a means to introduce the area to graduate students who are attracted to it but are unaware of the possibilities of majoring in it . in this first seminar the format of future meetings will be defined . hopefully , it will be the first in a series of periodic gatherings . some speakers will survey various ongoing activities in israel ; some projects will be described in more details . the possibility of creating a more formal organization will be discussed . programme ( tentative ) 13 : 00 - - 13 : 30 coffee 13 : 30 - - 13 : 45 opening remarks 13 : 45 - - 15 : 00 i nissim francez , technion uzzi ornan , technion dani cohen , tovna ltd . 15 : 00 - - 15 : 30 break 15 : 30 - - 16 : 45 ii yaacov choueka , bar ilan university michael elhadad , ben gurion university ido dagan , bar ilan university 16 : 45 - - 17 : 30 discussion for more details please contact : shuly wintner department of computer science , technion 32000 haifa phone : 04-294315 fax : 04-294353 email : shuly @ cs . technion . ac . il
  """",0
  1007,""""Subject: summary : english as isolating lg
   
   in linguist list : vol-6 - 1095 ( aug . 7 , 95 ) , i asked the following question . i ' ve received 3 responses from readers . i want to say thank you very much to alan juffs , steve matthews , and john j mccarthy . here is a summary of them . > > dear collegues , > > sometimes i ' ve heard that english is becoming more the > > isolating language from the inflecting one typologically . > > i would like to know the discussion aboout the phenomena > > or actual evidences to explain this argument . > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - < comment & references from alan juffs ( juffs @ isp . pitt . edu ) > you might look at len talmy 's work ; he considers english to be a satellite framed language . however , there are numerous verbs in english which also 's quash ' a lot of meaning into a root . you might also consider looking at levin and rappaport on unaccusatives and causativity . levin , b . , & rappaport hovav , m . ( 1995 ) . unaccusativity : at the syntax-lexical semantics interface . cambridge , ma : mit press . levin , b . , & rappaport - hovav , m . ( 1994 ) . a preliminary analysis of causative verbs in english . in l . gleitman & b . landau ( eds . ) , the lexicon in acquisition ( pp . 35-80 ) . cambridge , ma : mit press . talmy , l . ( 1985 ) . lexicalization patterns : semantic structure in lexical patterns . in t . shopen ( eds . ) , language typology and syntactic description ( pp . 57-149 ) . cambridge : cambridge university press . talmy , l . ( 1991 ) . path to realization : a typology of event conflation . in proceedings of the berkeley linguistics society , 17 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - < references & comments from steve matthews ( matthews @ hkucc . hku . hk ) > a useful discussion of the loss of inflectional morphology is in the first 2 chapters of john hawkins ' """""""" a comparative typology of english and german """""""" . he describes how english has retained a proper subset of the morphology that german has ( p . 12 ) . although he does n't appeal directly to isolating typology , his points could be taken to illustrate the claim you mention . there is also some useful discussion of morphological types in andrew carstairs - mccarthy 's """""""" current morphology """""""" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - < comments from john j mccarthy ( jmccarthy @ linguist . umass . edu ) > . . . . . . . the reason why english is said to have changed from a more inflecting to a more isolating language is primarily the loss of case marking in nouns ( except for pronouns ) and the loss of person / number marking in verbs ( except for the 3rd person singular present and the verb ' be ' ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  1008,""""Subject: preliminary announcement of jakobson conference in bulgarian
   
   > date : tues , 01 aug 95 13 : 59 : 56 > from : < crudin @ wscgate . wsc . edu > > subject : conference in bulgaria > a slavic linguistics conference in honor of the 100th > anniversary of jakobson 's birth is being organized for next > may , near the end of the month , in bulgaria . > > an official call for papers will be forthcoming eventually > - - in the meantime , all interested slavists are encouraged > to contact iskra likomanova ( iskra @ bgearn . bitnet ) for > further information and a personal invitation . > > ( she was n't specific , but i take it this is under the > auspices of the bulgarsko slavistichno druzhestvo and / or > universitet kliment ohridski in sofia . ) > > thanks , catherine ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ george fowler gfowler @ indiana . edu [ email ] dept . of slavic languages * * 1-317 - 726-1482 [ home ] * * [ try here first ! ] ballantine 502 1-812 - 855-2624 / - 2608 / - 9906 [ dept . ] indiana university 1-812 - 855-2829 [ office ] bloomington , in 47405 usa 1-812 - 855-2107 [ dept . fax ] ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
  """",0
  1009,""""Subject: penn working papers
   
   * * * penn working papers in linguistics volume 2 spring 1995 * * * the university of pennsylvania linguistics club is pleased to announce the publication of volume 2 of the penn working papers in linguistics . articles appearing in volume 2 are : verb movement in kashmiri rajesh bhatt clitics and island effects sabine iatridou adding to the inventory : contemplating anti - perfect marking in french antillean creoles jon f . pressman nominative - accusative syncretism and syntactic case don ringe null subjects in early child english and the theory of economy of projection bernhard rohrbacher and tom roeper the distribution of object clitics in koine greek ann taylor functional projections in finnish non - finite constructions anne vainikka copies of this volume are $ 12 apiece . we also have subscriptions available ( volumes 1 and 2 ) for $ 18 . checks should be made payable to ` ` penn linguistics club ' ' and orders may be sent to the editors at : working papers department of linguistics 619 williams hall university of pennsylvania philadelphia , pa 19104-6305 . the editorial committee roumyana izvorski victoria tredinnick ( working-papers @ ling . upenn . edu )
  """",0
  1010,""""Subject: summary : german terms for sibilant , shibilant , etc .
   
   just the other day i asked if anybody knew the german terms for sibilant , shibilant , and the category of sound which russian , georgian , etc . linguists know as , in effect , 's ibilant-shibilant ' ( of which the polish s-acute , c-acute , and z-acute , orthographically speaking , are examples ) . peter daniels noted that older german works on semitology do not use any special terms . carsten breul reported sibilant and schibilant , and also , for the former , zischlaut ( one wishes it were * zisslaut , but languages are only human ! ) . a source off linguist tells me that a shibilant is also a rauschlaut , although carsten tells me this does not appear to be a widespread usage ( but thinks it sounds very suitable ) . so , zischlaut and rauschlaut it is . but i guess there is still the problem of the remaining category ( which has names in russian and georgian , but not to my knowledge in english , french , or german ) . maybe we should collectively try to come up with something for each of these languages ? alexis manaster ramer
  """",0
  1011,""""Subject: summary : translation of philosophical texts , textual criticism
   
   the following list contains all references i got in the various , although regrettably not too many , responses to my query concerning the application of translational theory to philosophical texts and issues in textual criticism : aland , aland 1987 - kurt aland and barbara aland : the text of the new testament : an introduction to the critical editions and to the theory and practice of modern textual criticism , trans . by erroll f . rhodes . grand rapids , mi : eerdmans publishing co . baker - mona baker : in other words . ( a text for teaching translation , including the teaching of the effect of context and discuourse analysis on translation . ) hewson , martin 1991 - ? hewson , ? martin : redefining translation : the variational approach . routledge . london . iser 1978 - ? iser : the act of reading : a theory of asthetic response . johns hopkins university press ; baltimore . jauss 1982 - ? jauss : toward an asthetic of reception . harvester press ; brighton . mc carter 1986 - p . kyle mccarter : textual criticism : recovering the text of the hebrew bible ( philadelphia : fortress press , 1986 ) metzger 19 ? ? - bruce metzger : the text of the new testament : its transmission , corruption and restoration , oup neubert , shreve 1992 - ? neubert , ? shreve : translation as text . kent state university press . kent , ohio . snell - hornby 1988 - m . snell - hornby : translation studies : an integrated approach . john benjamins ; amsterdam - see esp . pp 13-22 on the illusion of equivalence . west 1973 - martin l . west : textual criticism and editorial technique applicable to greek and latin texts . b . g . teubner , 1973 . further information i gathered : i was told that what i called """""""" textual criticism """""""" is , nowadays , more commonly referred to as """""""" scholarly editing """""""" . another reference brought me to the interpreting ancient manuscripts web at http : / / www . stg . brown . edu / projects / mss / overview . html , which is devoted to new testament textual criticism ( and was very helpful , indeed ) . although i am confident that a thorough reading of at least some of the above-given sources will no doubt broaden my horizon and deepen my understanding immensely , my curiosity about the translation of philosophical texts still remains largely unsatisfied for the moment . to clarify what this curiosity is all about - here is what i consider to be peculiar to and characteristic for the translation of philosophical texts , say , some generalized observation from my specific situation as translating ancient indian and tibetan philosophical texts . - the """""""" temptation of consistency """""""" . once a text is acknowledged as being a philosophical work , it is invariably presupposed that it is consistent , coherent , and thoroughly rational . the author is not supposed to make self-contradictory statements unless some assumptions of the philosophy in question provide an explanation for these . while this presupposition is necessary and adequate to a certain extent , it tends to yield rather questionable results when uncritically combined with the """""""" temptation of evaluation """""""" , or the """""""" temptation of justification """""""" . especially when translating philosophical texts from foreign , """""""" exotic """""""" cultures , the translation does not only present itself as a translation , but also as an argument why the text in question merits translation in the first place . in other words : because of the marginalization of """""""" exotic """""""" philosophy - in the introductory classes of philosophy i got to hear at university , i was still told that there is no philosophy to the east of greece - , a translation has to justify its appearance by justifying that the translated text contributes to a presupposed universal philosophy in a relevant manner . this is highly problematic for various reasons . the specific factor i have in mind , however , is that , when a translator has decided upon translating an """""""" exotic """""""" philosophical text , the value and content of the text are beyond questioning - its philosophical character and quality are presupposed to an extent which can severely damage and undermine the very project of translation . """""""" mistakes """""""" which the author made ( statements which would render the text less valuable for comparative philosophy ) are tacitly """""""" corrected """""""" ( read : deleted ) , terminology is adjusted etc . - this phenomenon itself is grounded in the personal union of translator and historician , translator and interpreter , translator and commentator . while a translation of a novel can be done by one person , who is a translator in a more technical sense , and can be thoroughly researched in its historical impact by somebody else , who is a literature-historian , this is not only uncommon in the field of comparative philosophy ( or the study of other cultures ' philosophies ) , but also hardly feasible - for in most cases , even the philological constitution of the texts in question has to be informed by the interpretation . this results in a quite difficult ( and peculiar ) position of translation in the whole hermeneutical process - in most cases , the translation will serve as a """""""" second-language """""""" - commentary to the translated texts , not presenting an otherwise inaccessible philosophical text in its own right to those who do not understand the source-language , but a ) justifying the constitution of the text , b ) clarifying the interpretation on part of the translator and c ) ( see above ) justifying the project of translation for those who not only do understand the source-language , but who are already basically familiar with the historical and philosophical environment . in this context , translation loses much of its """""""" mediating """""""" function between two languages , but becomes a tool of explanation , which , in some contexts , can even be dismissed with ( i have seen and heard many specialists in indian philosophy whose explanations are basically made up of sanskrit terms , only vaguely connected by english copula ) . while this can naturally be explained on account of different target audiences ( translations for specialists will be different from translations for non-specialists ) , i find that this different function of translation is not recognized within the """""""" specialists ' """""""" group at all . in other words : criteria which would apply to judging a translation in a broader context ( e . g . a translation of a novel ) are applied to translations which are carried out in this specific context , without even considering a possible difference in the pragmatic environment . i would thoroughly appreciate any opinions on this , birgit kellner institute for indian philosophy university of hiroshima
  """",0
  1012,""""Subject: linguistic impact of the internet
   
   i am very interested in studying the linguistic impact of the internet . however , i have not been able to locate a phd program or professor that shares my interest . i have also found it difficult to locate any published materials on the topic ( besides the occasional ny times article ) . i ' m hoping for some direction . bill miller br00293 @ bingsuns . cc . binghamton . edu
  """",0
  1013,""""Subject: phoneme bigrams
   
   i am new to this list so i would like to say hello . i am working on speech comprehension in the psychology dept at york university . specifically i am looking at prosody and word boundary detection . i have a request . does anyone know where i can get a list of phoneme bigram ( and trigram possibly ) frequencies in english . all the counts that i have found are for letter bigrams not phonemes . can you help ? thanks very much , andy lloyd andy lloyd tel : 0904 433159 psychology department fax : 0904 433181 university of york york yo1 5dd email : ajl100 @ tower . york . ac . uk
  """",0
  1014,""""Subject: english parser / tagger
   
   i ' m looking for a good lemmatizer for english and / or a lemmatized corpus . any hints ? thanks in advance . marc
  """",0
  1015,""""Subject: summary of sociolinguistics course syllabi
   
   dear subscribers , a shamefully long while back , i posted a request for syllabi for sociolinguistics courses . here , finally , is a summary of what i received . thanks to kate remlinger , ellen l . contini - morava , and ronald cosper for their responses , and apologies to everyone for the tardiness of this posting . best , seth minkoff seth @ mit . edu _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you might find the collection of syllabi published by coswl ( the committee on the status of women in linguistics ) helpful . i am not sure how to obtain a copy . the lsa secretariat might be able to help . kathryn remlinger karemlin @ mtu . edu department of humanities michigan technological uuniversity 1400 townsend drive houghton , mi 49931 ( 906 ) 487-3274 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hello , here 's a syllabus for a course i do at the univ . of virginia . it 's aimed at mid-level undergraduates , mostly but not all anthropology majors , and usually students who have no previous linguistics courses , averages about 60-70 students . i would have sent the one from last spring but could n't find the file ( my hard drive got eaten recently ) . there is one change that will probably be permanent : instead of trudgill 's textbook i ' ve substituted nancy bonvillain , language , culture , and communication , prentice hall 1993 . it 's more anthropologically oriented than trudgill , who is of the labovian - sociological school ; also bonvillain includes some rudimentary linguistics , useful for those who have n't had any . here it is . hope it 's not too late to be useful . with best regards , ellen contini - morava anthropology 341 / 741 introduction to sociolinguistics spring 1993 instructor : ellen contini - morava books ( all required reading ) : deborah tannen , you just do n't understand : women and men in conversation . ballantine books , 1990 . peter trudgill , sociolinguistics . penguin , 1983 . [ textbook ] martha coonfield ward , them children : a study in language learning . university press of america , 1971 . in addition to the above books , required readings will include a packet of xeroxed articles available at inprint on elliewood avenue . note : one copy of each book , and one copy of the xeroxed packet , will be placed on reserve in clemons library . requirements : a mid-term and a final , both open-book , take-home essay question exams , and a field project , whose topic and methodology should be discussed with me before spring break . the exams and the field project will each count for one third of the final grade . [ 741 students will write a research paper , approximately 20 pages in length , in addition to the above requirements . the field project may be incorporated into the paper , and the paper will count for one half of the final grade . ] course description : the field of sociolinguistics deals with ways in which language serves to define and maintain group identity and social relationships among speakers . particular topics to be covered in this course include : i . regional and social variation in language . how language reflects and maintains social stratification . the consequences of social attitudes toward linguistic features and the speakers associated with them . standard and non-standard dialects . ii . language and ethnicity . language as a marker of ethnic identity . controversies over """""""" black english """""""" : linguistic definition , social functions , history . problems in interethnic communication . language and ethnic diversity in the classroom . iii . language , sex and gender . do men and women speak different """""""" languages """""""" ? what verbal and non-verbal features mark the sex of a speaker ? gender and communicative style . representations of gender in advertising . sexism and sex-stereotyping in language . iv . language and social context . formal and informal speech styles : linguistic and social definitions . reciprocal and non-reciprocal forms of address . diglossia and bilingualism . the relation between means of expression and social meaning . language , power , and solidarity . v . languages in contact . pidgin and creole languages : structure , origins and social functions . political and social factors affecting language choice in multilingual or developing nations ( including ours ) . the fate of minority languages in this and other countries . vi . applied sociolinguistics . language planning : intervention in language change . multilingualism and education . how language affects health care . language in the courtroom . language and mass media : the linguistic representation of """""""" news """""""" . syllabus jan . 16 preface . 1 / 21 introduction . trudgill ch . 1 wolfram , walt , """""""" varieties of american english """""""" . from c . a . ferguson and s . b . heath ( eds . ) language in the usa . cambridge university press 1981 . 1 / 23 language and social attitudes . labov , william , """""""" general attitudes toward the speech of new york city . """""""" from r . w . bailey and j . l . robinson ( eds . ) , varieties of present-day english . macmillan , 1972 . underwood , gary , """""""" how you sound to an arkansawyer """""""" . american speech 49 . 3 / 4 : 208-216 ( 1974 ) . 1 / 28 language and social class . trudgill ch . 2 labov , william , """""""" the logic of non-standard english """""""" . georgetown monographs in languages and linguistics no . 22 ( 1969 ) . 1 / 30 language and ethnicity . trudgill ch . 3 spears , a . """""""" black american english """""""" in jonetta cole ( ed . ) anthropology for the nineties . new york : free press 1988 . stanback , m . """""""" language and black woman 's place : evidence from the black middle class """""""" . from p . treichler , c . kramarae , b . stafford ( eds . ) for alma mater : theory and practice in feminist scholarship . univ . of illinois press , 1985 . feb . 4 ethnicity and communicative style . mitchell - kernan , claudia , """""""" signifying , loud-talking and marking """""""" . from kochman , t . ( ed . ) rappin ' and stylin ' out : communication in urban black america . univ . of illinois press , 1972 . schiffrin , deborah , """""""" jewish argument as sociability """""""" . language in society 13 : 311-335 , 1984 . 2 / 6 language , ethnicity and the classroom . smitherman , geneva , """""""" where do we go from here ? t . c . b . ! """""""" from talkin and testifyin : the language of black america . boston : houghton mifflin 1977 . philips , susan u . """""""" participant structures and communicative competence : warm springs children in community and classroom . """""""" from c . cazden , v . john and d . hymes ( eds . ) , functions of language in the classroom . new york : teachers college press , 1972 . 2 / 11 - 2 / 13 ethnicity , social class , and language learning . ward , them children ( textbook ) . 2 / 18 - 2 / 20 language and gender . trudgill ch . 4 tannen , you just do n't understand ( textbook ) . 2 / 25 language and gender : cross-cultural perspectives . keesing , r . """""""" kwaio women speak : the micropolitics of autobiography in a solomon island society """""""" . american anthropologist 87 . 1 ( 1985 ) pp . 27-39 . keenan , elinor ochs , """""""" norm - makers , norm-breakers : uses of speech by men and women in a malagasy community """""""" . in r . bauman and j . sherzer ( eds . ) explorations in the ethnography of speaking . cambridge university press , 1974 . 2 / 27 sexism and sex-stereotyping in language . schulz , m . """""""" the semantic derogation of woman """""""" . in b . thorne and n . henley ( eds . ) language and sex : difference and dominance . rowley , ma : newbury house , 1975 satire , w . ( alias w . hofstadter ) , """""""" a person paper on purity in language """""""" . metamagical themas . new york : basic books 1985 . take-home midterm handed out . due by 12 : 30 pm tuesday , march 3 . ground rules for the exam : this is an open-book test , so texts and lecture notes may be consulted in preparing the answers , but the test may not be discussed with anyone . the test must be pledged , and returned to me at the beginning of class . tests returned later than the deadline , left in my mailbox , under my door , on car windshield etc . will not be accepted ( i . e . will receive a grade of f ) . no time extensions except in ( documented ) cases of emergency , and only with permission from me in person . leaving a message on my answering machine , office door , or with the department secretary does not guarantee that an extension will be granted . mar . 3 language and social context , overview . trudgill ch . 5 . take home midterm due at beginning of class . 3 / 5 language and social context : theoretical perspectives . hymes , dell , """""""" models of the interaction of language and social life . """""""" from j . j . gumperz and d . hymes ( eds . ) directions in sociolinguistics . holt , rinehart and winston , 1972 . 3 / 10 language / context : forms of address . e . bates and l . benigni , """""""" rules of address in italy : a sociological survey """""""" . language in society 4 . 3 ( 1975 ) , pp . 271-288 . field project proposals due 3 / 12 language / context : choice of code . ferguson , charles , """""""" sports announcer talk """""""" . language in society 12 : 153-172 , 1983 . abu - lughod , l . """""""" honor and the sentiments of loss in a bedouin society """""""" . american ethnologist 12 . 2 ( 1985 ) . 3 / 17 - 3 / 19 spring break 3 / 24 language / context : silence . basso , keith , """""""" to give up on words : silence in western apache culture """""""" . southwestern journal of anthropology 26 : 213-30 , 1970 . sansom , b . """""""" the sick who do not speak . """""""" in d . parkin ( ed . ) , semantic anthropology . academic press 1983 . 3 / 26 language / context : social norms . goffman , erving , """""""" the lecture """""""" . from forms of talk . university of pennsylvania press 1981 . 3 / 31 theoretical perspectives ii . trudgill ch . 6 . bernstein , basil , """""""" a sociolinguistic approach to socialization . """""""" from j . j . gumperz and d . hymes ( eds . ) directions in sociolinguistics . holt , rinehart and winston , 1972 . apr . 2 languages in contact : bilingualism and multilingualism . heller , monica , """""""" bonjour , hello ? negotiations of language choice in montreal . """""""" in gumperz , j . ( ed . ) communication , language and social identity . cambridge university press , 1982 . mkilifi , m . h . a . """""""" triglossia and swahili - english bilingualism in tanzania . """""""" language in society 1 : 197-213 , 1972 . 4 / 7 languages in contact : pidgins and creoles . trudgill ch . 8 . crowley , t . and b . rigsby , """""""" cape york creole """""""" . in t . shopen ( ed . ) , languages and their status . univ . of pennsylvania press , 1987 . 4 / 9 pidgins and creoles ( cont . ) stewart , w . """""""" creole languages in the caribbean """""""" . from rice , f . a . ( ed . ) study of the role of second languages in asia , africa , and latin america . washington , dc : center for applied linguistics , 1962 . sistren with honor ford smith , """""""" ole massa and me """""""" . from lionheart gal . sister vision , black women and women of colour press , box 217 , station e , toronto , ontario , m6h 4e2 , canada . 4 / 14 language dominance : native and immigrant languages in the us . darnell , r . """""""" the language of power in cree interethnic communication . """""""" from wolfson , n . and j . manes ( eds . ) , language of inequality . berlin : mouton de gruyter , 1985 . fishman , j . """""""" the lively life of a 'd ead ' language ( or ' everyone knows that yiddish died long ago ' ) """""""" . from wolfson and manes ( see preceding for full reference ) . 4 / 16 applied sociolinguistics : language planning . trudgill ch . 7 . ferguson , charles , """""""" on sociolinguistically oriented language surveys . """""""" from s . ohannessian , c . ferguson and e . polom ( eds . ) , language surveys in developing nations . washington , dc : center for applied linguistics , 1975 . 4 / 21 applied sociolinguistics : language and inequality . walker , a . g . h . , """""""" applied sociology of language : vernacular languages and education . """""""" in p . trudgill ( ed . ) applied sociolinguistics . london ; orlando : academic , 1984 . fisher , s . and a . todd , """""""" friendly persuasion : negotiating decisions to use oral contraceptives """""""" . in fisher and todd ( eds . ) discouse and institutional authority : medicine , education , and law . norwood , nj : ablex 1986 . 4 / 23 language and inequality ( cont . ) : the courts , the media . o'barr , w . """""""" speech styles in the courtroom """""""" . from linguistic evidence : language , power , and strategy in the courtroom . academic press , 1982 . van dijk , teun , """""""" mediating racism : the role of the media in the reproduction of racism . """""""" in ruth wodak ( ed . ) language , power , and ideology . john benjamins , 1989 . 4 / 28 review , discussion , oral reports . field projects due . ( same policy applies as for midterm , see 2 / 27 . ) final exam handed out . due by 5 pm wednesday , may 6 . return to secretary in anthropology department office , 303 brooks hall . in other respects same policy applies as for midterm , see 2 / 27 . =
  """",0
  1016,""""Subject: eskimo snow and scottish rain
   
   i do n't know about eskimo words for snow , but scottish gaelic has a special word """""""" turadh """""""" for when it stops raining ! compare : tha an t-uisge ann . is the water in it """""""" it is raining """""""" tha an turadh ann . is the dry-spell in it """""""" it has stopped raining . """""""" also : rinn e turadh san fheasgar . made it a dry-spell in the afternoon """""""" it stopped raining ( for a while ) in the afternoon . kevin donnelly
  """",0
  1017,""""Subject: re : 5 . 1470 open letter to _ language _
   
   dear colleagues . i also wish to request at least a review of the work * opyt sravnenija nostraticheskix jazykov * of the late v . m . illich - svitych . right now there are folks very much interested in the idea of * nostratic hypothesis * . i am one of those . dr . jacob caflisch , sr . theoretical linguistics & slavics sometime director , polish program univ . of south florida tampa 33620 .
  """",0
  1018,""""Subject: re : 6 . 100 sum : ipa history & haceks ,
   
   stemberger suggests that north american linguists who use haceks are following a tradition which is just as international as that of the international phonetic association , which he labels a western european organization . even a cursory glance at the ipa membership list would have shown him that the ipa is an international body , with many north american members . it is governed by an elected council , with over half the members coming from outside western europe , several of the council being from the united states , others from eastern europe ( poland and russia ) , and others from china , japan , australia , finland , south africa , and nigeria . it is the north american linguists who use diverse symbols who are not following truly international conventions . having said that , let me say that i happen to agree with him that it would be appropriate to use haceks for palato-alveolar sounds . the hacek would then be a diacritic marking a natural class of sounds . i proposed this at the 1989 kiel convention of the ipa , but i was voted down by my more conservative colleagues , who consider it important to keep the ipa as stable as possible . i see their point of view , but prefer mine . nevertheless there is no point in having democratically approved international standards unless one keeps to them , so i will reluctantly avoid haceks . peter ladefoged
  """",0
  1019,""""Subject: call for papers - - - jengl
   
   call for papers journal of english linguistics one of the few linguistics journals dedicated to presenting primarily empirical work , the journal of english linguistics is now being published by sage periodicals press , a leading international publisher of scholarly books and journals in the social sciences . the editors , william a . kretzschmar , jr . , and charles f . meyer , continue to invite submissions on the modern and historical periods of the english language . the journal of english linguistics normally prints synchronic and diachronic studies on subjects from old and middle english , to modern english grammar , corpus linguistics , and dialectology . other topics , for example , from language contact , to pidgins / creoles , or stylistics are acceptable if the article keeps its focus on the english language . articles normally range from 10 to 25 pages in typescript ( up to about 50kb on disk ) . submission to the journal of english linguistics implies that your article has n't been simultaneously submitted to other journals or previously published elsewhere . as a new feature beginning with the first sage issue , volume 24 , the journal of english linguistics will publish special issues ( monographs or topical collections of articles appropriate to the journal that are up to approximately 100 printed pages ) . these special issues should treat methodology or present results of model studies . all methodological issues should be fully illustrated with particular examples from empirical research , and should present documentation complete enough for readers themselves to use the methods described . model studies should fully describe data acquisition and analysis , as well as present detailed results and conclusions . proposals for special issues of the journal of english linguistics should be sent to the editor . the journal will continue to review titles in general and historical linguistics , language variation , sociolinguistics , and dialectology for an international audience . unsolicited reviews cannot be considered . books for review and correspondence regarding reviews should be sent to the editor . all submissions should be prepared according to the chicago manual of style , 14th ed . submissions are juried . send all mss to the editor : provide a textfile produced by any common ibm - compatible word processor , on diskette or via electronic mail ( mac users should submit a pure ascii file ) , plus two copies of a formatted printout . all other editorial correspondence should be addressed to the editor . william a . kretzschmar , jr . editor , journal of english linguistics university of georgia , athens , ga 30602-6205 tel : ( 706 ) 542-2246 email : billk @ atlas . uga . edu
  """",0
  1020,""""Subject: sum : v - initial languages
   
   several weeks ago i posted a query in connection with the exceedingly frequent vowel-initial lexical items of basque , in which perhaps 50 % of native nouns and adjectives are v - initial ( i exclude verbs , since ancient verbs almost invariably show a prefix * / e - / in their non-finite forms . ) i asked whether other languages ( apart from the initial-dropping languages of australia ) show a comparable frequency of initial vowels and , if so , whether a historical explanation is known . i was particularly interested in hearing about possible cases of the lenition and loss of initial voiceless plosives , an explanation proposed for an ancient stage of basque by andre ' martinet . one respondent queried whether there was adequate statistical evidence to assert that the basque case is indeed unusual . i know of no such evidence , and indeed one of my purposes was to try to find out whether basque is really as unusual as is commonly believed by vasconists . the following languages were cited in the responses . polynesian : the proto - austronesian consonant system has undergone considerable attrition in the polynesian languages , which today exhibit between eight and twelve consonants apiece . in hawaiian , in which proto - polynesian * / h / and * / ? / have been categorically lost , v - initial words appear to be rather common . but i could not find any explicit discussion of this , and my impression of such hawaiian texts as i could find is that the proportion of v - initial words probably does not approach 40 % , though i am ready to be corrected on this . niger-congo : initial vowels are frequent in a number of west african languages which are not closely related ; the initial vowels generally appear to be of morphological origin . there is uncertainty as to whether the vowels are fossilized noun-class prefixes ( the most popular explanation ) or the residue of derivational processes , such as for making agentive nouns out of verbs . in the cross river languages of nigeria , most nouns are v - initial ; in some of these languages , virtually all nouns are . here it seems clear that the initial vs are fossilizations of ancient noun-class prefixes , in most cases derived from original cv - prefixes by loss of the c . in at least some of these languages , most verb forms are also v - initial , but only because the presence of fully functional agreement markers . benue - congo languages generally lack a distinct class of adjectives . in some benue - congo languages , and especially in some bantu languages , cv - prefixes have instead been augmented for morphological reasons to yield vcv - prefixes , again producing frequent initial vowels . ancient noun-class prefixes appear to be recoverable to varying extents in many niger - congo languages , especially in bantu . importantly , the original semantic values of the prefixes can often be determined , though this is not always the case . the kwa language ( bini ) edo is unusual in that every single noun must begin with a vowel , so that even c - initial loans from english have vowels prefixed , apparently purely for morpheme-structure reasons . yoruba is noteworthy in that it has around 45 % of v - initial words , even though four of its ten vowels cannot appear initially . catalan : a rough estimate suggests that catalan words are about 32 % v - initial , rather more than one might expect in a language with 7 vowels and 22 consonants , and more , i suspect , than are typically found in romance languages . i know of no particular reason for this . arawan ( amazonia ) : many of these languages have frequent v - initial words . it is suggested ( but not established ) that these derive from the loss of initial glottals . in at least some of these languages , v - initial words differ from c - initial words in that the first group may never bear stress on the first syllable . berber : masculine - gender nouns regularly take a prefix / a - / , while feminine nouns take / ta - / . muskogean : these have vc - prefixes on v - initial words but cv - prefixes on c - initial words . it is not clear to me what this means overall . siouxan : these seem to have undergone heavy reduction of initials , not entirely unlike the australian initial-dropping languages , but the results have been complex . siouxan languages particularly show the lenition of initial / p [ h ] / > / f / > / h / , and possibly also some cases of / t [ h ] / > / h / . germanic : the change / k [ h ] / > / x / > / h / is well attested here , but not , as a rule , exclusively in word-initial position ( though sometimes in syllable-initial position ) . lenition of voiceless plosives generally is widespread in germanic . on the basis of this admittedly unscientific sample , i would therefore suggest the following conclusions : ( 1 ) languages in which 40 % or more of nouns are v - initial are not exceedingly rare , but they do not appear to be at all common . the majority of the examples come from niger - congo . ( 2 ) in niger - congo , the initial vowels derive chiefly from morphological sources , probably entirely so apart from the reduction of cv - prefixes to v - in some languages . fossilized noun-class prefixes appear to be the most widely accepted origin in most cases , and such prefixes appear to be certain in some cases , in which the semantic value of the prefixes is still recoverable . but other morphological processes may be responsible in some other cases . ( 3 ) outside of niger - congo , there appears to be little evidence of morphological origins for initial vowels , and loss of initial consonants is more usually invoked . the consonants invoked are , unsurprisingly , more likely to be glottals than oral obstruents . ( 4 ) except perhaps in siouxan , there is little or no evidence for the systematic loss of initial voiceless plosives . so what happened in basque ? i still do n't know . the american long-ranger john bengtson has for years been defending the """""""" fossilized noun-class prefix """""""" view of the basque initial vowels , for reasons of his own , but there seems to be no trace of any semantic correlations with the initial vowels , and in fact the frequency of each of the five basque vowels appears to be about the same initially as elsewhere : a > e > i > o > u . my money is therefore still on the systematic loss of certain initial consonants , but i ' ll be very surprised if i ever have to pay out or get to collect . my thanks to maile rehbock , bruce connell , max wheeler , dan everett , john koontz , david stampe , mark liberman , herbert stahlke , and andrew carstairs - mccarthy for their helpful responses . larry trask cogs university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh england larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk
  """",0
  1021,""""Subject: currency names - summary
   
   months ago i sent a question out on the linguist list about some currency names . i got a number of responses , but being both lazy and busy , it has taken me much too long to send out a summary . but now , for those who have - - maybe - - been waiting for it , here it comes . i will not say anything about the scientific value of it , but interesting is it ( it might e . g . be , that all the """""""" r . . . l """""""" words are """""""" after f [ rench ] ( and sp [ anish ] ) models and are indeed cognate with royal """""""" , and the rupee and the rubl are not related to either the """""""" r . . . l """""""" words or each other at all ) . - - i have somewhat shortened the responses , where necessary . veturlidi oskarsson veturosk @ ismal . hi . is - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the request as it was sent on march 27 , 1995 : > does anybody know the etymology of the following currency names : > rial ( iran , oman , north yemen ) > riyal ( saudi arabia , quatar ) > riel ( cambodia ) > real ( brazil ) > and maybe other similar names beginning with ri / re end ending with l ? > would it be possible that those names are of the same ( ie . ) origin , > originally refering to kingdom e . t . c . ( cf . regal ) ? > ( what about the russian _ rubel _ , and the _ rupee _ in india e . t . c . ? ) > it would , in fact , not have to be that strange to have a currency name > of the same origin in countries as far away from each other as brazil > and cambodia , as currency names do not seem to > follow any """""""" national """""""" > rules . > cf . the name _ dollar _ ( in use in almost 60 countries ( comes originally > from the german _ thaler _ , but has supposedly spread out under the > influence of usd ) ) , and the many variations of the word """""""" crown """""""" > ( icelandic kr / ona , danish krone , estonian kroon , czechish korun e . t . c ) , > and _ dinar _ in various ( arabic ) countries . > veturlidi oskarsson > icelandic language institute reykjavik , iceland > e-mail : veturosk @ ismal . hi . is 1 . response : """""""" real """""""" ( brazil ) is certainly from latin , meaning """""""" the king 's money """""""" . i would bet the other r . . . l words are unrelated , although i can't give etymologies for them . - - note that """""""" dinar """""""" is actually of latin origin ( denarius ) , via greek . john cowan 2 . response : spanish and portuguese """""""" real """""""" mean """""""" royal """""""" ( the king 's currency ) . i have no idea whether this got picked up into arabic and cambodian as """""""" riyal """""""" etc . - - sanskrit """""""" rupaya """""""" ( """""""" rupee """""""" ) is different although at the moment i can't recall what it means . michael a . covington the university of georgia , usa 3 . response : the czech currency unit ( """""""" crown """""""" in english ) is called """""""" koruna """""""" in the nominative singular . the form you gave , """""""" korun """""""" , with a long / u / is the genetive plural form , which has a zero ending and is used with numbers over 5 . therefore you get """""""" 1 koruna """""""" , """""""" 2 koruny """""""" , but """""""" 5 korun """""""" . the german word """""""" thaler """""""" ( whence """""""" dollar """""""" ) comes from an earlier word """""""" joachimsthaler """""""" , which designated a coin minted from the high-quality silver mined during the middle ages at the town of joachimsthal ( """""""" thal """""""" = valley ) , which now bears the czech name jachimov . jachimov is in the west bohemian region of the czech republic . james kirchner 4 . response : the russian word * rubl ' * is not related to * real * , * rial * , etc . the word is an old past passive participle ( """""""" l-participle """""""" ) of the verb * rubit ' * ' to chop . ' gold ingots were originally * chopped * into small ( eventually , circular ) pieces and used as coins . in contemporary russian , the past passive participle of this verb is * rublennyj * ( e . g . , * rublennoe mjaso * ' chopped meat ' ) . gary h . toops wichita state university 5 . response : """""""" real """""""" in portuguese / spanish is cognate with """""""" royal """""""" and """""""" regal . """""""" my hunch is because it was currency backed by the crown , but it 's a hunch . it would be interesting to be able to do something like prove that the spanish / portuguese used the term ' real , ' which was picked up by the moors and carried with islamic invaders into se asia . also difficult . the russian """""""" rubl ' """""""" is a bit more than a hunch - - it derives from the word for """""""" cut """""""" : rubit ' ' to cut ' , and other words . check out fasmer 's ( vasmer 's ) etymological dictionary , available in german or russian . i was told by a slavic professor that this is cognate to """""""" rupee , """""""" but the guy was going around the bend and could easily be wrong on that point . t . beasley ucla 6 . response : the rial words are all originally """""""" after f [ rench ] ( and sp [ anish ] ) models """""""" and are indeed cognate with royal . in england a gold coin of this name was issued in 1465 , and there were french , spanish and scottish coins of the same name over the 15 and 16c . the name seems to have travelled with the maritime empires . dollar also has a complicated history . starting as the english version of thaler ( a coin of the german states ) it then was used for the large spanish coin ( worth 8 reales ) of spain . because of the importance of the spanish maritime influence and of its currency , the term became very widespread and was used ( even in parts of the british empire , such as the straits settlements - - we still use dollars here in singapore ) in many places , including in the us . you cannot assume that the use of dollar is a sign of american influence . rupee is different , coming from a sanskrit word for silver , it is of indian origin . anthea fraser national university of singapore 7 . response : according to vasmer 's etymological dictionary of russian , rubl ' ( gen . sg . rublj ' a ( stress on ending ) ) shares a root with the verb rubit ' ' hack ' and meant ' hacked off piece of a grivna ( larger unit of currency ) ' . gladney 8 . response : russian rubl ' is not related to rial / real . it comes from a root meaning ' cut ' . the origin of the term is from silver bars from which sections were clipped off ( otrubit ' in russian ) and used as currency . i remember visiting a church in moscow dedicated to the ' cut-off head of john the baptist ' ( otrublennoj golove ioanna predtechy ) . btw kopejka ( 1 \ 100 of a rubl ' ) means 's mall spear / lance ' and comes from the depiction of st . george killing the dragon which was the symbol printed on it . the russian word for money - 'd en ' gi ' - is of turkic origin and is one of several in the russian language coming from a turkic root meaning 's tamp ' . incidentally , i ' m pleased to see that the slovenian currency is the toler - one more from dollar . geraint jennings 9 . response : panamanians use the term real for a 5 centavo piece . it was interesting to me because the currency is in balboas & centavos , but , as with american money , this coin had its own name . as far as i know , it was the only coin that had its own name ( i lived there for 11 years ) . it was also a type of test in the marketplace to determine who was """""""" local """""""" & who was n't . when the price quoted to me was """""""" 2 reales """""""" & i pulled out the exact change , they knew i was n't a tourist ! the word real means royal in spanish , but i do n't know why the 5 centavo piece would be called such . caroline l . steele university of hawaii 10 . response : according to klein ' s comprehensive etymological dictionary of the english language , * rial * , * riyal * are from spanish * real * ( < latin regalem ) to which portuguese * real * is obviously related . i have no info on * riel * . the russian * ruble * and indian * rupee * are not related to the above nor to each other . they both come from indigenous words . marc picard 11 . response : according to the macmillan dictionary of measurement , the first real ( ` royal ' ) was a small silver coin issued by the spanish royal mint . rupya ( > rupee ) is an ancient indian word for ` ( metal made into ) coinage ' , and ruble may be related . dinar comes from latin denarius , a coin worth ten asses ( a word related to ace ) . anton sherwood 12 . response : . . . """""""" real """""""" was also the name of a old gold or silver coin in the kingdoms of castile , portugal and aragon ( later in spanish america ) . the first dated ' real ' was coined in castile in the middle of the 14th century . they were called ' real ' because they were coined by the crown , in opposition to local coins coined by bishops , counts and noblemen . according to my sources of information ( enciclopedia larousse - spanish version ) , there were ' reals ' in france too . in the 14th century , the iberian peninsula was divided in several territories : three christian kingdoms : castile , aragon and portugal , and a lot of small moorish kingdoms ( called ' taifas ' ) . it is not unlikely , thus , that the name for the ' real ' had been taken in arabic as ' riyal ' . one curiosity : in contemporary spanish , the sentence ' no tengo un real ' ( literally : i have not a real ) means ' i have not a dime ' ( the same in catalan : no tinc un ral ' ) . j . carlos ruiz universitat jaume i castells 13 . response : in the case of brazil 's real , the currency is named after an old currency which was always referred to in the plural as ' reis ' and ' mirreis ' ( thousands ) . ' real ' means ' royal ' , and so does ' reis ' , i suppose . tony berber sardinha university of liverpool 14 . response : ( translated from icelandic : ) the russian word rubl is in no way related to the """""""" r . . . l """""""" currencies . in russian the word is _ rubl ' _ ( ' = palatalization ) , and comes from the verb _ rubit ' _ ' chop , hew ' . the explanation is , as far as i know , that the coin was minted by punching it from a metal plate with a special puncher or stamping iron . the """""""" l """""""" is not a suffix , as one could expect , but come from * bj , * mj etc . ( labial cons . + j ) , that changed to * bl ' , * ml ' etc . in proto slavic . so , it is ie . * roubh-jo - s , or something like that , that lies behind the rubl . i do n't know about the arabian word _ ri ( y ) al _ ( which i suspect to have a long a : ) . it could very well be of semitic origin , both the number and and type of root consonants ( r-y - l ) , and """""""" cv - type """""""" ( cvcvvc , cf . kita : b ' book ' ) could support that . gunnar ol . hansson 15 . response : hinds and badawi 's dict . of egyptian arabic ( 1986 ) indicates that riyaal , twenty piastres or a twenty-piastre piece , derives from spanish real . kirk belnap brigham young university 16 . response : as far as i , as a layperson , know , the word """""""" real """""""" in continental spanish was in fact in use until the begining of the 20th century ( my grandmothers used it , as well as my father , in everyday speech ) . i am not sure what portion of a peseta this amount was ( whether it was a portion of a cent or viceversa , i could ask if you want to know ) . i suspect that , at least the word real in portuguese ( or brazilian ) comes from the spanish one , and as you know , the spanish ' real ' means of course ' royal ' . nuria lopez ortega cornell university - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - thank you all . veturlidi oskarsson
  """",0
  1022,""""Subject: question : norwegian
   
   to : linguist @ tamv1 . tamu . edu date sent : mon , 21 aug 1995 15 : 38 : 50 dear linguists , could someone help me to find examples representing the difference between the two official standard languages in norway ( nynorsk and bokmal ) . all the textbooks at our library are for bokmal only and i would like to understand the differences and similarities between the two languages . maybe someone could just translate the following sentences into nynorsk : jeg trodde han spilte fiolin . jeg sa en som hang pa veggen . thank you very much for your help ana deumert department of linguistics university of cape town south africa
  """",0
  1023,""""Subject: info request
   
   i have been requested my neighbor to see if you can help out on this problem . her father is in the late stages of parkinson 's and is unable to speak . he has been using a spelling board but it has gotten incredibly difficult to work with him because he cannot use shorthand and he cannot recognize when you guess a word that he has been spelling or even when someone tries to complete his sentence . the end result is that he has to spell out every single word of a sentence . she wants to put a list of commonly used words together on his spell board . is there a way to get a list of the most commonly used words ? is there another solution ? jody mcdonough ovation software testing , inc . jody @ ovation . com p . o . box 272 ( 508 ) 481-9930 fax : ( 508 ) 481-9891 southborough , ma 01772
  """",0
  1024,""""Subject: french / english neologisms
   
   hi , i am new to the list . and since english is not my first language , i apologize for the mistakes you might find below : - ) . i hope that you won't mind if some of my explanations are in french . for my ph . d . semiotics , i am writing a dissertation on discourse and science-fiction and i need some information about the construction of neologisms in french and in english . ( neologisms are useful in sf , specially in the scientific field ! ) in french , neologisms are made in 5 different ways ( i hope these are the right english words ) : derivation ; composition ; imitation ; pure invention ; amalgam . one might also add borrowings from other languages . here are some examples ( sorry , the explanations are in french ) : - derivation : mot derive : """""""" position """""""" peut produire le verbe """""""" positionner """""""" ; - composition : mot compose : si """""""" monotone """""""" est decompose ( """""""" mono """""""" / """""""" tone """""""" ) , on peut recomposer """""""" polytone """""""" ; a partir de """""""" telephone """""""" on peut produire en science-fiction """""""" videophone """""""" . - imitation : souvent a partir d ' une onomatopee : a partir de l ' onomatopee """""""" couac """""""" on peut parler d ' un """""""" couac """""""" ( = un nom ) ; - invention : mot forge : se distingue des autres categories car on ne reconnait dans la morphologie du mot aucun terme existant ( ex . : """""""" emparouille """""""" , """""""" endosque """""""" , """""""" pratele """""""" , """""""" libucque """""""" , """""""" ecorbalise """""""" - extraits d ' henri michaux ) . cette categorie est contestee car certains pretendent qu ' il est toujours possible de retrouver la racine . - amalgam : mot - valise : reunion de deux mots sur la base d ' une homonymie partielle ; ainsi """""""" famille """""""" et """""""" millionnaire """""""" peuvent donner """""""" famillionnaire """""""" . in the every day french language , the 3 first ( mostly the 2 first ) processes are more frequent and the 2 others are used in the literary ( and humoristic ) discourse . my question ( s ) is ( are ) about the construction of neologisms in english . 1 ) does english use the same processes ? 2 ) even if it does , are the processes of the same importance in both languages ? 3 ) what would be the most frequent ones ? 4 ) what are the major differences ? 5 ) etc . thank you in advance , sylvie berard - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - sylvie berard """""""" but the fact is , i really , really hate d346215 @ er . uqam . ca housework , even when universite du quebec a montreal someone else is doing it . """""""" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  1025,""""Subject: question : quantitative information
   
   hello , there is someone who knows where can i look for """""""" quantitative """""""" information on languages ( e . g . number of words , average number of senses per word , etc . ) . i ' m mostly interested in comparing italian and english but every kind of information you can give me will be appreciated . eventually i will post a summary . thanks in advance , - massimo .
  """",0
  1026,""""Subject: request book information
   
   earlier this morning i was on the phone with a friend of mine living in south america . as we were talking in spanish , he said : """""""" si voy a la liberi ' a , comprare ' el libro """""""" which can be rendered into english as """""""" if i go to the bookstore , i will purchase it """""""" . i found this expression a bit unusual so i asked him saying that he really meant to say """""""" si fuese a la libreri ' a , comprari ' a el libro """""""" or """""""" if i were to go to the bookstore , i would buy it """""""" to which he said to me , """""""" ah , the subjunctive is dead in spanish ! """""""" . weather this is a matter of subjunctive discussion or not , is something to be left for another time . nevertheless , he mentioned in the course of our conversation that there is a book ( a spanish translation of a french original ) titled something like """""""" la muerte del subjuntivo """""""" or """""""" the demise / death of the subjunctive """""""" . does any one know of this book ? or books which may deal with similar content ? any and all help will be appreciated . joseph m kozono < kozonoj @ gunet . georgetown . edu >
  """",0
  1027,""""Subject: korean software for macintosh
   
   dear sir / madam , would you please send me any information about korean software for macintosh , iatl proceedings ?
  """",0
  1028,""""Subject: summary : parsing of ambiguous sequences in v2 languages
   
   below is a list of references that i received in response to my query about the parsing of ambiguous svo / ovs sequences in v2 languages . many thanks to the following linguists for their quick and informative replies : gisbert fanselow , edith kaan , inge lasser , ming wei lee , michael meng , weijia ni , herbert schriefers and craig thiersch . @ article { bader94 , author = """""""" markus bader """""""" , year = 1994 , title = """""""" syntactic function ambiguities """""""" , journal = """""""" folia linguistica """""""" , volume = """""""" 28 / 1 - - 2 """""""" , pages = """""""" 5 - - 66 """""""" , } @ unpublished { bayer / marslen-wilson 92 , author = """""""" josef bayer and william marslen - wilson """""""" , year = 1992 , title = """""""" configurationality in the light of language comprehension : the order of arguments in { g } erman """""""" , note = """""""" university of leipzig and birbeck university college london """""""" , } @ incollection { crocker94 , author = """""""" matthew w . crocker """""""" , year = 1994 , title = """""""" on the nature of the principle-based sentence processor """""""" , editor = """""""" c . clifton and lyn frazier and k . rayner """""""" , booktitle = """""""" perspectives on sentence processing """""""" , address = """""""" new york """""""" , publisher = """""""" lawrence erlbaum """""""" , note = """""""" only brief discussion of svo vs . ovs """""""" , } @ unpublished { gorrell95 , author = """""""" paul gorrell """""""" , year = 1995 , title = """""""" parsing theory and word-order variation in { g } erman """""""" , note = """""""" ms . , universit { \ """""""" a } t potsdam """""""" , } @ book { farke94 , author = """""""" h . farke """""""" , year = 1994 , title = """""""" grammatik und { s } prachverarbeitung . { z } ur { v } erarbeitung syntaktischer { a } mbiguit { \ """""""" a } ten """""""" , address = """""""" opladen """""""" , publisher = """""""" westdeutscher verlag """""""" , } @ incollection { farke / felix94 , author = """""""" h . farke and sascha w . felix """""""" , year = 1994 , title = """""""" subjekt - { o } bjektasymmetrien in der { s } prachverarbeitung """""""" , editor = """""""" sascha w . felix and ch . habel and g . rickheit """""""" , booktitle = """""""" kognitive { l } inguistik . { r } epr { \ """""""" a } sentationen und { p } rozesse """""""" , address = """""""" opladen """""""" , publisher = """""""" westdeutscher verlag """""""" , } @ article { frazier87 , author = """""""" lyn frazier """""""" , year = 1987 , title = """""""" processing syntactic structures : evidence from { d } utch """""""" , journal = nllt , volume = 5 , pages = """""""" 519 - - 559 """""""" , } @ article { frazier93 , author = """""""" lyn frazier """""""" , year = 1993 , title = """""""" processing { d } utch sentence structures """""""" , journal = """""""" journal of psycholinguistic research """""""" , volume = 22 , pages = """""""" 83 - - 108 """""""" , } @ article { frazier / flores89 , author = """""""" lyn frazier and g . flores d ' arcais """""""" , year = 1989 , title = """""""" filler - driven parsing : a study of gap-filling in { d } utch """""""" , journal = """""""" journal of memory and language """""""" , volume = 28 , pages = """""""" 331 - - 344 """""""" , } @ mathesis { haverkort86 , author = """""""" marco haverkort """""""" , year = 1986 , title = """""""" parasitic gaps : multiple variable binding , connectedness , { atb } or chain composition """""""" , school = """""""" university of nijmegen """""""" , } @ phdthesis { hemforth92 , author = """""""" b . hemforth """""""" , year = 1992 , title = """""""" kognitives { p } arsing """""""" , school = """""""" ruhr - universit { \ """""""" a } t , bochum """""""" , } @ incollection { hemforth-et - al93 , author = """""""" b . hemforth and l . konieczny and g . strube """""""" , year = 1993 , title = """""""" incremental syntax processing and parsing strategies """""""" , booktitle = """""""" proceedings of the { xv } th annual conference of the { c } ognitive { s } cience { s } ociety """""""" , address = """""""" hilldale """""""" , publisher = """""""" lawrence erlbaum """""""" , } @ book { jansen81 , author = """""""" f . jansen """""""" , year = 1981 , title = """""""" syntaktische konstrukties in gesproken taal """""""" , address = """""""" amsterdam """""""" , publisher = """""""" huis aan de drie grachten """""""" , } @ incollection { jordens91 , author = """""""" p . jordens """""""" , year = 1991 , title = """""""" linguistic knowledge in second language acquisition """""""" , editor = """""""" l . eubank """""""" , booktitle = """""""" point counterpoint : { u } niversal { g } rammar in the second language """""""" , address = """""""" amsterdam """""""" , publisher = benjamins , } @ unpublished { kaan93 , author = """""""" edith kaan """""""" , year = 1993 , title = """""""" processing { d } utch main clauses : a self-paced reading study """""""" , note = """""""" ms . , university of { g } roningen """""""" , } @ unpublished { lamers-et - al95 , author = """""""" m . j . a . lamers and l . a . stowe and th . c . gunter """""""" , year = 1995 , title = """""""" parsing { d } utch sentences : { svo } versus { ovs } structure """""""" , note = """""""" poster presented at the 8th { cuny } { c } onference on { h } uman { s } entence { p } rocessing , { t } ucson """""""" , } @ unpublished { mecklinger-et - al-in - press , author = """""""" a . mecklinger and h . schriefers and k . steinhauer and a . friederici """""""" , year = """""""" in press """""""" , title = """""""" the processing of relative clauses varying in syntactic complexity and semantic plausibility : an analysis with event related potentials """""""" , journal = """""""" memory and cognition """""""" , volume = """""""" """""""" , pages = """""""" """""""" , note = """""""" ms . , university of berlin """""""" , } @ book { nieuwborg68 , author = """""""" e . nieuwborg """""""" , year = 1968 , title = """""""" de distributie van het onderwerp en het lijdend voorwerp """""""" , address = """""""" antwerp """""""" , publisher = """""""" plantyn """""""" , } @ article { schriefers-et - al-in - press , author = """""""" h . schriefers and a . d . friederici and k . k { \ """""""" u } hn """""""" , year = """""""" in press """""""" , title = """""""" the processing of locally ambiguous clauses in { g } erman """""""" , journal = """""""" journal of memory and language """""""" , volume = """""""" """""""" , pages = """""""" """""""" , } @ article { vincenzi91 , author = """""""" m . { de vincenzi } """""""" , year = 1991 , title = """""""" filler - gap dependencies in a null subject language : referential and nonreferential { wh } s """""""" , journal = """""""" journal of psycholinguistic research """""""" , volume = 20 , pages = """""""" 197 - - 213 """""""" , }
  """",0
  1029,""""Subject: re : sapir - whorf and what to tell students these days
   
   here 's what i tell my undergrad and grad students about that same chapter in language files . i . e . , it 's difficult to even judge what 's going on with whorf unless you are simultaneously conversant with linguistics , american indian languages , and at least the insights of modern physics . first , the conclusion that is appropriate is that , as i showed in """""""" the demise of the whorf hypothesis """""""" ( berkeley linguistics society , 1978 ? ) , what whorf said has little or generally no relation whatever to the entire body of discussion that comes under the name """""""" ( sapir - ) whorf hypothesis """""""" . he showed decades before the critics came up with their own hypotheses , which they failed to name after themselves , that he would never have agreed with their characterization of his thoughts . simple test : read the lf chapter and then ask , """""""" who created the whorf hypothesis ? """""""" and a quick way to answer this is : what did whorf himself call it in his two or three references ? he called it the """""""" principle of linguistic relativity """""""" or the """""""" linguistic relativity principle """""""" . my own reading of whorf never finds the word """""""" hypothesis """""""" at all . so - - right off the bat , and this is a good way to teach scientific nomenclature , who turned whorf 's ' principle ' into a ( n ) ' hypothesis ' , and why ? it was n't whorf , because his designation was clear . so what is the difference between the two ? well , a principle is like an axiom in geometry : a starting point which is theoretically unverifiable - - it 's just a starting point . you want something else , you begin from a different starting point , and then you develop your hypotheses from there . next : what does whorf 's """""""" linguistic relativity principle """""""" have to do , if anything , with einstein 's """""""" relativity principle """""""" ( which i covered in my also bls , 1980 ? , paper , """""""" is whorf 's relativity einstein 's relativity ? """""""" ) . ah , now we ' ve gotten to the crux of it - - much against pinker 's stand ( which was copied and intensified in a lingua franca short bio of suzette elgin hayden recently , where a digression found its author saying that whorf cobbled together his theory from a few ill-translated snatches of apache - - echoing a pinker statement and relying on pinker 's quoting whorf correctly , which he did n't , about a canoe on a beach pointwise : which pinker identified as an apache sentence , but which whorf knew quite well was nootka in the pacific northwest rather than apache in the beachless desert ) , whorf was upping the ante on einstein , who argued that euclidian geometry , far from being universal , was applicable only to flat surfaces ; that for round surfaces , which most of reality is made up of , you need non - euclidian geometry . i . e . , when the phenomena change significantly , you have to change the tool you ' re using . well , that 's what whorf said too ( see heisenberg 's lament below ) , except he moved its domain from mathematics to natural human language ; hence : the truly aptly named """""""" principle of linguistic relativity """""""" as whorf himself named it . admittedly , this does n't make any sense until you see it in action , in """""""" an american indian model of the universe , """""""" where he posits a worldview without our tense / time ( past / present / future diorama or river of time ) , using manifested / manifesting ( plus other synonyms ) instead . that is : sae grammars / cultures give that aforementioned notion of """""""" time """""""" , which is supported and maintained by their tense systems ( though , admittedly , english is weird and gets it through the culture side of the language / culture system ) ; the hopi language / culture system has no such image of time , working from a different worldview principle that sees only cyclical , not linear , time - - round , not flat . most of the world 's grammars that have broken out of the latinate mold show that the particular time / tense system of sae is pretty much peculiar to western european languages - - hence a linguistic / cultural ontology of """""""" time """""""" as we know and practice it , and not the supposed universal we have so fondly believed it to be . side note : for one who reads whorf closely , he makes five or ten times more universalist statements than relativity statements in his writings , yet he is seen ( and reviled in a chomskyan universalist attitude ) as the relativist par excellent . so right from the get-go we see that 1 ) whorf did n't write and would n't agree with the hypothesis that someone ( s ) named after him ; 2 ) rather than being some deranged crackpot , he was merely literate : whorf was one of the few interdisciplinary thinkers between physics and linguistics in this century ; 3 ) whorf 's relativity principle had something important to do with einstein 's ; and 4 ) whorf was a universalist as well as a relativist - - he just had them in balance , a notable enough rarity in current academe , you must admit . if i may be so bold , alluding to your posting that """""""" no one has disproved whorf 's mild version of linguistic relativity ( let 's leave ling . determinism aside , or the stronger version . ) """""""" , even the mild version was n't his ! trace back like i did and you will find that whorf espoused neither strong nor weak versions of determinism , and relativity has nothing to do with determinism when you see it from the physics viewpoint above , as he did . if you read carefully , writers about the whorf hypothesis admit that even whorf did n't hold a strong version of determinism ( so if he did n't , who did ? and if nobody did , why bring it up ? ) , and that all the critics hold the weak version that they dreamed up ( even though whorf would n't hold it because it 's at least weakly deterministic and therefore newtonian ) . so what 's going on ? the problem is that whorf had already , from his acquaintance with physics , moved from newtonian monocausal determinism as an ideal into systems thinking - - where sometimes the opposite of one profound truth is another profound truth , where everything is interdependent , multicausal , interconnected : language shapes culture while culture is shaping language ; language shapes thinking while thinking is shaping language . the cumulative effect of the ( humboldt / boas / sapir - ) whorf hypothesis literature has been primarily to throw up a smokescreen around his ideas so that people , including grad students in linguistics , psychology , anthropology and sociology , won't read him in the original ( english ! ) . i tell my grad students that if they want to really find out what their discipline is about , go find out who their discipline is beating up on and read them ; and if you are so lucky as me to find someone that four major academic disciplines are ganging up on - - you know you ' ve hit a goldmine ! what in the world could be so important that four academic disciplines create a combined smokescreen ? because so few linguists in this century have availed themselves of the changes in thinking about reality that physics has been broadcasting during this entire century , few linguists are even qualified to step into what they did n't realize was an interdisciplinary debate in the history of ideas which whorf felt so comfortable in . i ' ll explain . i ' ll give you a synopsis of a talk i intend to give at a 100th birthday conference for benjamin whorf , which i intend to get funding for and hold in the bay area in spring 1997 . i call it """""""" heisenberg 's lament . """""""" you see , early in this century , that ' uncertain ' heisenberg was among the first to gain a ' glimpse ' into the subatomic world ; and , having done so , he rendered his opinion that , regarding the subatomic realm , """""""" we have reached the limits of our language . """""""" he said this for two reasons : 1 ) no matter how glibly western scientists talk about electrons , protons , neutrons , quarks , etc . , when we look into that realm there are no ' things ' , only processes and relationships ; but in order to make sense ( i . e . , complete sentences ) in sae languages , we need nouns - - and there 's nothing in the subatomic realm that you can , except willy-nilly , attach nouns to . and 2 ) given that , our most fundamental scientific terms such as """""""" same """""""" and """""""" different """""""" are useless . he did n't know then , and physics does n't know now , whether there are gazillions of electrons or just one electron with gazillions of manifestations . we have reached the limits of our language . fast - forward a few decades and whorf hears this in his physics classes at yale ( he has unpublished manuscripts on gravity in the yale archives ) , and ponders : hm , i wonder if this has anything to do with what prof . sapir said the other day about hopi not needing nouns to express ordinary propositions - - just """""""" rehpi """""""" , """""""" flashed """""""" , instead of """""""" it """""""" or """""""" the / a light flashed """""""" : because when you come right down to it , how is the flashing different from the light ? is """""""" light """""""" just a convenient grammatical fiction foisted upon us by sae grammar ? and as he pondered ' light ' being noun or verb , particle or wave , depending on how it 's viewed , he saw the universe in the same way , with different cultures taking different positions on the question . in this case , since hopi did n't seem to take too seriously the absence of nouns , perhaps , whorf surmised , hopi could be of use for physicists in exploring and reporting back about the quantum world , that realm that did n't have thingy nouns . fast - forward another few decades and physicist david bohm reads whorf ( which i confirmed personally in talking to him ) , and then , * in response * ( my attribution ) , writes _ wholeness and the implicate order _ , in which he , among other things , tries to make english more verby and performative in the """""""" rheomode """""""" - - a brilliant flop ; and then launches on the scientific community a view of the universe which does not contain our familiar notions of past / present / future time , but instead an implicate and explicate order of reality - - an """""""" inny / outty """""""" notion where the future is inside us working outward instead of some vague distant goal we are headed toward . an email acquaintance pointedly asked me what the difference was between bohm 's terminology and whorf 's terminology ; it took me 6 months to finally answer that there was none , except the hopis had had theirs for millennia longer . and then it hit me ! bohm , in his own maverick way , appropriated whorf 's answer to heisenberg 's lament in """""""" an american indian model of the universe """""""" and substituted more scientifically acceptable terminology ( implicate / explicate rather than manifesting / manifested ) to see how the notion of a universe without linear time would fly in the modern physics and academic community - - and it had qualified success . but - - bohm was no closer to knowing whether whorf had been accurate in his description of hopi than he had been before writing the book . and there had been so much bad press on the guy ! how was one to know , ultimately ? and here 's the part that almost no-one knows so far . in 1991 , in the last few months of his life , david bohm launched his most ambitious thought experiment to date : with some other physicists and a few psychologists and linguists , and sponsored by the fetzer institute , he enticed recognized american indian intellectual leaders ( and some of their elders ) to join in dialogue together in what i can only describe as a roundabout way of asking american indians whether whorf was accurate in his description of the ' timeless ' hopi worldview . but it became so much more ! the american indian leaders there had previously read bohm 's book and others , but the physicists knew nothing about native american worldviews and native american science methodologies , so the indians had to build a bridge over to them in private meetings before the three public days on the themes of time , space and language . during the day on time , whorf 's description of hopi came up , was read out loud , and discussed , though i do n't remember any hopis being present ; nevertheless , the other american indians present , mostly of algonquian tribes , gave what can only be called ' independent verification ' in scientific terminology by saying essentially : well , i can't speak for the hopi people , but that 's pretty much the way we do it . in fact , of the many whorf passages read or discussed in these dialogues , the physicists and the american indians present were usually willing to give whorf his points ( proving again , perhaps , the difficulty of being a prophet in one 's own country / discipline ! ) . but we ' re not done yet - - the best is yet to come - - the actual conclusion of heisenberg 's lament ! at the beginning of the first dialogue it was clear that the quantum physicists had their favorite realm to explore and talk about , and the american indians also had their own favorite realm . as we dialogued , it began becoming clear that those favorite realms had some fundamental principles in common : the only constant is flux ; everything that exists vibrates ; everything is interconnected such that the part implicates the whole . in fact , it became crystal clear that the last major obstacle to these realms being the same realm was really only terminological : the physicists are used to calling it """""""" the subatomic realm """""""" whereas the american indians for millennia have been calling it """""""" the spirit realm """""""" . now that 's a big enough surprise - - that modern physics is knocking on the door of spirit without really meaning to - - but not big enough , so now let 's take it home ! it puzzled the physicists just how the american indians should have foreknowledge of a realm they should n't know about , that the western scientific infrastructure had just recently led us to - - and the indians had no such scientific infrastructure ! and as the physicists gradually understood that , like hopi , the algonquian grammatical structures do not demand nouns , do not demand fictitious actors to embody actions ( that , as my mikmaq and blackfoot friends tell me , they can talk all day long in those languages and never utter a single ' noun ' ! ) , they finally had to admit that such languages were indeed much better suited to exploring that realm and reporting back than sae languages - - whorf 's reply to heisenberg 's lament was verified and agreed upon . when the phenomena of reality change in a dramatic way , you need to change the tool you ' re using . now , of course , the physicists were left with an even larger puzzle , to wit : how is it that these american indians have a language much better suited than sae languages to investigate and describe the inner workings of the subatomic realm - - a realm they are n't even supposed to know about ! ? ! as you can see by now , pinker - - like all other facile critics and unindicted co-creators of the so-called hypothesis - - is out of his league altogether in attempting to characterize a major player in one of the most important interdisciplinary discussions ever in the history of ideas . pinker , like chomsky , loves logic ( which grows out of the grammar of sae languages just as the philosophy of ' karma ' grew out of the grammar of ancient sanskrit , where it was used earliest as the linguistics term for 'd irect object ' ! ! ) , but has never really gotten with the program this century to replace binary / dualistic thinking with multivariable / multicausal / interdependent systems thinking . whorf heard the call , way back then , and may yet prove to have been an entire century ahead of his time in linguistics . even though we can think in systems for phonology and grammar , we have a tough time doing it for """""""" language and thought """""""" ; we feel we have to make them bipolar opposites such that they are distinct and one causes the other invariantly ; that 's why i so admired how slobin finally lost those monolithic terms and framed the question instead in terms of """""""" thinking for speaking """""""" - - the at least one kind of thinking where your thinking is very much at the mercy of the forms and categories of your language , per whorf . so tell your students , as i do , that the only way to get to the bottom of what whorf did or did not say is to read his essays in _ language , thought & reality _ for themselves , perhaps with the above thoughts as a guideline , and then figure out for themselves whether the sapir - whorf hypothesis smokescreen makes any sense .
  """",0
  1030,""""Subject: call for contributions
   
   call for contributions : _ concepts and practice of network - based language teaching _ mark warschauer , university of hawaii at manoa richard kern , university of california at berkeley we are submitting a proposal to cambridge university press applied linguistics series ( series editors michael long and jack richards ) for an edited volume on the concepts and practice of computer network-based language teaching ( i . e . , involving the internet , local area networks , or other forms of electronic communication ) . it is intended that the book will be solidly based on second language acquisition theory and research and that its principle audience will be faculty and graduate students ( e . g . , as a text in graduate courses in applied linguistics , tesol , and foreign language education ) . we are seeking two types of chapter submissions : ( 1 ) critical analyses of the concepts of network-based teaching as they relate to aspects of language acquistion theory or educational theory ( for example , consideration of relationships of network-based language teaching to cognitive , psycholinguistic , sociolinguistic , sociocultural , literary , or critical pedagogical theories ) . ( 2 ) theoretically - grounded empirical studies of the practice of network-based teaching . chapters on classroom practice should include a review of the literature , a detailed description of the research methods used , an in-depth analysis and discussion of the data , and implications for teaching and future research . analyses can be qualititative or quantitative , and can explore multiple types of variables ( e . g . , process , product , cognitive , social , affective , contextual ) . timeline / deadlines : 1 . dec . 1 , 1996 : notification of interest please send an email message to mark warschauer ( mark @ hawaii . edu ) or richard kern ( kernrg @ uclink . berkeley . edu ) notifying us of your possible interest in submitting an abstract as well as the likely topic . 2 . jan . 15 , 1996 : submission of abstract please send one packet to each editor including : one page with the title of your abstract and your and your contact information ( address , telephone , e-mail , and fax number ) ; one page with the title and abstract of the proposed chapter ( maximum 1 - 2 pages , single spaced ) ; your complete cv , including previous publications one copy to : one copy to : mark warschauer richard kern esl dept , moore 570 department of french 1890 east - west road university of california , berkeley university of hawaii berkeley , ca 94720-2580 honolulu , hi 96816 3 . feb . 15 , 1996 : notification about status of abstract 4 . sept . 1 , 1996 : manuscripts submitted to editors ( warschauer / kern ) ( hard copy and diskette , in apa format ) 5 . oct . 1 , 1996 : initial editorial response ( by warschauer / kern ) to manuscripts 6 . dec . 15 , 1996 : revised manuscripts due 7 . feb 1 , 1997 : book manuscript submitted to cambridge university press applied linguistics series editors ( expected publication date , 9-12 months later ) the editors : mark warschauer is a researcher at the national foreign language resource center of the university of hawaii . his publications include _ e - mail for english teaching : bringing the internet and computer learning networks into the language classroom _ ( tesol publications , 1995 ) and _ virtual connections : online activities & projects for networking language learners _ ( university of hawaii , in press ) . richard kern is assistant professor of french and director of the french language program at the university of california at berkeley . his research interests include reading and writing in a foreign language and the use of networked computers to facilitate communicative language use . he has published articles in the modern language journal , foreign language annals , canadian modern language review , and studies in second language acquisition . thank you very much for your interest . we hope that this book will play an important role in bringing together the most advanced research on this topic and making it available to faculty , researchers , graduate students , and interested teachers . we are looking forward to hearing from you and to receiving your abstracts . mark warschauer richard kern university of hawaii university of california , berkeley markw @ hawaii . edu kernrg @ uclink . berkeley . edu
  """",0
  1031,""""Subject: sum : german / english translation software
   
   a little while ago i posted a query about peoples 's experience with power translator ( professional ) software for german - english translation . here is my colleague 's summary of responses via this and other lists . 1 . a second hand comment that someone working in art history had found it unsatisfactory 2 . another said that the canadian government uses the power professional ( french ) programme for translation work 3 . another said that the french version gave quite comical or incomprehensible results , but this was on the basic version , not the professional . one conspicuous difficulty was with words which can have the same form as different parts of speech ( eg gerunds ) ; another was variant word order . 4 . someone said ( another second hand comment ) that it was """""""" ok for the first cut """""""" . 5 . a response from the correspondent of an owner of the basic german programme who sent some samples with commentary , showing that as long as you knew both languages and edited the text during translation the results could be satisfactory , but whether the degree of efficiency offsets the time taken to use the programme was not apparent . this correspondent referred to it as a """""""" toy """""""" . 6 . a response from an academic who worked on the ibm translation product who referred to a german computer journal which rated the ibm programme slightly better ( and cheaper ) than the power professional . the reference is _ dos die pc zeitschrift _ 8 ' 95 pp128 - 132 . it is apparent that simple constructions and explicit vocabulary translate more accurately than the complex and allusive , so the satisfaction given will depend very much on the nature of the task and the needs or expectations of the user . for scanning large volumes of print to ascertain the general subject matter these programmes are probably quite satisfactory ; for accurate translations , interactive operation by a translation-competent person would seem to be necessary . i have not yet decided to buy one of these programmes : i await a sales person who is prepared to run the risk of a trial translation on text supplied by me . no satisfied user came forward . andrew carstairs - mccarthy department of linguistics , university of canterbury , private bag 4800 , christchurch , new zealand phone + 64 - 3-364 2211 ; home phone + 64 - 3-355 5108 fax + 64 - 3-364 2065 e-mail a . c-mcc @ ling . canterbury . ac . nz
  """",0
  1032,""""Subject: re : 6 . 1143 , disc : kinship terms
   
   i am not qualified to speak about english in general , but i have observed that some of the argument is based on statements that are not universally true . i do n't know the source of the usage , but in my family we call children by the same type of term about equally . that is , i am as likely to yell """""""" daughter , you have a phone call """""""" as """""""" son , get down the stairs and do the dishes """""""" . similarly , i use both terms to indicate closeness : """""""" nice job , son """""""" , """""""" good one , daughter ! """""""" . my husband has ( i think ) picked it up from me , but my brother 's family does this too . carolyn ostrander clostran @ mailbox . syr . edu
  """",0
  1033,""""Subject: escol ' 95
   
   * preliminary program and registration information for escol ' 95 * eastern states conference on linguistics ( escol ' 95 ) dartmouth college hanover , new hampshire novmember 3 - 5 , 1995 friday , november 3 , 1995 session i : syntax 9 : 15 korean a - chains and the chain condition kwangho lee , university of minnesota 9 : 45 copy raising in igbo and the theory of feature - checking hiroyuki ura , mit 10 : 15 on the necessity of a cooperian treatment of e - type pronouns koji hoshi , university of rochester / mit session ii : phonology 11 : 00 on phonotactic interactions : loss of directionality in sanskrit fumiko kumashiro , university of california , san diego 11 : 30 underspecification and parametric variation in fon vowel harmony steven gross , university of south carolina 12 : 00 absolute neutralization and underspecification in hungarian vowel harmony deborah schmidt , university of georgia session iii : syntax 2 : 30 inverted subjects in french , nominative case - checking and expletive pro in antisymmetric minimalism j . m . de wind , university of amsterdam 3 : 00 asymmetric object positions david basilico , university of alabama at birmingham 3 : 30 a constraint on a - positions and the projection principle lynn nichols , harvard university session iv : discourse 4 : 30 np - internal focus and contextually relevant sets mary wu , university of illinois at urbana - champaign 5 : 00 the discourse representation of temporal ' then ' ellen thompson , university of maryland 5 : 30 implicature as cognition robert knippen , university of chicago 8 : 00 invited speaker : james mccawley , """""""" an overview of the syntax of ' apposition ' in english """""""" november 4 , 1995 session v : semantics 9 : 00 the ambiguity of plural individuals eun - joo kwak , brown university 9 : 30 an indexical account of ' certain ambiguities ' christopher kennedy , university of california , santa cruz 10 : 00 adicity , causation , and lexical aspect grace song , northwestern university 10 : 30 all oppositions are not equipollent : privative aspect features mari broman olsen , northwestern university 11 : 15 invited speaker : elizabeth cowper , """""""" features of tense """""""" session vi : syntax 2 : 15 on the existence of overt qr keun - won sohn , university of connecticut 2 : 45 licensing conditions for sentential subjects : implications for a theory of lexical insertion william d . davies , university of iowa , and stanley dubinsky , university of south carolina 3 : 15 replacing the csc ed zoerner , university of california , irvine session vii : psycholinguistics 4 : 00 phonological influences on conceptual and syntactic encoding janet rowe , university of toronto 4 : 30 systematic biases in syntactic categorization barbara luka , university of chicago 5 : 00 on the relationship between gestures and acoustic aspects of speech shuichi nobe , university of chicago session viii : phonology 4 : 00 syntactic constraints on intonational phrasing josef taglicht , hebrew university of jerusalem 4 : 30 feature geometry , spread coronal , and economy of derivation jeong - seok kim , university of connecticut 5 : 00 glottal consonants and the ' sonority ' hierarchy donald g . churma and yili shi , ball state university 5 : 45 invited speaker : kathryn bock , """""""" producing agreement """""""" 7 : 00 party november 5 , 1995 session ix : phonology 9 : 00 the stress - epenthesis paradox in arabic samira farwaneh , university of utah 9 : 30 variation as optimality in marshallese word - initial geminates chang - kook suh , university of arizona 10 : 00 an ot account of length and consonant behavior in italian syllabification naomi nagy , university of pennsylvania , and donna jo napoli , swarthmore college 10 : 30 neutralization and strengthening processes in korean sechang lee , university of southern california session x : syntax 9 : 00 the matching parameter and the pro - drop parameter roumyana izvorski , university of pennsylvania 9 : 30 on the derivation of sluicing milagrosa ramos - santacruz , georgetown university 10 : 00 null case and certain differences between french and english zeljus bosuovic , university of connecticut 10 : 30 on crossing a - dependencies eric haeberli , university of geneva 11 : 00 break 11 : 15 invited speaker : douglas pulleyblank , to be announced * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * escol ' 95 pre - registration form please return to : escol ' 95 registration program in linguistics 6086 reed dartmouth college hanover , nh 03755 pre - registration deadline : september 15 , 1995 ( must be received by this date ) late registrations will be charged the on-site fee . we regret that we are unable to refund fees to registrants who cannot attend . the conference fee includes entrance to all sessions , a registration packet , breakfast and coffee breaks , and admission to the escol ' 95 banquet / party . name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mailing address ( now through november 1995 ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ student : _ _ _ _ $ 20 [ on-site $ 25 ] non - student : _ _ _ _ $ 30 [ on-site $ 40 ] make checks payable in us $ to dartmouth college .
  """",0
  1034,""""Subject: tree macros for latex
   
   i wonder which tex / latex macros linguists use to draw tree structures . i tried tree . sty which was written by edward m . reingold and nachum dershowitz and uses the pictex macros . it works fine but does not do kerning , which means that tree nodes are arranged geometrically as in a ) , not as in b ) , for example ( note the position of the topic node ) : a ) b ) ip ip / \ / \ topic i ' topic i ' / \ / \ fp i + v fp i + v / \ / \ f ' focus f ' focus / \ / \ aspp f aspp f ( example taken from a handout paper by miriam butt and tracy holloway king ) is there a tree macro that draws trees like in b ) ? thanks for your help , i ' ll post the results . karl - michael schneider department of general linguistics university of passau , germany
  """",0
  1035,""""Subject: palatal on-glides
   
   does anyone know of any language ( s ) with more than one type of unrounded palatal on-glide between consonant and vowel , e . g . , [ i ] vs [ j ] vs [ ji ] as in [ kan ] vs [ kian ] vs [ kjan ] vs [ kjian ] the reason for my asking is because middle chinese is often assumed to have such a four-way contrast - - i personally do not think such a contrast is possible , but i 'd like to check with people working with other language families before i jump to any conclusions . by the way , the notation in square brackets is phonetic , rather than phonemic ; so interpreting the [ kj ] sequence as a palatal affricate will not do . wenchao
  """",0
  1036,""""Subject: qs : language attitude studies ( german )
   
   can anybody who has done ( or knows about ) current research on language attitudes in a 's tandard / non-standard variety setting ' please contact me . i have just started a thesis on ' attitudes towards """""""" hochdeutsch """""""" in southern germany ' and i would like to find out more about recent ( 1990 + ) research on language attitude studies , especially in the german - speaking area . thank you anne hof ( german dept . , university of manchester ) mflugah @ fs1 . art . man . ac . uk
  """",0
  1037,""""Subject: workshop on focus - 1st call for papers
   
   1st call for papers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * workshop on focus * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * university of massachusetts , amherst december 8-10 , 1995 guest speakers : eva hajicova , carles univ . prague barbara partee , umass amherst elizabeth selkirk , umass amherst petr sgall , charles univ . prague the department of linguistics and the glsa ( graduate linguistics student association ) at the university of massachusetts at amherst invite submissions of abstracts for the * * workshop on focus * * , an interdisciplinary workshop on the role of focus in grammar . it intends to cover diverse areas of formal linguistics , such as phonetics , phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics , pragmatics , and psycholinguistics . each talk is 30 min . long , followed by a 10 min . discussion . the proceedings of the workshop will be published as a special volume of umop ( university of massachusetts occasional papers ) from glsa . please send 6 copies of an anonymous abstract , maximum 2 pages long including references , tables , diagrams , and examples . fonts should be no smaller than 12 points , and at least 1 inc margin on all sides . the abstract should arrive at the address below by * * october 2 , 1995 * * . no email or fax submissions are accepted . along with the abstract , enclose an index card ( 3 """""""" x5 """""""" ) with title of paper , author 's name , affiliation , address , telephone number , and e-mail address . workshop on focus organizing committee department of linguistics south college university of massachusetts amherst , ma 01003 for further information , fax 1-413 - 545 27 92 email focus @ linguist . umass . edu
  """",0
  1038,""""Subject: re : amharic
   
   i am doing independent study on the rift valley of africa . amharic is a dialect spoken in that area , primarily eithiopia . i am trying to assertain what certain words would be in that language . for example , - - lion - - death - - baby - - water - - man - - woman - - family . any help would be appreciated ed . wagner
  """",0
  1039,""""Subject: risk
   
   a colleague and i are researching the differing degrees of risk perceived by our hong kong students in different contexts where spoken english is required . we would be interested to find out more about research in the area of risk-taking in language learning . so far we have n't come up with much . can anyone help here ?
  """",0
  1040,""""Subject: simultaneous prepositions and postpositions in pashto
   
   i ' m looking for analyses of nominal constructions ( in any language ) in which the np has _ both _ a preposition and a postposition . for example , pashto has constructions like the following , from herbert penzl , _ a grammar of pashto _ ( washington , d . c . : american council of learned societies , 1955 ) , p . 41 : we sarri te to man to ' to the man ' the preposition is sometimes optional , though the postposition is obligatory . since pashto is head-final ( the unmarked word order is sov ) , it 's tempting to take the postposition at face-value . however , there are some binding facts that suggest that a phrase containing an np + postposition is referential , and so it might be possible to analyze the postposition as some kind of case marker . i understand that there may be such a distinction between homophonous case markers and postpositions in japanese , for example . i 'd be grateful if anyone could suggest any articles that deal with these constructions . and if there are other linguists who are studying pashto , i 'd like to hear from you . thanks for any help ! taylor roberts < troberts @ mit . edu >
  """",0
  1041,""""Subject: call : lowlands - l discussion list
   
   in may of this year the discussion list lowlands - l was founded . since then , over 180 people have subscribed to this list , which is intended as a forum for discussion about ( and in ) the languages and cultures of the lowlands bordering the north sea and the baltic sea . more specifically : about dutch , low german , frisian , afrikaans , english , scots , and their dialects . new subscribers are invited , native speakers of the lowlands languages , as well as students of a lowlands language , professional linguists , as well as anyone else who takes an interest in the lowlands . in order to subscribe , please send a message with the following text : subscribe lowlands - l firstname lastname ( enter your own name here ) to the following address : listproc @ lists . u . washington . edu you will then receive a welcome message that provides all necessary information about the list procedures . regards , reinhard f . hahn ( rhahn @ u . washington . edu ) henk wolf ( h . a . y . wolf @ stud . let . ruu . nl ) ( moderators lowlands - l )
  """",0
  1042,""""Subject: bu conf on language development ' 95 - announcement
   
   20th annual boston university conference on language development november 3 , 4 , 5 , 1995 keynote speaker : lila gleitman plenary speaker : lydia white sessions include first and second language acquisition of syntax , morphology , phonology , lexical and conceptual knowledge , discourse , narrative and literacy , social and cultural aspects of language use , as well as exceptional language , language processing , and bilingualism . ninety papers are scheduled to be presented . all conference sessions will be held on the boston university campus in the george sherman union , 775 commonwealth avenue , boston . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * for more information : a preliminary program , pre-registration form , and information about hotels , discounts on domestic air fares , and child care arrangements , are available via e-mail . if you send a message to info @ louis-xiv . bu . edu you will receive an automated reply that contains these materials . these materials are also sent by regular mail to those who are on our mailing list ( speakers are urged to wait to pre-register until they receive that mailing ) . anyone who plans to attend the conference is advised to make hotel arrangements as soon as possible . if you have any questions , or if you would like to add your address to our regular mailing list or inform us of a change in address , please send e-mail to langconf @ louis-xiv . bu . edu , phone 617-353 - 3085 , or write to : boston university conference on language development 138 mountfort street brookline , ma 02146-4083 * * should you find yourself on the conference schedule , and you have not yet received an acceptance letter concerning details , please contact us by e-mail immediately so that we can send you a virtual copy of the details . we mailed out our reply letters to all authors on every submission on aug . 11th , but as of the 24th , many submitters had still not received their letters . we apologize for the inconvenience .
  """",0
  1043,""""Subject: 
   
   computational ling bengt sigurd ( ed ) computerized grammars for analysis and machine translation travaux de l ' institut de linguistique de lund 29 , 1994 , 148 pp . computational linguistics us $ 30 distributed by lund university press , box 141 , s-221 00 lund , sweden ( isbn 91-7966 - 304 - 4 ) chartwell - bratt ltd , old orchard , bickley road , bromley , kent br1 2ne , uk ( isbn 0-86238 - 383 - 8 ) this book presents grammars developed within the swedish machine translation project swetra . the grammars are original contributions but are based on different features of grammatical theories , above all diderichsen 's field grammar , tg , gpsg and gb . the grammars are implemented in prolog ( dcg ) . the basic languages treated are swedish and english , but japanese , russian , indonesian and mapudungu are also touched upon . phonology & phonetics watt , david l . e . the phonology and semology of intonation in english : an instrumental and systemic perspective . 1994 . 192 pp . 6x9 book , prepaid us $ 20 . 00 + 3 . 50 p&h ( us ) / 5 . 00 ( can ) / 5 . 50 ( other ) . iulc publications , 720 e . atwater ave . , bloomington in 47401 . < iulc @ indiana . edu > . intonation . watt presents an extensive study of intonation and its meaning potential from a systemic functional perspective , advancing halliday 's description of intonation . includes over 250 instrumentally derived illustrations of examples from original tape recordings , cited examples and recordings of casual conversations . lang acquisition philip , william . ( university of massachusetts , amherst ) ; event quantification in the acquisition of universal quantification , pb . xi + 221 pp . ph . d . dissertation , 1995 . $ 16 + s / h ( $ 3 domestic , $ 4 foreign surface ) . graduate linguistic student association ( glsa ) , umass , amherst . this dissertation investigates a robust phenomenon of nonadult-like comprehension performance found in an early stage of the acquisition of universal quantification , and shows how this phenomenon relates to the principles governing the linguistic representation of universal quantification in adult grammar . in so doing , the dissertation also establishes a body of psycholinguistic evidence in support of the general ( davidsonian ) thesis that in natural language there is quantification over individual events as well as quantification over individual objects . for further information , contact glsa @ linguist . umass . edu . the acquisition of the lexicon edited by lila gleitman and barbara landau a special edition of lingua - - a bradford book the mit press $ 39 . 95 paper to order : < mitpress-orders @ mit . edu > or 800 . 356 . 0343 or 617 . 625 . 8569 interdisciplinary essay collection on the aquisition of vocabulary in infants , with emphasis on linguisitics and psycholinguistics . available for discussion .
  """",0
  1044,""""Subject: 
   
   syntax the antisymmetry of syntax richard s . kayne linguistic inquiry monograph twenty - five the mit press $ 17 . 95 paper , $ 35 . 95 cloth to order : < mitpress-orders @ mit . edu > or 800 . 356 . 0343 or 617 . 625 . 8569 prposes a restrictive theory of word order and phrase structure , where the latter always entirely determines linear order . available for discussion . semantics unaccusativity at the syntax - lexical semantics interface by beth levin and malka rappaport hovav linguistic inquiry monograph twenty - six the mit press $ 19 . 95 paper , $ 39 . 95 cloth to order : < mitpress-orders @ mit . edu > or 800 . 356 . 0343 or 617 . 625 . 8569 builds on theory of lexical semantic representation , and elucidates mapping from lexical semantics to syntax . available for discussion .
  """",0
  1045,""""Subject: summary of names of days
   
   dear linguists , in the december 15 issue of linguist i posted a request for examples of deictic expressions for the names of days either side of """""""" today """""""" . here is the summary of what i obtained . the response was overwhelming - a total of 70 linguist subscribers sent replies . many , many thanks to all of you who contributed . quite a number of respondents supplied information on two or more languages . there was some duplication of languages , namely japanese , mandarin chinese , danish , french , german , russian and hindi . i now have examples of 48 languages , they are : anejom ( vanuatu ) , a = fee a = fee ( solomon is ) , azerbaijani turkish , basque , bauan ( standard fijian ) , brazilian portuguese , bulgarian , czech , danish , dutch , english , erromagan ( vanuatu ) , estonian , finnish , french , german , hausa , hawai ` ian , hindustani , ipili ( png ) , italian , japanese , kamhmu ? ( vietnam ) , ki - swahili , kope ( png ) , korean , lao / phasa iisaan , lenakel ( vanuatu ) , madarin chinese , malay , mauritian / seychelles creole , modern greek , modern hebrew , norwegian , polish , quechua , rumanian , russian , samoan , serbo - croatian , slovene , sulka ( png ) , swedish , taiwanese , thai , welsh . my original interest in collecting such deictic expressions stems from a general interest in symmetry in language and language systems . most languages exhibit a symmetry in the number of deictic expressions for diurnal units either side of """""""" today """""""" , however , some exhibit an asymmetry . c . s . levinson ( pragmatics , 1983 : 75 ) reports , """""""" the amerindian language chinantec has four named days either side of today ; japanese has three days back from today , and two ahead ; hindi has the same word for yesterday and tomorrow . """""""" ( levinson gleaned this information from : fillmore , c . j . ( 1975 ) . santa cruz lectures on deixis , 1971 . mimeo , indiana university linguistics club . ) i have not personally been able to get a hold of this the fillmore reference - living in the academically isolated south seas does have some drawbacks ! if any of you have a copy of this publication , i would be very interested in obtaining photocopies of the section on ` time deixis ' . of course , i will reimburse you for the cost of postage and photocopying . anyway , a symmetrical deictic system of diurnal units / spans seems to me logical , though i ' m not sure i can verbalise the reasons . the reported asymmetry in the japanese system seemed to me a bit odd . especially that the asymmetry was lop-sided towards the past ( see below for reasons ) . upon further examination , i discovered that the japanese deictic system for diurnal units does seem to be symmetrical ; it has + 3 and - 3 either side of the present diurnal span . the expression ` siasatte / yanoasatte ' meaning + 3 days from """""""" today """""""" is not known to quite an number of native speakers of japanese . they appear to be used infrequently and ` yanoasatte and yaneasatte ' are considered to be dialectal ( at least in relation to the tokyo dialect ) . indeed , the lecturer in japanese in my department ( herself a native speaker of japanese ) was not aware of these expressions until she looked them up in her dictionary . another interesting consideration in all of this is the question as to the number of diurnal units before and after today that languages recognise . what is the maximum / minimum number of units ? also , what is the average number of units ( or most popular system ) ? answers to these questions ( based on my small sample ) below . one respondent asked the following very interesting question : """""""" if you reach the level of , let 's say , 5 ( days after present diurnal span ) , does this also have the non-specific reading ` at some point in the not-to - far-away future ' in those languages ? """""""" the only language in my small corpus that has + 5 and - 5 diurnal units in its system is erromangan ( vanuatu ) . i will have to ask my source for erromangan to answer this question . there is an inherent problem in determining the number expressions for diurnal units . this is determining whether the expressions are lexemes or phrases . many languages seem to have """""""" lexicalised """""""" ( for want of a better term ) prepositional / nominal phrases . other languages , like for example the english expression ` the day before yesterday ' , have retained the phrase structure . one respondent supplied me with a lengthy discussion on the lexeme / phrase issue . she cites the case of bulgarian ( i hope she won't mind my including her discussion here ) : [ begin quote ] bulgarian presents an [ interesting ] situation with regard to the phrase / lexeme issue because it does n't have a real nominal case paradigm : onzi den - 2 ( lit . """""""" that / yonder day """""""" ) vchera - 1 dnes 0 present diurnal span utre + 1 vdrugi den + 2 ( lit . """""""" other day """""""" ) so the same form ' pozavchera ' in bulgarian ( with stress on the penultimate syllable ; russian ' pozavchera ' has stress on the final syllable ) perhaps does n't look as strange because one would n't expect ' po ' to require any particular case ending . however , again we have what looks like a preposition with an adverb , which should not exist as a phrase . bulgarian """""""" tomorrow """""""" is ' utre ' . but """""""" the day after tomorrow """""""" is ' vdrugiden ' - - i . e . , the phrase ' v drugi den ' ( lit . """""""" on ( the ) other day """""""" , written without spaces in between the individual words . should this be considered a word simply on orthographic grounds , though ? is it a prepositional phrase or an adverb ? of course the boundary between prepositional phrases and adverbs is very fuzzy to begin with . bulgarian """""""" the day before yesterday """""""" , in contrast , is what looks like a noun phrase : ' onja den ' - - """""""" that day """""""" . no preposition ' v ' ( """""""" on """""""" ) here . so should this be considered just an np or a prepositional phrase ? ' onja den ' is used the same way as ' vdrugiden ' - - ' vidjax go onja den ' - - """""""" i saw him [ on ] the day before yesterday """""""" . it seems to me that what 's written as a noun phrase here is really an adverb , like ' vdrugiden ' or like russian ' pozavchera ' and ' poslezavtra ' , the only difference being that the other three adverbs are formed from prepositional phrases while ' onja den ' has no preposition . it would sound strange to call it a prepositional phrase , because , unlike ' vdrugiden ' , it contains no preposition . so i would call it an adverbial phrase . ( time expressions in slavic languages are commonly in the accusative , and that may be the origin of ' onja den ' , but since modern bulgarian has lost its nominal case paradigm for the most part this makes it harder to determine the status of phrases like this one . ( cf . russian ' kazhduju nedelju ' ( """""""" each - acc week - acc """""""" ) , which means """""""" every week """""""" in an adverbial sense . ) bulgarian does n't have specific words for """""""" the day before the day before yesterday """""""" - - that would be , i think , ' v denja predi onja den ' ( """""""" on the day before the day before yesterday """""""" ) , but of course speakers would avoid that and just would say ' predi dva dena ' ( """""""" two days ago """""""" , lit . """""""" before two days """""""" ) . the same would be true for ' vdrugiden ' - - ' v denja sled vdrugiden ' is conceivably possible ( """""""" on the day after the-day - after-tomorrow """""""" ) , but speakers would say 's led dva dena ' ( """""""" in / after two days """""""" ) . so i think it may be very difficult here to draw a demarcation line here between the grammatical categories of words vs . phrases . [ end of quote ] quite a number of languages ( especially slavonic and germanic languages ) allow recursion of prepositions / prefixes to """""""" add on """""""" to the already existing deictic expressions . the extent to which this recursion can be practiced is limited only by pragmatic constraints . here are some nice examples : rumanian : ras-ras - ras-alaltaieri ( ? ) - 5 ras-ras - alaltaieri ( ? ) - 4 ras-alaltaieri - 3 alaltaieri - 2 ieri - 1 azi / astazi 0 present diurnal span miine + 1 poimiine + 2 ras-poimiine + 3 ras-ras - poimiine ( ? ) + 4 ras-ras - ras-poimiine ( ? ) + 5 etc . dutch : ( eer-eergisteren ) + 3 eergisteren + 2 gisteren - 1 vandaag 0 present diurnal span morgen + 1 overmorgen + 2 ( over-overmorgen ) + 3 danish : ( i for-forgars - 3 ) i forgars - 2 i gar - 1 i dag 0 present diurnal span i morgen + 1 i overmorgen + 2 ( i over-overmorgen + 3 the - 3 and + 3 forms are rather colloquial , but nevertheless perfectly idiomatic . further recursions of prefixes / prepositions are only used in jocular ways , and predominantly by children . finally , if you have read this far , you are about to be rewarded with a summary of the data i have at this point . number of diurnal units either side of """""""" today """""""" : symmetrical deictic systems - 1 0 + 1 no examples - 2 - 1 0 + 1 + 2 23 examples - 3 - 2 - 1 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 14 examples - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 3 examples - 5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 1 example - erromangan ( vanuatu ) asymmetrical deictic systems - 2 - 1 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 3 examples - 2 - 1 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 1 example - malay - 2 - 1 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 1 example - hausa - 3 - 2 - 1 0 + 1 + 2 1 example - colloquial spanish ( southern spain ) it 's interesting to note that no language in the sample employs the - 1 0 + 1 system . and the majority of asymmetrical systems are lop-sided towards the + side of the present diurnal span . why this should be so , i do n't know . however , this sample is very small and perhaps a larger sample would show no such lop-sidedness towards the + """""""" today """""""" side . are the languages that show a lop-sidedness in a state of change ? most languages have a symmetrical vowel system e . g . the same number of front vowels as back vowels . however , there are quite a number of languages with asymmetrical vowel systems . what lies behind this asymmetry ? the answer to this question may lie in the following scenario [ from : crowley , t . ( 1992 ) an introduction to historical linguistics , oup , pp . 200-201 ] suppose that in a language with a nice symmetrical five vowel system : i u e o a the vowel / e / beocomes raised towards / i / and ultimately merges merges with / i / . the resulting asymmetrical system : i u o a will put structural pressure on the system , and , in time , it would not be surprising to see / o / merging with / u / . if a system becomes asymmetrical ( or uneven ) so as to create some sort of ` gap ' , then a change is likely to take place as a way of plugging that ` gap ' , thereby re-establishing an even ( or symmetrical ) system . if this is indeed a natural process in phonological systems , perhaps analogous processes occur in other systems , like temporal deictic systems . a language with an asymmetrical temporal deictic system may be in the process of historical change and the ` gap ' plugged in due time . japanese may be a language that is in the process of losing its + 3 deictic term . if this is indeed the case , it would be interesting to see whether , in due course , this """""""" imbalance """""""" is """""""" balanced """""""" again by the loss of its - 3 deictic term . i do n't know how valid any of this is , i ' m just speculating . anyway , back to symmetry . the most symmetrical system of all is that found in hindi : tarso - 4 narso - 3 parso - 2 kal - 1 aaj 0 present diurnal span kal ( bihaan ) + 1 parso + 2 narso + 3 tarso + 4 where there are not only an equal number expressions for diurnal units either side of """""""" today """""""" , but the expressions on either side are the same . distinction between """""""" before today """""""" and """""""" after today """""""" is made through use of past or future tense of the verb . in looking at a language 's temporal deictic system i guess we must not fail to take account of a number of important linguistic / cultural aspects . among these would be : * the culture 's view of time . is it a linear view or a cyclical view ? * the language 's tense / aspect systems . * the historical development of its deictic expressions in short , we can't study deictics in isolation . we must look at how it meshes grammatically with the language . i would be very interested in any of your views on the reasons for symmetry and asymmetry we find in this area of deixis . also , if you are interested in adding to my list of languages , i 'd be very grateful to receive your contribution . thanks again to all those generous people who sent me so much interesting data and opinions . yours today , tomorrow and . . . jan tent department of literature and language school of humanities the university of the south pacific p . o . box 1168 suva fiji tel : ( 679 ) 313900 ext . 2263 fax : ( 679 ) 305053 e - mail : tent _ j @ usp . ac . fj = 09
  """",0
  1046,""""Subject: sum : greek l1
   
   content - length : 1735 a couple of weeks ago i asked the list for references to greek l1 acquisition . i got a number of responses , all pointing to the same few authors : ianthi - maria tsimply ( 1992 ) """""""" funtional categories and maturation : the prefunctional stage of language acquisition . """""""" phd thesis , ulc ursula stephany ( 1985 ) aspekt , tempus , modalitaet . tuebingen : narr _ _ _ _ ( 1995 ) the acquisition of modern greek . in d . i . slobin ( ed ) crosslinguistic study of language acquisition , vol . 4 _ _ _ _ data in childes gaberel drachman dealt with phonologial aspects of greek l1 in the 70 's ; papers are presumably published in the ohio working papers and in austrian phonologica during that time . i would like to thank neil smith , bob ingria , heike behrens , dan slobin wim zonneveld , yorgos xydopoulos and harriet jisa for their help . ( the order of my thanks is due to the order the mesages came in : ) susanne dopke ( phd ) linguistics monash university clayton vic 3168 australia ph : 61 - 3-9052298 fax : 61 - 3-9052294
  """",0
  1047,""""Subject: n-ary comparison
   
   ( 1 ) very strongly support alexis mr 's message on n-ary comparison being stronger than binary comparison . as real minds work , it is the pragmatics of not going down false trails which is at issue . i am puzzled only by what he mentions as an exceptional case , that is , how ternary comparison could * * * ever * * * be worse than binary . even if a third language is included which is more divergent , has more loan vocabulary , or whatever , and therefore poses extra problems or barriers . that is not a consequence of the ternary status in the comparison , because if the same language were included as one member of a binary comparison , the same problems would presumably be there . ( 2 ) i did not respond earlier only because of lack of time . the preference for n-ary comparison , the claim that n-ary is only a multiple of binary , is obviously false , just as the notion that one should not be engaging in comparison if one needs to use a dictionary is obviously false ( alice faber answered that one , that if that restriction had been enforced , our knowledge would be far less than it now securely is ) . both of these supposed restrictions are for the convenience of the linguist analyst , artificially restricting the data available so as to make it seem as if the analyst 's knowledge is more complete for the task than it is , and give a greater ( but artificial ) sense of psychological security . it goes along with the statement by some historical linguists that they """""""" never want to make a mistake """""""" . of course none of us do , but some are willing to in order to advance knowledge , and even those who do not want to cannot make themselves immune . the very act of disregarding data which is """""""" too far afield """""""" can sometimes lead to mistakes . always possible when trying to * discover * answers when we do not know the answers in advance . rather , we are all human , and gigantic problems will be beyond any of us to completely solve ( attempts at partial solutions do not imply guilt or wrongdoing ) . this in no way implies we should not attempt to solve those problems . we should be tolerant of others ' efforts and use the best part of them , always . ( 3 ) j """""""" org knappen 's suggestion of """""""" families , classes , and orders """""""" a la the biologists does seem useful . can we have suggestions as to clues when we should use one or the other of such terms ? presumably some more sophisticated measure of degree of shared genetic material would be most analogous to the biological usages , rather than a simple lexicostatistical measure ? lloyd anderson
  """",0
  1048,""""Subject: job : applied linguist
   
   date wed , 25 jan 95 10 : 12 : 43 cst from """""""" ronald w . long """""""" ( rwlong @ cmsuvmb ) subject position announcement to """""""" robert ( bob ) yates """""""" ( ryates @ cmsuvmb ) message - id ( 950125 . 101313 . cst . rwlong @ cmsuvmb ) assistant professor of tesl and applied linguistics central missouri state university department of english & philosophy , warrensburg , mo 64093 assistant professor of teaching english as a second language and applied linguistics . tenure track position to start august 1995 . ph . d . required . interest and experience in teaching and classroom - research in academic esl courses , linguistics , tesl methodology , and applied linguistics in a developing ma-tesl program . 12 hour teaching load . salary dependent upon qualification and experience . send letter of application describing experience and specialization , vita , transcripts , and three letters of recommendation to david smith , chair . applications acknowledged ; women and minorities encouraged to apply . review of applications begins on march 1 , 1995 and continues until filled . aa / eeo / ada . note : for further information electronically contact : ron long ( rwlong @ cmsuvmb . cmsu . edu ) .
  """",0
  1049,""""Subject: language and species
   
   a few posts on the subject have pleased me : i am perhaps not alone in having eccentric beliefs about non-human languages . it had started when i was hoping , after finishing my phd , to work on dolphins ' language ; it had continued when i read , somewhere , that the deaf 's sign language was not a language ( how did those people whom i saw meeting regularly in the pub down the road communicate , then , if they did not have a language ? i often envied them being stone deaf - - cursed with hearing as i am , i dislike noisy pubs and restaurants ) . a that stage , it got me thinking that """""""" proper """""""" human language dealt with encoding an n-dimensional conceptual universe into one-dimensional strings ( perhaps with a degenerate dimension extra , if you pay attention to prosodic features ) . that , sign language , on the other hand , encoded it into definitely two dimensions or more - - even though i could not figure out how many , let alone which , having found so little in the literature ( just as anyone doing linguistics should know at least a few foreign languages , perhaps , perhaps they should know at least some sign language , and have practiced it . when i say """""""" perhaps """""""" i mean """""""" definitely """""""" , of course . """""""" perhaps """""""" is a euphemism , a weak excuse for not having taken the time to learn and practice sign language ) . later , about dolphins ' languages , no * cetacean * in this case , i read , somewhere , the circumstances under which orcs had learnt to avoid boats equipped with harpoon guns , which seemed to mean that they must have been """""""" told """""""" how to recognize them by the first to meet those boats for the first time . this seemed too efficient . you just try to explain to someone how to recognize a contraption never encountered before . no paper and pencil , just words . misunderstandings galore . that got me thinking about another possible form of communication . cetaceans """""""" see """""""" by sonar , like bats . they communicate , we read , by sound , in a very wide range ( a few hertz to 100khz or more if memory serves ) . what if they actually communicated by * projecting * sonar images then ? paintings as it were , along with stylized representations . animated too , that 's quite possible . later again , i tied that in with what some will tell you about the intelligence of birds , how some mynah birds seem to understand a few words and use them in the proper context . the complexity of bird songs . the hopelessness of some schemes dreamt up to find out if animals communicated through language strikes me now . putting birds , or whatever , in different cages or pens , training one set to push the third lever from the left to get food ; see if they communicate their discovery to the those in the other pen . if they communicate by projected sonar image we are looking for the needle in the haystack . by song modulation , ditto . there would be , at any rate , dozens , nay , hundreds of ways of explaining """""""" push the third lever """""""" . how would * you * say """""""" lever """""""" if you had never had anything like it in your environment ? """""""" third """""""" ? """""""" from the left """""""" ? so even if they jabbered in a human-like language , one phoneme after the other , we would have a very hard time of spotting their exchange . you know the story about how they said """""""" piano """""""" in beach - la - mar : """""""" big fella box , he got black and white teeth , missus belong white master he fight ' im belong him , box he cry now """""""" . there 's more than one way to say """""""" piano """""""" that way ! i have , then , come to this notion that , when we meet non-human , sentient beings , we probably won't recognize the fact . that those definitions ( and redefinitions ) of language as human language with these and those features , and if it has n't got it then it is n't language , are utterly uninteresting . they would be at best entirely useless , only vacuous tautologies ( is n't that self-referencing ! ) . but in fact they can only be obnoxious , leading to methods incapable of recognizing and analyzing """""""" non-human """""""" languages . such as asl ( insert a sarcastic smiley here ) . to conclude on a related theme . i keep reading how the reconstructed vocal tract of neanderthals shows that they could not have a full language , because . . . blah blah ( i really am loath to repeat the argument ) . how about the vocal tract of a parrot , reconstructed from its skeleton ? j . guy @ trl . oz . au
  """",0
  1050,""""Subject: 
   
   phonology & phonetics burquest , donald a . and david l . payne ; phonological analysis : a functional approach : pb . : isbn : 0-88312 - 608 - 7 ; viii , 179 pp . ; $ 19 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics . burquest and payne have produced an introductory textbook oriented primarily to students interested in previously unstudied or little studied languages and who need a practical guide on how to carry out their investigation . it gives a broad base of exposure to the kind of phonological phenomena found in a range of languages . internet : academic . books @ sil . org textbook , phonology note : [ price correction for the book below ] watt , david l . e . the phonology and semology of intonation in english : an instrumental and systemic perspective . 1994 . 192 pp . 6x9 book . prepaid us $ 22 . 00 + 3 . 50 p&h ( us ) / 5 . 00 ( can ) / 5 . 50 ( other ) . iulc publications , 720 e . atwater ave . , bloomington in 47401 . < iulc . indiana . edu > watt presents an extensive study of intonation and its meaning potential from a systemic functional perspective , advancing halliday 's description of intonation . includes over 250 instrumentally derived illustrations of examples from original tape recordings , cited examples , and recordings of casual conversations . ( a previous posting to the list contained an incorrect price for the book . we regret any inconvenience . ) syntax harms , phillip l . ; epena pedee syntax : studies in the languages of colombia 4 ; pb . : isbn : 0-88312 - 276 - 6 ; xiv , 213 pp . $ 27 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics and university of texas arlington . the author describes the major grammatical structures of the language from morphology through discourse , with an introductory phonological sketch . epena pedee is an ergative-absolutive language , but one in which the subject has an important role , in that it manifests number agreement with the verb . internet : academic . books @ sil . org syntax , colombia wiering , elizabeth and marinus wiering ; the doyayo language : selected studies ; pb . : isbn : 0-88312 - 620 - 6 ; x , 299 pp . $ 28 . 00 summer institute of linguistics and university of texas arlington . doyayo is the language of about 15 , 000 people in northern cameroon . using a descriptive linguistic approach , the wierings cover phonology , structure of indicative verbs , some major systactic structures on levels from morpheme through discourse , and some features of folktales . internet : academic . books @ sil . org syntax , phonology , cameroon cope , pamela ; introductory grammar : a stratificational approach ; pb . ; isbn : 1-55671 - 001 - 1 ; ix , 113 pp . ; $ 12 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics . cope presents a clear exposition of stratificational grammar , intended primarily for beginning linguistic students . internet : academic . books @ sil . org textbook , syntax semantics berman , stephen r . ( university of massachusetts , amherst ) ; on the semantics and logical form of wh - clauses , pb . xiii + 279 pp . ph . d . dissertation , 1991 . $ 16 + s / h ( $ 3 domestic , $ 4 foreign surface ) . graduate linguistic student association ( glsa ) , university of massachusetts , amherst . this dissertation proposes a semantically dichotomous analysis of wh-clauses as denoting either questions or quantified propositions , depending on syntactic context ( in certain cases additionally influenced by lexical properties ) . behavior under quantificational adverbs provides the primary diagnostic tool and motivates analysing wh-phrases as inherently nonquantified open sentences , following the heim / kamp treatment of indefinites . restrictions on wh-phrase quantifiability , which it is argued interacts with presupposition , motivate the semantic dichotomy . additionally , the quantified interpretation is argued not to involve inherent exhaustiveness . contact glsa @ linguist . umass . edu for more info .
  """",0
  1051,""""Subject: 
   
   lang classification grimes , joseph e . and barbara f . grimes ; ethnologue language family index ; pb . isbn : 0-88312 - 708 - 3 ; vi , 116 pp . ; $ 14 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics . this companion volume to ethnologue : languages of the world , twelfth edition lists language families of the world with sub-groups shown in a tree arrangement under the broadest classification of language family . the language family index facilitates locating language names in the ethnologue , making the data there more accessible . internet : academic . books @ sil . org languages , reference lang & culture gregerson , marilyn ; ritual , belief , and kinship in sulawesi ; pb . : isbn : 0-88312 - 621 - 4 ; ix , 194 pp . ; $ 25 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics . seven articles discuss five language groups in sulawesi , indonesia ; the primary focus is on cultural matters , with some linguistic content . topics include traditional religion and beliefs , certain ceremonies , and kinship . internet : academic . books @ sil . org language and society , indonesia computers & ling weber , david j . , stephen r . mcconnel , diana d . weber , and beth j . bryson ; primer : a tool for developing early reading materials ; pb . : isbn : 0-88313 - 678 - 8 ; xvi , 266 pp . + ms-dos software ; $ 26 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics . the authors present a computer program and instructions for developing reading materials in languages with little or no background in literacy . the book is structured as a how-to manual with step by step procedures to establish an appropriate primer sequence and to organize words , phrases , and sentences that correlate with the sequence . it presupposes a thorough knowledge of linguistics . internet : academic . books @ sil . org literacy , computer
  """",0
  1052,""""Subject: innateness
   
   i made the following claim in my 22 - dec-94 posting : """""""" if x happens because y is innate , then this is a perfectly valid explanation for x 's occurrence ; if x happens for some other reason , then it 's not valid . """""""" i thought that this claim , being tautologous ( if we know what causes x , then we ' ve got an explanation for it ) , required no justification , but apparently i was wrong , since david powers ( 13 - jan-95 ) objects , on the basis that ` """""""" innateness """""""" amounts to saying """""""" because it [ ' ] s a fact of life """""""" . . . and saying that """""""" we are born with it """""""" is not an explanation . ' that is , apparently , even if we know that we are born with y , and that x happens because of this , we still have n't explained x 's occurrence . huh ? ( granted , we may now want to explain why """""""" we are born with y """""""" , too . but surely we ' ve got an explanation of some sort here , however partial it ultimately turns out be . and it 's got to be better than the relevant alternative : x happens because we learn x on the basis of """""""" general learning principles """""""" . ) i do think he has a legitimate objection to something , however , as discussed below . but first : perhaps i can put it another way , as i have elsewhere in the context of a fuller discussion ( """""""" on explaining the phoneme : why ( some of ) phonology { \ bf is } natural """""""" , bls 11 : 25-38 ( 1985 ) , p . 31 ) : a claim about innateness ( or lack thereof ) ` . . . should [ be ] evaluate [ d ] on the same basis [ as any other ] : does the evidence support the claim about innateness or does it not ? it would be just as wrong to claim that something that is innate is not , as to claim that something that is not innate is ' . it is true that making a claim about innatenes without evidence reveals """""""" laziness of the mind """""""" , but so does making a claim about lack of innateness . powers continues : ` . . . the science comes when we show ( a ) the sufficiency ; ( b ) the necessity & ( c ) the source of the posited [ innate ] constructs . ug is concentrating on ( a ) and there is a tendency to deprecate those who are interested in ( b ) and ( c ) - which go beyond the bound set by innateness . ' if ` ug ' really is out there running around making innateness claims solely on the basis of sufficiency arguments ( and i do n't doubt that some folks do this , alas ) , then i can understand why innateness has gotten a bad name . translating into syllogism-ese , such an argument would have the following form : """""""" y is innate """""""" entails x ; x is true ; therefore y is innate . logicians have a name for arguments of this form : """""""" affirming the consequent """""""" ; this is a classical logical fallacy . but , while individual practicioners may be guilty as charged , it is at least not always the case that innateness claims are made with disregard for ( b ) : arguments from """""""" the poverty of the stimulus """""""" , the unavailability of negative ( ungrammaticality ) evidence , and the ( alleged ) lack of errors by children that violate structure dependency are all clearly cases in point . ( see , e . g . , chomsky 's _ reflections on language _ . ) note further that my requirement in the above quote is stronger than requiring just ( a ) and ( b ) : """""""" y causes x """""""" entails """""""" y is necessary and sufficient for x """""""" , but not vice versa ( e . g . , if z causes both y and x ) . and , while i agree that deciding to pursue ( c ) should not be grounds for deprecation , neither should , i would think , deciding not to pursue it . this elephant is too big for any one """""""" blind man """""""" to figure out alone ! don churma , dept . of english , ball state univeristy , muncie , in 47306
  """",0
  1053,""""Subject: n - ary vs . binary
   
   lloyd anderson asks how n-ary ( for n greater than 2 ) comparison could ever be worse than binary . consider the problem of heads and tails when we toss coins . what are the chances of two coins ( standing for two languages obviously ) both coming up the same ( i . e . , both heads or both tails ) when tossed once ? since there are four possible outcomes of the binary toss , namely , hh , ht , tt , and th , and only two where both come up the same , the chances are 50 % . but now consider what happens when we toss three coins ( standing for three languages ) . since a coin only has two sides , in each possible outcome at least two of the coins come up the same . so the chances of 2 out of 3 coming up the same ( which would correspond to saying let two out of three languages agree in something and then they are related ) are 100 % ( which means this is not a valid test for relatedness ) . of course , if we had wanted all 3 out 3 to come up the same , then the situation would be drastically different , but in linguistics n-ary comparison never to my knowledge involves such a requirement . however , the only reason that n-ary comparison does so poorly here is that ( a ) there are only two possible outcomes per language , i . e . , languages come in only two varieties , and ( b ) the number of languages being compared is small ( only three ) . the ( a ) part is the one where real linguistic applications are drastically different from our little coin-tossing game ( since when you look for language relationships , you are looking at hundreds or thousands or maybe even more possibilities , not two , because you are looking at phonological shapes of morphemes mostly , and these allow lots of possibilities , at least thousands ) . so in the real situations that alone insures that n-ary comparison is better than binary . but it is also true that if you increase the number of coins ( languages ) in ( b ) , that also has the same effect . but you still have to be careful : the main concern is that given n languages being compared you must worry about how many out of the n are required to agree and about not making that number too small ( if you do , then again chance tends to take over ) . which raises a question : is there any published work on comparing languages which explicitly calculates these numbers ( and does it right ) ? alexis mr
  """",0
  1054,""""Subject: re : 6 . 108 sum : words that are their own opposites ( part 2 )
   
   i ' ve been enjoying the discussion of words that are their own antonyms . at first i thought the classic example of latin altus """""""" high """""""" or """""""" deep """""""" might fit in , but as i thought about it i figured it was just unmarked for point of view ( say when cleaning out an empty swimming pool then """""""" deep """""""" becomes """""""" high """""""" ) so i just looked to see if it was on the list and got a comment . no . good . but one that i have long wondered about is """""""" risk """""""" as in """""""" he risked winning the game """""""" . i was shocked ( as a teenager ) the first time i saw """""""" he risked losing the game """""""" ( or something like that ) in print , because i previously thought ( and am still inclined toward ) the complement of risk being the desirable result , not the undesirable one . whether or not this fits into this discussion , i wonder if anyone else has had a similar ( or opposite ) reaction or any thoughts about what 's going on in the case of """""""" risk """""""" . benji
  """",0
  1055,""""Subject: s . hattori dies
   
   this is the english version of the official announcement released for the japanese press on the afternoon of february 1 , 1995 . - - kazuto matsumura january 31 , 1995 it is with great sorrow and regret that , on behalf of his family , we have to inform you that our respected teacher , the linguist dr . shiro hattori , member of the japan academy , passed away , at the age of eighty-six at 0 : 03 o ' clock , january 29th , 1995 , after a long illness . we would like to inform his friends that the funeral will take place at the sennichidai kaido ( 19 minami - motomachi , shinjuku - ku , tokyo , japan 160 ; tel 3-3353 - 4541 , fax 3-3360 - 6714 ) , at 13 : 00 o ' clock , february 16 . the service will be non-denominational . we would be grateful if you could pray with us that his soul may rest in peace . sincerely yours , hajime kitamura , the chairman funeral service committee
  """",0
  1056,""""Subject: """""""" sycopahnt """""""" and """""""" sign of the fig """"""""
   
   the responses to my recent enquiry about the word """""""" sycophant """""""" and the """""""" sign of the fig """""""" were very interesting and varied . in view of this , instead of summarizing the responses i am forwarding them with minor editing : figs were first introduced in greece as expensive ( and therefore prestigious status symbols ) so that to own a fig tree was a big deal and waiting for the tree to come to fruit-bearing age and pick the fruit itself an even bigger deal . security was often low ( no electric street lights ) and so often non fig owners indulged in stealing figs ( it was probably a daredevil act too ) . so , it was decreed that anyone caught stealing figs was a crime and rewards were given to those who revealed ( phanein ) the fig ( syko ) thieves . of course , since the pilferers were probably less happy about being finked on than the fig owners , the term ' fig revealer / shower ' took on very negative connotation . it 's one thing to be steal badly and get caught ( 'd eservedly ' for botching up ) but quite another to be told on : and so goes on the lore about how sycophant came to be ( still used in modern greek , as it is in english ) but i cannot swear on its authenticity . at least that 's what we were taught in primary ( athens ) . jenny dalalakis , mcgill university , linguistics , e-mail bgbi @ musicb . mcgill . ca * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the sign of the fig is a highly insulting hand gesture used , so far as i know , in italy ( perhaps in other places , too . ) it is made by making a fist , with the thumb inserted between the index and middle fingers . the gesture represents th e female genitalia . a photograph of someone making the sign of the fig appears in the book gestures , a book of some ten to fifteen years ago illustrating and explaining various gestures , not just insulting ones , from a number of cul - tures . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * in dante 's inferno , the sign of the fig is a sign of disrespect , in this case aimed at god ( presumably because of the forbidden apple / fig thing . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * . . . by the sign of the fig you mean a gesture , quite common in many european cultures , where you put your thumb between the first 2 fingers . originally this was symbol for sexual intercourse and therefore an obscene sign . ( """""""" fig """""""" is one of the euphemisms for the female genital . ) i know from a viennese dialect dictionary that the sign used to be current hereabouts , but it is not widely used now , whereas in italy and esp . in russia ( as to greece , i forget ) it is very current now . in russian it has lost its original obscene meaning and means simply something like """""""" not at all """""""" or """""""" you are pretending to work while you are not """""""" or """""""" the hell you do """""""" . though not indecent . . still indecent . according to barbara monahan , ( a dictionary of russian gestures ) , """""""" this is one of the most widely used gestures in the soviet union . . . . it is not at all indecent or vulgar . it is really the nonverbal equivalent of a very strong """""""" no """""""" . ( p . 86 ) ( among adults it can be insulting . ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the etymology of sycophant is sukon ' fig ' and phainen ' to show ' . the story is that at one time it was supposedly against the law to export figs from athens and sukophantes often turned in violators of the unpopular law for their own personal gain , these toadies being widely despised . in a word , sycophants were originally informers on fig exporters . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the sign of the fig , also known by its latin name , """""""" manus ficus """""""" , was and apparently still is a mediterranean equivalent of the north american """""""" giving the finger """""""" insult . it is formed by placing the thumb between the index and middle fingers of the closed , fist . interestingly , in the american manual alphabet , it is the handshape representing the letter """""""" t """""""" , but is avoided in the manual alphabets of many countries and replaced by other similar but less offensive handshapes . according to _ the hand book _ ( linda lee and james charlton , prentice - hall , 1980 ) , """""""" the / fica / or fig sign is an ancient copulatory gesture . here the thumb is thrust between the forefinger and the middle finger of the same hand , simulating the penis thrust through a woman 's labia . ( . . . ) it is called the / fica / or fig because the inserted thumb is about the size and shape of the fig , which , being an ancient symbol of abundance , carried with it a sense of virility and fecundity to the / mano in fica / . ( . . . ) """""""" ( page 70 ) . i do n't know anything about the semantic evolution of the word , but informally , i can see how the present meaning of sycophant would apply to the kind of person who would hang around on the sidelines of the action at a trial , making rude gestures at an accused , deriving the right to do so by associating him / herself with the people in power who were judging the case . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * i seem to vaguely remember from my high school days that a sycophant was someone who kept an eye on the fig trees to make sure that no one stole the fruit . now , when someone was taken to court , because allegedly they had stolen figs , the sycophant would provide evidence against them by pushing aside the fig leaves and showing that some figs had been removed ! unfortunately , i cannot remember why it was a crime to cut the fruit of the fig trees ! were they intended to be offered to gods ? that could be a possible reason why they were so precious . i cann ' t remember really . . . incidentally , sycophantis in modern greek means the ' one who presents in court or in public unfounded accusations against someone ' . this probably relates to the fear of ancient athenians that someone might ' throw ' at them accusations that they would n't have been able to cope with , since a sycophant 's testimony was not to be questioned in any way . phantis in greek is an agent ; it does not mean the sign , but the person who presents something or makes something known . for example , ierophantis means someone who unravels the sacred signs of gods , i . e . a seer or prophet . modern greek has got both a verb sycopha ' nto and an abstract noun sycopha ' ntia . one last bit of ethnographic detail : it is or at least used to be common practice in greece to cut figs from trees without considering issues of who the tree / farm belongs to ! it is believed that fig trees just grow on their own without any special care and therefore do not belong to anybody . thanks for the opportunity to switch back to my mother tongue for a while ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * sykophantes ist ein verbales rektionskompositum aus """""""" phaino : to sukon """""""" ( to point at the figs ) , das zum erstenmal bei aristophanes acharner 559 ( 425 v . chr . ) auftritt . sein urspruenglicher sinn ist schon in der antike umstritten , vgl . lidell - scott , s . v . : sykophantes ist ein verbales rektionskompositum aus """""""" phaino : to su : kon """""""" ( to point at the figs ) , das zum erstenmal bei aristophanes , ach . 559 ( 425 v . chr . ) auftritt . sein urspruenglicher sinn ist schon in der antike umstritten , vgl . lidell - scott , s . v . : """""""" orig . used of denouncers of the attempted export of figs from athens acc . to . . . plu . solon 24 , 2 . 523b ; . . . of citizens entrusted with the collection of figs as a part of public revenues etc . . . . these and modern explanations are mere guesses . """""""" ebenfalls bei aristophanes ( pax 1350 ) findet sich der erste beleg fuer suykon = pudenda muliebra und das feminum sukopha ' ntria mit komischer bedeutung ( """""""" eine frau die ihr su : kon sehen laesst """""""" , plut . 970 ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * do you have eric partridge 's _ origins _ ? if not , let me know . it has a bit of stuff in it that is more clearly expressed than oed . jon from """""""" origins """""""" by eric partridge : """""""" orig such an informer as denounced those who sold contraband figs or who stole fruit from the sacred fig-trees , as the ancients explained it ; a rogue , because . . . he was addicted to the indecent gesture . . . """""""" * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * thanks again , richard blucher blucher @ umbc2 . umbc . edu
  """",0
  1057,""""Subject: ceth summer seminar on electronic texts in the humanities
   
   electronic texts in the humanities : methods and tools the fourth annual ceth summer seminar , 11-23 june 1995 , princeton university organized by center for electronic texts in the humanities , princeton and rutgers universities and co-sponsored by centre for computing in the humanities , university of toronto seminar directors : susan hockey , center for electronic texts in the humanities willard mccarty , centre for computing in the humanities an intensive two-week seminar is again being offered by the center for electronic texts in the humanities ( ceth ) in june 1995 . the seminar will address a wide range of challenges and opportunities that electronic texts and software offer to teachers , scholars , and librarians in the humanities . the focus will be practical and methodological , with the immediate aim of assisting participants in their teaching , research and advising . in response to demand , we are expanding the seminar in 1995 to allow for sixty participants . there will be plenary sessions and six parallel tracks devoted to specific areas of humanities computing . participants attend all plenary sessions and select one parallel track for more detailed study . they will work on their own projects and will have the opportunity to present them at the end of the seminar . schedule ( pl = plenary session ) sunday , june 11 6 pm registration , reception and introductions . monday , june 12 am pl : what electronic texts are and where to find them pm pl : creating and capturing texts in electronic form ; tuesday , june 13 am pl : introduction to concordances and text retrieval pm pl : overview of the text encoding initiative and sgml wednesday , june 14 am pl : large text databases . artfl . dartmouth dante project , oed pm parallel tracks thursday , june 15 am pl : electronic editions and scholarly publishing ( panel ) . pm parallel tracks friday , june 16 am pl : introduction to structured databases . pm parallel tracks monday , june 19 am pl : hypertext for the humanities . pm parallel tracks tuesday , june 20 am pl : overview of digital imaging techniques . demonstrations . pm individual project work . wednesday , june 21 am pl : institutional support for electronic texts ( panel ) . pm parallel tracks thursday , june 22 am pl : discussion on the limitations of existing software . pm pl : presentation of participants ' projects . 6 pm cocktails and banquet . friday , june 23 am pl : presentation of participants ' projects . pm pl : concluding discussion of basic questions . what from a scholarly and methodological perspective is to be gained ? parallel tracks 1 . textual analysis an intensive study of textual analysis tools and their applications . indexed interactive retrieval vs batch concordance generation . using tact and micro - ocp . applications : stylistics , corpus linguistics , literary criticism , instructors : susan hockey , center for electronic texts in the humanities willard mccarty , centre for computing in the humanities 2 . text encoding initiative ( tei ) and sgml using the tei 's application of the standard generalized markup language ( sgml ) . document structure and sgml elements , dtds sgml entities , tei core tags and base tag sets , tei header , additional tag sets . processing tei encoded texts . instructor : c . m . sperberg - mcqueen , editor - in - chief of the tei . 3 . scholarly editing computer tools for the preparation and publication of scholarly editions . transcription and computer imaging of sources ; collation ; use of the tei guidelines for scholarly editions ; making hypertext electronic editions instructor : peter robinson , oxford university centre for humanities computing . 4 . hypertext for the humanities an introduction to developing hypertexts for the humanities . building and using hypercard stacks and world wide web documents . design and use of example hypertexts . examination of their role in humanities research and teaching . instructor : geoffrey rockwell , head of humanities computing , mcmaster univ 5 . tools for historical analysis a survey of the methods most frequently used by historians in their computer-aided teaching and research , focusing on database and statistical processing , also content analysis , corpus creation and image processing . instructor : daniel greenstein , senior lecturer in modern history , glasgow univ 6 . setting up an electronic text center the practical aspects of setting up and managing electronic text centers . hardware and software for stand-alone and networked resources , collection development , training , budget , licensing , and institutional relations . instructor : anita lowry , head of the information arcade , university of iowa details dates : june 11-23 , 1995 cost : $ 1275 for nonstudents . $ 1075 for students . the fee includes tuition , use of computer facilities , printed seminar materials , opening reception , lunches ( monday through friday both weeks ) , and a closing banquet . payment is requested at the time of acceptance . location : princeton university , the fourth oldest college in north america , was founded in 1746 . during their stay , seminar participants have access to the university 's extensive computing systems , as well as the princeton art museum and the library system which houses about five million books , and nearly 35 , 000 journals , manuscripts , and papyri . all classrooms , lab facilities , and dormitories are within walking distance on the historic and picturesque princeton , new jersey campus . accommodation : bed and breakfast accommodation is available princeton university student housing facilities at a cost of $ 25 per day . ceth will assist participants in finding hotel accommodations if preferred . application enrollment is limited to sixty participants . application requires two parts : a cover sheet and a statement of interest . current students applying for the reduced rate must also include a photocopy of their valid student id . e - mail submissions must have the subject line """""""" summer seminar application . """""""" applications will be reviewed by a committee consisting of members of ceth 's governing board . on your cover sheet include : your name , current institutional affiliation and your position , postal and e-mail addresses , telephone and fax numbers , natural language interest and computing experience , and parallel tracks you are interested in attending , listed in order of preference . you may indicate up to three parallel tracks . if your first choice is full , you will be assigned to your second choice and so on . in statement of interest include how your participation in the seminar would be relevant for your teaching , research , advising , or administrative work , and possibly that of your colleagues ; what particular project you would like to undertake during the seminar or what area of the humanities your would like most to explore ; and the extent of your computing experience . application deadline : february 21 , 1995 notification of acceptance by march 21 , 1995 send all applications to : ceth summer seminar 1995 , center for electronic texts in the humanities , 169 college avenue , new brunswick , new jersey 08903 u . s . a . phone : 908 / 932-1384 ; fax : 908 / 932-1386 ; e - mail ceth @ zodiac . rutgers . edu [ a longer version of this notice is on the ceth www server at http : / / cethmac . princeton . edu ]
  """",0
  1058,""""Subject: specialization in brazilian indigenous languages
   
   specialization in brazilian indigenous languages this specialization program intends to prepare linguists to do research on indigenous languages from brazil providing intensive training on methodologies for description and analysis of data as well as on the evaluation and reanalysis of published and unpublished materials on brazilian indigenous languages . the program will be developed in the national museum of the federal university of rio de janeiro between august / 95 and june / 96 . four courses will be taught : 1 . phonetic and phonological systems of brazilian indigenous languages ; 2 . morphosyntactic features of brazilian indigenous languages ; 3 . phonological analysis of brazilian indigenous languages ; 4 . morphological and syntactic analysis of brazilian indigenous languages ; instructors will be the following faculty members of the linguistic division of the department of anthropology of the national museum : bruna franchetto , doctor in social antropology ( federal university of rio de janeiro ) ; charlotte emmerich , doctor in linguistics ( federal university of rio de janeiro ) ; marilia faco soares , doctor in sciences ( state university of campinas - unicamp ) ; yonne de freitas leite , doctor in linguistics ( university of texas , austin ) ; marcia maria damaso vieira , doctor in sciences ( state university of campinas - unicamp ) ; marcus maia , doctor in linguistics ( university of southern california ) - ethnographic and sociolinguistic aspects of brazilian indigenous languages . applications will be accepted during july / 96 and must include the following documents : 1 . copy of undergraduate degree ; 2 . curriculum vitae ; 3 . 2 letters of recommendation ; 4 . registration fee ; 5 . two photos . selection of 20 candidates will be based on cv analysis and personal interview . for further information , please contact : maia @ vms1 . nce . ufrj . br
  """",0
  1059,""""Subject: wkshp : * early * i - e ( = ) uralic interactions
   
   i am organizing a combination colloquium and working seminar which is planned to take place in oulu finland just after the jyvaskyla 8th internat ' l fenno - ugric congress ( fu8 runs thru 15 august ' 95 ) . entitled """""""" the peopling ( s ) of the north , """""""" this gathering is intended to convoke roughly 30-40 scholars to discuss the archaeological , bioanthropological , ethnographic ( including comparative myth / religion / folkways etc ) , and * linguistic * data , concepts , and methods as these all inter-relate and bear on the question of the development of the sundry peoples of scandinavia , fenno - karelia , northwest russia , and the northern circum - urals . this gathering is to aid idea exchange among specialists in the domains pertinent to reconstruction of the ( pre ) historical events and processes involved in the peopling ( s ) of this region . those in each speciality will be required to speak to their ignorances , i . e . , to come prepared to discuss * not * what they already know , but to point out what they really would * like * to know from those in the other specialities . the aim is to avoid the presentation of set-pieces and to foment exploration of the many possible ways in which each of the various ( pre ) historical disciplines can feed from the others . my collaborators in this venture ( norbert strade , historically and archaeologically inclined linguist , in aarhus dk ; milton nunez , ethnologically and geographically inclined archaeologist in oulu ) and i have a long list of probable participants . however , we feel that there is a distinct under - representation as regards indo - europeanist linguistics . those i - eists of our acquaintance who are interested in pre - i - e substrate effects in northern europe , possible early i - e and f - u interactions in the north ( or elsewhere ) , and other intriguing themes of relevance to our plans , cannot make it to oulu in august . thus i am sending this request . if anyone is interested , please contact me . nb - the time frame for us begins with the repopulation of the north as the last ice age retreated , hence less than 10 , 000bp . all discussion of i - e ( = ) uralic interactions and / or relations grounded in posits of macro-families &c with roots in ` deep time ' therefore falls outside the scope of our plans . i hope to hear from you . ken jacobs voice : ( 514 ) 343-6490 [ office ] assoc . prof . ( 514 ) 685-2349 [ home ] departement d ' anthropologie fax : ( 514 ) 343-2494 universite de montreal e-mail : jacobsk @ ere . umontreal . ca cp 6128 / succ . centre - ville montreal pq h3c 3j7 canada
  """",0
  1060,""""Subject: conference announcement and call for papers
   
   content - length : 3132 conference announcement and call for papers 11th annual meeting of the language origins society july 28 - aug 1 , 1995 janus pannonius university , pecs , hungary papers on all aspects of the origin and evolution of signed and spoken languages are welcome . since progress in this field of research is best achieved through a multidisciplinary approach , the los and the organizers of this meeting are anxious to enlist the combined efforts of all interested scholars , especially those of anthropologists , archaeologists , biologists , cognitive scientists , ethologists , linguists , palaeontologists , and psychologists . a selection of the papers presented at this meeting will be published as soon as possible . those who wish to present a paper ( los membership is not a prerequisite ) are kindly requested to send a 300 - word abstract to the organizers . computer users are asked to send their texts in electronic format on 3 . 5 """""""" diskettes preferably processed with wordperfect or ms - word . downloading electronic files is also possible ( and indeed preferred ) , though authors using non - ascii characters in their texts are advised to send their abstracts on diskettes . the standard registration fee will be us $ 50 . 00 , the student us $ 25 . 00 . special arrangements have been made for lodging and some of the meals : in the venue of the los meeting : the total cost for six nights starting july 27 plus breakfast and lunch each day will be : us $ 310 . 00 for a single us $ 215 . 00 per person for a double n . b . these prices could vary slightly with the exchange rate . tentative plans are being made for a 3 - day post-conference tour . the organizers will give out the details as they become available to them . correspondence should be addressed to : gabor gyori janus pannonius university department of english ifjusag utja 6 . 7624 pecs hungary phone / fax : ( internat ' l ) 36 72 314-714 e - mail : gyorig @ btk . jpte . hu the organizers ask that those who can be reached electronically kindly indicate their e-mail addresses in their correspondence . it is kindly requested that abstracts be in their possession no later than april 15 , 1995 and that hotel reservations be made also before that date , by sending , along with the request , a deposit of us $ 50 . 00 or its equivalent in any other freely convertible currency . this sum should be in the form of a certified bank check payable to gabor gyori .
  """",0
  1061,""""Subject: tilburg conference on ot
   
   call for papers tilburg university conference on the derivational residue in phonology 1 - 7 october 1995 the grammatical models group of tilburg university plans to organize a conference on the derivational residue in phonology . in this conference we hope to discuss all topics which were dealt with in standard generative phonology by derivational means such as level ordering , ( strict ) cyclicity and rule ordering , in the light of the recent shift of attention towards theories that are more representational in nature . can all the derivational tools mentioned be replaced by representational instruments ? if they can , what should the ` optimal ' representational theory look like ? if they cannot , what exactly is the residue of derivationalism that we still need ? we invite all papers with these or related topics ( a more complete description of the conference topic can be found below ) both for and against purely representational approaches to phonology . we expect to be able to ( partially ) reimburse travelling expenses and lodging for our speakers . furthermore we are proud that bruce hayes and geert booij have already agreed to be our invited speakers . deadline those interested in presenting a paper ( 40 minutes talks , 15 minutes discussion ) should send 5 copies of a two page abstract ( 10 anonymous ; 1 camera-ready , with name ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) and contact address , including e-mail ) to : marc van oostendorp or ben hermans , grammaticamodellen , tilburg university , postbus 90153 , 5000 le , tilburg , the netherlands . abstracts must be received by 1 may 1995 . abstracts with page text considered too condensed to be read will be rejected without review . no email submissions accepted . for additional information contact b . j . h . hermans @ kub . nl or m . voostendorp @ kub . nl . topic of the conference during the past few years the main focus of attention in phonology seems to have been shifted from derivational to representational models , such as prince and smolensky 's optimality theory , goldsmith 's harmonic phonology and burzio 's pes - model . yet generative phonologists have accumulated substantial evidence for derivational analysis . in standard lexical phonology , for instance , derivationalism plays a role in several ways : the model is divided into a lexical and a postlexical component , the lexical component itself is divided into several lexical levels , some lexical levels are cyclic and every affix starts its own cycle and , finally , the phonologicals rule within every cycle are ordered . the question is how we have to evaluate all these derivational instruments in a representational theory of phonology . the distinction between lexical and postlexical phonology seems to be least controversial . most optimality theory analyses seem to accept at least this remnant of derivationalism . yet one could imagine a more radical version of a purely representational theory in which the distinction between word-level and phrasal phonology is accounted for in an appropriate theory of phonological domains . in any case , the question remains as to how we have to evaluate the traditional criteria for lexical-postlexical distinction ( exceptions , sensitivity to morphological and syntactic boundaries , etc . ) in a theory of constraints and constraint ranking . similar questions could be asked about the internal level ordering within the lexical component . can all analyses which used to be framed in terms of lexical levels be reframed in representational terms ? and to what extent can a theory which makes extensive use of lexical levels still be called ` representational ' ? most discussion on derivationalism within optimality theory seems to have been concentrated on the issue of cyclicity . it has been demonstrated that some cyclic analyses can be replaced by an adequate theory of alignment between phonological and morphological structure . is this everything that needs to be said about this issue ? are , for instance , cyclic versions of ot feasible and desirable ? similarily , considerable effort has been put by several researchers into showing that strict cyclicity as a theoretical concept is superfluous or that it can be replaced by a theory of underspecification . whether this is an adequate answer to all derived environment effects is another topic we hope to address . finally , we expect that even at the finest grained level of derivationalism , viz . phonological rule ordering ( both intrinsic and extrinsic ) interesting questions remain unanswered . in particular all cases of what used to be known as counter-feeding and counter-bleeding relations seem to us still to be open for discussion . all of these questions have considerable conceptual import , yet it seems to us that they can ultimately be answered empirically . the issue of derivationalism is one of the interesting challenges that optimality theory and the other models mentioned earlier pose . we hope to receive many abstracts dealing with it .
  """",0
  1062,""""Subject: conference announcement / call for papers : celtic linguistics
   
   * * * * * * celtic linguistics conference * * * * * second posting and call for papers a conference on the formal linguistics of the celtic languages will be held in university college dublin on june 22-23 1995 . invited speakers include jim mccloskey ( university of california at santa cruz ) , ian roberts ( university of north wales , bangor ) , david adger ( university of york ) and james scobbie ( queen margaret college , edinburgh ) . abstracts are invited for 45 - minute talks ( 30 + 15 ) on all aspects of theoretically-oriented research on the celtic languages . please submit 4 copies of a 1 - page abstract ( 3 anonymous and one camera - ready copy with name , affiliation etc . ) to the address below . abstracts must be received by february 28th , 1995 [ please note extended deadline ] . the conference will be held on the belfield campus ( approximately 5 km from the city centre ) . accommodation will be available on campus . expressions of interest and requests for further information should be sent to either of the following addresses : chiosain @ ollamh . ucd . ie acquaviv @ ccvax . ucd . ie or to celtic linguistics conference department of linguistics university college dublin belfield , dublin 4 ireland
  """",0
  1063,""""Subject: fellowship applications for lsa linguistic institute
   
   content - length : 1087 reminder : applications for student fellowships for the 1995 linguistic institute to be held 26 june to 4 august at the university of new mexico must be on file at the lsa secretariat by 11 february . no email or fax materials will be accepted . for further information , please contact the lsa secretariat at zzlsa @ gallua . gallaudet . edu
  """",0
  1064,""""Subject: msu syntax position
   
   content - length : 1063 the department of linguistics and germanic , slavic , asian , and african languages at michigan state university invites applications for a temporary position at the assistant professor level in linguistics , pending approval of the provost , to begin august 1995 . research and teaching specialization in syntax . responsibilities include teaching graduate and undergraduate courses ; capability to teach gb / minimalist theory particularly desirable . ph . d . by time of appointment . review of applicants will begin march 20 , 1995 and continue until the position is filled . send letter of application , vita , names of three references , representative research / publications , and u . s . visa status if non-citizen to : patricia paulsell , acting chair , department of linguistics and germanic , slavic , asian , and african languages , a-617 wells hall , michigan state university , east lansing , mi 48824-1027 . all candidates will be kept informed of the progress of the search . handicappers have the right to request and receive reasonable accommodation . msu is an aa / eoe institution .
  """",0
  1065,""""Subject: m . a . in scandinavian linguistics
   
   content - length : 2925 m . a . in scandinavian linguistics at the university of troms = f8 1995-1996 the linguistics section of the institute for language and literature at the university of troms = f8 , norway , offers a one year course leading up to a master of arts degree , starting the fall of 1995 . the course is designed to prepare students for research in generative syntax and phonology with special attention to the scandinavian languages . the course is open to students from all countries with a background in linguistics corresponding roughly to a b . a . with a major in linguistics , or a norwegian cand . mag . the course is equivalent to 60 e . c . t . s credits . instruction will be in english . proficiency in a scandinavian language is not required , nor is previous knowledge of scandinavian grammar . those who wish may follow a course in norwegian for foreigners during the whole year . students pay no tuition , only a nominal registration fee . a limited number of grants are available for students from eastern europe or developing countries . the course will consist of lectures , seminars , and tutorials , with examinations at the end of each term ( fall and spring term ) . in addition , the students are required to write two research papers . in the fall of 1995 there will be a lecture series on scandinavian syntax and another one on scandinavian phonology . in addition there will be seminars , tutorials , and a crash course in icelandic grammar . in the spring of1996 there will be a lecture series on historical scandinavian linguistics , plus seminars and tutorials . also during spring term the students will write their two research papers . the teachers are anders holmberg and tarald taraldsen ( syntax ) , ove lorenz and curtis rice ( phonology ) . other teachers who will contribute at various points in the course include christer platzack , cecilia falk ( university of lund ) , halld = f3r a . sigurdsson ( university of iceland ) , tomas riad ( university of stockholm ) . for further information , contact anders holmberg isl , linguistics university of troms = f8 n-9037 troms = f8 , norway phone : 47-77645616 , fax : 47-77645625 e-mail : andersh @ isl . uit . no
  """",0
  1066,""""Subject: computational linguistics j
   
   subject : time : 5 : 52 pm office memo computational linguistics job date : 2 / 2 / 95 university of melbourne department of linguistics lecturer in computational linguistics ( three - year appointment ) . this position is being readvertised the department of linguistics is a dynamic new department with growing strengths in discourse , semantics , cognitive science and speech synthesis . we wish to develop new teaching and research programs in computational linguistics at undergraduate and postgraduate levels , and are seeking a lecturer in computational linguistics , for a three year appointment beginning in june / july 1995 . the position is funded by university development funds and the microsoft institute of advanced software technology . subject to the success of the program in attracting students and establishing research in the area , it is hoped to advertise a continuing position in computational linguistics at the end of the three-year term . duties : you should have expertise in computational linguistics , a good background in general linguistics , and additional specializations in one or more areas of nlp , such as machine translation , text generation , computational phonology or computational morphology , linguistic knowledge representation . you will contribute to the development of teaching and research in computational linguistics through the teaching of undergraduate and postgraduate courses in the linguistics and cognitive science programs , as well as some teaching in general linguistics ; through supervision of postgraduate research in linguistics and in relevant parts of the cognitive science program . you will pursue research in one or more of the above areas , and help coordinate the linguistics contribution to the master 's in cognitive science . further information about the position , and the linguistics department , may be obtained from ms christine mckeown , administrative assistant , department of linguistics , university of melbourne , parkville 3052 , australia . tel . : 03 344 5488 ; fax 03 344 4980 ; email christine _ mckeown @ muwayf . unimelb . edu . au . applications ( including the names and facsimile numbers of three referees ) should be sent to the director , personnel services , the university of melbourne , parkville , victoria , 3052 ; fax ( 03 ) 344 4694 , or emailed to christine _ mckeown @ muwayf . unimelb . edu . au . applications close march 20th , 1995 . salary range : a $ 41 , 574 to $ 49 , 370 according to experience and qualifications . the university of melbourne is an equal opportunity employer and has a smoke-free workplace policy .
  """",0
  1067,""""Subject: job announcement : taiwan university
   
   content - length : 2561 dear linguist netters : i have been asked by our department chairman to post the following announcement to the net . please apply directly to the department via snail-mail - the people you want to talk to are not yet e-mail initiates . please do not e-mail me personally about any of this - i ' m not equipped to handle any more mail than i already get ( now i understand why so many others add this disclaimer ) ! i would very much appreciate it if those of you subscribed to lists relating to tesl , any kind of english or american literature , german , or other appropriate subject matter would please repost this to those lists . thank you / vielen dank / duo1xie4 ! karen steffen chung national taiwan university + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + national taiwan university department of foreign languages and literatures + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + * instructor * assistant professor * associate professor * professor + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + applications are invited for teaching posts , available august 1995 , in the following fields : ( 1 ) british english literature ( old / middle english literature preferred ) ; ( 2 ) tefl ; ( 3 ) german . advanced degrees in english , tefl , or german required ; teaching experience preferred . appointment will be made at one of the four levels mentioned above , depending on the appointee 's qualifications and teaching experience . initial appointment will be on a one-year , renewable basis . each applicant should submit ( 1 ) a curriculum vitae ; ( 2 ) a copy of your ma / ph d diploma ; ( 3 ) three letters of recommendation ; ( 4 ) a complete set of transcripts of all graduate-level study ; and ( 5 ) proof of past / current employment . applicants who pass the preliminary review will be asked to send four copies of their academic work ( including ma / ph d thesis ) published within the past three years or which have been accepted for publication . application materials should reach the chairman at the following address by march 1 , 1995 . dr . ching - hsi perng , chairman dept . of foreign languages and literatures national taiwan university 1 , roosevelt road , section 4 taipei , taiwan , 106 roc phone / fax : 886 - 2-363 - 9395 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
  """",0
  1068,""""Subject: baal book prize 1995
   
   content - length : 2542 british association for applied linguistics baal book prize 1995 the british association for applied linguistics ( baal ) offers an annual award for ' an outstanding book in the field of applied linguistics ' . nominations for the 1995 prize ( for books published in 1994 ) are now invited . books in any field of applied linguistics are eligible , provided they are published in english and bear a 1994 copyright date . eligibility is not restricted to british authors or to books published in the uk . the definition of applied linguistics , for the purposes of the award , is a wide one . many studies in sociolinguistics , discourse analysis , education and will come within the scope of the baal book prize , as will many language reference books . for example , last year 's winner was ruth lesser and lesley milroy ' linguistics and aphasia ' , published by longmans , 1993 . a special award was also made to longmans ' language activator ' . also shortlisted last year were brian street ( ed ) ' cross - cultural approaches to literacy ' ( cambridge university press , 1993 ) , and c . kramsch ' context and culture in language teaching ' ( oxford university press , 1993 ) . previous winners include susan berk - seligson ' the bilingual courtroom ' ( university of chicago press , 1990 ) , joshua fishman ' reversing language shift ' ( multilingual matters , 1991 ) , ' dictionary of british sign language ' ( faber and faber , 1992 ) entries must be made by * publishers * by 28th february 1995 if you published a book in 1994 which you think may be suitable , let your publisher know about the award . further details of how to enter can be obtained from david graddol baal publications secretary school of education open university milton keynes mk7 6aa , uk fax + 1908 654111 email d . j . graddol @ open . ac . uk
  """",0
  1069,""""Subject: aisb-95 sheffield : registration ( con / work . tut )
   
   aisb-95 the tenth biennial conference on ai and cognitive science sheffield , england monday 3rd - - friday 7th april 1995 theme : hybrid problems , hybrid solutions ( eacl-95 , 7th conference of the european chapter of the association for computational linguistics at university college dublin , belfield , dublin , ireland , precedes aisb-95 on march 27-31 , 1995 ) hosted by the society for the study of artificial intelligence and simulation of behaviour ( ssaisb ) and the department of computer science ( university of sheffield ) in cooperation with departments of automatic control and systems engineering , information studies , philosphy , psychology ; artificial intelligence vision research unit ( aivru ) , hang - seng centre for cognitive studies , institute for language , speech and hearing ( ilash ) , ( university of sheffield ) ; dragon systems uk limited ( melvyn hunt ) ; lpa limited ( clive spenser ) ; sharp laboratories europe limited ( paul kearney ) ; wisepress limited ( penelope g . head ) main conference wednesday 5th - friday 7th april 1995 workshops and tutorials monday 3rd - tuesday 4th april 1995 invited speakers + + professor alex gammerman ( department of computer science , royal holloway / new bedford college , university of london , england ) + + professor malik ghallab ( laas-cnrs , toulouse , france ) + + professor graeme hirst ( department of computer science , u of toronto ) + + professor john mayhew ( aivru , university of sheffield , england ) + + professor noel sharkey ( department of computer science , u of sheffield ) theme the world 's oldest ai society , the society for the study of artificial intelligence and simulation of behaviour ( aisb ) , will hold its tenth biennial international conference at the university of sheffield . the past few years have seen an increasing tendency for diversification in research into artificial intelligence , cognitive science and artificial life . a number of approaches are being pursued , based variously on symbolic reasoning , connectionist systems and models , behaviour-based systems , and ideas from complex dynamical systems . each has its own particular insight and philosophical position . this variety of approaches appears in all areas of artificial intelligence . there are both symbolic and connectionist natural language processing , both classical and behaviour-based vision research , for instance . while purists from each approach may claim that all the problems of cognition can in principle be tackled without recourse to other methods , in practice ( and maybe in theory , also ) combinations of methods from the different approaches ( hybrid methods ) are more successful than a pure approach for certain kinds of problems . the committee feels that there is an unrealised synergy between the various approaches that an aisb conference may be able to explore . thus , the focus of the tenth aisb conference is on such hybrid methods . the aisb conference is a single track conference lasting three days , with a two day tutorial and workshop programme preceding the main technical event , and around twenty high calibre papers will be presented in the technical sessions . five invited talks by respected and entertaining world class researchers complete the programme . the proceedings of the conference will be published in book form at the conference itself , making it a forum for rapid dissemination of research results . the preliminary programme for the conference is attached below . note that the organisers reserve the right to alter the programme as circumstances dictate , though every effort will be made to adhere to the provisional timings and calendar of events given below . programme monday 3rd april , 1995 [ all day ] workshops and tutorial programme tuesday 4th april , 1995 [ all day ] workshops and tutorial programme 6 . 00 - 9 . 00 registration reception , halifax hall , university of sheffield wednesday 5th april , 1995 08 : 00 - on registration 09 : 00 chair opening address : paul mc kevitt , conference chair / local organisation ( university of sheffield ) 09 : 10 hod opening address : colin smythe , head of department of computer science ( university of sheffield ) 09 : 20 programme chair opening address : john hallam , programme chair ( university of edinburgh ) 09 : 30-10 : 30 invited talk professor malik ghallab , laas-cnrs , toulouse , fr 10 : 30-11 : 00 break 11 : 00-12 : 45 3 papers + ` an introduction to dynamic symbol systems ' ' , herbert jaeger , faculty of technology , university of bielefeld , germany . + ` ` reactive systems in physical environments ' ' , simin nadjm - tehrani , departmentof computer and information science , linkoping university , sweden . + ` ` from numerical observations to propositional representations : a cognitive methodology to structure hybrid spatial knowledge in the wire project ' ' , mario borillo , irit toulouse and herve pensec , sogerma-socea , groupe aerospatiale , merignac , france . 12 : 45-14 : 15 lunch 14 : 15-16 : 00 3 papers + ` ` decisions , decisions : knowledge goals in planning ' ' , louise pryor , department of artificial intelligence , university of edinburgh , scotland . + ` ` knowing how : a semantic approach ' ' , sam steel , department of computer science , university of essex , england . + ` ` a meta - level framework for exploring conflicts in multiple knowledge bases ' ' mandy haggith , department of artificial intelligence , u of edinburgh , scotland . 16 : 00-16 : 30 break 16 : 30-17 : 50 2 papers + ` ` unsatisfied variables in local search ' ' , ian gent , department of artificial intelligence , university of edinburgh and toby walsh , mechanized reasoning group , irst , genoa , italy . + ` ` an attempt to map the performance of a range of algorithm and heuristic combinations ' ' , edward p . k . tsang , james e . borrett and alvin c . m . kwan , department of computer science , university of essex , england . 20 : 00 conference reception , sheffield kelham island industrial museum ( with don river live steam engine ) thursday 6th april , 1995 09 : 15-10 : 15 invited talk professor john mayhew , aivru , u of sheffield 10 : 15-10 : 45 break 10 : 45-12 : 30 3 papers + ` ` the somass system : a hybrid symbolic and behaviour - based system to plan and execute assemblies by robot ' ' , chris malcolm , department of artificial intelligence , university of edinburgh , scotland . + ` ` multiple agent systems for configuration design ' ' , stuart watt , zdenek zdrahal , knowledge media institute , open university & mike brayshaw , school of computer science , university of birmingham , england . + ` ` symbolic and continuous proceses in the automatic selection of actions ' ' , r cooper , tim shallice & jonathan farringdan , department of psychology , university college , london , england . 12 : 30-14 : 00 lunch 14 : 00-15 : 00 invited talk professor noel sharkey , department of computer science , university of sheffield , england . 15 : 00-15 : 20 break 15 : 20-16 : 30 2 papers + ` ` a neural network decision - support tool for the diagnosis of breast cancer ' ' , joseph downs , robert f harrison , department of automatic control & systems engineering , university of sheffield and simon s cross , department of pathology , university of sheffield medical school , england . + ` ` rulex & cebp networks as the basis for a rule refinement system ' ' , r andrews & shlomo geva , neurocomputing research centre , queensland university , australia 16 : 30-16 : 50 break 16 : 50-18 : 00 2 papers + ` ` a heuristic for general rule extraction from a multilayer perceptron ' ' , zhe ma & robert f harrison , department of automatic control & systems engineering , university of sheffield & r . lee kennedy , department of medicine , university of edinburgh , scotland . + ` ` an adaptive state machine for use in unsupervised parallel learning systems ' ' , christopher j holgate & thomas j w clarke , neural systems engineering group , imperial college , england . 20 : 00 conference banquet , halifax hall 21 : 00 after dinner speech by distinguished seasoned ai researcher friday 7th april , 1995 09 : 15-10 : 15 invited talk professor graeme hirst department of computer science , university of toronto , canada 10 : 15-10 : 45 break 10 : 45-12 : 30 3 papers + ` ` towards learning semantics of spontaneous dialog utterances in a hybrid framework ' ' , volker weber and stefan wermter , computer science department , university of hamburg , germany . + ` ` knowledge acquisition using metaphors ' ' , asoka s karunananda , hyacinth s nwana & pearl brereton , department of computer science , u of keele , england . + ` ` grounding dtms : an interview tool for acquiring meta - strategic teaching knowledge ' ' , nigel major and kieron o hara , department of psychology , university of nottingham , england . 12 : 30-14 : 00 lunch 14 : 00-15 : 00 invited talk professor alex gammerman , dept of computer science , royal holloway and new bedford college , university of london , england . 15 : 00-15 : 20 break 15 : 20-16 : 30 2 papers + ` ` towards hybrid nonmonotonic reasoning systems ' ' , james p delgrande , school of computer science , simon fraser university , canada & torsten h schaub , irisa , rennes , france . + ` ` why some hybrid solutions are n't really solutions ( and why others are n't really hybrid ) ' ' , bradley franks , department of psychology , london school of economics & richard cooper , department of psychology , university college , london , england . 16 : 30-17 : 00 conference ends . workshops and tutorials programme monday 3rd - tuesday 4th april 1995 http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / aisb / aisb95 organiser title mon tue = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ( 1 ) [ code w1 ] d . bridge , engineering knowledge - based systems ( u of york , england ) x point of contact : derek bridge dgb @ minster . york . ac . uk anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / engineering _ kbs _ workshop _ cfp ( 2 ) [ code w2 ] t . fogarty , evolutionary computing ( u of west england ) x x point of contact : terence fogarty : tcf @ btc . uwe . ac . uk anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / evolutionary _ computing _ workshop _ cfp ( 3 ) [ code w3 ] a . ireland , 2nd workshop on automated reasoning : x bridging the gap between theory and practice ( u of edinburgh ) point of contact : andrew ireland : a . ireland @ ed . ac . uk anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / automated _ reasoning _ workshop _ cfp ( 4 ) [ code w4 ] b . jones , postgraduate workshop ( u of edinburgh ) x x point of contact : b . jones : bernie @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk v pub / aisb / aisb95 / postgrad _ workshop _ cfp ( 5 ) [ code w5 ] a . narayanan , language visualisation ( u of exeter ) x point of contact : a . narayanan : ajit @ dcs . exeter . ac . uk . anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / language _ vis _ workshop _ cfp ( 6 ) [ code w6 ] s . o nuallain reaching for mind : foundations of cog science x x ( dublin city university , ireland ) ( national research council , canada ) p . mc kevitt ( university of sheffield , england ) point of contact : sean o nuallain : onuallains @ dcu . ie anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / cogsci _ workshop _ cfp ( 7 ) [ code w7 ] t . prescott , mobile robotics ( u of sheffield ) x point of contact : tony prescott t . prescott @ aivru . sheffield . ac . uk . anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / mobile _ robotics _ workshop _ cfp ( 8 ) [ code w8 ] m . rosner , ai education - - goals , courses , resources x ( idsia , lugano , switzerland ) point of contact : michael rosner aisb @ idsia . ch anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / ai _ ed _ workshop _ cfp tutorials organiser title mon tue = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ( 1 ) [ code t1 ] d . benyon intelligent user interfaces x ( open university , england ) anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / intelligent-ui - tutorial ( 2 ) [ code t2 ] m . fisher programming with temporal logics x ( afternoon ) ( manchester metropoliton university , england ) anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / prog-temp - log-tutorial ( 3 ) [ code t3 ] t . fruehwirth constraint reasoning - build your own solver x ( ecrc , munich , germany ) anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / constraint-reasoning - tutorial ( 4 ) [ code t4 ] m . patel ga + nn hybrid systems x ( ics-forth , heraklion , greece ) anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / ga _ nn _ tutorial ( 5 ) [ code t5 ] f . ritter soar cognitive architecture x ( university of nottingham , england ) anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / soar _ tutorial ( 6 ) [ code t6 ] s . zrehen perac : a modular neural network architecture for autonomous robots ( lausanne university , switzerland ) x anonymous ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk pub / aisb / aisb95 / perac _ tutorial demos / open days / services information on demos by the departments of computer science and psychology on current research projects in ai and cognitive science will be provided during the conference . also , the department of computer science will have open days where delegates at the conference can meet researchers . it is intended that the department will provide on site ftp / www and e - mail services to delegates . contact addresses : aisb-95 conference chair / local organisation : paul mc kevitt e - mail : p . mckevitt @ dcs . shef . ac . uk department of computer science www : http : / / www . dcs . shef . ac . uk / regent court www : http : / / www . shef . ac . uk / 211 portobello street ftp : ftp . dcs . shef . ac . uk university of sheffield fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 114-278 - 0972 gb - s1 4dp , sheffield phone : + 44 ( 0 ) 114-282 - 5572 ( office ) england , uk , eu . 282-5596 ( lab . ) 282-5590 ( secretary ) aisb-95 workshops and tutorials chair : dr . robert gaizauskas e - mail : robertg @ dcs . shef . ac . uk department of computer science www : http : / / www . dcs . shef . ac . uk / university of sheffield www : http : / / www . shef . ac . uk / 211 portobello street ftp : ftp . dcs . shef . ac . uk regent court fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 114 278-0972 sheffield s1 4dp phone : + 44 ( 0 ) 114 282-5572 u . k . aisb-95 programme chair : john hallam e - mail : john @ aifh . edinburgh . ac . uk department of artificial intelligence fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1 31 650 6899 university of edinburgh phone : + 44 ( 0 ) 1 31 650 3097 5 forrest hill edinburgh eh1 2ql scotland . venue the venue for registration and all conference events is : halifax hall of residence , endcliffe vale road , gb - s10 5df , sheffield , uk , eu . fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 114-266 - 3898 tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 114-266 - 3506 ( 24 hour porter ) tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 114-266 - 4196 ( manager norma taylor ) address ( for registrations ) alison white email : alisonw @ cogs . susx . ac . uk aisb executive office www : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / aisb cognitive and computing sciences ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk / pub / aisb university of sussex tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 678448 falmer , brighton fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 671320 england , uk , bn1 9qh address ( for general enquiries ) gill wells , email : g . wells @ dcs . shef . ac . uk administrative assistant , aisb-95 , fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 114-278 - 0972 department of computer science , phone : + 44 ( 0 ) 114-278 - 5590 regent court , 211 portobello street , university of sheffield , gb - s1 4dp , sheffield , uk , eu . email : aisb95 @ dcs . shef . ac . uk ( for auto responses ) www : http : / / www . dcs . shef . ac . uk / aisb95 [ sheffield computer science ] ftp : ftp . dcs . shef . ac . uk ( cd aisb95 ) www : http : / / www . shef . ac . uk / [ sheffield computing services ] ftp : ftp . shef . ac . uk ( cd aisb95 ) www : http : / / ijcai . org / ) [ ijcai-95 , montreal ] www : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / aisb [ aisb society sussex ] ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk / pub / aisb programme committee dave cliff ( u of sussex ) , erik sandewall ( u of linkoeping ) , nigel shadbolt ( u of nottingham ) , sam steel ( u of essex ) , yorick wilks ( u of sheffield ) local organisation committee ( u of sheffield ) phil green , jim mcgregor , bob minors , tony prescott , and tony simons publicity malcolm crawford , mark lee , derek marriott , and simon morgan ( cambridge ) delegates wishing to join aisb ( thus avoiding the non - aisb - member supplement ) should contact : aisb administration , e - mail : aisb @ cogs . susx . ac . uk cognitive and computing sciences ( cogs ) www : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / aisb university of sussex ftp : ftp . cogs . susx . ac . uk / pub / aisb gb - bn1 9qh , falmer , brighton fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 671320 uk , eu . phone : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 678448 aisb office ( university of sussex ) tony cohn ( chairman ) , roger evans ( treasurer ) , chris thornton ( secretary ) , and alison white ( executive office )
  """",0
  1070,""""Subject: ie conference
   
   announcement & call for papers seventh annual ucla indo-european conference program in indo - european studies , university of california , los angeles the seventh annual ucla indo - european conference will be held on 26-27 may 1995 at the ucla campus . as in the past , we invite papers on any aspect of indo - european studies : linguistics , archaeology , comparative mythology and culture . papers on both interdisciplinary and specific topics ( e . g . , typology , methodology , reconstruction , the relation of indo - european to other language groups , the interpretation of material culture , etc . ) are welcome . abstracts should be approximately two typewritten pages ( double-spaced ) and must be received by 10 march 1995 . a period of twenty minutes will be allotted for each paper , followed by a ten-minute discussion period . through the generosity of its donors , the friends and alumni of indo - european studies ( faies ) will offer two prizes for the best papers by a current student or recent ph . d . ( received 1990 or later ) : one prize for a paper in linguistics , and one for a paper in either archaeology or mythology . please indicate your current status and year of ph . d . if you qualify . no previous winners please . address all abstracts and inquiries to : ie conference committee classics department 7349 bunche hall , ucla 405 hilgard avenue los angeles , ca 90024-1475 e-mail : iep0rmr @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu for further information call : weekdays : 310 / 825-4171
  """",0
  1071,""""Subject: sle conference announcement
   
   first circular and call for papers 28th annual meeting of the societas linguistica europaea leiden , 31 august , 1 - 2 september , 1995 the university of leiden has the pleasure of inviting the members of the societas linguistica europaea to the 28th annual meeting , to be held in leiden , the netherlands , from thursday 31 august to saturday 2 september 1995 . the conference will be hosted by the faculty of letters of the university of leiden . the general theme of the conference is : descriptive and theoretical perspectives on comparative linguistics 1 . submission of abstracts and programme members are invited to submit abstracts for 30 minute papers , including 10 minutes of discussion . papers can be presented in separate sections , workshops , or round tables . abstracts which are intended for section presentation will be refereed by a selection committee ; abstracts intended for workshops or round tables will be assessed by workshop organizers or round table conveners . proposals for workshops or round tables are eagerly invited by the organizing committee ; they should adhere to the general theme of the conference as much as possible . abstracts submitted should not exceed one page , and should be in at least 12 - point type with one - inch margins all round . since abstracts are to be reproduced in the meeting handbook , they should be printed in clear type . if using a typewriter , make sure to use a new ribbon . the deadline for submission of abstracts is 31 january 1995 . abstracts should be sent to : sle 1995 selection committee department of english university of leiden p . o box 9515 2300 ra leiden the netherlands the programme will include four keynote addresses , to be given by erica garcia ( leiden ) , pieter muysken ( amsterdam ) , johanna nichols ( ucla ) , and ianthi tsimpli & neil smith ( ucl ) . 2 . conference fee for regular sle members , the conference fee is dfl . 125 , which includes the conference folder , the meeting handbook , refreshments , three lunches , and a buffet reception . for students and research assistants , the fee will be dfl . 75 . non - members wishing to attend the conference will be charged an additional dfl . 50 . payment will only be accepted in dutch currency . the conference fee should be paid into postal giro account 5855626 , department of english , university of leiden , mentioning sle 1995 . if payment by cheque is preferred , cheques should be made payable to """""""" department of english , university of leiden """""""" , mentioning sle 1995 . please note that payment by cheque involves bank transfer costs , which currently amount to dfl . 20 . if this method of payment is preferred , dfl . 20 should be added to the conference fee . payment should be made simultaneously with the return of the pre-registration form . payment of the conference fee in august 1995 involves an additional cost of dfl . 25 . colleagues from eastern european countries in need of financial assistance are requested to contact the organizing committee as soon as possible , in view of the limited funds available for financial support . 3 . preliminary registration and accommodation all participants should fill in the enclosed preliminary registration form and return it by 31 january 1995 . hotel accommodation can be arranged in two ways : either by directly contacting the hotel selected from the enclosed list of hotels , or by returning the enclosed card to the nrc reservations centre at leidschendam , who will attempt to find accommodation , at no extra charge . the organization committee will not be in a position to assist with hotel accommodation . the hotel situation in leiden is extremely tight , so members are urgently advised to make early reservations . a second circular , with the provisional programme and further particulars , will be sent out by 31 march 1995 . organizing committee of the 1995 sle annual meeting frits beukema , peter lange , johan rooryck , rieks smeets , wim van der wurff postal and e - mail addresses sle department of english p . o . box 9515 2300 ra leiden the netherlands e - mail : sle @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl this e-mail address will be in use from 1 november 1994 to 31 october 1995 and can be used for all inquiries . xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx sle 1995 pre - registration form august 31 , september 1 - 2 , 1995 university of leiden , the netherlands please return to : sle 1995 department of english university of leiden p . o . box 9515 2300 ra leiden the netherlands deadline for pre-registration : 31 january 1995 name affiliation mailing address e - mail address please check amount : before 31 january 1995 after 31 january 1995 regular member _ _ _ dfl 125 _ _ _ dfl 150 student , etc . _ _ _ dfl 75 _ _ _ dfl 100 non - member _ _ _ dfl 175 _ _ _ dfl 200 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx e - mail address : sle @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl
  """",0
  1072,""""Subject: second cfp tsm ' 95
   
   second call ( < < second call < < < second call < < < second call < < < second call 5th toulouse international workshop time , space and movement - - - - - meaning and knowledge in the sensible world organized by the ` ` langue , raisonnement , calcul ' ' group irit , universite paul sabatier toulouse erss , universite de toulouse - le mirail cnrs ura 1399 , ura 1033 chateau de bonas in gascony , france 23-27 june , 1995 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ call for papers ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this workshop will be the fifth one in a series which began in 1989 . like previous editions , it aims at gathering researchers from a variety of fields around the themes of the semantics of time , space and movement , in a castle in the middle of the beautiful landscape of gascony . unlike previous ones , though , next year 's workshop will not gather only invited researchers , but will be open to participants submitting a contribution . wishing to preserve the friendly and cheerful atmosphere that characterized the series , we will limit the number of participants to 50 , and will achieve a balance between invited talks and submitted contributions . motivations ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ when natural language utterances are about sensible world , the computation of the spatial and spatio-temporal reference plays a major part in the construction of their formal representation . if the understanding of a discourse is the ability to infer adequate answers to questions about its informational content , the ability to deduce properties of the discourse objects ( like their localisation , their structure or their shape ) from the discourse representation , allows the cognitive validation of these representations . the most recent works in discourse theory ( drt , sdrt ) clearly show the necessity to take into account , in addition to linguistic and pragmatic information , common knowledge about the universe of discourse . in its whole generality , the formal representation of this component of the meaning can very well be hopeless . we propose to focus the attention on a specific category of discourses , namely discourses which refer to the sensible world . in this case , common knowledge reflects the structure and the properties of mental representations of space , movement and time , these representations being available not only through the analysis of linguistic expressions but also through the analysis of different forms of reasoning and decision-taking associated with perception . topics of interest ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ we propose to discuss the possible contributions of spatial and spatio-temporal knowledge representation and reasoning to discourse interpretation ; as well as the possible contributions of the analysis of time , space and movement in language to the comprehension of the organization of the perceived objects , and to the identification of their cognitively relevant properties . contributions are invited on substantial and original research on various aspects of time , space and movement , including , but not limited to , the following . a . semantics of time , space and movement in natural language - lexical semantics : from linguistic and conceptual description to formalisation - from lexicon to sentence and discourse : role of the spatial and spatio-temporal ( s & st ) common-sense knowledge in discourse interpretation - logics and deductive mechanisms : * for the computation of the s & st reference * for the cognitive validation of discourse representations b . knowledge representation and s & st reasoning - ontology of s & st entities : philosophical analysis and formalisation - mental representations of space , time and movement - mathematics of the sensible world - naive physics , qualitative s & st reasoning - logics and visual reasoning - contributions to discourse representation c . relations between language and perception - imaginal and / or propositional structures of mental representations - from language to visual perception : from propositional to numerical structures ( image synthesis ) - from visual perception to language : from numerical to propositional structures ( image interpretation ) - mathematical and logical problems of hybrid reasoning invited speakers ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ nicholas asher , linguistics and philosophy , austin patrick blackburn , logic and computational linguistics , saarbruecken mimo caenepeel * , linguistics , edinburgh anthony cohn , artificial intelligence , leeds john etchemendy , philosophy , stanford luis farinas del cerro , logics and computer science , toulouse christian freksa * , cognitive science , hamburg christopher habel * , cognitive science , hamburg patrick hayes * , artificial intelligence , urbana gerd herzog , artificial intelligence , saarbruecken hans kamp * , linguistics and philosophy , stuttgart manfred krifka , linguistics , austin carlota smith , linguistics , austin barbara tversky * , psychology , stanford claude vandeloise , linguistics , baton - rouge achille varzi , philosophy , trento henk verkuyl , linguistics , utrecht co vet , linguistics , groningen ( * ) to be confirmed programme committee ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ chair : mario borillo , artificial intelligence , toulouse nicholas asher , linguistics and philosophy , austin patrick blackburn , logics and computational linguistics , saarbruecken andree borillo , linguistics , toulouse anthony cohn , artificial intelligence , leeds john etchemendy , philosophy , stanford patrick hayes , artificial intelligence , urbana carlota smith , linguistics , austin barbara tversky , psychology , stanford achille varzi , philosophy , trento co vet , linguistics , groningen laure vieu , artificial intelligence , toulouse format for submission ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ submitted papers should be at most 12 pages in length and be produced in 12pt ( default latex article style is ok ) . submissions should provide the affiliation , full postal address , telephone and fax numbers , and e-mail address ( if any ) of the author ( s ) . a few words stating the position of the paper with respect to the topics of interest would be useful , as well as a 100-200 word abstract . electronic submission ( plain ascii , latex , uuencoded postscript , or binhex mac word files ) is recommended . they should be sent to tsm @ irit . fr before 10 february 1995 . hard - copy submissions ( 4 copies ) should reach the programme chair no late than 10 february 1995 . notification of acceptance will be sent to authors by 10 april , 1995 , and final versions ( camera-ready ) will be due by 15 may , 1995 . these will be compiled as workshop notes to be distributed to the participants . schedule ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ papers submission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 february , 1995 notification of acceptance . . . . . . 10 april , 1995 final version due . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 may , 1995 workshop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-27 june , 1995 organization ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ organizing committee : pascal amsili , irit michel aurnague , erss andree borillo , erss mario borillo , irit myriam bras - grivart , irit pierre sablayrolles , irit laure vieu , irit contact : tsm ' 95 c / o mario borillo irit - universite paul sabatier 118 , route de narbonne , f-31062 toulouse cedex france tel : ( + 33 ) 61 . 55 . 60 . 91 fax : ( + 33 ) 61 . 55 . 83 . 25 e - mail : tsm @ irit . fr www : http : / / www . irit . fr / activites / eq _ lrc / tsm95 . html
  """",0
  1073,""""Subject: japanese discourse analysis
   
   i have a student working on a project involving text-structuring devices ( metadiscourse markers ) in japanese and english . she has found few references to such work on japanese . is anyone aware of such work ? karl krahnke colorado state university krahnke @ lamar . colostate . edu thanks in advance for any help .
  """",0
  1074,""""Subject: collocations of the french """""""" rapide """""""" ( fwd )
   
   i am doing a study of the use and meaning of the adjective """""""" rapide """""""" in french , with particular emphasis on its collocations , for exemple : pas rapides , mouvement rapide , geste rapide , coup d ' oeil rapide . i am trying to locate references on the semantic and distributional analysis of ' rapide ' . any suggestions about how to locate references in this area would be greatly appreciated . i have already checked in the mla , llba and in the bulletin analytique de la linguistique francaise . many thanks for any help . tatjana janicijevic tatjana @ unixg . ubc . ca
  """",0
  1075,""""Subject: more on nlp
   
   to the readers : i have recently sent out several email inquiries to various list services that i subscribe to in an attempt to learn why we do not see more software that can relate to the complexities of human grammar . that is , i was trying to learn why do n't we see better grammar checkers , more translation software , and more sophisticated language tutoring software . if there were a theory of syntax that could be programmed at all would n't there also be a swarm of programs being offered by researchers and graduate students from around the world ? would n't we be arguing about the merits of """""""" lfg - linguist 3 . 1 """""""" vs """""""" gb - linguist 2 . 0 . """""""" and would n't we be arguing about the merits of one theories labelled bracketing versus another 's ? further , other areas that might use language interfaces such as games and program internal """""""" help facilities """""""" are also quite primitive . granted , the difficulties of trying to get a program to account for pro - - blems of meaning have occupied programmers for years , but this in itself is not sufficient enough explanation for why we do not see more results in areas that require a program to exhibit a sophisticated understanding of the structure of human language . which brings me to the point of this query . to improve my understanding of this problem and perhaps to generate some meaningful dialog about this problem , i would like to propose the following list of what we should minimally expect of a program or a theory of syntax that claims to be able to handle the structure of human language . i would like to invite readers to add to the list or to point out which areas have already been adequately handled . if an area is adequately handled , i would like information on how to receive the software that is available . i divide this list into three basic areas : 1 ) minimum requirements for linguists , 2 ) minimum requirements for grammar checkers , foreign language tutoring software , and other more secular uses of syntax , and 3 ) minimum requirements for translation technology . i . minimum requirements for linguists . a program or a theory of syntax that is to be programmed must minimally be able to : 1 ) provide a full labelled bracketing of any string ( including information about intermediate and maximal level nodes ) . 2 ) provide the parts of speech of all items in a string 3 ) provide the parts of a sentence ( subject , direct object , etc ) of a string 4 ) provide acceptability judgements for sentences that can be parsed ( e . g . john1 likes himself2 is parsable but unacceptable ) . 5 ) provide judgements about topicalized sentences , fronted wh questions , tough - movement sentences , relative clauses , noun clauses , cleft and pseudo - cleft sentences , pied - piping , the complex np constraint , control sentences , parasitic gap sentences , island conditions , the that trace effect , the coreferrence requirements of pronouns and reciprocals , and strong and weak crossover effects . 6 ) perhaps provide explanations for why particular parses fail . ii . minimum requirements for grammar checkers , foreign language tutoring software , and other more secular uses of syntax . a program or theory of syntax that is to be of value in these areas should minimally : 1 ) provide information about part of speech 2 ) provide information about part of sentence ( subject , object , etc ) 3 ) provide demonstrations of grammatical constructions e . g . make passivesentences from active and active from passive , make questions from statements , join two sentences into one using a variety of conjunctions , transitions and prepositions . 4 ) provide judgements about errors in the production of sentences 5 ) provide information about types of clauses : subordinate / main , adverb , noun etc . 6 ) provide information about sentence type e . g . simple , complex , compound , etc . 7 ) analyze punctuation of words , phrases , and clauses ( including coordination ) . minimum requirements for translation technology : 1 ) provide a correct parse for the subject language and provide a grammatically correct sentence in the target language . 2 ) provide acceptability judgements and other grammar checking of sentences in both languages . 3 ) be able to do convert some sentences in both languages : e . g . statement to question , active to passive and so on . this list might be short in many ways , but i think it illustrates my point . there is a lot more that could be happening in the realm of computational syntax , but it is not happening . if i am overly pessimistic , i would like to know where i can find software that can do the above . i will post all responses to the list as a summary . also , if anyone would like to add to this list , i will keep track of the responses and post them to the list . also , if someone can explain what prevents these developments i would appreciate that as well . phil bralich bralich @ uhccux . uhcc . hawaii . edu
  """",0
  1076,""""Subject: call papers - systemic workshop
   
   content - length : 1717 call for papers 7th international systemic functional workshop ' language as choice ' 26 - 29 july 1995 university of valencia , spain call for papers abstracts are invited for papers ( 20 minutes will be allowed for each presentation , with 10 minutes extra for questions and discussion ) on any aspect appropriate to the title language as choice . papers may have a highly specific focus , or be on more general topics ; workshop proposals are particularly encouraged . a one-page abstract should be submitted by 10 february 1195 . ( the deadline has been extended ) . notification of abstracts accepted will be given by 15 march 1995 . mailing address : dr . antonia sanchez depto . filologia inglesa y alemana facultad de filologia universitat de valencia blasco ibanez 28 46010 valencia tel : + 34 6 3864262 fax : + 34 6 3864161 e . mail : sanchezma @ mac . uv . es for any further information , please contact the above address
  """",0
  1077,""""Subject: gala ' 95 : call for papers
   
   groningen assembly on language acquisition 1995 university of groningen the netherlands 7 - 9 september 1995 the conference aims to bring together researchers willing to discuss the merits and constraints of different theoretical approaches to language acquisition , in particular generative linguistics , constructionism , dynamic systems modelling , and connectionism . invited speakers harald clahsen university of essex annette karmiloff - smith mrc london kim plunkett university of oxford luigi rizzi university of geneva paul van geert university of groningen abstract submissions abstracts may cover all aspects of language acquisition relating to the core areas of linguistics , including phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics and the interfaces . selection of abstracts will be based on not only their quality but also their potential to contribute to the conference 's interactive objective . abstract submissions should include : 1 . five ( 5 ) copies of a one-page , double-spaced abstract of the paper ( no posters ) , preferably in 12 - point font or type , with a title . omit name and affiliation . reviewing will be anonymous . 2 . a 10cm by 15cm ( or 3 """""""" by 5 """""""" ) card with the title of the paper , the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliation , mailing address , and e-mail address . also specify any necessary av equipment . abstracts should provide a complete overview of the research that will be presented : a statement of the main hypotheses , a brief account of the method , data gathering and results , and a summary of the conclusions reached . the deadline for abstract submissions is april 15 , 1995 . any submissions that arrive after this date will not be accepted . abstracts should be sent to : gala 1995 university of groningen department of linguistics postbus 716 9700 as groningen the netherlands inquiries should be sent to the above address , or by e-mail to : gala95 @ let . rug . nl . up to date information with regard to the conference , including registration information , can also be found at : http : / / www . let . rug . nl / linguistics / events / gala / this document can be retrieved from the above www site or through ftp , via anonymous log-in to : tyr . let . rug . nl , / pub / linguistics / events / gala please note : abstract submissions via e-mail will not be accepted ! = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - =
  """",0
  1078,""""Subject: call for abstracts : optimality in syntactic theory
   
   content - length : 4437 call for papers is the best good enough ? workshop on optimality in syntactic theory to be held at the massachusetts institute of technology , cambridge , ma , may 19-21 1995 . syntactic research in a variety of frameworks is assigning a growing role to the notion of comparison . this work , which is at the forefront of current research , includes theories involving principles of economy and optimality . much of this work is still unpublished or in formative stages ( legendre , raymond , and smolensky ( 1993 ) , grimshaw ( 1993 ) , pesetsky ( 1994 ) , chomsky ( 1989 , 1993 , 1994 ) ) . the relevant data vary from one account to another , but empirical comparisons of these proposals now can and should be undertaken . ) from may 19-21 , 1995 , mit will be hosting a workshop to explore and clarify particular issues of syntactic theories in which comparison plays a significant role . the workshop will consist of invited talks and talks selected from anonymously submitted abstracts . abstracts are invited to address the following questions : * what is the nature of the candidate or reference set for comparison ? which linguistic objects compete for the best choice ? * what criteria determine the optimal output from a set of candidates ? * does the grammar compare derivations ( as with the economy principles of chomsky ( 1989 , 1993 ) ) or representations ( as in the optimality theoretic analyses developed for phonology by prince and smolensky ( 1993 ) ) . * is language acquisition or variation explained by parameterization or constraint re-ranking ? * what are the computational implications and requirements of the different approaches ? invited talks will be presented by : joan bresnan , stanford noam chomsky , mit jane grimshaw , rutgers david pesetsky , mit paul smolensky and geraldine legendre , johns hopkins university edward stabler , ucla submissions for consideration must be received by march 15 , 1994 , via mail or fax transmission . authors whose abstracts are accepted will be requested to provide a more complete paper by mid - april to prepare focused discussion . we may be able to assist with travel costs for student or unemployed presenters . eight or nine 30 - minute time slots are reserved for accepted papers , each with an additional 10 minutes for questions and discussion . abstracts should be anonymous and not longer than two pages . mailing address : good enough mit 20d-219 77 massachusetts avenue , cambridge , ma , 02139 mailings should include six copies of an anonymous abstract with a cover sheet indicating the paper title , author 's name , affiliation , address , phone number , and email address . fax transmissions may be made to ( 617 ) 253-5017 , attention : david pesetsky , and should also include the cover sheet . any further questions may be addressed by email to good-enough @ mit . edu . more detailed conference information will also be made available via anonymous ftp to broca . mit . edu , in the pub / good-enough directory . references cited above : chomsky , n . ( 1989 ) , """""""" some notes on economy of derivation and representation . """""""" in laka , i . and a . mahajan ( ed . ) _ mit working papers in linguistics 10 , cambridge : mit working papers in linguistics . chomsky , n . ( 1993 ) , """""""" a minimalist program for linguistic theory , """""""" in hale , k . and j . keyser ( ed . ) _ a view from building 20 _ , cambridge : mit press . chomsky , n . ( 1994 ) , """""""" bare phrase structure , """""""" occasional paper # 5 , cambridge : mit working papers in linguistics . grimshaw , j . ( 1993 ) , """""""" minimal projection , heads , and optimality , """""""" ms . rutgers university [ available by anonymous ftp from ruccs . rutgers . edu , as pub / ot / papers / minproj . ps ] , to appear in linguistic inquiry . legendre , g . , w . raymond , and p . smolensky ( 1993 ) """""""" an optimality - theoretic typology of case and grammatical voice systems , """""""" _ proceedings of the nineteenth annual meeting of the berkeley linguistic society _ , berkeley , ca , 464-478 . pesetsky , d . ( in prep . ) , _ syntax at the edge : optimality effects in sentence grammar _ [ handouts only available by anonymous ftp from ruccs . rutgers . edu , as pub / ot / papers / sentpron . ps ] . prince , a . and p . smolensky ( 1993 ) , _ optimality theory : constraint interaction in generative grammar _ , ruccs technical report # 2 , rutgers university center for cognitive science , piscataway , new jersey [ to appear , mit press ] .
  """",0
  1079,""""Subject: salford seminars
   
   content - length : 2116 university of salford , uk european studies research institute ( esri ) centre for language and linguistics seminar programme 1995 the following seminars have been planned : wednesday 22 february ` what 's the use of dictionaries ? ' reinhard hartmann , essex monday 27 february ` first steps in learning french : a study of ( 5 . 30pm ) progression in the secondary school ' ros mitchell , southampton wednesday 8 march ` the nature of translation ' stephen thomas , salford wednesday 15 march ` the variational approach in translation ' myriam carr , salford wednesday 22 march ` the unit of translation ' michel ballard , artois wednesday 10 may ` pragmatic factors in syntactic change : a r&g college spanish case study ' christopher pountain , cambridge wednesday 17 may ` proper nouns , generics , and the count-mass r&g college distinction ' christopher lyons , salford seminars will take place at 4 . 30 in room g21 , crescent house , university of salford unless otherwise indicated . for further information , contact charlotte hoffmann , associate director , centre of language and linguistics , esri . tel : + 44 161 745 5990
  """",0
  1080,""""Subject: wccfl predication workshop preliminary program
   
   wccfl workshop predication university of southern california , los angeles march 9 , 1995 preliminary program thursday , march 9 12 : 30 - 1 : 00 registration 1 : 00 - 1 : 30 sabine iatridou and spyridoula varlokosta ( univ . of pennsylvania ) """""""" why modern greek has only predicational pseudo - clefts """""""" 1 : 30 - 2 : 00 peter svenonius ( univ . of tromso ) """""""" toward a typology of predicators """""""" 2 : 15 - 2 : 45 rose - marie dechaine ( univ . of british columbia ) """""""" the adjective - adverb connection """""""" 2 : 45 - 3 : 15 antonia androutsopoulou ( ucla ) """""""" the licensing of adjectival modification """""""" 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 orin percus ( mit ) """""""" topics and semantic partition """""""" 4 : 00 - 4 : 30 norbert hornstein , sara rosen and juan uriagereka ( univ . of maryland ) """""""" integral predications """"""""
  """",0
  1081,""""Subject: conf : translating literature and film
   
   university of salford , greater manchester , uk european studies research institute ( esri ) international conference translating literature and film : themes and versions through an anglo - french looking-glass 3 - 5 april 1995 faraday house , research and graduate college , university of salford , uk . programme monday 3 april 1400-1430 registration 1430-1530 ` la traduction des references culturelles dans the secret diary of adrian mole ' jean - pierre mailhac , salford 1530-1600 tea 1600-1700 ` the best of both worlds : english and french in poetic expression ' martin sorrell , exeter 1700-1800 ` le journal d ' une femme de chambre / the diary of a chambermaid : issues of translation ' anthony simons , reading 1900-2030 dinner ( university house ) tuesday 4 april 0930-1030 ` de montaigne a valery larbaud : la forme en traduction ' myriam carr , salford 1030-1100 coffee 1100-1200 ` literary translation and cultural transmissibility ' michael wetherill , manchester 1200-1300 ` remakes and rewriting : questions of originality and authenticity ' lucy mazdon , southampton 1300-1400 lunch ( maxwell building , room 316 ) 1400-1500 ` the built-in obsolescence of translation ' robert thornberry , alberta 1500-1600 keynote lecture ` translation , imitation , appropriation : on working with impossible texts ' david bellos , manchester 1600-1630 tea 1630-1730 ` translating film : the impossible dream ' peter fawcett , bradford 1730-1830 ` why duplicate this particular solace ? : beckett 's self-translations ' jane walling , durham 1900-2030 conference dinner ( university house ) wednesday 5 april 0930-1030 ` j ' irai cracher sur vos tombes : a two-faced translation ' keith scott , aberystwyth 1030-1100 coffee 1100-1200 ` translating war poetry ' ian higgins , st andrews 1200-1300 keynote lecture ` the ethics of translation ' mary ann caws , city university of new york 1300-1400 lunch ( maxwell building , room 316 ) for further information and a registration form , please contact professor geoff harris or his secretary on + 44 161 745 5614 or e-mail : h . d . roberts @ mod-lang . salford . ac . uk department of modern languages university of salford salford m5 4wt united kingdom
  """",0
  1082,""""Subject: braille ipa
   
   at the end of 1994 , i sent out a request for information on a braille ipa . a number of people responded . i will begin by thanking them here ( in order of receipt of their messages ) : richard ogden sebastian adorjan dyhr martin lange david hathaway robert hoberman patrick griffiths robert englebretson one source is the royal national institute for the blind in england for which i was given two addresses : stephen phippen , chief editor braille transcription royal national institute for the blind po box 173 peterborough , england pe2 6ws telephone : 0345 023153 and royal national institute for the blind 224 , great portland street mount pleasant london great britain in addition , patrick griffiths wrote : ) alan kemp ( who has recently retired from the linguistics department at ) edinburgh university ) supplied me with computer versions of a braille ) phonetics system that he and bob ladd had devised for a student there a ) few years ago . i imagine that writing to or emailing dr d robert ladd , ) linguistics department , edinburgh university , 40 george square , edinburgh ) eh8 9ll , scotland , uk , would be a way of pursuing this lead . finally , robert englebretson , a grad student in linguistics at the university of california at santa barbara provided a very detailed message . he is himself blind and has used some form of transcription . among other things , he wrote : ) the basic source of information on the braille ipa system is the standard ) """""""" code of braille textbook formats and techniques , 1977 """""""" rule xix , section 45 , ) which gives a complete list of ipa and other commonly-used diacritics and ) symbols , and discusses rules for braille transcription of linguistics ) materials in general . ( the basic symbols listed in this work , with some ) additions and changes , are from """""""" a braille notation of the international ) phonetic alphabet """""""" , by w . percy merrick and w . potthoff , royal national ) institute for the blind , london , 1932 ; revised 1948 ) . the relevant section ) from """""""" code of braille textbook formats . . . """""""" gives a good overview of each ) braille symbol and how it is used , and describes the print symbol it ) represents . the verbal descriptions of the printed symbols are extremely ) useful , since they can provide a means of communicating about a particular ) symbol without having to see it visually . i have a copy of this section in ) both print and braille , and have found both very useful . i can provide ) information about where to get both a braille and a print copy of this ) section , if you are interested . ) a second work i have found useful , was compiled by a braille transcriber ) ( unfortunately now deceased ) who had a great interest in linguistics . it is ) entitled """""""" phonetic - phonemic symbols in tactile representation """""""" , and is a list ) of raised tactile drawings of print symbols , with their braille equivalents . ) this is a very useful work for a blind student to get a """""""" feel """""""" for the print ) symbols and also as a reference to the braille symbols . the braille edition ) of this booklet costs about $ 3 , and i will be happy to provide contact and ) ordering information upon request . ) i would very much like to get in touch with other people who know ) and / or use the ipa braille system ( both to possibly find braille ) transcribers who know it , as well as to """""""" network """""""" with others who ) either use braille or are interested in it . his email address is : 6500reng @ ucsbuxa . ucsb . edu
  """",0
  1083,""""Subject: re : 6 . 137 ipa
   
   i did n't follow this discussion , but my reaction is : ' altus ' only means its own opposite when translated into english ( or other languages ) . ' altus ' means ) altus ( , full stop . it 's more a property of the sea ( cf . german ' auf hoher see ' ) that it is ' high ' and 'd eep ' at the same time , depending on perspective ; latin choses to use the same expression for both perspectives . hartmut haberland
  """",0
  1084,""""Subject: re : 6 . 137 ipa
   
   hac ( h ) ek = little hook . is n't the reason why so many """""""" amerricanists """""""" used the hac ( h ) ek , especially for the two major affricates in english , related to the fact that these affricates in english function not as two things but as one thing ? now i am a bit confused , because i had usually used the word """""""" wedge """""""" for the diacritic above the """""""" c """""""" and the """""""" j """""""" - not """""""" hacek . """""""" also , if """""""" hacek """""""" means """""""" little hook """""""" as defined in pullum and ladusaw ( p . 29 ) , is n't it better related to the cedilla , which to me looks more like a little hook than the wedge ? ? ? diacritic mania ! hugh buckingham
  """",0
  1085,""""Subject: re : 6 . 108 sum : words that are their own opposites ( part 2 )
   
   ) bruce nevin reminds us of an intercontinental auto-antonym pair : """""""" public ) school """""""" in britain is """""""" private school """""""" in the usa and vice versa . ) well hardly . and certainly not vice-versa . the british public schools are a subset of the private schools . contrary to american impressions the term """""""" private school """""""" is widely used in uk , as is """""""" independent school """""""" in the same meaning . not all private schools are public schools . the term """""""" state school """""""" is the usual term for a school that is free for all pupils . anthea fraser gupta english language & literature national university of singapore kent ridge e-mail : ellgupta @ nus . sg singapore 0511 telephone : ( 65 ) 772 3933
  """",0
  1086,""""Subject: re : 6 . 139 words that are their own opposites
   
   benji wald ( 6 . 139 ) writes : ) but one that i have long wondered about is ) """""""" risk """""""" as in """""""" he risked winning the game """""""" . i was shocked ( as a teenager ) ) the first time i saw """""""" he risked losing the game """""""" ( or something like that ) ) in print , because i previously thought ( and am still inclined toward ) ) the complement of risk being the desirable result , not the undesirable ) one . whether or not this fits into this discussion , i wonder if anyone ) else has had a similar ( or opposite ) reaction or any thoughts ) about what 's going on in the case of """""""" risk """""""" . my intuition is certainly the opposite one ; ` he risked winning the game ' sounds ironical - makes sense only via the inference that winning the game is an undesirable result . for me ` risk ' is synonymous with ` take the risk of ' . is that also true for those who share benji 's intuition ? to use the morpheme _ risk _ in a construction which has benji 's interpretation of ` he risked winning the game ' , i would need to say ` he put winning the game at risk ' . is there a dialect difference here ? max wheeler school of cognitive & computing sciences university of sussex falmer brighton bn1 9qh uk
  """",0
  1087,""""Subject: re : 6 . 139 words that are their own opposites
   
   then there is the curious case of the word """""""" yet """""""" , which , as far as i know , formerly meant almost the same as german """""""" noch """""""" , but has shifted , through """""""" not yet """""""" , esp . in questions , to german """""""" schon """""""" . but here in toledo there are people ( my wife ) , who uze it in both meanings - - the syntax alone shows which .
  """",0
  1088,""""Subject: a semiotic view of win and dos ? for your musement . . .
   
   definitely , a play of musement : subject : the software schism ( fwd ) thanks to nancy owens ( nowens @ csun . edu ) and harold goldwhite ( harold _ goldwhite @ qmbridge . calstate . edu ) i append extracts from a piece by umberto eco that was first posted on the internet in oct . 94 : """""""" . . . i am firmly of the opinion that the macintosh is catholic and that dos is protestant . indeed the mac is counterreformist and has been influenced by the methodical path of the jesuits . it tells the faithful how they must proceed step by step to reach-if not the kingdom of heaven - the moment in which their document is printed . it is catechistic ; the essence of revelation is dealt with via simple formulae and sumptuous icons . . . . . dos is protestant and even calvinistic . it allows free interpretation of scripture , demands difficult personal decisions , imposes a subtle hermeneutics upon the user , and takes for granted the idea that not all can reach salvation . to make the system work you need to interpret it yourself ; the user is closed within the loneliness of his own inner torment . . . . . with the passage to windows the dos universe has come to resemble more closely the counterreformist tolerance of the mac . it 's true : windows represents an anglican - style schism - - big ceremonies in the cathedral but with the possibility of returning to dos to fiddle with things . with windows you can still decide to allow women and gays to be priests if you want to . and what about the machine language that lies beneath both operating systems ? ah , that is the stuff of the old testament , talmudic and kabbalistic . """""""" alan c . harris , ph . d . telnos : main off : 818-885 - 2853 professor , communication / linguistics direct off : 818-885 - 2874 speech communication department california state university , northridge home : 818-366 - 3165 spch csun fax : 818-885 - 2663 northridge , ca 91330-8257 internet email : aharris @ huey . csun . edu
  """",0
  1089,""""Subject: gurt 1995 ( conference program )
   
   georgetown university round table on languages and linguistics 1995 pre - sessions and conference : march 6-11 , 1995 """""""" linguistics and the education of second language teachers : ethnolinguistic , psycholinguistic , and sociolinguistic aspects """""""" main conference opening session : wednesday , march 8 , 1995 , 7 : 30 p . m . , georgetown campus , gaston hall ( registration required ) opening remarks : james e . alatis , dean emeritus , school of languages and linguistics chair , georgetown university round table 1995 honored guest : eugene garcia , director , obemla , u . s . department of education speaker : steve krashen , university of southern california the cause - effect confusion and the time issue in education opening reception to follow in icc galleria admission to all sessions by badge only ; registration materials and badges will not be mailed but may be picked up at registration center in intercultural center ( icc ) , exact location to be posted ; registration materials for march 8 evening session available in gaston hall foyer from 6 : 30 p . m . all pre-sessions on march 6 , 7 , and 8 and main sessions on march 9 , 10 , and 11 will be held in intercultural center ( rooms to be posted ) . detailed program with abstracts included in registration packets . thursday , march 9 , 1995 intercultural center plenary speakers : kathleen bailey , monterey institute of international studies what teachers say about teaching bessie dendrinos , university of athens , greece foreign language textbook discourse and pedagogization of the learner invited speakers : david r . andrews , georgetown university standard versus non-standard : the intersection of sociolinguistics and language teaching elsaid badawi , american university in cairo the use of arabic in egyptian t . v . commercials : a language simulator for the training of teachers of arabic as a foreign language kenneth chastain , university of virginia knowledge , language , and communication virginia p . collier , george mason university language acquisition for school : academic , cognitive , sociocultural , and linguistic processes joann crandall , university of maryland baltimore county reinventing schools : the role of the applied linguist nadine o'connor di vito , university of chicago using native speech to formulate past tense rules in french adam jaworski , university of wales , college of cardiff language awareness in applied linguistics students : evidence from linguistic and cultural heritage essays donna lardiere , georgetown university an update on transfer and transferability donald j . loritz , georgetown university unlearning learnability yuling pan , georgetown university addressee , setting , and verbal behavior : how relevant are they in foreign language teaching ? guy spielmann , georgetown university multidisciplinary integrated language education ( mile ) and second / foreign language teaching g . richard tucker , carnegie mellon university developing a research component within a teacher education program andrea tyler , georgetown university patterns of lexis : how much can repetition tell us about discourse coherence ? bill vanpatten , university of illinois , urbana - champaign is psycholinguistics relevant to language teaching ? shelley wong , university of maryland , college park curriculum transformation : a psycholinguistic course for prospective teachers of esol k 12 elizabeth zsiga , georgetown university phonology and phonetics in the education of second language teachers : the representation of some variable rules of english friday , march 10 , 1995 intercultural center plenary speakers : leslie m . beebe , teachers college , columbia university polite fictions : instrumental rudeness as pragmatic competence joan morley , university of michigan maximizing learning invited speakers : vincent j . cangiano , el houcine haichour , stephanie j . stauffer , georgetown university taming the electronic lion , or how to shape a language learning environment out of the chaos called the internet jeff connor - linton , georgetown university late night thoughts on complexity , linguistics , and language teaching barbara a . craig , georgetown university boundary discourse and the authority of knowledge in the second language classroom madeline e . ehrman , u . s . department of state , fsi personality , language learning aptitude , and program structure aviva freedman , carleton university , ottawa """""""" situating """""""" learning to write for the l2 teacher william c . hannas , georgetown university teaching chinese teachers what constitutes """""""" chinese """""""" susan huss - lederman , georgetown university """""""" wait wait wait wait ! """""""" a sociolinguistic analysis of repetition in the speech of adult beginning esl learners using instructional software kurt r . jankowsky , georgetown university on the need to unlearn in the foreign language learning process ronald p . leow , georgetown university teacher education and psycholinguistics : making teachers psycholinguists steven j . loughrin - sacco , boise state university research internships : involving undergraduate foreign language secondary education majors in ethnographic research anne pakir , national university of singapore beginning at the end : """""""" bilingual education for all """""""" in singapore and teacher perception sophia c . papaefthymiou - lytra , university of athens , greece culture and the teaching of foreign languages : a case study teresa pica , university of pennsylvania teaching language and teaching language learners : the expanding role and expectations of language teachers in communicative content-based classrooms peter schmitter , martin - luther - universit t halle - wittenberg , germany structural or cognitive semantics as a topic in the linguistic education of second language teachers ? charles w . stansfield , second language testing , inc . considerations in the writing of sopi prompts monique y . wong , hellenic american union , greece using simulation to develop negotiation strategies in a foreign language saturday , march 11 , 1995 intercultural center plenary speakers : marianne celce - murcia , university of california , los angeles the elaboration of sociolinguistic competence : implications for teacher education diane larsen - freeman , school for international training on the changing role of linguistics in the education of second language teachers : past , present , and future invited speakers : catherine n . ball , georgetown university providing comprehensible input in a dead foreign language : two text-based strategies isolda e . carranza , georgetown university multi - level analysis of two-way bilingual classroom discourse anna uhl chamot , georgetown university learning strategies of elementary foreign language immersion students mary el - kadi , old dominion university discourse analysis of classroom interaction and the training of esl teachers elaine k . horwitz , university of texas at austin foreign language anxiety and foreign language teachers : what can teacher educators do ? christina kakava , mary washington college directness and indirectness in professor student interaction : the intersection of contextual and cultural constraints david nunan , university of hong kong systemic - functional linguistics and the education of second language teachers : a case study linju ogasawara , japanese ministry of education ( ret . ) native cultural interference in japanese english usage john j . staczek , georgetown university metalinguistic talk in mature l2 adult-learner classroom discourse stephanie j . stauffer , georgetown university reap what you sow : in - service training for language teachers for computer-mediated communication steven sternfeld , university of utah from hirsch 's dystopia to hakuta 's utopia : a call for multilingual alliance weiping wu , center for applied linguistics education of second language teachers : the link between linguistic theory and teaching practice dolly j . young , university of tennessee language anxiety in sl acquisition : using a wider angle of focus raffaella zanuttini , georgetown university dialectal variation as an insight into the structure of language gen - yuan zhuang , hangzhou university , prc what they hear is not what they read : speech perception and the training of english teachers in china * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * other georgetown conferences : * georgetown linguistics society , gls 1995 , developments in discourse analysis , february 17-19 , 1995 . plenary speakers : frederick erickson , charles goodwin , heidi hamilton , deborah schiffrin , roger shuy , and deborah tannen . contact : gls 1995 , g . u . dept . of linguistics , icc 479 , washington , dc 20057-1068 ; gls @ guvax . georgetown . edu ; gls @ guvax . bitnet ; tel : 202 / 687-6166 . * international linguistics association , ila , discourse and text analysis , march 10-12 , 1995 . contact : ruth brend , 3363 burbank dr . , ann arbor , mi 48105 ; ruth . brend @ um . cc . umich . edu ; tel : 313 / 665-2787 ; fax : ( 313 ) 665-9743 ; email : ruth . brend @ um . cc . umich . edu * 9th annual symposium on arabic linguistics , march 10-12 , 1995 . contact g . u . arabic department , icc 463 , washington , dc 20057-1082 ; solernoe @ guvax . georgetown . edu ; tel : 202 / 687 - 5743 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * pre-conference sessions : march 6 - 8 , 1995 the pre-conference sessions will be held in the intercultural center of georgetown university . please contact the individual organizers for more information on the content of the sessions only . to register , see registration form or contact gurt coordinator . monday , march 6 , 1995 spanish linguistics i organizers : dr . hector campos , mr . eric holt , and ms . norma catalan g . u . department of spanish washington , dc 20057-0989 ( 202 ) 687-6134 hcampos @ guvax . georgetown . edu issues in slavic linguistics organizer : dr . david r . andrews g . u . department of russian washington , dc 20057-0990 ( 202 ) 687-6108 / 6147 andrewsd @ guvax . georgetown . edu african linguistics vi organizer : rev . solomon sara , s . j . , ph . d . g . u . department of linguistics washington , dc 20057-1068 ( 202 ) 687-5956 ssara @ guvax . georgetown . edu discourse and agency : responsibility and deception organizer : dr . patricia e . o'connor g . u . department of english washington , dc 20057-1048 ( 202 ) 687-7622 ; fax : 687-5445 oconnorpe @ guvax . georgetown . edu tuesday , march 7 , 1995 spanish linguistics ii organizers : dr . hector campos , mr . eric holt , and ms . norma catalan g . u . department of spanish washington , dc 20057-0989 ( 202 ) 687-6134 hcampos @ guvax . georgetown . edu teaching and learning spoken arabic organizer : dr . margaret nydell g . u . department of arabic washington , dc 20057-1082 ( 202 ) 687-5743 history of linguistics organizer : dr . kurt r . jankowsky g . u . department of german washington , dc 20057-0994 ( 202 ) 687-5812 innovative audio and looking at multimedia ( two sessions ) organizer : jackie m . tanner , director g . u . language learning technology washington , dc 20057-0987 ( 202 ) 687-5766 jtanner @ guvax . georgetown . edu issues in foreign language program direction i organizer : dr . ronald p . leow g . u . spanish dept . washington , dc 20057-0909 ( 202 ) 687-6134 rleow @ guvax . georgetown . edu wednesday , march 8 , 1995 computer - mediated discourse analysis organizer : dr . susan herring program in linguistics university of texas arlington , tx 76019 ( 817 ) 273-3133 susan @ utafll . uta . edu celebration of bilingual immersion programs organizer : prof . dorothy b . goodman friends of international education p . o . box 4800 washington , dc 20008 ( 202 ) 363-8510 issues in foreign language program direction ii organizer : dr . ronald p . leow g . u . department of spanish washington , dc 20057-0989 ( 202 ) 687-6134 rleow @ guvax . georgetown . edu * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tutorials ( for connor - linton and spielmann tutorials , maximum of 20 participants ; no participant limit for krashen workshop ) : monday , march 6 """""""" criterion - referenced curriculum and test development for language teachers and administrators """""""" presenter : dr . jeff connor - linton , g . u . dept of linguistics , ( 202 ) 687-5956 tuesday , march 7 """""""" language acquisition and language education : a review of research and theory and current issues """""""" presenter : dr . steve krashen , school of education , university of southern california , los angeles , ca 90089-0031 wednesday , march 8 authentic documents in the language class : theoretical perspectives and didactic applications presenter : dr . guy spielmann , g . u . department of french , ( 202 ) 687-5717 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * for registration and other information , please contact carolyn a . straehle , coordinator * gurt 1995 * georgetown university school of languages and linguistics * 303 intercultural center * washington , dc 20057-1067 * e-mail : gurt @ guvax . bitnet or gurt @ guvax . georgetown . edu * voice : 202 / 687-5726 * fax : 202 / 687-5712 * * * * * * * to obtain gurt ' 95 information from the world wide web , use the following address : url : http : / / www . georgetown . edu / conferences / gurt95 / gurt95 . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * for inexpensive student accommodations , contact : washington student center at the washington international ayh - hostel 1009 11th street , nw washington , dc 20001 tel : ( 202 ) 737-2333 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  1090,""""Subject: citing e-texts
   
   dear linguists , this is not linguist - l - specific , but my colleagues and i would really welcome some wisdom on a citation problem . how does one cite electronic versions of literary and other texts brought down from the net / web ? there are no page or paragraph numbers and even the provenance of the text is not always clear ( e . g . from what print edition was it keyed-in or scanned ? ) . the * mla handbook * ( 3rd edition , which is the latest we have ) , and the agps * style manual * ( the australian standard ) offer no help . indeed , has anyone in linguistic / literary studies put together a set of consistent formats for citing electronic-archived material , e-list contributions , e-texts , e-journals etc . ? we would greatly appreciate some guidance , be it informed or inspired . jan tent department of literature and language school of humanities the university of the south pacific p . o . box 1168 suva fiji tel : ( 679 ) 313900 ext . 2263 fax : ( 679 ) 305053 e - mail : tent _ j @ usp . ac . fj
  """",0
  1091,""""Subject: references in slavic syntax
   
   dear linguists , i am going to write a coursework in syntax on government and binding grammar basis . i have preliminary chosen two topics : """""""" formation of yes - no questions in russian """""""" or """""""" double negation in russian """""""" ( like """""""" he does not eat nothing """""""" ) . could you send me some references on these two topics so that i could read the relevant literature and choose one of the topics . i would prefer references on yes-no question formation and double negation in slavic languages but any references on these topics will do , preferred are references in gb framework . thank you , elena rudnitskaya .
  """",0
  1092,""""Subject: slow spanish accent
   
   just wondering if any of you native spanish speakers or those who have lived in central and south american spanish speaking countries know of a corrollary to the following ones for french and german . the french in france often refer to the swiss french as having very slow speech . my experience living in europe for a number of years does indicate that there is some truth to that , although i have not done any quantifiable research on the subject . the swiss germans also appear to to have a slower rate of speech than do other german speakers i know . 2 questions : 1 . do spanish speakers from central and south america refer to spanish speakers in any single country as people that typically speak slowerslower than those from other countries ? and those who faster or the fastest ? 2 . has any research been done on this subject for any of theose languages and / or for english ? please send replies directly to me at : allenjh @ cat . com or jhallen @ indiana . edu thanks jeff allen
  """",0
  1093,""""Subject: sum : register in the pre-school age
   
   summary : references on the topic : register and / or genre in the pre-school age a week before christmas i sent out a query about references on the topic : register and / or genre in the pre-school age . this is a summary of the replies i got from netters on the linguist list and info - childes . i wish to express my thanks to all of you who responded . i ' ll do this collectively now , since i will not be referring to single respondents in the following list of references . caroline liberg allen , m . s . , m . k . kentoy , j . c . sherlbom , & i . m . petit , 1994 . children 's narrative productions : a comparison of personal events and fictional stories . * applied psycholinguistics * 15 , 149-176 , barro - zecker , l . ( 1991 ) . young children 's early literacy development across genres . unpublished doctoral dissertation , university of michigan , ann arbor , mi . elizabeth bates ( 1976 ) . chapter 9 : acquisition of polite forms : experimental evidence from ' language & context : the acquisition of pragmatics . san francisco : academic press . bauman , r . ( 1982 ) . ethnography of children 's folklore . in p . gilmore & a . a . glatthorn ( eds . ) , children in and out of school : ethnography and education ( pp . 172-186 ) . washington , dc . : center for applied linguistics . beals , d . e . & snow , c . e . ( 1994 ) ' thunder is when the angels are upstairs bowling ' : narratives and explanations at the dinner table . journal of narrative and life history . vol 4 no . 4 , pp . 331-352 berman , r . a . & d . i . slobin , 1994 . * relating events in narrative : a crosslssinguistic developmental study * . erlbaum brady , m . , & eckhardt , r . ( 1975 ) . black girls at play : folkloric perspectives on child development . austin , tx : southwest educational development laboratory . dowker , a . ( 1989 ) . rhyme and alliteration in poems elicited from young children . journal of child language , 16 , 181-202 . charles ferguson ( 1977 ) . baby talk as a simplified register . in snow & ferguson ( eds . ) , ' talking to children . ' hasan , r . ( 1989 ) . linguistics , language , and verbal art . oxford : oxford university press . hicks , d . ( 1990 ) . narrative skills and genre knowledge : ways of telling in the primary school grades . applied psycholinguistics , 11 ( 1 ) , 83-104 . himley , m . ( 1986 ) . genre as generative : one perspective on one child 's early writing growth . in m . nystrand , the structure of written communication : studies in reciprocity between writers and readers ( pp . 137-157 ) . new york : academic press . kamberelis , g . ( 1994 ) . tropes are for kids : young children 's developing understanding of narrative , poetic , and expository written discourse genres . ( doctoral dissertation , university of michigan , 1993 ) . dissertation abstracts international , 54 ( 12 ) , 4379a . kroll , l . ( 1990 , april ) . making meaning in writing : a longitudinal study of young children 's writing development . paper presented at the annual conference of the american educational research association , boston , ma . langer , j . a . ( 1986 ) . children reading and writing : structures and strategies . norwood , nj : ablex . martin , j . 1983 . in fine & freedle , eds . * developmental issues in discourse * , pp . 1-40 ( ablex ) martin , j . r . ( 1984 ) . language , register and genre . children writing : reader ( pp . 21-30 ) . ( ect418 language studies ) . geelong , victoria , australia : deakin university press . newkirk , t . ( 1989 ) . more than stories : the range of children 's writing . portsmouth , nh : heinemann . e . ochs keenan ( 1983 ) . conversational competence in children . in ochs & schieffelin , ' acquiring conversational competence . ' pappas , c . c . ( 1993 ) . is narrative """""""" primary """""""" ? some insights from kindergartners ' pretend readings of stories and information books . journal of reading behavior : a journal of literacy , 25 ( 1 ) , 97-129 . suzanne romaine : """""""" the language of children and adolescents """""""" , blackwell , 1984 . elaine slosberg andersen ( 1992 ) . ' speaking with style : the sociolinguistic skills of children . london and new york : routledge . sowers , s . ( 1985 ) . the story and the all-about book . in j . hansen , t . newkirk , & d . graves , ( eds . ) , breaking ground : teachers relate reading and writing in the elementary school ( pp . 73 - 82 ) . portsmouth , nh : heinemann . stoel - gammon , c . , & scliar - cabral , l . ( 1977 ) . learning how to tell it like it is : the development of the reportative function in children 's speech . papers and reports on child language development , 13 ( ed 144 383 ) , stanford university , stanford , ca . toolan , m . 1988 . * narrative : a critical linguistic introduction . * watson , r . ( 1989 ) . literate discourse and cognitive organization : some relations between parents ' talk and three-year - olds ' thought . applied psycholinguistics , 10 ( 2 ) , 221-236 . d . wolf , j . moreton , & l . camp ( 1994 ) . children 's acquisition of different kinds of narrative discourse : genres and lines of talk . in j . sokolov & c . e . snow , eds . * handbook of research in language development using childes * , erlbaum , pp . 286-323 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * caroline liberg dept of linguistics , uppsala university box 513 , s-751 20 uppsala , sweden fax : + 46 18 181416 tel : + 46 18 181344 e-mail : caroline . liberg @ ling . uu . se
  """",0
  1094,""""Subject: sum : c gemination ( syntactic )
   
   content - length : 10885 summary of data on syntactic gemination of consonants a couple of weeks ago i posted a query on what i termed """""""" syntactic gemination """""""" , for which i got information from no fewer than 15 respondents . i am very grateful to them all . here they are , listed in alphabetical order : list of the 15 respondents : prathima christdas ( prathima . christdas @ um . cc . umich . edu ) vincent decaen ( decaen @ epas . utoronto . ca ) lance eccles ( lance . eccles @ mq . edu . au ) maik gibson ( llrgbson @ reading . ac . uk ) david gil ( ellgild @ nusvm . bitnet ) ralf grosserhode ( afrikanistik2 @ uni-bayreuth . de ) jacques guy ( j . guy @ trl . oz . au ) marcia haag ( haag @ monk . nhn . uoknor . edu ) mark robert hale ( hale1 @ alcor . concordia . ca ) bruce nevin ( bnevin @ lightstream . com ) john phillips ( john @ ccyi . ccy . yamaguchi-u . ac . jp ) mari siiroinen ( siiroinen @ cc . helsinki . fi ) norbert strade ( lingnost @ hum . aau . dk ) mark verhijde ( mark . verhyde @ let . ruu . nl ) caroline r . wiltshire ( wiltshir @ minerva . cis . yale . edu ) the term """""""" syntactic gemination """""""" was not specific enough , as i had in mind only gemination at word boundaries , and not word-internal gemination at morpheme boundaries . nevertheless i will mention such cases as have been pointed out by respondents . besides , in my haste , i had forgotten to mention classical greek , which i had also taken into account in the preliminary version of my paper . here are the data : a syntactic gemination at word-boundary a . 1 - italian this is the """""""" raddoppiamento sintattico """""""" of central and southern italian . nevertheless the conditions under which this appears seem to vary considerably among the dialects ( and the speakers ? ) . for instance , the example """""""" a casa """""""" [ a ' kkasa ] , taken from lepschy & lepschy ( 1981 ) is not accepted in the dialect of an italian colleague at my university . a . 2 & a . 3 - biblical hebrew and phenician in these languages the definite article / ha / triggers gemination of the initial consonant of the following word ( except for certain consonants ) . for instance , in bh , we have / su : s / ( horse ) , but / ha ssu : s / ( the horse ) . the same would seem to apply to phenician ( see the grammars by segert , van den branden ) , although we have only one epigraphic attestation in punic . the explanation is that a proto-article is reconstructed as * / han / or * / hal / , so that * / hal su : s / ) * / has su : s / , then reinterpreted as / ha ssu : s / . this hypothesis has been connected with the arabic data : the final c of the article / ? al / is assimilated to the initial c of the following word ( at least for the socalled """""""" sun """""""" cs ) . for instance : / ? as samak / ( the f ish ) . 46or arabic , gibson adds this : in tunisian arabic there is a clearer case ( @ is schwa ) : shaaf - @ t 's aw - 3sf ' """""""" she saw """""""" shaaf - @ tt-u 's aw - 3sf-3sm ' """""""" she saw him """""""" the doubling is done to maintain syllable structure , but this is not the20 normal way . we would normally expect the elision of @ , to shaaf-t - u , but20 this does not happen in the 3s feminine past . a . 4 - classical greek in attic greek word-initial / r - / goes to / rr - / under certain conditions after a word ending in a short final v . in epic texts , or in other dialects , this gemination is extended to other sonants : / l - , m - , n - / . we even find / pp - / attested in boeotian these four languages were the only instances known to me when i posted the query . incidentally , note that they are different from the cases of latin """""""" hic """""""" and """""""" hoc """""""" , which were pronounced / hikk / and / hokk / before a word beginning with a v . the form / hokk / is original ( and / hikk / analogically modelled after it ) , so that diachrony forces us to say that / hokk / is simplified into / hok / before a c - initial word . here are now the additional data kindly supplied by my respondents , which i paste freely . a . 5 - finnish ( eccles , siiroinen , strade ) there is consonant gemination at word boundaries in certain cases in finnish . it is morphologically conditioned though it is """""""" syntactic """""""" . several morphemes or forms trigger it : imperative 2nd person singular ( ota ' take ' / otas se ' take it ' ) , allative case ( annan sinulle ' i - give to-you ' / annan sinullek kirjan ' i - give to-you a book ' ) , most of the nouns ending in - e ( kirje ' a letter ' / kirjet tuli ' a letter arrived ' ) and so on . other examples : in some negative forms : * en mene sinne * ( i do n't go there ) , pronounced20 * en menes sinne * negation + v - stem + there verb ( go ) 20 1 . sg . the same in imperative : * a """""""" la """""""" mene sinne * ( do n't go there ! ) , 20 pronounced : 20 * a """""""" la """""""" menes sinne * neg . verb imp . 2 . sg . also in the so called """""""" 1 . infinitive """""""" : * ha """""""" nen pita """""""" isi tulla ta """""""" nne * ( he / she ought to20 come here ) , pron : * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tullat ta """""""" nne * 20 inf . 1 here 20 the background for this gemination is the historical loss of a final consonant in the suffix-less verbal stem and in the mentioned infinitive form . this consonant was assimilated to a following consonant . while it disappeared without any trace in an end position or in front of a vowel , the gemination of the following consonant was retained . this feature is n't marked in orthography . a . 6 & a . 7 - tamil and malayalam ( christdas , wiltshire ) tamil has gemination of word initial stops following words with some case markings ( accusative at least ) . a brief account can be found in christdas , prathima ( 1987 ) """""""" on constraining the power of lexical phonology : evidence from tamil """""""" in mcdonough , j . and plunkett ( eds ) proceedings of nels 17 , volume 1 : 122-146 . 20 syntactic gemination is also found in malayalam , a closely related language . a . 8 - celtic languages ( phillips ) the celtic languages have """""""" mutations """""""" , changes to the beginnings of words due to their syntactic environment . types of mutations include prefixing of h or n to a vowel and voicing , devoicing , nasalising , etc . , of consonants . one of the mutations in old irish was gemination . the welsh spirant mutation is historically cognate with irish gemination , e . g . ci """""""" dog """""""" , but tri chi """""""" three dogs """""""" , cath a chi """""""" a cat and a dog """""""" , though gemination in old irish occurred in a much wider range of environments . some of the mutations in breton are realised phonetically as gemination , though spelt otherwise . on other cases of c - mutation , see the mention by verhijede below ( fulla , southern paiute ) . a . 9 - the kelantan dialect of malay ( gil ) in the kelantan dialect of malay , agents of passive clauses ( ie . """""""" by """""""" - phrases ) are marked not with a preposition ( as in standard malay ) , but , rather , by gemination of the initial consonant . cb : if i understand this correctly , the preposition has been ellipted ? b - word - internal syntactic gemination word - internal syntactic gemination seems to be widespread , probably more than gemination at word-boundary . as pointed out by nevin , in many languages , some phonotactic effects apply only in certain syntactically defined domains , for example , in roots or in verb stems , but not in affixes . hale adds that the number of languages which show this process is quite large . for instance there are some oceanic examples . at any rate , both sanskrit and ( if the meter is to be believed ) and preclassical ( homeric ) greek show such processes . here are a few specific instances : b . 1 - classical greek word - internal / r / is geminated to / rr / after the augment or after a vowel in compounds , variably . b . 2 - choctaw ( haag ) choctaw ( a muskogean lg of n . america ) has an inflectional form ( for aspect marking ) that involves deformation of the stem such that a medial consonant is geminated , or / y / is inserted an geminated if there are not the requisite number of syllables . so we have falama ` return ' becoming fallaama ` finally return ' while ala ` arrive ' becomes ayyaala ` finally arriv e ' . b . 2 - sakao ( guy ) sakao is a language spoken at espiritu santo , , in vanuatu ( formerly new - hebrides ) . when the direct object is incorporated in the verb , the initial c of the verb is geminated . examples , with son 3d to hunt / shoot with a bow , enes 3d fish : moson enes 3d he is fishing fish with a bow ( now ) but : mossones 3d he fishes fish with a bow ( generally ) , il peche a l ' arc analysis : mv - 3eme p . sg . realis sson20 nes ( ( enes with disappearance of the compulsory article v - , then simplification of the two n 's inro one n ) nb : o 3d open o ( ipa """""""" open o """""""" in pullum & ladusaw , p . 117 ) e 3d open e ( ipa epsilon ) b . 3 - biblical hebrew gil adds this on hebrew : in biblical hebrew the 2nd binyan ( """""""" pi99el """""""" ) is formed by reduplication of the 2nd root consonant , together with the appropriate choice of vowels . now in most part , the binyan system is considered """""""" derivational """""""" and hence not , strictly speaking , syntactic ; however , in some cases , the 2nd binyan is the """""""" transitive """""""" or """""""" causitive """""""" of the first , in which case gemination ( plus vowel pattern ) does have a syntactic function . let me end by a more theoretical note , quoting verhijde : your question touches upon the fields of interaction between morphology-syntax and phonology ( prosody ) . now as far as i know , all c - gemination is in itself strictly phonological . thus if i understand your question correctly , you wish to find out whether there are languages that appear have morphological / syntactic triggers for c - gemination . there is a huge bulk of material on sandhi - effects , as for example the italian rs case you mentioned in your query . perhaps ellen kaisse ( 1985 ) , _ connected speech _ may be of some help . now with respect to your query : i was thinking ( from a phonological point of view ) that c - gemination is really : share melody . or in more abstract terms : share [ x ] . if this is correct , then for example c - mutation ( like in fula , southern paiute and celtic languages ) under syntactic considerations may become very interesting for you . thans again to all of you who generously answered my question . claude boisson universite lumiere , lyon , france ( claude . boisson @ mrash . fr )
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  1095,""""Subject: 
   
   phonology & phonetics leiden in last : hil phonology papers i ( hil publications 1 ) . edited by harry van der hulst & jeroen van de weijer . the hague : holland academic graphics . pb . isbn 90-5569 - 008 - 2 . 431pp . jan 1995 . dfl 60 ( incl . p&p , excl . 6 % vat ) . e - mail : 72113 . 335 @ compuserve . com a collection of sixteen articles presented at the first hil phonology conference held in leiden in january 1993 . covers a wide variety of topics in segmental and metrical phonology . with an introductory text , presenting the most important theoretical developments in phonology of the last decade . contributors : harry van der hulst & jeroen van de weijer , outi bat - el , cynthia brown , mike davenport , daniel dor , j | rgen geilmann , janet grijzenhout , tracy hall , karijn helsloot , harry van der hulst & aone van engelenhoven , ren / e kager , blanca palmada , glyne piggott , krisztina polga / rdi , wendy sandler , elan dresher & harry van der hulst . new publication : the handbook of phonological theory , edited by john a . goldsmith ( university of chicago ) . 1995 . published by basil blackwell , oxford and cambridge ma . 32 chapters from 37 authors surveying the field of contemporary phonological theory . 992 pages . price is $ 79 . 95 ( hardcover ) in north america , and 70 pounds sterling elsewhere . blackwell 's email address for inspection copies is blkwell @ world . std . com in the us , and inspcopies @ cix . compulink . co . uk in the uk . pragmatics rudanko , juhani . 1993 . pragmatic approaches to shakespeare . essays on othello , coriolanus and timon of athens . lanham , new york and london : the university press of america . the book explores and develops methods of linguistic pragmatics that can , it is suggested , be applied to the study of dramatic dialogue in three shakespearean tragedies . as far as othello is concerned , the methods applied include topic analysis and case grammar analysis , the latter applied to soliloquies ; in the case of coriolanus there is a focus on speech act analysis , and as for timon of athens , it is proposed that politeness theory sheds light on themes of the play . it is argued that the practical application of methods of linguistic pragmatics contributes to a better understanding of the three plays as dramatic works of art and also leads to the further refinement of the methods themselves as tools of analysis . east asian langs koizumi , m . and ura , h . ( eds . ) formal approaches to japanese linguistics 1 : proceedings of the may 1994 mit conference mit working papers in linguistics # 24 1994 411 pp . syntax $ 15 + p / h ( $ 2 in us , else $ 3 ) . distributed by mitwpl , 20d-219 mit , cambridge ma 02139 ( mitwpl @ mit . edu ) papers by t . aikawa ; h . aoyagi ; c . brockett ; s . dubinsky ; y . endo ; y . kato ; r . kawashima ; a . kikuchi , m . oishi , & n . yusa ; n . kimura ; h . kitahara ; m . koizumi ; a . nakamura ; m . nakayama ; m . saito ; h . sakai ; k . - w . sohn ; n . tsujimura ; h . ura ; j . venditti & h . yamashita ; s . watanabe .
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  1096,""""Subject: intensive summer arabic language institute
   
   the georgetown arabic department of the school of languages and linguistics will host intensive courses in modern standard arabic worth 12 undergraduate credits . elem , interm . , advanced and a course in arabic - eng . translation will be offered . for pamphlet , contact : belkacem baccouche , director , georgetown university , arabic dept . , washington , d . c . 20057-1082 . ( 202 ) 687-5743
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  1097,""""Subject: m . a . in scandinavian linguistics
   
   m . a . in scandinavian linguistics at the university of tromsoe 1995-1996 ( corrected version ) the linguistics section of the institute for language and literature at the university of tromsoe , norway , offers a one year course leading up to a master of arts degree , starting the fall of 1995 . the course is designed to prepare students for research in generative syntax and phonology with special attention to the scandinavian languages . the course is open to students from all countries with a background in linguistics corresponding roughly to a b . a . with a major in linguistics , or a norwegian cand . mag . the course is equivalent to 60 e . c . t . s credits . instruction will be in english . proficiency in a scandinavian language is not required , nor is previous knowledge of scandinavian grammar . those who wish may follow a course in norwegian for foreigners during the whole year . students pay no tuition , only a nominal registration fee . a limited number of grants are available for students from eastern europe or developing countries . the course will consist of lectures , seminars , and tutorials , with examinations at the end of each term ( fall and spring term ) . in addition , the students are required to write two research papers . in the fall of 1995 there will be a lecture series on scandinavian syntax and another one on scandinavian phonology . in addition there will be seminars , tutorials , and a crash course in icelandic grammar . in the spring of1996 there will be a lecture series on historical scandinavian linguistics , plus seminars and tutorials . also during spring term the students will write their two research papers . the teachers are anders holmberg and tarald taraldsen ( syntax ) , ove lorenz and curtis rice ( phonology ) . other teachers who will contribute at various points in the course include christer platzack , cecilia falk ( university of lund ) , halldor a . sigurdsson ( university of iceland ) , tomas riad ( university of stockholm ) . for further information , contact anders holmberg isl , linguistics university of tromsoe n-9037 tromsoe , norway phone : 47-77645616 , fax : 47-77645625 e-mail : andersh @ isl . uit . no
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  1098,""""Subject: fulbright announcement : please post / disseminate to lists
   
   fulbright announcement : please post / disseminate to lists subject fulbright scholar program competition for 1996-97 : fulbright chairs in western europe and canada action : submissions due may 1 , 1995 info : dr . karen adams or ms . margo cunniffe council for international exchange of scholars 3007 tilden street , n . w . , suite 5m washington , dc 20008-3009 telephone : 202-686 - 6245 or 202 / 686-6242 fax : 202-362 - 3442 internet : we1 @ ciesnet . cies . org * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * award descriptions : 1 . italy : venice chair department of philosophy and theory of sciences , university of venice . three months , between 2 / 97 and 6 / 97 . specialty : philosophy of language or theoretical linguistics . assignment : grantee will teach on both graduate and undergraduate levels and is to offer an advanced class in either contemporary theoretical linguistics ( theory of syntax and the syntax of logical form ) or contemporary philosophy of language ( theory of meaning , semantics of natural language , theory of predication , language and ontology ) . lecturing in english . 2 . italy : naples chair department of modern philology , university of naples . three months , between 3 / 1 / 97 and 5 / / 31 / 97 . specialty : american literature , american cultural studies , american language , or general linguistics . assignment : lecturing in english . occasional guest lectures at other cultural institutions in naples and elsewhere in italy .
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  1099,""""Subject: esslli
   
   seventh european summer school in logic language and information barcelona , august 14-25 1995 for more information contact : esslli95 gilcub avda . vallvidrera 25 08017 barcelona fax + 43 3 2054656 tlf + 43 3 2033597 e - mail esslli95 @ gilcub . es general information the summer school the seventh european summer school in logic , language and information will be held at the biology faculty of barcelona university from august 14th to 25th . the school is organized under the auspices of the european foundation of logic , language and information ( folli ) , jointly by universitat de barcelona , universitat rovira i virgili , universitat autonoma de barcelona , and universitat politecnica de catalunya . the previous summer schools took place at rijks universiteit groningen in the netherlands in1989 , at the katholieke universiteit leuven in belgium in 1990 , at the universitat saarlandes , saarbrucken in germany in 1991 , at the university of essex colchester in the united kingdomin 1992 , at the faculdade de letras da universidade de lisboa in portugal in 1993 , and at the copenhagen business school in denmark in 1994 . for these schools financial support was derived from a variety of sources , including the commision of the european community , through the erasmus programme and the dg xiii , research networks , national research councils , and industrial sponsors . the same kind of support is expected for the 1995 school . the main focus of the summer school is the interface between logic , linguistics and computation , where it concerns the modelling of human linguistic and cognitive abilities . the 1995 school programme will include courses , workshops , and symposia covering a variety of topics within six areas of interest : logic , language , computation , logic and computation , computation and language , language and logic . courses will be cast at both introductory and advanced levels . introductory courses are designed to familiarize students with new fields and do not presuppose any background knowledge , while advanced courses are designed to allow participants to acquire more specialized expertise in areas they are already familiar with . workshops will be chaired by an expert in ther field and will provide an opportunity for phd students and other young researchers to present their work and gain informed feedback and useful contacts . symposia will typically consist of a series of presentations on a timely topic by people active in the relevant areas . both workshops and symposia are intended to encourage collaboration and cross fertilization of ideas by stimulatingin-depth discussion of issues which are at the forefront of current research in the field . there will also be a series of invited evening lecturers by well-known experts in their field . accomodation there will be accomodation available . more information will appear in following anouncements . course programme section : logic and language algebraic semantics for natural language name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : godehard link affiliation ( s ) : institut fur philosophie , logik und wissenschaftstheorie ( iplw ) universitat munchen e - mail : glink @ cis . uni-muenchen . de type : introductory formal forays into language name of lecturers : jan van eijck and jan jaspars affiliation ( s ) : cwi , amsterdam and ots , utrecht e - mail : jve @ cwi . nl / jaspars @ cwi . nl type : introductory the dynamics of structure name of lecturer ( s ) : c . vermeulen , a . visser affiliation ( s ) : department of philosophy e - mail : albert . visser @ phil . ruu . nl , kees . vermeulen @ phil . ruu . nl type : advanced nearness and syntactic influence spheres name of lecturer : marcus kracht affiliation : department of mathematics , fu berlin e - mail : kracht @ math . fu-berlin . de type : advanced feature logics and infinitary descriptions name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : bill keller affiliation ( s ) : school of cognitive and computing sciences , university of sussex e - mail : billk @ cogs . susx . ac . uk type : advanced a mathematical theory of language learnability name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : dick de jongh and makoto kanazawa affiliation ( s ) : department of mathematics and computer science , university of amsterdam department of cognitive and information sciences , faculty of letters , chiba university e - mail : dickdj @ fwi . uva . nl and kanazawa @ cogsci . l . chiba-u . ac . jp type : advanced complex part structures and natural language name of lecturer : friederike moltman affiliation : dept of philosophy , city university of new york ( cuny ) e - mail : isagc @ cunyvm . bitnet type : advanced properties and types name of organizer : chris fox affiliation : department of computer science university of essex e - mail : foxcj @ essex . ac . uk type : workshop formal epistemology name of organizer : hans rott affiliation ( s ) : university of konstanz e - mail : pirott @ nyx . uni-konstanz . de type : workshop underspecification in computational semantics name of organizer : robin cooper and massimo poesio ( fracas ) affiliation ( s ) : university of edinburgh e - mail : { cooper , poesio } @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk type : symposium section : logic introduction to modal logic name of lecturer : ramon jansana affiliation : department of logic , history and philosophy of science , universitat de barcelona , spain . e - mail : jansana @ cerber . ub . es type : introductory temporal logic name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : ian hodkinson affiliation ( s ) : imperial college london e - mail : imh @ doc . ic . ac . uk type : advanced descriptive complexity theory name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : flum , joerg affiliation ( s ) : mathematisches institut , universitaet freiburg , e - mail : flum @ sun1 . ruf . uni-freiburg . de type : advanced algebraizations of sentential logics name of lecturer : josep maria font affiliation : faculty of mathematics , university of barcelona e - mail : font @ cerber . mat . ub . es type : advanced some new trends in algebraic logic name of organizer : josep maria font affiliation : faculty of mathematics , university of barcelona e - mail : font @ cerber . mat . ub . es type : workshop advanced modal logic name of lecturers : patrick blackburn , maarten de rijke and y de venema . affiliation : patrick blackburn , ( universitat des saarlandes , saarbrucken ) , maarten de rijke ( cwi , amsterdam ) , and yde venema ( vrije universiteit , amsterdam ) . e - mail : patrick @ coli . uni-sb . de , maarten . de . rijke @ cwi . nl and yde @ cs . vu . nl type : advanced situation theory with applications name of organizer : keith devlin affiliations : saint mary 's college of california , moraga , and csli , stanford . e - mail : devlin @ stmarys-ca . edu type : symposium section : computation and logic logical frameworks name : d . basin , s . mathews ( saarbruecken ) e - mail : basin @ mpi-sb . mpg . de and sean @ mpi-sb . mpg . de type : introductory knowledge representation and logic name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : franz baader affiliation ( s ) : lufg theoretische informatik rwth aachen e - mail : baader @ informatik . rwth-aachen . de type : introductory deductive database name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : gerhard koestler affiliation ( s ) : universitaet augsburg e - mail : koestler @ uni-augsburg . de type : introductory programming with temporal logic name : howard barringer and dov gabbay affiliation ( s ) : the university of manchester imperial college of science , technology and medicine e - mail : howard @ man . cs . ac . uk and dg @ doc . ic . ac . uk type : advanced power structures and program semantics name of lecturer : chris brink . affiliation : mathematics department , university of cape town . email : cbrink @ maths . uct . ac . za . type : advanced . automated deduction in non - classical logics name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : lincoln a . wallen affiliation ( s ) : oxford university e - mail : lincoln . wallen @ comlab . ox . ac . uk type : advanced how to tame you logic ? maarten marx : university of amsterdam e - mail : marx @ ccsom . uva . nl szabolcs mikulas logic graduate school e - mail : mikulas @ fwi . uva . nl e - mail : h3762mik @ ella . hu type : advanced expressive nonmonotonic reasoning ( nmr ) name : franz baader affiliation ( s ) : lufg theoretische informatik , rwth aachen e - mail : baader @ informatik . rwth-aachen . de name : karl schlechta affiliation ( s ) : laboratoire d ' informatique de marseille , ura cnrs 178 universite de provence . e - mail : ks @ gyptis . univ-mrs . fr type : workshop logical formalisms for planning , plan recognition , and plan modification dr . susanne biundo german research center for artificial intelligence email : biundo @ dfki . uni-sb . de type : workshop methods for constructing and manipulating logical systems prof . dov m gabbay imperial college of science , technology and medicine email : dg @ doc . ic . ac . uk subject logic engineering : labelled deductive systems , and computer support for studying logics type : symposium section : computation partial evaluation name of lecturer ( s ) : neil jones affiliation ( s ) : diku , university of copenhagen e - mail : neil @ diku . dk type : introductory interactive development of proofs and programs name of lecturer ( s ) : christine paulin - mohring affiliation ( s ) : lip-cnrs ura 1398 - ecole normale superieure de lyon e - mail : christine . paulin @ lip . ens-lyon . fr type : advanced implementation of functional programming languages name of lecturer ( s ) : simon peyton jones affiliation ( s ) : department of computing science , university of glasgow e - mail : simonpj @ dcs . gla . ac . uk type : advanced section : language and computation formalizing and implementing syntactic theories name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : edward stabler and mark johnson affiliation ( s ) : edward stabler , ucla and mark johnson , brown university e - mail : stabler @ cognet . ucla . edu and mj @ cs . brown . edu type : introductory corpus - based models of language processing name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : rens bod and remko scha affiliation ( s ) : university of amsterdam institute for logic , language and computation department of computational linguistics e - mail : rens @ alf . let . uva . nl scha @ alf . let . uva . nl type : introductory automated deduction for logics of linguistic resources name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : michael moortgat affiliation ( s ) : research institute for language and speech ( ots ) e - mail : moortgat @ let . ruu . nl type : advanced topics in lexical - functional grammar name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : ronald kaplan and mary dalrymple affiliation ( s ) : xerox parc e - mail : kaplan @ parc . xerox . com ; dalrymple @ parc . xerox . com type : advanced categorial syntax and semantics name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : bob carpenter * and glyn morrill * * affiliation ( s ) : philosophy department , carnegie mellon university * department of computer systems and languages , polytechnic university of catalunya * * e - mail : carp @ lcl . cmu . edu * and morrill @ lsi . upc . es * * type : advanced lambek calculus and linear logic name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : v . michele abrusci affiliation ( s ) : universitat di roma la sapienza dipartimento di studi filosofici ed epistemologici e - mail : abrusci @ sci . uniroma1 . it type : advanced natural language generation name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : robert dale affiliation ( s ) : microsoft institute of advanced software technology e - mail : rdale @ microsoft . com type : advanced formal and computational phonology name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : t . mark ellison affiliation ( s ) : university of edinburgh ( till january , then inesc , lisbon ) e - mail : marke @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk type : workshop the computational lexicon name organizer : m . felisa verdejo affiliation ( s ) : universidad nacional educacion a distancia e - mail : felisa @ horacio . dieec . uned . es type : workshop proof theory , labelled deduction and natural language name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : professor ruth kempson affiliation ( s ) : school of oriental & african studies , university of london e - mail : kempson @ clus1 . ulcc . ac . uk type : symposium section : language head - driven phrase structure grammar name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : philip h . miller affiliation ( s ) : universite ' de lille 3 e - mail : pmiller @ ulb . ac . be type : introductory phrase structure typology and lfg name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : joan bresnan affiliation ( s ) : stanford university e - mail : bresnan @ csli . stanford . edu type : advanced aspectuality and event structure name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : henk verkuyl affiliation ( s ) : utrecht university ots e - mail : verkuyl @ let . ruu . nl type : introductory the acquisition of syntax and morphology name of lecturer : harald clahsen affiliation : department of language and linguistics , university of essex e - mail : harald @ essex . ac . uk type : advanced prosody , information , and grammatical architecture name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : dick oehrle affiliation ( s ) : department of linguistics , university of arizona e - mail : oehrle @ convx1 . ccit . arizona . edu type : advanced constraint based formalisms and grammar writing name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : jochen doerre and suresh manandhar affiliation ( s ) : university of stuttgart and university of edinburgh e - mail : suresh . manandhar @ ed . ac . uk jochen . doerre @ ims . uni-stuttgart . de type : workshop argument structure and linking theory name of lecturer ( s ) / organizer ( s ) : annie zaenen ( * ) and louisa sadler ( * * ) affiliation ( s ) : ( * ) rank xerox research centre and ( * * ) university of essex e - mail : ( * ) annie . zaenen @ xerox . fr and ( * * ) louisa @ essex . ac . uk type : symposium
  """",0
  1100,""""Subject: obituary of zhou1 zu3 - mo2
   
   zhou zumo ( zhou1 zu3 - mo2 ) the noted chinese scholar zhou1 zu3 - mo2 died in a peking hospital on 14 january , 1995 . he was 80 years old . a professor at peking university and a native of peking , prof . zhou1 zu3 - mo2 was one of the world 's greatest experts on the written sources for chinese historical phonology . his principal works are the _ wen4 - xue2 ji2 _ [ the """""""" inquiring into learning """""""" collection ] , which contains his most important philological essays , and an annotated edition ( with thorough textual collation ) of the _ guang3 - yun4 _ , the main written source for chinese historical phonology . prof . zhou1 's edition of the _ guang3 - yun4 _ is now the standard .
  """",0
  1101,""""Subject: re : 6 . 132 innateness
   
   don churma writes : """""""" this elephant is too big for any one """""""" blind man """""""" to figure out alone ! """""""" probably true , especially for this blind man , but we probably should keep our hands firmly in contact with the beast anyway . for me , this means taking to heart warnings such as michael studdert - kennedy 's : """""""" characteristic motor systems have evolved for locomotion , predation , consumption , mating . matching perceptual systems have evolved to guide the animan in these activities . the selection pressure shaping each species ' perceptuomotor capacities have come , in the first instance , from physical properties of the world . by contrast , these perceptuomotor capacities themselves must have played a crucial role in the form of a social species ' communication system . . . . certainly , specialized neuroanatomical signaling devices have often evolved , but they have typically done so by modifying pre-existing structures just enough for them to perform their new function without appreciable loss of their old . . . . language has evolved within the constraints of pre-existing perceptual and motor systems . we surrender much of our power to understand that evolution if we disregard the properties of those systems . """""""" and . . . """""""" if there is indeed a universal set of linguistic features that owes nothing to the nonlinguistic capacities of talkers and listeners , their biological origin must be due to some quantal evolutionary jump , a structure producing mutation . while modern biologists may look for favorably on evolutionary discontinuities that did darwin , we are not justified in accepting discontinuity until we have ruled continity out . this has not been done . on the contrary , the primacy of linguistic form has been a cardinal , untested assumption of modern phonology - - with the result that phonology is sustained in grand isolation from its surrounding disciplines . """""""" sherman wilcox dept . of linguistics university of new mexico
  """",0
  1102,""""Subject: 6 . 136 language and species
   
   just a brief remark a propos of bemji wald 's comment on chomsky 's comment on whether apes can be shown to command ' reflexivization ' ; in particular the question of whether recognizing your image in a mirror as 's elf ' would be a sign of that ability . if it 's of interest , cats have a very peculiar relationship with mirrors . in my experience , most cats do not recognize images in mirrors , or tv , etc . as three-dimensional at all , and simply disregard them . but there are smart cats who do recogtnize their own images as cats in mirrors : but almost invariably as ' non-self ' . the typical reaction of a cat seeing itself in a mirror , if it 's a ' recognizer ' , is to bristle and hiss and go into defense-mode , or sometimes attack-mode . this of course raises what i like to call the dr doolittle problem : since we can't talk to animals we have to anthropomorphise and try to guess by analogy what they might be doing , but have no sense of what it feels like to be doing whatever . but in any case reflexivity is a bad example , because in general most animals do not have , in nature , any opportunity to see themselves ; animals that do confront mirror - like objects a lot ( say surface predators that hunt under water like herons , some cats , raccoons ) probably must deliberately as it were disregard the image they see , because they have to concentrate on refraction and what 's below the surface . roger lass department of linguistics university of cape town
  """",0
  1103,""""Subject: lg & species
   
   the language & species discussion has not recurred this week , but i had already prepared the following , which i think would be of general enough interest to the recurrent misunderstandings about innateness and human language to publish on the list . since my last posting on the language & species discussion i have received some interesting comments and checked on the reference that i had in mind ( since i own a copy ) . the reference is a volume called """""""" speaking of apes : a critical anthology of two - way communication with man """""""" . eds . t . a . sebeok & jean umiker - sebeok . ny : plenum press , 1980 . in it is chomsky 's article : """""""" human language and other semiotic systems . """""""" pp . 429-40 . chomsky 's article is pretty much as i remembered it , but with a great many other observations on the nature of human language , characteristic of his concept of human language , which contrast / s with what the animal psychologists of the time had taught apes ( and perhaps even thought of teaching them ) , e . g . , potentially infinite embedding of phrases within other phrases . beyond that , he challenges the notion that human language is ( merely / primarily ) a system for ( social ) communication , which serves his notion of the inappropriateness of comparing human language with animal systems of communication for drawing conclusions about the evolution of human language ( and may also imply that it is a strictly human device for interpreting external stimuli and """""""" thinking """""""" ) . incidentally , my rereading of the article changed my earlier impression that chomsky lacked """""""" grace """""""" in not explicitly acknowledging the accomplishments and discoveries of animal psychologists , to a perception that such explicitness would be irrelevant and distracting to the points he wanted to make . of course he could n't help activating involuntary visceral hostility in some researchers when he accused them of lack of logic in their arguments , but that is another matter . most interesting was his final position that regardless of what apes may prove capable of learning , he saw evidence for a qualitative distinction between the human and ape natural intellectual endowment in the fact that humans acquire most ( syntactic ) properties of language without ( even the possibility of ) explicit teaching , while apes obviously do not , despite the """""""" evolutionary advantages """""""" ( c 's phrase ) that it would bestow on them . i particularly liked the last sentence of the following passage : """""""" now it is difficult to imagine that children learning english receive specific instruction about these matters , or even that they are provided with relevant experience . in fact , we find that while children make many errors in language learning , they never make such mistakes as these : they never assume , until corrected , that """""""" the candidates wanted me to vote for each other """""""" means that each candidate wanted me to vote for the other . in fact , relevant experience is never presented for most speakers of english , * just as no pedagogic grammar would ever point out these facts . * """""""" p . 432 to tell the truth , i do n't get the error in the example ( maybe because i ' ve never been corrected ? ) , but i get the point . it 's the point about anaphoric reference that i mentioned in the last posting ( though i think the passage is trying to rely on some point about syntactic embedding of anaphora of the type common at the time among generativists , cf . the parallel reflexive """""""" the candidate wanted me to vote for ? him - / herself [ unstressed ] """""""" ) . in any case , one might argue ( i would not ) that there is an anthropocentric bias inherent in chomsky 's perspective on the """""""" evolutionary advantage """""""" of human language - - i would suppose stemming from what i think is the evolutionary tenet that whatever promotes indefinite increase of the population of a species is an evolutionary advantage , since that is supposed to maximise the chance that at least some of the members of the species will survive to continue the reproduction of the species . i guess an objection might be that in some sense apes """""""" know """""""" something that we do n't know that makes them shy away from retaining or developing something like human language , e . g . , that the technological advances allowed by human social organization and motivation facilitated by language will eventually lead to our extinction , a notion that would probably have evoked more rhetorical sympathy in the mid 1980s when fear of nuclear holocaust peaked ( or more persistently but less clearly the malthusian notion that uncontrolled human population increase puts dangerous pressure on the ecological support system ) . i doubt such an objection has any chance of being taken seriously ( in the form just given at least ) by the scientific spirit . imagine the unimaginable that some human society ( any human society ) came to this conclusion and rejected human language as ultimately threatening to the species . even so , i would guess that the innateness hypothesis would predict that humans would still not be able to """""""" help """""""" learning and manifesting language ( manifesting - - ) learning by future generations ) , and if that would contribute to eventual extinction , too bad . nothing in evolutionary theory prevents """""""" defective """""""" aberrations from arising . the species with them would simply arise and then disappear ( relatively quickly ? ) . however , i ' m sure humans are constitutionally incapable of seeing the human language faculty as such an injurious aberration - - i can't . at worst i can only see it as a possible means of salvation from the jeopardy that some of our more sinister instincts may have placed us in . forgive me for even inventing what i consider an idle and repulsive speculation - - but i think it throws in relief what might be inferred in assessing chomsky 's ultimate argument as i understand it . the simple summation of chomsky 's argument is : if apes are capable of learning """""""" human """""""" language , why do n't they ( do it naturally - - like people do ) ? probably more interesting and arguable to the list discussion is chomsky 's point of distinguishing """""""" human language """""""" and """""""" language """""""" . chomsky sees human language as a subject for scientific inquiry with properties which are quite specific , including the syntactic properties of reference , embedding , etc . that we are all familiar with as current linguists . in contrast , my understanding of the article is that he sees """""""" language """""""" as a non-scientific concept , something vague and not even promising as a potential scientific field of inquiry . in this vein , he concedes that apes and many other animals may - - in fact , he does not doubt - - make use of symbolic systems ( semiotic systems ) apparently comparable in principle to the lexical component of language in some way , though less extensive , and , if i understand , less discrete ( in the linguistic sense of """""""" discrete """""""" ) . and he supposes that such symbolic systems in other animals may be related to shared intellectual capacities of humans and these other animals , but that with humans they interact with distinctive linguistic capacities ( among the latter i suppose the way lexicon fills in more abstract linguistic categories in grammatical derivations ) . in an illustrative passage ( p . 437 ) he objects to the gardners ' characterisation of teaching apes to use ameslan lexical signs as teaching them ameslan as a ( human ) language . by the way , he considers acquisition of the sign for """""""" and """""""" as trivial , with respect to comparison with human language . i do n't suppose that that is meant to detract from recognition of the apes ' ability to grasp this """""""" logical operation """""""" ( by human definition ) - - but that such recognition is irrelevant to an appreciation of what is distinctive about human language ( well , at least we now know that the """""""" logical """""""" concept """""""" and """""""" is not distinctive to humans - - the concept """""""" plural """""""" , then , probably is n't either - - more problematic is the concept """""""" dual """""""" as far as i know - - have apes been taught to count ? hey ! last time i looked i had three identical rubber ducks , now i only have two ! ) . in sum , then , chomsky has a very specific and single-minded notion of human language which allows him to immediately """""""" see through """""""" claims about animal manifestations of """""""" language """""""" , just as it had earlier allowed him to criticise ( and condemn ) skinner 's notions about the """""""" nature """""""" of human language . i think the usual difficulty in seeing his point is not so much in the persistence of linguistic debate about whether and to what extent """""""" autonomous syntax """""""" is a valid notion ( let 's not get into that here ) , but in the intuitive notion among linguists , as well as everybody else , that lexicon is a major """""""" part """""""" of """""""" human language """""""" . it is certainly not the part that chomsky associates with the distinctive innate human faculty of language . rather , the innate faculty is somewhere in the systems which organise combinations of signs , that """""""" somewhere """""""" being crucial to whether or not there is an evolutionary discontinuity between human language and animal potentials for """""""" language """""""" . of course , another source of resistance to the idea of an innate human language faculty is a generalised sneaking suspicion that anything that proposes to set humans apart from other animals in a fundamental way is self-deluding anthropocentric self - aggrandising propaganda , cf . the discredited ( i think ) argument against the heliocentric theory of the solar system that humans are the """""""" center """""""" of creation and therefore their location must be at the pivot of the material universe . while sneaking suspicions are certainly appropriate issues to bring up for something as informal as the ling . list discussion , it is not clear to me how it fits in to more formal scientific argument . misguided as a source of resistance would be the idea floated in the kant / innate discussion that a theory that something is """""""" innate """""""" is a killer to further attempts at """""""" explanation """""""" . the killer to explanation is the """""""" just """""""" in """""""" that 's just the way things are """""""" . on the contrary , take out the """""""" just """""""" and there would be nothing to explain if there were no """""""" that 's the way things are """""""" . if we get confused about this , it 's because , as scientists we don ' t know how things are , and our """""""" explanations """""""" are hypotheses to test if things are the way we think they are . i forgot what the context of kant 's discussion of """""""" explanation """""""" was , but in the context of """""""" pure """""""" reason it would have to be the """""""" just """""""" . in """""""" practical """""""" reason i suppose whatever aids remembering the """""""" facts """""""" is sufficient """""""" explanation """""""" . finally , a message from massimo piattelli - palmarini , director of the dept of cognitive science at the istituto san raffaele in milan , alerted me that among the discussion of comparisons between human and ape cognition relevant to language capacity , """""""" the truly definitive piece is by mark seidenberg and laura petitto in cognition , vol 7 , 1979 , pp . 177-215 . """""""" although this article was published before the volume i referred to above , it was too recent for most of the papers published in that volume to fully discuss , so that there are only glancing references to it in some of the papers . i still have n't read it yet , not that i ' ve even read most of the articles in the sebeok volume . incidentally , massimo reminded me that apes were indeed found to be able to recognise their reflections in mirrors , monkeys not ( and i think i read that in roger fout 's popular book about teaching apes to communicate with humans which came out in the late 70s ) . from what i gather , animal psychologists etc . are not ( or no longer ) hostile to the idea of a discontinuity between human language and what animals are capable of , but remain ( why not ? ) interested in discovering of what animals are capable of , and what that might suggest about human evolution . benji
  """",0
  1104,""""Subject: job posting
   
   linguistics department - simon fraser university . applications are being accepted for a tenure-track position at the rank of assistant or associate professor , for appointment commencing september 1 , 1995 , subject to final approval of funding . the successful candidate will be expected to assume a leadership role the university 's new language centre , which is being developed to promote innovative approaches to language learning in the university , especially through developing facilities employing new instructional technologies , and to foster ongoing research into second language acquisition at the university level . candidates should hold a ph . d . in an area relevant to second language acquisition and maintain an active research program in a related area , as well as have significant experience in second language teaching . a specific background in a major asian language is desirable but not essential . applicants should be thoroughly familiar with recent developments in technologically-assisted language learning , and be prepared to direct the development and implementation of learner-centered systems . send a letter of application , curriculum vitae , and sample publications by march 16 , 1995 to : dr . t . perry , chair linguistics department simon fraser university burnaby , b . c . v5a 1s6 canada phone : ( 604 ) 291-3554 , fax : ( 604 ) 291-5659 e - mail : perry @ sfu . ca candidates should arrange for three letters of recommendation to be sent to the department by the deadline . in accordance with canadian immigration requirements , this advertisement is directed to canadian citizens and permanent residents . sfu is committed to the principle of employment equity , and offers equal employment opportunities to qualified applicants ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tom perry , chair linguistics department simon fraser university burnaby , b . c . v5a 1s6 canada telephone : ( 604 ) 291-3554 ( 604 ) 291-4585 fax : ( 604 ) 291-5659 e-mail : perry @ sfu . ca ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  1105,""""Subject: efl positions
   
   the following positions are available through the united states information agency : efl fellows english language teacher education program eastern / central europe , russia , ukraine who ? experienced efl / esl teacher trainers / educators and teachers of english for specific purposes , holding at least a master of arts degree in the field where ? albania , croatia , the czech republic , hungary , kazakhstan , latvia , lithuania , macedonia , poland , romania , russia , slovakia , slovenia , ukraine when ? late august , 1995 through late july , 1996 what ? efl fellows undertake a range of projects aimed at enhancing the quality of english language education throughout the region . some of their accomplishments since 1991 include : - organizing successful seminars to develop master teachers in slovenia ; - facilitating the organization of a nation-wide tesol affiliate in russia ; - organizing local teachers to develop efl materials for use in elementary and secondary school classrooms throughout latvia ; - sponsoring a variety of courses and lectures for in-service teachers at america house in kiev , ukraine , as featured on the front page of a major ukrainian daily ; - helping to develop and deliver model training programs for teachers in requalification programs in lithuania ; - assisting in the establishment of a nationwide assessment program for testing the language skills of teachers entering requalification programs in estonia . the efl fellow program is sponsored and administered by the u . s . information agency ( usia ) . for further details and application forms , write , fax , or e-mail the appropriate address below , or visit the usia booth in the employment clearinghouse at the tesol long beach conference center . for information concerning briefings on the efl fellow program at the convention , see the convention daily . the required interview may take place by appointment at usia in washington dc , through a prearranged teleconference with usia , or march 29 , 30 , 31 and the morning of april 1 at the employment clearinghouse at tesol . efl fellow program e-mail : fellows @ usia . gov applicant information fax : 202 / 401-1250 e / alp , room 304 phone : 202 / 401-6016 301 - 4th street , s . w . washington , dc 20547
  """",0
  1106,""""Subject: references on non-human language
   
   content - length : 5739 there 's been a fair amount of discussion about language among non-humans , both publicly on linguist and privately with me , since my previous summa - ry in linguist 6-28 . i will shortly be posting a sort of update / summary of much of this discussion , including some comments of my own ; what fol - lows here is a list of some references that some people have mentioned . ( nb : i ' m merely reporting what others have passed on to me ; i ' m not neces - sarily familiar with these materials myself . i got most of these referen - ces from rachel lagunoff ( ihw1009 @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu ) , who is teaching a course on this subject at ucla , and george williams ( gww @ navisoft . com ) , to whom i hereby offer many thanks . ) barber , t . x . 1993 . the human nature of birds . new york : st . martin 's . bickerton , d . 1990 . language and species . chicago : university of chicago press . gardner , r . a . , & b . t . gardner . 1979 . ' teaching sign language to a chimpanzee ' science 165 : 664-672 . gardner , r . a . , b . t . gardner , & t . e . van cantfort , eds . 1989 . teach - ing sign language to chimpanzees . albany : suny press . herman , l . m . 1986 . ' cognition and language competencies of bottle - nosed dolphins ' r . j . schusterman , j . thomas , & f . g . wood , eds . , dolphin cognition and behavior : a comparative approach , pp . 221-252 . hillsdale , nj : erlbaum . herman , l . m . 1987 . ' receptive competencies of language - trained ani - mals ' advances in the study of behavior 17 : 1-60 . herman , l . m . , & a . a . pack . 1994 . ' animal intelligence : historical perspective and comparative approaches ' r . sternberg , ed . , the encyclo - pedia of intelligence . herman , l . m . , a . a . pack , & a . m . wood . 1994 . ' bottlenosed dolphins can generalize rules and develop abstract concepts ' herman , l . m . , a . a . pack , & morell - samuels . 1993 . ' representational and conceptual skills of dolphins ' in roitblatt et al . 1993 . herman , l . m . , richards , & wolz . 1984 . ' comprehension of sentences by bottlenosed dolphins ' cognition 16 : 128-219 . limber , j . 1977 . ' language in child and chimp ? ' american psychologist 32 : 280-295 ( reprinted in sebeok & umiker - sebeok 1980 : 197-218 ) . limber , j . 1978 . ' goodbye behaviorism ! ' behavioral and brain sciences 4 : 535-536 . limber , j . 1982 . ' what can chimps tell us about the origins of lan - guage ? ' s . kuczaj , ed . , language development , 2 : 429-446 . hillsdale , nj : erlbaum . luce , j . de , & h . t . wilder , eds . 1983 . language in primates . new york : springer . neisser , a . 1990 . ' apeing sign language ' the other side of silence , pp . 202-234 . washington : gallaudet university press . nelson , k . 1987 . ' what 's in a name ? reply to seidenberg and petitto ' journal of experimental psychology : general . 116 : 293-296 . patterson , f . g . 1978 . ' the gestures of a gorilla : language acquisition in another pongid ' brain and language 5 : 72-97 . patterson , f . , & e . linden . 1981 . the education of koko . new york : holt , rinehart & winston . peng , f . , ed . 1978 . sign language and language acquisition in man and ape . boulder : westview . pepperberg , i . m . 1993 . ' cognition and communication in an african grey parrot ( psittacus erithacus ) : studies on a nonhuman , nonprimate , nonmam - malian subject ' roitblatt et al . 1993 : 221-248 . pettito , l . a . , & m . s . seidenberg . 1979 . ' on the evidence for linguis - tic abilities in signing apes ' brain and language 8 : 162-183 . pinker , s . 1994 . the language instinct ( chapter 11 ) . new york : morrow . premack , d . , & a . j . premack . 1983 . the mind of an ape . new york : norton . roitblatt , h . l . , l . m . herman , & p . e . nachtigall , eds . 1993 . language and communcation : comparative perspectives . hillsdale , nj : erlbaum . savage - rumbaugh . 1987 . ' communication , symbolic communication , and lan - guage : reply to seidenberg and petitto ' journal of experimental psycholo - gy : general , 116 : 279-287 . savage - rumbaugh , s . , & r . lewin . 1994 . kanzi . new york : wiley . savage - rumbaugh , s . , k . mcdonald , r . a . sevick , w . d . hopkins , & e . rupert . 1986 . ' spontaneous symbol acquisition and communicative use by pygmy chimpanzees ( pan paniscus ) ' journal of experimental psychology : general , 115 : 211-235 . sebeok , t . , & j . umiker - sebeok , eds . 1980 . speaking of apes . new york : plenum . seidenberg , m . s . , & l . a . petitto . 1987 . ' communication , symbolic com - munication , and language : comment on savage - rumbaugh , mcdonald , sevick , hopkins , and rupert ( 1986 ) ' journal of experimental psychology : general , 116 : 279-287 . terrace , h . s . 1987 . nim . new york : columbia . terrace , h . s . , l . a . petitto , r . j . sanders , & t . g . bever . 1979 . ' can an ape create a sentence ? ' science 206 : 891-902 . thomas , e . m . 1993 . the hidden life of dogs . boston : houghton mifflin . wallman , j . 1992 . aping language . cambridge : cambridge university press . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dr . steven schaufele 712 west washington urbana , il 61801 217-344 - 8240 fcosws @ prairienet . org * * * * o syntagmata linguarum liberemini humanarum ! * * * * * * nihil vestris privari nisi obicibus potestis ! * * *
  """",0
  1107,""""Subject: esl curriculum
   
   after 20 years as a research scientist , i am starting a new career in esl . i am interested in developing ( or adapting ) a specialized course for foreign medical trainees in american medical schools and hospitals . i ' m also interested in esp courses for students in the sciences . i presently teach """""""" english for international graduate teaching assistants """""""" which is a very practical course to enhance the teaching assistants ' effectiveness in the classrom / lab . i would appreciate anyone sharing course description , syllabus , texts used , comments . . . thanks , gfridland @ utmem1 . utmem . edu
  """",0
  1108,""""Subject: palindromes
   
   hi you all out there ! i am a total fan ( atic ) of palindromes , such as """""""" a man , a plan , a canal - panama """""""" or """""""" in girum imus nocte et consumimur igni """""""" - expressions which read from behind result either in the same message or , even more interesting , in new , other , however meaningful message . i assume there are many palindromes i do not know yet , so i would just want to ask any one of you : if you know of one or more palindrome ( s ) in any language , please write them to me via linguist , i will then make the results accessible to everybody . also if you know of books and / or articles citing palindromes , please write me ! ! ! and here is my absolute favorite , the best i know : """""""" nie fragt sie : ist gefegt ? sie ist gar fein """""""" ( source unknown ) ( she never asks : has the sweeping been done ? she is very refined . ) i would be thankful to receive as many as possible palindromes , thank you ! and if it is not in german , english , french or italian , please also add an english translation . . . """""""" koop ik ' n ei , dan nadie ' n kip ook """""""" ( when i buy an egg , then also a chicken ) so long , i am looking forward to many messages ! """""""" madam , i ' m adam """""""" manfred immler
  """",0
  1109,""""Subject: summer opportunities
   
   hey ! does anyone know of any linguistic-related summer opportunities out there for a college undergraduate ? i ' m interested in something like an anthropological linguistics ( linguistic anthropology , whatever your preference ) program , working on a research project , etc . any ideas ? thanks ! rachel a . lavin rlavin @ emory . edu
  """",0
  1110,""""Subject: ipa , austerlitz
   
   i learned phonetics and phonetic field technique from robert austerlitz ( 1923-1994 ) . after reading joseph stemberger 's comments on ipa and democratizing the process of standarizing phonetic writing ( in linguist 6 . 185 ) , i thought about how austerlitz taught . austerlitz never asked us to memorize ipa or any other system . instead , he taught us several different systems of notation all at once . he expected us to be able to describe sounds by place of articulation , manner of articulation , and so on . we were expected to + know + ipa , of course , and he referred us to several different sources , each of which had a slightly different version of it . but there were no standard systems in his classroom . he was a remarkable teacher and made me a fieldworker . he used a number of symbols that are rarely seen anywhere else . one of his favorites was the cardinal vowel """""""" 61 """""""" , by which ( if i remember correctly ) he meant the high back unrounded vowel written """""""" turned m """""""" in ipa . this """""""" 61 """""""" was merely the letter """""""" uy """""""" from the cyrillic alphabet . in his field-technique classes , we were encouraged to make up new symbols to describe what we heard . i remember , during a session with a speaker from shanqhae , he expressed the greatest pleasure when joseph davis wrote the initial consonant of ' cooked rice ' with a digraph made up of a """""""" v """""""" with a lowercase """""""" f """""""" planted between its arms . this expressed graphically the unusual shanqhae sound that davis had described - it was clearly a labiodental fricative , but somehow sounded both voiced and voiceless at the same time . austerlitz first mentioned that """""""" they """""""" in the ipa would say that diacritics could be used to express this , then recounted chao 's claim that many chinese dialects have initial consonants that are in-between voiced and voiceless , and went on to discuss ways that he and others had thought of to write this . actually , though , the use of those ipa voiced / voiceless or breathy voicing diacritics might not be quite right . the """""""" voiced """""""" initials in shanqhae lower register words are neither contrastively voiced nor contrastively unvoiced ; the apparent """""""" breathy semi-voicing """""""" seems actually to be feature of the + tone + , not the initials . some speakers pronounce it with the initial , some before the initial , some afterwards , some all the way through the syllable , and some not at all . davis ' symbol was a good idea at the time , though , because it expressed this lack of contrast vividly . i have met quite a number of linguists who have complaints about ipa or about the variety of systems in use , but these people hardly ever seem to be fieldworkers . i do n't believe i know any two fieldworkers who use phonetic symbols quite the same way , and most of them do n't seem to care at all . everyone seems to have different preferences ; well , so what ? some people , for instance , can't abide to write the """""""" h """""""" for aspiration + above + the line , and write it seemingly as a full segment . others leave the """""""" h """""""" out altogether , saying that ( in english , for instance ) it need not be written explicitly . the chinese tend to write aspiration with the reversed apostrophe of greek , probably continuing the tradition of older systems of romanization . the chinese , in fact , have a whole class of vowels - frictionless sibilants - that have n't made their way into ipa , as well as a special set of alveolo-palatal consonants . are these really necessary ? maybe not , but the chinese are not going to give them up ; be sure of that . for my part , i dislike plain schwa - i prefer to use the four schwa-area vowels ( close-mid and open-mid , rounded and unrounded ) that ipa now recognizes , and even before they became official i was using some of their current symbols , although i sometimes used special diacritics with schwa , too . these vowels are important in some of the areas where i work , in rural fwujiann . but every chinese dialectologist i know uses schwa like mad , and for a number of vowels that i consider quite distinct . we understand each other , though . fieldworkers are basically explorers . for the most part we do not go into the field to codify the known , but search for the unknown . we play with our symbols , try different ways of writing things , develop habits of transcription that are as distinctive as handwriting and reflect different ways of interpreting sounds . it is natural in these circumstances that different standards should take shape . fieldwork is an adventure , and transcriptional practice reflects that . i can't imagine why anyone thinks we need a single , """""""" democratically devised """""""" standard . ipa of some sort is good enough for most people who actually use it , and if someone does n't like it , he or she will borrow from some other tradition - american , perhaps - or invent another . if i want to look at that person 's notes , i will just learn the system - it might take as long as 10 minutes - and that will be that . where is the problem ? why should i trade my freedom of transcriptional expression for a rigid code ? why would that benefit me ? no , the """""""" chaos of multiple standards """""""" that stemberger mentions does n't bother me at all . there + are + two things that do bother me , though . one is the frequent changes in ipa that have been bandied about recently . when the kiel version of ipa was first promulgated , i was aghast at the large number of weird-looking symbols . then came the revision of kiel , and things were different again . i do n't mind adjustments , as long as they are introduced very gradually . like the agreement a couple of years ago that + either + way of writing """""""" g """""""" was acceptable - that only took a few decades to get straight . the idea that lots of changes have to be introduced and introduced right away frightens me a little . that is n't to say i do n't enjoy hearing the different proposals people advocate , but i will probably still stick to my own transcriptional habits , even so . the other thing that bothers me is the mob of systematizers , standardizers , formalists , and unificationists who seem to pop up everywhere in linguistics like dandelions by the side of the road . to my mind , formal systematization is the enemy of good fieldwork . and if a democratic vote + is + ever taken on the subject of phonetic alphabets , i hereby move that it be restricted to people who do a + minimum of 100 hours of fieldwork or acoustic measurement + every year for their own , fresh research . as for the rest of you - you are welcome to listen , enjoy the show , but please do n't try to tell me my business . david prager branner , yuen ren society asian l&l , do-21 , university of washington seattle , wa 98195 ( charmii @ u . washington . edu )
  """",0
  1111,""""Subject: re : 6 . 185 ipa
   
   i agree with stemberger : it is embarrassing to stand up in front of an intro class and tell them that the most objective end of our discipline lacks a single coding system . and while we ' re at it , why do n't we start spelling ' fonetics ' like it sounds . bob wachal
  """",0
  1112,""""Subject: the """""""" hacek """"""""
   
   """""""" hacek """""""" is the diminutive of the czech word """""""" hak """""""" , meaning hook . if i ' m not mistaken , a lot of czechs attribute the innovation to the religious and linguistic reformer jan hus ( 1369 ? - 1415 ) . my sources , however , have him introducing a dot over the letters to indicate palatalization rather than a hacek . one of my czech pedagogical grammars claims haceks were appearing in czech manuscripts in the late 13th century , while another explains that the language 's diacritical conventions stabilized around the end of the 16th century , and that publications of the church of the czech brethren used haceks rather than hus 's dots . any of those who introduced the hacek could , in my uneducated opinion , have seen haceks in hebrew manuscripts like those described in alice faber 's recent posting , but we do n't know that . by the way , i ' ve recently seen haceks used in phonological renderings of swiss german in journals from berne dating around 1920 ( """""""" beitraege zur schweizerdeutschen grammatik """""""" ) . last year i also saw in the czech press one or two essays by czech jounalists stationed overseas who complained about the peculiarity of haceks ( e . g . , they ' re not found on most international typewriter keyboards ) and how it would make their lives easier if the czechs would adopt some more """""""" ordinary """""""" way of rendering the sounds in question . i very much doubt , however , that their opinion is much shared by their colleagues and compatriots . james kirchner
  """",0
  1113,""""Subject: ipa
   
   i have been enjoying the discussion about how nice it would be to """""""" end the chaos of multiple standards """""""" and go to a single system recommended by the lsa - - either ipa or some cooperatively designed one . but i think it might be impossible to achieve concensus : there is not only the old """""""" americanist """""""" vs . ipa debate , but also at least two more - - one is the issue of whether to break away from or continue to use the systems that have developed over time and become standard for linguistic work in particular language families ; and the other is the disparity between linguistic writing and the official or practical writing systems accepted in language communities - - the latter often being linguistically adequate and sometimes preferred by linguists so that the speakers can have better access to the information being recorded and published by the linguist . i suppose these considerations need not keep us from attempting to come to a consensus that might encourage introductory texts in linguistics to use a particular system ; but students will still be forced to develop knowledge of multiple writing systems as soon as they start reading articles rather than textbooks . as for me , i have come to enjoy the diversity of writing systems almost as much as i enjoy the diversity of languages . ( < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < ) > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > leanne hinton dept . of linguistics university of california berkeley , ca 94720 email : hinton @ violet . berkeley . edu fax : ( 510 ) 643-5688 phone : ( 510 ) 643-7621 ( < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < ) > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >
  """",0
  1114,""""Subject: re : 6 . 185 ipa
   
   i am of the opinion that the arabic linguistic society of america should also be part of this discussion ( that is , if democracy is to prevail ) . it is a growi growing organization with an impressive membership list and publications . aleya rouchdy
  """",0
  1115,""""Subject: policies
   
   moderators ' message a very happy 1995 to all our subscribers ! as you can see , linguist is back on line - - on the 8th , not the 5th as we had hoped , but we are now up and running at our new address . remember : those of you who post to linguist @ tamvm1 . tamu . edu can continue to use that address . but those of you who used to post to linguist @ tamsun . tamu . edu must change either to the . . . tamvm1 address or to linguist @ tam2000 . tamu . edu the latter is our new editorial address . the . . . tamsun address is now worse than useless : the machine itself has been taken off line by texas a&m , so any messages sent there will simply disappear into an internet black hole . they will not be forwarded to us . the new year 's issues start with this issue : 6 . 1 . however , the listserv swallowed some of the issues we posted on dec . 20 and is just now sending them out . so you probably received some issues of volume 5 ( 1994 ) only today . this is not what we intended - - indeed , we worked hard to clear the mailer and post all the messages we had received before we shut down on dec 21 . we realize that some of them had deadlines . however , listserv malfunctions are simply not within our control . the texas a&m sysop took a long ( well-deserved ) ( and , we hope , energizing ) christmas vacation . and , until his return , the listserv would not free the issues we had posted . and that , by a lightening transition , brings us to a few remarks on maintaining free discussion on linguist . as linguist grows , it becomes potentially more powerful - - some might say """""""" threatening """""""" - - by virtue of its role as an information source . it 's natural that controversial policies and postings should generate concern ; and last year we received a number of complaints , protests , and editorial suggestions . we tried to respond to every message individually ; but we 'd also like to publicly explain our policies and our current thinking about some of the issues that arose . if any of you care to respond , we can continue this discusson on linguist . * we received several requests that we check the accuracy of controversial claims and allegations before we post them . however reasonable this sounds , unfortunately it simply is n't possible . linguist processes 50-70 messages a day ; last year we assembled and posted 1600 issues ( as those of you with overfull mailboxes know ! ) ; and we get over 1000 database requests a week , about 1 / 4 of which require some kind of administrative interchange . we ask our 3 student editors to check messages for civility ( more on this below ) ; but they do n't have time to check anything which is not immediately before them on the screen . so there is no way that we can strive for the standards of accuracy of paper journals . and , of course , we aren ' t a journal ; we ' re a discussion list . the only effective check on the accuracy of any posting is the discussion itself . so the moral is : - - read with a little scepticism - - and , if you see an inaccuracy , post a correction * the preceding applies , of course , to _ professional _ content in postings ; we can't be responsible for the accuracy of anyone 's claims about the number of words for """""""" snow . """""""" nor - - and this is the problematic area - - can we check claims about anyone 's or any institution 's decisions , opinions , or conduct . we will make every effort to ensure that any such posting has professional relevance , is temperate in phrasing , and ( if at all possible ) does not mention names . we also try not to publicize controversies having only personal relevance , since we do n't want linguist to become simply a forum for private grievances . but more than that we can't do . * about more widespread grievances : we have gotten many protests about cutting off discussions that criticize specific schools of linguistics . our problem with some of these has been that the criticisms were anecdotal , ( sometimes ) devoid of academic content , and sounded personally aggrieved ( see above ) . also , adherents of the schools under attack were telling us they no longer felt welcome on the list . so - - not wanting linguist to become a grievance forum or a cause of unnecessary divisiveness in the discipline - - we cut off the discussions . but we admit that there are good arguments on the side of free speech . so we have decided at least not to cut off discussions abruptly . instead , we will warn """""""" next - to-last posting on x """""""" before we send out a """""""" last posting """""""" message . and we will post any responses on x received in the interim . also , we 'd like to reiterate that any discussion that could compare schools or theories and stick to the academic issues would be very welcome . we are not committed to protecting any school from _ scholarly _ criticism ; and , in fact , we would tell any protestors that this is a discussion list , and if they feel attacked they must defend themselves through discussion . * about civility : we never intended to become a kind of electronic miss manners , and , frankly , it often feels like a very strange role for your uncouth moderators . however , we ' re committed to keeping postings civil in tone because ( 1 ) more than one academic list has ( literally ) gone down in flames - - i . e . , the list has disbanded because the discussions got too personal and heated ; and ( 2 ) , as much as possible , we 'd like everyone - - not just the brave or foolhardy - - to feel comfortable entering a linguist discussion . so we do occasionally return postings with a request that the writer revise toward a less-inflammatory tone . ( we realize , of course , that what is / is not inflammatory is a judgment call ; and our judgment may be wrong . ) however , we have returned very few postings ; and - - interestingly - - we have never received anything but cooperation from the writers . * * * * * * so - - as we ' ve said before - - we think linguist subscribers , all 5700 of you , are a remarkably reasonable , tolerant , and generous set of people . if you have comments or suggestions about the editorial policies we ' ve sketched out above , we would like to hear them . have a very happy new year ! - helen & anthony
  """",0
  1116,""""Subject: optimal artificial languages ( humour )
   
   there has been a bit ( wee ) of discussion on this on sci . lang and , well , i could not resist the temptation . here is my contribution to the topic : > from jbm @ newsserver . trl . oz . au ( jacques guy ) date 27 jan 1995 15 : 29 : 06 + 1100 newsgroups sci . lang subject re : optimal artificial languages language being for communication ( not necessarily of truths , mark my words ) , an optimal artificial language should be designed so that its messages survive unscathed through the worst static . ergo , we want * maximal phonetic differentiation * ( tm ) of the vowels , we pick those maximally distant : a , i , u . of the consonants , ditto : a dental , a labial , a velar . having picked the most differentiated points of articulation we must also pick the most deifferentiated manners thereof . fricative , nasal , stop should do nicely . and let us use voicing to help along . that leaves us with * three maximally distant consonants * , which are : m , z , k . so far , so good . but we can do better still . let each consonant be associated with one , and only one , vowel , so that , if either consonant or vowel manages to get mangled in the transmission , you can restitute one from the other . naturally , we would match vowels and consonants to ensure least articulatory effort , lest speakers , tired by too much tongue and lip shifting , start slurring their words . there are n't two ways about it : i goes with z , u with m , a with k . so there we have it , the perfect language for noise-free communication . it 's cv , no consonant clusters , no diphthongs , and each syllable starts with exactly one consonant and has only one vowel . if the consonant is z the vowel is i , and so on ( how lazy can one get ! the list of possibilities is short indeed , yet i wrote """""""" and so on """""""" ) . ergo , it has only three possible syllables : zi , ka , mu , thereby being some 130 times easier than chinese ( with its 400 + possible syllables ) . and consider this sample vocabulary ( i leave the meanings to your imagination ) : zizi kaka mumu zizimu kakamu infants will learn it easily ! consider all its advantages : your children will speak fluently before they are two ! one of the first , because shortest , words they will learn will be . . . . . muzika ! thus ensuring the earliest possible development of their musical aptitude ! promote zikamu ( tm ) , the international language of to-morrow ! nb it has come to our attention that a renegade splinter group of the original zikamu ( tm ) movement is peddling a pale imitation of zikamu ( tm ) under the plagiarized name """""""" kazimu """""""" . do not be deceived ! the study and practice of their inferior product may cause brain damage ! insist on learning the one and only zikamu ( tm ) . join the official , approved zikamu foundation ( tm ) to day ! ( il y en a des qui vont encore se demander si c ' est du lard ou du cochon . c ' est du lard , bonnes gens , c ' est du lard ! )
  """",0
  1117,""""Subject: sycophants : fig """""""" show-ers """""""" ?
   
   i do n't do much etymology , but : several readers have claimed that _ sicophant _ is derived from the greek words for ' fig ' ( sikos ) and 's how ' ( phaino : ) . the first part is surely correct , but the second seems problematic , since the relevant participle forms of _ phaino : _ would be present _ phainont - _ and aorist _ phanont - _ . without a greek grammar or dictionary at hand , i would suggest rather that we look at the athematic greek verb _ phe : mi _ ( doric _ pha : mi ) 's peak ' , which does have a participle _ phant - _ . so maybe the sicophant is the ' fig-talker ' rather than the ' fig-shower ' . the semantic connection , of course , would be that his words were sweet to the ear ; and certainly sicophants do more sweet-talking than fig-showing . what do you think ? has this etymology been proposed ? and if it has been proposed and rejected , why ? leo a . connolly foreign languages & literatures university of memphis connolly @ msuvax . memphis . edu formerly """""""" memphis state university """"""""
  """",0
  1118,""""Subject: re : 6 . 146 sum : sycophant and sign of the fig
   
   a footnote to the fascinating sycophant summary : when i was a kid in high school in the paris area our french lit . teacher told us that in rabelais ' works ( either gargantua or pantagruel ) , rabelais called the catholics """""""" papistes """""""" , and the protestants """""""" ceux qui font la figue au pape """""""" . she said this was """""""" un geste tres malhonnete """""""" , but of course did not demonstrate it , and neither did any of the kids around me . thank you for finally enlightening me . willem j . de reuse department of anthropology university of arizona
  """",0
  1119,""""Subject: """""""" sycophant """""""" , more .
   
   subsequent to my recent posting about the origin of the word """""""" sycophant """""""" i received two comments which add interesting insights . i am forwarding them for your information . richard blucher > from dave wharton ( whartond @ iris . uncg . edu ) liddel & scott 's _ greek - english lexicon _ shows the word sykophanths in common usage not before the middle of the 5th century b . c . no ancient uses show any relation of the word to the """""""" sign of the fig . """""""" here 's the political context of its use in the 5th century and later , from the oxford classical dictionary : """""""" athens had no public prosecutors in the modern sense . solon permitted citizens to prosecute any wrongdoers . inducements were offered to volunteers in certain cases by granting them a liberal share of fines and moneys recovered from the treasury . the system worked : there was no lack of prosecutors . but c . 450 b . c . abuses appeared . men began to make a profession of prosecutions for personal , political , and financial reasons . these were called sycophants . in spite of constant references by aristophanes and the orators , there survives no legal definition of a sycophant . . . . the most dangerous type of sycophant was the blackmailer who extorted money so that the guilty escaped punishment and the innocent paid blackmail . . . """""""" * * * * * > from zqv6656 @ acfcluster . nyu . edu a belated comment on your query on """""""" the sign of the fig """""""" . in my homeland , i . e . istria which an adriatic peninsula in the northwestern part of croatia ( former yugoslavia ) we use this sign in two ( related ? ) meanings . the first one is the one mentioned by many other people who responded to you , i . e . the sign of defiance and strong rejection . it does not have any sexual or indecent connotation . its second use is as a good luck sing ( much as crossed fingers in america ) , but then it is done on both hands for either yourself or somebody else ( maybe in defiance to """""""" bad luck """""""" , """""""" devil """""""" , etc . ) zvjezdana vrzic * * * * *
  """",0
  1120,""""Subject: endangered languages
   
   january and early february have brought a bonanza in relation to endangered languages . first a series of seminars on the subject organized at mit by jonathan bobalijk and rob pensalfini , then , the weekend of feb . 3 - 5 , a conference held at dartmouth college in new hampshire with a side feature of a classic new england blizzard - - a """""""" nor ' easter """""""" , the first of this winter 's season for us locals . these have helped lead to a very illuminating discussion of the whole concept of """""""" endangered languages """""""" on the endangered languages forum : those interested can write majordomo @ coombs . anu . edu . au and send the message : subscribe endangered-languages - l your e-mail address happy winter ! yours , karl
  """",0
  1121,""""Subject: endangered language info wanted
   
   linguist listers ! if you 'd like to share your expert knowledge on the subject of sustaining endangered languages , please contact : - - - - - - - - tracy hanes school of journalism and communication carleton university email address : thanes @ chat . carleton . ca - - - - - - - - - . . . who is now writing an article on that subject .
  """",0
  1122,""""Subject: international sign linguistics association
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - international sign linguistics association ( isla ) - - - - - membership and subscription * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the international sign linguistics association was founded in 1986 . the aim of the organisation is to encourage and facilitate sign language research throughout the world and to develop international co-operation in the field of sign language studies . linguistic analysis of human sign languages began in earnest in the late 1950s and 1960s . since then it has developed considerably to the extent that original research is now being carried out in a wide range of countries . sign language research has a lot to tell us about the nature of human languages : it may well provide crucial insights into the nature and type of language universals , the processes of language acquisition , the influence of medium on structure and many other topics . sign linguistics is also directly relevant to those within """""""" mainstream """""""" linguistics . those involved in the field of sign linguistics research have benefited considerably through the mutual support and interest of colleagues elsewhere . isla encourages the sharing of ideas , information and research findings . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the international sign linguistics association invites you to become a new member in 1995 . to ensure that you receive all of isla 's publications and correspondence on time this year , please act now and send your subscription request to the address at the end of this announcement . to help us in processing your payment , please be sure to return the form at the end of this message with your remittance . in 1995 , your isla membership will bring you : * a subscription to signpost , the friendly face of sign linguistics , isla 's provocative and stimulating quarterly periodical . * a subscription to the international review of sign linguistics , new for 1995 and bursting with theory , analysis and insight , the year 's essential reading at the cutting edge of the discipline , published by isla in conjunction with lawrence erlbaum associates . * reduced prices on isla publications including conference and workshop proceedings to keep you up to date with all that 's new in the field . * the right to propose papers for presentation at isla congresses and symposia * plus all the benefits of the latest invormation and contacts from the isla network of researchers , teachers and policymakers . membership and subscription form please tick as appropriate , and write in capitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = . . . ( ) individual membership : europe = a340 = 09 non - europe = a345 ( ) institutional membership : = a370 ( ) full - time student membership * : = a325 ( ) i also wish to make a contribution of = a3 towards scholars applying for """""""" special case """""""" reduced rates . ( ) i enclose a cheque ( drawn on a u . k . bank ) ( ) i enclose a cheque ( drawn on an international bank adding = a315 to cover bank charges ) ( ) please charge = a3 _ _ _ _ _ _ to my access , visa or mastercard account . name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postal code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiry date : _ _ _ / 1995 signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : 1995 / _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * if you are applying for the new """""""" full - time student member """""""" rate , you will need to provide details of your course of study and a letter from your head of department confirming that you will be a full-time student throughout 1995 . isla has limited means for supporting subscribers : however , if you wish to make a claim for special case status , you can write to isla and ask to be considered for a discretionary reduced subscription rate . please remember to sign and date your cheque .
  """",0
  1123,""""Subject: idioms
   
   content - length : 99 please send """""""" appalachian idioms """""""" info to this address . thanks ! curtis matthews acm4002 @ tntech . edu
  """",0
  1124,""""Subject: wrong lctl gopher path
   
   last week , i announced the less commonly taught languages project gopher , which presents all us and canadian colleges and universities that teach lctls . the path i gave to get to the gopher was wrong . i left off one crucial step . the correct path is below . i apologize to all of you who have tried and failed to make the connection . please try us again . ( also apologize for cluttering your e-mail boxes and for cross-posting this to as many language lists as i know of . ) | + - - ) university of minnesota | + - - ) university of minnesota campus information ( < < < = = = = | + - - ) all the university of minnesota gopher servers | + - - - ) center for advanced research on language acquisition or url gopher : / / lctl . acad . umn . edu louis janus less commonly taught languages project center for advanced research on language acquisition university of minnesota utec - - 1313 5th street se , suite 111 minneapolis , mn 55414 612 / 627-1872 ( voice ) 612 / 627-1875 ( fax ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - janus005 @ maroon . tc . umn . edu or lctl @ maroon . tc . umn . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  1125,""""Subject: www servers
   
   you might be interested in adding the following to the list of linguistics - www servers at universities : the ( a href = """""""" http : / / www . essex . ac . uk / linguistics / """""""" ) department of language and linguistics , university of essex ( / a ) information about ( a href = """""""" http : / / www . essex . ac . uk / linguistics / lfg / lfg . html """""""" ) lexical functional grammar ( lfg ) ( / a ) . the ( a href = """""""" http : / / www . essex . ac . uk / linguistics / lagb . html """""""" ) linguistics association of great britain ( / a ) best wishes , doug arnold
  """",0
  1126,""""Subject: developments in discourse analysis ( gls 1995 )
   
   * * * * * * * * * * the georgetown linguistics society presents gls 1995 : developments in discourse analysis february 17-19 , 1995 georgetown university , washington d . c . * * * * * * * * * * * * registration schedule * * friday 11 : 00 a . m . - 5 : 45 p . m . intercultural center ( icc ) galleria . saturday 8 : 30 a . m . - 7 : 30 p . m . icc auditorium main entrance sunday 8 : 30 a . m . - 6 : 00 p . m . icc auditorium main entrance * * event locations * * sessions : intercultural center . rooms will be posted at registration . plenary sessions : intercultural center auditorium . reception : intercultural center galleria . * * conference schedule * * * friday , february 17 * 11 : 00 a . m . registration begins in the intercultural center galleria 2 : 00 - 3 : 30 colloquium : developments in signed language discourse part i ( coordinator : melanie metzger ) * ruth morgan the interplay of place and space in a namibian sign language narrative * kathleen wood negotiating literate identities : life stories of deaf students * susan m . mather adult - deaf toddler discourse will the real author please stand up ? : exploiting the speech of others * richard buttny talking race on campus : reported speech in accounts of race relations at a university campus * akira satoh reported speech in english and japanese : a comparative analysis * joyce tolliver evidentiality and accountability in literary narrative folk , interlocutor , and analytical frameworks * hanny feurer a place for folk linguistics in discourse analysis ? greetings in tibeto - burman languages * christianna i . white similarity and distinctiveness : a vantage analysis of plato 's gorgias * martin warren how do conversations begin and end ? 3 : 45 - 5 : 15 colloquium : developments in signed language discourse part ii ( coordinator : melanie metzger ) * tina m . neumann figurative language in an american sign language poem : personification and prosopopoeia * scott liddell and melanie metzger spatial mapping in an asl narrative : examining the use of multiple surrogate spaces * elizabeth a . winston spatial mapping in comparative discourse frames in american sign language political , intellectual , institutional identities * anna de fina pronominal choice , identity and solidarity in political discourse * charlotte linde other people 's stories : third person narrative in individual and group identity * karen tracy the identity work of questioning in intellectual discussion prior discourses and the structure of classroom interaction * mary buchinger bodwell """""""" now what does that mean , ' first draft ' ? """""""" : adult literacy classes and alternative models of editing a text * deborah poole the effects of text on talk in a class-room literacy event * myriam torres why teachers do not engage in co-construction of knowledge : a critical discourse analysis 5 : 30 - 6 : 30 roger shuy getting people to admit their guilt : a case study 6 : 45 - 7 : 45 deborah schiffrin narrative as self - portrait 8 : 00 - 11 : 00 reception , intercultural center galleria * saturday , february 18 * 9 : 30 - 10 : 30 heidi hamilton the aging of a poet : intertextuality and the co - construction of identities in the oppen family letter exchange 10 : 45 - 12 : 45 colloquium : developments in conversation analysis : oh , what , or , pardon ( coordinator : maria egbert ) * paul drew ' what ' ? : a sequential basis for an ' open ' form of repair initiation in conversation ( and some implications for cognitive approaches to interaction ) * maria egbert the relevance of interactants ' eye gaze to the organization of other-initiated repair : the case of german ' bitte ? ' ( ' pardon ? ' ) * anna lindstrom ' or ' - constructed inquiries as a resource for probing the relevance of prior talk in swedish conversation * john heritage ' oh ' - prefaced responses to inquiry privileged views in media discourse * gertraud benke news about news : textual features of news agency copies and their usage in the newsproduction * debra graham racism in the reporting of the o . j . simpson arrest : a critical discourse analysis approach * ian hutchby arguments and asymmetries on talk radio interactional explanations for patterns of variation * scott fabius kiesling using interactional discourse analysis to explain variation * sylvie dubois the coherent network of effects on discourse humorous faces * nancy k . baym humorous performance in a computer-mediated group * diana boxer and florencia cortes - conde teasing that bonds : conversational joking and identity display 12 : 45 - 2 : 45 theme lunch 2 : 45 - 4 : 45 negotiating authority and status * cynthia dickel dunn the language of the tea teacher : shifting indexical ground in a japanese pedagogical context * lena gavruseva ' what is this drivel about garages ? ' : the construction of authoritative self in the cover letter discourse * geoffrey raymond the voice of authority : sequence and turn design in live news broadcasts * hideko nornes abe discourse analysis on distal and direct styles of japanese women 's speech narrative structures across languages * viola g . miglio tense alternations in medieval prose texts * asli ozyurek how children use connectives to talk about a conversation * marybeth culley rhetorical elaborations of a chiricahua apache comic narrative genre * bethany k . dumas complex narratives in ozark discourse competing discourses and dominance * tony hak ' she has clear delusions ' : the production of a factual account * catherine f . smith democratic discourses * john clark standard and vernacular : persuasive discourse styles in conflict * kathryn remlinger keeping it straight : the socio-linguistic construction of a heterosexual ideology in a campus community 5 : 00 - 7 : 00 colloquium : discourse and conflict ( coordinator : christina kakava ) * faye c . mcnair - knox discourse and conflict in african - american english womantalk : patterns of grammaticalized disapproval in narratives * christina kakava evaluation in personal and vicarious stories : mirror of a greek man 's self * patricia e . o'connor ' you can't keep a man down ' : positioning in conflict talk and in violent acts * laine berman life stories from the streets : homeless children 's narratives of violence and the construction of a better world discourse influences on syntactic categories and structures * jennifer arnold the interaction between discourse focus and verbal form in mapudungun * rajesh bhatt information status and word order in hindi * paul hopper discourse and the category ' verb ' in english interactional construction of cognitive understanding * pamela w . jordan and megan moser multi - level coordination in computer-mediated conversation * claudia roncarati repetition and cognition in the information flow : a case-study in brazilian portuguese database * andrea tyler and john bro examining perceptions of text comprehensibility : the effect of order and contextualization cues * robbert - jan beun structure in cooperative dialogue 7 : 15 - 8 : 15 charles goodwin the social life of aphasia saturday evening theme dinner * sunday , february 19 * 9 : 30 - 10 : 30 frederick erickson discourse analysis as a communication chunnel : how feasible is a linkage between continental and anglo - american approaches ? 10 : 45 - 12 : 45 colloquium : frames theory and discourse ( coordinator : janice hornyak ) * janice hornyak personal and professional frames in office discourse * susan hoyle negotiation of footing in play * carolyn kinney the interaction of frames , roles and footings : conversational strategies of co-leaders in a long-term group * yoshiko nakano interplay of expectations in cross-cultural miscommunication : a case study of negotiations between americans and japanese * suwako watanabe framing in group discussion : a comparison between japanese and american students interpreting , challenging , evaluating gender * jennifer curtis contestation of masculine identities in a battering intervention program * keller s . magenau more than feminine : attending to power and social distance dimensions in spoken and written workplace communication * keli yerian professional and gendered identities in the discourse of two public television directors * donna trousdale social languages and privileging : gender and school science discourse discursive enactments of cultural ideologies * isolda carranza stance - making in oral interviews * shari e . kendall religion and experience : constructed dialogue , narrative , and life story in religious testimonies * agnes weiyun he stories as interactional resources : narrative activity in academic counseling encounters * orla morrissey discourse analysis as an evaluation methodology for technology assessment in pre-competitive r and d environments 12 : 45 - 2 : 15 lunch 2 : 15 - 3 : 45 computational approaches to discourse analysis * megan moser and johanna d . moore an approach to the study of discourse cues * yan qu a computational approach for automatically extracting discourse rules * donald lewis theme and eventline in a classical hebrew narrative : a computer-assisted analysis conversational moves * c . antaki , f . diaz , a . collins participants ' orientation to footing : evidence from conversational completion * peter muntigl saving face in argument : an analysis of face-threatening disagreements fine - tuning conversation * hiroko spees how aizuchi ' back channels ' shape and are shaped by the interaction in japanese conversation * toshiko hamaguchi manifestation of shared knowledge in conversation * yrjo engestrom discursive disturbances as bridge between the micro and the macro : evidence from activity-theoretical studies in collaborative work settings 4 : 00 - 5 : 00 deborah tannen academic discourse as discourse 5 : 00 - 5 : 15 ralph fasold closing remarks * * how to contact gls 1995 * * please send registration and requests for information regarding special discounts on airfare , accommodations , and transportation to the georgetown linguistics society : gls 1995 internet : gls @ guvax . georgetown . edu georgetown university bitnet : gls @ guvax . bitnet department of linguistics voice : ( 202 ) 687-6166 479 intercultural center washington , d . c . 20057-1068 regularly updated information is available through the world - wide web georgetown linguistics home page : http : / / www . georgetown . edu / cball / gu _ lx . html * * registration * * on - site registration will begin at 11 : 00 a . m . in the intercultural center ( icc ) galleria on friday , february 17 , 1995 . students $ 30 . 00 non - students $ 40 . 00
  """",0
  1127,""""Subject: re : 6 . 167 words that are their own opposites
   
   and how about fine , meaning 1 . meets minimum standards of acceptibility , possibly just barely 2 . markedly better than the usual or handicap , meaning 1 . disadvantage in some context 2 . advantage given to weaker competitor jean braithwaite university of maryland
  """",0
  1128,""""Subject: words that are their own opposites : sum , cont 'd .
   
   here are some explanations of three famous types of auto-antonymy . bob fradkin gives us the auto-antonymy of verbs of covering / uncovering , chuck bigelow follows the english blackening of indo - european ' white ' , and david gamon explores how modal expressions may come to mean their opposite . * * * bob fradkin ( raf100f @ oduvm . cc . odu . edu ) writes : dust is part of a series of noun-verb conversions related to coverings of things . if the noun gives a covering that is natural to the thing , then the verb means """""""" remove the covering . """""""" if the covering is imposed , the verb means """""""" put the covering on . """""""" so you get """""""" shell an egg """""""" """""""" peel a banana """""""" but """""""" paint the furniture """""""" """""""" wax the floor . """""""" dust is interesting because it can go either way : """""""" dust the furniture """""""" ( a sort of natural covering to be removed ) vs . """""""" dust the crops """""""" ( put stuff on them that they did n't have and would n't unless humans put it there ) . i mentioned this in my english grammar book """""""" stalking the wild verb phrase """""""" ( univ . pr . of america 1991 ) at the end of chp . 3 . * * * chuck bigelow ( bigelow @ cs . stanford . edu ) writes : ) from historical linguistics , a well known example of a word 's meaning shifting to its opposite is english """""""" black """""""" , of which the indo - european root is * bhel - ' to shine , flash , burn , be white ' etc . another modern reflex of * bhel is """""""" bald """""""" - ' having a shining or white head ' . from a variant of * bhel - , * bhelg - / * bhleg - ' to shine , burn ' comes germanic * blakaz ' burned ' , and thence old english """""""" blaec """""""" - ' black , that which has been burned ' . nifty . ( i ' m using calvert watkins ' dictionary of ie roots , houghton mifflin , as reference . ) * * * david gamon ( gamon @ garnet . berkeley . edu ) writes : enantiodriomia refers to the diachronic process of acquiring an """""""" opposite """""""" meaning , and i suppose a word having two such meanings would be an enantiodrome . i learned this , by the way , from professor matisoff here at berkeley . enantiodromia of modals / attitudinals the first example of such a word i had drawn to my attention is * doubt * , which historically has a meaning such that to doubt that something be true meant to suspect it to be true . in some parts of northern england , i ' m told , it still has this meaning . this was brought to my attention by professor bill stewart at cuny . another example i ' m familiar with is the english modal * must * , which is reconstructed as meaning """""""" to have freedom or space """""""" ; the gothic cognate meant """""""" to be free or have permission ( to do something ) . """""""" there are two classes of explanation offered in the literature for this particular example of enantiodromia . first explanation : negation drops out klaren ( 1913 ) and antinucci and parisi ( 1971 ) propose that the semantic shift took place in a negative context , as follows : neg ( free to do x ) - - ) compelled ( neg ( do x ) ) given the equivalence of a lack of freedom to do something and a compulsion to not do something , an innovative """""""" compulsion """""""" semantics was reanalyzed from the """""""" freedom """""""" semantics in a negative context with concomitant scope change of the negative operator . the reanalysis is made esepcially perspicuous given a & p 's notation , which decomposes the older meaning of the modal ( freedom / persmission ) into the primes neg ( bind ( neg ) ) : if one is free to do something , then one is not bound to do it ; if this is negated , the first two negs cancel out to leave only the narrow-scope neg , with a resultant meaning of bind neg or """""""" compelled not """""""" with narrow-scope neg , as follows : cause ( x ) ( neg ( neg ( bind ( neg ( john goes out ) ) ) ) ) [ = j . may not go out ] - - - ) cause ( x ) ( bind ( neg ( john goes out ) ) ) [ = john must not go out ] the same sort of explanation could be applied in reverse to the german modal * duerfen * , which underwent a semantic shift from an original """""""" necessity """""""" or """""""" compulsion """""""" semantics ( cf . mod . germ . * beduerfen * """""""" need , require , """""""" * duerftig * """""""" needy , poor , lacking """""""" ) to the modern """""""" permission """""""" meaning : bind ( neg ( do x ) ) - - ) neg ( free ( do x ) ) however , the a&p notation fails to link the conservative and innovative senses in a natural manner . second explanation : antithetical nature of modality the other kind of explanation has been proposed by breal ( quoted in bech 1951 , p . 19 ) , visser ( 1963-73 , p . 1797 ) and traugott ( 1989 ) , and basically proposes that permission is used as a polite way of imposing obligation , with the implication subsequently being semanticized , or the originally indirect speech act giving way to direct , conventionalized coding . one might see the same sort of shift occurring in present-day english in contexts that suggest that this sort of explanation may indeed be valid , as in """""""" you may leave now . """""""" one can see from this , at least , that what counts as an """""""" opposite """""""" is largely a matter of the scale one implicitly chooses along which to arrange the items at issue , or the specific semantic prime upon which one chooses to focus . also , one would n't even think of conceptualizing the innovative meaning as antonymous if most of the conservative meaning were n't being preserved intact . another example is * prove * , which in middle english meant something like """""""" to test , """""""" or in a legal context , """""""" to put on trial . """""""" when the expression """""""" the exception proves the rule """""""" was coined , it quite logically meant that an exception or counterexample to a generalization or claim makes you question the generalization or that the exception so to speak puts the rule on trial . as the verb * prove * shifted its meaning 180 degrees , the expression , illogical though it then became , was preserved simply because it 's so handy - - whenever someone presents counterevidence to your claim , you can write it off as """""""" the exception that proves the rule """""""" ! ( it 's interesting , by the way , how many """""""" folk """""""" justifications there are of the sense of this idiom - - but that 's another story . ) references antinucci , francesco and domenico parisi ( 1971 ) . on english modal verbs , cls 7 : 28-39 . bech , gunnar ( 1951 ) . grundzuege der semantischen entwicklungsgeschichte der hochdeutschen modalverba . copenhagen : ejnar munksgaard . klaren , g . a . ( 1913 ) . die bedeutungsentwicklung von koennen , moegen , und muessen in hochdeutschen . umea : aktiebolaget umea tryckerier . traugott , elizabeth c . ( 1989 ) . on the rise of epistemic meanings in english : an example of subjectification in semantic change . language 65 : 31-55 . visser , frederikus t . ( 1963-73 ) . an historical syntax of the english language . 3 vols . leiden : brill .
  """",0
  1129,""""Subject: re : 6 . 191 words that are their own opposites
   
   another example , known to devotees of the times crossword , is ' cleave ' , which means both to adhere to and to divide ( a cloven hoof , meat cleaver ) .
  """",0
  1130,""""Subject: grammatical relations and derived notions
   
   about two months ago i posted a query which , somewhat abbreviated , ran as follows : """""""" for some time , i have been puzzled by a claim that i come across frequently in the formal grammatical literature , namely that since grammatical relations are derived , therefore they cannot be referred to by the grammar . more specifically , my puzzlement is not concerned with why some people believe both that grammatical relations are derived and that grammatical relations cannot be referred to by the grammar , but rather with why they think the second belief follows necessarily from the first . i would be grateful for any enlightenment on this issue . """""""" my query did n't elicit a vast number of responses , so maybe i should conclude that people are n't really interested in this issue , but for those who might be interested i will summarize the responses . first , no one defended the position that i criticized . indeed , the general tenor , explicit or implicit , of the responses is that the position is erroneous . i am thus inclined to continue believing that it is an error that has unfortunately crept into the literature , one which i hope will disappear . some people pointed to other specific examples in linguistics and other sciences where derived notions play a crucial role , making it meaningful to argue about what are the correct derived notions . second , some people suggested that those who appear to make the claim in question might really be trying to say something different ( e . g . simply that the grammar should not refer directly to grammatical relations ) . but examination of the two most recent instances that i encountered , and which prompted me to post the query , shows that they only make sense if the claim is interpreted literally as i suggested . third , some people asked me to cite references to where the claim is made . i prefer not to do so . ( 1 ) it is n't my aim to embarrass anyone in front of the whole list ; there are others who are much better at that than i am . ( 2 ) it would be unfair to the authors of the two instances that i encountered most recently and which i remember - - i do n't see why i should cite them , especially as they are linguists whose work i respect - - while those i happen not to remember go uncited . i will be happy if the erroneous claim does n't appear in future . i am grateful to the following for their responses : dan finer , f . lehman , adam meyers , fritz newmeyer , sebastian shaumyan , jean - roger vergnaud . bernard comrie ( comrie @ bcf . usc . edu ) bernard comrie dept of linguistics gfs-301 tel + 1 213 740 2986 university of southern california fax + 1 213 740 9306 los angeles , ca 90089-1693 , usa e-mail comrie @ bcf . usc . edu
  """",0
  1131,""""Subject: citing e-texts summary
   
   dear linguists , here is the summary of responses i received in answer to my query about citing e-texts . firstly , though , i would like to thank the following people who kindly sent references and suggestions : keith schultz bruce nevin ismail s talib evelyn todd karl vogel helmer strik joel kristina harris loren allen billings stavros macrakis golge citak - seferoglu michael bernstein petur knutsson jane a . edwards , and allan c . wechsler * * * * * several people supplied the following references : 1 . li , xia & nancy b . crane ( 1993 ) _ electronic style : a guide to citing electronic information _ . meckler ( isbn 0-88736 - 909 - x ) approx . $ 15 . 00 . [ this reference seems to be the standard which most scholars currently follow ] 2 . apa style guide version 1 . 2 , revised july 14 , 1994 prepared by ron corio ( rcorio @ cabell . vcu . edu ) & maggi sokolik ( msokolik @ uclink . berkeley . edu ) adapted from : american psychological association . ( 1983 ) . _ publication manual of the american psychological association ( 3rd . ed . ) . _ washington , d . c . : american psychological association . 3 . _ the chicago manual of style _ 14th edition ( chicago : the university of chicago press , 1993 ) , pp . 633 - 4 , 699 . and loren allen billings gives the following reference : 4 . _ text encoding initiative _ . i ' m not sure who published it , but it is two volumes of everything you want to know about standardizing electronic texts . published in 1993 , i believe . jane edwards informs that : tesl-ej has prepared an electronic guide to preparing manuscripts according to apa ( american psychological association ) standards . this guide includes information on how to cite e-mail messages , online articles , as well as more traditional references . if you are interested in getting the guide , send a message to : listserv @ cmsa . berkeley . edu the text of the message should be the following line ( and nothing more ! ) get teslej - l apaguide teslej - l f = mail * * * * * jane then supplies a section from the tesl publication guide : note : the following is not a complete listing . if you have a reference or citation that does not fit the examples given here , please consult one of the reference works above . if you do not have access to them , contact one of the authors of this file . instructions include a reference list ( headed """""""" references """""""" ) at the end of the tesl-ej article that documents your sources and provides the necessary information to identify and retrieve each source . references must include only the sources that were used in the research and preparation of the article . a reference list cites specific works that support a particular article . a bibliography cites works for background or for further reading . apa journal style requires reference lists , not bibliographies . because of the limitations of ascii , certain typographical features cannot be displayed on screen . underscoring should be indicated by typing an underscore mark before and after the segment of text to be italicized or underlined . example : . . . in the journal _ language learning _ , diacritical marking , such as umlauts or accent marks , should be omitted . if the omission of these marks creates ambiguity or possible misinterpretation , this can be clarified via a footnote or parenthetical explanation . please note that the examples used in this document are for illustration only , and should not be used for actual citations . many are fictional or partly fictional . check all your sources carefully . i . in-text documentation citation within the text of a document refers the reader to an alphabetical reference list at the end of the article . apa format uses the author-date method of citation . the surname of the author and the date of publication are inserted at the appropriate point in the text . a . one work by single author 1 . if the name of the author appears in the text , cite only the year of publication in the text . shannon 's ( 1989 ) historical analysis . . . . 2 . otherwise , place the surname of the author and the year of publication with a comma separating the two . . . . lead to successful language learning ( chaudron , 1988 ) . 3 . within a paragraph you need not repeat the references to an author 's work as long as it cannot be confused with other work cited in the article . b . one work by two or more authors 1 . when a work has two authors , always use the surnames of both authors in all citations . join the two names by an ampersand ( & ) within parentheses , or by """""""" and """""""" within the text . . . . or simply ignore it ( hill & parry , 1988 ) . 2 . when a work has 3 - 6 authors , use the surnames of all authors in the first citation . in subsequent citations , include only the surname of the first author followed by """""""" et al . """""""" . . . process the text hierarchically ( armbruster , anderson & ostertag , 1984 ) . . . . 3 . when a work has more than six authors , use only the surname of the first author followed by """""""" et al . """""""" . . . on a test with exclusively open-ended questions ( pollit et al . , 1985 ) . c . works with no authors when a work has no author , cite the first two or three words of the reference list entry followed by the year . the first entry is usually the title . underline the title of a periodical or book and use double quotation marks around the title of an article or chapter . . . . on language use ( """""""" world languages , """""""" 1992 ) . . . . in the book ( _ language use _ , 1991 ) . d . specific parts of a source to cite a specific part of a source , include the page , chapter , figure , table , or equation in the citation . the words """""""" page """""""" and """""""" chapter """""""" are abbreviated in such citations ( see abbreviations ) . . . . and rewriting what is read ( freire , 1983 , p . 11 ) . abbreviations : chap . chapter ed . edition rev . ed . revised edition 2nd ed . second edition ed . ( eds . ) editor ( editors ) trans . translator ( s ) p . ( pp . ) page ( pages ) vol . volume ( as in vol . 4 ) vols . volumes ( as in four volumes ) no . number pt . part tech . rep . technical report suppl . supplement geographical abbreviations : for the u . s . , states and territories in the reference list should use the official two-letter u . s . p . s . abbreviation . city names and country names should not be abbreviated . e . personal communications letters , memos , telephone conversations , etc . are not included in the reference list , thus are cited in the text only . include the initials as well as the surname of the author and provide as exact a date as possible . . . . according to d . b . cooper ( personal communication , april 15 , 1969 ) . f . references in parenthetical material if a reference appears within parentheses , use commas ( not brackets ) to set off the date . . . . the second level ( see figure 1 of cowell & ross , 1992 , for full explanation . ) ii . reference list a . complete reference list the reference list should be in alphabetical order by author 's surnames . with names including """""""" de """""""" , """""""" von """""""" , etc . , those names should be alphabetized according to the rules of the language from which they originate . each entry should be indented five spaces from the second line forward , and there should be a blank line between entries . b . apa style 1 . periodicals doyle , w . ( 1977 ) . learning the classroom environment : an ecological analysis . _ journal of teacher education , 28 _ , 51-55 . 2 . books a . entire books bishop , a . j . & whitfield , r . c . ( 1982 ) . _ situations in teaching _ . london : mcgraw - hill . b . article or chapter within a book heath , s . b . ( 1989 ) . the learner as culture member , in m . l . rice & r . l . schiefelbusch ( eds . ) , _ the teachability of language _ ( pp . 333-350 ) . toronto : paul h . brookes . 3 . technical and research reports cummins , j . ( 1981 ) . the role of primary language development in promoting educational success for language minority students . in california state department of education ( ed . ) , _ schooling and language minority students : a theoretical framework _ . los angeles : california state university , evaluation , dissemination , and assessment center . 4 . proceedings of meetings and symposiums olson , d . r . , & hildyard , a . ( 1980 ) . _ literacy and the comprehension of literal meaning _ . paper presented at the conference on the development and use of writing systems , biefefeld , germany . 5 . doctoral dissertations and master 's theses besnier , n . ( 1986 ) . _ spoken and written registers in a restricted-literacy setting _ . unpublished doctoral dissertation . university of southern california , los angeles . 6 . unpublished manuscripts and publications of limited circulation parry , j . ( 1982 ) . _ popular attitudes towards hindu religious texts _ . unpublished manuscript . 7 . translations and non - english text translation : freud , s . ( 1920 ) . _ a general introduction to psychoanalysis _ ( j . riviere , trans . ) . new york : pocket books . non - english text : raynaud de lage , g . ( 1975 ) . _ introduction a l ' ancien francais _ , ( 9e edition ) . [ _ introduction to old french _ , ( 9th ed . ) ] . paris : societe d ' edition d ' enseignement superieur . 8 . reviews and interviews book review : rea , p . m . ( 1984 ) . [ review of _ issues in language testing _ by charles alderson and arthur hughes , eds . ] . _ language learning 34 , 3 _ , 175-188 . published interview : smith , d . ( 1990 ) . [ interview with wu leong ] . _ english yesterday 10 , 5 _ , 57-90 . 9 . nonprint media film : kirosawa , a . ( director & producer ) . ( 1970 ) . _ dodes ' kaden _ [ film ] . tokyo : films ltd . audio recording : carter , b . ( speaker ) . ( 1977 ) . _ the growth of english _ . ( cassette recording no . 222 ) . new york : audio associates . 10 . electronic media computer programs : sandford , j . a . & browne , r . j . ( 1985 ) . captain 's log : cognitive training system ( version 1 . 0 ) [ computer program ] . indianapolis : psychological software services , inc . online databases : _ the educational directory _ . [ online ] . ( 1992 ) . available : knowledge index file : the educational directory ( educ6 ) . ftp or telnet : kehoe , b . p . ( 1992 ) . _ zen and the art of the internet ( 2nd . ed . ) , [ online ] . available ftp ( or telnet ) : quake . think . com directory : pub / etext / 1992 file : zen10 . text articles available via e-mail : root , c . ( 1994 ) . esl and learning disabilities : a guide for the esl practitioner . _ tesl-ej 1 _ . available e-mail : listserv @ cmsa . berkeley . edu message : get teslej01 a - 4 teslej - l f = mail to cite e-mail messages : general format : author ( year , month day ) . _ subject of message _ [ e-mail to receiver 's name ] , [ online ] . available e-mail : receiver 's e-mail address . example : corio , r . ( 1994 , june 1 ) . _ apa guide deadline _ [ e-mail to margaret e . sokolik ] , [ online ] . available e-mail : msokolik @ uclink . berkeley . edu . * * * * * far as the location of a citation within an e-text is concerned keith schultz offers the following advice : 1 ) mention of context ; 2 ) character position of beginning within e-text 3 ) location given in paragraphs , lines , chapters , etc . naturally , these methods are not very effective or feasible for the human reader , but a human with a computer can very effectively find the given citations within an e-text within seconds given the above information . secondly , as e-text are generally located on mass storage ( disks ) they can be directly distributed with your article for reference . and not last but least the citation itself is a positional marker of the citation within the text itself if it is sufficiently large enough . finally , some noteworthy comments and common sense advice : keith also notes : """""""" i would not cite any source without first knowing where it has come from and its source as it is far to easy to manipulate any e-text and pass it on without leaving any traces of foul play , other than it differing from the original . """""""" on this same note , stavros macrakis states : """""""" if the provenance [ of the e - text ] is not clear , i do n't know why you 'd want to cite the thing in the first place ! if i give you a half-dozen xerox copies without the necessary bibliographic information , you would be wise not to rely on them too much ! """""""" and finally an important note on etiquette from evelyn todd : """""""" if you wish to cite an item that you received via [ . . . e-mail lists ] , please consider if the posting was public or private and contact its author for permission to cite . postings can be considered as published material , but it is always wise to check with the author before assuming that widespread dissemination was intended . """""""" [ i hope the evelyn and the other authors of the above comments do not mind my breaking this rule of etiquette here . ] i hope the information in this summary is of as much use to you all as it is to me and colleagues . thanks again to all those who contributed . """""""" moce mada """""""" jan tent department of literature and language school of humanities the university of the south pacific p . o . box 1168 suva fiji tel : ( 679 ) 313900 ext . 2263 fax : ( 679 ) 305053 e - mail : tent _ j @ usp . ac . fj
  """",0
  1132,""""Subject: sum : written signs in speech
   
   content - length : 18171 i ' m very grateful to those who responded - with such interesting references , comments and examples - to my query about written signs being transferred to speech , and apologize that i could n't thank everyone individually . those who replied were : agnes roman ( aromi @ eratos . erin . utoronto . ca ) peter jones ( jonep @ dg13 . cec . be ) deborah milam berkley ( dberkley @ u . washington . edu ) karen gammelgaard ( karen . gammelgaard @ easteur-orient . uio . no ) gail stygall ( stygall @ u . washington . edu ) """""""" rebecca larche moreton ( becky ) """""""" ( mlrlm @ vm . cc . olemiss . edu ) robert dale ( rdale @ microsoft . com ) """""""" karen s . chung """""""" ( karchung @ ccms . ntu . edu . tw ) peter - arno coppen ( u250005 @ vm . uci . kun . nl ) """""""" dr . christian k . nelson """""""" ( cnelson @ vm . cc . purdue . edu ) philippe mennecier ( ferry @ cimrs1 . mnhn . fr ) """""""" e . h . klein - v . d . laaken """""""" ( klein @ let . rug . nl ) stephen p spackman ( spackman @ dfki . uni-sb . de ) """""""" john m . jeep """""""" ( jjeep @ miamiu . acs . muohio . edu ) bill king ( wfking @ ccit . arizona . edu ) james kirchner ( jpkirchner @ aol . com ) my original posting asked about such sentences as : we used to believe that """""""" real """""""" men did n't show their emotions which i thought could be expressed in speech as : we used to believe that real - in quotation marks - men . . . or we used to believe that quote real ( unquote ) men . . . or by ' imitating ' double quotation marks with one or two fingers of both hands when pronouncing ' real ' . other examples were the use of the word ' period ' : elvis was the greatest there ever was , period . and ' underline ' , ' unterstreichen ' and 's ouligner ' to mean ' emphasize ' . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * roman agnes ( aromi @ eratos . erin . utoronto . ca ) just a few exemples from hungarian ; 1 . """""""" megirod a leckedet , pont . """""""" = you ' ll write your homework , period . ( meaning : strict order , no further discussion permitted . ) 2 . """""""" eljott kati is , zarojelben megjegyzem , nagyon ideges volt . . . """""""" = kathy came too , [ and ] i note in parentheses , she was very nervous . ( meaning : i make a """""""" side """""""" comment ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * jones peter ( jonep @ dg13 . cec . be ) the french use ' full stop ' with even more emphasis - point , a la ligne . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * deborah milam berkley ( dberkley @ u . washington . edu ) this is n't a serious scholarly answer to your query . have you ever heard victor borge 's routine on so-called """""""" phonetic punctuation """""""" ? it 's awfully funny . he does it on the video of his 80th birthday celebration at wolf trap in the u . s . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * karen . gammelgaard @ easteur-orient . uio . no a good introduction to problems of transferring written signs to speech and vice versa is josef vachek ( 1989 ) , written language revisited , amsterdam - philadelphia : john benjamins . your example with the use of period meaning no more discussion necessary has equivalents in czech and danish . czech : """""""" elvis byl nejvetsi zpevak vsech dob , tecka . """""""" ( tecka = period ) danish : """""""" elvis var tidernes st | rste , punktum """""""" ( punktum = period ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * gail stygall ( stygall @ u . washington . edu ) author : dillon , george l . title : my words of an other . year : 1988 language : english pub . type : journal article ; evaluative report ; position paper source : college english ; v50 n1 p63 - 73 jan 1988 abstract : considers the conventions of quotation marks - - or """""""" perverted commas """""""" - - and identifies seven uses , including shudder quotes ( slang or inappropriate words ) and scare quotes ( used for attention or emphasis ) . notes that quotation marks influence meaning and that finding a personal voice entails using language without quotes . ( mm ) subject major : punctuation . subject minor : discourse - analysis . higher - education . plagiarism . semantics . writing - composition identifiers : quotations . voice - rhetoric . word - choice . word - potency . writing - attitudes . writing - style . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * """""""" rebecca larche moreton ( becky ) """""""" ( mlrlm @ vm . cc . olemiss . edu ) your first example of punctuation that has been put into a spoken sentence is interesting because the quotation marks around """""""" real """""""" in """""""" real """""""" man are the written way of expressing ironic emphasis in the voice that would otherwise be lost in print . then , reading from the page , or pretending to do so , the speaker says : real , quote-unquote , or makes one of the bracketing gestures y ou mention , but i 'd be willing to bet he also puts the extra stress on the work real , just as he would have done if he had n't said quote - unquote . so the irony is doubly marked . in the other example , in your irrefutable statement about the king , the word period serves as an emphatic sentence particle . this is not the meaning of an actual period , which in print serves simply to show the end of a sentence . there are , then , two different things going on in the two examples . i have heard people who really wanted to cut off further debate say things like : you are not going out tonight , period , period ! with the first period on a low pitch and the second one higher and much louder . the second period has emphatic stress , i . e . , is higher and louder than the first , which has end-of - sentence pitch and a stress . as for other examples , the only ones that come to mind right now are those involving the decimal system : in french , one says """""""" sept virgule trois """""""" for 7 , 3 just as we say seven point three . this must have parallels in other languages . by the way , since you are interested in this , maybe you 'd enjoy hearing the phonetic punctuation routines of the danish - born pianist and comedian victor borge . he has a system of indicating punctuation by means of various mouth-noises , usually as rude as possible , which makes for some hilarious patter . it has been a long time since i heard him , but i believe his records are still available . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * robert dale ( rdale @ microsoft . com ) what 's your take on the use of the word """""""" parenthetically """""""" as in parenthetically , i should say here that . . . stretching it a bit further , how about """""""" item """""""" in the following ( not at all convinced by this one but just in case ) : there are some things we should get straight here . item : no smoking in class ; item : no eating in class . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * """""""" karen s . chung """""""" ( karchung @ ccms . ntu . edu . tw ) this happens when certain words are borrowed from the local dialect , ' taiwanese ' ( or ' southern min ' ) , into the standard national language , mandarin , via latin letters to represent the taiwanese sound . e . g . a local variety of lettuce is called in taiwanese e5 a2 chhai3 , and perhaps most people call it by its taiwanese name rather than its mandarin name , wo1 ju4 . but then it became common to represent the taiwanese term in writing thus : a cai4 . people subsequently started pronouncing it like it was written , which is quite unlike the taiwanese compound on which it was based . the same has happened with the taiwanese term for 's pringy ' ( in reference e . g to rice ) : khiu7 became q . this raised the tone from a middle level to high level ( there is no middle level tone in mandarin ) . i can give you a reference on this : hansell , mark ( mhansell @ carleton . edu ) . _ the sino - alphabet : the assimilation of roman letters into the chinese writing system _ . philadelphia : sino - platonic papers , no . 45 , may 1994 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * peter - arno coppen ( u250005 @ vm . uci . kun . nl ) i think the quotation marks can also be expressed by a characteristic intonation pattern ( starting the quoted part with a new tone word , with l * hl intonation ) . also , pronouncing quotation marks with """""""" say """""""" seems ( in some cases ) to be appropriate : i think that , say """""""" intelligence """""""" , has something to do with it about the origin : in the sixties / seventies , the danish comedian victor borge was rather successful with his """""""" phonetic puntuation """""""" , in which he e . g . """""""" pronounced """""""" quotation marks with two clicking sounds , accompanied by the finger sign you mentioned . this will surely not be the origin , but i saw many people imitating him since then . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * """""""" dr . christian k . nelson """""""" ( cnelson @ vm . cc . purdue . edu ) i ' m not sure , but think that what you ' re interested in might overlap with the phenomenon of """""""" reported speech , """""""" which bakhtin and his circle dealt with . perhaps there is a better reference for their work , but the one i ' m familiar with is v . n . volosinov 's ( 1973 ) _ marxism and the philosophy of language _ ( cambridge , ma : harvard univ . press ; l . matejka & i . r titunik , trans . ) . i should note that some believe this book was actually authored by bahktin , but bears volosinov 's name for political reasons . anyway , part 3 seems pertinent to your interests . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * philippe mennecier ferry @ cimrs1 . mnhn . fr the same phenomena exist in french : on a coutume de penser que les vrais hommes ( entre guillemets ) ne montrent pas leurs e / motions . ( your example ) , or the same - by ' imitating ' double quotation marks with * two * fingers of both hands when pronouncing """""""" vrais hommes """""""" . to break off further discussion , we say , as your """""""" period """""""" : """""""" un point , c ' est tout . """""""" it 's lexicalized . je ne le ferai pas , un point c ' est tout . ( i shall not do that , period ) note also , lexicalized : """""""" entre parenthe / ses """""""" ( """""""" e """""""" with """""""" grave accent """""""" ) or , better , """""""" soit dit entre parenthe / ses """""""" ( by the way ) , in order to express a private comment . ( . . . ) ( soit dit ) entre parenthe / ses , il n ' est pas tre 's malin . ( by the way , between ourselves , he is not very clever ) of course , we can use other expression by irony , like : i said that with points of suspension ( avec des points de suspension ) , but it is not lexicalized . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * """""""" e . h . klein - v . d . laaken """""""" ( klein @ let . rug . nl ) i can contribute some dutch examples : je gaat vanavond niet weg , punt uit ! you go tonight not away , period end ! * meaning : end of discussion of het vlug genoeg gaat . . daar zet ik wat vraagtekens bij . whether it goes fast enough . . there i add some question marks . * meaning : i ' m not to sure about that hij onderstreepte nog eens hoe belangrijk dit was . he underlined once again how important this was . een echte - tussen aanhalingstekens - man . . a real - between quotation marks - man een echte man - tussen aanhalingstekens dan . . a real man - that is , between quotation marks . . tussen twee haakjes , wat doe jij vanavond ? between two brackets , what do you tonight ? * meaning : introducing a question unrelated to the discussion that goes on or has just finished . de boeren , die het , tussen twee haakjes , al gemakkelijker hebben dan vroeger , . . the farmers , who , between two brackets , have already an easier life than before , . . * meaning : an additional remark , that nevertheless has some importance i heard or read somewhere ( do n't know where , do n't know when ) that people use also keyboardstrikes in their talk , that would be a modern version of your question ; e . g . , f7 meaning ' i will remember ' ( from wordperfect ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * i seem to recall that the last words of sellar & yateman ( spelling from memory ! ) _ 1066 and all that _ are """""""" america was now clearly top nation and so history came to a full . """""""" i ' m not sure what kind of example that is : - ) . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * """""""" john m . jeep """""""" ( jjeep @ miamiu . acs . muohio . edu ) the germans also say / use """""""" in / mit gaensefuesschen """""""" lit . 's mall goose feet ' , the colloquial expression for quotation marks , with similar elocutionary force . my suspicion is that this is a borrowing ( by academics ? ) from english and / or american , but of course these things are difficult to trace . there must be a technical term for the study of gestures ( the german term is ' gestik ' , from ' geste ' ' gesture ; the former being an abstract noun ' gesturing ' or the like ) . i seem to remember the same quotation marks gesture in the german usage ( german here means german language , not limited , in my mind , to german citizens ) . it is not uncommon for a german speaker , while lecturing , to use the middle finger [ sic ] to punctuate the first in a series of fingered ordinal numbers , although in a restaurant the thumb is used as ' 1 ' , thumb and pointer for ' 2 ' and so on . of course the obscene insult can be used as well , another borrowing ? * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * bill king wfking @ ccit . arizona . edu spoken ellipsis . """""""" so , in the middle of the lecture she was saying that the rhetorical usage was changing dot dot dot . we got the message long before she finished . """""""" * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * james kirchner jpkirchner @ aol . com the first time i became aware of this phenomenon was in the late ' 60s , when i was about 12 , and some british """""""" progressive rock """""""" song was being played on the radio here in detroit ( do n't remember the name or the group ) . it began with a spoken part mimicking a preacher or professor and he was pronouncing the letters of the abbreviation """""""" i . e . """""""" rather than saying """""""" as in """""""" : """""""" . . . [ ? aj ? i : ] society , [ ? aj ? i : ] the church . . . """""""" this spoken """""""" i . e . """""""" is so common here in the states that , despite being a """""""" highly literate """""""" person , i did n't know it meant """""""" as in """""""" until a year or two ago when my czech - born teaching colleagues in europe told me . i still do n't believe the two mean the same thing anymore in colloquial speech . people here also pronounce """""""" e . g . """""""" for """""""" for example """""""" , """""""" a k a """""""" for """""""" also known as """""""" , and latin abbreviations are often pronounced as written , such as """""""" et al """""""" for """""""" and others """""""" . the french """""""" a la """""""" used in the sense of """""""" after the fashion of """""""" is so commonly spoken that i now see it written as a word """""""" ala """""""" . the most common rendering of the written quotation marks here is a sort of quickly spoken compound word """""""" quoteunquote """""""" , as in , """""""" he 's not a quoteunquote * real * man . """""""" ( the emphasis always follows . ) business offices are full of spoken acronyms spoken such as """""""" cya """""""" ( from """""""" cover your ass """""""" ) to mean a nearly superfluous blame prevention precaution or fact verification measure one takes when doing a particular job ( """""""" do it as a cya """""""" or """""""" this is just a cya measure """""""" ) . """""""" kma """""""" from """""""" kiss my ass """""""" , in ad agencies , designates a job people have to do free on their own time , e . g . , because it 's for their boss 's favorite charity ( """""""" this is just a kma so do n't hurry . """""""" or """""""" it 's a kma job , but you still have to rush it , i ' m really sorry . """""""" ) asap """""""" as soon as possible """""""" is pronounced as a word sounding nearly like """""""" ass at """""""" . i suppose the classic case of such a thing is the originally military word """""""" snafu """""""" , which stood for """""""" situation normal - - all fucked up """""""" . check this if it 's useful , but i swear i heard people in the czech republic colloquially using the letters of their abbreviation """""""" atd . """""""" instead of the full """""""" a tak dale """""""" to mean """""""" for example """""""" . closer to what you ' re asking for would be the growing use of the phrase """""""" question mark """""""" over here to mean simply something unknown : """""""" this event leaves a big question mark over the whole project . """""""" you know , this phenomenon is n't only confined to speech . here is a sentence from the letters column of the january 30 , 1995 u . s . edition of time magazine : """""""" those of us who have to use pcs at work but choose to have macs at home know that macs , while not problem free , are far and away superior to pc compatibles , period ! """""""" notice this use of """""""" period """""""" followed by an exclamation point . the word period in this usage has been reanalysed to such a degree that it 's not uncommon in the u . s . to hear emphatic statements like the following : """""""" i ' m not going period ! exclamation point ! """""""" """""""" period """""""" has thus come to mean something like """""""" in any case """""""" . americans also say """""""" slash """""""" to designate """""""" / """""""" : """""""" he 's kind of a carpenter slash bricklayer . """""""" """""""" it 's more or less like a cafe slash bookshop . """""""" """""""" if he slash she has a gender , * i * sure can't tell ! """""""" we also say """""""" hyphen """""""" in a similar way : """""""" he 's an actor hyphen tennis pro . """""""" also do n't forget the emergence over the last 20 years or so of the term """""""" bottom line """""""" , describing the sum of an arithmetic problem or an accounting ledger , and used to mean """""""" the summation """""""" or """""""" the point of the matter """""""" . in the 1970s i heard it mainly in two set forms , the question , """""""" what 's the bottom line ? """""""" ( i . e . , what 's the point ? ) and a main clause """""""" the bottom line is that . . . """""""" ( i . e . , what i ' m getting at is . . . ) . now it 's become sort of a complementizer as well , so you hear things like : """""""" he gave me this big runaround about how his wife was sick , and he had to do overtime at work , and he 's got an exam coming , and all this crap , bottom line he 's not gonna come . """""""" i ' ve also heard people , who want to end useless heated discussion of something and move on to another point , yell things like , """""""" wait a minute ! . . . . . new paragraph ! """""""" some of this stuff almost sounds like people are thinking in comic strip images : """""""" there 's a question mark hanging over him . """""""" ( i . e . , his fate is uncertain ) . this is similar to idioms that most certainly have such origins , such as , """""""" i just saw a light bulb over your head . what 's your idea ? """""""" the germans read the comma aloud in their decimals much as we here say """""""" point """""""" , so american 1 . 0 """""""" one point zero """""""" would be german 1 , 0 """""""" eins komma null """""""" .
  """",0
  1133,""""Subject: re : 6 . 176 sum - c gemination
   
   reply to : re ) 6 . 176 sum : c gemination ( syntactic ) afterthought on gemination - - sorry to come in late on the discussion . the summary notes the celtic """""""" mutation """""""" called """""""" gemination """""""" in works such thurneysen 's grammar of old irish . one should not be too quick to call it that . subsequent work has shown that mostly this meant the absence of lenition or nasalization , not an actual twinning ( . i . doubling ) of the sound . this is the vestige of ( common celtic or pre - irish ) - c [ - nasal ] # # c - - boundaries , as opposed to those which caused lenition ( - v # # c - - ) and nasalization ( - c [ + nasal ] # # c - - ) . nasalization was ( is ) realized as the voicing of unvoiced initial stops , and the nasalization of voiced stops , with variations too ornate to go into here . note that in old irish , various kinds of subordination were marked very often by the lenition or nasalization of the initial consonant of the initial word of the clause ( usu . a verb , of course ) . see thurneysen for an exhaustive display of the facts . i cannot speak for mod . breton , but my impression is that the brythonic situation largely reflects a similar """""""" system """""""" .
  """",0
  1134,""""Subject: re : 6 . 161 qs : cree , new guinea language , karcevskij , dick armey
   
   re : dick , dick armey has anyone done any 007 sleuthing on the time gap between the error and correction ? has armey made such errors before ? what about the prosody ? is there a tune called """""""" begin the harangue """""""" with a hard g ? bill king univ . of arizona disclaimer : i know how to pronounce barney frank .
  """",0
  1135,""""Subject: dependency grammar
   
   my draft of a booklength manuscript on """""""" unification dependency grammar """""""" is now available via anonymous ftp from julius . ohio-state . edu . ps . gz in the directory \ pub \ hpsg \ papers \ udg via the commands mget * . * ( for all files ) or get ( filename ) ( for any one file ) i am also told that the url ( whatever that is ) is ftp / / ling . ohio-state . edu / pub / hpsg / papers / udg . note the suffix . gz on the filenames . this means that the files are compressed and need to be uncompressed via the command """""""" gunzip """""""" . but if you are accessing from a www browser , then the uncompression usually occurs automatically . due to the sometimes less than perfect compatibility of different computer systems , some of the trees and feature structures in the version you receive may be somewhat garbled . if so , let me know and i will send you a paper copy of the unreadable parts . even linguists not generally interested in formal syntax might want to look at chapter 1 , since this is not very technical , covers general background and provides a general comparison of dependency structure and constituent structure . chapter 2 deals with the lexicon , and as in any lexicalist model is necessarily considerably more technical . but if you understand this , the other chapters are more or less self-contained , i think . in other words , you could read and generally understand chapter 6 , for example , without reading chapters 3 - 5 . there is possibly no individual concept in this text which is completely new . it is rather a new combination of old concepts . a particularly large debt is owed to hpsg . dan maxwell 100101 . 2276 @ compuserve . com
  """",0
  1136,""""Subject: summary of multimodal refs
   
   summary to my query of early january : ) dear linguists , ) ) does anyone know of work - - studies , analyses - - in multimodal reference : ) i . e . how words and picture interact and refer to each other in texts ? ) thanks to all who responsed , among them : susan meredith burt , robert dale , karen emmorey , sharon flank , lisa frumkes , sabine geldof , james a . mcgilvray , georgia green , marti hearst , richard hirsch , sally jacoby , pirjo karvonen , john lee , dick oehrle , toshio ohori , laurent romary , deborah d k ruuskanen , roberta trites , mats wiren . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the background to my query is that my group has worked for some time with multimodal input to computer systems , using combinations of text and direct manipulation : point and click gestures . just recently we extended our scope somewhat , and we have just completed a first running version of a speech interface to a 3 - d graphic virtual environment . i myself am looking at reference resolution in the interface . we are currently in the process of experimenting and fooling about with it . i was surprised myself at the strong effects of visual focus and interactivity on referent choice in situations which could be construed as ambiguous , and conversely , how in certain constructions , the textual effects completely override visual and gestural cues . just recently we completed the first stage of the project . i will be happy to mail anyone a copy of our first tentative report on how things turned out . this led me on to a side track : i am currently working on a statistical study of a tintin album ( l ' oreille cassee ) to see how the pictorial mode of the text affects the structure of referential expressions . jussi karlgren , ivan bretan , niklas frost , lars jonsson . 1995 . ` ` interaction models for speech interfaces to virtual environments ' ' , proceedings of second eurographics workshop on virtual environments - - realism and real time , monte carlo . darmstadt : fraunhofer igd . integrating speech and virtual reality technology is being done simultaneously by several research groups , and there are several publications from various sources in the works . naturally , multimodality in the human computer interface can be more than speech , vision , and gestures , and a fair amount of work has been put into investigating effects of adding text input or output to graphical displays or vice versa . there are several studies made on multimodal aspects of human-human discourse , both spoken and in text form , some with an eye on application on human-computer interaction , and some not . several responses encouraged me to look more at studies of children 's literature : the standard reference to that appears to be nodelman , in the following list . the following list only contains the complete references i have been sent so far . they keep arriving , so i may post a revised version if i receive enough more material . naturally , the field is diverse and large , and this list does in no way even approximate the breadth and depth of study in the area , but much of the work in it is new to me . i hope it is of some use ! ( more ) computer oriented work - - system descriptions and empirical studies : edwin bos , carla huls , and wim claassen . 1994 . ` ` edward : full integration of language and action in a multimodal user interface ' ' { \ it international journal of human - computer studies } , { \ bf 40 } : 473-495 . r . chandrasekar and s . ramani . 1989 . ` ` interactive communication of sentential structure and content : an alternative approach to man-machine communication ' ' , { \ it international journal of man - machine studies } { \ bf 30 } : 121-148 . \ item philip r . cohen . 1992 . ` ` the role of natural language in a multimodal interface ' ' , proceedings of the acm symposium on user interface software and technology ( uist ) , monterey , pp . 143-150 . steven k . feiner and kathleen r . mckeown . automating the generation of coordinated multimedia explanations ieee computer 24 ( 10 ) 33-41 october 1991 . interactive spoken dialogue interface in virtual worlds christophe godereaux , korinna diebel , pierre - olivier el guedj , pierre nugues . proc . ling conc and methods in cscw , london , nov 94 . govindaraju , v . ; srihari , s . n . ; sher , d . b . caption - aided face location in newspaper photographs . proceedings of 11th iapr international conference on pattern recognition . vol . 1 . computer vision and applications . the hague , netherlands . 1992 . los alamitos , ca , usa : ieee comput . soc . press , p . 474 - 7 . govindaraju , v . ; srihari , s . n . ; sher , d . a computational model for face location based on cognitive principles . aaai-92 . proceedings tenth national conference on artificial intelligence , san jose , ca , usa . 1992 . menlo park , ca , usa : aaai press , p . 350 - 5 . \ item [ susann luperfoy ] . 1992 . { \ it the representation of multimodal user interface dialogues using discourse pegs } . { \ it proceedings of the 30th annual meeting of the association of computational linguistics } , newark . \ item johanna d . moore and william r . swartout . 1990 . ` ` pointing : a way toward explanation dialogue ' ' , { \ it proceedings of aaai } , boston . dagmar schmauck ' deixis in der mensch - maschine - interaktion multimediala referentenidentifikation durch naturliche und simulierte zeigegesten . ' tubingen : niemeyer . 1991 . wahlster , w . , andre , e . , finkler , w . , profitlich , h . - j . and rist , t . plan - based integration of natural language and graphics generation . artificial intelligence , 63 ( 1 - 2 ) pp 387-427 , october 1993 ( less ) computer based work , mainly human-human interaction studies , although some have an eye on application in human-computer interface design . \ item [ alphonse chapanis , robert b . ochsman , robert n . parrish , and gerald d . weeks ] , ` ` studies in interactive communication : i . the effects of four communication modes on the behavior of teams during cooperative problem solving ' ' , human factors 14 : 6 ( 1972 ) 487-509 \ item [ alphonse chapanis , robert n . parrish , robert b . ochsman , and gerald d . weeks ] , ` ` studies in interactive communication : ii . the effects of four communication modes on the behavior of teams during cooperative problem solving ' ' , human factors 19 : 2 ( 1977 ) 101-126 \ item [ philip r . cohen ] , ` ` the pragmatics of referring and the modality of communication ' ' , computational linguistics 10 : 2 ( 1984 ) 97-147 glenberg , a . & kruley , p . ( 1992 ) . pictures and anaphora : evidence for independent processes . _ memory and cognition _ , 20 ( 5 ) , 461-471 . glenberg , a . & mcdaniel , m . ( 1992 ) . mental models , pictures , and text : integration of spatial and verbal information . _ memory and cognition _ , 20 ( 5 ) , 458-460 . nelson goodman _ languages of art _ and _ routes of reference _ georgia m . green and margaret olsen . interactions of text and illustration in beginning reading . technical report 355 , center for the study of reading , university of illinois , champaign , illinois . hammel , eugene a . ( 1972 ) the myth of structural analysis : levi - strauss and the three bears . current topics in antrhropology , vol . 5 , module 26 , 1972 , paages 1-29 . neilson and lee , """""""" conversations with graphics . . . """""""" in int . journal of human - computer studies , 40 , 1994 . nodelman , perry ( 1988 ) . _ words about pictures _ . athens , georgia : university of georgia press . ochs , e . , jacoby , s . , & gonzales , p . ( 1994 ) interpretive journeys : how physicists talk and travel through graphic space . configurations , 2 ( 1 ) , 151-171 . ochs , e . , gonzales , p . , & jacoby , s . ( forthcoming ) . """""""" when i come down i ' m in the domain state """""""" : grammar and graphic representation in the interpretive activity of physicists . in e . a . schegloff , e . ochs , & s . thompson ( eds . ) , grammar and interaction , cambridge university press . again , thanks to all who responded ! j jussi karlgren , fil . lic . jussi . karlgren @ sics . se sw inst of comp sc ( sics ) spr } kteknologi / natural language processing box 1263 , 164 28 kista ph + 46 8 752 15 00 , fax + 46 8 751 72 30 stockholm , sweden http : / / sics . se / ~ jussi / jussi-karlgren . html
  """",0
  1137,""""Subject: * * * correction to hellenistic greek announcement
   
   a couple of days ago i send an fyi on hellenistic greek linguistics resources . if you have not yet sent it out , would you be able to correct the url given from http : / / tartarus . uwa . edu . au / hgrk to : http : / / www . uwa . edu . au / hgrk many thanks . james k . tauber ( jtauber @ tartarus . uwa . edu . au ) 4th year honours student , centre for linguistics university of western australia , wa 6009 , australia
  """",0
  1138,""""Subject: address change / changement d ' adresse
   
   please note that the street address for the department of linguistics at the university of ottawa has changed . the complete address , which you may wish to modify in your lsa directory etc . , is as follows : department of linguistics university of ottawa change - - - ) 200 wilbrod street ottawa , on k1n 6n5 canada all telephone numbers , e-mail addresses and fax numbers were unaffected by the move .
  """",0
  1139,""""Subject: dhumbadji ! , journal for the history of language
   
   good news for all subscribers , the december issue of dhumbadji ! was printed and posted before xmas . overseas subscribers will have to wait for theirs to arrive by sea mail , owing to the cost of producing and posting 100 a4 pages , but it will be worth the wait . thanks to all of you who subscribed in 1994 , we hope that there will be many more of you in 1995 , especially given the untimely death of mother tongue . the editors of dhumbadji ! will naturally be delighted to consider any papers , squibbs , letters or news items relating to the origin and diversification of language . a happpy new year to you all . paul sidwell secretary , association for the history of language po box 117 , la trobe university , australia , 3083 .
  """",0
  1140,""""Subject: sum : progressive with future time reference
   
   content - length : 6465 some time ago i posted a query concerning the possible existence of languages in which the morpheme expressing the notion of """""""" progressive """""""" may be used with future time reference , as in english : - i am leaving tomorrow . the coexistence of progressive and a future time adverbial is the decisive factor . i started from a very scanty piece of knowledge : besides english , i only know of icelandic ( quoted in a paper by karen ebert , that will appear in a volume on tense and aspect ) , and possibly kinyarwanda ( but i need more data concerning this language ) . as i suspected , this feature seems to be very rare . i got only two answers . the first one is from john koontz ( koontz @ alpha . bldr . nist . gov ) . since it is not particularly long , i reproduce it entirely : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the dhegiha branch of mississippi valley siouan all form progressives by pairing the simple verb with a positional auxiliary , and omitting the plural / proximate marker that otherwise occurs in the plural forms and the third person singular proximate . dhatha = i he ate / eats dhatha = i they ate / eat dhathe he ( obv ) ate / eats dhathe = akha he is eating dhathe = ama they are eating the usual reading of the simple form is past / aorist . there are special auxiliary and / or enclitic constructions for habitual . the future is formed with the enclitic = tte , which requires the auxiliary following it . dhathe = tta = akha he will eat dhathe = tta = ama they will eat the future without the auxiliary expresses polite requests , and there is also a form = tta = i = the ( no auxiliary ; basically the evidential of the future ) that has the reading ` shall surely ' . dhathe = tta = i = the he / they shall surely eat note also : dhatha = bi = ama they say that he ate / eats ( not the same ama , i believe ) dhatha = i = the it seems that he ate / eats john koontz = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = answering a further request of clarification , koontz kindly added the following ( the letter b presumably stands for my syrname ) : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ) the dhegiha branch of mississippi valley siouan all form progressives by ) pairing the simple verb with a positional auxiliary , and omitting the ) plural / proximate marker that otherwise occurs in the plural forms and the ) third person singular proximate . ) ) dhatha = i he ate / eats dhatha = i they ate / eat ) dhathe he ( obv ) ate / eats ) ) dhathe = akha he is eating dhathe = ama they are eating b ) why are there two forms : akha and ama ? these auxiliaries are identical to the definite articles , and like them code the shape / posture / motion of the subject . historically there are derived from positional verbs and particles . = akha is the singular / motionless / proximate form = ama is the plural or singular / moving / proximate form other forms are used in the first and second persons , generally derived from the sitting article / auxiliary , e . g . , mi ~ khe ` i the sitting ' , ni ~ khe ` you the sitting ' . the stem is dhi ~ khe ` ( he ) the sitting ' . ) the usual reading of the simple form is past / aorist . there are special ) auxiliary and / or enclitic constructions for habitual . b ) your gloss indicates indicates present meaning , non only past / aorist b ) meaning . a present , non-progressive reading is possible in appropriate contexts . i believe such forms are essentially nomic . ) the future is formed with the enclitic = tte , which requires the auxiliary ) following it . ) ) dhathe = tta = akha he will eat dhathe = tta = ama they will eat b ) does it have progressive and future meaning , or only future ? no trace at all of progressive reading that i have detected . the forms without the auxiliary are limited to those mentioned , i . e . , the future of surity with = the appended , and the future of polite requests , used without further marking , in the second person . ) the future without the auxiliary expresses polite requests , and there is ) also a form = tta = i = the ( no auxiliary ; basically the evidential of the ) future ) that has the reading ` shall surely ' . ) ) dhathe = tta = i = the he / they shall surely eat ) ) note also : ) ) dhatha = bi = ama they say that he ate / eats ( not the same ama , i believe ) ) dhatha = i = the it seems that he ate / eats ) ) john koontz similar patterns occur in all of the dhegiha languages , i . e . , omaha - ponca , osage , kansa ( kaw ) , and quapaw . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the second answer is from lars anders kulbrandstad ( larsanders . kulbrandstad @ hamarlh . no ) . unfortunately , there are some misterious characters , but the content is sufficiently clear . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = there is no fullfledged progressive construction in norwegian , but we have something that still might be of interest to you . dialects in the south-eastern part of the country have a future construction consisting of the auxilliary """""""" bli """""""" ( literally = 3d """""""" get , become """""""" = ) in the present tense + present participle of the main verb . the sentence corresponding to """""""" i will be going to oslo tomorrow """""""" would be """""""" je blir draens ( = 3d """""""" i + get / become + going """""""" ) tel oslo i m = e5r = e5 ! """""""" = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = i hope this may be of some interest to somebody , or maybe stimulate other people to provide further information on this matter . i am still eager to receive new input . thanks to those who responded . best , pm _ - _ _ _ - _ ( ) _ ( ) / ( ( ) ) ( - _ ( ) / _ - _ - ) \ _ _ ( _ - _ - _ ) | | | | ( _ - _ ) / _ _ _ _ pier marco bertinetto / / / / / / / - - - - - - - scuola normale superiore / / / / / / / p . za dei cavalieri 7 - - - - - - - i-56126 pisa / / / / / / / - - - - - - - tel . + + 39 / ( 0 ) 50 / 509111 / / / / / / / fax : + + 39 / ( 0 ) 50 / 563513 - - - - - - - / / / / / / / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nb : alternative email addresses : / bertinet @ sns . it / / bertinetto @ sns . it /
  """",0
  1141,""""Subject: call for papers : linguistics session of the m / mla
   
   call for papers linguistics session - - midwest modern language association , st . louis , missouri , november 2 - 4 , 1995 topic : dialogue in fiction - - applications of theories / approaches from linguistic and cognitive sciences to dialogue in fiction . papers may explain how dialogue in fiction works ( with or without comparison to real conversation ) ; revise existing theories of language use , and perhaps offer new ones , based on analysis of dialogue in fiction ; or interpret texts through dialogue . please send abstracts or papers to : deborah f . rossen - knill , institute for research in cognitive science , 3401 walnut street , suite 4c , philadelphia , pa 19104-6228 . deadline : march 27 , 1995 questions ? contact deborah f . rossen - knill : drossen @ linc . cis . upenn . edu .
  """",0
  1142,""""Subject: call for abstracts
   
   call for abstracts the present - day english language discussion group of the mla will sponsor a session at the 1995 mla gathering in chicago titled : linguistic approaches to the study of technical language & discourse if interested , submit a 250 - word abstract to the following address before march 20 . kim sydow campbell ( kcampbel @ afit . af . mil ) 2710 beal road franklin , oh 45433
  """",0
  1143,""""Subject: call for papers ( rocling )
   
   content - length : 2656 call for papers = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = r . o . c . computational linguistics conference viii ( rocling viii ) august 17-19 , 1995 yuan - ze institue of technology chung - li , taiwan , r . o . c . sponsored by : - - - - - - - - - - - - - computational linguistics society of r . o . c . information technology research center , yuan - ze institute of technology scope : - - - - - - papers are invited on substantial , original , and unpublished research on all aspects of computational linguistics , including , but not limited to the following . - syntax / semantics - large text corpora - phonetics / phonology - electronic dictionaries - parsing / generation - document database - morphology - machine translation - discourse - natural language interface - text processing - dialogue systems - cognitive linguistics - electronic books - language understanding - sgml tools and applications - speech analysis / synthesis - hytime tools and applications - quantitative / qualitative linguistics - dsssl tools and applications - mathematical linguistics - oda tools and applications - contrastive linguistics paper submission : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - four copies of a preliminary version of a full paper ( maximum 25 letter-or a4 - sized pages , double spaced throughout ) in english or chinese should be sent to the following address . the first page of the submitted paper should bear the following information : the title of the paper , the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliations , ( email ) address for correspondence . all these items should be properly centered on top , with a short abstract of the paper following . hsin - hsi chen department of computer science and information engineering national taiwan university taipei , taiwan , r . o . c . email : hh _ chen @ csie . ntu . edu . tw fax : 886 - 2-3628167 important dates : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - preliminary paper submission due : june 15 , 1995 notification of acceptance : july 10 , 1995 camera - ready copy due : july 25 , 1995 conference chairman : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shy - ming ju ( yuan - ze institute of technology ) program committee : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - chair : hsin - hsi chen ( national taiwan university ) members : jyun - sheng chang ( national tsing hua university ) keh - jiann chen ( academia sinica ) tein - yaw chung ( yuan - ze institute of technology ) chu - ren huang ( academia sinica ) shuanfan huang ( national taiwan university ) hsi - jian lee ( national chiao - tung university ) keh - yih su ( national tsing hua university ) hsu wang ( national tsing hua university ) jhing - fa wang ( national cheng kung university ) local arrangement : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - kou - hua lai ( yuan - ze institute of technology )
  """",0
  1144,""""Subject: correction to call for abstracts
   
   the call for abstracts posted earlier gave the deadline for submissions as march , 1994 . please send them this year . the corrected call is as follows : call for abstracts american dialect society , midwest regional meeting submission deadline : march 27 , 1995 , for american dialect society session midwest modern language association november 2 - 4 , 1995 st . louis , mo marriott pavilion hotel abstracts and proposals on any topic welcome . if there is sufficient interest , we will have a session devoted to papers , presentations and discussion on topics related to midland dialect . send to beth lee simon , simon @ cvax . ipfw . indiana . edu cm 109 department of english and linguistics indiana university - purdue university at fort wayne fort wayne , in 46805 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  1145,""""Subject: conf : alasa 95 - second and final call for papers
   
   content - length : 4000 8th international biennial conference of the african languages association of southern africa alasa 95 university of stellenbosch stellenbosch south africa 12 - 14 july 1995 second and final call for papers conference theme : contemporary issues in african linguistics and literature proposals are awaited for oral presentations ( 20 mins plus 10 mins discussion ) reflecting on * african linguistics ( all subdivisions , incl lang planning ) * african literature * language teaching in african languages requirements : an extended summary of the proposal of two ( 2 ) typed pages with enough detail for proper adjudication to be received before or on 5 april 1995 . only a limited number of slots are available on the programme ; selection of papers will be based solely on merit . keynote speakers : prof a kimenyi california state university prof a irele ohio state university dr rrk hartmann dictionary research centre , exeter , uk prof i okpewho binghamton university , ny optional pre-conference seminars : four optional two-day seminars of approximately 12 hours duration each will be held on monday 10 july and tuesday 11 july . the following seminars will be presented : seminar # 1 : topics in african literature seminar # 2 : issues in bantu tonology seminar # 3 : second - language learning and teaching seminar # 4 : compiling dictionaries enrolment procedure for pre-conference seminars and conference activities : enrolment must take place before or on 31 may 1995 . only enrolled ( paid-up ) participants will be allowed to register ( free ) upon arrival . all conference material will be supplied upon registration . enrolment fee : full conference participation ( excluding seminars ) : r200 participation in seminars ( only one allowed ) : r100 accomodation accomodation is available in student residences at r80 per night sharing ( r100 per night single ) inclusive bed and breakfast . accomodation is also available in hotels and guest houses . important dates : 5 april 1995 : proposals due 20 april 1995 : notification of papers accepted or rejected 13 may 1995 : camera-ready abstracts ( shortened versions ) of accepted papers due 31 may 1995 : final date for enrolment for detail information and enrolment forms contact the organizer : alasa 95 dept of african languages university of stellenbosch po box x5018 stellenbosch 7599 south africa tel : ( 0 ) 21-808 2106 fax : ( 0 ) 21-887 6763 e - mail : alasa95 @ maties . sun . ac . za prof justus c roux department of african languages departement afrikatale university of stellenbosch universiteit van stellenbosch stellenbosch 7599 stellenbosch 7599 south africa suid - afrika e - mail / e - pos : jcr @ maties . sun . ac . za tel : ( 021 ) 808 - 2017 fax / faks : ( 021 ) 808 - 4336
  """",0
  1146,""""Subject: conf
   
   the twelfth international conference on historical linguistics january 1995 second circular the abstract selection procedure is now complete . in order to maximise the number of papers , we have decided to run three parallel sessions and to have a poster display . a provisional programme will be issued in the next month together with a final conference booking form . in the meantime , the present circular contains : * an outline timetable of conference events * a list of plenary speakers and titles * preliminary details of the workshops * the social programme * accommodation details * conference costs * travel details conference timetable saturday 12 august rooms will be available in hulme hall . there will be no meal service on this day but there are many restaurants and pubs within 10 minutes walk . it may be possible to book rooms for an extra day or two before the conference - let us know when you book if you think you might need this facility . sunday 13 august registration and reception party a trip to dove cottage ( of wordsworth fame ) has been organised for those who arrive early - see social programme . monday 14 august - thursday 17 august ichl xii conference = 46riday 18 august workshops ( see below ) saturday 19 august trip to haddon hall and chatsworth sunday 20 august delegates may stay on until today if they so wish . again we shall need to know in advance and the booking form will contain a box to tick . plenary speakers barry blake verb affixes from case markers : some australian examples alice harris the mechanism of syntactic change susan herring from nominal to verbal predication in old dravidian : the discourse roots of category change paul kiparsky to be announced anthony kroch the time course of language change aditi lahiri non - linear phonology and the theory of sound change ian roberts markedness , creolization and language change elizabeth traugott the role of the development of discourse markers in a theory of grammaticalization theo vennemann * sprachb = fcnde and language families in prehistoric europe * theo vennemann 's lecture has been arranged in collaboration with the goethe institute of manchester . workshops it is planned to dedicate half a day to each workshop and all workshops will take place on friday , 18 august . more details will be provided with the provisional programme . in the meantime , contact the organizers . jadranka gvozdanovic change in numeral systems alice harris & lyle campbell cross - linguistic evidence for syntactic change : complex sentences ernst hakon jahr & laura wright the influence of the hansa and low german on european languages roger wright & henk aertsen ( to be confirmed ) the lexicon and semantic change social programme details of the social programme are attached . please notify us of your intention of going on any of the trips in good time . accommodation there are no hotels in the immediate vicinity but hulme hall offers the possibility of good on-site accommodation at the following rates : single student room ( with wash basin but without bathroom ) = a321 . 00 per night single student room ( with en-suite shower and toilet ) = a333 . 00 per night twin - bedded room ( with en-suite shower and toilet ) = a349 . 00 per night there are only 70 rooms with en suite shower / toilet available - they will be allocated on the principle of first come first served . all room rates include a full english breakfast and individual tea and coffee making facilities . all prices include vat and service . the following are a selection of manchester hotels that offer discounted rates if booked through the university . the rates are those currently offered . they are unlikely to vary much if at all between now and august , but please confirm the august rate at the time of making your booking . if you opt for hotel accommodation you will be responsible for settling your own account direct with the hotel in the usual way . accommodation in hulme hall is booked and paid for through the conference office . willow bank hotel - 340 wilmslow road , fallowfield , manchester m14 6af . tel . + 44-161 - 224-0461 . 10 minutes by bus ; 20 minutes on foot from hulme hall . mon - thur : single room = a340 . 50 , twin / double = a350 . 50 . fri - sun : single = a325 , twin / double = a333 ( all rooms with en suite facilities and english breakfast ) . dominion hotel - 48-50 whitworth street , manchester , m1 6jd . tel . + 44-161 - 953-1280 . in downtown manchester , about 15 minutes by bus and 30 mins on foot or a = a32 . 50 cab ride one way . single suite = a362 , double = a372 = , includes breakfast . manchester business school - booth street west , manchester , m15 6pb . tel . + 44-161 - 275-6303 . 10 minutes by bus , 20 minutes on foot . standard room = a335 = ; club room = a345 , includes breakfast . meals breakfast will either be in hulme hall or your hotel . lunch is included in the conference package on monday - friday 14-18 august . specialist needs such as vegetarian / vegan can be catered for - please indicate at the time of booking . participants will be free to make their own dinner arrangements . hulme hall is close to an exceptionally fine range of south asian restaurants ; two of the evening receptions are close to downtown manchester and chinatown , both of which offer excellent gastronomic options . a restaurant list will be included in the conference package . conference costs registration fee ( includes ishl subscription , conference programme and book of abstracts ) = a315 . 00 conference fee ( includes tea / coffee and lunch mon - fri and covers room hire and administration costs ) if paid by 1 june 1995 = a375 . 00 if paid after 1 june 1995 = a390 . 00 discounted rate for bona fide students = a345 . 00 if you cannot attend but wish to receive the programme and book of abstracts , you need only pay the registration fee . all those who attend the conference will pay the conference fee plus the registration fee . it is hoped that participants will be able to pay by credit card - details with booking forms . travel manchester can be easily reached via its international airport . many carriers fly direct from all continents and there are frequent shuttle services to major european hubs like heathrow and schiphol . a taxi from the airport to hulme hall costs about = a310 . there are also connecting bus and train services . there is a regular train service to manchester piccadilly from central london ( euston ) . the trip takes about two and a half hours . there are also trains to all other parts of the uk . a taxi from the station to hulme hall costs about = a33 . hulme hall the conference will be held in hulme hall , oxford place , victoria park , manchester m14 5rr . tel . + 44-161 - 224-2862 fax . + 44-161 - 257-3059 . hulme hall offers parking for up to 80 cars ( no extra charge ) and on site squash and tennis courts and a multi-gym ( again no charge ) . childcare if think you will need childcare for ( parts of ) the conference , please let us know as soon as possible and we will try to make arrangements . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ichl1995 department of linguistics university of manchester oxford road manchester m13 9pl uk tel + + 44 + ( 0 ) 161-275 3187 / 3042 fax + + 44 + ( 0 ) 161-275 3187 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  1147,""""Subject: international sign linguistics association
   
   content - length : 5868 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - international sign linguistics association ( isla ) - - - - - membership and subscription * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the international sign linguistics association was founded in 1986 . the aim of the organisation is to encourage and facilitate sign language research throughout the world and to develop international co-operation in the field of sign language studies . linguistic analysis of human sign languages began in earnest in the late 1950s and 1960s . since then it has developed considerably to the extent that original research is now being carried out in a wide range of countries . sign language research has a lot to tell us about the nature of human languages : it may well provide crucial insights into the nature and type of language universals , the processes of language acquisition , the influence of medium on structure and many other topics . sign linguistics is also directly relevant to those within """""""" mainstream """""""" linguistics . those involved in the field of sign linguistics research have benefited considerably through the mutual support and interest of colleagues elsewhere . isla encourages the sharing of ideas , information and research findings . the international sign linguistics association invites you to become a new member in 1995 . to ensure that you receive all of isla 's publications and correspondence on time this year , please act now and send your subscription request to the address at the end of this announcement . to help us in processing your payment , please be sure to return the form at the end of this message with your remittance . in 1995 , your isla membership will bring you : * a subscription to signpost , the friendly face of sign linguistics , isla 's provocative and stimulating quarterly periodical delivered direct to your door . * a subscription to the international review of sign linguistics , bursting with theory , analysis and insight , the year 's essential reading at the cutting edge of the discipline , published by lawrence erlbaum associates . * reduced prices on isla publications including conference and workshop proceedings to keep you up to date with all that 's new in the field . * the right to propose papers for presentation at isla congresses and symposia . * plus all the benefits of the latest information and contacts from the isla network of researchers , teachers and policymakers . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * membership and subscription form please tick as appropriate , and write in capitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( ) individual membership : europe 40 pounds non - europe 45 pounds ( ) institutional membership : 70 pounds ( ) full - time student membership * : 25 pounds ( ) i also wish to make a contribution of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pounds towards scholars applying for """""""" special case """""""" reduced rates . 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  """",0
  1148,""""Subject: chechen
   
   who are the chechen ? johanna nichols university of california , berkeley author 's note : i have been doing linguistic field work on chechen and its close relative ingush for many years . though i am not an ethnographer or historian , i have tried to bring together here some general information about the chechen people and their language in order to increase public awareness of the people and their situation , and to put a human face on a people of great dignity , refinement , and courage who have paid heavily for their resistance to conquest and assimilation . this paper may be copied freely . if you disseminate it electronically or print it out yourself ( which you are welcome to do ) , reformatting ( font , spacing , etc . ) is ok but please do not edit it . johanna @ uclink . berkeley . edu fax : 510 642-6220 phone ( 510 ) 642-2979 introduction . the chechens and their western neighbors the ingush are distinct ethnic groups with distinct languages , but so closely related and so similar that it is convenient to describe them together . the term """""""" chechen """""""" is a russian ethnonym taken from the name of a lowlands chechen village ; """""""" chechnya """""""" is derived from that . ( both words are accented on the last syllable in russian . ) this term evidently entered russian from a turkic language , probably kumyk ( spoken in the northern and eastern caucasian plain ) . the chechens call themselves nokhchi ( singular nokhchuo ) . similarly , """""""" ingush """""""" is not the self-designation but a russian ethnonym based on a village name ; the ingush call themselves ghalghay . demography . 1989 census figures : 956 , 879 chechen ; 237 , 438 ingush . the chechens are the largest north caucasian group and the second largest caucasian group ( after the georgians ) . location , settlement . the chechen and ingush lands lie just to the east of the principal road crossing the central caucasus ( via the darial pass ) , extending from the foothills and plains into alpine highlands . the lowlands enjoy fertile soil , ample rainfall , a long growing season , and a small oilfield . neighbors to the east are the various peoples of daghestan ( many of them speaking languages related to chechen ) ; in the plains to the north , the turkic - speaking kumyk and ( as of the last three centuries ) russians ; to the west the ingush and to their west the ossetians , who speak a language of the iranian branch of indo - european ; to the south ( across the central caucasus range ) the southern ossetians and the georgians . there are two true cities in chechen and ingush territory : grozny ( pop . about 400 , 000 until 1995 ) , the modern chechen capital founded as a russian fort during the russian conquest of the caucasus ; and vladikavkaz ( pop . about 300 , 000 ; known as ordzhonikidze in soviet times ) in the ingush highlands at the ingush - ossetic territorial boundary , also originally a russian military fort and founded to control the darial pass . nazran in the ingush lowlands was traditionally and is now a large and important market town . the cities had substantial russian and other non - chechen - ingush population ; vladikavkaz was mixed ingush and ossetic with significant numbers of russians and georgians . ( groznyj has now been destroyed and mostly depopulated by russian bombing . vladikavkaz and the adjacent ingush lands were ethnically cleansed of ingush in late 1992 . ) all russian governments - - czars , soviets , post - soviet russia - - have used various means to remove chechen and ingush population from economically important areas and to encourage settlement there by russians and russian cossacks ; hence the mixed population of the cities and lowlands . language . the caucasus has been famed since antiquity for the sheer number and diversity of its languages and for the exotic grammatical structures of the language families indigenous there . this diversity testifies to millennia of generally peaceable relations among autonomous ethnic groups . chechen and ingush , together with batsbi or tsova - tush ( a moribund minority language of georgia ) make up the nakh branch of the nakh - daghestanian , or northeast caucasian , language family . there are over 30 languages in the northeast caucasian family , most of them spoken in daghestan just to the east of chechnya . the split of the nakh branch from the rest of the family took place about 5000-6000 years ago ( thus the nakh - daghestanian family is comparable in age to indo - european , the language family ancestral to english , french , russian , greek , hindi , etc . ) , though the split of chechen from ingush probably dates back only to the middle ages . the entire family is indigenous to the caucasus mountains and has no demonstrable relations to any language group either in or out of the caucasus . like most indigenous caucasian languages chechen has a wealth of consonants , including uvular and pharyngeal sounds like those of arabic and glottalized or ejective consonants like those of many native american languages ; and a large vowel system somewhat resembling that of swedish or german . like its sister languages chechen has extensive inflectional morphology including a dozen nominal cases and several gender classes , and forms long and complex sentences by chaining participial clauses together . the case system is ergative , i . e . the subject of a transitive verb appears in an oblique case and the direct object is in the nominative , as is the subject of an intransitive verb ( as in basque ) ; verbs take no person agreement , but some of them agree in gender with the direct object or intransitive subject . 97 % or more of the chechens claim chechen as their first language , though most also speak russian , generally quite fluently . chechen and ingush are so close to each other that with some practice a speaker of one has fair comprehension of the other , and where the two languages are in contact they are used together : a chechen addresses an ingush in chechen , the ingush replies in ingush , and communication proceeds more or less smoothly . chechen was not traditionally a written language . an orthography using the russian alphabet was created in the 1930 's and is used for various kinds of publication , although for most chechens the chief vehicle of literacy is russian . traditionally , as in most north caucasian societies , many individuals were bilingual or multilingual , using an important lowlands language ( e . g . kumyk , spoken in market towns and prestigious as its speakers were early converts to islam ) for inter-ethnic communication ; any literacy was in arabic . russian has now displaced both kumyk and arabic in these functions . particularly if the chechen and ingush economies continue to be destroyed and unemployment and mass homelessness continue to undermine the social structure , there is danger that chechen and ingush will be functionally reduced to household languages and will then yield completely to russian , with concomitant loss of much of the cultural heritage . history . the chechens have evidently been in or near their present territory for some 6000 years and perhaps much longer ; there is fairly seamless archeological continuity for the last 8000 years or more in central daghestan , suggesting that the nakh - daghestanian language family is long indigenous . the caucasian highlands were apparently relatively populous and prosperous in ancient times . from the late middle ages until the 19th century , a worldwide cooling phase known as the little ice age caused glacial advances and shortened growing seasons in the alpine highlands , weakening the highland economies and triggering migrations to the lowlands and abandonment of some alpine villages . this period of economic hardship coincided with the russian conquest of the caucasus which lasted from the late 1500 's to the mid - 1800 's . in all of recorded history and inferable prehistory the chechens ( and for that matter the ingush ) have never undertaken battle except in defense . the russian conquest of the caucasus was difficult and bloody , and the chechens and ingush with their extensive lowlands territory and access to the central pass were prime targets and were among the most tenacious defenders . russia destroyed lowlands villages and deported , exiled , or slaughtered civilian population , forcing capitulation of the highlands . numerous refugees migrated or were deported to various muslim countries of the middle east , and to this day there are chechen populations in jordan and turkey . since then there have been various chechen rebellions against russian and soviet power , as well as resistance to collectivization , anti-religious campaigns , and russification . in 1944 the chechens and ingush , together with the karachay - balkar , crimean tatars , and other nationalities were deported en masse to kazakhstan and siberia , losing at least one-quarter and perhaps half of their population in transit . though """""""" rehabilitated """""""" in 1956 and allowed to return in 1957 , they lost land , economic resources , and civil rights ; since then , under both soviet and post - soviet governments , they have been the objects of ( official and unofficial ) discrimination and discriminatory public discourse . in recent years , russian media have depicted the chechen nation and / or nationality as thugs and bandits responsible for organized crime and street violence in russia . in late 1992 russian tanks and troops , sent to the north caucasus ostensibly as peacekeepers in an ethnic dispute between ingush and ossetians over traditional ingush lands politically incorporated into north ossetia after the 1944 deportation , forcibly removed the ingush population from north ossetia and destroyed the ingush villages there ; there were many deaths and there are now said to be up to 60 , 000 refugees in ingushetia ( about one-quarter of the total ingush population ) . in developments reminiscent of today 's invasion of chechnya , in the weeks leading up to the action the ingush were depicted ( inaccurately ) in regional media as heavily armed and poised for a large-scale and organized attack on ossetians , and the russian military once deployed appears to have undertaken ethnic cleansing at least partly on its own initiative . ( my only sources of information for this paragraph are russian and western news reports . helsinki watch is preparing a report for publication in early 1995 . ) the invasion of chechnya presently underway has meant great human suffering for all residents of the chechen lowlands , including russians , but only the chechens are at risk of ethnic cleansing , wholesale economic ruin , and loss of linguistic and cultural heritage . religion . the chechens and ingush are sunni muslims of the hanafi school , having converted in the late 17th to early 19th centuries . islam is now , as it has been since the conversion , moderate but strongly held and a central component of the culture and the ethnic identity . economy , customs . traditionally , the lowlands chechen were grain farmers and the highlanders raised sheep . at the time of russian contact the lowlands were wealthy and produced a grain surplus , while the highlands were not self-sufficient in food and traded wool and eggs for lowlands grain . chechen social structure and ethnic identity rest on principles of family and clan honor , respect for and deference to one 's elders , hospitality , formal and dignified relations between families and clans , and courteous and formal public and private behavior . kinship and clan structure are patriarchal , but women have full social and professional equality and prospects for financial independence equivalent to those of men . academics , writers , artists , and intellectuals in general are well versed in the cultures of both the european and the islamic worlds , and the society as a whole can be said to regard both of these heritages as their own together with the indigenous north caucasian artistic and intellectual tradition . social organization . until the russian conquest the chechens were an independent nation with their own language and territory but no formal political organization . villages were autonomous , as were clans . villages had mutual defense obligations in times of war , and clans had mutual support relations that linked them into larger clan confederations ( which generally coincided with dialects ) . each clan was headed by a respected elder . there were no social classes and no differences of rank apart from those of age , kinship , and earned social honor . select bibliography anonymous . 1992 . ethnic cleansing comes to russia . the economist , november 28 , 1992 , p . 60 . blanch , lesley . 1960 . the sabres of paradise . new york : viking . comrie , bernard . 1981 . the languages of the soviet union . cambridge : cambridge university press . conquest , robert . 1970 . the nation killers : the soviet deportation of nationalities . london : macmillan . critchlow , james . 1991 . """""""" punished peoples """""""" of the soviet union : the continuing legacy of stalin 's deportations . helsinki watch report . new york - washington : human rights watch . friedrich , paul , and norma diamond , eds . 1994 . encyclopedia of world cultures , vol . vi : russia and eurasia / china . boston : g . k . hall & co . gamkrelidze , t . v . , and t . e . gudava . [ various dates . ] caucasian languages . encyclopedia britannica ( e . g . in 1979 edition , macropedia , vol . 3 , pp . 1011-15 ; in 1992 edition , vol . 22 , pp . 736-40 , under ' languages of the world ' ) . nekrich , aleksandr m . 1978 . the punished peoples . new york : norton . nichols , johanna . 1994 . chechen . ingush . in rieks smeets , ed . , the indigenous languages of the caucasus , vol . 4 : northeast caucasian languages , pp . 1-77 ( chechen ) , 79-145 ( ingush ) . delmar , ny : caravan books . wixman , ronald . 1980 . language aspects of ethnic pattern and processes in the north caucasus . ( university of chicago department of geography research paper no . 191 . ) chicago : university of chicago press .
  """",0
  1149,""""Subject: foreign language in commercials
   
   content - length : 1937 greetings ! i ' m wondering if someone out there can identify the languages used in two recent ibm commercials . they have out a series of three ads with people in different countries talking about ibm equipment and services . one ad has two old gentlemen walking along what looks like the seine , speaking french . a second ad has two men sitting in what is apparently a middle eastern marketplace , and a third ad has nuns discussing ibm equipment on their way to mass . i assume the men are speaking arabic ( though i would be grateful to have that confirmed ) , but i have no idea what the nuns are speaking . anyone know ? i would also like to take this opportunity to thank all those who responded to my questions early last year about some french , italian and swedish expressions in some print ads . i meant to send individual thanks , but i lost the file in which i had the respondents ! please forgive me , and accept this general acknowledgment instead . if any of you who did respond would like to know more about what we did with your input , i would be glad to send you more information ( even the paper we wrote , if you want ) . thanks very much , mary ellen renryder @ idbsu . idbsu . edu
  """",0
  1150,""""Subject: lists on comparative literature
   
   content - length : 616 i . m new at this list . i work at the university of coimbra and my special field is german linguistics . a friend of mine would like to know if there are any lists dealing with comparative literature . if you know something about this , please reply . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * adelaide chichorro ferreira * * grupo de estudos germanisticos * * faculdade de letras * * universidade de coimbra * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  1151,""""Subject: stress bibliography
   
   content - length : 1407 we are preparing a bibliography on word-level stress / accent . we are looking for ways and sources to update and correct our current file , which contains 1000 + entries . does anybody know of electronic bibliographies that are available in this field or would anyone share their own bibliographies with us ? we are currently tagging the entries for subject and language , to make searches possible . suggestions as to strategies of tagging would also be welcome . we intend to make the bibliography generally available , and will post an announcement when applicable . jeroen van de weijer and harry van der hulst please respond to vdweijer @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl
  """",0
  1152,""""Subject: sum : object affixes
   
   dear linguists the time has come for me to post a summary based on replies to a query i posted a few weeks ago . this summary is rather long , and has the following structure : 1 ) the original query 2 ) acknowledgement of respondents 3 ) discussion of a few languages 4 ) general discussion 5 ) refs 6 ) outline of relevant details of roviana 7 ) summary 1 ) the query ) i am studying roviana , a western oceanic lg . there are pronominal object ) suffixes which occur on the verb indexing person , number etc . however , ) there are no affixes on the verb which would correspond to 's ubject ' ) ( however we might construe the concept ) . dixon ( 1994 ) claims that there ) are no lgs with object affixes but which lack subject affixes . does ) anybody else know of any other counter-examples ? 2 ) acknowledgements . my thanks to the following people ( listed in no particular order ) for their responses ( and my apologies if i have left anyone out ) : matthew dryer , karen wallace , mark campana , eloise jelinek , leo connolly , geoffrey nathan , johannes heinecke , malcolm ross , mark mandel , jaejung song . first , a point of clarification . by western oceanic i mean a branch of eastern austronesian . some of the replies seemed to indicate that people interpreted it to mean western austronesian . ( not that it is really important ) . some people replied with examples of languages with object affixes , whether or not the languages in question also had affixes indicating other grammatical relations . matthew dryer replied with the following list of languages which have object affixes but no subject affixes ( taken from an a database mentioned by him in language 1992 ) : africa : central khoisan ( nama ) , ijoid ( kolokuma ijo ) , gur ( bimoba ) , east chadic ( kera ) , biu-mandara ( margi , mbara ) , west chadic ( ngizim ) . eurasia : nax ( ingush ) , avaro-andi - dido ( avar ) , lezgic ( archi ) , munda ( mundari ) . se asia oceania : nicobarese ( car nicobarese ) , central-eastern malayo-polynesian ( kiribatese , ponapean , woleaian ) . north america : pimic ( papago ) . south america : warao , maipurean ( palikur ) . i have not been able to follow up on all of these refs . i have however , looked at the micronesian languages . 3 ) discussion of a few languages sohn ( 1975 ) re woleaian : object suffixes , but no affixes corresponding to any other grammatical relation . 3sg has three forms : zero and - y / - w . it seems that verbs fall in to two classes , with zero being added to verbs in one class ( many of whose members appear to have a tr suffix ) and - y / - w to members of the other class ( the choice in forms being phonologically conditioned ) . interestingly , 3pl distinguishes animate vs inanimate , whereas all other persons and numbers do not . these affixes can occur with or without an overt independent object np . these affixes occur on certain post-verbal advbs , suggesting that they might in fact be clitics . zewen ( 1977 ) re marshallese . pronominal objects immediately follow the verb . 3sg and 3pl are enclitics and undergo vowel harmony . these enclitics can co-occur with lexical np object . ' subject ' prons are all independent . groves , groves and jacobs ( 1985 ) re kiribatese . it seems from their description that the language has object suffixes but no other affixes indicating grammatical relations . however , there are things which could perhaps be analyzed as subject prefixes ( p1 08 ) . exactly which object suffixes get attached ( out of 11 classes ) seems to be lexically determined . 4 ) general discussion it would appear that there are no cross-linguistic studies of object affixes per se . some respondents questioned whether the object suffixes in roviana are really suffixes and not just clitics . they are suffixes , but even if they were n't the focus of my interest would be the same . i am focussing on two facts about roviana : ( a ) the case marking on np 's is on an ergative-absolutive basis , but the only grammatical relation indicated by verbal affixes is object . ( b ) of the object affixes , only 3pl has zero form . being functionally inclined , i am interested in finding a motivation for ( b ) . it is not simply a case of referentiality ( see the brief sketch below ) . 5 ) refs ( with diacritics mangled by the internet ) corston , simon h . 1993 . ergativity in roviana . ma thesis : auckland university , new zealand . ( to appear in the pacific linguistics series ) . groves , terab ' ata r , groves , gordon w . and jacobs , roderick . 1985 . kiribatese : an outline description . pacific linguistics , series d , no . 64 . anu printing service : anu . sohn , ho - min with the assistance of tawerilmang , anthony f . 1975 . woleian reference grammar . pacific and asian languages institute : micronesia . honoloulu : university press of hawaii . zewen , francois - xavier n . 1977 . the marshallese language : a study of its phonology , morphology and syntax . veroffentlichungen des seminars fur indonesische und sudseesprachen der universitat hamburg , band 10 . berlin : verlag . 6 ) outline of relevant details of roviana the following is a brief description of roviana based on my own field work ( corston 1993 ) . case marking on np 's is split ergative , in a typologically unusual way : absolutive is marked ( si / se ) , ergative is unmarked . pronouns , proper np 's and enumerated np 's in main clauses distinguish erg vs abs by means of special particles . all other np 's are neutral ( ie do not formally distinguish a / s / o ) . as well as using special particles , prons distinguish erg vs abs in the form of the pron . a , s and o are always specific . person object suffix 1sg - u , - au 2sg - xo 3sg - a 1pl . incl - xita 1pl . excl - xami 2pl - xamu 3pl - 0 ( zero ) these affixes are similar to or the same as various indep pronouns , e . g . compare rau 1sg xoi 2sg xita 1pl . incl xami 1pl . excl xamu 2pl but , asa 3sg abs or sa 3sg erg sarini 3pl abs or ri 3pl erg ( there is quite a story to sarini historically , see the ma ) if there is a do np , you get the affixes e . g . meke doxor-i - a ri si keke ixana and see - tr-3sg . do they abs one fish ( erg ) ' and they saw a fish . ' ( animals , 034 ) ( the paper i am writing now clarifies why i only put erg in parentheses - it is really unmarked , and you have to infer in this context that the pron = erg because there is no particle ) kote arina tie mae magu-i - 0 sarini fut pl man come carve - tr-3pl . do 3pl . abs ' the men will come and carve them up . ' ( feast , 016 ) ( them = pigs in a feast ) nb , here the do is the pron sarini . however , you can get the affixes even if there is no overt do np , suggesting that they have independent reference , e . g . ai lul-i - u mo intj follow - tr-1sg . do dt ' hey ! follow me . ' ( animals , 011 ) and the following longer example . e saimone sa tie he-hegere hoirana . pers simon def man dup - laugh there ' that 's simon , the man who 's laughing over there . ' avos-i - a xoi ? hear - tr-3sg . do you ( erg ) ' do you hear him ? ' ( day , 029-030 ) note that the suffixes do not ' index ' absolutive etc , only o . ( see ma ) roviana has case marked and quantified np 's . case ( erg , abs , obl , etc ) is indicated by articles before the np . quantifiers ( numbers , 's ome ' , ' all ' etc ) precede the head n . non - specific undergoers obligatorily occur in a backgrounded object construction . compare the following two examples . raro talo si gami cook taro abs 1pl . excl ' we cooked taro ' / ' we did some taro cooking ' it is difficult to say if ' talo ' is ' incorporated ' since there are no other indep elements assoc with the verb which ever come after . note that the backgrounded constr is intr , with no transitive marking , and with the actor as s . compare to the ' usual ' order vao raro-a gami sa talo cook - 3sg . do 1pl . excl def taro ' we cooked the taro . ' undergoers which are pragmatically backgrounded can also occur in the backgrounded object construction , irrespective of whether they are referential or not . 7 ) summary * languages with object affixes but which lack affixes indicating other grammatical relations do occur , but would appear to be uncommon . * i feel that having 3pl as the only zero form is unusual , but am unable to find a cross-linguistic study to bear this out . even so , the zero form requires a functional explanation ( cf du bois , john w . 1987 ' absolutive zero : paradigm adaptivity in sacapultec maya ' , lingua 71 : 203-222 ) . again , my thanks to those who replied . ps i should have a draft of my paper ' featuredness and core arguments in roviana ' available shortly . simon corston corston @ humanitas . ucsb . edu
  """",0
  1153,""""Subject: summary of q : articles
   
   two weeks ago i posted the following query : ) a system of articles is an innovative feature of a number of languages . are ) there any examples of languages that have lost their articles ? i would also ) be interested in creoles , especially , say , if both ( all ) source languages ) had articles , but the pidgin / creole turned out lacking them . thanks to the following for responding : lars borin david gohre john e . koontz jeff marck deborah d . kela ruuskanen achim stenzel shigenori wakabayashi dave wharton of the 8 replies , only one was an actual response to my query . lars borin ( lars . borin @ ling . uu . se ) pointed out that ) finnish romani is a language which has lost its articles completely . the ) loss is almost certainly due to finnish influence , as are many other ) traits of modern finnish romani morphology and syntax . moreover , as ( colloquial ) finnish may seem to developing an article system using the demonstrative * se * ' that ' ( def . ) and the numeral * yksi * ' one ' ( indef . ) , it is interesting to note that lars has ) noticed in finnish romani texts that there are forms of the demonstrative ) pronouns 'd auva ' ( this ) and 'd ouva ' ( that ) , which are ) ( a ) reduced phonologically and indeclinable ( reduced versions of the ) nominative plural ) ; the forms are : 'd ala ' and 'd ola ' ( while the ) nominative plurals of 'd auva / douva ' are written 'd aala / doola ' ) ) ( b ) used much as spoken finnish 's e ' , i . e . perhaps representing the first ) ( or maybe second [ . . . ] ) stage in a development from demonstrative to ) preposed definite article . importantly , the definite articles used to be ' o ' ( sg masculine ) , ' i ' ( sg feminine ) , and ' e ' ( plural , both genders ) , hence nothing like the demonstrative pronouns . now , let me elaborate somewhat on my reason for inquiring into this matter . disregarding massive language contact ( i . e . """""""" hey , this is the way we say things around here , and you 'd better start doing so too ! """""""" ) and / or creolization ( i . e . """""""" ok guys , let 's start all over again . we ' ll begin with lexical categories , then . . . """""""" ) : if it were the case that there is a universal tendency that languages acquire articles , but do not loose them , then why should this be so ? if we take a configurational approach to noun phrase interpretation , we could say that articles , and hence their semantics , are associated with a noun phrase internal functional projection in much the same way as some linguists would assume an association between tense ( and other verbal inflections ) and a clausal functional projection . ( in essence , i ' m talking about some kind of a dp - analysis . ) since possible noun phrase interpretations differ minimally across languages ( i guess ) , we would then assume that in languages without articles , the functional projection associated with the semantic properties in question would have phonetically empty heads . the possible tendency of acquiring articles could then be explained as a strive to fill this / these head / s with overt elements . unfortunately , i cannot say that i so far have any reason to be convinced about this line of reasoning , but i can't see any obvious reason to give it up either . however , i am ready to be butchered . i should probably read the following references provided by john e . koontz ( koontz @ alpha . bldr . nist . gov ) ) greenberg , joseph h . 1978 . how does a language acquire gender markers ? pp . ) 47-82 . in : universals of human language , vol . 4 , ed . jos . h . greenberg , ) et al . stanford , ca : stanford university press . ) discusses evolution of gender marking from articles and articles from ) demonstratives . see also : ) greenberg , joseph h . 1981 . nilo - saharan moveable-k as a stage iii article ) ( with a penutian typological parallel ) . journal of african languages and ) linguistics 3 : 105-112 . those interested in definiteness , especially with respect to english and finnish , should consult the following work provided by deborah d . kela ruuskanen ( druuskan @ cc . helsinki . fi ) . ) chesterman , a . ( 1991 ) on definiteness : a study with special reference to ) english and finnish . cambridge studies in linguistics 56 , cambridge ) university press . it 's worth reading - i ' ve done it . 0ystein alexander vangsnes university of iceland - university of bergen oystein @ rhi . hi . is vangsnes @ foli . uib . no
  """",0
  1154,""""Subject: sum : risk
   
   content - length : 15606 i was surprised to receive so many replies on my comments about """""""" risk """""""" . so far they include : alison huettner bart mathias john r . lee scott delancey deborah milam berkley tim beasley eric pederson claudia brugman martha o'kennon andrew carstairs - mccarthy sandi michele de oliveira ( trying to get sick = about to get sick ) debra r west balsa stipcevic i decided to post a summary for several reasons : 1 ) my comments made some respondents sufficiently insecure to wonder what other respondents thought . 2 ) i did n't want anyone to get the idea that my comments might represent an authoritative or majority opinion . 3 ) although i usually try to respond individually to everyone , i get tired thinking of different ways to say the same thing . overwhelmingly , but not unanimously , the respondents disagreed with me . alison huettner represents the majority response : """""""" funny , i have the opposite take on """""""" risk """""""" - - to me """""""" he risked losing the game """""""" sounds fine and """""""" he risked winning the game """""""" takes a little more processing . """""""" unusual was agreement , such as represented by tim beasley """""""" both sound good to me . the first paraphrases """""""" he ran / stood the risk of losing the game """""""" , """""""" he placed himself in risk of losing the game . """""""" the second , """""""" he placed in jeopardy . at risk . his winning of the game . """""""" as implied above , both sides of the atlantic want to disown me , e . g . , from bart mathias of california : """""""" no thoughts , but i thought i 'd report that i expected to see a . uk or . au or something in your address when i checked it after reading your message . i for one ( born and raised in california ) find """""""" risk winning , """""""" at least at the moment , causes a double-take reaction . to me it is equivalent to """""""" be in / put oneself in danger of . """""""" however , from john r . lee at an edinburgh address : """""""" this is interesting . i was very surprised to see """""""" he risked winning the game """""""" ! perhaps as a british english speaker ( ? ) , to risk losing the game seems a much more natural concept . """""""" larger context makes me think john considers himself , not me , to be the british speaker . in any case , andrew carstairs - mccarthy of new zealand made a similar comment . back on the american side , scott delancey agrees with the majority and adds some interesting grammatical comments : """""""" this seems * really * strange to me . my reactions are exactly the opposite of yours . a clausal complement of _ risk _ is * always * a negative and undesirable result . i can't even interpret _ he risked winning the game _ , except in some strained context in which winning would n't be a good thing . """""""" _ risk _ can have a positive np complement - - _ he risked his fortune _ is perfectly ok - - but not a clausal one , i . e . this could be expanded to _ he risked losing his fortune _ , but ? ? _ he risked winning a fortune _ is impossible for me . """""""" eric pederson and claudia brugman informed me that chuck fillmore has written a paper on """""""" risk """""""" . claudia writes : """""""" [ by ] sue atkins and charles fillmore which i do n't know whether they ' ve published ( or indeed finished ) yet , but they talk about these two meanings of the word in terms of the selection as complements of different aspects of the conceptual / semantic frame : one is where the desired outcome is selected , the other is where the """""""" collateral """""""" is selected . """""""" i have n't seen the paper yet , but it was comforting to the extent that it seems to take cognizance of my impression . however , i suspect that the """""""" collateral """""""" means a simple np expressing the desirable object , as scott allows , and not a clausal complement . thus some replies suggested that """""""" he risked his life """""""" would have to be expanded into """""""" he risked * losing * his life """""""" . i have to admit that that sounds better to me than """""""" he risked * keeping * ( ? ) his life """""""" . nevertheless , my theory is that in my rush to learn english i made the following logical leap . """""""" to risk your life """""""" is to risk something good , so you should risk """""""" winning t he game """""""" , not """""""" losing the game """""""" . risking fines , death , imprisonment and cancer were later experiences for me . i ' m quite sure """""""" risking life """""""" was the first ex pression i heard . by the way , i ' m not at all sure that i differ from others on our favorite gallicism of """""""" running the risk of / that [ something bad happening / will happen . """""""" , so that 's a different expression . i kinda doubt that genuine dialect differences are respo nsible for differences in """""""" risk """""""" - - only idiosyncratic differences in generalisations , some of which survive contradictory data learned later - - an interesting point that has been made before in language acquisition theory . among the interesting comments i received which suggest to me that relatively discrete semantic splits may result from such processes , and even become genuine dialect features is sandi michele de oliveira 's observation that in south texas the expression """""""" trying to get sick """""""" can be used for """""""" about to get sick """""""" . i wonder if """""""" trying to rain """""""" could mean """""""" threatening to rain """""""" in such dialects . of possibly different origin is the ambivalent serbo - croatian verb """""""" sumnjati """""""" ( = """""""" to doubt """""""" or """""""" to suspect """""""" ) . balsa stipcevic indicated that : """""""" sumnjam da je on to uradio . """""""" can have two meanings : 1 ) """""""" i suspect that he did it . """""""" 2 ) """""""" i doubt that he did it . """""""" here i suppose that the verb might have started off neutral to the belief status of its sentential complement , but it remains interesting that there is such a glaring pragmatic ambiguity in what a speaker might be implying . maybe english """""""" wonder """""""" is similar . """""""" i wonder if he did it """""""" . if he says he did , then the sentence would seem to suggest that i doubt it , but if he says he did n't , it would seem to mean that i doubt that . i ' m not gonna torture myself trying to figure out whether the same context - ualisation differences work for """""""" i wonder if he didn ' t do it """""""" , but maybe someone / body else wants to give it a shot . i wrote back to balsa that i hoped his comment on this verb is more generally agreed upon by serbo - croatian speakers than my comment on """""""" risk """""""" . - - benji
  """",0
  1155,""""Subject: re : 6 . 185 ipa
   
   re hachek : the introduction of diacritics into czech has traditionally been attributed to jan hus , the 15th century religious reformer and martyr ( died in 1415 ) . before hus , the respective czech sounds were spelled as digraphs . alexandr rosen , charles university , prague
  """",0
  1156,""""Subject: ipa vs americanist symbols
   
   i am at last drawn to reply to the debate on ipa versus ' americanist ' traditions in phonetic transcription . i was , frankly , somewhat surprised by the tone of the original submission , suggesting that the ipa 's refusal to use hachek / wedge symbols for palatoalveolars was an example of racism ( both anti - americanism and anti-slavicism , and no doubt anti - diacriticism ) . now we learn that the ipa itself is an anti-democratic conspiracy , and we need a new campaign led by american organisations to make phonetic transcription 's afe for democracy , apple pie , and the american way ' ! ? a couple of points need to made in this regard , i think . first , it is not true that the ipa is not used in north america . what we have here is maybe not euro - centrism , but phonology / dialectology centrism ! clinical phoneticians and speech pathologists in north american nearly always use the ipa ( yes : long esses / zees , jods , and the cardinal vowel system , and all ! ) indeed , some departments of linguistics / phonetics operate within the ipa tradition ( e . g . university of victoria bc ) . on the other hand , virtually all phonologists on this side of the atlantic use the so-called americanist symbols . the divide , therefore , is not as has been portrayed . if phonologists tend to use one set of symbols , and phoneticians another , is that really such a problem , as often they are concerned with different levels of description anyway ? even if phoneticians cannot agree , is this also such a problem ? can raising the fears of racial discrimination and undemocratic conspiracies really be justified over relatively trivial distinctions in symbols that anyone trained in the area knows about anyway ? the second point concerns the debate on the symbols themselves . as i have just noted , the difference between certain symbols is surely not a fundamentally important one ; but i would like to speak in defence of the ipa non-hachek versions . leaving aside the fact that these symbols do have a long history , i ( do ) feel that a unit symbol is preferably than a composite one . ( unlike the original posting , it always seemed obvious to me that the hachek symbols were s / z etc plus a diacritic ) . granted that the ipa is not always consistent on this point , a unitary symbol approach avoids confusions as to the nature of the s - s distinction . one may have to counter students ' feelings that [ s ] is really only a type of [ s ] which is reinforced by the spelling ; it does n't help if the symbol looks also like a 's ort of s ' . we might also look at the difference with [ j ] versus [ y ] for the palatal approximant . on the surface , this looks fine , as the [ y ] spelling is familiar ( but surely anglocentric , and not in line with slavic / germanic etc usage ? ) . however , this choice then leaves us with a problem for a high front rounded vowel . if we can't use [ y ] then we must resort to [ u """""""" ] . the diacritic [ """""""" ] , however , is also commonly used in many traditions to stand for centralized . this transcription also suggests that [ u """""""" ] is a variety of [ u ] , and that [ o """""""" ] is a variety of [ o ] etc . the use of independent symbols leaves open the relationship between lip-rounding and tongue position , which the 'd iaresis ' versions do not . however phonetic transcription develops in the future , let 's avoid throwing around accusations at other users or bodies . utopian schemes of universal orthodoxy in this area are surely unneccessary if not unsound . to be realistic , most ipa users ( wherever they ' re based ) are unlikely to surrender over a century 's worth of patterns of usage , and non - ipa users will be equally keen to keep to their symbolizations . let 's learn to live with this , and spend instead time on refining transcription systems ( e . g . for the transcription of atypical speech found in speech pathology clinics ) . perhaps , vive la difference is the motto to aspire to ! martin j . ball university of ulster
  """",0
  1157,""""Subject: re : 6 . 199 ipa
   
   it would be nice to have true democracy when trying to reach agreement on how to use phonetic symbols , as stemburger has suggested . just as war is too important a matter to be left to the generals , so choosing a standardized set of symbols should n't be left to the phoneticians . the international phonetic association has always recognized this . it is fully conscious of the fact that ipa symbols are used by a wide variety of people . at the 1989 kiel convention , which was the first major revision for almost 50 years , there was a great deal of discussion about remembering our ' customers ' , as one phonetician put it . and ( despite comments to the contrary by participants in this discussion ) the only changes since then have been small changes that affect comparatively few users of the alphabet , largely because of the belief that it is important for the alphabet to remain as stable as possible . if stemburger would like to organize some kind of referendum , good luck to him . i note that he suggests the lsa as the appropriate body for the u . s . , although he also mentions ashla ( american speech hearing and language association ) as an interested group that has officially adopted the ipa . their membership is much larger than the lsa . the asa ( acoustical society of america ) is another group that has many members interested in phonetic symbols . the1989 ipa kiel convention was open to all , and did include members of all the organizations mentioned by stemburger , including lsa , ashla , asa , sil and others , none of the participants , of course , speaking officially for any of these organizations . the convention was also publicized in a paper in language , the only paper that morris halle and i have ever co-authored . i really do not see how we can get more international collaboration . agreeing on symbols is as difficult as getting everyone to use the same units for measuring weights and distances . in response to my previous suggestion that people interested in choices of phonetic symbols should join the international phonetic association , i have received inquiries as to how to do this . there is a form in the journal of the international phonetic association ( which members receive - - and your university library + should + take ) . but really all you need to do is to send your name and address , plus a check for $ 25 or # 13 sterling ( or request to charge access / mastercharge / visa / eurocard ) for the annual dues to : secretariat , ipa linguistics and phonetics univeristy of leeds leeds , ls2 9jt , u . k . peter ladefoged
  """",0
  1158,""""Subject: re : 6 . 217 sum : multimodal references
   
   some more references on multimodal references : 1 . there 's rohini srihari 's piction project : on the web , see url : http : / / www . cedar . buffalo . edu / piction / also see : govindaraju , venu ; sher , david b . ; srihari , rohini k . ; & srihari , sargur n . ( 1989 ) , ` ` locating human faces in newspaper photographs , ' ' _ proceedings of cvpr _ : 549 - - 554 . govindaraju , venu , & srihari , rohini k . ( 1990 ) , ` ` recognizing faces in a news photo database , ' ' _ advanced imaging _ 5 : 22 - - 26 . srihari , rohini k . ( 1991a ) , ` ` piction : a system that uses captions to label human faces in newspaper photographs , ' ' _ proceedings of the 9th national conference on artificial intelligence ( aaai-91 , anaheim ) _ ( aaai press ) : 80 - - 85 . rohini k . srihari ( 1991b ) , ` ` extracting visual information from text : using captions to label faces in newspaper photographs , ' ' _ technical report 91-17 ( buffalo : suny buffalo department of computer science _ . srihari , rohini k . ( 1993a ) , ` ` intelligent document understanding : understanding photos with captions , ' ' _ proceedings of the international conference on document analysis and recognition ( icdar-93 , tsukuba city , japan ) _ , srihari , rohini k . ( 1993b ) , ` ` use of collateral text in understanding photos in documents , ' ' _ proceedings of the conference on applied imagery and pattern recognition ( aipr / spie , washington , dc ) _ , srihari , rohini k . , & rapaport , william j . ( 1989 ) , ` ` extracting visual information from text : using captions to label human faces in newspaper photographs , ' ' _ proceedings of the 11th annual conference of the cognitive science society ( ann arbor , mi ) _ ( hillsdale , nj : lawrence erlbaum associates ) : 364-371 . srihari , rohini k . , & rapaport , william j . ( 1990 ) , ` ` combining linguistic and pictorial information : using captions to interpret newspaper photographs , ' ' in d . kumar ( ed . ) , _ current trends in sneps - - semantic network processing system _ , _ lecture notes in artificial intelligence , no . 437 _ ( berlin : springer - verlag ) : 85-96 . 2 . on multimodal interfaces , see : author = """""""" neal , j . g . and bettinger , k . e . and byoun , j . s . and dobes , z . and thielman , c . y . """""""" , year = 1988 , title = """""""" an intelligent multi - media human - computer dialogue system """""""" , booktitle = """""""" proceedings of the workshop on space , operations , automation , and robotics , ( soar88 ) """""""" , publisher = """""""" wright state university , dayton , oh """""""" author = """""""" neal , j . g . and dobes , z . and bettinger , k . e . and byoun , j . s . """""""" , year = 1988 , title = """""""" media - modual references in human - computer dialogue """""""" , booktitle = """""""" proceedings of the seventh national conference of the american association for artificial intelligence """""""" , publisher = """""""" morgan kaufmann """""""" , pages = """""""" 819-823 """""""" author = """""""" neal , j . g . and thielman , c . y . and funke , d . j . and byoun , j . s . """""""" , year = 1989 , title = """""""" multi - modal output composition for human - computer dialogues """""""" , booktitle = """""""" proceedings of the 1989 ieee ai systems in government conference """""""" , address = """""""" george washington univ . , wash . d . c . """""""" , publisher = """""""" ieee """""""" , pages = """""""" 250-257 """""""" } author = """""""" neal , j . g . and thielman , c . y . and dobes , z . and haller , s . m . and shapiro , s . c . """""""" , year = 1989 , title = """""""" natural language with integrated deictic and graphic gestures """""""" , booktitle = """""""" proceedings of the darpa speech and natural language workshop """""""" , publisher = """""""" morgan kaufmann """""""" , author = """""""" neal , j . g . and thielman , c . y . and dobes , z . and haller , s . m . and glanowski , s . and shapiro , s . c . """""""" , year = 1989 , title = """""""" { cubricon } : a multi - modal user interface . { p } resented at the { gis / lis } ' 89 { c } onference """""""" , address = """""""" orlando , florida """""""" , author = """""""" jeannette g . neal and stuart c . shapiro """""""" , year = 1991 , title = """""""" intelligent multi - media interface technology """""""" , booktitle = """""""" intelligent user interfaces """""""" , editor = """""""" joseph w . sullivan and sherman w . tyler """""""" , publisher = """""""" addison wesley """""""" , address = """""""" reading , ma """""""" , pages = """""""" 11-43 """""""" } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = william j . rapaport associate professor of computer science adjunct professor of philosophy and center for cognitive science 226 bell hall | phone : ( 716 ) 645-3180 x 112 department of computer science | fax : ( 716 ) 645-3464 suny buffalo | email : rapaport @ cs . buffalo . edu buffalo , ny 14260 | web : http : / / www . cs . buffalo . edu
  """",0
  1159,""""Subject: language teaching lists
   
   hi , an acquaintance of mine who is on the net , but not on the list would like to know whether there is a list that discusses foreign language teaching ( like didactic hints , textbooks , classroom materials , jobs . . - much like linguist ) . if there is , send the relevant info to : birgit roller bowling green state university e-mail : birgitr @ bgnet . bgsu . edu thanks achim stenzel
  """",0
  1160,""""Subject: request for information on soundex . . .
   
   do you know of any written description of soundex code and its rules ? i ' m writing a software program to help my wife decode surnames in her genealogical research . the only description i ' ve located to date is a summary leaving lots of unanswered questions . please respond to my internet address , charlie @ dragonsys . com , as i do n't have ready access to linquist . thanks .
  """",0
  1161,""""Subject: metathesis
   
   content - length : 1125 please post the following message : beth hume and i are compiling a survey of metathesis effects . we would be thankful to anyone who can send us information on the topic . please include the name of the language , a brief description of the phenomena , and references ( if available ) . respond to the following address : fparkins @ ling . ohio-state . edu thanks , frederick parkinson
  """",0
  1162,""""Subject: latvian language policy
   
   i have found the topic of """""""" linguistic human rights violations """""""" particularly interesting , but i am a little confused as to what constitutes such a violation . marc picard writes , """""""" personally , i would hope that latvians would take any measures they deem necessary to get everybody in their country to speak their language . """""""" if someone were to issue such a statement about the language situation in the united states ( particularly with regards to native speakers of spanish who are residents / citizens of the us ) , i am sure that some group would throw up its arms in protest of the oppression of this segment of the population . is this what is meant by a """""""" linguistic human rights violation """""""" ? is it something more severe ? or are we looking at other countries and applying different standards than those which we apply in the united states ? mark mitton carleton college northfield , mn 55057 mittonm @ carleton . edu
  """",0
  1163,""""Subject: - 0500 ( est )
   
   the intensity of recent postings on language policy left me a little worried . do these people ( i won't mention names ) also support an english - only policy for the us ? i certainly hope not . my home language is spanish , and i * would * consider it a violation of my linguistic human rights to be forced to use english in situations where doing so is required by nothing more than the law . micheal w . palmer mellon research fellow department of linguistics university of north carolina at chapel hill
  """",0
  1164,""""Subject: re : 6 . 192 latvia 's language policy
   
   what about giving martin the benefit of the doubt and assume that """""""" russian - speaking estonians """""""" is a slip of the keyboard for """""""" russian - speaking latvians """""""" ? hartmut haberland
  """",0
  1165,""""Subject: dick armey 's slip and correction
   
   i was curious if anyone was actually interested in verifying whether armey 's slip was actually a slip . but since someone has asked what the time delay between the utterance of """""""" barney fag """""""" and his correction : having heard a replay , i would say the delay was less than a second . imo , the utterance was definitely a slip and not a slur . other factors would support this conclusion , apart from the delay , phonology , etc . , primary among them the fact that armey is n't stupid . he 's a ph . d . in economics , and has the political savvy to get himself elected majority whip . only the politically ( or linguistically ) tendentious would be likely to assert that someone of his political skills would think it to his advantage to make such an utterance . what a shame it was to see members of this list anxious to use their professional skills ( or to abuse them ) in order to make a political point . two weeks into this discussion and only now does anyone actually inquire into the data . it makes one wonder how much linguistic research is driven by other agendas , and what the quality of that research is . . . dave wharton
  """",0
  1166,""""Subject: re : 6 . 189 innateness / language & species
   
   for those interested in the language and species discussion , i should mention that i am teaching an undergraduate seminar this quarter on the very topic ( called apes and language - - covering """""""" what is ( human ) language ? """""""" """""""" what is american sign language ? """""""" and """""""" what is it that the trained apes can do ? """""""" but not the evolutionary aspects . ) if anyone would like to see a copy of the syllabus and readings , i would be glad to send one to you . rachel lagunoff ucla
  """",0
  1167,""""Subject: re : 6 . 221 sum : progressive with future time reference
   
   at 07 : 39 pm 2 / 15 / 95 - 0600 , the linguist list wrote : ) date : wed , 15 feb 1995 19 : 07 : 00 - 0400 ) from : bertinet @ sns . it ( bertinetto ) ) subject : sum : progressive with future time reference ) ) some time ago i posted a query concerning the possible existence of ) languages in which the morpheme expressing the notion of """""""" progressive """""""" may ) be used with future time reference , as in english : ) - i am leaving tomorrow . ) the coexistence of progressive and a future time adverbial is the decisive ) factor . i ' m sorry i have missed the original request from pier marco . albanian seems to have the same features . the progressive is formed , for both present and imperfect past , by putting a particle [ po ] in front of the verb . the particle is the same for all the forms of the verb . examples ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 1 . how the progressive is created : ( """""""" po """""""" is equivalent to the suffix """""""" - ing """""""" in english ) a ) ai po ecte [ he - ing walk ( past imperfect ) ] b ) ne po ecim [ we - ing walk ( present ) ] 2 . not every verb can be combined with a future time adverbial ( this depends from the semantic features of the verb and from the tense - only present ) a ) po vi neser [ - ing come ( 1st person sg ) tomorrow ] b ) po shkojme pas nje ore [ - ing go ( 1st person pl ) in one hour ] if anything is not clear , please , let me know . am aleksander murzaku microlytics , inc . two tobey village office park - - pittsford , new york 14534 tel . 716 248 9150 ext . 118 fax . 716 248 3868 e - mail : amurzaku @ microlytics . com www :
  """",0
  1168,""""Subject: referencing example numbers in wp
   
   since the question has been raised about how to reference example numbers in wordperfect for dos , here 's my two-cents ' worth about wp5 . 1 and wp6 for dos . in 5 . 1 , although one could use paragraph numbers , as was suggested , this precludes using them to number sections of a paper . a better approach is to use the numbering facilities for """""""" graphics boxes . """""""" like paragraph numbers , graphics boxes can be referenced by the cross-reference feature in wp . what you have to do is set equation box options so that the caption is to the left of the box ( the default is to the right ) . for phonological rules , which can be nicely formatted using the equation editor , you then create an equation box with a caption consisting of """""""" ( [ box number ] ) """""""" and go into the equation editor to write the rule . for sample sentences , etc . , the box itself is empty , but with a caption as before , and set to allow text to overlap it . you can then exit the create graphics box screen and proceed to type the examples . the numbers automatically update as new boxes are added . cross - referencing is done by assigning name to any example you want to reference ( as a cross-reference target ) and then putting in a cross-reference reference code with the target 's name . you have to generate occasionally to update the reference numbers ; they initially appear as ? . in wp6 ( which is superior for linguistics because of its support for phonetic symbols ) it 's even easier . wp6 has a counters feature ( in the character format dialog box ) . you define a counter ( i call mine example ) . whenever you want to insert an example , you type ( in the main document screen ) the open parenthesis , go into the counters dialog box , and push f8 ( or click on the increment and display button ) . this inserts two codes : one to increment the number ( this is not done automatically for user-defined counters ) and one to display it . cross - referencing is done as before . a couple of additional wp tips : - the styles feature is very useful for dealing with in-text stylesheets for journals . for any feature where journals have different styles ( scare quotes , sentence glosses and translations , in-text reference punctuation , etc . ) you assign a style . styles can be any combination of characters and codes . for each journal , you create a different style library . then , if you want to change formatting from one to another , you simply read in a different style library . - the above is too simple for bibliography style sheets , where the order of elements differs in addition to punctuation and font attribute . if you are comfortable with programming , you can write merge programs ( called primary merge files in wp5 . 1 and merge form files in wp6 ) for the different stylesheets and have a bibliography file which is formatted as a secondary merge file ( wp5 . 1 ) / merge data file ( wp6 ) , with fields for things like author 's first and last names , year , title , etc . ( include a field for type of reference ( book , article , dissertation , etc . ) since the format of the title may vary . ) this is not recommended for computerphobes , however . - lining up foreign language examples with word-for - word glosses in proportional fonts can be done using tabs , and resetting the tab stops for each example . this is easier from wp6 . 0b onwards ( if you have a mouse ) because of the ruler feature : you display the ruler and drag the tab stops , and as you drag them a dotted line extends down from the tab stop through the text so you can see exactly where you are . in previous versions , you have to go into the tab set menu and play with the tab settings by trial and error . it is even possible to put asterisks inside the space of the tab between the example number and the example . instead of tabbing , use the tab align ( wp5 . 1 ) or decimal align ( wp6 ) feature ( ctrl f6 ) . before pressing ctrl - f6 , set the """""""" decimal character """""""" to the first letter of the example ( on the other format menu in 5 . 1 and the character format menu in 6 ) . to prevent the spell-checker from stopping on words in foreign examples ( or phonetic representations , or logical formulae ) , in 5 . 1 you can use the language feature to insert a made-up language code . the spell-checker will complain that it can't find the dictionary for the language , and you tell it to ignore the language and continue checking what it can . in wp6 a block can be marked [ speller / grammatik off ] ( on the other format menu ) to prevent it from being spell - or grammar-checked . - - yehuda n . falk department of english the hebrew university of jerusalem """""""" live long and prosper """""""" - vulcan greeting
  """",0
  1169,""""Subject: summary : c - insertion
   
   some weeks ago i posted a query as to whether anyone knew examples of consonant insertion to separate impermissible vowel clusters , in which the choice of consonant was not conditioned by its surrounding vowels . thanks who all those who responded . their names and e-mail addresses appear with their edited remarks . i would welcome further comments on anything brought up in this summary . reason for the query : my query was prompted by work i ' ve been doing on the czech verb system in which , in certain forms from certain paradigms , a glide / j / appears that is not present in other forms . ( since most e-mail won't support czech diacritics , i ' ll spell all czech forms phonetically . an apostrophe after a consonant indicates its palatalization . ) typical of such verbs is the verb [ d ' elat ] """""""" to do """""""" : [ d ' ela : ] """""""" he / she / it does """""""" [ d ' elaji : ] """""""" they do """""""" [ d ' elaji : c ] active participle ( plural ) in old church slavonic and in russian , this / j / appears in all persons of the present tense in related paradigms ( e . g . , russian [ d ' elajet ] """""""" to do """""""" 3rd per . sing . ) and creates a vjv sequence , which historically contracted into a long vowel in czech ( e . g . , [ d ' ela : ] ) . in most current phonological accounts of west slavic languages , such as rubach ( 1993 ) , this / j / is considered to be present underlyingly , but then needs to be deleted in almost all forms of these verbs . this representation seemed too abstract to me , and when i considered czech phonotactic restrictions ( see charts in palkova ( 1994 ) ) from an autosegmental viewpoint , it occurred to me that the / j / ( where it does survive ) may simply be inserted to break up impermissible v clusters or to prevent formation of overlong syllable nuclei . the only sticking point in this was that / j / often appears between non-high vs or vs with which it shares no obvious features . as i found out from the responses and from searching i ' ve done since , the epenthesis of consonants between non-homorganic vowels is not as uncommon as one might assume . so far , the norm seems to be that cs inserted at morpheme boundaries will be glides ( even between non-high vs ) unless there is a relic consonant that has been retained , and sometimes analogically extended , in a given environment . in all cases i ' ve found where the inserted c is a relic , that c is coronal . more data would be greatly welcome . the responses : albert ortmann ( ortmann @ sapir . ling . uni-duesseldorf . de ) mentioned several examples : english intrusive / r / , french t-epenthesis in interrogative forms , dutch insertion of / j / and / v / between non-high vs morpheme internally ( e . g . , theater [ te : ' ( j ) a : t @ r ] ; zovals [ zo : ' ( v ) als ] """""""" like , as if """""""" ) , and swiss german insertion of / n / between certain hosts and clitics ( e . g . groesser wie-n - i """""""" taller than - ep - i """""""" ) . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = subj : vowel clusters from : spscob @ main . queen-margaret - college . ac . uk from : spscob @ main . queen-margaret - college . ac . uk x - from : spscob @ main . queen-margaret - college . ac . uk ( dr james m scobbie ) some people might think that / r / sandhi in english is of the type you are looking for , but really / r / is just the consonantal glide counterpart of non-high vowels , so it 's just like finding / j / near / i / or / w / near / u / . note , however , that to avoid inserting / r / in certain socially stigmatised environments , many speakers insert glottal stop : law [ ? ] and order instead of law [ r ] and order = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = subj : c - insertion from : seegmiller @ apollo . montclair . edu ( steve seegmiller ) karachay , a turkic language , has a clear case of a consonant appearing under certain circumstances involving what would otherwise be v - v sequences . the plural suffix is - le or - la ( depending on vowel harmony ) , so that at ' horse ' has the plural atla . however , if the plural suffix is itself followed by another suffix beginning with a vowel , an - r - appears : atlari """""""" m ' my horses ' . ( the 1sg possessive suffix is - im / i """""""" m / um / u """""""" m ) . the - r - is clearly historical , since the karachay forms with - r - are similar to the ordinary turkish form . that is , the turkish forms corresponding to the karachay ones given above are at , atlar , atlari """""""" m . the thing i do n't know is whether there is motivation for postulating this - r - in the underlying form of the plural suffix or not . there are some reasons to say yes and some to say no , so i ' m not sure . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = from : gladney @ vmd . cso . uiuc . edu i do n't have references , but here are three e examples i have noticed : freebie , sukie ( a diminutive of sue ) , and the l . a . lakers . best wishes , frank y . gladney . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = from : karlrein @ aol . com subj : intrusive glides i do n't know if this is what you are looking for , but portuguese has [ y ] s and [ w ] s that come between more open final and initial vowels . in some dialects ( continental and insular ) ' na agua ' is [ n ( schwa ) + y + agwa ] . when nasal vowels are on both sides , the [ y ] is nasal . in many varieties ( all ? ) ' no ano ' is [ nu + w + ( mid-central a ) nu ] . sorry about the lack of symbols . karl reinhardt , dept . of modern and classical languages , university of houston . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = from : ferry @ cimrs1 . mnhn . fr to : jpkirchner @ aol . com for glide insertion in eskimo language you can see : jorgen rischel , topics in west greenlandic phonology , akademisk forlag , copenhagen , 1974 . insertion of nasal velar or nasal uvular to prevent the fusion of two long vowels . best regards philippe mennecier , muse ' e de l ' homme , paris = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = subj : consonant insertion picard @ vax2 . concordia . ca ( marc picard ) i think you ' ll probably find find that most cases of consonant insertionare the result of analogy . in french , for example , what should be chante-il ' is he singing ' is actually chante - t-il , the epenthetic / t / having been introduced in all first conjugation verbs through the influence of a final 3 sg final / t / in the other conjugations , e . g . finit-il , fait-il , recoit-il , etc . also , because of final consonant deletion , words like abri 's helter ' and debit came to have an identical ending . however , because so many such forms alternated with morphologically complex words ending in / t / , some original vowel-final words acquired this consonant in composition so that , for example , abriter came to replace abrier ( which is still used in canadian french in the sense of ' to cover ' ) . you ' ll also find cases like clou ' nail ' with derived forms either with or without / t / , e . g . clouer ' to nail ' vs . cloute , clouterie , cloutier . although / t / is the 'd efault ' consonant , as it were , you ' ll also find cases like joli , jolie ' pretty ' yielding enjoliver ' to embellish ' ; you ' ll also find family names like joliet and jolivet . i ' m sure you can find out more about all this stuff in mildred pope 's from latin to modern french . marc picard = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ( in this one i have edited out those of mr . alvarez 's examples containing characters that did not survive transmission . he also included an extensive spanish outline of the guajiro language and people , which i ' ll make available to those who request it . jk ) subj : c - insertion in guajiro x - from : jalvar @ conicit . ve ( jose r . alvarez ) in guajiro , an arawakan language spoken in colombia and venezuela , all the six vowels show a contrast between short and long . long vowels ( written as double vowels in the practical orthography ) and diphthongs ( written as two vowels ) behave alike for the process of consonant insertion to be described shortly . whenever the situation arises where due to morphological concatenation we have a theme ( complex or monomorphemic ) ending with a long vowel and a suffix beginning with a long vowel , an epenthetic [ h ] ( written as j ) or [ w ] ( written as w ) is inserted to break up the impermissible vowel cluster . the choice of either [ h ] or [ w ] is simply a matter of dialect differences , [ h ] being preferred by the arribero speakers and [ w ] preferred by the abajero speakers . the insertion of [ h / w ] to break up vowel clusters applies with no conditioning by the surrounding vowels , that is , it is a general and very productive process . atpanaa + ee + chi - ) atpanaajeechi or atpanaaweechi """""""" it will be rabbit """""""" ke + kii + ee-shi - ) kekiijeeshi or kekiiweeshi """""""" he wants to have a ( good ) head """""""" a + ko ' ojoo + ee + shi - ) ako ' ojeeshi or ako ' oweeshi """""""" he wants / wanted to embrace """""""" contrary to what these few examples may lead one to suspect , this epenthesis in not conditioned by the presence of a long ee in the second half of the cluster . it is simply an accident of guajiro morphology that very common suffixes have this long vowel ( - ee future , - ee desiderative , - eema apparentative , etc . ) . however , only [ w ] is used in epenthesis in certain cases . this last case is particularly important in infinitive formation . a guajiro infinitive may end with one of the six long vowels aa ee ii oo uu uu [ this last vowel is / uu / with """""""" umlaut """""""" - - jk ] or with the sequence waa . this duality in infinitive formation is directly related with the phonological structure of the stem from which the infinitive is constructed : if the final syllable of the stem is light , that is , if it ends with a short vowel , then the final vowel is lengthened ; if the final syllable of the stem is heavy ( that is , if it ends with a long vowel or a diphthong ) , then - aa is suffixed , an epenthetic [ w ] being added . the infinitives ashakataa / a = shaka-ta - aa / ( 0 = get . off - tt-inf ) """""""" to get off """""""" y cheecheewaa / cheechee-aa / ( soft - inf ) """""""" to be soft """""""" illustrate this contrast . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = thanks again to all who responded . i 'd welcome more examples if anyone knows of any . james kirchner jpkirchner @ aol . com
  """",0
  1170,""""Subject: re : 6 . 249 dick armey 's slip and correction
   
   i ' m sorry if this was in the original post , but it seems obvious to me that phonological misprocessing is not the only possible type of """""""" slip """""""" we could be dealing with , indeed , i do n't know the """""""" speech error """""""" literature all that well but """""""" fak """""""" for """""""" frank """""""" seems totally out as a likely error , in my view ( has anyone looked at the phonological context ? ) . surely the suspicion must be that this is a privately used slur of representative frank that crept into public discourse - - i . e . , it was a register problem rather than a phonological one . it would seem unfortunate ( just to respond to the """""""" political agenda """""""" part of an earlier post ) if we as linguists refused to bring our competence to bear on questions such as this for fear of being """""""" politicized """""""" . mark
  """",0
  1171,""""Subject: re : 6 . 249 dick armey 's slip and correction
   
   could someone provide the context for dick armey 's utterance of """""""" barney fag """""""" ? i only heard it once and did n't write it down . my impression at the time , however , was that the phonological environment did n't seem quite right for a spoonerism . one other thought : it seems that a binary opposition between an intentional slur on armey 's part and a purely phonological slip does n't represent all the possibilities . it 's certainly possible that if the string """""""" barney fag """""""" has been used often enough on capitol hill in the hearing of dick armey , he might very well have inadvertently substituted it for frank 's actual name . is n't that something that 's done all the time : accidentally saying something that one has heard recently or repeatedly . """""""" can't get that tune out of my head ! """""""" seems like a reasonable explanation for a """""""" slip """""""" that was n't a spoonerism . anything on non-spoonerism phonological slips out there that bears on this ? phil gaines
  """",0
  1172,""""Subject: dick armey 's slip
   
   so dave wharton , having determined that the delay between richard armey 's """""""" barney fag """""""" remark and its correction lasted less than a second , is confident that it must have been """""""" a slip and not a slur """""""" ( presumably blameless ) , all the more since armey has a ph . d . and a wealth of political savvy and """""""" would not think it to his advantage to make such an utterance . """""""" a victim , then , of linguists with ulterior agendas . how in the in the world is one to respond to such a statement ? if wharton had made the suggestion 75 years ago you might repeat the observation that freud offered in the introductory lectures to the effect that the merely somatic or phonetic concommitents of slips can't explain why they occur when they do - - as he put it , it 's like telling a policeman that the darkness of the night and the isolation of the street have caused your purse to be snatched . what might have possessed armey , then ? the new republic has pointed out that he was one of only forty-seven members ( gingrich was not among them ) who voted against george bush 's hate crime statistics act , which allowed the government to record violence against homosexuals ; that he voted to exclude people with aids from the americans with disabilities act ; that he voted to deny government funds to groups that boycotted the boy scouts of america on the grounds of that organization 's anti-gay policies ; and that he refused to sign a voluntary statement saying that his own office did n't discriminate against homosexuals . of course the remark was n't """""""" intentional , """""""" but the evidence is pretty thick that armey harbors just the sorts of inner demons who would have been lying in wait for any breach in conscious attention . most inhabitants of the late 20th century will acknowlege some acquaintance with pesky creatures like these , and you would think that it would be only by an act of willful repression that someone could deny their existence entirely . but maybe we should give wharton the benefit of the doubt ; maybe his is a genuine victorian innocence . only , just think of it ! all those theorists arguing that we are living the twilight of modernist era , when there are still people ( with an """""""" edu """""""" in their address , yet ) on whom it has not even begun to dawn .
  """",0
  1173,""""Subject: re : 6 . 249 dick armey 's slip and correction
   
   having read all of the research literature on slips of the tongue and having scanned them in both normal and aphasic corpora , i find it hard to believe that this much discussed slip was linguistic tho it may , in some sense , have been freudian . bob wachal
  """",0
  1174,""""Subject: re : 6 . 249 dick armey 's slip and correction
   
   slurs . . . i mean , sirs : armey 's slip could very well have been a slip , but a slip of this sort represents a competing plan , and one can then ask , why the competing plan ? phonological similarity ( """""""" similarity """""""" being the aristotean catch-all ) [ / fraenk / vs . / faeg / ] or something more like bernie baars 's """""""" unintentional """""""" pun , clearly indicating something a bit more than raw phonological similarity . the non-phonological , competing plan notion brings up all sorts of interpretive issues concerning why armey may or may not have had something painfully abusive """""""" on his mind """""""" when he produced """""""" fag . """""""" if it had been """""""" on his mind , """""""" it was ( at that point in time during on-line speech ) not anything typically volitional and intentional . these are tricky issues .
  """",0
  1175,""""Subject: nlp jobs summary
   
   a couple of weeks ago , i asked whether there is a central source of information about jobs in nlp . i received about ten responses , some of which mentioned specific job opportunities , which i passed on to my student . i am posting here a summary of the general discussion . 1 . there is a list called langage naturel ( ln @ frmop11 . bitnet ) , run by philippe blache ( pb @ harar . unice . fr ) , which may be useful . 2 . the attendance lists from acl could be helpful . 3 . mark kantrowitz at cmu has a mailing list called ai-jobs . many of the listings are in cl / nlp . he can be reached at mkant @ cs . cmu . edu url : http : / / www . cs . cmu . edu : 8001 / afs / cs . cmu . edu / user / mkant / www / home . html 4 . ken i . laws runs a for-moderate - fee mailing list called the computist 's communique . it 's a general e-newsletter for computer scientists , but includes an appendix ( of sorts ) of job ads in applied cs / ai . again , quite a few nlp ads . ken offers once-a - month freebies , and bargain subscriptions for students and unemployed members . laws @ ai . sri . com . 5 . the ( very low volume ) newsgroup comp . ai . nlang-know - rep lists jobs occasionally . 6 . the empiricist mailing list is an email-list covering corpus-based nlp , and for nlp jobs , have a look at colibri , a weekly newsletter and www service for people interested in language , logic , speech and / or information . have a look at our url : ( http : / / colibri . let . ruu . nl / ) a keyword search on """""""" job """""""" will basically yield an overview of all jobs that were ever announced in colibri , which includes all nlp-jobs we were able to find . by this message , i announce that i am going out of the employment counseling business . mark aronoff
  """",0
  1176,""""Subject: sum : sign-singing
   
   a few weeks ago i posted the following query : ) here in taiwan there is a tv program in which people compete ) to see who is the best singer . there are different categories ) for different types of songs / languages , etc . , and one category ) is for """""""" sign singing """""""" . a tape of a song is played , and a signer ) signs along with the words of the song ( all those i ' ve seen ) compete were not deaf ) . i was wondering if this is common in ) other countries , and if so , what the criteria are for judging ) who is """""""" the best """""""" , and also if it is done at all by people ) who are deaf . thanks . i received a number of interesting responses : ) from jane edwards ( edwards @ cogsci . berkeley . edu ) : ) thought not pertaining to contests or even singing , for that matter , ) i saw something on pbs a couple months back which i wanted to mention . ) they showed a """""""" music appreciation """""""" class taught to totally deaf high school ) kids , in which they each were wearing pad on the back , which converts the ) acoustic output into pressure stimulation . the students were dancing to ) the music , and commenting on different types of music . they were n't ) singing / signing to it , but perhaps they could ? ) from jakob dempsey ( jakob @ u . washington . edu ) : ) one of the largest , most popular choruses in seattle regularly ) has a sign-language """""""" interpreter """""""" on stage during performances ; the ) particular one who has been doing it for a long time is not deaf ; he seems ) to also appeal a lot to the general audience with his expressive , exaggerated ) style . ) from midori yonezawa ( yonezawa @ student . msu . edu ) : ) i believe that there is a sign singing contest because music can be shared ) by everybody and it is natural to want to show different expressions each ) other . ) i learned japanese sign language in japan ( a little bit ) , and sometimes i ) practiced sign singing , too . i went to concerts where the singers were ) all professional """""""" shanson """""""" singers ( """""""" shanson """""""" is french loan into japanese ) . ) they have a concert every year for those who are handicapped , not only ) for deaf people . some singers sang with sign language at the same time as ) they sang vocally , and when the singers did n't do so there was an interpreter ) of sign language on the stage . i noticed and surprised that the ways of ) expressing by sing language are very different from each other and from ) occasions , e . g . fast / slow , soft / pressing , emotional / calm , etc , etc . . ) i also remember a tv program ( on nhk ) about equipment to help those who have ) difficulty in hearing . a technical group developed the equipment so that ) they can hear music . ) from peggy swartzel lott ( pslott @ utxvms . cc . utexas . edu ) : ) when i was a sign language interpreter and interpreter coordinator in ) san diego , california , there was quite a to-do a few years back over ) the issue of song sign . i first remember encountering song sign in ) the early to mid 70 's when a few groups of deaf performers ( i . e . ) musign ) toured the country performing popular songs in sign along ) with recorded sound tracks . later a pair of excellent performers , ) sharon neumann solow and gary sanderson , both individuals who were ) raised with deaf parents and fluent in asl , toured and performed ) songs in sign . ) ) the controversy in san diego centered on a local """""""" annual song sign ) competition """""""" hosted by the area 's rid branch , sanscrid . the ) competition was open to the public and was established both for ) a general """""""" deaf awareness """""""" activity and to raise funds for various ) purposes . prizes were given out for best individual song , best ) group , etc . the performance of the competition was quite popular ) and seemed to be growing in attendance and participation each year . ) ) a group of deaf people contested the competition on various grounds . ) the points i remember best about their objection ( because i ) personally found these issues most compelling ) were that the ) actual performances were offensive to some native signers because ) of the way putting sign to music distorted the linguistic and ) aesthetic dynamics of asl . that is , in order to make a signed ) narrative conform to the lyrics of a song , to translate it ) simultaneously with the recorded music , many grammatical patterns ) in normal signing had to be altered . often the performance bore ) little resemblance to normal signing . ) ) there was great debate for a while in the community over this issue . ) certain deaf people and many hearing interpreters and sign ) students defended the practice of song sign . some insisted that ) they be allowed to exercise their own artistic talents in playing ) with signing in this way . others felt that song sign provided an ) important bridge that enabled many uninformed hearing people to ) become aware of and appreciate the beauty of signing . the ) community was divided over the issue and eventuall y the whole ) thing was dropped . in the meantime , however , certain concerns ) of deaf people were brought to the surface and continued to be a ) source of discussion : issues about who has the right to make poetic ) use of signing and what sorts of alterations in signing style are ) acceptable to native users and which are not . i found the whole ) debate quite interesting and was genuinely convinced by the ) argument of the deaf people who were opposed to the practice . ) from richard arnold ( richard . arnold @ vuw . ac . nz ) : ) here in new zealand we have an annual new zealand sign langauge story - telling ) competition . mostly the competitors are deaf , but some codas also partipate as ) well . i have yet to see any hearing compete , however i know of some deaf for ) whom nz sign language is a second language learnt later in their adult life ) also participate . ) ) the winners are usually those who are quite fluent in nzsl . the criteria for ) judging is ( to my understanding ) as follows : ) ) - is the signing clear to the audience ? ) - does the signer get the audiences attention ? ) - is the story well structured ? ) - is the story within the time limits set ( usually 3 minutes ) ? ) - does the signer keep to the rules ? ) this usually consists of - no dirty jokes . ) - no overzealous religious contexts . ) ) the competitior must give a title to his / her story and state its type , ( ie true ) story , joke story , sad story , not true story etc . . . ) ) ) if the story exceeds the time limit a point is deducted . however the signer is ) not interrupted if he / she exceeds the limit but is allowed to complete the ) story ( unless it really is too long ! ! ! ) . ) ) sometimes , at the end the winner ( if he / she is popular with the audience is ) asked to repeat it or give another story ) . ) ) . . . sign-singing is not too common among the deaf community far as i am ) aware . it is mostly done in religious situations . i think it is n't a strong ) component of deaf culture . however story-telling is a strong part of deaf ) culture and especially of making jokes and light-hearted teasing . anyway thats ) my deaf experience here in new zealand . ) from karina bingham ( karina @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu ) : ) there is an african - american a cappella group called """""""" sweet honey in the ) rock """""""" who have a full-time signer in the group . she performs with them and ) signs her interpretations of the songs . they recently published a book ) for their 25th anniversary : ) ) reagon , bernice johnson . the long journey home . 1994 . ) ) in which the signer discusses her experiences in the deaf community and ) a deaf church ( where the congregation sang in sign ) . her parents were both ) deaf ; she is not . ) from marina mcintire ( mmcintir @ lynx . dac . neu . edu ) : ) you have inadvertently touched upon a very tender issue in the deaf ) community here in the us . first , let me say that only in the us have i ) seen this phenomenon . brits ( both deaf and hearing who work with them ) ) are confounded and amused by it . in the us , it used to be quite the ) thing to translate songs and develop routines to go with them , produce ) recitals and concerts , and the like . it arose , most likely , out of a ) strong church-related tradition of """""""" helpers """""""" for deaf people . ) ) in the last ten to fifteen years , however , deaf people have begun their ) own liberation . song - signing has been a casualty , by and large . it is ) viewed as representing one aspect of a pathological or clinical view of ) deafness , i . e . , that the worst """""""" loss """""""" resulting from deafness is music . ) this is , of course , far from the truth . and for culturally deaf people , ) music is a peculiarity belonging to the mainstream hearing world and of ) no consequence in their lives whatsoever . so * that * motive ( helping ) d / deaf people appreciate what they ' re missing ) is not acceptable . ) ) another complaint is that , by and large , translations are more ) influenced by the rhythm of the music than by any sense it might make in ) asl , presenting d / deaf audiences with nonsensical or distorted versions ) of signs and signed syntax . this arises partly , of course , out of the ) difficulty of translating any poetry into any language . ) ) worst of all , and perhaps most puzzling to d / deaf people , is the ) insistence of most song-signers on including things like """""""" tra la la """""""" or ) humming . there is * nothing * that could make less sense to a d / deaf ) audience ! ) ) i will say that i have seen some wonderful song-sign translations done , ) including some with rather elegant dance routines . sometimes these have ) been done by d / deaf people and sometimes by hearing folks . by and large , ) however , this practice is no longer an acceptable pasttime in our ) community . exceptions are made , ironically , for interpreters who work in ) theater . musical productions , because of their general inclusion of ) dance ( a more interesting visual event ) and costume / props / etc . . . are ) quite popular and well-attended ( comparatively speaking ) by d / deaf ) theatre-goers . many thanks to all those who replied . randy lapolla institute of history and philology academia sinica
  """",0
  1177,""""Subject: dependency grammar : corrections , reactions , reformatting
   
   apparently i made a few mistakes in the posting about my manuscript on dependency grammar . this is curious , because i apparently got everything right on the earlier posting on the same topic to the dg and hpsg lists . at least two people have informed me that they successfully ftp-ed everything , but at least two others have had problems . the address should be : julius . ling . ohio-state . edu the suffixes . ps . gz on the file-names ( not the address ) indicate that they are compressed , so you need to uncompress them using the command ' gunzip ' . the slashes in the directory address should be ' / ' and not ' \ ' . presumably because of some sort of software error , i cannot read things in my inbox . but i put three of the reactions to my previous posting there before i had grown accustomed to this problem , so i cannot answer these directly , but will now try to do so through the linguist list . to the respondent from finland : you wanted a numerical address . it is : 128 . 146 . 172 . 200 to the respondent from taiwan ( or was it hongkong ? ) . you noted a problem with chapter 7 . the general problem has now been corrected , but there may still be a problem with one or two of the examples . if so , i can send an ascii file , as you suggested , or a paper copy of these examples , if you send me a regular mail address , but in either case you have to write to me again . i am now used to reading my mail and replying if necessary , or at least writing down the essential information , before downloading . nevertheless , i hope the compuserve people solve the problem soon . to the """""""" computer illiterate / dyslexic """""""" ( your own term ) : surely you can find someone there who is able to help you with the ftp procedure . the university you are at must have more than its share of experts in this area . but i can also send you an ascii version of chapter 1 via email , if you write to me again . for the sake of making my files more compatible with the software linguists most often use , andreas kathol has advised me to reformat my manuscript in latex . unfortunately , he does n't know where to get a latex software packet for use with pcs ( what i use ) . can anyone help by giving me a site to ftp from ? i am in the process of creating a latex version of the files . dan maxwell 100101 , 2276 @ compuserve . com
  """",0
  1178,""""Subject: www page : south african conferences
   
   as part of the www pages i have prepared for the department of linguistics , university of natal ( durban ) i have included information on the following conferences which are being held in south africa this year : 1 ) the conference of the african languages association of south africa , 12 - 14 july . 2 ) the conference of the south african applied linguistics association , 9 - 12 july . 3 ) the conference of the linguistics society of southern africa , 5 - 7 july . 4 ) the conference of the south african association for language teaching , 9 - 12 july . 5 ) the english in africa conference , 11 - 14 july . the url for the departmental home page is : http : / / www . und . ac . za / ling / linghome . html you can access the list of conferences directly at the url : http : / / www . und . ac . za / ling / sa _ cnfs . html if there are any other linguistics or related conferences being held in southern africa this year which could be included in this list please let me know . rodrik wade _ _ _ rodrik wade ( wade @ mtb . und . ac . za ) web page html : / / www . und . ac . za / ling / wade post : dept . of linguistics phone : + 27 ( 0 ) 31 260 1131 university of natal private bag x10 dalbridge 4014 , south africa .
  """",0
  1179,""""Subject: bisfai deadline extension !
   
   bisfai deadline extension ! the deadline for the bar - ilan symposium on foundations of artificial intelligence has been extended to february 27 . the conference itself will take place as scheduled , june 20-22 , in ramat - gan and jerusalem , israel . for more information contact : bisfai @ bimacs . cs . biu . ac . il daniel radzinski tovna translation machines jerusalem , israel dr @ tovna . co . il
  """",0
  1180,""""Subject: sentence processing conference - schedule
   
   the eighth annual cuny conference on human sentence processing march 16-18 , 1995 radisson hotel , 6555 e . speedway , tucson , az sponsors : university of arizona ( cognitive science program , dept . of psychology , dept . of linguistics , dean 's office ( social and behavioral sciences ) , social and behavioral sciences research institute ) , institute for research in cognitive science at the university of pennsylvania , university of rochester . the special session on prosodic effects on parsing is sponsored by nsf . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ = = program = = thursday , march 16 registration 8 : 15 - 8 : 45 8 : 45 welcoming remarks 9 : 00 brian mcelree & teresa griffith ( u . cal , irvine ) constraints on filling gaps : a time-course analysis . 9 : 25 lewis shapiro ( florida atlantic u . ) arild hestvik ( u . of stuttgart ) & kim luscher ( florida atlantic u . ) an on-line analysis of vp - ellipsis : syntactic reconstruction and semantic influence . 9 : 50 tracy love & david swinney ( ucsd ) on the nature of the search in coreferential processing . 10 : 15 kevin peterson , anthony sanford , & linda moxey ( u . glasgow ) anaphoric reference to differentially focused subsets of a quantified noun-phrase . 10 : 40 coffee break 11 : 10 neal pearlmutter , kathryn bock , and susan garnsey ( u . illinois ) subject - verb agreement processes in sentence comprehension . 11 : 35 christine sevald and susan garnsey ( u . illinois ) safe syntax : encapsulation of number-marking information in sentence comprehension . 12 : 00 celia jakubowicz and ch . faussart ( cnrs ) agreement phenomena in the processing of spoken french . 12 : 25 janet nicol ( u . arizona ) effects of clausal structure on subject-verb agreement errors . 12 : 50 lunch break 2 : 00 don mitchell ( u . exeter ) , fernando cuetos ( u . oviedo ) , martin corley ( u . exeter ) and marc brysbaert ( u . leuven ) the linguistic tuning hypothesis : further corpus and experimental evidence . 2 : 25 edward gibson , carson schutze , and ariel salomon ( mit ) the relationship between the frequency and the perceived complexity of linguistic structure . 2 : 50 suzanne stevenson ( rutgers ) reconciling constraint-based and structure-based explanations of syntactic preferences . 3 : 15 coffee break 3 : 45 john trueswell ( u . penn ) the role of lexical frequency in syntactic ambiguity resolution . 4 : 10 curt burgess & kevin lund ( u . cal , riverside ) extraction of high-dimensional semantics from large corpora and human syntactic processing constraints . 4 : 35 uli h . frauenfelder ( u . geneva ) , alain content ( ulb , bruxelles ) , jean - philippe goldman & christine meunier ( u . geneva ) . comparative sublexical statistics : the processing units debate . 5 : 30 - 7 : 00 - poster session i friday , march 17 special session on prosodic influences on parsing ( titles to be announced ) 8 : 30 stefanie shattuck - hufnagel & alice turk 9 : 10 wayne murray & sheila watt 9 : 45 shari speer ( northeastern u ) 10 : 15 fernanda ferreira ( msu ) 10 : 45 coffee break 11 : 15 nicholas nagel ( ucsd ) & lewis shapiro ( florida atlantic u ) prosodic influences on the processing of attachment ambiguities . 11 : 45 tadahisa kondo ( ntt basic research labs ) & reiko mazuka ( duke u . ) prosodic planning while reading aloud : on - line examination of japanese sentences . 12 : 15 merrill garrett ( u . arizona ) and roger wales ( u . melbourne ) commentary and panel discussion 1 : 00 lunch break 2 : 15 cyma van petten ( u . arizona ) , jill weckerly ( ucsd ) , heather mcisaac ( ubc ) , and marta kutas ( ucsd ) the impact of working memory capacity on the use of lexical and sentence-level semantic context : event - related brain potential evidence . 2 : 40 catherine harris ( boston u ) a corpora-based approach to sense-selection and contextual integration . 3 : 05 janet dean fodor ( cuny ) , weijia ni ( haskins ) , stephen crain ( u . maryland ) & donald shankweiler ( u . connecticut ) tasks and timing in the perception of linguistic anomaly . 3 : 30 coffee break 4 : 00 kathleen eberhard , michael tanenhaus , michael spivey - knowlton , and julie sedivy ( u . rochester ) . investigating the time-course of establishing reference : evidence for rapid incremental processing . 4 : 25 michael spivey - knowlton , michael tanenhaus , julie sedivy & kathleen eberhard ( u . rochester ) visual / situational context overrides local preference in pp - attachment ambiguity . 5 : 30 - 7 : 00 poster session ii saturday , march 18 9 : 25 richard lewis ( princeton ) a theory of grammatical but unacceptable embeddings . 9 : 50 maria babyonyshev ( mit ) processing inherently and structurally cased dps 10 : 15 patrick sturt & matthew crocker ( edinburgh ) monotonic parsing and reanalysis . 10 : 40 coffee break 11 : 10 julie e . boland ( osu ) understanding how they """""""" saw her duck """""""" : homographs in coherent text . 11 : 35 a . d . friederici ( mpi and freie u . ) , a . mecklinger , k . steinhauer & a . hahne ( freie u . ) processing violations of syntactic structure versus violations of syntactic preferences : evidence from erp studies . 12 : 00 susan garnsey , neal pearlmutter , elizabeth myers ( u . illinois ) , & maryellen macdonald ( usc ) the relative contributions of verb bias and plausibility to the comprehension of temporarily ambiguous sentences . 12 : 25 lars konieczny , barbara hemforth , & christoph scheepers ( u . freiberg ) pp - and np - attachment preferences differ according to verb-placement in german sentences . 12 : 50 lunch break 2 : 00 edith kaan & laurie stowe ( u . of groningen ) non - local subcategorization violations : the effect of distance and memory span . 2 : 25 colin brown , peter hagoort , & wietske vonk ( mpi ) on - line sentence processing : parsing preferences revealed by brain responses . 2 : 50 marica de vincenzi ( national research council roma ) syntactic analysis in sentence comprehension : effects of dependency types and grammatical constraints . 3 : 15 coffee break 3 : 45 martin pickering ( u . glasgow ) , holly branigan ( u . edinburgh ) , simon liversedge ( u . nottingham ) , andrew stewart ( u . sussex ) , thomas urbach , & ashley myler ( washington and lee u . ) exploring syntactic priming 4 : 10 michael anes , fernanda ferreira , & john henderson ( msu ) parallel structure effects in reading and listening . 4 : 35 kathleen ahrens & david swinney ( ucsd ) on the integration of verbs into sentential contexts : the effect of participant-role complexity in sentence processing . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ conference organizers : janet nicol , ken forster , and merrill garrett abstract review committee : andrew barss , tom bever , tom cornell , ken forster , susan garnsey , merrill garrett , louann gerken , ted gibson , wayne murray , janet nicol , david swinney , gabriella vigliocco ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ hotel information : the conference hotel is the radisson suite hotel , 6555 e speedway , tucson , az , 85710 . tel : ( 602 ) 721-7100 reservations can be made through radisson 's national system at 800-333 - 3333 . be sure to mention the cuny sentence processing conference when making your reservations . reservations made after february 15 will not be at the conference rate . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ how to get to the conference : 1 ) landing in tucson a taxi cab from the airport to the radisson will cost about $ 20 . ( this estimate came from yellow cab ) . bus . the arizona stage coach costs about $ 10 . interested persons should collect their luggage and then go to the arizona stagecoach desk on the baggage level of the airport next to hertz car rentals . no reservation required to go from the airport to the hotel , but a reservation is required to go to the airport . a reservation may be made at the airport , or by calling the following number : ( 602 ) 889-1000 . transportation for the handicapped to and from the tucson airport is available through handicar . reservations should be made in advance ( 602 881-3391 ) . the cost is $ 25 . 00 each way . upon arrival , passengers should call handicar to verify that the flight has come in . passengers bring one other person with them at no extra charge . 2 ) landing in phoenix the arizona shuttle service is a bus service that runs from the sky harbor airport in phoenix to a location near the radisson ( 5350 e . speedway ) . the cost is $ 19 . 00 each way . departures from the airport are every hour on the half hour from 5 : 30 am to 11 : 30 pm and from tucson , every hour on the hour from 4 : 00 am . to 9 : 00 pm . the trip takes approximately 2 hours . call ( 800 ) 888-2749 for further information . 3 ) driving to tucson . coming from north or west , take the speedway exit from i-10 . coming from the east , take the kolb exit from i-10 ( exit 275 ) . the radisson is on the north side of speedway , just east of wilmot . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = pre - registration form please pre-register . fees may be paid with check or money order payable to : sentence processing conference . we urge you to pre-register as soon as possible , but will accept pre-registration through march 15 . send payment to the following address : sentence processing conference psychology 312 university of arizona tucson , az 85721 student non - student preregistration : $ 10 $ 35 on - site : $ 20 $ 40 name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ students ! there may be ( limited ) funds to assist student travel . if you are a registered student , you are eligible to receive some funding , if such funds are available . if you wish to apply , send us the following information before march 1 : your name , affiliation , year , and participation in the conference ( e . g . , you are a second author on a poster ) . your advisor should verify your student status .
  """",0
  1181,""""Subject: conference call .
   
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - please post - - - - - - - - - - - - - - preliminary announcement and call for papers formal grammar barcelona august 12-13 , 1995 in conjunction with the european summer school in logic , language and information in 1995 the seventh european summer school in logic , language and information is to be held in barcelona . as on previous occasions this meeting will serve as a forum for areas including computational linguistics , formal linguistics , and the role of logic in grammar formalisms . this year the programme includes a conference on formal grammar open to all participants to present contemporary research in this domain . themes of interest include formal and computational phonology , syntax , semantics and pragmatics ; logical methods in linguistics ; and foundational , methodological and architectural issues in grammar . ten copies of anonymous abstracts of not more than 800 words ( on one two-sided sheet ) should be sent to the address below to arrive not later than april 21st , 1995 . please provide a separate sheet detailing title , author ( s ) and institution ( s ) , and address , e-mail , telephone and fax of one author for communication purposes . indicate on both the abstract and the identification sheet whether you require 20 minutes or 40 minutes for presentation . notification of acceptance will be by may 22nd . final versions of papers are to be received by 7th july for inclusion in a proceedings to be distributed at the time of the summer school . address for correspondence : committee of the esslli conference on formal grammar c / o glyn morrill departament de llenguatges i sistemes informatics universitat politecnica de catalunya pau gargallo , 5 08028 barcelona e-mail : morrill @ lsi . upc . es programme committee : elisabet engdahl , ewan klein , glyn morrill , dick oehrle , fernando pereira , carl pollard , richard sproat , susan steele , rich thomason , annie zaenen . for information about the european summer school in logic , language and information ( 14th - 25th august ) contact : esslli95 , gilcub , avda . vallvidrera 25 , 08017 barcelona ; fax + 43 3 2054656 ; e-mail : esslli95 @ gilcub . es \ documentstyle [ 11pt ] { article } \ pagestyle { empty } \ setlength { \ textwidth } { 6 . 5in } \ setlength { \ oddsidemargin } { 0 . 0in } \ begin { document } \ begin { center } \ rule { 1in } { . 01in } please post \ rule { 1in } { . 01in } \ \ \ medskip { \ large preliminary announcement and call for papers } \ \ \ bigskip { \ large \ bf formal grammar } \ \ \ medskip barcelona \ \ august 12-13 , 1995 \ \ in conjunction with the \ \ { \ bf european summer school in logic , language and information } \ end { center } \ medskip \ noindent in 1995 the seventh european summer school in logic , language and information is to be held in barcelona . as on previous occasions this meeting will serve as a forum for areas including computational linguistics , formal linguistics , and the role of logic in grammar formalisms . this year the programme includes a conference on formal grammar open to all participants to present contemporary research in this domain . themes of interest include formal and computational phonology , syntax , semantics and pragmatics ; logical methods in linguistics ; and foundational , methodological and architectural issues in grammar . ten copies of anonymous abstracts of not more than 800 words ( on one two-sided sheet ) should be sent to the address below to arrive not later than april 21st , 1995 . please provide a separate sheet detailing title , author ( s ) and institution ( s ) , and address , e-mail , telephone and fax of one author for communication purposes . indicate on both the abstract and the identification sheet whether you require 20 minutes or 40 minutes for presentation . notification of acceptance will be by may 22nd . final versions of papers are to be received by 7th july for inclusion in a proceedings to be distributed at the time of the summer school . address for correspondence : committee of the esslli conference on formal grammar \ \ c / o glyn morrill \ \ departament de llenguatges i sistemes inform \ ` { a } tics \ \ universitat polit \ ` { e } cnica de catalunya \ \ pau gargallo , 5 \ \ 08028 barcelona \ \ e-mail : { \ sf morrill @ lsi . upc . es } programme committee : elisabet engdahl , ewan klein , glyn morrill , dick oehrle , fernando pereira , carl pollard , richard sproat , susan steele , rich thomason , annie zaenen . for information about the european summer school in logic , language and information ( 14th - 25th august ) contact : esslli95 , gilcub , avda . vallvidrera 25 , 08017 barcelona ; fax + 43 3 2054656 ; e-mail : { \ sf esslli95 @ gilcub . es }
  """",0
  1182,""""Subject: sum : verbal / pronominal feature differences
   
   earlier this month i posted the following query : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = what languages ( if any ) do people know about , where there are distinctions carried in the verbal morphology which cannot be indicated in the pronominal system ? ( for example , if a language expressed gender differences in the verbs , but not in pronouns ) . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the following people very kindly replied with various pieces of very useful information : antton elosegi aldasoro ( fvpelala @ sd . ehu . es ) ariel mira ( mariel @ ccsg . tau . ac . il ) """""""" ellen l . contini - morava """""""" ( elc9j @ faraday . clas . virginia . edu ) simon corston ( corston @ humanitas . ucsb . edu ) brian d joseph ( bjoseph @ magnus . acs . ohio-state . edu ) june wickboldt : jwickbol @ ucs . indiana . edu here are the replies : the two most promising examples of what i was asking about come from basque and hebrew , where the pronominal and verbal systems do not match for gender : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - antton elosegi aldasoro ( fvpelala @ sd . ehu . es ) in basque there is not gender at all in nouns or pronouns , but some verbal forms carry the distinction of the gender of the 2nd person nik ekarri diat nik ekarri dinat i ( erg ) give it to you-masc i ( erg ) give it to you-fem antton elosegi ( university of the basque country ) ariel mira ( mariel @ ccsg . tau . ac . il ) in my own hebrew """""""" normal """""""" verbal inflections ( past and future ) distinguish person gender and number in 2nd and 3rd persons , but only number in 1st person . so far so good , because so does the free pronominal system . however , our now present tense is morphologically a nominal form ( for eg . holexet = ' walk ( fem ) ' as well as ' walker ( fem ) ' . now , our nominal forms , having nothing to do with pronominal forms inflects for number and gender , but does not distinguish persons . the result is that now 1st person present inflection distinguishes between fem and masc though the independent pronoun does not . modern hebrew is losing some gender distinctions too ! 1 . future tense 3rd pers plural : fem form is hardly ever used . even the purist language academy has """""""" abolished """""""" the form . ( we do n't seem to ever have had it in past tense ) . 2 . in colloquial speech , the same is happening to 2nd person , no doubt because the 2nd and 3rd person plural fem forms are identical ( though not the masc ones they have converged with ) . 3 . this needs to be checked ! the free plural feminine pronoun , as well as past inflections of same seem to me to be shaking . but real data has to be recorded for this , so do n't make much of this . i wonder whether mixed forms are possible , namely , you-fem go + masc , etc . * and on a more theoretical note * : hopefully you will find very few examples for what you are looking , because i believe ( what others have been saying for about a hundred years ) that inflections tend to develop out of free pronouns . hence , the dependence between the meanings encoded , though there is no principled reason for the inflection to change later , i guess . it is really unlikely , though , because once the form is inflected , fused with the verb , chances are it won't develop its separate semantics . if you ' re interested in theories about the development of inflection out of pronouns , i have my own , which accounts for the well-known fact that inflections for 1st and 2nd person are much more prevalent than 3rd person . i claim this is so not because 3rd person is unmarked , but rather , since referents of 3rd person are usually much less accessible than referents of 1st and 2nd person ( the speaker and the addressee ) . minimal forms are reserved for more accessible referents ( in general ) , hence inflections are the natural development out of free pronouns for highly accessible antecedents . you can have a look at my book ' accessing np antecedents ' , routledge , 1990 , chapter 6 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the following two respondents quote cases where logophoric and obviative marking occur attached to the verb rather than to the pronoun to which they refer . to me , it seems that these particles are not inflections as such , though i am not sure exactly how i would classify them . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - june wickboldt : jwickbol @ ucs . indiana . edu some languages having logophoric reference mark the reference with verbal affixes , not pronouns or pronominals . two are newari , see karen ebert . 1986 . reported speech in some languages of nepal . in f . coulmas ( ed . ) direct and indirect speech , berlin : mouton de gruyter , and gokana , see hyman , larry m . and bernard comrie . 1981 . logophoric reference in gokana . journal of african languages and linguistics . 3 : 19-37 . brian d joseph ( bjoseph @ magnus . acs . ohio-state . edu ) the algonquian language cree , spoken in canada , has a category known in the literature as """""""" obviative """""""" , which provides a way of distinguishing between different third-persons in a discourse ( the first one mentioned is """""""" proximate """""""" , and the next one mentioned is """""""" obviative """""""" , so cree can distinguish unambiguously between """""""" john met bill as he was walking down the street """""""" where rhe """""""" in english can refer to either john or bill - - in cree it would be unambiguously one or the other ) . for the most part , and this is where it is relevant to you , this marking shows up on the verb ( thus the verb form in the above sentence would be different if it was john walking or bill walking ) ; nouns can show obviative / proximate marking ( though one class , the so-called """""""" inanimate """""""" nouns do not ) , and there are proximate and obviative forms of demonstrative pronouns , but not of the personal pronouns . thus """""""" wi : ya """""""" is ' he / proximate ' as well as ' he / obviative ' . pronouns are not usually expressed in cree , but if you just look at the personal pronouns , then cree would be a language of the sort you were looking for . for that matter , these facts are similar in virtually all the algonquian languages , so it is n't just cree . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - finally , two respondents noted that independent pronouns are not necessarily marked for case in the same way as pronominal affixes . such phenomena do not seem rare to me ( e . g . arabic does the same ) . i am assuming then that such cases are not marked . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - """""""" ellen l . contini - morava """""""" ( elc9j @ faraday . clas . virginia . edu ) in swahili part of the verb morphology is subject and object prefixes , that signal info . about participant role with respect to the action of the verb . this distinction is not made among independent pronouns , which distinguish only person and number . but since the subject and object prefixes in swahili are often called """""""" pronominal """""""" , i do n't know if this counts as a distinction that can't be made by pronouns . simon corston ( corston @ humanitas . ucsb . edu ) in my ma , in press in the pacific linguistics series from anu , i discuss ' ergativity in roviana ' . roviana has special pronominal forms used for absolutive ( s ( 's ubject of intr ' ) or o ( ' object ' ) ) , and different forms for a ( 's ubject of tr ' ) . the pronouns make distinctions in person , number , and incl / ecl for 1pl . there are pronominal verbal affixes on the verb which are always only o . i . e . whereas the independent prons do n't distinguish s / o , the pronominal affixes do . somewhere around here i have a brief sketch of roviana which i have been sending to people . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i found everything very interesting , and am happy to receive any more info on my query above . thanks again to those who responded ! maik gibson university of reading
  """",0
  1183,""""Subject: conference announcement
   
   content - length : 7567 2nd international conference on communication in the workplace local diversity , global connections : communication , culture and business the national languages and literacy institute of australia 's centre for workplace communication and culture at the university of technology , sydney and james cook university of north queensland , together with the national centre for english language teaching and research at macquarie university plan to present the second international conference on communication in the workplace at the wesley centre , sydney on november 8-11 , 1995 . the focus of the conference is local diversity , global connections : communication , culture and business . the conference will be divided into three interconnected themes , one theme on each of the three days . participants will be able to explore areas of special interest within and across each theme . also featuring are case studies including adi marine , infolex pty ltd , optus , selleys , uncle toby 's company ltd . below is an outline of the themes . day 1 globalisation and productive diversity globalisation : what are the new frontiers ? crossing borders and removing boundaries in the current global environment . developing cross-cultural communication skills for global corporate citizens . international business cultures : how do different national styles influence organisations ? negotiating new ways of doing business and managing human resources . total quality management and benchmarking : what do we mean by quality ? or how can the notions of quality and standards allow for difference ? balancing different interpretations of quality with the need to conform to international / australian standards . putting diversity to work : what are the benefits ? tapping into the diverse skills of employees . recognising the depths and breadth of employees ' language skills , experiences , cultural styles and ways of thinking . the language of exporting : how do we market the new global growth industries ? exporting services ( education , languages , tourism , information , arts , etc . ) to the asian pacific region and beyond . day 2 learning organisations - negotiating workplace cultures corporate cultures : how do you link personal values with corporate missions ? creating corporate cultures which allow and value differences . working in teams : which teams work and under what circumstances ? recognising different types of teams ; valuing different skills and strategies . national competencies and multiskilling : how do you recognise , compare and complement different skills and experiences ? linking education , work and community . learning and demonstrating competence in new and flexible ways . creating learning environments : under what conditions does learning thrive ? responding to community and individual needs in flexible ways . enterprise bargaining : how do you cater for differences ? learning to develop new workplace relationships . day 3 communicating and managing change communicating corporate information : what are the implications for employee participation ? developing efficient and effective communication systems . working with formal and informal modes of communication . informal and interpersonal communication : how does the way we speak and write influence working relationships and relationships with clients ? relating effectively to people . working together : how can we gain access to the language and cultural skills of a multicultural workforce ? recognising and utilising the language skills of the workforce . ( languages other than english , specialist languages , community communication networks . ) the language of marketing : how do we meet the needs of a diverse clientele ? speaking the customer 's language , niche marketing , networking and building customer relations . interactive multi-media and new information technologies : what are the implications for the way we work , learn and communicate ? managing new communications media as forms of language and cultural interaction . alternative formats , maximising participation one of the objectives of the second international conference on communication and culture in the workplace is to encourage greater participation than usually occurs at conferences . to make this possible , the conference has a number of new presentation formats , as well as the more conventional formats . - plenary presentations ( 30 mins ) where invited key experts introduce the conference themes and state-of - the-art approaches . - plenary multilogues ( 90 mins ) where an expert panel debates an issue and then opens the discussion to the audience . - small group multilogues ( 45 mins ) where you introduce a controversial proposition related to the conference themes / panel debates and open it up for further discussion in a small group . - reflections on practice ( 45 mins ) where managers , trainers , workers , trainees , teachers , administrators , community educators ' walk through ' their experiences , their practices , their community involvements , their learning-on - the-job . - engagements with practice ( 90 mins ) where presenters actively engage their audiences in activities or experiences derived from their work and interests : management processes , training activities , planning processes , client relations or marketing , evaluation . - workshops - in - partnership ( 90 mins ) where people present in partnership . partners might include : trainers , researchers , managers , administrators , business people , members of the community . workshops require active engagement of the audience in a learning experience . - paper presentations - in - partnership ( 45 mins ) a shorter version of the workshop - in - partnership , but with more of a 's how and tell ' approach , allowing 15 mins for audience questioning . - workshops ( 90 mins ) where you lead a group through a series of experiences / activities which illustrate an idea or a practice . - papers ( 45 mins ) where you present from a prepared paper to a group about your experience or your research , leaving about 15 minutes for questions and discussion . sessions will be taped , and tapes available for sale . written papers , background information on sessions , overhead transparencies etc . will be lodged with the conference secretariat and available for sale in photocopied form . the conference is expected to attract about 500 local and international participants including employers , unions , academics , industry trainers and language teachers . it will provide an opportunity for people to engage in a dialogue about the latest ideas on organisational change , communication and culture . for further information contact the nllia centre for workplace communication and culture , university of technology , sydney . po box 123 , broadway , new south wales , 2007 , australia . tel : + 61 2 330 3926 . email : d . brosnan @ mailbox . uts . edu . au
  """",0
  1184,""""Subject: call for papers : iii national linguistics conference ( mexico )
   
   * * * call for papers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * iii national linguistics conference october 16-18 , 1995 puebla , mexico the asociacion mexicana de linguistica aplicada ( amla ) and the universidad autonoma de puebla , with the participation of various other mexican institutions , are sponsoring the iii national linguistics conference to be held from the 16th to the 18th of october in puebla , pue . ( mexico ) . the congress is of necessity broad in scope since we want it to be a forum for all the linguistic research being carried out in mexico ; therefore papers are invited in all areas of linguistics ( theoretical , descriptive or applied ) as well as the inter-disciplines . however , we particularly welcome papers relevant to the mexican linguistic and sociolinguistic situation ( for example , theoretical or descriptive papers on any variety of spanish or of other languages spoken in mexico , issues of bilingualism and language contact , issues of language standarization , planning and policy ) . in addition to the regular sessions , papers are also invited for a special session on pragmatics which is being organized in preparation for the 5th international pragmatics conference which will be held in mexico city in 1996 . abstracts abstracts are invited for a 20 minute presentation followed by a 10 minute discussion period . requirements for abstracts : abstracts should be anonymous , clearly titled and 300-500 words in length . on a separate page or 3x5 card you should include the following information : 1 ) name , 2 ) title of paper , 3 ) affiliation , 4 ) mailing address , 5 ) e-mail address , 6 ) phone number . abstracts must be received by april 30 , 1995 . mail three copies to the following address : iii congreso nacional de linguistica icsyh - uap maximino avila camacho 208 72000 puebla , pue mexico or send an e-mail submission ( plain ascii ) to : coniii @ siu . cen . buap . mx notification of acceptance will be mailed out in the third week of june . registration fees : pre-registration registration ( paid before september 30th ) ( after september 30th ) general : us $ 25 . 00 us $ 50 . 00 amla members : us $ 15 . 00 us $ 30 . 00 students : us $ 10 . 00 us $ 20 . 00 time schedule : april 30 , 1995 : abstract due june 26 , 1995 : notification of acceptance sept . 30 , 1995 : pre - registration deadline october 16 , 1995 : final manuscript due - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + for further information please write to : rosa graciela montes chair , organizing committee apdo . postal 1356 72001 puebla , pue mexico rmontes @ cca . pue . udlap . mx rmontes @ siu . cen . buap . mx information about accomodations and directions to the conference will be sent in a subsequent message . amla ( asociacion mexicana de linguistica aplicada ) is an affiliate of aila ( international association for applied linguistics )
  """",0
  1185,""""Subject: german text corpora / noun taxonomy
   
   dear linguists , i am looking for german text corpora , particularly corpora that contain parsed ( or at least partially parsed ) sentences . i am also looking for databases containing information about synonymy and hyponymy relations between german nouns or other information which could be usefull to build a classification taxonomy for german nouns . thank you for help . andreas wagner
  """",0
  1186,""""Subject: t id ( aa29536 @ julius . ling . ohio-state . edu ) ; tue ,
   
   21 feb 95 10 : 05 : 20 est does anyone know of a language with the phonotactic patterns listed below ? if so , we 'd appreciate hearing about it . a language which does not allow complex onsets of the type liquid + glide , but does allow other types of onset clusters , e . g . nasal + glide . and / or a language which does not allow complex codas of the type glide + liquid , but does allow other types of coda clusters . thanks , beth hume : ehume @ julius . ling . ohio-state . edu david odden : david _ odden @ osu . edu
  """",0
  1187,""""Subject: query : fonts
   
   i am preparing a long overdue faq about fonts . if you have any information about fonts for the ibm or mac please send it to me at rreck @ emunix . emich . edu and i will see that the information is made availible to the list .
  """",0
  1188,""""Subject: celtic languages learning conference
   
   content - length : 3830 the 1995 conference of the north american association for celtic language teachers : saturday , 25 march 1995 krieder hall san rafael building glendale community college 1500 n . verdugo road glendale , ca 91208 glendale is a suburb of l . a . and the college is accessible north from the 134 fwy or west of the 2 fwy . it 's about 45 minutes from lax . note that there is free parking behind the college near the corner of verdugo and mountain avenue . the proposed schedule reads as follows : 9 : 30am sign in , 10 : 00-12 presentations , 12 - 1pm lunch ( various restaurants are across the street from campus ; the cafeteria will be closed as this will be during spring break ) , 1 - 3 presentations , 4pm closing , 6pm executive committee meeting . naaclt ' 95 will prove to be a day full of thought provoking presentations and an excellent opportunity to meet with other celtic language teachers . the program presently stands as follows : student motivation through journal writing in modern irish roslyn blyn ( university of pennsylvania ) dialects , speech communities and applied linguistics : a realistic approach to the teaching of irish in non-irish speaking areas james j . duran ( loyola marymount university ) teacher certification and less commonly taught languages thomas w . ihde ( bergen community college ) medieval welsh in the mid-pacific : the worksheet as interactive kathryn klingebiel ( university of hawaii - manoa ) computing in irish john t . mccranie ( san francisco state university ) the world wide web for welsh : the world ' s largest welsh classroom mark nodine and briony williams irish language oral assessment test beth ellyn o'mullan ( rutgers university ) , liam guidry and breanda / n mac liam ( brookdale community college ) celtic """""""" mini-courses """""""" zev bar - lev ( san diego state university ) call with methodical explanations gearo / id o / ne / ill and annette mcelligott ( university of limerick ) marketing a second language : the case of the scottish gaelic learning revival in ontario kara smith ( university of western ontario ) video in the irish language classroom nancy stenson ( university of minnesota ) the conference pre-registration fees are : naaclt member $ 10 , non - member $ 15 , membership & conference $ 25 ( $ 20 for students ) . ( normal membership fee is $ 15 / yr , $ 10 / yr for students ) . after 1 march 1995 the conference fees will increase by $ 5 . all concerns should be addressed to john t . mccranie at the department of computer science , san francisco state university , 1600 holloway avenue , san francisco , ca 94132 or jtm @ futon . sfsu . edu . here are some local hotels . there are several near hollywood - burbank airport ( about 17 minutes away ) , among them ramada inn , 2900 north san fernanado road , burbank 818-843 - 5955 ; holiday inn , 150 e angeleno ave , burbank 818-841 - 4770 ; and travelodge , 112 n . hollywood way , burbank 818-845 - 2408 . a little closer ( about 10 minutes away ) and with fewer frills are astro motel , 326 e . colorado blvd , glendale 818-246 - 7401 ; econo lodge , 1437 e . colorado blvd , glendale 818-246 - 8367 ; and best western , 123 w colorado blvd , glendale , 818-247 - 0111 .
  """",0
  1189,""""Subject: sum / qs : first names
   
   content - length : 2926 from wilma elsing , snail-mail elsingw @ jet . let . vu . nl dear linguist - ers ! about a week ago , i sent a query to the list , asking people to help me with the first names of authors which are mentioned in one of the papers in the book on sla research my supervisor ( prof . dr . peter jordens ) is editing . thanks everyone who took the time to respond to my query ! ( untill today i . e . bill croft , geert verleyen , shanley allen , larry trask , julia s . falk , bernd moebius , brian joseph , alice faber , peter j . bailey , stefanie jannedy , james j . jenkins , udo fries , steve harlow , michael job ) most of the ' blanks ' are filled in by now : bailey , peter cherry , e ( dward ) colin cruse , d ( avid ) alan siqueland , einar r . vigorito , james syrdal - lasky , ann polka , linda roach , daniel sendlmeier , una m . zlatin , marsha koenigsknecht , roy there are only four ' problems ' left ; we would be grateful if anyone could help us 's olve ' them ! ( if you know one or more names , please respond directly to me : elsingw @ jet . let . vu . nl ) these are the names we are still looking for : missler , r . missler , r . ( 1986 ) , """""""" analytic and synthetic cognitive functioning : a critical review of evidence bearing on field dependence """""""" , journal of research in personality 20 : 1-33 . rounds , p . l . burmeister , hartmut & p . l . rounds ( eds ) ( 1990 ) , proceedings of the 10th meeting of the second language research forum , i . eugene , or : department of linguistics and american english institute , university of oregon . doron , s . doron , s . ( 1973 ) , reflectivity - impulsivity and their influence on reading for adult students of esl [ unpublished paper , university of michigan , ann arbor kachroo , j . n . kachroo , j . n . ( 1962 ) , """""""" report on an investigation into the teaching of vocabulary in the first year of english """""""" , bulletin of he central institute of english 2 : 67-72 . there are two more questions i would like to ask : * does anybody know whether the following book has already appeared ? strange , winifred ( in press ) , speech perception and linguistic experience : theoretical and methodological issues in cross - language speech research . timonium , md : york press . * we do n't have the following book in the libraries , therefor we are not able to find the page-numbers of the following article : rizzi , luigi ( 1978 ) , """""""" violation of the wh-island constraint in italian and the subjacency condition """""""" in : colette dubuisson , david lightfoot , yves charles morin ( eds ) ( 1978 ) , montreal working papers in linguistics ii . montreal : l ' association linguistique de montreal , canada , p . . . . - . . . . thanks again for your help ! wilma elsing ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ drs . wilma elsing free university dept . of applied linguistics de boelelaan 1105 1081 hv amsterdam tel . : + 31 20 4446410 mail : elsingw @ jet . let . vu . nl ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
  """",0
  1190,""""Subject: about e . h . tuttle ( sumary )
   
   some weeks ago i posted a query about e . h . tuttle . thanks to : pier marco bertinetto karl v . teeter julia s . falk jane edwards my best regards . here are the references i received : + edwin hotchkiss tuttle ( 1879 - ? ) : 1 ) autor of : _ dravidian developements _ , philadelphia : linguistic society of america , 1930 . 2 ) foundation member of the linsuitic society of america ( in 1925 ) . + e . h . tuttle and co . : publisher located in tokyo and vermont , specialized in books on japan . existed at least into 1960s . + e . h . tuttle was probably a e . f . tuttle 's ( professor in romance linguistic , ucla ) relative . xulio sousa department of galician language university of santiago de compostela galicia spain e-mail : fgxsousa @ uscmail . usc . es
  """",0
  1191,""""Subject: addendum to coston 's object affixes
   
   in his summary of object affixes ( linguist list : vol-6 - 235 . fri 17 feb 1995 ) , simon corston observes : languages with object affixes but which lack affixes indicating other grammatical relations do occur , but would appear to be uncommon . that , however , really depends on what we mean by object affixes ( and subject affixes for that matter ) . so - called subject and object affixes fall into three types : ( i ) nonreferential / nonanaphoric agreement markers ; ( ii ) ' functionally ambiguous ' agreement markers ( i . e . functioning as both nonreferential / nonanaphoric agreement markers and anaphoric / referential markers depending on the context ) ( bresnan and mchombo 1987 ) ; and ( iii ) anaphoric or referential markers . the nuclear micronesian group provides an interesting case for the foregoing distinction . for instance , in woleaian , the subject markers are independent words , whereas the object markers are suffixes . but they are both functionally ambiguous agreement markers . in kusaiean , the subject and object markers are also independent words and suffixes , respectively . but they are all referential pronouns . for more detailed discussion of the nuclear micronesian languages see my paper : ' the verb - object bonding principle : with special reference to nuclear micronesian languages ' ( see refs below ) . if the complexity in subject and object affixes ( viz . the three types mentioned above ) is disregarded , probably corston 's observation may hold . but if only anaphoric / referential subject and object markers are taken into account , it may be a different story . in fact , in the same paper i have used a small convenience sample of 40 languages to ascertain whether the verb - object bonding principle ( as proposed in tomlin 1986 : ' a transitive verb and its object form a more cohesive , unified syntactic and semantic whole than do a transitive verb and its subject ' ) is evident in the pronominal system as well : e . g . object pronouns are more tightly bonded to the verb than subject pronouns are . the upshot of this investigation is that object pronouns ( e . g . affixes ) are more tightly bonded to the verb than subject pronouns ( e . g . independent words ) . this suggests that insofar as referential / anaphoric markers are concerned , ' languages with object affixes but which lack affixes indicating other grammatical relations ' may be crosslinguistically common , rather than uncommon . refereneces bresnan j . and s . mchombo 1987 . topic , pronoun , and agreement in chichewa . language 63 : 741-782 . givon , t . 1976 . topic , pronoun , and grammatical agreement . in subject and topic , ed . by c . n . li , pp . 149-188 . new york : academic press . tomlin , r . s . 1986 . basic word order : functional principles . london : croom helm . song , j . j . 1994 . the verb - object bonding principle : with special reference to nuclear micronesian languages . oceanic linguistics 33 . 2 ( in press ) . jae jung song university of otago new zealand
  """",0
  1192,""""Subject: asl dictionary on cd-rom
   
   my recent query concerning the new american sign language ( asl ) dictionary on cd-rom generated a substantial response , both from this list and from slling - l . i have summarized the main points of these responses below . please bear in mind that i have not seen the products in question . the dictionary reviewed on pbs is the american sign language dictionary on cd-rom by martin sternberg and is distributed by harpercollins . the following is the positive point that recurs in people 's messages : - - it is at the moment the only published asl dictionary that includes motion videos of asl signs , which serves to disambiguate unclarities in printed representations . the following are the negative points that recur in people 's messages : - - the dictionary is based too heavily on english , being essentially an english - to - asl dictionary . this both makes it hard ( at times , impossible ) to get an idea of the internal structure of the asl lexicon , and makes it less useful to native signers . ( there is , however , some categorization into semantic groups . ) there are also more specific problems arising from the failure to make asl distinctions that are not made overtly in english ( e . g . english """""""" lecture """""""" is used as a headword , while the asl equivalent is specifically a verb , not a noun ; classifiers are almost completely omitted ) . - - the dictionary is based on sternberg 's book-form dictionary of the early 1980s , and fails to take account of recent developments in the study of asl . - - there may be technical quality concerns , but since i have n't seen the product i ' m not in a position to judge . it seems to work better on more modern machines , and the mac version seems to work better than the windows version . alternatives : the following other cd-rom asl dictionary projects were drawn to my attention : - - multemedia dictionary of asl ( mm-dasl ) , release planned for summer of 1995 . this dictionary is based generally on the work of william stokoe ( who is involved in the project ) . it allows direct lookup of asl signs , incorporates recent linguistic work on asl , and is assisted by a panel of native asl users . for details , please contact sherman wilcox , university of new mexico ( wilcox @ mail . unm . edu ) . - - asl dictionary on cd-rom developed by dennis cokely at linstok press , 4020 blackburn lane , burtonsville , md 20866 , and alpha and beta tested by ken rust at madonna university , who should be contacted for further details ( rust @ smpt . munet . edu ) . thanks to : jacqueline anderson , nancy frishberg , marian macchi , mark a . mandell , joyce mcdonough , chris miller , karen mistry , becky moreton , cindy neuroth - gimbrone , steve seegmiller , mark seidenberg , barbara sensiba , dan slobin , leslie h . stennes , sherman wilcox , and the authors of the many messages that were forwarded to me from slling - l . - - bernard comrie dept of linguistics gfs-301 tel + 1 213 740 2986 university of southern california fax + 1 213 740 9306 los angeles , ca 90089-1693 , usa e-mail comrie @ bcf . usc . edu
  """",0
  1193,""""Subject: query on physical appearance of words
   
   content - length : 1535 we are a group of environmental scientists who have been pondering a question . has anyone done research on emotional responses to the * physical appearance * of words or groups of letters ? for example , ' toxic ' , 'd ioxin ' or the ' oxi ' combination . why do people have a fear of 'd ioxin ' but not ' furan ' ( another toxic chemical ) . obviously , some reaction is created by the media , but is there something else involved ? do certain combinations of letters ( e . g . ' oxi ' ) elicit an emotional response ? has anyone done research on this , or know of anyone involved with psycholinguistics or semiotics who might be familiar with this topic ? will summarize for list . thanks for any assistance . joyce lundstrom epidemiologist eti 600 stewart st , # 700 seattle , wa 98101 etilib @ halcyon . com
  """",0
  1194,""""Subject: shanghaihua speakers wanted
   
   content - length : 967 i am looking for speakers of shanghaihua who would be willing to answer a short questionnaire about the uses of shanghaihua and putonghua in shanghai . please contact me at awilliam @ reed . edu thanks for any assistance , ashley williams
  """",0
  1195,""""Subject: discontinuous constituency
   
   i am currently reviewing literature on the subject of discontinuous constituency and would like to get my hands on work that : 1 ) discusses some of the larger theoretical issues at stake , and / or 2 ) uses the notion of discontinuous constituency to describe languages other than english ( e . g . , amy dahlstrom 's article on discontinuous constituents in fox ) . if anyone could point me towards some references , i would be greatly appreciative . sincerely , stuart robinson reed college
  """",0
  1196,""""Subject: interim summary : anthropoid linguistic ability
   
   in linguist 5-1467 ( 18 dec . 1994 ) , i posted the following query : ) douglas h . chadwick , in his review of kanzi : the ape at the brink of the ) human mind , by sue savage - rumbaugh and roger lewin ( nytimes book review , ) dec . 11 , 1994 , pp . 15-19 ) , says , ) ) ) . . . this goes a long way toward countering the complaint that language - ) ) using apes are merely responding to cues from researchers or , at best , ) ) learning rote behavior to get rewards without really comprehending the ) ) meaning of the words they employ . . . . part of the problem is that the ) ) authors are playing by rules laid down by their critics . it was rene ) ) descartes . . . who fashioned the longstanding paradigm of animals as ) ) automatons [ sic ] , incapable of doing anything other than mindlessly ) ) responding to whatever forces impinge on them . descartes insisted that ) ) animals cannot even feel real pain or pleasure , much less understand or ) ) remember the experience . . . . in our era , this tradition has been carried ) ) on by linguistics experts equally intent on preserving language and rea - ) ) son for the exclusive use of humans . each time an ape demonstrates ei - ) ) ther ability , the linguists set about redefining language and reason in ) ) more complex and confusing ways , erecting yet more artificial barriers ) ) for primates to hurdle . ) ) excuse me , is this something i ' ve missed in my seven years of grad school ) and subsequent four years of professional activity in linguistics ? are ) we deliberately engaged in a dastardly plot to deny our anthropoid cou - ) sins their birthright ? psycholinguistics has never been one of my fortes , ) but i certainly do n't remember anything in the introductory survey cour - ) ses i ' ve taken myself or developed to teach to others anything so much as ) hinting that it is an a priori assumption of the field of linguistics ) that language is the exclusive prerogative of homo sapiens , only that ) it 's an important part of the package that defines that species . ) ) i remember enthusiastically inflated claims made back in the 50 's about ) the forseeable progress in computer technology - - predictions as to how ) quickly we would get computers that could not only converse with us in ) real time in some given human language ( default : english ) but whop any ) human being in chess as well . as all ai researchers know , it soon became ) clear that these predictions were based in part on an oversimplified ) notion of what constituted language ( if i remember correctly , some ) premises were on the level of edgar rice - burroughs ' endowing his heroes ) with a 's pectacular ability to master alien languages ' that consisted of ) an ability to memorize a dictionary ) . and i understand that many claims ) about ' ape language ' , and the rebuttals from the community of linguists , ) have been at similar levels . but it seems to me that this is quite ) different from the scenario in which the academic linguist , threatened by ) the physical anthropologist , mutters , ' hmm ; so far we ' ve felt safe with ) this definition of linguistic competence , but this chimp has mastered ) that . we ' ll have to change the definition if we want to avoid miscege - ) nation ! ' , which is apparently what chadwick is envisioning . ) ) now , i daresay there may be individual linguists who do react this way , ) just as in previous eras there were scientists who would from time to ) time redefine the standards of what constituted full humanity . or civi - ) lization , or what have you , to maintain the claim that whatever it was , ) the native peoples of africa and the western hemisphere did n't have it . ) but i certainly do n't , and i ' m not aware of any of my colleagues that ) do insist , as the sectional headline in the nyt book review has it , ' on ) keeping language and reason for humans alone ' ( i ' m also a little be - ) mused at this conflation of language and reason ; language has never ) struck me as an entirely ' rational ' process ) , much less that , as chadwick ) and , by derivation , said headline imply , that as a professional class we ) are unanimous in doing so . ) ) i ' m considering writing a letter to the editor to complain about this ; if ) anybody else has already done so , please let me know . but what i really ) want to know is , what is the current general consensus ( if there is one ) of ) the field on this subject ? are the claims in the savage - rumbaugh & lewin ) book anent kanzi 's linguistic ability valid ? or is some further clari - ) fication in order ? is it just that some researchers in this area have ) a ( perhaps understandable ) chip on their shoulder ? or is there a real ) conflict between theoretical linguists on the one hand and physical an - ) thropologists and primatologists on the other on this subject ? first of all , david pesetsky did write a letter to the new york times , which was published in the dec . 25 issue of the times book review , and i refer all interested parties to it ( for some reason , i can't find my copy at the moment ) . secondly , i 'd like to thank the following scholars who got in touch with me over the holidays to discuss this issue , discussion to be summarized below : john h . chalmers ( non12 @ cyber . net ) dick hudson ( uclrah @ ucl . ac . uk ) massimo piattelli - palmarini ( piattem @ dipsco . hsr . it ) tom j . pulju ( pulju @ ricevm1 . rice . edu ) harold schiffman ( haroldfs @ u . washington . edu ) discussion proceeded along two logically distinct questions : ( 1 ) what is currently the most accurate assessment of the ' linguistic performance ' , ( and , by inference , linguistic ability ) of the anthropoids ? ( 2 ) why are such people as the gardners , savage - rumbaugh , chadwick , etc . so irritated at us ? on the first question , all of my respondents , as well as david pesetsky , seem to be agreed that the most impressive ' linguistic ' performance of chimps and gorillas reported in the literature is at a level roughly equi - valent to that of a human child of approximately two years of age , but that the anthropoids seem to be unable to develop beyond that stage . in particular , they show no evidence for syntactic structure , nor for any ability to distance themselves temporally or spatially from the referents of their statements . i received statements such as the following : ' the most successful of the apes have managed to reach more or less the level of children in the two-word utterance stage . the size of the lexi - con is about the same , as is the combinatory ability . ' ' the apes master a refined system of communication , and are capable of some abstract thinking , but lack the very fundamentals of human language ( recursiveness , structure-dependency , parsing into constituents , etc . ) . ' ' the chimps mostly have a lexicon , and a rudimentary syntax that lets them distinguish between actor and patient , but that 's about all . . . . the chimps ( a ) have no morphology to speak of ( b ) can't use displacement of the message ( i . e . , can't talk about the past or future , or something that happens / ed in another location ) ' [ at a venture , i would guess that they can't handle contrafactuals either . ] ' it is claimed that the ape """""""" utterances """""""" lack grammaticality or syntax . the apes can make the correct symbolic associations , but have no sense of grammatical patterning . in two and three """""""" word """""""" sentences , the order of the elements is variable and each element maybe repeated any number of times in any order and independently of the rest ( sequences like give banana give kanzi kanzi banana kanzi give , etc . ) ' one of my respondents , partly on the basis of hanns own occasionally frus - trating experiences resulting from the geographical proximity of an insti - tution presumably devoted to the 's tudy ' of anthropoid language , made some critical statements about the scientific methodology of some of this research . in particular , after referring to hockett 's 16 'd esign fea - tures ' of language , hann remarks : ' the proponents ' claim that [ chimps ] do have cultural transmission , because washo taught her son , does n't bear up under much scrutiny ; washo had to be rewarded to learn every sign and her son has not learned as many , nor passed them on to any other chimp . i see what the chimps learned as the equivalent of a pidgin ; but creoliza - tion never took place . ' which implies ( 1 ) that anthropoid ' language ' ac - tually corresponds to the skinnerian model refuted by chomsky in his fa - mous review as regards human language and ( 2 ) that it is not sufficiently ' natural ' to the anthropoids for them to feel motivated to transmit it successfully . some of my respondents addressed some of the wider theoretical and metho - dological issues relevant to linguistics implicit in this discussion . one opined ' that some dismissal of ape language research is partly , and unconsciously , motivated by a turf-protection instinct . we ' re all alrea - dy uneasy about the fact that there are certain subfields of linguistics whose importance we acknowledge but which we ' re not personally terribly well-versed in . . . . i think many theoretical linguists breathed a sigh of relief when terrace announced that [ the chimp ] nim had n't really learned human language at all . it meant that they did n't have to worry about mo - difying their theories to fit ape language data . ' another said , ' most linguists do n't really care ( at least not consciously ) about whether apes can learn language as such , but they do care deeply about whether lan - guage is """""""" sui generis """""""" and innate or not . . . . as far as linguists are concerned , we ' re divided over chomsky 's claim that language is a geneti - cally-programmed module , rather than an area of knowledge which is han - dled by general cognition . if apes can't learn language at all , that supports the chomskyan view ( which presumably involves some cataclysmic mutation say 100 , 000 years ago , or at least since we split off from the other primates ) . if they can learn some of it , we have evidence for ge - neral cognition ( where apes are presumably less well endowed than us , so you 'd expect partial success ) . ' in further discussion we agreed that this argument only held if we accept a 's trong ' version of the relevant dichotomy implicit in the innateness hypothesis , according to which human linguistic ability is overwhelmingly if not completely independent of general human cognition . i pointed out that even if chimps are demonstrably distinct from us on a genetic level they still share over 98 % of our dna . so even if they share some of our linguistic ability it might mean that they also share some of the distinc - tive genetic endowment that provides it . a more effective test would be on cetaceans or pachyderms , which are nowhere as nearly related to us as chimps are but which appear to have roughly comparable cognitive levels . if they also share a certain amount of our linguistic ability , that would indicate that at least that amount is probably dependent more on general cognitive ability than on any specific genetic endowment . if chimps , dolphins , elephants , whatever , can't master human language but have other modes of communication * not isomorphic * with ours but of * comparable com - plexity and flexibility * , then this would give us the opportunity to stu - dy how much of human language is necessary to the general phenomenon of language and how much is incidental and of relevance only to our species ; it might also enable us to talk about the ' innateness ' of human linguistic ability in terms that would not be offputting to geneticists . on the second question , the basis for the irritation towards academic lin - guists on the part of the proponents of anthropoid language , there was some consensus that they were working with an overly simplistic concep - tion of what constitutes language , and were offended that we refused to share it . typical were the following remarks : ' all the [ proponents ] of animal language , and of its continuity with hu - man language , assume that human natural languages simply * are * the result of communication and use . . . . the basic design of human languages is * not * dictated by use , and we can easily conceive of species that would possess a * radically * different design for language and would communicate just as well , if not better . ' ' the gardners et al . have an extremely elementary grasp of what is real language . they think that if they have a lexicon and bare syntax , that 's all there is . their other argument , that the apes have """""""" real """""""" sign lan - guage , is also pitiful . . . . the approach trivializes both oral languages and sign languages . ' there was , however , some acknowledgment that some of the ' blame ' for this state of affairs belongs on our doorstep . the ' trivialization ' just men - tioned was claimed to be due at least in part to inadequacies in state - ments by linguists in the 50 's and 60 's . one respondent in particular pointed to an inveterate tendency to try to identify a single , defining , characteristic as the sine qua non of human linguistic ability , rather than accepting the fact that such important distinctions are often proper - ly made on the basis of mosaics of characteristics . in particular , much research in anthropoid ' language ' has apparently focussed on the ability of chimps and gorillas to coin novel expressions , unanticipated by their human teachers / handlers , on the basis of a finite number of memorized ' lexemes ' and some basic combinatorial principles . this effort has suppo - sedly been motivated by early assertions by academic linguists that what distinguishes human language from all other forms of animal communication is its creative ability . when the gardners , etc . , demonstrate that their apes are capable of similar creativity and we then say , ' very nice but that 's not language ' , they are understandably miffed . in response to this , i think what is necessary is greater tact , humility , and honesty on all our parts . we need to admit up front that we ( or our predecessors ) have oversimplified in the past , and give credit to the ape researchers for helping to elucidate the issues . and we need to make it clear that what chimps , gorillas , and two-year - old humans share is in some sense a * rudimentary * linguistic ability , but not equivalent to what adult humans do . in short , we need to increase everybody 's awareness of the inherent rich - ness and complexity of human linguistic behaviour , which to my mind means we need to devote more time and energy to introductory courses in general linguistics ! harold schiffman reports some encouraging success in this direction with a course on linguistic anthropology at the university of washington . further discussion on the issues raised here is welcome , either in perso - nal communication with me or in general discussion on the list . i hope in the not too distant to be able to post a short list of references to published literature on this subject . best , steven - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dr . steven schaufele 712 west washington urbana , il 61801 217-344 - 8240 fcosws @ prairienet . org * * * * o syntagmata linguarum liberemini humanarum ! * * * * * * nihil vestris privari nisi obicibus potestis ! * * *
  """",0
  1197,""""Subject: summary : """""""" grasshopper mind """"""""
   
   short answer : """""""" grasshopper mind """""""" is british english , not japanese - english . summary answer : thanks to those linguist readers who responded to my query ( 5 . 1431 , 94 / 12 / 11 ) about """""""" grasshopper mind , """""""" an expression that is entered into kenkyusha 's japanese - english and english - japanese dictionaries ( 1974 , 1980 ) and roget 's thesaurus ( 1982 ) , but apparently not found in any monolingual english dictionaries . the respondents , in alphabetical order , were : deborah milam berkley , marie egan , ted harding , steven schaufele , steve seegmiller , todd sieling , and stephen p . spackman . the inquiry asked four questions : ) do other english language reference works enter """""""" the grasshopper mind """""""" ? ) is it a varietal or dialectal term ? when was it first recorded ? are ) there analogous """""""" grasshoppery """""""" words in other languages ? ( 1 ) looking up """""""" grasshopper mind """""""" in english dictionaries is a lexicographical dead end . i ' ve checked dozens - - including old and new , standard and slang , uk and us , - - and not one enters it . some larger dictionaries record a derogatory sense of _ grasshopper _ ; e . g . , the new shorter oxford english dictionary ( 1993 ) : """""""" 2 . _ fig . _ a person held to resemble a grasshopper in character or behaviour ; an inconstant , flighty , or frivolous person . l16 . """""""" and the near-synonym """""""" grasshopper brain """""""" is webster 's third new international dictionary ( 1971 ) usage example for _ grasshopper _ meaning 3 . 2 """""""" light and frivolous : untouched by care for the future . """""""" ( 2 ) harding definitively answers the second question : ) """""""" grasshopper mind """""""" is well-known standard uk english usage . to say ) someone """""""" has a grasshopper mind """""""" means that their focus of attention ) jumps unpredictably from subject to random subject . none of the other respondents , including three widely-dispersed speakers of american english ( berkley , egan , seegmiller ) , had seen or heard this collocation , but all agreed they could readily understand what it means . in terms of _ grasshopper _ meaning ' frivolous , careless , ' the semantics of """""""" grasshopper mind """""""" are fairly self-explanatory . ( 3 ) dating the """""""" grasshopper mind """""""" coinage is moot . harding says : ) i ' m sure it 's not particularly recent in origin . . . . i ' m pretty sure it ) must be possible to trace early uses of the phrase """""""" grasshopper mind . """""""" sieling suggests checking aesop 's """""""" the ant and the grasshopper , """""""" and funk & wagnalls new standard dictionary ( 1913 ) defines _ grasshoppering _ as : """""""" 1 . an unsettled and unsteady course of life ; improvident living : from the fable of the grasshopper and the ant . """""""" ( 4 ) """""""" grasshopper mind """""""" has cross-linguistic analogues . schaufele describes it as : ) like all those complex words in german that you can't find in ) any dictionary but which are crafted for the nonce by completely ) productive strategies and are perfectly understandable to any ) reasonably-intelligent speaker of the language ( i had to coin one ) of these myself the other day , ' lehrgangsprotokoll ' , to mean what ) we mean here by a 's chool transcript ' ) . spackman thinks """""""" grasshopper mind """""""" reads like a loan translation of a foreign expression , and mentions an interesting ojibwa calque : ) the phrase """""""" fire stick """""""" which has been given in novels and movies ) to ignorant american natives is apparently a literal , morpheme-by - ) morpheme translation of the ojibwa word for a gun . except for one ) thing : it 's not stupid . """""""" fire """""""" here translates """""""" launch a projectile """""""" ) and """""""" stick """""""" is the classifier for a rigid rod . """""""" rigid projectile ) launcher """""""" is not so snappy , but a rather tighter word than """""""" gun """""""" ) do n't you think ? the semantically transparent """""""" grasshopper mind """""""" reveals a lexicographical gap between english dictionaries published in the united states and the united kingdom . while unknown to most american anglophones and familiar to many uk anglophones , lexicographers have overlooked this metaphor for orthopterous mentality . modern lexicography is benefiting from computerized corpora and machine-readable dictionaries . for instance , searching for adjectival _ grasshopper _ + noun combinations in cobuilddirect 's on-line corpus ( direct @ cobuild . collins . co . uk ) reveals three occurrences of """""""" grasshopper mind , """""""" two of """""""" grasshopper warbler , """""""" and one each of """""""" grasshopper leap , """""""" """""""" weather , """""""" and """""""" nijinsky . """""""" many dictionaries enter _ grasshopper warbler _ ( locustella naevia , characterized by its buzzing call ) but none _ grasshopper mind _ . further research is necessary . any information about this expression 's historical origins or distributional usages ( seegmiller asks about australian english ) would be gratefully welcomed . michael carr , otaru university of commerce , otaru 047 japan email carr @ canal . otaru-uc . ac . jp fax 81 + ( 0 ) 134-22 - 0467
  """",0
  1198,""""Subject: software for an experimental mt system
   
   hi subscribers of linguist list , information and software of the experimental mt system of the project kit-fast from the technical university of berlin is now available via www and ftp . the information below is available via www : http : / / www . cs . tu-berlin . de / ~ ww / mtsystem . html this www document contains all hypertext links , which are relevant in order to get the software , documentation and further information . the experimental mt system is implemented in prolog and running on at compatible pc as well as sun workstations ( see below ) . the experimental mt system of the project kit-fast = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = an experimental mt system has been developed and implemented by the project fast within the project group kit . the transfer-based experimental mt system translates german texts into english sentence by sentence . the translation of a sentence consists of morphological , syntactical , semantical and conceptual analysis , transfer , generation and morphological synthesis . the semantic and conceptual analysis , the transfer as well as the generation is realized by one algorithm on the basis of term-rewriting ( known from the automatic provement of equations ) . a module for the evaluation of anaphoric relations of the source language and the kl-one based knowledge representation system back are components of the mt system . the back system is used for the representation of background knowledge in its tbox and of the text content in its abox . the evaluation algorithm uses the representation of the text content in order to check the semantic consistency of possible antecedents for anaphoric pronouns . this factor and others are defined as parameters for the evaluation algorithm . the components of the mt system + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + o morphological analyser based on the sutra system o gpsg parser for direct interpretation of id rules , lp statements and metarules o term-rewrite rule interpreter for semantic and conceptual analysis , transfer and generation o morphological synthesizer based on the sutra system o module for the evaluation of anaphoric relations o the knowledge representation system back o tools for the development of lexicons , grammars and term-rewrite systems linguistic data + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + linguistic data was developed in order to translate a german text , which is """""""" the proposal of the european commission for the esprit programme """""""" . about 100 sentences were successfully tested with the help of the mt system . the linguistic data comprises : o a german grammar ( gpsg ) : - 22 main categories , 34 features - 22 aliases - 76 id rules - 23 lp statements - 5 metarules - 23 fcrs - 265 lexical entries ( stem forms ) o 134 term-rewrite rules for semantic analysis ( german ) o 37 term-rewrite rules for conceptual analysis ( german ) o 248 term-rewrite rules for transfer ( german - - ) english ) o 182 term-rewrite rules for generation ( english ) o 8 factors for the evaluation of anaphoric relations in german : 1 . agreement 2 . binding 3 . proximity 4 . preference for the semantic subject 5 . topic preference 6 . identity of roles 7 . negative preference for free adjuncts 8 . conceptual consistency o the predefined background knowledge comprises selectional restrictions implementation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + the mt system is implemented in quintus - prolog 3 . 1 ( commercial software ) and swi - prolog 1 . 9 . 5 ( public domain software ) . both prolog dialects are running on sun workstations under sunos and at compatible pcs under dos ( windows 3 . 1 ) . the mt system is tested for quintus - and swi - prolog under sunos and under swi - prolog under windows 3 . 1 and needs about 10 mb of hard disk space . in order to get the software for the mt system running on at compatible pcs under dos ( windows 3 . 1 ) see http : / / www . cs . tu-berlin . de / ~ ww / mtdos . html . if you are interested in receiving the software for the mt system for sun workstations under sunos see http : / / www . cs . tu-berlin . de / ~ ww / mtsun . html . documents related to the mt system + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + o birte schmitz , susanne preu _ , christa hauenschild """""""" textreprdsentation und hintergrundwissen f | r die anaphernresolution im maschinellen \ bersetzungssystem kit-fast """""""" kit - report 93 , institute for software and theoretical cs , technical university of berlin 1992 and in : m . kohrt , ch . k | per ( eds . ) , """""""" probleme der \ bersetzungswissenschaft """""""" , working papers in linguistics , department for linguistics , technical university of berlin 1991 , p . 39-81 o christa hauenschild """""""" anapherninterpretation in der maschinellen \ bersetzung """""""" kit - report 94 , institute for software and theoretical cs , technical university of berlin 1992 and zeitschrift f | r literaturwissenschaft und linguistik 84 ( 1991 ) , vandenhoeck & ruprecht , p . 50-66 o susanne preu _ , birte schmitz , christa hauenschild """""""" anaphora resolution based on semantic and conceptual knowledge """""""" in : susanne preu _ , birte schmitz , """""""" workshop on textrepresentation and domain modelling - ideas from linguistics and ai """""""" , kit - report 97 , institute for software and theoretical cs , technical university of berlin 1992 , p . 1-13 o wilhelm weisweber """""""" transfer in machine translation by non - confluent term - rewrite systems """""""" proceedings of the gwai-89 , eringerfeld 1989 , p . 264-269 o wilhelm weisweber , christa hauenschild """""""" a model of multi - level transfer for machine translation and its partial realization """""""" kit - report 77 , institute for software and theoretical cs , technical university of berlin 1990 and to appear in : proceedings of the seminar """""""" computers & translation ' 89 """""""" , tiflis 1989 o wilhelm weisweber """""""" term - rewriting as a basis for a uniform architecture in machine translation """""""" proceedings of the coling-92 , nantes 1992 , p . 777-783 and extended version in kit - report 101 , institute for software and theoretical cs , technical university of berlin 1992 o christa hauenschild , stephan busemann """""""" a constructive version of gpsg for machine translation """""""" in : erich steiner , paul schmidt , cornelia zellinsky - wibbelt ( eds . ) , """""""" from syntax to semantics - insights from machine translation """""""" , frances pinter , london 1988 , p . 216-238 o wilhelm weisweber """""""" ein dominanz - chart - parser f | r generalisierte phrasenstrukturgrammatiken """""""" kit - report 45 , institute for software and theoretical cs , technical university of berlin 1987 o wilhelm weisweber , susanne preu _ """""""" """""""" direct parsing with metarules proceedings of the coling-92 , nantes 1992 , p . 1111-1115 and extended version in kit - report 102 , institute for software and theoretical cs , technical university of berlin 1992 o wilhelm weisweber """""""" termersetzung als basis f | r eine einheitliche architektur in der maschinellen sprach | bersetzung """""""" sprache un information band 28 , niemeyer , t | bingen 1994 o wilhelm weisweber """""""" the experimental mt system system of the project kit-fast """""""" proceedings of the international conference """""""" machine translation : ten years on """""""" , cranfield 1994 , p . 12 . 1-12 . 19 user and system documentation : o wilhelm weisweber """""""" implementierungs - und benutzerhandbuch des experimentellen berliner m \ - systems """""""" kit - report 116 , institute for software and theoretical cs , technical university of berlin 1994 the list of available kit reports can be found at http : / / www . cs . tu-berlin . de / ~ kit / reportliste / kitlistehtml . html . further information + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + wilhelm weisweber technical university of berlin department of computer sciences institute for software and theoretical computer sciences ( isti ) functional and logic programming ( flp ) sekr . : fr 6-10 franklinstr . 28 / 29 d-10587 berlin - charlottenburg federal republic of germany fon : + 49-30 - 314-73608 fax : + 49-30 - 314-73622 e - mail : ww @ cs . tu-berlin . de www : http : / / www . cs . tu-berlin . de / ~ ww /
  """",0
  1199,""""Subject: language policy
   
   admittedly , i ' m coming in on the middle of this discussion , having missed the earlier messages . however , i was struck by m . hale 's disturbing feelings about """""""" references to such ( non-linguistic ) issues as """""""" citizenship """""""" and """""""" ethnicity """""""" """""""" . how can you manage a language planning project without taking into consideration such non-linguistic factors , in addition to a study of language attitudes , government policies past and present , language of education and social mobility , etc . etc . ? and something else to think about perhaps . . . while the language planner ( s ) might not favor legal restrictions outright , the legal promotion of a language or languages , which seems like the opposite course , could actually lead to unofficial restrictions of the other language ( s ) . someone mentioned the case of spanish and english in the us . last week i heard a radio ( npr ? ) news report that some monolingual english speakers can't find work in the miami area because they do n't speak spanish ( the report was in reference to a politician 's support of making english the official language of the us ) . at a national / federal level , one could argue that spanish is a minority language ; at a local / city level , one could argue that it is not . do we have here a case of the promotion of spanish leading to unofficial restrictions on english - speakers , at least at a city level , in terms of employment opportunities ? my point is that the definition of """""""" minority language """""""" is going to depend on the specific situation . i am currently involved in a small-scale language planning project ( in the capacity of director ) and the toughest decisions i come across have to do with the """""""" non-linguistic """""""" factors : the people , the emotions , the feelings and the ideas they have towards the other people who do n't speak their language . even a small project is extremely complex . deborah du bartell , ph . d . linguistics program edinboro university of pennsylvania edinboro , pa 16444 usa 814-732 - 2736
  """",0
  1200,""""Subject: words that are their own op
   
   regarding words that are their own opposites i ' ve thought of an example - the word 's hame ' in aboriginal english and standard australian english . for example , in the paul kelly ( standard australian english ) song , """""""" special treatment """""""" he describes an aboriginal boy who has had his family 's history hidden from him ( pushed off land , put in chains , children stolen etc etc ) as """""""" i was raised in shame """""""" . this is a negative description - he was made to feel bad about himself . in alice springs aboriginal english , being brought up with shame would be the ' right way ' to be brought up . having ' no shame ' indicates the wrong behaviour in the circumstances , that 's when you should feel bad about yourself ! this 's hift ' in meaning is due to the substrate languages having a word that people translate into 's hame ' in english , when that 's not exactly what is meant , eg ' apure ' , eastern arrernte , and ' kurnta ' in warlpiri . this has been discussed by jean harkins in the australian journal of linguistics , and in her book """""""" into another world """""""" . so . . . what does it mean to be shameless ? sue morrish , teacher linguist , institute for aboriginal development , alice springs northern territory , australia 0870 .
  """",0
  1201,""""Subject: 
   
   discourse levinsohn , stephen h . ; discourse features of ten languages of west-central africa ; pb . ; isbn : 0-88312 - 619 - 2 ; ix , 241pp . ; $ 30 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics and university of texas arlington . twelve contributers describe discourse features of ten niger - congo and chadic languages of cameroon and bordering countries , using data that includes folktales and other narratives . discussions include how coherence is maintained , participant reference , and markers of prominence and backgrounding . internet : academic . books @ sil . org discourse ; africa pragmatics rudanko , juhani . 1993 . pragmatic approaches to shakespeare . essays on othello , coriolanus and timon of athens . lanham , new york and london : the university press of america . field : pragmatics and its application to literature . the book develops methods of linguistic pragmatics that can , it is suggested , be applied to the study of dramatic dialogue in three shakespearean tragedies . as far as othello is concerned , the methods applied include topic analysis and case grammar analysis , the latter applied to soliloquies ; in the case of coriolanus there is a focus on speech act analysis , and as for timon of athens , it is proposed that politeness theory sheds light on themes of the play . it is argued that the practical application of methods of linguistic pragmatics contributes to a better understanding of the three plays as dramatic works of art and also leads to the further refinement of the methods themselves as tools of analysis . syntax the malfrfpirannssknir ( linguist research ) series : volume i : fridrik magnusson : kjarnafaersla og tad-innskot i aukasetningum i islensku ( topicalization and tad-insertion in subordinate clauses in icelandic ) . prize : usd 14 . the main theme of this work is a study on topicalization and tad-insertion in icelandic , the author giving a great many examples to support his theory . he works whitin the generative tradition , and begins the book with an introducion on generative grammar and x ' - theory . he also examines word order in icelandic and related languages and the methods of describing it . volume ii : eirikur rognvaldsson : um ordarod og faerslur i islensku ( on word order and movement in icelandic ) . prize : usd 14 . the author 's main subject is positional transformations in icelandic . he begins by giving an account of the basic structure of icelandic sentences , and then turns to movement , topicalization , extraposition , indefinite subject-shift , and indefinite np - shift . finally , he examines the role of movement and its constraints . to order the books from malfrfpirannssknir ( linguist research ) series , please write to : institute of linguistics university of iceland arnagardur v / sudurgotu 101 reykjavik iceland e-mail : malvis @ rhi . hi . is
  """",0
  1202,""""Subject: 
   
   lang acquisition the malfrfpirannssknir ( linguist research ) series volume iii : sigridur sigurjonsdottir : spurnarsetningar i mali tveggja islenskra barna ( the interrogative in the speech of two icelandic children ) . prize : usd 16 . this is an account of research on the development of interogative sentences in the speech of two icelandic children from the age of two to three and a half . a number of conclusions are drawn , among them the observation that the first questions of icelandic children begin with """""""" viltu """""""" 'd o you want to ' and usually function as requests . phonology & phonetics chitoran , ioana & ayako tsuchida ( eds . ) , working papers of the cornell phonetics laboratory no . 9 1994 283pp . paperbound cost : $ 11 . 00 ( prepaid ) papers by j . alcantara , i . chitoran , a . c . cohn & k . lockwood , k . de jong , j . - i . han , h . kim & a . jongman , r . letterman , a . tsuchida , d . zec on a variety of topics in phonetics , phonology , and interface issues . for further information on the contents of this and other dmll publications and how to order , please contact dmll publications at books @ plab . dmll . cornell . edu . the malfrfpirannssknir ( linguist research ) series volume iv : petur helgason : on coarticulation and connected speech processes in icelandic . usd 11 . written in english . the author examines the pronunciation of connected speech , including the assimilations and elisions currently taking place in icelandic . to order the books from malfrfpirannssknir ( linguist research ) series , please write to : institute of linguistics university of iceland arnagardur v / sudurgotu 101 reykjavik iceland e-mail : malvis @ rhi . hi . is
  """",0
  1203,""""Subject: references on formal description of discourse
   
   content - length : 1242 a student of mine who is not on the net is looking for references on formal , systematized description of discourse and dialogs ( tours de parole etc . ) , that would go ` ` beyond levison 's work ' ' ( his words ) to use in an automatic analyzer for political discourse . as his topic is rather out of our local waters ( syntax and parsing ) , i 'd appreciate any help you can provide . please answer to me directly ( walther @ uni2a . unige . ch ) and i ' ll post a summary . thanks , catherine walther u . of geneva
  """",0
  1204,""""Subject: font for vietnamese
   
   hello . i am looking for a font that will write in vietnamese on a macintosh . if anyone has heard of such a thing , please let me know the details as to how i might obtain it . thank you . andrew talle northwestern university
  """",0
  1205,""""Subject: quichua info ?
   
   hi there . i will be in quito from march 23 to april 2 and would like information on quichua . i am particularly interested in native language instruction movements and quichuan spanish . does anybody have contacts ? krbruna
  """",0
  1206,""""Subject: sum : function words
   
   i . the question and its motivation three weeks ago or so , i asked linguist readers to help me find examples of function words with unusually specific meanings . this was meant to elicit examples that i could mention in a paper called """""""" the formal semantics of grammaticalization """""""" , where i discuss what happens to the meaning of a content morpheme that develops into a function morpheme . i argue there , developing work by other semanticists / logicians , that ( 1 ) function morphemes do have meanings ( contrary to a widespread assumption ) . just consider that the meanings of quantifiers , tense , aspect , modals , etc . are the bread and butter of us working semanticists . ( 2 ) there is a class of """""""" logical """""""" meanings that have certain formal properties ( permutation-invariance , high types ) . ( 3 ) unfortunately , there is no perfect correlation between logical meanings and functional morphemes . there are lexical / content morphemes with ( almost ) logical meanings ( adjectives """""""" same """""""" , """""""" mere """""""" , """""""" alleged """""""" , verbs """""""" deny """""""" , """""""" believe """""""" , nouns """""""" majority """""""" , etc . ) . and there might be functional morphemes with non-logical meanings ( hence the linguist query ) . ( 4 ) thus there is not much that we can say about what happens to the meaning of a morpheme that is becoming grammaticalized . although i make some presumably doomed efforts . the finished paper ( which is based on a talk i gave at the nels 25 workshop on language change ) will appear in the nels 25 proceedings ( to be available from the glsa at umass amherst , glsa @ linguist . umass . edu ) . the paper is downloadable by anonymous ftp from the following url : ftp : / / broca . mit . edu / pub / fintel / gramma . ps i would welcome any comments . ii . some of the responses : mark robert hale ( hale1 @ alcor . concordia . ca ) wrote : ) the reference [ to the pejorative pronouns """""""" you shit """""""" ] ) is samuel elbert 's grammar of ) rennellese / bellona , """""""" echo of a culture : a grammar ) of rennell and bellona """""""" , uhawaii press 1988 ) [ oceanic linguistics special publication no . 22 ] . ) ) a few interesting cases of ) grammaticalization of a somewhat relevant ) type do exist . in micronesian languages ) there are a set of verbal affixes for ) directionality ( up , down , towards speaker , ) towards hearer , towards some third ) party [ the usual deixis system ] ) which ) also include """""""" toward the open ocean """""""" ) and """""""" toward the lagoon """""""" ; whereas ( of course ) ) if you want to say """""""" toward john 's house """""""" ) ( or some other nonce collocation ) ) you need to use a pp . ) ) similar , but probably not similar enough , ) is the bizarre use of the cardinal directionals ) in icelandic documented in a classic paper ) by einar haugen ( i can dig up the reference ) if you really want it ) . it seems like , being ) predominantly coastal inhabitants , and having ) a rather uneven fjorded coastline , to go ) to a city which was north of you actually ) involved heading out in a southerly ) direction ( all that time ) . ( or , if you ) lived on the north coast , going south ) frequently involved your walking north ) or northeast . . . ) . the system ended up totally ) screwed up , as i recall ( it 's been some ) time since i read the article - - hoski ) thrainsson at harvard would probably know ) the relevant facts [ thrainss @ fas . harvard . edu ] ) , ) when the cardinal directions were grammaticalized ) with inverse force from their original ) semantics with verbs of motion ( or some ) such thing ) . ) ) the """""""" river names """""""" case is supposed to salishan . ) maybe sally thomason will respond to your ) linguist posting , otherwise you might write ) to her ( sally @ pogo . isp . pitt . edu ) . although ) the salish speakers she 's actually working ) with are land-bound , she 's done some historical ) salishan and probably knows the basic facts . ) ) the only other case i can think may not be ) all that relevant , either , i guess , but it 's ) kind of interesting nonetheless . in ho - min ) sohn 's """""""" woleaian reference grammar """""""" , i suspect ) in the discussion of noun incorporation ) ( but possibly elsewhere ) , he states that ) bare n objects obligatorily incorporate ) ( so ' i eat fish ' is ungrammatical , one has ) to say ' i fish-eat ' - - this is generally ) true with micronesian transitive clauses ; ) i ' ve written about it 's history ) . definite ) np objects cannot incorporate ( * i the-fish eat ) . ) nor can n 's that are modified by anything ) ( so ' i eat big fish ' is fine , in spite of ) the fact that ' i eat fish ' is garbage - - clearly ) a structural constraint : only heads can ) incorporate ) . anyway , """""""" doctor """""""" cannot ) incorporate under any circumstances , because ) there 's only ever been one doctor on woleai ! ) so it 's inherently specific , as it were . ) [ woleai is an atoll , population ca . 250 . ] ) like i said , maybe not directly relevant , ) but kinda cute . . . david gil ( ellgild % nusvm . bitnet @ mitvma . mit . edu ) wrote : ) i can think of so many examples of what you ' re looking for that ) i suspect there 's some terminological confusion . ) ) classifiers . they ' re about as idiosyncratic and as contentful ) as you 'd like - - but their uses are clearly functional . arguably ) so when in """""""" numeral classifier """""""" position , more clearly so when ) functioning as nominalizers ( eg . clf john saw , meaning """""""" the one ) john saw """""""" ) , ligatures / relativizers ( eg . movie clf john saw , ) meaning """""""" the movie which john saw """""""" , or articles ( eg . clf movie , ) meaning """""""" the movie """""""" ) . ( i ' m presently working on the syntax ) and semantics of these constructions in se asian languages . ) ) ) then , pronouns . i do n't know of any """""""" you shit """""""" examples , but ) in se asian languages pronouns come with all sorts of idiosyncratic ) and culture-bound """""""" honorific """""""" content . ) ) i could go on . . . hala 's z sa ' ndor ( halasz @ kewszeg . norden1 . com ) wrote : ) are the old germanic prepozitions enough for you : """""""" benorth """""""" , """""""" beeast """""""" , ) . . . ? i believe that in iceland they yet are found . old english had a ) bunch of words besides these that were adj 's that also behaved as ) prep 's ; the one left is """""""" near """""""" , but on the other hand """""""" du """""""" was pickd ) up : """""""" the honor du me """""""" , """""""" tomorrow this is du """""""" . it sumtimes seems to me ) that in old germanic the prep 's were an open class , with rules for ) making one from adj 's or other words . """""""" randy j . lapolla """""""" ( hslapolla @ ccvax . sinica . edu . tw ) wrote : ) in the qiang languages ( tibeto - burman family , sino - tibetan stock ) ) there are systems of verb prefixes that refer to geographic landmarks ) such as """""""" towards the river """""""" , """""""" toward the mountian """""""" , aside from ) """""""" normal """""""" references such as """""""" towards the speaker """""""" , etc . most ) interesting is that these prefixes also mark achievement vs . state , ) and also perfective vs . imperfective . lee hartman ( ga5123 @ siucvmb . siu . edu ) wrote : ) the following is probably not exactly what you are looking for , ) but it does bear some similarity to your example of ) prepositions that refer to the nearby river . ) indonesian has four words for north , south , east , and west , ) - - al monomorphemic so far as i know . but northeast and northwest are ) respectively _ timur laut _ and _ barat laut _ , ) literally east sea west sea ) ( southeast is _ tenggara _ - - monomorphemic ? - - ) and i have n't yet found a southwest . ) thank you all for your very interesting comments . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - kai von fintel dept . of linguistics & philosophy mit , cambridge , ma 02139 email : fintel @ mit . edu http : / / broca . mit . edu / fintel . home . html
  """",0
  1207,""""Subject: sum : lang . www sites
   
   content - length : 1197 dear linguist 's : i recently asked for language / linguistics - related www sites . i have incorporated those i received into my homepage at the following url : http : / / www . scs . unr . edu : 80 / homepage / kristina / kristina . html i am posting the url rather than the list of sites to save bandwidth . if anyone would like the list itself , let me know and i ' ll e-mail you the html page . i would like to thank the following people who responded and sent url 's : diane penkoff fred riley oesten dahl jelly julia de jong bruno tersago tony sardinha j . k . ( anko ) wiegel kimmo koskenniemi alexandra klein alex eulenberg micheal palmer svein lie remi jolivet heidi shetzer karin stromswold debra occhi caoimhin p . odonnaile stanley g . goertzen jussi karlgren louis janus sabine geldof dr . manfred immler _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ kristina harris | the mathematics center - 085 | ( 702 ) 784-4433 kristina @ math . unr . edu | university of nevada , reno | fax ( 702 ) 784-1080 * www : http : / / www . scs . unr . edu : 80 / unr / arts-n - science / math-center / mathctr . html * * my homepage is http : / / www . scs . unr . edu : 80 / homepage / kristina / kristina . html *
  """",0
  1208,""""Subject: sum : more discussion of human and non-human language
   
   content - length : 18462 there 's been a fair amount of discussion about language among non-humans , both publicly on linguist and privately with me , since my previous summa - ry in linguist 6-28 . i have already posted to linguist a bibliographical list , broadcast in linguist 6-195 ; here follows a summary of some of the main points that have come up in discussion . first of all , i 'd like to thank the following people who posted messages to me personally : dan alford , a . k . a . moonhawk ( dalford @ s1 . csuhayward . edu ) celso alvarez - caccamo ( lxalvarz @ udc . es ) rachel lagunoff ( ihw1009 @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu ) dorothy hinshaw patent ( doropatent @ aol . com ) john e . limber ( jel @ christa . unh . edu ) alex schwartz ( alex _ schwartz @ sagepub . com ) andrew spencer ( spena @ essex . ac . uk ) mike tomasello ( tomas @ fs1 . psy . emory . edu ) bill turkel ( bill @ hivnet . ubc . ca ) george williams ( gww @ navisoft . com ) in addition to these individuals , the following people have posted items on the subject of language among nonhumans to linguist since 6-28 . i ' m going to focus less on these in the following summary , on the assumption that most of you have already read what they had to say . lloyd anderson ( ecoling @ applelink . apple . com ) sherri l . condon ( slc6859 @ usl . edu ) jane a . edwards ( edwards @ cogsci . berkeley . edu ) larry gorbet ( lgorbet @ mail . unm . edu ) jacques guy ( j . guy @ trl . oz . au ) gilbert harman ( ghh @ princeton . edu ) marion kee ( marion . kee @ a . nl . cs . cmu . edu ) bob krovetz ( krovetz @ cs . umass . edu ) roger lass ( roger @ beattie . uct . ac . za ) david pesetsky ( pesetsk @ mit . edu ) benji wald ( ibeneawj @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu ) sherman wilcox ( wilcox @ alcor . unm . edu ) one major issue that came up in discussion was the methodological and ethical justification of evaluating the linguistic ability of non-humans by confronting them with the task of mastering a language belonging to homo sapiens , instead of by investigating the means by which they inter - act amongst themselves . in linguist , benji wald pointed out that chomsky himself , in a paper pub - lished in the sebeok / sebeok vol . mentioned in my bibliography in linguist 6-195 , carefully drew the distinction between ' human language ' , the cog - nitive system built into the * human * brain that enables us to master the various human languages that are the raw data of our studies , and ' lan - guage ' ( which i shall in this posting capitalize - - not to be confused with lsa 's journal ) , the set of all possible similar systems , in whatever species ( or machine ) they may manifest themselves . this phase of the dis - cussion began with the question of the relation between an ability to re - cognize one 's image in a mirror and an ability to handle pronouns of vari - ous sorts , including reflexives . ( briefly , dogs and cats are able to re - cognize their reflections as members of their own species but consistently treat them as ' others ' , behaving toward them as they would to strangers of their own species ; roger lass has suggested that the ability to re - cognize the reflection as 's elf ' may not be evolutionarily advantageous to such predatory animals . the anthropoid apes , however , manage after a few minutes to realize that the reflection is 's elf ' , at which point they switch from the 's ocial ' behaviours they would normally use to make the acquaintance of strangers of their own species to using the mirror as a tool for self-inspection . but there has been no evidence presented , to my knowledge or that of anyone else on the list , that chimps , gorillas , etc . have any ability to handle anaphoric reference the way human apes do . sherri condon referred us to the work of her colleague at the univer - sity of southwestern louisiana , daniel j . povinelli , on this subject . ) but ultimately this discussion came back to a fundamental issue raised in my previous summary : even were it possible , through ingenious programme design and / or arduous effort , to teach a real human language to a chimp or a gorilla , the mere fact that the system in question would have to be ' force-fed ' , as it were , is evidence in itself that there is a serious difference between the cognitive systems of the two species ( human and non-human ) in question , since humans pick the stuff up with almost no training whatsoever . since much of our research programme is dedicated , more or less directly , to investigating the ability of humans to learn individual human languages ' naturally ' ( i . e . , with a minimum of effort ) - - at least in childhood - - this unredoubted fact places the linguistic abilities of non-humans at a significant distance from our discipline 's focus area . whether the field of linguistics ought to broaden its focus area to include non-human quasi-linguistic semiotic / communicative systems is another question , of course , that was raised in private discussion with me . speaking for myself , i am very sympathetic to the notion of embedding ( to use a very professional word ) linguistics as we now under - stand it within a broader programme of research into language , including the semiotic / communicative systems of non-human animals . supposing that such animals could accomplish the task of mastering a hu - man language ( which has so far not happened ) , this would certainly prove that the difference in species is not relevant to the nature of the lan - guage in question , much less language in general . but failure to accom - plish the task is not as probative , since it can be interpreted in either of at least two ways : ( 1 ) the animals in question are no more than ' protolinguistic ' ( to use bickerton 's term ) , unable to master a system of the complexity of human language - - a quantitative evaluation . ( 2 ) the animals in question are already in possession of an equivalent system of comparable complexity but of incompatible organization ( which ipso facto interferes catastrophically with the proposed task ) - - a qua - litative evaluation . which of these alternatives is correct will require a completely diffe - rent set of experiments , carefully studying the communicative behaviours natural to these animals as we linguists study the communicative beha - viours natural to humans . one of my correspondents said , ' why is all this effort devoted towards teaching apes a modified version of english ? a complex and highly social species such as this has an extremely sophisticated natural communication system of its own , yet we know very little about this . . . surely , before embarking on experimental meddling of dubious methodological validity , it would be more prudent to construct a research program aimed at mapping out the cognitive abilities of the various species and more particularly , their home-grown communication systems . presumably , it 's only against the background of how apes communicate with each other in the wild that we will really be able to interpret the kinds of artificial experiments pio - neered by the gardners and others . . . when you provide the reference list it would be extremely interesting ( though a lot of hard work ) to compare the amount of research effort expended on teaching apes 2 - year old english , compared to the number of studies devoted to ethological study of ape communication . ' a further , related issue was the epistemological question of how to reco - gnize behaviour in another species that is equivalent to language in hu - mans . i remarked myself at one point , ' human language is not purely a communication system , and its structure is not based solely on its commu - nicative function . i use language for a variety of functions . . . it does not strike me as logically self-evident that all of these functions should be served by the same system . i can imagine a species that en - gaged in all of these behaviours but used a radically different system for each . would we be able to recognize all these different systems ? and would all of them properly fall into the field of inquiry we call ' lin - guistics ' ? larry gorbet , in his linguist posting , touched very well on a further as - pect of this problem , addressing in particular one of the criticisms that has been made of the results achieved by the gardners et al . ' any formal element whose meaning includes displacement ( or more generally , * any * fairly abstract meaning ) will be intrinsically difficult to recognize as such , simply because the """""""" search space """""""" ( for the observable behavior that points to meaning ) is so large . the result is an * intrinsic * sample bias in semantic analysis : concrete meanings are more likely to be * disco - vered * than are more abstract ones , relative to their actual frequency of occurrence . in addition to abstract meanings in the more obvious sense , meanings which concern internal states ( e . g . """""""" emotions """""""" ) can be difficult to discern if one does n't experience those states or similar ones . ' a couple of references to the science fiction literature are relevant here , science fiction being often very useful for such ' thought-experi - ments ' in the einsteinian sense . h . beam piper , who while definitely not pc was brilliant , wrote a story called ' naudsonce ' ( pp . 57-112 in the col - lection federation , published 1981 by ace . piper suicided in 1964 , and i have no idea whether ' naudsonce ' was published anywhere during his life - time ) , in which an exploration party from earth discovers an extrasolar planet inhabited by an obviously sapient species which the explorers la - bel ' svants ' . these people are living at roughly a neolithic cultural / technological level , and there 's no question that they communicate by means of deliberately modulated sound waves transmitted through the air , so the humans immediately jump to the conclusion that they have something akin to what we call ' language ' , and the professional linguist they ' ve brought along for just such eventualities gets to work trying to analyse the svants ' ' language ' and establish inter-species communication . no go . turns out that although both svants and humans communicate by means of deliberately modulated , etc . , the resemblance ends there . our auditory systems ( by which i mean both the auditory centers of our brains and the neurosensory systems in our ears that serve as their input ) are designed to convert auditory impulses into a distinct sensory experience that we call ' hearing ' . the svants ' neurosensory systems are designed to convert such impulses into something more closely approximating the sensory expe - rience that tells us about our internal states ( e . g . , feelings of hunger , thirst , satiation , heartburn , etc . ) . thus , when a human reports a feel - ing of pain or pleasure , another human apprehends the message intellectu - ally ; when a svant reports such a feeling , an equivalent feeling is di - rectly induced in the body of another svant . in order to have any hope of inter-species communication , the human explorers have to rely on two peculiar individuals : a young male svant who is as a result of a birth defect 'd eaf ' , but is otherwise quite intelligent and shows promise of being able to master an ideographic writing system , and his mother , who is ' normal ' but sticks with her son out of maternal affection , and can interpret for him to the rest of the svant community . my point in giving this rather lengthy summary is that recognition of the fundamental diffe - rence between the human and svant communicative systems constitutes a ma - jor , and very challenging , cognitive leap for the human explorers ; can we be confident that a similar cognitive leap would not be necessary for us in evaluating the cognitive behaviours of non-human apes , cetaceans , etc . ? ( piper , speaking through some of his characters , expresses scepticism that a species whose principal communication system so thoroughly bypas - ses the ' higher / rational ' cognitive centers can develop very far in the way of civilization . i personally do n't share his scepticism . several of us during discussion have considered that cetaceans use sound both as their principal means of exploring the world around them , via sonar , and apparently to communicate . this suggests that a cetacean mode of commu - nication might involve ' projecting ' a sonar ' image ' of what one is talk - ing about into the listener 's brain . such projection may involve vocali - zation skill levels outside the abilities of cetaceans ; but assuming they could do it , i do n't think such 'd irect ' communicative methods preclude a high level of civilization . i ' m not sure they ' re all that different from the ability of the chinese , or of fluent signers , to communicate highly abstract concepts by means of what is essentially visual imagery . ) those of you who have read suzette hayden elgin 's intriguing though dif - fuse novel native tongue may remember that in that novel , humans , having over the course of several decades established contact with a variety of alien species and managed to negotiate profitable trade deals with seve - ral of them in spite of the obvious language barriers ( the only reason the generally despised profession of ' linguist ' is allowed to survive in this crypto-fascist state ) , encounters a species that is obviously sapi - ent and obviously endowed with something in the way of a language ( if i remember correctly , it 's not made clear exactly how this is recognized ) , but that ' language ' is so radically different from human language in its structural organization that no human seems to be able to get the hang of it ( several people die trying ) . in both cases , we are left with the big question : what , exactly , consti - tutes language , or a ' language ' ? and how do we recognize one if it exists ? on the subject of the cognitive organization of the brains of non-human primates , steven pinker , on p . 350 of his recent book the language ins - tinct : how the mind creates language , discusses their equivalents of broca 's and wernicke 's areas : ' the neuroanatomists al galaburda and terrence deacon have discovered areas in monkey brains that correspond in location , input-output cabling , and cellular composition to the human language areas . for example , there are homologues to wernicke 's and broca 's areas and a band of fibers connecting the two , just as in humans . the regions are not involved in producing the monkeys ' calls , nor are they involved in producing their gestures . the monkey seems to use the regions corresponding to wernicke 's area and its neighbors to recognize sound sequences and to discriminate the calls of other monkeys from its own calls . the broca 's homologues are involved in control over the mus - cles of the face , mouth , tongue , and larynx , and various subregions of these homologues receive inputs from the parts of the brain dedicated to hearing , the sense of touch in the mouth , tongue , and larynx , and areas in which streams of information from all the senses converge . ' for those of you who are interested , the relevant references are : deacon , t . w . 1988 . ' evolution of human language circuits ' in h . jerison & i . jerison , eds . , intelligence and evolutionary biology . new york : springer . - - - - . 1989 . ' the neural circuitry underlying primate calls and human language ' human evolution 4 : 367-401 . galaburda , a . m . & d . n . pandya . 1982 . ' role of architectonics and con - nections in the study of primate brain evolution ' in e . armstrong & d . falk , eds . , primate brain evolution . new york : plenum . beyond this , there is the fact that the integration of even complex so - cial systems is not enough to account for the complexity of human lan - guage . a large number of human social situations seem to be manageable by just a few dozen different utterances ; yet we have a natural linguis - tic ability vastly in excess of that . i suspect that our ancestors may have developed that ability through some nonce mutation , and then over the subsequent millenia have gradually developed uses for it . ( for some at least tangentially relevant thoughts on this subject , see theodore zeldin 's recently published intimate history of humanity , harper - collins . ) before closing this posting , i will quote the following from dorothy hinshaw patent 's message to me , and reiterate my plea in linguist 6-28 for more user-friendliness in our interactions with people who are rea - sonably intelligent , may be well-educated , may even be fellow scientists , but just are n't linguists . ' i was very frustrated by the critics of the ape language work ; they seemed to be looking for reasons to say the work did n't have meaning , and i think your piece summarized many of the frustrations of people like me very well . would that everyone were able to think so clearly ! what i 'd like to see is a linguistic analysis - - using minimal linguistic jargon , so zoologists and psychologists could understand it , too - - of the work done with apes , dolphins , sea lions , and parrots , comparing the """""""" accom - plishments """""""" of the different species to one another and to human chil - dren . i 'd like the person doing it to make the assumption , as you have , that the work does have meaning , and go from there , rather than trying to find picky reasons for discounting it because of human hubris . ' let us instead adopt the attitude expressed by sherri condon : ' i think we have much to learn about cognition and communication in all species , and we are fortunate that careful researchers are on the job . ' of course , as is always true not * all * researchers ' on the job ' are ' careful ' , by which i understand ' responsible , not wedded to their hypotheses to such an ex - tent that they are unable to wrestle appropriately with contrary evidence or alternative approaches ' , but the responsible ones definitely deserve encouragement ! best , steven - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dr . steven schaufele 712 west washington urbana , il 61801 217-344 - 8240 fcosws @ prairienet . org * * * * o syntagmata linguarum liberemini humanarum ! * * * * * * nihil vestris privari nisi obicibus potestis ! * * *
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  1209,""""Subject: obligatory affixes : summary
   
   several weeks ago i asked how the traditional notion of obligatory affixes was recast in the theory of realizational morphology . the responce was not exactly overwhelming , but i wish to thank greg stump ( eng101 @ ukcc . uky . edu ) , don ringe ( dringe @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu ) , r . beard ( rbeard @ coral . bucknell . edu ) , and andrew carstairs - mccarthy ( a . c-mcc @ ling . canterbury . ac . nz ) for helpful responses . a few responses ( slightly edited ) : greg stump : in paradigm function theory , a language 's inventory of morphosyntactic features is assumed to determine - - for any major syntactic category x - - a paradigm schema : a set of cells each of which is associated with a complete and fully specified set of morphosyntactic feature specifications appropriate to category x . in latin , for example , the features of case ( i . e . nominative , genitive , dative , accusative , ablative ) , number ( singular , plural ) , and gender ( masculine , feminine , neuter ) determine a paradigm schema for adjectives which consists of thirty cells , one for each of the case / number / gender combinations for which adjectives may be inflected . an adjective 's paradigm is then viewed as the inventory of inflected forms assigned to these cells . for any given cell c in the adjectival paradigm schema , there is a corresponding paradigm function which applies to an adjectival lexeme l to yield the inflected form of l assigned to c . paradigm functions are defined in terms of more specific morphological rules , including rules of exponence and rules of referral ; two or more of these may come into competition in the evaluation of a given paradigm function , in which case the narrower rule overrides the more general . how , then , is the notion of obligatory affixes recast in this theory ? notice first that the architecture of the theory guarantees that every inflected word w of category x will be associated with a complete and fully specified set of morphosyntactic feature specifications appropriate to x , and that it is this set of specifications that drives the inflection of w . in other words , it is the morphology , not ( pace anderson ) the syntax , that ` ensures that any given word has all the features required by the affixes in question ' . ( naturally , i assume that a lexeme 's invariant feature specifications - - e . g . a noun 's gender - - are simply supplied by its lexical entry . ) second , if a particular affix position must be filled , then that position can be assumed to be associated with a set of rules of affixal exponence the least narrow of which functions as the default for that position . [ i have some questions about how that works where the choice of one affix seems to require the presence of morphosyntactic features which are otherwise absent , but it may be that all such examples could be reanalyzed . it would be unfair of me to say more until i ' ve had a chance to correspond with greg . - - mm ] [ some references : ] ` a paradigm-based theory of morphosemantic mismatches ' , _ language _ 67 ( 1991 ) , 675-725 . ` on the theoretical status of position class restrictions on inflectional affixes ' , in _ yearbook of morphology 1991 _ , ed . by geert booij and jaap van marle , 211-241 . ( dordrecht : kluwer , 1992 ) . ` position classes and morphological theory ' , in _ yearbook of morphology 1992 _ , ed . by geert booij and jaap van marle , 129-180 . ( dordrecht : kluwer , 1993 ) . ` on rules of referral ' , _ language _ 69 ( 1993 ) , 449-479 . ` the uniformity of head marking in inflectional morphology ' , to appear in _ yearbook of morphology 1994 _ , ed . by geert booij and jaap van marle . ( dordrecht : kluwer , 1995 ) . don ringe suggested consulting the mit dissertation of r . rolf noyer , """""""" features , positions , and affixes in autonomous morphological structure """""""" ( mit working papers in linguistics , dept . of linguistics and philosophy , room 20d-219 , mit , cambridge , ma 02139 ; email address : mitwpl @ athena . mit . edu ; cost $ 12 plus $ 2 s / h in us , $ 3 outside us ) . for background reading on noyer 's dissertation , he recommends the paper by halle & marantz in the festschrift for sylvain bromberger ( called * the view from building 20 * ) . r . beard mentioned a book ( of his , i believe ) """""""" lexeme - morpheme base morphology """""""" published by suny press , """""""" hopefully , in june """""""" . his theory assumes the complex ip functional categories of current p&p for tense , aspect , mood , etc . ; there also morpholexical features ( which i assume to be things like gender ) .
  """",0
  1210,""""Subject: discourse textbooks
   
   several weeks ago i posted a request for recent introductory texts in discourse analysis . i received a number of replies that probably covered the range of possibilities . the most frequently mentioned was schiffren 's new book : schiffrin , deborah . ( 1994 ) . approaches to discourse . blackwell . ( 470 p . ) other books that were mentioned were the following . since i have not been able to check some of the information on these books , i am reproducing their citations more or less as they were sent to me and in alphabetical order . i have omitted a few suggestions that were clearly not general and introductory . i thank all of those who responded . you were all gracious and helpful . since this is already long i will not name you here . you know who you are . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * de beaugrande , r . ( 1980 ) . text , discourse and process , longman . de beaugrande , r . and dresler . ( 1983 ) . introduction to text linguistics . longman , london chafe , wallace . ( 1994 ) . discourse , consciousness , and time : the flow and displacement of conscious experience in speaking and writing . u . of chicago press . cook , g . 1989 ( ? ) . discourse . oxford : oup . coulthard , malcolm . ( 1977 , 1985 ) . an introduction to discourse analysis . longman . eggins , suzanne . ( 1994 ) . an introduction to systemic-functional linguistics . pinter / st . martin 's . fairclough . ( 1992 ) . discourse and social change . polity press . hartmann , r . r . k . ( 1980 ) . contrastive textology . comparative discourse analysis in applied linguistics . heidelberg , julius groos verlag . studies in descriptive linguistics . vol . 5 . 125 pages . hatch , e . ( 1992 ) . discourse and language education . cambridge : cup hatim b . and mason i . ( 1990 ) . discourse and the translator . ( longman ) . kamp , h . and reyle , u . ( 1993 ) . from discourse to logic . kluwer . lambrecht , knud . ( 1994 ) . information structure and sentence form . cambridge university press . langford , david . ( 1994 ) . analysing talk : investigating verbal interaction in english . basingstoke : macmillan . ( 190 p . ) mann , william and thompson , sandra . ( 1992 ) . discourse description : diverse linguistic analyses of a fund-raising text . amsterdam : john benjamins . martin , james . ( 1992 ) . english text . benjamins . mccarthy and carter . ( 1994 ) . language as discourse : perspectives for language teachers . longman . mey , jacob . pragmatics . robert e . nofsinger ( 1991 ) : everyday conversation . newbury park : sage . renkema , jan . ( 1993 ) . discourse studies . an introductory textbook . amsterdam etc . : benjamins , ix + 1-224 pp . isbn 90 272 2136 7 stenstoem , a . b . ( 1994 ) . an introduction to spoken interaction . london : longman . raphael salkie mentioned his . . . """""""" basic introduction to text and discourse analysis which will be published by routledge in their workbooks series in april . the book basically covers cohesion and coherence , with some reference to larger textual patterns in the last chapter . """""""" * * * * * * * * * * * * * * karl krahnke krahnke @ holly . colostate . edu
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  1211,""""Subject: second call for papers optionality workshop , utrecht
   
   please post - second call for papers - second call for papers - the research institute for language and speech ( ots ) , utrecht university , organizes a . . . . . workshop on optionality to be held on september 1 - 2 , 1995 . keynote speakers : jane grimshaw ( rutgers ) tony kroch ( penn ) tanya reinhart ( tel aviv / utrecht ) edwin williams ( princeton ) given a general notion of economy , free word order as well as other optional phenomena are problematic in current linguistic theory . nevertheless , optionality is widely attested in natural language , not only synchronically , but also diachronically and in language acquisition . we would therefore like to invite papers that deal with the theoretical problem of optionality from either of these perspectives . in addition to 4 ( invited ) keynote talks , we have 12 slots for 35 min . papers . please send 5 copies of an anonymous two-page abstract , one camera-ready version and a 3x5 """""""" card with name ( s ) of author ( s ) , title of paper , affiliation , phone number and e-mail address to : workshop on optionality , research institute for language and speech ( ots ) , utrecht university , trans 10 , 3512 jk utrecht , netherlands . we hope to be able to ( partially ) reimburse speakers . the deadline for submissions is may 1 , 1995 . submissions by e-mail or fax will not be accepted . for a more detailed description of the topic of the workshop , please contact neeleman @ let . ruu . nl or weerman @ let . ruu . nl .
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  1212,""""Subject: job opening at ucla
   
   please ignore the nov . 30 deadline on the previous announcement of this opening . ucla extension continues to accept applications for the job opening below until the position is filled . ucla extension head of the american language center ucla extension seeks an experienced esl professional to direct the american language center ( alc ) . this individual is reponsible for the development and marketing ( domestic and international ) as well as the implementation of a wide range of english as a second language programs . these include a year-round intensive program , part-time evening credit , non-credit and short-term special contract programs . the alc serves about 2300 international students annually and provides , in addition to language instruction , other support including student visas , housing and academic counseling . the successful candidate will be responsible for - the fiscal oversight and management of a budget of approx . 3 million dollars - an administrative staff of 12 to 20 and a teaching staff of 30 to 90 , depending on the time of year - program promotion and marketing - curriculum development the american language center is a unit within the department of humanities , sciences , and social sciences . under the guidance of the department director , the head of alc will plan and implement international continuing education programs in various subject areas combined with language training . he / she will have a leading role in the general international marketing of ucla extension programs and will work with a wide variety of inter - and intra-institutional organizations . required qualifications : - a minimum of a master 's degree in tesl or a closely related field . - a minimum of five years demonstrated successful experience in directing similar programs . - familiarity with foreign travel and cultures ; a foreign language capability preferred . - demonstrated ability in writing , public speaking ; - outstanding academic and administrative leadership skills ; - demonstrated expertise in the management of a multi-million dollar esl program within a large , complex educational institution . salary is commensurate with education and experience . application deadline : the position is open and is to be filled as soon as possible . to request additional position information or to apply , contact : beth marshall director of human resources ucla extension 10995 le conte avenue los angeles , ca 90024
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  1213,""""Subject: sixth jk conference
   
   content - length : 3595 call for papers the sixth japanese / korean linguistics conference university of hawaii at manoa august 8 - 10 , 1995 deadline for submission of abstracts : april 30 , 1995 on - campus accommodations and board will be provided for presenters . keynote speakers samuel martin ( professor emeritus ) yale university noriko akatsuka university of california , los angeles this conference aims to provide a forum for presenting research in korean and japanese linguistics , thereby facilitating efforts to deepen our understanding of these two languages , which have striking typological similarities . potential topics include , but are not limited to : syntax , semantics , phonology , morphology , pragmatics , historical linguistics , typology , psycholinguistics , sociolinguistics , language acquisition , and discourse . presentations are 20 minutes long and will be followed by a 10 minute question / answer period . abstract should include : 1 . seven ( 7 ) copies of a one-page abstract ( no more than 500 words ) with a title . omit your name and affiliation from the abstract . the one-page ( 500 word ) limit should be strictly observed ; a second page may be used only for data and citing references . 2 . a 3 """""""" by 5 """""""" card with the title of the paper , the name of the author ( s ) , the mailing address of the author , the author 's affiliation , phone number , fax number , and e-mail address . if your address , phone number , or e-mail address will be different for any period prior to the conference , please include that information as well . 3 . a self-addressed , stamped postcard if you wish to be notified when your abstract has been received 4 . only one abstract may be submitted as a single author . the same person may also submit one jointly authored abstract . abstracts should be sent to one of the addresses below by april 30 , 1995 . on the face of the envelope , to the right of the mailing address , please print """""""" discourse / functional """""""" or """""""" formal """""""" , as appropriate . please note that phonology and phonetics are to be included under the category formal . sohn ( formal ) j / k conference dept of east asian langs & lits university of hawaii at manoa 1890 east west road honolulu , hi 96822 iwasaki ( discourse / functional ) j / k conference dept of east asian langs & cultures ucla los angeles , ca 90095-1540 the proceedings of this conference will be published as japanese / korean linguistics vol . 6 by the center for the study of language and information and will be distributed through cambridge university press . please contact john haig for questions and further information . his e-mail address is : haig @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu
  """",0
  1214,""""Subject: gls 1995 : developments in discourse analysis
   
   the georgetown linguistics society presents gls 1995 : developments in discourse analysis february 17-19 , 1995 georgetown university , washington d . c . gls 1995 : developments in discourse analysis is an interdisciplinary conference featuring presentations and colloquia focusing on a variety of topics in discourse analysis , ranging from discourse analytic theory to the use of discourse analysis as a tool in other disciplines . papers address discourse in the media , the workplace , the classroom , everyday conversation , and in therapeutic , political , legal , religious , and other institutional contexts , addressing such areas as gender , identity , argument , authority , and narrative . the discourse analytic approaches include interactional sociolinguistics , critical discourse analysis , ethnography , conversation analysis , and cognitive science . the conference presenters , paper titles , and plenary speakers are provided below in this announcement . * * how to contact gls 1995 * * requests for information , including information about transportation , accomodations , and a discount on airfare , may be addressed to the georgetown linguistics society : gls 1995 gls @ guvax . georgetown . edu georgetown university gls @ guvax . bitnet department of linguistics 202-687 - 6166 479 intercultural center washington , d . c . 20057-1068 regularly updated information about gls 1995 is also available through the world - wide web georgetown linguistics home page : http : / / www . georgetown . edu / cball / gu _ lx . html pre-registration form for * * gls 1995 * * please complete and print this form or provide the required information on another sheet of paper and mail to gls 1995 , georgetown university , department of linguistics , 479 intercultural center , washington , d . c . 20057-1068 name : affiliation : mailing address : e - mail address : phone number : registration fee . please remit the appropriate registration fee in the form of a check or money order made payable to """""""" georgetown university """""""" : student non - student preregistration ( through feb . 10 ) $ 20 . 00 $ 30 . 00 on - site registration $ 30 . 00 $ 40 . 00 attendance needs ( ) american sign language interpretation ( ) crash space ( first-come basis ) ( ) other ( please specify ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * conference schedule * * friday , february 17 2 : 00 pm to 7 : 45 pm , reception at 8 : 00 pm saturday , february 18 9 : 30 am to 7 : 15 pm sunday , february 19 9 : 30 am to 5 : 00 pm * * plenary speakers * * * frederick erickson , university of pennsylvania * charles goodwin , university of south carolina * heidi hamilton , georgetown university * deborah schiffrin , georgetown university * roger shuy , georgetown university * deborah tannen , georgetown university * * colloquia * * discourse and conflict ( coordinator : christina kakava ) * faye c . mcnair - knox discourse and conflict in african - american english womantalk : patterns of grammaticalized disapproval in narratives * christina kakava evaluation in personal and vicarious stories : mirror of a greek man 's self * patricia e . o'connor ' you can't keep a man down ' : positioning in conflict talk and in violent acts * laine berman life stories from the streets : homeless children 's narratives of violence and the construction of a better world developments in conversation analysis : oh , what , or , pardon ( coordinator : maria egbert ) * paul drew ' what ' ? : a sequential basis for an ' open ' form of repair initiation in conversation ( and some implications for cognitive approaches to interaction ) * maria egbert the relevance of interactants ' eye gaze to the organization of other-initiated repair : the case of german ' bitte ? ' ( ' pardon ? ' ) * anna lindstrom ' or ' - constructed inquiries as a resource for probing the relevance of prior talk in swedish conversation * john heritage ' oh ' - prefaced responses to inquiry developments in signed language discourse ( coordinator : melanie metzger ) * ruth morgan the interplay of place and space in a namibian sign language narrative * kathleen wood negotiating literate identities : life stories of deaf students * susan m . mather adult - deaf toddler discourse * tina m . neumann figurative language in an american sign language poem : personification and prosopopoeia * scott liddell and melanie metzger spatial mapping in an asl narrative : examining the use of multiple surrogate spaces * elizabeth a . winston spatial mapping in comparative discourse frames in american sign language frames theory ( coordinator : janice hornyak ) * janice hornyak personal and professional frames in office discourse * susan hoyle negotiation of footing in play * carolyn kinney the interaction of frames , roles and footings : conversational strategies of co-leaders in a long-term group * yoshiko nakano interplay of expectations in cross-cultural miscommunication : a case study of negotiations between americans and japanese * suwako watanabe framing in group discussion : a comparison between japanese and american students * * paper sessions * * negotiating authority and status * cynthia dickel dunn the language of the tea teacher : shifting indexical ground in a japanese pedagogical context * lena gavruseva ' what is this drivel about garages ? ' : the construction of authoritative self in the cover letter discourse * geoffrey raymond the voice of authority : sequence and turn design in live news broadcasts * hideko nornes abe discourse analysis on distal and direct styles of japanese women 's speech will the real author please stand up ? : exploiting the speech of others * richard buttny talking race on campus : reported speech in accounts of race relations at a university campus * akira satoh reported speech in english and japanese : a comparative analysis * joyce tolliver evidentiality and accountability in literary narrative interpreting , challenging , evaluating gender * jennifer curtis contestation of masculine identities in a battering intervention program * keller s . magenau more than feminine : attending to power and social distance dimensions in spoken and written workplace communication * keli yerian male and female tv directors talking on the air and off * donna trousdale social languages and privileging : gender and school science discourse discourse influences on syntactic categories and structures * jennifer arnold the interaction between discourse focus and verbal form in mapudungun * rajesh bhatt information status and word order in hindi * paul hopper discourse and the category ' verb ' in english discursive enactments of cultural ideologies * isolda carranza stance - making in oral interviews * agnes weiyun he stories as interactional resources : narrative activity in academic counseling encounters * shari e . kendall religion and experience : constructed dialogue , narrative , and life story in religious testimonies political , intellectual , institutional identities * anna de fina pronominal choice , identity and solidarity in political discourse * charlotte linde other people 's stories : third person narrative in individual and group identity * karen tracy the identity work of questioning in intellectual discussion computational approaches to discourse analysis * megan moser and johanna d . moore an approach to the study of discourse cues * yan qu a computational approach for automatically extracting discourse rules * donald lewis theme and eventline in a classical hebrew narrative : a computer-assisted analysis competing discourses and dominance * tony hak ' she has clear delusions ' : the production of a factual account * catherine f . smith democratic discourses * john clark standard and vernacular : persuasive discourse styles in conflict * kathryn remlinger keeping it straight : the socio-linguistic construction of a heterosexual ideology in a campus community interactional construction of cognitive understanding * pamela w . jordan and megan moser global coordination in computer-mediated conversation * claudia roncarati repetition and cognition in the information flow : a case-study in brazilian portuguese database * andrea tyler and john bro examining perceptions of text comprehensibility : the effect of order and contextualization cues * toshiko hamaguchi manifestation of shared knowledge in conversation humorous faces * nancy k . baym humorous performance in a computer-mediated group * diana boxer and florencia cortes - conde teasing that bonds : conversational joking and identity display conversational moves * c . antaki , f . diaz , a . collins participants ' orientation to footing : evidence from conversational completion * peter muntigl saving face in argument : an analysis of face-threatening disagreements * martin warren how do conversations begin and end ? interactional explanations for patterns of variation * scott fabius kiesling using interactional discourse analysis to explain variation * sylvie dubois the coherent network of effects on discourse privileged views in media discourse * gertraud benke news about news : textual features of news agency copies and their usage in the newsproduction * debra graham racism in the reporting of the o . j . simpson arrest : a critical discourse analysis approach * ian hutchby arguments and asymmetries on talk radio * joanna thornborrow talk shows and democratic discourse narrative structures across languages * viola g . miglio tense alternations in medieval prose texts * asli ozyurek how children use connectives to talk about a conversation * marybeth culley rhetorical elaborations of a chiricahua apache comic narrative genre prior discourses and the structure of classroom interaction * mary buchinger bodwell """""""" now what does that mean , ' first draft ' ? """""""" : adult literacy classes and alternative models of editing a text * deborah poole the effects of text on talk in a classroom literacy event * myriam torres why teachers do not engage in co-construction of knowledge : a critical discourse analysis * * upcoming georgetown conferences * * georgetown round table on languages and linguistics 1995 . """""""" linguistics and the education of second language teachers : ethnolinguistic , psycholinguistic , and sociolinguistic aspects . """""""" pre - sessions and conference , march 6-11 , 1995 . contact : carolyn a . straehle , 202-687 - 5726 , gurt @ guvax . georgetown . edu , gurt 1995 , 303 icc , washington , d . c . 20057-1067 . ( this announcement ) . georgetown linguistics society ( gls ) 1995 : developments in discourse analysis . february 17-19 , 1995 . contact : coordinators of gls 1995 , 202-687 - 6166 , gls @ guvax . georgetown . edu , gls 1995 , 479 icc , washington , d . c . 20057-1068 . end of announcement . please distribute as widely as possible . thank you .
  """",0
  1215,""""Subject: hwaet ! old english software
   
   at the lsa software poster session in january , i gave out some copies of a macintosh ' electronic book ' i developed for learning old english ( ' hwaet ! old english in context ' , version 0 . 5 ) . after i got home i found some problems and typos , so i ' ve made a new version - if any readers got the old version , let me know , and i ' ll send you version 0 . 6 . i ' ve also converted a chunk of it to run on the web : it 's at http : / / www . georgetown . edu / cball / hwaet / hwaet06 . html this version looks best under mosaic for windows , which has thorn and eth , but i have n't converted all the sound files yet . thanks . . . - - cathy ball ( cball @ guvax . georgetown . edu )
  """",0
  1216,""""Subject: optimality workshop
   
   reminder : the deadline for registration for the optimality theory workshop scheduled for saturday , april 8 , at the university of wisconsin - milwaukee is friday , march 10 . for further information , send e-mail to edith @ csd . uwm . edu
  """",0
  1217,""""Subject: referencing example numbers in wordperfect
   
   i ' ve held back from adding my 5 - cents ( or 18 - pounds ) worth , but in case it 's of interest for users of wordperfect 5 . 1 / 5 . 2 , my num automatic renumbering program provides well-tested and efficient numbering of linguistic examples , etc - in a way that is far simpler and quicker in practice than using wp 's rather clumsy built-in cross-reference system , and with some extra advantages , such as automatic shortening of cross-references like """""""" 101-109 """""""" to """""""" 101 - 9 """""""" if desired , simple cross-referencing between and across files , etc . dozens of users worldwide find num to be reliable , helpful , even essential ( so they tell me ) . i have not ( yet ) upgraded num to work with wordperfect 6 . 0 / 6 . 1 , partly from pressure of other work , partly because i have had mixed reports on whether the advent of counters in wp 6 + is enough of an advance to wipe out num 's potential advantage in speed and convenience . i really need informed advice from linguists who know what num can do with wp 5 . 1 / 5 . 2 and who have also used wp 6 : if a num upgrade worked as well with wp 6 as it does with wp 5 . 1 , would you use it ? let me know . and for continuing users of wp 5 . 1 , i ' ll be happy , as always , to send info on num . david denison _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( dr ) david denison e-mail : d . denison @ man . ac . uk dept of english language & literature tel . + 44 161-275 3154 university of manchester fax . + 44 161-275 3256 manchester m13 9pl , uk .
  """",0
  1218,""""Subject: announcement universite de geneve
   
   universite de geneve faculte des lettres departement de linguistique generale et de linguistique francaise diplome d ' etudes superieures de linguistique : option analyse des dialogues une des options du diplome d ' etudes superieures de linguistique ( enseignement de 3e cycle ) 1995-1996 sera consacree a la presentation des derniers developpements du modele genevois d ' analyse des dialogues . ce programme est destine aux licencies en francais et en linguistique de l ' universite de geneve , aux doctorants d ' autres universites suisses et etrangeres , ainsi qu ' aux enseignants , qui desirent approfondir leurs connaissances theoriques et pratiques dans la maitrise et l ' exploitation du modele genevois d ' analyse des dialogues . il comprendra les cours et seminaires suivants , qui seront donnes au semestre d ' hiver 1995-1996 ( le semestre d ' ete 1996 etant consacre principalement a la redaction du memoire ) : e . roulet : une approche modulaire de l ' analyse de dialogues c . rubattel : structuration du dialogue : contraintes interactionnelles sur la syntaxe et contraintes syntaxiques sur l ' interaction e . manzotti & c . rossari : contrastes et oppositions : du lexique au discours j . moeschler : theorie pragmatique et pragmatique conversationnelle a . auchlin : la dimension affective du dialogue l . perrin : les dimensions diaphoniques et polyphoniques des dialogues les cours et seminaires du semestre d ' hiver 1995-1996 se donneront de fin octobre a mi-mars . la brochure qui presente officiellement l ' ensemble des des 95 / 96 de la faculte des lettres vous sera adressee sur demande des sa parution , sans doute a fin avril . pour tout renseignement , contacter : professeur eddy roulet , recorat , universite de geneve , 1211 geneve 4 , suisse tel . + 41 . 22 / 705 . 75 . 16 fax : + 41 . 22 / 329 . 42 . 90 e-mail : roulet @ uni2a . unige . ch . jacques moeschler departement de linguistique universite de geneve ch-1211 geneve 4 tel . + 41 . 22 / 705 . 72 . 76 fax . + 41 . 22 / 328 . 52 . 13 email moeschlj @ uni2a . unige . ch
  """",0
  1219,""""Subject: comp ling summer school
   
   international summer school """""""" contemporary topics in computational linguistics """""""" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 - 13 sept 1995 tzigov chark , bulgaria dates : 9 - 13 sept 1995 ( arrival 8 sept ) location : tzigov chark is a beautiful resort in the rhodope mountains surrounding the batak lake . tzigov chark is 150km from sofia , the capital of bulgaria . preliminary programme : a . joshi ( university of pennsylvania , usa ) lexicalized tree-adjoining grammars j . tsujii ( umist , manchester , uk ) knowledge acquisition from corpora j . haller ( iai , saarbrucken , germany ) unification - based machine translation j . schutz ( iai , saarbrucken , germany ) language engineering j . hutchins ( university of east anglia , uk ) machine translation : history , current status and possible future developments w . von hahn ( university of hamburg , germany ) knowledge - based machine aided translation y . matsumoto ( nara institute of science and technology , japan ) lexical knowledge acquisition a . ramsey ( university college dublin ) interpretation in context key - sun choi ( kaist , taejon , korea ) english - to - korean machine translation rodolfo delmonte ( university of venice , italy ) referring expressions in sublanguages c . martin - vide ( universidad rovira i virgilli , tarragona , spain ) mathematical linguistics : its relevance for computational linguistics and cognitive science other speakers are expected to confirm their participation . a more complete list will be given in the next announcement . summer school information : for further information please contact : nicolas nicolov ( nicolas @ edinburgh . aisb . ac . uk ) or prof . ruslan mitkov ( mitkov @ informatik . uni-hamburg . de ) related events : the summer school participants are also invited to take part in the int . conference """""""" recent advances in natural language processing """""""" , which will take place immediately after the summer school in velingrad , 20 km from tzigov chark . further information about the conference can be obtained from : nicolas nicolov ( nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk ) or prof . r . mitkov ( mitkov @ informatik . uni-hamburg . de ) nb prof . ruslan mitkov 's new email is : ( mitkov @ informatik . uni-hamburg . de ) third anouncement : a more complete tutorial program , information about registration fees , and accommodation will be posted in due time .
  """",0
  1220,""""Subject: autumn school of the gldv
   
   * * * * * * * gesellschaft fuer linguistische datenverarbeitung * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * herbstschule 1995 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * moderne methoden der corpusanalyse 11 . - 15 . september 1995 universitaet bonn psychologie / informatik - zentrum , roemerstrasse 164 programm : kurs 1 : methoden der standardisierung - eine einfuehrung in sgml und tei ( textual encoding initiative ) ( dr . peter scherber , goettingen ) kurs 2 : morphologie und tagging ( prof . dr . roland hausser , erlangen ) kurs 3 : fachsprachliche korpora ( prof . dr . bergenholtz , aahus ) kurs 4 : statistischer zugriff auf korpora : disambiguierung und tagging ( dr . robert neumann , cyril belica und doris al - wadi , institut fuer deutsche sprache , mannheim ) kurs 5 : textmodellbasierte korpusanalyse ( dr . karin haenelt , gmd darmstadt ) kurs 6 : korpora gesprochener sprache ( prof . dr . randall jones , brigham young university , provo ) . naehere informationen zu den einzelnen kursen wie inhaltsnagabe , literatur , zeiten etc . sowie zur gesamten herbstschule werden an die angemeldeten teilnehmer ab ca . 1 . juni 1995 versandt . exkursion : mittwoch , 13 . september , besichtigung von forschungslabors der gesellschaft fuer mathematik und datenverarbeitung ( gmd ) in st . augustin - birlinghoven , anschliessend wanderung im siebengebirge und weinabend in oberdollendorf / koenigswinter . plenarvortraege : prof . dr . h . schnelle , bochum : """""""" wortvernetzungen in computer und gehirn """""""" prof . dr . manfred bierwisch , berlin : thema vorauss . : """""""" universalien und idiosynkrasien im lexikon """""""" gebuehren : bei anmeldung vor dem 15 . juni 1995 studenten sonstige mitglieder der gldv : 60 , - - 100 , - - nichtmitglieder : 80 . - - 130 , - - bei anmeldung nach dem 15 . juni 1995 : studenten sonstige mitglieder der gldv : 100 , - - 140 , - - nichtmitglieder : 120 , - - 170 , - - die teilnehmergebuehr ist mit der anmeldung auf das im anmeldeformular ( siehe unten ) angegebene konto zu ueberweisen . unterbringung : jugendgaestehaus bonn - venusberg ( bus - transfer ) : 4 - bett - zimmer , mit fruehstueck , 31 . 50 p . p . / nacht gaestehaus d . internationalen jugendforum bonn : 2 - bett - zimmer , mit fruehstueck , 63 , oo p . p . / nacht 1 - bett - zimmer , mit fruehstueck , 95 , 00 dm p . p . / nacht studentenwohnheim : sammelunterbringung ( kueche , bad , wc ) , 10 , 00 dm p . p . / nacht verpflegung : mensa , cafeteria unmittelbar im tagungsgebaeude schwimmbad : roemerbad , um die ecke des tagungsgebaeudes anmeldeformular : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * verbindliche anmeldung zur teilnahme an der gldv - herbstschule vom 11 . - 15 . september 1995 in bonn name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vorname . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . strasse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wohnort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . student an universitaet / hochschule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gewuenschte unterbringung ( bitte ankreuzen ) : jugendgaestehaus bonn - venusberg ( bus - transfer ) : ( ) 4 - bett - zimmer , mit fruehstueck , 31 . 50 p . p . / nacht gaestehaus d . internationalen jugendforum bonn : ( ) 2 - bett - zimmer , mit fruehstueck , 63 , oo p . p . / nacht ( ) 1 - bett - zimmer , mit fruehstueck , 95 , 00 dm p . p . / nacht studentenwohnheim : ( ) sammelunterbringung ( kueche , bad , wc ) , 10 , 00 dm p . p . / nacht ( ) besorge unterbringung selbst die angebotenen unterbringungsmoeglichkeiten koennen nur bei einer anmeldung bis zum 15 . 6 . 1995 gewaehrleistet werden . spaeter eingehende unterbringungswuensche werden erfuellt , so gut es dann noch geht . zahlung der gebuehren : teilnehmergebuer : dm . . . . . . . . unterbringung : garantiebetrag fuer 1 uebernachtung : dm . . . . . . . . den gesamtbetrag von dm . . . . . . . . ueberweise ich auch das konto n . 502199013 bei der volksbank bonn , blz 380 601 86 unter angabe des verwendungszwecks """""""" gldv - herbstschule 1995 """""""" . unterschrift : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . anmeldung bitte schicken an gesellschaft fuer linguistische datenverarbeitung e . v . * 1 . vositzender * prof . dr . winfried lenders * institut fuer kommunikationsforschung und phonetik * der universitaet bonn * poppelsdorfer allee 47 * d-53115 bonn * * tel . + 49 ( 228 ) 735646 * * fax + 49 ( 228 ) 735639 * * e-mail : lenders @ uni-bonn . de * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  1221,""""Subject: re : 6 . 280 sum : about e . h . tuttle
   
   the publisher in rutland , vt and tokyo is called charles e . tuttle , publisher , among other fine books , of andrew n . nelson 's japanese - english character dictionary . my copy of nelson is from 1975 , and i have also a copy of k . g . henshall , a guide to remembering japanese characters , with an imprint of 1990 . so the publisher still exists today , and has not just existed until the 1960s . hartmut haberland
  """",0
  1222,""""Subject: e . h . tuttle
   
   xulio sousa wrote : ) e . h . tuttle and co . : publisher located in tokyo and vermont , ) specialized in books on japan . existed at least into 1960s . they still existed at least as of last year . they publish such things as vietnamese - english dictionaries . tony wright ( twright @ accdvm . accd . edu ) st . philip 's college san antonio , texas
  """",0
  1223,""""Subject: re : 6 . 282 sum : asl dictionary on cd-rom
   
   i 'd like to point out that two of the dictionaries of asl on cd-rom mentioned in bernard comrie 's recent message , namely : - - multimedia dictionary of asl ( mm-dasl ) , release planned for summer of 1995 . - - asl dictionary on cd-rom developed by dennis cokely at linstok press , are in fact the same dictionary . i am the grant author and director of this project and would be happy to answer any questions . we do plan a summer 1995 release . the mm-dasl will allow searching from english to asl , and ( critcally , in our opinion ) , directly via asl phonological parameters . all information in the mm-dasl ( definitions , grammatical category , etc . ) are of the * asl * word ( not its english gloss , as is the case , i am told , for the harpercollins dictionary ) . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = sherman wilcox wilcox @ mail . unm . edu associate professor dept . of linguistics ( 505 ) 277-6353 v / tty university of new mexico ( 505 ) 277-6355 fax albuquerque , nm 87131 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
  """",0
  1224,""""Subject: workshop announcement articulatory databases
   
   workshop on articulatory databases munich thursday 25th and friday 26th may , 1995 we are currently starting the preparations for a two-day workshop on articulatory databases . this will be the third in the series of workshops organized by the accor working group ( a consortium of phonetic institutes financed by the european community 's esprit programme ) and and follows the electromagnetic articulography meeting in munich ( april , 1992 ) , and the tongue modelling meeting in barcelona ( december 1993 ) . a few words on the aims of a meeting devoted to such an apparently dry topic : the basic premise is that the free availability of articulatory data could provide benefits in several partly overlapping areas : in basic research it could allow investigators to test hypotheses formulated in articulatory terms on a much wider range of data than the individual worker would normally be able to acquire or access unaided . it could promote the development and testing of algorithms for deriving articulatory representations from acoustic data - relevant both for basic understanding of speech production as well as in potential applications such as speech displays for training the speech impaired . it could promote the development and testing of algorithms for speech synthesis / recognition using an articulatory level of representation . the aim of the workshop would be to generate an exchange of ideas among people active in these areas in order to identify , for example ( further suggestions welcome ) : 1 ) what articulatory data is in existence that it would be beneficial to make more freely available ( archival / retrospective approach ) ? 2 ) what standards should freely available data meet ? - specification of recording conditions - anatomical frames of reference - levels of accuracy / reliability - linguistic specification of the speech samples - preferred data structures for distribution . - any other issues relevant to the data being used without risk of misinterpretation by people not actually involved in the the details of acquisition articulatory data can come in many guises depending on the speech subsystem tapped into and the transduction technique used . thus , it is possible to monitor position ( 1 , 2 or 3 dimensions ) , force , emg , airpressure / flow with techniques that may be static or dynamic , may involve imaging or point-tracking etc . etc . we think that people directly involved in acquisition can also benefit from considering how techniques can be standardized to promote maximum comparability of recordings made at different sites and with different hardware . 3 ) in analogy to acoustic databases ( where unlabelled data is of only the most limited use ) , what segmentation and labelling information ( and tools for the exploitation thereof ) could / should be made available with the raw data to facilitate flexible access for different purposes ? 4 ) for future recordings , what categories of data and corpora would be potentially of most widespread use ? if you are interested in participating please contact phil hoole ( preferably by email ) at the address below as soon as possible . further information on registration and format for presentations will be distributed early in 1995 . please also draw this letter to the attention of any colleagues you think might be interested . phil hoole and hans tillmann institut fuer phonetik munich university schellingstr . 3 d - 80799 munich germany fax : + 49 89 2800362 email : hoole @ sun1 . phonetik . uni-muenchen . de
  """",0
  1225,""""Subject: grants - in-aid available
   
   five $ 400 . 00 grants-in - aid are available from the text and academic authors association . you have to join to be eligible ( # 35 . 00 special for new members for first year ) . monies can be used to defray almost any expenses associated with academic writing ( including travel ) . deadline is march 30 and applications should include 1 ) brief description of work incl . background , objectives and methodology ( 3 pp max double spaced ) . 2 ) budget and completion schedule 3 ) cv . send to norma hood , taa , po box 535 , orange springs , fl 32182-0535 . 904 / 546-5419 . l . kathy heilenman dept . of french & italian u . of iowa , iowa city ia 52242 ( l-heilenman @ uiowa . edu )
  """",0
  1226,""""Subject: dictionaries of subcategorization frames
   
   for a colleague who is not on the list : what dictionaries ( on-line or printed ) are available of subcategorization frames of verbs ? e . g . obligatory or optional complements or adjuncts , semantic requirements of particular predicates . we are interested in english and / or in slavic languages . please write to my address : ewb2 @ cornell . edu wayles browne , assoc . prof . of linguistics dept . of modern languages and linguistics , morrill hall cornell university ithaca , new york 14853 , u . s . a . tel . 607-255 - 0712 ( o ) , 607-273 - 3009 ( h ) e-mail ewb2 @ cornell . edu ( 1989 to 1993 was : jn5j @ cornella . bitnet / / jn5j @ cornella . cit . cornell . edu )
  """",0
  1227,""""Subject: child language
   
   i ' m a researcher of child language from finland currently involved in a longitudinal research project . i wonder if anyone could give me advice on the latest research which deals with the phonological / morphological """""""" word """""""" structure of 2 year old children . i ' m also interested if anyone has experience in imitation tasks with 18 month old children ? i 'd be grateful for any advice ulla richardson university of jyvaskyla finland e-mail : ulanri @ jyu . fi
  """",0
  1228,""""Subject: high german in southern germany
   
   i have just started a phd on """""""" the use of high german and attitudes towards high german in a south german region """""""" . at the moment i am putting together a questionaire but i also want to involve other techniques of data collection . i would like to get some more ideas on various methods of data collection . i would also like to hear about experiences with the matched guise technique . if there is any """""""" very """""""" recent literature on language attitude studies especially in dialect - standard language settings , please pass that on to me , too . thank you anne hof department of german university of manchester manchester m13 9pl england e-mail : mflugah @ fs1 . art . man . ac . uk
  """",0
  1229,""""Subject: south slavic phonology
   
   hi could anyone recommend a good fairly uncomplicated book on south slavic phonology and / or morphology ? i 'd appreciate it much . thanks , donald p . hussey boston college husseyd @ bcvms . bc . edu
  """",0
  1230,""""Subject: request : written corpus of various genres
   
   i am looking for a public corpus of about 200 , 000 words containing current written texts of various genres . i need this for text analysis in an introduction to linguistics class i will be teaching this summer . could anyone help me ? i apologize for burdening the readers with this request . i have a feeling this topic was dealt with on this list before at a time it did not interest me . i would like a corpus that would be transferable via internet and one that my students and i could quote from freely in our research . thanks . ali = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ali - asghar aghbar , dept . of english , indiana u . of pa , indiana , pa 15705 bitnet : aaghbar @ iup internet : aaghbar @ grove . iup . edu phone : 412-357 2262
  """",0
  1231,""""Subject: whatever happened to 'd ?
   
   dear subscribers , recently i came across an example of better used without had in the following construction : she better stop . as it was an american publication , i assumed that the use of had in such expressions had completely disappeared , in written as well as spoken us english . i would not have been surprised to find that it had disappeared from spoken usage , since there are obvious phonological reasons , but the loss of it in writing indicated to me that the use of better alone was quite standardised . this poses a question for me , and i was wondering if anyone out there has a suggestion . if it is now standardised , and there is no longer a had , why does n't the former bare infinitive stop now become finite and take 3ps inflection ( ? she better stops ) ? is this because it now has assumed a subjunctive-like quality ? can it then be associated with the expression : it is better that she stop ? if so , can another adjective be substituted for better here , e . g . it is good that she stop ) ? ? she good stop ? how has this been reanalysed , and what are the implications ? ( susan dopke informs me that some grammarians have interpreted better in these contexts as an auxiliary , and if that is the case , can we use sub-aux inversion to make it a question ? ( ? better she stop ? ) is this now acceptable too ? please send your suggestions if this bothers you . debbie ziegeler
  """",0
  1232,""""Subject: seminar : the conservation of endangered languages
   
   the centre for theories of language and learning university of bristol department of philosophy announces a seminar on the conservation of endangered languages friday april 21st 1995 at 9 woodland rd , bristol bs8 1tb , england according to reliable estimates , half of the world 's six thousand languages will become extinct in the next century . furthermore , two thousand of the remaining three thousand languages will be threatened during the century after next . in the uk these startling facts have recently received media attention , stimulated partly by the publication this year of the atlas of the world 's languages , edited by christopher moseley and r . e . asher ( routledge ) . the rapid decline is largely due to a mixture of economic and political pressures affecting communities that speak minority languages , pressures which remove the new generation 's motivation for communicating in their traditional language . the problem of language-extinction raises fundamental questions . what is the value of these threatened languages to science and to humankind in general ? what principles might justify us in striving to keep small languages alive ? what reasons are there for preserving them in archive form ? the seminar is aimed primarily at academics from such disciplines as philosophy , ethics , anthropology , linguistics , sociolinguistics , cultural history , ecology and population biology , but is open to all interested persons . seminar programme registration desk opens 9 . 30a . m . 10-11 am mapping the future of the world 's languages mr . christopher moseley , co - editor of atlas of the world 's languages 1994 11-12 should linguistic diversity be preserved ? dr . mark pagel , dept of zoology , oxford university 12 - 1 who wants to learn a native language in latin america ? prof . marcelo dascal , inst . of advanced studies , hebrew university of jerusalem 1 - 2 lunch 2 - 3 thinking twice : issues in welsh as a second language in children under 5 ms . sian wyn siencyn , language consultant , author of the sound of europe 3 - 4 orchestrating language revival mr . allan wynne jones , european bureau for lesser used languages 4 - 6 round table and discussion with contributions from the floor * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * seminar registration form i should like to register for the one day seminar at bristol university and enclose my cheque for the amount stated below . signature : name ( capitals ) : address and telephone : e-mail : accomodation wanted ? a limited amount of single bed and breakfast accomodation can be provided near to the seminar venue , at a cost of 22 uk pounds per night ( standard room ) or 36 uk pounds ( en suite room ) . b&b night of thursday 20th april : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ b&b night of friday 21st april : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total ( accomodation ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration fee : 5 uk pounds total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please send this form and cheque payable to ' the university of bristol ' to : ctll , graduate studies centre , 7 woodland road , bristol bs8 1tb uk . for further information , contact the seminar organisers dan brickley and andrew woodfield ( email : centre-tll @ bristol . ac . uk ) a background article on the topic is also available by email or by accessing the ctll world wide web pages using the following internet url : http : / / www . bris . ac . uk / depts / philosophy / ctll / index . html
  """",0
  1233,""""Subject: re : 6 . 293 words that are their own opposites
   
   this does n't quite qualify , but ' overlook ' means the opposite of ' look over ' : """""""" my accountant looked over my records but overlooked a deduction . . . """""""" - - - university of california riverside , ca 92521
  """",0
  1234,""""Subject: 
   
   historical ling announcing le lingue indoeuropee ( edited by anna giacalone ramat and paolo ramat ) , bologna , casa editrice il mulino , 1994 the volume is intended to provide the state of the art on the indoeuropean language family . each chapter is devoted to one subgroup and covers phonological , morphological , syntactic and lexical matters . contents : e . campanile , antichita ' indoeuropee . c . watkins , il protoindo - europeo . b . comrie , la famiglia linguistica indoeuropea : prospettive genetiche e tipologiche . r . lazzeroni , sanscrito . n . sims - williams , le lingue iraniche . w . winter , tocario . s . luraghi , le lingue anatoliche , r . ajello , armeno . h . m . hopenigswald , greco . e . vineis , latino . d . silvestri , le lingue italiche . p . sims - williams , le lingue celtiche . p . ramat , le lingue germaniche . h . andersen , le lingue slave . w . schmalstieg , le lingue baltiche , s . demiraj , albanese . subject index name index available from : casa editrice il mulino , strada maggiore 37 , 40125 bologna ( italy ) phonology & phonetics taylor , paul a . a phonetic model of intonation in english . 1994 . 172 pp . 6x9 book , prepaid us $ 25 . 00 + 3 . 50 p&h . iulc publications , 720 e . atwater ave . , bloomington in 47401-3634 . < iulc @ indiana . edu > phonetics . addresses the problem of relating the acoustic and phonological descriptions of intonation . a multi-level approach and new description systems on the phonological and phonetic levels are proposed . computer algorithms attempt to analyze and synthesize f0 contours using the new systems . experiments and results are presented . socioling the discourse of negotiation - studies of language in the workplace edited by alan firth , denmark isbn : 0-08 - 042400 - 7 hardback viewing negotiations at a micro level of analysis , this book focuses on a wide variety of settings , from industrial meetings to comsumer helplines . * available for discussion * published october 1994 by elsevier science ltd tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1865 843685
  """",0
  1235,""""Subject: estuary english
   
   for the listserv a friend of mine who is not on the list has asked me to post a request for references or information on a variety of spoken british english called estuary english . if anybody can help , please send a reply to me directly and i will forward the messages . thanks a lot in advance . ana parrondo
  """",0
  1236,""""Subject: formal semantics and sign ( ed ) languages
   
   dear fellow linguists , is any of you aware of any formal semantic approaches to sign ( ed ) languages ? the bibliography of joachin & prillwitz ( hamburg : signum 1993 ) does n't give any clue . the only name we can think of ourselves in this respect is karen petronio , who gave a talk at barbara partee 's qquantification workshop at the linguistic institute in tucson , az . , in 1989 , and who wrote a dissertation at u . of washington in 1993 . according to the linguistic nameserver her email address is petronio @ uconnvm . bitnet , but that adress no longer works . where can she be reached these days ? other information about this topic is welcome as well . if there is enough response , i will give a summary . thank you ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ton van der wouden pionier - project reflections of logical patterns in language structure and language use bcn / vakgroep nederlands telephone + 31 50 635632 oude kijk in ' t jatstraat 26 home + 31 50 272737 postbus 716 email : vdwouden @ let . rug . nl 9700 as groningen the netherlands http : / / www . let . rug . nl / linguistics / vdwouden . html - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  1237,""""Subject: q : van lancker , automatic speech preprint
   
   content - length : 1385 i would appreciate any leads on a paper by diana van lancker which was cited as a preprint but appears never to have been published ( as far as i can determine ) . victoria fromkin is mentioned as van lancker 's colleague . perhaps one of them or another helpful soul will be kind enough to fill me in on the paper 's fate . """""""" a hypothetical continuum of propositional and automatic speech modes and their properties """""""" by diana van lancker . cited on p . 13 in bolinger , d . ( 1976 ) . meaning and memory . forum linguisticum , 1 ( 1 ) , 1-14 . please reply directly . thank you . dave leech ucla , dept . of applied linguistics ihw1ihy @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu
  """",0
  1238,""""Subject: summary : french course
   
   content - length : 2567 a few weeks ago i posted a request for information regarding textbooks for an undergraduate linguistics course on the structures of french . i 'd like to express my thanks to the people listed below for responding , and for all their very helpful suggestions : helene ossipov kristina harris k . heilenman lisa reed raphael salkie paul rowlett michael picone e . dean detrich hilary g sachs laurel watkins adee matan nelson rojas here 's a bibliography containing some of the possible textbooks . the first one listed ( battye & hintze ) was the most widely cited ; most people seemed pleased with it , but not everyone . several respondants said that there simply was no satisfactory textbook for such a course ( at least among books written in english ) . adrian battye & marie - anne hintze ( 1992 ) . the french language today . london : routledge . isbn 0-415 - 07814 - 8 ( pbk ) chiss , j . - l . , j . filliolet & d . maingeneau ( 1978 ) . linguistique francaise : initiation a la problematique structurale . paris : hachette . eluerd , roland ( 1984 ) . pour aborder la linguistique . paris : les editions esf . leon , p . , p . bhatt & r . baligand ( 1992 ) . structure du francais moderne . toronto : canadian scholar 's press . ager , dennis ( 1990 ) . sociolinguistics and comtemporary french . cambridge u . press . ( isbn : 0-521 - 39730 - 8 ( p ) ) walter , henriette ( 1994 ) . french inside and out . routledge . ( isbn : 0-415 - 07670 - 6 ) ( first published in french : le francais dans tous les sens , robert laffont . ) judge , anne and f . g . healey ( 1983 ) . a reference grammar of modern french . london : edward arnold . ( isbn : 0-7131 - 6453 - 0 ) grundstrom , allan w . ( 1983 ) . l ' analyse du francais . lanham : university press of america . ( isbn : 0-8191 - 3569 - 0 ) thanks once again to everyone who responded ! rich epstein ( epstein @ bend . ucsd . edu )
  """",0
  1239,""""Subject: yuen ren chao
   
   content - length : 311 there is an appreciation of the work of yuen ren chao ( 1892-1982 ) on the web at : http : / / weber . u . washington . edu / ~ yuenren / chaobiography . html your comments are welcome . david prager branner , yuen ren society asian l&l , do-21 , university of washington seattle , wa 98195 ( charmii @ u . washington . edu )
  """",0
  1240,""""Subject: release of agfl home page
   
   this message announces the release of the world wide web home page of agfl ( affix grammars over a finite lattice ) . 1 . agfl the agfl formalism , developed at the university of nijmegen , the netherlands , is a formalism in which context free grammars can be described compactly . agfls are two level grammars : a first , context free level is augmented with features for expressing agreement between parts of speech . features are treated as types , and their values may range over the subsets of a given finite set , which explains the acronym affix grammars over a finite lattice . agfl grammars are transformed into a parser by the parser generator opt . the generated parser is a recursive backup parser which computes the values of the affixes on the fly . in this way , fast and efficient parsers can be generated . the formalism is quite simple and limited , and therefore easy to read and write . agfl comes with a grammar workbench gwb , supporting the development of grammars and the checking of their consistency . the agfl formalism does not require any special hardware . the parser generator opt runs on regular sparc - systems and ms-dos machines ( 386 or higher ) and is relatively small . for instance , the ms-dos version requires less than 1 mb harddisk space . 2 . agfl on the web agfl has now been made available to the ( computational ) linguistic community . we think it can be used by ( computational ) linguists who are in need of a simple grammar formalism with a fast parser generator , suitable for experimental purposes . therefore , we have made agfl available via ftp and , recently , via www . the agfl home page contains information about the agfl formalism like the agfl manual , documentation and papers , sample grammars and the latest developments . there is also the possibility to download the software and to register yourself as an agfl user . you are invited to take a look at the home page and to read the information or to download the software . please feel free to make use of agfl and its home page ; we look forward to hear about your experiences . we are currently planning an agfl workshop in june . the latest news about this workshop can also be found on the agfl home page . the url of the agfl home page is : http : / / www . cs . kun . nl / agfl / the address of the ftp - site is : ftp : / / hades . cs . kun . nl / pub / agfl / the organisation of the www page should be self-explanatory . the structure of the ftp - site is as follows : - readme - doc : this directory contains a number of relevant papers - pc386 : this directory contains software for ms-dos machines and an installation guide . - sun4 : this directory contains software for sparc - stations and an installation guide . any questions or remarks with respect to agfl or the agfl home page can be sent to : www-agfl @ cs . kun . nl . on behalf of the agfl team , erik oltmans department of computer science university of nijmegen the netherlands
  """",0
  1241,""""Subject: re : linguistics in science fiction
   
   with regard to mike maxwell 's recent posting about linguistics in science fiction , there is a very funny and interesting piece by brian aldiss called """""""" confluence """""""" , consisting entirely of a lexicon of words in an alien language , tentatively translated into english . it 's in judith merril , ed . , sf 12 , dell , n . y . , 1968 . tom ernst ternst @ brahms . udel . edu
  """",0
  1242,""""Subject: job : research assistant in pragmatics
   
   applications are invited for a one-year research assistantship at the university of ulster at jordanstown , n . ireland , to work directly on an esrc - funded project entitled """""""" relevance , beliefs and political conflict in northern ireland , commencing 1 may 1995 . applicants must have a first or second class honours degree ( or equivalent first degree ) or higher degree in linguistics or communication . preference will be given to candidates who have a phd or who have previous relevant research experience . further details may be obtained by telephoning : ( uk ) 01232-366243 or 1232-366175 , quoting referencej95 / 071 , or by e-mailing dr john wilson , j . wilson @ ulst . ac . uk . the closing date for applications is 17 march , so if you have a fax number it may be advisable to give this so that materials can be faxed to you rather than sent in the mail .
  """",0
  1243,""""Subject: job announcements
   
   my chair has asked me to post these two job announcements . if anyone can suggest other lists , esp . serving applied linguists and second language acquisitionists , where these should be posted , please let me know . both positions are one-year appointments , but , pending approval , similar positions will be re-advertised as tenure-track next year . mike picone university of alabama mpicone @ ua1vm . ua . edu the university of alabama would like to announce the following positions : visiting assistant professor ( or equivalent level ) beginning fall , 1995 . spanish . abd or ph . d . native or near native proficiency in spanish and english , with specialty in applied linguistics and second language acquisition . experience in methodology and coordination of multisection language courses . demonstrated record of classroom success and commitment to scholarship . application , vita , and three letters of recommendation to dr . michael schnepf , chair , by march 23 . minorities and women are encouraged apply . the university of alabama is an equal opportunity employer . university of alabama , department of romance languages & classics , box 870246 , tuscaloosa , al 35487-0246 . visiting assistant professor beginning fall 1995 . french . ph . d . preferred . abd candidates will be considered for appointment at instructor level . one - year appointment . native or near-native proficiency in french and english , with concentration in linguistics and / or second language acquisition . experience in methodology and coordination of multisection language courses . demonstrated record of classroom success and commitment to scholarship . application , vita , and three letters of recommendation to dr . michael schnepf , chair , by april 3rd . minorities and women are encouraged to apply . the university of alabama , department of romance languages & classics , box 870246 , tuscaloosa , al 35487-0246 .
  """",0
  1244,""""Subject: summer internship in multimodal systems
   
   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please post or pass along to appropriate mailing lists . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nsf-funded summer internships in hci & multimodal systems applications are invited from outstanding upper-level undergraduate and graduate students for full-time summer internship positions in human-computer interaction and multimodal systems . funding for these internships is sponsored by the national science foundation , and is part of a larger project entitled """""""" writing and talking to future interactive systems . """""""" students selected will participate in an interdisciplinary , team-oriented research project investigating people 's spoken , pen-based , and multimodal input to interactive computer systems . one aim of this research is the design of successful interfaces for multimodal systems and portable devices . this work is being conducted in a new state-of - the-art laboratory facility in the computer science department at the oregon graduate institute of science and technology ( ogi ) , which is located in the portland metropolitan area within 12-15 minutes of the city . applicants with a background in cognitive science , computer science , psychology , linguistics , or human factors are encouraged to apply , and interests in the following areas is preferred : human-computer interaction , multimodal systems , human communication and behavior , linguistics and natural language processing , speech and pen technology , research design and statistics . experience working with human subjects , scoring and analyzing language-oriented behavior , using statistical software , or programming in c + and x - windows would be most relevant to the project . to apply , submit a resume , xerox copy of course transcripts , names and contact information for 3 references , and a brief statement of research / career interests by march 31 to : dr . sharon oviatt department of computer science oregon graduate institute of science & technology p . o . box 91000 portland , oregon 97291 ( or via email to oviatt @ cse . ogi . edu ) women and minority applicants are encouraged to apply .
  """",0
  1245,""""Subject: ( fwd ) re : cantonese / english bilingual research associate
   
   university of newcastle upon tyne department of speech cantonese / english bilingual research associate applications are invited for a 3 - year appointment as research associate from 1st october , 1995 . the successful candidate is expected to work , along with two other ras , on an esrc - funded research project , looking into first language development of british - born cantonese - speaking children . the candidate should be cantonese / english bilingual and preferably hold a higher degree in either speech science or linguistics , although candidates with other qualifications will be considered . the appointee will have major responsibilities for community-based fieldwork , data transcription and analysis . a working knowledge of language profiling procedures , e . g . larsp , is necessary . the starting salary is stlg15 , 556 ( under review ) . two copies of a letter of application and full curriculum vitae , together with names and addresses ( preferably with fac numbers ) of three referees should be sent to dr li wei , department of speech , university of newcastle upon tyne , ne1 7ru by 13th april . informal enquiries may be made to dr li wei on + 44 ( 0 ) 191 222 6760 / 7388 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 191 222 6518 e - mail : li . wei @ newcastle . ac . uk
  """",0
  1246,""""Subject: job opening
   
   i ' m posting this for someone who is not on linguist , so please direct all replies to the address given below . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - motorola , inc . has an opening for an individual to research and develop spoken language systems at the motorola corporate research center in schaumburg , illinois . this individual will be a member of an interdisciplinary team exploring the integration of speech recognition , speech synthesis , and natural language processing technologies for product applications of man-machine communications . the duties of the position include applied research , software development , data collection , and transfer of developed technologies to product groups . innovation in research and application of technology is the standard for all members of the team . experience in natural language processing or speech recognition is required . in particular concentration in parsing spoken language , dialogue modelling , multi-modal human machine interaction , speech recognition search algorithms , or language modelling is preferred . a phd in computer science or ee or direct experience in one of these areas is desired . strong candidates with masters degree will also be considered . programming skills in c or c + + are also required . please send resume and cover letter by april 24 , 1995 to be considered for this position . to : harry bliss chicago corporate research laboratories 1301 e . algonquin road , room 3127 schaumburg , il 60196 fax : ( 708 ) 576-0541 email : bliss @ mot . com
  """",0
  1247,""""Subject: job at soas
   
   school of oriental and african studies university of london lectureship in linguistics applications are invited for a lectureship in linguistics with reference to syntax / morphology in the department of linguistics . the successful candidate will be expected to combine active research in theoretical syntax / morphology with an ability to teach these subjects at both undergraduate and graduate level . the department offers full programmes at the ba , ma and phd level . applicants with a research interest in african , asian or middle eastern languages are preferred . applicants should have completed or be about to complete a phd on a relevant topic ; teaching experience would also be an asset . the appointment will date from 1st september 1995 . it will be made on the lecturer a scale ( stlg14 , 756 - stlg19 , 326 p . a . ) or lecturer b scale ( stlg20 , 133 - stlg25 , 735 p . a . ) depending upon qualifications and experience , plus london allowance , currently stlg2 , 134 p . a . membership of uss , the university pension scheme will be available . further particulars may be obtained from the soas - linguistics web page ( http : / / jk . soas . ac . uk ) or the personnel office , school of oriental and african studies , thornhaugh street , russell square , london wc1h 0xg ( tel : 0171 323 6189 between 10 : 30am - 2 : 00pm ) . candidates may apply directly by letter supported by a full curriculum vitae , at least two representative publications , and the names , addresses , fax and telephone numbers of three referees . further information may also be obtained from the secretary of the linguistics department ( tel : 0171 323 6332 ) or from rk @ soas . ac . uk . closing date : monday , 17th april 1995 soas is an equal opportunities employer
  """",0
  1248,""""Subject: item for linguist
   
   in memoriam simon c . dik ( 1940-1995 ) it is with great sadness that we inform you of the death , on march 1 , 1995 , of simon c . dik , one of the world 's leading theoreticians in functional linguistics . simon had occupied the chair of general linguistics at the university of amsterdam for 25 years when in 1994 his illness , which had manifested itself two years earlier , forced him to resign . during these 25 years he developed the theory of functional grammar , the foundations for which had been laid in his 1968 dissertation on coordination . as far as his illness allowed him , simon continued working on the further development of this theory until his death . the results of this work , the two-volume ' the theory of functional grammar ' , will be published posthumously . during his career simon has been a constant source of inspiration and encouragement , both as a teacher and as a scholar , for his colleagues and students . the significance of his work for the field of linguistics and the effectivity of the enormous energy which he put into promoting linguistic research deserve our recognition and gratitude . we , members of the community of linguists working within the framework of functional grammar , especially feel the loss of our personal contacts with him . we gratefully acknowledge his unending and invaluable involvement in the progress of linguistic research until the very end . simon leaves behind his wife willy , his daughters iris and hester , and his son remco . machtelt bolkestein ( ot @ alf . let . uva . nl ) casper de groot ( casperdg @ alf . let . uva . nl ) kees hengeveld ( khengeveld @ alf . let . uva . nl )
  """",0
  1249,""""Subject: special journal issue on computer - mediated discourse analysis
   
   content - length : 3158 * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * call for manuscripts electronic journal of communication / la revue electronique de communication special issue on """""""" computer - mediated discourse analysis """""""" guest editor : susan herring one of the most exciting recent developments in discourse analysis is the availability of data from computer-mediated interactions , such as those that take place on the internet , usenet , and in synchronous modes such as chat and muds / moos . computer - mediated interaction raises intriguing issues of how the communicative medium shapes language use , as well as providing large quantities of authentic , pre-transcribed data which can be used to shed light on existing problems of linguistic analysis . this special issue will be the first publication devoted exclusively to the linguistic analysis of computer-mediated discourse . while any application of linguistic methodology to computer-mediated data is welcome , manuscripts are especially encouraged that report on pragmatic , sociolinguistic / interactional , or textual analyses , or focus on issues of methodology or genre . possible topics include ( but are not limited to ) : - use of orthographic conventions , including emoticons , in computer - mediated language - analysis of turn-taking , topic nomination and development , reference and cohesion , discourse markers , speech acts , politeness etc . in computer-mediated discussions - linguistic characterization of cmc genres and text types - lexico-grammatical analysis of cmc corpora - the negotiation of meaning in computer-mediated interaction - the use and representation of languages other than english ; code switching and language contact on computer networks - gender differences in computer-mediated interaction - the effects of cmc on 2nd language acquisition - psycholinguistic processing of computer-mediated messages etc . about the journal : the ejc / rec is an electronic journal that adheres to rigorous standards of peer review . only original work that has not been published previously will be considered for publication . authors wishing to submit manuscripts for consideration should prepare them in electronic format according to the ejc / rec author guide , which is available on the world wide web at http : / / trill . berkeley . edu / guide-to - the-lab / resouces / people / cmc . html or by request from susan @ utafll . uta . edu . manuscript length should ideally be between 5000 and 7500 words , although shorter and longer manuscripts may also be considered . deadline : the deadline for receipt of manuscripts is may 25 , 1995 . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = e - mail questions and requests for author guide to : susan @ utafll . uta . edu or send by regular mail or fax to : susan herring editor special ejc / rec issue on computer - mediated discourse analysis program in linguistics university of texas arlington , tx 76019 usa fax : 817 273-2731 * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ * @ *
  """",0
  1250,""""Subject: call for papers
   
   content - length : 3653 call for papers for the fourth international conference on the cognitive science of natural language processing dublin city university , 5 - 7 july 1995 subject areas : this is a non-exclusive list of subjects which fall within the scope of csnlp . it is intended as a guide only . * corpus - based nlp * connectionist nlp * statistical and knowledge-based mt * linguistic knowledge representation * cognitive linguistics * declarative approaches to nlp * nlg and nlu * dialogue and discourse * human language processing * text linguistics * evaluation of nlp * hybrid approaches to nlp submissions may deal with theoretical issues , applications , databases or other aspects of csnlp , but the importance of cognitive aspects should be borne in mind . papers should report original substantive research . theme : the role of syntax there is currently considerable debate regarding the place and importance of syntax in nlp . papers dealing with this matter will be given preference . invited speakers : the following speakers have agreed to give keynote talks : mark steedman , university of pennsylvania alison henry , university of ulster registration and accommodation : the registration fee will be ir # 60 , and will include proceedings , lunches and one evening meal . accommodation can be reserved in the campus residences at dcu . a single room is ir # 16 per night , with full irish breakfast an additional ir # 4 . accommodation will be """""""" first come , first served """""""" : there is a heavy demand for campus rooms in the summer . there are also several hotels and b&b establishments nearby : addresses will be provided on request . to register , contact alex monaghan at the addresses given below . payment in advance is possible but not obligatory . please state gender ( for accommodation purposes ) and any unusual dietary requirements . submission of abstracts : those wishing to present a paper at csnlp should submit a 400 - word abstract to arrive not later than 10 / 4 / 95 . abstracts should give the author 's full name and address , with email address if possible , and should be sent to : csnlp alex monaghan school of computer applications dublin city university dublin 9 ireland email submissions are preferred , plain ascii text please to : - - - - - - - - - alex @ compapp . dcu . ie ( internet ) completed papers should be around 8 pages long , although longer papers will be considered if requested . camera - ready copy must be submitted to arrive in dublin by 19 / 6 / 94 . no particular conference style will be imposed , but papers should be legible ( 12pt laser printed ) and well-structured . deadlines : 10th april - - - submission of 400 - word abstract 1st may - - - notification of acceptance 19th june - - - deadline for receipt of camera-ready paper ( c . 8 pages ) 26th june - - - final date for registration , accommodation , meals etc .
  """",0
  1251,""""Subject: symposium on spanish linguistics - linguistics in spain
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * spanish linguistics * linguistics in spain * spanish linguistics * * linguistics in spain * spanish linguistics * linguistics in spain * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * conference at umist , manchester , 19-20 may 1995 * speakers from spain and uk * organised by instituto cervantes , department of language and linguistics , umist , and the north - west centre for romance linguistics * talks in spanish and english obkectives and scope of the symposium the general purpose of the symposium is to bring to england some , mainly younger , researchers from spain to talk about their work , and let them meet a few researchers working in england for an exchange of views and possibly for establishing or renewing contacts . the research interest at the centre for computational linguistics ( ccl ) has traditionally been with computable linguistics and within this broader field we have concentrated mainly on applications such as machine translation , nlp , language engineering , call , terminology , databases , etc . with particular stress on the multilingual dimension for overcoming interlingual communication problems . this orientation has coloured our selection of speakers . while ccl does not have any particular strength in spanish linguistics , - - spanish is only taught to subsidiary level - - there is a regular presence of phd and msc students from spain in the centre which provides for continuous contacts with a number of spanish universities . the symposium is being organised jointly by the instituto cervantes of manchester and ccl , umist . the event is addressed to a small number of language specialists from uk universities not exceeding , including speakers , the number of 50 participants . admission to the symposium is therefore limited and an early indication of firm interest is appreciated . the language of papers is predominantly spanish . list of speakers dr gabriel amores . ( universidad de sevilla ) lecta : a spanish to english speech machine translation prototype . dr joseba abaitua . ( universidad de deusto ) ingenierma de la lengua y normalizacisn ling | mstica . victoria arranz . ( umist , manchester ) sublanguage - based nlp and corpus-based knowledge acquisition with reference to both english and spanish . dr toni badia . ( universitat pompeu fabra . barcelona ) los complementos de los nombres . dr john butt . ( king 's college london ) constraints on the use of the passive in spanish and english . prof teresa cabri . directora , institut universitari de ling | mstica apliacada . ( universitat pompeu fabra , barcelona ) el instituto universitario de ling | mstica aplicada de la universidad pompeu fabra : lmneas y proyectos . elena martmnez caro . ( universidad complutense de madrid ) el orden de los constituyentes como mecanismo de expresisn pragmatica en espaqol en contraste con los utilizados en inglis . prof josi luis cifuentes . ( universidad de alicante ) semantica y cognicisn de los usos prepositivos en espaqol . irina reyero . ( umist ) the representation of locative expressions in a cognitive nlp environment . a contrastive analysis in english and spanish . cost 15 pounds , including buffet lunch on saturday 20th may . a total of 40 places are available and will be allocated on a first come basis . please reserve your place by writing , fax or e-mail to the organiser . you will be sent a full programme and abstracts of the papers . for further details contact : vicente m . forcada - sanz symposioum : spanish linguistics - - linguistics in spain ccl , umist , p . o . box 88 manchester m60 1qd phone : 0161 200 3101 ( departmental office ) fax : 0161 200 3099 e-mail : vicente @ ccl . umist . ac . uk
  """",0
  1252,""""Subject: digital recorders
   
   a couple of weeks before the break i posted a message asking for information about portable digital recorders for phonetic / phonological fieldwork . since a couple of people told me that they were interested in knowing the results of my inquiry , here is a summary of the replies : several people who replied to me recommended sony recorders , in particular the tcd-d7 or the tcd-d10 . i am told that these machines are somewhat expensive . it appears that there is a cheaper but still adequate machine produced by jvc : jvc xd - p1 pro bk . the sony mini disc portable recorder mz - 1 was also highly recommended . thank you to everyone who replied to me : maquela brizuela , rianne doeleman , hannes pirker , ingo plag , stephanie maietta and alex francis . ( sorry if i am forgetting someone 's name ) . jose ignacio hualde dept . of spanish , italian , and portuguese 4080 flb univ . of illinois , urbana , il 61801 jihualde @ ux1 . cso . uiuc . edu
  """",0
  1253,""""Subject: 
   
   lang acquisition lopez ornat , susana : la adquisicion de la lengua espanyola . madrid , siglo xxi . ( c / plaza , 5 ; madrid-28043 ; o : cerro del agua , 248 ; mexico , d . f 04310 ) . isbn : 84-323 - 0847 - 1 . contiene , por primera vez en nuestro campo , los textos completos de la base de datos longitudinal de maria ( madrid ) entre 1 ; 7 y 4 ; 0 anyos . incluye tambien el analisis del proceso temprano de adquisicion de la morfosintaxis de la lengua espanyola . obtiene conclusiones tanto especificas de nuestra lengua como generales . el texto indica tambien como obtener los ficheros de datos textuales , su analisis linguistico y su analisis psicolinguistico a traves de una instruccion ftp . syntax two new books in syntax are available now ( at reduced prices ) : 1 . b . lust , m . suner , j . whitman ( eds ) . 1994 . syntactic theory and first language acquisition : cross-linguitic perspectives . volume 1 . heads , projections , and learnability . lawrence erlbaum press , n . j . ( special pre-paid price $ 39 . 95 ) ; 2 . b . lust , g . hermon , j . kornfilt ( eds ) . 1994 . syntactic theory and first language acquisition : cross-linguistic perspectives . volume 2 . binding , dependencies , and learnability . lawrence erlbaum press , n . j . ( special prepaid price $ 45 . 00 ) .
  """",0
  1254,""""Subject: job
   
   postdoctoral position at the max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen , the netherlands the max planck institute for psycholinguistics invites applications for a three-quarter - time postdoctoral research position in its language production research unit . the duration of the appointment will be three years . the junior staff member will participate in the research project on lexical access , which traces the process of spoken word production from accessing a lexical concept to the initiation and execution of a word 's articulation in context . the project relies heavily on reaction time experimentation and computational modeling ; it also links up with brain imaging work in the institute . applicants should have a phd in one of the relevant cognitive sciences ( such as psycholinguistics , phonology , phonetics ) . we are in particular interested in applicants who have the rare combination of skills in both reaction time experimentation and lexical / sub-lexical phonology , because phonological encoding of words is a major theme in the project . applications including a cv ( mention any languages you know ) , a list of publications / reports , and names of two referents should be sent per e-mail , fax , or letter to : prof . willem j . m . levelt , director max planck institute for psycholinguistics wundtlaan 1 nl-6525 xd nijmegen the netherlands fax : ( 31 - ) 80-521213 e-mail : pim @ mpi . nl deadline for applications : april 3 , 1995 . for further information you may contact : dr . antje meyer ( same address and fax number ) e-mail : asmeyer @ mpi . nl phone : ( 31 - ) 80-521309
  """",0
  1255,""""Subject: job opportunity - linguistic intern position
   
   linguistic summer internship lexicon naming , inc . , a consulting firm that develops worldwide brand names and new corporate names , seeks a full-time summer intern for its brand language group . the intern will collaborate with a team of staff linguists to : - produce reference materials for creative work on names for english and foreign markets . - prepare linguistic analyses of names using phonetic , morphological , and semantic criteria from the major world languages . - develop effective new ways of applying linguistics to the naming process . we would like to hear from applicants whose experience covers the study of both sound and meaning in a number of major languages of the world . we are interested in applicants with an in-depth background in key linguistic subdisciplines such as phonology and morphology , historical linguistics , and the linguistic study of metaphor . candidates for the internship should have a ph . d . in linguistics or should be working on a ph . d . dissertation in linguistics . the internship will be available starting in june , 1995 , for a period of three to four months . the salary range is $ 20 - $ 25 per hour , depending on education , credentials , and experience . please send a letter of application describing your interests , background , and availability , a curriculum vitae , names and addresses of three references , and three representative publications to : brand language group lexicon naming , inc . 3030 bridgeway sausalito ca 94965
  """",0
  1256,""""Subject: position announcement
   
   the department of tesl and applied linguistics at the university of california , los angeles announces an opening for a language testing specialist , rank to be determined . the position is a one-year temporary position , with the possibility of renewal for a second year , pending final budgetary approval . the appointee will be expected to teach three courses , such as a basic course in language testing , an advanced course in language test construction and administration , and a course in experimental design and statistical analysis for applied linguistics . the appointee will also take primary responsibility for overseeing the development and administration of the english as a second language placement exam ( eslpe ) and advise on other language testing projects the department is currently involved in . ph . d . in hand at time of application is preferred . applications must be received by april 15 , 1995 and should include letter , vita , three letters of reference , and representative publications . send applications to : chair , search committee , department of tesl & applied linguistics , 3300 rolfe hall , p . o . box 951531 , los angeles , ca 90095-1531 . fax : 310 / 206-4118 ; phone : 310 / 825-4631 . electronic mail inquiries can be addressed to lyn @ humnet . ucla . edu . ucla is an affirmative action , equal opportunity employer . women and members of underrepresented minorities are encouraged to apply .
  """",0
  1257,""""Subject: j . r . firth 's ' context of situation '
   
   thanks to the following people who kindly responded to my inquiry into work which attempts to apply j . r . firth 's notion of ' context of situation ' to studies of discourse : tom craven gudula stegmann graham mcgregor joe foley koenraad kuiper richard ogden in summary , it appears that although firth 's notion is familiar to many sociolinguists , discourse and conversation analysts - as evidenced in references typically appearing in overviews on the notion of ' context ' - surprisingly little work has been , or is being , actually undertaken on the topic . a reference where this phenomenon is exemplified is the introductory chapter in duranti , a . & goodwin , c . ( 1992 ) ( eds . ) rethinking context . cup . koenraad kuiper reports that he has a forthcoming paper which offers a reappraisal of the origins of the term ' context of situation ' ; graham mcgregor has conducted an ( unpublished ) study of person-reference which incorporates firth 's notion into his analytical approach . i shall be happy to inform readers of the list of my future uncoverings of applied firthian linguistics . alan firth aalborg university , denmark
  """",0
  1258,""""Subject: response to the linguist list query . . .
   
   several weeks ago , i submitted the following query to the the linguist list : ) do you know of any written description of soundex code and its rules ) i ' m writing a software program to help my wife decode surnames in her ) genealogical research . the only description i ' ve located to date is a ) summary leaving lots of unanswered questions . i received 12 responses , including two from australia and one from the uk . in total , they included the code for two c language programs , access to a third c function , a basic program and an offer of a pascal program , all which reputed to perform soundex translation . the origin of soundex was attributed to the 1880 us census as well as to odell and russel in 1920 . nearly all respondants referred to or paraphrased pages 391 through 392 of """""""" the art of computer programming , vol . 3 sorting and searching """""""" , donald knuth , addison wesley , 1973 for a description of the soundex algorithm . [ knuth attributed his description to 1918 and 1922 u . s . patents by margaret k . odell and robert c . russell . ] the respondants were : burns @ cyc . com goodr @ uxa . cso . uiuc . edu bill @ hivnet . ubc . ca evan . antworth @ sil . org goertzen @ rrnet . com ( included the code for soundex . bas , published in """""""" pc magazine 29 sep 92 , offer of a soundex routine in pascal , and direction to a c function metaphon ( ) """""""" which claims to correct flaws in the original soundex routine """""""" in the c gazette , june 1991 ) mis @ seiden . com ( included the code for two c language programs , one employing a table lookup , the other a switch statement ) macrakis @ osf . org ( included knuth 's references : us patents 1261167 ( 1918 ) , 1435663 ( 1922 ) ; j . acm 8 : 538 ( 1961 ) ; commun . acm 5 : 169 ( 1962 ) ; federal population censuses 1790-1890 ( national archives , 1971 ) , p 90 . sds5 @ ukc . ac . uk lojbab @ access . digex . net ( included a source for c code on the internet ) wasserman @ mary . fordham . edu jhs @ extro . ucc . su . oz . au mfw @ lexicon . oz . au thank you all for your interest and effort to respond .
  """",0
  1259,""""Subject: five words in lots of languages
   
   content - length : 1883 dear wonderfully cooperative linguist readers , the reponse to my request for translations in lots of languages of the words : memory foot water sun fire was such that i now have 66 languages . i could do with lots more though , so if you can give me these words in a language which does n't appear in the list below , i 'd be grateful : maltese , moore , hungarian , gilbertese , salinan / hokan , fula , wolof , hawaiian , marshallese , bislama , fijian , tagalog , cantonese , southern min , mandarin , pitjantjatjara , bahasa , achumawi , chickusaw , modern western armenian , spanish , catalan , portuguese , arabic , upper sorbian , chechen , egyptian hieroglyphic , turkish , basque , lappish / sa ( a ) mi , norwegian , west frisian , danish , swahili , breton , irish , san miguel chimalapa zoque , classical greek , latin , albanian , bosnian , bulgarian , croatian , czech , eastern ( meadow ) mari , erzya mordvin , farsi , finnish , french , galician , modern greek , modern hebrew , italian , japanese , korean , nenets , occitan , polish , rumanian , russian , shoshoni , slovene , swedish , thai , welsh and many thanks again to all those who responded to my original request . paul rowlett
  """",0
  1260,""""Subject: esrc quota awards for masters
   
   university of essex department of language and linguistics the department of language and linguistics has been awarded three esrc studentship quota awards to fund one ma student on each of the following advanced training courses in 1995 - 6 : * * * ma in applied linguistics * * * ma in sociolinguistics and language variation * * * ma in linguistics awards cover the course fees and provide a subsistence allowance at current research council rates , and are open for uk / eu students . nominations for the awards will be made by the department , which proposes to select the best candidate for each award on a competition basis . students wishing to apply for one of these awards should request an application form for the relevant scheme from the graduate admissions secretary in the department , making clear that they are are interested in the esrc quota award . the departmental closing date for consideration for the esrc quota awards is friday april 14th 1995 . short - listed candidates may be called for interview between april 14th and may 5th . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the department is a major centre for teaching and research in theoretical and applied linguistics and has achieved the highest rating for its research activities in each of the three research selectivity exercises in the uk . further details and an application form can be obtained from : graduate admissions secretary , department of language and linguistics , university of essex , wivenhoe park , colchester , co4 3sq , uk tel : + 44 1206 872083 fax : + 44 1206 872085 email : laladms @ essex . ac . uk
  """",0
  1261,""""Subject: phd studentships
   
   university of essex department of language and linguistics phd studentships one fully-funded phd studentship ( 3 years ) applications are invited from uk / eu students to pursue doctoral research for up to three years . fees will be paid by the university and students will receive a bursary from the department at current research council rates . one part-funded phd studentship ( 3 years ) applications are invited from students anywhere in the world to pursue doctoral research for up to three years . uk / eu rate fees will be paid by the university and students will receive a bursary from the department at current research council rates . non uk / eu students will eb liable for the residue of the fees ( current fee difference is 3 , 200 pounds per annum ) , although the possibility exists of applying for further support to the ors . students applying for either of the above studentships shoudl have a good first degree and be willing to investigate a topic compatible with the department 's research priorities . applications are particularly welcome from those wishing to pursue research in theoretical aspects of language acquisition ( first or second ) , syntax , psycholinguistics , sociolinguistics or phonology , but applicants with other interests should not be discouraged from applying . successful candidates will be required to undertake limited teaching and / or research assistant duties . the closing date is 31st march 1995 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the department is a major centre for teaching and research in theoretical and applied linguistics and has achieved the highest rating for its research activities in each of the three research selectivity exercises in the uk . web page at http : / / www . essex . ac . uk further details and an application form can be obtained from : graduate admissions secretary , department of language and linguistics , university of essex , wivenhoe park , colchester , co4 3sq , uk tel : + 44 1206 872083 fax : + 44 1206 872085 email : laladms @ essex . ac . uk
  """",0
  1262,""""Subject: thai lang school
   
   * * * * * announcement * * * * * the institute of language and culture for rural development , mahidol university will offer the regular and intensive courses """""""" thai for non-native speakers """""""" to the public in summer 1995 . both courses are basic courses for beginners who do not have any previous knowledge of thai . students will acquire listening and speaking skills and learn how to communicate basic needs concerning : travel , polite social interactions , ordering food , asking for directions , making purchases , and telling time . thai writing will also be introduced . regular course time : march 20 - may 8 , 1995 monday , wednesday and thursday , 9 . 00 - 12 . 00 place : pata department store , pinklao branch ( 4th floor of kfc building ) tuition : 5 , 900 baht ( covering all learning materials , excursions , and refreshments ) application : by march 15 , 1995 intensive course time : july 17 - august 4 , 1995 monday through friday , 9 . 30 - 14 . 30 place , tuition , and application : to be announced . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * application form * * * * * * thai for non-native speakers regular course 1995 title : mr . , ms . , mrs . , miss first name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . last name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . institution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mailing address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telephone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e - mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . signature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please submit your application form to : thai for non-native speakers institute of language and culture for rural development mahidol university at salaya nakornpathom 73170 tel . 441-9327 , 441-9514 , 441-9343 fax . 441-9517 e - mail : grsbr @ mucc . mahidol . ac . th
  """",0
  1263,""""Subject: re : 6 . 199 ipa
   
   why must this kind of stuff be decided by a vote ? since obviously ipa membership does not equal interest in the matter and never will , all that will be achieved if some of us join the ipa just to force this issue , is that it will be """""""" packed """""""" in some other way than the way it is now , but it will never be representative . why not let the invisible hand of the """""""" market """""""" of ideas operate freely instead ? as fewer and fewer people use ipa 's made-up symbols , either that organization will become completely irrelevant , or it will make up its own mind to respond to the """""""" market forces """""""" , or perhaps some other group will step in and by proposing a system that is manifestly better than anyone else 's , achieve standardization that way . i really think that if a few of the top names in phonetics got together with the editors of a few journals , they could probably come up with something . it could also simply come from anywhere else : if someone were to publish a truly superior system and people started using it . finally , in reality , it seems that certain trends are occurring anyway and that in particular the resistance to the hachek and the use of the corresponding ipa symbols are on the wane . if we can put up with the inconsistencies of american vs . canadian vs . british spelling , we can probably do just as well here . and if we are gonna worry about something , i would worry more about those cases where te same symbols have different commonly used meanings like ' j ' and ' y ' . alexis mr
  """",0
  1264,""""Subject: re : words that are their own opposites
   
   content - length : 129 how about this pair that are synonyms in one sense and antonyms in another - - outgoing : retiring mary s . neff ibm research
  """",0
  1265,""""Subject: self-opposites
   
   content - length : 333 jules levin wrote : ) this does n't quite qualify , but ' overlook ' means the opposite of ' look ) over ' : """""""" my accountant looked over my records but overlooked a deduction . . . """""""" """""""" the scandal has been blamed on an oversight on the part of the senate oversight committee . """""""" anton sherwood * \ \ * + 1 415 267 0685 * \ \ * dasher @ netcom . com
  """",0
  1266,""""Subject: words that are their own opposites
   
   jules levin , in contrasting """""""" look over """""""" with """""""" overlook """""""" , has come close to citing my favorite autoantonym : oversight . as in """""""" the epa 's [ u . s . environmental protection agency 's ] oversight of toxic dumping . """""""" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lee hartman ga5123 @ siucvmb . siu . edu department of foreign languages southern illinois university carbondale , il 62901-4521 u . s . a .
  """",0
  1267,""""Subject: re : 6 . 108 sum : words that are their own opposites ( part 2 )
   
   after attending a meeting , i heard someone say , """""""" the acceptance of this plan will depend on its oversight . """""""" i immediately thought of the meaning : """""""" an unintentional omission or mistake """""""" ( ahd ) . what was intended , however , was another meaning : """""""" watchful care or management ; supervision """""""" ( ahd ) . the latter meaning , i think , is becoming the more common one , but it still startles me . in the same way , synonyms may become antonyms in compounds . """""""" to oversee """""""" is quite different from """""""" to overlook . """""""" i would also point out that nonstandard """""""" borrow """""""" for """""""" lend """""""" is still heard . it may have about the same distribution as """""""" learn """""""" to mean """""""" teach . """""""" up to at least the sixties , english textbooks for high schools carried stern admonitions for both . so these uses must have been quite common . finally , there is the famous """""""" bad """""""" of black english , which signifies its opposite . antithetical meanings may be common in slang for their shock value . """""""" man , she 's one tough babe , """""""" could indicate two quite contrasting , if not opposite meanings .
  """",0
  1268,""""Subject: re : 6 . 293 words that are their own opposites
   
   sue morrish 's posting on shame in australian reminded me of a weird fact about the same word in south african english , according to some sa friends . this is that """""""" shame ! """""""" is used as an exclamation of joy by , for example , old ladies seeing a newborn baby or a fluffy animal . the supposed explanation is that """""""" shame ! """""""" as an exclamation of disapproval became an exclamation of sympathy for somebody who has been ill-treated ( so far , this parallels a shift that i ' m familiar with too ) . it then bleached out still further in sa to a mere """""""" back channel utterance """""""" , indicating that the listener was still paying ( sympathetic ) attention , and then became a positive expression of pleasure . can anybody confirm either the data or the explanation ? btw , wrt benji wald 's posting , i understood the origin of a ' lucus a non lucendo ' to be st isidore of seville 's _ origines sive etymologiae _ ( 7th c ) - according to father dinneen 's book on the history of linguistics i think . john t waterman in his little book perspectives on linguistics ( 1963 ) gives another example from the same source : bellum ( war ) from bellus ( beautiful ) , because war is far from beautiful ! regards , paul werth
  """",0
  1269,""""Subject: human and non - human languages
   
   bearing on the question of primate language skills is the observation that they appear not to imitate the * manner * of doing something - - controverting the """""""" monkey see , monkey do """""""" saw . a clue as to why people have cultures and languages and primates do not came up in a national geographic series on primate research that i saw a few weeks ago . they had shown some chimps using sticks to poke through holes in a """""""" beehive """""""" and suck off honey , introducing the topic of tool use . in the next segment , the researcher had some candy on a table surrounded by some sort of cage with vertical bars . he had a primitive kind of rake with three wide-spaced tines resting on the table , the handle through the bars . the chimp had the same , on an adjacent section of the table . if the tines were down , they could n't get the candy because the wide-spaced tines could n't retain it . the researcher demonstrated flipping the rake over . with the back of the rake on the table top , it was easy to pull the candy to one 's hand . no matter how often he saw it , the chimp did n't get it . the inference from this and other experiments was that the primate perceives use of the tool to accomplish the end , but does not attend to the manner of using the tool . in the next segment , there is a similar setup with a small child . the child fails with the tines down . then the adult demonstrates flipping his rake over . the child immediately , on the next turn , does the same , even moving the rake through a curving path very much like that executed by the adult 's rake , to capture the object ( a block ) and pull it back to the edge . in support of this hypothesis , i believe there are no observations of cultural differences between one community of primates and another comparable to differences of human """""""" body language """""""" style and linguistic dialect - - differences in the manner of doing the """""""" same """""""" things , functionally inconsequential differences such that """""""" we """""""" do these things this way and """""""" they """""""" do the same things that way . bruce nevin bn @ lightstream . com
  """",0
  1270,""""Subject: sum : speaking in tongues
   
   this is a summary of my query on speaking in tongues of a month back . i posted three queries on various matters about simultaneously , and this was by far the one which generated most correspondence ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the original query : dear all , has anyone studied or systematically recorded what people actually produce when they """""""" speak in tongues """""""" - - at revival meetings and such occasions ? a friend of mine noted that the sounds produced tend to sound remarkably alike each other . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - short answer : in addition to various studies and papers there seems to be or to have been two major researchers in the area : felicitas goodman , and william samarin ; goodman using an anthropological method and samarin a linguistic one . they both published in the seventies . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - thanks to all who responded with comments , notes , references : rich alderson , keith allan , jeffrey howard allen , jose r . alvarez , susan burt , steve chandler , linda coleman , ellen contini - morava , alan davies , patricia donegan , brian drayton , sheila embleton , anthea f gupta , jacques guy , stephen helmreich , wayne leman , wenchao li , mark mitton , david l . moore , tim pulju , j . a . rea , malcolm ross , dale russell , deborah sweeney , shana walton , and some who preferred not to be named . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - list of references : i received the following references , most of which i have not yet dug out . goodman , felicitas ( 1969 ) . phonetic analysis of glossolalia in four cultural settings . journal for the scientific study of religion ( : 227-239 . goodman , felicitas ( 1972 ) . speaking in tongues . a cross - cultural study of glossolalia . the university of chicago press . samarin , william ( 1972a ) . tongues of men and angels . the religious language of pentecostalism . the macmillan company . samarin , william ( 1972b ) . variation and variables in religious glossolalia . language in society 1 : 121-130 . samarin , william ( 1973 ) . glossolalia as regressive speech . language and speech 16 : 77-89 . samarin , william ( 1974 ) . review of goodman ( 1972 ) . language 5 : 207-213 . malony h . n . & lovekin a . a . 1985 . glossolalia , new york , oxford university press . dilia flores . analisis y comparacian de hablas sagradas en tres formas de trance - posesian : un estudio en etnografia de la comunicacion . universidad del zulia , 1987 . a study of glossolalia and related phenomena in maracaibo , venezuela . _ tongue speaking _ , morton kelsey ( new york : crossroad , 1981 ) . _ they speak with other tongues _ , by john l . sherrill ( westwood , new jersey : fleming h . revell , 1964 ) , a popular treatment . _ the pentecostal movement in the catholic church _ by edward d . o'connor ( notre dame , indiana : ave maria press , 1971 ) claims cases of xenolalia ( speaking in an unlearned , existing language ) . and a recommendation to perform a library search for donald clarence laycock which might uncover a few things on glossolalia . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - fuller information , from the replies sent to me : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - basically , the finding was that the native language of the speaker was a pretty good predictor of the kinds of sounds that would occur in glossolalia ; one general pattern was that sounds perceived as generally marking """""""" foreign """""""" speech ( whatever that may mean ) would occur , while sounds perceived as typical of the native language would not . thus , for american english speakers , / r / would be rendered as the alveolar trill , never as the american retroflex ; on the other hand , these speakers would not include the low front vowel in their glossolalia , / ae / - as-digraph , because that 's perceived as a typically """""""" american """""""" sound for some reason . on the other hand , truly exotic sounds - - those not typical of the native language , but that do n't happen to be familiar to speakers of the language - - would tend not to occur : american english speakers do n't produce clicks in their glossolalia . and yes , the inventory of sounds is very simple and the sequence is repetitive . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - as a former church-goer myself who believed i had the ability to speak in tongues , i used to wonder a lot about the repetitive ( and ' primitive ' ? ) nature of the sounds that i produced and heard from others around , and also at the way people within a particular church tended to sound like one another ( but slightly different from people attending a different church ) . . . a case of unconscious ' copying ' ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i was told by one observer that i keep my british accent when i sing in tongues ; other people tell me this is not so . to my own ears , the sounds i produce are not like any language i know but they do occur in recurring patterns . i think they have predominantly l 's , s 's and vowels . the most articulate ( as distinct from hagiographic ) evaluation i received was that there are two continental charismatic traditions - a french one concentrating on melodious spontaneous song and a german / english one concentrating on speech . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i wanted to share my own experience : an old quaker minister ( from a very old-fashioned meeting which had come under the influence of pentecostalism ) came on a religious visit to our area and spent the night at our house . during a period of prayer in my living room , he spoke in tongues . i had never heard such a thing before , except in imitation , and i was impressed by the monotony of it . i can't make this machine do a phonetic transcription , but it was ( in a very quiet sing-song ) something like / ' a : ' tikari ' ka : ' tika ti ' ka : ti ' ka : / and then repeated ( the ' = primary stress ) . the shakers , a dying sect here known for their ecstatic group dancing and singing , incorporated """""""" tongues """""""" into many of their songs , in stylized form , and there were relatively few syllables used there as well - - ba , lo , ta , ti , ka , la and a few others . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - for a short answer , dredged out of my memory ( i wrote my undergraduate honors paper on this topic in 1973 ! ) : glossolalia is not a language , of course - - its users seem to latch onto and them repeat sounds that sound foreign to them , and intersperse the name jesus in between the sounds - - at least this was the case with glosslalia produced by american english speakers that i heard . jesus was pronounced , as i recall , as in english . many glossolalia users , however , think that they are speaking another human language , and will eagerly press this point to the visiting linguist , anthropologist or undergraduate . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - some years ago as an undergraduate , i memorized the first eleven lines to beowulf . occasionally i recited them to people ( i still do ) . once i recited them to a friend from alabama , and she told me that if i did that back where she came from , folks would say i was speaking in tongues . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - anecdotally , when i was an undergrad , one of my professors mentioned having seen a study or two on glossolalia . the studies indicated that the phoneme inventory was always quite small , smaller than that found in practically any natural language . maybe even smaller than the hawaiian inventory of thirteen phonemes , although my professor did n't go into details . my professor was a fundamentalist christian herself as well as an excellent linguist . she did believe that glossolalia was , at least in some cases , an inspired state and that people in that state were often speaking genuine languages . however , they were n't natural human languages . my professor pointed out that there was no reason to assume that they would be natural human languages , that people could speak in heavenly tongues which are meaningless to those on earth but which do have meaning , even if earthly people can't understand them . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - regards , and thanks j jussi karlgren jussi . karlgren @ sics . se sw inst of comp sc ( sics ) spr } kteknologi / natural language processing box 1263 , 164 28 kista ph + 46 8 752 15 00 , fax + 46 8 751 72 30 stockholm , sweden http : / / sics . se / ~ jussi / jussi-karlgren . html
  """",0
  1271,""""Subject: aaas
   
   what follows are the minutes of the meeting of section z - linguistics and the language science - - held during the atlanta aaas annual meeting . the section committee hopes that this will be of interest to all linguists and once again urges any linguist not yet a member of aaas to join and select section z as their priary affiliation . ( a membership form follows the minutes ) v . fromkin , section z , secretary = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = section z - - linguistics & the language sciences section meeting - february 17 , 1995 , 2 : 30 - 5 : 30 pm marriott marquis , atlanta , ga . minutes attendance : retiring chair barbara lust , chair , richie kayne , chair - elect stephen anderson , chair elect 1995 sarah thomason , secretary , vicki fromkin , members of steering committee : paul chapin , ilse lehiste , paul chapin , section z representative to aaas council , arnold zwicky , and 10-25 individuals ( 20 signed the attendance sheet ) . ( 1 ) the meeting was called to order and chaired by chair richie kayne . the attendees were asked to introduce themselves . ( 2 ) the minutes of the feb . 21 , 1993 section meeting were distributed and approved . ( 3 ) the results of the last election were reported : sarah ( sally ) thomason was elected chair - elect for 1995 , and david caplan was elected member at large 1995 - 1998 . the members of the steering committee for 1995 ( as of february 21 , 1995 ) therefore consist of : retiring chair richie kayne , chair stephen anderson , chair elect sarah thomason , secretary victoria a . fromkin , members - at - large : david caplan , paul chapin , ilse lehiste . arnold zwicky remains as the council delegate through 1996 . the chair expressed the appreciation of all members of section z to retiring chair barbara lust ( who will serve on the council in 1995 ) and david pesetsky . ( 4 ) four sessions were sponsored by section z at this meeting : bilingualism : when is the best age to learn a second language ? ; endangered languages ; linguistic science and language technology : machines and human language ; structures of language : batons for cognitive science and neuroscience . in addition , section z cosponsored a session organized by the psychology section : instincts to learn . kenneth hale presented one of the topical lectures - - the scientific cost of the global loss of linguistic diversity . ken hale s lecture and the session on endangered languages received a great deal of interest from the press . ( this issue made national press coverage by the time of the section meeting , ) the section extended its gratitude to the session organizers and speakers , and to ken hale for their efforts in bringing linguistics to the general scientific community at the aaas . ( 5 ) dr . susan speece , chair of the department of biological sciences at anderson university , anderson in , who has been appointed as education liaison from the education section to section z was introduced . she distributed copies of life science standards and curriculum development for k-12 and reported on the work of the science education reform committee of the national research council and asked for suggestions and input from our section regarding science education k-12 and also undergraduate science education . , a discussion followed in which it was announced that stephen crain is heading a committee of the linguistic society of american on linguistics in the curriculum which is also concerned with the teaching of linguistic science in the schools . it was suggested that crain be asked to contact dr . speece . individuals were urged to view the poster paper linguistics in the schools : developing an epistemology of science by maya honda and wayne o neil on display from 10 : 30 to 3 : 30 on saturday , february 18 , in the marriott south exhibit hall . this poster paper is directly related to the subject under discussion . ( 6 ) budget . vicki fromkin reported on the budget situation . up to this meeting , section z received $ 2500 / annum from the aaas office which was supposed to cover the travel expenses of the section officers for the annual meeting , refreshments , and any expenses of the ssponsored sessions ( organizers and speakers ) that could be provided . last year we offered no support to symposia speakers . thus , this year after subtracting the probable expenses of the officers , the section budget total came to approximately $ 2500 . symposia organizers sent their requests to vicki fromkin . after she determined the cheapest possible fares of the speakers , she divided the sum so that no speaker who had requested funds would suffer financially more than the others and recommended to the aaas staff that these sums be disbursed . this leaves the section with a zero balance . at the planning committee which she attended , vicki reported that the staff had decided to change the section budgets . the expenses of the officers would no longer be deducted from the section allocation but would be borne by the central office . however , the sections would now receive much lower allocations ; section z will only receive $ 1000 / annum . it is urgent that symposia organizers inform their invited speakers that there is little if any money for expenses and speakers should attempt to find money elsewhere . ( 7 ) 1996 aaas annual meeting , baltimore , maryland , 8-13 february 1996 . proposals for sessions are due april 1 , 1995 . a general discussion was held regarding sessions to be sponsored by section z . the section agreed that it would like to see the following session organized . ( note that these are not necessarily the titles of the symposia to be submitted but rather signify the contents we would like to see presented . ) ( the name in parenthesis after each is the person designated to contact the proposed organizers ) i . language in the schools . proposed organizers wayne o neil , maya honda , walt wolfram ( wayne o neil ) ii . new technology ( e . g . mri , ct , pet ) in the study of the biology of language . proposed organizer : david caplan ( v . fromkin ) iii . the structure and acquisition of sign languages . proposed organizer : ursula bellugi ( v . fromkin ) iv . child language acquisition . proposed organizer : lila gleitman ( v . fromkin ) v : connectionism vs . symbolic systems models of cognition . proposed organizer : paul smolensky ( steve anderson ) ( following the meeting some of the members of the section steering committee proposed that geoffrey nunberg also be asked to submit a proposal on prescriptivism / the equality of dialects / english only legislation or such related issues . fromkin and anderson will contact him ) barbara lust informed the section that we also received a tentative idea for a possible symposium from lisa menn ( working with both lsa and asha ) which would be on theoretical , modeling and therapeutic studies of the acquisition of phonology . this was referred to sharon goldsmith of asha for further consideration for their support . ( 8 ) 1997 aaas annual meeting , seattle , washington . an opening discussion on possible sessions for the seattle meeting was held it was suggested that individuals should submit proposals to the nsf to fund sessions on reports of current research which would be of interest to the scientific community . such proposals should be submitted to paul chapin by no later than july 15 , 1995 in order to have a funding decision from nsf by december 1995 , in time to submit a session proposal to the aaas program committee . ( 9 ) membership . as of the time of the meeting , 169 members of aaas had selected section z as their primary affiliation , and according to mike spinella ( aaas staff , who attended the meeting briefly ) , 141 had designated section z as their secondary affiliation and 205 as their third . this total of 515 satisfies the aaas requirements for establishing section z as a permanent section of the aaas . in the words of mike spinella you re in ! . however , it is important that we continue to increase the members whose first affiliation is to our section . we would like to see that number grow to a minimum of 400 . in the discussion on methods to increase membership it was suggested that we ask the lsa if we can include a letter from the section chair and secretary in the regular mailings to linguistic department chairs asking if each department would subsidize the membership fee for one member ( probably the chair ) of the department . if the chair is already a member , another person should be designated , who could be elected by the faculty or determined in some other way . this would substantially increase our membership . sharon goldsmith from asha announced that she would be willing to place a notice in the asha newsletters and publications which go to 80 , 000 of their members . paul chapin agreed to draft a letter to send to asha for this purpose . it was also suggested that a membership form be included in the mailings . she also thanked section z for their support of the symposium on bilingualism which was organized by asha and introduced david kean , of the asha research and tehcnology committee . . barbara lust suggested that we contact all the international organizations such as lagb who supported the formation of the new section and ask them to publicize the section and urge their members to join . the question of the cost of joining aaas was discussed . there was confusion as to the cost of joining as a supporting member ( without receiving science ) particularly for foreign applicants . mike spinella assured us that supporting memberships cost $ 35 . 00 for us , and all non - us members . on the application form this $ 35 . fee is stated only for spouses of members , but we were assured that it is for anyone who joins as a supporting member . ( 10 ) endangered languages . michael strauss spoke on the importance of our establishing ties with non-linguists concerned with conservation and diversity , i . e . conservation biology , etc . david harmon of the george wright society of the world parks congress was introduced and told the group that until recently he did not realize the extent of the problem re maintaining linguistic diversity and the dangers facing endangered languages . he supported the suggestion that linguists concerned with this issue work together with other groups interested in cultural and biological diversity and endangered species . ( 11 ) at the 1994 meeting , it was agreed that it was important for linguists to submit research articles to science . this was reiterated . it was pointed out that one cannot complain about the contents of the journal and the heavy weighting toward biology if we do not submit articles . should they consistently be rejected we would then have grounds for complaint . ( 12 ) vicki fromkin announced that the international congress of linguists ( organized by the permanent international committee of linguistics , better known by its french initials cipl ) would be held in paris , in july of 1997 . ( 13 ) michael strauss , the director of annual meetings on the aaas staff and estrella m . triana , the senior program associate , aaas directorate for education & human resources programs were introduced . estrella triana announced that 1998 was the 150th anniversary of aaas and urged members to support the issuing of a aaas commemorative stamp . she also announced the fund raising drive for a new building , and reminded members that sections of the aaas were entitled to hold meetings in the aaas building in washington , dc . the meeting was adjourned submitted by v . fromkin , secretary section z = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = membership request form mail to : aaas - po box 2033 marion oh 43306-2133 or fax to ( 202 ) 842 1065 name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ membership category : ( includes 51 issues of science ) * regular member $ 97 * postdoctoral $ 72 ( payment required with order , ) * student $ 50 ( payment & student id required ) supporting member $ 35 ( does not include science ) check enclosed _ _ _ bill me later _ _ _ ( regular members ) visa _ _ _ _ master card _ _ _ _ credit card number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ exp date section z primary affiliation : _ _ _ _ ( check here ) * all include 51 issues of science .
  """",0
  1272,""""Subject: sum . : history of capitalisation in english
   
   back in late january / early february i posted a query to linguist about sources on the history of capitalisation in english . several people responded asking me to post a summary to the list on any replies i might receive . my apologies for the delay , but i have been fighting three different winter """""""" bugs """""""" ( some viral , some bacterial ) since my original posting , and then had to rush to catch up on acadaemic commitments before the end of term ! anyway , here is the summary . . . . the most immediate """""""" success """""""" reply , so to speak , came from david denison at u . of manchester , u . k . : mrcepdd @ fsl . art . man . ac . uk . david suggested the following article : osselton , noel ( 1985 ) ' spelling - book rules and the capitalization of nouns in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries ' . in arn , mary - jo and hanneke wirtjes ( eds . ) . * * historical and editorial studies in medieval and modern english : for johan gerritsen . * * wolters - noordhoff , groningen , pp . 49-61 . to my delight , i found that """""""" my """""""" university library ( knight lib . at the u . of oregon ) had precisely this volume . the article ( chapter ) is only 6 pages long , but contains as well a list of spelling books and grammars , etc . to which osselton referred in the text . there is also a page of notes . this reference is the most useful i have yet seen , and i will be using it ( when i have the time ) as a foundation for finding more info . on this topic . a good place to start , i think . a reply from john e . koontz ( koontz @ bldr . nist . gov ) pointed me towards usenet lists which , i regret , i have not yet been able to try . john suggests comp . fonts , or hte repositories of past usenet postings ( he is not sure where they are ) , or the usenet faq collections . also , comp . text . larry rosenwald ( lrosenwald @ wellesley . edu ) suggested looking into the literature of printing history , as he reminded me that """""""" in fact capitalization was often regularized by the printer . """""""" henry rogers ( rogers @ epas . utoronto . ca ) wrote and remarked that """""""" [ t ] he distinction between upper and lower case in the roman alphabet obviously developed in the writing of the middle ages . . . """""""" i confess that my knowledge of the middle ages is not sufficient to know why this is """""""" obvious """""""" , and i have n't yet managed to contact henry to find out . do you have a moment to respond , please , henry ? eleanor olds batchelder ( eobgc @ cunyvm . cuny . edu ) suggested i might look at geoffrey nunberg 's writings , """""""" esp . his history of punctuation """""""" , but she noted that this is """""""" just a hunch """""""" , as she has not yet read the work . nor have i , yet ! a final response came from stavros macrakis ( macrakis @ osf . org ) with the following suggestions : """""""" i note that there is a library of congress ( tn3270 locis . loc . gov ) heading capitalization , but most of the books there are prescriptive or educational . there is also a subheading capitalization under languages , but english language - - capitalization gives only workbooks . i found some books on german capitalization which may ( or may not ) be helpful . see below . harvard 's catalogue lists 15 books on english capitalization , all prescriptive . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = materialien zur historischen entwicklung der gross - und kleinschreibungsregeln / wolfgang mentrup ( hg . ) . tuebingen : niemeyer , 1980 . 336 p . lc call # pf3147 . m34 subjects [ for mentrup ] : german language - - capitalization - - history . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + moulin , claudine . der majuskelgebrauch in luthers deutschen briefen ( 1517-1546 ) . heidelberg : winter , 1990 . xxxiii , 462 pp . subjects : luther , martin german language - - capitalization german language - - orthography and spelling originally presented as author 's doctoral thesis , 1989 , in otto - friedrich - universitaet , bamberg . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = that is all . i would like to thank everyone who replied , even if only to express an interest . it was heartening to know that other people find this a tantalizing question as well . to conclude , i would like to put forward some further questions that have occurred to me as a result of the responses i received . . . . 1 ) in connection to the point about the rise of the printing industry as an important influence in * * regularising * * the use of capitalisation , i still have questions about the way people capitalised before the printing press . for instance , in religious writings , such as the book of kells ( eire ) , we find capital letters , ornately decorated , at the start of portions of text / top of the page . why were capitals used ? i have n't seen copies of the work , but did adam bede do the same ? 2 ) building on ( 1 ) , i then ask , where / why did the idea of capitalisation arise in the first place ? in quite a number of other writing systems of the world , a method of marking """""""" important """""""" words with a larger , and slightly different version , of the """""""" normal """""""" sized letters is completely absent . thus , who / why / where did capitalisation come into being ? we take this so much for granted , i wonder if we can still re - / discover the reasoning behind this """""""" distinctiveness """""""" strategy . ( and as a final parting shot , so to speak , i would like to point out that in english writing we use a capital letter for the 1st . p . s . in all environments , but not for any other person ! why ? was this a printing influence too ( e . g . , to distinguish it from small """""""" i """""""" in roman numerals ? ) . ) from talking to a local professor , russian , for instance , ( if i remember correctly ) , does not have this distinction . how about other language writing systems , european or not ? and what effect does this english pattern have on us psychologically ? in the sense that """""""" i """""""" is more important than """""""" you , them """""""" etc . ? ) . once again , thank-you to all respondents . i look forward to discussion , if any , on my questions - - either post to list or to me directly . regards to all , anthea . * * """""""" words do n't mean , people mean . . . . """""""" * * ( have forgotten the author of this reminder ) . afb .
  """",0
  1273,""""Subject: new www server at the university of edinburgh
   
   the linguistics department at the university of edinburgh now has a www server . the url is http : / / www . ling . ed . ac . uk information is available about the department , about staff and student research interests , ongoing projects , undergraduate and graduate study . there are also links to our anonymous ftp server , where various research papers are available on-line , and to other related departments and centres at the university of edinburgh . - - caroline heycock
  """",0
  1274,""""Subject: fracas project ( computational semantics ) - deliverables , www home page
   
   we would like to announce the world wide web page of the fracas project , at url : http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ fracas / fracas - a framework for computational semantics - is a two-year , lre - funded project studying theories of semantic interpretation and their application in natural language processing . the participants in the project are cwi amsterdam , sri cambridge , and the universities of edinburgh , saarbruecken , and stuttgart . the deliverables produced in the first year of the project are available : from our www site ; by ftp at ftp . cogsci . ed . ac . uk , directory pub / fracas ; or by sending mail to fracas @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk . ( a list of the deliverables is enclosed below . ) our www site includes pointers to the deliverables , to the www pages of the participating sites , to other projects in computational semantics , and to sites involved in research in natural language processing . for more information on the fracas project , contact : the fracas project administrator university of edinburgh centre for cognitive science 2 buccleuch place edinburgh eh8 9lw , scotland , uk fracas @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk the members of the fracas consortium . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - recent fracas deliverables - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - deliverable d7 , december 1994 : harmonizing the approaches our preliminary work towards harmonizing the approaches to semantics that are studied in fracas has led , on the one hand , to the compilation of a list of basic linguistic phenomena that a semantic theory has to account for ; this list has been used to arrive at the in-depth comparison among the semantic theories under study presented in deliverable 8 . on the other hand , we identified a set of basic semantic tools such as generalised quantifiers theory or abstraction that all of the theories under discussion make use of , although very often these tools are interpreted in different ways in the theories under discussion ( e . g . , although all theories have a notion of abstraction , the actual properties of the abstraction operation in these theories differ widely ) . both the list of basic linguistic phenomena and the set of basic semantic tools are discussed in this deliverable . we also address the issue of whether the problems that are important from a technical point of view are also important from the point of view of natural language processing applications , by identifying a set of forms of natural language use that one could reasonably expect an nlp system will have to deal with , and by verifying whether the technically challenging data can be encountered in these forms of text . - - - - - deliverable d8 , december 1994 : describing the approaches this deliverable contains a detailed discussion of the semantic tools used by the five semantic theories studied in the fracas project - discourse representation theory , update and dynamic logic , monotonic semantics , property theory , and situation theory - together with a presentation of the syntax / semantics interface adopted by each theory . - - - - - deliverable d9 , december 1994 : the state of the art in computational semantics : evaluating the descriptive capabilities of semantic theories in this deliverable we discuss the analyses of the linguistic phenomena discussed in deliverables d7 proposed by the five semantic theories studied in the fracas project and presented in deliverable d8 . - - - - - deliverable d10 , january 1994 : evaluating the state of the art in this deliverable we discuss the themes of the interface to semantics , underspecification , contextual reasoning , inference , and lexical semantics . we present a brief survey of some implemented systems that are based at least in part on some of the approaches to semantics that we have described in deliverables d8 and d9 . in order to ground discussion of the various themes and approaches in this deliverable we include an annotated text ( """""""" eurodisney """""""" ) that illustrates the range and variety of semantic phenomena to be found even in the simplest newspaper article . we classify the phenomena illustrated by this text so as to give some idea of what is within the state of the art , and what areas still require a good deal of research . the final section amplifies this latter theme , trying to summarise the future directions that computational semantics might need to take in order to achieve some of the goals sketched out earlier in the document .
  """",0
  1275,""""Subject: news from the ippe ( 08 mar 95 )
   
   = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = news from the ippe - - 7 mar 95 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - world wide web access redesigned - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - in support of the mission of the international philosophical preprint exchange to facilitate the exchange of working papers between philosophers world-wide , carolyn burke of the ippe has recently redesigned our world wide web access , making it much easier to use , and enabling philosophers to locate papers of interest to them in the ippe 's collection with greater ease than ever before . the ippe 's world wide web service supplements the previous methods of access via gopher , ftp , and automated email ( see the end of this newsletter for details on all these access methods ) . the ippe 's www service is available by opening the url http : / / phil-preprints . l . chiba-u . ac . jp / ippe . html using netscape , mosaic , lynx , or any other www browser ( we recommend netscape ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - status report - - - - - - - - - - - - - the ippe continues to enjoy a rate of access of over 100 users per day at our main site in japan . additional accesses to the many north american and european sites mirroring the ippe collection probably greatly exceed this number , but are difficult to quantify . in addition , the rate of submissions to the ippe has climbed steeply in recent weeks . we are delighted by this trend , and encourage all philosophers to submit their manuscripts to the ippe in order to benefit from the commentary of their peers . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for volunteers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the ippe seeks motivated and enthuiastic volunteers to assist in the areas of administration , publicity , and technical support . we especially seek persons able to carry out some or all of the following tasks : - liason with the ippe 's international user population of professional philosophers , graduate students , the editorial staffs of philosophical journals , and the staffs of other on-line projects in the humanities and social sciences - editorial work on the newsletter and publicity materials - administrative activities ( regarding funding , etc . ) - computer support work : unix and cgi scripting and related activities . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the ippe staff - - - - - - - - - - - - - - coordinators : dr . syun tutiya ( chiba university ) and dr . richard reiner ( visiting in ' 95 at the center for philosophy of science , university of pittsburgh ) . adminstrator : carolyn l burke ( cmu ) . board members : dr . george gale ( university of missouri , kansas city ) , andrew burday ( mcgill university ) , istvan berkeley ( university of alberta ) , stephen rice ( york university ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - accessing the ippe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - to access the ippe , proceed as follows : by www : open the url http : / / phil-preprints . l . chiba-u . ac . jp / ippe . html by gopher : use gopher to go to either apa . oxy . edu or kasey . umkc . edu by ftp : ftp to either phil - preprints . l . chiba - u . ac . jp , or mrcnext . cso . uiuc . edu by email : mail to phil-preprints - service @ phil - preprints . l . chiba - u . ac . jp to place a paper or comment on the ippe : see pub / submissions / readme . if you have questions : send mail to carolyn burke at the address ( cburke @ nexus . yorku . ca ) .
  """",0
  1276,""""Subject: 6 . 351 language policy
   
   frank ashen focussed on the divisive effects of promoting one of several indigenous languages to the position of official language and used the much quoted justification that speakers of not-chosen languages may feel disadvantaged . he did not mention the effect of the introduction of a foreign world language on the vernaculars . the introduction of foreign official language has , in africa , led to explicit negative attitudes amongst the speakers themselves towards their languages . the alternative to the selection of an indigenous language as official language seems to be to disadvantage the whole population . in most african countries the foreign official language generally has a very low penetration so that only the elite know it . knowledge of the official language then becomes a new factor that determines access to power and the well-paid jobs . at the same time the vernaculars are ignored or stigmatised . this means that no or very little funds are available for their development and teaching . this means , to come back to tove skutnabb - kangas ' comments , that the population cannot exercise their """""""" right to learn their mother tongue , both orally and in writing , up to a high level . """""""" the assumption that frank ashen quotes is based on a false departure point , namely that only a colonial language can save an african country from being torn up by its own internal divisions . i do n't recall any wars based on language differences prior to colonisation . africa solved its linguistic diversity by developing lingua francas . djit ? recently ( 1993 ) showed that the use of so-called international languages such as english and french have not solved the communication problems of the african masses but in many cases contributed towards the """""""" pathology of linguistic bakwardness """""""" . the fact that these languages ( such as wolof , swahili , hausa , lingala ) are actually spreading - without much official help - seems to indicate """""""" a general willingness for cooperation and a cultural and linguistic tolerance that ignores the political boundaries inherited from colonization """""""" djit ? ( 1993 : 162 ) . spencer ( 1985 : 395 ) claims that the introduction of european languages to africa retarded the spread of what he calls """""""" african vehicular languages """""""" . however , adegbija ( 1994 : 26-27 ) is sceptical of the ability of african lingua francas of being accepted outside their present geographical domains . he also warns against the imposition of these languages . it would seem that we need a three-language policy such as that of india : one language for communication with the outside world known by a relatively small section of the population ; one lingua franca for national and regional communication and the various vernaculars for local business and primary education . in many african countries this is the de facto situation and trilingualism is more common in africa than outside linguists seem to realise . this suggestion might avoid the subtractive language learning ( that characterises many african communities ) and that tove skutnabb - kangas finds """""""" a violation of minorities ' linguistic rights """""""" . the sources that i referred to : adegbija , e . 1994 language attitudes in africa : a sociolinguistic overview . clevedon : multilingual matters . djit ? , p . g . 1993 """""""" language development in africa . """""""" in : international journal of the sociology of language 100 / 101 : 149-166 . spencer , j . 1985 """""""" language and development in africa : the unequal equation . """""""" in : wolfson , n . and j . manes ( eds . ) 1985 language of inequality . berlin : mouton : 387-397 . august cluver department of linguistics university of south africa
  """",0
  1277,""""Subject: summary : german / ts / ( tsch )
   
   several weeks ago i posted a query as to whether german / ts / , as in ( tschu """""""" s ) and < deutsch > , was best regarded as a single segment or as a sequence . i received nine replies , and there was no consensus . as far as i could tell ( not all respondents were fully committal ) , the responses break down as follows : it 's a single segment : 3 it 's a sequence : 2 either analysis is defensible : 1 no firm position : 3 guess i ' m still in the dark . my thanks to charles scott , mark mandel , geoffrey nathan , alexis manaster - ramer , jakob dempsey , michael jesson , ursula doleschal , john jeep , and reinhard hahn for responding . i replied individually to all of them , but two of my replies mysteriously bounced . larry trask cogs university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh england larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk
  """",0
  1278,""""Subject: old irish expert required for quick query
   
   i believe old irish had word-accent on the first-syllable . 1 ) was there an alliterative-verse tradition ? 2 ) any evidence that allit . phrases might have been a feature of ordinary or of any kinds of hight-register speech ? thanks , richard dury
  """",0
  1279,""""Subject: spontaneous nasalisation
   
   i am presently working on constituing a bank of data on spontaneous vowel nasalisation . i need cases where vowels have been nasalised in a nasal-free context ( no nasal consonant in the immediate surroundings ) . i would be grateful if you could help me by sending any information on the subject . thank you , robert boivin r26670 @ er . uqam . ca
  """",0
  1280,""""Subject: canadian english
   
   hello , i would like to give my students at mcgill an assignment concerning geographical ( and social ) variation in canadian english . to do so , i should therefore build a short questionaire that will allow them to elicit words and pronuncations which are likely to vary depending on the social characteristics of their consultants . i would very much appreciate if my fellow linguists could provide me with good test items for that questionaire . thanks in advance . - - julie auger
  """",0
  1281,""""Subject: european linguistics
   
   i would like help in finding out information on linguistics in europe - - how the field is structured ? what theoretical models are important ? what departments in universities have linguists ? etc . i ' m not sure where to go for this type of information - - so pointers toward sources or personal knowledge would be greatly appreciated . thanks in advance . sonja launspach t720026 @ univscvm . csd . scarolina . edu
  """",0
  1282,""""Subject: open / closed word classes , etc .
   
   can anyone help with this question ? many introductory ( and some other ) books on linguistics mention the open / closed distinction for word classes and the lexical / grammatical meaning distinction . none that i have seen , however , say anything about who invented these distinctions , when , where , and why . does anyone have any information about the provenance of these distinctions ? thanks .
  """",0
  1283,""""Subject: query : guide to software for linguistic analysis
   
   does anyone know of any wide-ranging guide to software for use in linguistics , ( covering , say , fieldwork , quantitative sociolinguistic research , acoustic phonetics , managing electronic corpora , discourse analysis , parsing . . . ) ? such a guide ( preferably electronic ) would be very useful as a reference for students . i will summarise the results for the list . jane simpson phone + 61 2-351 - 3655 linguistics f12 fax + 61 2-552 - 1683 university of sydney nsw 2006 post 18 stawell st , turner act 2601 australia
  """",0
  1284,""""Subject: iee colloq . london ( may ) : grounding-representations ( sharkey / mc
   
   = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = grounding representations grounding representations grounding representations = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = programme and call for participation grounding representations : integration of sensory information in natural language processing , artificial intelligence and neural networks iee colloquium iee computing and control division [ professional group : c4 ( artificial intelligence ) ] in association with : british computer society specialist group on expert systems and the society for the study of artificial intelligence and simulation of behaviour ( ssaisb ) monday , may 15th , 1995 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * at the iee colloquium savoy place london , england chairs noel sharkey and paul mc kevitt department of computer science university of sheffield , england workshop description : perhaps the most famous criticism of traditional artificial intelligence is that computer programs use symbols that are arbitrarily interpretable ( see searle , 1980 for the chinese room and harnad , 1990 for the symbol grounding problem ) . we could , for example , use the word """""""" apple """""""" to mean anything from a """""""" common fruit """""""" to a """""""" pig 's nose """""""" . all the computer knows is the relationship between this symbol the others that we have given it . the question is , how is it possible to move from this notion of meaning , as the relationship between arbitrary symbols , to a notion of """""""" intrinsic """""""" meaning . in other words , how do we provide meaning by grounding computer symbols or representations in the physical world ? the aim of this colloquium is to take a broad look at many of the important issues in relating machine intelligence to the world and to make accessible some of the most recent research in integrating information from different modalities . for example , why is it important to have symbol or representation grounding and what is the role of the emerging neural network technology ? one approach has been to link intelligence to the sensory world through visual systems or robotic devices . another approach is work on systems that integrate information from different modalities such as vision and language . yet another approach has been to examine how the human brain relates sensory , motor and other information . it looks like we may be at long last getting a handle on the age old chinese room and symbol grounding problems . hence this colloquium has as its focus , """""""" grounding representations . the colloquium will occur over one day and will focus on three themes : ( 1 ) biology and development ; ( 2 ) computational models and ( 3 ) symbol grounding . the target audience of this colloquium will include engineers and scientists in neural networks and artificial intelligence , developmental psychologists , cognitive scientists , philosophers of mind , biologists and all of those interested in the application of artificial intelligence to real world problems . programme : monday , may 15th , 1995 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * introduction : 9 . 00 registration + sustenance 10 . 00 ` an introduction ' noel sharkey ( department of computer science , university of sheffield , england ) biology : 10 . 30 ` the neuronal mechanisms of language ' valentino braitenberg ( max plank institute for biological cybernetics , tuebingen , germany ) computational models : 11 . 00 ` natural language and exploration of an information space ' oliviero stock ( istituto per la ricerca scientifica e technologica , irst ) ( trento , italy ) 11 . 30 ` how visual salience influences natural language descriptions ' wolfgang maass ( cognitive science programme ) ( universitaet des saarlandes , saarbruecken , germany ) 12 . 00 discussion 12 . 30 lunch grounding symbols : 2 . 00 ` on grounding language with neural networks ' georg dorffner ( austrian institute for artificial intelligence , vienna , austria ) 2 . 30 ` some observations on symbol-grounding from a combined symbolic / connectionist viewpoint ' john barnden ( computing research laboratory , new mexico , usa ) & ( department of computer science , university of reading , england ) 3 . 00 sustenance break 3 . 30 ` grounding symbols in sensorimotor categories with neural networks ' stevan harnad ( department of psychology , university of southampton , england ) panel discussion and questions : 4 . 00 ` grounding representations ' chairs + invited speakers s / in s / in : 4 . 30 ` de brief / comments ' paul mc kevitt ( department of computer science , university of sheffield , england ) 5 . 00 o / iche mha / ith * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * publication : we intend to publish a book on this colloquium proceedings . addresses iee contact : sarah leong groups officer the institution of electrical engineers ( iee ) savoy place gb - wc2r obl , london england , uk , eu . e - mail : sleong @ iee . org . uk ( sarah leong ) e - mail : mbarrett @ iee . org . uk ( martin barrett ) e - mail : dpenrose @ iee . org . uk ( david penrose ) www : http : / / www . iee . org . uk ftp : ftp . iee . org . uk fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 171-497 - 3633 phone : + 44 ( 0 ) 171-240 - 1871 ( general ) phone : + 44 ( 0 ) 171-344 - 8423 ( direct ) location : the institution of electrical engineers ( iee ) savoy place gb - wc2r obl , london england , uk , eu . academic contact : paul mc kevitt department of computer science regent court 211 portobello street university of sheffield gb - s1 4dp , sheffield england , uk , eu . e - mail : p . mckevitt @ dcs . shef . ac . uk www : http : / / www . dcs . shef . ac . uk / www : http : / / www . shef . ac . uk / ftp : ftp . dcs . shef . ac . uk fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 114-278 - 0972 phone : + 44 ( 0 ) 114-282 - 5572 ( office ) 282-5596 ( lab . ) 282-5590 ( secretary ) registration : registration forms are available from sarah leong at the above address and should be sent to the following address : ( it is not possible to register by e - mail . ) colloquium bookings institution of electrical engineers ( iee ) po box 96 stevenage gb - sg1 2sd herts england , uk , eu . fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 143 874 2792 receipt enquiries : + 44 ( 0 ) 143 876 7243 registration enquiries : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 240 1871 x . 2206 pre-registration is advised although you can register on the day of the event . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ r e g i s t r a t i o n costs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( all figures include vat ) iee members 44 . 00 non-iee members 74 . 00 iee members ( retired , unemployed , students ) free non-iee members ( retired , unemployed , students ) 22 . 00 lunch ticket 4 . 70 members : members of the ieeie , the british computer society and the society for the study of artificial intelligence and simulation of behaviour and eurel member associations will be admitted at members ' rates .
  """",0
  1285,""""Subject: latex on pc 's
   
   last month i posted a query about latex on pcs . here 's a summary of the responses i got and my own experience in making my choice ( gtex ) work ( if you plan to adopt gtex , especially for windows nt , be sure to read my comments - - it will save you time . . . ) first , i 'd like to thank the following persons for proving , yet again , the power of the virtual community : alderson @ netcom . com ( richard m . alderson iii ) mark robert hale ( hale1 @ alcor . concordia . ca ) michael covington ( mcovingt @ ai . uga . edu ) stewart nichols ( nichols @ ccwf . cc . utexas . edu ) knappen @ vkpmzd . kph . uni - mainz . de ( j """""""" org knappen ) sl70 @ musuko . spc . uchicago . edu ( stuart luppescu ) achim @ chianti . philosophie . uni-stuttgart . de ( achim stein ) terdoest @ cs . utwente . nl ( hugo ter doest ) wilhelm weisweber ( ww @ cs . tu-berlin . de ) alex schoenmakers ( alex . schoenmakers @ ccl . kuleuven . ac . be ) peter - arno coppen ( u250005 @ vm . uci . kun . nl ) koontz @ alpha . bldr . nist . gov ( john e . koontz ) syang @ uvvm . uvic . ca ( suying yang ) robert dale ( rdale @ microsoft . com ) alfredo arnaiz ( arnaiz @ scf . usc . edu ) c . l . thiersch @ kub . nl ( craig thiersch ) alice drewery ( alice @ cogsci . edinburgh . ac . uk ) all the messages were extremly helpful . they provided fairly detailed information and many offered further help if i needed it . thanks ! i have divided the information into the following categories : 1 . general tex info 2 . the unix option 3 . the commercial option 4 . the mac option 5 . emtex 6 . gtex ( including my own experience in installing and using it ) hope it is useful for others as well . ami kronfeld natural language inc . 1 ) general tex info - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - """""""" you might want to check out the usenet group comp . tex . tex , and its faq . also , the book mking tex work , by norman walsh , from o'reilly associates . """""""" """""""" you can also check out the tex archives on the us ctan site : ftp . shsu . edu . """""""" """""""" the most comprehensive distribution is called 4alltex , it 's available at the standard ctan - archive sites ( like ftp . shsu . edu ) and on the cd - rom """""""" snapshot """""""" of same from prime time ( prime time texcetera ) . """""""" special thanks to suying yang who sent a very useful page from walsh 's _ making tex work _ . here it is : tex and the other programs mentioned in this book are available from a number of places . it 's impossible to list all of the places where you might find any given tool , but there is one place where you will almost certainly find every tool : the comprehensive tex archive network ( ctan ) . this network is a fully-mirrored anonymous ftp hierarchy on three continents . always use the ftp site that is geographically closest to you . the following table lists the current members of ctan as of july 1993 : % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % location site ip address top level directory united states ftp . shsu . edu 192 . 92 . 115 . 10 / tex-archive england ftp . tex . ac . uk 131 . 151 . 79 . 32 / tex-archive germany ftp . uni-stuugart . de 129 . 69 . 8 . 13 / tex-archive % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % you may also access the ctan archives by electronic mail if you do not have ftp access . for up-to - date instructions about the mail server , send the single-line message help to : fileserv @ shsu . edu . where are the files ? every ctan mirror site has the same well-organized directory structure . the top-level directory also contains a complete catalog of current files organized by name , date , and size . the catalogs are named files . byname , files . bydate , and files . bysize , respectively , in the top level directory . the top-level directory contains the following subdirectories : % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % directory description of contents tools archiving tools ( unzip , tar , compress , etc . ) biblio tools for maintaining bibliographic databases digests electronic digests ( texhax , uktex , etc . ) info free documentation , many good guides dviware printing and previewing software fonts fonts fo tex graphics software for working with pictures and figures help online help files , etc . indexing indexing and glossary building tools language multi - national language support macros macro packages and stule files misc stuff that does n't fit in any other category support tools for running and supporting tex systems os - specific programs and files web sources for tex programs ( in web ) % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % the archives at ftp . shsu . edu and ftp . tex . ac . uk also support gopher access to the archives . the uk gopher supports indexed access to the archives . a world wide web ( hypertext ) interface to the archives is available from : http : / / jasper . ora . com / ctan / ctan . html this interface includes brief descriptions of many packages and the ability to perform keyword and date searches . 2 ) the unix option : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - many have pointed out that i could run linux ( freely distributed unix clone ) on my pc , and that it has great tex support ( ntex 1 . 3 ) . this turned out to be impractical for me . but it is an option i did not know existed : """""""" check out freebsd , freely downloadable from ftp . freebsd . org , or available as a cdrom from cdrom . com ( about $ 40 or less ) . you can maintain dos and unix on the same hardware and switch between the two , and therefore have your latex , too . """""""" 3 ) the commercial option : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - """""""" there is a commercial version of ( la ) tex available for pcs from y&y , who just today have announced a sales-help @ yandy . com ( among other addresses ) . """""""" """""""" re your linguist query - - we looked at the blurb describing both y&y tex and truetex and chose the former . """""""" for info on truetex email richard j . kinch ( kinch @ netcom . com ) ; for info on y&y tex email louis vosloo ( 71172 . 524 @ compuserve . com ) . both are in the $ 400 - - 500 area from memory . seemed to me that y&y tex was a bit more abreast of changes ( like latex 2e ) than truetex but you 'd be best to get info from both of course to make up your own mind . """""""" 4 ) latex on the mac - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - """""""" if you are not set on an intel - based processor , oztex 1 . 8 is the best shareware version for the mac , while textures ( from blue sky ) is a highly regarded commercial implementation . """""""" """""""" i ' ve used textures for years on a mac and still have n't seen anything to compare in terms of ease of integration of graphics . """""""" 5 ) emtex - - - - - - - - - emtex seems to be the overall favorite for dos machines . it is said to be much more widely used ( than gtex ) and easier to install . a summary of how you can get it : """""""" the most painless way to get latex on your pc is to download emtex from the university of georgia ( ai . uga . edu , / pub / emtex ) . we give additional installation instructions besides those provided by the author . """""""" other cites : ftp . rus . uni-stuttgart . de / pub / tex / sytems / msdos / emtex and emtex-fonts ponder . csci . unt . edu [ 129 . 120 . 3 . 16 ] pub / tex / emtex ymir . claremont . edu [ 134 . 173 . 4 . 23 ] [ anonymous . tex . ibm _ pc . emtex ] there was also a particular enthusiastic endorsment of emtex for emacs users on os / 2 : """""""" i use the os / 2 version [ of emtex ] which is truly excellent ( not being limited by memory , it is much better than the dos version ) . there are also available for os / 2 , a graphical dvi viewer ( dvipm ) , ghostscript , dvips , etc . in addition , em has ported gnu emacs to os / 2 ( the current version is 19 . 27 ) . imho , if you are going to work in latex , you should be using emacs in latex mode as your editor . emacs + emtex under os / 2 has pretty much supplanted other use of word processing software """""""" 6 ) gtex - - - - - - - - the gtex package was said to be more complete ( amslatex , amstex , dviwin etc . ) and more windows - friendly than emtex . this is , more or less , what sold me on it . i got it from : gtex ftp . shsu . edu / tex-archive / systems / msdos / gtex1 . 0 for ms windows / dos users . microemacs for windows is the host interface whose menus allow easy access to tex / metafont / amspell / bibtex / etc . also included are complete macro sets for plain tex , latex , nfss , e - tex , amslatex , and amstex . one person who responded to my query commented that gtex is less mature than emtex . i must say that he is probably right . installation took me much longer than i anticipated . here is a summary of the problems and their workarounds : 1 ) to begin with , the main tex . exe in the base directory does not accept arguments . i may have missed something , but i could not make latex work by the standard $ ) tex &lplain ( file-name > what i got was simply the tex environment . i could , of course , load lplain at this point and then load my file . but this is rather cumbersome . i found a workaround through micro-emacs , which is part of the package . 2 ) i did n't realize that if you unzip latex2e after unzipping latex , you clobber some of the latex 2 . 09 . sty files ( and you cannot use latex 2 . 09 as a result ) . there is a ( rather complex ) workaround and if you need latex2e only to begin with you are in good shape . however , it turned out that when you run latex2e . bat in the texfmts directory ( to generate the . fmt file for latex2e ) the name of the fmt file is latex . fmt , but it turned out that micro-emacs package expects a totally different fmt file for latex2e , namely a file called nfss2ltx . fmt . even changing the relevant bat file does not solve the problem . the only workaround i could find was to copy latex . fmt as nfss2ltx . fmt ( in short , if you do n't want the hassle , install latex only ) . 3 ) the dviwin package for both previewing and printing ( written by hipocrates sendoukas ) is rather nice . the feature that generates missing fonts automatically is particularly useful if your disk space is limited . however setting this option to work right was difficult and the documentation is not very helpful . if you run under windows nt ( as i do ) this is what you need to do : o select options / missing fonts . . . o select the third option ( append line to file and execute command ) o in the line text box write : call genpk $ f $ m $ x $ y $ x $ y $ d $ p $ e o in the file text box write : x : \ ( temp-dir ) \ < batch-file . bat > where x : is your hard drive , temp-dir is the value of your temp environment variable and batch-file is an arbitrary name for a batch file that will generatte missing fonts . for example , i use the following text : c : \ temp \ missing . bat o in the cmd text box write : genallnt . bat $ ( temp ) \ missing . bat where temp is the environment variable that contains the name of the directory in the file text box . note that in the cmd text box you need to use an environment variable ( you have to ) while in the file text box you cannot ( you must specify the literal name of the temp directory ) . it took me a while to figure this out and it was n't fun . if you do it wrong , dviwin takes control over your entire operating system , firing up and killing dos widows in rapid succession . you cannot even use nt 's task list to kill the runaway process .
  """",0
  1286,""""Subject: foreign language in ads
   
   sorry to be delayed in getting a summary back on the foreign language in the recent ibm ads . as usual , lots of linguist list readers came through with the goods . ( individual thanks are at the end of this message ) . here are the responses i received : the old gentlemen walking along the river are speaking french ( there was some disagreement as to whether it was parisian french or not , with people coming down on both sides ) ; the businessmen in the marketplace are speaking moroccan arabic ; the majority opinion was that the nuns are speaking czech ( though a couple of people felt it was polish ) . i ' ve seen one ad since then which i ' m pretty sure is in greek ( people on a fishing boat ) , because one of the subtitles contains mention of drachmas . if i ' m wrong about that , i 'd like to know , needless to say . those of you who expressed interest in seeing some of our research , i have n't forgotten you ! i ' ve just been buried in administrative stuff lately . i ' ll try to do something about getting it off over spring break , which is in a couple of weeks . if you do n't see something in the next few weeks , you might want to drop me another line at renryder @ idbsu . idbsu . edu . finally , very hearfelt thanks to everyone who wrote ( i hope i have n't left anyone off this list ) : eva wyss , daniel keller , marc picard , laila lalami , john koontz , dana slancova , gary h . toops , marlene abrams miller , guerssel mohamed , frits stuurman , chris miller , greenman , younes mourchid , tim beasley , james kirchner , paul woods , jussi karlgren , marc eisinger , michael kac , rebecca larche moreton , carl woolhiser , anton sherwood , elabbas benmamoun , karin ryding , elizabeth bergman , kirk belnap ( ? ) , reinier post . if anyone wants the addresses of any of these people to discuss the language id with them further , i have them ; i just did n't want to make this message any longer than necessary . thanks to everyone ! mary ellen ryder
  """",0
  1287,""""Subject: sum : jakobson reference
   
   two months ago ( sorry for the delay ) i posted the following query on the linguist list ( with a horrible spelling error in the subject line ) : ) the following is , i believe , a more or less literal quote from roman jakobson : ) languages differ less in what you can express in them than in what you must ) > express in them . ) does anybody out there have the exact reference ? 1 . reaction to the query = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = six hours later it appeared on the list and three more hours later the first answer was in ! ! ! thank you all , that 's really great ! ! ! within the following four weeks i received ten replies , 5 of them giving the first quotation below , 2 with the second one , 3 asking me to forward the requested information . thanks to all who responded : birgitta englund dimitrova bob fradkin eloise jelinek hans lindquist nili mandelblit bruce mannheim bert peeters larry rosenwald deborah ruuskanen martha thunes 2 . answers = = = = = = = = = = a . the first quotation is : jakobson , roman ( 1959 ) ' on linguistic aspects of translation ' in reuben a . brower ( ed . ) , on translation , cambridge , mass . : harvard university , press . 232-239 . reprint new york : galaxy books 1966 . the quoted sentence is on p . 236 . also in jakobson , roman ( 1971 ) selected writings vol . ii , the hague : mouton . 260-266 . the quoted sentence is here on p . 264 . ( birgitta englund dimitrova mentions that this article has ever since been widely quoted in research on translation . ) the context is the division of labor between lexical and grammatical means , which may vary considerably from language to language , and the problems this poses for translation : """""""" if some grammatical category is absent in a given language , its meaning may be translated into this language by lexical means . . . . it is more difficult to remain faithful to the original when we translate into a language provided with a certain grammatical category from a language devoid of such a category . . . . as boas neatly observed , the grammatical pattern of a language ( as opposed to its lexical stock ) determines those aspects of each experience that must be expressed in the given language . . . . in order to translate accurately the english sentence """""""" i hired a worker , """""""" a russian needs supplementary information , whether this action was completed or not and whether the worker was a man or a woman . . . ) languages differ essentially in what they _ must _ convey and not in what they ) > _ may _ convey . each verb of a given language imperatively raises a set of specific yes-no - questions . . . """""""" b . the second quotation is : jakobson , roman ( 1959 ) ' boas ' view of grammatical meaning ' in w . goldschmidt ( ed . ) , the anthropology of franz boas , memoirs of the american anthropological association 89 . 139-45 . reprinted in jakobson , roman ( 1971 ) selected writings vol . ii , the hague : mouton . 489-496 . the quoted sentence is on p . 492 . here the context is boas ' obligatoriness criterion for the distinction between grammatical and lexical meaning . jakobson quotes from boas : """""""" . . . ' a paucity of obligatory aspects does not by any means imply obscurity of speech . when necessary , clarity can be obtained by adding explanatory words . ' to denote time or plurality , those languages which have no tense or grammatical number resort to lexical means . ) thus the true difference between languages is not in what may or may not be ) > expressed but in what must or must not be conveyed by the speakers . """""""" ( am i right as a non-native speaker of english in suspecting that my fellow non-native speaker has possibly confounded ' must not ' with ' need not ' ? ) 3 . motivation for the query = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = i am using the ( first ) quote in a typological context , as motto for a paper where i discuss some of the consequences the obligatoriness of definiteness and number marking has for those cases of use where the speaker wants to evade these constraints . i argue there that languages with a high degree of explicitness ( many obligatory choices ) also provide for standard weakening strategies . if any typologist out there wants to engage in a discussion about the explicitness parameter , i would be happy to hear from him . to trigger the appropriate keywords , let me just mention that james huang 's ' temperature ' parameter ( the metaphor goes back , via haj ross , to marshall mcluhan ) is just a special case of the explicitness parameter . according to huang ( li 15 , 1984 , pp . 531-574 ) , languages with a high degree of obligatoriness in the expression of anaphoric elements are ' hot ' ( little audience participation required ) , whereas languages with a preference for zero anaphora are ' cool ' ( more audience participation required ) . let me conclude with another quote from the first paper of rj : """""""" equivalence in difference is the cardinal problem of language and the pivotal concern of linguistics . """""""" ( 233 ) dietmar zaefferer institut fuer deutsche philologie phone : + 49 89 2180 2060 ( office ) universitaet muenchen + 49 89 36 66 75 ( home ) schellingstr . 3 fax : + 49 89 2180 3871 ( office ) d-80799 muenchen germany email : ue303bh @ sun1 . lrz-muenchen . de
  """",0
  1288,""""Subject: references on romanian
   
   i am interested in getting a list of recent ( and not so recent ) work on romanian , in particular phonetics , phonology and morphology . please respond to me directly and i will post a summary to the list . - - richard sproat linguistics research department at&t bell laboratories | tel ( 908 ) 582-5296 600 mountain avenue , room 2d - 451 | fax ( 908 ) 582-7308 murray hill , nj 07974 , usa | rws @ research . att . com
  """",0
  1289,""""Subject: farsi ( persian ) light verb constructions
   
   i am working on """""""" light verb constructions in farsi and kurdish """""""" at essex university and i would like to share my ideas with other researches intersted in this area . i am going to approach this topic in the framework of noun incorporation ( baker , 1988 ; hale and keyser , 1991 , 1992 , 1993 ) . especially i like to be in touch with dr simin karimi and dr jan mohammad who have written the first article , as far as , on this subject . i will be very gratefull to you , if you could provide me with the e-mail adresses of these linguists . my e-mail address is as follows : karigx @ essex . ac . uk thanks gh . karimi doostan
  """",0
  1290,""""Subject: query : international congress of linguists
   
   does anyone have information about the next international congress of linguists in paris in 1997 ? who is the contact person ( email address ) ? thank you , dieter stein anglistik iii universitaetsstr . 1 40225 duesseldorf germany stein @ mail . rz . uni-duesseldorf . de
  """",0
  1291,""""Subject: sum : ref . on formal models of discourse
   
   content - length : 5679 a couple of weeks ago i posted a message for one of my students who was looking for references re . formal models of discourse to use as the basis for an automatic analyzer for political discourse . we received a comprehensive bibliography from ann lindvall ( ann . lindvall @ ling . lu . se ) and various useful indications from arild hestvik ( hestvik @ babel . ifl . uib . no ) alice s . horning ( horning @ argo . acs . oakland . edu ) massimo poesio ( poesio @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk ) livia polanyi ( livia @ csli . stanford . edu ) david traum ( traum @ divsun . unige . ch ) ( previously in rochester ) massimo poesio also mentioned he 's involved in ` ` a project called ` fracas ' one of whose goals is to assess the state of the art in ` computational semantics ' , which these days involves a lot of work on discourse ; the deliverables of the project are freely available and can be read through the world wide web at http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ fracas / [ . . . ] ' ' . compiled bibliography and pointers follow . thanks to everybody . catherine walther * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * allwood , j . 1980 . power and communication . in : alvar . dept . of english . stockholm university , sweden alshawi , h . ( ed . ) 1992 . the core language engine . the mit press , cambridge , ma . asher , n . 1993 . reference to abstract objects in discourse . kluwer , dordrecht austin , j . l . 1962 . how to do things with words . oxford university press , london button , g . 1987 . answers as interactional products : two sequential practices used in interview . social psychology quarterly 2 : 160-171 coulthard , m . 1977 , 1985 . an introduction to discourse analysis . longman , london och new york erickson , b . , lind , e . a . , johnson b . c . & o ` barr , w . m . 1978 . speech style and impression formation in a court setting : the effects of ` powerful ` and ` powerless ` speech . journal of experimental social psychology 14 : 266-279 goffman , e . 1976 . replies and responses . language in society 5 : 257-313 . also in : goffman , e . 1981 . forms of talk . basil blackwell , oxford goody , e . ( ed . ) 1978 . questions and politeness : strategies in social interaction . cambridge university press greenbaum , s . , leech , g . and svartvik , j . ( ed . ) . studies in english linguistics for randolph quirk . longman , london grice , h . p . 1975 . logic and conversation . in : cole , p . och morgan , j . ( ed ) . speech acts . syntax and semantics , vol . 3 , academic press , new york gumperz , j . 1982 . discourse strategies . cambridge university press , cambridge halliday , m . a . k . 1985 . an introduction to functional grammar . e . arnold , london halliday m . a . k . & r . hasan . 1976 . cohesion in english . longman , london . heritage , j . and greatbach , d . 1989 . on the institutional character of institutional talk : the core of news interviews . sic . 28 : 47-98 . dept . of communication , link | ping university , sweden hudson , r . 1980 . sociolinguistics . cambridge university press , cambridge kamp , h . & u . reyle . 1993 . from discourse to logic : introduction to modeltheoretic semantics of natural language , formal logic and discourse representation theory . kluwer , dordrecht labov , w . 1982 . sociolinguistic patterns . university of pennsylvania press , philadelphia leech , g . n . 1983 . principles of pragmatics . longman , london linell , p . gustavsson , l . and juvonen , p . 1988 . interactional dominance in dyadic communication . linguistics 26 : 415-442 markova , i . & foppa , k . ( ed . ) 1990 . dynamics of dialogue . harvester press , hertforsshire o'barr , w . m . 1982 . linguistic evidence : language , power and strategy in the courtroom . academic press , new york sacks , h . , schegloff , e . a . & jefferson , g . 1974 . a simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking in conversation . language 50 . 4 : 696-735 schegloff , e . a . % sacks , h . 1973 . opening up closings . semiotica 8 . 4 : 289-327 . also in : turner , r . ( ed . ) 1974 . ethnomethodology : selected readings . penguin , harmondsworth searle , j . 1969 . speech acts : an essay in the philology of language . cambridge university press , cambridge searle , j . et al . 1992 . ( on ) searle on conversation . papers compiled and introduced by h . parret and j . verschueren . john benjamins , amsterdam sinclair , j . mch . & coulthard , m . 1975 . towards an analysis of discourse : the english used by teachers and pupils . oxford university press , london tardy , c . h . 1988 . a handbook for the study of human communication : methods and instruments for observing , measuring ans assessing communication processes . ablex publishing corporation . norwood , n . j . todorov , t . 1984 . mikhail bakhtin : the dialogical principle . seminar press , new york von stechow , a . ( ed . ) handbook of semantics . de gruyter . wrong , d . 1968 . some problems in defining social power . the american journal of sociology 73 : 673-681 further pointers went to heim , lascarides , e . prince , ward , birner , vallduvi , walker , reichman , hobb , mann & thompson , grosz & sidner , scha & polanyi , werth , grimes , longacre .
  """",0
  1292,""""Subject: est-ce que questions
   
   several weeks ago , i ' ve sent an inquiry about is it that / est-ce que interrogatives to the list . many of you took the time to answer to it , so i feel very sorry for not giving any summary of the replies before today . i have written one in french , which i display here . if some of you would like a translation , please ask and i ' ll write one . thanks again for your precious collaboration ! the inquiry was : j ' ai rencontre l ' enonce authentique suivant : why is it that ( people are never happy ) ? qui ressemble beaucoup au fran ais : pourquoi est-ce que ( les gens ne sont jamais contents ) ? j ' aimerais savoir s ' il est possible de poser une question de la meme maniere avec : what , who , when , where or how ? what is it that you said / are saying ? who is it that you met / are meeting ? when is it that you met / are meeting her ? how is it that you did / do this ? where is it that you were / are ? sur les 54 reponses obtenues , 21 consistent en une phrase : """""""" tous ces exemples me paraissent acceptables et normaux """""""" . les auteurs des autres reponses ont tres majoritairement accepte tous les exemples egalement , mais avec quelques restrictions d ' emploi que nous developpons ici . les quatre grands types de restrictions sont le registre de langue employe , la semantique de l ' interrogative , la nature de l ' adverbe interrogatif et le temps du verbe etre place avant ' it that ' . 1 . le registre employe est juge pertinent pour l ' acceptabilite de la structure , comme le montrent les six remarques suivantes : """""""" alors que les phrases proposees seraient appropriees dans un registre tres formel , des equivalents plus courants [ colloquial ] seraient : you said / are saying whatj ? you met / are meeting whoj ? you met / are meeting her whenj ? you did / do this howj ? you were / are where j ? cet equivalent ' courant ' n ' existe pas cependant avec why . je dirais plutot : people never seem to be happy . why ( is that ) j ? """""""" """""""" why is it that convient mais ne semble pas tres naturel ; l ' emploi de ' that ' marque un registre plus formel . """""""" """""""" les exemples semblent appropries dans tous les registres , peut-etre un peu moins frequents dans un ecrit tres formel . """""""" """""""" toutes ces questions sont parfaitement ordinaires . """""""" """""""" j ' attribue ces phrases au registre courant [ colloquial ] plutot que litteraire . """""""" """""""" je dirais que ces phrases seraient acceptees par n ' importe quel locuteur americanophone , au moins dans une conversation informelle . """""""" les commentaires divergent , certains locuteurs attribuant les exemples a un registre formel , d ' autres a un registre non formel . la premiere personne optant pour le registre formel precise que ce type d ' enonce est caracteristique d ' une question que poserait par exemple un avocat au cours d ' un proces ; mais c ' est peut-etre plutot la semantique de la question qui importe ici , et non le registre . la deuxieme personne ayant choisi le registre formel semble cependant s ' appuyer surtout sur la presence de that . en effet , une autre reponse souligne la difference existant entre les formes ' why is it ' et ' why is it that ' . par consequent nous pouvons retenir des commentaires obtenus que la construction qui nous interesse releve globalement d ' un registre courant - voire familier - mais peut se retrouver dans d ' autres registres sous certaines formes ( avec that vs sans that ) et pour exprimer certains actes de parole . 2 . la semantique de l ' interrogative intervient elle aussi dans le choix de cette construction , comme l ' attestent les 13 remarques suivantes : """""""" par rapport a la construction plus traditionnelle , celle-ci se limite aux cas ou le locuteur exprime une repetition ou une clarification apres avoir pose la question sous la forme plus courante : me : what did you sayj ? you : i said """""""" goodbye and good riddancej ! """""""" me : what is it that you saidj ? i was n't listening closely . """""""" """""""" cette construction marquee n ' est appropriee que si le discours precedent a deja etabli qu ' il y aura une reponse non negative a la question . ainsi , l ' echange suivant ne semblerait pas naturel : - who is it that you sawj ? - nobody . """""""" """""""" je n ' accepterais pas ou reagirais negativement a la phrase how is it that you did thatj ? . j ' emploie cette construction avec tous les autres adverbes ( where , who , what , when ) pour obtenir un eclaircissement a propos d ' une chose deja mentionnee . """""""" """""""" les exemples me semblent normaux si le locuteur met l ' accent sur l ' adverbe interrogatif et exprime une certaine exasperation : what is that thing you boughtj ? """""""" """""""" ces questions sont tout a fait acceptables , moyennant un contexte discursif particulier du type reprise . d ' ou la meilleure acceptabilite des versions dans lesquelles le verbe est marque de l ' aspect be + ing ( fondamentalement anaphorique ) . """""""" """""""" cette construction met l ' emphase sur l ' element interrogatif . """""""" """""""" spontanement , je dirais que cette construction se focalise sur la question plus specifiquement . si l ' on me demandait : who are you meetingj ? je pourrais repondre : a friend . mais si la question etait : who is it that you ' re meetingj ? je me sentirais oblige de repondre plus precisement . """""""" """""""" la seule raison justifiant l ' emploi de cette construction est , a mon avis , l ' emphase qu ' elle met sur l ' objet de la question . """""""" """""""" en anglais , ces questions sont posees de fa on rhetorique ou pour exprimer une demande de clarification . dans le deuxieme cas , l ' element interrogatif est fortement accentue . """""""" """""""" la plupart de ces questions ressemblent a une demande de repetition de quelque chose qui aurait ete mal compris a la premiere audition . """""""" """""""" les questions de ce type correspondent a la forme declarative emphatique it is because of x that ou it is x that i am saying ( . . . ) . ces questions en anglais se traduiraient mieux en fran ais par quelque chose comme : qui c ' est que tu as vuj ? qui met aussi l ' accent sur la reponse la ou une question en est-ce que normale ne le ferait pas . cette construction entra ne aussi une accentuation plus forte sur l ' element interrogatif . """""""" """""""" dans beaucoup de cas , ces formes marqueraient une emphase utilisee par exemple si je pensais avoir mal compris un message : where is it that you [ said you ] arej ? """""""" """""""" pour moi , ces constructions presupposent que quelqu ' un vous a donne l ' information ( what , who , when ou where ) et que vous l ' avez oubliee et devez poser une question sur ce seul element . """""""" toutes ces remarques s ' accordent pour attribuer a la construction qui nous interesse un sens emphatique utilise pour obtenir une clarification . elle semble aussi s ' accompagner d ' une accentuation de l ' element interrogatif . il est donc interessant de remarquer que la valeur emphatique est commune aux constructions anglaise et fran aise . 3 . parmi les 54 reponses , 11 tentaient d ' expliquer partiellement ou completement la variation de l ' acceptabilite de la construction en fonction de la nature de l ' adverbe interrogatif : """""""" where is it that you arej ? et how is it that you do thisj ? sont pour moi les constructions les plus maladroites et les moins frequentes . """""""" """""""" where is it that you arej ? est maladroit ; je repeterais probablement la question where are youj ? en accentuant plus le where . """""""" """""""" je ne pense pas que le that dans why is it that soit le meme que dans les constructions avec les adverbes interrogatifs . """""""" """""""" why is it et how is it sont toujours idiomatiques , meme s ' ils sont plutot formels . when is it est idiomatique , mais para t assez pauvre . les autres enonces identifieraient a coup sur le locuteur comme etant etranger . """""""" """""""" toutes ces constructions sont possibles , excepte celle avec how . """""""" """""""" pour what , who , when et where , je peux employer is it seulement avec le present ; avec le passe je dirais was it . pour how c ' est different parce que how is it est une forme idiomatique signifiant pourquoi pour moi . donc how is it that you did thisj ? convient si cela signifie pourquoi as-tu fait celaj ? . si je veux vraiment savoir comment , alors le temps doit correspondre comme avec les autres adverbes interrogatifs . """""""" """""""" les constructions avec what , who et when sont acceptables , mais celles avec how et where ne semblent pas tres naturelles . """""""" """""""" toutes les constructions me conviennent ( sauf peut-etre la derniere avec where , qui me para t bizarre ) . """""""" """""""" je pense qu ' il ne serait pas approprie d ' employer is it that dans aucune des situations mentionnees , excepte why is it that . . """""""" """""""" j ' utiliserais cette construction avec when seulement s ' il etait suivi de was it ; je ne l ' emploierais pas avec how et where . """""""" """""""" tous les exemples cites sont acceptables mais , mise a part la question avec why ( et peut-etre celle avec how ) , ils ne semblent pas aussi generaux que la question ordinaire [ unmarked ] . """""""" pour des raisons qui leur sont probablement propres , why , how et where se distinguent des autres adverbes . how is it peut s ' interpreter a la fois comme une forme figee qui a le sens de pourquoi ( = how come ) , et comme une construction non figee signifiant comment . . cela explique les differences de perception de cette forme par les locuteurs , qui n ' ont pas toujours pris en compte ses deux sens . why is it a egalement un comportement de forme figee , mais qui garde le sens de pourquoi . pourquoi est aussi un adverbe qui se demarque des autres en fran ais , car la question qu ' il pose porte sur l ' ensemble de la phrase ( pourquoi tu t ' en vasj ? mais * tu t ' en vas pourquoij ? ) . nous expliquons moins facilement la specificite de where qui a ete relevee a 5 reprises . 4 . le dernier facteur d ' acceptabilite egalement souvent cite ( huit fois ) par les natifs est le temps du verbe etre place avant it that . : """""""" toutes ces phrases s ' emploient couramment en anglais . a noter qu ' on peut aussi bien utiliser ce genre de structure au passe : where was it that you ran into him yesterdayj ? """""""" """""""" nous formons souvent des enonces come ceux que vous citez , par exemple : who was it who split ink on your book ? why was it that he was late ? who did we say was coming at 8 o ' clock ? etc . """""""" """""""" pour what , who , when et where , je peux employer is it seulement avec le present ; avec le passe je dirais was it . [ pour ] how is it that you did thisj ? , et si je veux vraiment savoir comment , alors le temps doit correspondre comme avec les autres adverbes interrogatifs . """""""" """""""" toutes les phrases me conviennent , meme si dans plusieurs cas j ' ai pense qu ' il y avait une meilleure alternative : what is it that you said / are saying ? ) aussi : what was it that you said ? who is it that you met / are meeting ? ) aussi : who was it that you met ? when is it that you met / are meeting her ? ) avec """""""" met """""""" , """""""" when was it that you met """""""" est meilleur . how is it that you did / do this ? ) aussi : how was it that you did that ? where is it that you were / are ? ) avec """""""" were """""""" , """""""" where was it that you were """""""" est meilleur . """""""" """""""" toutes les phrases sont bonnes . elles seraient un peu meilleures si les temps des verbes s ' accordaient . """""""" """""""" les questions conviennent toutes , tant que le temps employe est correct . """""""" """""""" quand l ' anglais emploie l ' expression is it that , les temps des verbes doivent correspondre dans la plupart des cas . """""""" """""""" toutes les phrases sont parfaitement correctes , sauf que normalement j ' accorderais le temps du premier verbe a celui du second lorsque deuxieme la portion de la phrase est au passe . par exemple : who was it that you met ? ( but ) who is it that you are meeting ? when was it that you met her ? ( but ) when is it that you are meeting her ? . """""""" nous pouvons sur ce point differencier les constructions ' is it that ' et ' est-ce que ' , la construction de l ' anglais etant beaucoup moins figee que celle du fran ais . en effet , le fran ais n ' accorderait pas les temps des deux verbes .
  """",0
  1293,""""Subject: summary : linguistics in science fiction
   
   awhile back i posted a query asking for titles of science fiction books / stories in which linguistics ( of a reasonable sort ) played a large part . this turns out to be something of a faq . herewith a highly edited summary of the responses . some respondents gave a synopsis of the plot , which i attach in highly edited form , lest this get even longer than it already is . but first , thanks to the judges , namely : afn11122 @ freenet . ufl . edu , steve blackwelder ( sblackwelder @ firstbyte . ccmail . compuserve . com ) , anthea fraser ( ellgupta @ leonis . nus . sg ) , another anthea ( anfallen @ ursula . uoregon . edu ) , ines shaw ( ishaw @ badlands . nodak . edu ) , mark hansell ( mhansell @ carleton . edu ) , larry horn ( lhorn @ yalevm . cis . yale . edu ) , susan fischer ( sdfncr @ rit . edu ) , deborah d . kela ruuskanen ( druuskan @ cc . helsinki . fi ) , jacqueline anderson ( anderson @ smtp . munet . edu ) , anton ( dasher @ netcom . com ) , herbert stahlke ( 00hfstahlke @ bsu . edu or hstahlke @ bsu . edu ) , dorine houston ( v2188g % templevm . bitnet @ pucc . princeton . edu ) , peter christian ( peter @ gold . ac . uk ) , john anderson ( janderso @ epas . utoronto . ca or madhatter @ intacc . web . net ) , marty laforest ( marty . laforest @ ciral . ulaval . ca ) , mark a . mandel ( mark @ dragonsys . com ) , and larry trask ( larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk ) . in addition , the editors of linguist list provided me with the text of previous queries on this subject , and at the end there 's a faq from science . lang . i won't try to credit the authors cited in the latter two sources , or i 'd never get this off . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - and now the envelope . . . ( author 's name first , then titles with occasional comments , which should be apparent ) : suzette haden elgin . native tongue trilogy , including : the native tongue ( wherein language and linguistics are prominent issues in a future society ; laadan is a language in development ) . clans of linguists have become crucial because of their mediation with non-humans . raises issues about innateness , the bioprogram , language learning , relationship between body stucture and language , as well as feminist issues ) , and judas rose . derek bickerton . king of the sea . ( not exactly science fiction . but deals with human-dolphin communication . best explanation of bickerton 's bioprogram available with a valuable dicussion also of the problems of having a meaningful relationship with a dolphin . ) . arnason . a woman of the iron people . vonarburg . in the motherland . robert sheckley . shall we have a little talk ? ( for the evil earth capitalist empire to take over a planet , they have to buy some land on the planet . a representative goes to some planet to start negotiating for a land purchase and finds that every day the language has changed , not only in vocabulary but in grammar . at one point , he exclaims """""""" stop agglutinating ! """""""" the inhabitants of the planet are using accelerated language change as a defense mechanism , and at the end of the story , they are communicating in identical monosyllables ) . david carkeet . double negative ( one respondent called this """""""" a murder mystery in which a linguist uses his knowledge of child language acquisition to solve the murder """""""" ; another said it involved the human / animal boundary ) . samuel delany . babel 17 , triton ( latter takes on the arbitrariness of the relationship between form and meaning and builds a whole society around it , starting with , of course , an artificially engineered environment on a moon ( of saturn ? ) ) ; neveryon series ( second-hand report says it incorporates a good deal of linguistics ) . ian watson . the embedding . ( universal grammar , generative syntax . ) goulet . oh 's profit ( the main character is a signing gorilla named oh , and there 's a chomsky sound-alike baddie called sandground ) . pamela sargent . after long silence ( actually it has to do with communication more by music than by langauge , but communication with alien intelligences at any rate ) c . j . cherryh ( writes about contact between humans and aliens , and between different aliens : the chanur series ( best read in sequence ) : pride of chanur , chanur 's venture , the kif strike back , chanur 's homecoming , chanur 's legacy ( i think that 's the title - - it 's the funniest book but you can't appreciate it until you ' ve read the others ) ; others by cherryh ( not series ) : cuckoo 's egg ( less ling . than chanur ) , foreigner ( the hero is a guy who wrote his dissertation on plural forms in a non-human language , and it 's quite a good meditation on whether it would be possible to really understand a non-human intelligence - - in the form of a whodunit / spy / action novel ) . c . s . lewis ' space trilogy = out of the silent planet , perelandra , and that hideous strength ( the main character in two - - a minor character in the third - - is a 1930 's philologist , elwin ransom ) . card . ender 's game / xenocide / speaker for the dead series . john berryman . """""""" something to say """""""" in _ analog _ ( 1966-67 ) james p hogan . inherit the stars . janet kagan . hellspark , uhura 's song . h beam piper . """""""" omnilingual """""""" . ( i ' m not sure if the quotes here indicate this is a short story , rather than a novel . ) neal stephenson . snow crash . jack vance . languages of pao . ( comparative linguistics , sapir - whorf hypothesis ( weak form ) , semantics . ) walter jon williams . """""""" surfacing """""""" . roger zelazny . """""""" a rose for ecclesiastes """""""" ( ? ) russel hoban . riddley walker ( the whole thing is in the narrator 's own dialect , which is a future form of english . ) burgess , anthony . a clockwork orange ( futuristic version of anglicized russian ) . frank herbert . dune ( carefully worked out historical derivations of arabic religious language set thousands of years in the future ) . delany , samuel r . stars in my pocket like grains of sand . ( language change , alien languages ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [ the ff . are several works about sf and linguistics , rather than sf works themselves ] delany , samuel r . the jewel - hinged jaw : notes on the language of science fiction ( essays about how sentences work in sf as distinct from other kinds of writing ) . delany , samuel r . starboard wine : more notes on the language of science fiction . meyers , walter e . aliens and linguists : language study and science fiction . athens , ga : university of georgia press , 1980 . ( a scholarly work analyzing the linguistics in sf . . . how plausable it is , frequent errors that sf authors make when talking about linguistics , and examples of good linguistics . ) barnes , myra edwards . linguistics and languages in science fiction - fantasy . new york : arno press , 1975 . geoff pullum 's essay ` some lists of things about books ' in nllt 6 : 2 ( 1988 ) , pp . 283-290 , and reprinted in geoff 's book _ the great eskimo vocabulary hoax _ , 1991 , chicago : university of chicago press , pp . 190-200 . ( list of six sf novels featuring linguistics ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [ the following works were n't classified so much as being about linguistics , as that they made some use of linguistics , typically by using an invented language . ] brin , david . sundiver . ( language change , animal language , dolphins ) clarke , arthur c . rendezvous with rama . ( animal language , apes ) heinlein , robert a . red planet ( alien language : phonetics , semantics ) ; stranger in a strange land ( alien language : phonetics , semantics , shading into mysticism ) ; the moon is a harsh mistress ( future dialects of english ) hoban , russell . ridley walker . ( language change ) . le guin , ursula . always coming home ( invented language : semantics , grammar , etc . ) ; the left hand of darkness ( invented language : semantics ) . orwell , george . 1984 ( invented language : semantics , sociolinguistics , language and thought ) . tolkein , j . r . r . the lord of the rings ( invented languages , historical change , writing systems ) . womack , jack . terraplane ( language change , dialect differences ) . zelazny , roger . eye of cat ( alien language ) . [ short stories : ] carr , terry . """""""" the dance of the changer and the three """""""" in the best of terry carr . haldeman , joe . """""""" a tangled web """""""" in dealing in futures ( humorous alien language ) . haldeman , joe . """""""" anniversary project , """""""" in infinite dreams ( the evolution of human language ) . heinlein , robert a . """""""" gulf , """""""" in 6 x h ( superior language ; the limits of language ) . murphy , pat . """""""" rachel in love """""""" in points of departure ( animal language - - chimps ) . robinson , kim stanley . """""""" the translator """""""" in universe 1 ( edited by robert silverberg and karen haber ) ( a fresh look at the automatic translator ) . sallis , james . """""""" the attitude of the earth towards other bodies , """""""" in full spectrum 2 ( edited by lou aronica , et . al ) ( universal grammar ) . williams , walter jon . """""""" surfacing """""""" in facets ( alien grammar / semantics ) . poul anderson 's """""""" delenda est """""""" in """""""" worlds of maybe """""""" ( 1960s ; incorporated as a chapter in a recent anderson book ; someone undid the second punic war and carthage became a major power in europe . anderson creates at least two languages that might have been - a celtic language with semitic loanwords that would be used in north america , and a germanic language spoken by tribes that took over the italy that had a power vacuum . ) hal clement . ocean on top . poul anderson . """""""" a tragedy of errors """""""" in _ the long night _ , from tor . ( a planet that has new meaning for words like friend , slave , and business . ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - finally , the following is copied from sci . lang faq ( frequently asked questions ) . while the topic is broader ( not just * science * fiction ) , i would likely err if i tried to edit out stories that are n't science fiction . there is some duplication with the list above , that i also have n't tried to edit out . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - what are some stories and novels that involve linguistics ? [ - - markrose ] the following list is by no means exhaustive . it 's based on james myers ' list of books , which was compiled the the last time the subject came up on sci . lang . additions and corrections are welcome ; please suggest the approximate category and give the publication date , if possible . aliens and linguists : language study and science fiction , by walter meyers ( 1980 ) contains a general discussion and lists more works . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - alien languages """""""" tlon , uqbar , tertius orbis """""""" in ficciones - jorge luis borges ( 1956 ) 40000 in gehenna - c . j . cherryh babel-17 - samuel r . delany ( 1966 ) flight of the dragonfly - robert l . forward ( 1984 ) the haunted stars - edmond hamilton inherit the stars - james p . hogan """""""" omnilingual """""""" , in federation - h . beam piper contact - carl sagan ( 1985 ) psychaos - e . p . thompson """""""" a martian odyssey """""""" in sf hall of fame - stanley weinbaum ( 1934 ) """""""" a rose for ecclesiastes """""""" in sf hall of fame - roger zelazny ( 1963 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - futuristic varieties of english a clockwork orange - anthony burgess ( 1962 ) hellflower - eluki bes shahar the inheritors - william golding ( 1955 ) the moon is a harsh mistress - robert heinlein ( 1966 ) riddley walker - russel hoban ( 1980 ) 1984 - george orwell ( 1948 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - other invented languages native tongue - suzette haden elgin ( 1984 ) the gameplayers of zan - m a foster """""""" gulf """""""" in assignment in eternity - robert a . heinlein ( 1949 ) dune - frank herbert ( 1965 ) the klingon dictionary - marc okrand ( 1985 ) the void-captain ' s tale - norman spinrad the lord of the rings - j r r tolkien ( 1954-55 ) the memorandum - vaclav havel ( 1966 ) the languages of pao - jack vance ( 1957 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - linguist heroes double negative - david carkeet the full catastrophe - david carkeet pygmalion - george bernard shaw ( 1912 ) the poison oracle - peter dickinson ( 1974 ) hands on - andrew rosenheim ( 1992 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - animal language watership down - richard adams tarzan of the apes - edgar rice burroughs ( 1912 ) congo - michael crichton - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - use of linguistic theory snow crash - neal stephenson ( 1992 ) gulliver ' s travels - jonathan swift ( 1726 ) the embedding - ian watson ( 1973 ) ozark trilogy - suzette haden elgin yonder comes the other end of time - suzette haden elgin - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - other the troika incident - james cooke brown ( 1969 ) [ loglan ] love me tomorrow - robert rimmer ( 1976 ) [ loglan ] etxemendi - florence delay [ chomsky ref ] so you want to be a wizard - diane duane tongues of the moon - philip jose farmer the dispossessed - ursula leguin ( 1974 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if i do n't get much linguistics done in the next while , you ' ll know why . enjoy !
  """",0
  1294,""""Subject: summary : expletive negation in modern hebrew
   
   on february 27 , i posted a querry on expletive negation in modern hebrew . i want to thank ariel cohen ( ariel _ cohen @ riga . mt . cs . cmu . edu ) , michael ephratt ( rhlh702 @ uvm . haifa . ac . il ) , bob fradkin ( raf100f @ oduvm . cc . odu . edu ) , laurence horn ( lhorn @ yalevm . cis . yale . edu ) , paul rowlett ( p . a . rowlett @ mod - lang . salford . ac . uk ) and lucia tovena ( tovena @ latl . unige . ch ) for their comments . my querry originated from michael moore 's comment to the effect that in modern hebrew , the sentence negation of subordinate clauses dominated by before , until and i ' m afraid can be interpreted referentially or expletively . according to ariel cohen , only until contexts allow an expletive negation . bob fradkin mentionned that expletive negation in mh seemed less frequent than in french . while it seems that expletive negation in mh has a narrower domain of use than in french , there might also be a question of style involved here ; while expletive negation is an aknowledged grammatical feature of formal style in french , it might be a non-standard feature of mh . this is suggested to me by the fact that neither glinert 1989 suggested by michael ephratt nor rosen 1977 even mention expletive negation in mh . lucia tovena pointed me to her 1994 paper in geneva generative papers about italian , hungarian and hindi expletive negation in until contexts . for a typological overview of expletive negation , one can consult horn 1978 , which shows the typological extension of the phenomenon . now , i ' m still left with a few unanswered questions . i ' m surprised that there apparently does n't exist any study on the topic in mh . i wonder whether i should be looking in the direction of ancient hebrew . a question of more general interest is how to deal with divergent distributions of a phenomenon across languages ; in other words , how should the fact that expletive negation exists in comparative and fearing contexts in a large number of languages but not in mh ? ? could matters of style , as suggested above , explain this ? ? thanks for those who responded and for those who will . - glinert , l . , 1989 , the grammar of modern hebrew , cambridge up . - horn , l . , 1978 , some aspects of negation , j . greenberg , universals of human language , vol . 4 , standford up , 127-210 . - moore , m . , 1992 , double negation , et cetera , 304-309 . - rosen , 1977 , contemporary hebrew . pierre larrivee departement de langues et linguistique , universite laval , quebec , canada , g1k 7p4 3914larp @ vm1 . ulaval . ca
  """",0
  1295,""""Subject: gurt 1995 ( long posting )
   
   georgetown university round table on languages and linguistics 1995 pre - sessions and conference : march 6-11 , 1995 """""""" linguistics and the education of second language teachers : ethnolinguistic , psycholinguistic , and sociolinguistic aspects """""""" main conference opening session : wednesday , march 8 , 1995 , 7 : 30 p . m . , georgetown campus , gaston hall ( registration required ) opening remarks : james e . alatis , dean emeritus , school of languages and linguistics chair , georgetown university round table 1995 dedication of conference to charles a . ferguson acceptance by shirley brice heath honored guest : eugene garcia , director , obemla , u . s . department of education speaker : steve krashen , university of southern california the cause - effect confusion and the time issue in education opening reception to follow in icc galleria admission to all sessions by badge only ; registration materials and badges will not be mailed but may be picked up at registration center in intercultural center ( icc ) , exact location to be posted ; registration materials for march 8 evening session available in gaston hall foyer from 6 : 30 p . m . all pre-sessions on march 6 , 7 , and 8 and main sessions on march 9 , 10 , and 11 will be held in intercultural center ( rooms to be posted ) . detailed program with abstracts included in registration packets . thursday , march 9 , 1995 intercultural center plenary speakers : kathleen bailey , monterey institute of international studies what teachers say about teaching bessie dendrinos , university of athens , greece foreign language textbook discourse and pedagogization of the learner invited speakers : david r . andrews , georgetown university standard versus non-standard : the intersection of sociolinguistics and language teaching elsaid badawi , american university in cairo the use of arabic in egyptian t . v . commercials : a language simulator for the training of teachers of arabic as a foreign language kenneth chastain , university of virginia knowledge , language , and communication virginia p . collier , george mason university language acquisition for school : academic , cognitive , sociocultural , and linguistic processes joann crandall , university of maryland baltimore county reinventing schools : the role of the applied linguist nadine o'connor di vito , university of chicago using native speech to formulate past tense rules in french adam jaworski , university of wales , college of cardiff language awareness in applied linguistics students : evidence from linguistic and cultural heritage essays donna lardiere , georgetown university an update on transfer and transferability donald j . loritz , georgetown university unlearning learnability yuling pan , georgetown university addressee , setting , and verbal behavior : how relevant are they in foreign language teaching ? guy spielmann , georgetown university multidisciplinary integrated language education ( mile ) and second / foreign language teaching g . richard tucker , carnegie mellon university developing a research component within a teacher education program andrea tyler , georgetown university patterns of lexis : how much can repetition tell us about discourse coherence ? bill vanpatten , university of illinois , urbana - champaign is psycholinguistics relevant to language teaching ? shelley wong , university of maryland , college park curriculum transformation : a psycholinguistic course for prospective teachers of esol k 12 elizabeth zsiga , georgetown university phonology and phonetics in the education of second language teachers : the representation of some variable rules of english friday , march 10 , 1995 intercultural center plenary speakers : leslie m . beebe , teachers college , columbia university polite fictions : instrumental rudeness as pragmatic competence joan morley , university of michigan maximizing learning invited speakers : vincent j . cangiano , el houcine haichour , stephanie j . stauffer , georgetown university taming the electronic lion , or how to shape a language learning environment out of the chaos called the internet jeff connor - linton , georgetown university late night thoughts on complexity , linguistics , and language teaching barbara a . craig , georgetown university boundary discourse and the authority of knowledge in the second language classroom madeline e . ehrman , u . s . department of state , fsi personality , language learning aptitude , and program structure aviva freedman , carleton university , ottawa """""""" situating """""""" learning to write for the l2 teacher william c . hannas , georgetown university teaching chinese teachers what constitutes """""""" chinese """""""" susan huss - lederman , georgetown university """""""" wait wait wait wait ! """""""" a sociolinguistic analysis of repetition in the speech of adult beginning esl learners using instructional software kurt r . jankowsky , georgetown university on the need to unlearn in the foreign language learning process ronald p . leow , georgetown university teacher education and psycholinguistics : making teachers psycholinguists steven j . loughrin - sacco , boise state university research internships : involving undergraduate foreign language secondary education majors in ethnographic research anne pakir , national university of singapore beginning at the end : """""""" bilingual education for all """""""" in singapore and teacher perception sophia c . papaefthymiou - lytra , university of athens , greece culture and the teaching of foreign languages : a case study teresa pica , university of pennsylvania teaching language and teaching language learners : the expanding role and expectations of language teachers in communicative content-based classrooms peter schmitter , martin - luther - universit t halle - wittenberg , germany structural or cognitive semantics as a topic in the linguistic education of second language teachers ? charles w . stansfield , second language testing , inc . considerations in the writing of sopi prompts monique y . wong , hellenic american union , greece using simulation to develop negotiation strategies in a foreign language saturday , march 11 , 1995 intercultural center plenary speakers : marianne celce - murcia , university of california , los angeles the elaboration of sociolinguistic competence : implications for teacher education diane larsen - freeman , school for international training on the changing role of linguistics in the education of second language teachers : past , present , and future invited speakers : catherine n . ball , georgetown university providing comprehensible input in a dead foreign language : two text-based strategies isolda e . carranza , georgetown university multi - level analysis of two-way bilingual classroom discourse anna uhl chamot , georgetown university learning strategies of elementary foreign language immersion students mary el - kadi , old dominion university discourse analysis of classroom interaction and the training of esl teachers elaine k . horwitz , university of texas at austin foreign language anxiety and foreign language teachers : what can teacher educators do ? christina kakava , mary washington college directness and indirectness in professor student interaction : the intersection of contextual and cultural constraints david nunan , university of hong kong systemic - functional linguistics and the education of second language teachers : a case study linju ogasawara , japanese ministry of education ( ret . ) native cultural interference in japanese english usage john j . staczek , georgetown university metalinguistic talk in mature l2 adult-learner classroom discourse stephanie j . stauffer , georgetown university reap what you sow : in - service training for language teachers for computer-mediated communication steven sternfeld , university of utah from hirsch 's dystopia to hakuta 's utopia : a call for multilingual alliance weiping wu , center for applied linguistics education of second language teachers : the link between linguistic theory and teaching practice dolly j . young , university of tennessee language anxiety in sl acquisition : using a wider angle of focus raffaella zanuttini , georgetown university dialectal variation as an insight into the structure of language gen - yuan zhuang , hangzhou university , prc what they hear is not what they read : speech perception and the training of english teachers in china * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * other georgetown conferences : * georgetown linguistics society , gls 1995 , developments in discourse analysis , february 17-19 , 1995 . plenary speakers : frederick erickson , charles goodwin , heidi hamilton , deborah schiffrin , roger shuy , and deborah tannen . contact : gls 1995 , g . u . dept . of linguistics , icc 479 , washington , dc 20057-1068 ; gls @ guvax . georgetown . edu ; gls @ guvax . bitnet ; tel : 202 / 687-6166 . * international linguistics association , ila , discourse and text analysis , march 10-12 , 1995 . contact : ruth brend , 3363 burbank dr . , ann arbor , mi 48105 ; ruth . brend @ um . cc . umich . edu ; tel : 313 / 665-2787 ; fax : ( 313 ) 665-9743 ; email : ruth . brend @ um . cc . umich . edu * 9th annual symposium on arabic linguistics , march 10-12 , 1995 . contact g . u . arabic department , icc 463 , washington , dc 20057-1082 ; solernoe @ guvax . georgetown . edu ; tel : 202 / 687 - 5743 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * pre-conference sessions : march 6 - 8 , 1995 the pre-conference sessions will be held in the intercultural center of georgetown university . please contact the individual organizers for more information on the content of the sessions only . to register , see registration form or contact gurt coordinator . monday , march 6 , 1995 spanish linguistics i organizers : dr . hector campos , mr . eric holt , and ms . norma catalan g . u . department of spanish washington , dc 20057-0989 ( 202 ) 687-6134 hcampos @ guvax . georgetown . edu issues in slavic linguistics organizer : dr . david r . andrews g . u . department of russian washington , dc 20057-0990 ( 202 ) 687-6108 / 6147 andrewsd @ guvax . georgetown . edu african linguistics vi organizer : rev . solomon sara , s . j . , ph . d . g . u . department of linguistics washington , dc 20057-1068 ( 202 ) 687-5956 ssara @ guvax . georgetown . edu discourse and agency : responsibility and deception organizer : dr . patricia e . o'connor g . u . department of english washington , dc 20057-1048 ( 202 ) 687-7622 ; fax : 687-5445 oconnorpe @ guvax . georgetown . edu tuesday , march 7 , 1995 spanish linguistics ii organizers : dr . hector campos , mr . eric holt , and ms . norma catalan g . u . department of spanish washington , dc 20057-0989 ( 202 ) 687-6134 hcampos @ guvax . georgetown . edu teaching and learning spoken arabic organizer : dr . margaret nydell g . u . department of arabic washington , dc 20057-1082 ( 202 ) 687-5743 history of linguistics organizer : dr . kurt r . jankowsky g . u . department of german washington , dc 20057-0994 ( 202 ) 687-5812 innovative audio and looking at multimedia ( two sessions ) organizer : jackie m . tanner , director g . u . language learning technology washington , dc 20057-0987 ( 202 ) 687-5766 jtanner @ guvax . georgetown . edu issues in foreign language program direction i organizer : dr . ronald p . leow g . u . spanish dept . washington , dc 20057-0909 ( 202 ) 687-6134 rleow @ guvax . georgetown . edu wednesday , march 8 , 1995 computer - mediated discourse analysis organizer : dr . susan herring program in linguistics university of texas arlington , tx 76019 ( 817 ) 273-3133 susan @ utafll . uta . edu celebration of bilingual immersion programs organizer : prof . dorothy b . goodman friends of international education p . o . box 4800 washington , dc 20008 ( 202 ) 363-8510 issues in foreign language program direction ii organizer : dr . ronald p . leow g . u . department of spanish washington , dc 20057-0989 ( 202 ) 687-6134 rleow @ guvax . georgetown . edu * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tutorials ( for connor - linton and spielmann tutorials , maximum of 20 participants ; no participant limit for krashen workshop ) : monday , march 6 """""""" criterion - referenced curriculum and test development for language teachers and administrators """""""" presenter : dr . jeff connor - linton , g . u . dept of linguistics , ( 202 ) 687-5956 tuesday , march 7 """""""" language acquisition and language education : a review of research and theory and current issues """""""" presenter : dr . steve krashen , school of education , university of southern california , los angeles , ca 90089-0031 wednesday , march 8 authentic documents in the language class : theoretical perspectives and didactic applications presenter : dr . guy spielmann , g . u . department of french , ( 202 ) 687-5717 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * for registration , hotel and other information , please contact carolyn a . straehle , coordinator * gurt 1995 * georgetown university school of languages and linguistics * 303 intercultural center * washington , dc 20057-1067 * e-mail : gurt @ guvax . bitnet or gurt @ guvax . georgetown . edu * voice : 202 / 687-5726 * fax : 202 / 687-5712 * * * * * * * to obtain gurt ' 95 information from the world wide web , use the following address : url : http : / / www . georgetown . edu / conferences / gurt95 / gurt95 . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * for inexpensive student accommodations , contact : washington student center at the washington international ayh - hostel 1009 11th street , nw washington , dc 20001 tel : ( 202 ) 737-2333 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  1296,""""Subject: the lanuage wayana
   
   i am in very interested in getting hold of any dictionaries , lexicons , or any other material on the wayana language . i am not sure what language family wayana belongs to , but it is spoken among the amerindians in french guiana , suriname , and northeastern brazil . if anyone has any info . that would help me respond to : ebs3b @ virginia . edu . thank you in advance . erik seversen .
  """",0
  1297,""""Subject: materials to learn luganda
   
   i ' m inquiring for a somewhat linguistically savvy undergraduate who will be spending this june - november in kampala : what is there available in the way of books , a / v materials , courses , whatever for learning luganda ? thanks . george huttar huttar @ sil . org
  """",0
  1298,""""Subject: queries
   
   in a reference i can no longer identify , i recall coming across an assertion that the accent with which east indians speak english arose as a result of the teachers of english in india during the major period of british colonialism there were from wales . as a result , indians were originally taught english with a welsh accent , a happenstance of linguistic accidnet perpetuated through succeeding generations . is ther any truth to this ? does anyone out there know the origins of this ? further - - are there any studies on characteristics of national accents in foreign tongues ( eg . is there a relationship between the characteristic accent with which italians speak english and , say , the way in which they might speak russian ; or the english person 's accent in speaking spanish or in speaking french , for instance ) . finally - - a medico-linguistic query . in older medical text - books which listening to the chest with a stethoscope , the physician is instructed to tell the patient to enunciate """""""" ninety-nine . """""""" this actually makes very little sense . the origin apparently is from an early translation from the german in which the german term-equivalent used in the original text for what was translated as """""""" ninety-nine """""""" does involve strong expirations and so is a useful tool in examination . again - - does anyone out there have any info on this ? to complicate things further - - i am a biologist and not a linguist and am not on this list ! so i would greatly apprciate it you could communicate with me directly : shodell @ aurora . liunet . edu very many thanks for reading this far and for any help you might be able to offer - - mike shodell
  """",0
  1299,""""Subject: the ipa market
   
   """""""" alexis mr """""""" urges that phonetic alphabets be standardized , and writes , """""""" why not let the invisible hand of the """""""" market """""""" of ideas operate freely ? """""""" but the market * is * operating . that 's exactly why we have several different systems , any that 's why people feel free to modify those systems as they please . i do not see how the market would demand i asked in an earlier egram ( vol-6 - 199 ) why it would benefit me , as an active fieldworker , to have a completely revamped phonetic alphabet . i am still waiting for a plausible answer . i am happy with ipa most of the time , and when i ' m not i innovate as necessary . a complete overhaul would be wrenching for me and probably leave me feeling extremely alientated . more likely , i would just go on using the ipa and chinese ipa symbols i already use , and the dubious goal of a new , unified standard phonetic system would fail . i think the real reason some people want to overhaul ipa is to alter its aesthetics - to make it neater , more symmetrical somehow . i do not see any practical value in this . nor do i see any need to have a single , unified system , replacing both ipa and american consensual practice . everybody recognizes esh , and everybody recognizes s-hachek , and if a letter _ y _ appears in a transcription you look carefully at the introduction and find out what it represents , that 's all . where is the problem ? please , someone tell me , where is the problem ? david prager branner , yuen ren society asian l&l , do-21 , university of washington seattle , wa 98195 ( charmii @ u . washington . edu )
  """",0
  1300,""""Subject: re : 6 . 389 sum : history of capitalisation in english
   
   i believe that at one time all nouns were capped in english as they still are in german . you may find something of interest in my paper on the capping of ethnic names in the just published centennial usage studies , pads . as i recall , nunberg tries to map out a descriptive theory of punctuation and says little if anything about caps ( almost no one says anything about them but there are a few works reference in th bibliography to my article . bob wachal
  """",0
  1301,""""Subject: re : 6 . 389 sum : history of capitalisation in english
   
   just a quick one before everyone else gets in . two germanic languages , at least , dutch and standard german , use a captalised pronoun form for the polite second - person use : ' u ' in dutch , ' sie ' in german . i guess the explanation for this is respect , just as pronominal references to the deity are capitalised by many . in modern netherlands dutch , this is disappearing , and ' u ' is used , whereas in belgian dutch ( flemish ) , i have the impression it 's retained much more ( as is the use of ' u ' itself - in netherlands dutch , i believe that ' u ' is beginning to be restricted to formal , rather than merely polite , usage , whereas in belgium , people use ' u ' with each other for much longer - i even heard my children calling their friends , aged around 10 , ' u ' , and they ' re not notably polite ) . the explanation for capitalised ' i ' in english can't be respect - i suspect it 's merely typographical , having to do with the fact that lower-case ' i ' is so small . paul werth
  """",0
  1302,""""Subject: affricates - - one segment or two
   
   the recent query and summary by larry trask on german affricates makes me think of the fact that , unless i am mistaken , it is perfectly easy to hear the difference between one - and two-segment stop-fricative sequences at least in some cases . polish has a contrast of this sort at least in initial position , where the words spelled _ trzy _ and _ czy _ differ only in that the former has a cluster , the second an affricate . also , if you compare the english way of saying _ ts _ with the german way of saying _ z _ ( or the polish or the yiddish , etc . ) , there is an audible difference . most english speakers ' rendition of _ matzah _ ( or _ matzoh _ ) for example sounds quite different from the yiddish or polish , but ( and this is also very suggestive ) i have found a few am . engl . speakers ( not all of them jewish , by the way ) who have the affricate , i . e . , one-segment / ts / in this and perhaps some other yiddish borrowings but the two segment / t / + / s / otherwise , so that these speakers do not rhyme _ matzah _ and _ lots o ( f ) _ , whereas most speakers do . finally , i think some speakers have a one-segment / ts / in hit ya , but a two-segment / t / + / s / in hits ya , although most speakers i have asked refuse to admit anything but the nonpalatalized , non-affricated pronunciation in the second case . alexis mr
  """",0
  1303,""""Subject: turn measurement
   
   dear linguists this is a desperate plea for information regarding software which enables one to time turn-taking in natural conversation . i have followed up a number of references to such devices in the literature but to no avail ! what i need is something which will time ( more accurately than me plus stopwatch ) turns , silence between turns , and , if possible , overlaps . anyone who knows of something which could be persuaded to do this for me , please let me know as this is becoming rather urgent . sally hunt linguistics department rhodes university grahamstown 6140 south africa e-mail : lish @ warthog . ru . ac . za phone : + 27 - 461 - 318105 / 6 ( w ) fax : + 27 - 461 - 25049
  """",0
  1304,""""Subject: query : chinese grammatical markers
   
   i ' m interested in any information regarding the diachronic development of the following grammatical markers in various chinese languages ( apologies for the email-mutilated transcriptions ) : ( 1 ) mandarin : [ de ] ( the """""""" genitive """""""" / """""""" relative """""""" marker ) ( 2 ) mandarin : [ ge ] ( the general numeral classifier ) ( 3 ) shanghainese : [ ge ] ( the """""""" genitive """""""" / """""""" relative """""""" marker ) ( 4 ) hokkien : [ e ] ( a ) ( the """""""" genitive """""""" / """""""" relative """""""" marker ) ( b ) ( the general numeral classifier ) ( 5 ) teochew : [ kai ] ( a ) ( the """""""" genitive """""""" / """""""" relative """""""" marker ) ( b ) ( the general numeral classifier ) ( 6 ) cantonese : [ ge ] ( the """""""" genitive """""""" / """""""" relative """""""" marker ) [ go ] ( the general numeral classifier ) [ dik ] ( the ligature ) more specifically : question 1 : which of the above markers are historically / etymologically related to which others , ie . deriving from a diachronically reconstructable common source ? ( eg . are mandarin [ de ] and cantonese [ dik ] diachronically related ? , etc . etc . ) question 2 : ( specific to hokkien and teochew ) most native speakers of hokkien and teochew , who are also speakers of mandarin , are of the opinion that there are two distinct markers exhibiting accidental homophony : a """""""" genitive """""""" / """""""" relative """""""" [ e ] / [ kai ] corresponding to mandarin [ de ] , and a """""""" classifier """""""" [ e ] / [ kai ] corresponding to mandarin [ ge ] . question 2a : is it demonstrably the case that [ e ] and [ kai ] are the respective products of diachronic coalescence of distinct forms at some earlier stage of the language ? question 2b : are there any valid synchronic arguments for positing two distinct lexical items , ie . two [ e ] 's in hokkien , and two [ kai ] 's in teochew ? ( i consider the choice of characters conventionally used to represent these markers as irrelevant . ) note : i am a general linguist , not a sinologist , and i do n't read or speak chinese . i would greatly appreciate either your own views on the above questions , or references to published works addressing these questions . however , if the references happen to be in chinese , i would be extremely grateful if you could provide a synopsis of their contents . thanks , david gil national university of singapore ellgild @ nusvm . bitnet
  """",0
  1305,""""Subject: inquiry re : slang and rock music
   
   i am working on a project where i need to explore the relationship between rock & roll music and current slang . any suggestions on previous studies or books or any contributions would be greatly appreciated . i will post a summary and e - mail directly to anyone who requests a follow up . thank you carolyn chriss caroza @ aol . com
  """",0
  1306,""""Subject: sum : uptalk
   
   recently i asked for information on uptalk or high rising terminal . i received many responses from people and a number of useful references . i want to thank the following people for their help : cynthia mclemore janet holmes gregory ward marc picards david britain carolyn buck - gengler laura a . michaelis julia hirschberg and elizabeth whalley i received the following references : allan , scott 1990 . the rise of new zealand intonation . in allan bell & janet holmes ( eds . ) new zealand ways of speaking english . clevedon , avon : multilingual matters . 115-128 . britain , david 1992 . linguistic change in intonation : the use of high rising terminals in new zealand english . language variation & change . vol . 4 , 1 : 77-104 . britain , d & john newman 1992 . high rising terminals in new zealand english . in journal of international phonetic association vol . 22 : 1 / 2 : 1-11 . mclemore , cynthia 1991 . the interpretation of l * h in english . texas linguistic forum 32 : discourse : 175-96 . mclemore , c . 1992 . prosodic variation across discourse types . ircs work - shop on prosody in natural speech . 117 - 128 . hirschberg , j & ward , g . the interpretation of the high-rise question contour in english . soon to appear in the journal of pragmatics . in addition , i received suggestions and support from many people for which i am thankful . sincerely , laurel balyeat
  """",0
  1307,""""Subject: 
   
   phonology & phonetics generative french phonology : retrospective and perspectives chantal lyche , editor p . 287 , middlesex : afls / esri the book presents a number of the papers read at the international phonology workshop held in aix - en - provence , sept . 93 . the aim of the workshop was to survey the field of french phonology 25 years after the publication of s . schane 's ' french phonology and morphology ' . the book includes 13 papers illustrating several non-linear frameworks and it covers a wide range of topics from the syllable to sociolinguistics studies . the book can be ordered from : european studies and research institute department of modern languages crescent house salford , m5 4wt england germanic langs kristinsson , ari pall ; the pronunciation of modern icelandic ( written in english ) , 67 pp . prize : usd 10 . - ( prepaid , sending cost included ) . cassette ; prize usd 17 . - this is a teaching text on pronunciation , adapted to the needs of foreign speakers . the author concentrates on icelandic spelling and the sounds each letter represents , with special emphasis on those aspects experience has shown to be problematic for foreign speakers . the book contains fifty-six exercises , in which the pronunciation of single words and sentences is illustrated by phonic script , which for simplification purposes has been slightly adapted to spelling . these exercises are also available on cassette , where the words are read out with pauses in between , to give the student time to listen and repeat . svavarsdottir , asta and margriet jonsdottir ; islenska fyrir utlendinga ( icelandic for foreign speakers ) , 236 pp . written in icelandic . prize : usd 24 . - this is a grammar intended for foreign speakers . it is particularly suited for beginners , with whom the authors have a lot of experience . the book is divided into four main parts , each of wich is further divided in to six chapters . the grammar deals with the basic rules of accidence and syntax of modern icelandic . because it has been written with complete beginners in mind , the main emphasis is on the most common and regular grammatical rules . svavarsdottir , asta ; aefingar med enskum glosum og leidriettingarlyklum ( exercices with english glossary and key ) for use with islenska fyrir utlendinga ( icelandic for foreign speakers ) above , 131 pp . prize : usd 16 . - this is a book of exercises intended to reinforce the student 's knowledge of the icelandic rules and syntax as described in islenska fyrir utlendinga . its format follows that of the teaching text , with four main parts , each divided into six chapters , making it very easy to use with islenska fyrir utlendinga . it contains icelandic - english glossary . jonsdottir , margriet ; aefingar ( exercises ) to islenska fyrir utlendinga , 182 pp . prize : usd 21 . - this book contains exercises to reinforce the student 's knowledge of grammatical forms and sentence construction acquired in islenska fyrir utlendinga ( icelandic for foreign speakers ) . the exercises are divided into four parts , with each part further divided into six chapters , like the book , which makes it very easy to use the two books together . the book contains three glossaries , icelandic - french , icelandic - swedish and icelandic - german . these books are available from : institute of linguistics university of iceland arnagardi v / sudurgotu 101 reykjavik iceland and can be ordered through surface mail or through e-mail : malvis @ rhi . hi . is and are prepaid . aphasia eling , paul ( university of nijmegen ) ( ed . ) . reader in the history of aphasia . > from franz gall to norman geschwind john benjamins xvi , 392 pp . aphasia hb : 90 272 1893 5 us $ 110 . 00 / hfl . 200 , - - the study of language and the brain is heavily dependent on work of the early aphasiologists , and those wanting to be acquainted with the discipline will come across frequent references to these classic authors . this collection brings together seminal publications by 19th - and 20th - century neurologists concerned with the relationship between language and the brain . the book includes biographical sketches of the authors discussed , and bibliographies of their relevant publications . texts by : franz joseph gall ( 1758-1828 ) [ claus heeschen ] ; paul broca ( 1824-1915 ) ( paul eling ] ; carl wernicke [ 1848-1905 ] ( antoine keyser ] ; henry charlton bastian ( 1837-1915 ) [ john c . marshall ] ; john hughlings jackson ( 1835-1911 ) [ bento p . m . schulte ] ; sigmund freud ( 1856-1939 ) [ o . r . hommes ) ; jules dejerine ( 1849-1947 ) [ w . o . renierl ; pierre marie ( 1853-1940 ) [ yvan lebrun ] ; amold pick ( 1851 - 1924 ) [ a . d . friederici ] ; henry head ( 1861-1940 ) ( patrick hudson ] ; kurt goldstein ( 1878-1965 ) [ ria de bleser ] ; norman ( geschwind ( 1926-1984 ) [ mary - louise kean ] . discourse abraham , werner , t . givsn and sandra a . thompson ( eds . ) discourse grammar and typology . papers in honor of john w . m . verhaar john benjamins xviii , 346 pp . discourse hb : us : 155619 379 3 / eur : 90 272 3030 7 us $ 98 . 00 / hfl . 175 , - - dedicated to fr . verhaar , this volume presents papers related to discourse analysis and language typology . the papers are arranged in five groups : 1 . transitivity and voice , 2 . clausal modality , 3 . typology and discourse categories , language and culture , 5 . functionality contributions by : werner abraham , john m . clifton , bernard comrie & kaoru horie , bambang purwo kaswanti , robert j . conrad & joshua lukas , bernd heine , paul j . hopper , barbara a . fox , anna wierzbicka , john haiman , charles n . li , and susanna cumming . downing , pamela and michael noonan ( university of wisconsin milwaukee ) ( eds . ) word order in discourse . john benjamins x , 593 pp . discourse hb : us : 1 55619 424 2 / eur : 90 272 2921 x us $ 135 . 00 / hfl . 250 , - - pb : us 1 55619 636 9 / eur : 90 272 2922 8 us $ 37 . 95 / hfl . 75 , - - this volume brings together a collection of 18 papers dealing with the problem of word order variation in discourse . word order variation has often been treated as an essentially unpredictable phenomenon , a matter of selecting randomly one set of possible orders generated by the grammar . however , as the papers in this collection show , word order variation is not random , but rather is governed by principles which can be subjected to scientific investigation and are common to all languages . the papers in this volume discuss word order variation in a diverse collection of languages and from a number of perspectives , including experimental and quantitative , text-based studies . a number of papers address the problem of deciding which order is ' basic ' among the alternatives . typological studies in language , 30 m . a . gernsbacher ( university of wisconsin ) and t . givsn ( university of oregon ) ( eds . ) . coherence in spontaneous text . john benjamins x , 267 pp . discourse hb : us : 1 55619 637 7 / eur : 90 272 2923 6 us $ 80 . 00 / hfl . 145 , - - pb : us : 1 55619 638 5 / eur : 90 272 2924 4 us $ 32 . 95 / hfl . 65 , - - the main theme running through this volume is that coherence is a mental phenomenon rather than a property of the spoken or written text , or of the social situation . most of the papers in this volume were originally presented at the symposium on coherence in spontaneous text , held at the university of oregon in the spring of 1992 . contributions by : anne anderson ; jennifer coates ; t . givsn ; charles goodwin ; walter kintsch ; tony sanford and linda moxey ; tom trabasso ; soyoung suh and paula payton ; matthew traxler and morti gernsbacher ; deanna wilkes - gibbs typological studies in language , 31
  """",0
  1308,""""Subject: linguist nameserver
   
   the linguists nameserver - plea as many of you will know we maintain a nameserver for linguists and related scientists at linguist @ alf . let . uva . nl . this nameserver contains around 7500 e-mail addresses of persons and institutions , as well as institutional fax addresses . as with all such lists the addresses rapidly become out of date , as people change jobs , or computer centres change computers . to reduce the number of ghost adddresses , and add linguists to the list whose e-mail addresses are not presently contained in it , i would encourage all direct and indirect subscribers to linguist to check that their address ( es ) are still valid . three commands are relevant in this context : list this command enables one or more addresses to be extracted from the database . the correct syntax to extract bill clinton 's address ( just an example ) would be : list clinton this command should be sent to linguists @ alf . let . uva . nl remove this command enables a single address to be removed . the correct syntax is : remove clinton , bill : clinton @ ovalroom . whitehouse . gov add this command enables a single address to be added . the correct syntax is : add clinton , bill : clinton @ ovalroom . whitehouse . gov to change an address you require both a remove and an add operation . any combination of commands is acceptible as long each is given on a separate line . there is no restriction to one command per message . so 150 separate add commands in one message is quite acceptible . we would ask that people do not use capital letters in addresses - these are never essential . the reason for us to ask this at the present is that we will be transferring operations in the near future from the vax on which linguists is now maintained to a new unix system . this will also enable us to improve our service with new possibilities . norval smith pieter masereeuw
  """",0
  1309,""""Subject: a new multidisciplinary periodical : call for comments
   
   a new multidisciplinary periodical : call for comments * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the following document presents the broad outlines of a new publication currently being developed by the centre national d ' art et de culture georges - pompidou , paris ( france ) . it is also available on our new www server , at url http : / / www . cnac-gp . fr . we are informing internet users of this project so as to generate a discussion and so that your ideas and comments can be used to modify and enrich our plans . for more detailed information on the project , please refer to the full french version ( available here in a few days ) . you will also find a questionnaire to help us know the people interested in this publication . - - daniel soutif directeur du departement du developpement culturel
  """",0
  1310,""""Subject: on - line library catalogs
   
   i do n't mean to discourage linguist readers from posting bibliographical queries on the list . on the contrary , i would like to remind / inform them that available , open-access on-line library catalogs exist through telnet which may make your life much easier when searching for references . all you need is access to telnet and a little patience . the following address will offer you a tour around the main libraries in the world . it 's unlikely for any important volume not to be listed in any of the important libraries . to access it , just give the command ( after the prompt ) telnet rsl . ox . ac . uk or telnet 163 . 1 . 62 . 31 this is ( i believe ) a free service , except for however your local system manages command and cpu usage time . it 's a site located in the u . k . you need no login name , no password . just log in and follow the menus . once you ' ve identified the library ( es ) of your liking , you may prefer to take down their telnet addresses in order to access them directly in the future . a few sites offer access to article indexes . services exist which may fax you a given article upon request ( for a fee , of course ) in 24 hours . the syntax for bibliographical searches varies from institution to institution , but after a while you get the idea and library navigation becomes kids ' stuff . please please do not write to my account asking for more details about how this works - - at least not for a couple of months ! i ' m just a user . celso alvarez - caccamo
  """",0
  1311,""""Subject: re : 6 . 381 words that are their own opposites
   
   several people submitted """""""" overlook """""""" and """""""" oversight """""""" , which are fine examples of this phenomenon in english ( though i think that mary neff 's """""""" outgoing : retiring """""""" is perhaps the most elegant submission to date . ) perhaps my current work on the various shades of meaning in english prepositions has biased me , but in any case i think that the difference in the various senses of """""""" oversight """""""" and """""""" overlook """""""" stems largely from their compounding with """""""" over - """""""" . """""""" over """""""" is sneaky ; at first glance it seems to be fairly limited in expressive power , but deeper analysis reveals that in it lurk a number of distinctions of meaning , some of them quite subtle indeed . in addition to nuances of physical location , """""""" over """""""" can indicate power relationships ( both outright force , and more subtle authority ) , value judgements , and the general notion of ( metaphorically ) moving on to another thing , as in """""""" get over it """""""" and """""""" skip over """""""" . so my analysis of """""""" oversight """""""" and """""""" overlook """""""" would be that in one sense , """""""" over """""""" takes on the meaning of authority-over , and in the other sense it takes on the meaning of skipping-over . perhaps a similar argument could be make for the """""""" sight / see / look """""""" part of the compound ? for instance , useages such as """""""" see to it """""""" """""""" look to your own interest """""""" seem to carry some of this """""""" authority """""""" meaning . i think the """""""" over """""""" analysis is more clear-cut , but it would be interesting to see if someone will make a case for the other half . - - marion kee marion kee | all opinions are my own ; knowledge engineer , center for machine translation | when cmu wants my opinions carnegie mellon university pittsburgh , pa , usa | it pays for them .
  """",0
  1312,""""Subject: autoantonyms
   
   a book that is """""""" in print """""""" when it is said that such-and - such author has x hundred thousand books """""""" in print """""""" can actually be out of print from the standpoint of the potential purchaser of that book . frank y . gladney .
  """",0
  1313,""""Subject: re : 6 . 381 words that are their own opposites
   
   in the hebrew bible , the verb berek usually means """""""" to bless """""""" . however , in the first chapter of the book of job , the same word is generally believed to mean """""""" to curse """""""" . a similar contrast is found in later midrashic and talmudic literature . arian . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = + = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = dr arian j . c . verheij | email arian @ th . vu . nl vu , dpt . computer science & biblical studies | phone + 31 20 444 6625 / 7 de boelelaan 1105 , nl 1081 hv amsterdam | fax + 31 20 444 6635
  """",0
  1314,""""Subject: words that are their own opposites
   
   st isidore of seville may well be the source of """""""" lucus a non lucendo , """""""" as paul werth suggests . however , it 's no accident that benji wald attributed this ' etymology ' to varro ( 116-27 b . c . e . ) , as the latter is responsible for such etymological gems as vallum . . . quod ea varicare nemo posset """""""" _ vallum _ ' camp wall ' because no one could _ varicare _ 's traddle over it ' """""""" ( _ de lingua latina _ : v , 117 ) and qua vix agi potest , hinc angiportum ; qua nil potest agi , hinc angulus """""""" where it is hardly possible for anything _ agi _ ' to be driven , ' from this it is called an _ angiportum _ ' alley ' ; where nothing can _ agi _ ' be driven , ' from this it is an _ angulus _ ' corner ' """""""" ( ibid . : vi , 41 ) . a footnote in the loeb edition of _ de lingua latina _ refers to this as """""""" derivation by the contrary meaning , """""""" and cites another example : ludus , in quo minime luditur """""""" school , in which there is very little playing """""""" ( festus , 122 . 16m ) . karen baumer yale university
  """",0
  1315,""""Subject: re : words that are their own opposites
   
   in february , anna morpurgo davies ( morpurgo @ vax . ox . ac . uk ) mentioned lepschy and gave 3 references ; i wish to mention one further one : lepschy , guilio ( 1982 ) . linguistic historiography . in david crystal ( ed . ) linguistic controversies : essays in linguistic theory and practice in honour of f . r . palmer . london : edwards arnold . in discussing carl abel 's _ gegensinn der urworte _ ( 1884 ) and related work lepschy writes : """""""" his [ i . e . , abel 's ] theory on the importance and interest of words with opposite meanings ( which were , he suggested , particularly frequent in the early stages of languages ) finds its place in a long tradition of studies , from the stoic 's grammar and the etymologies _ e contrario _ [ . . . ] , to the chapter in arab linguistic tradition devoted to the [ . . . ] contraries , or words of opposite meanings [ . . . ] to the medieval jewish grammarians ' discussions on parallel phenomena in hebrew [ . . . ] to christian biblical scholars who at least since the 17th century examine cases of ' enantiosemy ' in the sacred , classical , and modern languages , commenting on words like hebrew _ berekh _ ' he blessed ' and ' he cursed ' , greek _ argo 's _ 's wift ' and 's low ' , latin _ altus _ ' high ' and 'd eep ' [ . . . ] nearer to abel , in the first part of the 19th century , we find the german romantics meditating on opposite meanings [ . . . ] and it is impossible not to remember hegel 's comments on a key term in his logic , _ aufheben _ , which means both ' to eliminate ' and ' to preserve ' , illustrating a coexistence in language of opposite meanings which has great speculative import . """""""" lepschy also writes that abel 's ideas """""""" were taken seriously by people of the calibre of pott , steinthal , and schuchardt """""""" , and that freud repeatedly quoted abel 's work , viewing it """""""" as a linguistic confirmation """""""" of his own theory that """""""" for the unconscious , opposites are equivalent to each other . """""""" ( pp . 28-29 ) surprisingly broad historically , i thought . in this chapter lepschy bemoans the more general lack of a comprehensive historiography of linguistics . - jane edwards ( edwards @ cogsci . berkeley . edu )
  """",0
  1316,""""Subject: temp position in syntax
   
   the program in linguistics , institute of linguistics and asian and slavic languages and literatures ( ilasll ) , at the university of minnesota invites applications for a full-time temporary ( non-tenure track ) position for a specialist in syntactic theory ( any leading framework ) at the assistant professor level for the 1995-96 academic year . the teaching load will be five courses over three quarters , beginning 16 september 1995 . specific teaching responsibilities include a two-quarter introductory sequence in syntax ; an undergraduate introduction to linguistics ; one graduate seminar in syntax on a topic of choice ; and a second graduate course in an area of choice ( morphological or phonological theory , semantics / pragmatics , or historical linguistics being preferred ) . other responsibilities include maintaining research activities , advising of graduate students , and service on departmental committees . essential qualifications include the ph . d . in linguistics and university-level teaching experience ; applicants with scholarly publications and presentations are preferred . the linguistics program at the twin cities campus of the university of minnesota offers the b . a . , m . a . , and ph . d . degrees in linguistics and maintains strong ties to graduate programs and research centers in cognitive science , communication disorders , and language acquisition . applicants should send a resume , a letter of application describing current research and teaching interests , and three letters of reference to : chair , linguistics search committee program in linguistics , ilasll 192 klaeber court university of minnesota 320 - 16th avenue se minneapolis , mn 55455 all materials must be received by 14 april 1995 . further information can be obtained by letter to the above address or e-mail directed to bdowning @ maroon . tc . umn . edu . the university of minnesota is committed to the policy that all persons shall have equal access to its programs , facilities , and employment without regard to race , color , creed , religion , national origin , sex , age , marital status , disability , public assistance status , veteran status , or sexual orientation .
  """",0
  1317,""""Subject: l2 theory job ad
   
   the linguistics program at the university of utah invites applications for a non-tenure track position for the 1995-96 academic year . a . b . d . minimum required . duties include teaching a total of six courses ( two in each of three quarters ) : one in second language acquisition theory , and others in area of specialization , preferably psycholinguistics and / or phonology . we would prefer a candidate with an interest in applied linguistics . salary competitive ; benefits included . ( in 1995-96 , we anticipate recruiting for two full-time tenure-track positions in applied linguistics with interests in either of two areas : ( 1 ) psycholinguistics and / or phonology , and ( 2 ) esl / bilingual education in k-12 . ) the university of utah is an equal opportunity , affirmative action employer and encourages applications from women and minorities and provides reasonable accommodation to the known disabilities of applicants and employees . send vitae , three letters of recommendation , and a cover letter expressing qualifications to marianna di paolo , linguistics program , 2300 lnco , university of utah , salt lake city , ut 84112 . screening will begin on april 24 and will continue until the position is filled .
  """",0
  1318,""""Subject: job : japanese
   
   tohoku university , japan . the international student center invites applications for a zyokyoozyu ( equivalent to associate professor ) who can teach japanese and serve as international student adviser . specialty open , but experience in teaching japanese as a foreign language considered an asset . near - native competency in japanese required . ph . d . holder preferred . send the following documents , enclosed in an envelope with """""""" kyokan koobo """""""" written on it in red , by registered mail to : ryugakusei - ka , syomu - bu , tohoku daigaku 2 - 1 - 1 katahira , aoba - ku , sendai - shi , 980-77 japan . 1 ) a vita ( in japanese or english ) 2 ) a proof of the highest academic degree obtained 3 ) 2 letters of recommendation ( in japanese or english ) 4 ) a list of publications and conference presentations ( in japanese or english ) 5 ) 5 major scholarly publications ( photocopies or offprints acceptable ) , each accompanied by a summary of approx . 200 japanese character length ( or its equivalent in english ) 6 ) a list of teaching experience , if any ( in japanese or english ) 7 ) an essay in japanese , approx . 2000 character length , stating your interest in teaching international students , on the basis of your own cross-cultural experience the closing date for the application will be june 15 , 1995 . the appointment is to begin on october 1 , 1995 . should you have any questions , please contact professor shigeru sato ( satos @ intcul . tohoku . ac . jp ) .
  """",0
  1319,""""Subject: 
   
   journal of japanese linguistics - - yasuaki abe & yoko sugioka , editors table of contents , vol . 15 ( 1993 ) , - - published january , 1995 lexical and productive causatives in japanese : an examination of the theory of paradigmatic structure s . - y . kuroda , university of california , san diego nonsubject honorification : a pragmatic analysis shoko hamano , george washington university the generalized transformation analysis of relative clauses and island effects in japanese keiko murasugi , kinjo gakuin university notes on control constructions in japanese naoko nemoto , binghamton university extraction of doo and its implications hiroyuki ura , mit orders and inquiries to : jjl , nanzan university , 18 yamazatocho , showaku , nagoya 466 japan , email : jjl @ ic . nanzan-u . ac . jp , fax : japan 052-832 - 5490 ( info also available from the linguist archive and at the www page , http : / / condor . stcloud . msus . edu : 20020 / tojpn . html )
  """",0
  1320,""""Subject: 
   
   history of ling formigari , lia and daniele gambarara . historical roots of linguistic theories . john benjamins viii , 309 pp . history of linguistics hb : us : 1 55619 610 5 / eur : 90 272 4561 4 us $ 79 . 00 / hfl . 140 , - - most of the papers collected in this volume concentrate on the history of linguistic ideas in france and italy in the modern period ( from the renaissance to the present day ) . some of them are specifically focused on the links between the two traditions of reflection on language . contributions by : a . d ' atri ; f . aqueci ; s . auroux ; m . - c . capt - artaud ; j . - c . chevalier ; f . crispini ; d . droixhe ; l . formigari ; d . gambarara ; s . gensini ; g . graffi ; f . nef - , a . pennisi ; r . simone ; j . - p . seris ; c . stancati ; s . vecchio . studies in the history of the language sciences , 74 morphology stonham john t . combinatorial morphology . john benjamins xii , 207 pp . morphology hb : us : 1-55619 - 574 - 5 / eur : 90 272 3623 2 us $ 52 . 00 / hfl . 90 , - - this book presents a detailed examination of the most important arguments for a process-based theory of morphology and offers a highly-constrained alternative to the powerful mechanisms proposed in processual theories of morphology . data is presented from dozens of different languages from numerous language families around the worid , much of it new to the linguistic forum . the importance of prosodic morphology in the analysis of linguistic phenomena is highlighted and the need for greater constraints on generative power is examined . this work addresses some of the thorniest problems in morphological theory in a novel alternative fashion , including the issues of ablaut , exchange rules , metathesis , reduplication and subtraction , and presents reanalyses based on moraic morphology and the traditional notion of ' combination ' of morphemes along with the underlying theme of constraining the grammar of natural language to the utmost . current issues in linguistic theory , 120 pidgins & creoles arends , jacques , pieter muysken and norval smith ( eds . ) pidgins and creoles . an introduction . john benjamins xii , 412 pp pidgins and creoles hb : us : 1 55619 169 3 / eur : 90 272 5236 x us $ 79 . 00 / hfl . 140 , - - pb : us : 1 55619 170 7 / eur : 90 272 5237 8 us $ 29 . 95 / hfl . 60 , - - this new introduction to the linguistic study of pidgin and creole languages is clearly designed as an introductory course book . it does not demand a high level of previous linguistic knowledge . part i : general aspects and part ii : theories of genesis constitute the core for presentation and discussion in the classroom , while part iii : sketches of individual languages ( such as eskimo pidgin , haitian , saramaccan , shaba swahili , fa d ' ambu , papiamentu , sranan , berbice dutch ) and part iv : grammatical features ( such as tma particles and auxiliaries , noun phrases , reflexives , serial verbs , fronting ) can form the basis for further exploration . a concluding chapter draws together the different strands of argumentation , and the annotated list provides the background information on several hundred pidgins , creoles and mixed languages . creole language library , 15 ling theory simone , raffaele ( third university of rome ) ( ed . ) . iconicity in language john benjamins xii , 318 pp . ling theory hb : us : 1 55619 564 8 / eur : 90 272 3613 5 us $ 85 . 00 / hfl . 160 , - - one of the basic assumptions of semiotically biased linguistic approaches is that language structure includes some non-arbitrary aspects , from the phonological through the textual level , and a great amount of research has occurred in the last decade regarding the """""""" iconic aspects """""""" of language ( s ) . this volume focuses on generally neglected dimensions of language and semiotic activity , featuring contributions by philosophers , linguists , semioticians , and psychologists . specifically discussed are numeration systems , the gestural systems of communication among deaf people , the genesis of writing in children . and inter-ethnic communication . contributions by : stefano gensini ; wolfgang u . dressler ; rudolf engler ; t . givsn ; roberto ajello ; raimo anttila ; sheila embleton ; anna giacalone ramat ; hansjakob seiler ; raffaele simone ; franca orletti ; monica berretta ; elena pizzuto , serena corazza , emanuela cameracanna and virginia volterra ; isabella poggi and virginia volterra ; clotilde pontecorvo . current issues in linguistic theory , 110 egli , u . , p . pause , chr . schwarze , a . von stechow and g . wienold ( univ . of konstanz and t | bingen / dokkyo univ . ( japan ) ) ( eds . ) . lexical knowledge in the organization of language john benjamins xiv , 357 pp . + index ling theory hb : us : 1 55619 568 0 / eur : 90 272 3617 8 us $ 89 . 00 / hfl . 160 , - - this book contains a selection of the papers given at an international conference at the university of konstanz ( germany ) in 1991 . all contributions relate to the assumption that lexical knowledge plays a central role in the organization of language , inasmuch as the components or modules of grammar come together and interact in the lexicon . contributions by : mark c . baker ; gereon m | ller and wolfgang sternefeld ; arnim von stechow ; urs egli and klaus von heusinger ; reinhard muskens ; aarne ranta ; bruce mayo ; peter pause , achim botz and markus egg ; christoph schwarze and marie - theres schepping ; gvtz wienoid ; tatsuo miyajima . current issues in linguistic theory , 114 bok-bennema , reineke and crit cremers . linguistics in the netherlands 1994 john benjamins x , 266 pp . ling theory pb : us : 1 56619 218 5 / eur : 90 272 3154 0 us $ 48 . 00 / hfl . 80 , - - this volume contains a selection of papers presented at the twenty-fifth annual meeting of the linguistic society of the netherlands , held in utrecht on january 22 , 1994 . the aim of the annual meeting is to provide members of the society with an opportunity to report on their work in progress . at this year 's meeting 73 papers were presented . the 23 papers in this volume present an overview of research in different fields of linguistics in the netherlands , such as phonetics , phonology , morphology , syntax and semantics and language acquisition . avt publications , 11
  """",0
  1321,""""Subject: summary : whatever happened to 'd ?
   
   a few weeks ago i posted a query to the list regarding the disappearance of had or its contracted form ' d , in such expressions as she better stop , which appeared in a recent academic publication . i questioned people 's attitudes towards the standardisation of this new form ( better ) , the subsequent status of the bare infinitive ( stop ) , the possibility of its association with the extraposed construction it is better that she stop , ( implying a subjunctive analysis of stop ) and the likelihood of substituting another adjective ( e . g . good ) in place of better has a result of this . i also questioned the possibility of inverting better with the subject in interrogatives , given the analysis of it as an auxiliary form . i received 26 replies , and i would like to thank the following people who sent their comments , and anyone who is yet to do so : tamara al - kasey ; eleanor olds batchelder ; jonathon berg ; claudia brugman ; marsha bundman ; ellen contini - morava ; max copperman ; john cowan ( logical language group ) david fertig ; frederik fouvry ; dorine houston ; marge jackman ; roger lass ; deborah d . kela ruuskanen ; james kirchner ; timothy miller ; catherine rudin ; raphael salkie ; alena sanusi ; hal schiffman ; jane simpson ; dan slobin ; frits stuurman ; larry trask ; ivan uemlianen ; max wheeler . of 18 replies to the question of standardisation , 9 replied that it was not to be considered standard , 9 thought that it was either normal , informal or ok , and 8 did not consider this question . nobody liked the analysis of stop as a subjunctive , 2 people considering that the extraposed derivation sounded educated or stilted . one reply considered that stop was an imperative form . four people replied that better was an auxiliary , 7 thought it was a modal or semi-modal , and 2 thought that the construction was simply idiomatic . john cowan made mention of the use of better in yiddish - influenced american english as a sentence prefix : ' better she should n't go ' . with regard to its inversion in interrogatives , 9 people considered sai was not ok , one person thought it ok to invert in tags , and only one person thought main clause sai sounded ok . i also want to thank frederik fouvry for his reference : """""""" information based syntax and semantics """""""" ( hpsg vol . 1 , pollard & sag , 1987 ) in which better is analysed as an auxiliary that does n't allow inversion ; and frits stuurman for his references and comments : in g . gazdar , g . pullum , & i . sag ( 1982 ) """""""" auxiliaries and related phenomena in a restricted theory of phrase structure """""""" _ language _ 59 , 3 : 591-638 , pp . 610-611 , there is a reference to aren ' t as a similar case ( aren ' t i vs . i aren ' t ) ; and in gazdar , e . klein , pullum & sag ( 1985 ) _ generalized phrase structure grammar _ ( cambridge , mass . : harvard up ) , p . 64 , and gazdar , pullum & sag ( 1982 ) , p . 611 , footnote 17 , there are references to different meanings of modals like shall and might when inverted for interrogatives . frits stuurman also cites a gpsg reference to the use of better in p . sells ( 1985 ) _ lectures on government - binding theory , generalized phrase structure grammar , and lexical - functional grammar _ ( stanford : csli ) , p . 93 . many people found analogies with other modals that do not invert , e . g . claudia brugman mentions the difficulty of inverting ' she has to stop ' ) * ' has she to stop ? ' and gotta is equally impossible to invert . james kirchner also mentions otta as a similar case . tamara al - kasey compares the negative and the affirmative interrogatives : * ' had she better stop ? ' and ' had n't she better stop ? ' suggesting that the latter is more acceptable . other interesting items were : the vp - deletion version , observed by max wheeler ' we better had ' ; and at least 2 people considered that had seems to return only for inversion for interrogatives . generally , the use of inversion of better + subject was considered more common in tags , especially amongst children or teenagers , and jane simpson thinks that the tag bettern ' t you is now appearing in australian english , with or without the preceding ' d . ivan uemlianen ( british speaker from northern england ) claims he had always used the tag ' bettern ' t i ? ' as a child , which had always struck him as not quite right , and had never heard of the had until he heard it being used in old films . dan slobin considers the use of had to be archaic , or from another variety or era , although the inversion ' better she go ? ' does not appear in the speech of american - english preschoolers in their data . one respondent did n't know where the had came from , and another reanalysed it as would , in the same way as it has been reanalysed in conditional protases . another suggestion was that it was analogous to a pluperfect auxiliary without tense . two replied that the expression she better stop was just an example of sloppy editing . there was little discussion of phonological processes , but , in particular , i found interesting the following comments by roger lass : """""""" in my dialect anyhow ( new york city middle class ) , it 's certainly normal to say ( and sometimes , in less formal registers , to write ) , i better , you better , he better , we better , they better . . . observe though : all the pronouns end with a vowel , and there are alternative forms , e . g . i 'd better . . . though these are much less common . there is however another type , which is sometimes taken to be better but is n't : you [ b ] better , where there 's a sort of geminate or at least half-long consonant . the very fact that none of the syntactic things you mark with * or ? seem to occur would be an indication that there has not really been any kind of reanalysis , but rather an institutionalization of a fast-speech deletion and / or assimilation , which is creeping up into slower styles ( as often happens ) . in fact the construction itself is weird anyhow , since you had comparative does n't seem to exist , except in archaisms like ' i 'd liefer do that ' ( i can't use it , but i ' ve heard it ) . note also , it 's just occurred to me , that you do n't get deletion of - 'd in * i rather do that . . . """""""" this last comment i think gives us plenty of scope for more discussion . debbie ziegeler
  """",0
  1322,""""Subject: 8 - bit characters
   
   dear fellow linguists : in the past months i have read several postings to this list using languages other than english ( spanish , german , french , finnish , italian , etc . ) . i consider this situation absolutely delicious , as it adds that international flavour that our discipline is so proud of . as english is not my native tongue , i welcome and exercise my right to use my language in all contexts . however , the notorious difficulty that 8 - bit characters have to travel in the cyberspace has made it really hard to send texts that comply with the spelling conventions of these languages ( basically accented and umlauted vowels , greek letters and certain other symbols ) . this is not a big problem when you are just sending a relatively short e-message to a colleague who speaks the same language ( you just drop the accents and type plain vowels or capitals instead , for enye you type a plain """""""" n """""""" , etc . ) . the real trouble arises when you wish to send a more polished document such as a paper , an abstract , a conference posting , a bibliography , a draft of a thesis to a distant supervisor , etc . in most of these cases the spelling norms * are * crucial . the obvious solution is the coding of 8 - bit characters as sequences of 7 - bit characters . i think that this has become a common practice , but i do n't know whether there is a standard for these conversions . if this coding practice has not yet been the object of standardisation , i venture to propose one below . this proposal refers to the characters available in the extended character set on ibm pc - compatible computers ( i am not familiar with mac , but this could also be used in that system ) . i would like to stress the fact that it is not necessary to type the ( long ) document using the coding system , rather the file must typed as usual , with accented and umlauted vowels as well as the rest of the characters needed in the language , and just after that you make a copy of the file and on that copy you change the 8 - bit characters for 7 - bit sequences according to the table provided . this procedure is * not * manual , for this you use the search-and - replace facility normally available in your word processor or editor ( remember : the dos editor has it ) . this can be done for most languages in ten or fewer passes ( less than one minute , varying with the size of the file ) . it is important to let the recipient know that you have coded the file in this fashion . append a note at the beginnig of the document to that effect , with a suggestion to use the search-and - replace facility to make the reverse changes , as well as the table of changes and samples . feel free to edit ( and / or translate ) what follows if you wish to make the note shorter by including only what is pertinent for a given language . | a . model of a note :
  """",0
  1323,""""Subject: inofficial e-texts
   
   there is a project since 1985 , which intends to collect all works of indo - european languages . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - """""""" thesaurus indogermanischer text - und sprachmaterialien """""""" ( titus ) vorliegende und in bearbeitung befindliche texte ( vorl ufige liste : stand 26 . januar 1995 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a ) alt - , mittel - und neuindisch : a ) vedisch : rgveda - sa ~ hit ~ : eingabe unter der leitung von w . p . lehmann ( austin , texas ) durch h . s . ananthanarayana ( hyderabad ) ; berarbeitungen durch s . d . atkins ( pomona , california ) , g . e . editorial note in order to cut this message short we have made the complete list of electronic texts available at the listserver under the title etexts txt to retrieve it send the message : get etexts txt linguist to listserv @ tamvm1 . tamu . edu ( internet ) or listserv @ tamvm1 ( bitnet ) for more information , please contact : prof . dr . jost gippert , universit t frankfurt , postfach 11 19 32 , d-60054 frankfurt tel . : + 49-69 - 798 8591 oder 3139 ; fax : + 49-69 - 798 2873 ; e-mail : gippert @ em . uni-frankfurt . d400 . de = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = dr . fco . javier mart ! nez garc ! a vergleichende sprachwissenschaft | tel . + 49 - 69 - 798 2847 universit t frankfurt | ( sekr . ) + 49 - 69 - 798 3139 postfach 11 19 32 | fax . + 49 - 69 - 798 2873 d-60054 frankfurt | martinez @ em . uni-frankfurt . d400 . de = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
  """",0
  1324,""""Subject: re : elvis
   
   the associated press news agency recently reported that doctor jukka ammondt and the finnish broadcast corporation choir released a compact disk of songs by elvis presley in latin . the article said that doctor ammondt had also made an earlier cd of tangos , also in latin . since that news article appeared , several persons ( including myself ) have sent messages to the internet latin - l mailing list , and to the internet newsgroup sci . classics , asking to buy one or both of these cd 's . i forwarded some of these messages to doctor ammondt , asking how to get the cd 's . the relevant parts of his reply appear below . rob helm from : jukka ammondt , university of jyvska : la : , finland . . . i have been happily surprised of the interest towards my cd 's and , of course , willing to deliver them to those who are interested in it . the problem is , my producer does n't have connections abroad , and that means that there 's no channels for us to sell the records worldwide - - not yet , anyway . please contact directly my producer ( fax below ) to order the cd 's by post . by the way , i would be extremely happy if you could give me information about someone who could organize selling of the records . i do n't know whom to contact in this business . . . the fax of my producer : stop records , finland . 358-41 - 666773 . . . information about the cd 's is : 1 ) doctor ammondt , tango triste finnicum , 1993 . contains six ( 6 ) finnish traditional tangos in latin . 2 ) doctor ammondt , the legend lives forever in latin , 1995 . contains seven ( 7 ) songs in latin , six of them made known by elvis presley and one with lyrics by the singer .
  """",0
  1325,""""Subject: nez perce
   
   does anybody know where i can get ahold of phinney 's ( sp ? ) grammar of nez perce ? i was told that a certain dr . haruo aoki at uc berkeley has written a grammar of the language in which he refers to this work , and i would like to know where i can find it . if you have any information , please address to wied6480 @ varney . idbsu . edu . jack wiedrick
  """",0
  1326,""""Subject: any sumerologists out there ?
   
   are there any sumerologists out there who would be willing to answer a few factual questions about sumerian ? alexis mr
  """",0
  1327,""""Subject: + 0100
   
   kulbrandstad ) a colleague who does not yet have access to the net , has asked me to post this query : the word leisure in american english may rhyme with seizure or pleasure . can anyone answer the following : 1 . which pronuniciation is more common - / e / or / i / ? 2 . does the individual 's choice reflect regional patterns , social class , or some other factor ? i would also like to ask the same questions about the presence or absence of / l / in ga : calm , palm , psalm , almond etc . thanks in advance . lars anders kulbrandstad hedmark college , norway lak @ hamarlh . no
  """",0
  1328,""""Subject: currency names
   
   does anybody know the etymology of the following currency names : rial ( iran , oman , north yemen ) riyal ( saudi arabia , quatar ) riel ( cambodia ) real ( brazil ) and maybe other similar names beginning with ri / re end ending with l ? would it be possible that those names are of the same ( ie . ) origin , originally refering to kingdom e . t . c . ( cf . regal ) ? ( what about the russian _ rubel _ , and the _ rupee _ in india e . t . c . ? ) it would , in fact , not have to be that strange to have a currency name of the same origin in countries as far away from each other as brazil and cambodia , as currency names do not seem to follow any """""""" national """""""" rules . cf . the name _ dollar _ ( in use in almost 60 countries ( comes originally from the german _ thaler _ , but has supposedly spread out under the influence of usd ) ) , and the many variations of the word """""""" crown """""""" ( icelandic kr / ona , danish krone , estonian kroon , czechish korun e . t . c ) , and _ dinar _ in various ( arabic ) countries . thanks , veturlidi oskarsson icelandic language institute reykjavmk , iceland e-mail : veturosk @ ismal . hi . is
  """",0
  1329,""""Subject: qs : gogo - speaker
   
   i ' m trying to work on the non-segmental phonology of gogo ( g11 ) for my phd . the little data i collected until now is far from giving a clear picture of tone / accent in nouns . hence my beg for help . is anyone of you a or does anyone of you know a native speaker of this language and is / who is willing to provide me with some additional data ? ralf grosserhode
  """",0
  1330,""""Subject: q : wordnet in spanish ?
   
   hello , does anybody know if there is something like wordnet for spanish ? pablo accuosto accuosto @ fing . edu . uy
  """",0
  1331,""""Subject: summary : elvis in latin
   
   content - length : 4142 on march 3 , 1995 , i posted a query regarding a cd of elvis presley songs in latin . i am now in receipt of the cd , which the record company , viihdesallap / stop records of jyva """""""" skyla """""""" , finland , was kind enough to send me simply in response to the query i posted on this list . before describing the cd , i would like to cite the following message i received from hannele dufva of the language centre for finnish universities of the university of jyva """""""" skyla """""""" : ) dear professor toops , ) the legend lives forever in latin is recorded by doctor ammondt alias ) associate professor jukka ammondt working at the dept . of literature , ) university of jyva """""""" skyla """""""" , finland . the cd is produced by stop records ) ( sr-103 ) ( tel : + 358-41 - 66771 ; fax : + 358-41 - 773 ) but i called jukka and he ) told me that a contract with k - tel international is being negotiated and ) that the record will probably be available on american market very soon . ) k - tel international finland ( fax . + 358 - 0-790653 ) will also probably ) answer any inquiries . the lyrics were , by the way , translated into latin ) by teivas oksala , the professor of the latin department , also famous for ) his broadcasts of news in latin . i heard that he is also going to attempt ) at trying his talents as sports commentator in latin ( ! ) at an ice hockey ) match . hope you will be able to get the cd ! please do n't hesitate to ) contact me for further information . ) hannele dufva ) language centre for finnish universities ) university of jyva """""""" skyla """""""" ) p . o . box 35 ) 40351 jyva """""""" skyla """""""" ) dufva @ tukki . jyu . fi ) fax : + 358-41 - 603521 having listened to the cd several times now , i am very favorably im - pressed both by the quality of the lyrics and by the quality of the instrumentation . most north american instructors of latin , i believe , will be pleased to learn that the pronunciation used by the vocalist , dr . ( jukka ) ammondt , is virtually identical to the reconstructed """""""" classic """""""" pronunciation taught in north american schools and not that of church latin . / c / and / g / are regularly pronounced as velars and are not palatalized or """""""" softened """""""" to - ch - and - dzh - before front vowels as they are in ( italian ) church latin . practically the only deviation from north american classroom pronunciation is the monoph - thongization of - ae - and - oe - , which ammondt pronounces as long / e : / ( or even / a """""""" / ) , rather than as / ai / and / oi / , resp . v - is regularly pronounced as a bilabial glide / w / , although at times it approaches a bilabial fricative in ammond 's pronounciation ; the same holds true of the glide element in - qu . ammondt occasionally produces a slightly retroflex-sounding / s / , but , in any case , it is never voiced to / z / even intervocalically . i was able to discern only one instance of finnish interference in ammondt 's pronunciation : in one song , one occurrence of the word """""""" dic """""""" is clearly mispronounced / tik / . the cd contains 7 tracks totaling 21 mins . 46 secs . : i . surrender / nunc aeternitatis ii . it 's now or never / nunc hic aut numquam iii . can't help falling in love / non adamare non possum iv . it 's impossible / impossibile v . wooden heart / cor ligneum vi . love me tender / tenere me ama vii . the wings of dream / alae somnii the last track ( vii . , above ) is sung mostly in strongly accented english . it might have been better to keep the lyrics all in latin . i was not provided with information of forms of payment the recording company in jyva """""""" skyla """""""" , finland , is able to accept . i would assume that a mere credit card number ( e . g . , visa , mastercard ) would suffice to purchase one of these cds , the price of which , according to the customs label on the envelope in which mine was mailed , is 90 finnish markka . again , to order cd # sr-103 , write , call , or fax : viihdesallap , ltd . / stop records p . o . box 252 sf-40101 jyva """""""" skyla """""""" finland ph : + 358 41-666 - 771 fx : + 358 41-666 - 773 gary h . toops toops @ twsuvm . uc . twsu . edu associate professor ph : ( 316 ) 689-3180 wichita state university fx : ( 316 ) 689-3293 wichita , kansas 67260-0011 usa
  """",0
  1332,""""Subject: 
   
   history of ling the magic of a common language : jakobson , mathesius , trubetzkoy , and the prague linguistic circle by jindrich toman current studies in linguistics series # 26 , the mit press $ 40 hardcover available from the mit press 800 . 356 . 0343 or < mitpress-orders @ mit . edu > social and cultural environment , historical factors , and tenets of the prague linguistics circle . available for discussion ling semiotics tobin , yishai . invariance , markedness and distinctive feature analysis . a contrastive study of sign systems in english and hebrew john benjamins xii , 402 pp . contrastive analysis hb : us : 1 55619 565 6 / eur : 90 272 3614 3 us $ 100 . 00 / hfl . 180 , - - this volume provides a new kind of contrastive analysis of two unrelated languages english and hebrew based on the semiotic concepts of invariance , markedness and distinctive feature theory . it concentrates on linguistic forms and constructions which are remarkably different in each language despite the fact that they share the same familiar classifications and labels . tobin demonstrates how and why traditional and modern syntactic categories such as grammatical number ; verb tense , aspect , mood and voice ; conditionals and interrogatives ; etc . , are not equivalent across languages . it is argued that these so-called universal concepts function differently in each language system because they belong to distinct language-specific semantic domains which are marked by different sets of semantic features . current issues in linguistic theory , iii socioling lippi-green , rosina ( university of michigan , ann arbor ) . language ideology and language change in early modern german . a sociolinguistic study of the consonantal system of nuremberg john benjamins xiv , 150 pp . sociolinguistics hb : us : 1 55619 573 7 / eur : 90 272 3622 4 us $ 48 . 00 / hfl . 85 , - - this quantitative study , based on a computerized corpus of texts written by five men in early 16th - century nuremberg , employs multivariate glm statistical procedures to analyze the way linguistic , social and stylistic factors work individually and in interaction to influence variation observed in the texts . the study provides evidence that consonantal variation in early modern written texts is not random . of particular importance is the quantification of an individual 's relationship to an emerging ideology of language standardization , and the way that relationship interacts with written language variation . current issues in linguistic theory , 119 .
  """",0
  1333,""""Subject: obituary : jochem schindler
   
   this is to inform you of the untimely death of jochem schindler , prof . of indoeuropean linguistics at vienna univ . from 1987 , prof . of linguistics at harvard univ . from 1978 till 1987 , who passed away on dec . 24th 1994 . ursula doleschal & sergej krylov institut f . slawische sprachen wirtschaftsuniv . wien augasse 9 , 1090 wien tel . : + + 43 - 1-31336 4115 fax : + + 43 - 1-31336 744
  """",0
  1334,""""Subject: sum : singapore english
   
   content - length : 4261 a couple of weeks ago , i asked the following question : ) many people would not regard s ' pore english as a """""""" native """""""" english . ) however , there are many speakers here who grew up speaking ) english , ) ie acquiring english as their first language ; though certainly it may be a ) somewhat different variety from the english spoken in britain or ) america . ) in this respect , what is the currently accepted way of classifying ) singapore english ? in particular , is it possible to say that it is not a ) native language given that some people have it as their first ) language ? three respondants believed that singapore english should be regarded as """""""" native """""""" if it is the first language learned ; while three others suggested """""""" native """""""" has other connotations or suggested other terms for the english of singapore . thus anthea fraser gupta said : i strongly feel that the term """""""" native language """""""" should be used to refer to the language ( s ) an individual first learns , and that any other definition , based on race , on ancestral language use , or geographical origin , is untenable . debbie ziegeler agreed with this view : most people i believe would classify a first language as a native language ( = mother tongue ) , and i think this is what anthea gupta had in mind when she said that english in singapore now has native speakers , and that approximately 20 % of singapore 's incoming schoolchildren have english as a native language and ms . faridah hudson said : i believe that any language that is learned by a child as its first language should be considered as the native language . granted that singapore english is not as well studied as british or american english , it is still a form of english . on the other hand , wen - chao li claims suggests that """""""" native """""""" does not just refer to the linguistic experience of the individual : i think the word """""""" native """""""" here refers not to whether or not people speak the variety as a native language , but is just a convenient label used to distinguish the english of britain and the us , where the language originated ( """""""" native """""""" in this sense ) , from the english of places like singapore , india , and many countries in africa , where although english is widely spoken as a native language , it is a language that had transplanted another in the last 200 years , a language that was introduced rather than one that 's been culturally and historically """""""" native """""""" . mario cal varela suggested the use of the term """""""" localized forms of english """""""" for new varieties such as that of singapore : the expression """""""" localized forms of english """""""" is often used . . . to refer to varieties of english that have developed peculiar characteristics ( nativized features ) because of being used in cultural settings different from the so-called native englishes . and rodrik wade prefers """""""" new englishes """""""" : a term that was popularised , if not introduced by platt , weber and ho ( 1984 ) for se and other similar varieties of english is ' new englishes ' . i have used this term when writing about south african black english although as yet this variety has few l1 speakers . i would like to thank all these respondants , as well as alan firth and benny lee for their useful references and umberto for his questions about the pronunciation involved . special thanks to my mentor david deterding for introducing me to the list and for helping me out with this summary . kia - sheng chew national technological university singapore 91a26936217f @ nievax . nie . ac . sg
  """",0
  1335,""""Subject: humanities computing position at ceth
   
   the center for electronic texts in the humanities ( ceth ) is seeking a humanities computing specialist . please see the position description below . susan hockey director , center for electronic texts in the humanities humanities computing specialist center for electronic texts in the humanities responsibilities : develops and maintains information services for center , including world wide web server , newsletter , and planned series of guides to electronic text resources and applications . provides research support for humanities computing and electronic texts on a national basis . gives presentations and seminars on electronic texts in the humanities . coordinates electronic text center at rutgers university including supervision of student assistants . assists participants at ceth summer seminar . qualifications : strong background in the humanities with phd preferred . experience with computer applications in humanities research required , with at least two years preferred . reading knowledge of some foreign languages preferred . knowledge of tei sgml and experience with internet , pcs ( dos and windows ) , macintosh and unix preferred . good oral and written communication skills required . salary : negotiable , dependent upon experience and qualifications , for a grant funded appointment equivalent to assistant professor rank ; possibility of renewal . status / benefits : faculty status , non-tenure track , calendar year appointment , tiaa / cref pension , life / health insurance , prescription drug , dental and eyeglass plans , tuition remission , one month vacation . center profile : the center for electronic texts in the humanities ( ceth ) is sponsored jointly by rutgers , the state university of new jersey and princeton university . the center 's administrative headquarters are located in the archibald stevens alexander library , the main humanities and social sciences research library of rutgers on the college avenue campus in new brunswick , new jersey . ceth acts as a national focus for the creation , dissemination and use of electronic texts in the humanities with emphasis on scholarly applications and primary source materials . ceth 's activities include an inventory of electronic texts in the humanities , research into methods of providing internet access to collections of sgml - encoded material in the humanities , an international summer seminar on methods and tools for electronic texts in the humanities and general information services for humanities computing . ceth is also developing associated projects in partnership with other institutions and research groups . a consortium of member institutions is planned to start in july 1995 . ceth is supported in part by the national endowment for the humanities and the andrew w . mellon foundation . to apply : resumes received no later than april 10 , 1995 will receive first consideration . submit resume , cover letter , and names of three referees to : sandra troy ( app . 112 ) libraries personnel officer rutgers university libraries 169 college avenue new brunswick , nj 08903 fax # 908-932 - 7637 rutgers , the state university of new jersey upholds a commitment to affirmative action and equal opportunity .
  """",0
  1336,""""Subject: position available
   
   positions available for computational linguists at least one position is available for computational linguists on a machine translation project . the positions will be located either at simon fraser university in vancouver , british columbia or at tcc communications corporation in victoria , british columbia . in either case , the positions will involve close interaction between the natural language laboratory at sfu and tcc . tenure is for 1 year and is renewable subject to funding . salary is commensurate with experience . closing date for receipt of applications is april 18 , 1995 applicants are sought with the following skills : * knowledge of parsing and / or generation theory * experience with machine translation technology * experience with unification-based grammar formalisms * at least a masters degree in linguistics or computing science is required * native knowledge of spanish an asset inquiries can be made to : paul mcfetridge mcfet @ cs . sfu . ca applications with names and contact addresses of at least three people for letters of reference should be sent to : mr . john grayson tcc communications corporation box 2400 , sidney , british columbia , canada v8l 3y3 phone : 604-655 - 2060 fax : 604-656 - 9942
  """",0
  1337,""""Subject: teaching job of french and german in korea
   
   french and french teacher in korea ; the language research center of chonnam national university is looking for one german and one french instructor . we require the teacher to hold ph . d . or ma in tesl / tefl , language acquisition , curriculum and materials development , bilingual education , call , or related fields , and preferably a native speaker of french and german who are fluent in english . we require the teachers to : 1 . teach 630 hours a year ( 3 hours a day , 15 hours a week ) 2 . carry out research and publish one evaluated paper a year 3 . develop teaching materials 4 . attend one / two teachers ' meeting and have one / two office hours each week 5 . participate program administration we provide the teachers with : 1 . housing on or off campus ( sometimes shared ) 2 . yearly payment of 15 , 600 , 000 won ( us $ 19 , 000 ) 3 . 24 , 000 won ( us $ 30 ) for one additional teaching hour over requirement 4 . health insurance for about 20 , 000 won ( us $ 25 ) per month 5 . travel allowance of 400 , 000 won ( us $ 500 ) on first arrival 6 . travel allowance for presenting papers at academic conventions 7 . under current korean national tax laws , teachers from some countries are not required to pay income tax for two years . 8 . assistant professorship and additional monthly payment of $ 125 to those who have doctoral degrees in language acquisition and two year teaching experience we require the following documents : 1 . curriculum vitae with a copy of recent picture 2 . a copy of diploma for m . a . degree in esl / efl 3 . two letters of recommendation applications are accepted on an on-going basis . contract may begin at any sessions and are usually signed for one year . please send or fax a detailed curriculum vitae , a copy of all diplomas , a copy of graduate transcripts and two letters of recommendation to : gyonggu shin , ph . d . , director language research center chonnam national university kwangju 500-757 , korea phone : 82-62 - 520-7920 fax : 82-62 - 526-5521 email : gshin @ rs6 . chonnam . ac . kr
  """",0
  1338,""""Subject: sum : reference
   
   here is the reference i posted a request for : shaywitz , shaywitz , pugh , et al . , """""""" sex differences in the functional organization of the brain for language , """""""" nature 373 ( feb . l6 , l995 ) , 607 - 9 . several people answered my request , with most complete information coming from laura l . koenig ( koenig @ lenny . haskins . yale . edu ) , and alice faber ( faber @ haskins . yale . edu > , who included an e-mail address for one of the authors , ken pugh ( pugh @ haskins . yale . edu ) . wayne cowart notes that ken pugh is the cognitive psychologist who actually designed the experiment . two people mentioned that the results should be taken with caution , and one said there is an editorial on doubtful aspects of the findings , in the same issue of nature . many thanx to all who answered . becky moreton
  """",0
  1339,""""Subject: - 0500 ( est )
   
   ( sstraigh @ bingsuns . cc . binghamton . edu ) on sun , 26 mar 1995 , the linguist list said : ) subject : 6 . 435 sum : whatever happened to had / ' d ? ) date : fri , 24 mar 1995 15 : 16 : 32 gmt + 1000 ) from : dziegele @ arts . cc . monash . edu . au ) subject : summary : whatever happened to 'd ? . . . ) many people found analogies with other modals that do not invert , e . g . ) claudia brugman mentions the difficulty of inverting ' she has to stop ' ) ) * ' has she to stop ? ' and gotta is equally impossible to invert . james ) kirchner also mentions otta as a similar case . tamara al - kasey compares ) the negative and the affirmative interrogatives : * ' had she better stop ? ' ) and ' had n't she better stop ? ' suggesting that the latter is more ) acceptable . for me , both of the interrogative forms are fine , though the latter is surely more frequent for discourse reasons . moreover , the parallel between better and otta strikes me as very great : 1 . we all { better / otta } stick to our knitting . 2 . had ( n't ) we all { b / o } stick to our knitting ? 3 . most of them { b / o } be leaving now to catch the bus . 4 . had ( n't ) most of them { b / o } be leaving now ? 5 . do ( n't ) you think our noisy friends { b / o } { shut up / be quiet } ? all of these examples cast doubt on the applicability of roger lass 's comments to my own usage : ) """""""" in my dialect anyhow ( new york city middle class ) , it 's certainly ) normal to say ( and sometimes , in less formal registers , to write ) , ) ) i better , you better , he better , we better , they better . . . ) ) observe though : all the pronouns end with a vowel , and there are ) alternative forms , e . g . i 'd better . . . though these are much less ) common . h . stephen straight , binghamton university ( suny )
  """",0
  1340,""""Subject: summer school courses in japanese
   
   content - length : 1083 i am an undergraduate major in linguistics and will be going to japan to teach english next fall . i would like to inquire about summer school courses in japanese that stress communicative competence at the beginning level , preferrably on the east coast . are there any , and what are the specifics ? thank you in advance . robert ball jball @ pomona . edu
  """",0
  1341,""""Subject: [ n + v ] verbal compounding
   
   content - length : 2725 we are two researchers at the universitat de girona ( sp ) and we are working on a kind of catalan verbal compounding . we sumarize the characteristics of these compounds here below . we are interested in other vo languales with the same ( or similar ) process of verb formation . moreover , we wonder if anybody knows references related , in some way , to our subject that could be helpful to us ( we already know rosen , s . t . ( 1989 ) , miller ( 1993 ) ) . [ n + v ] verbal compounding to be more clear we enumerate the relevant characteristics of our compounds . 1 . first of all , we must say that catalan is a vo language . 2 . our compounding looks like a process of noun incorporation where the incorporated noun within the lexical item is the internal argument in the syntactic structure . observe ( 1 ) ( 1 ) a . el cacador trenca la cama de l ' ocell """""""" the hunter breaks the leg of the bird """""""" b . el cacador camatrenca l ' ocell """""""" the hunter leg + breaks the bird """""""" 3 . nevertheless , the noun-incorporation does n't affect to the capacity of the verb of assigning acusative case , this is , the complex verb remains transitive . 4 . generally , this kind of """""""" noun-incorporation """""""" is only possible when the noun incorporated is an inalienable possession noun ( ipn ) and the new internal argument of the complex verb is the possessor . observe ( 2 ) and ( 3 ) : ( 2 ) a . corferir """""""" to heart + hurt """""""" b . colltorcer """""""" to neck + twist """""""" ( 3 ) a . * cadiratrencar """""""" to chair + break """""""" b . * ferrotorcer """""""" to iron + twist """""""" 5 . we hypothesise that the ipn acts as a kind of modifier in the complex verbal form and doestn ' t act as a verbal argument . olga fullana noell lluisa gracia pl . ferrater mora n . 1 universitat de girona e-17071 girona spain fullana @ skywalker . udg . es gracia @ skywalker . udg . es
  """",0
  1342,""""Subject: query : japanese dialects
   
   content - length : 1148 dear linguist list subscribers , i need information of any kind regarding ' innovative ' and ' conservative ' dialects and / or variations in japanese . unfortunately , i must ask that any data sent be in english ; i am fully aware of how much of a limitation this creates . thank you in advance for your cooperation and consideration . please reply directly to me at : ganelin @ netcom . com david ganelin
  """",0
  1343,""""Subject: aum shinri kyo
   
   content - length : 1513 what is aum ? the japanese police are currently investigating a religious sect called """""""" aum shinri kyo """""""" in relation to last week 's gas attack on the tokyo subway . aum shinri kyo has been translated as """""""" sublime truth """""""" in the press . with my limited knowledge of japanese , i know that shinri can be glossed as ' truth ' and kyo is a sino - japanese morpheme found at the end of the names of many if not most religions . aum , however , is a bit of a puzzler . japanese phonology only allows syllable-final [ m ] as an allophone of / n / before labial consonants , which is not the case here . does anyone know what this aum means , where it comes from , and if it is pronounced with a final [ m ] by speakers of japanese ? david p . baxter urbana , illinois dbaxter @ uxa . cso . uiuc . edu
  """",0
  1344,""""Subject: call for papers
   
   content - length : 2908 call for papers for the fourth international conference on the cognitive science of natural language processing dublin city university , 5 - 7 july 1995 subject areas : this is a non-exclusive list of subjects which fall within the scope of csnlp . it is intended as a guide only . * corpus - based nlp * connectionist nlp * statistical and knowledge-based mt * linguistic knowledge representation * cognitive linguistics * declarative approaches to nlp * nlg and nlu * dialogue and discourse * human language processing * text linguistics * evaluation of nlp * hybrid approaches to nlp submissions may deal with theoretical issues , applications , databases or other aspects of csnlp , but the importance of cognitive aspects should be borne in mind . papers should report original substantive research . theme : the role of syntax there is currently considerable debate regarding the place and importance of syntax in nlp . papers dealing with this matter will be given preference . invited speakers : the following speakers have agreed to give keynote talks : mark steedman , university of pennsylvania alison henry , university of ulster registration and accommodation : the registration fee will be ir # 60 , and will include proceedings , lunches and one evening meal . accommodation can be reserved in the campus residences at dcu . a single room is ir # 16 per night , with full irish breakfast an additional ir # 4 . accommodation will be """""""" first come , first served """""""" : there is a heavy demand for campus rooms in the summer . there are also several hotels and b&b establishments nearby : addresses will be provided on request . to register , contact alex monaghan at the addresses given below . payment in advance is possible but not obligatory . please state gender ( for accommodation purposes ) and any unusual dietary requirements . submission of abstracts : those wishing to present a paper at csnlp should submit a 400 - word abstract to arrive not later than 10 / 4 / 95 . abstracts should give the author 's full name and address , with email address if possible , and should be sent to : csnlp alex monaghan school of computer applications dublin city university dublin 9 ireland email submissions are preferred , plain ascii text please to : - - - - - - - - - alex @ compapp . dcu . ie ( internet ) completed papers should be around 8 pages long , although longer papers will be considered if requested . camera - ready copy must be submitted to arrive in dublin by 19 / 6 / 94 . no particular conference style will be imposed , but papers should be legible ( 12pt laser printed ) and well-structured . deadlines : 10th april - - - submission of 400 - word abstract 1st may - - - notification of acceptance 19th june - - - deadline for receipt of camera-ready paper ( c . 8 pages ) 26th june - - - final date for registration , accommodation , meals etc .
  """",0
  1345,""""Subject: conf : melbourne university postgraduate conference
   
   the university of melbourne department linguistics will be holding its 4th annual postgraduate conference on the 30th of may . abstracts are now being called for , and will be accepted until the 18th of april ; these may be e-mailed to : nsn @ speech . language . unimelb . edu . au ; snail-mailed to : dept . of linguistics , university of melbourne , parkville 3052 , victoria , australia ; faxed to : ( + 61 3 ) 344 7305 . - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * nick nicholas , linguistics , university of melbourne , australia * nsn @ speech . language . unimelb . edu . au & nick _ nicholas @ muwayf . unimelb . edu . au * ( http : / / adhocalypse . arts . unimelb . edu . au / dept / linguistics / nsn / nick . html ) * """""""" eschewing obfuscatory verbosity of locutional rendering , the * circumscriptional appelations are excised . """""""" - - - w . mann & s . thompson , * _ rhetorical structure theory : a theory of text organisation _ , 1987 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  1346,""""Subject: formal grammar
   
   last call for papers formal grammar barcelona august 12-13 , 1995 in conjunction with the european summer school in logic , language and information in 1995 the seventh european summer school in logic , language and information is to be held in barcelona . as on previous occasions this meeting will serve as a forum for areas including computational linguistics , formal linguistics , and the role of logic in grammar formalisms . this year the programme includes a conference on formal grammar open to all participants to present contemporary research in this domain . themes of interest include formal and computational phonology , syntax , semantics and pragmatics ; logical methods in linguistics ; and foundational , methodological and architectural issues in grammar . ten copies of anonymous abstracts of not more than 800 words ( on one two-sided sheet ) should be sent to the address below to arrive not later than april 21st , 1995 . please provide a separate sheet detailing title , author ( s ) and institution ( s ) , and address , e-mail , telephone and fax of one author for communication purposes . indicate on both the abstract and the identification sheet whether you require 20 minutes or 40 minutes for presentation . notification of acceptance will be by may 22nd . final versions of papers are to be received by 7th july for inclusion in a proceedings to be distributed at the time of the summer school . address for correspondence : committee of the esslli conference on formal grammar c / o glyn morrill departament de llenguatges i sistemes informatics facultat d ' informatica de barcelona universitat politecnica de catalunya pau gargallo , 5 08028 barcelona e-mail : morrill @ lsi . upc . es programme committee : elisabet engdahl , ewan klein , glyn morrill , dick oehrle , fernando pereira , carl pollard , richard sproat , susan steele , rich thomason , annie zaenen . for information about the european summer school in logic , language and information ( 14th - 25th august ) contact : esslli95 , gilcub , avda . vallvidrera 25 , 08017 barcelona ; fax + 43 3 2054656 ; e-mail : esslli95 @ gilcub . es * * * * * * * * * * cut here for latex version below * * * * * * * * * * \ documentstyle [ 11pt ] { article } \ pagestyle { empty } \ setlength { \ textwidth } { 6 . 5in } \ setlength { \ oddsidemargin } { 0 . 0in } \ begin { document } \ begin { center } \ rule { 1in } { . 01in } please post \ rule { 1in } { . 01in } \ \ \ medskip { \ large last call for papers } \ \ \ bigskip { \ large \ bf formal grammar } \ \ \ medskip barcelona \ \ august 12-13 , 1995 \ \ in conjunction with the \ \ { \ bf european summer school in logic , language and information } \ end { center } \ medskip \ noindent in 1995 the seventh european summer school in logic , language and information is to be held in barcelona . as on previous occasions this meeting will serve as a forum for areas including computational linguistics , formal linguistics , and the role of logic in grammar formalisms . this year the programme includes a conference on formal grammar open to all participants to present contemporary research in this domain . themes of interest include formal and computational phonology , syntax , semantics and pragmatics ; logical methods in linguistics ; and foundational , methodological and architectural issues in grammar . ten copies of anonymous abstracts of not more than 800 words ( on one two-sided sheet ) should be sent to the address below to arrive not later than april 21st , 1995 . please provide a separate sheet detailing title , author ( s ) and institution ( s ) , and address , e-mail , telephone and fax of one author for communication purposes . indicate on both the abstract and the identification sheet whether you require 20 minutes or 40 minutes for presentation . notification of acceptance will be by may 22nd . final versions of papers are to be received by 7th july for inclusion in a proceedings to be distributed at the time of the summer school . \ medskip \ noindent address for correspondence : \ medskip \ begin { tabular } { l } committee of the esslli conference on formal grammar \ \ c / o glyn morrill \ \ departament de llenguatges i sistemes inform \ ` { a } tics \ \ facultat d ' inform \ ` { a } tica de barcelona \ \ universitat polit \ ` { e } cnica de catalunya \ \ pau gargallo , 5 \ \ 08028 barcelona \ bigskip \ \ e-mail : { \ sf morrill @ lsi . upc . es } \ end { tabular } \ medskip \ noindent programme committee : elisabet engdahl , ewan klein , glyn morrill , dick oehrle , fernando pereira , carl pollard , richard sproat , susan steele , rich thomason , annie zaenen . \ medskip \ noindent for information about the european summer school in logic , language and information ( 14th - 25th august ) contact : esslli95 , gilcub , avda . vallvidrera 25 , 08017 barcelona ; fax + 43 3 2054656 ; e-mail : { \ sf esslli95 @ gilcub . es } \ end { document }
  """",0
  1347,""""Subject: looking for hans - heinrich waengler
   
   dear linguist members , i am interested in comparable x - ray pictures of german and english articulation . ingolf franke zeughausstrasse 31 d-54292 trier germany e-mail : fran2801 @ pcmail . uni-trier . de
  """",0
  1348,""""Subject: re : big vs . large , et al
   
   i would appreciate any thoughts on any differences in meaning between big and large as well as small and little . i am attempting a monosemic approach ( at the insistance of the professor ) which maintains that each word must have one meaning . we tell esl students that they mean the same thing , yet we constantly correct their choices because they do n't use the right one . how can we tell them to use the right one if we can't tell them what the right one is ? any answers or thoughts on the subject would be appreciated . my email address is browndeb @ aol . com , or if you think anyone else would be interested , the multiple recipients address [ linguist @ tamvm1 . tamu . edu ] is good . thanks in advance . deborah brownstein
  """",0
  1349,""""Subject: request for discourse list
   
   dear linguists i 'd like to know if there are any listservs on discourse anlysis text linguistics and pragmatics . thanks gul durmusoglu
  """",0
  1350,""""Subject: discourse colloquium , final program
   
   final announcement of colloquium : discourse : linguistic , computational , and philosophical perspectives session one : friday , march 24 , 1995 , 2pm-4pm """""""" patterns of natural discourse """""""" speaker - wallace chafe , university of california , santa barbara , linguistics . discussants - scott soames , princeton university , philosophy . - lauren resnick , university of pittsburgh , learning research and development center . session chair - sarah grey thomason , university of pittsburgh , linguistics . session two : friday , march 24 , 4 : 30 - 6 : 30pm """""""" the need for plans in natural discourse """""""" speaker - johanna moore , university of pittsburgh , computer science . discussants - daniel everett , university of pittsburgh , linguistics . - julia hirschberg , at&t bell laboratories , computer science . session chair - martha pollack , university of pittsburgh , computer science . * * * * * * * * * * saturday , march 25 , 9-10am - continental breakfast session three : saturday , march 25 , 10am-noon """""""" intonation and information in spoken discourse """""""" speaker - mark steedman , university of pennsylvania , computer science . discussants - ellen prince , university of pennsylvania , linguistics . - nicholas asher , university of texas , philosophy . session chair - gerald massey , university of pittsburgh , center for philosophy of science . session four : saturday , march 25 , 2-4pm """""""" the cognitive bases of functional interaction in discourse """""""" speaker - russell tomlin , university of oregon , linguistics . discussants - candy sidner , lotus development corporation , computer science . - clark glymour , carnegie mellon university , philosophy . session chair - john haugeland , university of pittsburgh , philosophy . session five : saturday , march 25 , 4 : 30 - 6 : 30pm """""""" the structure of discourse """""""" speaker - jerry r . hobbs , sri , computer science discussants - michael rochemont , university of british columbia , linguistics . - peter machamer , university of pittsburgh , history & philosophy of science . session chair - kurt van lehn , university of pittsburgh , psychology . banquet : saturday , march 25 8pm - 9 : 30pm . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * sunday , march 26 , 9-10am - continental breakfast session six : sunday , march 25 , 10am - noon """""""" where lexical semantics and discourse semantics meet """""""" speaker - hans kamp , university of stuttgart , philosophy . discussants - bob carpenter , carnegie mellon university , computational linguistics . - megan moser , university of pittsburgh , linguistics . session chair - wilfried sieg , carnegie mellon university , philosophy . session seven : sunday , march 25 , 1 : 30 - 3 : 30pm """""""" anaphoric destressing and ellipsis """""""" speaker - edwin williams , princeton university , linguistics . discussants - robert brandom , university of pittsburgh , philosophy . - barbara dieugenio , carnegie mellon university , computational linguistics . session chair - nuel belnap , university of pittsburgh , philosophy . organizers : daniel everett and sarah grey thomason * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * there are no registration fees for this conference . to receive hotel information , maps , etc . please write to dan everett ( dever @ isp . pitt . edu ) or send a letter to university of pittsburgh , center for philosophy of science , 817 cathedral of learning , pittsburgh , pa 15260 . there will be a $ 20 . 00 charge to those wishing to attend the banquet on saturday night ( $ 10 . 00 for students ) .
  """",0
  1351,""""Subject: isfc95 computational section
   
   announcement - - - - - - - - - - - - computational section / workshop at the 22nd international systemic - functional congress beijing , china 18-22 july 1995 the involvement of systemic functional linguistics in computational applications has grown to a point at which it would be beneficiary to take stock of the various ongoing activities . there are a number of interesting problems that arise if one uses systemic functional theory for natural language processing ( nlp ) . the goal of the section is to give researchers using systemic functional theory ( or aspects of it ) for nlp applications a chance to talk about issues of common interest , introduce their approaches to particular problems and ( perhaps ) work out solutions together . the idea is to organize the section as a mixture of talks and extensive discussions . if it turns out that there are some really burning issues , it is also possible to have workshops tailored to particular topics . if you are interested in participating - please fill in the attached form and e-mail it back to me ( teich @ darmstadt . gmd . de ) . - if you want to give a talk or introduce a topic for discussion or for a workshop , please e-mail an abstract of about 1 - 2 pages to me ( teich @ darmstadt . gmd . de ) . the abstract should include a title , your name and affiliation , a list of references and an indication of what it is intended as ( talk , topic for discussion or workshop ) . please send the abstract also , if you have already sent an abstract to the general call for papers of isfc95 . also , if you can think of anybody else who would be interested in participating , please forward this mail to them . the deadline for submissions and suggestions is the 15th of february 1995 . for general information about the conference please send mail to : egterenc @ hkpcc . hkp . hk - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - name : affiliation : address ( inlcuding e-mail ) : topics i work on : topics i would like to discuss : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  1352,""""Subject: semantics and ling . theory 5 - program
   
   preliminary program : semantics and linguistic theory 5 ( salt 5 ) university of texas at austin , february 24 - 26 , 1995 flawn academic center , 4th floor conference fees : $ 35 , $ 25 for students . please make checks payable to the university of texas at austin . rooms have been reserved in the driskill hotel in downtown austin , phone ( 512 ) 474-5911 . please mention that you take part in the salt conference in order to get the special rate of $ 65 single , $ 75 double room . in case you are looking for someone to share a double room , please send us an e-mail with your name and address before january 15 ; we will then send you the list of persons that are looking for a room mate as well . further information : dept . of linguistics university of texas at austin austin , tx 78712-1196 ligk417 @ utxvms . cc . utexas . edu nasher @ bertie . la . utexas . edu ( please note that we will check e-mail only sporadically between december 24 and january 16 . ) ( names of invited speakers appear in capitals ) thursday , february 23 : 8-11 registration and get - together in the driskill hotel friday , february 24 : 8 - 9 registration 9-10 ray jackendoff , brandeis university : """""""" the conceptual structure of intending and volitional action """""""" 10-10 . 40 jost zwarts , utrecht university : """""""" the semantics of relative position """""""" 10 . 40-11 break 11-11 . 40 alex lascarides , university of edinburgh , ann copestake , stanford university : """""""" the pragmatics of word meaning """""""" 11 . 40-12 . 20 anatoli strigin , max planck group """""""" structural grammar """""""" , berlin : """""""" abductive inference during update : the german preposition ' with ' """""""" 12 . 20 - 1 . 30 lunch 1 . 30 - 2 . 10 claudia maienborn , humboldt university , berlin : """""""" towards a compositional semantics for locative modifiers """""""" 2 . 10 - 2 . 50 giulia centineo , ucsc / ucb : """""""" the distribution of the clitic 's i ' in italian transitive / inchoative pairs """""""" 2 . 50 - 3 . 10 break 3 . 10 - 3 . 50 robin schafer , ucsc / ucsd : """""""" the slp / ilp distinction in ' have ' predication """""""" 3 . 50 - 4 . 30 chris barker , university of rochester : """""""" episodic ' - ee ' in english """""""" 4 . 30 - 4 . 50 break 4 . 50 - 5 . 30 friederike moltmann , cuny : """""""" deriving readings of part structure modifiers """""""" 5 . 30 - 6 . 30 arnim von stechow , university of tuebingen : """""""" the proper representation of tense """""""" saturday , february 25 : 9-10 stanley peters , stanford university : tba 10-10 . 40 satoshi tomioka , university of massachusetts at amherst : """""""" focus restricts scope : quantifier in vp ellipsis """""""" 10 . 40-11 break 11-11 . 40 jan lerner , manfred pinkal , university of saarbruecken : """""""" comparative ellipsis and variable binding """""""" 11 . 40-12 . 20 toshiyuki ogihara , university of washington , seattle : """""""" non - factual ' before ' and adverbs of quantification """""""" 12 . 20 - 1 . 30 lunch 1 . 30 - 2 . 10 jeroen groenendijk , university of amsterdam : """""""" definite descriptions in update semantics """""""" 2 . 10 - 2 . 50 reinhard blutner , max planck group """""""" structural grammar """""""" , berlin : """""""" ' normality ' in update semantics """""""" 2 . 50 - 3 . 10 break 3 . 10 - 3 . 50 yoad winter , ots , utrecht : """""""" syncategorematic conjunction and structured meanings """""""" 3 . 50 - 4 . 30 daniel buering , university of cologne : """""""" the great scope inversion conspiracy """""""" 4 . 30 - 5 . 00 business meeting 5 . 30 excursion to the salt lick restaurant , hays county ( texas bbq ) sunday , february 26 : 9-10 veneeta dayal , rutgers university : """""""" licensing ' any ' in non - modal / non - negative contexts """""""" 10-10 . 40 eric jackson , university of groningen : """""""" negative polarity and general statements """""""" 10 . 40-11 break 11-11 . 40 maria uribe - echevarria , uci : """""""" negative polarity licensing , indefinites , and complex preciates """""""" 11 . 40-12 . 20 utpal lahiri , uci : """""""" on negative polarity items in hindi """""""" alternates : anastasia giannakidou , university of groningen : """""""" subjunctive , habituality , and the licensing of polarity items """""""" polly jacobson , brown university : """""""" on apparent exceptions to weak crossover in a variable - free semantics """""""" ( one other alternate paper )
  """",0
  1353,""""Subject: affirmative 'd o '
   
   i am working on a construction in a cape town dialect that involves the use of unstressed 'd o ' in affirmative contexts : e . g . ' i did go to the hall yesterday ' . no contrastive pre-supposition is intended ; speakers appear to be simply highlighting a 's alient ' activity ( there are present tense parallels too ) . although this is traditionally believed to be a ' contact ' feature of cape town english , it sounds to me rather like a relic from early modern standard english , reinforced by natural ( second language ) acquisition . the form does occur ( though possibly with different pragmatics ) in child language acquisition ( i have sporadic & unsystematic examples from britain ) ; but is soon weeded out of the grammar . question : does anyone know of any dialect ( any l1 or l2 form of english ; child language , early interlanguage etc . ) that has something similar ? ( i am familiar with early modern standard and earlier forms of 'd o ' ; with affirmative 'd o ' in ireland and the south - west of england - the pragmatics there are different , incidentally : ' habitual ' is not a function associated with the cape town dialect . ) thanks : raj mesthrie dept of linguistics university of cape town raj @ beattie . uct . ac . za
  """",0
  1354,""""Subject: reduplicative constructions and polarity
   
   moravscik ( in greenberg 's language universals ) notes that reduplicative constructions that do not fulfill a purely grammatical function usually intensifies the base morpheme . sometimes , though , it may actually have the exact opposite function : it de-intensifies the base morpheme . i am interested in the connection between this process and the process by which the literal message of a sarcastic utterance assumes the exact opposite meaning by means of a conceptually similar feature : exaggeration ( of , say , amplitude , duration , pitch , or clarity ) . does anyone know of any further research on this particular phenomenon ? any speculations ? perhaps there is an intimate connection here with the polarity-based cognitive mapping givon ( in negation in language : pragmatics , function , ontology ) proposed ? sincerely , anders lars anders joensson macalester college email : ljonsson @ macalstr . edu
  """",0
  1355,""""Subject: re : 6 . 39 have ) of
   
   it seems to me that the use of have + simple past is rapidly increasing in the u . s . it 's showing up now in newspapers and on television , and , perhaps most tellingly , in the speech of acquaintances who i am sure did not have it a few years ago . my first thought was that this had something to do with the have ) of reanalysis , but i have now heard too many instances of emphatic """""""" have """""""" to believe this . examples such as """""""" even if he had went earlier , . . . """""""" abound . i find these examples easy to spot because i still wince whenever i hear one .
  """",0
  1356,""""Subject: c - insertion
   
   can anyone guide me to material documenting insertion of consonsants to break up impermissible vowel clusters , in which the choice of consonant is not conditioned by the nature of its surrounding vowels ? i ' m thinking , for example , of glides between non-high vowels , or relicts of consonants that were once there historically , but are no longer considered underlyingly present in the basic form of the word . thanks for any help . james kirchner
  """",0
  1357,""""Subject: markedness - - bibliography
   
   dear list , a couple of months ago i posted a request concerning bibliography on markedness . now , after i have written my paper , i can present a list of referenses on markedness for those who are interested in it . bibliography bardovi - harlig , k . ( 1987 ) . markedness and salience in second-language acquisition . language learning , 37 ( 3 ) , 385-407 . battistella , e . l . ( 1990 ) . markedness : the evaluative superstructure of language . albany : state university of new york press . benson , b . ( 1986 ) . the markedness differential hypothesis : implications for vietnamese speakers of english . in f . r . eckman , e . a . moravcsik & j . r . wirth ( eds . ) , markedness ( pp . 271-289 ) . new york : plenum press . birdsong , d . ( 1989 ) . metalinguistic performance and interlinguistic competence . berlin : springer - verlag . broselow , e . ( 1988 ) . second language acquisition . in j . newmeyer ( ed . ) , linguistics : the cambridge survey . vol . iii . language : psychological and biological aspects . ( pp . 194-209 ) . cambridge : cambridge university press . cook , v . j . ( 1988 ) . chomsky 's universal grammar : an introduction . oxford , uk : basil blackwell . croft , w . ( 1990 ) . typology and universals . cambridge : cambridge university press . eckman , f . ( 1977 ) . markedness and the contrastive analysis hypothesis . language learning , 27 ( 2 ) , 315-330 . eckman , f . ( 1985 ) . the markedness differential hypothesis : theory and applications . in wheatley , b . , hastings , a . , eckman , f . r . , bell , l . , krukar , g . & r . rutkovski ( eds . ) , current approaches to second language acquisition . proceedings of the 1984 university of wisconsin - milwaukee linguistic symposium ( pp . 3-21 ) . bloomington , indiana : indiana university linguistic club . eckman , f . ( 1988 ) . typological and parametric views on universals in second language acquisition . in s . flynn & o'neil , w . ( eds . ) , linguistic theory in second language acquisition , ( pp . 417-429 ) . dordrecht : kluwer academic publishers . eckman , f . , bell , l . & nelson , d . ( 1988 ) . on the generalization of relative clause instruction in the acquisition of english as a second language . applied linguistics , 9 ( 1 ) , 1-20 . ellis , r . ( 1994 ) . the study of second language acquisition . oxford : oxford university press . eubank , l . ( 1991 ) . introduction : universal grammar in the second language . in l . eubank ( ed . ) , point counterpoint : universal grammar in the second language , ( pp . 1-48 ) . amsterdam : john benjamins publishing company . flynn , s . and o'neil , w . ( 1988 ) . introduction . in s . flynn & o'neil , w . ( eds . ) , linguistic theory in second language acquisition ( pp . 1-24 ) . dordrecht : kluwer academic publishers . gair , j . w . ( 1988 ) . kinds of markedness . in s . flynn & o'neil , w . ( eds . ) , linguistic theory in second language acquisition ( pp . 225-250 ) . dordrecht : kluwer academic publishers . gass , s . ( 1982 ) . from theory to practice . in hines , m . & rutherford , w . ( eds . ) , on tesol ' 81 ( pp . 129-139 ) . washington , dc . : teachers of english to speakers of other languages . greenberg , j . h . ( 1966 ) . language universals : with special reference to feature hierarchies . the hague : mouton . haegmann , l . ( 1991 ) . introduction to government and binding theory . oxford , uk : basil blackwell . jakobson , r . and waugh , l . r . ( 1987 ) . the sound shape of language . berlin : mouton de gruyter . liceras , j . m . ( 1985 ) . the role of intake in the determination of learners ' competence . in s . gass and c . madden ( eds . ) , input in second language acquisition . rowley , ma : newbury house . liceras , j . m . ( 1988a ) . syntax and stylistics : more on the pro-drop parameter . in j . pankhurst , m . sharwood smith & p . v . buren ( eds . ) , learnability and second languages : a book of readings ( pp . 71-93 ) . dordrecht : foris publications . liceras , j . m . ( 1988b ) . l2 learnability : delimiting the domain of core grammar as distinct from the marked periphery . in s . flynn & o'neil , w . ( eds . ) , linguistic theory in second language acquisition , ( pp . 199-224 ) . dordrecht : kluwer academic publishers . mazurkewich , i . ( 1984 ) . the acquisition of the dative alteration by second language learners and linguistic theory . language learning , 34 , 91-109 . mazurkewich , i . ( 1988 ) . the acquisition of infinitive and gerund complements by second language learners . in s . flynn & o'neil , w . ( eds . ) , linguistic theory in second language acquisition , ( pp . 127-143 ) . dordrecht : kluwer academic publishers . moravcsik , e . & wirth , j . ( 1986 ) . markedness - an overview . in f . r . eckman , e . a . moravcsik & j . r . wirth ( eds . ) , markedness ( pp . 1-11 ) . new york : plenum press . myers - scotton , c . ( 1993 ) . social motivations for code-switching : evidence from africa . oxford : clarendon press . phinney , m . ( 1987 ) . the pro-drop parameter in second language acquisition . in t . roeper & e . williams ( eds . ) , parameter setting ( pp . 221-238 ) . dordrecht : d . reidel publishing company . rutherford , w . e . ( 1982 ) . markedness in second language acquisition . language learning , 32 ( 1 ) , 85-108 . rutherford , w . e . ( 1988 ) . grammatical theory and l2 acquisition : a brief overview . in s . flynn & o'neil , w . ( eds . ) , linguistic theory in second language acquisition , ( pp . 404-416 ) . dordrecht : kluwer academic publishers . safir , k . ( 1987 ) . comments on wexler and manzini . in t . roeper & e . williams ( eds . ) , parameter setting ( pp . 77-89 ) . dordrecht : d . reidel publishing company . trubetzkoy , n . s . ( 1975 ) . letters and notes ( pp . 162-163 ) . the hague : mouton . wexler , k . & manzini , m . r . ( 1987 ) . parameters and learnability in binding theory . in t . roeper & e . williams ( eds . ) , parameter setting ( pp . 41 - 76 ) . dordrecht : d . reidel publishing company . white , l . ( 1986 ) . markedness and parameter setting : some implications for a theory of adult second language acquisition . in f . r . eckman , e . a . moravcsik & j . r . wirth ( eds . ) , markedness ( pp . 309-327 ) . new york : plenum press . white , l . ( 1987 ) . a note on phinney . in t . roeper & e . williams ( eds . ) , parameter setting ( pp . 239-246 ) . dordrecht : d . reidel publishing company . white , l . ( 1988a ) . universal grammar and language transfer . in j . pankhurst , m . sharwood smith & p . v . buren ( eds . ) , learnability and second languages : a book of readings ( pp . 36 - 60 ) . dordrecht : foris publications . white , l . ( 1988b ) . island effects in second language acquisition . in s . flynn & o'neil , w . ( eds . ) , linguistic theory in second language acquisition , ( pp . 144-172 ) . dordrecht : kluwer academic publishers . white , l . ( 1989 ) . universal grammar and second language acquisition . amsterdam / philadelphia : john benjamins publishing company . white , l . ( 1992 ) . universal grammar : is it just a new name for old problems ? in s . gass & l . selinker ( eds . ) , language transfer in language learning ( 217-232 ) . amsterdam / philadelphia : john benjamins publishing company . wolfe quintero , k . ( 1992 ) . learnability and the acquisition of extraction in relative clauses and wh-questions . ssla , 14 , 39-70 . zobl , h . ( 1983 ) . markedness and the projection problem . language learning , 33 ( 3 ) , 293-313 . zobl , h . ( 1988 ) . configurationality and the subset principle : the acquisition of v1 by japanese learners of english . in j . pankhurst , m . sharwood smith & p . v . buren ( eds . ) , learnability and second languages : a book of readings ( pp . 116-131 ) . dordrecht : foris publications . zobl , h . ( 1994 ) . markedness aspects of case-marking in l1 french - l2 english interlanguage . unpublished manuscript . i also would like to express my gratitude to all my correspondents . many thanks to linguist @ tamsun . tamu . edu jane edwards ( edwards @ cogsci . berkeley . edu ) mihoko kubota kubota @ stc . ipa . go . jp eva mendieta - lombardo emendiet @ iunhaw1 . iun . indiana . edu natasha artemeva ( nartemev @ ccs . carleton . ca )
  """",0
  1358,""""Subject: 200
   
   summary on reduplication a month before christmas ( in linguist vol-5 - 1354 ) i sent out a query about * reduplication * and how this strategy is grammaticalized in languages to convey some facet of * intensification * . this is a summary based on the 45 replies i received from linguist netters . allow me to thank you all collectively now , since i will not be referring to single respondents in the following discussion . the topic of reduplication interests me because i am writing on my phd on repetition with respect to intensification and iconicity in swedish . the point of departure in the original query were the claims found in lakoff & johnson ( metaphors we live by ; 1980 ) according to which reduplication may indicate : - plural or collective - intensification or increase - continuation or completion - diminution thus , ' more ' of physical linguistic ' form ' corresponds to ' more ' in the ' content ' of the reduplicated expression as opposed to a non-reduplicated form - - as an instance of diagrammatic iconicity ( or as a realization of the * conduit * metaphor in the terms of lakoff & johnson ) . there are reflections of the outlined principles in colloquial english in expressions like ' an old old man ' , ' the music got louder and louder ' , 's he talks talks talks ' , ' the ball bounced and bounced ' , ' there 's forms forms forms forms ' , ' it was sinking down down ' , etc . i originally mentioned , however , that these structures were * marked * in a language like english . the choice of words was perhaps not so lucky . what i meant by """""""" marked """""""" is that even if we may think that such expressions are frequent in casual speech , they are rare in more constrained contexts . a less marked way of intensifying would probably be to use a specific intensifier or quantifier , e . g . ' a very old man ' , ' talks a lot ' . i hope no one will be offended by this simplistic analysis , it is only leading us a bit beside the point . ( for a comprehensive account on """""""" repetition in english """""""" , see persson 1974 , univ . of uppsala , sw . ) i was in my query more after pointers to and examples of languages where reduplication as a means of * intensification * is an integrated , so to speak , a standard characteristic of the grammar . this was also , more or less , what i got . i will summarize the outcome in the following ; i am aware of that in most instances the """""""" facts """""""" are probably subject to qualification , but for the sake of clarity & brevity i will lay the examples ahead in a rather list-like manner . furthermore , the examples certainly represent only a sample of the languages in the world that have incorporated reduplication in their system . note that i have left out - - in order to make it all more illustrative - - possible tone marks and diacritics of the transliteration . 1 . plural or collective * in malay / bahasa ( indonesia ) , full word reduplication turns singular to plural : anak ' child ' anak-anak ' children ' * in nahuatl ( or """""""" aztec """""""" ) , prefixed reduplication with nouns conveys a plural meaning : cih-tli ' hare ' ( where ' cih - ' is the stem ) ci : cih-tli pl . - - moreover , there are no structurally distinct adjectives in nahuatl but certain """""""" adjectival """""""" suffixes that can take on a plural notion via reduplication : - pi : l diminutive suffix - pipi : l plural * hausa is cited to have reduplication in the formation of plurals of a limited set of nouns . * in japanese , reduplication may turn a noun to a collective , but the scope of this strategy is said to be marginal : hito ' person ' hitobito ' people ' kami ' god ' kamigami ' gods ' * in mandarin ( chinese ) , reduplication turns singular to collective ( but this is said to be rare ) : ren ' person ' renren ' people ' - - moreover , both in mandarin and cantonese * classifier * items may be reduplicated to convey """""""" universal quantification """""""" in contrast to more unique reference . this fits readily in the notion of intensification ( or augmentation ) : ge ren ' a person ' ( mandarin ) ge ge ren ' every person ' douh ' place , there ' ( cantonese ) douh-douh ' everywhere ' * dakotan patterns plurals of stative intransitive verbs with reduplication . this is said only to apply to instances with inanimate subjects though . north american languages in general may be of interest when considering reduplication but i am short of examples at present . following languages were mentioned in the replies , though : klamath , nez perce , sahaptin . 2 . intensification or increase * mandarin chinese intensifies adjectives with reduplication : xiao 's mall ' xiaoxiao ' very small ' gaoxing ' happy ' gaogaoxingxing ' very happy ' as you notice , with disyllabic adjectives the reduplication pattern is aabb . - - cantonese also uses reduplication for augmentation or emphasis . * turkish is , apparently , a point in case . reduplication of adjectives indicates intensification or increase in the following way : temiz ' clean ' tertemiz ' very clean ' dolu ' full ' dopdolu ' very full ' bos ' empty ' bosbos ' completely empty ' here we have prefixed reduplication accompanied with a binding consonant . interestingly , there do not seem to be """""""" rules """""""" for which binding consonant should be inserted in a given case . * hausa is cited to use reduplication in the intensification of adjectives . * celtic languages have full word reduplication to indicate intensification . the method is reminiscent of the case of english , but it may be more """""""" integrated """""""" in the grammar of the celtic ( are there any opinions about this ? ) . could the celtic model have influenced germanic languages so that we still today have rather similar reduplication in the colloquial registers ( just my own modest idea . . . ) ? here are some examples provided by netters : - - welsh : ty bach bach ' a very small house ' oglau cryf cryf ' a very strong smell ' - - gaelic : fada fada ' very long ' trua trua ' very pity ' - - breton : braz-braz ' very tall ' this is said to be common especially in negative sentences . * in colloquial russian reduplication / repetition of adj 's / adv 's has likewise an intensifying function . the use is probably stylistically similar to repetition in colloquial english , but it is said to be limited to * predicate * adjectives : belyj-belyj ' very white ' tixo-tixo ' very quietly ' * it was also pointed that finnish has prefixed reduplication in some intensified adjectival forms . this is true , indeed , but - - what it seems - - wholly lexicalized and non-productive . in any case , here are some examples i and my colleague enjoyed coming up with : taysi ' full ' ( umlaut a ) tapo-taysi ' completely full ' ( uml . a 's & o ) tyhja ' empty ' ( uml . a ) typo-tyhja ' compl . empty ' ( uml . a 's & o ) puhdas ' clean ' puti-puhdas ' compl . clean ' uusi ' new ' upo-uusi ' brand new ' pinta 's urface ' piri-pinta ' right on the surface ' suomalainen ' finnish ' supi-suomalainen ' purely finnish ' yksin ' alone ' ypo-yksin ' compl . alone ' ( uml . o ) tiessaan ' lost ' ( uml . a 's ) tipo-tiessaan ' compl . lost ' ( uml . a 's & o ) the prefixed items ' tapo ' , ' typo ' , ' tipo ' , 's upi ' , ' puti ' , ' piri ' , ' upo ' , ' ypo ' do not seem to mean anything , at least for the speakers today . it seems that the first vowel or the pair first consonant & vowel of the stem are reduplicated with a binding syllable that most often has a ' p ' and a vowel , e . g . : ta-po - taysi , ty-po - tyhja , u-po - uusi , y-po - yksin could this have been productive in some earlier stage of the language ? * finally , in classical ( only ? ) greek a small number of * verbs * may have reduplication to communicate some sort of intensifying , expressive or affective notions : pam-phain - ei ' it shines brightly ' ( ( * phan-phan - j-ei ) 3 . continuation or completion reduplication is , evidently , often used in the formation of present , progressive or perfective . i take here the view that present or progressive forms combine with * continuation * , whereas perfective forms communicate * completion * . it was nice to discover that """""""" classical """""""" linguistic tradition can offer fitting data here . it feels appropriate to begin with these examples . - - - * in sanskrit , the perfect stem is formed by reduplication : budh - ' know ' bubodh - perf . jan - ' born ' jajan - perf . aorist ( ' true perfect ' ) roots may also be formed by a kind of reduplication : jan - ajijana - ( aor . ) in addition , present stems may be formed by reduplication : bhii - 'd rink ' bibhii - pres . * classical greek uses partial reduplication , i . e . prefixation of the initial consonant of a verb plus the vowel ' e ' , in stems for perfect tenses : le-lu - k-a ' i have freed ' pe-poie : - k-a ' i have made ' ge-grap - tai ' it has been written ' if the root begins with a vowel , the vowel is augmented . furthermore , some common verbs take reduplication in their * present * tense ; the initial consonant is reduplicated with the vowel ' i ' : di-do : - mi ' i give / am giving ' gi-gno - mai ' i am becoming ' ti-the : - mi ' i am placing ' ( ( * thi-the : - mi ) * in latin , perfect forms may involve reduplication : curro ' run ' cucurri perf . - - - let us then go over to more living languages . * in hausa , reduplication applied to verbs in two different ways expresses completion or continuity respectively . modified suffixed reduplication gives an idea of * completed * action : cika ' fill ' cikakke compl . jefa ' throw ' jefaffe compl . prefixed reduplication communicates """""""" something like continuity """""""" , as expressed by the respondent : buga ' beat ' bubbuga ' keep on beating ' kira ' call ' kikkira ' call various people ' * in tagalog ( philippines ) , reduplication distinguishes * imperfective * actions from perfective : bili root of ' buy ' bibili irrealis imperfective upo root of 's it ' uupo irr . imp . kuha root of ' get ' kukuha irr . imp . some scholars call irrealis perfective * completed * aspect and irrealis imperfective * contemplated * aspect . this makes sense , since irrealis imperfective ' bibili ' seems to translate to ' will buy ' . * in wailevu / fijian ( austronesia ) , reduplication is used in so called """""""" object defocusing """""""" that involves repetition of the action and a progressive marker : au xau-ta na agone ' i carry the child ' au xau-xau jixo ' i ' m carrying now ' au dola-va na xaatuba ' i open the window ' au dola-dola jixo ' i ' m opening now ' moreover , in this language adjectives may be derived from verbs through reduplication . even if noted to be """""""" not productive """""""" , the process is fascinating : sava-ta ' wash - tr ' sava-sava - a ' clean ' the adjective could be understood to represent * completed * action , the result , in a way very similar to how the perfect participle works in , say , germanic : she has washed the cloth . - - ) a washed cloth * in nahuatl ( """""""" aztec """""""" ) , reduplication may affect the meaning of a verb in several ways . - - an action carried out in a """""""" systematic """""""" ( progressive ? ) way : tequi base for ' to slice ' or ' to hack ' te : tequi 's lice / carve something ' cho : ca ' weep ' cho : cho : ca ' weep continuously ' - - of the same base verbs , an action carried out in a """""""" random """""""" ( involving repetition ? ) way : tehtequi ' hack something up ' chohcho : ca ' to sob ' - - furthermore , reduplication may be recursive ( e . g . of ' weep continuously ' & 's ob ' respectively ) : cho : cho : cho : ca chohchohcho : ca - - verbs with certain morphologic characteristic may take on reduplication to indicate * repeated action * : tzili : ni ' make a metallic sound ' tzttzilica ' jingle ' tzitzilitza ' make something jingle ' * in afrikaans , reduplication applied to some verbs seems give a progressive idea : hy loop eet-eet ' he eats continuously while walking ' 4 . diminution there are not many examples of * diminution * in the total of replies . in a sense , the process of """""""" making something smaller """""""" could possibly go under the more general strategy of * intensification or increase * ( although it is literally about """""""" decrease """""""" ) . nevertheless , there were a couple of possibly fitting cases : * cantonese may use reduplication to convey * diminution * or * moderation * . * it was pointed that english ( ! ) has some """""""" diminutive """""""" reduplication in formations like ' itsy-bitsy ' , ' eensie - weensie ' , ' teeny-tiny ' . these carry the content ' very small ' , but they belong merely to the child-speak register . in any case , the examples are diagnostic of the diminutive case . 5 . other there are uses of reduplication that go beyond the suggested four categories above . with some restraint , some of these could perhaps be seen as slight offsprings of the more general principle of marking * plurality * . i do not go into detailed examples but mention some most common semantic categories : - - distributive reduplication : presupposes two or more referents that are taken separately ( type : ' one by one ' ) - - reflexive notions go naturally hand in hand with distributive ( type : ' one another ' ) - - the so called * delimitative aspect * , i . e . 'd oing something for a while ' , in mandarin and cantonese does not at first seem to fit in * continuity * or * completion * . however , the semantics of the delimitative aspect is said to encompass """""""" implied repetition """""""" : tai-tai ' take a look at ' ( cant . ) chang-chang ' have a taste ' ( man . ) shi-shi ' have a go ' ( man . ) what would seem logical to me is that a casual , temporally short action like ' take a look ' reaches its termination quicker than standard ' looking ' . i do n't know if this kind of an implicit sense of """""""" rapid completion """""""" could be the motivation of this reduplication ? - - - then there are numerous instances of reduplication that communicate * contrastive emphasis * . these do not necessarily combine with the above functional categories at all . the motivation of such reduplication is merely to * make a point * clearer . the ( american ) english """""""" double """""""" is a seemingly nice example of this : shall we rent a car car , or would you rather have a jeep ? of course , emphasis is a sort of * intensification * and , thus , it touches the theme of our discussion . * * * * now i think it 's time to close this rather lengthy summary . thanks for reading it . if you would like to add something to the discussion - - like comment on my suggestions - - , feel free to e-mail ( or snailmail ) the """""""" stuff """""""" directly to me . ( for literature , see below ) all the best for 1995 , - jan . jan lindstrom dept . of scandinavian languages pb 4 00014 helsinki university finland - - - literature in the end , i will give some bibliographic hints that were pointed to me ( sorry , the order is random ) : martin , samuel e . 1988 . a reference grammar of japanese . tuttle . tai , james . 1993 . iconicity : motivations in chinese grammar . in principles and prediction : the analysis of natural language , ed . by mushira eid & gregory iverson . benjamins . 153-174 . whitney , william dwight . 1896 . a sanskrit grammar . ( e . g . ) harvard university press . carnochan , j . c . 1957 . gemination in hausa . in studies in linguistic analysis , special vol . of the philological society . blackwell . schachter & otanes . 1972 . grammar of tagalog . university of california . moravcsik , edith a . 1978 . reduplicative constructions . in universals of human language , vol . 3 . word structure . ed . by j . h . greenberg et al . stanford university press . 297-334 . davis , stuart . 1988 . on the nature of internal reduplication . in hammond & noonan ( eds . ) , theoretical morphology : approaches in modern linguistics . academic press . 305-323 . li & thompson . mandarin chinese : a functional reference grammar . ( eg . pp . 28-36 ) newman , paul . 1989 . reduplicated nouns in hausa . journal of african languages and linguistics vol 8 nr 2 ( oct . ) . 115-132 . matthews & yip . 1994 . cantonese : a comprehensive grammar . routledge .
  """",0
  1359,""""Subject: phonetics texts
   
   dear linguists , last month i posted a query on phonetics texts suitable for a 10 - week undergraduate course . i received many helpful responses from : chuck coker , yoshi asano , marc picard , charles read , darlene lacharite , nigel love , geoffrey nathan , steve seegmiller , don churma , frances ingemann , peter ladefoged , hal edwards , and one linguist who preferred not to be listed . thanks to all of you ! the book most often recommended is peter ladefoged 's , but others are also recommended in cases where the course is focused on the description of english only . geoff nathan pointed out that there are hypertext programs with examples stored as sound files that go with ladefoged 's text ; the edwards text has accompanying workbook , instructor 's manual and lab tapes . marc picard very kindly sent me the bibliography he gives to students in his class . i hope he does not mind that i have added to it the items referred to in the other replies i received to create the enclosed summary bibliography . call numbers are from marc 's list , and are those from libraries in montreal , for those of you lucky enough to live there . again , my thanks to all who replied ! susan meredith burt here is the combined list of references : abercrombie , david ( 1967 ) elements of general phonetics . edinburgh university press . ( vanier 3 , pe 1135 a2 1967b ) bolinger , dwight ( 1986 ) intonation and its parts : melody in spoken english . stanford university press . ( webster 4 , pe 1139 . 5 b65 1986 ) bronstein , arthur ( 1960 ) the pronunciation of american english : an introduction to phonetics . new york : appleton - century - crofts . ( vanier 3 , pe 1137 b77 1960 ) catford , j . c . ( date ? ) a practical introduction to phonetics . oxford u . p . clark , john , and colin yallop ( 1990 ) an introduction to phonetics and phonology . oxford : basil blackwell . ( webster 4 , p 217 c62 , 1990 ) cruttenden , alan ( 1994 ) gimson 's pronunciation of english . london : edward arnold . crystal , david . 1991 . a dictionary of linguistics and phonetics , 3rd ed . cambridge , ma : blackwell . denes , peter , and elliott pinson ( 1963 ) the speech chain . bell telephone laboratories . ( webster 4 & vanier 3 , qp 306 d45 1963 ) edwards , harold t . 1992 . applied phonetics : the sounds of american english san diego , ca : singular publishing group . fromkin , victoria , and robert rodman . 1993 . an introduction to language , 5th ed . orlando , fl : harcourt brace jovanovich . jones , daniel , a . c . gimson , and susan ramsaran ( 1988 ) english pronouncing dictionary . london : j . m . dent & sons . ( webster reference , pe 1137 j55 1988 ) kent , ray & charles read ( 1992 ) . the acoustic analysis of speech . singular publishing . ladefoged , peter ( 1993 ) a course in phonetics . fort worth : harcourt brace jovanovich . ( webster 4 & vanier 3 , p 221 l2 1982 , 1975 ) laver , john ( 1994 ) principles of phonetics . cambridge : university press . ( mcgill p221 l293 1993 ) longman dictionary of american english . 1983 . white plains , ny : longman . mackay , ian . ( date ? ) the science of speech production . austin , texas : pro - ed . o'connor , j . d . ( 1980 ) phonetics . penguin books . picard , marc ( 1994 ) the comparative phonetics of english and french . montreal : concordia university . ( bookstore ) pullum , geoffrey k . , and william a . ladusaw ( 1986 ) phonetic symbol guide . university of chicago press . ( webster 4 , p 221 p85 1986 ) rogers , henry ( 1991 ) theoretical and practical phonetics . mississauga : copp clark pitman . ( mcgill p221 r64 1991 ) wells , j . c . ( 1990 ) longman pronunciation dictionary . harlow : longman . ( webster reference , pe 1137 w45 1990 ) i should point out that no one knew of a book particularly designed for 10 weeks - - how to make a course fit that time period seems to be a pedagogical problem left up to the instructor .
  """",0
  1360,""""Subject: t
   
   thanks to everyone who responded to my questions about latex fonts and using linux in general . respondents were : jen hay ( jennifer . hay @ vuw . ac . nz ) mark hale ( hale1 @ husc . harvard . edu ) greg iverson ( iverson @ csd . uwm . edu ) """""""" james a . mcgilvray """""""" ( jim @ dep . philo . mcgill . ca ) michael covington ( mcovingt @ ai . uga . edu ) james magnuson ( magnuson @ hip . atr . co . jp ) uli sauerland ( sauerlan @ mit . edu ) tom green ( tmgreen @ mit . edu ) """""""" larry trask """""""" ( larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk ) ted . harding @ nessie . mcc . ac . uk ( ted harding ) """""""" c . a . creider """""""" ( creider @ julian . uwo . ca ) mark liberman ( myl @ sansom . ling . upenn . edu ) first of all , the responses clearly indicate that there exists at least two ipa fonts for latex ( see below ) . responses to my more general questions ranged from enthusiastic encouragement about using latex and linux , to fervernt wishes that i rethink my abandonment of the macintosh os , to recommendations of other operating systems and / or text-processing or dsp systems . i should perhaps have mentioned that i am already relatively familiar with bsd unix , so switching to linux will not be much of a shock in and of itself - though obviously using latex will be quite a change from a mac - based word processor . . . the score is currently : pro latex w / ipa : 7 pro linux : 4 pro mac : 1 pro nextstep : 1 anti latex : 1 and a number of somewhat mixed responses , suggesting for the most part that i remain with a mac for text processing , but work with some kind of unix environment for dsp and data processing , or that i stick with a mac for the actual sound manipulation but switch to linux for everything else . re : dsp there were at least two recommendations for signalyze for the macintosh , and two for ogi-tools for unix systems . some select quotes ( anonymously to discourage os partisanship from seeping into real life ) : """""""" i thoroughly recommend switching to latex . """""""" """""""" i ' m running a linux box and use latex for all professional word - processing these days . . . i have n't found anything i can't do yet . """""""" """""""" i ' ll say this for linux , compared to dos , windows , os / 2 , desqview , and windows nt ( latest versions of all ) , i ' ve been running linux for a year and a half and it has never once crashed . never . every one of those others has . """""""" """""""" gee , i hope switching from a macintosh to a linux workstation is n't too painful . . . do you really have to do this ( power macintosh machines are indeed powerful , and the word processing situation is well developed with wordperfect 3 . 1 , nisus writer 4 . 06 , others ) . """""""" """""""" while on the topic of unix instantiations of tex , you might look at nextstep instead of linux . . . next 's gui is , honestly , elegant . """""""" """""""" there are several good ipa font sets for latex , as well as a whole bunch of accents available even if you do n't use special fonts . """""""" """""""" i use latex ( both on linux and on other unixes ) for all my papers and there are a couple good packages of phonetic symbol fonts that work great with latex . """""""" """""""" first of all , i dislike latex intensely , as do most of my colleagues in linguistics . we find it uniquely user-hostile : basically , you can't change any defaults unless you have a degree in hacking . . . on the whole , then , my advice is to stay away from latex . """""""" """""""" i am a linux user , and can assure you that latex and all sorts of extensions work very well with linux . so if you can find the linguistic tools for latex you should be able to use them with linux . """""""" i have also had a few requests that i share the information regarding where to find latex ipa fonts : there are apparently at least two , maybe more . one is called tsipa and is from japan . another is called wsuipa , and is from washington state university . one other person mentioned a font set from waterloo , but did not give more details . tsipa is available at ftp . shsu . edu in tex-archive / fonts / tsipa a couple people mentioned the tex - for-linguists newsgroup , at listserv @ shsu . edu , but this may no longer be running . there is also a tex newsgroup , comp . text . tex for more info . thanks again to all the people who responded so quickly . i am going to give the linux / latex system a shot , and see what i can make of it . - alex afrancis @ midway . uchicago . edu alex francis ( 312 ) - 667-5432 department of linguistics afrancis @ midway . uchicago . edu university of chicago ( 312 ) 667-5432 ( home ) 1010 e . 59th st . ( 312 ) 702-9861 ( ling . dept . fax ) chicago , il 60637 ( 312 ) 702-7045 ( lang . lab )
  """",0
  1361,""""Subject: sociolinguistic / dialect lists
   
   i ' m afraid my request a while ago for information on sociolinguistic or dialectological discussion groups did n't come up with much information , but this is all i know about : ads - l ( american dialect society list ) listserver : listserv @ uga . bitnet listserv @ uga . cc . uga . edu for questions , contact : maynor @ msstate ( bernard chien perro ) and comserve at : comserve @ vm . its . rpi . edu have various communication lists including : ethno for discussion of issues in ethnomethodology , conversation and discourse analysis , etc . and one on gender . for information on these send the message show hotlines to their address . but there is still a lack of a sociolinguistic / dialectological list . could someone out there set one up ? maik gibson , university of reading
  """",0
  1362,""""Subject: cgsw : updated program
   
   announcing cgsw10 the 10th comparative germanic syntax workshop , organised jointly by the catholic university of brussels , and the p . j . meertens institute for dialectology ( amsterdam ) will take place in brussels on january 17-19 , 1995 . the program tuesday january 17 18 : 00 : registration and reception at conference venue : vrijheidslaan 17 , b-1080 brussels ( metro simonis ) wednesday , january 18 room a / o / 2 9 : 30 - 10 : 00 : coffee and formal opening 10 : 00 - 10 : 30 : t . taraldsen ( tromso ) case , subject-orientation and agreement in icelandic and faroese 10 : 30 - 11 : 00 : c . platzack ( lund ) forced to leave : non l - related movement in germanic v2 languages 11 : 00 - 11 : 30 : coffee 11 : 30 - 12 : 00 : j . zwarts ( utrecht ) simple and complex prepositions and p - stranding in dutch 12 : 00 - 12 : 30 : h . bennis ( leiden ) , f . beukema ( leiden ) & m . den dikken ( vu , amsterdam ) getting verb movement 12 : 30 - 14 : 00 : lunch 14 : 00 - 14 : 30 : s . barbiers ( leiden ) an antisymmetric analysis of pp extraposition 14 : 30 - 15 : 00 : t . hoekstra ( leiden ) & j . rooryck ( leiden ) dynamic and stative have 15 : 00 - 15 : 30 : e . haeberli ( geneve ) morphological case , pro and word order 15 : 30 - 16 : 00 : coffee 16 : 00 - 16 : 30 : e . - p . kester ( utrecht ) adjectival inflection and licensing conditions on null nouns 16 : 30 - 17 : 00 : e . hoekstra ( meertens , amsterdam ) & m . den dikken ( vu , amsterdam ) parasitic participles thursday , january 19 room a / o / 1 10 : 00 - 10 : 30 : j . bobaljik ( mit ) the morphological determination of germanic syntax 10 : 30 - 11 : 00 : d . buering ( koeln ) & k . hartmann ( frankfurt ) extraposition , qr , and association with focus 11 : 00 - 11 : 30 : coffee 11 : 30 - 12 : 00 : e . groat ( harvard ) overt and null expletives in germanic 12 : 00 - 12 : 30 : s . menuzzi ( leiden ) on double object constructions in icelandic 12 : 30 - 14 : 00 : lunch 14 : 00 - 14 : 30 : m . everaert ( utrecht ) binding and the inert / active distinction 14 : 30 - 15 : 00 : a . henry ( ulster ) v2 phenomena in belfast english 15 : 00 - 15 : 30 : coffee 15 : 30 - 16 : 00 : f . weerman ( utrecht ) morphological case and null case 16 : 00 - 16 : 30 : j . - w . zwart ( groningen ) the composition of auxiliaries and the placement of participles in dutch travel and hotel information : a file with travel and hotel information will be sent to you upon simple request ( e-mail or coupon below ) . registration and conference lunches : advance registration : $ 20 / bef 700 ( $ 10 / bef 350 for students ) on - site registration : $ 30 / bef 1 , 000 ( $ 20 / bef 700 for students ) advance registration can be made by sending in the coupon below , and by forwarding the required amount into postal account # 000-0536088 - 66 of ku brussel , vrijheidslaan 17 , b-1080 brussels . please mention that you are registering for cgsw10 ; do not forget to add bank charges to the above amounts . the deadline for advance registration is january 9 , 1995 . there are a number of restaurants in the immediate vicinity of the university ; however , given any sizable number of conference participants , this may lead to substantive overcrowding and consequent delays . for this reason , the organisers will arrange for a caterer to provide two lunches on the university premises . since it is vital that we should know in advance how many lunches to order , you must book your lunch in advance by sending in the coupon below . for the lunches , no advance payment is required . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cut here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - name : address : e - mail : 0 i will register on-site 0 i have transferred the registration fee in the amount of 0 bef 700 0 bef 350 ( student rate ) to postal account # 000-0536088 - 66 . 0 i want to order a conference lunch for wednesday january 18 at bef 400 0 i want to order a conference lunch for thursday january 19 at bef 400 0 please send me hotel and travel information mail , fax , or e-mail this coupon to : ku brussel cgsw10 ( g . vanden wyngaerd ) vrijheidslaan 17 b-1080 brussel belgium tel + 32 2 412 4349 fax + 32 2 412 4200 email : haaam08 @ cc1 . kuleuven . ac . be - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cut here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  1363,""""Subject: re : 6 . 44 varia : animals and who , kant and innateness
   
   david powers said : ) the whole point of science is ) to explain the phenomena we observe , and saying that """""""" we are born with it """""""" is ) not an explanation . . . . ) even given the validity of the claim , the fact begs an explanation . . . . ) linguistics has a tendency to stop at being descriptive . science always goes ) further than mere description . describing the commonality present across the ) full range of human language , in a neat , parsimonious way , is but a first step ; ) for science demands explanations : why does language have the form it does ? ) where do these universals come from ? why do we have this range of parameter ) settings ? what relationship does language have to thought ? consciousness ? ) perception ? while i agree that linguistic inquiry should push the ` explanatory ' envelop as far as it possibly can , let us not deceive ourselves into thinking that ` explanation ' , of the type david powers speaks of , is anything more than another level of description . in the ultimate sense , it remains true that science can never hope to explain anything in any essential way . it can only establish cause and effect links but cannot take these back to ultimate origin . to do so calls for an infinite wisdom that human and artificial intelligence are simply incapable of . it is reason itself which tells us this is so . to pretend it is ( or can be ) otherwise is to undermine the very tenets of reason on which we base our analysis of this world and to enter the realm of faith , unreasonably turning reason into a religion in the process . at its very best , human science can only provide us with partial explanations , which are really descriptions in disguise . perhaps this is disagreeably humbling to the ambitions of the human enterprise , but this is the conclusion that we must come to unless we abandon empirical foundations altogether and claim , as an article of faith , that humankind posseses infinite cognition . if we are not willing to accept the latter proposition , then we must recognize that the very empiricism that we adhere to in order to do science leads us to the kantian barrier beyond which reason will not take us . concommitantly , like kant , we must accept that reason , at the point where it can go no further , points us in the direction of a transcendent origin . probably david powers did not intend his remarks to project us into the realm of absolutes . but when it is a question of the philosophy of science , absolutes are not only fair game , they are essential to proper reflection . michael d . picone university of alabama mpicone @ ua1vm . ua . edu
  """",0
  1364,""""Subject: re : racist linguist plot ( linguist list : vol-5 - 1467 )
   
   regarding steven schaufele 's recent posting on """""""" language amongst the anthropoidea , or , the racist linguist plot """""""" , wherein he claims never to have noticed any anti-animal """""""" racism """""""" in his training : i remember knowing about racism but not yet knowing about institutionalized racism - - wherein an institution is so permeated with racism that people are not even aware that what they say or do is racist . but let 's change the word """""""" racist """""""" to * species-ist * , since 1 ) racist does n't exactly fit cross-species issues except in the older meaning of """""""" human race """""""" , 2 ) species-ist points more clearly to our anthropocentrism , and 3 ) i no longer like to use the current concept of race because the history of its use over only the past 100 years with this particular meaning ( check the oed ) has not proven useful to me for inclusion into any explanations . dr . schaufele says , ) i certainly do n't remember anything in the introductory survey ) courses i ' ve taken myself . . . so much as hinting that it is an ) a priori assumption of the field of linguistics that language ) is the exclusive prerogative of homo sapiens . maybe the hints were all around , but never noticed . let 's next consider whether linguistics may be guilty of not overt but * covert * and institutionalized species-ism , embedded so pervasively as to be invisible to some . moonhawk 's institutionalized species - ism hypothesis predicts that unwitting species-ism will be reflected : * in textbooks through the positing of such processes as syntax and morphology ( which we claim animals do n't have ) as """""""" universals of language """""""" * in the use of metonymy ( part for whole ) to define * language * in terms of these putative universals , syntax & morphology , processes we claim only humans have , and then in calling everything else without such machinery * communication * ( which * true linguists * do n't study or publish on . ( n . b . , it 's not like you can go to a school or department of * communication * to study how animals communicate - - - so this is terminological limbo : few linguists really care what animals do ; it 's seen as irrelevant ) . * such truisms as """""""" there are no primitive languages """""""" in our intro classes - - where primitive is tacitly understood to mean """""""" with reduced or without the machinery of morphology & syntax """""""" . ( this automatically disallows what apes , cetaceans and others do from being called language , given our other claims above . ) * the omission of """""""" chimpanzee """""""" in the inventory of world 's languages * such constructs as lad ( language acquisition device ) and """""""" innate predisposition to language """""""" applied uniquely to humans . ( have you ever seen anyone positing either construct for the great apes or cetaceans ? ) * in standard theories and stories on the """""""" origins of language """""""" with exclusively human protagonists ( bow - wow and yo - he - ho theories , biblical tower of babel ) * in language acquisition classes that study primarily what humans do , with some emphasis on how humans diverge from animals just for comparison 's sake , to see how we take off developmentally from where they stop * in such phrases as """""""" uniquely human """""""" and """""""" social contract """""""" ( """""""" signs of the apes , songs of the whales , """""""" , nova , 1984 , discussing washoe 's use of asl : """""""" washoe has crossed the line into exclusively human territory . """""""" ) these are just the tip of the iceberg , off the top of the head . look around with sensitive eyes and you ' ll see the subtle signs of this species-ism everywhere . no one has to plot or say anything overtly species-ist because , given the totality of our system , animals can never break through our self-imposed cultural definitional language barrier ( as sue savage - rumbaugh so aptly notes ) . if a chimp and a child perform exactly the same behavior , the child 's is adjudged * linguistic * and the chimp 's is not , because children , unlike chimps , are said to be """""""" on their way to language """""""" ( i . e . , syntax ) . [ thanks to marilyn silva for her assistance to this point ; she thoroughly disavows any connection with what follows ! ] just so that we may see this species-ism more clearly , first a teaching i ' ve posted before , and then a brief outline for a model from a species-inclusive point of view that flows from the teaching . """""""" long ago , men and animals and spirits and plants all communicated in the same way . then something happened . after that , humans had to speak to each other in human speech . but we retained the old language for dreams , and for communicating with spirits , animals , and plants . """""""" this is what a non-species - ist ( cheyenne ) language origin story looks like - - all of nature communicating in a common way , and then * humans * moving out of that system and doing something different , the human kind of language , but remaining still connected to the original language processes whether they know it or not . wilhelm von humbolt , founder of linguistics as a university discipline , observed : """""""" man , regarded as an animal , belongs to one of the singing species ; but his notes are always associated with ideas . """""""" non - species-ist accounts are alway inclusive and evolutionary , not exclusive . and now for a model that flows naturally from the story . 1 ) we now call * language * every """""""" natural system """""""" which has utterances ( incl . sound , gesture , chemical , etc . ) combined with meaning . 2 ) we notice that as well as this sharing , humans also have differences - - different language processes that animals do n't seem to have ( morphology & syntax ) , so we call them two processes of human-specific language , the human kind of language , or just * human language * - - but we no longer designate it by merely the bare word * language * in the old exclusivist , species-ist way . this model declares that humans partake of other processes in the more inclusive * language * as well as those of specifically * human language * , so we look for similarities between humans and animals . indeed , both have motor / gestural components and spatial syntax associated with utterances and meaning , and both ( at least those with limbic systems * * * ) modulate emotions into their utterances . and , perhaps most important of the similarities , both utter idioms ! idioms are funny critters , when you think about it ; as the george foremans of the * hidden side * of linguistics - - the part of human language that does n't work by normal human language rules - - they tend to knock out every bit of morphological and syntactic machinery they encounter , not play by the rules , and consequently can help us question our culturally condoned uniqueness attitude as well . let me explain . it struck me recently , and i ' ve never encountered anyone else discussing this similarity , that the definition of idioms or formulaic speech - - utterances whose meaning cannot be pieced together from the meanings of the pieces , but must be attached to the whole utterance - - is exactly the same as the definition for any act of non-human communication you can find in the textbooks ( for bee dances , bird songs , etc . ) . in fact this definition is perhaps why non-human beings are usually said not to have ( human ) language - - because the pieces of their utterances can't be added up to make the whole meaning the way we say we can using morphology and syntax in human language . humans and animals thus intersect in * language * , in its entire evolutionary range , at most levels - - idioms , sounds , emotions , gestures ( pheromones ? ) - - and then humans only sometimes also construct new utterances from scratch . most typically we tend to use more idioms & formulaic speech with those we know well , and use it less with strangers , with whom we tend to use more formal and public speech . bees and birds and trees tend to know each other in their groups very well and can therefore be said to use idioms in their own languaging . just like us ! - - that is , unless we want to call ourselves sub-human and merely communicating , not using language , when we use idioms and formulaic speech . this move , should you accept it , irrevocably puts humans , land animals , sea creatures , trees , and maybe more , all on the same * language * map . but can these ' wild ' speculations , however evolutionarily based , actually be accomodated within a """""""" real """""""" linguistic theory ? about 15 years ago , charles fillmore was working on a unified approach i really admire ( and perhaps it 's a partial fulfillment of the reconciliation annabel cormack called for in vol-5 - 1469 on trends in lx ) , which goes something like this ( any errors are mine ) : when we are """""""" online """""""" composing / speaking , which i now must see as similar to dan slobin 's """""""" thinking for speaking """""""" mode , our process is to ' reach ' first for a handy ready-made piece of formulaic speech , and then , failing that - - lacking a ' match ' or not liking the proffered ' match ' - - we go on to construct from scratch . nature simply does n't have the further """""""" from scratch """""""" level , but shares everything to that level . fillmore 's formulation seems to fit quite nicely the picture of the evolutionary development of language ( and its synchronic effects ) that i have attempted to sketch here . ( sorry for any embarassment my use of it may have caused you , chuck ! ) the degree to which the above species-inclusive formulations may tend to disturb you quite faithfully reflects , i would guess , the degree to which you are embedded in the institutionalized species-ism so pervasive in linguistics , since these formulations are quite possibly the first truly * alternative * origins theory you have ever seen . because language and intelligence are usually linked , this more compassionate model also has the advantage of placing intelligence in nature and not so much the burden of just human beings . with this approach , linguistics could forge an academic path toward reconcilliation between western minds and nature that could provide a powerful rationale for at least slowing down , if not stopping altogether , the current ecocide , and instituting a new-though - ancient attitude of * respect * for the intelligence of nature . no linguist who sincerely wants to understand what * language * is all about can any longer afford to ignore its deeper processes in nature - - natural language , of which human natural language is an important subset . * * * anyone wishing to see how this inclusive approach further includes brainmind research - - the relevant evolution of brain structures and of brainwave rhythms - - can contact me at dalford @ s1 . csuhayward . edu . - - moonhawk ( % - ) ) ( """""""" the fool on the hill sees the sun going down and ) ( the eyes in his head see the world spinning round """""""" ) ( - - mccartney / lennon )
  """",0
  1365,""""Subject: cuba
   
   in november i posted a query as to whether anyone on the list , particularly in the usa , had had any experience of , or problems with , communicating with cuban academics . only four people replied , which may in itself be significant . anyway , thanks to those four for their communications . to summarise : 1 . two people i know have been asked for offprints by linguists at havana university . 2 . there was an exhibition by some ' third world ' americans at the biennial contemporary art exhibition just held in cuba , reported in the november issue of ' new art examiner ' . 3 . some academics received last year a call for papers for an international conference in cuba including areas on speech processing , computational linguistics etc . the contact was : dr eloina miyares bermudez ( cmstg @ ceniai . cu ) . 4 . one respondent from the list told me that it is possible to e-mail cuba from the us . there is another source of information in the form of an e-mail list in spanish , espana - l @ albnyvm1 . bitnet , which is primarily a social list for people who speak spanish ( spanish is the language of the list ) and are spanish or interested in spain . the cuba-l list can be read and contributed to worldwide . on several occasions , a member has forwarded something from cuba to the list , including recently a cri de coeur quoting passages of the cuban constitution and demonstrating that it was actually a travesty . the original writer , a cuban , was very openly decrying the cuban constitution . the poster quoted por - tions of the constitution , then gave examples of how the regime flouts it to the harm of the cuban people and the self-aggrandizement of castro , the local police captain , or """""""" the system """""""" in general . that writer seemed to have no fear of retribution , as if the cuban list were the only safe place to speak up , and were indeed safe , unlike whispers in the corner bar . the correspondent finishes : """""""" castro can't keep cubans from speaking freely , and the us government can't keep americans from listening to or talking with the cubans . """""""" if anyone else wishes to comment , please forward your communications to me , and i ' ll produce another summary . paul . foulkes @ uk . ac . newcastle
  """",0
  1366,""""Subject: changes in the journal language
   
   the editorial staff and offices of the journal language have been changed as of this month . articles for submission and general correspondence should be sent to the following address : mark aronoff , editor language department of linguistics suny stony brook stony brook , ny 11794-4376 , usa book reviews and all correspondence concerning reviews should be sent to the following address : edwin battistella , review editor language division of humanities wayne state college wayne , ne 68787 , usa both offices may be reached by email : main office : language . eds @ sunysb . edu review office : langrev @ wscgate . wsc . edu the main office may be reached by telephone : phone : 1-516 - 632-8003 fax : 1-516 - 632-9468
  """",0
  1367,""""Subject: american dialect society
   
   thanks to anyone who answered my query about the american dialect society . respondants were : s . embleton n . maynor s . dubinsky a . faber m . bson b . kretzschmar j . sheidlower if anyone else is interested you may contact allan metcalf at : aallan @ aol . com . or you may join by writing to : ads - l @ uga . cc . uga . edu and send the message : sub ads-l the ads has also its own server : listserv @ uga . bitnet or listserv @ uga . cc . uga . edu hope that will help whoever ! thanks again , catherine caws ubc roulleau @ unixg . ubc . ca
  """",0
  1368,""""Subject: conference feb , 1 - 4 msu , moscow
   
   lomonosov state university of moscow philological faculty international conference """""""" linguistics by the end of the xxth century : achievments and perspectives """""""" . february 1 - 4 , 1995 . brief program arrival of the participants : january 31 , 1995 . registration of the participants : january 31 , 15 - 20 february 1 , 9 - 10 address : 119 899 russia , moscow , vorobjovy gory , mgu , 1 - st building of the humanities . location : metro station """""""" universitet """""""" . time - limits : 30 minutes for plenary talks 20 minutes for section talks 10 minutes for reports february , 1 ( 10 . 00 - 13 . 30 ) plenary meeting , chairs : a . e . kibrik , t . a . komova ( russia ) m . l . remnyova ( russia ) , a . e . kibrik ( russia ) , p . seriot ( france ) , d . geeraerts ( belgium ) , d . gil ( singapore ) , e . s . kubryakova ( russia ) ( 15 . 00 - 18 . 30 ) section i - history of linguistics , chair : v . s . vinogradov g . p . melnikov , l . murzin , v . rudelev , z . gabunia , a . karavanov , n . bokadorova , s . auroux section ii - general problems , chair : r . m . frumkina p . parshin , d . paillard , v . gak , i . g . nosenko , li gi yun , d . cavar , g . fanselow , c . de groot , e . klobukov , v . m . pavlov section v - morphology , chair : s . p . lopushanskaya e . sidorenko , o . rudeleva , s . pravednikov , n . spatar , v . n . shmelev , g . panova , b . ostrovsky , a . l . sharandin section vii - syntax ( subsection vii , 1 ) , chair : o . a . lapteva v . s . yurchenko , s . kiselev , n . andramonova , t . volynets , s . rylov , yu . karazhayev section vii - syntax ( subsection vii , 2 ) , chair : c . v . chvany t . janko , t . agranat , r . benacchio , t . komova , l . yermolayeva , a . muzafarova , e . rudnitskaya section viii - semantics , chair : e . m . chekalina v . gurevich , b . y . gorodetsky , a . v . bondarko , l . kapralova , v . borschev , i . olshansky , i . b . shatunovsky , l . lescheva section xi - pragmatics , chair : f . a . litvin e . sidorov , g . bogin , i . susov , t . alisova , m . l . makarov , m . vsevolodova , g . neschimenko , v . zabotkina section xiii - comparative linguistics and typology , ch . : v . khrakovsky v . tomashpolsky , m . kapitan , k . krasukhin , v . degtyarev , a . v . shirokova , s . gadzhieva , a . gulmagomedov , g . klimov , s . pavidis section xiv - psycholinguistics , chair : l . v . sakharny n . lepskaya , v . belyanin , i . arkhipov , v . volkov , v . dolinsky , n . mechkovskaya , d . spivak section xvi - ethnolinguistics , chair : l . g . babenko m . krongauz , shi-xu , n . i . tolstoy , s . m . tolstaya , o . nikitin , l . andreeva , n . gaynullina february , 2 ( 9 . 40 - 13 . 30 ) plenary meeting , chair : p . seriot ( france ) f . plank ( germany ) , r . d . van valin , jr . ( usa ) , g . g . corbett ( great britain ) , f . j . newmeyer ( usa ) , v . m . alpatov ( russia ) ( 15 . 00 - 18 . 30 ) section i - history of linguistics , chair : l . n . murzin a . g . shirokova , n . bokadorova , n . rogova , a . a . zaraysky , m . belanger , v . vinogradov section ii - general problems , chair : o . g . revzina v . dem-jankov , m . k . sabaneeva , m . kosarik , l . cherneyko , o . kamenskaya , v . bogdanov , o . revzina , r . zibrova section v - morphology , chair : a . v . bondarko e . petrukhina , m . y . chertkova , yu . knyazev , l . m . lokshtanova , f . fici giusti , a . livanova , e . remchukova section vii - syntax ( subsection vii , 3 ) , chair : b . a . abramov l . sergievskaya , v . furashov , l . osipova , r . d . kuznetsova , j . birenbaum , e . fava , l . pravikova , v . lazarev section vii - syntax ( subsection vii , 4 ) , chair : n . n . kholodov zh . mokuranguolali , v . anoschenkov , sh . akhadov , van ligan , e . larina , e . kormiltseva , t . khalmuratov , s . k . bolotova , a . alnijazov section viii - semantics , chair : v . v . gurevich l . g . vasilyev , v . li , e . chekalina , s . chernova , o . a . mikhailova , e . fotyanova , v . kasevich , e . cresti section ix - lexicology and lexicography , chair : s . d . shelov a . lykov , a . khovalkina , i . sentenberg , a . polikarpov , a . zlobin , g . petrova , a . andreevskaya , a . baranov , d . dobrovolsky , m . mikhaylov , y . - f . nosovich section x - text linguistics and discourse analysis , ch . : e . paducheva s . gindin , z . turaeva , e . goncharova , v . i . yuganov , v . koneva , n . g . komlev , s . gasparyan section xi - pragmatics , chair : i . p . susov f . litvin , n . mironova , a . romanov , o . emelyanova , k . v . kiuru , o . mungalova , n . med sec . xiii - comparative linguistics and typology , ch . : v . tomashpolsky e . squires , v . khrakovsky , n . kozintseva , a . shayhulov , a . kuklin , v . a . vinogradov section xiv - psycholinguistics , chair : s . n . tseytlin t . vizel , l . v . sakharny , a . khrolenko , l . murzin , i . cherepanova , l . zabrodina , t . vediashkina , i . ovchinnikova section xv - sociolinguistics , chair : v . a . plungyan v . p . neroznak , e . grigoryan , l . chumak , m . breiter , n . gadzhiakhmedov , e . a . kondrashkina , a . gulmagomedov , v . porkhomovsky section xvi - ethnolinguistics , chair : s . m . tolstaya l . babenko , y . kazarin , v . khimik , t . g . fedotovskikh , v . d . chernyak , i . p . shishkina section xviii - computational linguistics , chair : a . n . baranov l . kolodyazhnaya , o . zvegintseva , s . lesnikov , r . m . gaisina , e . kozerenko , e . oleynikova , l . sanzharov , z . m . shalyapina , o . zagorovskaya , t . s . zevakhina section xix - linguodidactics , chair : i . m . magidova m . zadorozhny , o . polyakov , a . aminova , e . solodukho , a . nechaeva , t . b . nazarova , e . karazhayeva february , 3 ( 9 . 40 - 13 . 30 ) plenary meeting , chair : b . comrie ( usa ) b . h . partee ( usa ) , r . m . frumkina ( russia ) , j . pinto de lima ( portugal ) , l . renzi ( italy ) , a . mustajoki ( finland ) ( 15 . 00 - 18 . 30 ) section ii - general problems , chair : v . z . dem ' jankov o . lapteva , a . zelenetsky , l . buyanova , l . a . glinkina , v . bazylev , g . ushakov , i . a . kirillova , t . g . khazagerov section iv - phonetics , chair : l . v . bondarko s . kodzasov , l . v . zlatoustova , o . krivnova , r . potapova , g . bubnova , l . lebedeva , n . zinovieva section v - morphology , chair : v . m . alpatov n . boldyrev , t . kyldybekova , r . gazizova , g . gafarova , s . lopushanskaya , d . brown , e . altabayeva , s . signorini , n . tupikova , t . b . shemeleva section vi word - formation and morphophonemics , ch . : a . i . kuznetsova i . vepreva , a . hippisley , v . nemchenko , a . kretov , i . voronina , g . nikolayev , o . i . blinova , e . balalykina , e . koryakovtseva , z . kharitonchik , l . a . kuzmin , n . golev section vii - syntax ( subsection vii , 5 ) , chair : v . s . yurchenko n . kholodov , l . kovantseva , e . larina , t . lobanova , n . mozgalova , t . monina , a . smirnova , i . stepanova section vii - syntax ( subsection vii , 6 ) , chair : i . m . kobozeva c . v . chvany , a . - m . di sciullo , ch . wilder , m . yadroff , a . cardinaletti , m . starke , g . zybatov , g . ferraresi section viii - semantics , chair : b . y . gorodetsky n . b . pimenova , m . pimenova , t . v . markelova , k . bibok , m . larionova , l . a . chernova , l . isayeva , a . faktorovich , v . degtyareva , y . pinyagin section ix - lexicology and lexicography , chair : a . g . lykov s . d . shelov , s . kushneruk , m . volodina , l . shestakova , a . lipatov , e . kovalyova , e . ivanova , a . ivanov , e . v . senko , a . a . nabebin , v . v . zhilzova sec . x - text linguistics and discourse analysis , ch . : s . i . gindin l . granovskaya , l . bednarskaya , s . syatkovsky , e . v . paducheva , o . alexandrova , e . mendzheritskaya , m . bjorklund , s . gorelikov section xi - pragmatics , chair : g . p . neschimenko z . mitrofanova , v . m . arinshtein , g . g . khazagerov , o . b . chibisova , s . alekseeva , l . zybatov , o . polyak section xii - cognitive linguistics , chair : e . s . kubryakova a . cienki , j . luchjenbroers , y . pankrats , a . a . kibrik , i . m . kobozeva , a . r . armeyeva , e . r . lassan , i . b . stern section xiv - psycholinguistics , chair : n . i . lepskaya s . n . tseytlin , n . v . khalina , n . moseichuk , t . bazzhina , e . kurziner , m . voeykova , yu . krasikov , e . n . sokolov section xv - sociolinguistics , chair : v . y . porkhomovsky v . kozhemyakina , m . grachev , a . turbin , e . beregovskaya , n . maraschio , g . romanova , t . a . fesenko , s . dubinin , r . nieuweboer section xvi - ethnolinguistics , chair : v . v . khimik a . a . pushkareva , r . komarova , t . radbil , n . sulimenko , e . v . safina , n . i . sukalenko , l . gusev section xvii - minority languages , chair : v . p . neroznak a . i . kuznetsova , o . raevskaya , d . i . edelman , a . falileev , t . kluyeva , w . winter , o . kazakevich section xix - linguodidactics , chair : t . b . nazarova v . avramova , o . smirnova , a . metsa , h . vissak , e . borisova , i . morozova february , 4 ( 9 . 40 - 13 . 30 ) section ii - general problems , chair : v . g . gak n . aroutyunova , e . s . lebedeva , a . bartoshevich , n . kudrina , n . blokhina , n . kholodov , j . a . poupynin sec . iii - linguistics of the xxist century , ch . : t . m . nikolayeva a . e . kibrik , a . dulichenko , a . kretov , a . krivonosov , a . leontiev , u . a . sorokin , r . piotrovsky section iv - phonetics , chair : l . v . zlatoustova m . raevsky , c . sappok , v . lublinskaya , l . v . bondarko , l . zubkova , p . skrelin , v . i . kuznetsov section v - morphology , chair : e . v . klobukov d . yelovkov , n . d . kruchinkina , m . vezerova , e . siverina , o . romanova , a . kopeliovich , v . kulpina , l . vanelli section vii - syntax ( subsection vii , 7 ) , chair : y . g . birenbaum e . grigor ' yan , v . sergeeva , a . jioeva , s . postnikova , a . m . chepasova section vii - syntax ( subsection vii , 8 ) , chair : n . a . andramonova l . bogdanova , b . abramov , a . vlasova , g . k . khamzina , s . kabanova section ix - lexicology and lexicography , chair : v . p . belyanin n . alefirenko , t . z . cherdantseva , i . butenko , v . didkovskaya , o . y . mashina , a . zhukov , e . e . ivanov , a . khusnutdinov , v . a . kuzmenkova sec . x text linguistics and discourse analysis , ch . : o . v . alexandrova v . lo cascio , yu . zotov , v . krasnykh , v . medvedkin , l . luzina , z . karmanova , b . v . krivenko , e . nizhegorodova , m . subbotina section xii - cognitive linguistics , chair : y . g . pankrats m . moneglia , m . riabova , l . grishayeva , g . g . gizdatov , l . shelyakhovskaya , a . abdulfanova , e . v . pokrovskaya , v . plungyan , e . rakhilina ( 15 . 00 - 19 . 00 ) plenary meeting , chair : g . corbett ( great britain ) , j . s . gruber ( canada ) , b . comrie ( usa ) , j . van der auwera ( belgium ) , c . lehmann ( germany ) , t . nikolayeva ( russia )
  """",0
  1369,""""Subject: 
   
   syntax marcus maia . the comprehension of object anaphora in brazilian portuguese . usc . 1994 . distributed by gsil publications , usc . this thesis examines the comprehension of the empty category and the third person lexical pronoun in object position in brazilian portuguese ( bp ) . experimental results show that the processing of bp overt and nonovert objects is consistent with the leading idea underlying the overt pronoun constraint ( opc ) proposed by montalbetti ( 84 ) . experiment 1 compares the processing of overt pronouns and empty categories in object position in bp in structures in which these anaphors are a - bound by a subject and in structures in which they are a - bar-bound by a topic . results from 48 bp speakers indicate reactivation of the antecedents only by topic-bound gaps and by subject-bound overt pronouns in experiment 2 , the difference between the coreferential vs . bound readings in bp is further investigated by comparing the possibility of the strict and sloppy readings for the overt pronoun and the gap in object position . based on these experimental results , we argue for the classification of the bp null object as an instance of a null epithet , an empty r - expression with pronominal properties . the experiments are also informative with relation to several theoretical psycholinguistic issues . for more information , please contact gsil publications gsil @ scf . usc . edu south asian langs pan-asiatic linguistics : proceedings of the third international symposium on language and linguistics . chulalongkorn university , bangkok , thailand . 8-10 january 1992 . 1482 pp . ( 3 vol . ) . us $ 53 . 00 ( cloth ) including postage by airmail . the set contains 118 papers presented at the symposium . the papers deal with languages spoken in every part of asia with emphasis on southeast asian languages . areas covered are phonetics , phonology , morphology , syntax , diachronic studies , sociolinguistics , language contact , typology , neurolinguistics , psycholinguistics , and natural language processing . available from wholesale department , university bookstore , chulalongkorn university , phyathai road , bangkok 10330 , thailand . ( bank draft or international money order only . )
  """",0
  1370,""""Subject: kant and innateness
   
   references to innateness in kant are not easy to find , but here is one that is relevant to the current controversy regarding linguistic """""""" realism """""""" vs . """""""" conceptualism . """""""" a middle course may be proposed bewtween the two above mentioned , namely , that the categories are neither self-thought first principles apriori of our knowledege nor derived from experience , but sujective dispositions of thought , implanted in us from the first momement , so ordered by our creator that their employment is in complete harmony with the laws of nature in accordance with which experience proceeds - - a kind of preformation-system of pure reason . . . there is this decisive ojection . . . that the necessity of the categories . . . then would have to be sacrificed . ( b167-168 . _ critique of pure reason _ trans . kemp smith . ) noam chomsky observes that """""""" rationalist """""""" as well as """""""" empiricist """""""" theories of language incorporate """""""" innate dispositions . """""""" ( _ reflections on language _ . pantheon . 1975 . p . 215 ) whether the logical modalities enter the linguistic picture is uncertain , but one can imagine that on some formulation of minimality the connection with economy of derivation may be necessary in some sense , to choose a possible example just for the purpose of illustration . if so , then such modalities may not exclude """""""" psychologism """""""" in linguistics and with it conceptualism ala chomsky . one consequence would be that arguments against extending linguistic """""""" psychologism """""""" to logic would not be barred for the fregean reasons sometimes cited by linguists ( e . g . katz and postal in _ linguistics and philosophy _ . 14 , 1991 . p . 520 . the importance of kant for the history of the philosophy of linguistics is not innateness , rather it is in recognizing that concepts are rules . ( ibid . a106 ) . these rules allow the identification of the forms of """""""" judgments . """""""" within a framework of rules ( """""""" principles """""""" ) and parameters , kant 's view of concepts takes on special significance , eventually pointing toward a possible resolution of the question of the place of linguistics within science . steven bayne ( grad student ) uconn , linguistics stevenbayne @ delphi . com
  """",0
  1371,""""Subject: sum : words that are their own opposites , pt . 1
   
   in november , i posted a query about what i referred to as """""""" auto-antonymy """""""" , the semantic state of a word being its own opposite , either changing its meaning through time or having two opposite meanings at the same time . an example of the former is """""""" resent """""""" which used to mean """""""" appreciate """""""" as in the following quotations taken from the oxford english dictionary : 1702 c . mather magn . chr . iii . i . iii . ( 1852 ) 309 if she gratefully resented that small thing for the sake of the hand it came from . 1765 warburton in w . & hurd lett . ( 1809 ) 360 , i was sure that this instance of his friendship to you would ever be warmly resented by you . 1829 webster lett . ( 1902 ) 617 , i shall resent through life ( to use an expression of boyle 's ) your unwearied and affecting kindness to me . a word that has two opposite meanings simultaneously is """""""" fast """""""" , which means steady , not moving , and at high speed . i asked what the proper term for this phenomenon is , and made a call for other examples of this phenomenon in english and other languages . additionally , i asked whether this a phenomenon that can be rightfully classed with other regular forms of polysemy ( metonymy , metaphor ) and language change , or is it always a curious accident . thanks to the kind responses of linguists around the world , i now know six established names for """""""" auto-antonymy """""""" , i have a collection of many interesting examples , and i have been apprised of a dual phenomenon : synonyms that look like antonyms . these linguistic riches will be shared in the following screens . first , the terminology . dirk geeraerts writes that the phenomenon """""""" is known in the older tradition of historical semantics as ( antiphrasis ) or < enantiosemy > """""""" . miriam shlesinger and m . lynne murphy noted that such words are sometimes called ( janus words ) , after the two-faced greek mythic figure . larry horn , renowned historian of negation , said the phenomenon had been dubbed ( antilogy ) by john train in his 1980 book """""""" remarkable words with astonishing origins . david gamon offered the term ( enantiodromia ) for : the diachronic process of acquiring an ' opposite ' meaning , and i suppose a : word having two such meanings would be an ( enantiodrome ) . i learned this , : by the way , from professor matisoff here at berkeley . bob fradkin noted that arabic has a word ( didh ) ( plural < addhaadh > ) for """""""" a whole category of words that mean ' itself and its opposite . ' """""""" frankly , i think that all of these terms - - antiphrasis , enantiosemy , janus word , antilogy , enantiodromia ( not to mention didh ) - - are quite opaque to the modern english ear , and the word i coined , """""""" auto-antonym """""""" just says it all , and that 's the term i ' ll use for the remainder of this post . now that i ' ve whetted your appetite for some auto-antonymy , here are the examples i received : the top entry , submitted by practically everybody , is the classic example ( cleave ) which means to bring together as well as to cut apart . < splice > and ( clip ) , mentioned less often , operate the same way . another popular word was ( sanction ) , which as a noun means a punitive action and as a verb means to endorse . ( let ) is similar , also meaning to allow , but formerly meaning to prevent . the latter meaning survives in the idioms """""""" without let or hindrance """""""" and in """""""" a let ball """""""" . kevin rottet notes a similar phenomenon in french , with the word ( defendre ) meaning ' to defend ' and ' to prohibit ' . many mentioned """""""" overlook """""""" or """""""" oversight """""""" which can mean to look at something carefully as well as to miss something . jane edwards notes that german translation ( versehen ) has the same properties . speaking of german , bernd moebius writes : in german , ' kontrahent ' today means ' opponent ' ( e . g . , often used in sports ) [ . . . . ] there is , however , the rather uncommon use of ' kontrahent ' for two parties sharing a contract , like the english ' contractor ' . karen baumer wins the prize for sending in the most entries . these had been collected by her colleagues at the apple newton project . i give you a selection of the ones not mentioned previously : ) > > aught = all , nothing ) > > bill = invoice , money ) > > comprise = contain , compose ) > > custom = usual , special ) > > dust = to remove , add fine particles ) > > literally = actually , figuratively ) > > model = archetype , copy ) > > moot = debatable , academic ) > > note = promise to pay , money ) > > peer = noble , person of equal rank ) > > put = lay , throw ) > > puzzle = pose problem , solve problem ) > > quantum = very small , very large ( quantum leap ) ) > > ravel = entangle , disentangle ) > > resign = to quit , to sign up again ) > > sanguine = murderous , optimistic ) > > scan = to examine closely , to glance at quickly ) > > set = fix , flow ) > > skin = to cover with , remove outer covering ) > > strike = miss ( baseball ) , hit ) > > table = propose [ british ] , set aside ) > > temper = calmness , passion ) > > trim = cut things off , put things on ) > > a very short list of homophones : ) > > aural , oral = heard , spoken ) > > raise , raze = erect , tear down ) > > ) > > a pair of french words which can be very confusing : ) > > la symetrie ( symmetry ) and l ' asymetrie ( asymmetry ) . ) > > ) > > latin : ) > > immo = yes , no baumer also notes : an example that comes to mind is the word ' prove , ' whose older meaning ' to test ' has been pretty much lost , giving rise to an apparent paradox in the expression """""""" the exception proves the rule . """""""" there were quite a few examples from shakespeare . julie vonwiller explains , ( presently ) in shakespeare meant ' immediately ' whereas now it means ' not immediately but i ' ll get round to it ' . roger hurwitz reminds us of shakespeare 's ( nunnery ) , which , in the phrase """""""" get thee to a nunnery """""""" referred not to a place of piety , but a house of ill repute . sue blackwell , pointed me to """""""" as you like it """""""" , wherein jacques de boys complains : """""""" rumination wraps me in a most ( humourous ) sadness . """""""" not at all funny . blackwell adds that ( silly ) used to mean """""""" blessed """""""" . here are some examples in other languages that have no parallels in english : an example from dutch : """""""" ettelijk """""""" . most native speakers ( everybody ) thinks it means """""""" many , much """""""" , but the authoritative dictionary ( van dale ) says it means """""""" ( a ) little , ( a ) few """""""" . or at least that is what the dictionary said 10 or 15 years ago ( and our professor of dutch used to """""""" catch """""""" us on this one ) . now for the sake of this message i went to look again in a new version of van dale and it says both ! see the evolution ? - - patricia haegeman a swedish example is the verb """""""" maximera """""""" ( ' maximize ' ) . the traditional meaning is 's et an upper limit to ' , but now it is also being used in the sense ' make as large as possible ' , probably due to english influence . - - mats eeg-olofsson there 's a strange case in the sahidic dialect of coptic : """""""" ehrai """""""" means both """""""" upwards """""""" and """""""" downwards """""""" . the former derives from egyptian h . ry """""""" upper part """""""" ( in which h . represents a pharyngial fricative ) , the latter derives from egyptian h _ ry """""""" lower part """""""" ( in which h _ was probably a palatal fricative ) . the distinction between h . and h _ was lost in coptic . - - lance eccles , maquarie university , australia i think that 's enough for now . in a future posting i will summarize the linguistic wisdom on the regularity of the phenomenon . - - alex eulenberg ( aeulenbe @ indiana . edu ) - - indiana university
  """",0
  1372,""""Subject: qs : ideal reference grammars
   
   content - length : 15848 dear fellow linguist , if you are a user of reference grammars and are willing to invest some seven or ten minutes , you can contribute to shaping the format of an electronic framework for reference grammars we are about to develop . we are eager to have your opinion on what a good reference grammar should look like . for that purpose we have formulated a set of multiple choice questions plus some open questions , divided into four major groups : quantity , quality , organisation , ergonomy of reference grammar . if you have more than ten minutes , we would be happy to have your reactions also to the starred questions at the end of each group . the linear order of the questions does not correspond to a degree of relevance for us or the project . at the end of the questionnaire we ask you for your opinion on the relative importance of the different factors . to answer the multiple choice questions , please type an ' x ' between the appropriate pair of brackets . square brackets ' [ ] ' indicate that you should choose only one of the answers to the given question , parentheses ' ( ) ' indicate that you may choose several answers . subquestions are marked by inden - tation : if you have checked the superordinate question , please answer the subquestions as well . we will post a summary as soon as your answers have been evaluated . please send the completed questionnaire to the following address : pichler @ informatik . uni-muenchen . de thank you very much for your cooperation , the munich avg team roman pichler christian stroemsdoerfer vladimir tourovsky dietmar zaefferer = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 1 quantity = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 1 . 1 what do you expect a good reference grammar to contain ? [ ] grammar without lexicon [ ] grammar and lexicon 1 . 2 which subsystems of the language do you expect to be described in a good reference grammar ? ( ) phonetics ( ) phonology ( ) orthography ( ) morphology ( ) syntax ( ) semantics ( ) pragmatics ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 . 3 what kind of data do you expect to find in a good reference grammar ? ( ) examples ( ) interlinear morpheme translations ( imt 's ) ( ) text corpus ( ) pictures ( ) voice recordings ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 . 4 what should a lexicon included in the grammar ( if any ) contain at least ? ( ) all the words in the examples and the corpus ( ) the swadesh list ( ) all the function words ( ) 500 lexical entries ( ) 1000 lexical entries ( ) more , please specify : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 . 5 what sort of further information do you expect to find in a good reference grammar ? ( ) diachronical information ( ) genetic information ( ) information on the geographical area ( ) typological information ( ) description of language varieties ( ) negative information ( on absent phenomena ) ( ) socio - linguistic information ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * 1 . 6 what kind of bibliography do you expect to find in a good reference grammar ? [ ] a list of the referenced books and articles [ ] a list of the referenced books and articles plus considerations for further reading [ ] a thorough , commented list of books and articles , [ ] ordered by alphabet [ ] ordered by the following subjects : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 2 quality = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 2 . 1 what sort of intention do you expect from the author of a good reference grammar ? [ ] descriptive [ ] prescriptive [ ] both 2 . 2 what kind of description do you expect from a good reference grammar ? [ ] synchronical [ ] diachronical [ ] both , but primarily [ ] synchronical [ ] diachronical [ ] i do n't care , because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 . 3 what do you expect about the theoretical background of a good reference grammar ? [ ] it should not be bound to a specific linguistic theory [ ] it should stick to a specific linguistic theory , and [ ] it does n't matter which [ ] preferably to the following : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [ ] preferably not to the following : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 . 4 how do you expect linguistic forms and functions to be presented in a good reference grammar ? [ ] descriptions of forms ( expressions ) and functions ( meanings ) should be strictly separated . [ ] forms and functions should be described together . [ ] i do n't consider description of linguistic forms to be a necessary part of a good reference grammar . [ ] i do n't consider description of linguistic functions to be a necessary part of a good reference grammar . [ ] this question does not bother me at all . 2 . 5 what kind of terminology do you expect to be used in a good reference grammar ? [ ] mainly traditional terminology [ ] whatever is suitable for the language described [ ] a specific terminological system : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * 2 . 6 what sort of data do you expect to find in a good reference grammar ? [ ] only data drawn from a corpus . [ ] only data based on a corpus ( i . e . examples may be simplified ) . [ ] i also accept data based on the introspective insights of ( ) a native linguist ( ) a non-native linguist . * 2 . 7 what kind of justification to you expect in a good reference grammar ? [ ] no justification of the statements is necessary . [ ] statements should be exemplified with real-world examples . [ ] statements should be explained ( made plausible ) . [ ] statements should be supported by the theoretical framework . [ ] statements should be justified with cross-linguistic data ( if possible ) . * 2 . 8 please give your general expectations on the contents of the chapters that describe the subsystsems you chose under 1 . 2 above : phonetics : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phonology : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ orthography : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ morphology : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ syntax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ semantics : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pragmatics : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 3 organisation of the grammar = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 3 . 1 give your preferred order of the chapters that describe the subsystsems you chose under 1 . 2 above : [ ] same order as in 1 . 2 [ ] order as follows : 1 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 . 2 which additional ordering principles should be observed in a good reference grammar ? ( ) from the simple cases to the complex ones . ( ) first the grammar , then the lexicon . ( ) other : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 . 3 what information retrieval tools do you expect to find in a good reference grammar ? ( ) table of contents ( ) index of linguistic terms ( ) index of names ( ) index of languages ( ) index of tables ( ) index of abbreviations ( ) index of symbols ( ) index of words ( ) cross - references within the grammar ( ) cross - linguistic references ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 . 4 what kind of structural organisation do you expect in a good reference grammar ? ( ) chapters ( ) paragraphs ( ) introductions : ( ) to the whole grammar ( ) to the main chapters ( ) to each single chapter ( ) summaries * 3 . 5 what kind of metainformation do you expect to find in a good reference grammar ? ( ) information on the theoretical background of the author ( ) information on the terminology used ( ) information on the research situation of the author and on the field methodology used ( ) information on the general research situation of the language described ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 4 ergonomy = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 4 . 1 which ergonomical means do you expect to find in a good reference grammar ? ( ) pure text ( ) tables and paradigms ( ) graphics ( ) maps ( ) illustrations ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 . 2 what media do you prefer a good reference grammar to be presented in ? ( ) books ( ) electronic media ( ) i do n't care ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * 4 . 3 which metalanguage do you expect a good reference grammar to be written in ? ( ) english ( ) spanish ( ) russian ( ) french ( ) german ( ) chinese ( ) other : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * 4 . 4 what kind of layout features do you prefer ? * 4 . 4 . 1 font size ( body text ) : [ ] ) 12 points [ ] 12 points [ ] 10 points [ ] ( 10 points * 4 . 4 . 2 font type : [ ] times roman ( proportional serif font ) [ ] helvetica ( proportional sans serif font ) [ ] courier ( mono-spaced typewriter-like serif font ) [ ] gothic ( mono-spaced typewriter-like sans serif font ) [ ] others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * 4 . 4 . 3 font styles : ( ) bold ( ) italics ( ) underlined ( ) small caps ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * 4 . 4 . 4 font usage : [ ] use one font for everything [ ] use different fonts / font styles for ( ) headings ( ) body text ( ) examples ( ) structural translations ( ) literal translations ( ) footnotes ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 5 importance of parameters = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 5 . 1 please give a priority ranking from 1 ( = """""""" very important """""""" ) to 5 ( = """""""" rather unimportant """""""" ) to the following criteria as defined in the sections above : 1 2 3 4 5 quantity ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) quality ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) organisation ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ergonomy ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) * 5 . 2 please choose the 10 most important questions of the above list and give them a priority ranking from 1 ( = """""""" very important """""""" ) to 5 ( = """""""" not so important """""""" ) . you can refer to the questions simply by the appropriate number ( e . g . """""""" 4 . 4 """""""" ) . 1 2 3 4 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 6 examples = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ( ) my favorite reference grammars are : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) the following reference grammars are quite acceptable : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 7 personal information = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone / fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * main interests _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * practical experience ( field work , etc . ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * preferred theoretical framework _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * present projects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * i use the following operating system ( s ) : ( ) os2 ( ) dos ( ) windows ( ) apple macintosh ( ) unix : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * i use the following software products : ( ) word processor : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) spreadsheet : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) database : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) hypertext : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) graphics programs : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) programming languages : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( ) others : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dietmar zaefferer institut fuer deutsche philologie phone : + 49 89 2180 2060 ( office ) universitaet muenchen + 49 89 36 66 75 ( home ) schellingstr . 3 fax : + 49 89 2180 3871 ( office ) d-80799 muenchen germany email : ue303bh @ sun1 . lrz-muenchen . de
  """",0
  1373,""""Subject: request for information
   
   dear colleague the national terminology services ( nts ) of south africa is looking for a terminology management system which will be able to accommodate all 11 official languages . some of the african languages have special diacritics not yet available in commercial software . attached you will find the rfi from the nts . please pass it on to anyone who might be interested . the rather bulky user requirement specification will be e-mailed to interested parties as soon as they request it . please take note of the closing date of 29 may . we appreciate your help in this matter . yours sincerely ms milde jordaan - weiss ms milde jordaan - weiss national terminology services department of arts , culture , science and technology private bag x894 0001 pretoria republic of south africa tel + 27 12 314-6165 fax + 27 12 325-4943
  """",0
  1374,""""Subject: machine usable dictionary
   
   as you may know from postings i have made to this list over the last couple of months , derek bickerton and i are developing a parser based on a theory of syntax that he and i have been developing over the last four years . we are about to purchase a machine usable dictionary with approximately 70 , 000 entries for $ 2500 . if anyone could advise us whether or not that is our best bet , or where we might find other dictionaries , we would appreciate hearing from you . we are currently working with a dictionary of under 1000 words , so it is imperative that we obtain a larger one , so we may begin working with larger corpora . toward that end we would also like to find out which texts were used in past parsing competitions and where the results of these competitions are published . we believe that with a few weeks of work we should be able to modify a dictionary sufficiently to allow us to begin experinmenting with texts that were used in past parsing competitions . here are the specs the parser . it is based on a series of algorithms that have been four years in the making , but the programming required to create this parser has only taken 300 hours using c + + . there areapproximately 3000 lines of code that take up 150k executable on disk . about 100k of ram is required to run the parser . 30k on disk is required for a 300 word dictionary . an average sentence takes under 4 seconds to process on a 486 ibm compatible . since this is only a development version , we expect these numbers to change . to date , no optimizations have occurred , and we expect to significantly shrink the dictionary disk usage and the execution time . phil bralich bralich @ uhccux . uhcc . hawaii . edu
  """",0
  1375,""""Subject: parallel corpora
   
   content - length : 2194 dear linguists , a short time ago , i posted to the list a query on parallel corpora . since answers are still comming in , i will not give a summary of the answers at this point . ( however , a summary will be given as soon as i have gathered all answers ) . due to e-mail problems , i believe some e-mail messages must have been lost . so , i give here below the list of the people whose messages i have received . if you have written me and your name is not included here , please re-send your answer to my personal address ! i also repeat here the original query for those who have not already seen it . list of addresses of people who have answered : kemmer @ ruf . rice . edu barlow @ ruf . rice . edu bert . peeters @ modlang . utas . edu . au estival @ divsun . unige . ch r . m . salkie @ bton . ac . uk bernard @ ccnet . up . ac . za macrakis @ asf . org ingria @ bbn . com the original message is the following : ) dear linguists , ) ) i am involved in a project concerning parallel text-corpora , and ) i would like to know if anybody has already had any experience on ) the matter . specifically , i would like to know if there already ) are any efforts ongoing ( or completed ! ) about specs for parallel ) corpora , for representation issues , text typology etc . ) ) if anybody has the time to answer my query i would greatly appreciate ) it ! please reply to my personal address . sorry to those who have seen this message again ! thank you all , maria gavrilidou institute for language and speech processing athens , greece
  """",0
  1376,""""Subject: synthetic compounds summary
   
   dear colleagues , in april i sent a query to linguist about synthetic compounds . i received over 30 replies . i have tried to respond personally to all of the replies , but a couple of my messages bounced . i apologize to anyone i missed . i appreciated all of the response i received . i am proud to be a part of intellectual community where so many people are eager to share their hard won knowledge . a summary of what i have learned follows . it can be divided into four parts . part 1 presents some questions about what i had taken as given in my initial query . part 2 consists of a bibliography of works that i and others have found useful in our research on compounds . part 3 . is a table showing the data i have so far . i encourage you to look over it may surprise you or you may disagree with what i say about your favorite language ( if you do please write me , i know very little about most of these languages and have no way of judging if what i have read about them is the widely accepted view . in part 4 i explain the project i am currently working on and make yet another call for data ( no matter how much i get i want more ) . i hope that this summary is useful for most of you and interesting to at least some . part 1 : i got some very interesting replies to my query which instead of or in addition to offering data , questioned the very notion of synthetic compounds that i had based my query on . my post was as follows : i am looking for information on synthetic compounds like the english """""""" truck driver """""""" and the french """""""" essuie-glace """""""" where one element of the compound is a verbal and the other element is interpreted as its object . i am trying to find out if there is any connection between the ordering of the elements in these compounds and the ordering of the elements in a vp . i already have information on how these compounds are formed and used in english , french , spanish , italian , dutch , igbo , and jacaltec , but have been unable , despite hours in the library , to find information on other languages . the questions fell into two main categories ? 1 . what did i mean by """""""" synthetic """""""" compounds ? on the surface this seems like a simple terminological question but it goes much deeper than that . in researching this type of compounds i have seen them called by any number of names ; deverbals , verbals , v + n , v + o , nominalizations . . . . . i do n't know where the term """""""" synthetic """""""" comes from i just use it because it was the one i was taught . each of these terms has its own merits and faults and reflects the theory of compounding the user ascribes to , which is all well and good but it makes research in this area very difficult . another problem arising in part from or simply reflected in the plethora of terms for this type of compounds is the fact that no two linguists define the group in the same way . for some a synthetic compound can only be made up of a verbal and noun that can be interpreted as its direct object ( dishwasher , face painting ) for others the noun can be an oblique object as well ( theater goer ) and other will call any compound with a verbal element a synthetic ( examining room ) . for the purposes of my current work i am only interested in the first type ( v + do ) , in fact only the subset where the compound is understood to be a person or object that preforms the action ie . a dishwasher : something / one that washes dishes . 2 . why did i think that """""""" driver """""""" of """""""" truck driver """""""" was a """""""" verb """""""" it is obviously a """""""" noun """""""" ? why was n't i looking at the ordering of nps instead of that of vps ? admittedly at first glance the compound """""""" truck driver """""""" does seem to be made up of two nouns """""""" truck """""""" and """""""" driver """""""" . in fact i cannot at this point think of any compelling argument against this view except that words like """""""" driver """""""" tend to be semantically weak and except in a few case like that of """""""" driver """""""" unless they appear as part of a compound they have no meaning out of context . compare """""""" grower """""""" with """""""" apple grower """""""" . the french compounds present even better support for the verb based view . the """""""" essuie """""""" of """""""" essuie-glace """""""" ( windshield-wiper ) is a straight forward verb form . there is no french noun """""""" essuie """""""" ( * wiper ) thus french synthetics at least cannot be n + n compounds , and if we want a unified theory of synthetics then english synthetics cannot be n + n either . if you want to comment on either of these questions , please do so directly to linguist . i think either of them could lead to a good general debate and i have already said all i have to say about these subjects at the moment . part 2 : synthetic compound bibliography ( warning some citations are incomplete , i hope this does n't cause anyone too much trouble ) adams , valerie . an introduction to modern english word - formation . new york : longman bauer , laurie . english word formation . cambridge : cambridge university press ( 1983 ) - - - . the grammar of nominal compounding : with special reference to danish , english , and french . odense : odense university press , ( 1978 ) . beard , robert . lexeme - morpheme base morphology . suny press ( this summer ) booij , g . and t . van haaften . """""""" on the external syntax of derived words : evidence from dutch . """""""" yearbook of morphology 1 . ( 1988 ) : 29-44 . chao , yuen - ren . a grammar of spoken chinese . berkeley : university of california press . ( 1968 ) ( pages 415-434 ) chi , telee r . ra study of verb - object compounds in mandrin chinese in thompson , s . a . & lord , c . ( 1974 ) approaches to the lexicon . ucla papers in syntax , # 6 . los angeles : university of california press . - - - . a lexical analysis of verb - noun compounds in mandrin chinese . taipei : crane publishing co . ( 1985 ) . chung , karen steffen . verb + noun function describing compounds . bulletin of the college of liberal arts , national taiwan university no 41 ( 1994 ) 181-222 craig , c . the jacaltec language . bloomington : indiana university press , 1973 ( has a nice section on word formation ) darmesteter , arsene . traite de la formation des mots composes dans la langue francais comparee aux autres langues romanes et au latin . paris : librairie honore campion ( reprint of 1893 work ) ( 1967 ) drapeau , lynn . aspects de la morphologie du nom en montagnais . thesis . universite de montreal . ( 1979 ) . - - - . """""""" les noms composses en montagnais """""""" recherches linguistiques a montreal : montreal working papers vol . 12 , may 1979 linguistique amerindinenne i : syntax algonquienne gavarro , anna . syntactic theory and the grammar of catalan compounding . dissertation university of edinburgh ( 1990 ) greenberg , gerald r . """""""" stress in polish compounds . """""""" lingua : international review of general linguistics . 70 : 2 - 3 ( nov . 1986 ) : 163-170 . koptjevskaja - tanm , maria . nominalizations . new york : routledge , 1993 . lehmann , w . p . """""""" proto - indo - european compounds in relation to other proto - indo european syntactic patterns . """""""" acta linguistica hafniensia 1969 , 3-20 . lehmann , ( w . p . ) ? theoretical basis of indo - european linguistics . routledge ( 1993 ) ( pages recomended to me 64 , 148-50 , 255 - 6 ) leiber . r . """""""" phrasal compounds in english and the morphology - syntax interface . """""""" papers from the parasession on agreement in grammatical theory . 202-22 . - - - . """""""" argument linking and compounds in english . """""""" linguistic inquiry vol 14 ( 1983 ) - - - . deconstructing morphology ( 1992 ) leonard , rosemary . the interpretation of english noun sequences on the computer . amsterdam : north holland ( 1984 ) levi , judith . """""""" the syntax and semantics of complex nominals """""""" in studies in modern hebrew syntax and semantics ed cole north holland publishing ( 1976 ) pgs . 9-55 . li , c . n . and s . a . thompson . mandrin chinese : a functional reference grammar . berkeley : university of california press . ( pages 73-81 ) lloyd , paul m . verb - complement compounds in spanish . tubingen : max miemeyer verlag . ( 1968 ) nwaozuzu , g . i . """""""" nominal compounds in igbo . """""""" afrika und ubersee : sprachen kulturen . 70 : 2 , 225-244 . selkirk , elisabeth o . the syntax of words . cambridge , ma : mit press , 1982 . spencer , andrew . morphological theory . oxford : basil blackwell , 1991 thiele , johannes . la formation des mots en francais moderne . translated by andr clas . montreal : presses de l ' universite de montreal , 1987 . varela , soledad . """""""" the organization of the lexical component : noun - compounds in spanish . """""""" acta linguistica scientiarum hungaricae . 1986 , 36 : 1 - 4 . 235-44 . vogel , irene . """""""" phonological evidence for level ordering in italian word formation . """""""" acta linguistica scientiarum hungaricae . 1986 , 36 : 1 - 4 . 245-260 . vogel , ( irene ) ? and ? napoli . the verbal component in italian compounds . in proceedings of the linguistic symposium on romance languages xxii . eds jon amastae , grant goodall , and mario montabetty . philadelphia : john benjamins ( to appear ) wilco , g . ter stal and paul e . van der vet . two - level semantic compounds . wonderly ( 1951 ) international journal of applied linguistics zwanenburg , ? . """""""" morphological heads : french compounding and germanic prefixation """""""" in theoretical analyses in romance linguistics eds laeufer and morgan . part 3 the following table summarizes the data from all the languages examined . """""""" ? """""""" indicates holes in the data language vp order compound order v affixed n affixed pie ov ov ? ? sanskrit ov ov ? ? latin free / ov ov ? ? french vo vo no no italian vo vo no yes spanish vo vo no yes english vo ov yes no dutch vo ov yes no german vo ov yes no danish vo ov yes no swedish vo ov yes no icelandic vo ov yes no russian free ov yes no serbo - croatian free / vo vo yes yes polish vo vo yes no welsh vo vo yes yes ov yes no igbo vo vo yes no jacaltec vo vo yes no pulaar vo vo yes yes finnish vo ov yes yes west armenian ov ov ? no mandrin chinese ? vo no ? irish gaelic vo vo yes ? thai svo svo ? ? galacian vo vo ? no / yes hebrew vo vo yes ? no czech ? vo ? ? japanese ? ov yes ? if your favorite language ( s ) is ( are ) missing or you disagree with what i have here please read the next section and send me the data i need to set things right . part 4 in the paper i am currently working on i amattempting to see which of two theories makes the correct predictions about the surface form of synthetic compounds . the first theory , based on hawkins view of parsing , predicts that the surface form of synthetics will differ as much as possible in ordering and affixation from the corresponding vp so that the listener will not confuse the two . the second theory , based on any number of generative theories of word formation , predicts that synthetics and vps will be as similar as possible so that the derivation of synthetics will be as simple as possible . thus english with the affix - er and different word orders for synthetics and vps conforms with the first theory and french with a similar ordering conforms with the second . basically i need data from as many languages as possible in order to see which of the two theories makes the most accurate prediction . i am putting severe limits on the data which i am considering . i am only looking a one subset of synthetics , those with an agentive reading . by this i mean compounds indicating people or instruments that are the agent of the corresponding vp , like the english """""""" truck driver """""""" and """""""" dishwasher """""""" or the french """""""" porte-parole """""""" and """""""" essuie-glace """""""" . i chose this subset because it is the most semantically distinct from the vp . the problems caused by a listener confusing agentive compounds and the vps would be the more severe than with any other subset and thus this is the environment where one would most expect to see evidence for the first theory . if the first theory does indeed make correct predictions , i might consider other types of synthetics and try to see if there is any type of hierarchy within synthetics based on how semantically distinct they are from their corresponding vps . however that is later , for now i just need data about agentive synthetics . if you are willing to send me data on any of the languages missing above please include at least 1 . the name of the language in question ( so i can look it up to get other typological information ) 2 . two or more examples with a morpheme by morpheme gloss and a free gloss 3 . simple sentences with the corresponding vps glossed as above 4 . the plural and feminine forms of examples if they exist 5 . and a judgement of how productive this compounding process is in the language 6 . any other comments you think are helpful for example french ( francais ) ( l ' ) essuie-glace """""""" wipe ( v stem / 3rd sing ( depending on analysis ) - glass ( n stem ( sg / fem ) ) """""""" """""""" windshield wiper ( n sg masc ) """""""" ( le ) porte-parole """""""" carry ( v stem ) - speech ( n stem ) """""""" spokesman ( n sg masc ) """""""" il essuie la glace . """""""" he ( nom ) wipes ( 3rd sing pres ) the ( fem sing ) glass ( fem sing ) ? elle porte la parole . """""""" she ( nom ) carries ( 3rd sing pres ) the ( fem sing ) speech ( fem sing ) . les essuie-glaces ( pl ) no fem exists les porte-paroles ( pl ) la porte-parole ( fem ) this pattern is very productive in french especially with - er verbs . these compounds are always masculine regardless of the gender of the nominal element . """""""" essuie """""""" and """""""" porte """""""" independently can only be interpreted as verb stems of 3rd singular pres . they cannot be used as nouns or adjectives . phillipe barbaud at universite du quebec a montreal wrote a nice paper ( the name of which escapes me ) on french compounds in the late 80 's thanks again to all those who replied to my first query . i hope this summary has been of some use . heather anderson hmanders @ indiana . edu 322 memorial hall iu bloomington , in 47405
  """",0
  1377,""""Subject: sum : x - rays and acoustic signals
   
   dear linguist members , some weeks ago i published a request for information about methods of measuring movements of the articulating organs . within this field i was especially interested in x - ray documentation and films . alice faber ( faber @ haskins . yale . edu ) wrote that """""""" back in the 1960 's the center for applied linguistics here in the us made a set of such films of ' exotic ' languages . we have a set here at haskins , . . . """""""" caroline smith reported on another method of measurement . she wrote that a method of measurement which works on the basis of electromagnetism was used by """""""" the people at the institut fuer phonetik und sprachliche kommunikation der universitaet muenchen , who are the world leaders in electromagneticarticulography ( fipkm @ phonetik . uni-muenchen . de ) . """""""" bob port ( port @ cs . indiana . edu ) from indiana reports on """""""" x - ray microbeam data at univ of wisconsin . """""""" and continues """""""" there is now a large amount of material available , but is not in video form """""""" a most interesting hint at x - ray documentation i want to give verbally at this place : kenneth r . beesley ( ken . beesley @ xerox . fr ) writes : """""""" i have also seen x - ray movies from the eastman collection in rochester , new york . these films show , among many other things , people talking , playing musical instruments , and moving in various ways . for medical interest , there are also films of swallowing and bladder functions . i have seen some x - ray photographs of vowel-production settings from the old ussr , but these are less interesting than films . the eastman films , produced in the 1940s and early 50s , i believe , are unintentionally frightening because the doses of x - rays considered safe then were perhaps 500 times what they are now . as best i can remember , these films were somewhat inspired by x - ray films made by the nazis using inmates of concentration camps . these films , brought back to the united states after the war , were watched in fascination by eastman and his colleagues . they featured scenes with full skeletons walking about . the x - ray doses were no doubt fatal to the victims . """""""" beesley also reports on phoneticians from the university of glasgow , scotland and members of the school of dentistry , who some eighteen years ago produced x - ray images that show people talking . helmer strike ( strik @ let . kun . nl ) delivers two methods of measuring articulation : """""""" the technique that resembles the old x - ray films the most is called mri ( magnetic resonance imaging ) . a good article on this topic is baer et al . ( 1991 ) journal of the acoustical society of america , nr . 90 ( 2 ) , pp . 799 - 828 . . . . another , quite different technique , which is used very often , is called epg ( electro - palato - graphy ) """""""" in particular , i would like to thank ocke bohn ( gen01 . @ rz . uni-kiel . d400 . de ) for having sent me an article on how to describe articulation by means of infrared light . she reported as well on experiments using ultrasound for recording the movements of the articulating organs . in conclusion , i want to give another idea of how to make use of cd-rom in combination with x - ray technology . today 's technology has made it possible to save pictures and videos ( here videos produced through x - rays ) conveniently down onto a cd . this opens up the possibility to combine recordings of various institutions on one cd and , by means of this collection , deliver an outstanding contribution to the further understanding of what is happening when people talk . besides the actual recordings , further information about videos and x - ray images that concerns both the history of this subject and its methodology could be gathered in one single multi media application in such a way that a cd like this would provide important information about the topic """""""" articulation and the methods of its measurement """""""" in a user-friendly way and , what is more , would be available for a greater number of non-expert pc - users . anyone interested in this project and willing to support this idea should write to one of the following addresses : e - mail : fran2801 @ pcmail . uni-trier . de home : ingolf franke zeughausstrasse 31 d-54292 trier germany
  """",0
  1378,""""Subject: summary : algonquian homeland
   
   content - length : 10189 in april i made an enquiry about the algonquian homeland of which a slightly abbreviated form is repeated below : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * i have just been reading merritt ruhlen 's _ the origin of language _ . i would like to ask a question or two about the content of the section ' locating the algonquian homeland ' . first , ruhlen says that ' frank siebert has proposed the area of the eastern upper great lakes as the origin of the algonquian dispersal ' . ruhlen does not source his reference . can anyone give me the source ? secondly , and more importantly , ruhlen appeals to sapir 's age - area hypothesis to the effect that the area of greatest diversity in a family is likely to point to the original homeland of the family . since the greatest divergence is evidently between blackfoot and the rest of the family , in the southwest of the family 's extent , ruhlen suggests , _ contra _ siebert , that the homeland is there , and that the family 's closest external relatives are also in that direction . as an initial attempt to locate a homeland , ruhlen 's arguments seem sound enough to an outsider . however , the kind of support for them that i would want to look for would be an argument that the first branching in the genealogical tree divides blackfoot from the rest of the family . this would be based on a claim that the rest of the family shares a set of innovations relative to proto algonquian ( a proto algonquian whose reconstruction also takes full account of blackfoot data ) . i went to the library here to see what i could find , and came up with ives goddard 's account of ' comparative algonquian ' in campbell & mithun 's _ the languages of native america _ ( 1979 ) . goddard says , if i read him correctly , ( i ) that the only obvious subgroup within algonquian is eastern algonquian ( and he gives innovations defining this ) , ( ii ) that blackfoot is highly divergent and that its history is not yet understood . goddard 's account understandably does not contain the kind of data that would allow a non - algonquianist to assess ruhlen 's hypothesis . i would be grateful to anyone who could point me towards any work that would cast light on the question of algonquian subgrouping and the homeland or who could comment knowledgably on ruhlen 's homeland hypothesis . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * i would like to thank those who responded , some of them several times , and those who were generous enough to send me copies of materials i could not obtain here . they were : dan alford , peter bakker , david costa , pat crowe , marybeth culley , anthony fox , ives goddard , john koontz , phil lesourd , rob malouf , john o'meara , marc picard , karl teeter . i have n't had time yet to read the recommended references or to think carefully about the views expressed , which were varied . so varied , it seems to me , that when i set out to write a summary , i could n't , so i have resorted to extracting crucial passages from people 's messages . i hope this will not result in any misrepresentations . the siebert article is : siebert , frank . 1967 . the original home of the proto - algonquian people . a . d . deblois , contributions to anthropology : linguistics i ( algonquian ) , pp . 13-47 . national museum of canada , bulletin no . 214 , anthropological series no . 78 , ottawa several respondents drew my attention to the fact that the question of ' homeland ' is related to the question of time depth , i . e , how far back do we want to go in our search for the homeland ? one pointed out , however , that if algonquian is a subgroup of algic , then we can define the algonquian homeland as the area where proto algonquian ( a member of the algic subgroup ) was spoken , treating the algic homeland separately . ' best guess based on location ( of the algic homeland ) would be some sort of a northwest coast origin , but there is no real evidence for this . ' ' denny places the pa speakers around the upper columbia river in oregon and washington . he bases his conclusions on archaelogical evidence , the connections between pa and the larger algic language family , and on the existence of a handful of algonquian languages spoken along the northern coast of california . he proposes that the pa speakers radiated south to california and west to the great lakes ( giving us the precursors of blackfoot , cheyenne , and arapaho along the way ) . at least , i think that 's how it goes - you should really check the article . ' ' blackfoot and arapaho are the most divergent ( algonquian ) languages , and . . . thus the family probably started in the northern rockies and spread east from there . most algonquianists who think about such things these days recognize a lot of problems with siebert locating proto - algonquian in southern ontario . ives ' article ( goddard 1994 ) makes a lot of sense - - essentially the scenario is that the family came from idaho or thereabouts out onto the prairies in montana , and first dropped blackfoot . then , it continued east , dropping arapaho , cree , menominee - cheyenne , ' core central ' , and eastern algonquian . i ' m not too familiar with what archaeological support there is for this idea , but i do know there is no archaeological support for siebert 's idea ( southern ontario looks to be historically iroquoian ) . ' ' having read a number of studies by witold manczak that seem to show pretty convincingly that the more conservative languages in a family are in and around the original homeland , and the more divergent ones on the periphery , i find siebert 's hypothesis much more convincing , though i know there are legitimate algonkianists who would side with ruhlen on this . . . . i ' ve been working on algonkian for well over twenty years and i consider siebert to be one of the best algonkianists we ' ve ever had . ' ' for my own part , it seems to me probably relevant to the prehistory of algonquian that blackfoot , arapaho - atsina , and mandan ( siouan ) and hidatsa ( siouan ) are all associated with cultures that practiced rather similar age grouping systems ( similar society names , system otherwise not found in north america ) , and are located close together in the middle missouri archaeological area and points north . this region was fairly uniform culturally c . 2000 bp , and i wonder if the culture then most widespead in the area - besant - may not be the source of age grouping practice . it might also be associated with algonquian language ( s ) , though that would be impossible to prove . i think the siouan groups must have arrived somewhat later , during the development of the subsequent middle missouri tradition , but the cheyenne seem to have a middle missouri connection , and perhaps the algonquian affiliation with the middle missouri region is older . . . anyway , if besant was largely algonquian , then the existing plains algonquian groups ( not a linguistic subgroup ) , may reflect a formerly stronger algonquian presence on the northern plains . ' ' as for the position of blackfoot , i am myself of the opinion that its grammatical system is algonquian , but its lexicon is not . i know cree ( central algonquian ) reasonably well , but blackfoot remains completely unintelligible to me , although the language looks very algonquian ( unlike , for instance , gros ventre , arapaho and cheyenne - these algonquian languages are just as unintelligible , but this can be attributed to some recent ( few hundred years ago ) radical sound changes . . . . but few of these studies deal with the place of blackfoot in a comparative light . i think , simply because it is possible only to compare blackfoot and algonquian lexically . actually there are few blackfoot words ( stems ) which the algonquianists are able to link with algonquian . in my opinion . . . it is a mixed language , with a few algonquian stems , but the bulk from an unknown and otherwise extinct language families . the blackfoot stems sometimes look like algonquian backslang ( such as the word for 'd og ' ; blackfoot imita ( ua ) , plains cree atim ) . otherwise it is just impossible that the grammatical system is so close to cree whereas the lexicon is so different . but probably few hardcore algonquianists would agree . ' references i was given were : denny , j . peter , 1991 . the algonquian migration from plateau to midwest : linguistics and archeology , in the papers of the twenty - second algonquian conference , ed . william cowan . [ mentioned by several respondents ] dryer , matthew s . 1992 . a comparison of the obviation systems of kutenai and algonquian , in william cowan , ed . , papers of the twenty - third algonquian conference , pp . 119-163 . ottawa : carleton university . goddard , ives , 1994 . the east - west cline in algonquian dialectology , in actes du vingt - cinqui ' eme congr ' es des algonquinistes , ed . william cowan , pp . 187-211 . ottawa : carleton university . [ evidently the most crucial recent work on the homeland question ] proulx , paul . a sketch of blackfoot historical phonology ijal 55 : 1 . proulx , paul . 1982 . """""""" the linguistic evidence for the algonquian - iroquoian encounter . """""""" in : approaches to algonquian archaeology . proceedings of the thirteenth annual conference of the archaeological association of the university of calgary , 1980 , pp . 189-211 . calgary : university of calgary . salzmann , zdenek , 1993 . language , culture and society , boulder , col . : westview press . [ contains a summary of siebert ] algonquian and iroquoian linguistics newsletter published quarterly through he department of linguistics , university of manitoba , winnipeg , canada . malcolm ross linguistics rspas australian national university canberra act australia 0200 .
  """",0
  1379,""""Subject: contrastive grammar www home page
   
   colleagues interested in contrastive grammar in general and contrastive verb valency research in particular might like to know that the university of gent 's contragram group ( which grew out of joint research projects of the departments of english , french , and dutch ) now has its own www home page . the url is : http : / / allserv . rug . ac . be / ~ dnoel / index . html the quarterly newsletter of contragram , which reports on the results of the group 's research and also contains other information of interest to contrastive grammarians , is now also available in a hypertext version through this home page . do check us out ! dirk noel contragram dept . of english university of gent rozier 44 b-9000 gent belgium phone : + 32 9 264 3789 fax : + 32 9 264 4179 e - mail : dirk . noel @ rug . ac . be
  """",0
  1380,""""Subject: www address of linguistics at unc
   
   information about the department of linguistics at the university of north carolina at chapel hill can be obtained from the department 's new world wide web homepage at http : / / www . unc . edu / depts / ling . html
  """",0
  1381,""""Subject: mt summit v
   
   dear linguists , being the organisers of tmi95 , we are often asked whether we have more information on the mt summit v . the best thing to do is contact the sema group in luxemburg , instead of brussels . the number is : + 352 . 40 00 83 - - bruno * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * bruno tersago tel : + 32-16 - 32 50 88 centre for computational fax : + 32-16 - 32 50 98 linguistics maria - theresiastraat , 21 e - mail : bruno . tersago @ ccl . kuleuven . ac . be b-3000 leuven ( belgium ) url : http : / / www . ccl . kuleuven . ac . be / ~ bruno / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  1382,""""Subject: comparative method : n - ary comparison again
   
   some time ago , while we were discussing comparative linguistics , the question was raised ( by bill poser , i think ) of whether anybody ever claims in print that binary comparison is preferable to n-ary comparison . while i cited one reference at that time , i thought it might be still be of general interest to adduce one more , which has just come to my attention . in his attack on the theory that japanese is altaic ( and on altaic as a whole ) , janhunen 1992 argues that the odds of finding apparent matches simply by chance when japanese is compared to the four altaic languages / subgroups , viz . , turkic , mongolic , tungusic , and korean , are four times as high as are the odds of finding such spurious matches when japanese is compared to just one language , specifically korean ( which is singled out by janhunen because there has been a fair amount of work on japanese - korean comparison which ignored altaic ) . in other words , janhunen assumes that a 5 - ary comparison is four times as likely to produce matches purely by chance ( what i call ' false positives ' ) as is a binary comparison . this , needless to say , is a fallacy , but there you have it . janhunen , juha . 1992 . das japanische in vergleichender sicht . journal de la soci t finno - ougrienne 84 . 145-161 .
  """",0
  1383,""""Subject: 100
   
   martin vide ) ) ii international conference on mathematical linguistics icml ' 95 tarragona ( catalonia , spain ) november 2 - 4 , 1995 organized by rovira i virgili university at tarragona research group in mathematical linguistics and language engineering ( grlmc ) with the financial support of direccio general de recerca ( generalitat de catalunya ) 1st . announcement and call for papers icml ' 95 intends to become an open and broad scope forum for the presentation and discussion of current high quality research on mathematical models of natural language . the first conference ( icml ' 93 ) took place in tarragona on march 30-31 , 1993 . a derived volume has been published : c . martin - vide ( ed . ) , current issues in mathematical linguistics . north - holland , amsterdam , 1994 . topics will be grouped into five sections : 1 . foundations and methodological considerations . 2 . mathematical models for syntax . 3 . mathematical models for semantics . 4 . applications in natural language processing . 5 . varia ( phonology , computational complexity , learning , quantitative methods , etc . ) . the language of the conference is english . organizing committee carlos martin - vide ( chairman , tarragona ) joan busquets ( austin ) rosa maria hidalgo ( tarragona ) joan miquel ( barcelona ) rudolf ortega ( tarragona ) jesus vidal ( austin ) lectures they can be invited plenary 1 - hour lectures and free possibly parallel 30 minutes lectures . the travel and accommodation of invited speakers will be paid by the organizing committee . the distribution into both categories will take into account the relative value of each paper and the budgetary resources . interested people are invited to submit papers : by surface mail , or electronically , as either an unformatted ( plain text ) ascii file or as a latex file . they should send one copy of a camera-ready 2 - columns abstract of not more than 2 not-numbered pages . also , they must indicate the section into which their paper fits . submissions will be anonymously refereed , and the list of accepted lectures ( invited as well as free ) will be included into future announcements . authors will be notified of acceptance as soon as possible . timetable deadline for the submission of a paper ( 2 - pages abstract ) : september 30 , 1995 . the programme will be sent to all pre-registered participants on october 1995 . publications the book of abstracts will be available at the beginning of the conference . the organizing committee expects that a volume containing a refereed selection of submitted papers will be published after the conference . registration fees ( except for invited speakers ) until june 30 , 1995 general : usa $ 150 ( pesetas 19 . 500 ) students : usa $ 75 ( pesetas 9 . 750 ) after july 1 , 1995 general : usa $ 200 ( pesetas 26 . 000 ) students : usa $ 100 ( pesetas 13 . 000 ) fees include the free access to all sessions and one copy of the book of abstracts , and may be paid through a bank transfer to : account number : 2100-3233 - 2200104870 ( congress ) bank : caixa d ' estalvis i pensions de barcelona address : gran via de les corts catalanes , 521 , 08015 barcelona , spain please , send us a copy of your transfer . people from eastern europe can become free from registration fees and accommodation ( not travel ) if justified , in the opinion of the organizing committee . accommodation information will be sent to all pre-registered participants in due time . information and registration carlos martin - vide apartado de correos 32 . 077 08080 barcelona spain e - mail : cmv @ fll . urv . es fax : 34-77 - 55 . 95 . 97 registration form name : address : postal code : city : country : e - mail : fax : phone : signature : please , send this registration form , together with the copy of the transfer , to the above-mentioned address .
  """",0
  1384,""""Subject: intl congress of dialectologists
   
   dear linguists , i am posting this message for a colleague who does not have access to email . his question : does anyone know when and where the next international congress of dialectologists will be held ? many thanks , curt woolhiser department of slavic languages university of texas austin , tx 78713-7217 tel . : work : ( 512 ) 471-3607 home : ( 512 ) 302-0718 e - mail : cfwoolhiser @ mail . utexas . edu
  """",0
  1385,""""Subject: language issues for southwest indian migrants
   
   is there any information available on people from the state of kerala ( speakers of malayalam ) who have migrated to other states / countries and the language issues that they face ? i ' m after any papers / research / etc on language behaviours ( ie code-mixing / switching , incorporation of non - malayalam lexemes / grammar , """""""" malglish """""""" ( malayalam & english ) or colloquialisms / slang that follow non - malayalam word conjunctions eg : andhi-thalla = dick-head ) and on language issues facing migrant malayalee communities ( ie language maintenance , language change etc ) . does anyone know of any good sources of information ? asha rajan centre for aboriginal studies curtin university of technology perth western australia australia """""""" as kingfishers catch fire , dragonflies draw flame """""""" ( gm hopkins )
  """",0
  1386,""""Subject: qs : serrano and hualapai
   
   i ' m cross-posting this to linguist and endangered-languages - l , so apologies if anyone gets two of these . * * * * * question 1 : serrano language ( in san bernardino , california , united states ) i have been searching without luck for anything regarding the serrano people and especially the serrano language . i ' ve been able to find out that there remains * one * speaker of serrano left , but have had no luck so far in contacting her . you know how that goes : a knows b , who knows c , whose aunt ( d ) is the last speaker . ( these are reliable people , so i feel confident that d speaks serrano ; d 's sister , who also spoke serrano , died recently . ) i live about a mile from the san manuel indian reservation . the people there are serrano , but most just know they are """""""" indian , """""""" they do n't know what """""""" tribe . """""""" at the tribal offices , the woman i spoke to was unaware that there had ever been a serrano language . the information i have so far comes from anthropology / archaeology people and linguists working at the morongo indian reservation ( cahuilla , in banning , california , united states ) . i ' m afraid that serrano will be history within the next couple of years . does anyone know where i might find information on the serrano language or the people who once spoke it ? * * * * * question 2 : hypothetical situation d , above , is the last remaining speaker of serrano . her serrano would be an idiolect , her personal serrano language . suppose i was able to capture all of her knowledge of the language before she dies and write a descriptive grammar which was then used by others to learn serrano , and the language survived . ( would n't it be nice if things worked that way ! ) would the original idiolect then be classified as a language ? dialect ? still an idiolect ? if serrano would still be an idiolect , since my understanding of the language would most likely be slightly different than d 's , would this be * my * ideolect , or * her * idiolect ? * * * * * question 3 : hualapai language ( in peach springs , arizona , united states ) soon , i will be moving to peach springs , arizona , to the hualapai indian reservation . i will be living there for about three months . the hualapai language is still widely used in peach springs ( still a small group of people though ) , and i am going to be doing a very intensive , crash course in hualapai ( two hours per day , every day , with two native speakers , as well as basic communication with other people outside my """""""" learning """""""" time ) . by the end of my stay , i hope to be able to communicate with others , but i ' m pretty sure i won't completely master the language in that short amount of time . my """""""" official job """""""" is setting up and fixing the computer network for the school there , but i will also be developing some computer applications in hualapai ( as opposed to an english language interface like we are used to seeing ) . i will also be working with the two native speakers to produce a few books written in hualapai . in addition to these books , i am going to try to translate some public-domain children 's classics , for example _ the wonderful wizard of oz _ , to help me with learning the language , as well as providing great stories for the kids there . i also plan on writing a journal of my learning of the hualapai language ( adult l2 acquisition study ) . i am a self-taught , amateur linguist - - i . e . , i read a lot and pester people with questions . the only formal education i have is a 10 - week course in ( english ) language acquisition by children . my question is , is there any interest outside the hualapai reservation for the software , books , or journal ? the books will be printed and we will need to know how many copies to print ( i . e . , just for use at the school , or extras for other people , too ) . a new edition of the hualapai grammar has been finished ( the old edition is 8 - 1 / 2 x 11 , 575 pages ; i have n't seen the new one yet ) , but not gone to the printers yet , and a dictionary is in the making . the software and journal can be duplicated as needed , but the books can be printed with title vii funds ( government money ) if they are for use at the school only , but we will have to make other funding arrangements if the books are to be sold to people outside the school . is anyone interested ? * * * * * fyi i developed a font for typing in hualapai . it is * not * intended to be a general-purpose , one-size - fits-all font , it is intended to allow rapid typing in hualapai . the font is a times typeface . currently , i have truetype and postsrcipt versions for ibm-pc compatible computers , and in the near future , macintosh versions of truetype and postscript fonts will be available . the sil ( summer institute of linguistics ) and a couple of sites in germany have offered me space on their ftp computers for the font . any other ftp sites would be appreciated . when i get the fonts uploaded , i ' ll post addresses to the lists . the font is """""""" postcard-ware , """""""" i . e . , it is free , but you have to send us a postcard from your hometown . : - ) * * * * * as is usual , i will post summaries of answers to my questions to the list if there is sufficient interest . thanks for wading through this long-winded message . chuck coker cjcoker @ csupomona . edu ccoker @ igc . apc . org
  """",0
  1387,""""Subject: q : ' this ' and ' that '
   
   dear linguists : some present-day ' european ' languages have only one set of simple demonstratives and the opposition of < this > vs . < that > is expressed by the help of < here > and < there > : french ceci ' this ' ce livre-ci ' this book ' cela ' that ' ce livre-l ` a ' that book ' swedish det ha """""""" r ' this ' den ha """""""" r bilen ' this car ' det da """""""" r ' that ' den da """""""" r bilen ' that car ' estonian see siin ' this ' see maja siin ' this house ' see seal ' that ' see maja seal ' that house ' my sweidish - german dictionary ( stora tyska ordboken ) gives < der hier > and < der da > as colloquial ( familia """""""" r , umgangssprachlich ) german forms which conrrespond to < den ha """""""" r > and < den da """""""" r > , respectively . how common is a demonstrative system like this ? incidentally , japanese has a rather sophisticated three-way distinction here : kono hon ' this book ( you see here ) ' sono hon ' that book ( you see there ) , the book ( under discussion ) ' ano hon ' that book ( you see over there ) ' so i ' m afraid i will have to convince my students that the japanese are extravagant even in the way of using demonstratives . kazuto matsumura kazuto matsumura kmatsum @ tooyoo . l . u-tokyo . ac . jp - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - institute for cross - cultural studies ( tooyoo gengo ) faculty of letters , university of tokyo hongo 7 - 3 - 1 , bunkyo - ku , tokyo 113 japan tel . + 81 - 3-5800 - 3754 fax : + 81 - 3-5800 - 3740 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  1388,""""Subject: analysis of rap data
   
   dear linguists , some time ago , there was a message posted to the list about the linguistic analysis of data from rap music lyrics . would anyone pursuing this line please get in touch with dr . alexandra vella , university of malta , on : avella @ unimt . mt thank you very much . martin zammit institute of linguistics university of malta
  """",0
  1389,""""Subject: need : word order classifications
   
   i have been working on a paper about vennemann 's theory of natural serialization and am currently working on applying it to the current status of languages . i have in mind to compile a list of all european languages , stating which basic word order they have and how consistent they are . is there already such a list anywhere , and if where ; and if not , where could i retrieve this data from ? would it be """""""" fairer """""""" to vennemann if i did n't limit myself to european languages ? any help would be greatly appreciated . thank you , mic ps : i hope i have selected the appropriate group . please correct me if i am mistaken !
  """",0
  1390,""""Subject: gb - based grammars of english
   
   does anyone know of any work being done on pedagogically-useful descriptions of english grammar from the perspective of the gb framework ? library shelves are full of 60 's - era tg grammars of english , compiled with various aims in mind . most current work in gb does not seem very language specific , and this is understandable given the aims of gb , but is there language-specific work being done by someone , or must i continue to use grammars with jazzy disco-looking fonts and pictures of linguists on the back covers with sideburns and bellbottoms ? tony wright < twright @ accdvm . accd . edu > st . philip 's college san antonio , texas , usa
  """",0
  1391,""""Subject: judging at eisteddfodau
   
   i would like information on award-giving at eisteddfodau , particularly from someone who has taken part in a number of them . please respond directly to me : ormsby @ servidor . unam . mx diolch am fawr . * * * * * + + + + + * * * * * harold ormsby l . centro de investigaciones y estudios superiores en antropologia social ( ciesas ) mexico ormsby @ servidor . unam . mx
  """",0
  1392,""""Subject: re : syldavian tutorial
   
   jacques guy 's grammar of syldavian is of course a very welcome contribution to the understanding of that seldom investigated language . however , one could n't help being slightly disappointed that it did not contain a translation of the longest text ( and only one , as far as i know ) which has survived in this ancient language . i refer of course to the page of the 14th cent . manuscript which is reproduced in """""""" le sceptre d ' ottokar """""""" ( p . 21 ) , and which goes approximately thus : pir ottokar du ~ s pollsz ez ko """""""" nikstz dan tronn eszt pho ma ~ ozeilla ~ cza """""""" ida ~ o """""""" n estca ~ r akpu ~ kzommetz pakkeh o lapza ~ da ko """""""" nikstz itd o alpu ~ klo """""""" ppz staszrvitchz erom szu ~ bel o """""""" . da ~ zsbick ta """""""" llta o """""""" pp o ca ~ rro """""""" . can we have a chapter 2 ? guy deutscher
  """",0
  1393,""""Subject: ' de proverbio ' news
   
   hi , i have some news regarding ' de proverbio ' and i intend to keep it brief for everybody 's sake . in april the book publisher has been separated from the journal and has now its own direct url , that is http : / / info . utas . edu . au / docs / flonta / dpbooks this month i have published there the ' book of proverbs ' ( bible ) in five languages : latin , english , french , german and italian . each chapter of one language is cross-referenced with the same chapter of all the other languages . you are welcome to have a look . . . and , as there are more than 1 , 400 links in the five books , i would be grateful for any information regarding faulty ones ! i started ' constructing ' the second issue of the journal , which is due in september - october . you might be interested to read an illuminating article written by wolfgang mieder about the proverbial rhetoric in winston churchill . you can access the article directly at http : / / info . utas . edu . au / docs / flonta / dp , 1 , 2 , 95 / churchill . html or via the home page . that 's all from me for the moment . thank you for your indulgence and i hope to hear from you from time to time . ciao and best wishes , teodor dr teodor flonta tel . ( 002 ) 202321 department of modern languages ( italian ) international + 61 02 202321 university of tasmania fax . ( 002 ) 207813 gpo box 252c international + 61 02 207813 hobart tasmania 7001 australia e-mail : teodor . flonta @ modlang . utas . edu . au url : http : / / info . utas . edu . au / docs / flonta / http : / / info . utas . edu . au / docs / flonta / dpbooks
  """",0
  1394,""""Subject: new list : arcling
   
   we are happy to announce the establishment of arcling , an e-mail listserver which exists to promote discussion on the interface between archaeology / prehistory and language , conceived in the broadest terms . an additional focus of the list is inter-relations of archaeology and language with ancient dna studies and comparative anthropology . subscribers are urged to post questions , ideas , notices of new findings , conference and workshop announcements , book titles or reviews that relate to these disciplines or related matters . this list was mooted at the language , anthropology and archaeology symposium of world archaeological congress - 3 in new delhi in december 1994 . malcolm ross ( malcolm . ross @ anu . edu . au ) is the primary list owner , doing maintenance and coordinating policy . roger blench ( rmb5 @ hermes . cam . ac . uk ) and matthew spriggs ( spriggs @ coombs . anu . edu . au ) are the secondary list owners , also involved in any policy decisions . to subscribe to the list , send a message to listproc @ anu . edu . au with text as follows : subscribe arcling your name note that arcling also has a digest option , so that you may receive a ( roughly ) daily digest of its messages . some people prefer this , as a busy list can swamp one 's incoming e-mail and be a nuisance . to set this option , subscribe as above , then send a message to listproc @ anu . edu . au with text as follows : set arcling mail digest malcolm ross , roger blench & matthew spriggs .
  """",0
  1395,""""Subject: new discussion list
   
   content - length : 2153 subscriptions are invited to the following list . l o w l a n d s - l lowlands - l is an automated worldwide electronic mail list for those who are interested in the languages and cultures of the lowlands adjacent to the coast of the north sea and of baltic sea ( hereafter ` ` lowlands ' ' ) . lowlands - l uses listprocessor at the university of washington ( seattle , u . s . a . ) . the primary focus of lowlands - l is on the germanic languages and their cultural environments that developed and remain in the lowlands ( dutch , frisian , low saxon [ low german ] ) as well as those that descended from these languages or from their predecessors and are used elsewhere ( afrikaans , emigre dutch / frisian / low saxon , lowlands - based pidgins and creoles , and also english and scots ) , thus """""""" west germanic """""""" languages except ( high ) german , yiddish , and related varietes . however , other languages and their cultural environments may be discussed if it is relevant to the lowlands context . the basic goals of lowlands - l : - to facilitate global communication and collaboration among those who are interested in lowlands languages , cultures and related topics - to promote and facilitate research and teaching of lowlands languages and cultures - to promote the use of lowlands linguistic and cultural data in general research and publications - to support efforts to protect , revive and advance endangered lowlands languages or language varieties - to pay attention to minority lowlands languages and cultures , including those that are being denied official recognition - to serve as a forum for exploring common and diverse features of lowlands languages and cultures - to provide opportunities to enjoy and enhance mutual intelligibility among lowlands languages in multilingual exchanges - to strengthen linguistic , cultural and social ties among users of lowlands languages , their descendants and their friends to subscribe to lowlands - l please send the following message to listproc @ lists . u . washington . edu : subscribe lowlands - l { your name } * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * e n d * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  1396,""""Subject: gls 1995 schedule ( updated 1 / 19 / 95 )
   
   updated 1 / 19 / 95 ( includes session times ) * * * * * * * * * * the georgetown linguistics society presents gls 1995 : developments in discourse analysis february 17-19 , 1995 georgetown university , washington d . c . * * * * * * * * * * * * conference schedule * * * friday , february 17 * 2 : 00 - 3 : 30 colloquium : developments in signed language discourse part i ( coordinator : melanie metzger ) * ruth morgan the interplay of place and space in a namibian sign language narrative * kathleen wood negotiating literate identities : life stories of deaf students * susan m . mather adult - deaf toddler discourse will the real author please stand up ? : exploiting the speech of others * richard buttny talking race on campus : reported speech in accounts of race relations at a university campus * akira satoh reported speech in english and japanese : a comparative analysis * joyce tolliver evidentiality and accountability in literary narrative 3 : 45 - 5 : 15 colloquium : developments in signed language discourse part ii ( coordinator : melanie metzger ) * tina m . neumann figurative language in an american sign language poem : personification and prosopopoeia * scott liddell and melanie metzger spatial mapping in an asl narrative : examining the use of multiple surrogate spaces * elizabeth a . winston spatial mapping in comparative discourse frames in american sign language political , intellectual , institutional identities * anna de fina pronominal choice , identity and solidarity in political discourse * charlotte linde other people 's stories : third person narrative in individual and group identity * karen tracy the identity work of questioning in intellectual discussion prior discourses and the structure of classroom interaction * mary buchinger bodwell """""""" now what does that mean , ' first draft ' ? """""""" : adult literacy classes and alternative models of editing a text * deborah poole the effects of text on talk in a class-room literacy event * myriam torres why teachers do not engage in co-construction of knowledge : a critical discourse analysis 5 : 30 - 6 : 30 plenary speaker : roger shuy 6 : 45 - 7 : 45 plenary speaker : deborah schiffrin 8 : 00 - 11 : 00 reception * saturday , february 18 * 9 : 30 - 10 : 30 plenary speaker : heidi hamilton 10 : 45 - 12 : 45 colloquium : developments in conversation analysis : oh , what , or , pardon ( coordinator : maria egbert ) * paul drew ' what ' ? : a sequential basis for an ' open ' form of repair initiation in conversation ( and some implications for cognitive approaches to interaction ) * maria egbert the relevance of interactants ' eye gaze to the organization of other-initiated repair : the case of german ' bitte ? ' ( ' pardon ? ' ) * anna lindstrom ' or ' - constructed inquiries as a resource for probing the relevance of prior talk in swedish conversation * john heritage ' oh ' - prefaced responses to inquiry privileged views in media discourse * gertraud benke news about news : textual features of news agency copies and their usage in the newsproduction * debra graham racism in the reporting of the o . j . simpson arrest : a critical discourse analysis approach * ian hutchby arguments and asymmetries on talk radio * joanna thornborrow talk shows and democratic discourse interactional explanations for patterns of variation * scott fabius kiesling using interactional discourse analysis to explain variation * sylvie dubois the coherent network of effects on discourse humorous faces * nancy k . baym humorous performance in a computer-mediated group * diana boxer and florencia cortes - conde teasing that bonds : conversational joking and identity display 12 : 45 - 2 : 45 theme lunch 2 : 45 - 4 : 45 negotiating authority and status * cynthia dickel dunn the language of the tea teacher : shifting indexical ground in a japanese pedagogical context * lena gavruseva ' what is this drivel about garages ? ' : the construction of authoritative self in the cover letter discourse * geoffrey raymond the voice of authority : sequence and turn design in live news broadcasts * hideko nornes abe discourse analysis on distal and direct styles of japanese women 's speech narrative structures across languages * viola g . miglio tense alternations in medieval prose texts * asli ozyurek how children use connectives to talk about a conversation * marybeth culley rhetorical elaborations of a chiricahua apache comic narrative genre * bethany k . dumas complex narratives in ozark discourse competing discourses and dominance * tony hak ' she has clear delusions ' : the production of a factual account * catherine f . smith democratic discourses * john clark standard and vernacular : persuasive discourse styles in conflict * kathryn remlinger keeping it straight : the socio-linguistic construction of a heterosexual ideology in a campus community 5 : 00 - 7 : 00 colloquium : discourse and conflict ( coordinator : christina kakava ) * faye c . mcnair - knox discourse and conflict in african - american english womantalk : patterns of grammaticalized disapproval in narratives * christina kakava evaluation in personal and vicarious stories : mirror of a greek man 's self * patricia e . o'connor ' you can't keep a man down ' : positioning in conflict talk and in violent acts * laine berman life stories from the streets : homeless children 's narratives of violence and the construction of a better world discourse influences on syntactic categories and structures * jennifer arnold the interaction between discourse focus and verbal form in mapudungun * rajesh bhatt information status and word order in hindi * paul hopper discourse and the category ' verb ' in english interactional construction of cognitive understanding * pamela w . jordan and megan moser multi - level coordination in computer-mediated conversation * claudia roncarati repetition and cognition in the information flow : a case-study in brazilian portuguese database * andrea tyler and john bro examining perceptions of text comprehensibility : the effect of order and contextualization cues 7 : 15 - 8 : 15 plenary speaker : charles goodwin * sunday , february 19 * 9 : 30 - 10 : 30 plenary speaker : frederick erickson 10 : 45 - 12 : 45 colloquium : frames theory and discourse ( coordinator : janice hornyak ) * janice hornyak personal and professional frames in office discourse * susan hoyle negotiation of footing in play * carolyn kinney the interaction of frames , roles and footings : conversational strategies of co-leaders in a long-term group * yoshiko nakano interplay of expectations in cross-cultural miscommunication : a case study of negotiations between americans and japanese * suwako watanabe framing in group discussion : a comparison between japanese and american students interpreting , challenging , evaluating gender * jennifer curtis contestation of masculine identities in a battering intervention program * keller s . magenau more than feminine : attending to power and social distance dimensions in spoken and written workplace communication * keli yerian professional and gendered identities in the discourse of two public television directors * donna trousdale social languages and privileging : gender and school science discourse discursive enactments of cultural ideologies * isolda carranza stance - making in oral interviews * shari e . kendall religion and experience : constructed dialogue , narrative , and life story in religious testimonies * agnes weiyun he stories as interactional resources : narrative activity in academic counseling encounters * orla morrissey discourse analysis as an evaluation methodology for technology assessment in pre-competitive r and d environments 12 : 45 - 2 : 15 lunch 2 : 15 - 3 : 45 computational approaches to discourse analysis * megan moser and johanna d . moore an approach to the study of discourse cues * yan qu a computational approach for automatically extracting discourse rules * donald lewis theme and eventline in a classical hebrew narrative : a computer-assisted analysis conversational moves * c . antaki , f . diaz , a . collins participants ' orientation to footing : evidence from conversational completion * peter muntigl saving face in argument : an analysis of face-threatening disagreements * martin warren how do conversations begin and end ? fine - tuning conversation * hiroko spees how aizuchi ' back channels ' shape and are shaped by the interaction in japanese conversations * toshiko hamaguchi manifestation of shared knowledge in conversation * yrjo engestrom discursive disturbances as bridge between the micro and the macro : evidence from activity-theoretical studies in collaborative work settings 4 : 00 - 5 : 00 plenary speaker : deborah tannen * * how to contact gls 1995 * * please send registration and requests for information regarding special discounts on airfare , accommodations , and transportation to the georgetown linguistics society : gls 1995 internet : gls @ guvax . georgetown . edu georgetown university bitnet : gls @ guvax . bitnet department of linguistics voice : ( 202 ) 687-6166 479 intercultural center washington , d . c . 20057-1068 regularly updated information is available through the world - wide web georgetown linguistics home page : http : / / www . georgetown . edu / cball / gu _ lx . html * * registration * * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pre-registration form for * * gls 1995 * * please complete and print this form or provide the required information on another sheet of paper and mail to gls 1995 , georgetown university , department of linguistics , 479 intercultural center , washington , d . c . 20057-1068 name : affiliation : mailing address : e - mail address : phone number : registration fee . please remit the appropriate registration fee in the form of a check or money order made payable to """""""" georgetown university """""""" : student non - student preregistration ( through feb . 10 ) $ 20 . 00 $ 30 . 00 on - site registration $ 30 . 00 $ 40 . 00 attendance needs ( ) american sign language interpretation ( ) crash space ( first-come basis ) ( ) other ( please specify ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ end of announcement . please distribute as widely as possible . thank you .
  """",0
  1397,""""Subject: english parser
   
   logos corporation has a pretty good english semantico-syntactic parser ( tagger as a minimum ) incorporated in a machine translation product . we are going to package this as an independent unix - based software package for the institut fuer deutsche sprache in mannheim , germany , and quite possibily a copy of this might be made available to other researchers . this should be readysometime in the next monthor two , as i understand it . the parser dictionary has c . 40 , 000 entries . if interested , please send me a description of intended use , input format considerations , etc . and i ' ll pass it by the powers that be . if your usage would include parser ( tagger ) evaluation , error rates , error feedback , etc . , so much the better . bud scott
  """",0
  1398,""""Subject: going romance
   
   going romance 1995 please note that in the call for papers for going romance 1995 the e-mail adress is not correct . the correct address is : going . romance @ let . uva . nl excuse us for the confusion . the organising committee .
  """",0
  1399,""""Subject: direct working paper 21
   
   development of international research in english for commerce and technology direct direct working paper 21 is out now : thompson , g and guerra ramos , r ( 1995 ) ergativity in the analysis of business texts . aelsu , university of liverpool ( uk ) / cepril , catholic university of sao paulo ( brazil ) . it 's available on-line at : http : / / www . liv . ac . uk / ~ tony1 / direct . html printed copies cost 2 . 50 pounds sterling or 5 . 00 us dollars . requests should be sent to : mr a p berber sardinha aelsu university of liverpool po box 147 liverpool l69 3bx uk
  """",0
  1400,""""Subject: aaas ' 96
   
   announcement - - the american association for the advancement of science will meet in baltimore , md . february 8 - 13 , 1996 . section z - linguistics and the language sciences - - will hold its annual business meeting for all z affiliates and friends on friday , feb 9 , 7 : 30 - 10 : 30 pm . ( this is an early announcement so you can write it on your calendars . ) there will be a number of symposia sessions sponsored by our section which will be announced on the linguist net as soon as information is available . we once again urge all linguists to join the aaas - - the major science ' umbrella ' organization in the u . s . it took us many years to be recognized as a legitimate science ( which of course we have been ) and it is important that the number of affiliates for section z be increased dramatically . an application form follows . v . fromkin , secretary , section z american association for the m e m b e r s h i p advancement of science a p p l i c a t i o n po box 2033 marion , oh 43306-4133 name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please check one : address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with subscription to science city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ / / regular - $ 92 state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ / / full - time students : $ 50 ( payment must accompany order ) / / postdoc : $ 67 ( payment must accompany order ) without science : / / supporting member : $ 35 payment method / / check enclosed / / bill me later ( regular only ) primary affiliation : charge my / / visa / / mastercard section z - linguistics and the language sciences credit card # : check this box / / expiration date _ _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _ _ _ signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fast fax your order to : 202 842 1065 international and canadian rates ( with science sub ) are higher and are available upon request .
  """",0
  1401,""""Subject: url for iulc publications on www
   
   the publications list of the indiana university linguistics club is now available on-line as a world wide web page . it can be reached at the following url : http : / / ezinfo . ucs . indiana . edu / ~ iulc / there are two sections : summary of new titles and the publications list . important note : orders * cannot * be placed through www at this time . prepaid orders ( money order or check drawn on a u . s . bank ) are accepted by regular mail . thank you .
  """",0
  1402,""""Subject: 6 . 524 german affricates
   
   i may have missed some of the discussion on this matter when i was away for a couple of weeks , but i want to throw in one item if it has n't been in already . in english at least the phonetic distinction between a palatoalveolar afffricate and an alveolar stop + palatoalveolar fricative is patent and unproblematic . in pairs like catch it vs . cat shit ratchet vs . rat shit it is easy to hear the difference , even if the prosodic patterns are the same . in the first ( let 's call it / c ^ / case , the stop segment is not alveolar but palatoalveolar , and short , and the whole two-quality sequence is about the length of an initial voiceless stop ; in the second , let 's call it / ts / cluster , the / t / is more alveolar , a bit retracted but without as much laminal contact , and the length of the sequence is like the length of a cluster , i . e . the stop onset is not ' ovbershort ' , as it is in the first case . i wonder if the distinction in german is more or less the same ? roger lass university of cape town
  """",0
  1403,""""Subject: appel : euralex96
   
   content - length : 8234 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - seventh euralex international congress - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - european association for lexicography university of gothenburg , sweden august 13-18 , 1996 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - congress organizers martin gellerstam jerker j = e4rborg sven - g = f6ran malmgren kerstin nor = e9n lena rogstr = f6m - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - first circular & call for papers time and venue - - - - - - - - - - - - - the congress starts on the evening of tuesday , august 13 , 1996 , and ends on the morning of sunday , august 18 . = 20 the congress will be held in the faculty of arts building ( """""""" humanisten """""""" ) , situated in park surroundings in the southern part of central gothenburg . the plenary sessions will be held at the musicology building just across the park . the bus from landvetter airport ( twenty minutes from the centre of gothenbi ] urg ) stops at korsv = e4gen , a few minutes walk from the faculty building . contact addresses - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the following addresses should be used for all information : congress organizers euralex96 university of gothenburg department of swedish section of lexicology 412 98 gothenburg sweden fax : + 46-31773 44 55 ( """""""" att . euralex """""""" ) e - mail : gellerstam @ svenska . gu . se phone : + 46-317734544 ( gellerstam ) + 46-317734467 ( malmgren ) + 46-317734468 ( nor = e9n ) programme - - - - - - - - the euralex congresses bring together scholars , professional lexicographers , publishers and others interested in dictionaries of all types . the programme wil { include a workshop , plenary lectures , parallel sections of individual papers , computer demonstrations , a poster session , and social events for participants and their guests . the opening address will be given by sture alln , former professor of natural language processing at g = f6teborg university and permanent secretary of the swedish academy . topics - - - - - papers are invited on all aspects of lexicography but the principal topics of the congress are : 1 . computational lexicology & lexicography 2 . lexical combinatorics 3 . the dictionary - making process 4 . bilingual lexicography 5 . lexicographical and lexicological projects 6 . terminology and dictionaries for special purposes submission - - - - - - - - - submissions will be refereed by a panel of referees for each major topic ( see above ) , and the programme will be selected by the programme committee . individual presentations should be timed to last 20 minutes , followed by a ten-minute discussion period . there are no restrictions on the language of presentation , but it is not possible to offer interpretation . authors should send five copies of a six - to eight-page double-spaced preliminary version of their paper by october 1 , 1995 to the congress organizers at the address above . the first page should contain the title of the paper , name ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) and complete address ( es of author ( s ) , a 10 - line abstract of the paper , and ( in the top right corner ) the title of the topic panel to which the paper is submitted . authors whose papers are accepted will receive a style guide for the preparation of a camera-ready copy for the proceedings to be published immediately before the congress . important dates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 october 1995 deadline for receipt of abstracts by congress organizers 15 february 1996 despatch of notification of acceptance / rejection 15 april 1996 deadline for receipt of paper for inclusion in the proceedings demonstrations and exhibitions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - computer facilities will be available and presenters are encouraged to offer software demonstrations . there will be an exhibition of dictionaries and other reference books . intending exhibitors should contact the congress organizers . pre - euralex tutorial - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - there will be a pre - euralex tutorial on special field vocabulary . details will be announced later . referees panel ( the euralex board , the lexiconordica editorial committee and the local organizers ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - b . t . s . atkins , h . bergenholtz , h . b = e9joint , t . fontenelle , m . gellerstam , d . gundersen , r . hartmann , u . heid , j = f3n hilmar j = f3nsson , j . j = e4rborg , f . knowles , s . - g . malmgren , c . marello , w . martin , i . meyer , k . nor = e9n , o . norling - christensen , k . varantola = 20 programme committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - henri bejoint ( university of lyon , france ) , ole norling - christensen ( the society for danish language and literature , denmark ) , martin gellerstam ( university of gothenburg , sweden ) . registration - - - - - - - - - - - the registration fee is expected to be sek 2000 ( 275 dollars at the present rate of exchange ) for euralex members and sek 2200 for non-members . the registration fee covers the academic programme , all documentation , including the proceedings , lunches and coffee break refreshments , the congress excursion and all receptions . the congress dinner is not included . the guest fee , payable by guests of the congress participants is sek 800 . it covers the excursion and other other social and cultural events which form part of the programme . the fee for the pre - euralex tutorial is sek 500 . accommodation - - - - - - - - - - - - rooms have been reserved for congress participants in the following hotel c = ategories : first class hotel : single room per night sek 620 tourist class hotel : single room per night sek 400 student rooms : single room per night sek 250 student rooms have bathroom ( shower ) and shared kitchen facilities . the price is calculated on accomodation for five nights . all accomodations are within 15 minutes ' walk from the congress venue . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - to receive the second circular in august 1995 , please complete and return the enclosed form to the congress organizers ( see address above ) before 31 july , 1995 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - preliminary registration form for seventh euralex international congress university of gothenburg , sweden august 13-18 1996 to receive the second circular in august 1995 , please complete and return this form before 31 july , 1995 , to euralex 96 university of gothenburg department of swedish 412 98 gothenburg sweden name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telefax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telephone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . institution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please , tick one of the following alternatives o i wish to present a paper at the congress o i wish to present a poster at the congress o i do not intend to present a paper / poster at the congress accommodation preferences o first class hotel o tourist class o student 's room - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - information about the seventh euralex international congress can also be obtained via www : http : / / logos . svenska . gu . se / euralex . html - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  1404,""""Subject: japanese conference
   
   content - length : 2956 - - - - - - - - - - x - sun - data - type : text x - sun - data - description : text x - sun - data - name : text x - sun - content - lines : 0 - - - - - - - - - x - sun - data - type : default x - sun - data - description : default x - sun - data - name : emailad x - sun - content - lines : 136 one-day conference for teachers of english to japanese students saturday the 24th of june 1995 to be held at : gyosei international college in the u . k . reading the conference will include plenary and option sessions on : the japanese education system and cultural differences japanese language teaching cross-cultural studies to elementary-level japanese students using projects and drama in language teaching with japanese students the jet programme teaching content courses to japanese learners gyosei international college in the u . k . is a japanese university situated in reading with approximately 370 japanese students and 55 academic staff , mainly from britain and japan . the staff in the languages department have a wide range of experience in teaching english to japanese learners in britain and in japan . please contact : maria leedham , languages department gyosei international college in the u . k . london road . reading , rg1 5aq . tel . no . 01734 310152 ext . 260 fax no . 01734 310137 ( please make further copies of this form if required . ) i would like to attend the conference on """""""" teaching english to japanese students """""""" and enclose a cheque for l35 payable to """""""" gyosei international college """""""" . please print clearly in capitals name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . institution : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . address for correspondence : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . daytime telephone number : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it would help us in making the option sessions more relevant if you could answer the following questions : have you ever taught japanese students yes / no if yes , at what level and for how long ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . have you lived in japan ? yes / no if yes for how long ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . are you planning to go to japan in the near future ? eg for the jet programme ? yes / no what are your particular areas of interest with regard to japanese culture and teaching japanese students ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do you require vegetarian food ? yes / no . do you have any other special dietary requirements ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please send this form together with your cheque to : maria leedham , languages department , gyosei international college in the u . k . , london road , reading , rg1 5aq . a receipt will be sent with a full programme and a map .
  """",0
  1405,""""Subject: tesol institute 1995 in venezuela
   
   tesol institute 1995 universidad de carabobo valencia , venezuela general information latin america hosts its first tesol institute at the university of carabobo in valencia . this city , located in a valley , has a tropical climate ranging from 23 to 32 degrees centigrade , that provides the opportunity to enjoy a permanent summer vacation . the coast , with its exotic beaches is half an hour away , and caracas , the country 's capital , an hour and a half drive . an elaborate highway system links valencia with other states and major cities . it enjoys the services of an international airport , linking it with the rest of the world . the university of carabobo was founded in 1892 . it offers programs through its 8 faculties , leading to both undergraduate and graduate degrees . the university through its english department at the faculty of education , has become a major center for preparing teachers for venezuela . participants will be exposed to rich and varied historical , sport and touristic attractions , such as the battlefield of carabobo , a horse racing track , an aquarium . in addition to the academic agenda , the ' 95 tesol institute will offer some interesting cultural events . typical venezuelan musical and dance groups , featuring the venezuelan harp and """""""" cuatro """""""" will delight everyone . handicrafts and indigenous artcrafts will be displayed . participants may choose to reside in private homes and thus have an opportunity to be part of the daily life of the city and its people . program two three-week sessions from july 17 to august 25 , offering over 30 course topics are scheduled to meet monday through thursday . participants may choose to attend courses for academic credit as offered by the university of carabobo or audit courses on a non credit basis . spanish language and cultural courses with academic credit will be offered to those interested in improving their spanish proficiency and knowledge of latin america . an enrichment program including conferences , workshops and seminars will be offered on fridays . there will be two conferences , as well as a book fair during the event . for more information about courses , registration procedures and tuition , please contact prof . emma miliani c / o ramon viggiani jet cargo international n0 m-510 p . o . box 020010 miami , florida 33102-001 fax : 58-41 - 428382 / 58-41 - 214092 cultural and social activities daily excursions will be offered to many cultural and touristic sights . in addition , during week-ends , day trips will also be planned to surounding beaches and towns . of particular interest will be the week-end trips to canaima , near angel falls , the highest waterfall in the world ; to morrocoy national park , very well known due to its wonderfull beaches ; and to los roques national park , a paradise for those who like snorkelling . tesol membership for more information about tesol membership contact : teachers of english to speakers of other languages 1600 cameron street , suite 300 alexandria , virginia 223134 - 2751 usa tel . ( 703 ) 836-0774 - fax ( 703 ) 836-7864
  """",0
  1406,""""Subject: june 1995 boolean conference
   
   the legacy of george boole 28th - 30th june 1995 university college , cork ( ucc ) ( 150 years old anniversary ) ireland , eu conference : this conference will open at 9 . 30 a . m . on wednesday , 28th june and close at lunchtime on friday , 30th june . we are at present finalising the programme for the conference , and awaiting titles of presentations . boole : boolean logic is a logic originated by george boole ( 1815-1864 ) at university college cork ( ucc ) ( then queen 's university ) in ireland in 1854 . his motivation was to develop a logic of human intelligence . speakers : g . k . batchelor ( cambridge university ) robert l . devaney ( boston university ) keith devlin ( st . mary 's college of california ) ivor grattan - guinness ( middlesex university ) theodore hailperin ( lehigh university ) desmond machale ( ucc ) john mccarthy ( stanford university ) roger penrose ( oxford university ) there will be an afternoon tour to places of boolean interest , and there will be a conference dinner on the thursday night in the aula maxima . ( ir 25 per person ) . the conference fee will be $ 30 ( ir 20 pounds ) for early registration before the end of may , or $ 50 ( ir 30 pounds ) for registration in june . this fee includes opening reception , lectures and coffee breaks . accompanying persons ' fee will be $ 15 ( ir 10 pounds ) . professor jim bowen , dr . donal hurley , professor desmond machale , lucette murray - committee . contacts : the ucc150 office ( e-mail ucc150 @ iruccvax . ucc . ie ) or donal hurley ( e-mail djh @ iruccvax . ucc . ie ) flights : from * * manchester * * , leeds / bradford , liverpool , london and midlands ( england ) on carriers such as aer lingus , british midlands , ryanair some direct flights from the usa ( boston ) and the continent !
  """",0
  1407,""""Subject: possessives
   
   i ' ve been away for awhile , but i just came back and checked my email , finding benji wald 's speculative comments on _ of 's _ constructions , dated may 20th , the linguist list . i just want to say one thing : way to go , benji ! ! i think it 's great that my question and summary can have led to such great and interesting ruminating on an admittedly poorly-understood area of the english language . as i wrote to another interested party , i hope that this whole thing has opened up a great big can of worms , the messier the better . i ' m just vindictive enough to love seeing formalist theories smashed to smithereens by real language data , and just crazy enough to love the chaos . i 'd love to see more comments put out on the list by anyone with even a passing interest in the matter and a few baffling examples they can't explain . just to further the matter a little , i 'd like to comment on something in benji wald 's article ? ( installment ? memo ? hmmm . . . . what do we call serial email things like this ? ) he wrote : > a friend of john 's ( inhale ) wife = ? ? one of john 's friends ' wife > > / and i ' m starting to dislike the last example on the right . / > > i do n't think position of inhale really helps , well , maybe if you > know whether i ' m asthmatic or not ( is that how you spell it in > english ? ) > also note in passing that another irregular plural can take a bow for > doing something useful , > > one of john 's wife 's friends vs . one of john 's wives ' ( ? ? es ) friends > > cntr . one of john 's significant other 's ( / others ' ( ? ? es ' ) friends > > ( and once again : yeah , but if you say it . . . ) > > but then again , what 's the difference between : > one of john 's friends ' ( . . . ) wife and one of john 's friends ' > wives > ( i mean given current anglophonic customs ) , except that we can > formally reduce the latter to > one of the wives > but not the former to > one of the wife > / that 's why i do n't like """""""" one of john 's friends ' wife """""""" / i think i understand why he does n't like _ one of john 's friends ' wife _ - - it 's because it sounds funny if we have the abbreviated phonological form [ . . . djanz frenz wayf ] . but , if we add in another / z / to """""""" friends ' """""""" , it seems to sound better ( even more so with modification ) : 1 ) one of john 's long-time friends 's [ frenz . z ] wife is evil . however , 2 ) the wife of one of john 's ( long-time ) friends 's is evil . sounds better than either to me . but here 's something for the experts . in sentence ( 2 ) above , i feel an almost irresistable urge to steal the final / z / from """""""" friends 's """""""" and put it on """""""" john 's """""""" , which would leave the sentence : 2 ' ) the wife of one of john 's 's [ djanz . z ] long-time friends is evil . which , funny as it looks in print , is the most grammatical-sounding sentence so far , as far as i ' m concerned . in ( 2 ' ) , the wife has to be the friend 's , of course , and not john 's , so why is """""""" john """""""" able to get the / z / ? signed , another ( happily ) flustered linguist .
  """",0
  1408,""""Subject: re : 6 . 775 , syldavian tutorial
   
   there is one ( at least ) translation of the oldest syldavian text , which our first tutorial ommitted . ihave waited to long to refer interested readers to my sources , but it is an inevitable work for those interested as much in syldavian as in bordurian . it comes from frederic soumois ' dossier tintin : sources , versions , themes , structures , jacques antoine , 1987 . it shows how much herge used brussels french and flemish roots in every language he """""""" devised """""""" in his works . for example , pace guy who adopted herge 's own suggestion of translation of """""""" eih bennek , eih blavek """""""" by """""""" qui s ' y frotte s ' y pique """""""" ( roughly , """""""" whoever rubs himself against it will get stung by it """""""" ) , it looks more like dutch """""""" hier ben ik , hier blijf ik """""""" , meaning """""""" here i am , here i stay """""""" . the translation soumois proposes for the xivth century manuscript goes approximately like this ( i won't bother to go into the etymological details , and i won [ t try to reproduce the original text : """""""" father ottokar , thou art then king of [ the city / poland ? ] , then the trone is for me """""""" . that one says to the other : """""""" come get the sceptre """""""" . and the king stroke staszrvich with the sceptre , and the nanny-goat [ ? ] fell on the floor / was left on the field . """""""" i also recommend , as an example of l2 morphology , the excellent passage in borduria that one can find in the french version of """""""" the calculus affair """""""" ( l ' affaire tournesol ) , unfortunately absent in the english version , and hopefully to be found again in the german version , if i can get it ( and probably not in the chinese version ) . there are also short passages of linguistic interest in destination moon and explorers on the moon , and , for arumbaya , in tintin and the broken ear . any useful or absolutely useless information welcome . richard desrochers
  """",0
  1409,""""Subject: etymo-dicts
   
   i ' m amazed and shocked that in his 2nd summary of etymological dictionaries , se rme 's again failed to mention under caucasian ( or anywhere else ) the incomparab le ( or is it incompatible ? ) : g . a . klimov . etimologicheskij slovar ' kartvel 's kix jazykov . 1964 . moskva : izdatel 's tvo akademii nauk cccp ( i mean sssr ) . [ etymological dictionary of the kartvelian languages - all four of them ! ]
  """",0
  1410,""""Subject: sum : mongolian - g -
   
   some weeks ago i posted a query as to the historical source of an epenthetic / g / , which appears between certain stem-final and suffix-initial vowels in mongolian . only sergej krylov knew about mongolian specifically , and his message appears below . > some remarks about the epenthetic / g / in mongolian . > as far as i know : > 1 ) in """""""" hard """""""" words it is not phonetically / g / , it is a > fricative sound ( written phonetically as the greek """""""" gamma """""""" ) . > in """""""" soft """""""" words it is / g / . ( note that the traditional terms for > """""""" hard """""""" and """""""" soft """""""" words are """""""" back """""""" and """""""" front """""""" recpectively , > but at least for khalkha the terms """""""" hard """""""" and """""""" soft """""""" are > preferable ) . > 2 ) historically it was not an epenthesis . on the contrary , in > proto - mongolian there was no long vowels , and between the > short vowels corresponding the modern mongolian """""""" morae """""""" > ( halves of the long syllables ) there was """""""" g """""""" . the old mongolian > script shows it rather clearly . then this """""""" g """""""" became > """""""" weakened """""""" between vowels , and then it was fully omitted , > and instead of two syllables appeared two-morae ( that is , > long ) syllables . > but there were some phonological positions where there > were no elision of """""""" g """""""" , namely , where two sequences of the > type v + g + v followed after each other . that is : vgv - - ) vv - - > long v ; but vgv + vgv - - ) vvgvv - - > long v + g + long v ( it was before > suffixes with initial vgv ) ( unfortunately i do n't know how to > represent """""""" gamma """""""" and the transcriptional symbol of length in ) this e-mail system and have to write """""""" g """""""" and """""""" long """""""" ) . > as a result of this process , the modern mongolian > epenthesis appeared . > the direction of the diachronic sound changes do not > necessarily coincide with the direction of the sound > alternation viewed from the purely synchronic point of view . > the example with the mongolian epenthesis is one of the > examples for it . > if my remarks are not clear enough , i can explain it > separately . > sincerely yours , > sergej a . krylov > ursula doleschal ( ursula . doleschal @ wu-wien . ac . at ) > institut f . slawische sprachen , wirtschaftsuniv . wien > augasse 9 , 1090 wien , austria > tel . : + + 43 - 1-31336 4115 , fax : + + 43 - 1-31336 744
  """",0
  1411,""""Subject: neurophysiology and written language
   
   i would be grateful for references to recent research that would fall under the category of neurophysiology . does anyone know of studies on aphasic or other kinds of patients who are trying to recover fluency in the use of language by using computers to communicate with therapists , caretakers , or doctors ? the focus of this type of research should be on the strengthening of neural networks through the use of computers by sending and receiving messages . it could also involve performing specific types of exercises that stress writing as opposed to speech . your assistance will be greatly appreciated . please reply to sotillo @ apollo . montclair . edu
  """",0
  1412,""""Subject: chinese rhymes - - help needed
   
   i am doing a study of rhyming practices in popular chinese verses . unfortunately , some of the corpora are only in characters , and my ability to read these is very limited . i am wondering if there is anybody out there who can read mandarin fluently who would be interested in collaborating ? alexis mr
  """",0
  1413,""""Subject: call for data : please post
   
   text follows : new words in native languages : a call for data do you have information about newly coined words in a native american language ? would you be willing to share the information ? my name is laura roller . i am a graduate student under the direction of dr . elizabeth brandt in the department of anthropology at arizona state university . i am researching new words coined in native american languages ( including native hawaiian ) for their semantic content . this research is part of a larger project investigating native american language renewal . i am seeking examples of coined words , along with morphological and semantic analysis to assist me as a non-speaker . if you have this kind of information , i would like to hear from you ! participation is of course voluntary , and return of information will be considered your consent to participate in the research . you can contact me at laura . roller @ asu . edu . besides the initial contact , some follow-up questioning via e-mail or by telephone may be necessary . questions about the research design may be directed to dr . elizabeth brandt at brandt @ anthro . la . asu . edu .
  """",0
  1414,""""Subject: sum : ' this ' and ' that '
   
   dear colleagues : last week i sent a query to this list asking you about the fomral opposition between ' this ' and ' that ' in the demonstratives ( june 4 , 6 . 772 , qs : ' this ' , . . . ) . i have received 26 responses by now , and so think it necessary to compile a quick summary today as i will be away from tokyo for more than two weeks starting tomorrow . the original text of my query was as follows : some present-day ' european ' languages have only one set of simple demonstratives and the opposition of ( this ) vs . < that > is expressed by the help of ( here ) and < there > : french ceci ' this ' ce livre-ci ' this book ' cela ' that ' ce livre-l ` a ' that book ' swedish det ha """""""" r ' this ' den ha """""""" r bilen ' this car ' det da """""""" r ' that ' den da """""""" r bilen ' that car ' estonian see siin ' this ' see maja siin ' this house ' see seal ' that ' see maja seal ' that house ' my sweidish - german dictionary ( stora tyska ordboken ) gives ( der hier ) and ( der da ) as colloquial ( familia """""""" r , umgangssprachlich ) german forms which conrrespond to ( den ha """""""" r ) and < den da """""""" r > , respectively . how common is a demonstrative system like this ? incidentally , japanese has a rather sophisticated three-way distinction here : kono hon ' this book ( you see here ) ' sono hon ' that book ( you see there ) , the book ( under discussion ) ' ano hon ' that book ( you see over there ) ' so i ' m afraid i will have to convince my students that the japanese are extravagant even in the way of using demonstratives . though the last paragraph was intended as an allusion to the way japanese tourists spend money overseas , quite a few people , both japanese and non - japanese , took it seriously and tried to convince me that the japanese language ( sic ! ) was by no means """""""" extravagant """""""" because it was not alone in having a three-way distinction in the demonstratives . some even drew my attention to the existence of a language with a five-way distinction . i thank them for the examples of various demonstrative systems they sent me , but this is not the point i wanted to discuss . perhaps i should have stated explicitly that i was interested in the morphology of demonstrative pronouns / adjectives . it is very important that french , for instance , has one basic demonstrative pronoun-adjective , i . e . ( ce ) , on the morph-lexical level , and that the speaker of french may optionally add an element meaning either ( here ) or < there > in order to make finer distinctions ( ce livre-ci , cette table-l ' a ) . in japanese , however , there 's no single basic demonstrative pronoun-adjective like ( ce ) in french : the speaker of japanese must always choose one from the set of three lexically distinct demonstrative forms . this is a big difference , and puzzels many of my students in my estonian syntax class . here are the responses which i think have direct relevance to my interest : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i imagine that your posting was a bit abbreviated , so did not mention the swedish demonstratives denna / detta / dessa and den / det / de , which in any case are grammatically correct but not usual in conversational speech ( """""""" den tiden , """""""" """""""" det aaret , """""""" """""""" de fraagorna """""""" ) . one would expect danish and norwegian to be similar in this regard to swedish , but unfortunately i have little information to contribute . while danish does has both den / det / de and so on plus the option of adding """""""" der """""""" ( """""""" tag den bog , """""""" """""""" naer saa du de mennesker ? """""""" ; """""""" hvad er det der ? """""""" , """""""" jeg tager dem ( der ) """""""" ) , i ' m not certain whether usage is quite the same , that is , whether the """""""" den der """""""" forms predominate as they do in swedish . [ . . . ] certain dialects of american english do use """""""" this here """""""" and """""""" that there , """""""" as attested by the way schoolteachers warn their students not to use those expressions . they ' re nonstandard and are regarded as uneducated usages , though i suspect that they actually come from older dialects of british descent in which they were acceptable . - - brian white ( bfwhite @ watson . ibm . com ) - - the use of compund demonstratives is indeed common in my own mother tongue , norwegian , and i believe in all ' scandinavian ' languages , ie norwegian , danish and swedish . i feel that it is a feature of colloquial speech , and i would be surprised to find it in ( formal ) writing . in fast speech the distinction between the two demonstratives tends to be lost , at least in my own dialect ( bergen , western norway ) : den her bilen - - - - ) 'd enner bilen ' ( this car ) den der bilen - - - - ) 'd enner bilen ' ( that car ) moreover , norwegian ( and , i believe , swedish + danish ) has the distinctions : den bilen vs denne bilen ( that car vs this car ; masc . ) det huset vs dette huset ( that house vs this house ; neu . ) which seem to correspond closely to this / that in english , and are perfectly acceptable in written and spoken norwegian . - - gisle andersen ( gisle . andersen @ eng . uib . no ) - - as a native speaker , i would not really use ( der hier ) even colloquial , ( der da ) is possible , an would more likely contrast with < der dort > , which implies that ( der da ) goes along with < this > and not with < that > ! but in general : it is always a problem for native speakers of german to acquire the this / that distinction , as we do not draw the same boundaries . maybe , a more formal ( in terms of the register ) would be : ( dieses ) ( this ) and < jenes > ( that ) - - this it at least what i use in translations ( and also what my german / english dictionary advises me to do - but never trust a dictionary ) . actually , we do not use ( jenes ) very much , it goes along with very formal speech and maybe even old - fashioned . - - gertraud benke ( gertraud @ leland . stanford . edu ) - - english colloquially , esp . black eng . vernacular , uses ' this here ' and ' that there . ' ' this book here ' vs . ' this book there ' sounds perfectly normal , while ' this here book ' and ' that there book ' sound mostly like american english from the south-east portion of the u . s . - - tim beasley ( tbeasley @ ucla . edu ) - - you might be interested to know that many dialects of english ( appalachian us , and therefore some british dialects as well ) have a similar opposition to the one you ' re talking about : this here dog that there dog there is more than one demonstrative used , but the """""""" here """""""" and """""""" there """""""" seem to be relics of some old germanic usage . - - james kirchner ( jpkirchner @ aol . com ) - - in some dialects of british english ( i ' m not excluding other varieties but i do n't know them well enough ) ' this here ' and ' that there ' are perfectly acceptable eg ' look at this here postcard that she sent me ' ' pick up that there bucket ' these are normal in my dialect - - david britain ( dbritain @ essex . ac . uk ) - - there is another funny case . in colloquial english , you can say """""""" this here x """""""" and """""""" that there x """""""" . in greek , there is """""""" afto edho """""""" ( usually pronounced """""""" aftodho """""""" ) and """""""" ekino eki """""""" ( """""""" ekinoki """""""" ) with the same meaning . ( """""""" dh """""""" = postdental fricative ) - - stavros macrakis ( macrakis @ osf . org ) - - interestingly , afrikaans , as a dutch - based creole , has developed ' hierdie ' ( litt . ' here-that ' ) for ' this ' , whereas dutch itself has no such system , using simply 'd eze ' for ' this ' and 'd ie ' for ' that ' . - - henk wolf ( h . a . y . wolf @ stud . let . ruu . nl ) - - i am not sure i understand the question correctly , but in italian ( northern italian at least ) you can say questo qui - or - questo qua ( this here ) instead of """""""" questo """""""" quello li ' - or - quello la ' ( that there ) instead of """""""" quello """""""" these are both colloquial forms . i cannot really say whether they are used in other parts of italy . - - anna mazzoldi ( mazzoldi @ iol . ie ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - it seems that with a few execptions ( italian dialects , greek ) , the phenomenon seems characteristic of germanic languages and languages that have gone through strong germanic influence ( french , estonian ) . note incidentally that finnish , which is genetically closely related to estonian , is on the japanese side , and that a similar split seems to exist among the romance languages as well . interesting ? the others gave me examples of """""""" richer """""""" demonstrative systems . if you are interested in those data , please ask me for a copy of the file which contains all the responses in the unedited form . my hearty thanks to the following people who have responded to my query : philippe l . valiquette ( phlcvali @ vm1 . ulaval . ca ) gertraud benke ( gertraud @ leland . stanford . edu ) brian white ( bfwhite @ watson . ibm . com ) tim beasley ( tbeasley @ ucla . edu ) adriano paolo palma ( pyapp @ sun22 . ccunix . ccu . edu . tw ) james kirchner ( jpkirchner @ aol . com ) eugene loos ( eugene . loos @ sil . org ) murat kural ( izzyfk6 @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu ) derek gowlett ( gowlett @ beattie . uct . ac . za ) jeff allen ( jhallen @ indiana . edu ) merce ( prat @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk ) nino ( n . vessella @ agora . stm . it ) david beck ( djbeck @ uvvm . uvic . ca ) debra r west / markell ( markell @ afterlife . ncsc . mil ) anna mazzoldi ( mazzoldi @ iol . ie ) stavros macrakis ( macrakis @ osf . org ) gisle andersen ( gisle . andersen @ eng . uib . no ) david britain ( dbritain @ essex . ac . uk ) henk wolf ( h . a . y . wolf @ stud . let . ruu . nl ) kiyoko takahashi ( gc610817 @ netserv . chula . ac . th ) philippe mennecier ( ferry @ cimrs1 . mnhn . fr ) david parkinson ( dp11 @ cornell . edu ) anton sherwood ( dasher @ netcom . com ) ( nebiye . kurtboeke @ arts . monash . edu . au ) kirk belnap ( belnapk @ yvax . byu . edu ) geoffrey s . nathan ( geoffn @ siu . edu ) ( as of 09 : 30 jst june 8 , 1995 ) best wishes kazuto kazuto matsumura kmatsum @ tooyoo . l . u-tokyo . ac . jp - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - institute for cross - cultural studies ( tooyoo gengo ) faculty of letters , university of tokyo hongo 7 - 3 - 1 , bunkyo - ku , tokyo 113 japan tel . + 81 - 3-5800 - 3754 fax : + 81 - 3-5800 - 3740 , 5803-2784 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  1415,""""Subject: mac parallel concordancer available
   
   before christmas i sent a message to the list about a mac concordance program called monoconc . that program is now available as monoconc . hqx from the ftp site at rice university . to retrieve the program , ftp to ftp . rice . edu and connect to the directory pub / ling . monoconc is a spin-off of another program i have been working on , which is paraconc . paraconc is a concordance program that works with parallel texts , i . e . , two texts ( translations ) that have been aligned so that sentence number n ( or linguistic unit n ) in language a is lined up with sentence n in language b . paraconc itself does not do any alignment ; hence the texts must be aligned manually ( i . e . , with a word processor ) or by using another program . once each text is loaded into the program , a search can be performed . as with monoconc , a word , part-of - word , or phrase can be entered . the program produces a numbered key-word - in-context concordance based on the occurrence of the search term in text a . a second window displays the sentences in text b that contain the translations of the concordance lines . the concordance lines can be sorted 1l or 1r and the results can be saved or printed . i am making paraconc available to the academic community as a standalone shareware program . i would be happy to receive corpora ( parallel or single ) in exchange . corpora for our use at rice university or for distribution to a wider community are all welcome . paraconc is available by ftp from ftp . rice . edu in the directory pub / ling . the program ( on a disk ) and manual can be purchased from athelstan ( 800-598 - 3880 ) . questions , complaints , and requests for different versions of the software can be sent to me . i am also interested in making contact with other linguists working or thinking about working with parallel texts for research and language teaching . michael barlow dept of linguistics rice university barlow @ ruf . rice . edu
  """",0
  1416,""""Subject: arizona and the web
   
   everybody : the url for linguistics at the university of arizona is now : http : / / radon . gas . uug . arizona . edu / ~ weinberg / index . html there is also now massive amounts of information describing just about every aspect of our undergraduate and graduate offerings , our programs , our faculty , etc . mike hammond
  """",0
  1417,""""Subject: fyi : hellenistic greek linguistics resources
   
   announcing : hellenistic greek linguistics on the internet [ with apologies for any multiple postings ] i am pleased to announce new resources designed to bring together scholars interested in the study of hellenistic ( including new testament ) greek linguistics . these resources include world wide web pages ( accessible with such programs as lynx , mosaic and netscape ) as well as a mailing list . as well as general discussion , the list ( which is archived on the web pages ) provides a forum for discussing the new reference grammar planned as a complete revision of blass , debrunner and funk 's standard work . the web pages include bibliographies and a ( newly started ) electronic archive of papers . to browse the web pages , go to the url : http : / / tartarus . uwa . edu . au / hgrk to subscribe to the mailing list , send a request to : jtauber @ tartarus . uwa . edu . au and to send a message to the entire list , write to : greek-grammar @ tartarus . uwa . edu . au please feel free to make enquires to jtauber @ tartarus . uwa . edu . au james k . tauber ( jtauber @ tartarus . uwa . edu . au ) 4th year honours student , centre for linguistics university of western australia , wa 6009 , australia
  """",0
  1418,""""Subject: case-marked locatives
   
   does anyone know about locative elements such as english _ there _ which are ( overtly ) case-marked , i . e . have a different form when used as subjects and objects ? if so , are there cases where the locative is also used as an expletive ( as in the english : _ there _ came a man ) ? please reply to me ( starke @ uni2a . unige . ch or the above one ) and i will post a summary , thanks michal starke .
  """",0
  1419,""""Subject: desparately seeking
   
   i am trying to get hold of a copy of a book reviewed in language last year : yolanda lastra ( 1992 ) sociolinguistica para hispanoamericanos . mexico city : el colegio de mexico none of the obvious people to get in touch with have answered my e-mail . does anyone on this list know how / where i can find this book ? even a snail-mail address for el colegio de mexico would be helpful . many thanks . david beck , university of victoria , canada djbeck @ uvvm . uvic . ca
  """",0
  1420,""""Subject: odd descriptions of character
   
   in discussing some old , and some contemporary , character descriptions given to people , i was wondering about some of their derivations . for instance , does anyone know of the origin and / or historical meaning of some of the following strange and humorous appellations ? nincompoop knucklehead blockhead nerd dweeb geek i expect some of the terms to have been fanciful phonological inventions ( such as in lewis carroll 's _ alice in wonderland _ ) , but others might actually be derived from meaningful ( even if pejorative ) references . if you have any input , i 'd like to hear it . thanks , michael beard wayne state university 73131 . 3101 @ compuserve . com
  """",0
  1421,""""Subject: fyi : url for cascadilla press
   
   cascadilla press now has their linguistics catalog available on the world wide web at http : / / www . shore . net / ~ cascadil / linguistics . html , including information on arboreal and the proceedings of the bu conference on language development .
  """",0
  1422,""""Subject: list of language lists version 1b
   
   the newest version of the list of language lists is now available by anonymous ftp from midir . ucd . ie in the directory / mgunn / everson michael everson , everson gunn teoranta 15 port chaeimhghein i / ochtarach ; baile a / tha cliath 2 ; e / ire * ireland gutha / in : + 353 1 478-2597 , + 353 1 283-9396 facsa : + 353 1 283-7778 27 pa / irc an fhe / ithlinn ; baile an bho / thair ; co . a / tha cliath ; e / ire
  """",0
  1423,""""Subject: home page for the journal language
   
   language , the journal of the linguistic society of america , now has a home page on the www . it can be found at the following address : http : / / semlab2 . sbs . sunysb . edu / language / language . html there is a link to it from the linguistics virtual library on the www . the home page contains a current style sheet for language , address information , and a table of contents for the forthcoming ( june ) issue . tables of contents for further issues will be added and updated as they become available . browsers are encouraged to send comments and suggestions for improvement to mkappus @ semlab2 . sbs . sunysb . edu
  """",0
  1424,""""Subject: swadesh list
   
   does anyone have a copy of the swadesh word list at hand ? i should like to get a copy by email as soon as is practicable . thanks in advance . adams bodomo bodomo @ csli . stanford . edu
  """",0
  1425,""""Subject: feminine-he , singular-they
   
   content - length : 8133 dear language scholars . i am presenting the following material as a discussion item . one of my ultimate purposes is to contribute to the revised oed due out in 2005 . for a paper i am currently working on , i ' m requesting comments and contributions . a summary will be forthcoming . feminine-he and singular-they mine is a new set of explanations for the two most regularly discussed grammatical oddities of english : indefinite / proverbial he and singular they . ( i will also touch on them and their . ) the orthodox view of pronoun history ( for she , they , them , their ) involves the north-to - south """""""" wave theory , """""""" as stated as early as 1866 by richard morris . it is the theory that is set forth in the oed and has never been questioned . the feminine h - stem , according to this accepted view , was displaced in the language in a wave of cultural diffusion when the feminine pronunciation began to approximate that of the masculine pronoun in the 12th and 13th centuries . the other pronouns discussed here also involved the north-to - south waves of diffusion . my contention is that the significant cause for the historical replacement of these pronouns ( except for the h - stem subject plural ) was the standardizing force exerted by the printing press - - it happened rather quickly - - not waves of cultural diffusion over centuries . in my analysis of the seventeen manuscripts of the a - version of piers plowman , the h - stem feminine is found with great regularity . how can this be explained ? in many lines , the occurrences in the manuscripts of h - stem feminines outnumber the sh - forms found in the same lines . many manuscripts use both forms . the manuscripts are copies of copies of copies . on the bases of the manuscripts that have been dated , i place the """""""" average """""""" manuscript within a few generations of the advent of printing . my explanation , perhaps the anglo - norman rulers had a predilection for a distinction in the masculine / feminine singular . while the folk generally used the bi-gendric """""""" egalitatian """""""" h - stem form in the vernacular , the more politically correct sh - form was preferred at oxford / cambridge , in proper social etiquette , and in writing when referring to a """""""" lady . """""""" when caxton began his enterprise , the sh - form ( as well as the others spoken of here ) became enforced as the correct form through the great power of the press . and the h - stem feminine remained known in the spoken language , alongside the sh - form , well beyond printing . it had not dropped from speech and become archaic by 1300 . when the """""""" prescriptive """""""" grammarians prescribed indefinite-he , this h - stem still carried in its semantic domain a bi-gendric reference . although the seventeen manuscripts of piers is my main corpus of evidence , there are various kinds of other evidence to support my theory for the late survival of the h - stem feminine in the colloquial of the middle ages . one of the more interesting is the existence of the h - stem feminine in gullah ( when and if west african origins are discounted ) . other supporting evidence can be found in various places in the oed . it is scanty and scattered , but nonetheless there . h - stem and sh - form feminines existed for centuries , side by side , as formal and informal , although , for sure , in many cases the distinction was lost . """""""" hi was a fair wifman """""""" is found in the mid - 14th century agenbite of inwyt ( i am currently translating this work ) . in it , the pronunciation of the feminine pronoun is the same as the modern masculine ! ( the vowel had not yet diphthongized ) . the supposition that this h - stem is a """""""" literary form , """""""" as suggested by the oed ( presumably this means copied in manuscript from an earlier exemplar ) is untenable because the agenbite was translated directly from french . i have extracted the pronoun paradigms from all the manuscripts of the a - version of piers . in addition to the great evidence for the wide use of the h - stem feminine centuries beyond its supposed demise , the h - stem plural ( although extremely rare ) can also be found ( in line prologue 63 it is used to satisfy alliteration ! ) . and in every manuscript of piers the h - stem obliques ( modern them and their ) are to be found ( often alongside the th - forms ) . and then , in a generation after printing , the h - stems for she , they , them , and their seem to vanish ! ! , at least from the written evidence . the h - stem feminine held wide currency in the colloquial of the middle ages and therefore , supported by other evidence , was not unknown to the prescriptive grammarians a few centuries later . the accepted theory that the h - stem feminine dropped from the language before 1300 , prior to the time the poem """""""" alysoun """""""" was written , is in need of revision . piers shows it to have been very much alive in the 15th century . an explanation for the replacement of the h - stem plural nominative by they , a replacement occurring earlier than the other pronouns in question , has never been proposed . would n't there have been pressure for some alternative to the oe h - stem subject plural as a result of the disappearance of the preterit plural during this period ? because the english verb lost its marker in the preterit for number , the h - stem plural ( which shared the same form with the feminine singular nominative ) became in some contexts ambiguous for number . a new form was needed . although a norse form may have reinforced it among northern speakers , there was a native singular form available from the same set of oe demonstratives that gave us the . the and they appear to be duplets . if this is so , then the singular morphology of they is in fact historical and has been alive in the colloquial for a very long time ! ! the , in oe a singular , developed as a singular / plural ( the car / cars ) , extended to the accusative , but lost its absolute ( stand-alone ) use . they , retaining the pronunciation of oe the , was restricted to the nominative , and became the unambiguous written plural by 1400 - - but in the colloquial it retained also its singular morphology . later , in regard to them and their , caxton used the th - forms as the unambiguous plurals because the h - stems for these pronouns had throughout england a tremendous diversity of forms . for example , in one ( written ) dialect her would be a feminine / singular / possesive , in another it would be an all-genders / plural / possesive . caxton needed forms that would be universally understood , hence the written th - form obliques replaced the h - stems in an historic blink of the eye - - not in a wave of cultural diffusion that coincidentally wafted through london at the time caxton set up his print shop . a well supported case can be made for the late survival of the h - stem feminine , into the 15th century , and hence a case for its cultural currency at the time of the prescriptive grammarians . if this is so , the exclusion of one gender from """""""" cognitive space """""""" would not apply , and hence the motives of these grammarians would have to be reassessed . if in fact the sapir - whorf hypothesis does apply to pronouns , then i invite comment to help me understand two facts . 1 ) that for two-thirds of the history of english the subject pronoun used to refer to a group of men / boys was a form that was identical to the feminine singular ; and 2 ) the expression by a pronoun of """""""" possessing """""""" something by men / boys was also for two-thirds of the history of english expressed by a form that was morphologically marked for feminine but not masculine .
  """",0
  1426,""""Subject: q : """""""" english only """"""""
   
   content - length : 1562 my recent query on wwi era suppression of german in iowa has brought up another issue . many in the linguistics field commonly use a term """""""" english only """""""" by which they mean a movement whose members ( many of whom are non-native english speakers ) refer to themselves as the """""""" official english movement """""""" . to me the term """""""" english only """""""" , possibly intentionally , implies a total ban on the use of any other language . the only proposed """""""" official english """""""" amendment i ' ve seen is the one proposed by the organization u . s . english . it stated very clearly that it was not to be construed as restricting the use of languages other than english in private life , daily business affairs , or in situations in which the speaker 's safety is at stake . i ' ve also seen polls , particularly from california , that claim that anywhere from 60 % to 85 % of various immigrant groups , that would be affected by such an amendment , actually favor one , in direct opposition to activist groups claiming to represent them . i can't imagine people favoring an """""""" english only """""""" amendment that would place a total ban on use of their native languages . leaving aside the blanket idea that """""""" life is politics , """""""" can anyone tell me of a recent case ( say , in the last 30 years ) in which a law that would completely ban use of languages other than english has come up for a vote somewhere in the u . s . ? i do n't think it 's impossible . i 'd just like to see one , if there have been any . james kirchner
  """",0
  1427,""""Subject: functions of language www home page
   
   content - length : 1277 the journal devoted to functional approaches to language , * functions of language * , now has its own 3w home page . the url is : http : / / allserv . rug . ac . be / ~ dnoel / folhome . html there you will find links to the journal 's statement of purpose , some notes for contributors , its style sheet , and the tables of contents of past and forthcoming issues . do have a look ! dirk noel contragram dept . of english university of gent rozier 44 b-9000 gent belgium phone : + 32 9 264 3789 fax : + 32 9 264 4179 e - mail : dirk . noel @ rug . ac . be
  """",0
  1428,""""Subject: 2nd issue contragram on www
   
   content - length : 1340 a hypertext version of the second issue of contragram , the quarterly newsletter of the university of gent 's contrastive grammar research group , is now available on the web . it can be accessed through the url http : / / allserv . rug . ac . be / ~ dnoel / index . html ) from the table of contents : corpus research and the patterns of ( french ) * pretendre * bilingual dictionaries and corpus research frequency data from corpus research : the case of ( dutch ) * beslissen * comments welcome ! dirk noel contragram dept . of english university of gent rozier 44 b-9000 gent belgium e - mail : dirk . noel @ rug . ac . be
  """",0
  1429,""""Subject: re : a * real * virus alert ( fwd )
   
   fyi about what looks like the real thing this time . cherilyn : ) - - - - - - - - - - forwarded message - - - - - - - - - - date tue , 6 jun 1995 09 : 43 : 50 - 0400 > from notes . wmyer @ a50vm1 . trg . nynex . com to : revwar @ unh . edu subject re : a * real * virus alert what is pkzip ? pkzip is the most common way of compressing computer files so they take up less room on a hard disk or less time to transmit over a data communications link . many people have , and use , this family of shareware products . pkware 's current legitimate version of pkzip is 2 . 04g . this , and earlier versions may be assumed to be safe . how is a trojan horse different than a virus ? the bogus pkzip products are files with pkz300 or pkz300b with either a . zip or . exe suffix . unlike a virus , these programs do not replicate themselves nor """""""" infect """""""" anything . they do their damage to that one pc that runs the trojan - horsed bogus program . it cannot spread , unless a person gives out a copy of the bogus program . . what happens if you use this bogus version of pkzip ? the unwary victim downloads the file from a bbs run by less than through operators . if the victim runs the . exe form of the bogus program , it erases the hard disk immediately . if the . zip form is downloaded and """""""" unzipped """""""" , the pkzip & pkunzip . exe programs will erase the hard disk when executed . special note to notes / lan admins : if a lan - attached pc were to run this trojan - horse type program , it would be safe to assume all the lan accessible files that can be deleted with the privileges of the logged-on user , will be at risk . note : no anti-virus packages guard against trojan horses . antivirus mechanisms guard against the pc & the pc operating system from being fooled . trojan horses fool the pc user . what you must do : inform all your technically astute pc users about this trojan horse , bogus pkzip version . tell them to beware . do not download or use any pkzip type programs from any bbs . until this situation wanes , all pkzip products brought into a pc are suspect . i have the honour and privilege to remain yr humble svt , walter h myer , major brigade adjutant brigade of the american revolution
  """",0
  1430,""""Subject: ape language
   
   the latest issue of the journal of nih research ( vol 7 , no . 1 jan . 1995 pp . 50-55 ) contains a short review article by pat shipman on human evolution . on the cover , the article is referred to as """""""" fading lines between apes and humans , """""""" but actually it is titled """""""" climbing the family tree : what makes a hominid a hominid ? """""""" . the discussion on linguistic abilities might be of interest to other subscribers to the linguist list . the author discusses kanzi and sue savage - rumbaugh 's 1994 book """""""" kanzi : the ape at the brink of the human mind , """""""" [ john wiley and sons , ny ] . according to savage - rumbaugh , kanzi does have a rudimentary grammar , can use displaced referents and arbitrary symbols ( in this case , icons or """""""" lexigrams """""""" on a computer ) . s - r thinks his ability equals that of a 2 year old child . in later section , the work of derek bickerton ( """""""" language and species , """""""" 1990 [ university of chicago press ] is summarized . bickerton admits that kanzi , other apes and young children use """""""" proto-language , """""""" but not full language because of the lack if grammatical elements . most of the rest of the section on language is devoted to broca 's area and cortical specialization . - - john
  """",0
  1431,""""Subject: latex and macintosh
   
   you ' ve already made up your mind , it seems , but i want to point out that there are four implementations of tex and latex for the macintosh , three shareware and one commercial . besides the very weak ( in my not particularly humble opinion ) wsuipa fonts , latex allows the use of adobe type 1 and type 3 ( """""""" postscript """""""" ) fonts , so that you can use the sil ipa fonts , or those available commercially from adobe ( times roman , stone sans serif and stone serif ) or ecological linguistics ( cf . the recent message from lloyd anderson ) . this is true whichever platform you decide to use . rich alderson
  """",0
  1432,""""Subject: program on indigenous languages of brazil
   
   a typo in my recent announcement about the specialization program on indigenous languages of brazil has been brought to my attention by several list members . the program intends to prepare linguists to do research on indigenous languages from brazil providing intensive training on methodologies for description and analysis of data as well as on the evaluation and reanalysis of published and unpublished materials on brazilian indigenous languages . it will take place between august / 95 and june / 96 in the national museum of the federal university of rio de janeiro . note that the application period was not correct on the previous posting . the correct date is july / 95 . for further information , please contact maia @ vms1 . nce . ufrj . br * exit *
  """",0
  1433,""""Subject: important re : 6 . 68 sum : american dialect society
   
   correction to the annoucements about american dialect socisty list ) or you may join by writing to : ) ) ads - l @ uga . cc . uga . edu ) ) and send the message : sub ads-l do not send this message to this address . that is the address of the list itself ; sending """""""" sub ads-l """""""" to it will simply explode that message out to all the members of the list , without subscribing the sender at all . the subscribe message should be sent """""""" listserv @ uga . cc . uga . edu """""""" . ads - l is an unmoderated group ; subscription requests will not be intercepted , and we can do without dozens of them shooting through to each member . ) ) the ads has also its own server : ) ) listserv @ uga . bitnet ) ) or ) ) listserv @ uga . cc . uga . edu this is of course where any administrative requests should be sent . jesse t sheidlower editor random house reference ( jester @ panix . com ) ( 212 ) 572-4917
  """",0
  1434,""""Subject: modern greek acquisition
   
   ursula stephany has just finished a long and detailed chapter on the acquisition of modern greek for volume 4 of _ the crosslinguistic study of language acquisition _ ( ed . dan i . slobin , scheduled for 1995 publication by lawrence erlbaum associates ) . contact her for an advance copy : e-mail : am001 @ aix370 . rrz . uni - koeln . de address : institut fuer sprachwissenschaft , universitaet zu koeln , d 5000 koeln 41 , germany . dan slobin ( slobin @ cogsci . berkeley . edu )
  """",0
  1435,""""Subject: 12th ichl , manchester , august 1995
   
   here is the revised programme for the twelfth international conference on historical linguistics , hulme hall , manchester , 13-18 august 1995 . please note new dialling codes and revised phone numbers at the university of manchester up to the time of the conference : + 44 ( 0 ) 161-275 3194 or 3042 ( phone ) + 44 ( 0 ) 161-275 3187 ( fax only ) conference e-mail address : ichl1995 @ man . ac . uk bookings are still welcome ( discounted price until 15 june ) : e-mail / phone for info . if you can't attend , you can still get the book of abstracts as a member of ishl ( 15 pounds subscription ) . delegates whose papers have been accepted are reminded that a few camera-ready abstracts are still awaited : send to arrive by 30 june at the very latest . in extremis , e-mail text is preferable to fax . the book of abstracts will be mailed with final circular on 10-11 july . conference programme : sunday 13 august trip to grasmere and dove cottage ( lake district ) registration monday 14 august 9 . 00 welcoming address 9 . 05 plenary : alice harris , the mechanism of syntactic change session 1 10 . 05 wolfgang wurzel , on the development of incorporating structures in german 11 . 00 carol chapman , a subject-verb agreement hierarchy : evidence from analogical change in modern english dialects 11 . 30 dieter kastovsky , morphological restructuring : the case of old english and middle english weak verbs session 2 10 . 05 dudley k . nylander , creolisation and the nautical jargon theory : synchronic and diachronic perspectives 11 . 00 jacques arends , the development of clause linkage in suriname creoles 11 . 30 adrienne bruyn , complex prepositional phrases in sranan : grammaticalisation , substrate influence or both ? session 3 10 . 05 paul newman , the history of negation in chadic 11 . 00 ton van der wouden , the development of marked negation systems 11 . 30 jack hoeksema , the story of _ ooit _ session 4 10 . 05 silvia luraghi , zero anaphora of the direct object in classical greek 11 . 00 anatoliy polikarpov & richard schupbach , age of a word in the evolutionary model of language 11 . 30 renate raffelsiefen , semantic stability in derivationally related words 12 . 00 plenary : ian roberts , markedness , creolization and language change session 1 2 . 00 peter hendriks , kakari particles and the merger of the predicative and attributive forms in the japanese verbal system 2 . 30 kaoru horie , the cognitive nature of grammaticalization of overt nominalizers in modern japanese 3 . 00 anthony aristar , nominal type and the grammaticalization of cases session 2 2 . 00 leonid kulikov , vedic causative nasal presents and their thematic counterparts 2 . 30 warnow , don ringe , ann taylor & levison , character - based reconstruction of a linguistic cladogram 3 . 00 a . t . c . fox , on simplicity in linguistic reconstruction session 3 2 . 00 jean - luc azra , historical apparition of phonemic french nasal vowels 2 . 30 j . a . van leuvensteijn , vowel variation and adaptation in 16th and 17th century holland : language problems for immigrants 3 . 00 paul m . lloyd , the """""""" invisible hand """""""" at work : phonemic change as a """""""" phenomenon of the third kind """""""" session 4 2 . 00 masayuki ohkado , verb ( projection ) raising in old english 2 . 30 ans van kemenade , topics in old and middle english negative sentences 3 . 00 susan pintzuk , postposition in old english session 1 4 . 00 wallace l . chafe , borrowing within polysynthetic words 4 . 30 marianne mithun , the legacy of recycled aspect session 2 4 . 00 harold paddock , a deconstruction of pie laryngeals 4 . 30 tim pulju , indo - european * d - , * l - , and * dl session 3 4 . 00 isabel forbes , twenty years in the life of french colour terms 4 . 30 andrei danchev , word - final / b / / d / / g / in the history of english session 4 4 . 00 young - mee yu cho , language change as reranking of constraints 4 . 30 bjarke frellesvig , some recent changes in the tonology of kyoto japanese 5 . 00 plenary : theo vennemann , sprachbuende and language families in prehistoric europe evening reception at residence of university vice - chancellor , professor martin harris tuesday 15 august session 1 9 . 00 april mcmahon , insertion and deletion sound changes modelled in three phonological frameworks 9 . 30 mario saltarelli , from latin meter to romance rhythm : a parametric account 10 . 00 elke ronneberger - sibold , restructuring the rules for stress assignment in german ? evidence to the contrary 11 . 00 seiichi suzuki , the decline of the foot as a mora counting unit in early germanic 11 . 30 rachel mines , a generative model of old english poetic meter session 2 9 . 00 william j . ashby & paola bentivoglio , preferred argument structure across time and space 9 . 30 nicholas ostler , the development of transitivity in chibchan languages of colombia 10 . 00 theodora bynon , why has ergativity developed only in indic and iranian ? 11 . 00 allan dench , comparative reconstitution 11 . 30 michela cennamo , late latin pleonastic reflexives and the unaccusative hypothesis session 3 9 . 00 grev corbett & norman fraser , network morphology , synchrony and diachrony : an approach to syncretism 9 . 30 concepcion company - company , the interplay between form and meaning in the evolution of spanish : the case of cannibalistic datives 10 . 00 joel rini , the vocalic formation of the spanish verbal suffixes _ - ais / - as , - eis / - es , - is , - ois / - os _ 11 . 00 herbert schendl , morphological variation and change : the emode indicative plural 11 . 30 christiane dalton , english deverbal adjectives before and after the """""""" french revolution """""""" session 4 9 . 00 martin ehala , how a man changed a parameter value : the loss of sov in estonian subclauses 9 . 30 sharon millarm , language prescription : a success in failure 's clothing ? 10 . 00 richard j . watts , the changing voices of english grammarians : an approach to historical discourse analysis 11 . 00 john hewson , tense and aspect in proto - indoeuropean and ancient greek 11 . 30 vit bubenik , the development of aspect from ancient slavic to modern bulgaro - macedonian 12 . 00 plenary : barry blake , verb affixes from case markers : some australian examples session 1 2 . 00 ricardo bermudez - otero , ambisyllabicity in english historical phonology 2 . 30 donka minkova , constraint ranking in middle english stress-shifting 3 . 00 c . b . mccully , word - level stress rules in english historical phonology 4 . 00 robert w . murray , quantity in early middle english : orm 's phonological-orthographic interface 4 . 30 john hutton , the development of secondary stress in old english session 2 2 . 00 william croft , bringing chaos into order : mechanisms for the actuation of language change 2 . 30 suzanne kemmer , analogy in syntactic change : the rise of new constructions 3 . 00 margaret winters & geoffrey nathan , bringing the invisible hand to cognitive grammar 4 . 00 attila dobo , gyori & iren hegedus , a cognitive-naturalist look at the connection between inflectional and derivational morphology 4 . 30 peter koch , cognitive aspects of semanic change and polysemy : the """""""" semantic space """""""" have / be session 3 2 . 00 d . nurse , change in tense and aspect 2 . 30 anju saxena , diverging sources of newer tense / aspect morphology in tibeto - kinnauri 3 . 00 carmen terzan - kopecky , kategoriale entfaltungsprozesse : das tempussystem des deutschen 4 . 00 christopher lyons , the origins of definiteness marking 4 . 30 harry perridon , is the definite article in jutlandic a borrowing from german ? session 4 2 . 00 paul sidwell , vowel height and register tone in mon - khmer languages : evidence for vowel colouring laryngeals 2 . 30 martha ratliff , language alignment within the hmong - mien ( miao - yao ) family 3 . 00 cigdem balim , syntactic change in turkic languages : karaim and gagauz 4 . 00 margaret sharpe , the evolution of alawa , a north australian language : internal and external evidence 4 . 30 ian greenm the grammaticisation of verb compounding in northern australia 5 . 00 plenary : aditi lahiri , pervasion , simplification and optimization in language change evening reception at manchester town hall wednesday 16 august session 1 9 . 00 kate burridge , recent developments in modal auxiliaries in pennsylvanian german 9 . 30 thomas f . shannon , pragmatics vs grammar : on the functional motivation for some word order changes in dutch vs german 10 . 00 anna giacalone ramat , on some grammaticalization patterns for auxiliaries session 2 9 . 00 xavier dekeyser , loss of proto-typical meanings in the history of english semantics 9 . 30 laurel brinton , the origin of epistemic parentheticals in english 10 . 00 nik gisborne , the subjectivisation hypothesis : counter-evidence from the history of subject-raising ` perception ' verbs in english session 3 9 . 00 denis dumas , variation between the french clitics _ y _ and _ lui _ : semantics vs morphology 9 . 30 pieter van reenen & lene schoesler , declension in old and middle french : two opposing tendencies 10 . 00 hava bat - zeev shyldkrot le verbe _ voir _ : le developpement d ' un auxiliaire en francais session 4 9 . 00 jan terje faarlund , the changing structure of infinitival clauses in nordic 9 . 30 susan clack , have and be in brythonic celtic 10 . 00 alan h . kim , is quantifier - floating in japanese a recent innovation ? contextual analysis of the nq construction in old japanese 10 . 30 poster session and coffee session 1 11 . 00 paul t . roberge , multilevel syncretism and the evolution of afrikaans periphrastic possessive with _ se _ 11 . 30 muriel norde , grammaticalization vs reanalysis : the case of possessive constructions in germanic session 2 11 . 00 michael barlow , anaphors , agreement and grammaticalization 11 . 30 anna siewierska , on the origins of the order of agreement and tense markers session 3 11 . 00 chris pountain , capitalization 11 . 30 christiane marchello - nizia , the status of very low-frequency data as evidence in historical linguistics session 4 11 . 00 fred weerman , syntactic effects of morphological case 11 . 30 eirikur rcgnvaldsson & hroarsdottir , the stability and decline of ov word order in the icelandic vp 12 . 00 plenary : susan herring , ) from nominal to verbal predication in old dravidian : the discourse roots of category change afternoon free evening reception , buffet and exhibition at john rylands university library irish pub crawl thursday 17 august 9 . 00 plenary : paul kiparsky , the development of ergativity session 1 10 . 00 merja kytoe & voutilainen , developing the english constraint grammar parser for the analysis of historical texts 11 . 30 jonathan hope , auxiliary _ do _ : stylistics as a key to understanding language change 12 . 00 sylvia adamson , the historical present in early modern english session 2 10 . 00 marc picard , morphophonemic change as a product of frequency 11 . 00 roger lass , when is a sound change ? on telling the story of / r / - loss and its friends in english 11 . 30 betty phillips , word frequency and lexical diffusion in english stress shifts session 3 10 . 00 bridget drinka , the development of aspect in indo - european : clues from chronology 11 . 00 lilly lee chen , the evolution of the verb _ shi _ ` to be ' in chinese 11 . 30 carol justus , lexical and auxiliary have in indo - european session 4 10 . 00 andreas blank , towards a new typology of semantic change 10 . 30 beatrice warren , what is metonymy ? 11 . 30 christian kay , homonymy revisited : a multifactorial approach 12 . 00 plenary : anthony kroch , the time course of language change session 1 2 . 00 thomas cravens & luciano giannelli , sociolinguistic disturbance of implicational sound change 2 . 30 terttu nevalainen & helena raumolin - brunberg , reconstructing the social dimensions of diachronic language change 3 . 00 joyce tang boyland , a corpus study of the history of the past counterfactual in english : a case of grammaticalisation ? session 2 2 . 00 monique dufresne , fernande dupuis & mireille tremblay , expletives and change in french : a morphological approach to diachronic syntax 2 . 30 josep fontana , the syntax of old spanish narratives 3 . 00 cecilia poletto , the diachronic development of enclitic subject pronouns in lombard dialect session 3 2 . 00 claudia parodi & karen dakin , hispanisms in american indian languages : evidence for old spanish phonological reconstruction 2 . 30 kimberley parsons , some constraints on the borrowability of syntactic features ( and why none of them work ) 3 . 00 edith h . raidt , a comparison of morphological changes in the dutch of postwar immigrants in south africa , and those in the cape dutch of the early 18th century session 4 2 . 00 henning andersen , a new frontier in slavic historical dialectology 2 . 30 maria manoliu - manea , ) from _ deixis ad oculos _ to discourse markers via _ deixis ad phantasma _ 3 . 00 anneli sarhimaa , syntactic parallels in russian and karelian : some methodological problems 4 . 00 business meeting 5 : 00 plenary : elizabeth traugott , the role of the development of discourse markers in a theory of grammaticalization time not yet assigned : john charles smith exaptation and the evolution of personal pronouns in the romance languages evening conference dinner at adlington hall friday 18 august workshops 1 . changes in numeral systems organiser : jadranka gvozdanovic bernard comrie language change and cultural change in haruai numerals jadranka gvozdanovic types of numeral changes james hurford modelling emergence of numeral systems by genetic algorithm carol justus pre - decimal structures in counting and metrology eugenio ramon lujan martinez how the indo - european numeral system evolved into decimal 2 . the rise and fall of complex sentences organisers : lyle campbell and alice harris there will be papers by lyle campbell , allan dench , andrew garrett and spike gildea . there will also be a general discussion session . 3 . the influence of the hansa and low german on european languages organisers : laura wright and ernst hakon jahr there will be papers by kurt braunmueller , anne haavaldsen , ernst hakon jahr , jim milroy , muriel norde and laura wright . saturday 19 august trip to haddon hall and chatsworth
  """",0
  1436,""""Subject: re : american - english in australia
   
   hello ! i ' m working on a thesis concerning attitudes toward america and the use of american - english by australia . i would be interested in hearing from anyone who has researched this field or who knows of recent research . i ' m particularly interested in the methods used to illicit or ascertain the use of target vocabulary ( eg . pharmacist vs chemist , candy vs lollies etc . ) if you can help , please email jmar2 @ mfs01 . cc . monash . edu . au an edited list of responses will be posted on the linguist list thank you , jessica marks = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = jmar2 @ mfs01 . cc . monash . edu . au
  """",0
  1437,""""Subject: parsers for russian
   
   this query was also posted to seelangs - - apologies in advance for redundancy . i ' m a doctoral candidate in slavic linguistics at the university of washington . this summer , though , i ' m interning at educational testing service in princeton , nj , where i ' m working with the natural language initiative headed by randy kaplan . as part of my summer project here , i wanted to look at parsers which people may have built for russian . anyone know where i could find some to look at , or know someone who would know ? suggestions for reading on non - english language parsers are also welcome . thanks in advance for any information , lisa frumkes lfrumkes @ ets . org
  """",0
  1438,""""Subject: corpus software
   
   i ' m about to computerize a sociolinguistic corpus of spoken french and english . i would be grateful to anybody who could give me some information about concording and text retrival softwares . i ' m using a macintosh micro-computer . thanks . . . louise charbonneau - lloyd
  """",0
  1439,""""Subject: summary : half a day
   
   dear readers , many thanks to all respondents ( 51 ) who sent replies to my query about time phrases and native-speaker judgments . there were too many replies to acknowledge individually . many of you asked for a summary , so here goes . # # = strongly preferred , # = good , ? = awkward , x = bad , yuck the figures following each phrase give the number of votes cast in each category . they do n't all add up to 51 because some respondents ( rs ) expressed only their first preference . # # # ? x 1 the family spent . . . . . . . in ipswich . a . a day and a half 24 26 0 0 b . one and a half days 1 31 7 7 c . thirty-six hours 1 29 6 9 this makes [ a ] a clear winner , but for many rs [ b ] and [ c ] are acceptable , too , depending on context . comments : a . implies enough time to socialize ; implies most of sunday spent in ipswich , leaving at noon on monday b . implies ipswich was part of a series of visits ; implies an overnight stay ; part of a list ; stilted c . military / aeronautical ; whirlwind tour ; every moment packed with feverish activity ; at a conference - one and a half days spent on syntax ; working under time pressure ; airplane layover / waystation ; ok for negative experiences ( flu / jail ) . ( i take it a ' layover ' is us for british 's topover ' , or maybe it 's a stopover with a visit to a girlfriend ? ) 2 . it took me . . . . . . . . to write the book . a . six months 16 34 0 0 b . a half-year 0 10 9 25 c . half a year 3 44 1 1 while there is a preference for [ a ] , [ c ] is not far behind . [ b ] is problematic . comments : a . feels shorter ; not as much effort required as ' half a year ' b . suggests an academic half-year ; yuck , unnatural ; sounds non-native or british ( from american rs ) ; sounds american ( from british rs ) ; ok in financial contexts - a half year is either the first or second half , not an arbitrary 6 month period c . sounds longer than six months ; emphatic , with stress on ' year ' - 3 we ' ll be leaving in . . . . . . . a . half an hour 6 44 0 0 b . a half-hour 2 24 10 11 [ a ] wins . [ b ] splits people into two roughly equal camps . comments : b . sounds formal ; awkward ; funny ; sounds normal - we ' ll be leaving inna haf our ( from now ) . 4 tom worked for . . . . . . . . . in a lab a . a year and a half 13 37 1 0 b . one and a half years 0 32 6 7 c . eighteen months 3 39 6 0 while [ a ] wins , the other two are n't so far behind . comments : a . least exact . b . more exact ; part of calculation ( eg for pension ) ; stilted ; fussy . c . most exact ; emphasizes duration ; ok for children 's ages upto two years ; ok in contexts where precision is required ; suggests tom was less involved in the job ; maybe a temporary job . using months for time greater than a year , and hours for time greater than a day makes the time seem more rushed ; half an inch is ok but not half a foot , but half a yard is ok if bying cloth even though we do n't normally speak of half a yard . the overall impression that i get is that context and pragmatic considerations determine which lexical item will be acceptable in any given slot , and even then there is considerably more tolerance for some expressions than i would have thought possible / probable . three rs said all eleven phrases are 100 % ok . i have n't given details of rs ' background / nationality etc , since not all rs gave me details . however , about three-quarters of replies came from the usa . i hope this has been of some interest . many thanks for your response . roger maylor dept of linguistics and english language university of durham , uk
  """",0
  1440,""""Subject: sum : moo sites
   
   about a week ago , i posted a query about language moo sites . i have received several responses so far , which i now post as a summary . i thank the following people , who kindly responsed : jonathan cardozo , dorine s . houston , janice cook , kristina harris , and phoenix lundstrom , and susan simon . the moo and mud sites for foreign languages are : moo sites french : moo francais telnet logos . daedalus . com 8888 italian : little italy moo telnet ipo . tesi . dsi . unimi . it 4444 $ b ! k ( b latin : mugit at pennmoo telnet ccat . sas . upenn . edu 7777 spanish : mundohispanno telnet kong . syr . edu 8888 english : schmooze university telnet arthur . rutgers . edu 8888 multi : moosaico telnet moo . di . uminho . pt 7777 mud sites german : morgengrauen telnet mud . uni-muenster . de 4711 swedish : svenskmud telnet bodil . lysator . liu . se 2043 the following www addresses are particularly useful for obtaining information about moo . http : / / babel . uoregon . edu / yamada / interact . html http : / / tecfa . unige . ch / edu-comp / dujvre / vol1 / no1 / education _ moos . text http : / / www . cs . bsu . edu / homepages / siering / moo . html http : / / www . daedalus . com / net / mootips . html http : / / www . itp . berkeley . edu / ~ thorne / moo . html http : / / www . peg . apc . org / ~ firehorse / mmm / mmm . html http : / / www . pitt . edu / ~ jrgst7 / moocentral . html http : / / www . scs . unr . edu / homepage / kristina / language . muds . html http : / / babel . uoregon . edu / yamada / interact . html here are some of the messages i received : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - to : takizawa < g44409a @ nucc . cc . nagoya-u . ac . jp > learners of english can meet one another and esl / efl teachers at schmooze university to get there , telnet to arthur . rutgers . edu 8888 at the welcome screen ( an arch with a cow at the left ) type connect guest the next screen guides you to choose a name by which you will be known at schmooze . after that , type @ gender m / f ( to indicate whether you are male or female finally , type @ describe me as < message - - whatever you wnat to say about yourself > then you can type map to see your way around , or you can type classroom to be teleportedto a moo - learning environment . to talk to people , type """""""" before each utterance , and you will be heard . to find out who else is on the moo , type @ who and a list will appear , to talk to one of thepeople on the list type page < name > < """""""" message > ( note starting with """""""" the owners are archy are mehitabel . helpful teachers are colega , gregor , paul ( who is in japan ) , tearose , gumby , fiver , holiday , sarah . sarah is very young - - good with students , as is holiday . moondo hispano is a spanish site . telnet to io . syr . edu 8888 use the command connect guest to get in and the same instructions as apply for schmooze u . helpful people include colega , tearose ( both also on schmooze ) , alfonso _ diez , marisol , josechu , diego . i know and participate in some others that are n't specifically language-learnin g oriented . but the above are designed especially for language learners . cheers , dorine dorine houston temple university philadelphia , pa v2188g @ temple vm or v2188g @ vm . temple . edu - - - - - - - - - - the following is from archivist for tesl - l - - - - - - - to : naohiro takizawa < g44409a @ nucc . cc . nagoya-u . ac . jp > tesl - l has a reference file that you might want to look at . send the command get moo file tesl - l f = mail in a message addressed to listserv @ cunyvm . cuny . edu moo site addresses are in there somewhere . yours , susan simon stscc @ cunyvm . cuny . edu archivist for tesl - l - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - thank you very much once again for your help ! sincerely , naohiro takizawa faculty of language and culture , nagoya university furo - cho , chikusa - ku , nagoya 464-01 , japan e - mail : g44409a @ nucc . cc . nagoya-u . ac . jp phone : + 81 - ( 0 ) 52-789 - 4197 ( office )
  """",0
  1441,""""Subject: summary : verb-particles
   
   many thanks to all of you who responded to my request for references on phrasal verbs / particles . i have n't had time to track down the details of some of the leads i got , but i have most of them , and since i ' ll soon be leaving town for much of the summer , had best post what i have . i ' ll find the rest when i get back . here it is , and thanks again . the respondents ; bas aarts , hans broekhuis , andrew carnie , richard dearmond , stig eliasson , larry gorbet , olaf koeneman , steve matthews , geoff nathan , douglas ol iver , haj ross , joanna rubba , goerel sandstroem , robin schafer , michael b . smith , tim stowell , bob wachal , debra yeager . the references aarts , bas 1989 . verb - preposition constructions and small clauses in english . journal of linguistics 25 . 277-290 . aarts , bas . 1989 . small clauses in english : the non-verbal types . berlin : mouton de gruyter . brugmann , claudia . 1981 . the story of over . ma thesis , university of california , berkeley . carnie , andrew , heidi harley , and elizabeth pyatt . 1994 . old irish : a double derivative of vso . paper presented at flsm and celtic linguistic s conference , ucd . dagut , menachem & batia laufer . 1985 . avoidance of phrasal verbs : a case for contrastive analysis . studies in second language acquisition 7 , 73-79 . dearmond , richard . a paper on www , which i have n't yet managed to access , but here 's the address ; someone may have better luck : http : / / saunders . ling . sfu . ca / den dikken , marcel . 1995 . particles . oxford university press . gold , elaine . paper or ma thesis on yiddish . gueron , jacqueline . 1986 . clause union and the verb - particle construction in english . nels 16 . hawkins , john . 1994 . a performance theory of order and constituency . cambridge university press hoekstra , teun and rene mulder . 1990 . unergatives as copular verbs : locational and existential predication . the linguistic review 7 . 1-79 . hulstijn , jan h . & e . marchena . 1989 . avoidance : grammatical or semantic causes ? studies in second language acquisition 11 , 241-255 . studies in second language acquisition 11 , 241-255 . kayne , richard . 1985 . principles of particle constructions . in j . gueron , h . - g . obenauer , & j . - y pollock , eds . grammatical representation , 101-140 . dordrecht : foris . koopman , hilda . 1991 . the verb-particle construction and the syntax of pps . ms . ucla . laufer , batia & stig eliasson . 1993 . what causes avaoidance in l2 learning : l1-l2 difference , l1-l2 similarity , or l2 complexity ? studies in secondlanguage acquisition 15 , 35-48 . lindner , sue . 1981 . a lexico - semantic analysis of english verb - particle constructions with up and out . ucsd dissertation lindner , sue . 1982 . what goes up does n't necessarily come down : the ins and outs of opposites . in k . tuife , r . schneider and r . chametsky , eds . papers from the 18th regional meeting of the chicago linguistic society , pp . 305-323 . longman dictionary of phrasal verbs . 1983 macpartland , pamela . 1989-90 . cuny graduate center dissertation neeleman , ad . 1994 . complex predicates . phd diss , utrecht university . neeleman , ad and fred weerman . 1993 . the balance between syntax and morphology : dutch particles and resultatives . nllt 11 . 433-476 oxford dictionary of current idiomatic english . 1975 stowell , tim . 1981 . origins of phrase structure . mit dissertation . svenonius , peter . 1994 . dependent nexus : subordinate predication structures in english and the scandinavian languages , ph . d . dissertation , ucsc .
  """",0
  1442,""""Subject: job - - c / lisp , kr , nl : austin , tx
   
   cycorp is seeking enthusiastic , highly-motivated multi-talented people for positions in software development , ontological engineering , and natural language processing . each of these involves working with and extending the cyc technology - - an immense , broad , multi-contextual knowledge base and inference engine which our group has developed over the last eleven years . cyc already contains a useful selection of fundamental human knowledge : facts , rules of thumb , and heuristics for reasoning about the objects and events of modern everyday life . cyc enables a multitude of knowledge-intensive products and services which could revolutionize the way in which people use and interact with computers , and cycorp is dedicated to making this happen . to date , cyc has made possible ground-breaking pilot applications in the areas of heterogeneous database browsing and integration , captioned image retrieval , and natural language processing . we are looking for a few individuals to join us in this challenging enterprise . software development ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - o c applications programming expertise ( unix , macintosh , pc ) o preferably some common lisp programming experience o database theory and application development ( oracle , db2 ) o formal logic ( predicate calculus ) and deductive theorem proving o inference engine design , implementation , and maintenance ontological engineering ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - o facility with formal logic ( predicate calculus ) o preferably some background in ai , esp . knowledge representation o programming ability is a plus , but not required natural language processing ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - o familiarity with nl parsing theory ( including statistical and / or corpus-based parsing methods and other methods ) o experience in designing , building , and extending parsers o facility with predicate calculus , and some knowledge of mathematical methods in linguistics o familiarity with linguistic theory , esp . morphology and syntax ; knowledge of pragmatics and / or discourse theory a plus o ability to think procedurally and concretely ( thus , programming skills would be a plus ) for immediate consideration , send your resume and a cover letter to : doug lenat cycorp , inc . 3500 west balcones center drive austin , texas 78759 fax : 512-338 - 3858 e-mail : doug @ cyc . com cycorp is an equal opportunity employer
  """",0
  1443,""""Subject: synthetic compounds
   
   on sat , 3 jun 1995 , the linguist list wrote : > date : sat , 3 jun 1995 01 : 37 : 59 - 0500 > from : the linguist list < linguist @ tam2000 . tamu . edu > > to : hmanders @ indiana . edu > subject : forwarded mail > > > from stampe @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu fri jun 2 14 : 02 : 50 1995 > return - path : stampe @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu > received : from relay1 . hawaii . edu ( relay1 . hawaii . edu [ 128 . 171 . 41 . 53 ] ) by tam20 00 . tamu . edu ( 8 . 6 . 12 / 8 . 6 . 12 ) with smtp id oaa16738 for < linguist @ tam2000 . tamu . ed u > ; fri , 2 jun 1995 14 : 02 : 47 - 0500 > received : from uhunix3 . uhcc . hawaii . edu ( [ 128 . 171 . 44 . 52 ] ) by relay1 . hawaii . edu with smtp id < 11438 ( 5 ) > ; fri , 2 jun 1995 03 : 00 : 10 - 1000 > received : by uhunix3 . uhcc . hawaii . edu id < 148528 > ; fri , 2 jun 1995 09 : 00 : 29 - 1 000 > from : david stampe < stampe @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu > > to : linguist @ tam2000 . tamu . edu > in - reply-to : < 199506021008 . faa11257 @ tam2000 . tamu . edu > ( message from the lingu ist list on fri , 2 jun 1995 00 : 08 : 49 - 1000 ) > subject : re : 6 . 758 , sum : synthetic compounds > message - id : < 95jun2 . 090029hst . 148528 @ uhunix3 . uhcc . hawaii . edu > > date : fri , 2 jun 1995 08 : 59 : 51 - 1000 > status : ro > content - length : 1036 > > heather marie anderson ( hmanders @ indiana . edu ) compares agentive > compounds to choose between ( 1 ) the theory """""""" that the surface form of > synthetic [ compounds ] will differ as much as possible in ordering and > affixation from the corresponding vp """""""" , and ( 2 ) the theory that they > simply follow vp order . > > in the languages she cites , support for the theory ( 1 ) comes mostly > from languages that have relatively recently changed the order of verb > and object , but not the order of compounds , e . g . all the germanic > languages listed ( v o < o v , compounds ov ) and finnish ( same ) . there > are similar examples ( with mirror image ordering changes ) in the munda > languages of india , which had word order changes v o > o v , but retain > their old compound order vo , and in fact also retain it even in finite > verbs and objects which are incorporated ( compounded ) . > > are there examples of opposite ordering of verb phrases and compounds > that could not be explained as due to the lag of morphological change > behind syntactic change ? > > david stampe > univ . of hawai ` i > >
  """",0
  1444,""""Subject: re : 6 . 793 , qs : mohawk , russian , banning of german i . mel ' cuk
   
   3 ) date : tue , 6 jun 1995 01 : 44 : 22 - 0400 from : jpkirchner @ aol . com subject : q : german banned in iowa i ' ve recently received a message from a man who claims that during world war i , the use of german and other languages was made """""""" illegal """""""" in the state of iowa by decree of the governor . this is very interesting to me , since my own family 's stories of anti - german discrimination in michigan at that time are limited to a snide remark or two about our surname . below is the relevant part of the man 's message . can anyone vouch for the veracity of what he says ? james kirchner ) here in iowa where i grew up most household language was a > foreign language the early part of this century . the public ) schools were english of course . my uncle went to a local ) """""""" german """""""" school which was a parochial school . it was ) necessary because all the german lutheran church liturgy and > bibles were in luther 's german so the plattdeutsch speaking ) people had to go to school to learn it . world war i ended that . > the iowa governor issued a proclamation banning the speaking ) of any foreign language in public places . phone operators were ) instructed to pull the plug on any non english telephone ) conversations . party line patrons were to hold the telephone ) receiver up to the mouth piece so the resulting whistling ) would interfere with non english speech . all modern language > instruction was dropped from school curriculums . a blow ) from which the school system never really recovered . ) newspapers published reports of people arrested on the ) street for speaking german . this was a real hardship on older > immigrants . all german language newspapers were ) suppressed . our rural county had german papers at one time . ) in fact the editor of one was once elected the county ) treasurer . this day and age it is all somewhat embarrassing . i > stumbled on to the fact that the state of iowa organized what ) amounted to a secret police agency . the state formed an ) agency whose purpose was to investigate acts of disloyalty . ) they were given the power to levy fines and imprison people ) for the duration of the war without benefit of trial . america 's > active participation was relatively short lived so the agency ) was not around long . it would make an interesting research ) paper sometime if any records still exist . this happened in several midwest states . the issue reached the supreme court in the early 20 's in the case """""""" meyer vs . nebraska """""""" , the court ruled against nebraska , effectively eliminating the laws . frank anshen dept of linguistics state u of ny stony brook , ny 11794
  """",0
  1445,""""Subject: romanizations
   
   i am looking for references for """""""" linguisitcally minded """""""" and / or standard romanizations to be used to produce orthographies of the following languages : arabic cantonese korean farsi hindi tamil all characters used in the romanization must be found on a standard keyboard . there needs to be a mapping between the original orthography and the romanization - - the romanization can contain more linguistic """""""" smarts """""""" than the original orthography . i ' ll post a summary of responses if it seems appropriate . so far i ' ve been looking at : arabic : for arabic if have been looking at the romanization used in the """""""" english - arabic conversational dictionary """""""" by richard jaschke , which claims to be """""""" one of the best pocket guides to arabic ever published """""""" cantonese : lshk ( linguistic society of hong kong , 1993 ) ( i ' m leaning toward this one . . . ) sidney lau korean : hangul ( i like this one . . . anyone ever had any negative experience with it ? ) farsi : i do n't have much for this but a little book called """""""" colloquial persian """""""" by leila moshiri . hindi : no reference , but i have made what i think may be a decent romanization . . . is there a standard ? none of the native speakers in my neck of the woods seems to know of one . . . tamil : pretty empty here . . . . .
  """",0
  1446,""""Subject: re : 6 . 797 , comparative method : n - ary comparison
   
   content - length : 1653 i , too , had noted that there seemed to be two notions of comparison here , but unlike scott delancey i did not assume that there we should distinguish between comparison for the sake of building a reconstruction and simply for the sake of determining possible relationship . to my mind , the numbers that jacques guy posted demonstrate , not the weakness of n-ary comparison , but its strength : if we are looking at a grouping of languages of which we are uncertain of relationships , and the number of potential n-way cognates is as low as random chance would dictate , then the likelihood is against their being closely-enough related to pursue reconstruction . i think this answers , by the bye , david powers ' perhaps rhetorical question regarding the assumptions under which janhunen 's claims could be considered a fallacy . i ' m not quite sure how to address powers ' conclusions , however . the methods of comparison most of us accept have built into them a checking mechanism , such that acceptance of some set of matches as """""""" true """""""" ( in powers ' terms ) constrains the set of further matches we can accept : what he considers to be """""""" false """""""" matches may not , under these constraints , be treated as matches at all . under this methodology , n-way comparison * does * increase the ratio of signal to noise in the data . i do not have access to janhunen 's original statements . if alexis manaster - ramer has summarized them accurately , i have to conclude either that janhunen is unfamiliar with the actual workings of the comparative method , or that the conclusion summarized by amr is disingenuous in the extreme - - and is indeed a fallacy , either way . rich alderson
  """",0
  1447,""""Subject: re : 6 . 797 , comparative method : n - ary comparison
   
   critics of manaster ramer miss the main point : janhunen calls by """""""" similarities """""""" parallels between japanese and other altaic languages based on regular phonetic correspondences without bothering to prove that these are real """""""" look - alikes """""""" . the parallels based on regular correspondences are not chance or random parallels and therefore the proposed statistical games do not apply to the case . if you do not believe it , take any pair of a priori unrelated languages , such as for example mandarin and eskimo , and try to establish regula r phonetic correspondences . needless to say , adding to this company zulu , basque , and nivx is not going to """""""" improve """""""" the picture . alexander vovin avvovin @ miamiu . acs . muohio . edu
  """",0
  1448,""""Subject: re : 6 . 797 , comparative method : n - ary comparison
   
   gotcha ! there are two separate fallacies in the argument against n-ary comparison which i discussed recently and which powers , delancey , and guy are now apparently seeking to defend . ( 1 ) janhunen says that the probability of a match occurring purely by chance when you compare japanese with four languages is four times what it is when you compare it with one language . this simply cannot be true because probabilities are values between 0 and 1 . if the probablity in the case of a binary comparison was say . 5 , then he would be predicting that it would be 2 in the case of n-ary comparison , which is impossible , because 2 is not between 0 and 1 . ( 2 ) the other fallacy is not purely mathematical , although i suspect that it involves elements of confusio . in any case , no one who argues for n-ary comparison ever talks about getting a match in 2 out of n languages . now , if we look at guy 's numbers , in his scenario of a 100 - word list with no shifted meanings , he came up with 14 . 5 probable spurious mathces in a binary comparison but only 5 . 8 when you are looking for a match between 3 out of 5 languages , 0 . 13 when you look for one between 4 out of 5 , and he does not give the much smaller number yet in the case of 5 out of 5 . i am not sure how jacques defines spurious and so i have not verified the numbers , but they are certainly on the right orders of magnitude . as you consider more and more languages ( also as the initial probability of a match declines , which usually happens as you go from toy models to real data ) , what happens is that you need fewer and fewer out of the n languages being compared to agree . thus , in guy 's example a match between n - 2 languages out of 5 was less likely to occur by chance than one between 2 out of 2 . but if n were 100 , i . e . , you were comparing 100 languages , then you would not need n - 2 ( i . e . , 98 ) languages to agree to be able to do better than with a binary comparison . it would be many many fewer ( although i do n't know how many since i do not know what formula jacques is using and what he is assuming about the initial probability of a match ) . maybe , he could kindly supply the numbers . and in light of all this , let us add another argument for rejecting indo - european : bopp never offered a mathematical demonstration that the relationships he proposed were unlikely to be due to chance , much less by doing a binary comparison of every pair of indo - european languages . which i think just goes to show how unrealistic the whole idea of doing such comparisons is . but if you do want to do them , then at least let us be clear about how to do them so as to minimize false positives ( i . e . matches due to chance and not really reflective of common origin ) as well as false negatives ( i . e . , failures to find genuine historical connections ) . on the second point , there are arguments that n-ary is better . alexis mr
  """",0
  1449,""""Subject: q : new email address for pier marco bertinetto
   
   content - length : 83 since the old address no longer works , would anybody know the new one ? alexis mr
  """",0
  1450,""""Subject: teaching material for statistical cl
   
   content - length : 1364 dear all , i am going to develop a course on statistical models and methods in computational linguistics using eugene charniak 's book """""""" statistical language learning """""""" . i would be very grateful for advice concerning : 1 . supplementary literature , especially on the mathematical background , probability theory , etc . , but also on applications . 2 . material for practical exercises , mini-projects , etc . , both written material and software if available . i 'd be happy to post a summary to the linguist list if there is interest . best regards , joakim nivre department of linguistics g = f6teborg university e - mail : joakim @ ling . gu . se
  """",0
  1451,""""Subject: philippine nat ' l lang .
   
   content - length : 786 a local newspaper recently printed a letter to the editor that read , in part , as follows : """""""" tagalog is not a language but the second-most commonly spoken dialect in the philippines ( next to cebuano ) out of more than 50 dialects . the national language is filipino , as required by the philippine congress in 1989 . """""""" does anyone out there know what filipino is , or where i might find some information on it and the events in the philippine congress in 1989 ? i 'd like to use this topic as a starting-off point for a class discussion about dialect vs . language , and prescriptivism , but i need to know more . if you have some information , please reply to me directly . thanks . - - christine brisson rutgers university cbrisson @ zodiac . rutgers . edu
  """",0
  1452,""""Subject: genderless ?
   
   content - length : 350 in some languages which are standarly described as genderless it is still the case , i am pretty sure , that people say things like ' that woman ' instead of 's he ' and because this looks like a purely lexical matter , the appearance of genderlessness is preserved . i wonder if this applies to the languages recently described as genderless on this list .
  """",0
  1453,""""Subject: re : genderless
   
   content - length : 719 you wrote : ) most of the genderless languages are sov and their morphology is ) """""""" agglutinative """""""" , in traditional typological terms . ) the realisation of gender tends to be tied closely to the realisation of ) morphological case in the world 's languages ) e-mail : ortmann @ ling . uni-duesseldorf . de i agree that most genderless languages tend to be agglutinative , but not sov . the austro - asiatic and austronesian languages , for example , contain many examples of non - sov languages which are also genderless . many examples can also be found in africa and the native american languages , which though agglutinative are not sov . paul kekai manansala
  """",0
  1454,""""Subject: genderless lgs
   
   content - length : 2009 hi you gender people , it may be that i have missed something that has been going on on the list . if i understand right there has been some claim about that a language totally lacking a gender system would be something of science fiction . as the responses have shown , this is not definitely the case but an indo - european line of thinking of what are natural conceptual ( grammatical ? ) categories . albert ortmann , among others , made the point that e . g . uralic languages generally lack gender . this is a point in case in finnish . the language does not have any grammatical gender markers ( in principle , no articles ) , no division into male / female in the pronoun system and , in particular , spoken finnish does not make distinction between animate / inanimate . persons , animals , objects , ideas may be referred to with the pronoun """""""" se """""""" . yet a slight comment to ortmann 's theory about case / gender . the point about case being realized only once in an np does not seem conceivable , at least from finnish point of view : attribute ( s ) and head must concord in case . hope this is of interest . and i could point out that i am no uralic or fennic scholar but a native speaking linguist . best regards - jan lindstrom dept . of scandinavian lgs university of helsinki
  """",0
  1455,""""Subject: silliness about eskimo snow
   
   the cartoon strip the duplex , which is normally a commentary on what used to be called ' the war between the sexes ' , and deals with two young singles and their dogs , today dealt with our favorite topic : snowy landscape her poodle : i read somewhere that the eskimos have 80 [ sic ] words for snow . she : that 's nothing . snowy landscape with him and his mutt shovelling snow he : * @ # ! his mutt : double * @ # ! she : if you ' ve ever listened to guys shovel their driveway you 'd know there were twice as many . happy january . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ geoffrey s . nathan department of linguistics southern illinois university at carbondale carbondale , il , 62901-4517 phone : ( 618 ) 453-3421 ( office ) ( 618 ) 549-0106 ( home ) geoffn @ saluki-mail . siu . edu
  """",0
  1456,""""Subject: re : 6 . 823 , qs : german , nostratic , romanization , chinese errors ,
   
   shoebox content - length : 298 is it just me , or is the fact that a query needs to be posted asking what is nostratic proves the point a group of us made not so long ago on this very list about the need for the public , linguistic and general , to be allowed information about work in linguistics , whether we agree with it or not ?
  """",0
  1457,""""Subject: summary : i . mel ' cuk
   
   content - length : 2450 a few people answered my question about i . mel ' cuk 1976 reference , so i thought a summary of the references i gathered might interest the linguistlist as a whole . first , i wish to thank the people that answered me : ( in order of appearance ) lars borin david beck ariadna solovyova claude coulombe lonz ( only reference i got on that person , from the electronic address . sorry ) miquel aguado keith goeringer claude boisson some directed me to pr mel ' cuk , who is teaching at montreal university . moreover , here is a list of melc ' uk 's works , including the one i was looking for , and subsequent works which update his views on the sign / word : 1976 . das wort . zwischen inhalt und ausdruck . munchen , wilhelm fink verlag , 461 p . ( parts of the book are writen in english ) 1979 . """""""" syntactic , or lexical , zero in natural language """""""" , proceedings of the berkeley linguistics society 5 , 224-60 . 1984-92 . dictionnaire explicatif et combinatoire du francais contemporain : recherches lexico-semantiques , 3 vols , montreal , presses de l ' universite de montreal . 1988 . """""""" semantic description of lexical units in an explanatory combinatorial dictionary """""""" , international journal of lexicography 1 / 3 , 165-88 . 1988 . dependency syntax : theory and practice , albany , state university of new york press . 1993 . cours de morphologie generale , vol . 1 : le mot , montreal , presses de l ' universite de montreal . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ jerome serme laboratoire ' dynamique du langage ' ( umr 9961 ) maison rhone - alpes des sciences de l ' homme 14 , avenue berthelot 69363 lyon cedex - france phone : + 33 72 72 64 12 fax : + 33 72 80 00 08 e - mail : jerome . serme @ mrash . fr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",0
  1458,""""Subject: sum : banned german , """""""" english only """"""""
   
   content - length : 12420 a few weeks ago i posted part of some correspondence i received about the banning of german in iowa during wwi . because the responses brought up the matter of """""""" english only """""""" or """""""" official english """""""" ( depending on one 's leanings ) i posted a further query as to whether anyone knew of any recently proposed law in the us that would out and out ban languages other than english . first i ' ll thank everybody , then i ' ll summarize the german ban , then official english . thanks to : seegmiller @ apollo . montclair . edu ( steve seegmiller ) fanshen @ datalab2 . sbs . sunysb . edu ( frank anshen ) kiel @ u-aizu . ac . jp ( kiel t . christianson ) kyeager @ prism . nmt . edu ( deborah yeager ) rwachal @ black . weeg . uiowa . edu ( bob wachal ) smburt @ heartland . bradley . edu ( susan burt ) m200754 @ er . uqam . ca ( michel platt ) ligo523 @ utxvms . cc . utexas . edu ( keith walters ) cnelson @ vm . cc . purdue . edu ( dr . christian k . nelson ) niewboer @ let . rug . nl ( r . nieuweboer ) ffgbc @ aurora . alaska . edu ( cooper gordon b ) anfallen @ ursula . uoregon . edu ( anthea fallen - bailey ) banned german : the original quote i posted ran thus : ) here in iowa where i grew up most household language was a ) foreign language the early part of this century . the public ) schools were english of course . my uncle went to a local ) """""""" german """""""" school which was a parochial school . it was ) necessary because all the german lutheran church liturgy and ) bibles were in luther 's german so the plattdeutsch speaking ) people had to go to school to learn it . world war i ended that . ) the iowa governor issued a proclamation banning the ) speaking of any foreign language in public places . phone ) operators were ) instructed to pull the plug on anynon english ) telephone conversations . party line patrons were to hold the ) telephone receiver up to the mouth piece so the resulting ) whistling would interfere with non english speech . all modern ) language instruction was dropped from school curriculums . a ) blow from which the school system never really recovered . ) newspapers published reports of people arrested on the ) street for speaking german . this was a real hardship on older ) immigrants . all german language newspapers were ) suppressed . our rural county had german papers at one time . ) in fact the editor of one was once elected the county ) treasurer . this day and age it is all somewhat embarrassing . i ) stumbled on to the fact that the state of iowa organized what ) amounted to a secret police agency . the state formed an ) agency whose purpose was to investigate acts of disloyalty . ) they were given the power to levy fines and imprison people ) for the duration of the war without benefit of trial . america 's ) active participation was relatively short lived so the agency ) was not around long . it would make an interesting research ) paper sometime if any records still exist . i got many confirmations that this actually happened , and not only in iowa . references : philip e . webber ( 1993 ) . kolonie - deutsch : life and language in amana . ames : iowa state university press . birgit mertens ( 1994 ) . vom ( nieder - ) deutschen zum englischen : untersuchungen zur sprachlichen assimilation einer laendlichen gemeinde im mittleren westen amerikas . heidelberg : universitaets - verlag c . winter . heinz kloss 's _ the american bilingual tradition _ . baron , denis . 1990 . * * the english - only question : an official language for americans ? * * new haven , connecticut : yale university press . kloss , heinz . 1966 . """""""" german - american language maintenance efforts """""""" . * * language loyalty in the united states * * , edited by j . a . fishman , 206-252 . london , england : mouton & co . liebowicz , joseph . 1985 . """""""" official english : another americanization program ? """""""" * * language loyalties : a source book on the official english controversy * * , edited by james crawford , 101-111 . chicago : university press of chicago . deborah yeager : ) bad news : it definitely happened . most of the laws passed ) against the use and instruction of german were at the very ) end of the war and so came into force _ between _ world wars . > iowa was not the only state . i can't answer to the behavior of ) telephone operators and people on partylines , but i do know ) that teaching german was banned not only in the schools , ) but also on school property after hours , where church groups ) had often held classes . rogier nieuweboer : ) i cannot answer your question on a ban on german in iowa , ) but in fact , in 1914 the canadian authorities issued such a ) ban on german ( which was used in mennonite and many other ) schools ) . this was the reason why many mennonites emigrated > to mexico . anthea fallen - bailey : ) i wrote my undergraduate honors thesis on the subject of ) language histories in the u . s . i include below a pertinent ) paragraph from that work : ) the most severe blow to german language and culture ) maintenance in the u . s . came with world war i when . . . ) """""""" hyphenated americans """""""" were forced to chose between their ) ethnicity and the u . s . nation , despite the fact that the ) majority of german - americans favored neutrality ( kloss ) 1966 ) . the german language in the u . s . has never since ) recovered . from 1917 , when the u . s . joined the war , german ) was banned in private and public schools , in meetings , in ) religious services and even over the telephone ( baron 1990 : ) 111 ) . national organizations disbanded , german music was ) neither playe nor sold , and restaurants changed the names of ) german dishes : """""""" sauerkraut """""""" became """""""" liberty cabbage """""""" ; ) """""""" german fried potatoes """""""" became """""""" american fries """""""" ; and ) """""""" hamburger """""""" became """""""" salisbury steak """""""" ( ibid : 109 ) . in short , ) """""""" german was specifically targeted as an enemy language to be > rooted out """""""" . between 1918 and 1923 many states passed ) anti - german legislations ; two states - - nebraska and ) illinois - - passed english - only constitutional amendments in > 1920 and 1923 respectively ( ibid . : 109 ) . by 1923 thirty-four ) states had passed english - only laws relating to the language ) of instruction in schools ( leibowicz 1985 ) . ohio , which had ) previously supported german instruction in schools , passed a ) law in 1919 rejecting german altogether . ) a footnote here : the ohio 1919 law was eventually struck ) down by the u . s . supreme court via the 1923 case of meyer v . ) nebraska ( very famous case in language circles ) . english """""""" only """""""" some of the things discussed brought up some interesting questions , which i ' ll treat after a couple of quotations . steve seegmiller : ) it may be an unfortunate or misleading choice of terms , but ) """""""" english only """""""" does n't mean banning other languages entirely ; ) it means requiring the use of english exclusively for official ) purposes . that presumably includes governmental functions , ) education , and so forth , but not non-official uses . ) at last count , at least seventeen states had adopted such ) english only laws , and several more are in the works . not one ) of them proposes banning other languages . susan burt : ) karen l . adams and daniel t . brink ( eds ) in their * ) perspectives on official english * ( mouton . 1990 ) have an ) appendix of texts of various language legislation . ) the legislature of arizona attempted an amendment to the ) state constitution which included : ) this state and all political subdivisions of this state shall ) act in english and in no other language . ) no entity to which this article applies shall make or enforce ) a law , order , decree or policy which requires the use of a ) language other than english . ) no govermental document shall be valid , effective or ) enforceable unless it is in the english language . ) there follows a list of circumstances in which the use of ) other languages is exlicitly allowed . ) i think the arizona law was considered one of the most ) restrictive , and i think it was somehow found invalid - - or ) maybe it did n't pass in the first place - - i forget . anyway , ) even it did not """""""" ban """""""" other languages in private contexts . christian k . nelson referred to some research on voters ' opinions on official english laws , and while i find his conclusions hyperbolic , i think his comments are nonetheless worth reading : ) [ i ] was reminded of research reported in a course i took with ) an anthropological linguist ( now at san diego ? ) : katherine ) woolard . she mentioned that in the california """""""" official ) english """""""" push not only were many hispanics in favor of the ) proposed legislation , but so were many supposed liberals in ) the san francisco area . she was doing an analysis of ) discourse in which such liberals justified their positions , ) showing that they were based on hidden assumptions that ) actually ran counter to their claimed liberal beliefs . all this ) points up the fact that oppressed people , with the help of ) their well-meaning supporters , often participate in their own ) oppression . indeed , historical examples indicate that such is ) true even to the point that oppressed groups help organize ) extermination of their own members for oppressing groups . ) so , the results of the polls you cite are not so transparently ) meaningful . a respondent or two drew conclusions from the oft-mentioned hysterical tone of the fundraising materials put out by the """""""" official english """""""" movement . my own thoughts on that , as sent to one respondent : on tue , 13 jun 1995 jpkirchner @ aol . com wrote : ) i ' m convinced there is a certain style to fundraising letters ) that crosses the political spectrum , especially since a lot of ) organizations certainly have their letters written by direct ) marketing agencies that are probably not affiliated with any ) particular persuasion . i get such letters from political ) campaigns on the left , right , and in between , including the ) democratic party , and i see absolutely the same nauseatingly > hysterical , hateful style in all of them , as if they were ) written by the same hand . ( which they sometimes may ) have been . ) in one letter , the boogie man is """""""" liberals who ) want to take away your freedom , """""""" in another it 's """""""" advocates ) for the rich who want to make you homeless , """""""" in another it 's ) immigrants , in a third it 's jingoists . the common ) denominator is always the angry , hateful tone they ' re ) written in . having worked at an ad agency , i know that the ) people in them know their targets , and just how to caress ) them or zing their fillings to get them to act . it has to be an ) established fundraising technique . this whole issue seems to me to be a mix of radical hysteria on both sides , mixed with legitimate questions , which neither side appears willing to address . since linguists , to my experience , are generally terrific at preaching linguistic tolerance , but do n't often deal with pragmatic questions that do n't affect them personally , i ' ll annoy you all with a few questions brought up by non-linguists i know . these people are neither radical conservatives , nor bothered by the use of other languages or dialects in their presence . 1 . how come in us regions where other foreign language groups outnumber hispanics , are safety warnings and federal signage are still only posted in spanish and english ? 2 . a manager , who had previously not minded foreign languages being spoken in the office , is suddenly noticing a lot of discord , backbiting and insubordination among the employees . these are hard enough to quell when everyone is speaking english , but it 's even harder for this manager to monitor what 's happening , because it 's all going on in a foreign language . does the manager a . ) sign up for a beginning language course , b . ) quit the job and give it to someone fluent in the other language , c . ) recruit some of the employees as """""""" spies """""""" , d . ) mandate english , e . ) other _ _ _ _ _ ? if the manager mandates english , will it qualify as linguistic intolerance in this case ? 3 . why should a child who speaks black american english be accommodated in the classroom by court order , while an appalachian kid gets forced to learn ( later changed to """""""" gets the benefit of learning """""""" ) the standard dialect ( i . e . , in addition to his or her own ) ? 4 . """""""" the typists in our company are so incompetent at standard english that even a simple business letter takes them at five drafts , and one whole day , to get into acceptable form . it always comes out in their dialect , and it 's much easier for everybody to do their own typing . why can't they give these people english tests ? """""""" these are linguistic and political questions to these people , to which i have no ready answers . what do other linguists say ? james kirchner
  """",0
  1459,""""Subject: dislocations
   
   content - length : 4400 - - - - - - - - - - forwarded message - - - - - - - - - - date mon , 19 jun 1995 08 : 10 : 48 - 0400 > from aaa552 @ agora . ulaval . ca subject / graviton / einstein / aaa552 / mail / bb i posted a week ago a query on the topic of dislocation . i wanted to know whether just any of the phenomena known by the name of dislocation implies coreference . the responses to the posting indicated that the word dislocation is by and large used to refer to a phrase p adjoined to a sentence s where p holds a coreference relationship with a pronoun included in s . so there seems to exist a terminological consensus on this notion ( although for some dislocation covers topicalization ) . here is a very slightly edited summary of responses . many thanks to all those whose responded . i hope this is useful . pierre larrivee . w . croft @ manchester . ac . uk ( bill croft ) : i think you will have to define """""""" dislocation """""""" to get a useful answer from your query - - - in particular , define it in such a way that the coreference relation does not follow by definition . if """""""" dislocation """""""" means what the etymology suggests , then it involves movement of an element out of its canonical position ; if you allow coreference to phonologically null elements ( left in canonical position ) , then by definition a dislocated element will have a coreference relation to an element in the sentence to which it is adjoined , namely to the null or non-null element it has """""""" left behind """""""" . if you do not allow coreference to phonologically null elements , then the english construction called """""""" topicalization """""""" or """""""" y - movement """""""" is a counterexample to the generalization you are inquiring about . if you define """""""" dislocation """""""" in a non-movement fashion - - - i . e . as some element ( an np ? ) adjoined to a sentential constituent - - - then japanese , chinese and other e asian languages ' topic constructions will be a counter - example , since the """""""" topic """""""" np need not be an argument or even an adjunct of the sentence to which it is adjoined . to this comment of mine : it seems to me that topicalization is a somewhat different phenomena from dislocation , is it not ? cf . the prosody ( no pause for topics ) and the lack ( in general ) of a resumptive pronoun ( chocolate cake i like ( * it ) ) . w . croft added : prosody would be an interesting start on a definition of dislocation that does n't presuppose coreference - - - i think the resumptive pronoun part is more problematic , since specifying the form of a resumptive form would presuppose coreference . > from holleb @ linguist . umass . edu ( ? ? bart holle ) at the moment i am working on right dislocation , mainly in dutch . and as far as i can tell there are no counterexamples . the moment there is no reference to an element in the """""""" main """""""" clause it is clearly extraposition . a main difference for dutch is that you can extract out of an extraposed phrase , whereas you cannot out of right dislocated one . > from sophie . kern @ mrash . fr ( sophie kern ) i ' m actually writting my thesis about the development of narrative competence by french monolingual children ( 3 to 11 years old using ) a picture book task . one of the domain i ' m studying is the reference to the main or other characters of the story , and particulierly what kind of linguistic devices the children use to maintain or to switch reference in subject position i found a lot of left and right dislocations . > from larry horn ( lhorn @ yalevm . cis . yale . edu ) you might want to check out an old paper by robert rodman on topicalization and ld in a journal called papers in linguistics . i think it was 1973 . he talks about sentences like : as for noxious odors , my sheepdog farts after eating escargots . in which the sentence is a comment on the topic in the """""""" ld """""""" phrase , but no coreference per se obtains . > from barrett @ zelig . cs . nyu . edu ( leslie barrett ) there 's an article by bowers in li ( 1993 ) that mainly concerns predication but mentions coreference possibilities in fronted vps like the following : criticize himself , i think john never will i i ) from luge . latrobe . edu . au ( hussein shokouhi ) ronald geluykens has extensively worked on this issue in english . he has published a book in 1992 under the title of ' from grammar to discourse : left-dislocated construction ' . knud lambrescht has also done something on french . he has also published a book on french discourse and syntax in 1994 . surely , you can find a good number of references in those two books .
  """",0
  1460,""""Subject: tolkien 's elvish languages : austronesian ?
   
   ( this , of course , started as a spoof of proto - world ) is elvish austronesian or has sakao ( espiritu santo ) an elvish substratum ? that is the question . as i was looking for an elvish cognate for my proto - world * hu ( n ) t i came across ( and the whole effort took me perhaps five minutes , writing it down much longer , however ) : 1 . - losgar ( red snow ) . the place where feanor burned the ships of the teleri . los = snow , gar from car = red ( noel 1980 : 164 ) . - sakao kar = red . 2 . - minas tirith s ' tower of watch ' , ' tower of guard ' ( ibid . p . 170 ) ' minas ' being ' tower ' , ' tirith ' is evidently ' watch , guard ' . - sakao t ( y ) ry = to look at , to watch out . 3 . - lad ' plain ' , ' valley ' , s / 361 ( p . 160 ) - sakao la ^ dh = earth , ground 4 . - kel ' go away ' , ' flow away ' , ' flow down ' . s / 360 ( p . 159 ) - sakao gher ' to go past ' , ' to flow ' . 5 . - in ( of the ) . see various place names , including haudh - in - gwanur . ( p . 158 ) - sakao - yn , same meaning , as in ' waldhyn ietar ' 's on of yetar ( god ) ' . 6 . - ia ^ ' void ' , ' abyss ' s / 360 ( p . 156 ) - sakao ia ' oral cavity ' , ' opening ( of a cave ) ' 7 . - ondo q [ uenya ] 's tone ' s / 359 ( p . 180 ) - sakao iedh 's tone ' ( there is a pervading correspondence e / o throughout austronesian languages , and i am * not * making that up ! ) . or perhaps also : - sakao dhon ' mountain ' ( with metathesis and semantic shift ) . enough ? are n't you convinced yet ? all right . . . 8 . - vorn ' black ' . s / 360 ( p . 205 ) - sakao vyr ' black ' . 9 . - galadh s . ' tree ' ( p . 146 ) - sakao gholadh a tree sp . ( bislama """""""" nangkalat """""""" , a tree with urticant leaves ) 10 . - esse q [ uenya ] ' name ' ( p . 142 ) - sakao ase - ' name ' 11 . - sil q [ uenya ] 's hine with white or silver light ' ( p . 189 ) - sakao hoel ' cooking stone ' , regularly derivable from * s ( ui ) l ( aeo ) - sakao syl ' to singe ' and let 's make it an even dozen : 12 . - loa ' growth ' ( p . 163 ) - sakao lu ' to grow ' . work cited : ruth s . noel . the language of tokien 's middle - earth . houghton mifflin . boston 1980 .
  """",0
  1461,""""Subject: re : 6 . 783 , german affricates
   
   in regard to roger lass 's comments on ts vs . t # s ( or c ^ vs ts , as he puts it ) , i 'd like to comment that the pronunciation for t # s that he gives may not pertain for many american english speakers . i think i ' m not alone in having something like [ ? s ] ( ? = glottal stop , s = esh ) or [ raised - ? ts ] in the t # s case . in any case , as he indicates , the difference is one of a phonetic detail that is simply invisible in certain styles of phonological transcription . john e . koontz nist : caml : sced 883 . 04 boulder , co koontz @ boulder . nist . gov
  """",0
  1462,""""Subject: functions of language www home page
   
   content - length : 574 dear colleagues , this is to inform you that the journal devoted to functional approaches to language , * functions of language * , now has its own 3w home page . the url is : http : / / allserv . rug . ac . be / ~ dnoel / folhome . html there you will find links to the journal 's statement of purpose , some notes for contributors , its style sheet , and the tables of contents of past and forthcoming issues . do have a look ! dirk noel contragram dept . of english university of gent rozier 44 b-9000 gent belgium phone : + 32 9 264 3789 fax : + 32 9 264 4179 e - mail : dirk . noel @ rug . ac . be
  """",0
  1463,""""Subject: history of syntax
   
   content - length : 1255 available upon request : a 4 - page compilation of historically significant short quotations on syntax , in the original tongues , translated in the case of greek or latin . included : aristotle , dionysius thrax , varro , port - royal , saussure , jespersen , bloomfield , harris , chomsky , diver . just the essentials of the classics ; nothing later than 1969 . send self-addressed stamped ( if usa ) envelope to : joseph davis , ph . d . dept . of elementary education city college new york , ny 10031 jcdcc @ cunyvm . cuny . edu
  """",0
  1464,""""Subject: linguistic data consortium ( ldc )
   
   content - length : 3687 the linguistic data consortium ( ldc ) of the university of pennsylvania is collecting telephone speech for three major studies this summer , and we are asking all members of the research community at large to participate in making them a success . the calls are being collected on a new intervoice robotoperator platform that has dramatically increased the ldc 's ability to collect telephone speech . the new system allows up to twelve two channel calls or 24 one channel calls to go on at the same time . up to 20 hours of conversation can be stored before it is necessary to download data ; the download as well as many programming changes can be made without interrupting the application itself . in effect , the application will be operational for 24 hours per day . the projects are as follows : for voice across hispanic america , we need native speakers of spanish ( from any country ) who can call an 800 telephone number and spend five minutes on the telephone reading a series of sentences . participants can receive $ 5 . 00 for their time . for callhome , native speakers of english , egyptian arabic , german , japanese , mandarin and spanish can make a free call to another native speaker from an 800 telephone number anywhere in the world and talk for 30 minutes . participants can receive either $ 10 . 00 or free telephone time . for callfriend , native speakers of english , spanish , tamil , hindi , japanese , french , farsi , german , korean , egyptian arabic and vietnamese can can make a free call to another native speaker from an 800 telephone number anywhere in the u . s . , canada or puerto rico and talk free for 30 minutes . participants can receive either $ 10 . 00 or free telephone time . individuals or organizations who can recruit at least ten callers should contact us to discuss various incentive programs for all three projects . the recordings will be used for nonprofit scientific research and instructional purposes , and are made available to researchers and educators from all over the world on an equal basis . to receive more information , or to get a personal identification number and instructions for making calls , please call us at 1-800 - 380-penn ( 7366 ) between 9 a . m . and 5 p . m . est , or send email to one of the following addresses : voice across hispanic america vaha @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu callhome callhome @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu callfriend callfriend @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu for further information about the project or for other information about the linguistic data consortium , please contact us ldc @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu , or you can access our www home page at ftp : / / www . cis . upenn . edu / pub / ldc _ www / hpage . html . you can also send mail to us at the address below : rebecca finch | linguistic data consortium research coordinator | 441 williams hall finch @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu | university of pennsylvania tel : 215 / 898-0464 / fax : 215 / 573-2175 | philadelphia , pa 19104-6305
  """",0
  1465,""""Subject: linguistics in science fiction
   
   content - length : 3073 the postings on linguistics in science fiction for the past couple of months have been interesting , but curiously limited to comparing two types or genres of writing as if all that is going on with linguistics in science fiction these days is that some writers who are sf novelists have been injecting a few ' neat linguistic ideas ' into their narratives and some ( distinctly other ) group of writers who are linguists read these stories for fun and like to point out the borrowed ideas to other linguists . thats not all that 's happening these days folks . it seems to me that some of the most interesting things going on with linguistics in science fiction is in the blurring of these and other genres ( a general phenomena that george steiner argued was well underway 20 years ago in his _ after babel _ ) . it does n't take much digging through my library to come up with some examples of writers who ' ply the frames ' of sf in ways that deserve to be read by linguists ' for serious ' . samuel r . delany 's novels have been mentioned on the list , but he has also published two volumes of linguistic essays , _ the jewel - hinged jaw : notes on the language of science fiction _ 1977 . new york : dragon press . and _ starboard wine : more notes on the language of science fiction _ 1984 . new york : dragon press . richard rorty , probably known by many linguists interested in the philosophy of language ( from his writing on the ' linguistic turn ' in that field ) , tells a science fiction story about a mid-twenty - first century expedition to antipodea , a planet where the natives lack the concept of mind as part of his argument about ' persons without minds ' in _ philosophy and the mirror of nature _ 1980 . suzette haden elgin is a third writer ( and a linguist ) who writes about science fiction ' for serious ' . one medium in which she does this is the linguistics & science fiction network , which publishes a newsletter ( $ 10 annual membership fee ) out of the ozark center for language studies ( p . o . box 1137 , huntsville , ar 72740 e - mail : ocls @ sibylline . com . ) . i ' m sure that there are other such ' blurred genre ' pieces at the interface between science fiction and linguistic theory . i 'd encourage other subscribers to describe them here in addition to the usual novels and short stories ( the serious stuff can be read ' just for fun ' too . . . ) . paul gracie
  """",0
  1466,""""Subject: job in india
   
   content - length : 1469 position in phonology / syntax jawaharlal nehru university new delhi , india the center for linguistics and english at the jawaharlal nehru university invites applications at the assistant professor level beginning in august 1995 . the candidate must hold a ph . d in linguistics with a specialization in phonology or syntax . previous teaching experience is highly desirable . there is no specific deadline for this position . applications will be considered till the position is filled . please mail applications to the address below . till june 30 , prof abbi may be contacted at ( 510 ) 657-5225 . professor anvita abbi , chair center for linguistics and english school of languages jawaharlal nehru university new delhi , india 110067
  """",0
  1467,""""Subject: job : linguistique informatique / computational linguistics
   
   content - length : 4310 job : linguistique informatique / computational linguistics ( english text follows ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * latl - - - departement de linguistique , universite de geneve le latl - laboratoire d ' analyse et de technologie du langage - du departement de linguistique de l ' universite de geneve ( suisse ) met au concours un poste de recherche / enseignement en linguistique informatique ( a confirmer ) duree : 2 ans , a dater du 1er septembre 1995 salaire : de 57 ' 000 a 60 ' 000 frs / an ( selon qualifications ) qualifications : diplome ou doctorat ( prefere ) en linguistique informatique ou theorique ( eventuellement informatique ) , avec un interet particulier pour la syntaxe ( gb ) , l ' analyse et la generation automatiques du langage naturel , la traduction automatique , l ' enseignement assiste par ordinateur - - - maitrise de la programmation un plus . taches : collaboration aux projets en cours au latl ( traduction automatique interactive , analyseurs syntaxiques , eao ) ; selon qualifications et interets , quelques heures ( max . 4 ) d ' enseignement par semaine dans les domaines de la syntaxe ou de la linguistique informatique . langues : francais et / ou anglais necessaire ( s ) , allemand un plus . les dossiers de candidature et le nom de deux references sont a envoyer a l ' adresse ci-dessous professeur e . wehrli latl universite de geneve 2 , rue de candolle 1211 geneve 4 suisse e - mail : wehrli @ latl . unige . ch fax : ( + 4122 ) 328 25 66 * * * date limite de depot des candidatures : 15 juillet 1995 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * latl - - - department of linguistics , university of geneva the latl research lab of the department of linguistics at the university of geneva ( switzerland ) expects to open a two-year research / teaching position in computational linguistics ( pending approval ) starting date : sept . 1st , 1995 salary range : from 57 ' 000 to 60 ' 000 sfr . / year ( depending upon qualifications ) qualifications : ma or ph . d . ( preferred ) in computational or theoretical linguistics ( possibly computer sciences ) , with a strong interest for syntax ( gb ) , natural language parsing and generation , automatic translation , computer-assisted learning - - - programming skills an asset . tasks : participation to current projects of the lab ( interactive automatic translation , syntactic parsers , learning systems ) ; depending upon qualifications and interests , some hours of teaching ( max . 4 hours / week ) in syntax or computational linguistics . languages : french and / or english mandatory , german an asset . please send applications together with the name of two references to the address below : professor e . wehrli latl university of geneva 2 , rue de candolle 1211 geneva 4 switzerland e - mail : wehrli @ latl . unige . ch fax : ( + 4122 ) 328 25 66 * * * application deadline : july 15 , 1995 * * *
  """",0
  1468,""""Subject: jeonju university , chonju , s . korea
   
   our language learning center is looking for an english native speaker to teach english conversation to undergraduate students in my university . thus , plese advertise the following to the linguist if it is possible ; we are looking for english native speakers to teach english conversation in jeonju university , chonju , s . korea . qualifications : i ) english native speaker ii ) m . a . in english , linguistics , els , education is preferrable . duty : teach 15 hours / week extra teaching will be paid by $ 20 . 00 / every hour payment : 1 , 200 , 000 korean won / month ( $ 1 , 500 ) provide free apartment and office 1 - 4 week break between 7 week programs korean government medical insureance is provided . if you need air-fare , we will provide it in advance , then you can re-pay the amount by monthly payment . please send your resume by fax : 011-82 - 652-220 - 2464 ( please write my name and center on you fax ) or send e - mail to : byang @ chonbuknms . chonbuk . ac . kr please feel free to ask me . byong - seon yang , vice - director , langauge education center jeonju university , chonju , s . korea .
  """",0
  1469,""""Subject: job posting
   
   university of tuebingen department of linguistics division of computational linguistics research position for a computational linguist we are advertising a research position in the verbmobil project , which is funded by the german ministry for education and research ( bmbf ) . verbmobil is concerned with the development of a portable speech-to - speech translation system for """""""" face-to - face """""""" - communication . the verbmobil - subproject at the department of computational linguistics in tuebingen is concerned with semantic evaluation and transfer for machine translation between german and english , in particular : - the semantic repraesentation , disambiguation and translation of temporal expressions - the semantic repraesentation , disambiguation and translation of complex words - the computational modelling of these empirical domains , and - and the implementation of a working subsystem of verbmobil in collaboration with other verbmobil sites . candidates should have experience in computational linguistics ( particularly in unification-based formalisms ) or computer science . knowledge of german and experience in machine traslation , nl - syntax / semantics ( particularly in head - driven phrase structure grammar , discourse representation theory and in the semantics of tense and aspect ) , logic , or prolog - programming is highly desirable . the successful candidate will be expected to work both on theoretical issues and practical implementation . the project started in 1993 and will last until december 1996 , with the possibility of extension depending on funding . the successful candidate would be expected to take up the position as soon as possible . the position is at the rank of """""""" wissenschaftlicher mitarbeiter """""""" ( salary on the german payscale of bat iia ; minimum of 65 000 dm per year ) . applications should include cv and an outline of research experience and interests . names and addresses of references would be helpful . applications should be sent by mail or email to the address below . applications received by july 15th , 1995 will receive full consideration . prof . dr . erhard w . hinrichs seminar fuer sprachwissenschaft abt . computerlinguistik eberhard - karls universitaet tuebingen kleine wilhelmstr . 113 d-72074 tuebingen germany hinrichs @ sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de
  """",0
  1470,""""Subject: 96 spring phonology job
   
   the department of linguistics at the university of toronto is seeking someone to teach phonology at two levels ( advanced and either introductory or intermediate ) in the spring term ( january - april 1966 ) . applicants for this position should submit a letter of application , cv , two letters of reference , and copies of publications and / or unpublished research to peter reich , chair , department of linguistics , university of toronto , toronto , ontario , canada m5s 1a1 ; telephone 416 978-4029 ; fax 416 971-2688 ; e-mail lingdept @ epas . utoronto . ca . please do not submit applications by e-mail . deadline for application : august 15 , 1995
  """",0
  1471,""""Subject: research posts in linguistics and media technology
   
   content - length : 2121 university of brighton , uk . the language centre two research fellows starting salary up to # 18 , 429 . both posts are for a two year fixed term and will involve the development of research projects and some support for staff and students utilising the facilities of the language centre . media technology an ma or msc in an area related to media technology together with a sound publication record are essential . extensive experience in this area and familiarity with the exploitation of current technology for language learning / teaching is essential . the post is available from 1 september 1995 ref bb459 linguistics a phd in linguistics and record of publications in one or more of the department s established areas of activity ( contrastive linguistics , discourse , semantics , linguistic analysis of french ) are essential . the post is available from 1 october 1995 . for an informal discussion about the post , please contact tony hartley , principal lecturer , by e-mail ( tony . hartley @ uk . ac . bton . itri ) or by telephone ( 01273 642918 ) . ref bb456 for further details and an application form contact the personnel department , university of brighton , brighton , bn2 4at , or 24 hour answerphone : ( 0273 ) 642849 quoting the appropriate reference number . if you need further information , ring ( 0273 ) 642837 . closing date : mid - july 1995 ( phone for a precise date ) .
  """",0
  1472,""""Subject: book notice list
   
   language journal of the linguistic society of america book notice list below is the list of books currently available for 500 word book notices . the opportunity to write book notices is offered to all readers of language whether or not they are lsa members , though the editor reserves the right to decline to send books to volunteers whose previous book notices have presented substantive or stylistic problems that increase the time required for editing . students are encouraged to write book notices , though a faculty supervisor must agree to approve the book notice before it is submitted to the editor . book notices are due within three months after the reviewer receives the book ; this insures that works are reviewed in a timely fashion . please feel free to circulate this list to colleagues . arteaga , alfred ( ed . ) an other tongue : nation and ethnicity in the linguistic borderlands . durham : duke university press , 1994 . pp . x , 295 . cloth $ 49 . 95 , paper $ 17 . 95 . bates , dawn , thom hess and vi hilbert ; edited by dawn bates . lushootseed dictionary . seattle and london : university of washington press , 1994 . pp . xxi , 381 . paper $ 30 . 00 belcher , diane and george braine ( eds . ) academic writing in a second language : essays on research and pedagogy . norwood , nj : ablex publishing co . , 1995 . pp . xxxi , 410 . cloth $ 59 . 95 , paper $ 24 . 95 . bergen , robert d . ( ed . ) biblical hebrew and discourse linguistics . dallas , tx : sil , 1994 . pp . 560 . paper $ 40 . 00 . bharati , akshar , vineet chaitanya and rajeev sangal . natural language processing : a paninian perspective . new delhi : prentice hall of india , 1995 . pp . xviii , 220 . breva - claramonte , manuel . la didactica de las lenguas en el renacimiento : juan luis vives y pero simon abril . bilbao : universidad de deusto , 1994 . pp . 270 . campbell , kim sydow . coherence , continuity , and cohesion : theoretical foundations for document design . hillsdale , nj : lawrence erlbaum associates , 1994 . pp . ix , 113 . cloth $ 29 . 95 , paper $ 17 . 95 . carl , wolfgang . frege 's theory of sense and reference : its origins and scope . cambridge : cambridge university press , 1995 . pp . viii , 220 . crangle , colleen and patrick suppes . language and learning for robots ( csli lecture notes , 41 ) . stanford : center for the study of language and information , 1994 . pp . xxi , 276 . darnell , regna and juidith irvine ( eds . ) the collected works of edward sapir , iv : ethnology . berlin and new york : walter de gruyter , 1994 . pp . 963 . de beaugrande , robert , abdulla shunnaq , and mohamed h . heliel , eds . language , discourse and translation in the west and middle east . amsterdam & philadelphia : john benjamins publishing company , 1994 . pp . xi , 256 . dougherty , ray c . natural language computing : an english generative grammar in prolog . ( with accompanying disk ) hillsdale , nj : lawrence erlbaum associates , 1994 . pp . xlvi , 349 . cloth $ 69 . 95 , paper $ 36 . 00 . engh , jan . verb i passiv fulgt av perfektum partisipp : bruk og historie . oslo : novus forlag , 1994 . pp . x , 374 . paper nok 285 . 00 extra , guus and ludo verhoeveon ( eds . ) the cross-linguistic study of bilingual development . amsterdam : north - holland , 1994 . pp . 288 . fassi fehri , abdelkader . issues in the structure of arabic clauses and words . dordrecht , boston & london : kluwer academic publishers , 1993 . pp . xiv , 314 . fine , elizabeth c . the folklore text : from performance to print . bloomington and indianapolis : indiana university press , 1994 . pp . 244 . paper $ 12 . 95 . flower , linda . the construction of negotiated meaning : a social cognitive theory of writing . carbondale and edwardsville : southern illinois university press , 1994 . pp . x , 334 . formigari , lia and daniele gambarara ( eds . ) historical roots of linguistic theories . ( amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science ) . amsterdam & philadelphia : john benjamins , 1995 . pp . viii , 309 . fuchs , catherine and bernard victorri ( eds . ) continuity in linguistic semantics ( lingvisticae investigationes : supplementa 19 ) . amsterdam and philadelphia : john benjamins , 1994 . pp . 255 . gernsbacher , morton ann and t . giv """""""" n . coherence in spontaneous text . ( typological studies in language , 31 ) . amsterdam and philadelphia : john benjamins , 1995 . pp . x , 267 . gile , daniel . basic concepts and models for interpreter and translator training ( benjamins translation library , 8 ) . amsterdam and philadelphia : john benjamins , 1995 . pp . xv , 277 . giv """""""" n , talmy ( ed . ) . voice and inversion . philadelphia : john benjamins publishing co . , 1994 , pp . 402 . gopinathan , s ; anne pakir ; ho wah kam ; & vanithamani saravanan . language , society and education in singapore : issues and trends . singapore : times academic press , 1994 . pp . vii , 391 . grossmann , maria . opposizioni direzionali e prefissazione : analisi morfologica e semantica dei verbi egressivi prefissati con des - e es - in catalano . ( quaderni patavini di linguistica monografie , 14 ) padova : unipress , 1994 . pp . 147 . harries , elizabeth wanning . the unfinished manner : essays on the fragment in the later eighteenth century . charlottesville and london : university press of virginia , 1994 . pp . xi , 215 . haspelmath , martin and ekkehard konig ( eds . ) converbs in cross - linguistic perspective : structure and meaning of adverbial verb forms - - adverbial participles , gerunds - - ( empirical approaches to language typology , 13 ) . berlin and new york : mouton de gruyter , 1995 . pp . x , 565 . hengeveld , kees . non - verbal predication : theory , typology , diachrony ( functional grammar series 15 ) . berlin and new york : mouton de gruyter , 1992 . pp . xxiii , 321 . hill , clifford and kate parry ( eds . ) from testing to assessment : english as an international language ( applied linguistics and language study ) . london and new york : longmans , 1994 . pp . viii , 283 . ilie , cornelia . what else can i tell you ? a pragmatic study of english rhetorical questions as discursive and argumentative acts . stockholm : almqvist & wiksell international , 1994 . pp . vii , 248 . issacharoff , michael and lelia madrid . de la pensee au langage . paris : jos corti , 1995 . pp . 228 . jannedy , stefanie , robert poletto , and tracey l . weldon ( eds . ) . language files : materials for an introduction to language & linguistics ( 6th edition ) . columbus : ohio state university press , 1994 . pp . xiii , 477 . kandiah , thiru , and john kwan - terry ( eds . ) . english and language planning : a southeast asian contribution . singapore : times academic press , 1994 . pp . ix , 309 . karlsson , fred , atro voutilainen , juha heikkila , and arto anttila ( eds . ) constraint grammar : a language-independent system for parsing unrestricted text ( natural language processing , 4 ) . berlin and new york : walter de gruyter , 1994 . pp . viii , 430 . cloth dm 298 . 00 . kassai , ilona ( ed . ) . k tnyelv s g ~ s magyar nyelvhaszn lat ( proceedings of the 6th living language conference , 1993 ) . budapest : hungarian academy of sciences , 1995 . pp . 318 . kenesei , istvan ( ed . ) . levels and structures ( approaches to hungarian , volume five ) . szeged : jate , 1995 . pp . 342 . paper $ 19 . 00 . kim - renaud , young - key ( ed . ) thoeretical issues in korean linguistics . stanford : csli publications , 1994 . pp . xvi , 555 . cloth $ 55 . 00 , paper $ 29 . 95 . king , alan . the basque language : a practical introduction . reno , las vegas and london : university of nevada press , 1994 . pp . xvi , 463 . kiyose , gisaburo n . japanese grammar : a new approach . kyoto : kyoto universitypress , 1995 . pp . x , 181 . kretzenbacher , heinz l . and harald weinrich ( eds . ) linguistik der wissenschaftssprache ( akademie der wissenschaften zu berlin , forschungsbericht 10 ) . berlin & new york : walter de gruyter , 1995 . pp . vi , 407 . laing , margaret , and keith williamson ( eds . ) speaking in our tongues : medieval dialectology and related disciplines . rochester , ny : d . s . brewer , 1994 . pp . xi , 231 . lerat , pierre les langues specialisees . paris : presses universitaires de france , 1995 . pp . 201 . levinsohn , stephen h . ( ed . ) . discourse features of ten languages of west - central africa ( publications in linguistics 119 ) . arlington : summer institute of linguistics and the university of texas at arlington press , 1994 . pp . ix , 241 . lima , susan d . , roberta l . corrigan and gregory k . iverson . the reality of linguistic rules ( studies in language companion series , 26 ) . amsterdam and philadelphia : john benjamins , 1994 . pp . xxiii , 480 . lippi - green , rosina . language ideology and language change in early modern german : a sociolinguistic study of the consonantal system of nuremberg . ( amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science ) . amsterdam & philadelphia : john benjamins , 1994 . pp . xiv , 150 . lucas , ceil and clayton valli . language contact in the american deaf community . san diego : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . pp . xviii , 161 . masi canuto , mari luisa . el complemento circunstancial en espanol . castell """""""" de la plana : publicacions de la universitat jaume i , 1994 . pp . 132 . mcclamrock , ron . existential cognition : computational minds in the world . chicago : university of chicago press , 1995 . pp . viii , 215 . cloth $ 28 . 95 . macwhinney , brian . the childes project : tools for analyzing talk ( 2nd ed . ) . hillsdale , nj : lawrence earlbaum associates , 1995 . pp . xii , 458 . meisel , j rgen m . bilingual first language acquisition : french and german grammatical development . amsterdam & philadelphia : john benjamins , 1994 . pp . 282 . merino , barbara j . , henry t . trueba and fabi n a . samaniego ( eds . ) language and culture in learning : teaching spanoish to nation speakers of spanish . washington and london : the falmer press . pp . xi , 279 . merisalo , outi and raija sarasti - wilenius ( eds . ) mare balticum - - mare nostrum : latin in the countries of the baltic sea ( 1500 - 1800 ) . ( acts of the helsinki colloquium , 16-21 august , 1992 ) . helsinki : academia scientiarum fennica , 1994 . pp . 175 . metzger , david . the lost cause of rhetoric : the relation of rhetoric and geometry in aristotle and lacan . carbondale and edwardsville : southern illinois university press , 1995 . pp . xvi , 135 . miikkulainen , risto . subsymbolic natural language processing : an integrated model of scripts , lexicon , and memory . cambridge : mit press , 1993 . pp . xii , 391 . moeschler , jacques , anne reboul , jean - marc luscher , and jacques jayez . langage et pertinence : r f rence temporelle , anaphore , connecteurs et m taphore . nancy , france : presses universitaires de nancy , 1994 . pp . 301 . paper ff 160 . 00 . moreno de alba , jose g . la pronunciacion del espanol en m xico ( estudios de dialectolog ! a mexicana , v ) . santa teresa , mexico : el colegio de mexico . 1994 . pp . 158 . morzinski , mary . the linguistic influence of polish on joseph conrad 's style ( east european monographs no . cdxii ) lublin : maria curie - sk ~ odowska university , 1994 . pp . 148 . cloth $ 28 . 00 . neel , jasper . aristotle 's voice : rhetoric , theory and writing in america . carbondale and edwardsville : southern illinois university press , 1994 . pp . 259 . cloth $ 34 . 95 , nelson , keith e . and zita reger ( eds . ) children 's language : volume 8 . hillsdale , nj : lawrence earlbaum associates , 1995 . pp . xix , 289 . nesset , tore . russian stress : stress as an inflectional formative in russian noun paradigms and bybee 's cognitive morphology . oslo : novus press , 1994 . paper nok 166 . 00 . pp . xi , 172 . norden , magnus . logische beziehungskonzepte und inferenzprozeduren : zu einer semantisch-kognitiven theorie der verbalen idiome im deutschen . stockholm : almqvist & wiksell international , 1994 . pp . 198 . paper sek 162 . odlin , terence ( ed . ) perspectives on pedagogical grammar ( cambridge applied linguistics series ) . cambridge : cambridge university press , 1994 . pp . x , 340 . perera , katharine , glyn collis & brian richards ( eds . ) . growing points in child language . cambridge : cambridge university press , 1994 . pp . 264 . paper $ 19 . 95 . philippaki - warburton , irene , katerina nicolaidis , and maria sifianou , eds . themes in greek linguistics : papers from the first international conference on greek linguistics , reading , september 1993 . amsterdam & philadelphia : john benjamins publishing company , 1994 . pp . xvii , 534 . quasthoff , uta m . ( ed . ) . aspects of oral communication ( research in text theory ) . berlin and new york : walter de gruyter , 1995 . pp . 493 . cloth 250 . 00 dm . rastier , francois , marc cavazza , and anne abeille . semantique pour l ' analyse de la linguistique a l ' informatique . paris : masson , 1994 . pp . xii , 240 . rey , alain . essays on terminology ( benjamins translation library , 9 ) . amsterdam and philadelphia : john benjamins , 1995 . pp . xiv , 223 . ristad , eric sven , ed . dimacs series in discrete mathematics and theoretical computer science : language computations . american mathematical society . 1994 . pp . xiv , 198 . rosenblatt , louise m . the reader , the text , the poem : the transactional theory fo the literary work . carbondale and edwardsville : southern illinois university press , 1994 . pp . xv , 210 . paper $ 14 . 95 . saarinen , sirkka ( ed . ) . timofej jevsevjevs folklore-sammlungen aus dem tscheremissischen iv ( m moires de la soci t finno - ougrienne , 219 ) . helsinki : suomalais - ugrilainen seura , 1994 . pp . 447 . selting , margret . prosodie im gesprach : aspekte einer interaktionalen phonologie der konversation . ( linguistische arbeiten ; 329 ) . t bingen : max niemeyer verlag , 1995 . pp . xii , 386 . paper dm 178 . scholfield , phil . quantifying language : a researcher 's and teacher 's guide to gathering language data and reducing it to figures . clevedon , philadelphia and adelaide : multilingual matters , ltd . , 1995 . pp . x , 298 . cloth $ 89 . 95 , paper $ 29 . 95 . schwink , frederick w . linguistic typology , universality and the realism of reconstruction ( journal of indo - european studies monograph series , 12 ) . washington , d . c . : institute for the study of man , 1994 . pp . 133 . sokolov , jeffrey l . and catherine e . snow ( eds . ) . handbook of research in language development ising childes . hillsdale , nj : lea , 1994 . pp . 489 . paper $ 29 . 95 , cloth $ 89 . 95 . snell hornby , mary , franz p chhacker , and klaus kaindl ( eds . ) . translation studies : an interdiscipline . amsterdam & philadelphia : john benjamins , 1994 . pp . 438 . steen , gerard . understanding metaphor in literature : an empirical approach . ( studies in language and linguistics ) . london & ny : longman , 1994 . pp . xiii , 263 . su , soon peng . lexical ambiguity in poetry . ( studies in language and linguistics ) . london & ny : longman , 1994 . pp . ix , 188 . syrett , martin . the unaccented vowels of proto - norse . odense , denmark : odense university press , 1994 . pp . 323 . paper dkk 240 . 00 . szalay , lorand b . , et al . american and chinese perceptions and belief systems : a people 's republic of china - - taiwanese comparison ( cognition and language series ) . ny : plenum press , 1994 . pp . x , 270 . paper $ 69 . 50 . tager - flusberg , helen ( ed . ) . constraints on language acquisition : studies of atypical children . hillsdale , nj : lawrence erlbaum , 1994 . pp . 356 . cloth $ 49 . 95 . tichy , eva . die nomina agentis auf - tar - im vedischen . heidelberg : universit tsverlag c . winter , 1995 . pp . vii , 416 . cloth dm 128 . uda , chiharu . complex predicates in japanese . ny : garland publishing , inc . , 1994 . pp . 358 . cloth $ 72 . 00 . van coetsem , frans . the vocalism of the germanic parent language : systematic evolution and sociohistorical context . heidelberg : universit tsverlag c . winter , 1994 . pp . 230 . veikhman , gregory . a new look at english syntax . moscow : h . g . s . ltd . , 1995 . pp . 289 . weaver , charles a . , iii , suzanne mannes , and charles r . fletcher ( eds . ) . discourse comprehension : essays in honors of walter kintsch . hillsdale , nj : lawrence erlbaum associates , 1995 . pp . xii , 426 . cloth $ 79 . 95 , paper $ 39 . 95 . wenzel , siegfried . macaronic sermons : bilingualism and preaching in late-medieval engliand . ann arbor : university of moichigan press , 1994 . pp . xiii , 361 . cloth $ 52 . 50 . wind , jan , abraham jonker , robin allott , and leonard rolfe , eds . studies in language origins , vol . 3 . amsterdam & philadelphia : john benjamins , 1994 . pp . xix , 344 . winter , werner ( ed . ) on languages and language : the presidential addresses of the 1991 meeting of the societas linguistica europaea ( trends in linguistics . studies and monographs : 78 ) . berlin and new york : mouton de gruyter , 1995 . pp . 294 . requests may be made to : languages reviews c / o edwin battistella humanities division wayne state college wayne , ne 68787 langrev @ wscgate . wsc . edu if requesting by email , please include a s-mail address .
  """",0
  1473,""""Subject: 
   
   webelhuth , gert ( editor ) ; ( university of north carolina , chapel hill ) government and binding theory and the minimalist program : principles and parameters in syntactic theory march 1995 6 x 9 400 pages 0-631 - 18061 - 3 paperback $ 24 . 95 0-631 - 18059 - 1 hardcover $ 69 . 95 this volume provides an authoritative overview of government and binding theory , and - - in crucial new papers by noam chomsky and alec marantz - - of the subsequent development of the minimalist program . written by a group of internationally respected researchers , each chapter is focused on an individual module of the theory . articles describe the current development of and state of work on a particular topic ; its place within the architecture of the gb approach to linguistic structure ; and the prospects and need for change within the module . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com haegeman , liliane ( university of geneva , switzerland ) introduction to government and binding theory 1994 6 1 / 2 x 9 1 / 2 728 pages 0-631 - 19067 - 8 paperback $ 27 . 95 this new edition has been extensively updated throughout . major structural changes include new chapters on functional heads and head movement and on relativized minimality . discussions of a number of topics either absent from or only briefly addressed in the first edition have been integrated or expanded , for example , the structure of small clauses , chain formation , and reconstruction , multiple movement , wh - absorption , full interpretation , and expletive replacement . the copious exercises have been revised to increase potential for creativity and flexibility to approach . new exercises highlight further controversial issues . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com wardhaugh , ronald ( university of toronto ) understanding english grammar : a linguistic approach january 1995 6 3 / 4 x 9 3 / 4 288 pages 0-631 - 19642 - 0 paperback $ 24 . 95 0-631 - 19641 - 2 hardcover $ 54 . 95 understanding english grammar presents the essentials of english structure comprehensibly to students who have had little or no opportunity to study the language , and does so within a framework derived from modern linguistic theory . students , however , require no previous knowledge of linguistics . through use of this book , students will gain an understanding of what is involved in the scholarly study of language and , while doing so , acquire a considerable knowledge of english grammar . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com hornstein , norbert ( university of maryland , college park ) logical form : from gb to minimalism july 1995 6 x 9 240 pages 0-631 - 18942 - 4 paperback $ 24 . 95 0-631 - 17912 - 7 hardcover $ 59 . 95 the aim of this book is to review critically grammatical research into logical form over the past 20 years and to reconsider some of its major themes in the light of recent theoretical innovations . the book focuses especially on quantifier raising and a host of conditions that have been proposed a constrain valid lf phrase markers . the second section considers what properties a """""""" minimalist """""""" lf should have . this material is by its nature more speculative . among the topics broached are anticedent contained deletion constructions , weak crossover configurations and multiple interrogatives . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com fu , jingqi . ( university of massachusetts , amherst ) ; on deriving chinese derived nominals : evidence for v - to - n raising , pb . xv + 244 pp . ph . d . dissertation , 1994 . $ 16 + s / h ( $ 3 domestic , $ 4 foreign surface ) . glsa , glsa @ linguist . umass . edu . this thesis investigates the syntactic structure of chinese derived nominals and argues for a syntactic account ( hazout ( 1990 ) and borer ( 1991 , forthcoming ) and against a lexical account ( chomsky 1970 , grimshaw 1990 ) of nominalization . it is shown that derived nominals exhibit both nominal and verbal properties . since these verbal properties , such as word order , vp reconstruction effects , vp sensitive context deletion and constituent structure , are structureal and not lexical in nature , it is argued that derived nominals are best analyzed as syntactically derived from an underlying vp , via head-raising . canac marquis , rejean . ( university of massachusetts , amherst ) ; a / a - bar chain uniformity . pb . xiii + 285 pp . ph . d . dissertation , 1994 . $ 16 + s / h ( $ 3 domestic , $ 4 foreign surface ) . glsa , glsa @ linguist . umass . edu . this thesis develops a theory of chain uniformity based on a strict a / a - bar distinction , replying to alleged shortcomings of an a - a - bar typology of syntactic positions . arguing all positions withing functional categories ( fcs ) are inherently undetermined w . r . t . a / a - bar , chain uniformity allows a chain contextual determination of their a / a - bar status , eliminating the exponential complexity related to increasing number of fcs from a language acquisition viewpoint , yet allowing a cross-linguistic flexibility previous typologies lacked . chain uniformity implies a reanalysis of ( non-unifrom ) operator - variable chains as two unfiorm chains connnected through clausal predication ( as in null operator constructions ( nocs ) ) at the level of agrps , capturing intricate properties of past-participle agreement in french ( chapter 3 ) . other chapters extend the analysis to specific constructions , e . g . scrambling ( chapter 5 ) , weak and weakest crossover effects ( chapter 4 ) and nocs ( chapter 6 ) .
  """",0
  1474,""""Subject: 
   
   history of ling the magic of a common language : jakobson , mathesius , trubetzkoy , and the prague linguistic circle by jindrich toman current studies in linguistics series # 26 , the mit press $ 40 hardcover available from the mit press 800 . 356 . 0343 or < mitpress-orders @ mit . edu > social and cultural environment , historical factors , and tenets of the prague linguistics circle . available for discussion . discourse analysis firth , alan ( ed ) . [ 1995 ] the discourse of negotiation : studies of language in the workplace . language & communication library . pergamon . trix , frances . [ 1993 ] spiritual discourse : learning with an islamic master . university of pennsylvania press . psycholinguistics gleitman , lila and barbara landau . [ 1994 ] the acquisition of the lexicon . a bradford book . the mit press . cambridge , ma . sociolinguistics figueroa , esther . [ 1994 ] sociolinguistic metatheory . language & communication library volume 14 . pergamon . syntax deane , paul d . [ 1992 ] grammar in mind and brain : explorations in cognitive syntax . cognitive linguistics research , 2 . mouton de gruyter . fiengo , robert and robert may . [ 1994 ] indices and identity . linguistic inquiry monograph twenty - four . the mit press : cambridge . kayne , richard s . [ 1994 ] the antisymmetry of syntax . linguistic inquiry monograph twenty - five . the mit press : cambridge . levin , beth and malka rappaport hovav . [ 1995 ] unaccusativity : at the syntax - lexical semantics interface . linguistic inquiry monograph twenty - six . the mit press : cambridge .
  """",0
  1475,""""Subject: 
   
   psycholinguistics aitchison , jean ( university of oxford ) words in the mind : an introduction to the mental lexicon 1994 6 x 9 304 pages 0-631 - 18921 - 1 paperback $ 21 . 95 this book deals with words , and how humans learn them , remember them , understand them , and select them . it discusses the structure and content of the human word-store or ' mental lexicon ' with particular reference to the spoken language of native english speakers . the new edition contains substantial additions and revisions , reflecting new developments arising from the tremendous growth of research into the mental lexicon . there are two new chapters , and others have been considerably expanded . no chapter remains unaltered , and over 300 new references have been added as notes and suggestions for further reading . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . romaine , suzanne ( university of oxford ) bilingualism : second edition 1994 6 x 9 691 pages 0-631 - 19539 - 4 paperback $ 24 . 95 the new edition explores various aspects of bilingual behaviour , such as code switching and language mixing , in terms of their social functions within the bilingual speech community as well as in terms of neurolinguistic organization in the individual speaker . the author also assesses the positive and negative claims made for the effects of bilingualism on children 's cognitive , social and academic development , and examines the assumptions behind various language policies and programs for bilingual children . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com language acquisition smith , neil and tsimpli , ianthi - maria ( university college , london , and university of newcastle upon tyne ) the mind of a savant : language , learning and modularity january 1995 6 x 9 256 pages 0-631 - 19017 - 1 paperback $ 19 . 95 0-631 - 19016 - 3 hardcover $ 49 . 95 savants are people who are mentally and often physically inpaired but who have one dazzling talent . savants with mathematical , artistic or musical ability , while rare , are not unheard of , but cases like that of christopher , who is described here , have never been reported before . in this study neil smith and ianthi tsimpli provide insight into the nature of language and language learning , and on the relation between language and thought in general . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com
  """",0
  1476,""""Subject: cognitive science technical reports
   
   the following new technical reports are now available from the institute for research in cognitive science : probabilistic matching of brain images j . c . gee l . lebriquer c . barillot d . r . haynor ircs-95 - 07 $ 2 . 20 image matching has emerged as an important area of investigation in medical image analysis . in particular , much attention has been focused on the atlas problem , in which a template representing the structural anatomy of the human brain is deformed to match anatomic brain images from a given individual . the problem is made difficult because there are important differences in both the gross and local morphology of the brain among normal individuals . we have formulated the image matching problem under a bayesian framework . the bayesian methodology facilitates a principled approach to the development of a matching model . of special interest is its capacity to deal with uncertainty in the estimates , a potentially important but generally ignored aspect of the solution . in the construction of a reference system for the human brain , the bayesian approach is well suited to the task of modeling variation in morphology . statistical information about morphological variability , accumulated over past samples , can be formally introduced into the problem formulation to guide the matching or normalization of future data sets . bayesian approach to the brain image matching problem j . c . gee l . lebriquer c . barillot d . r . haynor r . bajcsy ircs-95 - 08 $ 1 . 80 the application of image matching to the problem of localizing structural anatomy in images of the human brain forms the specific aim of our work . the interpretation of such images is a difficult task for human observers because of the many ways in which the identity of a given structure can be obscured . our approach is based on the assumption that a common topology underlies the anatomy of normal individuals . to the degree that this assumption holds , the localization problem can be solved by determining the mapping from the anatomy of a given individual to some referential atlas of cerebral anatomy . previous such approaches have in many cases relied on a physical interpretation of this mapping . in this paper , we examine a more general bayesian formulation of the image matching problem and demonstrate the approach on two-dimensional magnetic resonance images . xtag system - a wide coverage grammar for english christy doran dania egedi beth ann hockey b . srinivas martin zaidel ircs-95 - 09 $ 1 . 03 this paper presents the xtag system , a grammar development tool based on the tree adjoining grammar ( tag ) formalism that includes a wide-coverage syntactic grammar for english . the various components of the system are discussed and preliminary evaluation results from the parsing of various corpora are given . results from the comparison of xtag against the ibm statistical parser and the alvey natural language tool parser are also given . disambiguation of super parts of speech ( or supertags ) : almost parsing aravind k . joshi b . srinivas ircs-95 - 10 $ 1 . 28 in a lexicalized grammar formalism such as lexicalized tree - adjoining grammar ( ltag ) , each lexical item is associated with at least one elementary structure ( supertag ) that localizes syntactic and semantic dependencies . thus a parser for a lexicalized grammar must search a large set of supertags to choose the right ones to combine for the parse of the sentence . we present techniques for disambiguating supertags using local information such as lexical preference and local lexical dependencies . the similarity between ltag and dependency grammars is exploited in the dependency model of supertag disambiguation . the performance results for various models of supertag disambiguation such as unigram , trigram and dependency-based models are presented . a freely available syntactic lexicon for english dania egedi patrick martin ircs-95 - 11 $ 1 . 18 this paper presents a syntactic lexicon for english that was originally derived from the oxford advanced learner 's dictionary and the oxford dictionary of current idiomatic english , and then modified and augmented by hand . there are more than 37 , 000 syntactic entries from all 8 parts of speech . an x - windows based tool is available for maintaining the lexicon and performing searches . c and lisp hooks are also available so that the lexicon can be easily utilized by parsers and other programs . lexicalization and grammar development b . srinivas dania egedi christy doran tilman becker ircs-95 - 12 $ 1 . 18 in this paper we present a fully lexicalized grammar formalism as a particularly attractive framework for the specification of natural language grammars . we discuss in detail feature - based , lexicalized tree adjoining grammars ( fb-ltag s ) , a representative of the class of lexicalized grammars . we illustrate the advantages of lexicalized grammars in various contexts of natural language processing , ranging from wide-coverage grammar development to parsing and machine translation . we also present a method for compact and efficient representation of lexicalized trees . a processing model for free word order languages owen rambow aravind k . joshi ircs-95 - 13 $ 2 . 00 like many verb-final languages , german displays considerable word-order freedom : there is no syntactic constraint on the ordering of the nominal arguments of a verb , as long as the verb remains in final position . this effect is referred to as ` ` scrambling ' ' , and is interpreted in transformational frameworks as leftward movement of the arguments . furthermore , arguments from an embedded clause may move out of their clause ; this effect is referred to as ` ` long-distance scrambling ' ' . while scrambling has recently received considerable attention in the syntactic literature , the status of long-distance scrambling has only rarely been addressed . the reason for this is the problematic status of the data : not only is long-distance scrambling highly dependent on pragmatic context , it also is strongly subject to degradation due to processing constraints . as in the case of center-embedding , it is not immediately clear whether to assume that observed unacceptability of highly complex sentences is due to grammatical restrictions , or whether we should assume that the competence grammar does not place any restrictions on scrambling ( and that , therefore , all such sentences are in fact grammatical ) , and the unacceptability of some ( or most ) of the grammatically possible word orders is due to processing limitations . in this paper , we will argue for the second view by presenting a processing model for german . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * how to access reports : the reports are available in bound form for the price listed above , or may be obtained for free , electronically . to obtain a compressed postscript copy of the report , open an anonymous ftp session on ftp . cis . upenn . edu path : pub / ircs / technical-reports the files are named according to their number . for example , report 95-01 is stored as 95-01 . ps . z , 95-02 is stored as 95-02 . ps . z , etc . if you are using ftp , change the setting to binary and download the file . to get a copy of report 95-01 , you would type : binary get 95-01 . ps . z you can also obtain files through electronic mail . send a mail message to ircsserv @ ftp . cis . upenn . edu . the message should read """""""" send technical-reports filename """""""" . you will receive the compressed postscript file in reply . requests for bound copies should be sent to the address listed below , and include a check for the price of the desired report . checks should be made payable to """""""" trustees of the university of pennsylvania . """""""" jodi kerper jbkerper @ central . cis . upenn . edu institute for research in cognitive science 3401 walnut street , suite 400c philadelphia , pa 19104-6228
  """",0
  1477,""""Subject: 
   
   semantics 1 ) p . m . bertinetto , v . bianchi , j . higginbotham , m . squartini ( eds . ) : temporal reference , aspect , and actionality . vol . 1 : semantic and syntactic perspectives . pb : 250pp . ; approx . usd 30 ; rosenberg & sellier ( via andrea doria 14 , i-10123 torino , credit card accepted ) actionality : p . m . bertinetto & m . squartini , l . j . brinton , i . depraetere , j - p . descles & z . guentcheva , e . ; semantics and syntax : a . bonomi , g . chierchia , d . delfitto & pm . bertinetto , a . lenci , j . pustejovsky & f . busa , a . sanfilippo , h . verkuyl ; discourse relations : r . boogaart , w . castelnovo , w . castelnovo & r . vogel , v . lo cascio , c . vet ; syntax & semantics : v . bianchi , m . squartini , pm . bertinetto , l . dini , a . giorgi & f . pianesi , j . nunes & e . thompson , t . stowell , k . zagona . 2 ) p . m . bertinetto , v . bianchi , o . dahl , m . squartini ( eds . ) : temporal reference , aspect , and actionality . vol . 2 : typological perspectives . pb : 250 pp . ; approx . usd 30 ; rosenberg & sellier ( via andrea doria 14 , i-10123 torino , credit card accepted ) general issues : o . dahl , c . de groot , r . thieroff & m . budde ; the interrelationship of aspect and actionality : c . bache , l . gebert , j . lindstedt , c . s . smith , h . tommola ; the progressive : o . heinamaki , e . konig , h . metslang , k . h . ebert ; the perfects : j . boulle , f . fici giusti , t . a . j . m . janssen , a . mittwoch ; tense & beyond : a . aksu koc , a . giacalone ramat . for more informations : bertinet @ sns . it
  """",0
  1478,""""Subject: 
   
   simply send a message to : listserv @ tamvm1 . tamu . edu ( internet ) or listserv @ tamvm1 ( bitnet ) the message should consist of the single line : get publishername lst linguist for example , to get more information on a book published by mouton de gruyter , send the message : get mouton lst linguist at the moment , the following lists are available : benjamin lst ( john benjamins ) erlbaum lst ( lawrence erlbaum ) kluwer lst ( kluwer academic publishers ) mouton lst ( mouton de gruyter ) sil lst ( summer institute of linguistics ) ucp lst ( university of chicago press ) glsa lst ( u . of massachusetts graduate linguistics association ) osuwpl lst ( ohio state working papers in linguistics ) cornell lst ( cornell university linguistics dept . ) usc lst ( u . of s . california dissertation list ) csli lst ( csli list )
  """",0
  1479,""""Subject: notice to subscribers
   
   moderators ' note : as some of you have noted , we have fallen behind in posting messages this summer . the reason is that we are extremely shorthanded right now . as you know , none of our student editors is paid during the summer , so if they want to go to the lsa institute ( ljuba and anna ) , take a """""""" real """""""" 9 - 5 : 00 job ( ron ) , or even get married ( ann ) , all we can say is : a ) godspeed b ) boy , do we now realize how much work you were doing all year ! we have n't edited without help since the list was 1000 subscribers . now it 's 6500 ; and we find that we simply can't keep up in the time we have to give to linguist . ( unfortunately , our universities expect us to teach , write , run academic programs , and otherwise pretend we ' re professors . editing linguist is strictly extra-curricular . ) all this is said , not in order to complain , but simply to ask for your patience with the inevitable slowdown . at this point , we do n't see anything we can do about it . however , in a few weeks , things should improve . ann ( bride of 2 weeks ! ) is helping out now when she can ; and the others will help out again when they get settled . also , software that will make the editing faster should be in place by the end of summer . but , of course , the real solution would be paid editors in the summer , i . e . , grad students on fellowship and enrolled in summer school . thus , we want to thank - - most heartily - - those of you who have contributed to the linguist development fund that makes possible fellowships for student editors . after told you in april that we were $ 5000 short of the $ 8000 we need to retain ljuba and ann , you responded most generously . we received about 200 contributions ranging from $ 5 to $ 500 and coming from all parts of the globe . we are extremely grateful for contributions of all sizes - - and for the many encouraging notes we received as well . the list of 1995 contributors below includes grad students , professors , departments , universities , and commercial and non-commercial publishers . please take a minute to read through it , as we would like to make sure that supporters are recognized - - particularly organizations and publishers , who contribute more as a service to the discipline than for commercial benefits . unfortunately , we are still short of our goal . if you ' ve been thinking of contributing but have n't gotten around to it yet , we 'd very much appreciate your help . please send your contributions to : linguist editorial support fund c / o english dept . eastern michigan u . ypsilanti , mi 48197 usa and , once again , our most sincere thanks to the individuals and institutions listed below . - helen & anthony - - - - - - - - - - 1995 contributors - - - - - - - - valued supporters : anonymous ( 3 ) barbara abbott maher awad yukiko sasaki alam robert beard elabbas benmamoun robert chandler linda coleman alan cienki donna cromer stanley dubinsky bethany dumas susan fischer frank gladney john grinstead yukio hirose alice horning shin ja hwang frances ingemann margaret jackman james jenkins brian joseph martin jung carolyn kirkpatrick yuriko kite ernest mccarus scott mcginnis deborah mandelbaum jeff marck susan pintzuk terence potter mel resnick burton rosner catherine rudin janine scanarelli makoto shimizu beth simon patrons ( $ 50 or more ) : anonymous australia national university ( for pacific linguistics press ) michael bernstein ( for cascadilla press ) garland bills claude boisson e . wayles browne tucker childs bernard comrie julia falk james harris carolyn herrarte richard hudson roderick jacobs karen jensen ( w / matching funds from microsoft ) james kirchner tadao miyamato katsuhiko momoi daniel radzinski alexis manaster ramer barbara pearson joe salmons & monica macaulay ucla yutaka sato ernest scatton karen stanley karl teeter theo vennemann mainstays ( $ 100 or more ) : anonymous victoria fromkin arnold zwicky university of helsinki ? elsevier science ltd . globalink : the translation co . holland academic graphics indiana university linguistics club publications linguistics dept . , academica sinica john benjamins , inc . kluwer academic publishing lawrence erlbaum macquarie dictionary the mit press ( book dept . ) the mit press ( journals dept . ) the mit working papers in linguistics summer institute of linguistics
  """",0
  1480,""""Subject: haskins laboratories world wide web site
   
   = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = haskins laboratories , located in new haven , connecticut , is a private , non-profit research laboratory founded in 1935 . we have been continuously engaged in interdisciplinary basic research for over fifty years , including pioneering work on the acoustics of speech , the development of speech synthesis and its application to the study of speech perception . currently , most of the laboratories ' research projects are focused on problems in human communication and related topics , including speech perception , speech production , reading , linguistics , motor behavior , cognitive science , nonlinear dynamics , medical imaging , functional mri , etc . our < a href = """""""" http : / / www . haskins . yale . edu / """""""" > www home page < / a > provides an overview of the laboratories . < a href = """""""" http : / / www . haskins . yale . edu / haskins / misc / special . html """""""" > special features < / a > of our web site include a virtual tour of the < a href = """""""" http : / / www . haskins . yale . edu / haskins / misc / pp / pp . html """""""" > pattern playback < / a > , an early talking machine ; a description of research on < a href = """""""" http : / / www . haskins . yale . edu / haskins / misc / sws / sws . html """""""" > sinewave synthesis < / a > that includes an on-line perception experiment ; an interactive tutorial on our < a href = """""""" http : / / www . haskins . yale . edu / haskins / misc / asy / asy . html """""""" > articulatory synthesis < / a > vocal tract model ; and information on < a href = """""""" http : / / www . haskins . yale . edu / haskins / misc / vtv / vtv . html """""""" > v-tv < / a > , the vocal tract visualizer cd-rom that is presently under development , including some sample < a href = """""""" http : / / www . haskins . yale . edu / haskins / misc / vtv / mrisets . html """""""" > mri images < / a > . philip rubin , ph . d . vice president for technical resources haskins laboratories 270 crown st . , new haven , ct 06511 email : rubin @ haskins . yale . edu www : http : / / www . haskins . yale . edu
  """",0
  1481,""""Subject: announce : mac common lisp http server 1 . 2 beta ( 29 . 2 )
   
   the common lisp web server is now available for mcl 3 . 0 . you can now interface your lisp programs to the world show exactly what you can do better and faster in lisp . the server is full-featured ( http 1 . 0 and html 2 . 0 ) and comes complete with source code . it has been proven in major production systems ( running on the lisp machine ) and applied in a number of artificial intelligence systems . key features include : * computed urls * html 2 . 0 generation . * implements get , head , post , put , delete http methods . * extensible , object-oriented architecture . * advanced condition architecture . * self - documentation . * working examples to get you started . * toolkit of web abstractions . * rapid prototyping for research , products , or protocol development . * disconnected operation on powerbooks . * complete source code . * free . the server was described in a paper at the 1st www conference http : / / www . ai . mit . edu / projects / iiip / doc / cl-http / server-abstract . html mac and lisp machine versions are now available for ftp from : ftp : / / ftp . ai . mit . edu / pub / users / jcma / cl-http / mac version 1 . 1 is included in the mcl 3 . 0 cd from digitool ( http : / / www . digitool . com / ) , which was cut yesterday and should be in user hands within about two weeks . the server also runs in mcl 2 . 0 . 1 , but only in single threaded mode . a listserve to discuss common lisp based www servers , clients , and related design issues is available at www-cl @ ai . mit . edu . you can join by sendin g an email message to www-cl - request @ ai . mit . edu including in the message body subscribe www-cl < your email address > future releases will be announced to www-cl . please report any interesting applications or server extensions to www-cl @ ai . mit . edu volunteers are sought for ports to lispworks , franz , lucid , cmu lisp or any other full-featured lisps running on pcs , unix machines , or other architectures . given the mac port , this reduces to deploying threads and interfacing to tcp . there will be a tutorial on this server and programming the web at the 1995 lisp users and vendors conference in cambridge in august , 1995 . ( contact luv-organizer @ ai . sri . com for further information ) . information is sought on other uses of dynamic languages ( e . g . , lisp , scheme , dylan ) in world wide web applications . the mac port was a product of a collaboration between apple 's cambridge research laboratory , the ai department of the university of wuerzburg , digitool inc , and the mit artificial intelligence laboratory . support for the mit ai lab 's research is provided in part by the advanced research projects agency of the us department of defense under contract number mda972-93 - 1-003n7 .
  """",0
  1482,""""Subject: ipa fonts for unix ( tex )
   
   in linguist 6 . 810 , steve anderson requested an english version of the documentation for the tsipa fonts . prof . fukui rei , one of the authors of the fonts , has supplied such a translation and also indicated that a new version of tsipa package in the ctan archives is being prepared which will contain this documentation . in the meantime , the documentation is available via ftp at taptet . sscl . uwo . ca in subdirectory pub . download the files tsipadoc . ps or tsipadoc . lj ( postscript , pcl versions ) depending on your printer . if you wish to process the documentation yourself , download tsipa . sty . gz and tsipadoc . tar . gz . use latex 2 . 09 , not latex2e . chet creider < creider @ julian . uwo . ca >
  """",0
  1483,""""Subject: 
   
   lappin , shalom ( editor ) , ( school of oriental and african studies , london ) the handbook of contemporary semantic theory december 1995 6 3 / 4 x 9 3 / 4 608 pages 0-631 - 18752 - 9 hardcover this volume provides a comprehensive view of the central issues in contemporary semantic theory . new articles by leading researchers in the field give an introductory account of previous work along with a presentation of new innovations and results . thus the handbook is both an authoritative guide to the major developments of linguistic semantics and a significant contribution to the current research . the articles in the handbook are written in an accessible style and include detailed references . in addition , the volume includes an extensive central bibliography which is intended to serve as a research tool for students and linguists working in the field . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com goldsmith , john a . ( university of chicago ) the handbook of phonological theory january 1995 6 3 / 4 x 9 3 / 4 1000 pages 0-631 - 18062 - 1 hardcover $ 79 . 95 the handbook of phonological theory brings together a detailed examination of the state of phonological theory in this decade . in a series of essays on topics as varied as underspecification theory , prosodic morphology , and syllable structure , 37 leading phonologists offer a critical survey of the leading and guiding ideas that lie behind the research in this active area of linguistic research . in all cases , the contributions have been written by leading workers in the areas which they discuss , and in many of the cases , the chapters of the handbook are the first published expositions of new perspectives which have already begun to shape the climate of research in the field . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com fletcher , paul and macwhinney , brian ( editors ) , ( university of reading and carnegie mellon university ) the handbook of child language 1994 6 3 / 4 x 9 3 / 4 786 pages 0-631 - 18405 - 8 hardcover $ 79 . 95 this volume , in its twenty-five definitive papers on normal and non-normal language development , represents the authoritative and up-to - date complete sourcebook on child language development . all aspects of child 's language development are addressed , including phonetics , phonology , grammar , and lexical development . connectionism and government-binding theory , as applied to development , are fully represented . the relevance of input , cognition and social factors to language development is explored . chapters on methodology , particularly using computer databases , are provided for both normal and non-normal acquisition . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com gottlieb , a . & murphy , m . l . beng-english dictionary ( with english-beng index ) . 1995 . xxv + 116 pp . prepaid u . s . check or money order , us $ 11 . 50 + 3 . 50 p&h ( us ) / 5 . 00 ( can ) / 5 . 50 ( other ) . iulc publications , 720 e . atwater ave . , bloomington in 47401 . < iulc @ indiana . edu > this is the first dictionary of this southern mande language of the cote d ' ivoire . with over 2000 headwords plus many idiomatic phrases , it provides linguistic and cultural information . an introduction on the sociolinguistic status of beng , and a section on its phonology and grammar are included .
  """",0
  1484,""""Subject: 
   
   labov , william ( university of pennsylvania ) principles of linguistic change : volume 1 : internal factors 1994 6 x 9 672 pages 0-631 - 17914 - 3 paperback $ 29 . 95 0-631 - 17913 - 5 hardcover $ 69 . 95 this book develops the general principles of linguistic change that form the foundations of historical linguistics , dialectology and sociolinguistics . it is concerned with the factors that govern the internal development of linguistic structures : the mechanisms of change , the constraints on change , and the ways in which change is embedded in the larger linguistic system . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com chambers , j . k . ( university of toronto ) sociolinguistic theory : linguistic variation and its social significance february 1995 6 x 9 256 pages 0-631 - 18326 - 4 paperback $ 19 . 95 0-631 - 18325 - 6 hardcover $ 52 . 95 since the inception of sociolinguistics more than three decades ago , the correlation of dependent linguistic variables with independent social variables has provided the theoretical core of the discipline . chambers reviews the essential findings of henrietta cedegren , william labov , lesley milroy and james milroy , david sankoff , gillian sankoff , peter trudgill , walt wolfram , and many others , and puts them into context both with the work of the numerous linguists who have followed their lead and with their intellectual forbears from wilhelm von humboldt and louis gauchat to edward sapir . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com clackson , james ( trinity college , university of cambridge , uk ) the linguistic relationship between armenian and greek january 1995 5 1 / 2 x 8 1 / 2 276 pages 0-631 - 19197 - 6 paperback $ 29 . 95 this work examines the evidence for a special relationship between greek and armenian within the indo - european family . it contains studies of the methods used to assess interrelationships within language families ; the comparative reconstruction of proto - indo - european ; the interpretation of greek and armenian texts ; and the developments of the greek and armenian languages . the work outlines the existing methods employed for assessing the relationships between languages in the same genetic family , and sets forward the principles on which such investigations should proceed . the following chapters examine specific agreements between greek and armenian , and assess their significance for the relationship between the two languages . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com
  """",0
  1485,""""Subject: 
   
   tsujimura , natsuko an introduction to japanese linguistics january 1996 6 3 / 4 x 9 3 / 4 400 pages 0-631 - 19856 - 3 paperback 0-631 - 19855 - 5 hardcover this is the first textbook on the structure of japanese written in the framework of generative linguistics . it serves both as an introduction to japanese linguistics for those who have no prior knowledge of linguistics , and as a reference book on japanese for linguists in general . the book gives a comprehensive account of japanese linguistics covering phonetics , phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics , language change , dialect variation and gender differences . the author introduces linguistic notions and terminology and discusses theoretical analyzes for linguistic phenomena in the language . a major focus is on phonology and syntax , where the formal approach of generative grammar is adopted . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com de bruyne , jacques and pountain , christopher ( rijksuniversiteit gent and university of cambridge ) a comprehensive spanish grammar october 1995 5 1 / 2 x 8 1 / 2 624 pages 0-631 - 19087 - 2 paperback $ 29 . 95 0-631 - 16803 - 6 hardcover $ 64 . 95 this is a definitive grammar for all students of spanish . the book covers topics from basic pronounciation and the use of the noun , to particular problem areas , such as difficulties with verbs and word order . special sections examine regional diversity within the language , and attention is paid throughout to the inclusion of latin - american spanish . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com dr jassem , zaidan ali et al , 1995 , drills in arabic writing & pronunciation as a foreign / second language : a comparison with english and languages of the muslim world . pp . xxi , 114 . ( golden books centre sdn bhd , no . 14 , 1st floor , lorong bunus enam , off jalan masjid india , 50100 kuala lumpur , malaysia . tel . + o3 - 2939862 / 2939864 ; fax : + o3 - 2928035 . this book deals with the teaching of arabic writing and pronunciation from the viewpoint of modern linguistics , ie , structuralist linguistics . it has three parts : one for vowels , long and short as well as other writing marks ; one for consonants ; and one on the pronunciation of the definite article al - in its qamari and shamsi forms . each letter or sound is presented separately and contrasted with other sounds or letters . the book is the first of its kind in arabic and is suitable for every one with interest in arabic language and linguistics .
  """",0
  1486,""""Subject: 
   
   sacks , harvey , ( edited by emanuel schegloff ) lectures on conversation january 1995 6 x 9 1520 pages 1-55786 - 705 - 4 paperback $ 59 . 95 this project makes available for the first time the entire corpus of lectures by a writer whose thought and method influenced a generation of sociologists and sociolinguists . originally published as two volumes , this comprehensive single-volume edition contains the complete lectures , beginning with the lectures delivered at ucla , from fall 1964 through spring 1968 . sacks explores a great variety of topics , but two key issues emerge : rules of conversational sequencing , and membership categorization devices . the lectures culminate in the extensive and formal explication of turn-taking delivered in fall 1967 . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com sperber , dan and wilson , deirdre relevance : communication and cognition second edition october 1995 6 x 9 320 pages 0-631 - 19878 - 4 paperback $ 19 . 95 this second edition contains the original text , corrected and with new explanatory notes , and a postface outlining developments in relevance theory since the first edition , discussing the more serious criticisms of the theory , and envisaging possible revisions or extensions . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com scollon , ronald and scollon , suzanne wong ( city polytechnic of hong kong , hong kong ) intercultural communication 1994 6 x 9 301 pages 0-631 - 19489 - 4 paperback $ 22 . 95 0-631 - 19488 - 6 hardcover $ 49 . 95 this volume is both an introduction and practical guide to the main concepts and problems of intercultural communication . viewed from within the framework of interactive sociolinguistics associated with tannen , gumperz , and others , this volume focuses in particular on the discourse of westerners and of asians , the discourse of men and women , corporate discourse and the discourse of professional organizations , and inter-generational discourse . it makes use of research in pragmatics , discourse analysis , organizational communications , social psychology , and the ethnography of communication . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com coulmas , florian ( chuo university , tokyo ) the blackwell encyclopedia of writing systems november 1995 640 pages 0-631 - 19446 - 0 hardcover $ 74 . 95 this book draws on historical and paleographic research into fundamental structural options of representing language by means of a graphic code , on psychological investigation into the social conditions and consequences of literacy . entries vary between short explanations of terms and concepts , brief accounts of individual writing systems and longer theoretical articles . the encyclopedia contains an array of visual examples and is supported by a comprehensive bibliography . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com barton , david ( university of lancaster , uk ) literacy : an introduction to the ecology of written language 1994 6 x 9 264 pages 0-631 - 19091 - 0 paperback $ 21 . 95 0-631 - 19089 - 9 hardcover $ 49 . 95 this is the first general introduction to the new emerging field of literacy studies . it brings recent developments together in a coherent manner , by showing how new research has contributed to our understanding of literacy practices in a range of settings . the book explores the competing definitions of literacy in contemporary society , and examines the theories of language and of learning which underpin new views of literacy . the book is intended as an introduction to literacy studies for the student or general reader . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com vincent , nigel ( university of manchester ) language , linguistics and philology : papers from the philological society anniversary symposium , november 1992 december 1995 0-631 - 19068 - 6 paperback this volume brings together a selection of papers from the 1992 philological society anniversary symposium which explore the connections between linguistic thought in britain and europe in the 19th and 20th centuries and current research . the chapters cover semantics , syntax , morphology and phonology . a particular focus is the reception of european and american ideas within linguistics in britain . blackwell publishers : phone : ( 800 ) 216-2522 fax : ( 802 ) 864-7626 email : blkwell @ world . std . com
  """",0
  1487,""""Subject: journal of japanese linguistics : vol . 15
   
   content - length : 3687 i am sending the following announcement of the new issue ( vol . 15 ) of the journal of japanese linguistics on behalf of the editors . all inquiries should be addressed to the journal 's addresses ( surface , e-mail , fax ) provided below . the announcement is primarily meant for scholars residing outside japan . this document and later updates , if any , will also be available at the following www site : http : / / condor . stcloud . msus . edu : 20020 / tojpn . html - - - - - - journal of japanese linguistics volume 15 ( 1993 ) table of contents lexical and productive causatives in japanese : an examination of the theory of paradigmatic structure s . - y . kuroda , university of california , san diego nonsubject honorification : a pragmatic analysis shoko hamano , george washington university the generalized transformation analysis of relative clauses and island effects in japanese keiko murasugi , kinjo gakuin university notes on control constructions in japanese naoko nemoto , binghamton university extraction of doo and its implications hiroyuki ura , mit - - - - - - rates libraries / institutions individuals vol . 15 $ 35 . 00 $ 20 . 00 back issues available : vol . 14 $ 35 . 00 $ 20 . 00 vol . 13 $ 30 . 00 $ 18 . 00 vol . 12 $ 30 . 00 $ 18 . 00 vol . 11 $ 25 . 00 $ 16 . 00 ( only a few copies left ) * * issues prior to vol . 10 are no longer available . * * vol . 11 was published as papers in japanese linguistics all orders should be prepaid in u . s . currency . include an additional us $ 7 . 50 ( per copy ) for air mail postage outside japan . shipment by sea ( surface ) is free . send checks or money orders ( payable to the journal of japanese linguistics ) to the jjl office . all orders , inquiries , and manuscripts should be sent to : jjl nanzan university email : jjl @ ic . nanzan-u . ac . jp 18 yamazatocho , showaku fax : japan 052-832 - 5490 nagoya 466 japan editors : yasuaki abe ( nanzan u . ) yoko sugioka ( keio u . )
  """",0
  1488,""""Subject: re : toc
   
   dear colleague , i would like to send you the following announcement ( the publisher has no email connection ) . """""""" rivista di linguistica """""""" , volume 6 , issue 2 , 1994 on linguistic categorization 163 stefania giannini & romano lazzeroni , foreword 167 d . a . cruse , prototype theory and lexical relations 189 dirk geeraerts , classical definability and the monosemic bias 209 stefania giannini , gender grammatical polarization in late latin and some italian dialectal areas . a cognitive view 237 georges kleiber , lexicon et cognition : y a-t - il des termes de base ? 267 romano lazzeroni , rileggendo benveniste : le relazioni di persona nel verbo 275 geoffrey s . nathan , how the phoneme inventory gets its shape cognitive grammar 's view of phonological systems 289 paolo ramat & davide ricca , prototypical adverbs : on the scalarity / radiality of the notion of adverb 327 john r . taylor , fuzzy categories in syntax : the case of possessives and compounds in english 347 anna wierzbicka , the universality of taxonomic categorization and the indispensability of the concept ' kind ' 365 margaret e . winters , who are you talking to ? or , whom should i say is calling ? language change in the adult grammar for more information : bertinet @ sns . it
  """",0
  1489,""""Subject: ial east asian perspective
   
   the following special issue of issues in applied linguistics is now available : applied linguistics from an east asian perspective including the following articles , interviews and book reviews : articles writing concepts in chinese by xia wang a cross cultural study of indirectness by hiroko spees developmental sequences in learning japanese : a look at negation by ruth kanagy the multiple functions of sumimasen by kazumi kimura socializing the expression of affect : an overview of affective particle usage in the jfl classroom by amy snyder ohta english and japanese demonstratives : a contrastive study of sla by tomomi niimura and brenda hayashi the role of questioning in japanese political discourse by mariko yokota english and japanese : a cross - cultural comparison of parental styles in narrative elicitation by masahiko minami interviews issues in chinese functionalism : an interview with sandra thompson by chiung - chih huang a new perspective on women 's language in japanese : an interview with sachiko ide by satomi mishina on the """""""" theory of territory of information """""""" : an interview with akio kamio by yumiko kawanishi conditionals and the logic of desirability : an interview with noriko akatsuka by patricia mayes book reviews a korean grammar on semantic - pragmatic principles by keedong lee reviewed by sung - ock s . sohn korean by ho - min sohn reviewed by yumiko kawanishi knowledge of reflexives in a second language by margaret thomas reviewed by colleen wong english grammar for students of japanese by mutsuko endo hudson reviewed by satomi mishina discourse modality by senko maynard reviewed by eri yoshida subjectivity in grammar and discourse by shoichi iwasaki reviewed by ryoko suzuki an introduction to japanese grammar and communication strategies by senko maynard reviewed by motoko ezaki to order , print out the order form below , fill in your address and send with your check to the following address : make checks payable to issues in applied linguistics ucla department of tesl / applied linguistics 3300 rolfe hall 405 hilgard avenue los angeles , ca 90024-1531 rates : _ _ student $ 7 . 50 _ _ faculty / individual $ 15 . 00 _ _ institution $ 20 . 00 for overseas orders , please include appropriate fee for one of the following mailing methods - - - - surface $ 2 . 50 - - - air mail $ 7 . 50 amount enclosed : $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone / fax _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",0
  1490,""""Subject: electronic informants needed !
   
   content - length : 445 this is posted on behalf of an ma student at birmingham university who is not on the list . for the purposes of his research he needs native speakers of german and italian to translate 60 short english sentences into their own language . if you are willing to volunteer , please send a message to : bastaj-p @ m4 - arts . bham . ac . uk ( tony bastow ) - and he will send you the sentences by e-mail . thanks ! sue blackwell
  """",0
  1491,""""Subject: query : japanese hist / lx
   
   content - length : 1277 dear colleagues , i ' m writing on behalf of a friend who is an amateur ( but highly competent ) historical linguist . he 's looking for a list of good historical works on japanese ( including both work on the development of the language , especially its phonology , throughout the written period and work on reconstructing its prior unrecorded form ( s ) and history ) written in either english or german . can you help me compile such a list ? i ' ll post a summary in a fortnight . gratefully , - - ivan a derzhanski ( iad @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk )
  """",0
  1492,""""Subject: hypnosis and teach / learning a l2 .
   
   content - length : 1161 my name is richar king ( raking @ argo . acs . oakland . edu ) . i am a grad student in linguistics . i am looking for info concerning the use of hypnosis ( age-regression ) to teach or learn a l2 . if i could be put in contact with someone who is / has doing / done research along this line i would be eternally grateful . for i would like to write my thesis concerning this . please excuse the typos . thank you , dick king
  """",0
  1493,""""Subject: summary and acknowledgments : [ n + v ] verbal compounds
   
   content - length : 5298 summary and acknowledgments on [ n + v ] verbs . in march , we sent a message about [ n + v ] verbal compounds . we were working on this kind of compounds in catalan and we wished to know what happen in other languages . we also asked for references . we received some messages . we briefly sum them up in 1 . in 2 . we list the people which answer us and , although we thank them personaly , we ( re ) thank them . 1 . summary our request said something like this : """""""" we are two resarchers at the universitat de girona ( sp ) and we are working on a kind of catalan verbal compounding . we sumarize tha characteristics of these compounds here below . we are interested in other vo languages with the same ( or similar ) process of verb formation . [ n + v ] v verbal compounding in catalan to be more clear we enumerate the relevant characteristics of our compounds . 1 . first of all , we must say that catalan is a vo language . 2 . our compounding looks like a process of noun incorporation where the incorporated noun within the lexical item is the ineternal argument in the syntactic structure . see ( 1 ) : ( 1 ) a . el cacador trenca la cama de l ' ocell . the hunter breaks the leg of the bird b . el cacador camtrenca l ' ocell . the hunter leg + breaks the bird 3 . nevertheless , the noun-incorporation doestn ' t affect to the capacity of the verb of assigning acusative case , this is , the complex verb remains transitive . 4 . this kind of """""""" noun-incorporation """""""" is only possible when the noun incorporated is a in inalienable possession noun ( ipn ) and the new internal argument of the complex verb is the possessor . see ( 2 ) and ( 3 ) : ( 2 ) a . corferir to heat + hurt b . colltorcer to neck + twist ( 3 ) a . * cadiratrencar to chair + break * ferrotorcer to iron + twist 5 . we hypothesise that the ipn acsts as a kind of modifier in the complex verbal form and it does n't act as a verbal argument """""""" most of the people gave us references , they are listed below . most of the answers coincide with the belief that this kind of verbal compounds are backformations from adjectives ( in - er ) or nominal compounds . then """""""" to baby sit """""""" comes from """""""" baby sitter """""""" for example . another repeated idea is that they are n't productive in languages as english , or romance languages . nevertheless , we still claim that both questions , the productiviy and the backformation , are not so clear in catalan . bertienetto notes that maybe there is a relation between this kind of nominal incorporation and a progressive aspect ( it has been also noted in the literature about the theme ; see , for example miller g . ( 1993 ) : complex verb formation , j . benjamins . ) . j . alvarez sent to us an interesting paper on incorporation and possessor ascension in guajiro . in that language , not only inp are able to be incorported but also other kind of nouns . we have n't demonstrated our hypothesis yet but we are carry on with our research and any comment is always welcome . references alvarez , jose ( 1994 ) : """""""" estudios de linguistica guajira """""""" . gobernacion del estado de zulia , maracaibo , venezuela . gavarro , anna ( 1990 ) : syntactic theory and the grammar of catalan compounds , phdiss , university of edinburg . klingebiel , kathryn ( 1989 ) : noun + verb compounding in western romance . berkeley , university of california press . robinson , peter ( 1988 ) : """""""" universals of word formation processes : noun incorporation in the acquisition of samoan as a second language """""""" velazquez-castillo , maura ( 1993 ) : the grammar of inalienability : possession and noun incorporation in parguayan guarani . phdiss , university of california , san diego . 2 . acknowledgements jose alvarez ( universidad de zulia , jalvar @ conicit . ve ) pier marco bertinetto ( scuola normale superiore dei pisa , bertinet @ sns . it ) george aaron broadwell ( suny - albany , g . broadwell @ albany . edu ) anna gavarro ( universitat autonoma de barcelona , ilfth @ cc . uab . es ) jose ignacio hualde ( university of illinois , jihualde @ ux1 . cso . uiuc . edu ) suzanne kemmer ( university of california , san diego , kemmer @ ruf . rice . edu ) arantza martinez ( univerisitat del pais basc , fvmaeca @ sd . ehu . es ) peter robinson ( university of queensland , peterr @ lingua . cltr . uq . oz . au ) max wheeler ( univerity of sussex , maxw @ cogs . susx . ac . uk ) olga fullana ( fullana @ skywalker . udg . es ) lluisa gracia ( gracia @ skywalker . udg . es ) univerittat de girona dept . filologia i filosofia pl . ferrater mora , 1 e-17071 girona spain
  """",0
  1494,""""Subject: sum : verbal humour
   
   content - length : 4144 dear linguist readers , i would like to thank - collectively but whole-heartedly - the following colleagues who replied to my query about the study of verbal humour : salvatore attardo ( sattardo @ cc . ysu . edu ) larry horn ( lhorn @ yalevm . cis . yale . edu ) dr . christian k . nelson ( cnelson @ vm . cc . purdue . edu ) erika conrad ( elk @ nauvax . ucc . nau . edu ) e . wayles browne ( ewb2 @ cornell . edu ) jen hay ( jennifer . hay @ vuw . ac . nz ) sally jacoby ( ihw1051 @ mvs . oac . ucla . edu ) eh hubbard ( hubbaeh @ alpha . unisa . ac . za ) laura christine hartley ( hartleyl @ student . msu . edu ) jeffrey weber ( jefweb @ aol . com ) theresa a . tobin ( tat @ mit . edu ) douglas olivier ( douglaso @ ucrac1 . ucr . edu ) richard henry ( henry008 @ maroon . tc . umn . edu ) monique biemans ( u249061 % hnykun11 . bitnet @ cc1 . kuleuven . ac . be ) julie christiansen ( juliech @ mpi . nl ) kirk belnap ( belnapk @ yvax . byu . edu ) keith mccormick heather marie anderson ( hmanders @ indiana . edu ) inga dolinina ( dolinina @ mcmail . cis . mcmaster . ca ) venetia moschovou ( llrmosch @ reading . ac . uk ) i have not been able to track down all the details of the references i received so far . also , some respondents sent lengthy bibliographies which i cannot include here . what follows is a selective compilation ( note that many respondents referred to the first two entries below ) : humor : international journal of humor research attardo , salvatore , ( 1994 ) , linguistic theories of humour , berlin : mouton . attardo , salvatore , """""""" the violation of grice 's maxims in jokes """""""" , bls 16 paper chiaro , delia , ( 1992 ) , the language of jokes : analysing verbal play , new york : routledge . dan van raemdonck , ( 1986 ) , """""""" laughstory : du traitement du principe de cooperation et des maximes de conversation dans les histoires droles """""""" , diss . , university of brussels . durant , j . , and miller , j . ( eds . ) 1988 . laughing matters : a serious look at humour . new york : john wiley & sons , inc . hitchcock , inga dolinina , """""""" jokes as disguised argumentative discourse """""""" , proceedings of the 3rd issa conference , amsterdam , june 1995 . hockett , c . f . 1977a . jokes . in the view from language : selected essays 1948-1974 , c . f . hockett , 257-89 . athens , ga . : university of georgia . hockett , c . f . 1977b . """""""" where the tongue slips , there slip i """""""" , in the view from language : selected essays 1948-1974 , c . f . hockett , 226 - 56 . athens , ga . : university of georgia . lilli pretorius , ( 1990 ) , """""""" humour as defeated discourse expectations : conversational exchange in a monty python text """""""" , humor , 3 ( 3 ) . long , debra l . , and arthur c . graesser . 1988 . wit and humor in discourse processing . discourse processes 11 : 35-60 . lynne hunter ( 1983 ) , """""""" a gricean look at wit """""""" , cls 19 mulkay , michael , """""""" on humor . """""""" nilsen , don lee fred , ( 1993 ) , humor scholarship : a research bibliography , westport , conn . : greenwood press . norrick , neal r . 1993 . conversational joking : humor in everyday talk . bloomington , ind . : indiana university press . pepicello , w . j . 1987 . pragmatics of humorous language . int ' l j . soc . lang . 65 : 27-35 . raskin , victor . 1985 . semantic mechanisms of humor , dordrecht , holland : d . reidel . raskin , victor . 1987 . linguistic heuristics of humor : a script-based semantic approach . int ' l j . soc . lang . 65 : 11-25 . ruch , willibald , salvatore attardo , & victor raskin . 1993 . toward an empirical verification of the general theory of verbal humor , humor , 6 ( 2 ) : 123-36 . schultz , thomas r . , & maureen b . scott . 1974 . the creation of verbal humour . canadian journal of psychology 28 ( 4 ) : 421-25 . sherzer , joel . 1978 . """""""" oh ! that 's a pun and i did n't mean it """""""" , semiotica 22 ( 3 / 4 ) : 335-50 . sherzer , joel . 1985 . puns and jokes , in handbook of discourse analysis , vol . 3 : discourse and dialogue , ed . teun a . van dijk , 213-21 . london : academic press . tiersma , peter meijes , language - based humor in the marx brothers films , indiana university linguistics club . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dr . alex housen germanic languages dept . university of brussels ( vub ) pleinlaan 2 , 1050 brussels , belgium tel : + 32 - 2-6292664 ; fax : + 32 - 2-6292480 ; e - mail : ahousen @ vnet3 . vub . ac . be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",0
  1495,""""Subject: sum : syntax texts
   
   content - length : 3080 a little over a week ago , i posted a query to linguist asking for suggestions for a textbook for an undergraduate course in syntax . i would like to thank the following people for their kind replies : robert beard , philip carpenter , kevin b cohen , brian lindsey , alan munn , helene ossipov , john phillips , and robin sackmann . i also received replies from several people asking about my reluctance to deal with cambridge university press , and several others asking why i have decided not to use napoli 's * syntax * again . i have replied to both of these groups privately . the query about syntax texts was worded in such a way as to eliminate napoli and radford from consideration . with that limitation imposed , haegemann 's * introduction to government and binding theory * was recommended by three people . none of the other books was mentioned more than once . however , some of these single mentions were most useful for me because they brought to my attention works that i had not heard of before or ones that i might not have considered otherwise . the complete list is given below . my thanks again to all who responded . steve seegmiller linguistics department montlciar state university ( seegmiller @ apollo . montclair . edu ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - charles bird and timothy shopen , article on maninka in timothy shopen ( ed . ) languages and their speakers ( or . . . status ) . university of pennsylvania press . keith brown & jim miller , syntax - a linguistic introduction to sentence structure . harper collins academic , 2nd ed . 1991 . vivian cook , chomsky 's universal grammar , 2nd ed . blackwell 's 1996 . elizabeth cowper , concise intro to syntactic theory . liliane haegemann , an introduction to government and binding theory , 2nd ed . blackwell 's lieb , hans - heinrich : integrational linguistics . in : jacobs , j . , et . al ( eds . ) : syntax . an international handbook of contemporary research . berlin ; new york : de gruyter , 1993 . lieb , hans - heinrich : integrational linguistics . in : lieb , hans - heinrich ( ed . ) : prospects for a new structuralism . ( = current issues in linguistic theory [ cilt ] , 96 ) . amsterdam ; philadelphia : benjamins , 1992 . ronald wardhaugh , understanding english grammar : a linguistic aproach . blackwell 1995 . gert webelhuth ( ed . ) , government binding theory and the minimalist program .
  """",0
  1496,""""Subject: icl 1995 , seoul : 3rd and final announcement , and program
   
   1995 international conference on linguistics marking the 20 anniversary of the foundation of the linguistic society of korea july 3 - 7 , 1995 paiknam music hall , hanyang university seoul , korea organized by the linguistic society of korea invited speakers jeanette k . gundel ( usa , university of minnesota ) roland r . hausser ( germany , universit = 84t n = 81rnberg - erlangen ) paul kiparsky ( usa , stanford university ) ivan sag ( usa , stanford university ) joseph p . stemberger ( usa , university of minnesota ) dong - whee yang ( korea ) program schedule monday , july 3 , 1995 09 : 00 - registration 10 : 00 - opening ceremony 10 : 50 - break 11 : 00 - session 1 : kiparsky 1 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 2 : hausser 1 14 : 40 - break 14 : 50 - session 3 : sag 1 16 : 10 - break 16 : 20 - session 4 : yang 1 tuesday , july 4 , 1995 09 : 30 - session 5 : sag 2 10 : 50 - break 11 : 00 - session 6 : yang 2 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 7 : stemberger 1 14 : 40 - break 14 : 50 - session 8 : kiparsky 2 16 : 10 - break 16 : 20 - session 9 : gundel 1 wednesday , july 5 , 1995 09 : 30 - session 10 : hausser 2 10 : 50 - break 11 : 00 - session 11 : gundel 2 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 12 : stemberger 2 14 : 40 - break 14 : 50 - paper presentation 1 16 : 10 - break 16 : 20 - paper presentation 2 thursday , july 6 , 1995 09 : 30 - session 13 : yang 3 10 : 50 - break 11 : 00 - session 14 : hausser 3 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 15 : kiparsky 3 14 : 40 - break 14 : 50 - panel discussion on korean linguistics 16 : 10 - break 16 : 20 - panel discussion on korean linguistics ( continued ) friday , july 7 , 1995 09 : 30 - session 16 : gundel 3 10 : 50 - break 11 : 00 - session 17 : stemberger 3 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 18 : sag 3 14 : 40 - break 14 : 50 - paper presentation 3 16 : 10 - break 16 : 20 - paper presentation 4 18 : 00 - reception lecture titles jeanette k . gundel 1 . cognitive status and linguistic form . i . reference and the givenness hierarchy 2 . cognitive status and linguistic form . ii . a cross - linguistic study of referring expressions 3 . cognitive status and linguistic form . iii . syntax and topic - comment structure roland r . hausser database semantics for the interpretation of natural language 1 . slim theory of language : building a robot that can communicate in natural language 2 . theoretical foundations : comparing different types of semantics , their syntax and their complexity 3 . computational implementation : semantic and pragmatic interpretation of natural language in an extended database paul kiparsky 1 . variation and optimality theory : quantitative effects of categorial constraints 2 . markedness and linguistic hierarchies 3 . exploring typological space : harmony systems ivan sag 1 . head - driven phrase structure grammar : a tutorial overview of current theory 2 . issues in french and universal grammar 3 . extraction without transformations or traces joseph p . stemberger optimality theory and phonological development 1 . basic issues of optimality theory 2 . syllables and feet in phonological development 3 . segmental development dong - whee yang 1 . recent developments in the minimalist program : the attract - f theory 2 . motivations and prospects of the attract - f theory 3 . the korean case structure in the attract - f theory panel discussion on korean linguistics subject linguistics in north korea : its background and current trend paper presentation : kwang chung ( korea univ . ) ha - soo kim ( yonsei univ . ) min - su kim ( korea univ . ) hyon - sook shin ( sang myung women 's univ . ) jae - kee shim ( seoul national univ . ) registration anyone who wants to participate in the conference is suggested to send a registration form containing one 's name in full , affiliation , address , phone number ( office / home ) , one ' s status ( regular member , student , or non-member ) . if the reader has korean name , namely in """""""" hangeul """""""" , he or she is required to include his or her korean name . on - site registration is also possible . = 20 tae - ok kim president , professor of english and linguistics the linguistic society of korea dept . of english , sogang university young - seok kim secretary general , professor of english and linguistics the linguistic society of korea dept . of english , sogang university the linguistic society of korea phone : + 82 2 706 5526 c / o department of english fax : + 82 2 705 8291 sogang university email : ktaeok @ ccs . sogang . ac . kr seoul , 121-742 , south korea
  """",0
  1497,""""Subject: feminine he
   
   feminine he ouch ! no doubt about it , pronouns and gender are touchy topics . robert millar ( in metaphorically slapping me around a little in the ad hominem mode ) makes some good points but mistakes my focus a bit , misspeaks my findings somewhat , and misstates the fuller design of my position a lot . his linguistic list vol-6 - 835 ( 22 jun 1995 ) responds to my vol-6 - 806 ( 12 jun 1995 ) . i don ' t mean to say that , as robert millar attributes , """""""" 's he ' entered english as a whole suddenly at the advent of printing """""""" - - puhleeeze . i do mean to say that the h - stem feminine suddenly , after printing begins , disappears forever from the written record . my broader conclusion is that the h - stem feminine was alive for centuries beyond the oed 's orthodox-view account of its purported demise . i don ' t discount the sh - forms during the periods when and in the regions where they are amply attested . far be it . i do , however , maintain that the """""""" significant """""""" cause , in the overview , for the disappearance of the h - stem feminine was , not that it began to resemble phonetically the masculine , but rather the standardizing force of printing ( the motive for this is a separate question ) . and , too , there is the telling evidence that spoken pronoun use is often quite different from written . and i am suggesting that some of the oe h - stems survived in speech beyond printing 's seeming signal of their demise . the late survival of the h - stem feminine has the implication for socio / political linguistics that 18th century grammarians , regarded during these past decades as androcentric ( for having written down the """""""" he rule """""""" ) must be admitted to not have been so - - """""""" he """""""" is the principal thrust of the androcentric argument , right ? i am tempted to apologize for my insensitivity to other people 's faculty for correctness . in this case , it resulted in robert millar suffering mood swings - - feelings he shared with us - - his sorrow , his anger , regarding my position . my intention was not to academically abuse or linguistically victimize anybody . but despite his mood swings , we may all nonetheless benefit from his hot flashes of insight appropriate to his rejoinder to my native morphology of singular """""""" they """""""" hypothesis . but i will not continue the """""""" they """""""" discussion here , however , so 's not to detract from the late survival of the h - stem feminine presently under discussion , and indeed much more the hot topic . robert millar says that he suspects that i only have a slight understanding of dialect diversity , and that my discussing material from _ piers plowman _ and _ ayenbite of inwyt _ is a way to """""""" circumvent . . . lalme , mcintosh and samuels . """""""" first i would suggest that he provide fuller citations , this for the benefit of those on the list who concentrate in other areas of linguistics than this subject ; and second i would like to make available to him and anybody else some of my charts resulting from my indexing and sorting all the citations for all the forms for all the third person pronouns in the oed . m . l . samuals , """""""" dialects and grammar , """""""" in _ a companion to piers plowman _ ( ed . , john a . alfred , 1988 ) , specifically identifies by dialect nine of the seventeen manuscripts of the a - version of _ piers plowman _ . these are the ones that had already been identified in kane - donaldson , 1960 ( _ piers plowman , the a - version _ , george kane ) , after generations of effort . the book is a momentous compendium that in my thinking was conceived with the intention of making work such as mine possible . i use the seventeen manuscripts of the a - version of _ piers _ as the mainstay of my argument . samuals is unable to identify the dialects in nearly half the manuscripts of piers . i specifically focus on _ piers _ because it is a manageable corpus that anyone can go and check for themselves . _ piers _ is a great source for studying diverse forms because the forms are all variations on the same text . where can one find such a wealth of data for comparative analysis ? and piers can also be considered the first highly """""""" popular """""""" work in medieval english , and for this reason , the scribes , in copying the work for their intended audiences , would tend to avoid esoteric , literary , and archaic forms . the """""""" cult of auctoritas """""""" is the conservative emulation of older forms by the copying scribe . robert millar alludes to this to explain the h - stem feminines found in manuscripts of _ piers _ . i have met with this criticism before . i will make available to anyone who wants them particular lines as found in all seventeen manuscripts , and rather than the conservation of forms , the contrary of the auctoritas principle seems to be found in _ piers _ , whereby the scribes , in copying from the original , tended to modify it to regional conventions . i am not saying that auctoritas was not in many instances of medieval scribal practice the rule . i ' m saying that looking at lines of _ piers _ , through the seventeen manuscripts , sees in them a tremendous diversity . and even so , the use of the h - stems in all the manuscripts - - assuming for the sake of argument they were not in colloquial use - - indicates that they were well known , nonetheless , does n't it ? robert millar reads between my lines that i consider the anglo - normans as """""""" wicked . """""""" not so . chronocentrism in the reading of history is as inimical to reason and human understanding as is ethnocentrism in the reading of culture . he holds to the orthodox view and says that """""""" the rising london standard spread much more rapidly than it ever would have done in an age of purely manuscript culture . """""""" but would n't the london """""""" standard """""""" better be called the status dialect . it is mistaken to assume that writing , before and after printing , reflected how people generally used language day-to - day . most people talk like _ i love lucy _ and _ the honeymooners _ , not like _ the new york times _ . today , for example , the indefinite / proverbial """""""" he """""""" is primarily a written status form ; the singular """""""" they """""""" a spoken form . i think it is very safe to assume that then , just as now , there is a common english and a status english within a particular regional dialect . it is on the basis of this assumption , coupled with evidence for the widespread knowledge of the h - stem feminine in the generations before printing , that i am postulating the late survival of the h - stem feminine . anybody who would like to have my charts showing the """""""" persistence """""""" of all the feminine and masculine h - stem forms from the 11th century on , comparative exhibits of lines through the seventeen manuscripts of _ piers _ , pronoun paradigms from the same manuscripts , and perhaps a few other items - - they are available for a dollar copy charge and two stamps for usa . jeffrey weber , 2843 n . spaulding ave . , chicago , illinois , 60618 , usa . this current transmission is more an aside than the summary that will be forthcoming . i have received an excellent critique from wittysan ( sean ) , which he sent also to robert millar , and would be happy for the asking to share it and my response as this inquiry continues .
  """",0
  1498,""""Subject: bangani
   
   i am looking for any information and / or bibliographical references on an indian language called bangani . this language apparently has preserved some remarkable archaisms , and would appear from the available data in fact not to be an indo - aryan language . the only information i know of on the language appears in two articles by claus peter zoller in mss 49 and 50 , 1988 and 1989 . daniel baum the hebrew university of jerusalem jerusalem israel dmbaum @ shani . net
  """",0
  1499,""""Subject: obligatory clitic doubling
   
   hello , does anybody happen to know of languages ( other than albanian and macedonian ) which display obligatory clitic doubling of ( either accusative or dative ) dps ? any reference will be appreciated . please , write to me directly at : dalina . kallulli @ avh . unit . no thank you ! dalina kallulli
  """",0
  1500,""""Subject: date formats
   
   hello , this is a query about the different ways in which dates can be expressed in different languages , and whether there are constraints that apply in relation to register ( eg formal , informal , etc ) , genre ( magazine , newspaper , personal vs business letter , etc ) , historical , instrumental ( format of calendars ) , nationality , etc . my initial impressions are the following . as far the english speaking world goes , in britain there is a variety of ways in which dates can be expressed in writing , including day month year ; day-ordinal month year ; month day , year ; month day-ordinal , year . interestingly , this variety is not found in numerical form , in which ` day / month / year ' is expected . note that the separators vary , the most common being the slash ( / ) , others being the dash ( - ) , the period ( . ) and the blank space ( ) . in the other formats in which words are used , only the ` month ' slot can be spelled out , with days and years being expressed in numbers . variations include the use of ` the ' preceding ordinal day numbers . sometimes one can find different formats being used in different parts of the same publication , eg the header and the report in a newspaper . this seems to be in contrast with the usa where ` month day , year ' seems to predominate whatever the situation , even when expressed numerically as in 1 / 7 / 95 which is normally read by americans as the seventh day of the month of january , whereas the british would take it to mean the first day of the month of july , which is a 6 - month difference . apparently , the americans are the only ones to adopt month / day / year . someone once told me this is an old format which came into being as a result of the fact that , in looking for today 's date , one would look in a calendar first of all for the current month , with the year being taken for granted . any ideas ? what 's the norm in other languages / dialects , etc ? thanks in advance , tony - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tony berber sardinha | tony1 @ liverpool . ac . uk aelsu | fax 44-51 - 794-2739 university of liverpool | po box 147 | http : / / www . liv . ac . uk / liverpool l69 3bx | ~ tony1 / homepage . html uk | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  1501,""""Subject: summary : negated questions and exclamations
   
   about two weeks ago , i posted a query on two subjects : i was looking for languages ( 1 ) which can or , on the contrary , cannot use negated interrogatives like """""""" look , over there - is n't that john ? """""""" in order to express a positive expectation , and ( 2 ) which have negated wh-exclamations like german : """""""" was du nicht alles weisst ! """""""" ( lit . : ' what you do n't know all ! ' ) or serbocroatian """""""" sta nije sve doziveo ! """""""" ( lit . : ' what he did n't all live through ! ' ) , that refer to the positive , not the negative fact . first of all , i wish to thank the following colleagues for their contributions : suzanne albrecht ( sanabria @ zedat . fu-berlin . de ) gisle andersen ( henga @ alf . uib . no ) birgitta englund dimitrova ( birgitta . englund @ tolk . su . se ) frederik fouvry ( fouvry @ llsun4 . essex . ac . uk ) keith goeringer ( keg @ violet . berkeley . edu ) michael israel ( israel @ ling . ucsd . edu ) dalina kallulli ( dalina . kallulli @ avh . unit . no ) jussi karlgren ( jussi @ sics . se ) e . h . klein - v . d . laaken ( klein @ let . rug . nl ) james kirchner ( jpkirchner @ aol . com ) randy lapolla ( hslapolla @ ccvax . sinica . edu . tw ) pierre larrivee ( aaa552 @ agora . ulaval . ca ) bert peeters ( bert . peeters @ modlang . utas . edu . au ) francisco raga ( raga @ vents . uji . es ) alexandr rosen ( alexandr . rosen @ ff . cuni . cz ) cristina sanz ( sanzc @ gusun . acc . georgetown . edu ) karen stanley ( karen _ stanley @ cpcc . cc . nc . us ) jan vorster ( vorsterj @ mtb . und . ac . za ) ton van der wouden ( vdwouden @ let . rug . nl ) deborah yeager ( kyeager @ prism . nmt . edu ) ning zhang ( zning @ epas . utoronto . ca ) the languages i received information about were : afrikaans , albanian , catalan , chinese , czech , english , dutch , norwegean , spanish , swedish , yucatec maya . no additional languages have been named where the use of negated questions like """""""" look , over there - is n't that john ? """""""" was not possible ; so apache and navajo are still the only examples i have found so far . . as to the negated wh-exclamations , what is most interesting is that they do exist in languages where the native speakers i had asked so far had been convinced that they do not . examples for this are english and spanish , cf . : what i did n't do to get that report finished on time ! ( karen stanley ) cuanto no tendre que sufrir hasta conseguirlo ! ( cristina sanz ) this type of construction can obviously be found in much more languages than i had assumed . in some of them , it seems to be old fashened and not very wide spread , but it still exists as such . ( if anybody now comes to think of one more language that allows that type of utterance - i am still collecting , and i ' m grateful for any help i can get ! ) as to the question of why and how these negated questions and wh-exclamations work : i am dealing with it in paper of mine ( to be published ) , and i ' ll be glad to mail it to anybody who is interested , but i ' m afraid it 's in german . thanks once again to all who helped , and please feel free to contact me if you have any questions . elke hentschel
  """",0
  1502,""""Subject: book reviewers wanted .
   
   natural language engineering is a new cambridge university press journal which seems destined to become the leading journal in the field of practical applications of natural language processing . the journal requires additional book reviewers , to write short ( approximately 2 000 word ) reviews of books on a wide range of topics related to natural language engineering . reviewers get to keep the book they have reviewed . if you are interested , please mail a short statement of why you think you are a suitable person to undertake this task to john . tait @ sunderland . ac . uk . please include your email address and steam mail address ( so we can send you the books ) . we are especially interested to hear from graduate students ( as well as more established figures in the field ) . we will reply to confirm whether or not you have been added to our panel of reviewers . the panel is circulated periodically with lists books we have been sent for review . alternatively panel members may propose books they wish to review , which we will attempt to obtain from publishers . i look forward to hearing from you . more information about the journal may be fould on the web at url : http : / / www . cup . cam . ac . uk / journals / jnlscat95 / nle . html dr . john i . tait university of sunderland school of computing and information systems priestman building green terrace sunderland sr1 3sd u . k . tel : + 44-191 - 515 2712 fax : + 44-191 - 515-2781 email : john . tait @ sunderland . ac . uk
  """",0
  1503,""""Subject: pragmatic checking and anaphor resolution
   
   in an article by marslen - wilson , levy , and tyler ( 1982 ) """""""" producing interpretable discourse : the establishment and maintenance of reference """""""" they discuss the role of inference or """""""" pragmatic checking """""""" in the process of anaphor resolution . briefly , anaphoric resolution results from checking the information predicated of the anaphor with the local or preceding discourse and thereby inferring the intended referent . could anyone steer me in the direction of other research which pursues a similar line of argument ? thank you very much . - richard cameron
  """",0
  1504,""""Subject: typos in fromkin and rodman textbook
   
   this is a query to find out if anyone has a list of the typos that are in an early printing of the fifth edition to the fromkin and rodman textbook """""""" an introduction to language """""""" . i am using the text in an introductory class . while my copy of the book is fine , many of the students bought used versions that have a number of typos in the data sets . so , i was hoping that someone had a list of those typos ( or knew where i could get one ) , so that i can tell the students who have those defective copies . please send any answers to the following address : robinq @ ccwf . cc . utexas . edu thanks robin queen
  """",0
  1505,""""Subject: e-mail address
   
   i am looking for ian maddieson 's e-mail address . two of the lists i check do n't list it ; when i send mail to the one address i did find ( idu0ion @ csma . berkeley . edu ) , it gets bounced back .
  """",0
  1506,""""Subject: nonreferential np 's in english
   
   in a number of lgs ( roviana and yup ' ik eskimo being the two in which i have encountered this ) , nonreferential np 's are phonologically and / or morphologically / syntactically incorporated into the vrb / verb phrase / verb group . are there any similar structural clues which could be used to identify nonreferential np 's in english ? my interest is in identifying nonreferential np 's in written english so that a computer natural lg processing system would know not to set up referents for them to serve as antecedents for subsequent anaphora resolution . compounds ( e . g . duck-shooting season ) can i suppose be treated superficially as single words , but what about things like ' lose faith in ' , ' catch sight of ' . of course , some criteria will involve larger discourse issues , but it may be that it is possible to identify at least some nonreferential np 's """""""" cheaply """""""" , i . e . just by looking within a clause and / or considering inherent lexical semantics . i will summarize and post any replies to this list . regards , simon corston .
  """",0
  1507,""""Subject: burmese
   
   burmese pronunciation could somebody inform me what the burmese pronunciation of the name myanmar is ? helge sandoy , university of bergen e-mail : helge . sandoy @ nor . uib . no
  """",0
  1508,""""Subject: biographies of linguists
   
   dear colleagues ! i compile a biographical database about linguists . unfortunately i do n't know birth data , full names and countries of he following persons dealing with lexicography and semantics : ( webster ( * robert agricola e . ) [ erhard ] ( germany ) bach e . ) [ emmon ] ( usa ) bellert i . ) [ irena ] ( poland - canada ) be = 08 = b1nak h . ) [ henri ] ( france ? ) bendix e . ) broz = 08 = 96 l . ) ( czechia ? ) wehrle ? ) ( germany ) vint = 08 = d0eler o . ) [ onufrie ] ( rumania ) jones k . s . ) [ k . spark ] ( uk ) dubois j . ) [ jean ] ( france ) zawadowski leon ) ) poland ) josselson h . ) [ harry h . ] ( usa ? ) casalis d . ) casalis j . ) katz j . j . ) [ jerrold j . ] ( usa ) kay m . ) ( uk ) klimonov d . ) ( germany ) cliff n . ) coyaud m . ) [ maurice ] kuchar = 08 = 96 j . ) ( czechia ? ) lagane r . ) ( france ) lounsbury f . g . ) [ floyd g . ] ( usa ) levy n . ) lindekens r . ) leech g . n . ) [ geoffrey n . ] ( uk ) loriche r . ) makris j . ) [ james ] mantchev k . ) masterman m . ) ( uk ) matthiot m . ) [ madeleine ] niobey g . ) parker - rhodes a . f . ) [ arthur frederick ] peltzer k . ) rey - debove j . ) [ josette ] ( france ) reum a . ) [ albrecht ] ross b . ) rudskoger a . ) staal t . f . ) wilks y . ) [ yorick ] ( uk ) = 46lavell j . h . ) [ john h . ] = 46lavell eleanor r . ) = 46oote i . p . ) heller l . g . ) hiz = 08 = 9a h . ) [ henry ] schenkel w . ) ( gemany ) o ~ im h . ) [ haldur ] ( estonia ) edmundson h . p . ) o = 08 = ffhmann s . ) epstein m . n . ) blinkenberg a . ) [ andreas peter damsgaard ] ( 1893 - ? ) morris ch . w . ) [ charles william ] ( b . 1901 - ? ) stern g . ) [ gustav ] ( 1882 - ? ) = 46ilipec j . ) [ josef ] ( = fd . 1915 - ? ) is it possible to learn some more information about these persons ? who can help me ? ursula doleschal&sergej krylov ( ursula . doleschal @ wu-wien . ac . at ) institut f . slawische sprachen , wirtschaftsuniv . wien augasse 9 , 1090 wien , austria tel . : + + 43 - 1-31336 4115 , fax : + + 43 - 1-31336 744
  """",0
  1509,""""Subject: icl 1995 : program
   
   dear colleagues , 3rd and final announcement and program - - - - - - - - - - - please post ! = 1995 international conference on linguistics marking the 20 anniversary of the foundation of the linguistic society of korea july 3 - 7 , 1995 paiknam music hall , hanyang university seoul , korea organized by the linguistic society of korea invited speakers : jeanette k . gundel ( usa , university of minnesota ) roland r . hausser ( germany , universit = 84t n = 81rnberg - erlangen ) paul kiparsky ( usa , stanford university ) ivan sag ( usa , stanford university ) joseph p . stemberger ( usa , university of minnesota ) dong - whee yang ( korea ) schedule monday , july 3 , 1995 09 : 00 - registration 10 : 00 - opening ceremony 11 : 00 - session 1 : kiparsky 1 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 2 : hausser 1 14 : 50 - session 3 : sag 1 16 : 20 - session 4 : yang 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tuesday , july 4 , 1995 09 : 30 - session 5 : sag 2 11 : 00 - session 6 : yang 2 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 7 : stemberger 1 14 : 50 - session 8 : kiparsky 2 16 : 20 - session 9 : gundel 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - wednesday , july 5 , 1995 09 : 30 - session 10 : hausser 2 11 : 00 - session 11 : gundel 2 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 12 : stemberger 2 14 : 50 - paper presentation 1 16 : 20 - paper presentation 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - thursday , july 6 , 1995 09 : 30 - session 13 : yang 3 11 : 00 - session 14 : hausser 3 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 15 : kiparsky 3 14 : 50 - panel discussion on korean linguistics 16 : 20 - panel discussion on korean linguistics ( continued ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - friday , july 7 , 1995 09 : 30 - session 16 : gundel 3 11 : 00 - session 17 : stemberger 3 12 : 20 - lunch 13 : 20 - session 18 : sag 3 14 : 50 - paper presentation 3 16 : 20 - paper presentation 4 18 : 00 - reception lecture titles jeanette k . gundel 1 . cognitive status and linguistic form . i . reference and the givenness hierarchy 2 . cognitive status and linguistic form . ii . a cross - linguistic study of referring expressions 3 . cognitive status and linguistic form . iii . syntax and topic - comment structure roland r . hausser database semantics for the interpretation of natural language 1 . slim theory of language : building a robot that can communicate in natural language 2 . theoretical foundations : comparing different types of semantics , their syntax and their complexity 3 . computational implementation : semantic and pragmatic interpretation of natural language in an extended database paul kiparsky 1 . variation and optimality theory : quantitative effects of categorial constraints 2 . markedness and linguistic hierarchies 3 . exploring typological space : harmony systems ivan sag 1 . head - driven phrase structure grammar : a tutorial overview of current theory 2 . issues in french and universal grammar 3 . extraction without transformations or traces joseph p . stemberger optimality theory and phonological development 1 . basic issues of optimality theory 2 . syllables and feet in phonological development 3 . segmental development dong - whee yang 1 . recent developments in the minimalist program : the attract - f theory 2 . motivations and prospects of the attract - f theory 3 . the korean case structure in the attract - f theory panel discussion on korean linguistics paper presentation : kwang chung ( korea univ . ) ha - soo kim ( yonsei univ . ) min - su kim ( korea univ . ) hyon - sook shin ( sang myung women 's univ . ) jae - kee shim ( seoul national univ . ) tae - ok kim president professor of english and linguistics the linguistic society of korea dept . of english , sogang university young - seok kim secretary general professor of english and linguistics the linguistic society of korea dept . of english , sogang university the linguistic society of korea phone : + 82 2 706 5526 c / o department of english fax : + 82 2 705 8291 sogang university email : ktaeok @ ccs . sogang . ac . kr seoul , 121-742 , south korea
  """",0
  1510,""""Subject: update , ausschreibung professur allgemeine sprachwissenschaft
   
   hinweise zur bewerbung auf eine c4 - professur fuer allgemeine sprachwissenschaft an der universitaet heidelberg : die ausschreibung ist erschienen in """""""" ausschreibungsdienst des deutschen hochschulverbandes """""""" , ausgabe 3 - i vom 12 . januar 1995 , rheinallee 18 , d-53173 bonn , telefon + 49 228 36 40 02 , fax + 49 228 35 34 03 . einsendeschluss fuer bewerbungen ist der 22 . februar 1995 . hier ein paar hinweise zur bewerbung auf eine c - 4 professur in deutschland : die bewerbung muss enthalten - ein anschreiben an den dekan der neuphilologischen fakultdt der universitaet heidelberg , hauptstrasse 120 , d-69117 heidelberg , dass man sich um die stelle bewirbt , - ein tabellarischer lebenslauf , enthaltend schulische und universitaere ausbildung , berufliche laufbahn , sprachkenntnisse , evtl . auszeichnungen und wichtige private verhaeltnisse wir heirat , kinder , - eine liste der veroeffentlichungen , - eine liste der gehaltenen lehrveranstaltungen . man kann beliebiges hinzufuegen , wenn es fuer eine gute praesentation geeignet erscheint . auch die aeussere form ist nicht direkt geregelt . offprints der schriften braucht man noch nicht einzusenden . man wird dazu eingeladen , wenn man in die engere auswahl kommt . noch ein hinweis zu qualifikation : in deutschland ist fuer diese stelle die habilitation eine voraussetzung ( d . i . ein spezieller akademischer grad zusaetzlich zur promotion ) . von auslaendern werden gleichwertige qualifikationen erwartet , d . h . in der regel , dass man schon professor sein muss , wenn man sich um diese stelle bewirbt .
  """",0
  1511,""""Subject: summary of responses to query on tok masta ( ft of new guinea )
   
   almost two months ago i posted the following query to the list : > i am posting this for a fellow student who is not on the list . > she seeks references of sources of the so-called """""""" tok masta """""""" , the foreigner > talk of europeans on new guinea ( probably , i guess , involved in the genesis > of , but still to be kept apart from , tok pisin ) . > > she would be especially interested in where to get actual examples of tok > masta . so far her main source - not containing examples - is an article by > peter muelhaeusler ( 1981 ) """""""" foreigner talk : tok masta in new guinea """""""" in > ' international journal of sociology of language - 28 """""""" , pp . 93-113 . we did get some responses to the query , but eventually my friend had to postpone the project to a not-too - near future . it seems then , that there won't be any further information to add to what we have got here , but i guess what we have here might be of interest to others : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - august cluver < cluve @ alpha . unisa . ac . za > writes : > our departmental database on the sociology of language ( 750 > pages ) shows up only the article by muehlhaesler that you > have if we search under """""""" tok masta """""""" . he has published > widely on tok pisin and probably refers to this variety in his > other publications . > > the phenomenon that your friend is analysing occurs also in > kiswahili ( if i remember correctly ) and the following source > may provide some comparative material : > * > vitale , a . j . 1980 """""""" kisetla : linguistic and sociolinguistic > aspects of a pidgin swahili of kenya . """""""" in : anthropological > linguistics 22 , 2 : 47-65 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > from david ganelin < ganelin @ netcom . com > we got : > ronald wardhaugh has a few references to tok pisin and tok masta in his > _ an introduction to sociolinguistics _ ( second edition ) , blackwell , > oxford , england and cambridge , massachusetts ( 1992 ) . also , he refers to > an article by e . wolfers ( """""""" a report on neo - melanesian """""""" ) in d . h . hymes > ( ed . ) _ pidginization and creolization of languages _ , cambridge university > press ( 1971 ) . hope this helps . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - b . robert helm < bhelm @ cs . uoregon . edu > writes : > there was some discussion of tok masta in : > > s . a . wurm , p . muehlhaeusler . _ handbook of tok pisin ( new guinea > pidgin ) _ . canberra , a . c . t . , australia : dept . of linguistics , > research school of pacific studies , australian national university , > 1985 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - jan tent < tent _ j @ usp . ac . fj > suggested that : > you might get some help from prof . john lynch who used to be the > professor of linguistics at upng . he 's not on the linguist list , so send > him your original e-mail to this address : > > lynch @ vanuatu @ usp . ac . fj > > tell him i gave you his e-mail address . > > you might also try jeff siegel at : > > jsiegel @ gara . une . oz . au > > hope these guys will be able to help you , if not they certainly will be > able to put you onto someone who will . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - elisabeth gordon < e . gordon @ csc . canterbury . ac . nz > : > i have a small booklet on pidgin english produced during the last war . on > the front page it says : ' this language is used in conversation with natives , > asiatics , and german white misionaries . ' i ' m not sure if it is what you > want , but if you would like i could photocopy it and send it to you . it was > written to help soldiers during the war . the booklet itself is now very > fragile . i use it in my sociolinguistics classes here to show early > attitudes both to the language and those who spoke it . > e . g . some general advice - ' do n't interfere with village pigs . this would be > nearly as bad as interfering with the women . ' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - < karlcc _ franklin @ sil . org > : > muelhaeusler , whom your student refers to , and wurm have edited a """""""" handbook > of tok pisin ( new guinea pidgin ) published by pacific linguistics , c-70 , 1985 . > muelhaeusler claims ( p . 236 ) that tok masa is """""""" a fourth variety [ of tp , after > bush , rural and urban ] used by many expatriates . . . """""""" and that it """""""" is the name > given by papua new guineans to the domestic jargon used by the majority of > expatriates in dealing with their indigenous employees or servants """""""" ( 241 ) . > elsewhere ( 286 ) he claims that tok masta """""""" seems to be of quite recent origin """""""" > and was tied to the self-awareness preceding independence . > > i worked in png with sil from 1958 until 1990 and have studied and > worked on pidgin . i think that the term tok masta contrasts with tok boi , the > former referring to the whites and the latter to the pngs , but both used in a > derogatory or condesending sense . baorchardt ( 1926 ) refers to tok - boi as """""""" a > kanaka language """""""" but it was traditionally male , hence the term """""""" boi """""""" , just as > tok masta was mainly """""""" male """""""" , in that expatariate females are """""""" misis """""""" . > > muelhaeusler 's four sociolects of tp do not show up in the folk > classification of the pidgin speakers . for example there is no equivalent of > """""""" rural pidgin """""""" in tp , whereas one can speak of urban pidgin as """""""" su sok """""""" pidgin > or even """""""" taun pidgin """""""" . the generic term """""""" tok pidgin """""""" can refer to almost any > variety . mead ( in asia 31 , 1931 ) also discusses """""""" tok boi """""""" , which i see somewhat > the opposite of """""""" tok masta """""""" . > > m discusses mixed varieties of tp , which tm certainly was ( or is ) , bau t > this includes mixing tp with the vernacular , as is commonly done now . this is > called """""""" hap toktok """""""" . > > m says that tm was for a long time called """""""" tok vaitman """""""" by pngs ( 467 , he > says until the mid 1920 - s ) but the spelling suggests tok siaman ( german > influence ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - paul gracie < keo @ pixi . com > ( keo sananikone ) sent : > i did a literature review on foreigner talk two years ago > ( for a chapter in my dissertation on ft in malaysia ) and my impression is > that the muelhaeusler article you mention is a ' one of a kind ' . there may > be resources at anu which could be used for further work on a historical > register of ft in png , but if it is like historical pidgin english sources > here in hawai ' i , your friend would have to go to canberra and spend time > digging for it . i was very interested in the tok masta article too but > almost all work with ft in linguistics defines the foreigner role as > immigrant student ( in the u . s . , canada , and australia ) or immigrant worker > ' auslandischer arbeiter ' ( ? ) ( in northern europe ) . > > if your friend is determined to pursue tok masta , she > might consider writing to suzanne romaine ( merton college , university of > oxford , oxford ox1 4jd , england ) or peter m . ( anu ? ) directly . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - thanks again to everybody who responded , i hope this can be of some use to other people interested in that matter jakob ladefoged ( till app . 25 / 7 : < b940119 . @ alf . let . uva . nl > ) university of amsterdam the netherlands
  """",0
  1512,""""Subject: hansa workshop at 12ichl
   
   here are details supplied by ernst hakon jahr for one of the workshops to be held on friday 18th august 1995 . david denison twelfth international conference on historical linguistics , hulme hall , manchester , 13-18 august 1995 . please note new dialling codes and revised phone numbers at the university of manchester up to the time of the conference : + 44 ( 0 ) 161-275 3194 or 3042 ( phone ) + 44 ( 0 ) 161-275 3187 ( fax only ) conference e-mail address : ichl1995 @ man . ac . uk workshop the influence of the hansa and low german on european languages organizers : ernst hakon jahr ( tromso ) and laura wright ( hertfordshire ) scheduled papers : james milroy ( newcastle ) : internal vs external motivations for linguistic change : what does empirical sociolinguistics have to say about the distinction ? kurt braunmuller ( hamburg ) : communication strategies in the area of the hanseatic league : the approach by semicommunication . raymond hickey ( essen ) : trading with invaders : language contact in medieval ireland . anne haavaldsen ( bergen ) : trade and language from the ' german wharf ' in bergen - the runic evidence . harry perridon ( amsterdam ) : is the definite article in jutlandic a borrowing from german ? muriel norde ( amsterdam ) : grammaticalization vs reanalysis : the case of possessive construction in germanic .
  """",0
  1513,""""Subject: 
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ai review journal ai review journal ai review journal ai review journal ai rev * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * artificial intelligence review journal ( kluwer , the netherlands ) special volume on integration of natural language and vision processing 6 double-issues ai review ( 4 books in parallel ) journal : 1994 vol . 8 ( 2 - 3 ) : computational models 1995 vol . 8 ( 5 - 6 ) : more computational models vol . 9 ( 2 - 3 ) : intelligent multimedia vol . 9 ( 4 - 5 ) : theory ( to come ) grounding representations recent advances ( to come ) books : 1995 integration of natural language and vision processing ( vol . i ) : computational models integration of natural language and vision processing ( vol . ii ) : intelligent multimedia ( to come ) integration of natural language and vision processing ( vol . iii ) : theory and grounding representations integration of natural language and vision processing ( vol . iv ) : recent advances ( to come )
  """",0
  1514,""""Subject: forensic linguistics journal : subscription information
   
   forensic linguistics : the international journal of speech , language and the law published by routledge , london , uk e-mail addresses : for subscription enquiries and general info : info . journals @ routledge . com . uk to order sample copies by e-mail : sample . journals @ routledge . com . uk routledge journals catalogue on the www : http : / www . routledge . com / routledge . html editors : prof . malcolm coulthard , dr . peter french editorial board : sue blackwell ( reviews editor ) , angelika braun , jack chambers , tom davis , bethany dumas , diana eades , bruce fraser , john gibbons , michael gregory , allen hirson , harry hollien , robert kaplan , hannes kniffka , hermann ku """""""" nzel , william labov , peter ladefoged , judith levi , michael mansfield qc , francis nolan , tony sanford , roger shuy , kate storey . subscribe now ! volume 2 , issue 1 will be out shortly . to secure your copy , there are three ways to subscribe : 1 . individual subscription - iafl members members of the international association of forensic linguists get the journal included in their subscription , which is 30 pounds sterling , us $ 50 , aus $ 70 per year . this is a considerable saving on the standard subscription rate of 40 pounds / $ 65 . 2 . individual subscription - linguist list members members of the linguist list who do not want to join the iafl but wish to receive the journal , can subscribe at a special rate for this year : 35 pounds sterling , us $ 55 . 3 . library subscription rates are : ec library - 75 pounds sterling us library - $ 110 row library - 80 pounds sterling ask your library representative to subscribe . all subscribers can use the e-mail addresses at the top of this posting , or contact : paula massey , routledge subscriptions , itps ltd . , cheriton house , north way , andover , hants sp10 5be united kingdom . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * full tocs of past issues , and an electronic iafl application form , are available on the forensic-linguistics list . if you are not already a member , contact sue blackwell ( blackwellsa @ bham . ac . uk ) for details of how to subscribe to the list .
  """",0
  1515,""""Subject: dgfs summerschool ( august 28th - - september 1995 ) saarbruecken
   
   * * * note : early registration closes june 30th * * * * the fifth summer school of the german linguistic society ( deutsche gesellschaft fuer sprachwissenschaft ) will be held between august 28th and september 8th , 1995 at the university of saarland ( saarbruecken , germany ) . the topic is """""""" language : cognitive structures and processes """""""" . the programme will cover cognitive aspects of natural language in the areas of theoretical linguistics , computational linguistics , and psycholinguistics . * 18 courses in german and english language each course consisting of five 90 minute lectures as well as workshops , exercises , and demonstrations . * plenary lectures on """""""" language and cognition """""""" * evening lectures on the topic """""""" language : cognitive structures and processes """""""" . * there will be a social programme , including official reception in saarbruecken castle , a summer school party . . . programm ring - christopher habel ( koordination ) : sprache und vorlesung kognition a theoretical linguistics phonetics william barry : cognitive aspects of phonetics phonology richard wiese : einf """""""" uhrung in die optimalit """""""" atstheorie syntax hubert haider : invarianten der syntaktischen strukturierung michael herweg & tibor kiss : theoretische und kognitive aspekte einer deklarativen grammatikanalyse des deutschen . prinzipien und schemata der hpsg semantics leonard talmy : how language structures concepts gilles fauconnier : cognitive semantics hans kamp : einstellungen , einstellungsberichte und sprachliche kommunikation jeff pelletier : formal semantic issues surrounding generic statements lexicon dieter wunderlich : lexical decomposition grammar b psycholinguistics language barbara hemforth & gerhard strube : kognitives parsing comprehension simon garrod : language comprehension and how we track the thread of discourse speech thomas pechmann : sprachproduktion production language werner deutsch : das allgemeine und das spezielle im acquisition erstspracherwerb am beispiel der personreferenz lexicon etta drews & pienie zwitserlood : das mentale lexikon neuro - barbara h """""""" ohle & stephanie kelter : neurolinguistik : linguistics kognitive aphasieforschung c computational linguistics lexicon james pustejovsky : processes of lexically - based inference : co - composition and abduction processing hans uszkoreit : performanzmodellierung in der models computerlinguistik man - maschine wolfgang wahlster : prozessmodelle multimodaler communication kommunikation registration : fees : early registration ( before june 30th ) : students : dm 280 visiting scholars : dm 560 industrial participants : dm 1100 registration after june 30th students : dm 350 visiting scholars : dm 650 industrial participants : dm 1200 you may register from now on . we shall try to find low-priced accommodation ( applications will be dealt with on a first done , first served basis ) . information and registration : dgfs - sommerschule 1995 universitaet des saarlandes computerlinguistik , bau 17 . 2 d-66041 saarbruecken tel . : + 49 ( 681 ) 302-4444 ; fax . : + 49 ( 681 ) 302-4351 internet : dgfs @ coli . uni-sb . de local organization : manfred pinkal and claudia villiger this and further information is also available on worldwideweb : http : / / coli . uni-sb . de / info / dgfs /
  """",0
  1516,""""Subject: lexicographer
   
   us-pa - pittsburgh machine translation lexicographer , cmu lexicographer , machine translation applications the catalyst project at the center for machine translation , carnegie mellon university , is seeking a talented and energetic individual for the position of lexicographer . catalyst is a large-scale mt application for commercial document delivery in the domain of heavy machinery . the lexicographer is responsible for the following tasks : * implementation of lexicon refinement / enhancement / maintenance tasks , in support of source and target language lexicon development . the successful applicant must have the following qualifications : * m . a . in linguistics , m . s in computational linguistics or a related field * native or near-native fluency in english * experience developing knowledge sources for language software , preferably large-scale , multi-lingual lexicons for machine translation in technical domains * understanding of the principles of lexicography and terminology management , especially as they relate to semantic accuracy and translatability * demonstrated ability to proactively identify and quantify lexical issues that arise during development / refinement , with special attention paid to issues which span multiple knowledge sources ( e . g . , domain model , tl lexicons , etc . ) . skill and experience in these areas are preferred but not required : * fluency in any of french , spanish , german , italian , portuguese , russian * experience with manual translation in technical domains full - time salaried position , starting range : $ 27 , 000 to $ 30 , 000 usd occasional travel required contact : eric nyberg phone : ( 412 ) 268-7281 center for machine translation fax : ( 412 ) 268-6298 carnegie mellon university email : ehn + @ cs . cmu . edu pittsburgh , pa 15213 usa candidates should send a letter of application , a current vita , at least three letters of reference , and representative samples of their work . resumes , cover letters , etc . may be submitted via email , in ascii or postscript form . resumes may also be submitted by fax or regular mail , but email is preferred . letters of recommendation must be faxed or mailed . applicants from abroad may wish to consider express mail to ensure a timely submission .
  """",0
  1517,""""Subject: spanish evaluator
   
   us-pa - pittsburgh machine translation evaluator ( spanish ) , cmu ( part-time ) spanish evaluator , machine translation applications the catalyst project at the center for machine translation , carnegie mellon university , is seeking a talented and energetic individual for the position of spanish evaluator . catalyst is a large-scale mt application for commercial document delivery in the domain of heavy machinery . the spanish evaluator is responsible for the following tasks : * review spanish output of machine translation system * evaluate the quality of the text based on cmt 's evaluation criteria * troubleshoot the system by providing an error analysis * working with developers to identify the most important areas for improvement the successful applicant must have the following qualifications : * native or near-native fluency in spanish and english * experience communicating and working productively within a group * experience in human translation of technical documents to spanish the following skills are also desirable : * coursework in linguistics or computational linguistics * experience with machine translation software or other types of language processing software * fluency in one or more of french , german , portuguese , russian , italian part - time position , salary negotiable . contact : eric nyberg phone : ( 412 ) 268-7281 center for machine translation fax : ( 412 ) 268-6298 carnegie mellon university email : ehn + @ cs . cmu . edu pittsburgh , pa 15213 usa resumes and cover letters may be submitted via email , in ascii or postscript form . materials may also be submitted by fax , but email is preferred .
  """",0
  1518,""""Subject: research fellows at cityu , hk ( fwd )
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * research position department of chinese , translation and linguistics ( ctl ) city university of hong kong hong kong * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * research fellows associated with the department of chinese , translation and linguistics , city university of hong kong are anticipated to be available in the coming academic year . possible research areas include but are not limited to the following : computational linguistics experimental phonetics linguistic theory discourse analysis required background : applicants should have completed their ph . d . in linguistics or related discipline . research experience resulting in international publications is essential . salary : lecturer grades . determination of grade will depend on qualifications and relevant experience . period of appointment : 1 - 3 years . interested applicants should send a cv ( including the names of 3 referees ) along with a letter describing your background and research interests to : professor xu liejiong , head department of chinese , translation and linguistics city university of hong kong 83 tat chee avenue kowloon , hong kong email : ctmwong @ cityu . edu . hk fax : 852-2788 - 9520 note : initial submission by email is encouraged . more information about the city university of hong kong is available from the cityu home page on the world-wide web : http : / / www . cityu . edu . hk
  """",0
  1519,""""Subject: sum : representing retroflex
   
   summary : representing retroflex at the beginning of the month i posted a query that asked for information on an alternative way of representing retroflexed segments as dorsalized coronals instead of [ - anterior ] . warm thanks to those who responded : philip hamilton phamilto @ epas . utoronto . ca richard desrochers desrochr @ ere . umontreal . ca wechsler wechsler @ world . std . com suzanne urbanczyk suzanne @ oitunix . oit . umass . edu mark verhijde mark . verhyde @ let . ruu . nl stig eliasson stig . eliasson @ ling . uu . se here is a list of annotated references followed by contributors ' excerpts on the following topics : 1 . against dorsalization 2 . origins of coronal domination of retroflex : sanskrit evidence 3 . phonetic features of retroflex blevins 1994 . course notes from the 1994 australian linguistic institute . cho , y . 1990 . parameters of consonantal assimilation . phd thesis stanford about sanskrit retroflexed elements . the claim made here is that retroflexation equals the formation of segments that contain two place nodes , cor and dor , i . e . what some have defined as a """""""" complex """""""" place . interestingly , in assuming retroflexed segments as having two place nodes , some neutralization effects at right word edges fall out quite naturally . ( verhijde ) dixon no title given . 1980 . languages of australia assumes a feature [ + retroflex ] , as does hamilton 's 1993 toronto paper . eliasson , stig 1986 . sandhi in peninsular scandinavian . in : henning andersen ( ed . ) , sandhi phenomena in the languages of europe , 271-300 . berlin : mouton de gruyter . postalveolarization or retroflexion is a most important sandhi process in swedish and norwegian , and the major part of the above article is devoted to that problem . ( eliasson ) gnanadesikan , amalia no title given . nels 24 1993 . the feature geometry of coronal subplaces . university of massachusetts occasional papers in linguistics 1993 she argues against the feature [ anterior ] for defining coronals . i believe that retroflexes are represented as [ - distributed ] [ + back ] where [ back ] is dorsal . ( urbanczyk ) hamilton , philip 1993 . no title given escol 93 paper on coronal articulation 1993 . no title given toronto working papers in linguistics 1993 . keating , patricia 1991 . coronal places of articulation in the special status of coronals , paradis and prunet , eds . phonetic clues on coronal articulations prince & smolensky 1993 : 179 , citing kirchner 's university of maryland ma thesis . 1 . against dorsalization hamilton : i am currently working on a paper where i argue against dorsalisation more fully , based on a variety of evidence : retroflexes are transparent to + back vowel harmony ; all of the evidence for interaction between retroflexes and back vowels is from very low level phonetic facts ( there are no lexical alternations backing front vowels : / rti / going to [ rtu ] ) and there is never _ neutralisation _ of a lexical back / front contrast conditioned by retroflexes , all that is attested is that front vowels have backed allophones when beside a retroflex ; retroflexes are based represented with a feature dependent on an apical node , since the lack of heteroganic apical clusters may be elegantly expressed with an ocp constraint on adjacent apical nodes . 2 . origins of coronal domination of retroflex : sanskrit wechsler : the presently-orthodox account of retroflection being dominated by the coronal node receives a lot of its support from the sankrit """""""" rnati """""""" rule . in this rule , if i recall it correctly , n - > rn anywhere to the right of a retroflex consonant , but intervening non-nasal alveolars block the rule . this kind of interaction between retroflection and the coronal node appears in other places as well ; the one i ' ve studied is in warlpiri , where historically there was a rule that partially unretroflexed a retroflex stop unless it was closely followed by another retroflex . there are other reasons why you might want to avoid involvement with the dorsal tier - - all the vowels live there , and you would have to explain why they are transparent to assimilations involving anteriority . a 3 . phonetic origins desrocher : ladefoged ( 1974 [ 1971 ] : preliminaries . . . ) speaks of retroflexes ( rxs ) as apical postalveolar and gives the example of ewe . he adds : """""""" in some south asian languages the retroflex consonant involve only the tip of the tongue and the back of the alveolar ridge , whereas in others there is contact between a large part of the underside of the tongue tip and much of the forward part of the hard palate """""""" and elsewhere , he speaks of the """""""" extremely retroflex sounds which occur in some indo - aryan languages """""""" ( hindi , gujerati , penjabi , and so on , i guess ) and when characterizing everything with the spe features , describes rxs as [ - ant , + cor , + high , - back , - low , - dist ] . spe refers to zwicky ( 1965 , his dissert . ) as describing convincingly sanskrit s . as [ - ant ] ( actually , [ - comp ] ) and spe seems to favor the natural class apicals + rxs [ - dist ] as opposed to laminals + non - rxs [ + dist ] . they refer for these matters to ladefoged 1964 a phonetic study of w - afr languages , and maintain that distinction between dentals and rxs support a [ dist ] feature . malmberg ( 1974 , manuel de phonetique generale ) writes that rxs are produced with the tongue markedly curved backwards towards the hard palate , but his diagram , as ladefoged 's , indicates that this the very front of the palate , or the back of the ridge , that is touched by the apex , and mentions south - italians dialects and of course , india . hockett 1958 makes an interesting comment : he says that the same acoustical effect than in the rx in """""""" bird """""""" is achieved by some english speakers not by curling back the tip , but by a """""""" peculiar contour of the central part of the tongue , the tip being held behind the lowe teeth """""""" . further comments , corrections , and questions welcome - - beau
  """",0
  1520,""""Subject: summary : borrowing of body part terms
   
   many moons ago i posted a query regarding the borrowing of certain body part terms , notably , heart , eye , ear , and tongue , and never posted a summary ( tsk , tsk ) . here it is : first of all , i have been able to find , either through linguist or from other sources , clear examples of almost all the basic body part terms , including ' hand ' ( many iranian languages from persian , ossetic from chechen - ingush ) , ' heart ' ( polish from czech , many indo - aryan and iranian languages from persian , turkish from arabic ) , ' tongue ' ( a whole bunch of ethiopian languages ) , and so on . the one for which i have no completely clearly documented example is ' ear ' ( although there are cases of ' ear ' being replaced by a neologism from within the language itself ) . * * i am thus still looking for an example of borrowing involving the word for ' ear ' . * * a discussion of the whole question of borrowability of body part terms and its relation to language classification ( esp . with reference to the altaic question ) will appear in a paper by alexander vovin and me to appear next year in the zeitschrift der deutschen morgelandischen gesellschaft . finally , i would like to summarize the information provided by those who responded to my original query on linguist , to all of whom my deepest thanks : shirley silver ( silver @ sonoma . edu ) reported that mary haas , having reconstructed proto - hokan ' ear ' ( and ' navel ' ) noted that one could find or reconstruct similar forms in other language families ( penutian , yuki , and the algic languages wiyot & yurok ) , which would seem to suggest borrowing . this is the closest i have come so far to a borrowed ' ear ' . benjamin moore ( ben @ edr5r . edr . co . jp ) reports that in modern japanese , the term for animal tongue used as food is ' tan ' a borrowing of english ' tongue . ' david costa ( dcosta @ garnet . berkeley . edu ) and george aaron broadwell ( g . broadwell @ albany . edu ) note that choctaw _ nishkin _ ' eye ' ( and according to costa other forms in western muskogean ( chickasaw & choctaw , + mobilian jargon ) , are from some algonquian source ( note proto - algonquian * _ ne $ ki : n $ ekwi _ ) , a suggestion which i have found goes back at least to mary haas . however , i should add that ives goddard , whom i asked about this , expressed strong doubt about any such connection . bruce connell ( connellb @ vax . ox . ac . uk ) reported that ' heart ' in usaghade ( lower cross < benue - congo ) is apparently borrowed from a neighbouring bantu language , with semantic shift . tone marking omitted , usaghade ebuma , ' heart ' proto - bantu * - bumo , 's tomach ' . jakob dempsey ( jakob @ u . washington . edu ) reported that the common word for ' tongue ' in standard chinese and in hmong - mien languages ( generally speaking ) [ hm = miao - yao ] is very likely related , suggesting borrowing , since these languages are not considered genetically linked . norbert strade < lingnost @ hum . aau . dk > reported that the finnish word for """""""" neck """""""" , """""""" kaula """""""" , is borrowed from baltic . cynthia vakareliyska ( vakarel @ oregon . uoregon . edu ) pointed that some slavists believe that the russian word for ' eye ' ( _ glaz _ ) is borrowed from germany . ( i have been slowly tracing the origin of this opinion , which appears to be in error , but have not yet gotten all the way to the bottom of it . in my view the correct etymology , which is given by several authorities , is a shift in meaning of the native word for 's tone ' , ' boulder ' or the like ) . references from the above : connell , b . ( in press ) the role of language contact in the development of usaghade . to appear in sugia ( sprache und geschichte in afrika ) 16 or 17 , special issue on ' language contact and historical change ' . haas , mary r . 1964 . california hokan . in studies in californian linguistics . william bright , ed . university of california publications in linguistics 34 : 73-87 . jacob , betty ; t . dale nicklas ; and betty lou spencer . 1977 . introduction to choctaw . durant , ok : choctaw bilingual education program , southeastern oklahoma state university .
  """",0
  1521,""""Subject: passives
   
   hi all , does anyone know of a language in which passives are more frequent than actives ? it seems that it is possible to find languages in which actives are more frequent than passives , and even languages in which passives do not exist , but does the third case occur in any natural language ? any help on this would be greatly appreciated ? ll
  """",0
  1522,""""Subject: query : classicalphilology list
   
   i would like to ask for information on a similar discussion list as this one on issues in classical philology , mainly literature but also history , linguistics &c . please send messages to szigetva @ osiris . elte . hu thanks . peter szigetvari
  """",0
  1523,""""Subject: chinese corpus
   
   dear netters , do you know of any chinese corpus ? i am doing some chinese analysis and would like to get hold of a chinese corpus . it does n't matter which chinese mode it uses ( gb , big5 , hz , etc . ) if you know one , please send me a message . thank you . ruizhong wang applied linguistics program northern arizona university ruizhong @ nauvax . ucc . nau . edu
  """",0
  1524,""""Subject: reduplication in child language acquisition and foreigner talk , etc .
   
   in conducting a study of derivational morphology in creole languages , i have been investigating the origins of reduplication in the same . specifically , i am trying to determine whether it is best to explain the form and / or meaning of reduplicated structures in creoles in terms of the influence of substrate languages or in terms of the effect of language universals , or both . it has been suggested that data from child language acquisition studies may shed light on the question . also , data regarding """""""" baby talk """""""" and """""""" foreigner talk """""""" ( i . e talk by adults to children and non-native speakers , respectively ) may help in determining the extent to which reduplication in creoles should be explained in terms of language universals . additionally , the patterns of use of reduplication by adult second language learners in theirnon-native language ( s ) may also prove useful . thus , i would greatly appreciate any information you can give me ( by way of data , descriptions , references , etc . ) regarding the following questions : 1 . is reduplication a universal feature of children 's speech , baby talk , or foreigner talk cross-linguistically ? any examples ? 2 . where reduplication is indeed a feature of the above-mentioned speech varieties , what semantics are associated with the reduplicated forms ? specifically , is reduplication used as a category-changing operation , or is it used only in a modificatory way ( e . g . diminutivization , augmentation , etc . ) with no category change effected on the words to which it applies ? 3 . where reduplication is a feature of the above-mentioned speech varieties , what phonological form does it take ? i . e is total reduplication the rule ( e . g . """""""" the tiny tiny mouse ' ) ? or is total reduplication with modification ( e . g . """""""" teeny-weeny """""""" ) what we find ? or do we find partial reduplication of one kind or another , in which only syllables or parts of syllables are reduplicated ? andy saperstein adsap @ ling . ohio-state . edu ohio state university
  """",0
  1525,""""Subject: query : vp ellipsis and v - raising
   
   i am looking at vp ellipsis in overt v - raising languages . in particular , i need to find out whether the equivalent of ( 1 ) , with the vp being deleted after the verb moves out of it , is acceptable in overt v - raising languages . for control , i need to check whether vp ellipsis is possible in constructions such as ( 2 ) , which presumably would not necessarily involve main verb raising in the relevant languages . ( 1 ) john put the book on the table and peter put too . ( 2 ) a . john has put the book on the table and peter has too . b . john must put the book on the table and peter must too . if you know of any relevant facts and / or references , please respond directly to me . i will post a summary if there is sufficient interest . zeljko boskovic boskovic @ uconnvm . uconn . edu department of linguistics , u-145 university of connecticut storrs , ct 06269
  """",0
  1526,""""Subject: donnellan reference
   
   i am looking for the complete reference of an article by k . s . donnellan titled """""""" speaker reference , descriptions and anaphora """""""" . i believe it might be a chapter in a book .
  """",0
  1527,""""Subject: job in japan
   
   faculty position , keio university keio university 's faculty of science and technology wishes to announce the opening of a full-time position in english and related areas , beginning in april , 1996 . applicants should be native or near-native speakers of japanese , have graduated from a japanese university in english or a closely related field , have completed at least the course work for a doctoral degree in the humanities , and have at least three years in research and teaching experience . the successful candidate will be appointed at the rank of tenured assistant professor ( shennin koushi ) . required documents to be submitted : 1 . curriculum vitae , according to the japanese style and format , with one photograph 2 . a list of research papers 3 . three sample publications , one of each , either originals or copies 4 . a description of the candidate 's future research plans ( approximately two a - 4 pages ) 5 . a statement of the candidate 's views regarding university english education ( approximately one a - 4 page ) deadline september 9 , 1995 ( the post cancellation mark will serve as validation . ) selection process candidates who pass the initial screening process will be invited of an interview ( travel and lodging will be at the applicant 's expense ) . direct notification of the date and other details will be subsequently provided . address to which applications and accompanying documents are to be sent : hiyoshi kyoumuka ( rikougakubu ) keio university 4 - 1 - 1 hiyoshi kouhoku - ku , yokohama 223 japan note 1 . applications and accompanying documents should be sent by registered mail , with a notice in red ink , preferably in japanese , noting their contents . 2 . applicants should be aware that the submitted materials cannot be returned . 3 . should you have any questions , please contact professor keiji nakano ( e - mail : a01057 @ cc . hc . keio . ac . jp ) .
  """",0
  1528,""""Subject: job : german language etc . in japan
   
   faculty position , keio university ( german ) keio university 's faculty of science and technology at hiyoshi wishes to announce the opening of a full-time position in german language and related areas in the humanities and social sciences , beginning april 1 , 1996 . applicants should be native or near-native speakers of japanese , have completed at least the course requirements for a doctoral degree in the humanities or social sciences , and have at least three years in teaching german . preference will be given to those who already hold a doctoral degree in the areas to be taught . the successful candidate will be appointed at the rank of tenured assistant professor ( shennin koushi ) or tenured associate professor ( jokyouju ) , depending on his or her qualifications and experience . required documents to be submitted : 1 . curriculum vitae , according to the japanese style and format , with one photograph 2 . a list of research papers 3 . three sample publications , three of each , either originals or copies , including the candidate 's major thesis or monograph 4 . a description of the candidate 's future research plans ( approximately two a - 4 pages ) 5 . a statement of the candidate 's views regarding university german language education ( approximately one a - 4 page ) 6 . a description of the candidate 's plan for lecturing in areas other than german language deadline september 9 , 1995 ( the post cancellation mark will serve as validation . ) selection process candidates who pass the initial screening process will be invited of an interview ( travel and lodging will be at the candidate 's own expense ) . direct notification of the date and other details will be subsequently provided . address to which applications and accompanying documents are to be sent : hiyoshi kyoumuka ( rikougakubu ) keio university 4 - 1 - 1 hiyoshi kouhoku - ku , yokohama 223 japan note 1 . applications and accompanying documents should be sent by registered mail , with a notice in red ink , preferably in japanese , noting their contents and the addressee . 2 . applicants should be aware that the submitted materials cannot be returned except in special cases . 3 . e - mail inquiries should be directed to professor keiji nakano ( a01057 @ cc . hc . keio . ac . jp ) .
  """",0
  1529,""""Subject: semantics research position in israel
   
   one semester research position in formal semantics at ben gurion university . pending administrative approval , the position will be available from late october 1995 to early february 1996 . phd preferred . salary approx . $ 7 , 000 , funded by an israel national science foundation research grant . the topic of the grant is genericity and intensionality . please send brief letter of interest to karina wilkinson via email : karina @ bgumail . bgu . ac . il
  """",0
  1530,""""Subject: spanish corpora
   
   i am looking for sites where to obtain information about spanish corpora and parsing and tagging systems easily adaptable to spanish . thank you very much in advance . pablo accuosto instituto de computacion facultad de ingenieria montevideo - uruguay
  """",0
  1531,""""Subject: query : future tense discourses
   
   hi everybody , i am looking for texts written in the german future tense ( yes , i do believe there is such a thing ! ) . could anybody help me out with references ? i want to compare the frequency of temporal adverbial anaphors in future tense discourses to the frequency in past tense discourses . thus , it would be best to have novels , short stories etc . by the same autor in both tenses . thank you ! birgit hamp
  """",0
  1532,""""Subject: q : chomsky 's sea voyage ; how many of each kind of linguist are there
   
   ( 1 ) somewhere there is a story of chomsky , seasick and uncertain of his future , coming with the idea of transformational grammar while traveling aboard ship . i am wondering if anybody remembers where . ( 2 ) are there are any surveys or other statistics that show how many linguists work within the different schools and also within different areas ( e . g . , phonology vs . syntax , comparative vs . theoretical , etc . ) . i will post summaries .
  """",0
  1533,""""Subject: summary : chomsky on letting the theory choose
   
   i recently asked where it was that chomsky said that in unclear cases we should let the theory choose the right analysis . the answer , supplied by jan odijk , barbara abbott , and michael israel ( to all of whom my thanks ) turns out to be syntactic structures , p . 14 : . . . in order to set the aims of grammar significantly it is sufficient to assume a partial knowledge of sentences and non-sentences . that is , we may assume for this discussion that certain sequences of phonemes are definitely sentences , and that certain others sequences are definitely non-sentences . in many intermediate cases we shall be prepared to let the grammar itself decide , when the grammar is set up in the simplest way so that it includes the clear sentences and excludes the clear non-sentences . . . . a certain number of clear cases , then will provide us with a criterion of adequacy for any particular grammar .
  """",0
  1534,""""Subject: review of arboreal for windows
   
   review of : arboreal for windows , cascadilla press . by dr . matthew crocker ( mwc @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk ) centre for cognitive science , university of edinburgh . arboreal for windows ( henceforth , arborwin ) is a package designed to facilitate drawing trees within microsoft ( tm ) windows ( tm ) applications . arborwin consists simply of a truetype ( tm ) font in which keys are mapped to tree component shaped characters rather than standard keyboard symbols . the advantage of drawing trees in this way is that arborwin is very portable , and can be used in any wysiwyg windows ( tm ) application which allows you to select specific fonts ( i . e . most ) . the disadvantage , broadly , is that ` type-setting ' or layout of the trees is left to the user . the ` characters ' of arborwin include left , right , vertical , and ` triangle ' branches - - each of several widths ( but all the same height ) . the font is also fully scalable . in general , i found that arborwin behaved as intended , given that it is simply a font-based package . its most basic limitation is that there is a relatively small selection of branch sizes ( i . e . how narrow or wide a branch is ) . in practice , the most common problem i encountered was that ` triangle ' branches ( eg , for phrase without internal structure ) could n't be made wide enough . . . given that one often wants to put fairly long phrases under these . the only way to increase the width was to increase the point size for the branch ; but this also increases the height of the particular branch , and makes trees look disproportionate and inconsistent . being font-based , however , also means it cannot attain the flexibility of alternative packages ( eg , the ` tree ' package for latex ) . the ' tree ' package , for example , takes as input a declarative tree specification ( as a bracketed list ) and then automatically typesets the tree , and also permits crossing branches , and upside-down trees . since typesetting is automatic , the tree formatting is consistent , and tailored to the size / length of terminals ( including the triangle branches ) . overall the package is simple to use and quite effective if your requirements ( in terms of both sophistication , and layout quality ) are not too demanding . if greater flexibility , consistency , and quality is required , then i believe there is still no substitute for latex and its associated packages . dr . matthew crocker , esrc research fellow centre for cognitive science university of edinburgh mwc @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk
  """",0
  1535,""""Subject: donnellan complete citation
   
   a summary of my request for the complete citation : keith s . donnellan 1978 """""""" speaker reference , description and anaphora """""""" in syntax and semantics vol . 9 : pragmatics , peter cole , ed , n . y . : academic press . pp . 47-68 . this article was reprinted in 1979 contemporary perspectives in the philosophy of language , peter french , t . e . uehling jr , and h . k . wettstein , eds , minneapolis : u . of minnesota press . pp . 28-44 . thank you to the following people who responded to my request . charles meyer , gregory ward , steven bayne , robert knippen , anne reboul , jeffrey l . lidz , georges rebuschi , kjetil strand , becky passonneau
  """",0
  1536,""""Subject: pdt
   
   send for a free sample copy of mind and language edited by max coltheart , martin davies , samuel guttenplan , margaret harris , glyn humphreys , alan leslie , neil smith and deirdre wilson the phenomena of mind and language are currently studied by researchers in linguistics , philosophy , psychology , artificial intelligence and cognitive anthropology . mind and language aims to bring this work together in a genuinely interdisciplinary way . along with original articles , the journal publishes forums , survey articles , and reviews , enabling researchers to keep up-to - date with developments in related disciplines as well as their own . recent articles : vacuous singular terms , fred adams and robert stecker peacocke 's argument against the autonomy of nonconceptual representational content jose luis bermudez nonconceptual content : kinds , rationales and relations christopher peacocke systematically revisited : reply to chater and christiansen and niklasson and van gelder robert f hadley mind and language is published four times a year in march , june , september and december , by blackwell publishers , 108 cowley road , oxford , ox4 1jf , uk request your free sample copy by sending a message to jnlsamples @ blackwellpublishers . co . uk . please include your full postal address and state journal title .
  """",0
  1537,""""Subject: proper names
   
   dear linguists , i am looking for information and references regarding proper names ( especially people 's names ) . proper names are difficult to handle for nlp applications , for various reasons ; but one thing is sure : if you wish to analyse large corpora of texts , you will bump into a large number of proper names , and many of of these will be foreign proper names . so i am trying to gather any possible piece of knowledge ( references and pointers are welcome ) for as many languages as i can regarding the following points , in order to enhance a syntactic analyser for french : - the standard fashion to name people ( in french , usually a first name and a last name , but some language may add to this simple pattern additonal pieces . - what kind of unusual character may be found in proper names : for example , in france you may find names from brittany like rowarc ' h or floc ' h , where the quote is likely to cause segmentation errors ; the same holds for some dutch names such as op ' t hof , etc . - what are the official rules for spelling proper names , especially names that are composed of prepositional phrases , like """""""" de gaulle """""""" , or """""""" van voorst tot voorst """""""" : in other words , which parts are capitalized , and which are not . - what are the most frequent morphemes used in proper names , or in other words if there is ( used to be ) a preferred way for creating new proper names from a restricted list of morphemes . - what are the compounding rules for proper names . if there is enough interest , i ' ll post a summary . many thanks in advance , francois .
  """",0
  1538,""""Subject: child language acquistion
   
   i am looking for information on elicitation techniques and grammaticality judgements for 2 - 4 year old children . i would be grateful for your help on thi s subject . cathy finlay . university of ulster .
  """",0
  1539,""""Subject: 1997 international congress of linguists
   
   does anybody know dates / place for the 1997 international congress of linguists ?
  """",0
  1540,""""Subject: fresh chinese dialect fieldwork conference ( last call )
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * are you tired of boring conferences on chinese linguistics ? * * tired of hoards of people droning endlessly about things you * * either can't understand or could n't care less about - perhaps * * rehashing mandarin or taiwanese syntactic structures for the ten * * millionth time ; or telling you that _ bangmuu _ is reflected as * * [ p ] in such and such dialect while _ pangmuu _ is reflected as * * [ ph ] ; or categorizing all the possible patterns of word * * formation in four-character cliche 's ? are you tired of all that * * stultifying palaver ? then come to the next meeting of the yuen * * ren society . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the yuen ren society for the promotion of chinese dialect fieldwork presents a conference on fresh chinese dialect fieldwork 27 march , 1995 , salt lake city marriott hotel last call the yuen ren society for the promotion of chinese dialect fieldwork ( founded 1990 at the university of washington ) is dedicated to the study of diverse varieties of spoken hann chinese . the society 's meetings are an occasional forum for distributing and discussing fresh dialect data . submissions are now being accepted for a conference to be held in conjunction with the 205th meeting of the american oriental society , tentatively the afternoon of monday , 27 march 1995 , at the marriott hotel in salt lake city , utah . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * all communication about this conference should be addressed to : email : ( yuenren @ u . washington . edu ) ordinary mail : the yuen ren society att ' n : david prager branner asian languages and literature , do-21 university of washington seattle , wa 98195 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * i . scope of the conference : descriptive or comparative material for any variety of spoken hann chinese , preferably unfamiliar to dialectologists at large . to request a list of illustrative suggestions , write to ( yuenren @ u . washington . edu ) . yuen ren society conferences center around the presentation of original or rare data from real hann chinese dialects . why so narrow ? the reason is that there are already many outlets for theoretical and philological studies in chinese linguistics ; but there are no real outlets for the plain presentation and discussion of * data * . this meeting will consist of two elements : a . a collection of data , printed as an issue in the society 's occasional series , _ the yuen ren society treasury of chinese dialect data _ , and b . a presentation of the data by the fieldworker or compiler , together with discussion by the audience . the _ treasury _ will be available at the meeting , where it will serve as the handout . ii . deadlines . 28 january 1995 , for submission of an abstract and either a full-length draft of the material or a reasonably long sample from it . 28 february 1995 , for receipt by the society of the final camera-ready draft . this deadline is firm ; if you are afraid you are going to miss it , you should be in touch with the society * before * that happens . there is no deadline for registration at the conference , but we would like to know beforehand if you plan to attend . iii . submission of material . anyone wishing to present data at the society 's conference must submit it for publication in the _ yuen ren treasury of chinese dialect data _ . all submissions will be subject to review . if you cannot be present at the conference , you may still submit material to the current issue of the _ treasury _ . this conference is independent of the american oriental society meeting . there is no fee for the yuen ren society meeting , but it is the responsibility of everyone who attends to pay any aos registration fees that may be required of them . iv . attendance by non-participants . the conference is open to everyone , including people who are not members of the yuen ren society . there will be no fee for attending the conference , but there may be a small on-site registration fee for anyone who wants a copy of the _ yuen ren treasury _ . the _ treasury _ will serve as the combined handout for the whole conference . v . notes on style and format . 1 . the society favors the use of gwoyeu romatzyh , but will not reject any other reasonable system of romanization , as long as all tonal distinctions are represented in some consistent way . papers that use romanization without some form of tonal distinction will be rejected . both traditional and simplified characters are welcome . 2 . the languages of the conference and of all papers should be english or mandarin . 3 . length of individual presentations at the conference will be variable , with up to 25 minutes per presentation , and discussion ad hoc . please tell the society how long your presentation will be . length of documents in the _ treasury _ will also be variable , depending on their contents . 4 . all papers should include a section in the bibliography entitled """""""" sources of dialect data """""""" or something comparable , in addition to the ordinary list of works cited . papers introducing data from original fieldwork * must * list the names of all sites represented , together with information about the informants used and the dates of fieldwork . papers using any data not gathered by the author personally * must * list the sources of each distinct set of data . it is a good idea to distinguish different sources , even if they represent the same site . 5 . all submissions to the _ yuen ren treasury _ must be made in camera-ready hard copy . handwritten documents , unless they are remarkably neat , will ordinarily be rejected . for documents produced on a computer , common serif fonts such as courier or new york should be used for roman letter writing apart from ipa , and a sharply legible bitmap or outline font such as sung should be used for kanji . very neatly handwritten kanji are acceptable . if in doubt , send a sample of your typefaces to the society * before * the submission deadline . 6 . finished documents should have margins a minimum of one inch wide . print should be black only , and the body of the text should be between 12 and 14 point in size and double spaced . documents produced on a computer should be printed at not less than 300 dpi . 7 . in general , papers should follow the style guidelines of a recent edition of the _ chicago manual of style _ . vi . restrictions : barring exceptional circumstances , the following will be considered outside the scope of the conference , since there are already other outlets for them : 1 . papers emphasizing formal analysis or formal representation . 2 . new romanization schemes . 3 . papers comparing a single modern dialect to the jin ' in ( a . k . a . _ chiehyunn _ ) phonological system . 4 . papers all of whose data is culled from published sources , unless the source is rare or for some reason poorly known . 5 . studies of """""""" mandarin """""""" , """""""" taiwanese """""""" , """""""" cantonese """""""" , """""""" hakka """""""" , or other standard dialects , based neither on fieldwork nor the speech of named sites or sources . 6 . presentations that do not consist primarily of data .
  """",0
  1541,""""Subject: jobs
   
   kyushu institute of technology ( national university ) , kitakyushu city , fukuoka prefecture , japan invites applications for two positions . a full-time instructor of efl beginning april 1 , 1996 . qualifications : a native speaker of english ; ma degree or its equivalent in tefl , applied linguistics , linguistics , literature , international communication or related fields ; under 40 years of age . duties : eight undergraduate / graduate classes per week plus other related departmental responsibilities . contract : initial two years contract , renewable to a maximum of of five years ( by mutual agreement ) . salary and and benefits : salary based on japanese ministry of education scale ; bonuses , transportation from point of origin , health insurance ; research budget of about 600 , 000 yen per year ; conference travel allowance . a fully furnished house is provided and on-campus residence therein is required . application materials : resume with recent passport-size photo , photocopies of all degrees / diplomas ; verifications of past employment ; list of publications ; at least one letter of recommendation ; 500 word essay on """""""" why i 'd like to teach in japan . """""""" deadline : sept 11 , 1995 a full or associate professor of efl beginning april 1 , 1996 . qualifications : a native speaker of japanese ; ma degree or its equivalent in tefl , applied linguistics , linguistics , literature , international communication or related fields ; at least two year teaching experience , over 40 years of age . duties : six undergraduate / graduate classes per week plus other related departmental responsibilities . salary and and benefits : salary based on japanese ministry of education scale ; bonuses , transportation from point of origin , health insurance ; research budget ; conference travel allowance . application materials : resume with recent passport-size photo , list of publications , experts or photocopies of publications , and 200 word abstracts of publications , photocopies of all degrees / diplomas , a photocopy of the certificate of most recent degree with grades , a certificate of physical examination , at least one letter of recommendation . deadline : sept 11 , 1995 contact : shuzo yamanaka ( professor ) department of humanities faculty of engineering kyushu institute of technology 1 - 1 sensui - cho tobata - ku kitakyushu - shi 804 japan fax : + 81 93 884 3400 e - mail enquiries should be sent to ; makoto shimizu ( mr ) shimizu @ dhs . kyutech . ac . jp
  """",0
  1542,""""Subject: non - decimal counting systems
   
   the fulfulde language of west africa is based on fives . so you have separate words for one through five , from then on : 5 + 1 for six , then 5 + 2 , 5 + 3 , 5 + 4 . but there is a word for ten : 's appo ' which indicates putting both sets of fingers together . then we get 10 + 1 . . . . 10 + 5 + 4 , then a separate word for twenty . i beleive some dialects use ten times two for twenty . for thirty , forty , etc . we get 10 x 3 etc . there are separate words for hundred and thousand . 1000 x 1000 is probably a practical limit . i am sure this is not unique in this area of africa . leslie h . stennes
  """",0
  1543,""""Subject: sum : nonreferential np 's in english
   
   a week or two ago , i sent the following query to the folks on linguist : > my interest is in identifying nonreferential np 's in written english so > that a computer natural lg processing system would know not to set up > referents for them to serve as antecedents for subsequent anaphora > resolution . compounds ( e . g . duck-shooting season ) can i suppose be > treated superficially as single words , but what about things like ' lose > faith in ' , ' catch sight of ' . of course , some criteria will involve > larger discourse issues , but it may be that it is possible to identify > at least some nonreferential np 's """""""" cheaply """""""" , i . e . just by looking > within a clause and / or considering inherent lexical semantics . my interest is also in examples like ' john is a teacher ' , where ' a teacher ' is not used to introduce a new discourse referent , but rather to characterize one which has already been introduced . my thanks to gregory ward , marion kee , and louise mcnally for their replies and comments . to summarize my investigations to date and the comments of these people : ward , gregory , richard sproat , and gail mckoon . 1991 ` ` a pragmatic analysis of so - called anaphoric islands , ' ' in language 67 : 439-474 . - - contrary to what i was assuming about compounds , subparts may serve as antecedents for pronominal anaphora . louise mcnally noted : ' first of all , it appears that languages with article systems ( like english and other germanic lgs . , and the romance lgs . ) mark """""""" nonreferentiality """""""" by the absence of an article ( i . e . via bare singular or , more commonly , bare plural nps ) . although such nps may function syntactically just like nps with articles ( in contrast to incorporated nominals ) , semantically and pragmatically they are quite distinct . . . in english things are complicated by the fact that bare plurals also appear to denote natural kinds , but this appears to be the [ exception rather ] than the rule ( bare nominals in the other languages i ' ve looked at do not have this interpretation ) . thus , what is shared by incorporated and non-incorporated , nonreferential nps is thus ( 1 ) the absence of an article ; and ( 2 ) their semantics / pragmatics . - - i would treat bare nominals as property denoting ( alternatively , as contributing only descriptive content ) , whereas i treat nps with articles as entity denoting ( alternatively , as contributing both descriptive content and , crucially , a discourse referent ) . quantificational nps are another matter altogether . there appear to be differences between the discourse anaphoric properties of nouns in compounds ( like """""""" baby-sitter """""""" ) and bare plurals that occur as independent elements in sentences . specifically , bare nominals are much more likely to felicitously license discourse anaphora to """""""" token """""""" entities ( as opposed to kinds ) than are nouns inside compounds . i have not investigated this in detail , but i suspect that the differences involve the sorts of existential inferences you get via the use of the compounds vs . full sentences ( for example , i can truthfully describe someone as a """""""" tomato grower """""""" at time _ t _ without there being any tomatoes that the person is growing at _ t _ ; in contrast , if it is true that fred grew tomatoes at _ t _ , there must have been tomatoes at _ t _ that he grew . - - this pair does n't do justice to the complexity of the problem , but i hope it gives you an idea of the differences one finds between the conditions on the applicability of nouns as descriptions and the truth of sentences . ) ' marion kee suggested marking phrasal verbs in the lexicon , for example ' catch sight of ' , where 's ight ' is non-referential . while this is an eminently practical solution to a thorny problem , my mandate is to explore methods for automatically identifying such non-referential uses , this being ( presumably ) more general , and computationally less expensive than searching the lexicon for given collocations . i am still musing on structural cues which might be used , perhaps in combination with semantic information . finally , i have attached a brief summary of the ' backgrounded object construction ' in roviana , a w . oceanic lg , spoken in the solomon islands . i am currently working on a sketch gr for an upcoming volume on oceanic lgs . the construction i am referring to would be called an antipassive by some ( roviana has morpho-syntactic ergativity with really unusual splits ) , ' i cooked the taro ' comes out as a transitive , with ' i ' having ergative ' marking ' ( actually , zero for ergative , which is one of the unusual things ) , and there is transitive morphology on the verb . constituent order vao ' i cooked taro ' / ' i did taro-cooking ' comes out as intransitive , with ' i ' marked as absolutive , and constituent order voa . no transitive morphology on the verb , and you could say that the o has ' moved into the verb phrase ' if you were inclined to use such dynamic metaphors , and could make a case for what a verb phrase was in roviana . i call this the ' backgrounded object construction ' . it is used in subordinate clauses , which do not have morpho-syntactic ergativity , and it does n't involve the marking of a as oblique , so i am not prepared to call it an antipassive . now : you use the backgrounded object construction ( i ) ( optionally ) for pragmatically backgrounding the undergoer in discourse ( coz it is not important ) or ( ii ) ( obligatorily ) if the undergoer is non-specific . by non-specific i mean that the speaker does n't have a particular ref in mind , even if one might be said to exist , e . g . ' i did taro-cooking ' implies taro exists , but you are not focusing on any particular taro . exception : if you are asserting the non-existence of an undergoer by using a prenominal modifier ' none / nothing ' , you can use the normal transitive construction . e . g . ' i did n't kill anyone ' ( there does not exist a person such that i killed them ) = transitive ' i did n't kill anyone ' ( denying the action , not asserting the non-existence of the referent ) = backgrounded object construction . thus : the transitive construction is used if the undergoer is ( a ) asserted to not exist or ( b ) specific and not pragmatically backgrounded . the backgrounded obj construction is used if the undergoer is ( b ) non-specific and not being asserted to not exist or ( b ) specific and pragmatically backgrounded . roviana has articles that mark information statuses like definite . the np in a backgrounded obj construction however can only be a bare noun . my thanks again to those who replied . any further thoughts / comments much appreciated . simon corston
  """",0
  1544,""""Subject: re : 6 . 923 , sum : chomsky on letting the theory choose
   
   chomsky 's optimism about """""""" letting the theory decide """""""" about unclear cases of grammaticality sharply contrasts with the view proposed by baudrillard ( in _ l ' autre par lui meme _ ) as to the role of theory in forcing reality and in defining us as theory practitioners . i ' m traslating from the spanish version : """""""" the status of theory could only be one of challenging reality . or , rather , the relationship between the two is one of a mutual challenge . for , undoubtedly , also the real is nothing but a challenge to theory - - not an objective state of affairs , but a radical frontier for analysis , beyond which nothing obeys theory or beyond which theory no longer has anything to say . but also theory is only made to disobey reality , and it constitutes its unreachable frontier . irreconciliation between theory and the real : a corollary of the irreconciliation between subjects and their own goals . all attempts at reconciliation are deceiving and are doomed to failure . """""""" celso alvarez - caccamo
  """",0
  1545,""""Subject: re : 6 . 841 , ling in science fiction
   
   in this vein see italo calvino 's cosmicomics .
  """",0
  1546,""""Subject: re : 6 . 933 , misc : english only , a footnote on banning of german
   
   a brief comment on on banning german in the us midwest during wartime : kurt vonnegut 's semi-autobiographical _ slapstick _ mentions how his german - speaking family self-censored the german out of their speech , music , etc . loren billings billings @ princeton . edu billings @ pucc . bitnet
  """",0
  1547,""""Subject: gene flow and indo - europeans
   
   h . m . hubey has made readers of this list aware of an interesting article which appeared in the june 24 , 1995 , issue of science news concerning evidence from dna data indicating a gene flow from anatolia into europe beginning around 9 , 000 years bp . hubey also points out that there is genetic evidence that nomads from the central eurasian yamna culture spread westward into europe approximately 5 , 500 years ago . while it is indeed reasonable to link the first migration with the spread of agriculture , it does not follow that those who migrated spoke any form of indo - european ( """""""" pre - """""""" , """""""" proto - """""""" , or dialects thereof ) . nor does it follow that """""""" [ i ] t is possible that both expansions were responsible for the spread of different subfamilies of indo - european languages . . . """""""" we know from cuneiform records that by 3 , 000 bce anatolia was populated ( at least in part , if not in full ) by people speaking caucasian languages . in eastern anatolia , hurrian and the later attested and closely-related urartean were spoken . these languages have been convincingly shown by sergej starostin and igor diakonoff to be related to northeast caucasian . in central anatolia , hattic was spoken - - this was later replaced by hittite , an indo - european language . diakonoff maintains that hattic was also a caucasian language . finally , diakonoff has claimed that the language spoken by the gutians ( qutians ) was a caucasian language . moreover , there are no unambiguous references to indo - european people or languages in written records from the ancient near east until just before 2 , 000 bce , and the first references are to hittites . it is generally agreed by specialists ( for example , gamkrelidze , mellaart , puhvel , steiner , among others ) that the hittites were invaders who imposed themselves upon populations speaking caucasian languages ( in particular , hattic ) . thus , there is much stronger evidence that prior to about 2 , 000 bce , anatolia was populated by speakers of caucasian languages than by speakers of indo - european languages . thus , it follows logically that if one were to attempt to correlate gene flow at about 9 , 000 bp from anatolia to europe with language spread that one would tend to think more about very early forms of caucasian rather than indo - european . allan r . bomhard boston , massachusetts
  """",0
  1548,""""Subject: re : 6 . 943 , disc : non - decimal counting systems
   
   the fulfulde language of west africa is based on fives . so you have separate words for one through five , from then on : 5 + 1 for six , then 5 + 2 , 5 + 3 , 5 + 4 . but there is a word for ten : 's appo ' which indicates putting both sets of fingers together . then we get 10 + 1 . . . . 10 + 5 + 4 , then a separate word for twenty . . . . . i wish to contribute to this topic of discussion with dagaare data . dagaare is a west african language ( gur family ) spoken in ghana and burkina faso . i provide below salient aspects of the dagaare system of numerals . as can be seen it is basically a decimal system ( based on 10 ) but it is also , to some extent , based on 20 . forty in dagaare is two 20 's , sixty is three 20 's and , like french , eighty is four 20 's . hundred has its own name but some speakers still insist on calling it five 20 's . all this shown below . 4 . dagaare numerals + human count - human count nenyeni - yeni 1 bonyeni bayi - yi 2 ayi bata - ta 3 ata banaare - naare 4 anaare banuu - nuu 5 anuu bayooo - yooo 6 ayooo bayopoi - yopoi 7 ayopoi banii - nii 8 anii bawae - wae 9 awae ( noba ) pie 10 ( boma ) pie ( noba ) pie ne yeni 11 ( boma ) pie ne yeni pie ne bayi 12 pie ne ayi . . . . pie ne bawae 19 pie ne awae ( noba ) lezare 20 ( boma ) lezare lezare ne yeni 21 lezare ne yeni lezare ne bayi 22 lezare ne ayi . . . . lezare ne bawae 29 lezare ne awae ( noba ) lezare ne pie 30 ( boma ) lezare ne pie lezare ne pie ne yeni 31 lezare ne pie ne yeni lezare ne pie ne bayi 32 lezare ne pie ne ayi . . . . ( noba ) lezae ayi 40 ( boma ) lezae ayi lezae ayi ne yeni 41 lezae ayi ne yeni lezae ayi ne bayi 42 lezae ayi ne ayi . . . . lezae ayi ne pie 50 lezae ayi ne pie lezae ayi ne pie ne yeni 51 lezae ayi ne pie ne yeni lezae ayi ne pie ne bayi 52 lezae ayi ne pie ne ayi . . . . ( noba ) lezae ata 60 ( boma ) lezae ata lezae ata ne yeni 61 lezae ata ne yeni lezae ata ne bayi 62 lezae ata ne ayi . . . . ( noba ) lezae ata ne pie 70 ( boma ) lezae ata ne pie lezae ata ne pie ne yeni 71 lezae ata ne pie ne yeni lezae ata ne pie ne bayi 72 lezae ata ne pie ne ayi . . . . ( noba ) lezae anaare 80 ( boma ) lezae anaare lezae anaare ne yeni 81 lezae anaare ne yeni lezae anaare ne bayi 82 lezae anaare ne ayi . . . . ( noba ) lezae anaare ne pie 90 ( boma ) lezae anaare ne pie lezae anaare ne pie ne yeni 91 lezae anaare ne pie ne yeni lezae anaare ne pie ne bayi 92 lezae anaare ne pie ne ayi . . . . ( noba ) koo 100 ( boma ) koo koo ne yeni 101 koo ne yeni koo ne bayi 102 koo ne ayi . . . . koore ayi 200 koore ayi koore ata 300 koore ata . . . . koore awae 900 koore awae ( noba ) tur 1000 ( boma ) tur . . tur ayi 2000 tur ayi tur ata 3000 tur ata . . tur tur ( mur ) 1000 000 tur tur ( mur ) . . tur tur tur ( bur ) 1000 000 000 tur tur tur ( bur ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - as can be seen for the last two numerals above , speakers would refer to million as ' thousand thousand ' and billion , presumably as ' thousand , thousand , thousand ' . the names in parenthesis ( ' mur ' and ' bur ' ) are my own suggestions , as a linguist / native speaker of the language , towards a better way of referring to very large numbers . i wonder how other languages are accomodating this need to have more numerals in the counting system . adams bodomo
  """",0
  1549,""""Subject: english only ?
   
   english only ? this is a reaction to the message by jack aubert . i can understand what you mean but i am not so sure whether you compare things with each other that actually should / can be compared . > however , this is not what """""""" bi-lingualism """""""" > really means in the u . s . it means making it easier for non - english speakers > to get through life without having to learn to speak english in the u . s . , the ( mistaken ) idea that english is the national language makes its easier for the people to take it for granted that one can very well get through life without having to learn any other language . since language learning also entails getting to know a different culture , most people miss the opportunity to learn about other ways of living , eating , etc . > national plural mono-lingualism is a curse ! for everything you say about this , you did not mention one single argument that it should be english that can be the national language and not spanish . what would you say about this if the number of citizens speaking spanish fluently outnumbers the amount of people who speak english fluently ? after all , the u . s . just tops off a continent where the great majority speaks spanish . why should they speak english at all , in that country to the north of latin - america ? > history has not saddled us with this curse , as it has done to > belgium , . . . most """""""" ethnic """""""" conflicts ( there are > counter-examples like the hutus and tutsis and the two flavors of irish ) > trace back to language . basque and catalan separatism is based on language . > canada may end up breaking into two states , each with its own disgruntled > linguistic minority . basque and catalan separatism is not based on language . why do we never hear anything about galician separatism on the iberian peninsula ? galician is a language very different from spanish ( and not so different from portuguese ) . the name of the region is galicia and is part of spain . galician is a language much older than spanish itself : it was used for poetry and by the kings in ancient times . still , we do not hear a lot about galician separatism . neither do we hear anything about leonese separatism , aragonese separatism , andalusian separatism , simply because it does not exist . separatism on the peninsula has nothing to do with language . it has everything to do with historic rights of old kingdoms . the comparison with belgium might not be such a good one . the northern part of belgium used to be dutch , this is the reason these people speak dutch . in the u . s . , there is no regional division of groups of native-speakers as there is in belgium ( and like there is in catalunya and euzkadi too ) . it is much more probable that separatism between dutch - speaking belgians and french - speaking belgians be encouraged , because it is easy to say : o . k . , since the flemish live in the north and the walloons in the south , why do n't we split up the country ( and if they would , what can i hold against it ? ) . in the u . s . , this is not a very likely situation since the spanish - speaking citizens live all over the country . there is also a big historical difference : a mexican family living in chicago will never be able to say """""""" jee , we and all our neighbours and all the people in chicago , illinois , michigan , indiana , etc . , we used to belong to another country , a country where spanishwas the language . this soil where we were born and which we owe with thousands of """""""" compatriots """""""" used to belong to a spanish - speaking country . """""""" and what if canada breaks up ? as long as they do it in peace . . . . . really , i think you use the wrong arguments here . i mean , do i use arguments like : look what china has done to tibet : by invading the country they have destroyed a very important cultural and religious heritage , the tibetans are forced to learn chinese , the tibetan culture will be lost soon . so please allow spanish in the u . s . ? no , i do n't use this argument either because you cannot compare a cat with a bird . > allowing ( for example ) native spanish speakers living in the > u . s . to avoid learning english as young as possible and as well as possible > . . . . . . . . . . . . . . etc . allowing millions and millions of people in a modern , industrialized country like the u . s . to avoid learning any other language but their own greatly surprises me . really , from a practical point of view , and trying to agree with jack aubert , i would like to conclude with this . yes , of course plural mono-linguism is a problem . but does it make sense to expect that the half of the population of a country that has worse access to good education is going to make the step of learning two languages well ? as has been investigated in minority regions in europe , it has been proved that people can only learn a language well when they know their own language well . this is the reason the frisian language got reintroduced in the schools in frisia again in the seventies . frisia is a region in the north of holland where people speak frisian and dutch . most schools in the cities have dutch as a main language and frisian as a second language but in the country-side , at least the first three years , mathematics and everything is being taught in frisian and dutch is a second language . there is no separatism in frisia . in fact , the frisians are among the dutch to speak dutch best since a lot of other dutch only speak their local dialect and are ununderstandable for someone who comes from another region . since ( children of ) spanish speakers in the u . s . cannot go to a spanish school to learn their mother tongue thoroughly , they will never be able to learn english really well . it seems more realistic to expect that the ones who already speak their mother-tongue well and who have , generally speaking , better access to better education would learn spanish . let them become bilingual ( and maybe monolingual spanish in the end ? ? ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * jelly julia de jong * + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + atw , o . k . i . h . jatstraat 26 * + dept . of general linguistics + 9712 ek groningen * + university of groningen + the netherlands * + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | e - mail : julia @ let . rug . nl | | http : / / www . let . rug . nl / linguistics / jellydejong . html |
  """",0
  1550,""""Subject: re : 6 . 933 , misc : english only , a footnote on banning of german
   
   jack aubert writes : > in contrast with most of the topics discussed here , [ national language > policy ] is an > issue where the views of academic linguists have no greater value than the > views of laymen or practicing linguists i beg to differ . lay ( wo ) men 's misconceptions about language are poisoning the public debate about english only , and recognizing the greater value of the views of academic linguists might be just what is needed to improve that debate . is it merely an accident that the vast majority of academic linguists opposes ( while a majority of laypeople supports ) english only and related movements , or is it an indication that those academic linguists know something that the laypeople do not know ? > [ bilingualism in the us ] means making it easier for non - english speakers > to get through life without having to learn to speak english on the grounds > that this is more humane and fairer . i am not an expert on bilingualism , but i have a hunch that this is a very lopsided characterization of bilingualism as currently practiced in ( small pockets of ) the us . i would be good to hear from subscribers who actually are experts on bilingualism . > most """""""" ethnic """""""" conflicts . . . > trace back to language . basque and catalan separatism is based on language . language played absolutely no role in the biggest """""""" ethnic conflict """""""" of our time , i . e . the racist war of the germans against jews , slavs , gypsies and other """""""" non-aryans """""""" . where language does play a role in """""""" ethnic conflicts """""""" , it does so only as ( an important ) part of a different cultural itentity , whatever that is . most of the time , these conflicts are n't purely """""""" ethnic """""""" but also ( and sometimes please do n't freeze onexclusively ) based on other factors such as class . the """""""" ethnic conflict """""""" between hutus and tutsis is an excellent example for this , but the details would lead to far astray . > english - - by accident of history - - is the glue that keeps the u . s . > together as one nation . the glue that keeps the us together as one nation ( if indeed there is such a glue and such a unified nation ) contains many ingredients , among which brute force and economic interests play a much bigger role than english or some other linguistic phenomenon . the unifying powers of police batons and wageloss ( for which one can blame the japanese , or mexicans , or anybody except the american ruling class ) far exceed those of the poems of walt whitman . > by requiring all american children to attend > classes taught in english we are doing our non-native - english speaking > compatriots an enormous favor . clearly the """""""" non-native - english speaking compatriots """""""" cannot be included in the """""""" we """""""" who are doing """""""" our blablabla """""""" a favor when """""""" we """""""" ( and """""""" we """""""" alone ) require all american children to attend classes taught in english . this is what english only truly is about : maintaining or returning to a status quo where """""""" we """""""" make decisions for """""""" our blablabla """""""" whose benefactors """""""" we """""""" thereby are . best , bernhard rohrbacher
  """",0
  1551,""""Subject: re : 6 . 933 , misc : english only
   
   jack aubert is absolutely correct . the teaching of standard english is a thing that i do not hesitate to say should be compulsory nationwide ( although this does n't necessarily mean that it has to be so via a federal - level mandate . ) i have nothing at all against personal or familial or ethnic bilingualism and i spent a great deal of time and effort to render myself bilingual as a teenager , when the odds were against me . if it were up to me , most people would master a second language in childhood . however , english is an essential ingredient of the glue that binds the u . s . together . it is far more cruel to help non - english speakers in the u . s . to get along without it than it is to require that they learn it ( and to provide the necessary educational infrastructure . ) a substantial majority of formerly-non - english - speaking immigrants to the u . s . hold this position , and if they do not feel denigrated by having to learn english , who are the other """""""" experts """""""" that would claim it is degrading ? ( i have n't seen anyone express that opinion yet on this list ; have i missed any such posts ? ) > national plural mono-lingualism is a curse ! damn straight it is ! ! - - marion kee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - marion kee | i do n't speak for cmu , knowledge engineer , center for machine translation | and cmu returns the favor . carnegie mellon university pittsburgh , pa , usa | all opinions are my own .
  """",0
  1552,""""Subject: ph . d programs
   
   a colleague of mine , who is a professor of english in japan , is seeking information regarding non-resident ph . d programs in linguistics available in the u . s . - - a course of study he would pursue while still in japan . where would we find such information ? please help us in any way you can . thank you very much for your time . ( please respond directly to the above email address . )
  """",0
  1553,""""Subject: singapore query
   
   on behalf of a friend who has been offered a teaching position at the national university of singapore , i 'd like to ask 2 questions . 1 . does anyone have experience living in singapore or teaching at nus ? 2 . if so , could you tell me about your experience ? insights , suggestions , or special considerations would be welcome . please address a reply to jherman @ epas . utoronto . ca thanks .
  """",0
  1554,""""Subject: syllabus request for gender and language course
   
   i will be teaching a course ( upper division undergraduate ) on """""""" gender and language """""""" this fall and i would like to see examples of syllabi that other people have used for this kind of class . i am also interested in relevant books , readings and videos . alternately , maybe this information is already available somewhere on www and someone knows the address ? i will be happy to summarize for the list . thanks , patricia schneider - zioga pschneid @ aludra . usc . edu dept . of linguistics usc l . a . ca 90089-1693
  """",0
  1555,""""Subject: homophones in english dialects
   
   i work with students with written language learning disabilities . my students and i create personalized editing checklists , one component of these checklists being a list of commonly confused homophones . i 'd like to compile a more comprehensive list , however . i ' ve got a copy of evan antworth 's list of homophones from standard english , but i 'd like to supplement this with homophones in dialects of english . i am particularly interested in mid - atlantic and southern dialects . thanks in advance - - suzanne cadwell
  """",0
  1556,""""Subject: strike outs
   
   hey baseball fans ! anyone out there know where ' k ' as a shorthand for 's trike-out ' comes from ? ? ? nomo - mania is big in japan and i ' ve had two different people ask me when they find out that i do linguistics . help ! ! - - amy
  """",0
  1557,""""Subject: disc he / she
   
   dear linguist list subscribers , for the continuing discussion of the pronouns , i have some lines of data from the 17 manuscripts of the a - version of piers plowman . they can generally be said to be representative of 15th century usage . is it not strongly suggested in the lines that """""""" proverbial he """""""" , and perhaps the """""""" original """""""" morphology of the so called """""""" generic-he """""""" , was feminine , not masculine ? what a strange thing to say ! can this be accurate ? looking at the middle english pronouns , using the modern paradigm to evaluate them , is misleading and inconclusive . when the development of middle english """""""" his """""""" or """""""" him """""""" is evaluated without taking into consideration their development from old english morphology , much of the story is lost - - that these two """""""" masculine """""""" forms were also neuter , and in this later sense ( """""""" not one or the other """""""" ) , served well for the indefinite singular - - by way of development from the oe masculine / neuter obliques ; and the feminine forms were morphologically related to the plural . in the following lines , the h-stem subject is the feminine ( / plural ) , not the masculine . am i wrong ? ( playing for a moment the devil 's advocate ) do n't these lines below fly in the face of feminist theory as it sees the """""""" he """""""" """""""" stealing cognitive space """""""" , whereas in fact , they are feminine forms ? i would like to have some feminist theory input about these lines of evidence . if so-goes - the-language , so-goes - the-culture ( a la whorf ) , what can we make of the """""""" hers """""""" = 3d """""""" theirs """""""" identity found widespread in middle english morpholgy , and what can we say about the """""""" proverbial he """""""" in the following being feminine ? is there anybody strong in feminist theory , particulary a feminist him - / herself , who can discuss this in the general forum ? is my understanding correct that feminist history sees the h-stem feminine as having dropped from living english by 1300 ? please help . do not hesitate to contact me personally about any aspects of this , pro , con , or indifferent . lines from piers ( * = 3d unavailable character ) passus iii line 229 a = ch and he = feat gripeth gifts , so [ ? ] god helpe , d and ho so gripeth here gifts , so me god helpe , e = deai = feat grypi = fe such gifts , sa me god helpe , h but he = feat gripeth siche 3eftis , so me god helpe , h2 and he = feat grypes here gifts , so me god helpe , h3 = j and he = feat gripi = fe mede , so me god helpe , k and thay = feat grepyn her gifts , so me god helpe , l and ho = feat gripeth heore 3eftes , so me god helpe , m and 3e = feat grypit here 3iftis , so me god helpe , n and he = feat gripeth 3e gift , so me god helpe , r and he = feat grypyt 3oure gifts , so me god helpe , t and he = feat gripi = fe here gifts , so me god helpe , u and he = feat gripeth here gold , so me god helpe , v and heo = feat 3iftus heore gifts , so me god helpe , w he = feat gripeth here 3eftes , so me god helpe passus iii line 230 a schul ab * e it full bitterly or ellis = fee bok lyeth ch shal ab * e bitterly or = fee bok lie * th d shal ab * e it bitterly or = fee bok lyeth e sall ab * e it full bytter as = fee buke tellis h he schal abigge it bitterly or ellis = fee bok li * e = fe h2 shal ab * e it biterly or = fee bok lyeth h3 shal ab * e it bitterly or = fee bok li * e = fe j schulun abugge wel bitterly or = fee bok lyeth k schallen abigge hit wel bitterly or = fee bok lyeth l shal ab * e hit wel bytter or ellis = fee bok lyeth m scholyn abiggyn wol bytter or = fee bok liet n shal ab * e hit wel bitterly ar = fee bok lyeth r shal ab * e ful bitterly or = fee bok lyes t shal ab * ie it bitterly or = fee bok li * e = fe u shal ab * e ful bitere or = fee bok lyes v = deei schullen abugge bitterly or = fee bok li * e = fe w shal ab * e it bitterly or = fee bok ly
  """",0
  1558,""""Subject: summary : buccalization
   
   several weeks ago i posted a query asking for instances of """""""" buccalization """""""" , the development of a glottal stop into an oral stop . the reason for the query was that i ' m compiling a catalogue of lenition and fortition types for a textbook , and this was the only type in my catalogue i could n't find an example of . i received seven responses . none of them turned up an absolutely ironclad example of a glottal stop developing into an oral stop , though the things that did turn up were nonetheless striking . four languages were cited . maru , a tibeto - burman language , has turned syllable-final zero into [ t ] or [ k ] , depending on the preceding tone . it is possible , but not certain , that this change proceeded via glottal stop . ( robins burling , 1966 , ` the addition of final stops in the history of maru ' , _ language _ 47 : 581-586 ; anatole lyovin , 1968 , ` notes on the addition of final stops in maru ' , _ project on linguistic analysis _ 7 ( berkeley ) . ) mandarin chinese optionally allows syllable-initial zero to be realized as any of several segments , including a glottal stop , a velar nasal , or a velar or uvular voiced continuant . ( yuen - ren chao , _ a grammar of spoken chinese _ , p . 20 . ) there is reason to believe that some of these initial zeros derive from earlier glottal stop . winnebago has undergone the change [ - r ? ] - > [ - t ? - ] between vowels , and , if i understand the reply correctly , the rhotic itself may be epenthetic in origin . american english has its celebrated case of ` no ' > ` nope ' , possibly via glottal stop . the same is true of ` yep ' , if this derives directly from ` yeah ' and is not analogical . ( and i have noted that i myself sometimes have ` welp ' for ` well ' . ) that 's it . it really does look as if the glottal region is a vast sink from which no segment ever returns . it is not obvious why this should be so , since , as one respondent points out , the development of [ ? ] to [ p ] , [ t ] or [ k ] under the influence of neighboring [ u ] , [ i ] or [ a ] does not seem intrinsically implausible , and indeed it is reported that early european linguists working in southeast asia sometimes misheard and mistranscribed glottal stops in exactly this manner . my thanks to richard coates , lance eccles , james kirchner , bill mahota , john koontz , david solnit and scott delancey for their responses . perhaps i should also have inquired about cases of [ h ] > oral segment , but i did n't think of it . any further information in this vein will be gratefully received . larry trask cogs university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh uk larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk
  """",0
  1559,""""Subject: ranlp : call for participation
   
   international conference """""""" recent advances in natural language processing """""""" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tzigov chark , bulgaria 14 - 16 sept 1995 location : tzigov chark is a beautiful resort in the rhodope mountains on the shore of batak lake . tzigov chark is 150km from sofia , the capital of bulgaria . preliminary program : papers : kuang - hua chen , hsin - hsi chen ( taiwan ) a corpus-based approach to text partition allan ramsay , reinhard schaeler ( ireland ) case and word order in english and german marcel cori , michel de fornel , j . m . marandin ( france ) parsing repairs christer samuelsson ( germany ) example - based optimization of surface - generation tables ivan bretan , maans engstedt and bjoern gambaeck ( sweden ) a multimodal environment for telecommunication specifications inaki alegria , xabier artola , kepa sarasola ( spain ) improving a robust morphological analyzer using lexical transducers daniel jones , harold somers ( uk ) bilingual vocabulary estimation from noisy parallel corpora using variable bag estimation harris papageorgiou ( greece ) clause recognition in the framework of alignment tadashi nomoto ( japan ) effects of grammatical annotation on a topic identification task wiebke ramm and claudia villiger ( germany ) global text organization and sentence - grammatical realization : towards a discourse - level control of grammatical selections olivier ferret and brigitte grau ( france ) an episodic memory for understanding and learning david d . palmer ( usa ) experiments in multilingual sentence boundary recognition marie owens , p . o'boyle , f . j . smith ( uk ) a missing-word evaluation of statistical language model performance using human subjects khalil sima ' an ( holland ) an optimized algorithm for data oriented parsing jan schaake and geert - jan m . kruijff ( holland ) discerning relevant information in discourses using tfa hideki kozima , akira ito ( japan ) context - sensitive measurement of word distance by adaptive scaling of a semantic space akito nagai , ishikawa yasushi , nakajima kunio ( japan ) concept - driven search algorithm incorporating semantic interpretation and speech recognition shinsuke mori and makoto nagao ( japan ) grammar extraction and parsing a natural language using n - gram statistics mihoko kitamura , yuji matsumoto ( japan ) a mt system based on translation rules acquired from parallel corpora udo hahn , michael strube ( germany ) parsetalk about textual ellipsis victoria arranz , ian radford , sofia ananiadou , jan - ichi tsujii ( uk ) towards a sublanguage-based semantic clustering algorithm jung h . shin , young s . han , young c . park , key s . choi ( korea ) a hmm part - of - speech tagger for korean with wordphrasal relations ye - yi wang and alex waibel ( usa ) connectionist transfer in machine translation malgorzata stys ( uk ) , stefan zemke ( sweden ) incorporating discourse aspects in polish - - english mt : towards robust implementation : kalina boncheva ( bulgaria ) generation of multilingual explanations from conceptual graphs r . basili , m . della rocca , maria pazienza , p . velardi ( italy ) contexts and categories : tuning a general purpose verb classification to sublanguages ruslan mitkov ( germany ) two engines are better than one : generating more power and confidence in the search for the antecedent ching long yeh , chris mellish ( uk ) an empirical study on the generation of descriptions for nominal anaphors in chinese ismail biskri , jean pierre descles ( france ) applicative and combinatory categorial grammar from syntax to functional semantics ) hang li and naoki abe ( japan ) generalizing case frames using a thesaurus and the mdl principle project notes : fuji ren , lixin fan ( japan ) reservable structural ambiguities and its application in japanese - chinese machine translation jawad berri , dominique le roux , denise malrieu , jean - luc minel ( france ) seraphin , an automatic system for main sentences extraction matthew hurst ( uk ) parsing for targeted errors in controlled languages franklin cho ( usa ) implementing scrambling in korean : a principles and parameters approach akira utsumi ( japan ) how to interpret irony by computer : a comprehensive framework for irony martin simon ulmann ( switzerland ) decomposing german compound nouns jan schaake and geert - jan m . kruijff ( holland ) information states based analysis of dialogues galja angelova ( bulgaria ) , walter von hahn ( germany ) naive lexicon or cryptic formalismus ? user support in machine aided translation german rigau claramunt and eneko agirre ( spain ) a proposal for word sense disambiguation using conceptual distance chadia moghrabi , l . girard , m . s . eid ( canada ) chemistry : a new domain for a portable text generation system manfred kudlek ( germany ) some formal aspects of time , tense and aspect zaharin yusoff ( malaysia ) unification - like attribute operations in the string-tree correspondence grammar reserve project notes : marie christine villain , philippe trigano , jean deloire ( france ) intelligent textual database and automatic aquisition of word associations nigel collier ( uk ) contextual meta-knowledge acquisition from corpora organizing committee : ruslan mitkov iai saarbruecken / univ . of hamburg / inst . of mathematics - sofia manfred kudlek university of hamburg , germany michael zock limsi , orsay , france nikolai nikolov incoma , bulgaria victoria arranz ccl , umist , manchester , uk nicolas nicolov dept . of artificial intelligence , university of edinburgh , uk conference information : for further information please contact : prof . ruslan mitkov < mitkov @ informatik . uni-hamburg . de > or nicolas nicolov < nicolas @ edinburgh . aisb . ac . uk > conference venue : the conference will take place in hotel """""""" orpheus """""""" , tzigov chark , which accomodates up to 50 participants . we have chosen a small and cosy conference hotel to create a better and friendlier working and social environment : however this implies restrictions on the availability of single rooms and participants will be normally offered to share 2 - bed rooms . those interested in attending the conference are encouraged to register as early as possible . location and transportation : tzigov chark is situated on the shore of the beautiful batak lake in the western rhodope mountains and is 150km from sofia , the capital of bulgaria . the local organisers will provide a daily shuttle bus / conference taxi from sofia airport to the summer school location at an inexpensive rate . sofia is easily accessible by plane from most major european cities ( e . g . daily flights or several flights per week from london , frankfurt , paris , zurich , vienna and other european cities ) . there are also direct flights to sofia from north america ( new york , toronto ) and asia ( singapore , bangkok , kuala lumpur ) . in order to enable the local organisers to plan the shuttle service efficiently , please contact victoria arranz < victoria @ ccl . umist . ac . uk > with details about your journey ( arrival / departure time and date ) at least 2 weeks before you leave for the summer school . related events : conference participants are also invited to take part in the int . summer school """""""" contemporary topics in computational linguistics """""""" , which will take place immediately before the conference in the same hotel . further information about the conference can be obtained from : prof . r . mitkov < mitkov @ informatik . uni-hamburg . de > or nicolas nicolov < nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk > or you can have a look at the summer school www page at url : http : / / www . dai . ed . ac . uk / misc / nlp _ conf . html registration for the conference : kindly note that bank processing charges are at the expense of the participants and that registration after 1st august will incur a surcharge of 30 usd . international conference """""""" recent advances in natural language processing """""""" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration form name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration fee . . . . . : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 usd for industrial participants 140 usd for academic staff 100 usd for students accommodation + half-board : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 30 usd per day per person ) specify days - sept 1995 . : [ ] 13 , [ ] 14 , [ ] 15 , [ ] 16 , [ ] 17 additional charge for late registration . . . . : 30 usd ( after 1 august ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = total amount in usd sent . : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date of bank transfer . . . : 1995 bank transfer reference no : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to bank account ( tick one ) : [ ] bank . . . . : amex account no . : 00710 756 of first private bank pls , bulgaria instructions : for onward credit to first private bank , shoumen branch - nikolai nikolov account in usd : 95079620 4 1 00 2560 1 4 * or * [ ] bank . . . . : citibank new york account no . : 36015 992 of first private bank pls , bulgaria instructions : for onward credit to first private bank , shoumen branch - nikolai nikolov account in usd : 95079620 4 1 00 2560 1 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ send your registration forms to : nicolas nicolov dept of artificial intelligence university of edinburgh 80 south bridge , edinburgh eh1 1hn , uk fax : + 44-131 650 6516 phone : + 44-131 650 2727 e - mail : nicolas @ aisb . edinburgh . ac . uk
  """",0
  1560,""""Subject: disc : the parameter of aspect
   
   """""""" on the parameter of aspect """""""" this posting continues the fruitful exchange subsequent to the initial book review of c . smith 's 1991 """""""" the parameter of aspect """""""" . in a follow-up to that review , i noted an alternative to smith 's proposal involving a simpler binary parameter for aspect that was in part the basis for my 1995 dissertation on the biblical hebrew verbal system ( u of toronto ) . smith 's reply pointed out the apparent empirical disconfirmation by mandarin and navajo ( treated in her work among others ) ; and this is where we pick up the thread . i do not grant the traditional analysis of navajo and especially mandarin chinese that is the basis of the objection ; nor do i grant the traditional analysis of the """""""" oriental """""""" languages including burmese , japanese , and above all , biblical hebrew representing the classical semitic systems . the earliest layer of the quasi-consensus on tense , mood and aspect ( tma ) , flowing from comrie 1976 , 1985 to present , is the early 19th century """""""" orientalist """""""" framework that posits ( a ) """""""" tenseless """""""" languages or """""""" inflectional aspect """""""" systems , and ( b ) a definition of """""""" perfectivity """""""" based on the ambiguity inherent in the concept of """""""" completion """""""" ( global view as well as relative past tense ) ; on """""""" oriental """""""" and """""""" orientalism """""""" , see e . g . , e . said 's """""""" orientalism """""""" 1978 . i reject the orientalist framework and the analysis of semitic systems which was extended to other """""""" oriental """""""" systems , which was extended worldwide to at least half of the world 's systems ; i indirectly reject the traditional analysis of mandarin and navajo . to clarify and make the discussion more concrete , i offer an analysis of english in the orientalist framework ( * please * do not take this seriously as an analysis of english ) . english , as all reputable authorities agree , is """""""" tenseless """""""" : it encodes only """""""" aspect """""""" ( cf . slavic systems ) . not only do we find arrested development , but actual regression from the robust classical aryan tma systems . english has but one distinction : - ed vs - s / - 0 , respectively perfective and imperfective . the perfective signals """""""" completion """""""" vs the non-completion of the imperfective . the severely impoverished system of english signals the regression of the anglo - american mind ( witness reagan and thatcher , etc . , etc . ) . we note several key elements that underlie all traditional analyses of so-called """""""" tenseless """""""" languages . 1 ) tma is encoded morphologically on the greek model or not at all : the """""""" morphocentric fallacy . """""""" 2 ) the perfective is defined as relative past tense ( bypassing the revolution in aspectology in the second half of the 1800s ) : the """""""" aorist fallacy . """""""" 3 ) the relative hierarchy of languages , with greek and sanskrit on top , semitic near the bottom , and now the creoles on the bottom , related to the relative development of """""""" mind """""""" and tied to a particular pre - darwinian interpretation of evolutionary theory . english is not tenseless , nor is biblical hebrew or quranic arabic , nor is japanese , nor burmese , nor turkish , nor indeed mohawk or haitian creole . they do differ from the standard european systems : they systematically differ with respect to aspect in mirror-image fashion . this difference is insightfully captured by cowper 's strong claim for a simple binary parameter for aspect : a system default 's for an aspectual interpretation of its simple tense system , either perfective or non-perfective . the aspect not """""""" defaulted for """""""" is separately encoded ( cross-linguistically in a limited number of ways ) . european """""""" tense """""""" systems default for the non-perfective ( apparently the minority or marked option ) ; non - european """""""" tenseless """""""" systems default for the perfective as does english . i simply extrapolate to a strong claim for universal grammar : all systems encode tense ( past vs non-past ; i do not grant a """""""" future tense """""""" ) , and at least irrealis / realis ; and in addition the basic system is configured by the binary parameter for aspect . virtually all systems outside of the european sphere default for the perfective according to my studies ; and i assume that is the unmarked setting for ug . the major diagnostic among many is the ( non - ) obligatory expression of the progressive : the perfective default must separately encode the progressive . e . g . , mandarin must express the progressive by the zai v construction ( lit . """""""" at v """""""" ) : it defaults for the perfective . navajo and apparently the athabaskan family as a whole default for the non-perfective ( with algonquian systems , the only real pocket of european - like non-perfective defaulters ) . this work is summarized in my """""""" tenseless languages in light of an aspectual parameter for universal grammar : a preliminary cross - linguistic survey """""""" , forthcoming fall 1995 , toronto working papers in linguistics . this does not mean that individual lexica cannot increase the complexity of the system , nor that the many interactions between tma and lexical classes are not also parameterized . i ' m only talking about the basic configuration of the tma system for ug . smith is right to point to great complexity inherent in the systems she described in her last posting . re mandarin . the difficulty is what counts as """""""" inflection """""""" , and whether """""""" inflection """""""" is not infl of standard theorizing . i recognize mandarin - le as inflection ; but not - guo , - zhe ( smith does not mention v - ( yi - ) v , nor does she include v1-v2 compounds ) . the literature i use is divided on the morphosyntactic status of - guo . but - zhe , i think , does not in any way behave as """""""" inflection """""""" : see among many sources , li , thompson , """""""" the meaning and structure of complex sentences with - zhe in mandarin chinese """""""" jaos 96 . 4 ( 1976 ) . it certainly is not a """""""" progressive """""""" ; but is perhaps some sort of """""""" adjectivalization """""""" . re navajo . i think the jury is still out on these systems . but rice 's work on slave indicates the lexical nature of several classes of morphemes in the athabaskan verb complex . there is indeed a great deal of complexity here . and since athabaskan is really the only system that does not fall out naturally from my proposal , it deserves great attention . either the whole project falls through , or we learn something interesting about athabaskan systems , or the proposal gets modified in an interesting way : who knows . we learn nothing without strong claims . in summary : i reject any analysis that is """""""" tenseless """""""" ; and / or defines perfectivity in terms of relative past tense ( with comrie 1976 ) . these views embedded in the current consensus on tma can be easily traced to the early 1800s and the work on hebrew and arabic . i reject that early framework ( and the not-so - pretty cultural baggage that goes with it ) . in its place i place cowper 's binary aspectual parameter default , and extend the proposal not only to the other """""""" oriental """""""" systems but to a strong claim for ug 's tma system . according to my surveys , the only real problem is what to do with athabaskan systems : a project for the near future ( i hope ) . i note that many proposals under other approaches would benefit from the reduction and simplification of terms , concepts , etc . e . g . , bybee et al 's system can be streamlined ; and symmetries emerge that appear amenable to explanation . descriptive / typological work is put on a better footing as well . respectfully , vincent decaen c / o near eastern studies dept 4 bancroft ave . , 3d floor university of toronto toronto on m5s 1a1 canada or decaen @ epas . utoronto . ca
  """",0
  1561,""""Subject: tok masta - an addition to summary
   
   this mail is an addition to the summary of sources on tok masta , foreigner talk ( ? ) of new guinea , which i not long time ago . the message was not in - cluded in the summary , because of a few problems with my adress . it seems very relevant to the subject to me - thanks a lot to robert mannell < robert . mannell @ mq . edu . au """""""" > for sending it : > i do n't have any references , but when i was in papua new guinea in 1974 / 75 > i often heard this term . i spent several months trekking in the new guinea > central highlands . the term was sometimes used by local people in response > to hearing english being spoken and was sometimes used when tok pisin ( then > called tok pidgin ) was being spoken poorly by a native speaker of english . > in this second case the form of tok pisin being spoken was strongly > contaminated by australian english pronunciation and by the use of extra > english words which were not then current in tok pisin ( what effect this > had on the subsequent development of tok pisin vocabulary i do not know ) . > > to summarize : > tok masta = = english tok masta = = heavily anglicised tok pisin ( whic h may have sounded > like english to the local people ) you may recall > various studies of the english - creole continuum in > jamaica where """""""" broad """""""" creole speakers believed that > their somewhat anglicised creole was actually > english . > tok masta = = any other non - png language being spoken by a > european ( ? ? ? ) this is possible , but i do n't > recall ever hearing it used this way . > > other terms that i heard which also referred to english were : - > tok place bilong masta > place tok bilong masta > > """""""" tok place """""""" and """""""" place tok """""""" appeared to be used interchangeably and referred > to the local language at the place of birth of the person being referred to . > this term , when used generically , distinguished between the lingua franca , tok > pisin and the person 's own first language . therefore , it can be assumed that > the use of the term """""""" tok place bilong masta """""""" was intended to mean the language > spoken at the place of birth of the foreigner . > > the term """""""" masta """""""" was always a term that i had great difficulty with when i > was in png . on a number of occasions i asked local speakers what they thought > the word meant . in no cases did they associate the word with meanings similar > to the english word """""""" master """""""" and simply saw it as a term for male europeans or > """""""" white skins """""""" as they called us ( less formally ) . it may be that local people > working on plantations in areas such as new britain may have used the word > differently as in such regions the europeans were very much more in control . > in the central highlands the people were extremely independant . they did > have some experience of working for europeans however but in such cases the > correct term for their employer was usually """""""" boss """""""" or """""""" boss man """""""" ( a term > also used to refer to village elders ) . the term """""""" masta """""""" was reserved as a > generic term for all europeans , not just their employers . """""""" masta """""""" could be > used to refer to europeans in the abstract , to a particular group of europeans , > or ( in my experience , most commonly ) as a form of address to a specific > european ( eg i was often greeted as follows : - """""""" api nun masta """""""" = > """""""" good afternoon < masta > """""""" ) > > i hope this is of some use to you . > > regards > > dr robert h . mannell > speech , hearing and language research centre > macquarie university > sydney , nsw , 2109 , australia . > e-mail : robert . mannell @ mq . edu . au
  """",0
  1562,""""Subject: 
   
   mitwpl is happy to announce the publication of two new volumes ! scil vi , proceedings of the sixth annual student conference in linguistics , university of rochester , new york . chris giordano and daniel ardron ( eds ) . mit working papers in linguistics # 23 . 336 pp , $ 12 + p / h ( $ 2 in us , else $ 3 ) . mitwpl , 20d-219 mit , cambridge , ma , 02139 , usa - mitwpl @ mit . edu . babyonyshev , m , r fein , j ganger & s avrutin ; bakovic , e ; boster , c tenny ; brown , k leigh ; buering , d ; dimitriadis , a ; elordieta , g ; han , e ; hartmann , k & d buering ; jimenez , m - l ; lee , s ; lopez , l ; nunes , j ; oshita , h ; poulin , c ; ramos - santacruz , m ; ura , h ; varlokosta , s . formal approaches to japanese linguistics 1 , proceedings of the may 1994 mit conference . mit working papers in linguistics # 24 , masatoshi koizumi and hiroyuki ura ( eds ) . 411 pp , $ 15 + p / h ( $ 2 in us , else $ 3 ) . send checks to mitwpl , 20d-219 mit , cambridge , ma , 02139 , usa . e-mail : mitwpl @ mit . edu aikawa , t ; aoyagi , h ; brockett , c ; dubinsky , s ; endo , y ; kato , y ; kawashima , r ; kikuchi , a , m oishi , & n yusa ; kimura , n ; kitahara , h ; koizumi , m ; nakamura , a ; nakayama , m ; saito , m ; sakai , h ; sohn , k - w ; tsujimura , n ; ura , h ; venditti , j & h yamashita ; watanabe , s .
  """",0
  1563,""""Subject: summary : polish phonology
   
   not too long ago i posted a request for polish informants who were also linguists in the hope of getting some quick responses to some questions about polish phonology which are not fully addressed in the literature . the response has been tremendous . since the details may not be of interest , and since i am not sure if all respondents want their names used , i will summarize as follows : most respondents report having a contrast between the sequences [ k ' e ] and [ kje ] as well as [ g ' e ] and [ gje ] , where by [ k ' ] and [ g ' ] i mean a fronted velar probably not quite as front as ipa [ c ] , though . a minority of respondents report no contrast , which is apparently the result of a very recent and presumably spreading sound change . of those speakers who do have the contrast , most report also having a similar contrast between [ x ' e ] and [ xje ] sequences , although one or two do not . it is this last contrast , [ x ' e ] vs . [ xje ] ( both distinct also from [ xe ] ) which is of special interest because in attested forms it only appears before one suffix , a rather peculiar one at that . the suffix is spelled - ewicz and it forms last names such as stankiewicz or banachiewicz . it is also clear that such names come from eastern poland , and that the [ x ' e ] pronunciation is thus a borrowing into standard polish from some eastern dialects and ultimately from east slavic ( belorussian / ukrainian ) . synchronically , however , it is a genuine contrast and one of special interest to those phonologists who are interested in the universals governing the possible systems of contrasts ( e . g . , in lexical phonology 's structure preservation , ) . great thanks to everybody who has responded so far . once i verify whether i am authorized to publicize people 's names i will post a """""""" nonymous """""""" acknowledgement . any additional information on this topic would be welcome . alexis mr
  """",0
  1564,""""Subject: < ot > programme tilburg conference
   
   derivational residue in phonology program tilburg university conference on the derivational residue in phonology 5 - 7 october 1995 october 5 1995 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 : 00-11 : 00 rene kager ( ots , utrecht ) surface opacity of metrical structure in optimality theory 11 : 00-12 : 00 c . orhan orgun ( u . c . berkeley ) a declarative theory of phonology - morphology interleaving 13 : 00-14 : 00 nancy ritter ( new york university ) a non - derivational approach to compensatory lengthening 14 : 00-15 : 00 laura benua ( university of massachusetts ) identity effects in morphological truncation 15 : 30-16 : 30 chris golston ( heinrich - heine - universitaet duesseldorf ) against syllabification 16 : 30-17 : 30 stuart davies ( indiana university ) some matters regarding the derivational residue october 6 1995 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 : 00-11 : 00 mark hewitt and patricia a . shaw ( university of british columbia ) cyclicity in ot : double reduplication in st ' at ' imcets 11 : 00-12 : 00 caroline r . wiltshire ( university of florida ) abandoning the lexical / postlexical derivation : an argument from syllabification 13 : 00-14 : 00 geert booij ( vrije universiteit amsterdam ) lexical phonology and the derivational residue 14 : 00-15 : 00 mary bradshaw ( ohio state university ) unrecoverable origins 15 : 30-16 : 30 mark verhijde ( ots ) derivedness and optimality theory 16 : 30-17 : 30 eugene buckley ( university of pennsylvania ) cyclicity and correpsondence october 7 1995 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 : 00-11 : 00 matthew chen ( ucsd ) directionality : constraints on derivation ? 11 : 00-12 : 00 san duanmu ( university of michigan ) alignment and the cycle are different 13 : 00-14 : 00 john alderete ( university of massachusetts ) faithfulness to prosodic heads 14 : 00-15 : 00 charles reiss ( harvard & boston university ) stepwise assimilation and optimality theory 15 : 30-16 : 30 r . ruth roberts - kohno ( ohio state university ) derivationalism in kikamba vowel hiatus phenomena 16 : 30-17 : 30 bruce hayes ( ucla ) post - nasal voicing in phonetically driven optimality theoretic phonology alternates - - - - - - - - - krisztina polgardi ( hil , leiden ) derived environment effects and optimality theory k . g . vijayakrishnan ( hyderabad ) phonological rule application at the word level organisation - - - - - - - - - - - participants ( except for speakers ) are expected to pay a fee of 50 dutch guilders . preregistration ( with m . voostendorp @ kub . nl or b . j . h . hermans @ kub . nl ) is preferred but not required . since there will be an international ice hockey tournament in tilburg during the week of the conference , most hotels are already overbooked and it is advisable for participants from abroad to get in touch with us as soon as possible .
  """",0
  1565,""""Subject: re : 6 . 959 , disc : he / she
   
   my message 6 . 959 , disc he / she , that was posted this past week , demonstrates that orthographical thorns do not send . i have replaced them with th - . also , middle english or piers plowman scholars who would like more lines from piers and the pronoun paradigms , please e-mail me . also , can someone summarize the patridominance in language theory of catherine callaghan ? + + + + + + + [ former post with thorns replaced ] dear linguist list subscribers , for the continuing discussion of the pronouns , i have some lines of data from the 17 manuscripts of the a - version of piers plowman . they can generally be said to be representative of 15th century usage . is it not strongly suggested in the lines that """""""" proverbial he """""""" , and perhaps the """""""" original """""""" morphology of the so called """""""" generic-he """""""" , was feminine , not masculine ? what a strange thing to say ! can this be accurate ? looking at the middle english pronouns , using the modern paradigm to evaluate them , is misleading and inconclusive . when the development of middle english """""""" his """""""" or """""""" him """""""" is evaluated without taking into consideration their development from old english morphology , much of the story is lost - - that these two """""""" masculine """""""" forms were also neuter , and in this later sense ( """""""" not one or the other """""""" ) , served well for the indefinite singular - - by way of development from the oe masculine / neuter obliques ; and the feminine forms were morphologically related to the plural . in the following lines , the h-stem subject is the feminine ( / plural ) , not the masculine . am i wrong ? ( playing for a moment the devil 's advocate ) do n't these lines below fly in the face of feminist theory as it sees the """""""" he """""""" """""""" stealing cognitive space """""""" , whereas in fact , they are feminine forms ? i would like to have some feminist theory input about these lines of evidence . if so-goes - the-language , so-goes - the-culture ( a la whorf ) , what can we make of the """""""" hers """""""" = """""""" theirs """""""" identity found widespread in middle english morpholgy , and what can we say about the """""""" proverbial he """""""" in the following being feminine ? is there anybody strong in feminist theory , particulary a feminist him - / herself , who can discuss this in the general forum ? is my understanding correct that feminist history sees the h-stem feminine as having dropped from living english by 1300 ? please help . do not hesitate to contact me personally about any aspects of this , pro , con , or indifferent . lines from piers ( * = unavailable character ) passus iii line 229 a ch and he that gripeth gifts , so [ ? ] god helpe , d and ho so gripeth here gifts , so me god helpe , e thai that grypith such gifts , sa me god helpe , h but he that gripeth siche 3eftis , so me god helpe , h2 and he that grypes here gifts , so me god helpe , h3 j and he that gripith mede , so me god helpe , k and thay thatat grepyn her gifts , so me god helpe , l and ho that gripeth heore 3eftes , so me god helpe , m and 3e that grypit here 3iftis , so me god helpe , n and he that gripeth 3e gift , so me god helpe , r and he that grypyt 3oure gifts , so me god helpe , t and he that gripith here gifts , so me god helpe , u and he that gripeth here gold , so me god helpe , v and heo that 3iftus heore gifts , so me god helpe , w he that gripeth here 3eftes , so me god helpe passus iii line 230 a schul ab * e [ abide ] it full bitterly or ellis the bok lyeth ch shal ab * e bitterly or the bok lie * th d shal ab * e it bitterly or the bok lyeth e sall ab * e it full bytter as the buke tellis h he schal abigge it bitterly or ellis the bok li * eth h2 shal ab * e it biterly or the bok lyeth h3 shal ab * e it bitterly or the bok li * eth j schulun abugge wel bitterly or the bok lyeth k schallen abigge hit wel bitterly or the bok lyeth l shal ab * e hit wel bytter or ellis the bok lyeth m scholyn abiggyn wol bytter or the bok liet n shal ab * e hit wel bitterly ar the bok lyeth r shal ab * e ful bitterly or the bok lyes t shal ab * ie it bitterly or the bok li * eth u shal ab * e ful bitere or the bok lyes v thei schullen abugge bitterly or the bok li * eth w shal ab * e it bitterly or the bok ly
  """",0
  1566,""""Subject: summary
   
   dear all , i send you a summary of the answers i got for my query on spanish corpora . my apologies for the repetitions : i have n't got the time to really """""""" summarize """""""" . ta . yours , albert llorens spanish - english development group incyta , s . a . c . lluis muntadas 5 08940 cornella de llobregat barcelona spain e-mail : albert @ incyta . es _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ there 's a cd-rom edited by the european corpus initiative which includes a number of texts in several european languages . among others it includes cee law in spanish , english and portugese , or a xerox manual in english and spanish . a somewhat more detailed account of the contents of this cd-rom follows : european corpus initiative corpora available on cd-rom : eci1 / mul06 / msp06 / spa16a : information technology , eu , 26 , 000 words eci1 / spa02a - j : el diario sur , local newspaper from malaga , belongs to national publisher , in existence for 40 years . different writing styles , 500 , 000 words . eci2 / mul04 / msp04a - j : telecommunication user manual , several 100 , 000 words . eci2 / mul09 / spa19a : xerox scanworx user manual , 45 , 000 words . eci2 / mul12 / msp12 / msp12a - c : civil law , switzerland , 600 , 000 words . eci4 / spa03 : minimally processed by eci ; contains errors and duplication but the clean and fc files seem to be clean . el diario vasco , newspaper clean files , news , few errors , 300 , 000 words fc files , 177 , 000 words _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ apart from the eci cd-rom there are the following corpora available : ftp lola . lllf . uam . es / pub / corpus / argentina 2 million words / pub / corpus / chile 2 millions words fernando sanchez leon , laboratorio de linguistica informatica : the crater project : itu corpus in the process of postediting . trilingual ( french / english / spanish ) corpus has more than 3 million words and is the so-called """""""" white book on telecommunications """""""" released by the international telecommunications union . fernando et al are working with a 1 - million word subcorpus , which will also be postedited . this corpus , along with the tagger developed for its tagging and all the resources associated with the tagger will be in the public domain in october 1995 . there is a lexicon with + 35 , 000 words ( full forms , not lemmas ) , part-of - speech annotated , that can be used as a starting point in lexicon-building tasks . the national newspaper abc has just released a cd-rom with last year 's literary supplement that can be purchased for under $ 50 . + 4 million words of clean , high-quality written text . archivo digital de manuscritos y textos espa = a4oles available on cd-rom . charles faulhaber , dept . of spanish & portuguese , u of california , berkeley . the eu multext project of collecting a corpus which will contain parallel texts from the european parliament and financial newspaper articles ( spanish from expansion newspaper ) . still finalizing licence agreements for these data . the relator language resources server , supports distribution of nlp resources . currently available through relator speech and text corpora , lexicons , nlp programs and tools , and related databases and systems . ftp : / / de . relator . research . ec . org / relator afs : / / afs / research . ec . org / projects / relator multilingual web pages : http : / / www . xx . relator . research . ec . org ( xx = 3dtwo - letter country codes of the eu countries such as de , uk , etc . ) only speech materials . briscoe et al paper reports a 17 , 000 - word tagged corpus . ( this is all the info i have on this paper . ) ftp : / / parcftp . xerox . com / pub / tagger spanish tagger , implemented in common lisp . comes with documentation , works very well . if you need to install common lisp to run it , several good free implementations at http : / / www . cs . rochester . edu / users / staff / miller / alu . html . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a last report . > 1 . / pub / corpus / : a . oral corpus of spanish ( 7 mb , about 2 , 000 , 000 words ) > b . some written corpora of south american spanish > > 2 . the lds is the best source , but joining costs money . > > 3 . the oxford text archive > 13 banbury road > oxford ox2 6nn > fax : + 44 865 273275 > > catalogue of over 1300 titles , available in paper > or electronic form on the oxford vax cluster as ox $ doc : textarchive . list and > ox $ textarchive . sgml , from various listservers , e . g . , listserv @ brownvm ( send > the mail message get humanist filelist for details ) , by anonymous ftp from > internet site ota . ox . ac . uk ( 163 . 1 . 2 . 4 ) in the directory pub / ota / public . > also , wherever you are , you can send a note to archive @ vax . oxford . ac . uk > specifying which form you want . > > spanish > > a . literary works , poems . > > 4 . 1066108 words ( approx . ) > origin : grupo eurotra , universidad autonoma de madrid > contact : manuel campos , eurotrac @ ccuam3 . sdi . uam . es or > fernando sanchez leon , laboratorio de l > available : publically via anonymous ftp , node lola . lllf . uam . es , > directory pub / corpus > contents : transcriptions of spoken language ( conferences , conversations , etc . ) > > 5 . 121051 words ( approx . ) > origin : childes ( child language data exchange system ) database , carnegie mellon > univ . > contact : brian macwhinney , brian @ andrew . cmu . edu > available : publically , previous communication with brian macwhinney > contents : database of corpora of parent-child and child-child interactions > from children speaking . > > 6 . 9 , 000 , 000 words ( approx . ) > origin : this is the european corpus initiative multilingual corpus i cd-rom > cost : 20 pounds > contact : eucorp @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk > available : all use of this corpus is subject to a licence agreement > the cd-rom is available in the us from the linguistic data consortium ( ldc ) , > for members of the ldc or those making a bulk purchase , and otherwise from > elsnet , 2 buccleuch place , edinburgh eh8 9lw , scotland . the cost from elsnet > is 20 uk pounds plus postage , handling and tax where applicable . ordering > procedure is detailed in > > http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / elsnet / eci . html > > 7 . university of barcelona : spoken corpus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",0
  1567,""""Subject: jobs in japanese and chinese
   
   the university of otago ( dunedin , new zealand ) invites applications for the following positions in japanese and chinese . interested people should contact the person designated in the advertisements that follow , not the messenger . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( a ) lecturer / senior lecturer in japanese applications are invited for the position of lecturer / senior lecturer in japanese within the school of languages . applicants should have native or near-native fluency in both japanese and english ; experience in teaching advanced japanese to english - speaking students at tertiary level ; and research and teaching expertise in either japanese linguistics , or in a field of japanese literature , film , and / or drama . in addition , candidates will need the following : for appointment to a senior lectureship , a phd together with a substantial record of publications ; and for a lectureship , a completed or near-completed phd . the successful applicant will be responsible for teaching japanese language and topics relating to the area of his or her expertise at appropriate levels . the appointee will also be expected to pursue and supervise research in the area of their expertise . appointment will be at an appropriate step on the lecturer 's scale , $ nz37 , 440 - $ nz45 , 448 per annum , or the senior lecturer 's scale , $ nz46 , 800 - nz $ 67080 . the position is available from 1 december 1995 , and it is hoped that the successful applicant will be able to assume responsibilities as close as possible to that date . specific enquiries may be directed to professor a . g . fox , head , school of languages , university of otago , ( fax no ( 64 ) ( 3 ) 479-8689 ; e-mail agfox @ gandalf . otago . ac . nz ) , or from the registrar , mr d . w . girvan , university of otago , p . o . box 56 , dunedin , new zealand ( fax no ( 64 ) ( 3 ) 474 1607 ) . applications quoting reference number a / close with the registrar on 31 august 1995 . equal opportunity in employment is university policy . ( b ) lecturer in chinese applications are invited for the position of lecturer in chinese within the school of languages . applicants should have native or near-native fluency in both chinese and english , and experience of teaching chinese at tertiary level . ability to lecture fluently in english is essential . in addition , candidates should have a completed or near-completed phd in an area of chinese language , literature , or culture , together with a record of research publications . preference may be given to candidates with expertise in classical chinese . the successful applicant will be responsible for teaching courses in chinese language and civilization at undergraduate level , in the first instance . the appointee will also be expected to pursue research in the area of his or her expertise . appointment will be at an appropriate step on the lecturer 's scale , $ nz37 , 440 - $ nz45 , 448 per annum . the position is available from 1 february 1996 , and it is hoped that the successful applicant will be able to assume responsibilities as close as possible to that date . specific enquiries may be directed to professor a . g . fox , head , school of languages , university of otago , ( fax no ( 64 ) ( 3 ) 479-8689 ; e-mail agfox @ gandalf . otago . ac . nz ) , or from the registrar , mr d . w . girvan , university of otago , p . o . box 56 , dunedin , new zealand ( fax no ( 64 ) ( 3 ) 474 1607 ) . applications quoting reference number a / close with the registrar on 31 august 1995 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  1568,""""Subject: job announcement
   
   job announcement department of foreign languages and literatures national chiao tung university hsinchu , taiwan , roc the department plans to fill a number of teaching positions in the following fields : 1 . anglo - american literature , literature and film , identity politics or postcolonialism . 2 . computational linguistics , cognitive science , phonology or phonetics . appointees will be required to conduct individual and collaborative research , teach specialized as well as language proficiency courses ( including translation ) , participate in curriculum development . and perform some administrative duties . candidates must have ph . d . degrees by the time of appointment , which is scheduled for august , 1995 . appointments will be made at the ranks of assistant professorship ( pending government approval ) , associate professorship , or professorship . salaries wil be based on the government pay scale , and commensurate with qualifications and experience . letters of application , brief statements of current reserach , c . v ( including names , addresses , telephone or fax numbers of 3 referees ) should be sent to : professor ying - hsiung - chou chair , dept . of foreign lang . & lit . 1001 ta hsueh road , hsinchu taiwan 30050 , roc for inquiry , please contact the department : telephone : 886-35 - 712121 ext . 58100 fax : 886-35 - 726037 email : cptsai @ cc . nctu . edu . tw deadline of application : feb . 28 , 1995 .
  """",0
  1569,""""Subject: re : 6 . 943 , disc : non - decimal counting systems
   
   members may be interested in the work of dr glendon lean ( a past colleague of mine in png ) who passed away in march this year after recording his work of 22 years on the counting systems of papua new guinea and oceania . he documented in 24 appendices ( bound in four volumes ) counting systems of over 883 languages , most of which were not a simple base 10 cycle . on top of this , his thesis also suggested that the origins of counting systems are to be found in indigenous cultures and while they were spread they may have also spontaneously developed . he included records of body tally systems in which numbers were also used for parts of the body in an orderly system ; cycles of every number up to ten except seven and nine ( i think from memory ) with many having secondary cycles . he covered austronesian languages and papuan languages . printed copies of the volumes of appendices are available from chris wilkins , dept . of mathematics and statistics , png university of technology , lae , private mail bag , papua new guinea . professor alan bishop , education , monash university melbourne is also able to assist with information on this . i am hoping to look at some further mathematical connections in languages in east timor . if anyone has any information on this , could you please email me . thank you , dr kay owens , faculty of education , university of western sydney , macarthur , po box 555 , campbelltown , nsw 2560 australia .
  """",0
  1570,""""Subject: re : struck out by nomo
   
   the symbol k was used in early baseball box scores , indicating that the batter had struck out . this abbreviation was probably originated around 1850 by henry chadwick who """""""" introduced the newspaper box score so that one player 's performance could be fairly measured against another 's . """""""" chadwick was a british born newspaperman who is described in ken burns ' baseball as baseball 's """""""" chief arbiter , publicist , and goad """""""" who was the country 's first baseball editor , working for the new york clipper and for the brooklyn eagle for nearly fifty years . he also wrote chadwick 's baseball manual that standardized the rules , etc . of the early game . ( this information comes from my baseball informant , chris hakala , and the narrative transcript of geoffrey ward & ken burns ' _ baseball _ published by knopf , 1994 . ) john limber department of psychology university of new hampshire , durham nh 03824 , usa email : john . limber @ unh . edu fax ( 603 ) - 862-4986
  """",0
  1571,""""Subject: re : banning of german
   
   while flipping through random books at the linguistics library , i fell over something that would be interesting to this discussion . i have n't been following this thread , so this might have been mentioned before . i found a reference to the us supreme court reports , 1922 october term , meyer vs . nebraska , p . 392 - - 403 in steinberg ( 1993 ) an introduction to psycholinguistics , longman . i ' ll quote the passage in full , as it is so well written . it 's in the beginning of chapter 8 . """""""" in may of 1920 , in hamilton county , nebraska , a rural area of the united states , a teacher , mr robert meyer , was arrested for violating state law . mayer had been teaching bible stories in german at zion parochial school to a 10 - year-old boy . nebraska law forbade the teaching of a second language to children under the age of 13 . not only nebraska but 21 other states as well prohibited the teaching of foreign languages , except 'd ead ' languages such as latin and greek . according to nebraska 's 1919 siman act , ' no person . . . shall teach any subject to any person in any language other than the english language . languages other than english may be taught only after a pupil shall have . . . passed the eighth grade . . . . any person who violates any of the provisions of this act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and , upon conviction , shall be subject to a fine of not less than twenty-five dollars ( $ 25 ) , nor more than one hundred dollars ( $ 100 ) or be confined in the county jail for any period not exceeding thirty days for each offense . ' if found guilty , meyer could have been fined or even sent to jail . the states had passed these laws essentially with the german language as the target , america had just finished a war with germany and there was a hatred of germany and things german , particularly its military values , ideals and political institutions . the law reflected the widespread belief that the german language was the embodiment of all that was evil in german culture and that to teach such a language to young americans would be immoral and corrupting . meyer decided to appeal his case to the supreme court of the state of nebraska . ironically , lawyers for the state of nebraska took essentially the position presented in the german language by the german philosopher , wilhelm von humboldt , in 1836 . that is , a language by its very nature represents the spirit and national character of a people . if this were true , then by teaching them the grammar , structure and vocabulary of the german language , meyer could indeed have been harming american children by making them into german militarists right there on the plains of nebraska . the nebraska supreme court denied meyer 's appeal , but meyer did not submit . he then took his case to the highest court in the country , the united states supreme court , where he won his case . that court overturned his conviction and declared unconstitutional all laws in the united states which forbade the teaching of a foreign language . in its 1922 ruling the court stated as one basis for its decision . ' mere knowledge of the german language cannot reasonably be regarded as harmful . ' we see in this story that a seemingly purely theoretical issue can have very practical consequences in everyday life . in making a legal decision on the matter , the court also made a psycholinguistic decision , on the relationship of language , thought and culture . was the court correct ? it is this question that we shall now consider . '
  """",0
  1572,""""Subject: on language and separatism
   
   on linguist vol-6 - 955 , jelly julia ( julia @ let . rug . nl ) says : """""""" basque and catalan separatism is not based on language . why do we never hear """""""" anything about galician separatism on the iberian peninsula ? galician is a """""""" language very different from spanish ( and not so different from portuguese ) . """""""" the name of the region is galicia and is part of spain . galician is a language """""""" much older than spanish itself : it was used for poetry and by the kings in """""""" ancient times . still , we do not hear a lot about galician separatism . neither """""""" do we hear anything about leonese separatism , aragonese separatism , andalusian """""""" separatism , simply because it does not exist . separatism on the peninsula has """""""" nothing to do with language . it has everything to do with historic rights of """""""" old kingdoms . galician separatism exists . it just simply does n't reach the news because galician separatists ( a minority ) have n't killed people , even though they ' ve tried to on a couple of occasions . on the contrary , galician separatists ( and federalists ) have been killed by the spanish army and police ( during franco 's uprising and regime ) . there are galician separatists in the jails of the spanish kingdom . the spiral of stret and institutional violence is benefitial to the western democratic states . separatism in the iberian peninsula , as elsewhere , has to do with the way peoples view ( or are led to view ) their own identity in opposition to other identities . language is most often , if not always , an issue . as for galiza , to the extent that the spanish state is able to keep the lid on the language issue by taming the language of galiza ( portuguese ) and turning it into a domestic """""""" galician """""""" , no problem - - galiza won't reach the news . galiza , as many other minorized cultures of the world , is caught between two states : spain and portugal . what the kingdom of spain and , particularly , its representatives in galiza ( the majority of the local political and intellectual elites ) can't cope with is the fact that another state 's language , portuguese , is spoken ( and written as such , by a small fraction of the elites ) within spanish territory . legislative , administrative , and judicial measures have been taken to silence some intellectuals , writers , and teachers who support , with rational arguments , the view that """""""" galician """""""" is just a set of regional and social varieties of portuguese , and therefore it should be written with the portuguese orthography . these acts of actual repression , discrimination and censorship by the mechanisms of the spanish state do n't reach the news either . the situation of the """""""" language question """""""" in galiza nowadays is the furthest one could imagine from a civilized , technical and political debate on how to articulate and reconcile galician identity / ies with galiza 's language . it is discouraging and worrisome to see how the term """""""" reintegrationist """""""" , which refers to those who seek the effective recognition of galician as a part of its natural linguistic domain , portuguese , is being thrown around as an insult in public and academic discourse . i should clarify that the separatist / reintegrationist lines intersect each other . that is , there are galician separatists or nationalists who are reintegrationists and use the portuguese orthography , and then there are other separatists and nationalists who are very happy with the institutionally-supported view of galician as a """""""" separate language """""""" to be written , however , with a spanish - based orthography . in the meantime , galician portuguese is being learned less and less as a first language . but that 's not the real issue . celso alvarez - caccamo lxalvarz @ udc . es
  """",0
  1573,""""Subject: sum : had better
   
   dear linguists , on behalf of my friend , i asked you to check the sentences about _ had better not _ , _ had better not _ , etc . here are his summary below . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * at the end of may , i raised a query about the acceptability of the following sentences . ( 1 ) you had n't better stay here tonight . ( 2 ) you had not better stay here tonight . ( 3 ) a : i promise i ' ll pay you back . b : you better had . to my surprise , soon after my posting , i got as many as 64 reposes . thank you very much for answering my query . i had n't expected so may people were interested on this matter . i think i should mention all the names and e-mail addresses , but there are far too many to mention . if you feel this is inadequet , please email to prof . tanaka to write your names on the list . i will immediately prepare for writing your names . the result of the inquiry is as follows : ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ok 10 0 12 ? 15 5 3 * 39 59 49 about two thirds of the respondents refused these usages and i can also add that these usages varies geometrically , especially british english , it seemed to me . i also asked for a few sentences using _ it ( or this ) had better . . . examples ( 4 ) , ( 5 ) and ( 6 ) below are typical instances of _ had better _ with inanimate subjects : ( 4 ) it had better not rain tomorrow or we can't got to the beach . ( 5 ) i spent all day working on the tv . it had better work now . ( 6 ) joe : i can explain why i am late . jane : this had better be good some people say that _ this had better be good _ is a cliche and in ( 6 ) it implies the speaker kas expectations that the excuse will be fanciful or just plain untrue . i would like to thank again to all the people who reponded . if you had any comments on this matter , please email through prof . tanaka to me . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * best wishes , hiroaki tanaka , associate professor , tokushima university , japan hiro-t @ ias . tokushima-u . ac . jp
  """",0
  1574,""""Subject: email address ? ? ?
   
   dear linguists , does anyone know where can i get the email addresses of all ( or some ) the linguistics graduate schools in the us ? thanks for your kindly help sherman `
  """",0
  1575,""""Subject: query : chomsky 's """""""" single mutation """"""""
   
   on page 43 of his 1977 paper ` language origin theories ' , in duane rumbaugh 's book _ language learning by a chimpanzee _ , gordon hewes asserts that chomsky has explicitly attributed the human language faculty to a single genetic mutation in our ancestors . he gives as his source """""""" chomsky ( 1967 ) """""""" , but , exasperatingly , neither this work nor any other work by chomsky is listed in his bibliography , nor is it obvious what work he might have been citing . can anyone point me to any places in chomsky 's writings ( or , indeed , in anyone else 's writings ) in which such a suggestion is explicitly made ? all i ' ve been able to find is chomsky 's repeated suggestions that our language faculty might have arisen as a by-product of other developments and hence as something not subject to natural selection , but that 's not quite the same thing . larry trask cogs university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh england larryt @ cogs . susx . ac . uk
  """",0
  1576,""""Subject: ernest scatton
   
   hi . does anybody have an internet address of ernest scatton ? the bitnet address that i have ( escatton @ albnyvms . bitnet or equivalently escatton @ albnyvms ) is out of reach for my node . please send the answer to my personal address : bertinet @ sns . it thanks for your help . pier marco bertinetto scuola normale superiore , pisa
  """",0
  1577,""""Subject: query repetitions
   
   i am writing for a graduate student who is not on the list . please send any answers directly to him . his address is at the end of the message . he 's interested in speakers ' noncorrective repetitions ( including paraphrases ) of their interlocutors ' utterances and utterance fragments , especially in educational contexts . if you know of any work on this subject or if have any hypotheses , please write to marinus stephan at stephan . 15 @ postbox . acs . ohio-state . edu . michael newman asst . professor of educational linguistics dept . of educational theory & practice the ohio state university
  """",0
  1578,""""Subject: case studies needed
   
   dear colleagues , i ' m preparing to teach an introductory course in language variation , and i 'd like to get your help ( again ) . could you recommend any case studies , either from published sources or from your own experience , that would be appropriate for class discussion ? what i ' m looking for in a case study is a description of a real situation , preferably a somewhat controversial one . ideally , it would include some background information , a description of the conflicts involved , the sequence of events up to a point where a decision is needed , and a description of the actual decision taken . since the course is on language variation , relevant case studies would include anecdotes on discrimination in the workplace or in the educational system because of language choice or dialect choice , or cases involving difficult decisions in language planning or language legislation . i ' ve never used case studies before , so advice and comments are also welcome ! my address is mkuha @ silver . ucs . indiana . edu thanks for your help . mai kuha
  """",0
  1579,""""Subject: sum : glosses with latex
   
   i got quite a number of replies to my query about latex style packages for linguistic glosses . the most widely used and perhaps best solutions ( my humble opinion ! ) are : covingtn . sty gb4e . sty , including cgloss . sty , a derivative of covingtn . sty both packages are available on ctan - servers ( latex users probably know what / where that is , otherwise try e . g . ftp . dante . de or www . dante . de ) . gb4e . sty redefines circumflexes and underline which may not be desired ( e . g . if you use esperant . sty ) . hope this information is useful . martin haase - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dr . martin haase mhaase @ dsouni1 . rz . uni-osnabrueck . de universitaet osnabrueck fb 7 phone : ( + 49 541 ) 969-4340 de-49069 osnabrueck fax : ( + 49 541 ) 969-4256 http : / / hal . cl-ki . uni-osnabrueck . de / ^ haase / ( ^ = tilde = % 7e ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  1580,""""Subject: sum : recursos para el espanol ( spanish resources )
   
   aqui envio un resumen de respuestas acerca de recursos linguisticos existentes para el espanol . here i send a summary of answers about available spanish resources . gracias a / thanks to : gerardo arrarte fernando sanchez leon ruthanna barnett alice carlberger rodrigo santurio james l . fidelholtz cesar romani joerge koch jose l . rodrigo martin beaumont franowsky steve halmreich eduardo a . martinez labrada mon alameda erik oltmans . . . and many more - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - el instituto cervantes , ente pu ' blico espan ~ ol dedicado principalmente a la difusio ' n en el mundo de la lengua espan ~ ola y de la cultura de los pueblos de habla hispana , lleva a cabo diversas actividades destinadas a fomentar la investigacio ' n de la lengua espan ~ ola . entre otras actividades relacionadas con el campo de la tecnologi ' a lingu """""""" i 's tica , estamos poniendo en marcha una oficina cuyo objetivo sera ' la promocio ' n de las industrias de la lengua aplicadas al espan ~ ol . para ello , se ha considerado esencial realizar una labor de recogida y diseminacio ' n de informacio ' n sobre actividades en curso y recursos lingu """""""" i 's ticos disponibles en distintos centros de investigacio ' n . hasta el momento , hemos realizado una encuesta sobre corpus de espan ~ ol existentes o en desarrollo en centros de investigacio ' n espan ~ oles , y hemos recogido los datos resultantes de esta encuesta en un informe de 56 pa ' ginas que tendre ' mucho gusto en hacerte llegar . en el futuro , esta ' previsto ampliar este inventario con datos correspondientes a otros tipos de recursos lingu """""""" i 's ticos , asi ' como con los procedentes de proyectos en marcha en otros pai 's es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : gerardo arrarte carriquiry : e - mail : : : programas de tecnologia linguistica : g . arrarte @ cervantes . es : : instituto cervantes : : : libreros , 23 : tel : + 34 1 885 62 03 : : e-28801 alcala de henares ( madrid ) : fax : + 34 1 883 50 10 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - el corpus itu est ' a disponible en el corpus de eci ( european corpus initiative ) , que puede conseguirse a trav ' es de la elsnet . la direcci ' on es la siguiente : email : elsnet @ let . ruu . nl mail : ots , trans 10 , 3512 jk , utrecht , the netherlands tel : + 31 30 53 6039 fax : + 31 30 53 6000 www : http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / elsnet / home . html es un corpus triling """""""" ue ( espa ~ nol , ingl ' es , franc ' es ) . la versi ' on que estamos elaborando nosotros incluye etiquetado morfosint ' actico , corregido a mano , de 1 mill ' on de palabras del corpus . esta versi ' on estar ' a en el dominio p ' ublico a partir de octubre de este a ~ no . asimismo , la versi ' on espa ~ nola del etiquetador de xerox estar ' a tambi ' en en el dominio p ' ublico en esa fecha . en nuestro laboratorio tenemos otros corpus , como habr ' as visto en la lista corpora ( te incluyo parte de un anuncio en ingl ' es ) : there are some spanish corpora that you can retrieve from our laboratory . they are all documented . the corpora can be downloaded from the following address : host : lola . lllf . uam . es login : anonymous password : < send your e-mail address > at this moment , we have a corpus of spoken spanish in orthographic transcription directory : pub / corpus / oral and a corpus of written spanish texts from argentine and chile directory : pub / corpus / argentina pub / corpus / chile all the corpora include texts in one of the topics you are interested in . note that the oral corpus is compressed using unix command ' compress ' while the other two are . zip files produced with dos compress utilities ( take a look at readme files ) . fernando sanchez leon fsanchez @ ccuam3 . uam . es - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - nota : mas informacion sobre el tagger de xerox se puede conseguir en : consortium for lexical research email : lexical @ crl . nmsu . edu ftp : / / clr . nmsu . edu ftp directory : members-only / tools / ling-analysis / syntax / xerox-tagger / this part-of - speech tagger , designed by doug cutting and jan pederson at xerox , was written in ansi common lisp . its development was done in franz allegro common lisp version 4 . 1 on sunos4 . x and macintosh common lisp 2 . 0p2 . the following code is provided : source code , a tokenizer for plain ascii english , an english lexicon enduced from the brown corpus , a table of mappings for word suffixes to likely ambiguity classes , and an hmm trained on the odd numbered sentences in the brown corpus . more info : info / xerox . o : ftp : / / parcftp . xerox . com / pub / tagger if you need to install common lisp to run it , several good free implementations at http : / / www . cs . rochester . edu / users / staff / miller / alu . html . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - european corpus initiative corpora available on cd-rom : eci1 / mul06 / msp06 / spa16a : information technology , eu , 26 , 000 words eci1 / spa02a - j : el diario sur , local newspaper from malaga , belongs to national publisher , in existence for 40 years . different writing styles , 500 , 000 words . eci2 / mul04 / msp04a - j : telecommunication user manual , several 100 , 000 words . eci2 / mul09 / spa19a : xerox scanworx user manual , 45 , 000 words . eci2 / mul12 / msp12 / msp12a - c : civil law , switzerland , 600 , 000 words . eci4 / spa03 : minimally processed by eci ; contains errors and duplication but the clean and f c files are clean ( ? ) el diario vasco , newspaper clean files , news , few errors , 300 , 000 words fc files , 177 , 000 words the national newspaper abc has just released a cd-rom with last year 's literary supplement that can be purchased for under $ 50 . + 4 million words of clean , high-quality written text . archivo digital de manuscritos y textos espa = a4oles available on cd-rom . charles faulhaber , dept . of spanish & portuguese , u of california , berkeley the eu multext project of collecting a corpus which will contain parallel texts from the european parliament and financial newspaper articles ( spanish from expansion newspaper ) . still finalizing licence agreements for these data . the relator language resources server , supports distribution of nlp resources . currently available through relator speech and text corpora , lexicons , nlp programs and tools , and related databases and systems . ftp : / / de . relator . research . ec . org / relator = 0d afs : / / afs / research . ec . org / projects / relator multilingual web pages : http : / / www . xx . relator . research . ec . org ( xx = 3dtwo - letter country codes of the eu countries such as de , uk , etc . ) only speech materials . = 0d alice carlberger alice @ speech . kth . se - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - we have been working on a spanish to english machine translation system and so have access to a large corpus of spanish text and have developed a tagger for general newspaper articles . although the tagger uses proprietary information ( collins spanish - english on-line dictionary ) , we will shortly make the results available on-line . that is , you will be able to e-mail spanish texts and they will be returned tagged with part of speech . steve helmreich shelmrei @ crl . nmsu . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hola ; soy el coautor de un diccionario de frecuencias del castellano . . . . mon alameda cmsfi52 @ vmesa . cpd . uniovi . es - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - quizas pueda serte util la lista terminometro electronico en espanhol . la direccion de la lista es latin-te @ frmop11 . cnusc . fr el servidor electonico de la lista es listserv @ frmop11 . cnusc . fr martin beaumont franowsky beaumont @ desco . org . pe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - desde hace mucho existe el trabajo de el colegio de me ' xico ( el diccionario del espan ~ ol de me ' xico ) , proyecto cuyo investigador principal es luis fernando lara . e ' l tiene cuenta en internet , pero no la tengo a la mano , asi ' que te doy su direccio ' n de snail-mail : dr . luis fernando lara dem el colegio de me ' xico camino al ajusco me ' xico , d . f . me ' xico . han hecho recuentos por frecuencia segu ' n un corpus de aproximadamente 2 millones ( si no mal recuerdo ) de palabras , y tienen un programa de asignacio ' n de palabras segu ' n su parte de la oracio ' n . james l . fidelholtz jfidel @ udlapvms . pue . udlap . mx jfidel @ unm . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nosotros tratamos corpus de lengua de gran tamano , y hemos creado herramientas para la extraccion de informacion linguistica : - programa de busqueda y extraccion automatica de lemas con su contexto : real - programa de segmentacion y etiquetado morfologico de lemas , smorph . jose l . rodrigo + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + jose @ gril . univ-bpclermont . fr gril : groupe de recherche dans les industries de la langue universite blaise pascal - clermont ii 34 av . carnot , f - 63037 clermont - ferrand cedex + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + rodrigo @ eucmax . sim . ucm . es facultad de filologia universidad complutense de madrid - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - you might want to check out the agfl grammar worklab which also contains a small grammar for the spanish noun phrase . the author , paula maria santalla , can be contacted through paula @ cs . kun . nl . the url of the agfl home page is : http : / / www . cs . kun . nl / agfl / erik oltmans department of computer science university of nijmegen nijmegen , the netherlands http : / / www . cs . kun . nl / agfl / eriko - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the autonomous university of nuevo leon college of medicine , monterrey , mexico and california state university at fullerton ( csuf ) make available """""""" spanish 92 """""""" ( the first 2 , 000 most frequent words of spanish ) based on espa ~ nol 92 ( e92 ) , computational linguistic analysis of a million - word corpus of contemporary spanish carried out between 1986 and 1992 under a grant from the secretariat of public education of the mexican government . """""""" spanish 92 """""""" is available from the ftp server at csuf : ftp wintermute . fullerton . edu user > anonymous pw > username @ host . domain ftp > cd / pub / research / chandler prof . r . m . chandler - burns college of medicine autonomous university of nuevo leon monterrey , mexico remite : gabriel amores departamento de lengua inglesa universidad de sevilla nota : la direccion del prof . chandler - burns es rchandlr @ ccr . dsi . uanl . mx - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - consortium for lexical research email : lexical @ crl . nmsu . edu ftp : / / clr . nmsu . edu parallel text in english and spanish pan american health organization ftp directory : members-only / corpora / paho / the pan american health organization ( paho ) , conferences and general services division , has kindly allowed this group of sample parallel texts to be released for nlp research purposes . there are 180 pairs of text , 360 individual files , which amount to about 8 mb of data . the documents cover the general domains of public health and latin america , but vary greatly in content and in length . some are short memos or letters , most are longer reports and conference proceedings . the spanish documents do contain the spanish character encoding . other formatting commands , such as tabs , centering , italicizing , etc . have been removed . special thanks to dr . marjorie leon for her assistance in making these texts available . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the pappi system : a principle - based parser announcing the first public release of pappi , a prolog - based natural language parser for theories in the principles - and - parameters framework . pappi is designed to run on sun sparc - stations with quintus prolog . the pappi system includes : * an x - window system-based user interface to the underlying prolog - based parser . * a sample implementation of classic gb - theory , based on theory described in lasnik and uriagereka 's textbook """""""" a course in gb syntax """""""" . the implementation also includes sets of example sentences and sample parameterization for six languages . currently , these are english , japanese , dutch , french , spanish and german . ( this software was recently demoed at coling ' 94 . ) pappi is a parser that is designed to be a high-level research tool for experimenting with and learning about linguistic theory . this release represents just one possible instantiation within the principles - and - parameters framework . users are encouraged to experiment with and modify the sample principles . the pappi system represents code written to support research work . it is still very much under development . alternate theories ( and more sophisticated parsing models ) will be made publically available at a later stage . upcoming releases may also support other platforms and may not need quintus prolog . this is free software developed at the nec research institute , inc . , an institute for conducting long-term , fundamental research in computer and physical sciences . comments and suggestions for improvement to the system will be gratefully accepted ! i would like to also hear from those interested in extending the system . the pappi project also welcomes unencumbered software contributions , including ( but not limited to ) support for additional languages , theory and debugging tools . the system is available for anonymous ftp as : external . nj . nec . com : / pub / sandiway / pappi-2 . 0x . tar . z [ note : x is an alphabetic character denoting the current minor release . ] a . gz compressed version of the same tar file is also available as : external . nj . nec . com : / pub / sandiway / pappi-2 . 0x . tar . gz this version is recommended for those for those installations having gnu compress . current requirements : sun sparcstation sunos 4 . 1 . 3 or 5 . 3 ( aka solaris 2 . 3 ) quintus prolog 3 . 1 . 4 or 3 . 1 . 1 ( june 1992 ) approx . 35mb of disk space ( 55-70mb to install ) contact address : dr . sandiway fong nec research institute , inc . princeton nj 08540 usa email : sandiway @ research . nj . nec . com fax : ( 609 ) 951-2482 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cualquier otra informacion sobre recursos para el espanol , por favor envienla a mi direccion de e-mail ( no voy a estar suscrito a la lista ) . please , send any other information about spanish resources to my e-mail address ( i ' ll be no longer subscribed to the list ) . muchas gracias ! ! thank you very much ! ! pablo accuosto facultad de ingenieria universidad de la republica montevideo - uruguay e-mail : accuosto @ fing . edu . uy
  """",0
  1581,""""Subject: japanese / korean linguistics
   
   the sixth annual japanese / korean linguistics conference august 8-10 , 1995 university of hawaii at manoa center for korean studies auditorium cosponsored by the university of hawaii s department of east asian languages and literatures , department of linguistics , and center for korean studies supported by the korea foundation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - preliminary conference program [ note : moderators / discussants to be announced later . ] send inquiries to professor john haing ( haig @ uhunix . uhcc . hawaii . edu ) tuesday , august 8 8 : 00 a . m . - 8 : 45 a . m . : registration 8 : 45 a . m . - 9 : 00 a . m . : welcoming remarks and announcements session 1 : phonology a 9 : 00-10 : 30 : aspiration in korean phonology mira oh , yeojoo technical college korean place & manner assimilations in optimality theory hyeonkwan cho , university of minnesota constraints in post - obstruent tensification in korean seok - chae rhee , university of illinois at urbana - champaign 10 : 30-10 : 45 a . m . break session 2 : discourse a 10 : 45-12 : 45 : discourse - pragmatic functions of sentence - initial and sentence - final uses of the quotative particle in japanese makoto hayashi , university of colorado at boulder an expanded concept of speakerhood in japanese discourse dina r . yoshimi , university of hawaii at manoa japanese kedo : discourse function and genre toshihide nakayama and kumiko ichihashi - nakayama , university of california at santa barbara how seeing approaches knowing in korean , japanese , and english : an analysis of pota , miru , and see yong yae park and susan strauss university of california at los angeles 12 : 45 - 2 : 00 lunch 2 : 00 - 3 : 00 : guest speaker un - altaic features of the korean verb samuel e . martin , yale university 3 : 00 - 3 : 15 : break session 3 : historical linguistics a 3 : 15 - 5 : 45 : on the origins of japanese sentence particles ka and zo charles j . quinn , jr . , ohio state university the functions of kakari particle namu in heian narratives : an example from the tale of genji j . paul warnick , ohio state university on the origin of accent register in proto - japanese alexander vovin , miami university word - initial low register in proto - japanese moriyo shimabukuro , university of hawaii at manoa another source of m-b variation in japanese blaine erickson , university of hawaii at manoa wednesday , august 9 session 4 : semantics 8 : 30-11 : 00 : analysis of polysemous verbs keedong lee , yonsei university verb lexicalization patterns in korean young - joo kim , hong - ik university on the primacy of progressive over resultative state : the case of japanese - teiru yasuhiro shirai , university of california at los angeles groups as event - oriented entities eun - joo kwak , brown university topic , focus , and strong readings in korean : information partition by phrase structure and morphology hye - won choi , stanford university 11 : 00-11 : 15 : break 11 : 15-12 : 15 : guest speaker the logic of desirability and conditional reasoning noriko akatsuka , university of california at los angeles 12 : 15 - 1 : 30 : lunch session 5 : discourse b 1 : 30 - 3 : 30 : discourse determiners of referential choice in korean acquisition patricia m . clancy , university of california at santa barbara an inquiry into the discourse managing function of a japanese particle wa : an analysis of two distinctive interpretations of the te-wa construction in japanese setsuko arita , kyushu university a cognitive account of the korean morpheme - se : a marker of semantic givenness susan strauss , university of california at los angeles the discourse functions of - myen clause in korean chang - bong lee , university of pennsylvania 3 : 30 - 3 : 45 : break session 6 : syntax a 3 : 45 - 5 : 45 : case - theoretic account of complementizer deletion hirotaka mitomo , yokohama national university tense in the subject raising construction kaoru ohta , university of washington identifying the antecedent of pro in korean and japanese young - suk lee and lizanne kaiser , yale university two types of synthetic compounds and move - affix in korean chung - kon shi , harvard university 6 : 30 - 9 : 00 : dinner reception ( location to be announced ) thursday , august 10 session 7 : historical linguistics b 8 : 30-10 : 00 : kakarimusubi from a comparative perspective john whitman , cornell university evidence for pre - or proto - historic loans into japanese from a related language of the korean peninsula leon a . serafim , university of hawaii at manoa early chinese loanwords in korean and japanese : reexamining an old problem from a modern perspective marc h . miyake , university of hawaii at manoa 10 : 10-10 : 15 : break session 8 : syntax b 10 : 15-12 : 15 : numeral classifiers as adverbs of quantification yukiko sasaki alam , texas a & m university opacity and subjunctive complements in japanese asako uchibori , university of connecticut npis outside of negation scope daeho chung and hong - keun park university of southern california asymmetry in the quantificational force of - ( n ) un in korean chung - hye han , university of pennsylvania 12 : 15 - 1 : 30 : lunch session 9 : syntax c 1 : 30 - 3 : 00 : argument prominence of sino - korean verbal nouns yunsun jung , harvard university argument structure change in benefactive construction in korean seok - hoon you , university of hawaii at manoa light verb constructions and temporal constructions in japanese hiroto hoshi , soas , university of london 3 : 00 - 3 : 15 : break session 10 : phonology b 3 : 15 - 5 : 15 : perception of japanese pitch accent by koreans and its implications for understanding phonological structures y . sukegawa , s . sato , k . maekawa , and h . choi tohoku university and national language research institute umlaut in kyungsang korean : the optimal domains theoretic account seung - hoon shin , indiana university generalized alignment and prosodic categorization in korean hyunsook kang and borim lee hanyang university and wonkwang university nn : rendaku and licensing paradox keiichiro suzuki , university of arizona 5 : 15 : closing remarks
  """",0
  1582,""""Subject: bilingualism
   
   i ' m not sure why , but i was reluctant to post on the issue of us bilingualism . in any case , i feel obliged to say this as an educational linguist who has worked in esl and tangentially in bilingual ed teacher education . first of all , the entire notion that bilingual ed was , is , or could be ( designed as ) a method for introducing national plurilingualism is a nonstarter . therefore any debates about it using plurilingualism as argument get nowhere . in fact , with out a wish to flame anyone ( because i do n't think it was intentional ) the entire argument that we should stop bilingual ed because of its anti - english or anti-standard english agenda is of a kind very familiar to us in educational circles . it 's little different than what we hear from those who argue that proponents of progressive educational idea x ( e . g . whole langauge reading instruction , process writing , outcomes-based ed . ) are trying to bring down standards , undermine society , do something unamerican , and so on . it is essentially a rhetorical manipulation of the worst kind , based on false suppositions , and intended to push hot buttons . by saying this i am not defending bilingual ed or any other movement . however , i think these need to be debated on their educational merits . why is the argument a nonstarter ? admittedly , there are those in education who propose that students have the right to their own dialect language or what-have - you , and that they should n't have to learn standard english in school . however , they are largely involved in an academic exercise that takes place in the pages of journals of various sorts . they do not shape policy . the avowed purpose of the vast majority of bilingual ed programs is usually to ease a limited english proficient child into the mainstream . the idea is that if they take content area courses in their first language they will not fall behind while learning english . the programs contain esl components that supposedly will allow the kids to mainstream later . some programs do encourage native language literacy and continue classes native language classes throughout a child 's school career . some take very young english speaking kids and put them into these classes on an immersion basis . since usually older english speaking kids in other schools are trying , in theory , to learn the same language the immigrant kids are already fluent in , i fail to see what is controversial about that . it seems to be designed , in theory again , to encourage personal , not societal , bilingualism . the failings of bilingual ed , in places where it has failed , have more to do with poor educational practice than with policy . if kids are arriving at college after say five years in bilingual ed , and are entering esl programs , something did n't work right . to anyone remotely familiar with urban schools , that should hardly be a surprise . now , on a national level i think we should look at us bilingualism and forget about catalonia or the basque country for a moment . bilingualism in the us has endured over many generations in several situations : ( i ) tight - knit religious communities : hasidic jews who speak yiddish , old order amish , brethren , and mennonites , who speak their german dialects . ( ii ) groups who were overtaken , to put it nicely , by english speakers : the navajo and other indigenious peoples ; french creole speakers in louisiana , spanish in the southwest . ( iii ) isolated communities : gullah in south carolina and georgia . immigrants , it would seem , tend to assimilate linguistically over a few , typically very few generations . in spite of the myth that spanish - speakers are somehow different on this score , i think , it would be instructive to look at the case of new york , which is full of people young hispanics who cannot speak more than a few words of spanish - this in spite of continuing immigration from spanish - speaking countries . as a non - yiddish or hebrew speaking ashkanazi jew , i entirely understand this phenomenon although as a learner of spanish as a foreign language , i lament the lost opportunity . finally , i think it would be more instructive to look at which americans feel threatened by the non-existent threat of the demise of something that has never existed ( the us as a monolingual nation ) and try to figure out why people feel that way . why , for example , is it an issue in the west and not in new york ? why is it associated with right and not the left ? why has it come up now again ? is it it really just good old american nativism , ' 90s style , or is there something different going on ? also , why have n't we in linguistics and education done more to communicate with mainstream americans that the whole thing is a lot of nonsense ? michael newman dept . of educational theory & practice the ohio state university mnewman @ magnus . acs . ohio-state . edu
  """",0
  1583,""""Subject: english only
   
   i found the remarks of johanna rubba in a recent issue ( 6 . 967 ) to be very worthwhile and to the point . i would like to add a couple of points . in the vast majority of immigrants to the united states , the typical pattern of language acquisition is : the first generation may or may not learn english ; the second generation learns english natively and the parents ' language to varying degrees of proficiency ; the third generation learns only english - - and this is without any legislative intervention . there are strong pedagogical and psycholinguistic reasons for bilingual education programs for school-age immigrants and unassimilated children of immigrants . it is far easier to ` ` learn to read ' ' ( in the general sense , not in the sense of learning to read a particular language ) in one 's native language , and then learn to read the second language , than it is to learn to read ( in the second language ) and to learn the second language at the same time . - stuart luppescu | university of chicago | a foreign language is ` ` a weapon in sl70 @ cicero . spc . uchicago . edu | in the struggle for life . ' ' : mj8 $ hcrf ` h ~ $ nic | - - karl marx
  """",0
  1584,""""Subject: discussion : english only
   
   one point that jack aubert made in his recent posting is dead on : quite apart from any putative intention on the part of policy makers , in the u . s . today """""""" bilingualism """""""" rarely means the ability to speak two languages fluently . i ' m thinking particularly about so - - called bilingual classes in our public schools , where many people get their first notion of what this word refers to . i have enrolled my children in these classes whenever possible , but with this decision comes the responsibility to attempt to convince administrators that native speakers of english must be required to learn some spanish in these classes . ( the bilingual classes at my children 's schools are always spanish - - english . ) it has never been expected in any of the bilingual classes my kids have been in that they should be studying two languages too ! these classes are run as a one-way street - - - and everyone knows it . as one little girl ( required to enroll ) in my daughter 's class told me , """""""" bilingual means you ' re dumb . """""""" hmmmmmmmmmm what people say the word ` bilingual ' means in your standard want ad is probably too hot an issue to handle . ( is this a new ` ` urban myth ' ' that such ads are actually seeking people of certain ethnicity ? ) i suspect that the term is coming to mean something quite different than its traditional denotation , and sometime soon we ' ll find that the word ` ` bilingual ' ' activates a number of presuppositions about both mastery of english and ethnic identity , not unlike what happened to the term ` ` illegal immigrant ' ' , as was demonstrated in various reports which were released at the time of the debate on prop 187 . this sort of change in the use of the word ` bilingual ' will not help anyone whose goal is to encourage the study and use of more than one language in the u . s . because non - - experts , if they do not control language policy , are certainly involved in that policy making . i suggest that the way to combat it is very local action : take the time to talk to the principal ( s ) of your local public elementary school ( s ) . robin schafer rschafer @ ucsd . edu
  """",0
  1585,""""Subject: english only
   
   in a recent posting , sxren harder ( sharder @ ling . hum . aau . dk ) brings up an interesting point ( quoting from steinberg ( 1993 ) """""""" an introduction to psycholinguistics """""""" ) : > the law reflected the widespread belief that the german language was the > embodiment of all that was evil in german culture and that to teach such > a language to young americans would be immoral and corrupting . > . . . lawyers for the state of nebraska took essentially the position > . . . [ that ] a language by its very nature represents the spirit and > national character of a people . if this were true , then by teaching them > the grammar , structure and vocabulary of the german language , meyer could > indeed have been harming american children by making them into german > militarists right there on the plains of nebraska . - interesting , because in several recent postings against the english - only movement , an argument was given that teaching foreign _ languages _ was good because it exposed students to other _ cultures _ . that is precisely the reason the teaching of the german language was banned , according to the above quote . i think most of us would agree that the state of nebraska was wrong ; teaching another language does not serve to any great extent to pass on the culture . but if you believe that , are n't you being hypocritical to believe that teaching foreign languages is good because it exposes students to other cultures ? fwiw , i have a personal opinion : if you want to expose students to other cultures , it would be much better to teach ethnography than language . ( better yet , send the students to non-tourist areas of other countries . but i doubt whether the us educational system is prepared for that ! )
  """",0
  1586,""""Subject: """""""" english plus """""""" resolution in congress
   
   the """""""" english - plus """""""" resolution below was introduced into the house of representative on july 13 by rep . jose serrano ( d - n . y . ) , along with 31 other democratic cosponsors and one republican , ileana ros - lehtinen ( fla . ) . it is a nonbinding statement of policy intended as counter to six english - only bills now pending in congress . ( these measures include the king bill , h . r . 1005 , which would declare english the official language , end bilingual education and bilingual ballots , and require all government business to be transacted in english ; and the only slightly less restrictive emerson bill , h . r . 123 , which likewise declares english the official language and ends all federal funding for bilingual education . the emerson bill has more than 120 sponsors and is held to be likely to pass this year ; hearings will probably be scheduled once the present conflicts over the budget are resolved . ) some opponents of english - only measures have felt that the wording of this resolution is not as strong as they would like , particularly as it makes only indirect reference to bilingual education programs . still , its passage would have an important symbolic effect , and even if it should be defeated in committee , it will at least help to draw the battle lines over this issue . the lsa executive committee voted at its meeting this may to give its support to this resolution ; and in a mail ballot a few years ago the membership of the society declared its opposition to english - only measures by a margin of 94 to 6 percent . individual linguists may want to make their views on the english - plus resolution known to members of the house committee on economic and educational opportunities , whose names follow the text of the resolution below . committee members can be reached at : the honorable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ u . s . house of representatives washington , dc 20515 geoff nunberg concurrent resolution entitled , the ` ` english plus resolution ' ' . whereas english is the primary language of the united states , and all members of the society recognize the importance of english to national life and individual accomplishment ; whereas many residents of the united states speak native languages other than english , including many languages indigenous to this country , and these linguistic resources should be conserved and developed ; whereas this nation was founded on a commitment to democratic principles , and not on racial , ethnic , or religious homogeneity , and has drawn strength from a diversity of languages and cultures and from a respect for individual liberties ; whereas multilingualism , or the ability to speak languages in addition to english , is a tremendous resource to the united states because such ability enhances american competitiveness in global markets by permitting improved communication and cross-cultural understanding between producers and suppliers , vendors and clients , retailers and consumers ; whereas multilingualism improves united states diplomatic efforts by fostering enhanced communication and greater understanding between nations ; whereas multilingualism has historically been an essential element of national security , including the use of native american languages in the development of coded communications during world war ii , the korean war , and the vietnam war ; whereas multilingualism promotes greater cross-cultural understanding between different racial and ethnic groups in the united states ; whereas there is no threat to the status of english in the united states , a language that is spoken by 94 percent of united states residents , according to the 1990 united states census , and there is no need to designate any official united states language or to adopt similar restrictionist legislation ; whereas ` ` english - only ' ' measures , or proposals to designate english as the sole official language of the united states , would violate traditions of cultural pluralism , divide communities along ethnic lines , jeopardize the provision of law enforcement , public health , education , and other vital services to those whose english is limited , impair government efficiency , and undercut the national interest by hindering language skills needed to enhance international competitiveness and conduct diplomacy ; and whereas such ` ` english - only ' ' measures would represent an unwarranted federal regulation of self-expression , abrogate constitutional rights to freedom of expression and equal protection of the laws , violate international human rights treaties to which the united states is a signatory , and contradict the spirit of the 1923 supreme court case meyer v . nebraska , wherein the court declared that ` ` the protection of the constitution extends to all ; to those who speak other languages as well as to those born with english on the tongue ' ' ; now , therefore , be it resolved by the house of representatives ( the senate concurring ) , that the united states government should pursue policies that - - ( 1 ) encourage all residents of this country to become fully proficient in english by expanding educational opportunities ; ( 2 ) conserve and develop the nation 's linguistic resources by encouraging all residents of this country to learn or maintain skills in a language other than english ; ( 3 ) assist native americans , native alaskans , native hawaiians , and other peoples indigenous to the united states , in their efforts to prevent the extinction of their languages and cultures ; ( 4 ) continue to provide services in languages other than english as needed to facilitate access to essential functions of government , promote public health and safety , ensure due process , promote equal educational opportunity , and protect fundamental rights ; and ( 5 ) recognize the importance of multilingualism to vital american interests and individual rights , and oppose ` ` english - only ' ' measures and similar language restrictionist measures . house committee on economic and educational opportunities republicans democrats william f . goodling ( pa ) , chmn . william """""""" bill """""""" clay ( mo ) thomas e . petri ( wi ) george e . miller ( ca ) marge s . roukema ( nj ) dale e . kildee ( mi ) steven gunderson ( wi ) pat williams ( mt ) harris w . fawell ( il ) matthew g . martinez ( ca ) cass ballenger ( nc ) major r . owens ( ny ) bill barrett ( ne ) thomas g . sawyer ( oh ) randy cunningham ( ca ) donald m . payne ( nj ) peter hoekstra ( mi ) patsy t . mink ( hi ) howard mckeon ( ca ) robert e . andrews ( nj ) michael castle ( de ) john f . """""""" jack """""""" reed ( ri ) jan meyers ( ks ) timothy j . roemer ( in ) sam johnson ( tx ) eliot l . engel ( ny ) james talent ( mo ) xavier becerra ( ca ) james greenwood ( pa ) robert c . """""""" bobby """""""" scott ( va ) tim hutchinson ( ar ) gene green ( tx ) joe knollenberg ( mi ) lynn woolsey ( ca ) frank riggs ( ca ) carlos a . romero - barcelo ( pr ) lindsey graham ( sc ) mel reynolds ( il ) dave weldon ( fl ) david funderburk ( nc ) mark souder ( in ) david mcintosh ( in ) charles norwood ( ga )
  """",0
  1587,""""Subject: linguist list corrections
   
   full - time associate or full professorships from april 1996 english language program french language program german language program nagoya university of commerce and business administration invites applications from associate or full professors with relevant academic and teaching experience . a doctorate degree in linguistics , education or relevant regional studies field and teaching experience is a must . applicants must be well-published ( at least 20 works ) academics of high professional standing . the faculty member will be expected to give language classes and lecture on the cultural and social background of the region . the initial contract of employment is generally for a minimum period of two years . thereafter , pending the mutual agreement of employer and employee , the contract is renewable annually . starting salary is established according to qualifications and experience - the present salary range is from 9 - 11 million yen per annum . faculty normally teach eight 90 minute periods per week - monday to friday . the school year is organised into two 15 week semesters : 1st april - end july september - mid february the summer break is approximately 6 weeks long . the winter break is approximately 3 weeks long . there is also a 6 week spring ' break ' - because of official commitments travel outside japan during this period is subject to approval . accommodation is not provided for faculty , however every assistance is given in finding a suitable location and drawing up contracts . financial assistance is offered in the form of an interest-free advance for arrival expenses . a low-interest car loan is available . return air-fare is provided . the campus is situated on the outskirts of nagoya ( 3rd largest city in japan ) . nagoya is at the heart of the industrial zone of japan and is a coastal city within easy reach of tokyo ( 2 hours ) , osaka ( 1 . 5 hours ) and many other areas of historical and cultural interest . the language center is superbly appointed with advanced computer facilities and modern amenities . every student has a macintosh computer ( powerbook 520 ) . at present our language faculty consists of about twenty-five members who teach english , chinese , french , german , korean and thai . please send ( or fax if possible ) applications to : melanie bowyer executive assistant to the president nagoya university of commerce and business administration 4 - 4 sagamine komenoki - cho nisshin - city aichi 470-01 japan telephone : 81 ( 05617 ) 3-2111 fax : 81 ( 05617 ) 3-1202 e-mail : mbowyer @ nucba . ac . jp
  """",0
  1588,""""Subject: finding email addresses : advice
   
   there seem to be pretty frequent requests for email addresses on the linguist list . people with unix accounts can use the """""""" finger """""""" command to look up addresses - - if they know the name and affiliation of the person they ' re looking for ( others may have access to some sort of finger utility ) . for example , there was a recent request for the internet address of someone whose bitnet address is escatton @ albnyvms here 's how i used finger to find his internet address : finger escatton @ albnyvms finger : albnyvms : unknown host finger escatton @ albnyvms . edu finger : albnyvms . edu : unknown host well , albnyvms does n't sound very internet-like , so let 's start guessing : finger scatton @ albany . edu [ albany . edu ] ( there is no account scatton on this node . ) name : ernest scatton title : professor , german and slavic languages + literat address : humanities 246 university at albany 1400 washington av albany ny 12222-0001 phone : + 1 518-442 - 4224 bitnet : escatton @ albnyvms internet : escatton @ cnsvax . albany . edu there it is . if you have less information - - for example , you know the person is somewhere in new york state , but not where exactly - - you can use one of the """""""" white pages """""""" services available . a good starting point is : http : / / home . netscape . com / commun / internet _ white _ pages . html happy hunting !
  """",0
  1589,""""Subject: conference announcement
   
   the research institute for language and speech organizes a workshop on optionality the workshop will be held in utrecht on spetember 1 - 2 , 1995 . keynote speakers will be jane grimshaw ( rutgers ) , tony kroch ( upenn ) , tanya reinhart ( tel aviv / utrecht ) and edwin williams ( princeton ) . selected papers will be presented by ken wexler ( mit ) , david adger ( york ) , martina wiltschko ( vienna ) , gereon mueller ( tuebingen ) , peter svenonius ( tromso ) , joel hoffman ( maryland ) , tor afarli ( trondheim ) , ralf vogel & markus steinbach ( mpi berlin ) , joao costa ( leiden ) , hiroyuki ura ( mit ) , norvin richards ( mit ) and sergio menuzzi ( leiden ) . since the number of workshop attenders will be limited , we ask those interested in attending to preregister by sending an e-mail message to neeleman @ let . ruu . nl . the workshop fee will be 50 dutch guilders , to be paid during the in-site registration . further information will be sent out after preregistration . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ad neeleman * * ots - trans 10 - 3512 jk utrecht - the netherlands * * + 31 30 538313 ( office ) + 31 30 949241 ( home ) * * ad . neeleman @ let . ruu . nl * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  1590,""""Subject: conf : alt inaugural meeting / k . mitxelena i . ihardunaldiak
   
   inaugural meeting of the association for linguistic typology ( alt ) k . mitxelena i . ihardunaldiak september 7-10 ( thursday through sunday ) , l995 vitoria - gasteiz , spain venue : the university institute where the meeting will take place ( filologia eta geografi - historia fakultatea ) is right behind the railway station . we will send a map upon registration , but , in any case , it is easy to find ( ask about dato street / calle dato , pedestrian street leading to the railway station ; once there , cross the station , you will then see two red brick buildings facing you : walk to the one on the left ) . further information & registration : alt antolamendu taldea ( organizing committee ) filologia eta geografi - historia fakultatea euskal filologia saila upv / ehu marques de urquijo , s / n e-01006 vitoria - gasteiz ( spain ) e-mail : fvalt @ vh . ehu . es fax : + 34 45 144290 tel . : + 34 45 139811 program wednesday september 6 ( filologia eta geografi - historia fakultatea ) 18 : 00-21 : 00 registration ( university hall : facultad de filologia y geografia e historia / filologia eta geografi - historia fakultatea ) september 7 ( filologia eta geografi - historia fakultatea ) basque workshop thursday morning chair : endrike knoerr ( u . of the basque country / r . academy of the basque language ) 9 : 00-10 : 00 benat oyharcabal on basque syntax ( c . n . r . s . paris ) 10 : 00-11 : 00 miren azkarate on basque morphology ( u . of the basque country ) coffee break ( 11 : 00-11 : 30 ) 11 : 30-12 : 30 miren lourdes onederra on basque phonology ( u . of the basque country ) 12 : 30-13 : 00 agurtzane elordui language decay and ( u . of the basque country ) typological change in a biscayan dialect lunch break ( 13 : 00-15 : 00 ) * * * thursday afternoon chair : inaki camino ( u . of the basque country ) 15 : 00-15 : 30 karmele rotaetxe scission de l ' ergativite en basque ? ( u . of the basque country ) 15 : 30-16 : 00 juan carlos moreno lexicotelic and syntactotelic ( autonomous u . of madrid ) grammaticalization in basque 16 : 00-16 : 30 andolin eguzkitza indirect questions and other ( u . of the basque country ) adnominals in the grammar of basque coffee break ( 16 : 30-17 : 00 ) 17 : 00-17 : 30 frans plank abbe darrigol 's basque grammar ( u . of konstanz ) 17 : 30-18 : 00 manfred ringmacher the new edition of humboldt 's ( freie u . berlin ) linguistic writings 18 : 00-18 : 30 bernhard hurch """""""" abteilung ii : baskisch und ( graz u . ) and romanisch """""""" a sketch of m . jose kerejeta humboldt 's writings on basque ( u . of the basque country ) * * * 18 : 30-21 : 00 registration ( hall of the institute : facultad de filologia y geografia e historia / filogia eta geografi - historia fakultatea ) friday september 8 ( filologia eta geografi - historia fakultatea ) morning chair : miren azkarate ( u . of the basque country / r . academy of the basque language ) welcome ! ( by alt officers ) ( 8 : 45 - 9 : 00 ) session on reference , number , and distributives ( 9 : 00-10 : 30 ) 9 : 00-10 : 00 greville corbett distributives and number in the world 's ( u . of surrey ) and languages marianne mithun u . of california , santa barbara ) 10 : 00-10 : 30 referring phrases from a typological jan rijkhoff perspective ( u . of konstanz ) coffee break ( 10 : 30-11 : 00 ) session on grammatical relations ( 11 : 00-13 : 00 ) chair : benat oyharcabal ( c . n . r . s . / r . academy of the basque language ) 11 : 00-12 : 00 aleksandr e . kibrik toward a holistic typology of languages ( moscow state u . ) 12 : 00-12 : 30 wolfram schaffar grammaticalization of functional ( u . of tuebingen ) properties into subject positions 12 : 30-13 : 00 elke nowak on subordination and coordination ( u . of stuttgart ) welcome ! ( by local organizers ) 13 : 00-13 : 15 lunch break ( 13 : 15-15 : 00 ) * * * friday afternoon chair : pello salaburu ( u . of the basque country / r . academy of the basque language ) symposium on incorporation ( 15 : 00-17 : 00 ) 15 : 00-15 : 30 farrell ackerman systemic patterns in a hierarchical and lexicon : preverbs and incorporation phil lesourd ( u . of california , san diego ) 15 : 30-16 : 00 adele goldberg persian complex predicates ( u . of california , san diego ) 16 : 00-16 : 30 maria polinsky noun incorporation and the reference ( u . of southern to incorporated nominals california ) 16 : 30-17 : 00 andrew spencer on syntactic accounts of noun ( u . of essex ) incorporation coffee break ( 17 : 00-17 : 30 ) business meeting ( 17 : 30-19 : 30 ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * saturday september 9 ( palacio de villa suso ) morning chair : xabier artiagoitia ( u . of the basque country ) session on global issues ( 8 : 30-11 : 00 ) 8 : 30 - 9 : 00 sebastian shaumyan linguistic typology and applicative ( yale u . ) universal grammar 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 rajendra singh towards a word-based approach to ( u . of montreal ) morphological typology 9 : 30-10 : 00 gertraud fenk-oczlon self - organization and natural typology and august fenk ( u . of klagenfurt ) 10 : 00-10 : 30 simon kirby competing motivations and the in - ( u . of edinburgh ) visible hand : a computational model of the emergence of hierarchies 10 : 30-11 : 00 frans plank a catalogue of allegations concerning ( u . of konstanz ) the co-variation of sound and of meaningful form coffee break ( 11 : 00-11 : 30 ) session on word order ( 11 : 30-13 : 30 ) chair : karmele rotaetxe ( u . of the basque country ) 11 : 30-12 : 00 alain peyraube on word order in archaic chinese ( center for linguistic research on oriental asia , paris ) 12 : 00-12 : 30 nicholas ostler some apparent cases of wh-fronting in ( linguacubun ltd . , sov languages : form , function , and history london ) 12 : 30-13 : 00 dik bakker flexibility and consistency in word ( u . of amsterdam ) order patterns in the languages of europe 13 : 00-13 : 30 anna siewierska on word order flexibility , case , ( u . of lancaster ) and agreement marking lunch break ( 13 : 30-15 : 00 ) * * * saturday afternoon session on word classes ( 15 : 00-17 : 30 ) chair : ines pagola ( u . of the basque country ) 15 : 00-15 : 45 dietmar zaefferer a typology of proposition coding ( university of muenchen ) 15 : 45-16 : 30 juergen broschart why tongan does it differently : ( u . of koeln ) categorial distinctions in a language without nouns and verbs 16 : 30-17 : 00 walter bisang areal typology and grammaticaliza - ( u . of mainz ) tion : processes of grammaticaliza - tion based on nouns and verbs in east and south east asian languages 17 : 00-17 : 30 lilly l . chen a typological study of the copula verb ( rice university ) system in the chinese languages coffee break ( 17 : 30-18 : 00 ) session on case and space ( 18 : 00-20 : 15 ) chair : jose luis alvarez enparantza ( u . of the basque country ) 18 : 00-18 : 45 maria koptjevskaja - partitives and pseudo-partitives in tamm ( u . of stockholm ) the european languages : typology and grammaticalization . 18 : 45-19 : 30 thomas stolz toward a typology of with-relations : ( u . of bochum ) comitatives , instrumentals , and privatives in the languages of the world . 19 : 30-20 : 15 christel stolz towards a typology of spatial frames ( max planck institute , of reference : comparing frames of nijmegen ) reference in different spatial subdomains song recital ( 20 : 15-21 : 15 ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * sunday september 10 morning chair : javier ormazabal ( u . of the basque country ) session on multiple functions ( 8 : 30-11 : 00 ) 8 : 30 - 9 : 00 zygmunt frajzyngier grammaticalization of a multifunctional ( u . of colorado ) dependent clause : a cross-categorial approach 9 : 00-10 : 00 nick evans insubordination and its uses ( u . of melbourne ) 10 : 00-11 : 00 david gil patterns of polyfunctionality in noun - phrase constructions coffee break ( 11 : 00-11 : 30 ) session on mood , modality , and negation ( 11 : 30-13 : 00 ) chair : andolin eguzkitza ( u . of the basque country ) 11 : 30-12 : 15 ferdinand de haan the interaction of modality and negation ( u . of groningen ) 12 : 15-13 : 00 kees hengeveld mood and modality ( u . of amsterdam ) lunch break ( 13 : 00-15 : 00 ) * * * session on verbs and verb satellites ( 15 : 00-18 : 00 ) chair : igone zabala ( u . of the basque country ) 15 : 00-15 : 30 johan van der auwera phasal adverbials and standard average ( u . of antwerpen ) european 15 : 30-16 : 15 leon stassen the typology of predicative possession ( catholic u . of nijmegen ) 16 : 15-16 : 45 kathryn howard and the """""""" perf """""""" grammaticization pathway in benjamin wang chinese and thai ( u . of california , los angeles ) 16 : 45-17 : 15 kylie hsu , motoko a cross-linguistic analysis of ezaki , amy meepoe , and imperfectivity in natural spoken discourse david olsher ( u . of california , los angeles ) 17 : 15-18 : 00 vladimir nedjalkov correlation between semantic and ( institute of linguistic formal oppositions in verbal research , st . petersburg ) derivation
  """",0
  1591,""""Subject: digital / analog tape recorders
   
   arienne dwyer cites a comment of rober englebretson that is pessimistic about the advantages of dat compared with cassette tapes regarding digitization : > i do n't know that dat would be any less time-consuming . unless you > have a soundcard which supports direct digital input ( in which case > there will probably be issues with sampling rate ) , most people find > they end up connecting the line out from their dat into the line in on > the computer - - essentially re-digitizing the analog signal from the > dat line-out . there is a simple ( and not particularly expensive ) alternative to either of these rigmaroles , which we employ in my lab . we have a dat drive on our local network for data storage ( backups etc . ) , but it can also be used to read dat audio tapes , allowing dat digital audio to be transferred to the computer without going via an intermediate analogue stage . - john coleman director , oxford university phonetics laboratory 41 wellington square , oxford ox1 2jf , uk home page : http : / / www . phon . ox . ac . uk /
  """",0
  1592,""""Subject: comparatives
   
   summary : intensification of the comparative i had in may on the list ( 8 . 758 ) a query on the intensification of comparative forms in different languages . here comes the summary related to the query ( i am sorry about the slight delay ! ) . as i noted earlier , my better linguistic competence limits to germanic languages plus finnish where in all the comparative ( of adjective , adverb , quantitative pronoun ) is typically intensified with an adverb denoting some form of totality : 1 . a . the train went faster . b . the train went ever faster . ( also : all the faster ) 2 . a . der zug fuhr schneller . b . der zug fuhr immer schneller . 3 . a . ta ' get gick fortare . b . ta ' get gick allt fortare . 4 . a . juna meni lujempaa . b . juna meni yha """""""" lujempaa . ( also : aina lujempaa ) the intensifiers , e . g . ever in english , are in all these cases some kind of universal quantifiers , the content being approximately ' always ' or ' all the way ' ( see e . g . vendler ) . since the pattern shows some regularity , i was curious to gather information about functionally corresponding expressions in other languages . indeed , i did receive some further parallel examples , and moreover , there was some discussion about the appropriateness of the english example i had in the query ( 1b above ) . many thanks to the people who responded : ewb2 @ cornell . edu ( e . wayles browne ) larry horn < lhorn @ yalevm . ycc . yale . edu > ton van der wouden < vdwouden @ let . rug . nl > allan wechsler < awechsle @ bbn . com > knud lambrecht < lambrec @ uts . cc . utexas . edu > adiego lajara < adiego @ lingua . fil . ub . es > asya pereltsvaig < asya @ mail . netvision . net . il > """""""" j . l . sancho , instituto de lexicografia """""""" < sancho @ crea . rae . es > waruno mahdi < mahdi @ fhi-berlin . mpg . de > bark @ compunet . net ( gerald a . barker md ) philip grew < pgrew @ compuserve . com > as always , my wordings were a bit too implicit in the beginning . there are , of course , several ways of intensifying ( or modifying ) the comparative . a very normal form would be intensification of the degree , e . g . 5 . he is much faster than the rest of the guys . two individuals possessing a quality may also be compared with each other and one of the qaulities intensified in relation to the other : 6 . jack is fast but bob is even faster . perhaps it was my swedish perspective that led to the too general and implicit use of the label ' comparative intensifier ' . it seems , namely , that swedish has in allt ( see 3 above ) an adverb that may be used as an intensifier only with the comparative ( other adverbs may also be used but this is a kind of a prototype , as one can understand on the basis of wessen 's grammar , for instance ) , whereas the general intensifier mycket ( ' much ' , ' very ' ) may be used both with the positive and the comparative ( type 5 then ) . the distribution is not perhaps as strict in all languages and with all expressions . as regards , for example , finnish yha """""""" , it may be used in other contexts too , but it seems that it has a more specialized ( grammaticized ? ) intensifying function when modifying a comparative , e . g . 7 . a . jaana on yha """""""" kaunis . time adv . ' jane is still beautiful ' b . jaanasta tulee yha """""""" kauniimpi . intensifer ' jane becomes ever more beautiful ' but this shows only that intensifiers that merely relate to the comparative do have a temporal implication . as a consequence , it seems that the comparative expresses a dynamic quality ( or degree ) that is opposed to the more stable positions of the positive and the superlative degrees ; the comparative represents a step in one direction but not to a definite point on a scale . the temporal intensifiers of the comparative focus on this implication of dynamism which , in turn , is often associated with successive development , change or process ( cf . the dynamism of verbs ) . moreover , the succession is signalled to be constant and ever-present - - and here we find the motivation of the universal quantifiers ( literally ever ) typically used with the comprative . we might want to look at some examples provided by the respondents ( the names of which are given in appropriate language sections below ) : * * * * * - - dutch : 8 . a . de trein ging sneller b . de trein ging alsmaar sneller c . de trein ging steeds sneller * steeds * and * alsmaar * ( also written as * almaar * ) are universal temporal quantifiers ( over a restricted domain - * altijd * is more unrestrictive ) . ton van der wouden - - - spanish : 9 . el tren iba cada vez ma 's ra ' pido """""""" cada vez """""""" , lit . """""""" each time """""""" catalan : 10 . el tren anava cada vegada / cada cop me 's ra ` pid """""""" cada vegada , cada cop """""""" , lit . """""""" each time """""""" nb : a ' , e ' etc . : vowels with acute accent ; a ` , o ` = vowels with grave accent . ignasi - xavier adiego - - - - italian : 11 . il treno andava sempre piu veloce . what i suspect will interest you here is that 's tandard ' italian ( like most other romance dialects , as i assume you will be told by readers expert in those ) uses the word that translates """""""" always """""""" ( sempre ) as the comparative intensifier you asked about . philip grew - - - russian : 12 . poezd exal bystree . train went faster [ more felicitous if the individual compared to is explicit as in 13 . ] 13 . poezd exal bystree chem mashina train went faster than car 14 . poezd exal vse bystree . train went all faster ' the train went ever faster ' asya pereltsvaig - - - croatian : 15 . a . vlak je is """""""" ao brz """""""" e . train aux went faster - adverb b . vlak je is """""""" ao sve brz """""""" e ( i brz """""""" e ) . serbian : 16 . a . voz je is """""""" ao brz """""""" e . b . voz je is """""""" ao sve brz """""""" e ( i brz """""""" e ) . s """""""" , z """""""" = letters with hac """""""" ek on top . sve ' all ' neuter singular nom . / acc . wayles browne - - - in indonesian , the situation is a bit different , compare : 17 . a . kere ' taapi berjalan lebih cepat train | go - stat | mod | fast """""""" the train goes / went faster """""""" ( i . e . it went faster than the car , horse , other train ) b . kere ' taapi berjalan makin cepat train | go - stat | mod | fast """""""" the train goes / went ever faster """""""" ( i . e . it went constantly faster than it itself did in the preceding moment ( s ) ) where : e ' is &eacute ; ( pronounced like french &egrave ; , ipa epsilon ; ) e is pronounced like french e , ipa @ [ upside-down """""""" e """""""" ] ) c is pronounced like english ch , italian ci stat = stative ( expresses verbal """""""" action """""""" as state of being ) mod = modifier goes / went - there is no category of tense in indonesian , and time of """""""" action """""""" is expressed circumstantially , by adverbs , circumstantial phrases , etc . , also of course by context etc . so , in indonesian we do not intesify the comparative degree of comparison , but have a distinct accelerative """""""" degree of comparison """""""" . the complete paradigm is : comparative : _ lebih cepat _ """""""" faster """""""" accelerative : _ makin cepat _ """""""" ever faster """""""" intensive : _ sangat cepat _ """""""" very fast """""""" superlative : _ paling cepat _ """""""" ( the ) fastest """""""" excessive : _ terlalu cepat _ """""""" too fast """""""" insufficient : _ kurang cepat _ """""""" not fast enough """""""" negative : _ tidak cepat _ """""""" not fast """""""" strictly speaking , of course , this should probably not be seen as the set of forms of degrees of comparison , but a set of adjectival modifiers in combination with an adjective . waruno mahdi * * * * the above cases confirm the pattern that comparative forms tend to be intensified with a universal quatifier if its dynamic implications are to be amplified . the term ' accelerative ' in context of indonesian is illustrative - - although not totally accurate : it is also the only adjectival modification category that is associated with the comparative in the translation ( apart from comparative ' proper ' ) . one could think that the discussed expressions represent a """""""" special case """""""" of comparison , since there is not usually any explicit reference point in the expressions of the ' ever faster ' type ( i . e . a than - complement ) . that is why browne terms the use """""""" free comparative """""""" . on the other hand , there is nothing unusual in the use of this comparative ; it seems to be an application of the temporal comparative as in , for instance : 18 . jack has become faster than before . koenig suggests instead the term """""""" cumulative comparative """""""" , since the development is related to the temporal and the reference is often clearly enough understood in the context ( the term could be better for the indonesian ' accelerative ' too ) : 19 . jack has become ever faster . could in principle be a thinkable notional parallel to 18 ( cf . also 17b above ) . now , 19 ( and 1b for that matter ) may be a bit odd for english speakers , having seen the reactions on ever in my original query . ever is as an intensifier considered to be """""""" stilted , literary , old-fashioned , high-style """""""" , regarded as inference from german immer , or by americans labeled as """""""" british """""""" . instead , most speakers prefer a semantically corresponding expression consisting of conjoined syntactic reduplication : 20 . jack has become / becomes faster and faster . dictionaries and grammars of english also note this construction with the comparative ( zandvoort gives it even a name , """""""" comparative of gradation """""""" ) , so the expressive pattern can be regarded as quite established in english . it is not unique , though . most european languages allow the pattern comp + and + comp at least in informal register , and , i may reveal it now , these kinds of expressions are the object of study in my research on syntactic reduplication in swedish . the principally interesting thing is that languages seem to have different preferences as regards different intensifying patterns . english is perhaps most liberal in rather freely allowing conjoined repetition of type 20 , whereas koenig points out that german prefers expressions with an intensifier ( immer ) . the data i have surveyed seem to suggest that swedish is somewhere in between these two . the pattern comp + and + comp is theoretically interesting in that it expresses the same content as ever by iconicity . repetition stands for iteration and continuity ( ever , allt , sempre , yha """""""" , cada vez ) , coordination enhances the meaning , since it implies with repetition non-simultaneity and asymmetry . even more intriguing is that some linguists ( e . g . koenig , lang ) draw a parallel between coordination and universal quantification . so we have a full circle here . as a final remark , i would like to remind that structures of the kind x + and + x are not limited to the comparative . it is quite usual to hear the use of this pattern with , for instance , verbs in colloquial speech : 21 . jack ran and ran . however , the use has not for some reason become as widely established with verbs . perhaps there is a larger resource of aspectual verbal and adverbial modifiers for verbs than the comparative , and , thus , less need for the somehow ' naive ' iterative pattern . the last assesment does not come out of the blue , but it is traditionally stated that different uses of repetitions are typical of , not only the language of poetry , but also among women and children or in texts designed for children , such as fairy tales ( note : this is merely a quote - - i would not put it in this way ! ) . what does this amount to ? reasonably , repetition is favored in discourse types where ( inter - ) personal involvement has an important role . further comments on the topic are , of course , welcome . the above summary is written in a relative haste , so i apologize for any shortcomings or misunderstandings ! the end of this message contains a list of works referred to . thank you for your interest and have a nice summer ! ( which has been real warm and sunny up here . . . ) jan k . lindstrom scandinavian languages and literature university of helsinki finland references : browne , wayles . 1964 . on adjectival comparisons and reduplication in english . unpublished manuscript . koenig , ekkehard . 1971 . kumulative komparative . in : beitraege zur generativen grammatik . schriften zur linguistik 3 . pp . 100-111 . lang , ewald . 1984 . the semantics of coordination . john benjamins , amsterdam . vendler , zeno . 1967 . each and every and all . in : linguistics in philosophy . cornell university press , ithaca , london . wessen , elias . 1970 . vaart svenska spraak . almqvist & wiksell , stockholm . zandvoort , r . w . 1975 ( 1962 ) . a handbook of english grammar . 7th ed . longman , london .
  """",0
  1593,""""Subject: program - phonology and morphology conference , marburg
   
   phonology and morphology of the germanic languages marburg , philipps - universitaet , august 27 to 29 1997 conference program please note : times are approximate at this moment ! wednesday , august 27 , prosodic phonology 14 . 00 paul kiparsky stanford , usa prosodic divergence of early germanic 15 . 00 patrik bye troms , norway grammar constrains diachrony ! split prominence and accent shift in central scandinavian 16 . 30 tomas riad stockholm , sweden towards a scandinavian accent typology 17 . 30 birgit alber marburg , germany interaction between morphology and stress assignment in optimality theory thursday , august 28 , from phonology to morphology 9 . 00 janet grijzenhout duesseldorf , germany the role of coronal underspecification in german and dutch phonology and morphology 10 . 00 kristjin rnason reykjavek , iceland shortness in icelandic 11 . 30 albert ortmann duesseldorf , germany consonant epenthesis : phonological and morphological restrictions 12 . 30 richard wiese / chris golston marburg , germany / fresno , usa the structure of the root in german : a corpus-based and optimality-theoretic study 14 . 30 jaap van marle amsterdam , netherlands the questionable status of root suffixes 15 . 30 carsten steins duesseldorf , germany against arbitrary features in inflection : the case of the old english declension 17 . 00 gereon mueller tuebingen , germany phonological constraints on binomial formation in german 18 . 00 susanne wurmbrand boston , usa minimal and maximal heads . particles in particular friday , august 29 , prosodic morphology 9 . 00 martin neef koeln , germany the organization of german nominal inflection 10 . 00 jan kooij / harry van der hulst leiden , netherlands prosodic choices and the dutch nominal plural 11 . 30 curt rice minnesota , usa / troms , norway prosodic output constraints on gender assignment : the problem of dual gender in norwegian 14 . 00 ingo plag marburg , germany morphological haplology in a constraint-based morpho-phonology 15 . 00 geert booij amsterdam , netherlands prosodic output conditions versus prosodic input conditions in germanic morphology for more information , look at http : / / staff-www . uni-marburg . de / ~ wiese / phon-morph . html or write to the organizers : kehrein @ mailer . uni-marburg . de wiese @ mailer . uni-marburg . de there is no conference fee . everybody is welcome , but we would like to know about it if you intend to participate !
  """",0
  1594,""""Subject: la thematisation dans les langues
   
   colloque international la thematisation dans les langues organise par le laboratoire elsap ( universite de caen ) et l ' equipe eli ( fontenay - st cloud ) l ' universite de caen ( amphi d5 ) les 9 , 10 et 11 octobre 1997 programme jeudi 9 octobre a partir de 09 . 00 : accueil des participants 09 . 45 : ouverture du colloque 10 . 00 : christine bonnot ( inalco ) : pour une definition formelle et fonctionnelle de la notion de theme ( sur l ' exemple du russe moderne ) 10 . 40 : jean peeters ( universite de bretagne sud ) : thematisation et focalisation : deux principes distincts et complementaires deconstruction du sens 11 . 20 : anne - claude berthoud ( universite de lausanne ) : de la thematisation des objets de discours la thematisation des actes de discours 12 . 00 : nicole le querler ( elsap - universite de caen ) : dislocation et thematisation en francais 12 . 45 : dejeuner 14 . 15 : paul laurendeau ( universite york , toronto ) : thematisation et stabilisation notionnelle en co-enonciation parlee 14 . 55 : marie - claude paris ( universite de paris vii ) : ordre des mots , topique et focus en chinois contemporain 15 . 35 : bernard combettes ( universite de nancy ii ) : thematisation et topicalisation : leur rle respectif dans l ' evolution du francais 16 . 10 : pause 16 . 30 : jacques franckel ( universite de paris x ) et denis paillard ( universite de paris vii ) : considerations sur la thematisation des syntagmes prepositionnels de la forme prep y 17 . 10 : mireille brigaudiot ( iufm versailles ) : quelques remarques sur la thematisation dans le langage d ' un enfant de deux ans 18 . 30 : cocktail vendredi 10 octobre 09 . 00 : catherine fuchs ( elsap , cnrs , paris ) : encore plus belle / plus belle encore : variations sur l ' equilibre thematique de l ' enonce 09 . 40 : anna srs ( universite de paris x ) : topique , focus et ordre des mots en hongrois 10 . 15 : pause 10 . 40 : anne grobet ( universite de geneve ) : la thematisation comme phenomne d ' ancrage dans le discours dialogique 11 . 20 : fernand bentolila ( universite de paris v ) : la thematisation en berbere 12 . 00 : kjersti fldttum ( universite de bergen , norvege ) : quant : thematiseur et focaliseur 12 . 45 : dejeuner 14 . 15 : claude muller ( universite de bordeaux iii ) : la thematisation des indefinis en francais : un paradoxe apparent 14 . 55 : mary - annick morel ( universite de paris iii ) : theme , modus et paragraphe dans l ' oral spontane en francais 15 . 35 : alain delplanque ( universite de tours , cnrs-llacan ) : topicalisation , focalisation , pre-construit ( analyse contrastive dagara-francais ) 16 . 10 : pause 16 . 30 : bruno martinie ( universite de paris x ) et frederique sitri ( universite de paris iii ) : effet rubrique , effet de titre : les limites de la thematisation 17 . 10 : naoyo furukawa ( universite de tsukuba , japon ) : heureusement qu ' il est l : un cas particulier de thematisation 17 . 50 : andree borillo ( universite de toulouse le mirail ) : theme et structure thematique du discours samedi 11 octobre 09 . 00 : mirna velcic-canivez ( universite de lille iii , silex ) : thematis er l ' acte d ' enonciation 09 . 40 : claus - dieter pusch ( albert - ludwigs - universitet freiburg ) : la phrase principale affirmative en gascon - un cas de focalisation figee 10 . 15 : pause 10 . 40 : catherine taine-cheikh ( mrash lyon ) : le cas de l ' objet et le proble de l ' anaphore dans un dialecte arabem 11 . 20 : carmen sorin ( universite de paris vii ) : classes de prdicats , distribution des indefinis et la distinction thetique-categorique 12 . 00 : bernard caron & aliou mahamadou ( cnrs-llacan ) : la specification du terme topique en haoussa et en peul : vers une caracterisation contrastive de la thematisation et de la focalisation 12 . 45 : dejeuner 14 . 15 : svetlana vogeleer ( institut libre marie haps , bruxelles ) : la subordonnee temporelle postposee et la thematicite 14 . 55 : elisabeth stark ( institut fur romanische philologie , munich ) : anteposition et marquage du theme ( topic ) dans les dialogues spontaneous : paul siblot ( universite de montpellier iii ) : entre theme et predicat , les enonces monotermes renseignements , inscriptions : claude guimier laboratoire elsap , bt sciences 1er cycle universite de caen , esplanade de la paix 14032 caen cedex tel . : 02 31 56 56 27 fax : 02 31 56 54 27 e - mail : cguimier @ elsap . unicaen . fr fiche d ' inscription ( renvoyer au plus tard pour le 19 / 09 / 1997 nom : prenom : institution : adresse : tel . : fax : e - mail : les frais d ' inscription ( 300f . ) couvrent , entre autres , les repas du midi au restaurant universitaire . le repas du vendredi soir ( menu normand dans un restaurant en ville ) est en supplement ( 200f ) je prendrai les repas du midi suivants au restaurant universitaire : le 9 octobre : oui non le 10 octobre : oui non le 11 octobre : oui non je joins un cheque de 300f ( droits d ' inscription ) ou un cheque de 500f ( droits d ' inscription et repas du vendredi soir ) l ' ordre de m . l ' agent comptable de l ' universite de caen le : signature : claude guimier laboratoire elsap bat . sciences 1er cycle , 101 esplanade de la paix 14032 caen cedex tel . 0231565827 fax . 0231565427
  """",0
  1595,""""Subject: jobs : tesol instructor
   
   job announcement tesol ( teaching english as a second / other language ) instructor mary washington college seeks applicants for a part-time instructor to teach english linguistics in the fall 1997 semester in its tesol certificate program . the position will bring with it the possiblity of teaching more linguistics / tesol courses in the future . qualifications : ph . d . preferred in linguistics , applied linguistics , or closely related field ; experience in teaching english as a second language and / or experience with tesol education . send letter of application , curriculum vitae , a list of three references , and copies of transcripts to : tesl search box 615 mary washington college fredericksburg , va 22401-5358 deadline for receipt of materials is july 25 , 1997 by 5 p . m . postmarks will not be honored . telephone inquiries should be directed to the center for graduate and continuing education ( 540-654 - 1038 ) . mary washington college is deeply committed to affirmative action and encourages minorities and women to apply .
  """",0
  1596,""""Subject: a linguistics consulting assignment ( correction )
   
   telephone numbers were missing l&a is a computer consulting firm base in new york with clients in the research and development field . we currently have a linguistics opening for a contract employee for a minimum of 6 months ( with possible multiple extensions ) . the following is a description of the position . location : weschester county , new york ( 35 miles north of new york city ) duration : 6 months ( with possible multiple extensions ) . salary : open job description : we are looking for a candidate with a degree in linguistics with particular focus on phonetics and phonology . us and canadian diealectology and lexicography is a must . ability to generate pronunciations for major european languages ( french , german , spanish and italian ) of words and names . demonstrated ability to interact with researchers , academics , physicians , attorneys and other professionals on a peer basis . several years experience in speech recognition / experience in text-to - speech and natural-language processing , preferably as evidenced by academic publications . demonstrated ability to oversee and administer a project from initial planning to completion - independently ability to travel approximately 15-25 weeks per year . much preferred to have good communications skills in french ( actually canadian french is fine ) . edward pellon director of personnel services l&a tel . 914 967 9544 fax . 914 967 3620 e - mail : pellon @ ibm . net
  """",0
  1597,""""Subject: empathetic deixis comments
   
   on june 15 i posted a query about empathetic deixis . so far i ' ve received several suggestions and comments whose summary i 'd like to share with you and at the same time thank the people who helped . the first to write back was nik gisborne of cambridge ( nsg22 @ cus . cam . ac . uk ) who referred me to sylvia adamson 's treatment of empathetic narrative where she treats subjectivity as a species of deixis ( susan wright and dieter stein , eds . _ subjectivity and subjectivisation _ cambridge university press , 1995 . dan loehr of georgetown university ( loehrd @ gsun . acc . georgetown . edu ) referred me to buehler 's _ theory of language _ ( sprachtheorie ) , 1934 translated by d . goodwin , john benjamin , 1990 ; fillmore , c . _ santa cruz lectures on deixis , indiana university lingusitics club , 1975 ; lyons , john , _ deixis as the source of reference _ , laut , trier , 1973 ; both lyons ' books intro to theoretical linguistics and semantics , vol . 2 ; lyons , j . , """""""" deixis and anaphora """""""" in t . myers , ed . _ the development of conversation and discourse _ , edinburgh university press , 1979 . lynne hewitt ( leh5 @ psu . edu ) , and a little later , william rapaport ( rapaport @ cs . buffalo . edu ) both pointed out that the texts in duchan , j . , bruder , g $ hewitt , l . ( eds . ) _ deixis in narrative : a cognitive science perspective _ , hillsdale , nj , lawrence earlbaum , 1995 should be taken a look at . in her chapter """""""" reduced anaphor in subjective contexts """""""" lynne analyzes the use of extended stretches of pronominalization for purpose of indicating subjective contexts in popular fiction . there are also chapters on unspeakable sentences ( ann banfield ) , empathy in syntax ( kuno ) , subjective contexts in japanese ( kuroda ) . anne reboul ( anne . reboul @ loria . fr ) wrote saying that she 'd written several papers on the topic , mainly centered on personal pronouns and suggested consulting casta * neda 's work . lynne hewitt added that buehler 's article translated into english as """""""" the deicitic field of language and deictic words """""""" ( r . jarvella $ w . klein , _ speech , place and action : studies in deixis and related topics , pp . 9-30 , wiley ) could be useful , as well as the books by jerome bruner _ actual minds , possible worlds _ , harvard university press , 1986 , and kaete hamburger , die logik der dichtung , ernst kleist verlag , 1957 tr . into english as _ the logic of literature _ , indiana university press , 1973 . finally i had marcus maia ( maia @ acd . ufrj . br ) suggesting lyons ' _ semantics _ ( i presume vol . 2 ) . sincere thanks to all . djordje vidanovic , university of nis .
  """",0
  1598,""""Subject: telri 3rd european seminar - announcement
   
   telri - trans - european language resources infrastructure third european seminar : """""""" translation equivalence - theory and practice """""""" montecatini , tuscany , italy october 16-18 , 1997 - under the patronage of the european commission - * * first announcement * * ( apologies for duplicates ) """""""" there is no point in denying the concept of translation . the fact is translation is a necessity on economic and general human grounds . moreover , the fact of translation is a main challenge both to linguistics and to philosophy . """""""" j . r . firth """""""" linguistic analysis and translation """""""" the concerted action telri ( trans - european language resources infrastructure ) invites you to participate in the third european seminar translation equivalence - theory and practice , to be held on october 16-18 , 1997 in the famous spa town of montecatini ( between florence and lucca ) in italy . the seminar is organised by telri in conjunction with the tuscan word centre ( twc ) in pescia - vellano . the seminar will assess the achievements of existing translation software and try to propose new approaches that could radically improve their performance . our experience so far suggests that we need a huge increase in linguistic knowledge before we can construct software that can deal successfully with natural language semantics , i . e . software that replicates the human faculty of understanding texts . the seminar will introduce a variety of approaches that will help us to provide the translation knowledge necessary for a new generation of translation tools . it will present the findings of the telri project on the multilingual plato corpus and offer new ideas for the exploitation of parallel texts . it will demonstrate how the bridge dictionaries can be used as a lexicon of translation equivalents . registration fee : dm 400 , - ( until august 31 ) , including participation in the seminar , opening and closing receptions , banquet , and coffee breaks . ( for a limited number of participants from countries with restricted currency convertibility , the registration fee may be negotiated . ) late registration fee ( after august 31 ) : dm 500 , - social event fee for accompanying persons : dm 120 , - registration is possible via fax , e-mail , and surface mail . on - line registration is also possible via the seminar www page given below . for further information on the third european seminar and on the telri concerted action in general , please refer to the following url : http : / / www . ids-mannheim . de / telri / tuscany97 . html or send an e-mail to : telri @ ids-mannheim . de . coordinator dr . wolfgang teubert abt . lexik ( dept . of lexical studies ) institut fuer deutsche sprache postfach 10 16 21 d-68016 mannheim , germany fax / phone : + 49 621 1581-415 e - mail : telri @ ids-mannheim . de
  """",0
  1599,""""Subject: student phonology workshop at ling . inst .
   
   student phonology workshop and poster session at the 1997 lsa linguistic institute saturday , july 26 goldwin smith hall , hollis e . cornell auditorium cornell university , ithaca , ny schedule of papers 8 : 30 registration - fee : $ 5 for institute participants , $ 12 . 50 for others 9 : 00 tracking a rule across eastern bantu africa , jeanine ntihirageza , university of chicago 9 : 25 non - adjacency in dissimilation , caroline jones , umass amherst 9 : 50 break 10 : 10 paradigmatic infixation in miskito , vivian lin , mit 10 : 35 the interaction of infixation and reduplication in tagalog , tivoli majors , university of texas at austin 11 : 00 vocalic hiatus resolution in kisi , carolyn smallwood & trisha causley , university of toronto 11 : 25 lunch 1 : 30 poster session 3 : 00 phonetic evidence against the feature [ fortis ] in swiss german , bill ham , cornell university 3 : 25 phonetic analysis of asymmetry of korean / s / in phonology , joo - kyeong lee , university of illinois 3 : 50 break 4 : 00 dutch rimes : the interaction between syllable weight and sonority of coda consonants , caro struijke , university of maryland 4 : 25 across - word regressive assimilation in picard : an optimality theoretic analysis , walcir cardoso , mcgill university 8 : 00 phonology party , under the tent behind risley hall economical accommodations are available in the institute dorms . for more information , read about short term housing on the institute web site : http : / / www . sce . cornell . edu / cuss / lsa . html if you have questions , feel free to e-mail lisa lavoie at lml1 @ cornell . edu
  """",0
  1600,""""Subject: 2nd call for papers : dgfs meeting 1998
   
   call for papers as part of the annual meeting of the german linguistic society ( deutsche gesellschaft fuer sprachwissenschaft ) , to be held in halle ( saale ) , germany , march 4 - 6 1998 , there will be a workshop ( arbeitsgruppe ) on the following topic : the role of functional categories in language contact and change in current syntactic theory functional categories play an important role in determining the structure of clauses and noun phrases . while in ` regular ' language change the content of functional categories seems to be relatively stable , in many language contact situations , e . g . creolization , code-switching , functional categories are lost and , subsequently , reconstituted . a major issue hereby is on which grammatical knowledge speakers model the reconstitution of these elements . some of the specific questions to be adressed in this session are : ( i ) which functional categories are necessarily reconstituted , and which are not ? this relates to the issues of universality ( or ug - compatibility ) and markedness of functional categories ; ( ii ) what type of functional categories are reconstituted : those that contribute to meaning ( lf - interpretable ) , or those that only convey grammatical information , or both ? ; ( iii ) which lexical categories are used as a model for reconstitution and , consequently , are reinterpreted as functional categories ? ; ( iv ) from which language ( s ) in the contact situation are the ( lexical or grammatical ) elements drawn used for reconstitution of functional categories ? papers will are relevant to this topic are invited . papers should take 30 minutes , to be followed by 15 minutes of discussion . a one-page abstract should be sent ( preferably by e-mail ) to the organizer ( address below ) by september 1 , 1997 . dr . t . veenstra instituut voor algemene taalwetenschap universiteit van amsterdam spuistraat 210 nl-1012 vt amsterdam tel 00 . 31 . 20 . 525 . 3858 fax 00 . 31 . 20 . 525 . 3021 e-mail t . veenstra @ let . uva . nl
  """",0
  1601,""""Subject: re : 8 . 988 , disc : evolution analytic > synthetic
   
   i want to respond to part of a post which particularly caught my attention .
  """",0
  1602,""""Subject: intercultural communication
   
   dear colleagues ! some time ( or rather a long time ) ago , i posted a query to the list asking for information on research activities regarding intercultural communication . please excuse me for writing this summary so late , but two kids have been keeping me rather busy . i would like to thank all respondants for the valuable information that was supplied to me . as almost everyone expressed their wish to get into contact with others working in this area , i have included your e-mail addresses in the following summary . anne barron < abarron @ ollamh . ucd . ie > ( university college dublin , ireland ) is doing a phd , studying the effects of a year abroad on the development of pragmatic competence among second language learners of german and is interested in the development of pragmatic competence in general . sangeeta bagga - gupta < sangeeta . bagga-gupta @ hoe . se > ( university of linkping , sweden ) has done an ethnographic description of the communication environment at the ngo , where women from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds are employed . christine anthonissen < canthoni @ artsn . uwc . acz > ( university of western cape , south africa ) is co-author of a book titled """""""" communication across cultures in south - africa - toward a critical language awareness """""""" , which she uses to teach undergraduates . laura chao - chih liao < ccliao @ fcusqnt . fcn . edu . tw > ( feng chia university , taiwan ) has published several books and articles on different aspects of intercultural communication , contrastive pragmatics , discourse analysis and gender differences , all related to chinese and american english . peter kistler < pkbdg @ ibm . net > ( universitas padjadjaran , bandung , indonesia ) applies ethnomethodological conversation analysis to german - indonesian conversations . he is especially interested in """""""" critical incidents """""""" and discourse structure . tom koole < tom . koole @ let . ruu . nl > ( utrecht institute of linguistics , netherlands ) has published articles relating to intercultural communication in team discourse and business negotiations . susan meredith burt < burt @ vaxa . cis . uwosh . edu > ( university of wisconsin oshkosh , usa ) is working in the area of native / non-native interaction , particularly on issues of linguistic accomodation by native speakers to non-native speakers . hannes kniffka < ssp01 @ rs1 . rrz . uni - koeln . de > has published a book titled """""""" elements of culture - contrastive linguistics """""""" , which summarizes empirical and practical consequences for analyses of intercultural communication , especially related to the cultures of saudi - arabia , china and maroc . laura hartley < hartleyl @ pilot . msu . edu > ( michigan state university , usa ) focusses on linguistic details of politeness in the speech act situation of complaints . sally hunt < lish @ warthog . ru . ac . za > ( rhodes university , south africa ) has completed an ma thesis on interaction in small group teaching at university , focussing on gender and culture , and how these two factors affect the amount and kind of participation of the various students . alain dawson < orfqe @ nordnet . fr > ( university of paris , france ) is doing research on the mutual intelligibility of slavic languages , especially on """""""" how russians understand texts written in other slavic languages without having learnt them . """""""" shikaripur n . sridhar < ssridhar @ ccmail . sunysb . edu > ( state university of new york at stony brook ) will be happy to provide information on """""""" international varieties of english """""""" and """""""" non - native intitutionalized varieties of english """""""" . melanie siegel < siegel @ dfki . uni-sb . de > ( deutsches forschungsinstitut fuer kuenstliche intelligenz , saarbruecken , germany ) did a phd thesis on translation mismatches in japanese - german translations . anita fetzer < anita . fetzer @ po . uni-stuttgart . de > ( universiteat stuttgart , germany ) has written her phd thesis on negative interactions . she has developed a model which explains linguistic preferences regarding refusals , and she has tried to apply this model to second language teaching . patricia haegman < fte . haegeman . p @ alpha . ufsia . ac . be > ( university of antwerp , belgium ) teaches courses in intercultural communication , both in interpersonal and business talk . she has written her phd on """""""" business english in flanders , a study of lingua franca telephone interaction . """""""" bernd mueller - jacquier < mue-jac @ phil . tu-chemnitz . de > ( technische universitaet chemnitz , germany ) is head of the department for intercultural communication at technische universitaet chemnitz , where several courses on different aspects of intercultural communication are being tought . you can visit their homepage , which also includes an interesting bibliography at http : / / www . tu-chemnitz . de / phil / ikk / myself , i completed my phd """""""" english as a medium of intercultural communication : an analysis of non - native - / non - native speaker discourse """""""" in 1995 . i analysed discourse structural ( topic development , turn-taking etc . ) and politeness phenomena . currently , i am doing two projects both in the area of intercultural communication . one investigates gender and culture as possible factors influencing the ability to successfully communicate in intercultural situations . this study focusses on japanese , korean and german speakers using english as a lingua franca and examines discourse structural as well as politeness phenomena . in a second project , a japanese colleague ( yuko sugita < yuko @ phil-fak . uni-duesseldorf . de > ) and myself take a look at more formal situations , i . e . intercultural interaction in japanese companies . we hope to find out about the linguistic differences between japanese and german business communication and the way these influence japanese and german speakers ' use of english as a communication tool . i hope to be able to update this list from time to time . so , if you happen to know anybody , who wants to share her / his knowledge on intercultural communication with others , please ask her / him to send me an e-mail . this list will also be accessibly via my homepage ( http : / / www-public . rz . uni-duesseldorf . de / + meierkor ) in about a month . best wishes to everybody dr . christiane meierkord heinrich - heine - universitaet duesseldorf modernes japan universitaetsstr . 1 40225 duesseldorf tel . : + 49 ( 0 ) 211 - 81-14709 e-mail : meierkor @ uni-duesseldorf . de
  """",0
  1603,""""Subject: summary of responses to psycholinguistics query
   
   in linguist 8 . 981 , i posted the following query : > if an ambiguous word has a strongly dominant sense , > is that sense most likely to be the one actually selected in neutral > contexts ? of course the intuitive answer seems obivously to be """""""" yes , """""""" > but i have n't found any formal studies affirming this , as most studies > do not explicitly relate dominance bias or strength of activation with > the processes of sense selection . > two more general questions : have the findings of tabossi > pretty much spelled an end to a purely modularist view of lexial > processing ? > and finally , to what extent are connectionist explanations of lexical > processing like kawamoto 's ( see below ) gaining credence among > psycholinguists ? the sole respondent was james fidelholtz , who , although he could n't directly address my questions , pointed out a very useful compilation of sense-frequencies for common english words : michael west , _ a general service list of english words _ ( 1953 ) , longman . thanks , dave = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - david wharton department of classical studies 237 mciver building the university of north carolina at greensboro greensboro , nc 27412-5001 email : whartond @ uncg . edu tel . ( 910 ) 334-5214 = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = -
  """",0
  1604,""""Subject: iatl 14 : preliminary announcement
   
   iatl 14 , the 14th annual meeting of the israeli association for theoretical linguistics , will be held in ben gurion university , beersheva , on june 8 - 9 1998 . a more detailed cfp will follow in approx 2 months .
  """",0
  1605,""""Subject: programme cssp97
   
   - - - - - colloque de syntaxe et semantique de paris cssp 1997 the paris syntax and semantics conference 16-18 octobre 1997 universite paris 7 denis diderot , campus jussieu , 2 , place jussieu , 75005 paris . conferenciers invites / invited speakers : guglielmo cinque , donka farkas , hans kamp , ruth kempson , ivan a . sag 1 . programme programme provisoire / provisional program jeudi 16 octobre 9h - 9h10 : ouverture du colloque 9h10 - 10h10 : conferencier invite , h . kamp ( stuttgart ) ( titre preciser ) semantique / semantics 10h30 - 11h : c . condoravdi ( cycorp ) , presuppositional underspecification : the case of ' ksana ' 11h - 11h30 : l . dekydtspotter ( indiana ) , futur proche et futur simple : reference et quantification 11h30 - 12h : s . gennari ( brown u . ) , tense , aktionsart and sequence of tenses 12h - 12h30 : j . lecarme ( cnrs-2lc ) , nominal tense and tense theory - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - syntaxe / syntax 14h - 14h30 : d . pesetsky ( mit ) , the interpretation of immovability 14h30 - 15h : j . aoun ( u . of south california ) , j . nunes ( unicamp ) , vehicle change and move f 15h30 - 16h : j . - p . koenig ( suny ) , k . lambrecht ( u . of texas ) , french relative clauses as secondary predicates : a case study in construction theory 16h - 16h30 : l . sadler ( essex ) , lexical integrity , small constructions and the morpho-syntax of welsh clitics 16h30 - 17h : s . kahane ( talana ) , i . melc ' uk ( college de france ) , synthese des phrases extraction : aspects semantiques et syntaxiques 17h - 17h30 : d . kolliakou ( groningen ) , towards an inflectional theory of definiteness 17h30 - 19h30 : reception 19h30 - 20h30 : conferencier invite : ivan a sag ( stanford ) satisfying constraints on extraction and adjunction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - vendredi 17 octobre 9h - 10h : conferencier invite : cinque ( venise ) , on the positions of negative phrases syntaxe - semantique / syntax - semantics 10h30 - 11h : m . honcoop ( hil leiden ) , reconstruction in and of itself 11h - 11h30 : j . kuhn ( ims stuttgart ) , the syntax and semantics of split nps and floating quantifiers in lexical functional grammar 11h30 - 12h : b . crysmann ( saarbrucken ) , ( im ) proper quantifiers and clitic placement in european portuguese 12h - 12h30 : d . hardt ( villanova ) , a dynamic identity theory of ellipsis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - semantique / semantics 14h - 14h30 : f . newmeyer ( u . of washington ) , the perceptual deictic construction in english 14h30 - 15h : h . demirdache ( u . of british columbia ) , on descriptions in ( lilloet ) salish 15h - 15h30 : c . pinon ( dusseldorf ) , on a distributive marker in polish 16h - 16h30 : i . derzhanski ( bulgarian academy of sciences ) , monotonicity and interrogation 16h30 - 17h : a . franck ( rank xerox ) , deontic conditionals and conterfactual asymmetry 17h - 17h30 : r . van valin ( suny ) , generalized semantic roles and the syntax - semantics interface - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - samedi 18 octobre : les indefinis / indefinites 9h - 10h : conferencier invite : r . kempson ( londres ) on concepts of scope - a dynamic perspective 10h30 - 11h : a . giannakidou ( groningen ) , free - choice indefinites in greek 11h - 11h30 : l . m . tovena ( geneve ) , j . jayez ( ehess ) , irreference vs . non-veridicality : the case of any 11h30 - 12h : m . becker ( ucla ) , the some indefinites 12h - 12h30 : i . comorovski ( nancy ) , functional indefinites and the proportion problem - - - - - - - - - 14h - 14h30 : a . cohen , n . erteschik - shir ( ben - gurion u ) . , are bare plurals indefinites ? 14h30 - 15h : l . mcnally ( barcelone ) , v . van geenhoven ( nimegue ) , redefining the weak / strong distinction 15h30 - 16h : t . reinhart ( ots / tel aviv ) , y . winter ( ots ) , the quantificational origins of ' referential ' indefinites 16h30 - 17h30 : conferencier invite : d . farkas ( santa - cruz ) ( titre preciser ) reserve / alternates syntaxe / syntax : c . kennedy ( northwestern u ) , j . merchant , ( ucsc ) , comparatives and bound ellipsis syntaxe - semantique / syntax - semantics : m . butt ( xerox parc ) , t . holloway king ( stanford ) , focus , adjacency and nonspecificity m . - h . cote ( mit ) , variables situationnelles et individuelles dans la quantification existentielle : vers une solution la restriction sur les sn definis semantique / semantics t . kurafuji ( rutgers ) , definiteness of koto in japanese and its nullification les indefinis / indefinites : m . romero ( umass ) , intensional functional readings and transparency e . villalta ( umass ) , g . boye ( paris 7 ) , combien de n . . . ? combien . . . de n ? , quelle est la question ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - for further information , contact : daniele godard , universite paris 7 , linguistique . email : cssp97 @ linguist . jussieu . fr www : http / / www . linguist . jussieu . fr / ~ cssp97 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cssp 97 universite paris 7 linguistique ufrl , case 7003 2 place jussieu 75251 paris - cedex 05 france email : cssp97 @ linguist . jussieu . fr http : / / www . linguist . jussieu . fr / ~ cssp97 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  1606,""""Subject: disc : grammar in uk schools
   
   on thu , 3 july 1997 , larry koch wrote : > i read your contribution to the linguist list after having it forwarded > to me , and i must say i am disappointed to see a teacher of english > promoting the fallacy of the """""""" split infinitive """""""" . there simply is no > such thing . > > first , the """""""" to """""""" particle is not always a part of the infinite ( e . g . > after modal verbs ) . > > second , placing the adverb between """""""" to """""""" and the infinitive is often > the only way the sentence makes sense , in terms of modifying the verb . > likewise , placing the adverb elsewhere often makes the sentence less > understandable . i think you have misunderstood what i was saying in my contribution to the list . i do not ` promote the fallacy of the split infinitive ' . the syllabus which i teach requires a descriptive rather than a prescriptive approach . the questions set by the external examining board , however , often require the students to show their commitment to descriptivism by commenting critically on various prescriptive rules laid down in the past , as in the orwell example . they need to know what actives , passives and infinitives are before they can do this . the sixteen-year - old students who come to me have usually been taught no terminology at all , apparently because their teachers have been terrified of being prescriptive . i know and teach that not all infinitives contain ` to ' . i also give the students examples ( e . g . ` i asked him to kindly apologise ' ) where placing the adverb anywhere else would cause ambiguity . jennifer chew
  """",0
  1607,""""Subject: call for reviewers / new url for call site
   
   call @ chorus , < http : / / www-writing . berkeley . edu / chorus / call / index . html > ; , is a web-based resource offering detailed reviews of software and books targeted towards language students and instructors . we also feature demonstrations of the latest in cutting edge call demos , and a carefully selected index of call links to interesting and relevant sites on the web . we are currently inviting all those interested in reviewing computer assisted language learning software and / or books to submit a current resume with a cover letter detailing their background and experience with call as well as any specific language or regional interests that they might have . submissions should be made via email to the section editor , jim duber , < dub @ sirius . com > . please send all documents in one of the following text formats : ascii ( i . e . , email only ) , rich - text ( i . e . , rtf ) , word 6 or earlier , or pdf . feel free to contact me with any questions you might have on this . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * note : call @ chorus has just moved to our new sponsor : * * uc berkeley 's college writing programs * * we ' re newly designed , newly updated , new content too . * * our old site at http : / / www . chorus . cycor . ca / duber / * * will soon be phased out . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * best wishes , jim ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ jim duber , editor c a l l @ c h o r u s dub @ sirius . com http : / / www-writing . berkeley . edu / chorus / call ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
  """",0
  1608,""""Subject: european language resources association
   
   elra news * * * price cuts on the m2vts database * * * following all the requests regarding the speech database m2vts ( ref . elra-s0021 ) , we are happy to announce a substantial price reduction for this database . the new prices have been set in agreement with the m2vts provider . for elra members = > 250 ecu ( used to be 900 ! ) for non members = > 500 ecu ( used to be 1490 ! ) the database is available for research purposes only . please note that the entire catalogue of elra resources can be found on the elra web site : http : / / www . icp . grenet . fr / elra / home . html - please follow the links - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * + for further information , please contact : + + elra / elda + + 87 , avenue d ' italie + + 75013 paris + + tel : + 33 1 45 86 53 00 + + fax : + 33 1 45 86 44 88 + + e - mail : info-elra @ calva . net + + http : / / www . icp . grenet . fr / elra / home . html + * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  1609,""""Subject: console 6 - last call for papers !
   
   console 6 - call for papers the sixth meeting of the student organization of linguistics in europe ( console ) will be held at the university of lisbon from 15 until 17 december . sole aims at providing students of generative linguistics with a possibility of gaining international experience and a publication forum of their own . furthermore sole strives at enhancing contacts and cooperation between students of generative linguistics in europe and around the world . papers are solicited in the field of generative linguistics , more specifically in , but not limited to , phonology , morphology , semantics , sign language , language acquisition and syntax . please send 4 anonymous ( plus one with your name , affiliation , address and e-mail address ) copies of an abstract of maximally two pages , including references , diagrams and examples using at least a 10 - point font to : console 6 ( a \ c ines duarte ) departmento de linguistica geral e romanica faculdade de letras universidade de lisboa cidade universitaria 1699 lisboa codex portugal the deadline for submission is 1 august , 1997 . abstracts received after august the 1st will not be considered . abstracts can only be submitted by regular mail . the following people will be happy to answer any questions you may have at the fax number and e-mail address below : local organizers : sole board : ines duarte joao costa isabel hub faria rob goedemans maria joao freitas ruben van de vijver anabela goncalves tina cambier madalena colac , o + 351 - 1-7960063 sole @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl
  """",0
  1610,""""Subject: germanic linguistics & philology
   
   the web site of the society for germanic philology ( sgp ) has moved to the following address : www . germanic . ohio-state . edu / sgp / the sgp embraces all areas of and approaches to germanic linguistics and philology , from formal syntax and phonology through historical linguistics to textual editing and includes scholars interested in all germanic languages , from modern german , netherlandic and yiddish to old english , scandinavian and gothic . the web site features information about the sgp , its membership , its goals and administration . in addition , the full text of the biannual newsletter of the society is available , and visitors to the site will find editorial information about the society 's journal , the american journal of germanic linguistics and literature ( ajgll ) . a first call for papers has been posted for the fourth annual germanic linguistics conference , to be held at ohio state in april 1998 . gregor hens department of germanic languages & literatures the ohio state university www . germanic . ohio-state . edu / faculty / gh /
  """",0
  1611,""""Subject: summary : even if
   
   dear linguists , on linguist list : vol . 8-959 ( 25 / 07 / 1997 ) , i posted the following query . three people responded to my investigation . my great thanks goes to the following people . since their judgements varied , i labelled a , b and c to them just for convenience in writing this summary . a : m . lynne roecklein < lynne @ cc . gifu-u . ac . jp > b : laura gonnerman < gonnerman @ scf . usc . edu > c : gary h . toops < toops @ twsuvm . uc . twsu . edu > the query and summary are as follows . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i have been working on some probelms of the meanings of """""""" even if """""""" , especially the following so-called consequent-entailment reading of """""""" even if """""""" . please help me check the accptablities of the following sentences . are the following sentences acceptable or have natural flow of interpretation ? please put ok , ? or * in each slot and comments , if any . if the sentences you judge are unacceptable , what kind of context would you consider to increase the acceptabilities ? ( 1 ) ( a : * ; b : ok ; c : ? ) ( context : my employer is so puritanical that he would fire me if i behaved in what he considered a libertine manner . ) """""""" even if """""""" my wife smoked cigarettes , he would fire me , but , since she would n't ever smoke , he won't fire me . comment of a : the ' even if ' clause is ok with with """""""" he . . . me """""""" , but the second halfdoesn ' t match . no one would ever phrase this combination of ideas this way . it has a split focus . is the topic the extent of the employer 's puritanism ( first half ) , or the likelihood / unlikelihood of the speaker 's being fired ( second half ) . i find even my japanese colleagues do this split focus thing all the time . such sentences are extremely difficult and often impossible to parse in any natural way . it took several years of familiarity with japanese versions of english for me even to identify what is going on in sentences like this . i 'd love to know an effective way to explain to japanese students of english why this won't work and maybe more important , how to recognize that they ' ve pro9duced an illicit split focus construction . ( 2 ) ( a : ? ? ? ; b : ok ; c : ? ) """""""" even if """""""" you drink just a little , your boss will fire you , but , since you sruely won't drink at all , he won't fire you . comment of a : a ) """""""" """""""" even if . . . will fire you """""""" is most easily interpreted as habitual , while """""""" you surely * won't * drink at all """""""" would designate a single event in the future . these sit uneasily together . b ) since drinking a lot is antithetical to drinking a little , the last clause must imply that the boss is thinking of firing the addressee for some other reason . in this case , interpeting the first half according to a ) above , there can be no connection between the firing and the drinking and the sentence fails by virtue of non-entailment . on the other hand , if one * goes back * and reinterprets the ' you ' in the first half merely as the addressee , then the sentence might be possible , given that condition b ) abvove represents the real state of affairs . it would also be implied that the boss needs just a little bit more reason to actualy execute the firing . the final clause would sound better with """""""" can't """""""" than with """""""" won't """""""" , however , in this scenario . ( 3 ) ( a : * * ; b : * ; c : * ) """""""" even if """""""" you drink just a little , your boss will fire you , but since you surely drink a lot , he won't fire you . comment of a : the action posited by the """""""" even if """""""" clause is already a maximum limit . the sentence is logically impossible . comment of b : but if you continue the sentence as below then it is fine by me . ( 3 ) ( ok ) """""""" even if """""""" you drink just a little , your boss will fire you , but since you surely drink a lot , he won't fire you , you ' ll get fed up and quit before he gets a chance . ( 4 ) ( a : ok ; b : ok ; c : ? ) if it doesn ' rain , the game will continue . """""""" even if """""""" it rains lightly , the game will continue ; but if it rains heavily , the rain will be cancelled . i ' m sorry i ' ve made a mistake here . the final clause should be , the game will be cancelled , as roecklein ( a ) pointed out . ( 5 ) ( a : * * ; b : * ; c : * ) if it does n't rain , the game will continue . """""""" even if """""""" it rains lightly , the game will be cancelled ; but if it rains heavily , the game will continue . comment of a : nonsense , in order and logic . comment of b : okay if you continue with something like : ( 5 ) ( ok ) if it does n't rain , the game will continue . """""""" even if """""""" it rains lightly , the game will be cancelled ; but if it rains heavily , the game will continue , but it will be moved to an indoor arena . ( 6 ) ( a : * * ; b : ? ; c : * ) """""""" even if """""""" the president were to get ingestion tonight , the cease-fire would end , but , if we resume negotiations with the enemy for a treaty of peace , it will continue . i ' m sorry i ' ve mistyped the word here too . ingestion should be indigestion . comment of a : i would imagine rather that indigestion would contribute to the end of the ceasefire . ( 7 ) ( a : ok ; b : ok ; c : ? ) """""""" even if """""""" my wife smoked cigarettes , i would not scold her , but , if she ever broke my favorite dishes , i would scold her . comment of a : """""""" scold her """""""" should nto be repeated at the end . very unnatural . ( 8 ) ( a : ? ; b : ? ; c : ? ) """""""" even if """""""" my wife smokes cigarettes , i will not scold her , but , if she breaks my favorite dishes , i will scold her . comment of a : underlying logic ok . i do n't like """""""" even if """""""" with the indicative present verb because i like to mark conditionals on the verb , but i ' m aware that this usage is in process of change . same proviso as above for the repeated """""""" scold her . """""""" the preferences of conditionals in even if clause over the indicative present are the same to all three people . however , i found many examples of the indicative type . this seems a matter of individual preferences . comment of b : ( 8 ) ( ok ) """""""" even if """""""" my wife smokes cigarettes at the dinner table , i will not scold her , but , if she breaks my favorite dishes , i will scold her . comment of c : to make sense of many of your contexts , i had to postpose the """""""" even if """""""" clause , e . g . , """""""" i will not scold my wife , even if she smokes cigarettes . """""""" placing the """""""" even if """""""" clause first in the sentence makes it more emphatic . my own summary : ( 3 ) and ( 5 ) are judged logically impossible as i have expected . but i do not understand laura gonnerman 's rephrasing ok sentence of ( 5 ) . ( 6 ) is also judged unnnatural to all the three people though i expected it would be ok . it seems to me the final clause cahnges the situation and focus of the sentence . why not ok ? finally , i must apologize to you all about the use of """""""" scold """""""" in the final two sentences . one person reminded me of the bad implication of husband 's scolding his wife . i did n't notice it . in japan , too , a husband who """""""" scold """""""" his wife is an arrogant person these days . thank you very much for your help . please make further comments , if any , on this usage . i ' ll be glad to make a reply . hiroaki tanaka associate professor faculty of integrated arts and sciences tokushima university , japan 1 - 1 , minamijousanjioma , tokushima , 770 , japan phone & fax : + 81 886 56 7125 e-mail : hiro-t @ ias . tokushima-u . ac . jp
  """",0
  1612,""""Subject: 24th university of wisconsin - milwaukee linguistics symposium :
   
   conference announcement change of date 24th university of wisconsin - milwaukee linguistics symposium : discourse across languages and cultures . our 24th symposium has been rescheduled . the symposium will be held september 10-12 , 1998 . we apologize any inconvenience this rescheduling may create , and for any multiple postings . contact person : mike darnell darnell @ csd . uwm . edu
  """",0
  1613,""""Subject: 32 . linguistisches kolloquium kassel
   
   32nd colloquium of linguistics all fields of linguistics september 17-19 , 1997 university of kassel germany ab sofort koennen sie die neuesten informationen , darunter das aktuelle programm , termin - und adressenuebersichten sowie eine formularmaske zur anmeldung als passiver teilnehmer am kongress im www abrufen : http : / / www . uni-kassel . de / fb9 / sprachw / lk / welcome . htm
  """",0
  1614,""""Subject: re : 8 . 1044 , disc : grammar in schools
   
   ( re message from : linguist @ linguistlist . org ) > > linguist list : vol-8 - 1044 . sat jul 12 1997 . issn : 1068-4875 . > > subject : 8 . 1044 , disc : grammar in schools > > i know and teach that not all infinitives contain ` to ' . i also give > the students examples ( e . g . ` i asked him to kindly apologise ' ) where > placing the adverb anywhere else would cause ambiguity . > > jennifer chew an example i once concocted to justify """""""" splitting the infintive """""""" ( or not , as the case may be ) is : a ) after a heavy meal , i prepared slowly to go home digesting b ) after a heavy meal , i prepared to slowly go home digesting c ) after a heavy meal , i prepared to go home slowly digesting in this context , with the possible exception of the third case , the natural ( and therefore near-enough unambiguous ) association of the adverb is as follows : a ) after a heavy meal , i prepared _ slowly to go home digesting b ) after a heavy meal , i prepared to slowly _ go _ home digesting c ) after a heavy meal , i prepared to go home slowly _ digesting ( this was long ago , when you got glared at for splitting an infinitive regardless of whether it was the only place to put the adverb so as to express what you meant and not something else : this example achieved , as nearly as i could , three quite distinct and natural meanings for """""""" . . . slowly to go home . . . """""""" , """""""" . . . to slowly go home . . . """""""" and """""""" . . . to go home slowly . . . """""""" . i ' m not 100 per cent happy with it , for obvious reasons , and it would be interesting to see if anyone can come up with a better , more clear-cut one ) . [ and , to really """""""" epater les bourgeois """""""" , i reckon you could even make a case for """""""" . . . i prepared to , slowly , go home digesting """""""" : the implication being that the meal was so very heavy that the walk home should be correpondingly delicate , as emphasised by the pause in rhythm marked by the commas ] . ted . ( ted . harding @ nessie . mcc . ac . uk )
  """",0
  1615,""""Subject: conf - lacl ' 97 - nancy ( france ) - sept 97
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * lacl ' 97 - call for participation * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * logical aspects of computational linguistics 1997 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * september 22-24 , 1997 nancy france * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * http : / / www . loria . fr / ~ bechet / lacl . html e-mail : lamarche @ loria . fr - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the lacl conferences - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the first edition of the lacl conference , which was held in nancy in september 1996 , was very successful . this proves that there is a growing interest in the use of logic in natural language processing , both for syntactic and semantic models . lacl ' 97 will continue to bring together linguists , logicians , philosophers and computer scientists around this theme in order to present the latest results and to discuss the different approaches . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - programme committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - chairman : a . lecomte ( u . grenoble 2 ) b . carpenter ( bell labs ) m . dymetman ( rank - xerox , grenoble ) c . gardent ( u . saarbrucken ) ph . de groote ( inria & crin , nancy ) s . kulick ( u . pennsylvania ) f . lamarche ( inria & crin , nancy ) m . moortgat ( ots , utrecht ) g . morrill ( upc , barcelone ) a . ranta . ( u . helsinki & u . tampere ) p . saint - dizier ( irit , toulouse ) e . stabler ( ucla , los angeles ) e . villemonte de la clergerie ( inria , rocquencourt ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - organising committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - chairman : g . perrier v . antoine , d . bechet , a . - l . charbonnier , f . lamarche and a . savary . inria - lorraine & crin-cnrs , nancy . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - programme - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - monday , september 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 : 45 - 9 : 30 : welcome 9 : 30-10 : 20 : invited talk i joachim lambek ( mcgill university , montreal ) some mathematical approaches to natural language 10 : 35-11 : 35 : session 1 m . kandulski strong equivalence of generalized ajduckiewicz and lambek grammars s . shaumyan , p . hudak & m . jones type - directed natural language parsing 11 : 50-12 : 40 : discussion i logic - mathematical formalisms and grammars 12 : 40-14 : 00 : lunch 14 : 00-14 : 50 : invited talk ii denis bouchard ( universite du quebec , montreal ) ellipsis of the noun and of the determiner : recoverability , number and partitivity 15 : 05-16 : 35 : session 2 t . cornell derivational and representational views of minimalist syntactic calculi f . morawietz & t . cornell approximating principles and parameters grammars with mso tree logics j . hodas a linear logic treatment of phrase structure grammars for unbounded dependencies 16 : 45-17 : 35 : discussion ii what formalisms for minimalism ? tuesday , september 23 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 : 30-10 : 20 : invited talk iii yves lafont ( c . n . r . s . , marseille ) applications of phase semantics 10 : 35-11 : 35 : session 3 e . kraak italian object cliticization : a deductive approach h . hendriks a proof - theoretic analysis of intonation 11 : 50-12 : 40 : discussion iii advantages of the proof - theoretic approach 12 : 40-14 : 00 : lunch 14 : 00-14 : 50 : invited talk iv mark johnson ( brown university , providence ) features and resources 15 : 05-16 : 35 : session 4 p . blackburn feature logics in hybrid languages d . heylen underspecification in subsumption - based type - logical grammars n . francez on the direction of fibring feature logics with concatenation logics 16 : 45-17 : 35 : discussion iv comparing feature logics 20 : 00 : conference dinner wednesday , september 24 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 : 30-10 : 30 : session 5 m . vilares ferro , m . alonso pardo & d . cabrero souto an operational model for parsing fixed - mode dcgs d . tatar & d . zaiu unification - based and object-oriented based approaches to grammars 10 : 45-11 : 45 : session 6 z . luo & p . c . callaghan linguistic categories in mathematical vernacular and their type-theoretic semantics m . kinnunen natural language interface to regular expressions 12 : 00-12 : 50 : final discussion 12 : 50-14 : 00 : lunch - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - location - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nancy , which is the capital of the french department meurthe et moselle , is easily accessible from paris ( gare de l ' est ) by train in about three hours . there are also direct trains from strasbourg , luxembourg and dijon . the nearest international airports are the ones of paris , strasbourg and luxembourg . the lacl conference will take place in the loria building at the address : inria - lorraine & crin-cnrs batiment loria technopole de nancy brabois campus scientifique 615 rue du jardin botanique , b . p . 101 f 54602 villers - les - nancy cedex france for more information about the location , please take a look at the www server or send a mail to francois lamarche . http : / / www . loria . fr / ~ bechet / lacl . html e-mail : lamarche @ loria . fr - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the registration fees for the conference are the following : before august 15 after august 15 regular 700 frf 900 frf student 500 frf 700 frf both regular and student fees include the conference proceedings , the coffee breaks , the lunches , and the conference dinner ( september 23 ) . tickets for additional conference dinners ( for accompanying persons ) can be purchased at 150 frf . you may register by surface mail , fax , or e-mail . please fill in the registration form that you can find at www address http : / / www . loria . fr / ~ bechet / lacl . html and send it to : inria - lorraine bureau des relations exterieures - lacl ' 97 615 rue du jardin botanique , b . p . 101 f 54602 villers - les - nancy cedex france fax ( internat . ) : + 33 3 83 27 83 19 ( nat . ) : 03 83 27 83 19 e - mail : re @ loria . fr - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - payments - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - payments are accepted in french francs only . the enclosed payment may be one of the following forms : o cheque in french currency , drawn on a french bank , made to the order of """""""" agent comptable de l ' inria """""""" ; o eurocheque in french currency , made to the order of """""""" agent comptable de l ' inria """""""" ; o bank transfer to the order of """""""" agent comptable de l ' inria """""""" ( with your name and lacl ' 97 ) ; the bank account number is : 10071-78000 - 00003003958-80 at the bank """""""" tresorerie generale des yvelines """""""" . please ask your bank to arrange a transfer at no cost for the recipient . you may also pay the registration fee by credit card at the moment of the conference . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - accommodation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hotel rooms ranging from one to three star hotels are available . for a reser - vation , please phone to the hotel , fill in the accommodation form that you can find at www address http : / / www . loria . fr / ~ bechet / lacl . html and send it rapidly to the hotel ( preferably before september ) to confirm the reservation . hotel akena * hotel crystal * 41 rue raymond poincare 5 rue chanzy 54000 nancy 54 000 nancy tel : 03 83 28 02 13 tel : 03 83 35 41 55 fax : 03 83 90 00 45 fax : 03 83 37 84 85 price ( tarif ) : 175 frf price ( tarif ) : 200-300 frf hotel albert 1er * * hotel mercure - thiers * * * 3 rue de l ' armee patton 11 rue raymond poincare 54000 nancy 54 000 nancy tel : 03 83 40 31 24 tel : 03 83 39 75 75 fax : 03 83 28 47 78 fax : 03 83 32 78 17 price ( tarif ) : 295-310 frf price ( tarif ) : 475 frf * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * guy perrier crin-cnrs & inria lorraine campus scientifique - b . p . 239 54506 vandoeuvre - les - nancy cedex france e-mail : perrier @ loria . fr phone : 03 83 59 20 18 fax : 03 83 41 30 79 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  1616,""""Subject: 19th annual conf of the cognitive science society
   
   the nineteenth annual conference of the cognitive science society will be held at stanford university august 7-10 , 1997 . this year 's meeting will run four days . in addition to research talks and poster sessions , the conference will include eight half-day symposia on selected topics such as distributed cognition , semantics , spatial cognition , cognitive neuroscience , scientific discovery , social cognition , language acquisition , and motor behavior . each symposium will run for half a day , and will include two survey talks by senior scientists and two invited research talks describing recent advances in the area . for information about registration and housing , see the conference web site at http : / / www-csli . stanford . edu / cogsci97 / cogsci97 . html which also contains information about other aspects of the meeting . the conference web site includes both postscript and electronic versions of the registration and housing form . we look forward to seeing you at stanford this august . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - mike shafto ( mshafto @ mail . arc . nasa . gov ) http : / / olias . arc . nasa . gov / personnel / people / mike _ shafto . html human - automation integration research branch ( afi ) nasa - ames research center , mail stop 262 - 4 moffett field , ca 94035-1000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - it is strange that the inadequacy of formal long-range plans is not better understood . - - hans mark & arnold levine , """""""" the management of research institutions , """""""" nasa sp-481 , p . 183 .
  """",0
  1617,""""Subject: labphon6 web page
   
   the sixth conference on laboratory phonology ( to be held at the university of york ( uk ) on 2 - 4 july , 1998 ) now has a web site : http : / / www . york . ac . uk / ~ lang15 / labphon . html further information about the conference will be posted to this page as it becomes available . _ paul carter _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pgc104 @ york . ac . uk _ dept of language & linguistic science | http : / / www . york . ac . uk / ~ pgc104 / university of york | tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1904 432660 heslington , york . yo1 5dd | fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1904 432652
  """",0
  1618,""""Subject: english is an asian language conference
   
   the macquarie library pty ltd , publishers of the macquarie dictionary , is undertaking a series of conferences throughout south - east asia in cooperation with local institutions and associations dealing with language and linguistics . conference perspective the conferences have the general title english is an asian language , a statement which is then discussed in the context of each country . publication of proceedings - first conference the proceedings of the first conference in the series , held in manila 2 - 3 august 1996 , are now available . price aud $ 20 , plus postage . please contact susan butler , publisher , macquarie dictionary , sue @ dict . mq . edu . au if you wish to purchase a copy . the conference it is our aim to : * assess the role that english is already playing and may play in the future in the government , economics , trade and education in south - east asia * analyse what impact the new englishes of the region might have in reflecting the culture of these language communities * assess the requirements for an english - language dictionary for this region . topics to be covered in relation to the english of each country : * history * pronunciation * lexical items * standardness , particularly in the areas of newspaper publishing , book publishing and education , with comments on the relative importance of standards derived from within the country and those derived externally * business english * english as influencing and influenced by local culture * the literature on the subject a broad range of participants will be invited - educators , writers and journalists , linguists , english language teachers , government representatives , publishers , newspaper editors . participants will be encouraged to discuss each topic , as the exchange of views is of great importance in establishing a generally accepted point of view . the first two conferences the first two conferences were held in manila on 2 - 3 august 1996 and in bangkok on 8 - 9 august 1996 . the proceedings of the manila conference have been published ( see above ) and the proceedings of the bangkok conference will be published late 1997 . keynote speaker the keynote speaker for the first two conferences was professor braj b kachru speaking on the theme of english is an asian language . prof . kachru is one of the foremost scholars in the field of world englishes ; he has pioneered , shaped , and defined this field of scholarly inquiry . his research on world englishes , the kashmiri language and literature , and theoretical and applied studies on language and society has resulted in more than 20 authored and edited volumes and more than 100 research papers , review articles , and reviews . he is a founder and coeditor of world englishes and series editor of english in the global context . he has held editorial positions in more than a dozen scholarly journals and is associate editor of the oxford companion to the english language and a contributor to the cambridge history of the english language . his many graduate students , now teaching in asia , africa , europe , and the united states , have made recognised contributions to various areas of sociolinguistic research . conference organisers de la salle university , manila ( prof . maria lourdes s bautista ) . language center , national institute of development administration ( nida ) , bangkok ( associate professor dr tuanchai tan - ngarmtrong ) . the macquarie library pty ltd , sydney ( susan butler ) . the next conference kuala lumpur , malaysia on 18-19 august 1997 . conference organisers malaysian association of modern languages ( president : datin halimah mohd said ) . prof . dato ' dr asmah haji omar , professor of malay linguistics / dean , faculty of languages and linguistics , university of malaya . susan butler , the macquarie library pty ltd . background information on susan butler susan butler is a member of the editorial committee of the macquarie dictionary , the first comprehensive documentation of australian english . since 1970 she has worked on the major dictionary , and the smaller versions which have been produced from it . she has also worked on the macquarie thesaurus , an entirely original thesaurus produced from the macquarie dictionary . in 1990 she worked on a review of the dictionary source material , the results of which were published in a book entitled the macquarie dictionary of new words . this material was then incorporated into the second edition of the macquarie dictionary published in november 1991 . susan is now publisher ( books ) and executive editor of the macquarie dictionary and as such is involved in the policy-making which influences the range of lexicographical projects currently undertaken by the macquarie library pty ltd . keynote speaker - bro . andrew gonzalez andrew gonzalez fsc , is a member of the la salle brothers of the philippines . he is currently president of de la salle university in the philippines . he holds a doctorate in linguistics from the university of california at berkeley and has attended various workshops and seminars in higher education management . besides being a member of the board of trustees of several colleges and universities in manila , he is a member of the komisyon sa wikang filipino ( commission on the filipino national language ) and chair of the technical panel on the humanities , the social sciences , and communications of the commission on higher education ( ched ) of the republic of the philippines . he has published extensively in the field of applied linguistics and sociolinguistics and on philipppine higher education . for further information on the kuala lumpur conference contact either datin halimah mohd said malaysian association of modern languages fakulti bahasa dan linguistik universiti malaya 50603 kuala lumpur malaysia tel + 60 3 755 5889 fax + 60 3 759 3594 or ms susan butler macquarie dictionary macquarie university nsw 2109 australia tel + 61 2 9850 9800 , fax + 61 2 9888 2984 email sue @ dict . mq . edu . au
  """",0
  1619,""""Subject: 8th international conference on functional grammar
   
   eighth international conference on functional grammar , july 6th-9th , 1998 the biennial series on conferences on functional grammar will be continued in 1998 at the vrije universiteit amsterdam ( netherlands ) , where a four-day conference will be held from 6th to 9th july 1998 . the conference will be held on the campus of the vrije universiteit and will comprise a number of plenary lectures , parallel sessions , poster sessions and workshops , as well as a range of social activities . all the papers at the conference will address issues arising within the theory of functional grammar , as presented in simon c . dik , * the theory of functional grammar * ( 2 parts ) , which is to be published ( posthumously ) by mouton de gruyter , berlin in the autumn of 1997 . a thematically based selection of the papers will , it is hoped , be prepared for publication in book form . the first call for papers will be sent out in august 1997 . those not already on the functional grammar mailing list and interested in receiving the first call or other information regarding the conference , should contact : prof . j . l . mackenzie department of english faculty of letters vrije universiteit de boelelaan 1105 1081 hv amsterdam the netherlands e-mail : mackenzi @ let . vu . nl fax : + 31-20 - 444 6500
  """",0
  1620,""""Subject: machine translation summit vi
   
   mt summit vi : """""""" machine translation : past , present , future """""""" catamaran resort hotel san diego , 29 october-1 november 1997 http : / / www . isi . edu / natural-language / mtsummit . html a once - in-a - lifetime opportunity : no serious mt - ite can afford to miss mt summit vi in san diego next october . hosted by the association for machine translation in the americas ( amta ) on behalf of the international association for machine translation ( iamt ) , this year 's summit coincides with the 50th anniversary of machine translation . the celebration will be truly memorable . amta and its cooperating host institution , the information sciences institute / university of southern california , take great pleasure in inviting you to join us in commemorating this event . schedule : the following schedule gives an overview of the events that have been planned : tuesday , 28 october : 12 - hour excursion to ensenada ; all-day workshops on interlinguas / standards wednesday , 29 october : 3 - hour tutorials in morning and afternoon ; registration ; opening of exhibits / reception , 6 : 30 p . m . thursday , 30 october : plenary and parallel sessions , 9 : 00 a . m . - 5 : 30 p . m . ; exhibits , 10 : 30 - 5 : 30 p . m . ; boat cruise , 6 : 00 - 7 : 30 p . m . ; beach luau , 7 : 30 p . m . friday , 31 october : plenary and parallel sessions , 9 : 00 a . m . - 5 : 30 p . m . ; exhibits , 10 : 30 - 5 : 30 p . m . ; banquet , boat leaves at 6 : 30 p . m . saturday , 1 november : plenary and parallel sessions , 9 : 00a . m . - 5 : 30 p . m . ; exhibits , 10 : 30 - 3 : 00 p . m . the program : a rich menu of invited talks , submitted papers , and theater-style system presentations , together with a panel that will reunite early mt pioneers , will give special meaning to the conference 's theme , """""""" machine translation : past , present , and future . """""""" in a format combining both plenary and parallel sessions , the three - day program , including all day saturday , covers the trajectory of mt across the decades from the perspective of researchers , developers , and users . the session topics , to be addressed by experts from around the world , include : early mt history current state of mt mt r&d around the world the shape of commercial mt systems production mt the market perspective what do users need ? whither mt ? parallel to these main topics will be a second track of sessions that will include submitted papers and live system presentations in a theater-style setting . all sessions will be audiotaped , and copies of the tapes will be available for purchase on-site shortly after each session ends . tutorials and workshops on wednesday , 29 october , participants are offered a selection of four 3 - hour tutorials : morning , 9-12 a . m . """""""" a gentle introduction to mt : theory and current practice """""""" - eduard hovy """""""" making mt work for you """""""" - marjorie leo ' n afternoon , 2 - 5 p . m . """""""" mt evaluation : old , new , and recycled """""""" - john white """""""" postediting mt : strategies and methods """""""" - karin spalink in addition , two workshops-one on the subject of interlinguas and the other on standardization-are being offered on tuesday , 28 october , outside the framework of the conference for attendees who wish to come a day earlier . there will be a nominal charge . those interested should contact the organizers directly . steve helmreich ( shelmrei @ crl . nmsu . edu ) is coordinating the workshop on interlinguas , and alan melby ( melbya @ byu . edu ) is responsible for the one on standards . exhibits : in addition to the theater-style system presentations in the regular program , throughout the conference mt developers will also be showcasing their latest breakthroughs in the exhibit hall . exhibits coordinator kim belvin ( kbelvin @ ucsd . edu ) has put out a call for exhibitors and is expecting a record-breaking array of products and systems . this will be """""""" one-stop shopping """""""" at its best for all mt - ites , whether their interest is in purchasing or licensing mt systems or in viewing , understanding , and comparing them . there will also be tabletop exhibit space , available at a lower fee , for publishers and nonprofit research groups . anyone interested in exhibiting should contact kim at the e-mail address above as soon as possible because booths will be assigned on a first-come , first-served basis and there may not be enough room for all who want to exhibit . related events : because of the celebratory nature of this year 's summit , a number of other exciting activities will be rounding out the rest of the conference schedule . an all-day excursion to ensenada , a major mexican seaport and tourist center , is planned for tuesday , 28 october . this spectacular 50 - mile ride down the baja california coast will include a stop at rosarito beach ; a typical mexican lunch at a restaurant with breathtaking views ; a tour of ensenada followed by time for shopping , wine-tasting , museum-going , or strolling ; and an elegant gourmet dinner by the ocean at sunset-all this for us $ 65 . 00 . tutorials and registration will take place all day wednesday , 29 october , and the conference proper will open with the 50th anniversary reception at 6 : 30 p . m . in the exhibit area . the reception is complimentary , sponsored in part by logos corporation . box lunches will be available during the three days of the conference . tickets for the three lunches may be purchased for a total of us $ 18 . 00 . on the morning of thursday , 30 october , there will be a welcome breakfast for participants ' spouses or other traveling companions , at which time they will be given suggestions of various things to do in the san diego area . thursday evening will be a double-header . at 6 : 00 p . m . the hotel 's magnificently detailed triple-deck sternwheeler , the """""""" wm . d . evans , """""""" will take participants and their companions on a complimentary cruise of mission bay , sponsored in part by systran software . during the cruise the entertainment will include drawings for our exciting mt - oriented raffle ( see separate story ) , to be emceed by bill fry . on disembarkation at 7 : 30 p . m . there will be a hawaiian luau on the beach ( us $ 20 . 00 per person ) . finally , the banquet ( us $ 50 . 00 per person ) will be held on friday , 31 october , on the top floor of the bahia hotel , a sister property of the catamaran , also on mission bay . this site was chosen for its spectacular nighttime views stretching to mexico in the south and la jolla in the north . transportation will be provided on the """""""" bahia belle , """""""" the hotel 's smaller sternwheeler . later in the evening the """""""" bahia belle """""""" opens to the public with a live band and dancing ; those returning from the banquet may choose to remain on board at no extra cost and continue to cruise around the bay . site and accommodations : the catamaran resort hotel is a tropical paradise wedged between its own beach on mission bay and the public boardwalk and pacific ocean just a few steps away . its conference center is perfect for mt summit vi , with bright airy rooms open to terraces , gardens , patios , and the beach on the bay . the hotel has a pool , jacuzzi , fitness center , and business center . bicycles , skates , and various types of boats are available for rent . the immediate vicinity offers many shops and restaurants as well as grocery stores and carry-outs . hotel parking passes are available at a special conference rate of us $ 10 for three nights . the guest rooms are luxuriously appointed , all with doors opening onto either a terrace or a balcony . the special conference rates are us $ 99 . 00 for an interior garden view and us $ 109 . 00 for a view of the bay or ocean . rooms in the tower have kitchenettes and sweeping views . participants should make their reservations directly with the catamaran - in the u . s . : + 1 800 / 288-0770 ; from canada : 800 / 233 - 8172 ; from elsewhere : + 1 619 / 488-1081 ; fax : + 1 619 / 488-1619 . neither space nor rates can be guaranteed after 28 september , so make your reservation early ! get there for less ! conventions in america , the summit 's official travel agency , offers discounts on american airlines and alamo rent a car and lowest available fares on any airline . call + 1 800 / 929-4242 in the united states and canada or + 1 619 / 453-3686 from elsewhere ; fax + 1 619 / 453-7976 ; or e-mail flycia @ scitravel . com . be sure to mention group # 547 . additional information : complete registration packets were mailed at the beginning of june to members of aamt , amta , and eamt , including the preliminary program flier , hotel registration form , and assorted other fliers . if you are not a member of one of the regional associations , you may obtain this packet by contacting the mt summit vi registrar : phone / fax : + 1 703 / 716-0912 ; e-mail : amta @ clark . net . you may also register on-line at this website . coordinates : general chair muriel vasconcellos president , iamt phone : + 1 619 / 272-3360 fax : + 1 619 / 272-3361 e - mail : murielvasconcellos @ compuserve . com program chair winfield scott bennett logos corporation phone : + 1 201 / 398-8710 x 104 fax : + 1 201 / 398-6102 e - mail : wsben @ ibm . net local arrangements chair laurie gerber systran software phone : + 1 619 / 459-6700 x 119 fax : + 1 619 / 459-8487 e - mail : lgerber @ systransoft . com exhibits coordinator kim belvin phone : + 1 619 / 481-8446 fax : + 1 619 / 350-8613 e - mail : kbelvin @ ucsd . edu registrar deborah becker amta / iamt focal point phone / fax : + 703 / 716-0912 e - mail : amta @ clark . net
  """",0
  1621,""""Subject: mongolian programs
   
   dear netters , i am looking for american universities which offer couses in mongolian . any information would be appreciated . thanks for your help . please e-mail me at blanch @ iname . com . duane l . blanchard
  """",0
  1622,""""Subject: references needed : computer - mediated discourse
   
   i ' ve been asked to write a chapter for a handbook of discourse analysis ( edited by deborah tannen , deborah schiffrin and heidi hamilton , to be published by blackwell publishers ) on the topic of computer-mediated discourse . in the interests of making the chapter as up-to - date and comprehensive as possible , i 'd like to hear from you if you ( or anyone you know ) had published in this area , so that i can mention your work in the chapter if it 's appropriate . i ' m looking for references ( brief descriptions would also be helpful ) to published work or work accepted for publication that analyzes some form of computer-mediated communication from a linguistic or ethnographic perspective , with a focus on language or language use . i 'd especially be interested in hearing from researchers i do n't know or with whom i ' ve never corresponded before who publish in this area . ( i ' ve compiled a list of about 80 references ; if i know you , chances are good i may already have included some of your work . ) my deadline for completing the chapter is august 31 , so i would need to hear from you before then in order to be able to incorporate mention of your work . feel free to redistribute this message to anyone you think might be interested . thanks in advance for your help , susan herring susan herring associate professor program in linguistics university of texas arlington , tx 76019 usa susan @ utafll . uta . edu ( fax ) 817-272 - 2731 ( tel ) 817-272 - 3133 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
  """",0
  1623,""""Subject: re : 8 . 1059 , disc : evolution analytic > synthetic
   
   on sun , 13 jul 1997 bill bennett wrote : if my language use sought conciseness > ( implicitness ) , than in time it might be working at the well-known > """""""" now for cocoa and i ' ll put the cat out """""""" with one vocable , the > language might end as """""""" ugh """""""" ( synethesis ) - unless the language were to > be """""""" saved """""""" by a countering balance in explicitness . i ' ve always enjoyed the verbal humor of the marx brothers , what with their puns and all ( phonology is the beginning of humor ) , but only in my dotage am i beginning to understand the exquisite wit and profundity of burns & allens , e . g . , what is going on in terms of expectations for the discourse management of information in the following exchange . gracie : i cut myself with soup the other day . george : hunh ? gracie : the other day i cut myself with soup . george : you cut yourself with soup ? gracie : yeah , i was opening the can and . . . keep it up with the implicit and the explicit and the concise and economy for the speaker vs . intelligibility for the addressee and-all - that . in the final analysis , it is such exchanges as burns & allens which ultimately explains why language will never reduce to ugh . say goodnight . . .
  """",0
  1624,""""Subject: summary : pig latins
   
   in may , 1996 , i published a request for information on foreign pig latins . i apologize for the delay in summarizing the results . you can thank dan downs and waruno mahdi for keeping me honest and inspiring me to do this at last . i got such a great response that it was an intmidating job . forgive me ! i had n't taken the time to summarize the results until now , but here are the languages and rules that i was given . i appreciate the information ! thanks to the following contributors in totally random order : neil bermel william byrne """""""" nadine """""""" robert lyle good marina yaguello paul de lacy marc picard geoffrey sampson andrew s . mccullough jack aubert nevin leder scott martens billy clark jack hall judit j . toth mark a . wilson marc hamann annabel cormack nancy frishberg john goldsmith forrest richey trey jones dale russell lex olorenshaw liz mckeown marion kee salvatore attardo nobuko koyama - murakami ( which sounds like a language game already ; - ) john goldsmith , who edited the handbook of phonological theory , recommends bruce bagemihl 's survey of pig latins within that book . it was published by basil blackwell 's and reissued in paperback in 1996 . ( this is highly recommended , even by people who are not john goldsmith ! ) everyone said that these are called """""""" language games """""""" rather than """""""" toy languages """""""" , but my family is so competitive that if a game does n't have a winner and loser it 's not a game ! ( hence my use of the word """""""" toy """""""" ! ) here are specific examples : chinese : onsset of a typical monosyllabic word is prepended to a different rime , which is suffixed to a different onset ( possibly k ) """""""" zhai kang """""""" for """""""" zhang """""""" mandarin : fanquie languages ( each example has its own name , based on the pattern involved ; no example given ) dutch : backward speaking : reverse syllables and sometimes words ( emerged from economic causes - - needed secret speech so other fisherman would n't learn their secrets ) english : insert / ab / between onset and rime of each syllable """""""" maby nabame abis babill """""""" for """""""" my name is bill """""""" . ( also with / ^ b / , called """""""" ubby dubby """""""" ; sample at very end ) gibberish : insert """""""" itherg """""""" after each consonant """""""" bithergy thitherga witherrgay """""""" for """""""" by the way """""""" bicycle : insert @ s ( schwa s ) after every consonant : """""""" h @ se t @ sold m @ sse """""""" for """""""" he told me """""""" eggegg langeggwagegg : add ' egg ' after every consonant : """""""" theganksegg yeggou """""""" for """""""" thank you """""""" zambuda : english pronounced wrong in every possible way ! long vowels became short ; c pronounced s when should have been k . """""""" @ - nosk beh-faw - re een-tee - rynj """""""" for """""""" knock before entering """""""" yardle bardle : those particular words were interspersed in such a way that the victim - - er , eavesdropper - - could never figure out the rules . ob-talk , from the firesign theatre : """""""" ob """""""" before words ( breaks down into raucous imitation of rooster calls at a cockfight ) arp-bark : put / arp / before """""""" first vowel of every syllable """""""" ( and i thought there was only one vowel per syllable anyway ) """""""" harpellarpo """""""" for """""""" hello """""""" french : verlan : individual words are said backwwords . """""""" verlan """""""" for """""""" l ' enverse """""""" ( meaning """""""" backwords """""""" """""""" zomblou """""""" for """""""" blouson """""""" ( jacket ) german : """""""" lav """""""" inserted after vowels . """""""" ilavich wohlavonelave ilavin balavad holavombulavurg """""""" for """""""" ich wohne in bad hombburg """""""" hungarian : put """""""" v """""""" after the vowel and repeat the vowel : """""""" tu - vudsz i-vigy be-ve - sze ' - ve ' - lni ' vi """""""" for """""""" tudsz igy besze ' lni """""""" more advanced : say / rg / isntead of / v / . italian : """""""" latino maccheronico """""""" - not the same thing . uses italian roots and attaches latin inflection morphology for humorous effect . italian language game : subsstitute initial consonant with """""""" f """""""" """""""" fatino faccheronic """""""" for """""""" latino maccheronico """""""" japanese : ba - bi-bu - be-bo language : insert """""""" b """""""" plus vowel between syllables """""""" waba taba sibi waba """""""" for """""""" watasi-wa """""""" portuguese : sima language : insert """""""" sima """""""" [ after vowels , i think ] """""""" quecima-rosima cocima-mesima ( or cocima-mercima ) alcima-gocima ) for """""""" quero comer algo """""""" linga do pe : ( language of the letter p ) here 's how one version of it works : 1 . add [ p ] to the end of each syllable . 2 . after the [ p ] you just added to the syllable , copy the rime of that syllable . ( rime = nucleus plus coda ) . 3 . change open syllables in closed [ o ] and [ e ] to the open vowels [ o ] and [ e ] , respectively . 4 . disregard the stress patterns of the original word / sentence ; instead , stress the * copy * of each rime . example : voce ^ cortou o seu cabelo ? did you cut your hair ? vopo ' - cepe ' corpor ' - toupou ' opo ' seupeu ' capa ' - bepe ' - lopo ' ? another person sent this example : """""""" quepe-ropo copo-mepe alpo-gopo """""""" for """""""" quero comer algo """""""" russian : fufajskij yazyk : place """""""" fu """""""" before every syllable in a word : """""""" fuprifuyet """""""" for """""""" privet """""""" porosyachia latin ( pig latin ) : can be formed different ways . military pig latin : """""""" ka """""""" instead of """""""" fu """""""" : """""""" katy kakukada kaseikachas kaikadiosh """""""" for """""""" ty kuda sejchas idiosh """""""" spanish : insert [ vf ] between onset and rime of each syllable , where [ v ] is the vowel of the rime : """""""" mefe llafamofo bifill """""""" for """""""" me llamo bill """""""" insert / po / to the end of each syllable : """""""" copomopo espotaspo """""""" for """""""" como estas """""""" yakut : """""""" pig latin """""""" - - imitation of """""""" russian pig latin """""""" ( no examples given ) thanks again to everyone for your contributions and interest . i ' ll eagerly accept further contributions at my new address : markell8 @ aolcom yubbu gubbuys ubbar grubbate ! ubay hubope yubbu uball hubbav ubba gubbood subbumubber !
  """",0
  1625,""""Subject: summary on english adjectives
   
   dear linguists , about a week ago i posted the following query . > i am working on english adjectives . are the following sentences > acceptable ? if acceptable , please mark them with a check . > if not acceptable , please mark them with a cross . if uncertain > or dubious , please mark them with a question mark . any > comment is welcome . > > ( 1 ) john was careful to lock the door . > ( 2 ) john was greedy to keep all the money to himself . > ( 3 ) john was worthy to be praised by them all . > ( 4 ) the place is convenient to visit . > ( 5 ) john is jealous that she succeeded . > ( 6 ) john was bored to hear her endless talk . > ( 7 ) john was confused to be told to do so many things at once . > ( 8 ) john was hurt to be insulted . > ( 9 ) i am eager that they should win . > ( 10 ) john was incredulous that mary put it into practice . > ( 11 ) mary is keen that we should go . > ( 12 ) it was heroic of them to oppose the invader . > ( 13 ) john was irresponsible to sabotage his duties . > ( 14 ) it is significant that they worked as volunteers . > ( 15 ) it is sufficient to give him some money . > ( 16 ) it is not suitable to dress casual at a wedding reception . i have received 17 replies . i would like to thank those who gave wme answers and comments . the following is the numbers of informants who indicated respective acceptability in each sentence . acceptable dubious / unacceptable uncertain ( 1 ) 16 1 0 ( 2 ) 7 4 6 ( 3 ) 7 7 3 ( 4 ) 15 1 1 ( 5 ) 13 3 1 ( 6 ) 8 2 7 ( 7 ) 6 3 8 ( 8 ) 7 2 8 ( 9 ) 11 4 2 ( 10 ) 15 2 0 ( 11 ) 11 3 3 ( 12 ) 16 0 1 ( 13 ) 6 3 8 ( 14 ) 17 0 0 ( 15 ) 16 1 0 ( 16 ) 10 1 6 part of discussion and analysis of this data will be presented by professor katsumasa yagi ( kwansei gakuin university , japan ) at the 24th lacus forum to be held at the university of york , toronto , ontario , canada on 2nd august and in his subsequent papers . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - atsuko umesaki ( tezukayama college ) e-mail : sgs03312 @ niftyserve . or . jp umesaki @ tezukayama-u . ac . jp - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  1626,""""Subject: huron
   
   i am doing research about indigenous languages for a writer at the banff centre . he is looking for a specific article but can only provide me with the following information : he knows that the huron language is considered an endangered language . but , he has been informed by a linguist friend of an article written about an elderly man living in the detroit area who learned this language as a boy from his grand-mother in the 1920 's . this man does not wish to speak with people or take inquiries . however , an article was written about him and his experiences . there was hope that this article was printed in _ orion nature quarterly _ magazine sometime in 1995 . the editor was contacted , but has not yet responded . without a complete citation , i cannot request a copy of this article , if one was written on this subject . does anyone have any information on this topic or this specific article ? i would really appreciate any information that you can provide or point me to . there is however a rush on this request . i would appreciate any information by july 31 , 1997 . thank you very much , nadia mazzuca - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - email : nadia _ mazzuca @ banffcentre . ab . ca the banff centre library banff , ab canada
  """",0
  1627,""""Subject: expletive neg0 and opacity effects
   
   dear all , in the absence of n-words , italian marks sentential negation by ` non ' alone . opacity effects are created by ` non ' in the sense that a wh-operator cannot be extracted from a position below neg0 to , say , a higher speccp position . this effect is attributed within relativized minimality to the necessarily co-occuring non-overt operator in specnegp . the operator counts as a closer potential a ' - antecedent and prevents the moves wh-constituent from properly governing its trace . so far , so good . in french , ` ne ' ( = neg0 ) is not usually able to mark sentential negation on its own . in some contexts , however , it can , e . g . , with pseudo-modal verbs such as ` oser ' , ` pouvoir ' . interestingly , in such contexts , the same opacity effects are also produced , suggesting the presence of a non-overt operator in specnegp . so far , still so good . french ` ne ' also has expletive uses . for example , in the complement of adversative predicates and comparatives , ` ne ' can appear in formal styles without reversing polarity . in such contexts , opacity effects are not attested , suggesting that no non-overt operator occupies specnegp . what i 'd like to know is what the situation is in other languages , e . g . , spanish , catalan , and relevant non - romance varieties too . i think i ' m right in saying that , in these varieties in which the neg0 is normally sufficient to mark sentential negation alone , the neg0 morpheme ( e . g . , no ) also has expletive uses . the question is this : does expletive neg0 produce opacity effects in these languages or not ? relevant information about specific languages would be welcome , as would references to discussion in the literature . many thanks . paul dr paul rowlett head of french department of modern languages university of salford salford m5 4wt greater manchester united kingdom
  """",0
  1628,""""Subject: new ucla dissertations in linguistics
   
   new ucla dissertations in linguistics ! ! - - the following new volumes of ucla dissertations in linguistics are now available , at the cost of $ 10 . 00 per volume - - # 17 - - direct object scrambling in dutch and italian child language by jeannette schaeffer ( 1997 ) # 18 - - semantic trees by dorit ben - shalom ( 1996 ) # 19 - - description theory , licensing theory , and principle - based grammars and parsers by thomas cornell ( 1992 ) # 20 - - consonant clusters and cue preservation in tsou by richard wright ( 1996 ) us $ 10 . 00 please send check or money order to : ucla dept . of linguistics , box 951543 , los angeles , ca 90095-1543
  """",0
  1629,""""Subject: fifth international symposium
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for participation and registration the national language research institute fifth international symposium language study and thesaurus in the world and session 1 : language study and thesaurus 27th - 29th august 1997 tokyo , japan * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * place the national olympics memorial youth center international conference room 3 - 1 yoyogi kamizonocho , shibuya - ku , tokyo 151 odakyu - line sangubashi station by foot 5 min . language presentations and discussions by japanese and english with mutual simultaneous interpretation ( 29th ) with no interpretation ( 27-28 th ) registration please send the following information to the contact address below by mail or e - mail ( 1 ) name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 2 ) postal address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 3 ) affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 4 ) phone and fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 5 ) e - mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 6 ) please check ones you wish to attend [ ] session 1 27th august [ ] the reception for session 1 27th ( 6 : 00 - 8 : 00p . m . fee : 3 , 000yen ) [ ] session 1 28th [ ] symposium 29th [ ] the reception for symposium 29th ( 6 : 00 - 8 : 00p . m . ) no registration fee please apply by august 10 . there are cases where application may not be accepted for reasons of capacity . accomodation : sorry we can not reserve hotels . contact address secretariat of the 5th international symposium the national language research institute 3 - 9-14 nisigaoka kita - ku , tokyo 115 japan tel + 81 - 3-5993 - 7620 , 7621 fax : + 81 - 3-3906 - 3530 e - mail : yamazaki @ kokken . go . jp - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the national language research institute fifth international symposium session 1 language study and thesaurus 27th - 28th august 1997 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - program committee tetsuya ishikawa ( university of library and information science , tsukuba ) jun ' ichi iwata ( kyoto university of education , kyoto ) tokihisa kurasawa ( taisho university , sanseido , tokyo ) makoto takada ( university of tsukuba , tsukuba ) jun - ichi tsujii ( university of tokyo , tokyo ) hiroshi nakano ( the national language research institute , tokyo ) tooru hishinuma ( soka university , tokyo ) program information wednesday , 27 august registration 9 : 00am - opening ceremony 9 : 30am - language study and thesaurus , lexicograpy 9 : 45am - 12 : 00 0 . the interdisciplinary and international study on the thesaurus hiroshi nakano ( the national language research institute , japan ) 1 . a study of loanwords using oed2 on cd-rom : a critical consideration of the way oed2 reflects the process of naturalization of japanese loanwords . makimi kimura ( osaka university , japan ) 2 . english lexicography in the fifteenth century reiko takeda ( university of cambridge , u . k . ) 3 . needs for more linguistic descriptions and conceptional universals studies as a basic for compiling thesauruses linju ogasawara ( waseda university , japan ) 4 . aspects of polysemous words on thesaurus : a trial with """""""" bunruigoihyou edition """""""" misa otsuka ( nihon university , japan ) lunch 12 : 00 - 1 : 00pm invited lecture an outline of the study of the modern chinese vocabulary in the last twenty years zhou jian ( nankai university , china ) 1 : 00pm - 2 : 00pm contrastive study on vocabulary 2 : 00pm - 3 : 30pm 5 . a report on several polysemous words in chinese textbooks shinichi yamada ( takaoka national college , japan ) 6 . study of japanese korean bilingual thesaurus construction and vocabulary contrast song young bin ( hankuk university of foreign studies , republic of korea ) 7 . lexical contrastive study of japanese and arabic language warid farouk ibrahim ( gakushuin university , japan ) coffee break 3 : 30pm - 4 : 00pm second language education 4 : 00pm - 6 : 00pm 8 . the proposal of the lexeme code in the comparative study of vocabulary : comparison of the """""""" bunrui goihyou """""""" code with lexeme code . eishi hirose ( graduated school of literature , nagoya university , japan ) 9 . reconsidering the fundamental vocabulary for japanese language teaching : a preliminary study yasuko sasaki ( ochanomizu university , japan ) 10 . for understanding and using """""""" chiiki - seikatsu go ( geographical varieties of japanese ) """""""" : from the viewpoint of second language learning yuki mori ( mie university , japan ) 11 . words , related words , and thesauruses : some elt considerations andrew taylor ( city university of hong kong ) thursday , 28 august library science , natural language processing 9 : 30am - 12 : 00am 12 . unfolding thesaurus on a mutual reference retrieval system for japan / china - marc-db futoshi kawate , tetsuya ishikawa ( university of library and information science , japan ) 13 . menu systems for information retrieval using taxonomy of thesaurus : the use of japanese thesaurus """""""" bunrui goihyo """""""" yasuko senda ( communication and information research laboratory , central research institute of electric power industry , japan ) 14 . a clustering method for japanese signs based on similarity between manual motion features hisahiro adachi ( utsunomiya university , japan ) 15 . video retrieval based on the sentence similarity ichiro yamada , yeun - bae kim , masahiro shibata ( nhk science and technical research laboratories , japan ) 16 . a thesaurus for japanese - to - english machine translation kentaro ogura , hiromi nakaiwa , akio yokoo , satoshi shirai , ( ntt communication science lab . , japan ) masahiro miyazaki ( niigata university , japan ) satoru ikehara ( tottori university , japan ) lunch 12 : 00am - 1 : 00pm invited lecture 1 : 00pm - 2 : 00pm the semantic attribute system for machine translations masahiro miyazaki ( faculty of engineering , niigata university , japan ) meaning 2 : 00pm - 3 : 30pm 17 . the edr concept classification dictionary takano ogino , masanori kobayashi ( japan electronic dictionary research institute , ltd . , japan ) 18 . dynamic constructive thesaurus norihiro ogata ( research fellow of the japan society for the promotion of science , japan ) 19 . post - thesaurus classification of japanese words on inner japanese logic susumu yamada ( university of the sacred heart , japan ) coffee break 3 : 30pm - 4 : 00pm construction of thesaurus , terminology 4 : 00pm - 6 : 30pm 20 . a computational rule - driven thesaurus for japanese declinable words chieko nakabasami , shizuo shimada ( saitama university , japan ) 21 . identifying a web - based approach concerned with a lexical combination thesaurus isabelle meynard ( universite de montreal , canada ) 22 . a quantitative method for term recognition oueslati rochdi ( eric ( equipe de recherche en ingenierie des connaissances ) - ensais , france ) 23 . compound nouns as class nouns : examples from english and japanese megumi yui ( ph . d course at the university of tokyo , japan ) 24 . semantic classification of elements of japanese scientific terms by general semantic principles masahiko ishii ( the national language research institute ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the national language research institute 5th international symposium language study and thesaurus of the world friday , august 29 , 1997 international conference room national olympics memorial youth center tokyo , japan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - language : japanese and english ( simultaneous interpretation provided ) admission free registration 9 : 00 opening address 9 : 30 - 9 : 40 part 1 lectures 9 : 30-12 : 00 """""""" bunrui goihyo """""""" and study of japanese 9 : 40-10 : 00 hiroshi nakano ( the national language research institute ) semantics and the thesaurus 10 : 00-10 : 40 r . r . k . hartmann ( university of exeter ) concepts and the surface vocabulary 10 : 40-11 : 20 yorick wilks ( university of sheffield ) the history of chinese dictionaries 11 : 20-12 : 00 li xingjian ( dept . of applied linguistis of graduate school , chinese academy of social science ) lunch break 12 : 00-13 : 20 part2 thesaurus in the world 13 : 20-15 : 50 thesaurus in english 13 : 20-14 : 00 tom mcarthur ( editor , """""""" english today """""""" , cambridge university press ) thesaurus in hindi 14 : 00-14 : 30 arvind kumar ( free journalist ) thesauru in chinese 14 : 30-15 : 00 chen qinghuang ( beijing foreign studies university ) coffee break 15 : 00-15 : 20 thesaurus in japanese 15 : 20-15 : 50 tsunao ogino ( tokyo metropolitan university ) part3 discussion 15 : 50-17 : 10 some opinion 15 : 50-16 : 10 tatsuo miyajima ( kyoto tachibana women 's university ) discussion 16 : 10-17 : 10 comments 17 : 10-17 : 30 ooki hayashi ( the national language research institute ) closing 17 : 30 welcoming buffet party 18 : 00-20 : 00 reception hall * some titles may change without notice . participants : the plenary session : researchers and interested audience of about 200 . we will also hold the session on the thesaurus and language study . secretariat of the international symposium the national language research institite 3 - 9-14 nishigaoka , kita - ku , tokyo 115 fax : + 81 - 3-3906 - 3530 , e - mail : nakano @ kokken . go . jp inquiries to fax : + 81 - 3-3906 - 3530 , e - mail yamazaki @ kokken . go . jp http : / / www . kokken . go . jp the national language research institute home page
  """",0
  1630,""""Subject: acceptability of english adjectives
   
   i am going to use a different marking system , a for acceptable , u for unacceptable , and there are none which i am unsure about . i have also added why they are unacceptable to me . by the way , i am a native of seattle . > dear linguists , > > about a week ago i posted the following query . > > > i am working on english adjectives . are the following sentences > > acceptable ? if acceptable , please mark them with a check . > > if not acceptable , please mark them with a cross . if uncertain > > or dubious , please mark them with a question mark . any > > comment is welcome . > > > a > ( 1 ) john was careful to lock the door . > u > ( 2 ) john was greedy to keep all the money to himself . ifyou change the preposition to for , then it 's acceptable to me > a > ( 3 ) john was worthy to be praised by them all . > a > ( 4 ) the place is convenient to visit . > a > ( 5 ) john is jealous that she succeeded . > a > ( 6 ) john was bored to hear her endless talk . > a > ( 7 ) john was confused to be told to do so many things at once . > a > ( 8 ) john was hurt to be insulted . > u > ( 9 ) i am eager that they should win . for them to win , jproblem with using a modal > a > ( 10 ) john was incredulous that mary put it into practice . > u > ( 11 ) mary is keen that we should go . british , again , keen is a problem for me , but i won't count that in deciding if it 's acceptable or not since it 's only a lexical difference . however , the ues of the modal here is wrong for me ( by the way , i spent a year in france teaching english in a french university , so i am familiar with the british system . > a > ( 12 ) it was heroic of them to oppose the invader . > u > ( 13 ) john was irresponsible to sabotage his duties . can't sabatoge duties > a > ( 14 ) it is significant that they worked as volunteers . > a > ( 15 ) it is sufficient to give him some money . > u > ( 16 ) it is not suitable to dress casual at a wedding reception . > casually > i have received 17 replies . i would like to thank those who gave > wme answers and comments . the following is the numbers of informants > who indicated respective acceptability in each sentence . > > acceptable dubious / unacceptable > uncertain > ( 1 ) 16 1 0 > ( 2 ) 7 4 6 > ( 3 ) 7 7 3 > ( 4 ) 15 1 1 > ( 5 ) 13 3 1 > ( 6 ) 8 2 7 > ( 7 ) 6 3 8 > ( 8 ) 7 2 8 > ( 9 ) 11 4 2 > ( 10 ) 15 2 0 > ( 11 ) 11 3 3 > ( 12 ) 16 0 1 > ( 13 ) 6 3 8 > ( 14 ) 17 0 0 > ( 15 ) 16 1 0 > ( 16 ) 10 1 6 > > part of discussion and analysis of this data will be presented by > professor katsumasa yagi ( kwansei gakuin university , japan ) at the > 24th lacus forum to be held at the university of york , toronto , > ontario , canada on 2nd august and in his subsequent papers . > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > atsuko umesaki ( tezukayama college ) > e-mail : sgs03312 @ niftyserve . or . jp > umesaki @ tezukayama-u . ac . jp > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  1631,""""Subject: sum : quantification
   
   about four weeks ago , in linguist 8 . 948 , i asked a question on behalf of the basque language academy 's grammar commission about the standard or recommended scope of """""""" quantifier """""""" and """""""" quantification """""""" as grammatical terms , with special reference to the function of """""""" so many """""""" and """""""" so """""""" in sentences like : there were so many students that we needed a larger classroom . the students were so intelligent that we needed to get another teacher . i wished to know whether it is considered terminologically appropriate to say that not only """""""" many """""""" and """""""" so many """""""" but also """""""" very """""""" and """""""" so """""""" quantify , and thus that the function of all of these ( including what i call degree modifiers ) is quantification . better to contextualize the terminological problem that motivated the question in the first place and to help clarify the following report / discussion , let me suggest , ad hoc , calling the two positions contemplated the """""""" quantifiers versus degree modifiers """""""" position and the """""""" quantifiers subsuming degree modifiers """""""" position respectively ; or for short , the versus position and the subsuming position . it is also only honest for me to declare at this point that my personal position has always been and continues to be that of the versus view , although i tried to word the original question neutrally . at this point i perhaps ought to note that several respondents seem to prefer to treat """""""" so many ( students ) """""""" and """""""" so ( intelligent ) """""""" as merely various occurrences of a single item """""""" so """""""" rather than treating _ so many _ as an """""""" item """""""" to be discussed in its own right . i view this as a manifestation of linguistic anglocentrism : unlike english , in many languages """""""" so many """""""" is not expressed by the item equivalent to english """""""" so """""""" plus a quantifier equivalent to english """""""" many """""""" , and since i was not particularly asking about english in my question , i reject the assumption that the english lexical composition of """""""" so many """""""" is of crucial relevance to the issue i raised . thanks to the following who responded to my question : bruce d . despain , patricia galea , e . h . klein - v . d . laaken , jan k . lindstrom , p . l . peterson and marilyn n . silva . a summary of their answers and suggestions follows , with an interjection of my own personal opinion at times , identified by my initials ark . marilyn silva supports the versus position , stating that """""""" quantifiers determine noun phrases , not adjectives . """""""" for """""""" very """""""" and """""""" so """""""" she prefers the term """""""" intensifier """""""" to my proposed """""""" degree modifier """""""" . patricia galea expresses the same views . ( [ ark : ] since my original question was not about the latter terms , i shall refrain from defending my preference of """""""" degree modifier """""""" over """""""" intensifier """""""" in this context ; larry trask 's _ dictionary of grammatical terms in linguistics _ treats the two terms as interchangeble . ) marilyn silva also discussed what i called """""""" consecutive """""""" sentences , pointing out that the subordinate clauses in the two english examples cited above , """""""" . . . that we needed a larger classroom """""""" and """""""" . . . that we needed to get another teacher """""""" , are called """""""" adverbial clauses of extent """""""" in her treatment of english grammar , _ grammar in many voices _ ( ntc pub . group , 1995 ) . she considers that here """""""" it is the clause that seems to quantify , not the intensifier in the main clause """""""" . silva went on to point out that english clauses of extent can be licensed by a main clause containing _ so _ ( with or without _ many _ ) , as above , but also by one containing _ such _ , as in : george was such a gentleman that he never raised his voice . and draws our attention to the fact that _ such _ could hardly be called a quantifier . ( [ ark : ] this argument seems to be of general typological interest , independently of the fact that there is no real equivalent of this use of _ such _ in basque . ) in all these sentences with extent clauses , silva argues , """""""" it is the [ subordinate ] clause that seems to quantify , not the intensifier in the main clause . . . which merely licenses the subordinate clause . """""""" according to silva , then , _ so _ and _ such _ should not be lumped together with items like _ many _ or _ very _ in any case , in line with the view that they do not themselves quantify but merely license a subordinate clause which quantifies . looking beyond english , jan lindstrom pointed out that in swedish a single lexical item , _ mycket _ , functions both as a quantifier ( of nouns ) meaning """""""" much """""""" and as a degree modifier or intensifier of adjectives meaning """""""" very """""""" , providing the following examples : 1 ) da """""""" r fanns mycket folk . ' there was much people ' 2 ) hon a """""""" r mycket intelligent . ' she is very intelligent ' lindstrom does not seem to be defending a particular terminological usage in providing this observation , but merely wishes to offer useful information that may be of interest in the discussion . [ ark : ] it seems to me that while the interest of this sort of observation is undeniable , it does not obviate the need for a terminological distinction , nor does it justify the subsumes position , but rather illustrates the need for linguists to employ a clear meta-language to enable us to distinguish between items or uses even where , as here , their formal expressions overlap language-specifically . ( by the way , some other instances of the use of a single form for """""""" very """""""" and """""""" much """""""" include portuguese _ muito _ , catalan _ molt _ , and italian _ molto _ ; but i can think of many more languages that do not show this kind of overlap or homonymy . ) philip peterson wrote discussing in somewhat more abstract terms the actual semantics of terms like """""""" many """""""" and """""""" more """""""" , and referred me to his article """""""" complexly fractionated syllogistic quantifiers """""""" ( journal of philosophical logic , 1991 , 20 , 287-313 ) . bruce despain 's comments are oriented to language-specific issues of syntactic classification of quantifiers in english that are not likely to be relevant to a description of basque , for which reason i shall not report his suggestions here . henny klein brought to my attention the following bibliographical reference : gary , e . ( 1979 ) extent in english . a unified account of degree and quantity . phd thesis , university of california , los angeles . in summary , none of those who responded favoured the subsuming position according to which """""""" very """""""" and """""""" so """""""" can be referred to as quantifiers or their function as quantification ( unless that was what jan lindstrom wished to imply ; it is my understanding that it was not ) . four of the six answers do not actually lean one way or the other . the two answers that address my question directly and suggest an answer , those of silva and galea , both constitute votes for the versus position . eskerrik asko denoi ( many thanks to all ) alan r . king , ph . d . alanking @ bigfoot . com alternative email addresses : mccay @ redestb . es , a @ eirelink . com , 70244 . 1674 @ compuserve . com snail : orkolaga plaza 3 1a , 20800 zarautz , basque country , spain phone : + 34-43 - 134125 / fax : + 34-43 - 130396 visit my web page at - - > http : / / www . eirelink . com / alanking /
  """",0
  1632,""""Subject: summary : heavy onsets references
   
   original query :
  """",0
  1633,""""Subject: summary : vowel deletion between two like consonants
   
   quite some time ago , i wrote requesting information concerning instances of proper names where the pronunciation reflects a deletion of a vowel occuring between two like consonants in the spelling of the name . i cited such names as farrer [ fer ] worcester [ wust ^ r ] and leicester [ lest ^ r ] and had hoped to find a whole slew of other names exhibiting this phenomenon . unfortunately , i got no responses which dealt with proper nouns . however , i did get some interesting responses discussing how this occurs in hungarian , arabic , and english outside the realm of proper nouns . thanks to all who responded . sorry i did n't post sooner . it 's just that i had hoped to get something on proper nouns before replying . sincerely , david harris david harris david @ las-inc . com language analysis systems voice : ( 703 ) 834-6200 ext . 242 2214 rock hill road , suite 201 fax : ( 703 ) 834-6230 herndon , va 22070 original query : > i ' ve been thinking about names like worcester , leicester , and > gloucester which , though perhaps viewed by most of my fellow americans > as strange relics of british eccentricity , really do follow a simple > and straightforward phonological process where two like consonantal > continuants separated by a weak vowel ( in this case schwa ) are merged > into one by the deletion of this weak vowel . the same phenomenon > occurs with the name of a school in provo , utah which i attended as an > adolescent : > > farrer junior high school > this is pronounced """""""" fair """""""" ( or """""""" ferr """""""" if your accent makes a > difference between [ er ] and [ eir ] which mine does n't ) > > anyway , using a regular expression , i searched the 1990 us census > list of 80 , 000 surnames available on the web in order to find names > in which like consonants were separated by one vowel and came across > a few more from various language groups that may or may not be > examples of this . ( it 's hard to know when you can't have the names > pronounced for you as well as see them written . ) my question , then , > is this : > i would be interested in knowing in what other languages this > phenomenon occurs and with what other sounds . judging from some of > the names i encountered in my search , i suspect that it may occur in > japanese where [ i ] and [ u ] deletion causes two like consonants to be > connected together . also , in languages where word-internal gemination > is phonemic , i ' m curious as to whether simplification occurs as it > does in english or if the gemination retains its full phonological > value . please include as many examples as you can with your comments > and i will post a complete summary to the list . any other > observations about this phenomenon are also welcome . beginning of responses : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1 - subject : worcester here is a hungarian example : _ ko2zta1rsasa1g _ / ko / starsasa : g / fast / casual [ ko / stassa : g ] ` republic ' and another lexicalized one : _ azt hiszem _ / ast hisem / > [ asisem ] > [ assem ] ` that - acc believe - i ' i cannot think of examples with non-coronals , but that - i think _ has to do with statistics . symbols : o / = ipa slashed o ( round front mid vowel ) , s = eng sh a = round back low vowel e = ipa epsilon best , peter szigetvari szigetva @ osiris . elte . hu * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 2 - from : russell @ ukraine . corp . mot . com ( dale russell ) to : dharris @ las-inc . com phonological process - - worcester / gloucester / leicester > also , in languages where word-internal gemination is phonemic , i ' m > curious as to whether simplification occurs as it does in english > or if the gemination retains its full phonological value . does such simplification always occur in english ? does """""""" meanness """""""" rhyme exactly with """""""" venus """""""" ? i ' ve heard this example used to argue that english does make at least limited use of the concept of the mora , claiming that both / n / s in """""""" meanness """""""" get pronounced . dale russell russell @ ukraine . corp . mot . com * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 3 - subject : deleted vowel in response to your linguist posting : note that am . eng . speakers often delete the schwa between the / d / 's , so that """""""" where did he go """""""" becomes """""""" where 'd he go """""""" , and """""""" how did she do that """""""" becomes """""""" how 'd she do that """""""" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dan loehr """""""" wherever you go , there you are . """""""" georgetown university loehrd @ gusun . acc . georgetown . edu - buckaroo bonzai http : / / www . geocities . com / athens / 4944 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 - from : """""""" robert port """""""" < port @ cs . indiana . edu > deleted vs in eng to : dharris @ las-inc . com first syllable of farrer ? ? content - length : 503 vowel elision x - confirm - reading - to : cpeust @ gwdg . de x - pmrqc : 1 priority : normal look into arabic : the 3rd person singular of the perfect tense of verbs is most commonly formed cacaca ( c being the root consonants ) , e . g . kataba """""""" he wrote """""""" the first person of this verb is katabtu """""""" i wrote """""""" now verbs with two identical consonants behave irregularly : while the 1st person sg . of the verb """""""" to pass """""""" is marartu """""""" i passed """""""" , the 3rd person is marra """""""" he passed """""""" instead of the expected * marara . the same is true for many other semitic languages ( hebrew etc . ) . carsten peust seminar of egyptology and coptology goettingen cpeust @ gwdu20 . gwdg . de or cpeust @ gwdg . de
  """",0
  1634,""""Subject: diachrony and the minimalist program
   
   a few weeks ago i posted a query on the ' list regarding references for studies carried out within the framework of the minimalist program . thanks a lot for the answers and here are they are in a """""""" kind of """""""" shortened version : - ) . mark douglas arnold ( mdarnold @ wam . umd . edu ) offered his dissertation about the loss of verb movement in english of which a highly condensed versions can be found in the proceedings of nels 26 , and the proceedings of wccfl 15 . arnold , mark d . ( 1996 ) . double object constructions and indirect object passives : problems posed by history """""""" , in proceedings of wccfl 15 , pp . 1-15 . arnold , mark d . ( 1995a ) . case , periphrastic """""""" do """""""" , and the loss of verb movement in english """""""" . phd dissertation , university of maryland . arnold , mark d . ( 1995b ) . """""""" notations of economy in language chance : the spread of perphrastic """""""" do """""""" , in proceedings of nels 26 , pp . 121-134 . deborah arteaga ( darteaga @ nevada . edu ) has done some studies on old french within the framework of minimalism , of which i only list the newest ones , the others can be seen on her homepage , accessible through ( http : / / www . nscee . edu : 80 / unlv / colleges / college _ of _ liberal _ art / foreign _ languages / ) deborah artega ( to appear ) . sobre la construcci = f3n de complemento objeto doble en el franc = e9s antiguo , in : """""""" revista de filologia francesa de la universidad complutense de madrid """""""" . - / - . ( 1995 ) . on old french genitive constructions , selected proceedings from the twenty - second linguistic _ symposium on the romance languages , in """""""" contemporary research in romance linguistics : papers from the 22nd linguistic symposium on the romance languages , pp . 79 - 90 . - / - . ( 1995 ) on strong and weak possessives in old french , in : """""""" language quarterly 333 , pp . 67-80 . cassian braconnier ( cassian @ worldnet . net ) informed me about a book by jean - yves pollock which touches upon diachrony and mp . jean - yves pollock , langage et cognition , introduction au programme minimaliste de la grammaire generative , especially pages 148 , 153 , 160 and 166 . mark hale ( hale1 @ alcor . concordia . ca ) informed me about an article he is just about to finish , a book of his of which the syntax portion is written in the minimalism framework , as well as about an article in the nels : mark hale ( to appear ) the diachronic implications of mimimalism , in : """""""" interdisciplinary syntax """""""" - / - ( to appear ) , """""""" theory and method in historical linguistics """""""" , blackwell stefan frisch , ( 1995 ) , evidence for economy of projection in historical change , """""""" nels """""""" , vol 2 . p . 191 - 203 . henrik rosenkvist ( henrik rosenkvist @ nordlund . lu . se ) contributed : eithne guilfoyle ( 1995 ) infinitivals and the transparency principle revisited , in : """""""" nels """""""" , vol 2 . p . 205 - 209 . and luis silva - villar ( lsilvav @ ucla . edu ) told me about his dissertation : silva - villar , luis ( 1996 ) . enclisis in northwestern iberian languages : a diachronic theory . university of california , los angeles . thanks again to everyone for your contributions and interest . i ' ll eagerly accept further informations on diachrony and minimalism : - ) . susann
  """",0
  1635,""""Subject: re : 8 . 1082 , sum : english adjectives
   
   editor 's note : we received the following correction to 8 . 1082 , english adjectives . > > dear linguists , > > about a week ago i posted the following query . > > > i am working on english adjectives . are the following sentences > > acceptable ? if acceptable , please mark them with a check . > > if not acceptable , please mark them with a cross . if uncertain > > or dubious , please mark them with a question mark . any > > comment is welcome . > > > > ( 1 ) john was careful to lock the door . + > > ( 2 ) john was greedy to keep all the money to himself . + > > ( 3 ) john was worthy to be praised by them all . > > ( 4 ) the place is convenient to visit . > > ( 5 ) john is jealous that she succeeded . > > ( 6 ) john was bored to hear her endless talk . > + > ( 7 ) john was confused to be told to do so many things at once . ? > > ( 8 ) john was hurt to be insulted . > > ( 9 ) i am eager that they should win . > > ( 10 ) john was incredulous that mary put it into practice . > > ( 11 ) mary is keen that we should go . > > ( 12 ) it was heroic of them to oppose the invader + > > ( 13 ) john was irresponsible to sabotage his duties . > > ( 14 ) it is significant that they worked as volunteers . > > ( 15 ) it is sufficient to give him some money . + > ( 16 ) it is not suitable to dress casual at a wedding reception . > sorry , some problems with signs ! + means not acceptable , nothing means acceptable . best , rod .
  """",0
  1636,""""Subject: re : 8 . 1098 , qs : french , chinese poetry , bannock
   
   > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - message 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > date : sat , 26 jul 1997 20 : 23 : 41 - 0400 > from : ewb2 @ cornell . edu ( e . wayles browne ) > subject : question for french speakers > > in english one can distinguish two different placements of an adverb > with two different readings : > > ( 1 ) the conflict is not clearly an international problem . """""""" perhaps > the conflict is an international problem , perhaps it is not an > international problem ; whether it is an international problem or not > is not clear . """""""" > > ( 2 ) the conflict is clearly not an international problem . """""""" the > conflict is not an international problem . that is clear . """""""" > > in french , does > > ( 3 ) le conflit n ' est clairement pas un probl = e8me international . have > the meaning of ( 1 ) or ( 2 ) or both ? are there other possible placements > of _ clairement _ which would have a meaning differing from that of ( 3 ) ? rejean canac marquis , uqam ( linguistics ) & simon fraser university ( french dept ) clearly , sentence ( 3 ) has the meaning ( 2 ) , not ( 1 ) . if clairement is after pas , then meaning ( 1 ) takes over . this is of course without special stress or break . hope this is hopeful . best , rcm .
  """",0
  1637,""""Subject: re : 8 . 1107 , qs : lang . games , """""""" democratic , """""""" word change
   
   dear mr . ungar : is us congress incorrect ? any noun can modify another noun . but the heart of your question is that employment of democratic makes most people associate feelings deriving from the political process : democratic elections , etc . most republicans would hardly utter an unfavorable word about """""""" democracy """""""" though its origins are hardly as uncontroversial . democrat calls forth associations with figures in the democratic party , many of whom are personally unlikable or do not enjoy reputations for integrity or ethics . so the republican strategy is actually quite clever . particularly in view of the fact that the republic party would call forth the same positive associations since our electorate is blissfully unaware of the significant differences between the two forms of government . the democrats used to try to do something similar with """""""" party of nixon """""""" , """""""" party of hoover """""""" but since educational decline in this country , how many high school graduates know who hoover or nixon were ? it is a dilemma for propagandists ! pat
  """",0
  1638,""""Subject: call : spanish in us / contact
   
   call for papers 7th unm conference on ibero - american culture & society : """""""" spanish and portuguese in contact with other languages """""""" jointly with 16th conference on spanish in the united states 12-14 february 1998 university of new mexico , albuquerque usa * - * - * in celebration of the 400th anniversary of the founding * - * - * * - * - * - * of the first spanish settlement in new mexico in 1598 * - * - * plenary speakers : carol a . klee ( university of minnesota ) ana roca ( florida international university ) papers dealing with any aspect of spanish in the u . s . or of spanish or portuguese in contact with other languages are welcome . oral presentations will be limited to twenty minutes . the deadline for receipt of abstracts ( maximum of 500 words ) is november 15 , 1997 . abstracts may be submitted by e-mail or regular mail . e - mail abstracts : place all identifying information ( name , address , telephone number ) along with title of paper at the beginning of the message , followed by three blank lines , the title repeated , and the abstract . regular mail abstracts : 3 copies of abstract with title and no identifying information , with accompanying 3x5 card with paper title and author 's name , address , and telephone number or email address . send abstracts or requests for additional information to : 1998 conference department of spanish and portuguese university of new mexico albuquerque , nm 87131 usa e-mail : spanish @ unm . edu telephone : ( 505 ) 277-5907 fax : ( 505 ) 277-3885 web : http / / : www . unm . edu / ~ spanish
  """",0
  1639,""""Subject: job
   
   postdoc at ben - gurion university , beer - sheva , israel : to work with nomi erteschik - shir and tova rapoport on verbal projection and focus . project funded by the israel science foundation . preference for candidate with an interest in the syntax / lexical-semantics interface . beginning november 1st , 1997 for one to two years . applicants should send ( by e-mail ) cv , names of three references , and samples of their work to : nomi erteschik - shir home : 972 - 7-6469482 department of foreign literatures and linguistics work : 972 - 7-6461117 ben gurion university of the negev 972 - 7-6461128 p . o . box 653 , beer sheva , israel fax : 972 - 7-6472907
  """",0
  1640,""""Subject: research studentship in cross-cultural pragmatics
   
   lancaster university modern languages / linguistics research studentship in cross-cultural pragmatics the lancaster university consortium - universities of central lancashire , lancaster , sheffield , university college of st . martin , lancaster and homerton college , cambridge - has been awarded 247k from the h . e . f . c . e f . d . t . l . for a 3 - year project on ' developing inter-cultural and socio-linguistic competence in university students undertaking periods of study and work abroad : the identification and dissemination of good practice ' . suitably qualified graduates wishing to pursue a 3 - year phd research programme monitoring / analysing the project are invited to apply for a research studentship of 5000 + fees p . a . for the year beginning 1 october 1997 , at lancaster university . applications by 25 august to r . h . crawshaw , french studies , lancaster university , la1 4yn , england . further details from rosemary anderson at the same address - 01524 592669 - e-mail r . anderson @ lancs . ac . uk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ lancaster university modern languages / linguistics cross-cultural pragmatics enquiry - project officers the lancaster university consortium - universities of central lancashire , lancaster , sheffield , university college of st . martin , lancaster and homerton college , cambridge - has been awarded 247 , 000 from the h . e . f . c . e . f . d . t . l . for a 3 - year project on ' developing inter-cultural and socio-linguistic competence for periods of study and work abroad : the identification and dissemination of good practice in student support and guidance ' . applications are invited for two posts of project officer , one full-time , one 0 . 5 - time , starting 1 september 1997 or soon after . project officers will be based at lancaster and responsible , under the director , for administering and helping devise the project . together with experience of residence in europe and fluency in at least one of french , german , spanish or italian , the ideal candidates will also have computer and communication skills and organisational experience . initial salary 15 , 159 pounds . applications , by 18 august , to personnel services , lancaster university , la1 4yw , from whom also further particulars are available .
  """",0
  1641,""""Subject: anglicization of composers ' names
   
   judging from the return post , i must have sounded like some kind of self-proclaimed expert on composers ' names . let me hasten to say that i ' m not . all the pronunciations i put in that little list came as surprises to me . in all cases but one , they were given to me by native speakers of the composers ' language , while i was visiting the composers ' native country . i do n't speak any of those languages and certainly do not claim any expertise . i ' ve just been trusting """""""" competent native speakers """""""" . the one exception , by the way , was when karl haas , on one of his daily """""""" adventures in good music """""""" broadcasts , asserted that pachelbel should be pronounced pach - el - bel . based on karl 's provenance i was inclined to trust him . but perhaps i ' ve gone overboard taking natives ' pronunciations as gospel . after all , we americans certainly manage to mangle enough of our own words , do n't we ? sorry for any consternation i may have caused . i ' ve certainly gotten an education from this . cheers , gordon brown
  """",0
  1642,""""Subject: computer - mediated conversation
   
   = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = call for manuscripts : computer-mediated conversation there is room for one or two additional high-quality chapters in a collection i am editing entitled computer-mediated conversation . this will be the first book devoted entirely to linguistic and conversation analytic approaches to computer - mediated communication . the collection is currently being considered for publication by oxford university press . at the present time , contributions are specifically sought which analyze some form of computer-mediated communication from a conversation analysis ( ca ) perspective . contents : contributions may analyze any genre of verbal exchange that takes place via computer networks , including private e-mail , listserv discussion groups , bulletin board systems , computer conferencing systems , chat , muds and moos , and multi-media systems . contributions should report empirical , data-driven research carried out using methods of conversation analysis . possible areas of focus include speech acts and act sequences , turn taking , adjacency pairs , responses , alignment , repairs , and topic organization . in addition , all contributions should address in some way the question : to what extent are the observed properties of the discourse conditioned by the computer medium , and to what extent do they reflect social or other factors that may also be present in face-to - face communication ? submission information : manuscripts should be 15-20 single-spaced pages in length , including references and appendices , and should follow the formatting style for the oxford studies in sociolinguistics series ( for example , biber and finnegan 's _ sociolinguistic perspectives on register _ , published in 1994 ) . submissions should be in the form of a hard copy plus a 3 1 / 2 """""""" macintosh - readable diskette containing the file saved in its original format , as well as in ms word for macintosh ( version 4 or 5 ) . the hard copy and the diskette should be mailed to the volume editor , susan herring , at the following address : susan herring program in linguistics university of texas arlington , tx 76019 usa deadlines : potential authors are requested to inform the volume editor of their intention to submit by e-mail prior to august 30 , and to submit their manuscripts by september 15 , 1997 . about the editor : susan herring is an associate professor of linguistics at the university of texas at arlington who has published numerous articles on computer-mediated communication since she first began presenting her research in this area in 1992 . she is also the editor of an interdisciplinary collection entitled _ computer - mediated communication : linguistic , social and cross - cultural perspectives _ ( john benjamins , 1996 ) and guest editor of a special issue of the _ electronic journal of communication _ ( vol . 6 , no . 3 ) on the topic of """""""" computer - mediated discourse analysis """""""" . for further information : inquiries regarding this project may be e-mailed to the editor at susan @ ling . uta . edu . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = please forward this call to anyone who might be interested !
  """",0
  1643,""""Subject: wccfl 1998 call for papers
   
   wccfl xvii west coast conference on formal linguistics university of british columbia february 20-22 , 1998 call for papers abstracts are invited for 20 - minute talks in all areas of linguistics from any theoretical perspective . there will be two special sessions in addition to the main program . abstracts may be submitted to the main program or either of the special sessions . * special sessions : interfaces * invited speakers will be presenting at the following 2 special sessions : lisa selkirk , umass : phonology / syntax interface angelika kratzer , umass : syntax / semantics interface abstract requirements abstracts should be no more than one standard size page in length with the option of including an additional page for data and references . abstracts should be in at least 11 - point type with 1 - inch margins , single-spaced . please mail ten anonymous copies as well as a 3 """""""" x 5 """""""" index card with the following information : title name of author ( s ) mailing address affiliation ( s ) area ( phonology , syntax , semantics . . . ) phone number ( optional ) e-mail address ( optional ) please specify on your index card if you are submitting your abstract to either of the special sessions . submissions are limited to 1 individual and 1 joint abstract per author . please do not send abstracts by e-mail . * abstracts must be received by november 14 , 1997 * abstracts should be sent to : wccfl xvii committee department of linguistics university of british columbia e270-1866 main mall vancouver , british columbia canada v6t 1z1 information will be made available at the wccfl web site : http : / / www . interchange . ubc . ca / msr / wccfl . html /
  """",0
  1644,""""Subject: forwarded : ucla jobs / temporary ( 97-98 )
   
   ucla jobs / temporary ( 97-98 ) priority normal the ucla department of linguistics expects to have several short-term jobs available teaching various courses in the coming academic year ( 1997-98 ) . most of the positions are in the area of syntax , though we will hire in other areas too . these are all replacement positions , for faculty who are on leave , and there is no realistic prospect of any of them developing into permanent positions . some of the courses that need to be taught are undergraduate classes , while others are graduate classes . at least three , and possibly as many as five courses will involve syntax courses at various levels , ranging from introductory undergraduate syntactic analysis to advanced graduate seminars . our most pressing need in these areas is during the fall and winter quarters ( see below for an outline of quarter dates ) . in addition , we may need an instructor for two lower-division introductory courses in general linguistics in the winter and / or spring quarters ; one of these is a generic intro to linguistics ; the other is a course surveying the languages spoken in the usa , including immigrant languages , american indian languages , and dialects of english and spanish , covering phonetics , history , and sociolinguistic issues , among others . finally , we will have openings for advanced graduate courses in some of the subfields represented in our department - - such as phonology , phonetics , psycholinguistics , computational ling . , syntax , semantics , specific language areas ( such as african , american indian , etc . ) for these advanced graduate courses , we are primarily interested in hiring relatively senior people with established reputations ( e . g . people who are on leave and who are interested in visiting ucla ) , though more junior applicants will also be considered . because we have a large number of courses available for visitors to teach next year , we are quite flexible in terms of the type and level of appointments . in particular , we may be interested in hiring some people for single-course lectureships ( paying in the neighborhood of $ 7 , 000 to $ 10 , 000 per 10 - week course , depending on seniority ) ; we may also consider full-time appointments for periods of one or two terms , with a courseload of 2 courses per term , and pay levels per course roughly comparable to those mentioned above . finally , we may make appointments with less than full-time teaching loads ( e . g . teaching one course and co-teaching another ) . these visiting positions are not restricted as to rank . we are especially interested in hiring faculty from other universities who plan to be on leave during ( part of ) the coming academic year and who may be interested in visiting our department for part of the year and teaching a course ( or two ) while they are here . each course runs for ten weeks ( with two 2 - hour lectures per week ) followed by an exam week . applicants should send a letter of application , including a cv , a statement of previous teaching experience , as well as the names , addresses , and phone numbers of three recommenders to : tim stowell ( chair ) , department of linguistics , ucla , los angeles , ca 90095-1543 . ( actual letters of recommendation should not be sent at this time ; likewise candidates should not send voluminous dossiers of publications , etc . ) applications for fall quarter courses should be received by aug . 15 1997 , and applications for winter and spring quarter courses should be received by sept . 10 1997 , though late applications will also be considered as long as the positions remain unfilled . potential applicants are strongly encouraged to inform us by e-mail , as soon as possible , of their intention to apply for these positions . initial enquiries by email may be directed to tim stowell ( stowell @ ucla . edu ) or to anna meyer ( meyer @ humnet . ucla . edu ) . ucla is an equal opportunity employer . - - - - - - - - - - tim stowell chair , ucla department of linguistics 405 hilgard ave . los angeles , ca 90095-1543 usa phone : 1-310 - 825-0634 fax : 1-310 - 206-5743 e - mail : stowell @ ucla . edu
  """",0
  1645,""""Subject: question on a word - reply
   
   many thanks for the replies ! in particular , i ' ll pass on the reference suggestions . i should probably be slightly more specific about what we ' re looking for : a word ( again , my friend writing the dissertation believes one exists ) that would fit in the sentence : """""""" word x has / is [ xxxx ] with the normal usage of word y . """""""" or else : """""""" these people have [ xxxx ] the meanings of word x and word y . """""""" that is , we ' re not looking for examples of x and y , or for a description of the general phenomenon of x changing meaning or having a special ( argot or jargon ) meaning , but we want to know if there is a term [ xxxx ] which would accurately indicate that x and y are being used synonymously when they are not normally synonyms . . . the specific x and y in question here are """""""" marriage """""""" and """""""" home """""""" ( yes , i do realize that """""""" marriage """""""" and """""""" home """""""" overlap a lot in their usage anyway ; i ' m not familiar enough with my friend 's topic to know exactly what she 's arguing , but i believe it involves a particular couple 's development of an individual and idiosyncratic concept of marriage , which at times becomes , um , blended ? with their concept of home to the extent that they will use either word to refer to it . . . something like that . regardless , you can tell from my attempt to state the question why a word is needed . . . : - ) replies by email please ( i ' m not a regular reader of these lists ) . and thanks again . jonathan gilbert jong @ dragonsys . com > > > peter t . daniels < grammatim @ worldnet . att . net > 07 / 29 / 97 06 : 45pm > > > an example would help , but it sounds like you ' re talking about jargon , slang , or argot ( idiosyncratic language varieties defined according to the user group ; see textbooks of sociolinguistics ) . > > > deborah d k ruuskanen < druuskan @ cc . helsinki . fi > 07 / 30 / 97 12 : 00am > > > words used in separate contexts changing meaning ? i should imagine there are quite a lot , particular if you think of american / british differences . [ . . snip ] > > > carsten breul < upp20a @ ibm . rhrz . uni-bonn . de > 07 / 30 / 97 05 : 06am > > > in david crystal 's _ the cambridge encyclopedia of language _ ( cambridge : cup , 1987 ) , there are descriptions of situations resp . phenomena which might be close to what you ' re friend is looking for . [ examples snipped ] > > > > > > > [ the original question : ] > > > > > . . . the question is on behalf of another friend who is working on a dissertation ( not on a linguistics topic , it 's social history of a sort ) ; she wants to describe a situation in which the usage of one word ( in a particular context , by a small group of people ) has diverged enough from its standard usage that it has become interchangeable with another word , normally either different or unrelated in meaning . my friend believes there is a word for this phenomenon , but nobody we ' ve asked so far has been able to identify it . . . does anyone out there know ? jonathan gilbert jong @ dragonsys . com
  """",0
  1646,""""Subject: ccall / celao 3
   
   dear colleague , the following is the first call for papers for the ccall 3 conference , which will be held next june . please forward it to any other colleagues you believe might be interested . thank you . cher ( e ) collegue , voici le premier appel de communications pour le colloque celao 3 , qui aura lieu au mois de juin prochain . veuillez avoir l ' obligeance de le faire parvenir a d ' autres collegues qui pourraient s ' y interesser . merci d ' avance . ian m . richmond . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ccall 3 / celao 3 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # troisieme congres canadien sur l ' enseignement des langues assiste par ordinateur third canadian conference on computer - assisted language learning 25-27 june , 1998 / 25-27 juin 1998 universite sainte - anne pointe - de-l ' eglise , n . - e . / church point , ns call for papers the third canadian conference on computer - assisted language learning will be held at universite sainte - anne , church point , nova scotia from 25 to 27 june 1998 . presentations , software demonstrations and poster sessions , in english or french , are invited on all aspects of computer-assisted language learning . papers and demonstrations will be limited to 20 minutes , plus 10 minutes allocated to questions and discussion . please submit a 200-250 word summary , preferably by e-mail , to the address given below no later than 30 november , 1997 . presenters will be notified by 15 march 1998 . appel de communications le troisieme congres canadien sur l ' enseignement assiste par ordinateur se deroulera les 25 , 26 et 27 juin 1998 a l ' universite sainte - anne , pointe - de-l ' eglise , nouvelle - ecosse . nous sollicitons des communications , des demonstrations de logiciels et des presentations par affiches , en francais ou en anglais , sur tout aspect de l ' enseignement des langues assiste par ordinateur . les communications et les demonstrations ne devront pas depasser 20 minutes afin de permettre une periode de 10 minutes consacree aux interventions . veuillez soumettre , par courrier electronique si possible , un resume de 200 a 250 mots a l ' adresse ci-apres avant le 30 novembre 1997 . toute decision concernant les soumissions sera rendue le 15 mars 1998 au plus tard . ian m . richmond ian m . richmond vrer vp ( academic and research ) universite sainte - anne universite sainte - anne pointe - de-l ' iglise , n . s . church point , ns b0w 1m0 b0w 1m0 telephone : ( 902 ) 769-2114 telephone : ( 902 ) 769-2114 telecopieur : ( 902 ) 769-3120 fax : ( 902 ) 769-3120 richmond @ ustanne . ednet . ns . ca http : / / ustanne - 59 . ustanne . . ednet . ns . ca
  """",0
  1647,""""Subject: need word lists
   
   hi ! i have a program that generates bizarre poetry with an accompanying file of words . i am looking for word lists out on the net . lists of nouns , adjectives , verbs , adverbs , conjunctions , etc . also , if you know of any word lists by topic : computer , science , drama , art , agric-sci , plz let me know where these are on the net . thanks ! gloria mcmillan * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * gmcmillan @ east . pima . edu http : / / pimacc . pima . edu / ~ gmcmillan / index . html virtual classroom : diversity university moo telnet > 128 . 18 . 101 . 106 8888 login as : co guest type : @ go # 2673 * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - *
  """",0
  1648,""""Subject: estuary english ( fwd )
   
   my name is ines dellarole , and i ' m trying to find a book which name is supposed to be : """""""" who speaks estuary ? we are from del salvador university in buenos aires , argentina . if you have some information related to it , i will appreciate if you send it to me , by e-mail , or by mail . thanking you in advance . best regards , i . dellarole < inespat @ satlink . com > av . rivadavia 2207 5to . i . 1034 buenos aires , argentina .
  """",0
  1649,""""Subject: jireem @ utxvms . cc . utexas . edu
   
   does anyone have a term for the experience of looking at a printed word long enough or saying it out loud enough times so that it loses all semantic associations and becomes an absurd sequence of letters or sound ? either an accepted term or a more personal working term will do . respond to me directly and i ' ll summarize to the list . thanks , michael erard dept . of english ut - austin jireem @ utxsvs . cc . utexas . edu
  """",0
  1650,""""Subject: on line versions of newspapers
   
   dear readers of the linguist list , as we are planning a research project which is going to address itself to the phenomenon of on line versions of newspapers and magazines ( from a linguistic , semiotic and media-studies point of view , but also from a psychological and information-technological perspective ) , we would like to know whether there are any colleagues out there who deal with a similar subject . we are in the know about some people and some projects , but we suspect there must be more people who share an interest in this highly topical issue , however do n't know of one another 's existence and engagement in the matter . we would be only too pleased to make contact with those people , i . e . with . . . you ! prof . dr . martin stegu chair of applied linguistics technical university of chemnitz d-09107 chemnitz germany e-mail : martin . stegu @ phil . tu-chemnitz . de
  """",0
  1651,""""Subject: indoeuropean courses listed by universities ( fall 1997 )
   
   the titus project & the indogermanische gesellschaft present indoeuropean courses listed by universities ( fall 1997 ) see http : / / titus . uni-frankfurt . de / curric / idg-ws 97 . html
  """",0
  1652,""""Subject: thanks to our subscribers
   
   dear linguist list : the time has come for us to once more send out a general mailing , but this missive is much more fun to compose than a call for funds . instead , we thank all those who recently contributed to the maintenance and expansion of the list . because of your generous donations we have been able to hire several new student editors . elaine halleck , marty jacobsen , brett churchill , julie smith , and anita huang will take care of the ever-expanding functions associated with the linguist network . two private donors in particular must be thanked , since linguist 's fund increased by $ 8000 through their signal efforts . linguist and linguistics are in their debt ; by meeting our funding goals , we can continue to grow and better serve the linguistics community . in addition to offering more services to more people , linguist will soon provide * better * service due to the support of the linguistics data consortium . ldc came to our rescue this spring by donating a new sun ultra mainframe computer . this machine will shortly be hosting our email lists , solving the posting problems we all suffered through earlier this year . the consortium also must be sincerely thanked . to conclude , linguist again thanks all of you who responded to our last call for funds , and those who have donated in previous drives . your contributions have provided and will continue to provide the linguistics community with a forum essential to the discipline . we ' ve listed contributors to date below . 1997 contributors valued supporters ( $ 50 and under ) anonymous galina alexandrova lloyd anderson ( ecological linguistics ) paula baird robert beard mayrine bentley cassian braconnier joaquim brandao de carvalho carsten breul deborah brownstein claudia brugman r . joe campbell linda coleman anthony davis dorothy disterheft jean - louis duchet suzette haden elgin david eddington feride erku dominique estival susan felshin luisanna fodde robert fouser louanna furbee judith fuller elly van gelderen keith goeringer claire gronemeyer alan harris fritz heberlein suzanne hilgendorf caitlin hines david holt alice horning elizabeth hughes bernhard hurch frances ingemann martha islas elaine jones marion kee andrew kehler suzanne kemmer jong - mi kim carolyn kirkpatrick micael kliffer john koontz knud lambrecht young - h lee judith levi joan levinson vern lindblad virginia locastro fernando martinez - gil ana maria martins bart mathias madeline m . maxwell scott mcginnis sue medeiros anita mittwoch simon musgrave michael newman lynn nichols richard oehrle fernando ordonez susan pintzuk terence potter burton rosner lynn santelmann mary schleppegrell andreas schramm klaus schubert carol myers scotton antonio r . m . simoes jim sneddon susan steele roland sussex jan - olof svantesson robert l . trammell u . of michigan linguistics dept . jeff von munkwitz - smith barbara vance joerg wagner kathleen m . ward frank wijnen patrons ( $ 50 or more ) : anonymous anders ahlqvist belinda bicknell & gary witus wayles brown claudia brugman cascadilla press donna christian billy clark bernard comrie hortensia curell mary dalrymple douglas l . dee stanley dubinsky dept . of linguistics , university of durham william edmondson dan everett julia falk joseph foster donald freeman nancy frishberg kazuhiko fukushima richard hudson barbara herrarte michael hess roderick jacobs dora johnson ioanna kappa hans kronning indiana university press linguistique africaine ( via cassian braconnier ) ernest mccarus jerry mcmenamin geoff nathan barbara pearson ingo plag linda stump rashidi robert ratcliffe ann reboul recherches linguistiques de vincennes lisa reed nikolaus ritt charles scott carlota smith ute smit university of maine linguistics dept . max wheeler ronnie wilbur mainstays ( $ 100 or more ) : graeme forbes vicki fromkin bruce fraser monica macaulay & joseph salmons marguerite mackenzie johanna nichols sergio scalise chi - lin shih and richard sproat frances trix blackwells publishing center for applied linguistics cornell university press csli garland publishing holland academic graphics indiana university linguistics club john benjamins publishing , north america kluwers publishing linguistic society of america the lucent foundation ( via chilin shih and richard sproat ) media enterprise michigan state university , linguistics dept . mit press mitwpl ( mit working papers in linguistics ) montclair university , dept . of linguistics ndt media oxford university press routledge summer institute of linguistics university of north texas , division of linguistics university of connecticut , linguistics club mouton de gruyter
  """",0
  1653,""""Subject: qs : a question from ask - a-linguist
   
   hi there ! i am sure you all know about the marvelous service that """""""" ask - a-linguist """""""" offers to the public . we received the following request on july 14 and until last night , there was no answer to it :
  """",0
  1654,""""Subject: computational linguistics : the altavista """""""" refine """""""" option
   
   a colleague of mine told me about the """""""" refine """""""" option offered by the altavista search engine ( http : / / www . altavista . digital . com / ) and how good it was . in a nutshell , the """""""" refine """""""" options returns a list of synonyms of , and notions related to the words in your query . indeed , it gave extremely sensible responses . perversely perhaps , i tried it in french , using """""""" vin """""""" ( what else ! ) as the keyword . bingo . this is what it returned : 72 % etait , etre , annees , meme , apres , etaient , derniers 59 % egalement , particulierement , differentes , possibilite 52 % qualite , vins , vin , vignoble , vigne , crus , vignes , vignerons , vigneron [ etc . . . ] far from satisfactory . """""""" eau """""""" and """""""" pain """""""" returned similar nonsense , featuring """""""" etaient """""""" , """""""" etre """""""" , """""""" egalement """""""" et alia in prominent positions . in fact , altavista """""""" refine """""""" seems decidedly adverse to foodstuff in french , """""""" fruit """""""" , """""""" poisson """""""" and """""""" sandwich """""""" failing equally miserably ( so did """""""" sable """""""" , """""""" mer """""""" , """""""" lac """""""" ) . so i was quite surprised when italian queries about """""""" wine """""""" returned sensible synonyms : 60 % vino , vini , vigneti , uve 40 % quantita , ettari , vitigni 39 % sapore , profumo , invecchiamento [ etc . ] """""""" acqua """""""" and """""""" pane """""""" fared equally well . so i turned my attention to spanish . spanish did quite as badly as french . this is quite puzzling for the size of the spanish data is quite large . i do n't know what inspired me , i decided to ask for an italian sandwich ( """""""" panino """""""" ) . bingo again ! 60 % perche , chissa , guardo , cazzo , sembrava , poiche , merda , riposto [ yes , unbelievable but true ] 54 % mangiare , specialta , birra , mangia , roba , piatti , gusti , soldi , bere 33 % avevo , scusa , aveva , stavo , rispose , facevano [ etc . ] my colleague and i scratched our collective heads , experimented some more , and came to the conclusion that the thesauri are built by a neural net ( she is heavily into neural nets ) . still , the excellent behaviour of the english thesaurus was suspect . but no , experimenting demonstrated that it could not have been a hand-crafted thesaurus . there are ways of """""""" salting """""""" a neural net and that is probably what digital did for english ( and perhaps for italian ) . do take a break and experiment a bit with altavista """""""" refine """""""" option in your favourite languages ( polish was as nonsensical as french ) . it is quite amusing . and perhaps useful : next time someone knocks at your door with a neural net for sale . . . ( i have seen queries for """""""" kentucky fried chicken """""""" return """""""" chicken sexers """""""" , """""""" waste burners """""""" and """""""" singing teachers """""""" , courtesy of a neural net ) . j . guy @ trl . telsta . com . au
  """",0
  1655,""""Subject: adjectives , terminology , follow-up
   
   colleagues , yesterday 's question about needing a term for a distinction in adjective use yielded lots of helpful responses . the terms i ' ll settle on are """""""" relational """""""" and """""""" qualitative """""""" . thanks especially to robert beard . ( economic is mainly relational ; economical is mainly qualitative ; educational in ' educational institution ' is relational ; in ' educational experience ' it 's qualitative ; etc . ) chuck fillmore - = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = charles j . fillmore , university of california , berkeley , ca 94720 fillmore @ icsi . berkeley . edu office in icsi : 510 642 4274 extension 314
  """",0
  1656,""""Subject: sum : ocr software
   
   a couple of weeks back i posted a query about ocr software for the mac that is trainable enough to be useful to a linguist scanning latin or ipa - based non - english texts . thanks to jakob dempsey sarah rilling michael betsch andrew arefiev marc fryd and daniel loehr for their responses . in the mac world , it appears that the front-runner in this area is the widely-available omnipage programme from caere corporation ( http : / / www . caere . com for info ) . it is apparently trainable although one respondent expressed some doubts about being able to train it to handle more than a single special font . i should also mention that the first sales rep i talked to previously about omnipage seemed to think that it might have trouble with the combinations of letters and diacrits typical of ipa - based alphabets . however , the publicity literature on the web site seems to imply that it can be trained to recognize combinations of separate characters and the last sales rep i talked to seemed to think that there was no doubt that omnipage could do the job . jakob dempsey also mentioned an """""""" expensive kurzweil product """""""" for the mac , but i have n't heard anything further about this . i also got two responses that mentioned windows - based applications that are highly trainable . one is a german product called optopus made by a german company called makrolog in wiesbaden which is """""""" exclusively trainable """""""" - - that is , it needs to be trained from scratch and so can be configured to any alphabet you like . the other is by a russian company called bit software ( www . bitsoft . ru ) ; their programme is called finereader and in addition to having a wide range of set alphabets for langauges using both latin and cyrillic , they report having sucessfully trained it to recognize icelandic and tibetan fonts ) . david beck = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = david beck department of linguistics sixth floor , robarts library 130 st . george st . university of toronto toronto , ontario m5s 3h1 canada e-mail : dbeck @ chass . utoronto . ca phone : ( 416 ) 978-4029 ( 416 ) 923-2394 ( home ) fax : ( 416 ) 971-2688
  """",0
  1657,""""Subject: job : indonesian / asian studies
   
   lecturer ( indonesian / asian studies ) ( ref : a41 / 97 ) school of asian studies university of western australia applications are invited for appointment to the above position for a fixed term period of 3 years with prospects of re-appointment or for a tenurable appointment . ( substantial tertiary teaching experience and publications will be a prerequisite for a tenurable position . ) the appointee will have the ability to teach both indonesian language and inter-disciplinary asian studies courses focusing on contemporary society and culture . candidates must be fluent in both indonesian and english and have completed , or be close to completing , a phd degree on an aspect of indonesian language , society or culture . some experience of teaching indonesian language and / or asian studies at tertiary level is necessary , as are research publications or demonstrated potential . the ability to assume administrative responsibilities for the indonesian programme , as required , is desirable . the position will be available from 1 january 1998 . applicants with teaching experience are requested to submit a teaching portfolio as part of their application . for further information and copies of the selection criteria please contact professor beverley hooper on telephone ( 08 ) 9380 2080 or fax ( 08 ) 9380 1167 or email astudies @ cyllene . uwa . edu . au . details of the school 's programmes are available on http : / / www . arts . uwa . edu . au / aswww / salary range : lecturer level b $ 45 , 194 - $ 53 , 669 p . a . closing date : 5 september 1997 benefits include superannuation , fares to perth ( if applicable ) for appointee and dependent family , removal allowance ( if applicable ) study leave and long service leave . conditions of appointment will be specified in any offer of appointment which may be made as a result of this advertisement . written applications quoting reference number , telephone number , qualifications and experience and the names , addresses ( including email ) and fax / telephone numbers of 3 referees should reach the director , human resources , the university of western australia , nedlands wa 6907 , by the closing date . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * reader 's of linguist might note that uwa also has a separate linguistics program in the centre for linguistics . . http : / / www . arts . uwa . edu . au / lingwww / this comment is not an official part of the advertisement : ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  1658,""""Subject: re : code - switching
   
   hello everyone . i want to apologize for not posting this update sooner . i wanted to thank those from the list who responded to my code-switching post in march . ( literature [ spanish - english in the united states linguist issue 8 . 1072 ] ) thanks again to jeff yowell , carol myers - scotton , alex zheltuhin , kenya dworkin , john konopak and fernanda ferreir . judith judith rojas colorado state university judith @ lamar . colostate . edu
  """",0
  1659,""""Subject: on line conference
   
   on line conference """""""" speech syntesis and analisis """""""" october 16-26 1997 dear colleaque , electronic journal """""""" web journal of formal , computational & cognitive linguistics """""""" ( http : / / www . ksu . ru / kazan / science / fccl / index . html ) is go - ing to held an on-line conference """""""" speech syntesis and analisis """""""" . all the materials will put on the web site of the journal . after the con - ference the materials of the conference are to be published in the journal . the editorial board of the journal is in charge for all re - viewing & moderation . submission & review procedures : paper selection and review procedures will be similar to those of a regular conference . all text must be in ascii . papers must be sent to < speech . list @ ksu . ru > . the first 3 lines of the message should consist of your name your email address the title of the paper our time-frame is : deadline for papers : september 20 , 1997 final program announced : october 10 , 1997 participation in the on-line conference will be carried out on the list speech . list that has been created for that purpose . to subscribe to this list , send the following message to < speech . list @ ksu . ru > : subscribe speech . list yourfirstname yourlastname for example : subscribe speech . list bill gates once you have received confirmation of your subscription , you may send messages to < speech . list @ ksu . ru > , and you will automatically receive all new messages sent to the list . a record of all message received will be maintained on a specific web page at the conference site . par - ticipants may send their comments and questions by means of the speech . list . everyone subscribed to the list will receive these messa - ges . if you wish to leave the list , send the following message to < speech . list @ ksu . ru > : unsubscribe speech . list < firstname lastname > . at the end of the conference , participants will be automatically un - subscribed from the speech . list . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - valery solovyev editor """""""" web journal of formal , computational & cognitive linguistics """""""" kazan state university , dep . computer science , kazan , 420008 , russia e - mail : solovyev @ open . ksu . ras . ru - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  1660,""""Subject: ucla dept . of linguistics 96-97 job & fellowship bulletin # 27 ( fwd )
   
   editor ' s note : some of these jobs have already been posted to the list . august 1 , 1997 ucla dept . of linguistics 1996-97 job and fellowship bulletin # 27 267 . ben-gurion university . postdoc at ben - gurion university , beer - sheva , israel : to work with nomi erteschik - shir and tova rapoport on verbal projection and focus . project funded by the israel science foundation . preference for candidate with an interest in the syntax / lexical-semantics interface . beginning november 1st , 1997 for one to two years . applicants should send ( by e-mail ) cv , names of three references , and samples of their work to : nomi erteschik - shir , department of foreign literatures and linguistics , ben gurion university of the negev , p . o . box 653 , beer sheva , israel home : 972 - 7-6469482 work : 972 - 7-6461117 or 972 - 7-6461128 fax : 972 - 7-6472907 268 . lancaster university . the lancaster university consortium - universities of central lancashire , lancaster , sheffield , university college of st . martin , lancaster and homerton college , cambridge - has been awarded 247k from the h . e . f . c . e f . d . t . l . for a 3 - year project on ' developing inter-cultural and socio-linguistic competence in university students undertaking periods of study and work abroad : the identification and dissemination of good practice ' . suitably quali-fied graduates wishing to pursue a 3 - year ph . d . research programme monitoring / analysing the project are invited to apply for a research studentship of 5000 + fees p . a . for the year beginning 1 october 1997 , at lancaster university . appli - cations by 25 august to r . h . crawshaw , french studies , lancaster univ . , la1 4yn , england . further details from rosemary anderson at the same address - 01524 592669 - e-mail r . anderson @ lancs . ac . uk 269 . lancaster university . the lancaster university consortium - universities of central lancashire , lancaster , sheffield , university college of st . martin , lancaster and homerton college , cambridge - has been awarded 247 , 000 from the h . e . f . c . e . f . d . t . l . for a 3 - year project on ' developing inter-cultural and socio-linguistic competence for periods of study and work abroad : the identification and dissemination of good practice in student support and guidance ' . applications are invited for two posts of project officer , one full-time , one 0 . 5 - time , starting 1 september 1997 or soon after . project officers will be based at lancaster and responsible , under the director , for administering and helping devise the project . together with experience of residence in europe and fluency in at least one of french , german , spanish or italian , the ideal candidates will also have computer and communication skills and organisational experience . initial salary 15 , 159 pounds . applications , by 18 august , to personnel services , lancaster univ . , la1 4yw , from whom also further particulars are available . 270 . lernout & hespie speech products ( belgium ) . language specialist korean for language development location : ieper ( belgium ) function : this person will assist in the development of text-to - speech systems and derived applications and / or in other projects in the field of natural language processing and speech technology . he / she will work in different language groups and report to a group leader and to the language development manager . profile : * university degree in philology or linguistics , or equivalent ; * excellent knowledge of korean ( native or near native command of the language ) ; * interest in the linguistic aspects of korean and / or other languages ; * at least a basic experience with and interest in computers ; * good knowledge and / or experience in one or more of the following areas are considered an asset : - speech processing , esp . text-to - speech synthesis ; - phonetics ; - computer linguistics ; - natural language processing ( nlp ) ; - spoken dialog systems ; - computer technology ; - use of standard software packages ; - programming ; - other languages than the target language ; * ability to work in a team and independently ; * persever-ance , accuracy and thoroughness ; * good social and communicative abilities ; * fluent in english ( working language ) ; * willingness to travel abroad for limited periods of time . lernout & hauspie speech products is premier provider of speech technology worldwide . lernout & hauspie speech products is an international leader in the development of advanced speech technology for various commercial applications and products . lernout & hauspie is the only company offering a full range of speech technologies ( text-to - speech , speech-to - text , speech-to - speech and text-to - text ) on multiple platforms in multiple languages . l&h 's four core techno-logies , ( automatic speech recognition , txt-to - speech conversion , digital speech compression and language translation ) are licensed to some of the world 's best-known companies in the telecommunications , computers / multimedia , consumer electronics and automotive industries . we can offer you a challenging job with a fast growing belgian company with a remuneration matching your qualifications . you can contact us by mail : lernout & hauspie speech products , personnel department , attn . patrick thomas , sint - krispijnstraat 7 , 8900 ieper belgium by fax : + 32 - ( 0 ) 57-208489 by email : job-announce @ lhs . be ( with automatic reply ) more info about l&h can be found at http : / / www . lhs . com 271 . microsoft . the nlp group in microsoft research is looking for a computational grammarian for french . the position will be located on the microsoft central campus in redmond , washington , usa . this is a great oppor - tunity to work with a dedicated group of researchers who are creating a system for unrestricted text understanding and generation , and integrating that technology into microsoft products that are sold around the world . responsibilities : the primary responsibility will be designing and writing critique rules for a grammar checker . the rules are based on the output of our french language parser , so the critique rule writer will become intimately familiar with the microsoft natural language system , and will then enhance the system by creating rules to flag grammatical errors and suggest alternatives . qualifications : the qualifications should include experience in linguistic research and software development ; familiarity with natural language processing ; a flexible approach to linguistic theory ; and an advanced degree in linguistics , computer science , or a closely related discipline . native proficiency in french is assumed ; practical experience with nlp implementation issues or grammar checkers is highly desirable . about the microsoft nlp research group : we are in the process of designing and building a system to analyze unrestricted natural language , taking input text , and moving from lexical / morphological analysis through syntax , semantics , and eventually pragmatics and discourse . a generation component is also planned . as part of microsoft research , we work toward the long-term goal of broad coverage language analysis : however , we also work close-ly with product groups to integrate our technology into microsoft products . in microsoft office ' 97 , the english grammar checker is based on our technology . we are ready to develop the same system for french . we are empirically oriented , and are happy to use good linguistic ideas wherever they can be found . a reason-able first-version summary of our techniques and some of our experience can be found in the book """""""" natural language processing : the plnlp approach , """""""" kluwer academic publishers , boston , 1993 . for more information about the nlp group , connect to our home page on the www . http : / / www . research . microsoft . com / nlp contact : please send resumes , cover letters , and any additional materials to : steven clyne , human resources , microsoft corporation , one microsoft way , redmond , wa 98052 usa email : stevecl @ microsoft . com 272 . ucla . the ucla dept . of linguistics expects to have several short-term jobs available teaching various courses in the coming academic year ( 1997-98 ) . most of the positions are in the area of syntax , though we will hire in other areas too . these are all replacement positions , for faculty who are on leave , and there is no realistic prospect of any of them developing into permanent positions . some of the courses that need to be taught are undergraduate classes , while others are graduate classes . at least three , and possibly as many as five courses will involve syntax courses at various levels , ranging from introductory undergraduate syntactic analysis to advanced graduate seminars . our most pressing need in these areas is during the fall and winter quarters ( see below for an outline of quarter dates ) . in addition , we may need an instructor for two lower-division introductory courses in general linguistics in the winter and / or spring quarters ; one of these is a generic intro to linguistics ; the other is a course surveying the languages spoken in the usa , including immigrant languages , american indian languages , and dialects of english and spanish , covering phonetics , history , and sociolinguistic issues , among others . finally , we will have openings for advanced graduate courses in some of the subfields represented in our department - - such as phonology , phon-etics , psycholinguistics , computational ling . , syntax , semantics , specific language areas ( such as african , american indian , etc . ) for these advanced graduate courses , we are primarily interested in hiring relatively senior people with established repu-tations ( e . g . people who are on leave and who are interested in visiting ucla ) , though more junior applicants will also be considered . because we have a large number of courses available for visitors to teach next year , we are quite flexible in terms of the type and level of appointments . in particular , we may be interested in hiring some people for single-course lectureships ( paying in the neighborhood of $ 7 , 000 to $ 10 , 000 per 10 - week course , depending on seniority ) ; we may also consider full-time appointments for periods of one or two terms , with a courseload of 2 courses per term , and pay levels per course roughly comparable to those mentioned above . finally , we may make appointments with less than full-time teaching loads ( e . g . teaching one course and co-teaching another ) . these visiting positions are not restricted as to rank . we are especially interested in hiring faculty from other universities who plan to be on leave during ( part of ) the coming academic year and who may be interested in visiting our department for part of the year and teaching a course ( or two ) while they are here . each course runs for ten weeks ( with two 2 - hour lectures per week ) followed by an exam week . appli - cants should send a letter of application , including a cv , a statement of previous teaching experience , as well as the names , addresses , and phone numbers of three recommenders to : tim stowell ( chair ) , dept . of linguistics , ucla , los angeles , ca 90095-1543 . ( actual letters of recommendation should not be sent at this time ; likewise candidates should not send voluminous dossiers of publications , etc . ) applications for fall quarter courses should be received by aug . 15 1997 , and applications for winter and spring quarter courses should be received by sept . 10 1997 , though late applications will also be considered as long as the positions remain unfilled . potential applicants are strongly encouraged to inform us by e-mail , as soon as possible , of their intention to apply for these positions . initial inquiries by email may be directed to tim stowell ( stowell @ ucla . edu ) or to anna meyer ( meyer @ humnet . ucla . edu ) . eoe . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = fyi ( """""""" for your information """""""" ) / / cheers , ach = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = > > > > > > alan c . harris , ph . d . telnos : main off : 818-677 - 2853 professor , communication / linguistics direct off : 818-677 - 2874 speech communication department california state university , northridge home : 818-366 - 3165 spch csun fax : 818-677 - 2663 northridge , ca 91330-8257 internet email : alan . harris @ csun . edu www homepage : http : / / www . csun . edu / ~ vcspc005 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
  """",0
  1661,""""Subject: tei conference : reminder
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * reminder reminder reminder reminder reminder reminder * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * abstracts due august 20 ! ! ! * * * * * text encoding initiative tenth anniversary user conference http : / / www . stg . brown . edu / webs / tei10 / november 14-16 , 1997 brown university providence , rhode island , usa sponsored by brown university computing and information services brown university libraries - o - to commemorate the tenth anniversary of its founding , the text encoding initiative ( tei ) is sponsoring its first user conference , to be held 14-16 november 1997 at brown university in providence , rhode island . the tei was established at an international planning meeting on text encoding standards , held at vassar college on november 12-13 , 1987 . the tei is sponsored by the association for computers and the humanities , the association for computational linguistics , and the association for literary and linguistic computing . the tei guidelines for electronic text encoding and interchange were published in spring of 1994 . they provide an extensive sgml - based scheme for encoding electronic texts across a wide spectrum of text types and suitable for any kind of application . the guidelines have already achieved wide-scale implementation in projects throughout north america and europe . the tei conference will bring together users of the tei guidelines in order to share ideas , experiences , and expertise , provide a forum for technical discussion and evaluation of the guidelines as they have been implemented across a variety of applications . the topics include but are not limited to : o reports on the use of the tei scheme in a particular project or in a particular application area or discipline o reports from particular user communities such as the builders and designers of electronic text centers , digital libraries , language corpora , electronic editions , multi-media databases , etc . o evaluations of the tei scheme as applied to a particular class of texts or in a particular type of scholarly research o technical discussions of particular encoding problems and solutions such as unusual or complex text types , multi-media , multiple views or information types , multi-lingual data and internationalization , textual variation , overlap , etc . o papers on customization and extension of the tei for particular application areas and text types o reports on experience using off-the - shelf software with tei documents , or developing software to handle tei material o discussions of markup theory and markup architectures , with particular reference to the tei o discussions of the tei in the light of developments in the larger computing community ( the web , xml , . . . ) a portion of the conference will also be devoted to consideration of the future of the tei . possible topics to be discussed include the organization of the project , membership on the component committees , priorities , and new work items to be proposed to the technical review committee . submissions : submissions of at least 1500 words should be sent by august 20 , 1997 . email submissions or a url where the submission can be retrieved should be sent to tei10 @ stg . brown . edu . submissions in tei lite are preferred , but full tei or ( valid ! ) html 3 . 2 is acceptable . if it is not possible to submit in one of these forms , please contact tei10 _ program @ stg . brown . edu to make special arrangements . papers should include complete references to related work and should clearly identify the main problem being addressed , other similar projects and their relation to this project , the main and original contribution of the paper , and remaining or open problems . authors are also asked to indicate if this paper is or will be submitted elsewhere . notification of acceptance will be made by september 20 , 1997 . final versions of full papers will be due by october 15 , 1997 . an electronic conference proceedings will be published ; other publication details will be forthcoming . program committee co-chairs : * nancy ide , vassar college * c . m . sperberg - mcqueen , university of illinois at chicago international program committee * susan armstrong , university of geneva * winfried bader , german bible society * david barnard , university of regina ( sask . ) * lou burnard , oxford university computing services * tom corns , university of wales , bangor * steve derose , inso corp . * david gants , university of georgia * dan greenstein , king 's college , london * susan hockey , university of alberta * stig johansson , university of oslo * judith klavans , columbia university * terry langendoen , university of arizona * elli mylonas , brown university * john price - wilkin , university of michigan * gary simons , summer institute of linguistics * frank tompa , university of waterloo * syun tutiya , chiba university * antonio zampolli , university of pisa for more information about the conference : on program and paper submissions : tei10 _ program @ stg . brown . edu about local arrangements : tei10 @ stg . brown . edu url : http : / / www . stg . brown . edu / webs / tei10 / for more information about the tei : url : http : / / www . uic . edu / orgs / tei /
  """",0
  1662,""""Subject: cocosda-97 in rhodes
   
   cocosda ' 97 announcement and call for submissions cocosda , the coordinating committee on speech databases and assessment , was founded in 1991 , and has held yearly workshops ever since . the 1997 cocosda workshop , on the theme """""""" standards and tools for linguistic annotation of speech databases , """""""" will take place at the convention centre of the rodos palace hotel , in rhodes , greece , on the two days following the eurospeech meeting : friday , september 26 and saturday , september 27 . it will be co-located with the cost workshop on """""""" speech technology in the public telephone network : where are we today ? """""""" held in the same facility on the same two days . overall registration is limited to 200 , 100 from each organization . cocosda aims to promote collaborative work and information exchange for resources and standards in spoken language engineering . it maintains working groups on speech corpora and labelling , speech synthesis assessment , and speech recognition assessment . cocosda workshops include reports on relevant activities around the world , and discussions of topics of mutual interest . further information about cocosda can be found at the url http : / / www . itl . atr . co . jp / cocosda / , and further information about cost ( european cooperation in the field of scientific and technical research ) can be found at http : / / www2 . cordis . lu / cost / src / intro . htm . submissions on the theme of cocosda ' 97 , as well as other relevant subjects , are invited . registration for cocosda ' 97 to register for cocosda97 , see http : / / www . ldc . upenn . edu / cocosda97 . cocosda ' 97 attendees are welcome to attend sessions of the cost workshop as well , though they will have to register separately for cost in order to get a copy of the proceedings . on friday afternoon , there will be a joint cost / cocosda session on the topic of speech recognition . on friday morning and saturday afternoon , cocosda ' 97 will meet separately from cost . there will be both reports of general interest and presentations on the workshop theme . on saturday morning , the three cocosda working groups ( on speech corpora and labelling , speech synthesis assessment , and speech recognition assessment ) will meet separately , as arranged by their individual organizers . information for cocosda ' 97 presenters cocosda ' 97 is focused on standards and tools for linguistic annotation of speech databases . if you would like to make a presentation on the workshop theme , or on another topic within cocosda 's area of interest , please register for the workshop and send an abstract of 500 words or less to cocosda97 @ ldc . upenn . edu . if possible , include a url for papers or project descriptions . all good-faith submissions will be accommodated , though some may have to be placed in a poster session .
  """",0
  1663,""""Subject: evolvable hardware and gp
   
   paper now available in post script . . . """""""" rapidly reconfigurable field-programmable gate arrays for accelerating fitness evaluation in genetic programming """""""" a late-breaking papers from gp-97 conference . abstract : the dominant component of the computational burden of solving non-trivial problems with evolutionary algorithms is the task of measuring the fitness of each individual in each generation of the evolving population . the advent of rapidly reconfigurable field-programmable gate arrays ( fpgas ) and the idea of evolvable hardware opens the possiblity of embodying each individual of the evolving population into hardware for the purpose of accelerating the time-consuming fitness evaluation task this paper demonstrates how the massive parallelism of the rapidly reconfigurable xilinx xc6216 fpga can be exploited to accelerate the computationally burdensome fitness evaluation task of genetic programming . the work was done on virtual computing corporation 's low-cost hots expansion board for pc type computers . a 16 - step 7 - sorter was evolved that has two fewer steps than the sorting network described in the 1962 o'connor and nelson patent on sorting networks and that has the same number of steps as the minimal 7 - sorter that was devised by floyd and knuth subsequent to the patent . john r . koza forrest h bennett iii jeffrey l . hutchings stephen l . bade martin a . keane david andre published in koza , john r . ( editor ) . late breaking papers at the genetic programming 1997 conference , stanford university , july 13-16 , 1997 . stanford , ca : stanford university bookstore . pages 121 p 131 . available in post script from www at http : / / www-cs - faculty . stanford . edu / ~ koza / john r . koza computer science department 258 gates building mail code 9020 stanford university stanford , california 94305 usa e-mail : koza @ cs . stanford . edu office phone : 650-723 - 1517 ( note new area code of 650 ) home phone : 650-941 - 0336 fax : 650-941 - 9430 www : http : / / www-cs - faculty . stanford . edu / ~ koza / www for gp-98 conference : http : / / www . genetic - programming . org
  """",0
  1664,""""Subject: call for abstracts for the listserve
   
   the 1998 conference of the texas linguistics society title : exploring the boundaries between phonetics & phonology the university of texas at austin march 13-15 , 1998 keynote speakers : abigail cohn , cornell university patricia keating , university of california , los angeles janet pierrehumbert , northwestern university abstracts are invited for 30 minute talks ( with 10 additional minutes for discussion ) on any topic related to the relationship between phonetics and phonology . potential topics include , but are not limited to : theoretical exploration of the interplay between phonetics and phonology encoding phonetic naturalness in phonological theory or representation experimental data ( acoustic or perceptual ) pertaining to phonological patterns and / or sound change phonetic and phonological realizations of specific patterns such as tone and intonation , coarticulation , metathesis , etc . matches and mismatches between phonetic and phonological patterns * especially encouraged * are abstracts dealing with the separation of phonetics and phonology abstracts must be no more than one 8 1 / """""""" 2 by 11 """""""" page , single-spaced , and in at least 12 - point font ( 10 point for examples ) , with one-inch margins on all sides . one additional page with references and diagrams or tableaux may be appended if necessary . all submissions must include the following items : 10 anonymous copies of the abstract 1 3x5 """""""" card with name , affiliation , address , phone number , email address and title of paper deadline for receipt of abstracts is october 17 , 1997 . send abstracts to : tls abstract committee calhoun 501 the university of texas at austin austin , tx 78712 abstracts received after the deadline will not be considered . fax submissions will not be accepted . instructions for email submissions are available upon request . an individual may submit at most one single and one co-authored paper . accepted presenters will be notified by mid - december , 1997 . if presenters wish to have their papers included in the conference proceedings , they must submit a camera-ready copy by may 15 , 1998 . proceedings will be published by the texas linguistic forum . a poster session that will accompany the conference is currently being organized . a call for poster abstracts will be issued soon . preregistration for the conference is $ 15 . 00 ( us ) for students , $ 30 . 00 for nonstudents . for further information , contact tls @ uts . cc . utexas . edu or check out our web page at http : / / uts . cc . utexas . edu / ~ tls / tivoli majors university of texas department of linguistics
  """",0
  1665,""""Subject: prolamat 98 : first announcement and call for papers
   
   the tenth international ifip tc5 wg - 5 . 2 wg - 5 . 3 conference prolamat ' 98 - - - - - - - - - - - - the globalization of manufacturing in the digital communications era of the 21st century : innovation , agility , and the virtual enterprise conference date and venue : september 9-11 , 1998 - trento , italy > > first announcement and call for papers < < abstracts due : november 10 , 1997 acceptance notification : december 20 , 1997 camera ready paper due : april 30 , 1998 please show interest in contributing to prolamat ' 98 using attached form by : september 30 , 1997 the conference scope of prolamat ' 98 expands design and manifacturing issues to include teams and virtual enterprises which come together across space and time to develop new products and bring them to global markets . manufacturing issues and information models have long been part of concurrent engineering ; they are increasingly important in new product innovation and in the development of manufacturing plans and processes which span multiple companies along with multiple time zones . past emphasis on human aspects and innovation provides a strong foundation for the next prolamat , which emphasizes three themes in separate tracks of the conference : track 1 : sharing experience gained from telecommunication use in industry for agility and innovation track 2 : human and machine communications , modelling , standard representations , reuse track 3 : telecommunication and agility impact on software technology for discrete manufacturing background - - - - - - - - - the prolamat conference is an internationally well known event for demonstrating and evaluating activities and progress in the field of discrete manufacturing . sponsored by the international federation for information processing ( ifip ) , the prolamat is traditionally held every three years and it includes the whole area of advanced software technology for design and manufacturing in discrete manufacturing . past conferences have explored : - manufacturing technology , - advances in cad / cam , - software for discrete manufacturing , - software for manufacturing . the eight international prolamat focused on the theme of man in cim . the 1995 prolamat featured the theme of life cycle modelling for innovative products and processes . the 1998 conference in italy will be organized by the university of trento , school of engineeering and department of computer and managemet sciences , jointly with istituto trentino di cultura , under the auspices of the wg2 for """""""" computer - aided design """""""" and wg3 for """""""" computer - aided manufacturing """""""" of the technical committee 5 for """""""" computer applications in technology """""""" . this conference will be the last prolamat before the next century , and it provides an opportunity to investigate and imagine what the digital communications revolution going on all around us will mean for manufacturing . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conference subjects - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - track 1 : sharing experience from telecommunication use in industry for - - - - - - - agility and innovation globalization of product opportunities and manufacturing processes , along with advances in digital communications , are simultaneously enabling and demanding agility and rapid enterprise innovation . a number of industries have been driven to exploit emerging telecommunication technologies as an important tool for meeting these demands . a major goal of this conference will be to complement the more traditional academic presentations with a separate track devoted to sharing industry experience and determining the implications of the emerging digital communications era for discrete manufacturing in the 21st century . - case studies and descriptions of experience with emerging technologies for : - concurrent engineering involving shared product and process models , - applications of telecommunications for agility , innovation or virtual organizations , - distributed business process reengineering and out sourcing , - managing virtual teams and developing and sustaining virtual organizations , - advances in telecommunication technology for collaborative knowledge processing for engineering - tele-presence , remote sensing , and distributed coordination of processes , - collaborative feature modelling , feature-based design , and geometric modelling - integration of emerging technologies and tools into existing product development - collaborative version management and update sharing - tools for enterprise integration and managing organizational change - enterprise-wide distribution and coordination of emerging product models . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ track 2 : human and machine communications , modelling , standard - - - - - - - representations , reuse people , not machines , design new products and make manufacturing systems work . increasingly , groups of people are required to design new products and bring them to market . requirements for agility and the suitability of specific manufacturing processes must be matched with the culture and knowledge base of the work force . world - class processes have floundered when this was not done . information and communication systems can either amplify or reduce the magnitude of differences across culture or engineering discipline . researchers specializing in knowledge representation , modelling , communications , standardization , and reuse will be invited to share their experiences and research perspectives . - enterprise data sharing across engineering , cultural , and supply chain boundaries , - distributed manufacturing and supply chain management - early stage product development which dynamically incorporates supplier constraints - standard models for component information representation , product and process interchange , - technologies for knowledge sharing , collaboration , and across the product lifecycle , - adaptive systems for organizational management , knowledge sharing , education , and training - organizational and manufacturing process simulation - organizing and representing design and manufacturing process for dissemination and reuse - the interface between human and machine for information sharing , training , education , - virtual reality and multi-media in manufacturing and design - collaborative manufacturing process definition and operation - collaborative product and process modeling for the product life cycle - implications of models of human communication for the support of integrated manufacturing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ track 3 : telecommunication and agility impact on software technology for - - - - - - - discrete manufacturing even in today 's post-industrial information-society , machines , not people , ultimately make the products which humans have designed and will use . digital telecommunication has become an enabling technology for agile organizations and an important tool driving some enterprise innovation . what are the implications of these profound changes in communications technology for discrete manufacturing ? which old assumptions must be rethought , and what totally new opportunities now exist ? how have software tools for discrete manufacturing evolved during these past three years ? the conference , as a whole , and this track , in particular , will attempt to answer these far reaching questions . - rapid and virtual prototyping using distributed teams or distributed manufacturing , - concurrent and simultaneous engineering systems - distributed and global methodologies for design and collaborative manufacturing - intelligent tools which communicate across the shop floor or across institutional boundaries for - automated machining operations , - scheduling , coordination , or planning for machining or manufacturing processes , - architectures , frameworks , and dss for design and integrated manufacturing , - formal design theories and methodologies - engineering simulation , product and process modelling , planning , and scheduling - issues and systems relating to sustainable manufacturing - methods and tools for sustainable product development and manufacturing processes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conference chair : g . jacucci invited members to the international program committee l . alting ( dk ) s . ansaldi ( i ) a . baskin ( usa ) p . bertok ( aus ) s . bhattacharyya ( uk ) o . biorke ( n ) k . bo ( n ) m . boari ( i ) g . bracchi ( i ) d . brown ( usa ) l . camarinha - matos ( p ) l . carlucci aiello ( i ) b - k . choi ( k ) g . christensen ( dk ) c . ciborra ( f ) e . ciciotti ( i ) u . claussen ( d ) j - p . crestin ( f ) u . cugini ( i ) b . david ( f ) c . davies ( uk ) z . deng ( n ) c . dent ( uk ) i . st . doltsinis ( d ) g . doumeingts ( f ) w . ehrenberger ( d ) j . l . encarnacao ( d ) l . estensen ( n ) k . fedra ( a ) s . finger ( usa ) f . gambarotta ( i ) j . gero ( aus ) r . geudj ( f ) p . gili ( i ) b . girard ( f ) f . giunchiglia ( i ) h . grabowski ( d ) u . graefe ( c ) g . guida ( i ) g . halevy ( isr ) j . hardy ( usa ) j . m . hee ( dk ) g . hermann ( h ) b . hofmaier ( sw ) t . holden ( uk ) g . jacucci ( i ) , chair h . jansen ( d ) c . c . kai ( sp ) f . kimura ( j ) t . kjellberg ( s ) d . kochan ( d ) g . kovacs ( h ) z . kozar ( cz ) f - l . krause ( d ) j . latombe ( usa ) g . lazzari ( i ) r . levi ( i ) f . lillenhagen ( n ) w . loeve ( nl ) s . lu ( usa ) k . maclaughlin ( usa ) r . manara ( i ) m . mantyla ( sf ) a . markus ( h ) t . markus ( h ) r . mayer ( usa ) g . menga ( i ) e . merchant ( usa ) j . mermet ( f ) i . mezgar ( h ) r . michelini ( i ) g . micheletti ( i ) v . milacic ( yu ) p . mudur ( ind ) g . musso ( i ) l . nemes ( aus ) r . ning ( prc ) s . nof ( usa ) s . noll ( d ) g . olling ( usa ) t . otker ( nl ) m . pallot ( f ) k . pawar ( uk ) j . peklenik ( sl ) g . perrone ( i ) f . plonka ( usa ) v . ponomaryov ( rus ) m . pratt ( uk ) k . preiss ( isr ) f . prinz ( usa ) b . radig ( d ) f . rigotti ( i ) j . rix ( d ) f . robson ( uk ) c . rosenthal ( usa ) m . sabin ( uk ) a . sambura ( aus ) t . sata ( j ) d . schelfi ( i ) j . schneider ( usa ) g . seliger ( d ) o . semenkov ( bj ) m . shpitalni ( isr ) d . l . shunk ( usa ) r . soenen ( f ) o . stock ( i ) a . storr ( d ) j . c . teixeira ( p ) p . ten hagen ( nl ) v . tipnis ( usa ) p . tiribelli ( i ) n . todorov ( bg ) t . tomiyama ( j ) m . tomljanovich ( i ) e . tyugu ( s ) h . van brussel ( b ) f . van houten ( nl ) g . vernazza ( i ) m . veron ( f ) a . villa ( i ) r . vio ( i ) m . waldron ( usa ) k . wang ( prc ) e . warman ( uk ) m . wozny ( usa ) h . yoshikawa ( j ) r . zandonini ( i ) e . zaninotto ( i ) a . zorat ( i ) r . zuest ( ch ) submission information extended abstracts of two pages , written in english , should be e-mailed to prolamat @ lii . unitn . it by november 10 , 1997 . accepted formats are text only , word attachment or latex attachment . abstracts will present an additional cover sheet providing title , all authors with affiliation , the full address of the principal author ( with phone , fax numbers and e-mail address ) and a list of keywords related to the paper contents . the extended abstracts will be reviewed by three referees for inclusion in the conference program . accepted contributions will be published in the conference proceedings by chapman & hall . format requirements from chapman & hall for the preparation of the camera-ready article , will be sent to the authors in due course . conference organizing committee v . d ' andrea , university of trento , ( i ) y . ficiciyan , ipk berlin ( d ) e . filos , european commission , dgiii , ( b ) m . marchese , university of trento , ( i ) chair m . ronchetti , university of trento , ( i ) g . salvatori , istituto trentino di cultura , ( i ) a . servida , european commission , dgxiii , ( b ) official language : english contact information : contact : mara gruber e-mail : prolamat @ lii . unitn . it phone : + 39 . 464 . 443 . 134 + 39 . 464 . 443 . 140 fax : + 39 . 464 . 443 . 141 www : http : / / www . lii . unitn . it / prolamat / mail : laboratorio di ingegneria informatica via f . zeni , 8 38068 - rovereto ( tn ) italy > cut here and send reply form to prolamat @ lii . unitn . it < _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ reply form ifip international conference prolamat ' 98 the globalization of manufacturing in the digital communication era of the 21st century : innovation , agility and virtual enterprise september 9-11 , 1998 trento name : . . . . . . . . . . . institution : . . . . . . . . . . . e - mail : . . . . . . . . . . i am interested in receiving further notices on prolamat ' 98 . [ ] i am also interested in contributing a paper : tentative title : . . . . . . . . . . the paper will touch upon the following topics : track 1 : experience using telecom for agility and product / process innovation ; [ ] case studies and descriptions of experience with emerging technologies for : [ ] advances in telecom technology for collaborative knowledge processing for engineering [ ] integration of emerging technologies and tools into existing produt development track 2 : human and machine communications , modelling , standard representations , reuse [ ] enterprise data sharing across engineering , cultural , and supply chain boundaries , [ ] technologies for knowledge sharing , collaboration , and across the product life cycle [ ] the interface between human and machine for information sharing training , aducation track 3 : telecom and agility impact on software technology for discrete manufacturing [ ] rapid and virtual prototyping using distributed teams or distributed manufacturing , [ ] intelligent tools which communicate across the shop floor or across institutional boundaries for : [ ] architectures , frameworks , and dss for design and integrated manufacturing [ ] issues and systems relating to sustainable manufacturing
  """",0
  1666,""""Subject: toc for linguist list
   
   dear sirs , prof . helen dry has offered that we might include announcements of our activities in linguist ( message of 24 april 97 ) . you will find the announcement of a workshop on reported speech below . thank you in advance . manfred roncador announcement of a workshop at the ' 20th conference of the german linguistic society ( dgfs ) ' in halle on ' form and function of reported speech ' coordinators : tom gueldemann and manfred von roncador linguistic studies have increasingly demonstrated that in contrast to the traditional approach a clear-cut distinction between direct and indirect speech is for many languages untenable . the existence of such intermediate forms as semi-direct speech , so-called style indirect libre ( free indirect discourse ) , and logophoric constructions point rather to an analysis whereby the different forms of reported speech are assigned a specific position on a continuum whose extreme poles are characterized by a minimal or maximal shift of the deictic centre ( cf . roncador 1988 ) . in the framework of such a theoretical approach , it is interesting to investigate which different functions the individual forms of reported speech may serve in discourse . another interesting question concerns the grammatical characteristics of quotative constructions ( qc ) , i . e . linguistic expressions used in languages to signal reported speech , and how these qcs are related to the functions of the different categories of reported speech laid out on the continuum mentioned just above . possible features to be investigated in this respect are inter alia the internal structure of qcs , the obligatoriness of the individual propositional elements in them ( such as reference to speaker and addressee ) , the particular strategy for expressing the locutionary aspect , and the nature of the semanto-syntactic relation between qc and the quote itself . the historical processes that qcs or their elements are subject to constitute another possible focus of attention . this is meant to include the discussion on grammaticalization processes in this domain , which is already quite extensive but which has probably focused too much on the development of speech verbs only . as analyses of reported speech in single languages are often still oriented towards concepts developed for european languages , contributions on non - european languages offering new insights on less-known aspects of this functional domain will be particularly welcome . this will serve to put these first attempts to typologize the phenomenon of reported speech in its functional and formal aspects ( cf . roeck 1994 ) on a broader empirical basis . references : roeck , m . de . 1994 . typology of speech reports . in : engberg - pedersen et al . ( eds . ) , function and expression in functional grammar . berlin : mouton de gruyter , pp . 331-351 . roncador , m . von . 1988 . zwischen direkter und indirekter rede : nichtwoertliche direkte rede , erlebte rede , logophorische konstruktionen und verwandtes . tuebingen : max niemeyer . prof . helen dry , dr . manfred von roncador afrikanistik i universitaet bayreuth d-95440 bayreuth tel . + 921 / 55 21 91 fax + 921 / 55 36 27
  """",0
  1667,""""Subject: cl school : contemporary topics in computational linguistics
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * sixth international summer school """""""" contemporary topics in computational linguistics """""""" hotel orpheus , tzigov chark , bulgaria 7 - 9 sept ' 97 http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / lab / nlp / ranlp / 97 . html [ summer school ] * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the sixth summer school """""""" contemporary topics in computational linguistics """""""" immediately precedes the international conference """""""" recent advances in natural language processing ( ranlp ' 97 ) """""""" ( 11-13 sept ' 97 , same location ) . the school will continue its tradition of offering both introductory and advanced courses . the programme will consist of tutorials and short courses . lecturers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * yorick wilks ( university of sheffield ) information extraction * sergei nirenburg ( new mexico state university ) multi - engine machine translation environments * pieter seuren ( nijmegen university ) semantic syntax * branimir boguraev ( apple computer , cupertino ) linguistically intensive content characterisation * michael zock ( limsi , cnrs ) natural language generation * harald trost ( austrian institute for ai ) computational morphology * tony mcenery ( lancaster university ) corpus linguistics * ruslan mitkov ( university of wolverhampton ) recent developments in anaphora resolution * carlos martin - vide ( university of tarragona ) natural computation for natural language * benjamin tsou ( city university of hong kong ) automatic abstracting course descriptions are available at : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / lab / nlp / ranlp / 97 . html [ summer school ] location _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tzigov chark is a beautiful resort in the rhodope mountains on the shores of batak lake . it is approximately 145 km from sofia , the capital of bulgaria . a minibus will provide reasonably-priced transport between sofia airport and the summer school 's hotel . registration fees _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ industrial participants 150 usd academic staff 110 usd students 80 usd accommodation and half-board prices _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * option 1 hotel orpheus accommodation and half-board ( breakfast and lunch ) 40 usd a day ( single room ) 30 usd a day ( if sharing a twin-bedded room ) * option 2 guest house belonging to the higher medical institute ( vmi ) plovdiv . 2 - 3 minutes walking distance from the hotel orpheus amidst beautiful fir trees . accommodation and half-board ( breakfast and lunch ) 20 usd a day ( single room ) 15 usd a day ( if sharing a twin-bedded room ) * option 3 accommodation at vmi guest house , half-board at hotel orpheus 30 usd a day ( single room ) 25 usd a day ( if sharing a twin-bedded room ) option 2 : two years ago the guest house had fixed times for meals which clashed with the programme . the local organisers are trying to sort this out . if you would like to share a room , please let us know ; would you please also specify if you wish to share the room with someone in particular . registration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ all participants are requested to complete the following registration form and send it to victoria arranz < victoria @ ccl . umist . ac . uk > we regret to inform you that the local organisers have difficulties in processing cheques , bank transfers and credit card payments . you are kindly requested to pay the registration fees and accommodation / half-board on site in cash . any major currency will be accepted ; us dollars , german marks & british pounds are preferable . ! registration form _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ! ! ! names . . . : ! organisation : ! country . . : ! fax . . . . : ! telephone . : ! email . . . : ! ! ! * accommodation and half-board ! ! [ ] option 1 ! [ ] option 2 ! [ ] option 3 ! ! [ ] single room ! [ ] double room ( to be shared with another participant ) ! ! i 'd like to share the room with : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( specify name ) ! ! for the period ( delete as appropriate ) ! ! [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] [ 14 ] september 1997 ! < - school - - > < - - ranlp ' 97 - - > ! ! ! amount to be paid on site in cash : ! ! accommodation + half board : _ _ _ usd / dm / gbp ! registration fee : _ _ _ usd / dm / gbp ! ! ( please specify the amount you are going to pay in usd or ! the equivalent in german marks or british pounds ) ! ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ < mailto : victoria @ ccl . umist . ac . uk > _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please reserve your accommodation as soon as possible . accommodation capacity in both """""""" hotel orpheus """""""" and vmi guest house are limited : all reservations will be dealt with on a first-come , first-served basis . summer school information _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for further information , if you wish to participate please contact : - victoria arranz < victoria @ ccl . umist . ac . uk > or - malgorzata stys < m . stys @ cl . cam . ac . uk > if you wish to exhibit books / software : - nicolas nicolov < nicolas @ cogs . susx . ac . uk > related events _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the summer school will be followed by the international conference """""""" recent advances in natural language processing ( ranlp ' 97 ) """""""" . http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / lab / nlp / ranlp / 97 . html
  """",0
  1668,""""Subject: world english ma
   
   school of english . university of leeds , leeds , ls2 9jt uk ma in english language and world englishes new ! ! ! first intake in 1998 ! ! ! this innovative ma offers the opportunity to study modern english language in its international context . this is an exciting and growing area in english language study . the ma is of particular relevance to those in britain and outside britain who are interested in broadening their background in english language studies . this course can accommodate the needs of those whose interests are academic , educational , or media-oriented . there are two core modules : modern english language and english as a world language . a wide range of options is available from which students may choose their two other modules . some modules ( e . g . communicating meanings , language & politics , style discourse and rhetoric ) are designed especially for this ma course . in addition , the course is linked to other mas in the school of english ( e . g . in american studies and in literature from commonwealth countries ) and to the ma in the department of linguistics and phonetics . students can take approved options which are primarily language oriented , or literature oriented . many courses are also available which are offered by the school of education as part of their med program . many of these are especially relevant for those interested in the teaching of english as a second language . admission to some of these courses may depend on students fulfilling requirements made by the departments concerned . students are also required to follow a module in research methods in semester i , and to do a dissertation . the duration of the course is one academic year . core modules will be offered in the daytime , while some options are available as daytime classes and others ( e . g . dialectology & sociolinguistics and lexicology & history of english , and most of the education modules ) , where you will be studying alongside in-service teachers , are taught in the evening ( 6 - 8pm ) . students who wish to do this ma should have some background in the study of english language . normally admission would require the minimum of a good second class ba degree in english language and / or literature , or in linguistics . students with good honours degrees in combined studies , or in other subjects , may also be considered if relevant subjects have been taken . students whose degrees are from universities where the medium of instruction is not english will be required to give evidence of a high standard of english proficiency . for more information , contact : professor katie wales ( k . wales @ leeds . ac . uk ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * anthea fraser gupta : http : / / www . leeds . ac . uk / english / $ staff / afg school of english university of leeds leeds ls2 9jt uk * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  1669,""""Subject: position announcement / instructor
   
   position announcement instructor / linguistics the linguistics program at the university of southern maine has an opening for a part-time instructor to teach two sections of an undergraduate course titled """""""" analyzing language """""""" , beginning fall 1997 . this is a """""""" core """""""" course and meets a """""""" skills of analysis """""""" requirement for the usm core program . we are looking for candidates with excellent teaching skills and a broad command of linguistic theory . abd phd candidates are especially encouraged to apply . the two sections meet for 2 1 / 2 hours each at 4 and 7pm on wednesday evenings in portland . in future semesters course schedules can be arranged to accommodate the instructor 's schedule . salary will be in the range $ 1749 - $ 2100 per course , depending upon experience . travel time from boston to portland is about 2 hours by car . if you are interested in this position ( or know someone who may be ) please contact prof . wayne cowart at ( 207 ) 780 4477 ; fax ( 207 ) 780 5561 ; cowart @ usm . maine . edu . candidates should contact us by phone or e-mail first then submit a letter , cv , and a letter of reference from someone familiar with the candidate 's teaching experience . mailing address : linguistics program , university of southern maine , p . o . box 9300 , 96 falmouth st . , portland , me 04104-9300 . the university of southern maine is an equal opportunity employer . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = wayne cowart / assoc . prof . of linguistics / director , usm core curriculum university of southern maine 96 falmouth st . portland , me 04103 usm linguistics webpage : http : / / www . usm . maine . edu / ~ lin e - mail : cowart @ usm . maine . edu phone : ( 207 ) 780-4477 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
  """",0
  1670,""""Subject: australian national place names project - research fellow
   
   macquarie university / australian academy of the humanities the aim of the national place names project is to construct a comprehensive database of an estimated 4 million australian place names , compiled on a linguistic , etymological and historical basis . this position is funded by a grant from the australian research council to the australian academy of the humanities . the appointee will develop the methodologies , the procedures and the regional structures that are necessary for the national place names project to succeed . as part of this process , the appointee will assist in organising a conference with international participation from place names experts , in order to develop methodological best practice for the project . applicants must have a doctoral degree , or be about to submit their dissertation , in a relevant field . they must have experience in lexicography , in historical linguistics or in other relevant research , sufficient to carry out the tasks of the project . preference will be given to applicants who have research experience in place names study , and who have a record of publications in this field . experience in liaising with government departments and in organising meetings and conferences would be an advantage . enquiries and further information package : mr david blair , on + 61 + 2 9850 8736 , fax + 61 + 2 9850 6900 ( e-mail : david . blair @ mq . edu . au ) . an application package must be obtained prior to sending your application . the position is available from 1 october 1997 , for a fixed term of two years . salary range : level b ( lecturer ) $ 42 , 042 to $ 51 , 113 per annum . applications , including full curriculum vitae , visa status , and the names and addresses of three referees should be forwarded to the recruitment manager , personnel office , macquarie university , nsw 2109 by 1 september 1997 . applications will not be acknowedged unless specifically requested .
  """",0
  1671,""""Subject: job : linguistics at delaware
   
   the department of linguistics at the university of delaware ( http : / / www . ling . udel . edu / ling / ) is seeking an assistant professor , tenure track , with a specialization in one or more of the following areas : computational linguistics , semantics , theoretical second language acquisition . the individual will be expected to contribute to the current strengths of the department in theoretical linguistics , and to the integration of linguistics and cognitive science ( including researchers in psychology , computer science , philosophy , neuroscience , educational studies , and the applied science and engineering laboratory ) . the successful candidate will teach graduate and undergraduate level courses in his / her area , as well as some undergraduate service courses . the position will begin 9 / 1 / 98 . phd by time of appointment . interested candidates should send a letter of application detailing how they meet the position description , cv , samples of research / publications , and names of three referees , who the candidate has asked to send letters of recommendation directly to the search committee . all application material , including recommendations , should be received by december 10 , 1997 . candidates should indicate ( in their application or by e-mail ) whether they plan to attend any of the following conferences : the north east linguistic society , the boston university conference on language development , the linguistic society of america . send materials to linguistics search committee , department of linguistics , university of delaware , newark , de 19716-2551 . e - mail inquiries should be sent to professor caroline heycock , the chair of the search committee , at ling-search @ udel . edu . """""""" the university of delaware is an equal opportunity employer which encourages applications from minority groups and women . """"""""
  """",0
  1672,""""Subject: position : computational linguist
   
   postion available : computational linguist cymfony research , located in western new york , is a company that specializes in research and development of cutting-edge information technology . areas of specialization include natural language processing ( nlp ) and multimodal information retrieval . cymfony is actively engaged in developing nlp - based document processing technology . this includes tools for document browsing and information extraction . we have an immediate opening for a computational linguist to participate in the information technology effort . interested candidates should have an advanced degree ( ph . d . preferred ) in computational linguistics . experience with grammar development , parsing technology , and finite state parsing techniques in particular are required . special consideration will be given to individuals having experience with statistical methods in natural language processing . in addition , the candidate must have software development experience in c / c + + , java , lisp , and shell scripting languages such as perl . candidates must have experience on both unix and pc ( windows 95 / nt ) platforms . preference will be given to individuals who are already in the us or have permission to work in the us . please forward resumes ( with references ) to : cymfony 5500 main st . williamsville , ny 14221 fax : ( 716 ) - 565-0308 info @ cymfony . com http : / / www . cymfony . com
  """",0
  1673,""""Subject: british vs . american < a > ( s
   
   griffin bacal internet mail direct inquiries to postmaster @ gbinc . com 8 / 7 / 97 2 : 36 pm british vs . american < a > ( summary ) i received a number of very helpful and insightful replies in response to my question about differences in british & american pronunciations of < a > ( / ae / vs . / a / in foreign and loan words such as france , pasta , nicaragua , et al . ) and thought it might be nice to pass them on to the list . typically , there 's a nice mix of agreement & disagreement among the responses , esp . on the issue of whether americans are more """""""" loyal """""""" to the source languages than britons are . there are also some observations on british changes to native stress patterns ( which i myself noticed while dining out with british colleagues who order """""""" creme bru - lee """""""" for dessert . . . ) . one question that no one 's answered yet , though : in the british english pronunciation of """""""" jacques chirac """""""" , why does """""""" jacques """""""" have something like / a / when """""""" chirac """""""" has / ae / ? ( the non - french stress on the first syllable of """""""" chirac """""""" has been explained to me already ! ) anyway , here are the responses i received . thanks again to all . david weiss david _ weiss @ gbinc . com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 1 ) i ' ve noticed also that the british are more likely to anglicize , in the sense of using english pronunciations , especially of vowels . perhaps this habit comes from their lengthy use of latin , as a learned language . in the middle ages , i believe it was common to adapt latin to the language of the host country . for example , long a in latin was generally said as a post vowel shift / e : / or / ej / in england , as it still is . whereas in north america we generally use the classical pronunciation , with the low vowel . the other instance you cite / frans / vs . / fraens / , is a more recent development in british speech , in which / ae / lowered to / a : / before certain consonants , although not invariably . for example , in laugh , half , castle , fasten , plant , aunt the lower vowel prevails in standard british english . at least this is what i seem to have noticed . how about you ? is it possible that pasta was borrowed into british english after the vowel lowering took place ? that might explain the lack of lowering in this instance . also , the lowering does not seem to be entirely phonologically conditioned , e . g . , ant / aent / vs . aunt / a : nt / . """""""" pants """""""" may not be british , but i do n't believe this vowel is lowered , either : possibly a new borrowing from american english ? dr . ronald cosper ronald . cosper @ stmarys . ca - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 2 ) david , just a quick response to your article in the linguist list . i ' m not british or american , but have had a fair amount of exposure to both accents of english . it seems to me that the situation is n't very conclusive . many british speakers believe that they retain the right to ' naturalise ' or ' anglicise ' foreign words names , but then so do americans . the problems is that they have done this differently . if we look at more recent french borrowings , the british have generally naturalised them in terms of their stress pattern ( therefore : garage , ballet , beret , buffet , massage , to follow the pattern of older borrowings like village , damage ) , whereas americans keep it more foreign sounding by stressing the second syllable . in some cases , in the uk , ' garage ' can rhyme with ' carriage ' , and ' buffet ' with ' ( little miss ) muffet ' . on the other hand , older brits still reserve the right to pronounce ' trait ' with the final < t > silent , as in french , unlike americans ; and as you mentioned , there 's ' france ' ( and ' chance ' , 'd ance ' ) . however , if we think of non - european names like iran or pakistan , one stereotype of american pronunciation is eye - ran and pack-is - stan . moving on to your / a : / v . / ae / distinction that you mentioned , i think some of it will have to do with the fact that in american the < a > in < man > is almost universally pronounced / ae / , with perhaps the exception of southerners . in the uk , on the other hand , it is / ae / mainly in the south . when you move to northern england , or wales or to scotland , the sound is / a / , i . e . close to the european sounds as in german ' mann ' . ( and here , the / a : / in ' path ' or ' car ' is also close to [ a ] . ) you also get this over in northern ireland and the republic . therefore , a southern english speaker would be used to ' naturalising ' an item said using a scots , northern , etc . accent ( thus [ man ] - - > [ maen ] ) , and would therefore apply the same ' rule ' to european names . peter tan elltankw @ nus . sg - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 3 ) hi , i am writing back to you off net because i have nothing really substantive to add to your observation , except to say it is n't just names - listen to the british pronunciation of ' lasagna ' or ' pasta ' as well with [ ae ] . but what i wanted to say is that i named the process """""""" mangle """""""" as a new phonological rule of [ a ] > [ ae ] / [ + foreign ] , or even , more widely , take any foreign word and pronounce it somehow other than the way those foreigners would pronounce it ( you see why i am not replying to the whole net : - ) ) . i noticed it in the speech of my father-in - law , from leeds , whom i love dearly and who insists on saying [ paest @ ] for ' pasta ' . i would never correct him , but i ' ve been aware of it since , and six months of living in britain a couple of years ago only confirmed the observation you have noted as well . i ' m looking forward to seeing what other , more serious , responses look like . margaret e . winters mew1 @ siu . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 4 ) the general rule in british english is to make stressed / a / in foreign words into / ae / , as we have in the u . s . in ' piano ' . but ' france ' does n't follow the pattern , because it was anglicized so long ago , and follows another general pattern of south english dialects that is only a couple of centuries old at most : turn historical short a ( low front / ae / ) into / a : / before ( certain ? ) fricatives , with or without a nasal in between . hence ' bath ' , ' castle ' , ' fast ' , ' lance ' , ' last ' , ' france ' , etc . all have / a : / in the south of england . northerners kept the / ae / pronunciation , as did americans outside the boston area . the word ' bath ' is a good shibboleth for northerners vs . southerners in england . i think i recall reading in some history-of - english text that / ae / - - > / a : / is not a cut and dried rule ( or an exceptionless change - - however you want to think of it ) . and i can't recall exactly how the rule was stated - - perhaps the fricative had to be in a cluster . note that words ending in - ash did not undergo the change . and i ' m not sure how the lengthening of / a / before - r and - l relates to this change - - ' arse ' and ' half ' got / a : / and and then lost their liquids , in both north and south england , but not in america outside boston . try pyles and algeo 's history of english if you want to know more about this particular change . - suzanne kemmer kemmer @ ruf . rice . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 5 ) mr . weiss : i ' m not entirely sure that ' non - english < a > ' is the relevant parameter . i ' ve recently returned from the southwest , where a number of people pronounce ' colorado ' with < ae > ( a pronunciation some national news announcers reporting on the recent colorado floods also use ) . as a native of southern new england , i had always heard this word pronounced systematically and exclusively with < a > , by americans , perhaps , as you suggest , because of its spanish origin . but my recent experience shows that my pronunciation is clearly * not * the only one available . the same variation also occurs in the american pronunciations of ' vietnam ' , with some using < a > , as i do , and others using < ae > . ' native ' english words also participate in the same phenomenon : in addition to ' aunt ' , which is a well-known example , there are words such as ' bath ' , ' path ' , and ' laugh ' , which are often pronounced with < a > , not < ae > , in parts of new england . for these last four words , my native pronunciation is < ae > , although i find myself sometimes using < a > in ' aunt ' , perhaps under the influence of ' worcesterese ' . . . george aubin gaubin @ eve . assumption . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 6 ) it seems to me that the sound represented by < a > in most european languages lies between the english [ a ] as in father and [ ae ] as in pan . the brits tend to slide it forward when pronouncing words such as padre , while the americans tend to slide it back ( except for those great lakes speakers who have shifted / a / towards the center ; they do n't shift it at all ) . in either case they are assimilating the nonexistent phone into their own phonological system . i do n't think either is more ' loyal . ' a similar phenomenon happens with the french rounded high front vowel in ' tu , ' but with speakers of different languages . english speakers , when they do n't get it right , tend to make it a high rounded back vowel [ u ] . spanish speakers tend to pronounce it as a high unrounded front vowel [ i ] . the reason why may be related to subtle shifts in location of native vowels , or customs in teaching l2s or both . michael newman mn24 @ is6 . nyu . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 7 ) hi david . your query on linguist list about foreign ( a ) pronunciation was passed on to me by mark liberman . as he indicated in his response to you , i have just completed a phd dissertation on this subject . the central phenomenon under study was the one you noticed : the difference between american and british treatment of foreign ( a ) . the pattern you observed is indeed the main pattern of divergence between the dialects : americans tend to use the / a : / of ' father ' in words like ' pasta ' and ' mazda ' while brits tend to use the / ae / of ' fat ' . the american usage is really akin to using the / o / of ' pot ' , since for most americans outside of new england / o / and / a : / are merged ( father and bother rhyme ) . the divergence between the dialects is concentrated predominantly in closed ( or potentially closed ) syllables . in open ( or potentially open ) syllables , both dialects use / a : / : americans and brits alike pronounce ' llama , bravado , nirvana ' , etc . , with / a : / . a very good article by geoff lindsey ( 1990 ) , in a volume edited by s . ramsaran called studies in the pronunciation of english , shows that the am - br difference extends to other vowels and reflects a basic difference in the organization of am and br vowel systems : am vowels contrast along a tense-lax dimension and br along a long-short dimension . charles boberg < cboberg @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 8 ) i just had a discussion of this with larry trask , an american - born vasconist working in england ( u . sussex , i think ) . ( cced ; hi , larry . ) based on that discussion , i think i can codify the phenomenon you describe . 1 . the british """""""" nativize """""""" foreign words much more aggressively than the americans . a couple of examples that are unrelated to the [ a ] / [ ae ] issue : """""""" don juan """""""" sp . [ don ' xwan ] , am . [ dan ' wan ] , but br . [ dan 'd zu &n ] ; """""""" don quixote """""""" sp . [ don ki ' xo te ] , am . [ dan ki ' ho ti ] , but br . [ dan ' kwik sot ] . 2 . as a relatively recent innovation ( 1700 's , i think ) , in the south of england an original [ ae ] is backed to [ a ] in some syllables whose coda contains a fricative . hence """""""" grass """""""" , am . and n . eng . [ graes ] , s . eng . [ gras ] ; other examples are """""""" past """""""" , """""""" dance """""""" , """""""" entrancing """""""" , """""""" chaff """""""" , """""""" rather """""""" . this explains [ frans ] ; it 's not an anomalous attempt to retain a foreign [ a ] , it 's a purely southern english [ a ] , exactly as you would expect from an original [ ae ] . 3 . """""""" pasta """""""" is anomalous . from the above account i would expect s . eng . [ past& ] ; are you telling me they say [ paest& ] ? larry ? 4 . when the syllable in question gets farther from the end of the morpheme , things get murky . for """""""" rascal """""""" , both [ ras kl ] and [ raes kl ] sound plausibly londony to me . but what about """""""" vasconist """""""" ? try as i might , i can't imagine anyone , be he ever so eton - and - oxford , saying [ ' vas k& nist ] ; i can only hear [ ' vaes . . . ] . in the foregoing , i have blurred the distinction between the low-mid [ a ] and the low back english vowel that i think looks a little like a """""""" d """""""" in ipa . true oxonians nearly gag every time they say """""""" rather """""""" . allan wechsler awechsle @ bbn . com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 9 ) dear david , nice question : the reason is actually differing vowel systems between us and uk . the back / a / of us that you use in words like """""""" milan """""""" does not exist over here : the closest is the vowel you hear in france , which is / a : / ( back ) . this vowel either occurs 1 ) as a result of the loss of rhoticity ( car , cart ) , or 2 ) ( in rp and southern english ) before voiceless fricatives ( bath ) or clusters starting with a nasal , ( dance , france : the similar vowel to the french from is therefore co-incidence ) . in the case of 2 ) this is a change ( 17 / 18th century ? ) from the front / ae / . to pronounce milan with this way would make it sound like it was spelt """""""" milarn """""""" . an exception to this is some speakers ' pronunciation of pakistan with 2 / a : / s . i ' m a northerner , so use / ae / in bath , france and the words like pakistan ( and iraq , iran , ( woops , but not in zimbabwe ) : may be many of us use / a : / as these have entered the language since the vowel has been available ? ) regards , maik gibson maik @ azariah . org . uk
  """",0
  1674,""""Subject: malc - - final call for papers
   
   call for papers mid america linguistics conference october 24-25 , 1997 university of missouri - columbia proposals for papers in any area of linguistics will be considered for the general session . papers will also be considered for a special session on the history of linguistics . presentation time for papers will be limited to 20 minutes , with 10 minutes for discussion . deadline for receipt of abstracts is august 25 , 1997 . authors are asked to submit three copies of an anonymous abstract . abstracts must be no more than one page in length . also include a 3x5 card with paper title , name of author ( s ) , affliation ( s ) , address , phone number , and e-mail address . e - mail submissions will not be accepted . please send abstracts to the address below . tom stroik , department of english , 107 tate hall , university of missouri - columbia , columbia , mo , 65211 .
  """",0
  1675,""""Subject: history of linguistic and grammatical praxis
   
   * * * ankuendigung - einladung - call for papers * * * xi . internationales kolloquium des sgds mit dem schwerpunktthema geschichte der sprachwissenschaftlichen und grammati ( kographi ) schen praxis history of linguistic and grammatical praxis histoire de la praxis linguistique et grammaticale veranstaltet vom studienkreis ' geschichte der sprachwissenschaft ' ( sgds ) in verbindung mit dem departement linguistiek der katholieke universiteit leuven leuven / louvain ( b ) , 02 . - 04 . 07 . 1998 hinweis : bei dem o . g . themenschwerpunkt ist vor allem an historiographische studien zur grammatikographie , zum mutter - und frendsprachenunterricht sowie zu den bereichen sprachplanung , sprachpolitik und kunstsprachen gedacht . darueber hinaus ist etwa ein drittel der tagung auch fuer andere sprachwissenschaftsgeschichtliche themen vorgesehen . * anmeldeschluss : 15 . 1 . 1998 * kongresssprachen : deutsch , englisch und franzoesisch . anmeldung etc . werden erbeten an : xi . sgds - kolloquium , prof . dr . pierre swiggers , departement linguistiek , katholieke universiteit leuven , blijde inkomststraat 21 , b-3000 leuven ; fax : + 32-16 - 325025 ; e-mail : pierre . swiggers @ arts . kuleuven . ac . be oder prof . dr . peter schmitter , postfach 410115 , d-48065 muenster ; fax : + 49-2534 - 1890 ; e-mail : schmipe @ uni-muenster . de prof . dr . peter schmitter institut fuer allgemeine sprachwissenschaft westfaelische wilhelms - universitaet muenster e-mail : schmipe @ uni-muenster . de
  """",0
  1676,""""Subject: nineteenth south asian languages analysis roundtable
   
   sala xix the department of language & linguistic science at the university of york , york , uk is pleased to announce that it will host the nineteenth south asian languages analysis roundtable 18-20 july 1998 the theme of the conference will be * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * south asian languages : focus on research * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * proposals for 25 minute papers are invited on any aspect of research in south asian languages ( including english ) covering the following areas : bilingualism & the mixed code syntax semantics & pragmatics ( including indian theories of meaning ) phonestics &phonology socio - historical linguistics language variation & change sociolinguistics of society first & second language acquisition applied linguistics . abstracts will be considered for early acceptance starting october 1997 . final deadline for submission of abstracts and the pre - registration form is 1st december 1997 , and for submission of paper is 15 march 1998 . abstracts ( 200 words ) together with the pre - registration form should be sent to the local organizing committee : mahendra k . verma kalika bali dept . of language & linguistic science university of york york , yo1 5dd , uk . your proposal should consist of the following : ( 1 ) the title of the abstract , along with up to 5 keywords ; ( 2 ) the panel heading of the proposal ; ( 3 ) two copies of the abstract with ( on one copy only ) the author 's name , postal address , telephone & fax numbers , and e-mail address where available , and your status - research student , academic staff , researcher . please send any request for information to the above address or to the following e-mail addresses : lang16 @ york . ac . uk or mkv1 @ york . ac . uk or kb107 @ york . ac . uk fax : 01904 432673 . the national organizing committee welcomes you to sala 's first visit to europe : mahendra k . verma ( university of york ) kalika bali ( university of york ) mukul saxena ( university college of ripon & st . john , york ) dierdre martin ( university of birmingham ) gillian ramchand ( university of oxford ) jane stuart - smith ( university of glasgow ) more information will soon be available on http : / / www . york . ac . uk / ~ kb107 sala xix department of language & linguistic science university of york , york , uk nineteenth south asian languages analysis roundtable 18-20 july 1998 south asian languages : focus on research conference pre - registration form please complete the following as you would like it to appear on the participants ' list : your title : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . your family name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . your other name ( s ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . your address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . phone & fax numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e-mail address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please reserve a conference place for me . signature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  """",0
  1677,""""Subject: new listserv for linguist
   
   dear linguist subscribers : this message heralds a change in how mail will be sent to you . up till this time , mail has been distributed to you via one of the listservs at texas a&m university . the address of the listserv by which linguist mail was distributed to you was : listserv @ listserv . tamu . edu and linguist 's main address was : linguist @ listserv . tamu . edu or linguist @ tamvm1 . tamu . edu today we have completed transferring all linguist mailing operations to our own listserv , """""""" listserv . linguistlist . org . """""""" this is now the new mail distribution site for the linguist list . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * from now on , therefore , if you wish to set your * * * * listserv options , you should address your requests to : * * * * * * * * listserv @ listserv . linguistlist . org * * * * the main linguist address has also changed . posts * * * * should now be sent to : * * * * * * linguist @ listserv . linguistlist . org * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * all other linguist and linguist addresses and urls remain the same . for the moment , mail will continue to be forwarded from the old linguist addresses to the new ones . all of us should be grateful to mark liberman and the linguistic data consortium at the university of pennsylvania , who provided this wonderful new machine and a listserv license to linguist . it was an extraordinarily generous gift . we hope that it will provide much improved mail delivery , especially to places outside north america . after , of course , the inevitable software bugs have been worked through ! anthony , helen and daniel
  """",0
  1678,""""Subject: announcement follows
   
   job advertisement : research assistant dept of psychology , royal holloway college , university of london . we require a research assistant to work on an esrc - funded project directed by dr . m . saxton and dr . c . gallaway : ' effects of corrective input on the development of child grammar ' . you will be required to gather child language data in family settings and transcribe the recordings in electronic format . the proposed starting date of the project is the 15th november 1997 and it will last for 13 months . applicants should have a first degree in psychology , linguistics and / or speech pathology . a driving license and knowledge of the childes / chat system would be advantageous . salary range is stlg17 , 293 to stlg19 , 061 . job ref : gh / 1419 . closing date sept 5 , 1 997 . applications and job descriptions are available from personnel department , royal holloway , university of london , egham hill , egham , surrey tw20 0ex . , uk tel : 01784 443030 fax : 01784 473527 e-mail : s . watson @ rhbnc . ac . uk quoting relevant job reference . applications from all sections of the community are welcomed . centre for audiology , education of the deaf and speech pathology school of education university of manchester oxford rd manchester m13 9pl 0161-275 - 3383
  """",0
  1679,""""Subject: new research institute
   
   g . a . i . l . a . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ grupo autonomo de investigaciones en linguistica aplicada san juan - argentina dear fellow linguists ; it is a great honor to introduce you to a new research institute that has its headquarters in san juan , a province in the north-west of argentina , south america . we are concerned mainly with problems of teaching english as a foreign language ( tefl ) . we do research on foreign language learning and coordinate courses and debates on different topics within this general subject . a lot of information as regards the current state of the art is available to all those who are interested . also , it would be interesting to carry out joint ventures as regards research with other people around the world . please , feel free to contact us through my email address : leo ferres email : aleofer @ ffha . unsj . edu . ar thank you very much , and we sincerely hope that we can share information and stregthen communication . grupo g . a . i . l . a
  """",0
  1680,""""Subject: asllrp / signstream
   
   the american sign language linguistic research project involves researchers from boston university , gallaudet university , and rutgers university working together on the syntax of asl . in addition , in collaboration with dartmouth college , we are developing a tool called signstream for the coding and analysis of video-based data . general information about this project is available at our web site : < http : / / www . bu . edu / asllrp / ; . a number of reports and doctoral dissertations are now available in portable document format ( pdf ) and can be downloaded from this site : bahan , b . ( 1996 ) non - manual realization of agreement in american sign language . doctoral dissertation , boston university , boston , ma . maclaughlin , d . ( 1997 ) the structure of determiner phrases : evidence from american sign language . doctoral dissertation , boston university , boston , ma . maclaughlin , d . , c . neidle , and r . g . lee ( 1996 ) design specifications for signstream , a multimedia database tool for language research . asllrp report no . 3 . neidle , c . , d . maclaughlin , b . bahan , r . g . lee , and j . kegl ( 1997 ) the signstream project . asllrp report no . 5 . neidle , c . , d . maclaughlin , j . kegl , and b . bahan ( 1996 ) non - manual correlates of syntactic agreement in american sign language . asllrp report no . 2 . * note that digitized movies demonstrating the grammatical examples are provided . neidle , c . , d . maclaughlin , and r . g . lee , eds . ( 1997 ) syntactic structure and discourse function : an examination of two constructions in american sign language . asllrp report no . 4 . [ contents : hoza , neidle , maclaughlin , kegl , and bahan , a unified syntactic account of rhetorical questions in american sign language ; and lee , neidle , maclaughlin , bahan , and kegl , role shift in asl : a syntactic look at direct speech . ] with respect to the signstream project < http : / / www . bu . edu / asllrp / signstream > , we would be especially interested to receive feedback as to features that potential users ( linguists working with video-based data ) might find useful , to assist us with ongoing design and development .
  """",0
  1681,""""Subject: sem : tocharian
   
   blockseminar : g . pinault ( professeur ` l ' universiti de clermont - ferrand - directeur ` l ' iphi ive ) einf | hrung tocharisch fu berlin , 22 . - 26 . sept . 1997 http : / / titus . uni-frankfurt . de / curric / colloq . htm # berlin97
  """",0
  1682,""""Subject: next child language research forum ( fwd )
   
   announcement - - the next stanford child language research forum will take place in april 1999 . ( there will be no meeting in 1998 . ) proposals for workshops or special sessions at the 1999 meeting are welcome . please send any suggestions , via email , to : < eclark @ psych . stanford . edu > ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ the proceedings of clrf-97 will appear early in 1998 , and will be available from cambridge university press , as are the proceedings of earlier meetings ( check the cup web - site ) . alan c . harris , ph . d . telnos : main off : 818-677 - 2853 professor , communication / linguistics direct off : 818-677 - 2874 speech communication department california state university , northridge home : 818-366 - 3165 spch csun fax : 818-677 - 2663 northridge , ca 91330-8257 internet email : alan . harris @ csun . edu www homepage : http : / / www . csun . edu / ~ vcspc005
  """",0
  1683,""""Subject: british < a >
   
   having followed the discussion of [ ae ] vs . [ a : ] , etc . in s british english , i 'd like to add a few historical points that may help to straighten out some uncertainties . 1 . me / a / remained open [ a ] in s england until about the middle of the 17th century ( the first good witness to [ ae ] is john wallis ' grammar of 1653 ) . at this stage there was no lengthening or change of quality . 2 . the new [ ae ] began to lengthen before / r / in the later 17th century ( categorically ) , and then before voiceless fricatives except [ s ] , and variably before / nc / clusters . the first traces of the lengthening ( well described in christopher cooper 's grammatica linguae anglicanae , 1685 ) show lengthening as variable , more frequent if a consonant follows the consonant causing lengthening : thus short vowel in car , long in cart , short in pass , long in passed , etc . 3 . lengthening increases during the 17th - early 18th century , and by around the 1740s ( e . g . in mather flint 's prononciation de la language angloise , 1740 ) there is variable lowering of the lengthened [ ae : ] to [ a : ] , partly lexically determined . this continues throughout the 18th c . 4 . the situation - - which words have lengthened and / or lowered vowels - - continues to be fluid well into the 19th c . a j ellis in 1874 reports both the modern pattern and a whole set of variants , including short vowels even before / r / . 5 . the retraction to a low central or back ( ish ) vowel is late , probably not before the later 1870s . 6 . the process never diffused through the whole lexicon except before / r / ( which of course was later lost ) ; there are still loads of minimal or near-minimal pairs in rp and other southern varieties , e . g . ass / arse , cant / can't , mass / mask , etc . a lot of forms vacillate , e . g . short or long in masturbate , plastic , etc . ( see john wells ' accents of english , 1982 for a good account ) . roger lass roger lass department of linguistics university of cape town rondebosch 7700 / south africa tel + ( 021 ) 650 3138 fax + ( 021 ) 650 3726
  """",0
  1684,""""Subject: url correction for asllrp and signstream sites
   
   editor 's note : we recently posted information about web sites for the american sign language linguistic research project and signstream . the links within the posting do not function properly . those links follow here . http : / / www . bu . edu / asllrp / http : / / www . bu . edu / asllrp / signstream
  """",0
  1685,""""Subject: grepping summary
   
   thanks to all who responded to my request for grepping under a dos environment with the following syntax : < grep - r < fn1 > < fn2 > fn3 > < where fn1 is the file with the set of strings to be grepped > < fn2 is the data-base > < fn3 is the output . > with the suggestions and help that i have got , i have literally """""""" grepped """""""" all about grep . thanks a lot i got a whole lot of answers which i am summarising below : 1 . the first was to use perl script to write my own grep : for both unix and dos , perl is a language that will easily allow to create a small program that will do what you ask . more information about perl , including free downloads for many environments , can be gotten from the perl language home page , http : / / www . perl . com / perl / index . html . 2 . the second suggestion was similar in nature : use awk and lex tools for the job . 3 . under unix environment three types of grep were proposed : a . egrep egrep - f fn1 fn2 > fn3 where fn1 is a file containing the search patterns ( one per line ) . if you only want to search for literal strings ( no special characters ) then you can use fgrep instead of egrep . do ' man grep ' for more details , b . fgrep fgrep - f patt-file - name < database-to - search > results-file will work , assuming patt-file - name is a file of _ strings _ ( regular expressions containing metacharacters are not allowed by fgrep . ) say man fgrep to get the details . one hitch however it will only match strings , not regular expressions . c . sgrep the sgrep utility ( not standard unix ) permits complex ( and nested ) patterns to be searched for . 4 . under dos the gnu tools are now available under dos ; gnu has only one grep and lets you do this ( according to the manual ) with grep - f f1 f2 > f3 this works and i have used it with success . thanks to andreas mengel incidentally egrep , sgrep and fgrep versions for dos exist and can be found at : ftp . rediris . es / mirror / simtelnet / gnu / gnuish / grep15 . zip thanks to susana sotelo docio 5 . another suggestion was to use sed sed - n - f < file > permits many patterns to be searched for ( with some problems when multiple matches occur on a line . 6 . another solution under dos was to grep for a large number of strings at once in a ` regular expression ' . a second alternative was to batch-file the operation , which i am using at present as a solution , but wanted something more functional . 7 . a commercial solution was also proposed : mks ( mortice - kern ) in canada makes a commercial set of unix apps and commands for use in dos and windows environments , including ksh , awk , grep , gres . their grep syntax is : grep - f pattfile file > output _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ many thanks to : martin wynne < eiamjw @ comp . lancs . ac . uk > will dowling < willd @ spectranet . ca > kevin bretonnel cohen < kevin @ cmhcsys . com > mark liberman < myl @ unagi . cis . upenn . edu > john e . koontz koontz @ boulder . nist . gov peter hamer < p . g . hamer @ nortel . co . uk > stuart luppescu < s-luppescu @ uchicago . edu > stephen p spackman < stephen @ softguard . com > d . lee < d . lee @ lancaster . ac . uk > chris culy < cculy @ blue . weeg . uiowa . edu > david palmer < palmer @ linus . mitre . org > shravan vasishth < vasishth @ ling . ohio-state . edu > susana sotelo doc ' io """""""" < fesdocio @ usc . es > andreas mengel < mengel @ babylon . kgw . tu-berlin . de > for their prompt and helpful replies to my query .
  """",0
  1686,""""Subject: job announcement for chinese linguistics
   
   - - - - - the research centre for general linguistics , typology and universals ( zas ) , the projectgroup focus syntax , seeks : 1 research fellow ( bat - o ii - a ) for the period from january , 1 1998 to december , 31 1999 specialized in the field of chinese linguistics and generative grammar requirements / qualifications applicants should : - have a doctorate ( phd ) based on chinese linguistics ) - should be able to work in the field of information structure , - should be a native speaker of chinese , - have a goodcommand of german and / or english applications - applications should be sent to the zas up to september , 30th 1997 for more information please contact dr . h . d . gasde zentrum fur allgemeins sprachwissenschaft , typologie und universalienforschung jaegerstrate 10 / 11 d-10117 berlin e-mail : gasde @ fas . ag-berlin . mpg . de fax : ( 030 ) - 20 192 402 http : / / www . fas . ag-berlin . mpg . de
  """",0
  1687,""""Subject: conference : dgfs / cl 97
   
   dear linguists , the program of the sixth meeting of the special interest group on computationallinguistics of the german linguistics society ( dgfs / cl 97 ) is now available at the following url : das programm der 6 . fachtagung der sektion cl der dgfs ist unter folgender url verf | gbar : http : / / www . linguistics . ruhr-uni - bochum . de / ~ kiss / dgfs _ prog . htm
  """",0
  1688,""""Subject: web page for als-98
   
   the australin linguistics society ( als ) has prepared a new web page for its forthcoming conference on 3 - 5 july 1998 , in brisbane , queensland , australia . the url for the web page is http : / / www . cltr . uq . edu . au : 8000 / als98 the page also provides links to the other linguistics events taking place in brisbane around the same time : * australian linguistics institute ' 98 ( ali-98 ) * applied linguistics association of australia ( alaa ) 1998 congress * lexical functional grammar conference * australex biennial meeting regards peter white
  """",0
  1689,""""Subject: teach english in china
   
   a number of positions are open for teachers of english at the university of finance in shanghai . interested parties please contact dr . y . ho at hsintl @ aol . com for details .
  """",0
  1690,""""Subject: research positions in berlin
   
   research positions in berlin at zas berlin ( center of general linguistics , typology & universals research ) two positions are expected to become available for qualified semanticians to join already established projects . start : 1 . 1 . 1998 duration : 2 years in the first instance phd required . knowledge of german useful but not essential . salary : ca . dem 3 . 000 pcm netto ( depending on age , marital status , no . of children etc . ) please note : both positions are subject to final approval , expected oct . 1997 . interested persons are invited to send application documents - c . v . , publication list , statement of research interests , names ( + address / phone / fax / email ) of 2 referees - by 31 . october 1997 to : prof . dr . ewald lang zas jaegerstr . 10 / 11 d-10117 berlin , germany ( 1 ) project 3 """""""" noncanonical complementation """""""" the project investigates the syntax of relative clauses and related constructions within the current generative framework . a qualified semantician with a close interest in the syntax - semantics interface is sought . research topics include ( i ) reconstruction effects in relative clauses , clefts , pseudoclefts ( ii ) degree ( ' amount ' ) relatives and comparatives for further details , contact : chris @ asg . ag-berlin . mpg . de ( chris wilder ) ( 2 ) project 5 """""""" predicative constructions """""""" the project deals with lexical semantics and interfaces with morpho-syntax , focussing on predicative constructions with copula verbs including ' remain / become ' in different languages . a qualified semantician trained in representational formalisms and primarily interested in the interface between syntax , semantics and the lexicon is sought . for further details , contact : lang @ fas . ag-berlin . mpg . de ( prof . ewald lang ) website : http : / / www . fas . ag-berlin . mpg . de / - chris wilder zas , jaegerstr . 10-11 , d-10117 berlin + + 49-30 - 20192461
  """",0
  1691,""""Subject: jobs : korean and / or linguistic theory - fall 1997 st . louis
   
   we have a last-minute need for a replacement instructor in st . louis to begin august 27 , 1997 . qualified individuals interested in either the korean courses or the linguistic theory course or both should make contact immediately . the primary position is a parttime lectureship in korean language at university of missouri - st . louis and washington university , which are five miles apart and have a consortium arrangement for east asian studies . two courses per semester are scheduled , one at the first-year level and one at the second-year level . candidates should have a master 's or phd degree , native or near native fluency in korean and in english , and language teaching experience . contact inge goessl , chair , dept . of foreign languages and literatures at umsl : simgoes @ umslvma . umsl . edu ( 314-516 - 6243 ; fax 314-516 - 6237 ) . there also is an adjunct position available in fall 1997 to teach principles of linguistics . this course is offered by the linguistic studies program at washington university for undergraduates and graduate students in fields other than linguistics . it should provide a serious introduction to contemporary syntax and a lesser emphasis on semantics and phonology . the primary text is chomsky 's universal grammar by r . cook ( blackwell , 2nd edition 1996 ) . contact adele abrahamsen , director , linguistic studies program at washington university : abrahamsen @ twinearth . wustl . edu . ( voicemail 314-935 - 7445 ; fax 314-935 - 7588 and 314-692 - 2502 ) . - adele abrahamsen director , linguistic studies program washington university in st . louis campus box 1125 one brookings drive st . louis , mo 63130-4899 email : adele @ twinearth . wustl . edu fax : ( 314 ) 935-7588 and ( 314 ) 692-2502 office location : new psychology building , room 410b office telephone : ( 314 ) 935-7445
  """",0
  1692,""""Subject: seeking spanish editor / translator
   
   new england 's largest translation company , located in cambridge , seeks expert native spanish ability for editing and proofreading technical and commercial material that has been translated into spanish . some translation . this is a full-time , in-house position . minimum 3 years full-time editing / translating experience or equivalent . salary commensurate with experience and ability . fax resume to cindy at 617 . 864 . 5186 or email to cynthia @ linguist . com .
  """",0
  1693,""""Subject: re : q : identifying ungrammatical sentences
   
   we have designed and developed an incremental parsing system called screen which processes spoken language using a hybrid learning architecture . the system receives spoken input and produces a flat syntactic , semantic and dialog analysis . this is performed in an incremental left to right parsing regime . part of the system is also a correction component which deals with incremental ungrammatical phenomena , like interjections , word repairs , repetitions , phrase corrections . if you are interested there is a jair journal article and an animation available from the home page below . this article also contains many more references on incremental grammatical processing . hope this helps , best wishes , stefan wermter * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dr . stefan wermter international computer science institute 1947 center street , suite 600 berkeley , ca 94704-1198 usa phone : ( 510 ) 642-4274 - 185 ( office ) phone : ( 510 ) 528 5009 ( home ) voicemail : ( 510 ) 642-4274 - 899 fax : ( 510 ) 643-7684 email : wermter @ icsi . berkeley . edu http : / / www . informatik . uni-hamburg . de / nats / staff / wermter . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  1694,""""Subject: new books : pragmatics
   
   john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new titles in the field of pragmatics : territory of information akio kamio 1997 227 pp . pragmatics and beyond , new series , 48 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 810 8 price : us $ 68 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3039 0 price : hfl . 125 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com most higher animals are said to be territorial , as a huge amount of work in ethology has made it clear . human beings are no exceptions . they tend to occupy a certain space around them where they claim their own presence and exclude others quite naturally . if territory is so prevalent among higher animals including humans , then is n't it possible to observe its manifestations in aspects of human language ? territory of information starts from this fundamental question and attempts to demonstrate the key function of the concept of territory in the informational structure and syntax of natural language . it offers an anaysis of english , japanese , and chinese in terms of territory and shows its fundamental importance in the interface of information and syntax in these languages . moreover , it argues that the concept of territory plays a major role in the evidentiality of a number of languages and in the linguistic structure of politeness . it also makes much reference to discourse and conversational analysis . thus , this is a book which might interest readers concerned with pragmatics in general , the relationship between informational structure and syntax , evidentiality , politeness , discourse analysis , and conversational analysis . genre , frames and writing in research settings brian paltridge 1997 x , 192 pp . pragmatics & beyond new series , 45 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 807 8 price : us $ 49 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 5058 8 price : hfl . 80 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this book presents a perspective on genre based on what it is that leads users of a language to recognise a communicative event as an instance of a particular genre . key notions in this perspective are those of prototype , inheritance , and intertextuality ; that is , the extent to which a text is typical of the particular genre , the qualities or properties that are inherited from other instances of the communicative event , and the ways in which a text is influenced by other texts of a similar kind . the texts which form the basis of this discussion are drawn from experimental research reporting in english . contents : 1 . introduction 2 . approaches to genre 3 . genre and frames 4 . a sample analysis : writing up research 5 . summary and conclusions . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - anthony p . schiavo jr tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : tony @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
  """",0
  1695,""""Subject: english language teaching at waseda university
   
   there is anticipated to be a vacancy for a permanent faculty member in the area of english language teaching in the division of multidisciplinary studies , school of science and engineering , waseda university , tokyo starting april 1 , 1998 . qualifications : 1 . ph . d . in an appropriate field of humanities or social sciences ( including linguistics ) , with some teaching experience at the college or university level . 2 . command of japanese parallel to that of an educated native speaker . 3 . age younger than 40 . 4 . availability for in-person interview in tokyo at one 's own expense . applications must be submitted by september 15th , 1997 by registered mail with 1 . resume ( curriculum vitae ) 2 . addressed envelope with due postage stamps to prof . ayako sato division of multidisciplinary school of science and engineering , waseda university 3 - 4 - 1 okubo , shinjuku , tokyo 169
  """",0
  1696,""""Subject: position : hamada , japan
   
   please do n't apply by email . english teacher . full - time , 25-30 teaching hours / week . 250 , 000yen / month . travel allowance of 200 , 000 yen . teach in the beautiful countryside with a beach nearby . teach esl to all ages but must like children . university degree required . sponsorship available . fully furnished apartment at 48 , 000yen / month . paid holidays . renewable contract . application deadline asap . position begins october 6 , 1997 . apply by mail , fax , or in person with cv / resume , contact masaharu gotoh or reymie ramirez . gotoh school of english and math . aioi-3 , hamada - shi , shimane - ken 697 . 0855-23 - 0944 ( 22-2114 ) . fax 0855-22 - 2117 .
  """",0
  1697,""""Subject: job posting : korean lexicographer ( microsoft )
   
   computational linguist for korean the nlp group in microsoft research is looking for a computational lexicographer for korean . the position will be located on the microsoft central campus in redmond , washington , usa . this is a great opportunity to work with a dedicated group of researchers who are creating a system for unrestricted text understanding and generation . responsibilities : the lexicographer 's primary responsibilities include developing and maintaining the morphological rules and data for the language , in accordance with the overall system architecture used by the microsoft research nlp group . qualifications : the lexicographer 's qualifications should include experience in linguistic research and online dictionary development , programming experience , keen interest in lexical issues , and an advanced degree in linguistics or a closely related discipline . native proficiency in korean is assumed . a practical orientation is highly desirable . significant programming experience or experience extracting lexical information from online dictionaries or corpora would be a plus . about the microsoft nlp research group : we are in the process of designing and building a system to analyze unrestricted natural language , taking input text , and moving from lexical / morphological analysis through syntax , semantics , and eventually pragmatics and discourse . a generation component is also planned . the programming system and underlying principles that are used for english have been found to be applicable to other languages . we are empirically oriented , and are happy to use good linguistic ideas wherever they can be found . a reasonable first-version summary of our techniques and some of our experience can be found in the book """""""" natural language processing : the plnlp approach , """""""" kluwer academic publishers , boston , 1993 . for more information about the nlp group , connect to our home page on the world wide web . http : / / www . research . microsoft . com / research / nlp contact : please send resumes , cover letters , and any additional materials to : steven clyne human resources microsoft corporation one microsoft way redmond , wa 98052 usa email : stevecl @ microsoft . com
  """",0
  1698,""""Subject: re : 8 . 137 , disc : low vowels in pie
   
   linguist @ linguistlist . org wrote : > subject : 8 . 137 , disc : low vowels in pie > editor for this issue : susan robinson < sue @ linguistlist . org > > > = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = directory = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = > > 1 ) > date : mon , 27 jan 1997 20 : 33 : 15 + 0000 > from : """""""" miguel carrasquer vidal """""""" < mcv @ pi . net > > subject : re : 8 . 113 , sum : low vowels in pie > > if we further merge * e and * o into a pre - ablaut * * a , pre - pie still > emerges with a three vowel system ( * * a , * * i , * * u ) . there is no reason > to deny * i and * u vowelhood before the emergence of ablaut ( if there > is after ablaut ) . in conclusion : ( pre - ) pie never had a single vowel > """""""" phoneme """""""" . not only is it typologically implausible , it does not > follow from the reconstruction . i am truly surprised that the question of the original vowel quality of ie < i > and < u > can arise again and again . there is not a single good argument for not regarding ie < i > and < u > as reductions from < y > and < w > : 1 ) if < i > were an ie vowel , why is it that an ie dictionary like pokorny has an i - section with two entries ( both of which have slavic cognates in jv - ) but 35 entries under y - ? 2 ) if < u > were an ie vowel , why is it that an ie dictionary like pokorny has an u - section with eight entries ( most of which have slavic or italic cognates in vv - ) but 141 entries under w - ? 3 ) compare this to 146 beginning with a - ( he ) and 95 under e - ( he ) and 43 und o - ( he ) . 4 ) if ie < i > or < u > were original , when initial , we would have to reconstruct hi / u , the same """""""" laryngeal """""""" that , with < e > , yields ie e - , i . e . one which does not change the quality of the vowel . it is not reasonable to hi and hu the source of these ten entries ( combined ) and attribute the some vowelhood to i / u that e has ( 95 entries ) . 5 ) the 189 entries beginning with a - and o - cannot arise from * hi or * hu ( at least no one has seriously suggested this to my knowledge ) , therefore must arise from a different combinations of he under different circumstances . this gives us 284 entries for ( h ) e as against 10 entries ( combined ( h ) i - and ( h ) u - ) , a very strange distribution of vowels . 6 ) i will not bother to cite aa cognates for ie words with cvi ( c ) or cvu ( c ) because many list readers do not accept the nostratic parentage of ie and aa but for those who can entertain such a heresy , we find that ie cvi and cvu correspond to aa cvy / $ [ ain ] and cvw . 7 ) typology has been severely abused in this question . whatever old indian may have been , as we find it , it has one vowel , < a > , and every other """""""" vowel """""""" is simply derived from a + h / y / w . why ie could not have been such a language , in which the h / w / y had not yet been resolved into other vowel qualities ( a : / e : / o : / i / u , etc . ) simply escapes me . pat ryan patrick c . ryan < proto-language @ worldnet . att . net > ( 501 ) 227-9947 ; fax / data ( 501 ) 312-9947 9115 w . 34th st . * little rock , ar 72204-4441 * usa webpage : < a href = """""""" http : / / www . geocities . com / athens / forum / 2803 """""""" > < / a > * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ' veit ek , at ek hekk , vindga meidhi , naetr allar niu , geiri undadhr . . . a theim meidhi er mangi veit hvers hann af rotum renn . ' * ( havamal 138 ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  1699,""""Subject: summary : double - dutch and youthese / pig latin
   
   my original query was posted on jul 12 1997 in linguist ( re : 8 . 1048 ) and asked for data on : ( a ) secret signalization codes among children approaching ( but still not having fully reached ) the age of adolescence , particularly so-called """""""" double - dutch """""""" ( a more or less invariant standard syllable is inserted into every word to render it unrecognizable ) in various languages of the world ; ( b ) exclusivist , but not particularly secretive youth-specific slang , so-called """""""" youthese """""""" , among teenagers ( adolescents ) , functioning as peer , in-group , or clique trademark . i have received a great deal of very useful information . i have not attempted making a summary earlier , because new responses kept coming in ( i suppose , i chose an inopportune time to send in my query , when most people are on vacation / holidays ) . having now also recieved the material one respondent said she would send me after returning from a journey , i can now proceed with the summary : the responses also included new leads to further search , and the following is a total summary . i first of all want to thank all the responders and contributors for their bery helpful and informative messages : jannis k . androutsopoulos < androuts @ novell1 . gs . uni-heidelberg . de > jack aubert < jaubert @ cpcug . org > rick mc callister < rmccalli @ muw . edu > bill fisher < william . fisher @ nist . gov > tim jake gluckman < tjgluckman @ aol . com > jack hall < jhall @ uh . edu > marion kee < marion _ kee @ cs . cmu . edu > nobuko koyama - murakami < koyamamu @ hawaii . edu > nathan sanders < sanders @ ling . ucsc . edu > nik taylor < jnataylor @ pcola . gulf . net > markell r west < markell @ afterlife . ncsc . mil > mark a . wilson < maw @ annap . infi . net > sorry if i missed somebody ( 1 ) first , the direct respondents to my original query : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - rick mc callister : called my attention to the fact , the pig latin was the term more commonly used for what i called """""""" double dutch """""""" , and also gave me the url of his www spanish pig latin page : http : / / www . muw . edu / ~ rmccalli / spigpayatinlay . html the www page is very informative . it also suggested a new venue of search , which proved quite fruitful , i . e . i started to search the internet for mentionings of """""""" pig latin """""""" , see ( 2 ) below . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bill fisher : one good example of this , which you may already be aware of , is """""""" boontling """""""" , a jargon that was developed in the 19th century in marin county , california . i ' ve got a pretty decent book on it , """""""" boontling , an american lingo """""""" , by charles c . adams , u . of texas press , austin , 1971 , isbn 0-292 - 70082 - 2 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tim gluckman : when i was at school in the ' 60s - in stockport , england - i recall that oneschoolgirl clique in my year spoke one of these insider languages . one day i asked one - they were all in my schoolyear - of the more ansprechbar of these recently pubertied schulmaedchen what they were saying . as far as i can recall it , her explanation was that their geheimsprache included a variable substitution of t / d - perhaps other consonants too - before the end of the word . it certainly had the affect of of rendering their conversations incomprehensible . this is the only time i ever came across it ; c . 1964 / 5 . they spoke it for 6 months as far as i can recall . whether it went on beyond that i do n't know ; these girls were in the middle of three streams at the grammar school 15 kilometres south of manchester where i went to at that time . and on a question of mine indicated , they were at an age where they were actively dating with boys . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - marion kee : there was a discussion on linguist ( i think sometime in 1995 ) about pig latin and related topics ; i think there were examples cited from a number of different languages . the discussion might have included a list of references . to find it in the linguist archive , try searching on """""""" pig latin """""""" and / or """""""" egg latin """""""" ( in egg latin , every syllable gets the syllable """""""" egg """""""" added prior to its vowel ; e . g . , """""""" eggegg leggateggin """""""" - - """""""" egg latin """""""" . english only , as far as i know , and my ex-husband learned it when he was 10 or 11 , in athens , ohio , usa . ) this suggestion too opened a fruitful venue for further search , see ( 3 ) below . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nik taylor : my cousins , my brother , and i had a code called flip-top . you started out by flipping around pairs of letters , double letters being counted as one , and adding - ot to consonants and nothing to vowels , doubles being indicated by """""""" squared """""""" , so """""""" hello """""""" - """""""" e hot o lot-squared """""""" . she and her friend had invented it as """""""" tot """""""" ( i think that was its name ) , and it was just adding - ot to consonants and the """""""" squared """""""" part , so """""""" hello """""""" - """""""" hote lot-squared o """""""" , i added the flipping part . ( 2 ) rick mc callister 's www page suggested a search for other such pages , but i only found one , that of nathan sanders : http : / / ling . ucsc . edu / ~ sanders / research . html which also was very informative on language games , referred to as _ ludlings _ , but i wrote the owner and got further information : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nathan sanders : a good place to start would be the work of bruce bagemihl , who has done a lot of work in the area of ludlings / language-games . here are two references on ludlings . the first has a large list of examples , while the second has more explanation of the ludling phenomenon itself : bagemihl , bruce . 1989 . ` ` the crossing constraint and backwards languages . ' ' _ natural language and linguistic theory _ . vol . 7 . pp . 481-549 . bagemihl , bruce . 1996 . ` ` language games and related areas . ' ' in john a . goldsmith ed . _ the handbook of phonological theory _ . cambridge : blackwell publishers . pp . 697-712 . = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d ( 3 ) marion kee 's suggestion to search the linguist archive led me to two unsummarized queries , so i mailed the querists : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - jannis androutsopoulos : snailed-mailed me copious material on a colloquiium she organized in heidelberg , dedicated to questions of youth slang : international colloquium """""""" linguistic and sociolinguistic aspects of youth - specific language """""""" , heidelberg , june 5 - 7 , 1997 , hosted by the graduiertenkolleg """""""" dynamics of non - standard varieties """""""" , univ . of heidelberg & univ . of mannheim . it is obviously impossible to summarize the great amount of data in the space available here , so i ' ll just say that it covers various aspects of youth slang in germany ( also ex - gdr specific ) , italy , france , switzerland ( also at turn of 19th to 20th century ) , swedish . some of the papers touch = ed upon influence of rap / hip - hop etc . on youth slang . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - markell west : responded first of all by posting a summary of responses to his query , which in itself was very informative ( re : 8 . 1079 ) . apart from that it contained a list of respondents : * * * * * ( 4 ) i mailed the respondents directly , and this brought me further helpful responses : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - jack aubert : the french """""""" verlan """""""" reverses the order of syllables . """""""" e l ' envers """""""" means """""""" backwards """""""" and if you pronounce l ' envers with its syllables reversed you get """""""" verlan . """""""" this is definitely an example of what you described as type b - - adolescent exclusivist . i have heard it said that verlan originally was used by thieves and pickpockets , but suspect this is just a made-up explanation with no particular basis in fact . but whatever its origins , it is now used by adolescents as an exclusivist slang . i do n't think any body actually uses verlan for full sentences or extended conversations . it mostly forms the basis for individual slang words that go into normal sentances . you could refer to your zon-mai ( maison ) or zon-blou ( blou son ) . there was a movie a few years ago called """""""" les ripoux """""""" which is verlan for """""""" les pourris """""""" which in context referred to corrupt cops . i think the term for french - born arabs , """""""" beurs """""""" was formed using some version of verlan which is not always regular . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - jack hall : in my response to the query about pig latin , i mentioned what i called the """""""" op """""""" language , which i read about in a book or magazine when i was about 10-12 years old ( mid 1950 's ) . as i recall , the simple rule was : put """""""" op """""""" ( phonetically [ a : p ] after every consonant in a word except the last ( final ) consonant . i am not certain what the rule was about consonant clusters . thus """""""" dog """""""" would be """""""" dopog """""""" . i remember specifically that the word """""""" umbrella """""""" was given as : """""""" umopbopropellopa """""""" , indicating that """""""" op """""""" is to be placed after all three consonants at the beginning ( umbr - - ) , but only one after the double """""""" l """""""" . i have never met anybody who has heard of this language , or knew how to use it , and , since i learned about it from a book , rather than from other people ( children ) , i cannot say anything about the sociolinguistics of it . for me it is an idiolect ( ! ! ) we ' re talking at least 40 years here , but the strange thing is , i can actually visualize the item that i read , and the page on which it was printed , although i certainly do n't know the title of the book . i am sure that it was written for people my ( our ) age at the time , not for adults . i remember that , even while i was reading it , and although i was only about 10 years old , i was aware that the description of the """""""" language """""""" was not sufficiently detailed in treatment of matters such as consonant clusters or sequences . i ' m pretty sure that """""""" st """""""" would be treated as a cluster , with one """""""" op """""""" inserted after it , not an """""""" op """""""" after the """""""" s """""""" and another """""""" op """""""" inserted after the """""""" t """""""" . thus """""""" stay """""""" would be """""""" stopay """""""" , not """""""" soptopay """""""" , but i remember that at the time i was aware that i was not sure how such a word would be treated . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nobuko koyama - murakami : japanese ba-bi - bu-be - bo language ( or lingo ) was used by teenagers . ba - bi-bu - be-bo language was specifically used when they . . . . . . . were teasing or joking with others , wishing to make their conversation sound so secretive , and purposely annoying others . manipulating this language so skillfully was a key to the membership of this group . if you mimicked this language poorly , you would be automatically excluded from the group . one more thing : there were some variants in use of this language . differences seemed to be strongly related with types of dialects ( of japanese ) they spoke . in the northern part of the mainland japan , ba-bi - bu-be - bo was inserted accordingly based on phonetics . in the tokyo metropolitan areas , ba-bi - bu-be - bo was inserted between orthographic letters ( at least such was a tendency that i had found ) . e . g . , """""""" icecream """""""" ( written as a-i - su-ku - ri - : - mu ) nb """""""" : """""""" represents lengthening mark in japanese orthography here . 1 ) a-ba - i-bi - su-bu - ku-bu - ri-bi - i-bi - mu-bu ( tokyo ) 2 ) a-ba - i-bi - su-bu - ku-bu - ri-bi - i-mu - bu as far as i know , the age group that i mentioned ( those were teenagers in 80 's ) were in the rage of 15-18 ( which means that they were in high school at that time period : nb in japan , unlike u . s . , high school is legally and clearly a separate institute ) . we all encountered and experienced this ba-bi - bu-be - bo language when we were high school students . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - mark wilson : it 's been several years since i observed the phenomenon i told markel about ( the german insertion of """""""" lav """""""" after vowels ) . german : """""""" lav """""""" inserted after vowels . """""""" ilavich wohlavonelave ilavin balavad holavombulavurg """""""" for """""""" ich wohne in bad homburg """""""" to be more precise , the insertion was """""""" lavv """""""" , where v stands for the vowel immediately preceding the ( inserted ) """""""" l """""""" . = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3d = 3 some tentative conclusions : ( a ) both phenomena , pig latin - type phonologically manipulated secret language , and youth slang , are apparently neither an anglosaxon , nor a european particularity . ( b ) predeliction to pig latin - type language game covers a much wider age bracket than i had initially suspected , beginning at around 10 years , and overlapping with youth slang , in which pig latin - type expressions may be taken up as slang - specific words . thanks again to everybody who contributed . perhaps i should apologize that this summary got so long , but to be honest , of course , i am very happy to have gotten so much to summarize , and thought it would be selfish not to share it with fellow linguist - listers and future searchers of the linguist archives . for this same reason , here are my own experiences with pig latin : at age 12-13 years , in indonesian junior middle school ( smp ) in bogor , west java , i encountered ( took part ) in the following form of pig latin : sentences were constructed to preferentially consist of bisyllabic words ( most basic words in indonesian are bisyllabic ) , and when the first syllable ended in a consonant , the entire second syllable was replaced by _ se _ ( _ e _ as in english """""""" were """""""" ) , otherwise the initial consonant of the second syllable was retained and only the rest replaced : _ saya cinta sama kamu _ """""""" i love you """""""" ( _ c _ as engl . _ ch _ ) became : _ sayse cinse samse kamse _ from other people i know that similar indonesian pig latins had existed in other parts of indonesia , particularly in central and east java . most of the ones i heard of had the _ se _ insertion , but the rules were not always exactly like in bogor in my childhood . it was only used occasionally , particularly to tease those who were not """""""" in """""""" to the secret . it was a passing fad which lasted not even as long as one school year . finally , i understand that some time around 10 years ago , in israelian pop-music there had been a hit , which also became popular outside israel , particularly in west europe . the title seems to have meant """""""" i love you """""""" in pig latin - style manipulated hebrew . can anyone tell me anything of that song , but particularly of the hebrew pig latin ? does anyone know anything about pig latin e . g . in chinese , hindi , tamil , arabic , turkish , or suaheli ? does youth slang exist in amerindian languages , in australian aborigine , or other languages of pre-industrial communities ? best regards to all , waruno - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - waruno mahdi tel : + 49 30 8413-5301 faradayweg 4 - 6 fax : + 49 30 8413-3155 14195 berlin email : mahdi @ fhi-berlin . mpg . de germany www : http : / / w3 . rz-berlin . mpg . de / ~ wm / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  1700,""""Subject: new books : syntax
   
   new from holland academic graphics : object positions in benue-kwa : papers from a workshop at leiden university edited by rose-marie dechaine & victor manfredi pb . xii + 253 pp . isbn 90-5569 - 031 - 7 [ hil publications , 4 . ] publication date : august 1997 all papers were presented at the niger - congo syntax & semantics workshop , no . 7 ( june 1994 ) pdf sample article available on the web or on request price nlg 40 ( approx . $ 20 ) excl . p&p information : < mail @ hag . nl > or < http : / / www . hag . nl > abstract : ever since greenberg 's 1963 classification of niger - congo - - the largest of africa 's four language families - - the relationship between the kwa and benue - congo branches has remained puzzling to historical linguists . by contrast , the past decade has seen emerging consensus on several aspects = of the grammatical typology of the benue - kwa area , which includes the major west african languages = c0k = e1n , = c8w = e8 , yor = f9b = e1 , = c8do and = cc = gbo , as well as the whole bantu group of central , eastern and southern africa . the twelve papers explore the unity and diversity of benue - kwa by investigating issues in the syntax of objects : verb serialization , verb extensions , light verbs , object agreement , object shift and double object = s . half of the contributors speak the languages they study ; most work in the principles-and - parameters tradition of generative grammar , including very recent perspectives of minimalism and antisymmetry . all the papers sugges = t innovations in these theories to accommodate african data , much of which appears here for the first time . holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands phone : + 31 70 448 0203 fax : + 31 70 448 0177 http : / / www . hag . nl
  """",0
  1701,""""Subject: asian - language translators / editors needed
   
   arial translations , one of the country 's best-recognized asian - language translation firms for high-tech , has immediate openings for translators , editors and proofreaders proficient in japanese , chinese ( both simplified and traditional ) and korean . both on-site ( full time ) and off-site ( contractor ) opportunities are available . arial translations is located in portland , oregon and handled work for clients such as intel , hp and adobe . please e-mail your text resume to mike @ arialtranslations . com . for more information , visit http : / / www . arialtranslations . com thank you , - mike adams 503-646 - 4515 x 26
  """",0
  1702,""""Subject: baltics 1998
   
   baltics 1998 - - - first announcement intensive language courses of latvian , lithuanian , and estonian as in the last 9 years , intensive courses of the latvian , lithuanian , and estonian languages are held in bonn / germany in 1998 . these courses , part-funded by muenster university , the federal state north - rhine - westphalia , and the robert - bosch - foundation , are designed for beginners and comprise four phases . phase 1 . participants stay in haus annaberg , a turn-of - the-century manor house overlooking bonn , between february 22 and april 2 , 1998 . classes are taugt five hours per day , five days a week . emphasis is placed on grammatical and lexical issues as well as on the development of reading , writing , and speaking skills . lectures on geographical , sociological , and political issues will be held on one weekend . phase 2 . during the university summer term , participants are expected to continue their studies in their own time , using course books and additional materials . assignments are sent out at regular intervals by the teachers . phase 3 . students stay in latvia , lithuania , or estonia for four weeks in september , 1998 . here , they study at the universities of riga , vilnius , and tartu , respectively , four hours per day , five days a week . emphasis here is on conversation skills . classes are complemented with lectures and excursions . students live with guest families throughout their stay . phase 4 . this is the final examination , again in haus annaberg , bonn . it takes place directly after the study period in the baltics . after successfully passing the exam , participants receive a certificate . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - participation is open to all students enrolled in a german university or technical college . tuition fees : dm 1 , 350 . this includes ten weeks intensive course , full board , all travel costs from bonn to the baltic states and back , examinations , and teaching materials . registration deadline : 30 / 11 / 1997 . for further information please contact : dr . magdalene huelmann institut fuer interdisziplinaere baltische studien bispinghof 3a 48143 muenster germany phone + 49 - 251 - 83 2 44 99 fax + 49 - 251 - 83 2 44 56 email tenhagw @ uni-muenster . de ( wolfgang tenhagen ) www http : / / www . uni-muenster . de / slavbaltseminar /
  """",0
  1703,""""Subject: conference announcement
   
   conference announcement the xxxist annual meeting of the societas linguistica europaea ( sle ) will take place on 26-30 august 1998 at the university of st andrews , scotland . a first circular will be sent to sle members in november 1997 . anyone requiring further details now please contact dr christopher beedham , department of german , school of modern languages , the university , buchanan building , st andrews , fife ky16 9ph , scotland / uk , e-mail : cb1 @ st-andrews . ac . uk . to join the sle please contact prof . dieter kastovsky , universite4t wien , institut ffcr anglistik und amerikanistik , universite4tsstr . 7 , a-1010 wien , austria , e-mail : dieter . kastovsky @ univie . ac . at .
  """",0
  1704,""""Subject: call : generative linguistics
   
   the first announcement on - line conference """""""" the 40 - th anniversary of generativism """""""" 1-12 . 12 . 1997 since chomsky 's """""""" syntactic structures """""""" , published in 1957 , the generative view in linguistics has become widely popular . thus , this year is the 40 - th anniversary of the publication . in past forty years the generative linguistics has passed several stages of development and currently it can be considered a broad and dynamically growing theory , having multiply links both within the linguistics and with other sciences . we see the goal of the conference as helding an overall discussion on generative linguistics . the work of the conference should be organized in 4 sections : section 1 . history & methodology . section 2 . current investigations in generative linguistics in all of it 's variants ( gb - theory , minimalistic program , etc . ) . section 3 . development perspectives , unsolved problems . section 4 . interconnections with other sciences : biolinguistics , psyholinguistics , neurolinguistics , cognitive , computational , mathematical linguistics . the conference organized by the electronic journal """""""" web journal of formal , computational & cognitive linguistics """""""" ( http : / / www . ksu . ru / kazan / science / fccl / index . html ) . program committee chair is noam chomsky . all the materials will be put on the web site of the journal . after the conference the materials of the conference are to be published in the journal , on cd and printed as a book . submission & review procedures : paper selection and review procedures will be similar to those of a regular conference . all text must be in ascii . length of the paper is not limited . papers must be send to < generate . list @ ksu . ru > . the first 4 lines of the message should consist of your name your email address the title of the paper number of your section our time-frame is : deadline for papers : october 20 , 1997 final program announced : november 20 , 1997 participation in the on-line conference will be carried out on the list generate . list that has been created for that purpose . to subscribe to this list , send the following message to < generate . list @ ksu . ru > : subscribe generate . list yourfirstname yourlastname for example : subscribe generate . list bill johnson once you have received confirmation of your subscription , you may send messages to < generate . list @ ksu . ru > , and you will automatically receive all new messages sent to the list . a record of all received message will be maintained on a specific web page at the conference site . participants may send their comments and questions by means of the generate . list . everyone subscribed to the list will receive these messages . if you wish to leave the list , send the following message to < generate . list @ ksu . ru > : unsubscribe generate . list firstname lastname at the end of the conference participants will be automatically removed from the generate . list . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - valery solovyev editor """""""" web journal of formal , computational & cognitive linguistics """""""" kazan state university , dep . computer science , kazan , 420008 , russia e - mail : solovyev @ open . ksu . ras . ru - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  1705,""""Subject: software developer for nlp project ( microsoft )
   
   software developer for nlp project the nlp group in microsoft research is looking for a software developer . the position will be located on the microsoft central campus in redmond , washington , usa . this is a great opportunity to work with a dedicated group of researchers who are creating a system for unrestricted text understanding and generation . responsibilities : the nlp group has created an underlying architecture and tools based on our english system . we now have linguists working to extend the system to european and far east languages , and this requires significant changes to the underlying code base , and ( equally important ) to the tools that the linguists use . the developer 's primary responsibility will be to provide whatever changes or tools the linguists need in order to proceed with linguistic development . this includes ( but is not restricted to ) modifying the tools for creating grammar and morphology systems to handle aspects of non - english languages as they come up , enhancing the tools for lexicographic work across seven languages , and doing data and dictionary conversions . qualifications : the developer 's qualifications should include professional c + + programming experience and a strong background in nlp . experience with non - english languages , unicode issues , and microsoft tools are desirable . about the microsoft nlp research group : we are in the process of designing and building a system to analyze unrestricted natural language , taking input text , and moving from lexical / morphological analysis through syntax , semantics , and eventually pragmatics and discourse . a generation component is also planned . the programming system and underlying principles that are used for english have been found to be applicable to other languages . we are empirically oriented , and are happy to use good linguistic ideas wherever they can be found . a reasonable first-version summary of our techniques and some of our experience can be found in the book """""""" natural language processing : the plnlp approach , """""""" kluwer academic publishers , boston , 1993 . for more information about the nlp group , connect to our home page on the world wide web . http : / / www . research . microsoft . com / research / nlp contact : please send resumes , cover letters , and any additional materials to : steven clyne human resources microsoft corporation one microsoft way redmond , wa 98052 usa email : stevecl @ microsoft . com
  """",0
  1706,""""Subject: re : 8 . 1205 , disc : british < a >
   
   peter tan wrote : it seems to me that the evidence for ' aggressive ' nativisation / anglicisation in southern british english as opposed to american english is not clear . in my last lengthy message i did not react to this issue . my reaction is that i agree with peter . i do n't know if some of the unclarity has to do with different historical periods which differentiate british and american english , or different cultural domains , e . g . , music ( e . g . , italian terms like stacatto and the others i mentioned in the last message ) vs . foods ( e . g . , pasta - - and more recently a bunch of mexican foods , e . g . , taco , tamale , etc etc ) - - or both etc etc . however , reversals of the ' agressive ' southern brit expectation include some of the commonest and widely known foods , such as """""""" tomato """""""" and """""""" banana """""""" where undoubtedly the southern brit """""""" back a """""""" pronunciation is closer to the source than the american pronunciation ( lengthened and raised """""""" tomato """""""" as in """""""" day """""""" and """""""" mate """""""" ) and """""""" banana """""""" rhyming in american english with """""""" anna """""""" which has """""""" front a """""""" , not """""""" back a """""""" as in the """""""" continental """""""" european pronunciation of the same name . """""""" tomato """""""" , of course , is perhaps the earliest """""""" mexican """""""" food to become a widespread word in english . as for jim fiedelholz 's observation on brit """""""" nicaragyua """""""" , also striking is brit ( and canadian ) """""""" bilingyual """""""" . at least """""""" bilingyual """""""" could be considered conservative if it is modelled on the french pronunciation with a front labio-velar """""""" w """""""" , as in """""""" figyure """""""" ( for those of you who do n't pronounce it as """""""" figger """""""" ) . - - benji
  """",0
  1707,""""Subject: re : 8 . 1208 , sum : double - dutch and youthese / pig latin
   
   on thu , 21 aug 1997 , the linguist list < linguist @ linguistlist . org > wrote : > from : waruno mahdi < mahdi @ fhi-berlin . mpg . de > > subject : summary : double - dutch and youthese / pig latin > jack hall : > > in my response to the query about pig latin , i mentioned what i called > the """""""" op """""""" language , which i read about in a book or magazine when i was > about 10-12 years old ( mid 1950 's ) . as i recall , the simple rule was : > put """""""" op """""""" ( phonetically [ a : p ] after every consonant in a word except > the last ( final ) consonant . i am not certain what the rule was about > consonant clusters . thus """""""" dog """""""" would be """""""" dopog """""""" . i remember > specifically that the word """""""" umbrella """""""" was given as : > """""""" umopbopropellopa """""""" , indicating that """""""" op """""""" is to be placed after all > three consonants at the beginning ( umbr - - ) , but only one after the > double """""""" l """""""" . i have never met anybody who has heard of this language , > or knew how to use it , and , since i learned about it from a book , > rather than from other people ( children ) , i cannot say anything about > the sociolinguistics of it . for me it is an idiolect ( ! ! ) i ' ve heard of it . when i was about 10 ( 1973-74 ) some friends and i played around with a language we called """""""" oppish """""""" . we did it a little differently from what you described above . """""""" op """""""" was inserted after each consonant , even the last one , based on how the word was spelled , so that """""""" ship """""""" would be """""""" sophopipop """""""" , and """""""" umbrella """""""" would be """""""" umopbopropeloplopa . """""""" > > some tentative conclusions : > > ( a ) both phenomena , pig latin - type phonologically manipulated secret > language , and youth slang , are apparently neither an anglosaxon , > nor a european particularity . > > ( b ) predeliction to pig latin - type language game covers a much wider > age bracket than i had initially suspected , beginning at around 10 > years , and overlapping with youth slang , in which pig latin - type > expressions may be taken up as slang - specific words . i think i was familiar with pig latin as young as 5 or 6 ( of course , i had older brothers , so that helped ) , and i remember using it with friends in about the second or third grade ( 7 to 9 years old ) . pig latin is also used occasionally by adults , often to keep their very young children from understanding what they are talking about ( similar to spelling words out ) . i also remember that fred flintstone ( from the tv cartoon series """""""" the flintstones """""""" sometimes muttered , """""""" ix - nay , barney , ix-nay , """""""" when he thought that barney rubble was saying too much . that 's pig latin for """""""" nix , barney , nix , """""""" where """""""" nix """""""" ( meaning """""""" nothing """""""" ) is slang for """""""" shut up before you get us in trouble , """""""" or """""""" put a sock in it . """""""" my parents also had a spike jones christmas record album that included """""""" jingle bells """""""" sung partly in pig latin by some children : """""""" ingle - jay ells-bay , ingle-jay ells-bay , ingle-jay all the ay-way . . . """""""" kevin caldwell
  """",0
  1708,""""Subject: sum master 's dissertation
   
   dear netters , about a week ago i asked for help in locating peter master 's dissertation : """""""" a cross-linguistic interlanguage analysis of the acquisition of the english article system """""""" , ( 1987 ) . i got immediate response and i 'd like to thank you all . i ' m now trying interlibrary loan ( or possibly getting it through umi ) . above is the correct , full title of the works . again , thanks to : jeff macswan jack hall richard epstein scott delancey marjorie parker bob williams lyn repath - martos catherine ball bruce spencer robert freel best regards , pia kohlmyr mrs pia kohlmyr ( phd student ) phone : int + 46 ( 0 ) 31 773 17 67 gothenburg university e - mail : pia . kohlmyr @ eng . gu . se department of english fax : int + 46 ( 0 ) 31 773 47 26 s-412 98 gothenburg sweden
  """",0
  1709,""""Subject: german in nova scotia
   
   several decades ago i collected some interesting songs and a neijohrspruch from lunenburg county , nova scotia . is anyone interested in them ? if so please get in touch with me : dwiles @ ccs . carleton . ca
  """",0
  1710,""""Subject: distance learning programs
   
   i am currently serving in the u . s . air force and would like to pursue a ma and or phd in linguistics . i was wondering if anybody on this list knows of any programs available for distance learning that can lead to either of the aforementioned degrees ? also , if it can be accomplished over the internet or some other medium ( video , etc . ) . thank you beforehand for any material or information you might be able to send to me ! thomas loyd
  """",0
  1711,""""Subject: resources on afrikaans
   
   a student of mine here in japan wishes to examine the evolution of afrikaans and its relationship to dutch / german / english . source material is scarce in local libraries , and i personally have not much knowledge of the language or literature on it . both diachronic and synchronic studies would be of interest - overview and broadly drawn material would be preferable to highly technical ( e . g . , syntactic ) analysis . thank you in advance to helpful linguists who can take the time to point us beyond """""""" the development of afrikaans """""""" and """""""" a grammar of afrikaans """""""" and work by botha to further material . reply privately to guy modica < gmodica @ fh . seikei . ac . jp > .
  """",0
  1712,""""Subject: apocryphal american structuralist assertions
   
   there are two common , apocryphal assertions identified with american structuralist linguistics , and i am wondering if either of these assertions was actually made by an american structuralist . they are : 1 . language structures vary in infinitely many ways . this statement has been associated with boas , but it 's not in the hail intro . this statement has also been associated with martin joos , who supposedly said something along those lines attributing this view to boas ( but not necessarily endorsing it himself ) . 2 . the distributional method , applied rigorously , would yield a distinct syntactic category for every word in a language . it is possible that z s harris made such an assertion , though i have n't seen mention of it in the secondary literature . i am particularly interested in some form of these assertions made by structuralists who believed it themselves ; but if such do not exist , i am interested in attribution of these two beliefs to structuralists by others . thanks , bill croft
  """",0
  1713,""""Subject: computational phonology
   
   the acl special interest group in computational phonology announces its new home page at : http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / sigphon access this page to : - * learn about computational phonology ; * view the online bibliography ; * obtain research papers ; * find out who 's who in computational phonology ; and * become a member of the special interest group . the information will be of particular interest if you are : * a phonologist , phonetician , psycholinguist , dialectologist , . . . and are wondering what computation has to offer ; * a computational linguist or speech technologist curious about the linguistic domain of phonology .
  """",0
  1714,""""Subject: re : 8 . 1221 , re : double - dutch and youthese / pig latin
   
   dear all , thanks , first of all , to kevin caldwell < kdcaldw @ interserv . com > for his interesting and informative input . since posting the summary on the list ( re : 8 . 1208 ) i have been receiving an even greater stream of responses than after my original query , including several about opish / optalk . so , it looks like i ' ll have to post a second summary when the stream relaxes . therefor , it would perhaps be easier on the list moderating editors , if you send any further reponses ( which i greatly look forward to , because they are very helpful for me ) directly to me . i ' ll be sure to include them in the second summary . thanks for the apparently quite wide interest in the subject . best regards , waruno - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - waruno mahdi tel : + 49 30 8413-5301 faradayweg 4 - 6 fax : + 49 30 8413-3155 14195 berlin email : mahdi @ fhi-berlin . mpg . de germany www : http : / / w3 . rz-berlin . mpg . de / ~ wm / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  1715,""""Subject: call for papers : post - communist language change
   
   call for papers the russian language and area studies program at texas tech university announces a conference on """""""" society , language , and culture in post - communist russia , the other former republics of the soviet union , and eastern europe . """""""" the demise of communism in the soviet union and eastern europe has ushered in a mass of changes in nearly every aspect of the lives of the people in these nations . there have been changes not only in the political system , but also in the way the people of these nations lead their everyday lives and perceive their place in the world . the fall of communism has altered the way the people in former communist countries work , shop , rest , travel , etc . these changes in day-to - day life combined with the removal of state control over literature and the press have affected the way the people of these nations write and the way they read . profound differences in language , style , and content can be found in the works of leading literary figures and in the pages of any newspaper . similar changes have taken place in other spheres of art and life . how do the people of former communist countries deal with decades of a communist cultural legacy ? do they attempt to return to their pre-communist heritage , hoping to adapt these older cultural values to a modern world ? how do these nations deal with the deluge of social , material and cultural imports from their long-time capitalist foes ? how do they cope with the collision of traditional , communist and mass culture and to what degree are elements of each present in their culture today ? the conference will be held april 2 - 4 , 1998 at texas tech university . depending upon our resources we hope to downlink the conference to other sites around the nation . we also hope to publish a volume of selected papers from the conference . papers and panels from all disciplines and areas are welcome . the deadline for proposals is jan . 15 , 1998 . please address proposals on language to erin collopy , proposals on literature to anthony qualin , and proposals on society , politics , or culture to lewis tracy at : classical and modern languages and literatures texas tech university lubbock , texas 70409-2071 proposals will also be accepted by e-mail at : prof . collopy ( language ) : pveri @ ttacs . ttu . edu prof . qualin ( literature ) : pvton @ ttacs . ttu . edu prof . tracy ( society , politics , or culture ) : pvlew @ ttacs . ttu . edu erin collopy visiting assistant professor department of classical & modern languages & literature texas tech university lubbock , tx 79409 ( 806 ) 742-3286 pveri @ ttacs . ttu . edu
  """",0
  1716,""""Subject: internships in israel
   
   i have recently moved to israel and am studying at tel aviv university towards a ma in linguistics ( but my bachelors is not in linguistics ) . i am looking for information regarding possible ( paid ) internships with companies working on projects which include a linguistic aspect . if anyone knows of any internship possibilities , or even knows which companies in israel are working on linguistics oriented projects , i would apretiate any information you can give me . thanks in advance , leah klearman klrmn @ zoot . tau . ac . il
  """",0
  1717,""""Subject: q : incorporation in mandarin ?
   
   having recently arrived in taiwan to take up a teaching position and , as a result , started getting involved with mandarin chinese , i have very recently noticed that in this language , compound verbs can be ` interrupted ' , if i may so put it , by locative phrases . witness the following exs . : ba yizi banjin fantingli lai obj . marker chair move-come - in - dining room - come ` bring the chairs into the dining room ' ta paohui jya qule he run-return - home - go-asp . marker ` he has run back home ' ba zheiben shu nahui xuexiao qu obj . marker this-class . book carry-return - school - go ` take this book back to the school ' i ' m wondering ( in order not to reinvent the wheel ) if anybody has looked into the possibility of analyzing such constructions as examples of incorporation ? if not , can anybody offer me a good reason why not ? if there 's enough interest i ' ll post a summary . best , steven - steven schaufele , ph . d . asst . prof . of linguistics english department soochow university waishuanghsi campus taipei 11102 taiwan , roc ( 886 ) ( 02 ) 881-9471 ext . 6504 fax : ( 886 ) ( 02 ) 883-5158 fcosw5 @ mbm1 . scu . edu . tw
  """",0
  1718,""""Subject: subcategorization in tranformational grammar
   
   dear colleagues , i ' m wondering if someone could give me some pointers to the latest literature in transformational grammar ( gb , p&p , minimalism ) that deals with issues of subcategorization . in particular i would like to get a sense of the latest thinking , including ways in which minimalism departs from previous assumptions . among the questions that i would ideally like to see addressed are the following : - what kind of subcategorization relations have been assumed in the recent literature , and for what kinds of phenomena ? for instance , a transitive verb must somehow encode the requirement of taking a dp complement . but can a verb also take a pp complement according to the identity of that pp 's head ( as in _ rely _ + _ on _ ) ? - how are subcategorization relations constrained ? that is , what syntactic ( or semantic ) properties are thought to be accessible ( in the limit ) to the selecting head ? - if there are substantive formal constraints on subcategorization , where do they come from ? is there anything in the architecture of the theory from which such constraints would follow ? thanks very much , - - andreas kathol
  """",0
  1719,""""Subject: phonetics software
   
   i am interested in software containing phonetic symbols - - can anyone direct me ? thanks , karen robinson
  """",0
  1720,""""Subject: job : lexical semantics / lexicography ( german )
   
   the division of computational linguistics at the department of linguistics at the university of tuebingen ( head e . hinrichs ) is advertising a position for a ( near ) native speaker of german in the eurowordnet project funded by the european community . the details of the job advertisment are as follows : an der abteilung computerlinguistik des seminars fuer sprachwissenschaft der universitaet tuebingen ( leitung e . hinrichs ) ist im rahmen des europaeischen forschungsprojekts eurowordnet - ii zum themenbereich multilinguale lexikalische semantik die stelle eines / r ( computer - ) linguistin mit forschungsschwerpunkt lexikalische semantik und lexikographie ( bat iia ) insbesondere fuer ausbau und integration eines deutschen wordnet ( germanet ) in ein multilinguales lexikalisch-semantisches netz zu besetzen . die aufgabenstellung erfordert muttersprachliche kompetenz des deutschen . projektpartner sind xerox ( grenoble ) sowie die universit = e4ten amsterdam , avignon , brno , madrid , pisa , sheffield und tartu . die zum 1 . 11 . 1997 zu besetzende stelle steht - vorbehaltlich der endgueltigen bewilligung - bis zum 31 . 03 . 1999 zur verfuegung . bewerbungen mit lebenslauf , einer zusammenstellung der forschungserfahrungen und - interessen und referenzadressen werden per post oder email erbeten an : helmut feldweg seminar fuer sprachwissenschaft universitaet tuebingen wilhelmstr . 113 d-72074 tuebingen e-mail : feldweg @ sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de bis zum 30 . september 1997 eingehende berwerbungen werden vornehmlich beruecksichtigt .
  """",0
  1721,""""Subject: call for papers : panel on telephone calls
   
   panel : a panel is being organized for the 6th international pragmatics conference to be held on 19 - 24 july 1998 in reims , france . the panel is entitled """""""" telephone calls : unity and diversity of conversational structure across languages and cultures """""""" . aim : the aim of this panel is to bring together researchers working on telephone calls in different societies using conversational data from different languages to present their findings , to compare and contrast them with those of researchers working on other languages and in different cultures , and to discuss any similarities and differences . papers adopting a comparative perspective are especially welcome . anyone interested in offering a paper to this panel is invited to write to either of the organizers , to whom queries about further details of the conference can also be addressed . panel organizers : 1 . theodossia - soula pavlidou , department of linguistics , aristotle university of thessaloniki , greece . ( pavlidou @ lit . auth . gr ) 2 . k . k . luke , department of linguistics , university of hong kong , pokfulam , hong kong . ( kkluke @ hkusua . hku . hk )
  """",0
  1722,""""Subject: new books
   
   the modern language society of helsinki is pleased to announce the publication of vol . 52 in its series memoires de la societe neophilologique de helsinki : to explain the present , studies in the changing english language in honour of matti rissanen , edited by terttu nevalainen and leena kahlas - tarkka . helsinki : societe neophilologique . 1997 . ( 503 p . usd 50 . ) the volume contains 29 articles on english corpus linguistics and the historical study of the english language by internationally recognized contributors . it was presented to professor matti rissanen on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday in june 1997 . contributors : part i : from old to early modern english : norman f . blake , fran colman , antonette dipaolo healey , risto hiltunen , dieter kastovsky , matti kilpio , roger lass , anneli meurman - solin , bruce mitchell , saara nevanlinna , michiko ogura , kirsti peitsara , antoinette renouf , fred c . robinson , irma taavitsainen and paivi pahta part ii : from early modern english to the present day : john anderson , douglas biber and edward finegan , manfred gorlach , stig johansson , barbara kryk - kastovsky , merja kyto and suzanne romaine , geoffrey leech and jonathan culpeper , magnus ljung , helena raumolin - brunberg and arja nurmi , mats ryden , jan svartvik and alex chengyu fang , ingrid tieken - boon van ostade , gunnel tottie , susan wright . previous volumes in the series : vol . 45 ( 1987 , 591 p . usd 48 . 00 ) neophilologica fennica ( societe neophilologique 100 ans , neuphilologischer verein 100 jahre , modern language society 100 years ) , edenda curavit leena kahlas - tarkka . vol . 46 ( 1987 , 192 p . usd 29 . 00 ) leena kahlas - tarkka , the uses and shades of meaning of words for ' every ' and ' each ' in old english , with an addendum on early middle english developments . vol . 47 ( 1988 , 248 p . usd 36 . 00 ) irma taavitsainen , middle english lunaries : a study of the genre . vol . 48 ( 1988 , 104 p . usd 14 . 00 ) roberto e marjatta wis , angel ganivet in finlandia . studio biografico e testi ( con 32 tavole ) . vol . 49 ( 1989 , 285 p . usd 43 . 00 ) matti kilpio , passive constructions in old english translations from latin , with special reference to the oe bede and the pastoral care . vol . 50 ( 1991 , 308 p . usd 43 . 00 ) helena raumolin - brunberg , the noun phrase in early sixteenth - century english : a study based on sir thomas more 's writings . vol . 51 ( 1991 , 314 p . usd 43 . 00 ) terttu nevalainen , but , only , just : focusing adverbial change in modern english 1500-1900 . all volumes are available from : tiedekirja bookshop kirkkokatu 14 , fin-00170 helsinki , finland fax : + 358 - 9-635017 for further information , please contact < pekka . kuusisto @ helsinki . fi > or visit the homepage of the modern language society < http : / / www . helsinki . fi / jarj / ufy / > .
  """",0
  1723,""""Subject: international ta program manager , univ . connecticut
   
   the university of connecticut seeks a manager for the international teaching assistant program . the manager will develop and direct a language assessment program for international teaching assistants ; design and coordinate field - specific international teaching assistant training in consultation with departmental teaching assistant coordinators ; advise the university on policy issues ; and consult with faculty and administration regarding international teaching assistant concerns . the successful candidate should have a master 's degree in linguistics or tesol and experience teaching and administering a similar program . highly desirable are experience in applying linguistic and communication theories ; curriculum development ; speak , tse , and other oral english assessment tools ; and working with international students . excellent interpersonal communication skills are very important . this is a full-time , three-year appointment with possible extension . salary is negotiable based on qualifications and experience . applications should include a cover letter , curriculum vitae , and teaching evaluations . applicants should also arrange to have at least three letters of reference sent . address all correspondence to : diane lillo - martin , chair itap manager search committee university of connecticut linguistics department , u-145 storrs , ct 06269 ( search # 98a19 ) at the university of connecticut , our commitment to excellence is complemented by our commitment to building a culturally diverse staff . we actively encourage minorities , women , and people with disabilities to apply .
  """",0
  1724,""""Subject: new book : sociolinguistics
   
   new coursebook ofelia garcia and joshua a . fishman ( editors ) the multilingual apple languages in new york city 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xiv , 373 pages paperback dm 68 , - / us $ 29 . 95 isbn 3-11 - 015707 - 1 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this book will be of special interest to the general reader concerned with the issue of language in the united states , as well as the language specialist and socio-linguist . it has been written to inform those wishing to learn more about the role that languages other than english have had , and continue to have , in the life of one of the most important united states cities , new york . at the same time this volume makes an important contribution to the scholarly literature on urban multilingualism and the sociology of language . the book contains chapters on languages of ethnolinguistic groups who arrived early in new york and which have been somewhat silenced ( irish , german , yiddish ) , the languages of groups who made early contributions and continue to be heard in the city ( italian , greek , spanish , hebrew ) , and languages which are acquiring an important voice in the city today ( chinese , indian languages , english creoles , haitian creole ) . contents ofelia garcia and joshua a . fishman , foreword * i . introduction to the multilingual apple * ofelia garcia , new york 's multilingualism : world languages and their role in a u . s . city * ii . the language of early arrivals : still encountered * kenneth e . nilsen , irish in nineteenth century new york * john r . costello , german in new york * hannah kliger and rakhmiel peltz , yiddish in new york * iii . the languages with vitality in the past and the present * hermann w . haller , italian in new york * chrysie m . costantakos and john n . spiridakis , greek in new york * ana celia zentella , spanish in new york * alvin i . schiff , hebrew in new york * iv . the languages with the newest sounds and of newest faces * shiwen pan , chinese in new york * kamal k . sridhar , the languages of india in new york * carole m . berotte joseph , haitian creole in new york * lise winer and lona jack , english caribbean creole in new york * v . concluding observations to the multilingual apple * joshua a . fishman , do ethnics have culture ? and what 's so special about new york anyway ? * contributors * index examination copies for course adoption are available upon request . please contact the publisher . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de to order , please send fax or email to the above adress
  """",0
  1725,""""Subject: position in speech & hearing sciences
   
   position : professor ( full , associate , or assistant ) ph . d . program in speech and hearing sciences the graduate school and university center , located in midtown manhattan , is part of the city university of new york , the nation 's largest public urban university . over 4000 students are enrolled in 32 doctoral programs and 7 master 's programs . the ph . d . program in speech and hearing sciences , with approximately 75 students , is one of the most distinguished in the country . this position , beginning in september 1998 , is for a professor specializing in the neurophysiological aspects of language production and / or processing . the successful individual will be able to develop and sustain a research program , to teach , and to supervise dissertations in these areas . a history of external funding for research or the potential to obtain funding is desired . the candidate should have a strong background in linguistics or psycholinguistics and an interest in clinical populations . the individual must have a record of empirical and scholarly publications in one or more areas of the neurophysiology of language . qualifications : required : ph . d . or equivalent in the discipline from an accredited university , a substantial record of research and publications , excellence in teaching , and experience supervising doctoral students . review of applications will begin october 1 , 1997 . send a letter of application , curriculum vitae , sample publications , and three letters of reference to : professor richard g . schwartz ph . d . program in speech and hearing sciences cuny graduate school and university center 33 west 42 street new york , ny 10036 rschwart @ email . gc . cuny . edu the city university of new york is an eo / aa / ada / irca employer richard g . schwartz , ph . d . ph . d . program in speech and hearing sciences city university of new york graduate school and university center 33 west 42 street new york , ny 10036 usa rschwart @ email . gc . cuny . edu phone : ( 212 ) 642-2352 fax : ( 212 ) 642-2379
  """",0
  1726,""""Subject: new books : historical linguistics
   
   new titles from john benjamins publishing historical linguistics : historical linguistics 1993 . selected papers from the 11th international conference on historical linguistics , los angeles , 16-20 august 1993 . henning andersen ( ed . ) 1995 x , 460 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 124 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 578 8 price : us $ 110 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3627 5 price : hfl . 190 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this volume contains a selection of papers from the 11th international conference on historical linguistics ; among them are a few presented at the workshop on typology and parameters organized during the conference . the 34 papers discuss a variety of topics , reflecting the latest developments in research in historical linguistics and covering a wide range of languages . contributions by : andrew allen ; gregory s . anderson ; julie auger ; laurel brinton & dieter stein ; v = edt bubenik ; kate burridge ; concepci = f3n company ; c . jac conradie ; thomas d . cravens & luciano giannelli ; naomi cull ; andrei danchev ; bridget drinka ; richard epstein ; jadranka gvozdanovic ; kaoru horie ; masataka ishikawa ; bernard jacquinod ; dieter kastovsky ; ritva laury ; leena l = f6fstedt , silvia luraghi ; maria manoliu - manea ; jaap van marle ; ana maria martins ; chantal melis ; robert w . murray ; johanna nichols ; jairo nunes ; claudia parodi ; betty s . philips ; susan pintzuk ; pieter van reenen & lene schosler ; elke ronneberger - sibold ; nigel vincent . comparative indo-european linguistics . an introduction robert s . p . beekes 1995 xxii , 376 pp . us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 504 4 price : us $ 75 . 00 paper : 1 55619 505 2 price : $ 24 . 95 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 2150 2 price : hfl . 125 , - - paper : 90 272 2151 0 price : hfl . 50 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this book gives a comprehensive introduction to comparative indo - european linguistics , the first to appear in english . it starts with a presentation of the languages of the family ( from english and the other germanic languages , the celtic and slavic languages , latin , greek and sanskrit through armenian and albanian ) and a discussion of the culture and origin of the indo - europeans , the speakers of the indo - european proto-language , who are considered to have lived in what is today the ukraine . the book gives an introduction into the nature of language change and the methods of reconstruction of older language stages , with many examples ( from the indo - european languages ) . a full description is given of the sound changes , which makes it possible to follow the origin of the different indo - european languages step by step . this is followed by a discussion of the development of all the morphological categories of proto - indo - european . the book presents the latest in scholarly insights , like the laryngeal and glottalic theory , accentuation , the ablaut patterns and these are systematically integrated into the treatment . while the book presents a large amount of material and discusses many principles and the relevant terminology , it is written in a very readable and lucid style . use of the book is facilitated by an appendix on phonetics , a glossary , full indexes , and an extensive bibliography . the book can be used as a first introduction to the field , and at the same time brings the reader to the current moment of research . zur geschichte der deutschen sprache . new edition with an introductory article by kurt r . jankowsky wilhelm scherer 1995 lxii , 246 pp . amsterdam classics in linguistics , 16 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 770 5 price : us $ 97 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 1994 x price : hfl . 170 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com wilhelm scherer ( 1841-1886 ) has gained wide recognition for his extraordinary accomplishments in linguistics as well as in literary studies . his first and most important contribution to the development of linguistic science was his monumental work of 508 pages zur geschichte der deutschen sprache , published in 1868 . his stated objective was """""""" to subject all aspects of the germanic grammar to a new treatment . """""""" while such a wording sounds rather modest , the actual implementation in his book , if viewed within the framework of his time , might very appropriately be called revolutionary . he broke with august schleicher 's distinction between 'd evelopment ' ( in prehistorical time ) and 'd ecay ' ( in historical time ) in the history of language and replaced it with his notion of continuous , uninterrupted development . his survey of the relevant literature of his time is almost exhaustive , and his findings serve as the solid stepping stone for his own advances . to facilitate reading , the editor has supplied an index of names ( with life dates ) , a complete listing of the literature referred to by scherer as well as an introduction to scherer 's life and his general scholarly achievements . towards a history of the basque language jose ignacio hualde , joseba a . lakarra & r . l . trask ( eds . ) 1995 365 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 131 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 585 0 price : us $ 90 . 00 rest of world : cloth : 90 272 3634 8 price : hfl . 150 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com questions related to the origin and history of the basque language spark considerable interest , since it is the only surviving pre - indo - european language in western europe . however , until now , there was no readily available source in english providing answers to these questions or giving an overview of past and current research in this area . this book is intended to partly fill this void . the book contains both state-of - the-art papers which summarize our knowledge about particular areas of basque historical linguistics , and articles presenting new hypotheses and points of view based on hard evidence and careful analysis . all contributors to this volume have demonstrated expertise in the topic within basque historical linguistics that their chapter addresses . two classical articles by the late luis michelena are included in english translation . in addition , the book includes studies on diachronic phonology , morphology and syntax . the relation of basque to other languages is also investigated in a couple of chapters . english historical linguistics 1994 . papers from the 8th international conference on english historical linguistics ( 8 icehl , edinburgh , 19-23 september 1994 ) 1996 viii , 403 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 135 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 590 7 price : us $ 84 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3639 9 price : hfl . 150 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this volume offers a selection of 19 papers from those read at the 8th international conference on english historical linguistics . the topics discussed span the whole history of english from the common germanic period to the present century . the book also includes , as appropriate to the conference venue , a number of papers on the aspects of the historical development of scots and scottish english . historical pragmatics . pragmatic developments in the history of english andreas h . jucker ( ed . ) 1995 xvi , 624 pp . pragmatics & beyond new series , 35 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 328 9 price : us $ 97 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 5047 2 price : hfl . 170 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com until very recently , pragmatics has been restricted to the analysis of contemporary spoken language while historical linguistics has studied historical texts and language change in a decontextualized way . this has now radically changed and scholars from around the world are trying to build a new theoretical framework that integrates recent advances both in pragmatics and in historical linguistics . this volume , which contains 22 original titles , starts with an introduction that is both a state-of - the-art account of historical pragmatics and a programmatic statement of its future potential and its different subfields . part i contains seven pragmaphilological papers that deal with historical texts and their interpretations by paying close attention to the communicative context of these texts . the second and third parts comprise papers in diachronic pragmatics . the ten papers of part ii take a linguistic form as their starting point , e . g . particular lexical items or syntactic constructions , and study their pragmatic functions at different times ( diachronic form-to - function mappings ) , while the four papers of part iii take a particular pragmatic function as their starting point . e . g . discourse strategies or politeness , and study their linguistic realisation at different times ( diachronic function-to - form mappings ) . contributions by : c . allen ; u . bach ; h . bergrer ; e . bern = e1rdez & p . tejada ; m . fludernik : g . fritz ; w . h = fcllen ; a . jacobs & a . jucker ; r . kopytko ; s . kryk - kastovsky ; j . lennard ; j . de lima ; p . navarro - errasti ; t , nevalainen & h . raumolin - brunberg ; n . onodera ; g . ronberg , s . schwenter & e . traugott ; i . taavistainen ; t . virtanen ; k . wales ; s . w = e5rvik ; r . watts semitic and indo-european : the principal etymologies . with observations on afro-asiatic saul levin 1995 xxii , 514 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 129 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 583 4 price : us $ 97 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3632 1 price : hfl . 170 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this volume presents the key examples of morphological correspondences between indo - european and semitic languages , afforded by nouns , verbal roots , pronouns , prepositions , and numerals . its focus is on shared morphology embodied in the cognate vocabulary . the facts that are brought out in this volume do not fit comfortably within either the indo - europeanists ' or the semitists ' conception of the prehistoric development of their languages . nonetheless they are so fundamental that many would take them for evidence of a single original source , ' proto - nostratic ' . in this book , however , it is considered unsettled whether proto - ie and proto - semitic had a common forerunner . but the ie - semitic combinations testify at least to prehistoric language communities in truly intimate contact . questions ? contact bernie keck email : service @ benjamins . com
  """",0
  1727,""""Subject: two summaries
   
   i apologize for being so negligent in posting these summaries to questions i asked 6 weeks ago . the responses were plentiful and very useful , and quick ! congratulations go to james vanden bosch ( vand @ calvin . edu ) and rob pensalfini ( rjpensal @ mit . edu ) who answered my questions on french loan words and language evolution before i had even received the posting from linguistlist . wow . the figure i had remembered was that some 10 , 000 words were borrowed from french into english . as most people said , it comes from baugh , albert c . ( 1951 ) , _ a history of the eng lang _ , 2nd edn . routledge & kegan paul , london , p . 215 . which was basically the only place i had n't looked . other interesting information : p . 327 """""""" according to jespersen , nearly half ( 42 . 7 percent ) of the french borrowing in english to ca . 1900 belong to this [ 1250-1400 ] period . 36 . > from thomas pyles , the origins and development of the english language . ny : harcourt brace jovanovich 1971 , 2nd ed . pyles is quoting ( his footnote 36 ) : jesperson , growth and structure of the english language , 9th ed . oxford 1954 ( orig . pub . 1905 ) . other references : coleman , julie ( 1995 ) the chronology of french and latin loan words in english . _ transactions of the philological society _ 93 , 95-124 . there are further references there . there 's also a recent book , i think , by christiane dalton - puffer . steve seegmiller wrote : the total number of borrowings from french is certainly much higher that 10 , 000 - probably ten times that number or more , if you count the word in an unabridged dictionary ( rather than , say , the 20 , 000 most common words ) . i have heard figures ( perhaps from jespersen again , i ' m not sure ) to the effect that 80 % of all of the words in are borrowings , and 80 % of those are from french and latin . > from terry nadasdi i just saw your posting on linguist . i do n't have an exact reference , just a suggestion of where you might consider looking . i just had a look at my m . a . thesis which was on english loan words in canadian french . i have a quote there which suggests that w . d . whitney might be a place you could look . the quote is as follows : """""""" rarely has any cultivated tongue , during a like period of history given up more of its ancient material than did the english during the few centuries which succeeded the norman invasion . . . """""""" this quote by whitney was taken from a . elliot , 1889 in an article entitled """""""" speech mixture in french canada """""""" , american journal of philology , vol . x , 2 """""""" speech mixture in french canada """""""" , american journal of philology , vol . x , 2 no . 38 . p . 158-186 . i unfortunately no longer have the article with me , but your library should have it in order that you might find the original whitney source which give actual numbers of loan words from french to english . thanks again to ( in no particular order ) : roslyn blyn - ladrew ( jladrew @ chesco . com ) david denison ( mfcepdd @ fs1 . art . man . ac . uk ) steve seegmiller ( seegmillerm @ alpha . montclair . edu ) terry nadasdi ( tnadasdi @ gpu . srv . ualberta . ca ) burns cooper ( ffgbc @ aurora . alaska . edu ) w . h . edmondson ( w . h . edmondson @ cs . bham . ac . uk ) terry lynn irons ( t . irons @ morehead-st . edu ) ( and anyone else i missed ) this was my original second posting about the evolution of languages : > i once read that the natural evolution of a language is from > analytic to synthetic . i ' ve been unable to find that assertion > since , and am wondering if i made it up . replies to this open question were much more varied and i ' ll quote them all . > from rob pensalfini ( rjpensal @ mit . edu ) : i can't comment on who might have said it , but it has probably been said . i think english serves as a counterexample to some degree , where you had a highly inflecting language that lost a lot of its inflection ( verbal and nominal ) and now uses prepositions et al where case marking would have once done the work . i always imagined it as a circle , so that a fully isolating language might start to incorporate certain things and over the centuries become synthetic , polysynthetic even ( incorporating not only adpositions but pronominal arguments ) . eventually , some of the distinctions encoded in the inflection might be lost , some of the inflection might be lost altogether , and then the language ( we ' re talking centuries later again ) might use independent words ( perhaps adverbials or something ) to indicate particular grammatical relations , and lo and behold you ' ve got an isolating language again . the fact that change in either direction is possible is why there are two sides to debates on things like what the ancestor australian language ( s ) might have looked like . australia has both head marking ( polysynthetic ) languages and dependent ( case - ) marking languages , as well as languages that are a mixture of the two . some people think that the original language was dependent marking and that truncation and cliticisation of pronouns led to head-marking ( ken hale and i are among these people ) , while other people take the equally valid view that the ancestor was synthetic and that case marking developed in conjunction with the loss of head marking . hope this was of some use , rob carl mills ( carl . mills @ uc . edu ) wrote : i do n't know who made up this """""""" theory , """""""" but they are probably wrong . on this view , what happened to english between ca . 800 and ca . 1500 ? ? > from peter daniels ( pdaniels @ press-gopher . uchicago . edu ) : there are some remarks on this in the new book by anatole lyovin , * introduction to the languages of the world * ( oxford , 1997 ) ; i do n't remember whether he gives references . but the notion of progress between types is certainly found in max muller . i believe it was folks like boas who laid it to rest ; meanwhile the romance future formation cycle had been noticed , and if high - class languages like latin and french could oscillate between analytic and synthetic , then obviously it could n't be an evolutionary sequence ! > from john halloran ( seagoat @ pop . primenet . com ) : a trend from agglutinative to inflective was identified by bernard h . bichakjian in his article """""""" evolutionary patterns in linguistics """""""" which appeared in studies in language origins , vol 2 , ed . walburga von raffler - engel , jan wind , and abraham jonker ( amsterdam / philadelphia : john benjamins , 1991 ) , pp . 187-224 . he also identifies some other trends in linguistic evolution . geoffrey sampson ( geoffs @ cogs . susx . ac . uk ) wrote : my memory is that adalbert schleicher , who was the first writer to describe language evolution as a natural process akin ( or even identical ) to biological evolution , thought of the movement from analytic to synthetic as a decay which came about after the intellectual progress of mankind had attained a point at which it no longer needed to be supported by specific linguistic structures - - and that this was linked to themes in hegel 's philosophy , about which i am deeply vague . > from ian dale ( iandale @ ccs . carleton . ca ) : i take it you are referring in the first instance to wilhelm von humboldt . a few quick references . edward sapir ( language , 1921 , chapter 6 ) deals rather extensively with a rather more detailed typological comparison , without specific reference to humboldt . charles f . hockett ( 1958 , a course in modern linguistics , p181 ) dismisses such ideas out of hand , without giving a reference . r . h . robins ( 1964 , general linguistics : an introductory survey , pp 331 - 335 ) also discusses this sort of classification and does refer specifically to humboldt 's """""""" ueber die verschiedenheit des menschlichen sprachbaues , berlin , 1836 ( reprinted darmstadt , 1949 . """""""" but as to any sort of """""""" natural evolution """""""" , all ( and i imagine this """""""" all """""""" would include nearly all linguists ) agree that this is out of the question , especially if """""""" evolution """""""" has anything to do with """""""" progress , """""""" and especially since most languages display both synthetic and analytic features ( not to speak of such other terms as polysynthetic , agglutinative , isolating , and inflecting ) . > from asya pereltsvaig ( asya @ mail . netvision . net . il ) hi , i do n't know if it 's of any help to you or it will just confuse you , but i remember reading somewhere of just the opposite approach : that languages develop from synthetic to analytic . however , i can't address you to a reference right now . laurie bauer ( laurie . bauer @ vuw . ac . nz ) writes : if it is , the history of romance from latin needs some explanation - - or english from germanic , for that matter . yet if you consider french le livre , je l ' ai lu , moi in terms of phonology instead of traditional word breaks , we could argue that we have le _ livre je _ l ' ai _ lu moi in three words , the middle one of which is synthetic , derived from a more analytic j ' ai lu le livre . so we find both directions occurring naturally . whew ! thanks to everyone . this has shown me that there is no simple answer and that i should just as likely believe the opposite as what i thought i had read . m melanie misanchuk department of french italian and spanish university of calgary calgary , alberta , canada
  """",0
  1728,""""Subject: nineteenth annual cognitive science conference
   
   the nineteenth annual conference of the cognitive science society will be held at stanford university from august 7 to 10 , 1997 . this year 's meeting will run four days and include eight half-day symposia on selected topics . for information about registration and housing , see the conference web site at http : / / www-csli . stanford . edu / cogsci97 which also contains information about other aspects of the meeting . we have kept this year 's registration fee low to make the conference accessible to as many people as possible . registration is only $ 100 for members of the cognitive science society and $ 155 to $ 183 for nonmembers . however , this rate holds only until the early registration deadline of july 1 , 1997 , so please register as soon as possible . on - campus housing , which we encourage , is also available if you register by this date . the conference web site includes both postscript and electronic versions of the registration and housing form . we look forward to seeing you at stanford this august .
  """",0
  1729,""""Subject: new perspectives on language acquisition ( revised )
   
   conference program ( revised ) new perspectives on language acquisition : minimalism and pragmatics university of massachusetts , amherst bartlett 65 june 2 , 3 , 4 1997 day 1 : early stages in child language / negation monday , june 2 9-10 registration session 1 : early stages of language acquisition 10-11 invited speaker : david lebeaux n . e . c . """""""" determining the kernel ii : prosodic form , syntactic form , and phonological bootstrapping """""""" 11-11 : 30 susan powers university of potsdam , germany """""""" binary processes and structures in language acquisition """""""" 11 : 30-12 coffee 12-12 : 30 mireia llinas i grau universitat autonoma de barcelona , spain """""""" verb - complement patterns in early catalan """""""" 12 : 30-13 mary sweig wilson and jeffrey pascoe laureate learning systems , inc . """""""" the minimalist program : implications for early language intervention """""""" 13-14 lunch session 2 : negation i 14-14 : 30 judy baek , m . i . t . """""""" object shift , subject position and verb raising in korean """""""" 14 : 30-15 lamya abdulkarim , thomas roeper , and jill de villiers university of massachusetts , amherst , smith college """""""" negative islands in acquisition : lf - feature movement or chain links """""""" 15-15 : 30 coffee 15 : 30-16 dana macdaniel , judy bernstein , and cecelia mckee university of southern maine , university of arizona """""""" minimalist perspectives on resumptive pronouns in children 's and adults ' relatives """""""" session 3 : negation ii 16-16 : 30 d ' jaris coles university of massachusetts , amherst """""""" linguistic constraints on negative concord in african - american english """""""" session 3 : 16 : 30-17 alison henry , cathy finlay and john wilson university of ulster , jordanstown ( ireland ) """""""" the acquisition of negative concord """""""" 17-18 invited speaker : frans zwarts university of groningen , the netherlands """""""" semantic parameters in language acquisition """""""" 19 : 30 party at tom 's day 2 : developing representations : specificity , temporality , and theory of mind tuesday , june 3 session 1 : specificity 9 - 9 : 30 jeanette schaeffer m . i . t . """""""" the interaction between syntax and pragmatics in first language acquisition """""""" 9 : 30-10 ana perez - leroux """""""" specificty , the acquisition of dps , and development of a theory of mind """""""" 10-10 : 30 coffee session 2 : inflection 10 : 30-11 sharon armon - lottem university of maryland """""""" agreement mismatches and the economy of derivation """""""" 11-11 : 30 alison henry , lindsay klimacka and alex smith university of ulster , jordanstown ( ireland ) , cherryville clinic """""""" sli , optional infinitives and parameter setting """""""" 11 : 30-12 janice jackson university of massachusetss , amherst """""""" aspectual knowledge in african - american children """""""" 12-13 lunch session 3 : acquisition and temporality across languages 13-13 : 30 laura wagner university of pennsylvania """""""" what children know when they understand viewpoint aspect """""""" 13 : 30-14 angeliek van hout i . r . c . s . """""""" on the role of direct objects and particles in clearning telicity """""""" 14-14 : 30 michael walsh dickey university of massachusetts """""""" tense and discourse in the acquisition of african - american english """""""" 14 : 30-15 coffee session 4 : tense and theory of mind 15-15 : 30 jill de villiers smith college """""""" on acquiring the structural representations for false complements """""""" 15 : 30-16 bart hollebrandse university of massachusetts , amherst """""""" on theory of mind and sequence of tense """""""" 16-16 : 30 commentator angelika kratzer university of massachusetts , amherst day 3 : minimalism and new approaches to child grammar wednesday , june 4 session 1 : later stages and minimalism 9 - 9 : 30 shalom zuckerman university of groningen , the netherlands """""""" the acquisition of verb movement in hebrew """""""" 9 : 30-10 william snyder , deborah chen , maki yamane , laura conway , and kazuko hiramatsu university of connecticut """""""" on the nature of children 's left - branch violations """""""" 10-10 : 30 carole tenny boster university of connecticut """""""" a minimalist processing approach to early subject omissions """""""" 10 : 30-11 coffee 11-11 : 30 arild hestvik university of bergen , norway """""""" optimality theoretic account of children 's coreference errors """""""" 11 : 30-12 ayumi matsuo university of connecticut """""""" reciprocity and binding in early child grammar """""""" 12-12 : 30 thomas roeper university of massachusetts , amherst """""""" minimal syntactic structures """""""" farewell registration $ 10 ( $ 5 for students ) this conference is sponsored by the psycholinguistic trainee grant , graduate school umass , linguistics department and the afro american english grant at the communication disorders department . for more information : holleb @ linguist . umass . edu bart hollebrandse linguistics department university of massachusetts amherst , ma 01003 u . s . a . ( 413 ) 545 0885
  """",0
  1730,""""Subject: a grammar of bella coola
   
   new book announcement davis , philip w . and ross saunders . 1997 . a grammar of bella coola . university of montana occasional papers in linguistics no . 13 . pp . viii + 190 . isbn no . 1-879763 - 13 - 3 . us $ 20 ( shipping included ) . to order send check for $ 20 to umopl , linguistics program , university of montana , missoula , mt 59812 . for further information check http : / / www . umt . edu / ling / umopl / titles . htm
  """",0
  1731,""""Subject: new book : germanic linguistics
   
   we would like to bring to your attention this new book from john benjamins publishing in the field of germanic linguistics : germanic linguistics . syntactic and diachronic rosina lippi - green & joseph salmons ( eds . ) 1996 viii , 192 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 137 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 592 3 price : us $ 47 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3641 0 price : hfl . 110 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this volume contains ten revised and expanded papers selected from the dozens presented at the last michigan - berkeley germanic linguistics roundtable , five contributions each from syntax ( by werner abraham , sarah fagan , isabella barbier , john te velde , and ruth lanouette ) and historical linguistics ( by garry davis and gregory iverson , mary niepokuj , neil jacobs , edgar polome , and david fertig ) . the authors start from current theoretical discussions in syntactic and diachronic research , using theory to address longstanding but still current problems in germanic linguistics , from clitic placement and verb-second phenomena through the ' verschurfung ' to the twaddellian view of umlaut . each contribution relies on careful sifting of data situated in the relevant comparative context , germanic , indo - european and cross-linguistic . for further information please e-mail bernadette keck : service @ benjamins . com
  """",0
  1732,""""Subject: re : summary : ' no ' and ' man '
   
   thanks for all the responses . it was really something to get the number and quality of ideas . 1 . ' no ' my initial query was : south african english use of ' no ' - does this occur in contexts such as : a . how are you ? b . no , i ' m fine . in other english varieties / other languages ? confronted with such examples , vistors to the country often comment that in sa english , ' no ' means ' yes ' . this , of course , is not true . ' no ' would be the response to the question ' do you have the time ? ' if the speaker did n't have the time . * generally : a couple of people commented that ' no ' definitely does not mean ' yes ' in these contexts . what it does is rather to negate the possibility of a negative belief concerning the answer to the question . in the example above , for instance , b . is negating a . 's possible belief that b . is not well . why south africans hold that the possibility of such negative beliefs is so strong they have to be denied remains to be seen . * ' no ' in other varieties of english the use of ' no ' in the types of examples cited anyway is not recorded according to the responses in : - australian english - american english - english english it is recorded in : - nigerian and ghanaian english there do appear to be related ( but not identical ) discourse uses of ' no ' and similar particles in other varieties of english . few english responses actually dealt with this usage at all . by far the majority were on ' man ' * ' no ' in other languages ' no ' does seem to be used in a variety of other languages in the same way as in sa english . similar uses are recorded in : - the scandinavian languages - german ( 'd och ' - similar but not identical ) - cameroon french - bangkok thai ( ' plaw ' - lit . ' empty ' ) - spanish ? it also occurs , incidentally , in afrikaans . 2 . ' man ' my question here related to the use of ' man ' to express a negative emotional involvement of the speaker of some sort - irritation , impatience or annoyance . examples given were : man it 's hot today hurry up mom , man man , i can't this right * english a huge response that showed that ' man ' is used similarly in : - american english ( both ' black ' and ' white ' ) - scottish english - tyneside english ( in north east of england ) - jamaican english - welsh english - an ' americanism ' found in other varieties of english . the american english usage at least does not necessary carry negative sentiment and is ' a more general tag . . . over which any kind of emotional intonation can be laid ' . example b . above , an example which typifies sa usage , was found to be odd ( ' wierd ' ) by american respondants . the reason for this is that ' man ' although an interjection still appears to ' have the flavour of a term of address so that ' mom , man ' sounds like two forms of direct address in a row ' . it seems , then , that ' man ' in sae does not bare the feature ' term of address ' at all in such contexts . the only instance in which similar usages were given was in tyneside english . ( ' shut up man geoff ' ' those kegs are too tight man mary ' . here though , the actual term of address occurs finally as opposed to the use of ' man ' finally in sae . this needs to be explored further , but of further interest : - there is a distinctly ' american ' use of ' man ' in sae that is not like the south african use of man ( ' cool man ' type of utterances ) . - other sa examples of man : - daddy , man ! ( 5 year old daughter after i stood on her toe ) - man , david , i do n't mean that ( wife and self in ' altercation ' ) - no man , that 's not right . - man ! this bloody computer is giving problems . - saenglish ' man ' alternates between shwa and full vowel in all contexts . ( in sae shwa occurs as a vowel in stressed contexts - 's it ' can have shwa for eg ) : related usage in currant american english is the use of 'd ude ' . * other languages related uses of ' man ' include : - dutch - swedish ( ' boy ' is used in a similar way ) - norwegian - ? german use of ' etwa ' may have similar function - german ( ' usually to indicate weariness ' ) - spanish - ? lhasa tibetan ( ' mi ' - ' person ' ) interestingly in dutch the 'd ouble address form [ as in ' hurry up mom , man ' ] is impossible ( just """""""" schiet op , man """""""" must do ) . ' some interesting stuff came out as you can see . just for your interest , on further sa english item : - ' sorry ' for ' i beg your pardon ' e . g . a drops something without knowing . b picks it up and calls out to a ' sorry , you dropped something ' anyway thanks to : helen adamson geoffrey sampson elin haf gruffyd jones celso alvarez caccamo mai kuha mark donohue marek przezdziecki scott delancey mats eeg-olofsson dom watt hilde hasselgard nicole nelson jane a . edwards sren harder charlie rowe nobue mori adiego lajara bruce connell krisadawan hongladarom frank bramlett deborah milam berkley douglas s oliver larry trask kristine hasund paul boersma m . lynne roecklein judy l . delin benji wald stephen p . spackman john verhaar randall major + the person who wished to be anonymous for the references .
  """",0
  1733,""""Subject: available for review
   
   the book listed below is in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . language acquisition & prosody hung , feng sheng , 1996 . """""""" prosody and the acquisition of grammatical morphemes in chinese languages """""""" indiana university linguistics club . in this comparison study , hung investigates the influence of prosodic and phonological factors on the acquisition of frequently occurring grammatical morphemes in two morphosyntactically similar but prosodically different languages , namely taiwan mandarin chinese and taiwanese . through an analysis of the patterns of realization and omission of these morphemes in children 's speech , he concludes that rhythmic characteristics of languages can affect segmentation of input speech by providing different kinds of prosodic handles for the novice to grasp . metrical feet may offer mandarin children one kind of segmentation handle . in taiwanese , however , the syllable more likely functions as a segmentation unit .
  """",0
  1734,""""Subject: carnie @ linguistlist . org
   
   the book listed below is in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . philosophy of language : platts , mark , 1997 """""""" ways of meaning : an introduction to a philosophy of language """""""" 2nd edition . mit press , cambridge ma . the philosophy of language is not an isolated philosophical discipline of merely technical interest to other philosophers . rather , as mark platts shows , it can help to solve traditional problems in other areas of philosophy such as metaphysics , epistemology , and ethics . ways of meaning provides an introduction to such issues at the forefront of philosophy . the 2nd edition contains a new chapter on natural kinds .
  """",0
  1735,""""Subject: mini workshop on split constituents
   
   the syntax project of the innovationskolleg """""""" formal models of cognitive complexity """""""" wants to organize a mini-workshop on split constituents such as ( 1 ) or ( 2 ) some time in fall 1997 . ( 1 ) interessante buecher hat sie keine teuren gelesen interesting books has she no expensive read """""""" she did n't read any expensive interesting books """""""" [ german ] ( 2 ) na kakav je ivan krov bacio loptu on what-kind - of was ivan roof threw ball """""""" on what kind of roof did he throw a ball """""""" [ croatian ] if you are working on this kind of construction ( the language does not matter ) and if you would like to come to such a mini-workshop , please let us know . . . cavar @ rz . uni-potsdam . de fanselow @ rz . uni-potsdam . de
  """",0
  1736,""""Subject: hpsg97 program
   
   international conference on head-driven phrase-structure grammar hpsg97 at the summer institute of the lsa cornell , ithaca , ny july 18-20 , 1997 friday , july 18 , 1997 9 : 00-10 : 00 feature talk : title tba . carl pollard ( ohio state university ) . 10 : 00-10 : 30 adjuncts as complements : evidence from case assignment . adam przepiorkowski ( eberhard - karls - universitaet tuebingen ) . 10 : 30-11 : 00 conjunctive semantics for adjuncts : evidence from rationale infinitives . david baxter ( university of illinois at urbana - champaign ) . 11 : 00-11 : 20 coffee break 11 : 20-11 : 50 type - hierarchical analysis of gapless relative clauses in korean . jong - yul cha ( university of illinois at urbana - champaign ) . 11 : 50-12 : 20 the internally headed relative clause in japanese as a case of syntactic coercion . chiharu uda ( doshisha university ) . 12 : 20-12 : 50 linearization and wh - extraction in hpsg : evidence from a dialect of serbo - croatian . gerald penn ( eberhard - karls - universitaet tuebingen ) . 12 : 50 - 2 : 30 lunch break 2 : 30 - 3 : 00 the morphosyntax of serbo - croatian quantified np 's . stephen wechsler ( university of texas at austin ) and larisa zlatic ( university of texas at austin ) . 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 a lexical approach to quantifier floating , anne abeille ( university of paris 7 ) and daniele godard ( cnrs and university of paris 7 ) . 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 verb - second structures in breton . bob borsley ( university of wales , bangor ) and andreas kathol ( uc berkeley ) . 4 : 00 - 4 : 30 west greenlandic noun incorporation in a monohierarchical theory of grammar . rob malouf ( stanford university ) . 4 : 30 - 4 : 50 lemonade break 4 : 50 - 5 : 20 parallel morpho - syntactic constraints in european portuguese cliticization . berthold crysmann ( university of saarland ) . 5 : 20 - 5 : 50 clitic climbing in noun phrases . dimitra kolliakou ( university of groningen and university of newcastle ) . 5 : 50 - 6 : 20 the structure of french causatives . michael calcagno ( ohio state university ) and carl pollard ( ohio state university ) . saturday july 19 , 1997 9 : 00 - 1 : 00 feature talk title tba . peter sells ( stanford university ) . 10 : 00-10 : 30 vp relatives in german . ehrard hinrichs ( eberhard - karls - universitaet tuebingen ) and tsuneko nakazawa ( university of tokyo ) . 10 : 30-11 : 00 the semantics of relative clause extraposition . tibor kiss ( ibm germany ) . 11 : 00-11 : 20 coffee break 11 : 20-11 : 50 the scope - marking construction in german . andreas kathol ( uc berkeley ) . 11 : 50-12 : 20 a syntactic analysis for wh-questions in german . anke feldhaus ( eberhard - karls - universitaet tuebingen ) 12 : 20-12 : 50 locus agreement in american sign language : an hpsg analysis . kearsy cormier ( university of texas at austin ) . 12 : 50 - 2 : 30 lunch break 2 : 30 - 3 : 00 idiomatic constructions in hpsg . susanne riehemann ( stanford university ) . 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 no one 's forgotten the periphery , have they ? emily bender ( stanford university ) and dan flickinger ( stanford university ) . 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 lexicalization of context . graham wilcock ( university of manchester and sharp corporation ) . 4 : 00 - 4 : 20 lemonade break 4 : 20 - 4 : 50 grammar acquisition by probabilistic model transformation . eugene koontz ( suny - buffalo ) . 4 : 50 - 5 : 20 modular integration and interpretation of principles in cf-psg . josef van genabith ( dublin city university ) 5 : 20 - 5 : 50 ' inside - out ' constraints and description language for hpsg grammars . jean - pierre koenig ( suny - buffalo ) . hpsg-97 party 6 : 30-10 : 30 sunday , july 20 , 1997 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 english number names in hpsg . jeff smith ( san jose state university ) 9 : 30-10 : 00 long - distance reflexives and the binding square of opposition . antonio branco ( dfki and university of lisbon ) and palmira marrafa ( university of lisbon ) 10 : 00-10 : 30 on locality of negative concord in polish and romance . adam przepiorkowski ( eberhard - karls - universitaet tuebingen ) and anna kupsc ( polish academy of sciences and university of paris 7 ) 10 : 30-11 : 30 feature talk : title tba . howard gregory and shalom lappin ( soas , university of london ) . 11 : 30 - 2 : 00 lunch break 2 : 00 - 5 : 00 symposium : construction theory participants : charles fillmore ( uc berkeley ) , ellen prince ( university of pennsylvania ) , ivan sag , organizer , ( stanford university ) , gert webelhuth ( university of north carolina ) . registration : - participation in the conference is free for registered institute participants - for others : pre - registration ( before july 1 ) : $ 30 : non-students ; $ 15 students on - site registration : $ 40 : non-students ; $ 25 students to pre-register , send your name and affiliation to : via e-mail : jpkoenig @ acsu . bufalo . edu via snail-mail to : hpsg97 685 baldy hall state university of new york at buffalo buffalo , ny , 14052 - usa for any further information , see : http : / / linguistics . berkeley . edu / hpsg / hpsg97 or contact : jean - pierre koenig linguistics dept . 685 baldy hall state university of new york at buffalo buffalo , ny , 14052 ( 716 ) 655-9179 e-mail : jpkoenig @ acsu . buffalo . edu travel and lodging : some dorm space might be available for conference participants . details will be provided soon . for travel information , consult the cornell web page at : http : / / www . sce . cornell . edu / cuss / lsa . html for lodging in ithaca in general , consult the following web page : http : / / www . ithaca . ny . us / commerce / lodging . html for info on ithaca and the finger lakes region , consult : http : / / www . ithace . nys . us http : / / www . fingerlakes . com
  """",0
  1737,""""Subject: summer school on """""""" history of linguistics """"""""
   
   - - - - - the swiss linguistics society organizes a summer school on the topic """""""" historical epistemology of linguistics """""""" , from september 1st to september 5th , in sion ( switzerland ) . this summer school consists in two parts : 3 days of work-shops and 2 days of conference . for more informations please contact prof . alain berrendonner ( alain . berrendonner @ unifr . ch ) . you will find here the french presentation of the school and its program . ecole d ' ete """""""" epistemologie historique de la linguistique """""""" ( sion , 1 - 5 septembre 1997 ) nous avons le plaisir de vous annoncer que la 3e ecole d ' ete de la societe suisse de linguistique ( ssl ) , organisee en collaboration avec l ' institut kurt bosch , se tiendra du 1er au 5 septembre 1997 bramois pres de sion ( vs ) . buts . le theme retenu , epistemologie historique de la linguistique , tient d ' une part au fait que la ssl fete cette annee ses 50 ans d ' existence . il nous a semble particuliarement opportun , l ' occasion de ce jubile , de jeter un regard retrospectif sur l ' histoire de notre discipline . d ' autre part , l ' objectif des ecoles d ' ete de la ssl est d ' apporter un complement de formation aux etudiants , doctorands et jeunes chercheurs , en diffusant desinformations qui relevent de domaines de specialite peu ou pas representes dans les universites suisses . or , l ' enseignement de l ' histoire et de l ' epistemologie de la linguistique est loin d ' tre assur partout de faon systematique . il nous est donc apparu qu ' en choisissant ce theme , nous contribuions combler utilement une lacune institutionnelle . le but de l ' ecole est non seulement de fournir aux participants des connaissances sur le passe de la linguistique ( theories , doctrines , methodes . . . ) , mais aussi de favoriser l ' exchange d ' experiences entre chercheurs , la reflexion sur les modes de construction des objets de science , et la mise en perspective des pratiques cognitives . public vise . l ' ecole d ' ete est destinee principalement aux doctorands et jeunes chercheurs des universiters suisses , travaillant dans le domaine des sciences du langage . elle peut egalement interesser des specialistes en epistemologie , histoire des sciences , philosophie des sciences , histoire des idees . . . organisation . la premiere partie du programme comprend cinq demi-journees , consacrees chacune un cours , suivi de discussion et / ou de travaux diriges . la seconde partie prendra la forme d ' un colloque , au cours duquel divers sp = e9cialistes pr = e9senteront leurs resultats les plus recents , et illustreront leur methodologie sur des faits precis . la participation la totalite du programme est de rigueur . programme lundi 1er septembre . matin : konrad koerner ( toronto ) : sprachwissenschaftsgeschichte : sinn , zweck und methode . apres - midi : claudine normand ( paris x ) : le positivisme en linguistique . mardi 2 septembre . matin : d . baratin / f . desbordes : la pensee medievale et antique . apres - midi : j . - c . chevalier : grammaire scolaire vs grammaire gensra le du xviie au xixe sicle . mercredi 3 septembre . matin : b . schlieben-lange ( tubingen ) : kontinuitten und broche in sprachwissenschaftlichen diskursen . apres - midi : jubile de la ssl . regards sur 50 ans de linguistique en suisse conference de s . bouquet : l ' histoire editoriale des textes de linguistique generale de f . de saussure . jeudi 4 septembre / vendredi 5 septembre : colloque 9h - 9h45 d . skilian ( zagreb ) : la pensee linguistique grecque avant socrate . 9h45 - 10h30 r . h . robins ( londres ) : les grammairiens byzantins . 10h30 - 11h pause 11h - 11h45 r . amacker ( geneve ) : sur les formes de l ' argumentation chez les grammairiens latins . 12h repas 14h - 14h45 o . pombo ( lisbonne ) : la th = e9orie leibnizienne de la pensee aveugle en tant que perspective sur quelques apories linguistiques de la modernite . 14h45 - 15h30 j . breuillard ( lyon iii ) : etre linguiste en russie au xviiie siecle : la decouverte de la diversite des langues . 15h30 - 16h pause 16h - 16h45 j . trabant ( berlin ) : mithridates : de conrad gesner adelung / vater . 16h45 - 17h30 l . formigari ( rome ) : epistemologie de la linguistique chez steinthal . vendredi 5 septembre . 9h - 9h45 p . swiggers ( louvain ) : gillieron : structuraliste ou anti-structuraliste ? 9h45 - 10h30 a . fryba ( berne ) : philologie und sprachwissenschaft in der schweiz am anfang des 20 . jahrhunderts . 10h30 - 11h pause 11h - 11h45 j . fehr ( zurich ) : semiologie im spannungsfeld von sprache und schrift . 12h repas 14h - 14h45 d . gambarara ( univ . di calabria ) : l ' ouverture historique de l ' espace de la linguistique . 14h45 - 15h30 g . bergougnioux ( orl = e9ans ) : la langue et le cerveau : genese de l ' aphasie . 15h30 - 16h pause 16h - 16h45 k . wippich-horackova ( prague ) : sprachlehrwerke als spiegel der sprachwissenschaft . inscription . le nombre de participants est limite a 30 . les frais d ' inscription , couvrant l ' hebergement et les repas , se montent a sfr . 500 . - grce a une subvention de l ' academie suisse des sciences humaines , les frais d ' inscription d ' une dizaine de participants etudiants peuvent tre pris en charge par le budget de la ssl . la demande doit en otre faite au moment de l ' inscription . pour s ' inscrire , contacter au plus vite : societe suisse de linguistique ( ecole d ' ete ) prof . a . berrendonner criblet 13 , 1700 fribourg e-mail : alain . berrendonner @ unifr . ch
  """",0
  1738,""""Subject: muc - 7 call for participation
   
   * * * call for participation * * * seventh message understanding system evaluation and message understanding conference ( muc - 7 ) evaluation : 2 - 6 march 1998 conference : april 1998 washington , d . c . area sponsored by : the human language systems tipster text program of the defense advanced research projects agency information technology office ( darpa / ito ) the message understanding conferences have provided on ongoing forum for assessing the state of the art and practice in text analysis technology and for exchanging information on innovative computational techniques in the context of fully implemented systems that perform realistic tasks . the evaluations have provided researchers and potential sponsors and customers with a quantitative means to appreciate the strengths and weaknesses of the technologies , and the results reported on at the conferences have sparked customer interest in the potential utility of the technologies . the seventh message understanding conference ( muc - 7 ) will provide an opportunity for both new and experienced muc participants to participate in a flexible evaluation , suited to development needs and abilities . it will provide : * opportunity to select among a variety of tasks : named entity ( ne ) , coreference ( co ) , template element ( te ) , template relationship ( tr ) and scenario template ( st ) . * two tasks for evaluating component technologies ( ne and co ) , which use standard generalized markup language ( sgml ) as output format * redesigned information extraction ( ie ) task , with two domain-independent subtasks ( te and tr ) separated from domain-dependent subtask ( st ) . * emphases of st task on portability and on minimizing human resources required to participate in the evaluation . * three experimental tracks to explore new data sets and tasks . participation in muc - 7 is actively sought from both new and veteran organizations . with the new and redesigned evaluation tasks , muc - 7 offers a good opportunity for organizations to try out new ideas for handling nlp problems that are of both scientific and practical interest without having to participate in the entire range of tasks . the conference itself will consist primarily of presentations and discussions of innovative techniques , system design , and test results . there will also be an opportunity for participants to demo their evaluation systems . attendance at the conference is limited to evaluation participants and to guests invited by the darpa tipster text program . a conference proceedings , including test results , will be published . schedule : 1 july 97 : application deadline for participation 15 july 97 : release of ne , co , te , tr , and example st training data and scorer 8 september 97 : release of dry run st task definition , training data , and scorer 29 sept - 3 oct 97 : muc - 7 dry run ( all participants ) 6 february 98 : release of formal test st task definition , training data , and scorer 2 - 6 march 98 : muc - 7 formal run 7 - 9 april 98 : 7th message understanding conference ( tentative dates ) data and task description : the texts to be used for system development and testing are news service articles from the new york times news service , supplied by the linguistic data consortium ( ldc ) [ ldc @ ldc . upenn . edu ] . training , dry run , and test data for all the tasks are extracted from a corpus of approximately 158 , 000 articles . sets of articles to be used in the muc - 7 evaluation will be distributed via ftp upon payment of a one time fee of $ 100 and upon signing of a user agreement for the use of these texts . the user agreement can be retrieved from the ldc catalog ( evaluation agreements ) . the url for the ldc home page is : http : / / www . ldc . upenn . edu . five separate evaluations will be conducted as part of muc - 7 . the definition of these evaluations has been worked out since late 1996 by members of the muc - 7 planning committee . the evaluations may be viewed as capturing the results of text analysis at various levels of aggregation of information : * named entity ( ne ) requires only that the system under evaluation identify each bit of pertinent information in isolation from all others . * coreference ( co ) requires connecting all references to """""""" identical """""""" entities . * template element ( te ) requires grouping entity attributes together into entity """""""" objects . """""""" * template relationship ( tr ) requires identifying relationships between template elements . * scenario template ( st ) requires identifying instances of a task-specific event and identifying event attributes , including entities that fill some role in the event ; the overall information content is captured via interlinked """""""" objects . """""""" * experimental tracks using new data sets are variants of the ne task . the task definition is the same as for the basic ne task , but the texts are different . * experimental track involving a new task is a simplified version of the te task . key things to note about each evaluation task : * ne covers named organizations , people , and locations , along with date / time expressions and monetary and percentage expressions ; it requires production of sgml tags as output . * co covers noun phrases ( common and proper ) and personal pronouns that are """""""" identical """""""" in their reference ; it requires production of sgml tags as output ; the tags for coreferring strings form """""""" equivalance """""""" classes , which are used for scoring . * te covers organizations , persons , and artifacts , which are captured in the form of template """""""" objects """""""" consisting of a predefined set of attributes . * tr covers relationships among template elements , including location and time relationships , which are captured in the form of template """""""" relations """""""" consisting of a relationship and the template elements participating in that relationship . tr is a new task for muc - 7 . * st covers a particular scenario , which is kept secret until one month prior to testing in order to focus on system portability ; however , the generalized structure of a scenario template is predefined , and example scenarios are available for participants to examine . this task is domain dependent . * tasks for the experimental tracks are derived from ne and te . there is a world wide web site that allows automated testing following the rules of muc - 6 . it will be of particular value to new participants . the website is password protected and you need to be licensed to access the acl / dci disk from the ldc to obtain a password from chinchor @ gso . saic . com . muc - 6 articles were taken from the acl / dci disk . an anonymous ftp site will be available for downloading muc - 7 related material . this cfp and the muc - 7 participant agreement are available to the public from the ftp site . each participant ( after signing the ldc user agreement and a muc - 7 participation agreement ) will receive a password to download the muc - 7 data , definitions , and scoring software at the release times noted above . the url of the website is http : / / muc . saic . com . the ftp site is ftp . muc . saic . com . test protocol and evaluation criteria : muc - 7 participants may elect to do one or any combination of tasks and experimental tracks . participants will have access to shared resources such as the training texts and annotations / templates , task documentation , and scoring software . all muc - 7 participants are encouraged to participate in the dry run and take advantage of material available . the formal test will be conducted during the first week in march . it will be carried out by the participants at their own sites in accordance with a prepared test procedure and the results submitted to the ftp site for official scoring with the software prepared by saic for muc - 7 . test sets used for the evaluations will consist of 100 texts , with subsets for some of the tasks . there will be different data sets for the dry run and the formal test . systems will be evaluated using recall and precision metrics ( all tasks ) , f - measure ( all tasks ) , and error-based metrics ( all tasks except co ) . the computation of these metrics is based on the scoring categories of correct , partial , incorrect , spurious , missing , and noncommittal . muc - 7 participants will be able to familiarize themselves with the evaluation criteria through usage of the evaluation software , which will be released along with the training data . instructions for responding to the call for participation : organizations within and outside the u . s . are invited to respond to this call for participation . by the time of the actual testing phase of the evaluation , systems must be able to accept texts without manual preprocessing , process them without human intervention , and output annotations ( ne , co ) or templates ( te , tr , st ) in the expected format . organizations should plan on allocating approximately two person-months of effort for participation in the evaluation and conference . it is understood that organizations will vary with respect to experience with sgml text annotation , information extraction , domain expertise / engineering , resources , contractual demands / expectations , etc . recognition of such factors will be made in any analyses of the results . organizations wishing to participate in the evaluation and conference must respond by july 1 , 1997 by submitting a short statement of interest via email and a signed copy of the muc - 7 participation agreement via surface mail . 1 . the statement of interest should be submitted via email to marsh @ aic . nrl . navy . mil and should include the following : a . evaluation task ( s ) ( choose one or more ) * named entity * coreference * template element * template relationship * scenario template b . primary point of contact . please include name , surface and email addresses , and phone and fax numbers . c . does your site have a copy of the muc - 6 proceedings ? 2 . the participation agreement can be downloaded from the anonymous ftp site ( ftp . muc . saic . com ) . a signed copy should be sent by surface mail to elaine marsh , nrl - code 5512 , 4555 overlook ave . sw , washington , d . c . 20375-5337 , usa . if some questions cannot be deferred until the deadline for responding to this call for participation has passed , you may send them by email to elaine marsh ( marsh @ aic . nrl . navy . mil ) , with copies to ralph grishman ( grishman @ cs . nyu . edu ) and nancy chinchor ( chinchor @ gso . saic . com ) to ensure that your message receives a timely response from one of us . muc - 7 planning committee : ralph grishman , new york university , program co-chair elaine marsh , naval research laboratory , program co-chair chinatsu aone , systems research and applications lois childs , lockheed martin nancy chinchor , science applications international jim cowie , new mexico state university rob gaizauskas , university of sheffield megumi kameyama , sri international tom keenan , u . s . department of defense boyan onyshkevych , u . s . department of defense martha palmer , university of pennsylvania beth sundheim , nccosc nrad marc vilain , mitre ralph weischedel , bbn systems and technologies
  """",0
  1739,""""Subject: books : pragmatics
   
   now available : proceedings of the university of herfordshire relevance theory workshop . edited by marjolein groefsema isbn 0-952 - 9901 - 0 - 5 this volume contains fifteen of the papers that were presented at the university of hertfordshire rt workshop , which was held in hatfield peverel from 27-29 october 1995 . the aim of the workshop was to bring together researchers working within the framework of relevance theory to dicuss their research and exchange ideas . the papers presented in this volume reflect the wide range of topics that are currently being studied from a relevance theoretical perspective , while some of the papers critically assess aspects of relevance theory . table of contents : a pragmaticization process affecting norwegian negatives with scalar expressions . thorstein fretheim relevance , referring expression , and the givenness hierarchy . jeanette gundel and ann mulkern relevance and the peircean conception of truth . william downes the awsome efficiency of what is false . gloria origgi and adriano palma conceptual and procedural encoding : criteria for the identification of linguistically encoded procedural information . steve nicolle concepts and word meaning . marjolein groefsema relevance and the manipulation of the incongruous : some explorations on verbal humour . carmen curco relevance theory and augmentative and alternative communication . john clibbens ellipsis and inference kaja borthen , thorstein fretheim and randi alice nilsen representation and relevance in human reasoning . simon handley and edward buck the relevance of face calibration koenraad kuiper relevance theory and extraposed relative clauses . yael ziv the relevance of relevance theory to syntactic phenomena : relevance theory and the extraction from relative clauses . tali rubovitz issues in developmental """""""" theory of mind """""""" research from the point of view of relevance theory . szabolcs kiss """""""" if you would like to burn your mouth feel free """""""" : a relevance - theoretic account of conditionals used to children . susan foster - cohen and erika konrad price including p & p : uk 10 . 00 pounds sterling europe 11 . 00 pounds sterling rest of the world 13 . 00 pounds sterling to order : please send a cheque , made out to peter thomas , or an international money order to the address below . unfortunately , there are no facilities to handle credit cards . peter thomas and associates ' the sticks ' , cardfields lane hatfield peverel , chelmsford cm3 2nr uk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dr marjolein groefsema dept . of linguistics email : m . groefsema @ herts . ac . uk university of hertfordshire tel . + 1707 285699 ( direct line ) watford campus aldenham herts . wd2 8at uk
  """",0
  1740,""""Subject: 13th scandinavian conference of linguists
   
   just out proceedings of the thirteenth scandinavian conference of linguistcs lars heltoft and hartmut haberland , eds . university of roskilde , department of languages and culture isbn 87-90132 - 12 - 2 495 pages , 1996 this volume contains 40 papers presented at the 13th scandinavian conference of linguistcs ( roskilde , denmark , january 1992 ) , including 6 papers from the neurolinguistics workshop held in connection with the conference . ( most papers are in english , one in german and a few in danish or swedish . ) for ordering , write to lars heltoft , 13th scandinavian conference of linguistics , department of languages and culture , university of roskilde , pob 260 , dk-4000 roskilde , denmark , fax + 45 46754410 . for a table of contents and pricing information ( including methods of payment ) please consult http : / / babel . ruc . dk / ~ rolig / 13scan . html
  """",0
  1741,""""Subject: book announcement : classics reissued
   
   indiana university linguistics club publications : two classics reissued phonology wilbur , ronnie . the phonology of reduplication . since the appearance of this work in 1973 , it has had continual theoretical significance . wilbur documents cases of under - and over-application of rules to reduplicative forms and the problems they present for rule ordering . she foreshadows current work in optimality theory by rejecting rule ordering and developing a notion akin to reduplicative base - reduplicant identity . this work played an important role in the rule ordering debates of the 1970s , in the development of reduplication theory within prosodic morphology during the 1980s , and currently provides insights to the emerging correspondence theory . copies are * limited * . special reissue price : $ 6 . 50 humor tiersma , peter m . language-based humor in the marx brothers films tiersma 's popular essay is an excellent introduction to linguistic analysis of humor . using lexical semantics and pragmatics , he gives a sound , yet lively , analysis of specific examples . great resource for introductory linguistics courses , and a good read . price : $ 4 . 00 iulc publications , 720 e . atwater ave . , bloomington , in 47401 . prepaid orders by u . s . check or money order . postage & handling for one or both : add $ 3 . 50 ( us orders ) , $ 5 . 00 ( can ) , $ 5 . 50 ( other ) . < iulc @ indiana . edu > http : / / ezinfo . ucs . indiana . edu / ~ iulc /
  """",0
  1742,""""Subject: avail for review
   
   the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . pronunciation of music names fradkin , robert a . 1996 . the well tempered announcer : a pronunciation guide to classical music . indiana university press . bloomington . radio announcers have very few resources for learning to pronounce foreign words and anmes associated with classical music . in this innovateive guide , fradkin provides the pronunciation of over 2000 names , titles and musical terms . fradkin explains the principles of pronunciation of about 2 dozen languages and provides clues for identifying the language fo a strange word and making an educated guess at its pronunciation .
  """",0
  1743,""""Subject: new information about the int . congress on terminology - basque country
   
   dear subscribers , we had to make some changes in the program and we were asked to extend the data limite for the papers . so you are still on time until the 23th of this month to send a one-page long abstract ! thanks again . programme november 12 , wednesday 09 : 00 welcome and registration 09 : 45 inauguration 10 : 15 jean - claude corbeil ( qu = e9bec ) current scene of terminology 11 : 30 break 12 : 00 christian galinski ( termnet - infoterm ) europe 's international infrastructure of terminology 15 : 30 ibon sarasola ( euskaltzaindia / academy of the basque language ) basque lexicography and terminology 16 : 45 papers november 13 , thursday 09 : 00 luis gonzalez & polux hern = fa = f1ez ( european commission ) terminology , assistant to the translation in the european commission 10 : 15 mertxe olaizola ( haee / ivap , official service of translation ) administration terminology 11 : 30 break 12 : 00 klaus - dirk schmitz ( termnet ) terminology interchange using martif 15 : 30 miel loinaz ( uzei , basque center for terminology and lexicography ) terminology data-banks . design and management of euskalterm 16 : 45 papers november 14 , friday 09 : 00 pierrette vachon - l ' heureux ( office de la langue francaise , quebec ) terminology , neology and officialization 10 : 15 johan myking ( norway ) standardization and language planning of terminology : the norvegian experience 11 : 30 break 12 : 00 miren azkarate ( ehu / upv , university of the basque country ) present situation of basque terminology 13 : 15 round - table : minority languages and terminology 14 : 30 closing languages of the congress the working languages are basque , spanish , french and english exhibition during the three days of the congress the newest computer applications for terminology will be on show . those interested on showing any product or tool , please send your request as soon as possible . calendar 23 - 06 - 97 last day to receive the papers ' abstracts 23 - 07 - 97 last day to answer to the autors 31 - 07 - 1997 last day to register with the reduced fee 10 - 09 - 1997 last day to receive the accepted papers 31 - 10 - 1997 last day of registration uzei aldapeta 20 , 20009 donostia tel : 943-473377 fax : 943-457944 e-mail : euskalterm @ sarenet . es
  """",0
  1744,""""Subject: call for papers : dgfs meeting 1998
   
   call for papers as part of the annual meeting of the german linguistic society ( deutsche gesellschaft fuer sprachwissenschaft ) , to be held in halle ( saale ) , germany , march 4 / 6 1988 , there will be a workshop ( arbeitsgruppe ) on the following topic : the linguistic analysis of intercultural communication in the last thirty years research on intercultural communication has attracted increasing scientific attention not only as a result of social developments but also due to the growing interdisciplinary cooperation between different disciplines such as cultural anthropology , ethnology , sociology , and linguistics ( c . f . ehlich 1996 ) . a central topic of the linguistic analysis of intercultural communication is determined by the experience that the use of a common language system does not guarantee mutual understanding . therefore , the theoretical conception of intercultural communication ( either in everyday or in institutional situations ) is characterized by misunderstandings ( gumperz ) . analyses of the mediation of intercultural competences show that both contrastive and interactive investigations into intercultural communication are important in order to answer the questions on the contextualizations of speech actions and on their universal or culture specific characteristics . only recently , has the innovative potential of intercultural communication started to attract particular attention ( c . f . koole & ten thije 1994 ) . it has become clear that research into intercultural communication should take an interdisciplinary perspective and requires reflection on traditional linguistic categories of linguistic description in order to see which new discursive forms are facilitated by intercultural communication . the specific question to be adressed in this workshop is whether the linguistic involvement in intercultural research has resulted in the extension and enhancement of new linguistic categories and research methods . reflexion on this issue should focus on topics like procedures of assertaining understanding ( verstdndnissicherung ) ( c . f . metacommunication ) , pragmatic universals ( c . f . politeness ) , contrastive analyses of speech actions and texts , linguistic forms of perspectivity or culture comparison . references ehlich , k . ( 1996 ) interkulturelle kommunikation . in : h . goebl et alii ( eds . ) kontaktlinguistik . ein internationales handbuch zeitgenvssischer forschung . berlin / new york : de gruyter , 920 / 931 . koole , t . & j . d . ten thije ( 1994 ) the construction of intercultural discourse . amsterdam : rodopi . papers relevant to this topic are invited . papers should take 40 minutes , to be followed by 20 minutes of discussion . a one-page abstract should be sent ( preferably by e-mail to the organizer ( adress below ) by september 1 , 1997 . - - dr . kristin buehrig germanisches seminar der universitdt hamburg jan d . ten thije , professur interkulturelle kommunikation technische universitaet chemnitz , 09107 chemnitz tel . : . . 49 . 371 . 531 . 2966 ; sekr . : . . . 4533 ; fax : . . . 2933 e-mail : jan . tenthije @ phil . tu-chemnitz . de http : / / www . tu-chemnitz . de / phil / ikk
  """",0
  1745,""""Subject: amlap - 97 call for abstracts
   
   * * * please post * * * please post * * * please post * * * please post * * * amlap - 97 conference """""""" architectures and mechanisms for language processing """""""" http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ amlap / final call for paper / poster abstracts call for participation 11-13 september 1997 apex hotel edinburgh , scotland * * * * * invited speakers * * * * * kay bock ( university of illinois ) - - - - - paul smolensky ( johns hopkins university ) - - - - - lorraine k . tyler ( birkbeck college ) * * * * * sponsors * * * * * human communication research centre universities of edinburgh and glasgow centre for cognitive science university of edinburgh we are calling for submissions for the 3rd conference on architectures and mechanisms for language processing ( amlap - 97 ) , which will be held in edinburgh , from thursday , september 11 until saturday , september 13 , 1997 . the aim of this conference is to bring psychological , computational and theoretical perspectives concerning the cognitive architectures and mechanisms which underly any aspect of human language processing . submissions which integrate experimental findings , formal and computational models of psychological processes are especially encouraged . deadline for submissions is 20 june 1997 . e - mail submissions ( in plain text ) are greatly preferred . please send a 400 word abstract to amlap @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk , or if necessary , by post to matt crocker , amlap , centre for cognitive science , university of edinburgh , 2 buccleuch place , edinburgh , eh8 9lw , or by fax to + 44 131 650 4587 . summaries of data and references can be additional to the main abstract . please indicate if you would rather give a 30 minute talk or a poster presentation , or either . abstracts will be considered by the programme committee : gerry altmann , martin corley , barbara hemforth , gerard kempen , paola merlo , wayne murray , suzanne stevenson , patrick sturt and the conference chairs . notification of acceptance will be sent by 18 july . it is our intention that selected contributions will be published either in the special issue of a journal or as an edited book . conference chairs : matt crocker ( hcrc , edinburgh ) martin pickering ( hcrc , glasgow ) for further details , see : http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ amlap / * * * registration & accommodation * * * registration the conference will be held at the apex hotel in the heart of edinburgh 's old town . registrations fees are shown below and include attendance of the conference , lunch on the 12th and 13th , all coffee breaks , and a copy of all abstracts being presented . | by 15 aug | after 15 aug - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - regular : | 65 . 00 | 80 . 00 student : | 35 . 00 | 50 . 00 to register , please send your payment ( as outlined below ) , and a cover letter stating that you wish to register for the amlap - 97 conference , and include your full name , affiliation , address , phone , fax , and e-mail . students must also include proof of student status . this should be sent to : amlap - 97 human communication research centre 2 buccleuch place edinburgh , eh8 9lw united kingdom payment : 1 . cheques should be drawn on a british bank in pounds sterling , and made payable to """""""" the university of edinburgh """""""" . 2 . direct transfers should be sent to : edinburgh university account - 00919680 bank of scotland 32a chambers street edinburgh sort code 80-02 - 24 transfers must mention amlap a / c 265000 g40183 3 we are able to accept payment from a variety of credit cards ( visa , mastercard , switch , and delta ) . payments made by credit card will incur an additional charge of 2 % of the total amount due . if you wish to pay by credit card please complete the following form , and send it to us by post ( we need a real signature ) : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - name : address to which the card is registered : card type : ( visa , mc , switch , delta ) : card number : valid from : expiry date : amount due : administration charge ( 2 % ) : total amount to be charged to card : signature : date : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - accommodation 1 accommodation is available at the apex hotel , the conference venue . this is one of edinburgh 's top hotels , and we have arranged a special conference rate of # 55 single / per night , # 60 double / per night , b&b . to book a room contact the hotel directly , and mention the amlap conference : the apex hotel 31-35 grassmarket edinburgh , eh1 2hs scotland phone : + 44 131 300 3456 fax : + 44 131 220 5345 2 finally , there are numerous b&bs in edinburgh , for those seeking less expensive accommodation . please check the web page first for details if possible . a further call for participation and announcement of the programme will appear in a subsequent announcement . also keep an eye on our web page at the url given below , it should be up and running soon . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ amlap / email : amlap @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk
  """",0
  1746,""""Subject: new book : clinical phonetics
   
   we would like to bring to your attention this new book from john benjamins publishing in the field of clinical phonetics advances in clinical phonetics martin j . ball & martin duckworth ( eds . ) 1996 xiv , 258 pp . studies in speech processing and clincal linguistics , 6 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 393 9 price : us $ 69 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 4337 9 price : hfl . 125 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com advances in clinical phonetics focuses on important developments in phonetic description . recent years have seen increasing developments in phonetic description , in both instrumental and impressionistic approaches . not restricted to the phonetics of normal speech , clinical phoneticians and speech scientists working with disordered speech , have been at the forefront of recent work . some instrumental developments ( such as electropalatography ) , and some transcription developments ( such as extipa symbols ) , have been spearheaded by clinical phoneticians . the present collection describes and explores these developments . part one consists of major accounts of advances in clinical phonetics , while the second part shows the workings of these advances in six specific case studies for further information please e-mail bernadette keck : service @ benjamins . com
  """",0
  1747,""""Subject: new uci dissertation in linguistics
   
   irvine linguistics students association is pleased to announce the publication of the following uci dissertation in linguistics . overt movement as a reflex of morphology hajime ikawa under the framework of the minimalist program , this thesis answers fundamental questions with overt movement such as ( i ) what forces its application , and ( ii ) what is responsible for its presence / absence in languages . chapter 1 raises the above-mentioned fundamental questions with overt movement . it is shown that the current minimalist framework , as it is , does not explain any of them in a principled way . chapter 2 introduces two major operations assumed by the minimalist program , merge and move . chapter 3 first undertakes to identify the cause of overt movement in a way consistent with the basic minimalist assumption that any application of overt movement , as a departure from the best case , should be forced from the outside of the core computational system . it is claimed that overt movement is directly driven by the module morphology , which applies right after spell - out ; overt movement , whether head-movement or xp - movement , is forced to apply to morphologically support the suffixal functional heads . this claim automatically leads to derive the absence of overt movement in consistently head-final languages like japanese from their word order . the proposed analysis not only provides principled answers for the fundamental questions with overt movement , but eliminates one of the most problematic aspects of the minimalist program , the strong / weak distinction among functional heads . chapter 4 discusses various implications and consequences of the proposed analysis for overt movement , phrase structure , the computational system , and typological variations . chapter 5 discusses overt np - raising as overt movement indirectly driven by the morphological properties of agr . it is claimed that a subject in nominative-accusative languages overtly raises not to directly support agr , but to provide f-features for agr so that it can be successfully suffixed to a verb as the overt realization of the f-features of an np . from this , asymmetries between overt np - raising and other overt movements directly driven by morphology naturally follow . also available : > uci dissertations in linguistics griffith , teresa a . 1996 projecting transitivity and agreement takano , yuji 1996 movement and parametric variation in syntax zoerner , cyril edward 1995 coordination : the syntax of &p us $ 14 each , plus shipping and handling > uci working papers in linguistics , volume 3 ( 1997 ) . edited by luther > chen - sheng liu and kazue takeda articles appearing in the third volume are : brian agbayani : category raising , adjunction , and minimality lisa lai - shen cheng : """""""" partial """""""" wh - movement naoki fukui : attract and the a - over - a principle toru ishii : the """""""" crossing """""""" constraint and the minimal link condition luther chen - sheng liu : light verb and accusative - ing gerund in taiwanese yuji takano : object shift as short scrambling kazue takeda : a note on locality of category movement and feature movement sze - wing tang : the parametric approach to the resultative construction in chinese and english miyoko yashui : identification of ellipses and other empty categories us $ 14 , plus shipping and handling > uci working papers in linguistics , volume 2 : proceedings of the south > western optimality theory workshop ( swot ii ) . edited by brian agbayani > and naomi harada us $ 12 , plus shipping and handling > uci working papers in linguistics , volume 1 . edited by brian agbayani , > kazue takeda and sze - wing tang us $ 12 , plus shipping and handling shipping and handling ( per item ) domestic : $ 5 ; canada : $ 6 ; mexico : $ 7 ( airmail ) , $ 5 ( surface ) ; elsewhere : $ 12 ( airmail ) , $ 7 ( surface ) * international shipping and handling rates are subject to the numbers of items ordered and location . please contact < ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu > in ordering more than one item from abroad . prepayment required . please make checks or money orders payable to ' ilsa-asuci ' . we cannot accept credit card payment . payment must be in us funds , drawn on a us bank . please allow 4 - 6 weeks for delivery . send order form and payment to : irvine linguistics students association , school of social sciences , university of california , irvine , irvine , ca 92697 , u . s . a . please address inquires to ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu order form customer information name : street address : city , province / state : country , zip code : telephone number : e - mail : item quantity price per item total uciwpl - 2 $ 12 $ uciwpl - 1 $ 12 $ uciwpl - 3 $ 14 $ griffith $ 14 $ ikawa $ 14 $ takano $ 14 $ zoerner $ 14 $ shipping : $ total : $ for more information about uci working papers in linguistics and uci dissertations in linguistics , please contact < ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu > or see ilsa 's homepage < http : / / www . socsci . uci . edu / ling / ilsa / ilsahp . html > . tables of contents of uciwpl and abstracts of ucidl are available in ilsa 's homepage .
  """",0
  1748,""""Subject: meeting of atlantic provinces linguistic association
   
   > _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ > > > call for papers > > atlantic provinces linguistic association > > 21st annual meeting > ( 20th anniversary meeting ) > > mount saint vincent university , halifax > november 7 - 8 . 1997 > > > keynote speaker : robert rankin , university of kansas > > 1 . the theme for this year 's conference is """""""" language diversity > language origins . """""""" however , papers on all topics in > linguistics are welcome , in english or french . > 2 . papers are 30 minutes in length : 20 minutes for oral > presentation and 10 minutes for discussion . > > 3 . abstracts are due by september 8 , 1997 . they should be > typewritten and single-spaced , and should be no longer than > one page , including bibliographical references . abstracts > will also be accepted through fax or e-mail , provided they > observe the common format ( for email , make sure that margins > are at least 2 . 5 cm ) . abstracts in english should be > addressed to marie - lucie tarpent , department of modern > languages , mount saint vincent university , halifax , n . s . , > b3m 2j6 , tel . ( 902 ) 457-6172 or fax ( 902 ) 445-3960 , email > < marie-lucie . tarpent @ msvu . ca > . for abstracts in french , > contact < michelle . daveluy @ stmarys . ca > . > > * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * > > additional information > > 1 . all presenters must be members in good standing of the > association . to take out or renew a membership , please > contact the treasurer , aleksandra steinbergs , department of > linguistics , memorial university of newfoundland , st . john 's , > newfoundland , canada . a1b 3x9 , tel . ( 709 ) 737-8134 , fax ( 709 ) > 737-4000 , email < asteinbe @ morgan . ucs . mun . ca > . alternately , > membership dues can be paid at the conference . the annual > membership fee is $ 15 ( regular ) or $ 10 ( students ) . > > 2 . there will be a $ 30 registration fee for the conference . > > 3 . the conference will begin in the early afternoon of friday , > november 6 and continue through saturday . there will be a > banquet on saturday evening . > > 4 . the official hotel for the conference will be the wandlynn > inn located on the bedford highway within walking distance of > mount saint vincent university . a fixed number of rooms will > be held for conference participants at a flat rate of $ 54 > ( plus hst tax ) , single or double occupancy . other types of > rooms are also available at the hotel , which is wheelchair > accessible . reservations must be made before october 17 , > 1997 ; tel . 902-443 - 0416 , fax 902-457 - 0665 . > details concerning other accommodation in halifax as well as > full information about the conference will be sent to members > in september . > > for further information please contact > > < michelle . daveluy @ stmarys . ca > > > >
  """",0
  1749,""""Subject: specific language impairment
   
   announcing a special issue of language acquisition on specific language impairment ( sli ) in children . guest editor , heather k . j . van der lely the submission of papers for the special issue is requested on any topic related to the lingistic characterization of sli in children , including but not limited to syntax , morphology and phonology , cross-linguistic perspectives , sli and theories of language acquisition . data may be experimental , naturalistic or both . deadline for submissions : september 1 , 1997 papers will be peer reviewed following the usual reviewing policies of language acquisition . please follow the guidelines for submission to language acquisition and send 4 manuscript copies to : dr . heather van der lely department of psychology birkbeck college university of london malet street london , wc1e 7hx , uk
  """",0
  1750,""""Subject: hypermedia in den geisteswissenschaften
   
   an alle interessentinnen und interessenten von hypermedia - anwendungen und entwicklungen : der arbeitskreis hypermedia der gesellschaft fuer linguistische datenverarbeitung ( gldv ) ( leiterin des aks : dr . angelika storrer , ids mannheim ) wird sein naechstes arbeitstreffen am 20 . juni 1997 am institut fuer kommunikationsforschung und phonetik der universitaet bonn abhalten . der workshop wird unter dem thema geisteswissenschaftliche hypermedia - anwendungen stehen . das programm koennen sie unter http : / / www . ids-mannheim . de / grammis / bonn . html einsehen . interessierte teilnehmerinnen und teilnehmer aus ihrem bereich sind hierzu herzlich eingeladen . ueber zusagen bis freitag , dem 13 . 06 . 1997 , wuerde ich mich sehr freuen . mit freundlichen gruessen , bernhard schroeder institut fuer kommunikationsforschung und phonetik universitaet bonn poppelsdorfer allee 47 d-53115 bonn t . : + 49 228 735621 f . : + 49 228 735639 web - seite des ikp : http : / / www . ikp . uni-bonn . de web - seite der gldv : http : / / www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / gldv web - seite des aks : http : / www . ids-mannheim . de / grammis / ak . html
  """",0
  1751,""""Subject: 2nd acm international conference on digital libraries
   
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - acm dl ' 97 * * * * * * * * * * 2nd acm international conference on digital libraries * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * preliminary program doubletree hotel , philadelphia , pa july 23-26 , 1997 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * reminder : early registration closes june 13 ! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * acm dl ' 97 will immediately precede sigir ' 97 in philadelphia . the acm dl series is sponsored by acm through sigir and siglink . acm dl ' 97 acm digital libraries is an international conference which is building a community of individuals from diverse fields to study research and development in digital libraries . the collection , access and use of electronic information in a variety of formats requires solutions to problems ranging from the technical to the social , incorporating knowledge and experience from many fields . individuals with an interest in library and information science , digital information technology , education , information policy and economics , information seeking behavior and other fields contributing to digital library development are invited to attend . conference highlights include : wednesday * tutorials * opening reception thursday * keynote address by jim reimer , ibm senior technical staff member * technical sessions * panel on museum and gallery applications of digital libraries * d - lib panel on interoperability * banquet cruise friday * plenary address by pamela samuelson , u . of california berkeley * technical sessions * d - lib panel on interoperability * poster and demonstration showcase and reception saturday * technical sessions * workshops sunday * tour to brandywine valley steering committee edward fox ( chair ) , virginia tech robert b . allen , bellcore william arms , cnri nicholas belkin , rutgers university richard furuta , texas a&m university gary marchionini , university of maryland edie rasmussen , university of pittsburgh conference information is available from the dl ' 97 website or via email : http : / / www . sis . pitt . edu / ~ diglib97 / or diglib97 @ sis . pitt . edu * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  1752,""""Subject: new books : phonology
   
   wang jialing and norval smith ( editors ) studies in chinese phonology 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . 295 pages . cloth dm 168 , - / approx . us $ 120 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 013953 - 7 linguistic models 20 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this volume contains papers covering various aspects of segmental structure as well as tone sandhi and neutral tone in the tonological area . all analyses are based on recent phonological theories such as autosegmental theory , lexical phonology , feature geometry , underspecification theory and prosodic phonology . the introduction provides background knowledge of synchronic and diachronic aspects of chinese phonology . the contributions present analyses of dialects including the four major dialect families in chinese : mandarin ( beijing , tianjin ) , yue ( cantonese ) , min ( fuzhou ) and wu ( shanghai , chongming ) . besides being essential to scholars and students of chinese phonology , this book will also be found useful by phonologists and linguists in general as well as sinologists in other fields . contents wang jialing and norval smith , introduction * matthew y . chen and hongming zhang , lexical and postlexical tone sandhi in chongming * stuart milliken , zhang guang - ping , zhang xue - yi , li zhi - qui and lu ying , resolving the paradox of tianjin tone sandhi * chilin shih , mandarin third tone sandhi and prosodic structure * jin shunde , toward a systematic account of shanghai tonal phonology * wang jialing , the representation of the neutral tone in chinese putonghua * edwin g . pulleyblank , the cantonese vowel system in historical perspective * richard wiese , underspecification and the description of chinese vowels * moira yip , consonant - vowel interaction in cantonese * marjorie k . m . chan , fuzhou glottal stop : floating segment or correlation of close contact ? * list of authors and editors robert s . bauer and paul k . benedict modern cantonese phonology 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xlviii , 559 pages . cloth dm 158 , - / approx . us $ 113 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 014893 - 5 trends in linguistics . studies and monographs 102 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york the economic boom of southeast china has given both the region and its language an unprecedented importance . but although cantonese has become an increasingly important language on the world stage , this development has not spurred any major publications on cantonese phonology . this volume presents an analysis of modern cantonese . it describes the consonants , vowels , and tones of the contemporary language and examines the structure of the cantonese syllable and the types of changes that can occur when syllables are strung together in words and phrases . the descriptive phonology is not based on any particular linguistic theory . written in a clear and concise language , this comprehensive account of cantonese phonology is appropriate for the beginning student of cantonese , the cantonese native-speaker , the teacher of english to cantonese - speaking students , the professional linguist , and the layman curious about one of southeast asia 's major languages . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : 100064 . 2307 @ compuserve . com publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
  """",0
  1753,""""Subject: new book : hittite etymological dictionary
   
   jaan puhvel hittite etymological dictionary volume 4 : words beginning with k 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . x , 333 pages cloth dm 248 , - / approx . us $ 177 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 015491 - 9 trends in linguistics : documentation mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this is the fourth volume in the comprehensive compendium of the vocabulary of hittite , one of the great languages of the ancient near east and of paramount importance for comparative indo - european studies . this basic research tool is based on cuneiform texts from the second millenium b . c . e . , and covers both attestations and origins of words with special emphasis on cognates in other indo - european and near eastern languages . five further volumes are in preparation and will be published as they are finished . the author has tried to eschew excessive rote uniformity of layout and style in etymological discussion , in order to make as many entries as possible self-contained micro-essays of a format best suited to the item at hand . when no etymology is rated certain , the discussion often proceeds from the less likely possibilities and ends up with the most probable . when a preferred etymology is featured as virtually certain , it is usually stated and discussed first , and discarded alternatives , to the extent that they are deemed historically interesting , are mentioned in a coda . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : 100064 . 2307 @ compuserve . com publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
  """",0
  1754,""""Subject: new book : language planning
   
   michael clyne ( editor ) undoing and redoing corpus planning 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . viii , 520 pages cloth dm 198 , - / approx . us $ 141 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 015509 - 5 contributions to the sociology of language 78 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this book is a collection of sixteen original articles on language planning in the wake of sociopolitical change . each chapter covers a different language which underwent changes due to deliberate planning which has recently been rescinded or replaced by further planning for sociopolitical reasons ( e . g . , the collapse of the soviet bloc , the unification of germany and of vietnam , the abolition of apartheid ) . a theoretical epilogue draws together the findings into a general model . the volume contributes to the study of language and society and language change . contents michael clyne , introduction * alexander krouglov , ukrainian - reconstituting a language * miklos kontra , ` stubborn as a mule calls for dialectical presentation ' : on undoing and redoing corpus planning in hungary * john m . lipski , linguistic consequences of the sandinista revolution and its aftermath in nicaragua * s . m . lee - wong , undoing some effects of the cultural revolution - chinese address forms * michael clyne , the reconvergence of german after reunification and its limits * nguyen xuan thu , the reconvergence of vietnamese * radoslav katicic , undoing a ` unified language ' : bosnian , serbian , croatian * marcu gabinschi , reconvergence of moldavian towards romanian * ernst hakon jahr , the fate of samnorsk : a social dialect experiment in language planning * kas deprez , diets , nederlands , nederduits , hollands , vlaams , belgisch - nederlands * andrew gonzalez , from pilipino to filipino _ 1 to filipino _ 2 : unmaking and remaking a national language * rakhmiel peltz , the undoing of language planning from the vantage of cultural history : two twentieth century yiddish examples * hendrik boeschoten , the turkish language reform forced into stagnation * ran hacohen , influence of the middle east peace process on the hebrew language * hassan r . s . abd - el - jawad and fawwaz al - abed al - haq , the impact of the peace process in the middle east on arabic * d . j . van schalkwyk , eradicating racism in language - afrikaans * michael clyne , epilogue * list of contributors * index of names * index of subjects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : 100064 . 2307 @ compuserve . com publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
  """",0
  1755,""""Subject: new book : morphology
   
   wolfgang u . dressler , martin prinzhorn and john r . rennison ( editors ) advances in morphology 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . v , 207 pages . cloth dm 168 , - / approx . us $ 120 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 014863 - 6 trends in linguistics . studies and monographs 97 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this volume presents a selection of papers given at the fifth international morphology meeting in krems , austria , in 1992 which covered such different areas of morphological research as morphosyntax , morphopragmatics , morpho ( pho ) nology , computational morphology , diachronic morphology , and psycho - and patholinguistic aspects of morphology . on the empirical side , non - indoeuropean languages were prominently represented . contents wolfgang u . dressler , martin prinzhorn and john r . rennison , introduction * hagit borer , the morphology-syntax interface : a study of autonomy * andrew spencer , inflectional morphology and functional heads * aaron halpern , cluster morphology * wiecher zwanenburg , dutch prefixes and prepositions in complex verbs * anna - maria di sciullo , selection and derivational affixes * georgette dal and martin temple , morphologie derivationelle et analyse semantique des mots construits : les voies de la reference ne sont pas impenetrables * kersti borjars , one ( more ) reason why we need morphology * igor mel ' cuk , grammatical cases , basic verbal construction , and voice in maasai : towards a better analysis of the concepts * maria - rosa lloret and joaquim viaplana , on the morphological category of gender in catalan and in spanish * harald baayen , markedness and productivity * nigel vincent , exaptation and abduction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : 100064 . 2307 @ compuserve . com publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
  """",0
  1756,""""Subject: new book : language change / functional linguistics
   
   raymond hickey and stanislaw puppel ( editors ) language history and linguistic modelling a festschrift for jacek fisiak on his 60th birthday 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . vol . 1 : xxxviii , 1137 pages . vol . 2 : xvi , 983 pages cloth 2 vols . dm 698 , - / approx . us \ $ 499 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 014504 - 9 trends in linguistics . studies and monographs 101 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this volume presents a collection of some 130 contributions covering a wide range of topics of interest to historical , theoretical and applied linguists alike . a major theme is the development of english which is examined on several levels in the light of recent linguistic theory in various papers . the geographical dimension is also treated extensively , with papers on controversial aspects of variety studies , as are topical linguistic matters from a more general perspective . organization of the two volumes * preface * curriculum vitae * list of publications * i . language history * the history of english * phonetics / phonology * morphology * syntax * lexis * varieties , past and present * general * historical linguistics * language groups and families * the history of linguistics * change * semantics * pragmatics * discourse analysis * ii . linguistic modelling * general * phonetics / phonology * morphology * syntax * text linguistics , translation and stylistics * varia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : 100064 . 2307 @ compuserve . com publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
  """",0
  1757,""""Subject: new book : semantics
   
   new course book peter harder functional semantics a theory of meaning , structure and tense in english 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xv , 586 pages . paperback dm 58 , - / approx . us $ 41 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 015721 - 7 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york what is the role of meaning in relation to linguistic structure ? this book tells the story of meaning from plato to the present , and shows why the accepted current picture of linguistic meaning is wrong as well as confusing . the book argues that the essential job of syntax is to combine simpler meanings into more complex meanings ; that ` semantic ' meaning is essentially interactive ; that the evolution of syntax is bound up with the development of purely conceptual meaning - and that this is reflected in universal regularities of clause structure . the core of linguistic structure is constituted by functional-interactive meanings in syntactic collaboration , and tense in english is used to illustrate this claim . examination copies for course adoption are available upon request . please contact the publisher . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : 100064 . 2307 @ compuserve . com publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
  """",0
  1758,""""Subject: new book : phonetics / speech production
   
   shigeru kiritani , hajime hirose and hiroya fujisaki ( editors ) speech production and language in honor of osamu fujimura 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . x , 302 pages . cloth dm 188 , - / approx . us $ 134 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 015277 - 0 speech research 13 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york osamu fujimura is renowned for his interest and competence in a wide variety of subjects ranging from physics , physiology and phonetics to linguistics and artificial intelligence . through a fusion of these disciplines he has shown us new ways of looking into human speech and language which relate the physical and physiological processes in phonetics to abstract , higher-level linguistic structure . reflecting osama fujimura 's long-standing interests , the chapters in this volume provide a wide perspective on the various aspects of speech production ( physical , physiological , syntactic , and information theoretic ) and their relationship to the structure of speech and language . contents 1 background * manfred r . schroeder , speech : a physicist remembers * 2 larygeal functions in speech * minoru hirano , kiminori sato and keiichiro yukizane , male - female differences in anterior commissure angle o christy l . ludlow , susan e . sedory holzer and mihoko fujita , correlations among intrinsic laryngeal muscles during speech gestures * ingo r . titze , regulation of fundamental frequency with a physiologically - based model of the larynx * shigeru kiritani and seiji niimi , high - speed digital image analysis of temporal changes in vocal fold vibration in tremor * masayuki sawashima , phonetic control of the glottal opening * 3 voice source characteristics in speech * gunnar fant , frequency domain analysis of glottal flow : the lf - model revisited * janet pierrehumbert , consequences of intonation for the voice source o noriko umeda , fundamental frequency rule for english discourse * hajime hirose , physiological and acoustical correlates of voicing distinction in esophageal speech o 4 articulatory organization o morris halle and kenneth n . stevens , the postalveolar fricatives of polish * thomas h . crystal and arthur s . house , a note on the durations of american english consonants o shinji maeda and kiyoshi honda , articulatory coordination and its neurobiological aspects * joseph s . perkell and marc h . cohen , token - to-token variation of tongue-body vowel targets : the effect of context o ilse lehiste , the phonetic realization of the haiku form in estonian poetry , compared to japanese * m . mohan sondhi , synthesis and coding of speech using physiological models o 5 verbal behavior : sound structure , information structure * john j . ohala , comparison of speech sounds : distance vs . cost metrics * james d . mccawley , a note on japanese passives * hiroya fujisaki , sentence production and information * index _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : 100064 . 2307 @ compuserve . com publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
  """",0
  1759,""""Subject: new book : syntax
   
   susanne winkler focus and secondary predication 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . x , 481 pages . cloth dm 198 , - / approx . us $ 141 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 015057 - 3 studies in generative grammar 43 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this monograph presents the results of a syntactic and focus - theoretical investigation of secondary predication constructions . the syntactic analysis is couched in the principles and parameters theory . the focus analysis addresses the question of the prosodic realization of secondary predication constructions as well as their focus projection capacities and compares them not only to each other , but also to focus projection regularities in primary predications . this multilayered account shows that although the various types of secondary predication constructions have many aspects in common , they differ with respect to their distributional , binding-theoretic , and focus structure properties . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : 100064 . 2307 @ compuserve . com publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
  """",0
  1760,""""Subject: new book : english linguistics
   
   johan elsness the perfect and the preterite in contemporary and earlier english 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xvii , 432 pages cloth dm 248 , - / approx . \ us \ $ 177 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 014686 - x topics in english linguistics 21 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york in this study the author discusses various theories that have been put forward to account for the choice between the present perfect and the preterite in expressions of past time in english . the distribution between the two verb forms is examined in a varied corpus consisting of more than 13 , 000 recorded verb forms , a little more than half of them from present-day english ( british and american , spoken and written ) , the rest from earlier english all the way back to old english . the analysis of the contemporary corpus is supplemented by elicitation tests carried out with british and american informants . it is argued that in the present-day language the alternation between the two verb forms is determined above all by the presence or absence of temporal adverbials and other contextual factors , considerations to do with current relevance playing only a subsidiary part . while many other writers have assumed that the rapid advance of the present perfect that took place in earlier english has continued up to the present day , investigation of the historical corpus shows that this advance has been arrested within the modern english period , to the extent that the present perfect now seems to be losing ground to the preterite , especially in american english . an explanation is offered of why the development in english is so radically different from that observable in french , german and many other languages . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : 100064 . 2307 @ compuserve . com publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
  """",0
  1761,""""Subject: workshop on language and space
   
   alan c . harris , ph . d . telnos : main off : 818-677 - 2853 professor , communication / linguistics direct off : 818-677 - 2874 speech communication department california state university , northridge home : 818-366 - 3165 spch csun fax : 818-677 - 2663 northridge , ca 91330-8257 internet email : alan . harris @ csun . edu www homepage : http : / / www . csun . edu / ~ vcspc005 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = a two-day workshop on july 27-28 , 1997 fourteenth national conference on artificial intelligence aaai-97 providence , rhode island further information contact : patrick olivier ( plo @ aber . ac . uk ) workshop url : http : / / www . aber . ac . uk / ~ plo / aaai-97 / organizing committee kenny coventry ( university of plymouth ) wolfgang maass ( universitdt des saarlandes ) amitabha mukerjee ( indian institute of technology ) patrick olivier ( university of wales , aberystwyth ) michael schober ( new school ) rohini srihari ( cedar , buffalo ) barbara tversky ( stanford university ) laure vieu ( irit , toulouse )
  """",0
  1762,""""Subject: table ronde sur la langue et la litterature yiddish
   
   la jeune equipe syntaxe anglaise et syntaxe comparative et le centre d ' etudes sur les juifs dans les pays anglophones , universite de paris x - nanterre , vous invitent a une table ronde le 12 et 13 juin 1997 , a nanterre , salle des colloques ( c24 ) . la langue et la litterature yiddish - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - programme jeudi 12 juin ( programme majoritairement en francais ) 09 : 30 itzhok niborski ( inalco ) l ' histoire du yiddish dans le cadre de l ' evolution des langues juives : la vision de max weinreich 10 : 30 jerrold m . sadock ( u . of chicago , etats - unis ) possenjidisch : a new source of data concerning the history of yiddish 11 : 30 astrid stark ( u . de haute alsace ) les legendes autour de rabbi juda le pieux et le baal - shem tov 12 : 30 - 14 : 30 dejeuner 14 : 30 delphine bechtel ( u . paris iii ) la guerre des langues entre l ' hebreu et le yiddish 15 : 30 rachel ertel ( u . paris vii ) les avant-gardes yiddish 1905 - 1930 17 : 00 poisie et chants juifs : amphi b2 lisa levy , soprano , dominique parrain , pianiste 18 : 00 reception : bat . l - salle reverdy vendredi 13 juin ( programme en anglais ) 10 : 00 ellen prince ( u . of pennsylvania , etats - unis ) a comparison of yiddish ovs and english osv in discourse 11 : 00 jean - wouter zwart ( u . of groningen , pays - bas ) another look at the syntax of verbs in yiddish 12 : 00 - 14 : 00 dejeuner 14 : 00 gerhardt postma ( u . of leiden , pays - bas ) the nature of the complementizer az in yiddish 15 : 00 hans den besten ( u . d ' amsterdam , pays - bas ) yiddish word order : left and right - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nanterre est sur la ligne a du rer , arret nanterre-universite - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - contact : jacqueline gueron , gueron @ ext . jussieu . fr 200 , avenue de la republique - 92001 nanterre cedex
  """",0
  1763,""""Subject: new books : sociolinguistics
   
   john benjamins publishing would like to call to your attention the following newly published books in the field of sociolinguistics : towards a social science of language . papers in honor of william labov . volume 1 : variation and change in language and society . gregory guy , crawford feagin , john baugh & deborah schiffrin ( eds . ) 1996 xviii , 436 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 127 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 581 8 price : $ 89 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3630 5 price : hfl . 160 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this is a the first of a two-volume collection of original research papers designed to reflect the breadth and depth of the impact that william labov has had on linguistic science . four areas of ' labovian ' linguistics are addressed : first is the study of variation and change ; the papers in sections i and il of the first volume take this as their central theme , with a focus on either the social context and uses of language ( i ) or on the the internal linguistic dynamics of variation and change ( ii ) . the study of african american english , and other language varieties in the americas spoken by people of african descent and influenced by their linguistic heritage , is the subject of the papers in section iii of the first volume . the third theme is the study of discourse ; the papers in section i of the second volume develop themes in labovian linguistics that go back to labov 's work on narrative , descriptive , and therapeutic discourse . fourth is the emphasis on language use , the search for discursive , interactive , and meaningful determinants of the complexity in human communication . papers with these themes appear in section ii of the second volume . towards a social science of language volume 2 : social interaction and discourse structures gregory guy , crawford feagin , deborah schiffrin , john baugh ( eds . ) 1997 xv , 295 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 128 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 582 6 price : us $ 75 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3631 3 price : hfl . 130 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this is a two-volume collection of original research papers designed to reflect the breadth and depth of the impact that william labov has had on linguistic science . four areas of ' labovian ' linguistics are addressed : first is the study of variation and change ; the papers in sections i and ii of the first volume take this as their central theme , with a focus on either the social context and uses of language ( i ) or on the the internal linguistic dynamics of variation and change ( ii ) . the study of african american english , and other language varieties in the americas spoken by people of african descent and influenced by their linguistic heritage , is the subject of the papers in section iii of the first volume . the third theme is the study of discourse ; the papers in section i of the second volume develop themes in labovian linguistics that go back to labov 's work on narrative , descriptive , and therapeutic discourse . fourth is the emphasis on language use , the search for discursive , interactive , and meaningful determinants of the complexity in human communication . papers with these themes appear in section ii of the second volume . contributors volume 2 : charlotte linde ; emanuel a . schegloff ; deborah schiffrin ; anne bower ; marjorie harness goodwin ; barbara m . horvath ; roger w . shuy ; e . judith weiner ; sylvie dubois & david sankoff ; john gumperz ; maria luiza braga & marco antonio de oliveira ; ellen f . prince ; john myhill ; sally boyd ; shana poplack ; benji wald . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - anthony p . schiavo jr tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : tony @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site at http : / / www . benjamins . com
  """",0
  1764,""""Subject: early registration deadline - cimql
   
   workshop in computationally-intensive methods in quantitative linguistics humanities advanced technology and information institute department of statistics university of glasgow , uk 11 , 12 september 1997 early registration please note that the early registration deadline has been extended until 30 june for this workshop . payments received after this date will be subject to a gbp50 increase in the registration fee . to register , complete the form at http : / / www . stats . gla . ac . uk / ~ cimql / regform . html , or download and complete the text version ( regform . txt ) . details of the workshop follow : in recent years techniques from disciplines such as computer science , articficial intelligence and statistics have found their way into the pages of journals such as the journal of quantitative linguistics , literary and linguistic computing and computers and the humanities . while this influx may bring more advanced methods of analysis to the fields of quantitative linguistics , stylometry and stylistics , the demands upon researchers to understand and use these new techniques are great . familiarity with the appropriate software and the ear of a sympathetic expert are pre-requisites without which the technique may seem out of reach to the average researcher . the humanities advanced technology and information institute and the department of statistics of the university of glasgow are hence supporting this practical workshop in computationally - intensive methods in quantitative linguistics . the workshop is designed to introduce the participants to four such techniques in a practical environment . each half-day session will be divided into an introductory session in a lecture theatre and a longer period spent working with software and practical examples . all of the speakers have published papers using the analyses they will present and their aim in this workshop is to enable the participants to return to their home institutions able to carry out these techniques in the course of their own research . the sessions and speakers are as follows : deconstructing texts with electronic dice : monte carlo methods in lexical statistics . harald baayen ; max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen , the netherlands . fitting probability distributions to linguistic data . deductive and explorative methods in synergetic linguistics . reinhard koehler ; university of trier , germany . evolutionary computing and text categorization . richard forsyth ; university of the west of england , bristol , united kingdom . neural nets , principal component analysis , marlowe and shakespeare . thomas merriam ; united kingdom . the workshop will be held in the boyd orr building of the university of glasgow , commencing on wednesday 10 september with a reception in the hunterian art gallery . the four workshop sessions will take place on thursday 11 september and friday 12 september . there will also be a half day to loch lomond and the glen goyne whisky distillery on the morning of saturday 13 september . accommodation has been arranged in university accommodation at a cost of gbp17 . 45 including breakfast . tea and coffee , lunches and evening meals on 11 and 12 september , as well as a drinks reception on 10 september are included in the registration fee . the registration fee is gbp150 . 00 and gbp100 . 00 for students . for more information about the workshop and to register , please consult the web site at http : / / www . stats . gla . ac . uk / ~ cimql , or send email to the conference organisers at cimql @ stats . gla . ac . uk .
  """",0
  1765,""""Subject: confs : ind - arian , indo - iranian and indo - european
   
   this message has been sent to linguist list , indoeuropean , indology and histling apologies for cross-postings ! see . http : / / titus . uni-frankfurt . de / curric / erl - 97b . html - - - - - - - - - - - - - kolloquium der indogermanischen gesellschaft indoarisch , iranisch und die indogermanistik erlangen , 2 . - 5 . oktober 1997 p r o g r a m m donnerstag , 2 . oktober 1997 8 . 45 - 9 . 00 begr | _ ung 9 . 00 - 10 . 00 thomas oberlies ( freiburg i . b . ) : pans zahnl | cken und hermes ' vorliebe f | r backwerk : die gvedische religion und ihre vorldufer 10 . 00 - 10 . 25 manfred mayrhofer ( wien ) : zum etymologikon des nachvedischen altindoarischen 10 . 25 - 10 . 50 rosemarie l | hr ( jena ) : zum modalfeld im altindischen 10 . 50 - 11 . 20 kaffeepause 11 . 20 - 11 . 45 maria kozianka ( jena ) : passivkonstruktionen mit aktivischen endungen im altindischen 11 . 45 - 12 . 10 susanne zeilfelder ( jena ) : prdverben ohne verben im altindischen 12 . 10 - 12 . 35 toshifumi got ( sendai ) : das priesteramt des vasiha und die indoiranische sonnenverehrung - interpretation von rv vii 88 12 . 35 - 13 . 00 junko sakamoto - got ( osaka ) : das jenseits und i-prta - ` die wirkung des geopferten und des geschenkten ' in der vedischen religion m i t t a g s p a u s e 15 . 00 - 16 . 00 konrad klaus ( bochum ) : die srautastras 16 . 00 - 16 . 25 irene balles ( jena ) : die indoiranischen """""""" cvi - bildungen """""""" und ihre deutungen im lichte der typologie 16 . 25 - 16 . 50 lucio melazzo ( palermo ) : die milch der nacht 16 . 50 - 17 . 20 kaffeepause 17 . 20 - 17 . 45 frangois heenen ( wien ) : le disideratif dans le vida 17 . 45 - 18 . 10 agnes korn ( graz ) : streckformen im rigveda 18 . 10 - 18 . 35 karl praust ( wien ) : der se - charakter der wurzel d im veda 18 . 35 - 19 . 00 velizar sadovski - savtchov ( wien ) : die komposita mit prdpositionalem vorderglied im rigveda freitag , 3 . oktober 1997 09 . 00 - 10 . 00 karlheinz kessler ( erlangen ) : der einflu _ des iranischen auf das akkadische der achaimenidenzeit 10 . 00 - 10 . 25 ignacio - javier adiego lajara ( barcelona ) : autour du elatif vieux-perse 10 . 25 - 10 . 50 xavier tremblay ( tournai ) : zum avestischen konsonantismus 10 . 50 - 11 . 20 kaffeepause 11 . 20 - 11 . 45 onofrio carruba ( pavia ) : \ ber die indoarier von mitanni 11 . 45 - 12 . 10 almut hintze ( cambridge ) : die avestische wurzel mad ` messen ' 12 . 10 - 12 . 35 michael janda ( z | rich ) : fesselndes von yima 12 . 35 - 13 . 00 matthias fritz ( berlin ) : eine indoiranische bezeichnung f | r """""""" heiraten """""""" m i t t a g s p a u s e 15 . 00 - 16 . 00 gert klingenschmitt ( regensburg ) : mittelpersisch 16 . 00 - 16 . 25 desmond durkin - meisterernst ( m | nster ) : das parthische verbum 16 . 25 - 16 . 50 nicholas sims - williams ( cambridge ) : the bactrian verbal system 16 . 50 - 17 . 20 kaffeepause 17 . 20 - 17 . 45 f . javier martmnez garcma ( frankfurt / main ) : zur avestischen lautlehre 17 . 45 - 18 . 10 michiel de vaan ( leiden ) : bemerkungen zur handschriftlichen \ berlieferung der yasnas 18 . 10 - 18 . 35 agustm alemany vilamajs ( barcelona ) : wer waren die alanen ? 18 . 35 - 19 . 00 johnny cheung ( leiden ) : same remarks on the ossetic gemination 19 . 30 - 20 . 15 jost gippert ( frankfurt / main ) : indoiranistisches text - retrieval : die neuen elektronischen bearbeitungen altiranischer und vedischer texte samstag , 4 . oktober 1997 9 . 00 - 10 . 00 michael witzel ( harvard ) : die sprachliche situation in nordindien in vedischer zeit 10 . 00 - 10 . 25 alexander lubotsky ( leiden ) : the vedic root v ` to cover ' and its present 10 . 25 - 10 . 50 martin k | mmel ( freiburg i . b . ) : der aorist der wurzel ( n ) ar im indoiranischen 10 . 50 - 11 . 20 kaffeepause 11 . 20 - 11 . 45 georges - jean pinault ( paris ) : sur l ' interpritation des comparaisons vidiques 11 . 45 - 12 . 10 stefan schaffner ( regensburg ) : altindisch amnas 12 . 10 - 12 . 35 katharina kupfer ( w | rzburg ) : kopula - und nominalsdtze im rigveda 12 . 35 - 13 . 00 norbert oettinger ( augsburg ) : zu pan - und m i t t a g s p a u s e 15 . 00 - 16 . 00 oskar von hin | ber ( freiburg i . b . ) : spurensuche im vedischen : mittelindisches im altindischen 16 . 00 - 16 . 25 wolfram euler ( m | nchen ) : der met - rauschtrank oder delikatesse der indogermanen ? \ berlegungen zur bedeutungsvielfalt von indoiran . * madhu 16 . 25 - 16 . 50 leonid i . kulikov ( leiden ) : the vedic type syati revisited 16 . 50 - 17 . 20 kaffeepause 17 . 20 - 17 . 45 josi luis garcma ramsn ( kvln ) : indoiranische wurzelprdsentia und iterative aktionsart 17 . 45 - 18 . 10 caroline aan de wiel ( halle / saale ) : dy > jy , oder prkritismus im rigveda ? 18 . 10 - 18 . 35 reinhard stempel ( bonn ) : armenisch und indoiranisch 18 . 35 - 19 . 00 j | rgen lehmann ( w | rzburg ) : die rigvedische somapflanze war weder gr | ne pflanze noch pilz : sicht eines entomologen anschlie _ end : gemeinsamer abend in der evangelischen studentengemeinde sonntag , 5 . oktober 1997 9 . 00 - 9 . 25 sektion a : hisashi miyakawa ( erlangen ) : ab 5 , 14 , 2 nihv-a - avavadit , nih-va - avavadit 9 . 25 - 9 . 50 sektion a : oleg poljakov ( vilnius ) : einige fragen der idg . akzentologie 9 . 00 - 9 . 50 sektion b : peter raulwing / robert oberheid ( bonn ) : der kikkuli - text und die rolle der indoarier im altorientalischen fuhrwesen - einige bemerkungen zu neueren hippologischen und philologischen interpretationen sektionen a und b : 9 . 50 - 10 . 15 frank bernhauer ( m | nchen ) : syntaktische besonderheiten bei vergleichskonstruktionen im vedischen 10 . 15 - 10 . 40 n . alberto cantera glera ( salamanca ) : iranisch * xan - und germanisch * swin ~ a - 10 . 40 - 11 . 00 pause 11 . 00 - 11 . 25 birgit anette olsen ( kopenhagen ) : the pie background of the types dev and vk 11 . 25 - 11 . 50 jens elmegerd rasmussen ( kopenhagen ) : zur vorgeschichte des plusquamperfekts 11 . 50 - 12 . 15 robert plath ( erlangen ) : indoiranische miszellen 12 . 15 - 12 . 40 bernhard forssman ( erlangen ) : zu yast 8 , 40 12 . 40 - 12 . 50 schlu _ wort , verabschiedung tagungsraum : hvrsaal c , philosophisches seminargebdude ii , kochstra _ e 4 ( eingang hindenburgstra _ e ) der tagungsort von sektion b am sonntag ( 5 . 10 . 1997 , 9 . 00 - 9 . 50 uhr ) wird noch bekanntgegeben . bureau / contacting address : institut f | r vergleichende indogermanische sprachwissenschaft kochstra _ e 4 d-91054 erlangen - n | rnberg tel : + 49-9131 - 85-9376 oder - 85-2404 fax : + 49-9131 - 85-6390 email : p2indog @ phil . uni-erlangen . de
  """",0
  1766,""""Subject: sociolinguistics symposium 12 update
   
   sociolinguistics symposium 12 at the institute of education university of london 20 bedford way london wc1 from thursday 26th march ( mid-day ) to saturday 28th march ( mid-day ) 1998 summary programme plenaries colloquia papers in parallel sessions short ' work in progress ' reports poster presentations publishers displays social events british sign language interpretation available to ss12 participants who request this in advance . academic organising committee professor jenny cheshire , queen mary & westfield college , university of london ; professor jennifer coates , roehampton institute london ; dr penelope gardner - chloros , birkbeck college , university of london ; dr ben rampton & celia roberts , thames valley university ; euan reid , institute of education , university of london . ; professor brian street , king 's college , university of london . plenaries the following speakers have accepted invitations to give plenary presentations : titles are in some cases provisional , as they are for the colloquia listed below . professor jan blommaert ( university of antwerp / international pragmatics association ) : reconstructing the sociolinguistic image of africa : grassroots writing in shaba , congo . professor debbie cameron ( university of strathclyde , glasgow ) , good to talk ? the discourse and practice of communication skills . professor penny eckert ( stanford university ) variation , style & identity . professor susan gal ( university of chicago ) language ideologies and linguistic boundaries : the semiotics of differentiation . colloquia will include the following maintaining indigenous languages , with special reference to latin america - state planning vs grass - roots initiatives : jane freeland ( portsmouth ) & rosaleen howard - malverde ( liverpool ) contact : jane . freeland @ port . ac . uk speech representation & institutional discourse : stef slembrouck ( gent ) & mike baynham ( sydney ) contact : stef . slembrouck @ rug . ac . be the sociolinguistics of computer - mediated communication : simeon yates ( open university ) contact : s . j . yates @ open . ac . uk oral narratives across contexts & cultures shoshana blum - kulka ( hebrew university , jerusalem ) & alexandra georgakopolou ( king 's college , london ) contacts : . mskcusb @ pluto . mscc . huji . ac . il or alexandra . georgakopoulou @ kcl . ac . uk . the organisers are also discussing further ideas for colloquia on gerontolinguistics , on the sociolinguistics of sign languages , on language & multimodality , on academic literacies , on language & sexuality and on code - mixing and code - switching . in all cases we are encouraging maximum interactivity , and openness to unsolicited contributions . contact ben . rampton @ tvu . ac . uk further details on programme we intend to complete the programme-planning as far as we can by mid - november 1997 , and to let speakers have details at that time . the full programme will then be sent by post to all registered participants , along with local travel details , by january 1998 . [ the text of this posting is also available in printed form from our conference office - see below . ] our website will be set up in the next few days , and will be updated regularly with programme and participant details : http : / / www . ioe . ac . uk / ccs / ss12 call for papers the academic organising committee invites offers of papers in any area of sociolinguistics . our intention for ss12 is to accept rather fewer papers than at some recent meetings in the series . the offers should indicate clearly if they are for the regular 35 - minute slots ( ' papers ' : where presenters will be encouraged to speak for no more than c20 minutes , leaving c15 minutes for questions and discussion ) , for the shorter 15 minute slots ( ' reports ' on work in progress ) , for ' colloquia ' where preliminary contact should have been made with convenors , or for ' posters ' , where a specified display space , and if necessary time-slot will be offered . the criteria for selection will be : originality , significance , estimated contribution to conceptual development of the field , lucidity . all submissions , ( except those for the colloquia , which we need by 31st july 1997 ) should arrive at our conference office by 31st august 1997 they will be reviewed anonymously by members of the committee during september and october 1997 , with the help of colloquium convenors where appropriate . how to submit proposals send 2 copies by post ( not email , please ) : one of these only should have your name , address etc on it . your proposal should consist of the following ( i ) the title of the abstract , along with up to 5 keywords ; ( ii ) the category of proposal you are making : either a 35 minute paper for one of the parallel sessions , a 15 minute report on work in progress , a contribution to one of the colloquia , or a poster presentation : the organisers may propose that your presentation be included in a different category . ( iii ) an abstract of 200-300 words , strictly limited to one double-spaced page ; ( iv ) on one copy only all of the above , with , in addition : author 's name , postal address , telephone & fax numbers , and email address wherever available ; where a private address is given , also indicate your institutional affiliation , and your status - academic staff , student , other . all of the above should be sent , separate from any administrative or registration enquiries , to the conference officer , institute of education , 20 bedford way , london wc1h oal . please mark the outside of the envelope ' ss12 abstract ' , and send it in good time to meet our submission receipt deadlines of 31st july 1997 ( for colloquia papers ) or 31st august 1997 ( everything else ) . costs early symposium fee - 120 pounds sterling ( for bookings received by december 31 , 1997 ) standard symposium fee - 140 pounds sterling late symposium fee - 160 pounds sterling ( for bookings received after february 27 , 1998 ) student / unwaged symposium fee - 95 pounds sterling ( on production of satisfactory evidence of status , and only for bookings received by december 31 ) day symposium fees thursday 26th march - 45 pounds sterling friday 27th march - 90 pounds sterling saturday 28th march - 45 pounds sterling . late & day bookings are subject to availability of places after the standard booking period ends on february 27 1998 . scholarships a limited number of scholarships is available , on a competitive basis , for students whose papers are accepted at ss12 . these scholarships will cover the conference fee & accommodation costs for two nights in the student hall of residence , if you do n't live in london . you will need to find travel costs from other sources . submit your abstract in the usual way , but add a letter indicating that you wish to apply for a scholarship , with a supporting letter from the institution where you are studying . registration the form below is only about registration for the symposium itself , administered by the institute of education 's conference office payment of the appropriate symposium fee is obligatory , and will entitle you to all documents for the meeting ( programme , abstracts of papers , participants list ) , and to a badge giving admission to sessions , tea / coffee etc at breaks , and buffet lunches . conference registration form please complete the following , either returning it electronically to the conference office ( c . bird @ ioe . ac . uk ) , or printing it off and sending it with your sterling cheque . insert the personal details as you would like them to appear on the participants ' list & on the ss12 badge we shall prepare for you . enter one person only on each form : your title : ( mr / ms / dr / prof / . . . . . ) your family name : your other name ( s ) : your institution & departmental address : phone and fax numbers for communication ( say if work or private ) : your email address : address for correspondence if different from your institution : please reserve a conference place for me : date of booking . . . . . either for the whole meeting @ early discount rate of 120 pounds or @ standard rate of 140 pounds or @ late rate of 160 pounds or for one or two days thursday 26 / 3 @ 45 pounds friday 27 / 3 @ 90 pounds saturday 28 / 3 @ 45 pounds completed registration formson paper , and sterling cheques ( non-sterling cheques add 10 % please ) payable to ' institute of education - ss12 ' , should be sent to the conference office ( ss12 ) , institute of education , 20 bedford way , london wc1h 0al , uk . booking enquiries can be made to the conference officer there , cathy bird ( c . bird @ ioe . ac . uk ) , tel : + 44 . 171 . 612 . 6017 . . . . fax : + 44 . 171 . 612 . 6402 . she will also pass on academic enquiries . accommodation bookings can be made through hotelscene , a reservation service offering discounted accommodation with a range of hotels etc within a few minutes walk from the institute of education in the bloomsbury district of london . hotelscene information will be sent on receipt of registration forms . single room and breakfast prices will be from about 20 pounds per night in a student hall of residence , to about 100 pounds per night in a first class hotel , less per head in double rooms . euan reid culture , communication and societies institute of education university of london 20 bedford way london wc1h 0al tel : + 44 171 612 6524 / fax : + 44 171 612 6177
  """",0
  1767,""""Subject: conf on maritime terminology
   
   dear colleague , next year , the brussels - based college for interpreters and translators ( isti ) is hosting the first international conference on maritime terminology . the conference is intended to provide a forum for scholars , experts and professionals to present their views and exchange ideas on a shared interest . for more details , please visit our special website at http : / / www . refer . fr / termisti / nauterm / nauten . htm . i should appreciate it if you could provide a link-up in your website . furthermore , if you know of any other organization or institution that should be alerted to the conference please drop me an email . i look forward to hearing from you ! yours sincerely , marc van campenhoudt - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - prof . dr . marc van campenhoudt centre de recherche termisti institut superieur de traducteurs et interpretes ( isti ) 34 , rue joseph hazard b-1180 brussels belgium t = e9l . : + 32 . 2 . 346 . 26 . 41 fax : + 32 . 2 . 346 . 21 . 34 marc . van . campenhoudt @ euronet . be termisti @ euronet . be http : / / www . refer . fr / termisti / termisti . htm iii iiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iiiiiiiiiiiii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iiiiiiiiiiiii iii iii
  """",0
  1768,""""Subject: 5th intl . conf . conceptual structures
   
   c a l l f o r p a r t i c i p a t i o n fifth international conference on conceptual structures fulfilling peirce 's dream august 4 - 8 , 1997 university of washington seattle washington usa . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - keynote address peirce 's graphs - jay zeman a pragmatic understanding of """""""" knowing that """""""" and """""""" knowing how """""""" : the pivotal role of conceptual structures - daniel m . rochowiak a peircean foundation for the theory of contexts - john f . sowa the corali project : from conceptual graphs to conceptual graphs via labelled graphs - michel chein knowledge representation contexts : a formal definition of worlds of assertions - guy w . mineau , and olivier gerbe positive nested conceptual graphs - michel chein and marie - laure mugnier a different perspective on canonicity - michel wermelinger aggregations in conceptual graphs - william m . tepfenhart the representation of semantic constraints in conceptual graph systems - guy w . mineau , and rokia missaoui representation of defaults and exceptions in conceptual graphs formalism - catherine faron , and jean - gabriel ganascia introduction of viewpoints in conceptual graph formalism - myriam ribiere , and rose dieng knowlledge engineering task - dependent aspects of knowledge acquisition : a case study in a technical domain - galia angelova and kalina bontcheva uncovering the conceptual models in ripple down rule kbs - debbie richards and paul compton knowledge modeling using annotated flow chart - robert kremer , dickson lukose , and brian gaines knowledge modeling complex modeling constructs in model-ecs - dickson lukose modeling cause and effect in legal text - judith p . dick information systems modeling with cgs logic - ryszard raban modeling and simulating human behaviors with conceptual graphs - corinne bos , bernard botella , and philippe vanheeghe formal concept analysis conceptual graphs and formal concept analysis - rudolf wille on a triadic diagram representing three gosphels - klaus biedermann concept exploration - a tool for creating and exploring conceptual hierarchies - gerd stumme logical scaling in formal concept analysis - susanne prediger organization of knowledge using order factors - gerard ellis and stephen callaghan formal reasoning c . s . peirce and the quest for gamma graphs - peter oehrstroem sound and complete proof procedure for conceptual graphs combining projections with analytic tableaux - gwen kerdiles and eric salvat fuzzy unification and resolution proof procedure for fuzzy conceptual graph programs - tru h . cao , peter n . creasy and vilas wuwongse reasoning with type definitions - michel leclere universal marker and functional relation : semantics and operations - tru h . cao , and peter n . creasy animating conceptual graphs - ryszard raban and harry s . delugach accounting for domain knowledge in the construction of a generalization space - isabelle bournaud and jean - gabriel ganascia rational and affective linking across conceptual cases - without rules - graham a . mann conceptual graphs for corporate knowledge repositories - olivier gerbe applications of conceptual graphs an experiment in document retrieval using conceptual graphs - david genest and michel chein port : a testbed paradigm for knowledge processing in the humanities - mary keeler , leroy searle , and christian kloesel using access paths to guide inference with conceptual graphs - peter clark and bruce porter applying conceptual graph theory to the user - driven specification of network information systems - aldo de moor generic trading service in telecommunication platforms - arno puder , and k . romer assessing sowa 's conceptual graphs for effective strategic management decisions , based on a comparative study with eden 's cognitive mapping - simon polovina conceptual graph tools cgkat : a knowledge acquisition and retrieval tool using structured documents and ontologies - philippe martin the webkb set of tools - philippe martin deakin toolset : conceptual graphs based knowledge acquisition , managment , and processing tools - brian garner , eric tsui , and dickson lukose egp : extendible graph processor - eric tsui , brian garner , and dickson lukose cgkee : conceptual graph knowledge engineering environment - dickson lukose menu - based interfaces to conceptual graphs : the cglex approach - galia angelova , svetlana damyanova , kristina toutanova , and kalina bontcheva knowledge extractor : a tool for extracting knowledge from text - walling r . cyre the cg mars lander - gil fuchs and robert levinson pccg : an operational tracked grid for creating conceptual graphs - randy p . wolf and harry s . delugach - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration form iccs ' 97 international conference on conceptual structures please complete in full and return to iccs ' 97 by email to : lsearle @ u . washington . edu you must also post a signed registration form together with your payment to the center for the humanities , university of washington . cheque must be made payable to the university of washington . please print or type . first name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ last name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ company or affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zip or postal code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ daytime telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conference fee the conference registration fee include the following : o morning and afternoon tea for 5 days o lunch for 5 days 0 boeing tour o salmon bbq on wednesday august 6th , 1997 o conference banquet on thursday august 7th , 1997 o conference proceedings ( lnai ) o registration to the cgtools workshop before after june 30th , 1997 june 30th , 1997 _ _ regular registration : $ 375 $ 475 _ _ student registration : $ 175 $ 200 _ _ single day registration : $ 100 $ 100 _ _ additional tour & salmon bbq ticket $ 25 $ 25 _ _ additional banquet ticket $ 30 $ 30 ( students must send legible proof of full-time student status ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tutorial fee before after june 30th , 1997 june 30th , 1997 sunday august 3rd , 1997 ( morning ) _ _ an historical view of peirce $ 50 $ 100 _ _ formal concept analysis $ 50 $ 100 sunday august 3rd , 1997 ( afternoon ) _ _ formal reasoning with cg $ 50 $ 100 _ _ gamma graphs - the modal part of $ 50 $ 100 existential graphs ( note : if you are registering for two tutorials , then the cost of the second tutorial is only $ 25 ) . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conference accommodation information you should make your own arrangements for accommodation and all payments for accommodation should be made directly to the accommodation providers . we have reserved over 100 rooms at the dormitory housing , motels , and hotels . check out the following url for more details on conference accommodation : http : / / www . cs . uah . edu / ~ iccs97 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total fee ( registration , tutorials , and extra charges for banquet and / or barbecue . payments for housing must be made separately . ) total fee : ( please enter correct amount ) $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ method of payment ( please mark """""""" x """""""" your method of payment ) ( all email and fax registrations must be accompanied by credit card information . ) _ _ american express _ _ mastercard _ _ visa _ _ cheque credit card account number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name as it appears on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( disclaimer : when you email or fax us this registration form , your credit card number is sent as open text and may not be secure . ) refunds requests for refunds must be received in writing by june 30th , 1997 . no refunds will be granted after this date . a $ 25 . 00 processing fee will be levied on all refunds granted . there are no refunds for paper authors ( technical papers and extended abstract for cgtools ) . special request _ _ special dietary needs : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ special access for wheelchair : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ please note : registration cannot be processed if information is incomplete or illegible . please mail completed form with your payment to : iccs ' 97 c / o professor leroy searle center for the humanities box 353910 , seatle , wa 98195 university of washington , usa fax : ( 206 ) 685-4080 thank you for your registration !
  """",0
  1769,""""Subject: machine translation
   
   mt summit vi : """""""" machine translation : past , present , future """""""" catamaran resort hotel san diego , 29 october-1 november 1997 a once - in-a - lifetime opportunity no serious mt - ite can afford to miss mt summit vi in san diego next october . hosted by the association for machine translation in the americas ( amta ) on behalf of the international association for machine translation ( iamt ) , this year 's summit coincides with the 50th anniversary of machine translation . the celebration will be truly memorable . amta and its cooperating host institution , the information sciences institute / university of southern california , take great pleasure in inviting you to join us in commemorating this event . schedule the following schedule gives an overview of the events that have been planned : tuesday , 28 october : 12 - hour excursion to ensenada ; all-day workshops wednesday , 29 october : 3 - hour tutorials in morning and afternoon ; registration ; opening of exhibits / reception , 6 : 30 p . m . thursday , 30 october : plenary and parallel sessions , 9 : 00 a . m . - 5 : 30 p . m . ; exhibits , 10 : 30 - 5 : 30 p . m . ; boat cruise , 6 : 00 - 7 : 30 p . m . ; beach luau , 7 : 30 p . m . friday , 31 october : plenary and parallel sessions , 9 : 00 a . m . - 5 : 30 p . m . ; exhibits , 10 : 30 - 5 : 30 p . m . ; banquet , boat leaves at 6 : 30 p . m . saturday , 1 november : plenary and parallel sessions , 9 : 00 a . m . - 5 : 30 p . m . ; exhibits , 10 : 30 - 3 : 00 p . m . the program a rich menu of invited talks , submitted papers , and theater-style system presentations , together with a panel that will reunite early mt pioneers , will give special meaning to the conference 's theme , """""""" machine translation : past , present , and future . """""""" in a format combining both plenary and parallel sessions , the three - day program , including all day saturday , covers the trajectory of mt across the decades from the perspective of researchers , developers , and users . the session topics , to be addressed by experts from around the world , include : early mt history current state of mt mt r&d around the world the shape of commercial mt systems production mt the market perspective what do users need ? whither mt ? parallel to these main topics will be a second track of sessions that will include submitted papers and live system presentations in a theater-style setting . all sessions will be audiotaped , and copies of the tapes will be available for purchase on-site shortly after each session ends . tutorials and workshops on wednesday , 29 october , participants are offered a selection of four 3 - hour tutorials : morning , 9-12 a . m . """""""" a gentle introduction to mt : theory and current practice """""""" - eduard hovy """""""" making mt work for you """""""" - marjorie le = a2n afternoon , 2 - 5 p . m . """""""" mt evaluation : old , new , and recycled """""""" - john white """""""" postediting mt : strategies and methods """""""" - karin spalink in addition , two workshops-one on the subject of interlinguas and the other on standardization-are being offered on tuesday , 28 october , outside the framework of the conference for attendees who wish to come a day earlier . there will be a nominal charge . those interested should contact the organizers directly . steve helmreich ( shelmrei @ crl . nmsu . edu ) is coordinating the workshop on interlinguas , and alan melby ( melbya @ byu . edu ) is responsible for the one on standards . exhibits in addition to the theater-style system presentations in the regular program , throughout the conference mt developers will also be showcasing their latest breakthroughs in the exhibit hall . exhibits coordinator kim belvin ( kbelvin @ ucsd . edu ) has put out a call for exhibitors and is expecting a record-breaking array of products and systems . this will be """""""" one-stop shopping """""""" at its best for all mt - ites , whether their interest is in purchasing or licensing mt systems or in viewing , understanding , and comparing them . there will also be tabletop exhibit space , available at a lower fee , for publishers and nonprofit research groups . anyone interested in exhibiting should contact kim at the e-mail address above as soon as possible because booths will be assigned on a first-come , first-served basis and there may not be enough room for all who want to exhibit . related events because of the celebratory nature of this year 's summit , a number of other exciting activities will be rounding out the rest of the conference schedule . an all-day excursion to ensenada , a major mexican seaport and tourist center , is planned for tuesday , 28 october . this spectacular 50 - mile ride down the baja california coast will include a stop at rosarito beach ; a typical mexican lunch at a restaurant with breathtaking views ; a tour of ensenada followed by time for shopping , wine-tasting , museum-going , or strolling ; and an elegant gourmet dinner by the ocean at sunset-all this for us $ 65 . 00 . tutorials and registration will take place all day wednesday , 29 october , and the conference proper will open with the 50th anniversary reception at 6 : 30 p . m . in the exhibit area . the reception is complimentary , sponsored in part by logos corporation . box lunches will be available during the three days of the conference . tickets for the three lunches may be purchased for a total of us $ 18 . 00 . on the morning of thursday , 30 october , there will be a welcome breakfast for participants ' spouses or other traveling companions , at which time they will be given suggestions of various things to do in the san diego area . thursday evening will be a double-header . at 6 : 00 p . m . the hotel 's magnificently detailed triple-deck sternwheeler , the """""""" wm . d . evans , """""""" will take participants and their companions on a complimentary cruise of mission bay , sponsored in part by systran software . during the cruise the entertainment will include drawings for our exciting mt - oriented raffle ( see separate story ) , to be emceed by bill fry . on disembarkation at 7 : 30 p . m . there will be a hawaiian luau on the beach ( us $ 20 . 00 per person ) . finally , the banquet ( us $ 50 . 00 per person ) will be held on friday , 31 october , on the top floor of the bahia hotel , a sister property of the catamaran , also on mission bay . this site was chosen for its spectacular nighttime views stretching to mexico in the south and la jolla in the north . transportation will be provided on the """""""" bahia belle , """""""" the hotel 's smaller sternwheeler . later in the evening the """""""" bahia belle """""""" opens to the public with a live band and dancing ; those returning from the banquet may choose to remain on board at no extra cost and continue to cruise around the bay . site and accommodations the catamaran resort hotel is a tropical paradise wedged between its own beach on mission bay and the public boardwalk and pacific ocean just a few steps away . its conference center is perfect for mt summit vi , with bright airy rooms open to terraces , gardens , patios , and the beach on the bay . the hotel has a pool , jacuzzi , fitness center , and business center . bicycles , skates , and various types of boats are available for rent . the immediate vicinity offers many shops and restaurants as well as grocery stores and carry-outs . hotel parking passes are available at a special conference rate of us $ 10 for three nights . the guest rooms are luxuriously appointed , all with doors opening onto either a terrace or a balcony . the special conference rates are us $ 99 . 00 for an interior garden view and us $ 109 . 00 for a view of the bay or ocean . rooms in the tower have kitchenettes and sweeping views . participants should make their reservations directly with the catamaran - in the u . s . : + 1 800 / 288-0770 ; from canada : 800 / 233 - 8172 ; from elsewhere : + 1 619 / 488-1081 ; fax : + 1 619 / 488-1619 . neither space nor rates can be guaranteed after 28 september , so make your reservation early ! get there for less ! conventions in america , the summit 's official travel agency , offers discounts on american airlines and alamo rent a car and lowest available fares on any airline . call + 1 800 / 929-4242 in the united states and canada or + 1 619 / 453-3686 from elsewhere ; fax + 1 619 / 453-7976 ; or e-mail flycia @ scitravel . com . be sure to mention group # 547 . additional information complete registration packets were mailed at the beginning of june to members of aamt , amta , and eamt , including the preliminary program flier , hotel registration form , and assorted other fliers . if you are not a member of one of the regional associations , you may obtain this packet by contacting the mt summit vi registrar : phone / fax : + 1 703 / 716-0912 ; e-mail : amta @ clark . net . you may also register on-line at this website . coordinates general chair muriel vasconcellos president , iamt phone : + 1 619 / 272-3360 fax : + 1 619 / 272-3361 e - mail : murielvasconcellos @ compuserve . com program chair winfield scott bennett logos corporation phone : + 1 201 / 398-8710 x 104 fax : + 1 201 / 398-6102 e - mail : wsben @ ibm . net local arrangements chair laurie gerber systran software phone : + 1 619 / 459-6700 x 119 fax : + 1 619 / 459-8487 e - mail : lgerber @ systransoft . com exhibits coordinator kim belvin phone : + 1 619 / 481-8446 fax : + 1 619 / 350-8613 e - mail : kbelvin @ ucsd . edu registrar deborah becker amta / iamt focal point phone / fax : + 703 / 716-0912 e - mail : amta @ clark . net
  """",0
  1770,""""Subject: final call : acl ' 97 / eacl ' 97 workshop on anaphora resolution
   
   final call for registration and programme _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ acl ' 97 / eacl ' 97 workshop 11 july , 1997 madrid , spain operational factors in practical , robust anaphora resolution for unrestricted texts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ this workshop has a dual focus . it promotes work which addresses the practical requirements of operational and robust anaphora resolution components . it also seeks to investigate the role of , and interactions among , the various factors in anaphora resolution : in particular those that scale well , or that translate easily to knowledge-poor environments . programme = = = = = = = = = = = 8 . 30 - 9 . 00 on - site registration ( if places are still available ) morning session i 9 . 00 - 9 . 15 opening remarks : ruslan mitkov and branimir boguraev 9 . 15 - 9 . 40 massimo poesio , renata vieira , simone teufel - resolving bridging references in unrestricted text 9 . 40-10 . 05 tatsunori mori , mamoru matsuo , hiroshi nakagawa - constraints and defaults of zero pronouns in japanese instruction manuals 10 . 05-10 . 30 ruslan mitkov - factors in anaphora resolution : they are not the only things that matter a case study based on two different approaches . 10 . 30-11 . 00 coffee break morning session ii 11 . 00-11 . 25 megumi kameyama - recognizing referential links : an information extraction perspective 11 . 25-11 . 50 kevin humphreys , robert gaizauskas , saliha azzam - event coreference for information extraction 11 . 50-12 . 15 breck baldwin - cogniac : high precision coreference with limited knowledge and linguistic resources 12 . 15-12 . 40 roland stuckardt - resolving anaphoric references on deficient syntactic descriptions 12 . 40-13 . 05 hiromi nakaiwa - automatic extraction of rules for anaphora resolution of japanese zero pronouns from aligned sentence pairs 13 . 05-15 . 15 lunch afternoon session i 15 . 15-15 . 40 sabine bergler - towards reliable partial anaphora resolution 15 . 40-16 . 05 marco rocha - supporting anaphor resolution in dialogues with a corpus-based probabilistic model 16 . 05-16 . 30 tony mcenery , izumi tanaka , simon botley - corpus annotation and reference resolution 16 . 30-17 . 00 coffee break afternoon session 2 17 . 00-17 . 20 ruslan mitkov - how far are we from ( semi - ) automatic annotation of anaphoric links in corpora ? 17 . 20-17 . 40 andrei popescu - belis , isabelle robba - cooperation between pronoun and reference resolution for unrestricted texts 17 . 40-18 . 30 panel """""""" future directions in anaphora resolution """""""" aravind joshi , megumi kameyama , breck baldwin , michael strube , ruslan mitkov registration = = = = = = = = = = = = = the registration fee for the workshop is 60 us dollars and includes a copy of the proceedings , lunch and refreshments . participants can pre-register ( please use the registration form below ) or register on site . given the limit on the number of workshop participants , pre-registration is recommended . ( pre - registration will proceed on a first-come , first-served basis ) . please note that according to the acl rules , workshop participants must register for the main conference as well . please fax your registration form ( do not forget to sign ) before friday , 4 july to acl phone + 1-908 - 873-3898 priscilla rasmussen fax + 1-908 - 873-0014 p . o . box 6090 acl @ bellcore . com somerset , nj 08875 , usa and an email a copy of it to r . mitkov @ wlv . ac . uk if places are available , on-site registration will take place between 8 . 30 and 9 . 00 am on the day of the workshop ( 11 july ) . registration form acl ' 97 / eacl ' 97 workshop 11 july , 1997 madrid , spain operational factors in practical , robust anaphora resolution for unrestricted texts name : address : affiliation : ( for badge ) telephone , fax : email address : registration fee 60 ( sixty ) us dollars [ ] visa or mastercard : number : expiry date ( month , year ) name as it appears on card : i wish to pay the sum of 60 us dollars . signature : workshop organisers = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ruslan mitkov school of languages and european studies university of wolverhampton stafford st . wolverhampton wv1 1sb united kingdom tel ( 44-1902 ) 322471 email r . mitkov @ wlv . ac . uk branimir k . boguraev apple research laboratories apple computer , inc . one infinite loop , ms : 301-3s cupertino , ca 95014 usa tel : ( 1-408 ) 974 1048 email : bkb @ research . apple . com further information = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = for further information concerning the workshop , please contact the organisers . to see the original call for papers , visit http : / / www . cs . columbia . edu / ~ acl / finstring . html # anaphora for information about the main acl ' 97 / eacl ' 97 conference , see http : / / horacio . ieec . uned . es / cl97 / . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ruslan mitkov school of languages and european studies university of wolverhampton stafford st wolverhampton wv1 1sb united kingdom tel ( 44-1902 ) 322471 fax ( 44-1902 ) 322739 email r . mitkov @ wlv . ac . uk - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  1771,""""Subject: workshop in computationally-intensive methods in quantitative linguistics
   
   humanist discussion group , vol . 11 , no . 125 . centre for computing in the humanities , king 's college london < http : / / www . princeton . edu / ~ mccarty / humanist / > < http : / / www . kcl . ac . uk / humanities / cch / humanist / > workshop in computationally-intensive methods in quantitative linguistics humanities advanced technology and information institute department of statistics university of glasgow , uk 11 , 12 september 1997 early registration please note that the early registration deadline has been extended until 30 june for this workshop . payments received after this date will be subject to a gbp50 increase in the registration fee . to register , complete the form at http : / / www . stats . gla . ac . uk / ~ cimql / regform . html , or download and complete the text version ( regform . txt ) . details of the workshop follow : in recent years techniques from disciplines such as computer science , articficial intelligence and statistics have found their way into the pages of journals such as the journal of quantitative linguistics , literary and linguistic computing and computers and the humanities . while this influx may bring more advanced methods of analysis to the fields of quantitative linguistics , stylometry and stylistics , the demands upon researchers to understand and use these new techniques are great . familiarity with the appropriate software and the ear of a sympathetic expert are pre-requisites without which the technique may seem out of reach to the average researcher . the humanities advanced technology and information institute and the department of statistics of the university of glasgow are hence supporting this practical workshop in computationally - intensive methods in quantitative linguistics . the workshop is designed to introduce the participants to four such techniques in a practical environment . each half-day session will be divided into an introductory session in a lecture theatre and a longer period spent working with software and practical examples . all of the speakers have published papers using the analyses they will present and their aim in this workshop is to enable the participants to return to their home institutions able to carry out these techniques in the course of their own research . the sessions and speakers are as follows : deconstructing texts with electronic dice : monte carlo methods in lexical statistics . harald baayen ; max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen , the netherlands . fitting probability distributions to linguistic data . deductive and explorative methods in synergetic linguistics . reinhard koehler ; university of trier , germany . evolutionary computing and text categorization . richard forsyth ; university of the west of england , bristol , united kingdom . neural nets , principal component analysis , marlowe and shakespeare . thomas merriam ; united kingdom . the workshop will be held in the boyd orr building of the university of glasgow , commencing on wednesday 10 september with a reception in the hunterian art gallery . the four workshop sessions will take place on thursday 11 september and friday 12 september . there will also be a half day to loch lomond and the glen goyne whisky distillery on the morning of saturday 13 september . accommodation has been arranged in university accommodation with some en suite facilities . tea and coffee , lunches and evening meals on 11 and 12 september are included in the registration fee . the registration fee is gbp150 . 00 and gbp100 . 00 for students . for more information about the workshop and to register , please consult the web site at http : / / www . stats . gla . ac . uk / ~ cimql , or send email to the conference organisers at cimql @ stats . gla . ac . uk .
  """",0
  1772,""""Subject: endangered languages workshop
   
   the foundation for endangered languages is pleased to announce its first workshop , entitled """""""" steps in language rescue """""""" . it will take place at the university of york on the week-end of 26 and 27 july this year . programme saturday 2 . 00 - 2 . 30 arrival , any late registration 2 . 30 - 2 . 40 introduction to the foundation for endangered languages fel committee session i 2 . 40 - 3 . 10 endangered language policy in india mahendra verma 3 . 10 - 3 . 40 the situation of the berber languages in north africa farid aitsiselmi 3 . 40 - 4 . 10 script groups and their use in particular areas john clews session ii 4 . 30 - 5 . 00 izhorian ( estonia / sweden ) : is language revival possible ? ilya s . nikolaev 5 . 00 - 5 . 30 issues in standardisation for the tsimshian language of the american north west tonya nicole stebbins 5 . 30 - 6 . 00 an overview of endangered languages in brunei darussalam peter martin - break for dinner , followed by agm and general meeting of the foundation sunday session iii 9 . 00 - 9 . 30 language revival : the case of irish in belfast alison henry 9 . 30 - 10 . 00 gaelic as an endangered language : problems and prospects kenneth mackinnon session iv 10 . 30 - 11 . 00 planning for kurdish language and linguistics siamak rezaei durroei 11 . 00 - 11 . 30 big oil and the threat to minority languages by the andes nicholas ostler 11 . 30 - 12 . 00 final discussion and round - up of policy pointers noon - - lunch and departures - - non - members of the foundation are very welcome to attend , though of course it will be possible to join on site . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * registration for york workshop """""""" steps in language rescue """""""" 26-27 july , 1997 the conference will take place in the university of york , and accommodation has been arranged in derwent college , near campus . the university of york is located south of the medieval walled city of york , a comfortable walking distance from the railway . alternatively , bus number 4 or 5 can be caught from the station , getting off at the derwent college stop . accomodation o with 30 pounds o without 20 pounds an ensuite shower and w . c . ; meals o on saturday night 7 pounds o on sunday at lunch 6 pounds ( let us know of any dietary or other requirements you might have ) registration fees o unwaged ( e . g . students , unemployed ) 10 pounds o standard 20 pounds ( please provide some evidence / confirmation if you apply at the lower rate . ) total : _ _ _ pounds please send form to : dr mahendra verma , membership secretary fel , language & linguistic science , univ . york , york yo1 5dd , england it will also be possible to register in person at the door . however , if you plan to do this , it would help if you inform us in advance . dr verma 's e-mail address is : mkv1 @ york . ac . uk ( mahendra verma ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nicholas ostler managing director president linguacubun ltd foundation for endangered languages http : / / www . bris . ac . uk / depts / philosophy / ctll / fel / batheaston villa , 172 bailbrook lane bath ba1 7aa england + 44-1225 - 85-2865 fax + 44-1225 - 85-9258 nostler @ chibcha . demon . co . uk
  """",0
  1773,""""Subject: harold orton centenary conference
   
   preliminary announcement and call for papers harold orton centenary conference : dialectal variation in english march 24-26 1998 plenary speakers will include : bill kretzschmar jim milroy 1998 sees the centenary of the birth of harold orton , co-founder of the survey of english dialects , and the half-centenary of the establishment of the survey itself . the conference aims : - to take stock of the research achievements in dialectology to date - to address current issues in diachronic and synchronic variation in english , from the point of view of dialectology , sociolinguistics , corpus-based linguistics , socio-cultural studies , literary studies and any other related fields - to bring together people working on linguistic variation from different perspectives and from all the english - using world - to look forward to research projects for the new millenium a selection of the proceedings will be published in leeds studies in english . we invite you to send one-page proposals for papers , workshops , and panel discussions in the above areas . papers will be 20 minutes duration + 10 minutes for discussion . please send your abstracts / proposals by 30 september 1997 to one of the following , either by post to the address below or by email : dr clive upton ( c . upton @ sheffield . ac . uk ) dr juhani klemola ( j . klemola @ leeds . ac . uk ) dr anthea fraser gupta ( a . f . gupta @ leeds . ac . uk ) school of english university of leeds leeds ls2 9jt uk for more information , contact : professor katie wales ( k . wales @ leeds . ac . uk )
  """",0
  1774,""""Subject: re : epia ' 97 - call for participation
   
   call for participation epia ' 97 8th portuguese conference on artificial intelligence university auditorium , coimbra , portugal october 6 - 9 , 1997 under the auspices of the portuguese association for artificial intelligence the 8th portuguese conference on artificial intelligence will be held at coimbra , portugal , october 6 - 9 , 1997 . as in previous issues , ( ' 89 , ' 91 , ' 93 and ' 95 ) , epia ' 97 will be run as an international conference , english being the official language . the conference covers all areas of artificial intelligence , including theoretical areas , foundational areas , and applications . the scientific program consists of invited lectures , tutorials , parallel workshops , and paper presentations . eight well-known researchers will present invited lectures and tutorials . the conference proceedings will be published by springer verlag and made available to the attendees . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * invited lectures tom mitchell oskar dressler ( cmu - usa ) ( occ ' m software gmbh - germany ) luis moniz pereira francisco varela ( unl - portugal ) ( cnrs - france ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tutorial program daniel o'leary ( usc - usa ) , on ai and finance ramon de mantaras ( csic - spain ) , on kdd and data mining pedro barahona ( unl - portugal ) , on constraint programming felix costa ( ul - portugal ) , on neurocomputing * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the venue ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ coimbra is the most important city of central portugal . situated on the banks of river mondego and a mere 40km from the sea , coimbra is a two-hour train journey from the international airports of lisbon and oporto . the university of coimbra is one of the oldest in the world , its history dating back to the 13th century . grown up around its university , coimbra reflects a deep academic life , where cultural tradition and irreverence merge together to offer a splendid well being for residents and visitors . because of its immense historical heritage and unique romantic atmosphere , coimbra is one of the favorite tourist destinations in portugal . its population is approximately 100 , 000 . at the beginning of october , the temperature ranges from 20c to 22c ( 68f to 72f ) during the day . lightweight clothing is therefore recommended . as it rains from time to time during this part of the year , it is also advisable to bring an umbrella . transport ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ the closest international airports are located in lisbon and oporto , respectively 200km and 120km away from coimbra . the conference will arrange a limited number of shuttle buses for attendees , from lisbon and oporto airports to coimbra , and back . places in these buses will be subjected to previous reservation . the trips from these airports to coimbra may also be made by train , bus or car . detailed and up-to - date information will be made available at the epia ' 97 web site . accommodations ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ epia ' 97 has booked a limited number of rooms at reduced conference fees in several hotels covering a wide range of prices . transfers between some of the hotels and the university auditorium will be made available free of charge to the attendees who make their reservations through professional tours , the epia ' 97 official travel agency . accommodations for students - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - a limited number of low rate rooms in fairly good residentials and hotels is available for those registering as students for the conference . reservations - - - - - - - - - - - the reservation is considered to be effective when the payment for all the days of stay has been made . the deadline for reservations is september 30 . enquires and requests for accommodation forms should be directed to the epia ' 97 official travel agency : professional tours av . d . afonso henriques , 45 3000 coimbra portugal fax : + 351 . 39 . 401033 phone : + 351 . 39 . 402011 the accomodation form may also be found at epia ' 97 web site . tours ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ the conference program includes a scheduled tour for both the participants and their companions on saturday , october 10 ( tour 1 ) . three other tours are scheduled on the conference days for the participants companions ( tour 2 , your 3 and tour 4 ) . tour 1 - figueira da foz beach ( october 10 , full day , 2 , 100 pt , not including lunch ) tour 2 - coimbra : historical places ( october 7 , half day , 2 , 200 pte , including entrance fees ) tour 3 - nazare / batalha / fatima ( october 8 , full day , 5 , 800 pte including lunch ) tour 4 - conimbriga roman ruins ( october 9 , half day , 1 , 700 pte , including entrance fees ) social events ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ three social events are included in the social program : welcome party ( on october 6 ) , a special event ( on october 7 ) and a farewell dinner ( on october 9 ) . the welcome party and the farewell dinner are included in the conference fee , except for students for whom it is optional . the special event is not included in the conference fee . conference registration form ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ please fill in the registration form , which may be found at epia ' 97 web site , and mail or fax it with the corresponding conference fee to the epia ' 97 official address . the registration fee covers your attendance at the conference , the conference proceedings , a copy of the working notes for the workshops ( or tutorials ) you attend , coffee breaks , and the farewell dinner . method of payment ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ payments can be made by check to the order of epia ' 97 or by credit card ( visa , american express , mastercard and eurocard ) . all payments are in portuguese escudos ( pte ) . all refunds requests must be in writing and postmarked by september 15 , 1997 . a 7500 pte processing fee will be levied on all refunds granted . no refunds will be granted after this date . those registering as full-time students must include legible proof of their student status . conference proceedings and farewell dinner are not included when applying reduced conference fee for students . student scholarships ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a limited number of student scholarships is available . to apply , you must submit proof of your full-time student status in a degree-bearing program , such as a letter from your faculty advisor or a copy of your current registration receipt . note that student body cards will not suffice . these scholarships are intended to assist those who would not otherwise be able to attend the conference , and in particular , those students from the less well-off countries . to apply for a scholarship , please contact epia ' 97 at the official address given below . mailing list ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ we have set up an automated mailing list facility to easily distribute up to date information to those who wish to attend the conference . you may find instructions on how to add yourself to the mailing list at the epia ' 97 web site . insurance ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ the epia ' 97 committee can accept no liability for personal injuries , or for loss of or damage to property belonging to conference participants , either during or as a result of the conference . program committee ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ bernardete ribeiro ( portugal ) carlos bento ( portugal ) cristiano castelfranchi ( italy ) ernesto morgado ( portugal ) eugenio oliveira ( portugal ) gabriel pereira lopes ( portugal ) helder araujo ( portugal ) helder coelho ( portugal ) john self ( uk ) larry medsker ( usa ) luis moniz pereira ( portugal ) luis monteiro ( portugal ) manuela veloso ( usa ) miguel filgueiras ( portugal ) nuno mamede ( portugal ) oskar dressler ( germany ) pavel brazdil ( portugal ) pedro barahona ( portugal ) philippe dague ( france ) ramon de mantaras ( spain ) rosa vicari ( brazil ) stefano nolfi ( italy ) stuart shapiro ( usa ) takeo kanade ( usa ) xue mei wang ( usa ) yves kodratoff ( france ) conference & program co - chairs ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ernesto costa amilcar cardoso ( ernesto @ dei . uc . pt ) ( amilcar @ dei . uc . pt ) dep . eng . informatica universidade de coimbra - portugal sponsors ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ reitoria da universidade de coimbra companhia de seguros fidelidade junta nacional de investogacao cientifica e tecnologica ( jnict ) livraria julio figueiredo luso - american development foundation ( flad ) fundacao calouste gulbenkian dep . eng . informatica - uc conference official address ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ epia ' 97 dep . eng . informatica voice : + 351 ( 39 ) 7000004 universidade de coimbra - polo ii fax : + 351 ( 39 ) 701266 pinhal de marrocos email : epia97 @ alma . uc . pt 3030 coimbra , portugal url : http : / / alma . uc . pt / ~ epia97 / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * we envite you to visit the epia ' 97 web site at http : / / alma . uc . pt / ~ epia97 to find additional information on the conference and on coimbra and its historical university . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  1775,""""Subject: confs : 32nd colloquium of linguistics kassel
   
   32nd colloquium of linguistics all fields of linguistics september 17-19 , 1997 university of kassel germany > from now on you can get the newest information on the 32nd colloquium of linguistics in the www . our homepage will include the latest version of the programme , some important adresses and maps , and an application form for participation as an auditor : http : / / www . uni-kassel . de / fb9 / sprachw / lk / welcome . htm dr . ingo warnke fachbereich 09 germanistik universitaet kassel d-34109 kassel fon : + 49 561 804 3336 fax : + 49 561 804 2812 mail : warnke @ hrz . uni-kassel . de
  """",0
  1776,""""Subject: new books in semantics , pragmatics , & philosophy of languages
   
   semantic analysis : a practical introduction cliff goddard , university of new england , australia ( oxford textbooks in linguistics ) semantic analysis is a lively and clearly written introduction to the study of meaning in language , and to the language - - culture connection . goddard covers traditional and contemporary issues and approaches with the relationship between semantics , conceptualization , and culture as a key theme . he also details a number of case studies that draw on a wide range of material from non - indo - european languages , particularly australian aboriginal languages and malay , on which the author is an authority . july 1998 432 pp . ; 25 linecuts 0-19 - 870016 - 4 paper $ 24 . 95 0-19 - 870017 - 2 cloth $ 76 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
  """",0
  1777,""""Subject: new books in syntax and morphology
   
   prepositions and particles in english : a discourse - functional account elizabeth m . o'dowd , st michael 's college , vermont elizabeth m . o'dowd offers a new , discourse-functional account of the categories """""""" preposition """""""" and """""""" particle """""""" in english . she explains why certain words have membership in both categories , and solves many intriguing puzzles long associated with the syntax and semantics of these words . based on linguistic data extracted from a series of actual conversations , o'dowd provides new insights into how prepositions and particles are used , and how their meanings can change across different discourse contexts over time . july 1998 232 pp . 0-19 - 511102 - 8 $ 65 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
  """",0
  1778,""""Subject: new title in grammaticalization
   
   john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new title in the field of grammaticalization : demonstratives in interaction the emergence of a definite article in finnish ritva laury ( california state university , fresno ) 1997 . viii , 294 pp . studies in discourse and grammar , 7 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 597 4 price : usd 69 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 3646 1 price : nlg 178 , - - this book concerns one of the paradigm examples of grammaticalization , the development of a definite article from a demonstrative determiner . although standard written finnish has no articles , the demonstrative se is currently emerging as a definite article in spoken finnish . this book describes and explains the developing use of se based on a database consisting of spoken narratives from three different periods spanning the last one hundred years . the author proposes that the development from demonstrative to article has its roots in the way that speakers ordinarily use demonstratives in conversation , and provides an analysis of the use of se and the two other finnish demonstratives , t \ 228m \ 228 and tuo in a corpus of multi-party conversations , showing that speakers of finnish use demonstratives to focus attention on important referents and to express and negotiate access to them in the interactive context of ongoing talk , and not primarily to talk about how near or far referents are . the development of se into a general marker of identifiability is shown to be connected with both the focusing function of demonstratives as well as its use for referents which the speaker considers accessible to the addressee . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
  """",0
  1779,""""Subject: new book on the state of modern american linguistics
   
   the publishing house of moscow state university has just released a new 455 - page hard cover book in russian which is a collection of surveys on the state of modern american linguistics . """""""" fundamental trends of modern american linguistics """""""" ( """""""" fundamental ' nye napravlenija sovremennoj amerikanskoj lingvistiki """""""" ) is unique in its scope since it is the first ever comprehensive publication in russian which attempts to present diverse disciplines within american linguistics aimed at the russian - speaking audience . the book consists of three major parts : part i : generative grammar chapter 1 . brief history of the generative grammar ( john bailyn , suny at stony brook ) chapter 2 . a study of syntactic conditions in the generative grammar ( konstantin kazenin & yakov testelec , mgu ) chapter 3 . the generative grammar and the free word order problem ( natasha kondarshova , cornell university ) chapter 4 . the generative grammar and russian linguistics : aspect and case ( natal ' ja isakadze & irina kobozeva , mgu ) part ii : other formal theories : phonology , semantics , psycholinguistics , and acquisition chapter 5 . phonology ( katya zubritskaya , nyu ) chapter 6 . formal semantics ( roumyana izvorska , u of pennsylvania ) chapter 7 . psycholinguistics ( irina sekerina , u of pennsylvania ) chapter 8 . acquisition ( sergey avrutin , yale university ) part iii : functional and cognitive theories chapter 9 . functionalism ( andrey kibrik and vladimir plungjan , mgu ) chapter 10 . semantics in cognitive linguistics ( alan cienki , emory u ) chapter 11 . main concepts of cognitive semantics ( ekaterina rakhilina , viniti ) appendix : the grammaticala relevance of theme / rheme partition ( george fowler , indiana university ) index of languages index of terms the authors and the editors made every attempt to concisely and accurately translate the linguistic terms without which it is impossible to acquaint oneself with linguistic articles in the original . the reader will find russian translations and definitions of such syntactic terms as """""""" subjacency principle """""""" , """""""" spellout """""""" , """""""" island constraints """""""" , phonological terms such as """""""" underspecification theory """""""" , """""""" onset principle """""""" , """""""" the ocp """""""" , """""""" optimality theory """""""" , and many others included in the comprehensive 47 - page russian - english index . most of the phenomena discussed are illustrated with russian examples . please address your inquires to dr . irina sekerina at sekerina @ linc . cis . upenn . edu , an authorized representative . detailed information is posted at the following url : http : / / www . cis . upenn . edu / ~ sekerina / book . htm irina sekerina the institute for research in cognitive science university of pennsylvania
  """",0
  1780,""""Subject: new book : using computers in linguistics
   
   john lawler ( university of michigan ) and helen aristar dry ( eastern michigan university ) , editors using computers in linguistics : a practical guide using computers in linguistics provides a non-technical introduction to recent developments in linguistic computing and offers specific guidance to the linguist or language professional who wishes to take advantage of them . written by expert contributors , each essay focuses on a different aspect of the interaction of computing and linguistics . features include : a glossary of technical terms , including acronyms ; chapter appendices which list and review relevant resources , such as books , software and urls ; more extensive and regularly updated appendices of resources on the world wide web : http : / / www . routledge . com / routledge / linguistics / using-comp . html table of contents john m . lawler and helen aristar dry - - introduction 1 . gary f . simons - - the nature of linguistic data and the requirements of a computing environment for linguistic research 2 . helen aristar dry and anthony rodrigues aristar - - the internet : an introduction 3 . henry rogers - - education 4 . susan hockey - - textual databases 5 . john m . lawler - - the unix language family 6 . evan l . antworthy and j . randolph valentine - - software for doing field linguistics 7 . james e . hoard - - language understanding and the emerging alignment of linguistics and natural language processing 8 . samuel bayer , john aberdeen , john burger , lynette hirschman , david palmer , and marc vilain - - theoretical and computational linguistics : toward a mutual understanding glossary bibliography conclusion 1998 / $ 22 . 99 / 320 pages 7 half tones , 54 line drawings pb 0 415 16793 0 / # d4813 [ can . pb $ 31 . 99 ] for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com available for review
  """",0
  1781,""""Subject: workshop on complexity in language contact , acquisition and change
   
   newsletter 1 . workshop on complexity in language contact , acquisition and change . 8 september 1998 , paris , france . in colaboration with the cnrs ( centre national de recherche scientifique ) , the lot ( netherlands graduate school of linguistics ) is organizing some workshops to create a forum to encourage the discussion between researchers in linguistics from the netherlands and france . one of the workshops is initiated by members of the university of amsterdam and has as its subject : complexity in language contact , acquisition and change . the workshop will take place on tuesday the 8th of september , starting at 14 . 30 until approximately 20 . 00h . the theme although there is a kind of dogma that all natural languages are equally complex , at least for certain subsystems of language there may well be differences in complexity . in discussions of processes of language change and first and second language acquisition the notion of complexity plays an important role . especially in creole studies simplicity and complexity implicitly have been dominant issues in the debate , but are seldom properly scrutinized . in this workshop we want to discuss the role of complexity in these domains , including grammatical theory , first and second language acquisition , language change and language contact - in order to shed light on controversial problems invoked by the term complexity in linguistics in general . the structure of the workshop the workshop is organized around three themes : creole languages , language acquisition and language change . each theme will be discussed by researchers from france and the netherlands in 10 minutes presentations , inspired by the following propositions . after these short presentations there will be time for discussion in each session . 1 . all languages have the same """""""" costs / payment """""""" balance , i . e . if a language becomes phonologically more simple , its morphological system will become more complex . [ cf . haugen 1976 : 286 ] 2 . all complexity in languages resides in the lexicon . [ cf . aronoff 1995 ] 3 . languages spoken within small communities are more complex than languages of large communities . [ cf . whinnom 1980 , hymes 1971 , mhlhusler 1996 ] 4 . language shift will in general lead to simplification , while borrowing will lead generally to more complex structures . [ cf . thomason & kaufman 1988 ] 5 . complexity does not play a role in first language acquisition , but it does in second language acquisition . [ cf . trudgill 1992 ] 6 . grammaticalization leads to greater complexity . [ labov 1990 , bickerton 1981 ] programme 14 . 30 chair and opening pieter muysken ( university of amsterdam / leiden ) 14 . 35 : introduction hadewych van rheeden ( university of amsterdam ) wouter kusters ( university of amsterdam ) 14 . 55 : language acquisition elisabeth van der linden ( university of amsterdam ) daniel veronique ( universit de la sorbonne nouvelle , paris iii ) colette noyau ( universit de paris x ) peter coopmans ( university of utrecht ) 15 . 55 : break 16 . 15 : creoles jacques arends ( university of amsterdam ) adrienne bruyn ( university of amsterdam ) karl gadelii ( university of gteborg ) andree tabouret - keller ( universit de strasbourg ) 17 . 15 : break chair : to be announced 17 . 35 : language change marc van oostendorp ( university of amsterdam / leiden ) fred weerman ( university of utrecht ) colette feuillard ( universit ren descartes , paris v ) muriel norde ( university of amsterdam ) francoise gadet ( universit de paris x ) 19 . 00 : general discussion . 20 . 00 : drinks and dinner . please let us know if you are interested to join this workshop . if you need more information , just contact wouter kusters and / or hadewych van rheeden : wouter . kusters @ let . uva . nl h . a . van . rheeden @ let . uva . nl another workshop will be held on wednesday the 9th , on the subject of competing principles in learners varieties , organized within the same joint programme of lot and cnrs . these workshops are immediately followed by the eurosla 8 conference on second language acquisition . for more information on the eurosla 8 look at http : / / www . kun . nl / ttmb / news . html . in the next newsletter the exact location of the workshop will be announced .
  """",0
  1782,""""Subject: books on semantics
   
   john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new title in the field of semantics : nominal classification in aboriginal australia marc harvey & nicholas reid ( eds . ) university of newcastle / university of new england 1997 . x , 296 pp . studies in language companion series , 37 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 848 5 price : usd 89 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 3040 4 price : nlg 178 , - - this volume aims to extend both the range of analyses and the database on nominal classification systems . previous analyses of nominal classification systems have focused on two areas : the semantics of the classification system and the role of the system in discourse . in many nominal classification systems , there appear to be a significant percentage of nominals with an arbitrary classification . there is a considerable body of literature aimed at elucidating the semantic bases of classification in such systems , thereby reducing the degree of apparent arbitrariness . contributors to this volume continue this line of enquiry , but also propose that arbitrariness in itself has a role from a wider socio-cultural perspective . previous analyses of the discourse role of classification systems posit that they play a significant role in referential tracking . for the languages surveyed in this volume , contributors propose that reference instantiation is an equally significant function , and indeed that reference instantiation and tracking cannot be properly divided from one another . this volume provides detailed information on classification in a number of northern australian languages , whose systems are otherwise poorly known . contents : introduction ; nominal classification and gender in aboriginal australia ; new guinea ' classificatory verbs ' and australian noun classification : a typological comparison ; head classes and agreement classes in the mayali dialect chain ; head and agreement classes : an areal perspective ; class and classifier in ngan ' gityemerri ; nominal classification in marrithiyel ; noun classes , nominal classification and generics in murrinhpatha . contributions by : mark harvey ; nicholas reid ; fransesca merlin ; steve powell robert ; alan rumsey ; nicholas evans ; ian green ; michael walsh . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
  """",0
  1783,""""Subject: books on linguistic theory
   
   john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new title in the field of linguistic theory : linguistics in the netherlands 1997 jane coerts & helen de hoop ( eds . ) 1997 . x , 230 pp . avt publications , 14 us / canada : pb : 1 55619 221 5 price : usd 48 . 00 rest of the world : pb : 90 272 3157 5 nlg 88 , - - this volume contains a selection of papers presented at the twenty-eight annual meeting of the linguistic society of the netherlands , held in utrecht on january , is , 1997 . the aim of the annual meeting is to provide members of the society with an opportunity to report on their work in progress . at this year 's meeting fin papers were presented . the 19 papers in this volume present an overview of research in different fields of linguistics in the netherlands . it contains articles on phonetics , phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics , spelling , language acquisition and aphasia . contributions by : rene van bezooijen ; hans broekhuis ; tina cambier - langeveld ; eithne b . carlin ; onno crasborn ; joost dekkers ; marcel den dikken ; mirjam t . c . ernestus ; astrid ferdinand ; claire gronemeyer ; judith haan ; vincent van heuven ; els van der kooij ; anik liptk ; maarten mous ; iris mulders ; anneke neijt ; anneke nunn ; jos pacilly ; sharon peperkamp ; josep quer ; esterella de roo ; jan schroten ; rint sybesma ; ruben van de vijver ; guido vanden wyngaerd . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
  """",0
  1784,""""Subject: lagb autumn meeting
   
   linguistics association of great britain autumn meeting 1998 : university of luton second circular the 1998 autumn meeting will be held from thursday 10 to saturday 12 september at the university of luton , at its park square campus , where the association will be the guests of the department of linguistics . the local organiser is vlad zegarac ( vladimir . zegarac @ luton . ac . uk ) . enquiries about the meeting should be addressed to : vlad zegarac , lagb 1998 , dept . of linguistics , university of luton , 75 castle street , luton , bedfordshire , lu1 3aj . the conference immediately follows the relevance theory workshop , which takes place at the university of luton from 8th to 10th of september ( for further information contact : s . nicolle @ mdx . ac . uk ) . accommodation : will be in the university halls of residence , within 5 - 7 minutes walking distance from the park square building where the talks will take place . all bedrooms are single . each bedroom is part of a flat , which consists of a bathroom , kitchen and five bedrooms . rooms will be allocated strictly on a """""""" first-come first-served """""""" basis . registration : will begin at 12 noon on thursday the 10th of september in the park square building . bar : a bar will be available every day during the conference . food : please indicate vegetarian and any other dietary requirements on the booking form below . childcare : if you require childcare during the conference , please contact the local organiser for further details . travel by train : there are direct trains to luton from london kings cross station and from gatwick airport . it takes five minutes to walk from the rail station to park square campus ( a map will be sent with your booking receipt ) . travel by car : if driving , take junction 10 off the m1 ; initially follow the sign for the a1081 ; from the next roundabout follow signs for town centre ; once you are near the town centre follow signs for park square / university of luton . parking : free parking will be available for all delegates . events : the henry sweet lecture 1998 on the thursday evening will be delivered by dan sperber ( cnrs , and crea , ecole polytechnique paris ) and is entitled relevance in an evolutionary perspective . dan sperber will also be participating in a workshop on experimental pragmatics on thursday afternoon and evening . the workshop is organised by billy clark ( middlesex university ) . other contributors are anne bezuidenhout ( south carolina ) , stephen newstead ( plymouth ) , steve nicolle ( middlesex ) , and ira noveck ( ecole polytechnique paris ) . there will be a language tutorial on roshani , a pamir language of the eastern iranian group of indo - european , given by john payne ( university of manchester ) . there will be a wine party on the thursday evening , following dan sperber 's lecture . bookings : should be sent to the local organiser , address above . there is a 10 % discount on bookings received by friday 21 august . cheques should be made payable to """""""" university of luton """""""" . programme thursday 10 september 1998 1 . 00 lunch 2 . 00 workshop on experimental pragmatics organiser : billy clark ( middlesex university ) with anne bezuidenhout ( south carolina ) , stephen newstead ( plymouth ) , steve nicolle ( middlesex ) , ira noveck ( ecole polytechnique paris ) , dan sperber ( cnrs , and crea , ecole polytechnique paris ) 3 . 30 tea 4 . 00 workshop continues 6 . 30 dinner 7 . 45 henry sweet lecture 1998 dan sperber ( cnrs , and crea , ecole polytechnique paris ) relevance in an evolutionary perspective friday 11 september 1998 session a 9 . 00 masako ohara ( essex ) """""""" mixed characteristics of verbal nouns in japanese """""""" 9 . 40 kensei sugayama ( kobe city ) """""""" japanese nqs and unaccusativity : from a wg point of view """""""" 10 . 20 jasper holmes ( ucl ) """""""" causing , changing and acting """""""" session b 9 . 00 a . sophia s . marmaridou ( athens ) """""""" conceptual metaphor and the relativity issue : the case of m . greek financial discourse """""""" 9 . 40 nathalie franken ( ulb ) """""""" towards a new definition of the act of communication """""""" 10 . 20 isao higashimori ( kobe college ) """""""" metaphor and metonymy in loanwords : relevance theory vs . lakovian cognitive semantics """""""" session c 9 . 00 kuniya nasukawa ( tohoku gakuin and ucl ) """""""" prenasalisation as a case of lenition """""""" 9 . 40 cecile de cat and bernadette plunkett ( york ) """""""" on the status of peripheral strong pronouns in early french """""""" 10 . 20 harald clahsen and sam featherston ( essex ) """""""" four accounts of ` trace reactivation ' : evidence from german scrambling """""""" 11 . 00 coffee 11 . 30 language tutorial : roshani john payne ( university of manchester ) 1 . 00 lunch session a 2 . 00 norio nasu ( ucl ) """""""" attract f and the status of spec - ip in infinitival clauses """""""" 2 . 40 seiki ayano ( durham ) """""""" multiple feature-checking and a double object construction in japanese """""""" 3 . 20 laura rupp ( essex ) """""""" ` inverted ' negative imperatives in english """""""" session b 2 . 00 christoph unger ( sli ) """""""" causality and relevance """""""" 2 . 40 anne furlong ( newfoundland ) """""""" the soul of wit : a relevance-theoretic approach """""""" 3 . 20 anna papafragou ( ucl ) """""""" possibility and concession """""""" session c 2 . 00 dick hudson ( ucl ) """""""" syncretism and the x - form """""""" 2 . 40 chet creider ( western ontario ) """""""" swahili verbal inflectional morphology in theoretical perspective """""""" 3 . 20 anne zribi - hertz ( paris-8 ) """""""" number specification and referentiality : a contrast between french and malagasy """""""" 4 . 00 tea 4 . 30 lagb business meeting 5 . 30 language tutorial continues 6 . 30 dinner 7 . 45 language tutorial continues saturday 12 september 1998 session a 9 . 00 shen yuan ( hong kong ) """""""" sentences with indefinite subjects and their information structures """""""" 9 . 40 mayumi masuko ( waseda ) """""""" valence reduction and lexical meaning """""""" 10 . 20 valia kordoni ( tbingen ) """""""" agentivity , causation , cliticization and psych verb constructions : at the syntax-lexical semantics interface """""""" session b 9 . 00 s j hannahs & maggie tallerman ( durham ) """""""" on getting ` the ' right in welsh """""""" 9 . 40 nedzad leko ( oslo ) """""""" syntactic versus semantic agreement in the oslo corpus of bosnian texts """""""" 10 . 20 john payne and erika chisarik ( manchester ) """""""" case - markers and postpositions : the hungarian problem """""""" session c 9 . 40 sam featherston , harald clahsen , thomas muente and matthias grosz ( essex ) """""""" raising and equi structures in hpsg and ppt : psycholinguistic evidence """""""" 10 . 20 chieko kuribara ( reading ) """""""" resetting or tactics ? : acquisition of functional category c by japanese learners of english """""""" 11 . 00 coffee session a 11 . 30 delia bentley and thrhallur eythrsson ( manchester ) """""""" ` have ' is not be """""""" 12 . 10 bernadette plunkett ( york ) """""""" locutionary inversion in modern french """""""" session b 11 . 30 s j hannahs ( durham ) """""""" unexceptional exceptions and french glides """""""" 1 . 00 lunch session a 2 . 00 roger maylor ( durham ) """""""" the german be - prefix : a case of incorporation """""""" 2 . 40 jim miller ( edinburgh ) """""""" what is a non-configurational language ? """""""" session b 2 . 00 april mcmahon ( cambridge ) """""""" expecting the unexpected : predictability and contingency in optimality theory """""""" 2 . 40 guy deutscher ( trinity ) """""""" the different faces of uniformitarianism """""""" 3 . 20 tea and close booking form please return this form , with your remittance , to : vlad zegarac , dept . of linguistics , university of luton , 75 castle street , luton , bedfordshire , lu1 3aj . please make cheques payable to """""""" university of luton """""""" . ( all prices are in pounds sterling ( """""""" stlg """""""" ) ) . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name : institution : address for this mailing : e-mail address : i enclose remittance as indicated ( select appropriate package ) : 1 . complete conference package : ( a ) including thursday lunch preceding workshop ( i ) if sent to arrive before 21 august 96 . 10 stlg . . . . . ( ii ) if sent to arrive after 21 august 104 . 00 stlg . . . . . ( b ) excluding thursday lunch ( i ) if sent to arrive before 21 august 87 . 10 stlg . . . . . ( ii ) if sent to arrive after 21 august 95 . 00 stlg . . . . . ( c ) surcharge for non-members , 5 . 00 stlg . . . . . total : . . . . . . . . 2 . selected items : ( a ) conference fee ( obligatory ) to cover cost of abstracts , tea and coffee , room bookings , speakers ' expenses etc . 15 . 00 stlg . . . . . . . . . . ( b ) thursday lunch 9 . 00 stlg . . . . . . . . . . ( c ) thursday dinner 9 . 00 stlg . . . . . . . . . . ( d ) b&b thursday / friday 22 . 00 stlg . . . . . . . . . . ( e ) friday lunch 9 . 00 stlg . . . . . . . . . . ( f ) friday dinner 9 . 00 stlg . . . . . . . . . . ( g ) b&b friday / saturday 22 . 00 stlg . . . . . . . . . . ( h ) saturday lunch 9 . 00 stlg . . . . . . . . . . sub-total : . . . . . . . . . . deduct 10 % if sent to arrive before 15 august . . . . . . . . . . ( i ) surcharge for non-members , 5-00 stlg . . . . . . . . . . total : . . . . . . . . . . 4 . abstracts only , for those not attending : 5-00 stlg uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-00 stlg overseas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tick to receive abstracts with your booking receipt : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tick if you would like vegetarian food : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . other special requirements ( e . g . diet , accommodation ) : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please indicate whether you are travelling by train . . . . . by car . . . . . . other . . . . . . . .
  """",0
  1785,""""Subject: hil phonology 4 ( hilp 4 )
   
   call for papers : the fourth hil phonology conference ( hilp 4 ) january 28-30 , 1999 at leiden university , the netherlands organized by the holland institute of generative linguistics deadline for abstracts : 1 october 1998 contact : harry van der hulst and jeroen van de weijer e-mail : hilp4 @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl web site : http : / / www . leidenuniv . nl / hil / confs / hilp4 abstracts are invited in all areas of phonology , and particularly on the conference theme : """""""" how phonetic is phonology ? """""""" - what is the input to the phonetic component , e . g . in terms of abstractness ? - what is the role of phonology and what is the role of phonetics , and how do they interact ? besides the main conference , there will be three workshops . workshop themes will be : - the role of paradigmatic relations in phonology - lexical insertion and phonology - iconicity please submit six copies of an abstract of maximally three pages ( including examples and references ) before 1 october 1998 . only one of the abstracts should identify the author and his / her affiliation . the program will be announced on 1 november . selected papers will be published in a reviewed volume of proceedings . the contents of earlier volumes ( hil phonology papers i , ii and iii ) are listed on the web site : http : / / www . leidenuniv . nl / hil / various / publics / publics . htm please submit abstracts to : hilp 4 committee hil / atw p . o . box 9515 2300 ra leiden the netherlands abstracts submitted by e-mail before 1 october will be accepted on the condition that a hard copy follows with a week .
  """",0
  1786,""""Subject: alt iii
   
   alt iii : announcement and call for papers the third international conference of the association for linguistic typology ( alt iii ) will be held at the university of amsterdam , from august 26 to august 29 , 1999 . the first day of the meeting will be devoted to a workshop on creoles . the local organizer for alt iii will be casper de groot , ifott / atw , spuistraat 210 , nl-1012 vt amsterdam , the netherlands . members and non-members wishing to present a paper at alt iii are asked to send six copies of a one-page abstract to the chair of the program committee , scott delancey ( address below ) , to reach him no later than march 1 , 1999 . a second page ( six copies ) may be attached to the abstract listing data . the program committee will , by may 1 , 1999 , convey its decision on acceptance of papers to those submitting abstracts . each abstract should include the author 's name ( or authors ' names ) and mailing address ( please , just one mailing address for multiple authors ) , including telephone , fax , and e-mail address as available . each abstract should specify the amount of time requested for the presentation , including discussion , which may be 30 , 45 , or 60 minutes . members may also submit abstracts for symposia , including the names of participants and the amount of time requested ( which may , of course , exceed 60 minutes ) . address for mailing abstracts : scott delancey department of linguistics university of oregon eugene , or 97403-1290 , usa for information on the association for linguistic typology contact : johan van der auwera university of antwerp ( uia ) linguistics ( ger ) b-2610 wilrijk , belgium fax : + 32 - 3-8202762 auwera @ uia . ua . ac . be
  """",0
  1787,""""Subject: perceiving and performing gender
   
   perceiving and performing gender 4th symposium on gender research at kiel university , germany november 12-14 , 1998 the conference focuses on the central question : how do social perceptions alongside the behaviour of individuals contribute to the construction of gender ? - how do we interpret and assess women and men ? - which properties and modes of behaviour do we ascribe to each gender ? - are gender differences the result of a gendered behaviour , or do they base themselves on gender-stereotyped expectations ? this symposium opens the possibility of discussing these and other questions in a cross-disciplinary and international perspective . keynote speakers prof . dr . jutta allmendinger institut fur soziologie ludwig - maximilian - universitat munchen prof . dr . mahzarin r . banaji department of psychology yale university prof . dr . j . richard hackman department of psychology harvard university prof . dr . thomas laqueur department of history university of california , berkeley prof . dr . donald g . mackay department of psychology university of california , los angeles prof . dr . anthony mulac department of communication university of california , santa barbara prof . dr . rosanne stone advanced communication technologies laboratory department of radio - tv - film the university of texas call for papers in addition to the presentations by the keynote speakers , we are accepting papers on further topics . interested researchers should send us a brief abstract of their proposed presentation . this abstract should be written in either english or german and be no longer than one typewritten page . of those papers accepted to the symposium , several will be chosen for publication in a collection of highlights from the conference . language the symposium will be conducted in both english and german . presentations and comments can be formulated and contributed in either language . deadlines proposal abstracts must be received by zif no later than 30 april 1998 . registration deadline for the symposium is 1 october 1998 . fees registration costs dm 120 . this price is reduced to dm 30 for students and umemployed academics . for registration and further information please contact : susanne oelkers , m . a . zif centre for interdisciplinary research on women and gender christian albrecht university tel . : ( german code ) ( 0 ) 431 57949 51 olshausenstr . 40 fax : ( german code ) ( 0 ) 57949 50 d-24098 kiel email : < oelkers @ zif . uni-kiel . de > germany
  """",0
  1788,""""Subject: tanlps workshop : final call for paper
   
   tanlps workshop : final call for papers held at the european conference on machine learning ( ecml ' 98 ) , chemnitz , germany 21-24 april 1998 ( www address : http : / / www . tu-chemnitz . de / informatik / ecml98 / ) . tanlps towards adaptive nlp - driven systems : linguistic information , learning methods and applications 24 april 1998 organized by : r . basili , m . t . pazienza ( university of roma , tor vergata , italy ) since most of its applications , from syntactic to semantic , are lexicon driven , systematic and reliable acquisition on a large scale of linguistic information is the real challenge to natural language processing ( nlp ) . empiricist view on natural language processing and learning has become recently more attractive for a wider research community : computational linguistics , artificial intelligence , psychology then seemed to converge on a specific data-oriented perspective aiming to overcome the traditional knowledge acquisition bottleneck . it has been often noted that the limited attention paid by the machine learning community to text and speech data seems unjustified . it is thus more and more evident that empirical learning of natural language processing ( nlp ) can alleviate the nlp main problem by means of a variety of methods for the automatic induction of lexical knowledge . lexical knowledge is often hard to compile by hand , and even harder to port and reuse . nlp application systems still have a low impact on real world problems , mainly due to the costs related to reusability and customization of the required lexicons . in particular , changes in the domain causes changes in the lexical information required in the underlying natural language . empirical , symbolic machine learning methods can be perfectly suited for this task like automatic acquisition and adaptation of this knowledge . rule induction , symbolic approaches to clustering , lazy learning , and inductive logic programming , have been already proposed by a growing community that is entering the challenge for theoretical ( i . e . methodological ) and application purposes a variety of techniques seems to be combined in order to successfully design realistic inductive systems for text processing : the target of this research is to define methods and design principles for systems combining linguistic and lexical learning capabilities for large scale language processing tasks . this is what we mean with adaptive nlp - driven systems . within this research task , some issues can favour a synergistic process between nlp and ml areas : the access to large data sets , that are even increasing over time , due to the telematics facilities available nowadays ; extending the set of typical classes of ml problems to other hard cases ( particularly dense in the nlp processes ) ; adding inductive capabilities to nlp system for tasks related to specific applications ( i . e . information extraction ) . the proposed workshop thus aims at stimulating reasearch and discussion on the following aspects : - establishing results and evidencies on the suitability of different ml paradigms on specific levels of representation of lexical knowledge ( morphology , syntax , linguistic inference among others ) - comparison of the quantitative approaches to lexical acquisition with empirical symbolic methods - stimulating discussion on cognitive perspective of some models within a plausible architecture for language processing and learning - establishing results on the applicability of the extracted / induce knowledge within nlp systems , with respect to assessed evaluation criteria , typical of the ml and language engineering ( le ) area - case studies on adaptive nlp systems , i . e . effective nlp systems integrating linguistic inferences with inductive capabilities ( www kb at cmu , ecran , . . . ) , - critical review of existing experiences on adaptive nlp systems - establishing guidelines for an evaluation framework of adaptive nlp systems : accuracy of the linguistic process , robustness of the induction process , . . . - promote cooperation among research groups in europe and usa to exchange ideas , data and tools for design and experiment architectures for adaptive nlp systems related events a parallel workshop will be also held in the ecml conference : """""""" text mining """""""" organized by yves kodratoff . although close in intent and topics , the two workshops have a specific """""""" identity """""""" in terms of area of research , multidisciplinary aspects and contributions . so , in order to enhance the discussion and the synergistic contributions to the two independent approaches , submissions covering common problems ( i . e . adaptive data mining from textual data ) will undergo a specific review , in cooperation with the other workshop pc . in fact , a joint ( half day ) session on specific borderline topics as well as on existing ( hybrid ) systems has been planned and a subset of the accepted papers will be presented there . a particular effort will be asked to authors for stressing / enhancing synergistic aspects . the program committee will suggest guidelines to compare / generalize / extend individual contributions in this specific perspective . workshop format : the workshop is expected to cover the whole day . in the first session , apart from an invited talk , we expect to cover methodological issues . papers related to advanced research on suitability of learning paradigms for the different target lexical information will be favoured . prototypical examples in this area are studies on empirical learning of tasks like pos tagging , induction of grammatical information , symbolic learning of word sense disambiguation criteria and lexical semantic information . a panel discussion is expected to close the morning session and focus on principles of suitability for learning paradigms vs . lexical levels . in the second session we expect to stimulate participants to cover application areas , like ir and ie , on original research works that are currently under development in several research centres in europe ( sheffield , tilburg , rome tor vergata and torino universities ) . a panel discussion on the implication of the adaptive paradigm on existing and potential nlp systems will close the workshop . program committee r . basili ( university of roma , tor vergata , italy ) m . craven ( carnegie mellon university , usa ) w . daelemans ( university of tilburg , nederlands ) m . t . pazienza ( university of roma , tor vergata , italy ) l . saitta ( university of torino , italy ) c . samuelssonn ( bell labs , at&t , usa ) y . wilks ( university of sheffield , uk ) paper submission : = = = = = = = = = = = = papers should not exceed 3000 words or 6 pages . hard copy submission : three copies of the paper should be sent to : roberto basili department of computer science , systems and production university of roma , tor vergata via di tor vergata 00133 roma ( italy ) e-mail : basili @ info . utovrm . it electronic submission : electronic submission may be in either self-contained postscript or rtf formats , to basili @ info . utovrm . it for each submission - - whether hard copy or electronic - - a separate plain ascii text email message should be sent to roberto basili , containing the following information : # name : name of first author # title : title of the paper # pages : number of pages # files : name of file ( if attachments are submitted electronically ) # note : any relevant instructions # keys : keywords # email : email of the first author # abstr : abstract of the paper . . . . . . important dates : workshop final call for papers : 20 january 1998 papers due : 20 february 1998 notification of acceptance : 5 march 1998 final version due : 25 march 1998 workshop : 24 april 1998 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - roberto basili department of computer science , systems and production university of roma , tor vergata via di tor vergata 00133 roma ( italy ) e-mail : basili @ info . utovrm . it tel : + 39 - 6 - 7259 7391 fax : + 39 - 6 - 7259 7460 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  1789,""""Subject: cimca ' 99
   
   final call for paper international conference on computational intelligence for modelling , control and automation cimca ' 99 17-19 february 1999 vienna - austria http : / / www-gscit . fcit . monash . edu . au / conferences / cimca99 14 august 1998 deadline for submission of extended abstract honorary chair : lotfi a . zadeh , university of california , usa general chair : masoud mohammadian , monash university ( australia ) second call for papers the international conference on computational intelligence for modelling , control and automation will be held in vienna , austria on 17-19 february 1999 . the conference provides a medium for the exchange of ideas between theoreticians and practitioners to address the important issue in computational intelligence , modelling , control and automation . the conference will consist of both plenary sessions and contributory sessions , focusing on theory , implementation and applications of computational intelligence techniques to modelling , control and automation . for contributory sessions , extended abstract papers are being solicited . several well-known keynote speakers will address the conference . topics include , but are not limited to , the following area : modern and advanced control strategies : neural networks control , fuzzy logic control , genetic algorithms & evolutionary control , model - predictive control , adaptive and optimal control , intelligent control systems , robotics and automation , fault diagnosis , intelligent agents , industrial automations hybrid systems : fuzzy evolutionary systems , fuzzy expert systems , fuzzy neural systems , neural genetic systems , neural - fuzzy - genetic systems , hybrid systems for optimisation data analysis , prediction and model identification : signal processing , prediction & time series analysis , system identification , data fusion and data mining , knowledge discovery , intelligent information systems , image processing , image understanding , parallel computing applications in identification & control , pattern recognition , clustering , classification decision making and information retrieval : case - based reasoning , decision analysis , intelligent databases & information retrieval , dynamic systems modelling , decision support systems , multi - criteria decision making , qualitative and approximate - reasoning modelling paper submission papers will be selected based on their originality , significance , correctness , and clarity of presentation . four copies of extended abstract ( 500-800 word ) should be submitted to the following address : cimca ' 99 secretariat school of computing & information technology monash university gippsland campus switchback rd , churchill 3842 victoria , australia extended abstract should present original work , which has not been published or being reviewed for other conferences . important dates 14 august 1998 deadline for submission of extended abstract 21 september 1998 notification of acceptance 23 november1998 deadline for camera-ready copies of accepted papers 17-19 february 1999 conference sessions special sessions and tutorials special sessions and tutorials will be organised at the conference . the conference is calling for special sessions and tutorial proposals . all proposals should be sent to the conference chair before november 23rd , 1998 . cimca ' 99 will also include a special poster session devoted to recent work and work-in - progress . abstracts are solicited for this session ( 3 pages limit ) may be submitted up to 30 days before the conference date . invited sessions keynote speakers from academia and industry will be addressing the main issues of the conference . international program committee : h . adeli , the ohio state university , usa b . kosko , university of southern california , usa a . kandel , university of south florida , usa t . fukuda , nagoya university , japan t . baeck , informatic centrum dortmund , germany j . bezdek , university of west florida , usa k . hirota , tokyo institute of technology , japan g . dorffner , university of vienna , austria e . oja , helsinki university of technology , finland w . pedrycz , university of manitoba , canada x . yao , the university of new south wales , adfa , australia h . r . berenji , nasa ames research center , usa r . c . eberhart , purdue university , usa a . y . zomaya , university of western australia , australia t . shibata , miti , ministry of international trade and industry , japan h . liljenstrom , royal institute of technology , sweden f . herrera , university of granada , spain a . bulsari , ab nonlinear solutions oy , finland b . bignall , monash university , australia j . d . pinter , dalhousie university , canada v . piuri , politecnico di milano , italy t . furuhashi , nagoya university , japan a . aamodt , norwegian university of science and technology , norway t . yamakawa , kyushu institute of technology , japan l . guan , university of sydney , australia j . fernandez de caete , university of malaga , spain w . duch , nicholas copernicus , university , poland e . tulunay , middle east technical university , turkey c . kuroda , tokyo institute of technology , japan international liaison : canada and usa liaison : j . d . pinter , dalhousie university , canada europe liaison : r . john , de montfort university , uk z . pahlavani , avip , austria local arrangements and public relation : zohra pahlavani , avip , austria christina meier , australia publicity : henry selvaraj monash university ( australia ) robert john , de montfort university ( uk ) publication : baikunth nath , monash university , australia masoud mohammadian , ( chair ) , monash university , australia j . d . pinter , dalhousie university , canada visits and social events sightseeing visits will be arranged for the delegates and guests . a separate program will be arranged for companions during the conference . for further information either contact cimca99 @ fcit . monash . edu . au or see the conference homepage at : http : / / www-gscit . fcit . monash . edu . au / conferences / cimca99
  """",0
  1790,""""Subject: spanish in the united states conference
   
   preliminary announcement and call for papers : 17th conference on spanish in the united states florida international university miami , florida march 11 , 12 , 13 , 1999 keynote speakers : to be announced in fall 1998 abstracts for twenty-minute papers are invited on the following general topics related to spanish in the united states : language policy and planning , language variation , discourse analysis , language maintenance and shift , language attitudes , testing , heritage language education , language in public life . persons interested in presenting a paper at the conference are requested to submit five copies of a one-page abstract of the paper . the abstract should be accompanied by a separate page stating the title of the paper , your name , affiliation , institutional address , your telephone numbers , including fax , and e-mail , and the address at which you wish to receive a notification concerning acceptance of the paper . please do not identify yourself on the abstract itself . abstracts must be received by october 19 , 1998 . queries and abstracts should be addressed to : dr . ana roca , conference chair department of modern languages deuxieme maison 498a florida international university university park miami , fl 33199 305-348 - 2046 rocaa @ fiu . edu ( please post and share ) hotel information : full information will be posted in fall 1998 in the linguist list . we have made definite arrangements with the david william hotel and the biltmore hotel ( in coral gables ) . conference participants can stay at the david william hotel at a negotiated rate of $ 99 / night and will have all privileges at the biltmore hotel ( a luxury hotel in a historic building ) because both hotels are under the same management and coorporation now . the biltmore is only about four or five blocks away and you can walk or take the hotel shuttle there . the conference will be held at the biltmore and at florida international university . if you wish to make early reservations , call the david william hotel at 305-445 - 7821 and mention that it is for fiu 's """""""" spanish in the u . s . """""""" conference march 11-13 , 1999 at the agreed upon rate . space is limited . note : queries will be answered as soon as possible after august 16 , 1998 and a conference registration form will be posted soon and can also be mailed to you as early as fall 1998 at the start of the new academic year .
  """",0
  1791,""""Subject: multilinguality workshop
   
   ecai98 second multilinguality in the lexicon workshop august 25th 1998 a workshop held as part of the 13th biennial european conference on artificial intelligence ( ecai-98 ) august 23rd - 28th , 1998 , brighton , uk organising committee : lynne cahill ( university of sussex ) susan armstrong ( issco ) pierette bouillon ( issco ) roger evans ( itri , university of brighton ) web site : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 / tw / w13 . html the 1st multilinguality in the lexicon workshop took place in april 1996 as part of the aisb workshop series at sussex , and brought together researchers with a wide range of experiences in multilingual lexicon development . this second mll workshop will follow up on some of the work presented there , as well as introducing other work on multilinguality in the lexicon . the workshop will run for one day as part of ecai-98 in brighton , uk . there will be two blocks of three papers , each followed by a led discussion session . programme : 9 . 30 pierrette bouillon & federica busa ` a verb like """""""" attendre """""""" : the point of view of """""""" generative lexicon """""""" ' 10 . 15 helge dyvik ` translations as semantic mirrors ' 11 . 00 coffee 11 . 30 evelyne viegas ` multilinguality and genericity in syntagmatic relations ' 12 . 15 discussion 1 . 00 lunch 2 . 00 manfred stede ` particles : particularly problematic for multilingual nlp ' 2 . 45 lynne cahill ` automatic extension of a hierarchical multilingual lexicon ' 3 . 30 tea 4 . 00 john bateman & serge sharoff ` multilingual grammars and multilingual lexicons for multilingual text generation ' 4 . 45 discussion 5 . 30 close further information : to obtain further information about ecai-98 and the workshop please visit the ecai-98 web site at http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 /
  """",0
  1792,""""Subject: 3rd intl conf on maintenance and loss of minority langs
   
   third international conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands november 26 - november 27 , 1998 programme the conference will consist of three sections . the first section addresses the sociological and social-psychological explanatory context in which language shift processes take place . the second section deals with language attrition from a psycholinguistic perspective , and the third is fully devoted to the building of an integrated explanatory framework for processes of language shift and loss . in memory of willem fase , one of the initiators of the first and second conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages , who died in 1997 , a new forum called the willem fase lecture has been set up . this plenary lecture forum will be granted to a promising scholar , to be selected from the abstracts submitted . thursday , november 26 , 1998 08 . 30-09 . 30 registration at koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands tea / coffee 09 . 30-10 . 00 conference opening section i : language shift from a sociological and social-psychological perspective 10 . 00-11 . 00 plenary session : lesley milroy 11 . 00-12 . 00 plenary session : richard bourhis 12 . 00-13 . 00 lunch 13 . 00-13 . 45 parallel sessions of free papers 13 . 45-14 . 30 parallel sessions 14 . 30-15 . 15 parallel sessions 15 . 15-16 . 00 tea / coffee section ii : language loss from a psycholinguistic perspective 16 . 00-17 . 00 plenary session : kees de bot 17 . 00-17 . 45 parallel sessions 17 . 45-18 . 30 parallel sessions 19 . 00-20 . 30 dinner friday , november 27 , 1998 section ii continued : language loss from a psycholinguistic perspective 08 . 30-09 . 30 plenary session : joel walters 09 . 30-10 . 15 parallel sessions 10 . 15-10 . 45 tea / coffee 10 . 45-11 . 30 plenary session : willem fase lecture 11 . 30-12 . 30 concluding remarks on section i and ii by joshua fishman 12 . 30-13 . 30 lunch section iii : towards an integrated explanatory framework for processes of language shift and loss 13 . 30-15 . 30 preparatory workshops 15 . 30-16 . 00 tea / coffee 16 . 00-17 . 30 round table chaired by michael clyne general information conference secretariat tilburg university research group on language and minorities c / o heleen strating - keurentjes p . o . box 90153 nl-5000 le tilburg the netherlands tel : + 31 13 4662588 fax : + 31 13 4663110 e - mail : language . loss . 98 @ kub . nl organizing committee - dr . ton ammerlaan , arnhem school of business - madeleine hulsen , university of nijmegen - dr . jetske klatter - folmer , institute for the deaf / tilburg university - heleen strating - keurentjes , tilburg university - piet van avermaet , university of leuven - dr . kutlay yagmur , tilburg university scientific committee - prof . kees de bot , university of nijmegen - prof . michael clyne , monash university , melbourne - prof . joshua fishman , stanford university , california / yeshiva university , new york - prof . koen jaspaert , university of leuven - dr . sjaak kroon , tilburg university location the conference will be held at koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands . this modern conference center is situated in forested areas , only fifteen minutes from the city of eindhoven and eindhoven airport . all rooms have a shower , toilet , television and telephone . koningshof offers a wide range of indoor and outdoor sports and leisure facilities , including a swimming pool , sauna , fitness club and squash court . registration and fees for registration , all participants ( including authors of submitted abstracts of papers ) are requested to mail the attached registration form before august 1 , 1998 . the registration fees are : dfl 460 conference programme and full board , after july 1 , 1998 . dfl 285 conference programme , after july 1 , 1998 . please add an additional dfl 10 to cover international transfer charges if subscribing from abroad . the fee for the programme covers the conference fee , lunches on thursday and friday , tea / coffee during breaks , and the foreseen conference publication . the fee for full board additionally covers a single-room accommodation for one night including breakfast at koningshof conference center on thursday / friday as well as dinner on thursday . you will receive confirmation of registration , and the final programme at the end of august , 1998 . those who arrive earlier or wish to stay longer must take care of further accommodations themselves . they can contact the conference secretariat . payment of fees all payments should reach us ultimately by august 1 , 1998 ( see registration and fees ) . fees should be paid in dutch guilders to : kub / flw , postbank account number 2386602 , mentioning ' code 1 . 8210 . w334 ' . cancellations the conference secretariat should be notified of cancellations in writing . if cancellations are received before august 1 , 1998 all fees , minus a cancellation charge of 25 % will be refunded . if cancelled after august 1 , but before september 1 , 1998 the cancellation charge will be 50 % . no refunds will be made for cancellations received later than september 1 , 1998 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration form third international conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages , koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands , november 26 - november 27 , 1998 . please fill out completely and return to the conference secretariat before august 1 , 1998 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ o male / o female name , initials : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . first name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . institution : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mailing address : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tel . / fax : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e - mail : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please register me for : o conference programme and full board , after july 1 , 1998 . dfl 460 o conference programme , after july 1 , 1998 . dfl 285 i hereby confirm that the fees have been remitted to the kub / flw account ( see payment of fees ) . special requests or requirements : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . place / date : signature :
  """",0
  1793,""""Subject: errors in language learning .
   
   james , carl . ( 1998 ) . errors in language learning and use : exploring error analysis . london : longman . isbn 0 582 25763 - 8 ( paperback ) . rrp : 14 . 99 . the analysis of errors in cognitive , linguistic and other psychological processes has a long history dating back to the introduction of signal detection theory in psychophysics and behavioural learning paradigms . although many applied linguists now favour interlanguage paradigms for second-language acquisition , error analysis ( ea ) is still widely used in language classes . the attraction of ea lies in one 's ability to isolate variability in responses , such as distinguishing true errors from """""""" mistakes """""""" , which simple """""""" correct / incorrect """""""" paradigms tend to discard . in this new book on ea in language learning and usage , carl james builds on his earlier work on contrastive analysis and applied linguistics to further explore the role that performance errors play in language acquisition ( particularly second-language acquisition ) . the book consists of a historical overview of ea in applied linguistics , and then embarks on an ambitious attempt to both define and constrain the scope and methodology of ea in language processing and language learning . this methodology includes typologies for classifying and understanding how errors arise , as well as algorithmic specifications for the diagnosis and error correction in clinical and educational settings . the first chapter aims to give a historical overview of ea in the context of its origins , its inspirations , its competitors , and its influences on second language teaching . james defines an error as """""""" an unsuccessful bit of language """""""" ( p . 1 ) which seems to be as succinct and compact a description as i ' ve ever read ! however , this very readable style of writing , whilst appearing informal , is maintained through later chapters where discussion of technical issues could easily have been obfuscated by a poor writing style . first - and second-order paradigms within language learning are described in detail in this chapter , with the interlanguage and crosslinguistic approaches compared with alternatives such as ea and contrastive analysis . idiosyncratic and language-specific difficulties in language learnability are also covered in the context of linguistic change and metalinguistic influences on successful language acquisition . several methods for collecting data in ea are informally introduced in this chapter ( e . g . , error elicitations such as the """""""" broad trawl """""""" ) , which naturally leads into the second chapter on defining the scope of ea in language acquisition . the second chapter begins with an enlightening discussion of popular conceptions of what """""""" proper """""""" language is ( such as the king 's english ) , and catalogues the many failed attempts to enforce a """""""" correct """""""" dialect of english both in britain and asia ( the """""""" complaints """""""" tradition ) . this issue is clearly relevant for defining exactly what an error is , given the absolutist attributions made by some educators and policy makers about the tenability or correctness of certain forms of spoken and written english ( i . e . , """""""" standard """""""" english ) . james outlines some typologies for understanding language norms based on geographical and historical constraints , but correctly identifies deficiencies in these schemes ( particularly the failure , for example , to understand the role of colonialism in language preferences ) . this issue is taken up with respect to the issue of power and authority of native speakers with respect to non-native speakers of english , and conversely how the desire to speak a second language can unwittingly result in language loss and native - language change . chapters 3 , 4 and 5 focus on the definition and description of errors within the ea paradigm , having defined the focus of the ea methodology in the previous chapters . james begins by defining learners ' ignorance of a target language in terms of four categories of deviance : grammaticality , acceptability , correctness and strangeness . it is a clear advantage of the authors ' approach to ea that both grammatical / rational and performance / empirical approaches to language acquisition are covered by his typology , thus not """""""" taking sides """""""" with one viewpoint or the other . this rationale is based on the idea that ea is a methodology rather than a theoretical prescription . this focus continues with a discussion of error detection methods , in the context of locating and describing such errors in different parts of speech and indeed with respect to discourses longer than single sentences or phrases . the importance of a pluralistic approach which is tolerant of differences in dialects is emphasised , whilst ensuring that objective and stationary criteria are applied to utterances and writing within each dialect group . error taxonomies , such as feature and surface structure approaches , are outlined in detail with worked examples , which are one of the key design features of the authors ' pedagogical approach . computer - assisted analysis of errors is also discussed , as are specific algorithmic approaches to rating levels of error in lexical and grammatical processes . the next two chapters focus on diagnosing errors and evaluating their seriousness and impact for second-language learners in particular . possible negative influences , such as interlingual errors arising from conflicts between the target language and mother tongue , are treated in detail , as are intralingual errors and inconsistencies which the non-native speaker encounters for the first time in the target language , such as over-generalisations and false analogies . in addition , the role of culture in influencing and perhaps determining some aspects of linguistic behaviour is discussed , for example , how native speakers might """""""" gate """""""" a non-native speaker . error gravity and comprehensibility are also covered , as are some amusing examples given for """""""" the irritation factor """""""" . the sociopragmatic consequences of error production in social situations , and the potentially negative outcomes for non-native speakers , are also discussed . chapter 8 discusses pragmatic strategies for using ea to correct errors in speech and writing for second language learners . these are enhanced by a number of case studies presented in chapter 9 . the issues covered in these last two chapters are non-trivial for applied linguistics : is second - language teaching effective ? if so , which approaches are best suited to particular kinds of students ? are formal / grammatical or informal / conversational approaches superior ? although james provides no magic answers for any of these questions , he does present a coherent methodology for answering these kinds of questions for individual situations , which is the great appeal of this book . this book would be suitable as an undergraduate or graduate text in applied linguistics or tesl programmes , but will be an invaluable reference for researchers in related fields such as psycholinguistics and machine translation , who might be searching for a more formal methodology for understanding error production in their respective fields . this book will be an indispensable addition to every linguist 's library . reviewed by : paul a . watters , department of computing , school of mathematics , physics , computing and electronics , macquarie university nsw 2109 , australia . tel . : + 61 - 2-9850 - 9541 ; fax : + 61 - 2-9850 - 9551 ; e - mail : pwatters @ mpce . mq . edu . au . paul a . watters is a research officer at macquarie university in australia , and is currently working on computational representations of semantics in models of language and speech production , as well as developing pragmatic approaches to machine translation . he is an associate editor of the south pacific journal of psychology .
  """",0
  1794,""""Subject: new book : phonetics , phonology
   
   please post the following book : ladd , d . robert ( university of edinburgh ) ; intonational phonology ; isbn : 0-521 - 47575 - 9 ; paperback ; 6 x 9 ; 349 pp . ; pub . date : 01 / 13 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 23 . 95 ; intonation is becoming increasingly prominent in areas from phonology to speech recognition . ladd gives an exceptionally clear overview of the key ideas of pierrehumbert 's autosegmental-metrical theory to intonational phonology , and discusses alternative approaches . he also looks critically at the version put forward by generativists , and offers his own solutions . this book will appeal to phonologists as an original contribution , and will be welcomed by students and researchers , who will find in it the ideal overview of recent work . ; contents : 1 . introduction to intonational phonology ; 2 . fundamental concepts of the autosegmental-metrical theory ; 3 . phonological representation of pitch in the am theory ; 4 . cross - language comparison of intonation ; 5 . patterns of prominence ; 6 . prosodic structure ; 7 . ! pitch range . ; order info : www . cup . org / order . html
  """",0
  1795,""""Subject: books on pragmatics
   
   john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new titles in the field of pragmatics : handbook of pragmatics manual & annual supplements jef verschueren , jan - ola ostman , jan blommaert & chris bulcaen ( university of antwerp / university of helsinki ) manual 1994 . xiv , 658 pp . us / canada : hb : 1-55619 - 503 - 6 price : usd 160 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 5081 2 price : nlg 320 , - - supplement 1995 . 336 pp . + binder us / canada : 1-55619 - 511 - 7 price : usd 97 . 00 rest of the world : 90 272 2157 x price : 194 , - - supplement 1996 . vi , 268 pp . us / canada : 1 55619 512 5 price : usd 79 . 00 rest of the world : 90 272 2158 8 price : nlg 158 , - - supplement 1997 . ca . 320 pp . us / canada : 1 55619 527 3 price : usd 89 . 00 rest of the world : 90 272 2173 1 price : nlg 178 , - - the handbook of pragmatics aims to provide easy access for scholars with widely divergent backgrounds but with convergent interests in the use and functioning of language to the different topics , traditions and methods which together make up the field of pragmatics , broadly conceived as """""""" the cognitive , social and cultural study of language and communication """""""" . the handbook of pragmatics will be an annually updated state-of - the-art publication . the main body of the handbook will be produced in loose-leaf format in a handsome 3 - ring binder and will be accompanied by a bound manual , which will contain all necessary background information and user guidelines . this manual will be the first installment of the handbook . within the subsequent five years , the loose-leaf handbook will form the basis of the handbook proper giving an overview of the sub-fields , traditions , methodologies and concepts of pragmatics . after this phase , the handbook will continue to be expanded , topics will be dealt with in depth and updated annually . the project is thus a unique work of reference that guarantees to be always a state-of - the-art source book for researchers . current issues in relevance theory villy rouchota and andreas h . jucker ( eds ) 1998 . xii , 368 pp . pragmatics & beyond ns 58 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 821 3 price : usd 75 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 5072 3 price : nlg 150 , - - the eleven original papers collected in this volume address themselves to some of the central issues in the relevance theoretic research programme since the 1995 publication of the second edition of sperber and wilson 's relevance . communication and cognition . several papers investigate the distinction between conceptual and procedural meaning in order to account for the semantics of discourse connectives , for the role of intonation in utterance interpretation , and for focus phenomena . other papers explore the role of the relevance theoretic notion of metarepresentation in utterance interpretation and prove its usefulness in the study of both linguistic topics such as epistemic modality and conditional clauses , and in the reanalysis of literary issues such as verbal humour . some of the central pragmatic issues dealt with are the interpretation of semantically underdetermined linguistic forms , the role and nature of pragmatic inference , the distinction between truth-conditional and non-truth - conditional meaning and the separation between explicitly and implicitly communicated meaning . the theory 's application to sociolinguistic topics is assessed and developed in an inspired account of phatic communication ; and the theory 's usefulness in accounting for certain types of """""""" grammatical """""""" constraints is explored in relation to certain restrictions in the interpretation of indefinite descriptions . contributions by : richard breheny ; carmen curco ; victoria escandell - vidal ; thorstein fretheim ; corinne iten ; manuel leonetti ; eun - ju noh ; anna papafragou ; villy rouchota and andreas h . jucker ; michiko takeuchi ; vladimir zegarac . bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
  """",0
  1796,""""Subject: varieties of english
   
   second international conference on major varieties of english maven ii lincoln university campus , england september 9-11 , 1999 conference theme : the english language today : functions and representations plenary speakers include : nicholas coupland eric fudge salikoko mufwene the main aim of the conference is to profile the changing global presenceof english and the resulting effects on developments and changes in the language today . paper proposals are invited on all aspects of the use of major varieties of english today , in particular on the following themes : formal and functional developments and changes in english mediated uses of english international profile of english english and corporate culture english language in literature english and world communication competing target varieties fo learners text and corpus analysis etc . submission of paper proposals abstracts of paper proposals should be no more than 250 words in length , and should be double spaced . please submit three copies , one with name , affiliation and personal details ( address for correspondence , phone / fax numbers , e . mail address ) . please mention at the bottom what area or theme you believe your abstract covers ( e . g . pragmatics , media language , dialectology , political sociology etc . ) send abstracts to reach no later than dec . 15 , 1998 to : p . b . nayar faculty of arts and technology lincoln university campus brayford pool lincoln , ls6 7ts united kingdom abstracts may also be submitted as an attachment to e . mail ( one copy with all information required ) to : pnayar @ ulh . ac . uk papers should be targeted for a half-hour slot , of which at least 10 minutes will be reserved for post-presentation discussion . so the available time for actual paper presentation will be 20 minutes . notification of acceptance will be made by march 15 , 1998 lincoln university has an attractive , modern campus with excellent facilities , on a scenic location in the historic cathedral city of lincoln . lincoln is well connected by rail and road from london ( 120 miles ) manchester ( 90 miles ) and nottingham ( 40 miles ) . accommodation the registration package includes two nights in very modern , comfortable on-campus rooms with ensuite bath and self-catering facilities at very moderate prices . an additional night will cost 15 . there are also several hotels in the city within walking distance from the campus . the cost ranges from 50 to 80 per night . registration full conference package : registration + on campus accommodation for two nights + two breakfasts 150 registarion only : 120 daily registration : 45 conference dinner on 10 / 9 / 99 25 ( optional ) all rates include lunch ( es ) and refreshments on the days of attendance . there will be a late surcharge on registrations received after june 1 , 1999 all presenters will receive detailed information package . for enquries and additional information , contact : the conference secretary - maven ii faculty of arts and technology lincoln university campus brayford pool lincoln , ln6 7ts u . k . tel : + 44 1522 886251 fax : + 44 1522 886021 e . mail : pnayar @ ulh . ac . uk information and updates also available on our website at www . lincoln . ac . uk / communications
  """",0
  1797,""""Subject: towards culturally situated agents
   
   * * * call for papers and participation * * * issues in cross cultural communication """""""" towards culturally situated agents """""""" http : / / www . nttmsc . com . my / kido / pricai98cfp . html 24th of november 1998 , singapore introduction culture underlies every aspect of social behavior and influences communication style , personality , character , motivation , knowledge and cognition . there is an extensive body of work on cross-cultural differences in communication styles in the linguistics and cultural anthropology literature . in the intelligent user interface design community , over the years , fueled by the recognition that different types of users are motivated by different needs and goals , attention has been given to the development of adaptive user interfaces . however , this line of research and development has given little consideration to the influence that culture plays in shaping what users want out of the computational experience . in order to create interfaces that accommodate different user styles , therefore , it is important to understand these cultural influences , since , in many cases , a user will react to interfaces on the basis of cultural background . similarly , if we are to view an agent , software or robot as a social member of a """""""" cyber society , """""""" then that agent must be able to invoke cultural knowledge in order to communicate flexibly with human users and possibly other agents . if agents are reflective only of their designers ' communicative behaviors and are not able to adapt to the styles of other agents which they meet in heterogeneous , distributed environments and virtual reality worlds , then our agents may be trapped in a tower of babel . the goal of this workshop is to discuss cultural influences as they ( may ) inform interactions among human and software agents . this workshop is intended to attract participants from those communities concerned with such a perspective of communication . topics of interest the workshop aims to be interdisciplinary in nature and is therefore open to contributions from various research fields . the topics which the workshop addresses are relevant , for instance , in : anthropology , sociology , sociolinguistics , human computer interaction ( hci ) , cscw , machine learning , adaptive systems research , collaborative virtual environments , multi-media multi-user environments , ethnology , social sciences , psychology and cognitive science . the scope of this workshop includes , but need not be restricted to the following topics : * the nature of cross cultural communication , including case studies and examples * the origin and evolution of communication * linguistic and ethnographic studies of cross cultural communication * negotiation strategies among humans from different cultural backgrounds * negotiation strategies among agents informed by different cultural principles * user interfaces and new media for cross cultural communication * the impact of internet technology on cross cultural communication * culturally situated metaphors in interface , machine and agent design * ethnomethodology in interface and agent design * culturally dependent metaphors and language of describing and talking about humans , machines and agents : influences on the design process , theory / model building , and scientific experimentation * case studies of program execution problems due to agent to agent and human to agent miscommunication * standards which are open to the development of multiple ontologies of mult iagent communication in heterogeneous environments * working examples of culturally adaptive agents in multiagent or human-agent systems papers should address these topics in the context of how they relate to issues in agent design and agent behavior . participation and submission of papers the workshop will comprise a few keynote talks , a panel discussion with participants from different research areas and presentations of preliminary findings by workshop participants . participants will be selected by the organizing committee ( see below ) based on submitted papers . potential participants who wish to present their work at the workshop should submit a short paper ( up to 5 , 000 words ) or extended abstract ( 1 , 500 to 2 , 500 words ) . contributions should describe work in progress , completed work , positions , or give significant insight into the issues on cross cultural communication . other potential participants should send a statement of interest ( one page ) , briefly describing their work and their interest in the workshop . some of the participants will be asked to contribute a paper to the final working notes . all participants will be invited to bring a poster presenting their work . submissions should be sent by e-mail ( ascii , unix compatible postscript , or rtf ) to the workshop chair , takashi kido , msc-kido @ po1 . infosphere . or . jp for more information about the workshop , please contact the workshop chair , takashi kido , msc-kido @ po1 . infosphere . or . jp important dates * abstracts / papers due by : july 18 1998 * notification of acceptance : september 20 , 1998 * camera - ready version of final paper due : october 18 , 1998 * date of workshop : sunday , november 22 , 1998 organizing committee kido takashi ntt msc kuala lumpur , malaysia - - - - - - - - - patricia o'neill - brown asia pacific technology program u . s . department of commerce washington , dc , usa - - - - - - - - - - - kerstin dautenhahn department of cybernetics university of reading uk - - - - - - - - - stephen smoliar fx palo alto laboratory us - - - - - - - - - workshop chair please send abstracts / papers or any questions to kido takashi ntt msc sdn bhd ( 437563 - h ) letter box no . 37 , 18th floor , ubn tower no . 10 . jalan p . ramlee , 50250 kuala lumpa , malaysia kuala lumpur , malaysia phone : + 60 3 238 4077 fax : + 60 3 238 4037 - 202 0476 e - mail : msc-kido @ po1 . infosphere . or . jp
  """",0
  1798,""""Subject: psycholinguistics
   
   jean aitchison , the articulate mammal an introduction to psycholinguistics , 4th edition this highly successful text has been substantially revised to take account of the considerable changes in chomsky 's recent ideas . the chapters on grammatical innateness , child language acquisition , and speech comprehension have been largely rewritten and new material and references throughout the book make it completely up-to - date with key developments in the field . table of contents introduction 1 . the great automatic grammatizor : need anything be innate ? 2 . animals that try to talk : is language restricted to humans ? 3 . grandmama 's teeth : is there biological evidence for innate language capacity ? 4 . predestinate grooves : is there a pre-ordained language ' programme ' ? 5 . the blueprint in the brain : what grammatical information might conceivably be innate ? 6 . chattering children : are chattering children following ` rules ' when they learn to speak ? 7 . puzzling it out : exactly how do children learn language ? 8 . celestial unintelligibility : why propose a transformational grammar ? 9 . the white elephant problem : do we need a transformational grammar in order to speak ? 10 . the case of the missing fingerprint : how do we understand speech ? 11 . the cheshire cat 's grin : how do we plan and produce speech ? 12 . banker 's clerk or hippopotamus ? : the future of psycholinguistics notes and suggestions for further reading references routledge : 1998 : 320 pp cl : 0 415 16866 x : # d5684 : $ 75 . 00 pb : 0 415 16791 4 : # d5688 : $ 24 . 99 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
  """",0
  1799,""""Subject: translation studies
   
   mona baker , editor , routledge encyclopedia of translation studies this is the first full-length encyclopedia of its kind . covering virtually every conceivable aspect of translation , from the translators themselves , methods and terminology , and the history of translation in all the major linguistic and cultural communities , this fascinating volume features contributions by umberto eco , anthony pym , lawrence venuti , judith woodsworth , roger bell , juliane house , jean delisle , carol maier , ian mason and other experts in the field of language and linguistics . the entries are supported by powerful reference tools , including an extensive index , a comprehensive bibliography and exhaustive suggestions for further reading . routledge : 1998 : 680 pp cl : 0 415 09380 5 : # d3367 : $ 165 . 00 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
  """",0
  1800,""""Subject: special volume on relevance theory
   
   dear all , at the end of this month a special volume of our international journal """""""" revista alicantina de estudios ingleses """""""" ( raei ) , entirely devoted to relevance theory , will be published . here you are the contents : revista alicantina de estudios ingleses volume 11 ( 1998 ) editors : jose mateo and francisco yus contents preface dan sperber and deirdre wilson the possible place of relevance theory in a cognitive explanation of literature josi luis guijarro university of cadiz unembedded definite descriptions and relevance robert j . stainton carleton university phatic interpretations : standarisation and conventionalisation steve nicolle & billy clark middlesex university is relevance theory asocial ? mark jary university of london arousing the receiver 's involvement by flouting the communicative principles marisa dmez arroyo university of oviedo processing for relevance marjolein groefsema university of hertfordshire relevance : a thematic bibliographical list ( more than 500 references ) francisco yus university of alicante relevance and the translation of poetry marta dahlgren thorsell university of vigo relevance and modality josi luis berbeira gardsn university of cadiz communication , information , and relevance fernando garcma murga universidad autsnoma de madrid when is relevance ? on the role of salience in utterance interpretation rachel giora tel aviv university communication in relevance theory nathalie franken * universiti libre de bruxelles roots of miscommunication elena schmitt university of south carolina rhetorical questions , relevance and scales javier gutiirrez rexach the ohio state university against blurring the explicit / implicit distinction begoqa vicente cruz universidad del pams vasco uned , madrid be relevant ( relevance , translation and cross culture ) jose mateo university of alicante interpersonal communication and context accessibility in the interpretation of ironic utterances . a case study : rastell 's version of la celestina m * angeles ruiz moneva university of zaragoza those analysts willing to buy a copy of the volume should send me an e-mail , as soon as possible , providing an address where they can be contacted in july . they will be sent an order form to be returned with such details as credit card number , etc . the price of the volume will be 3000 pesetas ( roughly 26 dollars , 13 pounds ) . if you intend to attend the forthcoming workshop on relevance theory to be held in middlesex next september , you will also be able to buy the volume there , filling a form or buying a copy if available ( there will be some copies on display ) . i would be grateful if those intending to buy the volume there also sent me an e-mail letting me know , so that i can work out how many copies of the volume i should send to the workshop . i look forward to hearing from you . cordially , - dr . francisco yus university of alicante department of english studies http : / / www . ua . es / dfing apartado 99 , e-03080 alicante ( spain ) e-mail : francisco . yus @ alc . es ( home ) e-mail : francisco . yus @ ua . es ( university ) tel : ( 96 ) 5103527 ( home ) tel : ( 96 ) 5903400 - ext : 3027 ( university )
  """",0
  1801,""""Subject: descriptive linguistics
   
   sanford b . steever , ed , , the dravidian languages this authoritative reference provides unique descriptions of 11 dravidian languages , covering their historical development with discussions of their specialized linguistic structures and features . each chapter combines modern linguistic theory with traditional historical linguistics and a uniform chapter structure allows for easy comparison between the individual languages . two further chapters provide general information about the language family - - the introduction covers the history , cultural implications and linguistic background , and a separate article on dravidian writing systems . written by a team of experts , each language chapter offers a detailed analysis of phonology , morpology , syntax and lexicon . routledge language family descriptions routledge : 1998 : 464 pp cl : 0 415 10023 2 : # d3366 : $ 160 . 00 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
  """",0
  1802,""""Subject: historical linguistics
   
   lars johanson and eva agnes csato , eds . , the turkic languages turkic languages is the first reference book for almost forty years to bring together detailed discussions of the historic development and specialized linguistic structures and features of the languages in the turkic family . written by an international team of experts , turkic languages will be invaluable to students and researchers within linguistics , turcology and near eastern and oriental studies . routledge language family descriptions routledge : 1998 : 504 pp cl : 0 415 08200 5 : # d3380 : $ 160 . 00 daniel abondolo , ed , , the uralic languages this book provides a unique survey of individual uralic languages and sub-groupings from finnish to selkup and obugrian to samoyedic . giving both an overview and then detailed analyses of the uralic languages , the volume describes their history and development as well as focusing on their linguistic structure . each chapter is similarly-structured , designed for comparative study and including phonology , morphology , syntax , lexicon and sample text where available . each includes numerous tables to support and illustrate the text and bibliographies of the major references in each language to aid further study . routledge language family descriptions routledge : 1998 : 648 pp cl : 0 415 08198 x : # d3868 : $ 200 . 00 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
  """",0
  1803,""""Subject: reference
   
   george l . campbell , concise compendium of the world ' s languages now available in paperback , the concise compendium of the world 's languages provides clear snapshots of over one hundred languages . drawn from the more comprehensive two volume compendium of the world 's languages , the articles selected for this volume discuss most languages spoken today by populations of at least five to ten million people , as well as minor languages that figure prominently in the contemporary socio-political context . this combination allows little-known languages , such as akan , navajo , basque and zulu , to figure prominently alongside the mainstream languages such as arabic , french , chinese and russian . each entry considers the phonological , morphological and lexical features of the language it discusses . written for language buffs who want to know-in broad outline-how lots of languages work , this terrific book compiles loads of information in one affordable volume . routledge : 1998 : 680 pp pb : 0 415 16049 9 : # d4087 : $ 32 . 99 r . r . k . hartmann and gregory james , dictionary of lexicography despite the frequency with which dictionaries are unquestioningly consulted , many have little idea what actually goes into producing them or how meanings are definitively ascertained . this up-to - date reference work provides straightforward and forward-looking listings of lexicographical terms . routledge : 1998 : 192 pp cl : 0 415 14143 5 : # d5118 : $ 75 . 00 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
  """",0
  1804,""""Subject: program : spanish in contact
   
   7th unm conference on ibero - american culture and society : """""""" spanish and portuguese in contact with other languages """""""" and 16th conference on spanish in the united states february 12-14 , 1998 university of new mexico albuquerque , new mexico commemorating the 400th anniversary of the founding of the first spanish settlement in new mexico in 1598 information on lodging and registration is available on the web : http : / / www . unm . edu / ~ spanish preliminary program thursday , february 12 1 : 30 - 3 : 30 i - a . codeswitching robin m . fetters ( u new mexico ) , """""""" code switching vs . borrowing in northern new mexico / southern colorado spanish """""""" ana teresa perez - leroux & erin o'rourke ( pennsylvania st u ) , """""""" processing of intrasentential code-switching in english and spanish bilinguals : grammatical constraints versus base language effects """""""" inma mun ~ oa ( u illinois - urbana / champaign ) , """""""" codeswitching in bilingual conversation : evidence from basque - spanish bilinguals """""""" sara rodriguez ( suny - buffalo ) , """""""" social implications for code - switching in a sample of 12 puerto rican speakers living in the united states """""""" 1 : 30 - 3 : 30 i - b . contact situations leopoldina maria s . araujo ( belem , brazil ) , """""""" portugues de contato de um povo indigena da amazonia brasileira """""""" jurgen heye ( pontificia u catolica - rio de janeiro ) , """""""" immigrant language contacts with brazilian portuguese : the case of brasildeutsch """""""" susana v . rivera - mills ( northern arizona u ) , """""""" language shift in a northern california community """""""" virginia zavala ( georgetown u ) , """""""" a case of shift-induced substratum interference : the andean spanish from el valle del mantaro , peru """""""" 3 : 45 - 5 : 45 ii - a . texts and literacy devin jenkins ( u new mexico ) , """""""" using the internet to study language shift : examples from electronic texts of bilingual dominicans in the united states """""""" arturo fernandez - gibert ( u new mexico ) , """""""" la voz del pueblo : el espan ~ ol en la prensa nuevomexicana en los an ~ os previos a la estatalidad ( 1890-1912 ) """""""" juan a . trujillo ( oregon st u ) , """""""" socioeconomic identity and linguistic borrowing in pre-statehood new mexico legal texts """""""" sandra l . pucci ( u wisconsin - milwaukee ) , """""""" spanish language literacy maintenance : central americans in los angeles """""""" 3 : 45 - 5 : 45 ii - b . syntactic variation kareen gervasi ( u southern california ) , """""""" relativization in the spanish of bilingual speakers from the southwest """""""" e . atienza , p . battaner , a . bel , l . borras , lourdes diaz , c . hernandez , e . hurtado , c . lopez , r . martinez , & s . torner ( u pompeu fabra ) , """""""" lenguas peninsulares en contacto : castellano y catalan en la produccion de estudiantes universitarios bilingues """""""" j . clancy clements ( indiana u ) , """""""" l2 word order acquisition in a contact situation """""""" liliana paredes ( u north carolina - greensboro ) , """""""" the proficiency continuum in quechua - spanish bilingual speakers : an analysis of the verbal clitic system """""""" 7 : 00 - 9 : 00 reception at hilton hotel friday , february 13 8 : 45-10 : 15 iii - a . grammatical variation rob smead ( brigham young u ) , """""""" on the assignment of gender to chicano anglicisms : processes and results """""""" marta fairclough ( u houston ) , """""""" modal expressions in a contact situation : _ deber de _ vs . _ tener que _ in the spanish spoken in houston """""""" michelle f . ramos - pellicia ( ohio st u ) , """""""" gerund constructions in the spanish of puerto rico """""""" 8 : 45-10 : 15 iii - b . language policy and planning shaw n . gynan ( western washington u ) , """""""" sociolinguistic dimensions of guarani - spanish contact and paraguayan language policy in the context of inter - american human rights """""""" earl rees ( portland st u ) , """""""" the catalan linguistic normalization law : the implementation polemic """""""" eduardo hernandez chavez ( u new mexico ) , """""""" los derechos linguisticos en nuevo mexico : el llamado bilinguismo oficial estatal """""""" 10 : 30-12 : 00 iv - a . language contact and change marilia de nazare ferreira ( belem , brazil ) , """""""" algumas reflexo ~ es sobro o portugues falado pelos mebengnokren da aldeia gorotire no sul do estado do para , amazonia , brasil """""""" nicole maier ( u central florida ) , """""""" linguistic strategies in cuban and puerto rican spanish as determined by contact settings """""""" luis a . ortiz lopez ( u puerto rico - mayaguez ) , """""""" el sistema verbal del espan ~ ol haitiano en cuba : implicaciones para las lenguas en contacto en el caribe """""""" 10 : 30-12 : 00 iv - b . syntax-semantics martha elizabeth ruiz - garcia ( u new mexico ) , """""""" la funcionalidad de la doble negacion chocoana y su estado sociolinguistico actual """""""" maria jose gonzalez ( u illinois - urbana / champaign ) , """""""" preverbal double negation as a means for emphasis """""""" anna maria escobar ( u illinois - urbana / champaign ) , """""""" semantic and pragmatic uses of the spanish diminutive in spanish in contact with quechua """""""" 1 : 30 - 3 : 00 v - a . lexical variation in us spanish eva mendieta ( indiana u northwest ) & isabel molina ( u alcala ) , """""""" lexical characterization of the spanish spoken in northwest indiana """""""" arnulfo g . ramirez ( louisiana st u ) , """""""" lexical characteristics of southwest spanish and the atlas linguistico de hispanoamerica """""""" ana emilia leon ( u texas - permian basin ) , """""""" spanish diastratic and diatopic morpho-lexical variation in midland - odessa , texas """""""" 1 : 30 - 3 : 00 v - b . communicative strategies rainer enrique hamel ( u autonoma metropolitana ) , """""""" fronteras linguisticas y estrategias discursivas en la interaccion bilingue espan ~ ol-hn ~ ahn ~ u en mexico """""""" lenora a . timm ( u california - davis ) , """""""" ' a binary phenomenon ' : the pragmatics of spanish - english code-switching in chicano / a poetry """""""" maria dolores gonzales velasquez ( u new mexico ) , """""""" deshaciendo enredos : language and power imbalances in mediation """""""" 3 : 15 - 5 : 15 vi - a . phonological variation susana de los heros ( u rhode island ) , """""""" the influence of quechua in the assibilation of ( r ) in the spanish spoken in cusco """""""" sarah j . youngblood ( college of wooster ) , """""""" spirantization in the spanish of winesburg , ohio """""""" jerry r . craddock ( u california - berkeley ) , """""""" the resolution of vocalic hiatus between words in new mexican spanish """""""" fernanda ferreira & rena torres cacoullos ( u new mexico ) , """""""" la labiodental sonora en nuevo mexico : ? influencia del ingles o rasgo dialectal ? """""""" 3 : 15 - 5 : 15 vi - b . discourse madeline maxwell ( u texas - austin ) , """""""" when the interpreter is also a conversational partner """""""" carmen silva - corvalan ( u southern california ) , """""""" coping with two languages from birth """""""" lourdes torres ( u kentucky ) , """""""" bilingual discourse marking in new york puerto rican speech """""""" diane ringer uber ( college of wooster ) , """""""" ' dealing ' with bilingualism : business language in puerto rico """""""" 5 : 30 - 6 : 30 plenary speaker carol a . klee ( u minnesota ) , """""""" historical perspectives on spanish - quechua language contact in peru """""""" saturday , february 14 8 : 45-10 : 45 vii - a . panel : """""""" subject pronouns in five dialects of spanish in new york city : preliminary analyses of social , linguistic , semantic , and discourse variables """""""" co - chairs and discussants : ana celia zentella ( hunter college ) & ricardo otheguy ( city u new york ) nydia flores & jeannette toro ( city u new york ) , """""""" the persistence of dialect features under conditions of leveling and contact """""""" atsuko miyajima ( city u new york ) , """""""" el espan ~ ol en nueva york : aparicion del pronombre personal ( sujeto ) analizado desde el punto de vista del sentido del verbo """""""" silvia rivero ( city u new york ) , """""""" the alternation of verbal [ s ] / [ h ] / 0 and the use of pronouns by spanish speakers in new york city """""""" jocelyn solis ( city u new york ) , """""""" power relations as predictive factors for pronoun expression in the discourse of new york spanish speakers """""""" 8 : 45-10 : 45 vii - b . lexicons in contact veronica grondona ( u pittsburgh ) , """""""" language contact and the influence of spanish on mocovi """""""" asun martinez - arbelaiz ( michigan st u ) , """""""" basque lexical items in journalist spanish : on their motivation and significance """""""" holly wilson ( u new mexico ) , """""""" the effects of spanish on the lexicon and syntax of english - spanish bilinguals """""""" 11 : 00-12 : 00 plenary speaker ana roca ( florida international u ) , """""""" planning for the future of spanish in the united states """""""" 1 : 30 - 3 : 00 viii - a . theory and method maryellen garcia ( u texas - san antonio ) , """""""" _ yo todo el tiempo fue a la escuela _ : language fluency and fuzzy semantics """""""" ricardo otheguy ( city u new york ) , """""""" an appraisal of the theoretical underpinnings of recent major works on spanish in the u . s . """""""" xoan paulo rodriguez - yan ~ ez ( u vigo ) , """""""" el contraste entre los estudios macro y los estudios microsociolinguisticos en el caso del contacto gallego-espan ~ ol : algunas ensen ~ anzas teoricas y metodologicas """""""" 1 : 30 - 3 : 00 viii - b . applied issues in new mexico mary fanelli ayala ( eastern new mexico u ) , """""""" clash or fusion ? the challenges of teaching spanish to the ' native speaker ' in new mexico """""""" ysaura bernal - enriquez ( u new mexico ) , """""""" spanish language loss in _ la nueva mexico _ """""""" daniel villa ( new mexico st u ) , """""""" the instrumentality of spanish in a u . s . - mexico border region """""""" 3 : 15 - 5 : 15 ix - a . attitudes and use gabriela alfaraz ( michigan st u ) , """""""" dialect contact in miami , florida : the attitudes of cubans toward other spanish varieties """""""" parastoo anita mesri ( u california - los angeles ) , """""""" the role of spanish in mexicana / o , chicana / o , latina / o communities in the u . s . : a unifying bond , a tie to the homeland , a way to resist assimilation """""""" caryn c . connelly ( u minnesota ) , """""""" patterns of language choice and language preference among mexican teens : preliminary findings for phoenix , arizona """""""" patricia macgregor - mendoza ( new mexico st u ) , """""""" spanish use and attitudes among youths in two mexican communities """""""" 3 : 15 - 5 : 15 ix - b . pronominal variation jennifer austin ( cornell u ) , """""""" _ leismo _ in the basque of basque - spanish bilinguals """""""" jinny k . choi ( georgetown u ) , """""""" a syntactic feature in paraguayan spanish : [ - person ] object clitic drop """""""" liliana sanchez ( carnegie mellon u ) , """""""" unmarkedness : the source of null definite objects in contact spanish """""""" teresa satterfield ( u michigan ) , """""""" patterns of pronominal variability in bilingual speech """""""" 7 : 00 conference dinner 9 : 00 gran baile de despedida
  """",0
  1805,""""Subject: new books : multimedia language courses
   
   these exciting , easy-to - use multimedia language courses ( chinese , french , portuguese and spanish ) offer 20 interactive lessons covering a range of everyday travel , business , and leisure situations . developed from the highly successful print and audio series , these courses feature sound , academically-proven principles for acquiring the skills to speak the language with comfort and ease . features : - - wide range of exercise types for interactive learning , lots of material per unit : word order , matching , multiple choice , drag and fill , listening comprehension , record and play back ( so you can perfect your accent ) , roleplay , translation , and writing - - flexible : go at your own pace , clicking on words or phrases to listen to them again , using the sound controls , taking time to record and listen to yourself . reset the screen ( write , fill in blank and matching screens ) to clear your answers and start again - - variety of ways to listen to audio material : use sound controls to play entire recording , stopping or pausing wherever you choose , or simply click on all words and phrases in blue - - easy navigation : with buttons , menus and onscreen instructions . also a history feature ( back button ) to return to previous screen accessed - - each lesson is a self contained unit , with easy-to - follow color-coded exercise types ( pronunciation , exercises and situations ) . if the user prefers , s / he can use the list screens feature on the resources menu which lists all screen types and enables user to practise a particular exercise type - - extensive support material : user guide with annotated screen graphics , online help , tutorial ( from help menu ) , introduction to and instructions for every screen , language point ( grammar ) index for each lesson , comprehensive vocabulary list with translation ( can hide translation to test your knowledge ) , keyword search facility , irregular verb list ( all from resources menu ) - - fully searchable grammatical support ( language points ) accessible at any time : from all exercise screens , toolbar or menu - - character , radical , tones and strokes ( chinese only ) - - talking dictionary ( chinese only ) - - dialogues with translation ( chinese has characters , pinyin and english ) * * * note : for pc platforms kan qian , colloquial chinese cd-rom a multimedia language course routledge : 1998 cr : 0 415 14291 1 : # d2498 : $ 75 . 00 alan moys , colloquial french cd-rom a multimedia language course routledge : 1998 cr : 0 415 14290 3 : # d2501 : $ 75 . 00 barbara mcintyre and joao sampaio , colloquial portuguese cd-rom a multimedia language course routledge : 1998 cr : 0 415 14289 x : # d2499 : $ 75 . 00 untza oatala alday , colloquial spanish cd-rom a multimedia language course routledge : 1998 cr : 0 415 14195 8 : # d2502 : $ 75 . 00
  """",0
  1806,""""Subject: computational semantics
   
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - third international workshop on computational semantics ( iwcs - 3 ) january 13-15 , 1999 , tilburg , the netherlands - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( second ) call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - the linguistics department at tilburg university will host the third international workshop on computational semantics , that will take place in tilburg , the netherlands , 13 - 15 january 1999 . the aim of the workshop is to bring together researchers involved in the study of computational aspects of the semantics of natural language . topics of interest the workshop will focus on computational aspects of formal semantic theories and on the theoretical issues involved in the development of natural language processing systems . papers are invited in areas which include , but are not limited to , the following topics : * working with underspecified semantic representations * use of context in interpretation * the semantics-pragmatics interface * dynamic interpretation in text and dialogue * information packaging * computational lexical semantics * interpretation and inference * interpretation in multi-modal interaction * context modelling * speech acts and interpretation * incremental interpretation * connections with theorem proving and knowledge representation submission requirements authors are asked to submit an original paper of maximally 5000 words by september 15 , 1998 . papers should be prepared with latex and should be submitted by email . all submitted papers will be refereed by the programme committee . accepted papers will be published in the proceedings ; we also aim at publishing a selection of accepted papers in book form . guidelines for latex preparation of your manuscript are available at the iwcs - 3 web pages : http : / / cwis . kub . nl / ~ fdl / research / ti / docs / iwcs / iwcs . htm for initial submission email a postscript version of the paper to : computational . semantics @ kub . nl programme committee patrick blackburn martha palmer mario borillo manfred pinkal harry bunt ( chair ) steve pulman robin cooper james pustejovsky jan van eijck allan ramsay john etchemendy patrick saint dizier giacomo ferrari lenhart schubert erhard hinrichs rohini srihari megumi kameyama mark steedman daniel kayser enric vallduvi paul mc kevitt wlodek zadrozny reinhard muskens henk zeevat john nerbonne organising committee harry bunt reinhard muskens elias thijsse important dates 15 september 1998 submission of preliminary papers 15 october 1998 notification of acceptance 15 november 1998 final papers due 13-15 january 1999 workshop further information conference secretariat : anne adriaensen department of linguistics tilburg university po box 90153 , 5000 le tilburg the netherlands email : computational . semantics @ kub . nl phone : + 31-13 466 30 60 fax : + 31-13 466 31 10 www : http : / / cwis . kub . nl / ~ fdl / research / ti / docs / iwcs / iwcs . htm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - harry c . bunt professor of linguistics and computer science dean , faculty of arts tilburg university p . o . box 90153 5000 le tilburg , the netherlands phone : + 31 - 13 466 . 3060 ( secretary anne andriaensen ) 2568 ( dean 's office ) 2653 ( office , room b 310 ) fax : + 31 - 13 466 . 3110 harry . bunt @ kub . nl www : http : / / cwis . kub . nl / ~ fdl / general / people / bunt / index . stm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  1807,""""Subject: syllable structure and gesture timing
   
   call for papers : syllable stucture and gesture timing as part of the conference lp ' 98 to be held at ohio state university sept . 15-20 , there will be a workshop funded by the national science foundation sept . 19-20 , on ' syllable structure and gesture timing ' , covering issues related to phonetic and phonological accounts of segmentation , and timing and ordering of gestures in speech , especially how sequences of consonants e . g . [ spr ] , [ ntw ] are formally represented . speech is traditionally represented as a string of segments , defined in terms of features which are implemented simultaneously . in that conception , the phoneme is the minimal phonological unit where time and ordering are defined . as has long been known , the transition from phoneme to phoneme is phonetically realized as a continuous change . there has been a steady progression in phonological theory from linear generative theory to nonlinear representations where the mapping between segments and features is quite relaxed , and highly articulated suprasegmental structures are assumed . a consequence of nonlinear models , which allow single 's egments ' to bear multiple values of a feature and allow one feature to be associated with many 's egments ' , is that one can meaningfully question the existence of the 's egment ' as a formal object . the theory of feature geometry does not explicitly represent the notion 's egment ' , and it has been argued that the traditional segment does not correspond to any specific level of representation in current models . nonlinear models have increasingly tended towards positing complex but internally timeless single 's egments ' in place of clusters of segments : thus , what was formerly represented as a triconsonantal sequence [ ntw ] might also be represented as a single segment , a ' voiceless prenasalised rounded alveolar ' . some languages , such as bella coola and georgian , seem to allow unbounded arbitrary sequences of consonants , which suggests that phonological theory may ultimately need to allow infinitely long syllables and unstructured onsets and codas . one of the central questions to be taken up in the workshop is """""""" are there any universal limits on possible strings of segments in various positions within the syllable """""""" ? this statement of the question begs two quite important questions : do segments per se exist ( and how can one identify whether a given temporal stretch of the phonetic output corresponds to one or more segments ) , and do syllables themselves exist ? both of these assumptions remain controversial , especially in nonlinear phonology . invited speakers for this workshop include donca steriade , john ohala , john harris and louis goldstein . further details on the issues being investigated in this workshop can be found at http : / / ling . ohio-state . edu / events / phon _ workshop . html . one - page abstracts for 30 minute papers to be presented at this workshop are solicited ( due date for receipt of abstracts : august 10 ) . lodging and up to $ 400 to cover economy travel expenses will be provided to authors presenting papers at the workshop . abstracts may be sent by email to odden @ ling . ohio-state . edu , or by surface mail to : syllable workshop department of linguistics ohio state university columbus , oh 43210 please include a surface mail address , email address , and phone number .
  """",0
  1808,""""Subject: stylistics
   
   joanna thornborrow and shan wareing , patterns in language an introduction to language and literary style patterns in language addresses the real needs of students who may not have an extensive background either in traditional literature or in linguistic theory . this student-friendly textbook uses the principles of linguistic analysis to investigate the aesthetic use of language in literary ( and non-literary ) texts . written in straightforward , accessible language with imaginative examples and a humorous tone , it shows how linguistic knowledge can enhance and enrich the analysis of texts . the authors borrow from traditional stylistics , but focus primarily on the recurring linguistic patterns which are used by writers of poetry , fiction and drama . the authors draw on a wide variety of textual sources to illustrate their observations , making reference to both canonical literature and modern literary texts , as well as to popular fiction , television and the language of advertising . exercises designed to develop the students ' understanding of the material are provided at every stage , and sample answers are also included . interface routledge : 1998 : 280 pp cl : 0 415 14063 3 : # d5081 : $ 65 . 00 pb : 0 415 14064 1 : # d5085 : $ 20 . 99 jonathan culpepper , peter verdonk , and mick short , eds . , exploring the language of drama from text to context focusing on the characterization of speech as a form of action , exploring the language of drama introduces students to the stylistic analysis of drama . here , some of the world 's leading scholars demonstrate the importance of analyzing the text of drama rather than focusing on performance , presenting their approaches in an engaging and accessible style . the essays employ techniques from language analysis ( specifically discourse analysis , cognitive linguistics and pragmatic ) to explore the language of plays , looking at how different theories and approaches can be used to help us understand characterization in dialogue , the cognitive patterns that support the narrative and discourse of drama , and the basic mechanisms of conversation in dramatic dialogue . each chapter ends in a summary with follow-up exercises , and offers practical advice on how to analyze a play extract and write it up as an assignment . interface routledge : 1998 : 192 pp cl : 0 415 13794 2 : # d5353 : $ 65 . 00 pb : 0 415 13795 0 : # d5357 : $ 20 . 99
  """",0
  1809,""""Subject: european conference artificial intelligence 98
   
   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | | / \ / \ | | | - - - | | _ _ _ | / _ _ \ | _ _ _ | _ _ , - | - - - | | | / \ | | / | | | | _ _ _ _ _ _ | \ _ _ _ _ _ / / _ _ _ _ _ _ \ | _ _ _ | ` - / \ ' / / \ august 23-28 1998 brighton uk ( ` - ' ecai-98 : the 13th european conference on artificial intelligence second call for participation http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 register before 1 august to receive a discount of up to 50 pounds on the full registration fee . ecai-98 takes place in brighton on 23-28 august 1998 . the main technical programme for the conference comprises 158 top-quality research papers in 48 sessions covering the following topics : analogy , automated reasoning , belief revision , case - based reasoning , cognitive modelling , computational linguistics , constraint reasoning , diagnosis and intelligent tutoring , genetic algorithms , heuristic search , inductive logic programming , knowledge representation , knowledge - based systems , learning rules and decision trees , logic programming , logic - based planning , logics for kr , logics for actions , modelling actions , multiagent systems , nonmononotic reasoning , numerical methods in machine learning , numerical methods and neural nets , ontologies , planning and scheduling , possibilistic modelling , probabilistic modelling , robotics , temporal and spatial reasoning , user interfaces the programme also includes 6 eminent invited speakers : ramon lopez de mantaras , jean - francois puget , david schmeidler , stephen muggleton , jan - olof eklundh and glenn shafer . in addition to the main conference , 12 pre-conference tutorials and 23 pre-conference workshops offer in depth tuition and discussion of specific hot topics in the field . the conference takes place in the brighton centre , an international conference centre right on the seafront in brighton , and features a full range of social event as well as an exhibition of ai products and publications . full details of the main conference programme , workshops , tutorials and other events , plus registration and accommodation information , and a web-based registration form are available on the website . if you would like to receive an email summary of the programme and registration form please respond to this email . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ecai-98 secretariat tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 678448 centre for advanced software applications fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 671320 university of sussex email : ecai98 @ cogs . susx . ac . uk brighton , bn1 9qh , uk url : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 ecai-98 is organised by the european coordinating committee for artificial intelligence ( eccai ) and hosted by the universities of brighton and sussex on behalf of aisb . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  1810,""""Subject: major varieties of english
   
   second international conference on major varieties of english maven ii lincoln university campus , england september 9-11 , 1999 conference theme : the english language today : functions and representations plenary speakers include : nicholas coupland ( university of wales , cardiff ) eric fudge ( university of reading ) salikoko mufwene ( university of chicago ) paper proposals are invited on all aspects of the use of major varieties of english today , in particular on the following themes : formal and functional developments and changes in english mediated uses of english international profile of english english and corporate culture english language in literature english and world communication competing target varieties fo learners text and corpus analysis etc . submission of paper proposals abstracts of paper proposals should be no more than 250 words in length , and should be double spaced . please submit three copies , one with name , affiliation and personal details ( address for correspondence , phone / fax numbers , e . mail address ) . please mention at the bottom what area or theme you believe your abstract covers ( e . g . pragmatics , media language , dialectology , political sociology etc . ) send abstracts to reach no later than dec . 15 , 1998 to : p . b . nayar faculty of arts and technology lincoln university campus brayford pool lincoln , ls6 7ts united kingdom abstracts may also be submitted as an attachment to e . mail ( one copy with all information required ) to : pnayar @ ulh . ac . uk registration full conference package : registration + on campus accommodation for two nights + two breakfasts 150 registarion only : 120 daily registration : 45 conference dinner on 10 / 9 / 99 25 ( optional ) all rates include lunch ( es ) and refreshments on the days of attendance . there will be a late surcharge on registrations received after june 1 , 1999 all presenters will receive detailed information package . for enquries and additional information , contact : the conference secretary - maven ii faculty of arts and technology lincoln university campus brayford pool lincoln , ln6 7ts u . k . tel : + 44 1522 886251 fax : + 44 1522 886021 e . mail : pnayar @ ulh . ac . uk information and updates also available on our website at www . lincoln . ac . uk / communications
  """",0
  1811,""""Subject: sociolinguistics
   
   deborah cameron , ed , , the feminist critique of language a reader since its first publication in 1990 , the feminist critique of language has been the established guide to the major debates and directions in current feminist thinking about language . this edition has been thoroughly updated and expanded to take account of new developments in feminist thought about language , including new material on sexist language and political correctness . new extracts have been included from : felly nkweto simmonds , trinh t . minh - ha , luce irigaray , sara mills , margaret doyle , debbie cameron , susan ehrlich and ruth king , kate clark , sally mcconnell - ginet , deborah tannen , aki uchida , jennifer coates and kira hall . each section has been subdivided to clarify the key areas of debate and new editorial material and suggested reading sections have been added . routledge : 1998 : 392 pp cl : 0 415 16399 4 : # d4787 : $ 75 . 00 pb : 0 415 16400 1 : # d4791 : $ 22 . 99 harold f . schiffman , linguistic culture and language policy now available in paperback , linguistic culture and language policy examines how language policy in three very different nations evolved and how it is not merely the specific embodiment of rule , but rather primarily a social construct that rests on other conceptual elements such as belief systems , attitudes and myths . by scrutinizing the multilingual democracies of india , france and the us , schiffman examines how language policies are formed within a broader framework and are heavily influenced by the covert and implicit grass-roots of its linguistic culture . by seeing language policy as culture-specific , we understand why language policies evolve , why they work - - or not - - and how people 's lives are affected by them . politics of language routledge : 1998 : 368 pp pb : 0 415 18406 1 : # d5174 : $ 29 . 99 peter auer , ed , , code-switching in conversation language , interaction and identity collecting contributions from a wide variety of international sociolinguistic settings in which this phenomenon of code-switching is observed , this volume addresses the structure , function and ideological value of such bilingual behavior . the contributors question many views of code-switching on the basis of many european and non - european contexts . by bringing together linguistic , anthropological and socio-psychological research , they move towards a more realistic conception of bilingual conversation . routledge : 1998 : 368 pp cl : 0 415 15831 1 : # d3859 : $ 90 . 00 david barton and mary hamilton , local literacies reading and writing in one community local literacies is a unique study of everyday reading and writing . by concentrating on a selection of people in a particular community in britain , the authors analyze how they use literacy in their day to day lives . this exploration provides a description of literacy at one point in time , and also reveals the nature and significance of communication to people , households and communities . routledge : 1998 : 320 pp cl : 0 415 17149 0 : # d5178 : $ 90 . 00 pb : 0 415 17150 4 : # d5182 : $ 27 . 99 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
  """",0
  1812,""""Subject: available for review : semantics , lexical database , case grammar
   
   the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org note : please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not provide a link or url to an online cv or homepage - - these will be ignored . please also provide a surface address for us to send the book to . semantics / philosophy of language : ostertag , gary . ( ed . ) ( 1998 ) definite descriptions : a reader . mit press . cambridge ma . lexical database fellbaum , christiane ( ed ) ( 1998 ) . wordnet : an electronic lexical database . mit press , cambridge ma case grammar cook , walter s . j . ( 1998 ) case grammar applied . sil , arlington texas .
  """",0
  1813,""""Subject: esslli workshop : lexical semantics in context
   
   esslli-98 workshop on lexical semantics in context : corpus , inference and discourse august 17 - 21 , 1998 a workshop held as part of the 10th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli-98 ) august 17 - 28 , 1998 , saarbruecken , germany * * call for participation and program * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - program : august 17 : introduction johan bos ( universitaet des saarlandes ) and paul buitelaar ( dfki ) - introduction invited speaker : daniel kayser ( universite paris nord ) - lexical adaptation august 18 : acquisition dimitrios kokkinakis ( goeteborg university ) - extracting lexical semantic knowledge from sub - domains andrea setzer ( sheffield university ) - extracting temporal information from newspaper articles invited speaker : ann copestake ( stanford university ) - comments on kokkinakis and setzer august 19 : representation noriko tomuro ( depaul university ) - semi - automatic induction of underspecified semantic classes chungmin lee , seungho nam ( seoul national university ) and beom - mo kang ( korea university ) - lexical semantic structure for predicates in korean paul buitelaar ( dfki ) - comments on tomuro and lee / nam / kang august 20 : analysis kyoko kanzaki ( waseda university ) and hitoshi isahara ( kansai advanced research center ) - the semantic connection between adnominal and adverbial usage of japanese adnominal constituents mariana damova and sabine bergler ( concordia university ) - inferencing between aspectual verbs and event descriptions anne - marie mineur ( utrecht university ) - building bridges august 21 : systems mihai - valentin tablan , catalina barbu , hortensia popescu , roxana - oana hamza , claudia ciobanu , ionut - ciprian nita , cosmin - danut bocaniala , maria georgescul , dan cristea ( a . i . cuza university ) - co - operation and detachment in discourse understanding invited speaker : bob krovetz ( nec reserach institute ) - multiple senses per discourse
  """",0
  1814,""""Subject: journal of language and linguistics vol 16 . 2 ( january - june 1998 )
   
   journal of language and linguistics vol16 . 2 january - june 1998 ( abstracts ( english ) can be viewed at : http : / / www . tu . ac . th / org / arts / ling / abstract . htm contents : prapasara kometmuneebororak """""""" thai transliteration of russian proper names """""""" ( in thai ) nantana pracharitpakdi et al . """""""" spontaneous speech evaluation of aachen aphasia test ( aat ) """""""" ( in thai ) varisa osatananda """""""" peculiar spelling of """""""" may ek """""""" and """""""" may tho """""""" in some lao words """""""" ( in thai ) utumporn meecharoen et al . """""""" public understanding and preferences of newspaper headlines """""""" ( in thai ) tanawan amy meepoe """""""" the interaction between lexical aspect and progressive - imperfective in thai : a discourse analysis of kamlan and yuu """""""" john hartmann """""""" a linguistic geography and history of thai meueng - fai ( ditch - dike ) techno - culture """""""" journal of language and linguistics , the journal of the department of linguistics faculty of liberal arts , thammasat university , has been published since 1982 . there are two issues a year : july - december and january - june . the journal provides a forum for publication of original articles in any area of language and linguistics , particularly relating to thai language or other languages in southeast asia . for more info , please visit our website at : http : / / www . tu . ac . th / org / arts / ling / journal . htm contact address : department of linguistics faculty of liberal arts thammasat university bangkok 10200 , thailand . tel : ( 662 ) 221-6111 ( - 20 ) ext : 2656 fax : ( 662 ) 224-1389 or : e - mail : yui @ ipied . tu . ac . th
  """",0
  1815,""""Subject: linguistic theory
   
   dominique sportiche , partitions and atoms of clause structure subjects , agreement , case and clitics this collection builds on the theory of principles and parameters and its economy - - minimalist descendants . the essays progressively develop a view of syntactic structures in which syntactic properties are increasingly analyzed as atomized in progressively smaller elementary components and partitioned in the way these elementary components are represented . dominique sportiche argues that as a consequence of this view , languages do not differ at all in their syntactic organization . routledge leading linguists routledge : 1998 : 448 pp cl : 0 415 16926 7 : # d4946 : $ 110 . 00 laura a . michaelis , aspectual grammar and past time reference this work examines the linguistic constructions which speakers use to talk about events that occurred in the past and states which held in the past . laura michaelis argues that the fundamental conceptual division between events and states forms the basis of systems of verbal aspect in all languages , and that one cannot talk about the meaning of a past-tense assertion without making reference to the event-state distinction . focusing on english data , the author examines the semantic and functional overlap between assertions about the past and assertions involving events : when one asserts that an event of a given kind exists , one is making an assertion about the past . this semantic overlap can be evoked as a way of characterizing the close relationship between the past-tense construction and the past-perfect construction : while a past tense assertion like she left is used to describe the past , a present-perfect assertion like she has left is used to assert the existence of an event by invoking its aftermath ( her absence ) . dr . michaelis argues that the two constructions are semantically equivalent , but distinguished by their function in narrative . this study presents a semantic framework for analyzing all aspectual constructions in terms of the event-state distinction , and describes the grammatical expression of aspectual meaning in terms of a theory of grammatical constructions . in this theory , grammatical constructions , like words , are conventionalized form-meaning pairs , which are best described not only with respect to their intrinsic semantic values , but also with respect to the functional opposition in which they participate . michaelis argues that many of the otherwise puzzling grammatical constraints which characterize the english present-perfect construction can be motivated in terms of the functional opposition between present perfect and past tense . routledge studies in germanic linguistics 4 routledge : 1998 : 320 pp cl : 0 415 15678 5 : # d4385 : $ 90 . 00 asa kasher , ed , pragmatics 6 volume set the purpose of this collection is to portray the development of pragmatics as a science of language , in a such a way as to enable readers to critically assess this theorectical development . issues explored include * presupposition * implicature * discourse * grammar * communication * indexicals * psychology * sociology . this work provides highly useful references and suggestions for further reading , and has an exceptionally detailed subject and name index to enable easy and immediate access for the reader . critical concepts routledge : 1998 : 2653 pp cl : 0 415 11734 8 : # d2960 : $ 905 . 00 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
  """",0
  1816,""""Subject: pidgins and creoles
   
   new releases 1998 mhlhusler , peter , ed . papers in pidgin and creole linguistics no . 5 1998 , isbn 0 85883 474 x , v + 213pp . softcover . ( in press ) a $ 41 . 40 pacific linguistics catalogue number , a-91 . key words : pidgins and creoles ; lexicology ; pitcairn ; bislama ; western australia . this volume brings together lexicographic and sociolinguistic descriptions of some of the less well-documented pidgins , creoles and contact languages of the pacific region , adding many important details to current knowledge . tent , jan and france mugler , sicol , proceedings of the second international conference on oceanic linguistics : vol . 1 , language contact 1998 , isbn 0 85883 448 x , ix + 146pp . softcover . a $ 36 . 25 pacific linguistics catalogue number , c-141 . key words : language contact ; creoles ; pidgins . this volume contains most of the papers presented at the second international conference on oceanic linguistics session on language contact . the papers range far afield , but the bulk are about the pacific and in particular melanesia , the part of the region with the greatest linguistic diversity and a rich history of language contact . the topics relate to : fiji hindi ( david arms ) , the tayo language of new caledonia ( chris core ) , belizean creole ( genevieve escure ) , singapore colloquial english ( anthea fraser gupta ) , french antillean creoles ( william jennings ) , melanesian pidgins and creole ( ernest w . lee ) , bislama ( miriam meyerhoff ) , south indian languages in fiji ( france mugler ) , language use and attitudes in fiji ( france mugler and jan tent ) , and the language of adolescent first language tok pisin speakers ( geoff p . smith ) . re-printed in 1998 shnukal , anna broken : an introduction to the creole language of torres strait 1988 , 1998 ( reprint ) , isbn 0 85883 381 6 , iii + 328pp . ( 3 maps , 8 photos ) . softcover . a $ 36 . 20 pacific linguistics catalogue number , c-107 . key words : broken , creole , torres strait . pacific linguistics publications can be obtained in any one of six easy and convenient ways : e-mail e - mail : mira . kwasik @ coombs . anu . edu . au over-the - counter mail the australian national university pacific linguistics department of linguistics rspas 3rd floor , room 1208 the australian national university coombs bld . , fellows road canberra act 0200 acton , canberra australia phone order fax + 61 ( 0 ) 2 6249 2742 or fax + 61 ( 0 ) 2 6249 4896 voice mail - message thank you , mira kwasik mira kwasik manager , publications centre research school of pacific and asian studies the australian national university canberra 0200 australia ph : + 61 ( 0 ) 2 6249 2742 or 3269 fax : + 61 ( 0 ) 2 6249 4896 e - mail : mira . kwasik @ coombs . anu . edu . au the research school of pacific and asian studies , anu - online catalogue http : / / coombs . anu . edu . au / publications / coombsguide . html
  """",0
  1817,""""Subject: new publications : australian languages
   
   new releases nordlinger , rachel , a grammar of wambaya , northern territory ( australia ) 1998 , isbn 0 85883 481 2 , xvi + 320pp . softcover . a $ 48 . 90 pacific linguistics catalogue number , c-140 . key words : australian aboriginal languages ; grammar . this work describes the phonology , morphology and syntax of wambaya , a non - pama - nyungan language of the barkly tablelands region of the northern territory . particular attention is paid to the complex morphology , including the gender and case suffixes on nominals , the interaction between the tense marking on both verb and auxiliary , and the use of case in subordinate clauses . a collection of texts and wordlists is also included . thomas , david , ed . papers in southeast asian linguistics no . 15 : chamic studies 1998 , isbn 0 85883 465 0 , iii + 90pp . softcover . ( in press ) a $ 31 . 80 pacific linguistics catalogue number , a-89 . key words : cham ; roglai ; utsat ; austronesian ; khmer . this volume presents papers on chamic languages by neil baumagartner ( western cham grammar ) , robert headley ( cham evidence from khmer sound changes ) , ernest lee ( cat gia roglai ) , keng - fong pang ( the ethnonym utsat ) , and graham thurgood ( austronesian and mon - khmer elements in chamic vowels ) . tryon , darrell , ed . , papers in austronesian linguistics no . 5 1998 , isbn 0 85883 475 8 , vii + 275pp . softcover . a $ 46 . 20 pacific linguistics catalogue number , a-92 . key words : lou ; nati ; malakula ; vanuatu ; muyuw ; awad bing ; grammar . papers by robert blust a lou vocabulary , with phonological notes , . ; baumgartner , neil , terry crowley a salvage sketch of nati ( southwest malakula , vanuatu ) , david lithgow muyuw : its relationship with its neighbours and the bilingualism of its speakers , d . j . bennett awad bing grammar essentials . sharpe , margaret , dictionary of yugambeh ( including neighbouring dialects ) 1998 , isbn 0 85883 480 4 , xix + 223pp . softcover . a $ 42 . 20 pacific linguistics catalogue number , c-139 . key words : aboriginal languages ; yugambeh ; dictionary ; grammar . this book brings together all published or recorded information known to the compiler on the language of the gold coast , queensland and its hinterlands , and neighbouring dialects extending to minyangbal ( minjungbal ) in the brushwick river area , new south wales , and the dialects spoken around warwick , queensland . dialects of the same language were spoken in new south wales , e . g . gidhabal and bundjalung . while yugambeh appears to have gone out of widespread use possibly sixty years ago , there are many valuable word lists and grammars dating back to the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century . all entries in the dictionary are in modern phonemic transcription ( with pronunciation guides ) , with all sources and source spellings included under each entry . the dictionary includes grammatical notes and an english finder list . tryon , darrell bislama : an introduction to the national language of vanuatu 1987 , 1988 , 1991 , 1995 , 1998 ( reprints ) , isbn 0 85883 361 1 , xiv + 261pp . the book a $ 35 . 30 set of 8 cassettes ( optional ) a $ 70 . 00 pacific linguistics catalogue number , d-72 . key words : bislama , vanuatu . pacific linguistics publications can be obtained in any one of six easy and convenient ways : e-mail e - mail : mira . kwasik @ coombs . anu . edu . au over-the - counter mail the australian national university pacific linguistics department of linguistics rspas 3rd floor , room 1208 the australian national university coombs bld . , fellows road canberra act 0200 acton , canberra australia phone order fax + 61 ( 0 ) 2 6249 2742 or fax + 61 ( 0 ) 2 6249 4896 voice mail - message thank you , mira kwasik mira kwasik manager , publications centre research school of pacific and asian studies the australian national university canberra 0200 australia ph : + 61 ( 0 ) 2 6249 2742 or 3269 fax : + 61 ( 0 ) 2 6249 4896 e - mail : mira . kwasik @ coombs . anu . edu . au the research school of pacific and asian studies , anu - online catalogue http : / / coombs . anu . edu . au / publications / coombsguide . html
  """",0
  1818,""""Subject: conference on italian / german legal language
   
   convegno / tagung linguistica giuridica italiana e tedesca : obiettivi , approcci , risultati rechtslinguistik des deutschen und italienischen : ziele , methoden , ergebnisse bolzano , 1 - 3 ottobre 1998 / bozen , 1 . - 3 . oktober 1998 centro pastorale , piazza duomo , 1 / pastoralzentrum , domplatz 1 organizzazione / veranstalter : europea di bolzano / europaeische akademie bozen area scientifica lingua e diritto / bereich sprache und recht con la collaborazione di / in zusammenarbeit mit : provincia autonoma di bolzano - alto adige / autonome provinz bozen - suedtirol comune di bolzano / gemeinde bozen comitato scientifico / wissenschaftliches komitee : bernhard eccher ( universitaet innsbruck ) giovanni b . flores d ' arcais ( mpi fuer psycholinguistik nijmegen , universita ' di padova ) alberto m . mioni ( universita ' di padova ) oskar putzer ( europaeische akademie bozen , universitaet innsbruck ) l ' area scientifica lingua e diritto dell ' accademia europea di bolzano , che da alcuni anni si occupa di linguaggio giuridico italiano e tedesco in ottica terminologica , contrastiva e didattica , organizza a bolzano nei giorni 1 , 2 e 3 ottobre 1998 un convegno di linguistica giuridica , rivolto a quanti - linguisti , giuristi , terminologi , traduttori , docenti di lingue - si occupano di linguaggio e di testi giuridici sia a livello teorico che pratico . il tempo previsto per le relazioni e ' di 30 minuti , a cui seguiranno 10 minuti di discussione . der bereich sprache und recht der europaeischen akademie bozen , der sich seit einigen jahren mit der analyse der deutschen und italienischen rechtssprache unter terminologischen , kontrastiven und fachsprachendidaktischen gesichtspunkten befat , veranstaltet vom 1 . - 3 . oktober 1998 eine tagung zur deutschen und italienischen rechtslinguistik . die tagung wendet sich an all jene - linguisten , fachsprachendozenten , uebersetzungswissenschaftler , terminologen , juristen - die sich aus verschiedenen blickwinckeln , theoretisch oder anwendungsorientiert , mit rechtssprache und rechtstexten beschftigen . fuer jeden vortrag sind 30 minuten und fuer die anschliessende diskussion 10 minuten vorgesehen . programma provvisorio / vorlaeufiges programm ( aggiornato al / letzte aenderung : 15 / 07 / 98 ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = giovedi ' 1 ottobre / donnerstag , 1 . oktober = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = mattina / vormittag 8 . 30 iscrizione / anmeldung 9 . 00 oskar putzer ( bolzano / innsbruck ) , apertura dei lavori / begruessung 9 . 20 reiner arntz ( hildesheim ) , sprache und recht : eine chance fuer interdisziplinaritaet sezione / sektion i - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 . 00 giovanni rovere ( heidelberg ) , aspetti grammaticali in testi giuridici 10 . 40 eva wiesmann ( forli ' ) , italienische und deutsche fachsprachliche umschreibung des passivs 11 . 20-11 . 40 pausa / pause 11 . 40 piero fiorelli ( firenze ) , leggi bilingui nella toscana della reggenza 12 . 20 federigo bambi ( firenze ) , andrea lancia volgarizzatore di statuti sezione / sektion ii - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 . 00 amedeo g . conte ( pavia ) , pragmatica del linguaggio deontico 10 . 40 andrea belvedere ( pavia ) , semantica e pragmatica nell ' art . 12 preleggi 11 . 20-11 . 40 pausa / pause 11 . 40 paolo di lucia ( milano / camerino ) , la funzione thetica di """""""" sollen """""""" 12 . 20 francesco palermo ( bolzano ) , insieme per forza ? lingua e diritto : un ' aporia epistemologica pomeriggio / nachmittag sezione / sektion i - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15 . 00 jane nystedt ( stoccolma ) , l ' italiano nei documenti della cee : le sequenze di parole 15 . 40 luana peotta ( duisburg ) , l ' analisi contrastiva del testo specialistico . teoria , metodo e risultati di ricerca 16 . 20-16 . 50 pausa / pause 16 . 50 ulrich daum ( muenchen ) , frauen und maenner in der rechtssprache 17 . 30 raffaella amiconi ( muenchen ) , forme linguistiche al femminile nella prosa giuridico-amministrativa in italia sezione / sektion ii - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15 . 00 paola mariani , luigi parenti ( firenze ) , gli archivi lessicali della lingua giuridica italiana . considerazioni e prospettive 15 . 40 felix mayer ( bolzano ) , die rechts - und verwaltungssprache in suedtirol 16 . 20-16 . 50 pausa / pause 16 . 50 agnieszka stepnikowska ( warszawa ) , fragen der zweisprachigen juristischen lexikographie 17 . 30 johann gamper ( bolzano ) , aufbereitung eines zweisprachigen textkorpus fuer terminologie - extraktion = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = venerdi ' 2 ottobre / freitag , 2 . oktober = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = mattina / vormittag 9 . 00 michele cortelazzo ( padova ) , tipologie testuali e caratteristiche stilistiche dei metatesti giuridici italiani sezione / sektion i - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 . 40 ingo warnke ( kassel ) , juristischer diskurs und etablierung von kultursprachen 10 . 20 reinhard schmidt ( firenze ) , an der grenzlinie zwischen juristischer fachsprache und sozialwissenschaftlichem diskurs : die sprache der deutschen bzw . italienischen rechtswissenschaft 11 . 00-11 . 30 pausa / pause 11 . 30 daniela veronesi ( bolzano ) , la metafora negli articoli scientifici giuridici 12 . 10 markus nussbaumer ( zuerich ) , textlinguistik fuer die gesetzgebung sezione / sektion ii - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 . 40 m . emanuela piemontese ( roma ) , la comprensibilita ' delle leggi italiane : alcune osservazioni quantitative e qualitative 10 . 20 piero mercatali ( firenze ) , applicazione di metodi e strumenti informatici per l ' analisi della comprensibilita ' del testo della costituzione 11 . 00-11 . 30 pausa / pause 11 . 30 carlo biagioli ( firenze ) , strutturazione funzionale delle leggi per la progettazione di strumenti informatici a sostegno del drafting legislativo 12 . 10 jens woelk ( bozen ) , deutsche rechtssprache in suedtirol . irrwege und auswege aus der sicht eines ( deutschen ) juristen pomeriggio / nachmittag sezione / sektion i - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15 . 00 isolde burr ( koeln ) , mehrsprachige gesetzgebung und auslegung auf nationaler ebene : die rolle des italienischen in der schweizerischen gesetzgestaltung und in urteilen des schweizerischen bundesgericht 15 . 40 andreas loetscher ( basel ) , legaldefinitionen : textlinguistische probleme ihres gebrauchs im spannungsfeld von praezision , einfachheit und verstaendlichkeit 16 . 20-16 . 50 pausa / pause 16 . 50 werner aufschnaiter ( bolzano ) , die gesetzes - und amtssprache in suedtirol : nicht nur ein problem der uebersetzung 17 . 30 stefano giuliani ( innsbruck ) , la traduzione giuridica tra difficolta ' e strumenti di ausilio sezione / sektion ii - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15 . 00 massimo vedovelli / mauro barni / vittorio fineschi ( siena / pavia ) , usi linguistici in ambito giudiziario : strutture lessicali e testuali della perizia scritta e nella testimonianza processuale 15 . 40 franca orletti ( roma ) , intercettazioni telefoniche : teoria della trascrizione 20 . 00 cena sociale / gemeinsames abendessen = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = sabato 3 ottobre / samstag , 3 . oktober = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = mattina / vormittag sezione / sektion i - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 . 30 lorenza rega ( trieste ) , aspetti e problemi della traduzione delle formule di rito nell ' ambito giuridico 10 . 10 marella magris ( trieste ) , i nominali incapsulatori nel diritto . contributo alla competenza testuale e lessicale del traduttore . 10 . 50 stefania coluccia ( bolzano ) , problemi di traduzione nei testi legislativi 11 . 30-11 . 45 pausa / pause 11 . 45 christin coleselli ( bolzano ) , ueber die verwendung einiger begriffe und deren aequivalente : ausgewaehlte beispiele aus der uebersetzerpraxis 12 . 15 cristina fraenkel ( bolzano ) , la traduzione giuridica nell ' ottica del traduttore 12 . 15 monika ueberbacher ( bolzano ) , aspetti e difficolta ' legati all ' interpretazione sezione / sektion ii - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 . 30 gabriella dondolini scholl ( erlangen ) , i progetti vocallit e fachsprache jura per il linguaggio giuridico presso lo sprachenzentrum dell ' universita ' di erlangen - norimberga 10 . 10 susanne muehlhaus ( kingston ) , lernerbeduerfnisse englischer studenten der deutschen rechtssprache 10 . 50 stefania semplici ( siena ) , una proposta per l ' insegnamento del linguaggio del diritto 11 . 30-11 . 45 pausa / pause 11 . 45 stefania cavagnoli ( bolzano ) , valutazione di materiali didattici 12 . 30 lukas wertenschlag ( fribourg ) , deutsch fuer juristen und juristinnen an der zweisprachigen universitaet freiburg / fribourg ( schweiz ) 13 . 15 seduta plenaria / plenarsitzung : conclusione dei lavori / schlussbemerkungen - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - iscrizione / anmeldung : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - la partecipazione al convegno e ' aperta a tutti gli interessati . per l ' iscrizione si prega di compilare il modulo d ' iscrizione disponibile sul sito internet del convegno : http : / / www . eurac . edu / linjus98 / index _ it . htm e di inviarlo all ' indirizzo del convegno . l ' organizzazione del convegno offre un servizio di prenotazione albergo fino al 31 / 07 / 98 . per ulteriori informazioni sulle possibilita ' di soggiorno a bolzano si prega di consultare il sito internet : http : / / www . provinz . bz . it / stw / tourismus / hotel _ i . htm . die teilnahme an der tagung ist fur alle interessenten offen . fur die anmeldung ersuchen wir sie , das anmeldeformular auf der internetseite der tagung : http : / / www . eurac . edu / linjus98 / index _ de . htm auszufallen und an die tagungsadresse zuruckzusenden . die tagungsorganisation bietet bis zum 31 . juli einen zimmerreservierungsservice an . weitere infos bezuglich ubernachtungsmoglichkeiten in bozen konnen an der folgenden internet - adresse abgerufen werden : http : / / www . provinz . bz . it / stw / tourismus / hotel _ i . htm . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - indirizzo / tagungsadresse : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - convegno linguistica giuridica area scientifica lingua e diritto via weggenstein , 12 / a i - 39100 bolzano europaeische akademie bozen tagung rechtslinguistik bereich sprache und recht weggensteinstr . 12 / a i - 39100 bozen fax : + 39 + 0471 + 306199 tel : + 39 + 0471 + 306116 ( daniela veronesi ) e-mail : linjus98 @ eurac . edu
  """",0
  1819,""""Subject: second call for participation for ecdl ' 98
   
   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ call for participation second european conference on research and advanced technology for digital libraries european european ics-forth university of union research crete consortium for informatics and mathematics - ieee computer society - lambrakis research foundation - ote - forthnet - intracom - cabernet - air greece - ergodata - swets & zeitlinger b . v . 19 - 23 september , 1998 knossos royal village , heraklion , crete , greece web page : http : / / www . csi . forth . gr / 2eurodl e - mail : ecdl @ cc . uch . gr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ we cordially invite you to join usat the second european conference on research and advanced technology for digital libraries , to be held at heraklion , crete , greece , september 19-23 . the conference opening session will take place at 9 . 00a . m . on monday the 21th of september 1998 and the final session will take place on wednesday afternoon , the 23rd of september 1998 . the technical talks are complemented by internationally renowned experts ' invited presentations and special sessions , panel discussions , as well as poster and demonstration sessions . the 7th delos workshop on electronic commerce will be held jointly with the second european conference on research and advanced technology . tutorials will be organized on the 19th and 20th of september 1998 . please note that early registration deadline is july 31 , 1998 . a limited number of fellowships for the conference and also for tutorials are available . for more information , including registration and fellowship application forms , please consult the appropriate sections of our conference web pages , http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / registration . html and http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / fellowships . html details concerning the conference programme can be found at the conference web page , under the ' conference programme ' section , http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / programme . html for specific information please consult the appropriate sections of the conference web pages : paper sessions - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / accpapers . html panel sessions - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / panels . html posters - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / posters . html demos - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / demos . html tutorials - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / tutorials . html invited speakers - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / speakers . html special sessions - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / sessions . html 7th delos workshop on electronic commerce - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / delos-7 . html
  """",0
  1820,""""Subject: esslli ' 98 student session - 2nd cfp
   
   the esslli ' 98 student session august 17-28 , 1998 , saarbruecken , germany deadline : february 15th , 1998 http : / / www . coli . uni-sb . de / esslli / we are pleased to announce the student session of the 10th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli ' 98 ) organized by dfki and the university of saarbruecken , germany . and taking place at the university of saarbruecken in august 17-28 , 1998 . we welcome submissions of papers for presentation at the esslli ' 98 student session and to appear in the proceedings . purpose : this is going to be the third esslli student session and as before , it will provide an opportunity for esslli participants who are students to present their own work in progress and get valuable feedback from other researchers and fellow-students . presentation of creative and innovative ideas is encouraged . the esslli ' 98 student session welcomes submissions from students at any level , that is , from undergraduates ( before completion of master degree ) as well as postgraduates ( before completion of phd degree ) . note also that all authors of esslli ' 98 papers have to be students , papers co-authored by non-students cannot be accepted . as in the previous years , the esslli ' 98 student session will consist of paper presentations . the esslli ' 98 student session has its own timeslot in the esslli ' 98 schedule : 60 minutes every day for two weeks , provided that a sufficient number of good quality papers is accepted . each presentation will last 30 minutes ( including 10 minutes of discussion ) . requirements : the student session papers should describe original , unpublished work , completed or in progress that demonstrates insight , creativity , and promise . no previously published papers should be submitted . all topics within the usual six esslli subject areas are of interest , without further restrictions . the areas are as follows : logic , linguistics , computation , logic & linguistics , logic & computation , and linguistics & computation . the accepted papers will be published in the esslli ' 98 student session proceedings , which will be made available along with the readers for the esslli ' 98 courses . format of submission : student authors should submit an anonymous extended abstract headed by the paper title , not to exceed 4 pages of length exclusive of references and a separate identification page ( see below ) . note that the length of the full papers will not be allowed to exceed 10 pages . since reviewing will be """""""" blind """""""" , the body of the abstract should omit author names and addresses . furthermore , self-references that reveal the authors ' identity ( e . g . , ` ` we previously showed ( smith , 1991 ) . . . ' ' ) should be avoided . instead , use references like ` ` smith ( 1991 ) previously showed . . . ' ' . to identify each paper , a separate identification page should be supplied containing the paper 's title , the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , the author ( s ) ' affiliation ( s ) and complete addresse ( s ) a short ( 5 line ) summary and a specification of the subject area into which the paper belongs . the subject areas considered are : logic , linguistics , computation , logic & linguistics , logic & computation , and linguistics & computation . media of submission and formatting requirements : the student authors should submit their papers electronically to : korbay @ ufal . mff . cuni . cz for any kind of submission a plain ascii text version of the identification page should be sent separately by email , using the following format : title : < title > author : < name of first author > address : < affiliation and address of first author > . . . author : < name of last author > address : < affiliation and address of last author > short summary ( 5 lines ) : < summary > subject area ( one of ) : [ logic | linguistics | computation | logic&linguistics | logic&computation | linguistics&computation ] please always submit the identification page in a separate message . the submissions should be in one of the following formats : - self-contained latex source ( the most encouraged ) - postscript - ascii text esslli ' 98 student session information : in order to present a paper at the esslli ' 98 student session , every student author has to register as a participant at esslli ' 98 . however , authors of accepted papers will be eligible for a reduced registration fee . for all information concerning esslli ' 98 , please consult the esslli ' 98 web site : http : / / www . coli . uni-sb . de / esslli / if you have specific questions about the student session please contact the chair . important dates : deadline for submissions : february 15 , 1998 notifications : april 15 , 1998 final version due : may 15 , 1998 esslli ' 98 student session : august 17-28 , 1998 program comittee for the esslli ' 98 student session : ivana kruijff - korbayova ( chair ) korbay @ ufal . mff . cuni . cz ufal mff uk malostranske nam . 25 118 35 praha 1 czech republic tel : ( + 420 - 2 ) 2191 4288 fax : ( + 420 - 2 ) 2191 4309 area co-chairs : language and computation : kordula de kuthy ( university of saarbruecken ) computation : michal soch ( czech technical university ) logic : carlos areces ( university of warwick ) language : berthold crysmann ( university of saarbruecken ) logic & computation : jaime ramos ( technical university of lisabon ) logic and language : - to be confirmed
  """",0
  1821,""""Subject: third utrecht biannual phonology workshop
   
   call for abstracts third utrecht biannual phonology workshop rene kager & wim zonneveld utrecht institute of linguistics : ots organisers 11-13 june 1998 theme : typology and language acquisition invited speakers : bruce hayes ( ucla ) and joe pater ( ubc ) deadline for abstracts : 1 march 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = it is a standard assumption that the striking structural resemblances between human languages are explained from the common starting point : u . g . the study of the striking resemblances ( and range of differences ) is called ` typology ' . the direct study of the common starting point is that of ` first language acquisition ' . since the introduction of so-called ` constraint-based theories ' , the field of typology and language acquisition is a candidate for a redefinition of its contents and its goals . questions that can be raised inlcude the following : - what is the nature of the common starting point ? is it an unstructured pool of constraints , where the process of language acquisition consists of providing structure ? is it highly structured ( is there a common completely ` unmarked ' , but structured ) point of departure ) , where language acquisition consists of adding markedness ? - is the learning task larger ( although not necessarily more difficult ) than previously imagined ? - to what extent is learning guided by factors of markedness that have an extralinguistic source , e . g . , production and / or perception factors ? - is the methodological process of excluding impossible languages different in constraint-based theories , and if so , how ? - is it possible to imagine combined theories of constraints and traditional parameters , both in the area of ( adult ) typology and language acquisition ? = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = abstracts are requested to have a length of 800 words ( references incl . ) . they will be judged according to the following priority scale : - integration of acquisitional and typology issues - acquisitional issues - typological issues any queries : rene . kager @ let . ruu . nl wim . zonneveld @ let . ruu . nl trans 10 3512 jk utrecht the netherlands fax : 31 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lot landelijke onderzoekschool taalwetenschap netherlands graduate school of linguistics trans 10 3512 jk utrecht phone : + 31 30 2536006 fax : + 31 30 2536000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  1822,""""Subject: complexity in language contact , acquisition and change
   
   newsletter 1 . workshop on complexity in language contact , acquisition and change . 8 september 1998 , paris , france . in colaboration with the cnrs ( centre national de recherche scientifique ) , the lot ( netherlands graduate school of linguistics ) is organizing some workshops to create a forum to encourage the discussion between researchers in linguistics from the netherlands and france . one of the workshops is initiated by members of the university of amsterdam and has as its subject : complexity in language contact , acquisition and change . the workshop will take place on tuesday the 8th of september , starting at 14 . 30 until approximately 20 . 00h . the theme although there is a kind of dogma that all natural languages are equally complex , at least for certain subsystems of language there may well be differences in complexity . in discussions of processes of language change and first and second language acquisition the notion of complexity plays an important role . especially in creole studies simplicity and complexity implicitly have been dominant issues in the debate , but are seldom properly scrutinized . in this workshop we want to discuss the role of complexity in these domains , including grammatical theory , first and second language acquisition , language change and language contact - in order to shed light on controversial problems invoked by the term complexity in linguistics in general . the structure of the workshop the workshop is organized around three themes : creole languages , language acquisition and language change . each theme will be discussed by researchers from france and the netherlands in 10 minutes presentations , inspired by the following propositions . after these short presentations there will be time for discussion in each session . 1 . all languages have the same """""""" costs / payment """""""" balance , i . e . if a language becomes phonologically more simple , its morphological system will become more complex . [ cf . haugen 1976 : 286 ] 2 . all complexity in languages resides in the lexicon . [ cf . aronoff 1995 ] 3 . languages spoken within small communities are more complex than languages of large communities . [ cf . whinnom 1980 , hymes 1971 , mhlhusler 1996 ] 4 . language shift will in general lead to simplification , while borrowing will lead generally to more complex structures . [ cf . thomason & kaufman 1988 ] 5 . complexity does not play a role in first language acquisition , but it does in second language acquisition . [ cf . trudgill 1992 ] 6 . grammaticalization leads to greater complexity . [ labov 1990 , bickerton 1981 ] programme 14 . 30 chair and opening pieter muysken ( university of amsterdam / leiden ) 14 . 35 : introduction hadewych van rheeden ( university of amsterdam ) wouter kusters ( university of amsterdam ) 14 . 55 : language acquisition elisabeth van der linden ( university of amsterdam ) daniel veronique ( universit de la sorbonne nouvelle , paris iii ) colette noyau ( universit de paris x ) peter coopmans ( university of utrecht ) 15 . 55 : break 16 . 15 : creoles jacques arends ( university of amsterdam ) adrienne bruyn ( university of amsterdam ) karl gadelii ( university of gteborg ) andree tabouret - keller ( universit de strasbourg ) 17 . 15 : break chair : to be announced 17 . 35 : language change marc van oostendorp ( university of amsterdam / leiden ) fred weerman ( university of utrecht ) colette feuillard ( universit ren descartes , paris v ) muriel norde ( university of amsterdam ) francoise gadet ( universit de paris x ) 19 . 00 : general discussion . 20 . 00 : drinks and dinner . please let us know if you are interested to join this workshop . if you need more information , just contact wouter kusters and / or hadewych van rheeden : wouter . kusters @ let . uva . nl h . a . van . rheeden @ let . uva . nl another workshop will be held on wednesday the 9th , on the subject of competing principles in learners varieties , organized within the same joint programme of lot and cnrs . these workshops are immediately followed by the eurosla 8 conference on second language acquisition . for more information on the eurosla 8 look at http : / / www . kun . nl / ttmb / news . html . in the next newsletter the exact location of the workshop will be announced .
  """",0
  1823,""""Subject: ld ' 98 - call for participation
   
   ld ' 98 the first international workshop on labelled deduction freiburg , germany september 7 - 9 , 1998 http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for participation * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advanced program , registration , travel and accomodation information are available at the homepage of the workshop http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 aim and format to survey research in the field , and to allow researchers ( in logic , computer science , artificial intelligence , linguistics , etc . ) to exchange ideas , techniques and results . both finished work and work in progress will be reported . topics of interest papers on current research in all aspects of labelled deduction , including but not limited to : o logical modeling based on labelled deduction o formal metatheory for , or based on , labelled deduction o hybrid reasoners and combinations of logics based on labelling o automated reasoning , implementation , and system support o annotated logic programming o applications conference site institut fuer informatik of the university of freiburg . freiburg is a medieval town of about 200 , 000 inhabitants at the edge of the black forrest . the city is easily accessible , being within an hour from international airports in strasbourg and basel . there are also good connections ( hourly trains ) to airports in frankfurt and zurich , which are about 2 to 3 hours away . organizing committee david basin and luca vigano ` program committee david basin , institut fuer informatik , freiburg , germany marcello d ' agostino , universita ` di ferrara , italy dov gabbay , king 's college , london , uk sean matthews , max - planck - institut fuer informatik , saarbruecken , germany luca vigano ` , institut fuer informatik , freiburg , germany
  """",0
  1824,""""Subject: context 99 - first call for papers
   
   modeling and using context trento , italy , september 9-11 , 1999 . http : / / www-sysdef . lip6 . fr / context-99 / the second international and interdisciplinary conference on modeling and using context ( context ' 99 ) aims at providing a high quality forum for discussion on context among researchers active in artificial intelligence , cognitive science , computer science , linguistics , philosophy , and psychology . topics of interest topics of interest include ( but are not restricted to ) the following : animated characters cognitive modeling commonsense reasoning communication constraint - based reasoning databases and active databases data mining decision support systems diagnostic reasoning dynamics of context formal theories of context propositional attitudes heterogeneous information integration information management intelligent tutoring systems knowledge engineering knowledge representation machine learning multi - agent systems natural language processing natural language semantics pattern recognition philosophical foundations pragmatics temporal reasoning spatial reasoning submission of papers participants will be selected on the basis of submitted papers ( 10 single-spaced a4 pages maximum ) by three referees at least . papers must include in the first page : title , author 's name ( s ) , affiliation , complete mailing address , phone number , fax number , e-mail address , an abstract of 300 words maximum , and up to five keywords . electronic submission ( compressed / zipped / gzipped standard postscript file under the name first-author . ps ) is strongly encouraged ; alternatively , authors may send five hardcopies of the paper via surface mail . submitted papers should arrive to the conference chair no later than march 30 , 1999 . patrick brezillion context ' 99 conference chair , university paris vi , 4 , place jussieu , f-75252 paris cedex 05 , france e - mail : patrick . brezillon @ lip6 . fr important dates submission deadline : march 30 , 1999 notification of acceptance : may 21 , 1999 deadline for final papers : june 11 , 1999 conference : sept . 9-11 , 1999 further information the proceedings of the conference will be published by an international publisher and distributed at the conference . proposals for tutorials and workshops should be sent to the conference chair by december 24 , 1998 . programme committee aamodt a . ( norway ) kodratoff y . ( france ) abu - hakima s . ( canada ) kokinov b . ( bulgaria ) akman v . ( turkey ) maybury m . t . ( usa ) bonzon p . ( switzerland ) moulin b . ( canada ) castelfranchi c . ( italy ) noriega p . ( spain ) cavalcanti m . ( brazil ) paris c . ( australia ) chandrasekaran b . ( usa ) penco c . ( italy ) dichev c . ( bulgaria ) perry j . ( usa ) edmonds b . ( uk ) pomerol j . - ch . ( france ) fauconnier g . ( usa ) raccah p . y . ( france ) fisher m . ( uk ) rastier f . ( france ) frasson c . ( canada ) shahar y . ( usa ) gabbay d . ( uk ) sharma n . ( usa ) gaines b . ( canada ) singh m . ( usa ) giunchiglia e . ( italy ) tiberghien g . ( france ) giunchiglia f . ( italy ) thomason r . ( usa ) guha r . ( usa ) turner r . ( usa ) hayes p . ( usa ) widmer g . ( austria ) hayes - roth b . ( usa ) wilson d . ( uk ) hollnagel e . ( denmark ) young robert ( usa ) iwanska l . ( usa ) young roger ( uk ) organizing committee conference chair patrick brezillon lip6 , box 169 , university paris vi , 4 , place jussieu , f-75252 paris cedex 05 ( france ) e - mail : patrick . brezillon @ lip6 . fr programme co-chairs paolo bouquet luciano serafini university of trento , itc-irst , trento ( italy ) trento ( italy ) e - mail : bouquet @ cs . unitn . it e - mail : serafini @ irst . itc . it publicity chair massimo benerecetti university of trento , trento ( italy ) e - mail : bene @ cs . unitn . it
  """",0
  1825,""""Subject: last cfp : acm sac ' 99 - track on coordination
   
   * * * final call for papers and referees * * * = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 1999 acm symposium on applied computing ( sac ' 99 ) special track on coordination models , languages and applications february 28 - march 2 , 1999 the menger , san antonio , texas , u . s . a . ( http : / / www . cs . ucy . ac . cy / sac99 . html ) sac ' 99 : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ over the past thirteen years , the acm symposium on applied computing ( sac ) has become a primary forum for applied computer scientists and application developers from around the world to interact and present their work . sac ' 99 is sponsored by the acm special interest groups sigada , sigapp , sigbio , and sigcue . authors are invited to contribute original papers in all areas of experimental computing and application development for the technical sessions . there will be a number of special tracks on such issues as programming languages , parallel and distributed computing , mobile and scientific computing , internet and the www , etc . coordination models , languages and applications track : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a special track on coordination models , languages and applications will be held at sac ' 99 . the term """""""" coordination """""""" here is used in a rather broad sense covering traditional models and languages ( e . g . ones based on the shared dataspace and cham metaphors ) but also other related formalisms such as configuration and architectural description frameworks , systems modeling abstractions and languages , programming skeletons , etc . this track on coordination is held for the second time as part of acm sac 's events . the cfp for the acm sac ' 98 track attracted 33 submissions from 18 countries ; 8 of those submissions were accepted as regular papers and 4 more as short papers . major topics of interest include but are not limited to the following : * novel models , languages , programming and implementation techniques . * relationship with other computational models such as object oriented , declarative ( functional , logic , constraint ) programming or extensions of them with coordination capabilities . * applications ( especially where the industry is involved ) . * theoretical aspects ( semantics , reasoning , verification ) . * software architectures and software engineering techniques . * middleware platforms ( e . g . corba ) . * all aspects related to the modeling of information systems ( groupware , internet and the web , workflow management , cscw ) . track program chair : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ george a . papadopoulos department of computer science university of cyprus 75 kallipoleos str . , p . o . b . 537 cy-1678 , nicosia , cyprus e - mail : george @ cs . ucy . ac . cy tel : + 357 2 338705 / 06 , fax : + 357 2 339062 guidelines for submission : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ original papers from the above-mentioned or other related areas will be considered . this includes three categories of submissions : 1 ) original and unpublished research ; 2 ) reports of innovative computing applications in the arts , sciences , engineering , business , government , education and industry ; and 3 ) reports of successful technology transfer to new problem domains . each submitted paper will be fully refereed and undergo a blind review process by at least three referees . the accepted papers in all categories will be published in the acm sac ' 99 proceedings . there will also be a special issue of the journal of programming languages , chapman & hall ( http : / / www . chapmanhall . com / jp / default . html ) with expanded versions of selected papers from those that will be accepted for this special track as regular papers . submission guidelines must be strictly followed : * submit six ( 6 ) copies of original manuscripts to the sac ' 99 coordination models , languages and applications track program chair ( address shown above ) . alternatively , submit your paper electronically in uuencoded compressed postscript format ; this is strongly encouraged . fax submissions will not be accepted . * the author ( s ) name ( s ) and address ( es ) must not appear in the body of the paper , and self-reference should be in the third person . this is to facilitate blind review . * the body of the paper should not exceed 5 , 000 words ( approximately 15 pages , double-spaced ) . * a separate cover sheet ( in the case of electronic submission this should be sent separately from the main paper ) should show the title of the paper , the author ( s ) name ( s ) and affiliation ( s ) , and the address ( including e-mail , telephone , and fax ) to which correspondence should be sent . * all submissions must be received by august 17 , 1998 . anyone wishing to review papers for this special track should contact the track program chair at the address shown above . important dates : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * august 17 , 1998 : paper submission . * october 15 , 1998 : author notification . * december 1 , 1998 : camera - ready copy .
  """",0
  1826,""""Subject: books on functional linguistics
   
   john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the four following titles in the field of functional linguistics : reconnecting language : morphology and syntax in functional perspectives a . . - m . simon - vandenbergen , k . davidse and d . niel ( eds ) ( univ . of gent / univ . of leuven / univ . of gent ) 1997 . xii , 212 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 154 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 870 1 price : usd 79 . 00 rest of the world : hb 90 272 3659 3 price : nlg 158 , - - although the contributors to this book do not belong to one particular 's chool ' of linguistic theory , they all share an interest in the external functions of language in society and in the relationship between these functions and internal linguistic phenomena . in this sense , they all take a functional approach to grammatical issues . apart from this common starting-point , the contributions share the aim of demonstrating the non-autonomous nature of morphology and syntax , and the inadequacy of linguistic models which deal with syntax , morphology and lexicon in separate , independent components . the recurrent theme throughout the book is the inseparability of lexis and morphosyntax , of structure and function , of grammar and society . the third and more specific common thread is case , which in some contributions is adduced to illustrate the more general point of the link between word form on the one hand and clausal and textual relations on the other hand , while in other papers it is at the centre of the discussion . the interest of the proposed volume consists in the fact that it brings together the views of leading scholars in functional linguistics of various 'd enominations ' on the place of morphosyntax in linguistic theory . the book provides convincing argumentation against a modular theory with autonomous levels ( the dominant framework in mainstream 20th century linguistics ) and is a plea for further research into the connections between the lexicogrammar and the linguistic and extra-linguistic context . contributions by : m . a . k . halliday ; c . hagege ; robert de beaugrande ; pew sgall ; stanley starosta ; william mcgregor ; anna siewierska ; marja - liisa helasvuo ; karen e . robblee ; alice caffarel ; motoko hori . the linguistics of giving john newman ( ed . ) ( massey university , new zealand ) 1997 . xv , 373 pp . typological studies in language , 36 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 647 4 price : usd 98 . 00 pb : 1 55619 648 2 price : usd 34 . 95 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 2933 3 price : nlg 196 , - - pb : 90 272 2934 1 price : nlg 70 , - - in this collection of papers , twelve linguists explore a range of interesting properties of ' give ' verbs . the volume offers an in-depth look at many morphological , syntactic , and semantic properties of ' give ' verbs , including both literal and figurative senses , across languages . topics include : an apparent zero-morpheme realization of ' give ' in a papuan language ; noun plus causative-like suffix expressing the ' give ' concept in nahuatl ; ' give ' and other ditransitive constructions in zulu ; the complex verbal morphologies associated with ' give ' verbs in chipewyan , cora , and sochiapan chinantec ; the elaborate classificatory system found with ' give ' verbs in chipewyan and cora ; ' give ' , ' have ' and ' take ' constructions in slavic languages ; the expression of ' give ' in american sign language ; the origin of the german es gibt construction ; the extension of ' give ' to an adverbial marker in thai , khmer , and vietnamese ; the syntax and semantics of dutch ' give ' ; first language acquisition of possession terms . contributions by : john robert , david tuggy , john taylor , sally rice , eugene casad , phyllis perrin wilcox , david foris , laura janda , theo janssen , john newman , jae jung song , and michael tomasello . information status and noncanonical word order in english . betty birner & gregory ward 1998 xiv 314 pp . studies in language companion series 40 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 926 0 price : 69 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 3043 9 price : nlg 138 , - - this work provides a comprehensive discourse-functional account of three classes of noncanonical constituent placement in english - preposing , postposing , and argument reversal - and shows how their interaction is accounted for in a principled and predictive way . in doing so , it details the variety of ways in which information can be ' given ' or new ' and shows how an understanding of this variety allows us to account for the distribution of these constructions in discourse . moreover , the authors show that there exist broad and empirically verifiable functional correspondences within classes of syntactically similar constructions . relying heavily on corpus data , the authors identify three interacting dimensions along which individual constructions may vary with respect to the pragmatic constraints to which they are sensitive : old vs . new information , relative vs . absolute familiarity , and discourse - vs . hearer-familiarity . they show that preposed position is reserved for information that is linked to the prior discourse by means of a contextually licensed partially-ordered set relationship ; postposed position is reserved for information that is ' new ' in one of a small number of distinct senses ; and argument-reversing constructions require that the information represented by the preverbal constituent be at least as familiar within the discourse as that represented by the postverbal constituent . within each of the three classes of constructions , individual constructions vary with respect to whether they are sensitive to familiarity within the discourse or ( assumed ) familiarity within the hearer 's knowledge store . thus , although the individual constructions in question are subject to distinct constraints , this work provides empirical evidence for the existence of strong correlations between sentence position and information status . the final chapter presents crosslinguistic data showing that these correlations are not limited to english . the structure of the lexicon in functional grammar hella olbertz , kees hengeveld & jesus sanchez garcia ( eds . ) ( university of amsterdam ) 1998 . xii , 312 pp . studies in language companion series , 43 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 929 5 price : usd 69 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 3046 3 price : nlg 138 , - - the papers collected in this volume concern five different aspects of the role of the lexicon in the theory of functional grammar as developed by simon c . dik and his co-workers . the volume starts off with a practical introduction to the functional - lexematic model and model applications to english , german and spanish are presented . the second part of the volume deals with the derivation of action-nouns , pseudo-reflexive verbs and causative constructions , thus offering new perspectives on predicate formation within functional grammar . this is followed by a section that centers around an important problem related to valency : the question of how to account for the collocational properties of predicates . the fourth part of the book discusses ( non-prototypical ) transitive verbs and their relation to the typology of states of affairs . the final section focuses on the relationship between the lexicon and the underlying structure of the clause . check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com /
  """",0
  1827,""""Subject: console - 7
   
   final call for papers ! ! ! console 7 the seventh meeting of the student organisation of linguistics in europe ( console ) will be held at the university of bergen , norway , from 9 to 11 december 1998 . speakers will get free accomodation ! sole aims at providing students of generative linguistics with a possibility of gaining international experience and a publication forum of their own . furthermore , sole strives to enhance contacts and cooperation between students of generative linguistics in europe and around the world . papers are solicited from students in the field of generative linguistics , more specifically in , but not limited to , phonology , morphology , semantics , sign language , language acquisition and syntax . submissions may be sent either by regular mail or e-mail . if regular mail is used , please send five copies , of which four should be anonymous and one should contain your name , affiliation , address and e-mail address . abstracts should be set in at least 10 point and must not exceed two pages , including references , diagrams , and examples . please send abstracts to : console 7 department of linguistics and comparative literature section for linguistic studies sydnesplass 7 n-5007 bergen norway e - mail submissions must be text only ( ascii format ) . abstracts submitted in this way should not exceed 1300 words , including references , diagrams , and examples , and they may be sent to : abstracts @ babel . ling . uib . no the deadline for submission is 1 august , 1998 ( regardless of mode of submission ) . abstracts received after 1 august will not be considered . submissions by fax will not be accepted . questions regarding submissions and the conference in general can be addressed to the local organisers at the following e-mail address or fax number : e - mail : console7 @ babel . ling . uib . no fax : + 47-55 58 93 54 or to the sole board at the following e-mail address : sole @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl information regarding the conference can be found at the following website : http : / / www . ling . uib . no / console - 7 local organisers : sole board : oystein alexander vangsnes michael redford dagmar bendt tina cambier - langeveld inger marie berntzen aniko liptak torodd kinn martha thunes
  """",0
  1828,""""Subject: contrastive linguistics and translation
   
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers and participation symposium contrastive linguistics and translation studies empirical approaches universit catholique de louvain louvain - la - neuve , belgium 5 - 6 february , 1999 introduction over the last few years an important change has taken place in research into contrastive linguistics and translation studies . whereas previously both fields have drawn on largely introspective methodologies , most research is now conducted on large bodies of bilingual or multilingual data , a change which has had the important effect of providing the two disciplines with a much more solid empirical basis . many researchers are now working with computerised data , in many cases using specifically designed linguistic software tools to conduct automatic or semi-automatic analyses . bilingual concordancers are a case in point . research projects along these lines are becoming more widespread throughout the academic community and initial results are highly encouraging , revealing the enormous potential of computerised corpus analyses both for contrastive linguistics and translation studies . of course many researchers are still opting to use purely manual methods of analysis : indeed for many types of linguistic analysis ( semantic or discourse analysis for example ) , they will remain the only option for the foreseeable future . it is also notable that there are very few bilingual computer corpora available . for many therefore , the use of manual methods may not be a question of choice . this symposium is intended to bring together specialists in the fields of contrastive linguistics and translation studies conducting research on bilingual or multilingual corpora of any type . one important objective will be to demonstrate to what extent detailed corpus analysis can support , contradict or refine introspective contrastive analyses . another key aim is to examine the strengths and weaknesses of manual and automatic methods of data analysis . and lastly , the meeting will provide a valuable opportunity to exchange and share data , a step on the way to setting up an international multilingual databank available to everyone working in the field . symposium topics below is a non-exhaustive list of subject areas which we hope to address during the symposium : - contrastive lexicology ( in particular , contrastive phraseology ) - bilingual / multilingual lexicography - contrastive semantics - contrastive syntax - contrastive pragmatics - compiling and exploiting bilingual / multilingual computerised corpora - software tools for the analysis of bilingual corpora ( bilingual concordancing , automatic alignment , multilingual part-of - speech tagging , etc . ) - bilingual corpora and automatic / computer-aided translation languages english and french will be the two official symposium languages , with most papers given in english . symposium venue the symposium will take place in louvain - la - neuve , an entirely pedestrian university campus which , with its cafes , restaurants , shops , sports centre , cinema and theatre , offers all the advantages of a real town . 20 minutes away from brussels , it is easy to reach by car , train and plane , brussels national airport being within very easy reach . deadline for abstracts anyone wishing to present a paper at the symposium should send a one page abstract in electronic format ( preferably a word attachment ) to sylviane granger ( address below ) by 16 october 1998 at the latest . notification of acceptance will be given by 6 november 1998 . payment the cost of the symposium is as follows : - before 30 november 1998 : 2500 belgian francs - after 30 november 1998 : 3500 belgian francs this includes the symposium fee , the book of abstracts , coffee breaks and lunch on both days . accommodation two types of accommodation are on offer : - chambre la rsidence universitaire ( le relais , rue de la gare 6 , 1348 louvain - la - neuve ) : 1600 fb par nuit , petit djeuner inclus ; - chambre l ' htel de lauzelle ( avenue de lauzelle 61 , 1348 louvain - la - neuve ) : 2600 fb par nuit , petit djeuner inclus ( chambre simple ) . note : only thirty rooms are available at the university guesthouse and places will be allocated on a strictly first-come first-served basis . scientific committee bengt altenberg ( university of lund , sweden ) ludo beheydt ( universit catholique de louvain , belgium ) hlne chuquet ( university of poitiers , france ) jean - pierre colson ( institut libre marie - haps brussels & universit catholique de louvain , belgium ) thierry fontenelle ( european commission translation service , luxembourg ) sylviane granger ( universit catholique de louvain , belgium ) jacques lerot ( universit catholique de louvain , belgium ) raphal salkie ( university of brighton , uk ) organizing committee sylviane granger ( universit catholique de louvain ) jacques lerot ( universit catholique de louvain ) andr hantson ( facults universitaires notre - dame de la paix namur ) michel kefer ( universit de lige ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - pre-registration form please return to the following address : professor sylviane granger , universit catholique de louvain , college erasme , place blaise pascal 1 , b-1348 louvain - la - neuve , belgium . telephone : + 32 10474947 ; ( secretary ) + 3210474940 fax : + 32 10474942 email : granger @ lige . ucl . ac . be - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - contrastive linguistics and translation studies empirical approaches universit catholique de louvain , louvain - la - neuve ( belgium ) 5 - 6 february 1999 surname : first name : institution : address : telephone : fax : e-mail : i wish to take part in the ' contrastive linguistics and translation studies ' symposium which will take place in louvain - la - neuve , 5 - 6th february , 1999 . i wish to take part in the symposium without giving a paper : yes / no i wish to give a paper / poster : yes / no provisional title of the paper / poster : i wish to demonstrate software at the symposium : yes / no provisional title of the demonstration : i wish to reserve accommodation : yes / no i would like to reserve a room in the university guesthouse , le relais , for 4th february / 5th february / 6th february / 7th february , making a total of . . . . . . nights . i would like to reserve a room in the hotel de lauzelle for 4th february / 5th february / 6th february / 7th february , making a total of . . . . . . nights . i would like to put my name down for the dinner on friday evening ( c . 1000 fb ) : yes / no on receipt of your application , you will be sent an itemized invoice .
  """",0
  1829,""""Subject: germanic syntax workshop at esslli-98
   
   program and call for participation for the workshop on current topics in constraint-based theories of germanic syntax saarbruecken , 17 . - 21 . august 1998 organized as part of the 10th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli ) by tibor kiss ( ibm germany ) and detmar meurers ( univ . tuebingen ) monday , 17 . august : tibor kiss ( ibm germany ) : introduction : empirical problems in the study of germanic syntax bob carpenter ( lucent technologies bell laboratories ) : german word order and ` ` linearization ' ' in type - logical grammar frank richter & manfred sailer ( univ . tuebingen ) : complementizers and finite verbs in german sentence structure tuesday , 18 . august : per anker jensen & peter skadhauge ( south . denmark business school ) : linearization and diathetic alternations in danish stefan mueller ( dfki gmbh ) : case in german - - an hpsg analysis detmar meurers ( univ . tuebingen ) : raising spirits ( and assigning them case ) wednesday , 19 . august : frank van eynde ( katholieke universiteit leuven ) : functional projections and dutch complementizers invited speaker : hans uszkoreit ( univ . des saarlandes / dfki gmbh ) : on the distribution of extraposed relative clauses thursday , 20 . august : jonas kuhn ( univ . stuttgart ) : resource sensitivity in the syntax - semantics interface and the german split np construction kordula de kuthy ( univ . des saarlandes ) : splitting pp arguments from nps - - an argument raising approach and its interaction with lexical semantics judith berman ( univ . stuttgart ) : on the syntax of correlative ` es ' and finite clauses in german - - an lfg analysis friday , 21 . august : adam bodomo ( univ . of hong kong ) : a lexical semantic analysis of ` faa ' complex predicates in norwegian lutz gunkel ( fu berlin ) causatives in german discussion the proceedings are available on-line at : http : / / www . sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de / ~ dm / esslli98 /
  """",0
  1830,""""Subject: lacl98 ( logical aspects of computational ling 98 )
   
   logical aspects of computational linguistics ( lacl98 ) third ( final ) call for papers deadline extension : august 7 , 1998 conference time and place : 14-16 december 1998 projet calligramme ( loria ) universite pierre mendes - france , grenoble 2 france theme the lacl conferences provide a platform for the presentation of new and original research on the use of logical techniques , both model-theoretic and proof-theoretic , in the field of computational linguistics . the first two editions of the conference were held in nancy ( france ) , in september 1996 and 1997 . proceedings of these events are published in the springer lecture notes in artificial intelligence series . see http : / / www . loria . fr / ~ retore / leslacl . html for more information . from lacl98 on , the conference will operate on a bi-annual schedule , so as to optimize the alternation with related events . invited speakers makoto kanazawa ( chiba ) [ * ] per martin - lof ( stockholm ) fernando pereira ( att research ) [ * ] [ * ] confirmed topics of interest we hereby invite computational linguists , logicians , computer scientists and / or philosophers to submit papers describing original and unpublished research related to the conference theme . topics of interest include , but are not limited to : - logical foundations of computational grammar formalisms ; - model-theoretic and proof-theoretic methods in linguistics ; - constraint-based and resource-sensitive approaches to grammatical analysis ; - linguistic applications of linear logic , type theory ; - - computational complexity of type logics and feature logics ; - - natural-language interfaces for automated theorem provers submissions the lacl98 conference has an electronic refereeing procedure . submissions consist of two parts : - a page containing the title of the paper , the name and affiliation of the author ( s ) , e-mail and postal address ( es ) . format : plain ascii . - an abstract of maximally 4 pages ( including figures and references ) , containing the title of the contribution , but not the name of the author ( s ) . format : plain ascii , or ( preferably ) postscript , dvi , pdf ( in a unix compatible mode , if encoded ) . deadline extension : submissions have to be sent to the following e-mail address , before august 7 , 1998 : e-mail : lacl98 @ let . ruu . nl the notifications of acceptance will be sent out the first week of september . the collection of the selected abstracts will be available at the conference . after the conference , authors are invited to submit a full paper ( up to 20 pages ) for publication . the final papers will appear in a special volume of the springer - verlag series of lecture notes in computer science ( lncs / lnai ) . important dates august 7 , 1998 : 4 - page abstract due 1st week of september 1998 : notification of acceptance 1st week of november 1998 : final 4 - page abstract due december 14-16 , 1998 : conference dates program commitee chair : michael moortgat ( ots , utrecht ) johan van benthem ( illc , amsterdam ) gosse bouma ( groningen ) vijay shanker ( delaware ) erhard hinrichs ( tuebingen ) mary dalrymple ( xerox parc ) ruy de queiroz ( ufpe , sao paolo ) francois lamarche ( inria nancy ) christian retore ( inria rennes ) uwe reyle ( ims stuttgart ) organising commitee chair : alain lecomte ( grenoble ) denis vernant ( pl&c ) , jean - michel adam ( imss ) , claude jeannin ( ufr shs ) , catherine finkel ( upmf ) addresses for information related to the conference organisation , contact : alain lecomte departement imss universite pierre mendes - france bp 47 x 38040 grenoble cedex 9 france tel : + 33 4 76 82 78 52 fax : + 33 4 76 82 56 65 e-mail : alain . lecomte @ upmf-grenoble . fr http : / / www-bshm . upmf-grenoble . fr / ~ alecomte for information related to the conference program and submission procedure , contact : michael moortgat utrecht institute of linguistics ots trans 10 3512 jk utrecht the netherlands tel : + 31 30 2536043 fax : + 31 30 2536406 e-mail : michael . moortgat @ let . ruu . nl http : / / www-uilots . let . ruu . nl / user / uilots / moortgat / home . html conference url the lacl98 homepage will be regularly updated with conference information : http : / / www-bshm . upmf-grenoble . fr / lacl98
  """",0
  1831,""""Subject: workshop on interlinguas
   
   although the date for intent to participate has passed , we invite you to still consider submitting a position paper for the second workshop on interlinguas , to be held october 27 in conjunction with the amta . deadline for receipt of position papers is august 10 . if you check our website , you will see that we have posted a multilingual dialogue as an additional source of position paper topics . we also currently have a multilingual text in english , french , spanish , german , russian , bulgarian , italian , catalan , vietnamese , malay , greek , bulgarian , and portuguese versions on line , with glosses for spanish , german , and catalan . we are still looking for people who might help with entering the chinese , tamil , arabic , and persian versions , as well as providing glosses for these and the other languages . if you could help out , please contact me at shelmrei @ crl . nmsu . edu . thanks , steve helmreich [ http : / / crl . nmsu . edu / events / fwoi / secondworkshop / index . html ]
  """",0
  1832,""""Subject: texas linguistics society 1999
   
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - announcing the 1999 conference of the texas linguistics society perspectives on argument structure to be held at the university of texas at austin , march 5 - 7 , 1999 . keynote speakers : beth levin ( northwestern university ) james pustejovsky ( brandeis university ) michael tanenhaus ( university of rochester ) deadline for receipt of abstracts : october 16 , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - abstracts are invited for 30 - minute talks ( with 10 additional minutes for discussion ) . issues of argument structure have proven to be of long-standing interest within diverse subfields of linguistics . the intent of this conference is to bring together researchers working on argument structure from different perspectives . in keeping with this idea , presentations that address argument structure from the perspective of formal syntax or semantics are encouraged , as well as those that take psycholinguistic , computational or other approaches . potential topics include , but are not limited to : * theories of linking ; relating argument structure to syntactic structure * accounts of case assigment * lexical conceptual semantics and argument structure * computational implementation & models of argument structure or linking * syntax / semantic interface and language acquisition * acquisition of argument structure * language processing of argument structure , subcategorization or lexical / conceptual structure abstracts must be no more than on 8 . 5 """""""" by 11 """""""" page , single spaced and in at least 12 - point type ( 10 - point for examples ) , with one-inch margin on all sides . one additional page with references , diagrams and data ( no text ) may be appended , if necessary . all submissions must include the following : * six anonymous copies of the abstract * one 3 """""""" x5 """""""" card with name , affiliation , address , phone number , e-mail and title of paper deadline for receipt of abstracts is october 16 , 1998 . send abstracts to : tls abstract committee calhoun 501 , b5100 the university of texas at austin austin , tx 78712 abstracts received after the deadline will not be considered . fax submissions will not be accepted . instructions for text-only e-mail submissions are available by request . an individual may submit at most one single and one co-authored paper . authors whose abstracts are accepted will be notified in mid - december , 1998 . presenters who wish to have their papers included in the conference proceedings must submit a camera ready copy by may 15 , 1999 . proceedings will be published by the texas linguistics forum . conference pre-registration is $ 15 . 00 ( us ) for students , $ 25 . 00 for non-students . for more information , e-mail tls @ uts . cc . utexas . edu or visit the conference website at http : / / uts . cc . utexas . edu / ~ tls /
  """",0
  1833,""""Subject: languaging 99 conference
   
   call for papers languaging 99 : a conference across literature , linguistics , and writing sponsored by the university of north texas and the gsea conference dates 4 - 7 march 1999 conference location university of north texas , denton , texas conference purpose languaging 99 offers a forum for scholars from the disciplines of linguistics , literature , and writing , as well as the related disciplines of anthropology , art , communication theory , cultural studies , film , history , music , philosophy , psychology , theater , etc . , to examine """""""" language """""""" and """""""" texts """""""" both within these disciplines and across these disciplines . submission deadlines u . s . mail : postmarked 10 october 1998 email : 15 october 1998 notification : 10 december 1998 submissions we encourage submissions that examine """""""" language """""""" and """""""" texts """""""" both within and across the following : - - literature - - linguistics - - writing ( includes rhetoric / composition , technical writing , creative writing ) - - related disciplines ( includes anthropology , art , communication theory , cultural studies , film , history , music , philosophy , psychology , theater ) we welcome submissions that deal with - - cognitive linguistics - - conceptual metaphor - - linguistic analysis of literature instructions for submitting please find complete instructions for submitting - - paper abstracts - - creative submissions - - symposia proposals at our website http : / / www . unt . edu / languaging we encourage submissions from graduate students as well as professional scholars . we cannot accept submissions by fax . we accept submissions via e-mail at linglit @ unt . edu or u . s . mail at languaging 99 university of north texas department of english p . o . box 311307 denton , tx 76203-1307 contacts for more information for more conference information , please write to languaging 99 university of north texas department of english p . o . box 311307 denton , tx 76203-1307 or direct your questions to linglit @ unt . edu visit our web site at www . unt . edu / languaging
  """",0
  1834,""""Subject: wolfram and schilling - estes : american english
   
   wolfram , walt and schilling - estes , natalie . ( 1998 ) . american english . oxford , u . k . : blackwell . isbn 0-631 - 20846 - 5 ( hardcover ) . rrp : us $ 59 . 95 ( hardcover ) 16 . 99 / us $ 29 . 95 the rich phonology of american """""""" accents """""""" is appreciated and instantly identifiable by non - american speakers of english worldwide , through television , radio and now ( perhaps ) through the internet . however , the perceived homogeneity of the american way of speaking as something uniquely """""""" american """""""" by these speakers of english , lies in stark contrast to the diversity of american english which is the domestic reality . in this exciting revision of wolfram 's classic """""""" dialects and american english """""""" , wolfram and schilling - estes not only attempt to provide a detailed account of the geographical and sociocultural distribution of certain kinds of american english , through distinct dialects , grammar , and usage , but also attempt to dispel a number of urban ( and not-so - urban ) myths common among native american english speakers . the book begins by contrasting the popular definition of """""""" dialects """""""" and their relative social desirability ( or otherwise ) , as perceived by native speakers who often feel they do not speak a dialect , with technical definitions from linguistics in the context of the so-called """""""" desirability-deficit """""""" debate . the work of schilling - estes in documenting the ocracoke english of north carolina , in particular , places her in a unique position to comment on language variation and the social issues involved in linguistic minorities ( especially in attempting to dispel myths regarding social desirability and dialects ) . the second chapter contrasts linguistic and sociohistorical explanations of the processes by which different dialects arise in languages , and more generally , why languages change over time . whilst the latter explanation sees languages and dialects as arising from the interaction of social and historical conditions , such as migration , settlement , and language contact , the former view sees languages as dynamical systems which have an inherent capacity and impetus to change , which arises from their structure . although some linguists are not directly concerned with sociohistorical factors in language change , the authors successfully integrate both viewpoints by examining general processes such as grammaticalization in the context of specific examples ( such as the new york city vernacular ) . however , those interested solely in a comprehensive review of distinctive american grammar , independent of social factors , should look elsewhere - this book is not a taxonomic ( and nor should it be ) . however , the third chapter which discusses levels of dialect should be useful for understanding the strata of dialects in contemporary american speech . the fourth chapter provides a historical overview of the development of american dialects , from elizabethan influences and pre-revolutionary dialects , to the rise of the west coast and twentieth century accents . this chapter successfully uses geographical diagrams and maps not only to demonstrate localised changes in distinctive dialect features ( such as r-lessness and r-fulness ) that have occurred throughout the history of the united states , but also to demonstrate the flow and influence of dialects during settlement of the interior , and how these changes are related to issues such as language contact and language borrowing from native americans . chapter 5 continues this process by developing examples of regional dialects and variations from many areas of the united states . chapters 6 and 7 develop the idea of dialects beyond regional and geographical differences to encompass dialect change and differences based on social class , ethnicity and gender . these chapters consider key issues such as the patterning of social difference in language in the context of specific examples , such as african american vernacular english ( aave ) . it is interesting to note in this example that even though at least eight distinctive grammatical features distinguish aave from the anglo american dialect , there is variation within each group sufficient to make comparisons difficult for linguists . a more general case is examined with respect to interactions of three or more languages , as is the case in robeson county nc , where native americans constitute 40 % of the county population , where their accent is clearly dominant . chapters 8 and 9 moves away from group analysis of dialects and language to questions of individual language use and style , and the social distribution of these usages . theories of style shifting , such as the attention to speech model , speech accommodation theory and the audience design model are reviewed , and research methods for understanding individual speech acts within paradigms that focus on group-based methods are discussed ( including corpus methods ) . group - exclusive dialect features and dialect patterning are discussed in the context of research methods such as implicational arrays to relate specific grammatical features of different dialects . the book concludes with discussions of the relevance of an understanding of accents and dialects to applied linguistics , an issue which is clearly important historically with the """""""" desirability-deficit """""""" debate and in contemporary education of english as a second language . in particular , the use of standardized tests which are based around the recognition of standard english usage and grammar are criticized for being unrealistic ( as well as violating assumptions of content validity ) . one solution might be to use a dialect consistency or achievement measure , and / or developing culturally and linguistically-appropriate testing situations which do not make assumptions about a language learner 's accent and / or social demographics . as the authors recognise , these kinds of aims are very difficult to implement , but certainly recognising the systematic biases in language testing , and encouraging dialect awareness in schools , is a first step . wolfram and schilling - estes explicitly accommodate pedagogical usage of this book , by introducing key concepts in capitals , and including an exercise for students with each new section in the text . at the conclusion of each chapter , there is a very useful """""""" further reading """""""" section which will also be useful to students , as will the glossary of common linguistic terms at the end of the book . a skeletal phonetics chart is accompanied by an appendix of socially-diagnostic structures , which will be useful for those working in clinical linguistics . the only criticism which could be levelled at the teaching material in the book is that no solutions are provided for the exercises , so perhaps the development of a separate teacher 's guide ( especially for foreign or tesol instructors ) might be an appropriate future inclusion to this otherwise impressive account of american english . reviewed by : paul a . watters , department of computing , school of mathematics , physics , computing and electronics , macquarie university nsw 2109 , australia . tel . : + 61 - 2-9850 - 9541 ; fax : + 61 - 2-9850 - 9551 ; e - mail : pwatters @ mpce . mq . edu . au . paul a . watters is a research officer at macquarie university in australia , and is currently working on computational representations of semantics in models of language and speech production , and is working on regional issues of language usage ( especially """""""" on-line """""""" language use ) . he is an associate editor of the south pacific journal of psychology .
  """",0
  1835,""""Subject: new mitwpl book : syntax - semantics
   
   the interpretive tract : working papers in syntax and semantics . mit working papers in linguistics v . 25 . edited by uli sauerland and orin percus . april 1998 . 295 pages . $ 12 . website : http : / / broca . mit . edu / mitwpl . web / wpl - volumes-files / wpl25 . html this volume is about the interpretive component of the grammar . it is about how the form of sentences relates to their informational contribution and to their conditions of use . accordingly , the papers here try to pinpoint aspects of the meaning of sentences , to draw connections between these aspects of meaning and material present at syntactic structure , and to ask how we get one from the other . the papers here were written over the past five years . interest in semantics coalesced and intensified during these years at mit ; we are especially happy to publish these papers now , in the first year of the new phd program specializing in semantics . contents subject specificity , copy theory , and extended mapping hypothesis wei - tien dylan tsai 1-28 the presupposition of subjunctive conditionals kai von fintel 29-44 presupposition denial and the origins of antecedents orin percus 45-64 quantification in agrammatic aphasia william philip and sergey avrutin 63-72 negation and object shift in early child korean judy yoo - kyung baek 73-86 spanish n - words : ambivalent behavior or ambivalent nature elena herburger 87-102 complementation and interpretation : the concrete and imaginative readings of visual perception verbs marie claude boivin 103-123 on the aspectual properties of english derived nominals william snyder 125-139 downsizing infinitives susi wurmbrand 141-175 plurals , derived predicates and reciprocals uli sauerland 177-204 anaphora and semantic interpretation : a reinterpretation of reinhart 's approach irene heim 205-246 movement and derived predicates : evidence from parasitic gaps jon nissenbaum 247-295
  """",0
  1836,""""Subject: new mitwpl book : argument structure and aspect
   
   papers from the upenn / mit roundtable on argument structure and aspect . mit working papers in linguistics v . 32 . edited by heidi harley . may 1998 . 200 pages . $ 12 . contents are unaccusatives aspectually characterized ? ( and other related questions ) maya arad obligation and possession rajesh bhatt voice systems and the syntax / morphology interface david embick the basic elements of argument structure ken hale and jay keyser licensing in the non - lexicalist lexicon : nominalizations , vocabulary items and the encyclopedia heidi harley and rolf noyer case and locality in l - syntax : evidence from georgian martha mcginnis argument structure and antipassivization in inuit laura siegel events and aspectual structure in derivational morphology angeliek van hout and thomas roeper
  """",0
  1837,""""Subject: new books from mitwpl : syntax
   
   new books on syntax available from mit working papers in linguistics in 1998 : boeckx , cedric ( 1998 ) . a minimalist view on the passive . university of connecticut occasional papers in linguistics v . 2 . 514 pages . $ 15 . cho , jai - hyoung ( 1994 ) . scrambling in korean : crossover , reconstruction , and binding theory . university of connecticut dissertation . 229 pages . $ 12 . kim , jeong - seok ( 1997 ) . syntactic focus movement and eliipsis : a minimalist approach . university of connecticut dissertation . 300 pages . $ 12 . sohn , keun - won ( 1995 ) . negative polarity items , scope and economy . university of connecticut dissertation . 255 pages . $ 12 . ordering information : http : / / broca . mit . edu / mitwpl . web / wpls . html
  """",0
  1838,""""Subject: new book from mitwpl : semantics
   
   new book in semantics available from mit working papers in linguistics in 1998 : conway , laura lim ( 1997 ) . excavating semantics . university of connecticut dissertation . 307 pages . $ 12 .
  """",0
  1839,""""Subject: contragram 1997
   
   quarterly newsletter of the contrastive grammar research group of the university of gent http : / / bank . rug . ac . be / contragram / contents . html no 12 ( december 1997 ) http : / / bank . rug . ac . be / contragram / newsle12 . html dutch , english and english l2 business language in contrast : working with the acid corpus ( katja pelsmaekers ) book notice : fuchs , c . and s . robert ( eds . ) ( 1997 ) diversite des langues et representations cognitives ( bart defrancq ) no 11 ( october 1997 ) http : / / bank . rug . ac . be / contragram / newsle11 . html the tnp - subgroup on """""""" dictionaries """""""" : a brief introduction ( filip devos ) intersect : parallel corpora and contrastive linguistics . a project at the university of brighton ( raphael salkie ) book notice : martinez vazquez , m . ( ed . ) ( 1996 ) gramatica contrastiva ingles-espanol . ( bart defrancq ) no 10 ( june 1997 ) http : / / bank . rug . ac . be / contragram / newsle10 . html meanings of i think : a study based on parallel corpora ( anne - marie simon - vandenbergen ) les objets en grammaire ( ludo melis ) book notice : scho / sler , l . and s . kirchmeier - andersen ( 1997 ) studies in valency ii . the pronominal approach applied to danish . ( bart defrancq ) no 9 ( march 1997 ) http : / / bank . rug . ac . be / contragram / newslet9 . html hypotheses on verbs introducing indirect questions ( bart defrancq ) note sur l ' elaboration d ' une petite grammaire contrastive de quatre langues romanes : portugais , espagnol , italien et francais ( andre valli ) contribution de l ' analyse grammaticale et de l ' etude des emplois pour determiner la langue la plus representative parmi le francais , l ' italien , le portugais et l ' espagnol : l ' exemple des formes que ou che dans les relatives et interrogatives ( eric castagne ) book notice : w . van belle and w . van langendonck ( eds . ) the dative : descriptive studies . ( dominique willems )
  """",0
  1840,""""Subject: new books from mitwpl : acquisition and processing
   
   new books in acquisition of syntax available from mit working papers in linguistics in 1998 : boster , carol ( 1997 ) . processing and parameter setting in language acquisition : a compuational approach . university of connecticut dissertation . 200 pp . $ 12 . matsuoka , kazumi ( 1998 ) . the acquisition of japanese case particles and the theory of case checking . university of connecticut dissertation . 128 pp . $ 12 . ordering information : http : / / broca . mit . edu / mitwpl . web / wpls . html
  """",0
  1841,""""Subject: new book from mitwpl : phonology - syntax interface
   
   new book in phonology available from mit working papers in linguistics in 1998 : truckenbrodt , hubert ( 1995 ) . phonological phrases : their relation to syntax , focus , and prominence . mit dissertation . 194 pages . $ 12 . abstract this thesis investigates what forces relate phonological phrases to the syntactic representation , to focus , and to the representation of prominence . the proposal that is defended is that there is a triangle of syntactic constituency , prosodic constituency , and phrasal prominence , in which the grammar places a simple demand on each pair in the triangle : ( a ) syntactic phrases must be contained in phonological phrases . ( b ) phonological phrases must have edgemost phrasal prominence . ( c ) syntactic phrases must contain phrasal prominence . these demands are taken to interact with one another as ranked and violable constraints , where variation among languages is expressed in terms of constraint reranking . each relation is argued for independently . the effects of ( a ) ( previously analyzed as the role of government in phonological phrasing ) will be investigated on patterns of phrasing in the bantu languages chi mwi : ni , chichewa , and kimatuumbi . the effects of ( b ) , it is argued , can be seen most clearly in the effects of focus on phrasing , where chichewa and japanese will be discussed as examples . the effects of ( c ) , finally , which have been discussed in different contexts as either a directionality parameter of the role of depth of embedding in the assignment of stress , will be argued to have desirable typological consequences that set ( c ) apart from some of its competitors . jointly , the constraints will be seen to derive an end-based typology of the kind familiar from work by lisa selkirk . ordering information : http : / / broca . mit . edu / mitwpl . web / wpls . html
  """",0
  1842,""""Subject: negation : syntax , semantics and pragmatics
   
   university of salford , greater manchester , uk european studies research institute north west centre for linguistics first annual international conference negation : syntax , semantics and pragmatics ( organiser : paul rowlett , salford ) friday 30 october to sunday 1 november 1998 faraday house , research & graduate college , university of salford , greater manchester , uk sponsored by : the british academy , the linguistics association of great britain the french embassy in london program ( booking form at the end of this posting ) friday 30 october 1998 8 . 45 - 9 . 15am registration and coffee 9 . 15 - 9 . 30am introduction and welcome 9 . 30-10 . 0am metalinguistic negation in focus , suengho ham , seoul university , korea 10 . 0-10 . 30am focus - induced neg-concord failures , vieri samek - lodovici , university college london , uk 10 . 30-11 . 00am the focusing negative ' mhaih ' in cantonese chinese : a look at contrastive and metalinguistic negation , juliet wai hong , university of texas at austin , usa 11 . 0-11 . 30am coffee 11 . 30am - 12noon compositional , inherent and frozen negation : lexicalism versus functional categories , kazuhiko fukushima , kansai gaidai university , japan 12noon - 1pm keynote lecture negation , saturation and predication , william ladusaw , university of california at santa cruz , usa 1 . 0 - 2 . 0pm lunch 2 . 0 - 2 . 30pm a minimalist approach to the syntax of multiple negation in french , hugues m . peters , university of the west indies , jamaica 2 . 30 - 3 . 0pm negation and the diachrony of features , anna roussou , university of wales , bangor , uk and ian roberts , stuttgart university , germany 3 . 0 - 3 . 30pm a lexical-functional approach to the syntax of negation in french , veronika knueppel , konstanz university , germany 3 . 30 - 4 . 0pm tea 4 . 0 - 4 . 30pm the riddle of n-words in polish : quantificational versus non-quantificational , universal versus existential , joanna blaszczak , humboldt university , berlin , germany 4 . 30 - 5 . 0pm negative polarity items in russian , asya pereltsvaig , mcgill university , montreal , canada 5 . 0 - 5 . 30pm negation in hungarian , john payne and erika chisarik , university of manchester , uk 6 . 0 - 7 . 0pm reception at blackwell 's campus bookshop saturday 31 october 1998 9 . 0 - 9 . 30am coffee 9 . 30-10 . 0am on romance sensitivity to non-veridicality , joao peres , university of lisbon , portugal 10 . 0-10 . 30am ( non - ) occurrence of sentential ' no ' in spanish negative sentences , javier martin - gonzalez , harvard university , usa 10 . 30-11 . 0am negation with [ - neg ] features , marie - therese vinet , sherbrooke university , quebec city , canada 11 . 0-11 . 30am coffee 11 . 30am - 12noon adverbial verb phrases and downwards monotonicity : negativity and the demorgan taxonomist 's dilemma , jay atlas , pomona college , california , usa 12noon - 1 . 0pm keynote lecture details to be confirmed 1 . 0 - 2 . 0pm lunch 2 . 0 - 2 . 30pm negative concord and the scope of universals , anastasia giannakidou , university of amsterdam , the netherlands 2 . 30 - 3 . 0pm procedural marking of propositional attitude in norwegian sentences with a negative ' wh ' - complement , thorsten fretheim , university of trondheim , norway 3 . 0 - 3 . 30pm some problems with the semantics of negation with reference to english and korean , hye - kung lee , university of cambridge , uk 3 . 30 - 4 . 0pm tea 4 . 0 - 4 . 30pm syntactic licensing of negative polarity , patrick a schindler , tuebingen university , germany 4 . 30 - 5 . 0pm the grammatical basis of polarity items , ana maria martins , university of lisbon , portugal 5 . 0 - 5 . 30pm the bi-polarity of ' any ' , lucia tovena , institute of scientific & technological research , trento , italy and jacques jayez , ecole des hautes etudes en sciences sociales , paris , france 5 . 30 - 6 . 30pm european studies research institute wine reception 8 . 0pm conference dinner ( manchester ) sunday 1 november 1998 9 . 0 - 9 . 30am coffee 9 . 30-10 . 0am focus particles in negative polarity in hindi , sharavan vasishth , ohio state university , usa 10 . 0-10 . 30am two types of negation in bengali , gillian ramchand , oxford university , uk 10 . 30-11 . 0am the syntax of negation and ov in late middle english , richard ingham , university of reading , uk 11 . 0-11 . 30am coffee 11 . 30-12 noon blocking effects in the expression of negation , jacob hoeksema , university of groningen , the netherlands 12noon - 1pm keynote lecture verb movement , tense and negation in west flemish , liliane haegeman , university of geneva , switzerland 1 . 0 - 2 . 0pm lunch 2 . 0 - 2 . 30pm negative polarity , modality and the comparative : a parametric approach , nathalie schapansky , simon fraser university , british colombia , canada 2 . 30 - 3 . 0pm negation and the acquisition of 's trong ' indefinites , irene kraemer , max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen , the netherlands 3 . 0 - 3 . 30pm head - movement in negation in english , annabel cormack and neil smith , university college london , uk 3 . 30 - 4 . 0pm tea alternates how many types of npi are there ? evidence from korean and english , chungmin lee , seoul national university , korea negative chains and operator movement , rita bhandari , suny , usa grammaticalization in progress : the development of a negative focus particle , ton van der wouden , universities of groningen & leiden , the netherlands negative constituent licensing in a negative concord language , nedzad leko , university of oslo , norway welsh negation , robert d borsley , university of wales , bangor , uk and bob morris - jones , university of wales , aberystwyth , uk - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - for bookings , please print out the registration form below , fill it in and return it with full conference fee to the address given . please note closing date for bookings : 9 october 1998 . university of salford , greater manchester , uk european studies research institute north west centre for linguistics first annual international conference negation : syntax , semantics and pragmatics ( organiser : paul rowlett , salford ) friday 30 october to sunday 1 november 1998 faraday house , research & graduate college , university of salford , greater manchester , uk sponsored by : the british academy , the linguistics association of great britain the french embassy in london registration form to arrive before friday 9 october 1998 title : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ surname : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name ( s ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postcode / zipcode : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ daytime telephone number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration fee : gbp60 . 00 ( gbp30 . 00 for students ) includes all refreshments , buffet lunches and wine reception subtotal : gbp _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ saturday 31 october 1998 conference dinner : gbp16 . 00 subtotal : gbp _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ are you vegetarian ? yes / no please provide details of any specific dietary requirements : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total payment : gbp _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cheques should be made payable to ' the university of salford ' in sterling only . an official receipt will be sent once registration forms and cheques have been received . please send completed registration forms and cheques to : miss wendy pickles , esri conference administrator , university of salford , crescent house , the crescent , salford , greater manchester m5 4wt , uk . telephone : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 5275 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 5223 e - mail : w . pickles @ esri . salford . ac . uk closing date for registration : friday 9 october 1998 dr paul rowlett department of modern languages extension 54131 fax 55335
  """",0
  1843,""""Subject: functions of language 5 . 1
   
   for your information : functions of language 5 . 1 : articles m . a . k . halliday : on the grammar of pain jay l . lemke : resources for attitudinal meaning : evaluative orientations in text semantics robert veltman : the silence of the words : duality of patterning as a natural relation , not a barrier robert de beaugrande : on the ' usefulness ' and ' validity ' in the theory and practice of linguistics : a riposte to h . g . widdowson reviews gill francis , susan hunston and elizabeth manning ( eds . ) collins cobuild grammar patterns i : verbs ( kristin davidse ) ; mohsen ghadessy ( ed . ) thematic development in english texts ( louise ravelli ) ; roy harris . the language connection : philosophy and linguistics ( chris bulcaen ) ; paul j . thibault . re - reading saussure : the dynamics of signs in social life ( rick iedema ) ; michael toolan . total speech : an integrational linguistic approach in language ( geoff thompson ) ; christian touratier . le systme verbal franais . description morphologique et morphmatique ( chris gledhill ) ; leo wanner ( ed . ) lexical functions in lexicography and natural language processing ( laura proctor ) . please note that a new functions of language homepage is now located at : http : / / bank . rug . ac . be / mt / fol / on editorial matters , you can contact : kristin . davidse @ arts . kuleuven . ac . be , william . mcgregor @ arts . kuleuven . ac . be , annemarie . vandenbergen @ rug . ac . be , or miriam . taverniers @ rug . ac . be ; or you can visit the functions of language homepage . for ordering information , visit the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . nl or contact anke delooper : delooper @ benjamins . nl
  """",0
  1844,""""Subject: lexical semantic tagging
   
   lexical semantic tagging a special issue of the journal of natural language engineering guest editors : marc light and martha palmer call for papers note : deadline for submissions is november 1st , 1998 computing semantic representations is crucial for many applications of natural language processing . currently , semantic lexicons and sets of semantic composition rules are hand-crafted by the designers of the nlp system . the difficulty of building such hand-crafted semantic knowledge bases has limited the field of nlp to applications that can be contained within well-defined subdomains . the likely escape from this limitation will come from the use of automated or semi-automated methods of lexical acquisition . however , the field has yet to develop a clear consensus on a computational lexicon that could provide a springboard for such methods . one of the most controversial areas has to do with polysemy : what constitutes a clear separation into senses of a word , and how can they be computationally characterized and distinguished ? the answer to this question is critical to breaking the bottleneck of broad coverage semantic representation computation . a first step towards finding an answer lies in acquiring annotated corpora that will facilitate the use of empirical methods . the topic of this special issue is tagging word tokens in corpora with lexical semantic information . a concrete example of such tagging would be specifying the sense of an ambiguous word , like { \ em bank } , being used in a particular sentence in a corpus . lexical semantic tagging is critical to extending reliable co-reference for information extraction tasks , to widening the scope of responses to information retrieval queries , to more robust dialogue understanding , and to machine translation . in machine translation in particular , it is often necessary to disambiguate a polysemous source word in order to translate it correctly , since the target language may have distinct lexical items for different senses . we solicit articles which either : ( i ) discuss the characteristics of information to be tagged and how human tagging ( hand-tagging ) can be performed so as to maximize accuracy . such articles should concentrate on the specification of the task and also deal with issues in providing sufficient quantities of accurate and diverse hand-tagged data for the automatic approaches . ( ii ) discuss attempts to develop automated methods and their operation and performance . these articles should describe actual running systems and their design and implementation . we are particularly interested in discussions of lexical semantic tagging methods which are part of actual applications . format : in the interest of providing more coverage , we will be considering papers that are somewhat shorter than traditional journal papers . this would allow us to accept a maximum of 9 articles given an average length of 10 pages . schedule : november 1st , 1998 : submission deadline february 15th , 1999 : notification of acceptance please send submissions to : martha palmer institute for research in cognitive science 400a , 3401 walnut street / 6228 university of pennsylvania philadlephia , pa 19104 telephone : ( 215 ) 898-0361 fax no . : ( 215 ) 573-9247 e-mail : mpalmer @ cis . upenn . edu
  """",0
  1845,""""Subject: special issue of cl journal - finite state methods in nlp
   
   call for papers computational linguistics special issue on finite state methods in natural language processing recent years has seen a substantial increase in the use of finite state techniques in many aspects of natural language processing as mature tools for building large scale finite-state systems from various research laboratories and universities become available . this trend was by no means foreseen as late as ten years ago given the well-known demonstration by noam chomsky in 1957 that finite-state methods are inherently incapable of representing the full richness of constructions in a natural language . nevertheless , it is evident now that there are many subsets of natural language that are adequately covered by finite-state means and that there are many other areas where finite-state approximations of more powerful formalisms are of great practical benefit . as a follow-up to the fsmnlp ' 98 , international workshop on finite state methods in natural language processing , it was proposed that a collection of papers in this area be published as a special issue of the computational linguistics journal . we would to encourage authors of the papers presented at this workshop , as well as all others who would like to contribute , to submit full versions of their papers for consideration for this special issue . guest editors : lauri karttunen ( xerox research centre europe , france ) kemal oflazer ( bilkent university , turkey ) guest editorial board eric brill ( johns hopkins university , md , usa ) eva ejerhed ( umea university , sweden ) ronald m . kaplan ( xerox palo alto research center , ca , usa ) martin kay ( xerox palo alto research center , ca , usa ) george kiraz ( bell laboratories , nj , usa ) andrs kornai ( bbn , ma , usa ) mehryar mohri ( at&t labs research , nj , usa ) mark - jan nederhof ( dfki , germany ) atro voutilainen ( university of helsinki , finland ) submission details please submit 6 copies of your hard-copy manuscript to lauri karttunen xerox research centre europe 6 chemin de maupertuis meylan , 38240 , france by monday , october 19 , 1998 . the format of the submission should follow the general submission requirements of the journal . manuscripts for computational linguistics should be submitted on letter-size paper ( 8 . 5 by 11 inches , or a4 ) , double-spaced throughout , including footnotes and references . the paper should begin with an informative abstract of approximately 150-250 words . manuscripts must be written in english .
  """",0
  1846,""""Subject: tls 1997 conference procedings
   
   the proceedings of the 1997 conference of the texas linguistics society ( the syntax and semantics of predication ) is now available for purchase . the cost for the volume is $ 12 . 00 . please make checks payable to the university of texas at austin . please make payment in us dollars . postage and handling have been included in the price shown . send payment to : texas linguistic forum department of linguistics the university of texas at austin austin , tx 78712-1196 a table of contents is provided below : interfacing syntax and semantics : the predication of possession , nancy mae antrium predicative structures of nominals in hpsg , toni badia subjects , predicates , and floating quantifiers , ralph c . blight a binary analysis of resultatives , john bowers light verb constructions , trp , and multiple feature checking theory , eun cho predication times in st ' at ' imcets salish , hamida demirdache the role of predication in the licensing of purposive adjuncts , manuel espanol - echevarria a modality view of predicate selection in small clauses , fransisco gonzalvez garcia thetic / categorical predication and the semantics of existential quantifiers , javier gutierrez - rexach optional scrambling and predication , helen de hoop on the so - called adjunct predicates in korean , youngjun jang obligatory adjuncts , yunsun jung np predicates , dalina kallulli a crosslinguistic perspective on resultative formation , soowon kim and joan maling french relative clauses as secondary predicates , knud lambrecht strange resultatives in german : new evidence for a semantic treatment , anke ludeling the structure of cleft and pseudo - cleft sentences , andre meinunger verbal negation and complex predicate formation in polish , adam przepiorkowski and anna kupsc the role of case checking in encoding semantic presuppositions , lisa reed predicational ' be ' , susan rothstein two pronominal copulas and the syntax of non - verbal predication in hebrew , ivy sichel resultative predicates and control , stephen wechsler the asymmetry of predication , edwin williams - ralph c . blight department of linguistics , the university of texas at austin http : / / ccwf . cc . utexas . edu / ~ gizzmo / index . html
  """",0
  1847,""""Subject: konvens98
   
   konvens 98 computer , linguistik und phonetik zwischen sprache und sprechen - computers , linguistics , and phonetics between language and speech 4 . konferenz zur verarbeitung natuerlicher sprache - 4th conference on natural language processing oct . 5 - 7 , 1998 , university of bonn , germany http : / / www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / konvens98 organized by : gesellschaft fuer linguistische datenverarbeitung ( gldv ) ( responsible in 1998 ) deutsche gesellschaft fuer sprachwissenschaft ( dgfs ) gesellschaft fuer informatik ( gi ) , fa 1 . 3 """""""" natuerliche sprache """""""" informationstechnische gesellschaft / deutsche gesellschaft fuer akustik ( itg / dega ) oesterreichische gesellschaft fuer artificial intelligence ( oegai ) call for participation subjects of the conference are all areas of language processing dealing with language in its written or spoken form . special attention will be paid to approaches focussing on the structural and the phonological / phonetic aspects of computer-aided / based language research and aimed at bridging the gap between both aspects . conference languages are german and english . programme * * * monday , oct . , 5 1998 9 : 00 a . m . - 1 : 00 p . m . tutorials : christian otto : sprachtechnologie fuer das internet thomas portele , bernhard schroeder : fokus aus prosodischer und semantischer sicht 2 : 00 p . m . opening 2 : 30 - 4 : 00 p . m . section 1 : prosody kai alter , k . steinhauer , a . d . friederici , j . matiasek , h . pirker : exploiting syntactic dependencies for german prosody : evidence from speech production and perception erhard rank , hannes pirker : realization of prosody in a speech synthesizer for german maria wolters , petra wagner : focus perception and prominence 2 : 30 - 4 : 00 p . m . workshop : evaluation of the linguistic performance of commercial machine translation systems part 1 : results of the evaluation of commercial machine translation systems rita nuebel , uta seewald : zur relevanz linguistisch orientierter evaluationen grundlagen des vom ak """""""" maschinelle uebersetzung """""""" der gldv initiierten evaluationsverfahrens stephan mehl , martin volk : zur problematik der maschinellen uebersetzung von nebensaetzen zwischen den sprachen englisch und deutsch ulrike ulrich : probleme bei der maschinellen uebersetzung mit domaenentypischen sprachlichen phaenomenen von appellativen texten mit kommerzieller intention ( internetseiten der hotelbranche ) 4 : 15 - 4 : 45 p . m . workshop : part 1 ( continued ) rita nuebel : phaenomenspezifische evaluation maschineller uebersetzung am beispiel von koordinationen workshop part 2 : methods and tools of mt evaluation judith klein , sabine lehmann : mue - evaluation mit diet joerg schuetz : blueprint : evaluation im usability lab 4 : 30 - 5 : 45 p . m . section 2 : grammar engineering brigitte krenn : a representation scheme and database for german support - verb constructions jonas kuhn : towards data - intensive testing and applications of a broad coverage lfg grammar partial target specifications as a filter on parser output stefan mehl , hagen langer , martin volk : statistische verfahren zur zuordnung von praepositionalphrasen 6 : 00 p . m . plenary session manfred pinkal : von der sprachphilosophie zur sprachtechnologie stand und perspektiven der semantischen verarbeitung 7 : 30 p . m . reception * * * tuesday , oct . , 6 1998 09 : 0010 : 30 a . m . section 3 : speech recognition / synthesis thomas portele : grapheme to phoneme conversion for speech synthesis tanja schultz , alex waibel : das projekt globalphone : multilinguale spracherkennung christian - m . westendorf , m . wolff : automatische generierung von aussprachewoerterbuechern aus signaldaten 09 : 0010 : 30 a . m . workshop part 3 : results of the evaluation of commercial machine translation systems uta seewald : textsortenspezifische evaluation maschineller uebersetzung am beispiel von instruktionstexten martin volk : probleme bei der maschinellen uebersetzung von idiomatischen wendungen jutta marx : bewertung von mt - systemen aus benutzersicht : evaluierung im projekt miroslav 11 : 00 a . m . - 12 : 00 plenary session gerrit bloothooft : a european masters in language and speech 12 : 00 - 1 : 00 p . m . presentation of posters posters see below 2 : 00 - 3 : 00 p . m . section 4 : parsing hagen langer : experimente mit verallgemeinerten lookahead - algorithmen stefan riezler : statistical inference and probabilistic modeling for constraint - based nlp 2 : 003 : 00 p . m . workshop part 4 : reports from industrial users carmen andres lange : erfahrungen mit logos ursula bernhard : bemerkungen zur evaluation maschineller uebersetzungssysteme aus anwendersicht 3 : 305 : 00 p . m . section 5 : dialogue and semantics bernd ludwig , guenther goerz , heinrich niemann : user models , dialog structure , and intentions in spoken dialog manfred stede , stefan haas , uwe kuessner : understanding and tracking temporal descriptions in dialogue bernhard schroeder : unifikation hoeherer ordnung und strikte syntaktische abhaengigkeit 3 : 306 : 00 p . m . workshop teil 5 : evaluation from provider and user perspective margaret king : evaluation design : the eagles framework juergen kinscher : vor - und nachteile elektronischer uebersetzungshilfen und uebersetzungsprogramme , von der textbausteinsammlung bis zur automatischen voll | bersetzung hans haller : maschinelle ( roh - ) uebersetzung als vorlage bei einer fachtextuebersetzung : bericht | ber ein experiment rita nuebel , uta seewald : resuemee und ausblick auf weitere evaluationsaktivitaeten * * * wednesday , oct . , 7 1998 9 : 0010 : 30 a . m . section 6 : grammar and tagging kordula de kuthy , walt detmar meurers : reducing the complexity of a theory of unbounded dependencies : evidence against remnant movement in german stefan langer : zur morphologie und semantik von nominalkomposita martin volk , gerold schneider : comparing a statistical and a rule - based tagger for german 9 : 0010 : 30 a . m . section 7 : translation and generation munpyo hong : treating the multiple - subject construction in a constraint - based mt - system juergen wedekind : probleme der ambiguitaetserhaltenden generierung 11 : 00 a . m . 12 : 00 section 8 : phonetics and psycholinguistics reinhard rapp : das kontiguitaetsprinzip und die simulation des assoziierens auf mehrere stimuluswoerter adrian p . simpson : characterizing the formant movements of german dipthongs in spontaneous speech 11 : 00 a . m . - 12 : 00 section 9 : information retrieval michael hess : antwortextraktion ueber beschraenkten bereichen t . kemp , m . weber , p . geutner , j . guertler , p . scheytt , m . schmidt , b . tomaz , m . westphal : automatische erstellung einer video - datenbank : das view4you - system 12 . 00 ( noon ) plenary session helmut schnelle : sprache im gehirn 13 . 00 p . m . closing session posters istvan s . batori , krisztian nimeth , holger puttkammer : lautreprdsentation in etymologischen wvrterb | chern anhand der uralischen etymologischen datenbasis gregor buechel : ein www - gef | hrtes system zur datenbankgestuetzten segmentierung von satzteilen und zur analyse praepositionaler phrasen karl ulrich goecke , jan - torsten milde : situations - und aktionsbeschreibungen durch einen teilautonomen montageroboter johannes heinecke , ingo schroeder : multilevel representation of the robust analysis of language alexandra klein , matthias e . koelln , soenke ziesche : towards generating dialogue contributions under resource constraints jacques koreman , bistra andreeva , william j . barry : die abbildung akustischer parameter auf phonetische merkmale in der automatischen spracherkennung doris muecke : cmc : prosodische und extralinguistische notationsformen in textbasierten konferenzsystemen sandro pedrazzini , pius ten hacken : centralized lexeme management and distributed dictionary use in word manager barbertje streefkerk , louis c . w . pols : prominence in read aloud dutch sentences as marked by naive listeners petra wagner : mutual constraints at the phonetics - phonology - interface local organizers prof . dr . wolfgang hess prof . dr . winfried lenders dr . thomas portele dr . bernhard schroeder programme committee dr . ernst buchberger , wien ( oegai ) dr . stefan busemann , saarbruecken ( gi ) prof . dr . dafydd gibbon , bielefeld ( dgfs ) prof . dr . wolfgang hoeppner , duisburg ( gi ) prof . dr . roland hausser , erlangen ( gldv ) prof . dr . wolfgang hess , bonn ( itg / dega ) prof . dr . r . hoffmann , dresden ( itg / dega ) dr . tibor kiss , heidelberg ( dgfs ) prof . dr . winfried lenders , bonn ( gldv ) dr . harald trost ( oegai ) conference office gisela von neffe institut fuer kommunikationsforschung und phonetik der universitaet bonn poppelsdorfer allee 47 d-53115 bonn internet : http / / : www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / konvens98 / index . en . html email : konvens98 @ uni-bonn . de phone : + 49-228 - 735638 fax : + 49-228 - 735639 location konvens 98 will take place at the university of bonn 's central building , which is situated in the city 's centre , in walking distance from the main railway station . world wide web http : / / www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / konvens98
  """",0
  1848,""""Subject: iceis 99 call for papers
   
   iceis ' 99 - announcement and call for papers . 1st international conference on enterprise information systems 27 - 30 march , 1999 . setubal , portugal scope the international conference on enterprise information systems ( iceis ) aims at becoming a major point of contact between research scientists , engineers and practitioners on the area of business applications of information systems . four simultaneous tracks will be held , covering all different aspects related to enterprise computing , including database applications , artificial intelligence applications , decision support systems , systems analysis and specification , software engineering , methodologies to address information and knowledge sharing issues and internet / intranet computing . iceis focuses on real world applications therefore authors should highlight the benefits of information technology for industry and services . ideas on how to solve business problems , using it , will arise from the conference . papers describing advanced prototypes , systems , tools and techniques and general survey papers indicating future directions are also encouraged . papers describing original work are invited in any of the areas listed below . accepted papers , presented at the conference by one of the authors , will be published in the proceedings of iceis . acceptance will be based on quality , relevance and originality . there will be both oral and poster sessions . special sessions , dedicated to case-studies and commercial presentations , as well as technical tutorials , dedicated to technical / scientific topics , are also envisaged : companies interested in presenting their products / methodologies or researchers interested in lecturing a tutorial are invited to contact the conference secretariat . topic areas / conference tracks area 1 . database technology and its applications area 2 . artificial intelligence and decision support systems area 3 . systems analysis and specification area 4 . internet and intranet computing each of these coonference tracks is expanded in the conference 's web page at : http : / / www . est . ips . pt / iceis program committee agostinho rosa ist / technical university of lisboa ( pt ) alfred ultsch university of marburg ( de ) altamiro machado university of minho - polo de guimaraes ( pt ) ana fred ist / technical university of lisboa ( pt ) antonio figueiredo university of coimbra ( pt ) bernadette sharp university of stafford ( uk ) carlos belo ist / technical university of lisboa ( pt ) carlos zorrinho university of evora ( pt ) colin theaker university of stafford ( uk ) edmundo madeira university of campinas ( br ) edmundo monteiro university of coimbra ( pt ) ernesto costa university of coimbra ( pt ) fernando boavida university of coimbra ( pt ) fernando moura pires new university of lisboa ( pt ) gabriel pereira lopes new university of lisboa ( pt ) helder coelho university of lisboa ( pt ) henrique madeira university of coimbra ( pt ) j . legatheaux martins new university of lisboa ( pt ) joao alvaro carvalho university of minho - polo de guimaraes ( pt ) joao gabriel university of coimbra ( pt ) kecheng liu university of stafford ( uk ) manuela veloso carnegie mellon university ( us ) mark s . fox university of toronto ( ca ) matti linna vaasa institute of technology ( fi ) nuno mamede ist / technical university of lisboa ( pt ) patrice dehais university of gent ( be ) paulo ferreira ist / technical university of lisboa ( pt ) pedro veiga university of lisboa ( pt ) rita loogen university of marburg ( de ) ronald stamper university of twente ( nl ) slimone hammondi university of minho - polo de guimaraes ( pt ) zahir tari university of melbourne ( au ) therese libourel lirmm - montpellier ( fr ) thomas norgall university of erlangen ( de ) thomas penzel university of marburg ( de ) = 20 vasco freitas university of minho - polo de braga ( pt ) invited speakers invited speakers , experts in their fields , either from academia or from industry , belonging to internationally recognised institutions , will present key lectures at the opening of each conference track . at the moment the presence of professor mark fox , professor ronald stamper and professor tom greene are already confirmed . case-study sessions business consulting companies , hardware and software manufacturers and business companies in general are invited to submit case studies , regarding their own information technology problems and solutions . for this purpose , iceis will have a track of case-study sessions and company presentation sessions . the attendance to these sessions is free for all the conference participants . all case studies should be submitted by email to the iceis secretariat . a number of invited case-study sessions is already scheduled . tutorials any person interested in organising a tutorial should contact the secretariat before november 1 , 1998 . proposals for half-day tutorials ( approx . 3 hours ) should include the topic and scope of the tutorial , the expected background knowledge of the participants , and a resume of the instructor ( s ) . exhibition the conference site will have an area for company stands , where a number of companies will present themselves and their products . companies interested in presenting their products , showing documentation about them or demonstrating some application , are invited to contact the secretariat and make a reservation for a booth located at the conference site . due to the limited number of stands available it is recommended to make early reservations . in addition , there is a 50 % discount in space prices for reservations made before september 30 , 1998 . prices and available spaces will be provided by the iceis secretariat . location the conference will be held in setubal , a town 50 - km south of lisboa , the portuguese capital . setubal and its surroundings are a major touristic place , in portugal , where the visitor can find anything from ancient historical areas , in palmela , to pleasurable beaches and modern golf courses , in troia . submission of abstracts for more information about submission of abstracts , please visit the conference 's web page : http : / / www . est . ips . pt / iceis or contact de secretariat ( address below ) . best student paper award an award of us $ 1 , 000 ( one thousand us dollars ) will be given to the best paper presented by a student ( graduate , m . sc or ph . d ) . the organising committee will decide , based on the feedback provided by the program committee . to qualify for the best student paper award , the student , besides being one of the authors , must present the paper at the conference site . local arrangements inquiries concerning hotel reservation and touristic aspects can be directed to the local touristic agent ( address below ) . the local specialised travel agency will make all arrangements . transportation facilities are available from the lisboa international airport to the hotel in setubal , for all reservations made through this travel agency . local touristic programs , for accompanying attendants are also available through the agency . the conference site will be approximately 5 km away from the town centre , therefore free transportation between a number of hotels and the conference site will be provided by the conference organisation , during the conference days . coffee breaks and lunch meals will be provided at the conference site , for conference participants . local touristic agent name : expansao contact person : mr . francisco daniel tel : 351 65 528805 fax : 351 65 21684 e - mail : iceis @ est . ips . pt important dates extended abstract submission : october 21 , 1998 . acceptance notification : december 15 , 1998 . early registration deadline : january 1 , 1999 . full paper camera-ready version : january 20 , 1999 . event date : march 27-30 , 1999 . sponsored by ibm - international business machines icep - investimentos , comercio e turismo de portugal cgd - caixa geral de depositos autoeuropa rtca - regiao de turismo da costa azul esce / ips - escola superior de ciencias empresariais / ips unesul - associacao universidade empresas do sul organisation secretariat this conference is organised by the school of technology of the polytechnic institute of setubal est / ips in collaboration with the portuguese association for informatics api any inquiries should be addressed to the secretariat below , preferably by email . iceis secretariat escola superior de tecnologia / ips rua vale chaves - estefanilha , 2910 setubal portugal tel . : 351 65 79 00 00 fax : 351 65 721 869 email : iceis @ est . ips . pt web site : http : / / www . est . ips . pt / iceis
  """",0
  1849,""""Subject: ila conference call for papers
   
   first call for papers 44th annual conference , international linguistic association april 16-18 , 1999 , new york university , ny , ny major theme : gender & language while papers on the major theme are especially solicited , abstracts on any subject in theoretical and applied linguistics are welcomed . one - page , single-spaced , anonymous abstracts should clearly state the problems addressed , or research quetions , and some indication of results or conclusions . send via e-mail to the conference chair . simultaneously , send 3 hard , camera-ready coies , plus a 3x5 card bearing name , title of paper , addresses , affiliation , audio-visual equipment needed and time desired ( maximum 20 minutes plus discussion ) to the conference secretary . submissions on diskettes will not be accepted . those wishing to propose panels , or special sessions , etc . , should contact the conference chair . deadline for recept of abstracts is january 4 , 1999 . send e-mail to the chair : hard copies & card to the secretary : deakins @ frontier . wilpaterson . edu johanna j . woltjer prof . alice h . deakins 522 west 112 st . english dept . new york , ny 10025 william paterson university ( 212 ) 749-3366 wayne , nj 07470 ( 973 ) 720-2582
  """",0
  1850,""""Subject: proceedings gasla
   
   proceedings of the 1997 generative approaches to second language acquisition conference a special issue ( vol . 13 , no . 1 & 2 ) of the mcgill working papers in linguistics / cahiers linguistiques de mcgill ( mcgwpl ) we are pleased to announce that the gasla special issue of the mcgill working papers in linguistics / cahiers linguistiques de mcgill is now available . this issue includes 21 papers from the 3rd generative approaches to second language acquisition ( gasla ) conference held at mcgill university in 1997 . the papers figuring in this volume deal with a variety of topics in the second language acquisition of syntax , morphology , and phonology . also included are the two plenary papers delivered by margaret thomas and claire lefebvre . to order your copy , please send $ 15 to the address below . mcgill working paper in linguistics c / o department of linguistics mcgill university 1001 sherbrooke street west rm 584 montreal , qc h3a 1g5 tel : ( 514 ) 398-4222 fax : ( 514 ) 398-7088 e-mail : yrose @ po-box . mcgill . ca jsteel1 @ po-box . mcgill . ca
  """",0
  1851,""""Subject: book : ferdinand de saussure - """""""" curs de lingvistica generala """"""""
   
   ferdinand de saussure - """""""" curs de lingvistica generala """""""" , translated by laura and radu daniliuc isbn 973-98610 - 4 - 0 , pub . date : 07 / 15 / 98 cuvintul nostru publishing house , pb , 200 pp . , 24 . 99 $ there is absolutely no need today to present the book f . de saussure - """""""" course of general linguistics """""""" . this is the first complete romanian translation of the """""""" bible """""""" of the structuralism movement ( greenberg , 1977 ) , a book accompanied by a biographical file , names and terms indexes , with an introduction signed by john holm . the translation is very close to the original course , the translators providing explanatory footnotes when considered to be necessary . for more details and orders contact : srdan @ assist . cccis . ro phone : + 40-92 - 739 577 fax : + 40-30 - 210 271 ( call first )
  """",0
  1852,""""Subject: sky 1997 yearbook of the linguistic association of finland
   
   sky 1997 ( the yearbook of the linguistic association of finland ) ( ed . by timo haukioja , marja - liisa helasvuo and matti miestamo , 188 pp . ) is now available ! table of contents : scott delancey : what an innatist argument should look like geoffrey k . pullum & barbara c . scholz : theoretical linguistics and the ontology of linguistic structure esa itkonen : the social ontology of linguistic meaning urpo nikanne : lexical conceptual structure and syntactic arguments esa penttil \ 196 : holistic meaning and cognition jarno raukko : the status of polysemy in linguistics : from discrete meanings to default flexibility anna solin : debating theoretical assumptions : readings of critical linguistics ( price usd 20 / fim 100 plus shipping & handling ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * also available : sky 1996 ( ed . by timo haukioja , marja - liisa helasvuo and elise ka """""""" rkka """""""" inen , 176 pp . ) marja-liisa helasvuo : a discourse perspective on the grammaticization of the partitive case in finnish tuomas huumo : on the semantic function of domain instrumentals esa itkonen : is there a ' computational paradigm ' within linguistics ? ritva laury : pronouns and adverbs , figure and ground : the local case forms and locative forms of the finnish demonstratives in spoken discourse arja piirainen-marsh : face and the organization of intercultural interaction eeva-leena seppa """""""" nen : ways of referring to a knowing co - participant in finnish conversation sky 1995 ( ed . by tapio hokkanen , marja leinonen and susanna shore , 208 pp . ) general section : tuomas huumo : bound domains : a semantic constraint on existentials tarja riitta heinonen : null subjects in finnish : from either - or to more - or - less lea laitinen : metonymy and the grammaticalization of necessity in finnish merja koskela : variation of thematic structure within a text maija gro """""""" nholm : wo """""""" rter und formen in finnischen als zweitsprache : wachsen sie hand in hand ? esa penttila """""""" : linguistic holism with special reference to donald davidson squibs and discussion : esa itkonen : a note on explaning language change martti nyman : on dialect split and random change sky 1994 ( ed . by susanna shore and maria vilkuna , 192 pp . ) john harris & geoff lindsey : segmental decomposition and the signal harry van der hulst : an introduction to radical cv phonology pirkko kukkonen : consonant harmony markku filppula & anneli sarhimaa : cross - linguistic syntactic parallels and contact - induced change marja leinonen : interpreting the perfect : the past as explanation martti nyman : all you need is what the system needs ? sky 1993 ( ed . by susanna shore and maria vilkuna , 272 pp . ) general section : deirdre wilson & dan sperber : pragmatics and time laurence r . horn : economy and redundancy in a dualistic model of natural language lauri carlson : dialogue games with finnish clitics maria vilkuna : finnish juuri and just : varieties of contextual uniqueness knud lambrecht : c ' est pas con comme idee - the syntax of non - focal predicate nominals in spoken french auli hakulinen : the grammar of opening routines pirkko nuolija """""""" rvi : interacting in an institutional setting susanna shore : a functional and social - semiotic perspective on language , context and text news reporting , world crises , and ideology : jan-ola o """""""" stman : introduction anna-mari ma """""""" kela """""""" : functional ambivalence in headlines in the sun and the independent jaana po """""""" ppo """""""" nen & pirjo-liisa st @ hlberg : whose war is it ? the hidden ideology of the persian gulf war pa """""""" ivi autio : source indication as a persuasive strategy in news reporting heli huttunen : pragmatic functions of the agentless passive in news reports of the 1990 helsinki summit tomi palo : metaphors they live by : metaphorical expressions in the context of the soviet crisis 1991 discussion and squibs : martti nyman : mental strain and abstract characterization timo haukioja : language , parameters , and natural selection . ( price of the earlier editions : usd 15 / fim 70 plus shipping&handling ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * for orders , please contact : bookstore tiedekirja address : kirkkokatu 14 , fin-00170 helsinki , finland tel . + 358 9 635177 fax + 358 9 635017 e-mail tiedekirja @ pp . kolumbus . fi for further information , please contact : the linguistic association of finland c / o general linguistics pl 4 00014 university of helsinki finland or by e-mail : meri . larjavaara @ helsinki . fi visit our www - pages at http : / / www . ling . helsinki . fi / sky / ( tilaukset suomesta suoraan sky : sta """""""" ) ( """""""" stands for two dots on the preceding vowel , @ stands for ' a swedish o ' , an ' a ' with a small circle on it . )
  """",0
  1853,""""Subject: special offer : eu workshop
   
   * esslli 98 novelty * for the first time the european summer school in logic , language and information to be held from august 17 - 28 , 1998 in saarbruecken , germany , offers a special eu workshop : """""""" preparation and management of eu - funded projects """""""" transnational r&d funded by the european commission has become one of the foremost sources for advanced technology and application development in information technology . for the participating research centers such projects offer a unique opportunity for joint r&d in international consortia bringing together partners from industry , academia , contract research , and public administration . our workshop will provide the participants with information , advice and guidelines for the definition , application and management of eu - projects , both on the administrative and technical level . we will discuss concrete questions concerning available funding programmes , hints for finding or building consortia , advice on the structuring of projects , rules for handling many types of forms , and an overview of relevant financial regulations . a special section will be dedicated to a preview of upcoming opportunities and challenges in the fifth framework program ( first call for proposals in january 1999 ) . the speakers of the workshop are highly experienced managers of eu - projects and a representative of the eu language engineering programme , giovanni b . varile , dg xiii of the european commission . there is no extra charge for this workshop once you have registered for esslli 98 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * do n't miss our big esslli 10th anniversary party on friday , august 21 , with life music and surprises and other social gatherings . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * hope to see you in august ! best regards , hans uszkoreit p . s . for further information on esslli 98 and the eu workshop please check the following homepage : http : / / www . coli . uni-sb . de / esslli / or contact sabine klingner , esslli 98 organization : klingner @ dfki . de * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * registration is still possible until august 16 , 1998 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ german research center for artificial intelligence ( dfki ) & univ . of saarbruecken , dept . of computational linguistics d-66123 saarbruecken , germany www : http : / / coli . uni-sb . de / ~ hansu / univ . phone + 49 ( 681 ) 302-4115 fax + 49 ( 681 ) 302-4700 dfki phone + 49 ( 681 ) 302-5282 fax + 49 ( 681 ) 302-5338 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ k
  """",0
  1854,""""Subject: twlt 14 : twente workshop on language technology
   
   14th twente workshop on language technology language technology in multimedia information retrieval december 7 - 8 1998 , university of twente , the netherlands first announcement on 7 and 8 december 1998 , the fourteenth international twente workshop on language technology ( twlt14 ) will take place at the university of twente , enschede , the netherlands . the topic of this workshop will be """""""" language technology in multimedia information retrieval """""""" twlt14 will focus on the increasingly important role of human language technology in the indexing and accessing of written and spoken documents , video material and / or images , and on the role of language technology for cross-language retrieval and information extraction . the workshop will address the role of language and speech processing both in terms of existing approaches and implementations , in terms of theoretical foundations , and / or emerging directions of research . some 15-19 presentations by people with various backgrounds will be scheduled . proceedings will be available at the workshop . among the invited speakers are : - karen sparck jones ( cambridge , uk ) - hans uszkoreit ( dfki , germany ) - david hull ( xerox , grenoble , france ) - doug appelt ( sri interational , usa ) - arnold smeulders ( amsterdam , nl ) twlt14 is organised in cooperation with the parlevink - project of the university of twente by : klaus netter - dfki , germany email : netter @ dfki . de franciska de jong - university of twente , computer science department , email : fdejong @ cs . utwente . nl djoerd hiemstra - university of twente , computer science department , email : hiemstra @ cs . utwente . nl a full programme will be available in september and will be announced on : http : / / wwwseti . cs . utwente . nl / parlevink / conferences / twlt14 . html for further information please contact the organisers , preferably by email , or otherwise via the workshop secretariat : department of computer science / parlevink university of twente phone : + 31 53 893680 p . o . box 217 , fax : + 31 53 315283 7500 ae enschede the netherlands
  """",0
  1855,""""Subject: sociolinguistics & anthropological linguistics
   
   codes and consequences : choosing linguistic varieties edited by carol myers - scotton , university of south carolina carol myers - scotton has edited a collection of essays that covers the choice of one style of english over another in everything from bible translations to """""""" surprise in poetry """""""" to supervisor-worker interactions on the automobile assembly line . an important theme developed to varying degrees in these papers is the notion that speakers and writers , as rational actors , exploit the unmarked-marked opposition regarding audience expectations so as to convey messages of intentionality charged with social or psychological import . august 1998 232 pp . ; 4 linecuts 0-19 - 511523 - 6 paper $ 24 . 95 0-19 - 511522 - 8 cloth $ 49 . 95 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
  """",0
  1856,""""Subject: glot international 3 - 4
   
   table of contents glot international 3 - 4 editors : lisa l . s . cheng and rint sybesma < mail to : glot @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl > < http : / / www . hag . nl / glot . htm > state - of-the - article : henriette de swart on """""""" three approaches to discourse and donkey anaphora """""""" """""""" once we agree that we need to talk about meaning beyond the sentence level , the question arises how we can build a semantic theory that takes discourse as the basic unit of interpretation . """""""" column : recent issues in linguistics elan dresher on """""""" communicating modality """""""" """""""" let 's hope that quantificational modality does not go the way of cold fusion . """""""" dissertations """""""" the syntax of complementisers """""""" by anna roussou ( london , 1994 ) reviewed by george tsoulas . with a summary by the author """""""" syntactic dependencies in mandarin chinese """""""" by ning zhang ( toronto , 1997 ) reviewed by jo - wang lin . with a summary by the author books """""""" is this the solution or is the solution this ? """""""" by caroline heycock review of """""""" the raising of predicates """""""" by andrea moro ( cup , 1997 ) """""""" a standard in the making """""""" by murat kural review of """""""" principles and parameters : an introduction to syntactic theory """""""" by peter culicover ( oup , 1997 ) book notices goodies : reviewing software and hardware : """""""" speak audiovisually """""""" by stefan frisch review of """""""" speech lab / sprachlabor """""""" by ingolf franke ( media enterprise , 1996 ) conference reports : west coast conference on formal linguistics xvii report by chung - hye han workshop on government phonology in novi sad report by tobias scheer """""""" the number of death """""""" a linguistic mystery in eight installments by chris sidney tappan chapter 3 . first explorations rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
  """",0
  1857,""""Subject: llt v . 2 , n . 1
   
   we are happy to announce that vol . 2 , no . 1 of language learning & technology is now available at http : / / polyglot . cal . msu . edu / llt . this is a special issue on """""""" the design and evaluation of multimedia software , """""""" and the contents are listed below . please visit the llt web site and be sure to enter your free subscription if you have not already done so . also , we welcome your submissions of articles , reviews , and commentaries for vol . 2 , no . 2 and future issues as well . check our guidelines for submission at http : / / polyglot . cal . msu . edu / llt / contrib . html . lucinda hart - gonzalez & mark warschauer , editors llt-editors @ hawaii . edu * * * feature articles * * * 1 . carol a . chapelle , """""""" multimedia call : lessons to be learned from research on instructed sla """""""" 2 . jan l . plass , """""""" design and evaluation of the user interface of foreign language multimedia software : a cognitive approach """""""" 3 . farzad ehsani & eva knodt , """""""" speech technology in computer - aided language learning : strengths and limitations of a new call paradigm """""""" 4 . dorothy m . chun , """""""" signal analysis software for teaching discourse intonation """""""" * * * columns * * * > from the editors by lucinda hart - gonzalez , co - editor > from the guest editor by irene thompson on the net using www multimedia in the foreign language classroom : is this for me ? by jean w . leloup and robert ponterio emerging technologies new developments in digital video by bob godwin - jones announcements news from sponsoring organizations * * * reviews * * * computer assisted language learning : context and conceptualization reviewed by christine leahy tripleplay plus ! english reviewed by alison mackey and jung - yoon choi * * * call for papers * * * theme : the role of computer technology in second language acquisition research
  """",0
  1858,""""Subject: conv / div of dialects , reading , sept 17-19
   
   the draft programme for the european science foundation conference on ' the convergence and divergence of dialects in a changing europe ' can be found at http : / / www . linguistics . rdg . ac . uk / research / seminars / dialect / index . html the conference call with registration form is also to be found there . paul kerswill
  """",0
  1859,""""Subject: coling-acl ' 98 , last call for participation
   
   coling-acl ' 98 last call for participation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - avoid the line-ups and hassle of on-site registration ! pre - register for coling-acl ' 98 before you come to montreal via the online registration form available on the conference web site : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca detailed instructions are provided on the registration form . we look forward to seeing you in montreal ! the coling-acl ' 98 organizing committe
  """",0
  1860,""""Subject: coling / acl workshop on multilingual information management : report
   
   coling - acl ' 98 workshop multilingual information management : current levels and future abilities august 16 , 1998 universite de montreal montreal / canada the coling / acl workshop on multilingual information management is a follow-on to an nsf - sponsored workshop held in conjunction with the first international conference on language resources and evaluation in granada , spain ( may 1998 ) . the goal of the workshop was to consider the recent history and likely near-term future of a number of research areas pertaining to language that are related ( but still semi-independent at present ) . the conclusions have been gathered into a report , to be submitted to the nsf , le , and other funding agencies in europe and north america , for their consideration in setting funding policies and goals . the draft report is now available at http : / / www . cs . cmu . edu / ~ ref / mlim / at the granada workshop , an international panel of invited experts focused on a set of questions in an attempt to identify the most likely and most effective future directions of computational linguistics research - especially in the context of the need to handle multi-lingual and multi - modal information . the coling workshop , a follow-on , has the aim of opening the discussion to the computational linguistics community as a whole , to solicit the comments , additions , feedback , and contributions of everyone . to register , consult the coling / acl home page at http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / workshop description the development of natural language applications which handle multi - lingual and multi-modal information is the next major challenge facing the field of computational linguistics . over the past 50 years , a variety of language-related capabilities has been developed in areas such as machine translation , information retrieval , and speech recognition , together with core capabilities such as information extraction , summarization , parsing , generation , multimedia planning and integration , statistics-based methods , ontologies , lexicon construction and lexical representations , and grammar . the next few years will require the extension of these technologies to encompass multi-lingual and multi-modal information . extending current technologies will require integration of the various capabilities into multi-functional natural language systems . however , there is today no clear vision of how these technologies could or should be assembled into a coherent framework . what would be involved in connecting a speech recognition system to an information retrieval engine , and then using machine translation and summarization software to process the retrieved text ? how can traditional parsing and generation be enhanced with statistical techniques ? what would be the effect of carefully crafted lexicons on traditional information retrieval ? the workshop is organized as a series of discussion sessions , each one devoted to one aspect of computational language , initiated by a report of the discussions at the granada workshop ( a report summarizing the discussions at granada is available ; see below ) . enough time for discussion has been scheduled . the discussion will focus on the following fundamental questions : 1 . what is the current level of capability in each of the major areas of the field dealing with language and related media of human communication ? 2 . how can ( some of ) these functions be integrated in the near future , and what kind of systems will result ? 3 . what are the major considerations for extending these functions to handle multi-lingual and multi-modal information , particularly in integrated systems of the type envisioned in ( 2 ) ? in particular , we will consider these questions in relation to the following areas : o multi-lingual resources ( lexicons , ontologies , corpora , etc . ) o information retrieval , especially cross-lingual and cross-modal o machine translation , of text and speech o automated ( cross-lingual ) information extraction and summarization o methods and techniques ( both statistics-based and linguistics-based ) o speech recognition and synthesis o multimedia communication , as well as language and speaker identification o evaluation and assessment techniques for each of these areas o government policy for future funding the initial findings of the report will form the basis of the discussion . the draft report is now available at http : / / www . cs . cmu . edu / ~ ref / mlim / major points raised in the discussions will be recorded and included in the report . we eagerly seek your feedback , comments , contributions , and assistance , to make this report as comprehensive and as accurate as possible ! program 9 : 00 - 9 : 10 welcome and overview 9 : 10 - 9 : 55 cross - lingual and cross - modal information retrieval moderator : judith klavans 9 : 55 - 10 : 40 information extraction and automated text summarization moderator : eduard hovy 10 : 40 - 11 : 00 break 11 : 00 - 11 : 45 methods and techniques moderator : nancy ide 11 : 45 - 12 : 30 machine translation of text and speech moderator : bente maegaard 12 : 30 - 2 : 00 lunch 2 : 00 - 2 : 45 multilingual resources moderator : martha palmer 2 : 45 - 3 : 30 speech recognition and synthesis moderator : tba 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 break 4 : 00 - 4 : 45 evaluation and assessment moderator : john white 4 : 45 - 5 : 30 multimedia communication and language / speaker identification moderator : oliviero stock 5 : 30 - 6 : 00 government : development policy and funding moderator : antonio zampolli the report the outcome of the granada and montreal workshops is a report , originally commissioned by the nsf , to be submitted to the nsf , le , and other funding agencies in europe and north america . the first draft of the report is available at http : / / www . cs . cmu . edu / ~ ref / mlim / we eagerly seek your feedback , comments , contributions , and assistance in making this report as comprehensive and as accurate as possible ! organizers robert frederking center for machine translation carnegie - mellon university schenley park pittsburgh , pa 15213-3890 tel : + 1-412 - 268-6656 fax : + 1-412 - 268-6298 email : ref @ nl . cs . cmu . edu eduard hovy information sciences institute of the university of southern california 4676 admiralty way marina del rey , ca 90292-6695 tel : + 1-310 - 822-1511 fax : + 1-310 - 823-6714 email : hovy @ isi . edu nancy ide department of computer science vassar college 124 raymond avenue poughkeepsie , ny 12604-0520 usa tel : + 1-914 - 437 5988 fax : + 1-914 - 437 7498 email : ide @ cs . vassar . edu joseph mariani limsi-cnrs bp 133 91403 orsay cedex france tel : + 33 - 1-69 - 85-8085 fax : + 33 - 1-69 - 85-8088 email : mariani @ limsi . fr antonio zampolli ilc-cnr via della faggiola 32 56100 pisa italy fax : + 39-50 - 556285 email : pisa @ ilc . pi . cnr . it - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - eduard hovy email : hovy @ isi . edu usc information sciences institute tel : 310-822 - 1511 ext 731 4676 admiralty way fax : 310-823 - 6714 marina del rey , ca 90292-6695 project homepage : http : / / www . isi . edu / natural-language / nlp-at - isi . html
  """",0
  1861,""""Subject: confs : translating and the computer 20
   
   aslib , the association for information management http : / / www . aslib . co . uk / conferences / index . html supported by : iti bcs eamt and iamt present : translating and the computer 20 - conference and exhibition thursday 12 - friday 13 november 1998 at one great george street , westminster , london , sw1 this will be the 20th translating and the computer conference and exhibition and to celebrate we invited past delegates to submit papers . at last year 's conference , which attracted an international audience , a number of delegates made suggestions for the following year 's event . the response to our call for papers was overwhelming . i hope you will find the programme has : - a greater number of contributions from actual users than ever before - a number of papers showing new developments / applications from both developers and users - opportunities to network with others and to look at the latest products , including those talked about in the papers , in the exhibition area if you have any questions , or want to find out how you can exhibit at this year 's exciting conference , please contact me , nicole adamides , manager of pdg at aslib , on + 44 ( 0 ) 171 903 0030 or email her nicole @ aslib . co . uk . key issues : evaluating mt systems improving translation at the source - controlled authoring and author memory how to make mt more user - friendly machine translation trends in europe and japan how to organise a translation service to maximise efficiency relocating mt in education and training how companies have customised current mt systems and developers produced new products day one : 12th november 1998 09 . 00 registration 09 . 50 introduction by the chair - chris pyne ( international communications europe , germany ) 10 . 00 twenty years of translating and the computer - john hutchins ( eamt ) since the first of the t&c conferences in 1978 the field of machine ( - aided ) translation has seen many changes : - from mainframe computers to personal computers and the internet - from a mainly academic research pursuit to a competitive commercial field - from discussions of ' future possibilities ' to discussions of actual uses - from a translation profession largely antagonistic to automation to one making cost-effective exploitation of computerised translation tools . this presentation will look at the major changes and developments in both research and commercial systems in the last 20 years and consider what has been learnt ( or forgotten ) . 10 . 25 evaluating mt systems : testing and researching the feasibility of a task - diagnostic approach - michelle vanni ( us defense ) in the spirit of new directions in mt evaluation ( mte ) proposed in hovy ( 1998 ) , this paper describes an approach taken at the us department of defense which is appropriate to a particular information processing ( ip ) environment , the needs of which are determinant of the features which characterise the methodology . the approach consists of : - selecting ip tasks for which the mt output is to be used - selecting specific features to be handled by each system - comparing the scores for each system 11 . 00 coffee 11 . 30 organising a translation service to maximise efficiency and quality - ian jones ( supreme headquarters allied powers europe ) what are the overall functions of a translation service and how can it be organised to best effect ? - the objectives - the tasks - the resources - the future this paper will examine various aspects of the above elements and will also refer to the nato terminology standardisation programme . 11 . 55 post - editing service for mt users at the ec - dorothy senez ( european commission translation service ) machine translation is freely available , via the internal electronic mail system , to all staff working in the european institutions . the machine translation help desk supplies a number of back-up services to a growing population of users . this paper looks specifically at the post-editing service ( per ) : - balancing quality and speed - rapid post-editing for short lived documents and end users responsible for quality control - the way forward at the commission . 12 . 25 dimitrios theologitis - european commission 12 . 50 discussion 13 . 05 lunch with an opportunity to visit the exhibition and network 14 . 30 introduction to afternoon session by chair - professor ruslan mitkov , university of wolverhampton , uk 14 . 35 from testbench to workflow : relocating mt in education and training - professor dr klaus schubert ( fachhochschule flensburg , germany ) and professor tony hartley ( university of brighton , uk ) the arrival on the market place over the last three years of relatively high-quality , low-cost mt and tm will lead to a greater demand in skills and expertise that also take into account the user and the requirements of the organisation 's workflow . this paper will look at initiatives of university of brighton and fachhochschule flensburg to give their students first-hand experience of evaluating a system in situ . this is achieved through : - the provision of an in-house mt service for interested end-users - the design of scenarios for inter-site collaboration - the introduction of elements of human - computer interaction . 15 . 00 some reflections about the pedagogy of mat - pascaline merten ( haute ecole de bruxelles - institut superieur de traducteurs et interpretes ( isti ) ) cat tools are of interest to both researchers and translators . they are being increasingly integrated in the education of future translators . this gives rise to two issues : - in education of translators : is experience of these tools enough , or is it important to understand the underlying concepts ? - computational linguistics is far from the empirical approach of the translator , and this does not facilitate the introduction of new tools this paper will look at how the integration of cat tools in the translation process is a good mean to conciliate the practice of the translator and the reflection of the computational linguist . 15 . 25 discussion 15 . 35 tea 16 . 00 improving translation at the source - dawn murphy ( multilingual technology ltd . , uk ) improvements in the quality and efficiency of translation can be effected at the time of authoring . this paper will examine : - the concepts of controlled authoring and author memory and the supporting technologies - the benefits that such techniques provide for the author , the translator and the translation manager - the processes involved in developing such techniques within an organisation . 16 . 25 lcc - the language consulting centre - language consulting in cyber space - jeannette orsted ( danish association business language graduates ) lcc is a project supported by the european commission . the project is a partnership between teleport sachsen - anhalt gmbh ( de ) , centre for language technology ( dk ) , erhvervssprogligt forbund ( the danish association of business language graduates , dk ) and gesellschaft fur technische kommunikation e . v . ( de ) . the objective of the project is to support small and medium sized enterprises in optimising their production and management of multilingual information . the paper will concentrate on : - language strategy as an integral part of company policies - language technology as a tool for language strategy - an overview of the lcc project and its services 16 . 50 discussion 17 . 00 close of day one 17 . 15 20th anniversary reception in the great hall aslib reserves the right to make changes to the programme without prior notice day two : 13th november 1998 09 . 15 registration 09 . 55 opening remarks by the chair - daniel grasmick ( sap , germany ) 10 . 00 horses for courses - the key to mt becoming a commonplace technology is acceptance - steve mclaughlin ( lernout & hauspie ( gms ) , germany ) user perception of machine translation is the decisive issue , and mt must be seen - not as a universal translation solution , but as one of several potential tools - not in isolation , but within the context of the user 's work processes what does this mean for machine translation vendors ? - mt should not be offered in isolation - products must be scaled to the user 's purse and environment - it must be easy to access and use mt - mt must be available when and where the user needs it , whatever the application 10 . 25 kielikone mt takes user - friendliness seriously - kaarina hyvonen ( kielikone ltd . , finland ) kielikone mt has produced a commercial mt product , transmart , which is in use in several major finnish corporations . in this paper , we examine how transmart has been adapted to meet the needs of individual end-users through four special features : - user-friendly interface - ability to preserve document formatting - facilitation of post-editing - document-specific translation lexicons 10 . 50 discussion 11 . 00 coffee 11 . 30 eptas - a client / server based translation support system - klemens waldhor ( ep electronic publishing partners , germany ) eptas is a translation server system which allows the integration of different translation components and various support tools . it contains a sophisticated linguistic database system and uses an advanced html based unicode document format . the main advantage of this system is that it allows the simultaneous usage of different translation methods , like tm and mt in parallel , which is controlled by a sophisticated process management system . this paper will examine the system and its translation tools that can be incorporated from other vendors too . 11 . 55 promt 98 - the current state - svetlana sokolova ( project mt ltd , russia ) promt 98 is the latest version of the mt software stylus . it is a family of different applications with the same mt kernel inside . the interface solutions are intended for different kinds of end users : - promt internet kit - promt home - pocket promt - promt professional 12 . 20 multilingual language technology in automotive documentation workflows - joerg schuetz ( iai , germany ) multidoc is concerned with the design and implementation of a new translation-centred approach to technical documentation in the field of automotive service and repair . the project is entirely geared by the needs and requirements of the industrial users who are fully integrated in all stages of the project . among the users there are bmw , bertone , volvo , renault and rolls - royce from the automotive side ; star and itr from the translation orientated side . the project is technically coordinated by volvo together with iai . 12 . 45 discussion 13 . 00 lunch with an opportunity to visit the exhibition and network 14 . 25 introduction by chair - tony hartley ( university of brighton , uk ) 14 . 30 machine translation trends in europe and japan - sophia ananiadou ( umist , uk ) this paper will examine the conditions in each geographical area that have given rise to mt systems and associated aids , in order to shed light on the functionality of systems from japan and the extent these can respond to european requirements . the examination will be based on : - types of user profiles - the role of mt providers - the use of translation aids , terminology management systems , bilingual / multilingual translation memories , etc . 14 . 55 fully integrated machine translation - logos gmbh , germany the corporate world has been slow to accept mt because , in the past , mt systems have acted in apparent isolation . this will all change when mt becomes a component of an integrated suite of tools that addresses the whole process . this paper will look at the process and describe an offering which begins with : - a terminology management tool and a writer-friendly authoring tool - a translation memory component tightly coupled with mt - a smart post-editing environment it will not be easy integrating such a suite of translation tools , but once in place , then rapid , good quality , lower cost translation will become a reality . 15 . 20 discussion 15 . 30 tea 16 . 00 towards a multi - language multi script web based reference & terminology system - olaf - michael stefanov ( united nations , vienna ) the united nations office in vienna ( unov ) has possibly the first database containing reference and terminology in multiple scripts and is accessible via the internet . unov will use it to support work in all six official un languages . this paper will look at the evolution of unov : attaining consistency in terminology and references via a mainframe adding arabic and chinese to the workload resulted in unov looking for a customised replacement system , using windows - nt as a platform controlled query / update via application run in web browser 16 . 25 paper to be confirmed 16 . 50 discussion 17 . 00 close of the conference fees two days : 395 ( members ) ; 485 ( non members ) one day : 245 ( members ) ; 285 ( non members ) academic institutions : two days : 285 ; one day : 155 this includes coffee / tea , buffet lunch , documentation and the conference proceedings . half day : 125 ( members ) ; 155 ( non members ) this includes coffee / tea , buffet lunch and documentation . please note : conference proceedings are not included . members fees apply to aslib corporate members and members of aslib ttg , eamt , iamt , iti and bcs . accommodation hotelscene , in conjunction with aslib , have arranged special discounted rates at selected hotels for conference delegates . full details will be sent on receipt of your booking form or you can contact kiran or amanda at hotelscence , 8 the broadway , barnes , london , sw13 0br , fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 181 876 1313 or tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 181 876 0404 , quoting aslib tanslating and the computer 20 . cancellation in the event of cancellation , there will be a charge of 50 to cover administration costs . the full fee will be charged for non-attendance and for cancellations received less than 10 working days prior to the start of the conference . aslib will accept substitutes for confirmed delegates , providing we receive notification of the substitute two working days before the conference . proceedings additional copies of the proceedings for this event can be ordered for 32 . 50 from portland press by fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1206 799 331 . further details from : nicole adamides , aslib , the association for information management , staple hall , stone house court , london , ec3a 7pb tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 903 0030 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 903 0011 email : nicole @ aslib . co . uk www : www . aslib . co . uk nicole adamides , manager , professional development group aslib , the association for information management , staple hall , stone house court , london , ec3a 7pb tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 903 0030 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 903 0011 www : http : / / www . aslib . co . uk /
  """",0
  1862,""""Subject: journal of translation and textlinguistics
   
   subject : journal longacre , robert e . , journal of translation and textlinguistics , vol . 10 1998 issn : 1055-4513 ; $ 7 . 95 summer institute of linguistics . nicholas a . bailey """""""" what 's wrong with my word order ? """""""" ethel e . wallis mark 's goal - oriented plot structure julia irene dieterman participant reference in isthmus mixe narrative discourse c . john collins coherence in james 1 : 19-27 subject : journal dr . pattiya jimreivat for the mks editorial board mon-khmer studies : a journal of southeast asian languages vol . 28 , pb ; issn : 0147-5207 , viii + 228 pp . , 1998 , $ 29 . 00 summer institute of linguistics . this volume is in memoriam of william a . smalley . articles are : - tones and voice quality in modern northern vietnamese : instrumental case studies , by nguyen van loi and jerold a . edmondson - kyansittha and the indic words in myanmar from mon , by nai pan hla - affixes in katu of the lao p . d . r . , by nancy a . costello - an acoustic study of battambang khmer vowels , by ratree wayland - prepositional vs . directional coverbs in vietnamese , by sophana srichampa - some kam - tai loan-words in mon - khmer languages , by qin xiaohang - expressing comparison in the tai languages , by lev n . morev - numeral classifiers in sgaw karen , by suriya ratanakul - diachronic evolution of initial consonants in buyang , by li jingfang and zhou guoyan internet : academic . books @ sil . org available for review http : / / www . sil . org subject : linguistics walter a . cook , s . j . , author ; case grammar applied ; pb . isbn : 1-55671 - 046 - 1 ; xiii + 275 pp . , 1998 , $ 29 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics and the university of texas at arlington . dr . walter cook , s . j . , is one of the promoters of the georgetown university round table on languages and linguistics and author of numerous publications in linguistics . in case grammar theory ( 1989 ) , the author described the case grammar models of fillmore , chafe , anderson , gruber , jackendoff , and some tagmemicists as contrasting models within case grammar theory . in the present volume , intended as a companion volume to the previous one , we find a methodology for case grammar , tested in extended textual analysis including ernest hemingway 's the old man and the sea . because case grammar lends itself well to displaying the way syntactic features are associated with semantic structures , the author is able to use case grammar as an unusually clear , simple guide for sentence analysis . internet : academic , books @ sil . org available for review http : / / www . sil . org karen ann daley , author ; vietnamese classifiers in narrative texts . pb . isbn : 1-55671 - 021 - 6 ; xii + 214 pp . , 1998 , $ 29 . 00 summer institute of linguistics , and the university of texas at arlington . karen daley leads the reader into what is perhaps the first discourse study of vietnamese classifiers to date . after presenting a summary of classifiers and their function in languages of the world , she challenges the validity of regarding vietnamese classifiers as simply fitting the prototypical pattern of phrase-level numeral classifiers . in vietnamese several of the functions attributed to classifiers imply discourse relations , despite the prevailing assumption that their use is associated with the syntactic relations of phrases . a coherent pattern of classifier use becomes evident when they are observed in the larger syntactic environment of discourse . daley uses discourse measurements of overall frequency , referential distance , and referential persistence and compares them with four criteria from a study of classifiers in white hmong . the results in the present study indicate that the basic function of classifiers in vietnamese discourse is referential - - to mark salience . internet : academic . books @ sil . org available for review http : / / www . sil . org long yaohong and zheng guoqiao , authors , translated from chinese by d . norman geary ; the dong language in guizhou province , china ; pb . isbn : 1-55671 - 051 - 8 ; xvi + 272 pp . , 1998 , $ 29 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics and the university of texas at arlington . the dong people are renowned within china for their beautiful singing and their architectural prowess . their gifts have grown and flourished in the valleys and mountains of guizhou , hunan , and guangxi provinces of southwestern china . in relative obscurity before the establishment of the people 's republic of china , the 2 . 5 million dong people are fast gaining an international reputation . the dong language is distinctive for its many tones . it is often referred to outside china as kam and occupies a significant position in the kam - tai family of the sino - tibetan phylum . long yaohong and zhong guoqiao are recognized authorities on dong language research . mr . long is a native speaker of dong . he provides an introduction , touching on many aspects of dong history , culture , and language , and a discussion of the grammar . mr . zheng supplies sections on phonology , lexicon , and orthography . the two authors jointly present a chapter on dong dialects . the book as a whole represents the first comprehensive description of the dong language available in english . internet : academic . books @ sil . org available for review http : / / www . sil . org subject : weg ( pakistan ) joan l . g . baart , author ; the sounds and tones of kalam kohistani ; with wordlists and texts ; pb . isbn : 969-8023 - 03 - 8 ; 1997 , xvi + 128 pp . , $ 12 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics and national institute of pakistan studies . this volume starts a new series """""""" studies in languages of northern pakistan , """""""" published jointly by the summer institute of linguistics and the national institute of pakistan studies in islamabad . the series will include studies of the phonology , grammar , lexicon , and oral literature of kalasha , shina , burushaski , and other languages of northern pakistan . kalam kohistani ( in the literature also known as garwi or bashkarik ) belongs to the dardic branch of indo - aryan . the current volume presents a sketch of the sound system and tonal system of this language , based on recent fieldwork . it also makes a wordlist and text data available for further study . internet : academic . books @ sil . org available for review http : / / www . sil . org sincerely , grace fuqua academic publications summer institute of linguistics grace _ fuqua @ sil . org
  """",0
  1863,""""Subject: """""""" de dag . proceedings of the workshop on definites """"""""
   
   """""""" de dag . proceedings of the workshop on definites """""""" edited by paul dekker , jaap van der does , helen de hoop * * * this collection of original papers on definites presents current research from the netherlands . definiteness , one of the central topics in linguistic research , remains an intriguing subject with many issues unresolved . many of the papers in this collection do not only contribute to the characterization of definites in one particular area of language or logic : they also shed light on issues of the interfaces between semantics , pragmatics , syntax and processing . a quick reminder of the semantic characteristics of ( in ) definites is added to the introduction by jaap van der does . paul dekker 's paper studies the semantics and pragmatics of the referential interpretation of definites and the specific interpretation of indefinites , using notions of information from dynamic semantic theory . differences in syntactic behaviour ( in particular with respect to scrambling ) between definites and indefinites are studied in relation to their semantic properties by helen de hoop . edith kaan shows that the processing mechanism is not only driven by structure but also sensitive to the ( in ) definiteness of the np involved . a new version of van der sandt 's presuppositions-as - anaphors theory is presented by emiel krahmer and kees van deemter , dealing particularly well with partial match phenomena between anaphoric and antecedent nps . manuela pinto focuses on the syntactic licensing and interpretation of definite inverted subjects in italian . an extension of the study of ( in ) definites to the domain of temporal measuring nouns is provided by henk verkuyl . in the last paper of the volume , yoad winter presents an analysis of unary distributivity to account for the seemingly polyadic effects in sentences with multiple occurrences of plural definites . * * * copy 's of """""""" de dag . proceedings of the workshop on definites """""""" cost dfl . 20 , - for members of lot and dfl . 25 , - for others , and are available from the utrecht institute of linguistics ots . if you would like to order a copy , please send an e-mail ( with your name and ( e-mail ) address ) to uil-ots @ let . ruu . nl .
  """",0
  1864,""""Subject: re : new publication for web
   
   priority : normal subject : linguistics burquest , donald a . , author ; phonological analysis : a functional approach ; pb ; isbn : 1-55671 - 067 - 4 ; x + 314 pp . , 1998 , 2nd ed . , $ 29 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics . human language is a remarkable phenomenon . its study continues to be a source of fascination and delight . dr . donald burquest , professor of linguistics at the university of texas at arlington , developed this foundational textbook during years of helping students overcome the feelings of dismay that new phonology students experience when confronted by a mass of raw phonetic data . while working through the material , the student is led through the steps of organizing data and is introduced to particular theories for later in-depth specialization . the author expands on the previous edition of this text by adding introductions to autosegmental phonology and metrical phonology . he has also included a series of problems at the end of most chapters that provide an opportunity for the student to apply the information in that chapter . this textbook is intended for use in an upper division introductory course in phonology , preparing the student to further study aspects of current theory . grace fuqua academic publications summer institute of linguistics grace _ fuqua @ sil . org
  """",0
  1865,""""Subject: re : proposals for tutorials & workshops
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * | _ _ | / \ | | | \ | | | / / _ \ / _ \ * * | | / _ \ | | | \ | | | ( _ ) | ( _ ) | * * | | / _ _ _ \ | | _ _ _ | | \ | \ _ _ , | \ _ _ , | * * | _ / _ / \ _ \ _ _ _ _ _ | _ | \ _ | / _ / / _ / * * * * * * taln ' 99 * * traitement automatique du langage naturel * * * * institut d ' etudes scientifiques de cargese ( corse ) * * du 12 au 17 juillet 1999 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( see english version below ) taln ' 99 workshops & tutoriels appel a propositions cargese ( corse ) du 12 au 17 juillet 1999 nous avons le plaisir de vous annoncer que la sixieme edition de la conference sur le traitement automatique des langues naturelles ( taln ' 99 ) se tiendra a l ' institut d ' etudes scientifiques de cargese , corse . le succes croissant du colloque taln a conduit les organisateurs a proposer que taln ' 99 soit desormais une manifestation etalee sur une semaine , qui inclura des tutoriels et accueillera des ateliers thematiques ( workshops ) . la date du colloque est arretee a la semaine du 12-17 juillet . les langues officielles pour les communications et tutoriels sont le frangais et l ' anglais . ateliers thematiques ( workshops ) les ateliers se derouleront en parallele sur la base de 4 seances de 1h30 reparties sur 4 jours . ceux qui souhaitent organiser un atelier sont pries de faire parvenir au comite d ' organisation , par courrier electronique de preference , une courte proposition decrivant le theme de l ' atelier , la pertinence de son regroupement avec taln , et un comite de programme envisage . le responsable d ' un workshop est charge de l ' appel a candidature et de la coordination de son comite de programme . les communications seront incluses dans les actes . tutoriels les tutoriels se derouleront en parallele sur la base de 4 seances de 2h reparties sur 4 jours . ceux qui souhaitent proposer un tutoriel sont pries de faire parvenir au comite d ' organisation , par courrier electronique de preference , une courte proposition decrivant le sujet et le contenu du cours , la pertinence pour taln et les renseignements d ' usage sur le ou les enseignants envisage ( s ) . un resume du cours pourra etre inclus dans les actes . date limite de depot des candidatures : 20 septembre 98 notification : fin septembre 98 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - we are pleased to announce that the sixth conference on natural language processing ( taln99 ) will be held at the institute for scientific studies at carghse , corsica , france . as the previous editions of taln have been increasingly successful , taln99 will last a whole week , and will include both workshops and tutorials . the date for the conference is set to the third week of july ( july 12-17 ) . the official languages for the conference are french and english . workshops workshops will be held in parallel , on the basis of four sessions of one hour and a half , distributed across four days . if you would like to organize a workshop , please send to the organizing committee , preferably via email , a short proposal describing the topic of the workshop , its relevance with respect to the main conference , and the program committee you consider . call for papers , and program committee coordination are left to workshop organizers . accepted papers will be included in the proceedings . tutorials tutorials will be held in parallel , on the basis of four sessions of two hours , distributed across four days . if you would like to propose a tutorial , please send to the organising committee , preferably via email , a short proposal describing the topic and the content of the tutorial , its relevance for the conference , and usual data about the teacher ( s ) . a summary of the tutorial will be included in the proceedings . deadline for submission : 20 september 98 notification : end of september 98 comite d ' organisation / organizing committee anne abeille pascal amsili ( president / chair ) laurence danlos sylvain kahane marie - helene candito patrick caudal lionel clement manuela leahu laurent roussarie et les autres membres de l ' equipe talana and the other members of the talana team * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * taln ' 99 * * mailto : taln99 @ talana . linguist . jussieu . fr * * http : / / talana . linguist . jussieu . fr / taln99 * * talana - ufrl - universite de paris 7 * * case 7003 - 2 , pl . jussieu tel . : ( 33 ) 1 44 27 53 70 * * 75251 paris cedex 05 - france fax : ( 33 ) 1 44 27 79 19 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - end of forwarded message
  """",0
  1866,""""Subject: workshop visual representations & interpretations
   
   the vri ' 98 workshop - september 22nd - 24th . foresight centre , university of liverpool , uk advance notice and call for participation we warmly extend an invitation to colleagues to participate in vri ' 98 , an international workshop on visual representations & interpretations being held at the foresight centre , university of liverpool from tuesday september 22nd to thursday september 24th . the main aim of the workshop is to promote inter-disciplinary awareness across a range of disciplines where visual representations and interpretations are exploited . contributions were invited from researchers in any discipline who are actively investigating visual representations and interpretations , including though not limited to : - artists , architects , biologists , chemists , clinicians , cognitive scientists , computer scientists , educationalists , graphic designers , linguists , mathematicians , philosophers , physicists , psychologists and social scientists . we are pleased to report that all these disciplines are represented in the papers chosen for presentation at the workshop . we have also had interesting submissions which have been accepted from researchers in film and media studies , philosophy of science , molecular and cellular science , theatre studies , art and textile design , engineering and other design disciplines . this excellent response means that the conference will be a truly multi-disciplinary event . duration of workshop the considerable interest that has been expressed in the workshop has also led us to extend its duration . the workshop will now run from tuesday 22nd september until lunch-time on thursday 24th september . in order to give a potential participant some idea of the programme , session titles include : - just visualising visualising the information retrieval process visualisation for effective communication technology , change and visualisation the language of symbols visual representations : from molecules to cells articulating the design process visualising the abstract language and form across domains the detailed programme for the conference is published on the vri ' 98 www site : - http : / / www . csc . liv . ac . uk / ~ ien / vri / programme details at : - http : / / www . csc . liv . ac . uk / ~ ien / vri / programme . html registration and booking details registration details and a downloadable booking form are available from : - http : / / www . csc . liv . ac . uk / ~ ien / vri / call _ papers . html # registration this form together with with a cheque for 75 uk pounds or a request for an invoice ( see form for details ) should be sent to beth james , connect , foresight centre , 3 brownlow street , liverpool , l69 3gl . beth will be dealing with the registration for the conference . all queries in respect of registration should be made , ideally by email , to beth at beth @ csc . liv . ac . uk visit to tate gallery ( liverpool ) after the end of the workshop , on the afternoon of the 24th september , the tate gallery , liverpool has very kindly invited vri ' 98 participants to a guided tour of the willie doherty exhibition """""""" somewhere else """""""" , showing as part of revolution98 ( the 9th international symposium on electronic art , 2nd september-11 th october ) . numbers are restricted so those interested in participating in this tour are requested to email vri98 @ csc . liv . ac . uk expressing interest in this tour as soon as possible . preference for places will be given to overseas visitors . acknowledgements vri ' 98 is co-sponsored by connect , department of computer science , the university of liverpool , unilever research and barclay 's bank . visual representations & interpretations foresight centre c / o dr irene neilson , 3 brownlow street liverpool l69 3gl http : / / www . csc . liv . ac . uk / ~ ien / vri /
  """",0
  1867,""""Subject: book : nlp : using prolog
   
   an introduction to natural language processing through prolog clive matthews lecturer in linguistics at the university of east anglia . paper 0-582 - 06622 - 0 320 pages july 1998 learning about language series longman - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - research into natural language processing - the use of computers to process language - has developed over the last couple of decades into one of the most vigorous and interesting areas of current work on language and communication . this book introduces the subject through the discussion and development of various computer programs which illustrate some of the basic concepts and techniques in the field . the programming language used is prolog , which is especially well-suited for natural language processing and those with little or no background in computing . following the general introduction , the first section of the book presents prolog , and the following chapters illustrate how various natural language processing programs may be written using this programming language . since it is assumed that the reader has no previous experience in programming , great care is taken to provide a simple yet comprehensive introduction to prolog . due to the ' user friendly ' nature of prolog , simple yet effective programs may be written from an early stage . the reader is gradually introduced to various techniques for syntactic processing , ranging from finite state network recognisors to chart parsers . an integral element of the book is the comprehensive set of exercises included in each chapter as a means of cementing the reader 's understanding of each topic . suggested answers are also provided . an introduction to natural language processing through prolog is an excellent introduction to the subject for students of linguistics and computer science , and will be especially useful for those with no background in the subject . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - further information on the books published in this series , and the table of contents for this title can be viewed at the longman linguistics on-line catalogue at : http : / / www . awl-he . com / linguistics for a complete listing of our world-wide offices , please click below : http : / / www . awl-he . com / offices
  """",0
  1868,""""Subject: 2nd intl symposium on bilingualism
   
   reminder reminder reminder reminder 2nd international symposium on bilingualism ( april , 1999 , newcastle , uk ) details of the symposium and registration form now available at http : / / www . newcastle . ac . uk / ~ nspeech deadline for submission of abstract : 31 august , 1998 .
  """",0
  1869,""""Subject: workshop on embedded mt systems ( call for papers )
   
   * * * * * * * * * deadline extension announcement * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * new submission deadline : august 24 , 1998 workshop announcement - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - workshop on embedded mt systems call for papers design , construction , and evaluation of systems with an mt component wednesday , october 28 , 1998 ( preceding the amta 98 conference ) sheraton bucks county hotel , langhorne , pennsylvania introduction as the strengths and weaknesses of machine translation ( mt ) engines have become better understood and accepted , there has been a marked increase in the development of computer systems with an embedded mt component . one consequence of this shift to """""""" embedded mt """""""" is that researchers , developers , as well as users have begun pushing the limits on the input that such systems will accept for translation . in so doing , a new class of problems has surfaced : any input - - - whether it appears in physical form on paper , in electronic form on-line , or mixed in with another modality such as graphics or video - - - will bring with it some unknown mix of noisy natural language data as well as non-linguistic data . how are systems with an mt component to be designed and evaluated given the challenge this input brings ? the objective of this workshop is to examine and evaluate techniques for adjusting this """""""" linguistic impedance mismatch """""""" between the real-world input and the natural language input expected by various mt engines . thus the workshop will focus on computational approaches to preprocessing system input for mt engines and on statistical methods for evaluating systems with an embedded mt component . linguistic preprocessing in image data for researchers working with image data , there is currently underway an effort to augment ocr ( optical character recognition ) engines with linguistic data as they recognize and convert bitmap data into characters - - - similar to what has already been done in speech recognition with linguistic data in hmms ( hidden markov models ) . other ocr researchers have also experimented with image-level early topic detection using word-shape recognition . in principle , this could provide a first-step filtering of documents into a more homogeneous mt input set , a desirable goal for mt evaluation . thus we expect that individuals working with or intending to incorporate ocr into their computer systems will be interested in this new area . linguistic preprocessing in online data for those working with online input , even though the characters are already present , there often still remains the task of preprocessing meaningful , symbolic character strings that are not a part of the text to be translated . for some systems , the rules for identifying and encapsulating or removing such strings may need to be hand-crafted over time as mt engine limitations surface . for others , a combination of hand-crafted rules and statistically trained nl models has worked . many have observed that the html annotations , alphanumeric items , spreadsheet and word processing codes are harder to weed out than originally expected . research efforts with the low-density and less-commonly taught languages , as well as more common ones , encounter a substantial problem with variation in spelling conventions and transcription preferences . for those natural languages that are primarily spoken and not written , for example , this is frequently the case . researchers working on this class of problem have built variants on spell checkers ( sc ) , components that standardize words to one orthography ( spelling convention ) before submitting it to an mt engine . an idea that has arisen for this component is to build in an option to adjust the level of sc correction - - - as would be relevant when input after ocr nonetheless varies from very noisy to relatively clean . evaluation of embedded mt systems among those working on statistical methods for evaluating systems with an embedded mt component , we have seen two distinct trends . one group of statisticians has begun looking for appropriate models from outside the world of mt evaluation , examining the efforts by others to take distinct metrics for components and combine them for an overall system-level metric using fuzzy mathematics . another group of researchers is looking instead at developing a one-dimensional scale for ranking mt engines along a continuum defined by system-level function . that approach , for example , might rank one engine as good enough for filtering documents , while another engine deemed more linguistically robust would be ranked higher because it could generate a good enough initial translation for subsequent post-editing . we welcome other functional evaluations of mt components and computer systems with embedded mt components as well . submissions submitters are invited to send in a short paper , not more than 5 pages , addressing one or more of the three areas discussed above . papers should define the problem in an embedded mt system that is the focus of the work , describe the embedded mt system design ( a simple sketch ) with sample input data where relevant , and present their approach to the problem . work at various stages of completion is acceptable ; we expect the current status of the work to be made clear . submission of end-to - end output of an embedded mt system is especially encouraged . the papers will be collected and distributed to participants of the workshop . ideally , the result of the workshop will be a clearer delineation of : ( 1 ) the range of linguistic preprocessing problems ( 2 ) the range of designs in embedded mt systems ( 3 ) how these problems are treated in different embedded mt systems ( 4 ) the metrics that are being used to evaluate these systems and their components . dates notice of interest in participation : july 10 , 1998 ( to voss @ arl . mil ) please identify which of the three areas you intend to address : preprocessing in image data , preprocessing in online data , evaluation of embedded mt systems . position paper submission : august 10 , 1998 note : now , august 24 , 1998 notifications : september 10 , 1998 note : now , september 17 , 1998 final copies of papers : october 10 , 1998 workshop : october 28 , 1998 submissions may be in printed or electronic form . submissions should be sent to : clare voss army research laboratory amsrl-is - ci 2800 powder mill road adelphi , md 20783 phone : ( 301 ) 394-5615 fax : ( 301 ) 394-3903 e-mail : voss @ arl . mil the registration fee for the conference is $ 50 . non - presenters will be accepted on a first-come , first served basis . we strongly encourage the participation of embedded mt system users , as well as members of the research and development communities . a copy of the call , the registration form , and further update information is available via a link at : < http : / / rpstl . arl . mil / isb-south / > look for the conferences and workshop link .
  """",0
  1870,""""Subject: """""""" workshop on ellipsis in conjunction """"""""
   
   workshop on ellipsis in conjunction berlin , oct . 2 - 3 , 1998 organizers project group """""""" focus syntax """""""" : niina zhang , kerstin schwabe , horst dieter gasde , andre meinunger zas jaegerstr . 10-11 10117 berlin germany tel : 49-30 - 20192-410 ; 49-30 - 20192-572 fax : 49-30 - 20192-402 ellipsis @ zas . gwz-berlin . de http / / www . zas . gwz-berlin . de program friday , october 2 , 1998 chair : kerstin schwabe 9 . 30 - 10 . 30 alan munn michigan state u coordination asymmetries and their implications for ellipsis 10 . 30 - 11 . 00 jose camacho rutgers u on the structure of conjunction 11 . 00 - 11 . 30 break chair : alan munn 11 . 30 - 12 . 30 john te velde oklahoma state u the structure of coordinate constructions : what 's symmetrical , what 's not and why ( not ) 12 . 30 - 13 . 00 philippe schlenker mit morphonological effects on ellipsis resolution 13 . 00 - 14 . 00 lunch chair : jason merchant 14 . 00 - 15 . 00 chris wilder zas berlin shared constituents and linearization 15 . 00 - 15 . 30 15 . 30 - 16 . 00 rikardo etxepare & kleanthes k . grohmann u of the basque country and u of maryland conjunction of nacs and the null modal hypothesis bernhard schwarz u of massachusetts on asymmetric coordinations in german 16 . 00 - 16 . 30 break chair : artemis alexiadou 16 . 30 - 17 . 30 david lightfoot u of maryland ellipsis as clitics 17 . 30 - 18 . 00 susanne winkler u tubingen intonational disambiguation of bound and referential pronouns in ellipsis : evidence for a direct connection between lf and pf 18 . 00 - 18 . 30 kerstin schwabe zas berlin coordinate ellipsis and information structure 19 . 30 dinner saturday , october 3 , 1998 chair : paul law 9 . 30 - 10 . 30 kyle johnson u of massachusetts gapping determiners 10 . 30 - 11 . 00 cedrick boeckx u of connecticut an additional note on pseudogapping 11 . 00 - 11 . 30 break chair : chris wilder 11 . 30 . - 12 . 30 danny fox mit a note on parallelism , focus and accommodation 12 . 30 - 13 . 00 satoshi oku u of connecticut definite and indefinite strict identity in vp - ellipsis 13 . 00 - 14 . 00 lunch chair andre meinunger 14 . 00 - 15 . 00 norbert corver & craig thiersch tilburg u paranthetical phrases as asymmetrical coordination 15 . 00 - 15 . 30 niina zhang zas berlin ellipsis of chinese modifiers 15 . 30 - 16 . 00 break chair susanne winkler 16 . 00 - 17 . 00 jason merchant uc santa cruz islands , sluicing , and form-identity 17 . 00 - 17 . 30 maribel romero u of massachusetts at amherst sluiced wh - phrases and islands 17 . 30 - 18 . 00 haihua pan city u of hong kong ( np ) ellipses in mandarin chinese
  """",0
  1871,""""Subject: philosophy of lang
   
   the following is a book which readers of this list might find of interest . for more information please visit http : / / mitpress . mit . edu / promotions / books / ostdps98 definite descriptions a reader edited by gary ostertag bertrand russell 's theory of definite descriptions sparked an ongoing debate concerning the proper logical and linguistic analysis of definite descriptions . while it is now widely acknowledged that , like the indexical expressions ' i ' , ' here ' , and ' now ' , definite descriptions in natural language are context-sensitive , there is significant disagreement as to the ultimate challenge this context-sensitivity poses to russell 's theory . this reader is intended both to introduce students to the philosophy of language via the theory of descriptions , and to provide scholars in analytic philosophy with ready access to some of the central contributions in this area . it includes classic works by russell , carnap , strawson , lambert , donnellan , grice , peacocke , kripke , wettstein , soames , neale , and schiffer . gary ostertag is a visiting scholar in the department of philosophy at new york university . a bradford book august 1998 6 x 9 , 448 pp . paper isbn 0-262 - 65049 - 5 jud wolfskill associate publicist phone : ( 617 ) 253-2079 mit press fax : ( 617 ) 253-1709 five cambridge center e - mail : wolfskil @ mit . edu ambridge , ma 02142-1493 http : / / mitpress . mit . edu
  """",0
  1872,""""Subject: syntax
   
   the following is a book which readers of this list might find of interest . for more information please visit http : / / mitpress . mit . edu / promotions / books / zubpps98 prosody , focus , and word order maria luisa zubizarreta this monograph exemplifies a new trend in grammatical theory in which researchers combine findings from more than one area of linguistics . specifically , the author looks at the relationship between phrasal prominence and focus in romance and germanic languages to provide new insights into how these properties are grammatically articulated . building upon previous results in the field , she argues that phrasal prominence ( nuclear stress ) reflects syntactic ordering . there are two varieties of syntactic ordering . the first is the standard asymmetric c-command ordering . the second is the ordering derived from the primitive relation of selection holding between a head and its associated argument . part of the difference between germanic and romance languages stems from a difference in the way the two syntactic orderings interact in the mapping onto phrasal prominence . the author shows that the symmetry between syntactic ordering and phrasal prominence so defined may be broken because of the independent requirement that a focused constituent must contain the most prominent element in the sentence . two kinds of processes come into play to repair the broken symmetry . one is a process of deaccenting . the other is a process of movement , called """""""" p-movement . """""""" the author shows that a proper understanding of the properties of p-movement can be attained within the framework of the minimalist program . maria luisa zubizarreta is associate professor at the university of southern california . linguistic inquiry monograph 33 august 1998 6 x 9 , 232 pp . , 4 illus . paper isbn 0-262 - 74021 - 4 cloth isbn 0-262 - 24041 - 6 jud wolfskill associate publicist phone : ( 617 ) 253-2079 mit press fax : ( 617 ) 253-1709 five cambridge center e - mail : wolfskil @ mit . edu cambridge , ma 02142-1493 http : / / mitpress . mit . edu
  """",0
  1873,""""Subject: universal grammar
   
   the following is a book which readers of this list might find of interest . for more information please visit http : / / mitpress . mit . edu / promotions / books / craihs98 investigations in universal grammar a guide to experiments on the acquisition of syntax and semantics stephen crain and rosalind thornton this introductory guide to language acquisition research is presented within the framework of universal grammar , a theory of the human faculty for language . the authors focus on two experimental techniques for assessing children 's linguistic competence : the elicited production task , a production task , and the truth value judgment task , a comprehension task . their methodologies are designed to overcome the numerous obstacles to empirical investigation of children 's language competence . they produce research results that are more reproducible and less likely to be dismissed as an artifact of improper experimental procedure . in the first section of the book , the authors examine the fundamental assumptions that guide research in this area ; they present both a theory of linguistic competence and a model of language processing . in the following two sections , they discuss in detail their two experimental techniques . stephen crain is professor of linguistics and rosalind thornton is assistant professor of linguistics , both at the university of maryland at college park . language , speech , and communication series a bradford book may 1998 cloth 7 x 10 , 368 pp . , 46 illus . isbn 0-262 - 03250 - 3 jud wolfskill associate publicist phone : ( 617 ) 253-2079 mit press fax : ( 617 ) 253-1709 five cambridge center e - mail : wolfskil @ mit . edu cambridge , ma 02142-1493 http : / / mitpress . mit . edu
  """",0
  1874,""""Subject: semantics / syntax - semantics interface / language acquisition
   
   van hout , angeliek ; event semantics of verb frame alternations : a case study of dutch and its acquisition ; 0-8153 - 3128 - 2 , cloth ; pages , $ 91 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics using both theoretical and language acquisition arguments , this study proposes a new model of the lexicon-syntax interface defined in terms of checking event-semantic features . the research is based on dutch verbs and their possible verb frames ( intransitive , transitive , etc . ) and two studies of children 's dutch . the model developed from these cases represents more generally the way in which universal grammar organizes the lexicon of a language and the mapping system that associates a verb 's lexical features with its syntactic projection . the author shows that a predicate 's event-semantic or aspectual properties define the mapping relation between lexicon and syntax , rather than lexical-semantic information of the verb 's event participants , which is the more traditional view . a verb 's appearance in several different verb frames is determined by event type-shifting ; an atelic ( = unbounded ) or a telic ( = bounded ) event type yields different verb frames , and so does a non-causative or a causative event type . these effects can only be captured if the mapping relation is sensitive to event semantics . the two acquisition studies offer a new and unique perspective on verb learning . one is a longitudinal study on the acquisition of light verbs ; the other is an experimental study on the acquisition of intransitive verbs . they show that children are sensitive to event semantics from early in the language acquisition process . e - mail : info @ garland . com
  """",0
  1875,""""Subject: phonology / phonetics
   
   casali , roderic f . ; resolving hiatus ; 0-8153 - 3149 - 5 , cloth ; pages , $ 59 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this study investigates two alternative ways in which languages resolve sequences of adjacent vowels ( hiatus ) : deletion of one of the vowels , or coalescence of the adjacent vowels to form a third vowel that combines features of both the originals . although existing phonological theories predict relatively few restrictions on the behavior of either process , a survey of 92 languages reveals a number of surprising and previously unreported limitations on their behavior . for example , although deletion of the first of two vowels is extremely common and can apply in any position , deletion of the second vowel is restricted to certain well-defined morpho-syntactic contexts , such as the boundary between a root and a suffix . these restrictions , are explained in terms of functionally-motivated constraints that favor preservation of phonological material in certain prominent positions , such as in root morphemes . in the case of coalescence , the study reveals a surprising correlation between the structure of a language 's vowel inventory and the result of merging high and a non-high vowels . this correlation is explained in terms of a novel theory of acoustic height features whose detailed specification is determined by functionally-motivated constraints sensitive to the number of vowel heights within a particular language . e - mail : info @ garland . com
  """",0
  1876,""""Subject: syntax / syntax - semantics interface
   
   potsdam , eric ; syntactic issues in the english imperative ; 0-8153 - 3129 - 0 , cloth ; pages , $ 97 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this book investigates long-standing problems in the syntactic analysis of the english imperative . most earlier works within the generative tradition have claimed that the syntax of imperatives idiosyncratically and irreducibly differs from that of other english clauses . this work argues that , on the contrary , the imperative has a largely regular syntax which is fully compatible with current formal grammars of english . the putative differences reside primarily in three domainsthe behavior of the auxiliary verbs """""""" have """""""" and """""""" be , """""""" the options for subjects , and the word order in negative and emphatic clauses . this study addresses each of these controversial domains in turn and argues that the behavior of the imperative is unexceptional in each case . the work is unique in attempting to assimilate the syntax of the english imperative to better-established analyses of english originally developed for other areas of the language . in defending this thesis , the work analyzes word order , constituent structure , and semantic restrictions in the imperative . analyses of two core phenomena in english syntax , adverb placement and vp ellipsis , are also defended . this in-depth investigation of syntactic and semantic aspects of the modern english imperative will be of interest to scholars of syntactic theory , english linguistics , and english grammar . e - mail : info @ garland . com
  """",0
  1877,""""Subject: syntax / philosophy of lang
   
   cormack , annabel ; definitions : implications for syntax , semantics , and the language of thought ; 0-8153 - 3131 - 2 , cloth ; pages , $ 83 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics the answer to the question """""""" how can we understand and use a definition ? """""""" provides new constraints on natural language and on the internal language in which meaning is mentally represented . most syntax takes the sentence as the basic unit for well-formedness , but definitions force us to focus on words and phrases , and hence to focus on compositional syntax in parallel with compositional semantics . this study examines both dictionary definitions and definitions from textbooks from the points of view of their syntax , semantics , and use for learning word meaning . the tools used throughout are principles and parameters syntax , relevance theoretic pragmatics , model theoretic semantics , and the formal theory of definitions . the analyses argue that because phrases can be understood in isolation , some standard syntactic analyses must be modified . ' np movement ' has to be reanalysed as transmission of theta roles . these ideas are then applied to a variety of adjectives which take propositional complements . the final chapter argues that for definitions to be understood , the syntax of the language of thought must be close to that of natural language in specifiable ways . for example , semantic types must be common to the two languages . the book will be of interest to linguists concerned with syntax , semantics and pragmatics ; philosophers of mind and of language ; and lexicographers . e - mail : info @ garland . com
  """",0
  1878,""""Subject: syntax
   
   runner , jeffrey t . ; noun phrase licensing ; 0-8153 - 3134 - 7 , cloth ; pages , $ 62 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this book examines the syntax of direct object noun phrases in english within the principles and parameters , specifically chomsky 's minimalist program , approach to generative grammar . the main focus is on the phrase structural positions of object noun phrases at the various levels of representation , and secondarily on the relationship between structural position and semantic interpretation . supported by a variety of empirical and conceptual arguments , the central claim of the book is that direct object noun phrases in english surface in a vp - external position ; a secondary claim is that while in the overt syntax direct objects appear vp - externally , their position at the level of """""""" logical form """""""" varies depending on interpretation . four basic constructions are studied : simple transitive clauses , transitive clauses with prepositional objects , the """""""" raising to object """""""" construction , and the """""""" double object """""""" construction . the particular mismatches observed between overt and covert syntax are argued to follow from a non-movement - based mapping among levels of representation ; specifically the author employs and further develops the """""""" copy and delete """""""" approach to movement which , combined with general principles regulating the licensing of phrases at various levels of representation , accounts for the observed mismatches , as well as neatly extending to two further constructions : the existential and stylistic inversion constructions . this book will be of interest to scholars in the areas of phrase structure syntax , english and germanic syntax , the syntax-semantics interface , and all areas of generative approaches to syntax . e - mail : info @ garland . com
  """",0
  1879,""""Subject: semantics / syntax - semantics interface
   
   tovena , lucia m . ; the fine structure of polarity sensitivity ; 0-8153 - 3133 - 9 , cloth ; pages , $ 71 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this study investigates the phenomenon of polarity sensitivity , proposing a new perspective which focuses on the behavior and properties of sensitive items and the phrases they form . it rests on the observation that the complexity of the phenomenon requires a more articulated analysis than the standard one based on licensing conditions . the study adopts a broader notion of sensitivity , which extends beyond the traditional one restricted to polarity . it includes other factors which are defined in relation to the semantics of the sensitive items . as a result , the attention is centered on the web of interactions the item entertains with its context of occurrence , rather than on polarity licensing conditions . these items are not lexical black boxes , mutually undistinguishable with respect to polarity licensing . the study shows that the distribution and interpretation of these items follow from constraints related to the properties of their semantic domain . aspect and temporal order are crucial factors for sensitive temporal connectives and adverbials , while referential links and existential import matter for determiners . analogies and differences with other phenomena related to negation , e . g . negative concord , are discussed . the volume also contains an extensive critical overview of research on the topic in the past thirty years . this book will be of interest to scholars in the area of semantics , syntax and their interface . it also points to various important themes in pragmatics and cognitive science , e . g . the role of context and reference , and the notion of interpretation strategies . e - mail : info @ garland . com
  """",0
  1880,""""Subject: semantics
   
   yeom , jae - il ; a presuppositional analysis of specific indefinites : common grounds as structured information states ; 0-8153 - 3175 - 4 , cloth ; pages , $ 65 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics a specific indefinite presupposes that someone has in mind an individual who has the property denoted by its descriptive content . having an individual in mind means that the agent knows who the referent is , and thus it affects the information state of the agent , but not the others . the asymmetric information , shared by all participants in a conversation , cannot be represented when the common ground has only one information state . thus a common ground must have multiple information states , each for each participant in a conversation . the information state of the agent who has an individual in mind must be differentiated from the others ' by being structured into sub-information - states so that each sub-information - state associates the specific indefinite with a different unique individual . it then conveys the information that the agent has some individual in mind , but that it is not known yet who it is . this analysis thus requires a new dynamic semantics which is partially representational and partially denotational . this leads to a new analysis of proper names . specific indefinites tend to have widest scope , which is explained by claiming that specific indefinites trigger presuppositions . presuppositions are assumed to have various scopes with respect to operators in a sentence , and the strongest reading is preferred on rational and economic basis . it is shown that stronger readings roughly correspond to wider scopes . this book will be of interest to scholars who work on indefinite nps , presuppositions , anaphora in belief contexts , and dynamic semantics in general . e - mail : info @ garland . com
  """",0
  1881,""""Subject: syntax
   
   nelson , diane carlita ; grammatical case assignment in finnish ; 0-8153 - 3180 - 0 , cloth ; pages , $ 65 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this study presents an analysis of patterns of morphological case in finnish within the principles and parameters framework . finnish has a rich system of inflection for both case and agreement , making it an important language for testing hypotheses about the relationships between morphological case and abstract case , and case / case and agreement . the focus of the study is a set of syntactic environments where internal dp arguments appear in nominative case , but alternate with accusative pronouns . in the same contexts , internal arguments may also receive partitive case to encode features related to aspect or indefiniteness . because these environments lack an external argument coindexed with agreement , the data is particularly relevant to predictions made by burzio 's generalization . by testing burzio 's hypothesis systematically against a range of sentence types , finnish is shown to contain an ergative case subsystem within a nominative-accusative main system . the assignment of the objective cases is linked with the licensing of aspectual roles at d - structure , and finite tense is posited as a bi-unique case assigner . the case split then arises as the result of two case features being assigned simultaneously to an internal argument , objective case at d - structure associated with aspect , and nominative case at s - structure associated with finite tense where an external argument is not available . morphological spell-out rules for particular argument types are proposed which determine the surface case realization of doubly-case assigned nominals . e - mail : info @ garland . com
  """",0
  1882,""""Subject: new book : philosophy of language
   
   philosophy of language the big questions edited by andrea nye university of wisconsin , whitewater this wide-ranging anthology brings together a variety of readings in the philosophy of language from the ancient greeks to contemporary analytic , feminist , and multicultural perspectives . the emphasis is on issues that have a direct bearing on concerns about knowledge , reality , meaning , and understanding . a general introduction and introductions to each group of readings identify both the continuities and differences in the way """""""" big """""""" questions in philosophy of language have been addressed by philosophers of different historical periods , institutional affiliations , races , and genders . contents general introduction a : language : what is it ? : 1 . plato : language as the weaving together of forms 2 . jean - jacques rousseau : the origins of language 3 . john locke : on words 4 . gottlob frege : on the scientific justification of a conceptual notation 5 . john dewey : the existential matrix of inquiry 6 . ludwig wittgenstein : picturing reality 7 . emile benveniste : subjectivity in language 8 . jerry fodor : private language , public languages 9 . monique wittig : the mark of gender . b : meaning : how do words get their sense ? : 10 . gottlob frege : on sense and reference 11 . a . j . ayer : the principle of verifiability 12 . ludwig wittgenstein : meaning as use 13 . ruth millikan : biosemantics 14 . merrill and jaakko hintikka : how can language be sexist ? c : speaking : what is it to say something ? : 15 . h . p . grice : meaning 16 . john austin : performative utterances 17 . v . n . volosinov : verbal interaction 18 . arindam chakrabati : telling as letting know 19 . luce irigaray : he i sought but did not find . d : reference : what do we talk about ? : 20 . bertrand russell : on denoting 21 . saul kripke : naming and necessity ( excerpts ) 22 . michel foucault : the formation of objects 23 . judith butler : critically queer 24 . maria lugones : """""""" worlds """""""" and world travelling . e : truth : what is the relation between language and reality ? : 25 . alfred tarski : the semantic theory of truth 26 . donald davidson : the method of truth in metaphysics 27 . linda alcoff : truth as coherence 28 . david theo goldberg : truth through social praxis 29 . sandra harding : are truth claims dysfunctional ? f : other minds and foreign tongues : how is it possible to understand what someone else says ? : 30 . bronislaw malinowski : the translation of untranslatable words 31 . w . v . quine : indeterminacy of translation 32 . donald davidson : on the very idea of a conceptual scheme 33 . benjamin whorf : an american indian model of the universe 34 . gloria anzaldua : how to tame a wild tongue 35 . wole soyinka : language as boundary philosophy : the big questions series june 1998 6 x 9 336 pages 0-631 - 20602 - 7 paperback $ 29 . 95 0-631 - 20601 - 9 hardcover $ 62 . 95 available for review to order please call blackwell publishers at 1-800 - 216-2522 or visit our website at http : / / www . blackwellpub . com
  """",0
  1883,""""Subject: language as metaphor & metaphors for language - - session at aaa 98
   
   i have volunteered to organize the following session for the next meeting of the society for linguistic anthropology at aaa 98 ( next winter in washington ) : language as metaphor and metaphors for language metaphor has been shown to be an integral component of the way we conceptualize experience and embody it in language . but metaphor can also be thought of as a specific tool that can be used in a variety of disciplines : a concrete image can summarize or illuminate the object of study , and sometimes even inform the direction of the discipline . new theories give rise to new metaphors , and the study of such metaphors can throw light on the development of theories . papers are invited from both linguists and non-linguists on two topics : 1 ) language used as metaphor : for a restricted communicative code used concurrently with language : e . g . the language of flowers ; but also for various characteristics of expressive or cognitive domains , e . g . the grammar / syntax / vocabulary of architecture , music , etc . ; what characteristics of language are used metaphorically ? to what do they correspond in other domains ? what is the usefulness of language metaphors for the domains in question ? 2 ) language as object of metaphor : what can language be compared to ? explicit ( e . g . neo-grammarian ' family tree ' ; saussure 's game of chess ; the city ) and implicit ( ? ) metaphors for language ; what do such metaphors reveal about language and how speakers view it ? how do metaphors for language relate to directions in linguistics ? please contact me : marie - lucie tarpent , mount st vincent u , halifax , n . s . b3m 2j6 canada ; 902-457 - 6172 ; marie-lucie . tarpent @ msvu . ca .
  """",0
  1884,""""Subject: tree - adjoining grammars workshop
   
   tag + workshop - - first call for papers august 1 to august 3 , 1998 tag tutorials - - preliminary announcement july 28 to july 31 , 1998 philadelphia , pa , usa url : http : / / www . cis . upenn . edu / ~ ircs / mol / tag98 . html the fourth workshop on tree-adjoining grammars and related frameworks ( hence the + after tag ) will be held at the institute for research in cognitive science at the university of pennsylvania in august 1998 , from august 1 to august 3 . previous workshops were held at dagstuhl ( 1990 ) , upenn ( 1992 ) , and univ . paris 7 ( 1994 ) . papers on all aspects of tag ( linguistic , mathematical , computational , and applicational ) , as well as papers relating tags to other frameworks , are invited . as in the past there will be some invited talks on other grammar formalisms which have interesting relationships to tags ( for example , categorial grammars and hpsg ) . guidelines for abstracts : abstracts should be at most two pages ( exclusive of references ) , and should be submitted in ascii format , as a . ps file , or as self-contained latex file to jmacdoug @ central . cis . upenn . edu . ( if email is not available , please send the abstract to the address given below . ) please indicate on the abstract if you would prefer to give a short presentation ( 10 minutes ) or a long one ( 30 minutes ) . the abstract should contain your name , address , and email address . proceedings including extended versions ( 4 pages ) of accepted abstracts will be available at the workshop . deadline for submission for abstracts : april 15 notification of acceptance : may 15 deadline for submission of camera-ready extended abstract : july 6 workshop dates : august 1 to august 3 if you do not want to submit an abstract , but would like to attend , we would appreciate it if you could inform us by email by july 6 ( unless you have already done so ) . if you would like to present a demo , please let us know as soon as possible , including information about required hard and software . program committee : anne abeille ( universit ' e paris 7 ) tilman becker ( dfki ) christy doran ( university of pennsylvania ) robert frank ( johns hopkins university ) klaus netter ( dfki ) richard oehrle ( university of arizona ) owen rambow ( cogentex , inc . ) giorgio satta ( universita di padova ) yuka tateisi ( university of tokyo ) k . vijayshanker ( university of delaware ) david weir ( university of sussex ) contact address : jennifer macdougall 553 moore building university of pennsylvania philadelphia , pa 19104-6389 usa telephone : ( 215 ) 898-3191 fax : ( 215 ) 898-0587 email : jmacdoug @ central . cis . upenn . edu tutorial : prior to the workshop there will be a tutorial ( including labs and demos ) from july 28 to july 31 1998 . details about the tutorial will be sent out soon . we are trying to get some partial support for some of the students attending the tutorials . if you may be interested in attending this tutorial , please contact jennifer macdougall at the address above ( preferably by email ) and we will send you more information . organizing committee : anne abeille ( paris 7 ) tilman becker ( dfki ) owen rambow ( cogentex , inc . ) giorgio satta ( universita di padova ) k . vijayshanker ( university of delaware )
  """",0
  1885,""""Subject: programme workshop on modality ( sle 98 )
   
   here is the definitive schedule of the workshop on modality in generative grammar during sle 98 , st andrews , scotland . thursday 27 august ( st salvators college room 31 ) : 10 . 30 hackl & nissenbaum : variable modal force in for-infinitival relative ( mit ) clauses . 11 . 30 quiben : on acd constructions and modals in spanish . ( madrid ) lunch 14 . 00 tomic : the relationship of negation , modality / mood in ( novi sad ) macedonian . 15 . 00 barbiers : modality and polarity . ( leiden ) tea 16 . 30 beukema & v . d . wurff modals , objects and negation in late ( leiden ) middle english . friday 28 august ( st salvators college room 31 ) : 10 . 30 gronemeyer the syntactic basis of evidentiality in ( lund ) lithuanian . 11 . 30 golden & sheppard slovene ( negative ) imperatives . ( ljubljana ) saturday 29 august ( st salvators college room 31 ) : 10 . 30 snyder syntax , semantics , chicken , and egg : ( pennsylvania ) some remarks on the development of modal auxiliaries in english . 11 . 30 abraham infinitivals , modals and the theory of pro ( groningen ) for further information about the programme of the workshop , contact frits beukema or sjef barbiers : beukema @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl barbiers @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl for information about the sle conference ( travel , lodging etc . ) , please consult the homepage : http : / / www . st-and . ac . uk / academic / modlangs / sle98 / sle98 . html
  """",0
  1886,""""Subject: kbcs-98 2nd call for papers
   
   k b c s-98 2nd call for papers international conference on knowledge based computer systems national centre for software technology mumbai , india december 17-18 , 1998 the deadline for submission of papers has now been extended to august 30 , 1998 the international conference on knowledge based computer systems will be held in mumbai , india during december 17-18 , 1998 . the conference is intended to act as a forum for promoting interaction among researchers in the field of artificial intelligence in india and abroad . there will be a one and a half day conference during december 17-18 , 1998 followed by a half day of post-conference tutorials on december 18 , 1998 . papers are invited on substantial , original and unpublished research on all aspects of artificial intelligence , including , but not limited to the following : o ai applications o ai architectures o automatic programming o cognitive modeling o expert systems o foundations of ai o genetic algorithms o information retrieval o intelligent agents o intelligent tutoring systems o knowledge acquisition o knowledge management o knowledge representation o machine learning o machine translation o natural language processing o neural networks o planning and scheduling o reasoning o robotics o search techniques o speech processing o theorem proving o uncertainty handling o vision programme committee k . s . r . anjaneyulu , ncst , mumbai s . arunkumar , iit , mumbai amitava bagchi , iim , calcutta pushpak bhattacharya , iit , mumbai nick cercone , u of regina , canada b . b . chaudhuri , isi , calcutta r . chandrasekar , u of pennsylvania , usa s . k . goyal , gte labs , usa s . sen gupta , tata infotech , mumbai j . r . isaac , niit , new delhi aravind k . joshi , u of pennsylvania , usa h . n . mahabala , infosys , bangalore m . narasimha murthy , iisc , bangalore r . narasimhan , cmc , bangalore s . ramani , ncst , mumbai ( chair ) p . v . s . rao , tifr , mumbai p . saint - dizier , u of paul sabatier , france r . sangal , iit , kanpur r . uthurusamy , gmr labs , usa ( co - chair ) m . vidyasagar , cair , bangalore * * to be confirmed organizing committee george arakal , ncst ( chair ) dhawal bhagwat , ncst s . karthik , ncst parag a . mahadane , ncst mandar padhye , ncst p . ravi prakash , ncst durgesh d . rao , ncst m . sasikumar , ncst puneet srivastava , ncst format of submission authors should submit their papers , not to exceed 5000 words ( including figures and references ) either electronically or in hard copy . papers should be in english . papers should include an abstract of about 100-200 words in length . papers outside the specified length are subject to rejection without review . since reviewing will be """""""" blind """""""" , the authors ' names and affiliations along with the main area of the paper should be given only on a separate cover sheet . those submitting by hard copy should send four copies of the paper . papers in electronic form can be in any of the following formats : plain text , postscript , pdf , latex , microsoft word ( rtf format ) or wordstar . submissions in electronic form are preferred . papers will be selected for presentation in the conference , based on international refereeing . proceedings of the conference consisting of papers selected for presentation , will be published by ncst and will be available internationally . abstracts of presented papers will be available on the web . a few selected papers will be published in a special issue of vivek . call for tutorials proposals are invited for post-conference tutorials . tutorials will be half-day and will be held on december 18th , 1998 . the proposal should be presented in the form of a 200 - word abstract , one page topical outline of the content , description of the proposers and their qualifications relating to the tutorial content . send papers and tutorial proposals to the kbcs-98 secretariat . submission deadlines papers : o due : august 30 , 1998 o acceptance notification : october 10 , 1998 o camera ready copy due : november 15 , 1998 tutorial proposals : o due : august 30 , 1998 o acceptance notification : september 15 , 1998 o materials due : november 25 , 1998 registration fees : conference : students : rs 600 delegates from not-for - profit organisations : rs 800 other delegates : rs 1200 tutorials : half day : rs 400 all payments should be made by a crossed cheque or draft , payable to national centre for software technology . for further information please refer to the kbcs-98 home page or write to the kbcs-98 secretariat . address kbcs-98 secretariat national centre for software technology gulmohar cross rd no . 9 juhu , mumbai 400 049 , india url : http : / / konark . ncst . ernet . in / ~ kbcs / kbcs98 / phone : + 91 ( 22 ) 620 1606 fax : + 91 ( 22 ) 621 0139 e - mail : kbcs @ konark . ncst . ernet . in
  """",0
  1887,""""Subject: call for genetic programming book proposals
   
   call for book proposals for kluwer book series on genetic programming kluwer academic publishers announces the genetic programming book series genetic programming is a technique for automatically synthesizing computer programs to solve problems . the kluwer book series on genetic programming will cover applications of genetic programming , theoretical foundations of genetic programming , technique extensions , and implementation issues . it be the first collection of monographs , edited collections , and advanced texts to cover this rapidly growing field . in order to publish material that is timely and reflects the state of the art , the series will focus on books of relatively narrow scope and moderate length and will feature a rapid publication schedule . the first book of the series , langdon 's genetic programming and data structures : genetic programming + data structures = automatic programming ! has already been published . topics may include , but are not limited to design , control , classification , system identification , data mining , pattern recognition and image analysis , data and image compression , evolvable machine language , evolvable hardware , and automatic programming of multi-agent and distributed systems . prospective authors : if you have an idea for a book which would fit in this series , we would welcome the opportunity to review your proposal . should you wish to discuss any potential project further or receive specific information regarding our book proposal requirements , please contact either john koza or scott delman . pleas enclose a short biography with your proposal . john r . koza consulting editor section on medical informatics department of medicine school of medicine medical school office building stanford university 94305-5479 usa e-mail : koza @ genetic-programming . org phone : 650-941 - 0336 fax : 650-941 - 9430 scott delman senior publishing editor kluwer academic publishers 101 philip drive assinippi park norwell , ma 02146 phone : 781-871 - 6311 ext . 299 fax : 781-871 - 7507 email : sdelman @ wkap . com
  """",0
  1888,""""Subject: phonology / phonetics workshop
   
   as part of the conference lp ' 98 ( linguistics & phonetics ' 98 ) at ohio state university september 15-20 , a workshop is being funded by the national science foundation september 19-20 , on syllable structure and gesture timing , covering issues related to phonetic and phonological accounts of segmentation and timing and ordering of gestures in speech , especially how sequences of consonants are represented . interested participants are invited to attend this workshop . presentations at the workshop will include the following . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - g . n . clements : affricates as internally unsequenced stops louis goldstein : ( tba ) john harris : the right edge of words and the left edge of syllables john ohala : doing without the syllable donca steriade : alternatives to the syllabic interpretation of segmental phonotactics ioana chitoran : some evidence for feature specification constraints on georgian consonant sequencing young - mee yu cho & tracy king : semi - syllables and universal syllabification alexei kochetov : neutralization of palatality : syllable structure or phonetic cues ? miguel vazquez - larruscain : the structure of the stricture features : on the limits of icelandic preaspiration yen - hwei lin : on minor syllables amanda miller - ockhuizen : c - v coarticulation and complex consonants frida morelli : are s + stop clusters really special ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - further information on the workshop , including information on lodging and location , can be found at the workshop website : http : / / www . ling . ohio-state . edu / events / phon _ workshop . html information on other sessions of lp ' 98 can be found at : http : / / www . cog . ohio-state . edu
  """",0
  1889,""""Subject: generative approaches to sla iv
   
   generative approaches to second language acquisition ( gasla ' 98 ) september 25-27 , 1998 university of pittsburgh / carnegie mellon university preliminary program the conference and entertainment events will take place in 2m56 / 2p56 forbes quad located between bouquet st . and bigelow blvd . the department of linguistics is on the 28th floor of the cathedral of learning , located between 5th avenue and forbes avenue . the phone number is 624-5900 and the administrators are carolyn , anna - mae , and rebecca . they will be available on friday from 8 . 30 until 5 : 00 for if you have any questions regarding the location of the conference . preliminary program friday , september 25 8 : 30-10 : 00 : registration ( ongoing ) 10 : 00 : opening remarks 10 : 30-12 : 00 : session 1 . 10 : 30 : ' the use and abuse of linguistic theory in l2 acquisition research ' bonnie d . schwartz , university of durham rex a . sprouse , indiana university 11 : 00 : ' transitivity alternations in l2 acquisition : toward a modular view of transfer ' silvina a . montrul , suny - albany 11 : 30 : ' syntactic structure and information structure in the acquisition of the english dative alternation by native speakers of japanese ' robert bley - vroman and kazuko katsufuji , university of hawaii 12 : 00 - 1 : 30 lunch break 1 : 30 - 3 : 00 : session 2 . 1 : 30 : ' surface unaccusativity in l2 japanese speakers ' makiko hirakawa , tokyo international university 2 : 00 : ' the role of the lexicon in the second language acquisition of spanish word order ' tammy jandrey hertel and ana teresa perez - leroux , the pennsylvania state university 2 : 30 : ' the l2 acquisition of telicity in english by spanish and slavic native speakers ' roumyana slabakova , university of iowa 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 : coffee break 3 : 30 - 5 : 00 : session 3 . 3 : 30 : ' the acquisition of possession in l2 dutch ' ineke van de craats , norbert corver and roeland van hout , tilburg university 4 : 00 : ' """""""" washing the faces """""""" : acquisition of possessor raising in l2 spanish ' beatriz centeno - cortes , gillian lord , erin o'rourke and ana teresa perez - leroux , the pennsylvania state university 4 : 30 : ' the """""""" compounding parameter """""""" in l2 acquisition : the subset principle revisited ' juana m . liceras , elena valenzuela , university of ottawa 5 : 15 : plenary : peter gordon : to be announced . 6 : 30 : wine and cheese saturday , september 26 9 : 30-10 : 30 : session 1 . 9 : 30 : ' variability in l2 english grammatical morphemes : the question of functional categories in a peformance versus knowledge paradigm ' g . martohardjono , k . kessler , i . finger and p . argodale , city university of new york 10 : 00 : ' using constituent coordination to explore functional projections ' helmut zobl , carleton university 10 : 30-11 : 00 coffee break 11 : 00-12 : 30 : session 2 . 11 : 00 : ' functional categories in child l2 acquisition of english : the acquisition of the ip system ' belma haznedar , bogazici university 11 : 30 : ' accounting for variability in sla : more evidence for the missing inflection hypothesis ' philippe prevost , universite laval lydia white , mcgill university 12 : 00 : ' the acquisition of tense and aspect in l2 english ' joanne sher grumet , city university of new york 12 : 30 - 2 : 00 lunch break 2 : 00 - 3 : 30 : session 3 . chair : 2 : 00 : ' on optionality and grammaticality in l2 knowledge ' donna lardiere , georgetown university 2 : 30 : ' second language acquisition ( sla ) as a promoting factor in language change ' doris stolberg , universitat tubingen 3 : 00 : ' adult second language acquisition and language change : on the mirror-world of chaos and order in language development ' carolina plaza - pust , j . - w . - goethe universitat 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 : coffee break 4 : 00 - 5 : 30 : session 4 . chair : 4 : 00 : ' principles of l2 pronunciation : the question of learnability ' fred eckman and gregory iverson , university of wisconsin - milwaukee 4 : 30 : ' the acquisition of english { theta } and { h } vs . { engma } by canadian francophones ' darlene lacharite and philippe prevost , universite laval 5 : 00 : ' the markedness differential hypothesis and vietnamese learners with english consonants ' hoa pham , university of toronto 5 : 45 : plenary : usha lakshmanan , southern illinois univ . ' clause structure in child second language grammars ' sunday , september 27 9 : 30-11 : 00 : session 1 . 9 : 30 : ' an unexpected wh-phrase extraction pattern in the advanced l2 english of malay speakers ' bee eng wong and roger hawkins , university of essex 10 : 00 : ' optimal questions in l2 acquisition ' rakesh m . bhatt , university of south carolina 10 : 30 : ' when and why-questions in sla ' hyeson park , university of arizona 11 : 00-11 : 30 : coffee break 11 : 30 - 1 : 30 : session 2 . 11 : 30 : ' the interpretation of """""""" combien . . . de """""""" extractions : the primacy of syntax in second language acquisition laurent dekydtspotter , rex a . sprouse and kimberly a . swanson , indiana university 12 : 00 : ' uniformity or difference : the german root and subordinate clause in adult sla ' susanne nimmrichter , franklin & marshall college 12 : 30 : ' the impersonal constructions in spanish and near-native competence : evidence against the fundamental difference hypothesis ' joyce l . s . bruhn de garavito , mcgill university 1 : 00 : plenary : ' ug in sla : the state of the question ' lydia white , mcgill university 2 . 00 business meeting announcements concerning the gasla 2000 conference at mit . alternate papers : sharon armon - lotem , univ . of maryland : preconjunctionals in child sla gasla iv september 25-27 th 1998 hosted by the university of pittsburgh and carnegie mellon university http : / / verb . linguist . pitt . edu / ~ gasla /
  """",0
  1890,""""Subject: vmc 13 + wsh prosody and meaning
   
   the vilem mathesius centre for research and education in semiotics and linguistics presents the vilem mathesius lecture series 13 & vmc / elsnet / mate workshop """""""" prosody and meaning """""""" november 9 - - 20 , 1998 prague , czech republic call for participation schedule & program program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the thirteenth cycle of the vilem mathesius lecture series , organized by the vilem mathesius centre for research and education in semiotics and linguistics ( charles university ) , will be held in prague , czech republic , from november 9 until 20 , 1998 . the scientific program will consist of the following invited courses ( for preliminary time-schedule see below ) : * emmon bach ( canada ) : """""""" problems of universal and parochial grammar """""""" * joan bresnan ( usa ) : """""""" optimal syntax """""""" * nicoletta calzolari ( italy ) : """""""" corpus based lexicon building """""""" * bernard comrie ( germany ) : """""""" ( 1 ) advances in our understanding of relative clauses . ( 2 ) form and function in reference-tracking systems . ( 3 ) agreement in tsez ( ne caucasian ) : a typological assessment . """""""" * edward l . keenan ( usa ) : """""""" language invariants \ & the role of morphology in grammar """""""" * christian lehmann ( germany ) : """""""" typology of possession """""""" * hans - heinrich lieb ( germany ) : """""""" words and word paradigms """""""" * mitch marcus ( usa ) : < tba > * karen sparck - jones ( england ) : """""""" information retrieval and language processing """""""" * hans uszkoreit ( germany ) : """""""" modelling of linguistic performance """""""" * bonnie webber ( usa ) : """""""" ( 1 ) approaching discourse through lexicalized grammar . ( 2 ) natural language generation in health care . """""""" among the czech lecturers invited to vmc 13 are frantisek cermak , miroslav cervenka , jan firbas , jan hajic , eva hajicova , jarmila panevova , jaroslav peregrin , and petr sgall . vmc / elsnet / mate workshop on """""""" prosody and meaning """""""" in connection with vmc 13 , there will be a special workshop prosody and meaning ( organized in cooperation with elsnet and mate consortium ) on friday november 13th and saturday november 14 , for which several prominent researchers in the domain of speech and language / speech have promised to participate . there is no special fee to be paid by the participants of vmc lecture series 13 for the participation at the workshop . there is a nominal fee of usd 60 for people wishing to participate in the workshop only . the fee covers accommodation ( incl . breakfast ) for three nights ( in double rooms , shared occupancy , in the same hotel where the workshop takes place ) and lunches for the 2 working days . schedule - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tentative time-schedule ( may be subject to change ) : week 1 ( monday 9 . 11 - firday 13 . 11 ) 9 . 30 - 11 . 00 11 . 30 - 13 . 00 14 . 30 - 16 . 00 16 . 30 - 18 . 00 9 . 11 . bresnan keenan bach calzolari 10 . 11 . bresnan keenan bach 11 . 11 . bresnan keenan calzolari 12 . 11 . x x bach calzolari vmc / elsnet / mate workshop """""""" prosody and meaning """""""" - friday november 13 and saturday november 14 . week 2 ( monday 16 . 11 - friday 20 . 11 ) 16 . 11 . marcus uszkoreit comrie sparck - jones 17 . 11 . marcus uszkoreit comrie sparck - jones 18 . 11 . webber uszkoreit lehmann sparck - jones 19 . 11 . webber marcus lehmann comrie 20 . 11 . webber lehmann lieb lieb participation ( deadline : september 15 , 1998 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the participation fee for vmc 13 is usd 350 , which includes tuition fee , accommodation , and lunches . in order to ensure accommodation , ( paying ) participants should register before * september 15 , 1998 * . the participation fee for the vmc / elsnet / mate workshop is usd 60 , for those not registered for the lecture series . the fee covers accommodation ( incl . breakfast ) for three nights ( in double rooms , shared occupancy , in the same hotel where the workshop takes place ) and lunches for the 2 working days . there is financial support available for students from germany , via the goethe institut and the deutsche forschungsgemeinschaft ( dfg ) : studenten sollen sich an die r . bosch - stiftung wenden , promovierte an die dfg ( s . unten ) , anfhrend , da sie eine internationale begegnung von studenten aus etwa 15 lndern west - , mittel - und osteuropas mit guter tradition besuchen wollen , die an eine tagung des vilem - mathesius - zentrums der karlsuniversitt anknpft , und da sie diese adresse von dr . michael de la fontaine , goethe - institut prag , bekommen haben . ihre reise , aufenthalt von zwei wochen im hotel krystal und ein per-diem , das neben anderem das mittags - und abendessen versichern kann , soll ihnen bezahlt werden . robert bosch - stiftung c / o dr . peter theiner leiter des programms fr internationale verstndigung heidehofstr . 31 70184 stuttgart deutsche forschungsgemeinschaft organisationsplan der geschftsstelle kennedyallee 40 53170 bonn please contact mrs . brdickova or prof . hajicova at the following address for registration or further information . mrs . libuse brdickova institute of formal and applied linguistics ufal mff uk malostranske nam . 25 cz-11800 praha 1 czech republic { hajicova , brdickov } @ ufal . mff . cuni . cz ( phone ) + + 420 - 2-2191 - 4278 ( fax ) + + 420 - 2-2191 - 4309 check our website at http : / / kwetal . ms . mff . cuni . cz / ~ gj / vmc /
  """",0
  1891,""""Subject: toc : bgs 8 . 1 ( 1998 )
   
   contents of beitraege zur geschichte der sprachwissenschaft ( bgs ) 8 . 1 / 1998 , ed . by klaus d . dutz & peter schmitter articles : j . l . subbiondo : 17th - century universal grammar and contemporary linguistics . john wilkins and noam chomsky ; l . jooken & p . swiggers : lord monboddo 's views on the corruption and preservation of language . with the edition of an unpublished manuscript ( 1766 ) ; h . sauer : ' principia grammaticae illyricae ' . zwei bairische englischgrammatiken aus dem spaeten 18 . jahrhundert ; k . - a . forsgren : on """""""" valency grammar """""""" in 19th - century german grammar . discussion : j . - p . saint - gerand : aporie ou prototype ? certes ! exemple de detail chez antoine meillet ; s . heinz : die keltologie an der humboldt - vormals friedrich - wilhelms - universitaet . eine ideengeschichte und ihre umsetzung . reports on meetings : e . nowak : x . internationales kolloquium des sgds ( 18 . - 21 . 6 . 1997 , potsdam , deutschland ) . sprachdiskussion und beschreibung von sprachen im 17 . und 18 . jahrhundert ; r . hofman : manuscripts and tradition of grammatical texts from antiquity to the renaissance . 11th course of the international school for the study of written records ( 16 . - 23 . 10 . 1997 , erice , italy ) ; e . poppe : irland und europa im fruehen mittelalter . texte und ueberlieferung . 5 . internationales kolloquium der universitaet konstanz ( 16 . - 20 . 3 . 1998 , konstanz , deutschland ) . reports on projects : j . hafner & b . schlieben - lange : diskursformationen - die ' grammaire generale ' an den ecoles centrales ( 1795 - 1803 ) . obituary / reviews / short reviews the annual subscription rate for bgs ( issn 0939-2815 ) is dem 135 . 00 ( incl . postage and handling ) for libraries and institutions . for subscription contact your local bookseller or directly write to : nodus publikationen , p . o . box 5725 , d-48031 muenster , germany . manuscripts ( 2 copies ) should be directed to either of the following editors : klaus d . dutz , p . o . box 5725 , d-48031 muenster , germany ( e-mail : dutz . nodus @ t-online . de ) ; peter schmitter , department of german education , hankuk university of foreign studies , imun - dong 270 , dongdaemun - gu , seoul , 130-791 korea ( e-mail : schmitpe @ maincc . hufs . ac . kr ) . prof . dr . peter schmitter department of german education hankuk university of foreign studies , seoul e-mail : schmitpe @ maincc . hufs . ac . kr
  """",0
  1892,""""Subject: toc : ijglsa 3 . 1
   
   volume 3 , number 1 ( spring 1998 ) interdisciplinary journal for germanic lingusitics and semiotic analysis contents : farronato , christina : holbein 's """""""" dead christ """""""" and the horror of the broken narrative liberman , anatoly : toward a theory of west germanic breakings nth , winfried : symmetry in signs and semiotic systems page , richard : a gestural approach to lexical diffusion and neogrammarian sound change in common scandinavian penzl , herbert and thomas f . shannon : shakespeare 's stage pronunciation : part of """""""" proto - american english """""""" ? sanjins , jos : baroque - shores of eco 's """""""" the island of the day before """""""" reviews - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - subscription ( 2 issues per year ) : students $ 15 ; individuals $ 20 ; institutions $ 30 subscribe to : irauch @ socrates . berkeley . edu back issues available at $ 10 per issue or full year at subscription cost
  """",0
  1893,""""Subject: translation
   
   john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new title in the field of translation : a practical guide to software localization bert esselink 1998 . 280 pp . languages in world directories , 3 us / canada : pb : 1 55619 743 8 price : usd 24 . 95 cloth : 1 55619 742 x price : usd 63 . 00 rest of the world : pb : 90 272 1954 0 nlg 50 . 00 cloth : 90 272 1953 2 nlg 126 . 00 with chapters on translating software , translating on-line help and documentation translation memory tools , project management and terminology management , a practical guide to software localization covers many of the areas localizers must work in . much attention is paid to the daily tasks and responsibilities of project managers , localization engineers and most importantly - translators all facing the localization . the examples in the reference a typical localization project translating from english into french , italian , german and spanish but the material is applicable to most language instances . the platforms discussed are microsoft windows and apples macos . the book does not cover such topics as internationalization , double-byte localization , multimedia localization and other operating systems such os / 2 and unix . still the book will fill a felt need for many . website support will provide regular updates . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
  """",0
  1894,""""Subject: computationally - intensive methods in quantitative ling
   
   second workshop in computationally-intensive methods in quantitative linguistics department of statistics university of glasgow , uk 7 - 9 september 1998 final call for registration in recent years techniques from disciplines such as computer science , articficial intelligence and statistics have found their way into the pages of journals such as the journal of quantitative linguistics , literary and linguistic computing and computers and the humanities . while this influx may bring more advanced methods of analysis to the fields of quantitative linguistics , stylometry and stylistics , the demands upon researchers to understand and use these new techniques are great . familiarity with the appropriate software and the ear of a sympathetic expert are pre-requisites without which the technique may seem out of reach to the average researcher . the humanities advanced technology and information institute and the department of statistics of the university of glasgow are hence supporting this practical workshop in computationally - intensive methods in quantitative linguistics . the workshop is designed to introduce the participants to four such techniques in a practical environment . each half-day session will be divided into an introductory session in a lecture theatre and a longer period spent working with software and practical examples . all of the speakers have published papers using the analyses they will present and their aim in this workshop is to enable the participants to return to their home institutions able to carry out these techniques in the course of their own research . the sessions and speakers are as follows : harald baayen ; max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen , the netherlands . large number of rare event models walter daelemans ; university of tilburg , the netherlands . linguistics as data mining : using machine learning techniques to discover linguistic generalizations michael oakes ; university of lancaster , unted kingdom . multivariate statistics in corpus linguistics fiona tweedie ; university of glasgow , united kingdom . time series models in linguistics the workshop will be held in the mathematics building of the university of glasgow , commencing on monday 7 september at 1pm . the four workshop sessions will take place on monday afternoon , tuesday 8 september and the morning of wednesday 9 september . there will also be a half day tour on the wednesday afternoon and a reception in the hunterian art gallery on monday evening . accommodation has been arranged in university accommodation with some en suite facilities . the reception , tea and coffee , lunches on 8 and 9 september and evening meals on 7 and 8 september are included in the registration fee . the registration fee is gbp200 . 00 and gbp150 . 00 for students . participants who are also attending the digital resources in the humanities conference , 9-12 september are eligible for a discount in the registration fees . for more information about the workshop and to register , please consult the web site at http : / / www . stats . gla . ac . uk / ~ cimql , or contact the conference and vacation office ( tel : + 44 141 330 5385 , fax : + 44 141 334 5465 ) .
  """",0
  1895,""""Subject: bgs 7 . 2 ( 1997 )
   
   contents of beitraege zur geschichte der sprachwissenschaft ( bgs ) 7 . 2 / 1997 , ed . by klaus d . dutz & peter schmitter articles : peter jaritz : die wundt - delbrueck - debatte ; klaas - hinrich ehlers : """""""" dass ich an der foerderung aller phonologischen probleme lebhaften anteil nehme """""""" . leo weisgerbers ' unwahrscheinliche ' beziehung zur prager schule der linguistik ; jutta steinmetz : vollkommenheit und ordnung bei johann peter suessmilch ; xiaoping yao : sixty years historiography of linguistics in china . discussion : pius ten hacken : progress and incommensurability in linguistics . reviews / short reviews / new publications the annual subscription rate for bgs ( issn 0939-2815 ) is dem 135 , 00 ( incl . postage and handling ) for libraries and institutions . for subscription contact your local bookseller or directly write to : nodus publikationen , p . o . box 5725 , d-48031 muenster , germany . manuscripts ( 2 copies ) should be directed to either of the following editors : klaus d . dutz , p . o . box 5725 , d-48031 germany : peter schmitter , department of german education , hankuk university of foreign studies , imun - dong 270 , dongdaemun - gu , seoul , 130-791 korea ( e-mail : schmitpe @ maincc . hufs . ac . kr ) .
  """",0
  1896,""""Subject: journal of cognitive systems research
   
   call for papers : new electronic journal of cognitive systems research call for papers journal of cognitive systems research editors - in - chief ron sun e - mail : rsun @ cs . ua . edu department of computer science and department of psychology university of alabama tuscaloosa al , usa vasant honavar e - mail : honavar @ cs . iastate . edu department of computer science iowa state university usa gregg oden e - mail : gregg-oden @ uiowa . edu department of psychology university of iowa usa the journal of cognitive systems research covers all topics in the study of cognitive processes , in both natural and artificial systems : knowledge representation and reasoning learning perception action memory problem - solving and cognitive skills language and communication agents integrative studies of cognitive systems the journal emphasizes the integration / synthesis of ideas , concepts , constructs , theories , and techniques from multiple paradigms , perspectives , and disciplines , in the analysis , understanding and design of cognitive and intelligent systems . contributions describing results obtained within the traditional disciplines are also sought if such work has broader implications and relevance . the journal seeks to foster and promote the discussion of novel approaches in studying cognitive and intelligent systems . it also encourages cross-fertilization of disciplines , by publishing high-quality contributions in all of the areas of study , including artificial intelligence , linguistics , psychology , psychiatry , philosophy , system and control theory , anthropology , sociology , biological sciences , and neuroscience . the scope of the journal includes the study of a variety of different cognitive systems , at different levels , ranging from social / cultural cognition , to individual cognitive agents , to components of such systems . of particular interest are theoretical , experimental , and integrative studies and computational modeling of cognitive systems , at different levels of detail , and from different perspectives . please send submissions in postscript format by electronic mail to one of the three co - editors - in - chief . note the journal transends traditional disciplinary boundaries , and considers contributions from all relevant disciplines and approaches . the key is the quality of the work and the accessibility and relevance to readers in different disciplines . the first issue of this new on-line journal , published by elsevierscience , will appear in early 1999 . in addition to this electronic journal , the issues will also be printed and bound as archival volume . published papers will be considered automatically for inclusion in specially edited books on cognitive systems research . for further information , see : http : / / cs . ua . edu / ~ rsun / journal . html - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - action editors : john barnden , school of computer science , university of birmingham , u . k . \ \ william bechtel , department of philosophy , washington university , st . louis , usa . \ \ rik belew , computer science and engineering department , university of california , san diego , usa . \ \ mark h . bickhard , department of psychology , lehigh university , usa . \ \ deric bownds , dept . of zoology , university of wisconsin , madison , usa . \ \ david chalmers , department of philosophy , university of california , santa cruz , usa . \ \ b . chandrasekaran , department of computer and information science , ohio state university , usa . \ \ marco dorigo , university of brussels , brussels , belgium \ \ michael dyer , computer science department , university of california , los angeles , usa . \ \ lee giles , nec research institute , princeton , new jersey , usa . \ \ george graham , philosophy department , university of alabama at birmingham , birmingham , al , usa . \ \ stephen j . hanson , psychology dept . , rutgers university , newark , new jersey , usa . \ \ valerie gray hardcastle , dept . of philosophy , virginia polytechnic and state university , blacksburg , virginia , usa . \ \ james hendler , department of computer science , university of maryland , college park , usa . \ \ stephen m . kosslyn , department of psychology , harvard university , usa . \ \ george lakoff , dept . of linguistics , university of california , berkeley , usa . \ \ joseph ledoux , center for neuroscience , new york university , new york , usa . \ \ daniel levine , department of psychology , university of texas at arlington , usa . \ \ vladimir j . lumelsky , robotics laboratory , department of mechanical engineering , university of wisconsin , madison , usa . \ \ james pustejovsky , brandeis university , massachusetts , usa . \ \ lynne m . reder , department of psychology , carnegie mellon university , pittsburgh , pa 15213 , usa . \ \ jude shavlik , computer sciences department , university of wisconsin , madison , usa . \ \ tim shallice , department of psychology , university college , london , uk \ \ aaron sloman , school of computer science , the university of birmingham , uk . \ \ paul thagard , philosophy department , university of waterloo , canada . \ \ leonard uhr , computer sciences department , university of wisconsin , madison , usa . \ \ david waltz , nec research institute , princeton , nj , usa . \ \ xin yao , dept . of computer science , australian defense force academy , canberra , australia . \ \
  """",0
  1897,""""Subject: sinn und bedeutung 1998 - 3rd call
   
   3rd call for papers sinn und bedeutung 1998 3rd annual meeting of the gesellschaft fuer semantik ( ' association for semantics ' ) the third annual meeting of the gesellschaft fr semantik ( ' association for semantics ' ) will be held at the university of leipzig , between december 11 - 13 , 1998 . the main purpose of the conference , sinn und bedeutung 1998 , is to provide a forum for presenting work in progress and receiving feedback from other members of the semantics community . papers describing research contributions on any aspect of semantics are welcome for discussion . conference languages will be german and english . continuously updated information on sinn und bedeutung 1998 ( including accommodation , conference program , location etc . ) can be found at the website : http : / / www . uni-leipzig . de / ~ asw / sinn98 / index _ eg . htm invited speakers : peter gaerdenfors ( lund university , cognitive science kungshuset , lund ) : concept combination - a geometrical model manfred krifka ( university of texas , department of linguistics , austin ) : for a structured account of questions and answers alice ter meulen ( university of groningen , center for language and cognition , groningen ) : three degrees of dynamic involvement : the case of temporal reasoning submission of abstracts : all researchers in the area , but especially ph . d . students and young researchers , are invited to submit an abstract for a 30 - minute contributed talk ( plus 15 minutes for discussion ) on any topic in semantic theory . abstracts ( in english or german ) should be no more than 1500 words ( excluding references ) , but not less than 1000 words long . * deadline for submission of abstracts : september 15 , 1998 * authors should send 3 anonymous copies , plus 1 additional copy including the author 's name , affiliation and e-mail address . please use the following address : """""""" sinn und bedeutung 1998 """""""" universitt leipzig institut fr sprach - und bersetzungswissenschaft abteilung allgemeine sprachwissenschaft augustusplatz 9 d-04109 leipzig germany submissions by e-mail will be also accepted but only as plain text ( no attachments ! ) . fax submissions will not be accepted . all contributions will be reviewed by at least three members of the program committee . criteria for selection will include clarity , originality , and significance of results . program committee : josef bayer ( university of jena ) johannes doelling ( university of leipzig ) gerhard heyer ( university of leipzig ) ewald lang ( humboldt university berlin ) ingolf max ( university of leipzig ) susan olsen ( university of leipzig ) peter staudacher ( university of potsdam ) anita steube ( university of leipzig ) heinrich wansing ( university of leipzig ) the conference program and short versions of the abstracts ( to be submitted by the accepted speakers , see below ) will be made available at this website by november 20 , 1998 . dates to note : deadline for abstracts : september 15 , 1998 notification of acceptance : november 1 , 1998 deadline for short versions of the abstracts : november 10 , 1998 conference program : november 20 , 1998 conference : december 11 - 13 , 1998 contact : """""""" sinn und bedeutung 1998 """""""" universitaet leipzig institut fr sprach - und uebersetzungswissenschaft abteilung allgemeine sprachwissenschaft augustusplatz 9 d-04109 leipzig germany fax : + 49-341 - 97-37649 phone : + 49-341 - 97-37342 ( james witt ) + 49-341 - 97-37343 ( holden haertl ) + 49-341 - 97-37864 ( andreas spaeth ) e - mail : sinn98 @ rz . uni-leipzig . de in order to have an idea of the number of participants we can expect , we would like to ask you for early registration by e-mail with the form below . the organizers : anita steube , susan olsen , johannes doelling , holden haertl , andreas spaeth , james witt = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = registration form first name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ last name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ code _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",0
  1898,""""Subject: conference on the mental lexicon
   
   conference announcement first international conference on the mental lexicon edmonton , canada , september 3 - 5 , 1998 the conference will be held in the campus of the university of alberta . the program of the conference ( including all platform and poster sessions ) and other information are available at the conference website : http : / / www . ualberta . ca / ~ linguis / lexiconf . html _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ roberto g . de almeida roberto @ gpu . srv . ualberta . ca department of linguistics university of alberta phones ( 403 ) 492-0805 ( office ) edmonton , alberta ( 403 ) 492-5952 ( lab ) canada t6g 2e7 fax ( 403 ) 492-0806 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",0
  1899,""""Subject: literature , philology , and computers
   
   apologies for cross-posting - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - literature , philology and computers an international seminar university of edinburgh school of european languages and cultures ( italian ) 7 - 9 september 1998 < http : / / www . ed . ac . uk / ~ esit04 / seminar . htm > the seminar is running back-to - back with drh98 in glasgow ( http : / / drh98 . hatii . arts . gla . ac . uk / ) , and offers an excellent opportunity to flavour the best of the european school of humanities computing ( see programme below ) combined with a visit to scotland 's historic capital city . conference fees : 35 per person ( academic ) / 25 ( associated institutions ) / 15 ( post-graduate ) . this includes a buffet lunch on 8 september . venue : edinburgh university , adam ferguson building , george square . for further details please contact either domenico fiormonte at domenico . fiormonte @ ed . ac . uk . or dr anna middleton at anna . middleton @ ed . ac . uk ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ seminar programme ( provisional ) monday 7 september 1998 1pm - 2pm registration in room g . 10 , adam ferguson building , george square , edinburgh 2pm opening remarks by prof . sir stewart sutherland , principal of the university of edinburgh 2 . 15pm - 5pm session 1 - the new electronic textuality willard mccarty ( king 's college london , u . k . ) , """""""" what is humanities computing ? """""""" lou burnard ( university of oxford , u . k . ) , """""""" hermeneutical implications of text encoding """""""" . fabio ciotti ( university of rome , italy ) , """""""" text encoding as a theoretic language for literary text analysis . """""""" tuesday 8 september 9 . 30 am - 12 . 30 am session 2a - philology and computers antonio zampolli , ( university of pisa , cnr , italy ) , """""""" towards the consensual standard for natural language processing """""""" . francisco marcos - marin ( universidad autonoma , madrid , spain ) wher is electronic philology going ? present and future of a discipline . """""""" allen renear ( brown university , usa ) , """""""" text ontology and edition philology - - facing the hard questions . """""""" claire warwick ( university of oxford , u . k . ) , """""""" ' reports of my death have been greatly exaggerated . ' scholarly editing in the digital age """""""" . 2 . 00pm - 5 . 30pm session 2b - philology and computers david robey ( manchester university , u . k . ) , """""""" problems of computer-based stylistics : the structure of sounds in the divine comedy . """""""" mirko tavoni ( university of pisa , italy ) , """""""" the italian library online : the cibit project . """""""" massimo guerrieri ( university of rome , italy ) , """""""" towards a new edition of eugenio montale 's i mottetti : electronic variants and statistical analysis . """""""" francesca coraggio ( university of rome , italy ) , """""""" computer - based analysis of semantic patterns in antonio tabucchi 's notturno indiano . """""""" wednesday 9 september 9 . 30am - 12 . 30pm session 3 - hypertext and web projects giuseppe gigliozzi ( university of rome , italy ) """""""" researching and teaching italian literature in the digital era : the crilet project """""""" . federico pellizzi ( university of bologna , italy ) , """""""" hypertext as a critical discourse . """""""" elisabeth burr ( university of duisburg , germany ) , """""""" teaching romance linguistics with on - line french , italian and spanish corpora . """""""" lars erik holmquist and staffan bjork ( viktoria institute , sweden ) , """""""" showing overview and detail in digital variants : the focus + context browser . """""""" licia calvi , ( university of antwerp , belgium ) , """""""" the post - modern web : an experimental setting . """"""""
  """",0
  1900,""""Subject: mt summit ' 99 cfp
   
   = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = machine translation summit vii september 13-17 , 1999 , singapore call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the seventh machine translation summit , organized by the asia - pacific association for machine translation ( aamt ) , will be held at kent ridge digital labs on the campus of national university of singapore from 13 to 17 september 1999 . mt summit vii , which is the last conference of the 20th century in the premier series of conferences on machine translation , will provide a forum for discussing the prospect of mt and related areas in the coming century . mt summit vii will feature an expanded program including research papers , reports on users ' experiences , discussions of policy issues , invited talks , panels , exhibitions , tutorials , and workshops . aamt invites all who are interested in any aspect of machine translation - researchers , developers , providers , users , and watchers - to participate in the conference . conference schedule : 13 september 1999 tutorials 14-16 september 1999 papers , panels and exhibitions 17 september 1999 workshops papers mt summit vii seeks original papers in all aspects of machine translation . topics of interests include , but are not limited to : - methodologies for mt ( rule-based , knowledge-based , analogy-based , statistics-based , etc . ) - practical mt systems ( mt for professional translation , mt for the internet , mt for localization , etc . ) - translation aids ( translation memory , terminology databases , etc . ) - speech and dialogue translation - natural language analysis and generation techniques - dictionaries and lexicons for mt systems - text corpora for mt and knowledge extraction from corpora - human factors in mt and user interfaces - evaluation techniques - standards in text and lexicon encoding for mt - cross - lingual information retrieval - mt and related technologies ( information retrieval , text categorization , text summarization , information extraction , etc . ) there will be three categories of papers : ( 1 ) research papers : submissions are invited for reports of significant research results in any aspect of machine translation and related areas . such reports should include a substantial evaluative component . papers should be in english , not longer than 5 , 000 words . ( 2 ) system presentations with demos : submissions are invited for reports on the design , implementation , operation and evaluation of operational and prototype systems . reports should be in english , not longer than 2 , 000 words . ( 3 ) user studies : submissions are invited for reports on users ' experiences with applying mt to some task , evaluation of mt systems , analysis of mt markets , etc . reports should be in english , not longer than 5 , 000 words . all types of papers should be submitted to the address below and must be received by the indicated date . papers should include a cover page with the following information : - paper title , - author ( s ) ' name ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , address ( es ) , and e-mail address ( es ) , - 200 word abstract , - for research papers : up to 5 keywords , - for system presentations with demos : the word """""""" system presentation with demo """""""" , and the hardware , software and network requirement for the demonstration , - for user studies : the word """""""" user study """""""" . please mail 4 hardcopies of the paper to : mt summit vii asia - pacific association for machine translation ( aamt ) 3f , shiba - koen sanada bldg . 3 - 5-12 shiba - koen , minato - ku , tokyo 105-0011 , japan in addition , please submit an ascii version of the cover page electronically to : aamt0001 @ infotokyo . or . jp important dates : 15 april 1999 paper submission deadline 30 may 1999 notifications 15 july 1999 final camera-ready copy deadline - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for exhibits in addition to the scheduled system presentations with demos , vendor booths will showcase commercial products ongoing basis throughout the conference . exhibits will not be restricted to machine translation systems but include a variety of nlp applications . if you would like to exhibit , please contact the local organizing secretary ( e-mail : vicky @ krdl . org . sg ) by april 15 , 1999 . call for panel / special session / invited speaker proposals submissions are invited for panel sessions dealing with significant , controversial and timely issues in machine translation . proposals should include the description of the topic , and preferably the names and affiliations of panelists who could represent diverse positions or approach to the topic . proposals for special sessions and invited speakers are also welcome . these proposals should be sent to the program chair ( e-mail : mt-summit - 99 - sessions @ mlist . ccm . cl . nec . co . jp ) by november 30 , 1998 . call for tutorial proposals proposals are solicited for tutorials on both technological and practical issues in machine translation . submissions should be made to the local organizing chair ( e-mail : hweeboon @ krdl . org . sg ) by november 30 , 1998 . they should include ( 1 ) the length of the tutorial ( either a half day or full day ) ; ( 2 ) an outline of the tutorial ; ( 3 ) the intended audience ( introductory , intermediate , advanced ) ; ( 4 ) complete contact information for the contact person ; and ( 5 ) brief biographies of the presenters . call for workshop proposals proposals are solicited for one-day workshops which bring together a relatively small group of people involved in a specific problem area of machine translation , to advance the state of the art in that area . submissions should be made to the program vice chair ( e-mail : tonglc @ krdl . org . sg ) by november 30 , 1998 . they should include the theme and goal of the workshop , the planned activities , and a list of potential participants . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - about singapore singapore is a vibrant , sophisticated city state of 3 million people offering the best of modern facilities and comforts while retaining her heritage and culture . a progressive , cosmopolitan city , singapore has the world 's best airport - changi international airport - and lies at the crossroads of asia . known for her food and shopping , singapore is a thriving nucleus for tourism , trade and finance . the climate in singapore is tropical all year round with high humidity and temperatures varying between 23 degrees celsius ( 74 f ) in the evening to 32 degrees celsius ( 90 f ) during the day . showers are sporadic and heavy but also brief and refreshing . light summer clothing may be worn throughout the day . about the venue kent ridge digital labs ( krdl ) is a national applied research & development organization established in january 1998 through the merger of former national it institutes - the information technology institute ( iti ) and the institute of systems science ( iss ) . with a diverse team of more than 400 research scientists , krdl 's aim is to be the premier research and development organization in asia - pacific for information and networking technologies . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - conference organization general chair : hozumi tanaka , tokyo institute of technology , japan local organizing committee chair : hwee boon low , kent ridge digital labs , singapore secretary : victorine chen - toh , kent ridge digital labs , singapore program committee chair : jun - ichi tsujii , university of tokyo , japan and umist , uk vice chair : loong cheong tong , kent ridge digital labs , singapore members : virginia cha , star + globe technologies , singapore jason s . chang , national tsing hua university , taiwan zhaoxiong chen , kezhi co . , china key - sun choi , korean advanced institute of science and technology , korea robert dale , macquarie university , australia zhendong dong , chinese information processing society , china dominique estival , university of melbourne , australia changning huang , tsinghua university , china hitoshi iida , atr interpreting telecommunications research laboratories , japan etsuo ito , toshiba corporation , japan hiroyuki kaji , hitachi , ltd . , japan shin - ichiro kamei , nec corporation , japan asanee kawtrakul , kasetsart university , thailand kunio matsui , fujitsu laboratories ltd . , japan se young park , electronics and telecommunications research institute , korea wanchai rivepiboon , chulalongkorn university , thailand trihono sastrohartono , agency for the assessment and application of technology , indonesia youlwon seong , language and computer , ltd . , korea keh - yih su , behavior design corporation , taiwan chew lim tan , national university of singapore , singapore benjamin k . tsou , city university of hong kong , hong kong yusoff zaharin , universiti sains malaysia , malaysia international advisors : laurie gerber , systran software , inc . , usa eduard hovy , usc information sciences institute , usa john hutchins , university of east anglia , uk antonio sanfillipo , linglink , luxembourg - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - further information for more details , please call vicky at ( 65 ) 874 2003 or fax ( 65 ) 776 8109 . you may also visit the web - site : http : / / www . krdl . org . sg = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
  """",0
  1901,""""Subject: ecai-98 # 11 : final call for participation
   
   ecai-98 august 23-28 1998 brighton uk ( ` - ' ecai-98 : the 13th european conference on artificial intelligence final call for participation http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 ecai-98 takes place next week ! over 500 delegates will be participating in tutorials , workshops , the main conference and the social programmes . further on-site registrations are very welcome too . register on sunday between 15 . 00 and 18 . 00 to avoid the rush on monday morning . full details of the conference as well as useful information for registered delegates can be found on the website . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ecai-98 secretariat tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 678448 centre for advanced software applications fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 671320 university of sussex email : ecai98 @ cogs . susx . ac . uk brighton , bn1 9qh , uk http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 ecai-98 is organised by the european coordinating committee for artificial intelligence ( eccai ) and hosted by the universities of brighton and sussex on behalf of aisb . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  1902,""""Subject: perceiving and performing gender
   
   perceiving and performing gender : 4th symposion on gender research 12-14 november , kiel university , germany contact : susanne oelkers < oelkers @ zif . uni-kiel . de > preliminary program : thursday , nov . 12 , 1998 opening address at 6 : 30 p . m . by prof . dr . ruprecht haensel president of christian - albrechts - university at kiel gisela boehrk minister for education , science , research , and culture of schleswig - holstein prof . dr . gudula linck director of zif , cau kiel 7 : 00 - 8 : 00 p . m . : introductory remarks : wahrnehmung und herstellung von geschlecht dr . ursula pasero , zif , cau friday , nov . 13 , 1998 9 : 00 - 10 : 00 a . m . prof . dr . anthony mulac department of communication , university of california , santa barbara perceptions of women and men based on their linguistic behavior : the gender - linked language effect 10 : 00 - 11 : 00 a . m . prof . dr . donald g . mackay department of psychology , university of california , los angeles learning , comprehending , and thinking gender in english , german , and spanish coffee break 11 : 30 - 12 : 30 a . m . prof . dr . mahzarin r . banaji department of psychology , yale university implicit prejudice lunch break 2 : 30 - 6 : 00 p . m . concurrent panel sessions ( coffee breaks ) 6 : 00 - 7 : 00 p . m . prof . dr . jutta allmendinger institut fr soziologie , ludwig - maximilians - universitaet muenchen and prof . dr . j . richard hackman department of psychology , harvard university mitigating the stress of gender recomposition : a cross-institutional , cross-national analysis informal gathering for refreshments and getting acquainted saturday , nov . 14 , 1998 9 : 00 - 10 : 00 a . m . prof . dr . thomas w . laqueur department of history , university of california , berkeley the invention and gendering of onanism , 1711 - 1974 10 : 00 - 11 : 00 a . m . prof . dr . elisabeth bronfen englisches seminar , universitaet zuerich sprache der hysterie im zeichen der geschlechterdifferenz coffee break 11 : 30 - 12 : 30 a . m . prof . dr . allucqure rosanne stone advanced communication technologies laboratory , department of radio - tv - film , university of texas , austin title pending lunch break 2 : 30 - 3 : 30 p . m . poster presentation and discussion period coffee break 3 : 30 - 6 : 00 p . m . concurrent panel sessions 6 : 00 - 7 : 00 p . m . dr . ursula pasero : closing remarks the following papers were selected for presentation in panel sessions : session 1 : """""""" voice and language """""""" - sociobiological ideologies of gender difference in phonetic research norma mendoza - denton ( tuscon , arizona , usa ) / elizabeth a . strand ( columbus , ohio , usa ) - female and male vowel systems : does time play a role ? dr . adrian simpson ( kiel , germany ) - a comparison of gender differences in the production and perception of aspects of voice quality monique biemans ( nijmegen , netherlands ) - gender perception influences speech processing elizabeth a . strand ( columbus , ohio , usa ) - performing gender through voice pitch : a comparative study of monolingual and bilingual speakers of japanese and english yumiko ohara ( sapporo , japan ) - low pitch in the linguistic performance of california latina gang girls stefanie jannedy ( columbus , ohio , usa ) / norma mendoza - denton ( tuscon , arizona , usa ) - proverbs and gender discourse in morocco najia el alami ( ifrane , morocco ) - """""""" a german woman would n't understand """""""" : constructing more than just gender ingrid piller ( hamburg , germany ) session 2 : """""""" text , art , media """""""" - geschlecht im cyberspace yvonne bauer / ute je - desaever ( germany ) - erotic masculinities and the representation of sexual difference brian curtin ( united kingdom ) - male sex roles in french television advertisements : is masculinity redefined ? theodora ziamou ( paris , france ) - presenting , perceiving and performing gender in pre - raphaelite art patricia plummer ( mainz , germany ) - staging the self : women constructing identities in theatre sarah colvin ( edinburgh , united kingdom ) - perceiving and performing gender in the drama of caryl churchill annette pankratz ( passau , germany ) - real and hyperreal : a politics of the other annette comte ( burwood , victoria , australia ) - thus spoke the medusa : the demise of the masculine / feminine dichotomy in friedrich nietzsche and hlne cixous kelly s . meyer ( notre dame , indiana , usa ) - gebrtlichkeit und geschlecht nach hannah arendt und rahel levin varnhagen claudia jost ( hamburg , germany ) session 3 : """""""" history and remembrance """""""" - the end of masculinity : gender performance and the male body in early modern germany bettina mathes ( berlin , germany ) - rough masculinity : the mythologizing of the sailor in nineteenth century britain valerie burton ( st . john 's , newfoundland , canada ) - masculinization feminization : utopian and scientific experiments in the early 20th century heiko stoff ( hamburg , germany ) - motherliness and mastery : german women and constructions of gender and """""""" race """""""" in nazi - occupied poland 1940-44 elizabeth harvey ( liverpool , united kingdom ) - gedchtnis und geschlecht : franzsische widerstandsdenkmler als ausdruck von nationaler erinnerungskultur und ort der inszenierung von geschlechterverhltnissen mechthild gilzmer ( berlin , germany ) session 4 : """""""" occupation and family """""""" - should i stay or should i go ? wer verlt die wissenschaft als beruf janina von stebut / stefan fuchs ( mnchen , germany ) - women lawyers in germany perception and construction of feminity ulrike schulz ( hagen , germany ) - von lwen , menschen und organisationen sylvia m . wilz ( dortmund , germany ) - jenseits der grenzen von geschlecht ? lebensthemen und ihre bedeutung in partnerschaften barbara keddi / patricia pfeil ( mnchen , germany ) session 5 : """""""" nature and body """""""" - geschlecht zwischen natur und konstrukt . zur bedeutung des naturbegriffs fr eine kritische sozialwissenschaft christine hauskeller ( darmstadt , germany ) - interpretationen des geschlechterverhltnisses in der modernen verhaltenskologie inge schrder ( kiel , germany ) - perceiving gender : wahrnehmung der eigenen geschlechtsrollenidentifikation und krperlichen bzw . psychischen befindlichkeit kerrin christiansen ( hamburg , germany ) - sex testing , sport , and national identity : gender performance and america 's democratic bodies cheryl l . cole ( urbana , illinois , usa ) - sexuelle gewalt gegen frauen : die ermittlung von protektiven entwicklungsbedingungen bei mnnern und ihre implikationen fr prvention susanne kade ( bamberg , germany ) session 6 : """""""" construction of gender """""""" - process of professional education and socialization of woman academics : the construction of feminity in a biographical and generative point of view monika klinkhammer ( bonn , germany ) - soziale identitten contra geschlechtsidentitten anita fetzer ( stuttgart , germany ) / angelika glckner - rist / anina mischau ( mannheim , germany ) - konstruktionen von mnnlichkeit in der frauen - und mnnerforschung zwischen stereotypisierung und differenzierung und ihre bedeutung fr eine reflexive geschlechterforschung mathias rudlof ( berlin , germany ) - persnliche konstrukte zu frauen und mnnern in unterschiedlichen sozialen rollen christine altsttter - gleich ( landau , germany ) - """""""" wo ist denn der vater ? """""""" verque ( e ) re gedanken zum thema erziehung und geschlecht anja tervooren ( berlin , germany ) - konstruktion von krisenbewltigung aus geschlechtsspezifischer perspektive heike schemmel ( bamberg , germany ) contact : susanne oelkers < oelkers @ zif . uni-kiel . de >
  """",0
  1903,""""Subject: hong kong journal of applied linguistics
   
   the second issue of the second volume of the hong kong journal of applied linguistics is devoted to the topic of language rights . the guest editor is phil benson . the issue contains the following articles : language rights and the medium - of-instruction issue in hong kong by phil benson hong kong children 's rights to a culturally compatible english education by angel m . y . lin language rights and the hong kong courts by anne cheung > from dialect to grapholect : written cantonese from a folkloristic viewpoint by chin wan - kan two name formation systems in one country : cantonese people 's attachment to names in hong kong by fu kin - hung and shin kataoka geoff smith , co - editor , geoff smith english centre university of hong kong pokfulam road hong kong phone : ( 852 ) - 2964-5760 fax : ( 852 ) - 2547-3409
  """",0
  1904,""""Subject: ecdl98 - final call for participation
   
   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ final call for participation second european conference on research and advanced technology for digital libraries european european ics-forth university of union research crete consortium for informatics and mathematics - ieee computer society - lambrakis research foundation - ote - forthnet - general secretariat for research and technology , ministry for development , hellenic republic - hellenic ministry of culture - intracom - net computers & peripherals - general electric capital information technology solutions - cabernet - ergodata - air greece - swets & zeitlinger b . v . 19 - 23 september , 1998 knossos royal village , heraklion , crete , greece web page : http : / / www . csi . forth . gr / 2eurodl e - mail : ecdl @ cc . uch . gr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ we cordially invite you to join us at the second european conference on research and advanced technology for digital libraries , to be held at heraklion , crete , greece , september 19-23 . a wellcoming reception will take place on sunday , september 20 , 19 : 00 , at knossos royal village , by the pool . the conference opening session will take place at 9 . 00a . m . on monday the 21th of september 1998 and the final session will take place on wednesday afternoon , the 23rd of september 1998 . traditional cretan dinner with traditional cretan music will be organized on tuesday , september 22 , at a restaurant in the lasithi plateau , with a panoramic view of the area . the technical talks are complemented by internationally renowned experts ' invited presentations and special sessions , panel discussions , as well as poster and demonstration sessions . the 7th delos workshop on electronic commerce will be held jointly with the second european conference on research and advanced technology . tutorials will be organized on the 19th and 20th of september 1998 . detailed information concerning registration and accomodation , as well as an electronic version of the registration form , can be found at the conference web pages , http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / registration . html and http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / hotel . html most recent additions to the conference programme include another w3c sponsored tutorial on saturday , september 19 ( early registration fee will be charged for the new tutorial , """""""" using rdf to manage multilingual web sites """""""" , presented by janne saarela ) . for the most updated information regarding the conference programme please consult the conference web page , under the ' conference programme ' section , http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / programme . html for specific information please consult the appropriate sections of the conference web pages : paper sessions - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / accpapers . html panel sessions - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / panels . html posters - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / posters . html demos - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / demos . html tutorials - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / tutorials . html invited speakers - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / speakers . html special sessions - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / sessions . html 7th delos workshop on electronic commerce - http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / delos-7 . html
  """",0
  1905,""""Subject: convergence / divergence of dialects conf - final
   
   european science foundation the convergence and divergence of dialects in a changing europe university of reading , 17-19 september , 1998 final announcement and registration details the final conference of the european science foundation network on the convergence and divergence of dialects in a changing europe will take place at the university of reading , england , on 17-19 september , 1998 . it will include invited lectures by gaetano berruto ( turin ) , william labov ( pennsylvania ) and peter trudgill ( lausanne ) , as well as lectures by members of the network . papers for this event are welcome from everyone working in the area of dialect convergence and divergence in europe , both from a diachronic and a synchronic perspective , using qualitative or quantitative methodology . contributions on the smaller languages of europe are particularly welcome , as are papers on syntax , prosody and discourse . note that we take 'd ialect ' to refer to any non-standard language variety , and that we exclude from consideration relations between what are normally held to be different languages . closing date for receipt of abstracts : 16th march 1998 ( revised deadline ) decision on acceptance of abstracts : by 8th may themes : 1 . the role of standardisation in dialect convergence / divergence 2 . political boundaries and divergence / convergence 3 . the effect of migration on convergence / divergence 4 . historical perspectives on convergence / divergence ( earlier periods , long-term changes , etc . ) 5 . methods for the study of convergence / divergence 6 . dialect convergence / divergence and the light they shed on linguistic and sociolinguistic theory languages of conference : english and french format of papers : 45 minutes ( 30 minutes plus 15 minutes discussion ) , or posters abstracts : either four paper copies of a single-sheet abstract to be sent to paul kerswill at the address below , or an e-mail version to be sent to him on p . e . kerswill @ reading . ac . uk . state which theme your abstract comes under , and whether it is for a paper or a poster . at the top , give your name , institution ( university , etc . ) , address , e-mail address , fax and phone numbers . abstracts must be received by 16th march 1998 . registration : see the following website and click on ' registration form ' : http : / / www . linguistics . reading . ac . uk / research / seminars / dialect / - or e-mail paul kerswill . the site will also contain updates , as will the esf 's : http : / / www . esf . org / diala . htm # finalconference arrival details : reading is in the south of england , between london and oxford . london 's heathrow airport is under an hour away by airport bus . gatwick airport is easily reached by train ( one hour 15 minutes ) . dr paul kerswill ( esf ) department of linguistic science the university of reading whiteknights , po box 218 reading rg6 6aa , uk tel . + 44 118 987 5123 fax + 44 118 975 3365 e-mail p . e . kerswill @ reading . ac . uk peter auer ( hamburg ) , co-chair of network , e-mail auer @ rrz . uni-hamburg . de frans hinskens ( nijmegen ) , co-chair of network , e-mail f . hinskens @ let . kun . nl paul kerswill , local organiser 24 / 1 / 98
  """",0
  1906,""""Subject: calls : workshop on american indigenous languages ( wail )
   
   workshop on american indigenous languages santa barbara , ca may 9-10 , 1998 the linguistics department at the university or california , santa barbara issues a call for papers to be presented at its first annual workshop on american indigenous languages ( wail ) . the workshop will be a forum for the discussion of theoretical and descriptive linguistic studies of indigenous languages of the americas . the workshop will take place on saturday and sunday may 9-10 , 1998 on the campus of the university of california , santa barbara . our invited speakers will be nicola bessel , wallace chafe , and marianne mithun . dr . bessell has worked extensively on the phonetics / phonology interface in coeur d ' alene salish . dr . chafe 's current research involves documentation of the seneca and caddo languages . he is also writing a popular book on the importance of native american languages . dr . mithun has just completed a book on the languages of north america for the green series put out by cambridge university press . anonymous abstracts are invited for talks on any topic in linguistics . talks will be 20 minutes , followed by 10 minutes for discussion . individuals may submit abstracts for one single and one co-authored paper . abstracts should be one page with a 500 word limit . a separate page for data and references may be included , if necessary . abstracts may be submitted in hardcopy or by email . the deadline for receipt of abstracts is february 22 , 1998 . for hardcopy submittal , please send four copies of your anonymous one-page abstract . in the envelope , include a 3x5 card with the following information : a . name b . affiliation c . mailing address d . phone number e . e-mail address f . title of your paper hardcopy abstracts should be mailed to : workshop on american indigenous languages department of linguistics university of california , santa barbara santa barbara , ca 93106 email submissions are encouraged . to submit an abstract by email , the information that would be included on the 3x5 card should be in the body of the email message , with the anonymous abstract sent as an attachment . email abstracts should be sent to : wail @ humanitas . ucsb . edu deadline for receipt of abstracts : february 22 , 1998 notification of acceptance will be by email in mid - march . general information santa barbara is situated on the pacific ocean near the santa ynez mountains . the ucsb campus is located near the santa barbara airport , and is approximately 90 miles north of lax airport in los angeles . shuttle buses run from lax to santa barbara several times each day . information about hotel accomodations will be provided on request . crash space for participants may be available with graduate students in the ucsb linguistics department for those who arrange early . wail is co-sponsored by the ucsb linguistics department and the department 's native american indian languages ( nail ) study group , which has been meeting regularly in santa barbara since 1990 , providing a forum for the discussion of issues relating to native american language and culture . for further information contact the conference coordinator at wail @ humanitas . ucsb . edu or ( 805 ) 893-3776 .
  """",0
  1907,""""Subject: nels 29 program
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * n e l s 29 * * * * * * * * * * * * * annual meeting of the northeastern linguistic society * * * university of delaware , newark , de october 16-18 , 1998 < http : / / sun . ling . udel . edu / nels - 29 > nels - 29 @ udel . edu registration information preregistration fees * * * $ 20 ( us ) for students and $ 40 ( us ) for others before september 16 , 1998 . on - site registration fees * * * $ 25 ( us ) for students and $ 50 ( us ) for others for further information , including the registration form , please consult the nels 29 website or contact us at the e-mail address listed above . < http : / / sun . ling . udel . edu / nels - 29 > nels 29 preliminary schedule this schedule will be updated on the nels 29 web page as more information becomes available . you can also find information about accommodations and traveling to the university of delaware on the web page . friday , october 16th talks 1 : 00 - 1 : 30 mark baker & ot stewart """""""" verb movement , objects , and verb serialization """""""" 1 : 30 - 2 : 00 junko shimoyama """""""" complex nps and wh - quantification in japanese """""""" 2 : 00 - 2 : 30 paul elbourne """""""" does attract f carry along ff [ f ] """""""" 2 : 30 - 3 : 30 break 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 elisabeth villalta """""""" resolution of scope ambiguities in ' how many ' questions """""""" 4 : 00 - 4 : 30 nigel duffield & ayumi matsuo """""""" the acquisition of ellipsis and anaphora by first and second language learners """""""" 4 : 30 - 5 : 00 charlotte koster & kenneth drozd """""""" dutch children 's understanding of bound - variable constructions """""""" 5 : 00 - 5 : 30 break 5 : 30 - 6 : 00 felicia lee """""""" evidence for tense in a ' tenseless ' language """""""" 6 : 00 - 6 : 30 natalia kondrashova """""""" barenaked tenses and their morphological outfits """""""" saturday , october 17 , 1998 talks 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 johan rooryck & guido vanden wyngaerd """""""" puzzles of identity : binding at the interface """""""" 9 : 30-10 : 00 phil branigan & marguerite mackenzie """""""" binding relations and the nature of pro in innu - aimun """""""" 10 : 00-10 : 30 idan landau """""""" control and extraposition : the case of super - equi """""""" 10 : 30-11 : 00 break 11 : 00-11 : 30 ted fernald """""""" an anaphoric account of stage - level predicates """""""" 11 : 30-12 : 00 uli sauerland """""""" why variables ? """""""" 12 : 00-12 : 30 julie anne legate """""""" on the interpretation of indefinites """""""" 12 : 30 - 2 : 00 lunch parallel sessions 2 : 00 - 2 : 30 roumyana izvorski """""""" specificational pseudoclefts have equative syntax ( and this helps explain their crosslinguistic availability ) """""""" jongho jun """""""" generalized sympathy """""""" 2 : 30 - 3 : 00 masao ochi """""""" multiple spell - out and pf adjacency """""""" gunnar olafur hansson """""""" ' when in doubt . . . ' : intraparadigmatic dependencies and gaps in icelandic """""""" 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 artemis alexiadou """""""" an ergative pattern in a nominative - accusative language """""""" amanda miller - ockhuizen """""""" reduplication in ju / ' hoasi : tone determines weight """""""" 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 break 4 : 00 - 4 : 30 cristina schmitt & alan munn """""""" against the nominal mapping parameter : bare nouns in brazilian portuguese """""""" sung - a kim """""""" tone spread decomposed : phonological rule v . phonetic timing """""""" 4 : 30 - 5 : 00 christina tortora """""""" agreement , case , and i-subjects """""""" marie - helene cote """""""" syllable structure and domain-final strengthening : evidence from basque """""""" 5 : 00 - 5 : 30 xuan zhou """""""" mandarin negations as negative aspectual elements """""""" alexei kochetov """""""" constraints on distribution of palatalized stops : evidence for licensing by cue """""""" 5 : 30 - 8 : 00 dinner 8 : 00 party sunday , october 18 , 1998 9 : 30-10 : 00 steven bird """""""" word domains and double downstep in bamileke - dschang """""""" 10 : 00-10 : 30 paola monachesi """""""" syntactic and prosodic properties of italian restructuring verbs """""""" 10 : 30-11 : 00 hisao tokizaki """""""" prosodic phrasing and bare phrase structure """""""" 11 : 00-11 : 30 coffee break 11 : 30-12 : 00 takashi toyoshima """""""" move 1st : a dynamic economy plan """""""" 12 : 00-12 : 30 ida toivonen """""""" swedish place expressions """""""" 12 : 30 - 1 : 00 rajesh bhatt """""""" argument - adjunct asymmetries in rhetorical questions """""""" alternate papers : yoonjung kang """""""" ' universal ' markedness and markedness reversal """""""" ken vanbik & andreas kathol """""""" morphology - syntax interface in lai internally - headed relative clauses """""""" jong - bok kim """""""" constraints on the formation of korean and english resultatives """""""" poster presentations : there will be two poster sessions : friday , 2 : 30 - 5 : 30 saturday , 9 : 00-12 : 30 the schedule for which posters are in which session will be posted to the nels 29 web page when times are finalized . brian agbayani """""""" the locality and optionality of scrambling """""""" calixto aguero - batista """""""" identity effects in spanish diminutives """""""" mee - jin ahn """""""" vowel length - driven syllable weight """""""" artemis alexiadou & elena anagnostopoulou """""""" non - active morphology and the direction of transitivity alternations """""""" elena anagnostopoulou """""""" on clitics , feature movement and double object alternations """""""" ralph blight """""""" subjects positions and ellipsis in germanic """""""" cedric boeckx """""""" expletive split : existentials and presentationals """""""" patrick bye """""""" extending prosodic faithfulness : evidence from the mora """""""" gloria cocchi """""""" on symmetrical double object constructions : a case of multiple feature-checking """""""" kenneth drozd & erik van loosbroek """""""" dutch children 's comprehension of constructions with the focus particle ` alleen ' ( ` only ' ) """""""" tom ernst """""""" adjuncts , the universal base , and word order typology """""""" adamantios gafos & linda lombardi """""""" consonant transparency in vowel echo """""""" chung - hye han """""""" the contribution of force and mood in the semantics of imperatives """""""" hooi ling soh """""""" object scrambling in chinese : a comparison with scrambling in dutch and german """""""" david lebeaux """""""" where does the binding theory apply ? """""""" winfried lechner """""""" on comparative deletion """""""" ki - suk lee """""""" additional wh-effects on different constructions """""""" bruce moren """""""" syllable weight asymmetries in distinctive and coercive environments """""""" ileana paul """""""" malagasy wh-movement """""""" sasa vukic """""""" on case and the mlc """""""" phillippe schlenker """""""" skolem functions and the scope of indefinites """""""" sandra stjepanovic """""""" superiority and multiple sluicing in serbo - croatian """""""" stefano vegnduzzo """""""" sequence of aspects ( and lack thereof ) in naudm """""""" colin wilson """""""" bidirectional optimization and the binding theory """""""" jie zhang """""""" the / n / - / ng / asymmetry upon / r / - suffixation in beijing and elsewhere - - max or ident ? """"""""
  """",0
  1908,""""Subject: workshop on embodied conversational characters
   
   call for participation the first workshop on embodied conversational characters with support of aaai cooperation of acm / sigchi granlibakken resort & conference center at lake tahoe tahoe city ( north shore ) california , usa october 12-15 , 1998 recent advances in several core software technologies have made possible a new type of human-computer interface : the conversational character . conversational characters are autonomous , anthropomorphic , animated figures that have the ability to communicate through multiple modalities , including spoken language , facial expressions , and gestures . unlike textual natural language interfaces , conversational characters have the ability to perceive and produce the verbal and non-verbal signals that identify discourse structure and regulate the flow of information between interlocutors . such signals include intonational patterns , gestures , back-channel feedback signals , and turn-taking protocols . these capabilities enable them to engage in complex interactions with human users via natural speech rather than complex command languages , menus or graphical manipulations . research on conversational characters has emerged from a number of disciplines , including , among others , artificial intelligence , computational linguistics , computer animation , computer vision , psychology , cognitive science , virtual reality , cscw , and hci . this diversity is naturally reflected in the broad range of active research areas in conversational character interfaces . the primary goal of this workshop is to advance the state of conversational character research and development by identifying novel approaches to the topics and issues listed below , and integrating them into a framework for embodied , conversational human-computer interaction . a provisional program can be found at http : / / www . fxpal . com / wecc98 / . attendance attendance will be limited to 40 people . there will be space for a few attendees who did not submit papers . non - presenters wishing to attend the workshop should submit a one page description of their current research interests and their relation to the workshop themes . research descriptions should be emailed to prevost @ pal . xerox . com no later than september 14 , 1998 . the list of attendees will be finalized by september 18 . workshop organizers joseph w . sullivan , fx palo alto lab , usa ( sullivan @ pal . xerox . com ) justine cassell , mit media laboratory , usa ( justine @ media . mit . edu ) workshop program committee committee co - chairs : scott prevost , fx palo alto lab , usa ( prevost @ pal . xerox . com ) elizabeth churchill , fx palo alto lab , usa ( churchill @ pal . xerox . com ) committee members : elisabeth andr , dfki gmbh , germany ( elisabeth . andre @ dfki . de ) gene ball , microsoft research , usa ( geneb @ microsoft . com ) phil cohen , oregon graduate institute , usa ( pcohen @ cse . ogi . edu ) barbara hayes - roth , stanford univ . , usa ( hayes-roth @ cs . stanford . edu ) kenji mase , atr international , japan ( mase @ mic . atr . co . jp ) clifford nass , stanford university , usa ( nass @ leland . stanford . edu ) mark steedman , university of pennsylvania , usa ( steedman @ cis . upenn . edu ) kris thorisson , lego a / s , denmark ( kris @ digi . lego . com ) demos chair : timothy bickmore , isii inc . , usa ( bickmore @ pal . xerox . com ) additional information for more information , please consult the workshop web page : www . fxpal . com / wecc98 /
  """",0
  1909,""""Subject: ppsn - v call for participation
   
   call for participation fifth international conference on parallel problem solving from nature ppsn - v amsterdam , the netherlands 27-30 september 1998 http : / / www . wi . leidenuniv . nl / cs / alp / ppsn98 . html the scientific content of the ppsn conference focuses on the topic of problem solving paradigms gleaned from natural models , including ( but not limited to ) organic evolution , neural network based learning processes , immune systems , life and its properties in general , dna strands , chemical and physical processes . ppsn - v will be held between 27-30 september 1998 in the golden tulip barbizon palace hotel , in the very heart of amsterdam . on the first day of the conference , september 27th ( sunday ) , eight tutorials will be given by well-known experts in evolutionary computation and related fields . the technical sessions will be held on 28 , 29 and 30 september . each day starts with an oral presentation from an invited speaker addressing hot topics in the context of evolutionary computation . the technical sessions contain 100 contributions which were selected from 185 papers submitted to the conference organizers . ppsn - v adjoins the foundations of genetic algorithms 5 workshop on theoretical aspects of evolutionary computation ( foga 5 ) , held in leiden , the netherlands , 24-26 september 1998 . for registration information and the latest updates on the ppsn - v look at http : / / www . wi . leidenuniv . nl / cs / alp / ppsn98 . html
  """",0
  1910,""""Subject: creating sense : texts and realities
   
   """""""" creating sense : texts and realities """""""" organized by national university of singapore dept of english language and literature with cambridge university press and materials development association 7 - 9 september 1998 orchard hotel , singapore further details on registration and accommodation : http : / / nusinfo . nus . sg / nusinfo / fass / ell / createsense98 monday 7 september 9 . 00 opening and conference announcements ( orchard ballroom 1 ) 9 . 30 plenary session ( orchard ballroom 1 ) david nunan : principles for the design of speaking and listening materials . 10 . 30 coffee 11 . 00 parallel sessions , set 1 ( x3 ) until 11 . 40 : brian tomlinson : creating sense from the inner voice . ( rosewood ) nancy jordan renman : learning to write in english : rethinking written discourse pedagogy . ( lavender 1 ) martin montgomery : communicating nationalism : the discourse of a party election broadcast by the scottish national party . ( lavender 2 ) 11 . 45 parallel sessions , set 2 ( x3 ) until 12 . 25 nittaya campbell : making sense of legal english . ( rosewood ) ho chee lick : ' family ' in teenage magazine discourse . ( lavender 1 ) peter k . w . tan : my word or yours ? malay loan words across different englishes ( lavender 2 ) 12 . 30 - - 2 . 00 lunch 2 . 00 - 5 . 00 parallel 3 - hour workshops : jane arnold : materials development : a step towards autonomy ( ob 1 ) david nunan : using authentic data in materials design ( rosewood ) brian tomlinson : developing materials for creative reading ( 1 ) ( l 1 ) martin montgomery : working with media materials in the classroom : television advertising . ( lavender 2 ) 3 . 00 - 4 . 00 afternoon tea ( workshop breaks during this period ) 5 . 00 end of day 1 tuesday 8 september 8 . 50 announcements , followed by plenary session ( orchard ballroom 1 ) liz hamp - lyons : which englishes ? problems for writing assessment . 10 . 00 coffee 10 . 30 parallel sessions , set 3 ( x 4 ) until 11 . 10 robert ceperkovic : ' i got it from the internet ! ' critical awareness and the internet : are the two incongruous ? ( orchard ballroom 1 ) desmond allison , susheela varghese and wu siew mei : tasks , feedback , and writing development . ( rosewood ) edward chan : privileged accounts of reality : the only possible form of knowledge and narrative . ( juniper ) lisa lim and lee ee may : diphthongs in singapore english : articulating our realities . ( cypress ) 11 . 15 parallel sessions , set 4 ( x4 ) until 11 . 55 carl mills : going beyond language to create sense in scientific discourse . ( orchard ballroom 1 ) ramona tang and suganthi john : the i in identity : exploring writer identity in student academic writing through the first person pronoun . ( rosewood ) lim beng soon , samantha su , nina venkataraman and wee bee geok : citizenship examined : a linguistic analysis of newspaper articles of flight mi185 crash in december 1997 . ( juniper ) daniel kies : i see what you mean : the theoretical consequences of blurring distinctions between speech and writing . ( cypress ) 12 . 00 parallel sessions , set 5 ( x3 ) until 12 . 40 peter millward : making sense in dramatic contexts . ( orchard ballroom 1 ) asha tickoo : how to create a crisis : a study of esl narrative prose . ( r ) hitomi masuhara : the multi-dimensional representation model : a neural interpretation of the process of creating sense during thereading process . ( juniper ) linda thompson : children creating social contexts through discourse ( cypress ) 12 . 40 - - 13 . 40 lunch 1 . 45 - - 4 . 45 parallel 3 - hour workshops : jane arnold : affect and materials development . ( orchard ballroom 1 ) liz hamp - lyons : judging writing : products and processes . ( rosewood ) mario rinvolucri : developing exercises that respect the way the ' mind-brain ' makes sense of things ( 1 ) . ( juniper ) brian tomlinson developing materials for creative reading ( 2 ) . ( cypress ) ( 3 . 00 - 4 . 00 afternoon tea ) 5 . 10 - 6 . 10 distinguished visiting professor lecture ( orchard ballroom 1 ) george p . landow , brown university : how does one make sense in hypertext ? or , reading in e - space . 6 . 10 end of day 2 wednesday 9 september 8 . 50 announcements followed by plenary session ( orchard ballroom 1 ) mario rinvolucri : filters - - some of the ways we ' cook ' reality for ourselves . 10 . 00 coffee 10 . 30 parallel sessions , set 6 ( x4 ) until 11 . 10 shi - xu and manfred kienpointner : culture as arguable : a comparative - discourse - - analytical approach to intercultural mass communication . ( rosewood ) kath copley : death of the ' tyrant ' : media constructions of pol pot at the time of his passing . ( lavender 1 ) catherine kuo : in search of oneself : a case study of growing through writing in an advanced efl classroom in taiwan . ( lavender 2 ) susan hassall : ' creating worlds ' : constructing narrative in picture books . ( cypress ) 11 . 15 parallel sessions , set 7 ( x4 ) until 11 . 55 : yang ruiying : negotiating meaning : an analysis of chinese learners ' conversations in english . ( rosewood ) takehiko nishioka : a study on the japanese high school students ' skill in expressing subjectivity in their writings . ( lavender 2 ) jeffrey p . jones : creating political common sense : politically incorrect and lay political discourse . ( cypress ) 12 . 00 parallel sessions , set 8 ( x3 ) until 12 . 40 graeme cane : ' leaving in a taxt , in a huff , or in a minute and a huff : using idioms to make and remake meaning . ( rosewood ) donald l . smith : when the japanese student hits the internet head-on . ( lavender 2 ) khoo sim eng : making sense of the singapore feminine identity in local television advertisements . ( cypress ) 12 . 40 - - 1 . 30 lunch 1 . 30 - 4 . 30 parallel 3 - hour workshops : jane arnold : brain - friendly materials . ( orchard ballroom 1 ) mario rinvolucri : developing exercises that respect the way the ' mind-brain ' makes sense of things ( 2 ) . ( rosewood ) anneliese kramer - dahl & maha sripathy : developing critical textual awareness . ( lavender 1 ) hitomi masuhara : creating multi-dimensional sense in reading . ( lavender 2 ) ( 3 . 00 - 4 . 00 afternoon tea ) 4 . 30 end of workshop sessions 4 . 35 closing session - - brief commentaries on the conference ( in orchard ballroom1 ) 5 . 00 end of conference
  """",0
  1911,""""Subject: germanic linguistics annual conference-5 , 1999
   
   germanic linguistics annual conference-5 ( glac - 5 ) will take place at the university of texas at austin , april 16-18 , 1999 . we invite colleagues at all levels ( faculty and graduate students ) to submit abstracts for 30 - minute papers on any linguistic or philological aspect of any historic or modern germanic language or dialect , including english ( to 1500 ) and the extraterritorial varieties . papers from a range of linguistic subfields , including phonetics , phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics , sociolinguistics , language acquisition , contact , and change , as well as differing theoretical approaches , are especially welcome . please send to the address below a one-page , 12 - point font abstract that is headed only by the title of your paper , as well as a separate 3 """""""" x 5 """""""" index card with your name , institutional affiliation , mailing address , phone / fax numbers , e-mail address , and the title of your paper . submissions must be received by january 2 , 1999 . notifications of acceptance will be sent out by february 1 , 1999 . glac - 5 department of germanic studies e . p . schoch 3 . 102 university of texas at austin austin , texas 78712 for more information , e-mail prof . mark l . louden ( louden @ mail . utexas . edu ) or prof . mark r . v . southern ( m . southern @ mail . utexas . edu ) . as of october 1 , 1998 , you may also consult the glac - 5 website via the ut germanic studies departmental website at www . utexas . edu / depts / german / main . html .
  """",0
  1912,""""Subject: call : neural symbolic processing
   
   nips * 98 conference workshop ( part of international conference on neural information processing systems ) december 4 and 5 , 1998 breckenridge , colorado hybrid neural symbolic integration - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - stefan wermter , university of sunderland , uk ron sun , university of alabama , usa description and motivation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - in the past it was very controversial whether neural or symbolic approaches alone will be sufficient to provide a general framework for intelligent processing . in recent years , the field of hybrid neural symbolic processing has seen a remarkable development . the motivation for the integration of symbolic and neural models of cognition and intelligent behavior comes from many different sources . > from the perspective of cognitive neuroscience , a symbolic interpretation of an artificial neural network architecture is desirable , since the brain has a neuronal structure and the capability to perform symbolic processing . this leads to the question how different processing mechanisms can bridge the large gap between , for instance , acoustic or visual input signals and symbolic reasoning for instance for language processing , inferencing , etc . > from the perspective of knowledge-based processing , hybrid neural / symbolic representations are advantageous , since different mutually complementary properties can be integrated . symbolic representations have advantages with respect to easy interpretation , explicit control , fast initial coding , dynamic variable binding and knowledge abstraction . on the other hand , neural representations show advantages for gradual analog plausibility , learning , robust fault-tolerant processing , and generalization to similar input . since these advantages are mutually complementary , a hybrid symbolic connectionist architecture can be useful if different processing strategies have to be supported . areas of interest - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - integration of symbolic and neural techniques for - integrating techniques for language and speech processing - integrating different modes of reasoning and inferencing - combining different techniques in data mining - integration for vision , language , multimedia - hybrid techniques in knowledge based systems - combining fuzzy / neuro techniques - neural / symbolic techniques and applications in engineering - exploratory research in - emergent symbolic behavior based on neural networks - interpretation and explanation of neural networks - knowledge extraction from neural networks - various forms of interacting knowledge representations - dynamic systems and recurrent networks - evolutionary techniques for cognitive tasks ( language , reasoning , etc ) - autonomous learning systems for cognitive agents that utilize both neural and symbolic learning techniques format - - - - - the workshop should provide a forum for presenting and discussing theory and practice of neural / symbolic integration . the format will consist of position statements / panel , group discussion and individual paper presentations . we intend to reserve a significant portion of time for open discussion . the proposed length of the workshop is two days . suggested panels are : 1 . connectionist models for language , vision , inferencing . what are principles for neural / symbolic representation ? 2 . hybrid neural models for new media ( multimedia , web searching , digital libraries , etc ) what will be the impact of hybrid techniques in the future ? submission - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - it is intended to publish the results after the workshop , either in a book ( springer ) or via a special issue of a journal . we invite papers which can take two forms : short position papers ( around 4 pages ) or full papers ( up to 12 pages ) . we intend to process submissions electronically . please a postscript file via ftp ( see below ) . the paper format should be compatible with latex article format : 11pt , 12 pages maximum , including title , address and email address , abstract , figures , references . notifications will be sent by email to the first author . postscript files can be uploaded with anonymous ftp . please send a notification message to stefan . wermter @ sunderland . ac . uk ftp isis . sunderland . ac . uk ( 157 . 228 . 12 . 13 ) login : anonymous password : < your email address > cd pub / wermter binary put < yourfile . ps > or < yourfile . ps . gz > quit the paper must arrive not later than 25th september 1998 at the address below . # # # # # # # # # # # # # # submission deadline : 25th september 1998 for an update on invited speakers , panel and information please see http : / / osiris . sunderland . ac . uk / ~ cs0stw / wermter / workshops / nips-workshop . html please send correspondence to : nips workshop contact - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * professor stefan wermter research chair in intelligent systems university of sunderland school of computing & information systems st peters way sunderland sr6 0dd united kingdom phone : + 44 191 515 3279 fax : + 44 191 515 2781 email : stefan . wermter @ sunderland . ac . uk http : / / osiris . sunderland . ac . uk / ~ cs0stw / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  1913,""""Subject: iada conference
   
   marcelo dascal and his colleagues are organizing together with iada a conference at the university of tel aviv from june 13-16 , 1999 . the main topic of this joint conference will be negotiations . there will be two parts : june , 13-15 pragmatics of negotiation , organized by the colleagues from tel aviv june , 15-16 negotiation as a dialogic concept , organized by marcelo dascal and edda weigand on behalf of iada the iada part will be structured according to plenary papers and sessions or round-tables . we cordially invite all our members and other colleagues to take part in this conference . in recent years , the topic negotiation has become a central dialogic concept , not only as a specific type of dialogue but in general as a crucial term for linguistic , philosophical , and interdisciplinary methodology . meaning and understanding in general are negotiated in dialogue . all these facets of the term can be addressed in individual papers or be taken as the topic of round-tables . this first circular is intended as a call for papers and proposals for round-tables . round tables consist of a series of closely related lectures on a specific subtopic of negotiation . the conference language will be english . conference homepage : http : / / zsf5 . uni-muenster . de / zsf / iada / tel1circ . htm for further information please ask : prof . edda weigand university of muenster fb 11 : philologie sprachwissenschaft bispinghof 2b d-48143 muenster germany tel . : + 49 / 251 / 8328494 fax . : + 49 / 251 / 8328495 e - mail : weigand @ uni-muenster . de
  """",0
  1914,""""Subject: armenian ling
   
   * * * second and last call for papers * * * sixth international conference on armenian linguistics - paris , july 5 - 9 , 1999 the sixth international conference on armenian linguistics will be held in paris , july 5 - 9 , under the auspices of the institut national des langues et civilisations orientales ( inalco ) papers will not be restricted in terms of topic or theoretical approach . workshops will be organized according to paper proposals . deadline for submission of proposals : 30 september 1998 proposals for presentations should be sent to : anaid donabedian , 57 , bd jourdan , 75014 paris , france fax + 33 1 44 15 10 61 e-mail : donabed @ ext . jussieu . fr submissions sent by fax or email are welcome , if followed by copy by post . proposals should include : 1 . participation form ; see the form below . 2 . an anonymous abstract ( three copies ) indicating clearly the author 's theoretical assumptions and , methodology , and showing how the research represents original work in the field of armenian linguistics or linguistics generally . the abstract should include a brief bibliography . ( total 1 - 2 page a4 ; languages : french , english , armenian ) the conference may provide financial support for transportation and / or room and board fees for participants who reside permanently in armenia or other eastern bloc countries , whose papers are accepted for presentation . participants from other countries who have no institutional backing may also apply for support . preference will be given partly to young scholars . the fee for participating in the conference will be 500 ff ( roughly us $ 100 ) ( students : 150 ff ) comfortable lodging ( shower , wc , telephone ) at reasonable rates ( 150-200 fft ) will be available at the cite internationale universitaire de paris . good hotel accomodation will be proposed at 500-600f per night near the palais royal and the conference area . application form : surname : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . title : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . affiliation : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . address : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e - mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . title of paper / presentation : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . key words ( 4 words maximum ) : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i request financial assistance : yes / no anaid donabedian - demopoulos section d ' armenien - inalco 2 , rue de lille 75343 paris cedex 07 donabed @ ext . jussieu . fr attention , je suis provisoirement detachee au cnrs ( cams , umr 17 ) ; veuillez utiliser de preference mon adresse personnelle : 57 bd jourdan 75014 paris tel : 01 44 16 11 10 fax : 01 44 16 10 61 ou l ' adresse electronique donabed @ ext . jussieu . fr
  """",0
  1915,""""Subject: language acquisition ( gala ' 97 )
   
   gala ' 97 conference on language acquisition proceedings are now available the highly successful gala ' 97 conference on language acquisition took place in edinburgh in april 1997 , attracting some 200 researchers in language acquisition from around the world . the printed proceedings of that conference are now available . they contain 93 6 - page papers covering first language syntax and semantics , acquisition of phonetics and phonology , cognitive modelling , second language syntax and semantics , second language psycholinguistics , impaired acquisition , bilingual acquisition . all of these papers were presented at the conference either as papers or posters . information about the conference and abstracts of the papers may be found at the gala ' 97 website http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / gala / the book """""""" language acquisition : knowledge representation and processing . proceedings of gala ' 97 """""""" ( 540 pp . isbn 1 902242 00 9 ) can be ordered directly . to order , please make a cheque or money-order , in uk pounds sterling , payable to """""""" the university of edinburgh """""""" . also , print out and fill in the order form below and address them to : gala ' 97 proceedings department of applied linguistics the university of edinburgh 14 buccleuch place edinburgh eh8 9ln uk + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + gala ' 97 proceedings . order form . please send me . . . . . copies of the gala ' 97 proceedings . send them to : ( name and address ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the cost per copy is 16 . 00 pounds sterling . please tick your postal requirements ( cost is per copy ) tick cost destination . . . . 4 . 15 pounds . within uk . ( first class , one price ) . . . . 5 . 29 pounds anywhere in the rest of europe ( airmail ) . . . . 12 . 03 pounds usa and rest of the world ( airmail ) . . . . 5 . 21 pounds usa and rest of the world ( surface mail - allow 4 - 6 weeks ) total the cost of the book ( s ) and the ( combined ) postage . please add 35p for each copy if you are paying by credit card ( see below ) . i enclose cheque / money order to the value of . . . . . . . . we are able to accept payment from a variety of credit cards ( visa , mastercard , switch , and delta ) . payments made by credit card incur an additional charge of 2 % of the total amount due ( see above ) . if you wish to pay by credit card , please print out the following form , complete it and return it to us by post . ( you are advised not to send your credit card details by email . also , we require an actual signature . ) name : address to which the card is registered : card type ( visa , mc , switch , delta ) : card number : valid from : expiry data : amount due : total to be charged to card : signature : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  """",0
  1916,""""Subject: 2nd hispanic lingusitic symposium
   
   second hispanic linguistics symposium / segundo simposio de linguistica hispanica october 9-11 , 1998 the ohio state university the fawcett center , 2400 olentangy river road , columbus , oh . 43210-10027 ) program friday , october 9 ( room 4 ) : 9 : 00 - 9 : 15 opening remarks . 9 : 30-10 : 00 lee hartman , southern illinois university : """""""" parsing spanish _ solo _ """""""" 10 : 00-10 : 30 cristina sanz , georgetown university : """""""" spanish teacher talk : complexity and word order """""""" 10 : 30-11 : 00 ronald p . leow , georgetown university : """""""" attention , awareness , and theforeign language classroom """""""" 11 : 00-11 : 30 james f . lee , university of illinois , urbana : """""""" on levels of processing and on levels of comprehension """""""" 11 : 30 - 1 : 00 lunch break 1 : 00 - 1 : 30 maria fernandez , michigan state university : ( tba ) 1 : 30 - 2 : 00 paola dussias , university of illinois , urbana : """""""" the function-word effect in spanish - english codeswitching : what eye - tracking can tell us """""""" 2 : 00 - 2 : 30 carmen garcia fernandez , university of virginia : """""""" requesting for a service : strategies used by venezuelan women """""""" 2 : 30 - 3 : 00 elena ruzickova , miami university : """""""" cuban facework : politeness strategies in requests , apologies and compliment responses """""""" 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 coffee break 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 diane ringer uber , the college of wooster : """""""" forms of address in the commercial spanish of five latin american cities 4 : 00 - 4 : 30 maryellen garcia , university of texas , san antonio : """""""" evidence from _ nomas _ in a bilingual dialect """""""" 4 : 30 - 5 : 00 pat lunn , michigan state university : the domino effect : changes in subjunctive usage in quito 5 : 00 - 5 : 30 coffee break 5 : 30 - 6 : 00 kenneth wireback , miami university : """""""" on the velarization of / n / in cuban radio broadcasting """""""" 6 : 00 - 6 : 30 claudia parodi , ucla : """""""" the agreement system of los angeles spanish and the media """""""" 6 : 30 - 7 : 00 liliana sanchez , carnegie mellon university : """""""" d0 features and the direct object pronominal system of andean spanish """""""" 7 : 30 - 9 : 00 welcoming reception at the faucett center 's alumni lounge saturday , october 10 ( parallel sessions ) session a ( rooms 6 - 7 ) : 8 : 30 - 9 : 00 luis lopez , university of missouri : """""""" on the syntax of contrastive focus : evidence from vp - ellipsis """""""" 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 jose camacho , rutgers university : """""""" a focus auxiliary in dialects of spanish """""""" 9 : 30-10 : 00 eugenia casielles , wayne state university : """""""" notes on the topic-focus articulation """""""" 10 : 00-10 : 30 coffee break 10 : 30-11 : 00 enrique mallen , texas a&m university : """""""" predicate inversion in spanish """""""" 11 : 00-11 : 30 francisco ordonez , university of illinois - urbana : """""""" subject inversion in romance and predicate raising """""""" 11 : 30-12 : 00 hector campos , georgetown university : """""""" three types of subject raising in spanish """""""" 12 : 00 - 1 : 30 lunch break 1 : 30 - 2 : 00 juan martin , university of toledo : """""""" the syntax and semantics of spanish accusative _ a _ """""""" 2 : 00 - 2 : 00 luis silva - villar , ucla : """""""" diachronic qualitative studies on minimalist operations """""""" 2 : 30 - 3 : 00 marta lujan , the university of texas , austin : """""""" minimalist bello : basic categories in bello 's grammar """""""" 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 coffee break 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 raul aranovich , university of texas , san antonio : """""""" blocking of spanish reflexives in the hierarchical lexicon """""""" 4 : 00 - 4 : 30 paula kempchinsky , university of iowa : """""""" on the nature of condition b """""""" 4 : 30 - 5 : 00 karen zagona , university of washington : """""""" some effects of np - movement on aspectual construal """""""" 5 : 00 - 5 : 30 coffee break 5 : 30 - 6 : 00 james harris , mit : """""""" the legend of nasal depalatalization """""""" 6 : 00 - 6 : 30 heles contreras , university of washington : """""""" the range of syntactic parametrization """""""" 7 : 30 - 9 : 30 dinner at the faucett center 's alumni lounge saturday , october 10 session b ( rooms 8 - 9 ) : 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 robert m . hammond , purdue university : """""""" the non-occurrence of the phone [ rr ] in the spanish sound system """""""" 9 : 30-10 : 00 holly j . nibert , pennsylvania state university : """""""" a production / perception study of the phrase accent in spanish intonation """""""" 10 : 00-10 : 30 coffee break 10 : 30-11 : 00 carlos e . pineros , central michigan university : """""""" head - dependence in _ jerigonza _ , a spanish language game """""""" 11 : 00-11 : 30 eric holt , university of south carolina : """""""" the moraic status of consonants from latin to hispano - romance : the case of obstruents """""""" 11 : 30-12 : 00 john m . lipski , university of new mexico : """""""" the many faces of spanish / s / - weakening : ( re ) alignment and ambisyllabicity """""""" 12 : 00 - 1 : 30 lunch break 1 : 30 - 2 : 00 jose i . hualde , university of illinois , urbana : """""""" patterns in the lexicon : hiatus with unstressed high vowels in spanish """""""" 2 : 00 - 2 : 00 ellen m . kaisse , university of washington : """""""" the syllabic position of glides in spanish : insights from pasiego vowel harmony """""""" 2 : 30 - 3 : 00 sonia colina , arizona state university : """""""" re - examining spanish glides : the hiatus / diphthong alternation and analogically conditioned variation in vocoid sequences """""""" 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 coffee break 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 mario saltarelli , university of southern california : ( tba ) 4 : 00 - 4 : 30 alfonso morales - front , georgetown university : """""""" the role of templates in the acquisition of phonology """""""" 4 : 30 - 5 : 00 regina morin , the college of new jersey : """""""" spanish substantives : how many classes ? """""""" 5 : 00 - 5 : 30 coffee break sunday , october 11 ( parallel sessions ) session a ( rooms 6 - 7 ) : 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 rafael nunez - cedeno , university of illinois , chicago : """""""" on interpreting generic ( pro ) nouns in spanish """""""" 9 : 30-10 : 00 scott schwenter , ball state university : """""""" two types of scalar particles : evidence from spanish """""""" 10 : 00-10 : 30 sarah harmon and almerindo ojeda , university of california , davis : """""""" mass - neuter in _ obra de agricultura _ """""""" 10 : 30-11 : 00 coffee break 11 : 00-11 : 30 cristina schmitt , michigan state university / zas - berlin : """""""" _ todo _ and _ every _ : semantic similarities , syntactic differences """""""" 11 : 30-12 : 00 elena herburger , georgetown university : """""""" interpreting negative concord """""""" 12 : 00-12 : 30 errapel mejias - vicandi , university of nebraska : """""""" prenominal adjectives andwh - extraction """""""" sunday , october 11 session b ( rooms 8 - 9 ) : 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 jose del valle , miami university / university of virginia : """""""" language policy and linguistic culture in galicia """""""" 9 : 30-10 : 00 frank nuessel , university of louisville : """""""" linguistic theory and discourse in _ don quijote _ """""""" 10 : 00-10 : 30 ray harris - northall , university of wisconsin - madison : """""""" official use of the vernacular in the 13th century : medieval spanish language policy ? """""""" 10 : 30-11 : 00 coffee break 11 : 00-11 : 30 thomas walsh , georgetown university : """""""" the etymology of spanish _ atinar _ 11 : 30-12 : 00 joel rini , university of virginia : """""""" the directionality of leveling in the old spanish verbal paradigm distillable from resistance to language shift : the case of spanish _ dormir _ , _ morir _ ( and _ podrir _ ) """""""" 12 : 00-12 : 30 steven n . dworkin , university of michigan : """""""" syntax and lexical loss : the fate of old spanish in spanish _ y _ and _ ende _ """""""" organizing committee : fernando martinez - gil and javier gutierrez - rexach ( dept . of spanish and portuguese , the ohio state university ) symposium coordinator : fernando martinez - gil registration : free for students ; $ 20 . 00 for others before september 20th , 1998 . after september 20th and onsite registration will be $ 30 . 00 . for further information , including registration form and hotel reservations , please contact : fernando martinez - gil , second hispanic linguistics symposium coordinator , dept . of spanish and portuguese , the ohio state university , 266 cunz hall , 1841 millikin rd . , columbus , oh 43210-1229 tel . ( 614 ) 292-1981 / fax ( 614 ) 292-7726 e - mail : martinez-gil . 1 @ osu . edu fernando martinez - gil , dept . of spanish and portuguese the ohio state university martinez-gil . 1 @ osu . edu
  """",0
  1917,""""Subject: new books on pragmatics
   
   john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new title in the field of pragmatics : function and structure in honor of susumo kuno akio kamio & ken - ichi takami ( eds . ) this collection of papers on functional syntax shows the development of a specific stream of functional linguistics initiated by susumu kuno of harvard university . inspired by prague school linguists such as jan firbas and vilem mathesius , kuno developed a more comprehensive and theory-oriented approach and lined it with the american formalist approach of generative grammar . his approach is thus a unique combination of functionalism and formalism that constantly urges the promotions of interactions between these two major trends in linguistics . the papers in this collection coherently deal with functional aspects of linguistics from a wide variety of perspectives such as theoretical , applicational , experimental and diachronic aspects incorporating the functional concept advocated by kuno . < br > contributions by : noriko akatsuka ; jacqueline guillemin - flescher ; akio kamio and margaret thomas ; becky kennedy ; kiri lee ; use men et . al . ; ken - ichi takami ; etsuko tomoda ; aiko utsugi ; gregory ward ; john whitman . 1998 . ca 360 pp . pragmatics and beyond new series 59 . us / canada : hb : 1 55619 822 1 price : usd 89 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 5073 1 price : nlg 178 , bernadette martinez - keck publicity / marketing tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com john benjamins north america po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com /
  """",0
  1918,""""Subject: new books on human cognitive processing
   
   john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new title in the field of human cognitive processing : the contemporary theory of metaphor a perspective from chinese < br > ning yu the primary objective of this book is to contribute to the contemporary theory of metaphor from the viewpoint of chinese so as to help place the theory into a wider cross-linguistic and cross-cultural perspective . aiming at this primary objective , it explores two major questions faced by the contemporary theory : ( 1 ) if abstract reasoning is at least partially metaphorical in nature ; and ( 2 ) what conceptual metaphors are universal , widespread , or culture-specific . it focuses on ( 1 ) metaphors of emotions , ( 2 ) the time as space metaphor , and ( 3 ) the event structure metaphor . it studies how chinese is similar to and different from english with regard to these metaphor systems and image schemas involved , and what reasons ( cognitive or cultural ) can account for the similarities and differences between these two languages . in general , the empirical studies presented in this book reinforce the view that metaphor is the main mechanism through which abstract concepts are comprehended and abstract reasoning is performed . they also support , from the perspective of chinese , the candidacy of some conceptual metaphors for metaphorical universals . these include , for instance , the anger is heat metaphor , the happy is up metaphor , the time as space metaphor and the event structure metaphor . it seems that these conceptual metaphors are grounded in some basic human experiences that may be universal to all human beings . 1998 ca 300pp . human cognitive processing , 1 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 201 0 price : usd 59 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 2353 x price : nlg 118 bernadette martinez - keck publicity / marketing tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com john benjamins north america po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com /
  """",0
  1919,""""Subject: 5th intl conf on asian / african langs
   
   the 5th international conference on the languages of far east , southeast asia and west africa first circular the university of st . petersburg and the institute for asian and african studies ( moscow state university ) are pleased to announce that the 5th international conference * the languages of far east , southeast asia and west africa * will be held in st . petersburg on september 7-11 , 1999 . the conference site is the university of st . petersburg , dept of oriental studies ( 11 , universitetskaja nab . , 199034 , st . petersburg , russia ) . building on the success of its predecessors ( moscow 1991 , 1993 , 1995 , 1997 ) , this conference aims to encourage a spirit of dialogue between students of far east / southeast asia and of west africa . the conference offers a unique opportunity for its participants to exchange views on the languages whose structures share so many features , despite the genetic or areal unrelatedness . special session a special session will be held , devoted to theoretical frameworks for the analysis of isolating languages . it has been revealed more than once in the course of discussions at previous leseawa conferences that we badly need a common metalanguage in terms of which a coherent analyses of the languages of fe , sea , and wa would be most efficient . we are certainly far from an intention to develop an esoteric metalanguage . on the contrary , our ultimate goal is to eventually enrich the common stock of theoretical notions , where analyses of both """""""" more traditional """""""" and """""""" less traditional """""""" languages would be fully commensurable . most of currently used linguistic models are not properly equipped to give a student of fe , sea , and wa languages reliable analytic tools , even where such fundamental linguistic objects as the phoneme , parts of speech , clause , etc . are concerned . invited speakers are to be announced . working languages will be english and russian . applications and abstracts ( ca . 100 words ) should be submitted to : prof . dr . rudolph yanson , chair , dept of china , sea , and korea , univ . of st . petersburg < yanson @ ry1703 . spb . edu > , fax ( 812 ) 3287861 , phone ( 812 ) 3213767 ( home ) all submissions are subject to refereeing by the program committee . e - mail submissions are strongly encouraged . deadline for response to the 1st circular is march 10 , 1999 . notifications of acceptance will be mailed out before may 1999 . registration fee is usd 60 . the registration fee includes the volume of conference proceedings , coffee-breakes , lunch ( please specify if you require a vegetarian or vegan option ) , cultural program , etc . organizing committee : rudolph yanson ( chair ) marc kaploun ( vice-chair ) fax ( 095 ) 203-3647 alexandre storozhuk ( secretary ) angelina gerasimova aleksey vasiljev program committee : vadim kassevitch ( chair ) < kasevich @ vbk . usr . pu . ru > artemy karapetianz ( vice-chair ) victor vinogradov ( vice-chair ) mikhail rumjantsev rudolf yanson andrey zhukov nikolay dobronravin alexandre ogloblin sergey yakhontov - - prof . dr . vadim b . kassevitch ( univ . of st . petersburg ) p . o . box 14 , st . petersburg , 191025 , russia phone ( 7-812 ) 314-6123 ( home ) , fax ( 7-812 ) 2181346 ( office ) < kasevich @ vbk . usr . pu . ru >
  """",0
  1920,""""Subject: glow ' 99
   
   call for papers : glow 1999 the glow 99 colloquium will be organized by the research center for general linguistics ( zas ) in berlin from 29th to 31st march 1999 . the conference will then continue in potsdam on 1st april with parallel workshops organized by the potsdam university and lot ( netherlands graduate school of linguistics ) . themes of the conference main colloquium : universals workshops : phonetics in phonology sources for universals technical aspects of movement calls : the colloquium : universals the search for universals has always been at the center of interest in generative linguistics . fundamental claims about universal properties of language are what we build into the very architecture of the theory of ug : primitives ( features etc . ) , combinatorial operations ( merge ) , the operation ' move ' , interfaces with extralinguistic systems ( lf , pf ) , etc . alongside such formal universals , we also seek substantive universals in inventories , markedness patterns , feature hierarchies etc . such facts may reflect properties of ug itself or derive from extralinguistic sources . recent growth in crosslinguistic study opens new opportunities for extending the empirical base , confirming or challenging old generalizations and establishing new ones . at the same time , recent theoretical developments in both phonology and syntax lead to important questions concerning the formal and / or substantive nature of universals in language , and the quest for the exact sources of variation between languages . in phonology , universals have typically been assumed to exist in many different subcomponents , e . g . features , prosodic constituents . only in recent years , with the emergence of output-based evaluation systems , has the focus of interest in universals shifted to the study of constraints and their interaction . hence new questions arise : are all constraints universal in the sense that they are constitutive of grammar ? should we conceive of constraints as being exhaustive and ordered ? are there universals that constraint orderings have to obey ? are there different domains ( i . e . lexical and postlexical level ) where constraints apply ? are there language-specific constraints ? syntactic theory in the early 80 's assumed principles common to all languages to interact with various types of ' macro-parameters ' : one deep property from which several other properties derive ( e . g . pro-drop parameter ) . later , variation was attributed to ' micro-parameters ' . now , with the emergence of minimalism and optimality , basic issues like what constitutes a universal principle / constraint , and what constitutes a parameter , need to be re-addressed . is there a universal inventory of functional heads / features ? as to the autonomy of , or the division of labour between syntax and morphology : is parametrized variation confined to inflectional systems ? is syntactic variation restricted to the choice of overt or zero realization of a given feature ? if all movement takes place in a single cycle , does variation reduce to the presence of affixes or the lack thereof ? are there universal constraints in morpho-syntax ? moreover , in recent years it has been argued that thematic relations are features . what are their characteristics ? do these have a universal inventory ? could they be parametrized ? many typological-descriptive generalizations await theoretical integration - e . g . greenbergian ' universals ' of word order patterns , cross-categorial harmony effects , etc . in this respect , kayne 's proposal for a universal ordering merely shifts the burden from phrase structure to movement . a guiding heuristic of generative grammar has been that parsimonious ( redundancy-free ) theories are to be preferred ; but minimalism goes further in suggesting that economy is built into ug itself . to what extent can the hypothesis that ug principles instantiate notions of economy be upheld ? in studying ug , we take the external systems with which it interfaces to be invariant in linguistically significant senses across individuals and languages . thus we posit universal interpretation mechanisms ( and uniformity across languages at lf ) , ' universal phonetics ' ( invariant articulatory / perceptual mechanisms ) , a universal parser , etc . ; so that variation is confined to grammars , in particular phonology / morphology and&nbsp ; aspects of the lexicon . yet properties of external systems may have far-reaching consequences for our view of ug . as we learn more about them , universals attributed to ug may have to be reassigned . what if ug - compatible grammars determine languages that cannot exist because they are unuseable ( unparseable ; unlearnable ; etc ) ? are there universal patterns in the acquisition process , in parsing strategies , etc . , that can be brought to bear ? the colloquium will consist of 20 talks of 45 minutes each plus discussion . abstracts may not exceed 2 pages with at least a 1 inch margin on all four sides and should employ a font not smaller than 12 pt . they should be sent anonymously in tenfold , accompanied by a camera-ready original with the author 's name , address and affiliation to : glow selection committee c / o artemis alexiadou zentrum fr allgemeine sprachwissenschaft , typologie und universalienforschung jgerstr . 10 / 11 , 10117 berlin germany phone : + 49-30 - 20192404 / 1 fax : + 49-30 - 20192402 e-mail : glow99 @ zas . gwz-berlin . de url : http : / / www . zas . gwz-berlin . de / events / glow / index . htm the workshops 1 . sources for universals recent developments in syntax and phonology such as the minimalist program or optimality theory have led to new insights into the structure of the human linguistic capacity . in the context of such theoretical developments , the conviction has grown that recourse to innate properties of language cannot be the only explanation for the existence of certain generalizations of formal linguistic structure . the idea of the workshop """""""" sources for universals """""""" is to bring together researchers from various fields inside and outside of syntax and phonology in order to identify possible sources for formal universals of natural language . such possible sources could come from the following domains , semantic universals consideration of processing difficulty considerations of laws of historical development for languages considersations of constraints on language acquisition biological constraints in the sense of a """""""" universal grammar """""""" constraints inherent in the computational mechanisms serving language , this list is not meant to be exhaustive . contributions which link formal universals as discussed in recent grammatical models to any of such sources are particularly welcomed . 2 . technical aspects of movement filler - gap dependencies ( fgd ) belong to the most intriguing properties of natural language grammatical theories have to deal with . finding the right approach continues to be a matter of no little controversy . capturing the core properties of fgds , concepts of strictest c-command , which require fillers and their gaps to be immediately attached to the same projection line , arguably possess a high amount of naturalness or simplicity . this type of constraint is directly reflected by linear indexed grammars and has been implemented in the minimalist extension condition on structure building . ( attempts to derive the c-command relation from the minimalist operation merge take this strategy even further . ) yet , head-movement configurations , analyzed as adjunction in the principles and parameters variant of generative grammar , seem to require weaker versions of c-command , such that the adjoined head ' inherits ' the c-command domain of the head adjoined to . it is an open question , whether there are alternatives that do not - one way or the other - employ similar auxiliary devices . as is well known , fgd - patterns ( nested / crossed ) have consequences for the generative power of the grammars describing them . it is not properly understood , however , which devices of which systems capture less orderly patterns best . systems using slash-categories or similar techniques seem to run into considerable difficulty here . feature - lists integrated into a checking theory of movement may be considered one of various alternatives . most recently , the minimalist adoption of the """""""" copy theory of movement """""""" opened up another array of related issues . how , for example , do checking resources get eliminated if each step leading to elimination is preceded by a step of copying these resources ? are copies of np / wh - moved constituents assumed to retain properties of empty anaphors and syntactic variables respectively , or has any reference to empty categories ( e . g . ecp ) and their potential link to binding theory become undefined ? if the latter , could this change be motivated by complexity results concerning the powerful device of free indexation , as employed by gb binding theory ? indeed , a general ban on the use of indices has been accompanying the """""""" copy theory of movement """""""" . this calls for a demonstration how chains , the standard """""""" legitimate lf - objects """""""" , which in alternative versions of syntax are supposed to fully supplant movement , get handled without such devices . primary properties to be defined on chains of copies , for example , would be pf - realizability as well as the distinction between operator , variable , and descriptive content status at lf ( nontrivial consequences for the analyses of qr and acd being directly implied ) . alternatively , it would be helpful to be able to appreciate how far any worked-out proposals deviate from structure-sharing techniques as used in hpsg / lfg ( a . o . ) , index percolation devices from variants of indexed grammar , and other structure generating systems like tree adjoining grammar or categorial grammar . this workshop invites submissions of papers shedding light on the above questions from both technical / formal and linguistic angles . abstracts for both workshops are invited for 45 minute presentations ( plus 15 minutes dicussion ) . they should not exceed one page / 500 words . please send five anonymous copies plus a camera ready original ( with author 's name , address , and affiliation ) to the address specified below . speakers will be partially reimbursed for their expenses on the scale that applies to the colloquium . glow workshops c / o matthias schlesewsky institut fuer linguistik universitt potsdam postfach 60 15 53 d 14415 potsdam germany phone : x49 - 331-977 - 2016 fax : x49 - 331-977 - 2761 e-mail : glow _ workshop @ ling . uni-potsdam . de url : http : / / www . ling . uni-potsdam . de / ik / glow . html 3 . phonetics in phonology invited speakers : edward flemming , donca steriade organizers : carlos gussenhoven , ren kager the workshop is broadly concerned with the relevance of articulatory and perceptual facts for phonological theory . more specifically , it intends to focus on such questions as the extent to which functional factors determine phonological grammars , the status of the distinction between phonological representation and phonetic implementation , the issue of multiple ( articulation-based as well as perception-based ) phonological representations , and the universality and ` groundedness ' of phonological constraints . the workshop will consist of approximately 7 talks of 45 minutes each , followed by 15 minutes of discussion . abstracts may not exceed one page with at least a 1 inch margin on all four sides and should employ a font no smaller than 12 pt . they should be sent anonymously in threefold , accompanied by a camera-ready original with the author 's name , address and affiliation , to glow phonology workshop c / o . ren kager utrecht institute of linguistics / ots trans 10 3512 jk utrecht netherlands phone : + 31-30 - 2538064 fax : + 31-30 - 2536000 deadline for submission of abstracts : december 1 , 1998 submission by fax or e-mail will not be accepted .
  """",0
  1921,""""Subject: aspects of bilingualism in the ancient world
   
   aspects of bilingualism in the ancient world the university of reading , 2 - 4 april 1998 an international conference on bilingualism organised by prof . j . n . adams ( reading ) , prof . m . e . p . janse ( gent ) and dr s . c . r . swain ( warwick ) will be held at the university of reading from 2 - 4 april 1998 . sixteen invited speakers from britain and abroad will give papers . no attempt will be made to achieve a comprehensive coverage of language contact in the ancient mediterranean world , but the focus will instead be on greek and latin in contact both with each other and with other languages . it is intended that some papers should be linguistic in orientation ( i . e . that they should take account of recent research by linguists on bilingualism in modern societies , relating the findings if possible to issues of ancient bilingualism ) , but it is also obvious that historians and literary scholars commonly address problems related to language contact . we hope that the programme of papers will offer a combination of sociolinguistic , literary , cultural and historical approaches to the subject . conference program thursday , april 2 12 . 00 - 2 . 00 registration 2 . 00 - 2 . 05 welcome 2 . 05 - 2 . 50 d . r . langslow approaching bilingualism in corpus languages 2 . 50 - 3 . 35 s . c . r . swain bilingualism and biculturalism in cicero 3 . 35 - 3 . 50 discussion 3 . 50 - 4 . 15 tea 4 . 15 - 5 . 00 cl . brixhe echanges greco-phrygiens 5 . 00 - 5 . 45 i . rutherford patterns of interference in lycian - greek texts : word order , filiation , formulas and other stuctures 5 . 45 - 6 . 00 discussion 6 . 15 - 7 . 00 z . rubin res gestae divi saporis : greek and middle iranian in a document of sassanian , anti - roman propaganga 7 . 30 reception ( ure museum of archaeology ) * * * * * * * * * * * * friday , april 3 9 . 00 - 9 . 45 j . n . adams bilingualism at delos 9 . 45-10 . 30 k . versteegh dead or alive : the status of the standard language 10 . 30-10 . 45 discussion 10 . 45-11 . 10 coffee 11 . 10-11 . 55 h . cotton hebrew , aramaic and greek in the documents from the judean desert : languages , law and society 11 . 55-12 . 40 m . janse contact - induced change : two case studies from the history of greek 12 . 40-12 . 55 discussion 1 . 00 - 2 . 15 lunch 2 . 15 - 3 . 00 f . biville greco - romains et greco-latin 3 . 00 - 3 . 45 m . leiwo from contact to mixture : bilingual inscriptions from italy 3 . 45 - 4 . 00 discussion 4 . 00 - 4 . 25 tea 4 . 25 - 5 . 10 d . g . k . taylor bilingualism and diglossia in late antique syria and mesopotamia 5 . 10 - 5 . 55 p . flobert a case of bilingualism in gaul : romani and franci in the vith century 5 . 55 - 6 . 30 discussion 7 . 30 - 9 . 30 conference dinner * * * * * * * * * * * * saturday , april 4 9 . 00 - 9 . 45 j . kramer greek papyri from egypt and the history of the latin language 9 . 45-10 . 30 p . glare from text to speech : arguing the case for bilingualism in roman egypt 10 . 30-10 . 45 discussion 10 . 45-11 . 10 coffee 11 . 10-11 . 55 h . von staden ( title awaited ) 11 . 55-12 . 40 b . frischer word - order transference between latin and greek : the relative position of the accusative direct object and the governing verb in cassius dio and other greek and roman prose authors 12 . 40 - 1 . 00 discussion location : the conference will be held in the faculty of letters and social sciences at the university of reading . accommodation : delegates will be put up in a modern university hall of residence . all rooms have handbasins , and there are some rooms with en-suite facilities . please let us know if you require a room on the ground floor . it is not possible to provide double rooms . meals : breakfast is included in the price of accommodation and coffee , lunch and tea are included in the conference fee . on the first night there will a reception in the ure museum of greek archaeology hosted by the department of classics . on the second night a conference dinner will be held in the orange room , university of reading . the price of this will be gbp 325 to include wine . travel : reading is easily reached by road and train . train : reading is on the london to bristol line and there are frequent trains from paddington . reading is also easily accessible by train from oxford and the north . for those travelling by eurostar , there is a direct train service from waterloo to reading . road : reading is some forty miles from london and can be reached via the m4 motorway , junction 11 . air : there is a direct bus link between heathrow and reading . a regular train service runs between gatwick and reading . general : throughout the conference a conference office will be manned and delegates can be contacted by the following means : telephone : 0118 9 31820 fax : 0118 9 316661 e-mail : s . r . d . wallis @ reading . ac . uk if you have any queries concerning the organisation of the conference or booking in the first instance please contact the conference secretary , s . r . d . wallis on the above numbers . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - booking form i wish to attend the conference on bilingualism : name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . title : . . . . . . . . . . . address : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . postcode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telephone : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fax : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e-mail : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . conference fee ( includes coffee , lunch and tea ) : full fee for three days gbp 40 ( gbp 20 for postgraduates ) : gbp . . . . . . . . or gbp 15 ( gbp 7 . 50 for postgraduates ) per day : thursday gbp . . . . . . . . friday gbp . . . . . . . . saturday gbp . . . . . . . . total ( a ) gbp . . . . . . . . 2 . accommodation : accommodation is available either in rooms with en-suite bathrooms ( subject to availability ) at gbp 32 per night , or in basic rooms with handbasins and shared bathrooms at gbp 20 per night . i require the following accommodation : . . . . . nights ' accommodation in an en-suite room / basic room at gbp 32 / 20 per night total ( b ) gbp . . . . . . . . 3 . meals : lunch will be provided each day ( thursday , friday and saturday ) as part of the conference fee . on the first night there will be a reception in the ure museum of greek archaeology hosted by the department of classics . on the second night there will be a conference dinner held in the orange room , university of reading . i wish to attend the reception on thursday ( free ) . . . . . . i wish to attend the conference dinner on friday ( gbp 25 ) gbp . . . . . i am / am not vegetarian . special dietary requirements : total ( c ) gbp . . . . . . summary : a . conference fee gbp . . . . . . . . . + b . accommodation gbp . . . . . . . + c . meals gbp . . . . . . . . . = grand total gbp . . . . . . . please make cheques payable to the university of reading and send to s . r . d . wallis , conference secretary , department of classics , university of reading , folss , reading , rg6 6aa .
  """",0
  1922,""""Subject: new reference title
   
   john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following reference title : english prepositions explained seth lindstromberg ( hilderstone college , uk ) 1997 . ca . 330 pp us / canada : hb : 1 55619 525 7 price : usd 75 . 00 pb : 1 55619 526 5 price : usd 29 . 95 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 2171 5 price : nlg 150 , pb : 90 272 2172 3 price : nlg 60 english prepositions explained has been written both for non-native and native speakers of english and is intended for : teachers of english ; translators ; materials writers ; advanced students of english ; frequent users of english generally . english prepositions explained furnishes information about english prepositions that is available in no other book currently in print . epe both complements and is complemented by the bbi dictionary of english word combinations , which lists common collocations ( including prepositional collocations ) in a fashion that makes them readily locatable . like a grammar handbook , epe describes how prepositions and directional adverbs are used . its main work , however , consists in providing answers to the following questions : what meanings does each preposition have ? ; how are a preposition 's different meanings related ? ; which meaning ( s ) underlie this or that usage ? ; which usages are true idioms and which express systematic meaning ? ; what are the major semantic families of preposition ? ; where are the boundaries in meaning between the prepositions within each family ? ; when various prepositions are usable in the same context , what different meaning or nuance does each contribute and why ? ; what is the role of metaphor in the english system of prepositions ? ; what is a phrasal verb and to what extent do they reflect systematic meanings ? explanations are liberally supported with iconic / pictorial illustrations and examples of usage . it is this explanatory , rather than merely descriptive , approach which makes epe a unique resource for creative writing . covering more than seventy , mostly spatial and temporal , prepositions , it presents a picture of remarkable systematicity . among epe 's twenty-three chapters are : an overview of the grammar and semantics of prepositions ( of place , path and time ) and of directional adverbs ; nineteen chapters on families of prepositions ; a chapter on phrasal verbs ; a summary of key abstract notions expressed by prepositions . epe is fully indexed and includes a glossary of terms and an annotated bibliography . bernadette martinez - keck publicity / marketing tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com john benjamins north america po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com /
  """",0
  1923,""""Subject: books on translation
   
   john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new titles in the field of translation : the translator ' s dialogue giovanni pontiero pilar orero & juan c . sager ( eds . ) universidad autonoma , barcelone / umist , manchester 1997 . xiv , 252 pp . benjamins translation library , 24 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 708 - x price : usd 67 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 1627 4 price : nlg 134 , - - the translator 's dialogue : giovanni pontiero is a tribute to an outstanding translator of literary works from portuguese , lusobrasilian , italian and spanish into english . the translator introduced authors such as carlos drummond de andrade , manuel bandeira , clarice lispector and jose saramago to the english reading world . pontiero 's essays shed light on the process of literary translation and its impact on cultural perception . this process is exemplified by pontiero the translator and analyst , some of the authors he collaborated with , publishers ' editors and literary critics and , finally , by an unpublished translation of a short story by jose saramago , coisas . contributions by : p . bins ; p . bush ; m . jull costa ; a . g . kinder ; l . luft ; r . marsack ; a . miranda ; m . martinez ; p . orero ; h . owen ; m . sahine ; j . ; saramago ; j . c . sager ; c . waldman ; r . winder ; and r . zenith . translation and interpreting schools compiled by brian harris ( university of ottawa ) 1997 . xii , 238 pp . language intl . world directory 2 us / canada : hb : 1 55619 741 1 price : usd 95 . 00 rest of the world : hb : 90 272 1952 4 price : nlg 190 , - - this international directory of translator and interpreter training facilities in higher education includes details on 243 courses around the world . listing full addresses , names of teachers , languages taught , methods of teaching , degree , tuition fees , year it was founded , and other activities . the directory provides pertinent information for students seeking the appropriate training and for translation and interpreting schools to compare themselves with others and to network with related schools . this is the first list showing the vast number of professional and academic training facilities in a booming industry . bernadette martinez - keck publicity / marketing tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com john benjamins north america po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com /
  """",0
  1924,""""Subject: new and recent titles in general linguistics
   
   general linguistics sahibs , nabobs , and boxwallahs : a dictionary of the words of anglo - india ivor lewis """""""" gives an intriguing view of just how far one language and culture so different from english has been so extensively integrated into everyday english , enriching it with a tremendous diversity . . . . specialized , but a delightful work . """""""" - - choice ( oxford india paperbacks ) this new dictionary not only presents the known vocabulary of anglo - india , but also provides the sources , etymologies , and usages of the words of the past 350 years . with an extensive historical introduction and register of references , this complete source offers a lively and scholarly history of previous lexicographical work in this area as well as a socio-linguistic analysis of the growth of anglo - indian words and their use in the literature of india . 1992 ( paper may 1998 ) 280 pp . 0-19 - 564223 - 6 paper $ 15 . 95 oxford university press an introduction to historical linguistics third edition terry crowley , university of waikato , new zealand all languages change , just as other aspects of human society are constantly changing . this book is an introduction to the concepts and techniques of diachronic linguistics - - the study of language change over time . it covers all the major areas of historical linguistics , presenting concepts in a clear and concise way . while examples are given from a wide range of languages , most major concepts and techniques are illustrated by material drawn from the languages of australia and the pacific . the needs of undergraduate students of linguistics have been kept firmly in mind , but the book will also be of interest to the general reader seeking to understand language and language change . this third edition includes a number of rewritten and supplemented sections and new material on grammaticalization , ergativity and accusativity , language diversification , palaeolinguistics , and morphological evolution . may 1998 344 pp . ; 10 maps 0-19 - 558378 - 7 paper $ 19 . 95 oxford university press projects in linguistics : a practical guide to researching language alison wray , university of wales , swansea , kate trott , and aileen bloomer , both at university college of ripon and york st john with shirley reay and chris butler ( an arnold publication ) this is an invaluable companion for students undertaking a piece of independent research for the first time . it introduces the most commonly used tools and techniques of research and offers practical advice on how to choose a research topic , how to collect data , how to analyze it , and how to write up the results . the authors incorporate over 250 project ideas and cover plagiarism , referencing , the use of corpora , phonetic and orthographic transcription , and writing good english . june 1998 320 pp . ; 27 linecuts 0-340 - 65210 - 1 paper $ 18 . 95 0-340 - 70002 - 5 cloth $ 60 . 00 oxford university press encyclopedia of semiotics paul bouissac ( u . of toronto ) , ed a comprehensive , interdisciplinary critical survey of current scholarship in semiotics - - key concepts , terms , theories , theorists , controversies , and debates , with applications of semiotic analyses to a wide range of social and cultural phenomena . 400 + original entries from philosophers , linguists , and other scholars . bibliographies , index 0-19 - 512090 - 6 ; 700 pages ; $ 125 . 00 ; oxford university press . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
  """",0
  1925,""""Subject: new and recent titles in syntax & morphology
   
   sentential negation in french paul rowlett , university of salford this is the first full-length study of sentential negation phenomena in french . paul rowlett assesses , from a generative perspective , the respective contribution made to the expression of clausal polarity by ne , pas , and elements such as jamais and personne . his conclusions have far-reaching implications , leading to the controversial hypothesis that , despite widespread belief , french is not a negative concord language . september 1998 256 pp . 0-19 - 512591 - 6 paper $ 29 . 95 0-19 - 511924 - x cloth $ 75 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
  """",0
  1926,""""Subject: theoretical & descriptive linguistics
   
   studies in south asian linguistics : sinhala and other south asian languages james w . gair , cornell university selected and edited by barbara c . lust this volume collects twenty-nine published and unpublished papers by the linguist james gair , considered the foremost western scholar of the sri lankan languages sinhala and jaffna tamil . ranging over thirty years , his work also considers issues in a variety of indian languages , including hindi , marathi , tamil , malayalam , and bengali . the collection reflects the wide range of gair 's interests , from morpho-syntactic questions to questions regarding historical and areal linguistics , especially language contact and diglossia , and extending to language acquisition . by collecting these papers and making them newly accessible , this volume will provide an important resource not only for scholars of these languages but for linguists interested in the theoretical issues gair explores . april 1998 392 pp . ; 9 linecuts 0-19 - 509521 - 9 $ 75 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or
  """",0
  1927,""""Subject: sociolinguistics & anthropological linguistics
   
   the english language in pakistan edited by robert j . baumgardner in its present context of use , english in pakistan has assimilated diverse linguistic features which reflect the multilingual , multicultural character of the language 's """""""" new """""""" south asian home . the present volume brings together for the first time essays on historical , sociological , pedagogical , and linguistic perspectives of the pakistani the english language in pakistan . september 1998 344 pp . ; 37 halftones and linecuts 0-19 - 577444 - 2 $ 29 . 95 oxford university press kids talk : strategic language use in later childhood edited by susan m . hoyle , national library of medicine , and carolyn temple adger , center for applied linguistics , washington dc ( oxford studies in sociolinguistics ) between early childhood and adulthood , language acquisition is succeeded by a bloom of repertoire for managing interaction , a growing sensitivity to the relation of language and society , an expanding ability to wield power through the strategic use of language , and an increasing sophistication in framing speech activities . this book examines a wide range of language practices among school-age children and teenagers , using data from naturally occurring recorded talk and from careful observation of interaction in peer groups . the contributors analyze talk at play , at school , and at work , documenting the growing communicative skills of young people while always focusing on what young speakers themselves do with ( and through ) language . theoretical constructs to which the contributors appeal include goffman 's notion of footing and hymes ' communicative competence , as well as multiple characterizations of discourse structure . the chapters show older children as strategic language users , dynamic actors who are often concerned with defining themselves as a distinctive group , different from adults , yet who just as often display proficiency at sophisticated discourse activities that presage those of adulthood . september 1998 312 pp . ; 10 halftones , 6 linecuts 0-19 - 509893 - 5 paper $ 35 . 00 0-19 - 509892 - 7 cloth $ 75 . 00 oxforduniversity press ideology in the language of judges : how judges practice law , politics , and courtroom control susan u . philips , university of arizona ( oxford studies in anthropological linguistics 17 ) """""""" a masterful achievement . . . . [ this ] will quickly become a major text in the literatures both on ideology in discourse and on legal discourse . """""""" - - deborah tannen , georgetown university a study that will appeal to any reader interested in the relationship between our language and our laws , ideology in the language of judges focuses on the way judges take guilty pleas from criminal defendants and on the judges ' views of their own courtroom behavior . this book argues that variation in the discourse structure of the guilty pleas can best be understood as enactments of the judges ' differing interpretations of due process law and the proper role of the judge in the courtroom . susan philips demonstrates how legal and professional ideologies are expressed differently in interviews and socially occurring speech , and reveals how bounded written and spoken genres of legal discourse play a role in containing and ordering ideological diversity in language use . she also shows how the ideological struggles in a given courtroom are central yet largely hidden or denied . such findings will contribute significantly to the study of how speakers create realities through their use of language . april 1998 224 pp . 0-19 - 511341 - 1 paper $ 29 . 95 0-19 - 511340 - 3 cloth $ 59 . 00 oxford university press on reconstructing grammar : comparative cariban morphosyntax spike gildea , rice university ( oxford studies in anthropological linguistics 18 ) this book has two important aims . the first is to argue that grammaticalization theory has advanced to the point where it can be used with the comparative method to reconstruct the grammar of proto - languages . the second is to give a detailed case-study of this methodology by examining the typologically interesting cariban language family of south america - - a language group that has , according to most linguists , an impossible ( that is , far too technical ) syntactic structure . spike gildea 's findings answer long-standing questions about the historical reconstruction of grammar and will interest linguists concerned with south american languages and with grammaticalization , as well as those working in the descriptive or functional traditions . september 1998 304 pp . ; 15 linecuts 0-19 - 510952 - x $ 85 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
  """",0
  1928,""""Subject: psycholinguistics & neurolinguistics
   
   linguistic structure and change : an explanation from language processing thomas berg , university of hamburg thomas berg analyzes language as a psychological phenomenon in order to reach a clearer understanding of why the structure of language is the way it is and how it changes . he claims that real explanations of the structure of language can only emerge by establishing connections between language and its context . the explanatory power of one of these contexts , the psychological one , is examined in detail . june 1998 352 pp . ; 4 linecuts 0-19 - 823672 - 7 $ 95 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
  """",0
  1929,""""Subject: the english language
   
   fixed expressions and idioms in english : a corpus - based approach rosamund moon , university of birmingham ( oxford studies in lexicography and lexicology ) this is a text-based study of fixed expressions , or idioms . moon 's central argument is that fixed expressions can only be fully understood if they are considered in the context of the texts in which they occur . she examines several thousand fixed expressions and how they are being used in current english . she argues that examination of the corpus raises questions about many received ideas on fixed expressions and idioms , and suggests that new , use-centered , models are required . june 1998 352 pp . ; 9 linecuts 0-19 - 823614 - x $ 85 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
  """",0
  1930,""""Subject: available for review : phonology
   
   the three books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org note : please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not provide a link or url to an online cv or homepage - - these will be ignored . please also provide a surface address for us to send the book to . phonology : james m . scobbie ; autosegmental representation in a declarative constraint - based framework 0-8153 - 1949 - 0 , cloth ; 280 pages , $ 61 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics the book examines the formal characterization of multiple association from the perspective of a declarative constraint-based phonological framework . both the autosegmental and constraint-based aspects of the book are highly relevant to recent developments in phonological theory , predating the current interest in constraint interaction and optimization . inspired by the empirical and formal success of unification - based grammars , all phonological rules and representations are interpreted as hard constraints on well-formedness . in general then , constraints are simply conjoined , and faithfulness to the lexical entry is obligatory . alternations arise from underspecification . the multiple sequenced tiers of autosegmental phonology are shown to be redundant , and linear order is limited to the root tier . association is then defined as the inverse of dominance within the feature geometry , so multiple association is co-dominance of a feature by two roots . the no crossing constraint is not applicable since non-root features are not on sequenced tiers , and the sharing constraint is introduced instead as the key means of forcing locality on co-dominance : it bans co-dominance by non - adjacent roots . thus , because features and association lines are indestructible , the key autosegmental properties of integrity and inalterability are predicted to occur . long distance dependencies are then considered . from the perspective of structural integrity , discontinuous geminates in planar morphologies are more like fake geminates than true geminates , which is predicted by the sharing constraint . only a tiny amount of nontonal data can be presented in favor of non-local multiple association which feeds phonological rules : chaha displays non-local inalterability and javanese , the opposite ( side-effects ) . thus the balance of evidence is against a single mechanism uniting local and non-local multiple association . phonology daniel silverman ; phasing and recoverability ; 0-8153 - 2876 - 1 , cloth ; 256 pages , $ 56 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this phonological study investigates the articulatory timing ( """""""" phasing """""""" ) relationships that render acoustic cues optimally recoverable by the listener , and the strong tendency for languages to allow sub-optimal timing patterns only if they allow optimal ones . the primary area of focus is the otomanguean language group of oaxaca , mexico and neighboring states , which possesses """""""" laryngeally complex """""""" vowels , a typologically unusual pattern in which tone and non-modal phonatory settings ( breathiness , creakiness ) cross-classify . the laryngeally complex vowels of jalapa mazatec , comaltepec , chinantec , and copala trique are studied in depth . also explored are the phasing relations between obstruents and laryngeals , and sonorants and laryngeals , including phonological analyses from such diverse groups as mon - khmer , tibeto - burman , and nilotic , among others . throughout the investigation , findings from a number of relevant disciplines aerodynamics , acoustics , audition are applied to the sound patterns in an effort not only to describe them in phonetic detail , but also to explain their phonological and typological behavior . ( ph . d . dissertation , university of california - los angeles , 1995 ; revised with new bibliography and index ) phonology burquest , donald a . , author ; phonological analysis : a functional approach ; pb ; isbn : 1-55671 - 067 - 4 ; x + 314 pp . , 1998 , 2nd ed . , $ 29 . 00 . summer institute of linguistics . human language is a remarkable phenomenon . its study continues to be a source of fascination and delight . dr . donald burquest , professor of linguistics at the university of texas at arlington , developed this foundational textbook during years of helping students overcome the feelings of dismay that new phonology students experience when confronted by a mass of raw phonetic data . while working through the material , the student is led through the steps of organizing data and is introduced to particular theories for later in-depth specialization . the author expands on the previous edition of this text by adding introductions to autosegmental phonology and metrical phonology . he has also included a series of problems at the end of most chapters that provide an opportunity for the student to apply the information in that chapter . this textbook is intended for use in an upper division introductory course in phonology , preparing the student to further study aspects of current theory .
  """",0
  1931,""""Subject: 2nd call , tls 1999
   
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - second call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - announcing the 1999 conference of the texas linguistics society perspectives on argument structure to be held at the university of texas at austin , march 5 - 7 , 1999 . keynote speakers : beth levin ( northwestern university ) james pustejovsky ( brandeis university ) michael tanenhaus ( university of rochester ) deadline for receipt of abstracts : october 16 , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - abstracts are invited for 30 - minute talks ( with 10 additional minutes for discussion ) . issues of argument structure have proven to be of long-standing interest within diverse subfields of linguistics . the intent of this conference is to bring together researchers working on argument structure from different perspectives . in keeping with this idea , presentations that address argument structure from the perspective of formal syntax or semantics are encouraged , as well as those that take psycholinguistic , computational or other approaches . potential topics include , but are not limited to : * theories of linking ; relating argument structure to syntactic structure * accounts of case assigment * lexical conceptual semantics and argument structure * computational implementation & models of argument structure or linking * syntax / semantic interface and language acquisition * acquisition of argument structure * language processing of argument structure , subcategorization or lexical / conceptual structure abstracts must be no more than on 8 . 5 """""""" by 11 """""""" page , single spaced and in at least 12 - point type ( 10 - point for examples ) , with one-inch margin on all sides . one additional page with references , diagrams and data ( no text ) may be appended , if necessary . all submissions must include the following : * six anonymous copies of the abstract * one 3 """""""" x5 """""""" card with name , affiliation , address , phone number , e-mail and title of paper deadline for receipt of abstracts is october 16 , 1998 . send abstracts to : tls abstract committee calhoun 501 , b5100 the university of texas at austin austin , tx 78712 abstracts received after the deadline will not be considered . fax submissions will not be accepted . instructions for text-only e-mail submissions are available by request . an individual may submit at most one single and one co-authored paper . authors whose abstracts are accepted will be notified in mid - december , 1998 . presenters who wish to have their papers included in the conference proceedings must submit a camera ready copy by may 15 , 1999 . proceedings will be published by the texas linguistics forum . conference pre-registration is $ 15 . 00 ( us ) for students , $ 25 . 00 for non-students . for more information , e-mail tls @ uts . cc . utexas . edu or visit the conference website at http : / / uts . cc . utexas . edu / ~ tls /
  """",0
  1932,""""Subject: 13th paclic
   
   the 13th pacific asia conference on language , information and computation february 10-12 , 1999 the grand hotel , taipei , taiwan , r . o . c . second call for papers the department of computer science and information engineering , national cheng kung university , is pleased to announce that the 13th pacific asia conference on language , information and computation ( paclic 13 ) will be held in the grand hotel , taipei , taiwan , r . o . c . , on february 10-12 , 1999 . scope : the conference is an annual meeting of scholars with a wide range of interest in theoretical and computational linguistics . papers are invited on substantial , original , and unpublished research on all aspects of theoretical and computational linguistics , including , but not limited to the following . 1 . syntax 2 . corpus linguistics 3 . phonology 4 . natural language processing 5 . pragmatics 6 . semantics 7 . computer applications 8 . discourse and dialogue analysis 9 . morphology 10 . formal grammar theory paper submission : four hard-copies of a preliminary version of a full paper ( maximum 25 letter - or a4 - sized pages , double spaced throughout ) should be sent to the following address . the first page of the submitted paper should bear the following information : the title of the paper , the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliations , mailing address , and email address for correspondence . chung - hsien wu department of computer science and information engineering , national cheng kung university tainan , taiwan , r . o . c . email : chwu @ server2 . iie . ncku . edu . tw fax : 886 - 6-2746867 important dates : preliminary paper submission due : october 10 , 1998 notification of acceptance : november 25 , 1998 camera - ready copy due : january 5 , 1999 conference chairs chairman jhing - fa wang national cheng kung university , taiwan email : wangjf @ server2 . iie . ncku . edu . tw co - chairmen kim teng lua national university of singapore benjamin k . t 's ou city university of hong kong young - hern lee korean society for language and information , korea akira ikeya tokyo gakuen university , japan lin - shan lee academia sinica , taiwan program chairs chairman chung - hsien wu national cheng kung university , taiwan co - chairman jen - tzung chien national cheng kung university , taiwan program committee ozeki kakazuhiko , japan matsumoto yuji , japan kawamori masahito , japan kanazawa makoto , japan igarashi yoshiyuki , japan suk - jin chang , korea jaewoong choe , korea chungmin lee , korea ik - hwan lee , korea byung - soo park , korea lai bong yeung tom , hong kong samuel w . k . chan , hong kong jin guo , singapore jie xu , singapore hai zhou li , singapore one - soon her , taiwan zhao - ming gao , taiwan hsue - hueh hsu , taiwan charces c . lee , taiwan chu - ren huang , taiwan http : / / www . csie . ncku . edu . tw / paclic13
  """",0
  1933,""""Subject: table of contents glot international 3 - 5
   
   table of contents of glot international , vol . 3 , issue 5 editors : lisa l . s . cheng and rint sybesma < mail to : glot @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl > < http : / / www . hag . nl / glot . htm > interview with james mccawley : """""""" what 's right about x - bar syntax is the x and the bar . what 's wrong is everything else ! """""""" state - of-the - article : marc van oostendorp : """""""" schwa in phonological theory """""""" """""""" in general it seems that the requirements on schwa syllables are much stronger than those on syllables headed by other vowels . """""""" column : neil smith writes on """""""" acquired whining """""""" """""""" to return at the end to woody allen , it is clear that the quotation i started with was inspired by his admiration for chomsky . """""""" dissertations : """""""" the syntax of past participles . a generative study of nonfinite constructions in ancient and modern italian """""""" by verner egerland ( lund 1996 ) reviewed by yves d ' hulst """""""" direct object scrambling in dutch and italian child language """""""" by jeannette schaeffer ( ucla 1997 ) reviewed by astrid ferdinand books : """""""" base rules phonetically """""""" by joan mascar reviewing """""""" grounded phonology """""""" by diana archangeli and douglas pulleyblank ( mit press 1994 ) goodies : """""""" signal analysis and digital signals """""""" by stefan frisch reviewing """""""" winsal - v """""""" , by ingolf franke conference reports : glow special : reports glow hyderabad , india , january 20-23 ( by georges tsoulas ) glow tilburg , april 15-18 , including the workshops ( by ileana paul , marc van oostendorp , and jan - wouter zwart ) interview with henk van riemsdijk ( by lisa cheng and rint sybesma ) : """""""" we ' re a great field , but it is small and in considerable danger . """""""" console 6 , december 15-17 , university of lisbon ( by joo costa ) the number of death a linguistic mystery in eight installments by chris sidney tappan chapter 4 . towards some hypotheses rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
  """",0
  1934,""""Subject: new book : atomism and binding
   
   atomism and binding edited by hans bennis , pierre pica and johan rooryck the state of the art in binding : everything on reference , coreference , nonreference and disjoint reference , and more on boundedness and freedom . the sixteen papers in this new volume provide a representative overview of the broad range of issues relevant to the study of binding phenomena in the generative framework . since the inception of the theoretical interest in co-referential relations in generative grammar , there has been a debate with respect to the question as to whether and how ( co ) - reference should be represented in the grammar . notions such as """""""" ( co ) - indexation """""""" , """""""" disjoint reference """""""" , """""""" free """""""" and """""""" bound """""""" play an important role in this discussion . their relevance is explicitly analyzed in many articles of this volume . the role of thematic information in binding theory constitutes another important line of inquiry elaborated on in this book . various contributors to this volume argue that thematic information largely influences binding phenomena , although the specific proposals expressing this relation differ quite substantially . another issue pursued here is related to the discussion whether binding theory is a component of sentence grammar . many papers address this issue quite explicitly and delineate the respective roles of sentence and discourse grammar in novel and intriguing ways . the volume contains the following contributions : stephen berman & arild hestvik : """""""" split antecedents , noncoreference and drt """""""" ; george aaron broadwell : """""""" binding theory and switch-reference """""""" ; hamida demirdache : """""""" condition c """""""" ; robert fiengo & robert may : """""""" the semantic significance of syntactic identity """""""" ; zygmunt frajzyngier : """""""" pronouns and agreement : systems interaction in the coding of reference """""""" ; robert freidin : """""""" binding theory on minimalist assumptions """""""" ; jeff gruber : """""""" a configurational approach to thematic binding """""""" ; james higginbotham : """""""" a plea for implicit anaphors """""""" ; hajime hoji : """""""" sloppy identity and principle b """""""" ; jan koster : """""""" anaphora and the uniformity of grammar """""""" ; howard lasnik : """""""" levels of representation and the elements of anaphora """""""" ; seth minkoff : """""""" on the syntax of local and logophoric control """""""" ; gertjan postma : """""""" logical entailment and the possessive nature of reflexive pronouns """""""" ; eric reuland & sigridur sigurjonsdottir : """""""" long distance ' binding ' in icelandic : syntax or discourse ? """""""" ; ken safir : """""""" symmetry and unity in the theory of anaphora """""""" ; christopher tancredi : """""""" pronouns and perspectives """""""" . and a very informative introduction by the editors . xx + 412 pp . isbn 90 6765 535 x . paperback . price : nlg 61 , 32 ( excl . vat and p&p ) holland academic graphics , the hague < http : / / www . hag . nl > rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
  """",0
  1935,""""Subject: available for review : semantics , pragmatics , syntax
   
   the three books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org note : please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not provide a link or url to an online cv or homepage - - these will be ignored . please also provide a surface address for us to send the book to . semantics carpenter , bob ( 1997 ) type - logical semantics . mit press , cambridge ma based on an introductory course on nl semantics , this book presents type-logical grammar and the range fo linguistic phenomena that can be handled in categorial grammar . semantics and syntax forget et al . ( 1998 ) negation and polarity . john benjamins pub . co . semantics : bayer , samuel ( 1997 ) confessions of a lapsed neogrammarian . events and arguments in compositional semantics . garland press . pragmatics : reboul , anne and jacquess moeschler ( 1998 ) pragmatique du discours : de l ' interpretation de l ' enonce a l ' interpretation du discours . armand colin , paris
  """",0
  1936,""""Subject: available for review : syntax and morphology
   
   the two books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org note : please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not provide a link or url to an online cv or homepage - - these will be ignored . please also provide a surface address for us to send the book to . syntax cheng , lisa lai - shen ( 1997 ) on the typology of wh - questions . garland press : ny syntax and morphology josefsson , gunlog ( 1998 ) minimal words in a minimal syntax : word formation in swedish . john benjamins : ny .
  """",0
  1937,""""Subject: congress on storage & computation in linguistics 1998
   
   in this message we ask your attention for the utrecht congress on storage and computation in linguistics , organized october 19th - october 21st 1998 ( monday through wednesday ) by the utrecht institute of linguistic ots , at the occasion of its 10th anniversary . keynote speaker is ray jackendoff ( what 's in the lexicon ? ) . other invited speakers are : frans zwarts ( negation , temporal connectives and nonveridicality ) , ed keenan & ed stabler ( language invariance and language learnability ) , jan koster ( the uniformity of grammar ) , john ohala ( on the origin of the processes creating phonological varaints ) , geert booij ( lexical storage and phonological change ) , harald clahsen ( storage and computation of language in children with williams syndrome ) , steven gillis ( the acquisition of metrical phonology : computational learning experiments with ( out ) parameters , nicholas asher ( discourse parsing and interpretation ) , frans van eemeren ( rhetorical analysis within a dialectical framework ) , sally thomason ( competition and rule creation in language variation and change ) , and pieter muysken ( accommodation strategies in language contact ) . also there will be an evening lecture on monday evening , october 19th , by : steve pinker """""""" words and rules """""""" . this evening lecture will also be open to non-participants from uil ots and from the national graduate school of linguistics lot , in so far as there sufficient places . besides the invited lectures there are 19 oral presentations of selected papers , and 24 poster presentations . as of september 7th , a full congress programme and registration form can be found on the internet http : / / www-uilots . let . uu . nl / conferences / sc _ home . htm or can be obtained from our secretariate . note that registration is necessary also for participants from uil ots and lot , and that the registration fee will be considerably higher after october 1st . thus , on-site registration is possible , but will be relatively costly . programme for the utrecht congress on storage & computation in linguistics 1998 organized by the utrecht institute of linguistics ots on the occasion of its 10th anniversary october 19th - october 21st , 1998 20 . 00 informal drinks and registration 08 . 30 - 09 . 30 coffee and registration 09 . 30 - 09 . 45 welcome and opening riet schenkeveld - van der dussen , dean of the faculty of arts eric reuland , director of the uil ots 09 . 45 - 11 . 45 theme 1 : the architecture of the language faculty : storage and computation 09 . 45 - 10 . 30 ray jackendoff ( keynote lecture ) what 's in the lexicon ? 10 . 30 - 10 . 45 discussion 10 . 45 - 11 . 30 frans zwarts negation , temporal connectives , and nonveridicality 11 . 30 - 11 . 45 discussion 11 . 45 - 12 . 15 coffee break 12 . 25 - 13 . 25 posters m . becker the acquisition of language with complex heads a . evers & j . van kampen three types of delay in language acquisition j . dalalakis recall or computation ? level - ordering skills of greek specifically-language - impaired individuals i . kappa on the acquisition of fricatives in modern greek s . powers computing complexity in child grammar m . sharwood - smith dr . watson 's problem : on modular interactions in the second language acquirer d . ravid , h . abu - nofel & r . huri in the presence of multiple cues : learning to inflect plural adjectives in palestinian arabic n . ritter predicting the growth of phonological complexity in a cognitive-based computational model 13 . 25 - 14 . 30 lunch 14 . 30 - 15 . 50 theme 2 : grammar design 14 . 30 - 15 . 00 ed keenan & ed stabler language invariants and language learnability 15 . 00 - 15 . 10 discussion 15 . 10 - 15 . 40 jan koster the uniformity of grammar 15 . 40 - 15 . 50 discussion 15 . 50 - 16 . 20 coffee break 16 . 20 - 18 . 00 selected papers 16 . 20 - 16 . 45 h . jacobs child language and decreolization : computability and multiple storage 16 . 45 - 17 . 10 b . hohle & j . weissenborn the processing of closed-class elements in preverbal children : on the structure of children 's early lexical representations 17 . 10 - 17 . 35 l . lagerwerf inferences with causal connectives 17 . 35 - 18 . 00 b . warren & b . erman prefabs and word retrievals evening lecture place : aula , academiegebouw , domplein 29 20 . 30 steve pinker words and rules 08 . 30 - 09 . 50 theme 3 : language change 08 . 30 - 09 . 00 john ohala on the origin of the processes creating phonological variants 09 . 00 - 09 . 10 discussion 09 . 10 - 09 . 40 geert booij lexical storage and phonological change 09 . 40 - 09 . 50 discussion 09 . 50 - 10 . 20 coffee break 10 . 20 - 12 . 00 selected papers 10 . 20 - 10 . 45 j . lidz , l . gleitman & h gleitman the neighborhood effect 10 . 45 - 11 . 10 h . baayen & r . schreuder the balance of storage and computation in the mental lexicon : the case of morphological processing in language comprehension 11 . 10 - 11 . 35 a . laubstein blends as sublexical substitution errors 11 . 35 - 12 . 00 th . pollman & c . jansen the pragmatics of numerical expressions 12 . 10 - 13 . 10 posters j . treffers - daller borrowing and shift-induced interference : contrasting patterns in french - germanic contact in brussels and strasbourg j . mateu i fontanals on the irrelevance of conceptual content to the syntax - semantics interface i . draskovic & j . pustejovsky adjective - noun modifications : yellow tables , interesting books , and fast cars d . janssen the relativity of storage versus computation in producing language e . clark the net gain of neural nets : toward a more precise representation of universal grammar m . carmelita dias , v . quental & l . sanchez garcia a modular approach to lexicon j . weissenborn , b . hohle , d . kiefer & d . cavar the principle of economic conservatism : a constraint on children 's early syntactic operations d . leblanc competing lexical configurations : explaining patterns of child null subject and root infinitive use 13 . 10 - 14 . 30 lunch 14 . 30 - 15 . 50 theme 4 : language acquisition 14 . 30 - 15 . 00 harald clahsen storage and computation of language in children with williams syndrome 15 . 00 - 15 . 10 discussion 15 . 10 - 15 . 40 steven gillis the acquisition of metrical phonology : computational learning experiments with ( out ) parameters 15 . 40 - 15 . 50 discussion 15 . 50 - 16 . 20 coffee break 16 . 20 - 18 . 00 selected papers 16 . 20 - 16 . 45 : i . lasser language variation as cross-module links 16 . 45 - 17 . 10 : m . pinango , e . zurif & r . jackendoff aspectual coercion as on-line semantic computation : psycholinguistic and neuroanatomical evidence 17 . 10 - 17 . 35 : e . kaan , a . harris , e . gibson & ph . holcomb a brain wave component reflecting computation in language processing 17 . 35 - 18 . 00 : w . daelemans , a . van den bosch , j . veenstra & j . zavrel memory - based models of language processing 20 . 00congress diner 08 . 30 - 09 . 50 theme 5 : discourse analysis 08 . 30 - 09 . 00 nicholas asher discourse parsing and interpretation 09 . 00 - 09 . 10 discussion 09 . 10 - 09 . 40 frans van eemeren rhetorical analysis within a dialectical framework 09 . 40 - 09 . 50 discussion 09 . 50 - 10 . 20 coffee break 10 . 20 - 12 . 00 selected papers 10 . 20 - 10 . 45 j . schilperoord & a . verhagen storage and computation : a view from language production 10 . 45 - 11 . 10 s . grondelaers & m . brysbaert the interaction of storage and computation in the mental lexicon : the case of morphological processing in language comprehension 11 . 10 - 11 . 35 a . kilgariff the generative lexicon and the nunbergian lexicon 11 . 35 - 12 . 00 j . van der does & h . de hoop word - order variation and type-shifting 12 . 10 - 13 . 10 posters p . royle , g . jarema & e . kehayia visual word access in developmentally language impaired francophones r . slabakova aspectual constraints in the mental lexicon of bulgarian speakers l . stowe , r . withaar , a . wijers & a . paans the localization in the brain of cognitive functions involved in sentence processing r . varley & s . whiteside whole word storage in speech production : evidence from normal speakers and speakers with acquired apraxia of speech b . kennelly quantification / aspect interface m . penke , m . krause & u . janssen storage and computation in german participle formation : evidence from language disorders y . tobin monosemy and iconicity as underlying holistic mnemonic devices in language structure m . vilares ferro , d . cabrero souto & m . alonso pardo exploring parsing efficiency in computational linguistics 13 . 10 - 14 . 30 lunch 14 . 30 - 15 . 45 selected papers 14 . 30 - 14 . 55 p . ackema , a . neeleman competition between syntax and morphology 14 . 55 - 15 . 20 j . mateu i fontanals , l . amadas i simon & m . pascual i pou on the lexical syntax of ' constructional idioms ' 15 . 20 - 15 . 45 n . olsthoorn & g . kempen the cognitive architecture of grammatical encoding and decoding : an experimental test of the single-processor hypothesis 15 . 45 - 16 . 15 coffee break 16 . 15 - 17 . 35 theme 6 : language variation 16 . 15 - 16 . 45 sally thomason competition and rule creation in language variation and change 16 . 45 - 16 . 55 discussion 16 . 55 - 17 . 25 pieter muysken accommodation strategies in language contact 17 . 25 - 17 . 35 discussion 17 . 35 - 18 . 00 closing statement sunday october 18th place : michaelskapel , domtower , domplein monday october 19th place : drift 21 , room 0 . 32 & main hall tuesday october 20th place : drift 21 , room 0 . 32 & main hall wednesday october 21st place : drift 21 , room 0 . 32 & main hall _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ utrecht institute of linguistics ots uil ots please note ! the e-mail address changed to uil-ots @ let . uu . nl voice : # 31 ( 0 ) 30-2536006 fax : # 31 ( 0 ) 30-2536000 postal adress : trans 10 , 3512 jk , utrecht , the netherlands _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",0
  1938,""""Subject: universal grammar , ling anthropology
   
   lang acquisition ( universal grammar ) investigations in universal grammar : a guide to experiments on the acquisition of syntax and semantics stephen crain and rosalind thornton this introductory guide to language acquisition research is presented within the framework of universal grammar , a theory of the human faculty for language . the authors focus on two experimental techniques for assessing children 's linguistic competence : the elicited production task , a production task , and the truth value judgment task , a comprehension task . their methodologies are designed to overcome the numerous obstacles to empirical investigation of children 's language competence . they produce research results that are more reproducible and less likely to be dismissed as an artifact of improper experimental procedure . in the first section of the book , the authors examine the fundamental assumptions that guide research in this area ; they present both a theory of linguistic competence and a model of language processing . in the following two sections , they discuss in detail their two experimental techniques . stephen crain is professor of linguistics and rosalind thornton is assistant professor of linguistics , both at the university of maryland at college park . language , speech , and communication series a bradford book may 1998 $ 55 . 00 cloth 7 x 10 , 368 pp . , 46 illus . isbn 0-262 - 03250 - 3 for more information please visit http : / / mitpress . mit . edu / promotions / books / craihs98 linguistic anthropology linguistic anthropology alessandro duranti ( u . of california , los angeles ) isbn : 0-521 - 44536 - 1 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 420 pp . ; pub . date : 8 / 30 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 64 . 95 ; alessandro duranti introduces linguistic anthropology as an interdisciplinary field that studies language as a cultural resource and speaking as a cultural practice . the theories and methods of linguistic anthropology are introduced through a discussion of linguistic diversity , grammar in use , the role of speaking in social interaction , the organization and meaning of conversational structures , and the notion of participation as a unit of analysis . linguistic anthropology will appeal to undergraduate and graduate students . contents : 1 . the scope of linguistic anthropology ; 2 . theories of culture ; 3 . linguistic diversity ; 4 . ethnographic methods ; 5 . transcription : from writing to digitized images ; 6 . meaning in linguistic forms ; 7 . speaking as social action ; 8 . conversational ex ! changes ; 9 . units of participation ; 10 . conclusions ; appendix : practical tips on recording interaction ; references ; indexes order info : www . cup . org / order . html
  """",0
  1939,""""Subject: books : pidgins & creoles , oceanic ling
   
   pidgins and creoles muehlhausler , peter , ed . papers in pidgin and creole linguistics no . 5 1998 , isbn 0 85883 474 x , v + 213pp . softcover . ( in press ) a $ 41 . 40 pacific linguistics catalogue number , a-91 . key words : pidgins and creoles ; lexicology ; pitcairn ; bislama ; western australia . this volume brings together lexicographic and sociolinguistic descriptions of some of the less well-documented pidgins , creoles and contact languages of the pacific region , adding many important details to current knowledge . for more information , contact : pacific linguistics http : / / coombs . anu . edu . au / depts / rspas / ling / pl / pageone . html oceanic ling tent , jan and france mugler , sicol proceedings of the second international conference on oceanic linguistics : vol . 1 , language contact 1998 , isbn 0 85883 448 x , ix + 146pp . softcover . a $ 36 . 25 pacific linguistics catalogue number , c-141 . key words : language contact ; creoles ; pidgins . this volume contains most of the papers presented at the second international conference on oceanic linguistics session on language contact . the papers range far afield , but the bulk are about the pacific and in particular melanesia , the part of the region with the greatest linguistic diversity and a rich history of language contact . the topics relate to : fiji hindi ( david arms ) , the tayo language of new caledonia ( chris core ) , belizean creole ( genevieve escure ) , singapore colloquial english ( anthea fraser gupta ) , french antillean creoles ( william jennings ) , melanesian pidgins and creole ( ernest w . lee ) , bislama ( miriam meyerhoff ) , south indian languages in fiji ( france mugler ) , language use and attitudes in fiji ( france mugler and jan tent ) , and the language of adolescent first language tok pisin speakers ( geoff p . smith ) . for more information , contact : pacific linguistics http : / / coombs . anu . edu . au / depts / rspas / ling / pl / pageone . html
  """",0
  1940,""""Subject: book : phonetics ( intonation )
   
   phonetics intonation ( second edition ) alan cruttenden ( university of manchester , uk ) isbn : 0-521 - 59182 - 1 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 218 pp . ; pub . date : 8 / 30 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 59 . 95 ; when published in 1986 , this book was the first to survey intonation in all its aspects , both in english and universally . in this updated edition , while the basic descriptive facts of the form and use of intonation are presented in the british nuclear tone tradition , there is nevertheless extensive comparison with other theoretical frameworks , in particular with the tobi framework , which has become widespread in the united states . the author has expanded the sections on historical background , different theoretical approaches and sociolinguistic variation . intonation remains a basic reference book for linguists , phoneticians , speech therapists and all those concerned with speech in any way . ; contents : 1 . preliminaries ; 2 . stress , accent , and rhythm ; 3 . the forms of intonation ; 4 . the fun ! ctions of intonation ; 5 . comparative intonation ; 6 . conspectus ; references ; subject index ; author index . ; order info : www . cup . org / order . html
  """",0
  1941,""""Subject: re : teflin98
   
   t e f l i n the association of teachers of english as a foreign language in indonesia a call for papers and an invitation to participate ( update ) international teflin seminar 1998 ( the 46th teflin seminar ) toward english for global communication : teachers as agents of change bandungan , semarang november 9th - 12th 1998 aims * sharing new ideas in response to current demands for english as a means of global communication * fostering communication among efl teachers in indonesia and overseas * raising awareness of being professionals , not ' just ' english teachers topic areas * genres for global communication : from literature to the internet * inter cultural communication * developing communicative elt materials * related research reports types of presentation * plenary papers ( 60 minutes plus 30 minutes for questions ) * papers for parallel sessions ( 45 minutes plus 15 minutes for questions ) * workshop ( 90 minutes ) proposals the teflin organisers invite english language teachers and educators to submit typed-abstracts of approximately 100 words . the deadline for receipt of abstracts is september 30th 1998 . please use the enclosed proposal form and send it to the address shown speakers a number of presenters who have confirmed so far include : 1 . dr . jack richards ( will give three presentations ) 2 . dr . julia to dutka ( director of toefl , princeton . usa ) 3 . dr . k . m . jenson ( usis jakarta ) 4 . a / prof peter collins ( new south wales university , sydney ) 5 . dr . gillian perrett ( head of tefl , sydney university ) and many more . apparently this year 's teflin seminar has attracted participants from all over the world such as uk , usa , australia , india , japan , korea , taiwan , thailand , malaysia , singapore , morocco , argentina etc . therefore , the 46th teflin seminar is no longer a national seminar but an international one . venue the seminar will be held in two adjacent hotels in bandungan , at the foot of ungaran mountain , 30 minutes drive south of semarang . the hotels have several restaurants , swimming pools , and tennis courts with splendid view . horse riding facilities can be found around the hotels and a traditional market selling local fruits , vegetables etc . is within walking distance . conference fee the registration fee is rp . 30 . 000 and us $ 25 for non - indonesian citizen . due to the limited number of rooms each hotel has , participants will be accommodated at two different hotels with different rates . these rates cover full board accommodation for three nights including 20 % government and service taxes and a copy of teflin journal . payment should be made to our account : bank rakyat indonesia , semarang - pattimura , cabang sampangan . account name : teflin 98 account number : 33-20 - 8888 a . nugraha wisata hotel ( with swimming pools and restaurant ) single occupancy rp . 450 . 000 shared rp . 250 . 000 ( please note that a fee of rp . 17 . 500 per day will be charged if you choose a suite room . ) b . rawa pening """""""" eltricia """""""" ( with swimming pools , restaurants and tennis courts ) shared rp . 190 . 000 note : non - indonesian citizen : us $ 50 please note that elika retreat house mentioned in the first circular is no longer available . we apologise for the inconveniences caused . transport a bus will leave the ikip semarang kelut campus ( auditorium gate on jl kelut raya ) on monday , november 9th 1998 at 2 : 00 pm . sharp . if you wish to book a seat , please contact laurentius e . nugraha at the addresses shown below . the bus will depart from bandungan on thursday , november 12th at 2 : 00 pm . to return participants to semarang . public transport ( """""""" bus nasima """""""" ) is also available from the semarang bus terminal to the hotels in bandungan . enquiries : helena i . r . agustien ( chairperson ) or laurentius e . nugraha ( contact person ) email : lnugraha @ indosat . net . id tel & fax : ( 024 ) 471061 address : gombel permai v / 105 , semarang 50261 if you wish to take a taxi from """""""" a . yani """""""" semarang airport to bandungan , please tell the driver to take you to the hotel ( s ) which is located right at the opposite of the famous """""""" tahu bandungan """""""" ( bandungan home-made tofu ) . registration ( closing october 15th 1998 ) name and title : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ position : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ institution : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tel / fax / e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ preferred name for the teflin tag : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ accommodation ( please indicate by putting a * sign after your choice ) 1 nugraha wisata hotel 2 rawa pening """""""" eltricia """""""" ( to ensure that you will have your preferred accommodation , please register as soon as possible . room assignment will be on first registered first served basis ) payment ( please indicate by putting a * sign after your choice ) 1 . cash 2 . transfer participation : i wish to ( please indicate by putting a * sign after your choice ) 1 . present a paper 2 . lead a workshop 3 . attend as a participant special requirements : 1 . ohp 2 video player 3 . co presenting with ( name and institution ) abstract ( please submit your abstract by september 30th to the address indicated above )
  """",0
  1942,""""Subject: feminist conference : call for papers
   
   we are pleased to inform you that the center for studies and research on women which is affiliated to the faculty of letters and humanities dhar el mehraz , fes , morocco , is organizing an international conference on 8 , 9 , and 10 april 1999 on the following theme : feminist mouvements : origins and orientations current academic research on women has acquired a significant place in the field of knowledge . as a scientific discipline , it has largely contributed to theoretical elaborations . these elaborations , however , cannot be fully appreciated except in a framework that enhances the origins and orientations of feminist movements which have initiated and developed research studies on women . through the theme of this conference we aim to place the problem of origins and orientations of feminist movements in a context wide but specific enough to foster a real understanding of these movements at a universal scale . with this aim in mind , the conference will address the following issues , related to the historical , cultural , social , legal and ideological dimensions : 1 . the historical and cultural conditions which have crystallised into feminist movements worldwide ; 2 . the cultural and civilisational origins which have characterised these movements since their inception ; 3 . the nature of interaction between western feminist movements and their arab counterparts ; 4 . the intellectual orientations behind the evolution of feminist movements throughout the world . 5 . futurist views on feminist movements abstracts may be in english , french or arabic . deadline for receiving abstracts : november 30th , 1998 . the university will pay for board and lodging of the participants . abstracts may be sent by e-mail , fax , or surface mail to : fatima sadiqi department of english faculte des lettres dhar el mehraz b . p . 50 fes 30000 morocco fax : + 212 + 5 64 08 44 e-mail : < sadiqi @ fesnet . net . ma > telephone : + 212 + 5 61 09 10
  """",0
  1943,""""Subject: eurogp ' 99
   
   call for papers eurogp ' 99 second european workshop on genetic programming goteborg , 26-27 may , 1999 genetic programming ( gp ) is a new branch of evolutionary computation in which the structures in the population being evolved are computer programs . gp has been applied successfully to a large number of difficult problems like automatic design , pattern recognition , robotic control , synthesis of neural networks , symbolic regression , music and picture generation , etc . eurogp ' 99 is the biggest event entirely devoted to genetic programming to be held in europe , the second of its kind after eurogp ' 98 which took place this year in paris . the aims are to give european and non - european researchers in the area of genetic programming as well as people from industry an opportunity to present their latest research and discuss current developments and applications . the event will be held at chalmers university of technology in goteborg , sweden . the workshop is sponsored by evonet , the network of excellence in evolutionary computing , and is one of the activities of evogp , the evonet working group on genetic programming . it will be held in conjunction with five other major european events : * evorobot ' 99 , the second european workshop on evolutionary robotics , * evoiasp ' 99 , the first european workshop on evolutionary image analysis and signal processing , * euroectel ' 99 , the first european workshop on evolutionary telecommunications , * evostim ' 99 , the first european workshop on evolutionary sheduling and time-tabling , * evoscondi ' 99 , the first european workshop on evolutionary computation for systems , control and drives industry , topics of interest include , but are not limited to : theoretical developments experimental results on performance and behaviour of gp runs new algorithms , representations and operators novel applications of gp to real-life problems hybrid architectures including gp components comparisons with other machine learning or program-induction techniques new libraries and implementations the workshop will consist of : a tutorial on gp by john koza an invited talk oral and poster sessions with periods for discussion software demos and industrial stands fees : registration fees are still being finalised and will be publicised shortly . registration to eurogp ' 99 will include free non-transferable registration to evorobot ' 99 , evoiasp ' 99 , euroectel ' 99 , evostim ' 99 and evoscondi ' 99 ( and vice versa ) . a reduced registration rate will be available for students . submissions : to submit , send your manuscript ( max length : 10 a4 pages ) to one of the co-chairs , riccardo poli and peter nordin , in postscript ( preferably compressed and uuencoded ) by email ( see addresses below ) not later than december 15 , 1998 . the papers will be peer reviewed by at least two members of the program committee . authors will be notified via email on the results of the review by january 15 , 1999 . the authors of accepted papers will have four weeks to improve their paper on the basis of the reviewers ' comments and will be asked to send a camera ready version of their manuscripts in lncs format ( 12 pages recommended , 15 pages max ) by february 15th , 1999 . the papers accepted will appear in the workshop proceedings , published by springer in the lecture notes in computer science series , which will be available at the workshop . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - organising committee : * riccardo poli , the university of birmingham , uk ( program co-chair ) e-mail : r . poli @ cs . bham . ac . uk * peter nordin , chalmers university of technology , sweden ( program co-chair ) e-mail : nordin @ fy . chalmers . se * terry fogarty , napier university , uk ( publication chair ) e-mail : t . fogarty @ dcs . napier . ac . uk * william b . langdon , the university of birmingham , uk ( publicity chair ) e-mail : w . b . langdon @ cs . bham . ac . uk * mats nordahl chalmers university of technology ( local chair ) email : tfemn @ fy . chalmers . se * kristian lindgren chalmers university of technology ( local chair ) email : frtkl @ fy . chalmers . se programme committee : * lee altenberg , university of hawai ` i at manoa * peter angeline , natural selection , new york , usa * wolfgang banzhaf , university of dortmund , germany * tobias blickle , saarbruecken , germany * marco dorigo , free university of brussels , belgium * gusz eiben , university of leiden , the netherlands * terry fogarty , napier university , uk * james a . foster * frederic gruau , center voor wiskunde en informatica , the netherlands * tom haynes , * hitoshi iba , university of tokyo , japan * w . b . langdon , the university of birmingham , uk * kristian lindgren , chalmers university of technology , sweden * nic mcphee * jean - arcady meyer , ecole normale superieure , france * mats nordahl , chalmers university of technology sweden * peter nordin , chalmers university of technology , sweden * una - may o'reilly , massachusetts institute of technology , usa * riccardo poli , the university of birmingham , uk * conor ryan , university of limerick , ireland * justinian rosca , siemens , usa * marc schoenauer , ecole polytechnique , france * michele sebag , ecole polytechnique , france * terry soule , st . cloud state university , usa * andrea tettamanzi , genetica , italy * marco tomassini , universite de lausanne , switzerland * hans - michael voigt , center for applied computer science , berlin , german * byoung - tak zhang , seoul national university , korea venue : main aula , goteborg university , vasaparken , goteborg directions can be found on the web site of the workshops . information on goteborg the friendly city and soksidor . accommodation : some prices for may 99 are still approximate . breakfast usually included . * maria erikssons pensionat , chalmersgatan 27 , , + 46 31 20 70 30 , 395-595 sek , dorm 200sek-250sek , + 46 31 166463 , distance 100 m * hotel flora , gronsakstorget 2 , + 46 31 13 86 16 , fax + 46 31 13 24 08 , 360-850 sek , hotelflora . ab @ swipnet . se , up to 6 beds in a few rooms , distance 600m * hotel vanilj , kyrkogatan 38 , + 46 31 7116220 , fax : + 46 31 7116230 , info @ vaniljhotel . entersol . se , 595-895 sek , 4 beds 1295 sek , distance 300m * hotel posseidon , storgatan 33 , + 49 31 10 05 50 , fax : + 49 31 13 83 91 , single 890 sek , double 1250 , jige @ algonet . se , distance 200m * hotel mornington , 800 sek , kungsportsavenyn 9 , mornington . hotel-gbg @ wmhotels . se , + 49 31 176540 , fax + 49 31 711 34 39 , distance 200m * hotel excelsior , karl gustavsgatan 7 , + 46 31 17 54 35 , fax + 46 31 17 54 39 , email : hotel . exelisio @ tripnet . se , http : / / www . tripnet / excelsior , 625-792 sek , distance 150m * hotel rubinen kungsportavenyn 24 , + 46 31 81 08 00 , fax + 46 31 167586 , reception . rubinen @ scandic-hotels . se , reservation . rubinen @ scandic-hotels . se , 1295-1965 sek , distance 300m local arrangements : in case help is needed regarding venue and / or accommodation , please contact peter nordin email : nordin @ fy . chalmers . se institute of physical resource theory chalmers university of technology s-412 96 goteborg , sweden timetable : submission deadline : 15 december 1999 notification of acceptance : 15 january 1999 camera ready papers for workshop : 15 february 1999 workshop : 26-27 may 1999 workshop web site : http : / / www . cs . bham . ac . uk / ~ rmp / eebic / eurogp99 contacts : riccardo poli email : r . poli @ cs . bham . ac . uk post : riccardo poli school of computer science the university of birmingham birmingham , b15 2tt , uk tel : + 44-121 - 414-3739 fax : + 44-121 - 414-4281 peter nordin email : nordin @ fy . chalmers . se institute of physical resource theory chalmers university of technology s-412 96 goteborg , sweden + 46 31 607213 , fax + 46 31 607201 w . b . langdon @ cs . bham . ac . uk 8 september 1998
  """",0
  1944,""""Subject: special issue cl journal / finite state methods . . .
   
   please post or distribute call for papers computational linguistics special issue on finite state methods in natural language processing recent years has seen a substantial increase in the use of finite state techniques in many aspects of natural language processing as mature tools for building large scale finite-state systems from various research laboratories and universities become available . this trend was by no means foreseen as late as ten years ago given the well-known demonstration by noam chomsky in 1957 that finite-state methods are inherently incapable of representing the full richness of constructions in a natural language . nevertheless , it is evident now that there are many subsets of natural language that are adequately covered by finite-state means and that there are many other areas where finite-state approximations of more powerful formalisms are of great practical benefit . as a follow-up to the fsmnlp ' 98 , international workshop on finite state methods in natural language processing , it was proposed that a collection of papers in this area be published as a special issue of the computational linguistics journal . we would to encourage authors of the papers presented at this workshop , as well as all others who would like to contribute , to submit full versions of their papers for consideration for this special issue . guest editors : lauri karttunen ( xerox research centre europe , france ) kemal oflazer ( bilkent university , turkey ) guest editorial board eric brill ( johns hopkins university , md , usa ) eva ejerhed ( umea university , sweden ) ronald m . kaplan ( xerox palo alto research center , ca , usa ) martin kay ( xerox palo alto research center , ca , usa ) george kiraz ( bell laboratories , nj , usa ) andrs kornai ( bbn , ma , usa ) mehryar mohri ( at&t labs research , nj , usa ) mark - jan nederhof ( dfki , germany ) atro voutilainen ( university of helsinki , finland ) submission details please submit 6 copies of your hard-copy manuscript to lauri karttunen xerox research centre europe 6 chemin de maupertuis meylan , 38240 , france by monday , october 19 , 1998 . the format of the submission should follow the general submission requirements of the journal . manuscripts for computational linguistics should be submitted on letter-size paper ( 8 . 5 by 11 inches , or a4 ) , double-spaced throughout , including footnotes and references . the paper should begin with an informative abstract of approximately 150-250 words . manuscripts must be written in english .
  """",0
  1945,""""Subject: sposs program
   
   program sposs 24-26 september , la baume - les - aix sounds patterns of spontaneous speech : production and perception _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ thursday 24 10-10 h . 30 welcome , coffee 10h . 30-11 h opening , presentation of the communications 11h - 12h . invited lecture : making sense of the infinite variety of natural speech patterns bjorn lindblom , stockholm and austin university 12h - 13h30 lunch 13h30 - 14h30 invited lecture : the phonetic manifestation of words in spontaneous speech klaus kohler , university of kiel 14h30 - 14h50 effect of emphasis and irritation on jaw opening o . fujimura , d . erickson and b . pardo , the ohio state university 14h50 - 15h10 comparison of aerodymanic and epg data in spoken and spontaneous speech d . demolin , universit libre de bruxelles 15h10 - 15h30 direct and indirect measurement of the articulation of intervocalic stop consonants in french alain soquet , universit libre de bruxelles 15h30 - 16h coffee break 16h - 16h20 distribution and acoustical characteristics of the allophones in french : laboratory / spontaneous speech denis autesserre and michel chafcouloff , lpl , aix en pce 16h20 - 16h40 phonological and phonetic aspects of brazilian portugese a study of / r / variants rgina cruz and lindinalva messias , ufpa , brazil 16h40 - 17h consonant reduction in spontaneous polish speech ryszard gubrynowicz * and pierre durand * * ( sal , warsaw and lpl , aix ) 17h - 17h20 quasi - homorganic v1 # # v2 sequencies in austrian german sylvia moosmller , acoustic research department , wien friday 25 9h - 9h . 20 what is deleted in spontaneous finnish : segmental interaction with word stress , vowel harmony and moras rittaa vlimaa - blum , cnrs ua 1027 , universit de lille 9h20 - 9h40 on - line preaspiration in swedish : implications for historical change ptur helgason , institute of phonetics , stockholm 9h40 - 10h language dependent and independent spontaneous speech phenomena patricia basset and tzu - ting su , ilpga , paris 10h - 10h30 coffee break 10h30 - 10h50 dual - route encoding : a synthesis of acoustic evidence from normal speech s . p . whiteside and r . a . varley , university of sheffield 10h50 - 11h10 consonant sequences in spontaneous french speech danielle duez , lpl , cnrs esa 6057 , aix en provence 11h10 - 12h10 invited lecture : """""""" synchronic variations and diachronic changes : the influence of prosodic structuring """""""" jacqueline vaissire , ilpga , paris 12h10 - 13h . 30 lunch 13h30 - 14h30 invited lecture : the recognition of spoken words with variable representation anne cutler , max planck institute , nijmegen 14h30 - 14h50 lexical access in spontaneous speech : reduced forms prime . . . less e . g . bard , m . l . kelly , and c . sotillo , hcrc , edinburgh 14h50 - 15h10 perception of ' reduced ' forms by non-native speakers of english linda shockey , university of reading 15h10 - 15h30 listening to nonnative language which violates native assimilation rules andrea weber , mpi , nijmegen 15h30 - 16h coffee break 16h - 16h20 extent of context and vowel indentification in speech variation s . m . williams and r . l . diehl , university of texas 16h20 - 16h40 disfluent speech : the transcriber problem r . lickley and e . g . bard , hcrc , edinburgh 16h40 - 17h is hypo-articulation lexically constrained ? c . f . sotillo and e . g . bard , hcrs , edinburgh 17h - 17h20 vowel quality in spontaneous speech : what makes a good vowel ? m . aylett and a . turk , hcrc , edinburgh 20h sposs dinner saturday 26 9h - 9h20 disentangling multiple sources of stress for word segmentation h . bortfeld and j . morgan , brown university 9h20 - 9h40 acoustic - prosodic cues of speech repairs in spontaneous speech shu - chan tseng , university of bielefeld 9h40 - 10h speaker strategies in the use of prosodic means in spontaneous discourse in dutch m . van donzel , f . j . koopmans - van beinum , l . c . w . pols , university of amsterdam 10h - 10h20 global and local characteristics of dutch questions in play-acted and spontanous speech j . haan and v . j . van heuven , nijmegen university and leiden university 10h20 - 10h40 effects of prosodic constraints on the differential lengthening of syllable constituents in french : a comparison between spontaneous and read speech c . astesano , lpl , aix en provence 10h40 - 11h we talk like that meh ? no , lah ! : intonation patterns on discourse particles in spontaneous singapore english lisa lim , university of singapore 11h - 11h30 coffee break 11h30 - 11h50 the use of alisp for automatic acoustic-phonetic transcription j . cernocky , g . baudoin , and g . chollet , tu of brno , esiee and enst 11h50 - 12h10 selection of pronunciation variants in spontaneous speech : comparing the performance of man and machine m . wester , j . m . kessens , c . cucchiarini , and h . strik 12h10 - 13h discussion : achievements and perspectives of research on spontaneous speech
  """",0
  1946,""""Subject: central japan language education ws
   
   the 1998 central japan language education workshop will be held this october at japan advanced institute of science and technology ( jaist ) ishikawa prefe cture , japan . the main theme of the workshop will be new technology and the language class room . further information regarding the workshop can be obtained from the workshop website : http : / / www . jaist . ac . jp / ~ mark / conferencemain . html regards , mark peterson http : / / www . jaist . ac . jp / ~ mark
  """",0
  1947,""""Subject: time map phonology
   
   kluwer academic publishers text , speech and language technology volume 5 series editors : nancy ide and jean veronis time map phonology finite state models and event logics in speech recognition julie carson - berndsen university of bielefeld , germany time map phonology addresses key areas of sound structure at which the two technologies of natural language processing and speech technology are beginning to converge . solutions are presented to the problems of how to process words which have not been heard before and how to develop fine-grained knowledge representation and processing techniques for linguistic units smaller than the word . the solutions are based on a careful comparison of linguistic theories and on the investigation of computational techniques for the next generation of flexible spoken language input and output devices . the approach has been fully implemented for the vocabulary of german and subjected to quantitative evaluation . hardbound , isbn 0-7923 - 4883 - 4 , december 1997 contents - - - - - - - preface . 1 . introduction . 2 . phonology and computation . 3 . finite state techniques in computational phonology . 4 . the event concept in time map phonology . 5 . phonotactic descriptions and their representation . 6 . excursus : constraint - based segmental phonological parsing . 7 . constraint - based phonological parsing : an event - based approach . 8 . silpa . 9 . evaluation . 10 . conclusion . appendix a : sampa phonetic alphabet for german . appendix b : the chomsky hierarchy . appendix c : event - based phonotactic network for german . bibliography . index . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - previous volumes volume 1 : recent advances in parsing technology harry bunt , masaru tomita hardbound , isbn 0-7923 - 4152 - x , 1996 volume 2 : corpus - based methods in language and speech processing steve young , gerrit bloothooft hardbound , isbn 0-7923 - 4463 - 4 , 1997 volume 3 : an introduction to text-to - speech synthesis thierry dutoit hardbound , isbn 0-7923 - 4498 - 7 volume 4 : exploring textual data ludovic lebart , andre salem and lisette berry hardbound , isbn 0-7923 - 4840 - 0 , december 1997 check the series web page for order information : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / kapis / cgi-bin / world / series . htm ? tltb - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  1948,""""Subject: chamito - semitic conference
   
   announcing the 1999 conference on the morpho - syntax of chamito - semitic languages to be held at the university of fez , morocco , march 15-17 , 1999 . deadline for receipt of abstracts : november 30 , 1998 all submissions must comprise : i ) three copies of the abstract and ii ) one card with full name , affiliation , title of the paper , address , fax number and e-mail . the paper abstracts must be at most 2 - pages long ( including examples and references ) . papers will be presented in english , french and arabic . authors whose abstracts are accepted will be notified in mid - january 1999 . the abstract may be sent by surface mail , fax or e-mail to : professor moha ennaji for the generative grammar reseach group ( gergg ) sidi moahmed ben abdellah university faculty of letters , department of english bp 50 fs 30 000 morocco tel : + 212 5 61 09 10 fax : + 212 5 64 08 44 e - mail : ennaji < estry @ fesnet . net . ma > there will be 18 talks in all , each 40 minutes long with an additional 15 minutes for discussion . the university can pay for board and lodging during the conference , but cannot afford to pay for transportation . participants are requested to make their travel arrangements early . as a follow up to this conference , a three-day spring institute will be organized on march 18-20 , 1999 for the benefit of graduate students and researchers . this mini-institute will feature lectures and seminars on minimalist theory and the morphology and syntax of chamito-semitic languages . invited leading scholars in the field will teach a few courses . conference topics and aims the major suggested topics to be discussed during the conference are : - morphology : inflection and derivation paradigms - word order variation - syntactic variation - syntax and semantics - diachronic studies - comparative studies - chamito-semitic languages and universal grammar - minimalist approaches to chamito-semitic languages - the acquisition of morphosyntax chamito - semitic languages have generally been associated with descriptive and diachronic linguistics . they have been described and analyzed at the phonological , morphosyntactic and semantic levels by functional , structural and generative schools of linguistics . today most chamito - semitic studies are inspired by the generative trend . however , in the light of the new developments in the minimalist theory , chamito - semitic languages have been overlooked . the aim of this conference is to discuss new researches in the syntax of chamito - semitic languages within the framework of the latest approaches in generative syntax . the ultimate goal is to establish the parameters of these languages and bring changes and improvements to the minimalist theory on the basis of empirical data . new data and comparative studies are encouraged in order to strengthen or disconfirm the principles of minimalism and ug . this conference will focus on similarities and differences between the various chamito - semitic languages , using the minimalist theoretical framework and empirical knowledge . comparisons between dialects and languages that are genetically related will be made to check parametrization in ug , on the one hand , and to analyze the syntax of these languages on formal grounds . the major aim of this conference , then , is to shed light on the progress made in chamito - semitic morphology and syntax , as well as focus on the data and theoretical perspectives . contributions from related subjects like semantics , language variation and language acquisition will be welcome . hypotheses and predictions will be postulated and tested according to different principles and parameters determined by ug . for further contacts , please e-mail : ennaji < estry @ fesnet . net . ma >
  """",0
  1949,""""Subject: journees de rochebrune 99
   
   2nd and last call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - journes de rochebrune 1999 : rencontres interdisciplinaires sur les systemes complexes naturels et artificiels du 31 janvier 1999 au 6 fevrier 1999 . appel a communications theme des journes 1999 toutes indications disponibles : http : / / www . idiap . ch / ~ glotin / rb99 . html conflits des interpretations et interpretation des conflits le robert definit l ' interpretation comme l ' activite de donner une signification que ce soit aux signes en general ou aux phnomenes . la connaissance que nous avons de cette activite est relativement peu structure au contraire de l ' activite de modelisation qui est specifique quoique dominante dans la science occidentale contemporaine . l ' interpretation peut se comprendre a la fois comme un processus et comme son resultat . elle peut donc etre difficilement separe de sa dynamique d ' elaboration . c ' est pourquoi nous voulons explorer plus precisement le role des conflits et antagonismes dont heraclite disait qu ' ils sont les seuls moteurs d ' evolution . le conflit ne doit pas forcement etre compris dans le sens de la logique classique dans laquelle il est source d ' incoherence ; ni dans le sens etymologique de forces qui se heurtent ce qui rendrait le conflit source de destruction , mais au contraire comme dynamique creatrice une fois placee dans un mecanisme d ' equilibration , possiblement par interpretation du conflit lui-meme . nous souhaitons poser les questions ( non-exhaustives ) suivantes : * le vivant interprete-t - il son environnement et quel sens donner a cette assertion ? entre adn et organisation cellulaire , qu ' en est-il de l ' embryogenese comme hermeneutique du vivant ? * quelle diffrence y a-t - il entre l ' interpretation par le vivant , l ' homme et la machine ? quels modeles en avons-nous et sont-ils conflictuels ? que nous apprend l ' ordinateur comme machine universelle a traiter le signe ? * quel est le role des conflits et antagonismes dans la construction d ' interpretation ? pourquoi les eviter et comment les utiliser ? * comment une interpretation individuelle est-elle possible ou qu ' en est-il de l ' interpretation collective et du role de la multiplicite des points de vue , qu ' ils soient methodologiques , contextuels ou de niveaux , et donc des conflits qui peuvent en resulter ? qu ' en est-il de l ' interpretation comme resolution des conflits et donc moteur d ' evolution ? * si , comme dans la deuxieme definition du greimas ( voir notes ) , les signes sont toujours deja signifiants , comment peuvent-ils avoir ce statut ? qu ' est-ce qui les rend signifiants ? qu ' en est-il de la pensee symbolique des civilisations anciennes ou orientales et qui a ete cultivee chez nous jusqu ' au moyen - age ( g . durand ) ? comment cette forme d ' interpretation s ' articule-t - elle avec les signes decontextualises , jusqu ' a etre calculables et a la conception de l ' interpretation qui en decoule ? * de quels processus de legitimation des interpretations disposons-nous ? quelles relations l ' interpretation entretient-elle avec l ' action ou l ' argumentation que ce soit avant , par ou apres coup ? comment l ' interpretation s ' articule-t - elle a la controverse , la negociation , l ' ajustement ? * puisque la simulation joue un role de plus en plus grand dans l ' activite du modelisateur : comment s ' articulent la simulation et l ' interpretation ? ces questions sont au coeur de la plupart des sciences et plus particulirement la semiotique , l ' hermeneutique , les sciences cognitives et neurosciences , la philosophie , la psychologie , la linguistique et psycholinguistique , l ' intelligence artificielle , l ' anthropologie et la sociologie . elles sous-tendent galement l ' activit scientifique , tant dans la modelisation que dans l ' exprimentation . elles sont inseparables des activites des concepteurs - ingenieurs , informaticiens , architectes . . . - dont les productions proviennent de la resolution de conflits d ' interpretations du monde , et sont soumises des conflits d ' interpretation . notes : selon """""""" semiotique - dictionnaire raisonne de la theorie du langage """""""" de greimas et courts , on distingue au moins deux acceptions de l ' interpretation , l ' interpretation comme attribution de significations des signes qui en sont depourvus et l ' interpretation comme paraphrase ( au sens large ) de signes deja remplis de significations . cette deuxieme acception fait echo au """""""" dictionnaire de la psychanalyse """""""" de laplanche et pontalies qui definit l ' interpretation comme degagement , par l ' investigation analytique , de sens latent dans le dire et les conduites d ' un sujet ; faisant donc reference a la fois au sens deja la et , en plus , sa modalite d ' obtention . soumission des contributions les propositions de communication , de 4 12 pages , devront parvenir en trois exemplaires ou sous forme electronique ( word attache vivement souhaite ) a l ' adresse suivante : christophe parisse , inserm , laboratoire de neuropsychologie de l ' enfant , batiment pharmacie 3eme etage , hopital de la salpetriere , 47 bd de l ' hopital , 75651 paris cedex 13 , france e - mail : parisse @ ext . jussieu . fr dates importantes reception des manuscrits : 31 septembre 1998 notification d ' acceptation : 9 novembre 1998 remise des versions finales : 10 decembre 1998
  """",0
  1950,""""Subject: new book : bolognesi : the phonology of campidanian sardinian
   
   roberto bolognesi , the phonology of campidanian sardinian . a unitary account of a self-organizing structure . the phonology of campidanian sardinian presents a comprehensive description and theoretical account of the phonological system of southern sardinian . in addition to a description of the rich variety of phonological facts of the language , a unitary framework is developed which is based on three existing theories : the dependency - based ap - proach to segmental structure , metrical prosody and optimality theory . major revisions and extensions of the three theories are proposed which lead to a unitary account of an entire phonological system , from the segmental level to the level of higher prosodic constituents . contents : 1 . sociolinguistic introduction 2 . the data 3 . theoretical introduction 4 . a theory of segmental structure 5 . segmental phenomena 6 . a general theory of prosodic structure . 7 . a rhythmic theory of the syllable 8 . syllabification phenomena 9 . language specific contraints 10 . conclusions 1998 . 514 pp . isbn 90 5569 043 0 . paperback . [ hil dissertations 38 . university of amsterdam . ] price for individuals ordering directly from hag : nlg 40 ( excl . p&p and vat ) . holland academic graphics , the hague < http : / / www . hag . nl > rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
  """",0
  1951,""""Subject: new book : van de vijver : the iambic issue .
   
   ruben van de vijver , the iambic issue . iambs as a result of constraint interaction in iambic languages stress on both the first and on the last syllable is avoided ; iambs are not assigned from right to left ; the prototypical iambic foot does not play a role in prosodic morphology . building on optimality theory , van de vijver argues that iambic feet are the result of constraint interaction rather than being building blocks of metrical theory . van de vijver presents detailed analyses of the stress patterns of several carib and yupik languages and shows that the rightheaded feet found on the surface in these languages are the result of the interaction between a constraint which favors leftheaded feet and a constraint which bars both the initial and the final syllable from being stressed . he argues further that iambs can only arise at the left edge of the word and analyzes the stress patterns of several lan - guages which are claimed to have iambs arising at the right edge of the word . one of the conclusions is that the prototypical iamb is never used as a building block in prosodic morphology . contents : 1 . introduction 2 . stress in cariban languages 3 . yupik prosody 4 . only the trochee : stress from right to left 5 . feet in prosodic morphology 6 . summary and conclusions 1998 . 271pp . isbn 90-5569 - 040 - 6 . paperback . [ hil dissertations 37 . vrije universiteit amsterdam . ] price for individuals ordering directly from hag : nlg 40 ( excl . p&p and vat ) . holland academic graphics , the hague < http : / / www . hag . nl > rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
  """",0
  1952,""""Subject: toc : anthropological linguistics , vol . 40 , no . 2
   
   * * anthropological linguistics , volume 40 , number 2 ( summer 1998 ) * * contents symposium on irrealis irrealis in pilaga and toba ? syntactic versus pragmatic coding , alejandra vidal and harriet e . manelis klein irrealis constructions in mocho ( mayan ) , laura martin irrealis and perfect in itzaj maya , charles andrew hofling lake miwok irrealis , catherine a . callaghan is irrealis a grammatical category in upper chehalis ? , m . dale kinkade irrealis as category , meaning , or reference , edward h . bendix """""""" irrealis """""""" as a grammatical category , joan l . bybee _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ automatic componential analysis of kinship semantics with a proposed structural solution to the problem of multiple models , vladimir pericliev and raul e . valdes-perez review essay semitic and indo - european : the principal etymologies , with observations on afro - asiatic ( saul levin ) , carleton t . hodge discussion and debate rejoinder , j . marshall unger book reviews the tongue is fire : south african storytellers and apartheid ( harold scheub ) , robert k . herbert korle meets the sea : a sociolinguistic history of accra ( m . e . kropp dakubu ) , adams bodomo a language of our own : the genesis of michif , the mixed cree - french language of the canadian metis ( peter bakker ) , patrick douaud contactos y transferencias linguisticas en hispanoamerica ( signo y sena : revista del instituto de linguistica 6 ) , yolanda lastra language contact in japan : a socio - linguistic history ( leo j . loveday ) , j . marshall unger aryans and british india ( thomas r . trautmann ) , garland cannon negotiating identity : rhetoric , metaphor , and social drama in northern ireland ( anthony d . buckley and mary catherine kenney ) , steve coleman conceptual structure , discourse , and language ( adele e . goldberg ) , william a . foley speech acts and conversational interaction : toward a theory of conversational competence ( michael l . geis ) , jef verschueren historical syntax in cross - linguistic perspective ( alice c . harris and lyle campbell ) , h . paul manning * * * * * * * annual subscription rates ( for 4 issues ) : $ 30 for u . s . individuals ; $ 38 for non - u . s . individuals ; $ 65 for u . s . institutions ; $ 75 for non - u . s . institutions . payment should be in u . s . funds by check or postal money order made payable to anthropological linguistics . visa and mastercard are also accepted . subscriptions and inquires should be sent to : anthropological linguistics , student building 130 ( c ) , indiana university , bloomington , in 47405 usa ; fax : ( 812 ) 855-7529 ; e-mail : < anthling @ indiana . edu > . for abstracts and more information , visit our website at : < http : / / www . indiana . edu / ~ anthling >
  """",0
  1953,""""Subject: calls : weisgerber colloquium
   
   call for papers special conference on johann leo weisgerber ( 1899-1985 ) an international colloquium on the well-known german linguist johann leo weisgerber ( 1899-1985 ) will be held at the university of muenster ( germany ) from march 12 to march 13 , 1999 . the colloquium is organized by the german based international association for the history of linguistics , the """""""" studienkreis ' geschichte der sprachwissenschaft ' ( sgds ) """""""" , and will take place in the centre of muenster at the so-called ' alexander - von - humboldt - haus ' . papers dealing with weisgerber 's theory and philosophy of language , weisgerber 's place in the history of linguistics , the weisgerber reception in germany , europe or at overseas , and weisgerber 's political position will be welcomed . conference languages are english , french , and german . for further information contact : studienkreis ' geschichte der sprachwissenschaft ' c / o klaus d . dutz postfach 5725 , d-48031 muenster , germany e - mail : dutz . nodus @ t-online . de peter schmitter hankuk university of foreign studies , seoul schmitpe @ maincc . hufs . ac . kr
  """",0
  1954,""""Subject: call : glow phonology workshop
   
   the glow phonology workshop phonetics in phonology april 1 , 1999 invited speakers : edward flemming , donca steriade organizers : carlos gussenhoven , ren kager university of postdam the workshop is broadly concerned with the relevance of articulatory and perceptual facts for phonological theory . more specifically , it intends to focus on such questions as the extent to which functional factors determine phonological grammars , the status of the distinction between phonological representation and phonetic implementation , the issue of multiple ( articulation-based as well as perception-based ) phonological representations , and the universality and ` groundedness ' of phonological constraints . the workshop will consist of approximately 7 talks of 45 minutes each , followed by 15 minutes of discussion . abstracts may not exceed one page with at least a 1 inch margin on all four sides and should employ a font no smaller than 12 pt . they should be sent anonymously in threefold , accompanied by a camera-ready original with the author 's name , address and affiliation , to glow phonology workshop c / o . ren kager utrecht institute of linguistics / ots trans 10 3512 jk utrecht netherlands deadline for submission of abstracts : december 1 , 1998 submission by fax or e-mail will not be accepted . further information can be found on http : / / www . ling . uni-potsdam . de / ik / glow . html for questions contact ren kager or carlos gussenhoven e-mail : kager @ let . uu . nl , gussenhoven @ engindy1 . let . kun . nl phone : + 31-30 - 2538064 fax : + 31-30 - 2536000 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ren kager utrecht institute of linguistics / ots trans 10 3512 jk utrecht the netherlands phone : + 31-30 - 2538064 fax : + 31-30 - 2536000
  """",0
  1955,""""Subject: new book : language acquisition
   
   literacy development in a multilingual context cross - cultural perspectives edited by aydin durgunoglu , university of minnesota , duluth ludo verhoeven , university of nijmegen , the netherlands this volume explores the use of literacy outside the mainstream in different contexts throughout the world . it is divided into four parts . the first section presents an anthropological perspective - - analyzing the society and the individual in a society . the second presents a psychological perspective - - focusing on the individuals themselves and analyzing the cognitive and affective development of young children as they acquire literacy in their first and second languages . the third presents an educational perspective - - highlighting the variations in educational approaches in different societies as well as the outcomes of these approaches . the final section summarizes the studies presented in this volume . both theoretical issues and educational implications related to the development of literacy in two languages are discussed . an attempt is also made to open up new directions in the study of literacy development in multilingual contexts by bringing these various disciplinary perspectives together . 0-8058 - 2442 - 1 [ cloth ] / 1998 / 328pp . / $ 75 . 00 0-8058 - 2443 - x [ paper ] / 1998 / 328pp . / $ 36 . 00 lawrence erlbaum associates , inc . orders @ erlbaum . com
  """",0
  1956,""""Subject: tai studies i
   
   the first international conference on tai studies july 29-31 , 1998 institute of language and culture for rural development mahidol university at salaya , thailand first announcement rationale the institute of language and culture for rural development , mahidol university is pleased to announce the first international conference on tai studies , to be held july 29-31 , 1998 in bangkok . the main objective of this conference is to provide an international forum for scholars from different countries to present and discuss various aspects of tai studies . the conference will feature papers on any of the tai and outliner groups residing outside thailand , namely , lao , black tai , lue , white tai , shan , ahom , dai , tay , tho , nung , zhuang , bouyei , ong - be , saek , kam ( dong ) , sui ( shui ) , maonan , mulam ( mulao ) , mak , then , ai - cham , lati , laqua , hlai , and gelao . topics will include : ( 1 ) languages and linguistics ; ( 2 ) folk wisdom and literature ; ( 3 ) belief , ritual , and religions ; ( 4 ) history ; ( 5 ) politics ; ( 6 ) economics and environment ; ( 7 ) ethno-cultural contact and exchange ; ( 8 ) architecture , arts , music , and handicrafts ; ( 9 ) archaeology ; and ( 10 ) others . program keynote speeches , plenary sessions , paper presentations , slides , posters , exhibition language the language to be used in the conference will be english . registration fees the registration fee includes conference documents , lunch , refreshments . students non - students overseas local overseas local before and on june 1 , 98 us $ 100 1 , 500 baht us $ 120 2 , 500 baht after june 1 , 1998 us $ 120 2 , 000 baht us $ 150 3 , 000 baht payment by international draft ( cheque ) in us dollar only . please make check payable to """""""" mahidol university . """""""" venue royal river hotel , bangkok , thailand abstract and paper abstracts are invited for the conference . by may 1 , 1998 , please submit two copies of a one-page abstract . abstract must be typed , camera ready , and contain the following information : titile of abstract , author 's name , affiliation , content . papers to be distributed at the conference must be submitted before june 1 , 1998 . papers to be presented at tai studies i will be published in the tai studies i proceedings and will be available for a purchase after the conference . to ensure inclusion in the volume , submit a camera-ready copy of paper by november 1 , 1998 . presentation will be 20 minutes in length , with 10 minutes for questions . accomodation and travel information the information on accommodations and travel will be announced later . conference registration a conference registration form is available at : http : / / www . mahidol . ac . th / mahidol / lc / index . html corresponding address : chair of secretariat tai studies i institute of language and culture for rural development mahidol university , salaya nakornpathom 73170 , thailand tel : ( 662 ) 441-9327 , 441-9343 , 441-9514 ; fax ( 662 ) 441-0209 email : lcssm @ mahidol . ac . th web page : http : / / www . mahidol . ac . th / mahidol / lc / index . html - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - have you visited our institute 's homepage yet ? = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = http : / / www . mahidol . ac . th / mahidol / lc / index . html
  """",0
  1957,""""Subject: new book : cognitive linguistics
   
   the new psychology of language cognitive and functional approaches to language structure edited by michael tomasello , emory university the history of psychological approaches to the study of language has included periods of little communication between the disciplines of linguistics and psychology , and periods where each field drew upon the theories and methods of the other in limited - - and often limiting - - ways . this book represents a new approach that may define the next era in the relationship between psychology and linguistics . it does so by presenting the evolving linguistic theories collectively known as cognitive - functional linguistics in terms that are intended to be accessible to cognitive scientists interested in how language works psychologically . in contrast to the chomskian linguistic theories with which most psychologists today are familiar , the cognitive-functional approach of these linguists focuses on the things people communicate about ( communicative functions ) and the social conventions by means of which they do so ( linguistic symbols and structures ) . the chapters in this book were all written by linguists who are leading proponents of this approach and edited by a psychologist committed to bringing this new way of looking at language into the mainstream of psychology . the volume promises to give psychologists a new appreciation of what this variety of linguistics can offer their study of language and communication , as well as to provide cognitive-functional linguists new models for presenting their work to audiences outside the boundaries of traditional linguistics . 0-8058 - 2576 - 2 [ cloth ] / 1998 / 312pp . / $ 65 . 00 0-8058 - 2577 - 0 [ paper ] / 1998 / 312pp . / $ 29 . 95 lawrence erlbaum associates , inc . orders @ erlbaum . com
  """",0
  1958,""""Subject: new book : language processes
   
   social and cognitive approaches to interpersonal communication edited by susan r . fussell , carnegie mellon university roger j . kreuz , university of memphis historically , the social aspects of language use have been considered the domain of social psychology , while the underlying psycholinguistic mechanisms have been the purview of cognitive psychology . recently , however , it has become increasingly clear that these two dimensions are highly interrelated : cognitive mechanisms underlying speech production and comprehension interact with social psychological factors , such as beliefs about one 's interlocutors and politeness norms , and with the dynamics of the conversation itself , to produce shared meaning . this realization has led to an exciting body of research integrating the social and cognitive dimensions which has greatly increased our understanding of human language use . this volume contains a collection of papers by noted social and cognitive psychologists illustrating this theme . each chapter demonstrates how the theoretical approaches and research methods of social and cognitive psychology can be successfully interwoven to provide insight into one or more fundamental questions about the process of interpersonal communication . the topics under investigation include the nature and role of speaker intentions in the communicative process , the production and comprehension of indirect speech and figurative language , perspective-taking and conversational collaboration , and the relationships between language , cognition , culture , and social interaction . the book will be of interest to all those who study interpersonal language use : social and cognitive psychologists , theoretical and applied linguists , and communication researchers . 0-8058 - 2269 - 0 [ cloth ] / 1998 / 312pp . / $ 59 . 95 0-8058 - 2270 - 4 [ paper ] / 1998 / 312pp . / $ 32 . 50 lawrence erlbaum associates , inc . orders @ erlbaum . com
  """",0
  1959,""""Subject: _ rightward movement _ review - - i
   
   [ editor 's note : this is part one of a two part review . the second part appears in the next issue of linguist ] beerman , dorothee , david leblanc , & henk van riemsdijk , eds . ( 1997 ) rightward movement ( linguistik aktuell 17 ) amsterdam : benjamins . 406 pp . this is a proceedings volume collecting together papers presented in oct . 1995 at the tilburg conference on rightward movement . the editors mention two or three papers that were presented at the conference but were not including in this proceedings volume . i say ` two or three ' because , although they mention three authors ( kayne , koike , and truckenbrodt ) , koike actually has a paper in this volume ; i do not know why his name is included in the list of authors whose papers were not included . at the back of the book , a complete list of addresses ( snail - and e-mail ) of the contributors is included . the editors ' preface ( with van riemsdijk named as principal author ) provides a very nice summary of the relevant issues and their background in the literature . special note is taken of repercussions of recent work in minimalist program ( e . g . , kayne 1994 ) for the whole notion of ` rightward movement ' ( hereafter rm ) . this reviewer would note in particular that , although it is commonly supposed that , as stated in the preface , ` in a minimalist approach , movement is exclusively triggered by checking . . . . given this new line of thinking , rightward movement simply cannot be triggered , hence it cannot exist ' , some of the contributors - - e . g . , alphonce & davis , buring & hartmann - - demonstrate that it is in fact possible to develop hypotheses within the minimalist framework that would enable triggering of such movement . of the 14 papers in the collection , it is hardly surprising that 7 deal with ` extraposition ' ( defined in various ways ) , and four of those are concerned primarily with one aspect or other of extraposition in german . i will discuss these extraposition papers as a group before considering the others . josef bayer 's paper ` cp - extraposition as argument shift ' ( pp . 37-58 ) begins with a very nice , neat summary of problems with classical extraposition account ( via rm ) for postverbal cps in v - final languages ( focussing particularly on bengali , hindi , and german ) , noting that these problems disappear under a kayne - type analysis . however , he goes on to note definite empirical problems with a kayne - type analysis . he then proposes an analysis according to which a complement is right-adjoined to the maximal projection of its governing head ( in this case vp ) , leaving behind a trace as sole sister of that head ( v ) . if that trace is then deleted and the tree is pruned , the v ends up with a complement to its right which it can theta-mark . alternatively , bayer suggests , at least some ` extraposed ' cps may be base-generated to the right , co-indexed with a ( dummy / deletable ) pronominal , by inheritance from which they are licensed . bayer notes that this would help account for the fact that in some ov languages ( e . g . , bengali ) , certain classes of cps are * always * ` extraposed ' . if we assume that directionality is relevant to selection , then the resulting vp constitutes a barrier to a cp on the ` non-canonical ' side of the head , which would account for the scope effects bayer notes earlier as being problematic for both the traditional account and the kayne - type account . in ` rightward scrambling ' ( pp . 186-214 ) , anoop mahajan argues on the basis of various relations sensitive to c-command that postverbal nominal arguments in hindi are merely constituents left behind while everything else has moved leftwards . this analysis supersedes the rm analysis he proposed in an unpublished paper ten years ago and is deliberately consistent with an analysis based on kayne 's linear correspondence axiom ( hereafter lca ) . this reviewer notes that many of mahajan 's arguments necessarily presuppose certain possibly dubious tacit assumptions , e . g . , that rm must necessarily involve adjunction specifically to ip ( contrary to the approach proposed in , e . g . , muller 's , wiltschko 's , and rochemont & culicover 's papers ) . for instance , the string in mahajan 's ( 33 ) , which he marks ( ? ? ? ) could be generated - - and its unacceptability accounted for - - by right-adjunction of the direct object to vp rather than ip . nowhere does mahajan actually address what in this reviewer 's opinion is the most basic issue with questions like this : is there or is there not any evidence of a * gap * corresponding to the postverbal material ? michael s . rochemont & peter w . culicover in ` deriving dependent right adjuncts in english ' ( pp . 279-300 ) discuss various constructions in english , all of which might be included under a rather broadly-defined concept of ` extraposition ' . distinguishing between the extraposition of relative clauses on the one hand and heavy - np shift and presentational - there insertion on the other , they argue that relative - clause extraposition is best treated as ( 1 ) base - generated and ( 2 ) right-adjunction to the governing category ( vp , ip , or cp ) of the antecedent to the extraposed rc . they make an effort to conjure up plausible analyses of rc - extraposition involving kayne - style leftward-movement but note that none of the possibilities they consider are quite satisfactory . even the ` best ' option , involving movement of both the rc and its antecedent to distinct spec positions , fails to provide any motivation for either the posited movement or the highly ramified structure such an analysis requires . expanding on earlier work of their own ( rochemont & culicover 1990 ) , rochemont & culicover argue that heavy - np shift and presentational - there insertion are best treated as instances of movement to a right - adjoined a ' - position . they demonstrate that , quite apart from the problems discussed in rochemont & culicover 1990 , any attempt to analyze such constructions by means of exclusively leftward movement involves the extremely unattractive movement of what is not , in fact , by any stretch of the imagination a recognizable constituent . in the end , they acknowledge that there are some empirical problems shared by both the rightward-movement account they apparently prefer and the ` movement to high specifier ' account that would be more consistent with a kayne - type approach , but that the latter raises some provoking theoretical problems that are absent from their rightward-movement account . they conclude by saying that ` the question whether rightward movement exists or not . . . is not an empirical one . ' daniel buring & katharina hartmann 's paper ` the kayne mutiny ' ( pp . 59-80 ) presents an excellent argument for the empirical bankruptcy of the kayne antisymmetry hypothesis . making crucial use of reconstruction at lf and of binding - theoretic statements referring to ( undeleted ) traces , b&h 's argument is built upon the prediction that , if extraposition is a consequence of rm , it ought to be possible for a proper binding relation * not * to exist between an np and a cp later in the sentence - - if the np happens to be in a hierarchically lower position , from which neither it nor any of its daughters is able to c-command the cp ( such a lack of binding relation is a priori impossible in a kayne analysis , according to which any np to the left of a cp must ipso facto c-command it ) . they then demonstrate that such binding failures are in fact attested , and are indeed not all that difficult to come up with in a language like german . ( at the end of section 2 , they acknowledge some confusing results with regard to coreference options , concluding that these ` require further investigation ' . ) they further demonstrate ( section 3 ) that the kayne analysis actually does serious violence to many standard assumptions about movement , including ( similarly to rochemont & culicover ) issues of what qualifies as a ( movable ) constituent and under what circumstances a constituent may be ` stranded ' . ( it 's from this surreptitiously iconoclastic character of kayne 's hypothesis that they get their clever title . ) and they demonstrate that verb - topicalization ought to be impossible in a kayne analysis , although of course it 's quite common in german . in order to account for the complications with regard to island - constraint violations , etc . that have presented problems for earlier versions of a rm - analysis of extraposition in german and similar languages , b&h propose ( p . 72 ) a generalization according to which finite clauses may never be governed by either v or i . this provides an actual motivation for cp - extraposition , since presumably in its ds position a complement clause is governed by the matrix verb , and in order to escape that government must be right-adjoined to some higher phrasal node , presumably ip . this is in direct conflict with bayer 's analysis , according to which the extraposed cp ends up being governed by the matrix verb as a result of the deletion of its own trace and tree-pruning ; which analysis is to be preferred ought to be an empirical problem . hubert haider 's paper ` extraposition ' ( 115-152 ) argues on the basis of the extraposition of comparatives and the c-command relations essential thereto in english and german ( mostly german ) that extraposed constituents remain embedded in their ds mothers . haider further argues that extraposed relative and argument clauses must also be vp - internal , since although they are n't subject to the same c-command relations themselves , they always come * before * extraposed comparatives which are . broadening his scope in section 2 to other examples of german extraposition , haider demonstrates that they can't result from movement and must therefore be base-generated . but , on the basis of scope , c-command , and absence of island-effects , he also argues against an analysis in terms of base-generated adjunction . haider agrees with kayne in assuming exclusive leftward movement ; however , he allows for either head-initial or head-final base structures , and invokes head movement while kayne invokes phrasal movement . haider presents several predictions that kayne 's lca theory would have for a language such as german , which he then demonstrates are all falsified by the actual data : ( 1 ) phrases to the left of the verb should be in spec - positions , and should therefore be islands ( 2 ) vp - adverbials and predicates should end up in postverbal position , since there 's nothing to trigger their movement ( 3 ) vp - topicalization ought to involve the movement of a functional projection containing a trace of the finite verb . in ` extraposition as remnant movement ' ( p . 215-246 ) , gereon muller offers a very neat analysis of extraposition in german as right - adjunction to a variety of phrasal nodes , including cp as well as vp or ip , thereby accounting for various otherwise problematic details with regard to island effects in both leftward - and rightward-moved constituents . the paper includes a very interesting and useful comparative discussion of the adequacy of a variety of different proposed constraints for excluding unacceptable strings while allowing acceptable ones . martina wiltschko 's paper , ` extraposition , identification and precedence ' ( pp . 358-396 ) , a summary of her 1995 wien dissertation , discusses extraposition in german , focussing on the relation of * identification * between the ` identifyee ' , the ( pro ) nominal element ( np or dp ) in the canonical position within the clause and the ` identifier ' , the extraposed constituent . both identifyee and identifier provide linguistically necessary information : the identifyee occupies a canonical ( theta - ) position , therefore satisfying syntactic requirements , while the identifier provides necessary semantic content to licence the identifyee 's definiteness . given that the identifyee * introduces * a discourse referent , it must ( on the basis of heim 's ( 1980 ) novelty condition ) precede the identifier . wiltschko also argues for a locality constraint on identification , according to which the identifier must c-command the identifyee , without any intervening xp ; thus , the identifier must be right-adjoined to the minimal maximal projection dominating the identifyee . in wiltschko 's view , these two constraints together account for the fact that identifiers are always extraposed . she acknowledges that this analysis apply only to * restrictive relative clauses * , not to other types of modifiers . attractive as the paper is in many ways , it suffers somewhat from the necessary exclusion of many supporting arguments , for which the interested reader is referred to the full-length dissertation . two of the papers are concerned primarily with parsing theory and the development of adequate parsing technology . both of these papers , coming from different points of view , argue for a data-driven , bottom-up parsing strategy as against a hypothesis-driven top-down strategy . in ` on movement and one - pass no backtrack parsing ' ( pp . 301-330 ) , chris sijtsma recognizes that ` natural ' ( i . e . , single-pass , no backtracking , faithful to derivation ) bottom-up parsers are less restrictive than natural top-down parsers , which of course from the point of view of strict generative theory is a point against them , but assumes that there is enough variation among actual languages that a bottom-up parsing strategy is to be preferred . this reviewer finds such a conclusion attractive , but worries that sijtsma has provided so little in the way of empirical demonstration to back it up ; indeed , for such a mathematically-oriented paper ( at least relative to this reviewer 's experience ) , there is extremely little in the way of solid argument presented ; most of the time , sijtsma merely asserts that the proof of any given theorem is either self-evident or readily derivable ; in a few cases , he refers to demonstrations elsewhere in the literature . another issue both of these papers consider very seriously , without , however , either of them coming up with a very satisfactory solution , is the proper size of the look - ahead window for an adequate parser . sijtsma asserts ( pp . 305 - 6 ) that any grammar with a look-ahead window greater than 1 is functionally equivalent to a grammar that looks ahead just one symbol , but then goes on to say , ` in practice we still need . . . parsers that look ahead more than one symbol . ' in subsequent discussion it becomes clear that he is unclear just how large a look - ahead window is empirically adequate . likewise , alphonce & davis , while currently working with a look-ahead window of ` at most two chunks ' ( p . 25 ) , are clearly dissatisfied with this characterization . it is clear that this issue needs more thought , if not further research , devoted to it . a fundamental claim of the paper by carl alphonce & henry davis , ` motivating non - directional movement ' ( pp . 7-36 ) , is that linear precedence constraints , indeed lp phenomena of any kind , have no relevance for syntax at all ; essentially , they claim that , from the point of view of all syntactic levels including lf , constituents are organized hierarchically in terms of dominance relations but not linearly in terms of precedence relations . in alphonce & davis ' view , all precedence relations are imposed at pf , making them essentially matters of performance rather than competence . in the opinion of this reviewer , this is a very interesting and possibly attractive idea . unfortunately , contrary to the promise contained in the abstract , this claim is not so much argued for as assumed within the paper . nor is it made clear - - to this reviewer , anyway - - that it is explicitly argued for anywhere else , unlike the skipped arguments behind wiltschko 's paper and the citations given in sijtsma 's paper . alphonce & davis merely demonstrate that it is possible to develop an analytic approach - - more precisely , a parsing program - - that has no need for any kind of explicit syntactic constraints , at any level ( whether ug or language-particular ) , making reference to linear order . at the end of their abstract , alphonce & davis claim that they are motivated by a conviction that ` it is a priori desirable to eliminate as much redundancy as possible between different components of the system . . . . if some phenomena has [ sic ] an independent processing explanation we hold that syntactic theory should not have to offer any explanation for it . ' this approach is all very well in a purely formal mathematical system , but it is fairly common knowledge that redundancy is in fact a sine qua non of biological systems ( cf . e . g . gould 1993 ) and of natural-linguistic systems as well ( cf . e . g . hock 1986 , ch . 9 & 12 ; this fact is also acknowledged by chris sijtsma in his paper , p . 314 ) . the mere fact that one can develop a parsing program that has no need to appeal to syntactic lp constraints , therefore , in no way demonstrates that such constraints have no place in human natural-language competence . much of sijtsma 's paper is devoted to developing points ( regarding , e . g . , the proper type ( s ) and subcategorization frame ( s ) of pps ) that are clearly relevant to his primary concern , which is developing an adequate automated parsing grammar , but are tangential to the focus of the collection . in arguing , contrary to kayne , that ug does not stipulate one universal tree-structure for all languages , sijtsma gets a fair amount of mileage out of replacing the assumption that node-labels are atomic with the assumption that they are merely shorthand for feature-bundles . though he does n't mention this , this replacement has actually been implicit in x - bar theory ever since the early 70 's . with regard to directionality of movement , sijtsma argues that rightward movement must be allowed by ug , with this caveat : in deriving ss from ds , leftward movement is unrestricted but rightward movement of modifiers ( which do n't leave obvious gaps ) should not exceed the look-ahead buffer ; on the other hand , in deriving lf from ss rightward movement is unrestricted but leftward [ editor 's note : this review is continued in the next issue of linguist ] - steven schaufele , ph . d . , asst . prof . of linguistics , english department soochow university , waishuanghsi campus , taipei 11102 , taiwan , roc ( 886 ) ( 02 ) 2881-9471 ext . 6504 fcosw5 @ mbm1 . scu . edu . tw http : / / www . prairienet . org / ~ fcosws / homepage . html * * * o syntagmata linguarum liberemini humanarum ! * * * * * * nihil vestris privari nisi obicibus potestis ! * * *
  """",0
  1960,""""Subject: _ rightward movement _ review - - ii
   
   [ editor 's note : the following is the second part of a review of beerman et al . _ righward movement _ . the first part is to be found in the previous issue of linguist . ] most of frank drijkoningen 's paper ` morphological strength : np positions in french ' ( pp . 81-114 ) is devoted to a clever account of the relative ordering of subjects and verbs , and parts thereof , in french , with especially focus on inversion constructions , demonstrating that the data can be described in a manner consistent with kayne 's antisymmetry theory - - provided one adopts a certain amount of occam - stretching multiplication of functional heads with resultant multiple spec - positions as ` homes ' for subjects . drijkoningen argues fairly convincingly for the following hierarchical ordering of functional heads in french : [ c [ t [ agr ( s ) [ agr ( o ) [ agr ( a ) [ vp ] ] ] ] ] ] , identifying participial agreement not with agr ( o ) but with agr ( a ) , the checking-site for predicate - adjective agreement . he also offers a hypothesis with regard to a trigger for french stylistic inversion ( in which the subject np follows the verbal complex ) . his assumption is that ( in both french and english ) spec - head agr features in infl are ` strong ' , while head - features in infl are ` strong ' in french but ` weak ' in english . however , overt saturation of spec - head agr features in cp ( e . g . , by fronting an overt wh-expression ) significantly reduces the strength of spec - head agr features in ip , obviating the need for the subject np to rise to spec - agr ( s ) for checking . the paper is characterized by heavy reliance on ` floating / stranded _ tous _ ' , i . e . , a quantifier separated superficially from the np it modifies . this reviewer found little or no evidence of any awareness of the possibility of q - movement independent of movement of the modified np ; many of the starred strings could actually be derived , assuming a kayne approach , if q were allowed to move on its own . there was no sign of any argument that such movement is impossible ; perhaps it can be ruled out by lack of motivation . this paper is a thick , but rather strong argument for underlying svo and exclusively leftward - movement in french . of course , few linguists would contest that french is svo , and what evidence there may be for rightward - movement in this language has always been a best peripheral ( pun intended ) . given the strong arguments for rm and head-finality in other languages presented by bayer and buring & hartmann , this paper seems like a lot of sound and fury . erik hoekstra 's paper , ` analysing linear asymmetries in the verb clusters of dutch and frisian and their dialects ' ( pp . 153-170 ) , presents an analysis in terms of kayne 's lca hypothesis of the syntax of the complex verb clusters so especially characteristic of these languages . in the course of his discussion , it gradually becomes clear that , on the basis of the ordering of elements within these clusters , he distinguishes between dutch and frisian as respectively ` head-initial ' and ` head-final ' . it is clear to this reviewer why these labels are appropriate specifically with regard to the internal syntax of verb clusters , but describing dutch as ` head-initial ' is likely to be a surprise to many people who thought they knew otherwise . in discussing the feasibility , or lack thereof , of inserting non - verbal material ( including particles ) between members of a verb cluster , hoekstra not only demonstrates that this follows very reasonably from the lca - account he is proposing but claims ( p . 158 ) that ` the rigidity of head-final clusters [ i . e . , their intolerance of such insertion ] . . . is a mystery for any approach not incorporating asymmetry . ' in fact , it makes perfect sense if we assume an underlying head-final order and the derivation of alternative orders by the rm of verbal projections . this reviewer is not necessarily suggesting that this is a * better * approach than hoekstra 's lca - account , but it is certainly quite feasible , contrary to his apparent belief . in the last section , hoekstra spends a fair amount of time on a very interesting discussion of the infinitivum - pro - participio ( ipp ) effect , whereby in some germanic languages ( e . g . , dutch ) a ( perfective ) participle taking an infinitive verb as its complement must itself surface in the form of an infinitive . the primary questions at issue for hoekstra are : what is the formal grammatical nature of the ipp effect ? and why is it characteristic only of some ( germanic ) languages and not of others ? hoekstra argues that the ipp effect only occurs in languages in which the perfective participle is marked by a prefix , e . g . the germanic prefix ` ge - ' or reflexes thereof , and that this prefix occupies the spec position of the verb to which it is morphologically attached . since under these circumstances that spec position is already occupied , it is impossible for the infinitive complement to move into that position as it must , the derivation crashes ; the loophole exploited by dutch and other ipp languages ( this is , in fact , the traditional analysis in germanic scholarship ) is the substitution of an ` alternative ' form of the participle which is morphophonologically identical to the infinitive ( and therefore , in hoekstra 's view , has no obstructionist prefix ) . the fact that frisian does not exhibit ipp effects , according to this analysis , is directly related to the fact that in frisian the perfective participle is marked only by a suffix . this reviewer admits to not being familiar with the scholarly literature on the subject of ipp , but notes some curiosity as to how hoekstra 's claim ( p . 159 ) that ` the ipp effect is systematically absent in head - final germanic dialects ' can be squared with the fact that german , which is clearly head-final in the sense that hoekstra uses the term , typically marks perfective participles with a prefix and , indeed , exhibits ipp . the last few pages of the paper are devoted to a very nice little discussion of the recent evolution of ipp in a couple of frisian dialects , which hoekstra argues is due in both cases to remarkably heavy contact with dutch . in this reviewer 's opinion , this section represents a very desirable conjunction of scholarship and concerns in sociolinguistics and linguistic evolution on the one hand and formal grammatical theory on the other . in his paper ` movement in japanese relative clauses ' ( pp . 171-185 ) , satoshi stanley koike argues that all relative clauses in japanese , including the ` externally-headed ' ones whose ` heads ' are ( apparently ) ` extracted ' to their right , can be accounted for in terms of a kayne lca - type analysis allowing only spec - head - comp base structures and leftward movement . noting certain problems resulting from adopting kayne 's analysis , koike makes clear that they are almost certainly obviated by his ( * very interesting * ) proposal of a * discourse-based * motivation for the leftward movement his adoption of kayne 's lca approach forces him to assume . koike 's hypothesis that the movement of ip in these japanese cases is essentially stylistic movement , i . e . , motivated by pragmatic or discourse considerations rather than purely syntactic ones , at least implies that it is pf - movement which would ( 1 ) account for the fact that , in order for his analysis to make the right predictions , * have * to follow the movement of the semantic ` head ' np - - the latter being a proper ` syntactic ' movement - ( 2 ) be invisible as far as binding theory is concerned , binding theory being relevant primarily at lf and totally irrelevant at pf , and ( 3 ) not be subject to relativized minimality either . in their paper ` rightward wh - movement in american sign language ' ( pp . 247-278 ) , carol neidle , judy kegl , benjamin bahan , debra aarons , & dawn maclaughlin argue that americal sign language ( asl ) exhibits a head-final cp with a right-marginal spec as landing-site for wh - movement . they note ( p . 267 ) that this proposal ` is partially consistent with kayne 's claims about universal ordering ' , in that it places spec and complement on opposite sides of the head ; however , their proposal differs from kayne 's universal antisymmetry approach in positing a head-final structure for cp while assuming head-initial structures for all its complement-daughters . neidle et al . base much of their anti - lca argument on the fact that certain syntactic features ( including polarity , + / - wh , etc . ) are in asl expressed by ` non-manual markers ' ( e . g . , facial expressions ) which frequently spread over certain portions of the clauses they are associated with , and the very plausible notion that those portions can be defined as the c-command domains of the functional heads associated with these features . thus , the possibility , or lack thereof , of such spreading in asl is taken as symptomatic of the presence or absence of c-command relations ( p . 250 ) . it is on the basis of such spreading that they argue that the landing-site for wh - movement in asl , which is clearly to the right of the clause , nevertheless c-commands the latter , and they demonstrate that these c-command facts are incompatible with a kayne - type analysis . they briefly entertain analyses more consistent with kayne 's lca - hypothesis , involving the raising of c and ip into higher positions ( which , they note , must nevertheless be below positions , e . g . the landing-site of topicalization , known to be above cp in asl ) , but point out that there is ( 1 ) no evidence as to the functional nature of such positions , ( 2 ) no independent motivation for their existence , and ( 3 ) no evident motivation for the movement they are discussing . in their paper ` language types and generative grammar : a review of some consequences of the univeral vo hypothesis ' ( pp . 331-357 ) , caterina donati & alessandra tomaselli address the repercussions of kayne 's antisymmetry hypothesis for constituent-order typological studies . they demonstrate very neatly and elegantly the manifold empirical problems kayne 's approach has with languages representing a variety of types , including ( 1 ) ov languages with v2 ( german , dutch ) , ( 2 ) svo languages without pro-drop ( english , french ) , ( 3 ) svo languages with pro-drop ( italian ) , and ( 4 ) vso languages ( irish ) . repeatedly , they demonstrate that more traditional analyses provide more accurate results than analyses assuming kayne 's antisymmetry hypothesis . it should be noted that donati & tomaselli are throughout addressing specifically the relative ordering of verbs and nominals in ordinary , garden-variety clauses ; the details of extraposed structures such as those discussed by bayer , buring & hartmann , and haider are not addressed in this paper . while as already noted half the papers in this collection , understandably , discuss ` extraposition ' , it is unfortunate that there are no papers focussing ( pun intended ) on adverbal focus-movement , a serious alternative candidate for a rm analysis ( for which cf . schaufele 1990 , 1998 ) . neidle et al . 's paper relates to focus in an indirect way , in that it is commonly assumed that wh-elements are a priori focussed and that therefore their s - structure location , especially if there is anything remarkable about it , should be considered as at least a possible landing-site for focus-movement . as a sort of appendix , koike offers a short discussion of rightward focus-movement in turkish , in which he suggests that the same kind of discourse-analysis motivation he proposes for the movement leftward of ` backgrounded ' relative clauses ( away from their semantic ` heads ' ) in japanese can also motivate the movement leftward of * non-focussed * arguments in turkish , leaving the focussed subject stranded in immediately pre-verbal position ( at least in terms of superficial order ) . this reviewer notes , however , that koike makes reference to a single turkish example , a very simple clause involving only three constituents , an object np , a subject np , and a verb , and doubts very much that such an account as he proposes would be able to make much sense out of the much more complex examples of subject-focussing discussed in schaufele 1990 , 1998 . i have complaints about muller 's and hoekstra 's papers at an expository level , in that both assumed on the part of the reader a high degree of familiarity with the languages being discussed . muller provides no english translations for any of his german example sentences , or for that matter of the one hindi example sentence . while this reviewer has little trouble reading and interpreting example sentences in these languages , such facility cannot be expected of most readers of this collection . likewise , hoekstra offered no translations of any of his example sentences , and in many cases this reviewer , who is not unfamiliar with a wide variety of germanic languages , was quite unable to make any sense out of them . furthermore , it is frequently not made clear which language the example in question is meant to represent ; since the paper as a whole depends crucially on distinctions between dutch and frisian , this is a source of serious obscurity . and only on p . 158 , the 6th page of a fairly short paper , does hoekstra finally tell us that the gloss ` mp ' stands for ` modal particle ' , after having used this abbreviation freely in several earlier examples . this abbreviation may be familiar to specialists in netherlandic , but it is n't to a lot of other interested readers . in koike 's paper the inclusion of japanese words in the midst of the english - language text without any typographical highlighting by either quotes or italics , especially in a book with many typographical errors , proved a little unsettling ; this was also a problem in muller 's paper , where it was particularly confusing in the one section that discussed extraposition in english . the book as a whole is plagued with typographical errors . there are two examples ( 59 ) in drijkoningen 's paper . haider 's ( 58a ) is starred , but is in fact an ok string , and it 's obvious from context that haider regards it as ok . in buring & hartmann 's paper , there are exs . ( 21a ) and ( 22a ) , but no ( 21b ) or ( 22b ) ; diagram ( 24 ) is nowhere referred to in the text ( though it 's pretty obvious what it refers to ) . [ bayer in press ] is referred to several times in bayer 's paper , but it does n't appear anywhere in the references ; perhaps it 's represented by bayer 1996 ? the statement of wiltschko 's locality constraint is misprinted on p . 360 in such a way as to be nonsensical . in koike 's paper the alignment of the glosses in ( 20a ) was impossible to make any sense out of , and i had to study ( 10 ) a while before i realized that , although it said literally ` [ dp ip d [ cp np / qp [ c [ ip . . . ' , those biliterals ` dp ' , ` cp ' , and ` ip ' were in some instances meant to be labels on the immediately preceding brackets , not left-daughters of the constituents enclosed within said brackets . mahajan 's paper is particularly plagued with typographical errors ; to mention merely the most egregious example i found , in ( 54 ) the entire direct object np is missing from the hindi string , rendering this example 's relevance to the discussion is completely opaque . as already noted here and there , many of the substantive flaws in this collection are due primarily or entirely to lack of space in which to present relevant arguments . fulfilling the preface 's promise of open-mindedness , the book brings together papers from several different viewpoints , both supporting and undermining kayne 's antisymmetry hypothesis . while many of the contributors obviously hold rather strongly to whatever side of this controversy they espouse , many of them are to be commended for the skill and seriousness they nevertheless give to the necessary task of considering possible alternative analyses that would support the other side . while many of the papers focus on languages , and constructions within those languages , that have already been much discussed in the generative literature , there are some admirable exceptions ; i would especially mention the papers by bayer , hoekstra , and neidle et al . in this regard , also the typological interest behind the paper by donati & tomaselli although they restrict themselves primarily to western european languages . anyone concerned about understanding the debates arising out of kayne 's antisymmetry hypothesis and the grounds both for taking it seriously and for rejecting it cannot afford to ignore this collection . references . bayer , josef . ( 1996 ) directionality and logical form : on the scope of focusing particles and wh - in - situ . dordrecht : kluwer . gould , stephen j . ( 1993 ) ` an earful of jaw ' , eight little piggies , pp . 95-108 . new york : norton . heim , i . ( 1980 ) the semantics of definite and indefinite noun phrases . university of massachusetts ph . d . dissertation . hock , hans henrich . ( 1986 ) principles of historical linguistics . berlin : mouton de gruyter . kayne , richard . ( 1994 ) the antisymmetry of syntax . cambridge , ma : mit press . rochemont , michael s . & peter w . culicover . ( 1990 ) english focus constructions and the theory of grammar . cambridge : cambridge university press . schaufele , steven . ( 1990 ) ` a """""""" focus """""""" position for subjects within the vedic vp ' south asian languages roundtable xii , university of california at berkeley , 10 june 1990 . _ _ _ _ _ _ . ( 1998 ) ` rightward ho ! the typology of structural focus and complement - head order ; a critical discussion of antisymmetry , rightward movement , and the syntax / pragmatics interface ' glow - hyderabad , 22 jan . 1998 . steven schaufele 's research interests during the past dozen years have included , most significantly , the typology of constituent-order freedom and the repercussions thereof for formal syntactic theory , as well as the critical comparison of various approaches to syntactic theory . he is currently teaching linguistics in the english department of soochow university in taipei , taiwan . - steven schaufele , ph . d . , asst . prof . of linguistics , english department soochow university , waishuanghsi campus , taipei 11102 , taiwan , roc ( 886 ) ( 02 ) 2881-9471 ext . 6504 fcosw5 @ mbm1 . scu . edu . tw http : / / www . prairienet . org / ~ fcosws / homepage . html
  """",0
  1961,""""Subject: lp ' 98
   
   the linguistics and phonetics ( lp ' 98 ) conference will be held from september 15-20 , 1998 . the conference has been organized by osamu fujimura of the department of speech and hearing science , and it is hosted by the center for cognitive science . paper presentation sessions will be at the holiday inn , worthington ( i-270 and sr 23 ) on sep . 15-16 and 19-20 . sessions will be at the osu drake union on sep . 17 , and at the homewood suites hotel ( adjacent the the holiday inn , worthington ) on sep . 18 . this conference is open to the public and there is no registration fee . contact conference secretary thomas stewart at 688-3931 or at tstewart @ ling . ohio-state . edu for more information . the conference program and related information is available on the www at : http : / / ling . ohio-state . edu / ~ tstewart
  """",0
  1962,""""Subject: hil phonology 4
   
   second and final call for papers : hil / leiden university will host the 4th hil phonology conference , hilp 4 , from 28-30 january , 1999 . call for papers abstracts are invited in all areas of phonology , and particularly on the conference theme : """""""" how phonetic is phonology ? """""""" - to what extent can phonology be derived from phonetics ? - where does phonology stop and phonetics begin ? - how concrete is phonology ? besides the main conference , there will be three workshops . workshop themes will be : 1 ) the role of paradigmatic relations in phonology ( is analogy a synchronic device and if so , how is it expressed ? ) 2 ) iconicity ( is iconicity a synchronic device and if so , how is it expressed ? ) 3 ) lexical insertion and phonology ( does the insertion of phonological information and other grammatical information take place at different levels or stages of the derivation ? ) please submit six copies of an abstract of maximally three pages ( including examples and references ) before 1 october 1998 . one abstract should identify author and affiliation . the program will be announced on 1 november . please submit to : hilp 4 committee hil / atw p . o . box 9515 2300 ra leiden the netherlands abstracts submitted by e-mail before 1 october ( ascii only ) will be accepted on the condition that a hard copy follows within a week . for information concerning the programme , hotel information and ( pre ) registration : http : / / www . leidenuniv . nl / hil / confs / hilp4 / e-mail : hilp4 @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl
  """",0
  1963,""""Subject: pragma99
   
   2nd call for papers pragma99 international pragmatics conference on pragmatics and negotiation june 13-16 , 1999 tel aviv university and hebrew university of jerusalem tel aviv and jerusalem israel the main theme of this conference is the pragmatics of negotiation , interpreted in a very broad sense . interlocutors engage in negotiations about every aspect of their interaction - such as floor access and topic selection , contextual assumptions , conversational goals , and the ( mis ) interpretation and repair of their messages . topics such as cross-cultural and cross-gender ( mis ) communications , conversational procedures in disputes and collaborations , argumentation practices , and effects of assumptions and goals on the negotiating strategies of interlocutors are of special interest for this conference . the conference will be interdisciplinary , bringing together pragmaticists , linguists , philosophers , anthropologists , sociologists and political scientists . we are soliciting papers on all issues relevant to the theme of the conference , as well as papers in other areas of pragmatics and dialogue analysis . the conference will include plenary addresses , regular session lectures , and organized panels around any of the relevant topics . among the plenary speakers : elinor ochs ( ucla ) , itamar rabinovitch ( tel aviv university ) , emanual schegloff ( ucla ) , thomas schelling ( university of maryland ) , deborah schiffrin ( georgetown university ) , deborah tannen ( georgetown university ) , ruth wodak ( university of vienna ) . presentation of regular session lectures is 30 minutes long , with a subsequent discussion of 10 minutes . panels take the form of a series of closely related lectures on a specific topic , which may or may not be directly related to the special topic of the conference . they may consist of one , two or three units of 120 minutes . within each panel unit a maximum of four 20 - minute presentations are given consecutively , followed by a minimum of 30 minutes of discussion ( either devoted entirely to an open discussion , or taken up in part by comments by a discussant or discussants ) . panels are composed of contributions attracted by panel organizers , combined with individually submitted papers when judged appropriate by the program committee in consultation with the panel organizers . typically , written versions or extensive outlines of all panel contributions should be available before the conference to facilitate discussion . submissions abstracts for papers and panels should be submitted in the following format : 1 . for papers - five copies of an anonymous abstract ( up to 300 words ) . 2 . for panels - a preliminary proposal of one page , detailing title , area of interest , name of organizer ( s ) and invited participants to be sent by sept . 30 , 1998 . organizers of approved panels will then be invited to submit a full set of abstracts , including : a . a brief description of the topic area , b . a list of participants ( with full details , see below ) , c . abstracts by each of the participants by november 1 , 1998 . 3 . in all cases , a page stating : a . title , b . audiovisual / computer request , and c . for each author : i . full name and affiliation ; ii . current address ; iii . e - mail address ; iv . fax number . deadline for submission of abstracts : nov . 1 , 1998 . abstracts may be sent by hard copy , disk , or e-mail to pragma99 , faculty of humanities , tel aviv university , tel aviv 69978 , israel . e - mail : pragma99 @ post . tau . ac . il date of notification : march 1 , 1999 . program committee : mira ariel , hava bat - zeev shyldkrot , jonathan berg , anat biletzki , shoshana blum - kulka , marcelo dascal , nomi erteschik - shir , tamar katriel , ruth manor , george - elia sarfati , elda weizman , yael ziv . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = pragma99 registration form please send the following information , accompanied by cheque payable to tel - aviv university in the amount of us $ 75 if paid before november 1 , 1998 , otherwise us $ 100 , to pragma99 faculty of humanities tel aviv university tel aviv 69978 , israel dr . / mr . / mrs . / ms . / name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ university / organization : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( home ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( office ) telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( home ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( office ) signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ those wishing to pay by credit card should provide the following information : type of credit card : mastercard / visa / american express name as it appears on credit card : sum of paymnt : us $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card no . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * * * * * * those wishing to present a paper should follow the instructions above . hotel information will be provided after registration . the international association for dialogue analysis is co-sponsoring a part of our conference , which will be devoted to """""""" negotiation as a dialogic concept . """""""" for further information , contact edda weigand ( e-mail : weigand @ uni-muenster . de ) . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = [ forms can also be returned by fax to 972 - 3-6407839 , or by e-mail to pragma99 @ post . tau . ac . il . ]
  """",0
  1964,""""Subject: the 13th annual international conference on pragmatics and language learning
   
   a call for papers for the 13th annual conference on pragmatics and lanaguage learning will be held at the university of illinois ( urbana - champaign ) on april 8 - 10 , 1999 . for further information , click here : http : / / deil . lang . uiuc . edu / pragmatics / conference99 . html - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lawrence f . bouton 3070 foreign languages building ( 217 ) 244-2737 email : l-bouton @ uiuc . edu
  """",0
  1965,""""Subject: nystesol applied ling
   
   second call for proposals ( please forward to interested lists and individuals ) 21st annual nystesol applied linguistics winter conference lehman college / cuny bronx , ny saturday , january 23rd , 1999 esol standards : achievements , assessments - - - - - - - keynote speaker : eric nadelstern of the international h . s . at laguardia community college , queens will talk on """""""" performance - based assessment standards for esol students and their teachers . """""""" - - - - - - - proposals due : * * * october 14 * * * mail to ms . bhar arsoy , proposal chair fort george station , ps box 251 new york , ny 10040 general suggested topics * academic achievement of esol students in language learning and other content areas * articulation efforts across grades or levels * standards for admission , retention , promotion , and graduation of esol students and their impact at all levels of education * assessment practices , models , and instruments for esol students in language learning and other content areas : analyses , innovations , and critiques * esol teacher education : standards for entrance , retention , promotion , and graduation * using technology to support and assess achievement * achieving and assessing progmatic and sociolinguistic development instructions for proposal submissions : please follow exactly ! individual papers , workshops , and publishers demonstrations are alloted 45 minutes ( publishers and other commercial presenteras are required to pay the exhibitor 's fee ) panel sessions ( several speakers - - one theme ) can be scheduled as either one 45 minute session or one 1 1 / 2 hour session . all presenters must register for the conference . while all presentations will be considered , those which deal directly with the topic will be given preference . 1 . submit 8 copies of a summary of your proposals , maximum length 1 page double spaced . neither your name nor affiliation should appear anywhere on these 8 copies . however , in the upper left hand corner of each copy , you should give the following information : ( 1 ) title , ( 2 ) type of presentation ( paper , workshop , publisher , or panel ) ; ( 3 ) length ( 45 min . or 1 1 / 2 hours ) ; ( 4 ) intended audience ( s ) ( prek , elementary , secondary , adult , higher ed , bilingual , mainstream , teacher educators , materials / curriculum developers , researchers ) ; and ( 5 ) av equipment needed 2 . on a 9th copy ( identical to the copies in # 1 ) , in the upper-right hand corner , place your name , affiliation , mailing address , phone , fax & e-mail , and times you will not be available to present on january 23 ( a . m . or p . m , ) 3 . in addition , submit a 50 word ( max ) abstact of your presentation to appear in the conference program . include the name ( s ) of presenter ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , title and type of presnation , length , and intended audience ( s ) . 4 . absolutely no e-mail or faxes accepted . snail mair only . please ensure that your proposal packet reaches the proposal chair no later than wed . . sept . 23 , 1998 . questions should be addressed to dr . joye smith , alsig chair 718 960 7242 5 . some presentations submitted may look promissing , but the summary and title are occasionally unclear , unattractive to the intended audience or inconsistent with one another . please make every effort to create clear , well-written , engaging , and appropriate titles and summaries . please forward this message to interested lists or individuals michael newman assistant professor of applied linguistics dept . of linguistics and communications disorders queens college / cuny flushing , ny 11367
  """",0
  1966,""""Subject: conference leuven 2 - 4 / 7 / 1998
   
   call for papers """""""" history of linguistic and grammatical praxis """""""" ( leuven , 2 - 4 july , 1998 ) the xi . international colloquium of the """""""" studienkreis geschichte der sprachwissenschaft """""""" will be held at leuven university ( belgium ) from july 2 to july 4 , 1998 . le xie colloque international du """""""" studienkreis geschichte der sprachwissenschaft """""""" se tiendra a l ' universite de leuven ( belgique ) , du 2 au 4 juillet 1998 . vom 2 . bis zum 4 . juli 1998 findet an der universitat leuven das xi . internationale kolloquium des studienkreises """""""" geschichte der sprachwissenschaft """""""" statt . conference languages : english , french , german . deadline for registration and for submitting a paper proposal : february 15 , 1998 . langues du colloque : francais , anglais , allemand . date limite pour les inscriptions : le 15 fevrier 1998 . kongrebsprachen : deutsch , englisch , franzosisch . anmeldeschlub : 15 . februar 1998 . the central theme of the colloquium is the history of linguistic and grammatical , practice-oriented work , with special focus on first and second language teaching , on language planning , language policy , and international auxiliary languages . in addition , there will be a general session reserved for papers on other historiographical topics . publication of the conference proceedings is scheduled . le theme central du colloque est l ' histoire de la praxis linguistique et grammaticale , et plus precisement l ' histoire de l ' enseignement des langues ( langue maternelle / langue seconde ) , la planification des langues , la politique des langues , et les langues auxiliaires internationales . une seance sera reservee aux conferences portant sur d ' autres themes historiographiques . la publication des actes du colloque est prevue . themenschwerpunkt des kolloquiums ist die geschichte der linguistischen und grammatikalischen praxis . im besonderen soll den bereichen mutter - und fremdsprachenunterricht , sprachplannung , sprachpolitik und kunstsprachen aufmerksamkeit gewidmet werden . vortrage zu anderen historiographischen themen sind jedoch auch willkommen . die veroffentlichung der tagungsberichte ist vorgesehen . papers are invited for both the main conference session and the general session . please send the completed registration form below to one of the following addresses by february 15 , 1998 : prof . dr . pierre swiggers , xi . sgds colloquium , departement linguistiek , katholieke universiteit leuven , blijde - inkomststraat 21 , b-3000 leuven , belgium ; fax + 32 - ( 0 ) 16-32 . 47 . 67 or : prof . dr . peter schmitter , postfach 410115 , d-48065 munster , deutschland ; fax : + 49 - ( 0 ) 2534-1890 or , via e-mail to piet . desmet @ arts . kuleuven . ac . be , or , lieve . jooken @ arts . kuleuven . ac . be - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration form xi . international colloquium of the sgds ( leuven ( b ) , 2 - 4 july , 1998 ) name : address : e - mail : phone : fax : 0 i want to receive further information about the xi . sgds colloquium 0 i want to register as a participant in the xi . sgds colloquium 0 i will participate with the following paper ( working title ) : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . abstracts will be required of selected papers by april 1 , 1998 .
  """",0
  1967,""""Subject: relevance theory workshop
   
   relevance theory workshop 8-10 september 1998 , university of luton , england call for papers and registration the second relevance theory workshop aims to bring together those interested in cognitive approaches to communication , in particular ( but not exclusively ) relevance theory . the workshop will feature refereed and invited papers , including a keynote address by professor deirdre wilson . papers contributions are invited for papers on the following topics : ( 1 ) non-truth - conditional meaning ; ( 2 ) conceptual and procedural encoding ; ( 3 ) metarepresentation and interpretive use ; ( 4 ) the nature of and relation between the distinctions : semantics / pragmatics and explicature / implicature ; ( 5 ) critiques of relevance theory ; ( 6 ) any other topic dealt with from a relevance theoretic perspective or which has some bearing on relevance theory . papers on topics ( 1 ) - ( 5 ) will be presented in special topic panels and should be 20 minutes . other papers will be allocated 40 minutes for presentation and discussion ( either 20 + 20 , or 30 + 10 ) . complete papers will be distributed in advance of the workshop in order to increase the chances for useful feedback . instructions for contributors in order to distribute proceedings in advance , full-length papers are invited rather than the more usual abstracts . papers may take the form of pre-publication drafts , and should be a maximum of 6 pages in length , including references and a short ( ten line ) abstract . manuscripts should be typed ( 12 point font ) , single-spaced , with 1 inch ( 2 . 5 cm ) margins on all sides , and no page numbering . three copies of the manuscript should be submitted , one with the author 's name and two anonymously . please also include the following information on a seperate sheet : name , address ( postal and e-mail if available ) , affiliation , title of paper , the topic to which your paper relates ( see ( 1 ) - ( 6 ) above ) , and a contact telephone number . manuscripts should be submitted to : dr . steve nicolle , middlesex university , trent park , bramley road , london n14 4yz , united kingdom deadline for submission : 24 april 1998 contributors will be informed of the status of their paper by the end of may 1998 . additional information the second relevance theory workshop is scheduled to take place immediately prior to the autumn 1998 meeting of the linguistics association of great britain ( 10-12 september 1998 , also at the university of luton ) . the lagb meeting features a keynote address by professor dan sperber and a workshop on experimental pragmatics . luton is easily accessible from london and has its own international airport . registration form if you wish to register , please complete this form and send it back with ( evidence of ) your payment to the following address : dr . vlad zegarac dept . of linguistics university of luton faculty of humanities 75 castle street luton bedfordshire lu1 3aj united kingdom name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address for correspondence : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i would like to register for : ( please circle a or b ) a - - - - - - - - - - the whole conference package b - - - - - - - - - - the conference fee + the options as indicated below ( please put a tick on the line next to your chosen options ) the """""""" package """""""" price : stlg95 ( if sent to arrive by the end of june 1998 ) this includes : conference fee ( obligatory ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ options ( included in the package ) : lunch ( 8th sept . ) stlg7 . 50 _ _ _ dinner ( 8th sept . ) stlg7 . 50 _ _ _ accommodation ( inc . breakfast ) ( 8 / 9 sept . ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ lunch ( 9th sept . ) stlg10 _ _ _ _ _ dinner ( 9th sept . ) stlg10 _ _ _ _ _ accommodation ( inc . breakfast ) ( 9 / 10 sept ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ extra options ( not included in the package ) : accommodation ( inc . breakfast ) ( 7 / 8 sept . ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ accommodation ( inc . breakfast ) ( 10 / 11 sept . ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ lunch ( 10 sept . ) stlg7 . 50 _ _ for payments made after the end of june 1998 add an extra stlg10 methods of payment : return a hard copy of this form and either : 1 . enclose a cheque ( made payable to university of luton ) or 2 . complete and sign the following instruction : please debit stlg _ _ _ _ _ _ from my visa / mastercard number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ valid until _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name in print : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ or 3 . pay by direct bank transfer to the university of luton , midland bank plc . , george street , luton , beds , united kingdom account number : 81276360 sort code : 40 - 30 - 32 ( please encolse a bank receipt ) ( hard copies of this registration form may also be obtained from vlad zegarac at the above address . )
  """",0
  1968,""""Subject: toc : linguistics 36 : 2 ( 1998 ) , 36 : 3 ( 1998 )
   
   linguistics volume 36 - 2 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york julia barron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . have contraction : explaining """""""" trace effects """""""" in a theory without movement kerstin blume . . . . . . . . . . . . . a contrastive analysis of interaction verbs with dative complements yaron matras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . utterance modifiers and universals of grammatical borrowing janice l . jake . . . . . . . . . . . . constructing interlanguage : building a composite matrix language book reviews notice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ linguistics volume 36 - 3 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york laurie bauer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is there a class of neoclassical compounds , and if so is it productive ? caroline wiltshire . . . . . . . . extending align constraints to new domains helen bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . slips of the ear as evidence for the postperceptual priority of grammaticality christiane von stutterheim and ute kohlmann . . . . . . . . . . selective hearer-adaptation ralf klabunde and robert porzel . . . . . . . . . . . . . tailoring spatial descriptions to the addressee : a constraint-based approach michael h . kelly . . . . . . . . . . to """""""" brunch """""""" or to """""""" brench """""""" : some aspects of blend structure short notes carol tenny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . psych verbs and verbal passives in pittsburghese victor m . longa . . . . . . . . . . . newmeyer 's view of the evolution of generative grammar : some critical remarks book reviews notice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
  """",0
  1969,""""Subject: toc : cognitive linguistics 9 : 1 ( 1998 )
   
   cognitive linguistics volume 9 : 1 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york steve nicolle . . . . . . . . a relevance theory perspective on grammaticalization zoltan kovecses and guenter radden . . . . . . . metonymy : developing a cognitive linguistic view dorit ravid and david hanauer . . . . . . . . a prototype theory of rhyme : evidence from hebrew _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de this and further publications can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . de
  """",0
  1970,""""Subject: toc : intern . journal of the sociology of language ( ijsl ) 128 , 129 , 130 ( 1998 )
   
   international journal of the sociology of language issue 128 ( 1997 ) issues in language contact and social power relations edited by florian coulmas mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york frances trix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . alphabet conflict in the balkans : albanian and the congress of monastir didier l . goyvaerts . . . . . . . power , ethnicity , and the remarkable rise of lingala in bukavu , eastern zaire bahram sohrabi . . . . . . . . . . . . ethnolinguistic vitality and patterns of communication among the second generation of iranian immigrants in sweden david guyot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . plurilinguisme et metissage : le cas des metis du togo book review sonia branca - rosoff . . . . . . . construire le sens , by josiane boutet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ international journal of the sociology of language issue 129 ( 1998 ) women 's languages in various parts of the world edited by sachiko ide and beverly hill mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york sachiko ide and beverly hill . preface : seeking the parameters part 1 . gender patterns in language use jenny cheshire and penelope gardner - chloros . . . . . code - switching and the sociolinguistic gender pattern iris e . w . m . bogaers . . . . . . . . . . gender in job interviews : some implications of verbal interactions of women and men part 2 . gender differences in less-described languages mira ariel and rachel giora . . a self versus other point of view in language : redefining femininity and masculinity onuigbo g . nwoye . . . . . . . . . . . . . linguistic gender difference in igbo elizabeth keating . . . . . . . . . . . . a woman 's role in constructing status hierarchies : using honorific language in pohnpei , micronesia tooru hayasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gender differences in modern turkish discourse part 3 . women 's languages in women 's world liming zhao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nushu : chinese women 's characters risako ide and tomomi terada . the historical origins of japanese women 's speech : from the secluded worlds of """""""" court ladies """""""" and """""""" play ladies """""""" ruth mukama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . women 's discourses as the conservators of cultural values in language review article jennifer coates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . plus ca change . . . : language and gender in japan . review of aspects of japanese women ' s language , edited by sachiko ide and naomi mcgloin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ international journal of the sociology of language issue 130 ( 1998 ) linguistic issues of southeast asia edited by asmah haji omar mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york asmah haji omar . . . . . . . . . . . introduction peter w . martin . . . . . . . . . . . a sociolinguistic perspective on brunei cesar a . hidalgo . . . . . . . . . . language choice in a multilingual society : the case of the philippines soenjono dardjowidjojo . . . . strategies for a successful national language policy : the indonesian case asmah haji omar . . . . . . . . . . . language planning and image building : the case of malay in malaysia maya khemlani - david . . . . . . . language shift , cultural maintenance , and ethnic identity ; a study of a minority community : the sindhis of malaysia hafriza burhanudeen . . . . . . . greetings among royalty in malaysia elaine morais . . . . . . . . . . . . . language choice in a malaysian car-assembly plant jamaliah mohd . ali . . . . . . . . strategic communication and linguistic choices in a malaysian student seminar j . a . foley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . code - switching and learning among young children in singapore book review thilagawathi kanagaretnam . rules of speaking : verbal interactions at play , edited by zainab abdul majid and loga mahesan baskaran _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
  """",0
  1971,""""Subject: toc : the linguistic review 15 - 1 ( 1998 )
   
   the linguistic review volume 15 - 1 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york masatoshi koizumi . . . . . . invisible agr in japanese tobias scheer . . . . . . . . . . a unified model of proper government maggie tallerman . . . . . . . the uniform case - licensing of subjects in welsh _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
  """",0
  1972,""""Subject: new books : comparative and general grammar
   
   comparative and general grammar * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * van geenhoven , veerle ( max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen ) ; semantic incorporation and indefinite descriptions : semantic and syntactic aspects of noun incorporation in west greenlandic ; isbn : 1-57586 - 132 - 1 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 133 - x ( cloth ) ; 248 pp . csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . distributed by cambridge university press . this volume presents """""""" semantic incorporation """""""" as an analysis accounting for many strking similarities between the semantic properties of incorporated nouns in west greenlandic and bare plurals and split noun phrases in west germanic language . this analysis uniformly treats these nominal expressions as predicative indefinites . at the outset , van geenhoven explores the empirical basis for why semantic incorporation is needed . the inability of existing semantic theories of indefinites as well as current structural approaches to noun incorporation to account for the data observed is then explored , and finally , the work presents semantic incorporation as a subtheory of indefinites . this volume will be of interest to semanticists , lexicalists , syntacticians and linguists . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * zoll , cheryl ( massachusetts institute of technology ) ; parsing below the segment in a constraint-based framework ; isbn : 1-57586 - 130 - 5 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 131 - 3 ( cloth ) ; 172 pp . csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . distributed by cambridge university press . this book proposes a new way of understanding the behavior of consonants and vowels in a broad cross-section of the world 's languages . also introduced is a new model of subsegmental phonology within optimality theory that differs from standard autosegmental phonology both in its limited use of representational distinctions and in the form of the grammar to which the representations submit . the research focuses particularly on oating features and ghost segments , and demonstrates that the current understanding of segmental representation fails to characterize the full range of subsegmental phenomena found cross-linguistically . zoll proposes instead an analysis in which the grammar derives the variety of surface phenomena from a single underlying representation . the typology that results from this analysis correctly classies the entire range of behavior associated with subminimal phonological units . this work thus both enlarges the empirical foundation on which an adequate theory of segment structure must be based , and in developing such an account sheds new light on classic problems of subsegmental parsing . the problems dealt with here include classics such as the pattern of liaison consonants in french , as well as more obscure phenomena such as the assignment of tone marking in the african languages mende and kukuya . it is the rst book to apply the results of current phonological theory to this area . this book will be of great interest to linguists and to other people who are interested in knowing more about sound patterns in language . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications
  """",0
  1973,""""Subject: new books : studies in logic , language and information
   
   studies in logic , language and information * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * kanazawa , makoto ( chiba university , japan ) ; learnable classes of categorial grammars ; isbn 1-57586 - 096 - 1 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 097 - x ( cloth ) , 184 pp . csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . distributed by cambridge university press . this book investigates learnability of various classes of classical categorial grammars within the gold paradigm of identification in the limit from positive data . two types of learning , learning from structures and learning from flat strings , are considered . the class of k-valued grammars for k = 1 , 2 , 3 . . . , is shown to be learnable both from structures and from strings , while the class of least-valued grammars and the class of least-cardinality grammars are shown to be learnable from structures . in proving these learnable results , crucial use is made of a theorem on the concept known as finite elasticity . the learning algorithms used in this work build on buszkowski and penn 's algorithms for finding categorial grammars from input consisting of functor-argument structures . ginzburg , jonathan ( hebrew university of jerusalem ) , khasidashvili , zurab ( ntt basic research labs , japan ) , vogel , carl ( university of dublin ) , le ' vy , jean - jacques ( ecole polytechnique ) , vallduvi ' , enric ( universitat pompeu fabra ) ; the tbilisi symposium on logic language and computation : selected papers ; isbn : 1-57586 - 098 - 8 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 099 - 6 ( cloth ) , 376 pp . csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . distributed by cambridge university press . this volume brings together papers from linguists , logicians and computer scientists from thirteen countries ( armenia , denmark , france , georgia , germany , israel , italy , japan , poland , spain , sweden , uk and usa ) . this collection has two main aims : first to serve as a catalyst for new interdisciplinary developments in language , logic and computation ; and second , to introduce new ideas from the expanded european academic community . spanning a wide range of disciplines , the papers included in this volume cover such topics as formal semantics of natural language , dynamic semantics , channel theory , formal syntax of natural language , formal language theory , corpus-based methods in computational linguistics , computational semantics , syntactic and semantic aspects of lambda-calculus , non-classical logics , and a fundamental problem in predicate logic . the papers that appear in this volume have been selected from those originally presented at the first tbilisi symposium on language , logic and computation that took place in gudauri , the republic of georgia , in october 1995 .
  """",0
  1974,""""Subject: french grad student conference
   
   appel de communications les etudiants gradues du departement d ' etudes francaises de l ' universite de western ontario vous invitent a participer a leur colloque annuel interdisciplinaire qui aura lieu les 3 et 4 avril 1998 sur le theme : la langue de l ' autre . les propositions sont attendues sans restriction de domaine d ' etude . voici quelques suggestions sur le sujet : - langue de l autre et alterite - langue de l ' autre et communication - langue de l ' autre et appropriation - langue de l ' autre et culture - langue de l ' autre et francophonie - langue de l ' autre et ecriture de soi - langue de l ' autre et censure - langue de l ' autre et intertextualite - langue de l ' autre et interpretation - langue de l ' autre et marginalite . . . les propositions devront \ 234tre soumises en francais avant le 10 fevrier 1998 , et ne devront pas depasser 250 mots . par courriel : cberoud @ bosshog . arts . uwo . ca remmanve @ julian . uwo . ca par telecopieur : 519-661 - 3470 http : / / www . uwo . ca / french / recherche / langueautre . html ou a l ' adresse suivante : colloque etudiant """""""" la langue de l ' autre """""""" carole beroud / emmanuelle ravel department of french university college university of western ontario london , ontario n6a 3k7 jeff tennant vice - directeur / vice - chair departement de francais / department of french the university of western ontario london , ontario n6a 3k7 canada tel : ( 519 ) 661-2111 xt 5688 ( 519 ) 661-2163 ( messages ) fax : ( 519 ) 661-3470 jtennant @ julian . uwo . ca http : / / www . uwo . ca / french /
  """",0
  1975,""""Subject: new books : semantics
   
   semantics * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * de swart , henriette ( university of utrecht ) ; introduction to natural language semantics ; isbn : 1-57586 - 138 - 0 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 139 - 9 ( cloth ) ; 258 pp . csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . distributed by cambridge university press . semantics is defined as the study of meaning expressed by elements of a language or combinations thereof . utterances are not just noices or scribbles , they are used to convey information , they are linked with kinds of events , with states of mind , etc . speaker and hearer use language to communicate . this introduction is concerned with the semantics of natural languages . the text examines what issues semantics , as a theory of meaning , should address ; determining what the meanings of words of the language are and how to semantically combine elements of a language to build up complex meanings . logical langauges are then developed as formal metalanguages to natural language . subsequent chapters address propositional logic , the syntax and semantics of ( first-order ) predicate logic as an extension of propositional logic , and generalized quantifier theory . going beyond extenstional theory , de swart relativizes the interpretation of expressions to times to account for verbal tense , time adverbials and temporal connectives and introduces possible worlds to model intensions , modal adverbs and modal auxiliaries . this broad overview of natural language semantics should cover most of the points addressed in an introductory course . numerous exercises punctuate each chapter and an example exam based on the materials presented is included , making this volume a perfect textbook and resource for any undergraduate or graduate-level introductory course in semantics . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications
  """",0
  1976,""""Subject: new books : computational linguistics
   
   computational linguistics * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * nerbonne , john ( groningen ) ; linguistic databases ; isbn : 1-57586 - 092 - 9 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 093 - 7 ( cloth ) ; 244 pp . csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . linguistic databases explains the whys and hows of the increasng use of databases in linguistics . the enormous potential in linguistic data - - billions of utterances and messages daily - - has been difficult to exploit . data must be archived and organized . many linguists have had to concentrate on introspective data with its inevitable blinders toward frequency , variation , and naturalness . applications of linguistics have been handicapped . databases not only store large amounts of data , but also impose an organization in data , which facilitates access for researchers and applications developers . linguistic databases reports on database activities in phonetics , phonology , lexicography and syntax , comparative grammar , second-language acquisition , linguistic fieldwork and language pathology . this volume presents the specialized problems of multimedia ( especially audio ) and multilingual texts , including those in exotic writing systems . implemented solutions are discussed . the opportunities to use existing , minimally structured text repositories are presented . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * aliseda , atocha ( unam ) , van glabbeek , rob ( stanford university ) , and westerstaahl , dag ( stockholm university ) ; computing natural language ; isbn : 1-57586 - 100 - 3 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 101 - 1 ( cloth ) ; 158 pp . csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . computing natural language pursues the recent increased interest in the interface of logic , language and computation , with applications to artificial intelligence and machine learning . it contains a variety of contributions to the logical and computational analysis of natural language . a wide range of logical and computational tools are employed and applied to such varied areas as context-dependency , linguistic discourse , and formal grammar ; this volume is a collection of papers illustrating state-of - the-art interdisciplinary research collecting logic , language , computation and ai . the papers in this volume deal with context-dependency from philosophical , computational , and logical points of view . a logical framework for combining dynamic discourse semantics and preferential reasoning in ai is also presented . other subjects include negative polarity items in connection with affective predicates ; head - driven phrase structure grammar from a perspective of type theory and category theory ; and an axiomatic theory of machine learning of natural language , with applications to physics word problems . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications
  """",0
  1977,""""Subject: new book : japanese linguistics
   
   japanese linguistics hamano , shoko ( the george washington university ) ; the sound-symbolic system of japanese ; isbn : 1-57586 - 144 - 5 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 144 - 5 ( cloth ) ; csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . this book is the first theoretical study of sound-symbolic expressions in japanese commonly known as mimetic words . it identifies stringent linguistic constraints on these expressions and demonstrates that they form an intricate linguistic system rather than a collection of ad hoc expressions . it then carefully identifies the sound-symbolic meanings of sound units so as to make the elusive meaning of each sound-symbolic expression fully comprehensible . in addition , this book describes a number of interesting facts about the history of the japanese language which mimetic words reveal . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications
  """",0
  1978,""""Subject: new book : morphology
   
   morphology lapointe , stephen ( uc davis ) , brentari , diane k . ( purdue university ) , and farrell , patrick m . ( uc davis ) morphology and its relation to phonology and syntax ; isbn : 1-57586 - 112 - 7 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 113 - 5 ( cloth ) ; csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . this volume brings together leading experts in the field to explore key issues in current morphology and the interactions of morphology with phonology and syntax . included here are papers on compounding , argument structure , voice systems , agreement marking , movement of constituents in compounds and derived forms , haplology , affix realization , stem selection and allomorphy , levels in phonology-morphology interactions , and nonisomorphism across grammatical components . these topics are considered from a variety of theoretical perspectives , among them the theory of lexical conceptual structure , the principles and parameters framework , lexical functional grammar , autolexical syntax , optimality theory , distributed morphology , paradigm - based realizational morphology , and the theory of cophonologies . this volume , derived from a conference , also contains commentaries on the papers as well as edited transcripts of the discussion sessions following the formal presentations . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications
  """",0
  1979,""""Subject: new book : bantu language
   
   bantu language hyman , larry m . ( university of california , berkeley ) and kisseberth , charles w . ( tel aviv university ) ; theoretical aspects of bantu tone ; isbn : 1-57586 - 094 - 5 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 095 - 3 ( cloth ) ; csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . this book brings together a collection of papers focusing on the tonal systems of the bantu languages of sub - saharan africa . these papers are alike in their attempt to fuse the description of bantu tone with linguistic theory , but at the same time reflect a range of such theoretical perspectives ( autosegmental phonology , lexical phonology , optimality theory , optimal domains theory ) . much new descriptive material is to be found in this collection , as well as attempts to bring bantu tonology to bear on critical issues of phonological theory . this collection of papers stands as a testimony to the benefits to be gained from the marriage of theory and description . this book provides new theoretical insights and analyses of the complexities known to characterize bantu tone systems . three of the articles indicate not only how one can apply the concepts of rapidly developing optimality theory , but also how the latter can be shaped by the unique features found in these languages . while two of the contributions use standard ot , the third by cassimjee and kisseberth provides a detailed introduction of optimal domains theory ( odt ) and its application to a number of bantu tone systems . these and other articles provide new insights into the treatment of long-distance tonal effects , tonal domains , depressor consonants , and other issues known through the autosegmental and metrical literature on tone . the collection features contributors from both sides of the atlantic and contributions that have both synchronic and diachronic significance for the field . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications
  """",0
  1980,""""Subject: new book : australian language
   
   australian language nordlinger , rachel ( max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen ) ; constructive case ; isbn : 1-57586 - 134 - 8 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 135 - 6 ( cloth ) ; csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . australian aboriginal languages have many interesting grammatical characteristics that challenge some of the central assumptions of current linguistic theory . these languages exhibit many unusual morphosyntactic characteristics that have not yet been adequately incorporated into current linguistic theory . this volume focuses on the complex properties of case morphology in these nonconfigurational languages , including extensive case stacking and the use of case to mark tense / aspect / mood . while problematic for many syntactic approaches , these case properties are given a natural and unified account in the lexicalist model of constructive case developed in this book , which allows case morphology to construct the larger syntactic context independently of phrase structure . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications
  """",0
  1981,""""Subject: new book : discourse analysis
   
   discourse analysis koenig , jean - pierre ( state university of new york at buffalo ) ; discourse and cognition : bridging the gap ; isbn : 1-57586 - 114 - 3 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 115 - 1 ( cloth ) ; csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . this volume brings together research from both """""""" cognitive """""""" and """""""" functional """""""" approaches to linguistics . the collection includes work from cognitive science disciplines whose concerns overlap with linguistics , such as articial intelligence , neurolinguistics , and psychology . despite their diversity , the papers in this volume are all inspired by the same fundamental question : to what extent is the structure of languages affected by human cognitive structures and language use ? * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications
  """",0
  1982,""""Subject: announcing rifra ' 98
   
   rifra ' 98 international workshop on extraction , filtering and automatic summarization sfax centre hotel , sfax - tunisia 11-14 november , 1998 organised by : laris laboratory ( fseg - sfax ) cams , lalic group ( cnrs - ehess - university paris sorbonne ) supported by : cycle de formation doctorale en informatique - ensi-fst , tunisia ministre de l ' enseignement suprieur , tunisia secrtariat d ' tat la recherche scientifique , tunisia cole doctorale de l ' universit paris - sorbonne , france aupelf / uref ministre de la recherche et de la technologie , france call for participation for several years , the scientific community has demonstrated an increasing and recurrent great interest for automatic methods concerning extract construction , summaries and specialised information filtering . the recently organised conferences in this field have focussed on the diversity of approaches ( statistics , neuronal nets , symbolic , linguistics , cognitive , . . . ) but they have n't always led to either comparison between obtained results or highlighting the aimed objectives not always emphasized either the comparison between obtained results , or highlighting the aimed finalities ( document selection , technological awakening , writing assistance , information synthesis , elaboration of summary model , . . . ) . rifra ' 98 will focus in particular on the following topics : * information extraction . * information filtering ( web , corpus , cd-rom , . . . ) . * automatic summarization . * performance evaluation methodology of automatic summarization systems . this workshop aims also at establishing future collaboration between researchers , users , and industrialists in the field of automatic summarization . to reach these objectives , the total number of participants will be limited to 25 up to 40 . a particular interest will be granted to discussions that will follow communications , a panel will be organised for each theme . official languages : oral communications will be in french and english . there won't be simultaneous translation . program : programme tuesday , 10 november1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 19 : 00 - 21 : 00 registration wednesday , 11 november 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 08 : 00 - 09 : 00 registration 09 : 00 - 10 : 00 general session ( a . ben hamadou , j . p . descls , j . l minel ) 10 : 00 - 10 : 30 official opening 10 : 30 - 11 : 00 coffe break * session n1 : automatic filtering ( 1 ) * chairman : mohammed moalla 11 : 00-12 : 00 : udo hahn automatic extracting - a poor man 's approach to automatic abstracting 12 : 00-12 : 45 analyse automatique des textes : l ' exemple des expressions dfinitoires author : emanuel cartier ( cams , paris ) 12 : 45-13 : 30 reprage d ' objets textuels fonctionnels pour le filtrage d ' information : le cas de la dfinition authors : josette rebeyrolle & marie - paule woodley ( universit toulouse le mirail , toulouse ) 13 : 30 - 15 : 00 lunch * session n2 : automatic filtering ( 2 ) chairman : udo hahn 15 : 00-15 : 45 la segmentation pour l ' indexation d ' un document technique : principe et mthodes authors : genevive lallich & tarek ouerfelli ( laboratoire gresec , grenoble ) 15 : 45 - 16 : 30 exploration , pour l ' laboration de requtes de filtrage de textes , des connaissances causales dtectes par coatis author : daniela garcia ( edf / der , paris ) 16 : 30 - 17 : 00 : coffe break 17 : 00 - 17 : 45 : filtrage automatique de phrases temporelles d ' un texte author : rim faiz ( institut des hautes etudes commerciales , carthage ) 17 : 45 - 18 : 30 classification du verbe arabe et stockage des donnes en vue de l ' analyseautomatique des textes authors : everhard ditters , mohamed hassoun ( universit des nimgue , nimgue ) thursday , 12 november 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 8 : 00 - 9 : 00 : michel charolles ( confrence invite ) l ' organisation du texte , le filtrage et le rsum . * session n3 : gnration de rsums chairman : rafik bouaziz 9 : 00 - 9 : 45 automatic summarization by paragraph initial sentences extraction author : pieter a . m . seuren ( nijmegen university , nijmegen ) 10 : 00 - 10 : 45 : where does information come from ? corpus analysis for automatic abstracting authors : horacio saggion & guy lapalme ( universit de montral , montral ) 10 : 45 - 11 : 15 : coffe break 11 : 15 - 12 : 00 on the real time elision of text authors : i . marshall , f . pezeshkpour , j . a . bangham ( university of east anglia , norwich ) 12 : 00 - 12 : 45 : utilisation de schmas de rsums en vue d ' amliorer la qualit des extraits et de rsums automatiques authors : ellouze mariem & ben hamadou abdelmajid ( laris , sfax ) 12 : 45 - 13 : 30 : une architecture gnrique base sur le raisonnement par cas pour produire des rsums authors : laurence capus & nicole tourigny ( universit laval sainte - foy , laval ) 13 : 30 - 15 : 00 : lunch * session n4 : information extraction chairman : michel charolles 15 : 00-15 : 45 une mthode de production d ' extraits base sur leurs classements l ' aide d ' un algorithme gntique authors : jaoua maher & ben hamadou abdelmajid ( laris , sfax ) 15 : 45-16 : 30 : exibum : un systme exprimental d ' extraction d ' information bilingue authors : leila kosseim &guy lapalme ( universit de montral , montral ) 16 : 30 - 17 : 00 coffe break 17 : 00 - 17 : 45 extraction d ' information : adaptation lexicale et calcul dynamique du sens author : thierry poibeau ( thomson - csf , orsay ) 17 : 45 - 18 : 30 table ronde : elaboration d ' un projet de coopration sur le filtrage automatique friday , 13 november 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = outing . saturday , 14 novembre 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 9 : 00 - 10 : 00 confrence invite ( j - g . meunier ) la gestion de la connaissances dans les entreprises et les intelliciels . * session n5 : recherche d ' informations sur le web chairman : pieter seuren 9 : 00 - 9 : 45 : classes d ' vnements et synthse des services web d ' actualit authors : pierre - yves foucou ( universit paris xiii , villetaneuse ) 9 : 45-10 : 30 : optimisation du choix de la terminologie pour la reformulation de requtes authors : s . kanoun & b . dousset ( irit , toulouse ) 10 : 30 - 11 : 00 coffe break 11 : 00 - 11 : 45 reformulation de requtes et extraction de phrases pertinentes pour la collecte d ' informations sur le web authors : leila nait - baha & agata jackiewicz & philippe laublet ( cams , paris ) 11 : 45 - 12 : 30 cogniweb modlisation hybride linguistique et numrique pour un outil de filtrage d ' informations sur les rseaux authors : christophe jouis &widad mustafa el - hadi & vincent rialle ( universit charles de gaulle , lille , universit joseph fourier , grenoble ) 12 : 30 - 14 : 30 : lunch session n6 : tools for filtering and extraction prsident : mr abdellatif abid 14 : 30 - 15 : 15 : la paraphrase entre l ' analyse et la gnration : systme 3ad ( aide l ' analyse automatique du discours ) authors : ismail timimi & salaheddine ben ali ( universit stendhal , grenoble ) 15 : 15 - 16 : 30 : abstraction incrmentale des donnes : application l ' extraction de l ' information pertinente authors : h . belad ajroud &ali jaoua & r . khcherif ( universit detunis , tunis ) 16 : 30 - 17 : 15 : systme de navigation dans une base de donnes documentaire utilisant le thesaurus rectangulaire : ' navigateur 2000 ' authors : m . m . gammoudi & n . bani & s . sofiene & z . abdelouahab ( universit de tunis , tunis ) 17 : 15 coktail * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * registration registration should be sent to the following address using the enclosed form . abdelmajid ben hamadou facult des sciences economiques et de gestion de sfax , laboratoire laris b . p . 1088 , 3018 sfax , tunisie fax : ( 216 ) 4 279 139 tel : ( 216 ) 4 278 777 email : abdelmajid . benhamadou @ fsegs . rnu . tn registration fees include a copy of the proceedings , lunches ( wednesday , thursday and saturday ) , break coffees and dinner of thursday . accommodations the sfax centre hotel ( where the workshop will be held ) offer special prices for participants : 50 tunisian dinars ( 250 french francs ) per night for one person . participants who wish to make reservation in this hotel should contact the hotel as soon as possible . sfax centre hotel tel : ( 216 ) 4 225 700 fax : ( 216 ) 4 225 521 travelling : by plane : there are direct flights between paris and sfax and some other european towns . for those who wish to come via tunis , """""""" tunis air """""""" company allows two flights per week ( tuesday and thursday ) between sfax and tunis . the flight takes 1 hour . departure from tunis at 5 p . m . 30 min . departure from sfax at 6 am 45 min by train : there is a daily train ( with a confort class ) connecting sfax to tunis ( the trip takes 4 hours ) . departure from tunis at : 7 am 10 min , 1 p . m . 5 min , 2 p . m . 5min , 5 p . m . 30 min , 9 p . m . 20 min . by bus and taxis there are buses and collective taxis connecting sfax to tunis and many other tunisian towns . schedules depend on each company and are not punctual . we do not recommend participants to take collective taxis . tourism an excursion is planned for friday . sfax has a nice medina ( old town ) with a medieval architecture . kerkenah island is near sfax and could be reached by boat ( 90 minutes ) . the tunisian south ( and its oasis , tozeur , nefta , etc . ) could be reached by airmail or by car . program committee andr abou , ecole doctorale d ' ingnierie linguistique abdel belad , crin - nancy abdelmajid ben hamadou , laris sfax emna ben mefteh , laris sfax michel charolles , landisco nancy jean - pierre descls , cams paris udo hahn freiburg university chritian flurh , cea ali jaoua , erpah tunis farouk kammoun , ensi tunis jean - guy meunier , lanci uquam jean - luc minel , cams paris pieter seuren , u . nijmegen organising committee lamia belguith , laris sfax emna ben mefteh , laris sfax mariem ellouze , laris sfax maher jaoua , laris sfax jean - luc minel , cams paris registration form first name : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - second name : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - affiliation : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - fax : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tel . : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - address : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration fees : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration fees : * students 85 $ us ( 500 ff ) ( please send a copy of the inscription ) * university staff $ us ( 1000 ff ) * others 210 $ us ( 1250 ff ) payment : bank transfer recipient : association d ' innovation et de la technologie """""""" account number : 11 70 10 03 66 56 30 17 88 39 . tnd bank : ubci , agency chebbi sfax sfax - tunisia registration deadline : 10 november 1998 registration form should be sent with a receipt indicating the registration fees transfer . * by mail to the following address : abdelmajid ben hamadou facult des sciences economique et de gestion de sfax laboratoire laris b . p 1088 3018 sfax , tunisia * or by fax to the following fax number : 216 4 279 139
  """",0
  1983,""""Subject: 2nd call for papers : adl5
   
   fifth meeting of the adl 4 - 5 december 1998 university of paris 7 - denis diderot the atelier des doctorants de linguistique ( adl ) is an organisation created and run by students . with the support of theuniversity of paris 7 , it aims at developing exchanges between students from different theoretical backgrounds . the fifth meeting provides anopportunity for young linguists to present their works and exchange ideas through : * papers on miscellaneous areas of linguistics * workshops on interdisciplinary topics * friendly breaks providing an opportunity forinformal discussions . this meeting is organised by students and is student-oriented . papers , preferably delivered in french , should deal with the following fields : computational linguistics , history of linguistics , lexicology , phonetics , phonology , pragmatics , psycholinguistics , semantics , sociolinguistics , syntax and morphology . a three-page abstract setting out the theoretical background , hypotheses , examples and results which are to be presented at the meeting should be sent by october15th . abstracts should be submitted , ( by email in rtf-format if possible ) , to sabrina . bendjaballah @ linguist . jussieu . fr ( for macintosh ) patricia . cabredo - hofherr @ linguist . jussieu . fr ( for pc formats ) . if you send your abstact by mail please enclose three anonymous copies along with a separate listing of name , institutional affiliation , preferred mailing address , phone , e-mail address and paper title to the following address : 5emes rencontres de l ' adl universite paris 7 - denis diderot ufr de linguistique - case 7003 tour centrale , piece 911 2 , place jussieu 75251 paris cedex 05 accepted speakers will be notified by the program committee in early november . the meeting will be free of charge . furthermore , we will try to arrange accommodation for speakers . for further information , join us at http : / / www . linguist . jussieu . fr / ~ leglise / adlp7 / adlp7 . htm or at cabredo @ ccr . jussieu . fr . program committee : nicolas ballier , sabrina bendjaballah , patricia cabredo hofherr , emmanuelle canut , pierre jalenques , isabelle leglise , helene le guillou de penanros ( coordination ) , tobias scheer , kim stroumza . abstract deadline : october 15th , 1998 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ appel a communications cinquiemes rencontres de l ' atelier des doctorants de linguistique de l ' universite paris 7 4 - 5 decembre 1998 universite de paris 7 - denis diderot structure creee et geree par des doctorants , l ' atelier des doctorants de linguistique ( a . d . l . ) de paris 7 , avec le soutien de son ecole doctorale , a pour objectif de favoriser les echanges entre etudiants travaillant dans des domaines et dans des cadres theoriques differents . dans cette optique , il organise pour la cinquieme annee consecutive des rencontres , occasion pour de jeunes linguistes de presenter leurs travaux et de confronter leurs points de vues a travers : * des presentations dans des domaines varies de la linguistique * des ateliers-debats autour de themes transversaux * des pauses conviviales laissant le temps aux discussions la particularite de ces rencontres est leur caractere etudiant : organisation , comite de lecture et intervenants . les communications se situeront dans les domaines suivants : histoire des idees linguistiques , lexicologie , linguistique et informatique , morphologie , phonetique , phonologie , pragmatique linguistique , psycholinguistique , semantique , sociolinguistique et syntaxe . les etudiants interesses enverront un resume de 3 pages avant le 15 octobre 1998 , comprenant : une explicitation de leurs presupposes theoriques , les hypotheses , exemples et resultats exposes lors de la presentation . ce resume est a soumettre , si possible par email en format rtf a : sabrina . bendjaballah @ linguist . jussieu . fr ( format macintosh ) patricia . cabredo - hofherr @ linguist . jussieu . fr ( format pc ) ou a adresser , en 3 exemplaires anonymes accompagnes d ' une fiche personnalisee ( nom , universite de rattachement , adresse personnelle et professionnelle , telephone , email , titre de la communication ) a l ' adresse suivante : 5emes rencontres de l ' adl universite paris 7 - denis diderot ufr de linguistique - case 7003 tour centrale , piece 911 2 , place jussieu 75251 paris cedex 05 l ' acceptation des communications sera notifiee par le comite de lecture debut novembre . la participation a ces rencontres est gratuite . nous essaierons , de plus , de mettre en place des possibilites d ' hebergement . les personnes souhaitant des renseignements complementaires peuvent nous contacter a la meme adresse ou par email , ou www : http : / / www . linguist . jussieu . fr / ~ leglise / adlp7 / adlp7 . html organisation : nicolas ballier , sabrina bendjaballah , patricia cabredo hofherr , emmanuelle canut , pierre jalenques , isabelle leglise , helene le guillou de penanros ( coordination ) , tobias scheer , kim stroumza . date limite pour les resumes : 15 octobre 1998
  """",0
  1984,""""Subject: acl-99 call for theme proposals
   
   call for theme proposals acl-99 conference : the 37th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics university of maryland june 22 - - 27 1999 the association for computational linguistics would like to encourage the submission of papers on substantial , original , and unpublished research on all aspects of computational linguistics . a particular aim for the 1999 conference is a broadening of both the thematic coverage and geographical origin of submissions ; to this end , we are experimenting with a new format . some proportion of the conference will be given over to special sessions , somewhat like a special issue of a journal , organised around themes proposed by members of the nlp community . our aim is to incorporate some of the intensity and excitement of the traditional post-conference workshops , without replacing those workshops - - - we expect , as has become traditional , that there will also be a set of post-conference workshops that will remain separate from the main meeting . this call invites proposals for thematic sessions in accordance with the considerations below ; a final call for papers will be sent out in early november . what is a thematic session ? we are soliciting proposals for themes that will provide 4 - - 8 high quality papers , typically forming one or two sessions in the main conference . proposers of accepted themes , who will become the chairs of those sessions , will have similar responsibilities to those of workshop organisers in terms of arranging reviewing and the delivery of camera ready copy ; however , the papers will be scheduled as part of the main sessions and will be published as part of the main conference proceedings . in terms of subject area coverage , we expect thematic sessions will be closer to workshop topic areas in focus . format of theme proposals please specify the following : - chair details : name , address , email , telephone number , fax - title - summary : at most one page describing the proposed subject area , citing evidence that there is sufficient interest in the area to generate enough high quality submissions to populate up to a half-day 's worth of presentations . - proposed review committee : each paper submitted should be reviewed by at least three people . as part of your proposal , you should suggest a potential review committee of around 12 people who will be asked to serve on the committee if the proposal is accepted . your list should demonstrate the spread of interest in the area in the community , encouraging both international participation and the participation of a broad range of researchers , including both senior members of the community and graduate students . theme proposals should be submitted to the email address provided below . informal enquiries as to what might work as a theme can also be directed to this address in advance of the submission date . possible themes might be topics like : nlp and data mining ; word segmentation in asian languages ; reconciling functional and formal approaches to syntax ; approaches to concept to speech . we provide these examples only as indications of the variety of topic areas that will be considered . important dates this call issued : september 14 , 1998 theme submissions deadline : october 12 , 1998 notification of selected themes : october 26 , 1998 call for papers : early november 1998 paper submissions deadline : january 25 , 1999 notification of acceptance : march 22 , 1999 camera ready papers due : may 3 , 1999 general submission questions chairs for the acl-99 program are ken church and robert dale . all queries regarding the program should be sent to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au ; this forwards to both authors . submission format theme proposals should be of approximately two pages in length , ideally submitted in ascii by email to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au with the subject : """""""" acl99 theme proposal """""""" . more complicated formats such as standalone latex ( not requiring additional style files ) , postscript , and word will be accepted if they print on the first try . hardcopy proposals should be faxed or mailed to * both * of the chairs , clearly labeled """""""" acl99 theme proposal """""""" . proposals should be received by 5pm gmt on october 12th 1998 . ken church ( co - chair ) robert dale ( chair ) at&t labs - research microsoft research institute 180 park ave , office d235 school of mpce po box 971 macquarie university florham park , nj 07932-0971 , usa sydney nsw 2109 , australia kwc @ research . att . com robert . dale @ mq . edu . au tel : + 1 973-360 - 8620 tel : + 61 2 9850 6331 fax : + 1 973-360 - 8077 fax : + 61 2 9850 9529
  """",0
  1985,""""Subject: toc glot international 3 - 6 ( helen dry on the history of linguist ! )
   
   table of contents of glot international , vol . 3 , issue 6 with a guest column by helen dry on the history of the linguist list ! editors : lisa l . s . cheng and rint sybesma < mail to : glot @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl > < http : / / www . hag . nl / glot . htm > state - of-the - article floating quantifiers : handle with care by jonathan david bobaljik """""""" the claim that since ( 1a ) and ( 1b ) """""""" mean """""""" the same , they must be transformationally related relies on the tacit assumption that there would be no other way for the two sentences to mean the same . the brief discussion of adverbial quantification above is intended to show not that this assumption is false , but that the question is still open . """""""" guest column / goodies the linguist list a personal history by helen dry """""""" behind the scenes , linguist editorial work is partly editing an academic journal and partly a mix of librarianship , amateur electronics and keeping up with 10 , 000 pen pals . """""""" dissertations on pitch accent phenomena in standard japanese by yuko yoshida ( soas , 1995 ) , reviewed by nancy ritter book reviews the infinite economy of complementation or : the return of the new england linguistic society by marcel den dikken review of the syntax of nonfinite complementation . an economy approach by zeljko boskovic ( mit press 1997 ) . verbal morphology , case marking and telicity by toshiyuki ogihara review of aspect and predication : the semantics of argument structure by gillian c . ramchand ( clarendon / oxford , 1997 ) the number of death a linguistic mystery in eight installments by chris sidney tappan chapter 5 : where is the evidence ? rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
  """",0
  1986,""""Subject: review of ostertag
   
   ostertag , gary ( ed ) ( 1998 ) definite descriptions : a reader , cambridge , ma : mit press , xii + 411pp , $ 30 . 00 . the collection begins with a substantive introductory essay by the editor . this is followed by fifteen papers , the majority of which were originally published in journals or in other anthologies , although some were originally chapters or parts of chapters of books . the collection ends with a useful bibliography , with readings arranged by topic . the first of the fifteen papers in ostertag 's anthology is russell 's 1905 paper ' on denoting ' , and the remaining papers are arranged in more or less chronological order , ending with a 1995 paper of stephen schiffer 's titled ' descriptions , indexicals , and belief reports : some dilemmas ( but not the ones you expect ) ' . the one deviation from the chronological sequence is stephen neale 's 1993 paper ' grammatical form , logical form , and incomplete symbols ' , which is placed in the sequence just after several papers authored or co-authored by russell . presumably the reason for placing neale 's paper out of chronological order is that it illuminates some of the more technical background notions whose grasp is essential to an understanding of the debate represented in the ensuing papers . neale discusses the distinction between grammatical and logical form , raises questions about the appropriate way to represent ordinary language quantifiers in semantic theory , discusses russell 's claim that definite descriptions are incomplete symbols , and discusses the implications of this for an attempt to give a compositional semantics for sentences containing descriptions . the other papers in the collection are the classic ones by strawson , donnellan and kripke , as well as more recently influential papers by such authors as peacocke , wettstein , soames and neale . ostertag regrets that he could n't have included more papers in his volume . he regrets for instance not including some of the work by marga reimer or by nathan salmon . ostertag compensates for this gap in a small way by spending some time in his introductory essay on reimer 's arguments against treating ' the f ' as a quantifier , and on salmon 's arguments against wettstein 's anti - russellian views . ostertag 's introductory chapter breaks the mold for this sort of essay , in the sense that it does n't contain a summary of the central arguments of the collected papers . possibly ostertag felt that since the majority of the papers in his collection are classics in the field , or at least frequently referred to by others in the field , it was unnecessary to encapsulate their central arguments in this way . presumably most instructors using this as a textbook in a philosophy of language course will be very familiar with the arguments contained in these papers . instead , ostertag 's essay presents a ( by his own admission partial ) view of some of the twists and turns the debate has taken . ostertag begins with a brief historical account of russell 's reasons for moving away from the extreme realist view which , under the influence of meinong , he had earlier accepted , to the position defended in ' on denoting ' . ostertag then lays out the treatment that russell gave to definite descriptions in principia mathematica , noting some of the contortions that russell had to go through to represent scope differences in his notation . ostertag ends this section by explaining the method of representing natural language quantifiers ( the method of restricted quantification ) that is favored by contemporary russellians , such as neale . this is followed by an interesting section in which ostertag argues that the contemporary significance of russell 's work is rather different from the significance it had when russell first published ' on denoting ' , partly due to the fact that russell 's treatment of descriptions as devices of quantification has been so readily incorporated into contemporary grammatical theory . ostertag turns next to a discussion of the referential / attributive distinction . ostertag 's conclusion is that referential uses of descriptions are adequately accounted for by a gricean strategy . that is , in cases in which a description is used referentially , we must distinguish what is meant from what is said . the referential understanding is retrieved via gricean mechanisms as an implicature from what is said . ostertag does n't explicitly discuss some of the neo - gricean and relevance theoretical alternatives that have appeared recently in the literature that challenge this gricean solution . however , ostertag 's footnotes do point readers to some of these alternative accounts . ostertag concludes with a discussion of the problem of incomplete descriptions ( e . g . descriptions such as ' the table is covered with books ' , which strawson first drew attention to ) , and with a discussion of various challenges by marga reimer and others to russell 's assimilation of descriptions to quantifiers . ostertag seems more pessimistic that russellians can deal adequately with these problems , and concludes his discussion with the claim that once we accept the context-sensitivity of descriptions , which it seems we must , then """""""" we are no longer in possession of an account of how the meaning of the quantifier phrase """""""" the f """""""" is determined by the meanings of its constituents . """""""" ( p . 28 ) . overall , ostertag 's essay is very interesting . however , there is one very small printing error , which leads to some difficulties in following the thread of ostertag 's argument . on p . 24 the references should be not to the sentences numbered ( 2 ) and ( 3 ) , but to the sentences numbered ( 5 ) and ( 6 ) . in his preface , ostertag remarks that it is somewhat surprising that no free standing collection of essays on descriptions has yet appeared . issues having to do with definite descriptions form one of the core topics in the philosophy of language and all the major textbooks in the philosophy of language contain a section devoted to these issues . free standing collections of essays on other topics central to the philosophy of language have appeared over the years . for instance , yourgrau ( 1990 ) and salmon & soames ( 1988 ) . so there does seem to be a need for a collection such as the present one , which could be useful for an upper level undergraduate or graduate seminar devoted to the topic of descriptions . the only philosophy of language textbook which comes close to having as much coverage of this topic is ludlow ( 1997 ) , which contains seven essays under the heading of definite and indefinite descriptions . the topic of indefinite descriptions is not addressed in ostertag 's collection , which is one of the disappointments about this volume , and is related to one of the major shortcomings of this volume . all the papers in ostertag 's collection are by philosophers . the classic philosophical debate has tended to focus on a narrow range of issues , with the alleged distinction between referential and attributive uses of definite descriptions being the dominant one . linguists who have worked on the topic of descriptions generally are interested in a much broader set of issues . some of the best current work by philosophers on descriptions ( such as that by stephen neale ) is cross-fertilized by the work of linguists . hence it would have been good to include work by linguists , not only to open up the philosophical discussion to a wider range of issues , but also to guard against the chance that students will come away with the impression that work on the topic by other professionals is of only marginal relevance to the philosophical debate . there is important recent work by linguists on the topic of the referential / attributive distinction ; on the comparison between definite and indefinite descriptions ; on the so-called generic , specific and predicative uses of descriptions ; on the claim ( found in work as early as strawson 's classic response to russell ) that the definite / indefinite distinction is related to the given / new distinction for information in a conversational context ; and on the semantics / pragmatics distinction as it applies to descriptions . some representative authors are : irene heim ( 1989 ) , ruth kempson , ( 1986 ) and villy rouchota , ( 1992 ) and ( 1994 ) . in addition , there is more technical work in linguistics which explores the extent to which definiteness is a semantic property of expressions , and hence the extent to which it is possible to offer a linguistically universal characterization of ( in ) definiteness . such work is represented in a recent collection of papers edited by eric reuland and alice ter meulen . see reuland & ter meulen ( 1987 ) . peter ludlow , in his preface to the philosophy of language textbook mentioned above , remarks that """""""" the philosophy of language , or at least a core part of it , has matured to the point where it is now being spun off into linguistic theory . """""""" ludlow , ( 1997 ) p . xiii . ludlow takes this to mean that certain core problems in philosophy of language are being """""""" naturalized """""""" via their incorporation into linguistics , and he uses this claim to justify the inclusion of the work of linguists in his collection , alongside the classics of the philosophy of language . i am not sure that i would go as far as ludlow in claiming that core parts of the philosophy of language are now a part of linguistics . but given that natural languages , as well as the speakers of such languages , are objects of study for the cognitive sciences , it makes sense for philosophers of language to pay attention to what other cognitive scientists are saying about such things . this means paying attention to linguistic research , but it also means paying attention to work on language by psychologists , anthropologists , computer scientists and others . to give just one example of where such cross-fertilization might occur : developmental psychologists have long been interested in how it is that children master the distinction between definite and indefinite referring expressions . see for instance karmiloff - smith ( 1979 ) and emslie & stevenson ( 1981 ) . charting the development of children 's semantic and pragmatic skills could potentially help clarify issues having to do with the correct semantic representation of ( in ) definites , as well as help in the resolution of questions concerning the boundary between the semantic and the pragmatic . this said , it should be stressed that as a text for use in a mainstream philosophy of language class , whose principle aim is to introduce students to the debate about definite descriptions as it has unfolded over the last 90 years , this volume is unsurpassed . the editor has clearly given a lot of thought to picking papers which are representative of this mainstream debate . it would be unreasonable to demand that all the tributaries , as well as the new offshoots , to this debate be represented in a single , manageably compact volume . perhaps the editor and / or his publishers will consider in the future bringing out a companion volume in which papers representing this wider debate are brought together ? bibliography : emslie , h . & stevenson , r . ( 1981 ) ' pre - school children 's use of the articles in definite and indefinite referring expressions ' , journal of child language , 8 : 313-328 . heim , i . ( 1989 ) the semantics of definite and indefinite noun phrases , new york , garland press . karmiloff - smith , a . ( 1979 ) a functional approach to child language , cambridge : cambridge university press . kempson , r . ( 1986 ) ' definite nps and context - dependence : a unified theory of anaphora ' , in travis ( ed ) meaning and interpretation , oxford : blackwell , 209-239 . ludlow , p . ( ed ) ( 1997 ) readings in the philosophy of language , cambridge , ma : mit press . reuland , e . & ter meulen , a . ( 1987 ) the representation of ( in ) definiteness , cambridge , ma : mit press . rouchota , v . ( 1992 ) ' on the referential / attributive distinction ' , lingua , 87 : 137-167 . rouchota , v . ( 1994 ) ' on indefinite descriptions ' journal of linguistics , 30 : 441-475 . salmon , n . & soames , s . ( eds ) ( 1988 ) propositions and attitudes , oxford : oxford university press . yourgrau , p . ( ed ) ( 1990 ) demonstratives , oxford : oxford university press . anne bezuidenhout is an associate professor of philosophy and a core member of linguistics at the university of south carolina , columbia , sc . she is interested in the pragmatic aspects of language and communication , and has attempted to apply the insights of relevance theory to traditional debates in the philosophy of language , such as the debate about referential and attributive uses of descriptions , and the debate about the correct semantics for propositional attitude ascriptions . she is also currently working with cooper cutting , department of psychology , illinois state university on an experimental investigation of the pragmatic processes involved in utterance interpretation .
  """",0
  1987,""""Subject: chinese dialectology
   
   yuen ren society for the promotion of chinese dialect fieldwork annual conference 6 march 1999 submissions are now being accepted for a conference to be held on saturday , 6 march 1999 , at rutgers university in new jersey . the society welcomes presentations of a non-formalist character on any aspect of hann ~ chinese dialectology , including original field reports , comparative-historical studies , linguistic geography and contact , sociolinguistics , and taxonomy . presentations on any aspect of chinese dialects or their social context are welcome , but please note that the society favors presentations that include abundant evidence , in the form of either dialect data or other explicit documentation as appropriate . papers may be delivered in english or mandarin chinese . to submit a paper , please send a detailed abstract to one of the addresses below . preliminary deadline for submitting abstracts is : 15 november , 1998 . we expect to accept only ten papers in all . the yuen ren society is devoted to the practice of descriptive dialect fieldwork , and especially welcomes reports on little-known dialects . david prager branner r . vanness simmons yuen ren society east asian languages & cultures 440 riverside drive , # 73 330 scott hall , rutgers university new york , ny 10027-6831 usa new brunswick , nj 08901-1164 usa < yuen . ren . society @ bigfoot . com > < rsimmon @ rci . rutgers . edu > fax : ( 212 ) 865-5507 fax : ( 732 ) 932-7926
  """",0
  1988,""""Subject: aiml ' 98 : final call for participation
   
   final call for participation advances in modal logic ' 98 aiml ' 98 october 16-18 , 1998 uppsala university , uppsala sweden about the workshop advances in modal logic is an initiative aimed at presenting an up-to - date picture of the state of the art in modal logic and its many applications . the initiative consists of a workshop series together with volumes based on those workshops . advances in modal logic ' 98 is the second workshop organized as part of this initiative . aiml ' 98 will be held from october 16-18 , 1998 in uppsala , sweden . the workshop is intended for users of modal logic in cognition , computing , and language , as well as for logicians working in the area . scientific program the invited speakers for aiml ' 98 are johan van benthem , max j . cresswell , kit fine , dov m . gabbay , john f . horty , marcus kracht , and rohit parikh . during the workshop there will be a special morning session on modal logic and belief revision ; this session will be chaired by sven ove hansson and sten lindstrom . in addition , there will be a tutorial on explicit modal logic by sergei artemov , as well as 16 contributed papers . the complete scientific program is available at http : / / www . wins . uva . nl / ~ mdr / aiml / aiml98 - program . html . workshop venue aiml ' 98 will be held in the main hall of uppsala university , in the center of uppsala . the city of uppsala is situated in the province uppland in uppsala county . the municipality of uppsala is sweden 's fourth largest municipality , with slightly more than 184 , 000 inhabitants . further information is available at http : / / www . uppsala . se . people arriving by air should get a flight to stokholm arlanda airport . there is a bus from arlanda to uppsala ( number 801 ) every 15 or 30 minutes , depending on the time of day ; the fare is 75 sek . people arriving by train can take commuter trains or ic trains from stockholm , all departing from stokholm central station . registration the normal registration fee ( without accommodation ) is 1000 sek ; the student fee is 400 sek . registration includes access to the workshop , food service , the workshop dinner , as well as copies of the workshop proceedings . to register , please contact rysiek sliwinski by email or fax at the following coordinates : rysiek sliwinski department of philosophy uppsala university e - mail : rysiek . sliwinski @ filosofi . uu . se phone : + 46 18 471 73 51 fax : + 46 18 471 73 70 . to cut costs , the fees can only paid in cash on the spot upon arrival . unfortunately , credit cards can not be accepted . accommodation hotel accommodation will be arranged in various hotels in uppsala . please ask rysiek sliwinski at the above address to help you to arrange accommodation when you register . sponsors aiml ' 98 is generously sponsored by neurotec hochtechnologie gmbh , the computational logic group at illc , university of amsterdam , compulog net network for computational logic , the royal swedish academy of science , and the university of uppsala . further information email enquiries about the practical details of aiml ' 98 should be directed to rysiek . sliwinski @ filosofi . uu . se . information about the aiml initiative can be obtained on the world - wide web at http : / / www . wins . uva . nl / ~ mdr / aiml / .
  """",0
  1989,""""Subject: books : uralic
   
   memoires de la societe finno - ougrienne vol . 230 : etelaviron murteen sanaston alkuper . itamerensuomalaista etymologiaa [ the origin of vocabulary in the south estonian dialect . finnic etymology ] by eino koponen . ( isbn 952-5150 - 18 - 6 ) 296 p . eino koponen 's ph . d . thesis provides an etymological inventory of the vocabulary characteristic of the extremely interesting but relatively little-studied south estonian dialect , in order to shed light on finnic historical dialectology . at the same time thought is given to basic issues of finnic etymology and word formation , especially the appearance of new indigenous ( basic ) word stems . lexica societatis fenno - ugricae vol . xxvi . a morphological dictionary of tundra nenets . compiled by tapani salminen . ( publications of the databank for endangered finno - ugrian languages 3 . ) ( isbn 951-9403 - 99 - x ) . 544 p . tundra nenets , with more than 25 , 000 speakers in northernmost russia and western siberia , is the greatest and probably best-known language in the samoyed branch of the uralic language family . this dictionary contains approximately 19 , 000 words selected from the existing major tundra nenets dictionaries . it includes 1 ) a reverse word list with inflectional codes and derivational patterns , 2 ) an index of roots , where derivational patterns are arranged following their base , and 3 ) an alphabetic index . the dictionary completes the author 's monograph on tundra nenets inflection ( appeared in the series """""""" memoires de la societe finno - ougrienne """""""" , vol . 227 , in 1997 ) . lexica societatis fenno - ugricae vol . xxiii . h . paasonens mordwinisches wrterbuch . mordovskij slovar ' h . paasonena . zusammengest . von kaino heikkil . bearb . u . hrsg . von martti kahla . vol . 1 - 5 : 1990-1998 . mordvin , with two standard languages , erzya and moksha , is spoken in western russia by ca . 750 000 people , and forms an interesting link between finnic ( finnish , estonian and their closest relatives ) and the other uralic languages of russia proper . the dictionary of mordvin , based on the great and extremely important material collected by the finnish linguist heikki paasonen and his mordvin helpers between 1889 and 1912 , has now been published by martti kahla , in collaboration with mordvin and german colleagues . the dictionary consists of four volumes , with german and russian translations for every headword . the fifth volume is a russian index ; a german index will appear in the future . for complete backlists see the society 's homepage at http : / / www . helsinki . fi / jarj / sus / e - mail orders to the bookstore """""""" tiedekirja """""""" , tiedekirja @ pp . kolumbus . fi
  """",0
  1990,""""Subject: new book : indo - european studies
   
   ji xianling , werner winter and georges - jean pinault fragments of the tocharian a maitreyasamiti - nataka of the xinjiang museum , china 1998 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . vii , 392 pages cloth dm 428 , - / approx . us $ 268 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 014904 - 4 trends in linguistics . studies and monographs 113 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york in the winter of 1974 , in the yanki district of the xinjiang autonomous region in china , close to a 1000 - buddha temple , forest workers accidentally discovered 44 leaves of the manuscript remains of a tocharian a ( an extinct indo - european language ) version of the maitreyasamiti - nataka , one of the most important works of buddhist literature from central asia . this volume presents the complete text of the 44 leaves , i . e . , 88 pages which are now kept at urumqi . although they are far from complete , they are the longest manuscript remains of the text discovered till now . the original manuscripts are written in central asian slanting brahmi . the volume comprises a facsimile of the fragments , the transliterated and partly restored texts , translations , and notes , together with indices and a full glossary , thus making the work accessible for experts and students . the book will serve as a major research tool for specialists in buddhist and tocharian studies as well as for indo - europeanists and turkologists . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de this and further publications can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
  """",0
  1991,""""Subject: new book : sociolinguistics
   
   nirmala srirekam purushotam negotiating language , constructing race disciplining difference in singapore 1997 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . x , 294 pages cloth dm 178 , - / approx . us $ 111 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 015679 - 2 contributions to the sociology of language 79 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the politics that took its inspiration from , and control over , ` ordinary ' peoples ethnicities and languages . this rare , detailed social history shows how the orientalist construction of race and language in colonial singapore was transformed into a powerful practice of ` nation ' that remains today . thus , since the advent of nationalism , singapore has been presented as a multiracial social space . this multiracial character has been carefully re-constructed as constituted by four races , with mainly four distinct languages . with this policy , the ruling elite has instituted a particular discourse about language , which almost always implicates race . additionally , the discourse has also translated itself into actual institutional practices , which ` ordinary ' men , women and children cannot avoid , and must participate in . interspersed by the actual voices and experiences of common people , caught within neo - orientalists statist constructions , the study provides another angle to the contemporary postmodern assurance that difference is necessarily liberating . difference , instead , is shown to have disciplinary consequences . yet the logic of dominant discourses can , at the same time , be re-interpreted - - cleverly or innocently - for enabling legitimate pressure upon the authorities . as everyday life readings of state discourses importantly unfold within the institution of the family , the often invisible role women actually play with reference to language , race , and nation , is importantly brought to the fore . contents ` nation ' and ` race ' : realms of problematic possibilities for language * race - ing language : the institutionalisation of ` chinese ' , ` malay ' , and ` indian ' in singapore * talk about language : from political project to daily life positionings * language on the life trajectory : everyday life contexts , relevances and practices * the mother tongue : male texts and female readings * second language : official bilingualism brought home * disciplining difference * notes * references * index _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de this and further publications can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
  """",0
  1992,""""Subject: new book : anthropological linguistics
   
   desmond c . derbyshire and geoffrey k . pullum ( editors ) handbook of amazonian languages volume 4 1998 . 24 x 17 cm . xii , 517 pages . cloth dm 298 , - / approx . us $ 186 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 014991 - 5 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this volume includes grammatical descriptions of wai wai , warekena , a comparative survey of morphosyntactic features of the tupi - guarani languages , and a paper on interclausal reference phenomena in amahuaca . the four volumes of this handbook are devoted to studies of syntactic , morphological and phonological characteristics of the languages of amazonia , many of which have never been described fully in the available literature , and most of which are little known to the general linguistic community . contents of volume 4 preface * map south america * abbreviations * desmond c . derbyshire and geoffrey k . pullum , introduction * part i : grammatical sketches * outline of contents for grammatical sketches * robert e . hawkins , wai wai * alexandra y . aikhenveld , warekena * margarethe w . sparing - chavez , part ii : typological study : amahuaca ( panoan ) * cheryl jensen , part iii : comparative study : tupi - guarani * cumulative index to volumes 1 - 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de this and further publications can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
  """",0
  1993,""""Subject: book on sed and awk in language research
   
   combining the bourne - shell , sed and awk in the unix environment for language analysis = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = lothar m . schmitt ( 1 ) and kiel t . christianson ( 2 ) 1 . the university of aizu school of computer science and engineering , aizu - wakamatsu city , fukushima prefecture , 965-80 , japan . e - mail : lothar @ u-aizu . ac . jp 2 . michigan state university dept . of linguistics and germanic , slavic , asian and african languages east lansing , michigan 48824 , usa . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = abstract = = = = = = = = we show how to construct tools for language analysis in research and teaching using the bourne - shell , sed and awk under unix . applications include the following : searches for words , phrases , grammatical patterns and phonemic patterns in text ; statistical evaluation of texts in regard to such searches ; transformation of phonetic , phonemic or typographic transcriptions ; comparison of texts in various respects ; lexical-etymological analysis ; concordance ; assistance in translating text ; assistance in learning languages ; assistance in teaching languages ; and text processing and formatting . the latter includes the generation of on-line dictionaries for the internet from files that were generated with what-you - see-is - what-you - get editors representing only the linear structure of the dictionary ( i . e . , the book ) . all of the above can be achieved with particularly simple and short code . in that regard , we illustrate how sed and awk can be combined in the pipe mechanism of unix to create very powerful processing devices . our notes include a short introduction to programming the bourne - shell and rather short , but complete descriptions of sed and awk customized in regard to language analysis . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * availability : 1 ) eric document service ( soon ) , 2 ) e - mail lms , 3 ) possible posting .
  """",0
  1994,""""Subject: toc : intern . journal of the sociology of language ( ijsl ) 131 ( 1998 )
   
   international journal of the sociology of language issue 131 ( 1998 ) the sociolinguistic situation of the macedonian language edited by zuzanna topolinjska mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york zuzanna topolinjska . . . . . . . in place of a foreword : facts about the republik of macedonia and the macedonian language bozidar vidoeski . . . . . . . . . . five decades since the codification of the macedonian language victor a . friedman . . . . . . . . the implementation of standard macedonian : problems and results elena petroska . . . . . . . . . . . . the cultural dialect of the younger generation in skopje olga miseska tomic . . . . . . . . language maintenance and adaptation in the ohrid dialect of macedonian ilija casule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the interplay of the macedonian standard and dialects in a bilingual setting : macedonian language maintenance in australia roland schmieger . . . . . . . . . . the situation of the macedonian language in greece : sociolinguistic analysis book review jolanta mindak . . . . . . . . . . . . socjolingwistyka 12 ( 13 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
  """",0
  1995,""""Subject: syntax : j . quer , mood at the interface
   
   syntax new from holland academic graphics : mood at the interface by josep quer mood at the interface offers a unified study of the grammatical contribution of mood in the whole spectrum of subordination . the basic hypothesis of the work is that indicative / subjunctive alternations constitute the overt marking of a shift in the model where a prop - osition is evaluated . it is shown that such an account in terms of mood shift succeeds in providing a wide empirical coverage for this rather murky domain and supplies a strong argument for the interac - tion of this verbal category with the different components of the grammar . the study concentrates on romance languages , with special emphasis on catalan and spanish . contents : 1 . subjunctive a dependent mood 2 . subjunctive types and argument clauses 3 . mood and the interpretation of relative clauses 4 . free relatives and free choice readings 5 . adjuncts as restrictors : mood shifts in concessives and concessive conditionals 6 . concluding remarks 1998 . xvi + 296 pp . isbn 90-5569 - 044 - 9 . paperback . [ lot international series 1 . uil ots dissertation . ] price for individuals ordering directly from hag : nlg 46 , 20 ( excl . p&p and vat ) . holland academic graphics , the hague < http : / / www . hag . nl > rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
  """",0
  1996,""""Subject: salt 9 call for papers
   
   salt 9 - call for papers semantics and linguistic theory ninth annual meeting university of california , santa cruz february 19-21 , 1999 salt 9 invites submissions for 30 - minute presentations ( with 10 additional minutes for discussion ) on any topic in the semantic analysis of natural language emphasizing the connection to linguistic theory . authors should submit 10 copies of abstracts , no more than 2 pages ( 1000 words ) long . authors ' names , address , affiliation , status ( faculty / student ) , phone number and e-mail address , paper title , and list of prior or planned presentations at other conferences should accompany the abstracts on a 3x5 card . e - mail and fax submissions cannot be accepted . deadline for receipt of abstracts is monday , november 2 , 1998 . the program will be announced in december 1998 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - guidelines : salt does not accept papers that by the time of the conference have appeared or have been accepted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal . preference will be given to presentations not duplicated at other major conferences ( including lsa , nels , wccfl , etc . ) . authors are asked to indicate prior or planned presentations of their papers on the abstract submission card . any person can submit at most one abstract as sole author and a second abstract as co-author or two abstracts as co-author . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - send abstracts to : salt 9 organizing committee department of linguistics university of california , santa cruz 1156 high street santa cruz , ca 95064 usa further announcements will be made as the conference approaches . inquiries are welcome to the address above , or e-mail to salt9 @ ling . ucsc . edu . the conference web site is accessible at http : / / ling . ucsc . edu / salt9 . html proceedings of salt are in general available from books @ plab . dmll . cornell . edu . for the proceedings of salt 2 , write to lingadm @ ling . ohio-state . edu .
  """",0
  1997,""""Subject: bls call for papers
   
   call for papers the berkeley linguistics society is pleased to announce its twenty - fifth annual meeting , to be held february 13-15 , 1998 . the conference will consist of a general session and a parasession on saturday and sunday , followed by a special session on monday . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * general session : the general session will cover all areas of general linguistic interest . invited speakers carol fowler , haskins laboratories , univ . of connecticut , yale univ . stephen levinson , max planck institut fr psycholinguistik , nijmegen bjrn lindblom , univ . of stockholm and univ . of texas , austin alec marantz , massachusetts institute of technology * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * parasession : loan word phenomena the parasession invites papers on loan word phenomena from various theoretical , historical , sociolinguistic , and typological perspectives , as well as descriptive works and field reports . areas of interest include stratification of the lexicon and loan word 's ubgrammars ' , re-lexification , the role of orthography , markedness effects , second-language acquisition , child language , bilingualism and code-switching , etc . invited speakers ellen broselow , state university of new york , stony brook garland cannon , texas a&m university junko ito & armin mester , university of california , santa cruz * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * special session : issues in caucasian , dravidian and turkic linguistics the special session will feature research on caucasian , dravidian and turkic languages . papers addressing both diachronic and synchronic issues are welcome . potential topics include theoretical and descriptive accounts of structural features , writing systems and transcription problems , language reform , and the reconstruction of the respective proto - languages , including the question of altaic linguistic unity . invited speakers johanna nichols , university of california , berkeley k . p . mohanan , national university of singapore ( turkic specialist tba ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * we encourage proposals from diverse theoretical frameworks and welcome papers from related disciplines , such as anthropology , cognitive science , computer science , literature , philosophy , and psychology . papers presented at the conference will be published in the society 's proceedings , and authors who present papers agree to provide camera-ready copy ( not to exceed 12 pages ) by may 15 , 1999 . presentations will be allotted 20 minutes with 10 minutes for questions . we ask that you make your abstract as specific as possible , including a statement of your topic or problem , your approach , and your conclusions . please send 10 copies of an anonymous one-page ( 8 1 / 2 """""""" x 11 """""""" , unreduced ) abstract . a second page , or reverse side of the single page , may be used for data and references only . along with the abstract send a 3 """""""" x5 """""""" card listing : ( 1 ) paper title , ( 2 ) session ( general , parasession , or special ) , ( 3 ) for general session abstracts only , subfield , viz . , discourse analysis , historical linguistics , morphology , philosophy and methodology of linguistics , phonetics , phonology , pragmatics , psycholinguistics , semantics , sociolinguistics , or syntax , ( 4 ) name ( s ) of author ( s ) , ( 5 ) affiliation ( s ) of author ( s ) , ( 6 ) address to which notification of acceptance or rejection should be mailed ( in november 1998 ) , ( 7 ) author 's office and home phone numbers , ( 8 ) author 's e-mail address , if available . an author may submit at most one single and one joint abstract . in case of joint authorship , one address should be designated for communication with bls . send abstracts to : bls 25 abstracts committee , 1203 dwinelle hall , university of california , berkeley , ca 94720 . abstracts must be received by 4 : 00 p . m . , november 2 , 1998 . we may be contacted by e-mail at bls @ socrates . berkeley . edu . electronic abstract submission : via e-mail . only those abstracts written in english ascii will be accepted . please do not send attachments . electronic submissions may be sent to bls @ socrates . berkeley . edu . more information on e-mail submission and additional guidelines for abstracts can be found at our web site http : / / faust . linguistics . berkeley . edu / bls / . we will not accept faxed abstracts . registration fees : before february 5 , 1999 ; $ 15 for students , $ 30 for non-students ; after february 7 , 1997 ; $ 20 for students , $ 35 for non-students .
  """",0
  1998,""""Subject: comparative and general grammar , syntax and semantics
   
   syntax & semantics butt , miriam ( university of konstanz ) and geuder , wilhelm ( university of tuebingen ) ; the projection of arguments ; isbn : 1-57586 - 110 - 0 ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 111 - 9 ( cloth ) ; 366 pp . csli publications 1998 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu it is becoming increasingly clear that the classic approach to linking which accounts for the projection of arguments into the syntax in terms of thematic roles ( and / or some kind of lexical decomposition ) , has some serious shortcomings . this volume sets out to explore possible alternatives , which call into question the assumption that projection is rigidly determined by fixed lexical entries . coming from varied backgrounds , the papers collected here converge on the general hypothesis that many semantic factors which influence the projection of arguments should instead be attributed to compositional and combinatorial processes . proposals are presented for reassessment of the lexicon-syntax interface that include models of building up variants of lexical meanings in a flexible manner , as well as models where much of the putative role of lexical entries is supplanted by the structural context , in particular by functional projections . among the topics addressed are questions of argument hierarchies and adicity of predicates , and the syntax and semantics of argument alternations in a set of very diverse languages which include english , dutch , scottish gaelic , finnish , hebrew , kannada , malay , greenlandic eskimo , and yaqui . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166
  """",0
  1999,""""Subject: context-99 : call for papers
   
   context-99 2nd international and interdisciplinary conference on modeling and using context trento , italy , september 9-11 , 1999 . http : / / www . cs . unitn . it / context-99 / the importance of the notion of context is widely acknowledged , as evidenced by the numerous workshops , symposia and seminars on context held in the last few years . the second international and interdisciplinary conference on modeling and using context aims at providing a high quality forum for discussion on context among researchers active in artificial intelligence , cognitive science , computer science , linguistics , philosophy , and psychology . topics of interest the following topics , in which contexts can be studied and / or applied , are meant to be suggestive of the scope of the the conference : animated characters cognitive modeling commonsense reasoning communication constraint - based reasoning databases and active databases data mining decision support systems diagnostic reasoning dynamics of context formal theories of context propositional attitudes heterogeneous information integration information management intelligent tutoring systems knowledge engineering knowledge representation machine learning multi - agent systems natural language processing natural language semantics pattern recognition philosophical foundations pragmatics temporal reasoning spatial reasoning interdisciplinary character context ' 99 is meant to provide an interdisciplinary forum . all submissions , in addition to being evaluated for their technical and theoretical merit , will be evaluated for their ability to be accessible to an interdisciplinary community . works that transcend their disciplinary boundaries are encouraged . submission of papers participants will be selected on the basis of submitted papers ( 10 single-spaced a4 pages maximum ) by three referees at least . papers must include in the first page : title , author 's name ( s ) , affiliation , complete mailing address , phone number , fax number , e-mail address , an abstract of 300 words maximum , and up to five keywords . electronic submission ( compressed / zipped / gzipped standard postscript file under the name first-author . ps ) is strongly encouraged ; alternatively , authors may send five hardcopies of the paper via surface mail . submitted papers should arrive to the conference chair no later than march 30 , 1999 . patrick brezillion context ' 99 conference chair , lip6 , box 169 , university paris vi , 4 , place jussieu , f-75252 paris cedex 05 , france e - mail : patrick . brezillon @ lip6 . fr important dates submission deadline : march 30 , 1999 notification of acceptance : may 21 , 1999 deadline for final papers : june 11 , 1999 conference : sept . 9-11 , 1999 further information the proceedings of the conference will be published by an international publisher and distributed at the conference . proposals for tutorials and workshops should be sent to the conference chair by december 24 , 1998 . programme committee aamodt a . ( norway ) kodratoff y . ( france ) abu - hakima s . ( canada ) kokinov b . ( bulgaria ) akman v . ( turkey ) maybury m . t . ( usa ) bonzon p . ( switzerland ) moulin b . ( canada ) castelfranchi c . ( italy ) noriega p . ( spain ) cavalcanti m . ( brazil ) paris c . ( australia ) chandrasekaran b . ( usa ) penco c . ( italy ) dichev c . ( bulgaria ) perry j . ( usa ) edmonds b . ( uk ) pomerol j . - ch . ( france ) fauconnier g . ( usa ) raccah p . y . ( france ) fisher m . ( uk ) rastier f . ( france ) frasson c . ( canada ) shahar y . ( usa ) gabbay d . ( uk ) sharma n . ( usa ) gaines b . ( canada ) singh m . ( usa ) giunchiglia e . ( italy ) tiberghien g . ( france ) giunchiglia f . ( italy ) thomason r . ( usa ) guha r . ( usa ) turner r . ( usa ) hayes p . ( usa ) widmer g . ( austria ) hayes - roth b . ( usa ) wilson d . ( uk ) hollnagel e . ( denmark ) young robert ( usa ) iwanska l . ( usa ) young roger ( uk ) organizing committee conference chair patrick brezillon lip6 , box 169 , university paris vi , 4 , place jussieu , f-75252 paris cedex 05 ( france ) e - mail : patrick . brezillon @ lip6 . fr programme co-chairs paolo bouquet luciano serafini university of trento , itc-irst , trento ( italy ) trento ( italy ) e - mail : bouquet @ cs . unitn . it e - mail : serafini @ irst . itc . it publicity chair massimo benerecetti university of trento , trento ( italy ) e - mail : bene @ cs . unitn . it local arrangements chair francesca castellani university of trento , trento ( italy ) e - mail : fcastell @ gelso . unitn . it - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - massimo benerecetti e-mail : bene @ cs . unitn . it ph . d . student www : http : / / www . cs . unitn . it / ~ bene disa - universita ` di trento tel . : + 39 0461 882322 via inama 5 , i-38100 , trento , italy fax : + 39 0461 882124
  """",0
  2000,""""Subject: tmi-99
   
   8th international conference on theoretical and methodological issues in machine translation tmi-99 august 23-25 , 1999 chester , uk preliminary announcement and call for papers the eighth conference in the tmi series will take place over august 23-25 , 1999 in the historic city of chester , uk . in addition to general theoretical and methodological issues , tmi-99 will have a major theme : modalities and mt : where can mt be used ? submissions referring to the above theme are encouraged . however , substantial , original , and unpublished research on any other issues relevant to machine translation are also welcome . proposals are also solicited for one day workshops ( see below ) . details on submissions and submission guidelines , along with a latex style file , will be put up on a web site in the near future . papers should be in english , not longer than 10 pages ( around 5 , 000 words ) . important dates paper submissions march 12 , 1999 acceptance notification may 14 , 1999 final copies due july 2 , 1999 conference dates tutorials : aug 22 , 1999 papers and panels : aug 23-25 , 1999 workshops : aug 26 , 1999 conference site the conference meetings will be held at chester college , in the city of chester uk . call for workshop proposals proposals are solicited for one-day workshops addressing specific issues of interest in machine translation . if you would like to organize a workshop , send your proposals before november 30 , 1998 to the program chair < bond @ cslab . kecl . ntt . co . jp > . the proposal should include the theme and goal of the workshop , the planned activities , and a list of potential participants . tmi-99 officers : program chair : francis bond , ntt cs labs , kyoto local chairs : harold somers and arturo trujillo , umist , manchester general chair : sergei nirenburg , nmsu , las cruces nm program committee : laurie gerber ( systran , usa ) emmanuel planas ( geta , france ) melanie siegel ( dfki , germany ) stephen beale ( crl , usa ) kevin knight ( isi , usa ) kentaro ogura ( ntt , japan ) masahiko haruno ( atr , japan ) hiromi nakaiwa ( ntt , japan ) key - sun choi ( kaist , korea ) terumasa ehara ( nhk japan ) kristiina jokkinen ( atr , japan ) graham wilcox ( umist , uk ) please address any further enquiries to the program chair : francis bond < bond @ cslab . kecl . ntt . co . jp > machine translation research group ntt communication science laboratories 2 - 4 hikari - dai , seika - cho , soraku - gun , kyoto , japan , 619-0237 tel : 0774-93 - 5313 ( + 81 ) fax : 0774-93 - 5345 ( + 81 )
  """",0
  2001,""""Subject: conference on the french verb
   
   a u c o m m e n c e m e n t e t a i t l e v e r b e . . . a one-day international conference on the morphology , syntax , and semantics of the french verb at the maison francaise d ' oxford norham road , oxford , uk saturday , 28 november , 1998 , 1000 - 1700 sponsored by st . catherine 's college , oxford , the society for french studies , and the association for french language studies papers include : absolutely perfect : what is the status of the futur anterieur ? dulcie engel ( university of wales , swansea ) inflectional ambiguities : a feature-checking approach michael allan jones ( university of essex ) the selfish morpheme : the history of the perfect root in french ( and occitan ) martin maiden ( university of oxford ) the syntactic and semiotic status of direct quotes maj-britt mosegaard-hansen ( university of copenhagen ) la semantique du passe compose en francais contemporain : pour une representation unifiee marie-eve ritz ( university of western australia ) does french have a relative past tense ? raphael salkie ( university of brighton ) le statut de la forme zero du complement d ' objet direct en francais moderne lene schosler ( university of copenhagen ) the modality conspiracy john charles smith ( university of oxford ) there will be a conference fee of # 16 ( students # 10 ) , which includes lunch , morning coffee , and afternoon tea . it is hoped to arrange an informal dinner ( at extra cost ) after the conference for those interested . cheques , made payable to """""""" st . catherine 's college """""""" should be sent to john charles smith , at the address below . for further details , contact : john charles smith , st . catherine ' s college , oxford ox1 3uj , uk email : johncharles . smith @ stcatz . ox . ac . uk
  """",0
  2002,""""Subject: anaphora resolution - - special issue of machine translation journal
   
   call for papers the machine translation journal special issue on anaphora resolution in machine translation guest editor : ruslan mitkov ( university of wolverhampton ) the interpretation of anaphora is crucial for the successful operation of a machine translation system . in particular , it is essential to resolve the anaphoric relation when translating into languages which mark the gender of pronouns . unfortunately , the majority of mt systems developed in the seventies and eighties did not adequately address the problems of identifying the antecedents of anaphors in the source language and producing the anaphoric """""""" equivalents """""""" in the target language . as a consequence , only a limited number of mt systems have been successful in translating discourse , rather than isolated sentences . one reason for this situation is that in addition to anaphora resolution being itself a very complicated task , translation adds a further dimension to the problem in that the reference to a discourse entity encoded by a source language anaphor by the speaker ( or writer ) has not only to be identified by the hearer ( translator or translation system ) but also re-encoded in a coreferential expression in a different language . the nineties have seen an intensification of research efforts in anaphora resolution in machine translation . this can be seen in the growing number of related projects which have reported promising new results ( e . g . wada 1990 ; leass & schwall 1991 ; nakaiwa & ikehara 1992 ; chen 1992 ; saggion & carvalho 1994 ; preu _ et al . 1994 ; nakaiwa et al . 1994 ; nakaiwa et al . 1995 ; nakaiwa & ikehara 1995 ; mitkov et al . 1995 ; mitkov et al . 1997 ) . however , we still feel that additional work is needed to highlight and further explore the specifics of the problem in operational mt environments , including fully automatic machine translation and machine - aided translation . we are inviting high-quality , original research papers describing recent advances in anaphora resolution in machine translation . topics to be addressed include ( but are not limited to ) - operational anaphora resolution components in machine translation - resolution of zero pronouns in mt environments - lexical transfer of anaphors across languages - to what extent have the latest trends towards knowledge-poor , corpus - driven and robust approaches in anaphora resolution , been called upon in machine translation ? - what are the most scalable contributory factors / resolution strategies in mt ? - what makes anaphora resolution a more complex task in machine translation ? submission and format articles should be submitted directly to the publishers , either by e-mail to ellen . klink @ wkap . nl , with the subject header """""""" submission to coat anaphora special issue """""""" , or in hard-copy to machine translation editorial office kluwer academic publishers p . o . box 990 3300 az dordrecht the netherlands or machine translation editorial office kluwer academic publishers p . o . box 230 accord , ma 02018-023 u . s . a . the submission deadline is 15 may 1997 . the journal is typeset using latex , so the preferred medium for submission of articles in electronic format is latex source ( using the kluwer style file ) or gzipped postscript . for more details , please consult the journal 's web pages : home page : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / journalhome . htm / 0922-6567 instructions for authors : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / kaphtml . htm / ifa0922-6567 latex style files : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / jrnlstyle . htm / 0922-6567 if submitting hard-copy , four copies of the paper are required . the length of the papers should be approximately 10-20 pages if using the kluwer style file ( around 20k words ) . authors are also requested to send a copy of an abstract of not more than 200 words to the guest editor r . mitkov @ wlv . ac . uk or in hard-copy to ruslan mitkov , school of languages and european studies , university of wolverhampton , stafford st . , wolverhampton wv1 1sb , united kingdom . guest editor : ruslan mitkov school of languages and european studies university of wolverhampton stafford st . wolverhampton wv1 1sb telephone ( 44-1902 ) 322471 fax ( 44-1902 ) 322739 email r . mitkov @ wlv . ac . uk guest editorial board : breck baldwin ( university of pennsylvania , philadelphia ) david carter ( sri international , cambridge ) guenter goerz ( university of nuernberg / erlangen ) lynette hirschman ( mitre , mclean ) richard kittredge ( university of montreal ) susan luperfoy ( mitre , mclean ) tony mcenery ( lancaster university ) ruslan mitkov ( university of wolverhampton ) frederique segond ( ranx xerox , grenoble ) harold somers ( umist , manchester ) keh - yih su ( national tsing hua university , taiwan ) yorick wilks ( university of sheffield )
  """",0
  2003,""""Subject: comparative romance linguistics - mla discussion group
   
   mla ' 98 ( comparative romance linguistics discussion group ) first call for papers modern language association 1998 convention comparative romance linguistics discussion group san francisco , california 27-30 december 1998 deadline for abstracts : march 1 1998 the comparative romance linguistics discussion group is sponsoring its annual session at the mla 1998 convention . abstracts are invited for 20 - minute talks in all areas of romance linguistics . one - page blind abstracts ( one inch margins , typeface no smaller than 12 ) accompanied by a card with the presenter 's name , address , telephone number , fax number , and e-mail address should be sent to : sonia colina department of languages and literatures arizona state university main campus , po box 870202 tempe , az 85287-0202 , usa ph ( 602 ) 965-4649 fax ( 602 ) 965-0135 e-mail : scolina @ asu . edu faxed and e-mail submissions will be accepted but should be followed up by a hard-copy submission .
  """",0
  2004,""""Subject: naccl-11 conference announcement
   
   the 11th north america conference on chinese linguistics naccl-11 announcement 1 naccl-11 organizing committee chinese lauguage program dept . of east asian languages & civilizations harvard university dear colleagues , we are pleased to announce that harvard university will be hosting the eleventh north american conference on chinese linguistics ( naccl-11 ) , june 18-20 , 1999 . we hope that you will reserve these dates on your calendar and join us for another informative conference . naccl-11 welcomes papers on a wide variety of topics , such as historical linguistics , phonology , syntax , semantics , discourse / pragmatics , sociolinguistics , computational-linguistics , psycholinguistics , and language acquisition . our goals are to provide participants with an opportunity to present their works in chinese linguistics and to keep up with recent developments in the field . please send your camera ready abstract to the organizing committee no later than december 15 , 1998 ; noting your name , contact address ( both mailing and email ) , and affiliation , plus four anonymous copies . abstracts may be written in english or chinese and should be limited to one page only with size 12 font . we cannot accept abstracts sent by email or fax . notifications of acceptance of papers will be sent out by march 15 , 1999 . registration and a preliminary program will be sent out in january 1999 , and will be available to be downloaded from our website at that time . the deadline for pre-registration is may 15 , 1999 , us $ 55 ( us $ 45 for students ) . the registration fees after this date will be us $ 65 ( us $ 55 for students ) . all submissions and communications should be sent to : naccl-11 organizing committee east asian languages and civilizations harvard university 5 bryant street cambridge , ma 02138 email : clp @ fas . harvard . edu we are looking forward to having this conference and the ensuing exchange of ideas that will benefit the study of chinese language . sincerely , he baozhang for the 1999 naccl-11 organizing committee sep 16 , 1998
  """",0
  2005,""""Subject: austronesian linguistics
   
   marian klamer a grammar of kambera 1998 . 24 x 16 cm . xv , 448 pages . cloth dm 318 , - / approx . us $ 199 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 016187 - 7 mouton grammar library 18 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this volume presents the first detailed , systematic and comprehensive description of the phonology , morphology and syntax of kambera , a polysynthetic austronesian ( central malayo - polynesian ) language spoken by approximately 150 . 000 speakers on the island of sumba in eastern indonesia . although this language has drawn the attention of missionaries and anthropologists for over a century , up to now no systematic account of the structure of this language has been available . the study is based on primary language data , gathered by the author during fieldwork on sumba . starting out from a detailed analysis of kambera phonology , the study focusses on the morphology ; a detailed discussion of the morpho-syntactic properties of kambera is included . while an explictly theoretical approach has been avoided , insights from various grammatical theories are used to elucidate the structure of the language . the analyses are accessible to linguists of all theoretical persuasions . the grammar is richly illustrated with examples , most of which are taken from actual discourse . an appendix provides a selection of kambera texts . an index for easy reference completes the volume . this an important contribution to austronesian linguistics as well as to language typology and to general linguistic theory . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
  """",0
  2006,""""Subject: grammaticalization / romance ling
   
   mario squartini verbal periphrases in romance aspect , actionality , and grammaticalization 1998 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xi , 372 pages cloth dm 218 , - / approx . us $ 136 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 016160 - 5 empirical approaches to language typology 21 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york focusing on the interplay of aspect and actionality ( aktionsart ) in the grammaticalization process , this monographs presents a detailed synchronic and diachronic examination of the semantics of various romance verbal periphrases . it is shown that as a verbal periphrasis is being grammaticalized , actional restrictions are gradually loosened , and the semantics shifts from the domain of actionality to that of aspect . these processes are important both for an understanding of the romance data and , more importantly , for a general understanding of the historical development of aspect . given the usually one-way nature of grammaticalization processes , this volume provides a more powerful tool for plotting directions of change where direct historical evidence is lacking . based on extensive corpora , the work covers a wide range of romance ` aspectual ' periphrases , thus also providing an important database for several romance languages , including dialects and regional varieties , and periods . introductory descriptions of the relevant periphrases and complete english translations of all examples are provided , thus making the book equally accessible to romance specialists and to general linguists . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
  """",0
  2007,""""Subject: sociolinguistics
   
   michael g . smith language and power in the creation of the ussr 1917 - - 1953 1998 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . vii , 294 pages cloth dm 178 , - / approx . us $ 111 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 016197 - 4 contributions to the sociology of language 80 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this is the first comprehensive history of language planning in the ussr , covering the formative period under lenin and stalin . based on party and state archival materials only recently made available , it explores the tension between linguistic russification and nativization of the soviet experience . the author argues that from the moment of its greatest victory in the russian revolution to the difficult days of reconstruction after world war ii , the government was locked into a hegemonic imperative which required a measure of dependence upon the rural russians and peripheral non - russian peoples as much as domination over them . language issues help to understand how the soviet state structure was a machine of centrifugal , as well as centripetal , force . to prove this point , the author examines such unprecedented initiatives as the simplification of the russian spelling system ; the ` latinization ' of the arabic alphabets of the muslim peoples ; and the reform of school grammars and teaching curriculums . he also offers new interpretations about the various linguistic trends which informed these projects , from g . g . shpet 's remarkable ` structural ' phenomenology , to n . ia marr 's ` marxist ' school of linguistics , to stalin 's infamous linguistic essay of 1950 . he reveals how the communist party micro-managed language reform in muslim central asia , and how it dealt with decades of failure rates on the countrywide russian language examinations . the result is an original reading of sociolinguistics and soviet history , weaving together the scientific contributions of linguists , the political imperatives of the party-state , and the everyday responses of various social and ethnic groups . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
  """",0
  2008,""""Subject: second language teaching : reading , writing & discourse
   
   22-25 june 1999 conference on second language teaching : reading , writing and discourse venue : hong kong university of science and technology ( 22-23 june 1999 ) guangdong university of foreign studies ( 24-25 june 1999 ) plenary speakers : professor ann johns ( san diego state university ) , professor kensaku yoshida ( sophia university , tokyo ) abstracts to be received by 22 december 1998 early bird registration by 15 march 1999 registration by 29 may 1999 for further information , please visit our conference web-site : http : / / lc . ust . hk / ~ centre / 99conf . html
  """",0
  2009,""""Subject: midamerica ling conf 98
   
   the schedule for the midamerica linguistics conference , to be held at southern illinois university at edwardsville october 23 - 4 has now been set . information on the conference can be found at < http : / / www . siu . edu / departments / cola / ling01 / midamerica98 > , and the tentative schedule can be found at < http : / / www . siu . edu / departments / cola / ling01 / schedule . html > geoff nathan geoffrey s . nathan department of linguistics southern illinois university at carbondale , carbondale , il , 62901 usa phone : + 618 453-3421 ( office ) fax + 618 453-6527 + 618 549-0106 ( home )
  """",0
  2010,""""Subject: konvens98
   
   konvens 98 computer , linguistik und phonetik zwischen sprache und sprechen - computers , linguistics , and phonetics between language and speech 4 . konferenz zur verarbeitung natuerlicher sprache - 4th conference on natural language processing oct . 5 - 7 , 1998 , university of bonn , germany http : / / www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / konvens98 organized by : gesellschaft fuer linguistische datenverarbeitung ( gldv ) ( responsible in 1998 ) deutsche gesellschaft fuer sprachwissenschaft ( dgfs ) gesellschaft fuer informatik ( gi ) , fa 1 . 3 """""""" natuerliche sprache """""""" informationstechnische gesellschaft / deutsche gesellschaft fuer akustik ( itg / dega ) oesterreichische gesellschaft fuer artificial intelligence ( oegai ) call for participation subjects of the conference are all areas of language processing dealing with language in its written or spoken form . special attention will be paid to approaches focussing on the structural and the phonological / phonetic aspects of computer-aided / based language research and aimed at bridging the gap between both aspects . conference languages are german and english . programme * * * monday , oct . , 5 1998 9 : 00 a . m . - 1 : 00 p . m . tutorials : christian otto : sprachtechnologie fuer das internet ( participants of the conference who would like to attend the tutorial are asked to send a short message to the conference office ( konvens98 @ uni-bonn . de ) . ) 2 : 00 p . m . opening 2 : 30 - 4 : 00 p . m . section 1 : prosody kai alter , k . steinhauer , a . d . friederici , j . matiasek , h . pirker : exploiting syntactic dependencies for german prosody : evidence from speech production and perception erhard rank , hannes pirker : realization of prosody in a speech synthesizer for german maria wolters , petra wagner : focus perception and prominence 2 : 30 - 4 : 00 p . m . workshop : evaluation of the linguistic performance of commercial machine translation systems part 1 : results of the evaluation of commercial machine translation systems rita nuebel , uta seewald : zur relevanz linguistisch orientierter evaluationen grundlagen des vom ak """""""" maschinelle uebersetzung """""""" der gldv initiierten evaluationsverfahrens stephan mehl , martin volk : zur problematik der maschinellen uebersetzung von nebensaetzen zwischen den sprachen englisch und deutsch ulrike ulrich : probleme bei der maschinellen uebersetzung mit domaenentypischen sprachlichen phaenomenen von appellativen texten mit kommerzieller intention ( internetseiten der hotelbranche ) 4 : 15 - 4 : 45 p . m . workshop : part 1 ( continued ) rita nuebel : phaenomenspezifische evaluation maschineller uebersetzung am beispiel von koordinationen workshop part 2 : methods and tools of mt evaluation judith klein , sabine lehmann : mue - evaluation mit diet joerg schuetz : blueprint : evaluation im usability lab 4 : 30 - 6 : 00 p . m . section 2 : grammar engineering brigitte krenn : a representation scheme and database for german support - verb constructions jonas kuhn : towards data - intensive testing and applications of a broad coverage lfg grammar partial target specifications as a filter on parser output stefan mehl , hagen langer , martin volk : statistische verfahren zur zuordnung von praepositionalphrasen 6 : 15 p . m . plenary session manfred pinkal : von der sprachphilosophie zur sprachtechnologie stand und perspektiven der semantischen verarbeitung 7 : 30 p . m . reception * * * tuesday , oct . , 6 1998 09 : 0010 : 30 a . m . section 3 : speech recognition / synthesis thomas portele : grapheme to phoneme conversion for speech synthesis tanja schultz , alex waibel : das projekt globalphone : multilinguale spracherkennung christian - m . westendorf , m . wolff : automatische generierung von aussprachewoerterbuechern aus signaldaten 09 : 0010 : 30 a . m . workshop part 3 : results of the evaluation of commercial machine translation systems uta seewald : textsortenspezifische evaluation maschineller uebersetzung am beispiel von instruktionstexten martin volk : probleme bei der maschinellen uebersetzung von idiomatischen wendungen jutta marx : bewertung von mt - systemen aus benutzersicht : evaluierung im projekt miroslav 11 : 00 a . m . - 12 : 00 plenary session gerrit bloothooft : a european masters in language and speech 12 : 00 - 1 : 00 p . m . presentation of posters posters see below 2 : 00 - 3 : 00 p . m . section 4 : parsing hagen langer : experimente mit verallgemeinerten lookahead - algorithmen stefan riezler : statistical inference and probabilistic modeling for constraint - based nlp 2 : 003 : 00 p . m . workshop part 4 : reports from industrial users carmen andres lange : erfahrungen mit logos ursula bernhard : bemerkungen zur evaluation maschineller uebersetzungssysteme aus anwendersicht 3 : 305 : 00 p . m . section 5 : dialogue and semantics bernd ludwig , guenther goerz , heinrich niemann : user models , dialog structure , and intentions in spoken dialog manfred stede , stefan haas , uwe kuessner : understanding and tracking temporal descriptions in dialogue bernhard schroeder : unifikation hoeherer ordnung und strikte syntaktische abhaengigkeit 3 : 305 : 30 p . m . workshop teil 5 : evaluation from provider and user perspective margaret king : evaluation design : the eagles framework juergen kinscher : vor - und nachteile elektronischer uebersetzungshilfen und uebersetzungsprogramme , von der textbausteinsammlung bis zur automatischen voll | bersetzung hans haller : maschinelle ( roh - ) uebersetzung als vorlage bei einer fachtextuebersetzung : bericht | ber ein experiment rita nuebel , uta seewald : resuemee und ausblick auf weitere evaluationsaktivitaeten 5 : 00 - 6 : 00 p . m . poster forum * * * wednesday , oct . , 7 1998 9 : 0010 : 30 a . m . section 6 : grammar and tagging kordula de kuthy , walt detmar meurers : reducing the complexity of a theory of unbounded dependencies : evidence against remnant movement in german stefan langer : zur morphologie und semantik von nominalkomposita martin volk , gerold schneider : comparing a statistical and a rule - based tagger for german 9 : 0010 : 30 a . m . section 7 : translation and generation munpyo hong : treating the multiple - subject construction in a constraint - based mt - system juergen wedekind : probleme der ambiguitaetserhaltenden generierung 11 : 00 a . m . 12 : 00 section 8 : phonetics and psycholinguistics reinhard rapp : das kontiguitaetsprinzip und die simulation des assoziierens auf mehrere stimuluswoerter adrian p . simpson : characterizing the formant movements of german dipthongs in spontaneous speech 11 : 00 a . m . - 12 : 00 section 9 : information retrieval michael hess : antwortextraktion ueber beschraenkten bereichen t . kemp , m . weber , p . geutner , j . guertler , p . scheytt , m . schmidt , b . tomaz , m . westphal : automatische erstellung einer video - datenbank : das view4you - system 12 . 00 ( noon ) plenary session n . n . 13 . 00 p . m . closing session posters istvan s . batori , krisztian nemeth , holger puttkammer : lautrepraesentation in etymologischen woerterbuechern anhand der uralischen etymologischen datenbasis gregor buechel : ein www - gef | hrtes system zur datenbankgestuetzten segmentierung von satzteilen und zur analyse praepositionaler phrasen karl ulrich goecke , jan - torsten milde : situations - und aktionsbeschreibungen durch einen teilautonomen montageroboter johannes heinecke , ingo schroeder : multilevel representation of the robust analysis of language alexandra klein , matthias e . koelln , soenke ziesche : towards generating dialogue contributions under resource constraints jacques koreman , bistra andreeva , william j . barry : die abbildung akustischer parameter auf phonetische merkmale in der automatischen spracherkennung doris muecke : cmc : prosodische und extralinguistische notationsformen in textbasierten konferenzsystemen sandro pedrazzini , pius ten hacken : centralized lexeme management and distributed dictionary use in word manager barbertje streefkerk , louis c . w . pols : prominence in read aloud dutch sentences as marked by naive listeners petra wagner : mutual constraints at the phonetics - phonology - interface exhibition parallel to the conference there will be a book and industry exhibition . local organizers prof . dr . wolfgang hess prof . dr . winfried lenders dr . thomas portele dr . bernhard schroeder programme committee dr . ernst buchberger , wien ( oegai ) dr . stefan busemann , saarbruecken ( gi ) prof . dr . dafydd gibbon , bielefeld ( dgfs ) prof . dr . wolfgang hoeppner , duisburg ( gi ) prof . dr . roland hausser , erlangen ( gldv ) prof . dr . wolfgang hess , bonn ( itg / dega ) prof . dr . r . hoffmann , dresden ( itg / dega ) dr . tibor kiss , heidelberg ( dgfs ) prof . dr . winfried lenders , bonn ( gldv ) dr . harald trost ( oegai ) conference office gisela von neffe institut fuer kommunikationsforschung und phonetik der universitaet bonn poppelsdorfer allee 47 d-53115 bonn internet : http : / / www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / konvens98 / index . en . html email : konvens98 @ uni-bonn . de phone : + 49-228 - 735638 fax : + 49-228 - 735639 location konvens 98 will take place at the university of bonn 's central building , which is situated in the city 's centre , in walking distance from the main railway station . world wide web http : / / www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / konvens98 ( participants of the conference who would like to attend the tutorial are asked to send a short message to the conference office ( konvens98 @ uni-bonn . de . )
  """",0
  2011,""""Subject: twlt14 : language technology in multimedia information retrieval
   
   14th twente workshop on language technology language technology in multimedia information retrieval december 7 - 8 1998 , university of twente , the netherlands program and call for participation on 7 and 8 december 1998 , the fourteenth international twente workshop on language technology ( twlt14 ) will take place at the university of twente , enschede , the netherlands . the topic of this workshop will be """""""" language technology in multimedia information retrieval """""""" twlt14 will focus on the increasingly important role of human language technology in the indexing and accessing of written and spoken documents , video material and / or images , and on the role of language technology for cross-language retrieval and information extraction . the workshop will address the role of language and speech processing both in terms of existing approaches and implementations , in terms of theoretical foundations , and / or emerging directions of research . program : monday 7 december 09 : 00 registration 10 : 00 opening session 1 : cross - language ir 10 : 15 hans uszkoreit , dfki ( multilinguality / mulinex ) 10 : 45 paul buitelaar / klaus netter , dfki ( mietta ) 11 : 15 break 11 : 30 franciska de jong / djoerd hiemstra , university of twente ( twenty - one ) 12 : 00 david hull , xerox grenoble ( clir ) 12 : 30 lunch session 2 : nlp , ie / ir and multimedia 14 : 00 arjen de vries , university of twente ( querying multimedia databases ) 14 : 30 doug appelt , sri ( nl + ie ) 15 : 00 break + demos 16 : 00 paul van der vet , university of twente ( domain modelling ) 16 : 30 karen sparck - jones , cambridge university ( nl + ir ) 17 : 30 drinks tuesday 8 december session 3 : video and image processing 09 : 00 stanley peters , stanford university ( tools and methods ) 09 : 30 andres salway / khursid ahmad , university of surrey ( video indexing ) 10 : 00 wim van bruxvoort , vda ( subtitle processing / pop - eye / olive ) 10 : 30 break 11 : 00 istar buscher , swr ( euromedia ) 11 : 30 arnold smeulders ( language and image processing ) 12 : 00 kees van deemter ( picture retrieval ) 12 : 30 lunch session 4 : speech retrieval 14 : 00 martin wechsler , eth zurich 14 : 30 steve renals , university of sheffield ( thisl ) 15 : 00 wessel kraaij / joop van gent , tno-tpd ( das + ) 15 : 30 break 16 : 00 closing session the regular workshop fee is dfl . 175 , - and covers a copy of the proceedings , lunches , coffee and tea during the breaks , and an informal reception . students may apply for a reduced fee . the workshop secratariat can make hotel reservations . more information on the workshop as well as a registration form can be found at http : / / wwwseti . cs . utwente . nl / parlevink / conferences / twlt14 . html twlt14 is organised in cooperation with the parlevink - project of the university of twente by : klaus netter - dfki , germany email : netter @ dfki . de franciska de jong - university of twente , computer science department email : fdejong @ cs . utwente . nl djoerd hiemstra - university of twente , computer science department email : hiemstra @ cs . utwente . nl for further information please contact the organisers , preferably by email , or otherwise via the workshop secretariat : department of computer science / parlevink university of twente phone : + 31 53 4893680 p . o . box 217 , fax : + 31 53 4893503 7500 ae enschede the netherlands
  """",0
  2012,""""Subject: diachronic and synchronic studies of syntax of east asian languages
   
   a symposium on diachronic and synchronic studies of syntax of east asian languages november 6 - 8 , 1998 , at university of southern california preliminary program ( rooms to be announced later ) friday ( 11 / 6 ) 9 : 00 welcoming remarks 9 : 15-10 : 10 """""""" more on the distribution of negative nps """""""" james huang , university of california , irvine 10 : 10-11 : 05 """""""" on parametrizing existential quantification """""""" wei - tien dylan tsai , tsing hua university break 11 : 15-12 : 05 """""""" the category of ba in mandarin chinese """""""" yafei li , university of wisconsin , madison 12 : 05 - 1 : 00 """""""" the early history of the perfective construction """""""" tsu - lin mei , cornell university lunch break 2 : 00 - 2 : 55 """""""" classifiers and the count / mass distinction """""""" keiko muromatsu , mit 2 : 55 - 3 : 50 """""""" a synchronic and diachronic study of plurality in mandarin chinese """""""" audrey li , usc , and yuzhi shi , stanford university break 4 : 05 - 5 : 00 """""""" empty determiners and nominalization in east asia """""""" andrew simpson , soas 5 : 00 - 5 : 55 """""""" the functional structure of the noun phrase in korean """""""" james yoon , seoul national university 6 : 30 banquet saturday ( 11 / 7 ) 8 : 45 - 9 : 40 """""""" anaphoric relations in japanese : some preliminary remarks """""""" hajime hoji , usc 9 : 40-10 : 35 """""""" kare , a distal demonstrative or a third person pronoun ? """""""" yukinori takubo , kyusyu university break 10 : 45-11 : 40 """""""" on the relation between the deictic use and the non-deictic use of the japanese demonstratives """""""" satoshi kinsui , osaka university 11 : 40-12 : 35 """""""" two types of scrambling constructions in japanese """""""" ayumi ueyama , kyoto university of foreign studies lunch break 1 : 35 - 2 : 30 """""""" on irrealis in korean """""""" nam - kil kim , usc 2 : 30 - 3 : 25 """""""" person and evidentiality in japanese """""""" carol tenny , mit break 3 : 35 - 4 : 30 """""""" on the status of functional categories in korean """""""" hedon ahn , kon kuk university 4 : 30 - 5 : 25 """""""" causatives and scope ambiguity """""""" soowon kim , university of washington break 5 : 35 - 6 : 30 """""""" judgments , point of view and the interpretation of causee noun phrases """""""" s . - y . kuroda , ucsd sunday ( 11 / 8 ) 8 : 00 - 9 : 00 breakfast 9 : 00 - 9 : 55 """""""" a computational approach to case and word order in korean """""""" william o'grady , university of hawaii at manoa 9 : 55-10 : 50 """""""" anaphoric relations in covert syntax """""""" yoshihisa kitagawa , indiana university break 11 : 05-12 : 00 """""""" some historical considerations on place words in chinese """""""" alain peyraube , ehess-cnrs 12 : 00-12 : 55 """""""" proxy categories in phrase structure theory and the chinese vp """""""" waltraud paul , ehess-cnrs 12 : 55 - 1 : 50 """""""" adjuncts and word order typology in east asian languages """""""" tom ernst , rutgers university and temple university for further information , please contact : hajime hoji ( hoji @ usc . edu ) , audrey li ( audreyli @ usc . edu ) , or nam - kil kim ( nkim @ usc . edu ) .
  """",0
  2013,""""Subject: g . j . ramstedt , biography
   
   memoires de la societe finno - ougrienne vol . 229 : biliktu bakshi . the knowledgeable teacher . g . j . ramstedt 's career as a scholar , by harry halen . viii + 371 + 16 p . + 1 map . isbn 952-5150 - 16 - x ( pb . ) , 952-5150 - 17 - 8 ( hb . ) . gustaf john ramstedt ( 1873-1959 ) is one of the brightest stars in the history of finnish learning . almost entirely due to his own field research and the reliable material he gathered he became the pioneer of comparative altaic philology , virtually a new discipline . during his ten years in the far east , as charge d ' affaires of the newly independent finland , ramstedt became interested in the origins of korean . this little-studied field occupied him for the rest of his life even at the expense of projects which he had commenced earlier . the present work is intended as a short recapitulation of the main events of g . j . ramstedt 's multi-faceted life . for complete backlists see the society 's homepage at http : / / www . helsinki . fi / jarj / sus / e - mail orders to the bookstore """""""" tiedekirja """""""" , tiedekirja @ pp . kolumbus . fi
  """",0
  2014,""""Subject: syntax , semantics , & cognitive linguistics
   
   michel achard representation of cognitive structures syntax and semantics of french sentential complements 1998 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xii , 377 pages cloth dm 158 , - / approx . us $ 113 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 015760 - 8 cognitive linguistics research 11 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this book investigates french complementation and , more specifically , the distribution of infinitival and finite complements ( indicative and subjunctive ) in the following contexts : causation / perception , modal , sentential complement , and impersonal constructions . consistent with the principles of cognitive linguistics , it argues that the surface form of each construction reflects a specific cognitive organization , and that formal differences reflect conceptual differences . more specifically , it is shown that : ( i ) each complement form carries meaning , to be expressed in terms of the cognitive organization it specifically codes , and ( ii ) the distribution of these forms with the different main verbs is a function of the semantic compatibility between two meaningful expressions . the cognitive grammar position expressed in langacker ( 1987 , 1991 ) states that the use of a particular linguistic form by speakers reflects their choice to express their conceptualization in a particular way . the meaning of a linguistic expression is therefore best described as the partial construal it imposes on the scene it describes . in this book , the meaning of complement constructions is analyzed in terms of the specific way in which they structure the subordinate scene . competing constructions represent alternative construals of the scene . the solution proposed in this book departs from existing analyses in three major ways . first , it accounts at the same time for the form and the distribution of the complements . secondly , it posits no construction-specific devices to handle different structures . thirdly , it provides a global understanding of complementation by treating a whole array of constructions in similar ways . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
  """",0
  2015,""""Subject: k . polgardi , vowel harmony
   
   vowel harmony . an account in terms of governement and optimality by krisztina polgardi vowel harmony deals with some theoretical problems concerning the phenomenon of vowel harmony , in a framework combining insights from government phonology , optimality theory and lexical phonology . the study introduces and motivates the general framework and examines three issues . the first concerns the typology of vowel harmony systems and how an element-based feature theory , comprised of the three elements i , a and u and supplemented by the property of headedness , can account for all the different types of harmony . the second concerns the domain of harmony and the question of how to handle disharmonicity in the proposed model . the third involves the so-called neutral vowels , i . e . those vowels in a system that do not have a harmonic counterpart . it is claimed that the behaviour of neutral vowels can be predicted from their segmental make-up and from particular properties of the vowel systems involved . polgrdi argues that the theory of government phonology ( a principles-and - parameters approach ) needs to be supplemented by constraint ranking , because certain types of phenomena cannot be accounted for otherwise . since ranking is shown to be necessary , language variation can now be exclusively expressed by this device , and the notion of param - eters can be abandoned . polgrdi also argues that a non-derivational version of the strict cycle condition also needs to be incorporated into the theory to account for so-called derived environment effects ( of which disharmonicity is shown to be an example ) . 1998 . xii + 200 pp . isbn 90-5569 - 046 - 5 . paperback . lot interna - tional series 3 . hil / leiden university dissertation . price for individuals ordering directly from the publisher : nlg 36 , 90 , excl . vat and p&p . holland academic graphics , the hague < http : / / www . hag . nl > rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
  """",0
  2016,""""Subject: nels-29 final announcement
   
   final announcement north - eastern linguistics society 29th annual meeting october 16-18 , 1998 this year 's nels conference will be hosted at the university of delaware , in newark , de . complete information , including information on lodging , transportation , and the conference program can be found on the web at the nels-29 website : http : / / sun . ling . udel . edu / nels - 29 / for further information , please contact one of the following members of the nels committee at our conference email address : < nels - 29 @ udel . edu > kenneth allen hyde | univ . of delaware | dept . of linguistics | kenny @ udel . edu |
  """",0
  2017,""""Subject: call : texas linguistics society 1999
   
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - announcing the 1999 conference of the texas linguistics society perspectives on argument structure to be held at the university of texas at austin , march 5 - 7 , 1999 . keynote speakers : beth levin ( northwestern university ) james pustejovsky ( brandeis university ) michael tanenhaus ( university of rochester ) deadline for receipt of abstracts : october 16 , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - abstracts are invited for 30 - minute talks ( with 10 additional minutes for discussion ) . issues of argument structure have proven to be of long-standing interest within diverse subfields of linguistics . the intent of this conference is to bring together researchers working on argument structure from different perspectives . in keeping with this idea , presentations that address argument structure from the perspective of formal syntax or semantics are encouraged , as well as those that take psycholinguistic , computational or other approaches . potential topics include , but are not limited to : * theories of linking ; relating argument structure to syntactic structure * accounts of case assigment * lexical conceptual semantics and argument structure * computational implementation & models of argument structure or linking * syntax / semantic interface and language acquisition * acquisition of argument structure * language processing of argument structure , subcategorization or lexical / conceptual structure abstracts must be no more than on 8 . 5 """""""" by 11 """""""" page , single spaced and in at least 12 - point type ( 10 - point for examples ) , with one-inch margin on all sides . one additional page with references , diagrams and data ( no text ) may be appended , if necessary . all submissions must include the following : * six anonymous copies of the abstract * one 3 """""""" x5 """""""" card with name , affiliation , address , phone number , e-mail and title of paper deadline for receipt of abstracts is october 16 , 1998 . send abstracts to : tls abstract committee calhoun 501 , b5100 the university of texas at austin austin , tx 78712 abstracts received after the deadline will not be considered . fax submissions will not be accepted . instructions for text-only e-mail submissions are available by request . an individual may submit at most one single and one co-authored paper . authors whose abstracts are accepted will be notified in mid - december , 1998 . presenters who wish to have their papers included in the conference proceedings must submit a camera ready copy by may 15 , 1999 . proceedings will be published by the texas linguistics forum . conference pre-registration is $ 15 . 00 ( us ) for students , $ 25 . 00 for non-students . for more information , e-mail tls @ uts . cc . utexas . edu or visit the conference website at http : / / uts . cc . utexas . edu / ~ tls /
  """",0
  2018,""""Subject: 12th annual cuny conference on human sentence processing
   
   preliminary announcement and call for abstracts 12th annual cuny conference on human sentence processing hosted by cuny graduate center 33 west 42nd street , new york ny ( positively the last cuny conference on 42nd street ! ) march 18-20 , 1999 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ abstract deadline ( papers ) : november 16 , 1998 abstract deadline ( posters ) : january 11 , 1999 ( for detailed information on abstract submission , see the final panel of this announcement . ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ general information about the conference special sessions i . """""""" hard constraints and soft constraints """""""" , organized and introduced by mark johnson ( brown university ) . invited speakers will include : hans uszkoreit ( university of the saarland ) eugene charniak ( brown university ) ii . """""""" syntactic features in sentence processing """""""" , beginning with a linguistics tutorial on """""""" the syntax of features """""""" by marcel den dikken ( cuny graduate center ) , and followed by submitted papers . paper and poster submissions related to this topic are especially welcomed . iii . the first of a new series of special sessions called """""""" what would it take to decide whether . . . ? """""""" . for this first year , the issue will be """""""" . . . whether parsing is serial or parallel """""""" , moderated by charles clifton , jnr . ( university of massachusetts ) . speakers will be : richard lewis ( ohio state university ) edward gibson ( massachusetts institute of technology ) conference dates and location the conference will be held in the harold m . proshansky auditorium of the graduate school and university center of the city university of new york , in midtown manhattan ( 42nd street between fifth and sixth avenues ) . sessions will start at 12 noon on thursday march 18 ( registration from 10 : 30 am ) , and will end at 6 : 00 pm on saturday march 20 . there will be poster sessions in the evenings of march 18 and 19 . information about local , reasonably priced hotels will be available in our next announcement , to be sent out at the end of october . financial support the cuny conference operates on a shoe-string . we have always kept registration fees as low as possible , especially for students . we also make travel awards to students . the way we make ends meet ( barely ! ) is by contributions from cuny and other institutions . we are immensely grateful for this financial support , and we encourage you to encourage your administration to make a donation to this good cause . we can provide paperwork to support your request and the billing process . any amount is welcome ! in the past , contributions have ranged from $ 300 to $ 5 , 000 . so please - - approach your dean , your provost , the financial officer of your company , and explain what a valuable forum the cuny conference is for the exchange of research ideas . conference organizers janet dean fodor dianne bradley ph . d . program in linguistics cuny graduate center 33 west 42nd street new york ny 10036 address for correspondence : < sentproc @ email . gc . cuny . edu > _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ abstract submissions the 12th annual cuny conference on human sentence processing is soliciting abstracts for papers and posters presenting theoretical , experimental , and / or computational research on any aspect of human sentence processing . abstracts will be reviewed anonymously , and will be considered for both the general conference sessions and the special session on """""""" syntactic features in sentence processing """""""" . submission deadlines for consideration in the spoken paper sessions : november 16 , 1998 for consideration as a poster only : january 11 , 1999 what to submit in your abstract abstract text should be no longer than 400 words . in addition , you may include examples , data summaries , and references ; however the latter , together , should not exceed 15 lines . at the top of the abstract , please include the names and affiliations of all authors , and the email address of the author who will handle correspondence . also indicate whether you wish your abstract to be considered for paper only , poster only , or paper or poster . the last category means that you would be willing to present your work as a poster should the abstract not be accepted for the spoken paper sessions . please leave several blank lines between this information and the abstract proper ( title and text ) , to facilitate anonymous review . how to submit abstracts we will accept email submissions only . these should be addressed to : < sentproc @ email . gc . cuny . edu > please use plain text if possible , and use the subject header : """""""" abstract """""""" if you submit more than one abstract , each must be separately mailed ( and each will be separately acknowledged ) . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",0
  2019,""""Subject: logical aspects of computational linguistics ( lacl ' 98 )
   
   logical aspects of computational linguistics ( lacl ' 98 ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = aspects logiques de la linguistique informatique = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = coorganisateurs : loria ( nancy ) , universite pierre mendes - france ( grenoble ) , avec l ' appui de : inria rhone - alpes , xerox research centre europe , cnet , mairie de grenoble lieu : grenoble ( domaine universitaire , amphitheatre de la maison alpes des sciences de l ' homme ) dates : du 14 au 16 decembre site web : http : / / www-bshm . upmf-grenoble . fr / lacl98 / programme : = = = = = = = = = = = = monday , december 14 ( lundi 14 decembre ) 8 : 45 - 9 : 30 : welcome 9 : 30-10 : 20 : invited talk i maarten de rijke : inference and natural language semantics 10 : 20-10 : 35 : break 10 : 35-11 : 35 : session 1 : feature structures and constraints stephen j . hegner . ` computational management of partially specified type hierarchies for typed feature logics ' . christian wartena . ` grammars with composite storages ' . 11 : 35-11 : 50 : break 11 : 50-12 : 50 : session 2 : categorial grammar i marcelo finger . ` structurally free theorem proving and structure learning in categorial grammar ' . nissim francez . ` hypothetical reasoning and radical non-constituent coordination in categorial logic ' . 12 : 50-14 : 30 : lunch 14 : 30-15 : 30 : session 3 : semantics and logical forms joachim niehren , alexander koller . ` dominance constraints in context unification ' . wilfried meyer viol , ruth kempson . ` sequential construction of logical forms ' . 15 : 30-15 : 45 : break 15 : 45-16 : 45 : norihiro ogata . ` a revision system of circular objects and its applications to dynamic semantics of dialogues ' . zhaohui luo , paul callaghan . ` coercive subtyping and lexical semantics ' . 16 : 45-17 : 00 : break 17 : 00-17 : 30 : discussion tuesday , december 15 ( mardi 15 decembre ) 9 : 30-10 : 20 : invited talk ii makoto kanazawa title : not yet communicated 10 : 20-10 : 35 : break 10 : 35-11 : 35 : session 4 : constraints and semantics manuel bodirsky , alexander koller , joachim niehren . ` dominance constraints : complexity , algorithms , implementation ' . patrick blackburn , claire gardent . ` a description language for discourse semantics ' . 11 : 35-11 : 50 : break 11 : 50-12 : 50 : session 5 : categorial grammar ii gerhard jaeger . ` anaphora and scope in categorial grammar ' . hans - joerg tiede . ` lambek calculus proofs and tree automata ' . 12 : 50-14 : 30 : lunch 14 : 30-15 : 30 : session 6 : minimalism and computation jens michaelis . ` derivational minimalism is mildly context-sensitive ' . marcus kracht . ` strictness and literal movement grammars ' . 15 : 30-15 : 45 : break 15 : 45-16 : 45 : alain lecomte . ` categorial minimalism ' . dirk heylen . ` aspects of a logical reconstruction of the computational system for human language ' . 16 : 45-17 : 00 : break 17 : 00-17 : 30 : discussion 20 : 00 : conference dinner wednesday , december 16 ( mercredi 16 decembre ) 9 : 30-10 : 20 : invited talk iii fernando pereira title : not yet communicated 10 : 20-10 : 35 : break 10 : 35-12 : 05 : session 7 : trees and tags aravind joshi , seth kulick , natasha kurtonina . ` lexicalized tree adjoining grammar : logical modelling ' . sylvain pogodalla . ` lexicalized proof-nets in pomset logic and tag ' . emiel krahmer , reinhard muskens . ` talking about trees and truth-conditions ' . 12 : 05-12 : 20 : break 12 : 20-12 : 50 : final discussion inscription - registration : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the registration fees for the conference are the following : before november 10 regular : 700 ff , student : 500 ff after november 10 regular : 900 ff , student : 700 ff both regular and student fees include the conference proceedings , the coffee breaks , the lunches , and the conference dinner ( december 15 ) . tickets for additional conference dinners ( for accompanying persons ) can be purchased at 150 ff . you may register by surface mail , fax , or e-mail . please fill in the enclosed registration form and send it to : ufr sciences de l ' homme et de la societe service comptabilite - lacl ' 98 1251 , avenue centrale , b . p . 47 f 38040 grenoble cedex9 france fax ( internat . ) : + 33 4 76 82 56 65 ( nat . ) : 04 76 82 56 65 e - mail : amelie . depaoli @ upmf-grenoble . fr payments payments are accepted in french francs only . the enclosed payment may be one of the following forms : order form from your institution ; cheque in french currency , drawn on a french bank , made to the order of """""""" agent comptable de l ' upmf """""""" eurocheque in french currency , made to the order of """""""" agent comptable de l ' upmf """""""" ( add 50 frf for fees ) ; bank transfer to the order of """""""" agent comptable de l ' upmf """""""" ( with your name and lacl ' 98 ) at the bank """""""" tresorerie generale de l ' isere """""""" . the bank account number is 10071-38000 - 00003000140-46 . registration form - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - please print name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . affiliation : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . address : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . zip code : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telephone : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fax : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e - mail : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please check the appropriate box : o regular fee 700 frf o student rate ( * ) 500 frf o late registration fee 900 frf o student ( * ) , late registration 700 frf o one additional ticket for the conference dinner 150 frf total amount : . . . frf ( * ) enclose a copy of your student card mode of payment : o order form o enclosed cheque ( if eurocheque , please add 50 frf ) o bank transfer ( * * ) ( * * ) enclose a copy of the transfer order . booking chose a category of hotel : o single room o double room o 2 stars ( around 300 frf ) o 3 stars ( around 500 frf ) date of arrival in grenoble : . . . . . . . . . . . date of departure : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . number of nights : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . if you are a vegetarian , please check the box o
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  2020,""""Subject: i . vedder , dunque l ' italia ha perso il suo fascino ?
   
   a recent publication of holland academic graphics : dunque l ' italia ha perso il suo fascino ? io penso di no door ineke vedder in dit boek wordt verslag uitgebracht van een onderzoek naar het ar - gumenterend schrijven in een tweede taal ( t2 ) door nederlandse stu - denten italiaans . om in t2 een argumentatieve tekst te kunnen schrijven moeten schrijvers eerst een aantal syntactische en lexicale middelen verwerven . deze middelen kunnen worden gebruikt voor de weergave van de verschillende argumentatieve componenten van het betoog in t2 . ook moeten zij zich bepaalde pragmatisch-rhetorische middelen eigen maken die kenmerkend zijn voor t2 . deze hebben bij - voorbeeld betrekking op de keuze van de argumenten , de graad van formaliteit van de tekst , de mate van nuancering van het standpunt en het gebruik van stijlfiguren . bij het gebruik van deze linguistische en pragmatisch-rhetorische middelen in t2 kunnen schrijvers maar gedeeltelijk een beroep doen op de verschillende talige en niet-talige vaardigheden die ze hebben verworven in hun moedertaal . in die zin stelt het argumenterend schrijven in t2 allerlei extra eisen aan twee - de-taalschrijvers . 1998 . x + 322 pp . isbn 90-5569 - 045 - 7 . paperback . [ lot international series 2 . ifott / university of amsterdam dissertation . ] price for individuals ordering directly from hag : nlg 48 . 00 ( excl . p&p and vat ) . holland academic graphics , the hague < http : / / www . hag . nl > rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
  """",0
  2021,""""Subject: g . mulder , indirecte en directe directieven
   
   indirecte en directe directieven . een analytisch en empirisch onderzoek naar taalhandelingen in het spaans door gijs mulder de lingustische structuren waarin verzoeken en andere directieve taalhandelingen worden uitgedrukt zijn heel uiteenlopend . direc - tieven zijn vaak indirect , omdat de spreker niet alleen bedoelt wat hij letterlijk zegt , maar ook iets anders . in het theoretische gedeelte van indirecte en directe directieven staat de vraag centraal wat precies onder een indirecte taalhandeling moet worden verstaan . verder worden indirecte taalhandelingen belicht vanuit het perspectief van de beleefdheidstheorie en de conversatielogica . in het toegepaste gedeelte wordt verslag gedaan van een kwalitatief en kwantitatief onderzoek naar directieven in het spaans , op basis van een corpus van alledaagse gesprekssituaties in hedendaagse toneelstukken en filmscenario 's . om de structuren van directieven uitputtend te kunnen beschrijven en empirisch te kunnen toetsen , is een model met verschillende dimensies ontwikkeld . inhoud : 1 . inleiding 2 . indirect taalgebruik 3 . indirecte taalhandelingen : een afbakening 4 . indirecte taalhandelingen en conversationele implicaturen 5 . indirecte taalhandelingen en beleefdheid 6 . directieven als object van onderzoek naar indirecte taalhandelingen 7 . een lingustisch model van realisaties van directieven 8 . de predicerende dimensie 9 . de persoons-deictische dimensie 10 . de modificerende dimensie 11 . de zinstype dimensie 12 . empirisch onderzoek naar directieven in het spaans 13 . conclusie 1998 . xii + 252 pp . isbn 90-5569 - 047 - 3 . paperback . [ lot international series 4 . ifott / university of amsterdam dissertation . ] price for individuals ordering directly from hag : nlg 41 . 20 ( excl . p&p and vat ) . holland academic graphics , the hague < http : \ \ www . hag . nl > rint sybesma holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
  """",0
  2022,""""Subject: macintosh applications on classical philology
   
   riao rufilanchas , daniel . 1998 . """""""" aplicaciones de macintosh a la filolog ' ia cl ' asica . """""""" madrid : ediciones cl ' asicas . ( x + 180 pages , paperback , isbn : 84-7882 - 342 - 5 , 1 , 300 pts ; roughly equal to $ 8 ) . ( in spanish . english title : """""""" macintosh applications for the classical philology """""""" ) . this book offers information on computer applications of interest for students , researchers and scholars in the field of classics ( ancient greek and latin ) , including papyrologists and epigraphists . it also contains a long section that examines the existing text databases ( tlg , phi , cetedoc cd-rom s , etc ) and bibliographic databases ( dbc , dyabola , etc ) , even when the retrieval software is not implemented for the macintosh platform . it deals extensively with font and keyboard issues , and other aspects of the personal computer use that are most likely to appeal the philologist or linguist working with ancient greek or latin texts . summary of the table of contents : 1 . conceptos b ' asicos ( basic concepts ) 2 . fuentes y teclado ( fonts and keyboard ) 3 . programas de uso general empleados en el trabajo filol ' ogico ( general purpose programs often used in the philological work ) 4 . bases de datos textuales y bibliogr ' aficas ( text and bibliographical data bases ) 5 . aplicaciones espec ' ificas para filolog ' ia cl ' asica ( programs specifically designed for the classical philology ) 6 . utilidades generales especialmente ( all - purpose utilities ) 7 . presentaci ' on e intercambio de documentos en formato electr ' onico ( electronic-format documents interchange and presentation ) apndice 1 . direcciones de internet ( internet addresses ) apndice 2 . glosario de t ' erminos t ' ecnicos ( technical terms glossary ) apndice 3 . distribuidores de los productos ( products distributors ) apndice 4 . ' indice temtico ( thematic index ) . you can ask for the book to : ediciones cl ' asicas san maximo , 31 , 4 : 8 28041 - madrid spain ( no email or www address yet ) please , contact with the author for more information about the book at danielrr @ mad . servicom . es . addenda to book can be obtained via e-mail at the same address , and will be published in the author 's web page in the next weeks . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ daniel riao rufilanchas c . santa engracia 52 , 7 dcha . 28010 - madrid , espaa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",0
  2023,""""Subject: jornadas
   
   lenguaje , ciencia y sociedad con motivo de la investidura del profesor noam chomsky como doctor honoriscausa por la universitat rovira i virgili , van a tener lugar en tarragona durante los das 26 , 27 y 28 de octubre de 1998 unas jornadas sobre lenguaje , ciencia y sociedad con la participacin de destacadas personalidades de cada uno de los mbitos temticos y del profesor noam chomsky . programa : - lunes da 26 : 9 , 00 : recepcin 9 , 45 : presentacin 10 , 00 : carlos piera ( uam ) : maneras de pensar dentro y fuera de la lingstica 10 , 30 : itziar laka ( upv ) : delimitando la gramtica universal : la cuestin de la ergatividad en la gramtica generativa 11 , 00 : esther torrego ( umass ) : gramticas de primera y segundas lenguas 11 , 30 : joan mascar ( uab ) : rellevncia de la fonologia en la competncia lingstica 12 , 00 : descanso 12 , 30 : mesa redonda . modera : violeta demonte ( uam ) 18 , 00 : noam chomsky ( mit ) : minimalist inquires 19 , 00 : coloquio - martes da 27 : 10 , 00 : manuel garca carpintero ( ub ) : la naturalizacin de las ciencias cognitivas 10 , 30 : noam chomsky ( mit ) : mind and the rest of nature 11 , 00 : eudald carbonell ( urv ) : el procs d ' hominitzaci a la llum dels recents descobriments d ' atapuerca 11 , 30 : jorge wagensberg ( ub ) : sobre el concepto de progreso 12 , 00 : descanso 12 , 30 : mesa redonda . modera : nria sebastin ( ub ) 18 , 00 : camilo cela conde ( uib ) : cerebros y modelos de conocimiento 19 , 00 : coloquio - mircoles da 28 : 10 , 00 : joaqun estefana ( el pas ) : los nuevos paradigmas 10 , 30 : antoni domnec ( ub ) : algunos enigmas de la racionalidad econmica 11 , 00 : dolors comas ( urv ) : diferencia cultural y exclusin social en el contexto de la globalizacin 11 , 30 : descanso 12 , 30 : mesa redonda . modera : rosa m snchez - casas ( urv ) 18 , 00 : noam chomsky ( mit ) : markets and """""""" the substance of society """""""" 19 , 00 : coloquio habr traduccin simultnea de las conferencias de noam chomsky lugar : sala de actos de la facultad de ciencias de la educacin y psicologa 0rganiza : universitat rovira i virgili facultat de cincies de l ' educaci i psicologia departament de psicologia facultat de lletres departament d ' antropologia social i filosofia departament de filologies romniques comit organizador : jos eugenio garca - albea ristol ( dept . de psicologia ) jos antonio dez calzada ( dept . d ' antopologia social i filosofia ) natlia catal torres ( dept . de filologies romniques ) informacin : departament de psicologia facultat de cincies de l ' educaci i psicologia carretera valls s / n 43007 telf : 977 55 80 79 fax : 977 55 80 88 e-mail : jornades @ fcep . urv . es web : http : / / www . urv . es / novetats / novetats . html inscripciones : cuota de inscripcin : 2 . 500 pts . forma de pago : transferencia bancaria a la cuenta corriente de """""""" la caixa """""""" : 2100 - 3526 - 19-2500015279 el titular es la universitat rovira i virgili natlia
  """",0
  2024,""""Subject: negation : syntax , semantics and pragmatics
   
   university of salford , greater manchester , uk european studies research institute north west centre for linguistics first annual international conference negation : syntax , semantics and pragmatics ( organiser : paul rowlett , salford ) friday 30 october to sunday 1 november 1998 faraday house , research & graduate college , university of salford , greater manchester , uk sponsored by : the british academy the linguistics association of great britain the french embassy in london keynote speakers william a laduasaw , ucsc , usa laurence r horn , yale , usa liliane haegeman , geneva , switzerland program ( booking form at the end of this posting ) friday 30 october 1998 8 . 45 - 9 . 15am registration and coffee 9 . 15 - 9 . 30am introduction and welcome 9 . 30-10 . 0am metalinguistic negation in focus , suengho ham , seoul university , korea 10 . 0-10 . 30am focus - induced neg-concord failures , vieri samek - lodovici , university college london , uk 10 . 30-11 . 0am the focusing negative ' mhaih ' in cantonese chinese : a look at contrastive and metalinguistic negation , juliet wai hong , university of texas at austin , usa 11 . 0-11 . 30am coffee 11 . 30am - 12noon compositional , inherent and frozen negation : lexicalism versus functional categories , kazuhiko fukushima , kansai gaidai university , japan 12noon - 1pm keynote lecture negation , saturation and predication , william ladusaw , university of california at santa cruz , usa 1 . 0 - 2 . 0pm lunch 2 . 0 - 2 . 30pm a minimalist approach to the syntax of multiple negation in french , hugues m . peters , university of the west indies , jamaica 2 . 30 - 3 . 0pm negation and the diachrony of features , anna roussou , university of wales , bangor , uk and ian roberts , stuttgart university , germany 3 . 0 - 3 . 30pm a lexical-functional approach to the syntax of negation in french , veronika knueppel , konstanz university , germany 3 . 30 - 4 . 0pm tea 4 . 0 - 4 . 30pm the riddle of n-words in polish : quantificational versus non-quantificational , universal versus existential , joanna blaszczak , humboldt university , berlin , germany 4 . 30 - 5 . 0pm negative polarity items in russian , asya pereltsvaig , mcgill university , montreal , canada 5 . 0 - 5 . 30pm negation in hungarian , john payne and erika chisarik , university of manchester , uk 6 . 0 - 7 . 0pm reception at blackwell 's campus bookshop saturday 31 october 1998 9 . 0 - 9 . 30am coffee 9 . 30-10 . 0am on romance sensitivity to non-veridicality , joao peres , university of lisbon , portugal 10 . 0-10 . 30am ( non - ) occurrence of sentential ' no ' in spanish negative sentences , javier martin - gonzalez , harvard university , usa 10 . 30-11 . 0am negation with [ - neg ] features , marie - therese vinet , sherbrooke university , quebec city , canada 11 . 0-11 . 30am coffee 11 . 30am - 12noon adverbial verb phrases and downwards monotonicity : negativity and the demorgan taxonomist 's dilemma , jay atlas , pomona college , california , usa 12noon - 1 . 0pm keynote lecture free - choice indefinites and the two ' any ' problem laurence r horn , yale university , usa 1 . 0 - 2 . 0pm lunch 2 . 0 - 2 . 30pm negative concord and the scope of universals , anastasia giannakidou , university of amsterdam , the netherlands 2 . 30 - 3 . 0pm procedural marking of propositional attitude in norwegian sentences with a negative ' wh ' - complement , thorsten fretheim , university of trondheim , norway 3 . 0 - 3 . 30pm some problems with the semantics of negation with reference to english and korean , hye - kung lee , university of cambridge , uk 3 . 30 - 4 . 0pm tea 4 . 0 - 4 . 30pm syntactic licensing of negative polarity , patrick a schindler , tuebingen university , germany 4 . 30 - 5 . 0pm the grammatical basis of polarity items , ana maria martins , university of lisbon , portugal 5 . 0 - 5 . 30pm the bi-polarity of ' any ' , lucia tovena , institute of scientific & technological research , trento , italy and jacques jayez , ecole des hautes etudes en sciences sociales , paris , france 5 . 30 - 6 . 30pm european studies research institute wine reception 8 . 0pm conference dinner ( manchester ) sunday 1 november 1998 9 . 0 - 9 . 30am coffee 9 . 30-10 . 0am focus particles in negative polarity in hindi , sharavan vasishth , ohio state university , usa 10 . 0-10 . 30am two types of negation in bengali , gillian ramchand , oxford university , uk 10 . 30-11 . 0am the syntax of negation and ov in late middle english , richard ingham , university of reading , uk 11 . 0-11 . 30am coffee 11 . 30-12 noon blocking effects in the expression of negation , jacob hoeksema , university of groningen , the netherlands 12noon - 1pm keynote lecture verb movement , tense and negation in west flemish , liliane haegeman , university of geneva , switzerland 1 . 0 - 2 . 0pm lunch 2 . 0 - 2 . 30pm negative polarity , modality and the comparative : a parametric approach , nathalie schapansky , simon fraser university , british colombia , canada 2 . 30 - 3 . 0pm negation and the acquisition of 's trong ' indefinites , irene kraemer , max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen , the netherlands 3 . 0 - 3 . 30pm head - movement in negation in english , annabel cormack and neil smith , university college london , uk 3 . 30 - 4 . 0pm tea alternates how many types of npi are there ? evidence from korean and english , chungmin lee , seoul national university , korea negative chains and operator movement , rita bhandari , suny , usa grammaticalization in progress : the development of a negative focus particle , ton van der wouden , universities of groningen & leiden , the netherlands negative constituent licensing in a negative concord language , nedzad leko , university of oslo , norway welsh negation , robert d borsley , university of wales , bangor , uk and bob morris - jones , university of wales , aberystwyth , uk - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - for bookings , please print out the registration form below , fill it in and return it with full conference fee to the address given . please note closing date for bookings : 9 october 1998 . university of salford , greater manchester , uk european studies research institute north west centre for linguistics first annual international conference negation : syntax , semantics and pragmatics ( organiser : paul rowlett , salford ) friday 30 october to sunday 1 november 1998 faraday house , research & graduate college , university of salford , greater manchester , uk sponsored by : the british academy the linguistics association of great britain the french embassy in london registration form to arrive before friday 9 october 1998 title : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ surname : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name ( s ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postcode / zipcode : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ daytime telephone number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration fee : gbp60 . 00 ( gbp30 . 00 for students ) includes all refreshments , buffet lunches and wine reception subtotal : gbp _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ saturday 31 october 1998 conference dinner : gbp16 . 00 subtotal : gbp _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ are you vegetarian ? yes / no please provide details of any specific dietary requirements : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ total payment : gbp _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cheques should be made payable to ' the university of salford ' in sterling only . alternatively , payment by credit card ( visa / mastercard ) is possible : card no . : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiry date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card holder 's name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ billing address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ an official receipt will be sent once registration forms , payment details or cheques have been received . please send completed registration forms ( and cheques ) to : miss wendy pickles , esri conference administrator , university of salford , crescent house , the crescent , salford , greater manchester m5 4wt , uk . telephone : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 5275 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 5223 e - mail : w . pickles @ esri . salford . ac . uk closing date for registration : friday 9 october 1998
  """",0
  2025,""""Subject: computer assisted language learning
   
   the international journal computer assisted language learning ( http : / / www . swets . nl / sps / journals / call . html ) is seeking submissions for a special edition focusing on the work of scholars based in japan . aims and scope : computer assisted language learning is an international journal which leads the field in its total dedication to all matters associated with the use of computers in language learning ( l1 and l2 ) it provides a forum to discuss the discoveries in the field and to exchange experience and information about existing techniques . the scope of the journal is intentionally wide-ranging and embraces a multitude of disciplines . areas covered : - pedagogical principles and their applications - cognitive modelling - observations on , and evaluation of , call software - intelligent tutoring systems - digitised versions of video and audio - application of ai to language teaching - computer assisted translation - computer assisted composition - multi - lingual systems - simulated - active learning environments audience : teachers and researchers , linguists , computer scientists , psychologists , and educationalists contributions may be e-mailed to mark peterson at japan advanced institute of science and technology e-mail mark @ jaist . ac . jp . the deadline for submissions will be september 30th 1998 . - - - - japan advanced institute of science and technology http : / / www . jaist . ac . jp / ~ mark /
  """",0
  2026,""""Subject: cal ' 98 : extended deadline for abstracts
   
   fourth conference on afroasiatic languages soas , london 25-27 june 1998 guest speakers : robert hoberman , paul newman , john saeed , baye yimam call for abstracts - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the fourth conference on afro - asiatic languages is to be held 25 - 27th june , 1998 , in london , england , organised by the school of oriental and african studies ( soas ) . the aim of the conference is to promote research in theoretical linguistics in relation to afro - asiatic languages . the editorial committee hopes to undertake the publication of a collection of papers based on the presentations at the colloquium , a volume in the series studies in afro - asiatic grammar ( holland academic graphics ) . abstracts are invited for thirty minute talks ( 30 + 10 ) in all areas of syntax , morphology and phonology . abstracts should be no less than one page and may not exceed two pages . send five anonymous copies of the abstracts and one copy with the name of author ( s ) and institution ( s ) . include a card containing the following information : name of author ( s ) , title of the paper , address and affiliation , phone number , fax and e-mail address ( if available ) . abstracts must be received by 15th february 1998 ( extended deadline ) . e - mail or fax submissions are accepted . send only one anonymous abstract in this case . all abstracts will be anonymously reviewed . address for abstracts : conference on afro - asiatic languages selection committee centre of african studies soas thornhaugh st . , russell square london , wc1h 0xg , u . k . fax : + 44 - ( 0 ) 171-323 - 6254 e - mail : cal @ soas . ac . uk website to be established = january 1998 : http : \ \ www . soas . ac . uk \ linguistics local committee : richard hayward , africa department , soas ; bruce ingham , linguistics department , soas ; jamal ouhalla , queen mary & westfield college ; denise perrett , soas .
  """",0
  2027,""""Subject: conference on language teacher education
   
   announcement and call for papers the center for advanced research on language acquisition at the university of minnesota announces an international conference on language teacher education may 20 - 23 , 1999 radisson-metrodome hotel minneapolis , minnesota , usa this conference will be of interest to anyone involved in the preparation and ongoing professional development of language teachers of all kinds : practitioners and researchers in the various sub-fields of language teacher education . the conference will address the education of teachers of all languages , at all instructional and institutional levels , and in all the many national and international contexts in which this takes place , including : esl / efl ; foreign / modern / world language teaching ; bilingual education ; immersion education ; indigenous and minority languages ; and the teaching of less commonly taught languages . the conference aims to bring together research , theory , and best practices from all these contexts , and to initiate and sustain meaningful professional dialogue across languages , levels , and settings . speakers and panelists will include : * gloria ladson - billings ( keynote address ) * jack richards ( honorary conference chair ) * dick allwright * elizabeth bernhardt * pat chaput * donald freeman * eugene garcia * kris gutierrez * nancy hornberger * karen e . johnson * denise mckeon * mimi met * june phillips the conference will focus on four principal themes : i . the knowledge base of language teacher education ii . social , cultural and political contexts of language teacher education iii . the processes of language teacher education iv . language teacher education policy for further information about the conference , and to be added to our mailing list , contact : international conference on language teacher education , carla , 333 appleby hall , university of minnesota , mpls mn 55455 . phone : 612-626 - 8600 . fax : 612-624 - 7514 . e - mail : < carla @ tc . umn . edu > . web : < http : / / carla . acad . umn . edu / teacher-ed . html > . more program information and registration forms will be included in a later mailing in fall 1998 . the call for papers follows below . please forward this announcement and call to others who may be interested ! call for papers the international conference on language teacher education welcomes proposals for papers on all aspects of the education and professional development of language teachers . papers may report on data-based research , theoretical and conceptual analyses , or best practices in language teacher education . the conference will focus on four broad themes . proposals are more likely to be accepted if they address one of these themes : theme i : the knowledge base of language teacher education a central issue in language teacher education is the question of what constitutes the knowledge base of language teaching and how it relates to the processes and content of teacher education . issues in this theme may include : * teachers ' knowledge and beliefs * teacher learning in formal and informal contexts * teachers ' ways of knowing * teacher socialization * professionalism * the nature of disciplinary knowledge . theme ii : social , cultural , and political contexts of language teacher education language teacher education takes place in multiple contexts and with diverse populations , where language , culture and identity are intricately bound together . papers in this theme may include critical and analytical perspectives on : * institutions , communities , and discourses within which teacher education practices are situated * power , status , and authority and language teacher education * diversity and equity in language teacher education , including issues of race , class , gender , sexual orientation , and language * the socially situated nature of language and learning theme iii : processes of language teacher education the processes of language teacher education refer to the ways in which the knowledge base is conceptualized and operationalized . these are constructed through the contributions and interpretations that all participants bring to the process . processes may include : * program design * curriculum * pedagogical methods * organization of instruction * practica * materials * observation / supervision * professional development for teachers at all experience levels theme iv : policy in language teacher education actions taken by formal and informal decision-making bodies have an impact on language teacher education . these policies influence the directions of teacher education even though they may or may not involve the participation of teacher educators . they can be formulated at the institutional , local , state , or national levels , and may include : * standards * legislative mandates * teacher education program requirements * recruitment and retention * advocacy by language teacher organizations presentations will be 30 minutes in length . in line with the dialogical spirit of the conference , each session of two or three papers will include presentations concerned with different contexts and types of language teacher education . submit proposals in the following form : i . 8 copies of a one-page , single-spaced abstract with the title of the presentation and the theme it addresses indicated in the top left-hand corner ( your name and institution should not appear on these copies ) . ii . 1 additional copy of the abstract which includes your name and institution in the top right-hand corner . iii . a 50 - word summary of your presentation to be published in the conference program . iv . a copy of the form attached below . proposals are to be sent to : dr . bill johnston , chair of the program committee , international conference on language teacher education , ilasll , university of minnesota , klaeber court 192 , 320 16th st . se , minneapolis , mn 55455 . phone : 612-626 - 2269 . e - mail : < billj @ tc . umn . edu > . submissions should be postmarked no later than october 31 , 1998 ( please note the extended deadline ) . submissions from outside the continental us only may be sent by fax to the following number : 612-627 - 1875 . applicants will be notified of the program committee 's decision no later than december 31 , 1998 . selected papers from the conference will be published in a collection of conference proceedings . proposal form a . information about presentation presenter 's name : title of presentation : theme : b . presenter information : institution : address : phone number work : home : fax : e - mail :
  """",0
  2028,""""Subject: international lexical functional grammar conf
   
   call for papers lfg99 1999 international lexical functional grammar conference 19 july - 21 july 1999 the university of manchester submission receipt deadline : 15 february 1999 url : http : / / lings . ln . man . ac . uk / html / lfg / enquiries : lfg99 @ man . ac . uk the university of manchester is pleased to invite you to participate in lfg99 which will take place from monday , july 19 till wednesday , july 21 1999 at the university of manchester , uk . the conference welcomes work both within the formal architecture of lexical - functional grammar and typological , formal , and computational work within the 's pirit of lfg ' , as a lexicalist approach to language employing a parallel , constraint-based framework . the conference aims to promote interaction and collaboration among researchers interested in nonderivational approaches to grammar , where grammar is seen as the interaction of constraints from multiple dimensions of linguistic substance , including category information , grammatical relations , and semantic information . further information about the syntactic theory lfg can be obtained from : http : / / clwww . essex . ac . uk / lfg / submissions the conference will involve 30 - minute talks , poster / system presentations , and workshops . talks and poster presentations will focus on results from completed as well as ongoing research , with an emphasis on novel approaches , methods , ideas , and perspectives , whether descriptive , theoretical , formal or computational . we particularly welcome papers and suggestions for workshops on a given language area . presentations should describe original , unpublished work . abstracts and papers must be received by february 15 , 1999 , and should be submitted to the program committee chairs at the address given below . for further information or offers of organisational help , contact the local organisers at the address below . poster / system presentations a scheduled session for posters and the demonstration of systems is planned as part of the conference , with the posters also available for viewing at other times throughout the conferece . workshops workshops are a small group of talks ( 2 - 4 ) on a coherent topic that can be expected to generate opposing views and discussion with the broader audience . participants to workshops are usually invited . workshop papers should be distributed in advance among participants and participants should refer to each others approaches . at this point in time , we welcome suggestions for workshops from potential organisers or people with certain interests . suggestions for workshops should be sent to the local organizers at lfg99 @ man . ac . uk . topics that have been mentioned for potential workshops include : - phenomena within a given language area ( such as amerindian ) - field work and linguistic theory - event conceptualization and lexical semantics - constructions / construction grammar and lfg actual workshop topics and participants will be announced later . timetable deadline for workshop proposals : 30 november 1998 deadline for receipt of submissions : 15 february 1999 acceptances sent out : 31 march 1999 conference : 19 july - 21 july 1999 submission specifications people may submit either abstracts or full length papers for refereeing . the advantages of full paper submission are that it allows better assessment of your work and that ( at least for some people ) accepted refereed full papers count as a higher status publication . the program chairs may decide that certain submissions are better as poster presentations than as read papers . submitters may also indicate if they wish a submission to be considered as a poster / system presentation . full length papers . papers should be no more than 15 pages , including figures and references , in 11 or 12pt type , on a4 / us letter paper . the printed text area must not exceed 165x230mm ( 6 . 5x9 inches ) , and should be centred horizontally and vertically on the page . omit name and affiliation , and obvious self reference from the version for review . papers should include a roughly 100-200 word abstract at the beginning . abstracts . abstracts should be one a4 page in 10pt or larger type and include a title . omit name and affiliation , and obvious self reference . a second page may be used for data , c - / f - and related structures , and references . papers / abstracts may be submitted by email or by regular mail ( or by both means as a safety measure ) . email submission is preferred . regular mail include : - five copies of the abstract / paper . - a card or cover sheet with the paper title , name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliation , address , phone / fax number , e-mail address , and whether the author ( s ) are students . email . include or attach your paper as either a plain ascii text , html , or postscript file . include the paper title , name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , address , phone / fax number , email address , and whether the author ( s ) are students in the body of your email message . all papers / abstracts will be reviewed by at least two people . papers will appear in the proceedings which will be published online by csli publications . selected papers may also appear in a printed volume published by csli publications . organisers and their contact addresses send paper / abstract / poster submissions and inquiries about submissions to : program committee chairs : tracy king < thking @ parc . xerox . com > miriam butt < miriam . butt @ uni-konstanz . de > mail : tracy holloway king information sciences and technologies laboratory xerox parc 3333 coyote hill road palo alto ca 94304 usa contact the conference organisers at : email : lfg99 @ man . ac . uk mail : kersti borjars or nigel vincent department of linguistics university of manchester manchester m13 9pl uk associated events given the great success of the pre-conference bushwalk organized as part of lfg98 , we are planning an organised walk in the peak district for the weekend preceding the conference . details and information on how to sign up for it will be provided in a subsequent call for papers . on the last evening of the conference there will be a conference dinner in a stately home on the outskirts of manchester . location the conference will be held at hulme hall , a hall of residence near the main university buildings . different types of b&b accommodation will be available in hulme hall , where all lectures , book displays etc will also take place . details of this and registration form will be provided at a later stage .
  """",0
  2029,""""Subject: acl ' 99 theme final cfp
   
   final call for theme proposals acl-99 conference : the 37th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics university of maryland june 22 - - 27 1999 the association for computational linguistics would like to encourage the submission of papers on substantial , original , and unpublished research on all aspects of computational linguistics . a particular aim for the 1999 conference is a broadening of both the thematic coverage and geographical origin of submissions ; to this end , we are experimenting with a new format . some proportion of the conference will be given over to special sessions , somewhat like a special issue of a journal , organised around themes proposed by members of the nlp community . our aim is to incorporate some of the intensity and excitement of the traditional post-conference workshops , without replacing those workshops - - - we expect , as has become traditional , that there will also be a set of post-conference workshops that will remain separate from the main meeting . this call invites proposals for thematic sessions in accordance with the considerations below ; a final call for papers will be sent out in early november . what is a thematic session ? we are soliciting proposals for themes that will provide 4 - - 8 high quality papers , typically forming one or two sessions in the main conference . proposers of accepted themes , who will become the chairs of those sessions , will have similar responsibilities to those of workshop organisers in terms of arranging reviewing and the delivery of camera ready copy ; however , the papers will be scheduled as part of the main sessions and will be published as part of the main conference proceedings . in terms of subject area coverage , we expect thematic sessions will be closer to workshop topic areas in focus . format of theme proposals please specify the following : - - chair details : name , address , email , telephone number , fax - - title - - summary : at most one page describing the proposed subject area , citing evidence that there is sufficient interest in the area to generate enough high quality submissions to populate up to a half-day 's worth of presentations . - - proposed review committee : each paper submitted should be reviewed by at least three people . as part of your proposal , you should suggest a potential review committee of around 12 people who will be asked to serve on the committee if the proposal is accepted . your list should demonstrate the spread of interest in the area in the community , encouraging both international participation and the participation of a broad range of researchers , including both senior members of the community and graduate students . theme proposals should be submitted to the email address provided below . informal enquiries as to what might work as a theme can also be directed to this address in advance of the submission date . possible themes might be topics like : nlp and data mining ; word segmentation in asian languages ; reconciling functional and formal approaches to syntax ; approaches to concept to speech . we provide these examples only as indications of the variety of topic areas that will be considered . important dates this call issued : september 14 , 1998 theme submissions deadline : october 12 , 1998 notification of selected themes : october 26 , 1998 call for papers : early november 1998 paper submissions deadline : january 25 , 1999 notification of acceptance : march 22 , 1999 camera ready papers due : may 3 , 1999 general submission questions chairs for the acl-99 program are ken church and robert dale . all queries regarding the program should be sent to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au ; this forwards to both authors . submission format theme proposals should be of approximately two pages in length , ideally submitted in ascii by email to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au with the subject : """""""" acl99 theme proposal """""""" . more complicated formats such as standalone latex ( not requiring additional style files ) , postscript , and word will be accepted if they print on the first try . hardcopy proposals should be faxed or mailed to * both * of the chairs , clearly labeled """""""" acl99 theme proposal """""""" . proposals should be received by 5pm gmt on october 12th 1998 . ken church ( co - chair ) robert dale ( chair ) at&t labs - research microsoft research institute 180 park ave , office d235 school of mpce po box 971 macquarie university florham park , nj 07932-0971 , usa sydney nsw 2109 , australia kwc @ research . att . com robert . dale @ mq . edu . au tel : + 1 973-360 - 8620 tel : + 61 2 9850 6331 fax : + 1 973-360 - 8077 fax : + 61 2 9850 9529
  """",0
  2030,""""Subject: c . t . james huang , syntax
   
   syntax huang , c . t . james ; logical relations in chinese and the theory of grammar ; 0-8153 - 3136 - 3 , cloth ; pages , $ 89 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this classic study in theoretical and chinese syntax has proven influential in recent developments of syntactic theory in areas as diverse as phrase structure , quantifier scope , anaphora , movement constraints , the form and meaning of interrogative sentences , and the nature of logical form . huang gives a detailed analysis of a wide range of grammatical constructions in chinese ( and english ) and shows that his analyses shed important new light on the theory of universal grammar and linguistic typology , often in ways unavailable from the study of english and other familiar european languages . some of the results of this work are : ( a ) a parametric theory of quantifier scope ; ( b ) a relativized notion of a ' governing category ' for chomsky 's ( 1981 ) binding theory ; ( c ) a theory of generalized control that derives the pro drop parameter and related phenomena ; ( d ) a proposed condition on extraction domains ( ced ) on overt movement ; ( e ) a proposal of lf wh-movement for languages without wh-movement ; and ( f ) a generalizationof the ecp to account for a full range of adjunct / complement asymmetriesand subject / object asymmetries in syntactic and lf extraction . the proposed analyses exemplify how an optimal theory of typology should come about as the ' by-product ' of an optimal theory of ug . the author is professor of linguistics at the university of california , irvine . e - mail : info @ garland . com
  """",0
  2031,""""Subject: igg call for papers
   
   xxv incontro di grammatica generativa universita ' di siena february , 25-27 1999 conference announcement and call for papers please post ! next year the traditional annual meeting of italian generativists will take place in siena at the end of february ( february , 25-27 1999 ) . abstract submission : the incontro will consist of approximately 20 talks of 40 minutes each plus discussion . official languages of the incontro will be both italian and english . abstracts may not exceed 2 pages and should be sent anonymously in four copies , accompanied by a camera-ready original with the author 's name , e-mail address and affiliation to the following address : xxv incontro di grammatica generativa prof . luigi rizzi universita ' di siena scienze della comunicazione facolta ' di lettere e filosofia via del giglio 14 53100 siena fax number : + 39 0577 298461 ( please note that if you use fax , you can just send one anonymous copy together with the camera-ready one ) . deadline for submission of abstracts : december , 12 1998 the invited speaker to the conference will be ian roberts of the university of stuttgart . some information on how to get to siena and where to stay during the conference will be given in a following message . however , if you need to contact the organizers , please send an e-mail to : igg @ unisi . it
  """",0
  2032,""""Subject: call for papers
   
   call for papers annual conference of the caal ( canadian association of applied linguistics ) , 1999 ( during the annual meetings of the social sciences and humanities federation ) june 3 to 5 , 1999 university of sherbrooke , sherbrooke , quebec proposals are invited for individual presentations or colloquia on the two major themes : language planning and language pedagogy . open papers are also acceptable . for more information , please see the full text of the call for papers : http : / / www . uwo . ca / french / acla / caal98eng . html proposals should be sent by e-mail before december 18 , 1998 to aclacaal @ julian . uwo . ca * * * * * appel aux communications congres annuel de l ' acla ( association canadienne de linguistique appliquee ) du 3 au 5 juin 1999 ( pendant la rencontre annuelle de la federation des sciences humaines ) universite de sherbrooke , sherbrooke ( quebec ) le comite scientifique sollicite des propositions de communication et de symposium sur les deux themes principaux : l ' amenagement linguistique et la pedagogie des langues . les communications portant sur d ' autres sujets seront egalement acceptees . pour plus de renseignements , veuillez consulter le texte complet de l ' appel de communications : http : / / www . uwo . ca / french / acla / caal98fra . html les propositions doivent etre adressees avant le 18 decembre 1998 par electronique a aclacaal @ julian . uwo . ca = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = jeff tennant associate professor / professeur agrege departement de francais / department of french the university of western ontario london , ontario n6a 3k7 canada tel : ( 519 ) 661-2111 xt 5688 ( 519 ) 661-2163 ( messages ) fax : ( 519 ) 661-3470 jtennant @ julian . uwo . ca http : / / www . uwo . ca / french / = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
  """",0
  2033,""""Subject: semantics
   
   we would like to inform the members of linguist that a new book called semantiques , under the direction of michel chambreuil , has just been published in french by hermes . ( ben gharbia , bernigot , chambreuil , gamallo , panissod , reinberger ( 1998 ) , semantiques . paris , hermes . ) abstract : what can be , today , the object of the semantics of natural languages ? what hypotheses can be advanced on the entities associated to linguistic expressions , and on the operations involved in the processing of complex expressions ? implicit or explicit , these questions are present in all theoretical research on the semantics of natural language . by the analysis of different linguistic theories , following a similar outline for each of them , this book permits a critical reflection on these questions . it also aims at making the current research in which these theories are present more accessible for the reader . moreover , this research , by considering issues on the dynamics of the processing of information , its contextualisation , and the fundamental cognitive abilities of the speaker , is also in line with broader issues concerning , for instance , different domains of computer science or also cognitive sciences . the different theories dealt with are first order predicate logic , intensional semantics , boolean semantics , general semantics ( vanderveken ) , dynamic semantics , situation theory and cognitive grammar . the authors of this book , who are linguists , computer scientists , mathematicians , are members of the group of semantics of the laboratory of research on language ( lrl ) of the university blaise pascal , clermont ii . their research concerns the analysis of fundamental semantic principles , from specific issues such as : conceptual combination , coordination , quantification . michel chambreuil , mathematician and linguist , is professor at the university blaise pascal , clermont - ferrand , france . this book can be ordered : - on www . editions-hermes . fr , - or at the following adress : 8 , quai du march - neuf - 75004 paris - france , - or by fax ( 01 53 10 15 21 ) , - or by e-mail : hermes @ iway . fr
  """",0
  2034,""""Subject: isfc ' 99
   
   isfc99 - - the 26th systemic functional institute and congress department of english language & literature national university of singapore institute : 22-24 july 1999 congress : 26-30 july 1999 theme : linguistics and education on entering the 21st century the institute the three day institute preceding the congress offers courses in the theory and practice of systemic functional linguistics ( sfl ) by leading figures within the field . for those who are not familiar with the model , the courses can provide the necessary background for the congress which is to follow . the major themes that will be treated at the institute include grammar , discourse , sociolinguistics , education , literature , information technology and computational methods . the congress the congress will bring together systemic functional linguists and those interested in finding out more about the ever increasing range of applications of sfl . with the 26th international systemic functional congress ( isfc99 ) being held in singapore , we extend a specially warm welcome to australian and asian participants . in addition we hope that many from europe , north america and other parts will be able to join us here in what should be a very special occasion , with a list of plenary speakers that includes michael halliday , ruqaiya hasan , hu zhuanglin , jim martin , fran christie and michael o ' toole . the congress theme is linguistics and education on entering the 21st century . we welcome contributions from any of the growing number of theoretical and practical fields of sfl including extensions to other semiotic systems , and applications of sfl to education . while we expect the majority of papers and workshops to be located within a sfl framework , we welcome other contributions including those that offer an alternative perspective . call for offers of papers and workshops if you would like to offer a paper or a workshop , please send your proposal of one page ( a4 or us legal or email equivalent ) email , fax or hardcopy to the address below by 31st december 1998 . if you need a letter of acceptance for funding purposes , please inform us by marking your proposal """""""" urgent """""""" . papers should be designed to fit into a 40 minute slot which includes the time for questions and discussion . the workshops are three hours long . the workshops offer the opportunity for discussion , learning and improving skills such as developing theoretical knowledge and text analysis and demonstration of software and so forth . partial funding partial funding to attend the institute and congress will be considered in exceptional circumstances how to receive the second circular the second circular will contain details of the programme for the institute and congress , a list of the costs and the registration forms . it is essential that you write , fax or email us in order to receive a copy . the message need only be : """""""" request for second circular """""""" . also if you would like copies of the isfc99 poster , please let us know and we will forward the required number to you . address for correspondence and secretariat email : ellsfc99 @ nus . edu . sg post : isfc99 department of english language and literature national university of singapore 10 kent ridge crescent singapore 119260 fax : ( 65 ) 773 2981 website : further information will be posted on the website : http : / / www . fas . nus . edu . sg / ell / systemic / isfc-99 . html location of the institute and congress both the institute and congress will be held at the regional language centre ( relc ) , international hotel in the centre of singapore . this centre offers first rate conference facilities including accommodation , breakfasts and lunches ( and coffee breaks ) . more information about the facilities and what to do in singapore will be provided in the second circular . institute and congress organisers joseph foley , kay o'halloran , lionel wee , lisa lim , benny lee and vincent ooi and joyce james ( relc ) . any enquiries related to academic matters may be directed to : joe foley ellfoley @ nus . edu . sg kay o'halloran ellkoh @ leonis . nus . edu . sg
  """",0
  2035,""""Subject: dialogues on bakhtin
   
   dialogues on bakhtin : interdisciplinary readings mika lhteenmki & hannele dufva ( toim . ) jyvskyl : centre for applied language studies , 1998 . 116 s . the ideas of mikhail bakhtin ( 1895-1975 ) , who has become the foremost russian philosopher and thinker in the humanities , have received much scholarly interest in the recent years . thus , the legacy of bakhtin , which during his lifetime clearly belonged to the realm of ' unofficial ' , has by today gained a firm official and institutional status both in his homeland and in the west . the present volume represents an interdisciplinary view to the work of mikhail bakhtin . the articles cover ' bakhtinology proper ' as well as recontextualizations of bakhtinian metaphors within various disciplines , such as linguistics , psychology of language , literary criticism and psychotherapy . contents : c . brandist & d . shepherd : from saransk to cyberspace : towards an electronic edition of bakhtin v . makhlin : bakhtin against the current e . peuranen : bakhtin : soft and hard k . matilainen : bakhtin and modernity : crisis of the architechtonic , crisis of the dialogue , crisis of the carnivalesque m . lhteenmki : on dynamics and stability : saussure , voloshinov , and bakhtin o . - p . salo : developing language in social context : on the relationship between dialogical theory and the study of language acquisition h . dufva : from ' psycholinguistics ' to a dialogical psychology of language : aspects of the inner discourse ( s ) m . leiman : words as intersubjective mediator in psychotherapeutic discourse : the presence of hidden voices in patient utterances price : 80 fim inquiries and orders : centre for applied language studies university of jyvskyl , pl 35 , 40351 jyvskyl fax + 358-14 - 603 521 ; e-mail : toimisto @ kkkk . jyu . fi
  """",0
  2036,""""Subject: tei report , call for proposals
   
   the future of the tei report and final invitation for proposals 1 background information as reported on this list in early september , the text encoding initiative is considering options for its future organization and funding , and is actively exploring the possibility of a consortium or cooperative organization to support the maintenance and extension of the tei guidelines . on 3 - 4 october , the tei executive committee met with representatives of the tei 's sponsoring organizations ( ach , acl , and allc ) and of some prospective host institutions . the purpose of this note is - to report to the community on the steps being taken toward the goal of a new organization for the tei , - to outline for all concerned the current schedule of events leading toward a final decision , and - to reiterate the invitation for institutions interested in hosting a tei organization to contact the tei as soon as possible , in order to ensure that any proposals can receive full consideration . 2 issues list in the course of the meeting , we elaborated a list of issues which must be resolved in the course of any decision on the tei 's future organization and structure ; any proposal for organizing and hosting a tei structure is expected to address these questions . - intellectual property rights : the tei 's sponsoring organizations are taking steps to clarify the current status of rights in the tei ; any new structure needs to make clear how those rights are to be managed in the future . there is a strong conviction that in any new organizational structure the results of the tei 's work must remain publicly accessible , as they are now . - the governance and legal status of the proposed organization must be described . it is essential that the legal structure be one that allows full participation by institutions and individuals from all countries ; in particular , institutions in the european and north american countries where tei activity and use are currently most common should be on an equal footing . - proposals need to specify a plausible business plan and indicate the level of fees and other funding needed to make the proposed organization self-sustaining . the executive committee and sponsoring organizations have no particular requirements on this topic ( beyond the hope that membership fees not be prohibitively expensive ) ; prospective hosts must take into account the cultural differences between europe and america as regards fees for membership in consortia and cooperative organizations . - geography : there is a strong wish that the international flavor of the tei be maintained with regard to the membership , governance , and provision of service by a tei organization . - the tei has developed a structure and a set of procedures for organizing and carrying out the intellectual work of maintaining the guidelines ; proposals for the tei 's future need to specify in how far these procedures will be retained , and how they will be changed . - proposals for a tei organization should contain provisions describing what is to happen if the organization is unsuccessful ; such a fall-back plan should provide among other things for the reversion of the tei to the original sponsoring organizations . - the future role of the current sponsoring organizations in the future guidance of the tei must be spelled out . there is , in principle , a broad range of possibilities here ; in practice , the current sponsoring organizations wish to have some active role in the governance of the tei , at least for some initial period - - both in order to ensure continuity in the project and to demonstrate their continuing support for the tei and its goals . - the scope of the proposed organization or cooperative must also be clear - - where 's cope ' may be described in terms of discipline , or of type of activity , or of the common bases or foci of activities . the sponsoring organizations recognize that standards of many kinds may be relevant to the activities of their members , and they expect to continue collaborating with each other on standards of mutual concern . whatever institutional and organizational framework is set up for the tei must be in a position to collaborate flexibly with future initiatives of the sponsoring organizations ( as well as continuing the tei 's involvement in work on related standards like xml ) . 3 timetable the timetable for the decision about the future organization of the tei is as follows : 31 october 1998 : initial proposals should be received from prospective hosts . november 1998 : a review committee consisting of the tei executive committee and additional representatives from the sponsoring organizations will review and discuss the proposals and ask proposers for explanations and clarification of matters of detail in the proposals . 30 november 1998 : cut-off for the discussion process , and deadline for submission of revised proposals , with full institutional commitments . early to mid - december 1998 : a short list of proposals will be selected , and proposers will be notified and invited to give final presentations at a meeting in january 1999 . mid - january 1999 : meeting of review committee to receive final presentations , following which the sponsoring organizations will decide the future arrangements for the tei . 31 january 1999 : public announcement of the decision made by the sponsoring organizations will be made by the end of january . 4 invitation institutions interested in proposing to organize and host a tei organization ( or to make any other proposal for the future of the tei ) should contact the tei secretariat as soon as possible at the address below for further information , since initial proposals are expected at the end of october , and final proposals , including full institutional commitments , are due 30 november . members of the sponsoring organizations , or other users of the tei , who would like to express their views on any of the issues outlined above , or to suggest other issues that should be considered , are invited to comment on tei - l , or to contact the appropriate bodies within their association , or to write directly to the tei executive committee in care of the address below . - c . m . sperberg - mcqueen , university of illinois at chicago lou burnard , oxford university tei secretariat : c . m . sperberg - mcqueen , tei @ uic . edu
  """",0
  2037,""""Subject: cfp : foundation for endangered langages
   
   the foundation for endangered languages is now accepting proposals for projects of work that will support , enable or assist the documentation , protection or promotion of one or more endangered languages . please pass on this announcement to your friends and colleagues in endangered language communities who may not have access to the internet or e-mail . form for submissions there is a form which defines the content of appropriate proposals , and this may be obtained from the foundation 's liaison officer , christopher moseley , < chris _ moseley @ mon . bbc . co . uk > 2 wanbourne lane , nettlebed . oxfordshire rg9 5ah england fax + 44-1491 - 641922 all proposals must be submitted in this form , to ensure comparability ( although see note 4 below ) . deadline the time-limit for proposals to be considered in the current round will be the 8th of november 1998 . by that date , proposals and supporting testimonials must reach christopher moseley , at the address specified in the form . the fel committee will announce its decision before the 31st of december 1998 . four points to note especially : 1 . the foundation 's funds are extremely limited and it is not anticipated that any award will be greater than us $ 1 , 000 . smaller proposals stand a better chance of funding . 2 . where possible , work undertaken within endangered language communities themselves will be preferred . 3 . the foundation for endangered languages ( fel ) is a separate from the endangered language fund ( elf ) < elf @ haskins . yale . edu > , which is also announcing its request for proposals about now , but on a somewhat different timescale . it is perfectly possible ( and has indeed occurred in the past ) that the same project can be partially funded by both fel and elf . 4 . those who have already submitted proposals to fel speculatively should contact chris moseley to confirm what information , if any , still needs to be submitted . the form should be used to submit this additional information . nicholas ostler president foundation for endangered languages uk registered charity 1070616 http : / / www . bris . ac . uk / depts / philosophy / ctll / fel / batheaston villa , 172 bailbrook lane bath ba1 7aa england + 44-1225 - 85-2865 fax + 44-1225 - 85-9258 nostler @ chibcha . demon . co . uk
  """",0
  2038,""""Subject: arabic linguistics socitey program
   
   the arabic linguistics society together with the university of illinois at champaign - urbana announce the twelfth annual symposium on arabic linguistics march 6 - 8 , 1998 friday , march 6 morning session 8 : 30 - 8 : 45 registration 8 : 45 - 9 : 00 welcoming remarks 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 hypocoristic formation in ammani - jordanian arabic bushra zawaydeh and stuart davis , indiana university 9 : 30 - 10 : 00 an acoustic - articulatory study of uvularization khalil iskarous , university of illinois 10 : 00-10 : 30 the phonology of emphasis and timbre in moroccan arabic mostafa shoul , mohammed i university 10 : 30-11 : 00 the spreading effect of emphatic consonants on long vowels in modern standard arabic ahmed alioua , universit cadi ayyad 11 : 00-11 : 15 coffee 11 : 15-12 : 15 modes of interrogation guest speaker : joseph aoun university of southern california afternoon session 2 : 00 - 2 : 30 checking and licensing inside dp in arabic m . a . mohammad , university of florida 2 : 30 - 3 : 00 dialect variation in arabic : the case of tetuani arabic and spanish arabic jamal ouhalla , university of london 3 : 00 - 3 : 15 coffee 3 : 15 - 3 : 45 free relatives in lebanese arabic lina choueiri , university of southern california 3 : 45 - 4 : 15 principled concordance peter hallman , ucla 4 : 15 - 4 : 45 arabic morphological causatives : numeration and local economy mark letourneau , weber state university 4 : 45 - 5 : 15 correspondence in arabic morphology ali idrissi , king abdulaziz university 6 : 00 reception , colonial room saturday , march 7 morning session 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 ( 8 ) and ( 9 ) as ternary and binary variables in damascus arabic jamil daher , new york university 9 : 30 - 10 : 00 avoidance behavior in writing arabic : an exploratory study of l1 linguistic insecurity kirk belnap , byu 10 : 00-10 : 30 contact between arabic and arabic : distancing frames in reported speech niloofar haeri , johns hopkins university 10 : 30-11 : 00 code alternations among arabic speakers in america kamel a . elsaadany , university of illinois at urbana - champaign 11 : 00-11 : 15 coffee 11 : 15-12 : 15 traditional arabic grammar and modern functional linguistics : unity in diversity guest speaker : ahmed moutaouakil mohammed v university afternoon session 2 : 00 - 2 : 30 relative clauses in moroccan arabic : a discourse perspective ahmed fakhri , west virginia university 2 : 30 - 3 : 00 on inna , anna , et alia david testen , university of chicago 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 on some phonetic and orthographic phenomenon as attested in an 11th - century judeo - arabic work maria angeles gallego , emory university 3 : 30 - 3 : 45 coffee 3 : 45 - 4 : 15 computational tool for developing morpho - phonological models for arabic george anton kiraz , bell laboratories 4 : 15 - 4 : 45 arabic stem morpho - tactics via finite - state intersection kenneth r . beesley , xerox research centre europe 4 : 45 - 5 : 15 testing lexical differences in regional standard arabics dilworth b . parkinson , brigham young university , and zeinab ibrahim , the american university in cairo sunday , march 8 morning session 9 : 00 - 9 : 30 acquisition of binding in l1 arabic naomi bolotin , university of kansas 9 : 30 - 10 : 00 do we need control theory ? ibtissam kortobi , university of southern california 10 : 00-10 : 30 secondary predication in the syntax of arabic wafaa batran wahba , mansura university 10 : 30-10 : 45 coffee 10 : 45-11 : 15 the construct state in arabic moha ennaji , university of fes 11 : 15-11 : 45 the syntax of small clauses in moroccan arabic fatima sadiqi , university of fes registration form name address city / state zip country affiliation email address amount enclosed : preregistration ( deadline : feb . 16 , 1998 ) $ 15 als 1998 membership dues : at the door $ 20 students $ 10 faculty & students , university of illinois free faculty $ 15 checks , drawn on us banks , or international money orders should be made payable to the arabic linguistics society and sent with registration forms to : tessa hauglid , 759 west 1800 north , west bountiful , ut 84087 , usa ( email : tessa . hauglid @ m . cc . utah . edu ) . the symposium will be held at the illini union , 1401 west green st . , urbana , illinois . the hotel offers symposium participants reduced rates : $ 60 single , $ 68 double . reservations may be made by contacting the hotel directly at ( 217 ) 333-3030 . the lincoln lodge , within a short walking distance of the illini at 403 west university avenue , is also offering a special rate of $ 48 . 89 for symposium participants . reservations may be made by calling ( 217 ) 367-1111 . at both hotels , mention the arabic linguistics society to obtain conference rates . airlines which fly into champaign include : american , usair , united , and twa . for further information regarding arrangements at the university , contact elabbas benmamoun : tel . ( 217 ) 333-7129 ; fax ( 217 ) 333-3466 ; email benmamou @ lees . cogsci . uiuc . edu . check out the als website at http : / / lees . cogsci . uiuc . edu : 80 / linguistics / arabic / index . html . arabic linguistics society 759 west 1800 north west bountiful , ut 84087 usa
  """",0
  2039,""""Subject: workshop on language change in japan and east asia
   
   call for papers workshop on language change in japan and east asia university of sheffield , uk 21st - 23rd may 1999 deadline : all submissions must be received by january 10 , 1999 . this workshop aims to provide a forum for presenting research on language change in japanese and other east asian languages ( chinese , korean ) , putting language change in the individual languages into a broader east asian context . we especially encourage presentations which investigate more than one language . potential topics include , but are not limited to : emergence of vernacular vs classical language , historical phonology , japanese - korean - altaic relationship , historical syntax , neologism , loanwords , english influence , standardisation and the fate of dialects or minority languages , role of kanji , etc . abstracts submitted must represent original , unpublished research . presentations will be 20 minutes long , plus 10 minutes for questions and discussion . please submit : 1 ) a clearly titled 1 page abstract for review . examples and references may be given on a second page . if your paper is accepted , this abstract will be included in the conference handbook . no changes in the title or the authors ' names will be possible after acceptance . 2 ) for each author , one copy of the information form printed at the bottom of this message . please include a self-addressed , stamped postcard for acknowledgment of receipt . notice of acceptance or rejection will be sent by march , 1999 . pre - registration materials and a preliminary programme schedule will also be available in march , 1999 . it is anticipated that a volume based on papers presented at the workshop will be published . send submissions to : workshop on language change in japan and east asia school of east asian studies university of sheffield floor 5 , arts tower western bank sheffield s10 2tn telephone : + 44-114 - 222-8400 fax : + 44-114 - 222-8432 e - mail : t . e . mcauley @ sheffield . ac . uk email submission of abstracts is encouraged . author information form ( one to be filled out completely for each author ) title : topic area : audio - visual equipment requests : full name : affiliation : contact address : email address : contact telephone number :
  """",0
  2040,""""Subject: language planning and language pedagogy
   
   * * * call for papers annual conference of the caal ( canadian association of applied linguistics ) , 1999 ( during the annual meetings of the social sciences and humanities federation ) june 3 to 5 , 1999 university of sherbrooke , sherbrooke , quebec proposals are invited for individual presentations or colloquia on the two major themes : language planning and language pedagogy . open papers are also acceptable . for more information , please see the full text of the call for papers : http : / / www . uwo . ca / french / acla / caal98eng . html proposals should be sent by e-mail before december 18 , 1998 to aclacaal @ julian . uwo . ca * * * * * appel aux communications congres annuel de l ' acla ( association canadienne de linguistique appliquee ) du 3 au 5 juin 1999 ( pendant la rencontre annuelle de la federation des sciences humaines ) universite de sherbrooke , sherbrooke ( quebec ) le comite scientifique sollicite des propositions de communication et de symposium sur les deux themes principaux : l ' amenagement linguistique et la pedagogie des langues . les communications portant sur d ' autres sujets seront egalement acceptees . pour plus de renseignements , veuillez consulter le texte complet de l ' appel de communications : http : / / www . uwo . ca / french / acla / caal98fra . html les propositions doivent etre adressees avant le 18 decembre 1998 par courrier electronique a aclacaal @ julian . uwo . ca
  """",0
  2041,""""Subject: toc : journal of african languages and linguistics ( jall ) 19 : 1 ( 1998 )
   
   journal of african languages and linguistics volume 19 : 1 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york marie k . huffman and thomas j . hinnebusch . . . . . . the phonetic nature of ` voiceless ' nasals in pokomo : implications for sound change e . kweku osam . . . . . . . . . . . . . complementation in akan book reviews philip baker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . creoles , pidgins , varietes vehiculaires . proces et genese , by gabriel manessy herman m . batibo . . . . . . . . . . topics in african linguistics , by salikoko s . mufwene and lioba moshi ( eds . ) bruce connell . . . . . . . . . . . . . historical perspectives on chamba daka , by raymond boyd jan daeleman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . luba sprichwoerter . uebersetzte , erweiterte und ueberarbeitete ausgabe einer anonymen sammlung aus zaire , and tonrelationen in luba-sprich - woertern . reimformen auf suprasegmentaler ebene bei den baluba und beena-luluwa in zaire , by hans - ingolf weier jean l . doneux . . . . . . . . . . . . a grammar of kisi , a southern atlantic language , by g . tucker childs margo a . e . fransen . . . . . . . . discourse features of ten languages of west-central africa , by stephen h . levinson ( ed . ) kamanda kola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . la langue mondo : esquisse grammaticale , textes et dictionnaire , by andre vallaeys christa koenig . . . . . . . . . . . . perspektiven afrikanistischer forschung . beitraege zur linguistik , ethnologie , geschichte , philosophie und literatur . x . afrikanistentag , by thomas bearth , wilhelm j . g . moehlig , beat sottas and edgar suter ( eds . ) dieke rietkerk . . . . . . . . . . . . talk , thought and thing - the emic road towards conscious knowledge , by kenneth l . pike vincent de rooji . . . . . . . . . . codeswitching in gambia : eine soziolinguistische untersuchung von mandinka , wolof und englisch in kontakt , by delia haust recent publications in african linguistics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
  """",0
  2042,""""Subject: the linguistic review 15 / 2 - 3 ( 1998 ) special issue : greek syntax
   
   the linguistic review volume 15 / 2 - 3 ( 1998 ) special issue greek syntax : from minimality to optimality edited by gaberell drachman and dimitra theophanopoulou - kontou mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york editorial preface gaberell drachman . . . . . . . . . the syntax of early greek irene philippaki - warburton functional categories and modern greek syntax spyridoula varlokosta , anne vainikka and bernhard rohrbacher . . . . . . . functional projections , markedness , and ` root infinitives ' in early child greek chrysoula klidi . . . . . . . . . . . negative polarity items and negative quantifiers in modern greek : two in one or one in two ? anastasia giannakidou and jason merchant . . . . . . . . . . . . reverse sluicing in english and greek artemis alexiadou and melita stavrou . . . . . . . . . . . . ( a ) symmetries in dps and clauses : evidence from derived nominals filippo beghelli . . . . . . . . . . mood and the interpretation of indefinites _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
  """",0
  2043,""""Subject: glot international 3 - 7
   
   g l o t i n t e r n a t i o n a l editors : lisa lai - shen cheng and rint sybesma < mailto : glot @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl > < http : / / www . hag . nl / glot . htm > table of contents , vol . 3 , issue 7 ( september 1998 ) * state - of-the - article * ljiljana progovac on structure for coordination ( part i ) """""""" while counterexamples do not necessarily falsify a theory , it seems safe to conclude that counterexamples do indeed falsify a generalization that does not follow from a theory , which seems to be the case with coordination of likes constraint . """""""" * column * neil smith on jackdaws , sex and language acquisition """""""" in fact , ethologists make pretty good mothers compared to the average jackdaw . """""""" * dissertations * willem visser 's the frisian syllable ( vu amsterdam , 1997 ) reviewed by sam rosenthall norvin richards ' what moves where when in which language ? ( mit , 1997 ) reviewed by andrew simpson * book reviews * roger schwarzschild 's pluralities ( kluwer 1996 ) reviewed by sjaak de mey * goodies * sean crist and tony kroch 's trees reviewed by colin phillips * book notice * shohei yoshida 's phonological government in japanese ( australian national u , 1997 ) ( krisztina polgardi ) """""""" the number of death """""""" a linguistic mystery in eight installments by chris sidney tappan chapter 6 : supporting datas
  """",0
  2044,""""Subject: pragmatics : m . roelofs : """""""" hoe bedoel je ? """"""""
   
   new from holland academic graphics : """""""" hoe bedoel je ? """""""" de verwerving van pragmatische vaardigheden door marja roelofs in """""""" hoe bedoel je ? """""""" de verwerving van pragmatische vaardigheden wordt de ontwikkeling van een groot aantal pragmatische aspecten bij nederlandstalige kinderen in de leeftijd tussen 4 en 9 jaar beschre - ven . deze jaren zijn interessant omdat een kind , als het op z ' n vierde naar school gaat , plotseling met veel meer communicatief verschillende situaties geconfronteerd wordt dan thuis ; zo zal het nu bijvoorbeeld veel vaker met vreemden moeten communiceren . de pragmatische aspecten zijn bestudeerd in twee verschillende genres van taalgebruik , namelijk een conversatie met een volwassene ( stap - gesprek ) en een vertelling . de verwerving van de produktie van spontane taal staat hierbij centraal . de eerste helft van het boek richt zich op een beschrijving van het pragmatische onderzoeksveld in het algemeen en op pragmatische ontwikkeling in het bijzonder . aan de hand van de resultaten , gepresen - teerd in de hoofdstukken 4 , 5 en 6 , worden in hoofdstuk 7 een aantal pragmatische ontwikkelingslijnen geschetst . inhoud : 1 . introductie van het onderzoekskader 2 . de onderzoekslite - ratuur 3 . de onderzoeksopzet en de onderzoeksvragen 4 . analyse en resultaten : de structuur van de conversatie 5 . analyse en resultaten : de functie en de inhoud van de conversatie 6 . analyse en resultaten : de narratie en de vergelijking tussen de twee genres 7 . discussie en aanbevelingen 1998 . 232 pp . isbn 90-5569 - 048 - 1 . paperback . [ lot international series 5 . ifott / university of amsterdam dissertation ] price for individuals ordering directly from hag : nlg 38 . 40 ( excl . p&p and vat ) . holland academic graphics , the hague < http : \ \ www . hag . nl >
  """",0
  2045,""""Subject: esther torrego , the dependencies of objects
   
   for more information please visit http : / / mitpress . mit . edu / promotions / books / tordpf98 the dependencies of objects esther torrego this monograph investigates the nature , properties , and consequences of the grammatical constraints that yield overt marking of objects in a variety of languages . the author , working within the minimalist program , concentrates on the syntactic and semantic behaviors of a particular class of objects : objects morphologically marked by the dative preposition in romance languages , especially in several spanish dialects , with consideration of similar phenomena in other languages . the central questions addressed revolve around the syntactic derivations that have accusative and dative complements and the role played by """""""" doubling """""""" clitics in these derivations . the analysis , concerned primarily with case theory , unifies syntactic phenomena by isolating the grammatical factors that yield structures with accusative and dative objects . the monograph also includes a discussion of some classical themes of syntactic theory in the romance languages , including asymmetries in the wh-movement of objects with clitics , and causatives . esther torrego is professor of spanish and linguistics at the university of massachusetts , boston . linguistic inquiry monograph 34 september 1998 6 x 9 , 216 pp . paper , isbn 0-262 - 70068 - 9 ; cloth , isbn 0-262 - 20112 - 7
  """",0
  2046,""""Subject: theoretical and applied linguistics
   
   first call for papers 44th annual conference , international linguistic association april 16-18 , 1999 , new york university , ny , ny major theme : gender & language while papers on the major theme are especially solicited , abstracts on any subject in theoretical and applied linguistics are welcomed . one - page , single-spaced , anonymous abstracts should clearly state the problems addressed , or research quetions , and some indication of results or conclusions . send via e-mail to the conference chair . simultaneously , send 3 hard , camera-ready coies , plus a 3x5 card bearing name , title of paper , addresses , affiliation , audio-visual equipment needed and time desired ( maximum 20 minutes plus discussion ) to the conference secretary . submissions on diskettes will not be accepted . those wishing to propose panels , or special sessions , etc . , should contact the conference chair . deadline for recept of abstracts is january 4 , 1999 . send e-mail to the chair : hard copies & card to the secretary : deakins @ frontier . wilpaterson . edu johanna j . woltjer prof . alice h . deakins 511 west 112 st . english dept . new york , ny 10025 william paterson university ( 212 ) 749-3366 wayne , nj 07470 ( 973 ) 720-2582
  """",0
  2047,""""Subject: romance languages
   
   lsrl 29 second call for papers the xxix linguistic symposium on romance languages university of michigan april 8-11 , 1999 deadline for receipt of abstracts : december 15 , 1998 invited speakers : james harris ( mit ) esther torrego ( umass ) enric vallduvi ( universitat pompeu fabra ) dieter wanner ( osu ) ( parasession ; see below ) main session abstracts are invited for 20 - minute talks ( plus 10 minutes for discussion ) on any aspect of romance linguistics . authors are asked to send six ( 6 ) copies of an anonymous abstract and one additional copy with the author 's name and affiliation ( the latter will be reproduced in the meeting handbook if the paper is accepted for presentation ) . abstracts should be no more than two pages in length ( including examples and references ) , in 12 - point type . all margins should be at least one inch wide ( or 2 . 5 cm ) . please also include a legible 3 """""""" x 5 """""""" card with paper title , name of author ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , address , phone number , and e-mail address . to facilitate the review process , please indicate the primary area of linguistics addressed in the paper . those who wish to be considered for both the main session and the parasession ( see below ) should send two sets of materials ( please indicate main session / parasession ) . submissions are limited to a maximum of one individual and one joint abstract per author . e - mail submissions will be accepted , provided that a camera-ready hardcopy is received no later than december 24 , 1998 ( sorry , no faxes will be accepted ) . preference will be given to presentations not duplicated at other major conferences ( e . g . , lsa , nels , wccfl ) . authors are asked to indicate prior or planned presentations of their papers on the abstract submission card . notification : no later than february 2 , 1999 . parasession : new solutions to old problems : issues in romance historical linguistics organized by steven dworkin invited speaker : dieter wanner ( osu ) abstracts for twenty-minute papers are invited for a parasesison on the theme """""""" new solutions to old problems : issues in romance historical linguistics . """""""" this session seeks to explore how developments in such fields as grammaticalization , typology , sociolinguistics , language contact , formal theory , etc . may offer new insights into explaining changes that have ocurred in the development over time of the romance languages . papers should deal with specific changes in individual romance languages or with evolutionary trends in the romance family as a whole . papers that are in essence synchronic descriptions of attested older states of romance languages are not suitable for this parasession . abstract guidelines are the same as those for the main session . all submissions should be sent to : lsrl 29 organizing committee ( main session ) d . cresti , t . satterfield , & c . tortora program in linguistics 1076 frieze building university of michigan ann arbor , mi 48109-1285 usa lsrl 29 organizing committee ( parasession ) s . dworkin program in linguistics 1076 frieze building university of michigan ann arbor , mi 48109-1285 usa telephone numbers : diana cresti : ( 734 ) 763-9172 steven dworkin : ( 734 ) 764-4381 teresa satterfield : ( 734 ) 647-2158 christina tortora : ( 734 ) 764-3725 fax : ( 734 ) 936-3406 e - mail : lsrl @ umich . edu webpage : http : / / www . umich . edu / ~ lsrl
  """",0
  2048,""""Subject: workshop on the history of linguistics
   
   einladung zu einem gemeinsamen seminar workshop / colloque de recherche universitt potsdam - universit stendhal ( grenoble 3 ) histoire des sciences du langage 30 . / 31 . 10 . 1998 universitt potsdam , universittskomplex golm , kleiner senatssaal , haus 14 programme / ablauf 30 . 10 : 9-10 . 15 : bernard colombat ( grenoble ) : la grammaire latine en france ( xvie - xviiie s . ) : thories et pdagogie 10 . 45-12 . 00 nathalie fournier ( grenoble ) : la grammaire du franais l ' ge classique 14 . 30-15 . 30 martine furno ( grenoble ) : lapparition du bilinguisme dans les dictionnaires latins au xvie sicle 16 . 00-17 . 00 cordula neis ( potsdam ) : le dbat sur l ' origine du langage l ' acadmie de berlin 17 . 00-18 . 00 gerda haler ( potsdam ) : langage et cognition au sicle des lumires 31 . 10 10-11 sabine schwarze ( halle ) : la rflexion sur la traduction au 18e sicle 11-12 bernard colombat ( grenoble ) : le projet dun corpus reprsentatif des grammaires et des traditions linguistiques 12-13 gerda haler ( potsdam ) : le projet d ' un dictionnaire des thories linguistiques du 17e et 18e sicle
  """",0
  2049,""""Subject: languaging 99 : a conference across literature , linguistics , and writing
   
   extended submission deadlines ! ! ! ! ! ! ! call for papers languaging 99 : a conference across literature , linguistics , and writing sponsored by the university of north texas and the gsea conference dates 4 - 6 march 1999 conference location university of north texas , denton , texas conference purpose languaging 99 offers a forum for scholars from the disciplines of linguistics , literature , and writing , as well as the related disciplines of anthropology , art , communication theory , cultural studies , film , history , music , philosophy , psychology , theater , etc . , to examine """""""" language """""""" and """""""" texts """""""" both within these disciplines and across these disciplines . submission deadlines u . s . mail : postmarked 25 october 1998 email : 1 november 1998 notification : 10 december 1998 submissions we encourage submissions that examine """""""" language """""""" and """""""" texts """""""" both within and across the following : - - literature - - linguistics - - writing ( includes rhetoric / composition , technical writing , creative writing ) - - related disciplines ( includes anthropology , art , communication theory , cultural studies , film , history , music , philosophy , psychology , theater ) we welcome submissions that deal with - - cognitive linguistics - - conceptual metaphor - - linguistic analysis of literature instructions for submitting please find complete instructions for submitting - - paper abstracts - - creative submissions - - symposia proposals at our website http : / / www . unt . edu / languaging we encourage submissions from graduate students as well as professional scholars . we cannot accept submissions by fax . we accept submissions via e-mail at linglit @ unt . edu or u . s . mail at languaging 99 university of north texas department of english p . o . box 311307 denton , tx 76203-1307 contacts for more information for more conference information , please write to languaging 99 university of north texas department of english p . o . box 311307 denton , tx 76203-1307 or direct your questions to linglit @ unt . edu visit our web site at www . unt . edu / languaging for updated information about - - plenary speakers - - conference registration - - travel and hotels
  """",0
  2050,""""Subject: logic and natural language semantics
   
   esslli-99 workshop : foundations of intensional logic and natural language semantics call for papers the main focus of the european summer schools in logic , language and information is the interface between linguistics , logic and computation . it is organized under the auspices of the european association for logic , language and information ( folli ) . foundational , introductory and advanced courses together with workshops cover a wide variety of topics within six areas of interest : logic , computation , language , logic and computation , computation and language , language and logic . previous summer schools have been highly successful , attracting around 500 students from europe and elsewhere . the school has developed into an important meeting place and forum for discussion for students and researchers interested in the interdisciplinary study of logic , language and information . esslli-99 will take place at the university of utrecht , the netherlands , august 9-20 . in its first week it will feature a worskshop on foundations of intensional logic and natural language semantics . its aim is to provide a forum for advanced ph . d . students and other researchers to present and discuss their work on the following issues . intensional logic lies at the heart of a montague - style natural language semantics . it involves a representation of properties , relations and propositions ( prps ) . in traditional montague grammar , prps are characterized in terms of possible worlds , and the logico-semantic paradoxes are avoided by using a russellian hierarchy of types . the problems with this traditional approach ( e . g . , logical omniscience and expressive limitations ) have led to the flourishing of more fine - grained notions of prp , and to type-free solutions to the paradoxes ( gupta and belnap , barwise and etchemendy , cocchiarella , bealer , asher and kamp , chierchia and turner , etc . ) . the new approaches have problems of their own and no new framework has become standard . this workshop thus will explore and compare well - known or newly proposed foundational approaches for an intensional logic that can serve the purposes of natural language semantics . if you are interested in presenting your research , please send a two page abstract to : francesco orilia orilia @ unimc . it dipartimento di filosofia e scienze umane ph . + 39 ( 0733 ) 258 305 universit = e0 di macerata fax + 39 ( 0733 ) 235 339 62100 macerata italy the submission deadline is : march 15 , 1999 . workshop speakers will pay a reduced essli-99 registration fee , which will entitle them to attend all other courses and workshops . it may be possible to allocate a sum of about 100 ecu to partially cover the expenses of each workshop speaker . there will soon be an esslli ' 99 web page at : http : / / esslli . let . uu . nl / .
  """",0
  2051,""""Subject: romance languages
   
   lsrl 29 second call for papers the xxix linguistic symposium on romance languages university of michigan april 8-11 , 1999 deadline for receipt of abstracts : december 15 , 1998 invited speakers : james harris ( mit ) esther torrego ( umass ) enric vallduvi ( universitat pompeu fabra ) dieter wanner ( osu ) ( parasession ; see below ) main session abstracts are invited for 20 - minute talks ( plus 10 minutes for discussion ) on any aspect of romance linguistics . authors are asked to send six ( 6 ) copies of an anonymous abstract and one additional copy with the author 's name and affiliation ( the latter will be reproduced in the meeting handbook if the paper is accepted for presentation ) . abstracts should be no more than two pages in length ( including examples and references ) , in 12 - point type . all margins should be at least one inch wide ( or 2 . 5 cm ) . please also include a legible 3 """""""" x 5 """""""" card with paper title , name of author ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , address , phone number , and e-mail address . to facilitate the review process , please indicate the primary area of linguistics addressed in the paper . those who wish to be considered for both the main session and the parasession ( see below ) should send two sets of materials ( please indicate main session / parasession ) . submissions are limited to a maximum of one individual and one joint abstract per author . e - mail submissions will be accepted , provided that a camera-ready hardcopy is received no later than december 24 , 1998 ( sorry , no faxes will be accepted ) . preference will be given to presentations not duplicated at other major conferences ( e . g . , lsa , nels , wccfl ) . authors are asked to indicate prior or planned presentations of their papers on the abstract submission card . notification : no later than february 2 , 1999 . parasession : new solutions to old problems : issues in romance historical linguistics organized by steven dworkin invited speaker : dieter wanner ( osu ) abstracts for twenty-minute papers are invited for a parasesison on the theme """""""" new solutions to old problems : issues in romance historical linguistics . """""""" this session seeks to explore how developments in such fields as grammaticalization , typology , sociolinguistics , language contact , formal theory , etc . may offer new insights into explaining changes that have ocurred in the development over time of the romance languages . papers should deal with specific changes in individual romance languages or with evolutionary trends in the romance family as a whole . papers that are in essence synchronic descriptions of attested older states of romance languages are not suitable for this parasession . abstract guidelines are the same as those for the main session . all submissions should be sent to : lsrl 29 organizing committee ( main session ) d . cresti , t . satterfield , & c . tortora program in linguistics 1076 frieze building university of michigan ann arbor , mi 48109-1285 usa lsrl 29 organizing committee ( parasession ) s . dworkin program in linguistics 1076 frieze building university of michigan ann arbor , mi 48109-1285 usa telephone numbers : diana cresti : ( 734 ) 763-9172 steven dworkin : ( 734 ) 764-4381 teresa satterfield : ( 734 ) 647-2158 christina tortora : ( 734 ) 764-3725 fax : ( 734 ) 936-3406 e - mail : lsrl @ umich . edu webpage : http : / / www . umich . edu / ~ lsrl
  """",0
  2052,""""Subject: avail for review : syntax , chomsky
   
   the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , ph . d . , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not include an electronic cv or a url linking to a personal homepage . these will be ignored . please also send a surface mail address for us to send the book to . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * syntax : esther torrego ( 1998 ) the dependencies of objects . mit press . this monograph investigates the nature , properties , and consequences of the grammatical constraints that yield overt marking of objects in a variety of languages . the author , working within the minimalist program , concentrates on the syntactic and semantic behaviors of a particular class of objects : objects morphologically marked by the dative preposition in romance languages , especially in several spanish dialects , with consideration of similar phenomena in other languages . noam chomsky - biography * * * special note : the reviewer for the following volume should be willing to review not only the book , but also the interactive web site associated with the book . the reviewer must therefore have web-reading software and knowledge of the www * * * robert f . barsky ( 1997 ) noam chomsky : a life of dissent . mit press cambridge . this biography describes the intellectual and political milieus that helped shape noam chomsky , a pivotal figure in contemporary linguistics , politics , cognitive psychology , and philosophy . it also presents an engaging polical history of the last several decades . the book highlights chomsky 's views on the uses and misuses of the university as an institution , his assessment of useful political engagement and his dobuts about postmodernism . because chomsky is given ample space to articulate his views on many of the major issues relating to his work , both linguistic and political , this book can also be seen as the autobiography that chomsky says he will never write .
  """",0
  2053,""""Subject: avail for review : syntax , prosody , semantics
   
   the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , ph . d . , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not include an electronic cv or a url linking to a personal homepage . these will be ignored . please also send a surface mail address for us to send the book to . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * syntax : klein , henny ( 1998 ) adverbs of degree in dutch and related languages . john benjamins syntax : bennis , pica & rooryck ( 1998 ) atomism and binding . foris publishers ( distributed by holland academic graphics ) syntax & prosody : zubizarreta , maria luisa ( 1998 ) prosody , focus , and word order . mit press : cambridge semantics bayer , samuel ( 1997 ) confessions of a lapsed neo - davidsonian . garland press . ny .
  """",0
  2054,""""Subject: computer assisted learning of french ( special edition of """""""" call """""""" )
   
   call for papers computer assisted learning of french guest editor : michael zock ( limsi , cnrs ) ( submission deadline : 10 march 98 ) the international journal call will devote a special issue to the research on computer assisted language learning of french . the goal of this special issue is to offer an acurate description of what has been achieved , both outside and inside france , and i invite you to submit research contributions representing original , previously unpublished work . scope papers are invited on any topic related to computer assisted language learning of french . though desirable , they do not need to report on implemented work : new research ideas are of paramount importance in this guest issue . topics could include : ( i ) the learning of low-level skills such as : * grammar * vocabulary * spelling * pronunciation ( ii ) the learning of higher level skills : * nl - generation or comprehension * discourse planning * composition ( making an outline ) * abstract creation , r \ 233sum \ 233s * machine - aided translation * cognitive issues ( iii ) development of computational tools : * grammar environment * writer 's workbench * spelling checkers * coherence checkers * on - line help to dictionaries * natural language interfaces * multimodal interfaces * navigation aids * hypertext tools format of submissions papers should be written in english ( this is the international language used in this journal ) and should not exceed 18 pages ( in a 12pt proportional font ) including figures and references . they should also include the author 's name , affiliation and address ( incl . phone number , e-mail address ) , as well as an abstract and key words , indicating which of the thematic areas best describe the content of the paper . electronic submissions in ms - word , or plain text format are also welcome ( please avoid latex ) . submission procedure three hard copy submissions should be sent to : michael zock limsi - cnrs , bp 133 f-91403 orsay , france email : zock @ limsi . fr submissions must be received no later than 10 march 1998 . all submissions will be thoroughly evaluated by at least two reviewers . acceptance will be based on originality , importance , technical soundness , clarity of exposition and relevance to the subject of the special issue . authors will be notified of the editorial decision by 31 march 1998 . important dates * deadline for submission : 10 march 1998 * notification of acceptance : 31 march 1998 * camera - ready copies : 30 april 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * michael zock langage & cognition phone : + ( 33 - 1 ) 69 85 80 24 limsi - cnrs fax : + ( 33 - 1 ) 69 85 80 88 91403 orsay / france e - mail : zock @ limsi . fr * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  2055,""""Subject: language resources & evaluation workshop
   
   workshop announcement and call for papers linguistic coreference workshop 26 may 1998 , morning session held in conjunction with the first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain ( 28-30 may 1998 ) workshop aims it is essential , for a natural language processing system , to instantiate each object , process , attribute , and property correctly , so that all references to the same item be recognized as such and an inventory of all distinct items be accurate at all times . this problem is far from being resolved . there are both linguistic and computational reasons for this deficiency . first , there is no satisfactory microtheory of linguistic coreference . secondly and consequently , there is no satisfactory application of such a microtheory to nlp . a microtheory of coreference in natural language includes in its scope all the phenomena that satisfy the following condition : an object / entity , an event , an attribute , a property or its value , an attitude , or any combination of the above is referred to more than once in a natural-language text , and the understanding of the text depends on the correct interpretation of the two or more referring expressions as designating the same object , event , etc . a linguistic microtheory of coreference for a language consists of the following elements : - a complete range of covered phenomena in the language ; - a taxonomy of the range ; - a typology of the range ; - a list of rules forming the various types of coreference ; - a list of rules interpreting the various types of coreference . there has been a considerable amount of work on a few selected types of coreference , focusing almost exclusively on object coreference . thus , significant work has been done in theoretical linguistics on anaphora and cataphora , subsuming , for the large part , earlier work on deixis . a small minority of authors have tried to extend their studies of anaphora beyond mere syntax . in the cognitive-linguistics and philosophy-of - language traditions , interesting work has been done relating anaphora and deixis to ambiguity resolution and discourse structure . at the same time , an effort in comparative-contrastive linguistics has led some writers to examining the data of more than one language at a time , still emphasizing entity or object reference . in computational linguistics , the problem of coreference took early on the form of pronoun antecedent resolution , and this particular task , somewhat broadened to include a few other types of anaphora , still remains in the center of the problem . the most sustained effort in the computational treatment of coreference has been mounted within the tipster / muc - 6 initiative . while it has been recognized since quite early in the game that coreference resolution is based in large part on world knowledge , most of the work done on the matter computationally and theoretically ignores and avoids world knowledge . the muc - 6 initiative makes such an orientation quite explicit : the work should be based on such simpler resources as part-of - speech tagging , simple noun phrase recognition , basic semantic category information like , gender , number , and [ to a limited extent ] full parse trees . such an approach - - trying to explore and maximize everything that can be done simply and cheaply towards the resolution of a complex program - - is perfectly legitimate as long as it is realized that a considerable part of the problem remains unsolved , and it is indeed realized fully well within the muc - 6 initiative . one persistent problem throughout the existing computational ventures into coreference has been the lack of a consistent theoretical approach to it . the result is that coreference phenomena are treated as self-obvious , and most of them are overlooked , especially if they are not explicit pronoun-antecedent or other equally evident anaphora cases . what is needed for a full , accurate , and reliable approach to coreference can be summarized , somewhat schematically , as involving the following steps : 1 . understanding fully the range of the phenomenon and of the rules that govern it ( theory ) ; 2 . determining the extent of machine-tractable information in the rules ; 3 . taking stock of all the rules that can be computed ; 4 . developing the appropriate heuristics for the computable rules ; 5 . computing the rules . workshop agenda the workshop will be held during the morning session of 26 may 1998 and will include a joint address by the organizing committee ( listed above ) , followed by 5 - 8 individual presentations in two 90-120 - minute blocks , with a break provided midway through . call for papers the workshop solicits papers addressing any one or more of the points addressed above as well as any other pertinent issues . papers based on a diversity of languages are encouraged , both one language at a time and , especially , comparative / contrastive studies . also strongly encouraged are papers which extend the study of coreference beyond entity / object reference , across document boundaries , and / or into non-text media . format for submission paper submissions should consist of an extended abstract of approximately 800 words , along with a brief description of the proposed presentation structure ( e . g . , paper , paper plus demo , etc . ) . each submission should include a separate title page , providing the following information : the title to be printed in the conference program ; names and affiliations of all authors ; the full address of the primary author ( or alternate contact person ) , including phone , fax , email ; and required audio-visual equipment . papers may be submitted by sending three hardcopies or one softcopy ( in tex , ascii , or post-script format ) to the appropriate address as listed below : dr . victor raskin chair , interdepartmental program in linguistics heavilon hall purdue university west lafayette , in 47907 usa vraskin @ purdue . edu submissions must be received no later than 1 march 1998 for a 15 march notification of paper acceptance . ( full versions of all accepted papers are requested no later than 15 april 1998 for inclusion in the conference proceedings . ) workshop organizing committee dr . sara j . shelton ( contact person ) us department of defense 9800 savage road , r525 ft meade , md 20755 usa sjshelt @ afterlife . ncsc . mil 301-688 - 0301 ( voice ) 301-688 - 0338 ( fax ) dr . eduard hovy information sciences institute university of southern california 4676 admirality way marina del rey , ca 90292-669 usa hovy @ isi . edu 310-822 - 1511 , ext . 731 ( voice ) dr . victor raskin interdepartmental program in linguistics heavilon hall purdue university west lafayette , in 47907 usa vraskin @ purdue . edu 765-494 - 3782 ( voice ) 765-494 - 3780 ( fax )
  """",0
  2056,""""Subject: avail for review : language acquisition
   
   the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , ph . d . , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not include an electronic cv or a url linking to a personal homepage . these will be ignored . please also send a surface mail address for us to send the book to . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * language acquisition : gopnik , alison and meltzoff andrew ( 1997 ) words , thoughts and theories . mit press , cambridge . this book articulates and defends the """""""" theory theory """""""" of cognitive and semantic development , the idea that infants and young children , like scientists , learn about the world by forming and revising theories - - a view of the origins of knowledge and meaning that has broad implications for cognitive science .
  """",0
  2057,""""Subject: book : corpus linguistics : an introduction to
   
   an introduction to corpus linguistics graeme kennedy , professor of applied linguistics at victoria university of wellington . pbk 0 582 23154 x hbk 0 582 23153 1 328 pages 1998 studies in language and linguistics series longman - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - this book provides a comprehensive introduction and guide to corpus linguistics . all aspects of the field are explored , from the various types of electronic corpora that are available to instructions on how to design and compile a corpus . graeme kennedy surveys the development of corpora for use in linguistic research , looking back to the pre-electronic age as well as to the massive growth of computer corpora in the electronic age . the study focuses primarily on corpus-based descriptions of english : lexis , morphology , syntax and variation . it includes a wide-ranging overview of the published research of corpus linguists to illustrate the results and potential of distributional analyses of english . the section on corpus analysis describes the methodology and procedures that are generally employed including lemmatization , tagging , parsing and the use of important search and retrieval software to produce word-lists , concordances and other analyses . the final section of the book discusses ways in which the corpus-based analysis of languages may contribute to linguistic theory , the description of languages , computational linguistics and language teaching . an introduction to corpus linguistics """""""" will appeal to all involved in the study of language , from english language teachers and students of linguistics to those already involved in research in this fast-growing field . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - further information on the books published in this series , and the table of contents for this title can be viewed at the longman linguistics on-line catalogue at : http : / / www . awl-he . com / linguistics for a complete listing of our world-wide offices , please click below : http : / / www . awl-he . com / offices
  """",0
  2058,""""Subject: student organisation of linguistics in europe
   
   call for participation * * * * * console 7 * * * * * the seventh conference of the student organisation of linguistics in europe will be held at the university of bergen 9-11 december 1998 with registration and reception in the evening of tuesday 8 december . in order to help us organize the conference , we will kindly ask participants to pre-register by november 15 . pre - registrations are welcomed either by e-mail , regular mail , or fax . please use the form below the program , and please indicate whether you will attend the party friday night . ( the party is included in the conference fee ! ) e - mail : registration @ ling . uib . no postal address : console 7 dept . of linguistics and comparative literature sydnesplass 7 n-5007 bergen norway fax : + 47-55 58 93 54 the conference fee is nok 180 , - for participants registered before november 15 , and nok 220 , - for participants registered after november 15 . the fee is to be paid upon arrival at the conference site , and covers the conference booklet and the conference proceedings as well as the reception tuesday evening , coffee and snacks during the conference , and the party friday night . further information including paper abstracts can be found at the conference web site : http : / / www . ling . uib . no / console - 7 / . any inquiries concerning the conference may be directed either to the local organizing committee < mailto : console7 @ ling . uib . no > or to the sole board < mailto : sole @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl > . local organizers : sole board : = d8ystein alexander vangsnes michael redford dagmar bendt tina cambier - langeveld inger marie berntzen anik = f3 lipt = e1k torodd kinn martha thunes * * * preliminary program * * * there may be changes ! tuesday 8 december at villaveien 9 17 . 00 - 19 . 00 registration and refreshments 19 . 00 welcoming address by vice rector of the university of bergen and professor of general linguistics kirsti koch christensen wednesday 9 december at sydneshaugen skole , auditorium a 9 . 00 - 9 . 15 opening and information 9 . 15 - 10 . 00 martyna macgregor , mcgill university , montreal , canada : syntactic and semantic operations within the aspectual structure of polish 10 . 00 - 10 . 45 penka stateva , university of connecticut , usa : focus features and movement in bulgarian 10 . 45 - 11 . 15 coffee 11 . 15 - 12 . 00 cornelia krause , the massachusetts institute of technology , usa : reduplication in bella coola - a base - ic problem 12 . 00 - 12 . 45 martin kr = e4mer , university of d = fcsseldorf , germany : a correspondence approach to vowel harmony and disharmony 12 . 45 - 14 . 15 lunch ( not included ) 14 . 15 - 15 . 00 adolfo aus = edn , university of connecticut , usa : towards a null theory of a - movement : the inverse case filter 15 . 00 - 15 . 45 bal = e1zs sur = e1nyi , e = f6tv = f6s lor = e1nd university , budapest , hungary : bare binding theory 15 . 45 - 16 . 00 break 16 . 00 - 16 . 45 kerstin hoge , st . hilda 's college , oxford , united kingdom : functional wh , wh - absorption , and yiddish superiority effects 16 . 45 - 17 . 15 coffee and snack 17 . 15 - 18 . 00 kleanthes k . grohmann , university of maryland , usa : left dislocated constructions and wh - extractions 18 . 00 - 18 . 45 ileana paul , mcgill university , montreal , canada : multiple movement in malagasy thursday 10 december at sydneshaugen skole , auditorium a 9 . 00 - 9 . 45 mark de vries , university of amsterdam , netherlands : extraposition of relative clauses as specifying coordination 9 . 45 - 10 . 30 ron artstein , rutgers university , new brunswick , usa : person , animacy , and null subjects 10 . 30 - 11 . 00 coffee 11 . 00 - 11 . 45 ildik = f3 t = f3th , tilburg university , netherlands : inflected infinitives in hungarian and the nature of agr 11 . 45 - 12 . 30 marit julien , university of troms = f8 , norway : the structure of complex words 12 . 30 - 14 . 00 lunch ( not included ) 14 . 00 - 14 . 45 marie - h = e9l = e8ne c = f4t = e9 , the massachusetts institute of technology , usa : syllable structure and domain-final strengthening : evidence from basque 14 . 45 - 15 . 30 julio cebrian , university of toronto , canada : ambisyllabic representation in a constraint - based analysis of catalan voicing and continuancy alternations 15 . 30 - 15 . 45 break 15 . 45 - 16 . 30 susanne gl = fcck and roland pfau , j . w . goethe university , frankfurt a . m . , germany : a distributed morphology account of verbal inflection in german sign language 16 . 30 - 17 . 00 coffee and snack 17 . 00 - 17 . 45 naomi harada , university of california , irvine , usa : where does a [ + n , + v ] category come from ? a note on the categorial feature specification of the lexical items 17 . 45 - 18 . 30 hiro hosoi , mcgill university , montreal , canada : event - binder in the aspp friday 11 december at sydneshaugen skole , auditorium a 9 . 00 - 9 . 45 ara shah and tanmoy bhattacharya , university college london , united kingdom : weak deixis and possession inside the dp 9 . 45 - 10 . 30 kalyanamalini sahoo and lars hellan , norwegian university of science and technology , trondheim , norway : multiple co - relativization in oriya 10 . 30 - 11 . 00 coffee 11 . 00 - 11 . 45 rashmi prasad , university of pennsylvania , philadelphia , usa : discourse constraints on zero pronouns in hindi 11 . 45 - 12 . 30 tanmoy bhattacharya , university college london , united kingdom : in search of the vague ' one ' 12 . 30 - 14 . 00 lunch ( not included ) 14 . 00 - 14 . 45 marjon helmantel , university of leiden / holland institute of generative linguistics , netherlands : on the relation between structural position and morphological case ; adpositions in german 14 . 45 - 15 . 30 tanja schmid , university of stuttgart , germany : west germanic """""""" infinitivus pro participio """""""" ( ipp ) constructions in optimality theory 15 . 30 - 16 . 00 coffee and snack 16 . 00 - 17 . 30 invited speaker : anders holmberg , university of troms = f8 , norway , and the massachusetts institute of technology , usa : basic word order at christies gate 18 20 . 00 conference party ! ! alternate papers : natalia s = e1nchez - lefebvre , ortega y gasset university institute , madrid , spain : french pure expletive constructions and move - f meltem kelepir , massachusetts institute of technology , usa : to be or not to be faithful dina brun , yale university , new haven , usa : the role of aspect in the acquisition of tense during the optional infinitive stage in russian - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - pre-registration form for console 7 university of bergen december 9-11 , 1998 name : affiliation : postal address : e - mail address : will attend the conference party friday night december 11 ( """""""" yes """""""" or """""""" no """""""" ) :
  """",0
  2059,""""Subject: speech acts / dialogue moves
   
   first call for papers amstelogue ' 99 amsterdam workshop on the semantics and pragmatics of dialogue may 7 - 9 , 1999 university of amsterdam invited speakers : hans kamp hannes rieser to be announced * * amstelogue ' 99 will be a sequel to the successful dialogue workshops mundial ' 97 ( muenchen ) and twendial ' 98 ( twente ) . like its predecessors , amstelogue ' 99 aims at bringing together researchers from different fields on the topic of semantics and pragmatics of dialogue . these fields include artificial intelligence , formal semantics / pragmatics and computational / applied linguistics . in order to increase the cohesion of the talks in the workshop , we put forward the over-all topic < i > speech acts / dialogue moves < / i > . the workshop will be organised around the following three themes : i formal semantics of dialogue this covers topics such as models of common ground / mutual belief , the semantics of goals , intentions and commitments in communication , treatment of dialogue moves in a formal semantic framework , the semantics of cross-speaker anaphora . ii dialogue systems this covers e . g . knowledge representation for multi-agent interaction , dialogue management in practical implementations , semantics and pragmatics of natural language in automated dialogue systems . iii dialogue analysis ( empirical ) this covers topics such as turn-taking , categorisation of dialogue moves or speech acts in real ( i . e . , non-constructed ) dialogues , aspects of institutional interaction , characteristics of multi-participant conversations , the role of nonlinguistic interaction in communication . - in order to increase the cohesion of the talks across the three themes , we put forward , in addition , the over-all topic speech acts / dialogue moves . * * the collected abstracts of the talks will be provided as workshop proceedings at the start of the workshop . we are negotiating a special issue of the journal of semantics for publishing a selection of the papers . * * related event : the day before the workshop , 6 may , will be occupied to the trindi - project workshop . further information will be made available via our website . procedure : anyone who is working on the semantics or pragmatics of dialogue is kindly invited to send us a 5 page abstract in latex or ascii ( talks will be 45 minutes ) on one of the above mentioned topics , or a related topic . please indicate for what theme you are opting . abstracts clearly relating to the over-all topic of speech acts will be preferred . deadline : 1 february 1999 send to : amstelog @ ai . hum . uva . nl * * organisation : noor van leusen , dept . of computational linguistics , u . v . a , noor @ ai . let . uva . nl robert van rooy , dept . of philosophy , u . v . a , vanrooy @ philo . uva . nl henk zeevat , dept . of computational linguistics , u . v . a , henk @ ai . let . uva . nl more information on website : http : / / earth . hum . uva . nl / ~ amstelog sponsors : dutch research school in logic dutch research foundation
  """",0
  2060,""""Subject: 6th int . workshop on parsing technologies : preliminary announcement
   
   p r e l i m i n a r y a n n o u n c e m e n t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ iwpt ' 99 sixth international workshop on parsing technologies sponsored by acl / sigparse 20-22 december 1999 trento , italy ~ ~ ~ the itc-irst ( institute for scientific and technological research ) in trento , in the north of italy , will host the sixth international workshop on parsing technologies ( iwpt ' 99 ) from 20 to 22 december , 1999 . iwpt ' 99 continues the tradition of biannual workshops on parsing technology organised by sigparse , the special interest group on parsing of the association for computational linguistics ( acl ) . this workshop series was initiated by masaru tomita in 1989 . the first workshop , in pittsburgh and hidden valley , was followed by workshops in cancun ( mexico ) 1991 ; tilburg & durbuy ( netherlands / belgium ) 1993 ; prague & karlovy vary ( czech republic ) 1995 , and boston / cambridge ( mass . ) 1997 . a ' call for papers ' for iwpt ' 99 will appear in the spring of 1999 . organization : general chair : harry bunt ( tilburg university , netherlands ) programme chair : john carroll ( university of sussex , uk ) local arrangements chair : alberto lavelli ( itc-irst , trento , italy ) more information will soon be available on the iwpt ' 99 home page http : / / ecate . itc . it : 1024 / iwpt99 . html
  """",0
  2061,""""Subject: historical ling , history of ling
   
   historical linguistics nostratic . sifting the evidence . joseph c . salmons and brian d . joseph ( eds ) 1998 vi , 293 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 142 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 597 4 price : us $ 75 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3646 1 price : nlg 150 . 00 the nostratic hypothesis positing a commonlingusitic ancestor for a wide range of language families including indo - european , uralic , and afro - asiatic has produced one of the most enduring and often intense controversies in linguistics . overwhelmingly , though , both supporters of the hypothesis and those who reject it have not dealt directly with one anothers arguments . this volume brings together selected representatives of both sides , as well as a number of agnostic historical linguists , with the aim of examining the evidence for this particular hypothesis in the context of distant genetic relationships generally . the volume contains discussions of variants of the nostratic hypothesis ( papers by a . bomhard , by j . greenberg , and one by a . manaster - ramer , k . baertsch , k . adams , & p . michalove ) , the mathematics of chance in determining the relationships posited for nostratic ( papers by r . oswalt and by d . ringe ) , and the evidence from particular branches posited in nostratic ( papers by l . campbell , by c . hodge , and by a . vovin ) with responses and additional discussion by e . hamp , b . vine , w . baxter and b . comrie . history of linguistics language and its functions . a historico-critical study of the pre-humanistic philology of bopp . translated by paul salmon , in consultation with anthony j . klijnsmit . pieter a . verburg1998 xxxiv , 534 pp . studies in the history of the language sciences , 84 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 621 0 price : $ 110 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 4572 x price : nlg 220 . 00 when pieter verburg ( 1905-1989 ) published taal en functionaliteit in 1952 , the work was received with admiration by linguistic scholars , though the number of those who could read the dutch text for themselves remained limited . the title alludes to the theories of linguistic function set out in 1936 by karl bhler , but verburg regards the three functions of discourse focusing respectively on the speaker , the person addressed and the matter discussed as no more than subfunctions of the human function of speech . his central concern is to explore the relationships between thought and language , and language and reality ; and the work sets out provide a historical analysis of views on these relationships in the period 1100-1800 . the great strength of the work lies in the way in which the views of language are related to contemporaneous moves in philosophy and science , contrasting essentially the mediaeval acceptance of authority , the beginnings of induction in the renaissance , the dependence of early rationalism on calculation based on axiomatic truths , and the further development of independent observation . all these trends are reflected in the way men thought about language , as well as in the way they used it . much has been written on the history of linguistics since this book was written , but it still offers a unique view of the development of thinking about language . john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com
  """",0
  2062,""""Subject: axiomatic linguistics
   
   james dickins extended axiomatic linguistics 1998 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xii , 493 pages cloth dm 198 , - / approx . us $ 124 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 016086 - 2 trends in linguistics . studies and monographs 111 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this volume presents the semiotic and linguistic theory of extended axiomatic functionalism , focusing on its application to linguistic description . the theory is compared with other approaches to semiotics and linguistics , and particularly with the standard version of axiomatic functionalism . an informal account is given of the twin basic components of the theory - the signum ontology and the system ontology . the former provides a set-theoretically based account of the network of relationships between the abstractions of linguistic theory ( at whose apex stands the signum ) , and the phonetic and semantic facts of speech events . the latter deals with the purely abstract level of analysis , and covers roughly the traditional areas of phonology and grammar . a set of postulates , constituting a formal statement of the theory , is provided in an appendix . it is shown that the signum ontology can provide adequate accounts - sometimes in conjunction with interfacing extra-theoretical models - of a range of phenomena from phonetics to pragmatics , including incomplete neutralization , imperfect synonymy , polysemy , idiom , and figures of speech ( particularly metaphor ) . the relationship between core-linguistics and psycholinguistics is considered , and an initial model is developed for the interface between extended axiomatic functionalism , as a sentence-linguistic theory , and text-linguistics . the issues dealt with in this book are not only relevant to extended axiomatic functionalism and indicative of its broad scope , but are also of current interest in linguistics generally ; the analyses proposed are considered in the context of existing analyses throughout . without disguising complexities , the book presents extended axiomatic functionalism in a clear and accessible manner . wide use is made of figures and cross-referencing , and detailed indices are provided . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de this and further publications can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
  """",0
  2063,""""Subject: logical aspects of computational linguistics ( lacl ' 98 )
   
   logical aspects of computational linguistics ( lacl ' 98 ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = aspects logiques de la linguistique informatique = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = coorganisateurs : loria ( nancy ) , universite pierre mendes - france ( grenoble ) , avec l ' appui de : inria rhone - alpes , xerox research centre europe , cnet , mairie de grenoble lieu : grenoble ( domaine universitaire , amphitheatre de la maison alpes des sciences de l ' homme ) dates : du 14 au 16 decembre site web : http : / / www-bshm . upmf-grenoble . fr / lacl98 / programme : = = = = = = = = = = = = monday , december 14 ( lundi 14 decembre ) 8 : 45 - 9 : 30 : welcome 9 : 30-10 : 20 : invited talk i maarten de rijke : inference and natural language semantics 10 : 20-10 : 35 : break 10 : 35-11 : 35 : session 1 : feature structures and constraints stephen j . hegner . ` computational management of partially specified type hierarchies for typed feature logics ' . christian wartena . ` grammars with composite storages ' . 11 : 35-11 : 50 : break 11 : 50-12 : 50 : session 2 : categorial grammar i marcelo finger . ` structurally free theorem proving and structure learning in categorial grammar ' . nissim francez . ` hypothetical reasoning and radical non-constituent coordination in categorial logic ' . 12 : 50-14 : 30 : lunch 14 : 30-15 : 30 : session 3 : semantics and logical forms joachim niehren , alexander koller . ` dominance constraints in context unification ' . wilfried meyer viol , ruth kempson . ` sequential construction of logical forms ' . 15 : 30-15 : 45 : break 15 : 45-16 : 45 : norihiro ogata . ` a revision system of circular objects and its applications to dynamic semantics of dialogues ' . zhaohui luo , paul callaghan . ` coercive subtyping and lexical semantics ' . 16 : 45-17 : 00 : break 17 : 00-17 : 30 : discussion tuesday , december 15 ( mardi 15 decembre ) 9 : 30-10 : 20 : invited talk ii makoto kanazawa title : not yet communicated 10 : 20-10 : 35 : break 10 : 35-11 : 35 : session 4 : constraints and semantics manuel bodirsky , alexander koller , joachim niehren . ` dominance constraints : complexity , algorithms , implementation ' . patrick blackburn , claire gardent . ` a description language for discourse semantics ' . 11 : 35-11 : 50 : break 11 : 50-12 : 50 : session 5 : categorial grammar ii > gerhard jaeger . ` anaphora and scope in categorial grammar ' . hans - joerg tiede . ` lambek calculus proofs and tree automata ' . 12 : 50-14 : 30 : lunch 14 : 30-15 : 30 : session 6 : minimalism and computation jens michaelis . ` derivational minimalism is mildly context-sensitive ' . marcus kracht . ` strictness and literal movement grammars ' . 15 : 30-15 : 45 : break 15 : 45-16 : 45 : alain lecomte . ` categorial minimalism ' . dirk heylen . ` aspects of a logical reconstruction of the computational system for human language ' . 16 : 45-17 : 00 : break 17 : 00-17 : 30 : discussion 20 : 00 : conference dinner wednesday , december 16 ( mercredi 16 decembre ) 9 : 30-10 : 20 : invited talk iii fernando pereira title : not yet communicated 10 : 20-10 : 35 : break 10 : 35-12 : 05 : session 7 : trees and tags aravind joshi , seth kulick , natasha kurtonina . ` lexicalized tree adjoining grammar : logical modelling ' . sylvain pogodalla . ` lexicalized proof-nets in pomset logic and tag ' . emiel krahmer , reinhard muskens . ` talking about trees and truth-conditions ' . 12 : 05-12 : 20 : break 12 : 20-12 : 50 : final discussion inscription - registration : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the registration fees for the conference are the following : before november 10 regular : 700 ff , student : 500 ff after november 10 regular : 900 ff , student : 700 ff both regular and student fees include the conference proceedings , the coffee breaks , the lunches , and the conference dinner ( december 15 ) . tickets for additional conference dinners ( for accompanying persons ) can be purchased at 150 ff . you may register by surface mail , fax , or e-mail . please fill in the enclosed registration form and send it to : ufr sciences de l ' homme et de la societe service comptabilite - lacl ' 98 1251 , avenue centrale , b . p . 47 f 38040 grenoble cedex9 france fax ( internat . ) : + 33 4 76 82 56 65 ( nat . ) : 04 76 82 56 65 e - mail : amelie . depaoli @ upmf-grenoble . fr payments payments are accepted in french francs only . the enclosed payment may be one of the following forms : order form from your institution ; cheque in french currency , drawn on a french bank , made to the order of """""""" agent comptable de l ' upmf """""""" > eurocheque in french currency , made to the order of """""""" agent comptable de l ' upmf """""""" ( add 50 frf for fees ) ; bank transfer to the order of """""""" agent comptable de l ' upmf """""""" ( with your name and lacl ' 98 ) at the bank """""""" tresorerie generale de l ' isere """""""" . the bank account number is 10071-38000 - 00003000140-46 . > registration form - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - please print name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . affiliation : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . address : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . zip code : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telephone : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fax : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e - mail : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please check the appropriate box : o regular fee 700 frf o student rate ( * ) 500 frf o late registration fee 900 frf o student ( * ) , late registration 700 frf o one additional ticket for the conference dinner 150 frf total amount : . . . frf ( * ) enclose a copy of your student card mode of payment : o order form o enclosed cheque ( if eurocheque , please add 50 frf ) o bank transfer ( * * ) ( * * ) enclose a copy of the transfer order . booking chose a category of hotel : o single room o double room o 2 stars ( around 300 frf ) o 3 stars ( around 500 frf ) date of arrival in grenoble : . . . . . . . . . . . date of departure : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . number of nights : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . if you are a vegetarian , please check the box o
  """",0
  2064,""""Subject: avail for review : adverbs , binding , events , objects
   
   the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , ph . d . , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not include an electronic cv or a url linking to a personal homepage . these will be ignored . please also send a surface mail address for us to send the book to . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * syntax : esther torrego ( 1998 ) the dependencies of objects . mit press . syntax : bennis et al ( 1997 ) atomism and binding . foris publications ( hag ) semantics : klein , henny ( 1997 ) adverbs of degree in dutch and related languages . john benjamins semantics : bayer , samuel ( 1997 ) confessions of a lapsed neodavidsonian . events and arguments in compositional semantics . garland .
  """",0
  2065,""""Subject: comparative linguistics at university or illinois
   
   7th annual workshop on comparative linguistics november 21-22 , 1998 at the university of illinois at urbana - champaign room 210 , illini union the reconstruction of culture speakers and topics include : hans henrich hock : """""""" use and misuse of linguistic prehistory : india and beyond """""""" frederick schwink : """""""" the reconstruction of ie gender as a reflection of culture """""""" mary niepokuj : """""""" ie poetics """""""" rex wallace : """""""" sabellian """""""" martha ratliff : """""""" vocabulary of environment and subsistence in proto - hmong - mien """""""" william baxter : """""""" evidence for early austronesian - chinese contact in china """""""" colleen reilly : """""""" gender and sexuality in anglo - saxon """""""" graham thurgood """""""" what proto - chamic reconstructions tells us about early chamic culture """""""" craig hilts """""""" vocabulary for flora and fauna of mixe - zoquean """""""" co - sponsored by : english , program in south asian and middle eastern studies , germanic languages and literatures , linguistics , classics , program in comparative literature . for information , contact frederick schwink < schwink @ uiuc . edu > dept . of germanic languages university of illinois at urbana - champaign 3072 flb 707 south mathews ave . urbana , il 61801
  """",0
  2066,""""Subject: deixis , demonstration , and deictic belief in multimedia context
   
   esslli - workshop on deixis , demonstration and deictic belief in multimedia contexts = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = workshop held in the section ' language and computation ' as part of the ' eleventh european summer school in logic , language and information ' esslli-99 august 9-20 , 1999 , utrecht , the netherlands first call for papers / participation organisers : elisabeth andr ' e ( dfki , univ . of saarbruecken ) massimo poesio ( cogsci / hcrc , univ . of edinburgh ) hannes rieser ( bielefeld univ . & sfb 360 ) questions concerning the workshop may be addressed to any of the organizers . background : deixis has always been at the heart of reference research as widely known literature in semantics and pragmatics ( h . h . clark , s . c . levinson , h . kamp , d . kaplan , w . v . quine ) demonstrates . being fundamental , it is in the common focus of several disciplines : cognitive science , linguistics , philosophical logics , ai , and psychology . until recently , little was known about the role of pointing and demonstration in deixis , especially about the coordination of speech and gesture in deictic contexts . the situation has now changed due to research in linguistics , ethnomethodology , vision , neuro-computation , gesture analysis , psychology , and computer simulation . at present , research is going on at various places , aimed at the integration of deixis information from e . g . the visual and the auditory channel . relevant topics in this new field are e . g . saliency , focus-monitoring , types of gestures and demonstrations , and especially the emergence and structure of composite signals but it also has intimate connections with problems of long standing such as grounding , mutuality or agents ' coordination in discourse . the workshop will integrate different methodologies , experimental paradigms , computer simulation including virtual reality approaches and formal modelling alike . it is addressed to master - students , phd - students and scholars working on philosophical , linguistic or computational aspects of deixis including gesture . the following publications might be of help to students looking for information concerning reference , deixis , gesture recognition and similar topics : clark , h . h . : 1995 , using language . cambridge : cup davis , st . ( ed . ) : 1991 , pragmatics . a reader . new york , oxford : oup . chs ii and iii levinson , st . c . : pragmatics . cambridge : cup . ch . 2 mcneill , d . : 1992 , hand and mind . univ . of chicago press recanati , f . : 1993 , direct reference . from language to thought . oxford uk & cambridge usa : blackwell wachsmuth , i . and froehlich , m . ( eds ) : 1998 , gesture and sign language in human - computer interaction . berlin , heidelberg : springer how the workhsop will be organised : the workshop will consist of ten sessions ( 90 min . each ) of presentation and discussion of contributed papers . it will take place during the esslli - summer school and will be open to all members of the lli - community . submissions : all researchers in the area , but especially ph . d . students and young researchers , are encouraged to submit a two-page abstract ( hard copy or e-mail ( plain ascii or ( la ) tex ) to the following address : pkuehnle @ lili . uni-bielefeld . de ( peter kuehnlein ) the deadline for submission of abstracts is february 15 , 1999 . notification of contributors will be given around april 15 , 1999 . contributors of selected papers will be asked to provide extended abstracts ( six pages ) in latex - format to be edited as esslli - workshop notes . the deadline for submission of extended abstracts is may 31 , 1999 . registration : workshop contributors will be required to register for esslli-99 , but they will be elligible for a reduced registration fee . summary of dates : feb 15 , 99 : deadline for submissions apr 15 , 99 : notification of acceptance may 31 , 99 : deadline for final copy aug 9 , 99 : start of workshop further information : to obtain further information about esslli-99 please visit the esslli-99 home page at http : / / esslli . let . uu . nl / addresses : elisabeth andr ' e ( dfki , univ . of saarbruecken ) : elisabeth . andre @ dfki . de massimo poesio ( cogsci / hcrc , univ . of edinburgh ) : poesio @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk hannes rieser ( bielefeld univ . & sfb 360 ) : rieser @ lili . uni-bielefeld . de
  """",0
  2067,""""Subject: computational linguistics
   
   we are pleased to announce the first call for papers for eacl ' 99 , to be held in bergen , norway from 8 through 12 june 1999 . the call ( text version below ) can be found at http : / / www . ltg . ed . ac . uk / eacl99 / call-for - papers . html the conference home page is at http : / / www . hit . uib . no / eacl99 / henry s . thompson , programme committee chair alex lascarides , programme commitee co-chair koenraad de smedt , local arrangements chair john nerbonne , eacl president - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - eacl ' 99 call for papers , demos / posters , student papers , tutorials and workshops _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9th conference of the european chapter of the association for computational linguistics 8 - - 12 june , 1998 university of bergen bergen , norway 1 . paper sessions 1 . 1 . topics of interest papers are invited on substantial , original , and unpublished research on all aspects of computational linguistics , including , but not limited to : pragmatics , discourse , semantics , syntax and the lexicon ; phonetics , phonology and morphology ; interpreting and generating spoken and written language ; linguistic , mathematical and psychological models of language ; language-oriented information retrieval and information extraction ; corpus-based language modeling ; machine translation and translation aids ; natural language interfaces and dialogue systems ; approaches to coordinating the linguistic with other modalities in multi-media systems ; message and narrative understanding systems . 1 . 2 . requirements papers should describe original work . they should emphasize completed work rather than intended work and they should indicate clearly the state of completion of the reported results . wherever appropriate , concrete evaluation results should be included . a paper accepted for presentation at the eacl meeting cannot be presented or have been presented at any other meeting with publicly available published proceedings . papers that are being submitted to other conferences must reflect this fact on the title page . 1 . 3 . format for submission authors should submit preliminary versions of their papers for review , not to exceed 3200 words ( exclusive of references ) . papers should be headed by a title page containing the paper id code ( see below ) , title , a short ( 5 line ) summary , up to five keywords specifying the subject area , the word count ( excluding figures and bibliography ) and a notice of multiple submission , if required . since reviewing will be ` blind ' , the title page of the paper should omit author names and addresses . furthermore , self-references that reveal the authors ' identity ( e . g . , """""""" we previously showed ( smith , 1991 ) . . . """""""" ) should be avoided . instead , use references of the form """""""" smith previously showed ( 1991 ) . . . """""""" care should be taken to avoid obvious giveaways in the bibliography such as listings for unpublished in-house technical reports . papers outside the specified length and / or without an id code are liable to rejection without review . to identify each paper , an id code must be acquired by filing an electronic paper registration form : on successful completion of this form an id code will be sent to the designated author by e-mail . to assist in the refereeing process , we would be very grateful if authors prepare a web-browsable ( e . g . html , postscript , pdf ) electronic version of their papers . we understand that this may not be possible in all cases , but request that it be prepared if at all possible . to preserve anonymity , do not include a pointer to this with your paper submission : we will request a url for your electronic version in the email acknowledgement of receipt message . also please note that we will not be downloading copies from this url , so it should remain valid through the refereeing process , i . e . until 10 march 1999 . be aware that the paper copy is the definitive copy , and changes should not be made to the electronic copy after submission on paper . we strongly recommend the use of acl - standard latex ( plus bibstyle and trivial example ) or word style files for the preparation of submissions . these styles include a place for the required information such as id code and word count , and allow for a graceful transition to the style required for publication . if you cannot use the acl - standard styles directly , a description of the required format is at http : / / www . ltg . ed . ac . uk / eacl99 / style / substyle . html . if you cannot access this web page , send email to eacl99 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk with subject substyle for an automatic reply . 1 . 4 . submission procedure four ( 4 ) paper copies of each paper ( printed on both sides of the page if possible ) should be submitted to the following address : eacl programme committee hcrc 2 buccleuch place edinburgh eh8 9lw scotland , uk enquiries to the programme committee by email at eacl99 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk , ( henry s . thompson , chair and alex lascarides , co - chair ) . 1 . 5 . schedule submissions must be received by 18 january 1999 . late submissions ( those arriving on or after 19 january 1999 ) will be returned unopened . acknowledgements will be emailed soon after receipt . notification of acceptance will be sent to authors ( by email ) on 10 march 1999 . camera - ready copies of final papers prepared in a double-column format , preferably using a laser printer , must be received by 19 april 1999 , along with a signed copyright release statement . detailed formatting guidelines will be provided to authors with their acceptance notice . the paper sessions , including student papers , will take place on 9 - - 11 june 1999 . 2 . poster and demo sessions the meeting will include a poster session and a demo session . posters should present work in progress , project status reports , unevaluated results or system summaries ( with or without demos ) . space for a1 posters is reserved at the session and there will be 2 pages in the proceedings allocated to describe the work shown in the poster . we also encourage the submission of software demos presenting system overviews . developers should outline the design of their system and provide sufficient details to allow the evaluation of its validity , quality , and relevance to computational linguistics . pointers to web sites running the demo preview will also be helpful . for both sessions , four ( 4 ) paper copies of a two ( 2 ) page abstract not exceeding 800 words ( exclusive of references ) should be submitted by 18 january 1999 to the posters / demos chair : giorgio satta universita di padova dipartimento di elettronica e informatica via gradenigo 6 / a 35131 padova italy phone : + 39 ( 0 ) 49 827-7831 fax : + 39 ( 0 ) 49 827-7826 email : satta @ dei . unipd . it both submissions should include the following information on the first page : paper title and author ( s ) ' name ( s ) ; address , telephone / fax numbers and email of contact author . submission type ( """""""" poster submission """""""" or """""""" demo submission """""""" ) must be clearly indicated on the first page . demo submissions should also clearly indicate if any computer equipment is expected to be provided by the local organizer . if so , please specify desired hardware platform , hard disk and memory capacity , operating system and other software needed in order to run the demo . also mention name and contact information of systems operations specialist . if you are bringing your own laptop , you should instead request a video projector if you need one , providing details about pc type , screen resolution , etc . 3 . student sessions there will again be special student sessions organized by a committee of eacl graduate student members . eacl student members are invited to submit short papers on any of the topics listed above . the papers will be reviewed by a committee of students and faculty members for presentation in workshop-style sessions and publication in a special section of the conference proceedings . there will be a separate call for papers available shortly . 4 . tutorials the meeting will include a programme of tutorials on tuesday june 8 , immediately preceding , and at the same venue as the conference . each tutorial should be well-focused so that its core content can be covered in a three hour slot ( including a half-hour break ) . in exceptional cases , 6 - hour tutorials are possible as well . proposals for tutorials should contain : * a title and brief description of the tutorial topic . * the names , postal addresses , phone numbers , and email addresses of the tutorial speakers , with brief cv . * any special support requirements ( e . g . pc , projector ) proposals should be submitted by electronic mail , in plain ascii text as soon as possible , but no later than 18 december 1998 to the tutorial coordinator : walter daelemans ilk computational linguistics tilburg university p . o . box 90153 nl-5000 le tilburg the netherlands phone : + 31 13 4663070 fax : + 31 13 4663110 email : walter . daelemans @ kub . nl approved tutorial speakers ' travel and accommodation expenses will be reimbursed provided a short tutorial abstract and full tutorial materials are received in good time for publicity and reproduction . details of the schedule for this will accompany notification of acceptance . for further details concerning tutorials , see the tutorials page at http : / / ilk . kub . nl / ~ walter / eacl / tutorials . html 5 . workshops as in other years , eacl ' 99 will be accompanied by a number of workshops . these will be held on june 12 , the day after the main conference . the acl has a policy on workshops . proposals must include a clear description of the workshop aims , a budget of the workshop expenses and expected sources of income , and an indication of the expected number of participants . please send your workshop proposals ( preferably electronically ) as soon as possible and in any case before 18 december 1998 to the workshop chair : gertjan van noord alfa - informatica rug po box 716 9700 as groningen the netherlands email : vannoord @ let . rug . nl for further details concerning workshops , see the workshops page at http : / / www . let . rug . nl / ~ vannoord / eacl99 / workshops . html 6 . venue and local organisation the conference will be held in bergen , norway from 8 through 12 june , 1999 . see the conference home page for local arrangements information . the local arrangements committee is chaired by koenraad de smedt . the local arrangements committee can be reached at : humanities information technologies university of bergen alligaten 27 5007 bergen norway phone : + 47 5558-8008 fax : + 47 5558-9470 email : eacl99 @ uib . no 7 . timetable 1998 18 dec workshop proposals due in groningen 18 dec tutorial proposals due in tilburg 25 dec decisions on workshops sent to workshop organisers 28 dec decision on tutorials sent to tutorial organisers 1999 18 jan submitted papers due in edinburgh 1 mar tutorial summary for brochure due in tilburg 10 mar decisions on programme sent to authors 19 apr final versions of papers due in edinburgh 1 may tutorial course material due in tilburg 5 may camera - ready copy of workshop proceedings due in groningen 8 jun tutorials 9 - - 11 jun paper sessions 12 jun workshops
  """",0
  2068,""""Subject: child language research forum call for papers
   
   * * * * * * * * call for papers * * * * * * * * 30 stanford child language research forum stanford university , april 9-11 , 1999 the 30th meeting of the child language research forum will be held on april 9-11 , 1999 , at stanford university . the organizing committee welcomes abstracts for papers and posters on any topic within first language acquisition , from specialization for speech sounds to uses of relative clauses , from politeness routines to clarification questions , from syntactic categories to narrative skills , or from semantic relations to subordinate clauses . we particularly welcome reports on crosslinguistic findings and comparisons among related languages ; on how language typologies affect the course of acquisition , and on similarities and differences among children in the acquisition of a single language . abstract submissions should include : - - - eight ( 8 ) copies of a one-page , double-spaced abstract of the paper or poster , preferably in 12 - point font or type , with a title . omit name and affiliation . - - - a 3 """""""" by 5 """""""" card with the title of the paper , the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliation , mailing address , and email address . indicate whether you are submitting a paper or a poster . ( the committee reserves the right to re-assign your submission . ) - - - a self-addressed , stamped postcard if you wish to be notified that your abstract has been received . abstracts should be postmarked by january 1 , 1999 . please mail early ! no late abstracts will be accepted . abstracts and any enquiries should be sent to : clrf-99 stanford university department of linguistics building 460 stanford , ca 94305-2150 , usa clrf @ csli . stanford . edu further information at : http : / / www-csli . stanford . edu / ~ clrf * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - gina v . wein , administrator department of linguistics stanford university stanford , ca 94305-2150 wein @ stanford . edu
  """",0
  2069,""""Subject: kentucky foreign lang . conf .
   
   call for papers : kentucky foreign language conference linguistics sessions the 51st annual kentucky foreign language conference will be held april 22-24 , 1999 , at the university of kentucky in lexington . the conference will include sessions devoted to all aspects of theoretical and descriptive linguistics , sociolinguistics , and applied linguistics . if you wish to present a paper in one of these sessions , send two copies of a one page abstract to prof . anna bosch , 1215 patterson office tower , university of kentucky , lexington , ky 40506-0027 . alternatively , send your abstract by email to : bosch @ pop . uky . edu . please include the following information with your abstract : name , affiliation , address , email address , daytime phone . the deadline for submission of abstracts is < bold > monday , november 16 , 1998 . < / bold > authors will be notified about the conference schedule in mid - december . web page : www . uky . edu / artssciences / kflc
  """",0
  2070,""""Subject: international conference on storytelling
   
   call for papers international conference on storytelling august 26-27 , 1999 brock university st . catharines , ontario , canada we welcome the submission of abstracts for 20-25 minute talks . papers accepted for presentation will be considered for a proceedings publication . submissions may take any perspective as long as they address , in some way , the issue of storytelling . specific areas of inquiry include , but are not limited to the following : * bilingualism * issues of audience * discourse analysis * language acquisition * ethnolinguistics * language change * first nations studies * literary studies of narratives * gender and language * power and language * grammaticalizations * semantic and conceptual structure the deadline for receiving abstracts is january 18 , 1999 . acceptance of your paper for presentation implies a commitment on your part to register and attend the conference . notification of acceptance will be sent out on march 1 , 1999 . send 3 copies of a 1 - page , 250 word abstract . include the title of the paper on the abstract but not names . please include a cover page with the following information : * author 's name ( s ) and affiliation ( s ) * mailing address * e-mail * fax number * title of presentation * three to five key words submissions by e-mail are also encouraged . abstracts should be sent to : international conference on storytelling c / o monica sanchez department of applied language studies brock university st . catharines , ontario l2s 3a1 canada or msanchez @ spartan . ac . brocku . ca note : only one individual and one joint abstract per author will be accepted . for further information , please contact monica sanchez at the above addresses or at the following fax ( 905 ) 688-1912 ( attn : monica sanchez , ics ) .
  """",0
  2071,""""Subject: south asian languages analysis roundtable
   
   call for papers the university of illinois at urbana - champaign , u . s . a . presents the 20th conference of the south asian languages analysis roundtable ( july 9-11 , 1999 ) sala 2000 : priorities and directions panels and individual papers are invited on topics related to south asian languages and linguistics . special categories of focus are : * discourse and conversational analysis ( i . e . , discourse markers , backchannels , prosody , language and media discourse , discourse and professions , registers and genres ) * pragmatics * south asian grammatical traditions * linguistic theory and south asian languages ( syntax , semantics , phonology , morphology ) * language acquisition * south asian languages in diaspora * teaching of south asian languages * language contact and linguistic convergence * general ( topics other than the above ) send three copies of panel / paper abstracts ( 250 words ) by mail or fax to : rajeshwari pandharipande , chair sala committee , department of linguistics university of illinois at urbana - champaign 4088 foreign languages building 707 south matthews avenue urbana , illinois-61801 , u . s . a . fax : 217-333 - 3466 / phone : 217-333 - 3563 e-mail : raj-pan @ uiuc . edu the deadline for submitting abstracts is january 1 , 1999 . at the top right corner of the page , identify the category ( from the above list ) of the topic of your paper . note : abstracts sent via e-mail will not be accepted .
  """",0
  2072,""""Subject: new book : lang acquisition
   
   lang acquisition lawrence erlbaum associates announces the publication of volumes 4 and 5 of the crosslinguistic study of language acquisition , edited by dan i . slobin . volume 4 contains chapters on three additional languages : finnish , greek , and korean , along with a typological overview of finno - ugric languages . these chapters follow the critical review format of previous volumes . special prepaid offer : $ 49 . 95 . contents : lisa dasinger : issues in the acquisition of estonian , finnish , and hungarian : a crosslinguistic comparison ; jorma toivainen : acquisition of finnish ; ursula stephany : acquisition of greek ; young - joo kim : acquisition of korean . 454pp . volume 5 : expanding the contexts , opens themes that have been touched on , anticipated , and promised in earlier volumes in the series . the contexts are expanded to include typological as well as particular and universal patterns of development , developmental relations between cognition and semantics , developmental relations between prosody and morphology , individual differences in a crosslinguistic framework , and the role of social-historical factors in the structuring of grammar . special prepaid offer : $ 45 . 00 . contents : dan i . slobin : the universal , the typological , and the particular in acquisition ; soonja choi : language - specific input and early semantic development : evidence from children learning korean ; ann m . peters : language typology , prosody , and the acquisition of grammatical morphemes ; elena v . m . lieven : variation in a crosslinguistic context ; dan i . slobin : the origins of grammaticizable notions : beyond the individual mind . 339pp . orders can be placed by e-mail as follows : from north america : orders @ erlbaum . com from europe : orders @ eurospan . co . uk from australia and new zealand : astam @ interconnect . com . au
  """",0
  2073,""""Subject: journal langues ( call ) - revue langues ( appel )
   
   appel a communications = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = la revue langues vient de publier son premier numro . le second sortira en dcembre 1998 . nous lanons maintenant un appel communications pour le troisime numro . c ' est une publication trimestrielle ( quatre numros par an ) . cette publication , principalement francophone et lance sous l ' gide de l ' aupel - uref , a pour but de favoriser le dialogue entre tous les individus qui travaillent avec ou sur la langue , chercheurs , enseignants de langue , etc . elle publiera donc des articles sur des sujets varis , relevant de toutes les disciplines ou sous-disciplines o la langue a sa place : linguistique ( phonologie , morphologie , lexicologie , syntaxe , smantique , pragmatique ) , socio-linguistique ( aspects sociaux et culturels de la pratique linguistique , variations linguistiques , crolistique ) , linguistique applique ( enseignement d ' une langue seconde , apprentissage de la lecture ) , psycholinguistique , ingnierie de la langue ( interprtation automatique , traduction automatique , dialogue homme-machine , gnration , parole , traitement de l ' information , gestion des corpus ) . cette liste n ' est pas limitative . la revue langues s ' accompagnera d ' un serveur web accessible en ligne o un ou plusieurs articles par numro de la revue seront disponibles , ainsi que certains services , annonces de colloques , tables des matires de revues , annonces de la publication d ' ouvrages ou de thses , etc . elle s ' accompagnera galement d ' une liste lectronique de discussion , principalement centre sur les articles parus dans la revue , mais permettant aussi l ' change sur d ' autres thmes . la soumission d ' articles en anglais est possible . les articles en anglais qui ont une double valuation positive seront traduits . appel a communication pour le n3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - les chercheurs travaillant dans les domaines mentionns plus haut ou dans des domaines connexes sont invits soumettre des articles de 20 pages ( 30 000 signes ) maximum sur le sujet de leur choix avant le 1 dcembre 1998 . les auteurs sont pris de respecter les instructions aux auteurs , disponibles sur le web l ' adresse http : / / www . john-libbey - eurotext . fr ou auprs de catherine lavau ( ( 33 ) 01 46 73 06 65 , fax : ( 33 ) 01 47 46 81 06 ou ( 33 ) 01 40 84 09 99 ) . les illustrations ou tableaux sont bienvenus . informations importantes - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - n3 taille des articles : 20 pages ( 30 000 signes ) format lectronique : word 6 ou infrieur ou ascii ( pour les autres formats , nous consulter ) date limite de rception des articles : 1 dcembre 1998 rponse : 31 dcembre 1998 articles dfinitifs fournir pour le : 31 janvier 1998 adresses lectroniques : < isabelle . blanchard @ loria . fr > adresse postale : isabelle blanchard revue langues loria-cnrs , bp 239 54506 vandoeuvre - les - nancy france tel : ( 33 ) 03 83 59 20 26 fax : ( 33 ) 03 83 41 30 79 la soumission lectronique de rsums ou d ' articles est possible aux adresses indiques ci-dessus . rdacteurs en chef : anne reboul , laurent romary - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the journal langues has just issued its first volume . the second one will be out in december 1998 . we are now calling for papers for the third issue . langues will issue four volumes a year . this publication , which will mainly publish papers in french and which is partly financed by aupelf-uref , aims to facilitate the dialogue between all the people who work on or with language , researchers , teachers of french , etc . it will thus publish papers on various subjects having to do with all the domains or disciplines related to language : linguistics ( phonology , morphology , lexical semantics , syntax , semantics , pragmatics ) , sociolinguistics ( social and cultural aspects of language and language use , linguistic variations , creole studies ) , applied linguistics ( teaching french as a second language , learning to read ) , psycholinguistics , language engineering ( automatic understanding , automatic translation , man-machine dialogue , production , speech analysis , information retrieval , corpus processing ) . this is not an exhaustive list . langues will be accompanied by an online web server where one or more paper ( s ) per volume will be accessible , as well as some services , conference announcements , tables of contents for other scientific journals , new publications , theses , etc . it will also be accompanied by an electronic mailing list , which will encourage discussions about papers published in the journal and will allow exchanges on other subjects as well . the submission of papers in english is possible . papers in english with two positive evaluations will be translated in french . call for papers n 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - papers of 20 pages ( 30 000 characters ) at most in the domains mentioned above or in related domains can be submitted before the 1rst of december 1998 . papers in french should respect the instructions to authors which are available on the web at http : / / www . john-libbey - eurotext . fr or which can be obtained through catherine lavau ( ( 33 ) 01 46 73 06 65 , fax : ( 33 ) 01 47 46 81 06 or ( 33 ) 01 40 84 09 99 ) . illustrations or schemas are welcome . main informations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - n3 papers size : 20 pages ( 30 000 characters ) electronic format : word 6 or lower , or ascii ( for other formats , please contact us ) deadline for paper reception : 1 december 1998 notification of acceptance : 31 december 1998 final version due on : 31 january 1999 email addresses : < isabelle . blanchard @ loria . fr > snail mail address : isabelle blanchard langues loria-cnrs bp 239 54506 vandoeuvre - les - nancy france tel : ( 33 ) 03 83 59 20 26 fax : ( 33 ) 03 83 41 30 79 submission of abstracts or papers by email is possible at the adresses indicated above . editors : anne reboul , laurent romary - - - - - - - - = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = bonhomme @ loria . fr | office : b . 228 http : / / www . loria . fr / ~ bonhomme | phone : 03 83 59 30 52 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * serveur silfide : http : / / www . loria . fr / projets / silfide * projet aquarelle : http : / / aqua . inria . fr = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
  """",0
  2074,""""Subject: workshop on dialogue and prosody
   
   call for papers you are invited to submit an abstract plus title to the esca tutorial and research workshop on dialogue and prosody eindhoven ( the netherlands ) , september 1 - 3 , 1999 http : / / www . tue . nl / ipo / sli / etrw . html introduction the ipo , center for research on user - system interaction in eindhoven ( the netherlands ) , in association with the eindhoven university of technology ( tue ) and the european speech communication association ( esca ) , is pleased to announce a 3 - day workshop on dialogue and prosody , which will take place in the eindhoven area in the week before eurospeech ` 99 . anyone dealing with theoretical , empirical , computational or experimental approaches to the interplay between dialogue and prosody is invited to submit an abstract . we specifically welcome those contributions of which the content is directly relevant for human-computer interaction . motivation now that spoken dialogue systems are becoming more sophisticated , increasing demands are placed on the way these systems deal with prosody , both in the generation of system utterances as in the processing of user utterances . on the one hand , appropriate prosody may facilitate the processing of system utterances by users of a dialogue system . on the other hand , dialogue systems may profit from taking into consideration prosodic information of user utterances at different levels of representation . however , for experts in the area of prosody it is not always easy to link their work to the developments in the domain of dialogue modelling , whereas researchers working in the area of dialogue modelling often are rather naive with respect to prosodic modelling . the goal of the workshop is bringing together researchers from both domains to provide either group with a better view of developments in the other domain and in this way stimulate progress . format the format of the workshop will consist of keynote presentations by experts in the field of dialogue and prosody modelling , combined with oral and poster presentations of accepted papers . all presentations will be plenary . all contributions to the workshop will be published in workshop proceedings , that will consist of 4 - page camera-ready papers . as an additional result of the workshop , the organizers intend to produce a working document that will contain an overview of the state-of - the-art , some open research questions , and position statements regarding the theme of dialogue and prosody . in order to maximize the possibilities for fruitful discussion , the number of participants will be limited to about a hundred . priority wil be given to persons with accepted papers on a first-come first-served basis . topics questions in this domain that could be addressed at the workshop are for instance : - which prosodic features of user utterances help the system to improve performance with respect to asr , speech understanding , and dialogue management ( turn-taking , back-channeling ) ? - how can those features be extracted automatically and be made available at the right time ? - with which prosodic features should system utterances be provided to help the user extract the information conveyed by the system , and to improve the fluency of the interaction ? - to what extent are prosodic characteristics of user utterances in their interactions with dialogue systems different from those in human-human interaction ? - how do we deal with prosodic variability in interactions between humans and machines , for instance due to level of expertise ( novices versus experts ) ? submission procedure researchers working in this domain are invited to email a 400 - words abstract ( plain ascii format ) , together with title , affiliation and keywords to diapro @ ipo . tue . nl if electronic submission is not possible , please send 5 copies of a 1 - page abstract to ipo , center for research on user - system interaction etrw on dialogue and prosody p . o . box 513 nl-5600 mb eindhoven ( the netherlands ) scientific committee gosta bruce ( sweden ) nick campbell ( japan ) carlos gussenhoven ( the netherlands ) julia hirschberg ( usa ) daniel hirst ( france ) merle horne ( sweden ) jill house ( uk ) stephen isard ( uk ) johanna moore ( uk ) elmar noeth ( germany ) anton nijholt ( the netherlands ) mari ostendorf ( usa ) thomas portele ( germany ) stephen pulman ( uk ) angelien sanderman ( the netherlands ) elizabeth shriberg ( usa ) david traum ( usa ) gert veldhuijzen van zanten ( the netherlands ) marilyn walker ( usa ) venue the etrw on dialogue and prosody will take place in the koningshof conference center , which is located in a rural setting in veldhoven , at close distance from eindhoven ( www . koningshof . nl ) . important dates january 15 , 1999 : deadline for submission of title and abstract march 1 , 1999 : notification of acceptance , instruction for authors , information on accommodation july 1 , 1999 : deadline for 4 - page camerady-ready paper , early registration september 1 - 3 , 1999 : etrw on dialogue and prosody further information for further information , please contact marc swerts ( swerts @ ipo . tue . nl ) or jacques terken ( terken @ ipo . tue . nl ) . updated information will also be available at http : / / www . tue . nl / ipo / sli / etrw . html
  """",0
  2075,""""Subject: current topics in constraint - based theories of germanic syntax ( 2 . cfp )
   
   abstracts due : 15 . february esslli-98 workshop on current topics in constraint-based theories of germanic syntax august 17 - 21 , 1998 a workshop held as part of the 10th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli-98 ) august 17 - 28 , 1998 , saarbrueken , germany * * second call for papers * * organizers : tibor kiss and detmar meurers ( ibm germany and univ . tuebingen ) web site : http : / / www . dcs . warwick . ac . uk / ~ esslli98 / workshops . html background : a number of approaches to germanic languages ( excluding english ) have been developed in constraint-based theories like hpsg and lfg . apart from the issue of empirical adequacy , formal issues were raised , among them : - the nature of complex predicates and the mechanisms used to formalize them - linearization versus movement analyses of various phenomena - the nature of functional projections - configurational and non-configurational properties of scope determination the idea of this workshop is to provide a forum to present and discuss current approaches exploring such empirical and formal issues of the syntax of germanic languages ( excluding english ) . focusing on germanic rather than on a particular syntactic theory is intended to allow for more inter-framework discussion . workshop format : the workshop will consist of five sessions , with two 30 + 10 - minute presentations in each session . submission : all researchers in the area , but especially ph . d . students and young researchers , are encouraged to submit an extended abstract of 2000-3000 words either as hardcopy or electronically ( postscript only ) . the accepted papers will be made available in a summer school reader . if sufficiently many high-quality papers are submitted , we intend to publish them in an edited volume . submissions should be sent before 15 . february 1998 to one of the following two organizers : tibor kiss detmar meurers ibm germany universitaet tuebingen vangerowstr . 18 seminar fuer sprachwissenschaft d-69115 heidelberg kleine wilhelmstr . 113 germany d-72074 tuebingen germany tibor @ heidelbg . ibm . com dm @ sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de registration : workshop contributors will be required to register for esslli-98 , but they will be eligible for a reduced registration fee . important dates : feb 15 , 98 : deadline for submissions apr 15 , 98 : notification of acceptance may 15 , 98 : deadline for final copy aug 17 , 98 : start of workshop further information : to obtain further information about esslli-98 please visit the esslli-98 home page at http : / / www . coli . uni-sb . de / esslli
  """",0
  2076,""""Subject: workshop on analogy
   
   workshop advances in analogy research : integration of theory and data from the cognitive , computational , and neural sciences sofia , july 17-20 , 1998 aims : this workshop is intended to stimulate the researchers in the field of analogy to cooperate more intensively and to integrate various approaches and data in their study . its aim is to advance our understanding of the cognitive mechanisms of analogy-making , i . e . how people notice / perceive analogies , how they retrieve analogs from memory or how they construct them , how they map and transfer knowledge from one domain to another , how they combine knowledge from multiple analogs or how they combine analogy with rule-based reasoning , how they generalize and learn from the analogies made , how they use analogies for problem solving , explanation , argumentation , creation . what is the place of analogy among the various cognitive processes , such as perception , thinking , memory , learning , etc . what is the role of analogy in human development ? which are the brain structures involved in analogy-making processes ? what kind of deficits do brain-damaged patients exhibit ? this workshop will be highly interdisciplinary and will make a serious attempt to integrate the knowledge researchers have accumulated on analogy-making in various domains : artificial intelligence / computational modeling , cognitive psychology , developmental psychology , neuropsychology , philosophy , cognitive linguistics , as well as various applications in education , legal and political reasoning , etc . a serious attempt will be made to integrate all the positive results obtained so far in theories of analogy-making , computational modeling , and experimental work . the workshop participants will participate in numerous formal and informal discussions which we hope will lead to systematization of the knowledge in the field , formulating established facts , open issues , and ideas for new approaches . format of the workshop : the workshop will consist of key talks ( 45 min ) ( see the list of key talks ) , short papers ( 20 min ) , poster presentations , round table thematic discussions , working group sessions , informal discussions , concluding discussions on ideas for future work and cooperative projects . pre - proceedings of the workshop ( containing all the accepted papers ) will be published in advance and distributed to the participants , so that we can focus on discussions and joint work at the workshop . submission instructions paper and poster submissions should be made both electronically ( in rtf format ) and in hard copy ( a4 or us letter ( 11 """""""" x 8 . 5 """""""" ) paper format ) following these instructions . papers should be no more than 8 pages long , poster abstracts - one page . the text should be formatted in two columns with an overall width of 14 cm and length of 20 cm , with 0 . 7 cm between the columns . use 10 point times roman with 11 point vertical spacing , unless otherwise specified . the title should be 14 point , bold , centered , 0 . 5 cm below the top margin . authors ' names should be in 11 point , bold , and centered ; authors ' affiliation , postal address , and e-mail address should be in ordinary 10 point , centered . first - level headings should be 12 point , bold , initial caps , and centered . second - level headings should be 11 point , initial caps , bold , and flush left . third - level headings should be 10 point , bold , initial caps , and flush left . use standard apa citation format , e . g . ( mcclelland & rumelhart , 1981 ) . send your submissions electronically to analogy @ cogs . nbu . acad . bg and my regular mail to : boicho kokinov - analogy ' 98 cognitive science department new bulgarian university 21 , montevideo str . sofia 1635 , bulgaria timetable deadline for workshop registration - march 1st , 1998 deadline for submission of papers - march 1st , 1998 deadline for poster abstracts - march 20th , 1998 notification of acceptance - april 15th , 1998 invited participants ' deadline for papers - june 1st , 1998 publication of the workshop proceedings - june 30th , 1998 workshop - july 17-20 , 1998 , ( arrival 16th , departure 21st ) participants and funding participation in the workshop is mainly by invitation to ensure high quality and balance of representatives of various schools of thought , of various disciplines , of various countries and continents . the organizers hope that all these schools and geographic regions will be represented . the following list of invitees is provisional and open for additions . the workshop is , however , open to other participants as well , up to the upper limit of 50 participants . the organizers are looking for some funding which would allow us to support some of the participants for their participation in the workshop . however , as this is still uncertain , we would like to kindly ask the potential participants to look for their own funding sources and to try to ensure their participation in advance . co - events the workshop will take place during the 5th international summer school in cognitive science ( july 13-25 , 1998 ) which will offer an opportunity to have external critics and advisors from well known researchers working in other areas of cognitive science . location sofia is an old city first established by the thracians about 4000bc . there are still some ruins from the old roman time city . the national history museum holds some fascinating gold treasures from thracian times . there is a small church with frescos from the 12th century painted in a realistic renaissance style a long time before the renaissance in europe started . not very far from sofia is the beautiful rila monastery as well as some old towns like plovdiv ( with an old town part and a roman amphitheater ) and koprivstitza . you may also want to combine your trip with a holyday at the black sea side . organizing committee : dedre gentner ( northwestern univ . , usa ) gentner @ nwu . edu - co - director keith holyoak ( univ . of california at los angeles , usa ) holyoak @ lifesci . ucla . edu edu - co - director boicho kokinov ( new bunlgarian univ . , bulgaria ) kokinov @ cogs . nbu . acad . bg edu - co - director robert french ( univ . of liege , belgium ) rfrench @ ulg . ac . be erica melis ( univ . of saarland , germany ) melis @ cs . uni-sb . de list of key talks umberto eco - ( not confirmed yet ) douglas hofstadter - analogy as the core of cognition keith holyoak - the place of analogy in a physical symbol system dedre gentner - comparison and cognition gilles fauconnier - analogy and conceptual integration jaime carbonell - analogy in problem solving , from the routine to the creative boicho kokinov - analogy is like cognition : complex , emergent , context - sensitive mark keane - why conceptual combination is seldom analogy david premack - analogies in chimpanzees andy meltzoff - the origins and early development of analogy in the preverbal period usha goswami - analogical reasoning in children graeme halford - the problem of structural complexity in cognitive processes : a metric based on representational rank ken forbus - qualitative mental models : simulations or memories ? paul thagard - emotional analogies james hampton - analogy is like categorization : thoughts on the role of conceptual structure in analogical reasoning adam biela - analogical resoning as a base for structuring cognitive schemata in new situations : a case of economic transformation in post - communist countries list of invited participants ron ferguson ( northwestern university , usa ) ferguson @ ils . nwu . edu ken kurtz ( northwestern university , usa ) kjk @ nwu . edu arthur markman ( columbia university , usa ) markman @ paradox . psych . columbia . edu john hummel ( ucla , usa ) jhummel @ lifesci . ucla . edu richard catrambone ( georgia institute of technology , usa ) rc7 @ prism . gatech . edu charles wharton ( national institutes of health , usa ) wharton @ codon . nih . gov barbara spellman ( u . of virginia , usa ) spellman @ psyvax . psy . utexas . edu laura novick ( vanderbilt university , usa ) novicklr @ ctrvax . vanderbilt . edu mary jo rattermann ( hampshire , usa ) mratter1 @ swarthmore . edu judy deloache ( u . of illinois , usa ) jdeloach @ [ s . psych . ] uiuc . edu manuela veloso ( cmu , usa ) mmv @ cs . cmu . edu david leake ( indiana university , usa ) leake @ cs . indiana . edu robert goldstone ( indiana university , usa ) rgoldsto @ ucs . indiana . edu jim marshall ( indiana university , usa ) marshall @ cogsci . indiana . edu brian bowdle ( indiana university , usa ) bbowdle @ indiana . edu melanie mitchell ( santa fe institute , usa ) mm @ santafe . edu miriam bassok ( u . of washington , usa ) mbassok @ u . washington . edu roger thompson ( franklin & marshall college , lancaster , pa , usa ) r _ thompson @ acad . fandm . edu nancy nersessian ( georgia tech , usa ) nancyn @ cc . gatech . edu john clement ( university of massachusets , ma , usa ) jclement @ educ . umass . edu eve sweetser ( uc berkeley , usa ) sweetser @ cogsci . berkeley . edu adele goldberg ( ucsd , usa ) aegoldberg @ ucsd . edu lokendra shastri ( uc berkeley , usa ) schastri @ icsi . berkeley . edu thomas ward ( texas a&m university , usa ) tbw @ psyc . tamu . edu ronald finke ( texas a&m university , usa ) raf @ psyc . tamu . edu jim herriot ( sun , usa ) jim . herriot @ eng . sun . com cameron shelley ( u . of waterloo , canada ) cpshelle @ watarts . uwaterloo . ca bipin indurkhya ( tokyo university of agriculture and technology , japan ) bipin @ cc . tuat . ac . jp hiroaki suzuki ( aoyama gakuin university , japan ) susan @ ri . aoyama . ac . jp tony plate ( victoria u of wellington , new zealand ) tony . plate @ mcs . vuw . ac . nz pentti kanerva ( sics , sweden ) kanerva @ sics . se robert french ( university of liege , belgium ) rfrench @ ulg . ac . be john a barnden ( university of birmingham , uk ) < j . a . barnden @ cs . bham . ac . uk > michael ramscar ( university of edinburgh , uk ) michael @ aisb . ed . ac . uk bruce burns ( u . of potsdam , germany ) burns @ persius . rz . uni-potsdam . de friedrich wilkening ( u . of tuebingen , germany ) wilk @ mailserv . zdv . uni-tuebingen . de friedrich . wilkening @ uni-tuebingen . de michael waldmann ( max - planck institute of psychological research in munich , germany ) waldmann @ mpipf-muenchen . mpg . de meredith gattis ( max - planck institute of psychological research in munich , germany ) gattis @ mpipf-muenchen . mpg . de erica melis ( univ . of saarland , germany ) melis @ cs . uni-sb . de cristina cacciari ( university of bologna , italy ) cacciari @ psibo . unibo . it stella vosniadou ( university of athens , greece ) svosniad @ atlas . uoa . ariadne-t . gr merry bullock ( university of vilnus , estonia ) mxb . apa @ email . apa . org , merry @ vm . ee maciej haman ( university of warsaw , poland ) meh @ sci . psych . uw . edu . pl dan simon ( haifa university , israel ) dsimon @ research . haifa . ac . il
  """",0
  2077,""""Subject: slavic linguistics
   
   fasl8 8th annual workshop on formal approaches to slavic linguistics hosted by the institute for research in cognitive science , university of pennsylvania 3401 walnut street , suite 400a philadelphia , pa 19104 21 - 23 may , 1999 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * general session 22 - 23 may , 1999 ( saturday and sunday ) abstracts are invited for 20 - minute presentations on topics dealing with formal aspects of any area of theoretical slavic linguistics ( synchronic or diachronic ) : - syntax - morphology - semantics - phonology - discourse analysis - sociolinguistics special session : slavic linguistics in cognitive science 21 may , 1999 ( friday ) abstracts are invited for 20 - minute presentations on topics dealing with formal cognitive approaches to slavic languages : - psycholinguistics - acquisition - computational linguistics - neurolinguistics presentations will be followed by a 10 - minute discussion period . guest speakers anthony kroch ( university of pennsylvania ) and caroline heycock ( university of edinburgh ) greville corbett ( university of surrey ) draga zec ( cornell university ) abstract deadline - - february 19 , 1999 how to submit abstracts the preferred method is by email . these should be addressed to < fasl8 @ linc . cis . upenn . edu > please use plain text if possible , and use the subject header : """""""" abstract """""""" abstract text should be no longer than 500 words . at the top of the abstract , please include the names and affiliations of all the authors , and the email of the author who will handle correspondence . also iindicate the primary area of linguistics addressed , e . g . , syntax , acquisition etc . please leave several blank lines between this information and the abstract proper ( title and text ) , to facilitate anonymous review . the dispreffered method is by regular mail . send 6 copies of a 500 - word abstract to the postal address below . please include one 3x5 card with : - title of paper - your name - address and affiliation - telephone and / or fax numbers - email address mail to : fasl8 committee the institute for research in cognitive science 3401 walnut street , suite 400a university of pennsylvania philadelphia , pa 19104 persons interested in attending fasl8 are invited to register their email and / or mailing addresses at the conference address above . on - campus accomodations will be provided by the upenn housing services in a high rise residence . conference participants will be assigned to private bedrooms in firnished units that contain either two , three , or four bedrooms and a shared bathroom . a limited number of private units are available . the current rate for each unit is $ 37 . 50 per day . those interested in reserving a room , should send their request to the fasl8 organizing committee at the address above . address for correspondence : < fasl8 @ linc . cis . upenn . edu > additional information will be available later at the fasl8 web site : < http : / / www . cis . upenn . edu / ~ fasl8 >
  """",0
  2078,""""Subject: general and theoretical linguistics
   
   call for papers the berkeley linguistics society is pleased to announce its twenty - fifth annual meeting , to be held february 13-15 , 1999 . the conference will consist of a general session and a parasession on saturday and sunday , followed by a special session on monday . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * general session : the general session will cover all areas of general linguistic interest . invited speakers carol fowler , haskins laboratories , univ . of connecticut , yale univ . stephen levinson , max planck institut fr psycholinguistik , nijmegen bjrn lindblom , univ . of stockholm and univ . of texas , austin alec marantz , massachusetts institute of technology * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * parasession : loan word phenomena the parasession invites papers on loan word phenomena from various theoretical , historical , sociolinguistic , and typological perspectives , as well as descriptive works and field reports . areas of interest include stratification of the lexicon and loan word 's ubgrammars ' , re-lexification , the role of orthography , markedness effects , second-language acquisition , child language , bilingualism and code-switching , etc . invited speakers ellen broselow , state university of new york , stony brook garland cannon , texas a&m university junko ito & armin mester , university of california , santa cruz * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * special session : issues in caucasian , dravidian and turkic linguistics the special session will feature research on caucasian , dravidian and turkic languages . papers addressing both diachronic and synchronic issues are welcome . potential topics include theoretical and descriptive accounts of structural features , writing systems and transcription problems , language reform , and the reconstruction of the respective proto - languages , including the question of altaic linguistic unity . invited speakers lars johanson , universitt mainz k . p . mohanan , national university of singapore johanna nichols , university of california , berkeley * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * we encourage proposals from diverse theoretical frameworks and welcome papers from related disciplines , such as anthropology , cognitive science , computer science , literature , philosophy , and psychology . papers presented at the conference will be published in the society 's proceedings , and authors who present papers agree to provide camera-ready copy ( not to exceed 12 pages ) by may 15 , 1999 . presentations will be allotted 20 minutes with 10 minutes for questions . we ask that you make your abstract as specific as possible , including a statement of your topic or problem , your approach , and your conclusions . please send 10 copies of an anonymous one-page ( 8 1 / 2 """""""" x 11 """""""" , unreduced ) abstract . a second page , or reverse side of the single page , may be used for data and references only . along with the abstract send a 3 """""""" x5 """""""" card listing : ( 1 ) paper title , ( 2 ) session ( general , parasession , or special ) , ( 3 ) for general session abstracts only , subfield , viz . , discourse analysis , historical linguistics , morphology , philosophy and methodology of linguistics , phonetics , phonology , pragmatics , psycholinguistics , semantics , sociolinguistics , or syntax , ( 4 ) name ( s ) of author ( s ) , ( 5 ) affiliation ( s ) of author ( s ) , ( 6 ) address to which notification of acceptance or rejection should be mailed ( in november 1998 ) , ( 7 ) author 's office and home phone numbers , ( 8 ) author 's e-mail address , if available . an author may submit at most one single and one joint abstract . in case of joint authorship , one address should be designated for communication with bls . send abstracts to : bls 25 abstracts committee , 1203 dwinelle hall , university of california , berkeley , ca 94720 . abstracts must be received by 4 : 00 p . m . , november 2 , 1998 . we may be contacted by e-mail at bls @ socrates . berkeley . edu . electronic abstract submission : via e-mail . only those abstracts written in english ascii will be accepted . please do not send attachments . electronic submissions may be sent to bls @ socrates . berkeley . edu . more information on e-mail submission and additional guidelines for abstracts can be found at our web site http : / / www . linguistics . berkeley . edu / bls / . we will not accept faxed abstracts . registration fees : before february 5 , 1999 ; $ 15 for students , $ 30 for non-students ; after february 5 , 1999 ; $ 20 for students , $ 35 for non-students .
  """",0
  2079,""""Subject: nominal expressions
   
   first announcement and call for papers ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ esslli-99 workshop on the generation of nominal expressions university of utrecht , the netherlands 9-13 august 1999 context : the workshop will take place in association with the 11th european summer school """""""" logic linguistics and information """""""" ( esslli ) , to be held in utrecht , the netherlands , from 9-20 august 1999 . the format of the workshop is 5 x 90 minutes on the 5 consecutive days of 9 to 13 august 1999 . the esslli summer school is organized under the auspices of the european association for logic , language and information ( folli ) . previous esslli summer schools have been highly successful , attracting around 500 students from europe and elsewhere . the school has developed into an important meeting place and forum for discussion for students and researchers interested in the interdisciplinary study of logic , language and information . for more information see http : / / esslli . let . uu . nl . workshop description : if someone attempted to assess the ` state of the art ' of linguistic research on nominal expressions by looking at how present-day programs generate nominals , he or she would no doubt underestimate gravely the level of sophistication of theoretical work on nominals . it can be argued that this is because existing work on the computational generation of nominals has limited itself to relatively simple nominals , often focussing on simple ( singular ) definite descriptions and pronouns . alternatively , it might be contended that much of the theoretical work in this area is not mature enough to be appicable in generation . be this as it may , work on the generation of nominals has not profited much from theoretical research in formal semantics and psycholinguistics on the meaning , interpretation and production of nominal expressions . this workshop will try to bridge the gap between theory and practice in this area by focusing on the generation of nominal expressions of different linguistic types including , for example , indefinite and quantificational nps ( of different monotonicity types ) . the theme of the workshop is closely related to that of a number of ongoing research projects , including the gnome ( ` generation of nominal expressions ' ) project , in which the itri ( brighton ) and hcrc ( edinburgh / durham ) collaborate , and which is funded by the epsrc in the united kingdom . topics for which submissions are invited include : ( 1 ) the influence of discourse context on the appropriateness and interpretation of a nominal expression ( 2 ) descriptive issues concerning the treatment of plurality , bridging , aggregation , eventualities , reference to text , cross-modal reference , etc . ( 3 ) representational issues ( i . e . , what kind of meaning representations should form the input to the generation algorithm ? ) ( 4 ) reversibility of grammars ( 5 ) differences in textual style or ` genre ' ( 6 ) psycholinguistic research relevant to computational natural language generation ( nlg ) ( 7 ) corpus - based work leading to insights relevant for computational nlg ( 8 ) issues of system / algorithm evaluation . practical issues : we welcome short ( i . e . , roughly 1000-1500 words ) electronic submissions ( send email to rodger . kibble @ itri . brighton . ac . uk ) on the theme of the workshop . submissions should be in postscript or plain ascii . please include """""""" esslli99 """""""" in the subject line of your message to make things easy for us . in accordance with the description of the workshop description , we encourage submissions about theoretical ( e . g . , formal semantic or psycholinguistic ) , applied , or corpus-based work , as long as the work is clearly relevant for nlg programs . no matter what they consider the main focus of their work , we ask authors to * stress relevance for nlg * in their submission ( and , later , in their presentation ) . this will ensure that all contributions will contain a common ` core ' , notwithstanding their differences in perspective . it is esslli 's practice to make sure that workshops go ahead only if there turns out to be a sufficient level of interest , based on quantity and quality of submissions . workshop speakers are required to register for the summer school ; however , workshop speakers will be able to register at a reduced rate to be determined by the organizing committee . limited funds are available to contribute to speakers ' expenses in exceptional circumstances . important dates : - first call for papers : 22 october 1998 - deadline for submissions of abstracts : 1 march 1999 - notification of acceptance : 1 may 1999 - workshop to be held : august 9-13 for any questions , please contact the organizers or consult our web page at < http : / / www . itri . brighton . ac . uk / projects / gnome / esslli99 . html > which will shortly be available . rodger kibble & kees van deemter information technology research institute ( itri ) university of brighton lewes road , watts building brighton bn2 4gj united kingdom email : rodger . kibble @ itri . brighton . ac . uk kees . van . deemter @ itri . brighton . ac . uk fax : + 44 1273 642908
  """",0
  2080,""""Subject: language and culture
   
   call for papers s a l s a the symposium about language and society - austin is pleased to announce its seventh annual meeting to be held april 9-11 , 1999 at the university of texas at austin . we encourage the submission of abstracts on research that addresses the relationship of language to culture and society . desired frameworks include but are not limited to : linguistic anthropology sociolinguistics ethnography of communication speech play , verbal art , and poetics political economy of language 1999 keynote speakers jill brody louisiana state university charles goodwin university of california , los angeles marjorie harness goodwin university of california , los angeles elizabeth keating university of texas at austin selected papers delivered at the conference will be published as a special edition of the texas linguistic forum . speakers will be allowed 20 minutes for presentation and 10 minutes for discussion . papers will be selected based on the evaluation of an anonymous written abstract which may not exceed one page ( using 10 pt . font or larger ) . please submit : 1 ) six ( 6 ) copies of the abstract , on 81 / 2 x 11 paper , to the address below . 2 ) a 3x5 card with the following information : a ) the title of the paper b ) author 's name c ) author 's affiliation d ) address , phone number , and email address at which the author wishes to be notified . 3 ) a short 100 word abstract , on a 3 . 5 """""""" disk ( mac or pc ) , for publication in the conference program . texts must be word-processed in text-only ascii or microsoft word ( mac or pc ) . please label your disk clearly . see the salsa web page for more details : http : \ \ www . dla . utexas . edu \ depts \ anthro \ projects \ salsa deadline for receipt of abstracts is january 15 , 1999 . late submissions will not be accepted , and we cannot accept papers which are to be published elsewhere . notification of acceptance or rejection will be sent in mid - february , 1999 . registration fees will be approximately $ 20 for students and $ 35 for non-students . papers must be received by early june , 1999 to be included in the published proceedings . send all correspondence to : salsa department of linguistics university of texas at austin austin , tx 78712 email : salsa @ ccwf . cc . utexas . edu anastasia coles amanda doran nisha merchant goss salsa vii co - chairs salsa @ ccwf . cc . utexas . edu
  """",0
  2081,""""Subject: terminology and knowledge engineering
   
   last call for papers ( deadline for submissions : 30 november 1998 ) 5th international congress on terminology and knowledge engineering tke 99 innsbruck ( austria ) 23-27 august 1999 organized by association for terminology and knowledge transfer ( gtw ) international information centre for terminology ( infoterm ) international network for terminology ( termnet ) http : / / gtw-org . uibk . ac . at / tke . html general considerations on behalf of the association for terminology and knowledge transfer - gesellschaft fr terminologie und wissenstransfer ( gtw ) - we are pleased to announce the 5th international congress on terminology and knowledge engineering tke ' 99 which will be held on the campus of the university of innsbruck , austria , between 23-27 august , 1999 . in continuation of the first four tke congresses in trier ( 1987 and 1990 ) , cologne ( 1993 ) and vienna ( 1996 ) , tke ' 99 will address world-wide interests in the interdisciplinary methods of terminology science , information science , computer science . it should furthermore help achieve the """""""" universal availability of information and knowledge """""""" via computerized methods , multimedia content-oriented net applications and other tools , open new horizons for more efficient applications based upon this integration of methodologies and elicit the interest and participation of experts working in the fields that are gradually drawing nearer from the point of theory and methodology such as * knowledge engineering * language engineering * computational philosophy * classification theory * information & documentation * computer - assisted instruction / learning * computerised terminography * specialized translation * technical writing * culture - related aspects of terminology tke ' 99 will address world-wide interests in the interdisciplinary methods of terminology studies , information science and computer science . it will help achieve the """""""" universal availability of information and knowledge """""""" via computerized methods , multimedia content-oriented net applications and other tools as well as open new horizons for more efficient applications based upon this integration of methodologies . tke 99 will also elicit the interest and participation of experts working in the fields that are gradually drawing nearer from the point of theory and methodology . general schedule while monday and tuesday are reserved for workshops , the main conference with parallel sections and the exhibition will be held from wednesday to friday . the conference starts with a general opening on wednesday morning . the keynote address """""""" conceptual navigation in multimedia knowledge spaces """""""" will be held by prof . kim veltman from the renowned european mcluhan institute for digital culture in maastricht . the second international infoterm award for applied research and development in the field of terminology ( terminology ard award 1999 ) will be awarded in conjunction with the tke 99 . there will also be the 13th gtw general assembly , meetings of the iitf , termnet and a tdcnet presentation . a high-ranking multimedia summit is planned for the day after the tke . sections the conference is subdivided into sections and workshops . the first will address theoretical problems and questions regarding each topic whereas the workshops cater for more application-oriented issues . the following sections are planned for tke ' 99 ; the persons mentioned are organizers and members of the reviewing panel . the keywords ( key ) should help to define the topics of each section . section 1 : philosophy of science and terminology studies e . oeser , g . budin key : knowledge theory , logic , epistemology , ontology , cognitive science , semiotics , fundamentals of computational philosophy section 2 : knowledge resource management kd . schmitz , s . e . wright , i . meyer key : knowledge data modelling , information management , knowledge rich terminology data bases , terminology and other data interchange , encyclopedic knowledge , reference tools , copyright issues , terminology and knowledge data extraction section 3 : knowledge transfer by specialist communication h . picht , s . shelov , j . graham key : specialized languages , knowledge and technology transfer section 4 : terminology in multimedia , education and training c galinski , k . prochazka , t . cabr i castellvi , h . sonneveld key : multi / hypermedia teaching and training , call , re-usability of language resources for textbooks and other teaching materials , scientific and technical writing , tele - and online teaching , new media and www didactics section 5 : terminology , localisation and internationalization a . melby , s . e . wright , k . h . freigang key : software localisation , technical documentation , user interfaces , usability validation and testing , liability issues , distributed cooperative authoring via the internet , unicode and www , language data in non - european scripts , interface between product data in td and cad / cam as well as inventory control , new technologies ( e . g . thin film displays , ' intelligent ' textiles etc . ) , quality management and terminology section 6 : terminology in new world wide web applications k . ahmad , f . mayer , c . plested alvarez key : preparation , representation and distribution of terminology and knowledge through the www , e-commerce , database and online publishing , global engineering networks ( gen ) , ipr issues , liability issues , knowledge management in virtual enterprises , definition of smallest knowledge units ( for accounting etc . ) section 7 : terminology in the multilingual information society c . lauren , y . arsky , j . myking key : human translation , terminology in plurilingual settings , multilingualism policies / strategies , language policies in enterprises , internationalization and globalisation , terminology documentation networks , european multilingual information society , global information alliance . section 8 : culture in the multimedia information society h . benking , a . goppold , g . budin key : multimodality of contents , indexing of cultural information , multidimensional classification of culture information , distribution and marketing of cultural information through the internet , culture and multimedia technology : bidirectional impacts , influence of esthetics on mm technology and database modelling , terminology in cultural information systems , culture-specific concepts in cross-culture communication , terminological methodology for multilingual culture encyclopedia design and publishing submitted papers the overall time for presentations including time for discussion will be 30 minutes . the papers may be presented in english , german or french while the submitted written version for the proceedings should be in english . according to the time schedule above some 50 papers ( including the keynote speech at the general opening and the second keynote address on thursday morning ) will be presented at tke ' 99 . the abstracts should be sent preferably by e-mail ( peter . sandrini @ uibk . ac . at ) , a submission form is available on the tke home page at http : / / gtw-org . uibk . ac . at / tke . html , by mail or by fax . authors are asked to provide an abstract of their papers to the organizer by 30 november 1998 , at the latest . the abstract undergoes a reviewing process carried out by the programming committee and the section organizers . by the end of january 1999 the authors will be informed about the acceptance of their papers . they will have time until 30 march 1999 to submit the full version , which will be processed for publication in the proceedings and printed prior to the congress . proceedings the proceedings of tke ' 99 will be published in advance by termnet . there will be one volume of the proceedings including all papers in topic order . the proceedings will be available for the participants at the beginning of the congress . workshops workshops within the framework of the congress are held on monday and tuesday . several workshops in correspondence with the section topics either with a more application-oriented or research-oriented emphasis are planned . exhibition within the framework of the general tke conference an exhibition / fair will be organized from wednesday through friday and coordinated by termnet . the conditions for exhibitors will be available from termnet . location the workshops on monday and tuesday as well as the congress itself are planned to be held in the rooms of the university of innsbruck . detailed plans for venues , lunches , exhibition etc . will be given later . tke youth forum students and young graduates interested in terminology and knowledge engineering will be welcome to the tke conference and a special package ( tke youth forum ) will be available which comprises : reduced congress fee reduced workshop fee admission to the youth forum this special package applies to students and graduates with a degree not older than three years . a photocopy of the student id or passport is required . congress fees detailed information on congress fees will be given in the program to be printed and distributed at the beginning of 1999 . for the speakers accepted , a reduction of 50 % will be allowed . conference participants requesting a reduced fee will have to provide adequate proof . programming committee : khurshid ahmad , university of surrey ( great britain ) yuri arsky , viniti ( russia ) heiner benking , universitt ulm ( germany ) gerhard budin , universitt wien ( austria ) teresa cabr i castellvi , universitat pompeu fabra , barcelona ( spain ) karl - heinz freigang , universitt des saarlandes , saarbrcken ( germany ) christian galinski , infoterm , vienna ( austria ) andreas goppold , universitt ulm ( germany ) john d . graham , deutscher terminologietag e . v . ( germany ) jiao yunqi , csicci ( china ) christer lauren , university of vasa ( finland ) felix mayer , europische akademie bozen ( italy ) alan k . melby , brigham young university , provo ( usa ) ingrid meyer , university of ottawa ( canada ) johan myking , bergen ( norway ) erhard oeser , universitt wien , vienna ( austria ) heribert picht , handelshojskolen i kobenhavn , copenhagen ( denmark ) cecilia plested alvarez , universidad de antioquia ( colombia ) kurt prochazka , tgm ( austria ) peter sandrini , universitt innsbruck ( austria ) klaus - dirk schmitz , fachhochschule kln , cologne ( germany ) sergey d . shelov , committee for scientific terminology in fundamental research ( russia ) helmi sonneveld , eaft ( netherlands ) sue ellen wright , kent - state - university , ohio ( usa ) organizing committee christian galinski , infoterm , vienna ( austria ) klaus - dirk schmitz , fachhochschule kln , cologne ( germany ) peter sandrini , universitt innsbruck ( austria ) hideshiro nakamoto , iris , tokyo ( japan ) irmgard rieder , universitt innsbruck ( austria ) roberta schwarz , termnet ( austria ) supporting organisations : international institute for terminology research ( iitf ) german terminology society ( dtt ) european association for terminology ( eaft ) tdc - net consortium - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - pre - registrations : tyrol congress gmbh rennweg 3 , a-6020 innsbruck tel . + 43 + 512 / 575600 fax : + 43 + 512 / 575607 email : tyrol . congress @ tirol . com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - contributions and abstracts : gesellschaft fr terminologie und wissenstransfer ( gtw ) universitt innsbruck fischnalerstr . 4 a-6020 innsbruck ( austria ) tel . + 43 512 507 4261 fax + 43 512 507 2966 http : / / gtw-org . uibk . ac . at email : peter . sandrini @ uibk . ac . at - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - peter sandrini institut fuer uebersetzen und dolmetschen tel + 43 0512 507 4261 der universitaet innsbruck ( austria ) fax """""""" 2966
  """",0
  2082,""""Subject: natural language processing
   
   @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ * % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ % % \ \ / / | _ _ _ | \ \ / / | _ _ | / \ | | % % \ \ / / | | _ \ \ / / | | / _ \ | | % % \ \ / / | | _ _ / / \ \ | | / _ _ _ \ | | _ _ _ % % \ _ _ / | _ _ _ _ | / / \ \ | _ / _ / \ _ \ _ _ _ _ _ | % % % % % % vextal % % venezia per il trattamento automatico delle lingue % % % % universita ' ca ' foscari - auditorium s . margherita % % dal 20 al 22 settembre 1999 % % per informazioni guardate la pagina web : % % http : / / byron . cgm . unive . it / eventi / vextal % % % % % @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( see english version below ) vextal primo annuncio ( prima scadenza : 6 marzo 1999 ) venezia dal 20 al 22 settembre 1999 il convegno vextal si terra ' a venezia , nell ' auditorium s . margherita dell ' universita ' ca ' foscari ed e ' rivolto a linguisti che usano metodi computazionali e quantitativo / statistici nello studio delle lingue . il convegno vextal e ' stato preceduto lo scorso anno da fractal , tenutosi a besancon - francia . le lingue ufficiali del convegno sono l ' italiano , il francese e l ' inglese . tematiche le comunicazioni , della durata di 20 minuti , domande incluse , potranno trattare i temi piu ' noti del tal : lessico morfologia sintassi semantica pragmatica discorso analisi generazione riassunto dialogo traduzione automatica approcci logici , quantitativi , statistici , simbolici altri domini di interesse per vextal sono i seguenti : aspetti cognitivi terminologia , acquisizione di conoscenza dai testi estrazione d ' informazione linguistica dei corpora correttori grammaticali , style-checkers insegnamento delle lingue assistito dall ' elaboratore linguistica matematica e quantitativa si accettano lavori su applicazioni implementate e verificate nel campo del tal . sono incoraggiate le dimostrazioni come complemento della presentazione di lavori scientifici . i lavori verranno pubblicati negli atti della conferenza . date da ricordare scadenza per l ' invio proposta : 6 marzo 1999 notificazione di accettazione : 15 maggio 1999 versione finale : 10 giugno 1999 conferenza : 20-22 settembre 1999 modalita ' di invio le proposte dovranno essere anonime , cioe ' non dovra ' apparire ne ' il nome dell ' autore ne ' una sua citazione . gli articoli non dovranno superare le 9 pagine , spaziatura singola , times 10 , 6000 parole massimo . gli articoli devono essere inviati in forma cartacea , formato a4 , o in forma elettronica , formato . rtf di word o . ps al seguente indirizzo : indirizzo elettronico : vextal @ byron . cgm . unive . it indirizzo postale : vextal - ca ' garzoni - moro san marco 3417 universita ' ca ' foscari 30124 - v e n e z i a ( it ) formato dell ' invio elettronico : l ' invio elettronico deve essere indirizzato all ' indirizzo indicato piu ' sopra , vextal @ cgm . unive . it , con il """""""" subject """""""" , """""""" vextal - relazione """""""" , per l ' articolo e """""""" vextal - autore """""""" per la pagina contenente titolo , nome autore , affiliazione , indirizzo postale ed elettronico , numero di telefono , fax e pagina web . i formati possono essere solo - rtf ( word ) e postscript importante : tutti i lavori . ps devono essere in formato a4 . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % vextal first call for proposals ( deadline : 6 march 1999 ) venice ( italy ) 20 - 22 september 1999 for more information look at the web page : http : / / byron . cgm . unive . it / eventi / vextal the vextal conference will be held in the auditorium s . margherita of the university ca ' foscari - venice ( it ) , 20 - 22 september , 1999 . it is directed to research people working in the area of computational linguistics , mathematical and quantitative linguistics , corpus linguistics and language engineering . it is the follow-up of fractal held in besancon ( france ) , last year . the official languages of the conference are italian , french and english . themes papers are invited for twenty minute talks , questions included , in all areas of natural language processing , including ( but not limited to ) : lexicon morphology syntax semantics pragmatics discourse parsing text generation abstraction / summarization dialogue machine translation quantitative , logical , symbolical and statistical approaches vextal also welcomes submissions from fields for which nlp plays an important role , which are more application oriented : cognitive aspects terminology , knowledge acquisition information extraction documentary retrieval corpus linguistics grammar and style-checkers and nlp tools computer assisted language learning mathematical & quantitative linguistics vextal invites submissions focusing on nlp applications already implemented , tested and evaluated . demos are strongly encouraged , in addition to a standard paper . all accepted papers will be published in the conference proceedings . calendar submission deadline : 6 march 1999 notification to authors : 15 may 1999 final version due : 10 june 1999 conference : 20 - 22 september 1999 submission procedure submissions will be anonymous , and should therefore not include the author 's name , nor any self-reference . the maximum length is nine pages , single spaced , times 10 , ( approx . 6000 words ) . hard - copies of the paper must be in a4 format . authors are encouraged to send an electronic version of their paper . e - mail address : vextal @ byron . cgm . unive . it address : vextal - ca ' garzoni - moro san marco 3417 universita ' ca ' foscari 30124 - v e n e z i a ( it ) guidelines for electronic submission : authors should send their submission ( neither compressed nor encoded ) via e - mail as an attached file to the address above , specifying """""""" vextal - submission """""""" as the subject . a separate identification page ( with the following information : title of the paper , author 's name , affiliation , postal address , e - mail address , fax and telephone number ) should also be send specifying """""""" vextal - author """""""" . papers must be sent in one of the following formats : - rtf ( word ) document and postscript version . important : all postscript versions must be in a4 format . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
  """",0
  2083,""""Subject: cognitive studies in creolistics
   
   6th international cognitive linguistics conference stockholm , 11th - 16th july 1999 . theme session : cognitive studies in creolistics call for abstracts the theme session is intended as a workshop in which papers that are relevant to this topic are invited in order to promote the discussion between creolists and cognitive linguists . the papers may incorporate empirical studies as well as theoretical debates that discuss aspects of description and analysis of mental structures and language processes within the field of creole languages . there are two main strands in the field which are presently discussed , the question of creole genesis as a gradual restructuring process on the one hand , and questions of practical implications of creole research on bilingual education and standardization in the creole societies on the other hand . how can we - from a cognitivist 's point of view - account for the existence of different degrees in a yet consistent pattern of restructuring ? what are the cognitive components that shape language competence in a creole setting where children grow up bilingually , either where the lexifying language of the creole equals the standard or where they differ ? another set of questions that can be raised with respect to this workshop relates to the topic of how studies of creole languages , and other contact language varities ( e . g . pidgins ) might contribute to cognitive linguistic theory in general . for instance , certain structural features of creoles have been said to be ' universal ' in the sense of common to all creole languages ; ( how ) can we explain these features from a cognitivist viewpoint ? how does the structure of creoles ( and again , other contact language varieties ) differ from that of other natural languages , and how can these differences be explained ? ' we would like to organize the papers under the following headings : 1 . aspects of language systems 2 . creolization as language acquisition 3 . bilingualism half - to one page abstracts should be submitted by e-mail to anette nielsen ( vixen @ ling . aau . dk ) by november 1st . 1998 . ( we are very , very sorry for not having sent out this call earlier - there has been a misunderstanding between the theme session and conference organizers . we sincerely hope that you can manage to come up with an abstract anyway . ) notification of acceptance will be by november 15th . further information about the 6th international cognitive linguistics conference can be obtained at the conference website : http : / / bamse . ling . su . se / iclc99 theme session organizers : rebekka ehret and anette nielsen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ get your private , free email at http : / / www . hotmail . com
  """",0
  2084,""""Subject: languaging 99 : a conference across literature , linguistics , & writing
   
   update : languaging 99 announcing the linguistics plenary speaker : donna jo napoli swarthmore college also , call for last-minute papers : languaging 99 : a conference across literature , linguistics , and writing university of north texas , denton , texas 4 - 6 march 1999 ( see our previous linguist posting for more details ) submission """""""" deadline """""""" : email : beginning of november 1998 linglit @ unt . edu for more information : see our previous linguist post , or to go http : / / www . unt . edu / languaging
  """",0
  2085,""""Subject: review of mon - khmer studies 27
   
   review of mon - khmer studies , vol . 27 ( 1997 ) ; mahidol university at salaya , thailand , and summer institute of linguistics , dallas , texas , usa ; us $ 39 . 00 . reviewed by neil h . olsen , neil . olsen @ ci . slc . ut . us volume 27 of mon - khmer studies ( mks ) is dedicated to paul k . benedict on the occasion of his 85th birthday ( 5 july 1997 ) . tragically , dr . benedict died sixteen days later in an automobile accident . robert s . bauer writes a memorial tribute which includes a concise biography . following bauer 's memorial , he and other mks editors have compiled a bibliography of benedict \ 213s articles , books , and conference papers - - the most current and complete published to date . mks 27 is the third volume in the special series dedicated to recognized experts in the field of southeast asian linguistics . mks 25 was dedicated to the late andre haudricourt and mks 26 to david thomas , one of the founding editors of mks in 1964 . mks 28 will resume the regular format of the journal . although mks is generally a journal devoted to mon - khmer and austroasiatic languages , it welcomes articles on other southeast asian languages and language families . the 28 papers in this volume are more ambitious than previous mks volumes and represent a wide range of linguistic topics which reflect dr . benedict 's broad , eclectic , and sometimes controversial interests . there are papers on chinese , japanese , tai , sino - tibetan , tibeto - burman , hmong - mien , austronesian , and , of course , austroasiatic . the main purpose of this review is to briefly summarize the various papers so that readers may select those articles which interest them . the first paper is paul k . benedict 's , """""""" interphyla flow in southeast asia , """""""" which was one of the keynote speeches at the 4th international symposium on languages and linguistics , pan - asiatic linguistics , held in bangkok in january 1966 . benedict warns us that the field of southeast asian linguistics is the bosnia of historical linguistics - - a lovely landscape strewn with land mines ! he playfully formulates a law of historical linguistics : the number of linguistic errors perpetrated is inversely proportional to the median length of the roots involved . the remainder of his paper is devoted to exploring sino - tibetan , mon - khmer , and austro - tai homelands ( with a map and diagram ) , distinguishing between direct and stimulus diffusion in interphyla tone flow , and contrasting affixation patterns among the superstocks . finally , he traces a pair of mon - khmer loan - words , ' tiger ' and ' raptor ' , as they ' invade ' southeast asia . """""""" on the track of austric : part ii , consonant mutation in early austroasiatic ' by la vaughn h . hayes is a data-rich paper continuing ( part i in mks 21 ) his effort to validate wilhem schmidt 's 1906 hypothesis that austroasiatic and austronesian are genetically related and should be grouped under a new austric superstock . hayes claims that diachronic changes affecting proto - austroasiatic obscure and conceal the linkage between ancient consonants and their modern reflexes . these changes have contributed to the difficulty of establishing the lexical connection between austroasiatic and austronesian . this paper describes and details four plre phonological shifts - - palatalization , spirantization , assibilation , and voicing - - which took place early in the history of the austroasiatic language family causing massive mutations in the consonant system . dipankar moral , in """""""" north - east india as a linguistic area , """""""" delineates seven indian states - - with 220 languages belonging to the indo - european , sino - tibetan , and austroasiatic families - - as a linguistic area distinct from the rest of india . lists of common linguistic characteristics ( phonological , grammatical , and lexical features ) bolster the argument of areal uniqueness . read this paper in conjunction with simon 's paper noted below . michel ferlus , in ' le maleng bro et le vietnamien , describes the phonology and morphology of maleng bro , a viet - muong language spoken in khammouan , laos . data from maleng sheds light on viet - muong linguistic history , especially the syllable structure and ancient morphology of vietnamese and the development of its tones . david filbeck , in """""""" the protasis - apodosis construction in mal , """""""" gives a structural and functional description of a topic-comment syntactic pattern in mal , a mon - khmer language spoken in northern thailand . sujaritlak deepadung and suriya ratanakul , in """""""" final particles in conversational mal ( thin ) , """""""" discuss status , question , and mood sentence final particles in the ban sakat klang dialect of mal . dai qingxia and liu yan , in """""""" analysis of the tones in the guangka subdialect of deang , """""""" present a synchronic description and analysis of guangka tones . they compare guangka to other deang dialects with and without tones . deang is a mon - khmer language spoken in southwest yunnan , china . this study contributes to further understanding of the development of tone systems in mon - khmer languages . theraphan l . - thongkum , in """""""" the place of lawi , harak , and tariang within bahnaric , """""""" presents the results of field work with mon - khmer languages spoken in sekong province , laos . ethnolinguistic data and word lists are included . lawi is classified as a west bahnaric language , while the place of harak and tariang within bahnaric is unclear at present . natalja m . spatar , in """""""" imperative constructions in cambodian , """""""" notes that the cambodian imperative paradigm consists of four categories : 1st person sg . and pl . , 2nd person , and 3rd person . the center of this paradigm is the 2nd person imperative forms : any imperative marker ( except oj ) can be used in a 2nd person imperative , and only 2nd person imperatives can be used without any marker and without a subject . suwilai premsrirat , in """""""" linguistic contributions to the study of the northern khmer language of thailand in the last two decades , """""""" surveys the linguistic work , major developments , and recent research that has been conducted on khmer ( cambodian ) as spoken in thailand . a 3 - page bibliography is included . sophana srichampa , in """""""" serial verb constructions in vietnamese , """""""" examines a specific verb construction in vietnamese - - a sequence of verbs occurring together with a non-overt subject and / or a non-overt object - - within the framework of government and binding theory . zhou zhizhi and yan qixiang , in their """""""" on the genetic affiliation of vietnamese , """""""" reopen the old debate concerning whether vietnamese is a tai , austroasiatic , or chinese language . they compare 159 basic vocabulary items from vietnamese with thai and zhuang ( tai languages ) and wa , blang , and palaung ( austroasiatic languages ) . focusing on a 40 % cognate rate with wa , they examine phonetic and grammatical similarities between vietnamese and wa and confirm that vietnamese is indeed an austroasiatic language . i . m . simon , in """""""" on first looking into paul k . benedict 's sino - tibetan , """""""" uses benedict 1972 as a starting point to compare khasi , a mon - khmer language spoken in assam , with tibeto - burman , and with huffman 's ( 1990 ) mon and kur wordlists . this paper should be read in conjunction with moral 's paper noted above . david bradley , in """""""" what did they eat ? grain crops of the burmic groups . """""""" follows up on benedict 1972 and 1975 and takes a closer look at the reconstruction of words for various grain crops within the burmic subgroup of sino - tibetan . bradley draws some conclusions about the implications of this reconstruction for the original homeland of the burmic , tibeto - burman , and sino - tibetan groups . james a . matisoff , in """""""" dayang pumi phonology and adumbrations of comparative qiangic , """""""" analyzes pumi 's complex phonology and tones in great detail . he discusses pumi 's place in the qiangic family and notes that much internal reconstruction will be necessary before details of the complex initial - and rhyme-correspondences will be figured out . pumi is a tai language spoken in yunnan , china . helen potopova , in """""""" semantic characteristics of the tibetan honorific forms , """""""" focuses on words taking honorific prefixes , the original meanings of which are anatomical terms . in tibetan , the choice to use an honorific form as opposed to a neutral form is determined by social stratification and the situation of the communication act itself . semantic and lexical evidence is presented . george bedell , in """""""" causatives and clause union in lai ( chin ) , """""""" examines causative constructions in lai within a generative framework . lai , also called hakha chin , is spoken in chin state , myanmar ( burma ) . ilia peiros , in """""""" lolo - burmese linguistic archaeology , """""""" discusses what linguistic data suggest about speakers of proto - lolo - burmese ( plb ) . three main issues are discussed : ( 1 ) localization of plb homeland ; ( 2 ) absolute dating for the disintegration of plb homeland ; and ( 3 ) some features of plb cultural reconstruction . peiros proposes that 3800-3600 years ago a highly developed culture flourished in yunnan , connected more with sub - himalayan cultures than southeast asian . there is an appendix of plb cultural lexicon . k . s . nagaraja 's """""""" kinship terms in konyak naga """""""" is a data paper listing kinship terminology collected for konyak naga , a tibeto - burman language of nagaland state in india . jerold a . edmonson and kenneth j . gregerson , in their """""""" outlying kam - tai : notes on ta mit laha , """""""" offer recent field notes primarily on the phonology of laha , a kadai language spoken in northern vietnam . there is a brief overview of laha ethnolinguistic history along with comparative comments on the rather large shared vocabulary with the tai branch . they conclude that the laha language of ta mit township will prove useful in future work in deciphering the history of outlier kadai languages . wave form and pitch trajectory of two words are illustrated ; a map showing laha groups in vietnam and china is very useful . luo yongxian , in """""""" expanding the proto - tai lexicon - - a supplement to li ( 1977 ) , """""""" examines a sizable number of new cognate sets which substantially expands li 's seminal 1977 work . using lexical classification , the new cognates sets are arranged by semantic field : nature and environment , agricultural terms , etc . implications of lexical classification for subgrouping in tai langauges are discussed and cognates rates are tabulated . qin xiaohang , in """""""" evolution of the initial consonant clusters pl , kl , ml in the hongshiuhe vernacular of zhuang , """""""" analyzes the historical evolution of the initial consonant clusters pl , kl , ml in the hongshuihe vernacular , a northern dialect of zhuang , a tai language , spoken in guangxi zhuang autonomous region in china . udom warotamasikkhadit , in """""""" fronting and backing topicalization in thai , """""""" observes that , in thai , topicalization can occur at the beginning of , in the middle of , or at the end of a sentence . illustrative sentences are given and it is concluded that topicalization is closely related to emphasis . apiluck tumtavitikul , in """""""" reflection on the x ' category in thai , """""""" questions whether or not there is an intermediate level of x ' category in thai . evidence is presented for the existence of x ' in thai , in particular , n ' and v ' , and most probably a ' and p ' as well , if a similar kind of argumentation is applied . there is a concluding discussion of the implications . martha ratliff , in """""""" hmong - mien demonstratives and pattern persistence , """""""" examines the persistence of a 3 - way , person-oriented demonstrative system in the hmong - mien ( miao - yao ) family . the hmong daw ( white hmong ) demonstrative ko ' that-near you ' is discussed in detail . ratliff comments on the implications of pattern persistence in relation to southeast asia areal types , relexification , and hmong - mien as austro - tai . christiane cormo , in """""""" towards a constructivist approach of the japanese ' passive ' , """""""" recategorizes japanese passive verbs according to the pronominal approach in a constructivist framework . joseph f . kess and tadao miyamoto , in """""""" psycholinguistic aspects of hanji processing in chinese , """""""" explore the psycholinguistic dimensions of logographic hanji character processing and linguistic recognition in chinese . they review the current literature on the subject and attempt to synthesize the conflicting explanations offered by two opposing theoretical models of chinese lexical access , word recognition , and the architecture of the chinese mental lexicon . the final paper in the volume , ernest w . lee 's , """""""" austronesian for ordinary speakers of austronesian languages """""""" demonstrates the pedagogical technique of introducing the notion of a proto-language and daughter languages to non-linguist austronesian speakers from the solomon islands and vanuatu using roglai ( vietnam ) and maguindanao ( philippines ) cognates . errata for two articles that appeared in mks 26 , and a publications list of the institute of language and culture for rural development at mahidol university complete this issue . soliciting , compiling , and editing articles for inclusion in dedicatory or special issues of journals is difficult in itself ; the editors of mks have done an admirable job on the last three volumes . my only criticism is that in a few papers ( e . g . , ratliff , cormo ) , some works cited are not referenced in the bibliography , making it difficult to follow up on an interesting topic . bibliography benedict , paul k . 1972 sino - tibetan : a conspectus . james a matisoff , contributing ed . cambridge : cambridge university press . benedict , paul k . 1975 austro - thai language and culture . new haven : human relations area files . huffman , franklin e . 1990 burmese mon , thai mon , and nyah kur : a synchronic comparison . mks 16-17 : 31-84 . li , fang - kuei . 1977 a handbook of comparative tai . oceanic linguistics special publications , 15 . honolulu : the university press of hawaii . the author of this review is neil h . olsen , information planner with salt lake city corporation . he earned a m . a . in linguistics from the university of utah in 1994 . olsen has been an adjunct instructor at the english language institute , university of utah . his linguistic interests focus on south bahnaric languages , where he did field work with koho speakers in vietnam ( 1967-68 ) and in north carolina ( 1997 ) . he is currently working on a koho grammar and dictionary .
  """",0
  2086,""""Subject: syntaxis : an international journal of syntactic research
   
   the first issue of syntaxis , a journal published by the university of huelva press in spain , has just come out . the articles in volume 1 ( 1998 ) are the following : t . givon : the syntax of literacy lyn frazier : syntactic theory and syntactic processing juan carlos moreno - cabrera : sintaxis formal y sintaxis conceptual : mas alla de la tipologia de las oraciones de relativo jose luis gonzalez - escribano : minimalism , move and the internal subject hypothesis ( ish ) bart defrancq : embedded interrogatives and coordination in french enrique alcaraz : claves sintacticas de la estilistica linguistica william o'grady : principles of phrasal architecture : category assignment in coordinate structures frederick j . newmeyer : the irrelevance of typology for grammatical theory syntaxis publishes articles presenting the results of current research in all areas related to the syntax of human languages . inspired by the original greek term syntaxis from which it takes its name , a major goal of this journal is to bring together different perspectives and approaches to the study of how languages put words together . syntaxis will also accept for publication review articles presenting the achievements and current state of established and emergent syntactic frameworks . information about orders , subscriptions , and contributions for publication can be obtained from http : / / www . philologia . uhu . es , or from : montserrat martinez ( montse @ uhu . es ) editor of syntaxis servicio de publicaciones de la universidad de huelva av . de las fuerzas armadas s / n e - 21007 huelva
  """",0
  2087,""""Subject: toc : history of language 4 . 2
   
   the latest issue of _ history of language _ ( formerly _ dhumbadji ! journal for the history of language _ ) is now available , featuring : h . m . hubey : quantitative approaches to historical linguistics with example application to * pie / ie e . f . k . koerner : on the historiography of the polish contribution to the understanding of language change see http : / / www . lexicon . net / opoudjis / work / ahl . html for more information . - nick nicholas , linguistics & applied linguistics , n . nicholas @ linguistics . unimelb . edu . au university of http : / / www . lexicon . net / opoudjis melbourne , australia
  """",0
  2088,""""Subject: first issue of language and linguistics
   
   we are pleased to announce the publication of the first issue of the new journal language and linguistics . the journal will appear twice a year in morocco . issue 1 , 1998 : studies in comparative linguistics table des matires / contents moha ennaji introduction frederick newmeyer preposition stranding : parametric variation and pragmatics fatima sadiqi the syntactic nature and position of object clitics in berber mohamed khalil ennassiri is arabic a v2 language ? andrzej zaborski personal pronoun systems and their origin in some languages of ethiopia fouad brigui les rapports associatifs saussuriens : paradigmes ou syntagmes ? moubarak hanoune la pause en arabe et categories syntaxiques ( in arabic ) """""""" languages and linguistics """""""" is a new world forum for the study of natural languages , with a special focus on the languages in use in africa and the middle east . the journal brings together research from english , french and arabic traditions , publishing significant work on phonology , morphology , syntax , lexis and semantics , sociolinguistics , pragmatics , discourse analysis , applied linguistics , language acquisition , computational linguistics and variation and comparative studies . contributions are in english , arabic and french . for further contact , please write to : professor moha ennaji , editor e-mail : estry @ fesnet . net . ma fax : + 212 46 08 44 university of fes faculte des lettres 1 bp 50 fes morocco for more information about the new journal , please consult : http : / / www . fesnet . net . ma / lang-ling
  """",0
  2089,""""Subject: mental lexicon
   
   call for papers international conference on the mental lexicon september 3 - 5 , 1998 university of alberta edmonton , alberta , canada hosted by : the mcri international mental lexicon research group department of linguistics , university of alberta sponsored by : social sciences and humanities research council of canada , the university of alberta local organizer : gary libben submission deadline : march 16 , 1998 the international conference on the mental lexicon is soliciting abstracts for papers or posters that bear on the question of how morphologically simple and complex words are represented in the mind ( their morphological , phonological , syntactic , and semantic properties ) , how they are linked to one another , and how they are accessed in the processes of language production and comprehension . we welcome submissions of theoretical , psycholinguistic , neurolinguistic , and computational research . * conference location the conference will be held on the campus of the university of alberta . the university is located in the city of edmonton and is one the largest reseach-intensive universities in canada . the canadian rockies and the mountain towns of banff and jasper are a 3 - 4 hour drive from the city . * scientific committee gonia jarema , chair , university of montreal , canada ria de bleser , universitat potsdam , germany bruce derwing , university of alberta , canada eva kehayia , mcgill university , canada gary libben , university of alberta , canada jussi niemi , university of joensuu , finland loraine obler , cuny graduate center , u . s . a . * publication of proceedings selected papers will be published in the conference proceedings . * how to submit abstracts abstracts should be less than 500 words in length ( excluding references ) and may be submitted by mail , e-mail , or fax . submissions must be received by march 16 , 1998 . at the top of the abstract please include your name , affiliation , address , telephone and fax numbers , and e-mail address . please leave several lines between this information and the title and body of the abstract so that the header information can be removed for anonymous abstract review . also indicate at the top of your abstract , your preference for paper or poster presentation ( i . e . , paper only , poster only , paper or poster ) . send your abstract to : gonia jarema centre de recherche institut universitaire de geriatrie de montreal 4565 chemin queen mary montreal , quebec canada h3w 1w5 e-mail : jarema @ ere . umontreal . ca fax : ( 514 ) 340-3548 * for questions or more information on the conference please check our conference website : http : / / www . ualberta . ca / ~ linguis / lexiconf . html or contact gary libben tel : ( 403 ) 492-3434 fax : ( 403 ) 492-0806 e-mail : gary . libben @ ualberta . ca
  """",0
  2090,""""Subject: glot international 3 : 1
   
   glot international , volume 3 ( 1998 ) , issue 1 ( january ) - state - of-the - article - - helen de hoop on partitivity """""""" [ t ] he main function of partitive elements is to make certain sets or entities accessible for quantification . in the case of ordinary partitives this process involves restricted or contextually bounded sets whereas in the case of other types of partitives ( pseudopartitives , faded partitives , partitive case ) the set or semantic entity that has to be made available for quantification is unrestricted or unbounded . """""""" - column - - recent issues in linguistics elan dresher : noch einmal comparative germanic : a tale of two journals """""""" it is based on a premise that would still strike many nonlinguists as incredible : the idea that small differences between languages are not just accidents of history or culture , but are connected by universal principles to other small , seemingly insignificant , differences . """""""" - dissertations - - the development of functional categories : the acquisition of the subject in french by astrid ferdinand reviewed by claire foley the nature of adjectival inflection by ellen - petra kester reviewed by judy b . bernstein - goodies - - tree - creation by elizabeth ritter reviewing arboreal - conference reports - - escol 1997 by chung - hye han going romance 11 by jan - wouter zwart - announcements - - - the number of death - - a linguistic mystery in eight installments by chris sidney tappan - concordance of intratextual references in chomsky 's chapter four - - compiled by c . j . w . zwart < http : / / www . hag . nl / glot > holland academic graphics [ scientific [ document ] processing ] p . o . box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands http : / / www . hag . nl phone : + 31704480203 fax : + 31704480177
  """",0
  2091,""""Subject: book on labelled deduction
   
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers labelled deduction ( an edited volume intended for the applied logic series of kluwer academic publishers ) http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - background in september 1998 , the university of freiburg ( germany ) hosted ld ' 98 the first international workshop on labelled deduction . the participants of ld ' 98 reported on research , related to or based on labelled deduction , in many areas of computer science , artificial intelligence , mathematical logic , cognitive science , philosophy , and computational linguistics . more information on ld ' 98 is available at the url of the workshop http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 / ws / motivated by the success of the workshop , the members of the program committee of ld ' 98 will edit a volume collecting original papers on this topic and titled labelled deduction ( an edited volume intended for the applied logic series of kluwer academic publishers ) topics of interest the title reflects the planned contents of this book : we welcome original contributions on all theoretical and practical aspects of labelled deduction , including but not limited to : * logical modeling based on labelled deduction * formal metatheory for , or based on , labelled deduction * hybrid reasoners and combinations of logics based on labelling * automated reasoning , implementation , and system support * annotated logic programming * applications submissions * authors are invited to submit full papers of at most 18 pages ( formatted as described below ) to be received by january 31st , 1999 . notification of acceptance or rejection of the papers will be sent by april 30th , 1999 , and final versions of accepted papers will be due by june 15th , 1999 . * submitted papers must be original and not submitted for publication elsewhere . * the primary means of submission is electronic , in postscript format . papers should be e-mailed to ld98 @ informatik . uni-freiburg . de . if electronic submission is not possible , then 5 hard copies should be sent to the postal address given below . regardless of the submission method , a letter or e-mail message accompanying the paper must contain the title , authors , and contact information ( e-mail and postal addresses ) . * authors are strongly encouraged to use latex2e and the article document class with a4paper and 11pt as options . ( basic dimensions for a4paper - 11pt format are approximately : text height 300mm , text width 210mm , 11pt text with a 13 . 5pt leading ( baseline skip ) . ) * submitted papers must be written in english . reception of submissions will be confirmed by e-mail after we have succeeded in printing the paper . important dates submission deadline : january 31st , 1999 notification of acceptance : april 30th , 1999 deadline for final papers : june 15th , 1999 program committee david basin , institut fur informatik , albert - ludwigs - universitat freiburg , germany marcello d ' agostino , universita di ferrara , italy dov gabbay , king 's college , london , uk sean matthews , max - planck - institut fur informatik , saarbracken , germany luca vigano , institut fur informatik , albert - ludwigs - universitat freiburg , germany addresses * the labelled deduction ( ld ' 98 ) home page ( http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 / ) * email : ld98 @ informatik . uni-freiburg . de * by post : labelled deduction c / o luca vigano institut fur informatik albert - ludwigs - universitat freiburg universitatsgelande flugplatz d-79110 freiburg germany phone : + 49 ( 761 ) 203-8243 fax : + 49 ( 761 ) 203-8242
  """",0
  2092,""""Subject: general linguistics and native american language
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for papers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * kansas working papers in linguistics * * * * * number 1 : general linguistics number 2 : studies in native american languages deadline : january 31 , 1999 the editors of kansas working papers in linguistics will produce two numbers of volume 24 , for 1999 . we welcome submissions of papers on all topics in the field of linguistics and closely-related disciplines for number 1 . papers dealing with native languages of the americas will be selected for number 2 . since we are a working paper , publication in kwpl does not preclude later publication elsewhere of revised versions of papers . submissions should be in good readable form ( double or 1 . 5 spaced ) , not necessarily final copies . student papers are encouraged . please include name , address , email address ( if possible ) when sending correspondence . please send papers or inquiries to this address : editors , kwpl linguistics department 427 blake hall university of kansas lawrence , kansas 66045 e-mail : lgsa @ kuhub . cc . ukans . edu * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * john kyle , editor kwpl jkyle @ ukans . edu
  """",0
  2093,""""Subject: machine translation
   
   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8th international conference on theoretical and methodological issues in machine translation tmi-99 august 23-25 , 1999 chester , uk http : / / www . ccl . umist . ac . uk / events / tmi99 / first announcement and call for papers the eighth conference in the tmi series will take place over august 23-25 , 1999 in the historic city of chester , uk . in addition to general theoretical and methodological issues , tmi-99 will have a major theme : modalities and mt : where can mt be used ? submissions referring to the above theme are encouraged . however , substantial , original , and unpublished research on any other issues relevant to machine translation are also welcome . proposals are also solicited for one day workshops ( see below ) . details on submissions and submission guidelines , along with a latex style file , will be put up on our web site . papers should be in english , not longer than 10 pages ( around 5 , 000 words ) . important dates paper submissions march 12 , 1999 acceptance notification may 14 , 1999 final copies due july 2 , 1999 conference dates tutorials : aug 22 , 1999 papers and panels : aug 23-25 , 1999 workshops : aug 26 , 1999 conference site the conference meetings will be held at chester college , in the city of chester uk . more information about the conference cite can be found at the web site : http : / / www . ccl . umist . ac . uk / events / tmi99 / . tmi-99 is supported by the european association for machine translation ( eamt ) call for workshop proposals proposals are solicited for one-day workshops addressing specific issues of interest in machine translation . if you would like to organize a workshop , send your proposals before november 30 , 1998 to the program chair < bond @ cslab . kecl . ntt . co . jp > . the proposal should include the theme and goal of the workshop , the planned activities , and a list of potential participants . tmi-99 officers : program chair : francis bond , ntt cs labs , kyoto local chairs : arturo trujillo and harold somers , umist , manchester general chair : sergei nirenburg , nmsu , las cruces nm program committee : laurie gerber ( systran , usa ) emmanuel planas ( geta , france ) melanie siegel ( dfki , germany ) stephen beale ( crl , usa ) kevin knight ( isi , usa ) kentaro ogura ( ntt , japan ) masahiko haruno ( atr , japan ) hiromi nakaiwa ( ntt , japan ) key - sun choi ( kaist , korea ) terumasa ehara ( nhk japan ) kristiina jokinen ( atr , japan ) graham wilcock ( umist , uk ) please address any further enquiries to the program chair : francis bond < bond @ cslab . kecl . ntt . co . jp > machine translation research group ntt communication science laboratories 2 - 4 hikari - dai , seika - cho , soraku - gun , kyoto , japan , 619-0237 tel : 0774-93 - 5313 ( + 81 ) fax : 0774-93 - 5345 ( + 81 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",0
  2094,""""Subject: spanish association of applied linguistics
   
   17th aesla conference university of alcala , madrid , spain 15-17 april , 1999 call for papers 1 - the university of alcala will host the 17th aesla ( spanish association of applied linguistics ) conference . the conference topic is """""""" 1999 : applied linguistics at the end of the century """""""" . it will consist of nine theme sections , which are listed below . there is an organizer for each section . 2 - deadlines . hard copies of communication proposals should be submitted before 15 december , 1998 . authors are expected to provide three copies of the full text of their contributions . the author 's name , address , phone number , fax number , e-mail , and professional information should appear only in one of the copies . please omit all this information from the other two copies . the full text , including bibliographical references , notes , figures , and appendixes , should not exceed 2 . 500 words . authors should ascribe their contributions to a theme section and submit them to the corresponding section organizer . submissions will be refereed . all submittors will be notified of the committee 's decision before the end of february 1999 . a style sheet for publication in book format will then be provided to all participants . submitters should be members of aesla . to become a member , contact the following address : secretaria de aesla universitat jaume i department de filologia anglesa i romanica campus de la carretera de borriol apartat de correus 224 12080 castellon , spain . e - mail : aesla @ fil . uji . es 3 - conference events 3 . 1 . the conference will feature at least four plenary lectures : - susan basnett ( univ . warwick ) - robert ilson ( univ . london ) - jeremy smith ( univ . glasgow ) - jane willis ( univ . birmingham ) 3 . 2 . the conference shall host several workshops and round tables , which will be simultaneous with other conference events . 3 . 3 . communications . presentation of communications will be restricted to twenty minutes plus ten minutes ' discussion . 3 . 4 . posters . abstracts of approximately 150 words should be submitted to the corresponding theme section organizer . as in the case of communications , authors should include their personal and professional data ( author 's name , address , phone number , fax number , and e-mail . ) . 4 - registration the registration form will be provided , together with hotel and excursion reservation information , in october . registration before march , 15th , 1999 members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 . 000 pts . non - members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 . 000 pts . students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 . 000 pts . registration after march , 15th , 1999 : members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 . 000 pts . non - memers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 . 000 ptas students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 . 000 pts . 5 - theme section organizers ( plus submittal address ) : language acquisition & learning rosa maria manchon ruiz universidad de murcia departamento de filologia inglesa plaza de la universidad 30071 - murcia tel : ( 34 ) - 968-363187 fax : ( 34 ) - 968 - 363185 / 363417 e - mail : manchon @ fcu . um . es syllabus design & language teaching aquilino sanchez perez universidad de murcia departamento de filologia inglesa plaza de la universidad 30071 - murcia tel : ( 34 ) - 968 - 363191 fax : ( 34 ) - 968 - 363185 e - mail : asanchez @ fcu . um . es language for specific purposes guadalupe aguado de cea universidad politecnica de madrid facultad de informatica campus de montegancedo boadilla del monte 28660 - madrid tel : ( 34 ) - 91 - 715 84 11 fax : ( 34 ) - 91 - 336 74 12 e - mail : lupe @ fi . upm . es language psychology , child language and psycholinguistics mercedes belinchon carmona universidad autonoma de madrid departamento de psicologia basica facultad de psicologia 28049 - madrid tel : 34 - 91-3975201 fax : 34 - 91-3975215 e - mail : mercedes . belinchon @ uam . es sociolinguistics isabel molina martos universidad de alcala departamento de filologia edificio de san jose de caracciolos c / trinidad 5 28801 - alcala de henares , madrid . tel : 34-91 - 8854430 fax : 34-91 - 8854413 e - mail : fimm @ filo . alcala . es pragmatics , discourse analysis & communication juana marin arrese uned departamento de filologias extranjeras facultad de filologia c / senda del rey s / n 28040 madrid tel . 34-91 - 3986842 fax : : 34-91 - 3986830 e - mail : jmarin @ sr . uned . es corpus linguistics & computational linguistics maria antonia martin antonin universidad de barcelona departamento de filologia romanica seccion de linguistica general gran via 585 08007 - barcelona tel . : 34-93 - 4035671 fax : 34-93 - 3189822 e - mail : amarti @ lingua . fil . ub . es lexicology & lexicography jesus m . sanchez garcia universidad de cordoba departamento de filologia francesa e inglesa facultad de filosofia y letras plaza del cardenal salazar , 3 14071 - cordoba tel : 34 - - 957 - 218135 fax : 34 - - 957 - 218789 e - mail : ff1sagaj @ lucano . uco . es interpreting & translation pamela faber universidad de granada departamento de traduccion e interpretacion facultad de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas 55 18002 - granada tel : 34-958 - 246261 fax . : 34-958 - 244104 e - mail : pfaber @ redestb . es 6 - for any enquiries concerning the conference , contact : xvii congreso de aesla facultad de filosofia y letras departamento de filologia moderna san jose de caracciolos c / trinidad , 5 28801 alcala de henares ( madrid ) tel . : 91 - 885 5347 fax : 91 - 885 4445 e-mail : congreso . aesla @ alcala . es 7 - information about alcala alcala is located 30 kms . away from madrid . it is cervantes 's birth place . the university was founded in 1499 by cardinal cisneros , so 1999 will be the 500th anniversary of the foundation of our university . the university of alcala interest in language studies has given rise to the organization of several international conferences on literature , language and linguistics . for more information on the area and on the university of alcala visit the following webpage : http : / / www . alcala . es
  """",0
  2095,""""Subject: semiotic circle of california
   
   = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
  """",0
  2096,""""Subject: cultural identities
   
   = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = call for papers """""""" rethinking identities : state , nation , culture """""""" asn 4th annual convention international affairs building , columbia university , ny sponsored by the harriman institute 15-17 april 1999 the annual convention of the association for the study of nationalities ( asn ) has become the premier event for the burgeoning community of scholars , journalists , and policy-makers interested in issues of national identity , ethnic conflict and state-building in the post - communist world . the convention has grown remarkably since its inception in 1996 , boasting over 450 participants and 60 panels in 1998 . it also acquired a genuine international stature , with one-third of last year 's paper-givers arriving from overseas , particularly from western and eastern europe . the central theme of the 1999 convention will revolve around questions of identities in east - central europe and the post - soviet union . special considerations will be given to inter-disciplinary panel proposals . convention panels cover the most burning issues in the field . examples from 1998 include the caspian sea and oil politics , the wars in the caucasus , kosovo , security in east - central europe , ukrainian nation - building , the osce , ethnic violence , citizenship in the baltics , the hungarian and russian - speaking diasporas , and many more . videos / films . the convention intends to show short videos ( 10-15 minutes ) , integrated into regular panels , as well as medium - and full-length videos or films , as special events . we welcome suggestions and proposals for videos and films focussing on east - central europe or the former soviet union . all correspondence should be sent to the program chair , dominique arel ( address below ) . location . as has been the case since the beginning , the convention will be hosted by the harriman institute at columbia university , in the international affairs building , 420 w . 118th st . , new york . schedule . the convention will begin on thursday , april 15th , at 1 pm , and ends saturday , april 17th in early evening . contrary to previous years , there will be no panels on sunday , and the dates do not coincide with the jewish and orthodox religious holidays , which take place earlier in the month . panel / roundtable / roundtable proposals . there is no particular application form to fill out . the vast majority of proposals were e-mailed to the program chair last year , but proposals sent by fax or regular mail are also accepted . for instructions on the proposals , see the """""""" application information """""""" below . all proposals must be sent to the program chair , dominique arel ( address below ) . registration . registration fees are $ 25 for asn members , $ 40 for non - members ( $ 20 for east european non - members ) and $ 10 for students . registration will be waived for students if they become first-time asn members ( at the student rate of $ 25 ) . all panel participants have to register by march 18th , 1998 . membership subscription to asn . a yearly membership to asn is $ 45 , and $ 25 for students . members receive the quarterly nationalities papers , analysis of current events ( ace ) , the bi-annual asnews , and a registration discount at the asn annual convention . beginning in 1999 , asn members will also have the option of subscribing to europe - asia studies at the cut-rate of $ 52 yearly . membership forms are available at the asn head office , c / o oded eran ( see address below ) . funding . participants are responsible for seeking their own funds to cover all travel and accommodation costs . asn is unable to assist participants financially , including applicants from eastern europe . accommodation . asn has a list of several recommended hotels , some in the $ 55 - $ 75 price range , others in the $ 100-120 area . for further information , please contact the convention coordinator oded eran ( address below ) . advertisements / exhibitors . several dozen companies had exhibits and / or advertised in the convention program in 1998 . due to considerations of space , advertisers and exhibitors are encouraged to place their order early . for information , please contact the convention coordinator oded eran ( address below ) . web site . our web site will soon provide continuously updated information on the asn convention : < http : / / library . pace . edu / asn . we look forward to seeing you at the convention ! dominique arel , program chair oded eran , convention coordinator application information asn is accepting proposals for panels , roundtables , or individual papers . there is no particular form to fill out . proposals can be emailed ( preferably ) , faxed or mailed to the program chair ( address below ) . proposals for panels with presentations based on papers must include : * a chair , no more than three paper-givers and a discussant * the title of the panel and of the three papers * the affiliation , postal address , telephone , fax , and email ( very important ) of all participants * a one-paragraph cv of the participants proposals for roundtables must include : * a chair and no more than four presentors * the title of the roundtable * the affiliation , postal address , telephone , fax , and email ( very important ) of all participants * a one-paragraph cv of the participants proposals for individual papers must include : * the title and a one - or two-paragraph abstract of the paper * the affiliation , postal address , telephone , fax , and email ( very important ) of the applicant * a one-paragraph cv of the applicant if audio-visual equipment is required , please indicate so . as before , applicants must abide by three golden rules : * no participant may be listed more than once on a given panel or roundtable * no participant may present more than one paper at the convention * no participant may appear more than twice in the convention program the proposals must be sent to dominique arel ( address below ) . email applications are accepted . deadline for proposals : 10 december 1998 dominique arel asn convention program chair watson institute brown university , box 1970 two stimson ave . providence , ri 02912 401 863 9296 tel 401 863 1270 fax darel @ brown . edu oded eran asn convention coordinator harriman institute columbia u . 1215 iab , columbia university 410 w . 118th st . new york , ny 10027 212 854 6239 tel 212 666 3481 fax asn @ columbia . edu = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
  """",0
  2097,""""Subject: varieties of english
   
   second international conference on major varieties of english maven ii lincoln university campus , england september 9-11 , 1999 conference theme : the english language today : functions and representations plenary speakers : nicholas coupland ( university of wales , cardiff ) eric fudge ( university of reading ) salikoko mufwene ( university of chicago ) robert phillipson ( university of roskield ) the main aim of the conference is to profile the changing global presenceof english and the resulting effects on developments and changes in the language today . paper proposals are invited on all aspects of the use of major varieties of english today , in particular on the following themes : formal and functional developments and changes in english mediated uses of english international profile of english english and corporate culture english language in literature english and world communication competing target varieties fo learners text and corpus analysis etc . submission of paper proposals abstracts of paper proposals should be no more than 250 words in length , and should be double spaced . please submit three copies , one with name , affiliation and personal details ( address for correspondence , phone / fax numbers , e . mail address ) . please mention at the bottom what area or theme you believe your abstract covers ( e . g . pragmatics , media language , dialectology , political sociology etc . ) send abstracts to reach no later than dec . 30th 1998 to : p . b . nayar faculty of arts and technology lincoln university campus brayford pool lincoln , ls6 7ts united kingdom abstracts may also be submitted as an attachment to e . mail ( one copy with all information required ) to : pnayar @ ulh . ac . uk or atate @ humber . ac . uk or ljohnson @ lincoln . ac . uk papers should be targeted for a half-hour slot , of which at least 10 minutes will be reserved for post-presentation discussion . so the available time for actual paper presentation will be 20 minutes . notification of acceptance will be made by march 15 , 1998 lincoln university has an attractive , modern campus with excellent facilities , on a scenic location in the historic cathedral city of lincoln . lincoln is well connected by rail and road from london ( 120 miles ) manchester ( 90 miles ) and nottingham ( 40 miles ) . accommodation the registration package includes two nights in very modern , comfortable on-campus rooms with ensuite bath and self-catering facilities at very moderate prices . an additional night will cost 15 . there are also several hotels in the city within walking distance from the campus . the cost ranges from 50 to 80 per night . registration full conference package : registration + on campus accommodation for two nights + two breakfasts 150 registration only : 120 daily registration : 45 conference dinner on 10 / 9 / 99 25 ( optional ) all rates include lunch ( es ) and refreshments on the days of attendance . there will be a late surcharge on registrations received after june 1 , 1999 all presenters will receive detailed information package . for enquries and additional information , contact : the conference secretary - maven ii faculty of arts and technology lincoln university campus brayford pool lincoln , ln6 7ts u . k . tel : + 44 1522 886251 fax : + 44 1522 886021 e . mail : pnayar @ ulh . ac . uk atate @ humber . ac . uk ljohnson @ lincoln . ac . uk information and updates also available on our website at www . ulh . ac . uk / communications
  """",0
  2098,""""Subject: multilingual ocr ( optical character recognition )
   
   * * * first call for participation * * * international workshop on performance evaluation issues in multilingual ocr ( optical character recognition ) sunday , september 19 , 1999 , bangalore , india ( just before icdar ' 99 - - int ' l conf . on document analysis and recognition ) workshop chairs tapas kanungo university of maryland , college park , md usa henry s . baird xerox parc , palo alto , ca usa organizing committee badr al-badr king abdulaziz city , saudi arabia torsten caesar siemens electrocom , germany bhabatosh chanda isi calcutta , india doug cooper southeast asian software research center , thailand andreas dengel dfki , germany steve dennis u . s . government , usa xiaoqing ding tsinghua university , p . r . china david doermann university of maryland , usa michel gilloux service de recherche technique de la poste , france robert m . haralick university of washington , usa tin kam ho bell laboratories , lucent technologies , usa donna harman national institute for standards & technology , usa jonathan hull ricoh crc , usa fumitaka kimura mie university , japan hsi - jian lee national chiao tung university , r . o . china seong - whan lee korea university , korea tomohiko morioka japan advanced institute for science & tech . , japan s . p . mudur national center for software technology , india yasuaki nakano shinshu university , japan kris popat xerox parc , usa philip resnik university of maryland , usa a . lawrence spitz document recognition technologies , usa rohini srihari cedar , suny buffalo , usa ching y . suen concordia university , montreal , canada yuan yan tang hong kong baptist university , china vadim tereschenko abbyy software house , russia jun tsukumo nec , kanagawa , japan toru wakahara ntt human interface laboratories , japan technical focus this workshop will explore evaluation methodologies for multilingual ocr systems . by ` multilingual ' we mean to include systems that are capable of reading more than one language in the same document , as well as one-language - per-document systems that can be easily retargeted to new languages . we hope to bring together researchers from many countries to discuss these and related questions : - - what methodologies should be used to evaluate multilingual ocr systems ? how do we compare accuracies across languages ? - - what ground-truthed data sets are now available in various languages ? what kind of datasets need to be collected ? how is this to be achieved ? which organizations might be willing to support such an the effort ? - - what multilingual ocr evaluation tools and error visualization tools are available or should be developed ? - - what ocr evaluation methods and metrics will be useful for ocr - based machine translation and cross-language information retrieval ? - - what are the most pressing open research problems , promising dissertation topics , etc ? workshop format this will be a one-day workshop for a maximum of 70 participants . each participant will submit an extended abstract which will be distributed at the workshop . all participants are expected to contribute to the discussions . at the outset of the workshop , three volunteers will present brief , informal summaries of the i ) methodologies , ii ) corpora , and iii ) tools mentioned in the submitted abstracts . then we will split up into three working groups , focused on these topics , and proceed to discuss key issues , attempt to resolve questions , compile lists of resources , and draw up recommendations . finally , in a plenary session , representatives of each group will present their recommendations and invite general discussion . there will be several opportunities for informal discussion and socializing . after the workshop , the organizing committee will compile a workshop summary , based on the working group notes , and make it available on the web . it is hoped that the workshop will stimulate cooperative follow-on activities that will accelerate the pace of research in multilingual document image analysis . extended abstract submission each potential participant or group of participants should submit an extended abstract , electronically via e - mail ( in plain ascii ) , no later than march 30 , 1999 to : tapas kanungo center for automation research university of maryland college park , md 20742 e - mail : mlocr @ cfar . umd . edu the abstract should include the name , address , telephone , fax , and email address of the author ( s ) . it should ordinarily be limited to six printed pages including references ( no figures , please ) . longer submissions may be admitted in special cases , e . g . for catalogues of resources . accepted abstracts will be distributed at the workshop and posted on the workshop website . workshop website http : / / www . cfar . umd . edu / ~ kanungo / workshop / mlocr . html
  """",0
  2099,""""Subject: eacl ' 99 student cfp
   
   we are pleased to announce the first call for student papers for eacl ' 99 ( bergen , norway 8 - - 12 june 1999 ) . the call ( text version below ) can be found at http : / / www . ims . uni-stuttgart . de / eacl99 - student / the conference home page is at http : / / www . hit . uib . no / eacl99 / the student session programme committee jonas kuhn , student chair atro voutilainen , faculty co-chair - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * eacl ' 99 call for student papers * * * student sessions at the 9th conference of the european chapter of the association for computational linguistics eacl ' 99 june 8 - 12 , 1999 university of bergen bergen , norway http : / / www . ims . uni-stuttgart . de / eacl99 - student / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - purpose : the goal of these sessions is to provide a forum for student members to present work in progress and receive feedback from other members of the computational linguistics community . the sessions will consist of paper presentations by student authors . the accepted papers will be published in a special section of the conference proceedings . note that the existence of the student sessions does not influence the treatment of student-authored papers submitted to the main conference . rather , the aim of the student sessions is to provide a separate track emphasizing students ' work in progress rather than completed work . requirements : papers should describe original , unpublished work in progress that demonstrates insight , creativity , and promise . topics of interest are the same as for the main conference . papers submitted to the main conference cannot be considered for the student sessions . students may , of course , submit different papers to the main conference and the student session , or papers on different aspects of a particular problem or project . note that for papers presenting joint work , all co-authors have to be students . format for submission : the maximum allowable length is 3 pages ( about 1800 words ) , including references . papers should be headed by a title page containing the paper id code ( see below ) , title , a short ( 5 line ) summary , up to three general keywords specifying the subject area ( e . g . , """""""" french syntax , machine translation """""""" ) , the word count ( excluding figures and bibliography ) and a notice of multiple submission , if required . since reviewing will be ` blind ' , the title page of the paper should omit author names and addresses . furthermore , self-references that reveal the authors ' identity ( e . g . , """""""" we previously showed ( smith , 1991 ) . . . """""""" ) should be avoided . instead , use references of the form """""""" smith previously showed ( 1991 ) . . . """""""" care should be taken to avoid obvious giveaways in the bibliography such as listings for unpublished in-house technical reports . papers outside the specified length and / or without an id code are liable to rejection without review . to identify each paper , an id code must be acquired by filing an electronic paper registration form : http : / / www . ltg . ed . ac . uk / eacl99 / register . html on successful completion of this form an id code will be sent to the designated author by e-mail . media of submission : authors may submit their papers electronically or in hard copy . electronic submission is strongly preferred . electronic submissions should be either self-contained latex source , postscript or pdf ( we encourage latex submissions ) . postscript submissions must use a standard font . latex submissions should not refer to any other external files or styles except for the standard styles for tex 3 . 14 and latex 2 . 09 . the bibliography for a latex submission cannot be submitted as separate . bib file ; the actual bibliography entries must be inserted in the submitted latex source file . we strongly recommend the use of acl - standard latex : http : / / www . ltg . ed . ac . uk / eacl99 / style / eaclsub . sty ( plus bibstyle acl . bst ) or word style files ( msword _ template . rtf ) for the preparation of submissions . these styles include a place for the required information such as id code and word count , and allow for a graceful transition to the style required for publication . if you cannot use the acl - standard styles directly , a description of the required format is at http : / / www . ltg . ed . ac . uk / eacl99 / style / substyle . html . if you cannot access this web page , send email to eacl99 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk with subject substyle for an automatic reply . electronic submissions should be sent to eacl99 - student @ ims . uni-stuttgart . de hard copy submissions should consist of four ( 4 ) paper copies of each paper ( printed on both sides of the page if possible ) should be submitted to the following address : eacl ' 99 student session c / o jonas kuhn ims , univ . stuttgart azenbergstr . 12 70174 stuttgart germany enquiries to the student session committee by email at eacl99 - student @ ims . uni-stuttgart . de . schedule : submissions must be received by 18 january 1999 . late submissions ( those arriving on or after 19 january 1999 ) will not be considered . acknowledgements will be emailed soon after receipt . notification of acceptance will be sent to authors ( by email ) by 10 march 1999 . camera - ready copies of final papers prepared in a double-column format , preferably using a laser printer , must be received at the main programme committee in edinburgh by 19 april 1999 , along with a signed copyright release statement . detailed formatting guidelines will be provided to authors with their acceptance notice . the student paper sessions will take place during the main conference on 9-11 june 1999 . venue and local organisation : the conference will be held in bergen , norway from 8 through 12 june , 1999 . see the conference home page http : / / www . hit . uib . no / eacl99 / for local arrangements information . the local arrangements committee is chaired by koenraad de smedt . the local arrangements committee can be reached at : humanities information technologies university of bergen alligaten 27 5007 bergen norway phone : + 47 5558-8008 fax : + 47 5558-9470 email : eacl99 @ uib . no student session committee : the student session committee is co-chaired by atro voutilainen ( university of helsinki ) and jonas kuhn ( university of stuttgart ) . atro voutilainen jonas kuhn department of general linguistics ims , univ . stuttgart p . o . box 4 azenbergstr . 12 fin-00014 university of helsinki 70174 stuttgart finland germany phone : + 358 9 191 23 507 ( office ) phone : + 49-711 - 121-1354 fax : + 358 9 191 23 598 fax : + 49-711 - 121-1366 email : atro . voutilainen @ helsinki . fi jonas @ ims . uni-stuttgart . de timetable : 1999 18 jan submitted student papers due in stuttgart 10 mar decisions on programme sent to authors 19 apr final versions of papers due in edinburgh 9-11 jun student sessions at conference in bergen
  """",0
  2100,""""Subject: conceptual structures
   
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - first call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - seventh international conference on conceptual structures iccs ' 99 http : / / www . ee . vt . edu / ~ iccs99 / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - july 12-15 , 1999 virginia tech blacksburg , virginia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - theme : knowledge science and engineering with conceptual structures since 1993 , iccs has been the annual conference and principal forum for theorists and practitioners in conceptual structures . we invite all researchers and users of conceptual structures , knowledge representations , ontologists , formal logics and related disciplines to participate in iccs ' 99 . previous conferences on conceptual structures have spanned theory , application and the demonstration of software tools . iccs ' 99 looks to extend this foundation with knowledge engineering using conceptual structures . conceptual structures , based in the conceptual graphs introduced by john sowa , are rooted in semantic networks and the existential graphs of c . s . peirce . conceptual structures have been widely used in several domains , such as natural language processing , knowledge based systems , knowledge engineering and database design , among others . researchers have developed a sizable software base and continue to build upon it . our particular desire for iccs ' 99 is to encourage presentation of software tools and interesting applications of conceptual structures . the iccs proceedings are published in the springer verlag lecture notes in artificial intelligence series . references of previous iccs are # 699 ( quebec city , 1993 ) , # 835 ( washington d . c . , 1994 ) , # 954 ( santa cruz , 1995 ) , # 1115 ( sydney , 1996 ) , # 1257 ( seattle , 1997 ) , and # ( montpelier , 1998 ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - important dates presentation page submission deadline december 23 , 1998 paper submission deadline january 1st , 1999 paper notification of acceptance march 10 , 1999 camera ready papers due april 10 , 1999 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - topics of interest papers are invited on all topics concerning conceptual graphs and other graphical knowledge representation languages , including , but not limited to : case studies and applications software tools and systems theory of conceptual structures conceptual structures and formal logic epistemology and history of conceptual structures knowledge representation relationships with other knowledge representation formalisms algorithms and complexity reasoning and learning with conceptual structures storage and retrieval of conceptual structures natural language processing knowledge acquisition knowledge engineering and modeling ontologies and formal concept analysis cognitive psychology using conceptual structures - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - submission guidelines three categories of papers are defined : 1 ) theory and analysis , 2 ) applications ( use of conceptual structures in significant applications ) and 3 ) tools ( tools for conceptual structures ) . in each category , three types of papers are considered : a ) major reports ( long papers ) - - substantial papers with new results , b ) research notes ( short papers ) - - work-in - progress or very specific results , and c ) position papers ( letters ) . major reports in application and tool categories should be based on running implementations . demonstrations of running implementations during the conference will be encouraged . research notes may be based on partial implementations or designs . position papers allows individuals to report on current activities and conjectures within the area defined by the call for papers without the need for presenting results . all submitted papers must be in english . major reports are limited to 14 standard size pages in length , single spaced , including title , author names and affiliations , abstract , figures and references . research notes are limited to 7 pages with the same constraints . position papers are limited to 1 page . authors have to specify the category ( s ) and the type of their submitted paper . according to the referee reports , changes of category or type may be required . all accepted papers are published in the same proceedings . registration of one of the authors will be required with the final version of an accepted paper . submitted papers must be received on or before january 1st , 1999 . a separate presentation page is requested earlier ( december 23 , 1998 ) . the presentation page should contain the following information : the title , category ( theory and analysis , applications , or tools ) and type ( major report or research notes or position paper ) of the paper , the names , affiliation and e-mail addresses of all authors , the postal address of one author chosen as the corresponding author , one or two keywords chosen in the topics of interest list , possibly additional phrases describing the content if the available keywords do not fit well , and an abstract . a form for the presentation page will be provided on iccs ' 99 web site in due time . authors may also send the presentation page in plain text format through electronic mail , to iccs99 @ monmouth . edu . papers are submitted electronically , using postscript format . please make sure that your paper is entirely printable from the postscript file . if you encounter any problem , please contact the program chair ( btepfenh @ moncol . monmouth . edu ) . special sessions in addition to the main conference , there will be a special session on the sisyphus / conceptual graphs initiative i . papers are to be submitted separately . questions concerning this special track are to be referred to prof . guy mineau at mineau @ ift . ulaval . ca or dr . dickson luckose at lukose @ brightware . com . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - organizing committee general chair walling cyre virginia tech , blacksburg , virginia , usa cyre @ vt . edu program chair william m . tepfenhart at&t laboratories , new jersey , usa monmouth university , new jersey , usa btepfenh @ moncol . monmouth . edu ( 732 ) 571-3480 honorary chair john f . sowa suny at binghamton , usa sowa @ west . poly . edu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  2101,""""Subject: """""""" signs , music , society """""""" ( vienna , 1999 / 03 / 12-14 )
   
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - c a l l f o r p a p e r s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - """""""" signs , music , society - a transdisciplinary colloquium """""""" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - march 12-14 , 1999 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - organized by the institute for socio - semiotic studies isss , vienna in co-operation with mediacult , vienna - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > keywords / fields involved semiotics of music , musical signification , music / communication , music in / and society ; semiotics , musicology , literary studies , media studies , theatre studies , cultural studies . . . - > invitation - abstracts : please send your suggestions until december 15 , 1998 , in the form of an abstract of 10 to max . 15 lines , indicating author 's name , title of the lecture , all relevant addresses ( office , home ) and technical coordinates ( fax , phone , e-mail , etc . ) . the lectures should not exceed 30 minutes + 15 minutes discussion . please direct your letter , fax or e-mail message to the isss . we will reply within 14 days . congress languages : english , german . - > institut fur sozio - semiotische studien isss jeff bernard waltergasse 5 / 1 / 12 , 1040 wien phone + fax : + 43 - 1-5045344 e-mail : < gloria . withalm @ uni-ak . ac . at > - > introductory remarks : the * colloquium * - announcing by this term that intensive discussion should be a major feature of the meeting - intends to convene scholars from semiotics , in general , and musical semiotics , in particular , and from many disciplines ( such as musicology , sociology , psychology , ethnology , philosophy , communication studies , media studies , cultural studies literary studies , comparative studies , and other related fields ) . our goal is to investigate theoretical and especially practical problems of musical signification in all types of music . the platform to enable inter - and transdisciplinary exchange and discussion shall be provided by semiotics , i . e . the theory of signs , while the aim to describe and to examine the social relevance of musical production , distribution , and consumption , as indicated by the formula """""""" signs , music , society """""""" , asks for focussing on fields like pragmatics , socio-semiotics , musical communication , context dependence , and the like . by this , it shall also be tried to transcend the somewhat isolated position of musicology , musical aesthetics , and musical theory within the humanities , i . e . , by showing that even the problems of the study of musical structures , musical forms and technical systems , musical signification and musical aesthetics are indispensably linked with socio-practical features and conditions : the meaning of music cannot be fully examined and understood without taking account of its syntacto-semantic as well as pragmatic dimensions . in such view , one cannot neglect either , that musical meaning is very often unfolded in composite signs systems ( word and music , dance , film , musical theatre , and other forms of art , as well as feasts , liturgies , rituals , etc . ) , and in different media ( discs , tapes , broadcasts , av - media , and now even """""""" new """""""" electronic media ) . the latter point stresses the problem of musical reproduction detached from its original performance in space and time , and how this influences , or changes , musical meaning . it stresses , moreover , the problems of disposal and ( cultural as well as economical ) hegemony . when the """""""" sociality """""""" of music and musical signification becomes of central interest , there also appears the question of their """""""" historicity """""""" , not so much in terms of traditional history of music , but as an indicator of ( particularly present-time ) cultural , social , sociological , medial , technological , etc . change , or , in other words : the diachronic viewpoint - hitherto not a main focus of musical semiotics - is as important , and in many respects even more important , for the study of musical meaning as the synchronic one . the examination of """""""" codes """""""" needs to be complemented by a thorough investigation of code changes including all presuppositions and consequences . in this framework , we want to invite scholars from all over the world to join us for discussing questions of musical semiosis , texts , representation , functions , impact , communication , experience and related topics from the viewpoint of their """""""" sociality """""""" as well as """""""" historicity """""""" . has there ever been a """""""" day the music died """""""" , as a famous lyric once claimed ? - > special information : one section with the particular topic """""""" what is ' austrian ' music ? """""""" will be organized by our partner , mediacult - international research institute for media , communication , and cultural development . - > publication : the results of the colloquium will be published either as a special issue of one of our journals ( _ s - european journal for semiotic studies _ or _ semiotische berichte _ ) or ( depending on the final size ) as a book in our series """""""" s - addenda . semiotic studies """""""" . expecting to welcome you heartily in vienna jeff bernard ( director isss ; secr . gen . iass ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - jeff bernard ( iass-ais secretary general ) institute for socio - semiotic studies isss waltergasse 5 / 1 / 12 , a-1040 vienna , austria phone + fax + 43 - 1-5045344 e - mail : gloria . withalm @ uni-ak . ac . at 7th iass-ais congress 1999 / 10 / 6-11 technical university dresden """""""" http : / / www . tu-dresden . de / sulifg / semiotics """""""" = call for papers iass-ais homepage http : / / vhf . msh-paris . fr / escom / ais / aisindex . html - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  2102,""""Subject: pkdd ' 98
   
   pkdd ' 98 - - 2nd european symposium on principles of data mining and knowledge discovery nantes , france september 23-26 , 1998 http : / / www . sciences . univ-nantes . fr / pkdd98 data mining and knowledge discovery in databases ( kdd ) have emerged from acombination of many research areas : databases , statistics , machinelearning , automated scientific discovery , inductive logic programming , artificial intelligence , visualization , decision science , and high performance computing . while each of these areas can contribute in specific ways , kdd focuses on the value that is added by creative combination of the contributing areas . the goal of pkdd ' 98 is to provide a european - based forum for interaction among all theoreticians and practitioners interested in data mining . interdisciplinary collaboration is one desired outcome , but the main long-term focus is on theoretical principles for the emerging discipline of kdd , especially on kdd - specific principles that go beyond each contributing area . both theoretical and applied submissions are sought . reviewers will assess the contribution towards the principles of kdd , in addition to the usual requirements of relevance , novelty , clarity and significance . applied papers should go beyond an individual application , presenting an explicit method that promises a degree of generality within one or more stages of the discovery process , such as preprocessing , mining , visualization , use of prior knowledge , knowledge refinement , and evaluation . theoretical papers should demonstrate how the proposed theoretical contribution advances the discovery process . the following non-exclusive list exemplifies topics of interest : data and knowledge representation for data mining * beyond relational databases : new forms of data organization * data reduction * prior domain knowledge and use of discovered knowledge * combining query systems with discovery capabilities statistics and probability in data mining * discovery of probabilistic networks * modelling knowledge uncertainty * discovery of exceptions and deviations * statistical significance in large-scale search * the problems of over-fit logic - based perspective on data mining * inference of knowledge from data * exploring different subspaces of first order logic * rough sets in data mining * boolean approaches to data mining * inductive logic programming for mining real databases * pattern - recognition for data mining * the use of tolerance ( similarity ) relations in data mining * kdd - motivated discretization of data * discovery of approximate schemes of reasoning from data man - machine interaction in data mining * visualization of data * visualization of knowledge * interface design * interactive data mining : human and computer contributions artificial intelligence contributions to kdd * representing knowledge and hypotheses spaces * search for knowledge and its complexities * combining many methods in one system * data mining in distributed / multiagent systems high performance computing for data mining * hardware support for kdd * parallel discovery algorithms and complexity * distributed data mining * scalability in high dimensional datasets * from concept learning to concept discovery * expanding the autonomy of machine learners * embedding learning methods in kdd systems * conceptual clustering in knowledge discovery * applications of scientific discovery systems to databases * scientific hypothesis evaluation that transfers to kdd * hypothesis spaces of scientific discovery applied in kdd * differences between the data handled in both fields * kdd applications on scientific databases * decomposition of large data tables quality assessment of data mining results * multi - criteria knowledge evaluation * benchmarks and metrics for system evaluation * statistical tests in kdd applications * usefulness and risk assessment in decision-making applications of data mining and knowledge discovery * medicine : diagnosis and prognosis * control theory : predictive and adaptive control , model identification * engineering : diagnosis of mechanisms and processes * public administration * marketing and finance * data mining on the web in text and heterogeneous data * natural and social science * prediction and intervention use of knowledge * fraud detection interaction between symbolic kdd methods and neural nets * interpretation of knowledge accumulated in a trained nn * hybrid nn / symbolic kdd systems * nn architectures for higher transparency and interpretability submitted papers should be in english and not exceed 10 single-spaced pages of 12pt font ( excluding title page but including tables , figures and bibliography ) . submissions exceeding this limit will not be reviewed . a separate title page should begin with title , authors , affiliations , surface and e-mail addresses , and an abstract of about 200 words . submitted papers should preferably be formatted according to the lnai guidelines . latex and word style files are available at http : / / www . sciences . univ-nantes . fr / pkdd98 / styles . the following items must be submitted by may 15th , 1998 : an electronic version of the paper ( uuencoded and compressed postscript ) , and an electronic version of the titlepage in plain ascii format . four hard copies of the paper by regular mail are also accepted if electronic submission is not possible . all items should be sent to the following addresses : * regular mail : mohamed quafafou - pkdd ' 98 conference ( see full address below ) * electronic mail : pkdd98 @ irin . univ-nantes . fr all accepted for regular and poster presentations will be published by springer verlag as part of the ` ` lecture notes in artificial intelligence ' ' ( lnai ) series . important dates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - submission deadline : may 15th , 1998 notice of acceptance : june 15th , 1998 camera ready papers : july 5th , 1998 panel discussions : proposals are sought for panels that stimulate interaction between the communities contributing to kdd . include title , the main goals , prospective participants and a summary of the topics to be discussed . submission to zytkow @ uncc . edu by may 15th , 1998 . notification of acceptance by june 15th , 1998 . tutorials : proposals are solicited for tutorials that : ( 1 ) transfer know-how and provide hands-on experience , ( 2 ) combine two or more areas ( e . g . rough sets and statistics , high-performance computing and databases , etc ) , or ( 3 ) cover application domains such as finance , medicine , or automatic control . submission to zytkow @ uncc . edu by may 15th , 1998 . notification of acceptance by june , 15th , 1998 . demonstrations of software for data mining and knowledge discovery are invited , including both commercial and experimental systems . send descriptions to quafafou @ irin . univ-nantes . fr by july 15th , 1998 . program co-chairs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - jan zytkow , mohamed quafafou , dept . of computer science irin , 2 rue la houssiniere unc charlotte bp 92208 - 44322 charlotte , nc 28223 nantes cedex 03 usa france zytkow @ uncc . edu quafafou @ irin . univ-nantes . fr program committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - pieter adriaans ( syllogic , netherlands ) pawel bradzil ( u . porto , portugal ) henri briand ( irin u . nantes , france ) leo carbonara ( british telecom . , uk ) a . fazel famili ( iit-nrc , canada ) ronen feldman ( bar ilan , u . israel ) patrick gallinari ( u . paris 6 , france ) jean - gabriel ganascia ( u . paris 6 , france ) attilio giordana ( u . torino , italy ) david hand ( open u . , uk ) bob henery ( u . strathclyde , uk ) mikhail kiselev ( megaputer intelligence , russia ) willi kloesgen ( gmd , germany ) yves kodratoff ( u . paris 11 , france ) jan komorowski ( norwegian u . sci . & tech . ) nada lavrac ( josef stefan inst . , slovenia ) heikki mannila ( u . helsinki , finland ) steve muggleton ( oxford u . , uk ) zdzislaw pawlak ( warsaw technical u . , poland ) gregory piatetsky - shapiro ( knowledge stream , boston , usa ) lech polkowski ( u . warsaw , poland ) mohamed quafafou ( irin u . nantes , france ) zbigniew ras ( unc charlotte , usa ) lorenza saitta ( u . torino , italy ) wei - min shen ( u . so . california , usa ) arno siebes ( cwi , netherlands ) andrzej skowron ( u . warsaw , poland ) derek sleeman ( u . aberdeen , uk ) nicolas spyratos ( u . paris 11 , france ) shusaku tsumoto ( tokyo medical & dental u . , japan ) raul valdes - perez ( cmu , usa ) thierry van de merckt ( belgium ) rudiger wirth ( daimler - benz , germany ) stefan wrobel ( gmd , germany ) ning zhong ( yamaguchi u . , japan ) wojtek ziarko ( u . regina , canada ) djamel a . zighed ( u . lyon 2 , france ) jan zytkow ( unc charlotte , usa ) + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + | mohamed quafafou | | irin , 2 rue la houssiniere tel : ( + 33 ) 240 37 49 75 < < < < < < new < < < | | bp 92208 - 44322 fax : ( + 33 ) 240 37 49 70 | | nantes cedex 03 mail : quafafou @ irin . univ-nantes . fr | | france . | + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ +
  """",0
  2103,""""Subject: comparative slavic morphosyntax
   
   call for papers indiana university invites you to submit abstracts to a workshop ( funded by the u . s . department of education ) on comparative slavic morphosyntax the workshop will be held at canyon inn , in mccormick 's creek state park , spencer , indiana ( near bloomington ) on friday - sunday 5 - 7 june 1998 . papers are solicited in response to five invited """""""" position papers """""""" : leonard babby : """""""" voice and diathesis in slavic """""""" zeljko boskovic : """""""" wh - phrases and wh-movement in slavic """""""" greville corbett : """""""" agreement in slavic """""""" steven franks : """""""" clitics in slavic """""""" gilbert rappaport : """""""" noun phrases in slavic """""""" these position papers are intended to summarize the variation in data across the slavic languages , define the """""""" state of the art """""""" in existing analysis for each area , communicate innovations and on-going research , and identify an agenda for future investigation . as such , they are meant to serve as springboards for discussion , rebuttal , response , and debate . this call for papers solicits responses in two categories : 10 minute presentations ( + 5 minute discussion ) or 20 minutes ( + 10 minute discussion ) . you may respond to one or several position papers , but must submit an advance abstract for each response ; there is no set limit on the number of responses which may be accepted from any one individual . the position papers can be downloaded via the internet in platform-independent pdf , ps , and html formats ( the html versions will be posted last ) from : < http : / / www . indiana . edu / ~ slavconf / linguistics / index . html > if you cannot download or use electronic versions of the position papers , you may request a printed copy of any of the papers from the address below . however , however , in view of our limited budget and staff resources , we urge you to utilize the electronic versions if possible . proposals for reponses may be submitted to the address below . abstracts should be no more than one page , including examples and references . include your name and affiliation directly on the abstract , and please attach a card with your name , address , e-mail , phone , title , and position paper to which you are responding . please send 4 copies of each abstract , and indicate the length category for your response . we will also accept submissions via email to < slavconf @ indiana . edu > or fax ( to 1-812 - 855-2107 ) . paper submission is preferable , however , as these abstracts will be used as camera-ready copy in making the abstract book for the workshop . deadline for receipt of abstracts : 24 april 1998 . registration for the conference will be free of charge for all participants , but we regret that our budget does not permit us to underwrite travel or local expenses . information about travel and accommodations will be provided later via announcements and our www page . a volume of proceedings will be published by slavica publishers . all requests for information , inquiries about position papers , and abstracts should be sent to : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * george fowler [ email ] gfowler @ indiana . edu dept . of slavic languages [ dept . tel . ] 1-812 - 855-9906 / - 2608 / - 2624 ballantine 502 [ dept . fax ] 1-812 - 855-2107 indiana university [ home phone / fax ] 1-317 - 726-1482 / - 1642 bloomington , in 47405-6616 usa [ slavica phone / fax ] 1-812 - 856-4186 / - 4187 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  2104,""""Subject: final call : penn ling . colloquium
   
   * * call for papers * * the penn linguistics club announces the twenty - third annual penn linguistics colloquium saturday 27 february and sunday 28 february 1999 invited speaker : angelika kratzer , university of massachusetts we welcome papers on any topic in linguistics and related fields . this year 's colloquium will feature a special session on applications of constraint based approaches in any of the subfields of linguistics , including but not limited to phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics-pragmatics , computational linguistics , sociolinguistics , historical linguistics , and language acquisition . speakers will have twenty minutes for their presentation and five minutes for discussion and questions . prospective speakers should submit three copies of their abstract no later than tuesday 1 december 1998 to : the penn linguistics colloquium committee department of linguistics 619 williams hall university of pennsylvania philadelphia pa 19104-6305 abstracts should be no longer than 2 pages in a 12 - point font with 1 - inch margins and should be accompanied by an index card including your name , affiliation ( department and institution ) , address , e-mail address and the subfield of linguistics ( or related discipline ) that you find most appropriate to your topic . in particular , please indicate whether you would like your paper to be considered for inclusion in the special session . no more than one single and one joint abstract per author may be submitted . submissions by e-mail in ascii or latex to plc23 @ babel . ling . upenn . edu are welcome . proceedings of the conference will be published as a volume of the penn working papers in linguistics . authors who present papers agree to submit a camera-ready copy of their paper by may 31 , 1999 . if you have further questions , please contact us at the above address or via e-mail at plc23 @ babel . ling . upenn . edu . the colloquium web page can be found at http : / / www . ling . upenn . edu / ~ nrh / plc23 . html sincerely , the colloquium committee
  """",0
  2105,""""Subject: logic , language , and information / students
   
   the esslli ' 99 student session august 9-20 , 1999 , utrecht , the netherlands deadline : march 15th , 1999 http : / / www-ensais . u-strasbg . fr / todirascu / esslli-fr . html we are pleased to announce the student session of the 11th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli ' 99 ) organized by the university of utrecht under the auspices of the european association for language , logic and information ( folli ) and located at the university of utrecht in august 1999 . we will welcome submission of papers for presentation at the esslli ' 99 student session and appearance in the proceedings . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = purpose : this is going to be the fourth esslli student session and it will provide , like the other editions , an opportunity for esslli participants who are students to present their own work in progress and get feedback from their colleagues and fellow-students . it is desired that papers presenting creative and innovative ideas will be submitted . the esslli ' 99 student session encourages submissions from students at any level , from undergraduates - before completion of the master thesis as well as postgraduates - before completion of the phd degree . we will not accept papers co-authored by non-students . as in the previous editions , the esslli ' 99 student session will consist of paper presentations . the esslli ' 99 student session has its own timeslot in the school 's schedule : 60 minutes every day for two weeks , provided that a sufficient number of good quality papers is accepted . each presentation will last 30 minutes ( including 10 minutes of discussion ) . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = requirements : the student session papers should describe original , unpublished work , completed or in progress that demonstrates insight , creativity , and promise . no previously published papers should be submitted . papers will cover topics within the six esslli subject areas ( logic , linguistics , computation , logic&linguistics , logic&computation , linguistics&computation ) . the accepted papers will be published in the esslli ' 99 student session proceedings , which will be made available during esslli ' 99 , together with the readers of the courses . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = format of submission : student authors should submit an anonymous extended abstract headed by the paper title , not to exceed 5 pages of length exclusive of references and a separate identification page ( see below ) . note that the length of the full papers will not be allowed to exceed 10 pages . since reviewing will be blind , the body of the abstract should omit author names and addresses . furthermore , self-references that reveal the author 's identity ( e . g . , """""""" we previously showed ( smith , 1991 ) . . . """""""" ) should be avoided . it is possible to use instead references like """""""" smith ( 1991 ) previously showed . . . """""""" . to identify each paper , a separate identification page should be supplied containing the paper 's title , the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , the author ( s ) s ' affiliation and complete address ( s ) a short ( 5 lines ) summary and a specification of the subject area to which the paper belongs . the subject areas considered are : logic , linguistics , computation , logic&linguistics , logic&computation , and linguistics & computation . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = media of submission and formatting requirements : the student authors should submit their papers electronically to : amalia @ liia . u-strasbg . fr amalia @ thor . infoiasi . ro for any submission a plain ascii text version of the identification page should be sent separately by email , using the following format : title : < title > author : < name of the first author > address : < affiliation and address of first author > . . . author : < name of the last author > address : < affiliation and address of last author > short summary ( 5 lines ) : < summary > subject area ( one of ) : logic | linguistics | computation | logic and linguistics | logic and computation | linguistics and computation please always submit the identification page in a separate message . the submission should be in one of the following formats : - self - contained latex source ( the most encouraged ) - postscript - ascii text you can find more information about submission requirements at : http : / / www-ensais . u-strasbg . fr / liia / todirascu / esslli-fr . html = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = esslli ' 99 student session information : in order to present a paper at esslli ' 99 student session , every student author has to register as a participant at esslli ' 99 . however , authors of accepted papers will be eligible for a reduced registration fee . for all information concerning esslli ' 99 please consult the esslli ' 99 web site : http : / / esslli . let . uu . nl = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = important dates : deadline for submission : march 15 , 1999 notifications : may 16 , 1999 final version due : june 15 , 1999 esslli ' 99 student session : august 9-20 , 1999 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = programme committee for the esslli ' 99 student session : chairwoman : amalia todirascu ( university """""""" al . i . cuza """""""" of iasi and ensais strasbourg ) area co-chairs : - language and computation : richard moot ( university of utrecht ) - computation : dirk nowotka ( turku center for computer science ) - logic : quintijn puite ( university of utrecht ) - language : esther kraak ( university of utrecht ) - logic and computation : catherine piliere ( uhp-loria , nancy ) - logic and language : fabien reniers ( university of utrecht ) if you have specific questions about the student session please do not hesitate to contact the chair . amalia @ liia . u-strasbg . fr amalia @ thor . infoiasi . ro computer science department university """""""" al . i . cuza """""""" of iasi 16 , berthelot str . iasi 6600 romania and ( until 17th december 1998 ) laboratoire d ' informatique et d ' intelligence artificielle ecole nationale suprieure des arts et d ' industrie strasbourg 24 , bd . de la victoire 67084 strasbourg cedex france
  """",0
  2106,""""Subject: generative approaches to language acquisition
   
   - * - * - * - * - * - * - call for papers - * - * - * - * - * - * - gala ' 99 generative approaches to language acquisition 1999 university of potsdam , germany september 10-12 , 1999 invited speakers : - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - stephen crain ( university of maryland ) roberta golinkoff ( university of delaware ) celia jakubowicz ( laboratoire de psychologie experimentale paris ) juergen meisel ( university of hamburg ) thomas roeper ( university of massachusetts , amherst ) virginia valian ( hunter college ) abstract submission : - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - abstracts are invited for papers or posters on all topics in the field of language acquisition including : bilingualism input & interaction language disorders morphology neurolinguistics phonology semantics syntax speech perception & production paper presentations will be 30 minutes long ( including questions ) . you can submit an abstract by e-mail or by regular mail . abstracts for papers or posters should be no longer than 1 page . please indicate on the abstract , whether it is a paper presentation or a poster . abstract submission by e-mail : - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - please use plain text if possible , and use the subject name : """""""" abstract """""""" . the e-mail should be addressed to : gala99 @ ling . uni-potsdam . de at the top of the abstract , please include the names and affiliations of all the authors , and the e-mail of the author who will handle correspondence . please leave several blank lines between this information and the abstract proper ( title and text ) , to facilitate anonymous review . abstract submission by regular mail : - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - send 3 copies of a one page abstract to the postal address below . omit name and affiliation . please include an extra copy of the abstract with the following information : - title of the paper / poster - name ( s ) of the author ( s ) - address and affiliation - e-mail address submissions by regular mail should be sent to : gala ' 99 linguistics department university of potsdam postfach 14415 d-14415 potsdam germany deadline for submissions : march 1 , 1999 - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - for additional information please see : http : / / www . ling . uni-potsdam . de / gala99
  """",0
  2107,""""Subject: 2nd annual computational linguistics research colloquium
   
   call for papers 2nd annual cluk research colloquium ( cluk = computational linguistics u . k . ) january 11th - 12th 1999 university of essex the cluk colloquia aim to offer phd students in natural language processing and related disciplines an opportunity to present and discuss their work with members of the wider research community . the colloquia are organised as mini-conferences . candidates submit an abstract , which is refereed by the cluk programme committee . presentations are held in conference style sessions , to which senior established researchers are invited . the 2nd annual cluk research colloquium will be held at the university of essex , on monday 11th and tuesday 12th of january 1999 . this year , we are pleased to announce two invited speakers to the event : professor johanna moore ( university of edinburgh ) dr rens bod ( university of leeds ) details can be found on < http : / / cswww . essex . ac . uk / staff / udo / cluk . the pages will be updated on an ongoing basis . for more information about the university of essex , the campus and how to get there , see < http : / / www . essex . ac . uk / about / main . html - call for papers : dates and format authors are requested to submit a 500 word abstract of their presentation ( including name , address , email address and title ) to : anne de roeck department of computer science university of essex . wivenhoe park colchester co4 3sq email : deroe @ essex . ac . uk submissions as emailed ascii text are preferred , but hardcopy format will be accepted . submission deadline : november 23rd notification of acceptance : december 14th abstracts will be refereed by the programme committee : anne de roeck , university of essex ( chair ) adam kilgarriff , university of brighton diana maynard , manchester metropolitan university mark moens , university of edinburgh nicholas ostler , linguacubun ltd . john tait , university of sunderland carole tiberius , university of brighton yorick wilks , university of sheffield the cluk committee will actively pursue a means of publishing selected full papers in a journal or monograph series . - local arrangements and cost the meeting will start at 11 am on january 11th , and will finish after lunch on january 12th . it is organised by the organising committee ( email : cluk2 @ essex . ac . uk ) : anne de roeck udo kruschwitz nick webb rachele winn - secretarial cost of participation is l55 and includes tea / coffee , lunches and dinner with wine . accommodation will be in local hotels . we are compiling a list of low cost accommodation in wivenhoe and colchester , which will appear on our website shortly . participants are expected to book their own accommodation , though we will provide information and assist where we can . problems should be addressed to cluk2 @ essex . ac . uk . an on-line registration page will be added to our website shortly .
  """",0
  2108,""""Subject: linguistic theory in eastern european languages ( clite1 )
   
   announcing clite 1 the first conference on linguistic theory in eastern european languages to be organized by the phd program in theoretical linguistics of the university of szeged , hungary , 19-21 april , 1998 , immediately following the annual glow meeting at tilburg . keynote speakers are : michael brody ( ucl and hungarian academy of sciences ) """""""" mirror theory and the hungarian verbal complex """""""" maria - luisa rivero ( university of ottawa ) , """""""" stylistic verb movement in slavic and the balkan area """""""" olga miseska tomic ( university of novi sad ) title tba ( topic : south slavic languages ) the official language of the conference is english . one - page abstracts are expected to be sent by february 28 to the following e-mail address : szecsenyi @ hung . u-szeged . hu or by ordinary mail to : """""""" clite 1 """""""" , jate alt . nyelv . tsz . egyetem u . 2 . , szeged , h-6722 hungary fax : 36-62 - 321843 http : / / www . arts . u-szeged . hu / dep / genlinguistic / clite / clite1 . html registration fee is us $ 40 . 00 , which includes a reception , midday meals and refreshments . a limited number of grants covering registration , accommodation and meals are available particularly to students and linguists from eastern europe . grants should be applied for as soon as possible but february 28 the latest . reasonable priced accommodation is offered at local hotels , but inexpensive lodging especially for low-budget participants is also available . szeged is a city of 170 , 000 in southern hungary , and a two-hour train-ride away from the capital , budapest . the conference venue is the centrally located 180 - year old academy building . on behalf of the organizing committee , istvan kenesei
  """",0
  2109,""""Subject: lexical semantics workshop - - esslli ' 99
   
   esslli-99 workshop on lexical semantics and linking in constraint-based theories august 16-20 , 1999 a workshop held as part of the 11th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli-99 ) august 9 - 20 , 1999 , utrecht , the netherlands * * first call for papers * * organiser : valia kordoni ( university of tuebingen ) background : in recent years , there has been an increasing interest among syntacticians in the interface between syntax and word meaning . in constraint-based theories like lfg and hpsg , this interest has led to the development of the lexical mapping theory ( lmt ) and the hierarchical lexicon models , respectively . having as a common starting point their recognition for the importance of word classes for the interface between syntax and lexical semantics , lmt and the hierarchical lexicon models vary both ontologically , and in the range of linguistic phenomena they attempt to explain , some of which include , but in no way are they limited to , the following : - split intransitivity phenomena ( unaccusative vs . unergative verbs ) - variation among verbs of emotion and location - subcategorization alternations and the linking of indirect arguments - morpholexical processes , including causative verbs - complex predicates - symmetric predicates the aim of the workshop is to provide a forum for researchers and advanced ph . d . students to present and discuss approaches on empirical and formal issues related to the syntax - lexical semantics interface in the frameworks of lfg and hpsg . the workshop intends to continue the series of courses and workshops on lexical semantics and on the interactions between morphology , syntax and semantics held at previous summer schools . it is also dedicated to support inter-framework discussions , since it is focussing on the lexical semantics and linking components of both lfg and hpsg . workshop format : the workshop will consist of five sessions with two 30 + 10 - minute presentations in each session . submissions : all researchers in the area , but especially ph . d . students and young researchers , are encouraged to submit a two-page abstract either as hardcopy or electronically ( postscript only ) . submissions should be sent until february 15 , 1999 . notification of acceptance will be given to contributors around april 15 , 1999 . contributors of accepted papers will be asked to provide an extended abstract ( 10 pages ) in latex format to be included in a summer school reader . the deadline for the submission of the extended abstracts is may 31 , 1999 . submissions should be sent to the following address : valia kordoni universitaet tuebingen seminar fuer sprachwissenschaft kleine wilhelmstr . 113 d-72074 tuebingen germany korder @ sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de registration : workshop contributors will be required to register for esslli-99 , but they will be eligible for a reduced registration fee . important dates : feb 15 , 99 : deadline for submissions apr 15 , 99 : notification of acceptance may 31 , 99 : deadline for final copy aug 16 , 99 : start of workshop further information : the workshop will take place in association with the 11th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli ) to be held in utrecht , the netherlands ( 9-20 august 1999 ) . the main focus of the european summer schools in logic , language and information is the interface between linguistics , logic , and computation . the esslli summer school is organized under the auspices of the european association for logic , language and information ( folli ) . foundational , introductory and advanced courses together with workshops cover a wide variety of topics within six areas of interest : logic , computation , language , logic and computation , computation and language , language and logic . previous summer schools have been highly successful , attracting around 500 students from europe and elsewhere . the school has developed into an important meeting place and forum for discussion for students and researchers interested in the interdisciplinary study of logic , language and information . to obtain further information about esslli-99 please visit the esslli-99 home page at http : / / esslli . let . uu . nl /
  """",0
  2110,""""Subject: collective agent based systems
   
   call for papers esslli - workshop on foundations and applications of collective agent based systems ( cabs ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = workshop held in the section ' computation ' as part of the ' eleventh european summer school in logic , language and information ' esslli-99 august 16-20 , 1999 , utrecht , the netherlands program committee : wiebe van der hoek ( utrecht university ) john - jules meyer ( utrecht university ) cees witteveen ( delft university ) mike wooldridge ( university of london ) invited speaker : christiano castelfranchi , university of siena organisers : wiebe van der hoek ( utrecht university ) wiebe @ cs . uu . nl john - jules meyer ( utrecht university ) jj @ cs . uu . nl cees witteveen ( delft university ) witt @ cs . tudelft . nl questions concerning the workshop may be addressed to any of the organizers . background : this workshop concerns the description of , specification of and reasoning about collective agent-based systems , i . e . multi-agent systems in the sense of co-ordinated networks of autonomous agents . typical issues to be addressed are logic-based approaches to communication , synchronisation co-ordination , co-operation , conflict handling and negotiation , collective intentions / goals , goals and commitments . other topics include incident handling and fault-tolerant behaviour of such systems . finally , applications of collective agent-based systems in e . g . transportation , trade and e-commerce will be subject of discussion in the workshop . keywords : - theories , logics and specification formalisms for multi - agent systems - models for agent communication , co-ordination , co-operation , competition , collective intentions , contracts , delegation , ( social ) commitment , roles etc . - models and specification of emergent behaviour - theories for agent negotiation and argumentation - coalition formation - conflict handling / resolution - models and methods for conflict resolution - multi-agent programming - approaches dealing with incident handling and fault-tolerance in mas - applications in e . g . transport , trade and e-commerce how the workhsop will be organised : the workshop will consist of five sessions ( 90 min . each ) of presentation and discussion of contributed papers . it will take place during the second week esslli - summer school and will be open to all members of the lli - community . submissions : all researchers in the area , but especially ph . d . students and young researchers , are encouraged to submit an abstract ( hard copy or e-mail ) of not more than 12 pages to the following address : wiebe van der hoek department of computer science po box 80089 3508 tb utrecht the netherlands wiebe @ cs . uu . nl summary of dates : march 15 , 99 : deadline for submissions may 1 , 99 : notification of acceptance may 31 , 99 : deadline for final copy aug 9 , 99 : start of esslli ' 99 aug 16 , 99 : start of workshop registration : workshop contributors will be required to register for esslli-99 . further information : to obtain further information about the workshop , please go to http : / / pds . twi . tudelft . nl / cabs / esslli _ 99 . htm the esslli-99 home page is at http : / / esslli . let . uu . nl /
  """",0
  2111,""""Subject: deseret language and linguistic society
   
   call for papers : 1999 deseret language and linguistics society symposium the 25th annual deseret language and linguistics symposium ( dlls ) invites papers in all areas of linguistics and language for our 1999 symposium to be held on february 18th and 19th , 1999 . this year 's plenary speaker is john r . searle , professor emeritus of philosophy at the university of california at berkeley . to apply , please submit a dlls proposal form including an abstract for review of no more than 250 words by email or regular mail by friday , december 11 , 1998 to either alan _ manning @ byu . edu or alan manning linguistics department 2129 jkhb brigham young university provo , ut 84602 more information about the society and the symposium ( including the proposal submission form ) can be readily accessed at : http : / / english . byu . edu / societies / dlls
  """",0
  2112,""""Subject: israeli theoretical linguistics assoc 15th annual meeting : 1st cfp
   
   the 15th annual meeting - - - israeli association for theoretical linguistics iatl 15 june 16-17 1999 haifa university , haifa invited speakers : mark aronoff ( suny , stony brook ) ( second speaker to be announced ) iatl 15 , the 15th annual meeting of the israeli association for theoretical linguistics , will be held in haifa university , haifa on june 16-17 , 1999 . submissions are invited for papers presenting high quality , previously unpublished research in all areas of theoretical linguistics . iatl publishes a working papers-style proceedings in which all accepted and alternate papers appear . please send 7 copies of an anonymous abstract ( maximum length 2 pages ) accompanied by a card with author 's name , affiliation , e / snail-mail , and title of paper to : iatl 15 , linguistics programme , department of english , the hebrew university , jerusalem 91905 israel . deadline : feb 8 , 1999 . electronic submission ( . ps format only ) is possible . not more than one single-authored abstract per person , plus one co-authored abstract . important dates : febuary 8 , 1999 : abstract submission deadline march 25 , 1999 : notification to authors of acceptance june 16-17 , 1999 : iatl conference further information from : msjihad @ mscc . huji . ac . il iatl 15 will be held adjacently to pragma 99 and to bifsai 6 . pragma 99 , to be held during june 13-15 , 1999 at tel aviv university and the hebrew university of jerusalem is an interdisciplinary international conference on pragmatics and negotiation bringing together pragmaticists , linguists , philosophers , anthropologists , sociologists and political scientists . among the plenary speakers : elinor ochs ( ucla ) , itamar rabinovitch ( tel aviv university ) , emanual schegloff ( ucla ) , thomas schelling ( university of maryland ) , deborah schiffrin ( georgetown university ) , deborah tannen ( georgetown university ) , ruth wodak ( university of vienna ) . for further information contact : pragma99 @ post . tau . ac . il bifsai 6 is the sixth biennial symposium on the foundations of artificial intelligence , to be held on june 23-25 , 1999 in ramat gan , israel . the symposium is international in scope , with invited lectures by leading researchers and contributed papers on foundations of ai . the invited speakers for bisfai-99 include stan rosenschein of stanford university and leo joskowicz of hebrew university . you may contact bisfai @ cs . ciu . ac . il for further information , or visit the bisfai-99 website at http : / / www . cs . biu . ac . il : 8080 / ~ bisfai . this site is mirrored in the united states at http : / / www-formal . stanford . edu / leora / bisfai
  """",0
  2113,""""Subject: lexicon
   
   linguistics association of canada and the united states the twenty-sixth lacus forum to be held at the university of alberta edmonton , alberta , canada august 2nd - 7th , 1999 featured lecturers : joan bybee , univesity of new mexico wallace chafe , uc santa barbara conference theme : the lexicon abstracts are invited on any topics relating to the lexicon , including those listed below , but abstracts on other linguistic topics will also be considered : lexical semantics the mental lexicon relationships of lexicon and syntax relationships between lexical and conceptual information relationships between lexical and morphological information relationships between lexical and phonological information the cortical representation of lexical information diachronic lexicology : the lexicon through time conceptual categories and lexical categories cognitive treatments of lexical information lexical functions lexicalization idiomaticity abstracts should be anonymous ( no indication of the author ) and should : l - have an informative but brief title 2 - clearly state the problem to be addressed or the research questions raised by prior studies . 3 - state the main point ( s ) or argument ( s ) of the proposed presentation , with relevant data if possible . if the paper is empirically based , state specific hypotheses and at least an outline of results obtained . 4 - show relevance to other work or to linguistic research . 5 - give references to literature cited in the abstract . submit abstracts via e-mail with 3 camera-ready copies simultaneously sent via snail mail to the addresses below . those without e-mail available should send 16 hard copies via snail mail . each author should also send by snail mail a 3x5 """""""" card bearing name , addresses ( especially e-mail ) affiliation , phone , title of paper , audio-visual equipment required ( an overhead projector will regularly be available ) , eligibility for prizes , time desired ( normally 15 or 25 minutes plus discussion time ) , and identification of one or more topics under which the paper falls ( from above list , or specify if another ) . proposals for panels jor special sessions - - identifying proposed participants - - are also welcome . please contact ruth brend or syd lamb right away with your ideas ( see addresses below ) . the annual presidents ' predoctoral prize ( $ 100 ) and postdoctoral prize ( $ 500 - - for young untenured scholars ) will be awarded to the best papers in each category ( only single-authored presentations considered ) . limited funds to assist scholars coming from countries with weak currencies may be available . for information contact the conference committee chair . submit abstracts & proposals to : ruth brend , chair , lacus conference committee , 3363 burbank dr . , ann arbor , mi 48105 , usa ( tel . 313-6652787 ; fax 313-6659743 ; e-mail , rbrend @ umich . edu ) . deadline for receipt of abstracts : january 15 , 1999 . the university of alberta , the second largest english speaking university in canada , is located in edmonton , a cosmopolitan and ethnically diverse city of almost a million people located just a few hours drive from the magnificent canadian rockies ( about 4 hours to jasper and about 5 hours to banff - - the drive is easy and breathtakingly beautiful ) . quite reasonable hotel accommodations will be available at the edge of campus , within easy walking distance to the conference rooms . accommodations will also be available on campus . restaurants can be found both on and at the periphery of campus , while downtown edmonton is accessible via the subway . further information will be sent to all lacus members and to nonmember authors of accepted abstracts in march . conference committee : ruth brend , michigan state university ( emerita ) , chair angela della volpe , california state university , fullerton sydney lamb , rice university gary prideaux , university of alberta lois stanford , university of alberta address questions about the conference to : ruth brend < rbrend @ umich . edu > syd lamb < lamb @ rice . edu > address questions about alberta to : gary prideaux < gary . prideaux @ ualberta . ca > , lois stanford < lstanfor @ maildrop . srv . ualberta . ca >
  """",0
  2114,""""Subject: conference on turkic languages
   
   call for papers the first manchester conference on turkic languages 6 - 7 april 1999 , university of manchester the north - west centre for linguistics and the research group on central asia and the caucasus are pleased to announce their first joint conference on turkic languages . papers are invited on all areas of linguistics from researchers who work on turkic languages . papers will be 35 minutes long with 10 minutes discussion time . there will also be a poster session . proceedings are planned to be published as a part of a series on turkic linguistics . please send your abstracts ( of around 500 words with a selective bibliography ) not later than 1 february 1999 to : cigdem balim - harding coordinator , research group on central asia and the caucasus department of middle eastern studies , university of manchester manchester m13 9pl , uk tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 275 3069 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 275 3264 email : cigdem . balim @ man . ac . uk conference details will shortly appear on the web page for the rgcac : http : / / www . art . man . ac . uk / mes / asia . htm
  """",0
  2115,""""Subject: language technology in multimedia information retrieval
   
   14th twente workshop on language technology language technology in multimedia information retrieval december 7 - 8 1998 , university of twente , the netherlands program and call for participation on 7 and 8 december 1998 , the fourteenth international twente workshop on language technology ( twlt14 ) will take place at the university of twente , enschede , the netherlands . the topic of this workshop will be """""""" language technology in multimedia information retrieval """""""" twlt14 will focus on the increasingly important role of human language technology in the indexing and accessing of written and spoken documents , video material and / or images , and on the role of language technology for cross-language retrieval and information extraction . the workshop will address the role of language and speech processing both in terms of existing approaches and implementations , in terms of theoretical foundations , and / or emerging directions of research . http : / / wwwseti . cs . utwente . nl / parlevink / conferences / twlt14 . html program : monday 7 december 09 : 00 registration 10 : 00 opening session 1 : cross - language ir 10 : 15 hans uszkoreit , dfki """""""" cross - language information retrieval : from naive concepts to advanced applications """""""" 10 : 45 paul buitelaar , klaus netter and feiyu xu , dfki """""""" integrating different strategies for cross - language retrieval """""""" 11 : 15 break 11 : 30 franciska de jong and djoerd hiemstra , university of twente """""""" cross - language retrieval : from design to implementation . """""""" 12 : 00 david hull , xerox grenoble """""""" information extraction from bilingual corpora and its application to machine - aided translation """""""" 12 : 30 lunch session 2 : nlp , ie / ir and multimedia 14 : 00 arjen de vries , university of twente """""""" mirror : multimedia query processing in extensible databases """""""" 14 : 30 doug appelt , sri international """""""" an overview of information extraction and its applications to information retrieval """""""" 15 : 00 break + demos 16 : 00 paul van der vet , university of twente """""""" combining linguistic and knowledge - based engineering for information retrieval and information extraction """""""" 16 : 30 karen sparck - jones , cambridge university ( nl + ir ) """""""" information retrieval : how far will * really * simple methods take you ? """""""" 17 : 30 drinks tuesday 8 december session 3 : video and image processing 09 : 00 stanley peters , stanford university """""""" methods and tools """""""" 09 : 30 andres salway and khursid ahmad , university of surrey """""""" talking pictures : indexing and representing video with collateral text """""""" 10 : 00 wim van bruxvoort , vda informatiebeheersing """""""" pop - eye : language technology for video retrieval """""""" 10 : 30 break 11 : 00 istar buscher , swr """""""" going digital at tv - archives : new dimensions of information management for professional and public demands """""""" 11 : 30 arnold smeulders , university of amsterdam """""""" vision and language , the impossible connection """""""" 12 : 00 kees van deemter , university of brighton ( picture retrieval ) """""""" retrieving pictures for document generation """""""" 12 : 30 lunch session 4 : speech retrieval 14 : 00 steve renals , university of sheffield """""""" the thisl spoken document retrieval system """""""" 14 : 30 wessel kraaij / joop van gent , tno-tpd """""""" phoneme based spoken document retrieval """""""" 15 : 00 break closing session 15 : 30 jaime carbonell , carnegie mellon university """""""" information novelty and the mmr metric in retrieval and summarization """""""" 16 : 00 discussion 16 : 30 closing the regular workshop fee is dfl . 175 , - and covers a copy of the proceedings , lunches , coffee and tea during the breaks , and an informal reception . students may apply for a reduced fee . the workshop secratariat can make hotel reservations . more information on the workshop as well as a registration form can be found at http : / / wwwseti . cs . utwente . nl / parlevink / conferences / twlt14 . html twlt14 is organised in cooperation with the parlevink - project of the university of twente by : klaus netter - dfki , germany email : netter @ dfki . de franciska de jong - university of twente , computer science department email : fdejong @ cs . utwente . nl djoerd hiemstra - university of twente , computer science department email : hiemstra @ cs . utwente . nl for further information please contact the organisers , or the workshop secretariat : department of computer science / parlevink university of twente phone : + 31 53 4893680 p . o . box 217 , fax : + 31 53 4893503 7500 ae enschede the netherlands email : twlt14 @ cs . utwente . nl
  """",0
  2116,""""Subject: negation in slavic languages
   
   call for papers workshop on the syntax and semantics of slavic negation may 1 - 2 , 1999 during 32nd poznan linguistic meeting ( plm ' 99 ) poznan , poland april 30 - may 2 , 1999 invited speakers ( to be confirmed ) : eva hajicova , charles university , prague maria luisa rivero , university of ottawa abstracts are invited for 30 - minute talks on all aspects of ( morpho ) syntax and semantics of negation in slavic languages ( also comparing slavic negation to that in other languages ) from any theoretical perspective . the official language of the workshop will be english . we have tentatively arranged with slavica publishers for publishing a volume of selected papers presented at the workshop . further details will be announced at the workshop . abstract requirements : abstracts should be no more than one standard size page in length with the option of including an additional page for data and references . abstracts should be in at least 10 - point type with 1 - inch margins , single-spaced . they should be anonymous . the preferred way of submitting an abstract is via email . abstracts should be sent to the following address : adamp @ sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de acceptable formats are : pure ascii , postscript , tex , latex , latex2e , rtf , also gzipped uuencoded versions thereof . please , send in a separate email the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , address for correspondence , and the title of the paper . alternatively , 3 copies of the abstract , accompanied by a separate card stating the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliation , address , and the title of the paper , should be sent to : adam przepiorkowski ipi pan ul . ordona 21 01-237 warszawa poland abstracts should be received not later than on february 12 , 1999 . important dates : submission deadline : 12th february 1999 acceptance notification : 14th march 1999 programme announcement : 1st april 1999 workshop : 1st - - 2nd may 1999 participation : anybody intending to participate ( including the speakers ) should register for the poznan linguistic meeting ( plm ' 99 ) . the first circular will be sent separately by the organizers of plm ' 99 . any inquiries should be sent to the address below . - - , adam przepiorkowski - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - universitaet tuebingen , gk ils | seminar fuer sprachwissenschaft | wilhelmstr . 113 | office : ( + 49 7071 ) 2972741 d-72074 tuebingen | home : ( + 49 7071 ) 62410 germany | email : adamp @ sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - www : http : / / www . sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de / ~ adamp / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  2117,""""Subject: mla 98 call for papers ( division of applied linguistics )
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for papers ( second call - - deadline : march 2 , 1998 ) modern language association 1998 convention division on applied linguistics san francisco , california 27-30 december 1998 the division on applied linguistics is sponsoring three separate sessions . session 1 : second language fluency : definitions and issues while reference to """""""" l2 fluency """""""" is common , informed discussion about its definition , measurement and acquisition is rare . this session explores both theoretical issues and research on l2 fluency in speech , reading or writing . session 2 : technology in second language learning : what does research tell us ? this session explores the consequences of using computer technology in language instruction . papers should report on original research or make connections between research , theory , and teaching practice . session 3 : emotion and language : implications for language learning this session presents recent research on the relationship between affect and language learning . papers should report on original research or make connections between research , theory , and teaching practice . one - page blind abstracts accompanied by a card with the presenter 's name , address , telephone number , fax number , and e-mail address should be sent to : richard kern dept . of french university of california , berkeley berkeley , ca 94720-2580 fax ( 510 ) 642-2194 e-mail : kernrg @ uclink . berkeley . edu deadline for receipt of abstracts : march 2 , 1998 faxed and e-mail submissions will be accepted but should be followed up by a hard-copy submission . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  2118,""""Subject: discourse studies - call for papers
   
   first announcement and call for papers . . . . . discourse studies . interdisciplinary journal for the study of text and talk editor : teun a . van dijk ( university of amsterdam ) a new journal edited by teun van dijk entitled discourse studies is due for publication in february 1999 . this multidisciplinary forum will publish outstanding work on the structures and strategies of written and spoken discourse , reviewed by an internationally renowned editorial board . while contributing to new developments at the cutting edge of theory and method , its articles will also be accessible to students and other newcomers to each area of specialization . although intended as a broadly conceived forum for the best international work on discourse in any field and specialization , discourse studies will especially focus on cross-disciplinary studies of text and talk in linguistics , anthropology , ethnomethodology , cognitive and social psychology , communication studies and law . articles that specifically deal with critical socio-political issues are especially welcome in sage 's companion journal discourse & society . call for papers as from april 1998 , high quality papers that fall within the scope and meet the criteria outlined above are welcome . please contact the editor : teun @ let . uva . nl ( for any other information contact louise harnby at sage publications : louise . harnby @ sagepub . co . uk )
  """",0
  2119,""""Subject: glot international vol 3 , issue 8
   
   table of contents glot international , vol . 3 , issue 8 editors : lisa cheng and rint sybesma < mailto : glot @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl > state - of-the - article structure for coordination , part ii by ljiljana progovac """""""" it is not accidental that there have been attempts to bring conjunction and adjunction under the same umbrella : both are recursive , and both seem deficient without the other . for example , adjunction is the only operation that creates a phrase without a head . """""""" column recent issues in linguistics elan dresher hidden codes in the hebrew bible ? """""""" he suggested that these conclusions were based on purely scientific criteria which , as it turned out , happened to be in accord with the account presented in the book of genesis . """""""" dissertations non - verbal predication and head movement by andrew carnie ( mit , 1995 ) , reviewed by peter svenonius the copy theory of movement and linearization of chains in the minimalist program by jairo nunes ( maryland , 1995 ) , reviewed by hans - martin grtner book reviews the architecture of the language faculty by ray jackendoff ( mit press , 1997 ) , reviewed by elizabeth a . cowper goodies the cd extinct south african khoisan languages reviewed by bonnie sands extra the number of death a linguistic mystery in eight installments by chris sidney tappan chapter 7 : an unexpected problem . . . and a invitation to write a squib for the squib section which will be inaugurated next year ! check our website ! < http : / / www . hagpub . com / glot . htm > holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
  """",0
  2120,""""Subject: a . nunn , dutch orthography
   
   new from holland academic graphics : anneke nunn dutch orthography a systematic investigation of the spelling of dutch words this study offers a detailed and systematic account of dutch orthography and its relation to the linguistic system . it reveals aspects of the spelling system that were ignored or left implicit until now , and integrates them with what was already known from prescriptive and descriptive accounts . the most important insight this study yields is that the dutch spelling system consists of two distinct components : phoneme-to - grapheme conversion rules and autonomous spelling rules . thus , the computation of spelling from sound representations is a two-step process . the investigation also shows that the phoneme-to - grapheme conversion rules for non-native words should be distinguished from the rules for native words . the autonomous spelling rules apply to both sets of lexical items alike , however . dutch spelling rules were modelled by means of a computer programme and applied to the sound representations of dutch words . 1998 . 237 pp . isbn 90-5569 - 049 - x . paperback . [ lot international series 6 . cls / catholic university of nijmegen dissertation . ] price for individuals ordering directly from holland academic graphics : hfl . 38 . 70 ( excl . vat and p&p ) . < http : / / www . hagpub . com > holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
  """",0
  2121,""""Subject: phoentics / phonology : r . goedemans , weightless segments
   
   new from holland academic graphics rob goedemans weightless segments a phonetic and phonological study concerning the metrical irrelevance of syllable onsets weightless segments deals with a specific question that arises when we regard the stress rules of quantity-sensitive languages . in these languages , vowels and coda consonants can , by virtue of their presence or absence , influence the weight of the syllable , and thus , indirectly , the location of word stress . it is common knowledge that onset consonants do not have this capacity . the question that this book , researched within the laboratory phonology framework , tries to answer is why . a phonetic explanation for the weightless behaviour of syllable onsets is sought in the durational behaviour of onset , nucleus and coda . assuming that duration is the primary phonetic correlate of phonological weight , an asymmetry in the durational behaviour of these subsyllabic constituents might explain the observed differences in potential weight . a series of production and perception experiments was conducted to reveal this asymmetry , and to explain it . a further task that is undertaken in this book is the reanalysis of a group of , mostly australian aboriginal , languages for which some degree of onset influence in their stress rules has been claimed in the past ( in defiance of the universal rule that onsets do not count ) . in the second part of this book , after a general overview of stress in aboriginal languages , it is shown that these offending languages can all be reanalysed without any reference to onset influence whatsoever . contents : 1 . introduction 2 . onset durations in production experiments 3 . the perception of syllabic duration 4 . exploratory psychophysics 5 . the role of onsets in stress rules 6 . two case studies 7 . conclusions 1998 . viii + 262 pp . isbn : 90 5569 052 x . paperback . [ lot international series 9 . hil / leiden university dissertation . ] price for individuals ordering directly from the publisher : nlg 42 . 00 ( excl . vat and p&p ) . < http : / / www . hagpub . com > holland academic graphics po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
  """",0
  2122,""""Subject: new journal """""""" language and speech """"""""
   
   toc : language and speech : journal of the linguistic society of st . petersburg ( vol . 1 , 1998 ) published annualy , in russian and english editor - in - chief : vadim b . kassevitch editorial board : v . berkov , s . bogdanov , a . bondarko , l . bondarko , a . domashnev , a . gerd , s . iljenko , n . kazansky , s . khrakovsky , yu . kleiner ( associated editor ) , a . muratov , m . sabaneeva , n . svetozarova ( managing editor ) , i . steblin - kamenskij , n . vaxtin , l . verbitskaja articles sakharny l . v . , topic - comment structures in discourse : some basic notions bondarko a . v . , a functional model of grammar ( theoretical foundations , results and perspectives ) kassevitch v . b . , ontolinguistics , typology , and the rules of language gorbov a . a . , aktionsart in its relation to the aspect wiemer b . , narrative units and chronology factors in polish and german gsell r . , on verb serialization in standard thai zimmerling a . , the story of a polemic dios luque duran , j . de posas f . , the spanish national character as mirrored in the spanish language : the worldview and the language sukhachev n . l . , kazansky n . n . , semantics and deep level indo - european reconstructions diakonoff i . m . , external connections of the sumerian language liberman a . s . , a new etymological dictionary of modern english kolesov v . v . , russian linguistics in st . petersburg : methodological foundations cherdakov d . n . a . s . shishkov and a . kh . vostokov : the relation between traditionalism and innovations in the history of russian philology khrakovsky v . s . , ogloblin a . k . , the kholodovich school bondarko l . v . , phonetics and linguistics ( 65th anniversary of the department of phonetics ) zinder l . r . , v . m . zhirmunsky and inseldialektologie steblin - kamenskij m . i . professor shcherba as an examiner reviews kurylowicz memorial volume ( kazansky n . n . ) ; the russian language of the late 20th century ( 1985-1995 ) ( iljenko s . g . , chernyak v . d . ) . conference reports 24th annual conference at the faculty of philology , university of st . petersburg ( arkhiipova e . a . , bogdanova n . v . ) ; herzen conference ( dymarsky m . ya . , chernyak v . d . ) ; classical languages and indo - european linguistics : i . m . tronsky memorial conference ( kryuchkova e . r . ) ; 16th international congress of linguists ( kassevitch v . b . ) ; 13th international conference on historical linguistics ( kleiner yu . a . , perekhval 's kaya e . v . , rusakov a . yu . , svetozarova n . d . ) ; the child language ( kazakovskaya v . v . ) . in the seminars of the linguistic society of st . petersburg
  """",0
  2123,""""Subject: conference on arabic nlp
   
   atlas99 : arabic translation and localisation symposium tunis , may 26-28 , 1999 call for papers it is one of the five official languages of the united nations , it has 260 million native speakers , and is used as a second language by a further 1 . 3 billion people . arabic is certainly one of the world 's most important languages . yet for computer users , it is a third-class language . as there are several different encodings for arabic , and very few search engines capable of handling arabic , there are few arabic - language websites on the internet , most of them just graphic images . the atlas symposium asks why this should be so , and seeks to address the problems of . . . localisation to / from arabic teleconferencing in arabic translation into / out of arabic encoding standardisation for arabic , especially unicode information retrieval in arabic internet tools ( html editors , search engines , email , etc ) for arabic arabic nlp in general we invite contributions on any of the above topics , in english or french . a 200 - word abstract together with the author 's name and affiliation should be submitted , preferably by e-mail , to atlas @ issco . unige . ch by january 25th , 1999 . acceptance will be notified by 1st march . authors unable to submit by e-mail should send hard copy to the following address : atlas symposium , issco , 54 route des acacias , ch-1227 geneva , switzerland programme committee adnane zribi , universit de tunis iii , tunisia harold somers , umist , manchester , england ludovic tanguy , issco , geneva , switzerland rafik belhadj - kacem , epos sa , france susan armstrong - warwick , issco , geneva , switzerland schedule of dates submission deadline 25 january , 1999 acceptance notification 1 march , 1999 confirmation of participation 1 april , 1999 symposium dates 26-28 may , 1999 for more information , - see : http : / / www . ccl . umist . ac . uk / staff / harold / atlas / - or send email to : atlas @ issco . unige . ch
  """",0
  2124,""""Subject: fifth annual graduate romanic association at the u . of penn .
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for abstracts * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * university of pennsylvania department of romance languages fifth annual graduate romanic association colloquium on the edge margins and marginalities on the brink of a new millenium march 27 , 1999 we are accepting abstracts for presentations * by graduate students * in hispanic , portuguese , italian , and french and francophone literatures and romance philology . works in historical linguistics and all relevant area studies are welcome . this year we encourage papers dealing with the conference theme from a broad range of perspectives . some of the more obvious perspectives are time , space , and gender , but these are certainly not the only possibilities . possible topics might include but are not limited to : - synchronicities and diachronicities - ( cutting ) edges , borders and crossings - frontiers , limits and transgressions - shifts , changes and transformations - margins and marginalities papers can be in english , french , italian , portuguese or spanish and should be able to be read in 20 minutes ( approximately eight to ten double-spaced pages ) . accepted papers may be eligible for publication in our working paper series . submit an * anonymous * abstract with a separate self-addressed , stamped envelope and a cover sheet with the following information : - the title of the paper - presenter 's name - address - telephone number - e-mail address and - academic affiliation the deadline for submission of abstracts is january 30 , 1999 . send the submission to : graduate student colloquium reading committee department of romance languages 521 williams hall university of pennsylvania philadelphia , pa 19104-6305 for more information , call ( 215 ) 898-7429 and leave a message for linda grabner - coronel or e-mail lgrabner @ mail . sas . upenn . edu or visit our website : http : / / www . sas . upenn . edu / ~ lgrabner / 99colloq . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * please feel free to repost this call for abstracts to other lists that you know of whose members might be interested . thank you . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  2125,""""Subject: languages in contact
   
   conference on languages in contact groningen university november 25-26 , 1999 first call for papers a conference on languages in contact will be held on november 25-26 , 1999 , at the university of groningen . this conference will include sessions devoted to descriptive and theoretical aspects of language contact . the aim of this conference is to discuss language contact . issues for discussion involve pidgins and creoles , minorities and their languages , diaspora situations , ' sprachbund ' phenomena , extralinguistic correlates of variety in contact situations , problems of endangered languages and the typology of these languages . we particularly welcome reports on contact phenomena between languages in russia , their survival and the influence of russian . this includes yiddish and mennonite dialects of low - german . there will be a special session devoted to this topic : languages in contact with russian . the conference will be held on the occasion of the degree of honorary doctor in st petersburg of dr tjeerd de graaf . we welcome contributions for 30 - minute presentations ( including 10 minutes of discussion ) . invited speakers , in alphabetical order : liya bondarko ( university of st petersburg ) evgenij golovko ( russian academy of sciences ) pieter muysken ( university of leiden ) sally thomason ( university of pittsburg ) abstracts should be restricted to two pages , including examples and references . two copies of abstracts should be submitted , one anonymous , and one mentioning the author 's name , affiliation , postal address and e-mail address . the deadline for submission of abstracts : april 1 , 1999 . abstracts should be sent to : the organizing committee john nerbonne , jos schaeken , dicky gilbers department of linguistics university of groningen oude kijk in ` t jatstraat 26 9712 ek groningen the netherlands information : e-mail : nerbonne @ let . rug . nl , schaeken @ let . rug . nl , gilbers @ let . rug . nl fax : + 31-50 - 3636855
  """",0
  2126,""""Subject: logic linguistics and information
   
   first announcement and call for papers esslli-99 workshop on focus and presupposition in multi-speaker discourse university of utrecht , 9-13 august 1999 context : the workshop is part of the 11th european summer school """""""" logic linguistics and information """""""" ( esslli ) , to be held in utrecht from 9-20 august 1999 . the esslli summer school is organized under the auspices of the european association for logic , language and information ( folli ) . previous esslli summer schools have been highly successful , attracting around 500 students from europe and elsewhere . the school has developed into an important meeting place and forum for discussion for students and researchers interested in the interdisciplinary study of logic , language and information . for more information on esslli ' 99 see : http : / / esslli . let . uu . nl / . workshop description : the aim of the workshop is to explore the interrelation between theories of focus , theories of presupposition and their implementation in a formal theory of dialogue . topics to be discussed include : - the relation between focus and presupposition . - the role of answer focus in formal models of questions-answer exchanges . - the treatment of presupposition in multi-speaker discourse . - the relation between deaccentuation , contextual givenness , and presupposition . - the role of focus and deaccenting in establishing discourse coherence . practical matters : paper presentations will be 45 minutes long ( including 15 minutes for discussion ) . abstracts should not exceed 1500 words , and can be submitted either by email or by regular mail . email submissions should be in postscript or plain ascii . please include """""""" esslli workshop """""""" in the subject line of your message , and send it to : bart . geurts @ mpi . nl abstract submissions by regular mail should consist of 3 copies , and be addressed to : bart geurts max planck institute for psycholinguistics postbox 310 nl-6500 ah nijmegen the netherlands workshop speakers are required to register for the summer school . however , workshop speakers will be able to register at a reduced rate to be determined by the organizing committee . dates : - deadline for submissions of abstracts : 1 march 1999 - notification of acceptance : 1 may 1999 - workshop to be held : august 9-13 for any questions , please contact the organizers : bart geurts university of osnabrueck & max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen bart . geurts @ mpi . nl manfred krifka university of texas at austin krifka @ mail . utexas . edu rob van der sandt university of nijmegen rvdsandt @ phil . kun . nl
  """",0
  2127,""""Subject: chinese and oriental language / machine translation
   
   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ call for papers ( new ) communications of colips - an international journal of the chinese and oriental languages information processing society will publish a special issue on machine translation introduction the international journal of communications of colips is devoted to the publication of original theoretical and applied research in chinese and oriental languages computing ( languages ) . in particular , this special issue focuses on the field of """""""" machine translation """""""" . in recent years , many researchers , both in academia and in industry , have taken up the challenge to build systems capable of translating oriental vlanguages and the other languages , both written text and spoken languages . this special issue is dedicated to reporting the state-of - the-art and / or state-of - the-practice in machine translation ( mt ) . original papers in all areas of research in this field , including , but not limited to , the following are invited : - methodologies for mt ( rule-based , statistics-based , knowledge-based , function-based , etc . ) - automatic or semi - automatic acquisition of translation knowledge - practical mt systems - translation aids ( translation memory , terminology databases , etc . ) - speech and dialogue machine translation - natural language analysis and generation techniques - dictionaries and lexicons for mt systems - text corpora for mt - user interfaces - evaluation techniques - mutil - linguages mt - translation corpora - mt and related technologies guidelines for submission original papers which are not submitted to , under reviewed by and published or to be published in other journals or conferences in any areas of mt are invited to this special issue for possible publication . the publication language is english or chinese . paper submissions to the special issue should be in the communications colips format . information for the format authors can be found at : http : / / www . comp . nus . edu . sg / ~ colips / commcolips / we need electronic copies in word , rtf , postscript or latex . authors should send four copies of their paper to the following special issue editor prof . ren by january 20 , 1999 : dr . fuji ren faculty of information sciences hiroshima city university 3 - 4 - 1 , ozuka - higasi , asa - minami - ku hiroshima , 731-3194 , japan tel : + 81-82 - 830-1584 fax : + 81-82 - 830-1584 or + 81-82 - 830-1792 email : ren @ its . hiroshima-cu . ac . jp important dates submission deadline : january 20 , 1999 . author notification : march 20 , 1999 . final version : may 5 , 1999 . publication : june , 1999 . special issue editor : dr . fuji ren faculty of information sciences hiroshima city university 3 - 4 - 1 , ozuka - higasi , asa - minami - ku hiroshima , 731-3194 , japan more information : updated information on the special issue as well as the communication colips is available at : http : / / www . comp . nus . edu . sg / ~ colips / commcolips / authors also can contact with chairman of colips : dr . lua kim teng school of computing , national university of singapore kent ridge road , singapore 119260 fax 65-7794580 tel 65-8742782 email : luakt @ comp . nus . edu . sg - - - - -
  """",0
  2128,""""Subject: southeast conference on linguistics
   
   secol 30th anniversary meeting spring 1999 linguistics for the twenty - first century call for papers : due december 7 old dominion university will host the spring 1999 meeting of secol , which will be held at the norfolk waterside marriott in norfolk , virginia on april 8th , 9th and 10th . we will be celebrating the 30th anniversary of the founding of the organization . the featured speakers for the spring meeting are william labov of the university of pennsylvania and walt wolfram of north carolina state university . labov will make a presentation on """""""" the triumph of southern sound changes , """""""" showing that certain elements of southern dialect are now found to be occurring throughout north america . walt wolfram 's presentation will be on """""""" the southern context ( s ) of earlier aave . """""""" based on his examination of longstanding african american communities in the pamlico sound area of north carolina , he argues that earlier african american speech was much more diverse than the contemporary version of the vernacular and explains why aave has undergone such a dramatic movement toward a normative vernacular over the last half century . in addition , natalie schilling - estes will moderate a discussion by a group of younger scholars on """""""" fieldwork for the new century , """""""" which will deal with ethical issues , approaches to fieldwork , current and emerging technologies , and fieldwork priorities for the 21st century . abstract guidelines please send six copies of an abstract of your paper - - not to exceed 300 words - - to the secol office for the consideration of the program committee . do not put your name on the abstracts so they may be judged anonymously . please copy and fill out the following form and staple it to one copy of your abstract . after the papers are refereed , we will notify you of the committee 's decisions . the abstracts must arrive at the secol office no later than 7 december 1998 . guidelines i . give the title of the paper at the top of the page . do not give your name or other identifying information . abstracts will be judged by the program committee without the knowledge of the identity of the authors . ii . the abstracts should not be longer than 300 words . they must be typewritten , double-spaced , and the copies may be xeroxed . iii . a statement of the topic or purpose of the paper should be included , preferably as the first paragraph . a . if your paper involves the analysis of linguistic materials , give appropriate examples , along with a brief indication of why they are important to your argument . b . if your paper is to present the results of experiments and you do not yet have those results , indicate the nature of the experiments and why the results will be significant . c . state the relevance of your ideas to past work or to the future development of the field . d . state your conclusion ( however tentative ) ; avoid saying things like """""""" a solution to this problem will be presented . """""""" if you are taking a stand on a controversial issue , do not simply say which side you take ; summarize the arguments that lead you to take this position . name : affiliation : mailing address : title of paper : indicate special equipment needs : all papers for this meeting should be designed for 20 minutes delivery time . abstracts must arrive at the secol office no later than 7 december 1998 . send six copies of your abstract to : marvin ching or joan weatherly southeastern conference on linguistics department of english the university of memphis memphis , tn 38152
  """",0
  2129,""""Subject: semantics / syntax : modality in saami
   
   """""""" memoires de la societe finno - ougrienne """""""" , vol . 231 : arja koskinen , toiminnan valttamattomyys ja mahdollisuus . pohjoissaamen modaalisten ilmausten semantiikkaa ja syntaksia . [ phd thesis : turku 1998 . ] ( isbn 952-5150 - 21 - 6 ) [ abstract : the necessity and possibility of action . the semantics and syntax of modal expressions in northern saami . ] 271 p . available from tiedekirja bookstore : tiedekirja @ pp . kolumbus . fi for complete backlists ( including online abstracts ) see http : / / www . helsinki . fi / jarj / sus / - - - - - - - - - johanna laakso < johanna . laakso @ helsinki . fi > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - helsingin yliopisto , suomalais - ugrilainen laitos - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http : / / www . helsinki . fi / ~ jolaakso / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  2130,""""Subject: second language acquisition
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * links & letters issue 7 : autonomy in l2 language learning call for papers contributions are welcomed for the 2000 issue of links and letters , the core of which will be devoted to the development of autonomy in l2 language learning in any of its manifestations . a large number of areas of interest are relevant to the subject : self-directed learning , self-access learning , learner training , learner strategies and strategic training , learners ' beliefs , developing autonomy accross cultures , open learning and computer assisted language learning ( including e - mail and internet applications for autonomous l2 learning ) , among others . there will also be the possibility of publishing articles of special interest in other areas of sla / applied linguistics within a miscellany section . we welcome survey articles , articles which present a debate within their field , research articles , or articles which make recent research accessible to the non-specialist . we also welcome reviews of recent books ( published since 1995 ) relevant to the issue . other proposals , such as interviews and annotated bibliographies will also be considered . * articles : between 15 and 20 written pages ( 30 lines / 60 spaces per line ) , 3 copies , in english . * reviews : maximum length 4 pages ( 30 lines / 60 spaces per line ) , 3 copies , in english . * squibs : maximum length 8 pages ( 30 lines / 60 spaces per line ) , 3 copies , in english . deadline : april 30 , 1999 . if you wish to contribute , please contact us for further style sheet / electronic format specifications : links and letters issue 7 : mia victori ( issue editor ) . departament de filologia anglesa i de germanstica , facultat de lletres , edifici b , universitat autnoma de barcelona , 080193 bellaterra , barcelona ( spain ) . phone : ( 34 3 ) 581 15 67 / 581 27 85 fax : ( 34 3 ) 581 20 01 e - mail : ilfi3 @ cc . uab . es links & letters further information : links & letters is a refereed journal in the field of english studies . each issue is organised around a topic , and the philosophy of the journal is to try to make often complex topics accessible to an interdisciplinary public . besides the articles and review sections , there is an interview section with one or more well-known scholars in the field answering questions . from issue 3 on there is a bibliography section with a selected and commented bibliography of key publications ( books and periodicals ) in the field aimed at orienting the interested reader who would like to know more . finally there is an open notes and news section : short squibs and replies to previous issues are welcome , information about forthcoming events , new publications , and anything else our readers would like to make of it . remember . . . the aims of links & letters are * to connect specialists and non specialists alike by making specialised disciplines accessible to an interdisciplinary public * to make complex areas simpler and more understandable * to be open to readers ' needs and ideas * to keep former students in touch with what 's going on in the academic world subscriptions : we welcome subscriptions at the following rate per issues 1 - 4 : 2000 ptas . ( $ 16 approx . ) , & 5 : 2700 ( $ 19 approx . ) per issue , mail charges not included . please write to links & letters ( subscriptions ) at the editor 's address or e-mail : ilfib @ cc . uab . es exchanges : we welcome institutional exchanges . enquiries should be addressed to links & letters ( exchanges ) at the above address , or e-mail : ilfib @ cc . uab . es
  """",0
  2131,""""Subject: african language association of southern africa
   
   call for papers 10th international biennial conference of the african language association of southern africa general the african language association of southern africa ( alasa ) was established on 26 july 1979 at a special business meeting during the third africa languages congress of the university of south africa ( unisa ) . in 1999 , twenty years later , the department of african languages of unisa will have the privilege of hosting the 10th international biennial conference of the african language association of southern africa in pretoria , south africa . conference theme : new millennium - new paradigms papers papers on prevalent issues within the study of literature and linguistics in african languages are invited for presentation . papers should not exceed 20 minutes followed by 10 minutes for discussion . potential speakers are requested to submit a typed two page summary of the paper with enough detail to ensure acceptance after adjudication ; and an abstract of 150 to 200 words for publication purposes before 1 march 1999 . successful applicants will be notified in mid - april 1999 . receipt of all summaries and abstracts will be acknowledged . pre-conference tutorials on 5 and 6 july 1999 various pre-conference tutorials will take place . details will be announced . registration the closing date for early registration for the conference is 30 may 1999 . registration fees will be announced in january 1999 . accommodation accommodation will be available in reasonably priced technikon guest houses on the unisa campus , as well as in other guest houses and hotels in the vicinity . details will be given in january 1999 . second circular a second call for papers as well as more details on the programme , keynote speakers , social events , transport , fees payable and so forth , will be included in the second circular in january 1999 . if you wish to receive the second circular , please reply to the relevant address below before 15 december 1998 . sonja bosch ( alasa 99 ) department of african languages unisa po box 392 0003 pretoria south africa tel : + 27-12 - 429 8253 fax : + 27-12 - 429 3355 e-mail : boschse @ alpha . unisa . ac . za www . unisa . ac . za / alasa / index . html
  """",0
  2132,""""Subject: sound patterns of spontaneous speech
   
   sposs sound patterns of spontaneous speech : production and perception aix en provence , france , 24-25 - 26 september 1998 the european speech communication association ( esca ) has identified the area of sound patterns of spontaneous speech as an important area of current research . an esca workshop is being organised in aix en provence with this focus . contributions should describe and explain spontaneous speech processes and their perception at the word , phrase and sentence level in a wide variety of languages . workshop theme : during the last decades , descriptions of spontaneous speech mainly focused on the reduction and assimilation of speech segments to adjacent segment . reduction and assimilatory processes of spontaneous speech are the products of gesture economy and physical constraints . they are also constrained by the phonetic , phonological , and prosodic specificities of languages and dialects . therefore , this workshop is aimed at contributing to the description and the understanding of the production and perception of spontaneous speech processes in various languages . the workshop will be centred around the following topics : - acoustic and articulatory analysis of spontaneous-speech processes - prosodic information and spontaneous-speech processes - perception of reduction and assimilatory processes - modelling format of the workshop : this will be an international workshop within a limited number of active participants , i . e . priority will be given to persons with accepted papers . each session will be introduced by a tutorial presentation by an invited expert . most papers will be presented in plenary sessions with time for demonstration and discussion . other papers will be presented in poster sessions followed by plenary discussions . workshop site : sposs will take place in a conference centre located in the area of aix en provence in ten minute ` s drive from aix en provence . bus transportation to and from the centre will be provided every day . detailed logistic information will be distributed to all registered participants . proceedings and languages : the contributions to the workshop will be published in a workshop proceedings which will be available to participants at the time of the workshop . as the new french law ( loi toubon ) requires , they will include french abstracts . the official languages of the workshop will be english and french . registration fees : the fee for the workshop , including proceedings , lunches , bus tranportation to and from the conference centre and the sposs reception is 1700 ff , with a 300 ff reduction for esca members . students with a certificate of their status will pay 750 ff with a 100 ff reduction for esca student members . registration for non - esca members includes a complementary membership for 1998 . important dates : march 31 , 1998 : preliminary registration and deadline for submission of title and abstract . may 15 , 1998 : notification of acceptance , imstructions for authors , information on accomodation . september 1 , 1998 : imperative deadline for early registration and for 4 page camera-ready paper . september 10 , 1998 : preliminary program e-mailed . september 24-25 - 26 : worshop . european speech communication association ( esca ) : esca is a non-profit organisation for promoting speech communication science and technology in a european context . a limited number of grants for participation is available . more information is available though : e-mail : esca @ icp . inpg . fr hrrp : / / ophale . icp . inpg . fr / esca / international scientific committee : andrew butcher ( aust ) olle engstrand ( sw ) wolfgang hess ( ger ) klaus kohler ( ger ) florien koopmans - van beinum ( ned ) bjorn lindblom ( sw ) joaquim llisterri ( sp ) francis nolan ( uk ) john ohala ( usa ) louis pols ( ned ) willy serniclaes ( bel ) jacqueline vaissiere ( fr ) organising committee : danielle duez , lpl bernard teston , lpl marie - helene casanova-rossi , lpl annie rival , lpl martin brousseau , lpl worshop secretariat : for all correspondence concerning the workshop , please use the following address : sposs att . danielle duez laboratoire parole et langage , cnrs esa-6057 universite de provence 29 , avenue robert shuman 13621 aix en provence france . phone : + 33 04 42 95 36 23 fax : + 33 04 42 59 50 96 e-mail : sposs @ lpl . univ-aix . fr furteher information will only be sent to ( preliminary ) registerd participants . updated information will also be available on : http : / / www . lpl . univ-aix . fr .
  """",0
  2133,""""Subject: sle 31
   
   call for papers , sle 31 , st andrews , scotland , 26-30 august 1998 workshop on modality in generative grammar the description and analysis of modality is of central interest to the study of human language . modality interacts with many subsystems of syntax and a better understanding of modality would further our understanding of these subsystems greatly . the relevant subsystems play a role in the existing analyses of the epistemic-deontic dichotomy . this has been attributed to : ( i ) argument structure ( e . g . ross 1969 ) : epistemic modals are one-place predicates ( corresponding to raising verbs syntactically ) , whereas deontic modals are two-place predicates ( corresponding to control verbs syntactically ) . ( ii ) insertion position : epistemic modals are generated in i , deontic modals in v ( e . g . picallo 1990 ) . ( iii ) lf position : epistemic modals are in c , deontic modals in vp ( e . g . mcdowell 1987 ) . ( iv ) nature of the complement of a modal : a definite verbal complement with epistemic modals and an indefinite verbal complement with deontic modals ( e . g . barbiers 1995 ) . v ) pragmatics : the dichotomy is contextually determined and does not correspond to a syntactic difference ( kratzer 1989 ) . many questions still need to be answered before a sufficiently adequate analysis can be developed . as for argument structure , it should be asked what evidence we have that each modal has two different argument structures . if such evidence exists , are these argument structures represented in the lexicon , as in theta-theoretic accounts , or only syntactically ? related questions concern the categorial status of modals ( a special category aux in english , but main verbs in german and dutch ) , the selectional restrictions they impose on their complement ( semantically uniform , but not syntactically : only verbal complements in english , no categorial restrictions in dutch , verbal and certain prepositional complements in german and afrikaans ) . as for their syntactic position at surface structure or lf , we need to know more about the ( scopal ) interaction of modals with negation . it is clear that there is a tight connection between modality and negation / affirmation : many languages have a modal that behaves as an negative polarity item ( english ` need ' , german ` brauchen ' , dutch ` hoeven ' ) . a related issue is the interaction of modals with focus particles , especially those that have a negative or affirmative import , such as english ` only ' or french ` bien ' . it seems that such focus particles can alter the syntactic and semantic behaviour of modals . the ( scopal ) interaction of modals with other quantifiers and modals with question operators is also in need of a better description and analysis . it has been claimed that question formation and epistemic modality exclude each other . although this does not seem to hold in general , question formation and epistemic modality do seem to restrict each other in ways that are poorly understood . the interaction of modal verbs with modal adverbials is also relevant for the determination of the syntactic position of modals , particulary in view of cinque 's ( 1997 ) hypothesis that every sentence contains two modal projections that must be either filled by a modal adverbial in the specifier or by a modal verb in the head . many languages have a construction with ` have to ' or ` be to ' that involves a modal interpretation . such constructions do not generally have an epistemic interpretation ( but consider english ` he was never to see her again ' , dutch ` het is te verwachten dat . . . ' ` it is to be expected that . . . ' ) . there are a great many cross-linguistic peculiarities on this point , which are worth exploring . for example , one question is how this type of construction , lacking a visible modal element , yields a modal interpretation . there is a more general question concerning modality : which properties of modals are necessary for modality and which are accidental ? cross - linguistically , modals often have a irregular present tense inflection paradigm . it is unclear whether this is a necessary property of modals and if so , why . the fact that english modals are auxilaries but modals in other languages are not is presumably an accidental property , and so is the fact that english modals lack infinitives and participles in their paradigm , whereas dutch modals do have infinitival and participial forms ( except for the verb ` zullen ' ` will ' ) . as it seems that the bulk of generative studies of modality involves germanic languages , we particularly invite papers on modality in romance and central european languages . organizers : sjef barbiers ( leiden ) , frits beukema ( leiden ) , olga tomic ( novi sad ) , milena milojevic sheppard ( ljubljana ) , marija golden ( ljubljana ) . please submit abstract ( 1 a4 max ) to : professor olga miseska tomic bulevar avnoja 109 / iii , stan 16 beograd yu 11070 yugoslavija e - mail : efilb01 @ yubgss21 . bg . ac . yu & dr sjef barbiers hil / department of dutch studies p . n . van eyckhof 3 leiden , nl 2300 ra the netherlands e - mail : barbiers @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl & dr frits beukema hil / department of english p . n . van eyckhof 4 leiden , nl 2300 ra the netherlands e - mail : beukema @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl closing date for submission of abstract : 15 may 1998 date of acceptance / rejection of abstract : 1 july 1998
  """",0
  2134,""""Subject: language and speech , vol 41 no 2
   
   language and speech volume 41 no 2 april - june 1998 the structure and development of french prosodic representations 117 claire gerard & juliette clement syntactic persistence in dutch 143 robert j . hartsuiker & herman h . j . kolk metrical segmentation in dutch : vowel quality or stress ? 185 hugo quene & mariette l . koster when can listeners detect disfluency in spontaneous speech ? 203 r . j . lickley & e . g . bard ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ heather b . king editorial assistant language and speech department of linguistics tel : ( + 44 ) 0131 - 650 3954 university of edinburgh fax : ( + 44 ) 0131 - 650 3962 adam ferguson building , george square e-mail : lgsp @ ling . ed . ac . uk edinburgh eh8 9ll , scotland , uk http : / / www . ling . ed . ac . uk / ~ lgsp ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
  """",0
  2135,""""Subject: semantics ; a network theory of reference , kiyoshi ishikawa
   
   a network theory of reference kiyoshi ishikawa ( hosei university ) noting specific inadequacies with truth-conditional approaches , ishikawa develops a dynamic theory of reference incorporating features of discourse representation theory , file change semantics and situation semantics , and also deals with non-monotonic belief revision . he argues that the task of natural language semantics is to describe meaning in terms of the psychological relation of language to our cognition of external reality . in his approach , a linguistic expression 's meaning is its potential to change the information state of a cognitive agent . reference is not understood as a link to a real individual external to an agent , but as the agent 's act to link a character in a linguistic frame of individuation to characters in other ( linguistic or nonlinguistic ) frames . as the target of inquiry , the distinction between referential and attributive uses of definite descriptions is analyzed through the construction of conversation scenarios . in addition , ishikawa extends his theory to an analysis of belief and attitude reports . application of the theory to cleft and pseudocleft constructions is also outlined . presented in a very accessible style , ishikawa 's theory will be of interest to scholars in cognitive science / artificial intelligence and philosophy as well as linguistics . ( perfect - bound , 139 pp . ) prepaid orders by u . s . check or money order : $ 20 . 00 + p&h : $ 3 . 50 us , $ 5 . 00 can , $ 5 . 50 other . iulc publications , 720 e . atwater ave . , bloomington , in 47401 usa email < iulc @ indiana . edu > http : / / php . indiana . edu / ~ iulc /
  """",0
  2136,""""Subject: kpelle dictionary , elizabeth grace winkler
   
   kpelle - english dictionary with english - kpelle glossary elizabeth grace winkler ( indiana university - bloomington ) this dictionary of kpelle as spoken in bong county , liberia was prepared with the assistance of clara jimmy - samba , a native speaker of the language . kpelle is part of the mande branch of the western sudanic subgroup of the niger congo family and is representative of mande languages in many ways , including the absence of noun class markers and the presence of five tonal melodies . as kplelle is not a written language , dictionary entries ( over 1 , 100 ) are given in phonetic transcription . also included are comments on the sound system and grammar of kpelle . prepaid orders by u . s . check or money order : $ 4 . 00 + p&h : $ 3 . 50 us , $ 5 . 00 can , $ 5 . 50 other . # 97101 , 101 pp . iulc publications , 720 e . atwater ave . , bloomington , in 47401 usa email < iulc @ indiana . edu > http : / / php . indiana . edu / ~ iulc /
  """",0
  2137,""""Subject: first issue of language and linguistics
   
   language and linguistics issue 1 , 1998 studies in comparative linguistics edited by moha ennaji table des matires / contents moha ennaji introduction frederick newmeyer preposition stranding : parametric variation and pragmatics fatima sadiqi the syntactic nature and position of object clitics in berber mohamed khalil ennassiri is arabic a v2 language ? andrzej zaborski personal pronoun systems and their origin in some languages of ethiopia fouad brigui les rapports associatifs saussuriens : paradigmes ou syntagmes ? moubarak hanoune la pause en arabe et categories syntaxiques ( in arabic ) for further contact , please write to : professor moha ennaji e-mail : estry @ fesnet . net . ma fax : + 212 46 08 44 university of fes faculte des lettres 1 bp 50 fes morocco for more information about the new journal , please consult : http : / / www . fesnet . net . ma / lang-ling
  """",0
  2138,""""Subject: silverman book review
   
   silverman , daniel . ( 1997 ) . phasing and recoverability . outstanding dissertations in linguistics series . new york : garland publishing . 242 pages . reviewed by stefan frisch , university of michigan . this book is a revised version of the author 's 1995 ucla dissertation . the primary thesis defended by silverman is that auditory salience plays an important role in explaining the typology of phonological segment inventories . the relative phasing of laryngeal and supralaryngeal gestures is examined as a case study . silverman demonstrates there is a typological preference for phasing patterns in which the gestures are optimally recoverable . further , he proposes that sub-optimal patterns are only found in inventories where the optimal patterns are also present . ( note that silverman does not crucially adopt the segment as a phonological primitive . he is concerned primarily with gestures and their realization in a system of syntagmatic contrasts . the terms 's egment ' and 's egment inventory ' are used only for expository convenience . ) synopsis : chapter 1 . introduction this chapter introduces the primary thesis : cross - linguistically , laryngeal and supralaryngeal gestures are phased to make their values maximally auditorily salient . silverman argues that parallel production of contrastive gestures is informationally optimal , but only if those gestures are auditorily recoverable . in cases where parallel production would make contrastive values unrecoverable , gestures are serially sequenced . for example , in aspirated stops , laryngeal abduction is sequences to follow the stop closure , resulting in broadband noise . if laryngeal abduction and stop closure were simultaneous , the state of the larynx would not be recoverable from the resulting acoustic signal ( silence ) . silverman also introduces the ' gestural score ' notation of articulatory phonology ( browman & goldstein , 1986 ) used in the description of the gestural patterns . each gestural score is accompanied by a set of temporally aligned descriptions of acoustic cues which highlight the importance of the recoverability of the gestures . the resulting segmental percept is also given , to highlight whether all of the contrastive segmental information has been effectively transmitted . using this notation , he exemplifies the four logically possible phasing patterns : parallel , sequenced , expanded , or truncated . in the parallel phasing pattern , two gestures are phased to be fully simultaneous . in the sequenced pattern , two gestures are serially ordered . in the expanded pattern , one gesture both begins before and ends after another . in the truncated pattern , one gesture is phased to be simultaneous with a portion ( beginning or end ) of another gesture . chapter 2 . previous work in this chapter , silverman reviews previous research on articulatory timing , auditory response to acoustic signals , and the relevance of auditory contrastiveness to segmental inventories . two results are of particular importance . first , a combination of auditory factors favor patterns where low intensity signals are followed by high intensity signals . second , languages employ contrasts which are maximally auditorily distinct . chapter 3 . obstruents and laryngeal gestures this chapter contains typological evidence to support silverman 's thesis . cross - linguistically , laryngeal gestures of abduction or constriction are overwhelmingly phased to follow supralaryngeal constriction , which maximizes the recoverability of both gestures . the sub-optimal pattern , where the laryngeal gesture precedes the stop release is found only when the optimal pattern is also present . for obstruents , which have a minimum of acoustic energy to work with , these are the only two phasing patterns . chapter 4 . sonorants and laryngeal gestures sonorants have a greater amount of acoustic energy , and so laryngeal gestures can overlap with supralaryngeal gestures . the most attested pattern , for languages which do have a laryngeal contrast for sonorants , is for the laryngeal gesture to be truncated to the beginning portion of the supralaryngeal gesture . parallel to the obstruent case , this phasing pattern puts the low-energy breathy or glottalized portion of the sonorant before the high-energy modally-voiced portion , maximizing auditory salience . again , the less optimal pattern truncates the laryngeal gesture to the latter portion of the supralaryngeal gesture . ordinarily , the laryngeal and supralaryngeal gestures are not completely overlapped , as contrastive supralaryngeal gestures ( such as nasal place of articulation , for example ) would be rendered non - recoverable . however , an interesting special case is found in laterals . due to the formant structure of laterals , languages generally do not have contrasts in their place of articulation . thus , in some cases ( e . g . zulu ) , contrastive laryngeal gestures are realized fully parallel with the supralaryngeal gesture . a similar pattern is found for coda nasals in comaltapec chinantec , where the place of articulation is contextually determined . in contrast to onset nasals , which have contrastive place of articulation , laryngeal abduction is realized in parallel with the supralaryngeal gesture in coda nasals and no contrasts are lost . chapter 5 . vowels and laryngeal gestures in this chapter , vowels with contrastive laryngeal gestures are discussed . silverman claims that , since vowels have an abundance of acoustic energy , laryngeal gestures can be implemented in parallel with supralaryngeal gestures without loss of auditory contrast . however , this pattern is auditorily the least optimal . like the sonorant case , the optimal pattern is for the laryngeal gesture to be truncated to the beginning portion of the vowel , resulting in ? v or hv sequences . less optimal is the opposite phasing pattern , resulting in v ? or vh . typologically hv is indeed much more prevalent than voiceless vowels or vh ( and similarly for laryngeal constriction ) . the bulk of the chapter ( and the book ) is devoted to ' laryngeally complex ' vowels in the otomanguean languages . the term larygeally complex is used for vowels which realize both contrastive phonation ( breathy or creaky ) and tone . one example , comaltapec chinantec , has eight vowel qualities with five tonal qualities and two voice qualities . in addition , this language has nasalization and a length contrast which leads to 320 possible realizations of the nucleus . not surprisingly , words in this language are generally monosyllabic , and nucleus quality is used to differentiate many of the lexical contrasts . silverman argues that simultaneous realization of breathiness / creakiness and tone would render the tone contrasts unrecoverable . the cross-linguistically prevalent pattern is for the laryngeal contrast to be truncated to the beginning of the vowel , which is auditorily optimal . the tone is then saliently realized during modal phonation in the latter portion of the vowel . the opposite sequencing , with the laryngeal after the tonal contrast ( and modal phonation ) is also attested . silverman finds only two cases where tonal and laryngeal contrasts are executed simultaneously ( the tibeto - burman languages mpi and tamang ) . in one of those cases , there are only two tones , so tonal contrasts may not be in as much danger , as the tones would be more distinct than in the case of comaltapec chinantec , with eight tones . critical evaluation : overall , this is an inspirational volume demonstrating the importance of auditory / phonetic explanation for phonological patterning . it is one of the first of a series of ucla dissertations on this topic , which together address a wide range of phonological phenomena . silverman 's analysis bridges the phonetics / phonology gap in a number of ways . for example , an arbitrary number of phasing differences , which might be dismissed as ' phonetic implementation ' , are shown to be reducible to a small set that can be phonologically contrastive . this reduction , via the more abstract temporal relationships of simultaneity and precedence , nicely complements work in speech perception on the cross-linguistic ( and cross-species ) robustness of the categorical perception of voice onset time continua ( kuhl & miller , 1975 ; pisoni , 1977 ) . to its credit , this book contains over a dozen reasonably detailed case studies on the realization of laryngeal contrasts in different languages . in many cases , recordings were available so the presence of the phasing relationships were verified , and spectrograms of appropriate examples are given . these case studies often address potential counterexamples to silverman 's typological claims . for example , the mon - khmer language chong possesses coda stops with contrastive creakiness , but creakiness is realized only in the non-optimal way as a pre-glottalized stop . in the chong case , however , other aspects of the morphophonology require the non-optimal realization to avoid loss of contrast . in particular , coda stops are obligatorily unreleased , and the language is non-suffixing . due to these additional constraints , post-glottalized phasing would not saliently encode the larygneal contrast . this type of constraint interaction is quite compatible with the general approach of optimality theory ( prince & smolensky , 1993 ) , and in fact the original version of this dissertation presented constraint tableau in such cases . the proposed constraints are quite broad and were informally described , so the optimality theoretic analysis did not add to the exposition , and the book reads more easily without it . despite the lack of a formalist analysis , this book raises a number of issues which are relevant to current formal concerns . in the otomanguean language copala trique there are different phasing relationships between vocalic and laryngeal gestures . the laryngeal gestures ( breathiness and creakiness ) can be truncated to the first portion of the vowel , the second portion of the vowel , or can ' interrupt ' the vowel , appearing in the middle . these three locations for a laryngeal gesture support lexical contrasts , and there is clear evidence that the interrupted vowels are monosyllabic . encoding these three configurations using more abstract representations than articulatory phonology is no trivial task . in addition , the correspondence theory approach to faithfulness considers segmentally aligned and ordered input and output ( mccarthy & prince , 1995 ) . the presence of relatively small but contrastive differences in phasing require subsegmental correspondence relations between the input and output . another missing aspect of an optimality theoretic analysis would be a factorial typology of constraint interactions . while silverman 's coverage is quite extensive , i would be interested in seeing a discussion of the pros and cons for each logical possibility in phasing between laryngeal and supralaryngeal gestures . such a discussion will eventually be needed in order to determine whether the silverman 's proposal is is truly predictive , or just informally defined to the extent that any observed pattern could be explained . in a few instances , silverman makes use of the upsid database of segmental inventories ( maddieson , 1986 ) to demonstrate that the typological predictions are satisfied . unfortunately , quantitative differences are not reported in most cases . while sufficient data may not be available , a quantitative analysis is desirable in order to address a current question in work on phonetic explanation for phonological patterns : are non-optimal patterns avoided to the degree that they are non-optimal ? in other words , is the hypothesized functional force of auditory recoverability transparently reflected in the patterns within and across languages , or is it ' phonologized ' in some way by the language learner such that there is no quantitative relationship ? the answer to this question has implications for the architecture of the phonetically grounded grammar , as quantitative constraints or quantitative constraint rankings would be required . this book touches on a number of other very important issues that should be topics of ongoing research . the central role of the recoverability of contrasts leads inevitably to the question : what is a contrast ? assuming the psychological reality of the segment provides a simple answer , but one which is not entirely correct . the three contrastive phasing relationships in copala trique are not amenable to a segmental analysis . in chong , a combination of coda unrelease and lack of suffixation is claimed to lead to pre-glottalized stops . this case is contrasted with korean , where there is some suffixation , and post-glottalized stops are maintained in that environment but neutralized elsewhere . i wonder how frequent the neutralizing environment must be before a non-optimal pattern becomes necessary or the contrast is lost ? why is n't the laryngeal gesture phased before the stop closure in the neutralizing environment , but after in the non-neutralizing environment ? perhaps some other constraint is involved here . in many of the case studies given , the simple syllable structure and monosyllabic tendencies of the languages are mentioned as reasons why complex and non-optimal phasing relations are found at all ( in most cases , the optimal recoverability of supralaryngeal gestures is found if contrastive laryngeal gestures are not used at all ) . this suggests that there is some minimal set of contrasts required to create a sufficient number of open class items for a language to be a useful communication system , and that differences in syllable structure , word length , and segmental inventory size interact in some fashion to this end . the answers to these deeper questions appear to be closer to our understanding when the phonological system is conceptualized as implied in this book , as a combinatorial system of articulatory / acoustic contrasts highly constrained by a variety of functional factors . references : browman , c . p . & goldstein , l . ( 1986 ) . towards an articulatory phonology . phonology yearbook 3 : 219-252 . kuhl , p . k . & miller , j . d . ( 1975 ) . speech perception by the chinchilla : voiced - voiceless distinction in alveolar plosive consonants . science 190 : 69-72 . mccarthy , j . j . & prince , a . ( 1995 ) . faithfulness and reduplicative identity . papers in optimality theory . university of massachusetts occasional papers 18 . amherst , ma : glsa . pp . 249-384 . pisoni , d . b . ( 1977 ) . identification and discrimination of the relative onset time of two component tones : implications for voicing perception in stops . journal of the acoustical society of america 61 : 1352-1361 . prince , a . & smolensky , p . ( 1993 ) . optimality theory : constraint interaction in generative phonology . rutgers university center for cognitive science technical reports 2 . new brunswick , nj : ruccs . reviewer : stefan frisch , language learning visiting research assistant professor , program in linguistics , university of michigan . ph . d . , northwestern university , 1996 . research interests include phonetics , phonology , psycholinguistics , and computational linguistics . reviewer 's address : stefan frisch program in linguistics university of michigan 1076 frieze building 105 s . state st . ann arbor , mi 48109-1285 safrisch @ umich . edu http : / / www-personal . umich . edu / ~ sfrisch
  """",0
  2139,""""Subject: phonetics and phonology
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * announcing : chiphon ' 99 ' new syntheses : multidisciplinary approaches to basic units of speech ' friday , april 23 , 1999 , at the university of chicago presented by the workshop on theory and data in speech research , in conjunction with cls 35 invited speakers : john ohala , university of california , berkeley joseph perkell , massachusetts institute of technology * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * in phonetic and phonological analyses , linguists define primitive units to advance their understanding of linguistic structure . these units have generally been used as starting points by studies of speech processing . at the same time , alternative lines of research , such as studies of the physiology and neurophysiology of speech production and perception , contribute additional information to our understanding of the mental representations of speech . this panel seeks to synthesize findings from linguistics and other fields which investigate linguistic behavior , to determine whether these findings can be used as evidence for a unified theory of the units of speech processing . we invite papers which address questions such as the following : 1 ) how do speech processing units mediate between universal and language-specific information ? do they account for isolated forms and connected speech phenomena equally well ? 2 ) how closely do the primitive units assumed by linguists match those assumed by researchers in other fields ? what is the source of the differences ? 3 ) are the units used to account for speech production equally successful in accounting for speech perception ? 4 ) how does evidence for linguistic primitives from speech and hearing pathologies , speech perturbations , l1 and l2 acquisition , psycholinguistics , and connectionist modeling , or other related fields , contribute to the above questions ? for further information : http : / / cas . uchicago . edu / workshop55 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * submission information : please submit ten copies of a one-page , 500 - word , anonymous abstract for a twenty-minute paper ( optionally , one additional page for data and / or references may be appended ) , along with a 3 """""""" x 5 """""""" card with : 1 . your name 2 . affiliation 3 . address , phone number , and email address 4 . title of paper 5 . an indication that the paper is intended for the chiphon panel the abstract should be as specific as possible , and it should clearly indicate the data covered , outline arguments presented , and include any broader implications of the work . an individual may present at most one single and one co-authored paper . authors must submit a camera-ready copy of the paper at the time of the conference in order to be considered for publication . only a selection of papers presented at cls 35 will be published . deadline for receipt of abstracts is february 1 , 1999 . send abstracts to : chicago linguistic society 1010 e . 59th street chicago , il 60637 ( 773 ) 702-8529 information on email submission and additional guidelines for abstracts may be obtained by visiting the cls website at http : / / humanities . uchicago . edu / humanities / cls / cls . html , by writing to the above address , or via email from cls @ diderot . uchicago . edu . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  2140,""""Subject: pragmatics / extended deadline
   
   extended deadline - december 1 , 1998 : call for papers pragma99 international pragmatics conference on pragmatics and negotiation june 13-16 , 1999 tel aviv university and hebrew university of jerusalem tel aviv and jerusalem israel the main theme of this conference is the pragmatics of negotiation , interpreted in a very broad sense . interlocutors engage in negotiations about every aspect of their interaction - such as floor access and topic selection , contextual assumptions , conversational goals , and the ( mis ) interpretation and repair of their messages . topics such as cross-cultural and cross-gender ( mis ) communications , conversational procedures in disputes and collaborations , argumentation practices , and effects of assumptions and goals on the negotiating strategies of interlocutors are of special interest for this conference . the conference will be interdisciplinary , bringing together pragmaticists , linguists , philosophers , anthropologists , sociologists and political scientists . we are soliciting papers on all issues relevant to the theme of the conference , as well as papers in other areas of pragmatics and dialogue analysis . the conference will include plenary addresses , regular session lectures , and organized panels around any of the relevant topics . among the plenary speakers : elinor ochs ( ucla ) , itamar rabinovitch ( tel aviv university ) , emanual schegloff ( ucla ) , thomas schelling ( university of maryland ) , deborah schiffrin ( georgetown university ) , deborah tannen ( georgetown university ) , ruth wodak ( university of vienna ) . presentation of regular session lectures is 30 minutes long , with a subsequent discussion of 10 minutes . panels take the form of a series of closely related lectures on a specific topic , which may or may not be directly related to the special topic of the conference . they may consist of one , two or three units of 120 minutes . within each panel unit a maximum of four 20 - minute presentations are given consecutively , followed by a minimum of 30 minutes of discussion ( either devoted entirely to an open discussion , or taken up in part by comments by a discussant or discussants ) . panels are composed of contributions attracted by panel organizers , combined with individually submitted papers when judged appropriate by the program committee in consultation with the panel organizers . typically , written versions or extensive outlines of all panel contributions should be available before the conference to facilitate discussion . submissions abstracts for papers and panels should be submitted in the following format : 1 . for papers - five copies of an anonymous abstract ( up to 300 words ) . 2 . for panels - a preliminary proposal of one page , detailing title , area of interest , name of organizer ( s ) and invited participants to be sent by sept . 30 , 1998 . organizers of approved panels will then be invited to submit a full set of abstracts , including : a . a brief description of the topic area , b . a list of participants ( with full details , see below ) , c . abstracts by each of the participants by november 1 , 1998 . 3 . in all cases , a page stating : a . title , b . audiovisual / computer request , and c . for each author : i . full name and affiliation ; ii . current address ; iii . e - mail address ; iv . fax number . deadline for submission of abstracts : dec . 1 , 1998 . abstracts may be sent by hard copy , disk , or e-mail to pragma99 , faculty of humanities , tel aviv university , tel aviv 69978 , israel . e - mail : pragma99 @ post . tau . ac . il date of notification : march 1 , 1999 . program committee : mira ariel , hava bat - zeev shyldkrot , jonathan berg , anat biletzki , shoshana blum - kulka , marcelo dascal , nomi erteschik - shir , tamar katriel , ruth manor , george - elia sarfati , elda weizman , yael ziv . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = pragma99 registration form please send the following information , accompanied by cheque payable to tel - aviv university in the amount of us $ 75 if paid before november 1 , 1998 , otherwise us $ 100 , to pragma99 faculty of humanities tel aviv university tel aviv 69978 , israel dr . / mr . / mrs . / ms . / name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ university / organization : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( home ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( office ) telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( home ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( office ) signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ those wishing to pay by credit card should provide the following information : type of credit card : mastercard / visa / american express name as it appears on credit card : sum of paymnt : us $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card no . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ those wishing to present a paper should follow the instructions above . hotel information will be provided after registration . the international association for dialogue analysis is co-sponsoring a part of our conference , which will be devoted to """""""" negotiation as a dialogic concept . """""""" for further information , contact edda weigand ( e-mail : weigand @ uni-muenster . de ) . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = [ forms can also be returned by fax to 972 - 3-6407839 , or by e-mail to pragma99 @ post . tau . ac . il . ]
  """",0
  2141,""""Subject: artificial intelligence
   
   k b c s-98 call for participation international conference on knowledge based computer systems national centre for software technology mumbai , india december 17-19 , 1998 the international conference on knowledge based computer systems will be held in mumbai , india during december 17-19 , 1998 . the conference is intended to act as a forum for promoting interaction among researchers in the field of artificial intelligence in india and abroad . there will be a two day conference during december 17-18 , 1998 followed by a day of post-conference tutorial on december 19 , 1998 . papers were submitted to the conference on the following topics . o ai applications o ai architectures o automatic programming o cognitive modeling o expert systems o foundations of ai o genetic algorithms o information retrieval o intelligent agents o intelligent tutoring systems o knowledge acquisition o knowledge management o knowledge representation o machine learning o machine translation o natural language processing o neural networks o planning and scheduling o reasoning o robotics o search techniques o speech processing o theorem proving o uncertainty handling o vision about 30 papers will be presented during the conference . post - conference tutorial the tutorial will be conducted on december 19 , 1998 at ncst , juhu , mumbai . o an introduction to information extraction - ( 11 am to 6 pm ) amit bagga , ge corporate r & d centre , usa programme committee s . ramani , ncst , mumbai ( chair ) r . uthurusamy , gmr labs , usa ( co - chair ) k . s . r . anjaneyulu , ncst , mumbai s . arunkumar , iit , mumbai amitava bagchi , iim , calcutta pushpak bhattacharya , iit , mumbai nick cercone , u of regina , canada b . b . chaudhuri , isi , calcutta r . chandrasekar , u of pennsylvania , usa s . k . goyal , gte labs , usa s . sen gupta , tata infotech , mumbai j . r . isaac , niit , new delhi aravind k . joshi , u of pennsylvania , usa h . n . mahabala , infosys , bangalore m . narasimha murthy , iisc , bangalore r . narasimhan , cmc , bangalore p . v . s . rao , tifr , mumbai p . saint - dizier , u of paul sabatier , france r . sangal , iit , kanpur m . vidyasagar , cair , bangalore organizing committee george arakal , ncst ( chair ) dhawal bhagwat , ncst s . karthik , ncst parag a . mahadane , ncst mandar padhye , ncst p . ravi prakash , ncst durgesh d . rao , ncst m . sasikumar , ncst puneet srivastava , ncst registration last date for registration is 11th december 1998 . on - site registration will be subject to availability of seats . all payments should be made by a crossed mumbai cheque or a demand draft , payable to kbcs-98 . fees conference students : rs 600 delegates from not-for - profit : rs 800 organisations other delegates : rs 1200 tutorials full day : rs 700 for further information please refer to the kbcs-98 home page or write to the kbcs-98 secretariat . address kbcs-98 secretariat phone : + 91 ( 22 ) 620 1606 national centre for software technology fax : + 91 ( 22 ) 621 0139 gulmohar cross rd no . 9 e - mail : kbcs @ konark . ncst . ernet . in juhu , mumbai 400 049 , india url : http : / / konark . ncst . ernet . in / ~ kbcs / kbcs98 /
  """",0
  2142,""""Subject: language , interaction , and culture
   
   * * * * * * * * * * call for papers * * * * * * * * * * the center for language , interaction , and culture ( clic ) graduate student association at ucla and the language , interaction , and social organization ( liso ) graduate student association at ucsb issue its call for papers for the fifth annual conference on language , interaction , and culture to be held april 29 - may 1 , 1999 . this year 's conference will be hosted by the liso graduate student association at the university of california , santa barbara . plenary speaker : dr . don kulick dr . kulick will also lead a pre-conference workshop for graduate students . registration information will be forthcoming . submissions should address topics at the intersection of language , interaction , and culture and would preferably be based on recorded , spontaneous interaction . they must be hard copy and should include : ( 1 ) a detachable title page that includes ( a ) the title of the paper , ( b ) the author 's name , affiliation , postal address , e-mail address , and phone number , ( c ) a list of equipment needed for the presentation ; and ( 2 ) six copies of a 500 - 1 , 000 word extended abstract of the paper . no information identifying the author may appear in the abstract . three copies of submitted abstracts must be received no later than friday , february 5 , 1999 . liso is an ongoing seminar group at the university of california , santa barbara , whose members share an interest in the analysis of recorded social interaction through various approaches , including conversation analysis , interactional sociolinguistics , and functional linguistics . liso is composed of faculty and graduate students from linguistics , sociology , and education , among other departments . clic is located at the university of california , los angeles . the purpose of clic is to promote cross-disciplinary discussion about issues regarding language as a complex resource for thinking and acting in the world . clic is composed of faculty and graduate students from anthropology , applied linguistics , education , psychology , and sociology . submissions not received in triplicate or not received by the deadline will not be considered . further questions can be addressed via e-mail to clic @ ucla . edu or harbison @ cats . ucsc . edu . all submissions should be mailed to : liso graduate student association university of california , santa barbara department of sociology 2834 ellison hall santa barbara , ca 93106-3100
  """",0
  2143,""""Subject: theoretical , descriptive , and applied linguistics
   
   call for papers : last announcement kentucky foreign language conference linguistics sessions the 52nd annual kentucky foreign language conference will be held april 22-24 , 1999 , at the university of kentucky in lexington . the conference will include sessions devoted to all aspects of theoretical and descriptive linguistics , sociolinguistics , and applied linguistics . if you wish to present a paper in one of these sessions , send two copies of a one page abstract to prof . anna bosch , 1215 patterson office tower , university of kentucky , lexington , ky 40506-0027 . alternatively , send your abstract by email to : bosch @ pop . uky . edu . ( email submissions are encouraged . ) please include the following information with your abstract : name , affiliation , address , email address , daytime phone . the deadline for submission of abstracts is monday , november 16 , 1998 . authors will be notified about the conference schedule in mid - december . web page : www . uky . edu / artssciences / kflc
  """",0
  2144,""""Subject: chinese dialectology
   
   yuen ren society for the promotion of chinese dialect fieldwork annual conference saturday , 6 march 1999 submissions are now being accepted for a conference to be held on saturday , 6 march 1999 , at rutgers university in new jersey . the society welcomes presentations of a non-formalist character on any aspect of hann chinese dialectology , including original field reports , comparative-historical studies , linguistic geography and contact , sociolinguistics , and taxonomy . presentations on any aspect of chinese dialects or their social context are welcome , but please note that the society favors presentations that include abundant evidence , in the form of either dialect data or other explicit documentation as appropriate . papers may be delivered in english or mandarin chinese . to submit a paper , please send a detailed abstract to one of the addresses below . deadline for submitting abstracts is : 31 december , 1998 . we expect to accept only ten papers in all . the yuen ren society is devoted to the practice of descriptive dialect fieldwork , and especially welcomes reports on little-known dialects . david prager branner r . vanness simmons c / o yuen ren society c / o east asian languages & cultures 440 riverside drive , # 73 330 scott hall new york , ny 10027-6831 usa rutgers university new brunswick , nj 08901-1164 usa fax : ( 212 ) 865-5507 fax : ( 732 ) 932-7926 email : < yuen . ren . society @ bigfoot . com > < rsimmon @ rci . rutgers . edu > or < charmii @ bigfoot . com >
  """",0
  2145,""""Subject: review : scobbie : autosegmental representation
   
   scobbie , james m . ( 1997 ) autosegmental representation in a declarative constraint - based framework , garland press , new york . [ revision of 1991 phd dissertation , university of edinburgh ] [ * ] michael hammond university of arizona jim scobbie 's dissertation , recently published in the outstanding dissertations in linguistics series through garland press , is an excellent example of a pre - optimality - theory attempt at a constraint-based phonology that has received insufficient attention in the phonological community . this is extremely unfortunate , as the thesis makes a number of interesting proposals that are well worth considering today . the dissertation is not in the usual vein of american phonology theses . it 's not an in-depth analysis of some particular array of data . rather , it appears to fit a much more european template , with more attention paid to placing the author 's proposal in the context of previous ideas . despite this very different approach , there is much to recommend it . the general hypothesis pursued is that phonological generalizations and representations are best cast as attribute-value structures . these formal devices are drawn from the hpsg ( head - driven phrase - structure grammar ) literature ( pollard & sag , 1987 ) . the basic idea is that dominance is expressed as something roughly equivalent to a featural distinction . for example , in a standard phonological representation the fact that a vowel might be high is expressed by assigning the vowel a ' + ' for a feature [ high ] , e . g . [ + high ] . expressed in attribute-value formalism , the attribute [ high ] has the value ' + ' . hpsg goes one step further and encodes dominance in the same fashion . thus , the fact that a syllable has a [ + high ] nucleus is expressed by positing a nucleus attribute for a syllable element and then allowing the nucleus attribute to itself have [ + high ] as an attribute-value pair . ( 1 ) the formal object above denotes a syllable with a [ + high ] nucleus . ( i ' ve indicated irrelevant information with ellipses . ) in the context of these representations , scobbie 's central claim is that autosegmental association can be formalized as dominance in an attribute-value structure . phonological representations also encode linear order , but in scobbie 's theory , linear order is formalized only for root nodes ( and is indicated with indices ) . a string of segments would then be represented as a set of indexed root matrices , essentially of the following sort . ( 2 ) indices are ordered by the relation immediate precedence ' ' . [ 1 ] with these structures , scobbie goes further and suggests that phonological rules should be traded in for constraints . these constraints , he suggests , are formally indistinct from the representations they apply to . ( a rather similar position has been advanced in ot . see russell , 1995 and hammond , to appear . ) for example , a generalization excluding mid nasal vowels would be expressed as follows . ( 3 ) such an expression rules out an element which is simultaneously specified [ - low ] , [ - high ] , and [ + nasal ] . constraints do n't actually """""""" apply """""""" to representations . rather , scobbie proposes , constraints are unified with representations . unification allows to representations to meld , just so long as they do n't conflict . for example , a representation consisting solely of ifferent elements . for example , the index variables below indicate that the two matrices share the token value for a , but merely share the type value for b . ( 6 ) scobbie develops this formalism in a number of ways . first , he argues that representations like the one above are subject to what he calls the sharing constraint ( p . 93 ) . ( 7 ) sharing constraint if a structure is dominated by two paths of type p with indices i and j , where , then for every index n where there is a path dominating m . the immediate effect of this is to rule out cases where noncontiguous root elements share a token value . scobbie argues that the evidence for such cases is weak . ( cf . a very similar proposal in archangeli & pulleyblank , 1994 . ) a more interesting consequence is that scobbie uses this constraint in an attempt to derive the no - crossing constraint ( ncc ) , part of goldsmith 's ( 1976 ) more general well - formedness condition on autosegmental representations . this is the constraint that rules out crossing autosegmental association lines . sagey ( 1986 ; 1988 ) first proposes to derive the ncc from a treatment of autosegmental association as overlap . however , hammond ( 1988 ) argues that this notion is formally problematic proposing a different characterization of association as a transitive , irreflexive , and asymmetric relation . hammond 's approach , however , does not derive the ncc without stipulation . scobbie 's approach also involves an asymmetric characterization of association ( as dominance ) , but does derive the ncc . scobbie 's derivation of the ncc is based on the assumption that there are no contour values . that is , while two different root nodes might share a value token as in the second picture below , one root node cannot bear two different values , as in the first picture below ( where """""""" s """""""" indicates a segment or root node and """""""" t """""""" indicates a tone or value token ) . ( 8 ) this is a necessary position given his formalization of sequencing : only root nodes bear an index for linear position ; nonroot tokens are unsequenced . ( a similar position is developed in heiberg , in prep . ) were contour values to be allowed , there would be no way to distinguish their ordering . on the other hand , when two root nodes share a value , their ordering is distinguished in terms of indices , as in ( 6 ) . the upshot of the prohibition on contours is that violations of the ncc can only arise when there is an independent sharing violation . that is , ncc violations look like ( 9 ) , and ( 9 ) necessarily includes a sharing violation . ( 9 ) this is a very nice result , but comes at the cost of i ) ruling out discontinuous association , and ii ) excluding contour values . scobbie also argues that his approach allows him to derive the phenomenon of geminate integrity ( hayes , 1986 ; schein & steriade , 1986 ) . the basic idea of geminate integrity is that geminates resist epenthesis . ( see guerssel , 1977 ; 1978 for an early treatment and suh , 1997 for a recent proposal . ) the standard account of this is that geminates resist epenthesis because the result would entail crossing association lines , and a violation of the ncc , as in ( 9 ) above . the problem with this , as noted by scobbie and others as well , is that if the epenthetic vowel is featureless ( 10 ) or inserted on another tier ( 11 ) , then no violation of the ncc occurs . ( 10 ) ( 11 ) scobbie 's own proposal is simple and direct . epenthesis into a geminate structure results in a violation of sharing , regardless whether the epenthetic vowel has features or whether its features might appear on some other tier . scobbie goes on to consider the possibility that geminate inalterability might also follow from the sharing constraint , but here his proposal is a lot more speculative . the basic idea pursued is that geminate inalterability results from default rules . the problem is that scobbie does n't really offer a clear proposal on the nature of default rules . on the face of it , they would seem to be a glaring problem for the monotonic theory he proposes . in his final substantive chapter , scobbie treats the problem of long-distance association , as in , e . g . arabic verbal morphology . he offers some well-taken criticisms of the traditional autosegmental approach , but does not really offer an explicit declarative counterproposal . in sum , this book is well worth reading . it offers a very interesting alternative constraint-based view of phonology with much to recommend it . on the other hand , there are a number of unresolved questions . what about floating segments ? scobbie speculates on this , but offers no satisfying solution . as noted above , contour segments are also ruled out , though the evidence for these in the tonal domain is unimpeachable . [ 3 ] references archangeli , d . & d . pulleyblank ( 1994 ) grounded phonology , mit press , cambridge . bird , s . ( 1995 ) computational phonology , cambridge university press , cambridge . goldsmith , j . ( 1976 ) autosegmental phonology , doctoral dissertation , mit . guerssel , m . ( 1977 ) """""""" constraints on phonological rules """""""" , linguistic analysis 3 , 267-181 . guerssel , m . ( 1978 ) """""""" a condition on assimilation rules """""""" , linguistic analysis 4 , 225-254 . hammond , m . ( 1988 ) """""""" on deriving the well - formedness condition """""""" , li 19 , 319-325 . hammond , m . ( to appear ) """""""" there is no lexicon ! """""""" , coyote papers . hayes , b . ( 1986 ) """""""" inalterability in cv phonology """""""" , language 62 , 321-351 . heiberg , a . ( in prep ) doctoral dissertation , u . of arizona . pollard , c . & i . sag ( 1987 ) information - based syntax and phonology , volume 1 , csli 13 . russell , k . ( 1995 ) """""""" morphemes and candidates in optimality theory """""""" , ms . , u . of manitoba , roa . sagey , e . ( 1986 ) the representation of features and relations in non - linear phonology , doctoral dissertation , mit . sagey , e . ( 1988 ) """""""" on the ill-formedness of crossing association lines """""""" , li 19 , 109-118 . schein , b . & d . steriade ( 1986 ) """""""" on geminates """""""" , li 17 , 691-744 . suh , c . - k . ( 1997 ) consonant geminates : towards a theory of integrity and inalterability , doctoral dissertation , u . of arizona . [ * ] thanks to jim scobbie for useful discussion . any misinterpretations , lapses , or other errors are my own . [ 1 ] though as scobbie ( p . c . ) points out , ordering these with precedence instead will allow for a treatment of epenthesis , morphological intercalation , and the like . [ 2 ] my expository characterization is procedural , but of course , unification is not formally so . [ 3 ] a number of similar ideas are developed in bird ( 1995 ) .
  """",0
  2146,""""Subject: discourse studies
   
   first announcement and call for papers . . . . . discourse studies . interdisciplinary journal for the study of text and talk editor : teun a . van dijk ( university of amsterdam ) a new journal edited by teun van dijk entitled discourse studies is due for publication in february 1999 . this multidisciplinary forum will publish outstanding work on the structures and strategies of written and spoken discourse , reviewed by an internationally renowned editorial board . while contributing to new developments at the cutting edge of theory and method , its articles will also be accessible to students and other newcomers to each area of specialization . although intended as a broadly conceived forum for the best international work on discourse in any field and specialization , discourse studies will especially focus on cross-disciplinary studies of text and talk in linguistics , anthropology , ethnomethodology , cognitive and social psychology , communication studies and law . articles that specifically deal with critical socio-political issues are especially welcome in sage 's companion journal discourse & society . call for papers as from april 1998 , high quality papers that fall within the scope and meet the criteria outlined above are welcome . please contact the editor : teun @ let . uva . nl ( for any other information contact louise harnby at sage publications : louise . harnby @ sagepub . co . uk )
  """",0
  2147,""""Subject: the evaluation of parsing systems
   
   the evaluation of parsing systems a workshop jointly organised by the cec language engineering 1 projects sparkle and ecran to be held at the first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 26 may 1998 this workshop will provide a forum for researchers interested in the development and evaluation of natural language grammars and parsing systems , and in the creation of syntactically annotated reference corpora . organisers : john carroll , roberto basili , nicoletta calzolari , robert gaizauskas , gregory grefenstette workshop scope and aims the aim of this workshop is to provide a forum for discussion of evaluation methods for parsing systems , and proposals for the development of syntactically annotated language resources . with increased attention to evaluation of component technology in language engineering , evaluation of parsing systems is rapidly becoming a key issue . numerous methods have been proposed and while one , the parseval / penn treebank scheme , has gained wide usage , this has to some extent been due to the absence of workable alternatives rather than to whole-hearted support . parseval / ptb evaluation has several limitations and drawbacks , including a commitment to a particular style of grammatical analysis , and oversensitivity to certain innocuous types of misanalysis while failing to penalise other common types of more serious mistake . also , the original published description of the scheme - - and the evaluation software widely distributed as a follow-up to it - - is specific to the english language . it may be that there are currently no alternative more workable schemes or proposals , but this needs to be more fully discussed : this workshop will provide an opportunity for such a debate . this workshop is particularly timely given the large number of cec language engineering projects that involve parsing in one form or another and which need to evaluate and share the results of their efforts . parsing is an essential part of many larger applications , such as information extraction , which have gained in importance over the last few years . often in such systems , the strength of the parser and grammar has a direct effect on the desired results , and thus achieving good results rests on being able to determine and improve weaknesses in the parser / grammar . without a reliable parser evaluation method this cannot be done effectively . a parsing evaluation workshop is also appropriate at this time given the imminent creation of large-scale syntactically annotated resources for european languages . contributions from those involved in such activities are welcomed , so as to improve communication between the resource construction and the resource utilisation communities . this should ensure that the resources constructed are maximally useful to the general language engineering community . the organisation of this workshop brings together two european language engineering projects which are closely related and whose partners share similar research interests : sparkle and ecran . the organisers solicit contributions from the general community on the following topics : - descriptions of generic syntactic annotation schemes - methodologies and metrics for parsing system evaluation - reports and analyses of the results of utilising particular parser evaluation schemes - description / analysis / experience of language-dependent ( especially for languages other than english ) and task-dependent syntactic annotation schemes programme committee roberto basili gregory grefenstette ted briscoe mark hepple nicoletta calzolari tony mcenery john carroll maria teresa pazienza roberta catizone paola velardi robert gaizauskas yorick wilks paper submission papers should not exceed 4000 words or 10 pages . submission may be in either hard copy or electronic form . the submission deadline is february 15th , 1998 . hard copy submission : three copies of the paper should be sent to : dr john carroll cognitive and computing sciences university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh uk electronic submission : electronic submission may be in either self-contained latex , postscript , or rtf formats , to john . carroll @ cogs . susx . ac . uk . for each submission - - whether hard copy or electronic - - a separate plain ascii text email message should be sent to john carroll , containing the following information : # name : name of first author # title : title of the paper # pages : number of pages # note : any relevant instructions # keys : keywords # email : email of the first author # abstr : abstract of the paper . . . . . . important dates paper submission deadline ( hard copy / electronic ) february 15th notification of acceptance march 10th camera - ready papers due april 10th workshop may 26th conference information general information about the conference is at : < http : / / www . icp . inpg . fr / elra / conflre . html > see < http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra . html > for information on local arrangements specific queries about the conference should be directed to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain tel : + 34 58 24 41 00 - fax : + 34 58 24 41 04 reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es
  """",0
  2148,""""Subject: minority languages in contex . diversity & standardisation
   
   minority languages in contex . diversity and standardisation call for papers ( deadline 16th febuary 1998 ) congress to be held in chur , switzerland - 21st - 23rd september 1998 organising committee : anna - alice dazzi - gross , mike makosch , lorenza mondada , jean - fran \ 231ois de pietro themes addressed by the congress the aim of the congress is to stimulate the study and discussion of contextual dimensions within which minority languages are spoken , shared and taught . the congress will provide a forum for the exchange and discussion of descriptive and comparative reports from a variety of regional and national settings including those in switzerland . the contexts within which minority languages evolve can be described from differing points of view along a continuum between two opposing poles . at one end of the continuum lay attempts to achieve stability and homogeneity which are usually articulated through projects aiming at the planning and normalisation of minority languages in order to present these codes as having equal status to adjacent majority languages . at the other end of the continuum we find destabilisation and heterogeneity observable at points of contact and overlap between minority and majority languages and often leading to hybrid forms which challenge traditional notions of linguistic code . these two poles involve a variety of actors and agents of differing social and institutional status , all exercising varying degrees of influence on the language situation in question . the congress will address three thematic areas highlighting the full range of this continuum . 1 : standardisation of minority languages 2 : minority and majority languages : coexistence , relationships and overlap . 3 : minority languages at school scientific and practical organization the thematic development of each day will take place in a series of parallel sessions run by those having responded to the call for papers and whose contribution has been accepted by the scientific committee . two types of session are foreseen : * papers : 20 minutes presentation followed by 20 minutes discussion * workshops : 90 minutes within which data and / or hypotheses can be presented , analysed and discussed in an interactive way responses to the call for papers should be sent to the scientific committee ( c / o l . mondada , romanisches seminar , university of basle , stapfelberg 7 / 9 , ch 4051 basle ) deadlines : response to call for papers : 16th febuary 1998 notification of acceptance by the scientific committee : 31st march 1998 definitive programme to be sent by : 30th june 1998 enrolment fees : speakers : sfr . 50 . - ( including dinner on tuesday evening and the published congress proceedings ) participants : paid by 30 . 4 . 1998 paid after 30 . 4 . 1998 students sfr . 50 . - - sfr . 70 . - vals members sfr . 80 . - - sfr . 110 . - non-members sfr . 100 . - - sfr . 130 . - ( including the published congress proceedings ) dinner on tuesday evening : sfr . 50 . - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you can send an abstract or ask further informations to : lorenza mondada , romanisches seminar , university of basle , stapfelberg 7 / 9 , ch 4051 basle , fax 0041-61 - 261 . 61 . 41 , email : mondada @ ubaclu . unibas . ch _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",0
  2149,""""Subject: ecml ' 98 tanlps workshop : first call for paper
   
   ecml-98 workshop : first call for papers ecml-98 workshop : towards adaptive nlp - driven systems : linguistic information , learning methods and applications organized by : r . basili , m . t . pazienza ( university of roma , tor vergata ) , italy since most of the applications , from syntactic to semantic , are lexicon driven , systematic and reliable acquisition on a large scale of linguistic information is the real challenge to natural language processing ( nlp ) . empiricist view on natural language processing and learning has become recently more attractive for a wider research community : computational linguistics , artificial intelligence , psychology then seemed to converge on a specific data-oriented perspective aiming to overcome the traditional knowledge acquisition bottleneck . it has been often noted that the limited attention paid by the machine learning community to text and speech data seems unjustified . it is thus more and more evident that empirical learning of natural language processing ( nlp ) can alleviate the nlp main problem by means of a variety of methods for the automatic induction of lexical knowledge . lexical knowledge is often hard to compile by hand , and even harder to port and reuse . nlp application systems have still a low impact on real world problems , mainly due to the costs related to reusability and customization of the required lexicons . in particular changes in the domain , causes changes in the lexical information required in the underlying natural language . empirical , symbolic machine learning methods can be perfectly suited for this task like automatic acquisition and adaptation of this klnowledge . rule induction , symbolic approaches to clustering , lazy learning , and inductive logic programming , have been already proposed by a growing community that is entering the challenge for theoretical ( i . e . methodological ) and application purposes a variety of techniques seems to be combined in order to successfully design realistic inductive systems for text processing : the target of this research are methodological and design principles for systems combining linguistic and lexical learning capabilities for large scale language processing tasks . this is what we mean with adaptive nlp - driven systems . within this research enterprise , some issues can favour a sinergistic process between nlp and ml areas : the access to large data sets , that are even increasing over time , due to the telematics facilities available nowaday ; extending the set of typical classes of ml problems to other hard cases ( particularly dense in the nlp processes ) ; adding inductive capabilities to nlp system for tasks related to specific applications ( i . e . information extraction ) . the proposed workshop is thus aiming to stimulate reasearch and discussion on the following aspects : - establishing results and evidencies on the suitability of different ml paradigms on specific levels of representation of lexical knowledge ( morphology , syntax , linguistic inference among others ) - comparison of the quantitative approaches to lexical acquisition with empirical symbolic methods - stimulating discussion on cognitive perspective of some models within a plausible architecture for language processing and learning - establishing results on the applicability of the extracted / induce knowledge within nlp systems , with respect to assessed evaluation criteria , typical of the ml and language engineering ( le ) area - case studies on adaptive nlp systems , i . e . effective nlp systems integrating linguistic inferences with inductive capabilities ( www kb at cmu , ecran ) , - critical review of existing experiences on adaptive nlp systems - establishing guidelines for an evaluation framework of adaptive nlp systems : accuracy of the linguistic process , robustness of the induction process , . . . - promote cooperation among research groups in europe and usa to exchange ideas , data and tools for design and experiment architectures for adaptive nlp systems workshop format : the workshop is expected to cover the whole day . in the first session , a part from an invited talk , we expect to cover methodological issues . papers related to advanced research on suitability of learning paradigms for the different target lexical information will be favoured . prototypical examples in this area are studies on empirical learning of tasks like pos tagging , induction of grammatical information , symbolic learning of word sense disambiguation criteria and lexical semantic information . a panel discussion is expected to close the morning session and focus on principles of suitability for learning paradigms vs . lexical levels . in the second half of the day we expect to stimulate partecipants to cover application areas , like ir and ie , by a couple of invited talks on existing adaptive systems as a basis for presenting novel aspects on integration of nlp capabilities with learning from experience ( examples , errors , performance ) . a set of at least other 3 or 4 papers is expected to concentrate on original research works that we know are currently under development in several reasearch centres in europe ( sheffield university , tilburg , rome tor vergata and torino university ) . a panel discussion on the implication of the adaptive paradigm on existing and potential nlp systems will close the workshop . program committee r . basili ( university of roma , tor vergata , italy ) m . craven ( carnegie mellon university , usa ) w . daelemans ( university of tilburg , nederlands ) m . t . pazienza ( university of roma , tor vergata , italy ) l . saitta ( university of torino , italy ) c . samuelssonn ( bell labs , at&t , usa ) y . wilks ( university of sheffield , uk ) paper submission : = = = = = = = = = = = = papers should not exceed 3000 words or 6 pages hard copy submission : three copies of the paper should be sent to : roberto basili department of computer science , systems and production university of roma , tor vergata via di tor vergata 00133 roma ( italy ) e-mail : basili @ info . utovrm . it electronic submission : electronic submission may be in either self-contained postscript or rtf formats , to basili @ info . utovrm . it for each submission - - whether hard copy or electronic - - a separate plain ascii text email message should be sent to roberto basili , containing the following information : # name : name of first author # title : title of the paper # pages : number of pages # files : name of file ( if attachments are submitted electronically ) # note : any relevant instructions # keys : keywords # email : email of the first author # abstr : abstract of the paper . . . . . . timetable : workshop announcement and call for papers : 5 january 1998 papers due : 15 february 1998 notification of acceptance : 5 march 1998 final version due : 25 march 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - roberto basili department of computer science , systems and production university of roma , tor vergata via di tor vergata 00133 roma ( italy ) e-mail : basili @ info . utovrm . it tel : + 39 - 6 - 7259 7391 fax : + 39 - 6 - 7259 7460 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  2150,""""Subject: anthropological linguistics , vol . 40 , no . 3
   
   * * anthropological linguistics , volume 40 , number 3 ( fall 1998 ) * * contents a case of taboo - motivated lexical replacement in the indigenous languages of the caucasus , kevin tuite and wolfgang schulze the barbacoan languages of colombia and ecuador , timothy jowan curnow and anthony j . liddicoat language maintenance on the alabama - coushatta reservation , helena halmari palikur and the typology of classifiers , alexandra y . aikhenvald and diana green obituary frank t . siebert , jr . ( 1912-1998 ) , ives goddard bibliography of frank t . siebert , jr . book reviews phonologies of asia and africa ( including the caucasus ) ( alan s . kaye , editor , and peter t . daniels , technical advisor ) , michael kenstowicz nigerian pidgin ( nicholas g . faraclas ) , philip a . noss grammaticalization of the complex sentence : a case study in chadic ( zygmunt frajzyngier ) , gerrit j . dimmendaal lushootseed texts : an introduction to puget salish narrative aesthetics ( crisca bierwert , editor ) , timothy montler comparative eskimo dictionary with aleut cognates ( michael fortescue , steven jacobson , and lawrence kaplan , editors ) , jonathan david bobaljik sounds like life : sound - symbolic grammar , performance and cognition in pastaza quechua ( janis b . nuckolls ) , rosaleen howard-malverde the making of language ( mike beaken ) , derek bickerton language history , language change , and language relationship : an introduction to historical and comparative linguistics ( hans henrich hock and brian d . joseph ) , mary niepokuj the rulings of the night : an ethnography of nepalese shaman oral texts ( gregory g . maskarinec ) , john leavitt language , power , and ideology in brunei darussalam ( geoffrey c . gunn ) , peter w . martin * * * * * * * annual subscription rates ( for 4 issues ) : $ 30 for u . s . individuals ; $ 38 for non - u . s . individuals ; $ 65 for u . s . institutions ; $ 75 for non - u . s . institutions . payment should be in u . s . funds by check or postal money order made payable to anthropological linguistics . visa and mastercard are also accepted . subscriptions and inquires should be sent to : anthropological linguistics , student building 130 ( c ) , indiana university , bloomington , in 47405 usa ; fax : ( 812 ) 855-7529 ; e-mail : < anthling @ indiana . edu > . for abstracts and more information , visit our website at : < http : / / www . indiana . edu / ~ anthling >
  """",0
  2151,""""Subject: speaking through the silence , laine a . berman
   
   speaking through the silence : narratives , social conventions , and power in java laine a . berman , school of australian and international studies , deakin university uncovering the structures and functions of conversational narratives uttered within natural social networks , laine berman shows how working-class javanese women discursively construct identity and meaning within the rigid constraints of an hierarchical social order . she does this by identifying the silences , the """""""" unsaid """""""" , and by revealing both the structure and function of silence in terms of its indexical reference to local meaning . it is here that the force of the javanese language as used in everyday interaction shows itself to be an extremely potent philosophical entity as well as a means of social control . thus , at least in regard to the urban poor , the book boldly questions the difference between traditional definitions of javanese elegance and oppression . this study will contribute to our understanding of the social consequences of language use , to the linguistic knowledge of indonesia and java , and to such basic linguistic issues as narrative structure and function , speech levels and styles , and indexicality features . ( oxford studies in anthropological linguistics 19 ) october 1998 276 pp . ; 8 halftones 0-19 - 510888 - 4 $ 65 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
  """",0
  2152,""""Subject: a minimalist approach to intrasentential code switching , jeff macswan
   
   macswan , jeff ; a minimalist approach to intrasentential code switching ; 0-8153 - 3274 - 2 , cloth ; pages 329 , $ 71 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this book explores the consequences of chomsky 's minimalist program for the data of bilingual language mixture . in the model developed , lexical items may be drawn from the lexicon of either language to introduce features into the numeration which must be checked for convergence in the same way as monolingual features must be checked ( or must not """""""" mismatch """""""" ) . the author 's proposed disjunction theorem further provides that code switching is impossible in the computation n ' since the rule ordering ( or constraint ranking ) associated with the phonological component is not preserved under union ( code switching ) . an extensive discussion shows that the analyses of previous """""""" constraint-oriented """""""" proposals may be derived from the basic feature-checking apparatus of this system . an original corpus of spanish - nahuatl code switching data is additionally presented . the work also discusses applied issues in bilingualism , touching upon assessment , tracking of minority-language students , and notions of bilingual competence and attributed language """""""" deficits . """""""" here the author contends that code switchers are exquisitely sensitive to extremely subtle requirements of both their languages , just as monolinguals are sensitive to theirs . this book will be of interest to scholars in linguistics , bilingualism , and language education . e - mail : info @ garland . com
  """",0
  2153,""""Subject: social science and conversation analysis , harvey sacks
   
   harvey sacks : social science and conversation analysis david silverman , goldsmiths college , london """""""" harvey sacks , as the say , was an original . david silverman provides a thoughtful , lucid account of his penetrating work . i urge anyone concerned with occuring speech to read this book . one 's sense of how to interpret what is said will be changed . even if one does not adopt the approach , one will have an essential landmark and reference point to inform what one does oneself . """""""" - - dell hymes , university of virginia """""""" david silverman is to be thanked for leading the novice and the expert through the complex , heretofore underground corpus of harvey sacks 's work . finally , the social science community can study and learn from sacks 's pathbreaking studies of talk and conversational analysis . the social science community in the field of everyday life studies owes silverman a great debt . """""""" - - norman k . denzin , university of illinois this is the first book-length introduction to the work of harvey sacks , a highly influential sociologist who prior to his tragic death in 1975 developed the theories that came to be known as conversation analysis and ethnomethodology - - theories that have grown to become extremely popular within linguistics , sociology , psychology and anthropology . this volume should be of interest to both students and scholars of conversation analysis and sacks ' work . october 1998 232 pp . 0-19 - 521473 - 0 paper $ 19 . 95 0-19 - 521472 - 2 cloth $ 39 . 95 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
  """",0
  2154,""""Subject: pragmatics of conditional marking , scott a . schwenter
   
   schwenter , scott a . ; pragmatics of conditional marking : implicature , scalarity , and exclusivity ; 0-8153 - 3309 - 9 , cloth ; pages 275 , $ 63 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this study examines the meaning of prototypical conditional-sentence markers like english if and spanish si from a primarily pragmatic perspective . it argues that the sense of """""""" hypotheticality """""""" often associated with the encoded semantics of such markers is actually a pragmatic conversational implicature that is cancelable in certain discourse contexts . the analysis therefore redraws in radical fashion the semantics-pragmatics boundary as it applies to the meaning of conditional markers . a number of key implications are presented in detail . first , it is shown that """""""" factual """""""" if-clauses , typically considered anomalous despite their frequent occurrence in many types of discourse , fall out from the predictions made by the pragmatic view of conditional marker meaning . second , it is demonstrated that the """""""" hypotheticality """""""" implicature interacts with the well-known implicature of conditional perfection , and that this interaction allows one to predict when """""""" biconditional """""""" readings of simple conditionals will and will not arise . more generally , the model of meaning developed in this book permits clear links to be made between conditionality and other conceptual domains , such as adversativity and scalarity . these links are examined in chapters 4 and 5 using declarative-sentence uses of spanish si as the empirical testing ground . this book will be of interest to linguists working in semantics and pragmatics , discourse analysis , and hispanic linguistics . it will also appeal to scholars interested in the interface between communication and cognition . e - mail : info @ garland . com
  """",0
  2155,""""Subject: phrase structures in competition : variation and change in old eng
   
   pintzuk , susan ; phrase structures in competition : variation and change in old english word order ; 0-8153 - 3269 - 6 , cloth ; pages 285 , $ 63 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics this book investigates variation and change in old english word order , with special emphasis on the position of the verb . it is argued that variation in surface word order is primarily a reflex of synchronic variation in underlying structure , head-initial vs . head-final . in particular , variation in the position of the verb is best explained by an analysis of competing head-initial and head-final structure within both vp and ip , with obligatory movement of the finite verb to i . together with processes of postposition , cliticization , and further verb movement from i to c in a restricted set of exceptional clause types , this derives the attested word order patterns of old english . the verb-second phenomenon in old english can then be seen to involve verb movement to clause-medial i in both main and subordinate clauses , as in yiddish and icelandic , rather than verb movement to c in main clauses only , as in german and dutch . the structural analysis is proposed on the basis of standard distributional tests used in formal syntactic theory . this structural analysis is then further supported by quantitative evidence using methodology adapted from sociolinguistic approaches to language variation and change . it is demonstrated that the frequency of i - initial structure increases during the old english period at the same rate in both main and subordinate clauses , supporting the hypothesis of identical structures and processes in the two clause types . this book with be of interest to scholars in the areas of old english syntax , germanic syntax , and syntactic variation and change . e - mail : info @ garland . com
  """",0
  2156,""""Subject: second language learning theories , r . mitchell and f . myles
   
   second language learning theories rosamond mitchell and florence myles , both at university of southampton this text presents an accessible and concise overview of the most current theories and approaches of second language learning . it provides an up-to - date introduction to the key concepts and issues , as well as a brief history of this area of research . written for students coming to the study of linguistics for the first time , the book covers a wide range of approaches , including linguistic , cognitive , and social . ( an arnold publication ) october 1998 240 pp . ; 21 linecuts 0-340 - 66312 - x paper $ 19 . 95 0-340 - 66311 - 1 cloth $ 60 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
  """",0
  2157,""""Subject: uci working papers in linguistics , vol 4 , 1998
   
   irvine linguistics students association ( ilsa ) is pleased to announce the publication of uci working papers in linguistics volume 4 ( 1998 ) . : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : uci working papers in linguistics , volume 4 ( 1998 ) . edited by hidehito hoshi articles appearing in the fourth volume are : brian agbayani : chain types and optionality naomi harada : toward a restrictive theory of parameters : interactions between functional and lexical categories hidehito hoshi : overt case features and """""""" bare np """""""" - movement toru ishii : islands and movement types murat kural : verb movementin english and morphological transparency chen - sheng liu : parallelism and economy kazue takeda : single consonant reduplication and causative formation in kammu sze - wing tang : bare and not - so - bare small clauses : evidence from japanese us $ 14 , plus shipping and handling : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : also available : uci dissertations in linguistics brian agbayani ( 1998 ) . feature attraction and category movement griffith , teresa a ( 1996 ) . projecting transitivity and agreement ikawa , hajime ( 1996 ) . overt movement as a reflex of morphology ishii , toru ( 1997 ) . an asymmetry in the composition of phrase structure and its consequences li , xiaoguang ( 1997 ) . deriving distributivity in mandarin chinese takano , yuji ( 1996 ) . movement and parametric variation in syntax tang , sze - wing ( 1998 ) . parametrization of features in syntax zoerner , cyril edward ( 1995 ) . coordination : the syntax of &p us $ 14 each , plus shipping and handling : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : uci working papers in linguistics , volume 3 ( 1997 ) . edited by luther chen - sheng liu and kazue takeda articles appearing in the third volume are : brian agbayani : category raising , adjunction , and minimality lisa lai - shen cheng : """""""" partial """""""" wh - movement naoki fukui : attract and the a - over - a principle toru ishii : the """""""" crossing """""""" constraint and the minimal link condition luther chen - sheng liu : light verb and accusative - ing gerund in taiwanese yuji takano : scrambling and partial object shift kazue takeda : a note on locality of category movement and feature movement sze - wing tang : the parametric approach to the resultative construction in chinese and english miyoko yashui : identification of ellipses and other empty categories us $ 14 , plus shipping and handling uci working papers in linguistics , volume 2 : proceedings of the south western optimality theory workshop ( swot ii ) . edited by brian agbayani and naomi harada us $ 12 , plus shipping and handling uci working papers in linguistics , volume 1 . edited by brian agbayani , kazue takeda and sze - wing tang us $ 12 , plus shipping and handling shipping and handling ( per item ) domestic : $ 4 ; canada : $ 6 ; mexico : $ 7 ( airmail ) , $ 5 ( surface ) ; elsewhere : $ 12 ( airmail ) , $ 7 ( surface ) * international shipping and handling rates are subject to the numbers of items ordered and location . please contact < ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu > in ordering more than one item from abroad . prepayment required . please make checks or money orders payable to ' ilsa-asuci ' . we cannot accept credit card payment . payment must be in us funds , drawn on a us bank . please allow 4 - 6 weeks for delivery . send order form and payment to : irvine linguistics students association , school of social sciences , university of california , irvine , irvine , ca 92697 , u . s . a . please address inquires to ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu order form customer information name : street address : city , province / state : country , zip code : telephone number : e - mail : item quantity price per item total uciwpl - 1 $ 12 $ uciwpl - 2 $ 12 $ uciwpl - 3 $ 14 $ uciwpl - 4 $ 14 $ agbayani $ 14 $ griffith $ 14 $ ikawa $ 14 $ ishii $ 14 $ li $ 14 $ takano $ 14 $ tang $ 14 $ zoerner $ 14 $ shipping : $ total : $ for more information about uci working papers in linguistics and uci dissertations in linguistics , please contact < ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu > or see ilsa 's homepage < http : / / www . socsci . uci . edu / ling / ilsa / ilsahp . html > . tables of contents of uciwpl and abstracts of ucidl are available in ilsa 's homepage . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ irvine linguistics students association ( ilsa ) school of social sciences university of california , irvine irvine , ca 92697-5100 , u . s . a . ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu http : / / www . socsci . uci . edu / ling / ilsa / ilsahp . html
  """",0
  2158,""""Subject: functional phonology , paul boersma
   
   new from holland academic graphics : functional phonology . formalizing the interactions between articulatory and perceptual drives by paul boersma in functional phonology , paul boersma develops a theory that seeks to explain and describe the data of the languages of the world from general capabilities of human motor behaviour and perception . by separating the roles of the articulation and the audition of speech sounds , it predicts and clarifies generalizations about the organization of human speech , and solves several outstanding controversial phonological issues . providing a synthesis between the """""""" phonetic """""""" and """""""" phonological """""""" standpoints , the theory of functional phonology expresses explanatory functional principles like the minimization of articulatory effort and the minimization of perceptual confusion directly in a descriptive formal grammar , and offers a typologically and empirically adequate alternative to generative theories of autosegmental phonology and feature geometry . the subjects covered in this book include articulation and perception models , constraint-based accounts of phonetic implementation , the acquisition of articulatory and perceptual phonological feature values , an algorithm for learning stochastic grammars , the construction of phoneme inventories , circular optimization in sound change , and a determination of the fundamental principles that underlie the surface phenomena sometimes ascribed to the primitive phonological operations of spreading and the obligatory contour principle . this book will appeal to phonologists interested in the possibility that the grammar directly reflects common principles of efficient and effective communication , to phoneticians interested in the idea that phonetic explanations can be expressed as constraint interactions in a formal grammar , and to any linguist interested in the innateness debate . contents : introduction part i . representations 1 . representations and features 2 . articulation model 3 . acoustical simulation 4 . perception models 5 . test of the articulation model part ii . constraints 6 . functional optimality theory 7 . articulatory constraints 8 . perceptual contrast and faithfulness 10 . acoustical faithfulness 11 . typology and the local-ranking hypothesis 12 . corespondence 13 . degrees of specification part iii . grammar 14 . learning a production grammar 15 . how we learn variation , optionality and probability 16 . inventories 17 . sound change 18 . the obligatory contour principle 19 . spreading 20 . conclusion 1998 . xii + 494 pp . isbn 90 5569 054 6 . paperback . [ lot international series 11 . ifott / university of amsterdam dissertation . ] price for individuals ordering directly from hag : nlg 66 . 00 ( excl . p&p and vat ) . holland academic graphics , the hague < http : / / www . hagpub . com > .
  """",0
  2159,""""Subject: causal connectives have presuppositions , luuk lagerwerf
   
   newly available from holland academic graphics causal connectives have presuppositions effects on coherence and discourse structure by luuk lagerwerf this book is a detailed study of the discourse semantic properties of causal connectives and their presuppositions . the interpretation process of connectives like although and because , and their dutch counterparts , will be followed from the recognition of subtle meaning differences of a connective used in different contexts , an explanation for these differences in terms of presuppositions , an analysis of the way these presuppositions manipulate lexical knowledge to infer causal coherence relations and the effect of these coherence relations on antecedents of propositional anaphors in discourse structure . contents : 1 . introduction 2 . causal and contrastive relations 3 . presuppositions for causal connectives 4 . inference and enforcement 5 . causality in discourse structure 6 . conclusion 1998 . viii + 254 pp . isbn : 90 5569 053 8 . paperback . [ lot international series 10 . cls / tilburg university dissertation . ] price for individuals ordering directly from the publisher : nlg 41 . 20 ( excl . p&p ) . the hague , holland academic graphics : http : / / www . hagpub . com .
  """",0
  2160,""""Subject: book review
   
   gopnik , alison and andrew n . meltzoff ( 1997 ) words , thoughts and theories . cambridge : mit press . 268 pages . $ 14 ( paperback ) reviewd by laura wagner , university of massachusetts . gopnik and meltzoff ( g&m ) have written a book that is full of ideas and information . they are interested in what our representations of the world look like and they are pushing the view they call the theory theory : that our representations are organized around theories . more than that , they argue that children 's representations of the world are also organized around theories and that developmental changes children undergo are in fact changes in their theories . even more than that , they argue that the theory revisions that children make are of precisely the same type as scientific theory revisions . that is , the difference between a 9 month old and an 18 month old is essentially the same as that between a newtonian physicist and an einsteinian physicist : they possess qualitatively different theories of how the world works . the use of """""""" words """""""" in the title refers to two claims that g&m make : one , that children 's early vocabulary reflects technical notions in their theory du jour and two , that linguistic elements can act as part of the evidence children use in theory building . the book is divided into three sections , in addition to the introduction and conclusion . the first section addresses the theoretical commitments of the theory theory and relates it other theories of cognitive organization and development . the second section examines three domains of knowledge for evidence of children 's changing theories . the third section has a neo - whorfian flavor and addresses the question of how different languages could effect children 's theory-building . part 1 : the theory theory in this section , g&m face head on what is certainly the most difficult of their claims to swallow , namely that children 's early theories about the world are qualitatively the same as scientific theories and subject to revision in the same ways . while acknowledging that there are many differences between the ways scientists and infants operate , they nevertheless maintain that they both construct the same sorts of theories in the same ways . the theories of both are abstract and general , and therefore provide a means for making predictions in a variety of domains . both groups are concerned with the match of the theory to the world and will maintain a theory only as long as the evidence supports it . when evidence mounts against a theory , the theory holder goes into a transitional state , actively seeking out new sorts of evidence , conducting experiments and developing new technical vocabulary as they settle into a new and better theory . one of g&m 's strong claims is that the standard adult theory ( the so-called """""""" folk-physics """""""" and """""""" folk-psychology """""""" , e . g . ) is in principle open to revision ; it was developed in response to inadequate child theories of the world , and , as with all scientific theories , it too will be revised , if the need arises . the second chapter in this section compares the theory theory to two other prominent cognitive models , modularity and empirical generalizations ( e . g . , scripts , connectionism ) . g&m do not present the theory theory as a substitute for either of these models completely but as taking over some roles from each . thus , with respect to modularity , the theory theory accounts well for many central cognitive processes and some of the less perceptually oriented modular processes ; with respect to empirical generalizations , the theory theory is better equipped to deal with things like causal linkages and can provide a deeper level of explanation in general , but such generalizations may still form an important basis for the creation of theories . part 2 : evidence for the theory theory part 2 consists of three chapters which each take on a different knowledge domain and show how the theory theory can explain children 's development in these areas . chapter 4 deals with children 's theories of appearances and addresses children 's development with respect to object permanence . chapter 5 takes on children 's theories of action and causality with animate and inanimate things . chapter 5 addresses children 's developing theories of natural kinds . each chapter discusses what the adult theory in each of these domains looks like and then marshals experimental evidence that demonstrates what the infant 's initial theory looks like and what subsequent revisions to their theory the children make . in each domain , they argue that children make crucial theory changes around the ages of 9 months and again around the age of 18 months . g&m report the results from many experiments ( a large number of them conducted by g and / or m themselves ) which amply illustrate that children 's competence in these domains changes ( and improves ) with age . this experimental evidence is at times augmented with anecdotal accounts of how infants affectively interact with different tasks at different ages . g&m are looking for scientific behavior from these children and it is therefore important not only that children can pass more tasks as they get older ( and their theories get better ) but that they view the tasks differently as they get older . they point to examples of emotional consternation that infants show around the time that their theories are putatively changing . thus , a 15 month old will fail to find an object that has been secretly moved to a new hiding place but will be unperturbed by her failure ; a 21 month old will find the object in the new place but will be unimpressed by her own success . an 18 month old , however , is both deeply disturbed when she fails ( and by the structure of the task as a whole ) but is joyful with success . g&m argue that such affective differences reflect something like the blase-ness of normal science compared to the eureka moments that mark a theory in change . with respect to linguistics , one of the claims from these chapters is that early utterances may correspond to technical vocabulary of newly formed theories . g&m 's arguments are particularly intriguing with respect to performative utterances , such as """""""" gone """""""" and """""""" uhoh """""""" which are quite frequent in the speech of 18 month olds but have been largely ignored in language acquisition studies . they claim that , for example , the emergence of the word """""""" gone """""""" in child speech is closely linked with children 's ability to solve an invisible displacement task ( when an object is secretly moved to a new hiding place ) . """""""" gone """""""" indicates an object that is out of sight for any reason , and it is in effect a technical term , reflecting a concept in the infant 's new theory . part 3 : language and thought in the previous chapters , the kinds of evidence that g&m suggested were driving theory formation and revision arose primarily from children 's interactions with objects , actions and people in the world . in this chapter , g&m note that language itself is part of the child 's world and different languages could in principle provide different kinds of evidence . since the children 's theories are not innately given but are presumed to be constructed on the basis of the evidence they get from the world , different kinds of linguistic evidence could lead to different theories , or at least to different rates of theory formation . they find support for the effects of language in theory building in a series of longitudinal , crosslinguistic studies looking at children acquiring korean and english . they do not cover the experiments in detail , but the gist of them appears to be that korean is more verb-centric while english is more noun-centric and this linguistic difference translates into korean children developing their theories of action more quickly than their english counterparts , who for their turn , develop their theories of natural kinds more quickly than the korean children . evaluation despite the fact that the theory theory informs an active psychological research program , this book is primarily a book of philosophy . thus , the results from a large number of experimental investigations are discussed but no one experiment is discussed in sufficient detail to be critically evaluated . any reader not already well acquainted with the cognitive developmental literature may find themselves somewhat confused ( and perhaps somewhat unconvinced ) about how g&m are able to draw the conclusions that they do from the experiments reported . this problem might have been remedied to some extent by detailed explanations of one or two experiments that could act as representative examples and the use of diagrams depicting the sorts of tasks used to test infants . a few more diagrams and / or summary tables would have been helpful in general . the theory theory is dynamic in form and g&m trace two or three theory changes within three different knowledge domains . the critical point about theory change comes through clearly , but many of the details get lost in the mass of information ; a summary table describing the different theories ( and perhaps the evidence that leads to theory revision ) would have been a useful reference . although g&m devote an entire chapter to persuading the reader that infant theory development and scientific theory development are the same , ultimately this argument remains unconvincing and the insistence on this point throughout the book has the effect of lessening the force of their claims , rather than strengthening them . there are many reasons to be skeptical of the link between the two sets of theory builders but i think the most compelling reason to reject their argument is that it seems to do a grave injustice to the entrenchment of our folk-scientific reasoning . in a nutshell , our adult folk-science is a stable level of knowledge and may not , even in principle , be subject to revision . g&m try to argue against this powerful intuition in two ways . first , they point to the fact that science has moved beyond our folk theories , so those theories can't be the last word in what is true . while i agree that einsteinian physics is probably more true ( i . e . , a better model of the world ) than my own folk-physics , i ' m still stuck with my inadequate theory . g&m appeal to the division of knowledge-labor to claim that the theory really has changed at a societal level , but that only highlights the fact that for the common person , our folk-science is unrevisable . g&m 's second argument that our folk-science is open to revision is that we can imagine a world that would require a different theory , and they frequently invoke the tv show star trek as illustrating such a world . this fantasy argument leaves me entirely cold , partially because i have no strong intuitions ( as g&m seem to ) about , for example , the status of objects in a star trek transporter beam , and partially because i believe that they are placing far to heavy a burden on a piece of popular fiction . it should be noted , however , that rejecting the most extreme of g&m 's claims does not fundamentally undermine their arguments that knowledge is organized around theories and that developmental change reflects changes in children 's theories . even if children 's theories are not of the same type as scientific theories , analyzing our knowledge in terms of some kind of theory and children 's development as some form of theory change is still a very intriguing and compelling perspective to take . in sum , g&m have raised a number of extremely interesting questions about the nature of knowledge representation , the nature of theories , the nature of cognitive development and the relationship of language to cognitive development . they offer the theory theory as a way to address these questions and , although one might not believe that the theory theory actually has the answers , it is certainly an important view in the debate . reviewed by laura wagner , department of psychology , university of massachusetts - amherst . my research centers on children 's acquisition of tense and aspect .
  """",0
  2161,""""Subject: association for computational linguistics
   
   call for tutorial proposals the acl ' 99 ( association for computational linguistics , 1999 ) program committee invites proposals for the tutorial program for acl ' 99 , to be held at the university of maryland , college park , md , usa , june 20 - - 26 , 1999 . the tutorials for acl ' 99 will be held on june 20th . each tutorial should be well-focused so that its core content can be covered in a three hour tutorial slot ( including a 30 minute break ) . in exceptional cases , 6 - hour tutorial slots are possible as well . there will be space and time for at most four three-hour tutorials . submission details proposals for tutorials should contain : * a title and brief ( < 500 word ) content description of the tutorial topic . * the names , postal addresses , phone numbers , and email addresses of the tutorial speakers , with one-paragraph statement of the speaker 's ( s ' ) research interests and areas of expertise . * any special requirements for technical needs ( computer infrastructure , etc . ) proposals should be submitted by electronic mail , in plain ascii ( iso8859 - 1 ) text as soon as possible , but no later than december 18th , 1998 . the subject line should be : """""""" acl 99 tutorial proposal """""""" . please note : proposals will not be accepted by regular mail or fax . please submit your proposals and any inquiries to : richard sproat , acl ' 99 tutorials chair bell laboratories , lucent technologies 600 mountain avenue , murray hill , nj 07974 usa rws @ research . bell-labs . com practical arrangements accepted tutorial speakers must provide descriptions of their tutorials for inclusion in the conference registration material by march 1 , 1999 . the description must be provided in three formats : a latex version that fits onto 1 / 2 page ; an ascii ( iso8859 - 1 ) version that can be included with the email announcement ; an html version that can be included on the conference home page . tutorial speakers will provide tutorial materials , at least containing copies of the overhead sheets used , by may 1 , 1999 . finances : the current acl policy is that tutorials are reimbursed at the following rate : $ 500 per session plus $ 25 per registrant in the range 21-50 plus $ 15 per registrant in excess of 50 . note that this is per tutorial , not per presenter : multiple presenters will split the proceeds , the default assumption being an even split . the acl does not usually cover travel expenses except where the presenter ( s ) cannot get them through the usual mechanisms : for acl members we assume that they would be coming to the meeting anyway . for people who are not acl members , we would expect to pay for costs that they cannot get reimbursed elsewhere . important dates submission deadline for tutorial proposal : 18 dec 1998 notification of acceptance of tutorial proposal : 28 dec 1998 tutorial descriptions due to tutorial chair : 1 mar 1999 tutorial course material due to tutorial chair : 1 may 1999 tutorials date : 20 june 1999
  """",0
  2162,""""Subject: workshop on semi - lexical heads
   
   * * call for papers * * workshop on semi-lexical heads tilburg university , thursday 20 may and friday 21 may 1999 invited speakers : joseph emonds ( university of durham ) hubert haider ( university of salzburg ) elisabeth loebel ( university of cologne ) semi-lexical heads the distinction between lexical / major categories , on the one hand , and functional / minor / grammatical categories , on the other , is at the heart of present-day grammatical theory , but plays an equally central role in theories on language acquisition , code switching , aphasia , etcetera . in the course of time , various diagnostic criteria have been proposed which distinguish the one class from the other : e . g . productivity , distribution , lack versus presence of semantic content . although for certain clear-cut cases ( e . g . the distinction between noun and determiner ) , this distinction is quite straightforward , there are many lexical items for which it is less easy to decide whether they side with the lexical categories or with the functional ones . the category p is a well-known case of uncertainty . although it seems less functional in a sense than a determiner , it is more """""""" grammatical """""""" than n , v and a . some people have argued that a distinction should be made within the class of prepositions between the lexical ones and the grammatical or functional ones ( cf . van riemsdijk 1990 ; zwarts 1992 ) this gradualness on the lexical-functional """""""" scale """""""" is characteristic of other categories as well and is reminiscent of ross 's ( 1972 ; 1973 ) notion of squish , which refers to degrees of nouniness ( or verbiness ) of syntactic categories . emonds ( 1985 ) speaks bout grammatical nouns , verbs , adjectives and prepositions , and also refers to them as disguised lexical categories . another appropriate term would be semi-lexical heads , i . e . heads which are hybrid in the sense that they display both lexical and functional / grammatical characteristics . what kinds of lexical items might possibly be considered semi-lexical ? for the nominal domain , emonds ( 1985 ) refers to such items as the pro-form """""""" one """""""" in """""""" the good ones """""""" , reflexive """""""" self """""""" ( cf . """""""" selves """""""" ) , and """""""" thing """""""" as it occurs in """""""" something good """""""" . classifiers and quantity-designating nominals in pseudopartitive constructions like """""""" three grains of sand """""""" might be considered semi-lexical as well . within the verbal domain , semi-lexical candidates might arguably be : auxiliary verbs ( see emonds 85 for this claim ) , certain verbs featuring in verb clusters in germanic verb raising constructions , verbs in serialization constructions , etcetera . within the adjectival domain , one might take such quantifiers as """""""" many """""""" , """""""" few """""""" , """""""" much """""""" as instances of semi-lexical adjectives . the above is just a brief sketch of potential semi-lexical heads . presumably , there are many more . here are some of the more concrete questions that might arise in the study of semi-lexical heads : v what types of semi-lexical nouns , verbs , adjectives and prepositions can be distinguished ? what distinguishes them from truly lexical categories and in what sense are they different from truly grammatical functors ? is this distinction expressed in terms of their lexical feature-composition , and if so , what features are involved ? what is their assembling property ; i . e . how do they combine in syntactic structure and how do they project syntactically ? are they involved in idiosyncratic displacement phenomenona , and if so , what feature of the semi-lexical head triggers this ? what is the licensing function of semi-lexical heads ? what makes them interpretable at the interface levels ? also from a diachronic point of view , the question arises how lexical heads develop gradually into semi-lexical ones . is there cross-linguistic variation in the range of semi-lexical heads and if so , what does this variation reside in ? besides the question of how semi-lexical heads behave in the syntactic component , questions arise about their behavior in other components : are there morphological processes characteristic of semi-lexical heads ? as concerns the lexicon , the question arises how they are stored in the lexicon and what distinguishes their lexical entry from that of truly lexical categories . abstracts : abstracts are invited for 30 minutes talks ( with an additional ten minutes for discussion ) . abstracts should be anonymous , and should be no longer than two pages , including references and examples , with margins of at least 1 - inch , font size 11 / 12 . submissions are limited to a maximum of one individual and one joint abstract per author . please provide 5 anonymous abstracts and one camera-ready original containing title , author 's name and affiliation . submissions by e-mail or fax can be accepted , provided a camera-ready original is received within one week after the deadline . a separate card should contain the title of the paper , author 's name , affiliation , address , telephone number and e-mail address . we have the intention to publish ( a selection of ) the papers . we expect to be able to partially reimburse you for travel and / or vhotel expenses , but precise figures are not available as yet . * * * * * * * * * * * deadline for receipt of abstracts : monday 1 february , 1999 . abstracts should be sent to the following address : norbert corver grammar models group department of linguistics tilburg university p . o . box 90153 5000 le tilburg the netherlands phone : + 31 13 4662773 e - mail : secretariaat . gm . fdl @ kub . nl fax : + 31-13 - 4663110 organizing committee : norbert corver & henk van riemsdijk information about accommodation and travel information will be made available at the grammar models web site , which is accessible at : http : / / cwis . kub . nl / ~ fdl / research / gm / conf . htm
  """",0
  2163,""""Subject: cognitive linguistics 9 : 2 ( 1998 ) , 9 : 3 ( 1998 )
   
   cognitive linguistics volume 9 : 2 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york alan cienki . . . . . . . . . . . . straight : an image schema and its metaphorical extensions william croft . . . . . . . . . . linguistic evidence and mental representations squibs joseph hilferty , javier valenzuela and oscar vilarroya . . . . . . . . paradox lost david kemmerer . . . . . . . . . is syntax based on spatial image schemas in the inferior parietal cortex ? evidence against deane 's parietal hypothesis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cognitive linguistics volume 9 : 3 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york mira ariel . . . . . . . . . . the linguistic status of the ` here and now ' juergen bohnemeyer . . temporal reference from a radical pragmatics perspective . why yucatec does not need to express ` after ' and ` before ' scott k . lidell . . . . . grounded blends , gestures , and conceptual shifts book reviews susanne niemeyer . . . . friedrich ungerer and hans - joerg schmid , an intro - duction to cognitive linguistics pieter a . m . seuren . . bernd kortmann , adverbial subordination : a typology and history of adverbial subordinators based on european languages _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de this and further publications can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
  """",0
  2164,""""Subject: koyra chiini ( songhay languages / west africa )
   
   jeffrey heath a grammar of koyra chiini the songhay of timbuktu 1998 . 24 x 16 cm . xvi , 453 pages . cloth dm 298 , - / approx . us $ 186 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 016285 - 7 mouton grammar library 19 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this volume presents the first grammar in english of a language of the songhay family of west africa . a sharp typological boundary separates koyra chiini in the timbuktu area from other songhay languages of west africa , including koroboro senni of nearby gao . for example , koyra chiini differs from these other languages in its basic constituent order ( vo ) and in its syntax of focalization and relativization ( extraction with zero traces ) . since the phonology is fairly simple , this grammar emphasizes grammatical categories and morphosyntax . topics covered in depth include pronominal categories , logophorics , np conjunction , instrumentals , aspect , the subjunctive mood , the ` all ' quantifier , serial verbs , focalization , discourse-functional particles , and relativization . there is a concluding chapter on topics in spatio-temporal and lexical semantics . though the main grammar is based squarely on the timbuktu variety , there is a short appendix on dialects farther upriver , and a long appendix on djenne chiini , a remarkable offshoot of koyra chiini spoken in the songhay enclave city of djenne . djenne chiini has seven vowel qualities to koyra chiini 's five , and has a different syntax based on in situ rather than extracted focalization and relativization . this comparative material is of special importance in that koyra chiini ( and djenne chiini ) are possible semi-creolized songhay varieties dating from the westward expansion of the songhay empire ( capital : gao ) of the late middle ages . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
  """",0
  2165,""""Subject: the collected works of bronislaw pilsudski
   
   alfred f . majewicz ( editor ) the collected works of bronislaw pilsudski volume 1 . the aborigines of sakhalin 1998 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xviii , 792 pages cloth dm 478 , - / approx . us $ 299 . 00 trends in linguistics . documentation 15 - 1 volume 2 . materials for the study of the ainu language and folklore ( cracow 1912 ) 1998 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xiv , 872 pages cloth dm 498 , - / approx . us $ 311 . 00 trends in linguistics . documentation 15 - 2 these two volumes open the edition of the collected works of bronislaw pilsudski , an eminent self-made scholar , whom history has proved to have been one of the most remarkable explorers of the languages and cultures of the small aboriginal peoples inhabiting the island of sakhalin and the adjacent lower amur region at the turn of the twentieth century : the sakhalin ainu , nivhgu ( gilyaks ) , oroks , olchas , and nanais . pilsudski , hardly leaving any important aspect of their life untouched , presents a versatile and incomparable image of the spiritual and material world of communities long since extinct . a small part of pilsudski 's works , written in languages ranging from german , french , and english to russian , polish and japanese appeared in small , local periodicals now constituting bibliographical rarities retrieved . for the most part , however , his writings have remained unpublished up to the present day . conceived under the auspices of the international commitee for the restoration and assessment of the work of bronislaw pilsudski ( icrap ) , this edition reconstructs pilsudski 's invaluable contribution to the humanities . at the same time it presents a reconstruction of the world of the sakhalin natives which has been absorbed by the past . volume 1 : the aborigines of sakhalin . this volume contains translations into english of the polish , russian and japanese material on , for example , the history , folklore , economic life , shamanism , sexual life , medical anthropology , and the bear festival which has been published between 1898 and 1936 , mainly in local journals which are hardly accessible today . english , french and german articles appear in the original language . volume 2 : materials for the study of the ainu language and folklore ( cracow 1912 ) . a reprint of the classic 1912 cracow edition with an accompanying index . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
  """",0
  2166,""""Subject: probus 10 : 2 ( 1998 )
   
   p r o b u s international journal of latin and romance linguistics volume 10 - 2 ( 1998 ) special issue ` going romance ' frank drijkoningen , brigitte kampers - manhe and jan schroten ( editors ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york editorial statement anna gavarro . . . . . . . . . . . . word order alternations and feature assignment in bilingual catalan acquisition luis silva - villar . . . . . . . morphology and syntax of romance imperatives : an incomplete history denis bouchard . . . . . . . . . . the distribution and interpretation of adjectives in french : a consequence of bare phrase structure paul rowlett . . . . . . . . . . . . a non-overt negative operator in french randall gess . . . . . . . . . . . . old french nocoda effects from constraint interaction m . carme picallo . . . . . . . . on the extended projection principle and null expletive subjects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
  """",0
  2167,""""Subject: pwpl volume 5 . 1 ( proceedings of plc 22 )
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * pwpl v . 5 . 1 : proceedings of the 22nd annual * * penn linguistics colloquium * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * volume 5 . 1 of the university of pennsylvania working papers in linguistics , ( proceedings of the 22nd annual penn linguistics colloquium ) , is now available . 1 . dora alexopoulou : detaching discourse functions from functional projections 2 . sharon armon-lotem & stephen crain : interface conditions on child language : a cross - linguistic look at genitives . 3 . ralph c . blight : formal features and movement at pf . 4 . jocelyn cohan : semantic features of determiners : toward an account for complements of d . 5 . miriam eckert : discourse deixis and anaphora resolution in german . 6 . roland hinterhoelzl : the syntax of ipp constructions and the structure of the lower middlefield in westgermanic . 7 . beth ann hockey & zsuzsanna fagyal : pre - boundary lengthening : universal or language - specific ? the case of hungarian . 8 . howard lasnik : some reconstruction riddles . 9 . fengxiang li & lindsay j . whaley : the life and death of derivational morphology : reduplication in oroqen . 10 . jeffrey lidz & william j . idsardi : chains and phono - logical form . 11 . simona pekarek : deixis and the interactional construction of context . 12 . joan rafel : complex small clauses . 13 . ann m . reed : sloppy definites . 14 . chuanchih wang : an event syntactic account of delimitation in mandarin . 15 . susi wurmbrand : restructuring control . volumes are $ 15 us , pre-paid . please do not order by email , as we can only process prepaid orders . ( we do accept purchase orders and standing orders from institutional buyers ) . send check or money order , made out to """""""" penn linguistics club """""""" , to the following address : pwpl 619 williams hall university of pennsylvania philadelphia , pa 19104-6305 u . s . a . there is currently no charge for shipping & handling ( this includes international orders ) . please allow 3 - 6 weeks for delivery . volume 5 . 1 was edited by alexis dimitriadis , hikyoung lee , christine moisset and alexander williams .
  """",0
  2168,""""Subject: re : ter meulen 's review
   
   ter meulen , alice g . b . , ( 1997 ) representing time in natural language , the dynamic interpretation of tense and aspect , mit press , cambridge mass . , 160 pages , isbn 0-262 - 70066 - 2 , $ 12 . 50 ( paperback ) . reviewed by anne reboul , loria-cnrs , france . anne . reboul @ loria . fr 0 . introduction ter meulen 's book is a good introduction to the work which she has been doing during the past few years on both the representation of eventualities and temporal reasoning . the book combines her approach 's desire not to lose information previously given in discourse with semantic principles which are squarely based on situation semantics . this allows her to introduce dynamic aspect trees ( dats ) , which can loosely be described as temporal inference pumps . ter meulen points out that , though common sense reasoning plays an important role in temporal reasoning , it is not her aim to deal with it . finally the present paperback edition of the book incorporates an appendix giving some exercises on dat construction and a short account of the resemblance and difference between drt and dats . 1 . 0 book summary preface ter meulen aims to account for the linguistic and informational balance between static and dynamic information , proposing abstract semantic principles relative to tense and aspect and using tools derived from situation semantics . 1 . introduction language describes the world as being composed of two main types of temporal objects : events which introduce changes and states which do not . this linguistic capacity is accompanied by an inferential ability in interpretation of what is or is not the case when . ter meulen deals only with the simple past , the perfect , the progressive and some uses of the present , that is with tenses which indicate in which order events occur , through weak constraints on the temporal relations between events . the difference between the simple past and the perfect is aspectual , as is obvious when they are examined in the light of the difference between events and states : the simple past describes events in a context-dependent way while the perfect only gives stative information . aspect can be seen as imposing control on the flow of information and here ter meulen introduces three main universal aspectual classes , holes , filters and plugs which are closely related , respectively , to vendler 's classical ontological classes of activities ( """""""" john ran for half an hour """""""" ) , accomplishments ( """""""" john built a house """""""" ) and achievements ( """""""" john won the race """""""" ) . ter meulen introduces the notion of situated reasoning about time : according to her , there is a temporal vantage point in a text from which reasoning about the text can proceed . this is the first ( descriptive ) factor . the second ( aspectual ) factor is the source of information , while the third factor is perspective information . new temporal information is processed against a context ( the given ) which incorporates at least the lexicon and syntax of the language , situated and logical inference rules , other semantic constraints ( presuppositions ) , the available information and the elements of the situation of use . 2 . the aspectual verbs the aspectual verbs describe the internal structure of events and are , in english , """""""" start """""""" , """""""" begin """""""" , """""""" commence """""""" , """""""" initiate """""""" , """""""" resume """""""" ( for event beginnings ) , """""""" continue """""""" , """""""" keep """""""" ( for event middles ) and """""""" end """""""" , """""""" finish """""""" , """""""" terminate """""""" , """""""" halt """""""" , """""""" cease """""""" , """""""" complete """""""" ( for event endings ) . aspectual verbs describing the middle or the end of an event carry anaphoric presupposition ( assumptions about the previous existence not of an event , but of this event ) . aspectual verbs describing the onset of an event semantically have an indefinite and existential character . verbs describing the middle of an event are quantificational verbs and holes . verbs describing the ending of events may be filters or plugs depending on whether they can be finished ( plugs ) or ended ( holes ) . there are pairs of aspectual verbs linked by a semantic contrary relation , such as """""""" start / finish """""""" , """""""" stop / resume """""""" , """""""" resume / finish """""""" , """""""" keep / end """""""" , """""""" continue / end """""""" . in dat 's , events are complex objects , constituted of individuals , their relations and a positive or negative polarity . events can be classified in similarity classes or types based on their parts . a type consists in a relation , objects and a positive or negative polarity , indicating whether the relation holds or does not hold between the objects . types can also include parameters or indeterminate objects and can be used for any constituent apart from polarities . a given situation supports the type if it matches with its constituents . for types including parameters ( parametric types ) , support depends on the existence in the situation of some objects corresponding to the parameter and satisfying both the relation and the polarity . aspectual verbs can also be described in terms of their monotonicity : if inferences , for a given aspectual verbs , are valid from smaller parts to larger parts , the verb is monotone increasing , while if inferences are valid from larger parts to smaller parts , the verbs are monotone decreasing . ter meulen then proposes the aspectual cube , that is a cube allowing the representation of the relations between aspectual verbs as well as of their monotonicity properties . each vortex in the cube has two vertical arrows of which the first represents the dynamic plugs ( upward arrow ) / static holes ( downward arrow ) while the second represents the increasing ( upward arrow ) or decreasing ( downward arrow ) monotonicity . the cube visualizes the dynamic transitions beginning with + start ; and stopping with """""""" end """""""" or """""""" finish """""""" . its bottom corresponds to stative holes , while its top corresponds to dynamic plugs , allowing four combinations of arrows in english : dynamic plugs + increasing monotonicity , dynamic plugs + decreasing monotonicity , stative holes + increasing monotonicity , stative holes + descreasing monotonicity . external negation flips the left arrow changing the dynamicity , while internal negation flips the right arrow . finally , there is an arrow kinematics , whereby the combinations of arrow given above gives a dynamic or stative aspect , this being always determined by the right arrow ( i . e . the value of the combination is always the value of the right arrow ( upward = plug ; downward = hole ) . 3 . dynamic aspect trees ( dats ) dats are a way of graphically representing information about events in directed graphs where nodes , labeled with descriptive information , can be either holes or plugs . each dat has a unique source node ( a plug ) , which is the rightmost terminal node , corresponding to the utterance event and determining the perspective . any information in the past tense has preceded the source and is represented by nodes on a branch to the left of it . present information include the source . thus left-to - right order represents the flow of time while downward arrows represent temporal inclusion . dats are used for temporal reasoning about the past ( though they do not allow modalities and counterfactuals ) . there is also in a dat a single root node , dominating all the other nodes , including the source , and representing the entire episode described . there is also a current node , which is the last constructed one and which can opened ( hole ) or closed ( plug ) , this property determining how the next information will be processed . if the current node is a plug , the new information will be represented as a new node descending from one of the current node 's parent nodes , usually the lowest compatible parent node . simple past tense clauses introduce new nodes , while states , quantificational relations , perfect clauses with """""""" have """""""" and progressive clauses are introduced as stickers on the current node , if it is a plug , or on the next node , if it is a hole . stickers are portable and can be transmitted to new nodes when the dat grows . introducing a new node independent of the current one indicates a change in perspective . a path connecting a set of labeled nodes to the root is a chronoscope and the current chronoscope is the one containing the current node . compatibility relations ( which are symmetric , reflexive and transitive ) are determined both lexically and through the entailment relations between types on the same chronoscope . the notion of chronoscope is one of the main device of temporal reasoning in dats , allowing for persistence , i . e . the preservation of information . however , temporal reasoning depends on the current node , the search for a conclusion starting at the current node . dats are structured semantic objects rather than linguistic expressions and , as such they follow semantic rules . they are interpreted in event structures into which they are embedded and which allow temporal reasoning if they obey semantic constraints . interpretability for a text depends on the possibility of constructing a dat which can be embedded in an event structure obeying these constraints . an embedded dat describes an episode if the event structure in which it is embedded provides values for it . a text is true if the episode described in the dat is part of the world . 4 . states , generic information and constraints stative information are always represented as stickers on nodes in dats , but some states are more permanent than others , this difference being represented as portability conditions in perspective shifts . there are thus rules for downward portability conditions of stickers and for portability conditions for accommodation . portability conditions differ for perfect states and for progressive states . generic stative information is also represented by stickers and can be imported upward depending on whether the property is predicated under default to the members of a given category or on whether it is predicated of the category itself rather than of its members and on whether it appears in conditionals or under temporal quantification . 5 . perspectives a dat gives a certain perspective on the episode it describes and the same episode may be described in different dats , each giving a different perspective on it . this means that dats on the same episode can lead to different conclusions . changes of perspective depend on the rule used for the updating : hole or sticker rules do not change the perspective , plug or filler rules do . in other words , changes of chronoscope correspond to changes of perspective and depend on the status of the current node . there is , however , more to perspective than just creating a new chronoscope when updating the dat : the other possibility goes through perspective refinement . perspective refinement corresponds to the unplugging of a plug which turns it into a hole , allowing the addition of new information under it . the notion of perspective is strongly dependent on the compatibility of information or , more generally , on coherence and it is one of the merits of dat to allow for a more precise content to the rather slippery notion of coherence , relying on the rules for dat construction and the notion of chronoscope . perspective refinements usually correspond to flashbacks and consist of three operations : unplugging nodes in old chronoscopes , resetting the current node to an old one and making the existing nodes and the new nodes just added independent though they are dominated by the same ancestor . ter meulen proposes a tentative definition of such a flashback process . she notes that perspective allows perspective binding of np anaphora and proposes a perspective constraint to deal with it . finally ter meulen outlines the possibility of three-dimensional dats , the third dimension allowing for the representation of independent structures of nodes , though communality of the root is preserved . such three dimensional dats would be called scenarios though each part of such dats with a unique source would still describe an episode . parts of scenarios which incorporates different simultaneous episodes are scenes . 6 . a fragment of english in this chapter , ter meulen gives a syntactic and semantic account of a fragment of english , as """""""" a laboratory environment for the theory of interpretation """""""" ( 93 ) , as well as a recapitulation of the rules for dat construction and updating . 7 . epilogue dats allow for the simultaneous encoding of three types of information : aspectual control of information through the open / closed property of nodes , temporal part / whole relations between events , and descriptive information through the types labeling the nodes . dats are compatible with aristotelian realism as defined by barwise and perry , that is , with the view that the structure of information depends on the natural world . a distinction should be made , according to ter meulen between interpreting an utterance to extract the information it contains and evaluating the truth-value of that information . appendix in this appendix which has been added in the paperback edition , ter meulen has provided exercises on dat construction as well as a comparison between drt and dats . i will only comment on that second part of the appendix . as ter meulen notes , dats stems partly from drt . nevertheless and though dat logic is not developed enough to allow for a complete comparison , there are quite a few differences between them : dats account for inference from simple past to past perfect or progressive , for portability conditions of stative information in chronoscopes and for aspectual verbs , which drt does not ; drt accounts for temporal adverbials and for temporal interpretation of subordinate clauses , which dats do not ; dats substitute the notion of current chronoscope to the notion of temporal reference point used in drt . finally dats characterize valid logic inference as depending crucially from the current node , while drt characterizes valid logic inference classically , as logical consequence . 1 . 1 . critical evaluation ter meulen 's book is highly stimulating , original and interesting . it must be read by anyone interested in time , tense and aspect . all the criticisms which can be leveled against it come from one reason : the fact that the book is much too short . this means that though it is clear enough , it is rather difficult to read . it is also quite frustrating in that , for instance , though ter meulen does explain how to construct dats ( in chapter 3 ) and gives detailed rules , there is not enough step by step examples of dats in the book ( as for example , there was in kamp and reyle 1993 ) . in much the same way , one would have liked to have a much more detailed comparison with alternative accounts , such as drt , the parsonian account of events or , more generally , aktionsart . the appendix , which has been added in the paperback edition ( 1997 ) and which did not exist in the first hardback edition ( 1995 ) , is not really enough to satisfy both of these complaints . ter meulen 's book hints about a relation between reference to objects and reference to time ( the indefiniteness of the argument nps of a given verb may influence the interpretation of the clause , and , notably , aspect ) . all of these hints are very interesting and , again , a longer book might have given the author more scope to develop those intuitions . thus one can only hope that this interesting book will be followed by a bigger one , in which dat logic could be developed more fully , contrasted with alternative approaches and where ter meulen could describe more precisely her suggestions regarding perspective and the interaction between the semantic aspect in dats and the commonsense reasoning whose necessity she acknowledges but which she does not deal with in her book . finally , ter meulen 's book was published at the same time as pustejovsky 's work on the lexicon , thus she does n't make use of pustejovsky 's system . it would be nice to know if an intersection between these approaches can be made . references kamp , h . & reyle , u . ( 1993 ) : from discourse to logic , dordrecht , kluwer . parsons , t . ( 1990 ) : events in the semantics of english , a study in subatomic semantics , cambridge mass . , mit press . pustejovsky , j . ( 1995 ) : the generative lexicon , cambridge mass . , mit press . reviewer : anne reboul , research fellow at the cnrs ( national center for scientific research ) france . phd . in linguistics , phd in philosophy , currently working in the center for computer research in nancy , in the team dedicated to man-machine dialogue . she has written quite a few papers both in french and in english , is the co-author of the dictionnaire encyclopedique de pragmatique ( paris , le seuil . english translation in preparation for basil blackwell , oxford ) and is the 1997 bronze medalist for linguistics at cnrs . anne reboul loria-cnrs bp 239 54506 vandoeuvre - les - nancy france < anne . reboul @ loria . fr >
  """",0
  2169,""""Subject: computational linguistics / phd students
   
   2nd call for papers 2nd annual cluk research colloquium ( cluk = computational linguistics u . k . ) january 11th - 12th 1999 university of essex the cluk colloquia aim to offer phd students in natural language processing and related disciplines an opportunity to present and discuss their work with members of the wider research community . the colloquia are organised as mini-conferences . candidates submit an abstract , which is refereed by the cluk programme committee . presentations are held in conference style sessions , to which senior established researchers are invited . the 2nd annual cluk research colloquium will be held at the university of essex , on monday 11th and tuesday 12th of january 1999 . this year , we are pleased to announce two invited speakers to the event : professor johanna moore ( university of edinburgh ) dr rens bod ( university of leeds ) details can be found on http : / / cswww . essex . ac . uk / staff / udo / cluk . the pages will be updated on an ongoing basis . for more information about the university of essex , the campus and how to get there , see http : / / www . essex . ac . uk / about / main . html - call for papers : dates and format authors are requested to submit a 500 word abstract of their presentation ( including name , address , email address and title ) to : anne de roeck department of computer science university of essex . wivenhoe park colchester co4 3sq email : deroe @ essex . ac . uk submissions as emailed ascii text are preferred , but hardcopy format will be accepted . submission deadline : november 23rd notification of acceptance : december 14th abstracts will be refereed by the programme committee : anne de roeck , university of essex ( chair ) adam kilgarriff , university of brighton diana maynard , manchester metropolitan university mark moens , university of edinburgh nicholas ostler , linguacubun ltd . john tait , university of sunderland carole tiberius , university of brighton yorick wilks , university of sheffield the cluk committee will actively pursue a means of publishing selected full papers in a journal or monograph series . - local arrangements and cost the meeting will start at 11 am on january 11th , and will finish after lunch on january 12th . it is organised by the organising committee ( email : cluk2 @ essex . ac . uk ) : anne de roeck udo kruschwitz nick webb rachele winn - secretarial cost of participation is 55 ukp and includes tea / coffee , lunches and dinner with wine . accommodation will be in local hotels . participants are expected to book their own accommodation , though we will provide information and assist where we can . problems should be addressed to cluk2 @ essex . ac . uk . an on-line registration page can be found on our website ( see above ) .
  """",0
  2170,""""Subject: semitic syntax conference & morphology workshop
   
   call for papers conference : the syntax of semitic languages ( june 26-27 ) workshop : the morphology of semitic languages ( june 23 ) after a very successful first semitic syntax conference at usc in may 1988 , the department of linguistics at the university of illinois at urbana - champaign invites abstracts for the second semitic syntax conference to be held june 26-27 , 1999 . the conference will be preceded by a workshop on semitic morphology to be held june 23 , 1999 . both events will take place during the linguistic society of america summer institute ( june 21 - july 30 ) which will be held at the university of illinois at urbana - champaign ( website : http : / / www . beckman . uiuc . edu / linginst ) . participants will be selected on the basis of refereed anonymous abstracts , to be judged by a selection committee . each talk will be 40 minutes long with an additional 15 minutes for discussion . please send 10 copies of an anonymous abstract , at most 2 - pages long ( including examples and references ) . please enclose a 3x5 card with submission stating name of paper , name of author , affiliation and address , including e-mail address , phone number , and indicate clearly whether the paper is for the conference or the workshop . the name of the author should not appear on the abstract . submissions by e-mail or fax will not be accepted . abstracts should be postmarked no later than march 15 , 1998 , and sent to : abbas benmamoun department of linguistics 4088 flb university of illinois at urbana-champaign urbana , il 61801 usa please check out the semitic linguistics archives where unpublished papers on semitic languages can be posted and downloaded . the address is : http : / / www . usc . edu / dept / las / linguistics / semitic / please direct all inquiries about the conference and workshop to : abbas benmamoun email : e-benma @ uiuc . edu tel : ( 217 ) 333-7129 fax : ( 213 ) 333-3466 organizing committee joseph aoun ( usc ) abbas benmamoun ( uiuc ) hagit borer ( usc )
  """",0
  2171,""""Subject: computational linguistics / tutorials
   
   call for tutorial proposals tutorials chair : richard sproat bell labs - lucent technologies rws @ research . bell-labs . com call the acl ' 99 program committee invites proposals for the tutorial program for acl ' 99 , to be held at the university of maryland , college park , md , usa , june 20 - - 26 , 1999 . the tutorials for acl ' 99 will be held on june 20th . each tutorial should be well-focused so that its core content can be covered in a three hour tutorial slot ( including a 30 minute break ) . in exceptional cases , 6 - hour tutorial slots are possible as well . there will be space and time for at most four three-hour tutorials . submission details proposals for tutorials should contain : * a title and brief ( < 500 word ) content description of the tutorial topic . * the names , postal addresses , phone numbers , and email addresses of the tutorial speakers , with one-paragraph statement of the speaker 's ( s ' ) research interests and areas of expertise . * any special requirements for technical needs ( computer infrastructure , etc . ) proposals should be submitted by electronic mail , in plain ascii ( iso8859 - 1 ) text as soon as possible , but no later than december 18th , 1998 . the subject line should be : """""""" acl 99 tutorial proposal """""""" . please note : proposals will not be accepted by regular mail or fax . please submit your proposals and any inquiries to : richard sproat , acl ' 99 tutorials chair bell laboratories , lucent technologies 600 mountain avenue , murray hill , nj 07974 usa rws @ research . bell-labs . com practical arrangements accepted tutorial speakers must provide descriptions of their tutorials for inclusion in the conference registration material by march 1 , 1999 . the description must be provided in three formats : a latex version that fits onto v 1 / 2 page ; an ascii ( iso8859 - 1 ) version that can be included with the email announcement ; an html version that can be included on the conference home page . tutorial speakers will provide tutorial materials , at least containing copies of the overhead sheets used , by may 1 , 1999 . finances : the current acl policy is that tutorials are reimbursed at the following rate : $ 500 per session plus $ 25 per registrant in the range 21-50 plus $ 15 per registrant in excess of 50 . note that this is per tutorial , not per presenter : multiple presenters will split the proceeds , the default assumption being an even split . the acl does not usually cover travel expenses except where the presenter ( s ) cannot get them through the usual mechanisms : for acl members we assume that they would be coming to the meeting anyway . for people who are not acl members , we would expect to pay for costs that they cannot get reimbursed elsewhere . important dates submission deadline for tutorial proposal : 18 dec 1998 notification of acceptance of tutorial proposal : 28 dec 1998 tutorial descriptions due to tutorial chair : 1 mar 1999 tutorial course material due to tutorial chair : 1 may 1999 tutorials date : 20 june 1999
  """",0
  2172,""""Subject: computational linguistics / general and thematic sessions
   
   acl ' 99 call for papers 37th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics 20 - - 26 june , 1999 university of maryland [ you may find it easier to read this information on the web at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 ] 1 . paper sessions 1 . 1 topics of interest in a break with tradition , at this year 's acl conference we are experimenting with a new format . the technical sessions of the conference will be of two kinds . there will be general sessions of the kind that have formed the conference programme in the past ; however , there will also be a number of special thematic sessions , somewhat like a special issue of a journal , organised around themes proposed by members of the computational linguistics community . our aim is to incorporate some of the intensity and excitement of the traditional post-conference workshops , without replacing those workshops . the conference structure will mean that the thematic sessions will run as parallel sessions , resulting in smaller and more focussed audiences . when you submit a paper to the conference , you will need to consider whether you want to present the paper in the general sessions or in one of the thematic sessions , which are listed below . for the general sessions , papers are invited on substantial , original , and unpublished research on all aspects of computational linguistics , including , but not limited to : pragmatics , discourse , semantics , syntax and the lexicon ; phonetics , phonology and morphology ; interpreting and generating spoken and written language ; linguistic , mathematical and psychological models of language ; language-oriented information retrieval and information extraction ; corpus-based language modeling ; machine translation and translation aids ; natural language interfaces and dialogue systems ; approaches to coordinating the linguistic with other modalities in multi-media systems ; message and narrative understanding systems . papers submitted to the thematic sessions are more narrowly targeted at specific topics . the complete list of thematic sessions is as follows ; further information about each can be found at the indicated url . d1 : dialogue management in interactive spoken dialogue systems chairs : diane litman and marilyn walker motivation : the advent of real-time interactive spoken dialogue systems poses special challenges for dialogue management . topics : evaluation , dialogue strategies , repair , system integration , learning / optimizing system behavior , corpus analysis , robust processing , and the requirements dialogue places on generation , speech recognition and synthesis . http : / / www . research . att . com / ~ diane / acl99 - theme . html d2 : discourse tagging : uses , results and applications chairs : marilyn walker , julia hirschberg and owen rambow motivation : empirical approaches to discourse processing often rely on tagging texts or dialogues with discourse tags from a wide range of tag sets . topics : discourse tagging for training or testing models of discourse structure , reference , translation , speech acts , topic identification , and speech recognition . http : / / www . research . att . com / ~ walker / dtag-acl 99 . html d3 : corpus - based approaches to discourse and dialogue chair : nancy ide this theme treats corpus-based work on any aspect of discourse and dialogue analysis , including co-reference , segmentation , discourse structure , parsing , generation , etc . , especially in the light of relevance to practical applications . http : / / www . cs . vassar . edu / ~ ide / calls / acl99 - discourse . html d4 : lexicon and discourse : connections through structure and semantics chairs : laurence danlos , alistair knott , and bonnie webber motivation : with the lexicon becoming a central resource for computing properties of the sentence , one may consider similar gains for computing properties of discourse . topics : lexical semantics of discourse connectives and focus particles , discourse and lexical interpretation , lexicalized grammars for discourse . http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ alik / acltheme . html i1 : nlp techniques for cross - language information retrieval chair : douglas oard motivation : systems that use queries or examples in one natural language to find text or speech in another are becoming increasingly important . topics : nlp techniques for query translation , cognate matching and interlingual matching techniques , cross-language gisting using summarization or gloss translation . http : / / www . clis . umd . edu / conferences / acl99clir / i2 : exploring the limits of shallow parsing chair : gregory grefenstette shallow parsing techniques provide a partial analysis of the syntactic structures . theme covers research into : quantifying identifiable linguistic phenomena in a corpus ; evaluating accuracy of dependency relations extracted by shallow parsers ; approximation of full parsing with shallow parsers . http : / / www . xrce . xerox . com / research / mltt / dmhead / acl99 i3 : information extraction from spoken language data chairs : lynette hirschman and david palmer motivation : identifying relevant syntactic and semantic items ( such as names , dates , and events ) in speech data requires robust processing of misspellings , transcription errors , tokenization ambiguities and disfluencies . topics : algorithms , architectures , and evaluation techniques for noisy data information extraction vhttp : / / raven . bu . edu / conferences / acl-ie99 / i4 : natural language processing for interactive information retrieval chair : hinrich sch | tze this theme solicits papers that use nlp to enable better interactive information retrieval . examples include query analysis , disambiguation , and classification of queries into semantic hierarchies , but we are especially interested in novel ideas . ftp : / / parcftp . xerox . com / pub / qca / schuetze / acl99 . html i5 : robust sentence - level interpretation chairs : carolyn penstein rose and alon lavie in contrast to information extraction and shallow parsing techniques , in this session we focus on robust approaches to full sentence interpretation , with an emphasis on empirical evaluation . topics : pre-parsing repair , robust parsing , post-parsing repair , and user interaction . http : / / www . pitt . edu / ~ rosecp / topic . html i6 : topic detection chairs : james allan and bruce croft we examine discovering structure and themes across many texts : finding the topics that underlie the text . it includes summarization , theme extraction , tdt detection , concept extraction , high-quality clustering , and related evaluations . http : / / ciir . cs . umass . edu / acl99 l1 : parsing of inflective , agglutinative and / or free word order languages chair : jan hajic parsing of languages displaying non-analytical , non-fixed word order behavior to a large extent poses specific problems which are expected to be addressed . all aspects of dealing with such problems are welcome , including morphological , syntactic and semantic processing . http : / / ufal . ms . mff . cuni . cz l2 : mt / nlp for languages of low diffusion chairs : doug jones and boyan onyshkevych motivation : adequate large-scale mt or other nlp systems do not exist for the bulk of the world 's languages , nor are there significant on-line resources for them . topics : how to build large-scale mt / nlp systems and resources for these other languages ; how to leverage minimal resources ( including native language expertise ) l3 : word segmentation and lexical acquisition in asian languages chair : masaaki nagata motivation : exchange ideas and experiences on word segmentation among asian researchers as well as between asian and western researchers . topics : theories and applications of tokenization and dictionary construction techniques for languages that do not put space between words , such as chinese , japanese , and thai . http : / / www . milab . is . tsukuba . ac . jp / word-seg - acl99 m1 : automated analysis and evaluation of free text chairs : jill burstein and claudia leacock motivation : to bring together researchers who are interested in the evaluation of essays and other free text for purposes of assessment and instruction . topics : identification and analysis of textual features ; generation of feedback to authors ; evaluation of system results . http : / / www . ets . org / research / acl99 . html m2 : the use of large - coverage lexical resources for tagging and parsing chair : max silberztein motivation : to present dictionary-based projects and results whose starting point is either machine readable dictionaries , raw lists or large corpora topics : large-coverage lexical resources , construction of dictionaries , corpus processing http : / / www . ladl . jussieu . fr / confs / acl99 / acl99 . html m3 : prosody modelling in nlg / speech generation chairs : elke teich and sandra williams motivation : integrating natural language generation and speech synthesis . topics : reconciling syntactic , semantic and prosodic representations ; determination of intonation focus and contour according to context ; adaptations of nlg architectures for speech generation . http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / ~ swilliam / acl99theme / m4 : design , implementation , and uses of controlled languages chairs : tony hartley and cecile paris motivation : controlled languages are increasingly used to enhance readability , facilitate automatic processing of documents , and guide input to generation systems . important concerns are the development and enforcement of controlled languages . topics : authoring environments , design principles , corpus analysis , controlled language applications . http : / / www . itri . brighton . ac . uk / events / acl99 / clang . html m5 : computational psycholinguistics chair : philip resnik motivation : discussing empirical and theoretical studies on psychologically motivated computational models of human language processes , as opposed to nlp applications , emphasizing non-introspective data , statistical methods , and the relationship between linguistic competence and performance . topics : computational studies involving processes such as lexical access , parsing , interpretation , generation , disambiguation , acquisition . http : / / umiacs . umd . edu / ~ resnik / acl99 _ cpl / before submitting a paper to a thematic session , you should read the information about each of these themes provided on the separate web pages . during the conference itself , some sessions may be video-taped . presenters will be alerted to this possibility and will be able to request that the cameras are turned off during their presentations . 1 . 2 requirements requirements are the same regardless of whether your are submitting a paper to the general sessions or the thematic sessions ; see the separate call for student papers for information on requirements for papers submitted to the student sessions . papers should describe original work ; they should emphasize completed work rather than intended work and they should indicate clearly the state of completion of the reported results . wherever appropriate , concrete evaluation results should be included . a paper accepted for presentation at the acl meeting cannot be presented or have been presented at any other meeting with publicly available published proceedings . papers that are being submitted to other conferences must indicate this on the title page . 1 . 3 format for submission the format of submissions is the same regardless of whether your are submitting a paper to the general sessions or the thematic sessions ; see the separate call for student papers for information on requirements for papers submitted to the student sessions . authors should submit preliminary versions of their papers for review , not to exceed 3200 words ( exclusive of references ) . papers should be headed by a title page containing the paper id code ( see below ) , the names of all authors , the title , a short ( 5 line ) summary , up to five keywords specifying the subject area ( for the general sessions ) or an indication of the thematic session to which the paper is being submitted , the word count ( excluding figures and bibliography ) and a notice of multiple submission , if required . papers outside the specified length and / or without an id code are liable to rejection without review . to identify each paper , an id code must be acquired by filing an electronic paper registration form , available on the web at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 / register . html : on successful completion of this form an id code will be sent to the designated author by e-mail . if you cannot access the electronic paper registration form , send email to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au with subject idform for an automatic reply . to assist in the refereeing process , we would be very grateful if authors prepare a web-browsable ( e . g . html , postscript , pdf ) electronic version of their papers . the electronic paper registration form contains a field where you can provide this information . we strongly recommend the use of acl - standard latex ( plus bibstyle and trivial example ) or word style files for the preparation of submissions . these styles include a place for the required information such as id code and word count , and allow for a graceful transition to the style required for publication . these files are available from the conference web site at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 . if you cannot use the acl - standard styles directly , a description of the required format is at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 / style / substyle . html . if you cannot access this web page , send email to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au with subject substyle for an automatic reply . 1 . 4 submission and reviewing procedure the submission procedure is the same regardless of whether your are submitting a paper to the general sessions or the thematic sessions ; see the separate call for student papers for information on submission details for papers submitted to the student sessions . four ( 4 ) paper copies of each paper ( printed on both sides of the page if possible ) should be submitted to the following address : acl programme committee c / o ken church at&t labs - research 180 park ave , office d235 po box 971 florham park nj 07932-0971 usa enquiries can be addressed to the programme committee by email at acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au ( robert dale , chair and ken church , co - chair ) . in extreme cases , if you cannot make contact electronically you can reach us by sending a fax , clearly marked """""""" acl programme committee """""""" , to + 61 2 9850 9529 . this fax number is for information enquiries only . please note that faxed submissions of papers are not acceptable . reviewing of papers submitted to the general sessions will , as in previous years , be managed by an international conference programme committee consisting of area chairs , each of whom will have the assistance of a team of reviewers . reviewing of papers for the thematic sessions will be managed by the chairs of the thematic sessions , with the assistance of teams of reviewers ; final decisions on the technical programme content ( both general sessions and thematic sessions ) will be made by the programme committee . 1 . 5 schedule submissions must be received by january 25th 1999 . late submissions ( those arriving on or after january 26th 1999 ) will be returned unopened . acknowledgements will be emailed soon after receipt . notification of acceptance will be sent to authors ( by email ) on march 22nd 1999 . camera - ready copies of final papers prepared in a double-column format , preferably using a laser printer , must be received by may 3rd 1999 , along with a signed copyright release statement . detailed formatting guidelines will be provided to authors with their acceptance notice . the paper sessions , including general , theme and student papers , will take place on june 23rd - - 26th 1999 . 2 . student sessions there will again be special student sessions organized by a committee of acl graduate student members . acl student members are invited to submit short papers on any of the topics listed above for the general sessions . the papers will be reviewed by a committee of students and faculty members for presentation in workshop-style sessions and publication in a special section of the conference proceedings . a separate call for papers for the student sessions is being issued and is available at http : / / www . cs . utoronto . ca / ~ melanie / acl99 / . 3 . tutorials the meeting will include a programme of tutorials on june 20th 1999 immediately preceding the workshops and technical sessions , and at the same venue as the conference . a separate call for tutorial proposals is being issued and is available at http : / / www . bell-labs . com / project / tts / acl99tut . html . 4 . workshops as in other years , acl ' 99 will be accompanied by a number of workshops . these will be held on june 21st - - 22nd 1999 , immediately after the tutorials and before the technical sessions . the acl has a policy on workshops . a separate call for workshop proposals will be issued soon . 5 . demos a separate call for demo proposals will be issued at a later date . 6 . venue and local organisation the conference will be held at the university of maryland from 20th through 26th june , 1999 . the local arrangements committee is chaired by bonnie dorr ; see http : / / www . umiacs . umd . edu / research / clip / acl99 / index . html for local arrangements information . 7 . timetable the dates here pertain only to the general sessions and thematic sessions : see the separate calls for student session papers , tutorial proposals and workshops for the timetabling associated with those elements of the conference . paper submissions deadline : january 25 , 1999 notification of acceptance : march 22 , 1999 camera ready papers due : may 3 , 1999 acl ' 99 conference : june 20 - - 26 , 1999
  """",0
  2173,""""Subject: cognitive linguistics
   
   theme session call for papers 6th international cognitive linguistics association ( icla ) conference ( stockholm , july 1999 ) typological research on signed languages : cognition and discourse structure session coordinators : sherman wilcox and terry janzen several hundred signed languages are known to exist in the world , used within communities in which the signed language is the primary language . most grammatical description of these languages , however , is not extensive , and is confined to no more than a handful of these languages . there is speculation that signed languages may share a significant number of linguistic features even when such languages are genetically unrelated , due in part to their common use of the hands and body as articulators and the eyes , rather than ears , as perceptual organs . very little actual work , however , has been carried out with respect to which specific grammatical features are shared , and which may differ . many questions surrounding the relationship between cognition and signed language structure involve the cross-linguistic typology of structural and semantic categories . it is not yet clear , however , whether certain linguistic features of signed languages emerge cross-linguistically because users of these languages employ similar articulatory and perceptual systems , and how much variation between and within particular categories exists . the purpose of this session is to focus on information processing and discourse structure as typological features among signed languages . a cognitive approach to this topic assumes that signers will structure their discourse to best represent and convey what is cognitively salient , and that the grammar that emerges within a community of language users will reflect this cognitive motivation . we invite papers which focus on cognition and features of discourse structure in a variety of signed languages , with the intention of facilitating discussion among researchers regarding typological features . abstracts ( 700 to 1400 words ) are invited , and should be submitted by november 31 to each of the following : wilcox @ unm . edu tjanzen @ post . rrcc . mb . ca = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = sherman wilcox , ph . d . associate professor dept . of linguistics university of new mexico albuquerque , nm 87131 http : / / www . unm . edu / ~ wilcox
  """",0
  2174,""""Subject: semitic syntax and morphology
   
   call for papers conference : the syntax of semitic languages ( june 26-27 ) workshop : the morphology of semitic languages ( june 23 ) after a very successful first semitic syntax conference at uscin may 1998 , the department of linguistics at the university of illinois at urbana - champaign invites abstracts for the second semitic syntax conference to be held june 26-27 , 1999 . the conference will be preceded by a workshopon semitic morphology to be held june 23 , 1999 . both events will take place during the linguistic society of america summer institute ( june21 - july 30 ) which will be held at the university of illinois at urbana - champaign ( website : http : / / www . beckman . uiuc . edu / linginst ) . participants will be selected on the basis of refereed anonymous abstracts , to be judged by a selection committee . each talk will be 40 minutes long with an additional15 minutes for discussion . please send 10 copies of an anonymous abstract , at most 2 - pages long ( including examples and references ) . please enclose a 3x5 card withsubmission stating name of paper , name of author , affiliation and address , including e-mail address , phone number , and indicate clearly whether thepaper is for the conference or the workshop . the name of the author shouldnot appear on the abstract . submissions by e-mail or fax will not be accepted . abstracts should be postmarked no later than march 15 , 1999 , and sent to : abbas benmamoun . department of linguistics , 4088 flb . university of illinois at urbana-champaign . urbana , il 61801usa conference website : http : / / www . beckman . uiuc . edu / groups / cs / linginst / conferences / semitic . html please check out the semitic linguistics archives where unpublished papers on semitic languages can be posted and downloaded . the address is : http : / / www . usc . edu / dept / las / linguistics / semitic / please direct all inquiries about the conference and workshop to : abbas benmamoun email : e-benma @ uiuc . edu tel : ( 217 ) 333-7129 fax : ( 213 ) 333-3466 organizing committee joseph aoun ( usc ) abbas benmamoun ( uiuc ) hagit borer ( usc )
  """",0
  2175,""""Subject: structure and constituency in languages of the americas
   
   call for papers workshop on structure and constituency in the languages of the americas to be held at the university of british columbia ( vancouver , b . c . , canada ) march 26th - 28th , 1999 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * invited speakers e . czaykowska-higgins ( university of victoria ) """""""" accent and quality - sensitivity in salish stress """""""" c . reinholtz ( queen 's university ) """""""" aspect and negation in cree """""""" * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * v we invite papers which address questions of structure and constituency in the analysis of indigenous languages of north , central and south america . papers on any of the four core areas of formal linguistics ( phonetics / phonology , morphology , syntax , and semantics ) are welcome , as are papers that explore the various interfaces between these disciplines ( morphophonology , morphosyntax , syntax / semantics , semantics / discourse structure , etc . ) . the workshop is entirely open-minded as to which theoretical framework is chosen by individual presenters ( e . g . , optimality theory , head-driven phrase structure grammar , the minimalist program , or theories with a longer history ) , but presenters who work in a theory that is of recent origin ( or who work within a recent development in an established theory ) should give a brief synopsis of their chosen theoretical framework in their presentation . we are also planning a section on the analysis of texts in native american languages . participants who wish to make a presentation in this section are asked to submit a brief text ( approx . 11 / 2 pages ) in their chosen language , together with a morpheme-by - morpheme analysis and a running translation . if available , a tape-recording of the text should be played for the audience . the presentation of the text should address aspects of structure and constituency on the text-level , e . g . the coding of information structure by discourse particles , focus devices , mechanisms for topic maintenance and topic shift , etc . ( depending on the number of participants , it may be possible to present both a text and a theoretical paper , but conversely , it may be necessary to limit participants to only one presentation ( either text or theoretical paper ) ) . the workshop will be preceded by a special one-day session on thursday , march 25th 1999 , devoted to language policy and planning for indigenous languages of british columbia . workshop participants are encouraged to attend as observers . participants should send in an abstract of the presentation . abstracts should be 1 page ( a second page with references and extra examples may be included ) , and should be submitted in 4 copies with the author 's name and affiliation , at least one copy of which should be camera-ready . abstracts may also submitted by e-mail , but participants should make sure that their abstracts do not contain diacritics that e-mail cannot handle . on a vseparate submission , participants should provide the following items of information : ( i ) name ; ( ii ) address ; ( iii ) affiliation ; ( iv ) phone number ; ( v ) e-mail address . finally , limited funds may be available to partially cover travel expenses ; priority for these will be given to graduate students . indicate whether you wish to be considered for a travel subsidy , and if yes , whether you are a graduate student , postdoctoral fellow , independent scholar , sessional faculty or regular faculty . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * abstracts should be sent to : languages of the americas workshop attention : r . - m . dchaine department of linguistics buchanan e-270 , 1866 main mall university of british columbia vancouver , b . c . vv6t 1z1 canada the deadline for submissions ( to be received at ubc ) is friday , january 22nd , 1999 . the program will be announced in mid - february for further information , contact henry davis ( henryd @ interchange . ubc . ca ) or rose - marie dchaine ( dechaine @ interchange . ubc . ca ) . the advance registration fee for the workshop will be can $ 30 . 00 for non-students ( us $ 25 . 00 ) , and can $ 20 . 00 ( $ us12 . 00 ) for students . on - site registration will be in canadian funds only : can $ 40 . 00 for non-students , can $ 20 . 00 for students ( i . e . there is no late payment fee for students ) .
  """",0
  2176,""""Subject: resource logics and minimalist grammars
   
   esslli ` 99 workshop on resource logics and minimalist grammars ( deadline for submissions : march 15th 1999 ) utrecht , 16-20 august 1999 organizers : christian retor ( irisa , rennes ) edward stabler ( ucla , los angeles ) url : http : / / www . irisa . fr / rlmg e - mail : rlmg @ irisa . fr a workshop held as part of the 11th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli ` 99 ) , august 9-20 1999 , utrecht first call for papers esslli ` 99 : the main focus of the european summer schools in logic , language and information is the interface between linguistics , logic and computation . it is organized under the auspices of the european association for logic , language and information ( folli ) . foundational , introductory and advanced courses together with workshops cover a wide variety of topics within six areas of interest : logic , computation , language , logic and computation , computation and language , language and logic . previous summer schools have been highly successful , attracting around 500 students from europe and elsewhere . the school has developed into an important meeting place and forum for discussion for students and researchers interested in the interdisciplinary study of logic , language and information . esslli-99 will take place at the university of utrecht , the netherlands , august 9-20 . in its second week it will feature a worskshop on resource logics and minimalist grammars . its aim is to provide a forum for advanced ph . d . students and other researchers to present and discuss their work on the connection between minimalist grammars and resource logics . workshop background : there has been a growing interest in connections between resource-logical theories of grammar and the minimalist grammars of the transformational tradition in syntax . a good understanding of these connections will reveal substantial differences that can be debated , and the prospects also look good for identifying a valuable common ground . in particular , the rich descriptive tradition of transformational theory may become more accessible to resource-logical frameworks , and the relatively well-understood mathematical foundations of resource-logical frameworks may stimulate a more sophisticated understanding of the mechanisms of minimalist grammars . linear logic is a neat and well studied logic from a proof theoretical perspective which is able to handle both logic for syntax ( like the lambek calculus ) and logic for semantics ( like intuitionistic logic ) , and it also appears to be a sensible framework for a logical treatment of minimalist grammars . this workshop aims to bring together phd students and other researchers in the respective traditions to explore these developments . topics of interest include but are not limited to : * applications of linear logic , multimodal categorial logic , and other resource logics to linguistic problems * formal and computational studies of minimalist and other generative grammars * studies of linguistic semantics from the perspective of either tradition * assessments of the common ground and differences among these approaches to language workshop aims : this workshop aims to : * provide a setting for researchers from various traditions to present and discuss recent work on resource logics and minimalist grammars * facilitate the exchange of ideas between researchers working in these respective areas * foster a spirit of collaborative research call for papers : researchers in the area , including phd students and young researchers , are invited to submit short papers ( between 8 and 12 pages long ) describing their thesis / research topic , approach and results . talks will be 20 minutes long , with 10 minutes for discussion / questions . authors are also encouraged to submit a list of topics they would like to see discussed at the workshop . this will help to identify issues for discussion and debate . deadline for submissions : march 15 , 1999 submissions should be sent to : rlmg @ irisa . fr submissions will be accepted in the form of either postscript or self-contained latex . authors of accepted papers will be notified by may 1st 1998 . the deadline for receipt of revised papers to appear in the workshop proceedings is june 1st 1998 . workshop format : the workshop will consist of five sessions of 90 minutes each held over five days . there will be either two or three presentations at each session with time for questions and discussion . it is hoped to have at least one invited paper from a senior researcher working in the field . publication : after the workshop , authors will have the opportunity to submit papers for possible publication in the new electronic journal """""""" language and computation """""""" ( http : / / www . dcs . kcl . ac . uk / journals / jlac / ) , which is supported by oxford university press . there will be more details in the next announcement . registration : workshop contributors will be required to register for esslli-99 . important dates : march 15th , 99 : deadline for submissions may 1st , 99 : notification of acceptance june 1st , 99 : deadline for final copy august 16th , 99 : start of workshop further information : to obtain further information about esslli-99 please visit the esslli-99 home page at http : / / esslli . let . uu . nl or send an email to esslli99 @ let . uu . nl . for further information on the workshop visit the site of the workshop http : / / www . irisa . fr / rlmg or send an email to rlmg @ irisa . fr
  """",0
  2177,""""Subject: book : english verbs
   
   author : eugene m . russakovskii , associate professor , kharkov state automobile & highway technical university ( xadi ) , kharkov , ukraine . title : """""""" encyclopedia of english verb forms : rules & exceptions """""""" publishing houses : """""""" karavella """""""" ( kharkov , ukraine ) ; """""""" prestige """""""" ( moscow , russia ) year of publication : 1998 isbn 's : 966-586 - 036 - 4 , 588-569 - 009 - x language : russian ( verb tables are given in english ) price : $ 30 + shipping and handling """""""" encyclopedia . . . """""""" deals with all english verbs having non-standard grammatical paradigm . the book might be considered as a [ very ] far going generalization of the pages 96-120 of the well-known monograph by r . quirk , g . n . leech , s . greenbaum , and j . svartvik """""""" a comprehensive grammar of the english language """""""" . as the main subject of """""""" encyclopedia . . . """""""" is studying all english verbs with non-standard grammatical paradigm , irregular verbs are also included . one will find here 1209 irregular verbs , including 297 monomorphemic ones and 20 verbs-abbreviations . all irregular verbs are classified into 86 schemata . numerous comments related to verb forms usage are given , all schemata are described in detail . naturally , irregular verbs , can't exhaust the subject under consi - deration ! as it turned out , many questions related to non-standard verb in - flexions have been exposed by grammarians in an insufficiently severe form , and with numerous gaps ; a number of situations has not been described or those descriptions contained different errors and inaccuracies ; the set of rules regulating pronunciation and spelling of verb inflexions was non-complete ; the sets of exceptions to the formulated rules did not exist at all or contained only a small part of the corresponding verbs-exceptions . in """""""" encyclopedia . . . """""""" , we formulate an exhaustive set of rules regulating pronunciation and spelling of verb inflexions , both for bre and ame , taking into account all possible , sometimes rather curious , situations . every rule is supplied with the corresponding set of exceptions ( if there are any ) ; they are named """""""" ccc """""""" 's ( """""""" closely complete corpora """""""" ) in our book . numerous errors and inaccuracies ever met in related literature have been corrected in """""""" encyclopedia . . . """""""" . * * * * * for information on ordering please contact the author at : arus @ ilt . kharkov . ua
  """",0
  2178,""""Subject: glot international
   
   call for squibs > from lisa cheng and rint sybesma , editors of glot international next year glot international will start featuring a squib section . we invite everybody to send us squibs on any subject in any field of """""""" theoretical """""""" linguistics . since we appear monthly ( almost ! ) and our production time is relatively short , we will be able to publish squibs very soon after their acceptance . the review procedure we have set up is also geared at losing as little time as possible . what squibs are ? what squibs do ? squibs inspire . they present ideas , yet to be fleshed out but one at the time . they find connections between facts that nobody ever thought were related . they spell out the beginning of a new analysis , not necessarily daring . they give you new facts from old languages and old facts in a new guise . they come up with beautiful observations that somehow seem theoretically relevant as well . they tell you about wonderful problems and possibly only hint at a solution . and they have the length of one page in glot international , which is about 1500 words ( including the references ! ) . if you are interested in submitting a squib , please send us three hard copies and one soft copy to the addresses below . however , before sending us anything , please consult the guidelines for authors on the our web site ( www . hagpub . com / glot . htm ) or send us an e-mail if you prefer to receive the guidelines by e-mail or regular mail . our addresses : e-mail : glot @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl regular mail : lisng and rint sybesma glot international department of general linguistics leiden university p . o . box 9515 2300 ra leiden the netherlands * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * lisa cheng and rint sybesma editors glot international hil / department of general linguistics leiden university po box 9515 2300 ra leiden the netherlands fax : + 31-70 - 448-0177 http : / / www . hagpub . com / glot . htm
  """",0
  2179,""""Subject: language acquisition and language breakdown
   
   call for papers : language acquisition and language breakdown 1st language aquisition , sli & aphasics may 28-29 , 1999 utrecht university uil ots utrecht , the netherlands invited speakers harald clahsen ( university of essex ) stephen crain ( university of maryland , college park ) yosef grodzinsky ( tel aviv university ) herman kolk ( university of nijmegen ) christer platzack ( lund university ) call for papers over the last twenty years , a significant amount of research has been carried out in the fields of language acquisition and language impairment . with regard to the former , empirical and theoretical research projects have attempted to characterize children 's linguistic competence at various stages , and the development towards adult competence . in the field of language impairment , researchers have attempted to characterize the speech production and comprehension capacity of patients with specific linguistic disorders ( aphasic patients . ) the main goal of this research is to provide a picture of what part of the human language capacity is lost as a result of specific brain damage , and to characterize the patients ' linguistic knowledge or processing limitations in terms of a contemporary linguistic theory . a similar approach is characteristic of recent studies of children with specific language impairment ( sli ) . the question in this research is how to characterize , in linguistic terms , the deficit exhibited by this population . a comparison between the linguistic capacities of these populations has been a recurrent theme in many theoretical and experimental studies . are there interesting similarities between normally developing children , sli children and aphasics ? can the comparison between these populations tell researchers anything new about language acquisition or language breakdown ? what exactly is lost in aphasia - the knowledge of language or the capacity to implement this knowledge ? do normally developing children and sli children posses the relevant knowledge but are they unable to implement it ? if so , why ? or is their linguistic system different from the adult system ? what can the differences between impaired and unimpaired language development be attributed to ? the language acquisition and language breakdown conference , organized by the utrecht institute of linguistics in the framework of its language in use research program aims at bringing together researchers whose work focuses on the comparison of these populations . papers are invited for 30 - minute presentations ( plus 10 min for discussion ) . papers must focus on the comparison between the language capacities of any two or three of these populations : normally developing children , sli children , and people with aphasia . please send four copies of a two page anonymous abstract ( single space , including examples and references ) and one copy with your name and affiliation to : language acquisition and language breakdown utrecht university uil ots trans 10 nl-3512 jk utrecht the netherlands please include also a card with your name ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , the title of your abstract , your e-mail ( s ) , mailing address and telephone number ( s ) . all materials must be received by february 1 , 1999 . decisions regarding acceptance / rejection will be announced by march 10 , 1999 . there is a possibility that students whose papers are accepted for presentation will be partially reimbursed for their travel expenses .
  """",0
  2180,""""Subject: student conference
   
   call for papers for the sixth annual uta student conference in linguistics - utascil deadline for abstracts : 5pm , friday , december 11th , 1998
  """",0
  2181,""""Subject: leeds working papers in linguistics and phonetics
   
   after a period of hibernation we are pleased to announce the resumed publication of leeds working papers in linguistics and phonetics . institutions which have an exchange agreement with leeds will receive a copy in the next few weeks . other institutions interested in starting an exchange are invited to contact the editor at the address below . for individuals who wish to purchase a copy , the price per copy is 4 pounds sterling ( within eu ) , 5 pounds sterling elsewhere ( payment in pounds sterling only , please ) . contact the editor at the address below : paul foulkes department of linguistics and phonetics university of leeds leeds ls2 9jt uk p . foulkes @ leeds . ac . uk + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + the contents of issue 6 : methodological considerations in a small-scale sociolinguistic pilot study ( louise cunningham ) english [ r ] - sandhi : a sociolinguistic perspective ( paul foulkes ) the mora , compensatory lengthening , and a two-tier theory of quantity ( anthony fox ) an unusual kind of sonority and its implications for phonetic theory ( barry heselwood ) bilingualism and diglossia in sardinia ( maria chiara la sala ) language variation and innovation in middlesbrough : a pilot study ( carmen llamas ) four past tense morphemes in khalkh mongol ( diane nelson , t . t . l . davidson , narantuya , narmandah , and judith nordby ) italian radio phone-in openings : some effects of time restrictions ( barbara settineri ) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
  """",0
  2182,""""Subject: syntax / semantics of gradable adjectives
   
   kennedy , christopher ; projecting the adjective : the syntax and semantics of gradability and comparison ; 0-8153 - 3349 - 8 , cloth ; page 262 , $ 61 ; garland publishing ; outstanding dissertations in linguistics . this book investigates the core meaning and syntactic distribution of gradable adjectives : adjectives such as long , short , bright and dim , with respect to which objects can be ordered and compared . the central thesis is that gradable adjectives should be semantically characterized as measure functions : expressions that map objects onto abstract representations of measurement , or degrees . a second major claim is that degrees should be formalized as intervals on a scale , rather than discrete points , as standardly assumed . these proposals are supported by a number of empirical arguments involving the interpretation of comparative constructions in english , including scope phenomena , incommensurability , and the semantic behavior of antonymous adjectives . in addition , the semantic analysis is shown to support a straight forward compositional interpretation of syntactic representations in which adjectives project extended functional structure headed by degree morphology , thus bringing the analysis of the adjectival projection in line with current theoretical assumptions about the phrase structure and interpretation of the nominal and verbal projections . the proposals are formalized in terms of model-theoretic semantics and the principles and parameters syntactic framework . the text includes a comprehensive overview of previous approaches to the semantic analysis of gradable adjectives , as well as an introduction to some of the fundamental questions and puzzles involving the syntax and semantics of comparatives , and it presents new data which provide insight into the relation between comparatives and ellipsis . this book will be of interest to scholars in the areas of natural language semantics and the syntax-semantics interface , adjectives , comparative constructions , vagueness , antonymy , and english grammar in general . e - mail : info @ garland . com
  """",0
  2183,""""Subject: linguistic theory and computational linguistics
   
   bod , rens ( university of amsterdam ) ; beyond grammar : an experience-based theory of language ; isbn : 1-57586 - 150 - x ( paper ) , 1-57586 - 151 - 8 ( cloth ) ; 184 pp . csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu . during the last few years , a new approach to linguistic analysis has started to emerge . this approach , which has come to be known under various labels such as """""""" data-oriented parsing """""""" , """""""" corpus-based interpretation """""""" and """""""" treebank grammar """""""" , embodies the assumption that human language comprehension and production works with representations of concrete past language experiences rather than with abstract grammatical rules . the models that instantiate this approach operate by decomposing the given representations into fragments and recomposing those pieces to analyze ( infinitely many ) new utterances . a probability model is used to choose from the collection of different fragments those that make up the most appropriate representation of an utterance . this book shows how this general approach can apply to various kinds of linguistic representations , ranging from phrase-structure trees , compositional semantic representations , dialogue representations , and lexical-functional grammar representations . the resulting models are utilized for the automatic acquisition of language , for harnessing ambiguity and for processing of spoken dialogue . experiments with these models suggest that the productive units of natural language cannot be defined by a minimal set of rules or principles , but need to be defined by a large , redundant set of previously experienced structures . bod argues that this outcome has important consequences for linguistic theory , leading to an entirely new view of the nature of linguistic competence and the relationship between linguistic theory and models of performance . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-publications . stanford . edu /
  """",0
  2184,""""Subject: cognitive science conference
   
   cogsci is an interdisciplinary research group , in which linguistics plays a major role . we would like to encourage linguists to submit papers to the conference . cognitive science society conference call for papers and proposals we are pleased to announce the twenty-first annual meeting of the cognitive science society on august 19-21 , 1999 . the conference site is vancouver , british columbia , on the downtown campus of simon fraser university . our goal in organizing this conference is to reflect the full spectrum of the many research areas in cognitive science . we welcome all submissions , and trust that multiple research themes will emerge naturally . we are especially interested in submissions in areas that have been under represented at recent conferences . there are six categories for submissions : spoken papers : 20 - minute spoken presentations ; reviewed and published as six-page papers in the proceedings . submission length : up to 2000 words . symposia : two - hour spoken presentations , including three or more well-integrated talks on a common topic ; reviewed and published as one-page abstracts in the proceedings . submission length : up to 1000 words . posters : standard poster presentations ; reviewed and published as 6 - page papers in the proceedings . submission length : up to 2000 words . abstract posters : poster presentations by full members of the society only ; not reviewed or published in the proceedings . submission length : up to 500 words . society members can submit abstracts for posters through march 6 , 1999 . tutorials : sessions devoted to technical tutorials may be offered . possible topics include hidden markov models , act model , cognitive task analysis , & fmri . for more information , see http : / / www . psychology . nottingham . ac . uk / staff / ritter / cogsci99 / proposals . html workshops : sessions devoted to education in cognitive science may also be offered . proposals for """""""" how-to """""""" sessions on undergraduate and graduate programs of study are requested . for more information , see http : / / depts . vassar . edu / ~ cogsci / workshops . html review process : submissions for spoken papers , standard posters , and symposia will be reviewed by these criteria : technical / theoretical merit ; relevance to a broad audience of cognitive science researchers ; clarity of presentation ; significance ; and originality . * * * * * all submissions will be refereed electronically . we require camera-ready paper copies only once accepted for publication . information on electronic submission formats can be found at our conference website : http : / / www . sfu . ca / cogsci99 / conference chair : prof . martin hahn email : cogsci99 @ sfu . ca postal mail : cogsci99 , c / o philosophy dept . , simon fraser univ . , vancouver , b . c . , v5a 1s6 deadline : all submissions must be received by february 6 , 1999 , for consideration . for cognitive science society membership information , please see http : / / www . umich . edu / ~ cogsci / or , contact the society office c / o prof . colleen seifert , univ . of michigan , 525 east university , ann arbor , mi , 48109-1109 ; phone : ( 734 ) 429-9248 ; fax : ( 734 ) 763-7480 ; email : cogsci @ umich . edu
  """",0
  2185,""""Subject: information and communication technology
   
   eurocall ' 99 ( http : / / eurocall99 . univ-fcomte . fr ) first call for papers ( deadline : 31 january 1999 ) besancon ( france ) 15 - 18 september 1999 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the yearly conference of the european association eurocall ( http : / / www . hull . ac . uk / cti / eurocall . htm ) will be held in besancon from wednesday 15th to saturday 18th september 1999 . this conference is a unique opportunity to encourage and disseminate state of the art research and applications for the use of computer mediated environments for language learning . i ) themes - - - - - - - main theme - - - - - - - - - - information and communication technology ( ict ) in varied language learning environments for parallel sessions and poster sessions , priority will be given to papers focussing on the contribution of ict to one of the following learning environments : - continuing education ; life - long learning / education . - vocational training . - open and distance learning . - language classrooms at primary , secondary and tertiary levels . - multimedia language laboratories ; language resource centres . - self - directed learning ; autonomous learning . the specific contribution of ict in one of these learning situations could be studied from the following points of view : development and implementation of hypermedia and multimedia systems ; the use of ict for providing a learning context ; the nature , the status and the role of those involved in the use of ict and their training ( teachers , trainers , facilitators , counsellors , tutors , etc . ) ; learner-centred approaches ; the role and place of ict within the larger framework of cultural , intercultural acquisition , and communicative or conceptual approaches . second theme - - - - - - - - - - - evaluation of language skills and language testing this theme will provide a framework for the theoretical and practical discussion of the contribution of ict to the evaluation of language skills from multiple approaches such as the enunciative / functional point of view to be found in the dcl and delf ( diplme elmentaire de langue francaise ) exams , or the points of view of language testing and adaptive testing . reports about ongoing european or national evaluation projects will be most welcome . these two main themes will underpin the whole conference , will be echoed in several pre-conference seminars and parallel sessions and will be taken up in keynote addresses . other themes - - - - - - - - - - - as well as the main and secondary conference themes described above , papers and presentations are invited , either at theoretical or practical levels , discussing innovations in the field of ict with a view to improving language learning and acquisition ; the relations between ict and learning models ; learner-system interaction or interaction between the agents ( learner , trainer , tutor , etc . ) through ict ; the integration of ict in training systems . the following list is merely intended as a guide and is not exhaustive : * computer mediated communication : theoretical models and sociological aspects of language learning on the internet ; virtual classrooms ; linguistic interactions ; dialog exchange systems ; e-mail exchanges ( tandems ) ; video-conferencing ; multi-modal exchanges ( audio , video ) ; moos ; chat systems ; whiteboards . * nlp ( natural language processing ) and language learning : corpus-based learning ; speech technology and computer assisted pronunciation and intonation ; electronic dictionaries for learners ; on-line spelling and style checkers ; help systems for writing , grammar-learning and error diagnosis . * hypermedia and multimedia systems : hypertext tools ; help systems for web browsing and editing ; study of the relations between the verbal and non-verbal in ict with a view to facilitating learning ; authoring systems ; evaluation of ict . * a learner model : towards a model of the learner in ict and language acquisition ; identification , influence and evaluation of learning strategies , cognitive styles and social factors . * didactics : didactic strategies and models ; which metalanguage in ict ? the role of culture . * teacher training : national and european policies in teacher training and the training of teachers in ict ; the new role ( s ) of teachers . organisation - - - - - - - - - - - the pre-conference day ( wednesday 15 sept . , 1999 ) will offer both workshops and seminars . the format of the seminars will be either that of a formal lesson / tutorial about one of the ict themes mentioned above , or that of exchanges on one particular theme focussing either on a synthesis of existing research or a discussion of new research paradigms . the conference itself ( from thursday 16 to saturday 18 ( am ) ) will offer papers given by guest speakers , parallel paper sessions , show and tell sessions , posters and an ongoing demo - fair . for more information about these activities , please look at our website . if you want to : - submit a proposal for a paper , poster or show and tell session , please use the form of the next message . proposals in english , french or any other european languages are welcome . - propose to run a workshop or a seminar , have a look at our guidelines for submissions on our website . key dates - - - - - - - - - 31 january 1999 : deadline for submitting paper , show and tell , poster abstracts . - 31 march 1999 : notification of panels ' decision . - 31 may 1999 : deadline for early bird registration fee . - 16 september 1999 : abstracts publication . - 31 october 1999 : deadline for submitting full papers . - mai 2000 : publication in recall or alsic journals . contacts - - - - - - - eurocall ' 99 laboratoire lib , universit de franche - comt 16 route de gray , 25030 besancon cedex , france tel : 33 3 81 66 64 53 fax : 33 3 81 66 64 50 email : eurocall99 @ lib . univ-fcomte . fr internet : http : / / eurocall99 . univ-fcomte . fr proposals for papers , posters or show and tell must use the submission form ( see below ) . sending your form - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the main part of the form consists of an abstract . the abstract should be 600 words long for a paper and 300 words long for a poster or a show and tell . you may use one of the three following possibilities : 1 ) the online form ( http : / / eurocall99 . univ-fcomte . fr / eng / formresu . htm ) 2 ) e-mail . send the form in the body of the e-mail ( not as an attached file ) . send your e-mail to : eurocall99 @ lib . univ-fcomte . fr 3 ) ordinary mail . send : - the form ( which includes the abstract ) on a disk using one of the following formats : word ( mac or pc ) , rtf , ascii - and a hard copy of the form . send disk + hard copy to : thierry selva eurocall99 laboratoire d ' informatique de besancon universit de franche - comt 16 , route de gray 25030 besancon cedex , france = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = submission form information about the main author 1 . last name , first name and address of the main author . last name : first name : address : zip : city : country : 2 . main author 's e-mail , phone number ( optional ) and fax number ( optional ) . e - mail : phone number : fax number : 3 . main author 's occupation . select among : [ ] primary / secondary school system : teacher , [ ] primary / secondary school system : teacher trainer , [ ] university : lecturer , university : training administrator , [ ] trainer for adults , [ ] researcher , [ ] software developer , [ ] publisher , [ ] student , [ ] other . 4 . biodata . please briefly describe ( 4 lines max ) your background in ict and language learning . biodata : 5 . is the main author a member of one of these associations ? ( ignore if not ) associations member of eurocall yes [ ] no [ ] ; membership no ( if known ) : member of calico yes [ ] no [ ] ; membership no ( if known ) : information about co-authors 6 . information about co-authors : only last and first names , institution and e-mail . co - authors : information about the submission 7 . type of submission . for more details , see below . paper [ ] poster [ ] show & tell [ ] 8 . theme of the submission . in order to help us organise topics of the parallel sessions , first select among : main theme , second theme , or other themes , as described above . then select a sub-theme in each case , when applicable . several choices are possible . 8 . 1 main theme : [ ] information and communication technology ( ict ) in varied language learning environments if you submit within the main theme , please choose one of the following sub-themes : [ ] continuing education / life - long learning / education , [ ] vocational training , [ ] open and distance learning , [ ] language classrooms at primary / secondary / tertiary levels , [ ] multimedia language laboratories / language resource centres , [ ] self - directed learning / autonomous learning . 8 . 2 second theme : [ ] evaluation of language skills and language testing 8 . 3 other themes : [ ] if your submission belongs to """""""" other themes """""""" , select among the following sub-themes : [ ] computer mediated communication , [ ] nlp ( natural language processing ) and language learning , [ ] hypermedia and multimedia systems , [ ] learner modelling , [ ] didactics , [ ] teacher training , [ ] other . 9 . title of the submission . give the title in the language of the presentation . title : 10 . abstract . give the abstract in the language of the presentation . select as appropriate : * paper : 600 words * poster : 300 words * show and tell : 300 words . give a clear description of the software e . g . type , technical specification , desired learning outcomes , design principles , stage of development ( pilot or beta-testing , etc ) , evaluation of the software , and main characteristics . abstract : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = end of form = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = details of parallel session papers , show & tell and posters a ) parallel session papers parallel session papers on special themes will give researchers and practioners the opportunity to present their papers . all papers will be subject to review by the eurocall academic panel . the review selection procedure is rigorous and papers submitted after the 31st january deadline may not be considered . each presentation should last 45 minutes ( 30 minutes for the paper and 15 minutes for discussion ) . a selection of full papers will be published in recall after the conference and sent to participants , or in the french speaking online journal alsic . b ) show and tell participants who have developed an original piece of software are invited to give a 10 min talk followed by a 30 min demonstration . c ) posters participants present work in progress in the format of a poster . the selected participants can display their work and may have access to a machine in a dedicated room for demos . time slots will be allocated and scheduled everyday for informal talks . the selection procedure for show and tell and posters is the same as for papers . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - eurocall ' 99 , septembre / september 1999 , besancon , france conference europeenne sur les systemes d ' information et de communication pour l ' aide a l ' apprentissage des langues . european conference on computer assisted language learning toile / web : http : / / eurocall99 . univ-fcomte . fr mel / email : eurocall99 @ lib . univ-fcomte . fr telecopie : 03 81 66 64 50 / fax : 33 3 81 66 64 50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  2186,""""Subject: metaphor
   
   first circular and call for papers 11th euro - international systemic - functional workshop metaphor in systemic-functional perspectives 14-17 july 1999 university of gent ( belgium ) call for offers of papers and workshops we invite papers and proposals for group workshops on all aspects related to metaphor as seen from various systemic-functional perspectives . further information and instructions for the submission of abstracts and workshop proposals can be found on the workshop website at : http : / / bank . rug . ac . be / mt / workshop
  """",0
  2187,""""Subject: applied linguistics , teaching foreign language
   
   universidad de las americas , puebla de p a r t a m e n t o d e l e n g u a s fourth regional symposium on applied linguistics 21-22 may 1999 call for papers the m . a . program in applied linguistics of the department of languages of the university of the americas / la universidad de las americas invites all those interested to participate in the fourth regional symposium on applied linguistics , with special emphasis on the acquisition and teaching of foreign languages . the objective of the symposium is to provide an opportunity for academic discussion , in-depth reflexion , and development of a richer knowledge of the different modalities implicated in the processes of the acquisition and teaching of a foreign language . presentations are welcomed in english , spanish , french , and other languages on all topics within the scope of applied linguistics . in order to cover all dimensions of the problems related to the acquisition and teaching of foreign languages , the symposium organizers propose to structure the forum around sub-themes to guide the selection of presentations and plenaries . due to existence of multiple components involved in the acquisition processs and of modern approaches to the teaching of foreign languages , the following theme was chosen for 1999 : socio - cultural issues . nevertheless , note that presentations on all topics related to applied linguistics are considered as well . we welcome workshops and talks of a more theoretical nature as well as presentations aimed at classroom practices . registration and participation in the fourth regional symposium on applied linguistics where ? when ? the symposium will take place in the auditorium of la universidad de las americas - puebla , situated on the grounds of the former hacienda santa catarina martir , san andres cholula , puebla , on friday and saturday , 21-22 may 1999 . fees ? for those who wish to participate in the activities , the fees are $ 100 . 00 and $ 40 . 00 for full-time students ( note that some form of student identification is required . ) . forms of payment : cash is preferred on the first day of the symposium at registration . how ? for those who wish to attend only as participants , please inform us in advance of your intention . we accept reservations from november , 1998 . please telephone caty orozco or liliana ajuria at + 52 ( 22 ) 29-31 - 05 . for those who wish to give a presentation , please send an abstract of 250 words , indicating at the top right hand corner if it is for a workshop ( 60 mins . ) or a talk ( 30 mins . ) . here are the guidelines : 1 . send three ( 3 ) copies of an abstract of not longer than 250 words , typed , double-spaced . include a title for the abstract . 2 . give the name and academic title of each presenter . 3 . at the top left-hand corner of one of the abstracts , give the name and complete address of the main presenter . include the telephone number , fax number , and e-mail address of the main author . do not include this information on two of the abstracts . deadlines ? the abstracts must be received by the 15 of march , 1999 . regular mail , e-mail ( locastro @ mail . udlap . mx ) or faxed abstracts ( + 52 ( 22 ) 29-31 - 01 ) are acceptable . notification of acceptance to present a paper or workshop will be send out the 15 of april . presenters do not have to pay the registration fee . note that , if the guidelines are not followed as specified above , there is a risk that the abstract will not be accepted . organizing committee of the fourth regional symposium on applied linguistics departamento de lenguas , universidad de las americas ex . hacienda sta catarina martir 72820 san andres , cholula , puebla , mexico telephone : ( 22 ) 29 31 05 fax : ( 22 ) 29 31 01 virginia locastro ( 22 ) 29 31 85 locastro @ mail . udlap . mx lydia giles ( 22 ) 29 31 19 lgiles @ mail . udlap . mx magdalena mejia ( 22 ) 29 31 35 mmejia @ mail . udlap . mx symposium themes 1998 political - economis issues 1999 socio - cultural issues 2000 psychological issues 2001 technological and educational issues virginia locastro , ph . d . , ( lancaster university ) departamento de lenguas universidad de las americas 72820 puebla , mexico tel : + 52 ( 22 ) 29-31 - 05 + 52 ( 22 ) 29-31 - 85 direct fax : + 52 ( 22 ) 29-31 - 01 e-mail : locastro @ mail . pue . udlap . mx
  """",0
  2188,""""Subject: conference program ( ling . symp . & math . ling . )
   
   xxviii linguistic symposium on romance languages ( lsrl 28 ) & workshop on mathematical linguistics ( wml ) conference program all talks will take place at the nittany lion inn 200 west park avenue , state college , pennsylvania 1-800 - 233-7505 or ( 814 ) 865-8500 . for additional information , consult the conference website at http : / / www . psu . edu / lsrl / thursday , april 16 , 1998 8 : 30 pm - 11 : 00 pm registration , rotunda lobby 8 : 30 pm - 9 : 00 pm refreshments , ballroom d - e 9 : 00 pm opening remarks , susan welch , dean of the college of the liberal arts , ballroom d - e 9 : 15 pm - 10 : 15 pm invited lecture , richard kayne , new york university , """""""" clitic doubling , movement , and binding theory , """""""" ballroom d - e friday , april 17 , 1998 8 : 00 am - 9 : 00 am coffee , tea & breakfast rolls , boardrooms i & ii 8 : 30 am - 11 : 30 am registration , rotunda lobby 8 : 30 am - 5 : 00 pm book exhibits , colonial rooms i & ii special open workshop on mathematical linguistics title : what should linguists expect from mathematical linguistics ? boardrooms i & ii chair : lisa a . reed , the pennsylvania state university 9 : 00 am carlos martin - vide , rovira i virgili university gheorghe paun , romanian academy grzegorz rozenberg , leiden university & arto salomaa , university of turku """""""" x - families : an approach to the study of families of syntactically similar languages """""""" 10 : 00 am walter j . savitch , university of california , san diego """""""" computational complexity in language models """""""" 11 : 00 am - 11 : 15 am refreshment break , boardrooms i & ii parallel sessions session 1 , lsrl ( boardrooms i & ii ) chair : heles contreras , university of washington 11 : 15 am margarita suner , cornell university """""""" a crosslinguistic view of object shift """""""" 11 : 45 am jon a . franco , universidad de deusto , bilbao & errapel mejias - bikandi , university of nebraska - lincoln """""""" the presuppositionality condition on spanish clitic doubled objects """""""" 12 : 15 pm maarten de wind , university of amsterdam & holland institute of generative linguistics """""""" deriving heavy np - shift in french """""""" session 2 , wml ( assembly room ) chair : carlos martin - vide , rovira i virgili university 11 : 15 am relja vulanovic , kent state university """""""" grammar efficiency and the historical development of word order in french """""""" 11 : 45 am claude del vigna , centre national de la recherche scientifique , paris """""""" commands as binary relations """""""" 12 : 15 pm javier gutierrez - rexach , the ohio state university """""""" generalized minimalist grammars """""""" 12 : 45 pm - 1 : 45 pm lunch break session 3 , lsrl ( boardrooms i & ii ) chair : grant goodall , university of texas at el paso 2 : 00 pm heles contreras , university of washington """""""" negation in english and spanish : is there a neg - parameter ? """""""" 2 : 30 pm ricardo etxepare , l . e . i . a . , spain """""""" paratactic dependencies and covert merge """""""" 3 : 00 pm raffaella zanuttini & paul portner , georgetown university """""""" the independence of specifier and head of cp """""""" 3 : 30 pm refreshment break 3 : 45 pm invited lecture , karen zagona , university of washington """""""" tense construal , clausal structure , and feature checking , """""""" boardrooms i & ii session 4 , wml ( assembly room ) chair : walter j . savitch , university of california , san diego 2 : 00 pm manfred kudlek , universitat hamburg carlos martin - vide , rovira i virgili university & alexandru mateescu , turku centre for computer science """""""" an infinite hierarchy of mildly context - sensitive families of languages """""""" 2 : 30 pm jose f . quesada , centro de informatica cientifica de andalucia , sevilla """""""" overparsing """""""" 3 : 00 pm gerhard jager , university of pennsylvania """""""" on the generative capacity of multi - modal categorial grammars """""""" 3 : 30 pm valeria mihalache , turku centre for computer science """""""" grammar systems : a cooperating distributed framework for the syntax of natural languages """""""" 4 : 00 pm vincenzo manca , universita di pisa """""""" logical splicing in natural languages """""""" 4 : 30 pm - 4 : 45 pm wml closing remarks 5 : 00 pm - 6 : 00 pm reception , alumni fireside lounge 6 : 00 pm - 7 : 45 pm dinner break 7 : 30 pm - 8 : 00 pm refreshments , assembly room 8 : 00 pm - 9 : 00 pm public lecture on historical linguistics , philip baldi , the pennsylvania state university """""""" reclaimimg the linguistic past , """""""" assembly room saturday , april 18 , 1998 8 : 00 am - 8 : 30 am coffee , tea & breakfast rolls , boardrooms i & ii 8 : 30 am - 11 : 30 am registration , rotunda lobby 8 : 30 am - 5 : 00 pm book exhibits , colonial rooms i & ii parallel sessions session 5 ( boardrooms i & ii ) chair : margarita suner , cornell university 8 : 30 am christina m . tortora , university of michigan """""""" on the non - existence of non - agreeing i - subjects in romance """""""" 9 : 00 am grant goodall , university of texas at el paso """""""" passives and arbitrary plural subjects in spanish """""""" 9 : 30 am mihaela pirvulescu & yves roberge , university of toronto """""""" romanian , objects , and the structure of imperatives """""""" session 6 ( assembly room ) chair : holly j . nibert , the pennsylvania state university 8 : 30 am james p . giangola , general magic , inc . """""""" the optimization of portuguese verb representations : vowel harmony revisited """""""" 9 : 00 am yolanda rivera - castillo , university of houston - downtown , """""""" constraints on stem vowel alternations and dipthongization in spanish : a lexical account """""""" 9 : 30 am viola miglio , university of maryland """""""" towards a typology of vowel reduction phenomena in romance """""""" 10 : 00 am refreshment break session 7 ( boardrooms i & ii ) chair : sandra savignon , the pennsylvania state university 10 : 30 am marie - therese vinet , universite de sherbrooke """""""" aspectual modification and the licensing of - tu pas in quebec french """""""" 11 : 00 am julia herschensohn , university of washington """""""" minimalist access to ug in l2 french """""""" 11 : 30 am j . m . liceras , e . valenzuela , e . rosado university of ottawa & l . diaz , universitat pompeu fabra , barcelona """""""" the role of morphological paradigms in the acquisition of syntactic knowledge : n - drop and null subjects in l1 and l2 spanish """""""" session 8 ( assembly room ) chair : mary ellen scullen , university of louisville 10 : 30 am bernard tranel , university of california , irvine """""""" optional schwa deletion : on syllable economy in french """""""" 11 : 00 am mariapaola d ' imperio & sam rosenthall , the ohio state university """""""" phonetics and phonology of italian main stress """""""" 11 : 30 am randall gess , university of utah """""""" positional faithfulness vs . cue preservation : the case of nasal sequence resolution in gallo - romance """""""" 12 : 00 pm - 1 : 15 pm lunch break 1 : 30 pm invited lecture , donca steriade , university of california , los angeles """""""" lexical conservatism effects in french adjectival liaison , """""""" boardrooms i & ii session 9 ( boardrooms i & ii ) chair : lisa noetzel , franklin and marshall college 2 : 45 pm jairo nunes , unicamp , brazil & eduardo raposo , university of california , santa barbara """""""" ajectival agreement in portuguese inflected infinitives : against the necessity of non - trivial chains for f - checking """""""" 3 : 15 pm aafke hulk , university of amsterdam & christine tellier , universite de montreal """""""" conflictual agreement in romance nominals """""""" 3 : 45 pm marie claude boivin , massachusetts institute of technology """""""" case - feature checking and its consequences : evidence from en-cliticization in french """""""" session 10 ( assembly room ) chair : marie gillette , the pennsylvania state university 2 : 45 pm j . clancy clements , indiana university """""""" spanish overt case marking and basic word order : a morphological approach """""""" 3 : 15 pm vieri samek - lodovici , universitat konstanz """""""" on ' ghost ' verbs in italian nominalizations and their relevance for the unitary base hypothesis """""""" 3 : 45 pm anna m . thornton , universita dell ' aquila """""""" gender and inflectional class assignment in italian nouns """""""" 4 : 15 pm refreshment break session 11 ( boardrooms i & ii ) chair : paul portner , georgetown university 4 : 30 pm liliana sanchez , carnegie mellon university , """""""" null objects in contact varieties of spanish """""""" 5 : 00 pm tonia bleam , university of delaware """""""" object bare plurals in spanish and the semantics of personal a """""""" 5 : 30 pm javier gutierrez - rexach , the ohio state university """""""" group indefinites """""""" session 12 ( assembly room ) chair : margaret kehoe , the pennsylvania state university 4 : 30 pm s . j . hannahs , university of durham """""""" unexceptional exceptions and french glides """""""" 5 : 00 pm ellen m . kaisse , university of washington """""""" resyllabification precedes all segmental rules : evidence from argentinian spanish """""""" 5 : 30 pm c . wiltshire & e . maranzana , university of florida , gainesville """""""" geminates and clusters in italian and piedmontese : a case for ot ranking """""""" 6 : 00 pm - 6 : 30 pm open business meeting , boardrooms i & ii 8 : 30 pm - 10 : 00 pm banquet , the tavern restaurant , 220 east college ave . sunday , april 19 , 1998 8 : 00 am - 8 : 30 am coffee , tea & breakfast rolls , boardrooms i & ii general session 13 ( boardrooms i & ii ) chair : christine tellier , universite de montreal 8 : 30 am geraldine legendre , johns hopkins university """""""" revisiting french stylistic and complex inversion """""""" 9 : 00 am jose camacho , rutgers university """""""" how similar are conjuncts ? """""""" 9 : 30 am gorka elordieta , university of california , los angeles """""""" morphosyntax driving phonology : the case of french liaison """""""" 10 : 00 am refreshment break general session 14 ( boardrooms i & ii ) chair : geraldine legendre , johns hopkins university 10 : 30 am virginia motapanyane , university of new brunswick , saint john """""""" de - supines and object - to - subject raising """""""" 11 : 00 am ana t . perez - leroux , the pennsylvania state university """""""" possessor anaphors and the structure of dps """""""" 11 : 30 am luis silva - villar , university of california , los angeles & javier gutierrez - rexach , the ohio state university """""""" demonstratives and feature based derivations """""""" alternate speakers : phonology : travis bradley , the pennsylvania state university """""""" assibilation in ecuadorian spanish : a phonology - phonetics account """""""" semantics : elena herburger , georgetown university """""""" lexical ambiguity is not always evil : the case of ( ni ) - ni """""""" syntax : asun martinez - arbelaiz , michigan state university """""""" spanish double cp : evidence against government in wh - feature selection """""""" cecilia poletto , universita di padova & raffaella zanuttini , georgetown university """""""" the syntax of imperatives : evidence from rhaetoromance """""""" the lsrl 28 organizing committee ( marc authier , barbara bullock & lisa reed ) wishes to thank the following penn state units for their financial support of lsrl 28 : continuing and distance education the research and graduate studies office of the college of the liberal arts the department of french the department of spanish , italian , and portuguese the center for linguistics the office of international partnerships and academic linkages the department of classics and ancient mediterranean studies the department of philosophy the department of psychology we would also like to acknowledge the invaluable assistance of geoffrey conrad , lori fox benson & chuck wilson in planning this meeting of the lsrl . additional thanks to the scholars who reviewed abstracts for lsrl 28 : joseph aoun , julie auger , andrea calabrese , hector campos , gennaro chierchia , heles contreras , violeta demonte , donka farkas , randall gess , grant goodall , jorge guitart , barbara hancin - bhatt , james harris , julia herschensohn , jose hualde , haike jacobs , juana liceras , john lipski , diane massam , jean - pierre montreuil , alfonso morales - front , donna jo napoli , rafael nunez - cedeno , ana perez - leroux , paul m . postal , lori repetti , yves roberge , mario saltarelli , lisa selkirk , dominique sportiche , donca steriade , margarita suner , esther torrego , bernard tranel , co vet , marie - therese vinet , amy weinberg , lydia white , karen zagona , raffaella zanuttini & maria - luisa zubizarreta . finally , we wish to thank carlos martin - vide for organizing the concurrent workshop on mathematical linguistics ; robert berwick & walter j . savitch for serving on the wml program committee ; and philip baldi for giving an outreach lecture .
  """",0
  2189,""""Subject: head - driven phrase structure grammar
   
   first call for papers hpsg-99 6th international conference on head - driven phrase structure grammar university of edinburgh august 4 - 6 , 1999 the 6th international conference on hpsg will be held at the university of edinburgh , scotland , on august 4th to 6th 1999 , hosted by the human communication research centre and the department of linguistics . abstracts are solicited for 20 - minute presentations ( followed by 10 minutes of discussion ) which address linguistic , foundational , or computational issues relating to the framework of head - driven phrase structure grammar . special session and invited speakers the conference will feature a special session on grammatical interfaces , exploring the interaction of parts of the sign that encode different types of grammatical information , e . g . syntax / morphology , semantics / syntax , phonology / syntax , etc . this session will have a number of invited speakers , as well as submitted papers . the second call for papers will provide further details about the invited speakers . submissions for the session should be made in the same way as for the main session , but marked ' grammatical interfaces ' . submission details we invite e-mail submissions of abstracts for 30 - minute papers ( including questions and comments ) . a submission should consist of two parts : - an information sheet ( in ascii ) , containing the name of the author ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , e-mail and postal address ( es ) and a title ; - an abstract , consisting of a description of not more than 5 pages ( including figures and references ) . abstracts may be either in plain ascii or in ( unix-compatible encoded ) postscript , pdf , or dvi . abstracts can be sent to hpsg99 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk abstract submission deadline february 15th 1999 notification of acceptance april 18th 1999 publication pending final approval by the publisher , a selected number of papers will be published as a volume of the csli - series """""""" studies in constraint - based lexicalism """""""" , with series editors andreas kathol , jean - pierre koenig and sam mchombo . there will be a separate round of submission and reviewing for this volume after the conference . it is also hoped that a volume of papers on the topic of the special session will be published by oxford university press . programme committee philip miller ( lille , chair ) ronnie cann ( edinburgh , chair ) claire grover ( edinburgh , local arrangements ) bob borsley stephen mueller jong bok , kim adam przepiorkowski dimitra kolliakou enric vallduvi marie labelle frank van eynde bob levine shuly wintner paola monachesi further information web site for hpsg-99 : http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ hpsg99 / for further enquiries mail : hpsg99 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk
  """",0
  2190,""""Subject: metaphor / artificial intelligence and cognition
   
   symposium on metaphor , ai and cognition = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = at the aisb ' 99 convention , 6th - 9th april 1999 edinburgh college of art & division of informatics , university of edinburgh u . k . convention url : http : / / www . dai . ed . ac . uk / daidb / people / homes / geraint / aisb99 / cfp url for this symposium : . . . same as above . . . / 08 - metaphor call for papers the convention - - - - - - - - - - - - - the aisb ' 99 convention will be held in edinburgh in april 1999 . it will consist of 13 workshops and symposia on a wide range of themes in artificial intelligence and cognitive science . an underlying theme of the convention this year is the study of creativity , though not all of the events include a creative element . further details of aisb ' 99 will be found at the conference web site , listed above . the metaphor symposium - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - paper submissions are invited for the symposium on metaphor , ai and cognition . metaphor has been shown to arise frequently and systematically in everyday text and speech , and in specific types of discourse such as educational interchange . it is also of great practical importance in various other areas of life , including graphical representation , music , visual art and computer interface usage . it is therefore an important concern for ai ( and cognitive science generally ) . with the increasing use of computers in society , and the increasing relevance of ai to the development of people-friendly systems , the topic of metaphor must be given much more computational attention than it has been if such systems are truly to succeed . the symposium welcomes contributions on metaphor that seek to illuminate how people or ai systems do or could process metaphor , in whatever medium or form of life it appears . field studies , corpus-based studies and linguistic or philosophical analyses are also welcome , especially if they illuminate difficult processing problems that must be faced . the more computationally , processually , representationally or mathematically specific a contribution to the workshop is , the better ; but contributions that are not specific in these regards will be considered . the areas of interest of the symposium on metaphor , ai and cognition will include , but are not limited to , the following : o handling familiar ( conventional ) metaphor o handling novel metaphor o detecting metaphor in utterances , pictures , diagrams , etc . o extracting metaphorical meaning or connotations o metaphor-based reasoning o generating metaphorical utterances , diagrams , etc . o translation of metaphorical utterances o relationship of metaphor to analogy o relationship of metaphor to literal meaning o frequency of metaphor in discourse o relationship of metaphor to lexicons o effect of metaphor on comprehension , learning , etc . o effect of metaphorical views of computation , intelligence , etc . on the conduct of ai and cognitive science o relationship of metaphor to other non-literal forms of expression or cognition . papers will be selected by anonymous peer review of extended abstracts of not more than 4 a4 pages . a cover page should be supplied listing the title , and the author 's name and affiliation , but the extended abstract itself should not identify the author . deadlines are listed in the timetable , below . programme chair : john barnden school of computer science university of birmingham u . k . j . a . barnden @ cs . bham . ac . uk http : / / www . cs . bham . ac . uk / ~ jab ( + 44 ) ( 0 ) 121-414 - 3816 programme committee : richard coyne department of architecture university of edinburgh u . k . ann dowker department of experimental psychology university of oxford u . k . mark lee school of computer science university of birmingham u . k . tony veale school of computer applications dublin city university eire . yorick wilks department of computer science university of sheffield u . k . submissions should be sent to the programme chair at the following address : school of computer science the university of birmingham edgbaston birmingham b15 2tt u . k . or by email to j . a . barnden @ cs . bham . ac . uk . the following formats are acceptable : hardcopy : 4 copies by email : plain text or unix postscript * only * . timetable submission of extended abstracts : 21 december ' 98 notification of result : 20 january ' 99 submission of camera-ready copy : 12 march ' 99
  """",0
  2191,""""Subject: semantics : m . honcoop , dynamic excursions on weak islands
   
   from holland academic graphics dynamic excursions on weak islands by martin honcoop dynamic excursions on weak island investigates the phenomenon of weak islands within the framework of dynamic semantics . weak islands are contexts that are transparent with respect to some , though not all quantificational dependencies that involve an operator and a variable-expression . specifically , this book explores the consequences of the novel claim that weak islands reduce to the same principles of dynamic semantics that account for inaccessibility . in addition , it examines in both empirical and theoretical terms the precise relationship between the dynamic theory of weak islands and the algebraic semantic approach developed by szabolcsi & zwarts ( 1993 ) . this inquiry leads to a number of further developments of dynamic semantics , such as an intensional version of existential disclosure and an algorithm for computing the dynamic properties of an expression on the basis of its boolean properties . contents : 1 . preamble : a semantic account of weak islands 2 . a dynamic semantics 3 . dynamic binding across weak islands algaebraic versus dynamic perspectives on weak islands 5 . summary and conclusions 1998 . xx + 218 pp . isbn : 90 5569 056 2 . paperback . [ lot international series 13 . hil / leiden university dissertation . ] price for individuals ordering directly from the publisher : nlg 38 . 40 . holland academic graphics < http : / / www . hagpub . com > po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands
  """",0
  2192,""""Subject: socioling : m . vd haagen , caught between norms : american or british
   
   > from holland academic graphics : the english pronunciation of dutch learners caught between norms monique van der haagen this book aims to show to what extent this is true that the english pronunciation of young dutch speakers sounds more and more american . it reports on the english pronunciation of 204 secondary school pupils in amsterdam , groningen , venlo and nijmegen . in addition , it investigates what character traits these pupils associate with male and female speakers of british and american english . this was done by means of a listening test in which the pupils judged a total of twelve speakers of both varieties on a number of such traits . finally , it attempts to relate the pupils ' pronunciation to the results of attitude as well as preference tests . the production data reveal that in free speech 40 % of the occurrences of the variables investigated show an american pronunciation . the preference test shows that the pupils regard british english as the norm , but that there is a shift in preference towards american english for most of the variables . the attitude test showed that americans and britons were considered equal in social status , but americans are considered more dynamic , especially female speakers . there was a considerable difference between learners from different educational levels , and between learners from different geographical areas , but , contrary to the usual sociolinguistic finding , there was no difference between male and female subjects in any of the tests . contents : 1 . introduction 2 . method 3 . pronunciation 4 . attitudes 5 . recognition and preference 6 . conclusion 1998 . viii + 138 pp . isbn : 90 5569 055 4 . paperback . [ lot international series 12 . cls / nijmegen university dissertation . ] price for individuals ordering directly from the publisher : nlg 29 . 60 . holland academic graphics < http : / / www . hagpub . com > po box 53292 2505 ag the hague the netherlands fax : + 31 70 448 0177
  """",0
  2193,""""Subject: consciousness conference announcement
   
   society for the anthropology of consciousness a section of the american anthropological association spring annual conference 1999 call for papers march 24-28 , 1999 university of california , berkeley the faculty club conference theme manifestations of human consciousness through culture abstracts will be considered only if accompanied with full registration payment . please send your request for a registration packet to : helmut wautischer , program chair department of philosophy sonoma state university 1801 e . cotati ave . rohnert park , ca 94928 fax ( 707 ) 664-2505 wautisch @ sonoma . edu the deadline for submission of abstracts plus dues is monday , january 11 , 1999 . please request your registration packet before the 30th of november to assure timely processing during the holiday season . requests and inquiries after december 1st can be received and processed only via e-mail . for anyone wishing to do papers in the general area of language and consciousness , please cc : me at dalford @ haywire . csuhayward . edu
  """",0
  2194,""""Subject: malay / indonesian linguistics symposium
   
   the third symposium on malay / indonesian linguistics 24-25 august 1999 amsterdam , the netherlands short reminder : persons wishing to present a paper at the symposium are invited to submit a one-page abstract , by regular mail , email , or fax , to david gil , at any of the addresses below . deadline for submission of abstracts : 15 may 1999 early submission of abstracts is encouraged . for additional information , including the full text of the call for abstracts , plus occasional updates , visit the symposium webpage : http : / / www . ling . udel . edu / pcole / malayindonesian3 / index . htm david gil department of linguistics max planck institute for evolutionary anthropology inselstrasse 22 , d-04103 leipzig , germany telephone : 44-341 - 9952310 fax : 44-341 - 9952119 email : gil @ eva . mpg . de
  """",0
  2195,""""Subject: 1998 tls : exploring the boundaries between phonetics and phonology
   
   1998 conference of the texas linguistics society exploring the boundaries between phonetics and phonology march 13-15 , 1998 the university of texas at austin - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - friday , march 13th * 8 : 45 - 9 : 45 registration and coffee * 9 : 45 - 10 : 00 opening remarks * 10 : 00 - 10 : 40 natasha warner ( university of california , berkeley ) o integrating speech perception and formal phonology * 10 : 40 - 11 : 20 randall gess ( university of utah ) o phonetics vs . phonology in sound change : what ot has to say 11 : 20 - 11 : 30 break * 11 : 30 - 12 : 10 lisa lavoie ( cornell university ) o effects of prosodic structure on phonetic and phonological consonant weakening * 12 : 10 - 12 : 50 tivoli majors ( university of texas at austin ) o the parallel role of stress in vowel harmony and v - v coarticulation 12 : 50 - 2 : 30 lunch * 2 : 30 - 3 : 10 kenneth de jong ( indiana university ) bushra zawaydeh ( indiana university ) o a sketch of arabic stress and durational structure * 3 : 10 - 3 : 50 anna bosch ( university of kentucky ) kenneth de jong ( indiana university ) o syllables and supersyllables : evidence for low level phonological domains 3 : 50 - 4 : 00 break * 4 : 00 - 5 : 00 keynote address : abigail cohn ( cornell university ) saturday , march 14th 8 : 30 - 9 : 00 registration and coffee * 9 : 00 - 10 : 00 keynote address : patricia keating ( ucla ) 10 : 00 - 10 : 10 break * 10 : 10 - 10 : 50 robert j . podesva ( cornell university ) o an acoustic analysis of buginese consonants * 10 : 50 - 11 : 30 bill ham ( cornell university ) o some effects of language - specific timing strategies on vowel duration 11 : 30 - 1 : 00 lunch * 1 : 00 - 1 : 40 bushra zawaydeh ( indiana university ) o the natural class guttural : endoscopic and acoustic evidence * 1 : 40 - 2 : 20 madelaine plauche ( university of california , berkeley ) o glottalized sonorants in yowlumne * 2 : 20 - 3 : 00 ioana chitoran ( dartmouth college ) o georgian harmonic clusters : phonetic cues to phonological patterns 3 : 00 - 3 : 10 break * 3 : 10 - 3 : 50 chip gerfen ( university of north carolina , chapel hill ) paul denisowski ( university of north carolina , chapel hill ) o h ( igh ) - h ( igh ) , l ( ow ) - l ( ow ) , w ( hats ) - w ( hat ) ? * 3 : 50 - 4 : 30 scott myers ( university of texas at austin ) o surface underspecification of tone in chichewa saturday night : party ! sunday , march 15th 8 : 30 - 9 : 00 coffee * 9 : 00 - 10 : 00 keynote address : janet pierrehumbert ( northwestern university ) 10 : 00 - 10 : 10 break * 10 : 10 - 10 : 50 ayako tsuchida ( rutgers university ) o phonetic and phonological vowel devoicing in japanese * 10 : 50 - 11 : 30 allyson carter ( university of arizona ) o the phonetic manifestation of unfooted syllables : evidence from young childrens weak syllable omissions * 11 : 30 - 12 : 10 iris smorodinsky ( haskins laboratories & yale university ) o the phonology and phonetics of schwa in parisian french : an articulatory analysis for more information , see our website at : http : / / uts . cc . utexas . edu / ~ tls /
  """",0
  2196,""""Subject: slavic languages
   
   3rd european conference on formal description of slavic languages 1 - 3 december , 1999 hosted by the university of leipzig the slavic department of the university of leipzig is pleased to announce the 3rd european conference on formal description of slavic languages ( fdsl - 3 ) . abstracts are invited for 30 - minute talks ( 20 - minute presentation plus 10 minutes for discussion ) on the syntax , morphology , phonology , semantics , and psycholinguistics of slavic languages . presentations will be in any slavic language , english or german . deadline for receipt of abstracts : may 30 , 1999 how to submit abstracts : abstract submission must be by post ( email submissions will not be accepted ) . send 4 copies of an anonymous one-page abstract to the postal address below . one additional page with references , figures and data ( no text ) may be appended , if necessary . please include an extra sheet of paper with : - title of paper - your name ( and title ) - complete mailing address and affiliation ( or home address , if necessary ) - telephone and fax numbers - email address ( and url of personal homepage ) authors whose abstracts are accepted will be notified in mid - july 1999 . those interested in attending fdsl - 3 are invited to register their email and / or postal addresses at the conference address below ( email is preferred for all communication except submission of abstracts ) . additional information is available at the fdsl - 3 web site : < http : / / www . uni-leipzig . de / ~ jungslav / fdsl / fdsl - 3 / fdsl - 3 . html organizing committee : gerhild zybatow , uwe junghanns , grit mehlhorn , luka szucsich postal address : universitaet leipzig institut fuer slavistik fdsl - 3 organizing committee augustusplatz 9 04109 leipzig germany email : < fdsl - 3 @ rz . uni-leipzig . de > phone : + + 49-341 - 97 37 450 , - 454 fax : + + 49-341 - 97 37 499
  """",0
  2197,""""Subject: interdisciplinary approaches to latin america
   
   crossing boundaries : interdisciplinary approaches to latin america 29th june - 2nd july 1999 call for papers this international conference aims to explore some of the contemporary cultural debates taking place about latin america and to draw together the various strands of those debates in a multidisciplinary forum . papers might consider the various issues around modernization , hybridity , or transculturation as they apply to various fields of study . papers would be welcome in any of the following fields : cultural studies , literature ( particularly those looking at trends in contemporary narrative including neo-avantgarde and popular fiction ) , drama studies , cinema , gender studies , popular culture , comparative literature , anthropology , ethnography , sociology , linguistics , economics , politics and / or law . symposia proposed so far include ' exile : the latin american experience ' , ' indigenismo & negrismo ' , ' u . s . & latin america ' . papers should be no longer than 20 minutes . abstracts of no more than 200 words in english , spanish or portuguese should be sent , preferably by email , to the conference organisers ( see below ) , department of languages and cultural studies , university of limerick , ireland by the 31st of january 1999 . conference organizers nuala finnegan , kate quinn , nancy serrano , department of languages and cultural studies , university of limerick , limerick , ireland . tel . 353 61 202700 fax : 353 61 330316 email : nuala . finnegan @ ul . ie , kate . quinn @ ul . ie , nancy . serrano @ ul . ie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - for updates etc . , please visit our webpage : http : / / www . ul . ie / ~ neylonm / conf . html mr . michele j . neylon , department of language & cultural studies , university of limerick , limerick , ireland tel . 353-61 - 202670 http : / / www . ul . ie / ~ neylonm / index . html _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",0
  2198,""""Subject: 2nd call : germanic linguistics annual conf
   
   2nd call for papers germanic linguistics annual conference-5 ( glac - 5 ) will take place at the university of texas at austin , april 16-18 , 1999 . invited keynote speakers : prof . harald clahsen , university of essex prof . geoffrey russom , brown university we invite colleagues at all levels ( faculty and graduate students ) to submit abstracts for 30 - minute papers on any linguistic or philological aspect of any historic or modern germanic language or dialect , including english ( to 1500 ) and the extraterritorial varieties . papers from a range of linguistic subfields , including phonetics , phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics , sociolinguistics , language acquisition , contact , and change , as well as differing theoretical approaches , are especially welcome . please send to the address below a one-page , 12 - point font abstract that is headed only by the title of your paper , as well as a separate 3 """""""" x 5 """""""" index card with your name , institutional affiliation , mailing address , phone / fax numbers , e-mail address , and the title of your paper . submissions must be received by january 2 , 1999 . notifications of acceptance will be sent out by february 1 , 1999 . glac - 5 department of germanic studies e . p . schoch 3 . 102 university of texas at austin austin , texas 78712 for more information , e-mail prof . mark l . louden ( louden @ mail . utexas . edu ) or prof . mark r . v . southern ( m . southern @ mail . utexas . edu ) . you may also consult the glac - 5 website at http : / / www . utexas . edu / courses / louden / glac . html mark l . louden associate professor department of germanic languages eps 3 . 102 ut - austin austin , texas 78712 ( office ) ( 512 ) 471-4123 ( fax ) ( 512 ) 471-4025 ( home ) ( 830 ) 672-2392 - - note new area code !
  """",0
  2199,""""Subject: 7th european nlg workshop
   
   7th european workshop on natural language generation call for papers toulouse ( france ) , may 13-15 1999 this seventh european workshop on natural language generation will focus on all aspects of computational linguistics and industrial applications related to natural language generation . papers related to theoretical aspects , applied research and ongoing projects are encouraged . natural language generation being the study of a number of models , approaches and systems , the workshop will include , besides classical topics , scientific domains in which natural language generation plays an important role , such as speech , dialogue , multi-media interfaces , psycho-linguistics , and theoretical linguistics . relevant application domains include all types of applications ( mt , ir and ie , etc . ) in which generation plays an important role and where specific techniques or models of generation have been developed . the main topics are the following , without excluding others : - lexical aspects : phonology , morphology , syntax and semantics , - syntactic aspects , - semantic and pragmatic aspects , - speech synthesis and nlg , oral dialogue , - construction of knowledge bases for nlg , - applications of nlg : mt , summarization , report generation , etc . , - multi-media generation including graphics , numerical information , and texts in various formats , etc . , - psycholinguistic aspects of nlg : in speech production , in discourse production and management , in lexicalization , etc . - architectures for nlg , - internet and web applications using nlg . multiple submissions must be mentioned , and if the paper is accepted at several places , presentation at the workshop will be conditional to the paper been withdrawn from these other places . papers should be prepared in latex ( preferably ) or in word ( send rtf file ) , not exceeding 4000 words ( about 8 to 10 pages long ) , including references . more details about format submissions will be given soon on the workshop web site . papers must relate original , unpublished work . work in progress can also be submitted . papers must include the authors ' name , full address and e-mail . they will be reviewed anonymously . therefore , a title page must come separately , with the title of the paper , the abstract , the authors ' names and addresses , and , if appropriate , the mention of multiple submissions ( and where the paper has been submitted ) . no indication of the authors ' identity must appear in the text of the paper . deadlines : january 25th submission of papers by e-mail march 10th notification of acceptance / rejection april 15th final paper due ( paper copy ) may 13-15 workshop papers and all correspondence should be sent to stdizier @ irit . fr programme committee : christy doran wolfgang hoeppner helmut horacek eduard hovy guy lapalme kathy mccoy david mcdonald kathy mckeown chris mellish cecile paris patrick saint - dizier manfred stede michael zock local organization information : web site ( forthcoming ) : http : / / www . irit . fr / manifs / manifs . html look for : ewnlg ' 99 . the meeting will be held in toulouse downtown , in the holiday inn hotel , on the famous ` place du capitole ' , in the heart of the old town . toulouse has an international airport , with many national and european destinations . there are many places worth visiting in the city , all within about 10 minutes walking distance ( museums , old roman - style churches , 16th - 17th century private houses with inner yards , etc . ) . fees should be around 750 french francs ( about 130 us $ ) , for 2 days , including two lunches , the breaks and the proceedings . for three days , fees will be about 1000f . blocks of rooms will be reserved in the hotel meeting ( 530f per room per day , incl . buffet breakfast ) and in other , cheaper , hotels around at preferential rates .
  """",0
  2200,""""Subject: morphophonemics / slavic languages
   
   marta harasowska morphophonemic variability , productivity , and change the case of rusyn 1998 . 23 x 15 , 5 cm . xv , 266 pages cloth dm 198 , - / approx . us $ 124 . 00 isbn 3-11 - 015761 - 6 trends in linguistics . studies and monographs 110 mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this volume presents an in-depth investigation of processes influencing morphophonemic variability , productivity , and change . the author adopts the labovian approach to the study of language and examines both linguistic and extra-linguistic factors which bear on language use . bybee 's analogy-based model of morphology provides the ` psychologically real ' theoretical framework for representing the linguistic processes under scrutiny . the language chosen for the study is rusyn , a slavic minority language in serbia 's autonomous province of vojvodina . sharing historical roots with polish , slovak , and ukrainian , present-day rusyn functions within a language contact area dominated by serbo - croatian . as a micro-language in a macro-linguistic environment , rusyn offers the ideal microcosm for a study of linguistic variability and change . the data for the study were collected during the course of field work in vojvodina . they are interpreted using ` response coincidence analysis ' , an analytical technique which identifies the ` linguistic ' groupings in the data and is thus neutral with regard to the ` social ' groupings apparent in the speech community . what emerges is a unique view of morphophonemics as a transitional level not only between phonology and morphology , but also between phonology , morphology , and semantics . moreover , the examined morphophonemic patterns in rusyn are found to be in the process of change which can indeed be attributed to both linguistic and extra-linguistic factors . the findings for rusyn will be of relevance to the study of other linguistic communities , particularly those functioning in language contact areas . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
  """",0
  2201,""""Subject: chinese linguistics ; complete words of luo changpei
   
   the complete works of luo changpei will be published in 1999 by shandong education publishing house in china . a commemorative meeting will be held in beijing on the hundredth anniversary of the author 's birth , august 9 , 1999 . on the same occasion the luo changpei linguistics scholarship foundation will be announced . luo changpei was one of the founders of modern linguistics in china . he stood on the shoulders of the giants in this field and explored diverse branches of the science . he was in the first generation of linguistic scientists from the institute of history and philology of the academia sinica . he established the institute of linguistics of the chinese academy of social sciences , assumed its direction and was nominated academician . his contribution is historic . the anthology includes the author 's published and unpublished works in ten volumes , of which the first six are books and the last four monographs . each volume has an editorial acknowledgement and postnote . annexed to vol . x are a biographical outline and two indexes , one by alphabetic order , the other by stroke . please direct inquiries to wl @ pub . casc . cn . net ( luo shengyi ) . vol . i . 1 . the phonological system of the amoy dialect 2 . the phonological system of the speech of linchuan vol . ii . 1 . the speech of north - west china under the tang dynasty and the five kingdoms 2 . a study of rime evolution under the wei , jin and north - south dynasties ( co-authored with zhou zumo ) vol . iii . 1 . an introduction to chinese phonology 2 . history of the romanization of chinese characters 3 . rimes in beijing folk songs ( annex , collection of popular rimes ) vol . iv . minority languages 1 . a preliminary study of the qiu language of gongshan 2 . a preliminary study of the nu language of gongshan 3 . a preliminary study of the baiyi language of lianshan ( co-authored with xing qinglan , rechecked by zhou yaowen and fang fenghe ) 4 . chinese under the yuan dynasty and the bagsba characters ( revised edition , co-authored with cai meibiao ) vol . v . 1 . an outline of general phonetics ( revised edition , co-authored with wang jun ) 2 . language and culture 3 . the chinese and the chinese language vol . vi . unpublished course handouts 1 . evolution of the chinese phonological system ( table and legend ) 2 . comments on publications abroad about chinese phonology 3 . about ancient chinese phonology vol . vii . 1 . monographs on philology and linguistics ( i ) 2 . monographs on philology and linguistics ( ii ) vol . viii . 1 . columns on chinese phonology 2 . influences from abroad on the study of chinese phonology vol . ix . 1 . monographs about chinese dialects and minority languages ( 40 essays ) 2 . linguistic miscellany ( 38 essays ) vol . x . 1 . chinese linguistics essays in foreign languages 2 . on the tough route of sichuan 3 . between canshan mountain and lake erhai 4 . biography 5 . indexes : alphabetic and stroke editorial committee : advisors : lu """""""" shuxiang * , ma xueliang , wu zongji , zhang qingchang * , gao huanian * ( deceased ) chief editor : wang jun deputy editors : zhou dingyi , sun hongkai , gao gengsheng , yuchi zhiping editors ( by stroke order ) : wang jun , wang hongxin , sun hongkai , shao rongfen , yang naisi , li zhaoxiang , zhou dingyi , luo shengyi , luo shenyi , gao gengsheng , yuchi zhiping , xie rongdai , cai meibiao editor in charge : sui xiancun secretary : luo shengyi ( person to contact ) zhong guan cun bldg 78 , apt 206 beijing , 100080 tel . & fax : 86-62 55 84 19 e - mail : wl @ pub . casc . cn . net
  """",0
  2202,""""Subject: syntax - semantics workshop
   
   call for abstracts move and interpret alpha : workshop on movement-related issues in the syntax , semantics , and the syntax-semantics interface march 20-21 , 1999 keynote speaker : kyle johnson , university of massachusetts , amherst center of excellence kanda university of international studies makuhari , chiba , japan we invite abstract submissions for 40 - minute talks on issues having to do with movement which arise in the areas of syntax , semantics , and the syntax-semantics interface . work which aims to distinguish interpretations by means of movement , discusses the syntactic or semantic repercussions of movement , investigates the syntactic or semantic aspects of movement-created dependencies , or argues for or against the use of movement for dealing with particular syntactic or semantic phenomena is welcome . possibly relevant topics include wh-movement , quantifier raising , reconstruction , quantifier float , island effects , parasitic gaps , pied-piping , and relative clauses . the deadline for receipt of abstracts is january 31st , 1999 . please send five copies of a non-anonymous abstract ( maximally 2 pages in length , using a legible font , with 1 """""""" margins on all sides , a4 or us letter paper ) , along with a sheet of paper bearing the author 's name , affiliation , paper title , and e-mail and regular mail addresses . e - mail submissions will also be accepted ( . ps or . pdf formats ) . send abstracts by mail to : move and interpret alpha workshop coe , kanda university of international studies 1 - 4 - 1 wakaba , mihama - ku chiba - shi , chiba - ken japan 261-0014 send abstracts or questions by e-mail to both uli sauerland and norvin richards at : uli @ kanda . kuis . ac . jp , norvin @ kanda . kuis . ac . jp ( please send e-mail to both addresses ) authors of accepted abstracts will be informed by february 8th , 1999 . subject to the availability of funding , we will try to cover accomodation expenses for speakers from outside of japan for the time of the workshop , but not travel expenses . kanda university is located in makuhari , between narita tokyo international airport and downtown tokyo . for more information about the coe and kanda university , please consult the web at : coe http : / / coe-sun . kuis . ac . jp / kanda http : / / www . kuis . ac . jp /
  """",0
  2203,""""Subject: current research in language
   
   anyone interested in submitting a proposal for the session on current research in language and language teaching at the 1999 aatsp in colorado , please send a one page abstract by january 1 , 1999 to : elizabeth a . martinez college of charleston department of spanish 66 george st . charleston , sc 29424 fax : ( 843 ) 953-6758 phone : ( 843 ) 953-8066 e - mail : martineze @ cofc . edu
  """",0
  2204,""""Subject: computational linguistics
   
   eacl ' 99 call for papers , demos / posters , student papers , tutorials and workshops , 2nd edition http : / / www . ltg . ed . ac . uk / eacl99 / call-for - papers . html _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9th conference of the european chapter of the association for computational linguistics 8 - - 12 june , 1999 university of bergen bergen , norway 1 . table of contents 2 . paper sessions 3 . poster and demo sessions 4 . student sessions 5 . tutorials 6 . workshops 7 . invited speakers 8 . venue and local arrangements 9 . timetable 2 . paper sessions 2 . 1 . topics of interest papers are invited on substantial , original , and unpublished research on all aspects of computational linguistics , including , but not limited to : pragmatics , discourse , semantics , syntax and the lexicon ; phonetics , phonology and morphology ; interpreting and generating spoken and written language ; linguistic , mathematical and psychological models of language ; language-oriented information retrieval and information extraction ; corpus-based language modeling ; machine translation and translation aids ; natural language interfaces and dialogue systems ; approaches to coordinating the linguistic with other modalities in multi-media systems ; message and narrative understanding systems . 2 . 2 . requirements papers should describe original work . they should emphasize completed work rather than intended work and they should indicate clearly the state of completion of the reported results . wherever appropriate , concrete evaluation results should be included . a paper accepted for presentation at the eacl meeting cannot be presented or have been presented at any other meeting with publicly available published proceedings . papers that are being submitted to other conferences must reflect this fact on the title page . 2 . 3 . format for submission authors should submit preliminary versions of their papers for review , not to exceed 3200 words ( exclusive of references ) . papers should be headed by a title page containing the paper id code ( see below ) , title , a short ( 5 line ) summary , up to five keywords specifying the subject area , the word count ( excluding figures and bibliography ) and a notice of multiple submission , if required . since reviewing will be ` blind ' , the title page of the paper should omit author names and addresses . furthermore , self-references that reveal the authors ' identity ( e . g . , """""""" we previously showed ( smith , 1991 ) . . . """""""" ) should be avoided . instead , use references of the form """""""" smith previously showed ( 1991 ) . . . """""""" care should be taken to avoid obvious giveaways in the bibliography such as listings for unpublished in-house technical reports . papers outside the specified length and / or without an id code are liable to rejection without review . to identify each paper , an id code must be acquired by filing an electronic paper registration form ( http : / / www . ltg . ed . ac . uk / eacl99 / register . html ) : on successful completion of this form an id code will be sent to the designated author by e-mail . to assist in the refereeing process , we would be very grateful if authors prepare a web-browsable ( e . g . html , postscript , pdf ) electronic version of their papers . we understand that this may not be possible in all cases , but request that it be prepared if at all possible . to preserve anonymity , do not include a pointer to this with your paper submission : we will request a url for your electronic version in the email acknowledgement of receipt message . also please note that we will not be downloading copies from this url , so it should remain valid through the refereeing process , i . e . until 10 march 1999 . be aware that the paper copy is the definitive copy , and changes should not be made to the electronic copy after submission on paper . we strongly recommend the use of acl - standard latex ( plus bibstyle and trivial example ) or word style files for the preparation of submissions . these styles include a place for the required information such as id code and word count , and allow for a graceful transition to the style required for publication . see http : / / www . ltg . ed . ac . uk / eacl99 / style / for templates . if you cannot use the acl - standard styles directly , a description of the required format is at http : / / www . ltg . ed . ac . uk / eacl99 / style / substyle . html . if you cannot access this web page , send email to eacl99 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk with subject substyle for an automatic reply . 2 . 4 . submission procedure four ( 4 ) paper copies of each paper ( printed on both sides of the page if possible ) should be submitted to the following address : eacl programme committee hcrc 2 buccleuch place edinburgh eh8 9lw scotland , uk enquiries to the programme committee by email at eacl99 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk . 2 . 5 . schedule submissions must be received by 18 january 1999 . late submissions ( those arriving on or after 19 january 1999 ) will be returned unopened . acknowledgements will be emailed soon after receipt . notification of acceptance will be sent to authors ( by email ) on 10 march 1999 . camera - ready copies of final papers prepared in a double-column format , preferably using a laser printer , must be received by 19 april 1999 , along with a signed copyright release statement . detailed formatting guidelines will be provided to authors with their acceptance notice . the paper sessions , including student papers , will take place on 9 - - 11 june 1999 . 2 . 6 . programme committee chair : henry s . thompson , university of edinburgh co - chair : alex lascarides , university of edinburgh area chairs : john carroll , university of sussex ; robert gaizauskas , university of sheffield ; jan hajic , charles university ; mats rooth , university of stuttgart ; paul taylor , university of edinburgh ; marilyn walker , att research labs . poster session chair : giorgio satta , university of padua the members in each area of the programme committee will be listed in the proceedings . 3 . poster and demo sessions the meeting will include a poster session and a demo session . posters should present work in progress , project status reports , unevaluated results or system summaries ( with or without demos ) . space for a1 posters is reserved at the session and there will be 2 pages in the proceedings allocated to describe the work shown in the poster . we also encourage the submission of software demos presenting system overviews . developers should outline the design of their system and provide sufficient details to allow the evaluation of its validity , quality , and relevance to computational linguistics . pointers to web sites running the demo preview will also be helpful . for both sessions , four ( 4 ) paper copies of a two ( 2 ) page abstract not exceeding 800 words ( exclusive of references ) should be submitted by 18 january 1999 to the posters / demos chair : giorgio satta universita di padova dipartimento di elettronica e informatica via gradenigo 6 / a 35131 padova italy phone : + 39 ( 0 ) 49 827-7831 fax : + 39 ( 0 ) 49 827-7826 email : satta @ dei . unipd . it both submissions should include the following information on the first page : paper title and author ( s ) ' name ( s ) ; address , telephone / fax numbers and email of contact author . submission type ( """""""" poster submission """""""" or """""""" demo submission """""""" ) must be clearly indicated on the first page . demo submissions should also clearly indicate if any computer equipment is expected to be provided by the local organizer . if so , please specify desired hardware platform , hard disk and memory capacity , operating system and other software needed in order to run the demo . also mention name and contact information of systems operations specialist . if you are bringing your own laptop , you should instead request a video projector if you need one , providing details about pc type , screen resolution , etc . submissions arriving on or after 19 january 1999 will be returned unopened . acknowledgements will be emailed soon after receipt . notification of acceptance will be sent to authors by email on 10 march 1999 . camera - ready copies of poster papers must be received at the eacl programme committee address in edinburgh by 19 april 1999 , along with a signed copyright release statement . detailed formatting guidelines will be provided to authors along with the acceptance notice . 4 . student sessions there will again be special student sessions organized by a committee of eacl graduate student members . eacl student members are invited to submit short papers on any of the topics listed above . the papers will be reviewed by a committee of students and faculty members for presentation in workshop-style sessions and publication in a special section of the conference proceedings . the call for papers is now available at http : / / www . ims . uni-stuttgart . de / eacl99 - student / . 5 . tutorials the meeting will include a programme of tutorials on tuesday june 8 , immediately preceding , and at the same venue as the conference . each tutorial should be well-focused so that its core content can be covered in a three hour slot ( including a half-hour break ) . in exceptional cases , 6 - hour tutorials are possible as well . proposals for tutorials should contain : * a title and brief description of the tutorial topic . * the names , postal addresses , phone numbers , and email addresses of the tutorial speakers , with brief cv . * any special support requirements ( e . g . pc , projector ) proposals should be submitted by electronic mail , in plain ascii text as soon as possible , but no later than 18 december 1998 to the tutorial coordinator : walter daelemans ilk computational linguistics tilburg university p . o . box 90153 nl-5000 le tilburg the netherlands phone : + 31 13 4663070 fax : + 31 13 4663110 email : walter . daelemans @ kub . nl approved tutorial speakers ' travel and accommodation expenses will be reimbursed provided a short tutorial abstract and full tutorial materials are received in good time for publicity and reproduction . details of the schedule for this will accompany notification of acceptance . for further details concerning tutorials , see the tutorials page at http : / / ilk . kub . nl / ~ walter / eacl / tutorials . html 6 . workshops as in other years , eacl ' 99 will be accompanied by a number of workshops . these will be held on june 12 , the day after the main conference . the acl has a policy on workshops ( ftp : / / ftp . cs . columbia . edu / acl-l / information / workshop-policy . gz ) . proposals must include a clear description of the workshop aims , a budget of the workshop expenses and expected sources of income , and an indication of the expected number of participants . please send your workshop proposals ( preferably electronically ) as soon as possible and in any case before 18 december 1998 to the workshop chair : gertjan van noord alfa - informatica rug po box 716 9700 as groningen the netherlands email : vannoord @ let . rug . nl for further details concerning workshops , see the workshops page at http : / / www . let . rug . nl / ~ vannoord / eacl99 / workshops . html 7 . invited speakers we are pleased to announce that wolfgang wahlster , director of dfki ( german research center for artificial intelligence ) and vice president - elect of the acl , and bruce croft , director , center for intelligent information retrieval at the university of massachusetts , amherst , will be our two keynote speakers . 8 . venue and local arrangements the conference will be held in bergen , norway from 8 through 12 june , 1999 . see the conference home page for local arrangements information ( http : / / www . hit . uib . no / eacl99 ) . the local arrangements committee is chaired by koenraad de smedt . the local arrangements committee can be reached at : humanities information technologies university of bergen alligaten 27 5007 bergen norway phone : + 47 5558-8008 fax : + 47 5558-9470 email : eacl99 @ uib . no 9 . timetable 1998 18 dec workshop proposals due in groningen 18 dec tutorial proposals due in tilburg 25 dec decisions on workshops sent to workshop organisers 28 dec decision on tutorials sent to tutorial organisers 1999 18 jan submitted papers due in edinburgh 18 jan submitted posters / demo papers due in padua 1 mar tutorial summary for brochure due in tilburg 10 mar decisions on programme sent to authors 19 apr final versions of papers due in edinburgh 19 apr final versions of poster / demo papers due in edinburgh 1 may tutorial course material due in tilburg 5 may camera - ready copy of workshop proceedings due in groningen 8 jun tutorials 9 - - 11 jun paper sessions 12 jun workshops
  """",0
  2205,""""Subject: greek linguistics
   
   conference announcement the 20th annual meeting on greek linguistics of the department of linguistics school of philology , faculty of philosophy , aristotle university of thessaloniki , will take place in thessaloniki , from april 23 to 25 , 1999 . invited speakers : antonin bartonek ( brno ) , charles fillmore ( berkeley ) , brian joseph ( columbus ) , thomas gamkrelidze ( tbilisi ) , william labov ( philadelphia ) , michalis setatos ( thessaloniki ) . deadline for abstracts : january 15 , 1999 program committee : theodossia - soula pavlidou and christos tzitzilis for more information , please contact : conference secretariat ( maria arapopoulou and friderikos valetopoulos ) department of linguistics , school of philology , faculty of philosophy , aristotle university of thessaloniki , gr - thessaloniki , greece e-mail : friderikosv @ hotmail . com fax : + + 30-31 - 997419 telephone : + + 30-31 - 997054 [ only monday and thursday , 11 : 00-13 : 00 hours ]
  """",0
  2206,""""Subject: computaional linguistics
   
   call for tutorial proposals tutorials chair : richard sproat bell labs - lucent technologies rws @ research . bell-labs . com call the association for computaional linguistics ' 99 program committee invites proposals for the tutorial program for acl ' 99 , to be held at the university of maryland , college park , md , usa , june 20 - - 26 , 1999 . the tutorials for acl ' 99 will be held on june 20th . each tutorial should be well-focused so that its core content can be covered in a three hour tutorial slot ( including a 30 minute break ) . in exceptional cases , 6 - hour tutorial slots are possible as well . there will be space and time for at most four three-hour tutorials . submission details proposals for tutorials should contain : * a title and brief ( < 500 word ) content description of the tutorial topic . * the names , postal addresses , phone numbers , and email addresses of the tutorial speakers , with one-paragraph statement of the speaker 's ( s ' ) research interests and areas of expertise . * any special requirements for technical needs ( computer infrastructure , etc . ) proposals should be submitted by electronic mail , in plain ascii ( iso8859 - 1 ) text as soon as possible , but no later than december 18th , 1998 . the subject line should be : """""""" acl 99 tutorial proposal """""""" . please note : proposals will not be accepted by regular mail or fax . please submit your proposals and any inquiries to : richard sproat , acl ' 99 tutorials chair bell laboratories , lucent technologies 600 mountain avenue , murray hill , nj 07974 usa rws @ research . bell-labs . com practical arrangements accepted tutorial speakers must provide descriptions of their tutorials for inclusion in the conference registration material by march 1 , 1999 . the description must be provided in three formats : a latex version that fits onto 1 / 2 page ; an ascii ( iso8859 - 1 ) version that can be included with the email announcement ; an html version that can be included on the conference home page . tutorial speakers will provide tutorial materials , at least containing copies of the overhead sheets used , by may 1 , 1999 . finances : the current acl policy is that tutorials are reimbursed at the following rate : $ 500 per session plus $ 25 per registrant in the range 21-50 plus $ 15 per registrant in excess of 50 . note that this is per tutorial , not per presenter : multiple presenters will split the proceeds , the default assumption being an even split . the acl does not usually cover travel expenses except where the presenter ( s ) cannot get them through the usual mechanisms : for acl members we assume that they would be coming to the meeting anyway . for people who are not acl members , we would expect to pay for costs that they cannot get reimbursed elsewhere . important dates submission deadline for tutorial proposal : 18 dec 1998 notification of acceptance of tutorial proposal : 28 dec 1998 tutorial descriptions due to tutorial chair : 1 mar 1999 tutorial course material due to tutorial chair : 1 may 1999 tutorials date : 20 june 1999
  """",0
  2207,""""Subject: comutational linguistics - general & thematic sessions
   
   acl ' 99 call for papers 37th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics 20 - - 26 june , 1999 university of maryland [ you may find it easier to read this information on the web at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 ] 1 . paper sessions 1 . 1 topics of interest in a break with tradition , at this year 's acl conference we are experimenting with a new format . the technical sessions of the conference will be of two kinds . there will be general sessions of the kind that have formed the conference programme in the past ; however , there will also be a number of special thematic sessions , somewhat like a special issue of a journal , organised around themes proposed by members of the computational linguistics community . our aim is to incorporate some of the intensity and excitement of the traditional post-conference workshops , without replacing those workshops . the conference structure will mean that the thematic sessions will run as parallel sessions , resulting in smaller and more focussed audiences . when you submit a paper to the conference , you will need to consider whether you want to present the paper in the general sessions or in one of the thematic sessions , which are listed below . for the general sessions , papers are invited on substantial , original , and unpublished research on all aspects of computational linguistics , including , but not limited to : pragmatics , discourse , semantics , syntax and the lexicon ; phonetics , phonology and morphology ; interpreting and generating spoken and written language ; linguistic , mathematical and psychological models of language ; language-oriented information retrieval and information extraction ; corpus-based language modeling ; machine translation and translation aids ; natural language interfaces and dialogue systems ; approaches to coordinating the linguistic with other modalities in multi-media systems ; message and narrative understanding systems . papers submitted to the thematic sessions are more narrowly targeted at specific topics . the complete list of thematic sessions is as follows ; further information about each can be found at the indicated url . d1 : dialogue management in interactive spoken dialogue systems chairs : diane litman and marilyn walker motivation : the advent of real-time interactive spoken dialogue systems poses special challenges for dialogue management . topics : evaluation , dialogue strategies , repair , system integration , learning / optimizing system behavior , corpus analysis , robust processing , and the requirements dialogue places on generation , speech recognition and synthesis . http : / / www . research . att . com / ~ diane / acl99 - theme . html d2 : discourse tagging : uses , results and applications chairs : marilyn walker , julia hirschberg and owen rambow motivation : empirical approaches to discourse processing often rely on tagging texts or dialogues with discourse tags from a wide range of tag sets . topics : discourse tagging for training or testing models of discourse structure , reference , translation , speech acts , topic identification , and speech recognition . http : / / www . research . att . com / ~ walker / dtag-acl 99 . html d3 : corpus - based approaches to discourse and dialogue chair : nancy ide this theme treats corpus-based work on any aspect of discourse and dialogue analysis , including co-reference , segmentation , discourse structure , parsing , generation , etc . , especially in the light of relevance to practical applications . http : / / www . cs . vassar . edu / ~ ide / calls / acl99 - discourse . html d4 : lexicon and discourse : connections through structure and semantics chairs : laurence danlos , alistair knott , and bonnie webber motivation : with the lexicon becoming a central resource for computing properties of the sentence , one may consider similar gains for computing properties of discourse . topics : lexical semantics of discourse connectives and focus particles , discourse and lexical interpretation , lexicalized grammars for discourse . http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ alik / acltheme . html i1 : nlp techniques for cross - language information retrieval chair : douglas oard motivation : systems that use queries or examples in one natural language to find text or speech in another are becoming increasingly important . topics : nlp techniques for query translation , cognate matching and interlingual matching techniques , cross-language gisting using summarization or gloss translation . http : / / www . clis . umd . edu / conferences / acl99clir / i2 : exploring the limits of shallow parsing chair : gregory grefenstette shallow parsing techniques provide a partial analysis of the syntactic structures . theme covers research into : quantifying identifiable linguistic phenomena in a corpus ; evaluating accuracy of dependency relations extracted by shallow parsers ; approximation of full parsing with shallow parsers . http : / / www . xrce . xerox . com / research / mltt / dmhead / acl99 i3 : information extraction from spoken language data chairs : lynette hirschman and david palmer motivation : identifying relevant syntactic and semantic items ( such as names , dates , and events ) in speech data requires robust processing of misspellings , transcription errors , tokenization ambiguities and disfluencies . topics : algorithms , architectures , and evaluation techniques for noisy data information extraction http : / / raven . bu . edu / conferences / acl-ie99 / i4 : natural language processing for interactive information retrieval chair : hinrich sch | tze this theme solicits papers that use nlp to enable better interactive information retrieval . examples include query analysis , disambiguation , and classification of queries into semantic hierarchies , but we are especially interested in novel ideas . ftp : / / parcftp . xerox . com / pub / qca / schuetze / acl99 . html i5 : robust sentence - level interpretation chairs : carolyn penstein rose and alon lavie in contrast to information extraction and shallow parsing techniques , in this session we focus on robust approaches to full sentence interpretation , with an emphasis on empirical evaluation . topics : pre-parsing repair , robust parsing , post-parsing repair , and user interaction . http : / / www . pitt . edu / ~ rosecp / topic . html i6 : topic detection chairs : james allan and bruce croft we examine discovering structure and themes across many texts : finding the topics that underlie the text . it includes summarization , theme extraction , tdt detection , concept extraction , high-quality clustering , and related evaluations . http : / / ciir . cs . umass . edu / acl99 l1 : parsing of inflective , agglutinative and / or free word order languages chair : jan hajic parsing of languages displaying non-analytical , non-fixed word order behavior to a large extent poses specific problems which are expected to be addressed . all aspects of dealing with such problems are welcome , including morphological , syntactic and semantic processing . http : / / ufal . ms . mff . cuni . cz l2 : mt / nlp for languages of low diffusion chairs : doug jones and boyan onyshkevych motivation : adequate large-scale mt or other nlp systems do not exist for the bulk of the world 's languages , nor are there significant on-line resources for them . topics : how to build large-scale mt / nlp systems and resources for these other languages ; how to leverage minimal resources ( including native language expertise ) l3 : word segmentation and lexical acquisition in asian languages chair : masaaki nagata motivation : exchange ideas and experiences on word segmentation among asian researchers as well as between asian and western researchers . topics : theories and applications of tokenization and dictionary construction techniques for languages that do not put space between words , such as chinese , japanese , and thai . http : / / www . milab . is . tsukuba . ac . jp / word-seg - acl99 m1 : automated analysis and evaluation of free text chairs : jill burstein and claudia leacock motivation : to bring together researchers who are interested in the evaluation of essays and other free text for purposes of assessment and instruction . topics : identification and analysis of textual features ; generation of feedback to authors ; evaluation of system results . http : / / www . ets . org / research / acl99 . html m2 : the use of large - coverage lexical resources for tagging and parsing chair : max silberztein motivation : to present dictionary-based projects and results whose starting point is either machine readable dictionaries , raw lists or large corpora topics : large-coverage lexical resources , construction of dictionaries , corpus processing http : / / www . ladl . jussieu . fr / confs / acl99 / acl99 . html m3 : prosody modelling in nlg / speech generation chairs : elke teich and sandra williams motivation : integrating natural language generation and speech synthesis . topics : reconciling syntactic , semantic and prosodic representations ; determination of intonation focus and contour according to context ; adaptations of nlg architectures for speech generation . http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / ~ swilliam / acl99theme / m4 : design , implementation , and uses of controlled languages chairs : tony hartley and cecile paris motivation : controlled languages are increasingly used to enhance readability , facilitate automatic processing of documents , and guide input to generation systems . important concerns are the development and enforcement of controlled languages . topics : authoring environments , design principles , corpus analysis , controlled language applications . http : / / www . itri . brighton . ac . uk / events / acl99 / clang . html m5 : computational psycholinguistics chair : philip resnik motivation : discussing empirical and theoretical studies on psychologically motivated computational models of human language processes , as opposed to nlp applications , emphasizing non-introspective data , statistical methods , and the relationship between linguistic competence and performance . topics : computational studies involving processes such as lexical access , parsing , interpretation , generation , disambiguation , acquisition . http : / / umiacs . umd . edu / ~ resnik / acl99 _ cpl / before submitting a paper to a thematic session , you should read the information about each of these themes provided on the separate web pages . during the conference itself , some sessions may be video-taped . presenters will be alerted to this possibility and will be able to request that the cameras are turned off during their presentations . 1 . 2 requirements requirements are the same regardless of whether your are submitting a paper to the general sessions or the thematic sessions ; see the separate call for student papers for information on requirements for papers submitted to the student sessions . papers should describe original work ; they should emphasize completed work rather than intended work and they should indicate clearly the state of completion of the reported results . wherever appropriate , concrete evaluation results should be included . a paper accepted for presentation at the acl meeting cannot be presented or have been presented at any other meeting with publicly available published proceedings . papers that are being submitted to other conferences must indicate this on the title page . 1 . 3 format for submission the format of submissions is the same regardless of whether your are submitting a paper to the general sessions or the thematic sessions ; see the separate call for student papers for information on requirements for papers submitted to the student sessions . authors should submit preliminary versions of their papers for review , not to exceed 3200 words ( exclusive of references ) . papers should be headed by a title page containing the paper id code ( see below ) , the names of all authors , the title , a short ( 5 line ) summary , up to five keywords specifying the subject area ( for the general sessions ) or an indication of the thematic session to which the paper is being submitted , the word count ( excluding figures and bibliography ) and a notice of multiple submission , if required . papers outside the specified length and / or without an id code are liable to rejection without review . to identify each paper , an id code must be acquired by filing an electronic paper registration form , available on the web at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 / register . html : on successful completion of this form an id code will be sent to the designated author by e-mail . if you cannot access the electronic paper registration form , send email to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au with subject idform for an automatic reply . to assist in the refereeing process , we would be very grateful if authors prepare a web-browsable ( e . g . html , postscript , pdf ) electronic version of their papers . the electronic paper registration form contains a field where you can provide this information . we strongly recommend the use of acl - standard latex ( plus bibstyle and trivial example ) or word style files for the preparation of submissions . these styles include a place for the required information such as id code and word count , and allow for a graceful transition to the style required for publication . these files are available from the conference web site at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 . if you cannot use the acl - standard styles directly , a description of the required format is at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 / style / substyle . html . if you cannot access this web page , send email to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au with subject substyle for an automatic reply . 1 . 4 submission and reviewing procedure the submission procedure is the same regardless of whether your are submitting a paper to the general sessions or the thematic sessions ; see the separate call for student papers for information on submission details for papers submitted to the student sessions . four ( 4 ) paper copies of each paper ( printed on both sides of the page if possible ) should be submitted to the following address : acl programme committee c / o ken church at&t labs - research 180 park ave , office d235 po box 971 florham park nj 07932-0971 usa enquiries can be addressed to the programme committee by email at acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au ( robert dale , chair and ken church , co - chair ) . in extreme cases , if you cannot make contact electronically you can reach us by sending a fax , clearly marked """""""" acl programme committee """""""" , to + 61 2 9850 9529 . this fax number is for information enquiries only . please note that faxed submissions of papers are not acceptable . reviewing of papers submitted to the general sessions will , as in previous years , be managed by an international conference programme committee consisting of area chairs , each of whom will have the assistance of a team of reviewers . reviewing of papers for the thematic sessions will be managed by the chairs of the thematic sessions , with the assistance of teams of reviewers ; final decisions on the technical programme content ( both general sessions and thematic sessions ) will be made by the programme committee . 1 . 5 schedule submissions must be received by january 25th 1999 . late submissions ( those arriving on or after january 26th 1999 ) will be returned unopened . acknowledgements will be emailed soon after receipt . notification of acceptance will be sent to authors ( by email ) on march 22nd 1999 . camera - ready copies of final papers prepared in a double-column format , preferably using a laser printer , must be received by may 3rd 1999 , along with a signed copyright release statement . detailed formatting guidelines will be provided to authors with their acceptance notice . the paper sessions , including general , theme and student papers , will take place on june 23rd - - 26th 1999 . 2 . student sessions there will again be special student sessions organized by a committee of acl graduate student members . acl student members are invited to submit short papers on any of the topics listed above for the general sessions . the papers will be reviewed by a committee of students and faculty members for presentation in workshop-style sessions and publication in a special section of the conference proceedings . a separate call for papers for the student sessions is being issued and is available at http : / / www . cs . utoronto . ca / ~ melanie / acl99 / . 3 . tutorials the meeting will include a programme of tutorials on june 20th 1999 immediately preceding the workshops and technical sessions , and at the same venue as the conference . a separate call for tutorial proposals is being issued and is available at http : / / www . bell-labs . com / project / tts / acl99tut . html . 4 . workshops as in other years , acl ' 99 will be accompanied by a number of workshops . these will be held on june 21st - - 22nd 1999 , immediately after the tutorials and before the technical sessions . the acl has a policy on workshops . a separate call for workshop proposals will be issued soon . 5 . demos a separate call for demo proposals will be issued at a later date . 6 . venue and local organisation the conference will be held at the university of maryland from 20th through 26th june , 1999 . the local arrangements committee is chaired by bonnie dorr ; see http : / / www . umiacs . umd . edu / research / clip / acl99 / index . html for local arrangements information . 7 . timetable the dates here pertain only to the general sessions and thematic sessions : see the separate calls for student session papers , tutorial proposals and workshops for the timetabling associated with those elements of the conference . paper submissions deadline : january 25 , 1999 notification of acceptance : march 22 , 1999 camera ready papers due : may 3 , 1999 acl ' 99 conference : june 20 - - 26 , 1999
  """",0
  2208,""""Subject: linguistics association of great britain
   
   linguistics association of great britain spring meeting 1999 : university of manchester first circular and call for papers the 1999 spring meeting will be held from 8 to 10 april at manchester university . the local organiser is philippa cook ( mfux9phc @ fs1 . art . man . ac . uk ) . manchester is england 's third ( or possibly second ) biggest city and as such has facilities for any kind of music , dance , theatre , restaurants and cafes . apart from a vibrant city centre , the city also benefits from the closeness to beautiful country side ; the lake district , the peak district and the mountains of north wales are all within easy reach for day trips . manchester can be easily accessed by road or by rail and just south of the city is a major intrnational airport with good rail connections with the city centre . the university of manchester , including the hall of residence where the conference will be held , is situated just south of the city centre and there are busses in both directions every few minutes . accommodation : accommodation as well as all talks , book displays etc . will be in hulme hall , a hall of residence , less than ten minutes walk from the main university campus . all bedrooms are single , and there is a choice between rooms with en suite facilities and rooms with shared bathrooms / showers . travel : the university of manchester is about five minutes drive from junction 9 of the ring road m60 which is accessible from the m6 ( north or south ) and the m62 ( north east ) . there are frequent ( and often direct ) trains to manchester piccadilly ( or manchester victoria ) from most big cities in britain . the train journey from london takes about two and a half hour . the airport is less than half an hours drive from the hall of residence and it also has excellent train connections with the city centre . events : the linguistics association 1999 lecture on thursday evening will be delivered by professor john mccarthy of the university of massachusetts , amherst . professor mccarthy will also be participating in a workshop on ' applications of optimality theory to problems in prosody and morphology ' on thursday afternoon . the workshop is organised by wiebke brockhaus ( university of manchester ) ; other contributors are caroline fery ( eberhard - karls - universitaet ) , ren kager ( universiteit utrecht ) and nicholas sherrard ( university of essex ) . there will be a language tutorial on turkish , given by jaklin kornfilt ( university of syracuse ) . there will be a wine party on the tuesday evening , sponsored by the department of linguistics . enquiries about the lagb meeting should be sent to the meetings secretary ( address below ) . full details of the programme and a booking form will be included in the second circular , to be sent out in january . call for papers the lagb warmly welcomes submissions on any topic within the field of linguistics - theoretical , descriptive or historical - regardless of theoretical framework . abstracts must arrive by 6 january 1999 and should be sent in the format outlined below to the following address : professor r . hudson , department of phonetics and linguistics , university college london , gower street , london , wc1e 6bt . papers for the programme are selected anonymously - only the president knows the name of the authors . abstracts must be presented as follows : submit seven anonymous copies of the abstract , plus one with name and affiliation , i . e . camera-ready . the complete abstract containing your title and your name must be no longer than one a4 page ( 21cm x 29 . 5cm / 8 . 27 """""""" x 11 . 69 """""""" ) with margins of at least 2 . 5cm ( 1 """""""" ) on all sides . you may use single spacing and type must be no smaller than 12 point . type uniformly in black and make any additions in black . use the best quality printer you can , since if the paper is accepted the abstract will be photocopied and inserted directly into the collection of abstracts sent out to participants . write your name and address for correspondence on the back of the abstract which has your name on . the following layout should be considered as standard : ( title ) optimality and the klingon vowel shift ( speaker ) clark kent ( institution ) department of astrology , eastern mars university the following guidelines may be useful : 1 . briefly state the topic of your paper . 2 . if your paper is to involve an analysis of linguistic material , give critical examples , along with a brief indication of their critical nature . 3 . state the relevance of your ideas to past work or to the future development of the field . if you are taking a stand on a controversial issue , summarise the arguments which lead you to take up this position . the normal length for papers delivered at lagb meetings is 25 minutes ( plus 15 minutes discussion ) . offers of squibs ( 10 minutes ) or longer papers ( 40 minutes ) will also be considered : please explain why your paper requires less or more time than usual . n . b . abstracts submission dates : these are always announced in the first circular for the meeting in question . any member who fears that they may receive the first circular too late to be able to submit an abstract before the deadline specified can be assured that an abstract received by the president by january 1 or june 1 will always be considered for the next meeting . conference bursaries : there will be a maximum of 10 bursaries available to unsalaried members of the association ( e . g . phd students ) with preference given to those who are presenting a paper . applications should be sent to the president , and must be received by 6 january 1999 . please state on your application : ( a ) date of joining the lagb ; ( b ) whether or not you are an undergraduate or postgraduate student ; ( c ) if a student , whether you receive a normal grant ; ( d ) if not a student , your employment situation . students who are submitting an abstract and wish to apply for funding should include all the above details with their abstract . committee members : president professor richard hudson , department of phonetics and linguistics , university college london , gower street , london , wc1e 6bt . e - mail : dick @ ling . ucl . ac . uk honorary secretary professor anna siewierska , department of linguistics , university of lancaster , bailrigg , lancaster la1 4yw , e - mail : a . siewierska @ lancaster . ac . uk membership secretary dr . kersti brjars , department of linguistics , university of manchester , manchester m13 9pl . e - mail : k . e . borjars @ manchester . ac . uk meetings secretary dr . marjolein groefsema , dept . of linguistics , university of hertfordshire , watford campus , aldenham , herts . wd2 8at . e - mail : m . groefsema @ herts . ac . uk treasurer dr . paul rowlett , dept . of modern languages , university of salford , salford m5 4wt . e - mail : p . a . rowlett @ mod-lang . salford . ac . uk assistant secretary dr . april mcmahon , dept . of linguistics , university of cambridge , sidgwick avenue , cambridge cb3 9dq . e - mail : amm11 @ hermes . cam . ac . uk internet home page : the lagb internet home page is now active at the following address : http : / / clwww . essex . ac . uk / lagb . electronic network : please join the lagb electronic network which is used for disseminating lagb information and for consulting members quickly . it can be subscribed to by sending the message """""""" add lagb """""""" to : listserv @ postman . essex . ac . uk . future meetings : autumn 1999 university of york . spring 2000 university college london . autumn 2000 university of durham spring 2001 university of leeds autumn 2001 university of reading
  """",0
  2209,""""Subject: computational linguistics
   
   acl ' 99 student session call for papers 37th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics 20 - - 26 june , 1999 university of maryland [ you may find it easier to read this information on the web at http : / / www . cs . utoronto . ca / ~ melanie / acl99 / ] 1 . purpose the goal of the student sessions is to provide a forum for student members to present _ work in progress _ and receive feedback from other members of the computational linguistics community . the session will consist of paper presentations by student authors . the number of papers accepted is contingent on the quality of the submissions and the availability of presentation time during the conference , but the student session will be at least half a day . the accepted papers will be published in a special section of the conference proceedings . note that the student session and the main conference session are independent ; students are free to submit to either session , and each submission will be evaluated independently and with respect to the criteria set out by the respective organizing committees . 2 . requirements papers should describe original , unpublished work that is in progress and demonstrates insight , creativity , and promise . topics of interest are the same as for the main conference or the thematic sessions . 2 . 1 submission restrictions due to differences in format requirements , papers submitted to the main conference _ cannot _ be considered for the student sessions . students may , of course , submit different papers to the main conference and the student session , or papers on different aspects of a particular problem or project . note that for papers presenting joint work , _ all _ co-authors must be students . papers may be submitted to other conferences , but this must be clearly indicated on the cover page . the official language of the conference is english , and hence student papers should be written in english . 2 . 2 length the maximum allowable length is 3 pages ( about 1800 words ) , including references . 2 . 3 format of submission submissions packages should consist of a title page , followed by the paper . the title page should contain : o the paper 's title ; o the name and affiliations of the author ( s ) ; o a complete address for each author ; o an abstract ; o a designation of the topic area ( s ) ( one or two ) ; o a statement about submission to other conferences ( e . g . , ' none ' or a list ) ; and o the paper id code ( see below ) . we recommend that if the student authors plan to apply for travel grants , that they include the application form ( please see """""""" travel grants """""""" ) with their paper submission . 2 . 4 electronic submission code to identify each paper , an id code _ must _ be acquired by filing an electronic paper registration form ( http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 / register . html ) ; upon successful completion of this form , an id code will be sent to the designated author by e-mail . if you cannot access the electronic paper registration form , send email to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au with subject idform for an automatic reply . 2 . 5 medium of submission authors must submit their papers electronically . only in unusual cases will hard copy submissions be allowed . electronic submissions should be either self-contained latex source , postscript , or pdf ( we encourage latex submissions ) . postscript submissions must use a standard font . latex submissions should not refer to any other external files or styles except for the standard styles for tex 3 . 14 and latex 2 . 09 . the bibliography for a latex submission cannot be submitted as separate . bib file ; the actual bibliography entries must be inserted in the submitted latex source file . we strongly recommend the use of acl - standard latex or word style files for the preparation of submissions ( please note that while we do not accept word - format files for electronic submission , postscript files produced from them are acceptable ) . these styles include a place for the required information such as id code and word count , and allow for a graceful transition to the style required for publication . these files are available from the main conference web site at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 . if you cannot use the acl - standard styles directly , a description of the required format is at http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / acl99 / style / substyle . html . if you cannot access this web page , send email to acl99 @ mri . mq . edu . au with subject substyle for an automatic reply . 2 . 6 blind reviewing since reviewing will be ` blind ' , the heading of the paper should omit author names and addresses ( this information will be inlcuded in the title page ) . self - references that reveal the authors ' identity ( e . g . , """""""" we previously showed ( smith , 1991 ) . . . """""""" ) should be avoided . instead , use references in a neutral form ( e . g . , """""""" smith previously showed ( 1991 ) . . . """""""" ) . furthermore , avoid obvious giveaways in the bibliography such as listings for unpublished in-house technical reports . 2 . 7 caveat papers outside the specified length and / or without an id code are liable to rejection without review . 2 . 8 questions ? enquiries to the co-chairs of the student session should be sent to acl99 - student @ cs . utoronto . ca . 3 . travel grants please see the student session web page for information about available travel grants ( http : / / cs . utoronto . cs / ~ melanie / acl / ) . 4 . schedule submissions must be received by 8 february 1999 . late submissions ( those arriving on or after 9 february 1999 ) will not be considered . acknowledgments will be emailed soon after receipt . notification of acceptance will be sent to authors ( by email ) by 29 march 1999 . camera - ready copies of final papers must be received by 3 may 1999 , along with a signed copyright release statement . detailed formatting guidelines will be provided to authors with their acceptance notice . the student paper sessions will take place during the main conference on june 23 - - 26 , 1999 .
  """",0
  2210,""""Subject: university of north carolina , spring colloquium
   
   1st call for papers 1999 spring linguistics colloquium the university of north carolina at chapel hill saturday , march 27 , 1999 guest speaker : alice c . harris , vanderbilt university papers on any aspect of the study of language will be considered . please submit an abstract of your paper and include any other relevant information , such as a need for audio-visual equipment or special scheduling considerations . presentations will be limited to 30 minutes including discussion . deadline for submission of abstracts is friday , february 12 , 1999 . please submit abstracts to : 1999 spring linguistics colloquium 318 dey hall , cb # 3155 the university of north carolina at chapel hill chapel hill , nc 27599 email inquiries : hans boas < hcb @ email . unc . edu >
  """",0
  2211,""""Subject: book on labelled deduction
   
   second call for papers labelled deduction ( an edited volume intended for the applied logic series of kluwer academic publishers ) http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - background in september 1998 , the university of freiburg ( germany ) hosted ld ' 98 the first international workshop on labelled deduction . the participants of ld ' 98 reported on research , related to or based on labelled deduction , in many areas of computer science , artificial intelligence , mathematical logic , cognitive science , philosophy , and computational linguistics . more information on ld ' 98 is available at the url of the workshop http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 / ws / motivated by the success of the workshop , the members of the program committee of ld ' 98 will edit a volume collecting original papers on this topic and titled labelled deduction ( an edited volume intended for the applied logic series of kluwer academic publishers ) topics of interest the title reflects the planned contents of this book : we welcome original contributions on all theoretical and practical aspects of labelled deduction , including but not limited to : * logical modeling based on labelled deduction * formal metatheory for , or based on , labelled deduction * hybrid reasoners and combinations of logics based on labelling * automated reasoning , implementation , and system support * annotated logic programming * applications submissions * authors are invited to submit full papers of at most 18 pages ( formatted as described below ) to be received by january 31st , 1999 . notification of acceptance or rejection of the papers will be sent by april 30th , 1999 , and final versions of accepted papers will be due by june 15th , 1999 . * submitted papers must be original and not submitted for publication elsewhere . * the primary means of submission is electronic , in postscript format . papers should be e-mailed to ld98 @ informatik . uni-freiburg . de . if electronic submission is not possible , then 5 hard copies should be sent to the postal address given below . regardless of the submission method , a letter or e-mail message accompanying the paper must contain the title , authors , and contact information ( e-mail and postal addresses ) . * authors are strongly encouraged to use latex2e and the article document class with a4paper and 11pt as options . ( basic dimensions for a4paper - 11pt format are approximately : text height 300mm , text width 210mm , 11pt text with a 13 . 5pt leading ( baseline skip ) . ) * submitted papers must be written in english . reception of submissions will be confirmed by e-mail after we have succeeded in printing the paper . important dates submission deadline : january 31st , 1999 notification of acceptance : april 30th , 1999 deadline for final papers : june 15th , 1999 program committee david basin , institut fr informatik , albert - ludwigs - universitt freiburg , germany marcello d ' agostino , universit di ferrara , italy dov gabbay , king 's college , london , uk sen matthews , max - planck - institut fr informatik , saarbrcken , germany luca vigan , institut fr informatik , albert - ludwigs - universitt freiburg , germany addresses * the labelled deduction ( ld ' 98 ) home page ( http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 / ) * email : ld98 @ informatik . uni-freiburg . de * by post : labelled deduction c / o luca vigan institut fr informatik albert - ludwigs - universitt freiburg universittsgelnde flugplatz d-79110 freiburg germany phone : + 49 ( 761 ) 203-8243 fax : + 49 ( 761 ) 203-8242
  """",0
  2212,""""Subject: book review ( cheng ) : on the typology of wh - questions
   
   cheng , lisa lai - shen . ( 1997 ) . on the typology of wh - questions . outstanding dissertations in linguistics series . garland publishing , new york & london . 210 pages . reviewed by kerstin hoge , university of oxford introduction this book ( originally written as the author 's 1991 ph . d . dissertation ) attempts to account for the full range of cross-linguistic variation found with single and multiple wh-questions . to this aim , cheng proposes the clausal typing hypothesis which postulates a parameter that identification ( or ' typing ' ) of a sentence as a wh-question is achieved either by a question particle or by overt wh-movement . the first part of the book ( chapters 2 and 3 ) discusses the clausal typing hypothesis and its predictions and implications for the analysis of wh-in - situ languages , single movement languages , optional movement languages and multiple fronting languages . data from multiple fronting languages lead cheng to an investigation of the interpretation and inherent properties of wh-words in a number of languages . this marks the transition to the second part of the book ( chapters 4 and 5 ) which shifts the focus to wh-words and quantificational phenomena in mandarin chinese . cheng 's book provides an extensive overview of the differences exhibited across languages with respect to wh-question formation and presents an interesting attempt to unify two previously separate approaches to wh-movement in arguing that both properties of c and of the wh-words themselves are responsible for the observed typological distinctions . synopsis chapter 1 presents the general aims and outline of the book and briefly introduces the phrase structure of mandarin chinese , which features prominently in the book as an example of a wh-in - situ language . chapter 2 introduces the clausal typing hypothesis . cheng observes that languages which allow for wh-in - situ in single questions invariably use overt markings ( such as particles ) in matrix yes-no questions . if a language has an overt yes-no question particle , it will also have a wh-question particle , which may but need not be overt . question particles and overt wh-movement , both of which identify a clause as an interrogative , are thus mutually exclusive . to account for this generalisation , cheng proposes that clauses are typed at s - structure either by a wh-particle or by overt wh-movement but crucially not by both in one language , cf . ( 1 ) . ( 1 ) clausal typing hypothesis every clause needs to be typed . in the case of typing a wh-question , either a wh-particle in c is used or else fronting of a wh-word to the spec of c is used , thereby typing a clause through c by spec - head agreement . ( = cheng 1997 : 22 , ( 9 ) ) the two available strategies are illustrated by mandarin chinese and english , respectively . mandarin chinese satisfies clausal typing by base-generating a wh-particle in c . consequently , all wh-phrases will stay in-situ . overt wh-movement is ruled out by the principle of economy of derivation ( chomsky 1989 ) , according to which movement is more costly than merge , a ' last resort ' operation and applicable only when clausal typing could not be achieved otherwise . at lf , wh-phrases move to speccp for scope , selection and absorption purposes . english uses overt wh-movement to satisfy clausal typing , i . e . c acquires the [ + wh ] - feature of the xp in its specifier . the clausal typing hypothesis further requires cheng to make the following assumptions with respect to english : ( i ) subject wh-phrases must undergo overt movement ( contra the vacuous movement hypothesis ) , ( ii ) no q - morpheme or [ + wh ] - feature is base-generated in c , and ( iii ) ' whether ' and ' if ' are not question particles . chapter 3 discusses optional and multiple wh-fronting languages which present a challenge to the clausal typing hypothesis . optional fronting languages appear to use both modes of clausal typing , i . e . they allow for wh-fronting although they have a wh-particle ( given the possibility of wh-in - situ ) . using egyptian arabic , bahasa indonesia and palauan as languages of investigation , cheng argues that questions with fronted wh-phrases in optional fronting languages do not instantiate overt wh-movement but display clear similarities to cleft and topicalisation structures . thus , a ' fronted ' wh-argument is base-generated as the subject of a reduced cleft construction , while a fronted wh-adjunct has undergone topicalisation . optional fronting languages are then straightforward in-situ languages which satisfy clausal typing by base-generating a wh-particle in ( matrix ) c . multiple fronting languages appear to violate the principle of economy of derivation in that all wh-phrases must move at s - structure although clausal typing is satisfied by single wh-movement . extending nishigauchi 's ( 1990 ) analysis of japanese wh-words , cheng suggests that bare wh-words in multiple fronting languages are similar to indefinites , i . e . they lack inherent quantificational force and simply introduce variables into the semantic representation which must be bound by other elements in the sentence . it is thus not surprising that the interpretation of a wh-word in a multiple fronting language can vary with its context . for example , polish wh-words are interpreted as interrogatives when fronted , receive a d ( iscourse ) - linked reading when in-situ , are used as polarity items in yes-no questions and conditional sentences , and form the morphological base of indefinites , filling out the whole paradigms of person , place and time . cheng now argues that the four different readings arise because there are four different binders which determine the quantificational force of the bare wh-word ( wh ) in these contexts , as schematised in ( 2 ) . ( 2 ) binders ( and readings ) of polish wh - words : a . wh is bound by an overt d ( eterminer ) ( existential reading ) b . wh is bound by a null d with interrogative force ( interrogative reading ) c . wh is bound by existential closure ( polarity reading ) d . wh is bound by a [ + wh ] c ( d - linked reading ) null determiners which contribute interrogative quantificational force need to be licensed and identified by feature matching with a [ + wh ] c at s - structure . it is thus to satisfy the licensing requirement of the null determiner that all wh-phrases in multiple fronting languages move to a position governed by c . the chapter also contains a discussion of rudin 's ( 1988 ) proposal to distinguish between multiple fronting languages which allow for multiply filled speccp ( e . g . bulgarian , romanian ) and those where speccp can host only one wh-phrase and all other wh-phrases are ip - adjoined ( e . g . polish , czech ) . here , cheng proposes to replace rudin 's ecp - style account of superiority effects with an analysis that derives them from the 's hortest movement ' condition , so as to account for the observed [ subject + adjunct ] and [ object + adjunct ] orderings of wh-phrases in the bulgarian - type languages . moreover , she suggests analysing ip - adjunction as q ( uantifier ) r ( aising ) and thus as clausebound , thereby ruling out multiple wh-extraction from embedded clauses in polish - type languages . in chapter 4 cheng examines wh-words in mandarin chinese and analyses them as polarity items which require both a trigger and a binder for interpretation , cf . ( 3 ) . ( 3 ) wh - words in mandarin chinese reading trigger binder - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - interrogative wh-particle wh-particle ( unselective binder ) polarity yes-no particle / existential closure negation ( unselective binder ) universal dou ' all ' dou ' all ' ( selective binder ) thus , when a wh-word is interpreted as an interrogative , it is licensed by a wh-particle which will also bind it and contribute interrogative force to it . the polarity reading is triggered by a yes-no particle or negation , and the binder of the wh-word is introduced by existential closure which will apply to the elements inside vp . it follows that wh-words in affective contexts cannot occur in subject position ( specaspp ) as this position is external to vp and therefore not in the scope of existential closure . cheng further argues that all indefinites in mandarin chinese lack inherent quantificational force and must be bound by existential closure . this has the consequence that indefinites cannot occur in subject position unless the aspp is the complement of a modal ( you ' have ' ) which can act as a binder for the indefinite subject . the second half of chapter 4 is taken up with a discussion of the universal quantifier dou ' all ' , which cheng analyses as a quantificational adverb which is base-generated as an asp ' - or v ' - adjunct . at lf , the distributor dou adjoins to its associate . this movement is clause-bound and leaves a trace which must be antecedent-governed . dou is a selective binder and can only license one np at a time , moving to the closest element which can use a trigger . chapter 5 deals with multiple quantification and interactions between wh - and quantifier phrases in mandarin chinese and english . in mandarin chinese scope relations between quantified phrases always reflect their surface order . cheng explains this lack of scope ambiguities as resulting from the fact that neither indefinites nor universally quantified phrases undergo qr . the interpretation of questions which contain universally quantified phrases ( mei - nps ) appears to be sensitive to the presence of the quantificational adverb dou ' all ' . whereas questions which contain a mei - np without dou only have an individual reading , questions with a mei - np which is licensed by dou allow for both an individual and a pair-list reading , cf . ( 4 ) . ( 4 ) mei-ge - ren dou mai-le shenme every - cl - person all buy-asp what ' what did everyone buy ? ' a . what is the thing such that everyone bought ? b . for every x , what is the thing that x bought ? ( = cheng 1997 : 161 , ( 31 ) ) the ambiguity does , however , not result from different scope relations . rather , cheng argues , the pair-list reading is due to a distributive reading of mei - np which is created by its association with the distributor dou . scope reconstruction ( frampton 1990 ) of the wh-phrase to the site of its intermediate ( vp - adjoined ) trace ( which cheng adopts in her analysis of english wh-quantifier interactions ) is not possible in ( 4 ) because dou creates a barrier and the intermediate trace therefore deletes at lf . cheng 's analysis of wh-quantifier interactions in mandarin chinese rests on the assumption that wh-phrases move at lf . she discusses both arguments in favour of lf - movement and aoun and li 's ( 1993 ) claim that in-situ wh-phrases do not move at lf since they can be modified by ' only ' which needs to be associated with an overt element in its c-command domain . cheng argues that wh-phrases which are modified by ' only ' must have a d - linked interpretation and do therefore not constitute evidence against lf - movement . she further notes reinhart 's ( 1990 ) observation that d - linked wh-phrases have to move to be properly interpreted and suggests that such movement takes place at a post - lf level . the chapter concludes with a discussion of the landing site of lf - movement which cheng identifies as speccp ( contra mahajan 1990 ) . comments cheng 's book occupies a place which marks the onset of the minimalist approach to syntactic theory . while she assumes the barriers framework of chomsky ( 1986 ) and uses a disjunctive ecp to derive locality conditions on dou and the lack of scope reconstruction in wh-quantifier interactions , the principle of economy of derivation is central to her argumentation . not only does it prohibit a language from using both strategies for clausal typing , it also accounts for superiority effects in bulgarian ( by forcing movement of the closest wh-phrase to occur first ) , and precludes lf - lowering of indefinite subjects in mandarin chinese ( since there is an alternative derivation which generates a structure with a modal binder ) . moreover , it rules out multiple wh-movement for clausal typing and thus requires cheng to account for multiple fronting languages as resulting from a licensing requirement of the wh-words . as seen earlier , multiple fronting is shown to correlate with the ability of the wh-words to form the morphological base of indefinite nps . however , it appears that not all languages that have indefinites which are derived from wh-words display multiple fronting . german prefixes a wh-word with irgend - 's ome ' to form an indefinite , filling out the whole paradigms of person , place and time , as seen in ( 5 ) . ( 5 ) german wer ' who ' irgendwer 's omeone ' wo ' where ' irgendwo 's omewhere ' wann ' when ' irgendwann 's ometime ' was ' what ' irgendwas 's omething ' moreover , a bare wh-expression can be used as a polarity item in yes-no questions and conditionals , e . g . ( 6 ) - ( 7 ) . ( 6 ) hast du wen angerufen ? have you whom called ' did you call anybody ? ' ( 7 ) wenn du wen anrufen willst , musst du mir bescheid sagen . if you whom call want , must you me let-know ' if you want to call anybody , you must let me know . ' the morphological forms and possible readings of german wh-words thus mirror the situation found with polish wh-words , as described by cheng . german and polish also have in common that neither language has a question particle ( under cheng 's analysis ) and that they must therefore use overt wh-movement for clausal typing . however , whereas polish fulfils cheng 's prediction and fronts all wh-phrases in multiple questions , german can only move one wh-word to clause-initial position , cf ( 8 ) . ( 8 ) a . wer hat wen angerufen ? who has whom called ' who called whom ? ' b . * wer wen hat angerufen ? who whom has called yiddish presents the reverse problem in that it allows for multiple wh-movement but does not derive its indefinites from the wh-words in a morphologically transparent way , cf . ( 9 ) . ( 9 ) ver ' who ' emetser 's omeone ' vu ' where ' ergets ( vu ) 's omewhere ' ven ' when ' a mol 's ometime ' vos ' what ' epes 's omething ' to make things worse , multiple fronting is optional in yiddish . wh - phrases can stay in-situ without necessarily having a d - linked reading , cf . ( 10 ) . ( 10 ) a . ver vemen hot ongeklungen ? who whom has called ' who called whom ? ' b . ver hot ongeklungen vemen ? who has called whom ' who called whom ? ' german and yiddish thus appear to be direct counterexamples to cheng 's analysis of multiple fronting languages . note also in this context that french , often cited as an example of an optional movement language , falls outside cheng 's analysis . as acknowledged in the book ( 1997 : 39 , fn 4 ) , french does not have a question particle and is therefore not an in-situ language . nevertheless it allows for wh-words to remain in-situ in single matrix questions . it might be possible to account for optional wh-movement in french by postulating that french possesses both a non-overt yes-no particle and a non-overt wh-particle . french would then satisfy clausal typing by base-generating a wh-particle in c and all wh-phrases could stay in-situ . movement of a wh-phrase to clause-initial position could be due to another attractor , such as focus , which is not obligatorily present . whatever appeal such an analysis might hold , it points to the problem of allowing for non-overt question particles . while we do not expect to find overt wh-particles in languages without yes-no particles , what will stop us from assuming that a language which allows a wh-word to stay in-situ has a question particle even when there is no ( phonologically ) overt evidence for such a claim ? cheng 's proposal to relate wh-in - situ to the availability of non-overt wh-particles may thus ultimately turn out to be too permissive a theory . another problem arises with cheng 's approach to superiority effects in bulgarian - type languages . as noted , cheng explains superiority effects as violations of the principle of economy of derivation . given that """""""" adverbs are in the most embedded positions """""""" ( 1997 : 81 ) , [ adjunct + argument ] orderings are ruled out because movement of the argument is a shorter movement and must therefore take place before the adjunct moves to speccp . however , as observed by boskovic ( 1997 ) , bulgarian questions containing more than two fronted wh-phrases display superiority effects only with respect to the topmost wh-phrase , the others are freely ordered , contrary to the prediction made by cheng 's approach . these comments aside , cheng 's book is to be commended . it is an extremely well written and clearly presented work which should be fully comprehensible even to readers who are not familiar with the literature on mandarin chinese syntax or heim 's ( 1982 ) theory of indefinites . the book is ambitious in its scope , discussing a wide range of languages , and has undoubtedly made an important contribution to the study of wh-movement . references aoun , j . and a . li . ( 1993 ) . wh - elements in situ : syntax of lf ? linguistic inquiry 24 . 199-238 . boskovic , z . ( 1997 ) . on certain violations of the superiority condition , agro , and economy of derivation . journal of linguistics 33 . 227-254 . chomsky , n . ( 1986 ) . barriers . cambridge , mass . : mit press . chomsky , n . ( 1989 ) . some notes on economy of derivation and representation . in mitwpl 10 : functional heads and clause structure ( reprinted in principles and parameters in comparative grammar , ed . by r . freidin , 417-454 . cambridge , mass . : mit press ) . frampton , j . ( 1990 ) . the fine structure of wh-movement and the proper formulation of the ecp . ms . , northeastern university . heim , i . ( 1982 ) . the semantics of definite and indefinite noun phrases . ph . d . dissertation , university of massachusetts , amherst . mahajan , a . ( 1990 ) . the a / a - bar distinction and movement theory . ph . d . dissertation , mit . nishigauchi , t . ( 1990 ) . quantification in the theory of grammar . dordrecht : kluwer . reinhart , t . ( 1990 ) . interpreting wh-in - situ . ms . rudin , c . ( 1988 ) . on multiple questions and multiple wh fronting . natural language and linguistic theory 6 . 445-502 . kerstin hoge is a d . phil . student in linguistics at the university of oxford . her research interests include syntactic theory and yiddish .
  """",0
  2213,""""Subject: yuen ren society conference
   
   annual conference , yuen ren society for the promotion of chinese dialect fieldwork 7 february , 1998 317 thomson hall , university of washington , seattle admission is free and open to the public . * * * * * * * * * * * * program * * * * * * * * * * * * panel i 9 : 00-10 : 30 chair : david prager branner 9 : 00 the jintarn and danyang dialects richard vanness simmons , rutgers university 9 : 30 literary vs . vernacular pronunciation of characters ( wenbaiyidu ) in shanghai sheng - tai chang , [ no affiliation ] 10 : 00the evolution of the jiang1 - yan2 dialect jiangmin zhang and lina lu , pacific university * * * * * * * * * * * * 10 : 30 break * * * * * * * * * * * * panel ii 11 : 00-12 : 00 chair : south coblin 11 : 00 ngai hua of luo2 - cheng2 county , guang3 - xi1 province jerold a . edmondson , university of texas at arlington gui minchao , university of oklahoma 11 : 30 hakka revisited jerry norman , university of washington * * * * * * * * * * * * 12 : 00 lunch break * * * * * * * * * * * * panel iii 2 : 00 - 3 : 30 chair : jerry norman 2 : 00 common features of the shan1 - xi1 and the southern dialects anne yue - hashimoto , university of washington 2 : 30 a brief history of mandarin w . south coblin , university of iowa 3 : 00 ji3 - nan2 , an endangered dialect hua lin , university of victoria , canada cao zhiyun , beijing language and culture university , china * * * * * * * * * * * * 3 : 30 break * * * * * * * * * * * * panel iv 4 : 00 - 5 : 30 chair : richard vanness simmons 4 : 00 a glossary of the nantong dialect benjamin ao , [ no affiliation ] 4 : 30 taiwanese southern min """""""" thumb """""""" warren brewer , tamkang university , taiwan 5 : 00 on some numeral codes david prager branner , university of minnesota
  """",0
  2214,""""Subject: available for review : kpelle dictionary , phonology
   
   the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , ph . d . , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not include an electronic cv or a url linking to a personal homepage . these will be ignored . please also send a surface mail address for us to send the book to . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * kpelle dictionary kpelle - english dictionary with english - kpelle glossary elizabeth grace winkler ( indiana university - bloomington ) iulc publications . 1997 this dictionary of kpelle as spoken in bong county , liberia was prepared with the assistance of clara jimmy - samba , a native speaker of the language . kpelle is part of the mande branch of the western sudanic subgroup of the niger congo family and is representative of mande languages in many ways , including the absence of noun class markers and the presence of five tonal melodies . as kplelle is not a written language , dictionary entries ( over 1 , 100 ) are given in phonetic transcription . also included are comments on the sound system and grammar of kpelle . phonology ncholas j . kibre ( 1997 ) a model of mutation in welsh . iulc publications . bloomington . in light of recent advances in several areas of linguistics , kibre examines the phenomenon o finitial consonant mutation in welsh , arguing that mutation should be considered part of the phonological representation of morphemes . several sets of mixed mutation types are accounted for within the framework of lexical phonology , particularly through an appeal to the elsewhere condition . several """""""" structural """""""" mutations are accounted for in terms of mutation-triggering but segmentally empty particles . the analysis concludes with an outline of a mixed model incorporating rules into an ot framework which offers advantages over the traditional generative approach .
  """",0
  2215,""""Subject: available for review : semantics
   
   the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , ph . d . , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not include an electronic cv or a url linking to a personal homepage . these will be ignored . please also send a surface mail address for us to send the book to . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * semantics : ishikawa , kiyoshi ( 1998 ) a network thoery of reference . iulc publications . bloomington . noting specific inadequacies with truth-conditional approaches , ishikawa develops a dynamic theory of reference incorporating features of discourse representation theory , file change semantics and situation semantics , and also deals with non-monotonic belief revision . he argues that the task of natural language semantics is to describe meaning in terms of the psychological relation of language to our cognition of external reality . in his approach , a linguistic expression 's meaning is its potential to change the information state of a cognitive agent . reference is not understood as a link to a real individual external to an agent , but as the agent 's act to link a character in a linguistic frame of individuation to characters in other ( linguistic or nonlinguistic ) frames . as the target of inquiry , the distinction between referential and attributive uses of definite descriptions is analyzed through the construction of conversation scenarios . in addition , ishikawa extends his theory to an analysis of belief and attitude reports . application of the theory to cleft and pseudocleft constructions is also outlined . semantics klein , henny ( 1997 ) adverbs of degree in dutch and related languages . john benjamins
  """",0
  2216,""""Subject: available for review : syntax , pragmatics , disorders
   
   the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , ph . d . , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . do not include an electronic cv or a url linking to a personal homepage . these will be ignored . please also send a surface mail address for us to send the book to . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * pragmatic disorders paradis , michel ( 1998 ) pragmatics in neurogenic communication disorders . pergamon press ( elsevier science ) . pragmatics : habermas , jurgen ( 1998 ) ( edited by maeve cooke ) on the pragmatics of communication . mit press , cambridge syntax : bennis et al ( 1998 ) atomism and binding . foris dordrecht ( h . a . g ) . syntax : uriagereka , juan ( 1998 ) rhyme and reason : an introduction to minimalist syntax . mit press , cambridge .
  """",0
  2217,""""Subject: semcom metaphor symposium
   
   symposium on metaphor , ai and cognition = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = at the aisb ' 99 convention , 6th - 9th april 1999 edinburgh college of art & division of informatics , university of edinburgh u . k . convention url : http : / / www . dai . ed . ac . uk / daidb / people / homes / geraint / aisb99 / cfp url for this symposium : . . . same as above . . . / 08 - metaphor call for papers the convention - - - - - - - - - - - - - the aisb ' 99 convention will be held in edinburgh in april 1999 . it will consist of 13 workshops and symposia on a wide range of themes in artificial intelligence and cognitive science . an underlying theme of the convention this year is the study of creativity , though not all of the events include a creative element . further details of aisb ' 99 will be found at the conference web site , listed above . the metaphor symposium - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - paper submissions are invited for the symposium on metaphor , ai and cognition . metaphor has been shown to arise frequently and systematically in everyday text and speech , and in specific types of discourse such as educational interchange . it is also of great practical importance in various other areas of life , including graphical representation , music , visual art and computer interface usage . it is therefore an important concern for ai ( and cognitive science generally ) . with the increasing use of computers in society , and the increasing relevance of ai to the development of people-friendly systems , the topic of metaphor must be given much more computational attention than it has been if such systems are truly to succeed . the symposium welcomes contributions on metaphor that seek to illuminate how people or ai systems do or could process metaphor , in whatever medium or form of life it appears . field studies , corpus-based studies and linguistic or philosophical analyses are also welcome , especially if they illuminate difficult processing problems that must be faced . the more computationally , processually , representationally or mathematically specific a contribution to the workshop is , the better ; but contributions that are not specific in these regards will be considered . the areas of interest of the symposium on metaphor , ai and cognition will include , but are not limited to , the following : o handling familiar ( conventional ) metaphor o handling novel metaphor o detecting metaphor in utterances , pictures , diagrams , etc . o extracting metaphorical meaning or connotations o metaphor-based reasoning o generating metaphorical utterances , diagrams , etc . o translation of metaphorical utterances o relationship of metaphor to analogy o relationship of metaphor to literal meaning o frequency of metaphor in discourse o relationship of metaphor to lexicons o effect of metaphor on comprehension , learning , etc . o effect of metaphorical views of computation , intelligence , etc . on the conduct of ai and cognitive science o relationship of metaphor to other non-literal forms of expression or cognition . papers will be selected by anonymous peer review of extended abstracts of not more than 4 a4 pages . a cover page should be supplied listing the title , and the author 's name and affiliation , but the extended abstract itself should not identify the author . deadlines are listed in the timetable , below . programme chair : john barnden school of computer science university of birmingham u . k . j . a . barnden @ cs . bham . ac . uk http : / / www . cs . bham . ac . uk / ~ jab ( + 44 ) ( 0 ) 121-414 - 3816 programme committee : richard coyne department of architecture university of edinburgh u . k . ann dowker department of experimental psychology university of oxford u . k . mark lee school of computer science university of birmingham u . k . tony veale school of computer applications dublin city university eire . yorick wilks department of computer science university of sheffield u . k . submissions should be sent to the programme chair at the following address : school of computer science the university of birmingham edgbaston birmingham b15 2tt u . k . or by email to j . a . barnden @ cs . bham . ac . uk . the following formats are acceptable : hardcopy : 4 copies by email : plain text or unix postscript * only * . timetable submission of extended abstracts : 21 december ' 98 notification of result : 20 january ' 99 submission of camera-ready copy : 12 march ' 99
  """",0
  2218,""""Subject: language policy at the millenium
   
   language policy at the millenium call for research reports , case studies , problem statements in language planning and policy the language policy research center in cooperation with the lechter institute and the lewis family fund for international conferences in the humanities are now planning the second international symposium on language policy , language policy at the millennium , to be held at bar - ilan university , ramat gan , israel , from november 23-25 , 1999 . our goal for the symposium is to provide an opportunity to reassess the current status of language policy studies at the end of the century and to clarify theory and methods of the field . we hope to identify questions and define guidelines for the next decade of research . six invited papers will serve as conceptual and theoretical jumping off points for the shorter research reports and case studies requested in this call . the focal papers will be given by joshua a . fishman , joseph lo bianco , lachman khubchandani , peter nelde , carol myers - scotton , and bernard spolsky . in order to offer data-based challenges to the discussion , we invite abstracts of research reports , case studies or statements of a problem in the field of language policy and planning , from which we will select a small number for presentation , each to be juxtaposed with one of the focal papers . in addition , there will be a poster session for presentation of individual research . please submit your abstract of a proposal for a short research report , case study , or statement of a problem in an area of language policy by march 1 , 1999 to joel walters at the address below . notification of acceptance will be sent by april 15 , 1999 . if you have questions , feel free to contact us . sincerely , organizing committee : muhammad amara , bar - ilan university ellen spolsky , bar - ilan university joel walters , bar - ilan university elana shohamy , tel - aviv university bernard spolsky , bar - ilan university language policy research center faculty of humanities bar - ilan university ramat gan , israel 52900 tel . 972 - 3-531 - 8125 fax 972 - 3-535 - 4062 email : waltej @ mail . biu . ac . il additional information will soon be available on the lprc website : http : / www . biu . il / hu / lprc
  """",0
  2219,""""Subject: poznan linguistic meeting 1999
   
   plm 1999 32nd poznan linguistic meeting recent developments in linguistic theory 30 april-2 may 1999 first circular and call for papers programme the 32nd poznan linguistic meeting , organized by the school of english , adam mickiewicz university , poznan , poland , will continue the theme of the previous meetings , recent developments in linguistic theory . the already known points on the programme of plm 1999 are : a session in honour of prof . jacek fisiak to celebrate the 40th anniversary of his academic career a teach-in on modern methods in experimental phonetics presented by prof . grzegorz dogil ( stuttgart ) a workshop on the syntax and semantics of slavic negation organized by dr . adam przepiorkowski ( tuebingen ) ( please find attached the organiser 's call for papers ) a workshop on constraints and / vs . preferences organized by prof . katarzyna dziubalska - kolaczyk ( poznan ) . prof . wolfgang u . dressler ( vienna ) and prof . rajendra singh ( montreal ) have already confirmed their participation . you are invited to contact the organizer about the details of the workshop : dkasia @ ifa . amu . edu . pl a session on issues in pragmatics organized by prof . barbara kryk - kastovsky ( poznan ) : dieter . kastovsky @ univie . ac . at papers proposals for papers ( as well as other sessions or workshops ) concerned in any way with recent developments in linguistic theory are invited . two - page abstracts ( including bibliography ) should be submitted to the plm 1999 address by 15 january 1999 - preferably by e-mail ( plm @ ifa . amu . edu . pl ) . abstracts will be reviewed by an international advisory board . notification of acceptance will be sent to the authors by the end of february 1999 . book exhibition and sale traditionally , a book exhibition and sale will be organized by the omnibus bookshop , offering very attractive prices on books by major linguistic publishers . venue the venue is different from that of last year . its address is centrum kongresowe instytutu ochrony roslin miczurina 20a 60-318 poznan tel . ( + 48 61 ) 864 92 01 fax ( + 48 61 ) 867 11 75 this is a congress centre of a high standard , including conference rooms and accommodation . approximate prices : single room : 131 pln one bed in a double room : 100 pln . some additional , cheaper accommodation will be available at hotel gromada babimojska 7 ( across the road from the congress centre ) 60-161 poznan fax ( + 48 61 ) 867 31 61 one bed in a double room : 55 pln . ( current pln exchange rate : 1 usd = 3 . 40 pln ) registration 100 usd payable on arrival the fee includes the cost of conference materials , banquet , tea / coffee during the meeting . reply forms for preliminary registration , please complete and return the enclosed form as soon as possible . address for inquiries , abstracts and reply forms plm 1999 school of english adam mickiewicz university collegium novum al . niepodleglosci 4 61-874 poznan poland tel : ( + 48 61 ) 852-88 - 20 fax : ( + 48 61 ) 852-31 - 03 e-mail : plm @ ifa . amu . edu . pl www : http : / / elex . amu . edu . pl / ifa / plm / plm organisers katarzyna dziubalska - kolaczyk jaroslaw weckwerth - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers workshop on the syntax and semantics of slavic negation may 1 - 2 , 1999 during 32nd poznan linguistic meeting ( plm ' 99 ) poznan , poland april 30 - may 2 , 1999 invited speakers ( to be confirmed ) : eva hajicova , charles university , prague maria luisa rivero , university of ottawa abstracts abstracts are invited for 30 - minute talks on all aspects of ( morpho ) syntax and semantics of negation in slavic languages ( also comparing slavic negation to that in other languages ) from any theoretical perspective . the official language of the workshop will be english . we have tentatively arranged with slavica publishers for publishing a volume of selected papers presented at the workshop . further details will be announced at the workshop . abstract requirements : abstracts should be no more than one standard size page in length with the option of including an additional page for data and references . abstracts should be in at least 10 - point type with 1 - inch margins , single-spaced . they should be anonymous . the preferred way of submitting an abstract is via email . abstracts should be sent to the following address : adamp @ sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de acceptable formats are : pure ascii , postscript , tex , latex , latex2e , rtf , also gzipped uuencoded versions thereof . please , send in a separate email the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , address for correspondence , and the title of the paper . alternatively , 3 copies of the abstract , accompanied by a separate card stating the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliation , address , and the title of the paper , should be sent to : adam przepiorkowski ipi pan ul . ordona 21 01-237 warszawa poland abstracts should be received not later than on february 12 , 1999 . important dates : submission deadline : 12th february 1999 acceptance notification : 14th march 1999 programme announcement : 1st april 1999 workshop : 1st - - 2nd may 1999 participation : anybody intending to participate ( including the speakers ) should register for the poznan linguistic meeting ( plm ' 99 ) . any inquiries should be sent to the address below . adam przepiorkowski universitaet tuebingen , gk ils seminar fuer sprachwissenschaft wilhelmstr . 113 d-72074 tuebingen germany office : ( + 49 7071 ) 2972741 home : ( + 49 7071 ) 62410 email : adamp @ sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de www : http : / / www . sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de / ~ adamp / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - plm ' 99 reply form - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - title - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - name - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - affiliation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - address - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if you would like to read a paper , specify the section - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - title of the paper - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i will probably arrive in poznan on - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - and leave on - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - special wishes - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  2220,""""Subject: constraints / preferences at plm 1999 : call for papers
   
   call for papers for a workshop on constraints and / vs . preferences 1 may 1999 during plm ' 99 32nd poznan linguistic meeting recent developments in linguistic theory 30 april - 2 may issues & special topics : * the nature of both constraints and preferences and their epistemological compatibility * scalar nature of preferences vs . absolute nature of constraints ( scalar constraints ? ) * hierarchy vs . rule order ( principles of ranking ) * constraints vs . rules / processes * predictive and explanatory power of constraints and preferences * constraints / preferences and online processing * learnability problem * pro / contra parallelisms between diachronic change and synchronic rules / processes * phonological and phonetic constraints * illustrations and empirical evidence for any claims concerning the above issues speakers who confirmed their participation so far : wolfgang u . dressler ( vienna ) rajendra singh ( montreal ) nikolaus ritt ( vienna ) martin prinzhorn ( vienna ) abstracts : please send one-page abstracts to dkasia @ ifa . amu . edu . pl by the end of february 1999 . registration : please register for the poznan linguistic meeting if you intend to participate ( as a speaker or otherwise ) in the workshop . you will find the reply form and address in the first circular of the plm ' 99 http : / / elex . amu . edu . pl / ifa / plm / index . html katarzyna dziubalska - kolaczyk dkasia @ ifa . amu . edu . pl
  """",0
  2221,""""Subject: paclic12 call for participation
   
   paclic ' 12 - - the 12th pacific asia conference on linguistics , information and computation national university of singapore february 18-20 , 1998 http : / / sunzi . iss . nus . sg : 1996 / paclic12 / paclic12 @ iss . nus . sg attached below are papers to be presented at the conference . for further information , please check the web page and / or email us . guo jin for paclic12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - opening ceremony ( 9 : 00 - - 9 : 30am , 18 feb 98 ) tea break ( 9 : 30 - - 10 : 00am , 18 feb 98 ) session i grammar ( 10 : 00am - - 12 : 30pm , 18 feb 98 ) 1 . daeho chung : ettehkey ' how ' as a small clause head . 2 . beom - mo kang : three kinds of korean reflexives : a corpus linguistic investigation on grammar and usage . 3 . york chung - ho yang & june - jei kuo : the chinese temporal coverbs , postpositions , coverb - postposition pairs , and their temporal logic . 4 . jie xu : grammatical devices in the processing of [ + wh ] and [ + focus ] 5 . lian - cheng chief : mandarin intransitive reflexive verbs and the unaccusative hypothesis ( mandarin intransitive reflexive verbs ) . session ii syntax and phonology ( 2 : 00pm - - 5 : 30pm , 18 feb 98 ) 1 . masahiro oku : analyzing embedded noun phrase structures derived from japanese double - nominal - case construction . 2 . akira ikeya and masahito kawamori : the two kinds of japanese negative nai in terms of their np1 licensing condition . 3 . chiharu uda kikuta : a multiple inheritance analysis of the internally - headed relative clause in japanese . 4 . yoshie yamashita : the acquisition of functional categories : data from japanese . 5 . seiichiro inaba : moras , syllables , and feet in japanese . 6 . seok - keun kang : english nasal - final prefixes and uniform exponence . session iii lexicon and semantics ( 9 : 00am - - 12 : 30pm , 19 feb 98 ) 1 . jae - il yeom & ik - hwan lee : common grounds as multiple information states . 2 . yibin ni : co - interpretation network in english discourse . 3 . cornelia maria verspoor : predictivity vs . stipulativity in the lexicon . 4 . dan - hee yang , ik - hwan lee & mansuk song : on using case prototypicality as a semantic primitive . 5 . hiroaki nakamura & takeshi fujita : case alternations in potential constructions in japanese and their semantic implications . 6 . kiyoshi ishikawa : on plural anaphora . session iv keynote speeches ( 2 : 00pm - - 4 : 30pm , 19 feb 98 ) 1 . jhing - fa wang : experience on the development of spoken language system based on continuous speech recognition . 2 . k . p . mohanan : a topic on theoretical linguistics to be announced special workshop : ( 5 : 00pm - - 6 : 00pm , 19 feb 98 ) 1 . yasuhito tanaka & kenji kita : machine - readable dictionary headwords . 2 . charles lee : the advantages of 3d - trees in modelling human sentence processing . 3 . young - soog chae : an improvement of korean proof - reading system using corpus and collocation rules ( a korean proof - reading system using multiple dictionaries and a corpus ) . 4 . shun ha sylvia wong & peter hancox : an investigation into the use of argument structure and lexical mapping theory for machine translation . 5 . kok wee gan : using a semantic classification in parsing chinese : some preliminary results . 6 . yong - beo kim : adjunct roles and external predication . 7 . mariko saiki : on the underlying representation of the tough construction in english . 8 . minako nakayasu : tense and the speaker 's attitude in english . session v language modelling ( 9 : 00am - - 1 : 00pm , 20 feb 98 ) 1 . guodong zhou & kim - teng lua : mi - trigger - based language modelling . 2 . zhao - ming gao & harold somers : extracting recurrent phrases and terms from texts using a purely statistical method . 3 . haizhou li & baosheng yuan : chinese word segmentation . 4 . julia hockenmaier & chris brew : error - driven learning of chinese word segmentation . 5 . yujie zhang & kazuhiko ozeki : automatic bunsetsu segmentation of japanese sentences using a classification tree . 6 . kenneth lau & robert luk : word - sense classification by hierarchical clustering . 7 . zhao - ming gao : a high - precision translation lexicon from parallel chinese - english corpora ( automatic acquisition of a high - precision translation lexicon from parallel chinese - english corpora ) . session vi parsing and processing ( 2 . 00pm - - 5 : 30pm , 20 feb 98 ) 1 . joe zhou : surrogator : a simple yet efficient document condensation system . 2 . haodong wu : a computational method for resolving ambiguities in coordinate structures . 3 . simin li & y . itoh : on removing ambiguity in text understanding . 4 . june - jei kuo : an automatic chinese document revision system using the bit and character mask approach . 5 . yasuo koyama : japanese kana - to - kanji conversion using large scale collocation data . 6 . hanmin jung et al : syntactic verifier as a filter to compound unit recognizer
  """",0
  2222,""""Subject: high desert linguistics society / students
   
   call for papers the high desert linguistics society 2nd student conference in linguistics ( hdls - 2 ) march 26-27 , 1999 university of new mexico albuquerque keynote speaker : dr . sandra thompson , ucsb we invite student papers from all areas of linguistics , but we especially encourage papers in following specific areas of inquiry : form and function language change and grammaticization discourse analysis native american linguistics sign language linguistics computational linguistics sociolinguistics & language planning abstracts for 20 - minutes papers may be a maximum of one page . at the top of the abstract ( if by e-mail ) or on a separate page ( if on paper ) , please include : title of paper author name ( s ) and affiliation ( s ) topic area ( from the list above or whatever seems appropriate ) e-mail address paper mailing address submission deadline : abstracts must be received by jan . 22 , 1999 . where to submit : abstracts for 20 - minute papers should be e-mailed in ascii , word , or word perfect form to : < hdls @ unm . edu > . please use """""""" abstract """""""" as your subject header . if you are submitting more than one abstract , please e-mail each separately . if you prefer to use regular mail , send two copies of your abstract to : hdls - 2 abstracts university of new mexico humanities 526 albuquerque , nm 87131 proceedings the proceedings of the conference will be published in the summer of 1999 . inquiries : for more information , visit the conference web site at < http : / / www . unm . edu / ~ hdls / hdls - 2 / , available soon . e-mail inquiries : hdls @ unm . edu
  """",0
  2223,""""Subject: shenandoah language and linguistics society
   
   the shenandoah language and linguistics society symposium is issuing a call for papers for their upcoming symposium to be held at the southern virginia college campus in buena vista , virginia . the conference will be held on march 25-26 , 1999 . topics the conference welcomes papers treating a variety of topics in language and linguistics . this includes not only papers treating topics within linguistic disciplines such as phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics , pragmatics , sociolinguistics , historical linguistics , and applied linguistics , but also interdisciplinary presentations that involve language analysis . speakers the keynote speaker is professor william eggington , professor of english language and linguistics at brigham young university . professor eggington specializes in language - in - education policy and general language planning . his most recent book is entitled the sociopolitics of english language teaching . his keynote address is entitled """""""" linguistic predictors of academic achievement . """""""" the featured speaker will be professor terry blodgett , professor of german at southern utah university . he is currently preparing a four-volume book entitled israel : the migrations . professor blodgett will be speaking on """""""" the four sound shifts which reveal israel 's four migrations . """""""" submissions mail your abstracts ( see accompanying submission form ) to professor dallin d . oaks , department of arts and humanities , southern virginia college . buena vista , virginia 24416 . submissions may be faxed to ( 540 ) 261-8451 . please do not send any submissions by electronic mail . the deadline for receiving abstracts will be january 25 , 1999 . for further information contact professor dallin d . oaks at ( 540 ) 261-4117 . or e-mail him at doaks @ southernvirginia . edu submission form 1 ) name ( as you wish to appear in the program ) : 2 ) university or institutional affiliation : 3 ) title of presentation : 4 ) address at which you can be reached ( please include phone numbers as well as an e-mail address if you have one ) : 5 ) please indicate with a check mark the general area of language analysis or linguistics that most closely corresponds to the topic of your presentation : phonetics or phonology _ _ _ _ _ historical linguistics _ _ _ _ _ morphology _ _ _ _ _ psycholinguistics or language acquisition _ _ _ _ _ syntax _ _ _ _ _ language pedagogy _ _ _ _ _ semantics or pragmatics _ _ _ _ _ language and literary analysis _ _ _ _ _ discourse analysis _ _ _ _ _ names and naming _ _ _ _ _ language varieties _ _ _ _ _ language and computers _ _ _ _ _ other ( please specify ) _ _ _ _ _ 6 ) please indicate the length of time you would like for your presentation . priority in selection will go to the standard presentation time of 20 minutes ( with an additional 5 minutes for questions ) . 20 - minute presentation _ _ _ _ _ 40 - minute presentation _ _ _ _ _ 60 - minute presentation _ _ _ _ _ 7 ) attach a 250 word abstract that describes the presentation you would like to make .
  """",0
  2224,""""Subject: portuguese
   
   call for papers : portuguese 1999 american association of teachers of spanish and portuguese annual meeting denver , colorado july 30 - august 3 , 1998 . papers are invited in the following areas : pannel 1 : portuguese linguistics portuguese morphology , syntax , semantics , phonetics and phonology . sociolinguistics and pragmatics of portuguese speaking communities . portuguese in contact . pannel 2 : portuguese language and development teaching techniques , development of portuguese programs , methods and methodologies , assessment , actfl standards applied to portuguese . pannel 3 : portuguese for spanish speakers methodology , pedagogical material , contrastive analysis , or any aspect of the teaching of portuguese for spanish speakers . send abstracts until january 1 , 1999 to : ( hard copies or e-mail ) ana maria carvalho dept . of spanish and portuguese modern language 545 tucson , az 85721-0067 anac @ u . arizona . edu or lyris wiedemann 245 marmona drive menlo park , ca 94025-2953 fax : ( 650 ) 322-7866 lyriswiedemann @ compuserve . com abstracts should not exceed 200 words . papers may be presented in english or portuguese . please specify in which pannel you would like to present .
  """",0
  2225,""""Subject: child language seminar 1999
   
   please post to the list , thank you . child language seminar 1999 first announcement and call for papers 2 - 4 september 1999 the 1999 child language seminar will be hosted by the department of language and communication science , city university , london , uk . proposals are invited for papers of 30 minutes duration and for posters on issues related to language acquisition in children . * keynote speakers : dan slobin and judy kegl * conference location the conference sessions will be held at the main campus with accommodation nearby at rosebery hall . city university is located near islington , within walking distance of central london . * publication of proceedings selected papers will be published in the conference proceedings , to appear before 31 december 2000 . * how to submit abstracts abstracts should be up to 250 words in length ( excluding references ) and may be submitted preferably by e-mail or e-mail attachment , alternatively by mail or fax . submissions should be received by 1 may 1999 . at the top of the abstract please include name ( s ) of author ( s ) , institutional affiliation , full address , e - mail address , telephone and fax numbers , paper or poster , equipment requirements . please leave several lines between this information and the title and body of the abstract so that the header information can be removed for anonymous review . send your abstract to : cls 99 dept . of language and communication science , city university , northampton sq . , london , ec1v 0hb e-mail : cls99 @ city . ac . uk fax : ( + 44 ) ( 0 ) 171 477 8577 minicom / tty : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 477 8314 * for questions or more information on the conference please check our conference website : http : / / www . city . ac . uk / ccs / cls99 . htm or contact : gary morgan : 44 ( 0 ) 171 419 3162 shula chiat : 44 ( 0 ) 171 477 8297 - - - - - - gary morgan dept of linguistics , ucl , london tel : 0171 4193162 ( voice / text ) fax : 0171 3834198
  """",0
  2226,""""Subject: the written poem : semiotic conventions from old to modern english
   
   huisman , rosemary ( university of sydney ) ; the written poem : semiotic conventions from old to modern english ; available from cassell ; hb . : 0 304 33999 7 ; us $ 75 . 00 / 45 . 00 this book defines a focus of interest : contemporary poetry and its historical construction as a 's een object ' , and uses current literary and social theory to facilitate its study . thus the book contains matter of relevance to practising poets , to those engaged in literary studies and to those with a sociolinguistic interest in the english language , especially in relation to technical and social changes in language technology and literacy . part one discusses the use of graphic , that is visual , conventions in contemporary poetry in english . how do we recognize ' a poem ' ( including apparent contraventions , such as the ' prose-poem ' ) ? once a poem has been recognized , what are the interpretative conventions brought into play for reading it ? and especially , how has the spatial arrangement on the page become ' meaningful ' in its own right for much contemporary poetry ? the last question , of the semiosis of the 's een poem ' , is discussed at length , with numerous examples from individual poems . for a consistent descriptive vocabulary for 'd iscourse ' and ' genre ' , a model of language and social context , derived from the work of the linguist m . a . k . halliday and the sociologist basil bernstein , where relevant , is explained and used . part two explores questions which have been brought to the fore in part one . what is the origin of the line as the primary generic sign of poetry ? how does the potential for seen , rather than spoken , meaning emerge ? it particularly focuses on changes in manuscript conventions from old to middle english poetry , on the comparitvely late significance of print for poetic discourse , on the change , in an increasingly literate understanding of ' literature ' , from a social to a personal understanding of poetic meaning from the late eighteenth century through the nineteenth century . if what has been regarded as an object , ' the poem ' , is an outcome of the social processes of textual interpretation and production , so too is what has been regarded as ' the subject ' , that through which meaning is authorized . available for review . email : sales @ cassellexport . demon . co . uk
  """",0
  2227,""""Subject: the lexicogrammar of adjectives : a systemic functional approach to lexis
   
   tucker , gordon h ( cardiff university ) ; the lexicogrammar of adjectives : a systemic functional approach to lexis ; published by cassell ; hb . : 0 304 33903 2 ; us $ 75 . 00 / 50 . 00 adjectives are the third most important class of words ( after verbs and nouns ) , yet this is the first book-length study in english of this central grammatical category . in it english adjectives are described within a framework which unifies semantics and syntax ; this has important implications for the modelling of lexis in general . it has long been a principle of systemic functional linguistics - the theory in which the description is set - that lexis should be treated , in halliday 's words , as ' most delicate grammar ' . until now , this challenging concept has never been explored and tested for more than a few small areas of lexis . the research reported here is the first large-scale test of this hypothesis . after a thorough survey of the relevant literature , gordon tucker provides a linguistic description of the meanings and forms of the adjectives themselves , the structures that occur around them , and the funtions that such units perform as elements of other units ( such as the clause and the nominal group ) . the lexicogrammar of adjectives constitutes a major descriptive additon to our knowledge of the value of ' lexis as most delicate grammar ' . it is a major contribution to the theoretical modelling of language in general and of words in particular . its conclusions are important both for systemic functional linguistics and for linguistic theory in general . available for review . email : sales @ cassellexport . demon . co . uk
  """",0
  2228,""""Subject: summary justice : judges address juries
   
   robertshaw , paul ( university of wales ) ; summary justice : judges address juries published by cassell as part of the open lingustics series ; hb . : 0 304 33701 3 ; us $ 75 . 00 / 55 . 00 this is the first study of the practice of judical summing-up to juries and of its 's urvey of the evidence ' as rhetoric , persuasive language , in the crown court in england and wales . the transcripts of these summings-up can vary from a few to hundreds of pages , and are significant in that they break the flow between advocates ' turn-taking , especially their final speeches , and the deliberation of the jury . in addition to its linguistic and rhetorical concerns , the book considers this practice of summing-up as a legal problem - as unrecognized advocacy - and examines alternatives , such as the us states ' , canadian and scottish models . the scottish model is prescribed for consideration by anglo - welsh judges , with its insistence on parsimonious reference to the disputed narrative , only where relevant to the legal issues on which instruction is being given . available for review . email : sales @ cassellexport . demon . co . uk
  """",0
  2229,""""Subject: learning through language in early childhood
   
   painter , clare ( university of new south wales ) ; learning through language in early childhood ; published by cassell as part of the open linguistics series ; hb . : 0 304 70056 8 ; us $ 69 . 95 / 45 . 00 language is a child 's major tool for learning about the world . through the everyday , taken-for - granted interactions of everyday conversation , a child not only learns the mother tongue , but uses it as a resource for thinking and reasoning . this book presents a rich naturalistic case study of one childs use of language in the pre-school years from two-and - a-half to five , drawing on systemic functional theory to argue that cognitive development is essentially a linguistic process and offering a new description and interpretation of linguistic and cognitive developments during this period . the case study examines the child 's changing language in terms of its role in interpreting four key domains of experience - - the world of things , the world of events , the world of semiosis ( including the inner world of cognition ) and the construal of cause and effect . it shows how new linguistic possibilities constitute developments in cognitive resources and prepare the child for later learning in school . available for review . email : sales @ cassellexport . demon . co . uk
  """",0
  2230,""""Subject: 6th intl . symposium on social communication ( cuba )
   
   sixth international symposium on social communication santiago de cuba january 25-28 , 1999 the applied linguistics centre of ministry of science , technology and environment in santiago de cuba , is pleased to announce the sixth international symposium on social communication to be held in santiago de cuba , january 25th - 28th , 1999 . this international event will focus on social communication processes from the points of view of applied linguistics , computational linguistics , cybernetics , medicine , ethnology , folklore and mass media studies . the symposium will be also sponsored by : . . university of oriente , cuba . . higher institute for medical sciences , santiago de cuba . . information for development agency , citma , cuba . . humboldt university , germany . . university of twente , the netherlands . . national council of researchs , italy . . linguists association of cuba papers and posters will be discussed within the following disciplines : 1 . applied linguistics : - spanish and foreign languages teaching , translations , scientific terminology , sociolinguistics , psycholin - guistics , phonetics . 2 . computational linguistics : software related to : - lexicological , lexicographic and grammatical research . - the compilation of automated monolingual , bilingual and fraseological dictionaries . - other uses of computational linguistics . 3 . voice processing : - artificial intelligence applied to voice analysis , synthesis and recognition . - voice - processing equipment . their use in informatics , accoustic analysis and as aid for the hearing and sight impaired . - voice - processing research related to """""""" cry analysis """""""" . 4 . medical specialities related to pathological processes which use speech and voice analysis : - presentations on research results showing the effects of the use of words and communication for the treatment of various illnesses . - interdisciplinary treatment of logophoniatric patients with vocal tract disorders . - results of investigations related to diagnoses of central nervous system diseases through the cry analysis method . 5 . mass media : - language in the mass media . 6 . ethnology and folklore : - papers related to ethnology , folklore and other aspects of social communication . international workshops - lexicological and lexicographic research . - computational linguistics : automatic tagging of textual corpora . papers at workshops should be presented in 10 minutes . scientific discussion will take place at the end of the workshop . at the papers there must be pointed out if they are meant for a workshop . round table at the symposium there will be a round table on """""""" new technologies in the mass media . their social impact . """""""" summaries a summary under 250 words must be sent before july 1st , 1998 . papers to enable us to deliver the proceedings with the event documentation , accepted papers must be sent before september 1st , 1998 , with the following requirements : 1 . only 6 pages including graphics , notes and bibliography . 2 . edited with word 6 . 0 or word 7 . 0 for windows and sent through e-mail ( attachment ) and 3 1 / 2 """""""" diskette . 3 . each page must have 55 lines maximun in a a4 ( mail type ) format . instructions for papers presentation 1 . write down the authors ' names , one under the other , at the left top of the first page , all in arial bold capital letters , 10 points size ( word 6 . 0 or 7 . 0 ) . under the authors ' names it should appear the institution , city and country where they belong in bold but only initial capital letters . 2 . in a separate line , at the center , the title of the paper must be written in arial bold , cursive , 11 points size letters . 3 . the text will follow - not in bold - with the same arial letter , 10 points size and leaving a space between lines . 4 . notes will appear at the end of each page in arial 9 points size letters . presentation time will be 15 minutes and 5 minutes for discussion . authors must declare if they need a tape recorder , video set , computer or other kind of equipment . all mail or enquiries should be addressed to : dr . eloina miyares bermudez secretaria ejecutiva comite organizador apartado postal 4067 , vista alegre santiago de cuba 4 , cuba 90400 telephones : ( 53-226 ) 42760 or ( 53-226 ) 41081 fax : ( 53-226 ) 41579 e - mail : leonel @ lingapli . ciges . inf . cu home page : http : / / wwwseti . cs . utwente . nl / parlevink / cuba official languages : spanish and english . inscription fee : speakers and delegates . . . . . . 130 . 00 usd companions . . . . . . 70 . 00 usd payment must be in cash during the registration . accomodation santiago de cuba has 4 and 5 stars hotels at the disposal of the participants who apply for them . the organizing committee will offer a special package with preferential prices . other aspects of interest santiago de cuba , located at some 900 kms from havana , is cuba 's second largest city due to its economic , cultural and social importance . santiago is also the capital of the province with the same name . surrounded by the green mountains of the sierra maestra range and the caribbean sea , santiago is unique in its geography and beautiful landscape . its surroundings make the city one of the most important touristic attractions on the entire island . the organizing committee , in coordination with the city 's tourist agencies will offer visiting delegates a host of options allowing participants to enjoy the city 's beauty and charm . important reminders . . july 1st , 1998 submission of summaries . . july 15th , 1998 information about the approval of the paper . . september 1th , 1998 deadline for paper reception by diskette and e-mail . . january 25th - 28th 1999 sixth international symposium scientific and organizing committee president of honor : dr . rosa elena simeon negrin minister of science , technology and environment , cuba aida almaguer furnaguera - citma ( * ) osvaldo bebelagua c . - information for development agency , citma vitelio ruiz hernandez - applied linguistics centre eloina miyares bermudez - applied linguistics centre marcos cortina v . - university of oriente nayra pujals - higher institute for medical sciences renate siegmund - humboldt university , germany kathleen wermke - humboldt university , germany anton nijholt - university of twente , the netherlands daniela ratti - cnr ( * * ) , italy lucia marconi - cnr , italy claudia rolando - cnr , italy margarita hernandez s . - citma leonel ruiz miyares - applied linguistics centre nancy alamo suarez - applied linguistics centre gisela cardenas molina - linguists association of cuba humberto ocan ~ a dayar - linguists association of cuba ( * ) citma - ministry of science , technology and environment , cuba ( * * ) cnr - national council of researchs , italy sixth international symposium on social communication registration form mr . / ms . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ organization : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ title : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ business address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telefax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ home address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ speaker _ _ _ _ _ participant _ _ _ _ _ _ companions _ _ _ _ _ _ paper title : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",0
  2231,""""Subject: sintassi comparata dell ' accordo participiale ramanzo
   
   michele loporcaro sintassi comparata dell ' accordo participiale romanzo rosenberg & sellier , torino , 1998 isbn 88-7011 - 719 - 7 , 272 pages , lit . 65 . 000 address of the publisher : via andrea doria 14 , i-10123 torino grosenb @ tin . it ( credit cards accepted ) this book offers a comprehensive account of romance past participle ( pp ) agreement in verbal periphrastics , a much-debated topic in romance linguistics as well as in theoretical syntax . its main bulk consists of a systematic inventory of agreement systems throughout romance ( chs . 3 - 4 ) , which is unprecedented as to both empirical coverage and level of detail . beside the standard languages , dialects ( especially , but by no means exclusively , italo - romance ones ) are considered thoroughly , based in part on first-hand data . one of the basic points of this work is that no sensible account of pp agreement can be arrived at without in-depth consideration of dialect variation . more than sixty different systems are taken into account : for virtually all of them the discussion is not limited to selected syntactic constructions , but rather encompasses the whole set of verbal periphrastics ( both perfective and passive ) consisting of auxiliary + pp . among the agreement systems analyzed here several have not been previously described . the presentation of romance syntactic variation in chapters 3 and 4 is preceded by two introductory chapters and followed by three more theoretically oriented ones . ch . 1 deals with traditional accounts of pp agreement in romance linguistics and shows why a fresh look at the phenomena at issue is needed . ch . 2 introduces the aims and method of the present monograph , which is cast in the framework of relational grammar . after the assessment of dialect variation in pp agreement ( chs . 3 - 4 ) , ch . 5 shows that the analysis developed to account for it naturally projects onto diachrony . the steps through which pp agreement has evolved over time from latin to romance are shown to closely match the parametric options evidenced by synchronic geographic variation . ch . 6 compares the achievements of the present study with competing approaches to pp agreement developed within the principles and parameters approach ( or earlier versions of generative grammar ) . one of the main results of this comparison is the recognition of the fact that proposals put forward by generative grammarians - in spite of seeming differences , due to the theoretical machinery used - are very much in keeping with the descriptive tradition discussed ( and criticized ) in ch . 1 . ch . 6 also contains a discussion of pp agreement in the acquisition of italian as a first language . this domain of empirical data can be naturally unified with dialectal and diachronic variation under the approach developed here . ch . 7 finally synthesizes the results and elaborates on the internal articulation of the parametric conditions involved in pp agreement throughout romance varieties . the concluding table ( 29 ) displays in half a page all the syntactically relevant information that is both necessary and sufficient to exhaustively characterize pp agreement through space and time across romance . finally , a list of keywords for this book would have to include a number of related issues that must be dealt with in connection with pp agreement and which are in fact repeatedly touched upon in the seven chapters . among these , auxiliary selection and the contrast between agreement of pps and of adjectival predicates figure most prominently . other topics discussed range from the syntactic nature of clitics to the representation of reflexives , impersonal constructions , and existentials , to mention just a few . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  2232,""""Subject: basic course in neurolinguistics
   
   first circular december 1998 the department of linguistics at the university of oslo and the nordic neurolinguistic network are pleased to announce that a nordic research course , sponsored by the nordic academy for advanced study ( norfa ) : basic course in neurolinguistics will be held at sanner hotell , granavollen 3 - 5 , 2750 gran , norway , june 11-15 , 1999 . the course will consist of three components : ( i ) survey lectures by dr . susan edwards ( department of linguistic science , university of reading ) , dr . heidi hamilton ( department of linguistics , georgetown university ) , dr . matti laine ( department of psychology , turku university ) , professor bruce murdoch ( department of speech pathology and audiology , university of brisbane ) ; ( ii ) seminars with individual presentations by the students and post-paper discussions ; ( iii ) discussion sessions towards the end of a topic area , focusing on the methodological and theoretical issues shared by the papers presented . criteria for student selection in addition to those defined by norfa ( with regard to country of origin , etc . ) are : ( a ) the participants should have a strong background in one or several of the following disciplines or related areas : linguistics , psychology , neurology , cognitive science , phonetics , logopaedics and / or special education . ( b ) the topic of the course ( neurolinguistics ) should occupy a significant position in the phd or post-doctorate studies or study plans of the participants . the number of student participants will be restricted to 20 . pre - course requirements in addition to the general norfa requirements : ( a ) the applicants should send , together with their application , a 3 - 5 page long abstract of their work ( planned or ongoing ) in the topic area of the course . ( b ) a list of required pre-reading material will be sent to the participants in advance of the course . norfa will cover the cost of tuition , board and lodging during the course , and travel expences ( cheapest mode of travel ) for students from the nordic countries . for further details contact the responsible organiser . application procedure : send a free-form application to inger moen ( below ) by march 1 , 1999 . please enclose a brief cv and a 3 - 5 page long abstract of your work ( planned or ongoing ) in the topic area of the course . those accepted will be notified by april 1 . responsible organiser : professor inger moen , department of linguistics , university of oslo , p . o . box 1102 , blindern , n-0317 oslo , norway , phone + 47 22 85 42 64 , fax + 47 22 85 69 19 , e - mail inger . moen @ ilf . uio . no . web site : http : / / www . hf . uio . no / ilf / neurolingcourse99
  """",0
  2233,""""Subject: acl ' 99 association for computational linguistics / workshop proposals
   
   acl ' 99 association for computational linguistics * * * * * call for workshop proposals * * * * * the call for worskhops is at http : / / www . issco . unige . ch / staff / susan / acl / susan armstrong | e - mail : susan . armstrong @ issco . unige . ch issco , university of geneva | www : http : / / issco-www . unige . ch / 54 route des acacias | tel : + 41 / 22 / 705 71 13 ch-1227 geneva ( switzerland ) | fax : + 41 / 22 / 300 10 86
  """",0
  2234,""""Subject: linguistics 36 : 4 ( 1998 )
   
   linguistics volume 36 - 4 ( 1998 ) special issue developing a verb category . cross - linguistic perspectives edited by elena v . m . lieven mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york elena v . m . lieven . . . . . . . . introduction shanley allen . . . . . . . . . . . . categories within the verb category : learning the causative in inuktitut heike behrens . . . . . . . . . . . . how difficult are complex verbs ? evidence from german , dutch , and english penelope brown . . . . . . . . . . . children 's first verbs in tzeltal : evidence for an early verb category soonja choi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . verbs in early lexical and syntactic development in korean katherine demuth . . . . . . . . . argument structure and the acquisition of sesotho applicatives elena v . m . lieven , julian m . pine , caroline f . rowland . . . . . . comparing different models of the development of the english verb category michael maratsos . . . . . . . . . commentary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
  """",0
  2235,""""Subject: the linguistic review 15 : 4 ( 1998 )
   
   the linguistic review volume 15 : 4 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york david basilico . . . . . . . . . . . . wh - movement in iraqi arabic and slave yuji hatakeyama . . . . . . . . . . . topic - and focus-topicalizations marjon helmantel . . . . . . . . . . simplex adpositions and vector theory william x . f . yu . . . . . . . . . . . theta role assignment , internal structures of reflexives and reflexive binding index to volume 15 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
  """",0
  2236,""""Subject: new and recent titles in syntax and morphology from oxford up
   
   the acquisition of second-language syntax susan braidi , west virginia university the issue of syntactic development is one of the most central to both linguistics and applied linguistics . assuming no detailed background knowledge of linguistics , this book is an introduction to the acquisition of syntax in a second language . the text builds a coherent picture of second language grammatical development by showing the interactions between the syntactic , processing , and functional / discourse approaches , and looks at how and why these different approaches give different results . ( an arnold publication ) december 1998 232 pp . ; 3 linecuts 0-340 - 64591 - 1 paper $ 19 . 95 0-340 - 64592 - x cloth $ 80 . 00 oxford university press understanding syntax maggie tallerman , university of durham ( understanding language ) this text provides a complete introduction to the syntax of human languages . assuming no prior knowledge of linguistics , the book discusses and illustrates all of the major terms and concepts essential to the study of sentence structure . while drawing initial illustrations primarily from english , the book presents extensive additional material from several dozen other languages . written in an accessible style with many examples and interactive exercises , this book is the perfect choice for anyone approaching this subject for the first time . ( an arnold publication ) december 1998 240 pp . 0-340 - 60377 - 1 paper $ 19 . 95 0-340 - 70000 - 9 cloth $ 60 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
  """",0
  2237,""""Subject: semantics , pragmatics , & philosophy of languages from oxford up
   
   a theory of linguistic signs rudi keller , heinrich heine university , dusseldorf translated by kimberley duenwald signs shape our lives : we are surrounded by signs , we surround ourselves with signs , and usually we are completely unaware of it . rudi keller shows how signs emerge , function , and develop in the permanent process of language change . he recombines thoughts and ideas from plato to the present day to create a new theory of the meaning and evolution of icons and symbols . by assuming no prior knowledge and by developing his argument from first principles , he has written a basic text which includes all the necessary features : easy style , good organization , original scholarship , and historical depth . this is a non-technical book which will interest linguists , philosophers , students of communications and cultural studies , semioticians / semanticists , sociologists , and anthropologists . december 1998 272 pp . ; 10 linecuts 0-19 - 823795 - 2 paper $ 19 . 95 0-19 - 823733 - 2 cloth $ 82 . 00 oxford university press understanding pragmatics jef verschueren , university of antwerp , belgium ( understanding language ) ( an arnold publication ) what do people do when using language ? how exactly is meaning generated when we communicate ? and why do we say one thing when we usually mean another ? examining the mental and social processes involved in communicating through language , understanding pragmatics is a comprehensive introduction to the subject . the book provides an outline of the thereotical basis of pragmatics , examines its major theoretical perspectives and explores its methodological issues . december 1998 288 pp . ; 7 halftones , 10 linecuts 0-340 - 64623 - 3 paper $ 19 . 95 0-340 - 64624 - 1 cloth $ 70 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
  """",0
  2238,""""Subject: general linguistics from oxford university press
   
   language through the looking glass : exploring language and linguistics marina yaguello , university of paris vii translated by trevor a . le v . harris what can wordplay - - as understood in the broadest sense - - teach us about language , its functions , characteristics , structure , and workings ? using lewis carroll 's alice as a starting point , yanguello takes the reader on a vivid and unconventional voyage into the world ( s ) of language , charting the major themes of linguistics along the way . this is an entertaining and original introduction to the nature of language that will appeal to students and teachers alike . december 1998 184 pp . ; 8 halftones 0-19 - 870005 - 9 paper $ 16 . 95 0-19 - 870006 - 7 cloth $ 49 . 95 oxford university press language wars and linguistic politics louis - jean calvet , sorbonne , paris translated by michel petheram non - linguistic conflicts - - economic , religious , territorial - - are often projected on to language differences , and may be played out in the language policies of governments and other holders of power . jean - louis calvet deals broadly , in a non-technical and introductory style , with this interaction of language issues and political process . he examines the fundamental problems arising from language contact , multilingualism , and the conflicts caused by inequalities symbolized in various patterns of language use . december 1998 232 pp . ; 2 linecuts 0-19 - 870021 - 0 paper $ 29 . 95 0-19 - 823598 - 4 cloth $ 90 . 00 oxford university press the politics of indians ' english : linguistic colonialism and the expanding english empire n . krishnaswamy and archana s . burde in this fascinating and lively study , krishnaswamy and burde examine how the english used by indians has changed - - and is still changing - - over the last two centuries , evolving into the complex and highly diverse forms which it takes today . december 1998 176 pp . 0-19 - 564368 - 2 $ 22 . 50 oxford university press phraseology : theory , analysis , and applications edited by a . p . cowie , university of leeds ( oxford studies in lexicography and lexicology ) over the last twenty years , phraseology has become a major field of pure and applied research in western european and north american linguistics . this book is made up of authoritative contributions from leading specialists who examine the increasingly crucial role played by ready-made word-combinations in language acquisition and adult language use . this book is the first comprehensive and up-to - date account of the subject to be published in english . december 1998 272 pp . ; 8 b / w line figs . 0-19 - 829425 - 5 $ 82 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
  """",0
  2239,""""Subject: phonetics & phonology from oxford university press
   
   introducing phonetics and phonology mike davenport and s . j . hannahs , both at university of durham this book provides a basic introduction to the fundamental concepts on phonetics and phonology , the foundation of most courses in linguistics . the reader is introduced first to articulatory and acoustic phonetics , and then follows a smooth progression in sections on phonology . the book highlights throughout the links between the two subjects and each chapter ends with a set of exercises and suggestions for further reading . the primary source of data is from both general american and received pronunciation . ( an arnold publication ) december 1998 208 pp . ; 38 linecuts 0-340 - 66217 - 4 paper $ 19 . 95 0-340 - 66218 - 2 cloth $ 70 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
  """",0
  2240,""""Subject: socio & anthropological linguistics from oxford up
   
   power sharing : language , rank , gender and social space in pohnpei , micronesia elizabeth keating , university of texas ( oxford studies in anthropological linguistics 23 ) what allows certain individuals and groups to maintain control over the actions and lives of others ? linguistic anthropologist elizabeth keating went to the island of pohnpei , in micronesia , and studied how people use language and other semiotic codes to reproduce and manipulate status differences . the result is this inside view of how language works to create power and social inequality . this book challenges widely held theories on the nature of social stratification , including women 's roles in creating hierarchy . december 1998 224 pp . ; 14 halftones , 4 linecuts 0-19 - 511197 - 4 $ 75 . 00 oxford university press eloquence in trouble : the poetics and politics of complaint in rural bangladesh james m . wilce , northern arizona university ( oxford studies in anthropological linguistics 21 ) eloquence in trouble captures the articulation of several troubled lives in bangladesh as well as the threats to the very genres of their expression , lament in particular . the first ethnography of one of the most spoken mother tongues on earth , bangla , this study represents a new approach to troubles talk , combining the rigor of discourse analysis with the interpretive depth of psychological anthropology . its careful transcriptions of bangladeshi troubles talk will disturb some readers and move others - - beyond past academic discussion of personhood in south asia . december 1998 320 pp . ; 7 halftones , 8 linecuts 0-19 - 510687 - 3 $ 65 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
  """",0
  2241,""""Subject: available for review
   
   the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . turkish grammar : kornfilt , jaklin ( 1997 ) turkish , descriptive grammars series . bernard comrie ( ed ) . routledge : london . based on comrie 's grammar questionnaire ( 77 ) , this is a comprehensive grammar of turkish with emphasis on syntax , morphology and phonology . an erratum sheet for this grammar is available directly from the author at kornfilt @ mailbox . syr . edu sociolinguistics / history of linguistics : paulston , christina & g . richard tucker ( eds ) ( 1997 ) the early days of sociolinguistics : meomires and reflections . summer institute of linguistics . austin . a compendium of 36 aritcles by participants in teh development of the field of sociolinguistics . the volume provides an insider 's perspective on the , issues both practical and theoretical which motivated individuals and institutions to turn to a view of langauge as inextricably connected to society and culture .
  """",0
  2242,""""Subject: pacling 99 : first call for papers
   
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - this call for paper is also available at http : / / www . lpaig . uwaterloo . ca / ~ b2hui / pacling / additional information and updates will be posted to the website as they become available . ( please direct your questions to bowen hui at b2hui @ uwaterloo . ca . ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - pacling pacific association for computational linguistics university of waterloo waterloo , ontario , canada n2l 3g1 august 25-28 , 1999 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cooperative hosts = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = o canadian society for computational studies of intelligence ( cscsi ) / societe canadienne pour l ' etude de l ' intelligence par ordinateur ( sceio ) o university of waterloo , canada o the technical group on natural language understanding and communication of institute of electronics , information , and communication engineers of japan o the technical group on thought and language of institute of electronics , information , and communication engineers of japan history and aims = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = pacling ( pacific association for computational linguistics ) has grown out of the very successful japan - australia joint symposia on natural language processing held in november 1989 in melbourne , australia and in october in iizuka , japan in 1991 . the first three meetings of the retitled pacling , a name designed to express the wider membership , took place in vancouver , canada in 1993 , in brisbane , australia in 1995 , and in ohme , tokyo , japan in 1997 . pacling ' 99 will be a low-profile , high-quality , workshop-oriented meeting whose aim is to promote friendly scientific relations among pacific rim countries , with emphasis on interdisciplinary scientific exchange demonstrating openness towards good research falling outside current dominant ` ` schools of thought ' ' , and on technological transfer within the pacific region . the conference represents a unique forum for scientific and technological exchange , being smaller than acl , coling , or applied nlp , and also more regional with extensive representation from the pacific . topics = = = = = = original papers are invited on any topic in computational linguistics ( and closely related areas ) including , but not limited to , the following : o phonology , phonetics , morphology , syntax , semantics , pragmatics o dialogues , spoken languages , corpora o text and message understanding and generation o language translation and translation aids o language learning and learning aids o question-answering systems and interfaces to ( multimedia ) o databases , language and input / output devices o natural-language - based software . submissions = = = = = = = = = = = authors should prepare extended abstracts , in english , not more than 3000 words including references . the title page must include : author 's name , postal address , e-mail address ( if possible ) , telephone and facsimile numbers ; a brief 100-200 word summary ; and some key words for classifying the submission . papers that are being submitted to other conferences , whether verbatim or in essence , must reflect this fact after key words . if a paper appears at another conference , it must be withdrawn from pacling ' 99 . papers that violate these requirements are subject to rejection without review . authors of a selection of representative papers which the program committee identifies will be invited to revise their papers and submit to a special issue of computational intelligence : an international journal based on pacling ' 99 . please send four copies of each submission to : nick cercone department of computer science william davis comp . research centre university of waterloo waterloo , ontario n2l 3g1 canada telephone : ( 519 ) 888-4567 ext . 3292 facsimile : ( 519 ) 885-1208 e - mail : ncercone @ uwaterloo . ca * or * kiyoshi kogure ntt communication science laboratories 2 - 4 , hikari - dai , seika - cho , soraku - gun , kyoto 619-023 japan telephone : + 81 744 93 5250 fascimile : + 81 744 93 5285 e - mail : kogure @ cslab . kecl . ntt . co . jp important dates = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = submission deadline : february 21 , 1999 notification of acceptance : may 1 , 1999 camera - ready copy due : june 18 , 1999 organizing committee = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = president : naoyuki okada ( kyushu institute of technology , japan ) members : naoyuki okada ( kyushu institute of technology , japan ) christian matthiessen ( macquarie university , australia ) nick cercone ( university of waterloo , canada ) charles fillmore ( university of california , berkeley , usa ) conference committee = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = chair : nick cercone ( university of waterloo , canada ) program coordinators : nick cercone ( university of waterloo , canada ) kiyoshi kogure ( ntt , japan ) members : francis bond ( ntt , japan ) sandra carberry ( university of delaware , u . s . a . ) robin cohen ( university of waterloo , canada ) veronica dahl ( simon fraser university , canada ) robert dale ( macquarie university , australia ) hercules dalianis ( royal inst . of technology , dsv-kth , sweden ) chrysanne dimarco ( university of waterloo , canada ) mike dent ( open text corp . , canada ) kohji dohsaka ( ntt , japan ) randy goebel ( university of alberta , canada ) graeme hirst ( university of toronto , canada ) satoru ikehara ( tottori university , japan ) kentaro inui ( kyushu institute of technology , japan ) shun ishizaki ( keio university , japan ) pierre isabelle ( university of montreal , canada ; xrce , france ) julia johnson ( university of regina , canada ) richard kittredge ( university of montreal , canada ) guy lapalme ( university of montreal , canada ) dekang lin ( university of manitoba , canada ) charles ling ( university of western ontario , canada ) stan matwin ( university of ottawa , canada ) robert mercer ( university of western ontario , canada ) johanna moore ( university of edinburgh , uk ) gordon mccalla ( univ . of saskatchewan , canada ) paul mcfetridge ( simon fraser university , canada ) paul mc kevitt ( aalborg university , denmark ) jun - ichi nakamura ( university of kyoto , japan ) minako o'hagan ( victoria univ . of wellington , new zealand ) kyonghee paik ( keio university , japan ) t . pattabhiraman ( seagate software , canada ) emmanuel planas ( universiti joseph fourier de grenoble , france ) fred popowich ( simon fraser university , canada ) gary promhouse ( open text corp . , canada ) hiroshi sakaki ( meisei university , japan ) l . k . schubert ( university of rochester , usa ) akira shimazu ( ntt , japan ) booncharoen sirinaovakul ( king mongkut 's university of technology , thailand ) tomek strzalkowski ( general electric , usa ) ryoichi sugimura ( matsushita , japan ) roland sussex ( university of queensland , australia ) masami suzuki ( kdd , japan ) yoichi tomiura ( kyushu university , japan ) hiroaki tsurumaru ( university of nagasaki , japan ) peter van beek ( university of alberta , canada ) ning zhong ( yamaguchi university , japan ) ingrid zukerman ( monash university , australia ) speakers : to be announced
  """",0
  2243,""""Subject: hispanic & luso - brazilian literatures / romance ling .
   
   call for papers the department of spanish and portuguese of the university of texas at austin 9th colloquium on hispanic and luso - brazilian literatures and romance linguistics april 3 , 1999 the graduate student organization of the spanish and portuguese department of the university of texas - austin is pleased to announce its 9th colloquium to be held april 3rd , 1999 . we encourage the submission of abstracts on any aspect of hispanic and luso - brazilian literatures and romance linguistics . speakers will be allowed 20 minutes for presentation . papers will be selected based on the blind evaluation of a written abstract which may not exceed one page . please submit to the address below : one copy of the single-spaced abstract not to exceed 400 words , please include the title ; and , a second page with the following information . 1 ) the title of the paper 2 ) author 's name 3 ) author 's affiliations 4 ) address , phone number , and email address at which the author wishes to be notified . deadline for receipt of abstracts is february 1 , 1999 . the completed paper , as it will be presented , must be submitted before march 20 , 1999 ( please include word count on the last page ) . registration fees will be $ 20 for non-students and $ 10 for students . sorry , no electronic submissions and please limit one abstract per person . please submit abstracts to : delia mendez montesinos 9th colloquium organizing committee department of spanish and portuguese university of texas at austin austin , tx 78712 email inquiries : t . isabelli @ mail . utexas . edu < < christina isabelli >
  """",0
  2244,""""Subject: chicago linguistic society
   
   announcing the 35th regional meeting of the chicago linguistic society april 22-24 , 1999 university of chicago main session : we invite original , unpublished work on any topic of general linguistic interest . invited speakers : beth levin ( northwestern university ) paul smolensky ( johns hopkins university ) panels : we invite original , unpublished work which addresses one of the panel topics below . language , identity , and the other thursday , april 22 language serves as a means to unite as well as to exclude groups or individuals . this panel will explore the linguistic mechanisms by which this is accomplished in different speech communities . invited speakers : robert greenberg ( university of north carolina , chapel hill ) michael silverstein ( university of chicago ) in conjunction with the university of chicago workshop on theory and data in speech research : chiphon 99 new syntheses : multi - disciplinary approaches to basic units of speech friday , april 23 this panel seeks to synthesize findings from linguistics and other fields which investigate linguistic behavior , to determine whether these can be used as evidence for a unified theory of basic units of speech processing . invited speakers : john ohala ( university of california , berkeley ) joseph perkell ( massachusetts institute of technology ) theory and linguistic diversity saturday , april 24 approximately five thousand languages are spoken throughout the world today . this panel seeks to explore the ways in which linguistic theories attempt to account for such variety . invited speakers : mark baker ( rutgers university ) joan bresnan ( stanford university ) r . m . w . dixon ( australian national university ) please submit ten copies of a one-page 500 word anonymous abstract for a twenty minute paper ( optionally one additional page for data and / or references may be appended ) , along with a 3 by 5 card with : 1 your name 2 affiliation 3 address , phone number , and e-mail address 4 title of the paper 5 an indication for which panel or which particular subdivision of the main session ( eg : phonetics , phonology , syntax , semantics , historical linguistics , etc . ) the paper is intended . the abstract should be as specific as possible and it should clearly indicate the data covered , outline the arguments presented , and include any broader implications of the work . an individual may present at most one single and one co-authored paper . authors must submit a camera-ready copy of the paper at the time of the conference in order to be considered for publication . only a selection of papers presented at cls 35 will be published . this years deadline for receipt of abstracts is february 1 , 1999 . send abstracts to : chicago linguistic society 1010 east 59th st . chicago , il 60637 773 . 702 . 8529 information on e-mail submission and additional guidelines for abstracts may be obtained by visiting our website at http : / / humanities . uchicago . edu / humanities / cls / cls . html , by writing to the above address , or by e-mailing us at cls @ diderot . uchicago . edu .
  """",0
  2245,""""Subject: interactions in virtual worlds
   
   workshop interactions in virtual worlds may 19-21 , 1999 parlevink research group university of twente / ctit enschede the netherlands introduction the parlevink research group of the centre of telematics and information technology ( ctit ) is pleased to announce a 3 - day workshop on interactions in virtual reality ( vr ) environments . anyone dealing with theoretical , empirical , computational , experimental , sociological and anthropological aspects of vr environments that are either purely artificial or use real world characteristics is invited to participate in this workshop . in this workshop the emphasis is on vr environments that provide means for interacting with the objects in the environment , with embedded information sources and services ( possibly represented as agents ) or with other users and visitors of the environment . motivation in recent years we have seen that the computer science and the cognitive ergonomics communities have discovered and are exploring the possibilities of vr in user interfaces . in order to visualize available information and to provide users access to this information , virtual environments have been built such that users can find and explore information , communicate with other users and can communicate with objects and agents in the virtual worlds . this workshop emphasizes the role of vr in interfaces and in environments in which people share knowledge and experience and in which new forms of interactivity will emerge . in particular we want to explore the role of speech and language in virtual environments . how can we navigate in vr using speech and language , how can we model multimodal access to such environments , how can we communicate with other humans and with artificial agents in the vr environment , etc . the workshop is organized in the context of the u - wish project of the dutch telematics institute . format the format of the workshop will consist of keynote presentations by experts in the fields of vr , dialogue modelling and speech and language processing , combined with presentations of accepted papers . all presentations will be plenary . submission procedure researchers working in this domain are invited to email a 400 - words abstract ( plain ascii format ) , together with title , affiliation and keywords to twlt15 @ cs . utwente . nl . invited and accepted papers will be published in the workshop proceedings . invited lectures niels ole bernsen ( odense university . odense , denmark : coordinator of i3net , the european network for intelligent information interfaces . i3 was created in 1997 in order to take a human-centred approach to the exploration of new , visionary interactive systems for people in their everyday activities . lili cheng ( microsoft research , seattle , wa . , usa ) : lead program manager in the microsoft research 's virtual worlds group , working on the virtual worlds platform . at nyu , cheng designed graphics and created the human interface for one of the first participatory , real time rendered 3d environments which was broadcast tri-weekly from nyu . lili is a registered architect and designed commercial architecture in both tokyo and los angeles . james n . davidson ( cedes , seattle , wa . , usa ) : project manager of the community and environmental design simulation lab , ( cedes ) , jointly sponsored by the college of architecture and urban planning and the human interface technology lab of the university of washington . the mandate for this lab is to research and teach the use of real-time simulations and vr for urban , architectural and landscape design , and the creation of virtual spaces and environments . james c . lester ( north carolina state university , raleigh , usa ) : the primary objective of lester 's research is to design , construct , and empirically evaluate computational mechanisms to support hci in educational and scientific software . his interests focus on developing advanced animated and natural language explanation systems that facilitate learning and scientific analysis . stephen n . matsuba ( vrml dream company , toronto , canada : matsuba has authored a series of vr spaces for cyberstage live : an on-line journal dealing with the arts and technology . his interests are focussed on multimedia and vr applications . he and others developed a vrml - based theatre adaptation of shakespeare 's a midsummer night 's dream . pierre nugues ( ismra - caen , france ) research of pierre nugues is focused on natural language processing for spoken dialogue and user interfaces . this includes design & implementation of conversational agents within a multimodal framework . program committee program chairman : anton nijholt ( ctit , enschede ) niels ole bernsen , james n . davidson , james c . lester , stephen n . matsuba , pierre nugues & oliviero stock organizing committee local chairman : betsy van dijk olaf donk , boris van schooten & hendri hondorp venue the workshop on """""""" interactions in virtual worlds """""""" will take place in the computer science building at the campus of the university of twente , enschede , the netherlands . hotel accommodation is available at the campus and in two nearby cities . important dates march 1 : deadline for submitted abstracts march 15 : notification of acceptance , instruction for authors , information on accommodation april 15 : dead - line for camera-ready papers may 19-21 : workshop further information for further information , please contact olaf donk ( donk @ cs . utwente . nl ) . updated information will also be available at http : / / wwwseti . cs . utwente . nl / parlevink / conferences / twlt15 . html
  """",0
  2246,""""Subject: les temps du passe francais et leur enseignement
   
   atelier international les temps du passe francais et leur enseignement 24 et 25 mars 1999 aston university ( birmingham , angleterre ) les formes du passe constituent un ecueil pour l ' apprentissage du francais langue etrangere ; meme les apprenants des niveaux les plus eleves echouent a matriser leur emploi . si le manque d ' equivalence forme a forme entre les temps des langues constitue une difficulte evidente , la complexite semantique et distributionnelle des tiroirs francais ne doit pas etre negligee . grammairiens et linguistes se sont efforces de fournir des descriptions des tiroirs du passe mais leur travail , comme celui des didacticiens , s ' est revele inegal . cet atelier international a pour but de faire le point sur les problemes d ' analyse que posent les temps du passe en francais . l ' atelier invitera a la reflexion critique sur les descriptions existantes des temps et leur enseignement . seront envisagees la structuration du systeme et la constitution des tiroirs du point de vue synchronique , evolutif ou contrastif , a partir de corpus de differentes varietes de francais . on considerera en parallele l ' enseignement de ces notions a des apprenants du francais langue etrangere et maternelle dans les diverscontextes de l ' acquisition : en classe , par voie electronique , aux etapes de production ou de revision , par exemple . un certain nombre de specialistes internationaux ont deja confirme leur participation a la suite d ' un premier appel de communication , et le resume de leur contribution est accessible a l ' adresse internet suivante : http : / / www . les . aston . ac . uk / aticonf . html les chercheurs interesses a contribuer a l ' atelier doivent envoyer une proposition de communication consistant en un resume anonyme de 250 mots et en une fiche indiquant le titre de la presentation , le nom de l ' auteur , son affiliation et ses coordonnees ( adresse , telephone , telecopieur , courriel ) . elles devront parvenir avant le 1er fevrier 1999 a : emmanuelle labeau et pierre larrivee school of languages and european studies aston university aston triangle birmingham b4 7et royaume uni telecopie : ( 0 ) 121 359 3653 e . labeau @ aston . ac . uk p . larrivee @ aston . ac . uk veuillez de plus noter que nous suggererons aux contributeurs retenus de remettre une version ecrite de leur contribution avant l ' atelier pour circulation entre ses participants au debut du mois de mars 1999 . a ce titre , les propositions de communication par affichage seront considerees . les contributions a l ' atelier seront reunies pour publication .
  """",0
  2247,""""Subject: call for participation rochebrune 1999
   
   call for participation rochebrune 1999 journees de rochebrune : rencontres interdisciplinaires sur les systemes complexes naturels et artificiels 1er au 5 fevrier 1999 appel participation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - theme des journees 1999 toutes indications disponibles : http : / / www . idiap . ch / ~ glotin / rb99 conflits des interpretations et interpretation des conflits programme provisoire des journees - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lundi 1 fevrier : psychologie : l . - l . salvador le schme comme instance du sens m . soeur quelques modalits d ' approche du concept d ' interprtation en psychanalyse c . parisse l ' volution cognitive par la rsolution de conflits ou le conflit , moteur de la cognition f . de gaulejac conflits des interprtations cognitives du comportement autistique mardi 2 fvrier : langage et textes : f . kaplan la simulation pour alimenter et rorganiser le dbat sur l ' origine du langage humain p . beust & al . une amorce de comptence interprtative pour une machine s . ploux proposition d ' un cadre unifi pour l ' tude de la morphognse de la structure prosodique et gestuelle des langues c . karakash la bible , miroir et source de conflits hermneutiques mercredi 3 fvrier : logique et philo des sciences d . luzeaux l ' interprtation comme construction conflictuelle du sens en logique mathmatique r . nunez le concept de continuit en mathmatiques : conflits et sciences cognitives contemporaines j . sallantin le cube d ' aristote : un cadre pour construire et rviser une interprtation j . - l . dessalles l ' activit scientifique en tant que comportement naturel ancr sur le conflit cognitif jeudi 4 fvrier : domaines techniques / appliqus j . - p . mller un modle interactioniste de l ' interprtation j . blanc talon l ' interprtation comme une suite de transformations partielles approximatives j . - m . fouet interprtation et conflits : exemple du dbogage c . weber interprtation d ' images satellitales et acquisition de connaissances vendredi 5 fvrier : sociologie r . israel travail coopratif et conflits d ' interprtation f . rousseaux du caractre toujours-dj stratgique du conflit r . f . cozien & al . simulations multi-agents et logique floue pour la dtection des conflits internationaux n . ferrand & al . aide la gestion des conflits en amnagement du territoire modalits d ' inscription - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - le cot de la participation aux journes s ' lve : en cas de paiement avant le 30 novembre 1998 : 2900 frs par chque personnel 3200 frs par bon de commande institutionnel en cas de paiement aprs le 30 novembre 1998 : 3100 frs par chque personnel 3800 frs par bon de commande institutionnel cette somme couvre l ' inscription aux journes , les actes , le logement et les repas au chalet de haute-montagne de rochebrune ( megve ) , ainsi que diverses activits . pour toutes les personnes dsirant participer , un bon de commande ou un chque pour la totalit de la somme doit parvenir l ' adresse ci-dessus avant le 15 janvier 1999 . attention , mettez le paiement l ' ordre de : ecal . renseignements - - - - - - - - - - - - - e - mail : parisse @ ext . jussieu . fr http : / / herens . idiap . ch / ~ glotin / rb99
  """",0
  2248,""""Subject: linguistics 36 : 5 ( 1998 ) , 36 : 6 ( 1998 )
   
   linguistics volume 36 - 5 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york john hutton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stress in old english , giet ongean alexandra georgakopoulou and dionysis goutsos . . . . . . . . . . . . conjunctions versus discourse markers in greek : the interaction of frequency , position , and functions in context emre ozgen and ian davies . . . turkish color terms : tests of berlin and kay 's theory of color universals and linguistic relativity ning zhang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the interactions between construction meaning and lexical meaning book reviews publications received notice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ linguistics volume 36 - 6 ( 1998 ) mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york dirk noel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . infinitival copular complement clauses in english : explaining the predominance of passive matrix verbs david fertig . . . . . . . . . . . . . suppletion , natural morphology , and diagrammaticity andrew hippisley . . . . . . . . . indexed stems and russian word formation : a network-morphology account of russian personal pronouns kazue kanno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the stability of ug principles in second - language acquisition : evidence from japanese short note carl rubino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the morphological realization and production of a nonprototypical morpheme : the tagalog derivational clitic author index to linguistics , volume 36 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
  """",0
  2249,""""Subject: intern . journal of the sociology of language ( ijsl ) 132 ( 1998 )
   
   international journal of the sociology of language issue 132 ( 1998 ) indigenous language use and change in the americas edited by teresa l . mccarty and ofelia zepeda mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york teresa l . mccarty and ofelia zepeda , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . introduction part 1 . indigenous languages in the usa lucille j . watahomigie , . . . . . . the native language is a gift : a hualapai language autobiography michael krauss , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the condition of native north american languages : the need for realistic assessment and action galena sells dick , . . . . . . . . . . . i maintained a strong belief in my language and culture : a navajo language autobiography teresa l . mccarty , . . . . . . . . . . . schooling , resistance , and american indian languages daniel lopez ( recorded and edited by ofelia zepeda ) , . . . . . . . . . . . the parents have to do their part : a tohono o ' odham language autobiography ofelia zepeda , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . voices in the desert : contemporary approaches to language maintenance and survival of an ancient language , tohono o ' odham mary linn , marcellino berardo and akira y . yamamoto , . . . . . . . . . . . our language and us : why we switched to english - - - a conversation between two euchee speakers mary linn , marcellino berardo and akira y . yamamoto , . . . . . . . . . . . creating language teams in oklahoma native american communities agnes vera , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . why have i not forgotten my language ? a yowlumne language autobiography leanne hinton , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . language loss and revitalization in california : overview christine p . sims , . . . . . . . . . . . community - based efforts to preserve native languages : a descriptive study of the karuk tribe of northern california iokepa maka ` ai , james kaleiokalani shintani , jr . , jason cabral and kelithoalani kamana wilson ( translated by william h . wilson ) , . . . . . . . . . . four hawaiian language autobiographies william h . wilson , . . . . . . . . . . . i ka ` olelo hawai ` i ke ola , ` life is found in the hawaiian language ' part 2 . indigenous languages in mexico and latin america salome gutierrez morales , . . . . lengua y pensamento : autobiografia de la lengua popoluca salomon nahmad sitton , . . . . . . . derechos linguisticos de los pueblos indigenas de mexico francisco marquez de santa barbara ( translated by jane h . hill ) , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . all that is lost : a mexican language autobiography jane h . hill , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . don francisco marquez survives : a meditation on monolingualism leonzo knight julian , . . . . . . . . if our language is lost , we are going to be nothing : an ulwa language autobiography thomas green and kenneth hale , ulwa , the language of karawala , eastern nicaragua : its position and prospects in modern nicaragua book reviews jerry lipka , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stabilizing indigenous languages , edited by gina cantoni nancy h . hornberger , . . . . . . . . . flutes of fire : essays on california indian languages , by leanne hinton _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
  """",0
  2250,""""Subject: cahiers de linguistique - asie orientale vol . 27 , n2 ( 1998 )
   
   clao - cahiers de linguistique - asie orientale . an international journal on the languages and linguistics of east asia published by the """""""" centre de recherches linguistiques sur l ' asie orientale """""""" editors : alain lucas , waltraud paul vol . 27 , n2 ( 1998 ) marie - claude paris , """""""" focus operators and types of predication in mandarin """""""" , pp . 139-159 franoise bottero , """""""" la vision de l ' criture de xu shen partir de sa prsentation des liushu """""""" , pp . 161-191 ma beijia , """""""" jieci ' zhu ' de chansheng """""""" ( in chinese ) pp . 193-200 yu hsiao - jung & cao guangshun , """""""" liu du ji jing zhong de fuci 'd ou ' """""""" ( in chinese ) pp . 201-209 lee hun - tak thomas & wong colleen , cancorp - the hong kong cantonese child language corpus """""""" , pp . 211-228 review article : redouane djamouri , franoise bottero ( smantisme et classification dans l ' criture chinoise ) , pp . 229-247 book review : laurent sagart tor ulving ( dictionary of old and middle chinese ) pp . 249-254 dissertations : ksenia antonian ( in english ) """""""" rezul ' tativnye konstrukcii v sovremennom kitajskom jazyke : processy grammatikalizacii i leksikallizacii """""""" ( resultative verb compounds in mandarin chinese : grammaticalization and lexicalization ) pp . 255-265 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - published by the """""""" centre de recherches linguistiques sur l ' asie orientale ( crlao ) , paris , france inquiries to : cahiers - lao @ ehess . fr
  """",0
  2251,""""Subject: language and gender
   
   association for french language studies in conjunction with the centre for european studies , uwe , bristol discours masculins , discours feminins saturday , 6 february 1999 room 4c23 , faculty of languages and european studies frenchay campus , uwe , bristol 10 . 30 - 11 . 00 coffee and registration outside of 4c23 11 . 00 - 11 . 30 kate beeching ( uwe , bristol ) . welcome and overview . 11 . 30 - 12 . 30 marina yaguello ( universit de paris 7 - denis diderot ) 12 : 30 - 1 : 00 jean - marc dewaele ( birkbeck , university of london ) p 1 . 00 - 2 . 00 lunch room 4d05 2 . 00 - 2 . 30 ccile bauvois ( universit de mons - hainault ) 2 . 30 - 3 . 00 nigel armstrong ( university of newcastle ) 3 . 00 - 3 . 30 tea room 4d05 3 . 30 - 4 . 00 jacques - philippe saint - grand ( universit blaise pascal , clermont - ferrand ii ) 4 . 00 - 4 . 30 tim pooley ( london guildhall university ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * please complete by friday 22 january and return to : mrs jessa karki research secretary faculty of languages and european studies uwe , bristol , frenchay campus coldharbour lane , bristol , bs16 1qy telephone : 0117 976 3842 , ext 2724 fax : 0117 976 2626 e - mail : jessa . karki @ uwe . ac . uk please indicate your choice by checking a box below : workshop fee ( including lunch , coffee , and tea ) 25 . 00 undergraduate student fee ( no catering included ) 5 . 00 please make cheques payable to uwe , bristol . vegetarian : no / yes ( delete as appropriate ) name : occupation : institution : address : postal code : telephone : fax : e - mail : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - treffers - daller , jeanine email : jeanine . treffers - daller @ uwe . ac . uk """""""" university of the west of england """"""""
  """",0
  2252,""""Subject: """""""" machine learning for information filtering """""""" workshop at ijcai99
   
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for participation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - workshop on """""""" machine learning for information filtering """""""" at the international joint conference on artificial intelligence ( ijcai ) 99 august 1st , 1998 stockholm , sweden http : / / www-ai . cs . uni-dortmund . de / events / ijcai99-mlif the enormous growth of on-line information and electronic commerce has brought about a comparable growth in research on methods for automatically organizing and personalizing information . the """""""" information filtering """""""" task has simultaneously emerged as an active research topic in several disciplines , including information retrieval , human computer interaction , natural language processing , and machine learning . the information filtering task manifests itself in many theoretically challenging and commercially important applications , such as electronic commerce and marketing , search engines , information push applications , browsing assistants , and adaptive web sites . the goal of this workshop is to bring together researchers working on information filtering from many subfields of ai , while emphasizing the machine learning techniques and algorithms many of these subfields share . these techniques include * text classification methods ( probabilistic methods , support vector machines , first order methods , use of unlabeled data , etc . ) * collaborative filtering methods ( use of complex user and object profiles ( e . g . citation structure ) , novel clustering models and methods , etc . ) * other methods for learning user preferences ( learning orderings , etc . ) * combinations of approaches and multi-strategy learning * representational issues ( knowledge representation , nlp techniques , representing interest , representing information objects , feature selection , term weighting , data transformation , latent semantic indexing , etc . ) * clustering methods ( similarity measures , mixture models , etc . ) * scalability issues * formal models and theory * handling different media ( text , images , sound , etc . ) * evaluation techniques besides these topics , the workshop covers all theoretical and methodological issues concerning information filtering . submissions describing innovative applications of information filtering are also encouraged . by bringing together industrial representatives with researchers , the workshop will * show how problems from industry present new research issues . * identify ways in which research results may be put in more widespread practice in an industrial setting . timetable april 6 , 1999 submission deadline may 3 , 1999 notification of acceptance may 24 , 1999 camera - ready copy due august 1 , 1999 workshop organization the workshop will be one full day , including invited talks , paper presentations , poster presentations , and numerous opportunities for discussion . depending on submissions , there will be joint sessions with the workshop """""""" text mining : foundations , techniques and applications """""""" on topics of common interest . participation in the workshop is limited according to ijcai regulations . all workshop participants have to register for the ijcai conference . the working notes of the workshop will be published online . submission procedure those interested in making a presentation should submit a full paper electronically either as a postscript or pdf to joachims @ ls8 . cs . uni-dortmund . de . the first page of submitted papers should include : title , author names and affiliations , a brief abstract . it should also name a designated contact person with his or her postal address , electronic mail address , telephone and fax number . submissions should not exceed 8 pages according to the ijcai formatting instructions and should be printable on 8 . 5 """""""" x 11 """""""" or a4 paper . those interested in participating in the workshop , but not submitting a paper , should submit a one-page abstract of their research interests in learning methods for information filtering . organizing committee thorsten joachims ( chair ) andrew mccallum universitaet dortmund just research fb informatik , ls8 4616 henry street baroper str . 301 pittsburgh , pa 15213 44221 dortmund , germany phone : ( 412 ) 683-9132 phone : + 49 231 755 5102 fax : ( 412 ) 683-4175 fax : + 49 231 755 5105 email : mccallum @ justresearch . com joachims @ ls8 . cs . uni-dortmund . de mehran sahami lyle ungar epiphany , inc . university of pennsylvania 2300 geng road dept of comp . and info . sci . palo alto , ca 94303 200 s . 33rd st . phone : ( 650 ) 496-2399 philadelphia , pa 19104-6389 fax : ( 650 ) 496-2431 phone : ( 215 ) 898-7449 email : sahami @ epiphany . com fax : ( 215 ) 898-0587 email : ungar @ cis . upenn . edu further information http : / / www-ai . cs . uni-dortmund . de / events / ijcai99-mlif
  """",0
  2253,""""Subject: student conference in linguistics
   
   call for papers student conference in linguistics 11 special theme : endangered languages keynote speaker : jonathan david bobaljik may 8 - 9 , 1999 the university of texas at austin the 11th annual student conference in linguistics will be held at the university of texas at austin may 8 - 9 , 1999 . scil is a student-run conference which aims to bring together graduate students from around the world to present their research and build connections with other students . the proceedings are published in the mit working papers in linguistics . we invite original , unpublished work in any area of linguistics . we would particularly like to encourage submissions which focus on endangered or underdescribed languages , in keeping with the conference theme . guidelines for submission : please submit ten copies of a one-page , 500 - word , anonymous abstract for a twenty-minute paper ( optionally , one additional page for data and / or references may be appended ) , along with a 3 """""""" by 5 """""""" card with : ( 1 ) your name , ( 2 ) your affiliation , ( 3 ) your address , phone number , and e-mail address , ( 4 ) the title of the paper , and ( 5 ) an indication of which subdivision of linguistics best describes the topic ( e . g . , phonetics , phonology , syntax , semantics , psycholinguistics , anthropological linguistics , computational linguistics , sociolinguistics , etc . ) the abstract should be as specific as possible , and it should clearly indicate the data covered , outline the arguments presented , and include any broader implications of the work . the deadline for receipt of abstracts is 5 : 00 pm , february 15 , 1999 . send abstracts to : scil 11 abstract committee department of linguistics 501 calhoun hall the university of texas at austin austin , texas 78712 e - mail abstracts will be accepted . please email us or consult our web page for detailed instructions . email abstracts should be submitted to scil @ ccwf . cc . utexas . edu by 5 : 00 pm , february 15 , 1999 . further information is available at http : / / ccwf . cc . utexas . edu / ~ scil / index . html questions can be directed to scil @ ccwf . cc . utexas . edu - ralph c . blight department of linguistics , the university of texas at austin http : / / ccwf . cc . utexas . edu / ~ gizzmo / index . html
  """",0
  2254,""""Subject: sociolinguistics symposium 2000
   
   haa27974 status : r university of the west of england , bristol ( uwe , bristol ) centre for european studies ( ces ) , faculty of languages and european studies ( les ) & school of sociology , faculty of economics and social sciences ( ess ) sociolinguistics symposium 2000 the interface between linguistics and social theory 27-29 april 2000 call for papers the sociolinguistics symposium 2000 is the thirteenth meeting of the sociolinguistics symposium which meets once every two years . this conference will focus primarily on the interface between linguistics and social theory , and it is hoped the meeting will contribute to further cooperation between the two disciplines . the conference welcomes papers from a range of different subject areas such as : language variation and change , language and gender , language and the media , discourse analysis , languages in contact , creole linguistics , intercultural communication , language and migration , social stratification of language , language development and other related topics . keynote speakers professor jack chambers ( toronto ) : leaders and laggers in the diffusion of changes professor david corson ( toronto ) critical realism : an emancipatory social philosophy for sociolinguistics professor pieter muysken ( leiden ) : radical modularity and the possibility of sociolinguistics professor shana poplack ( ottawa ) : the social context of linguistic variation ( working title ) professor ruth wodak ( vienna ) : does sociolinguistics need social theory ? new perspectives in critical discourse analysis provisional titles of colloquia language , nationalism and minority rights multilingualism and migration intercultural communication language contact along the language frontier discourse suggestions for other colloquia are welcome ( see deadline for applications on the back of this page ) . committee professor michael scriven ( dean , les , uwe , bristol ) professor alison assiter ( dean , ess , uwe , bristol ) mr felix bihlmeier ( associate dean ( resources ) , les , uwe , bristol ) dr susan price ( associate dean ( academic affairs ) of les , uwe , bristol ) dr carmen arnaiz ( uwe , bristol ) mrs kate beeching ( uwe , bristol ) mr john bird ( uwe , bristol ) professor jim coleman ( university of portsmouth ) professor nikolas coupland ( university of cardiff ) dr aidan coveney ( university of exeter ) dr helmut daller ( uwe , bristol ) professor roy harris ( university of oxford ) dr stephen may ( university of bristol ) dr tom osborne ( university of bristol ) dr mark sebba ( university of lancaster ) dr sali tagliamonte ( university of york ) dr jeanine treffers - daller ( uwe , bristol ) mr jem thomas ( uwe , bristol ) dr glyn williams ( university of wales at bangor ) deadlines the deadline for proposals of colloquia is : 1 june 1999 . the deadline for submission of abstracts is : 1 september 1999 . abstracts are welcomed for oral presentation ( 20 mins + 10 mins discussion ) or poster presentation . please send 4 hard copies , one of which contains your name and address , as well as an electronic version ( rich text format ) of the abstract to the address given below . for more information more information about the conference programme , the venue and the general organisation of the event can be found either on our website : http : / / www . uwe . ac . uk / facults / les / research / sociling2000 . html or at our addresses / numbers below : jessa karki / jeanine treffers - daller centre for european studies ( ces ) faculty of languages and european studies university of the west of england , bristol frenchay campus , coldharbour lane bristol , bs16 1qy , uk e - mail : jessa . karki @ uwe . ac . uk ( administrative matters ) jeanine . treffers - daller @ uwe . ac . uk ( academic affairs ) tel : + + 44 117 976 3842 , ext 2724 , fax : + + 44 117 976 2626
  """",0
  2255,""""Subject: review : torrego , the dependencies of objects .
   
   torrego , esther , ( 1998 ) , the dependencies of objects . linguistic inquiry monograph 34 . cambridge , massachusetts : the mit press . 197 pages . reviewed by alex alsina , universitat pompeu fabra ( barcelona ) . this book is a study of overtly case-marked objects in spanish that pays attention to similar phenomena in other languages , particularly other romance languages . it is well-known that direct objects , or accusative objects , in spanish , when expressed as full nps , or dps ( to use the author 's term ) , alternate between two forms depending on various semantic and syntactic properties : dps withouth any overt case morphology , and overtly case-marked dps . the overt case marker in question is the preposition """""""" a """""""" , which also marks dative objects . the study adopts the minimalist program , outlined by chomsky ( 1992 , 1994 , 1995 ) , as a framework for developing an analysis for the various phenomena under investigation . synopsis chapter 1 outlines the theoretical framework of the book and sketches the content of the subsequent chapters . chapter 2 presents the various generalizations that characterize spanish accusative objects marked by the dative preposition . among these generalizations are correlations between overt case-marking and specificity , between overt case-marking and telicity , between overt case-marking and an interpretation of the subject as an agent or a cause , etc . the common element in the explanation of all of these generalizations is the idea that the marked accusative object raises overtly to a position outside vp , to the specifier position of the functional category v , which takes the vp as its complement . for example , the two following facts are observed : marked accusative requires ( or may require ) a telic interpretation of the event which is absent with unmarked accusative objects , and an affected interpretation of the ( animate ) object requires overt case-marking on the object . it is suggested that objects moved outside the vp have a delimiting role for their predicates and , at the same time , the position to which objects moved , the spec of vp , is the locus of affectedness . thus , two different properties of overt case-marking would be made to follow from the idea that overtly case-marked objects in spanish undergo overt movement to spec of vp . likewise , the observation that overt case-marking on the object requires the subject to be interpreted as an agent or as a cause is linked to the idea that an overtly case-marked object is in spec-v p and to the hypothesis that the causative or agent role is assigned to the v - vp configuration . torrego proposes that there are two types of marked accusatives , one with structural case and the other with inherent case . marked accusative is inherent with causative and agentive verbs and those with affected objects , and is structural with other verbs . this theoretical difference is appealed to in order to account for an asymmetry with respect to extraction out of marked accusative objects : such extractions are ill-formed with the former class of verbs , but not with the latter . the presence of the extra structure created by the inherent case marker is a crucial element in the explanation of this contrast . chapter 3 examines variation in causative structures in spanish and argues that this variation is largely conditioned by case assignment . much of the discussion is based on a causative structure in which the causee appears between the causative verb """""""" hacer """""""" ' make ' and the infinitive . one of the goals of the chapter is to explain the restrictions on the """""""" faire-par """""""" causative in several spanish dialects . in these dialects , the """""""" faire-par """""""" causative is only fully acceptable in the following situations : ( 1 ) when an object clitic is present , or ( 2 ) when a reflexive clitic is present , and that , otherwise they are best with verbs identified as """""""" constructive accomplishments """""""" such as ' build ' or with case-marked objects . chapter 4 analyzes constructions with dative objects , both with ditransitive verbs and with unaccusatives . restrictions regarding constructions with two objects with identical case-marking are examined . the chapter also deals with contrasts between the presence and absence of doubling clitics . a comparison is made with the double object constructions in english . an analysis is presented of the contrast in raising constructions with 's eem ' between those without the dative argument ( acceptable ) and those with it ( unacceptable ) . conclusions are briefly summarized at the end . critical discussion this book is a mine of linguistic puzzles concerning objects , causative constructions , clitics , and related phenomena in spanish . it is of interest to anyone concerned with these matters , regardless of what analysis and what theoretical framework one may wish to adopt . this book is also of interest to linguists who want to find out how the minimalist program can be applied to a particular empirical domain . the author has done a great job of synthesizing the data and presenting generalizations that need to be explained . despite these positive aspects of the book , i experienced serious frustrations while reading it having to do with the data and with the analysis . data the problem with the data , which is a minor one compared to the other one , has to do with the fact that many of the data presented are alien to the varieties of spanish that i speak or am familiar with . naturally , i cannot claim to know all varieties of spanish , so i should not be surprised to discover data that do not belong to the spanish that i know . some examples follow . torrego presents a contrast in pp . 58-59 between """""""" a quienes ( les ) vieron ? """""""" and """""""" a quienes ( * los ) vieron ? """""""" , but both forms are equally ill-formed for me when the clitic ( the form in parentheses ) is included . the example """""""" la guerra los hizo subir """""""" in page 101 is claimed to allow only an animate reading for the clitic """""""" los """""""" , although for me it also allows an inanimate reading , but then this fact is claimed to hold only in spanish dialects where the pre-infinitival causee with """""""" hacer """""""" and an intransitive verb is attested , and i find this causative structure highly marginal ( examples such as """""""" la maestra hizo a los alumnos subir """""""" ) . and the construction exemplified by sentences such as """""""" me hizo pedir yo , """""""" which is analyzed in this book , is also alien to me . the main problem with these numerous discrepancies about the data is that it makes it hard to evaluate when a difference in the interpretation of the data is due to a difference in the data ( that may not be obvious ) or to a possible misanalysis of what actually is the same data . to illustrate this , consider the argument given in support of the claim that the structure embedded under """""""" hacer """""""" in a sentence like """""""" la guerra hizo subir los precios """""""" is a single unit ( p . 102 ) . torrego claims that standard constituency tests indicate that the sequence """""""" subir los precios """""""" in this sentence is a constituent and provides examples such as the following in support of this claim : ( 38 ) a . lo que la guerra hizo es subir los precios . what the war caused is to rise the prices d . que ha hecho la guerra sino subir los precios ? what has the war caused except rising the prices ? for me the translation of these sentences is not as indicated in the glosses , but rather as """""""" what the war did is to raise the prices . """""""" and """""""" what has the war done but raise the prices ? """""""" for ( 38a ) and ( 38d ) respectively . i would tend to believe that torrego is playing on the polysemy of """""""" hacer """""""" and """""""" subir """""""" . """""""" hacer """""""" can be either the causative verb meaning ' cause ' or ' make ' or the generic transitive verb translatable as 'd o ' , and """""""" subir """""""" can be either intransitive , equivalent to ' rise ' , or transitive , equivalent to ' raise ' . for the examples in ( 38 ) to be relevant to torrego 's claim , """""""" hacer """""""" must be causative and """""""" subir """""""" intransitive . what makes these exemples acceptable ( even though not perfect ) for me is that """""""" subir """""""" can be taken to be a transtive verb , whose unexpressed subject is coreferential with """""""" la guerra """""""" . but , under this interpretation , """""""" hacer """""""" would not be functioning as the causative verb , but as the counterpart of 'd o ' . what shows conclusively that , in my variety of spanish , this interpretation is right is that , if , instead of """""""" subir """""""" , we use a verb that only has an intransitive use , we get an unacceptable result . """""""" caer """""""" ' fall ' is such a verb : even though the sequence """""""" caer los precios """""""" can appear following the causative verb """""""" hacer """""""" , as in """""""" la guerra hizo caer los precios , """""""" it cannot appear as a focused or topicalized constituent of this verb , as we see in ( i ) . ( i ) a . * lo que la guerra hizo es caer los precios . what the war did / caused is to fall the prices b . * que ha hecho la guerra sino caer los precios ? what has the war done / caused except falling the prices ? > from this i would conclude that torrego 's data in ( 38 ) do not provide any evidence for the claim that a sequence such as """""""" subir los precios """""""" in a causative construction is a constituent , because those examples do not include the causative verb """""""" hacer """""""" . of course , i can only reach this conclusion for the variety of spanish that i am familiar with , where ( i ) is ungrammatical . but , for all i know , the examples in ( i ) could be grammatical in the variety of spanish analyzed by torrego , in which case my conclusion would not apply and the examples in ( 38 ) would constitute relevant evidence for the claim under investigation . analysis my second difficulty with this book is in the analysis ( or analyses ) provided . i have trouble understanding many of the analyses given : in many cases , i fail to derive the predictions that should follow from the analysis , i cannot tell what would constitute a counterexample to the analysis , i cannot figure out what role a given assumption plays in the analysis , etc . this could well be due to a deficiency on my part , but other readers might experience the same difficulties . next , i will point out some problem cases . 1 . chapter 2 of the book starts out with a list of six generalizations about marked accusative ( pp . 14-16 ) : ( 1 ) marked accusative can cooccur with doubling clitics in some dialects ( it is a necessary condition for clitic doubling ) , ( 2 ) marked accusative objects are interpreted as specific , ( 3 ) telicity requires marked accusative ( with animate objects ) , ( 4 ) the subject in a clause with a marked accusative object is an agent or a cause , ( 5 ) marked accusative is restricted to animates , and ( 6 ) affected animate objects require marked accusative . the indications given all along are that these generalizations will follow from a unified analysis . the main idea underlying this analysis is that an object with marked accusative raises to the specifier position of the functional category v , which takes a vp as its complement . ideally , an overt movement operation of this kind should have some testable effects on word order and all of the properties of the construction should follow straightforwardly from this operation . however , as torrego notes , there is no visible effect of object raising on word order , so that the motivation for the analysis rests entirely on how well it explains the generalizations listed above . and these generalizations are explained by attributing the various properties that correlate with overt case-marking to the spec of v - vp position on a one-by - one basis . for example , it is proposed that the spec of v - vp has a specific interpretation , that the presence of an object in spec of v - vp may shift the aspect of the predicate to a telic situation , that the presence of an object in spec of v - vp gives an agentive interpretation to the subject , etc . one wonders why this analysis should be preferable to one that attributes all of these properties directly to overt case-marking : in both cases , a one-by - one stipulation of those properties is required . it is not clear what the advantage is in attributing these properties to a special phrase structure position for which very weak evidence is given . 2 . in pp . 23 ff , torrego claims that there are two types of marked accusative : marked accusative of non-affected objects is structural case , whereas marked acusative of affected objects is inherent case . however , this claim is faced with a major problem that torrego notes , but then simply disregards . inherent ( or quirky ) case has the generally accepted property that it is preserved under passivization : an argument with inherent case does n't lose or change its case marking when its clause is passivized . genitive and dative case in icelandic are a good example of this , and dative case in spanish is also a good example of case marking that does not change from active to passive . however , the marked accusative case of affected objects in spanish is not preserved ( see relevant examples in p . 28 ) . torrego notes that , in contrast with spanish , some hindi dialects preserve the accusative """""""" - ko """""""" marking in passives , citing mohanan 1990 . torrego then goes on to say ( p . 29 ) : """""""" if the marked accusative of """""""" affected """""""" objects were inherent , overt marking in passivization could be preserved ( just as the marking of datives and genitives is preserved in icelandic passives ) . it remains to be seen whether relevant data from the dialects of hindi confirm this expectation . """""""" but the relevant data from the dialects of hindi does confirm this expectation , as the examples from mohanan 1990 ( also mohanan 1994 ) show . if we agree that we identify inherent case because its case marking is preserved under passivization , then we must conclude that marked accusative case is inherent in some dialects of hindi , because its case marking does not change under passivization , but is structural in the other dialects of hindi , where it does change under passivization . and we are forced to conclude that it is structural in spanish because it is not preserved under passivization . to ignore this evidence and still conclude that marked accusative case can be inherent case in spanish is to devoid the distinction between structural case and inherent case of the conceptual and empirical substance that it is standardly asociated with . and torrego does not explicitly reject this association . 3 . the agentivity effect of clauses with marked accusative is explained as follows : following a suggestion of chomsky 's ( 1995 ) , the causative or the agent role can be understood as the interpretation assigned to the v - vp configuration ; since marked accusative is assigned to objects that raise to spec of vp , the presence of marked accusative implies the existence of the v - vp configuration . therefore , whenever there is marked accusative , there must be an agentive or causative interpretation . but what happens with verbs that allow an alternation between marked and unmarked accusative on the object ? this should mean that such verbs should alternate between a v - vp configuration and some other configuration , but this second option is not spelled out . also , we have no way of knowing what consequences the presence or absence of the v - vp configuration has other than on overt case marking and on the corelation between overt case marking and other properties such as agentivity . 4 . in pp . 34 ff . , torrego tries to relate the idea that marked accusative on affected objects is lexical quirky case to grimshaw 's ( 1990 ) theory of quirky case - marking . in grimshaw 's theory , arguments at argument structure are ranked by prominence in two tiers : the aspectual tier and the thematic tier . adopting this theory , torrego proposes ( p . 36 ) that """""""" an argument ( subject or object ) can be lexically or quirky marked when it has thematic or aspectual prominence relative to the other argument . """""""" it is unclear how one is to interpret this proposal . prominence is a comparative property : a is more or less prominent than b . to say that a has prominence relative to b is either meaningless or would be true of any pair of arguments in an argument structure : it is necessarily true of any pair of arguments a and b of an argument structure that a is in a prominence relation to b . torrego goes on to state : """""""" the two arguments of an agentive telic transitive verb are both aspectually prominent . """""""" but this should be true of all transitive verbs . torrego goes on to conclude : """""""" this approach covers the fact that the object of only agentive and caustive verbs can or must be lexically or quirky case - marked , and also covers the fact that the overall phenomenon of marked accusative case happens with verbs that have agentive subjects . """""""" i fail to see how these predictions are derived . 5 . regarding the animacy restriction on overtly case - marked objects , torrego proposes that the term """""""" actor """""""" is more appropriate to characterize the class of nominals that appear in marked accusative than the term """""""" animate """""""" . the motivation for this terminological change is found in the existence of some expressions denoting inanimate entities that can take overt case - marking , as in the following example ( p . 55 ) : ( 45 ) el acido afecta ( a ) los metales . ' acid affects metals . ' ( i suspect that the presence of marked accusative in this example has more to do with the verb than with the semantics of the object . ) torrego does not propose a definition of """""""" actor """""""" , but refers the reader to jackendoff 's ( 1983 ) characterization of """""""" actor """""""" as the character in an action-type event that performs the action . given this characterization , it is hard to see how """""""" los metales """""""" ' the metals ' in example ( 45 ) can be interpreted as the argument that performs the action of the event ; what would """""""" el acido """""""" ' the acid ' be , then ? torrego goes on to say : """""""" the distinction between """""""" animates """""""" ( or """""""" actor """""""" - like nominals ) and """""""" inanimates """""""" does not appear to be semantic in nature . """""""" this is an odd claim to make , given that the notion of """""""" actor , """""""" which is proposed to replace """""""" animate , """""""" is given a semantic characterization . the motivation for this claim , however , is found in the fact that certain expressions , specifically proper names of humans , can be used to refer to anything , from a boat to a magazine to a can of beer , and always require overt case morphology , as in the following example : ( 46 ) esconde * ( a ) barbara . ' hide barbara . ' it is suggested that a purely morphological property underlies overt case - marking , although no indication is given as to what this morphological property might be . possibly the most robust generalization about overt case - marking of objects in spanish is that it is restricted to """""""" animates """""""" , even though there are problem cases such as example ( 45 ) and """""""" personified """""""" expressions such as ( 46 ) . because of these problems , torrego gives no explanation for the correlation between case - marking and animate interpretation and between absence of case - marking and inanimate interpretation that we see in pairs such as ( ii ) and ( iii ) : ( ii ) a . esconde a este . ( ' hide this one ( male animate entity ) . ' ) b . esconde este . ( ' hide this one ( inanimate entity ) . ' ) ( iii ) a . veremos a otra . ( ' we shall see another one ( female animate entity ) . ' ) a . veremos otra . ( ' we shall see another one ( inanimate entity ) . ' ) general remarks torrego often appeals to intuition in the exposition of the analysis and does not work out the details of the analysis . the following remark , very reminiscent of chomsky 's style , illustrates this point ( p . 139 , end of 3rd par . ) : """""""" whatever the details of this intuitive account are , the general approach seems quite plausible . """""""" if one does not work out the details of an account , it is not possible to derive predictions from it , and therefore the theory is unfalsifiable . this work by torrego is part of a move towards deriving explanations from very general and simple principles that interact in complex ways with each other . this move is a welcome one , but we should be careful that it does not land us in vagueness and imprecision . there is a style of explanation in which appeal is made to principles , often unstated or imprecisely stated principles , from which predictions are claimed to follow , but in which the derivation of predictions ( the logical steps from which predictions follow ) is not worked out and it is not possible to know what a prediction of the theory really is and what a counterexample to the theory might be . there is a danger that a reader of torrego 's """""""" the dependencies of objects """""""" might have the impression that the explanations in this book are of this style . to prevent this impression , torrego should have made a greater effort in terms of exposition ( even if it means leading the reader by the hand ) to show how the various predictions are derived . for that , it is necessary to state the crucial principles explicitly , as numbered items so the reader can refer to them easily , to make the assumptions about representations also explicit , and to give step-by - step derivations of the various predictions . references chomsky , noam . 1992 . a minimalist program for linguistic theory . mit working papers in linguistics , no . 1 . chomsky , noam . 1994 . bare phrase structure . mit occasional papers in linguistics , no . 5 . chomsky , noam . 1995 . the minimalist program . mit press . grimshaw , jane . 1990 . argument structure . mit press . jackendoff , ray . 1983 . semantics and cognition . mit press . mohanan , tara . 1990 . arguments in hindi . ph . d . dissertation , stanford university . mohanan , tara . 1994 . argument structure in hindi . stanford : csli publications . reviewer : alex alsina , professor titular d ' universitat , faculty of translation and interpretation , universitat pompeu fabra , barcelona , spain . ph . d . , stanford university , 1993 . research interests include syntax , morphology , morphosyntax , argument structure , linguistic theory . reviewer 's address : alex alsina facultat de traduccio i interpretacio universitat pompeu fabra la rambla , 30-32 08002 barcelona spain alex . alsina @ trad . upf . es
  """",0
  2256,""""Subject: journees de linguistique
   
   dernier appel de communication les xiiies journees de linguistique ( jdl ) se tiendront les 25 et 26 mars 1999 au pavillon alphonse - desjardins de l ' universite laval . les jdl est l ' un des colloques etudiants les plus importants en linguistique . les jdl permettent aux etudiants des etudes superieures , ainsi qu ' aux chercheurs de niveau postdoctoral , de presenter et de publier les resultats de leurs travaux en didactique des langues , en linguistique ou en traduction . depuis treize ans , les jdl ont permis a plusieurs dizaines d ' etudiants de presenter et de publier leur premiere communication . cette annee , les organisateurs comptent privilegier les communications qui sauront demontrer la multidisciplinarite des etudes sur les langues . les personnes interessees a participer aux jdl doivent soumettre leur proposition de communication avant le lundi 11 janvier 1999 . les communications sont d ' une duree maximale de 20 minutes et sont suivies d ' une periode de questions de 10 minutes . elles devront tre presentees en franais . les formulaires proposition de communication et resume de communication , joints au present document , devront tre dment remplis selon les instructions qui y figurent . les propositions de communication seront evaluees par un comite de lecture . finalement , les formulaires doivent tre accompagnes d ' un cheque de 15 , 00 $ ( remboursable , en cas de refus de la proposition par le comite ) a l ' ordre des journees de linguistique , montant couvrant les frais d ' inscription et de publication des actes . bien que la cosignature des articles avec les directeurs d ' etudes ou les professeurs soit permise , seuls les etudiants seront autorises a presenter des communications . les etudiants etrangers interesses a participer au colloque doivent communiquer avec les organisateurs dans les delais les plus brefs afin de s ' informer des modalites de deplacement et d ' hebergement et , le cas echeant , de l ' aide financiere disponible . pour obtenir plus d ' information ou pour acheminer vos propositions de communication par notre formulaire electronique , veuillez consulter le site web de l ' aedill : http : / / www . fl . ulaval . ca / lli / aedill / jdl . html ou communiquez avec les organisateurs des jdl : xiiies journees de linguistique association des etudiants diplmes inscrits en langues et linguistique ( aedill ) departement de langues et linguistique , bureau 2289 pavillon charles - de koninck universite laval quebec qc canada g1k 7p4
  """",0
  2257,""""Subject: natural language processing
   
   please find below the second call for papers for taln ' 99 ( traitement automatique du langage naturel ) ( french and english versions ) . thank you . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * | _ _ | / \ | | | \ | | | / / _ \ / _ \ * * | | / _ \ | | | \ | | | ( _ ) | ( _ ) | * * | | / _ _ _ \ | | _ _ _ | | \ | \ _ _ , | \ _ _ , | * * | _ / _ / \ _ \ _ _ _ _ _ | _ | \ _ | / _ / / _ / * * * * * * taln ' 99 * * traitement automatique du langage naturel * * * * institut d ' etudes scientifiques de cargese ( corse ) * * du 12 au 17 juillet 1999 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( see english version below ) taln ' 99 second appel a communications ( date limite : 31 janvier 1999 ) cargese ( corse ) du 12 au 17 juillet 1999 la sixieme edition de la conference sur le traitement automatique des langues naturelles ( taln ' 99 ) se tiendra , du 12 au 17 juillet 1999 , a l ' institut d ' etudes scientifiques de cargese , corse . etendue cette annee a une semaine , la conference comprendra des tutoriels et des ateliers thematiques . taln ' 99 est organisee sous l ' egide de l ' atala ( association pour le traitement automatique des langues ) et se tiendra conjointement avec la conference recital ' 99 ( appel a communications a paraitre separement ) . les langues officielles de la conference sont le francais et l ' anglais . themes les communications , d ' une duree de trente minutes , questions comprises , pourront porter sur tous les themes habituels du taln , incluant , de facon non limitative : lexique morphologie syntaxe semantique pragmatique discours analyse generation resume dialogue traduction automatique approches logiques , symboliques et statistiques taln ' 99 souhaite egalement accueillir des contributions de domaines proches dans lesquels le taln joue un role important , tels que : aspects cognitifs terminologie , acquisition de connaissances a partir de textes extraction d ' information recherche documentaire linguistique de corpus utilisation d ' outils de taln pour la modelisation linguistique enseignement assiste par ordinateur linguistique mathematique enfin , sont aussi attendus des travaux sur des applications du taln , specifiques , implementees et evaluees , faisant ressortir leurs aspects scientifiques et les enseignements tires . des demonstrations de systemes pourront etre proposees , en complement d ' articles scientifiques . l ' emploi du temps de la conference comprendra une session pour ces demonstrations . en outre , le comite de programme selectionnera parmi les communications acceptees deux articles pour publication ( dans une version etendue ) dans la revue traitement automatique des langues ( t . a . l . ) . calendrier date limite de soumission : 31 janvier 1999 notification aux auteurs : 12 avril 1999 version finale : 10 mai 1999 conference : 12-17 juillet 1999 criteres de selection les auteurs sont invites a soumettre des travaux de recherche originaux , n ' ayant pas fait l ' objet de publications anterieures . les soumissions seront examinees par au moins deux specialistes du domaine . seront considerees en particulier : - l ' importance et l ' originalite de la contribution , - la correction du contenu scientifique et technique , - la discussion critique des resultats , en particulier par rapport aux autres travaux du domaine , - la situation des travaux dans le contexte de la recherche internationale , - l ' organisation et la clarte de la presentation , - l ' adequation aux themes de la conference . les articles selectionnes seront publies dans les actes de la conference . modalites de soumission les soumissions seront anonymes ; elles ne devront donc comporter aucun nom d ' auteur ni auto-citation . les articles soumis ne devront pas depasser 10 pages en times 12 , espacement simple , soit environ 3000 mots , figures , exemples et references compris . une feuille de style latex et un modele word sont ou seront tres bientot disponibles sur le site web de la conference ( http : / / talana . linguist . jussieu . fr / taln99 / ) . les articles doivent parvenir au comite d ' organisation avant le 31 janvier 1999 , en trois exemplaires papier , et peuvent etre accompagnes d ' une version electronique . adresse electronique : taln99 @ linguist . jussieu . fr adresse postale : talana - ufrl - universite paris 7 case 7003 - 2 , place jussieu 75251 paris cedex 05 - france formats des soumissions electroniques : les soumissions electroniques doivent etre accompagnees d ' une soumission papier . les auteurs devront envoyer leur soumission en document attache a un courrier electronique adresse a taln99 @ linguist . jussieu . fr , avec pour titre """""""" taln submission """""""" . une page d ' identification separee ( contenant le titre de la communication , le nom , l ' affiliation , l ' adresse postale et electronique , le numero de telephone et de fax de l ' auteur ) devra egalement etre attachee . l ' un des formats suivants doit imperativement etre employe : - source latex auto-suffisant ( les styles non standards ou differents de ceux fournis pour taln ' 99 devront etre inclus dans le fichier source ) et postscript ou - rtf ( word ) et postscript important : les versions postscript doivent etre au format a4 , et non lettre us . informations pratiques les informations pratiques seront precisees ulterieurement , notamment sur le site web de la conference ( http : / / talana . linguist . jussieu . fr / taln99 / ) une reduction sera consentie aux membres de l ' atala . l ' inscription a l ' atala sera proposee conjointement a l ' inscription a taln ' 99 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - taln ' 99 second call for papers ( deadline : 31 . january 1999 ) cargese ( corsica , france ) 12 - 17 july 1999 the sixth conference on natural language processing ( taln ' 99 ) will be held at the institute for scientific studies at cargese , corsica , france , 12 . - 17 . july , 1999 . taln ' 99 will last a whole week , and will include both workshops and tutorials . taln ' 99 is organized under the auspices of atala ( association pour le traitement automatique des langues , association for nlp ) and will take place jointly with the recital ' 99 conference ( call for papers to be issued separately ) . the official languages of the conference are french and english . papers are invited for thirty minute talks , question period included , in all areas of nlp , including ( but not limited to ) : lexicon morphology syntax semantics pragmatics discourse parsing text generation abstraction / summarization dialogue machine translation logical , symbolical and statistical approaches taln ' 99 also welcomes submissions from fields for which nlp plays an important role , as long as those submissions emphasize their nlp dimension . cognitive aspects terminology , knowledge acquisition information extraction documentary retrieval corpus linguistics management and acquisition of linguistic resources computer assisted learning mathematical linguistics nlp tools for linguistic modelization also , taln ' 99 invites submissions focusing on nlp applications which have been implemented , tested and evaluated and emphasizing the scientific aspects and conclusions drawn . demos can also be proposed , in addition to a standard paper . a scheduled session for these demos is planned as part of the conference . moreover , the programme committee will select two papers among the papers accepted . an extended version of these two papers will be published in the journal """""""" traitement automatique des langues """""""" ( t . a . l . ) . calendar submission deadline : 31 . january 1999 notification to authors : 12 . april 1999 final version due : 10 . may 1999 conference : 12 . - 17 . july 1999 selection authors are invited to submit original , previously unpublished research work . submissions will be reviewed by at least two specialists of the domain . decisions will be based on the following criteria : - importance and originality of the paper - soundness of the scientific and technical content - comparison of the results obtained with other relevant work - clarity of the exposition - relevance to the topics of the conference accepted papers will be published in the proceedings of the conference . submission procedure submissions will be anonymous , and should therefore not include the author 's name , nor any self-reference . their maximum length is ten pages , in times 12 , single spaced ( approx . 3000 words ) , including figures , examples and references . a latex style file and a word template are or will be shortly available on the web site of the conference ( http : / / talana . linguist . jussieu . fr / taln99 / ) . three hard-copies of the paper must be received by 31 . june 1999 . authors are also encouraged to send an electronic version of their paper . email address : taln99 @ linguist . jussieu . fr postal address : talana - ufrl - universite de paris 7 case 7003 - 2 , pl . jussieu 75251 paris cedex 05 - france guidelines for electronic submission : electronic submissions must be accompanied by a standard , mail submission . authors should send their submission ( neither compressed nor encoded ) via email as an attached file to taln99 @ linguist . jussieu . fr , specifying """""""" taln submission """""""" as the subject . a separate identification page ( with the following information : title of the paper , author 's name , affiliation , postal address , email address , fax and telephone number ) should also be attached . papers must be sent in one of the following formats : - self-contained latex source ( including non standard or non taln ' 99 styles ) and postscript version . or - rtf ( word ) document and postscript version . important : all the postscript versions must be in a4 format , and not us letter . practical information practical information will be detailed shortly on the conference web site ( http : / / talana . linguist . jussieu . fr / taln99 / ) and in a further call . please note that members of the atala association will benefit from reduced registration fees . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - comite de programme / programme committee : pascal amsili , talana ( paris ) ( president / chairman ) anne abeille , talana ( paris ) nicholas asher , university of texas ( austin ) philippe blache , lpl ( aix - en - provence , france ) christian boitet , clips-geta ( grenoble ) andree borillo , erss ( toulouse ) pierrette bouillon , issco ( geneve ) myriam bras , irit ( toulouse ) jo calder , ccs & hcrc ( university of edinburgh ) beatrice daille , irin ( nantes ) laurence danlos , talana ( paris ) dominique estival , university of melbourne claire gardent , universitat des saarlandes ( saarbr | ck ) damien genthial , clips-trilan ( grenoble ) benoit habert , ens fontenay ( fontenay - aux - roses , france ) pierre isabelle , diro ( montreal ) christian jacquemin , iut de nantes daniel kayser , lipn ( paris ) geert - jan kruijff , univerzita karlova ( praha ) eric laporte , ceril , universite de marne - la - vallie piet mertens , ccl k . u . leuven detmar meurers , universitat tuebingen georges moracchini , universite de corse , corte fiammetta namer , universite de nancy ii ( france ) cecile paris , csiro ( sidney ) sous reserve / to be confirmed patrick paroubek , limsi ( paris ) jean - marie pierrel , loria ( nancy , france ) alain polguere , universite de montreal patti price , sri international ( menlo park , canada ) sous reserve / to be confirmed owen rambow , cogentex ( ithaca , ny ) philip resnik , university of maryland gerard sabah , limsi ( paris ) louisa sadler , university essex ( colchester , uk ) max silberztein , grelis ( besangon ) evelyne tzoukermann , bell - labs ( murray hill , nj ) sous reserve / to be confirmed jacques vergne , greyc ( caen , france ) jean veronis , lpl ( aix - en - provence ) bernard victorri , elsap ( caen , france ) eric wehrli , latl ( geneve ) annie zaenen , xrce ( grenoble ) remi zajac , carnegie mellon university , pittsburgh , sous reserve / to be confirmed pierre zweigenbaum , diam ( paris ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - comite d ' organisation / organizing committee anne abeille pascal amsili ( president / president ) marie - helene candito patrick caudal lionel clement laurence danlos veronika gendner kim gerdes sylvain kahane alexandra kinyon manuela leahu laurent roussarie et les autres membres de l ' equipe talana and the other members of the talana team * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * taln ' 99 * * mailto : taln99 @ linguist . jussieu . fr * * http : / / talana . linguist . jussieu . fr / taln99 * * talana - ufrl - universite paris 7 * * case 7003 - 2 , place jussieu til . : ( 33 ) 1 44 27 53 70 * * 75251 paris cedex 05 - france fax : ( 33 ) 1 44 27 79 19 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  2258,""""Subject: studia linguistica , vol 52 ( 1998 )
   
   blackwell publishers are pleased to announce that the latest issue of studia linguistica is now available and contains the following articles : volume 52 , december 1998 realizations of syntactic agreement in american sign language : similarities between the clause and the noun phrase c . neidle , b . bahan , d . maclaughlin , r . lee , j . kegl focus , checking theory and fronting strategies in romanian v . motapanyane on presupposition and ( non ) coreference j . - m . authier two kinds of reconstruction w . lechner studia linguistica is committed to the publication of high quality , original papers and provides an international forum for the discussion of theoretical linguistic research , primarily within the fields of grammar , cognitive semantics and language typology . the principal aim is to open a channel of communication between researchers operating in traditionally diverse fields while continuing to focus on natural language data . edited by : christer platzack and jan - olof svantesson , university of lund , sweden issn : 0039-3193 , 3 times a year , volume 53 , 1999 subscription rates for 1999 institutional rate : 107 ( uk / europe ) ; us $ 172 ( n . america ) ; 119 ( rest of world ) personal rate : 43 ( uk / europe ) ; us $ 63 ( n . america ) ; 43 ( rest of world ) lsa rate : 34 ( uk / europe ) ; us $ 50 ( n . america ) ; 34 ( rest of world ) for more information about studia linguistica please visit our web site at : www . blackwellpublishers . co . uk / asp / linguist . asp
  """",0
  2259,""""Subject: linguistic form and social action , mdia vol . 13
   
   the editorial staff of michigan discussions in anthropology , vol . 13 , are pleased to announce the publication of """""""" linguistic form and social action """""""" . with this issue of michigan discussions in anthropology we join linguistically oriented anthropologists and anthropologically attuned linguists who have , since the days of sapir and malinowski , regarded language as constitutive of culture . we believe , however , that although linguistic terminology has become part of our common critical language , too often it merely serves as metaphor . theorists may deploy it to explain macro cultural phenomena but bypass the opportunity to examine linguistic form . in the past decade the call has come again to create a theoretical site encompassing fine-grained linguistic analysis and the broader concerns of cultural anthropology , in which grammar plays a key role in structuring social fields . the papers in mdia volume 13 , contributed by junior and senior scholars with ties to the linguistic anthropology program at the university of michigan , explore this set of issues from a range of theoretical and methodological perspectives . this volume is edited by graduate students affiliated with linguistic anthropology at the university of michigan . the program , established by the department of anthropology in 1990 , emphasizes the ethnographic analysis of language within the larger context of social theory . we seek to preserve the sense in which language is simultaneously a formal system and one which is pragmatically deployed . central to this mission is a belief that the core concerns of cultural anthropology , increasingly involving the analysis of 'd iscourse , ' ' representations , ' and 's ocial action , ' must also integrate analysis of linguistic form . the papers in this volume integrate linguistic data and ethnographic description and demonstrate rich microanalysis while attending to the larger cultural context and to history . while the articles stand on their own as examples of a new synthesis of approaches to the study of linguistic form and social action , we also hope that as a whole this volume will provoke further discussion of the theory and practice of linguistically-oriented anthropology and ethnographically-influenced linguistics . for ordering information , please respond to this email , or visit : http : / / www-personal . umich . edu / ~ jherron / mdia13 . html contents """""""" introduction """""""" jennifer dickinson and mandana limbert """""""" married to dukha : discourse analysis of a newar woman 's narrative of suffering """""""" laura kunreuther """""""" the power of the drunk : humor and hegemony in china 's tibet """""""" char makley """""""" ritual language and social memory in a chinese secret sworn brotherhood """""""" jean debernardi """""""" do you want to go forward ? turn back ! etymology as national defense in the ' new ' europe """""""" penelope papailias """""""" sounding country in urbanizing texas : private speech in public discourse """""""" barbara johnstone """""""" purity and power : the geography of language ideology in ukraine """""""" laada bilaniuk """""""" pearls on the string of the chinese nation : pronouns , plurals , and prototypes in talk about identity """""""" susan blum """""""" on the dialogic emergence of ' resistance ' : participation framing and collusion in a prison exit interview """""""" james herron """""""" negotiating meaning with the least ( collaborative ) effort """""""" lesley milroy """""""" time , not the syllables , must be counted ' : quechua parallelism , word meaning , and cultural analysis """""""" bruce mannheim
  """",0
  2260,""""Subject: review : cook : case grammar applied
   
   walter a . cook . s . j . ( 1998 ) """""""" case grammar applied """""""" a publication of the summer institute of linguistics and the university of texas at arlington , 1998 , 271 pages reviewed by tania avgustinova , university of saarland . synopsis the book is intended as a companion volume to """""""" case grammar theory """""""" ( 1989 ) by the same author , and is devoted to the application of the model developed in this earlier publication to english text analysis . this in particular means that the main stress of the present work is on methodological issues , which are presented on an extended textual analysis of hamingway 's """""""" the old man and the sea """""""" . the actual goal of the discussed monograph is twofold : for the grammar - to present a method for sentence semantics which describes the meaning underlying each simple sentence ; for the lexicon - to present a method for further defining each sense of each verb / predicate in terms of semantic classes ( case-frame - based typology ) . each clause in its underlying structure is reduced to a kernel sentence which is defined as a simple complete active-voice affirmative statement . all texts are reduced to a sequence of kernel sentences the model used is the case grammar matrix model . it presents a clear predicate-argument structure , builds a lexicon which distinguishes various verb senses , and not only describes arguments occurring in the text , but through covert roles , describes implicit arguments . this model is supplemented by the use of conceptual graphs , following sowa ( 1984 ) . each verb type has a generalised conceptual graph to indicate the predicate-argument structure ; and each example in the text contains the canonical graph of that sentence using the verb and nouns as concepts , and case labels as the verb-to - noun relations . the book is organised in the following way . chapter 1 ( pp . 1-54 ) presents the case grammar matrix model in summary form and introduces conceptual graph representation . the next four chapters treat verbs / predicates in four distinguished semantic domains . chapter 2 ( pp . 55-90 ) deals with the basic domain that includes all state , process , and action verbs which use only the agent and object cases . chapter 3 ( pp . 91-126 ) deals with the experiential domain , the domain of sensation , emotion , cognition , and communication . it involves state , process , and action verbs which include an experiencer case in their descriptions . chapter 4 ( pp . 127-42 ) deals with the benefactive domain , the domain of possession and transfer of property , and describes state , process , and action verbs that include a benefactive case . chapter 5 ( pp . 143-82 ) deals with the locative domain , the domain of physical location and movement , and describes state , process , and action verbs that include a locative case . chapter 6 ( pp . 182-220 ) deals with other elements involved in the logical representation of sentences , including tense , aspect , modals , performatives , and negatives , showing how these elements may be included in the logical structure , and ending with a sample sentence parse using case grammar . chapter 7 ( pp . 221-46 ) summarises the analysis of more than 500 examples in chapters 2 through 5 and demonstrates the verbal hierarchy expressed by the twelve cells of the case grammar matrix , organised by verbal domain , verb type , and argument structure . each of the verb types is described together with its conceptual graph , its frequency of occurrence , its subtype , and its defining characteristics . the appendix to the text contains an alphabetical lexicon , listing all of the verbs / predicates in the examples together with their case frames ( pp . 247-52 ) , and a case lexicon , with the verbs sorted by case frame together with references for each verb to the pages where the use of the verb is exemplified ( pp . 253-60 ) . finally , there is a list of references ( pp . 261 - 6 ) , and an index ( pp . 267-71 ) . critical evaluation case grammar ( cg ) works with labelled predicate-argument structure , and thus , in its core , belongs to the dependency grammar paradigm . cg develops a semantic valence system that describes the logical form of a sentence in terms of a central predicate ( usually and typically a lexical verb , but also a predicate adjective , a predicate noun , or a predicate adverb ) and a series of case-labelled arguments ( nominal , adverbial ) required by the meaning of that predicate . so , the type of case considered in the book is ' governed case ' , and in fact , nothing is said about the way cg model would treat ' concordial case ' - cf . , e . g . , blake ( 1994 ) for a detailed discussion of these notions . there is no case concord in english and , hence , the challenges posited by ' concordial case ' are trivially out of the scope of the presented analysis ( which is based exclusively on english data ) . the ambition of the proponents of cg is to develop a semantic interpretation system that is universal across languages , and not tied to the syntax of any particular sentence . on the basis of the presented extensive data analysis it is claimed that the five case labels used in the work ( i . e . agent , object , experiencer , benefactive , and locative ) are necessary and sufficient for the description of all the verbs / predicates in the language ( in this case english ) . the possibility of creating different lists of cases is left open , whereby full translatability is theoretically expected between any consistent list of cases and the one employed in the cg matrix model . both the predicate and its arguments are viewed as concepts ( i . e . the conceptual universe is made up of verbs which describe states or events , and nouns which describe things ) , while the case role labels indicate relations ( which arguments bear to their predicates ) . cg is written in conceptual graph format by placing the concepts ( predicates , arguments ) in boxes and relations ( case roles ) in circles . the arrows in the notation point away from the predicate which is the source of the case relations . an advantage of such an approach is the possibility of defining the default position of the lexical predicate in its case frame , i . e . with respect to the arguments it governs . in the discussed book , a fairly credible ontology of predicators is achieved by hierarchically sorting them according to domain as basic , experiential , benefactive , locative , ( and possibly ) time , and within each domain as state , process , action . further sub-classification of the predicates is based on the number or the position of the arguments . the resulting hierarchical taxonomy is similar to a thesaurus in which all entities are organised into semantic domains . the organisation of the semantic domains is worked out in detail and with precision . the question of case inventory is central to cg , as well as to any theory working with the notion of case . also methodologically , a clear distinction must be made between essential cases , which are required by the meaning of the predicate , and modal case , which are mainly adverbial adjuncts . only essential cases can be used for describing predicates . despite of the lack of universal agreement on the number of case role labels or the way in which they are defined , the author gives a clear step-by step method , accompanied by various concrete tests , how to simplify in practice the case assignment . thus , the labelling is deferred until three basic questions are answered : how many arguments are required by the verb ? what verb type - state , process , or action - is in the structure ? to what semantic domain does the verb belong ? then , the naming of the arguments can be simplified by a set of principles , in combination with a set of tactics for the formation of case frames . within case frames , cases are listed left-to - right according to a subject choice hierarchy ( agent - experiencer - benefactive - object - locative ) which is merely a generalisation covering the unmarked choice . marked choices which violate the subject choice hierarchy are indicated in the lexicon by changing the order of cases in the case frame . possible variations involve """""""" equatives """""""" ( in copular constructions ) , regarded in this model as double - object frames in the basic domain , and rank shifts in the subject choice hierarchy . in the lexicon , predicators are classified according to case frames . the case frame is understood as a configuration of one to three cases that are required by the meaning of the verb ( or more generally , the predicate ) . let us remind , however , that , in lexical semantics research , cases are known where the frame would contain up to five slots . a famous example is the verb ' to rent ' ( russian : arendovat ' - cf . apresjan ( 1974 ) p . 134 ) involving the following arguments : ( 1 ) who , ( 2 ) what , ( 3 ) from whom , ( 4 ) for how much , ( 5 ) for how long . special attention is devoted to the possibility of lexicon organisation in terms of derivations intended both to represent linguistic generalisations and to simplify the lexicon ( sections 1 . 13 - 1 . 15 ) . however , the method followed in the work is listing each item separately and supplementing the lexicon with redundancy rules that relate these lexical entries to each other . also , each sense of each predicate is treated as a separate item with its own case frame . in order to set the guidelines for applied cg textual analysis , a concise introduction to the principles of lexical decomposition and to the interpretation of covert case roles is given . lexical decomposition is understood as the process of analysing predicates as consisting of more basic atomic predicates . with some sentences this is unavoidable for determining the actual predicate-argument structure . covert case roles , which are required by the meaning of the predicate , are sometimes ( as in the case of partially covert ( deletable ) case roles ) or always ( as in the case of totally covert ( coreferential and lexicalised ) case roles ) missing in the surface structure . since the cg analysis advocated for in this book maintains the obligatory object hypothesis , covert roles assume greater importance . in all cases where the object role can be sometimes deleted , or can be coreferential with another role , or can be lexicalised into the predicate , a deeper analysis is needed to find the obligatory object . certainly , the lexicalisation of the manifestation of propositional , essential roles is of primary interest in the context of revealing the central predicate in a sentence . the assumption that a predicate , even with covert ( hidden ) case role , has to be defined in terms of its full complement of case roles requires a clear distinction between deletable , coreferential and lexicalised roles . the author offers in this respect not only theoretical background but also concrete tests , procedures and instructions to guide and facilitate practical analysis . two methodological principles are postulated ensuring that all conceptual relations flow from the central verb , and that deletable roles are included in case descriptions . a major asset of the book is , with no doubt , the extensive textual analysis performed with precision , consistency and conformity to the postulated principles and theoretical assumptions . the limits of the approach are realistically recognised by the author , and are stated explicitly in the appropriate places throughout the presentation . the reader will find a well-developed and detailed ontology of predicates , which covers not only verbs but also predicative adjectives , predicative nouns and predicative adverbs . the most important linguistic phenomena are considered in a systematic and easy-to - follow way . this makes the book a valuable guide to a practical sentence analysis , as well as a useful reference material for research purposes and computer applications . references apresjan , jurij d . 1974 : leksicheskaja semantika . sinonimicheskie sredstva jazyka . moskva : nauka blake , barry j . 1994 : case . cambridge textbooks in linguistics . cook , walter a . , s . j . 1989 : case grammar theory . washington , d . c . : georgetown university press . sowa , john f . 1984 : conceptual graphs : information processing in mind and machine . reading , mass . : addison - wesley . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = tania avgustinova , ph . d . computational linguistics , university of saarland postfach 151150 , 66041 saarbruecken , germany tania @ coli . uni-sb . de , http : / / www . coli . uni-sb . de / ~ tania / ( + 49 ) ( 681 ) 302 . 4504 ( phone ) ( + 49 ) ( 681 ) 302 4115 ( secretary ) ( + 49 ) ( 681 ) 302 . 4700 ( fax )
  """",0
  2261,""""Subject: intern . journal of the sociology of language ( ijsl ) 133 ( 1998 )
   
   international journal of the sociology of language issue 133 ( 1998 ) americans in europe - a sociolinguistic perspective : probes in northern and western europe edited by gabrielle varro and sally boyd mouton de gruyter * berlin * new york this issue looks into the daily lives of americans in europe , the contacts they establish as permanent residents , how they cope with their new languages , whether they maintain english and transmit it to their children , how attitudes and self-perceptions change over time according to national , social , and family contexts . it is a unique attempt to analyze the sociological , historical , political , and linguistic backdrop against which their experience should be understood : whether living as part of the local scenery ( ` mixed ' couples ) or as americans in residence , they are individuals who in some instances are seen to reflect the particular status of the us in the world . contents gabrielle varro and sally boyd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . introduction . probing the background sally boyd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . north americans in the nordic region : elite bilinguals ? sirkku latomaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . english in contact with ` the most difficult language in the world ' : the linguistic situation of americans living in finland elizabeth lanza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . raising children bilingually in norway pierre - don giancarli . . . . . . . . . . equilinguisme ou dominance ? le bilingualisme d ' enfants de couples franco-americains en france et en angleterre gabrielle varro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . does bilingualism survive the second generation ? three generations of french - american families in france susan fries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . different phases : a personal case study in language adjustment and children 's bilingualism david antal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a linguistic odyssey : one family 's experience with language shift and and cultural identity in germany and france anne - sophie perriaux . . . . . . . . . . le qualificatif ` americain ' dans quelques textes francais ( 1975-1990 ) book review _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mouton de gruyter walter de gruyter , inc . postfach 30 34 21 200 saw mill river road d-10728 berlin hawthorne , ny 10532 germany usa fax : + 49 ( 0 ) 30 26005-351 fax : + 1 914 747-1326 email : mouton @ degruyter . de publications by de gruyter can also be ordered via world wide web : http : / / www . degruyter . com
  """",0
  2262,""""Subject: american journal of germanic linguistics , 10 . 1
   
   the american journal of germanic linguistics , 10 . 1 , has been mailed to subscribers . it contains : articles simplifying latin in notker 's classroom : tradition and innovation by anna a . grotans the future of _ for to _ by elly van gelderen the attributive genitive in early new high german : a semantic analysis by ruth lunt lanouette discussion note some thoughts on konrad koerner 's """""""" einar haugen as a historian of linguistics """""""" by tom markey obituary daniel t . brink , jr . ( 1940-1997 ) by karen l . adams & robert bjork review article soziolinguistik or sociolinguistics : can the great divide be bridged ? p . stevenson , ed . , _ the german language and the real world _ reviewed by jennifer dailey - o'cain & rosina lippi - green reviews c . fortmann , _ konstituentenbewegung in der dp - struktur _ reviewed by holden hrtl r . l . lippi - green & j . c . salmons , eds . , _ germanic linguistics _ reviewed by orrin w . robinson l . wright , _ sources of london english _ reviewed by willard james rusch m . clyne , ed . , _ undoing and redoing corpus planning _ reviewed by roland willemyns for more information ( including the toc of 10 . 2 , now in production ) , please visit our web site : http : / / www . germanic . ohio-state . edu / sgp / .
  """",0
  2263,""""Subject: call : csdl - 4
   
   call for abstracts the fourth conference on conceptual structure , discourse , and language ( csdl - 4 ) october 10-12 , 1998 emory university atlanta , georgia invited speakers for theme sessions on : - > functional and cognitive approaches to the study of first language acquisition nancy budwig ( clark university ) michael tomasello ( max planck inst . for evolutionary anthropology ) third speaker - - tba - > grammatical constructions : form and function joan bybee ( university of new mexico ) talmy givon ( university of oregon ) brian macwhinney ( carnegie mellon university ) a special poster session on - > discourse and computer - mediated communication will be held during the conference sponsored by the georgia institute of technology ( georgia tech ) . a pre-conference symposium will be held on friday evening , october 9 , on - > primate communication . the following invited speakers will discuss the research they are conducting at the yerkes regional primate research center of emory university : harold gouzoules dario maestripieri susan savage - rumbaugh . what to submit we invite papers which consider functional principles of linguistic organization , and the interaction between language and cognition . priority will be given to papers which examine both the cognitive and discourse functions of linguistic phenomena . specific areas of inquiry at the conference will include , but not be limited to : lexical and grammatical meaning conversational practice form and function discourse analysis conceptual structure iconicity in language metaphor as a cognitive phenomenon language change and grammaticalization language acquisition social interaction and grammar sentence processing we also invite abstracts for the special poster session on discourse and computer - mediated communication ( cmc ) . specific areas of inquiry at the session will include , but not be limited to : cmc as a force in linguistic and cognitive change specialized lexical and typographic registers of cmc emergent communication norms in cmc discourse analysis of cmc discourse styles in the virtual classroom and virtual communities continuities between cmc and other discourse genres gender differences in cmc cmc and nonlinear thinking abstracts for 20 - minutes papers or the special-topic poster session may be a maximum of one page . at the top of the abstract ( if by e-mail ) or on a separate page ( if on paper ) , please include title of paper author name ( s ) and affiliation ( s ) topic area ( from the list above or whatever seems appropriate ) e-mail address paper mailing address submission deadline : abstracts must be received by march 16 , 1998 . where to submit : we strongly prefer e-mail submissions . abstracts for 20 - minute papers for the main session should be e-mailed in ascii form to : < csdl - 4 @ learnlink . emory . edu > . abstracts for the poster session on discourse and cmc should be e-mailed in ascii form to : < wendy @ cc . gatech . edu > . please use """""""" abstract """""""" as your subject header . if you are submitting more than one abstract , please e-mail each separately . if you prefer to use regular mail , send four copies of your abstract for the main conference for the poster session on session to : discourse and cmc to : csdl - 4 abstracts poster session abstracts program in linguistics c / o wendy newstetter callaway center 312s edutech institute emory university georgia inst . of technology atlanta , ga 30322 , usa atlanta , ga 30332-0280 , usa inquiries : for more information , visit the conference web site forthcoming in february at < http : / / www . emory . edu / college / linguistics / csdl / > . e-mail inquiries : csdl - 4 @ learnlink . emory . edu chair of the organizing committee : alan cienki e-mail : lanac @ emory . edu phone : 404-727 - 2689
  """",0
  2264,""""Subject: cognitive morphology
   
   call for papers cognitive morphology workshop 2 - 4 july 1998 , university of ghent , belgium the belgian cognitive linguistics research group organizes a workshop on cognitive linguistic approaches to morphology . the workshop aims to bring together researchers who work on morphology within a cognitive linguistic framework , or within a framework compatible with the cognitive linguistic approach . the workshop will focus on derivational rather than on inflectional morphology . invited speakers who have so far agreed to attend the workshop include john taylor , david tuggy , and jaap van marle . topics of specific interest include : . polysemy of morphemes . iconicity in derivation and composition . network analyses of morphological productivity . basic morphological categories and typological universals . the interface of storage and computation in morphology . cognitive morphology and related theories . we would like to invite you to contribute to this workshop with a paper . if you want to present an original paper dealing with any aspect of derivation or composition within the framework of cognitive morphology , send an abstact ( max . 300 words ) to the following address : christof . vandeneynde @ rug . ac . be hard copies can be sent to : christof vanden eynde nederlandse taalkunde universiteit gent blandijnberg 2 9000 gent belgium fax : + + 32 / ( 0 ) 9 / 264 . 41 . 70 the deadline for submission of the abstracts is march 1 1998 . potential speakers whose paper has been accepted will be notified before april 1 . in priciple , presentations are limited to 45 minutes ( 30 minutes + 15 minutes discussion ) . the organization of the workshop is supported by the flemish research council ( fwo - vlaanderen ) . for all active participants in the workshop , funding will be available . we cannot yet , however , determine the available sum at this point . in order to achieve maximum interaction during the workshop , the number of participants may have to be restricted . if you intend to attend the workshop without presenting a paper , please inform the organizers before march 1 . if you have any further questions , contact one of the organisers : christof vanden eynde vakgroep nederlandse taalkunde universiteit gent blandijnberg 2 9000 gent belgium tel : + + 32 / ( 0 ) 9 / 264 . 40 . 76 fax : + + 32 / ( 0 ) 9 / 264 . 41 . 70 e-mail : christof . vandeeynde @ rug . ac . be prof . dr . dirk geeraerts departement linguistiek k . u . leuven blijde - inkomststraat 21 b-3000 leuven belgium tel : + + 32 / ( 0 ) 16 / 32 . 48 . 15 fax : + + 32 / ( 0 ) 16 / 324767 e-mail : dirk . geeraerts @ arts . kuleuven . ac . be website : http : / / locutus . arts . kuleuven . ac . be / ling /
  """",0
  2265,""""Subject: 2nd flexible hypertext workshop
   
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the 2nd international flexible hypertext workshop : standards and evaluation held in conjunction with the 7th international world wide web conference ( www7 ) brisbane , australia - - - 14 april 1998 http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / conf / flexht98 / workshop theme : with the explosion of information on the world wide web comes the need to provide more flexible mechanisms for delivering information to the user . that is , we require mechanisms which can modify documents on-the - fly in order to take the user 's needs into account . static hypertext documents suffer from an inability to be all things to all people ; document and multimedia authors must write multiple documents for different users rather than a single document which can dynamically modify its content in order to address a particular user 's knowledge or the context of delivery . this workshop is intended as an inter-disciplinary exploration into flexible hypertext systems . flexible hypertext systems are systems which can present different users with different views of the same hypertext network , or which can dynamically create the hypertext network and the content of the documents at the nodes of that network at run-time . this workshop aims to draw together a number of research groups taking different approaches to flexible hypertext systems , in order to promote the cross-fertilisation of ideas and highlight the prospects for future collaboration . the target research areas include ( but are not limited to ) : - information retrieval and filtering : the use of information retrieval or other techniques to determine the relevance of the nodes within a static hypertext network for the individual user . that is , the content of the documents remain static , but links to other documents are flexible . - adaptive hypertext : the adaptation of an existing hypertext network of documents to a model of the user . that is , providing flexible document content and flexible views of a static hypertext network . - dynamic hypertext : employing text generation or other techniques to dynamically create both the hypertext network and the documents within the network as the user requests them . the hypertext network does not exist in any form ; it is built dynamically . some related events which have been held in the past include : - flexible hypertext workshop , held at the the eighth acm international hypertext conference ( hypertext ' 97 ) . ( http : / / www . mri . mq . edu . au / ~ mariam / flexht / ) - intelligent educational systems on the world - wide web , held in conjunction with the 8th world conference on artificial intelligence in education ( ai-ed97 ) . ( http : / / www . contrib . andrew . cmu . edu / ~ plb / aied97 _ workshop / ) - workshop on adaptive systems and user modeling on the world wide web , held in conjunction with the sixth international conference on user modeling ( um ' 97 ) . ( http : / / zaphod . cs . uni-sb . de / ~ um97 / ws5 . html ) - workshop on user modelling for information filtering on the world wide web , held in conjunction with the fifth international conference on user modeling ( um ' 96 ) . ( http : / / www . cs . su . oz . au / ~ bob / um96 - workshop . html ) - workshop on adaptive hypertext and hypermedia held in conjunction with the fourth international conference on user modeling ( um ' 94 ) . ( http : / / www . education . uts . edu . au / projects / ah / ah-94 . html ) more information about adaptive hypertext systems can be found at http : / / www . education . uts . edu . au / projects / ah / workshop focus : there has been a significant amount of research in this area over the past five years ( see workshop theme for more information ) , but two recurring issues have become increasingly important , and these will be the focus of this workshop : - standards : with the increasing popularity of the world wide web and the growing market for flexible document delivery systems , we need to develop standards for these systems in order to encourage and facilitate their use more widely on the world wide web . in order to develop such standards it is first important to more clearly define the requirements for such systems : what does it mean for a system to be a flexible , adaptive or dynamic hypertext system ? following on from these requirements , which techniques are important in flexible hypertext systems ? finally , can we design a standard architecture for flexible hypertext systems which can be re-used widely ? - evaluation : one of the key issues which arose from the first flexible hypertext workshop and which has been aired again recently on the adaptive hypertext mailing list is the importance of the evaluation of flexible hypertext systems . in particular , since the main goal of these systems is to maximise the suitability of a document to the user 's knowledge and needs , evaluation is an essential aspect in the development of these systems . however , very little research has been done which confirms the advantages of such systems or which demonstrates how this might be done . workshop format : the workshop will run for one full day on 14 april . the number of attendees will be limited to 20 in order to encourage participation in workshop discussions . participation will be on the basis of submitted position papers or by invitation . the workshop will include a limited number of paper presentations and general group discussions . group discussions will focus on the issues raised in the position papers , as well as on some focus questions . a workshop dinner will also be organised to encourage informal discussion . the programme will include : welcome and introduction workshop sessions consisting of : 1 to 2 position paper presentations ( 15-30 minutes ) , and group discussion on the issues raised ( 30-60 minutes ) closing : planning for post-workshop activities conclusions and wrap - up workshop dinner the proceedings will be compiled into a technical report after the workshop . position papers : we invite position papers describing demonstrated techniques for improving the flexibility of hypertext documents . we are particularly interested in papers which present innovative solutions to providing flexible hypertext documents , and those which address the need for building standard architectures and evaluation techniques for such systems . we are also interested in receiving papers assessing the benefits and downfalls of providing flexible documents , and papers of a more speculative nature which focus on the future of flexible hypertext systems . those aspects of the paper which are important for discussion in the workshop should be clearly outlined in the paper . papers should be 3 - 5 pages long , and should be put up on the web . if you do n't have access to a web server , then some space will be allocated for you . electronic submission of the url address of the position paper will be preferred , although papers submitted as ascii ( html ) or postscript will be accepted . to submit a position paper , send the url address and an ascii version of the paper itself to : mariam @ mpce . mq . edu . au if this is not possible , please send hard copies to : maria milosavljevic csiro mathematical and information sciences locked bag 17 north ryde nsw 2113 australia important dates : 27 february 1998 : submission of position papers 13 march 1998 : notification of acceptance or rejection 27 march 1998 : camera - ready copies due before the workshop , all attendees will be able to access the position papers from the web . we strongly encourage attendees to read these before the workshop . programme committee : maria milosavljevic ( chair ) , macquarie university , australia . peter brusilovsky , carnegie mellon university , usa . robert dale , macquarie university , australia . paul de bra , eindhoven university of technology , the netherlands . kristina hook , swedish institute of computer science , sweden . judy kay , university of sydney , australia . jon oberlander , university of edinburgh , scotland . cecile paris , csiro mathematical and information sciences , australia . julita vassileva , university of saskatchewan , canada for more information : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - maria milosavljevic mri language technology group macquarie university sydney nsw 2113 australia email : mariam @ mpce . mq . edu . au tel : ( + 61 2 ) 9850 6345 fax : ( + 61 2 ) 9850 9529
  """",0
  2266,""""Subject: final call : esslli98 - workshop corpus annotation
   
   esslli-98 workshop on recent advances in corpus annotation august 17 - 21 , 1998 a workshop held as part of the 10th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli-98 ) august 17 - 28 , 1998 saarbrueken , germany * * final call for papers * * organizers : hans uszkoreit , brigitte krenn , wojciech skut , thorsten brants ( department of computational linguistics , university of the saarland ) web site : http : / / www . dcs . warwick . ac . uk / ~ esslli98 / workshops . html background : the use of statistical methods and particularly training from annotated corpora has become an important topic in various fields in computational linguistics . currently available corpus resources are rather small except for english , and largely restricted to the annotation of parts-of - speech and phrase structure . the workshop is intended to bring together researchers who create reusable annotation schemes , annotation tools , and corpora for different languages and kinds of language , representing information such as morphology , syntax , semantics , dialoge structure , etc . papers should address some of the following topics : - reusable and extendable annotation schemes , - efficient annotation of large corpora , - current work on annotation tools , - interaction of human annotators and automatic annotation tools , - representation of competence and performance information within annotated corpora , - other related topics . presentations of annotation schemes and corpora for various languages are encouraged , as well as demonstrations of implemented annotation tools . workshop format : the workshop will consist of five sessions of 90 minutes each held over five days . there will be either two or three presentations at each session with time for questions and discussion . submissions : all researchers in the field , but especially ph . d . students and young researchers , are encouraged to submit extended abstracts ( 6 pages , 12pt ) preferably by e-mail and in postscript . on an extra page , the following information should be included : 1 . name , affiliation , address , e-mail of the submitter ( s ) . 2 . an indication which of the themes is / are addressed . 3 . an abstract of the paper . 4 . if applicable , requirements for a demo . e - mail submissions shall be sent to krenn @ coli . uni-sb . de . hard copies shall be sent to : brigitte krenn universitaet des saarlandes computerlinguistik postfach 1150 66041 saarbruecken germany the deadline for submissions is february 15 , 1998 . authors will be notified of acceptance by april 15 , 1998 . final copy for inclusion in the informal workshop proceedings is due may 15 , 1998 . registration : workshop contributors will be required to register for esslli-98 , but they will be elligible for a reduced registration fee . important dates : feb 15 , 98 : deadline for submissions apr 15 , 98 : notification of acceptance may 15 , 98 : deadline for final copy aug 24 , 98 : start of workshop further information : to obtain further information about esslli-98 please visit the esslli-98 home page at http : / / www . coli . uni-sb . de / esslli
  """",0
  2267,""""Subject: chinese languages & linguistics - deadline change
   
   the sixth international symposium on chinese languages and linguistics iscll vi many iscll6 participants have expressed their concern over the fact that both iacl - 7 / naccl-10 and iscll6 have chosen 12 / 31 / 1997 as deadline for abstracts . iscll6 organizing committee has thus decided to extend the submission deadline from december 31 , 1997 to january 20 , 1998 . general session - - theoretical and descriptive linguistics on chinese and languages spoken in china theme - - agreement deadline for abstracts - - january 20 , 1998 notification of acceptance - - february 25 , 1998 deadline for full papers - - may 10 , 1998 conference date - - july 14-16 , 1998 conference site - - international academic activities center , academia sinica sponsored by - - institute of linguistics ( preparatory office ) academia sinica institute of history and philology , academia sinica contact - - c . - c . jane tang secretary of organizing committee institute of linguistics ( preparatory office ) academia sinica nankang , taipei , taiwan 115 republic of china tel - - \ 161 \ 207886 - 2-652 - 3127 \ 161d \ 161 \ 207886 - 2-652 - 3179 fax - - \ 161 \ 207886 - 2-652 - 3162 e - mail - - iscll @ gate . sinica . edu . tw
  """",0
  2268,""""Subject: dialog ' 98 - - computational linguistics
   
   dialogue ' 98 international workshop on computational linguistics and its applications kazan ( russia ) , may 31 - june 4 , 1998 dear colleagues , we are glad to inform you about dialogue ' 98 , an international annual workshop on computational linguistics and its applications , which will take place this year in may 31 - june 4 , near kazan ( tatarstan , russian federation ) . dialogue ' 98 should become fourth international workshop in row of dialogue ' 95 kazan dialogue ' 96 puschino dialogue ' 97 yasnaya polyana reviving the tradition of the interdisciplinary dialogue seminars which were regular national events in the ussr during 70s - 80s . the workshop is an annual meeting place for a dialogue : a ) between researchers from different fields that are related to computational linguistics ( linguists , computer and cognitive scientists , psychologists , researchers in the artificial intelligence ) ; b ) between researchers from the former ussr and from the international community . topics of interest include ( but are not limited to ) : * theoretical and cognitive linguistics * syntax , semantics , pragmatics and their interaction * systems for natural language processing * dialogue and speech act * problems of natioanl localization of natural language processing * natural language front-ends * natural language understanding and model of object domain * voice interaction with computer * knowledge representation and processing the number of participants is expected about 100 . every prospective attendee is required to submit a short research summary including relevant recent publications , regular and e-mail address , fax and phone numbers . participants who wish to present their work are additionally required to submit a poster ( 3 - 4 double-spaced pages , 6 - 8 kb ) or a full paper ( not exceeding 12 double - spaced pages , 24 kb ) . please send submissions preferably via e-mail ( in plain ascii or uuencoded winword files ) to the aldress of the program committee before march 1 , 1998 . submissions in russian and english are equally accepted . submissions in russian should be accompanied with a short summary in english ( approximately 100-200 words ) . we plan to organize selected english - to - russian and russian - to - english translation of talks . addresses for all correspondence : e-mail : dialog98 @ bull . nmd . msu . ru snail mail : dialogue ' 98 russian instititue for artificial intelligence p . o . box 111 , moscow , 103001 , russia . important dates : deadline for submission : march 1 , 1998 notification of acceptance : march 20 , 1998 final paper due : march 30 , 1998 in the field of computational linguistics in russia the dialogue workshops became regular annual events which attract leading researchers from the former ussr as well as other countries . we hope that dialogue ' 98 will continue this tradition . program committee : alexander s . narin ' yani , program chair ( russian institute of artificial intelligence ) christian boitet ( grenoble university ) rais . g . bukharajev ( kazan state university ) ilya n . gorelov ( saratov state university ) alexander e . kibrik ( moscow state university ) igor a . mel ' chuk ( montreal university ) sergei nirenburg ( new - mexico state university ) haldur oim ( tartu university ) dmitrij a . pospelov ( computer center of russian academy of sciences ) secretariate : natalya i . laufer , ( russian institute of artificial intelligence ) olga . v . fedorova , ( moscow state university ) organizing committee : rais . g . bukharajev ( kazan state university ) - the chairman djavdet sulejmanov ( kazan state university ) - the vice - chairman il 'd us hajbullin ( tatarstan academy of science ) nail ' zamov ( kazan state university ) information for contacts in kazan : 420008 tatarstan , kazan kremlevskaja str . , 35 kazan state university , vmk faculty , djavdet sulejmanov email : djavdet . suleymanov @ ksu . ru tel . / fax : ( 843 - 2 ) 38-75 - 91 if you have questions about the workshop , please send e-mail letters to the above-mentioned addresses . please , share this information letter with people you think it may concern .
  """",0
  2269,""""Subject: the native tongue
   
   call for papers university of paris 7 - denis diderot 19-21 march 1999 international conference the native tongue / la langue maternelle deadline for receipt of abstracts : 30 may 1998 invited speakers : henri meschonnic , regine robin , rachel ertel , stella baruk , charles melman , morris halle , antoine culioli , claire blanche - benveniste abstracts are invited for 30 - minute talks on any sociolinguistic , psycholinguistic or psychoanalytic aspect of the relationship of speakers to the mother tongue , whether in a multicultural-multilingual setting or in a context of language substitution , language attrition , language loss or language revival . the role of language in the structuring of the self will also be considered . papers may be presented in french or in english authors are asked to send : * four ( 4 ) copies of an anonymous abstract * one additional camera-ready copy with the author 's name and affiliation ( to be published in the hand-book if the paper is accepted for presentation ) . abstracts should be no more than one page ( a4 or letter size ) in length , with an additional page for references if necessary . please include one more page containing : * the title of the paper * the name and affiliation of the author ( s ) , * the primary author 's postal address , e-mail address , telephone number , and fax number . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - new : we have decided to accept electronic submissions provided you use word 5 or 6 for mac or pc - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - papers presented at the conference will be published in the form of a special issue of a major french journal ( negociations are underway ) and presentation implies consent to such publication . all abstracts should be sent to : marina yaguello / cyril veken ufr d ' etudes anglophones , universite paris vii 10 , rue charles v 75004 paris , france requests for information ( e mail only ) should be addressed to maya @ paris7 . jussieu . fr < marina yaguello > or veken @ paris7 . jussieu . fr < cyril veken > our web site is now open and will be updated regularly http : / / www . charlesv . cicrp . jussieu . fr / charlesv / colloc _ chv / maternel . html schedule : submission of abstracts : 30 may 1998 notification of acceptance : 30 september 1998 final camera ready copy due : 1 february 1999
  """",0
  2270,""""Subject: 2nd announcement isb2
   
   2nd international symposium on bilingualism 14-17 april , 1999 university of newcastle upon tyne , uk keynote speakers michael clyne ( monash ) francois grosjean ( neuchatel ) monica heller ( oise , toronto ) carol myers scotton ( south carolina ) colloquia 1 . cross - linguistic studies of language acquisition ( marilyn m . vihman : m . vihman @ bangor . ac . uk and ginny mueller gathercole : v . c . gathercole @ bangor . ac . uk ) 2 . bilingual cognitive processing ( david green : ucjtdg @ ucl . ac . uk ) 3 . input in bilingual acquisition ( annick de houwer : vhouwer @ uia . ua . ac . be and elizabeth lanza : elizabeth . lanza @ ilf . uio . no ) 4 . neurolinguistics and acquired communication disorders in bilinguals ( franco fabbro and nick miller : nicholas . miller @ ncl . ac . uk ) 5 . sign bilingualism ( clare gallaway : gallaway @ fs1 . ed . man . ac . uk ) 6 . grammar and codeswitching ( jeanine treffers - daller : j-treffersdaller @ wpg . uwe . ac . uk , ad backus : backus @ ling . ucsd . edu and jacomine nortier : jacomine . nortier @ let . ruu . nl ) 7 . sociolinguistics of bilingual interaction ( ben rampton : ben . rampton @ tvu . ac . uk , mukul saxena : m . saxena @ ucrysj . ac . uk and li wei : li . wei @ ncl . ac . uk ) 8 . trilingualism and trilinguals ( charlotte hoffman : c . hoffman @ mod . lang . salford . ac . uk ) round - table bilingualism and communication disorders : implications for speech & language therapy ( chair : deirdre martin : martinm @ edusrv1 . bham . ac . uk ) invitation to participants submissions are invited for oral or poster presentations , on all aspects of bilingualism . papers which are based on empirical research and which seek to forge new links between established fields ( e . g . linguistics , psychology , speech & language pathology , sociology , and education ) or to develop new sub-fields are particularly welcome . contributors to the colloquia and round-table should contact the organisers informally as indicated above . all submissions will be peer-reviewed , anonymously , and selected on the grounds of originality , clarity , and significance of findings and conclusions . submission of abstracts each submission should include : 1 ) a cover sheet containing ( a ) the author ( s ) name ( s ) ; ( b ) address ( including telephone number , e-mail and fax , if available ) ; ( c ) affiliation ; ( d ) the title of the presentation ; ( e ) the category of the submission ( oral presentation at parallel session or poster presentation ) ; and ( f ) equipment required for presentation ; and 2 ) three copies of an abstract of no more than 500 words . only hard-copies are considered ( no e-mails pleases ) . abstracts should be sent , by 31 august , 1998 , to : mrs gillian cavagan , isb organising committee , department of speech , university of newcastle upon tyne , ne1 7ru , uk , fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 191 222 6518 , from whom further details may also be obatined ( e - mail : gillian . cavagan @ newcastle . ac . uk ) . important dates : 31 january , 1998 : 2nd announcement 30 august , 1998 : deadline for submission of abstract 31 october , 1998 : notice of acceptance 1 january , 1999 : closing date for registration preparations for presentation each oral presentation should not exceed 20 minutes . it will be followed by 5 minutes discussion . while we cannot predict the size of the audience in parallel sessions at this stage , you are asked to prepare at least 50 copies of any materials you wish to hand out in support of your presentation . audio - visual materials will need to be suitable for use in a large lecture theatre . ohp will be available in all rooms . other equipment can be arranged by advanced written request . video tapes should be in pal system . we may ask some of the presenters to submit a full written copy of their paper in advance for sign language translation . instructions on poster presentation will be sent to you at a later date .
  """",0
  2271,""""Subject: 2nd cfp : ijhcs special issue
   
   call for papers the international journal of human - computer studies will publish a special issue on the theme collaboration , cooperation and conflict in dialogue systems = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = this special issue is devoted to theoretical and empirical studies of cooperation and collaboration in dialogue systems , addressing problems specific to dialogue management . it is associated with the workshop on the same theme held at ijcai-97 in nagoya but seeks submissions from all researchers who have been working on the topic , not just the workshop participants . work on autonomous cooperative systems has shown the importance of collaboration in different domains : besides collaborating with users to provide requested information and to solve their problems , the systems should also be able to collaborate with other specialist intelligent systems ( as in multi-agent infrastructures , for example ) . also , research in natural language dialogue has brought new insights about collaboration : how mutual belief is established in dialogue ( and , consequently , task ) fulfillment , as well as how to cooperate to enable successful communication between the conversants . the notions of cooperation and collaboration are closely related to each other , but likely not the same : cooperation is one of the design principles for dialogue systems , but such systems do not necessarily collaborate with the user . to what degree is cooperation necessary for collaboration and how does it appear in dialogue ? cooperation turns into benevolence if the agent attempts to fulfill the partner 's goals without questioning their contextual relevance , but this is not necessarily collaboration . on the other hand , if the agents pursue their own goals without considering those of their partners or the joint task , their actions can hardly be described as cooperative or collaborative . this special issue concentrates on human-human and human-computer communication , and on the ways cooperation and collaboration are manifested in these situations : how the partners jointly construct dialogue acts , infer non-explicitly expressed intentions , negotiate appropriate references , generate cooperative answers , co-produce utterances , give feedback , help each other in task achievement , etc . since collaboration and cooperation are also related to conflict situations , arising from misunderstandings , erroneous perception , partial knowledge , false beliefs , etc . , submissions that examine how cooperation and collaboration work in solving conflicts , and how the partners negotiate to reach a mutually acceptable resolution are also welcome . we encourage submissions on different aspects of cooperation and collaboration , addressing especially one or more of the following research issues : - how can we define """""""" collaborative dialogues """""""" ? are all dialogues collaborative ? how do corpus studies back up the classification ? - what kind of individual commitments are needed for collaboration ? how do social settings ( roles , acquaintance ) affect communication and collaboration ? how are these commitments and settings represented in a dialogue model ? - what is the role of cooperation in collaborative dialogue ? can collaborative activity include benevolent or uncooperative behaviour ? does collaboration require sincerity ( e . g . , can cheating be collaborative ) ? - how does collaboration contribute to conflict resolution and recovery from misunderstandings ? how can costs and benefits of collaboration be measured ? - how is collaboration and cooperation related to task performance ? what mechanisms are needed to combine collaborative task plans with dialogue contributions ? - how can cooperation / collaboration principles and mechanisms be expressed in formal , computational models of communication or interaction ? how can these models be implemented ? - is collaboration the main issue to problems in dialogue management ? what are the solutions , future research problems ? both theoretical and more practically oriented papers are welcome , but we encourage papers that provide real-world examples of collaboration , cooperation and conflict , and compare multiple ways of addressing the problems that arise . submission of papers full paper submissions to the special issue should be in the ijhcs format . information for the ijhcs authors can be found at : http : / / ksi . cpsc . ucalgary . ca / ijhcs / ijhcs _ ia . html to help to coordinate the review process , authors who intend to submit are asked to send a short statement of intention to submit to david sadek one month prior the deadline . the deadline for submissions is march 16 . submissions should preferably be sent as postscript files by email to : david . sadek @ cnet . francetelecom . fr if this is not possible , send six ( 6 ) hardcopies to david sadek at the address : david sadek france telecom cnet - dih technopole anticipa - 2 , avenue pierre marzin 22307 lannion cedex - france in either case , the authors should also send a separate electronic title and abstract page ( in plain text format ) to david . sadek @ cnet . francetelecom . fr the submissions will undergo the usual ijhcs reviewing process taking into account the requirements of the special issue . each paper will be reviewed by 3 reviewers who are members of the scientific board . authors of submitted papers will also be asked to act as referees for other submissions . the reviewers will judge the submissions primarily along the following dimensions : relevance , significance , originality , clarity , technical soundness , and overall quality of presentation . important dates november 1997 call for papers february 16 statement of intent to submit march 16 submission deadline june 15 notification of acceptance august 15 final papers due special issue editors : kristiina jokinen atr , japan kjokinen @ itl . atr . co . jp david sadek france telecom , cnet , france david . sadek @ cnet . francetelecom . fr david r . traum university of maryland , usa traum @ cs . umd . edu special issue scientific board : james allen , university of rochester , usa jens allwood , university of g \ """""""" { o } teborg , sweden michael baker , university lyon ii , france jennifer chu - carroll , bell laboratories , usa patrick healey , atr , japan graeme hirst , university of toronto , canada masato ishizaki , ntt , japan karen lochbaum , us west , usa susan mcroy , university of wisconsin - milwaukee , usa david novick , eurisco , france candace sidner , lotus development corporation , usa more information : updated information on the special issue as well as the ijcai workshop is available at : http : / / www . cs . umd . edu / ~ traum / cccinds / general information on ijhcs is available at : http : / / ksi . cpsc . ucalgary . ca / ijhcs
  """",0
  2272,""""Subject: acl workshop on translingual information management
   
   acl / coling-98 workshop on translingual information management current levels and future abilities august 16 , 1998 ( following acl / coling-98 ) university of montreal , montreal ( quebec , canada ) call for papers description - - - - - - - - - - the development of natural language applications which handle multi-lingual and multi-modal information is the next major challenge facing the field of computational linguistics . over the past 50 years , a variety of language-related capabilities has been developed in areas such as machine translation , information retrieval , and speech recognition , together with core capabilities such as information extraction , summarization , parsing , generation , multimedia planning and integration , statistics-based methods , ontologies , lexicon construction and lexical representations , and grammar . the next few years will require the extension of these technologies to encompass multi-lingual and multi-modal information . extending current technologies will require integration of the various capabilities into multi-functional natural language systems . however , there is today no clear vision of how these technologies could or should be assembled into a coherent framework . what would be involved in connecting a speech recognition system to an information retrieval engine , and then using machine translation and summarization software to process the retrieved text ? how can traditional parsing and generation be enhanced with statistical techniques ? what would be the effect of carefully crafted lexicons on traditional information retrieval ? this workshop is a follow-on to an nsf - sponsored workshop held in conjunction with the first international conference on language resources and evaluation in granada , spain ( may 1998 ) , at which an international panel of invited experts will consider these questions in an attempt to identify the most effective future directions of computational linguistics research - - especially in the context of the need to handle multi-lingual and multi-modal information . the follow-on acl workshop is intended to open the discussion to the computational inguistics community as a whole . the workshop will include ample time for discussion . a report summarizing the discussions at granada will be available before the acl workshop . topics - - - - - the workshop will focus on the following fundamental questions : 1 . what is the current level of capability in each of the major areas of the field dealing with language and related media of human communication ? 2 . how can ( some of ) these functions be integrated in the near future , and what kind of systems will result ? 3 . what are the major considerations for extending these functions to handle multi-lingual and multi-modal information , particularly in integrated systems of the type envisioned in ( 2 ) ? in particular , we will consider these questions in relation to the following areas : o multi-lingual resources ( lexicons , ontologies , corpora , etc . ) o information retrieval , especially cross-lingual and cross-modal o machine translation o automated ( cross-lingual ) summarization and information extraction o multimedia communication , in conjunction with text o evaluation and assessment techniques for each of these areas o methods and techniques ( both statistics-based and linguistics - based ) of pre-parsing , parsing , generation , information acquisition , etc . we invite submissions which report on work in these areas . all papers should clearly identify how the work addresses the issues and questions outlined above . submissions - - - - - - - - - - only hard-copy submissions will be accepted . authors should submit six ( 6 ) copies of the full-length paper ( 3500-5000 words ) . submissions should be sent to : nancy ide department of computer science vassar college 124 raymond avenue poughkeepsie , new york 12604-0520 usa style files and templates for preparing submissions can be found at http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / styles . html the official language of the conference is english . important deadlines - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - submission deadline : march 23 , 1998 notification date : may 15 , 1998 camera ready copy due : june 15 , 1998 scientific committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - charles fillmore university of california berkeley , usa robert frederking carnegie mellon university , usa ulrich heid ( tentative ) university of stuttgart , germany eduard hovy information sciences institute , usa nancy ide vassar college , usa lauri karttunen ( tentative ) rank xerox research , france kimmo koskenniemi ( tentative ) university of helsinki , finland mun kew leong national university of singapore joseph mariani limsi / cnrs , france mark maybury the mitre corporation , usa sergei nirenburg ( tentative ) new mexico state university , usa akitoshi okumura ( tentative ) nec , japan martha palmer university of pennsylvania , usa james pustejovsky brandeis university , usa peter schaueble eth , switzerland oliviero stock irst , italy felisa verdejo uned , spain piek vossen university of amsterdam , netherlands wolfgang wahlster dfki , germany organizers - - - - - - - - - robert frederking , carnegie mellon university , usa eduard hovy , isi , university of southern california , usa nancy ide , vassar college , usa information - - - - - - - - - - information on the workshop can be found at http : / / www . cs . vassar . edu / ~ ide / translingual . html inquiries may be addressed to the organizers : robert frederking < ref @ nl . cs . cmu . edu > eduard hovy < hovy @ isi . edu > nancy ide < ide @ cs . vassar . edu >
  """",0
  2273,""""Subject: 6th international symposium on social communication - - cuba
   
   sixth international symposium on social communication santiago de cuba january 25-28 , 1999 the applied linguistics center of ministry of science , technology and environment in santiago de cuba , sponsored by the linguists association of cuba , the santiago de cuba higher institute for the medical sciences and the university of oriente , is pleased to announce the sixth international symposium on social communication to be held in santiago de cuba , january 25-28 , 1999 . this international event will focus on social communication processes from the points of view of applied linguistics , computational linguistics , cybernetics , medicine and the mass media . papers and posters will be discussed at workshops within the framework of the following disciplines : 1 . applied linguistics spanish and foreign languages teaching , translations , scientific terminology , sociolinguistics , psycholinguistics , phonetics . papers related to ethnology , folklore and other aspects of social communication will also be admitted under this field . international workshop : lexicological and lexicographic researchs . 2 . computational linguistics this symposium will discuss work on software design related to : lexicological , lexicographic and grammatical research . the compilation of automated monolingual , bilingual and phraseological dictionaries . other uses of computational linguistics . international workshop : automatic tagging of textual corpora . 3 . voice processing artificial intelligence applied to voice analysis , synthesis and recognition . signal processing . artificial intelligence . different type of hardware and software and their use in the devising and developing of voice-processing equipment . voice - processing equipment . their use in informatics , acoustic analysis , and as aid for the hearing and sight impaired . voice - processing research related to """""""" cry analysis """""""" . 4 . medical specialties related to pathological processes which use speech and voice analysis . presentations on research results showing the effects of the use of words and communication for the treatment of various illnesses . interdisciplinary treatment of logophoniatric patients with vocal tract disorders . results of investigations related to diagnoses of central nervous system diseases through the cry analysis method . international workshop : prespeech development and language acquisition . 5 . mass media language in the mass media . other aspects of interest santiago de cuba , located at some 900 kms from havana , is cuba 's second largest city due to its economic , cultural and social importance . santiago is also the capital of the province with the same name . surrounded by the green mountains of the sierra maestra range and the caribbean sea , santiago is unique in its geography and beautiful landscape . its surroundings make the city one of the most important touristic attractions on the entire island . the organizing committee , in coordination with the city 's tourist agencies will offer visiting delegates a host of options allowing participants to enjoy the city 's beauty and charm . important reminders june 30 , 1998 : submission of summaries september 1th , 1998 : deadline for paper and reports january 25-28 1999 : sixth international symposium all mail or enquiries should be addressed to : dr . eloina miyares bermudez secretaria ejecutiva comite organizador apartado postal 4067 . vista alegre santiago de cuba 4 , cuba , 90400 telefonos : ( 53-226 ) 42760 , ( 53-226 ) 41081 fax : ( 53-226 ) 41579 e - mail : leonel @ lingapli . ciges . inf . cu home page : http : / / wwwseti . cs . utwente . nl / parlevink / cuba . also at : http : / / www . univ-tlse 2 . fr / gril / cuba . html official languages : spanish and english . inscription fee : $ 130 . 00 usd companions $ 70 . 00 usd
  """",0
  2274,""""Subject: a workshop on text , speech and dialog ( tsd ' 98 )
   
   first announcement and call for papers a workshop on text , speech and dialog ( tsd ' 98 ) brno , czech republic , 23-26 september 1998 the workshop is organized by the faculty of informatics , masaryk university , brno , and the faculty of applied sciences , university of west bohemia , pilsen , under the auspices of the dean of the faculty of informatics of masaryk university . please visit the workshop 's homepage : http : / / www . fi . muni . cz / tsd98 / venue brno , czech republic topics tsd ' 98 will be concerned with topics in the field of natural language processing , in particular : - corpora , texts and transcription - speech analysis , recognition and synthesis - their intertwining within nl dialog systems . topics of the workshop will include ( but are not limited to ) : - text corpora and tagging - transcription problems in spoken corpora - sense disambiguation - links between text and speech oriented systems - parsing issues , especially parsing problems in spoken texts - multilingual issues , especially multilingual dialog systems - information retrieval and text / topic summarization - speech modeling - speech segmentation - speech recognition - text - to-speech synthesis - dialog systems - development of dialog strategies - assistive technologies based on speech and dialog - applied systems and software program committee baudoin genevieve ( france ) ferencz attila ( romania ) hanks patrick ( great britain , chair ) hermansky hynek ( usa ) kopecek ivan ( czech republic ) matousek vaclav ( czech republic ) mueller johannes ( germany ) noeth elmar ( germany ) pala karel ( czech republic ) pavesic nikola ( slovenia ) schukat - talamazzini e . guenter ( germany ) skrelin pavel ( russia ) organizing committee bartek ludek batusek robert komarkova dana ( secretary ) e-mail : dkomar @ fi . muni . cz kopecek ivan ( chair ) e-mail : kopecek @ fi . muni . cz matousek vaclav pala karel smrz pavel staudek jan zackova eva ( principal contact ) e-mail : glum @ fi . muni . cz zizka jan submission of papers abstracts of no more than 500 words [ plain ascii text only , please ] should be submitted to the following e-mail address on or before may 15 , 1998 : glum @ fi . muni . cz submissions should include , in addition to the abstract itself , the name of the author ( s ) , affiliation , address , telephone number , fax number , and e-mail address . electronic submissions will be acknowledged by e-mail , so please contact us if no acknowledgement is received . acceptance of submissions will likewise be notified by e-mail . accepted papers will be published in the proceedings of tsd ' 98 . authors of abstracts that are accepted will be requested to send their papers in postscript form ( in llncs format ) to the above by e-mail before august 17th . latex word processor is preferred but not required . format instructions ( and llncs latex format ) will be sent to authors together with the notification of acceptance . requests for participation will be processed on a """""""" first come first served """""""" basis . important dates friday , may 15 , 1998 . . . . . submissions of abstracts due tuesday , june 30 , 1998 . . . . . notification of acceptance sent to the authors monday , august 17 , 1998 . . . . . final papers ( camera ready ) due wednesday , september 23 , 1998 . . . . . . workshop date fees and costs registration fee : 80 . - usd ( includes proceedings , refreshments , social events and trip ) accommodation and food : double room ( shared with other participant ) : 130 . - usd single room : 190 . - usd the full cost of the workshop will therefore be either 210 , - usd or 270 , - usd , depending on whether accommodation is shared . further details will be announced later . official language the official language of the event will be english , but papers on issues relating to text and speech processing in languages other than english are strongly encouraged . address all correspondence regarding the workshop should be addressed to : dana komarkova faculty of informatics masaryk university botanicka 68a 60200 brno czech republic tel . : + 420 5 41 512 359 fax : e-mail : dkomar @ fi . muni . cz outline of the programme all sessions of the workshop will be plenary ( no parallel sessions ) . the format will consist of paper presentations ( generally 20 minutes ) followed by discussion ( 10 minutes ) . the workshop will also include social events , an excursion to the faculty of informatics , masaryk university brno , and a trip in the vicinity of brno ( the moravian karst , including the beautiful macocha chasm ) . location hotel myslivna , where the workshop will take place , is a comfortable hotel in beautiful woods on a hill near a natural reservation area very close to brno . the surrounding is very quiet and suitable for walks and hiking ( jogging ) routes . brno is the capital of moravia , which is in the south-east part of the czech republic . it is the second-largest town in the czech republic ( with a population of about half a million ) . it had been a royal city since 1347 . there are six universities in brno . historical and artistic places of interest include : - - brno castle ( now called spilberk ) - - veveri castle - - the old and new city halls - - the augustine monastery , with st thomas ' church and crypt of moravian margraves - - the church of st james - - the """""""" bishops ' church """""""" of st peter & st paul - - the famous villa tugendhadt , designed by mies van der rohe - - many other important examples of czech architecture between the wars ( 1918-38 ) . in the immediate surroundings of brno are the moravian karst . with macocha chasm and punkva caves ; the site of the """""""" battle of the three emperors """""""" ( napoleon , alexander of russia , and franz of austria ) , commonly known as the battle of austerlitz ; the chateau of slavkov ( austerlitz ) ; pernstejn castle ; and many other attractions . how to reach brno brno can be reached easily by direct trains from prague , vienna , bratislava , and budapest , or by plane to vienna and then by coach or train ( 130 km ) . another possibility is to go by plane to prague and then travel about 200 km by coach or train . further travel details will be given in future announcements . ivan kopecek kopecek @ fi . muni . cz http : / / www . fi . muni . cz / ~ kopecek /
  """",0
  2275,""""Subject: multidisciplinary colloquium on rules and rule - following
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * second call for papers extended deadline : march 15 , 1998 we are happy to announce a conference and workshop on multidisciplinary colloquium on rules and rule - following : philosophy , linguistics and psychology between april 30 - may 1 - 2 , 1998 at janus pannonius university pecs , hungary keynote speakers : philosophy : gyorgy kampis , lorand eotvos university , budapest kuno lorenz , universitat des saarlandes , saarbrucken , germany linguistics : pierre - yves raccah , idl - cnrs , paris hubert cuyckens , university of antwerp , belgium psychology : csaba pleh , lorand eotvos university , budapest john stewart , idl - crns , paris organizing committee : laszlo tarnay ( dept . of philosophy , janus pannonius university , pecs ) laszlo i . komlosi ( dept . of english , janus pannonius university , ( pecs ) andras bocz ( dept . of english , janus pannonius university , pecs ) e-mail : tarnay @ btk . jpte . hu ; komlosi @ btk . jpte . hu ; bocz @ btk . jpte . hu advisory board : gabor forrai ( budapest ) gyorgy kampis ( budapest ) mike harnish ( tucson ) andras kertesz ( debrecen ) kuno lorenz ( saarbruecken ) pierre - yves raccah ( paris ) janos s . petofi ( macerata ) aims and scopes : the main aim of the conference is to bring together scholars from the field of cognitive linguistics , philosophy and psychology to investigate the concept of rule and to address various aspects of rule-following . ever since wittgenstein formulated in philosophical investigations his famous 201 concerning a kind of rule-following which is not an interpretation , the concept of rule has become a key but elusive idea in almost every discipline and approach . and not only in the human sciences . no wonder , since without this idea the whole edifice of human ( and possibly all other kinds of ) rationality would surely collapse . with the rise of cognitive science , and especially the appearance of connectionist models and networks , however , the classical concept of rule is once again seriously contested . to put it very generally , there is an ongoing debate between the classical conception in which rules appear as a set of formularizable initial conditions or constraints on external operations linking different successive states of a given system ( algorithms ) and a dynamic conception in which there is nothing that could be correlated with a prior idea of internal well-formedness of the system 's states . the debate centers on the representability of rules : either they are conceived of as meta-representations , or they are mere faon de parler concerning the development of complex systems . idealizable on the one hand , while token-oriented on the other . something to be implemented on the one hand , while self-controlling , backpropagational processing , on the other . there is however a common idea that almost all kinds of rule-conceptions address : the problem of learning . this idea reverberates from wittgensteinian pragmatics to strategic non-verbal and rule-governed speech behavior , from perceiving similarities to mental processing . here are some haunting questions : - how do we acquire knowledge if there are no regularities in the world around us ? - but how can we perceive those regularities ? - and how do we reason on the basis of that knowledge if there are no observable constraints on infererring ? - but if there are , where do they come from and how are they actually implemented mentally ? - and finally : how do we come to act rationally , that is , in accordance with what we have perceived , processed and inferred . we are interested in all ways of defining rules and in all aspects of rule following , from the definition of law , rule , regularity , similarity and analogy to logical consequence , argumentational and other inferences , statistical and linguistic rules , practical and strategic reasoning , pragmatic and praxeological activities . we expect contribution from the following research fields : game-theory , action theory , argumentation theory , cognitive science , linguistics , philosophy of language , epistemology , pragmatics , psychology and semiotics . we would be happy to include some contributions from natural sciences such as neuro-biology , physiology or brain sciences . the conference is organized in three major sections : philosophy , psychology and linguistics with six keynote lectures . then contributions of 30 minutes ( 20 for paper and 10 for discussion ) will follow . we also plan to organize a workshop at the end of each section abstracts : abstracts should be one-page ( maximum 23 lines ) specifying area of contribution and the particular aspect of rule-following to be addressed . abstracts should be sent by e-mail to : tarnay @ btk . jpte . hu or bocz @ btk . jpte . hu . hard copies of abstracts may be sent to : laszlo tarnay department of philosophy janus pannonius university , ifjusag utja 6 , h-7624 pecs , hungary important dates : deadline for submission : march 15 , 1998 notification of acceptance : march 25 , 1998 conference : april 30 - may 1 - 2 , 1998 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * for those concerned there is a follow-up philosophical colloquium : john mcdowell : mind and world - kant in analytic philosophy which discusses mcdowell 's recent book : mind and world . among would-be participants are barry allen , michael williams and robert brandon . if interested , contact prof . janos boros , dept . of philosophy , janus pannonius university . e-mail : boros @ btk . jpte . hu
  """",0
  2276,""""Subject: third utrecht biannual phonology workshop
   
   workshop announcement and call for abstracts third utrecht biannual phonology workshop rene kager & wim zonneveld utrecht institute of linguistics : ots organisers 11-13 june 1998 theme : typology and language acquisition invited speakers : bruce hayes ( ucla ) and joe pater ( ubc ) deadline for abstracts : 1 march 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = it is a standard assumption that the striking structural resemblances between human languages are explained from the common starting point : u . g . the study of the striking resemblances ( and range of differences ) is called ` typology ' . the direct study of the common starting point is that of ` first language acquisition ' . since the introduction of so-called ` constraint-based theories ' , the field of typology and language acquisition is a candidate for a redefinition of its contents and its goals . questions that can be raised inlcude the following : - what is the nature of the common starting point ? is it an unstructured pool of constraints , where the process of language acquisition consists of providing structure ? is it highly structured ( is there a common completely ` unmarked ' , but structured ) point of departure ) , where language acquisition consists of adding markedness ? - is the learning task larger ( although not necessarily more difficult ) than previously imagined ? - to what extent is learning guided by factors of markedness that have an extralinguistic source , e . g . , production and / or perception factors ? - is the methodological process of excluding impossible languages different in constraint-based theories , and if so , how ? - is it possible to imagine combined theories of constraints and traditional parameters , both in the area of ( adult ) typology and language acquisition ? = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = abstracts are requested to have a length of 800 words ( references incl . ) . they will be judged according to the following priority scale : - integration of acquisitional and typology issues - acquisitional issues - typological issues any queries : rene . kager @ let . ruu . nl wim . zonneveld @ let . ruu . nl trans 10 3512 jk utrecht the netherlands fax : 31-30 - 2536000
  """",0
  2277,""""Subject: 2nd call for papers : emnlp3
   
   = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 2nd call for papers : deadline march 2 , 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = third conference on empirical methods in natural language processing ( emnlp - 3 ) when : tuesday , june 2 , 1998 ( following the first international conference on language resources and evaluation and the nsf workshop on translingual information management ) where : granada , spain conference description : in the spirit of sigdat events , this conference will offer a general forum for novel research in corpus-based and statistical natural language processing . areas of interest include ( but are not limited to ) : - robust parsing , phrase structure analysis - part of speech tagging - term and name identification - word sense disambiguation - morphological analysis - anaphora resolution - event categorization - discourse structure identification - alignment of parallel texts and bilingual terminology - language modelling - lexicography - machine translation - spelling and grammar correction in addition , we encourage submissions that describe and evaluate the strengths , weaknesses , and recent advances in corpus-based nlp as applied to multi-lingual applications . the development of natural language applications which handle multi-lingual information is the next major challenge facing the field of computational linguistics . how well do techniques for lexical tagging , parsing , anaphora resolution , etc . , handle the specific problems of multi-lingual applications ? what new methods have been developed to address the deficiencies of existing algorithms for these tasks or to address problems specific to handling multi-lingual applications ? what problems still lack an adequate empirical solution ? conversely , how can data-driven nlp methods be improved with the help of multi-lingual data ? program chairs : nancy ide vassar college ( chair ) atro voutilainen university of helsinki ( co-chair ) program committee : steven abney , university of tuebingen , germany susan armstrong , issco , geneva , switzerland pascale fung , hong kong univ . of science and technology , hong kong gregory grefenstette , xerox research centre europe , france ed hovy , usc / isi , usa dan jurafsky , university of colorado , boulder , usa kimmo koskenniemi , university of helsinki , finland hwee tou ng , dso national laboratories , singapore kemal oflazer , bilkent university , turkey peter schauble , eth zentrum , switzerland keh yih su , national tsing - hua university , taiwan dan tufis , romanian academy of sciences , romania evelyne viegas , new mexico state university , usa sponsor : sigdat ( acl 's special interest group for linguistic data and corpus-based approaches to nlp ) format for submission : authors should submit a full-length paper ( 3500-8000 words ) either electronically or in hardcopy . electronic submissions should be mailed to """""""" emnlp3 @ cs . vassar . edu """""""" and must either be ( a ) plain ascii text or ( b ) a single postscript file ( us letter format ) . hardcopy submissions should be mailed to nancy ide ( address below ) , and should include six ( 6 ) copies of the paper . requirements : papers should describe original work . a paper accepted for presentation cannot be presented or have been presented at any other meeting . papers submitted to other conferences will be considered , as long as this fact is clearly indicated in the submission . schedule : submission deadline : monday , march 2 , 1998 notification date : friday , april 3 , 1998 camera - ready copy due : friday may 1 , 1998 conference date : tuesday , june 2 contacts : nancy ide , chair department of computer science vassar college 124 raymond avenue poughkeepsie , new york 12604-0520 usa tel : ( + 1 914 ) 437 5988 fax : ( + 1 914 ) 437 7498 e - mail : ide @ cs . vassar . edu atro voutilainen research unit for multilingual language technology department of general linguistics p . o . box 4 ( keskuskatu 8 , 7th floor ) fin-00014 university of helsinki finland tel : ( + 358 9 ) 191 23 507 fax : ( + 358 9 ) 191 23 598 e - mail : atro . voutilainen @ ling . helsinki . fi further information : http : / / www . cs . vassar . edu / ~ ide / emnlp3 . html http : / / www . cs . jhu . edu / ~ yarowsky / sigdat . html
  """",0
  2278,""""Subject: call for papers : konvens98
   
   first call for papers konvens 98 computer , linguistik und phonetik zwischen sprache und sprechen computers , linguistics , and phonetics between language and speech 4 . konferenz zur verarbeitung natuerlicher sprache - 4th conference on natural language processing oct . 5 - 7 , 1998 , university of bonn , germany http : / / www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / konvens98 organized by : gesellschaft fuer linguistische datenverarbeitung ( gldv ) ( responsible in 1998 ) deutsche gesellschaft fuer sprachwissenschaft ( dgfs ) gesellschaft fuer informatik ( gi ) , fa 1 . 3 . 1 """""""" natuerlichsprachliche systeme """""""" informationstechnische gesellschaft / deutsche gesellschaft fuer akustik ( itg / dega ) oesterreichische gesellschaft fuer artificial intelligence ( oegai ) call for papers subjects of the conference are all areas of language processing dealing with language in its written or spoken form . special attention will be paid to approaches focussing on the structural and the phonological / phonetic aspects of computer-aided / based language research and aimed at bridging the gap between both aspects . please submit proposals for : - lectures , - workshops , - demonstrations and - posters . all proposals will be reviewed anonymously . please add a title page specifying the author 's names and institutions as well as title and form of the contribution . proposals should be submitted in 5 paper copies ( din a4 paper size , times 12pt ) , and in electronic form per e-mail ( preferably latex or ps ) . word and wordperfect format files and latex style files will be available for download after march 15 , 1998 . proposals should not exceed 10 pages for lectures , and 5 pages for workshops . poster contributions will be published as short papers limited to 4 pages . workshop proposals should explain the significance of the subject , and they should name the prospective participants and their contributions . demonstrations should be briefly described ; the equipment needed should be specified . all proposals should contain german and english abstracts of 12 lines max . conference languages are german and english . all proposals are reviewed by at least two independent reviewers nominated by the programme committee . accepted proposals will be published in the conference proceedings which will be available before the beginning of the conference . deadlines march 1 , 1998 deadline for the submission of workshop proposals april 15 , 1998 deadline for the submission of proposals for lectures and posters may 15 , 1998 notification on acceptance june 15 , 1998 submission of the printable contribution to the proceedings july 15 , 1998 deadline for submitting proposals for system demonstrations local organizers prof . dr . wolfgang hess prof . dr . winfried lenders dr . thomas portele dr . bernhard schroeder programme committee dr . ernst buchberger , wien ( oegai ) dr . stefan busemann , saarbruecken ( gi ) prof . dr . dafydd gibbon , bielefeld ( dgfs ) prof . dr . wolfgang hoeppner , duisburg ( gi ) prof . dr . roland hausser , erlangen ( gldv ) prof . dr . wolfgang hess , bonn ( itg / dega ) prof . dr . r . hoffmann , dresden ( itg / dega ) dr . tibor kiss , heidelberg ( dgfs ) prof . dr . winfried lenders , bonn ( gldv ) dr . harald trost ( oegai ) conference office gisela von neffe institut fuer kommunikationsforschung und phonetik der universitaet bonn poppelsdorfer allee 47 d-53115 bonn internet : http / / : www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / konvens98 / index . en . html email : konvens98 @ uni-bonn . de phone : + 49-228 - 735638 fax : + 49-228 - 735639 location konvens 98 will take place at the university of bonn 's central building , which is situated in the city 's centre , in walking distance from the main railway station . world wide web http : / / www . ikp . uni-bonn . de / konvens98
  """",0
  2279,""""Subject: ecai-98 # 6 : call for young researcher papers
   
   ecai ' 98 august 23-28 1998 brighton uk call for young researcher papers http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 / youngrescall . html the ecai-98 programme committee is pleased to announce a special programme of short papers for young researchers . important dates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 mar 1998 deadline for abstracts 11 mar 1998 deadline for papers 15 apr 1998 notification of acceptance 15 may 1998 camera - ready copies of papers 26-28 aug 1998 student programme at ecai-98 the aim is to encourage younger ai researchers to attend ecai-98 and to present their on-going work , in the form of short ( 2 page ) papers , which will appear in the conference proceedings . a short paper may either report on the innovative points of work in progress , or on a particular result of special interest . the call is open to researchers who satisfy at least one of the following criteria on 11 march 1998 : - they are under 28 years old - they are currently studying for a phd or other degree qualification in ai ( or a related topic ) - they received a phd in ai ( or a related topic ) within the past two years . submissions are invited on original and previously unpublished research in all aspects of ai , including , but not limited to : abduction , temporal , causal reasoning , and diagnosis ; automated reasoning ; application and enabling technologies ; belief revision and nonmonotonic reasoning ; case - based reasoning ; cognitive modelling and philosophical foundations ; computational linguistics ; constraint - based reasoning and constraint programming ; distributed ai and multiagent systems ; fuzzy logic ; knowledge acquisition ; knowledge representation ; logic programming , and theorem proving ; machine learning , knowledge discovery and data mining ; natural language and intelligent user interfaces ; neural networks in ai ; planning , scheduling , and reasoning about actions ; probabilistic networks ; qualitative preferences and decision in ai ; qualitative and spatial reasoning ; reasoning under uncertainty ; robotics , vision , and signal understanding ; search and meta - heuristics for ai ; verification , validation and testing of knowledge - based systems . submissions should be two pages long using the format described on the ecai-98 style guide web page : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 / style . html a latex style file is available on the website ( or on request . to ecai98 @ cogs . susx . ac . uk ) . accepted papers will be required to conform more strictly to the publishers ' formatting requirements , which will be broadly in line with the present formatting guidelines . submission procedure submission is a two stage process , similar to the process for long papers . an electronic abstract should be sent to ecai98 @ irit . fr by 6 march 1998 . this summary should include the title , author , contact address and abstract for the paper , plus keywords drawn from the above list ( plus other keywords if appropriate ) . a web-based summary submission form is available to make this easier . this summary information should also be included with the paper itself , on a separate sheet of paper . submission of the paper is in hard copy form only , electronic submissions will not be accepted . four copies of the paper ( each including the summary sheet ) , should be sent by post to the ecai-98 programme chair , henri prade , at the address below . the title page should include a statement indicating which of the above eligibility criteria the author satisfies and that the paper has not been submitted elsewhere . the deadline for receipt of papers is 11 march 1998 . papers received after this date will not be reviewed . address for submission - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - henri prade , ecai-98 programme chair irit universite paul sabatier 118 route de narbonne 31062 toulouse cedex 4 france email : henri . prade @ irit . fr tel : + 33 ( 0 ) 561 55 65 79 fax : + 33 ( 0 ) 561 55 62 39 multiple submissions policy ecai-98 will not accept any paper which at the time of submission is under review for , or has already been published or accepted for publication in a journal or another conference . authors are also expected not to submit their papers elsewhere during the review period . these restrictions apply only to journals and conferences and not to workshops or similar specialised meetings with limited audiences . the title page should include a statement that the paper is not under review or accepted for publication in another conference or journal . however , if a young researcher has already submitted a regular paper to ecai-98 , a new submission on the same topic in the form of a short paper is permitted provided that the author declares it on submission . if the regular paper is accepted , the short paper will be considered to have been withdrawn . however such a double submission is not encouraged . the review process the short papers will be reviewed under the control of the ecai-98 program committee under the chairmanship of the ecai-98 programme chair . the ecai-98 programme chair has final authority over the review process and all decisions relating to acceptance of papers . accepted papers will be allocated 15 minutes for oral presentation and 2 pages in the official ecai-98 proceedings . note : as is usual at ecai conferences , students will be able to register for the conference at a significantly reduced and subsidised rate . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ecai-98 secretariat tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 678448 centre for advanced software applications fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 671320 university of sussex email : ecai98 @ cogs . susx . ac . uk brighton , bn1 9qh , uk url : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 ecai-98 is organised by the european coordinating committee for artificial intelligence ( eccai ) and hosted by the universities of brighton and sussex on behalf of aisb . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  2280,""""Subject: cuny ' 98 conference
   
   below you will find information regarding registration and hotel reservations for the 11th annual cuny conference on human sentence processing . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * please preregister and make your hotel reservations immediately . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the deadline for both preregistration and hotel reservations is february 27th , but you are encouraged to do both now . the conference rate at the hotel is not unconditionally guaranteed through the reservation deadline - - it is only guaranteed as long as the hotel occupancy is below a certain rate , and some days are already filling up . the normal midweek rate is about $ 50 / night higher than the conference rate , so you should reserve now . please also take the time now to preregister - - it will help us keep costs down ( making more funds available for student travel ) if we can get an accurate estimate of attendance . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration and hotel information for the 11th annual cuny conference on human sentence processing hosted by rutgers , the state university of new jersey conference sponsors : national science foundation city university of new york university of pennsylvania university of rochester ohio state university university of southern california * * * * * february 27th is the conference pre - registration * * * * * and hotel reservation deadline ! conference pre - registration a form for preregistration is below and is also available on our website . to preregister , please fill out the form and return it with a check ( made out to rutgers university ) , as indicated on the form . we ' re sorry , but we cannot accept credit cards . as the fees for on-site registration are substantially higher , we encourage you to register by the february 27th deadline to receive preregistration rates . if you are the first author on a paper or a poster , you will automatically receive the pre-registration rate if you return the registration form via email by february 27 , 1998 . you can then pay your registration fee at the conference . also , if you are attending from outside of the us , you will automatically receive the preregistration rate if you email the form back to us by february 27 . you can then pay the registration fee at the conference ; payment must be in us dollars . student presenters who wish to apply for reimbursement must save all receipts and fill out a reimbursement request form at the conference . hotel reservations we have a special rate of single - $ 119 / night , double / triple / quad - $ 135 / night at the conference hotel , the hyatt regency - new brunswick , nj . you must make your reservation by february 27 , by calling the hotel directly ( 732 ) 873-1234 or ( 800 ) 233-1234 . ask for the special rate for the cuny98 conference . for more info , see our web page : http : / / ruccs . rutgers . edu / cuny98 please print out and mail this form with your check ( made out to rutgers university ) to the address below : _ _ _ _ _ 8 < _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 < _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 < _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 < _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 < _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration form for 11th annual cuny conference on human sentence processing march 19-21 , 1998 new brunswick , new jersey hosted by rutgers , the state university of new jersey name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mailing address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ are you first author on a paper or poster ? yes _ _ _ no _ _ _ are you a non - us participant ? yes _ _ _ no _ _ _ are you a student ? yes _ _ _ no _ _ _ if a student , will you be requesting aid ? yes _ _ _ no _ _ _ fees registration covers the conference program , coffee breaks ( all days ) , continental breakfasts ( fri / sat ) , evening poster receptions ( thurs / fri ) . all registration forms postmarked by february 27 are eligible for the pre-registration rates . first authors and / or non - us participants can email this this form back to be guaranteed the pre-registration rate , and then pay at the conference . checks should be in us dollars and drawn on a us bank . pre - registration ( by februrary 27 ) late registration non - students $ 75 $ 95 students $ 25 $ 45 please return this form and your payment to : cuny98 rutgers center for cognitive science rutgers university , busch campus psychology building addition new brunswick , nj 08903 usa
  """",0
  2281,""""Subject: mutual knowledge , common ground and public information
   
   esslli-98 workshop on mutual knowledge , common ground and public information august 24 - 28 , 1998 a workshop held as part of the 10th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli-98 ) august 17 - 28 , 1998 , saarbrueken , germany * * last call for papers * * organisers : wolfgang heydrich and hannes rieser ( hamburg / bielefeld ) web site : http : / / www . dcs . warwick . ac . uk / ~ esslli98 / workshops . html background the topic of the workshop is in the common focus of several disciplines : cognitive science , linguistic pragmatics & semantics , philosophical logic , ai , and psychology . it concerns research in areas like discourse analysis , coordination , presupposition and accomodation , as well as the formal reconstruction of dialogue and interaction . there are obvious connections to problems of group-epistemology and general ( philosophical ) concepts like intersubjectivity . the topic constitutes a field of discussion where empirical and formal methodologies meet ( from controlled experiments and discourse analysis to , say , non-well - founded set theory ) . we invite contributions from all the fields mentioned above , which may focus on : - foundational problems ( epistemic logic , social ontology , set theory ) - descriptive and experimental work in psychology , linguistics and ethnomethodology - applications in models of agent 's behaviour based on e . g . , intention analysis , gricean accounts or speech act theory - computer simulation implementing the concepts mentioned . workshop format : the workshop will consist of five sessions ( 90 min . each ) of presentation and discussion of contributed papers . it will take place during the second week of the summer school and will be open to all members of the lli community . submissions : all reserchers in the area , but especially ph . d . students and young reserachers , are encouraged to submit a two-page abstract ( hard copies or by e-mail ) to one of the following addresses : prof . dr . hannes rieser pd dr . wolfgang heydrich university of bielefeld university of hamburg fak . lili germanisches seminar postfach 100131 von - melle - park 6 d-33501 bielefeld d-20146 hamburg germany germany rieser @ lili . uni-bielefeld . de heydrich @ lili . uni-bielefeld . de phone : 0049-521 - 1063666 phone : 0049-40 - 4222501 fax : 0049-521 - 1062996 fax : 0049-40 - 4222603 the deadline for submission of abstracts is february 15 , 1998 . notification of contributors will be given around april 15 , 1998 . contributors of selected papers will be asked to provide extended abstracts ( five pages ) to be distributed as work-shop notes . the deadline for submission of extended abstracts is may 15 , 98 . registration : workshop contributors will be required to register for esslli-98 , but they will be elligible for a reduced registration fee . important dates : feb 15 , 98 : deadline for submissions apr 15 , 98 : notification of acceptance may 15 , 98 : deadline for final copy aug 17 , 98 : start of workshop further information : to obtain further information about esslli-98 please visit the esslli-98 home page at http : / / www . coli . uni-sb . de / esslli
  """",0
  2282,""""Subject: lrec workshop """""""" distributing and accessing linguistic resourcs """"""""
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * last call for papers extended deadline : march 15 , 1998 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * distributing and accessing linguistic resources * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * workshop immediately before the first international conference on language resources and evaluation ( lrec ) , may 27 1998 granada , spain http : / / www . icp . grenet . fr / elra / conflre . html short description : this workshop will discuss ways to increase the efficacy of linguistic resource distribution and programmatic access , and work towards the definition of a new method for these tasks based on distributed processing and object-oriented modelling with deployment on the www . organizers : yorick wilks , hamish cunningham , wim peters , remi zajac workshop scope and aims - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - in general the reuse of of nlp data resources ( such as lexicons or corpora ) has exceeded that of algorithmic resources ( such as lemmatisers or parsers ) . however , there are still two barriers to data resource reuse : 1 ) each resource has its own representation syntax and corresponding programmatic access mode ( e . g . sql for celex , c or prolog for wordnet , sgml for the bnc ) ; 2 ) resources must generally be installed locally to be usable ( and of course precisely how this happens , what operating systems are supported etc . varies from case to case ) . the consequences of 1 ) are that although resources share some structure in common ( lexicons are organised around words , for example ) this commonality is wasted when it comes to using a new resource ( the developer has to learn everything afresh each time ) and that work which seeks to investigate or exploit commonalities between resources ( e . g . to link several lexicons to an ontology ) has to first build a layer of access routines on top of each resources . so , for example , if we wish to do task-based evaluation of lexicons by measuring the relative performance of an information extraction system with different instantiations of lexical resource , we might end up writing code to translate several different resources into sql or sgml . the consequence of 2 ) is that there is no way to """""""" try before you buy """""""" : no way to examine a data resource for its suitability for your needs before licencing it . correspondingly there is no way for a resource provider to expose limitted access to their products for advertising purposes , or gain revenue through piecemeal supply of sections of a resource . this workshop will discuss ways to overcome these barriers . the proposers will discuss a new method for distributing and accessing language resources involving the development of a common programmatic model of the various resources types , implemented in corba idl and / or java , along with a distributed server for non-local access . this model is being designed as part of the gate project ( general architecture for text engineering : http : / / www . dcs . shef . ac . uk / research / groups / nlp / gate / ) and goes under the provisional title of an active creole server . ( creole : collection of reusable objects for language engineering . currently creole supports only algortihmic objects , but will be extended to data objects . ) a common model of language data resources would be a set of inheritance hierarchies making up a forest or set of graphs . at the top of the hierarchies would be very general abstractions from resources ( e . g . lexicons are about words ) ; at the leaves would be data items that were specific to individual resources . programmatic access would be available at all levels , allowing the developer to select an appropriate level of commonality for each application . note that although an exciting element of the work could be to provide algorithms to dynamically merge common resources ( e . g . connect wordnet to celex ) , what we ' re suggesting initially is not to develop anything substantively new , but simply to improve access to existing resources . this is not a new standards initiative , but a way to build on previous initiatives . of course , the production of a common model that fully expressed all the subtleties of all resources would be a large undertaking , but we believe that it can be done incrementally , with useful results at each stage . early versions will stop decomposing the object structure of resources at a fairly high level , leaving the developer to handle the data structures native to the resources at the leaves of the forest . there should still be a substantial benefit in uniform access to higher level strucures . draft program committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - yorick wilks hamish cunningham wim peters remi zajac roberta catizone paola velardi maria teresa pazienza louise guthrie roberto basili bran boguraev sergei nirenburg james pustejowsky ralph grishman christiane fellbaum paper submission - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - formatting guidelines : papers should not exceed 4000 words or 10 pages . hard copies : three hard copies should be sent to : gill callaghan , fao yorick wilks dept . computer science university of sheffield regent court 211 portobello st . , sheffield s1 4dp uk electronic submission : electronic submission will be allowed in poscript or html . an ftp site will be available on demand . authors should send an info email to ( hamish cunningham - hamish @ dcs . shef . ac . uk ) even if they submit in paper form . an electronic submission should be accompanied by a plain ascii text . # name : name of first author # title : title of the paper # pages : number of pages # files : name of file ( if also submitted electronically ) # note : anything you 'd like to add # keys : keywords # email : email of the first author # abstr : abstract of the paper # . . . . . . important dates paper submission deadline ( hard copy / electronic ) march 15th 1998 paper notification april 1st camera - ready papers due may 1st dalr workshop may 27st
  """",0
  2283,""""Subject: workshop on corpus - based terminology
   
   call for participation workshop on corpus - based terminology bozen / bolzano , february 26-28 , 1998 european academy bozen / bolzano patronage autonome provinz bozen = = = = = = = = = = = = = background = = = = = = = = = = = = = the motivation to organize this workshop is a project currently in the planning phase at the european academy bozen / bolzano . the main goal of the project is to elaborate a comprehensive italian / german terminology in the areas of law and administration for the use in south tyrol by extracting the term pairs from a representative corpus of relevant bilingual texts . a more detailed description can be found here : http : / / www . eurac . edu / fb1 / projects / catex . htm the objective of the workshop is to bring together leading researchers working on corpus-based terminology and to provide a forum of discussion of the state of the art in this area . the main focus will be on computational methods and technologies covering the following topics : t1 : encoding ( multilingual ) text corpora t2 : extraction of data / knowledge from text corpora ( translation equivalents , concept relations , . . . ) t3 : terminological data / knowledge representation = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = invited speakers = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = khurshid ahmad ( university of surrey , united kingdoms ) susan armstrong ( university of geneva , switzerland ) lynne bowker ( dublin city university school , ireland ) ido dagan ( bar ilan university , israel ) ulrich heid ( university of stuttgart , germany ) david hull ( xerox research centre europe , france ) nancy ide ( vassar college , new york ) christian jacquemin ( iut de nantes , france ) bernardo magnini ( irst , italy ) maria t . pazienza ( university of roma , italy ) jordi vivaldi palatresi ( university pompeu fabra , spain ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = preliminary programme = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the programme consists of talks given by 11 invited speakers and a pannel discussion about the catex project ; there will be plenty of time for discussions . a preliminary programme outline is given below : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - thursday , february 26 , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 . 30 - 8 . 45 registration 8 . 45 - 9 . 00 opening 9 . 00-10 . 00 general introduction into corpus - based terminology + some on t1 ( lynne bowker ) break 10 . 30-12 . 30 corpus encoding for linguistic research and term detection ( jordi vivaldi palatresi ) working with parallel corpora ( susan armstrong ) lunch 14 . 30-15 . 30 ( extraction of information from text corpora ) ( ulrich heid ) break 16 . 00-18 . 00 pannel discussion : the catex project ( werner aufschnaiter , johann gamper , felix mayer , francesco palermo ) 20 . 00 workshop dinner - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - friday , february 27 , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 . 00-10 . 00 recognition and acquisition : two interrelated activities in corpus - based term extraction ( christian jacquemin ) break 10 . 30-12 . 30 automatic terminology extraction and alignment from a parallel sentence - aligned bilingual corpus ( david hull ) bilingual word alignment and its use for productive lexicon construction ( ido dagan ) lunch 14 . 00-19 . 00 tour : tobogganing at the seiser alm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - saturday , february 28 , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 . 00-10 . 00 a domain specific terminology extraction system ( maria t . pazienza ) break 10 . 30-12 . 30 from terminologoy extraction to terminology representation ( khurshid ahmad ) use of a lexical knowledge base for information access systems ( bernardo magnini ) lunch 14 . 30-15 . 30 encoding linguistic corpora : encoding schemes and a data architecture for linguistic annotation ( nancy ide ) break 16 . 00 concluding remarks = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = conference address = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = european academy bozen / bolzano weggensteinstr . 12 / a i - 39100 bozen / bolzano phone : + 39 - 471 - 306111 fax : + 39 - 471 - 306199 = = = = = = = = = = = = social events = = = = = = = = = = = = informal get-together : an informal get-together will be held on wednesday evening , february 25 ( place will be communicated later to the workshop participants ) . workshop dinner : the workshop dinner will take place on thursday evening , february 26 , in a typical restaurant in the city center . tour """""""" tobogganing at the seiser alm """""""" : on friday afternoon , february 27 , we will organize a tour to the seiser alm , one of the most beautiful alpine pastures in south tyrol , where we have the chance of tobogganing . please , do n't forget warm clothes and heavy shoes ( we are walking in the snow ! ) . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = registration information = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = attending to the workshop ( including coffee breaks ) is free of charge , however , registration is required . only a limited number of participants will be allowed . travel , accommodation , meals and social activities are at the expense of the participant . on request , the accommodation can be organized by the european academy bozen / bolzano . if you are willing to participate , please contact the local organizer . registration deadline : monday , february 23 , 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = organizing committee = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = giovanni b . flores d ' arcais ( university of padova ) bernhard eccher ( university of innsbruck ) johann gamper ( european academy bozen / bolzano ) felix mayer ( european academy bozen / bolzano ) alberto m . mioni ( university of padova ) oskar putzer ( university of innsbruck ) harro stammerjohann ( european academy bozen / bolzano ) oliviero stock ( irst , trento ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = local organization = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = johann gamper european academy bozen / bolzano weggensteinstr . 12 / a 39100 bozen , italy phone : + 49 - 471 - 306114 fax : + 49 - 471 - 306199 jgamper @ eurac . edu for more information about the workshop , please contact the local organisation . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = johann gamper european academy bolzano / bozen phone : + 39 - 471 - 306114 research area """""""" language and law """""""" fax : + 39 - 471 - 306199 weggensteinstr . 12 / a email : jgamper @ eurac . edu 39100 bozen , italy www : http : / / www . eurac . edu
  """",0
  2284,""""Subject: politeness theory
   
   call for papers politeness theory and language in the mass media this is a call for papers that explore linguistic politeness and social interaction in the mass media . in the introduction to the second edition of politeness , brown and levinson write , """""""" we believe we happen to have stumbled on an area where many orthogonal aspects of social life converge in a set of crucial preoccupations in social interaction . """""""" brown and levinson state that politeness is at the heart of those preoccupations . while there have been numerous studies of linguistic politeness since brown and levinson 's original paper , there has been little attention paid to politeness theory in discussions of language in the mass media . we believe that the mass media provide a unique yet ubiquitous arena through which to explore linguistic politeness because of the often ambiguous nature of social interaction in the mass media . it is our interest in the nature of social interaction in the mass media that provides the impetus for this book project . we also believe there is a need for theories of media discourse based on sociolinguistic perspectives . we are seeking original essays to include in a book volume that examines aspects of linguistic politeness based on data collected from the mass media . we would especially like to encourage submissions based on data from languages other than english . the intended audience of the book will be undergraduates , graduate students , and scholars in the areas of sociolinguistics , anthropological linguistics , linguistic pragmatics , ethnography of communication , sociology and communications . please forward an indication of interest and a one-page abstract of the proposed contribution by april 30 , 1998 to : prof . troi carleton 1200 holloway drive , department of english , san francisco state university , san francisco , ca 94132 , e-mail : troi @ sfsu . edu or prof . robin queen , english department , kent state university , kent , oh 44242-0001 , e-mail : rqueen @ kent . edu . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - robin m . queen english department kent state university kent , oh 44242-0001 tel : 330-672 - 2219
  """",0
  2285,""""Subject: fasl 1998
   
   final call for papers : seventh annual workshop on formal approaches to slavic linguistics ( fasl ) conference dates : may 8-10 , 1998 , at the university of washington , seattle guest speakers : johanna nichols , """""""" slavic reflexivization in comparative perspective """""""" barbara partee , """""""" copula inversion puzzles in english and russian """""""" david pesetsky , """""""" lifestyles of the _ which _ and famous : how english is really bulgarian """""""" extended deadline for receipt of abstracts : february 25 , 1998 abstracts are invited for 20 - minute presentations on topics dealing with formal aspects of any area of theoretical slavic linguistics ( synchronic or diachronic ) , including syntax , semantics , morphology , phonology , discourse analysis , and psycholinguistics . presentations will be followed by a 10 - minute discussion period . send 6 copies of a one-page anonymous abstract to the postal address below . no e-mail submissions will be accepted . faxed submissions will be accepted only in emergency situations , and only if prior notice is sent by e-mail . please include one 3x5 card with : 1 ) title of paper 2 ) your name 3 ) address and affiliation 4 ) telephone and / or fax numbers 5 ) e-mail address mail to : fasl vii committee dept . of slavic languages and literature box 353580 university of washington seattle , washington 98195 usa questions ? e - mail : fasl7 @ u . washington . edu telephone : 206-543 - 6848 fax : 206-543 - 6009 persons interested in attending fasl vii are invited to register their e-mail and / or mailing addresses at the conference address above . e - mail is the preferred means of communication for all business except abstract submission . 1998 fasl website : http : / / darkwing . uoregon . edu / ~ russian / fasl . html
  """",0
  2286,""""Subject: workshop on corpus - based terminology
   
   call for participation workshop on corpus - based terminology bozen / bolzano , february 26-28 , 1998 european academy bozen / bolzano patronage autonome provinz bozen = = = = = = = = = = = = = background = = = = = = = = = = = = = the motivation to organize this workshop is a project currently in the planning phase at the european academy bozen / bolzano . the main goal of the project is to elaborate a comprehensive italian / german terminology in the areas of law and administration for the use in south tyrol by extracting the term pairs from a representative corpus of relevant bilingual texts . a more detailed description can be found here : http : / / www . eurac . edu / fb1 / projects / catex . htm the objective of the workshop is to bring together leading researchers working on corpus-based terminology and to provide a forum of discussion of the state of the art in this area . the main focus will be on computational methods and technologies covering the following topics : t1 : encoding ( multilingual ) text corpora t2 : extraction of data / knowledge from text corpora ( translation equivalents , concept relations , . . . ) t3 : terminological data / knowledge representation = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = invited speakers = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = khurshid ahmad ( university of surrey , united kingdoms ) susan armstrong ( university of geneva , switzerland ) lynne bowker ( dublin city university school , ireland ) ido dagan ( bar ilan university , israel ) ulrich heid ( university of stuttgart , germany ) david hull ( xerox research centre europe , france ) nancy ide ( vassar college , new york ) christian jacquemin ( iut de nantes , france ) bernardo magnini ( irst , italy ) maria t . pazienza ( university of roma , italy ) jordi vivaldi palatresi ( university pompeu fabra , spain ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = preliminary programme = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the programme consists of talks given by 11 invited speakers and a pannel discussion about the catex project ; there will be plenty of time for discussions . a preliminary programme outline is given below : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - thursday , february 26 , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 . 30 - 8 . 45 registration 8 . 45 - 9 . 00 opening 9 . 00-10 . 00 general introduction into corpus - based terminology + some on t1 ( lynne bowker ) break 10 . 30-12 . 30 corpus encoding for linguistic research and term detection ( jordi vivaldi palatresi ) working with parallel corpora ( susan armstrong ) lunch 14 . 30-15 . 30 ( extraction of information from text corpora ) ( ulrich heid ) break 16 . 00-18 . 00 pannel discussion : the catex project ( werner aufschnaiter , johann gamper , felix mayer , francesco palermo ) 20 . 00 workshop dinner - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - friday , february 27 , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 . 00-10 . 00 recognition and acquisition : two interrelated activities in corpus - based term extraction ( christian jacquemin ) break 10 . 30-12 . 30 automatic terminology extraction and alignment from a parallel sentence - aligned bilingual corpus ( david hull ) bilingual word alignment and its use for productive lexicon construction ( ido dagan ) lunch 14 . 00-19 . 00 tour : tobogganing at the seiser alm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - saturday , february 28 , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 . 00-10 . 00 a domain specific terminology extraction system ( maria t . pazienza ) break 10 . 30-12 . 30 from terminologoy extraction to terminology representation ( khurshid ahmad ) use of a lexical knowledge base for information access systems ( bernardo magnini ) lunch 14 . 30-15 . 30 encoding linguistic corpora : encoding schemes and a data architecture for linguistic annotation ( nancy ide ) break 16 . 00 concluding remarks = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = conference address = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = european academy bozen / bolzano weggensteinstr . 12 / a i - 39100 bozen / bolzano phone : + 39 - 471 - 306111 fax : + 39 - 471 - 306199 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = social events = = = = = = = = = = = = = = informal get-together : an informal get-together will be held on wednesday evening , february 25 ( place will be communicated later to the workshop participants ) . workshop dinner : the workshop dinner will take place on thursday evening , february 26 , in a typical restaurant in the city center . tour """""""" tobogganing at the seiser alm """""""" : on friday afternoon , february 27 , we will organize a tour to the seiser alm , one of the most beautiful alpine pastures in south tyrol , where we have the chance of tobogganing . please , do n't forget warm clothes and heavy shoes ( we are walking in the snow ! ) . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = registration information = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = attending to the workshop ( including coffee breaks ) is free of charge , however , registration is required . only a limited number of participants will be allowed . travel , accommodation , meals and social activities are at the expense of the participant . on request , the accommodation can be organized by the european academy bozen / bolzano . if you are willing to participate , please contact the local organizer . registration deadline : monday , february 23 , 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = organizing committee = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = giovanni b . flores d ' arcais ( university of padova ) bernhard eccher ( university of innsbruck ) johann gamper ( european academy bozen / bolzano ) felix mayer ( european academy bozen / bolzano ) alberto m . mioni ( university of padova ) oskar putzer ( university of innsbruck ) harro stammerjohann ( european academy bozen / bolzano ) oliviero stock ( irst , trento ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = local organization = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = johann gamper european academy bozen / bolzano weggensteinstr . 12 / a 39100 bozen , italy phone : + 49 - 471 - 306114 fax : + 49 - 471 - 306199 jgamper @ eurac . edu for more information about the workshop , please contact the local organisation .
  """",0
  2287,""""Subject: conference : second announcement : tai studies
   
   the international conference on tai studies july 29-31 , 1998 institute of language and culture for rural development mahidol university at salaya , thailand second announcement rationale the institute of language and culture for rural development , mahidol university is pleased to announce the first international conference on tai studies , to be held july 29-31 , 1998 in bangkok . the main objective of this conference is to provide an international forum for scholars from different countries to present and discuss various aspects of tai studies . the conference will feature papers on any of the tai and outliner groups residing outside thailand , namely , lao , black tai , lue , white tai , shan , ahom , dai , tay , tho , nung , zhuang , bouyei , ong - be , saek , kam ( dong ) , sui ( shui ) , maonan , mulam ( mulao ) , mak , then , ai - cham , lati , laqua , hlai , and gelao . topics will include : ( 1 ) languages and linguistics ; ( 2 ) folk wisdom and literature ; ( 3 ) belief , ritual , and religions ; ( 4 ) history ; ( 5 ) politics ; ( 6 ) economics and environment ; ( 7 ) ethno-cultural contact and exchange ; ( 8 ) architecture , arts , music , and handicrafts ; ( 9 ) archaeology ; and ( 10 ) others . language the language to be used in the conference will be english . registration fees the registration fee includes conference documents , lunch , refreshments . students non - students overseas local overseas local before and on june 1 , 98 us $ 100 1 , 500 baht us $ 120 2 , 500 baht after june 1 , 1998 us $ 120 2 , 000 baht us $ 150 3 , 000 baht payment by international draft ( cheque ) in us dollar only . please make check payable to """""""" mahidol university . """""""" venue royal river hotel , bangkok , thailand abstract and paper abstracts are invited for the conference . by may 1 , 1998 , please submit two copies of a one-page abstract . abstract must be typed , camera ready , and contain the following information : titile of abstract , author 's name , affiliation , content . papers to be distributed at the conference must be submitted before june 1 , 1998 . papers to be presented at tai studies i will be published in the tai studies i proceedings and will be available for a purchase after the conference . to ensure inclusion in the volume , submit a camera-ready copy of paper by november 1 , 1998 . presentation will be 20 minutes in length , with 10 minutes for questions . accomodation and travel information the information on accommodations and travel will be announced later . conference registration a conference registration form is available at : http : / / www . mahidol . ac . th / mahidol / lc / index . html corresponding address : chair of secretariat tai studies i institute of language and culture for rural development mahidol university , salaya nakornpathom 73170 , thailand tel : ( 662 ) 441-9327 , 441-9343 , 441-9514 ; fax ( 662 ) 441-0209 email : lcssm @ mahidol . ac . th web page : http : / / www . mahidol . ac . th / mahidol / lc / index . html tentative program wednesday , july 29th 8 . 30 - 9 . 30 registration 9 . 30-10 . 00 opening ceremony 10 . 00-10 . 15 a brief introduction to """""""" the studies of tai in china by the institute of language and culture for rural development """""""" prof . khunying suriya ratanakul 10 . 15-10 . 30 coffee break 10 . 30-11 . 30 keynote sppech : """""""" the language corridor : new data from vietnam """""""" prof . jerold a . edmondson ( university of texas at arlington ) master of ceremony : asst . prof . sukhumavadee khmahiran announcer : mr . vinya sysamouth 11 . 30-13 . 00 lunch 13 . 00-15 . 00 paper presentation 15 . 00-15 . 15 coffee break 15 . 15-16 . 30 paper presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . thursday , july 30th 9 . 00-10 . 45 plenary session i : """""""" current studies of tai outside thailand """""""" panel i : """""""" current studies of tai in laoms and china """""""" * """""""" an overview of tai studies outside thailand and current stdies of tai in laos """""""" assoc . prof . theraphan l . thongkum ( chulalongkorn university , bangkok ) * """""""" current studies of tai in pr china """""""" assoc . prof . pranee kullavanijaya ( chulalongkorn university ) prof . zhang gogjin and mr . zhou guoyan ( kam - tai institute , central university for nationalities , beijing ) moderator : assoc . prof . somsonge burusphat ( mahidol university , bangkok ) 10 . 45-11 . 00 coffee break 11 . 00-12 . 30 panel ii : """""""" current studies of tai in vietnam , myanmar and india """""""" * vietnam : assoc . prof . sumit pitiphat ( thammasat university , bangkok ) * myanmar : asst . prof . ratanaporn sethakul ( payap university , chiangmai ) * india : assoc . prof . wilaiwan khanittanan ( thammasat university , bangkok ) moderator : prof . chatthip nartsupha ( chulalongkorn university , bangkok ) announcer : ms . megan sinnott 12 . 30-13 . 30 lunch 13 . 30-15 . 00 paper presentation 15 . 00-15 . 15 coffee break 15 . 15-16 . 30 paper presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . friday , july 31th 9 . 00-10 . 45 plenary session ii , """""""" tai migration patterns in interdisciplinary perspective """""""" * linguistics : prof . jerold a . edmondson ( the university of texas at arlington ) * history and archaeology : assoc . prof . srisak vallibhotama ( silpakorn university , bangkok ) * physical anthropology : assoc . prof . samerchai phulsuwan ( thammasat university , bangkok ) * folklore : assoc . prof . siraporn na thalang moderator : ms . lakana daoratanahong ( mahidol university , bangkok ) announcer : ms . pattiya jimreivat 10 . 45-11 . 00 coffee break 11 . 00-12 . 00 * summation and floor discussion * closing ceremony master of ceremony : asst . prof . sukhumavadee khamhiran 12 . 30-13 . 30 farewell lunch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . end of the second announcement
  """",0
  2288,""""Subject: call : ling approaches to lit
   
   call for papers modern language association division on linguistic approaches to literature 1998 mla convention , san francisco , december 27-30 the division will hold three sessions , on the following topic : linguistic approaches to the analysis of poetry , epecially poetic language and poetic form . topics might include prosody , sound symbolism , poetic language outside poetry , and poetry nterpretation informed by discourse analysis , pragmatics , relevance theory , etc . one session will focus on teaching linguistic approaches to poetry ; abstracts for this session should discuss a teaching strategy and / or a sample classroom analysis . please submit a 1 - 2 page abstract , preferably by e-mail , to derek attridge ( attridge @ rci . rutgers . edu ) department of english , rutgers university , 510 george street , new brunswick , nj 08901 . participants must be members of the mla by april 1 , 1998 . deadline : march 15 , 1998 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ derek attridge tel . 732 / 932-7674 department of english fax 732 / 932-1150 rutgers university e-mail : new brunswick , nj 08903 attridge @ rci . rutgers . edu _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",0
  2289,""""Subject: cfp : workshop """""""" intelligent information integration """""""" during ecai ' 98
   
   please forward this message to colleagues who might be interested . we apologise if you receive multiple copies . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers international and interdisciplinary workshop """""""" intelligent information integration """""""" http : / / www . tzi . org / grp / i3 / ws-ecai 98 25 august 1998 during the european conference on artificial intelligence ( ecai ' 98 ) , brighton centre , brighton , uk submission deadline : 27 march 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - technical description - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - due to intranets and internets , more and more information sources become technically available . these include knowledge bases , data bases , and semi-structured data ( e . g . html pages ) . an increasing number of users now either wishes to integrate these different information sources or to have a uniform view of these . as a consequence , the integration of heterogeneous information sources has become a field of investigation of growing importance . the schematic and semantic heterogeneity is one of the difficulties in the integration of heterogeneous knowledge and data bases . normally , the information in every information source is stored with regards to their users ' requirements ( e . g . an application ) , disregarding access from other sites or their integration . semantically similar information thus may be stored with different structures ( e . g . a name may be stored either as one string or as two strings split into first name and last name ) and different information representations ( e . g . ranking values can be represented either as numbers or as symbols ) . there are several distinct research and development areas explicitly or implicitly addressing semantic heterogeneity . most approaches reconcile the semantic conflict implicitly . federated databases , for example , integrate local databases into one ( virtual ) global database while at the same time preserving the autonomy of each local database . in loosely-coupled systems like multi-databases query languages are extended to access different information systems . however , they do not help the user with the heterogeneity problem . other groups want to exchange knowledge and data via standards ( e . g . kif , step , etc ) , but the different semantics of the standard and the information source have to be correlated . other approaches take the semantics of knowledge or data more closely into account and represent the semantics explicitly . in the darpa """""""" intelligent information integration """""""" initiative approaches are developed which represent the meaning in ontologies or meta data in contexts . the ontologies may be used to reconcile the conflicts or act as a global domain specification . however , there is still a great number of disciplines whose subtask is at least the integration of information . although each research and development community has its own view of the integration of information sources the basic problems concerning for example the semantic and schematic heterogeneity remain the same . it is an interesting aspect that different groups tackle the problem in different ways . it is the aim of this workshop to bring together these heterogeneous groups in order to create a forum where the participants can compare their individual approaches . theme - - - - the interdisciplinary workshop of """""""" intelligent information integration """""""" covers all topics related to the integration of heterogeneous data , information and knowledge sources . the workshop will bring together researchers , developers , and practitioners and discuss further research and development directions in intelligent integration of information . topics of interest include , but are not limited to : - wrappers and mediators - integration approaches using ontologies / contexts - design principles for ontologies used for integration - languages for information integration - advanced integration architectures - semantic , schematic , vocabulary , data heterogeneity - information sources in internet , intranet - classification schemes ( for mediators , semantic heterogeneity , etc . ) - tools for supporting information integration - reviews and evaluation of existing integration approaches - practical experience with integration approaches - theoretical perspectives of information integrations - ontology mapping , ontology algebras and context logic - intelligent information retrieval - security aspects - change management - federated databases and multi-databases - integration of uncertain or inaccurate sources submission procedure - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - authors are invited to submit original research contributions or experience reports in english . submitted papers must be unpublished and substantially different from papers under review . papers that have been or will be presented at small workshops / symposia whose proceedings are available only to the attendees may be submitted . papers should be double-spaced and no longer than 12 pages . as text formats only latex or microsoft word 6 . 0 ( or higher ) are accepted . papers should be sent electronically not later than march 27 . 1998 to holger wache < wache @ tzi . org > authors that cannot submit papers electronically should please send 5 hard-copies to the following address : holger wache bereich intelligente systeme technologie - zentrum informatik ( tzi ) - fb3 universitaet bremen postfach 330440 d-28334 bremen germany papers received after the deadline or not conforming to the submission format will be rejected without review . papers will be selected on the basis of review of full paper contributions . we propose to publish the contributions in public report series of university of bremen ( """""""" lila reihe """""""" ) and via www . the format guidelines for the final paper version will be published at this place . final camera-ready copies of accepted papers will be due by june 01 1998 . please note , we are preparing a special issue in a journal concerning the workshop topic . selected papers will be invited to contribute a revised and extended version in that special issue . important dates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - deadline for papers : march 27 , 1998 notification of acceptance : may 01 , 1998 camera - ready copies of papers : june 01 , 1998 workshop on ecai-98 : august 25 , 1998 organizing committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - this workshop will be organized by the following people : o oliver duschka o dieter fensel o maurizio lenzerini o marie - christine rousset o holger wache ( contact ) program committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - o franz baader ( rwth aachen , germany ) , o stefan conrad ( university of magdeburg , germany ) , o adam faquar ( stanford university , usa ) , o enrico franconi ( irst , italy ) , o james hendler ( university of maryland , usa ) , o manfred jeusfeld ( kub tilburg university , the netherlands ) , o craig a . knoblock ( university of southern california , usa ) , o alon y . levy ( university of washington , usa ) , o eduardo mena ( university of the basque country , spain ) , o robert meersman ( vrije universiteit brussel , belgium ) , o werner nutt ( hebrew university of jerusalem , israel ) , o mike papazoglou ( kub tilburg university , the netherlands ) , o john sowa ( binghamton university , usa )
  """",0
  2290,""""Subject: wholes and their parts
   
   wholes and their parts ( w / p ) bolzano , maretsch castle , 17-19 june 1998 , italy * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * updates - - updates - - updates - - updates * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1 . the list of speakers includes bill lawvere , john bell , ieke moerdjik , colin mclarty , carlo cellucci , steve vickers , gonzalo reyes , john mayberry , niles eldredge , alberto peruzzi , roberto poli , ettore casari , alf zimmer , ron langacker , george lakoff , basil hiley . 2 . having received a number of requests for adding further talks to the conference 's programme , alberto and i decided to reorganize the schedule of the works as to find time for some short presentations of 20 ' each . scholars interested in giving a short presentation ( 20 ' ) should submit before march 31 an extended abstract ( < 5 , 000 words ) to the addresses below . notification will be mailed to the authors for april 15 . we are also ready to consider contributions to the volume of proceedings . information will be mailed to the interested scholars in due time . 3 . to keep you updated with more information on the conference this is the url for the w / p home page : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / imc . htm 4 . conference committee : alberto peruzzi : peruzzi @ dada . it roberto poli : poli @ risc1 . gelso . unitn . it * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * roberto poli department of sociology and social research 26 , verdi street 38100 trento - - italy tel . + + 39-461 - 881-403 fax : + + 39-461 - 881-348 e-mail : poli @ risc1 . gelso . unitn . it axiomathes : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / axiomathes . htm imc : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / imc . htm
  """",0
  2291,""""Subject: coling - acl ' 98 workshops cfps
   
   below are two coling - acl ' 98 workshop calls for papers : - the computational treatment of nominals - usage of wordnet in natural language processing systems they are seperated by : call for papers coling - acl ' 98 workshop """""""" the computational treatment of nominals """""""" august 16 , 1998 universite de montreal montreal / canada http : / / www . cs . brandeis . edu / ~ federica / workshops / coling / call . html this workshop aims at bringing together researchers who are interested in the study of the computational properties of nominals and noun phrases . the focus is on representational questions as they relate directly to nlp requirements and applications . understanding the properties of the nominal system is extremely important since nouns and nominalizations are used extensively by both people and systems : searching and communicating with either a telegraphic or a more expressive language involves heavy use of nominal forms . a number of nlp applications , ranging from """""""" intelligent """""""" key-word search to text summarization and information extraction , among others , not only require some way of recognizing nominal forms , but also require at least a shallow understanding of the semantic information that nouns carry . it is therefore of great interest to consider what impact representing semantic knowledge at a finer level of granularity would have towards enhancing a system 's performance . submissions are invited on one or more of the following topics : * representation of nominals : o design of noun ontologies for use in lexical semantics and machine translation o ambiguity , polysemy , vagueness , and underspecification in the semantics of nominals o identifying the minimal requirements for lexical representations * representational issues in the acquisition of knowledge : o from corpora o from mrds o syntactic and morphological bootstrapping o semantic boostrapping ( role of prepositions , arguments , etc . ) * role of representations for the interpretation of nominals : o techniques for recovering implicit information in nominals o interpretation and generation of nominals in descriptions of events and abstract objects in discourse o recovering implicit semantic relations in nominal compounds o defining implicit semantic relations between nominalizations and the forms they are derived from organizing committee federica busa ( brandeis university ) inderjeet mani ( the mitre corporation ) patrick saint dizier ( irit , universite paul sabatier ) submission information * papers are invited that address any of the topics listed above . * maximum length is 8 pages ( single-spaced ) including figures and references . * please use a4 or us letter format and set margins so that the text lies within a rectangle of 6 . 5 x 9 inches ( 16 . 5 x 23 cm ) . * use classical fonts such as times roman or computer modern , 11 to 12 points for text , 14 to 16 points for headings and title . * latex users are encouraged to use the style file provided by coling-acl ' 98 : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / colaclsub . sty * authors should send 5 copies in either electronic ( postscript or latex ) or hard-copy format to : federica busa computer science department volen center for complex systems brandeis university waltham , massachusetts 02254 u . s . a . federica @ cs . brandeis . edu criteria for selection will include clarity , originality , relevance , and significance of results . important deadlines * deadline for submission : march 15th , 1998 * notification of authors : may 1st , 1998 * final versions due : june 1 , 1998 program committee * federica busa ( brandeis university ) * jean mark gawron ( sri international ) * bob ingria ( psyche systems corporation ) * beth levin ( northwestern university ) * inderjeet mani ( the mitre corporation ) * paul portner ( georgetown university ) * james pustejovsky ( brandeis university ) * patrick saint dizier ( irit , universit = c8 paul sabatier ) * antonio sanfilippo ( sharp laboratories of europe ) * evelyne viegas ( crl , new mexico state university ) * piek vossen ( university of amsterdam ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dr . inderjeet mani phone : 703-883 - 6149 principal scientist fax : 703-883 - 1379 the mitre corporation , w640 , 11493 sunset hills road , reston , virginia 22090 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . due to some construction problems one of the large machines here had to be shut down , therefore i had to change the url of the workshop to : http : / / www . ai . sri . com / ~ harabagi / coling-acl 98 / acl _ work / acl _ work . html sorry for the inconvenience , sanda harabagiu call for papers = = = coling - acl ' 98 workshop = = """""""" usage of wordnet in natural language processing systems """""""" august 16 , 1998 universite de montreal montreal , canada lexicons are indispensable resources for almost every natural language project . to date , wordnet 1 . 5 represents the largest publicly available on-line lexical resource , already used in various applications of the human language technology . systems performing word sense disambiguation , information extraction or retrieval , prepositional attachment , interpretation of nominalizations , textual summarization , coreference resolution , abductive reasoning conversational implicature , recognition of textual cohesion and coherence , intelligent internet searches and some of the digital libraries projects use wordnet . this workshop intends to bring together researchers that use wordnet in different systems and to focus on two particular issues : ( a ) how to customize the knowledge derived from wordnet for various nlp applications and ( b ) how to derive methods that infer semantic information using wordnet . the contributions might address one or more of the following questions : * what are the nlp applications for which wordnet is a valuable resource and how much effort was involved to integrate it in your systems ? * is wordnet used to build ad-hoc ontologies ? what are the applications that use wordnet - derived ontologies ? * how can wordnet be used to develop a word sense disambiguation algorithm of high performance ? * how to extend wordnet for identifying thematic roles and resolving verb polysemy ? * what minimal customization should be implemented to use wordnet for a large-scale abductive reasoning system ? * is wordnet a lexical knowledge base that can be easily used to adjust information extraction systems across domains ? * are the lexico-semantic relations from wordnet a valid base for developing an extended coreference task for information extraction , and what are the possible methodologies ? * how can wordnet be mined to find textual implied information and what is the degree of plausibility of the returned information ? * what are the approaches of using the extensive linguistic knowledge of wordnet to derive the discourse structure of a text ; can it be the only knowledge source and if not , what additional knowledge may be used ? * what is the current performance boost provided by wordnet in the systems using it ? could your systems perform without wordnet ? * what are the desirable features of wordnet for your system , and what would be the predicted performance increase when having them ? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ organizing committee the workshop is organized by sanda harabagiu ( sri international ) joyce yue chai ( duke university ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ home page : http : / / www . ai . sri . com / ~ harabagi / link _ paper / chpt / acl _ work . html _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ requirements for submission papers are invited that address any of the topics listed above . maximum length is 8 pages including figures and references . please use a4 or us letter format and set margins so that the text lies within a rectangle of 6 . 5 x 9 inches ( 16 . 5 x 23 cm ) . use classical fonts such as times roman or computer modern , 11 to 12 points for text , 14 to 16 points for headings and title . latex users are encouraged to use the style file provided by acl : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / colaclsub . sty papers can be submitted either electronically in postscript format , or as hardcopies . submissions should be sent to : sanda harabagiu sri international 333 ravenswood ave menlo park , ca 94025 u . s . a . ( ph ) ( 650 ) 859-3852 harabagi @ ai . sri . com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ timetable deadline for electronic submissions : march 10 , 1998 deadline for hardcopy submissions : march 13 ( arrival date ) notification of acceptance : may 1 , 1998 final manuscripts due : june 12 , 1998 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ program committee alan biermann ( duke university ) joyce chai ( duke university ) martin chodorow ( new york university ) christiane fellbaum ( princeton university ) fernando gomez ( university of central florida ) ken haase ( mit ) sanda harabagiu ( sri international ) marti hearst ( university of california , berkeley ) graeme hirst ( university of toronto ) claudia leacock ( educational testing service ) mitch marcus ( university of pennsylvania ) george a . miller ( princeton university ) dan moldovan ( southern methodist university ) hwee tou ng ( dso national laboratories , singapore ) philip resnik ( university of maryland ) yorick wilks ( university of sheffield )
  """",0
  2292,""""Subject: multilinguality workshop : cfp
   
   ecai98 second multilinguality in the lexicon workshop august 25th 1998 a workshop held as part of the 13th biennial european conference on artificial intelligence ( ecai-98 ) august 23rd - 28th , 1998 , brighton , uk organising committee : lynne cahill ( university of sussex ) susan armstrong ( issco ) pierette bouillon ( issco ) roger evans ( itri , university of brighton ) web site : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 / tw / w13 . html the 1st multilinguality in the lexicon workshop took place in april 1996 as part of the aisb workshop series at sussex , and brought together researchers with a wide range of experiences in multilingual lexicon development . in this second mll workshop , we invite papers illustrating progress made since the first meeting , as well as papers on new approaches and applications . as before , the workshop will provide an opportunity for people working on all aspects of multilingual lexicons , both theoretical and practical , to focus on the particular problems and questions associated with multilingual lexical representation . papers are invited on any aspects of multilinguality in the lexicon including but not limited to : pragmatics , semantics , syntax , morphology , phonology , orthography ; machine translation , generation , understanding ; bilingual and multilingual issues ; related and unrelated languages ; issues of representation and access . the workshop will run for one day as part of ecai-98 in brighton , uk . to ensure a workshop rather than mini-conference format , presented papers will be interspersed with substantial discussion sessions . in order to maximise participation , attendees not presenting papers ( and perhaps some who are ) may be asked to lead the discussion sessions . submission format : extended abstracts of not more than 6 pages ( a4 ) are invited . submissions should be either hard copy or ( preferebly ) electronic in self-contained latex or postscript files . submissions should include authors ' name , affiliation , email and full postal address and should be sent to : lynne cahill school of cognitive and computing sciences , university of sussex , falmer , brighton bn1 9qh , uk email : lynne . cahill @ cogs . susx . ac . uk important dates : 1 apr submission deadline 1 may notification of acceptance 1 jun deadline for final papers 25 aug workshop further information : to obtain further information about ecai-98 and the workshop please visit the ecai-98 web site at http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 /
  """",0
  2293,""""Subject: modal verbs in germanic & romance languages
   
   call for papers international conference of the linguistic society of belgium modal verbs in germanic and romance languages 11 - 12 december 1998 university of antwerp - uia ( campus wilrijk ) organizers : patrick dendale ( universities of metz and antwerp ) and johan van der auwera ( universiteit antwerpen - uia ) send a one-page abstract to : patrick dendale university of antwerp ( uia ) romaanse universiteitsplein 1 b - 2610 wilrijk belgium deadline : august 15 , 1998 for further information contact patrick dendale johan van der auwera tel + 32 ( 0 ) 3 820 . 28 . 13 tel + 32 ( 0 ) 3 820 . 27 . 76 fax + 32 ( 0 ) 3 820 . 28 . 23 fax + 32 ( 0 ) 3 820 . 27 . 62 pdendale @ uia . ua . ac . be auwera @ uia . ua . ac . be
  """",0
  2294,""""Subject: non - lexical semantics
   
   apologies for multiple copies final call for papers for the second conference on ( preferably ) non-lexical semantics the conference will be hosted by the university of paris 7 ( france ) , and will take place in may 28-30 , 1998 there will be three one hour talks by invited speakers ( e . zimmermann , s . tsohatzidis and x . ) and the rest of the talks will be contributed papers chosen by the program committee on selection basis . submissions of abstracts ( in english or in french ) for 30 - minute contributed talks ( with 10 additional minutes for discussion ) on any topic in the semantic analysis of natural languages , with strong preference for non-lexical semantics , are welcome . authors should submit 5 copies of ( so called """""""" anonymous """""""" ) abstracts , no more than two pages ( but not significantly less than 2 pages ) long . data allowing us to identify and contact the author ( or authors ) should be given separately . e - mail submissions will be accepted ( only when in latex , word or ps ) . in this case authors shoud send a title page with authors ' name , etc . in addition to the anonymous two page abstract . abstract deadline : march 17 , 1998 . send abstract to : conference de semantique c / o r . zuber universite paris 7 ufr linguistique case 7003 2 place jussieu 75251 paris cedex 05 , france the e-mail address to which the abstracts should be sent : rz @ ccr . jussieu . fr . this is also the e-mail address for inquiries . the program of the conference will be completed around the 17th of april at which time conference information will be made available . for organizational reasons we would like to be able to estimate the number of submissions and possible participants well in advance . for this reason we invite any person which would like to submit an abstract or to attend the conference to let us know as soon as possible ( by e-mail ) . program committee : r . zuber - chair ( cnrs , paris ) , f . corblin ( university of rennes ) , b . laca ( university of strasbourg ) , d . lacombe , ( university of paris 7 ) , f . recanati ( cnrs , paris ) , d . wilson ( crea , paris and university college , london )
  """",0
  2295,""""Subject: medieval english language & linguistics
   
   xi international conference on medieval english language and linguistics ( selim ) : vigo ( spain ) , 24-26 sep 1998 ; more information , inscription , call for papers : selim98 @ uvigo . es ; http : / / www . uvigo . es / eventos / congresos / selim98 /
  """",0
  2296,""""Subject: cfp : eamt ' 98 workshop , 2 - 3 april , geneva
   
   1998 eamt workshop geneva , 2 - 3 april 1998 translation technology : integration in the workflow environment translation technology is maturing , becoming an increasingly viable option for companies and organizations looking for ways to improve their multilingual document management capabilities . however , there are still many hurdles remaining before translation support software can be universally adopted within the professional translation environment . the eamt ' 98 workshop will be an ideal opportunity for translators , document managers , software localization engineers and linguists to learn more about translation technology , one of the most fascinating branches of the software world , and to discuss with others when to use the technology and when not . this workshop follows up two successful workshops in vienna in august 1996 and in copenhagen in may 1997 . its theme is the practical use and integration of machine translation and computer-based translation tools in the workflow of a variety of organisations . the two-day workshop will be held at the world health organization in geneva , starting at 9 . 30 on april 2 . the eamt ' 98 workshop will be the only international mt - specific event taking place this year in europe . the eamt organizing committee has adopted a structure designed to maximize the interactive exchange of practical knowledge among the participants . the workshop will include two discussion sessions when participants will have ample opportunity for group discussion , for questioning speakers more fully , and for finding out how these tools will help them in their own situations . please note : the 1998 general assembly of eamt will be held in the afternoon of april 2 , starting at 16 . 45 . preliminary programme ( changes may take place ) april 2 9 . 15 registration and coffee 10 . 00 welcome 10 . 15 dimitri theologitis ( cec ) : latest developments of euramis 10 . 55 susan mccormick ( sap ) on sapterm and otelo 11 . 35 lou cremers on oc \ 233 technologies 12 . 05 lunch 13 . 30 doris marty - albisser on translation workflow 14 . 10 maghi king ( issco ) on the workflow investigation for the eu . 14 . 50 ken garner on alpnet in europe 15 . 30 discussion 16 . 30 break 16 . 45 general assembly april 3 9 . 00 mikhael blekhman on pars systems 9 . 40 joerg schuetz ( iai ) on multidoc 10 . 15 break 10 . 45 pierre lewelle on who reference corpus development 11 . 40 monica beltrametti on xerox tools 12 . 20 lunch 13 . 30 discussion 15 . 00 end workshop venue world health organization main building , salle b , 3rd floor 20 avenue appia , ch-1211 geneva 27 registration eamt members will receive / will have received a preliminary program , a list of suggested hotels and a registration form . registration fees : standard registration : sfr 400 , eamt member : sfr 250 , student : sfr 150 further information questions related to local arrangements , contact : olivier pasteur , tel + 41 22 791 2317 , fax + 41 22 791 3995 , email pasteuro @ who . ch for queries related to the programme , contact : john hutchins , email wjhutchins @ compuserve . com for last-minute information about the eamt ' 98 workshop or general information regarding the eamt , contact : european association for machine translation ( eamt ) 54 route des acacias , ch-1227 carouge ( geneva ) , switzerland internet eamt @ cst . ku . dk www . lim . nl / eamt the european association for machine translation is a nonprofit association registered in switzerland . colin brace < cbrace @ lim . nl > amsterdam nl
  """",0
  2297,""""Subject: bilingualism
   
   2nd international symposium on bilingualism 14-17 april , 1999 university of newcastle upon tyne , uk keynote speakers michael clyne ( monash ) francois grosjean ( neuchatel ) monica heller ( oise , toronto ) carol myers scotton ( south carolina ) colloquia 1 . cross - linguistic studies of language acquisition ( marilyn m . vihman : m . vihman @ bangor . ac . uk and ginny mueller gathercole : v . c . gathercole @ bangor . ac . uk ) 2 . bilingual cognitive processing ( david green : ucjtdg @ ucl . ac . uk ) 3 . input in bilingual acquisition ( annick de houwer : vhouwer @ uia . ua . ac . be and elizabeth lanza : elizabeth . lanza @ ilf . uio . no ) 4 . neurolinguistics and acquired communication disorders in bilinguals ( franco fabbro and nick miller : nicholas . miller @ ncl . ac . uk ) 5 . bilingualism in / and the deaf community ( clare gallaway : gallaway @ fs1 . ed . man . ac . uk ) 6 . grammar and codeswitching ( jeanine treffers - daller : j-treffersdaller @ wpg . uwe . ac . uk and ad backus : backus @ ling . ucsd . edu ) 7 . sociolinguistics of bilingual interaction ( ben rampton : ben . rampton @ tvu . ac . uk , mukul saxena : m . saxena @ ucrysj . ac . uk and li wei : li . wei @ ncl . ac . uk ) 8 . trilingualism and trilinguals ( charlotte hoffman : c . hoffman @ mod . lang . salford . ac . uk ) round - table issues of identification and intervention in speech therapy services for the bilingual population ( chair : deirdre martin : martinm @ edusrv1 . bham . ac . uk ) invitation to participants submissions are invited for oral or poster presentations , on all aspects of bilingualism . papers which are based on empirical research and which seek to forge new links between established fields ( e . g . linguistics , psychology , speech & language pathology , sociology , and education ) or to develop new sub-fields are particularly welcome . contributors to the colloquia and round-table should contact the organisers informally as indicated above . all submissions will be peer-reviewed , anonymously , and selected on the grounds of originality , clarity , and significance of findings and conclusions . submission of abstracts each submission should include : 1 ) a cover sheet containing ( a ) the author ( s ) name ( s ) ; ( b ) address ( including telephone number , e-mail and fax , if available ) ; ( c ) affiliation ; ( d ) the title of the presentation ; ( e ) the category of the submission ( oral presentation at parallel session or poster presentation ) ; and ( f ) equipment required for presentation ; and 2 ) three copies of an abstract of no more than 500 words . only hard-copies are considered ( no e-mails pleases ) . abstracts should be sent , by 31 august , 1998 , to : mrs gillian cavagan , isb organising committee , department of speech , university of newcastle upon tyne , ne1 7ru , uk , fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 191 222 6518 , from whom further details may also be obatined ( e - mail : gillian . cavagan @ newcastle . ac . uk ) . for further details and registration forms , please see : http : / / www . ncl . ac / ~ nspeech
  """",0
  2298,""""Subject: linguistics colloquium - - spring 98
   
   call for papers 1998 spring linguistics colloquium the university of north carolina at chapel hill saturday , march 21 , 1998 guest speaker : ivan sag , stanford university papers on any aspect of the study of language will be considered . please submit an abstract of your paper and include any other relevant information , such as a need for audio-visual equipment or special scheduling considerations . presentations will be limited to 30 minutes including discussion . deadline for submission of abstracts is friday , february 27 , 1998 . please submit abstracts to : 1998 spring linguistics colloquium 318 dey hall , cb # 3155 the university of north carolina at chapel hill chapel hill , nc 27599 email inquiries may be sent to hcb @ email . unc . edu
  """",0
  2299,""""Subject: ecology of language acquisition
   
   ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ecology of language acquisition international research workshop university of amsterdam , netherlands 11 - 15 january 1999 * * * * * * * * first announcement * * * * * * * * this workshop re-examines certain assumptions implicit in much language acquisition research to date , such as the primacy of the one-speaker - one-hearer interaction ; the predominance of verbal over prosodic and paralinguistic dimensions of talk ; a static interpretation of """""""" context """""""" and participant roles ; and the presupposition of a monolingual / monocultural social matrix . the focus of the meeting is thus the complexity of circumstances in which the language acquirer operates , addressed in such questions as : * how should discourse-analytic and anthropological descriptions of communicative interaction be integrated to account not only for """""""" conversation """""""" , multi-party and ritual talk , but also man-machine interaction and forms of virtual participation in the networks of cyberspace ? * how should the notion of """""""" shared context """""""" be extended to capture the floor shifts and on-line construction of meaning that take place over the progress of an unfolding discourse ? * how can theories of acquisition be made more sensitive to complex linguistic and sociocultural environments that are to varying degrees plural , mixed , and in flux ? the intention is to bring together people and paradigms from l1 and l2 acquisition research with the aim of exploring from an empirical base how the multiple contexts of language acquisition are interrelated , and how , with ecosystemic validity , such interrelations may be theoretically modelled . participation although we are obliged to limit """""""" real """""""" participation to 30 people , we are making provision for a form of remote partial participation via e-mail ( with possible audio links ) . further details will follow in future announcements . meanwhile , if you think you will be interested in participating in either capacity , it would help our planning to send us an e-mail message to this effect . in the programme there will be room for some 12 papers , thematically grouped , with keynote speakers . if you would like to propose a paper , please send in an abstract ( maximum 300 words ) by e-mail before 15 april to : e-mail : ecolang @ hum . uva . nl ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ web page : http : / / www . let . uva . nl / ~ ecolang ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ this workshop is being organized by jet van dam , jonathan leather and anne bannink ( faculty of humanities , university of amsterdam )
  """",0
  2300,""""Subject: talc98 : second call for proposals
   
   * - * - * - * - * - * - * t a l c 98 * - * - * - * - * - * - * teaching and language corpora 1998 keble college , oxford , 24 - 27 july 1998 second call for proposals * note extended deadline * the use of large computer-held corpora of real language , no longer novel in linguistic research , is increasingly a focus of attention for language teachers . experiments in data driven learning and corpus-based methods are beginning to bear fruit in a wide range of language teaching environments . this international conference will bring together practitioners and theorists with a common interest in the usability of corpus data for such purposes as : * language teaching and learning * student-centred learning and investigation * cross-linguistic comparison * cultural and historical studies following the highly successful talc94 and talc96 conferences at lancaster university , talc98 invites proposals for position papers , reports of work in progress , case-histories of successful corpus applications , and introductions to relevant new resources . the programme will include plenary lectures from professor jean aitchison ( oxford ) and from jeremy clear ( cobuild ) . other speakers will include : guy aston ( bologna ) ; lou burnard ( oxford ) ; prof michael hoey ( liverpool ) ; knut hofland ( bergen ) ; bernhard kettemann ( graz ) ; tony mcenery ( lancaster ) ; chris tribble ( warsaw ) . for further details , please read the conference web site at http : / / users . ox . ac . uk / ~ talc98 / , or send enquiries by email to talc98 @ oucs . ox . ac . uk . timetable abstracts ( 500 - 1000 words ) should be submitted to arrive by 20 march 1998 . all proposals will be reviewed . authors of accepted papers will be notified by 10 april 1998 . the programme will be finalised during may 1998 . full papers ( up to 5000 words ) must be received by 1 june for inclusion in the conference pre-print volume . the conference will run from lunchtime on friday 24 july to lunchtime on monday july 27th , with a single strand of presentations . there will be a book and software exhibit in parallel . venue and cost keble college is located in the heart of oxford , one of the most beautiful university cities in europe , which is easily accessible by road , rail , or air from most major cities . all delegates will be accomodated in modern fully-equipped study-bedrooms within a few minutes walk of the conference centre and all facilities . a single fee of approximately 350 pounds will be charged , covering meals and accomodation , registration , proceedings , and social events for the whole conference . how to submit a proposal proposals for papers should include the following * authors full name and affiliation * title of proposal * contact details ( email , url , phone , fax , postal ) * 500 to 1000 words description of the proposed presentation proposals may be sent via the web page at http : / / users . ox . ac . uk / ~ talc98 / proposals . html or by email , fax , or post , using the form below - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - reminder : the closing date for applications is now 20 march 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * talc98 proposal * * * * * * * * * * * name : affiliation : title of proposal : email : url : telephone : fax : contact address : abstract ( 500 to 1000 words ) : please return completed forms to talc98 , humanities computing unit , 13 banbury rd , oxford ox2 6nn , uk email : talc98 @ oucs . ox . ac . uk fax : + 44 1865 273 275
  """",0
  2301,""""Subject: iatl 14 : final cfp
   
   the 14th annual meeting - - - israeli association for theoretical linguistics iatl 14 june 8 - 9 1998 ben gurion university , beer sheva invited speakers : nina hyams ( ucla ) guglielmo cinque ( university of venice ) iatl 14 , the 14th annual meeting of the israeli association for theoretical linguistics , will be held in ben gurion university , beer sheva , on june 8 - 9 1998 . submissions are invited for papers presenting high quality , previously unpublished research in all areas of theoretical linguistics . please send 7 copies of an anonymous abstract ( maximum length 2 pages ) accompanied by a card with author 's name , affiliation , e / snail-mail , and title of paper to : iatl 14 linguistics programme , department of english , the hebrew university , jerusalem 91905 israel . deadline : march 1 , 1998 . not more than one single-authored abstract per person , plus one co-authored abstract . further information : msjihad @ pluto . mscc . huji . ac . il
  """",0
  2302,""""Subject: glow ' 98 - - ' phonological opacity ' and ' agreement systems '
   
   glow celebrates its 20th anniversary with the 21st glow colloquim hosted by linguistics at tilburg university ( kub ) in the netherland , april 15-17 , 1998 , followed by two simultaneous workshops , """""""" phonological opacity """""""" and """""""" agreement systems """""""" on april 18 . the programs are given below . for complete information on attending the conference , as well as hotel booking and pre-registration forms , see our web site at http : / / cwis . kub . nl / ~ fdl / research / gm / glow / glow98 / if you do not have web access , send an e - mail to glow ' 98 , c / o conchita . barbe @ kub . nl or write : glow ` 98 c / o linguistics dept . tilburg university p . o . b . 90153 nl-5000 - le tilburg , the netherlands we can also be contacted by fax + 31-13 - 4663110 and phone 31-13 - 4662773 . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = glow ' 98 : program for main session wednesday , april 15 9 : 00 l ' ia nash & alain rouveret """""""" feature fission and the syntax of argument dps and clitics """""""" 10 : 30 marc van oostendorp """""""" phonological feature domains and the content of epenthetic vowels """""""" 11 : 30 keren rice & trisha causley """""""" asymmetries in featural markedness : place of articulation """""""" 14 : 00 marcel den dikken & rint sybesma """""""" take serials light up the middle """""""" 15 : 00 maya arad """""""" stativity , eventiveness , agentivity : object experiencers revisited """""""" 16 : 30 paolo acquaviva """""""" uniform lexicalization : deriving spell-out without [ + / - strong ] features """""""" 17 : 30 gereon mueller """""""" feature strengthening """""""" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ thursday , april 16 9 : 00 rose - marie dechaine & mireille tremblay """""""" on category features """""""" 10 : 30 anna - maria di sciullo """""""" features and asymmetrical relations in morphological objects """""""" 11 : 30 elizabeth ritter & heidi harley """""""" meaning in morphology : a feature-geometric analysis of person and number """""""" 14 : 00 artemis alexiadou & elena anagnostopoulou """""""" restrictions on argument placement : adjacency on case - assignment and an ambiguity with attract f """""""" 15 : 00 javier ormazabal & juan romero """""""" attract - f : a case against case """""""" 16 : 30 m . rita manzini & leonardo m . savoia """""""" object inflection """""""" 17 : 30 business meeting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ friday , april 17 9 : 00 hamida demirdache & myriam uribe - etxebarria """""""" on the projection of temporal structure in natural languages """""""" 10 : 30 richard campbell """""""" case features , pro , and definiteness effects """""""" 11 : 30 ana maria martins """""""" on the need of underspecified features in syntax : polarity as a case study """""""" 14 : 00 jairo nunes & eduardo raposo """""""" portuguese inflected infinitivals and the configurations for feature checking """""""" 15 : 00 ricardo etxepare """""""" paratactic dependencies and covert merge """""""" 16 : 30 gorka elordieta """""""" the phonological import of syntactic features """""""" 17 : 30 jonathan david bobaljik """""""" the autonomy of syntax and the typology of movement """""""" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ alternates , syntax : 1 . danny fox : """""""" successive cyclicity : evidence from reconstruction and antecedent contained deletion """""""" 2 . chung - hye han : """""""" cross - linguistic variation in the compatibility between negation and imperatives """""""" 3 . eric haeberli : """""""" features , categories and checking """""""" alternates , phonology : 1 . g . l . piggott : """""""" on features as attributes of prosodic categories """""""" 2 . harry van der hulst & nancy ritter : """""""" minimalism at a micro-level : primitives of phonological structure """""""" = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = glow ' 98 : program for the phonology workshop saturday , april 18 9 : 00 david odden """""""" cyclicity and counterfeeding in kimatuumbi """""""" 10 : 30 marc van oostendorp """""""" non - derivational opacity in allomorph selection """""""" 11 : 30 ronald sprouse """""""" enriched input sets as a source of opacity in ot """""""" 14 : 00 orhan orgun ( invited speaker ) """""""" phonological opacity and synchronically arbitrary alternations : what two-level phonology can contribute to ot """""""" 15 : 00 ania lubowicz """""""" derived environment effects in ot """""""" 16 : 30 william idsardi """""""" opacity , sympathy and derivations """""""" 17 : 30 morris halle ( invited speaker ) """""""" english stress , 1968-1998 """""""" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ alternates : 1 . mary bradshaw : """""""" opacity of penult tone contrast in siswati verbs """""""" 2 . randall rose : """""""" redundancy in optimality theory : the place of scanning in a constraint-based approach """""""" = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = glow ' 98 : program for the syntax workshop saturday , april 18 9 : 00 m . rita manzini & m . l . savoia """""""" subject - verb and expletive-associate agreement """""""" 10 : 30 oystein alexander vangsnes """""""" the role of gender agreement in scandinavian : a study of possessive constructions in four swedish dialects """""""" 11 : 30 greville corbett ( invited speaker ) """""""" agreement systems : feature mismatches and the pervasiveness of agreement choices """""""" 14 : 00 m . teresa guasti & luigi rizzi """""""" non - agreeing do in child english and the expression of agr """""""" 15 : 00 henry davis """""""" person splits , phi - features and temporal architecture """""""" 16 : 30 lynn nichols """""""" agreement and locality in lexical structure """""""" 17 : 30 maria bittner ( invited speaker ) """""""" on agreement and definiteness """""""" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ alternates : 1 . josef bayer & alexander grosu : """""""" agreement as a licensing and blocking factor : towards a solution of an apparent paradox """""""" 2 . ileana paul : """""""" exceptional agreement in malagasy """"""""
  """",0
  2303,""""Subject: language maintenance and loss
   
   third international conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands november 26 - november 27 , 1998 call for papers and registration introduction in line with the two previous international conferences on maintenance and loss of minority languages ( noordwijkerhout , the netherlands ; 1988 and 1992 ) , the aim of this conference is to bring together recent developments from various disciplines . the ambition of this third conference is to offer a major contribution to a theoretical discussion on the determinants of language shift and language loss , supported by the exchange of new research data . while the two preceding conferences concentrated mainly on the questions ` what is lost of the language ? ' ( structural-linguistic aspects ) and ` why does shift occur ? ' ( sociological and social-psychological explanatory factors ) , the veldhoven conference will focus on two questions ; ` why does shift occur ? ' and ` how is a language lost ? ' , i . e . , what are the psycholinguistic processes involved in language loss ? emphasis will be on the interaction between the process of transferring from the first to the second language and the gradual decline of skills in the first language , at the individual and group levels . the conference takes place on two consecutive days . plenary speakers are invited to make inspiring and thought-provoking remarks on the two conference themes outlined above , as well as on the broader theoretical framework . together with the contributions of the free paper presenters , the interaction between plenary speakers and participants forms the input for workshops and a round table discussion on the development of an integrated theoretical framework . this framework can then serve as a renewed starting point for continued research into language shift and loss in the new millennium . the organizing committee is also open to contributions from disciplines that have recently entered or touched upon the field and may shed a new light on the language change processes involved . the organizing committee will determine the best manner in which the results of the conference can be published . programme the conference will consist of three sections . the first section addresses the sociological and social-psychological explanatory context in which language shift processes take place . the second section deals with language attrition from a psycholinguistic perspective , and the third is fully devoted to the building of an integrated explanatory framework for processes of language shift and loss . in memory of willem fase , one of the initiators of the first and second conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages , who died in 1997 , a new forum called the willem fase lecture has been set up . this plenary lecture forum will be granted to a promising scholar , to be selected from the abstracts submitted . thursday , november 26 , 1998 section i : language shift from a sociological and social-psychological perspective 08 . 30-09 . 30 registration at koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands tea / coffee 09 . 30-10 . 00 conference opening 10 . 00-11 . 00 plenary session : lesley milroy 11 . 00-12 . 00 plenary session : richard bourhis 12 . 00-13 . 00 lunch 13 . 00-13 . 45 parallel sessions of free papers 13 . 45-14 . 30 parallel sessions 14 . 30-15 . 15 parallel sessions 15 . 15-15 . 30 closing session of section i 15 . 30-16 . 00 tea / coffee section ii : language loss from a psycholinguistic perspective 16 . 00-17 . 00 plenary session : kees de bot 17 . 00-17 . 45 parallel sessions 17 . 45-18 . 30 parallel sessions 19 . 00-20 . 30 dinner friday , november 27 , 1998 section ii continued : language loss from a psycholinguistic perspective 08 . 30-09 . 30 plenary session : joel walters 09 . 30-10 . 15 parallel sessions 10 . 15-10 . 30 closing session of section ii 10 . 30-11 . 00 tea / coffee 11 . 00-12 . 00 plenary session : willem fase lecture 12 . 00-13 . 00 lunch section iii : towards an integrated explanatory framework for processes of language shift and loss 13 . 00-15 . 00 preparatory workshops 15 . 00-15 . 30 tea / coffee 15 . 30-17 . 00 round table chaired by michael clyne 17 . 00-17 . 30 closing session of conference general information conference secretariat tilburg university research group on language and minorities c / o heleen strating - keurentjes p . o . box 90153 nl-5000 le tilburg tel + 31 13 4662588 fax + 31 13 4663110 e - mail language . loss . 98 @ kub . nl organizing committee - dr . ton ammerlaan , arnhem school of business - madeleine hulsen , university of nijmegen - dr . jetske klatter - folmer , tilburg university - heleen strating - keurentjes , tilburg university - piet van avermaet , university of leuven - dr . kutlay yagmur , tilburg university scientific committee - prof . kees de bot , university of nijmegen - prof . michael clyne , monash university , melbourne - prof . joshua fishman , stanford university , california / yeshiva university , new york - prof . koen jaspaert , university of leuven - dr . sjaak kroon , tilburg university location the conference will be held at koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands . this modern conference center is situated in forested areas , only fifteen minutes from the city of eindhoven and eindhoven airport . all rooms have a shower , toilet , television and telephone . koningshof offers a wide range of indoor and outdoor sports and leisure facilities , including a swimming pool , sauna , fitness club and squash court . registration and fees for registration , all participants ( including authors of submitted abstracts of papers ) are requested to mail the attached registration form before august 1 , 1998 . the registration fees are : dfl 410 conference programme and full board , before july 1 , 1998 . dfl 460 conference programme and full board , after july 1 , 1998 . dfl 235 conference programme , before july 1 , 1998 . dfl 285 conference programme , after july 1 , 1998 . please add an additional dfl 10 to cover international transfer charges if subscribing from abroad . the fee for the programme covers the conference fee , lunches on thursday and friday , tea / coffee during breaks , and the foreseen conference publication . the fee for full board additionally covers a single-room accommodation for one night including breakfast at koningshof conference center on thursday / friday as well as dinner on thursday . you will receive confirmation of registration , and the final programme at the end of august , 1998 . those who arrive earlier or wish to stay longer must take care of further accommodations themselves . they can contact the conference secretariat . payment of fees all payments should reach us either before june 15 , 1998 or ultimately by august 1 , 1998 ( see registration and fees ) . fees should be paid in dutch guilders to : kub / flw , account number 2386602 , mentioning ' code 1 . 8210 . w334 ' . cancellations the conference secretariat should be notified of cancellations in writing . if cancellations are received before august 1 , 1998 all fees , minus a cancellation charge of 25 % will be refunded . if cancelled after august 1 , but before september 1 , 1998 the cancellation charge will be 50 % . no refunds will be made for cancellations received later than september 1 , 1998 . submission of papers all those intending to present a paper in the free paper parallel sessions are requested to submit a one-page abstract before april 15 , 1998 . abstracts are for 35 - minute papers ( plus 10 minutes for discussion ) . please send three double-spaced copies of the abstract , of which two should be without any identification of author or affiliation , and the third should include your name , affiliation , postal address , e-mail , fax and phone number . you are also asked to include a diskette containing the abstract ( preferably in word perfect 5 . 1 or higher ) . please state at the top of each copy for which section of the conference the abstract is intended ( section i or ii ) . english will be the official language and the preferred language for the presentation of papers . notification of acceptance of the paper will be sent before june 1 , 1998 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration form third international conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages , koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands , november 26 - november 27 , 1998 . please fill out completely and return to the conference secretariat before july 1 , or ultimately before august 1 , 1998 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ o male / o female name , initials : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . first name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . institution : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mailing address : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tel . / fax : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e - mail : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please register me for : o conference programme and full board , before july 1 , 1998 . dfl 410 o conference programme and full board , after july 1 , 1998 . dfl 460 o conference programme , before july 1 , 1998 . dfl 235 o conference programme , after july 1 , 1998 . dfl 285 i hereby confirm that the fees have been remitted to the kub / flw account ( see \ 171payment of fees \ 187 ) . special requests or requirements : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . place / date : signature :
  """",0
  2304,""""Subject: generative grammar
   
   the 8th colloquium on generative grammar will be held in palmela , portugal , from april 19 until 22 . enclosed is the program and information concerning accommodation and registration . 8th colloquium on generative grammar palmela , 19-22 april 1998 program april 19 17 . 00 - registration 18 . 30 - invited speaker anna maria di sciullo ( uqam ) local asymmetries in romance , morphological paradigms and morphological objects 20 . 30 - dinner party at the castle april 20 9 . 00 - spanish indefinites in a type - driven logical form javier guti \ 233rrez - rexach ( ohio state university ) 9 . 40 - two types of cognate objects asya pereltsvaig ( mcgill university ) 10 . 20 - some remarks on nominal features juan romero ( uam ) coffee 11 . 20 - contrast dialectal i escales articulat \ 242ries : la sonoritzaci \ 243 d ' obstruents en catal \ 224 jes \ 250s jim \ 233nez martinez ( univ . of valencia ) 12 . 00 - between syntax and phonology : phrasal weight effects in european portuguese . marina vig \ 225rio and s \ 243nia frota ( univ . minho & univ . lisbon ) 12 . 40 - the analysis of stress within ot : constraints , ranking and correspondence theory . teresa vallverd \ 250 alboru \ 224 ( uab ) lunch 14 . 00 - paratactic dependencies and covert merge ricardo etxeparre ( l . e . i . a . / c . u . s ) 14 . 40 - the reflexive / medio-passive merger : diachronic syntax under minimalist assumptions . mark hale and madelyn kissock ( concordia univ . ; oakland univ . ) 15 . 20 - restructuring control susi wurmbrand ( mit ) tea 16 . 20 - post - verbal subjects with unaccusative verbs and passive forms , case assignment and definiteness restriction . ana maria brito ( univ . porto ) 17 . 00 - some remarks on denominal verbs silvia gumiel , norberto moreno , isabel p \ 233rez and juan romero ( ortega y gasset ) 17 . 40 - towards deriving the epp and abstract case eric haeberli ( univ . of geneva ) april 21 9 . 00 - soft constraints vs parameters in the analysis of discourse - configurationality joao costa ( hil / leiden univ . & univ . of lisbon ) 9 . 40 - what merge and move can or can't do luis l \ 243pez ( univ . of missouri ) 10 . 20 - focus and economy in scrambling languages natalia kondrashova ( cornell university ) coffee 11 . 20 - vowel quality and prosodic structure in brazilian portuguese ruben van de vijver ( tuebingen university ) 12 . 00 - dominancia del troqueo valenciano teresa cabr \ 233 monn \ 233 ( uab ) 12 . 40 - raddoppiamento sintattico as an epiphenomenon young - mee yu cho ( rutgers university ) lunch 14 . 00 - rhythmic differences between brazilian and european portuguese : evidence from rhythm implementation and the pf interface . maria bernadete abaurre & charlotte galves ( unicamp ) 14 . 40 - case splits , animacy and burzio 's generalization diane nelson ( leeds univ ) 15 . 20 - minimalism , antisymmetry and the dynamics of morphological strength frank drijkoningen ( ots / utrecht university ) tea 16 . 20 - movement across """""""" de """""""" virginia motapanyane ( univ . of new brunswick ) 17 . 00 - conflation processes revisited jaume mateu i fontanals ( uab ) 17 . 40 - nominale senza articolo e lingue germaniche paola crisma ( padova univ ) april 22 9 . 00 - unaccusativity mismatches in greek artemis alexiadou & elena anagnastopoulou ( potsdam university & mit ) 9 . 40 - two sources for relative clause formation in brazilian portuguese mary kato & jairo nunes ( unicamp ) 10 . 20 - on dative arguments and shortest move beatriz fernandez fernandez ( univ . basque country ) 11 . 00 - subjunctive free relatives and free choice descriptions josep quer ( ots / utrecht univ ) coffee 12 . 15 - invited speaker : heles contreras ( univ . washington , seattle ) negation in english and spanish alternates : syntax : conditions on optional movement - kumiko ikeda ( univ . arkansas ) the syntax of argument structure and """""""" entre """""""" - phrases revisited - linda escobar ( madrid ) negative concord in simple sentences - eva berkes ( univ . complutense madrid ) feature strength and pied - piping - norvin richards ( mit ) phonology : inherent vs . prosodic features in sign language phonology - diana brentari ( purdue univ ) palmela how to get to palmela : on sunday 19th , there will be a bus leaving from lisbon airport to the conference site , castle of palmela , at 16 . 00 . may you not want to take the bus , please follow the directions below : by car : from lisbon airport , go to a2 , direction set \ 250bal ( south ) . take the exit at palmela and follow the directions to palmela and to the castle . by bus : from lisbon airport , take a taxi to pra \ 231a de espanha . take the bus to set \ 250bal - end stop ( bus station ) . there , take a bus to palmela . get off at the stop in palmela , and walk or take a taxi to the castle . fees and lodging the colloquium fees is pte 7 500 $ 00 ( about us $ 42 ) , from which the participants presenting talks are exempted . the organising committee is trying to raise funds to give grants to such participants . the colloquium will take place in pousada de palmela , located in a castle which once belonged to the military order of santiago , about 40 kms away from lisbon . as the pousada only has 25 rooms available , participants wishing to be lodged there are strongly recommended to make an early booking . alternative lodging will be available in a hotel in set \ 250bal , about 7 kms away from the pousada ; the organising committee will provide transportation between set \ 250bal and the pousada in the morning and late in the afternoon . participants wishing to book their accommodation and meals through the organising committee may choose one of the following packages : package 1 : lodging in a double room and breakfast at the pousada de palmela ( 19-20 , 20-21 , 21-22 ) + dinner ( 19 ) + lunches ( 20 , 21 ) + coffee - break ( 5 ) + registration fee = pte 46 500 $ 00 package 2 : lodging in a single room and breakfast at the pousada de palmela ( 19-20 , 20-21 , 21-22 ) + dinner ( 19 ) + lunches ( 20 , 21 ) + coffee - break ( 5 ) + registration = pte 74 000 $ 00 package 3 : lodging in a double room and breakfast at the albergaria laitau , set \ 250bal ( 19-20 , 20-21 , 21-22 ) + dinner ( 19 ) + lunches ( 20 , 21 ) + coffee - break ( 5 ) + registration fee = pte 32 500 $ 00 package 4 : lodging in a single room and breakfast at the albergaria laitau , set \ 250bal ( 19-20 , 20-21 , 21-22 ) + dinner ( 19 ) + lunches ( 20 , 21 ) + coffee - break ( 5 ) + registration fee = pte 42 500 $ 00 package 5 : dinner ( 19 ) + lunches ( 20 , 21 ) + coffee - break ( 5 ) + registration fee = pte 22 500 $ 00 colloquium secretariat all mail should be sent to : 1 . gabriela matos dlgr , faculdade de letras da universidade de lisboa alameda da universidade 1699 lisboa codex portugal fax : 351 - 1-7960063 or 2 . manuela . ambar @ fl . ul . pt
  """",0
  2305,""""Subject: sociolinguistics symposium
   
   reminder : you can still register ( at the standard rate of 140 pounds sterling until february 28 , thereafter 160 pounds ) for ' ss12 ' - the 12th ( uk ) sociolinguistics symposium . this is the sociolympics - at least on the european side of the atlantic ! ' ss12 ' will be held at the institute of education university of london 20 bedford way london wc1h oal uk from thursday 26th march ( mid-day ) to saturday 28th march ( mid-day ) 1998 programme plenaries colloquia papers in parallel sessions short ' work in progress ' reports poster presentations publishers displays social events british sign language interpretation available to participants who request this in advance . academic organising committee professor jenny cheshire , queen mary & westfield college , university of london ; professor jennifer coates , roehampton institute london ; dr penelope gardner - chloros , birkbeck college , university of london ; dr ben rampton & celia roberts , thames valley university ; euan reid , institute of education , university of london . ; professor brian street , king 's college , university of london . plenaries professor jan blommaert ( university of antwerp / international pragmatics association ) : reconstructing the sociolinguistic image of africa : grassroots writing in shaba , congo . professor debbie cameron ( university of strathclyde , glasgow ) , good to talk ? the discourse and practice of communication skills . professor penny eckert ( stanford university ) variation , style & identity . professor susan gal ( university of chicago ) language ideologies and linguistic boundaries : the semiotics of differentiation . colloquia 1 . speech representation & institutional discourse convenors : stef slembrouck , dept of english , university of gent , belgium & mike baynham , centre for language & literacy , university of technology , sydney this colloquium aims to bring together concerns with institutional discourse and an interest in discourse representation phenomena ( ' reported speech ' ) . its focus will be on how institutional members ( clients , professionals and novices ) represent , incorporate and appropriate the discourses ( ' voices ' ) of ' the other ' in their own discourse . this theme is intended to reflect the growing body of research into practices of discourse representation in a range of sites ( media , legal , educational , social work ) . in these sites , such practices are often constitutive of institutional processes and affect institutional outcomes . the colloquium theme also ties in with the current interest ( within pragmatics , discourse analysis , etc . ) in re-contextualisation and processes of ( re ) formulation . contributors include : malcolm coulthard , janet maybin , geert jacobs , titus ensink , greg myers , graham hall , srikant sarangi & akira satoh , 2 . constructing the university : problematizing the notion of language in academic discourse . convenors : carys jones & brian street , school of education , king 's college , university of london the aim of this colloquium is to explore issues surrounding academic literacies and the genre of faculty feedback , with particular reference to british and international students in higher education . rather than focus on study skills or academic socialisation , the dominant discourses in this field , the session will address from a number of perspectives the model of academic literacies and discourses , which problematise the varied literacy practices involved in the constitution of ' the university ' . in particular the focus will be on the gap between student and faculty expectations of academic writing processes and the conceptualisation and representation of ' language ' embedded in them . contributors will include , in addition to the convenors , fiona english , monika hermerschmidt , mary lea , mary scott , joan turner & theresa lillis . 3 . language , gender & sexuality convenor : debbie cameron ( university of strathclyde ) this colloquium is a response to the rapid development of sociolinguistic work in which sexuality or sexual identity is a key social variable . among the questions we hope to reflect on , in papers , responses to papers and open discussion , are : is there and should there be a distinctive gay / lesbian sociolinguistics ? how should we theorise the relationship between sexuality and gender ? have sociolinguists talked too little about heterosexualities ? how do sociolinguists position themselves with regard to existing theories of sexual identity / practice , especially feminist theory and queer theory ? contributors : kathryn remlinger , paul mcilvenny , joanne winter . 4 . oral narratives across contexts & cultures convenors : alexandra georgakopoulou , dept . of byzantyne and modern greek studies , king 's college , university of london & shoshana blum - kulka , department of communication , hebrew university , jerusalem , israel . the goal of the colloquium is to bring together ethnographic , discourse analytical and interactional sociolinguistic perspectives to discuss the role of context and culture in the discursive shaping of oral narrative modes and functions . the papers presented will attempt to combine micro-level with macro-level analytic concerns , and their scope will cover a wide range of oral narrative modes ( e . g . conversational stories , life histories , mediated discourse narratives , family dinner narratives ) in different communities . papers will be presented by catherine snow , shoshana blum - kulka , alexandra georgakopoulou , esther schelly - newman and tamar katriel . the discussants of the presentations will include johanna thornborrow , maria sifianou , mike baynham and paddy scannell . 5 . disability , language & social identity convenor : graham h . turner , deaf studies group , department of education studies , university of central lancashire , preston this interdisciplinary colloquium sets out to address questions raised by claims about ' deaf identity ' - in the sense of an identity shaped by distinct linguistic and cultural forms - and other disabled identities , by focusing upon the role of language in discourse practices that construct and reflect such identities . does the language currently used by and about disabled people ( including deaf people ) sustain the distinction , and what part does language play in any changes being witnessed ? in spite of the existence of theoretical deaf and disability literature , relatively little has to date emerged by way of empirical accounts of language choices in either personal or institutional discourse , and there has been little theorization of language practices in such contexts . while sociolinguists ' discussions of ( for instance ) ethnicities move on from the debate about group-membership - as-acquired - disposition versus group-membership - as-situated - performance , there remains little exploration of even these two notions in relation to language and disability . the purpose of this colloquium is to assess the state of knowledge in this field and to begin to explore ( a ) the role of disabled people in effecting language change , ( b ) the extent to which communicative practices are defining in relation to disabled identities , ( c ) what ( if any ) patterns emerge from the cross-referencing of different groups in this regard and ( d ) what kinds of research could tell us more about the role of language in constructing and performing disability . within this session ( which will have british sign language / english interpretation ) four 25 - minute papers will be followed by short independent responses from two discussants and an open workshop session for exploration of issues arising . contributors include : jenny corbett , mairian corker , susan gregory , & kyra pollitt . 6 . computer - mediated communication , language and society convenor : dr . simeon j . yates , discipline of sociology , faculty of social sciences , open university . the colloquium will cover a range of sociolinguistic topics relating to the use of computer - mediated communication ( cmc ) in contemporary society . cmc systems range from the personal forms of electronic mail and internet-relay chat , through on-line forms of audio and video conferencing , to the world wide web and other digital media formats . the aim of the colloquium is to explore , through the discussion of presented papers , the connections between language use , cmc and key aspects of contemporary society , such as : globalisation , work , politics , identity , gender and media genres . this colloquium represents a development of the session on the socio-linguistics of computer - mediated communication ( cmc ) held at ss11 , and will provide an opportunity for researchers in this field to present and discuss current theories and findings . the focus of the session will be upon the relationship between contemporary society , contemporary language use and the various forms of cmc . speakers will include : simeon j . yates , susan herring , john paolillo , lynn cherny , lorenzo mondada , robert fouser , zazie todd , p . nayar & jacqueline johnson lambiase . . 7 . maintaining indigenous languages , with special reference to latin america - state planning vs grass - roots initiatives : convenors : jane freeland ( univ of portsmouth ) & rosaleen howard - malverde ( univ of liverpool ) latin american governments are giving increasing attention to the maintenance of indigenous langauges , mainly through formal education . however , outcomes frequently clash with , are even destructive of , language maintenance strategies developed by organised indigenous groups . this workshop will explore the relationship between these different approaches , through a series of brief case studies ( pre-circulated ) , but above all through extensive discussionof the language planning issues raised by this clash . speakers will include : kendall king , sheila aikman , serafin coronel - molina , tim marr & eliseo canulef m . 8 . language & multimodality convenor : prof . gunther kress , culture communication and societies ( ccs ) group , institute of education , london texts in many domains of public communication are becoming more intensely multimodal : that is , they make a deliberate use of the visual as well as the written ( where before that might have been an incidental matter ) for overt purposes of communication . social difference therefore finds expression not only in the linguistic mode whether written or spoken ( as in generic or discursive differences , eg ) but in other modes . different combinations , different emphases of modes may respond to different social purposes , so that even at this level there is a new issue of what the consequences are for language . if in a multimodal text some information is carried visually and some verbally - where before it was all carried verbally - it follows that language will play a different role in the overtly multi modal text than it did in the formerly ( at least ostensibly ) monomodal text . other participants : theo van leeuwen , david graddol , roz ivanic & fiona ormerod , radan martinec , carey jewitt , and judy delin . 9 . teaching & learning bilingually in post - colonial contexts convenors : marilyn martin - jones , university of lancaster & peter martin , universiti brunei darussalam . over the last decade , there has been an increasing amount of research into language practices in schools and classrooms in a number of post-colonial contexts . in each of these multililngual contexts , a former colonial language is still used as a medium of instruction . the aim of this colloquium is to bring together researchers working in different multilingual sites and to enable them to compare insights from research which combines detailed analysis of bilingual classroom discourse with ethnographic observation . our specific objectives are ( 1 ) to compare the ways in which teachers and learners in these settings accomplish lessons in two languages ; ( 2 ) to identify commonalities and differences in bilingual discourse practices observed and analysed in different institutional sites ; ( 3 ) to discuss the implications of these commonalities and differences . contributors include : casimir rubagumya , grace bunyi & nancy hornberger , angel lin & jo arthur , in addition to the convenors . 10 . language play & the construction of meaning among working class teenagers in hong kong . convenor : angel lin , city university of hong kong . other contributors will include isaac lam , michelle kwan , tit - wing lo & kevin chu , with chris candlin as discussant . 11 . there will also be a postgraduate workshop , convened by kristina bennert , of university college , cardiff . bennert @ cardiff . ac . uk . further details on programme by post : the full provisional programme is now being sent by post to people as they register , along with local travel details , and hotel booking arrangements . on the internet : our website is being updated regularly until the event itself , and you can find us at : http : / / www . ioe . ac . uk / ccs / ss12 papers as well as the colloquia , the programme includes c60 35 - minute ' papers ' - where presenters are being encouraged to speak for no more than c20 minutes , leaving c15 minutes for questions and discussion , c20 15 minute ' reports ' on work in progress ) , and c12 ' posters ' . the criteria for selection were : originality , significance , estimated contribution to conceptual development of the field , lucidity . all submissions , including those for the colloquia , were subject to anonymous review by members of the committee during september and october 1997 , with the help of colloquium convenors where appropriate . in addition to those speaking in the colloquia , presenters will include david barton , stella bortoni - ricardo , jennifer coates , jenny cheshire , gemma moss , anne pauwels , mark sebba , alison sealey . costs standard symposium fee - 140 pounds sterling late symposium fee - 160 pounds sterling ( for bookings received after february 27 , 1998 ) student / unwaged symposium fee - 95 pounds , ( on production of satisfactory evidence of status ) day symposium fees ( only available after the standard booking period ends on february 27 , 1998 , and if places are left ) . registration the form which follows is only about registration for the symposium itself , administered by the institute of education 's conference office : email c . bird @ ioe . ac . uk , not , please not , the sender of this message ! ( for accommodation see note at end . ) payment of the appropriate symposium fee is obligatory , and will entitle you to all documents for the meeting ( programme , abstracts booklet , participants list ) , and to a badge giving admission to sessions , tea / coffee etc at breaks , and buffet lunches . conference registration form : ( print this off and fax or mail it , or use the electronic version on our website - address of this at the end of the posting ) please complete the following as you would like it to appear on the participants ' list - only one person on each form ] : your title : ( mr / ms / dr / prof / . . . . . ) your family name : your other name ( s ) : your institution & departmental address : phone and fax numbers for communication ( say if work or private ) : your email number : address for correspondence if different from your institution : please reserve a conference place for me : date of booking . . . . . either for the whole meeting or @ standard rate of 140 pounds or @ late rate of 160 pounds or for the following half-days thursday 26 / 3 @ 45 pounds friday 27 / 3 am @ 45 """""""" friday 27 / 3 pm @ 45 """""""" saturday 28 / 3 @ 45 """""""" completed registration forms , along with sterling cheques ( non-sterling cheques or bank transfers add 10 % please ) payable to ' institute of education - ss12 ' , should be sent to the conference office ( ss12 ) , institute of education , 20 bedford way , london wc1h 0al , uk . booking enquiries can be made to the conference officer there , cathy bird ( c . bird @ ioe . ac . uk ) tel : + 44 . 171 . 612 . 6017 . . . . fax : + 44 . 171 . 612 . 6402 . accommodation bookings should be made independently , or through hotelscene , a reservation service offering discounted accommodation in a range of hotels etc within a few minutes walk from the institute of education in the bloomsbury district of west central london . hotelscene information will be normally only sent to you on receipt of your registration forms , but can be sent earlier if you need it - on request to the conference office . single room and breakfast prices will be from about 20 pounds per night in a student hall of residence [ not many of these left now ] , to about \ 163100 per night in a first class hotel - less per head in double rooms . website address for updates on ss12 : http : / / www . ioe . ac . uk / ccs / ss12 . euan reid culture , communication and societies institute of education university of london 20 bedford way london wc1h 0al tel : + 44 171 612 6524 / fax : + 44 171 612 6177
  """",0
  2306,""""Subject: l2 acquisition of rom
   
   call for papers special session : second language acquisition and the romance languages 1998 convention of the modern language association ( mla ) december 27-30 , 1998 san francisco , ca abstracts of no more than 500 words on any aspect of second language acquisition relating to the learning or teaching of romance languages ( preference given to language acquisition in instructed settings ) . abstracts must be received by march 16 , 1998 . participants must be mla members by april 1 , 1998 . abstracts or inquiries to : jeffrey reeder dept . of modern foreign languages baylor university , box 97393 waco , tx 78798 fax : ( 254 ) 710-3799 e-mail : jeffrey _ reeder @ baylor . edu
  """",0
  2307,""""Subject: fhcg-98
   
   joint conference on formal grammar , head-driven phrase structure grammar , and categorial grammar august 14-16 , 1998 , saarbruecken , germany second call for papers fhcg-98 combines the 4th conference on formal grammar and the 5th conference on head - driven phrase structure grammar . it precedes the 10th european summer school in logic , language , and information ( esslli x ) . aims and scope fhcg-98 hopes to provide a platform for presentation of new and original research on formal grammar , head-driven phrase structure grammar , and categorial grammar . themes of interest include , but are not limited to , * formal and computational syntax , semantics , and pragmatics ; * head-driven phrase structure grammar and categorial grammar ; * model-theoretic and proof-theoretic methods in linguistics ; * constraint-based and resource-sensitive approaches to grammar ; * foundational , methodological and architectural issues in grammar . special events the conference features a symposium on unbounded dependencies as well as a special session on information packaging . symposium on unbounded dependencies : empirical problems and formal techniques invited speakers : anne abeille ( paris 7 university ) bob carpenter ( bell labs , murray hill ) michael moortgat ( utrecht university ) ivan sag ( stanford university ) ed stabler ( ucla ) annie zaenen ( xerox , grenoble ) the symposium provides a comparison of recent work on unbounded dependencies from various theoretical angles . relevant empirical issues include , but are not limited to , parasitic gaps , relative clauses , pied-piping , atb - phenomena , weak and strong islands , comparatives , and the semantics of wh-questions . there will be presentations focussing on recent work in hpsg , lfg , tag , cg , and the minimalist framework , followed by a panel discussion . special session on information packaging invited speakers : elisabeth engdahl ( university of gothenburg ) enric vallduvi ( universitat pompeu fabra , barcelona , t . b . c . ) this session is concerned with formal approaches to information packaging - - - those linguistic strategies which allow information to be encoded in different ways , appropriate to different contexts , emphasizing the interpretive significance of basic information packaging distinctions and their grammatical realization within and across natural languages . the special session will consist of two invited lectures and contributed papers appropriate to its theme . submission details we invite e-mail submissions of abstracts for 30 - minute papers ( including questions and comments ) . a submission should consist of two parts : - an information sheet ( in ascii ) , containing the name of the author ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , e-mail and postal address ( es ) , a title , and an indication whether the paper is to be considered for the special session on information packaging ; - an abstract , consisting of a description of not more than 5 pages ( including figures and references ) . abstracts may be either in plain ascii or in ( unix-compatible encoded ) postscript , pdf , or dvi . please avoid using binhex or mime . abstracts can be sent to fg @ ufal . mff . cuni . cz ( geert - jan m . kruijff ) ( extended ) abstract submission deadline march , 31 , 1998 notification of acceptance may , 15 , 1998 proceedings a full version of the accepted paper will be included in the conference proceedings , to be distributed at the conference . full papers are due july , 1 , 1998 . publication pending final approval by the publisher , a selected number of papers will be published as a volume of the recently started csli - series """""""" studies in constraint - based lexicalism """""""" , with series editors andreas kathol , jean - pierre koenig and sam mchombo . there will be a separate round of submission and reviewing for this volume after the conference . programme committee gosse bouma ( groningen , chair ) richard oehrle ( arizona , chair ) klaus netter ( dfki , local arrangements ) geert - jan kruijff ( prague , submissions ) anne abeille ( paris ) bob kasper ( ohio state ) bob carpenter ( bell labs ) andreas kathol ( uc berkeley ) john coleman ( oxford ) shalom lappin ( london ) ann copestake ( csli ) glyn morrill ( barcelona ) mary dalrymple ( xerox parc ) tsuneko nakazawa ( tokyo ) elisabeth engdahl ( gotenborg ) anton nijholt ( twente ) daniele godard ( paris ) gertjan van noord ( groningen ) erhard hinrichs ( tuebingen ) carl pollard ( ohio state ) jack hoeksema ( groningen ) further information web site for esslli x : http : / / top . coli . uni-sb . de / esslli / web site for fhcg-98 : http : / / www . dfki . de / events / hpsg98 / the organizers : gosse bouma ( chair ) gosse @ let . rug . nl dick oehrle ( chair ) rto @ chol . douglass . arizona . edu klaus netter ( local arrangements ) klaus . netter @ dfki . de geert - jan kruijff ( paper submissions ) gj @ ufal . mff . cuni . cz fhcg-98 fhcg-98 fhcg-98 fhcg-98 fhcg-98 fhcg-98 fhcg-98 fhcg-98 fhcg-98 - gosse bouma , alfa - informatica , rug , postbus 716 , 9700 as groningen gosse @ let . rug . nl tel . + 31-50 - 3635937 fax + 31-50 - 3636855
  """",0
  2308,""""Subject: ld ' 98 second cfp
   
   ld ' 98 the first international workshop on labelled deduction freiburg , germany , september 7 - 9 , 1998 http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * second call for papers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * aim and format to survey research in the field , and to allow researchers ( in logic , computer science , artificial intelligence , linguistics , etc . ) to exchange ideas , techniques and results . o both finished work and work in progress can be reported . we welcome three classes of submissions with presentation : + system description : 2 pages ( system demo ) + work in progress : 5 pages ( short presentation ) + polished work : 15 pages ( long presentation ) o submissions will be refereed primarily on a basis of relevance , for an informal proceedings distributed only at the workshop . since an intention of the workshop is to survey current work , versions of papers that have been , or may , appear elsewhere are welcome . papers may later be submitted to a planned second round of refereeing , for proper publication as a book or journal special issue . o submissions should be sent by email : please mail + a postscript file , and + a plain text file including title , authors , and contact information to ld98 @ informatik . uni-freiburg . de * topics of interest we welcome papers on current research in all aspects of labelled deduction , including but not limited to : o logical modeling based on labelled deduction o formal metatheory for , or based on , labelled deduction o hybrid reasoners and combinations of logics based on labelling o automated reasoning , implementation , and system support o annotated logic programming o applications * important dates o submission : april 15th , 1998 o notification : june 26th , 1998 o final papers : july 31st , 1998 o workshop : sept 7 - 9 , 1998 * conference site institut fuer informatik of the university of freiburg . freiburg is a town of about 200 , 000 inhabitants at the edge of the black - forest . the city is easily accessible , being within an hour from international airports in strasbourg and basel . there are also good connections ( hourly trains ) to airports in frankfurt and zurich , which are about 2 to 3 hours away . * organizing committee david basin and luca vigano ` * program committee david basin , institut fuer informatik , freiburg , germany marcello d ' agostino , universita ` di ferrara , italy dov gabbay , imperial college , london , uk sean matthews , max - planck - institut fuer informatik , saarbruecken , germany luca vigano ` , institut fuer informatik , freiburg , germany * addresses o the ld ' 98 home page ( http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 / ) o email : ld98 @ informatik . uni-freiburg . de o by post : ld ' 98 c / o luca vigano ` institut fuer informatik universitaet freiburg am flughafen 17 79110 freiburg germany phone : + 49 ( 761 ) 203-8243 fax : + 49 ( 761 ) 203-8242
  """",0
  2309,""""Subject: cfp : endangered languages - edinburgh , 25-27 sept 98
   
   endangered languages - what role for the the specialist ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - edinburgh , scotland - 25-27 september 1998 call for papers the workshop will provide a forum for researchers and activists working for the maintenance of indigenous languages that face an uncertain future . conference scope and aims in recent years , number of support organizations have established themselves , all aiming to mobilize research effort , popular opinion and money in defence of declining languages . the question is often raised of how these outsiders can really help the cause that they have identified . language communities must have inner strength in order to survive , or at least the will and the means to go on using their traditional tongues . outside organizations , however well-meaning , cannot supply such qualities directly . some ask whether the organizations even have the right to try to interfere . this conference , the second organized by the foundation for endangered languages , is seeking answers to one part of this question . how can language specialists , whether professional linguists , educators , media professionals or whoever , actually contribute to language maintenance ? we shall be looking for testimony on the actual effects of professional involvement on small language communities throughout the world : both community members , and the professionals themselves will have their tales to tell . we do not expect a common set of conclusions to emerge from this sharing of experience and analysis . but we shall be looking at the variety we find , and asking if it points to a good way to define the roles of the support organizations : how they can complement one another , perhaps sharing techniques , perhaps transmitting knowledge ? some themes that need to be addressed : when does the professional best act as an external consultant , when as a team-player ? what are useful relations : among grammarians , lexicographers and sociolinguists ? among community-leaders , language-activists and language-scientists ? among ordinary speakers , creative users , broadcasters and publishers ? what have been great successes in specialist language work , and what motivated the people responsible ? how does local work benefit from el support organizations with a global or continental view ? is the need for technical assistance , production of materials , publicity , funding , political agitation ? should el support organizations themselves specialize ? if so how : regionally , or by function ? the dates will be 25-27 september 1998 , and the venue the pollock halls in edinburgh . there will be a preliminary volume of proceedings distributed at the conference . presentations will last twenty minutes each , with a further ten minutes for discussion . all presentations should be accessible largely in english , but use of the languages of interest , for quotation or exemplification , may well be appropriate . organizers : dr nicholas ostler foundation for endangered languages , bath , england prof kenneth mackinnon universities of edinburgh and hertfordshire dr briony williams university of edinburgh , scotland programme committee : akira yamamoto , mahendra k verma , andrew woodfield , anthony woodbury , tasaku tsunoda , jane simpson , mari rhydwen , jon reyhner , nicholas ostler , david nash , christopher moseley , kenneth mackinnon , john clews , margaret allen . abstract submission abstracts should not exceed 500 words . they can be submitted in one of two ways : hard copy or electronic submission . they should be in english . a ) hard copies ( or faxes ) : three copies should be sent to : nicholas ostler foundation for endangered languages batheaston villa , 172 bailbrook lane bath ba1 7aa england this should have a clear short title , but should not bear anything to identify the author ( s ) . on a separate sheet , please include the following information : name : names of the author ( s ) title : title of the paper email : email address of the first author , if any addr : postal address of the first author tel : telephone number of the first author , if any fax : fax number of the first author , if any the name of the first author will be used in all correspondence . if possible , please also send an e-mail to nicholas ostler at < nostler @ chibcha . demon . co . uk > informing him of the hard copy submission . this is in case the hard copy does not reach its destination . this e-mail should contain the information specified in the section below . b ) electronic submission : electronic submission should be in plain ascii text email message giving the following details : # name : name of first author # title : title of the paper # email : e - mail address of the first author # addr : postal address of the first author # tel : telephone number of the first author , if any # fax : fax number of the first author and in a separate section # abstr : abstract of the paper important dates abstract submission deadline march 29 notification of committee 's decision april 27 authors submit camera-ready text july 14 conference sept 25-27 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nicholas ostler managing director president linguacubun ltd foundation for endangered languages http : / / www . bris . ac . uk / depts / philosophy / ctll / fel / batheaston villa , 172 bailbrook lane bath ba1 7aa england + 44-1225 - 85-2865 fax + 44-1225 - 85-9258 nostler @ chibcha . demon . co . uk
  """",0
  2310,""""Subject: 31st poznan linguistic meeting 2nd circular
   
   31st poznan linguistic meeting : recent developments in linguistic theory 1 - 3 may 1998 , poznan , poland international meeting of the cross - linguistic project on pre - and protomorphology in language acquisition 1 - 4 may 1998 , poznan , poland second circular dear colleague , this is to provide you with some further information concerning the 31st plm and project meeting . arrival and departure the plm will take full three days ( friday to sunday ) while the project meeting will start on friday evening and continue until monday . therefore , rooms for the participants will be booked for four nights ( so that you can arrive on thursday and leave on monday ) , unless differently requested . please let us know of the dates and times of your arrival and departure as soon as possible . a tentative outline of the programme with preliminary lists of participants thursday april 30 registration ; informal welcoming reception ( beer , snacks etc . ) friday may 1 8 : 00 - 9 : 00 breakfast 9 : 00 official opening of the 31st plm 9 : 30-10 : 15 plenary : ian maddieson ( ucla ) 10 : 20-11 : 20 section a : optimality and naturalness convener : k . dziubalska - kolaczyk participants : w . u . dressler , h . c . luschutzky , p . gasiorowski , m . onederra , r . rhodes , c . ringen , j . rubach , m . rochon , r . singh , j . weckwerth * section b : cognitive linguistics convener : b . lewandowska - tomaszczyk participants : l . berezowski , p . chruszczewski , h . cuyckens , m . kozlowska , p . lozowski , k . panther , g . radden , d . sipka , w . skrzypczak , l . thornburg , k . wengorek * workshop i : comparative theoretical syntax : gb & minimalism convener : j . witkos participants : r . borsley , d . cavar , b . cetnarowska , w . chuming , c . czingler , a . doyle , g . fanselow , t . h . lee , f . neubarth , m . prinzhorn , p . stalmaszczyk , p . tajsner , h . van riemsdijk , v . yip and others * 11 : 20-11 : 50 coffee break 11 : 50-13 : 20 sections & workshop continued 13 : 30-15 : 00 lunch break 15 : 00-16 : 30 section a : sla & psycholinguistic studies convener : o . - s . bohn participants : p . bodor , e . jacewicz , n . kerschhoffer , r . lew , d . ravid , e . ronowicz , t . salasoo , t . siek - piskozub , h . wode * section b : cognitive linguistics continued workshop i continued 16 : 30-17 : 00 coffee break 17 : 30-18 : 45 natural morphology teach-in : w . u . dressler 19 : 00 dinner saturday may 2 9 : 00 - 9 : 45 plenary : henk van riemsdijk ( tilburg ) : """""""" endocentricity """""""" 9 : 50-10 : 50 section : cognitive linguistics continued workshop i continued project meeting convener : w . u . dressler participants : among others a . aksu - koc , s . ceytlin , n . gagarina , s . gillis , m . kilani - schoch , s . klampfer , k . laalo , s . nocetti , d . ravid , i . savickiene , s . sbai , u . stephany , b . pfeiler , m . voeikova * 10 : 50-11 : 20 coffee break 11 : 20-12 : 50 section : sla & psycholinguistic studies continued workshop i continued project meeting continued 13 : 00-14 : 30 lunch break 14 : 30-15 : 15 plenary : e . gussmann ( catholic university of lublin ) 15 : 20-16 : 20 section : historical , sociohistorical & sociolinguistic studies convener : j . fisiak participants : s . ash , o . buniyatova , a . dorodnych , a . kielkiewicz - janowiak , p . kwiecinski , m . krygier , u . okulska , p . osiadacz , m . pawlowska * workshop ii : government phonology conveners : e . cyran , j . rennison participants : a . bloch - rozmej , a . buczek , z . barkanyi , m . charette , p . dienes , e . gussmann , k . jaskula , z . kiss , a . kurti , s . ploch , p . rebrus , g . rowicka , t . scheer , p . segeral , p . szigetvari , j . wojcik project meeting continued 16 : 20-16 : 50 coffee break 16 : 50-17 : 50 section , workshop & meeting continued 19 : 00 concert & banquet sunday may 3 9 : 00 - 9 : 45 plenary : p . trudgill ( lausanne ) : """""""" language contact and the function of linguistic gender """""""" 9 : 50-10 : 50 section : historical , sociohistorical & sociolinguistic studies continued workshop ii continued project meeting continued 10 : 50-11 : 20 coffee break 11 : 20-12 : 50 section : computational phonology convener : j . carson - berndsen participants : d . gibbon , j . weckwerth and others * workshop ii continued project meeting continued 13 : 00-14 : 30 lunch break 14 : 30-15 : 15 plenary : ocke - schwen bohn ( aarhus ) 15 : 20-16 : 20 section , workshop & meeting continued 16 : 20-16 : 50 coffee break 16 : 50-17 : 50 workshop & meeting continued 17 : 50-18 : 20 closing session of the 31st plm 18 : 30 dinner monday may 4 9 : 00 project meeting continued * ) the final sequence of papers to be announced at a later date . one section paper will be assigned 20 minutes plus 10 minutes for the discussion ; one plenary will take up 45 minutes including discussion . absolute abstract submission deadline : march 22 , 1998 . publication of the proceedings there will be a possibility of publishing a selection of the papers presented in psicl ( poznan studies in contemporary linguistics ) . a book exhibition will be organized by the omnibus bookshop offering attractive prices ! final details concerning the conference will reach you in april in the form of the 3rd circular . we are looking forward to seeing you in poznan ! address for correspondence school of english adam mickiewicz university al . niepodleglosci 4 61-874 poznan poland telephone : + 48 61 852 88 20 facsimile : + 48 61 852 31 03 electronic mail : plm @ ifa . amu . edu . pl world wide web : http : / / hum . amu . edu . pl / ~ ifauam / meeting . htm
  """",0
  2311,""""Subject: mental lexicon
   
   first international conference on the mental lexicon september 3 - 5 , 1998 university of alberta edmonton , alberta , canada hosted by : the mcri international mental lexicon research group department of linguistics , university of alberta sponsored by : social sciences and humanities research council of canada , university of alberta local organizer : gary libben submission deadline : * * april 6 , 1998 * * invited speakers : mark aronoff & frank anshen ( suny stony brook ) kenneth forster ( university of arizona ) william marslen - wilson ( birkbeck college , london ) the first international conference on the mental lexicon is soliciting abstracts for papers or posters that bear on the question of how morphologically simple and complex words are represented in the mind ( their morphological , phonological , syntactic , and semantic properties ) , how they are linked to one another , and how they are accessed in the processes of language production and comprehension . we welcome submissions of theoretical , psycholinguistic , neurolinguistic , and computational research . * conference location the conference will be held at the university of alberta . the university is located in the city of edmonton and is one of the largest research-intensive universities in canada . the canadian rockies and the mountain towns of banff and jasper are a 3 - 4 hour drive from the city . * scientific committee gonia jarema , chair , university of montreal , canada ria de bleser , universitat potsdam , germany bruce derwing , university of alberta , canada eva kehayia , mcgill university , canada gary libben , university of alberta , canada jussi niemi , university of joensuu , finland loraine obler , cuny graduate center , u . s . a . * publication of proceedings selected papers will be published in the conference proceedings . * how to submit abstracts abstracts should be less than 500 words in length ( excluding references ) and may be submitted by mail , e-mail , or fax . submissions must be * received by april 6 , 1998 * . at the top of the abstract please include your name , affiliation , address , telephone and fax numbers , and e-mail address . please leave several lines between this information and the title and body of the abstract so that the header information can be removed for anonymous abstract review . also indicate at the top of your abstract , your preference for paper or poster presentation ( i . e . , paper only , poster only , paper or poster ) . send your abstract to : gonia jarema centre de recherche institut universitaire de geriatrie de montreal 4565 chemin queen mary montreal , quebec canada h3w 1w5 e-mail : jarema @ ere . umontreal . ca fax : ( 514 ) 340-3548 notification of acceptance or rejection will be made via e-mail by april 30 . * for questions or more information on the conference please check our conference website : http : / / www . ualberta . ca / ~ linguis / lexiconf . html or contact gary libben tel : ( 403 ) 492-3434 fax : ( 403 ) 492-0806 e-mail : gary . libben @ ualberta . ca
  """",0
  2312,""""Subject: korean linguistics
   
   the 11th international conference on korean linguistics july 6 - 9 , 1998 the university of hawaii the international circle of korean linguists ( ickl ) is pleased to post a * second call * for the 11th international conference on korean linguistics will be held at the university of hawaii on july 6 - 9 , 1998 . the organizing committee for the conference solicits abstracts of individual research papers treating any aspect of korean linguistics . in addition to the traditional general sessions , we plan to organize the following special sessions : - case markers and special particles - relative clause & noun complement constructions - complex predicates - the syllable in korean phonology - the problem of reduplication - issues in historical linguistics thus when you submit your abstract , please indicate which session you intend to address . abstracts should not exceed three a4 ( or 8 . 5 """""""" x 11 """""""" ) single-spaced pages including data and references . please mail your abstract to either address below . e - mail submission , but not fax submission , is acceptable . include a separate page or card showing the title of your paper , your session ( general or special ; if special , which of the above ) , your name , affiliation , mailing address , e-mail address , phone number , and fax number . accepted papers will be published in the conference proceedings ; selected papers will be invited to be revised for consideration in the journal korean linguistics . note : if your abstract is accepted , you will be required to submit your complete paper before the conference . important dates * deadline for abstract submission : march 20 , 1998 ( note ! this is a minor change from the initial call ) * notification of acceptance : mid april , 1998 * deadline for submission of completed papers : may 30 , 1998 * conference dates : july 6 - 9 , 1998 mail abstracts to either : ickl 1998 , c / o prof . james hye - suk yoon department of english language & literature seoul nationaluniversity seoul , korea 151-742 ( e - mail : jhsyoon @ plaza . su . ac . kr ) - or - ickl 1998 , c / o prof . alexander vovin dept . of east asian languages & literatures 382 moore hall , 1890 east - west road university of hawaii honolulu , hawaii 96822 u . s . a . ( e - mail : vovin @ hawaii . edu ) * * * invited speakers * * * ( updated list ) samuel martin ( yale university ) eung - do cook ( university of calgary ) wan - jin kim ( national academy of korean studies ) robert ramsey ( university of maryland ) william o'grady ( university of hawaii ) chin - w . kim ( university of illinois ) peter sells ( stanford university ) ho - min sohn ( university of hawaii ) john whitman ( cornell university ) > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < david james silva , ph . d . vox : 817-272 - 5334 ( voice-mail ) asst professor of linguistics fax : 817-272 - 2731 university of texas at arlington net : david @ uta . edu box 19559 web : http : / / ling . uta . edu / arlington , tx 76019-0559 usa
  """",0
  2313,""""Subject: clite 1
   
   announcing clite 1 the first conference on linguistic theory in eastern european languages to be organized by the phd program in theoretical linguistics of the university of szeged , hungary , 19-21 april , 1998 , immediately following the annual glow meeting at tilburg . keynote speakers are : michael brody ( ucl and hungarian academy of sciences ) """""""" mirror theory and the hungarian verbal complex """""""" maria - luisa rivero ( university of ottawa ) , """""""" stylistic verb movement in slavic and the balkan area """""""" olga miseska tomic ( university of novi sad ) title tba ( topic : south slavic languages ) the official language of the conference is english . one - page abstracts are expected to be sent by february 28 to the following e-mail address : sztibor @ sol . cc . u-szeged . hu or by ordinary mail to : """""""" clite 1 """""""" , jate alt . nyelv . tsz . egyetem u . 2 . , szeged , h-6722 hungary fax : 36-62 - 321843 http : / / www . arts . u-szeged . hu / dep / genlinguistic / clite / clite1 . html registration fee is us $ 40 . 00 , which includes a reception , midday meals and refreshments . a limited number of grants covering registration , accommodation and meals are available particularly to students and linguists from eastern europe . grants should be applied for as soon as possible but february 28 the latest . reasonable priced accommodation is offered at local hotels , but inexpensive lodging especially for low-budget participants is also available . szeged is a city of 170 , 000 in southern hungary , and a two-hour train-ride away from the capital , budapest . the conference venue is the centrally located 180 - year old academy building . on behalf of the organizing committee , istvan kenesei
  """",0
  2314,""""Subject: conference : emnlp3
   
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - third conference on empirical methods in natural language processing ( emnlp - 3 ) when : tuesday , june 2 , 1998 ( following the first international conference on language resources and evaluation and the nsf workshop on translingual information management ) where : granada , spain conference description : in the spirit of sigdat events , this conference will offer a general forum for novel research in corpus-based and statistical natural language processing . areas of interest include ( but are not limited to ) : - robust parsing , phrase structure analysis - part of speech tagging - term and name identification - word sense disambiguation - morphological analysis - anaphora resolution - event categorization - discourse structure identification - alignment of parallel texts and bilingual terminology - language modelling - lexicography - machine translation - spelling and grammar correction in addition , we encourage submissions that describe and evaluate the strengths , weaknesses , and recent advances in corpus-based nlp as applied to multi-lingual applications . the development of natural language applications which handle multi-lingual information is the next major challenge facing the field of computational linguistics . how well do techniques for lexical tagging , parsing , anaphora resolution , etc . , handle the specific problems of multi-lingual applications ? what new methods have been developed to address the deficiencies of existing algorithms for these tasks or to address problems specific to handling multi-lingual applications ? what problems still lack an adequate empirical solution ? conversely , how can data-driven nlp methods be improved with the help of multi-lingual data ? program chairs : nancy ide vassar college ( chair ) atro voutilainen university of hlesinki ( co-chair ) program committee : to be announced sponsor : sigdat ( acl 's special interest group for linguistic data and corpus-based approaches to nlp ) format for submission : authors should submit a full-length paper ( 3500-8000 words ) either electronically or in hardcopy . electronic submissions should be mailed to """""""" emnlp3 @ cs . vassar . edu """""""" and must either be ( a ) plain ascii text or ( b ) a single postscript file ( us letter format ) . hardcopy submissions should be mailed to nancy ide ( address below ) , and should include six ( 6 ) copies of the paper . requirements : papers should describe original work . a paper accepted for presentation cannot be presented or have been presented at any other meeting . papers submitted to other conferences will be considered , as long as this fact is clearly indicated in the submission . schedule : submission deadline : monday , march 2 , 1998 notification date : friday , april 3 , 1998 camera - ready copy due : friday may 1 , 1998 conference date : tuesday , june 2 contacts : nancy ide , chair department of computer science vassar college 124 raymond avenue poughkeepsie , new york 12604-0520 usa tel : ( + 1 914 ) 437 5988 fax : ( + 1 914 ) 437 7498 e - mail : ide @ cs . vassar . edu atro voutilainen research unit for multilingual language technology department of general linguistics p . o . box 4 ( keskuskatu 8 , 7th floor ) fin-00014 university of helsinki finland tel : ( + 358 9 ) 191 23 507 fax : ( + 358 9 ) 191 23 598 e - mail : atro . voutilainen @ ling . helsinki . fi further information : http : / / www . cs . vassar . edu / ~ ide / emnlp3 . html http : / / www . cs . jhu . edu / ~ yarowsky / sigdat . html
  """",0
  2315,""""Subject: lrec 3rd conference announcement
   
   3rd conference announcement reminder - reduced registration fee if you register by march 9 , 1998 first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 28-30 may 1998 hosted by the university of granada departamento de traduccion e interpretacion departamento de electronica y tecnologia de computadores with the support of dg-xiii of the european commission and fundacion banco central - hispano ( spain ) the first international conference on language resources and evaluation has been initiated by elra and is organized in cooperation with other associations and consortia , including ach , acl , allc , cocosda , eaft , eagles , edr , elsnet , esca , euralex , francil , ldc , parole , telri , etc . , and with major national and international organizations , including the european commission - dg xiii , arpa , nsf , the ic / 863 project ( china ) , the icsp permanent committee ( korea ) and the japanese project for international coordination in corpora , assessment and labeling . the conference will focus on the following issues : the availability of language resources and the methods for the evaluation of resources , technologies and products , for written and spoken language . substantial mutual benefits can be expected from addressing issues like these through international co-operation . the aim of this conference is to provide an overview of the state-of - the-art , discuss problems and opportunities , exchange information regarding ongoing and planned activities , language resources and their applications , discuss evaluation methodologies and demonstrate evaluation tools , explore possibilities and promote initiativ \ 254s for international co-operation . provisional list of accepted papers ( about 220 ) may be found at our website http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra . html or via e-mail by sending a request for list of provisional papers to lrec @ ilc . pi . cnr . it provisional list of panels to be held at lrec 1 . panel of the funding agencies : members of the major agencies funding research and development in language engineering ( ec , arpa , nsf , etc ) will discuss priorities and perspectives for international cooperation . 2 . lexical semantic standards for information systems : the panel will discuss guidelines for the standardization of lexical encoding with specific reference to requirements for machine translation and information systems . 3 . industrial and r&d use of language resources : users and providers of language resources , from industrial companies and from the public research sector , will discuss the priorities and the economical aspects of producing , distributing and using language resources , and the importance of their availability . keynote speakers at lrec the program committee will invite keynote speakers to discuss the major aspects of language resources and evaluation . the provisional list will be circulated at a later date . pre and post conference workshop information pre - conference workshops , may 26 and 27 there are 8 half day workshops , to be held may 26 and 27 with two in parallel during the morning session and two in parallel during the afternoon session . 1 . linguistic coreference workshop 26 may 1998 morning session http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra / coreference . html contact : sara j . shelton , us department of defense , ft . meade , maryland , usa sjshelt @ afterlife . ncsc . mil , tel + 301-688 - 0301 , fax + 301-688 - 0338 2 . adapting lexical and corpus resources to sublanguages and applications 26 may 1998 morning session http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra / adapting . html contact : paola velardi , dipartimento di scienza dell ' informazione , rome , italy velardi @ dsi . uniroma1 . it , tel 39 - ( 0 ) 6-49918356 , fax + 39 - ( 0 ) 6-8541842 8841964 3 . minimising the effort for language resource acquisition 26 may 1998 afternoon session http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra / minimizing . html contact : svetlana sheremetyeva , computing research laboratory , las cruces , new mexico , usa lana @ crl . nmsu . edu , tel + 505 646 5466 , fax + 505 646 6218 4 . the evaluation of parsing systems 26 may 1998 afternoon session http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra / parsing . html contact : john carroll , university of sussex , brighton , uk john . carroll @ cogs . susx . ac . uk , tel ( + 44 / 0 ) 1273 678564 , fax ( + 44 / 0 ) 1273671320 5 . towards an open european evaluation infrastructure for nl and speech 27 may 1998 morning session http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra / towards . html contact : steven krauwer , elsnet , utrecht , nl steven . krauwer @ let . ruu . nl , tel + 31 30 253 6050 , fax + 31 30 253 6000 6 . language resources for european minority languages 27 may 1998 morning session http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra / minority . html contact : briony williams , briony @ cstr . ed . ac . uk 7 . speech database development for central and eastern european languages 27 may 1998 afternoon session http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra / speech . html contact : peter roach , university of reading , uk p . j . roach @ reading . ac . uk , tel ( 44 ) 118 9318138 , fax ( 44 ) 118 9753365 8 . distributing and accessing linguistic resources 27 may 1998 afternoon session http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra / distributing . html contact : yorick wilks , university of sheffield , uk yorick @ dcs . shef . ac . uk , tel + 44 114 222 1814 , fax + 44 114 278 0972 post conference workshop , 31 may - 1 june """""""" translingual information management : current levels and future abilities """""""" contact : nancy ide , vassar college , poughkeepsie , ny , usa ide @ cs . vassar . edu , tel : ( + 1 914 ) 437 5988 , fax : ( + 1 914 ) 437 7498 this workshop is by invitation only . if you are interested in participating , please contact nancy ide directly . visit our website or request via e-mail for the full calls for participation of the workshops http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra . html lrec @ ilc . pi . cnr . it registration information for lrec and pre and post conference workshops conference the registration fees will be 25 . 000 pesetas ( about 150 ecu ) per participant , with reduced fees of 20 . 000 pesetas ( about 120 ecu ) for early registration by march 9 , 1998 , and 12 . 000 pesetas ( about 70 ecu ) for students . the fees cover the following services : a copy of the proceedings , a social dinner , coffee breaks and refreshments . for accompanying persons , the social dinner will be 6 . 000 pesetas ( about 35 ecu ) . pre conference workshops pre conference workshops are 5 , 000 pesetas each for those attending lrec and 10 , 000 pesetas each for those not attending lrec , and include a copy of the proceedings of the workshop and a coffee break . post conference workshop the 2 - day post conference workshop is 10 , 000 pesetas for those attending lrec and 20 , 000 pesetas for those not attending lrec , and includes a copy of the proceedings of the workshop and coffee breaks . registration will be made only for those persons who have been invited to participate by the organizers . advance registration payment can be made using the registration forms below . registration can be made on-site and must be paid in cash , using pesetas . registration forms first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 28-30 may 1998 e-mail or fax to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain , tel + 34 58 24 41 00 , fax + 34 58 24 41 04 , reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es last name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postal / zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ web : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration payment form registration fees full participant * by march 9 , 1998 20 . 000 pesetas ( about 120 ecu ) after march 9 , 1998 25 . 000 pesetas ( about 150 ecu ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ student * 12 . 000 pesetas ( about 70 ecu ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * registration fees include one copy of the proceedings , a social dinner , coffee breaks and refreshments . social dinner for accompanying persons 6 . 000 pesetas ( about 35 ecu ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pre conference workshops , may 26 - 27 , 1998 5 , 000 pesetas each for those attending lrec 10 , 000 pesetas each for those not attending lrec please indicate the workshops you plan to attend ( x ) _ _ _ _ _ """""""" linguistic coreference """""""" may 26 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ """""""" adapting lexical and corpus resources to sublanguages and applications """""""" _ _ _ _ _ """""""" the evaluation of parsing systems """""""" may 26 , afternoon session _ _ _ _ _ """""""" minimizing the effort for language resource acquisition """""""" _ _ _ _ _ """""""" towards an open european evaluation infrastructure for nl and speech """""""" may 27 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ """""""" language resources for european minority languages """""""" _ _ _ _ _ """""""" speech database development for central and eastern european languages """""""" may 27 , afternoon session _ _ _ _ _ """""""" distributing and accessing linguistic resources """""""" total number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ x 5 , 000 ( if attending lrec ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ x 10 , 000 ( if not attending lrec ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ post conference workshop , may 31 - june 1 * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """""""" translingual information management : current levels and future abilities """""""" * register only if you have been asked to participate and have confirmed with the organizers 10 , 000 ( if attending lrec ) 20 , 000 ( if not attending lrec ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ grand total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ method of payment you may pay by credit card ( visa , mastercard or eurocard only ; we cannot accept american express , diners club , etc . ) . you may also pay by banker 's cheque , bank transfer or by eurocheque . all payments must be in spanish pesetas . if payment is by banker 's cheque , bank transfer or by eurocheque , please send it by regular mail . if payment is by credit card , it may be faxed . please do not e-mail credit card numbers , as we cannot guarantee the security of our e-mail system , and because we require signatures . please indicate ( x ) one of the following four payment options : a ) _ _ _ _ i enclose a banker 's cheque in spanish pesetas payable to """""""" first international conference on language resources and evaluation """""""" . b ) _ _ _ _ i have transferred the full fees by bank transfer to your account at : banco central hispano , c / recogidas , 13 , 18002 granada . account name : first international conference on language resources and evaluation . account number : 0049 - 0372 - 18 - 2210856078 . i have told my bank to charge me / us with all bank charges so that """""""" first international conference on language resources and evaluation """""""" will receive the full fees . i enclose a copy of the bank transfer papers with the person ( s ) name written on the transfer . c ) _ _ _ _ please debit my visa / mastercard / eurocard account : amount : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card no : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ valid from : _ _ _ / _ _ _ to _ _ _ / _ _ _ ( as printed on your card ) cardholder 's name and address : last name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postal / zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ web : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature as on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ credit card charges will be processed in spanish pesetas . d ) _ _ _ _ i enclose eurocheque ( s ) for the full fees . i have written my eurocheque number on the back of each eurocheque . mail or fax to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es + 34 58 24 41 04 fax visit our website for further information http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra . html conference addresses the conference chair is antonio zampolli ( istituto di linguistica computazionale del cnr and president of elra ) . antonio zampolli - lrec istituto di linguistica computazionale del cnr via della faggiola , 32 56126 pisa , italy + 39 50 560 481 tel . + 39 50 555 013 fax pisa @ ilc . pi . cnr . it the secretariat of the conference , who will provide general information on the conference , is : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain + 34 58 24 41 00 tel . + 34 58 24 41 04 fax reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es conference program committee harald hoege , siemens , munich , germany bente maegaard , cst , copenhagen , denmark joseph mariani , limsi-cnrs , orsay , france angel martin municio , president of the real academia de ciencias , madrid , spain antonio zampolli , istituto di linguistica computazionale , pisa , italy exhibition an exhibition will be organised by elra . this exhibition is open to companies and projects wishing to promote , present and demonstrate their language resources products and prototypes to the wide range of experts and representatives from all over the world participating in the conference . for more information on this , please contact the elda office on elra-elda @ calva . net . elra for more information about elra ( the european language resources association ) , please contact : khalid choukri , elra ceo 55-57 , rue brillat savarin f - 75013 paris , france tel . + 33 1 43 13 33 33 fax . + 33 1 43 13 33 39 e - mail : elra @ calva . net web : http : / / www . icp . grenet . fr / elra / home . html
  """",0
  2316,""""Subject: lrec - - new event , deadline
   
   adapting lexical and corpus resources to sublanguages and applications a workshop to be held at the first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 26 may 1998 * * * * ( second announcement with extended deadline and new event ) * * * * the workshop will provide a forum for those researchers involved in the development of methods to integrate corpora and mrds , with the aim of adding adaptive capabilities to existing linguistic resources . organisers : roberto basili ( university of roma """""""" tor vergata """""""" ) , roberta catizone ( university of sheffield ) , maria teresa pazienza ( university of roma """""""" tor vergata """""""" ) , paola velardi ( university of roma """""""" la sapienza ) , yorick wilks ( university of sheffield ) workshop scope and aims lexicons , i . e . , those components of a nlp system that contain """""""" computable """""""" information about words , cannot be considered as static objects . words may behave very differently in different domains , and there are language phenomena that do not generalize across sublanguages . lexicons are a snapshot of a given stage of development of a language , normally provided without support for adaptation changes , whether caused by language creativity and development or the shift to such a previously unencountered domain . the divergence of corpus usages from lexical norms has been studied computationally at least since the late sixties , but only recently has the availability of large on-line corpora made it possible to establish methods to cope systematically with this problem . an emerging branch of research is now involved in studies and experiments on corpus-driven linguistics , with the aim of complementing and extending earlier work on lexicon acquisition based on machine readable dictionaries ( mrd ) : data are extracted from texts , as embodiments of language in use , so as to capture lexical regularities and to code them into operational forms . the purpose of this workshop will be to provide an updated snapshot of current work in the area , and promote discussion of how to make progress . central topics will be ( though this list is in no way exclusive ) : * corpus-driven tuning of mrds to optimize domain-specific inferences , * terminology and jargon acquisition , * sense extensions , * acquisition of preference or subcategorization information from corpora * taxonomy adaptation , * statistical weighting of senses etc . to domains * use of mrds to provide explanations of linguistic phenomena in corpora * what is the scope of """""""" lexical tuning """""""" * the evaluation of lexical tuning as a separate task , or as part of a more generic task * * * * * new event : industrial panel * * * * * automatic adaptation of lexicons to new domains through the use of application corpora makes nlp applications more adaptable and portable . the program commettee is organizing a joint panel to discuss this ( and other ) issues concerning next generation information extraction systems . the panel intends to bring industrial representatives to confront expectations in ie from their viewpoint and degree of maturity of the offering . relevant issues that will be discussed are : is there a market for ie ? what is the demand in domains such as new services for the citizens , telecommunications , management support , etc ? what are the technical requirements ? is the technology near to the market ? program committee yorick wilks university of sheffield roberta catizone university of sheffield paola velardi university of roma """""""" la sapienza """""""" maria teresa pazienza university of roma """""""" tor vergata """""""" roberto basili university of roma """""""" tor vergata """""""" bran boguraev brandeis university sergei nirenburg new mexico state university james pustejowsky brandeis university ralph grishman new york university christiane fellbaum princeton university paper submission formatting guidelines : papers should not exceed 4000 words or 10 pages . hard copies : three hard copies should be sent to : paola velardi dipartimento di scienza dell ' informazione via salaria 113 00198 roma italy electronic submission : electronic submission will be allowed in poscript or word per mac or rtf . an ftp site will be available on demand . authors should send an info email to paola velardi ( velardi @ dsi . uniroma1 . it ) even important dates ( * * * * please note extended deadline * * * * ) paper submission deadline ( hard copy / electronic ) march 10 paper notification april 1 camera - ready papers due april 20 l&ct workshop may 26 prof . paola velardi dipartimento di scienza dell ' informazione via salaria 113 universita ' """""""" la sapienza """""""" 00198 roma ph . + 39 - ( 0 ) 6-49918356 fax + 39 - ( 0 ) 6-8541842 8841964
  """",0
  2317,""""Subject: symposium on rime tables
   
   on saturday , 2 may , 1998 , there will be a one-day symposium on chinese historical phonology at the university of minnesota ( minneapolis ) . the topic is : new views of the philosophy underlying the chinese rime table discussants will be w . south coblin ( u . iowa ) and wenchao li ( u . minnesota ) . to submit abstracts for consideration , please mail or fax a complete abstract and curriculum vitae to : david prager branner institute of linguistics and asian and slavic languages and literatures university of minnesota 192 klaeber court 320-16 th avenue s . e . minneapolis , mn 55455-0135 usa fax : ( 612 ) - 624-4579 ( please write branner on your fax ) . please indicate an email return address if at all possible , as well as a phone or fax contact number . it is expected that all submissions will have full tonal indications on all romanized forms . submissions without tonally complete romanization cannot be accepted . submissions received before 5 march , 1998 will receive highest consideration . a small amount of funding to defray some speakers ' travel expenses may become available , although the symposium organizer cannot guarantee that money will be disbursed for this meeting . please indicate at the time of your submission if you wish to apply for this .
  """",0
  2318,""""Subject: esslli ' 98 - - probabilistic logic and randomised computation
   
   esslli-98 workshop on probabilistic logic and randomised computation august 17 - 21 , 1998 a workshop held as part of the 10th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli-98 ) august 17 - 28 , 1998 , saarbrueken , germany * * second call for papers * * organisers : alessandra di pierro and herbert wiklicky ( london ) web site : http : / / www . cs . city . ac . uk / ~ adp / esslli98 . html background : probabilistic concepts recently gained widespread interest in logic and computer science , for example in the investigation of randomised algorithms and probabilistic proof systems . whereas probability and randomisation have always played an important role in complexity theory ( from average case analysis to probabilistic complexity classes ) the investigation of these notions in semantics was much more limited and only in the last years renewed interest seems to develop . this workshop aims at bringing together researchers from areas like philosophy , logics , semantics and the theory of algorithms whose research is related to aspects of probability , stochastic processes , randomised algorithms etc . , in order to foster links and facilitate cross-fertilisation of ideas among them . the workshop topics include : o philosophical foundations of probability o probabilistic logics o probabilistic proof systems o probabilistic proof checking o probabilistic knowledge representation o probabilistic games o randomised automata o randomised algorithms o semantics of probabilistic languages o probabilistic non-determinism o probabilistic reasoning o fuzzy and belief systems o inexact matching o constraints and probability o markov chain monte carlo methods o practical applications o randomised optimisation ( e . g . simulated annealing , genetic algorithms ) o ( stochastic ) approximation algorithms ( for np problems ) workshop format : the workshop will be held as part of esslli ' 98 . there will be five sessions of 90 minutes each , one on each day of the first week of the school ( august 17-22 , 1998 ) . the workshop will consist in the presentation of submitted papers and discussion sessions . notes containing the papers accepted for presentation will be made available in electronic form . opportunities for publishing revised versions of the papers will be explored . the workshop will be open to attendance by all school registrants . submission : all researchers in the area , but especially ph . d . students and young researchers , are encourage to submit a paper . papers should be submitted in the form of an extended abstract of no more than 4000 words ( 8-10 pages ) in length , and must include the e-mail address of all authors and a 200-300 word abstract . deadline is february 15 , 1998 . to submit a paper , please send a postscript file to < adp @ cs . city . ac . uk > or < herbert @ cs . city . ac . uk > or send three ( 3 ) hard copies of your paper to one of the organisers ( below ) . alessandra di pierro adp @ cs . city . ac . uk http : / / www . cs . city . ac . uk / ~ adp herbert wiklicky herbert @ cs . city . ac . uk http : / / www . cs . city . ac . uk / ~ herbert department of computer science school of informatics city university northampton square london ec1v 0hb united kingdom electronic submission is strongly encouraged . registration : workshop contributors will be required to register for esslli-98 , but they will be elligible for a reduced registration fee . important dates : feb 15 , 98 : deadline for submissions apr 15 , 98 : notification of acceptance may 15 , 98 : deadline for final copy aug 17 , 98 : start of workshop further information : to obtain further information about esslli-98 please visit the esslli-98 home page at http : / / www . coli . uni-sb . de / esslli - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  2319,""""Subject: lexical semantics in context : corpus , inference and discourse
   
   esslli-98 workshop on lexical semantics in context : corpus , inference and discourse august 17 - 21 , 1998 a workshop held as part of the 10th european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli-98 ) august 17 - 28 , 1998 , saarbruecken , germany * * second call for papers * * organizers : johan bos ( saarbruecken ) and paul buitelaar ( brandeis university ) the workshop aims at bringing together research in two complementary fields of semantic analysis that are still too far apart . in order to achieve both a broad and a deep understanding of any given text document , a system needs both advanced acquisition of corpus specific lexical semantic knowledge and powerful inference mechanisms that utilize that knowledge in discourse analysis . given the still relatively limited results within both areas there has been little impetus to combine them . corpus - based extraction of lexical semantic knowledge has only recently become a more feasible task , because of the growing availibility of on-line text documents ; robust corpus processing technologies , such as broad coverage part-of - speech tagging and shallow parsing ; and readily available statistical methods . the various approaches to discourse analysis , originating in such diverse fields as formal semantics , psychology and ai , are in the process of converging into a unified approach to the analysis and representation of the cohesive structure of natural language documents . the intersection between these two fields lies in the application of lexical semantic knowledge to such problems in discourse analysis as anaphora resolution and discourse segmentation . in fact , the benefit will be mutual , because knowledge of discourse structure is helpful to lexical knowledge extraction as well . in summary , large scale domain specific lexical semantic knowledge acquisition can assist in analyzing discourse structures , which in turn can assist in acquiring even more accurate lexical semantic representations for the relevant terms in the domain . further information : to obtain further information please visit the workshop home page at http : / / www . cs . brandeis . edu / ~ paulb / esslli98 . html
  """",0
  2320,""""Subject: conference on linguistics & literature
   
   the 10th annual conference on linguistics and literature will be held at the radisson hotel and conference center in denton , texas on january 30 and 31 , 1998 . the conference is sponsored by the graduate students in english association at the university of north texas ( unt ) with generous support from the unt department of english and from the unt dean of arts and sciences . plenary speakers : donald freeman ( university of southern california ) """""""" whither - - and whether - - english ? """""""" gilles fauconnier ( university of california , san diego ) and mark turner ( university of maryland ) """""""" gradients of creativity """""""" highlight speakers : margaret freeman ( los angeles valley college ) """""""" cognitive poetics : an adequate theory of literature ? """""""" james mccawley ( university of chicago ) """""""" conversational scorekeeping and the interpretation of narrative and expository prose """""""" phyllis perrin wilcox ( university of new mexico ) """""""" cultural variability in the interpretation of metaphors and metonyms in asl poetry """""""" sherman wilcox ( university of new mexico ) """""""" radical iconicity and signed language universals """""""" plus 80 + other papers and presentations in all of the following areas : - literary analysis - linguistic analysis - linguistics and literature - cognitive metaphor - writing pedagogy - creative readings : poetry - creative readings : prose a complete listing of papers and presentations is available at our web site : http : / / www . unt . edu / languaging / * * * registration : following standard practice , the conference offers a reduced rate for early registration . registration forms must be returned to denton via snail-mail no later than january 20 , 1998 in order to receive the reduced rate . our snail-mail address : conference on linguistics and literature department of english university of north texas denton , tx 76203 those wishing to register may use the form provided at our web site at http : / / www . unt . edu / languaging / or may email linglit @ unt . edu for a text copy of our registration form . please direct your conference questions to linglit @ unt . edu
  """",0
  2321,""""Subject: a symposium on second language writing
   
   a symposium on second language writing september 25-26 , 1998 purdue university west lafayette , indiana usa purpose : the purpose of this symposium is to bring together second language writing researchers and teachers to discuss key issues and future directions . you will have opportunities to * learn about the latest developments in the field * network with other researchers and teachers * share your own perspectives on various issues sessions : the symposium consists of keynote and focus sessions , featuring internationally recognized experts in the field of second language writing . in each of the six focus sessions , two speakers will present their perspectives on such topics as theory , research , instruction , assessment , politics , and articulation with other disciplines . in addition , a discussion session at the end of this two-day gathering will provide an opportunity for all participants to continue ongoing conversations , to reflect on and exchange insights gained , and to consider future directions for the field of second language writing . speakers : diane belcher , sarah benesch , joan carson , ulla connor , alister cumming , pat currie , lynn goldstein , william grabe , barbara kroll , ilona leki , liz hamp - lyons , charlene polio , joy reid , terry santos , trudy smoke , and carol severino . for registration information , contact : barbara g . tyner , conference coordinator purdue university 1586 stewart center , room 116 west lafayette , in 47907-1586 usa phone : 765-494 - 2975 or 1-800 - 359-2968 , ext . 92t fax : 765-494 - 0567 e - mail : bgtyner @ cea . purdue . edu for symposium information , contact : tony silva or paul kei matsuda department of english purdue university west lafayette , in 47907-1356 usa phone : 765-494 - 3769 e - mail : pmatsuda @ purdue . edu information is also available at the following url : http : / / omni . cc . purdue . edu / ~ pmatsuda / symposium / purdue university is an equal access / equal opportunity institution .
  """",0
  2322,""""Subject: reminder of coling-acl ' 98 workshop deadline ( cvir ' 98 )
   
   call for papers coling-acl 1998 workshop content visualization and intermedia representations ( cvir ' 98 ) august 15 , 1998 university of montreal montreal , quebec , canada workshop description : in the last few years , multimedia systems have become available which integrate text , graphics , sound ( speech and non-speech audio ) , as well as animation . there are many different communities working on such systems ( e . g . , hypermedia , human-machine interaction , information retrieval , scientific visualization , content extraction , dialog tracking ) , each with distinct concerns and goals , and often the communities are not aware of each other 's research and methods . this workshop aims to bring together these communities to examine the questions of the visual presentation of diverse content through multiple media . the major goal is to explore common intermedia representation languages which are expressive enough to cover diverse modalities yet suitably appropriate for the individual media . with increasing amounts of data , information , and knowledge available to the user , the effective use of visualization is increasingly important in applications . examples include : # visualization of data in scientific literature , including support for interactive information retrieval ; # business and finance data visualization ( data profiling ) ; # automated or assisted map , graph , diagram , or image construction from text or data ; event , process , and knowledge editing and visualization tools ; # and knowledge navigation over databases , texts , and search results . the specific issues addressed by the workshop include but are not limited to : 1 . definition of content : different disciplines and applications have distinct perspectives on what content is , e . g . , of text , video , graphics , collections of interactions or correspondences . 2 . knowledge representation : i . e . , what it is , how to represent it , reason about it , and present it . 3 . taxonomies of content representations , tasks , and visualization artifacts . 4 . representations for content and how these relate to and / or facilitate visualization tasks . 5 . selection and organization of content : deciding what to present and how to organize the presentation of selected content and why ( i . e . , effect ) . 6 . deciding how to coordinate the presentation of content through several media : 7 . the relationship of cognitive task to visualization content and style ( e . g . , visualization structure , properties , form , coherency , interpretability , and accuracy of displays ) . 8 . deciding how to accept and integrate input from several media . 9 . medium - specific encoding of content . 10 . presentation and interaction techniques of generated results . 11 . tailoring visualizations to specific user and usergroup characteristics , knowledge , and interests . 12 . content visualization evaluation metrics and methods . we encourage submissions of demonstrations and / or videos of working visualizations pertaining to the above topics . the organizers will produce a workshop report and , providing there is sufficient interest and adequate results reported , will consider a special edited journal issue and / or state of the art collection . authors are encouraged to submit their workshop papers simultaneously for public discussion to the area intelligence user interfaces of the electronic transactions on artificial intelligence ( etai ) . the etai is a new kind of electronic journal using open and posteriori reviewing . formally , the rules work as follows . in the etai , you first have the article discussed for three months , then you have a chance to revise it based on the feedback , and then you decide whether to submit it for refereeing in the etai or in some other journal . for more information , see : http : / / www . ida . liu . se / ext / etai / . sponsors : sigmedia ( acl 's special interest group on multimedia language processing ) acl / coling program committee : elisabeth andre , dfki saarbruecken branimir boguraev , ibm watson research steve feiner , columbia university michael johnston , oregon graduate institute mark maybury , mitre corporation james pustejovsky , brandeis university steve roth , carnegie mellon university wolfgang wahlster , dfki saarbruecken kent wittenburg , gte laboratories program chairs : james pustejovsky , brandeis university mark t . maybury , mitre requirements for submission : papers are invited that address any of the topics listed above . maximum length is 8 pages including figures and references . please use us or a4 letter format and set margins so that the text lies within a rectangle of 6 . 5 x 9 inches ( 16 . 5 x 23 cm ) . use classical fonts such as times roman or computer modern , 11 to 12 points for text , 14 to 16 points for headings and title . latex users are encouraged to use the acl style file for latex . ms - word users should use the acl style file for ms - word . submissions can be made either as hardcopies or electronically in ascii , postscript , html , or ms - word format . they should be sent to : james pustejovsky cvir ' 98 computer science department 258 volen brandeis university waltham , ma 02254-9110 voice : 1-781 - 736-2709 fax : 1-781 - 736-2741 email : jamesp @ cs . brandeis . edu more detailed information on the workshop can be found at : http : / / www . cs . brandeis . edu / ~ jamesp / cvir / timetable * deadline for electronic submissions : march 11 , 1998 * deadline for hardcopy submissions : march 13 ( arrival date ) * notification of acceptance : may 1 , 1998 * final manuscripts due : june 12 , 1998 organizer information : mark t . maybury , director advanced information systems center the mitre corporation ( ms k308 ) 202 burlington road bedford , ma 01730 tel : 1-78 - 271-7230 fax : 1-781 - 271-2780 maybury @ mitre . org james pustejovsky , associate professor computer science department and volen center for complex systems brandeis university waltham , ma 02254-9110 voice : 1-781 - 736-2709 fax : 1-781 - 736-2741 jamesp @ cs . brandeis . edu james pustejovsky associate professor computer science department and volen center for complex systems brandeis university waltham , ma 02254-9110 usa voice : 1-781 - 736-2709 fax : 1-781 - 736-2741 jamesp @ cs . brandeis . edu http : / / www . cs . brandeis . edu / ~ jamesp http : / / www . cs . brandeis . edu / ~ rllc
  """",0
  2323,""""Subject: cfp : literature and cognitive science ( collection )
   
   literature and cognitive science the editors seek submissions for a collection that aims to facilitate a discussion between the disciplines of literary criticism and cognitive science , centering on the reading of literature . in the spirit of _ more than cool reason _ and subsequent work by mark turner , george lakoff and others , we believe that cognitive approaches to literary texts benefit both disciplines . therefore , we are soliciting two types of papers , works by cognitive scientists / linguists that employ literary texts primarily as examples of language use , and works of literary criticism that use cognitive linguistics or conceptual blending , broadly construed , as tools for analysis . each paper should be an original and valuable contribution to the idiom of its own field . optionally , the papers may either critique some aspects of a conceptual approach or contrast this approach with other approaches current in the respective discipline . possible topics include : genre definition / canon formation textual criticism conceptual basis for literary constructions , including iconicity issues translation studies stylistics / poetics historical development of conceptual structures categorization issues polysemy
  """",0
  2324,""""Subject: 4th intl colloquium on grammatical inference ( icgl )
   
   final call for papers http : / / www . cs . iastate . edu / ~ icgi98 / icgi98 . html fourth international colloquium on grammatical inference ( icgi-98 ) program co - chairs : vasant honavar and giora slutzki iowa state university july 12-14 , 1998 iowa state university ames , iowa , usa . cosponsored by international institute of theoretical and applied physics iowa state university and in cooperation with american association for artificial intelligence ieee systems , man , and cybernetics society acl special interest group on natural language learning introduction grammatical inference , variously refered to as automata induction , grammar induction , and automatic language acquisition , refers to the process of learning of grammars and languages from data . machine learning of grammars finds a variety of applications in syntactic pattern recognition , adaptive intelligent agents , diagnosis , computational biology , systems modelling , prediction , natural language acquisition , data mining and knowledge discovery . traditionally , grammatical inference has been studied by researchers in several research communities including : information theory , formal languages , automata theory , language acquisition , computational linguistics , machine learning , pattern recognition , computational learning theory , neural networks , etc . perhaps one of the first attempts to bring together researchers working on grammatical inference for an interdisciplinary exchange of research results took place under the aegis of the first colloquium on grammatical inference held at the university of essex in united kingdom in april 1993 . this was followed by the ( second ) international colloquium on grammatical inference , held at alicante in spain , the proceedings of which were published by springer - verlag as volume 862 of the lectures notes in artificial intelligence , and the third international colloquium on grammatical inference , held at montpellier in france , the proceedings of which were published by springer - verlag as volume 1147 of the lecture notes in artificial intelligence . following the success of these events and the workshop on automata induction , grammatical inference , and language acquisition , held in conjunction with the international conference on machine learning at nashville in united states in july 1997 , the fourth international colloquium on grammatical inference will be held from july 12 through july 14 , 1998 , at iowa state university in united states . topics of interest the conference seeks to provide a forum for presentation and discussion of original research papers on all aspects of grammatical inference including , but not limited to : * different models of grammar induction : e . g . , learning from examples , learning using examples and queries , incremental versus non-incremental learning , distribution-free models of learning , learning under various distributional assumptions ( e . g . , simple distributions ) , impossibility results , complexity results , characterizations of representational and search biases of grammar induction algorithms . * algorithms for induction of different classes of languages and automata : e . g . , regular , context-free , and context-sensitive languages , interesting subsets of the above under additional syntactic constraints , tree and graph grammars , picture grammars , multi-dimensional grammars , attributed grammars , parameterized models , etc . * theoretical and experimental analysis of different approaches to grammar induction including artificial neural networks , statistical methods , symbolic methods , information-theoretic approaches , minimum description length , and complexity-theoretic approaches , heuristic methods , etc . * broader perspectives on grammar induction - - e . g . , acquisition of grammar in conjunction with language semantics , semantic constraints on grammars , language acquisition by situated agents and robots , acquisition of language constructs that describe objects and events in space and time , developmental and evolutionary constraints on language acquisition , etc . * demonstrated or potential applications of grammar induction in natural language acquisition , computational biology , structural pattern recognition , information retrieval , text processing , adaptive intelligent agents , systems modelling and control , and other domains . program committee technical program chairs : vasant honavar and giora slutzki , iowa state university , usa . technical program committee : r . berwick , mit , usa a . brazma , european bioinformatics institute , cambridge , uk . m . brent , johns hopkins university , usa c . cardie , cornell university , usa w . daelemans , tilburg university , netherlands d . dowe , monash university , australia p . dupont , univ . st . etienne , france . d . estival , university of melbourne , australia j . feldman , international computer science institute , berkeley , usa l . giles , nec research institute , princeton , usa j . gregor , university of tennessee , usa c . de la higuera , lirmm , france a . itai , technion , israel t . knuutila , university of turku , finland j . koza , stanford university , usa k . lang , nec research institute , princeton , usa . m . li , university of waterloo , canada e . makinen , university of tampere , finland l . miclet , enssat , lannion , france . g . nagaraja , indian institute of technology , bombay , india h . ney , university of technology , aachen , germany j . nicolas , irisa , france r . parekh , allstate research and planning center , menlo park , usa l . pitt , university of illinois at urbana - champaign , usa d . powers , flinders university , australia l . reeker , national science foundation , usa y . sakakibara , tokyo denki university , japan . c . samuelsson , lucent technologies , usa a . sharma , university of new south wales , australia . e . vidal , u . politecnica de valencia , spain local arrangements committee dale grosvenor , iowa state university , usa . k . balakrishnan , iowa state university , usa . r . bhatt , iowa state university , usa j . yang , iowa state university , usa . conference format and proceedings the conference will include oral and possibly poster presentations of accepted papers , a small number of tutorials and invited talks . all accepted papers will appear in the conference proceedings to be published by a major publisher . ( negotiations are underway with springer - verlag regarding the publication of icgi-98 proceedings as a volume in their lecture notes in artificial intelligence a subseries of the lecture notes in computer science ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - submission of papers postscript versions of the papers , no more than 12 pages long , ( including figures , tables , and references ) , should be submitted electronically to icgi98 - submissions @ cs . iastate . edu . accepted papers will be allocated 12 pages in the proceedings ( long papers ) or 6 pages in the proceedings ( short papers ) . in those rare instances where authors might be unable to submit postscript versions of their papers electronically , we will try to accomodate them . each paper will be rigorously refereed by at least 2 reviewers for technical soundness , originality , and clarity of presentation . deadlines the relevant schedule for paper submissions is as follows : * march 20 , 1998 . deadline for receipt of manuscripts * april 21 , 1998 . notification of acceptance * may 1 , 1998 . camera ready copies due submission of proposals for tutorials the conference will include a small number of short ( 2 - hour ) tutorials on selected topics in grammatical inference . some examples of possible tutorial topics are : hidden markov models , computational biology applications , and pac learnability of grammars . this list is meant only to be suggestive and not exhaustive . those interested in presenting a a tutorial should submit a proposal ( in plain text format ) to icgi-submissions @ cs . iastate . edu by electronic mail : * a brief abstract ( 300 words or less ) describing the topics to be covered * a brief description of the target audience and their expected background * a brief curriculum vitae including the proposer 's relevant qualifications and publications the relevant schedule for tutorials is as follows : * march 1 , 1998 . deadline for receipt of tutorial proposals * april 1 , 1998 . notification of acceptance * may 1 , 1998 . tutorial notes due financial support limited financial support might be available , subject to the availability of funds , for : * scientists ( especially junior researchers ) from developing countries , especially for those who can find other sources of support for extended visit at a us institution * graduate students and postdocs from us institutions additional details will be posted as they become available .
  """",0
  2325,""""Subject: ials ( 6th lang teacher ed )
   
   the university of edinburgh institute for applied language studies ( ials ) 6th symposium for language teacher educators evaluation and research in language teacher education - - - - - - - - - - edinburgh - - - - - - - - - - - wednesday 18th november - friday 20th november 1998 call for papers * the role of research and evaluation in language teacher education * methods of researching and evaluating language teacher education * the ethics of evaluation and research in language teacher education * evaluating programmes , trainers , and materials in language teacher education * researching the influence of context on the delivery of language teacher education * researching and evaluating methodologies of language teacher education * research as part of the process of training and teacher development * assessing the development of trainee skills * investigating how teachers change * researching supervision and post-lesson feedback * researching the impact of new technologies in language teacher education _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the ials symposia offer a forum for professional exchange among language teacher educators based in the uk and overseas . numbers are limited to 60 . the themes listed above indicate the possible coverage of the papers . papers should not be limited to reports of research but also reflect on the process of research and evaluation and on their role in language teacher education . if you would like to submit a proposal for a paper on any topic related to the theme of the symposium , please write for a proposal form and further information to : suzie huggins 6th ials symposium for language teacher educators institute for applied language studies university of edinburgh 21 hill place edinburgh eh8 9dp scotland , uk . phone 0131 650 6200 fax 0131 667 5927 email : ials . symposium @ ed . ac . uk
  """",0
  2326,""""Subject: ecai-98 # 7 : final call for young researcher papers
   
   august 23-28 1998 brighton uk final call for young researcher papers http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 / youngrescall . html * * * student registration rate before june 1st will be 90 pounds sterling * * * the ecai-98 programme committee is pleased to announce a special programme of short papers for young researchers . important dates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 mar 1998 deadline for abstracts 11 mar 1998 deadline for papers 15 apr 1998 notification of acceptance 15 may 1998 camera - ready copies of papers 26-28 aug 1998 student programme at ecai-98 the aim is to encourage younger ai researchers to attend ecai-98 and to present their on-going work , in the form of short ( 2 page ) papers , which will appear in the conference proceedings . a short paper may either report on the innovative points of work in progress , or on a particular result of special interest . the call is open to researchers who satisfy at least one of the following criteria on 11 march 1998 : - they are under 28 years old - they are currently studying for a phd or other degree qualification in ai ( or a related topic ) - they received a phd in ai ( or a related topic ) within the past two years . submissions are invited on original and previously unpublished research in all aspects of ai , including , but not limited to : abduction , temporal , causal reasoning , and diagnosis ; automated reasoning ; application and enabling technologies ; belief revision and nonmonotonic reasoning ; case - based reasoning ; cognitive modelling and philosophical foundations ; computational linguistics ; constraint - based reasoning and constraint programming ; distributed ai and multiagent systems ; fuzzy logic ; knowledge acquisition ; knowledge representation ; logic programming , and theorem proving ; machine learning , knowledge discovery and data mining ; natural language and intelligent user interfaces ; neural networks in ai ; planning , scheduling , and reasoning about actions ; probabilistic networks ; qualitative preferences and decision in ai ; qualitative and spatial reasoning ; reasoning under uncertainty ; robotics , vision , and signal understanding ; search and meta - heuristics for ai ; verification , validation and testing of knowledge - based systems . submissions should be two pages long using the format described on the ecai-98 style guide web page : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 / style . html a latex style file is available on the website ( or on request . to ecai98 @ cogs . susx . ac . uk ) . accepted papers will be required to conform more strictly to the publishers ' formatting requirements , which will be broadly in line with the present formatting guidelines . submission procedure submission is a two stage process , similar to the process for long papers . an electronic abstract should be sent to ecai98 @ irit . fr by 6 march 1998 . this summary should include the title , author , contact address and abstract for the paper , plus keywords drawn from the above list ( plus other keywords if appropriate ) . a web-based summary submission form is available to make this easier . this summary information should also be included with the paper itself , on a separate sheet of paper . submission of the paper is in hard copy form only , electronic submissions will not be accepted . four copies of the paper ( each including the summary sheet ) , should be sent by post to the ecai-98 programme chair , henri prade , at the address below . the title page should include a statement indicating which of the above eligibility criteria the author satisfies and that the paper has not been submitted elsewhere . the deadline for receipt of papers is 11 march 1998 . papers received after this date will not be reviewed . address for submission - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - henri prade , ecai-98 programme chair irit universite paul sabatier 118 route de narbonne 31062 toulouse cedex 4 france email : henri . prade @ irit . fr tel : + 33 ( 0 ) 561 55 65 79 fax : + 33 ( 0 ) 561 55 62 39 multiple submissions policy ecai-98 will not accept any paper which at the time of submission is under review for , or has already been published or accepted for publication in a journal or another conference . authors are also expected not to submit their papers elsewhere during the review period . these restrictions apply only to journals and conferences and not to workshops or similar specialised meetings with limited audiences . the title page should include a statement that the paper is not under review or accepted for publication in another conference or journal . however , if a young researcher has already submitted a regular paper to ecai-98 , a new submission on the same topic in the form of a short paper is permitted provided that the author declares it on submission . if the regular paper is accepted , the short paper will be considered to have been withdrawn . however such a double submission is not encouraged . the review process the short papers will be reviewed under the control of the ecai-98 program committee under the chairmanship of the ecai-98 programme chair . the ecai-98 programme chair has final authority over the review process and all decisions relating to acceptance of papers . accepted papers will be allocated 15 minutes for oral presentation and 2 pages in the official ecai-98 proceedings . note : as is usual at ecai conferences , students will be able to register for the conference at a significantly reduced and subsidised rate . the registration rate for students who register before june 1st will be 90 pounds sterling . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ecai-98 secretariat tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 678448 centre for advanced software applications fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1273 671320 university of sussex email : ecai98 @ cogs . susx . ac . uk brighton , bn1 9qh , uk url : http : / / www . cogs . susx . ac . uk / ecai98 ecai-98 is organised by the european coordinating committee for artificial intelligence ( eccai ) and hosted by the universities of brighton and sussex on behalf of aisb . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  2327,""""Subject: lrec workshop
   
   * lrec workshop announcement * adapting lexical and corpus resources to sublanguages and applications a workshop to be held at the first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 26 may 1998 the workshop will provide a forum for those researchers involved in the development of methods to integrate corpora and mrds , with the aim of adding adaptive capabilities to existing linguistic resources . organisers : roberto basili ( university of roma """""""" tor vergata """""""" ) , roberta catizone ( university of sheffield ) , maria teresa pazienza ( university of roma """""""" tor vergata """""""" ) , paola velardi ( university of roma """""""" la sapienza ) , yorick wilks ( university of sheffield ) workshop scope and aims lexicons , i . e . , those components of a nlp system that contain """""""" computable """""""" information about words , cannot be considered as static objects . words may behave very differently in different domains , and there are language phenomena that do not generalize across sublanguages . lexicons are a snapshot of a given stage of development of a language , normally provided without support for adaptation changes , whether caused by language creativity and development or the shift to such a previously unencountered domain . the divergence of corpus usages from lexical norms has been studied computationally at least since the late sixties , but only recently has the availability of large on-line corpora made it possible to establish methods to cope systematically with this problem . an emerging branch of research is now involved in studies and experiments on corpus-driven linguistics , with the aim of complementing and extending earlier work on lexicon acquisition based on machine readable dictionaries ( mrd ) : data are extracted from texts , as embodiments of language in use , so as to capture lexical regularities and to code them into operational forms . the purpose of this workshop will be to provide an updated snapshot of current work in the area , and promote discussion of how to make progress . central topics will be ( though this list is in no way exclusive ) : * corpus-driven tuning of mrds to optimize domain-specific inferences , * terminology and jargon acquisition , * sense extensions , * acquisition of preference or subcategorization information from corpora * taxonomy adaptation , * statistical weighting of senses etc . to domains * use of mrds to provide explanations of linguistic phenomena in corpora * what is the scope of """""""" lexical tuning """""""" * the evaluation of lexical tuning as a separate task , or as part of a more generic task industrial panel * * * new * * * * automatic adaptation of lexicons to new domains through the use of application corpora makes nlp applications more adaptable and portable . the program commettee is organizing a joint panel to discuss this ( and other ) issues concerning next generation information extraction systems . the panel intends to bring industrial representatives to confront expectations in ie from their viewpoint and degree of maturity of the offering . the following ( and other ) issues will be discussed : - is there a market for ie ? - what is the demand in domains such as new services for the citizens , telecommunications , management support , etc ? - what are the technical requirements ? is the technology near to the market ? program committee yorick wilks university of sheffield roberta catizone university of sheffield paola velardi university of roma """""""" la sapienza """""""" maria teresa pazienza university of roma """""""" tor vergata """""""" roberto basili university of roma """""""" tor vergata """""""" bran boguraev brandeis university sergei nirenburg new mexico state university james pustejowsky brandeis university ralph grishman new york university christiane fellbaum princeton university paper submission formatting guidelines : papers should not exceed 4000 words or 10 pages . hard copies : three hard copies should be sent to : paola velardi dipartimento di scienza dell ' informazione via salaria 113 00198 roma italy electronic submission : electronic submission will be allowed in poscript or word per mac or rtf . an ftp site will be available on demand . authors should send an info email to paola velardi ( velardi @ dsi . uniroma1 . it ) even important dates * * * * * ( please note extended deadline ) * * * * * * paper submission deadline ( hard copy / electronic ) march 10 paper notification april 1 camera - ready papers due april 20 l&ct workshop may 26 prof . paola velardi dipartimento di scienza dell ' informazione via salaria 113 universita ' """""""" la sapienza """""""" 00198 roma ph . + 39 - ( 0 ) 6-49918356 fax + 39 - ( 0 ) 6-8541842 8841964
  """",0
  2328,""""Subject: dialog ' 98
   
   dialogue ' 98 international workshop on computational linguistics and its applications kazan ( russia ) , may 31 - june 4 , 1998 * * * * final call for papers * * * * dear colleagues , as you probably know dialogue ' 98 , an international annual workshop on computational linguistics and its applications , will take place this year in may 31 - june 4 , near kazan ( tatarstan , russian federation ) . dialogue ' 98 should become fourth international workshop in row of dialogue ' 95 kazan dialogue ' 96 puschino dialogue ' 97 yasnaya polyana reviving the tradition of the interdisciplinary dialogue seminars which were regular national events in the ussr during 70s - 80s . the workshop is an annual meeting place for a dialogue : a ) between researchers from different fields that are related to computational linguistics ( linguists , computer and cognitive scientists , psychologists , researchers in the artificial intelligence ) ; b ) between researchers from the former ussr and the international community . topics of interest include ( but are not limited to ) : * theoretical and cognitive linguistics * syntax , semantics , pragmatics and their interaction * multilingual natural language processing * systems for natural language processing * text , dialogue and speech act in the computational framework * knowledge representation and processing the number of participants is expected about 100 . every prospective attendee is required to submit a short research summary including relevant recent publications , regular and e-mail address , fax and phone numbers . participants who wish to present their work are additionally required to submit a poster ( 3 - 4 double-spaced pages , 6 - 8 kb ) or a full paper ( not exceeding 12 double - spaced pages , 24 kb ) preferably via e-mail ( in plain ascii or uuencoded winword files ) to the aldress of the program committee . because of some additional organizing difficulties which postponed this letter the commitee decided to add two weeks to the time-table of formation of the workshop 's program : * * * deadline for submission : march 16 , 1998 * * * notification of acceptance : march 25 , 1998 * * * final paper due : april 15 , 1998 please send submissions in russian or english , papers in russian should be accompanied with a short summary in english ( approximately 100-200 words ) . we plan to organize selected english - to - russian and russian - to - english translation of talks . addresses for all correspondence : e-mail : dialog98 @ bull . nmd . msu . ru snail mail : dialogue ' 98 russian instititue for artificial intelligence p . o . box 111 , moscow , 103001 , russia . in the field of computational linguistics in russia the dialogue workshops became regular annual events which attract leading researchers from the former ussr as well as other countries . we hope that dialogue ' 98 will continue this tradition . program committee : alexander s . narin ' yani , program chair ( russian institute of artificial intelligence ) christian boitet ( grenoble university ) rais . g . bukharajev ( kazan state university ) ilya n . gorelov ( saratov state university ) alexander e . kibrik ( moscow state university ) igor a . mel ' chuk ( montreal university ) sergei nirenburg ( new - mexico state university ) haldur oim ( tartu university ) dmitrij a . pospelov ( computer center of russian academy of sciences ) secretariate : natalya i . laufer , ( russian institute of artificial intelligence ) olga . v . fedorova , ( moscow state university ) in the organizing committee are included : rais . g . bukharajev ( kazan state university ) valeri solovyev ( kazan state university ) djavdet sulejmanov ( kazan state university ) il 'd us hajbullin ( tatarstan academy of scienses ) nail ' zaimov ( kazan state university ) if you have questions about the workshop , please send e-mail letters to the above-mentioned addresses . please , share this information letter with people you think it may concern .
  """",0
  2329,""""Subject: new trends in variationist linguistics : from attitudes to grammar
   
   the linguistic association of finland is organizing a summer course / workshop on new trends in variationist linguistics : from attitudes to grammar to be held at the university of oulu , the per \ 228meri research station by the unique nature reserves on the hailuoto island august 14-16 , 1998 the workshop will bring together researchers and phd students working in the field of language variation , ranging from morpho-syntactic variation to dialectology , sociolinguistic variation , code-switching , language attitudes and beliefs , and variation in interactional practices . the aim of the workshop is to explore new issues in the study of variation , such as the use of new methodologies and types of data . participants are strongly encouraged to give a paper on any aspect of language variation , as this is an excellent opportunity to get feedback from others working in this area and from some of the leading scholars in variationist studies . invited speakers : peter auer ( university of hamburg ) juhani klemola ( university of leeds ) dennis preston ( michigan state university ) activities : * lectures by invited speakers * presentations by other participants ( 20 min + 10 min for discussion ) * recommended readings before the workshop ( the reading list will be distri - buted to registered participants ) registration fees : * general : fim 200 * members of the association : fim 100 * undergraduate and ma students free * payment upon registration * send by giro account no 800013-1424850 to the linguistic association of finland ( sky ) / variation , or payment at the beginning of the workshop in cash other costs : * accommodation and food fim 170 x 3 . accommodation primarily in 4 - 8 person rooms . * bus from oulu to hailuoto on the morning of 14 august and back on the afternoon of 16 august ( fare between fim 50-100 ) the deadline for submission of abstracts ( one page ; preferably in english ) and registration is april 30 , 1998 . please register and submit an abstract by e-mail to the following address : variation @ ling . helsinki . fi if you send this information by snail mail , please provide an e-mail address as a contact address ( if possible ) . participants will be notified about acceptance by may 31 . for further information , please contact one of the following organizers : marja leinonen marja - leena sorjonen filologia ii department of finnish university of tampere p . o . box 33 p . o . box 67 fin-00014 university of helsinki 33101 tampere finland finland e-mail : sorjonen @ helsinki . fi e-mail : f2male @ uta . fi elise k \ 228rkk \ 228inen matti miestamo department of english department of linguistics university of oulu p . o . box 4 p . o . box 111 fin-00014 university of helsinki fin-90571 oulu finland finland e-mail : matmies @ ling . helsinki . fi e-mail : elise . karkkainen @ oulu . fi information can also be found at : http : / / www . ling . helsinki . fi / sky / variation . html
  """",0
  2330,""""Subject: dialectal variation
   
   harold orton centenary conference : dialectal variation in english school of english university of leeds leeds ls2 9jt uk march 24-26 1998 third circular : program ( me ) tuesday , 24 march 14 . 00 - 14 . 45 registration and coffee at devonshire hall 14 . 45 - 15 . 00 welcome 15 . 00 - 16 . 00 plenary lawrence m davis , charles l houck & veronika horv \ 225th . the east - west new england dialect boundary : another look at the evidence . 16 . 00 - 16 . 30 tea break 16 . 30 - 18 . 00 parallel sessions a nineteenth century dialectology manfred g \ 246rlach . attitudes towards bre dialects in the 19th century . graham shorrocks . an assessment of the development and achievements of british english dialectology in the c19 . bernard jones . barnes and the english dialect society . b regional dialectology 1 kurt rydland . front rounded vowels in traditional northumbrian english : the evidence of the orton corpus . peter wright . earliest days of the survey : its lancashire investigations through dr . fritz rohrer of the university of zurich . mark j jones . the phonology of definite article reduction . 18 . 15 visit to brotherton library , for exhibition , and reception sponsored by routledge 19 . 30 return to devonshire hall dinner , & talk : stanley ellis . reminiscences of the harold orton and the sed wednesday , 25 march 09 . 00 - 10 . 30 parallel sessions a lexicology anna - oksana lozynska . on some problems of decoding polysemantic elements of authentic text . uliana potiantynyk . evolution of slang in the last decades of the 20th century . natalia klimenko . linguistic aspect of adoption of english borrowing ( neologisms ) in the russian language . b social approaches 1 dominic watt . the nurse and north sets in tyneside english . jenny cheshire , annie gillett & ann williams . new dialects for old ? change and continuity in urban british english . sali tagliamonte . synchrony and diachrony in an english dialect . 10 . 30 - 11 . 00 coffee break 11 . 00 - 12 . 00 plenary william elmer . computer capture of the sed basic material . 12 . 00 - 13 . 00 parallel sessions a historical dialectology 1 jeremy smith . prolegomena to a new history of middle english spelling : dialectal variation and communicative function . robert stockwell & donka minkova . explanations of sound change : the intersection between dialect data and phonetic ' naturalness ' . b social approaches 2 paul foulkes & gerry docherty . variation in the realisation of glottal in tyneside english . kimberley farrar , esther grabe & francis nolan . english intonation in the british isles . 13 . 00 - 14 . 00 lunch 14 . 00 - 15 . 30 parallel sessions a social approaches 3 c macafee . scots language attitudes and language maintenance . jane stuart - smith . t - glottalling in glaswegian . jennifer smith . ' but they never tells you that in the paper ' : grammatical variation in a scottish dialect . b dialect in literature joan beal . popular literature in tyneside english : from geordie ridley to viz . rory mcturk . where have all the dialects gone ? some problems of literary translation from english into icelandic . hans sauer . literary representations of modern scottish english . 15 . 30 - 16 . 00 tea break 16 . 00 - 17 . 30 parallel sessions a social approaches 4 sandrine dalban . supra - local forms and gender identity : a study of tyneside adolescents . louise cunningham . gender and dialects : issues of social change . lyndsay jarvis . measuring the decline of scots vocabulary b regional dialectology 2 heinrich ramisch . the definite article in northern english dialects . gunnel melchers . ' brittly , cassen , splay-feeted ' . derivational morphology in regional dialects . 17 . 00 - 18 . 00 guillaume schiltz . workshop on dialectometry . 18 . 00 - 19 . 00 reception , talk and readings the novelist and script-writer barry hines . ( yorkshire & humberside arts ) 19 . 45 for 20 . 00 reception and conference dinner . music by o'contraire . thursday , 26 march 09 . 00 - 10 . 00 plenary william a kretzschmar jr . the future of dialectology . 10 . 00 - 11 . 00 parallel sessions a ongoing leeds projects jussi klemola & mark jones . the leeds corpus of english dialects project , clive upton & carmen llamas . the first sure moves : early steps towards a large dialect project b international perspectives elvira myachinskaya & yuri kleiner . english dialectology in leningrad - st petersburg , russia chris jeffrey . english in south africa 11 . 00 - 11 . 30 coffee break 11 . 30 - 13 . 00 parallel sessions a historical dialectology 2 derek a britton . richard brome and lancashire dialect of the seventeenth century . anette rosenbach & letizia vezzosi . was the s-genitive a traveller through england ? merja black . parellel lines through time ? written and spoken variation in english dialects . b regional dialectology 3 arnold kellett . bridging the dialect gap . john widdowson . lexical erosion in english regional dialects . alan v murray . ' you can't wesist my chawisma ' : sociolinguistic aspects of / r / variation in dialects of british english 12 . 00 - 13 . 00 lunch and farewell pm optional excursion to ilkley and its moor ( payment extra ) , if there is sufficient demand , . harold orton centenary conference march 24-26 1998 registration details 1998 sees the centenary of the birth of harold orton , co-founder of the survey of english dialects , and the half-centenary of the survey itself . the conference aims to take stock of the research achievements in dialectology to date ; to address current issues in diachronic and synchronic variation in english , from the perspectives of dialectology , socio-linguistics ; corpus-based linguistics ; stylistics , literary dialect study , and other related fields ; and to look forward to research projects for the new millennium . the conference organisers also wish to bring together colleagues and young scholars working on linguistic variation in english from all over the world . a selection of papers will be published in the leeds studies in english . offers of ' work in progress ' reports or project details ( as poster sessions ) , workshops , , etc . are still welcome . please send any titles as soon as possible to dr clive upton < clive @ sed . prestel . co . uk > or < c . s . upton @ leeds . ac . uk > ; or c / o school of english , university of leeds . during the conference : there will be a special exhibition of sed materials , etc and regional writers in the special collections section of the brotherton library . other archive materials , from the sed and former institute of folk life studies housed in the school of english can be made available for consultation . there will also be exhibitions and book and dialect society displays , poster sessions , on site . a lunch-time finish allows people to go on to the sociolinguistics symposium 12 at the institute of education ( mid-day 26 march to saturday 28 march ) , organised by euan reid . in timetabling the papers , we have endeavoured to accommodate this event . location of conference and registration . the conference is being held in the university 's devonshire hall , which is set in its own ' cloistered ' grounds just 10 / 15 minute walk north of the main campus across woodhouse moor , and off the road to headingley ( otley road ) there are frequent bus services to the campus and city , just 10 / 15 minutes away . there is a lounge bar , squash court , launderette , billiards and snooker rooms , and dance area . all study bedrooms have wash handbasins , and tea and coffee making facilities . there is on-street car parking near the main gates . registration and welcome on tuesday 24 march from 2 . 00 p . m . onwards . leeds is a vibrant , cosmopolitan city , full of markets , malls , galleries and caf \ 233s . the university of leeds is one of the largest in the uk . the mainline station is only one mile from the university , and has full intercity connections . there is an hourly train link with london ( journey time between 2 hours and 2 and a half hours ) . the m1 / m62 reaches into the city centre . the leeds / bradford airport 6 miles away serves the uk and europe , with british midland shuttles to london , amsterdam and paris . there is also an excellent rail link between leeds and manchester airport . optional excursion : to ilkley & its moor ( singing obligatory ) . costs : the full residential package includes conference fee ; bed and full english breakfast , morning and afternoon refreshments , two course buffet lunch with coffee , three course dinner with coffee / conference banquet ; drinks reception . \ 163145 the non-residential package includes conference fee ; morning and afternoon refreshments ; lunch and dinner / banquet ; drinks reception . \ 163105 harold orton conference registration form ( please detach and return to catherine sowden , conference secretary , school of english , university of leeds , leeds ls2 9jt ) title and name - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - address for correspondence - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - telephone - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - fax - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - e - mail - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - are you intending to give a paper ? - - - - - - - - or workshop ? - - - - - - - - or poster session ? - - - - - - - - - any special audio-visual and / or computing equipment requirements ? would you be willing to chair a session ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - do you wish your session to be timetabled to enable you to go on to the sociolinguistics symposion on thursday afternoon ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( please try to bring all your hand-outs with you . photocopying facilities are limited , and you will be charged . ) do you want ( a ) full board - - - - - - - ( b ) non-residential package - - - - - - - any special dietary requirements ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - do you want any additional nights bed and breakfast ? ( cost : \ 16326 per person per night ) ( please specify ) - - - - - - - - would you be interested in any excursion , and if so where to ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cheques in sterling and drawn on a uk clearing bank or eurocheque account should be made payable to ' the university of leeds ' , and sent to catherine sowden , conference secretary , school of english , university of leeds , leeds ls2 9jt . credit card payments also accepted ( access , master card and visa only ) : credit card name and number : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - expiry date - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - signature - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - please return this form by january 31st 1998 at the latest if you require residential accommodation ! ! ! if you have any queries , please contact professor katie wales , conference organiser , school of english , university of leeds . < k . wales @ leeds . ac . uk > please feel free to inform colleagues of this conference . or if you know of someone who would like to be put on our mailing list , please let katie wales know . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * anthea fraser gupta : http : / / www . leeds . ac . uk / english / $ staff / afg school of english university of leeds leeds ls2 9jt uk * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  2331,""""Subject: workshops and conferences at 1999 institute
   
   workshops and conferences at the 1999 linguistic institute linguistics for the 21st century : form and function from western and nonwestern perspectives the summer linguistic institute has traditionally been a popular venue for host workshops and conferences . the upcoming 1999 institute will be held at the university of illinois june 21 - july 30 1999 . if you are interested in organizing a workshop or conference at the 1999 linguistic institute , please contact us as soon as pos - sible ( before may 30 1998 , if at all possible ) . the infrastructure will be in place to host events that range from 10-500 participants . we expect dozens of events to be held here during the institute , and popular dates and rooms will fill up fast . information on the web : about the institute : http : / / cogsci . uiuc . edu / ~ linginst / 1999 / page . html . about the linguistics department at the university of illinois : http : / / www . cogsci . uiuc . edu / linguistics . about the university of illinois and surrounding community : http : / / www . uiuc . edu adele goldberg , internal associate director linguistics department 4088 foreign languages building 707 south mathews urbana , il 61801 adele @ cogsci . uiuc . edu 217 333-7017 hans henrich hock , director ivan sag , external director kelly maynard , assistant
  """",0
  2332,""""Subject: discourse , anaphora and reference resolution 2 - call for delegates
   
   call for delegates daarrc2 - discourse , anaphora and reference resolution colloquium lancaster university , 1 - 4th august , 1998 invited speakers - prof . michael hoey """""""" looking at the text linguistics of certain words """""""" prof . pieter seuren """""""" a discourse - semantic account of donkey anaphora """""""" branimir boguraev """""""" anaphora in computational linguistics """""""" in this email : description draft programme registration form description anaphora and problems of reference resolution have received a great deal of attention from workers in linguistics , computational linguistics , artificial intelligence and information retrieval for a number of decades . such problems have proved a major challenge for all of these fields , and a great many differing theories and solutions have been proposed and implemented with varying degrees of success . this colloquium aims to fill a need for researchers in this field to meet . our hope is that this meeting will allow all of the different strands of work to be identified , with a view to producing an up-to - date review of the field . to this end , a coloquium will take place from the 1st to the 4th of august , 1998 at lancaster university , uk , organized jointly by the department of linguistics , lancaster university and the institute for english studies , lodz university , poland . this colloquium is a follow up to the highly succesful daarc colloquium held at lancaster in 1996 . our aim this time is specifically geared towards encouraging a cross-fertilization of ideas between theoretical linguistics , corpus linguistics and computational linguistics . the daarc2 organizing committee simon botley , lodz university , poland tony mcenery , lancaster university , uk ruslan mitkov , wolverhampton university , uk pieter seuren , nijmegen university , netherlands andrew wilson , chemnitz university , germany draft programme day 1 2 - 5 registration 7 buffet / wine reception day 2 8 - 9 breakfast 9 - 10 plenary a - michael hoey 6 """""""" looking at the text linguistics of certain words """""""" 10 - 11 session a - corpus 1 marco antonio de rocha , university of sussex , uk , """""""" anaphora , collocations and discourse markers in dialogues in english and portuguese """""""" michael barlow , rice university , usa , """""""" feature mismatches and anaphora resolution """""""" 11 - 11 : 30 coffee 11 : 30 - 1 session b computational ruslan mitkov , university of wolverhampton , uk , """""""" evaluating anaphora resolution approaches """""""" suzanne luperfoy , mitre corporation , usa , """""""" incremental pronoun resolution in discourse representation theory """""""" s . azzam , k . humphreys , and r . gaizauskas , university of sheffield , uk , """""""" extending a simple coreference algorithm with a focusing mechanism """""""" 1 - 2 : 30 lunch 2 : 30 - 4 : 00 session c - theoretical approaches 1 kris fletcher , university of lincolnshire and humberside , """""""" proactive versus retroactive processing in pronominal resolution """""""" sophia cormack , university of sunderland , """""""" incremental pronoun resolution in discourse representation theory """""""" miriam eckert , university of edinburgh , uk , """""""" the german topic position and null anaphora """""""" 4 - 4 : 30 tea 4 : 30 - 6 : 30 session d - theoretical approaches 2 ileana comorowski , university of nancy , france , """""""" wh - complements and donkey anaphora """""""" evelyn fogwe , university of hamburg , germany , """""""" anaphora dn binding in meta questions """""""" seth minkoff , university of new mexico , usa , """""""" structural and hybrid binding """""""" ana teresa alves , univesridade dos azores , portugal , """""""" sentential anaphora and restrictions on temporal operators """""""" 7 : 30 dinner day 3 8 - 9 breakfast 9 - 10 plenary b - pieter steuren , nijmegen university , netherlands , """""""" a discourse - semantic account of donkey anaphora """""""" 10 - 11 session e - corpus 2 ronald geluykens , university of munster , germany , """""""" conversational anaphora and referential repair in english """""""" botley & uzar , university of lodz , poland , """""""" investigating learner english anaphora the pelcra way """""""" 11 - 11 : 30 coffee 11 : 30 - 1 session f - computational donna byron and james allen , university of rochester , usa , """""""" resolving demonstrative anaphora in the trains93 corpus """""""" amit bagga , duke university , usa , """""""" the evaluation of coreferences and coreference resolution systems """""""" roland stuckardt , university of frankfurt , germany , """""""" an efficient centering - based algorithm for anaphor resolution """""""" 1 - 2 : 30 2 : 30 - 4 : 00 session g - theoretical approaches 3 fridirique depain - delmotte , university of besancon , """""""" resolving anaphoric reference - a multi - strategy approach """""""" gary wilson , university of lincolnshire & humderside , uk , """""""" do situational or thematic roles provide the best cues to pronoun assignment ? """""""" maarten jaansen , university of utrecht , netherlands , """""""" nominal versus plain anaphora """""""" 4 : 00 - 4 : 30 tea 4 : 30 - 6 : 30 session h - theoretical approaches 4 tomoko tsujimoto , osaka institute of technology , japan , """""""" discourse deixis : this , that and it """""""" kirsi hiltunen , university of joensuu , finland , """""""" reflexive pronouns in finnish : syntactic or pragmatic ? """""""" andrei popescu - belis and isabelle robba , limsi-cnrs , france , """""""" evaluation of coreference rules on complex narrative texts """""""" antonio branco , german research center for artificial intelligence and university of lisbon , germany / portugal , """""""" a lean constraint based implementation of binding theory """""""" 7 : 30 dinner day 4 8 - 9 breakfast 9 - 10 plenary c , bran boguraev """""""" anaphora in computational linguistics """""""" 10 - 11 session i - corpus 3 tony mcenery , simon botley & paul baker , lancaster & lodz university , uk / poland , """""""" developmental deixis - deixis in the age range 7 - 11 """""""" antonio ferandez , m . palomar and l . moreno , alicante university , spain , """""""" a computational approach to pronominal anaphora , one anaphora and surface - count anaphora """""""" 11 - 11 : 30 coffee 11 : 30 - 1 session j - computational 3 claude belisle and denis morell , universities of tours & nantes , france , """""""" the automatic building of a relationships tranducer between proper names based on relational database system - an example of detection and processing of relationships between names of places and names of inhabitants """""""" ivadre parabono and vera lucia strube de lima , pontificia universidade catolica do rio grande do sul , brazil , """""""" possessive pronominal anaphor resolution in portuguese written texts """""""" jan kuper , university of twente , netherlands , """""""" anaphora in the case of universal and existential quantifiers """""""" 1 - 2 : 30 lunch the end daarc2 registration form = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = to register : 1 . send this form by surface mail to : daarc2 , department of linguistics and modern english language , lancaster university , bailrigg , lancaster la1 4yt united kingdom 2 . or fax it to : + 44 - 1524 - 843085 3 . or email it to : mcenery @ comp . lancs . ac . uk please register before 5th june 1998 , otherwise we cannot guarrantee the availability of accommodation . the fee for daarc2 includes the following : attendance at all daarc2 sessions conference pack including proceedings accommodation on the 1st , 2nd and 3rd august meals : 1st august : evening buffet and wine reception 2nd august : mid-morning coffee , lunch , afternoon coffee and dinner 3rd august : breakfast plus mid-morning coffee , lunch , afternoon coffee and dinner . 4th august : breakfast , mid-morning coffee , lunch accommodation is provided in single study bedrooms on the lancaster university main campus . should you wish to bring a partner and require double or twin room accomodation please contact the organizers as soon as possible . such accomodation is limited at the the campus and will be given on a first come first served basis . payment details : fees are payable in pounds sterling or us dollars . please make cheques payable to ' lancaster university ' . sterling money orders can also be used for payment , and must be made payable to ' lancaster university ' . us dollar cheques are also acceptable , using a fixed exchange rate of 1 . 5 $ us to the pound . unfortunately , we cannot accept credit card payments . you may pay at the conference in cash . please indicate clearly on the form if you wish to exercise this option . early registration discounts do not apply to such registrations , however . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = registration form = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ title : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ department : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ institution / organisation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postcode / city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ payment before 14 / 6 / 98 residential 280 . 00 gbp [ ] student 200 . 00 gbp [ ] non - residential 150 . 00 gbp [ ] payment after 14 / 6 / 98 [ ] or payment at registration [ ] ( tick as appropriate ) residential 300 . 00 gbp [ ] student 220 . 00 gbp [ ] non - residential 170 . 00 gbp [ ] accompanying persons : accompanying persons , who will not attend the conference but who are travelling with delegates , may register for the conference for accomodation and meals only at an 80 gbp discount on the full residential price . they should fill in registration form and ammend it accordingly , marking it clearly accompanying person . note : students must provide written evidence of their full time student status , such as an official headed letter from their supervisor . additional accomodation on night of july 31st ( including breakfast on 1st of august ) : 40 . 00 gbp [ ] additional accomodation on the night of 4th august ( including breakfast on the 5th august ) : 40 . 00 gbp [ ] special dietary requirements : none [ ] vegetarian [ ] vegan [ ] other [ ] please specify : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ any other comments : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  """",0
  2333,""""Subject: workshop announcement for distribution
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for papers call for papers call for papers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * acl / coling-98 workshop on partially automated techniques for transcribing naturally occurring , continuous speech august 16 , 1998 ( following acl / coling-98 ) university of montreal , montreal ( quebec , canada ) call for papers description - - - - - - - - - - the development of robust systems for speech analysis and synthesis depends crucially on the availability of well-annotated corpora of naturally occurring , continuous speech . yet existing speech corpora are rarely well-annotated . a key to proper annotation is the availability of partially automated systems for linking selected portions of a visual display of speech to the corresponding transcriptions . to be of practical use , such systems must be able to handle large files of digitized speech and they should permit transcriptions at different levels of analysis . this workshop will be devoted to the presentation and discussion of papers and software demonstrations which reflect the current state of the art . we invite proposals of up to 800 words which address the development , use , evaluation , or potential commercial application of such systems . submissions - - - - - - - - - - only email submissions in latex or ascii will be accepted . authors should submit an abstract of no more than 800 words to : trans98 @ cs . concordia . ca style files and templates for latex submissions can be found at http : / / colingacl98 . iro . umontreal . ca / styles . html the official language of the conference is english . important deadlines - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - submission deadline : april 15 , 1998 notification date : may 15 , 1998 camera ready copy due : june 15 , 1998 program committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nancy belmore concordia university , canada sabine bergler concordia university , canada john esling univ . of victoria , canada eric keller univ . of lausanne , switzerland roland kuhn panasonic technologies , inc . , u . s . a . douglas o'shaughnessy inrs - telecommunications , canada ching y . suen concordia university , canada organizers - - - - - - - - - nancy belmore concordia university , canada sabine bergler concordia university , canada douglas o'shaughnessy inrs - telecommunications , canada registration - - - - - - - - - - - there is a discounted workshop fee for participants of coling / acl . participants who are not registered for coling / acl will have to pay the full workshop fee ( to be announced shortly ) . information - - - - - - - - - - any requests for information should be sent to trans98 @ cs . concordia . ca
  """",0
  2334,""""Subject: call for papers / appel a publier
   
   [ message francais ci-dessous ] call for papers mcgill working papers in linguistics / cahiers linguistiques de mcgill mcgill working papers in linguistics / cahiers linguistiques de mcgill is a publication concerned with the various aspects of the study of language , including morphology , phonology , semantics , syntax , language acquisition , psycholinguistics , neurolinguistics , sociolinguistics , and the philosophy of language . the articles appearing in mcgill working papers in linguistics / cahiers linguistiques de mcgill are previously unpublished reports of ongoing research and may subsequently appear , revised or unrevised , in other publications . papers in any of the above areas are solicited for volume 14 , issue 1 , which is scheduled to appear november 1998 . we welcome submissions in either english or french . deadline for submission : may 15th , 1998 authors are requested to provide both a hard and diskette copy . files should preferably be formatted with microsoft word 5 or 6 ( for mac or pc ) . please include any special font ( e . g . phonetic ) used . accepted papers will be returned to the authors for subsequent revision and formatting . any questions should be directed to the editors , at either the postal or the email addresses below . yvan rose jeffrey steele editors department of linguistics mcgill university 1001 sherbrooke st . west montreal ( quebec ) h3a 1g5 canada email : yrose @ po-box . mcgill . ca jsteel1 @ po-box . mcgill . ca appel a publier cahiers linguistiques de mcgill / mcgill working papers in linguistics les cahiers linguistiques de mcgill / mcgill working papers in linguistics s ' interessent a tous les aspects relies a l ' etude du langage , incluant la morphologie , la phonologie , la semantique , la syntaxe , l ' acquisition , la psycholinguistique , la neurolinguistique , la sociolinguistique , et la philosophie du langage . les articles qui paraissent dans les cahiers linguistiques de mcgill / mcgill working papers in linguistics sont des travaux en cours qui peuvent ensuite apparaitre , en version revisee ou non , dans d ' autres revues scientifiques . nous sollicitons des articles dans l ' une ou l ' autre des disciplines mentionnees ci-dessus pour le volume 14 , numero 1 , dont la date de parution est prevue pour novembre 1998 . les articles peuvent etre soumis en francais ou en anglais . date limite pour soumettre : 15 mai 1998 les auteurs doivent soumettre a la fois une copie imprimee et le fichier informatique de l ' article . les fichiers doivent etre formates avec microsoft word 5 ou 6 ( pour mac ou pc ) . svp inclure toute police de caracteres non standard ( p . ex . caracteres phonetiques ) utilisee . les travaux acceptes seront retournes aux auteurs pour revisions et mise en page subsequentes . toute question doit etre directement adressee aux editeurs , a l ' une ou l ' autre des adresses postale ou electroniques ci-dessous . yvan rose jeffrey steele editeurs departement de linguistique universite mcgill 1001 rue sherbrooke ouest montreal ( quebec ) h3a 1g5 canada courriel : yrose @ po-box . mcgill . ca jsteel1 @ po-box . mcgill . ca
  """",0
  2335,""""Subject: december conference
   
   preliminary announcement first international workshop on written language processing sydney , australia 7th - 9th december 1998 the aim of this workshop ( iwwlp ) is to bring together researchers from around the world who are interested in the cognitive processes involved in reading . the emphasis will be on the empirical study of orthographic , phonological , semantic and syntactic processing in reading words and sentences . it is hoped that the research reported throughout the workshop will include analyses of a broad range of languages and types of script . papers will be of 20 minutes in length with 10 minutes extra for questions . there may also be poster sessions depending on the number of participants involved . the workshop will take place shortly after the 5th international conference on spoken language processing that will also occur in sydney ( 30th november-4 th december 1998 , see : http : / / trust . anu . edu . au : 80 / icslp98 / ) . there will be an official call for papers for iwwlp at a later date . at this stage , we are wanting to develop a mailing list of interested parties and to determine the approximate number of participants . if there is any chance of you participating , please send an email to m . taft @ unsw . edu . au ( as soon as possible ) saying the following : name : address : email : fax : probability that you will come : would you present a paper ? if yes , oral or poster ? please circulate this notice to any other people whom you think might be interested . contact : marcus taft , school of psychology , university of nsw , sydney nsw 2052 australia fax : + 612-93853641 phone : + 612-93853026 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * marcus taft , ph . d . associate professor school of psychology university of new south wales sydney n . s . w . 2052 australia ph : 61 - 2-9385 3026 fax : 61 - 2-9385 3641
  """",0
  2336,""""Subject: amta-98 ( machine translation )
   
   amta-98 : machine translation and the information soup ( mt in a growing field of language technologies ) the sheraton bucks county hotel langhorne , pennsylvania october 28-31 , 1998 organized by amta - association for machine translation in the americas the association for machine translation in the americas is pleased to convene its third conference in the biennial series , to be held at the sheraton bucks county hotel in langhorne , pa , on 28-31 october , with tutorials and welcoming reception on wednesday , october 28 . the mt summit last year commemorated the 50th anniversary of machine translation . during that time , mt grew from a tantalizing dream to a respectable and stable scientific-linguistic enterprise , with users , commercial systems , university research , and government participation . but until very recently , mt has been performed in a relatively isolated manner , as a distinct enterprise . this situation is changing rapidly . the explosive growth of the web has brought multilingual text into the reach of nearly everyone with a computer . it is increasingly urgent that the various types of language processing technologies - - information retrieval , automated summarization , multimodal and multilingual display , and machine translation - - be interconnected . amta invites all who are interested in any aspect of machine translation - - developers , researchers , users , and watchers - - to attend the conference in october . at amta-98 we will focus on methods of integrating the language technologies , with invited speakers , panel discussions , papers by researchers and developers , workshops , tutorials , and more . participation by members of amta 's sister organization , aamt in asia and eamt in europe , is strongly encouraged . and people working in related areas , such as information retrieval and summarization , are very welcome to attend . registration form a copy of the amta-98 registration form will soon be posted on the web at : http : / / www . isi . edu / natural-language / amta98 . html the program once again there will be something for everyone ! retaining the pattern of parallel sessions established by its predecessors , amta-98 will offer a mixture of : - invited talks - panels on current and debated issues - practical and theoretical papers - tutorials - live theater-style system demonstrations - exhibits of systems and products featured speakers - situating mt in the information ( language technology ) soup - commercial demands on mt - what can mt technology deliver ? - integration of mt with other language tools special sessions - mt related language technologies - automatic extraction of bilingual lexicons - the future of the lexicon in mt panels - new users : implementing mt technology - the amta / iamt seal of approval : sorting the good from the bad - future needs : breaking the quality ceiling system demonstrations demonstrations will be given both in a theater-style setting as part of the regular program and on tabletops , where non-commercial systems will be presented on an announced schedule . demonstrations will occur in parallel with the research paper sessions . research papers papers on a variety of topics , written and presented by researchers , practitioners and users of machine translation and related language technologies will be presented in sessions parallel to the system demonstrations . exhibits in addition to the scheduled demonstrations , vendor booths will showcase commercial products on an ongoing basis throughout the conference . tutorials participants may choose from a number of tutorials to be held in the morning and the afternoon of wednesday , 28 october . accommodations : the sheraton bucks county hotel - langhorne , pa conveniently located in an area renowned for its beauty , history and culture , the sheraton bucks county hotel offers easy access to philadelphia , new york and new jersey . just off i-95 and route 1 , northeast of philadelphia , it is minutes away from planes , trains and turnpikes , right in the heart of berenstein bears countryside . guests are surrounded by unique shopping , sightseeing and enter - tainment opportunities including sesame place , peddler 's village , and the franklin mills mall , and minutes away from historic new hope . atlantic city and the pennsylvania dutch country are easy day trips . this recently built , colonial style hotel has 187 - rooms . accommodations include luxurious suites for corporate lodging and entertaining , and an executive floor . spacious guest rooms are soundproof and feature individually controlled air conditioning , direct two-line touch-tone phones , cable tv with remote control , and coffee makers . the elegant hospitality is complete with valet parking , a hair salon for men and women , valet service , gift shop , video game room , fully-equipped spa with indoor pool , state-of - the-art exercise equipment , jacuzzi , steam room and sauna . guests and members may receive individualized expert assistance with their fitness programs . further information will be available from : http : / / www . isi . edu / natural-language / amta98 . html related events - wednesday , welcoming reception in exhibit area ( complementary ) - friday , banquet at the university of pennsylvania museum - saturday , optional tour of historic downtown philadelphia area : independence mall , liberty bell , etc . additional information please contact eduard hovy at the address below if you have further questions about the program , site , or accommodations , or to request the amta-98 registration packet , which includes a map and directions for ground transportation . for more information as it becomes available , as well as a printable copy of the amta-98 registration form , see : http : / / www . isi . edu / natural-language / amta98 . html organizers conference chair eduard hovy usc information sciences institute 4676 admiralty way marina del rey , ca 90292-6695 usa tel : + 1-310 - 822-1511 ext . 731 fax : + 1-310 - 823-6714 email : hovy @ isi . edu program chairs laurie gerber systran software , inc . 7855 fay avenue , suite 300 la jolla , ca 92037 usa tel : + 1-619 - 459-6700 ext . 119 fax : + 1-619 - 459-8487 email : lgerber @ systransoft . com david farwell computing research laboratory new mexico state university box 3001 / 3crl las cruces , new mexico 88003 usa tel : + 1-505 - 646-5108 fax : + 1-505 - 646-6218 email : david @ crl . nmsu . edu local arrangements chair martha palmer department of computer and information science university of pennsylvania 200 s . 33rd street philadelphia , pa 19104 tel : + 1-215 - 898-2661 fax : + 1-215 - 898-0587 email : mpalmer @ linc . cis . upenn . edu exhibits coordinator kim belvin 659 dell street solana beach , ca 92075 tel : + 1-619 - 481-8446 fax : + 1-619 - 350-8613 amta focal point deborah becker association for machine translation in the americas 1201 pennsylvania avenue , n . w . , suite 300 washington , dc 20004 usa tel / fax : + 1-703 - 716-0912 email : amta @ clark . net - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - eduard hovy email : hovy @ isi . edu usc information sciences institute tel : 310-822 - 1511 ext 731 4676 admiralty way fax : 310-823 - 6714 marina del rey , ca 90292-6695 project homepage : http : / / www . isi . edu / natural-language / nlp-at - isi . html
  """",0
  2337,""""Subject: coling - acl ' 98 workshop announcements
   
   below are two more coling - acl ' 98 workshop announcements : - discourse relations and discourse markers - partially automated techniques for transcribing naturally occurring , continuous speech seperated by : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for papers coling - acl ' 98 workshop """""""" discourse relations and discourse markers """""""" august 15 , 1998 universiti de montrial montrial / canada ( see also : http : / / flp . cs . tu-berlin . de / ~ marker / aclcolingws . html ) the notion of discourse relation has received many different interpretations , some of which are hardly compatible with one another . nonetheless , there is a consensus among researchers that intersegment relations hold between adjacent portions of a text and that these relations may be signalled by linguistic means , including so-called cue phrases , aspect and mood shifts , theme inversions , and other markers . the workshop intends to bring together researchers working on discourse relations and discourse markers in different linguistic traditions and different nlp applications . the particular focus of the workshop is the issue of discourse relations from the viewpoint of linguistic realization . specifically , contributions should address one or more of the following questions : o what are sound methodologies for comparing similar discourse markers ( contrastive studies , distribution analyses , etc . ) ? o what are sound methodologies for relating discourse relations with potential realizations ? o are there discourse relations that are always lexically signalled ? are there any that are never lexically signalled ? o what non-lexical ( i . e . , syntactic or prosodic ) means are used to signal a relation ? o in production , how does one decide whether to signal a relation at all ? o in production , how does one motivate a choice among candidate signals for a given relation ? o in production , how does the choice of signal interact with other decisions ( in particular , those of linearizing some tree or graph structure ) ? o in analysis , is it possible to reliably infer discourse relations from surface cues ? o in analysis , how can one disambiguate polysemous signals such as """""""" and """""""" , """""""" since """""""" ( temporal or causal ) etc . ? o what are useful lexical representations of discourse markers , for both analysis and production ? o what are useful representations of discourse relations ( and the entities they relate ) , such that they facilitate the realization decision ? what features would one like to have handy in a representation so that choices can be made easily ? o are there significant differences between realizations in spoken and written language ? o how do individual languages differ in terms of any of the above issues ? organizing committee the workshop is organized by manfred stede ( tu berlin ) leo wanner ( university of stuttgart ) eduard hovy ( isi / usc , marina del rey ) requirements for submission papers are invited that address any of the topics listed above . maximum length is 8 pages including figures and references . please use a4 or us letter format and set margins so that the text lies within a rectangle of 6 . 5 x 9 inches ( 16 . 5 x 23 cm ) . use classical fonts such as times roman or computer modern , 11 to 12 points for text , 14 to 16 points for headings and title . latex users are encouraged to use the style file provided by acl : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / colaclsub . sty papers can be submitted either electronically in postscript format , or as hardcopies . submissions from north america should be sent to : eduard hovy information sciences institute 4676 admiralty way marina del rey , ca 90292-6695 u . s . a . hovy @ isi . edu submissions from elsewhere should be sent to either of the following : manfred stede leo wanner tu berlin computer science department kit project group intelligent systems group sekr . fr 6-10 university of stuttgart franklinstr . 28 / 29 breitwiesenstr . 20-22 d-10587 berlin d-70565 stuttgart germany germany stede @ cs . tu-berlin . de wannerlo @ informatik . uni-stuttgart . de timetable deadline for electronic submissions : march 10 , 1998 deadline for hardcopy submissions : march 13 ( arrival date ) notification of acceptance : may 1 , 1998 final manuscripts due : june 12 , 1998 program committee sandra carberry ( u delaware ) barbara dieugenio ( u pittsburgh ) eduard hovy ( usc / isi ) alistair knott ( u edinburgh ) alex lascarides ( u edinburgh ) owen rambow ( cogentex inc . ) ted sanders ( u utrecht ) donia scott ( u brighton ) wilbert spooren ( u tilburg ) manfred stede ( tu berlin ) keith vander linden ( calvin college ) marilyn walker ( att labs ) leo wanner ( u stuttgart ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for papers call for papers call for papers acl / coling-98 workshop on partially automated techniques for transcribing naturally occurring , continuous speech august 16 , 1998 ( following acl / coling-98 ) university of montreal , montreal ( quebec , canada ) call for papers description - - - - - - - - - - the development of robust systems for speech analysis and synthesis depends crucially on the availability of well-annotated corpora of naturally occurring , continuous speech . yet existing speech corpora are rarely well-annotated . a key to proper annotation is the availability of partially automated systems for linking selected portions of a visual display of speech to the corresponding transcriptions . to be of practical use , such systems must be able to handle large files of digitized speech and they should permit transcriptions at different levels of analysis . this workshop will be devoted to the presentation and discussion of papers and software demonstrations which reflect the current state of the art . we invite proposals of up to 800 words which address the development , use , evaluation , or potential commercial application of such systems . submissions - - - - - - - - - - only email submissions in latex or ascii will be accepted . authors should submit an abstract of no more than 800 words to : trans98 @ cs . concordia . ca style files and templates for latex submissions can be found at http : / / colingacl98 . iro . umontreal . ca / styles . html the official language of the conference is english . important deadlines - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - submission deadline : april 15 , 1998 notification date : may 15 , 1998 camera ready copy due : june 15 , 1998 program committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nancy belmore concordia university , canada sabine bergler concordia university , canada john esling univ . of victoria , canada eric keller univ . of lausanne , switzerland roland kuhn panasonic technologies , inc . , u . s . a . douglas o'shaughnessy inrs - telecommunications , canada ching y . suen concordia university , canada organizers - - - - - - - - - nancy belmore concordia university , canada sabine bergler concordia university , canada douglas o'shaughnessy inrs - telecommunications , canada registration - - - - - - - - - - - there is a discounted workshop fee for participants of coling / acl . participants who are not registered for coling / acl will have to pay the full workshop fee ( to be announced shortly ) . information - - - - - - - - - - any requests for information should be sent to trans98 @ cs . concordia . ca
  """",0
  2338,""""Subject: coling ws - - computational approaches to semitic languages
   
   workshop on computational approaches to semitic languages coling-acl98 sunday august 16 , 1998 , university of montreal second call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - workshop description although there exists a considerable body of cl research specifically targeted to semitic languages , much of the work to date has been the result of initiatives undertaken by individual researchers or research establishments . a direct consequence is that there is comparatively little awareness amongst practitioners of either the state of the art as practiced outside their own locality , the common challenges faced by all practitioners , or the potential for developing a coordinated approach . the aims of this workshop are therefore : * to provide a forum where current work in a broad range of subfields can be presented , collected and diffused . * to assess the state of the art with a view to identifying promising areas for future collaborative research . * to set up initiatives to explore the possibilities of supporting such research through national and international funding agencies . subtopics areas of interest include ( but are not limited to ) : * educational applications * empirical methods * orthographic represention * language modelling * language resources * lexicon and lexical represention * machine translation * morphology and phonology * multilinguality * syntax , parsing and generation * speech applications workshop programme committee michael rosner , university of malta , malta ( coordinator ) mohamed abd - elsalam , sakr software , egypt ken beesley , xerox research centre europe , france khalid choukri , elra / elda , france yaacov choueka , bar ilan university , israel fathi debili , cnrs-crlao ( paris ) / irmc , tunis mamoun hattab , arabic textware , amman , jordan george kiraz , bell labs , usa chadia moghrabi , univerity of moncton , canada mori rimon , hebrew university , israel sponsor mid - med bank , malta submission requirements deadlines * submission deadline : april 6 , 1998 * notification date : june 1 , 1998 * camera ready copy due : june 22 , 1998 format * electronic submissions only , postscript format . * provide a list of keywords and indicate the best fitting subtopic from the above list . * latex users are encouraged to use the style file provided by acl : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / colaclsub . sty * maximum length is 8 pages including figures and references . * please use a4 or us letter format and set margins so that the text lies within a rectangle of 6 . 5 x 9 inches ( 16 . 5 x 23 cm ) . * use classical fonts such as times roman or computer modern , 11 to 12 points for text , 14 to 16 points for headings and title . * please submit papers to mros @ cs . um . edu . mt . all submissions will be acknowledged . contact michael rosner : mros @ cs . um . edu . mt - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - mike rosner ( mros @ cs . um . edu . mt ) last modified : fri feb 20 15 : 08 : 23 met
  """",0
  2339,""""Subject: computational terminology workshop
   
   ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - final cfp : deadline march 23 , 1998 ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - ~ ! ~ | ~ ! ~ - first workshop on computational terminology computerm ' 98 when : august 15 , 1998 ( immediately following acl / coling-98 ) where : university of montreal , montreal ( quebec , canada ) description the workshop will provide a forum to bring together researchers from the fields of computational linguistics , terminology , automated translation , information retrieval and lexicography who share an interest in computational aspects of terminology processing : acquisition , extraction , indexing , machine-aided thesaurus building , dictionary construction , etc . the aim of the workshop is to stimulate the exchange of innovative ideas and results of diverse aspects of automatic term processing in order to bridge the gap between these fields . topics the topics of the workshop include ( but are not limited to ) : - construction of terminology resources - semi - or automatic acquisition of terms - semi - or automatic acquisition of conceptual knowledge - thesaurus construction and maintenance - use of terminology resources ( term banks , thesauri , specialized lexicons , . . . ) - terms in information retrieval ( stemming , automatic indexing , query expansion , . . . ) - multi - lingual terminological resources for cross-language ir - terminology management in machine-aided translation - terminology and nlp ( parsing , tagging , text understanding , generation , . . . ) - terminology processing for other applications submissions only hard-copy submissions will be accepted . authors should submit six ( 6 ) copies of their full-length paper ( 3500-5000 words ) . submissions should be sent : didier bourigault laboratoire de linguistique informatique universite paris xiii avenue j . - b . clement f-93430 villetaneuse france style files and templates for preparing submissions http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / styles . html the official language of the conference is english . however , papers can also be submitted in french . the final version of the papers will be accompanied by two long abstracts in two different languages . all the presentation at the workshop will be given in english . important deadlines submission deadline : march 23 , 1998 notification date : may 15 , 1998 camera ready copy due : june 15 , 1998 scientific committee khurshid ahmad ( university of surrey , uk ) sophia ananiadou ( manchester metropolitan university , manchester , uk ) peter anick ( digital equipment corporation , usa ) teresa cabre ( university pompeu fabra , barcelone , spain ) ken church ( at&t labs research , usa ) anne condamines ( cnrs , toulouse , france ) bruce croft ( university of massachusetts , usa ) ido dagan ( bar ilan university , israel ) beatrice daille ( irin nantes , france ) pascale fung ( hong kong university of science and technology , hong kong ) eric gaussier ( xerox research centre europe , france ) gregory grefenstette ( xerox research centre europe , france ) stephanie haas ( university of north carolina , usa ) benoit habert ( limsi & ens fontenay - st cloud , france ) ulrich heid ( universitaet stuttgart , stuttgart , germany ) kyo kageura ( nacsis , tokyo , japan ) judith klavans ( columbia univesity , usa ) robert krovetz ( nec research institute , usa ) robert losee ( university of north carolina , usa ) ingrid meyer ( university of ottawa , ottawa , canada ) jian - yun nie ( university of montreal , montreal , canada ) padmini srinivasan ( the university of iowa , usa ) tomek strzalkowski ( general electric company , usa ) evelyne tzoukermann ( bell labs innovations , lucent technologies , usa ) richard wojcik ( boeing company , usa ) pierre zweigenbaum ( ap-hp & universite paris 6 , france ) organizers didier bourigault ( cnrs and universite paris xiii , paris , france ) christian jacquemin ( limsi / cnrs , france ) marie - claude l ' homme ( universite de montreal , montreal , canada ) email contact mailto : db @ lli . univ-paris 13 . fr , christian . jacquemin @ iut-nantes . univ-nantes . fr , lhommem @ ere . umontreal . ca websites computerm worshop : http : / / tornade . ere . umontreal . ca : 80 / ~ lhommem / coling / computerm . html coling-acl ' 98 : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca
  """",0
  2340,""""Subject: terminology & knowledge engineering
   
   first call for papers tke ' 99 communicating into 2000 5th international congress on terminology and knowledge engineering innsbruck ( austria ) 24-28 august 1999 organized by association for terminology and knowledge transfer ( gtw ) international information centre for terminology ( infoterm ) international network for terminology ( termnet ) objectives of the congress on behalf of the association for terminology and knowledge transfer - gesellschaft fur terminologie und wissenstransfer ( gtw ) we are pleased to announce the 5th international congress on terminology and knowledge engineering tke ' 99 which will be held on the campus of the university of innsbruck , austria , between 24-28 august , 1999 . in continuation of the first four tke congresses in trier ( 1987 and 1990 ) , cologne ( 1993 ) and vienna ( 1996 ) , tke ' 99 will address world-wide interests in the interdisciplinary methods of terminology science , information science and computer science . it should furthermore help achieve the """""""" universal availability of information and knowledge """""""" via computerized methods and tools , open new horizons for more efficient applications based upon this integration of methodologies and elicit the interest and participation of experts working in the fields that are gradually drawing nearer from the point of theory and methodology such as - terminology research - knowledge engineering - language engineering - computational philosophy - classification theory - information & documentation - computer - assisted instruction / learning - computerized terminography - specialized translation - technical writing we welcome submission of papers describing substantial , original and unpublished research contributions in these fields . tke ' 99 will be divided into 8 sections concentrating on the following areas of research : 1 . knowledge theory and terminology 2 . knowledge data management 3 . multimedia and terminology 4 . language engineering and terminology 5 . documentation and terminology 6 . world wide web and terminology 7 . multilingualism and terminology 8 . specialist communication and terminology authors will be asked to identify the sections to which their submission corresponds . contributions that do not fall into any of the above areas but are nevertheless relevant to the field are also welcome . the working language of the congress is english . this refers to the written contributions as well as to their oral presentation . authors are asked to provide an abstract ( approx . 2 pages ) of their papers to the programme organizer by 15 october 1998 , at the latest . the title page is to show the title of the paper , the author 's name , address , phone number and fax number , and the section to which he / she is planning to contribute . the abstracts should be sent preferably by e-mail ( peter . sandrini @ uibk . ac . at ) ( a submission form is available on the tke home page : http : / / gtw-org . uibk . ac . at ) or by mail ( 4 copies ) or fax . the abstract then undergoes a reviewing process carried out by the programming committee and the section organizers . by the end of november 1998 the authors will be informed about the acceptance of their papers . then they will have time until february 1999 to submit a full paper in a4 camera-ready format and on floppy disk ( approx . 10 pages for the session papers and 15 pages for the keynotes ) , which will be processed for publication in the proceedings and printed prior to the congress . the proceedings will be available for the participants at the beginning of the congress . workshops / tutorials proposals for workshops and / or tutorials within the framework of the congress are welcomed and should be sent as soon as possible to the programme organizer . please send your submissions to peter sandrini universit \ 228t innsbruck , fischnalerstr . 4 , a-6020 innsbruck tel + 43 512 507 4261 fax + 43 512 507 2966 email peter . sandrini @ uibk . ac . at deadlines abstracts 15 october 1998 reviewing process november 1998 acceptance of the papers december 1998 full papers 15 february 1998deadline for cheaper registration 30 june 1999 congress 24 - 26 august 1999 workshops / tutorials 27 - 28 august 1999 programming committee : gerhard budin , infoterm , vienna ( austria ) m . teresa cabr \ 233 castellv \ 237 , universitat pompeu fabra , barcelona ( spain ) karl - heinz freigang , universitat saarbrucken ( germany ) christian galinski , infoterm , vienna ( austria ) john d . graham , mannesmann - demag , duisburg ( germany ) felix mayer , europaische akademie bozen ( italy ) alan k . melby , brigham young university , provo ( usa ) erhard oeser , universitat wien , vienna ( austria ) heribert picht , handelshajskolen i kobenhavn , copenhagen ( denmark ) m . cecilia plested alvarez , universidad de antioquia ( colombia ) peter sandrini , universitat innsbruch ( austria ) klaus - dirk schmitz , fachhochschule koln , cologne ( germany ) sergey d . shelov , committee for scientific terminology in fundamental research ( russia ) helmi sonneveld , eaft ( netherlands ) sue ellen wright , kent - state - university , ohio ( usa ) we look forward to receiving your submissions .
  """",0
  2341,""""Subject: effects of morphological case - - utrecht univ
   
   second call for papers effects of morphological case workshop to be held at the utrecht institute of linguistics ots , utrecht university , 28-29 august 1998 . organizers : helen de hoop , olaf koeneman , iris mulders , and fred weerman invited speakers : paul kiparsky , joan maling , alec marantz the aim of this workshop is to investigate the effects of morphological case that go beyond its mere phonological characteristics . in the gb model of the eighties , morphological case was considered a spell-out of abstract case . while abstract case is present in all languages , the spell-out is only in a subset . in such a view , the presence of morphological case may help to uncover more abstract features , but in itself it does not have syntactic or semantic effects . this runs counter to observations that the presence / absence of morphological case correlates with the presence / absence of certain syntactic and semantic properties . a case in point is the more or less classical observation that the presence of morphological case is related to the possibility for several types of scrambling . other approaches have been proposed to incorporate ( some of ) these effects of morphological case and the idea that parametric differences should be reducable to morphological properties has been defended with varying success . against this background , the present workshop seeks answers for questions like the following : what is the relation between morphological case and abstract case ? what are the distributional , interpretive and phonological effects of the presence of morphological case ? the aim of this workshop is to bring together theoretical and empirical considerations on the effects of morphological case . issues for discussion involve the implications of morphological case for abstract case theory , the difference between structural and inherent case , agreement , word order phenomena , grammaticalization processes , discourse theory , and semantics . we welcome contributions relating to all aspects of linguistics . in particular we are interested in comparative , diachronic and acquisitional evidence that shows that relations between morphological case and other aspects of the grammar do ( not ) exist . the program will include three invited lectures of experts on the topic of morphological case . the provisional titles are as follows : paul kiparsky ( stanford ) : ` cases as complementizers ' joan maling ( brandeis ) : ` morphological case is not ( always ) to blame ! ' alec marantz ( mit ) : ` in defense of """""""" spell-out """""""" : why morphological case should indeed have only an indirect reflective relation to the syntax ' the workshop has room for 13 selected talks of 35 minutes . authors should submit 5 copies of an anonymous abstract of no more than 2 pages , one camera-ready copy indicating the author 's name and a 3x5 """""""" card with the author 's name , address , affiliation , e-mail address , phone number , and the title of the paper . we hope to be able to ( partially ) reimburse all speakers . please send your abstracts to : workshop on morphological case utrecht institute of linguistics ots trans 10 3512 jk utrecht the netherlands the deadline for submission is april 1 , 1998 . authors will be notified of acceptance by may 15 . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * olaf koeneman * * utrecht institute of linguistics ots * * trans 10 ( room 2 . 20 ) , 3512 jk utrecht * * tel . + 31 30 253 8304 * * email : koeneman @ let . ruu . nl * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  2342,""""Subject: scil 10 : final call for papers
   
   final call for papers submission deadline : friday march 13 . student conference in linguistics 10 special theme : linguistics in cognitive science keynote speaker : lila gleitman june 6 - 7 , 1998 northwestern university the 10th annual student conference in linguistics will be held at northwestern university in june 1998 . scil is a student-run conference run which aims to bring together graduate students from around the world to present their research and build connections with other students . we invite original , unpublished work in any area of linguistics . we would particularly like to encourage submissions which border other disciplines , in keeping with the conference theme . this includes , but is not limited to , psycholinguistics , computational linguistics , anthropological linguistics , speech perception and language acquisition . further information is available at http : / / www . ling . nwu . edu / ~ scil queries should be directed to scil @ ling . nwu . edu
  """",0
  2343,""""Subject: syntax of east asian languages workshop
   
   usc workshop on syntax of east asian languages november 6 - 8 , 1998 this workshop is an attempt to intergrate the diachronic and synchronic study of chinese , japanese and korean syntax , concentrating on the issues of the structures and interpretations of nominal expressions and the syntax and morphology of function words . the list of invited speakers currently includes : james huang ( university of california , irvine ) yafei li ( university of wisconsin ) tsulin mei ( cornell university ) alain peyraube ( crlao , ehess ) naoki fukui ( university of california , irvine ) satoshi kinsui ( osaka university ) s . - y . kuroda ( tohoku university ) yukinori takubo ( kinsiu university ) hidon ahn ( kon kuk university ) william o'grady ( university of hawaii ) james yoon ( seoul national university , university of illinois ) there is a limited number of open slots available and we invite the submission of abstracts . each presentation will be 40 minutes , followed by 15 minutes of discussion . it is planned that the proceedings of the workshop will be published . please send to the organizing committee no later than june 1 , 1998 one copy of your abstract with your name and affliliation , plus five anonymous copies . abstracts should be limited to two pages with the font size not smaller than 11 . we cannot accept abstracts sent by email or fax . the presenters at the workshop will be partially subsidized for travel and accommodation . all submissions should be sent to : usc workshop organizing committee department of east asian languages and cultures univ . of southern california los angeles , ca 90089-0357 u . s . a . for further inquiries , please write to : hoji @ usc . edu , nkim @ usc . edu , audreyli @ usc . edu .
  """",0
  2344,""""Subject: evolution of language conference
   
   ( apologies for multiple postings ) * * * * * * * * the evolution of language * * * * * * * * 2nd international conference date : monday 6th - thursday 9th april , 1998 venue : city university , london organised by : prof . jean aitchison ( oxford university ) , prof . james hurford ( university of edinburgh ) and dr . chris knight ( university of east london ) a preliminary programme for this conference is now available . further details and a registration form can be obtained from : joan tremble uel business services duncan house high street london e15 2jb tel . 0181 2150705 fax : 0181 849 3619 email : j . tremble @ uel . ac . uk or from our website at : http : / / www . uel . ac . uk / faculties / socsci / anthro / confreg . htm preliminary programme monday 6th april 2pm - 6pm - plenary session 2pm opening remarks 2 . 10 jean aitchison ' language origins and ( psycho - ) linguistic theories ' 2 . 40 colin renfrew ' small talk , or why was the ` human revolution ' so impressive ' 3 . 10 mark pagel ' the history , rate and pattern of world linguistic evolution ' 3 . 40 tea / coffee break 4 . 10 terrence deacon ' constraints on brain-language co-evolution ' 4 . 40 derek bickerton ' protolanguage to language : the rest of the story ' 5 . 10 robert berwick ' evolution and language acquisition : from ` classical ' to ` modern ' models of evolutionary innovation ' 5 . 40 general discussion tuesday 7th april 9am - 1pm - parallel session room one 9am heidi lyn saffer & e . sue savage-rumbaugh ' observational word learning in bonobos ( pan paniscus ) ' 9 . 25 michael beran , e . sue savage-rumbaugh & karen brakke ' language comprehension in three chimpanzees ( pan troglodytes ) : effect of rearing on level of comprehension ' 9 . 50 robert worden ' words , memes and language evolution ' 10 . 15 paul bloom ' the evolution of words ' 10 . 40 tea / coffee break 11 . 05 william abler ' algebraic syntax ' 11 . 30 ezequiel di paolo ' spatio - temporal and structural constraints in the evolution of communication ' 11 . 55 angelo cangelosi & stevan harnad ' adaptive advantages of ` hearsay ' over direct sensorimotor experiences ' 12 . 20 general discussion tuesday 7th april 9am - 1pm - parallel session room two 9am peter macneilage & barbara davis ' evolution of speech : the relation between ontogeny and phylogeny ' 9 . 25 marilyn may vihman & rory de paolis ' the role of mimesis in infant language development : evidence for phylogeny ? ' 9 . 50 luc steels ' the origins of linguistic categories ' 10 . 15 tea / coffee break 10 . 40 john batali ' the negotiation and acquisition of recursive grammars as a result of competition among exemplars ' 11 . 05 simon kirby ' how compositionality emerges from vocabulary in a population of learners ' 11 . 30 james hurford ' syntax creation from randomness ' 11 . 55 ted briscoe ' how natural is natural language ? human languages as complex adaptive systems ' 12 . 20 general discussion tuesday 7th april 2pm - 5pm - parallel session room one 2pm dean falk ' proto - music and proto-language in australopithecines and beyond ' 2 . 25 james steele ' right - shifted handedness frequencies : a marker of selection for proto-language abilities ? ' 2 . 50 tim crow ' did homo sapiens speciate ( and language originate ) on the y chromosome ? ' 3 . 15 tea / coffee break 3 . 40 myrna gopnik ' language evolution = rules and representations ' 4 . 05 heather k . j . van der lely ' evidence for a grammar specific deficit in children : implications for the biological evolution of language ' 4 . 30 general discussion 5 . 00 poster presentations tuesday 7th april 2pm - 5pm - parallel session room two 2pm peter gardenfors & simon winter ' evolving social constraints on individual conceptual relations ' 2 . 25 alison wray ' holistic utterances : the common link from primates to humans ' 2 . 50 tea / coffee break 3 . 15 jason noble ' the evolution of communication with and without conflicts of interest ; an argument for modelling proto-proto - language ' 3 . 40 edward kako ' reconstructing proto-language from the capacities of language-trained animals ' 4 . 05 gwen hewitt & ann maclarnon ' respiratory adaptations : protolanguage and fission-fusion groups ' 4 . 30 general discussion 5 . 00 poster presentations wednesday 8th april 9am - 1pm - parallel session room one 9am steven mithen ' thought , language and the manufacture of hand-axes ' 9 . 25 alexander marshack ' coevolution of the language and visual capacities : the archaeological and cognitive evidence ' 9 . 50 daniel dor , eva jablonka , shimona ginzberg & geva rechav ' linguistic meaning , linguistic sound , and the mechanism of genetic assimilation : towards an explicit model of the evolution of language ' 10 . 15 tea / coffee break 10 . 40 paul vogt ' the evolution of a lexicon and meaning in robotic agents through self-organizing adaptation ' 11 . 05 mike oliphant ' rethinking the language bottleneck : why do n't animals learn to communicate ? ' 11 . 30 geoffrey miller & peter todd ' evolution of vocabulary size through runaway sexual selection : theory , data and simulations ' 11 . 55 john locke ' rank , reciprocity and relationships in the evolution of language ' 12 . 20 general discussion wednesday 8th april 9am - 1pm - parallel session room two 9am jeffrey laitman , samuel marquez & joy reidenberg ' new insights from neanderthal craniofacial biology and implications for understanding their vocal abilities and speech ' 9 . 25 philip lieberman ' on the functional language system of the human brain ' 9 . 50 lynne schepartz ' the evolution of complex language from a darwinian perspective ' 10 . 15 ian maddieson ' vowel systems and language origin ' 10 . 40 tea / coffee break 11 . 05 michael studdert-kennedy ' implications of the particulate principle for the evolution of language ' 11 . 30 tecumseh fitch ' vocal tract anatomy , formants and the evolution of speech ' 11 . 55 rene carre ' the origin of speech gestures ' 12 . 20 general discussion wednesday 8th april 2pm - 5pm - parallel session room one 2pm jean louis dessalles ' linguistic relevance in hominidae politics 2 . 25 robert kluender ' getting from there to here : the intermediating role of ritual in the evolution of language ' 2 . 50 chris knight ' ritual and the evolution of syntactical speech ' 3 . 15 tea / coffee break 3 . 40 robin dunbar ' the freerider problem and the evolution of language ' 4 . 05 camilla power ' secret language in contexts of female initiation ritual ' 4 . 30 general discussion 5 . 00 poster presentations wednesday 8th april 2pm - 5pm - parallel session room two 2pm april mcmahon ' the evolution of phonological constraints ' 2 . 25 jan anward & bjorn lindblom ' morphogenesis : the systemic growth of linguistic form ' 2 . 50 tea / coffee break 3 . 15 andrew carstairs-mccarthy ' the distinction between sentences and noun phrases : an impediment to language evolution ? ' 3 . 40 bart de boer ' emergence of sound systems through self-organisation ' 4 . 05 daniel livingstone & colin fyfe ' a computational model of language-physiology coevolution ' 4 . 30 ann maclarnon & gwen hewitt ' protolanguage to language : evidence from the evolution of breathing control ' 5 . 00 general discussion thursday 9th april 9am - 1pm - plenary session 9am frederick newmeyer ' on the reconstruction of ' proto-world ' word order ' 9 . 30 david lightfoot ' the maladaptiveness of universal grammar ' 10 . 00 michael fortescue ' linguistic bottlenecks and early population movements ' 10 . 30 tea / coffee break 11 . 00 robbins burling ' comprehension and production in early language ' 11 . 30 luca cavalli-sforza ' a view of the relationships between genetics and linguistics ' 12 . 00 general discussion 12 . 30 concluding remarks ( the organisers reserve the right to make changes to the programme at any time )
  """",0
  2345,""""Subject: granada workshop
   
   adapting lexical and corpus resources to sublanguages and applications a workshop to be held at the first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 26 may 1998 the workshop will provide a forum for those researchers involved in the development of methods to integrate corpora and mrds , with the aim of adding adaptive capabilities to existing linguistic resources . organisers : roberto basili ( university of roma """""""" tor vergata """""""" ) , roberta catizone ( university of sheffield ) , maria teresa pazienza ( university of roma """""""" tor vergata """""""" ) , paola velardi ( university of roma """""""" la sapienza ) , yorick wilks ( university of sheffield ) workshop scope and aims lexicons , i . e . , those components of a nlp system that contain """""""" computable """""""" information about words , cannot be considered as static objects . words may behave very differently in different domains , and there are language phenomena that do not generalize across sublanguages . lexicons are a snapshot of a given stage of development of a language , normally provided without support for adaptation changes , whether caused by language creativity and development or the shift to such a previously unencountered domain . the divergence of corpus usages from lexical norms has been studied computationally at least since the late sixties , but only recently has the availability of large on-line corpora made it possible to establish methods to cope systematically with this problem . an emerging branch of research is now involved in studies and experiments on corpus-driven linguistics , with the aim of complementing and extending earlier work on lexicon acquisition based on machine readable dictionaries ( mrd ) : data are extracted from texts , as embodiments of language in use , so as to capture lexical regularities and to code them into operational forms . the purpose of this workshop will be to provide an updated snapshot of current work in the area , and promote discussion of how to make progress . central topics will be ( though this list is in no way exclusive ) : * corpus-driven tuning of mrds to optimize domain-specific inferences , * terminology and jargon acquisition , * sense extensions , * acquisition of preference or subcategorization information from corpora * taxonomy adaptation , * statistical weighting of senses etc . to domains * use of mrds to provide explanations of linguistic phenomena in corpora * what is the scope of """""""" lexical tuning """""""" * the evaluation of lexical tuning as a separate task , or as part of a more generic task program committee yorick wilks university of sheffield roberta catizone university of sheffield paola velardi university of roma """""""" la sapienza """""""" maria teresa pazienza university of roma """""""" tor vergata """""""" roberto basili university of roma """""""" tor vergata """""""" bran boguraev brandeis university sergei nirenburg new mexico state university james pustejowsky brandeis university ralph grishman new york university christiane fellbaum princeton university paper submission formatting guidelines : papers should not exceed 4000 words or 10 pages . hard copies : three hard copies should be sent to : paola velardi dipartimento di scienza dell ' informazione via salaria 113 00198 roma italy electronic submission : electronic submission will be allowed in poscript or word per mac or rtf . an ftp site will be available on demand . authors should send an info email to paola velardi ( velardi @ dsi . uniroma1 . it ) even if they submit in paper form . an electronic submission should be accompanied by a plain ascii text . # name : name of first author # title : title of the paper # pages : number of pages # files : name of file ( if also submitted electronically ) # note : anything you 'd like to add # keys : keywords # email : email of the first author # abstr : abstract of the paper # . . . . . . important dates paper submission deadline ( hard copy / electronic ) february 20 paper notification march 20 camera - ready papers due april 15 l&ct workshop may 26 conference information general information about the conference is at : < http : / / www . icp . inpg . fr / elra / conflre . html > specific queries about the conference should be directed to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain tel : + 34 58 24 41 00 - fax : + 34 58 24 41 04 reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es
  """",0
  2346,""""Subject: colloquium henry sweet society
   
   the henry sweet society for the history of linguistic ideas amsterdam colloquium , 16 - 19 september , 1998 first circular and final call for papers the first of the annual colloquia for the henry sweet colloquium henry sweet society for the history of linguistic ideas to be held abroad is to take place in amsterdam in 1998 . location : we are pleased to announce that our planning is up and running and that arrangements have been made for the colloquium lectures as well as the associated meals and receptions to take place in the centre of amsterdam . costs : the cost of the colloquium , including meals , a conference dinner and receptions , but excluding accommodation , will be of the order of nlg 380 ( qgbp 130 ) . accommodation : amsterdam is a major city with hotel prices to match so , in order to keep costs within bounds , we have booked a number of rooms at the casa 400 hotel at nlg 132 ( qgbp 45 ) bed and breakfast per person per night . shared occupancy is available at the rate of nlg 176 ( qgbp 80 ) per room . the casa 400 is an unpretentious hotel some 20 minutes from the centre using public transport . if asked , we will provide information for those who wish to book their hotels independently . second circular : the second circular will be sent out around april 1998 and will carry a provisional programme and fuller details of arrangements for the colloquium . meanwhile it would be very helpful if you could fill in and return the following slip ( or send an emended e-mail reply ) to the address below , or to any one of the organising committee : els elffers - van ketel . jaap maat , jan noordegraaf , els ruijsendaal , robin smith . last call for papers : those who wish to present a paper at the colloquium are reminded that the deadline for abstracts is 5 february , 1998 . your 300 - word abstract for a 20 minute paper on any aspect of the history of linguistics should be sent to dr robin smith vakgroep engels rijksuniversiteit leiden postbus 9515 2300 ra leiden the netherlands tel : 071 5272151 ; fax : 071 5272149 e-mail : rdsmith @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl on behalf of the organisers , all best wishes , name ( title ) : address : e-mail : fax : _ _ hopes to read a paper _ _ hopes to attend the colloquium _ _ intends to stay at the conference hotel _ _ will make his or her own accommodation arrangements
  """",0
  2347,""""Subject: mla ' 98 ( applied linguistics division )
   
   call for papers modern language association 1998 convention division on applied linguistics san francisco , california 27-30 december 1998 the division on applied linguistics is sponsoring three separate sessions . session 1 : second language fluency : definitions and issues while reference to """""""" l2 fluency """""""" is common , informed discussion about its definition , measurement and acquisition is rare . this session explores both theoretical issues and research on l2 fluency in speech , reading or writing . session 2 : technology in second language learning : what does research tell us ? this session explores the consequences of using computer technology in language instruction . papers should report on original research or make connections between research , theory , and teaching practice . session 3 : emotion and language : implications for language learning this session presents recent research on the relationship between affect and language learning . papers should report on original research or make connections between research , theory , and teaching practice . one - page blind abstracts accompanied by a card with the presenter 's name , address , telephone number , fax number , and e-mail address should be sent to : richard kern dept . of french university of california , berkeley berkeley , ca 94720-2580 fax ( 510 ) 642-2194 e-mail : kernrg @ uclink . berkeley . edu deadline for receipt of abstracts : march 2 , 1998 faxed and e-mail submissions will be accepted but should be followed up by a hard-copy submission .
  """",0
  2348,""""Subject: rmmla / ads
   
   * * * * * * * * papers solicited for the 1998 rmmla conference * * * * * * * * * conjoint meeting : american dialect society : session chair , simonie hodges georgetown university 2525 farmcrest dr . # 328 herndon , va 20171 usa this session showcases papers on various aspects of american dialects . examples of previous paper topics include : dialects of utah , the use of formal and informal pronouns """""""" you """""""" in spanish speaking cities , jamaican english in historical plays , and sweet carbonated beverage isoglosses in the u . s . we hope that you will propose a paper for the 1998 rmmla ( rocky mountain modern language association ) conference in salt lake city . please address your proposal to the chair of the appropriate session . proposals based on a 300 - word abstract are due to the session chair no later than 15 february 1998 . these proposals must be sent on paper and on 3 . 5 """""""" disk ( preferably ibm - compatible format ) . if you would like the disk returned to you , please enclose a stamped , self - addressed envelope . you will be notified of the chair 's decision by 15 march 1998 . complete versions of accepted papers are due to the chair by 15 august ( paper and disk copy ) . visit the rmmla website at rmmla . wsu . edu / rmmla / callforpapers / call973 . asp for more details on the other topics at the conference . - guidelines for papers and presenters at the rmmla conference - - we would appreciate your following a few rmmla rules regarding papers presented at our conference . rmmla is an organization for its members . you must be a member in good standing to present a paper . your membership must be current by 1 april 1998 to have your name appear in the program . you may not read papers in more than one session . it is courteous to notify the chair if you submit to more than one session . if you have two papers accepted , please decide which you will give , and notify both chairs , as well as the rmmla secretariat . if we discover the duplication and are not able to reach you , we will have to choose for you . members who propose papers are expected to attend the convention to read at the scheduled time . no more than two members of the same institution may appear on any panel . no one 's name may appear on the program more than twice ( i . e . as a chair and a presenter ; appearance as a secretary is not considered ) . please notify the chair and the rmmla secretariat immediately if you find you are unable to present . it is the policy of the rmmla not to have papers read in absentia . ( nb : rmmla due dates represent dates for receipt . please allow adequate time when mailing overseas or to distant addresses . ) proposals for papers for the 1998 convention are due to the chairs no later than 15 february 1998 , because chairs must have the program copy for their sessions in the hands of the executive director by 1 march 1998 . this timeline is critical for setting and finalizing the program . thank you in advance for your cooperation .
  """",0
  2349,""""Subject: east asian syntax workshop : revised
   
   usc workshop on syntax of east asian languages november 6 - 8 , 1998 this workshop is an attempt to intergrate the diachronic and synchronic study of chinese , japanese and korean syntax , concentrating on the issues of the structures and interpretations of nominal expressions and the syntax and morphology of function words . the list of invited speakers currently includes : james huang ( university of california , irvine ) yafei li ( university of wisconsin ) tsulin mei ( cornell university ) alain peyraube ( crlao , ehess ) naoki fukui ( university of california , irvine ) satoshi kinsui ( kobe university and osaka university ) s . - y . kuroda ( tohoku university ) yukinori takubo ( kyusyu university ) hee - don ahn ( kon kuk university ) william o'grady ( university of hawaii ) james yoon ( seoul national university , university of illinois ) there is a limited number of open slots available and we invite the submission of abstracts . each presentation will be 40 minutes , followed by 15 minutes of discussion . it is planned that the proceedings of the workshop will be published . please send to the organizing committee no later than june 1 , 1998 one copy of your abstract with your name and affliliation , plus five anonymous copies . abstracts should be limited to two pages with the font size not smaller than 11 . we cannot accept abstracts sent by email or fax . the presenters at the workshop will be partially subsidized for travel and accommodation . all submissions should be sent to : usc workshop organizing committee department of east asian languages and cultures university of southern california los angeles , ca 90089-0357 usa for further inquiries , please write to : hoji @ usc . edu , nkim @ usc . edu , audreyli @ usc . edu .
  """",0
  2350,""""Subject: comparative slavic morphosyntax
   
   greetings ! two new position papers have been posted to the www page for the comparative slavic morphosyntax www page ( url below ) : leonard h . babby , """""""" voice and diathesis in slavic """""""" ; steven franks , """""""" clitics in slavic """""""" . one paper remains to be posted ; we expect to have it up within the week . to mark the posting of these new position papers , we enclose below a second call for papers . 2nd call for papers indiana university invites you to submit abstracts to a workshop ( funded by the u . s . department of education ) on comparative slavic morphosyntax the workshop will be held at canyon inn , in mccormick 's creek state park , spencer , indiana ( near bloomington ) on friday - sunday 5 - 7 june 1998 . papers are solicited in response to five invited """""""" position papers """""""" : leonard babby : """""""" voice and diathesis in slavic """""""" zeljko boskovic : """""""" wh - phrases and wh-movement in slavic """""""" greville corbett : """""""" agreement in slavic """""""" steven franks : """""""" clitics in slavic """""""" gilbert rappaport : """""""" noun phrases in slavic """""""" ( not yet posted to www page ) these position papers are intended to summarize the variation in data across the slavic languages , define the """""""" state of the art """""""" in existing analysis for each area , communicate innovations and on-going research , and identify an agenda for future investigation . as such , they are meant to serve as springboards for discussion , rebuttal , response , and debate . this call for papers solicits responses in two categories : 10 minute presentations ( + 5 minute discussion ) or 20 minutes ( + 10 minute discussion ) . you may respond to one or several position papers , but must submit an advance abstract for each response ; there is no set limit on the number of responses which may be accepted from any one individual . the position papers can be downloaded via the internet in platform-independent . pdf and . ps formats from : < http : / / www . indiana . edu / ~ slavconf / linguistics / index . html > if you cannot download or use electronic versions of the position papers , you may request a printed copy of any of the papers from the address below . however , however , in view of our limited budget and staff resources , we urge you to utilize the electronic versions if possible ( please use adobe acrobat reader 3 . 0 . x , which may be downloaded free of charge from < http : / / www . adobe . com / > ) . proposals for reponses may be submitted to the address below . abstracts should be no more than one page , including examples and references . include your name and affiliation directly on the abstract , and please attach a card with your name , address , e-mail , phone , title , and position paper to which you are responding . also , please send 4 copies and indicate the length category for your response . we will also accept submissions via email to < slavconf @ indiana . edu > or fax ( to 1-812 - 855-2107 ) . paper submission is preferable , however , as these abstracts will be used as camera-ready copy in making the abstract book for the workshop . deadline for receipt of abstracts : 24 april 1998 a volume of proceedings will be published by slavica publishers . all requests for information , inquiries about position papers , and abstracts should be sent to : george fowler [ email ] gfowler @ indiana . edu dept . of slavic languages [ dept . tel . ] 1-812 - 855-9906 / - 2608 / - 2624 ballantine 502 [ dept . fax ] 1-812 - 855-2107 indiana university [ home phone / fax ] 1-317 - 726-1482 / - 1642 bloomington , in 47405-6616 usa [ slavica phone / fax ] 1-812 - 856-4186 / - 4187
  """",0
  2351,""""Subject: icoll conference - - texas a&m university
   
   """""""" negotiating boundaries """""""" 18 & 19 september 1998 texas a&m university call for papers the english graduate student association of texas a&m university announces its interdisciplinary conference on language and literature . you are invited to submit creative writing and abstracts ( 500 words ) addressing any aspect of the conference 's theme , """""""" negotiating boundaries . """""""" panel proposals are also encouraged and should include the panel 's title , participants ' names , and abstracts . all approaches in the humanities are welcome . possible topics might include but are certainly not limited to : * negotiating boundaries of region , race , class , gender , and / or sexuality * writing from the margin ; writing from the center * passing - - race and / or gender * cross - dressing * fin - de-siecle literature and culture ( any century ) * constructions of """""""" high , """""""" """""""" middlebrow , """""""" and """""""" low """""""" culture * negotiating boundaries in the visual and performing arts * literary genres ( the novel , poetry , auto / biography , etc . ) * mixing literary genres / writing about literary genres * constructing authorial identities * children 's literature * creative writing submissions * negotiating boundaries between academic disciplines * literary , theoretical , historical , sociological , anthropological , * philosophical , and / or psychological perspectives on negotiating boundaries the following topics are being sponsored by the discourse - oriented student society ( doss ) of texas a&m . if your submission relates to any of these topics , please write """""""" doss """""""" on your abstract or panel proposal . * graduate student / teacher - - negotiating boundaries in academia and in the classroom * boundaries in functional linguistics and discourse analysis * interstices in classical and modern rhetoric * boundaries within technical writing conference date and location : 18-19 september 1998 texas a&m university deadline for submissions : postmarked by friday , 29 may 1998 please address submissions to : claire carly dept . of english texas a&m university college station , tx 77843-4227 for more information , please contact claire carly at : cic1692 @ unix . tamu . edu or visit our website at : http : / / www-english . tamu . edu / egsa / icoll /
  """",0
  2352,""""Subject: workshop on embodied conversational characters
   
   the first workshop on embodied conversational characters granlibakken resort & conference center at lake tahoe tahoe city ( north shore ) california , usa october 12-15 , 1998 with the support of aaai cooperation of acm / sigchi call for papers recent advances in several core software technologies have made possible a new type of human-computer interface : the conversational character . conversational characters are autonomous , anthropomorphic , animated figures that have the ability to communicate through multiple modalities , including spoken language , facial expressions , and gestures . unlike textual natural language interfaces , conversational characters have the ability to perceive and produce the verbal and non-verbal signals that identify discourse structure and regulate the flow of information between interlocutors . such signals include intonational patterns , gestures , back-channel feedback signals , and turn-taking protocols . these capabilities enable them to engage in complex interactions with human users via natural speech rather than complex command languages , menus or graphical manipulations . research on conversational characters has emerged from a number of disciplines , including , among others , artificial intelligence , computational linguistics , computer animation , computer vision , psychology , cognitive science , virtual reality , cscw , and hci . this diversity is naturally reflected in the broad range of active research areas in conversational character interfaces . the primary goal of this workshop is to advance the state of conversational character research and development by identifying novel approaches to the topics and issues listed below , and integrating them into a framework for embodied , conversational human-computer interaction . selected contributors will be invited to expand and refine their papers for inclusion in a book to be published by addison - wesley . the aims of this book will be to introduce , define , and advance the field ; to give a snapshot of current work in it ; and to suggest future challenges and opportunities . particular topics of interest include , but are not limited to : * multi - modal interaction * autonomy * recognition & perception of speech , * behavior / dialogue planning gesture , facial expressions , etc . * distribution of semantic information * reactivity and opportunism across multiple modalities * rendering techniques * representation * semantic representations for * character individuation non-verbal communication * dialogue planning * affect and personality * turn - taking and back-channel signals * user studies * spoken language processing * tools for character * discourse structure building / authoring * intonation * architectures & applications papers should address one or more of these topics . demonstrations and video presentations of working systems are strongly encouraged . format the two and a half-day workshop will include several paper sessions , organized around emerging themes , with follow-up panel discussions . in addition , there will be a demonstration session for authors to present working systems . attendance attendance will be limited to 35-40 people . preference will be given to authors whose papers have been selected for presentation at the workshop . submission requirements paper submissions are due on june 15 , 1998 , and should be no longer than 6 pages ( 10-12 point font ) . upon acceptance , authors will be given the opportunity to expand their papers to 8-10 pages . electronic submissions in postscript or microsoft word formats are preferred , and should be sent to prevost @ pal . xerox . com . otherwise , send four hardcopies to : scott prevost attn : embodied conversational characters workshop fx palo alto laboratory 3400 hillview avenue , bldg . 4 palo alto , ca 94304 voice : 650 / 813-7701 deadlines submissions due june 15th notification of acceptance august 17th final papers due september 14th workshop october 12th - 15th workshop organizers joseph w . sullivan , fx palo alto lab , usa ( sullivan @ pal . xerox . com ) justine cassell , mit media laboratory , usa ( justine @ media . mit . edu ) workshop program committee committee co - chairs : scott prevost , fx palo alto lab , usa ( prevost @ pal . xerox . com ) elizabeth churchill , fx palo alto lab , usa ( churchill @ pal . xerox . com ) committee members : elisabeth andre , dfki gmbh , germany ( elisabeth . andre @ dfki . de ) gene ball , microsoft research , usa ( geneb @ microsoft . com ) phil cohen , oregon graduate institute , usa ( pcohen @ cse . ogi . edu ) barbara hayes - roth , stanford univ . , usa ( hayes-roth @ cs . stanford . edu ) kenji mase , atr international , japan ( mase @ mic . atr . co . jp ) clifford nass , stanford university , usa ( nass @ leland . stanford . edu ) mark steedman , university of pennsylvania , usa ( steedman @ cis . upenn . edu ) kris thorisson , lego a / s , denmark ( kris @ digi . lego . com ) demos chair : timothy bickmore , isii inc . , usa ( bickmore @ pal . xerox . com ) additional information for more information , please consult the workshop web page : www . fxpal . com / wecc98 /
  """",0
  2353,""""Subject: lrec workshop
   
   call for participation a workshop on minimizing the effort for language resource acquisition granada , spain , 26 may , 1998 in conjunction with the first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 28-30 , may 1998 an applied nlp system must produce adequate results and must be made deployable within reasonable time . gathering and acquiring language resources to build an application system is very time-consuming , and it is imperative to find ways of speeding up acquisition of high quality , useful static knowledge sources such as a variety of grammars , lexicons , corpora , etc . viability of avoiding masive resource acquisition , if possible , must also be carefully considered . resource acquisition should include methods , based both on sound theoretical principles and practical experience , of deciding , among other things , on the amount of knowledge one * really * needs for a given application . increasing the size of knowledge sources or their number and variety does not necessarily lead to a commensurate improvement of output quality in an application , though a correlation between the two certainly exists , but it definitely needs to much increased costs . no matter how large the acquired resources are and how many of them have been acquired , there will always remain a residue of language processing problems which can be tackled only by foregoing the requirement of full automation and involving expensive semi-automatic or even manual acquisition . it becomes imperative , therefore , to assess when the static knowledge source acquisition is no longer profitable . thus , in a system for interactive authoring and automatic generation of patent claim texts , the lexical knowledge base can be restricted to a lexicon of domain-related verbs marked for subcategorization ( as the nominals are provided interactively by the author ) . the proposed workshop will be devoted to any technological and administrative facet of economy of acquisition effort . the technological issues to be discussed at the conference include , but are not limited to : - minimization of effort in acquiring monolingual and multilingual text corpora ; - minimization of effort in acquiring computational lexicons , including phonological , morphological , syntactic , semantic and other ( including application-specific ) information ; - minimization of effort in acquisition of resources for the support of corpus-based language engineering methods ; - minimization of effort in acquiring grammatical coverage of languages and sublanguages ; - methods of determining levels of reusability of existing language resources ; - balancing the needs of the application and the grain size of language description ; - minimization of effort through balancing automatic and interactive methods of knowledge acquisition ; - evaluation of potential utility of resources to applications ; we particularly encourage reports about actual practical large-scale resource acquisition efforts in which economy of effort has been a conscious choice . organizing committee : svetlana sheremetyeva , nmsu crl , usa ( chair ) eduard hovy , usc isi , usa bernardo magnini , irst , italy sergei nirenburg , nmsu crl , usa victor raskin , purdue university , usa frederique segonde , xerox research centre europe , france leo wanner , university of stuttgart , germany submission of papers papers should not exceed 4000 words or 10 pages . presentations will be selected on the basis of a review of papers and project reports . submission mode each submission should include a title page containing the title , author ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , submitting author 's mailing address , telephone number , fax number and e-mail address . the authors may submit three hard copies or submit electronically in postscript form to : svetlana sheremetyeva computing research laboratory new mexico state university , usa box30001 / dept . 3crl / las cruces new mexico 88003-8001 lana @ crl . nmsu . edu receipt of submissions will be acknowledged . important dates thursday , february 19 , 1998 submissions due monday , march , 16 1998 acceptances and rejections friday , april 10 1998 final papers due tuesday , may 26 , 1998 workshop date registration for the workshop will be : 10 , 000 pesetas for those not attending lrec 5 , 000 pesetas for those attending lrec these fees will include a coffee break and the proceedings of the workshop . participation in the workshop will be limited by the venue . requests for participation will be processed on the first come first served basis .
  """",0
  2354,""""Subject: 6th workshop on very large corpora
   
   call for papers sixth workshop on very large corpora when : august 15-16 , 1998 ( immediately following acl / coling-98 ) where : university of montreal , montreal , quebec , canada workshop description : as in past years , the workshop will offer a general forum for new research in corpus-based and statistical natural language processing . areas of interest include ( but are not limited to ) : - robust parsing , phrase structure analysis - part of speech tagging - term and name identification - word sense disambiguation - morphological analysis - anaphora resolution - event categorization - discourse structure identification - alignment of parallel texts and bilingual terminology - language modelling - lexicography - machine translation - spelling and grammar correction program chair : eugene charniak brown university program committee : steven abney lillian lee eric brill christopher manning ted briscoe dan melamed rebecca bruce scott miller claire cardie raymond mooney bob carpenter james pustejovksy glen carroll lance ramshaw ken church adwait rathnaparkhi michael collins ellen riloff joshua goodman hinrich schutze vasilis hatzivassiloglou ralph weischedel mark johnson janyce wiebe andrew kehler dekai wu john lafferty david yarowsky sponsor : sigdat ( acl 's special interest group for linguistic data and corpus-based approaches to nlp ) web sites : coling-acl ' 98 - http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / format for submission : only hard-copy submissions will be accepted . authors should submit six ( 6 ) copies of their full-length paper ( 3500-8000 words ) to eugene charniak at the johns hopkins university address below . papers should describe original work . a paper accepted for presentation cannot be presented or have been presented at any other meeting . papers submitted to other conferences will be considered , as long as this fact is clearly indicated in the submission . schedule : submission deadline : april 20 , 1998 notification date : june 1 , 1998 camera ready copy due : june 22 , 1998 contact : eugene charniak e-mail ec @ cs . brown . edu address : before february 1 , 1998 and after june 1 , 1998 department of computer science brown university providence ri 02912-1910 address : from february 1 , 1998 until june 1 , 1998 department of computer science johns hopkins university neb 224 , 3400 n . charles street baltimore , md 21218-2694
  """",0
  2355,""""Subject: convergence / divergence of dialects
   
   european science foundation the convergence and divergence of dialects in a changing europe university of reading , 17-19 september , 1998 a reminder : closing dates for abstracts 16th march 1998 ! the final conference of the european science foundation network on the convergence and divergence of dialects in a changing europe will take place at the university of reading , england , on 17-19 september , 1998 . it will include invited lectures by gaetano berruto ( turin ) , william labov ( pennsylvania ) and peter trudgill ( lausanne ) , as well as lectures by members of the network . papers for this event are welcome from everyone working in the area of dialect convergence and divergence in europe , both from a diachronic and a synchronic perspective , using qualitative or quantitative methodology . contributions on the smaller languages of europe are particularly welcome , as are papers on syntax , prosody and discourse . for further details , see previous postings or see the following website : http : / / www . linguistics . reading . ac . uk / research / seminars / dialect / - or email paul kerswill on p . e . kerswill @ reading . ac . uk .
  """",0
  2356,""""Subject: kansas working papers in linguistics
   
   call for papers kansas working papers in linguistics number 1 : general linguistics number 2 : studies in native american languages deadline : march 30 , 1998 ( deadline may be negotiable ) the editors of kansas working papers in linguistics will produce two numbers of volume 23 , for 1998 . we welcome submissions of papers on all topics in the field of linguistics and closely-related disciplines for number 1 . papers dealing with native lang uages of the americas will be selected for number 2 . since we are a working paper , publication in kwpl does not preclude later publication elsewhere of revised versions of papers . submissions should be in good readable form ( double or 1 . 5 spaced ) , not n ecessarily final copies . if possible , please include a copy of the paper on a mac - formatted disk , in microsoft word 5 . 1 ( or earlier ) , with copies of fonts of symbols used . student papers are encouraged . please include name , address , email address ( if possible ) when sending correspondence . please send papers or inquiries to this address : editors , kwpl linguistics department 427 blake hall lawrence , ks e-mail : lgsa @ kuhub . cc . ukans . edu
  """",0
  2357,""""Subject: bu conf . on lang . dev .
   
   the 23nd annual boston university conference on language development call for papers november 6 , 7 and 8 , 1998 keynote speaker : peter jusczyk , johns hopkins university plenary speaker : jane grimshaw , rutgers university * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * first and second language acquisition all topics in the field of language acquisition will be fully considered , including : bilingualism literacy & narrative cognition & language neurolinguistics creoles & pidgins pragmatics discourse pre - linguistic development exceptional language signed languages input &interaction sociolinguistics language disorders speech perception & production linguistic theory ( syntax , semantics , phonology , morphology , lexicon ) abstracts submitted must represent original , unpublished research . presentations will be 20 minutes long , plus 10 minutes for questions . please submit : 1 ) six copies of an anonymous , clearly titled 450 - word summary for review ; 2 ) one copy of a 150 - word abstract for use in the conference program book if your abstract is accepted . if your paper is accepted , this abstract will be scanned into the conference handbook . no changes in title or authors will be possible after acceptance . 3 ) for each author , one copy of the information form printed at the bottom of this sheet . please include a self-addressed , stamped postcard for acknowledgment of receipt . notice of acceptance or rejection will be sent by early august . pre - registration materials and preliminary schedule will be available in late august , 1998 . all authors who present papers at the conference will be invited to contribute their papers to the proceedings volumes . those papers will be due in january , 1999 . note : all conference papers will be selected on the basis of abstracts submitted . although each abstract will be evaluated individually , we will attempt to honor requests to schedule accepted papers together in group sessions . deadline : all submissions must be received by may 15 , 1998 . send submissions to : boston university conference on language development 704 commonwealth ave . , suite 101 boston , ma 02215 u . s . a . telephone : ( 617 ) 353-3085 e-mail : langconf @ louis-xiv . bu . edu ( we regret that we cannot accept abstract submissions by fax or e-mail . ) information regarding the conference may be accessed at http : / / web . bu . edu / linguistics / applied / conference . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * author information form ( fill out one form completely for each author ) title : topic area : audiovisual requests : full name : affiliation : current address : summer address if different , and dates : current email : summer email : current phone number : summer phone if different : * to accommodate as many papers as possible , we reserve the right to limit each submitter to one first authorship and if circumstances warrant , to limit each submitter to two papers in any authorship status . * please indicate whether , if your paper is not one of the 90 initially selected for presentation , you would be willing to be considered as an alternate . ( if you indicate that you are willing to be considered , this does not commit you to accepting alternate status if it should be offered to you . ) _ _ _ _ _ yes , consider me as an alternate if necessary _ _ _ _ _ no , please do not consider me as an alternate please indicate how you received the 1998 call for papers : _ _ _ _ email / electronic _ _ _ _ surface mail _ _ _ _ word of mouth please indicate how you wish to receive the 1999 call for papers : _ _ _ _ email / electronic _ _ _ surface mail _ _ _ _ both
  """",0
  2358,""""Subject: 5th wollic ' 98 - 3rd call
   
   third call for contributions 5th workshop on logic , language , information and computation ( wollic ' 98 ) july 28-31 , 1998 ( tutorial day : july 28th ) ime-usp , sao paulo , brazil the """""""" 5th workshop on logic , language , information and computation """""""" ( wollic ' 98 ) , the fifth version of a series of workshops which started in 1994 with the aim of fostering interdisciplinary research in pure and applied logic , will be held in sao paulo , brazil , from july 28th to 31st 1998 . contributions are invited in the form of short papers ( 6 10pt pages or 1800 words ) in all areas related to logic , language , information and computation , including : pure logical systems , proof theory , model theory , algebraic logic , type theory , category theory , constructive mathematics , lambda and combinatorial calculi , program logic and program semantics , logics and models of concurrency , logic and complexity theory , nonclassical logics , nonmonotonic logic , logic and language , discourse representation , logic and artificial intelligence , automated deduction , foundations of logic programming , logic and computation , and logic engineering . the 5th wollic ' 98 has the scientific sponsorship of the interest group in pure and applied logics ( igpl ) , the european association for logic , language and information ( folli ) , the association for symbolic logic ( asl ) , the sociedade brasileira de computacao ( sbc ) , and the sociedade brasileira de logica ( sbl ) . there will be a number of guest speakers , including : sergei artemov ( moscow state univ , russia ) ( confirmed ) , sam buss ( univ calif san diego , us ) ( confirmed ) , edmund clarke ( carnegie - mellon univ , us ) ( confirmed ) , heinz dieter ebbinghaus ( universitaet freiburg , germany ) ( confirmed ) , michael fourman ( edinburgh univ , uk ) ( confirmed ) , dov gabbay ( imperial coll , uk ) ( * ) , ehud hrushovski ( hebrew univ jerusalem , israel ) ( * ) , hans kamp ( stuttgart univ , germany ) ( confirmed ) , phokion kolaitis ( univ calif santa cruz , us ) ( * ) , valeria de paiva ( birmingham univ , uk ) ( confirmed ) , maarten de rijke ( amsterdam univ , the netherlands ) ( confirmed ) , giovanni sambin ( padoa univ , italy ) ( confirmed ) . ( * ) to be confirmed submission : papers ( sent preferably in latex format by e-mail to * * wollic @ ime . usp . br * * , or in 5 ( five ) copies to postal address ) must be received by april 3rd , 1998 by one of the co - chairs of the organising committee . papers must be written in english and give enough detail to allow the programme committee to assess the merits of the work . papers should start with a brief statement of the issues , a summary of the main results , and a statement of their significance and relevance to the workshop . references and comparisons with related work is also expected . technical development directed to the specialist should follow . results must be unpublished and not submitted for publication elsewhere , including the proceedings of other symposia or workshops . one author of each accepted paper will be expected to attend the conference in order to present it . authors will be notified of acceptance by may 15th , 1998 . the abstracts of the papers will be published in a """""""" conference report """""""" section of the logic journal of the igpl ( issn 1367-0751 ) ( oxford univ press ) as part of the meeting report . papers presented at the meeting will be invited for submission ( in full version ) to the logic journal of the igpl ( http : / / www . oup . co . uk / jnls / igpl / ) . the wollic ' 98 is hosted by universidade de sao paulo ( usp ) , and will take place at the mathematics and statistics institute ( ime ) . programme committee : andreas blass ( michigan univ , usa ) , itala d ' ottaviano ( univ campinas , br ) , j . michael dunn ( indiana univ , usa ) , wilfrid hodges ( queen mary coll , uk ) , francisco miraglia ( univ sao paulo , br ) , luiz carlos pereira ( cathol univ rio , br ) , andrew pitts ( cambridge univ , uk ) , amir pnueli ( weizmann inst , israel ) . organising committee : l . s . c . baptista ( ufpe / ufpb ) , m . finger ( usp ) , e . hermann haeusler ( puc - rio ) , a . c . v . de melo ( usp ) , a . g . de oliveira ( ufba / ufpe ) , r . de queiroz ( ufpe ) , f . c . da silva ( usp ) . for further information , contact the co - chairs of the organising committee : ruy de queiroz , departamento de informatica , univ . federal de pernambuco , cp 7851 , 50732-970 recife , pe , brazil , e-mail : ruy @ di . ufpe . br , tel . : ( + 55 81 ) 271 8430 , fax : ( + 55 81 ) 271 8438 . marcelo finger , departamento de ciencia da computacao , instituto de matematica e estatistica , universidade de sao paulo , rua do matao 1010 , 05508-900 sao paulo , sp , brazil , e-mail : mfinger @ ime . usp . br , tel . : ( + 55 11 ) 818 6287 , fax : ( + 55 11 ) 818 6134 . web page : http : / / www . ime . usp . br / ~ wollic
  """",0
  2359,""""Subject: coling - acl ' 98 ( deadline extension )
   
   deadline has been extended ! in response to concerns about the short time span between the final cfp issued a few days ago and the original submis - sion deadline , it has been decided to extend the deadline by 3 weeks . please see the revised timetable below . ( final ) call for papers coling - acl ' 98 workshop """""""" discourse relations and discourse markers """""""" august 15 , 1998 universiti de montrial montrial / canada ( see also : http : / / flp . cs . tu-berlin . de / ~ marker / aclcolingws . html ) timetable : deadline for electronic submissions : april 6 , 1998 deadline for hardcopy submissions : april 9 ( arrival date ) notification of acceptance : may 25 , 1998 final manuscripts due : june 15 , 1998 for other details , see linguist list 9 . 326
  """",0
  2360,""""Subject: computers and the humanities
   
   computers and the humanities for over thirty years , computers and the humanities ( chum ) has been the premier international journal for publications on language , text , and humanities-related research . starting with the publication of volume 31 , chum is taking on a new look , with a new cover and format , together with a new editorial staff representing areas across the variety of disciplines covered by the journal . in addition to continuing to publish top-quality articles covering all kinds of textual analysis , corpus studies , and language and literary analysis , we are actively seeking to extend our scope to cover the full range of materials which are available for research in humanities disciplines , including images , sound , speech data , etc . we invite the submission of high-quality articles describing research concerning the creation , representation , and maintenance of text resources and other media , as well as descriptions of methodologies and results of research using such materials , including statistical and symbolic methods , strategies for information storage and retrieval , etc . in keeping with chum 's long tradition of fostering inter-disiplinary work , we also encourage submission of articles involving multi-lingual and / or multi-modal applications and research . we extend a special invitation for articles which survey the current state-of - the-art in any relevant area . such articles should provide an overview of past and recent work , an assessment of the current achievements and directions for future research , and a full bibliography which may serve as a reference for those interested in the field . for a recent example , see """""""" current approaches to punctuation in computational linguistics """""""" , b . say and v . akman , chum 30 : 6 ( 1996 ) . in addition to publishing full-length research articles , chum also publishes a section on reports and discussion , which includes shorter articles reporting on projects , intermediate results , or discussing relevant issues . contributions to this section are also solicited . for information about computers and the humanities and article submission procedures , consult http : / / www . wkap . nl / computers and the humanities - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - editorial staff editors - in-chief : nancy ide , vassar college , usa daniel greenstein , king 's college , uk resource review editor : elli mylonas , brown university , usa board of commissioning editors : sheila anderson , university of essex , uk stephen arnold , glasgow university , uk r . h . baayen , max planck institute for psycholinguistics , the netherlands david t . barnard , university of regina , canada christian delcourt , universite de liege , belgium richard giordano , university of manchester , uk claus huitfeldt , university of bergen , norway judith l . klavans , columbia university , usa john lavagnino , brown university , usa kirk martinez , birkbeck college , uk mark olsen , university of chicago , usa philip resnik , university of maryland , usa julian richards , york university , uk laurent romary , centre de recherche en informatique de nancy , france dan tufis , romanian academy of sciences , romania syun tutiya , chiba university , japan john unsworth , university of virginia , usa ; ellen voorhees , national institute for standards and technology , usa
  """",0
  2361,""""Subject: tag + workshop
   
   tag + workshop - - preliminary announcement the fourth workshop on tree-adjoining grammars and related frameworks ( hence the + after tag ) will be held at the institute for research in cognitive science at the university of pennsylvania in august 1998 , from august 1 to august 3 . previous workshops were held at dagstuhl ( 1990 ) , upenn ( 1992 ) , and univ . paris 7 ( 1994 ) . papers on all aspects of tag ( linguistic , mathematical , computational , and applicational ) , as well as papers relating tags to other frameworks , are invited . as in the past there will be some invited talks on other grammar formalisms which have interesting relationships to tags ( for example , categorial grammars and hpsg ) . guidelines for abstracts : abstracts should be at most two pages ( exclusive of references ) , and should be submitted in ascii format , as a . ps file , or as self-contained latex file to jmacdoug @ central . cis . upenn . edu . ( if email is not available , please send the abstract to the address given below . ) please indicate on the abstract if you would prefer to give a short presentation ( 10 minutes ) or a long one ( 30 minutes ) . the abstract should contain your name , address , and email address . proceedings including extended versions ( 4 pages ) of accepted abstracts will be available at the workshop . deadline for submission for abstracts : april 15 notification of acceptance : may 15 deadline for submission of camera-ready extended abstract : july 6 workshop dates : august 1 to august 3 if you do not want to submit an abstract , but would like to attend , we would appreciate it if you could inform us by email by july 6 ( unless you have already done so ) . if you would like to present a demo , please let us know as soon as possible , including information about required hard and software . contact address : jennifer macdougall 553 moore building university of pennsylvania philadelphia , pa 19104-6389 usa telephone : ( 215 ) 898-3191 fax : ( 215 ) 898-0587 email : jmacdoug @ central . cis . upenn . edu tutorial : prior to the workshop there will be a tutorial ( including labs and demos ) from july 28 to july 31 1998 . details about the tutorial will be sent out soon . we are trying to get some partial support for some of the students attending the tutorials . more information about this will appear in future announcements . organizing committee : tilman becker ( dfki ) owen rambow ( cogentex ) giorgio satta ( universita di padova ) k . vijayshanker ( university of delaware )
  """",0
  2362,""""Subject: kitahara review .
   
   hisatsugu kitahara , ( 1997 ) elementary operations and optimal derivations , mit press , cambridge , mass . 140 pages , $ 15 . 00 . reviewed by julie legate , < jlegate @ mit . edu > this book is very firmly situated within the minimalist approach to syntactic theory that was begun by chomsky ( 1991 ) and perhaps most fully articulated in chomsky ( 1995 ) . it adopts much of the basic architecture of the 1995 version of minimalism ( henceforth mp ) , while deriving several of its principles and assumptions . the first three chapters of the book propose some comparatively minor alterations to the mp system , and demonstrate that these alterations allow several stipulations of the mp to be dropped , while retaining or improving the framework 's empirical coverage . the final chapter retains the proposals of the previous chapters while putting forth a new condition that is a more clear departure from the mp approach . with this condition , kitahara is able to account for several notoriously problematic wh-constructions . kitahara 's first chapter consists of a review of the minimalist syntactic framework . he discusses the conceptual foundation of the approach ( the unflinching application of occam 's razor to every aspect of the computational system ) , the guiding principles of global economy , as well as the internal mechanisms of the computation ( including the creation of syntactic trees through successive operations of merge and of morphological feature-driven move ) . his second chapter contains the core proposals of the book . kitahara replaces the operations of merge , move , and erase by two """""""" elementary operations """""""" : """""""" concatenation """""""" and """""""" replacement """""""" . concatenation is the procedure which joins two objects alpha and beta to form a new object k . replacement , on the other hand , substitutes an object alpha for an object beta , where beta is contained within a larger object sigma . the mp operations are redefined using these elementary operations as follows ( p35 ) : ( i ) cyclic merge = concatenation cyclic move = concatenation noncyclic merge = concatenation + replacement noncyclic move = concatenation + replacement erase = replacement he further redefines the shortest derivation condition ( chomsky 1991 , 1993 ; epstein 1992 ) in terms of these operations , as in ( ii ) ( p26 ) : ( ii ) shortest derivation condition ( sdc ) minimize the number of elementary operations necessary for convergence . given this technology , he proceeds to derive several of the principles and assumptions of mp . first , he considers cyclicity , providing a detailed summary and comparison of the approaches taken in chomsky 1993 , 1994 , and 1995 . he derives that , in simple cases , cyclic convergent derivations should be preferred over noncyclic convergent ones , since cyclic operations yield a shorter derivation . as shown in ( i ) above , cyclic operations involve only one elementary operation : concatenation , whereas noncyclic ones require two : concatenation and replacement . next , he turns to the mp principle of procrastinate : covert movement ( i . e . movement which occurs in the computation after the derivation is sent to pf for pronunciation ) is preferable to overt movement . he separates the discussion into head movement , object shift , and expletive insertion . he adopts the mp assumptions that ( a ) movement results in two instances of identical elements , one in the merged position and the other in the moved position ( i . e . the copy theory of movement ) ; ( b ) if an element is overtly attracted , the entire category moves , whereas if an element is covertly attracted , only the formal features move ; and ( c ) only one of the identical elements created by movement is interpreted at lf . finally , he proposes a novel interpretation of effect of strong features in the grammar , as in ( iii ) ( p37 ) : ( iii ) strong feature condition spell - out applies to sigma only if sigma contains no category with a strong feature . regarding head movement , in languages with overt verb raising , t has a strong v feature and thus overt raising is necessary for convergence . in languages without overt verb raising , the sdc selects derivations with covert , rather than overt , verb raising . although both covert and overt head movement involve one operation of replacement ( since head movement is necessarily non-cyclic ) , kitahara claims that overt head movement , being category movement requires an additional instance of replacement , thus resulting in a longer derivation . his reasoning is as follows . if a verb moves overtly , its semantic features are carried along . therefore , at lf it will be necessary to delete one of the instances of the semantic features , since elements are only interpreted once . this requires an application of replacement that is not needed for covert movement , since covert movement only affects the formal features , not the semantic features as well . notice that the same reasoning will not extend to phrasal movement . overt movement will require one instance of replacement to delete the semantic features of one member of the chain ( just considering a simple two-membered chain ) , however covert movement will also require one instance of replacement , since covert movement is necessarily non-cyclic . thus , the sdc cannot choose between derivations with overt object shift and those without . this predicts the optionality of object shift in languages like icelandic , without resorting to the mp ' optional strong feature ' analysis , which is a simple restatement of the facts . in languages without overt verb movement , object shift is predicted to be impossible , assuming that the object shifts to the outside specifier of vp , the inside specifier being the merged position of the subject , and that multiple specifiers are not equidistant from a higher head , unless head movement renders them equidistant . thus , the shifted object would block movement of the subject to tp , unless the verb has raised to t . kitahara acknowledges ( p144 , fn26 ) , however , that he cannot explain languages like french , that display overt verb raising but prohibit object shift . finally , kitahara considers the timing of expletive insertion . notice that although mp assumes that merge is cheaper than move , kitahara 's reanalysis predicts that merge be equally economical to cyclic move , since both consist of one application of concatenation . since the timing of expletive insertion is the primary empirical motivation for the mp assumption , kitahara demonstrates that this timing is equally captured within his system . consider the familiar sentences ( iv ) and ( v ) . ( iv ) there seems to be a man in the room . ( v ) * there seems a man to be in the room . in ( iv ) , the expletive was inserted in the embedded [ spec , t ] and raised to the matrix tp . in ( v ) , on the other hand , """""""" a man """""""" was raised to the embedded tp and the expletive was inserted directly into the specifier of the matrix tp . mp claimed that ( iv ) is preferred over ( v ) because it is cheaper to merge the expletive into the embedded tp than to move the associate . kitahara claims that these facts follow from his sdc . since expletives are assumed to have no semantic features , overt raising of """""""" there """""""" will not require an application of replacement to delete an instance of semantic features in ( iv ) . in ( v ) , on the other hand , overt raising of """""""" a man """""""" will require replacement to delete one of the resulting two instances of the semantic features of """""""" a man """""""" . therefore , the derivation in ( iv ) is shorter than that in ( v ) and thus preferred . as a side point , notice that this analysis requires that the formal features of """""""" a man """""""" raise covertly directly to the matrix t . if these features raised to the embedded tp covertly , the non-cyclic movement would result in an additional application of replacement , and ( iv ) and ( v ) should be equally economical ( an equivalent situation to object shift ) . kitahara concludes chapter two with a note about the timing of expletive insertion in icelandic transitive expletive constructions . he assumes the mp analysis that the associate ( i . e . the subject of the transitive ) moves into the inner specifier of tp and the expletive merges into the outer specifier of tp , the verb appearing between the two as a verb-second phenomenon . he notes that although this situation is the opposite of the english situation discussed above , i . e . here category movement precedes expletive insertion , this is predicted by the restriction against downwards movement . assuming the associate must move to adjoin to the expletive at lf , the associate must appear lower than the expletive , in order for this movement to be raising rather than lowering . in chapter three , kitahara demonstrates that chomsky 's ( 1995 ) minimal link condition can explain phenomena which had previously received disparate analyses in the literature . ( vi ) minimal link condition ( mlc ) h ( k ) attracts alpha only if there is no beta , beta closer to h ( k ) than alpha , such that h ( k ) attracts beta . kitahara begins with relativized minimality ( chomsky 1993 ) violations , as in ( vii ) , and superiority condition violations , as in ( viii ) . ( vii ) * john seems it is t ( john ) certain to be here . ( viii ) * what did you persuade whom to buy t ( what ) ? the mlc accounts naturally for these facts : in ( vii ) , """""""" it """""""" is closer than """""""" john """""""" to the matrix t , and thus blocks attraction of """""""" john """""""" ; in ( viii ) , """""""" whom """""""" is closer to the matrix cp than """""""" what """""""" and thus blocks attraction of """""""" what """""""" . next , kitahara considers proper binding condition violations , like that shown in ( x ) . ( ix ) proper binding condition traces must be bound . ( x ) * which picture of t ( who ) do you wonder who john likes t ( which picture of t ( who ) ) ? he argues that a proper binding condition analysis of ( x ) is no longer available in minimalist approaches . this condition can no longer apply at s - structure , since s - structure has been eliminated from the model , and lf reconstruction of """""""" picture of t ( who ) """""""" could create a configuration in which the trace of """""""" who """""""" is bound . instead , kitahara offers an mlc solution . he observes that ( x ) involves two violations of the minimal link condition . first , """""""" which """""""" is closer to the embedded cp than """""""" who """""""" and thus blocks the attraction of """""""" who """""""" ( note that """""""" picture of who """""""" would be necessarily carried along with """""""" which """""""" to the embedded cp by an independent convergence condition ) . second , given the illegitimate attraction of """""""" who """""""" to the embedded cp , """""""" who """""""" becomes closer to the matrix cp than """""""" which """""""" , and thus blocks the attraction of """""""" which """""""" . assuming that ( xi ) a derivation employing a greater number of illegitimate steps induces a greater degree of deviance ( p72 ) the derivation in ( xii ) below is preferred over ( x ) because ( x ) involves two violations of the mlc whereas ( xii ) involves only one . ( xii ) ? ? who do you wonder which picture of t ( who ) john likes t ( which picture of who ) ? kitahara extends this analysis to crossing versus nesting dependency data . ( xiii ) nested dependency condition ( pesetsky 1987 ) if two """""""" wh """""""" - trace dependencies overlap , one must contain the other . the paradigm cases are those in ( xiv ) and ( xv ) : ( xiv ) ? ? what did you wonder whom john persuaded t ( whom ) to buy t ( what ) ? ( xv ) ? * whom did you wonder what john persuaded t ( whom ) to buy t ( what ) ? in ( xiv ) , kitahara observes , the mlc is disobeyed once , in the raising of """""""" what """""""" over """""""" whom """""""" to the matrix cp . in ( xv ) , on the other hand , the mlc is disobeyed twice , once in the raising """""""" what """""""" over """""""" whom """""""" to the embedded cp , and a second time in the raising of """""""" whom """""""" over """""""" what """""""" to the matrix cp . thus , following ( ix ) , the grammar prefers ( xiv ) over ( xv ) . finally , kitahara considers scrambling and topicalization in german and japanese , demonstrating that certain restrictions on these phenomena can also receive an mlc treatment . he assumes that both phenomena are feature driven , and that the scrambling / topicalization feature of the attracted element is interpretable , and thus remains accessible to the computation after checking . the basic pattern considered is that it is not possible to scramble an element from a constituent and then scramble the remnant , however it is possible to then topicalize the remnant . german examples are provided in ( xvi ) and ( xvii ) : ( xvi ) scrambling + scrambling of remnant * dass [ t ( das buch ) zu lesen ] keiner [ das buch ] t ( t ( das buch ) zu lesen ) that ( the book ) to read no one the book ( the book to read ) versucht hat tried has """""""" that no one has tried to read the book """""""" ( xvii ) scrambling + topicalization of remnant [ t ( das buch ) zu lesen ] hat keiner [ das buch ] t ( t ( das buch ) zu lesen ) ( the book ) to read has no one the book ( the book to read ) versucht tried """""""" no one has tried to read the book """""""" under these assumptions , ( xvi ) violates the mlc twice , first by scrambling the dp """""""" that book """""""" over the closer vp """""""" that book to read """""""" , and second by scrambling the vp """""""" t ( that book ) to read """""""" over the now-closer dp """""""" that book """""""" . ( xvii ) , on the other hand , does not violate the mlc at all . assuming that the features that drive topicalization and scrambling are distinct , """""""" that book """""""" would be the closest available element with the scrambling feature to the attracting head , since """""""" that book to read """""""" would have a topicalization feature rather than a scrambling feature . similarly , the vp """""""" t ( that book ) to read """""""" is the closest available element to be attracted for topicalization , since """""""" that book """""""" has a scrambling feature not a topicalization feature . in chapter four , kitahara discusses the differences in deviance between derivations which involve one violation of the mlc by a wh-element . he provides the generalization in ( xviii ) , and examples in ( xix ) - ( xxii ) ( p83 - 85 ) : ( xviii ) an mlc violation involving adjuncts , subjects , or quasi objects [ i . e . """""""" how many """""""" phrases ] is far more severe than an mlc violation involving objects . ( xix ) adjunct * how do you wonder [ whether john fixed the car t ( how ) ? ( xx ) subject * what do you wonder [ whether t ( what ) was fixed t ( what ) ] ? ( xxii ) quasi - object * how many pounds do you wonder [ whether john weighed t ( how many ) ] ? ( xxii ) object ? ? what do you wonder [ whether john fixed t ( what ) ] ? in order to explain this phenomenon , kitahara proposes the following condition ( p90 ) : ( xxiii ) chain formation condition an application of move forms 1 or > 1 chain ( s ) only if it is legitimate ( = violation-free ) and assumes that traces may be attracted ( at least covertly ) . he claims that the illegitimate wh-movements in ( xix ) - ( xxii ) do not form a chain . therefore , the wh-elements will not be able to be interpreted at lf , causing the derivation to crash . this accounts for the ungrammaticality of ( xix ) - ( xxii ) . in ( xxii ) , however , kitahara claims that the formal features of the trace of """""""" what """""""" raise covertly to check accusative case , and that it is this movement that saves the derivation . ( notice that covert movement of the traces of the wh-elements in ( xxiv ) - ( xxvi ) will not occur . adjuncts and quasi objects do not check case , and subjects move overtly to check case . ) according to the chain formation condition , the movement of the formal features of the object , being legitimate , may form one or more chains ; in particular , it forms a chain between the raised position of """""""" what """""""" in the matrix cp and the merged position of """""""" what """""""" . thus , the derivation can be interpreted at lf , and has only the status of a mlc violation . kitahara extends the analysis to ( xxiv ) . ( xxiv ) """""""" where """""""" / """""""" when """""""" adjuncts ? ? where / when do you wonder [ whether john fixed the car t ( where / when ) ? he assumes that these adjuncts are the complement of a null preposition . therefore , the formal features of the trace of """""""" where """""""" / """""""" when """""""" must raise covertly to check case with the null preposition , again creating the necessary chain between the moved position of """""""" where """""""" / """""""" when """""""" in the matrix cp and its merged position . this chapter concludes the book . although this book stands solidly on the foundations of previous minimalist syntactic research , it remains accessible to those who are not well-versed in minimalist theory . it provides very clear explanations of the details of previous minimalist approaches , as well as kitahara 's own proposals . furthermore , all relevant derivations are presented step-by - step , at a pace designed to accommodate the non-specialist . thus , it presents a good opportunity for those interested to learn about research and issues in minimalist syntax . those who are familiar with minimalist research should find this to be an interesting reworking and application of 1995 - style minimalism . anyone convinced by recent discussions of computational complexity and local economy ( see collins 1997 , johnson & lappin 1997 , yang 1997 , among others ) , however , will be dissatisfied with the approach , as it continues to rely on global economy conditions . since , of course , not everyone has been convinced by the discussion , this is more a note to prospective readers than a criticism . on a similar note , a crucial assumption for the analyses is that the grammar can count , which is controversial , but not obviously false . note that , regarding cyclicity , the notoriously problematic case of head - movement , which chomsky ( 1995 ) managed to incorporate into """""""" cyclicity """""""" requirements ( forcing it to apply before introduction of another head into the derivation ) , again falls outside the analysis of """""""" cyclicity """""""" . since all head - movement will require an operation of replacement , there is no longer any clear way to force it to apply before another head is introduced . perhaps more serious is the reformulation of the strong feature condition . the various strong feature conditions of previous minimalist approaches are simplified in the first chapter to ( ii ) above , repeated in ( xxv ) below . ( xxv ) strong feature condition spell - out applies to sigma only if sigma contains no category with a strong feature . the difficulty with this formulation is that it renders the strong feature condition an s - structure condition and thus anti - minimalist , since minimalism took great pains to eliminate all s - structure conditions . notice that it would be trivial to reformulate all previous s - structure conditions in a manner parallel to ( xxv ) - - """""""" spell - out applies to sigma only if sigma contains no traces which are not bound """""""" - - thus reducing the minimalist claim that s - structure is redundant to a matter of terminology only . furthermore , in the last chapter , a further condition involving strong features had to be introduced in order to rule out certain noncyclic derivations . this additional condition , given in ( xxvi ) , is essentially a weakened version of chomsky 's ( 1995 ) formulation of the strong feature condition . ( xxvi ) alpha and beta cannot be concatenated if some sublabel of alpha and some sublabel of beta are both strong ( p95 ) thus , the proposed simplification of the strong feature condition actually results in positing two conditions , one of which is an s - structure condition . another seemingly anti - minimalist proposal is the chain formation condition , given in ( xxiii ) above and repeated in ( xxvii ) below . ( xxvii ) chain formation condition an application of move forms 1 or > 1 chain ( s ) only if it is legitimate ( = violation-free ) minimalist theory claims that the computation of human language meets the inclusiveness condition , i . e . no new elements are added during the course of the computation . instead , the computation arranges and rearranges items selected from the lexicon . therefore , under minimalist theory , the notion of a """""""" chain """""""" as an independent entity does not exist , as it would have to be added during the course of the derivation , violating inclusiveness . instead , """""""" chain """""""" is simply a convenient term used to refer to the identical elements in a derivation . the chain formation condition , however , crucially requires chains to have an independent existence in the computation . these comments aside , this book does represent a step forward in the minimalist research program . kitahara is able to derive several assumptions / principles which previously could only be stipulated . the account of optionality in icelandic object shift is more satisfying than the """""""" optional strong feature """""""" approach , although , as was noted , it does raise some cross - linguistic considerations ( e . g . french ) . the systematic application of the minimal link condition to data captured by various other conditions was sorely needed , if only to confirm the intuitions that an mlc would have equal , or superior , empirical coverage . finally , the analysis of """""""" wh """""""" extraction asymmetries presented in the final chapter , is one of the few minimalist treatments of this phenomenon . all in all , the reader will find this book to be very well considered , clearly explained , and thought-provoking . biography julie anne legate is a phd student in the department of linguistics and philosophy at mit . her research interests include syntactic theory and irish syntax . bibliography chomsky , noam . ( 1991 ) some notes on economy of derivation and representation . in principles and parameters in comparative grammar , ed . robert freidin , 417-454 . mit press , cambridge , mass . chomsky , noam . ( 1993 ) a minimalist program for linguistic theory . in the view from building 20 , eds kenneth hale & samuel jay keyser , 1-52 . mit press , cambridge , mass . chomsky , noam . ( 1994 ) bare phrase structure . mit occasional papers in linguistics 5 . mitwpl , cambridge , mass . chomsky , noam . ( 1995 ) the minimalist program . mit press , cambridge , mass . collins , chris . ( 1997 ) local economy . mit press , cambridge , mass . epstein , samuel d . ( 1992 ) derivational constraints on a ' - chain formation . linguistic inquiry 23 , 135-159 . johnson , david & shalom lappin . ( 1997 ) a critique of the minimalist program . linguistics and philosophy . yang , charles d . ( 1997 ) minimal computation . master 's thesis , department of electrical engineering and computer science , mit . - - - - - - end of forwarded message
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  2363,""""Subject: atelier des doctorants de linguistique ( adl )
   
   call for papers fifth meeting of the adl 4 - 5 december 1998 university of paris 7 - denis diderot the atelier des doctorants de linguistique ( adl ) is an organisation created and run by students . with the support of the university of paris 7 , it aims at developing exchanges between students from different theoretical backgrounds . the fifth meeting provides an opportunity for young linguists to present their works and exchange ideas through : * papers on miscellaneous areas of linguistics * workshops on interdisciplinary topics * friendly breaks providing an opportunity for informal discussions . this meeting is organised by students and is student-oriented . papers , preferably delivered in french , should deal with the following fields : computational linguistics , history of linguistics , lexicology , phonetics , phonology , pragmatics , psycholinguistics , semantics , sociolinguistics , syntax and morphology . a three-page abstract setting out the theoretical background , hypotheses , examples and results which are to be presented at the meeting should be sent by october 15th . abstracts should be submitted , ( by email in rtf-format if possible ) , to sabrina . bendjaballah @ linguist . jussieu . fr ( for macintosh ) patricia . cabredo - hofherr @ linguist . jussieu . fr ( for pc formats ) . if you send your abstact by mail please enclose three anonymous copies along with a separate listing of name , institutional affiliation , preferred mailing address , phone , e-mail address and paper title to the following address : 5emes rencontres de l ' adl universite paris 7 - denis diderot ufr de linguistique - case 7003 tour centrale , piece 911 2 , place jussieu 75251 paris cedex 05 accepted speakers will be notified by the program committee in early november . the meeting will be free of charge . furthermore , we will try to arrange accommodation for speakers . for further information , join us at http : / / www . linguist . jussieu . fr / ~ leglise / adlp7 / adlp7 . htm or at cabredo @ ccr . jussieu . fr . program committee : nicolas ballier , sabrina bendjaballah , patricia cabredo hofherr , emmanuelle canut , pierre jalenques , isabelle leglise , helene le guillou de penanros ( coordination ) , tobias scheer , kim stroumza . abstract deadline : october 15th , 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - appel a communications cinquiemes rencontres de l ' atelier des doctorants de linguistique de l ' universite paris 7 4 - 5 decembre 1998 universite de paris 7 - denis diderot structure creee et geree par des doctorants , l ' atelier des doctorants de linguistique ( a . d . l . ) de paris 7 , avec le soutien de son ecole doctorale , a pour objectif de favoriser les echanges entre etudiants travaillant dans des domaines et dans des cadres theoriques differents . dans cette optique , il organise pour la cinquieme annee consecutive des rencontres , occasion pour de jeunes linguistes de presenter leurs travaux et de confronter leurs points de vues a travers : * des presentations dans des domaines varies de la linguistique * des ateliers-debats autour de themes transversaux * des pauses conviviales laissant le temps aux discussions la particularite de ces rencontres est leur caractere etudiant : organisation , comite de lecture et intervenants . les communications se situeront dans les domaines suivants : histoire des idees linguistiques , lexicologie , linguistique et informatique , morphologie , phonetique , phonologie , pragmatique linguistique , psycholinguistique , semantique , sociolinguistique et syntaxe . les etudiants interesses enverront un resume de 3 pages avant le 15 octobre 1998 , comprenant : une explicitation de leurs presupposes theoriques , les hypotheses , exemples et resultats exposes lors de la presentation . ce resume est a soumettre , si possible par email en format rtf a : sabrina . bendjaballah @ linguist . jussieu . fr ( format macintosh ) patricia . cabredo - hofherr @ linguist . jussieu . fr ( format pc ) ou a adresser , en 3 exemplaires anonymes accompagnes d ' une fiche personnalisee ( nom , universite de rattachement , adresse personnelle et professionnelle , telephone , email , titre de la communication ) a l ' adresse suivante : 5emes rencontres de l ' adl universite paris 7 - denis diderot ufr de linguistique - case 7003 tour centrale , piece 911 2 , place jussieu 75251 paris cedex 05 l ' acceptation des communications sera notifiee par le comite de lecture debut novembre . la participation a ces rencontres est gratuite . nous essaierons , de plus , de mettre en place des possibilites d ' hebergement . les personnes souhaitant des renseignements complementaires peuvent nous contacter a la meme adresse ou par email , ou www : http : / / www . linguist . jussieu . fr / ~ leglise / adlp7 / adlp7 . htm organisation : nicolas ballier , sabrina bendjaballah , patricia cabredo hofherr , emmanuelle canut , pierre jalenques , isabelle leglise , helene le guillou de penanros ( coordination ) , tobias scheer , kim stroumza . date limite pour les resumes : 15 octobre 1998
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  2364,""""Subject: new journal - - information
   
   call for papers and articles ! first announcement for a new journal i n f o r m a t i o n issn : 1343-4500 an international journal for publishing original research papers and survey articles in chinese , japanese and english covering all areas of sciences and technologies . high quality research papers and survey articles are solicited , covering the scope of the journal outlined below . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = aims and scope = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the journal presents the latest information and research papers concerning high technologies and modern sciences . the journal introduces up-to - date trend concerning the forefront researches in all areas of science and technology , provides a spot to presents original and novel ideas , outlines present research activities , forecasts future research directions , discusses some research themes , and presents some high-level research papers . the journal covers all areas of science and technology with three sections : ( 1 ) natural science ( 2 ) cultural and social sciences ( 3 ) engineering and technology prospective papers and articles include : commentary , the latest trend , open problems , forecast , discussion , research papers , news , book review , project 's introduction , etc . catalog and abstracts will be published in chinese , japanese and english simultaneously . the papers and articles may be written in either chinese , japanese or english . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = contribution details = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = according to the essential points for preparing papers ( see the homepage : http : / / www . sv . cc . yamaguchi-u . ac . jp / ~ informat / indexe . html ) , the language of manuscripts can be one of chinese , japanese and english . only original papers ( not published or not simultaneously submitted to another journal ) will be considered for publication . copyright for published papers should be transfered to the journal . for electronic contribution , the latex source files or ps files are welcomed . please e-mail the manuscripts to informat @ po . cc . yamaguchi-u . ac . jp . for postmail contribution , four copies of the manu script should be airmailed to information secretariat faculty of science yamaguchi university , yoshida 1677 - 1 , yamaguchi 753-8512 , japan . manuscripts must include : ( 1 ) the title , author 's name ( s ) and affiliation in chinese or japanese ( if preparing the manuscripts in chinese or japanese ) , ( 2 ) the title , author 's name ( s ) , affiliation and abstract in english , ( 3 ) the body of the manuscripts , ( 4 ) references , ( 5 ) brief curriculum vitae for the author ( s ) . submission letters must include the correspondent author 's name , e-mail and street address , field of the manuscript , and offprints number to order . the journal has no page charges , but all authors are requested to buy at least 50 offprints of their papers . in some cases , it is possible , to discount or exempt from offprints charge when publishing committee approves . the offprints charge includes basic charge with 50 offprints and additional charge for more than 50 offprints . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = publishing committee = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = an internationally repected advisory editorial board has been appointed , members details are as follows : advisory board : h . hironaka , yamaguchi university , japan c . bai , chinese academy of sciences , china t . sawa , kyoto university , japan f . cao , peking university , china k . ushijima , kyushu university , japan d . qu , tsinghua university , china w . f . mccoll , university of oxford , uk editor-in - chief : l . li , yamaguchi university , japan associate editors : natural science : f . ren , hiroshima city university , japan cultural and social sciences : n . zhang , hiroshima shudo university , japan engineering and technology : j . cheng , kyushu university , japan editing and publishing : n . zhong , yamaguchi university , japan editorial board : y . yuan , chinese academy of sciences , china z . li , national sun yat - sen university , taiwan w . sun , city university of hong kong , hong kong j . wang , the institute of statistical math . , japan j . y . nie , university of montreal , canada k . t . lua , national univ . of singapore , singapore z . wang , sapporo university , japan m . jin , sapporo gakuin university , japan z . wang , miyazaki municipal university , japan h . ohnishi , kyoto university , japan g . yi , peking university , china t . torii , nagoya university , japan s . ma , ibaraki university , japan z . wu , ibaraki university , japan y . hong , chinese academy of sciences , china y . jiang , kyushu university , japan t . nakamura , tohoku university , japan j . chen , tsinghua university , china j . zeng , kyushu institute of technology , japan h . matsuno , yamaguchi university , japan n . wu , hokkaido university , japan s . liu , hiroshima city university , japan = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = subscription details = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the information journal issn : 1343-4500 4 issues per volume : jp \ 6000 ( in the japan ) jp \ 8000 ( all other countries ) volume 1 ( 1998 ) 2 issues : jp \ 3000 ( in the japan ) jp \ 4000 ( all other countries ) prices include postage / air speeded delivery the information journal will be published quarterly starting from july , 1998 . all correspondence should be sent to : information secretariat faculty of science , yamaguchi university yoshida 1677 - 1 , yamaguchi 753-8512 , japan tel : + 81-839 - 335687 , fax : + 81-839 - 335768 email : informat @ po . cc . yamaguchi-u . ac . jp http : / / www . sv . cc . yamaguchi-u . ac . jp / ~ informat / indexe . html
  """",0
  2365,""""Subject: wholes and their parts
   
   wholes and their parts ( w / p ) bolzano , maretsch castle , 17-19 june 1998 1 . presentation science is connected to the complementarity of analysis and synthesis . it may be said that classical physics is characterized by an in-built analysis of the world into constituent parts ( such as atoms or elementary particles ) . these are then recomposed together to provide , by means of synthesis , any system ; interactions are linearly and locally described ; the resulting hierarchy of structures is grounded on such constituent parts . in contemporary science , the age of """""""" pure """""""" analysis seems to have ended . there are deep mathematical reasons for this . non - linear systems have properties that , in general , cannot be expressed in terms of decomposition into ultimate , unstructured , pointlike parts plus a suitable sets of relations among them . moreover , the """""""" dialectic """""""" of quantity and quality is subtler than was previously thought and this dialectic is needed in the explanation of all sorts of phenomena . it arises not only in physics , but also in the study of cognitive systems and natural and programming languages . within psychology , it is said that """""""" gestalten """""""" are cohesive wholes and that """""""" the whole is more than the sum of its parts """""""" . but what does this mean exactly ? similar questions emerge in other contexts as well . what is relevant for the foundations of science , the need for a clear understanding of the part / whole relationships , emerges even in logic and mathematics , since these provide the tools for organizing our rational image of the world , in its multi-stratified complexity . thus , we are faced with the problem of relating in a possibly coherent way the various forms of part / whole relationships arising in different branches of science . we have not only to classify the different kinds of wholes and their inherent """""""" grammars """""""" , but also to take into account the process of formation for wholes , in order to describe precisely in which sense the whole emerges out of its parts and is irreducible to an aggregate of autonomous , more or less pointlike , entities . what makes ( in part , at least ) the difference between mere aggregates and cohesive wholes ? the members of the whole do not simply hang together : they hang together in the whole , and the structure of the whole influences the description of the parts and their local interactions . in view of the growing interest in this sort of pattern , of so deep relevance for theoretical and applied sciences , it is therefore suitable to clarify the whole / part issues in crucial fields of research , to compare different approaches and to develop a foundational discussion . 2 . program june 17 9 registration 10 bill lawvere , opening lecture 11 , 30 coffee break 12 john bell , w / p in algebraic and logical structures 13-15 lunch 15 ieke moerdjik , w / p in geometry , topology and topos theory 16 coffee break 16 , 30 colin mclarty , w / p in foundations of mathematics 17 , 30 carlo cellucci , w / p in logical analysis june 18 9 steve vickers , w / p in semantics for programming languages 10 gonzalo reyes , w / p in categorical analysis of language 11 coffee break 11 , 30 john mayberry , w / p in set theory 12 , 30-15 lunch 15 niles eldredge , w / p in biology 16 coffee break 16 , 30 alberto peruzzi , w / p in epistemology and semantics 17 , 30 roberto poli , w / p in ontology june 19 9 ettore casari , w / p in phenomenology 10 alf zimmer , w / p in gestalt psychology 11 coffee break 11 , 30 ron langacker , w / p in linguistics 12 , 30-15 lunch 15 george lakoff , w / p in cognitive sciences ( to be confirmed ) 16 coffee break 16 , 30 chris isham , w / p in quantum topology 17 , 30 basil hiley , w / p in mechanics and cosmology 3 . updates to keep you updated with more information on the conference this is the url for the w / p home page : http : / / www . gelso . unitn . it / ~ poli / 4 . registration fees registration fees only cover the participation in this conference . miscellaneous expenses ( accomodation , meals and social activities ) are in addition . the registration deadline to get the early registration fare is : march 1998 , 31st . students must enclose with the registration form a photocopy of their student card . status early registration ( before 3 / 31 / 98 ) late registration student 50 , 000 100 , 000 scholar 100 , 000 200 . 000 industrial 200 , 000 300 . 000 5 . accomodation participants should book their own accomodation . a selected hotel list is the following one : parkhotel laurin * * * * . 4 , laurinstrasse single-room and breakfast : 180 , 000-265 , 000 tel . + 39 471 31 10 00 , fax + 39 471 31 11 48 citta \ 146 * * * . 21 , waltherplatz single-room and breakfast : 110 , 000 tel . + 39 471 97 52 21 ; fax : + 39 471 97 66 88 feichter * * . 15 , via weintraubengasse single-room and breakfast : 60 , 000-80 , 000 tel . + 39 471 978 768 ; fax : + 39 471 974 803 regina angelorum * * . 1 , rittnerstrasse single-room and breakfast : 65 , 000-85 , 000 tel . : + 39 471 972195 ; fax : + 39 471 97 89 44 kolpinghaus * * ( student house ) . 3 , spitalgasse single-room and breakfast : 50 , 000-65 , 000 tel . : + 39 471 97 11 70 ; fax . : + 39 471 97 39 17 ( all the above hotels are at a walkable distance from both the railway station and maretsch castle . ) for more information : city tourist office . 8 , waltherplatz tel . : + 39 471 307 000 / 001 / 002 fax . : + 39 471 98 01 26 or + 39 471 98 03 00 time table : 8 . 30-18 . 00 ; saturday 9-12 . 30 closed on sunday and holidays . 6 . methods of payment cheques : made out in italian liras , payable to istituto mitteleuropeo di cultura , vicolo gumer 7 , 39100 bolzano , italy . bank transfers : sorry but you will have to pay the banking charges ( if you do n't , your registration will be considered as incomplete ) . please enclose with this form a copy of your transfer . this copy should mention the name and adress of your bank . do not forget to write down your name on the transfer . the bank transfer must be done in italian liras on the account : bank : cassa di risparmio di bolzano account number : 873900 swift codes : abi : 06045 ; cab : 11601 references : w / p conference / your name address : istituto mitteleuropeo di cultura vicolo gumer 7 39100 bolzano , italy if these methods of payment are inconvenient , it will be possible for you to pay cash once you are in bolzano . in this case , you will have to pay the late registration fee . some exceptions to these arrangements can be made for people coming from countries which do not allow any of the long distance methods of payment above . 7 . cancellation cancellations received before april 1998 , 15th : running costs : 20 , 000 it liras cancellations received after may 1998 , 15th : running costs : 50 % of the registration fees 8 . registration form name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ institution : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to return by e-mail to : poli @ risc1 . gelso . unitn . it a copy of this registration form together with the justificatory of payment and the copy of the student card has to be sent by surface mail to : istituto mitteleuropeo di cultura , vicolo gumer 7 , 39100 bolzano , italy 9 . conference committee alberto peruzzi : peruzzi @ dada . it roberto poli : poli @ risc1 . gelso . unitn . it * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * roberto poli department of sociology and social research 26 , verdi street 38100 trento - - italy tel . + + 39-461 - 881-403 fax : + + 39-461 - 881-348 e-mail : poli @ risc1 . gelso . unitn . it axiomathes : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / axiomathes . htm imc : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / imc . htm
  """",0
  2366,""""Subject: conference on research and advanced technology for digital libraries
   
   second european conference on research and advanced technology for digital libraries european european ics-forth university of union research crete consortium for informatics and mathematics 19 - 23 september , 1998 heraklion , crete , greece web page http : / / www . csi . forth . gr / 2eurodl e - mail ecdl @ cc . uch . gr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - objectives this conference is the second of a series of european conferences on research and technology for digital libraries funded by the european commission 's tmr programme . its objectives are : to bring together researchers from multiple disciplines whose science relates to the development of digital libraries ; to provide an opportunity for these scientists to form a research community in europe specific to digital library development and to enable them to discuss issues and strategies specific to the european context ; to assist young researchers in establishing relationships with senior scientists in their areas of interest ; to enable review and discussion of research under way in europe , the us , japan and other countries on digital libraries ; to stimulate researchers , especially young scientists , to explore new areas of interest in digital library development ; to establish a forum for discussion of issues specific to europe such as interoperability , multilinguality , intellectual property policy , and information commerce ; to provide an opportunity for researchers in the relevant enabling technologies and information sciences , to discuss issues related to interoperability between world wide distributed digital libraries . > from a technical point of view , the european conferences series aims to contribute to the definition of those digital library parameters which especially influence issues of access , retrieval , and interaction with information ; to identify key problems which must be solved to make digital library services an effective reality ; to identify a general structure or framework for integrating research and solutions ; and to propose and encourage specific , high priority research directions within such a framework . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - topics the conference organisers solicit papers on topics related to digital libraries , including but not limited to the following list : o digital library models , frameworks , and system requirements o metadata o system integration and architecture issues o interoperability , scalability o networked information discovery , agent technologies o information retrieval , organisation , navigation - tools and paradigms o multilinguality o role of knowledge representation systems in digital library interactions o collecting , capturing , filtering , cataloging , indexing , o preserving o intellectual property rights , terms and conditions , rights management o authoring , electronic publishing , electronic commerce and information economies o economic and social implications and issues o user interfaces o handling of graphics , gis , medical data , multimedia information , experimental data and o scientific models _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - conference programme the conference will be held in heraklion , crete , greece . tutorials will be organised on the 19th and 20th of september 1998 . the opening session will take place at 9 . 00a . m . on monday the 21th of september 1998 and the final session will take place on wednesday afternoon , the 23th of september 1998 . full details on the scientific programme of the conference will be published on our web site by the 1st of july 1998 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - important dates 15 march 1998 proposals for tutorials , panels and demos due to the programme chair 15 april 1998 notification of tutorial , panel and demo acceptance 15 may 1998 papers and proposals for posters due to the programme chair 25 june 1998 notification of paper and poster acceptance 1 july 1998 scientific programme on the web 25 july 1998 final papers due 19 , 20 september 1998 tutorials 21-23 september 1998 conference _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - panels suggestions for the organisation of panel sessions on one of the proposed topics or on related topics are welcomed . proposals should include a short cv and position paper for each panelist . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - posters during the conference a space will be reserved for poster sessions . research projects of any scale are invited to illustrate innovative concepts and prototype systems . poster proposals should include title , names of presenters and outline ( max . 500 words ) . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - tutorials tutorial days will be held before the conference , on saturday the 19th and sunday the 20th of september 1998 . proposals for tutorials are solicited . tutorials would be either half day ( 3 hours ) or full day ( 6 hours ) . each proposal should include a title , a summary ( intentions , objectives , etc . ) , duration and a short cv of the instructor ( s ) . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - demos result demonstrations of on-going projects are strongly encouraged . those interested should submit a description of the intended demo to the programme chair . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - papers papers ( max 20 pages , double spaced ) should be submitted electronically in html format , either by e-mail to the conference secretariat , ecdl @ cc . uch . gr , or to our ftp site , ftp : / / ftp . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - proceedings the proceedings will be published by springer as a volume in their lecture notes in computer science series and will be distributed at the conference . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - fellowship for young researchers a limited number of fellowships for the conference and also for tutorials are available for young researchers who are citizens of european union countries or liechtenstein , norway and iceland . the fellowship offers free registration for the participants and , in special cases where necessary and appropriately justified , may pay for or reimburse travel and lodging expenses . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - programme chair christos nikolaou , university of crete & ics-forth leoforos knossou , gr-71110 heraklion , crete , greece tel : + 30 81 393199 , fax : + 30 81 210106 e - mail : nikolau @ cc . uch . gr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - programme committee serge abiteboul inria , france robert b . allen bellcore , usa thomas baker asian institute of technology , thailand william birmingham university of michigan , usa panos constantopoulos university of crete & ics-forth , greece bruce croft university of massachusetts , usa costis dallas hellenic ministry of foreign affairs , greece edward a . fox virginia technical university , usa norbert fuhr university of dortmund , germany hector garcia - molina stanford university , usa keith jeffery ral-clrc , uk martin kersten cwi , netherlands judith klavans columbia university , usa carl lagoze cornell university , usa clifford a . lynch coalition for networked information , usa jeff mackie - mason university of michigan , usa a . desai narasimhalu national university of singapore , singapore ann okerson yale university , usa olle olsson sics , sweden andreas paepcke stanford university , usa nicholas patrikalakis mit , usa carol peters iei-cnr , italy jakka sairamesh ibm - t . j . watson research center , usa peter schauble eth zurich , switzerland hans joerg schek eth zurich , switzerland eric simon inria , france ingeborg t . solvberg university of science and technology , norway constantine stephanidis ics-forth , greece shigeo sugimoto university of library and information science , japan costantino thanos iei-cnr , italy ulrich thiel gmd-ipsi , germany stuart weibel oclc , usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - local organising committee sarantos kapidakis ics-forth , greece penelope constanta ics-forth , greece spiros lalis university of crete , greece gioylh koraoy university of crete , greece stella vourou university of crete & ics-forth , greece mixalhs tzekakhs university of crete , greece maria stavrakaki university of crete , greece rena kalaitzaki university of crete , greece maria prevelianaki ics-forth , greece liana kefalaki ics-forth , greece dimitris papadakis university of crete , greece manolis marazakis university of crete , greece anastasia anastasiadi ics-forth , greece stavros papadakis university of crete , greece _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - contact info for more information regarding this conference contact the conference secretariat , rena kalaitzaki and maria stavrakaki university of crete , computer science department , tel : + 30 81 393504 fax : + 30 81 393501 e - mail : ecdl @ cc . uch . gr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you can subscribe to the announcement list of the """""""" second european conference on research and advanced technology for digital libraries """""""" by sending electronic mail to ' majordomo @ csi . forth . gr ' with body 's ubscribe ecdl2 - announce < your email address > '
  """",0
  2367,""""Subject: bilingualism
   
   2nd international symposium on bilingualism 15-17 april , 1999 ( provisional dates ) university of newcastle upon tyne , uk 1st announcement submissions are invited for oral or poster presentations , on all aspects of bilingualism . papers which are based on empirical research and which seek to forge new links between established fields ( e . g . linguistics , psychology , speech & language pathology , sociology , and education ) or to develop new sub-fields are particularly welcome . all submissions will be peer-reviewed , anonymously , and selected on the grounds of originality , clarity , and significance of findings and conclusions . special features of the symposium include panel sessions on : i ) cross-linguistics studies of language acquisition and disorder ; ii ) bilingual social interaction ; iii ) trilinguals ; iv ) grammar and code-switching ; v ) childhood bilingualism ; vi ) acquired communication disorders in bilinguals ; and vii ) bilingualism and the deaf community , and a round - table on \ 145issues of identification and intervention in multilingual / multicultural speech therapy clinics \ 146 . important dates : 31 january , 1998 : 2nd announcement 1 september , 1998 : deadline for submission of abstract 31 october , 1998 : notice of acceptance 1 january , 1999 : closing date for registration for further details , please contact : mrs gillian cavagan , isb organising committee , department of speech , university of newcastle upon tyne , ne1 7ru , uk , e - mail : gillian . cavagan @ ncl . ac . uk ; fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 191 222 6518 ; or consult : http : / / www . ncl . ac . uk / ~ nspeech zhu hua editorial assistant international journal of bilingulism
  """",0
  2368,""""Subject: symposium meaning , metaphor & religion
   
   symposium announcement meaning , metaphor & religion : cognitive semantics and the bible the importance of a cognitive theory of meaning for the study of religious language university of leuven , 6 - 8 july 1998 aim of the meeting this symposium aims at determining how a cognitively inspired theory of meaning ( taken in the broad sense ) provides the study of religious language with new valuable insights . specifically , it will be investigated to what extent established and ongoing research into the semantics of bible texts is supported and / or questioned by the cognitive semantic paradigm . although this meeting is primarily conceived from a linguistic point of view , it is not meant for linguists alone . instead , it explicitly aims to bring together semantic expertise from both linguistics and theology in order to explore some of the possibilities and limitations of a combined study of religious language . where ? the symposium takes place in leuven ( b ) at the historical begijnhof site ( chievre house & faculty club ) program - ralph bisschops ( brussel / duisburg ) : """""""" metaphors disclosing new religious experiences : lover , bride and adulteress in hosea and ezekiel """""""" - lieven boeve ( leuven ) : """""""" linguistica ancilla theologiae : the interest of fundamental theology in cognitive linguistics """""""" - kristin de troyer ( breda / leuven ) : """""""" ' and god was created . . . ' on translating hebrew concepts into greek . """""""" - rene dirven ( duisburg ) : """""""" a metonymic view of the world and religion , contrasted to a metaphorical one """""""" - brian doyle ( leuven ) : """""""" how do isotopes meet ? a rare word - play metaphor in isa . 25 : 6 - 8 . """""""" - james francis ( sunderland ) : """""""" ' i am lowly as a child ' - child metaphor in the ancient world """""""" - katrin hauspie ( leuven ) : """""""" a cognitive approach to the septuagint ? placing the septuagint in its original context in alexandria """""""" - joel hoffman ( new york ) : """""""" identifying , understanding and translating the metaphors of a dead language : how to move beyond the denotation of the words to the connotation of the words . """""""" - olaf jaekel ( hamburg ) : """""""" the cognitive theory of metaphor : an explanation on the basis of biblical language """""""" - kjell magne yri ( oslo ) : """""""" recreating religion - semantic theories and the problem of theologically central terms in ( """""""" exotic """""""" ) bible translation . """""""" - ken mcelhanon ( arlington ) : """""""" explorations in prototype theology """""""" - nelly stienstra ( utrecht ) : """""""" conceptual vs . individual metaphors in the old testament : a matter of interpretation """""""" - david tuggy ( tucson ) : """""""" literal vs . idiomatic translation in cognitive linguistics """""""" - pierre van hecke ( leuven ) : """""""" the metaphorical use ( s ) of the hebrew verb ra ' ah . a cognitive approach to the shepherd - metaphor """""""" registration if you wish to register , please complete ( a hardcopy of ) this form and send it back ( hard copy ) with ( evidence of ) payment to the following address : kurt feyaerts dept . of linguistics katholieke universiteit leuven blijde - inkomststraat 21 , b-3000 leuven name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address for correspondence : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i would like to register for ( please circle a or b ) : a . the whole conference package ( conference fee + all lunches ) : 2900 , - bef ( see below ) b . the conference fee + the lunch options as indicated below ( please put a tick on the line next to your chosen options ) conference fee ( obligatory ) 500 , - bef [ staff members of the belgian unversities and students are exempt from paying the conference fee . ] options : lunch ( 6th july ) 800 , - bef _ _ _ _ lunch ( 7th july ) 800 , - bef _ _ _ _ lunch ( 8th july ) 800 , - bef _ _ _ _ total : _ _ _ _ payments must be made before the end of may 1998 methods of payment ( return a hard copy of this form ) : 1 . o visa o eurocard / mastercard complete and sign the following instruction : card number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name of cardholder : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address of cardholder : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """""""" please debit _ _ _ _ _ _ bef of my visa / / eurocard / mastercard """""""" signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 . international eurocheque ( please fill out all sums in bef and make payable to """""""" kuleuven - congres theosemantiek """""""" ) 3 . direct bank transfer to """""""" ku leuven - congres theosemantiek """""""" , blijde - inkomststraat 21 , 3000 leuven , belgium - bank ( name & address ) : kredietbank , ladeuzeplein 27 , 3000 leuven - account number : 431-0375511 - 91 - bank code ( swift ) : kred . bebb 100 ( please enclose a bank receipt ) please make sure your payment reaches us in due time . your registration will be confirmed by , and made effective with your payment only . accomodation please note that accomodation cannot be arranged by the organizers . information about hotels in leuven ( prices , phone numbers , addresses , map of leuven , . . . ) will be sent immediately after registration ( or on demand before registration ) . information can also be obtained directly from the tourist office in leuven : phone : + 32 . 16 . 211539 ; fax : + 32 . 16 . 211549 . the average price for a single room ( with breakfast ) in leuven is 2300 bef ( with 950 and 4900 bef as extremes ) and 3000 bef for a double room ( with 1700 and 5400 bef as extremes ) . organization / correspondence kurt feyaerts & dirk geeraerts katholieke universiteit leuven department of linguistics blijde - inkomststraat 21 b-3000 leuven phone : + 32 . 16 . 32 48 05 fax : + 32 . 16 . 32 47 67 email : kurt . feyaerts @ arts . kuleuven . ac . be dirk . geeraerts @ arts . kuleuven . ac . be
  """",0
  2369,""""Subject: console 7 : cfp
   
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - console 7 - call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the seventh meeting of the student organisation of linguistics in europe ( console ) will be held at the university of bergen , norway , from 9 to 11 december 1998 . sole aims at providing students of generative linguistics with a possibility of gaining international experience and a publication forum of their own . furthermore , sole strives to enhance contacts and cooperation between students of generative linguistics in europe and around the world . papers are solicited from students in the field of generative linguistics , more specifically in , but not limited to , phonology , morphology , semantics , sign language , language acquisition and syntax . submissions may be sent either by regular mail or e-mail . if regular mail is used , please send five copies , of which four should be anonymous and one should contain your name , affiliation , address and e-mail address . abstracts should be set in at least 10 point and must not exceed two pages , including references , diagrams , and examples . please send abstracts to : console 7 department of linguistics and comparative literature section for linguistic studies sydnesplass 7 n-5007 bergen norway e - mail submissions must be text only ( ascii format ) . abstracts submitted in this way should not exceed 1300 words , including references , diagrams , and examples , and they may be sent to : abstracts @ babel . ling . uib . no the deadline for submission is 1 august , 1998 ( regardless of mode of submission ) . abstracts received after 1 august will not be considered . submissions by fax will not be accepted . questions regarding submissions and the conference in general can be addressed to the local organisers at the following e-mail address or fax number : e - mail : console7 @ babel . ling . uib . no fax : + 47-55 58 93 54 or to the sole board at the following e-mail address : sole @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl information regarding the conference can be found at the following website : http : / / www . ling . uib . no / console - 7 local organisers : sole board : oystein alexander vangsnes michael redford dagmar bendt tina cambier - langeveld inger marie berntzen aniko liptak torodd kinn martha thunes
  """",0
  2370,""""Subject: ecdl98 - final call for papers
   
   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ call for papers second european conference on research and advanced technology for digital libraries european european ics-forth university of union research crete consortium for informatics and mathematics 19 - 23 september , 1998 heraklion , crete , greece http : / / www . csi . forth . gr / 2eurodl ecdl @ cc . uch . gr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ be sure to check the following categories : papers , posters , accepted tutorials , panels and demos , invited speakers , special sessions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - objectives this conference is the second of a series of european conferences on research and technology for digital libraries funded by the european commission 's tmr programme . its objectives are : to bring together researchers from multiple disciplines whose science relates to the development of digital libraries ; to provide an opportunity for these scientists to form a research community in europe specific to digital library development and to enable them to discuss issues and strategies specific to the european context ; to assist young researchers in establishing relationships with senior scientists in their areas of interest ; to enable review and discussion of research under way in europe , the us , japan and other countries on digital libraries ; to stimulate researchers , especially young scientists , to explore new areas of interest in digital library development ; to establish a forum for discussion of issues specific to europe such as interoperability , multilinguality , intellectual property policy , and information commerce ; to provide an opportunity for researchers in the relevant enabling technologies and information sciences , to discuss issues related to interoperability between world wide distributed digital libraries . > from a technical point of view , the european conferences series aims to contribute to the definition of those digital library parameters which especially influence issues of access , retrieval , and interaction with information ; to identify key problems which must be solved to make digital library services an effective reality ; to identify a general structure or framework for integrating research and solutions ; and to propose and encourage specific , high priority research directions within such a framework . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - topics the conference organisers solicit papers on topics related to digital libraries , including but not limited to the following list : o digital library models , frameworks , and system requirements o metadata o system integration and architecture issues o interoperability , scalability o networked information discovery , agent technologies o information retrieval , organisation , navigation - tools and paradigms o multilinguality o role of knowledge representation systems in digital library interactions o collecting , capturing , filtering , cataloging , indexing , o preserving o intellectual property rights , terms and conditions , rights management o authoring , electronic publishing , electronic commerce and information economies o economic and social implications and issues o user interfaces o handling of graphics , gis , medical data , multimedia information , experimental data and o scientific models _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ conference programme the conference will be held in heraklion , crete , greece . tutorials will be organised on the 19th and 20th of september 1998 ( for a list of accepted tutorials please consult the relevant section below ) . the opening session will take place at 9 . 00a . m . on monday the 21th of september 1998 and the final session will take place on wednesday afternoon , the 23th of september 1998 . full details on the scientific programme of the conference will be published on our web site by the 1st of july 1998 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - important dates 15 may 1998 papers and proposals for posters deadline 25 june 1998 notification of paper and poster acceptance 1 july 1998 scientific programme on the web 25 july 1998 final papers due 19 , 20 september 1998 tutorials 21-23 september 1998 conference _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - posters during the conference a space will be reserved for poster sessions . research projects of any scale are invited to illustrate innovative concepts and prototype systems . poster proposals should include title , names of presenters and outline ( max . 500 words ) . electronic submissions are obligatory ; proposals should be submitted by e-mail to the conference secretariat , ecdl @ cc . uch . gr . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - papers - submission details papers ( max 20 pages , double spaced ) should be submitted electronically in html format , either by e-mail to the conference secretariat , ecdl @ cc . uch . gr , or to our ftp site , ftp : / / ftp . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl . in either case please follow the guidelines below : 1 . in your submission there should be exaclty one html file containing the paper text , suitable for review printing 2 . each figure ( or other material except text ) should be in a separate file 3 . all files consisting your paper should be gathered in a single file ( zip or tar format ) 4 . submit your paper ( please note that electronic submissions are obligatory ) either by e-mail or ftp 5 . send a separate e-mail message to ecdl @ cc . uch . gr containing the title , abstract , keywords for the paper and the relevant contact information . - the deadline for paper submissions is may 15 , 1998 . - important information - best papers will be proposed for publication in a special issue of the ijodl the best papers of the conference will be proposed for publication ( after a new revision and refereeing process ) in a special issue of the international journal on digital libraries ( http : / / link . springer . de / link / service / journals / 00799 / index . htm ) - accepted papers will be published by springer all accepted papers for the conference will be published by springer . upon selection of your paper you are also obliged to provide us another copy of your paper , in latex2e or ms word format , following the guidelines provided by springer . the final date for the preparation of the accepted papers will be july 15 , 1998 . detailed information on preparing accepted papers for publishing can be found at the springer - verlag web site , http : / / www . springer . de . please be sure to read the """""""" information for authors """""""" ( http : / / www . springer . de / comp / lncs / authors . html ) , as well as the new version of the """""""" authors 's instructions """""""" ( you may retrieve this file in pdf format from http : / / www . springer . de / comp / lncs / instruct / typeinst . pdf or in postscript format from http : / / www . springer . de / comp / lncs / instruct / typeinst . ps ; you may also retrieve all related files from our web site ; information will be available from our web pages shortly ) . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - panels , tutorials and demos detailed information regarding tutorials , demos and panels can be found at the conference web page http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights . html . in brief , accepted tutorials for the conference are the following ( http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / tutorials . html ) : 1 . standards for interfacing with a digital library by larry masinter 2 . thesauri for knowledge-based assistance in searching digital libraries by dagobert soergel 3 . visual information system by babu m . mehtre 4 . multimedia information retrieval , categorisation , and filtering by pasquale savino and fabrizio sebastiani 5 . designing content for the web of tomorrow , world wide web consortium sponsored tutorial by bert bos 6 . metadata on the web : the resource description framework ( rdf ) , world wide web consortium sponsored tutorial by janne saarela 7 . metadata for networked resources by renato iannella , carl lagoze and stuart weibel a tutorial registration form will be available shortly from our web pages . accepted panels for the conference ( http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / panels . html ) : 1 . interaction design in digital libraries panelists : constantine stephanidis , david benyon , mark maybury , daniel dardailler , dan diaper 2 . digital video libraries : providing access to the moving image panelists : richard paterson , rachel hughes , robin wright , bruce tonkin 3 . digital library technologies in health care panel coordinator : prof . stelios orphanoudakis 4 . architectures and services for cultural heritage information panel coordinator : panos constantopoulos 5 . metadata and content-based approaches to resource discovery panel organizers : thomas baker and judith klavans accepted demos for the conference ( http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights / demos . html ) : 1 . liberation by robert stubenrauch 2 . aquarelle by vassilis christophides 3 . aontas : the cabernet technical report and abstracts service by frank siqueira 4 . the low - cost digital library by philip konomos 5 . multilingual informedia : a demonstration of speech recognition and information retrieval across multiple languages by howard wactlar 6 . arhon : a multimedia database design for image documents by kostas chandrinos 7 . nara institute of science and technology ( naist ) digital library system by hideki sunahara 8 . the document management system saros / mezzanine by norbert lossau 9 . unicode - based digital library interface by sarantos kapidakis 10 . ercim technical reference digital library by stefania biagioni 11 . cibit : biblioteca telematica italiana . a digital library for the italian cultural heritage by eugenio picchi 12 . intex : searching information in full text by maurice gross 13 . calliope : an experiment in digital libraries by catherine alauzun _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - invited speakers http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights . html # speakers * dr . donald f . ferguson senior manager ibm t . j watson reseach center , ibm academy , usa software systems and middleware for information economies and digital libraries * dr . james j . o'donnell professor of classical studies , vice provost for computing university of pennsylvania , usa the digital library in the university : how we use it * dr . amy friedlander cnri , editor of the d - lib magazine dr . william y . arms cnri , publisher of the d - lib magazine publishing at the speed of web - light ; experiences from d - lib magazine * mark t . maybury advanced information systems center , the mitre corporation intelligent multimedia information access _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - special sessions http : / / www . ics . forth . gr / 2eurodl / highlights . html # sessions a special session on """""""" digital library technologies for libraries """""""" will be held during the conference . detailed information can be found at the conference web site . session organiser : ann okerson speakers : diann rusch - feja , john price - wilkin , chris rusbridge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - proceedings the proceedings will be published by springer as a volume in their lecture notes in computer science series and will be distributed at the conference . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - fellowship for young researchers a limited number of fellowships for the conference and also for tutorials are available for young researchers who are citizens of european union countries or liechtenstein , norway and iceland . the fellowship offers free registration for the participants and , in special cases where necessary and appropriately justified , may pay for or reimburse travel and lodging expenses . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - programme chair christos nikolaou , university of crete & ics-forth leoforos knossou , gr-71110 heraklion , crete , greece tel : + 30 81 393199 , fax : + 30 81 210106 e - mail : nikolau @ cc . uch . gr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - programme committee serge abiteboul inria , france robert b . allen bellcore , usa thomas baker asian institute of technology , thailand william birmingham university of michigan , usa panos constantopoulos university of crete & ics-forth , greece bruce croft university of massachusetts , usa costis dallas hellenic ministry of foreign affairs , greece edward a . fox virginia technical university , usa norbert fuhr university of dortmund , germany hector garcia - molina stanford university , usa keith jeffery ral-clrc , uk martin kersten cwi , netherlands judith klavans columbia university , usa carl lagoze cornell university , usa clifford a . lynch coalition for networked information , usa jeff mackie - mason university of michigan , usa a . desai narasimhalu national university of singapore , singapore ann okerson yale university , usa olle olsson sics , sweden andreas paepcke stanford university , usa nicholas patrikalakis mit , usa carol peters iei-cnr , italy jakka sairamesh ibm - t . j . watson research center , usa peter schauble eth zurich , switzerland hans joerg schek eth zurich , switzerland eric simon inria , france ingeborg t . solvberg university of science and technology , norway constantine stephanidis ics-forth , greece shigeo sugimoto university of library and information science , japan costantino thanos iei-cnr , italy ulrich thiel gmd-ipsi , germany stuart weibel oclc , usa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - local organising committee sarantos kapidakis ics-forth , greece penelope constanta ics-forth , greece spyros lalis university of crete , greece gioylh koraoy university of crete , greece stella vourou university of crete & ics-forth , greece mixalhs tzekakhs university of crete , greece maria stavrakaki university of crete , greece rena kalaitzaki university of crete , greece maria prevelianaki ics-forth , greece liana kefalaki ics-forth , greece dimitris papadakis university of crete , greece manolis marazakis university of crete , greece anastasia anastasiadi ics-forth , greece stavros papadakis university of crete , greece _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - contact info for more information regarding this conference contact the conference secretariat , rena kalaitzaki and maria stavrakaki university of crete , computer science department , tel : + 30 81 393504 fax : + 30 81 393501 e - mail : ecdl @ cc . uch . gr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you can subscribe to the announcement list of the """""""" second european conference on research and advanced technology for digital libraries """""""" by sending electronic mail to ' majordomo @ csi . forth . gr ' with body 's ubscribe ecdl2 - announce < your email address > '
  """",0
  2371,""""Subject: corpus - based and statistical nlp
   
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - absolutely last call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - sixth workshop on very large corpora note that the deadline for submissions has been extended by 1 week because acl / coling is late in sending out notification and we wish to encourage submissions from the affected group . the new deadline of april 27 is absolutely firm . when : august 15-16 , 1998 ( immediately following acl / coling-98 ) where : university of montreal , montreal , quebec , canada workshop description : as in past years , the workshop will offer a general forum for new research in corpus-based and statistical natural language processing . areas of interest include ( but are not limited to ) : - robust parsing , phrase structure analysis - part of speech tagging - term and name identification - word sense disambiguation - morphological analysis - anaphora resolution - event categorization - discourse structure identification - alignment of parallel texts and bilingual terminology - language modelling - lexicography - machine translation - spelling and grammar correction program chair : eugene charniak brown university program committee : steven abney lillian lee eric brill christopher manning ted briscoe dan melamed rebecca bruce scott miller claire cardie raymond mooney bob carpenter james pustejovksy glen carroll lance ramshaw ken church adwait rathnaparkhi michael collins ellen riloff joshua goodman hinrich schutze vasilis hatzivassiloglou ralph weischedel mark johnson janyce wiebe andrew kehler dekai wu john lafferty david yarowsky sponsor : sigdat ( acl 's special interest group for linguistic data and corpus-based approaches to nlp ) web sites : for coling-acl ' 98 - http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / format for submission : only hard-copy submissions will be accepted . authors should submit six ( 6 ) copies of their full-length paper ( 3500-8000 words ) to eugene charniak at the johns hopkins university address below . papers should describe original work . a paper accepted for presentation cannot be presented or have been presented at any other meeting . papers submitted to other conferences will be considered , as long as this fact is clearly indicated in the submission . schedule : submission deadline : april 27 , 1998 notification date : june 1 , 1998 camera ready copy due : june 22 , 1998 contact : eugene charniak e-mail ec @ cs . brown . edu address : before february 1 , 1998 and after june 1 , 1998 department of computer science brown university providence ri 02912-1910 address : from february 1 , 1998 until june 1 , 1998 department of computer science johns hopkins university neb 224 , 3400 n . charles street baltimore , md 21218-2694
  """",0
  2372,""""Subject: lrec workshop , pre-final programme
   
   pre-final programme and call for participation towards a european evaluation infrastructure for nl and speech . a workshop jointly organised by the european network of excellence in language and speech elsnet and the ec language engineering-4 project else to be held on wednesday may 27 , 9 : 00-13 : 00 at the first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain right now , a generic framework for semi-automatic quantitative black-box evaluation of speech and nlp systems does not exist in europe . when confronted to a choice , developers and users prefer to ask the opinion of local experts as any other way of processing is either unrealistic or too costly . the le - 4 project else aims at providing developers with a generic strategy and definition of the primary building blocks needed to implement a semi-automatic quantitative black-box evaluation scheme . prominent speakers from field the have been invited to present papers addressing motivation , advantages , but also problems in connection with the implementation of such an evaluation scheme at an international scale . programme : 09 : 00-09 : 10 opening ( steven krauwer / joseph mariani ) 09 : 10-09 : 30 """""""" the darpa experience """""""" ( charles wayne ) 09 : 30-09 : 40 """""""" ethnology and sociology of evaluation """""""" ( lynette hirschman ) 09 : 40-09 : 50 """""""" the aupelf experience """""""" ( joseph mariani ) 09 : 50-10 : 00 """""""" experience in grace tagging evaluation """""""" ( patrick paroubek ) 10 : 00-10 : 10 """""""" experiences in bilingual text alignment evaluation and word sense disambiguation """""""" ( jean veronis ) 10 : 10-10 : 20 """""""" best practice and evaluation """""""" ( ole bernsen / laila dybkjaer ) 10 : 20-10 : 40 break 10 : 40-10 : 50 """""""" confidence measures and evaluation """""""" ( lin chase ) 10 : 50-11 : 00 """""""" evaluation within eagles """""""" ( maghi king ) 11 : 00-11 : 10 """""""" technology vs user - evaluation """""""" ( marc blasband ) 11 : 10-11 : 20 """""""" evaluation for better products """""""" ( christian dugast ) 11 : 20-11 : 30 """""""" resources for evaluation """""""" ( mark liberman ) 11 : 30-11 : 40 """""""" organising parser evaluation """""""" ( richard sutcliffe ) 11 : 40-11 : 50 """""""" specification and infrastructure for text summarization evaluation """""""" ( beth sundheim ) 11 : 50-12 : 00 break 12 : 00-12 : 10 """""""" else """""""" ( patrick paroubek ) 12 : 10-13 : 00 panel session ( chair : rob gaizauskas ) 13 : 00 closing the selected topics include the multilingual nature of evaluation , lessons from the past ( in europe and the us ) , and the need for language resources . at the workshop the first intermediate results of the else project will be presented and discussed . this call serves to invite interested parties to active participation in the workshop . during the workshop , ample opportunity will be provided for the participants to react to the presentation of the else project , and to the talks by the invited speakers . furthermore participants will be given the opportunity to give brief position statements . the workshop is very timely as it takes place when the ec 's 5th framework programme is taking shape . it is clear that the availability of a european evaluation infrastucture can be an important factor in european r&d activities , and that it can only be successful if it is organized and implemented on a european scale . programme committee the workshop is coorganized by elsnet and else . the programme committee are the participants in the else le - 4 project : niels ole bernsen jean - pierre chanod khalid choukri robert gaizauskas steven krauwer isabelle de lamberterie joseph mariani klaus netter patrick paroubek martin rajman antonio zampolli contact steven krauwer trans 10 , 3512 jk utrecht , the netherlands phone : + 31 30 253 6050 fax : + 31 30 253 6000 email : steven . krauwer @ let . ruu . nl registration information for lrec and pre and post conference workshops conference the registration fees will be 25 . 000 pesetas ( about 150 ecu ) per participant , with reduced fees of 20 . 000 pesetas ( about 120 ecu ) for early registration by march 9 , 1998 , and 12 . 000 pesetas ( about 70 ecu ) for students . the fees cover the following services : a copy of the proceedings , a social dinner , coffee breaks and refreshments . for accompanying persons , the social dinner will be 6 . 000 pesetas ( about 35 ecu ) . pre conference workshops pre conference workshops are 5 , 000 pesetas each for those attending lrec and 10 , 000 pesetas each for those not attending lrec , and include a copy of the proceedings of the workshop and a coffee break . post conference workshop the 2 - day post conference workshop is 10 , 000 pesetas for those attending lrec and 20 , 000 pesetas for those not attending lrec , and includes a copy of the proceedings of the workshop and coffee breaks . registration willbe made only for those persons who have been invited to participate by the organizers . advance registration payment can be made using the registration forms below . registration can be made on-site and must be paid in cash , using pesetas . registration forms first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 28-30 may 1998 e-mail or fax to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain , tel + 34 58 24 41 00 , fax + 34 58 24 41 04 , reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es last name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postal / zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ web : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration payment form registration fees full participant * after march 9 , 1998 25 . 000 pesetas ( about 150 ecu ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ student * 12 . 000 pesetas ( about 70 ecu ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * registration fees include one copy of the proceedings , a social dinner , coffee breaks and refreshments . social dinner for accompanying persons 6 . 000 pesetas ( about 35 ecu ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pre conference workshops , may 26 - 27 , 1998 5 , 000 pesetas each for those attending lrec 10 , 000 pesetas each for those not attending lrec please indicate the workshops you plan to attend ( x ) _ _ _ _ _ """""""" linguistic coreference """""""" may 26 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ """""""" adapting lexical and corpus resources to sublanguages and applications """""""" may 26 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ """""""" the evaluation of parsing systems """""""" may 26 , afternoon session _ _ _ _ _ """""""" minimizing the effort for language resource acquisition """""""" may 26 , afternoon session _ _ _ _ _ """""""" towards an open european evaluation infrastructure for nl and speech """""""" may 27 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ """""""" language resources for european minority languages """""""" may 27 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ """""""" speech database development for central and eastern europeanlanguages """""""" may 27 , afternoon session _ _ _ _ _ """""""" distributing and accessing linguistic resources """""""" may 27 , afternoon session total number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ x 5 , 000 ( if attending lrec ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ x 10 , 000 ( if not attending lrec ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ post conference workshop , may 31 - june 1 * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """""""" translingual information management : current levels and future abilities """""""" * register only if you have been asked to participate and have confirmed with the organizers 10 , 000 ( if attending lrec ) 20 , 000 ( if not attending lrec ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ grand total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ method of payment you may pay by credit card ( visa , mastercard or eurocard only ; we cannot accept american express , diners club , etc . ) . you may also pay by banker 's cheque , bank transfer or by eurocheque . all payments must be in spanish pesetas . if payment is by banker 's cheque , bank transfer or by eurocheque , please send it by regular mail . if payment is by credit card , it may be faxed . please do not e-mail credit card numbers , as we cannot guarantee the security of our e-mail system , and because we require signatures . please indicate ( x ) one of the following four payment options : a ) _ _ _ _ i enclose a banker 's cheque in spanish pesetas payable to """""""" first international conference on language resources and evaluation """""""" . b ) _ _ _ _ i have transferred the full fees by bank transfer to your account at : banco central hispano , c / recogidas , 13 , 18002 granada . account name : first international conference on language resources and evaluation . account number : 0049 - 0372 - 18 - 2210856078 . i have told my bank to charge me / us with all bank charges so that """""""" first international conference on language resources and evaluation """""""" will receive the full fees . i enclose a copy of the bank transferpapers with the person ( s ) name written on the transfer . c ) _ _ _ _ please debit my visa / mastercard / eurocard account : amount : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card no : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ valid from : _ _ _ / _ _ _ to _ _ _ / _ _ _ ( as printed on your card ) cardholder 's name and address : last name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postal / zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ web : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature as on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ credit card charges will be processed in spanish pesetas . d ) _ _ _ _ i enclose eurocheque ( s ) for the full fees . i have written my eurocheque number on the back of each eurocheque . mail or fax to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es + 34 58 24 41 04 fax visit our website for further information http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra . html conference addresses the conference chair is antonio zampolli ( istituto di linguistica computazionale del cnr and president of elra ) . antonio zampolli - lrec istituto di linguistica computazionale del cnr via della faggiola , 32 56126 pisa , italy + 39 50 560 481 tel . + 39 50 555 013 fax pisa @ ilc . pi . cnr . it the secretariat of the conference , who will provide general information on the conference , is : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain + 34 58 24 41 00 tel . + 34 58 24 41 04 fax reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es conference program committee harald hoege , siemens , munich , germany bente maegaard , cst , copenhagen , denmark joseph mariani , limsi-cnrs , orsay , france angel martin municio , president of the real academia de ciencias , madrid , spain antonio zampolli , istituto di linguistica computazionale , pisa , italy exhibition an exhibition will be organised by elra . this exhibition is open to companies and projects wishing to promote , present and demonstrate their language resources products and prototypes to the wide range of experts and representatives from all over the world participating in the conference . for more information on this , please contact the elda office on elra-elda @ calva . net . elra for more information about elra ( the european language resources association ) , please contact : khalid choukri , elra ceo 55-57 , rue brillat savarin f - 75013 paris , france tel . + 33 1 43 13 33 33 fax . + 33 1 43 13 33 39 e - mail : elra @ calva . net web : http : / / www . icp . grenet . fr / elra / home . html
  """",0
  2373,""""Subject: hokan - penutian conference
   
   the 1998 hokan - penutian conference at the university of oregon , june 26-28 , 1998 . papers are invited on all aspects of languages customarily referred to under the rubrics of """""""" hokan """""""" or """""""" penutian """""""" , or other orphan languages of california and oregon . please send titles / abstracts by june 1 to : scott delancey dept . of linguistics university of oregon eugene , or 97403 or by e-mail : delancey @ darkwing . uoregon . edu
  """",0
  2374,""""Subject: franklin clipper ( esl / efl , etc . )
   
   = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = call for papers for the franklin clipper . the benjamin franklin institute of global education is dedicated to lifelong learning opportunities , whether thro traditional school divisions ( k-12 , college and university ) , or thro on-the - job training , whether for personal enrichment , career advancement or whichever other reasons seem reasonable to the individual learner . to that end , it announces its second annual """""""" virtual voyage , """""""" around the world on the franklin clipper , to set sail on columbus day weekend ( oct 11-12 , 1998 ) , in celebration of the independent learner and learning opportunities . our theme this year is : a return voyage to the world of distance education : its challenges and opportunities . this is the official call for papers for that internet-based conference , which plans to have a web-presence , chatrooms , and live participation from around the globe , making its way from the pacific rim to europe , across the atlantic to the usa , and ending its voyage where it began , 24 hours later . your participation is invited , as indicated below , in the form of papers discussing training and educational theory and practice , especially utilizing the internet and related technologies , to be submitted to the appropriate chairs below , by may 30 , 1998 . these papers should be approximately 2000-2500 words in length , and may be submitted in paper or electronic form , following discussion with the appropriate chair . the following """""""" masts """""""" or conference strands on the franklin clipper have been identified for your consideration and submission of papers : esl / efl : to teach or not to teach ? given the variety of cultural responses internationally to english as a second language , this """""""" mast """""""" will discuss not only how , but whether , to teach english in its various manifestations as a second language , as a vocational skill or a lingua franca for the 21st century . any level of educational experience and involvement may be appropriate for discussion . papers may be submitted to : duane p . flowers , purple dolphin language academy , 3-23 - 1-817 mitsuishidai , hashimoto - city , wakayama 648-0094 , japan . email submission to : < dpf @ wcsnet . or . jp > . access : primarily addressing issues of physical disability and adaptive technology for access to the internet , for example its use by deaf , blind or wheel-chair students and teachers , this mast may also concern itself with those issues of literacy and poverty that will also engage the attention of other """""""" masts """""""" on this ship . papers may be sent to : norman coombs < nrcgsh @ rit . edu > the appropriate technology : given differential technology between different sites , for example between students ' homes and institutional capabilities , this """""""" mast """""""" will discuss and display various possibilities of instructional capabilities in distance education and in residential campus enrichment of classes by current and predicted technology . papers may be sent to : roger boston , houston area community college system , 4310 dunlavy st . , room 116 , houston tx 77006 ( usa ) phone : 713 / 718-5224 ; fax : 713 / 718-5301 ; email : < boston _ r @ hccs . cc . tx . us > k-12 and k-99 : this mast will consider significant issues relevant to learning / training as a much needed lifelong activity . specific emphasis will be given to k-12 ( pre-college ) , adult , and senior-aged learning / training issues , including increasingly busy high school student schedules , business / industry needs for frequent retraining , and life-style enrichment . use of the www and other technology to enrich and successfully deliver frequently updated learning / training conveniently , according to the needs of the learners , will be considered . papers may be sent to : dr cliff layton < layton @ rogersu . edu > globalization : as a culture-changing phenomenon and an economic force , the multi-national economics of business has defenders as well as critics , from a free-market and an ecological point of view . this """""""" mast """""""" hopes to engage them in positive dialogue with one another . papers may be sent to : john mclaughlin , phd , dept of english , east stroudsburg university , e . stroudsburg , pa , 18301 ; email : < johnmc @ esu . edu > """""""" running thro the rigging , """""""" as we say in nautical language , will be skipper john hibbs ' """""""" conferencing and virtual exhibitions """""""" series of discussions , meant to engage the corporate interests who are fully aware of the educational and training implications of multi-site synchronous and asynchronous hosting in cyberspace , thro listservs , chatrooms , websites and other forms of electronic presentation . crossing with our masts , these discussions will involve all of the above thematic contents , as they matter to business and industry on the verge of the 21st century . correspondence may be addressed to : john hibbs < hibbs @ bfranklin . edu > john mclaughlin , phd chair , program committee gld-ii , aka the franklin clipper benjamin franklin institute of global education 241 jutland avenue , suite 2000 san diego , california 92117 ( usa ) website : http : / / www . bfranklin . edu email : hibbs @ bfranklin . edu = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = gld2 is provided world-wide by rogers university to all interested in distance learning . postings to gld2 express thoughts of the gld2 subscribers , and have not been endorsed by rogers university . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
  """",0
  2375,""""Subject: 3rd emnlp cfp
   
   call for participation - emnlp3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for participation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - third conference on empirical methods in natural language processing ( emnlp - 3 ) sponsored by acl sigdat tuesday , june 2 , 1998 granada , spain following the first international language resources and evaluation conference ( lrec ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - conference program 9 : 00-11 : 00 session 1 dynamic coreference - based summarization breck baldwin and thomas s . morton multilingual robust anaphora resolution ruslan mitkov and lamia belguith aligning clauses in parallel texts sotiris boutsis and stelios piperidis automatic insertion of accents in french text michel simard 11 : 00-11 : 30 coffee break 11 : 30 - 1 : 00 session 2 valence induction with a head - lexicalized pcfg glenn carroll and mats rooth metrics for corpus similarity and homogeneity adam kilgarriff and tony rose word - sense distinguishability and inter - coder agreement rebecca bruce and janyce wiebe 1 : 00 - 2 : 45 lunch 2 : 45 - 3 : 30 invited speaker statistical translation : where it went kevin knight , usc information sciences institute 3 : 30 - 4 : 30 session 3 category levels in hierarchical text categorization stephen d ' alessio , keitha murray , robert schiaffino , and aaron kershenbaum an empirical approach to text categorization based on term weight learning fumiyo fukumoto and yoshimi suzuki 4 : 30 - 5 : 00 coffee break 5 : 00 - 6 : 30 session 4 an empirical evaluation on statistical parsing of japanese sentences using lexical association statistics shirai kiyoaki , inui kentaro , tokunaga takenobu and tanaka hozumi japanese dependency structure analysis based on lexicalized statistics fujio masakazu and matsumoto yuji a natural criterion for maximum entropy / minimum divergence feature selection adam berger and harry printz - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration information registration forms are also available at http : / / www . cs . vassar . edu / ~ ide / emnlp3 . html registration fees : registration before may 13 : 8 , 500 pesetas ( $ 55 usd ) on - site registration : 11 , 000 pesetas ( $ 70 usd ) registration fees include one copy of the proceedings , coffee breaks and refreshments . methods of payment : * check in us dollars made payable to """""""" acl """""""" on a us bank ( address below ) * cash ( for on-site registrations only ) . * visa / mastercard - in us dollars . credit card payments using the form below may be faxed , sent by regular mail or emailed . note , however , that we cannot guarantee the security of credit card numbers in transit via email . payments may be sent to : email : emnlp3 @ cs . jhu . edu fax : + 1 410-516 - 6134 regular mail : emnlp3 c / o david yarowsky - sigdat department of computer science johns hopkins university 3400 n . charles street baltimore , md 21218-2694 usa - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration form last name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postal / zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ web : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ if paying by credit card : please debit my visa / mastercard account : amount : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card no : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ valid from : _ _ _ / _ _ _ to _ _ _ / _ _ _ cardholder 's name ( as printed on your card ) : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature as on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ credit card charges will be processed in us dollars . * pre - registrations cannot be accepted after may 13 , 1998 . any registration after this date must be made on site . * when submitting registrations , keep in mind the possibility of postal delays . e - mail registration avoids these delays . * registration fees are not refundable . * all registrants will receive a confirmation by e-mail . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - copies of the proceedings are available for $ 25 each and may be ordered from the above addresses . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - program chairs nancy ide ( chair ) department of computer science vassar college 124 raymond avenue poughkeepsie , new york 12604-0520 usa tel : ( + 1 914 ) 437 5988 fax : ( + 1 914 ) 437 7498 e - mail : ide @ cs . vassar . edu atro voutilainen ( co-chair ) research unit for multilingual language technology department of general linguistics p . o . box 4 ( keskuskatu 8 , 7th floor ) fin-00014 university of helsinki finland tel : ( + 358 9 ) 191 23 507 fax : ( + 358 9 ) 191 23 598 e - mail : atro . voutilainen @ ling . helsinki . fi program committee : steven abney , at&t laboratories - research , usa susan armstrong , issco , geneva , switzerland pascale fung , hong kong univ . of science and technology , hong kong gregory grefenstette , xerox research centre europe , france eduard hovy , usc / isi , usa dan jurafsky , university of colorado , boulder , usa kimmo koskenniemi , university of helsinki , finland hwee tou ng , dso national laboratories , singapore kemal oflazer , bilkent university , turkey peter schauble , eth zurich , switzerland keh yih su , national tsing - hua university , taiwan dan tufis , romanian academy of sciences , romania evelyne viegas , new mexico state university , usa further information : email : emnlp3 @ cs . vassar . edu web : http : / / www . cs . vassar . edu / ~ ide / emnlp3 . html http : / / www . cs . jhu . edu / ~ yarowsky / sigdat . html
  """",0
  2376,""""Subject: 6th manchester phonology meeting - programme
   
   provisional programme the north - west centre for linguistics and the universities of toulouse - le mirail and paris x - nanterre present the 6th manchester phonology meeting university of manchester ( uk ) thursday 21 may to saturday 23 may 1998 the provisional programme for the 6th manchester phonology meeting is now available on our web site ( http : / / www . art . man . ac . uk / german / 6mfm / prog . htm ) . there are 18 papers and 15 posters , including presentations by jacques durand ( universite de toulouse - le mirail ) , john harris ( university college london ) , francis katamba ( university of lancaster ) , glyne piggott ( mcgill university ) , john rennison ( university of vienna ) and norval smith ( university of amsterdam ) . if you would like to attend , please contact us by e-mailing wiebke . brockhaus @ man . ac . uk before 8 may 1998 . details of conference fee , travel and accommodation arrangements etc . can be accessed from the above web page . best wishes , the organisers : wiebke brockhaus ( university of manchester ) jacques durand ( universite de toulouse - le mirail ) bernard laks ( universite paris x - nanterre ) nigel vincent ( university of manchester )
  """",0
  2377,""""Subject: prolamat 98 : call for participation and program
   
   - - - - call for participation and program - - - - - i i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i i i i i i i i > > > ifip prolamat 98 < < < i i - - - - - - - i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i - - - - - - - i i i trento - italy september 9-11 , & 12 1998 i - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the call for papers has been very succesful : over 140 refereed papers will be presented at the conference in three technical tracks : 1 sharing experience from telecom use in industry for agility and innovation 2 human and machine communications , modeling , standard representation , reuse 3 telecom and agility impact on software technology for discrete manufacturing the program will include keynote speeches , an applied track organised in thematic sessions , and a selection of r&td projects co-financed by the european community on subject areas related to prolamat 98 . for information about program , registration fees , accomodation and forms , please find the call for participation and preliminary program on the prolamat 98 weekly updated web site : http : / / prolamat . cs . unitn . it please note that the deadline for the reduced registration fee is may 10 , 1998 , and that early registration and early travel & hotel booking is advisable . prof . gianni jacucci , conference chair
  """",0
  2378,""""Subject: minority languages in context
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * minority languages in context diversity and standardisation congress to be held in chur ( switzerland ) , 21st - 23rd september 1998 provisional program themes addressed by the congress the aim of the congress is to stimulate the study and discussion of contextual dimensions within which minority languages are spoken , shared and taught . the congress will provide a forum for the exchange and discussion of descriptive and comparative reports from a variety of regional and national settings including those in switzerland . the contexts within which minority languages evolve can be described from differing points of view along a continuum between two opposing poles . at one end of the continuum lay attempts to achieve stability and homogeneity which are usually articulated through projects aiming at the planning and normalisation of minority languages in order to present these codes as having equal status to adjacent majority languages . at the other end of the continuum we find destabilisation and heterogeneity observable at points of contact and overlap between minority and majority languages and often leading to hybrid forms which challenge traditional notions of linguistic code . these two poles involve a variety of actors and agents of differing social and institutional status , all exercising varying degrees of influence on the language situation in question . the congress will address three thematic areas highlighting the full range of this continuum . thematic area one : standardisation of minority languages thematic area two : minority and majority languages : coexistence , relationships and overlap . thematic area three : minority languages at school * * * * * * * congress events * * * * * * * * * * * * keynote speakers florian coulmas ( tokyo ) for theme 1 ; bernard poche ( grenoble ) and ben rampton ( london ) for theme 2 ; mehandra verma ( york ) for theme 3 . * * * * sessions the thematic development of each day will be provided by speakers reporting on data and research from numerous and diverse linguistic situations around the world . titles of contributions e . agurtzane ( eusal herriko unibertsitatea ) , compensatory linguistic strategies in the gradual death process of a minority language : evidence from some dying dialects of basque m . auzanneau ( paris 5 ) , pluralit et dynamiques socio-culturelles et linguistiques saint - louis du sngal r . bernardi ( spell urtiyei ) , spell - standardisierungsprojekt der ladinischen idiome in den dolomiten d . bradley ( la trobe ) , standardisation of transnational minority languages in asia : lisu and lahu r . cathomas ( fribourg ) , spracherhaltung und immersion ? r . coray ( fribourg ) , """""""" sprachliche minderheiten """""""" - eine sozialhistorische analyse eines grundbegriffs der schweizerischen sprachenpolitik h . correia ( paris 5 ) , regards croiss sur une varit migrante : le portugais s . dal negro ( bergamo ) , il ruolo dell ' italiano in alcuni sviluppi della morfosintassi walser j . - f . de pietro , c . de goumons , d . jeannot , c . perregaux , a . - m . broi ( irdp neuchtel ) , des activits d ' veil au langage et d ' ouverture aux langues l ' cole : vers une prise en compte des langues minoritaires s . dingwall , h . murray ( zrich ) , the future of english in switzerland : a majority / minority problem ? a . duchne , f . rosenbaum ( neuchtel ) , la consultation logopdique comme espace de rencontre des langues minoritaires et majoritaires e . m . eckkrammer ( salzburg ) , the standardization of papiamentu : new trends , problems and perspectives l . elle ( bautzen ) , mehrsprachige kommunikation aus der sicht einer kleinsprachen sorbisch im alltag der lausitz r . franceschini ( basel ) , la creativit dei margini linguistici di una citt : quali competenze di lingue minoritarie presso gli ' indigeni ' ? g . fuchs ( bern ) , """""""" . . . un pas vers la remise en cause du statut linguistique de notre commune """""""" . reaktionen auf die einfhrung von projekten mit zweisprachingen unterricht ab kindergarten - und grundschulstufe j . fnfschilling , l . mondada , k . mller ( basel ) , les processus de majorisation / minorisation dans des interactions scientifiques plurilingues j . - j . furer ( roveredo ) effets de la langue d ' enseignement sur la diffusion et l ' ancrage du romanche dans son aire traditionnelle r . furness , j . suls ( barcelona ) , the occitan language on both sides of the franco - spanisch border : problems in aranese occitan language codification m . heller , n . labrie , c . quell , s . roy ( toronto ) , prise de parole : la mondialisation et la transformation des discours identitaires chez une minorit linguistique c . m . kieffer ( paris ) , die arabische minderheitssprache in baktrien ( nord - afghanistan ) c . leralu ( argizabal ) , attitudes envers le basque dans le pays basque franais m . maquillo larruy ( poitiers ) , les choix linguistiques de la minorit lusophone en andorre m . matthey ( neuchtel ) , le code-switching rig en norme ? : a propos de l ' europanto h . - p . meier - dallach ( zrich ) , kleinsprachen in der touristischen marketing landschaft j . mills ( luton ) , cornish lexicography in the twentieth century : standardisation and divergence c . d . pusch ( freiburg ) , die standardisierung des aranesischen - zur komplexitt der sprachplanung in einer romanischen kleinsprache , dargestellt an der verschriftungspraxis c . riatsch ( bern ) , literarische reaktionen auf puristischen normdruck im bndnerromanischen s . m . shannon ( denver ) , changing status of irish as experienced through the all - irish schools movement : implications for minority / majority language bilingualism g . vermes , e . huet ( paris 8 ) , problmes de comptences mtalinguistiques en langue minorise et difficults d ' apprentissage de la lecture en langue dominante * * * * activities of the lia rumantscha and other projects from the graubnden region of switzerland the lia rumantscha will organise a visit to their institute where they will present their current theoretical and practical research projects addressing languages and education in graubnden . * * * * * activities of the swiss association of applied linguistics ( vals / asla ) during the congress the association will hold its annual general meeting . the vals / asla special interests groups ( sigs ) will organise parallel sessions focussing on their own topics : sig teaching languages for academic purposes : anton lachner ( anton . lachner @ aal . unibe . ch - http : / / www . aal . unibe . ch / vals ) ; sig fachsprachenforschung : jrg niederhauser ( juerg . niederhauser @ germ . unibe . ch ) ; sig lehrwerkautoren : francesca roncoroni ( francesca . roncoroni @ aal . unibe . ch ) . * * * * * a report from the federal commission on language learning and teaching in switzerland this commission was set up to investigate language learning and teaching in switzerland and make specific recommendations for the future to the cantonal education authorities . during the congress the commission will present its final report . ( see : http : / / www . romsem . unibas . ch / sprachenkonzept / ) * * * * * * activities of the fondazione lingue e culture this foundation will present its manifesto on languages and cultures in the multilingual and multicultural switzerland . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * practical organisation * * * * dates / venue : 21st - 23rd september 1998 , regional assembly building in chur ( switzerland ) * * * * accommodation : participants are kindly requested to book their own hotel rooms . the enclosed brochure lists hotels and prices . further information can be obtained through chur turismus , grabenstrasse 5 , ch 7002 chur , tel . + 41 / 81 / 252 . 18 . 18 , fax . + 41 / 81 / 252 . 90 . 76 . * * * * * enrolment : students : 70 . - ; members of vals / asla : 110 . - ; non-members : 130 . - ; dinner on tuesday evening : 50 . - . please pay using the the enclosed payment slip ( within switzerland ) or by bank transfer to the post giro account of the vals / asla : post office account no . 45-311 - 4 . * * * * * definitive program the definitive program will be sent out to all those who have enroled by around mid june . it will contain summaries of the all contributions as well as a detailed description of all other congress events . * * * * * for more informations , contact : lorenza mondada , romanisches seminar , stapfelberg 7 / 9 , ch 4051 basel . fax : + 41 / 61 / 267 . 12 . 86 , email : mondada @ ubaclu . unibas . ch _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ enrolment form minority languages in context diversity and standardisation 21st - 23rd september 1998 , chur , switzerland name : office address : private address : tel . : fax : email : i enrol as : [ ] student ( 70 . - chfr . ) [ ] member of vals / asla ( 110 . - chfr ) [ ] non-member ( 130 . - chfr ) [ ] i will attend dinner on tuesday evening ( 50 . - chfr ) total payable to vals / asla : . . . . . . . . . . . post office account no . 45-311 - 4 .
  """",0
  2379,""""Subject: yale working papers volume
   
   announcing a yale working papers volume : * * * * * * * yale * a - morphous * linguistics essays * * studies in the morphosyntax of clitics * * * * * * * contents : stephen r . anderson : - """""""" towards an optimal account of second position phenomena . """""""" - """""""" remarks on agreement and incorporation phenomena . """""""" k . david harrison : - """""""" the morphology of special np clitics : the definite article in albanian . """""""" stanley insler : - """""""" the phonological organization of the rigvedic clitic chain . """""""" lizanne kaiser : - """""""" cpr for korean type iii nominalizations . """""""" - """""""" the morphological cliticization of object - shifted weak pronouns in swedish . """""""" matthew richardson : - """""""" czech clitics : 2p or not 2p that is the question . """""""" jennifer vanloon : - """""""" pronominal morphology in sulimani kurdish . """""""" ordering information : $ 10 . 00 / volume . includes shipping within the u . s . please add an additional $ 2 . 00 for international orders . checks should be made out to """""""" yale university """""""" . for orders or inquiries , please contact : department of linguistics yale university p . o . box 208236 new haven , ct 06520-8236 e-mail : linguist @ yaleads . ycc . yale . edu telephone : ( 203 ) 432-2450 fax : ( 203 ) 432-4087
  """",0
  2380,""""Subject: nlp + ia ' 98 deadline extension may 5th
   
   * * * deadline extension * * * deadline extension * * * deadline extension * * * * * * * * one week till may 5th 1998 * * * * * call for papers & exhibits = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = appel aux communications & expositions = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = international conference on natural language processing and industrial applications nlp + ia 98 > > > special accent on computer assisted language learning < < < conference internationale sur le traitement automatique des langues et ses applications industrielles tal + ai 98 > > > attention speciale portee a l ' enseignement de la langue < < < august / aout 18 - 21 , 1998 moncton , new - brunswick , canada come to canada this summer . . . iwnlg august 5 - 7 in niagara - on-the - lake coling - acl & workshops august 10-16 in montreal nlp + ia / call august 18-21 in moncton topics of interest : the nlp study group ( gretal ) at l ' universite de moncton is organizing its second international conference on nlp and industrial applications . this year a special attention is given to computer assisted language learning & teaching . papers are invited on all aspects of natural language processing , including , but not limited to , * computer assisted language learning & teaching , * natural language understanding and generation of textual , spoken and hand-written language , * natural language interfaces to databases , expert systems , or industrial applications * machine translation , computer aided translation , translation aids , * syntax , semantics , pragmatics , lexicon , morphology , * dictionaries , corpora , & other language resources * multimodality * multilinguality * nlp industrial applications * papers of every kind that can help bridge the gap between the theory and practice of nlp in general and language learning in particular . language : authors are invited to submit preliminary versions of their papers not exceeding 400 words ( exclusive of references ) either in english or in french , the two official languages of the conference . proceedings would be published in the language of the submitted texts . final versions would be around 7 - 8 pages . submission : 1 ) the first page should be an identification page containing the title , the authors ' names , affiliations , addresses , a five ( 5 ) keyword list specifying the subject area , a five ( 5 ) line summary , and the name and address of the contact person . title / titre : authors info / auteurs et infos : keywords / mots clefs : summary / resume : contact person / personne contact : 2 ) abstracts should not exceed 400 words in length excluding references ( 12 pt , times roman , 1 inch margins ( 2 , 5 cm ) all around ; if using a4 please keep text within 19cm x 25 , 5 cm ) . 3 ) the identification page and the abstract should be submitted in 4 hard copies ( 12 pt , times roman , 1 inch margins ( 2 , 5 cm ) all around ; if using a4 please keep text within 19 cm x 25 , 5 cm ) to : nlp + ia 98 / tal + ai 98 pr . chadia moghrabi geta , clips , imag 385 rue de la bibliotheque bp 53 x 38041 grenoble cedex 9 france phone : + 33 4 76 51 4369 fax : + 33 4 76 51 4405 e - mail : nlp + ia-98 @ imag . fr 4 ) the identification page should also be e-mailed in plain text . refereeing : all submissions shall be refereed by three members of the program committee . international program committee : anne de roeck ( essex , uk ) arnold smith ( nrc , canada ) chadia moghrabi ( moncton , canada ) christian boitet ( geta , grenoble , france ) chrysanne dimarco ( logos , waterloo , canada ) eric wehrli ( geneva , switzerland ) eva hajicova ( charles u . , prague ) genvieve caelen - haumont ( geod , grenoble , france ) graeme hirst ( toronto , canada ) harry bunt ( tilburg , netherlands ) henry hamburger ( george mason , usa ) howard hamilton ( regina , canada ) jean - pierre chanod ( xerox , france ) johanna moore ( pennsylvania , usa ) john hutchins ( east anglia , uk ) john tait ( sunderland , uk ) junichi tsujii ( umist & tokyo , japan ) kathleen mccoy ( delaware , usa ) margaret king ( issco , switzerland ) manfred stede ( tu - berlin , germany ) marcel cori ( paris-7 , france ) mark seligman ( geta-clips & red pepper , usa ) michael levison ( queens , canada ) nicoletta calzolari ( ilc / cnr , pisa , italy ) pierre isabelle ( rali , montreal , canada ) pierrette bouillon ( geneva , switzerland ) paul tarau ( moncton , canada ) remi chadel ( inxight , xerox , france ) roberto basili ( roma , italy ) ruddy lelouche ( laval , canada ) susan armstrong ( issco , geneva , switzerland ) thierry chanier ( franche - comte , france ) thierry van steenberghe ( louvain - la - neuve , belgium ) veronica dahl ( simon fraser , canada ) yael ravin ( ibm , usa ) yorick wilks ( sheffield , uk ) schedule : submissions are due now on may 5th 1998 . notification of receipt will be mailed to the contact person soon after receipt . authors will be notified of acceptance by 15 june 1998 . camera - ready copies of final full papers must be received by the 1st of august 1998 along with registration fees . participants are also requested to indicate their intention to participate in the conference as soon as possible to the same e-mail address with the single word intention in the subject line . exhibits : anyone wishing to arrange an exhibit or present a demonstration should send a brief electronic description along with a specification of physical requirements ( table size , power , telephone connections , number of chairs , etc . ) to the same address with the single word exhibit in the subject line . other activities : accompanying persons can enjoy the lovely outdoor living in new - brunswick and visit the highest tides in the world . moncton is only 20km away from the sandy beaches of shediac , la capitale mondiale du homard . conference organization : the conference is organized by gretal , groupe d ' etude sur le traitement automatique des langues at the universite ' de moncton in cooperation with geta-clips at l ' universite ' joseph fourier in grenoble . the members of the organizing committee are : chadia moghrabi , professor of computer science , conference chair jalal almhana , director & professor of computer science julien chiasson , professor of computer science sadek eid , professor of industrial engineering , director manufacturing technology centre boubaker meddeb - hamrouni , researcher geta & winsoft paul tarau , professor of computer science
  """",0
  2381,""""Subject: tag + 1998
   
   * deadline for abstracts - april 30 , 1998 * tag tutorials - - announcement july 28 to july 31 , 1998 tag + workshop - - final call for papers august 1 to august 3 , 1998 philadelphia , pa , usa url : http : / / www . cis . upenn . edu / ~ ircs / mol / tag98 . html the fourth workshop on tree-adjoining grammars and related frameworks ( hence the + after tag ) will be held at the institute for research in cognitive science at the university of pennsylvania in august 1998 , from august 1 to august 3 . previous workshops were held at dagstuhl ( 1990 ) , upenn ( 1992 ) , and univ . paris 7 ( 1994 ) . prior to the workshop there will be a tutorial ( including labs and demos ) from july 28 to july 31 1998 . information about the tutorial is below , followed by information about the workshop . tutorial attendance = = = = = = = = = = the tutorial is open to anyone interested , though we request a pre-registration and we may limit attendance . we therefore suggest you indicate interest in attending to jennifer macdougall at the earliest date possible . ( see contact information below . ) travel stipends = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = a limited number of travel stipends will be available for graduate students ( i . e . , people studying towards a master 's or doctorate degree ) . this stipend will be limited to a maximum of us $ 600 . if you are interested in obtaining such a stipend , please send a message to jennifer macdougall at the address below . please include a one-page summary ( in ascii text format ) of your educational background and of your planned or present research , and indicate how the tutorial would enhance your education and / or planned research . ( information about accommodations will be provided at a later date . ) contact information = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = jennifer macdougall 553 moore building university of pennsylvania philadelphia , pa 19104-6389 usa telephone : ( 215 ) 898-3191 fax : ( 215 ) 898-0587 email : jmacdoug @ central . cis . upenn . edu proposed schedule = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = tuesday july 28 overview and introduction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - morning lectures * general introduction * formal overview * linguistic overview * lexicalized grammars afternoon lab session * intro to the xtag system * lab session with xtag wednesday july 29 computation and applications - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - morning lectures * parsing * supertagging and other stochastic approaches * synchronous tag * generation afternoon demos : * xtag - - second lab session * supertagger * other parsers * tag - based generation systems note : if you would like to demo a system , please let us know and we will include it . thursday july 30 tag , linguistic issues , and related grammatical systems - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - morning lectures * tag and generative grammar * tag and hpsg * tag and categorial grammars * tag and lfg afternoon lecture * grammar organization demos * grammar organization demos * mt demo friday july 31 selected advanced topics - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - morning and early afternoon lectures * advanced topics : formal and linguistics issues + coordination + scrambling + clitic climbing + lexical semantics + d - tree grammars + other topcis workshop papers on all aspects of tag ( linguistic , mathematical , computational , and applicational ) , as well as papers relating tags to other frameworks , are invited . as in the past there will be some invited talks on other grammar formalisms which have interesting relationships to tags ( for example , categorial grammars and hpsg ) . guidelines for abstracts : abstracts should be at most two pages ( exclusive of references ) , and should be submitted in ascii format , as a . ps file , or as self-contained latex file to jmacdoug @ central . cis . upenn . edu . ( if email is not available , please send the abstract to the address given below . ) please indicate on the abstract if you would prefer to give a short presentation ( 10 minutes ) or a long one ( 30 minutes ) . the abstract should contain your name , address , and email address . proceedings including extended versions ( 4 pages ) of accepted abstracts will be available at the workshop . deadline for submission for abstracts : april 30 ( extended ) notification of acceptance : may 15 deadline for submission of camera-ready extended abstract : july 6 workshop dates : august 1 to august 3 if you do not want to submit an abstract , but would like to attend , we would appreciate it if you could inform us by email by july 6 ( unless you have already done so ) . if you would like to present a demo , please let us know as soon as possible , including information about required hard and software . program committee : anne abeille ( universit ' e paris 7 ) tilman becker ( dfki ) christy doran ( university of pennsylvania ) robert frank ( johns hopkins university ) klaus netter ( dfki ) richard oehrle ( university of arizona ) owen rambow ( cogentex , inc . ) giorgio satta ( universita di padova ) yuka tateisi ( university of tokyo ) k . vijayshanker ( university of delaware ) david weir ( university of sussex ) contact address : jennifer macdougall 553 moore building university of pennsylvania philadelphia , pa 19104-6389 usa telephone : ( 215 ) 898-3191 fax : ( 215 ) 898-0587 email : jmacdoug @ central . cis . upenn . edu organizing committee : anne abeille ( paris 7 ) tilman becker ( dfki ) owen rambow ( cogentex , inc . ) giorgio satta ( universita di padova ) k . vijayshanker ( university of delaware )
  """",0
  2382,""""Subject: phonology
   
   certamen phonologicum iii pier marco bertinetto , livio gaeta , georgijetchev & david michaels ( eds ) , certamen phonologicum iii . papers from the third cortona phonology meeting , april 1996 . torino , rosenberg & sellier 1997 , pp . 291 , price lit . 63 . 000 ( approximately us $ 37 ) . isbn 88-7011 - 717 - 0 . general issues : hans basboll , on danish schwa . judith m . broadbent , a review of hume 's account of consonant vowel interactions in maltese arabic . bruce l . derwing , testing phonological universals in the laboratory . tobias scheer , vowel - zero alternations and their support for a theory of consonantal interaction . prosodic theory : caroline fery , the mora as a measure of weight and syllabic constituent . karijn helsloot , poetic meter is metrical prosody : phonological phrasing in italian bound and free verse . michael kenstowicz & hyang - sook sohn , phrasing and focus in northern kyungsang korean . italian dialects and phonological theory : matthew absalom & john hajek , raddoppiamento sintattico : wath happens when the theory is on too tight ? . mirco ghini , segments , prosodic units , and ambisyllabicity in ligurian . michele loporcaro , on vowel epenthesis in alguer catalan . michael l . mazzola , from stress in latin and romance to lexical stress in italian . stephan schmid , a typological view of syllable structure in some italian dialects . edward f . tuttle , preferential and pseudo-metathesis ( in italo - romance dialects ) .
  """",0
  2383,""""Subject: icslp abstracts due 1 may 98
   
   second call for papers for icslp ' 98 the 5th international conference on spoken language processing sydney convention & exhibition centre darling harbour , sydney australia 30th november 1998 - - 4th december 1998 hosted by the australian speech science & technology association inc . ( incorporating the 7th australian speech science & technology conference ) conference url http : / / cslab . anu . edu . au / icslp98 note : note : note : note : friday 1st may , 1998 paper summaries / abstracts due submission procedure submissions are invited in any of the following technical topic areas . a . human speech production , acoustic - phonetics and articulatory models b . human speech perception c . language acquisition : first and second languages d . spoken language and dialogue modelling ; dialogue systems e . isolated word recognition f . large vocabulary continuous speech recognition g . utterance verification and word spotting h . speaker adaptation and normalisation in speech recognition i . speaker and language recognition ; dialects and speaking styles j . multilingual perception and recognition k . signal processing , speech analysis and feature extraction l . robust speech processing in adverse environments m . hidden markov model techniques n . artificial neural networks , fuzzy and evolutionary algorithms o . spoken language understanding systems p . text - to - speech synthesis q . prosody and emotion ; focus , stress and accent r . speech coding s . spoken language generation systems ; concept - to - speech t . spoken language translation systems u . analysis of speech and hearing disorders v . speech processing for the speech - impaired and hearing - impaired w . segmentation , labelling and speech corpora x . speech technology applications and human - machine interfaces y . spoken language processing and multimodality z . other areas of spoken language processing format of submission acceptance of papers for presentation at the conference will be on the basis of reviewed summaries . you should submit a summary of your paper comprising approximately 500 words . at the top of the page , please specify the following corresponding author contact details : full name full postal mail address email address fax number phone number proposed paper details : paper title author list topic id ( a - z ) four additional keywords presentation preference ( oral , poster , student day ) the topic id should be a single category from the topic list specified as an alphabetic letter ; if your submission falls within the broad area of spoken language processing but is not explicitly represented in the topic list , please use the z category . the four additional keywords are requested in order to assist the programme committee in assigning reviewers . means of submission ( of summaries / abstracts ) electronic submission of summaries via the world wide web is preferred : a summary submission form is available at http : / / cslab . anu . edu . au / icslp98 . alternatively , a pro-forma for email submission can be obtained from this url or by emailing """""""" icslp98 @ tourhosts . com . au """""""" ; email submissions should be sent to """""""" icslp98 @ one . net . au """""""" . if electronic submission is not possible , postal submissions ( 4 copies ) to the icslp ' 98 secretariat address specified below will be accepted provided that they adhere to the above format . please do not use fax . restrictions on submissions ( of summaries / abstracts ) please note that only ascii summaries written in english will be accepted : do not include any attachments , graphics , or embedded formatting commands . given the large number of submissions we expect to receive , anything that cannot be printed directly will be rejected without consideration . acknowledgement of receipt you should receive an acknowledgement of receipt within 72 hours of electronically submitting your summary . if this does not happen , then you should resend your submission by email to """""""" icslp98 @ one . net . au """""""" with the word resubmission at the beginning of the subject line . if an acknowledgement is still not forthcoming , an email problem should be assumed , and the summary submitted by fax . please do not resubmit or send by fax for any other reasons than lack of acknowledgement from the conference . conditions of acceptance all papers must be presented in english by one of the listed authors ; that author will be required to register no later than the full-paper submission date . summaries will not be accepted after the submission date . please note : the deadline of may 1st for receipt of submissions is firm . the tight scheduling of our review process means that late submissions cannot be accepted . student day submissions students wishing to submit papers for the sst student day should submit summaries as above . these submissions will be separately reviewed and published under the banner of the 7th australian speech science & technology conference and will also be included on the cdrom containing the icslp ' 98 proceedings . submission addresses world wide web : via """""""" http : / / cslab . anu . edu . au / icslp98 e - mail submission : icslp98 @ one . net . au postal : icslp ' 98 secretariat , gpo box 128 , sydney nsw 2001 , australia technical queries : robert dale ( rdale @ mpce . mq . edu . au ) general information : """""""" icslp98 @ tourhosts . com . au """""""" conference secretariat tour hosts conference & exhibition organisers gpo box 128 sydney nsw 2001 , australia important dates friday 1st may , 1998 paper summaries due for review friday 26th june , 1998 acceptance notification friday 21st august , 1998 deadline for full-paper submission conference coordinating committee peter blamey ( financial ) university of melbourne bruce millar ( technical ) australian national university julie vonwiller ( organisation ) university of sydney / appen technical programme committee robert dale ( chair ) microsoft research institute roberto togneri ( deputy chair ) university of western australia denis burnham university of new south wales michael wagner university of canberra sst student day committee franz clermont ( co - chair ) university of new south wales michael barlow ( co - chair ) university of new south wales ingrid ahmer university of south australia robin king university of south australia parham mokhtari university of new south wales international advisory board souguil j . m . ann , seoul national university , korea jens p . blauert , ruhr - universitaet , germany michael brooke , university of bath , united kingdom timothy bunnell , university of delaware , usa anne cutler , max - planck - institute for psycholinguistics , netherlands hiroya fujisaki , science university of tokyo , japan julia hirschberg , at&t bell laboratories , usa bjorn granstrom , royal institute of technology , sweden lin - shan lee , national taiwan university , taiwan roger moore , defence research authority , united kingdom john j . ohala , university of california , berkeley , usa louis c . w . pols , university of amsterdam , netherlands christel sorin , centre nationale d ' etude des telecommunications , france yoh ' ichi tohkura , atr human information processing laboratories , japan jialu zhang , academia sinica , china australian consultative committee yianni attikiouzel , university of western australia robert bogner , university of adelaide john clark , university of western sydney mary o'kane , university of adelaide roger wales , university of melbourne and representatives of financial sponsors . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - karen croot school of communication sciences & disorders faculty of health sciences , university of sydney po box 170 lidcombe nsw australia 2141 phone : 02 9351-9694 ( within australia ) , + 61 2 9351-9694 ( international ) . facsimile : 02 9351-9977
  """",0
  2384,""""Subject: """""""" language resources for european minority languages """"""""
   
   pre - final programme and call for participation workshop on """""""" language resources for european minority languages """""""" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - wednesday may 27 1998 ( morning ) , granada , spain in association with the first international conference on language resources and evaluation , may 28-30 1998 , granada , spain programme : 8 : 00 registration 8 : 30 welcome and introduction 8 : 40 """""""" overview of minority languages in europe """""""" . marc alemany ( catalan sociolinguistic institute ) . 9 : 00 """""""" vocatel and vogatel : two telephone speech databases of spanish minority languages ( catalan and galician ) """""""" . luis villarrubia , paloma leon , luis hernandez ( speech technology group , telefonica i&d , madrid , spain ) ; climent nadeu , ignasi esquerra , javier hernando ( dept . tsc , universitat polite ' cnica de catalunya , barcelona , spain ) ; carmen garcia - mateo , laura docio ( etsit de telecomunicacio ' n , universidad de vigo , vigo , spain ) . 9 : 20 """""""" written linguistic resources in catalan : the dcc project """""""" . joan soler bou ( institut d ' estudis catalans , barcelona , spain ) . 9 : 40 """""""" the melin project """""""" . donncha o ' cro ' ini ' n ( institiu ' id teangeolai ' ochta e ' ireann / linguistics institute of ireland , dublin , ireland ) . 10 : 00 coffee 10 : 30 """""""" a framework for the automatic processing of basque """""""" . i . aldezabal , o . ansa , j . m . arriola , a . di ' az de ilarraza , n . ezeiza , a . maritxalar , m . oronoz , k . sarasola ( euskal herriko unibertsitatea , spain ) ; i . aduriz , m . urkia ( uzei , donostia , spain ) . 10 : 50 """""""" towards the creation of new galician language resources : from a printed dictionary to the galician wordnet """""""" . fernando magan ( ramo ' n pin ~ eiro research center for humanities , santiago de compostela , spain ) . 11 : 10 poster session 1 ( odd-numbered authors at posters ) 11 : 50 poster session 2 ( even-numbered authors at posters ) 12 : 30 plenary 13 : 30 end = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = poster papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 """""""" a tagger environment for galician """""""" . m . vilares , j . gran ~ a ( universidad de corunna , spain ) ; t . araujo , d . cabrero , i . diz ( ramo ' n pin ~ eiro research center for humanities , santiago de compostela , spain ) . 2 """""""" a bilingual spanish - catalan database of units for concatenative synthesis """""""" . i . esquerra , a . bonafonte , f . vallverdu ' , a . febrer ( universitat polite ' cnica de catalunya , barcelona , spain ) . 3 """""""" methods and tools for building the catalan wordnet """""""" . l . beni ' tez , s . cervell , g . escudero , m . lo ' pez , g . rigau , m . taule ' ( universitat polite ' cnica de catalunya , barcelona , spain ; universitat de barcelona ) . 4 """""""" lemmatisation of the corpus of cornish """""""" . j . mills ( university of luton , england , uk ) . 5 """""""" speechdat cymru : a large-scale telephony welsh database """""""" . r . j . jones , j . s . mason ( univ . of wales , swansea , wales , uk ) ; l . helliker , m . pawlewski ( bt labs , ipswich , england , uk ) . 6 """""""" kgb project : tools and resources for breton language learning """""""" . j . siroux , h . gourmelon , g . mercier , j - p . messager ( enssat , lannion , france ) . 7 """""""" a speech database in basque language """""""" . k . lo ' pez de ipin ~ a , i . torres , l . on ~ ederra ( euskal herriko unibertsitatea , spain ) . 8 """""""" an overview of the existing language resources for ' gallego ' """""""" . c . garci ' a - mateo ( universidade de vigo , spain ) ; m . gonza ' lez - gonza ' lez ( universidade de santiago , spain ) . 9 """""""" language standardisation and linguistic resources : the case of central ladin ( dolomites ) """""""" . f . ciochetti ( istitut ladin , vigo di fassa , italy ) ; f . pianesi ( irst , trento , italy ) . 10 """""""" the le-parole project and the national corpus of irish """""""" . d . o ' cro ' ini ' n , e . ui ' dhonnchadha ( institiu ' id teangeolai ' ochta e ' ireann / linguistics institute of ireland , dublin , ireland ) . 11 """""""" design of a phonetic corpus for speech recognition in catalan """""""" . i . esquerra , c . nadeu ( universitat polite ' cnica de catalunya , barcelona , spain ) ; l . villarrubia , p . leo ' n ( telefo ' nica investigacio ' n y desarrollo , madrid , spain ) . 12 """""""" levels of annotation for a welsh speech database for phonetic research """""""" . b . williams ( university of edinburgh , scotland , uk ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - workshop scope and aims : the minority or """""""" lesser used """""""" languages of europe ( e . g . basque , welsh , breton ) are under increasing pressure from the major languages . some of them ( e . g . gaelic ) are becoming endangered , but others ( e . g . catalan ) are in a stronger position , with a certain amount of official recognition and funding . however , the situation with regard to language resources is fragmented and disorganised . some minority languages have been adequately researched linguistically , but most have not , and the vast majority do not yet possess basic speech and language resources ( such as text and speech corpora ) which are sufficient to permit commercial development of products . if this situation were to continue , the minority languages of europe would fall a long way behind the major languages , as regards the availability of commercial speech and language products . this in turn will accelerate the decline of those languages that are already struggling to survive , as speakers are forced to use the majority language for interaction with these products . to break this vicious circle , it is important to encourage the development of basic language resources . the workshop is a very small first step towards encouraging the development of such resources . the aim is to share information , so that isolated researchers will not need to start from nothing . an important aspect will be the forming of personal contacts , which at present do not exist . the aim is to make it easier for isolated researchers with little funding and no existing corpora to begin developing a usuable speech or text database . there will be a balance between presentations of existing language resources , and more general presentations designed to give background information . organisers : briony williams university of edinburgh , scotland , uk climent nadeu universitat politecnica de catalunya , catalunya , spain alex monaghan dublin city university , ireland contact ( on * academic * matters only - registration information is below ) : briony williams cstr 80 south bridge edinburgh eh1 1hn scotland , uk email : briony @ cstr . ed . ac . uk tel : + 44 1 31 650 2790 fax : + 44 1 31 650 6351 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration information for lrec and pre and post conference workshops conference the registration fees will be 25 . 000 pesetas ( about 150 ecu ) per participant , with reduced fees of 20 . 000 pesetas ( about 120 ecu ) for early registration by march 9 , 1998 , and 12 . 000 pesetas ( about 70 ecu ) for students . the fees cover the following services : a copy of the proceedings , a social dinner , coffee breaks and refreshments . for accompanying persons , the social dinner will be 6 . 000 pesetas ( about 35 ecu ) . pre conference workshops pre conference workshops are 5 , 000 pesetas each for those attending lrec and 10 , 000 pesetas each for those not attending lrec , and include a copy of the proceedings of the workshop and a coffee break . post conference workshop the 2 - day post conference workshop is 10 , 000 pesetas for those attending lrec and 20 , 000 pesetas for those not attending lrec , and includes a copy of the proceedings of the workshop and coffee breaks . registration willbe made only for those persons who have been invited to participate by the organizers . advance registration payment can be made using the registration forms below . registration can be made on-site and must be paid in cash , using pesetas . registration forms first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 28-30 may 1998 e-mail or fax to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain , tel + 34 58 24 41 00 , fax + 34 58 24 41 04 , reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es last name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postal / zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ web : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration payment form registration fees full participant * after march 9 , 1998 25 . 000 pesetas ( about 150 ecu ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ student * 12 . 000 pesetas ( about 70 ecu ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * registration fees include one copy of the proceedings , a social dinner , coffee breaks and refreshments . social dinner for accompanying persons 6 . 000 pesetas ( about 35 ecu ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pre conference workshops , may 26 - 27 , 1998 5 , 000 pesetas each for those attending lrec 10 , 000 pesetas each for those not attending lrec please indicate the workshops you plan to attend ( x ) _ _ _ _ _ """""""" linguistic coreference """""""" may 26 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ """""""" adapting lexical and corpus resources to sublanguages and applications """""""" may 26 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ """""""" the evaluation of parsing systems """""""" may 26 , afternoon session _ _ _ _ _ """""""" minimizing the effort for language resource acquisition """""""" may 26 , afternoon session _ _ _ _ _ """""""" towards an open european evaluation infrastructure for nl and speech """""""" may 27 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ """""""" language resources for european minority languages """""""" may 27 , morning session _ _ _ _ _ """""""" speech database development for central and eastern europeanlanguages """""""" may 27 , afternoon session _ _ _ _ _ """""""" distributing and accessing linguistic resources """""""" may 27 , afternoon session total number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ x 5 , 000 ( if attending lrec ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ x 10 , 000 ( if not attending lrec ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ post conference workshop , may 31 - june 1 * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ """""""" translingual information management : current levels and future abilities """""""" * register only if you have been asked to participate and have confirmed with the organizers 10 , 000 ( if attending lrec ) 20 , 000 ( if not attending lrec ) sub total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ grand total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ method of payment you may pay by credit card ( visa , mastercard or eurocard only ; we cannot accept american express , diners club , etc . ) . you may also pay by banker 's cheque , bank transfer or by eurocheque . all payments must be in spanish pesetas . if payment is by banker 's cheque , bank transfer or by eurocheque , please send it by regular mail . if payment is by credit card , it may be faxed . please do not e-mail credit card numbers , as we cannot guarantee the security of our e-mail system , and because we require signatures . please indicate ( x ) one of the following four payment options : a ) _ _ _ _ i enclose a banker 's cheque in spanish pesetas payable to """""""" first international conference on language resources and evaluation """""""" . b ) _ _ _ _ i have transferred the full fees by bank transfer to your account at : banco central hispano , c / recogidas , 13 , 18002 granada . account name : first international conference on language resources and evaluation . account number : 0049 - 0372 - 18 - 2210856078 . i have told my bank to charge me / us with all bank charges so that """""""" first international conference on language resources and evaluation """""""" will receive the full fees . i enclose a copy of the bank transferpapers with the person ( s ) name written on the transfer . c ) _ _ _ _ please debit my visa / mastercard / eurocard account : amount : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card no : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ valid from : _ _ _ / _ _ _ to _ _ _ / _ _ _ ( as printed on your card ) cardholder 's name and address : last name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ first name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ affiliation : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ street address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ state / province : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ postal / zip code : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e - mail : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ web : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature as on card : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ credit card charges will be processed in spanish pesetas . d ) _ _ _ _ i enclose eurocheque ( s ) for the full fees . i have written my eurocheque number on the back of each eurocheque . mail or fax to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es + 34 58 24 41 04 fax visit our website for further information http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra . html conference addresses the conference chair is antonio zampolli ( istituto di linguistica computazionale del cnr and president of elra ) . antonio zampolli - lrec istituto di linguistica computazionale del cnr via della faggiola , 32 56126 pisa , italy + 39 50 560 481 tel . + 39 50 555 013 fax pisa @ ilc . pi . cnr . it the secretariat of the conference , who will provide general information on the conference , is : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain + 34 58 24 41 00 tel . + 34 58 24 41 04 fax reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es conference program committee harald hoege , siemens , munich , germany bente maegaard , cst , copenhagen , denmark joseph mariani , limsi-cnrs , orsay , france angel martin municio , president of the real academia de ciencias , madrid , spain antonio zampolli , istituto di linguistica computazionale , pisa , italy exhibition an exhibition will be organised by elra . this exhibition is open to companies and projects wishing to promote , present and demonstrate their language resources products and prototypes to the wide range of experts and representatives from all over the world participating in the conference . for more information on this , please contact the elda office on elra-elda @ calva . net . elra for more information about elra ( the european language resources association ) , please contact : khalid choukri , elra ceo 55-57 , rue brillat savarin f - 75013 paris , france tel . + 33 1 43 13 33 33 fax . + 33 1 43 13 33 39 e - mail : elra @ calva . net web : http : / / www . icp . grenet . fr / elra / home . html
  """",0
  2385,""""Subject: logic course on the internet
   
   call for participation logic course on the internet : dynamic semantics the institute for logic , language and computation and the dutch graduate school in logic hereby announce the second electronic course on dynamic semantics . this is lectured mainly over the internet and is intended for an international audience . the course is given by david beaver ( csli , stanford ) , paul dekker and willem groeneveld ( both illc , amsterdam ) . the course is meant for phd students and advanced undergraduates who are familiar with basic notions of logic and model-theoretic semantics , and who share an interest in the formal analysis of the semantics and pragmatics of natural language . the course consists of two parts . the first part ( may 25 to july 10 ) is given entirely on the world wide web . all communication ( including an electronic classroom , readers , collaboration on exercises etc . ) then takes place over the internet . after a five weeks break , the course continues on a face to face basis at the summer school ( august 17 - - 28 in saarbruecken ) . the course offers room for a limited number ( 20 ) of participants . people who are interested are adviced to subscribe before may 5 - th to """""""" dekker @ philo . uva . nl """""""" , and include a sketch of background , education and interests . for more information the reader may consult the course plan at : http : / / turing . wins . uva . nl / ~ pdekker / course / plan . html david beaver , paul dekker , willem groeneveld institute for logic , language and computation university of amsterdam
  """",0
  2386,""""Subject: ellipsis in conjunction
   
   call for papers , focus group , zas , berlin , oct . 2 - 3 , 1998 workshop on ellipsis in conjunction in view of the growing interest in conjunction ellipsis this workshop is an attempt to promote the communication and bridge the gaps between different approaches within the framework of generative syntax . the workshop will concentrate on the following issues : ( 1 ) the structure of a conjunction construction . is the base-generated structure of a coordinate construction a double-headed structure ( williams 1994 ) , or does it have the second conjunct right-adjoined to the first conjunct ( reinhart 1991 ) , or is it a projection of a conjunction word ( &p ) ( munn1987 ) , or something else ? ( 2 ) the possible categories to be conjoined . must a conjunct be a clause or an extended projection ( excluding smaller xp - types ) ? must a conjunct be an xp ( excluding head and x ' ) ? and how are ' asymmetrical coordinations ' analyzed if only ' like ' categories can be conjoined ? ( 3 ) the analyses of ellipsis and gapping constructions . the verb gapping construction , for instance , has been analyzed as rightward np movement followed by an identical constituent deletion ( jayaseelan 1990 ) , across - the - board verb movement ( johnson 1996 ) , and deletion licensed in lf ( wilder 1997 ) . in addition , it remains to be shown how to account for the relationships between vp ellipsis , pseudogapping and gapping . furthermore , a general study of sluicing is required to cover wh in-situ languages where slucing does not alternate with an overt movement to eliminate strong features of a wh question ( lasnik 1997 ) . ( 4 ) the analysis of similarities and differences among various types of reduction . how and why do coordinative , comparative , and exception conjunction ellipses share properties and differ from each other syntactically , and / or semantically ? are the properties of forwad deletion and backward deletion related to lf and pf respectively , as claimed by wilder ( 1997 ) ? ( 5 ) the constraints on the ellipsis constructions . what are the language-specific properties that might interact with the representations of conjunction ellipsis ? are there any ellipsis or gapping rules in ug ? ( 6 ) the connection between conjunction ellipsis and information structure . to what extent are such ellipses determined by information structural aspects like focus background structuring ? ( 7 ) studies of conjunction ellipsis of a greater variety of languages . invited speakers : danny fox tilman hoehle kyle johnson jason merchant alan munn craig thiersch chris wilder organizers : kerstin schwabe , niina zhang , horst - dieter gasde , and andre meinunger the deadline for receipt of abstracts is july 1 , 1998 . please send your abstract ( 1 a4 / letter - size max ) to : dr . niina zhang zas jaegerstr . 10-11 10117 berlin germany tel : 49-30 - 20192572 fax : 49-30 - 20192402 email : ellipsis @ zas . gwz-berlin . de we accept abstracts by fax , email , as well as regular mail . the selection of the abstracts for presentation will be finished by the end of august . zentrum fur allgemeine sprachwissenschaft ( zas ) http : / / www . zas . gwz-berlin . de
  """",0
  2387,""""Subject: non - lexical semantics
   
   conference schedule ( preferably ) non-lexical semantics the conference will take place at the university of paris 7 , 2 place jussieu , 75005 paris ( metro : jussieu ) , conference room of the """""""" insititut monod """""""" at the ground level of the tour 42 . schedule : thursday , may 28 8 : 30 - 9 : 00 registration 9 : 00 - 9 : 35 alexander grosu ( tel aviv ) """""""" the ' filter ' status of carlsonian contexts """""""" 9 : 35-10 : 05 roger schwarzschild and karina wilkinson """""""" quantifier scope in clausal comparatives """""""" 10 : 05-10 : 40 : philippe schlenker ( ucla ) """""""" clausal equation : a solution to the connectivity problem """""""" break 11 : 00-11 : 35 j . marc authier ( penn state ) """""""" on some properties of structure based semantic conditions """""""" 11 : 35-12 : 10 vivienne fong ( singapore ) and arto antila ( boston ) """""""" two cases of partitivity """""""" 12 : 10-12 : 45 claire gronemeyer ( lund ) """""""" the syntactic basis of evidentiality in lithuanian """""""" break 14 : 30-15 : 05 richard breheny ( london ) """""""" a quantificational approach to weak and strong interpretation of definites """""""" 15 : 05-15 : 40 robert van rooy ( amsterdam ) """""""" in situ interpretation of definites , indefinites and presuppositions by indexedactuality operators """""""" break 16 : 00-16 : 35 lisa matthewson ( mit ) """""""" the interpretation of wide-scope indefinites : evidence from st ' t ' imcets """""""" 16 : 35-17 : 10 ilena comorovski ( nancy ) """""""" adverbial quantification and backwards anaphora """""""" 18 : 00-19 : 00 ede zimmermann invited lecture friday , may 29 9 : 00 - 9 : 35 almerindo ojeda ( davis ) """""""" the interpretation of singularity """""""" 9 : 35-10 : 10 martin hackl and jon nissenbaum ( mit ) """""""" variable modal force in for - infinitival clauses """""""" 10 : 10-10 : 45 r . zuber ( cnrs ) """""""" atomicity and semantics """""""" break 11 : 05-11 : 40 frederike moltmann ( new york ) """""""" apparent quantifiers of higher types and nonreferential complements """""""" 11 : 40-12 : 15 georges rebuschi ( paris 3 ) """""""" e - type pronouns and quantification """""""" 12 : 15-12 : 50 henriette de swart ( utrecht ) """""""" pragmatics of scope """""""" break 14 : 30-15 : 05 kristin m . eide and tor a . aafarli ( norway ) """""""" generalized multifunctionality : how language recycles meaning """""""" 15 : 05-15 : 40 : zygmunt frajzyngier ( bulder ) """""""" towards a methodology for discovery of meaning of grammatical forms """""""" break 16 : 00-16 : 35 daniel lacombe ( paris7 ) """""""" la creativite logico-syntaxique du francais non-standard """""""" 16 : 35-17 : 10 arthur merin ( stuttgart ) """""""" the relevance of relevance : political economy of presupposition in a probability theory """""""" 17 : 10-17 : 45 joseph quer ( utrecht ) """""""" the contribution ofmood shift to interpretation : free relatives and conditional readings """""""" break 18 : 00-19 : 00 pauline jacobson ( brown ) invited lecture 19 : 00 : wine and cheese party saturday may 30 9 : 00-10 : 00 savas tsohatzidis ( saloniki ) invited lecture break 10 : 15-10 : 50 : jacques jayez ( paris ) """""""" a proof-theoretic non-scalar account of scalar inferences """""""" 10 : 50-11 : 25 regine eckardt ( konstanz ) """""""" the proper scope of event quantification """""""" 11 : 25-12 : 00 xiao lu ( rochester ) """""""" verb class , aspect , and the chinese verb de - construction """""""" 12 : 00-12 : 35 markus kracht ( berlin ) """""""" on the semantics of locatives """""""" alternates : 1 . akira ikeya ( toyo gakuen university ) : the predicate - argument structure of english and japanese adjectives """""""" 2 . rusudan asatiani ( tbilisi ) : the semantics and functions of yes / no particles ( on the date of the georgial language ) 2 . resistration fee : 90 ff ( this includes the wine and cheese party )
  """",0
  2388,""""Subject: language and cognitive processes
   
   the following is the list of contents of the forthcoming issue of the journal language and cognitive processes . vol . 12 5 / 6 pages 505-892 october / december 1997 preface gerry t . m . altmann 505 on the inseparability of grammar and the lexicon : evidence from acquisition , aphasia , and real - time processing elizabeth bates and judith c . goodman 507 reflections on phonological bootstrapping : its role in lexical and syntactic acquisition anne christophe , teresa guasti , marina nespor , emmanuel dupoux and brit van ooyen 587 integrating form and meaning : a distributed model of speech perception m . gareth gaskell and william d . marslen - wilson 615 syllabification in speech production : evaluation of weaver ardi roelofs 659 the time course of activation of semantic information during spoken word recognition helen e . moss , samantha f . mccormick and lorraine k . tyler 697 semantic errors as neuropsychological evidence for the independence and the interaction of orthographic and phonological word forms gabriele miceli and rita capasso 735 structure and function in the lexical system : insights from distributed models of word reading and lexical decision david c . plaut 767 a connectionist model of the arabic plural system kim plunkett and ramin charles nakisa 809 abstracts 839 volume 12 contents , author index 891 further information and subscription details from the psychology press , 27 church road , hove , e . sussex bn3 2fa , uk . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = dr . gerry t . m . altmann g . altmann @ psych . york . ac . uk department of psychology university of york tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1904 434362 heslington , york y01 5dd . uk . fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 1904 433181 homepage : http : / / www . york . ac . uk / ~ gtma1 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
  """",0
  2389,""""Subject: history of linguistic ideas
   
   the henry sweet society for the history of linguistic ideas fifteenth annual colloquium : amsterdam , 16th - 19th september 1998 second circular date and venue the colloquium is scheduled to begin with registration at 1 p . m . on wednesday 16 september , and to finish with breakfast on saturday 19 september . there will be associated events on wednesday and thursday evenings . registration and papers will take place in amsterdam university 's doelenzaal and its oudemanhuispoort facility . both locations are in the centre of amsterdam and can be easily reached by public transport . there will be a special bus on thursday and friday mornings for participants from hotel casa 400 . amsterdam , the capital of the netherlands , has the largest historical inner city in europe and the beautiful canals , monumental buildings , museums , world famous art galleries , open air markets and shopping streets can easily be explored on foot , should you have time before or after the colloquium . accommodation and travel a number of rooms have been booked for colloquium participants at hotel casa 400 . a list of low budget or more expensive hotels will be provided on request . amsterdam is easily accessible by air , rail and road . there is a direct rail connection to amsterdam from schiphol international airport located about 10 miles from the city centre . the city of amsterdam discourages its citizens from using cars , which means that there is no free parking either at the hotel or in the vicinity . detailed travel arrangements will be sent to those who have made bookings . keynote speaker we are delighted to announce that reinier salverda , professor of dutch at university college london , has agreed to be our keynote speaker . his topic will be """""""" dutch linguists around 1900 : a critical reappraisal """""""" . a book of abstracts will be made available to participants at the beginning of the colloquium . speakers who wish to make any adjustments to their abstracts should do so before 31 may . provisional lecture programme wednesday 16 september . 13 00arrival and registration 14 30r . schreyer ( aachen ) , """""""" john wilkins , the man in the moone and everything : on links and hyperlinks in the history of ideas """""""" . 15 00m . m . iserman ( heidelberg ) , """""""" sounds and their signs in john wilkin 's essay """""""" . 15 30n . wilding ( rome ) , """""""" galilean linguistics """""""" . 16 00tea 16 30i . zwiep ( amsterdam ) , """""""" hebrew studies at the time of the counter - refomation : the reception of bellarmine 's institutiones """""""" . 17 00a . j . klijnsmit ( amsterdam ) , """""""" vossius , spinoza and schultens : the application of analogia in hebrew grammar """""""" . 18 00dinner 20 00r . salverda ( london ) , """""""" dutch linguistics around 1900 : a critical reappraisal """""""" . thursday 17 september 09 30j . privratska ( prague ) , """""""" the reflections of comenius language endeavours in the encyclopaedia comeniana """""""" . 10 00j . mills ( luton ) , """""""" twentieth - century cornish lexicography and language revival """""""" . 10 30p . j . lucas ( dublin ) , """""""" john minshew , polymath and poseur : old english in an early seventeenth-century dictionary """""""" . 11 00coffee 11 30l . kelly ( cambridge ) , """""""" michel foucault , richard mckeon and grammatica speculativa """""""" . 12 00j . murphy ( davis , ca ) , """""""" early modern grammarians who write about rhetoric """""""" . 13 15lunch 14 30w . e . mcmahon ( akron , oh ) , """""""" revisiting the concept of logical form """""""" . 15 00b . godart - wendling ( paris ) , """""""" la place de la semantique dans les premieres grammaires categorielles """""""" . 15 30l . shi - xu ( singapore ) , """""""" the poetics of formalism and functionalisn : understanding linguistic science as discourse """""""" . 16 00tea 16 30m . j . van der wal ( leiden ) , """""""" feral children in the netherlands : an eighteenth-century case within its european context """""""" . 17 00l jooken ( louvain ) , """""""" james hutton 's synthesis of epistemolinguistic issues at the end of the scottish enlightenment """""""" . 17 30r . steadman - jones ( cambridge ) , """""""" face and race in the early nineteenth century : european grammars of wolof and urdu """""""" . friday 18 september 09 30s . a . romaschko ( moscow ) , """""""" transferring grammars : how german grammarby jacob grimm was converted into russian historical grammar by fedor buslaev """""""" . 10 00t . becker ( munich ) , """""""" hermann paul , the post-generative morphologist """""""" . 10 30n . helsloot ( amsterdam ) , """""""" nietsche 's tone """""""" . 11 00coffee 11 30h . gwosdek ( tuebingen ) , """""""" the english grammars for st paul 's school , london """""""" . 12 00p . loonen ( groningen ) , """""""" the production of french grammars by hugenot refugees in the dutch republic """""""" . 12 30i . tieken - boon van ostade ( leiden ) , """""""" towards an edition of lowth 's correspondence """""""" . 13 15lunch 14 30e . h . jahr ( tromso ) , """""""" clara holst ( 1868-1935 ) : norwegian historical linguist and woman pioneer """""""" . 15 00a . linn ( sheffield ) , """""""" towards a stylistics of standardisation : the case of norwegian and faroese """""""" . 15 30j . m . morris ( london ) , """""""" linguistic ideas for literacy in english """""""" . 16 00tea 16 30b . collins ( leiden ) & i . m . mees ( copenhagen ) , """""""" daniel jones role in the development of a prestige variety of british english pronunciation """""""" . 17 00m . k . c . macmahon ( glasgow ) , """""""" the beginnings of phonetics in the british university system """""""" . 17 30annual general meeting - - - conference dinner on behalf of the organising committee : dr . robin smith department of english language and literature university of leiden p . o . box 9515 2300 ra leiden the netherlands e-mail : rdsmith @ rullet . leidenuniv . nl those who want to attend the conference are kindly requested to print the following registration form and hotel reservation form , complete them , and send them by fax or regular mail to the addresses mentioned on the forms . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the henry sweet society for the history of linguistic ideas * * * * * * fifteenth annual colloquium , amsterdam , september 16-18 , 1998 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * registration form ( please print or use a typewriter ) * * * o mr o mrs family name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . first name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . title ( prof . / dr . etc . ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . institution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . code / city . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telephone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telefax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e - mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please tick the appropriate boxes and fill in the appropriate amount i wish to attend the conference and register members of the henry sweet society ( or participants who wish to become a member of the henry sweet society , and will pay the membership fee of 9 british pounds ( approx . dfl 32 ) at the registration desk on the first day of the conference ) o before august 1 , 1998 dfl 300 o after august 1 , 1998 dfl 325 non-members o before august 1 , 1998 dfl 400 o after august 1 , 1998 dfl 425 students o before august 1 , 1998 dfl 135 social event o conference dinner on fridaydfl 80 the registration fee includes access to all sessions , coffee and tea , two ( dutch ) lunches , two dinners and a reception . students must enclose a copy of their student card . total amount to be paid ( please fill in ) dfl . . . . . i will pay this amount o by remitting the amount to the postbank amsterdam , account number 6391427 , in favour of """""""" uva gio congresbureau """""""" ( * ) o by sending eurocheques to the conference office ( * ) ( max . amount per cheque : dfl 300 ; each cheque complete with signature and bank card number ) o please charge my credit card . ( this will add an additional dfl 25 to the total amount ) o master / eurocard o visa o american express credit card number : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . expiry date : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . exact name on card : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( * ) please state """""""" hss """""""" and the full name of the participant on the bank transfer or cheque ! payments should be made in dutch guilders and without charges to the beneficiary . by sending in this registration form , i acknowledge that i commit myself to the immediate payment of the full conference fee . i have taken notice of the cancellation terms on this form . date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . signature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cancellations and refunds the conference office should be notified of cancellations in writing . if cancellations are received by the conference office before august 1 , 1998 , the total conference fee will be refunded , less dfl 45 administration costs . after august 1 , 1998 , no refunds will be made . please note that refunds will only be made after the completion of the conference . please return this form : by fax or by regular mail ( as a hard copy ) to : conference office , universiteit van amsterdam p . o . box 19268 , 1000 gg amsterdam , the netherlands fax : + 31 525 4799 , tel : + 31 525 4791 * * * end of registration form hss amsterdam conference * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the henry sweet society for the history of linguistic ideas * * * * * * fifteenth annual colloquium , amsterdam , september 16-18 , 1998 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * hotel reservation form ( please print or use a typewriter ) * * * * hotel prices can only be guaranteed , if the hotel reservation form is returned before july 15 . * since the year 1998 is a very busy year in amsterdam , we strongly advise you to take care of your hotel reservation as soon as possible . family name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . first name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . code / city . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telephone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telefax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please fill in and tick the appropriate boxes i would like to make the following reservation at the hotel casa 400 james wattstraat 75 amsterdam . . . . single room ( s ) dfl 132 per night . . . . twin-bedded room ( s ) dfl 176 per night date of arrival : . . . . . . . . . date of departure : . . . . . . . . . above rates are per room , per day and include breakfast , services and taxes . all rooms have private facilities . in order to guarantee the reservation , a deposit of dfl 200 per room is required and must be remitted in advance . after receipt of this amount the hotel reservation will be confirmed and a hotel deposit voucher will be sent , less dfl 25 for reservation and bank charges . the value of the voucher will be deducted from your final hotel bill . for cancellations received before september 2 , 1998 , refunds will be made less dfl 50 administration fee . please note that it can take a few weeks before you receive a confirmation of your hotel reservation . i have paid the deposit of dfl . . . . . . . . . . o by remitting the amount to the abn / amro bank amsterdam , account number 41 . 11 . 55 . 210 , in favour of """""""" carlson wagonlit travel """""""" o by sending a cheque to carlson wagonlit travel o please charge my credit card o master / eurocard o visa o american express o other : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . credit card number : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . expiry date : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . exact name on card : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . signature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please return as a hard copy by regular mail or fax to : carlson wagonlit travel dam 19 1012 js amsterdam the netherlands fax + 31 20 623 5107 tel + 31 20 624 1361 e-mail agm @ keytours . nl * * * end of hotel reservation form hss amsterdam conference * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  2390,""""Subject: teaching linguistics ( grammar )
   
   * * * call for papers * * * * * * call for papers * * * """""""" teaching linguistics """""""" symposium on teaching grammar in conjunction with the twenty - second annual conference on the teaching of foreign languages and literatures . youngstown state university youngstown , ohio , october 24 , 1998 plenary speaker : * robert dekeyser , university of pittsburgh , linguistics dept . dr . dekeyser will speak on """""""" focus on form """""""" proposals on topics related to the teaching of grammar in first , second and foreign languages are welcomed . college and university faculty , high school teachers , and graduate students are invited to submit proposals . possible areas of focus might include , but are not limited to : pedagogical grammars , history of grammatical teaching , normatism / prescriptivism , pros and cons of formal instruction , and all aspects of grammatical teaching , such as methods , social aspects , audiences , situations of teaching ( l1 , l2 , fl ) , goals and objectives , etc . special attention will be given to papers dealing with the position and role of grammatical instruction within the curriculum . * all disciplinary approaches are welcome , such as language arts teaching ; second language acquisition : theory , research and practice ; pedagogical approaches and classroom strategies ; techniques and materials ; innovations in media technology ; testing and assessment ; ethnographic studies . this is not , however , a symposium on universal grammar . * abstracts : presentations should be 30 minutes long , including time for questions . send three copies of a one - page , double spaced abstract to the symposium committee ( address below ) by june 1 , 1998 . e - mail submissions ( ascii only , no attachments ) are ok . include contact information on a cover sheet attached to the abstract . the abstract should contain no information that identifies the presenter . notification will be mailed no later than july 1 , 1998 . * registration : all participants , including presenters , are required to register to the conference , however , a lower fee for the symposium day alone will be available . registration materials will be mailed in early august 1998 . all accepted presenters will receive the conference registration mailings . those interested in attending , but not presenting need only request to be put on the mailing list . graduate students needing crash space or with financial problems should mention this fact in the cover sheet . * the conference on the teaching of foreign languages and literatures will feature two plenary speakers : helena curtain ( u . of wisconsin ) who will speak on fles and david d . herren ( middlebury college ) who will speak on call . besides the plenary speakers the conference will feature over thirty presentations and workshops on various aspects of teaching foreign languages and literature . * abstracts and requests for information about the teaching grammar symposium should be sent to : salvatore attardo & steven brown english department , debartolo hall 202 youngstown state university youngstown oh 44555 usa sattardo @ cc . ysu . edu srbrown @ cc . ysu . edu
  """",0
  2391,""""Subject: colloque : plurilinguisme et enseignement
   
   integrated in teh activities promoted by the grif ( groupe de reflexion interdisciplinaire sur le franais ) , the language department of the university of the algarve , faro , portugal , has promoted a scientific meeting on plurilingualism and teaching , to be held on the 4th and 5th of june . this meeting aims to foster the debate and the reflection of students , teachers , educators and supervisors on the subject of teaching a foreign language in multilingual and multicultural contexts . communications to be presented focus on the isuues of foreign language acquisition and development and also on the analysis of factors related to the foreign language learning and teaching process . invited professors : daniel coste - ens - saint cloud bernard py - universit de nuchatel more informations : http : / / www . ualg . pt / uceh / noticias . html
  """",0
  2392,""""Subject: sigphon98 workshop - - - extended deadline
   
   the fourth cfp = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = < < c a l l - - - - - f o r - - - - - p a p e r s > > = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the computation of phonological constraints = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the 4th meeting of the acl special interest group in phonology ( http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ sigphon / 98 ) in conjunction with the coling-acl ' 98 joint conference montreal , canada , 15th august 1998 * * * due to popular request , we have extended the deadline for * * * submissions to this workshop by 3 weeks . the new deadline * * * is may 10 . the meeting - - - - - - - - - - constraint - based theories of phonology have become enormously popular in recent years . such theories express generalizations by stating how and when a language 's phonological forms are constrained , rather than relying on rules that actively modify the forms . computational ideas have often provided an impetus for these innovations . koskenniemi 's ( 1983 ) 2 - level morphophonological processor introduced parallel constraining relations as an alternative to an ordered system of rewrite rules . declarative phonology ( c 1990 ) focusses on the unity of representations and rules as constraints , drawing on various computational ideas from unification to temporal logic to finite-state calculi . one current constraint-based theory is optimality theory ( ot ) ( prince&smolensky 1993 ) . this theory found , at least partial , inspiration in computational work by smolensky on the relation between symbolic and subsymbolic computation . although this link with connectionism has been left largely unexplored , ot has proved to be a computationally productive theory , giving rise to several theoretical papers on computational issues related to complexity and learnability , as well as inspiring a number of implementations . this workshop is designed to foster the link between computational work and constraint-based phonology in general . to this end , it invites submissions on topics related to the computation of any constraint-based phonological formalism , including but not limited to the three mentioned above . here are some example topics : * the computational interpretation of phonological theories , * constraint ranking and interaction , eg . as in ot , * implementations of particular analyses , * results in the complexity of constraint application , * algorithms for learning constraints or constraint ranking , * results on the learnability of such constraints , * novel formalisms for constraint-based phonology , * representational issues raised by constraint-based approaches . in short , papers are invited which address computational issues in constraint-based theories of phonology . submission - - - - - - - - - what : original research , not published elsewhere a completed study is prefered to proposals and progress reports originality , topicality and clarity will be the assessment criteria how : submissions must be sent by email to sigphon98 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk when : may 10 submissions due may 25 notification of acceptance june 23 final ( accepted ) versions due submission format - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( note that apart from the medium and length sections , these requirements are as for submissions to coling-acl98 . ) medium : postscript , emailed to sigphon98 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk please check postscript compatibility using either ghostview , or by printing the postscript file before sending length : 7 pages maximum ( including references and appendices ) optional extra page for abstract in a second language paper size : please use a4 page-size typesetting : latex is encouraged , but not required . layout : set margins so that text lies centred within a rectangle of 6 . 5 x 9 inches ( 16 . 5 x 23 cm ) use times roman or computer modern font 11 to 12 point for text 14 to 16 point for headings and title centred page numbers in footers 2 columns after title and abstract figures may range across columns since reviewing will be blind , a separate identification notice should be emailed ( in ascii ) to sigphon98 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk . it should include : title author ( s ) name ( s ) affiliation ( s ) complete addresses abstract in english submission to other conferences ( ' none ' or list ) and author of record ( for correspondence ) . authors should not identify either themselves or their affiliations , either directly or indirectly in the body of the text ( the postscript file ) . authors should use the coling-acl98 style files and templates for preparing submissions ( see http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / styles . html ) . this will help ensure that the layout requirements are met , and that the effort required to format the final version will be minimized . registration - - - - - - - - - - - information about registration procedures will be available as soon as possible . organisation - - - - - - - - - - - organiser : t . mark ellison ( edinburgh ) organising / program committee : steven bird ( edinburgh ) jason eisner ( pennsylvania ) bruce tesar ( rutgers ) markus walther ( duesseldorf ) correspondence - - - - - - - - - - - - - should be sent to : sigphon98 centre for cognitive science edinburgh university 2 buccleuch place edinburgh eh8 9lw , uk tel . + 44 ( 131 ) 650-4416 fax . + 44 ( 131 ) 650-6626 email : sigphon98 @ cogsci . ed . ac . uk web : http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / ~ sigphon / 98
  """",0
  2393,""""Subject: special issue machine translation : final call for papers
   
   final call for papers the machine translation journal special issue on anaphora resolution in machine translation guest editor : ruslan mitkov ( university of wolverhampton ) the interpretation of anaphora is crucial for the successful operation of a machine translation system . in particular , it is essential to resolve the anaphoric relation when translating into languages which mark the gender of pronouns . unfortunately , the majority of mt systems developed in the seventies and eighties did not adequately address the problems of identifying the antecedents of anaphors in the source language and producing the anaphoric """""""" equivalents """""""" in the target language . as a consequence , only a limited number of mt systems have been successful in translating discourse , rather than isolated sentences . one reason for this situation is that in addition to anaphora resolution being itself a very complicated task , translation adds a further dimension to the problem in that the reference to a discourse entity encoded by a source language anaphor by the speaker ( or writer ) has not only to be identified by the hearer ( translator or translation system ) but also re-encoded in a coreferential expression in a different language . the nineties have seen an intensification of research efforts in anaphora resolution in machine translation . this can be seen in the growing number of related projects which have reported promising new results ( e . g . wada 1990 ; leass & schwall 1991 ; nakaiwa & ikehara 1992 ; chen 1992 ; saggion & carvalho 1994 ; preuss et al . 1994 ; nakaiwa et al . 1994 ; nakaiwa et al . 1995 ; nakaiwa & ikehara 1995 ; mitkov et al . 1995 ; mitkov et al . 1997 ; geldbach 1997 ) . however , we still feel that additional work is needed to highlight and further explore the specifics of the problem in operational mt environments , including fully automatic machine translation and machine - aided translation . we are inviting high-quality , original research papers describing recent advances in anaphora resolution in machine translation . topics to be addressed include ( but are not limited to ) - operational anaphora resolution components in machine translation - resolution of zero pronouns in mt environments - lexical transfer of anaphors across languages - to what extent have the latest trends towards knowledge-poor , corpus - driven and robust approaches in anaphora resolution , been called upon in machine translation ? - what are the most scalable contributory factors / resolution strategies in mt ? - what makes anaphora resolution a more complex task in machine translation ? - multilingual anaphora resolution submission and format articles should be submitted directly to the publishers , either by e-mail to ellen . klink @ wkap . nl , with the subject header """""""" submission to coat anaphora special issue """""""" , or in hard-copy to machine translation editorial office kluwer academic publishers p . o . box 990 3300 az dordrecht the netherlands or machine translation editorial office kluwer academic publishers p . o . box 230 accord , ma 02018-023 u . s . a . the submission deadline is 15 may 1998 . the journal is typeset using latex , so the preferred medium for submission of articles in electronic format is latex source ( using the kluwer style file ) or gzipped postscript . for more details , please consult the journal 's web pages : home page : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / journalhome . htm / 0922-6567 instructions for authors : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / kaphtml . htm / ifa0922-6567 latex style files : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / jrnlstyle . htm / 0922-6567 if submitting hard-copy , four copies of the paper are required . the length of the papers should be approximately 10-20 pages if using the kluwer style file ( around 20k words ) . authors are also requested to send a copy of an abstract of not more than 200 words to the guest editor r . mitkov @ wlv . ac . uk or in hard-copy to ruslan mitkov , school of languages and european studies , university of wolverhampton , stafford st . , wolverhampton wv1 1sb , united kingdom . guest editor : ruslan mitkov school of languages and european studies university of wolverhampton stafford st . wolverhampton wv1 1sb telephone ( 44-1902 ) 322471 fax ( 44-1902 ) 322739 email r . mitkov @ wlv . ac . uk guest editorial board : breck baldwin ( university of pennsylvania , philadelphia ) david carter ( sri international , cambridge ) guenter goerz ( university of nuernberg / erlangen ) lynette hirschman ( mitre , mclean ) richard kittredge ( university of montreal ) susan luperfoy ( mitre , mclean ) tony mcenery ( lancaster university ) ruslan mitkov ( university of wolverhampton ) frederique segond ( ranx xerox , grenoble ) harold somers ( umist , manchester ) keh - yih su ( national tsing hua university , taiwan ) yorick wilks ( university of sheffield )
  """",0
  2394,""""Subject: new reflections on grammaticalization
   
   universitat potsdam am neuen palais 10 , 14469 potsdam pd dr . ilse wischer institut fur anglistik / amerikanistik universitat potsdam , postfach 601553 , 14415 potsdam sekr . : ( + 49 ) 0331-977 - 2524 tel . : ( + 49 ) 0331-977 - 2533 fax : ( + 49 ) 0331-977 - 2069 e-mail : wischer @ rz . uni-potsdam . de call for papers april 1998 new reflections on grammaticalization an international symposium at potsdam university 17-19 june 1999 since meillet 's first mentioning of the term grammaticalization in 1912 several generations of scholars have contributed to a better understanding of this process of linguistic change . recent studies are closely connected with the names of paul hopper and elizabeth traugott . further major impulses came from a number of works in cologne , from an international symposium at the university of oregon at eugene in 1988 , or from empirical research based on computer corpora edited in a collective volume by matti rissanen et al . numerous publications and conference contributions in the last ten years have revealed a growing interest in the theory of grammaticalization . people have worked on several topics reaching from theoretical investigations on its status with respect to various theories of grammar up to its practical application to linguistic phenomena in many languages of the world . this has led , on the one hand , to new insights and a deeper understanding , it has also revealed , however , new questions that call for an answer and require further research . the aim of this symposium is to bring together scholars who are working in this area to present their findings and discuss such topics as e . g . whether there are two different types of grammaticalization , one on the propositional level and another one on the discourse level , whether there are convincing examples of the reversability of grammaticalization , what kind of relationship holds between grammaticalization and lexicalization , or which internal and external factors can accelerate or retard grammaticalization . papers are invited on all aspects related to grammaticalization in its synchronic or diachronic perspective , with respect to theoretical reflections or practical findings . studies based on linguistic phenomena in english are particularly welcome . academic programme : opening lecture : christian lehmann , university of bielefeld , germany plenary lectures ( so far ) : joan bybee , university of new mexico , united states talmy givn , university of oregon , united states bernd heine , university of cologne , germany ekkehard knig , free university berlin , germany social programme : there will be a conference dinner , a guided tour through the city of potsdam including a visit of one of its famous castles , a visit of the potsdam film studios or a boat tour on the havel . details about the social programme will be given in the 2nd circular . accomodation : accomodation will be in hotels in town at conference rates . a limited number of moderately priced rooms will be available in the guest house of the university . you will have to book the rooms on your own , mentioning your participation in the symposium . addresses will be given in the 2nd circular . about the city of potsdam and potsdam university : in 1993 brandenburg s capital celebrated the 1000th anniversary of its founding . potsdam 's distinctive appearance began to emerge when the town became the residence of prussian royalty . to this day the capital attracts many visitors . the grounds of the three royal parks , the palace of sans souci and the new palace , schinkel 's charlottenhof , an architectural gem , the cecilienhof palace as well as numerous churches and italianate villas continue to charm visitors today . cafs , restaurants , museums and galeries are an integral part of the capital 's unique cityscape . among 140 , 000 potsdamers , there are 11 , 000 university students , most of whom live in halls of residence on the outskirts of town . potsdam 's location could not be more ideal for leisure time activities : it is surrounded by forests , lakes and rivers and a short commuter train ride takes you to the nation 's nearby capital , berlin . since the last century , potsdam has been a centre for research in the natural sciences . today potsdam is again the home of respected research institutes . for a few years now it has also been a university town . the university of potsdam was founded on 15 july 1991 . located on three campuses - am neuen palais , golm and potsdam - babelsberg - the university absorbed most of the staff of brandenburg state college ( previously the potsdam college of education ) and a few members of the staff of the college of law and administration ( previously the academy of government and law of the gdr , dissolved in 1990 )
  """",0
  2395,""""Subject: germanic generative syntax newsletter
   
   germanic generative syntax newsletter , spring 1998 . call for contributions the editors of the germanic generative syntax newsletter invite contributions for the spring 1998 issue . we are especially interested in : - dissertation abstracts - book notices - calls for papers and conference announcements - conference reports - paper abstracts ( 15-20 lines max . ) - titles of unpublished papers - bibliographic details of articles that have appeared or will appear in edited volumes or working paper volumes all these contributions should be related to the field of germanic generative syntax . please send your contributions in ascii format to the following email address : zwart @ let . rug . nl deadline : may 21 , 1997 subscription information : the germanic generative syntax newsletter is published in electronic form and is distributed via email . to subscribe to the ggsn mailing list , send an email message to majordomo @ lists . uib . no with subscribe ggsn < your email address > in the body of the message . jan - wouter zwart editor
  """",0
  2396,""""Subject: generative approaches to sla iv
   
   second call for papers the university of pittsburgh department of linguistics and the carnegie mellon university department of modern languages present : the fourth international conference on generative approaches to second language acquisition iv september 25-26 - 27 , 1998 pittsburgh , pennsylvania , usa confirmed plenary speakers : o lydia white , mcgill university o usha lakshmanan , southern illinois university o peter gordon , university of pittsburgh all papers in generative approaches to sla are welcome , including interdisciplinary links with : second language sentence / input processing neuroimaging and second language acquisition links between language change , language contact , and sla links between generative approaches to sla and social / cognitive factors affecting sla please send 5 copies of an anonymous abstract ( single-spaced , 2 pages maximum including examples and references ) and a 3 x 5 index card with name ( s ) of author ( s ) , title of paper , affiliation , phone number , and e-mail address to : gasla iv 2816 cathedral of learning university of pittsburgh pittsburgh , pa 15260 usa no e - mail submissions , please deadline for abstracts : may 31 , 1998 deadline for pre - registration : september 5 , 1998 http : / / verb . linguist . pitt . edu / ~ gasla /
  """",0
  2397,""""Subject: multimedia indexing and retrieval
   
   acm sigir ' 98 post - conference workshop multimedia indexing and retrieval melbourne , australia , august 28 , 1998 call for participation background : this workshop will focus on the required functionality , techniques , and evaluation criteria for multimedia information retrieval systems . researchers have been investigating content-based retrieval from non-text sources such as images , audio and video . initially , the focus of these efforts were on content analysis and retrieval techniques tailored to a specific media ; more recently , researchers have started to combine attributes from various media . the goal of multimedia ir systems is to handle general queries such as """""""" find outdoor pictures or video of clinton and gore discussing environmental issues """""""" . answering such queries requires intelligent exploitation of both text / speech and visual content . multimedia ir is a very broad area covering both infrastructure issues ( e . g . efficient storage criteria , networking , client-server models ) and intelligent content analysis and retrieval . since this is a one-day workshop , we have chosen three focus areas in the intelligent analysis and retrieval area . about the workshop : the first focus of this workshop is on integrating information from various media sources in order to handle multimodal queries on large , diverse databases . an example of such a collection would be the www . in such cases , a query may be decomposed into a set of media queries , each involving a different indexing scheme . the interaction of various media sources that occur in the same context ( e . g . , text accompanying pictures , audio accompanying video ) is of special interest ; such interaction can be exploited in both the content analysis and retrieval phases . the second focus deals with examples of research using content and organization of multimedia information into semantic classes . users pose and expect a retrieval to provide answers to semantic questions . in practice this is difficult to achieve . building structures that encode semantic information in a fairly domain independent and robust manner is extremely difficult . a quick review of computer vision research over the last few years points to this difficulty . in many cases , image content can be used in conjunction with user interaction and domain specificity to retrieve semantically meaningful information . however , it is clear that retrieval by similarity of visual attributes when used arbitrarily cannot provide semantically meaningful information . for example , a search for a red flower by color red on a very heterogeneous database cannot be expected to yeild meaningful results . on the other hand retrieval of red flowers in a database of flowers can be achieved using color . in context therefore , examples of research using content and organization of multimedia information into semantic classes will be discussed . many systems , particularly image and video based ones require an example picture which can be used as a query ( alternatively , the user may be required to draw a picture ) . it may be unrealistic to expect an example image to be always available . thus , it would be useful to find ways of generating new queries . can nlp techniques be combined with computer vision techniques to generate such queries ? or can multimodal retrieval techniques be combined to create queries suitable for image , video and audio retrieval ? in general , a question is how can we create realistic queries for realistic systems . the third focus of this workshop is on evaluation techniques for multimedia retrieval . currently , most researchers are using the standard evaluation measures defined for text documents ; these need to be extended / modified for multimedia documents . there is also a high degree of subjectivity involved that needs to be addressed . we will focus on the following specific topics : - content analysis and retrieval from various media ( text , images , video , audio ) - interaction of modalities ( e . g . text , images ) in indexing , retrieval - effective user interfaces ( permitting query refinement etc . ) - evaluation methodologies for multimedia information . we have found that researchers pay insufficient attention to it . - techniques for relevance ranking - multimodal query formation / decomposition - logic formalisms for multimodal queries - indexing and retrieval from scanned documents - e . g extracting text from images , word spotting - as a retrieval technique for both handwritten and printed documents . - testbeds for evaluating multimodal retrieval : it would be nice to have some resource sharing here since annotating these , and coming up with a good query set are difficult participation : two types of participation are expected . those interested in making a presentation at this workshop should submit their full papers either in online postscript version or in hardcopy by regular mail to the address given below . the papers should not exceed 5 , 000 words , including figures , tables , and references . those interested in participating , but not presenting papers , should submit a statement of interest , not to exceed 500 words . this should clearly state what aspect ( s ) of the workshop reflect their research interest . these will be used to select panelists . both types of submissions are due on friday , june 5th . decisions will be made no later than friday , june 26th . in the case of paper submission , the final camera-ready papers are due on july 24th . working notes will be made available to all participants at the workshop . all the submissions should be sent to : prof . rohini k . srihari , cedar / suny at buffalo ub commons 520 lee entrance , suite 202 amherst , ny 14228 - 2583 rohini @ cedar . buffalo . edu organization : workshop chairs ( also program chairs ) rohini k . srihari , suny at buffalo ( rohini @ cedar . buffalo . edu ) zhongfei zhang , suny at buffalo ( zhongfei @ cedar . buffalo . edu ) r . manmatha , university of massachussetts ( manmatha @ cs . umass . edu ) s . ravela , university of massachussetts ( ravela @ cs . umass . edu ) program committee members : shih - fu chang ( columbia u . , usa ) david harper ( robert gordon university , u . k . ) alex hauptmann ( cmu , usa ) rakesh kumar ( sarnoff , usa ) desai narasimhalu ( isi , singapore ) candace sidner ( lotus , usa ) peter schauble ( eth , switzerland ) timetable : paper or statement of interest submission : june 5th , 1998 decision : july 3rd , 1998 camera - ready paper due : july 24th , 1998 sigir conference : august 24th - 28th , 1998 workshop : august 29th , 1998 further information : further questions may be directed to the address above , or go to the web page of this workshop at http : / / www . cedar . buffalo . edu / sigir98 / mmtr . html or the sigir conference main web page at http : / / www . cs . mu . oz . au / sigir98 /
  """",0
  2398,""""Subject: knowledge about language bibliography
   
   association for language awareness knowledge about language and language awareness : an annotated bibliography by richard aplin isbn 0 9530906 0 4 over 600 items listed descriptive annotations for books full indexing under auther name classified under : teaching materials language in education the study of language the study of the english language articles in periodicals works of reference price 10 pounds sterling ( post free in uk and europe ) 2 pounds extra for postage elsewhere available from richard aplin at the address below . please make cheques payable to association for language awareness - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | richard aplin | tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 116 252 3692 | university of leicester | school of education | fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 116 252 3653 | 21 university road | leicester le1 7rf | e-mail : trwa1 @ le . ac . uk - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  2399,""""Subject: sla conference paris 1999
   
   call for papers xi th international conference """""""" acquisition of a foreign language : perspectives and research """""""" pragmatic uses & acquisition of foreign languages """""""" acquisition d ' une langue etrangere : perspectives et recherches """""""" usages pragmatiques et acquisition des langues etrangeres at the universite de la sorbonne nouvelle - paris iii april 15 - 17th 1999 theme second language acquisition in different contexts , pragmatic processes in sla , models of acquisition , social , cognitive , linguistic and affective dimensions in sla , didactic implications of research in sla . discussions will be held in the following workshops : workshops workshop 1 : communication strategies in classroom and / or naturalistic acquisition contexts . workshop 2 : variables reflecting contextualization and learning ( paralinguistic clues , prosody , lexicon ) workshop 3 : cognitive functions and verbal interactions in a learning context workshop 4 : types of discourse and sla workshop 5 : variety of didactic situations and sla * authors are asked to send 2 copies of their abstract in french ( max . 2 pages ) before june 15th 1998 . put your name , address and affiliation on 1 copy only . include title , information on methodology and corpus . specify the workshop in which your paper could be presented . * decisions on acceptance will be communicated on july 15 th 1998 . * complete paper ( hard-copy and disk ) must be received before november 30 th 1998 . max . 12 pages . all papers will be available on disk for the participants . * deadline for registrations : 13 / 2 / 1999 . maximum number of papers : 40 . all abstracts should be sent to : daniel veronique / francine cicurel colloque """""""" usages pragmatiques et acquisition des langues """""""" ufr didactique du francais langue etrangere 46 , rue saint - jacques 75230 paris cedex 05 telephone : ( 0 ) 1 40 46 29 25 fax : ( 0 ) 1-40 46 29 30 e-mail : daniel . veronique @ paris3 . sorbonne . fr e-mail : francine . cicurel @ paris3 . sorbonne . fr
  """",0
  2400,""""Subject: history of the phonetic sciences in the united states
   
   call for contributions a volume tentatively entitled """""""" a guide to the history of the phonetic sciences in the united states """""""" is being prepared for initial distribution at the xivth international congress of the phonetic sciences , to be held in san francisco , august 1 - 7 , 1999 . this book , edited by arthur bronstein , john ohala , and william weigel , will be the first of its kind and promises to be a reference work of continuing value . we seek volunteers to contribute short biographical entries ( c . 200 to 800 words ) including a bibliography on about 75 americans who have played a significant role in the development of the phonetic sciences . the deadline for submission is june 30 , 1998 . you can find a style sheet , a sample contribution , and a list of suggested subject individuals at our website : http : / / trill . berkeley . edu / icphs / history / in order to avoid duplication of effort , contributors should inform us as soon as possible ( preferably by email , at the following address ) of the subjects of their proposed contributions . for further information , please email us at : icphs99 @ trill . berkeley . edu or write to us at : icphs99 university of california department of linguistics 1203 dwinelle hall berkeley , ca 94720-2650
  """",0
  2401,""""Subject: fsmnlp ' 98 student grants
   
   call for participation the program for fsmnlp ' 98 international workshop on finite state methods in natural language processing is now available . the program and the text version of a registration form follows . more information as well as postscript and pdf forms of the registration form can be obtained from http : / / www . nlp . cs . bilkent . edu . tr / fsmnlp98 the program includes a one-day hands-on tutorial on finite state computing by dr . ken beesley of xerox research centre europe , on the 29th of june . in order to encourage attendance especially by full-time students pursuing programs in computational linguistics / natural language processing , we have limited funds that would ( i ) let us waive workshop registration fees for students if they register for and attend the tutorial , or ( ii ) let us waive half the workshop registration fee if they do not register for the tutorial if you are full-time student and would like to be considered for these options , please indicate so on your registration form and attach recently dated letter from your department confirming your full-stime student status to the registration form when you send it . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - fsmnlp ' 98 international workshop on finite state methods in natural language processing sponsored by eacl - european chapter of the association for computational linguistics , tubitak - turkish scientific and technological research council , nato science for stability program - tu-language project june 29 - july 1 , 1998 bilkent university ankara , turkey program june 29 , 1998 monday 9 : 00 - 18 : 00 tutorial a one - day practical introduction to finite - state computing instructor : ken beesley , xerox research centre europe grenoble , france scope : the course will include an introduction to regular languages , finite-state machines , finite state transducers , the xerox xfst interface , and the lexc compiler . participants will get hands-on experience with the software , using exercises in natural-language morphology and phonology . all instruction and documentation will be in english . target : linguists and computer scientists interested in how finite-state technology can be applied to natural language processing . prerequisites : participants should know some basic unix commands and be able to edit text files using an editor like emacs or vi . although we assume no previous experience in finite-state computing , finite-state computing is a kind of computer programming , and participants should have some kind of programming experience . tentative contents - a gentle introduction to finite - state automata finite - state machines regular languages lookup finite - state automata lookup and generation - key finite - state operations union intersection subtraction concatenation iteration composition - finite - state morphology / phonology morphotactics phonological / orthographical variation - xerox extended regular expressions the xfst interface the stack read regex apply up , apply down exercises : esperanto verbs - simple replace rules ( extended regular expressions ) rule exercises : kanpat , brazilian portuguese - review : lexicons , rules , composition , the stack lexicon + rules exercise : bambona - the lexc language and compiler lexicons , continuation classes interface exercises : esperanto nouns , adjectives - lexc plus replace rules exercise : irish lenition - other tools and tricks twolc ( """""""" two - level """""""" rules and morphology ) separated dependencies and composition exercise : esperanto ge - nouns other filtering via composition - a large system : finite - state arabic morphology lexical databases finite - state lexicon ( lexc ) separated dependencies ( replace - rule filters ) variation ( rules ) designing """""""" languages """""""" modifications , tags , character encodings overall lookup and generation www interface ( java ) - questions , review of exercises june 30 , 1998 tuesday 8 : 30 - - 9 : 30 registration 9 : 45 opening remarks 10 : 00 - 11 : 00 plenary talk the proper treatment of optimality in computational phonology lauri karttunen xrce grenoble , france 11 : 00 11 : 30 break regular papers morning session 11 : 30 12 : 30 context-free parsing through regular approximation mark - jan nederhof dfki saarbrucken germany does tagging help parsing ? a case study on finite state parsing atro voutilainen university of helsinki , finland 12 : 30 14 : 00 lunch afternoon session 1 14 : 00 15 : 30 robust parsing using a hidden markov model wide r . hogenhout yuji matsumoto nara institute of tech . japan incremental construction of minimal acyclic finite state automata and transducers jan daciuk , university of gdansk , poland bruce e . watson ribbit software , canada university of pretoria , south africa richard e . watson ribbit software , canada and treatment of e - moves in subset construction gertjan van noord groningen univ . the netherlands 15 : 30 - 16 : 00 break afternoon session 16 : 00 - 17 : 00 learning finite state models for language understanding david pico enrique vidal polytechnic university of valencia , spain a multilingual natural language interface to regular expressions aarne ranta xrce grenoble , france july 1 , 1998 wednesday morning session 10 : 00 - 12 : 00 implementing voting constraints with finite state transducers kemal oflazer gokhan tur bilkent university , turkey feature structures , unification and finite state transducers remi zajac crl / nmsu usa using genericity to create customizable finite state tools sandro pedrazzini marcus hoffman idsia switzerland constraining separated morphotactic dependencies in finite state grammars ken beesley xrce grenoble , france 12 : 00 13 : 30 lunch 13 : 30 16 : 30 visit to museum of anatolian civilizations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - fsmnlp ' 98 international workshop on finite state methods in natural language processing june 29 - july 1 , 1998 bilkent university ankara , turkey registration form last name : first name : organization : address : : : telephone : fax : e - mail : web page url : tutorial : june 29 1998 workshop june 30 - july 1 1998 [ ] tutorial registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . usd 40 [ ] workshop registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . usd 60 [ ] tutorial + workshop ( full - time students only ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . usd 40 [ ] workshop only ( full - time students only ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . usd 30 ( please attach a letter from your department confirming your full-time student status . ) total usd . . . workshop registration fee includes : copy of the proceedings , reception , coffee and tea during breaks , and visit to the museum of anatolian civilizations . social event : june 27 - 28 , 1998 [ ] visit to cappadocia region known for its lunar landscape , fairy-chimneys and underground cities . includes transportation , one night at a 3 * hotel , breakfast , and dinner , guided tour of all major sites . 99 usd / person * _ _ persons usd . . . accommodation [ ] hotel bilkent ( 4 * hotel on campus with transportation to the workshop site ) . special rates for workshop participants are ( including vat ) : single room usd 65 / night double room usd 80 / night i will arrive on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and depart on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hotel bill is payable during check-out . [ ] university dormitory room very close to workshop site , with shared showers and facilities . 1 person per room free of charge ( * * only linens and blankets will be provided . * * ) payment for the workshop registration and cappadocia trip can only be made by credit card . please provide the information below : card type visa [ ] mastercard / eurocard [ ] card number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ / _ _ my signature below will be considered to have been made on the applicable credit card or charge card bill form for the amount indicated for registration to fsmnlp ' 98 workshop . amount to be paid : usd _ _ _ _ name of the card holder : signature of the card holder : please send your registration forms by fax to fsmnlp ' 98 registration c / o kemal oflazer fax no : + 90 + 312-266 4126 or by mail to : fsmnlp ' 98 registration c / o kemal oflazer bilkent university department of computer engineering and info . sci . tr-06533 ankara turkey no electronic submissions will be possible as we have been requested to require signatures for credit card transactions .
  """",0
  2402,""""Subject: kornfilt : turkish
   
   jaklin kornfilt ( 1997 ) , turkish . london and new york : routledge . xxxi + 575 pp . 110 , us $ 180 . reviewed by steve seegmiller , montclair state university . jaklin kornfilt 's grammar of turkish ( hereafter referred to as turkish ) is the first new , comprehensive grammar of this language to be published in english in more than two decades . as such , its appearance is a significant event , especially since its author is a well known and respected authority on turkish . this is the latest title in the descriptive grammars series , edited by bernard comrie and published by routledge . the goals of the works in this series are different from those of most grammars : the descriptive grammars are intended for linguists rather than general users . all of the grammars in the series address the same issues in a uniform format so that a given feature may be easily compared across languages , and they contain information of a sort that is often absent from more traditional grammars . toward the end of the review i will comment briefly on the potential utility of this grammar for non-linguists , but for the most part i will focus on usefulness of the grammar for linguists . the descriptive grammars series now includes nearly 30 titles . according to the editorial preface , the series gives preference to languages for which comprehensive descriptions are not presently available ( iv ) . the aim of the series is to provide information to linguists who are interested in language typology , language universals , and comparative grammar , employing a terminology and a notation that will make the information accessible to linguists regardless of their particular specialization or orientation . authors of the grammars in the series are expected to organize their descriptions as answers to a series of questions ( originally published in lingua vol . 42 , no . 1 , 1977 ) . turkish contains over 600 pages , including the prefatory material , the table of contents , and the bibliography . the grammatical description alone amounts to just over 550 pages . it is thus roughly twice as long as lewis ( 1967 ) and about 100 pages longer than underhill ( 1976 ) . the book contains five chapters of widely varying lengths . chapter 1 ( syntax ) contains 211 pages , chapter 2 ( morphology ) 270 pages , chapter 3 ( phonology ) 32 pages , chapter 4 ideophones and interjections ) just 3 pages , and chapter 5 ( lexicon ) 16 pages . thus approximately 90 per cent of the book is devoted to morphology and syntax . furthermore , a good deal of the information in the morphology chapter deals with syntactic matters , giving the book an especially heavy bias toward syntax . . this distribution of information no doubt reflects both the interests of the author and the current emphasis of typological research . the chapters on phonology and the lexicon are both very well done and very useful ( more on this below ) , but they do not address all of the issues that might be of interest to a phonologist or a lexical semanticist . a notable feature of the book is the extensive and detailed table of contents . it is eleven pages long and , used in conjunction with the fourteen-page index , provides easy access to the an extensive body of information about turkish . how well does turkish accomplish its goals ? i think it handles syntax and morphology marvelously well , phonology and the lexicon adequately , and ideophones and interjections in a cursory fashion . the chapters on syntax and morphology provide the best , most detailed descriptions of these parts of the language available . the analyses are up to date and insightful , and kornfilt has done a superb job of bringing clarity to some of the most difficult parts of the language . in concept and terminology , the description straddles the line between generative and traditional or non-generative approaches . for instance , kornfilt uses the terms ' possessive adjective ' ( 105 ) and 'd emonstrative adjective ( 106 ) rather than the more usual ' possessive ' and 'd emonstrative . ' similarly , the descriptions are stated in terms of surface phenomena and grammatical constructions and not in any recognizable theoretical framework . this is probably the right choice , given the diverse backgrounds of the probable users of the grammar . the range of coverage is broad and thorough . kornfilt deals with sentence types , both simple and complex ; with negation and questions ; with grammatical categories and phrase types ; and with most of the other grammatical phenomena that might interest linguists . the morphology chapter contains information not just on inflection and derivation , but also on the uses of the various morphological forms . cross - referencing is extensive , making it easy for the reader to find all of the relevant information on a topic even if it is not found in the same section of the book . this approach of interrelating syntax and morphology is very useful and allows kornfilt to clarify some of the cloudy areas of turkish grammar . perhaps most notable are her treatments of the participial and nominal systems and their relation to subordination ( pp . 323-413 and at various places in chapter 1 ) . finite subordination is rare in turkish . a far more frequent pattern of subordination involves the use of a participial or nominalized verbal stem . the complexity of the system is mind-boggling to students of the language , but kornfilt 's description makes it coherent and intelligible . her treatment of other aspects of turkish morphology and syntax are equally well done . a very useful feature of turkish is the inclusion of information about what does * not * occur in the language . this is often essential information for linguists ( whether studying typology , syntax , or morphology ) and is rarely included in more traditional grammars . thus we find on page 104 the statement that postpostitions govern only one case ( with the lone exception of ' kadar ' ) . in lewis ( 1967 ) , this information can be inferred from the discussion of cases on pages 85-95 , but it is not so easy to find and not so categorically stated . there are many similar examples , especially in the syntax chapter . the chapter on phonology is short , clear , and precise , but it does not contain the amount of detail found in the syntax and morphology chapters . while the information presented will be adequate for many purposes , phonologists will no doubt wish for more elaborate discussions of issues like vowel harmony , stress assignment , and phonological ( or morphophonemic ) alternations . i found one omission in this chapter . on page 491 , the final devoicing rule is described as applying to syllable-final plosives and affricates , yet on page 487 there are examples of final devoicing of liquids as well , described as being standard but not universal . a cross-reference would have been useful here . for the most part , transcriptions in the phonology chapter follow the ipa norms . one exception , though , is the transcription of palatalized consonants by means of a comma rather than a raised j . ' while this may have been done for typographical reasons , it might confuse a casual user . chapter 4 , ideophones and interjections , is only 3 pages long and provides only the briefest commentary on these phenomena . while many linguists ( myself included ) will not mind the short shrift given to these topics , some will no doubt be disappointed that the list of ideophones occupies less than a page and a half . chapter 5 , lexicon , is a short but interesting sample of the lexicon of turkish . the chapter contains lists of words organized by semantic field . these include kinship terminology , color terms , body parts , and cooking terminology . also included is a list of just over 200 items of """""""" basic vocabulary , """""""" which seems to correspond to the so-called swadesh list . linguists interested in historical linguistics and language classification will be grateful to find this set of words conveniently collected together . setting aside some minor qualifications , as a reference work on turkish for linguists , turkish has no equal . it is more comprehensive , more up to date , and more effectively organized than any other description of the language . the method of organization , as well as the detailed table of contents and the index , make a wealth of information available almost instantaneously . it is , simply put , an admirable reference work on turkish for linguists . the same can not be said about the utility of turkish for non-linguists . there are two main reasons why the book will not be accessible to non-linguistic audiences . first , kornfilt assumes familiarity with linguistic terminology . in the very first paragraph on page 1 , for example , she uses the terms ' nominalized clause ' and ' constituent clause , ' neither of which is likely to be familiar to non-linguists . second , turkish presupposes an interest in and a knowledge of certain linguistic questions . kornfilt has little to say , for example , about questions of stylistic variation , formal versus colloquial speech , or any of a range of topics that the typical student or scholar of turkish might be interested in . this is not really a criticism , since the descriptive grammar series has a well defined audience that excludes non-linguists . nevertheless , it is unfortunate that the grammar will not be useful to a wider audience . it will supplement but will not replace lewis ( 1976 ) and underhill ( 1976 ) . i have just two complaints about turkish . first , there is a relatively large number of errors and inconsistencies . most are minor and consist of missing ' - s 's on verbs , using ' of ' for ' or , ' etc . , but some will cause confusion . on page 27 , for example , turkish is described as a 's ubject-verb - object language . ' ( it is actually s - o - v . ) a sentence on page 30 , which addresses the of question whether pied-piping of postpositions is obligatory , leaves the reader unsure of the answer . there are also some contradictions . on page 142 , the claim is made that the reflexive can never occur in subject position , but on page 305 we learn that the reflexive can occur as an honorific subject and on page 542 three references are given to works that discuss reflexive subjects in subordinate clauses . other inconsistencies are found in the bibliography , where some turkish titles are translated into english and others are not . the author is aware of some of the errors and has prepared an addendum which contains a short list of errata , but many of the errors that i found are not included . the addendum is available free of charge from the author or the publisher . my other complaint concerns the cost of turkish . at us $ 180 , the grammar is unlikely to find its way into many private libraries . this is unfortunate ; since the book is so useful , linguists interested in turkish will want to have it close at hand . references lewis , g . l . ( 1967 ) , turkish grammar . oxford : oxford university press . underhill , robert ( 1976 ) , turkish grammar . cambridge , ma , and london : mit press . steve seegmiller is interested universal and comparative grammar . he has been working on turkish and the other turkic languages for many years , and published the first grammar in english of the turkic language karachay . he is presently at work on a comparative syntax of english and japanese . steve seegmiller linguistics department montclair state university upper montclair , nj 07043 u . s . a . e - mail : seegmillerm @ alpha . montclair . edu
  """",0
  2403,""""Subject: review of perez - leroux & glass ( ed ) contemporary perspectives . . .
   
   ana teresa perez-leroux and william r glass , editors . 1997 . _ contemporary perspectives on the acquisition of spanish _ . volume 1 : developing grammars edited by perez - leroux and glass , 217 + xi pp ( isbn 1-57473 - 016 - 9 ) ; volume 2 : production , processing , and comprehension edited by glass and perez - leroux , 166 + xi pp ( isbn 1-57473 - 017 - 7 ) . cascadilla press , somerville , ma . ( set : isbn 1-57473 - 015 - 0 ) lc : pc4074 . 85 . c66 1997 . reviewed by h . stephen straight , < sstraigh @ binghamton . edu > this two-volume work contains nineteen papers ( seventeen in english , two in spanish ) by an international set of 31 authors ( including eighteen at us universities and five each at universities in spain & canada ) , ranging in length from fifteen to 34 pages . they comprise revised versions of papers delivered at a conference held at pennsylvania state university in october 1995 . with separate sections on child and adult language acquisition ( 5 papers each ) and on second language production ( 5 papers ) and comprehension and input processing ( 4 papers ) , this work provides exactly the current and wide-ranging overview of issues suggested by its title . prominent senior scholars ( such as james p lantolf , james f lee , juana liceras , susana lopez - ornat , barbara lust , and bill vanpatten ) lend the work a rightful air of authority , while numerous junior contributors ( including a dozen phd candidates ) provide a welcome promise of more good work to come . highlights include lopez - ornat 's fascinating case study of the role of spanish - specific morphological patterning in l1 emergence of nominal and verbal forms and functions ( 1 : 3-20 ) , virginia c mueller gathercole & cecilia montes 's paradigm-challenging study of the emergence in bi - and monolingual children of grammaticality judgments regarding the opposing que / * that complementizer patterns in wh-extracted embedded clauses ( 1 : 75-95 ) , christina sanz 's finely nuanced account of the changing role of controlled versus automatized processes in l2 production as a function of performance task variables ( 2 : 41-56 ) , jeffrey reeder 's remarkable findings regarding the dissociation of phonetic perceptual skill and pronunciation accuracy in both beginning and advanced second language learners ( 2 : 77-90 ) , and bill vanpatten 's authoritative overview of his path-breaking research on input processing in second language learning and teaching ( 2 : 93-108 ) . specialist readers will appreciate the currency , range , and depth of the studies presented here . they will also appreciate their overall quality , rare in a collection of conference papers . both volumes contain a comprehensive index of mentioned authors and topics , while notes and full lists of references appear as they should at the end of each paper . advanced students will find the expositions quite uniformly accessible and clear , and the findings well presented and thoroughly discussed . the editors and anonymous reviewers did their jobs well . non - specialist readers will however find these volumes rather heavy going . although all of the papers successfully avoid jargon-mongering , even papers with enticing titles like """""""" the function of language play in the acquisition of l2 spanish """""""" ( james p lantolf , 2 : 3-24 ) contain theoretical discussion of great erudition and the analysis of empirical data of considerable complexity . ( lantolf 's 75 - item list of references includes works by vera john - steiner , alexei leontiev , david olson , lev vygotsky , and other important authors usually neglected in l2 research . ) although few readers will find all of the papers of interest , every paper makes a contribution to our understanding of its topic , and taken together these volumes contain something worth the close attention of every conceivable reader in linguistics , developmental and experimental psycholinguistics , and second language theory and pedagogy . given the longstanding facts of 1 ) the prominence of spanish as a national language in the new world , 2 ) the preeminence of spanish as the first language of bilinguals in the us , and 3 ) the ubiquity ( and , more recently , the predominance ) of spanish and english as the languages studied in schools and colleges throughout the americas , spanish language acquisition and spanish - english child and adult bilingualism ought to be among the most common and well-supported areas of basic and applied psycholinguistic research . without going into the cultural , economic , and political factors that have held back such research , and that have pushed the study of spanish - english bilingualism almost entirely into the politically charged domain of ( mostly spanish - subtractive ) """""""" bilingual education """""""" , we can be grateful to p&g for bringing together an impressive array of high-quality studies that should stimulate many to pay more attention to these widely available sources of data on critical issues in l1 and l2 acquisition theory and in the psycholinguistics ( as opposed to the sociolinguistics ) of bilingualism . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ h stephen straight ( phd chicago 1972 ) , professor of anthropology and of linguistics , directs the programs in linguistics and in languages across the curriculum at binghamton university ( suny ) , where he has taught since 1970 . his research includes study of yucatec maya l1 acquisition , comparative sociolinguistics , translation theory , l2 pedagogy , multilingual education , and the role of the reception-expression dialectic in models of language and cognitive processes .
  """",0
  2404,""""Subject: the evaluation of parsing systems - workshop call for papers
   
   the evaluation of parsing systems a workshop jointly organised by the cec language engineering 1 projects sparkle and ecran to be held at the first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain , 26 may 1998 this workshop will provide a forum for researchers interested in the development and evaluation of natural language grammars and parsing systems , and in the creation of syntactically annotated reference corpora . organisers : john carroll , roberto basili , nicoletta calzolari , robert gaizauskas , gregory grefenstette workshop scope and aims the aim of this workshop is to provide a forum for discussion of evaluation methods for parsing systems , and proposals for the development of syntactically annotated language resources . with increased attention to evaluation of component technology in language engineering , evaluation of parsing systems is rapidly becoming a key issue . numerous methods have been proposed and while one , the parseval / penn treebank scheme , has gained wide usage , this has to some extent been due to the absence of workable alternatives rather than to whole-hearted support . parseval / ptb evaluation has several limitations and drawbacks , including a commitment to a particular style of grammatical analysis , and oversensitivity to certain innocuous types of misanalysis while failing to penalise other common types of more serious mistake . also , the original published description of the scheme - - and the evaluation software widely distributed as a follow-up to it - - is specific to the english language . it may be that there are currently no alternative more workable schemes or proposals , but this needs to be more fully discussed : this workshop will provide an opportunity for such a debate . this workshop is particularly timely given the large number of cec language engineering projects that involve parsing in one form or another and which need to evaluate and share the results of their efforts . parsing is an essential part of many larger applications , such as information extraction , which have gained in importance over the last few years . often in such systems , the strength of the parser and grammar has a direct effect on the desired results , and thus achieving good results rests on being able to determine and improve weaknesses in the parser / grammar . without a reliable parser evaluation method this cannot be done effectively . a parsing evaluation workshop is also appropriate at this time given the imminent creation of large-scale syntactically annotated resources for european languages . contributions from those involved in such activities are welcomed , so as to improve communication between the resource construction and the resource utilisation communities . this should ensure that the resources constructed are maximally useful to the general language engineering community . the organisation of this workshop brings together two european language engineering projects which are closely related and whose partners share similar research interests : sparkle and ecran . the organisers solicit contributions from the general community on the following topics : - descriptions of generic syntactic annotation schemes - methodologies and metrics for parsing system evaluation - reports and analyses of the results of utilising particular parser evaluation schemes - description / analysis / experience of language-dependent ( especially for languages other than english ) and task-dependent syntactic annotation schemes programme committee roberto basili gregory grefenstette ted briscoe mark hepple nicoletta calzolari tony mcenery john carroll maria teresa pazienza roberta catizone paola velardi robert gaizauskas yorick wilks paper submission papers should not exceed 4000 words or 10 pages . submission may be in either hard copy or electronic form . the submission deadline is february 15th , 1998 . hard copy submission : three copies of the paper should be sent to : dr john carroll cognitive and computing sciences university of sussex brighton bn1 9qh uk electronic submission : electronic submission may be in either self-contained latex , postscript , or rtf formats , to john . carroll @ cogs . susx . ac . uk . for each submission - - whether hard copy or electronic - - a separate plain ascii text email message should be sent to john carroll , containing the following information : # name : name of first author # title : title of the paper # pages : number of pages # note : any relevant instructions # keys : keywords # email : email of the first author # abstr : abstract of the paper . . . . . . important dates paper submission deadline ( hard copy / electronic ) february 15th notification of acceptance march 10th camera - ready papers due april 10th workshop may 26th conference information general information about the conference is at : http : / / www . icp . inpg . fr / elra / conflre . html specific queries about the conference should be directed to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain tel : + 34 58 24 41 00 - fax : + 34 58 24 41 04 reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es
  """",0
  2405,""""Subject: language resources and evaluation
   
   = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = call for paper adapting lexical and corpus resources to sublanguages and applications granada may 26 , 1998 this workshop will be held in conjunction with the first international conference on language resources and evaluation ( lrec ) , to be held in granada , spain on may 28 - 30 , 1998 . the workshop will provide a forum for those researchers involved in the development of methods to integrate corpora and mrds , with the aim of adding adaptive capabilities to existing linguistic resources . workshop scope and aims lexicons , i . e . , those components of a nlp system that contain """""""" computable """""""" information about words , cannot be considered as static objects . words may behave very differently in different domains , and there are language phenomena that do not generalize across sublanguages . lexicons are a snapshot of a given stage of development of a language , normally providedwithout support for adaptation changes , whether caused by language creativity and development or the shift to such a previously unencountered domain . the divergence of corpus usage 's from lexical norms has been studied computationally at least since the late sixties , but only recently has the availability of large on-line corpora made it possible to establish methods to cope systematically with this problem . an emerging branch of research is now involved in studies and experiments on corpus-driven linguistics , with the aim of complementing and extending earlier work on lexicon acquisition based on machine readable dictionaries ( mrd ) : data are extracted from texts , as embodiments of language in use , so as to capture lexical regularities and to code them into operational forms . the purpose of this workshop will be to provide an updated snapshot of current work in the area , and promote discussion of how to make progress . central topics will be ( though this list is in no way exclusive ) : * corpus-driven tuning of mrds to optimize domain-specific inferences , * terminology and jargon acquisition , * sense extensions , * acquisition of preference or subcategorization information from corpora * taxonomy adaptation , * staistical weighting of senses etc . to domains * use of mrds to provide explanations of linguistic phenomena in corpora * what is the scope of """""""" lexical tuning """""""" * the evaluation of lexical tuning as a separate task , or as part of a more generic task organizers : roberto basili ( university of roma """""""" tor vergata """""""" ) , roberta catizone ( university of sheffield ) , maria teresa pazienza ( university of roma """""""" tor vergata """""""" ) , paola velardi ( university of roma """""""" la sapienza ) , yorick wilks ( university of sheffield ) preliminary program committee yorick wilks university of sheffield roberta catizone university of sheffield paola velardi university of roma """""""" la sapienza """""""" maria teresa pazienza university of roma """""""" tor vergata """""""" roberto basili university of roma """""""" tor vergata """""""" bran boguraev brandeis university sergei nirenburg new mexico state university james pustejowsky brandeis university ralph grishman new york university christiane fellbaum princeton university paper submission formatting guidelines : papers should not exceed 4000 words or 10 pages . hard copies : three hard copies should be sent to : paola velardi dipartimento di scienza dell ' informazione via salaria 113 00198 roma italy electronic submission : electronic submission will be allowed in poscript or word per mac or rtf . an ftp site will be available on demand . authors should send an info email to paola velardi ( velardi @ dsi . uniroma1 . it ) even if they submit in paper form . an electronic submission should be accompanied by a plain ascii text . # name : name of first author # title : title of the paper # pages : number of pages # files : name of file ( if also submitted electronically ) # note : anything you 'd like to add # keys : keywords # email : email of the first author # abstr : abstract of the paper important dates paper submission deadline ( hard copy / electronic ) february 20 paper notification march 20 camera - ready papers due april 15 l&ct workshop may 26 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = prof . paola velardi dipartimento di scienza dell ' informazione via salaria 113 universita ' """""""" la sapienza """""""" 00198 roma ph . + 39 - ( 0 ) 6-49918356 fax + 39 - ( 0 ) 6-8541842 8841964
  """",0
  2406,""""Subject: tsd98 - - 3rd call for papers
   
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - please pay attention : deadline for submissions is may , 15 ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - third announcement and call for papers a workshop on text , speech and dialog ( tsd ' 98 ) brno , czech republic , 23-26 september 1998 the workshop is organized by the faculty of informatics , masaryk university , brno , and the faculty of applied sciences , university of west bohemia , pilsen , under the auspices of the dean of the faculty of informatics of masaryk university . please visit the workshop 's homepage : http : / / www . fi . muni . cz / tsd98 / venue brno , czech republic topics tsd ' 98 will be concerned with topics in the field of natural language processing , in particular : - corpora , texts and transcription - speech analysis , recognition and synthesis - their intertwining within nl dialog systems . topics of the workshop will include ( but are not limited to ) : - text corpora and tagging - transcription problems in spoken corpora - sense disambiguation - links between text and speech oriented systems - parsing issues , especially parsing problems in spoken texts - multilingual issues , especially multilingual dialog systems - information retrieval and text / topic summarization - speech modeling - speech segmentation - speech recognition - text - to-speech synthesis - dialog systems - development of dialog strategies - assistive technologies based on speech and dialog - applied systems and software program committee baudoin genevieve ( france ) ferencz attila ( romania ) hanks patrick ( great britain , chair ) hermansky hynek ( usa ) kopecek ivan ( czech republic ) krishnamurthy ramesh ( great britain ) matousek vaclav ( czech republic ) mueller johannes ( germany ) noeth elmar ( germany ) pala karel ( czech republic ) pavesic nikola ( slovenia ) rubio antonio ( spain ) schukat - talamazzini e . guenter ( germany ) skrelin pavel ( russia ) organizing committee bartek ludek batusek robert komarkova dana ( secretary ) e-mail : dkomar @ fi . muni . cz kopecek ivan ( chair ) e-mail : kopecek @ fi . muni . cz matousek vaclav pala karel smrz pavel staudek jan zackova eva ( principal contact ) e-mail : glum @ fi . muni . cz zizka jan submission of papers abstracts of no more than 500 words [ plain ascii text only , please ] should be submitted to the following e-mail address on or before may 15 , 1998 : glum @ fi . muni . cz submissions should include , in addition to the abstract itself , the name of the author ( s ) , affiliation , address , telephone number , fax number , and e-mail address . electronic submissions will be acknowledged by e-mail , so please contact us if no acknowledgement is received . acceptance of submissions will likewise be notified by e-mail . accepted papers will be published in the proceedings of tsd ' 98 . authors of abstracts that are accepted will be requested to send their papers in postscript form ( in llncs format ) to the above by e-mail before august 17th . latex word processor is preferred but not required . format instructions ( and llncs latex format ) will be sent to authors together with the notification of acceptance . requests for participation will be processed on a """""""" first come first served """""""" basis . important dates friday , may 15 , 1998 . . . . . submissions of abstracts due tuesday , june 30 , 1998 . . . . . notification of acceptance sent to the authors monday , august 17 , 1998 . . . . . final papers ( camera ready ) due wednesday , september 23 , 1998 . . . . . . workshop date fees and costs registration fee : 80 . - usd ( includes proceedings , refreshments , social events and trip ) accommodation and food : double room ( shared with other participant ) : 130 . - usd single room : 190 . - usd the full cost of the workshop will therefore be either 210 , - usd or 270 , - usd , depending on whether accommodation is shared . further details will be announced later . official language the official language of the event will be english , but papers on issues relating to text and speech processing in languages other than english are strongly encouraged . address all correspondence regarding the workshop should be addressed to : dana komarkova faculty of informatics masaryk university botanicka 68a 60200 brno czech republic tel . : + 420 5 41 512 359 fax : e-mail : dkomar @ fi . muni . cz outline of the programme all sessions of the workshop will be plenary ( no parallel sessions ) . the format will consist of paper presentations ( generally 20 minutes ) followed by discussion ( 10 minutes ) . the workshop will also include social events , an excursion to the faculty of informatics , masaryk university brno , and a trip in the vicinity of brno ( the moravian karst , including the beautiful macocha chasm ) . location hotel myslivna , where the workshop will take place , is a comfortable hotel in beautiful woods on a hill near a natural reservation area very close to brno . the surrounding is very quiet and suitable for walks and hiking ( jogging ) routes . brno is the capital of moravia , which is in the south-east part of the czech republic . it is the second-largest town in the czech republic ( with a population of about half a million ) . it had been a royal city since 1347 . there are six universities in brno . historical and artistic places of interest include : - - brno castle ( now called spilberk ) - - veveri castle - - the old and new city halls - - the augustine monastery , with st thomas ' church and crypt of moravian margraves - - the church of st james - - the """""""" bishops ' church """""""" of st peter & st paul - - the famous villa tugendhadt , designed by mies van der rohe - - many other important examples of czech architecture between the wars ( 1918-38 ) . in the immediate surroundings of brno are the moravian karst . with macocha chasm and punkva caves ; the site of the """""""" battle of the three emperors """""""" ( napoleon , alexander of russia , and franz of austria ) , commonly known as the battle of austerlitz ; the chateau of slavkov ( austerlitz ) ; pernstejn castle ; and many other attractions . how to reach brno brno can be reached easily by direct trains from prague , vienna , bratislava , and budapest , or by plane to vienna and then by coach or train ( 130 km ) . another possibility is to go by plane to prague and then travel about 200 km by coach or train . further travel details will be given in future announcements . please accept our apologies if you receive multiple copies of this cfp : it was sent to several mailing-lists .
  """",0
  2407,""""Subject: call : nystesol applied linguistics winter conference
   
   first call for proposals ( please forward to interested lists and individuals ) 21st annual nystesol applied linguistics winter conference lehman college / cuny bronx , ny saturday , january 23rd , 1999 esol standards : achievements , assessments - - - - - - - keynote speaker : eric nadelstern of the international h . s . at laguardia community college , queens will talk on """""""" performance - based assessment standards for esol students and their teachers . """""""" - - - - - - - proposals due : * * * weds . sept . 23 * * * mail to ms . bhar arsoy , proposal chair fort george station , ps box 251 new york , ny 10040 general suggested topics * academic achievement of esol students in language learning and other content areas * articulation efforts across grades or levels * standards for admission , retention , promotion , and graduation of esol students and their impact at all levels of education * assessment practices , models , and instruments for esol students in language learning and other content areas : analyses , innovations , and critiques * esol teacher education : standards for entrance , retention , promotion , and graduation * using technology to support and assess achievement * achieving and assessing progmatic and sociolinguistic development instructions for proposal submissions : please follow exactly ! individual papers , workshops , and publishers demonstrations are alloted 45 minutes ( publishers and other commercial presenteras are required to pay the exhibitor 's fee ) panel sessions ( several speakers - - one theme ) can be scheduled as either one 45 minute session or one 1 1 / 2 hour session . all presenters must register for the conference . while all presentations will be considered , those which deal directly with the topic will be given preference . 1 . submit 8 copies of a summary of your proposals , maximum length 1 page double spaced . neither your name nor affiliation should appear anywhere on these 8 copies . however , in the upper left hand corner of each copy , you should give the following information : ( 1 ) title , ( 2 ) type of presentation ( paper , workshop , publisher , or panel ) ; ( 3 ) length ( 45 min . or 1 1 / 2 hours ) ; ( 4 ) intended audience ( s ) ( prek , elementary , secondary , adult , higher ed , bilingual , mainstream , teacher educators , materials / curriculum developers , researchers ) ; and ( 5 ) av equipment needed 2 . on a 9th copy ( identical to the copies in # 1 ) , in the upper-right hand corner , place your name , affiliation , mailing address , phone , fax & e-mail , and times you will not be available to present on january 23 ( a . m . or p . m , ) 3 . in addition , submit a 50 word ( max ) abstact of your presentation to appear in the conference program . include the name ( s ) of presenter ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , title and type of presnation , length , and intended audience ( s ) . 4 . absolutely no e-mail or faxes accepted . snail mair only . please ensure that your proposal packet reaches the proposal chair no later than wed . . sept . 23 , 1998 . questions should be addressed to dr . joye smith , alsig chair 718 960 7242 5 . some presentations submitted may look promissing , but the summary and title are occasionally unclear , unattractive to the intended audience or inconsistent with one another . please make every effort to create clear , well-written , engaging , and appropriate titles and summaries . please forward this message to interested lists or individuals michael newman assistant professor of applied linguistics dept . of linguistics and communications disorders queens college / cuny flushing , ny 11367
  """",0
  2408,""""Subject: creating sense
   
   * * * second call for papers * * * creating sense : texts and realities organized by the department of english language & literature national university of singapore with cambridge university press and materials development association ( matsda ) 7 - 9 september , 1998 venue : orchard hotel , singapore keynote presenters : david nunan ( university of hong kong ) liz hamp - lyons ( hong kong polytechnic university ) mario rinvolucri ( pilgrims , canterbury ) jane arnold ( university of seville ) our conference web-site : http : / / nusinfo . nus . sg / nusinfo / fass / ell / createsense98 * * * call for papers * * * the conference organisers invite papers , both theoretical and practical , that explore and characterise some of the main ways in which language is used to create """""""" sense """""""" in contemporary life . we encourage papers that present recent developments and address significant theoretical issues in studies of language and discourse , and that explore ideas and applications in the broad domains of language education and media studies . parallel papers will last for 30 minutes , with 10 additional minutes for discussion . * * * call for workshops * * * the organisers invite proposals for 3 - hour afternoon workshop sessions , from intending conference participants ( not only paper presenters ) who are willing to take on the role of workshop leader . the main aim of workshops is to provide participants with opportunities to become actively involved in developing , adapting or evaluating educational materials in language education and media studies , on topics related to the major theoretical issues arising from the conference theme . workshops can be planned for 3 , 6 , or 9 hours . please send abstracts of about 200 words to the programme committee , in accordance with the guidelines that follow . write or ( preferably ) e-mail to : programme committee ( attention : d . allison ) """""""" creating sense """""""" conference department of english language & literature national university of singapore 10 kent ridge crescent singapore 119260 departmental fax : ( 65 ) - 7732981 e - mail : ellconlk @ nus . edu . sg guidelines for submissions : your abstract must specify the category ( paper or workshop ) of the proposed presentation . please submit three anonymous copies of the abstract ( including the title of your paper or workshop ) for review purposes , plus a fourth copy that includes the author 's name and affiliation . please also include a notecard ( size 3 """""""" by 5 """""""" ) , stating author 's name , affiliation , title of paper or workshop , contact telephone and fax numbers , e-mail address , and postal address . paper presenters are asked to specify any special requirements for their presentation . ( all rooms will have overhead projectors . ) workshop presenters are asked to specify the intended length of the workshop ( a workshop may run for 3 , 6 or 9 hours ) and to specify any special requirements for their workshop session . deadline for abstracts : 15 may 1998 replies will be sent by end may 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - conference theme - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the focus of this conference will be on notions of """""""" creating """""""" or """""""" making """""""" sense , both in education and more widely throughout society . """""""" making sense """""""" sounds reassuringly uncontroversial , and it has taken the insights of jerome bruner in the 1960s , and of michael halliday and his associates in recent years , to bring out the richness of meaning that this expression can carry . it is now widely accepted that sense is not simply """""""" there """""""" in the world , waiting to be discovered and documented , but that it is actually created by human beings in societies . the idea that """""""" reality """""""" is """""""" created """""""" in language also implies that there must be more than one reality , and that a number of realities can be articulated and compared . these possibilities carry major implications for language education , social identity and participation - - or , less reassuringly , for educational and social exclusion . the thematic emphasis of this conference on """""""" creating sense """""""" , then , includes the essential notions that any single form of sense can also be questioned and """""""" unmade """""""" , and that alternative kinds of sense can be remade or """""""" re-created """""""" through texts . making , unmaking and remaking meanings are fundamental aspects of social and educational experience , from infancy through primary and secondary school years and beyond , continuing into adulthood and maturity . much education has to do with learning to think , talk and write about things in ways that differ from the initial """""""" commonsense """""""" knowledge or belief that children have already acquired in their communities . to bring this about without undermining what is valid and valued in children 's lives is an enormously challenging and problematic social and cultural activity . that it is also a necessary one can be argued both in terms of mainstream rationality ( the development of scientific thinking being a prime example here ) and of critical awareness , which includes learning to deconstruct powerful people 's accounts of how the world is and ought to be , and to propose alternative accounts . full participation in social and political life is only possible when people have learned , as ronald carter has put it , how to """""""" see through language """""""" . these concerns over creating , questioning and re-creating sense are explored in this conference in relation to two domains , those of language education and media studies . in the context of formal education , learners have both to discern meaning in what is offered to them and actively to make """""""" their own """""""" meanings as they interpret and analyse experience from a variety of perspectives which may be proposed to them or discovered by them . all this raises important issues of participation and exclusion relating to learners ' personal and social explorations of language , and the ways in which these two modes of exploration may be related . the conference will pursue these concerns in the broad context of language education as its first domain . the second conference domain is that of media studies , with particular attention to media discourse and reality construction . the conference seeks to bring to light some of the ways in which realities , like stories , are invented , told , represented and mediated through available technologies . diverse experiences and accounts of reality are constructed through the interplay of language and image . these can , for instance , be presented as fantasies , fictional explorations of experience , docu-dramas or documentary coverage of events , among other things . the impact of such accounts on audiences and """""""" the public """""""" depends on many social , cultural and educational factors , but the need for modern citizens to be able to make their own sense of accounts that are offered to them , and also to offer accounts of their own , increasingly appears fundamental to effective social participation as well as to social critique . the conference looks to stimulate debate that is grounded in - - - or informedly set against - - - current theories , practices and findings of teaching and research communities in language and communication studies . another main aim is to suggest guidelines for informed , responsible and reflective practice in the domains of language education and media studies . a theme of particular interest , to be developed especially in workshop mode , is that of materials writing for educational purposes in both conference domains .
  """",0
  2409,""""Subject: nlp + ia ' 98 on all aspects of nlp
   
   a number of colleagues have been wondering if nlp + ia ' 98 is mainly about language learning & teaching . the answer is no ! call is getting a special attention not the exclusivity . all aspects of nlp are welcome ! 400 word abstract submissions may 5th 1998 . notification : june 15 , 1998 camera - ready of full papers : august 1st , 1998 chadia moghrabi call for papers & exhibits = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = appel aux communications & expositions = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = international conference on natural language processing and industrial applications nlp + ia 98 > > > special accent on computer assisted language learning < < < conference internationale sur le traitement automatique des langues et ses applications industrielles tal + ai 98 > > > attention speciale portee a l ' enseignement de la langue < < < august / aout 18 - 21 , 1998 moncton , new - brunswick , canada come to canada this summer . . . iwnlg august 5 - 7 in niagara - on-the - lake coling - acl & workshops august 10-16 in montreal nlp + ia / call august 18-21 in moncton topics of interest : the nlp study group ( gretal ) at l ' universite de moncton is organizing its second international conference on nlp and industrial applications . this year a special attention is given to computer assisted language learning & teaching . papers are invited on all aspects of natural language processing , including , but not limited to , * computer assisted language learning & teaching , * natural language understanding and generation of textual , spoken and hand-written language , * natural language interfaces to databases , expert systems , or industrial applications * machine translation , computer aided translation , translation aids , * syntax , semantics , pragmatics , lexicon , morphology , * dictionaries , corpora , & other language resources * multimodality * multilinguality * nlp industrial applications * papers of every kind that can help bridge the gap between the theory and practice of nlp in general and language learning in particular . language : authors are invited to submit preliminary versions of their papers not exceeding 400 words ( exclusive of references ) either in english or in french , the two official languages of the conference . proceedings would be published in the language of the submitted texts . final versions would be around 7 - 8 pages . submission : 1 ) the first page should be an identification page containing the title , the authors ' names , affiliations , addresses , a five ( 5 ) keyword list specifying the subject area , a five ( 5 ) line summary , and the name and address of the contact person . title / titre : authors info / auteurs et infos : keywords / mots clefs : summary / resume : contact person / personne contact : 2 ) abstracts should not exceed 400 words in length excluding references ( 12 pt , times roman , 1 inch margins ( 2 , 5 cm ) all around ; if using a4 please keep text within 19cm x 25 , 5 cm ) . 3 ) the identification page and the abstract should be submitted in 4 hard copies ( 12 pt , times roman , 1 inch margins ( 2 , 5 cm ) all around ; if using a4 please keep text within 19 cm x 25 , 5 cm ) to : nlp + ia 98 / tal + ai 98 pr . chadia moghrabi geta , clips , imag 385 rue de la bibliotheque bp 53 x 38041 grenoble cedex 9 france phone : + 33 4 76 51 4369 fax : + 33 4 76 51 4405 e - mail : nlp + ia-98 @ imag . fr 4 ) the identification page should also be e-mailed in plain text . refereeing : all submissions shall be refereed by three members of the program committee . international program committee : anne de roeck ( essex , uk ) arnold smith ( nrc , canada ) chadia moghrabi ( moncton , canada ) christian boitet ( geta , grenoble , france ) chrysanne dimarco ( logos , waterloo , canada ) eric wehrli ( geneva , switzerland ) eva hajicova ( charles u . , prague ) genvieve caelen - haumont ( geod , grenoble , france ) graeme hirst ( toronto , canada ) harry bunt ( tilburg , netherlands ) henry hamburger ( george mason , usa ) howard hamilton ( regina , canada ) jean - pierre chanod ( xerox , france ) johanna moore ( pennsylvania , usa ) john hutchins ( east anglia , uk ) john tait ( sunderland , uk ) junichi tsujii ( umist & tokyo , japan ) kathleen mccoy ( delaware , usa ) margaret king ( issco , switzerland ) manfred stede ( tu - berlin , germany ) marcel cori ( paris-7 , france ) mark seligman ( geta-clips & red pepper , usa ) michael levison ( queens , canada ) nicoletta calzolari ( ilc / cnr , pisa , italy ) pierre isabelle ( rali , montreal , canada ) pierrette bouillon ( geneva , switzerland ) paul tarau ( moncton , canada ) remi chadel ( inxight , xerox , france ) roberto basili ( roma , italy ) ruddy lelouche ( laval , canada ) susan armstrong ( issco , geneva , switzerland ) thierry chanier ( franche - comte , france ) thierry van steenberghe ( louvain - la - neuve , belgium ) veronica dahl ( simon fraser , canada ) yael ravin ( ibm , usa ) yorick wilks ( sheffield , uk ) schedule : submissions are due now on may 5th 1998 . notification of receipt will be mailed to the contact person soon after receipt . authors will be notified of acceptance by 15 june 1998 . camera - ready copies of final full papers must be received by the 1st of august 1998 along with registration fees . participants are also requested to indicate their intention to participate in the conference as soon as possible to the same e-mail address with the single word intention in the subject line . exhibits : anyone wishing to arrange an exhibit or present a demonstration should send a brief electronic description along with a specification of physical requirements ( table size , power , telephone connections , number of chairs , etc . ) to the same address with the single word exhibit in the subject line . other activities : accompanying persons can enjoy the lovely outdoor living in new - brunswick and visit the highest tides in the world . moncton is only 20km away from the sandy beaches of shediac , la capitale mondiale du homard . conference organization : the conference is organized by gretal , groupe d ' etude sur le traitement automatique des langues at the universite ' de moncton in cooperation with geta-clips at l ' universite ' joseph fourier in grenoble . the members of the organizing committee are : chadia moghrabi , professor of computer science , conference chair jalal almhana , director & professor of computer science julien chiasson , professor of computer science sadek eid , professor of industrial engineering , director manufacturing technology centre boubaker meddeb - hamrouni , researcher geta & winsoft paul tarau , professor of computer science
  """",0
  2410,""""Subject: conference on catalan studies ( linguistic section )
   
   fifteenth german conference on catalan studies university of freiburg im breisgau october 2 - october 4 , 1998 provisional program of the linguistic section the linguistic sections of the 15th german conference on catalan studies ( 15 . deutscher katalanistentag / xv col . loqui germano - catala ) , organized by the department of romance languages of freiburg university and the german association of catalan studies ( deutscher katalanistenverband / associacio germano - catalana ) and to be held on the premises of freiburg 's albert - ludwigs - university , will include the following papers on linguistic , sociolinguistic and translation topics : * heiner boehmer ( wiesbaden ) : """""""" alguns reflexos de contactes interculturals europeus en les etimologies de joan coromines """""""" * vicent cabanes fitor ( alcoi ) : """""""" varietats diatopiques en la traduccio catalana de la vita christi de st . joan bonaventura de 1522 """""""" * jaume corbera / brauli montoya ( palma de mallorca ) : """""""" la utilitat dels enregistraments audiovisuals per a l ' estudi del llenguatge no verbal """""""" * annette endruschat ( leipzig ) : """""""" funktionen und verwendung der katalanischen praeposition amb im vergleich mit den komitativen praepositionen in anderen romanischen sprachen """""""" * gottfried ernst ( freiburg i . br . ) : """""""" die neue katalanische sprachgesetzgebung und ihr quebecker vorbild """""""" * cristina gelpi-arroyo ( barcelona ) : """""""" la lexicografia bilingue catala-alemany , alemany-catala : proposta d ' avaluacio """""""" * thomas gergen ( poitiers / saarbruecken ) : """""""" pau e treva in den usatges de barcelona """""""" * ulrich gierth ( kehl ) : """""""" anmerkungen zu einigen vogelnamen in den woerterbuechern """""""" * josep r . guzman pitarch ( castello de la plana ) : """""""" modalitat i traduccio : particules modals i traduccions al catala de das fraeulein von scuderi """""""" * brenda laca ( strasbourg ) : """""""" les perifrasis catalanes """""""" * birgit lotz ( frankfurt am main ) : """""""" katalanischlernen im internet """""""" * joan - antoni mesquida cantallops ( palma de mallorca ) : """""""" el llenguatge cientific i tecnic en catala al segle xvii """""""" * christian muench ( munich ) : """""""" normalitzacio linguistica : einige bemerkungen aus der sicht der schreibforschung """""""" * constanze noufal ( tuebingen ) : """""""" diachronische betrachtungen der kenntnis der katalanischen sprache in catalunya nord """""""" * adolf piquer / birte ulig ( salamanca ) : """""""" sobre els marcadors discursius en el relat : una aproximacio contrastiva catala / alemany """""""" * artur quintana ( heidelberg / speyer ) : """""""" manuel sanchis guarner i la descoberta del carxe """""""" * carsten sinner ( potsdam / mallorca ) : """""""" mallorquinisch : ein unbekannter dialekt ? - ueber die mallorquinischkenntnisse der katalanen """""""" * joan m . vallve ( brussel / barcelona ) : """""""" la llengua a les institucions de la unio europea """""""" * antonio vano-cerda ( palma de mallorca ) : """""""" untersuchungen zum themenkomplex von ser und estar im katalanischen """""""" in order to get a complete program of the conference , including abstracts of the above mentioned papers , a list of papers on literature topics , plenary speeches and round tables , general information and a registration form , please write to : * albert - ludwigs - universitaet , romanisches seminar / lektorat fuer katalanisch , werthmannplatz 3 , d-79085 freiburg im breisgau ( germany ) , fax + 49 / 76 61 / 63 10 , e-mail : pusch @ uni-freiburg . de or have a look at the following url : http : / / www . uni-muenster . de / romanistik / dkv / colloqui . htm claus d . pusch * * * * * * * * * * * * * * albert - ludwigs - universitaet freiburg romanisches seminar werthmannplatz 3 - d-79085 freiburg i . br . ( germany ) tel . ( + 49 ) 0761-203 - 3172 - fax ( + 49 ) 0761-203 - 3195 http : / / omnibus . uni-freiburg . de / ~ pusch /
  """",0
  2411,""""Subject: translation
   
   translation into the second language stuart campbell paper 0 582 30188 2 224 pages 1998 applied linguistics and language study series longman the dynamics of immigration , international commerce and the postcolonial world make it inevitable that much translation is done into a second language , despite the prevailing wisdom that translators should only work into their mother tongue . this book is the first study to explore the phenomenon of translation into a second language in a way that will interest applied linguists , translators and translation teachers , and esol teachers working with advanced level students . rather than seeing translation into a second language as deficient output , this study adopts an interlanguage framework to consider l2 translation as the product of developing competence ; learning to translate is seen as a special variety of second language acquisition . through carefully worked case studies , separate components of translation competence are identified , among them the ability to create stylistically authentic texts in english , the ability to monitor and edit output , and the psychological attitudes that the translator brings to the task . while the case studies mainly deal with arabic speakers undergoing translator training in australia , the conclusions will have implications for translation into a second language , especially english , around the world . ' translation into the second language ' is firmly grounded in empirical research , and in this regard it serves as a stimulus and a methodological guide for further research . it will be a valuable addition for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of applied linguistics , translation theory , bilingualism and second language acquisition as well as those involved in teaching or practising translation at a professional level . stuart campbell associate professor in language studies , and director of the language acquisition research centre at the university of western sydney macarthur . further information on the books published in this series , and the table of contents for this title can be viewed at the longman linguistics on-line catalogue at : http : / / www . awl-he . com / linguistics for a complete listing of our world-wide offices , please click below : http : / / www . awl-he . com / offices available for review
  """",0
  2412,""""Subject: 8th seals , kuala lumpur , programme
   
   universiti kebangsaan malaysia south east asian linguistics society eighth annual meeting of the south east asian linguistics society 20 , 21 and 22 july 1998 brisdale value inn , 65 jalan haji hussein , 50300 kuala lumpur , malaysia for additional information , please contact david gil jabatan audiologi dan sains pertuturan fakulti sains kesihatan bersekutu universiti kebangsaan malaysia jln raja muda abdul aziz kuala lumpur , 50300 , malaysia telephone / facsimile : 60 - 3-291 - 4230 email : dgil @ copland . udel . edu programme monday , 20 july 0800 - 0850 registration 0850 - 0900 opening session 1 malay grammar 0900 - 0930 interrogatives in the malay classical text of sejarah melayu rogayah a . razak universiti malaya , kuala lumpur , malaysia 0930 - 1000 on valence relations in malay verbal prefixation jyh wee sew university of otago , dunedin , new zealand 1000 - 1030 the accessibility hierarchy revisited : the syntax and semantics of resumptive pronouns in malay patrick a . schindler universitat tubingen , tubingen , germany 1030 - 1100 refreshments session 2 malay discourse and pragmatics 1100 - 1130 taboo in malay : a relevance theoretic approach nor hashimah jalaluddin universiti kebangsaan malaysia , bangi , malaysia 1130 - 1200 a comparison of topic selection and organisation and discourse strategies employed in the malay news broadcasts of four countries gloria r . poedjosoedarmo nanyang technological university , singapore 1200 - 1230 prosody and the segmentation of malay discourse zuraidah mohd don universiti malaya , kuala lumpur , malaysia 1230 - 1400 lunch session 3 malay phonology 1400 - 1430 word stress in malay janet y . yong universiti malaya , kuala lumpur , malaysia 1430 - 1500 the syllabification of high vowels in malay : a constraint - based analysis zaharani ahmad universiti kebangsaan malaysia , bangi , malaysia 1500 - 1530 fusion and alignment in malay ann delilkan new york university , new york , usa 1530 - 1600 refreshments session 4 malay psycholinguistics and malay dialects 1600 - 1630 the acquisition of long distance wh questions in singaporean malay norhaida aman and gabriella hermon university of delaware , newark , usa 1630 - 1700 morphological structure of bahasa melayu : psycholinguistic analyses of rated familiarity lee lay choo , susan j . rickard liow , and wee may ling olivia national university of singapore , singapore 1700 - 1730 malayic variants in southwestern borneo : gerai and sepotong jim collins universiti kebangsaan malaysia , bangi , malaysia 1730 - 1800 kuala lumpur malay as a mainland southeast asian language david gil universiti kebangsaan malaysia , kuala lumpur , malaysia and university of delaware , newark , usa 1930 - dinner tuesday , 21 july session 5 malay , thai and vietnamese grammar 0830 - 0900 kata majmuk dalam bahasa melayu dan bahasa thai suatu analisis perbandingan morfologi sumalee nimmanupap ramkhamhaeng university , bangkok , thailand 0900 - 0930 grammaticalization of deverbal markers in thai : toward a crosslinguistic study in semantic extension of path verbs ruetaivan kessakul and toshio ohori university of tokyo , tokyo , japan 0930 - 1000 a typological and semantic analysis of the relationship between causatives and passives in the periphrastic ' give ' constructions of some east and southeast asian languages yap foong ha and shoichi iwasaki ucla , los angeles , usa 1000 - 1030 refreshments session 6 mon - khmer 1030 - 1100 aslian and the other branches of mon - khmer gerard diffloth nongkhai , thailand 1100 - 1130 reduplication in m ' nong language dinh le thu vietnam national university , ho chi minh city , vietnam 1130 - 1200 tai and vietnamese irrigated rice technology and culture : a preliminary comparative linguistics study of borrowing john hartmann northern illinois university , de kalb , usa 1200 - 1230 some remarks on the thai word """""""" na """""""" in the muong languages in hoa binh tran tri doi vietnam national university , hanoi , vietnam 1230 - 1400 lunch session 7 vietnamese and languages of vietnam 1400 - 1430 a comparison of some old thai orthographies in west nghe an , vietnam tran tri doi vietnam national university , hanoi , vietnam 1430 - 1500 a unified analysis of some vietnamese reduplication patterns sonny x . vu massachusetts institute of technology , cambridge , usa 1500 - 1530 the ' softeners ' in some modal structures in vietnamese when teaching overseas students nguyen thien nam vietnam national university , hanoi , vietnam 1530 - 1600 notes on the nghe an dialect of central vietnam mark j . alves and nguyen duy huong university of hawai ' i , honolulu , usa and institute of linguistics in hanoi , hanoi , vietnam 1600 - 1630 refreshments session 8 tibeto - burman 1630 - 1700 nominal auxiliaries in lai george bedell international christian university , tokyo , japan 1700 - 1730 the phonology and syntax of mizo language s . l . chhangte government college , serchhip , india 1730 - 1800 is chakma language facing extinction ? s . ganguly north - eastern hill university , tura , india 1930 - dinner wednesday , 22 july session 9 austro - tai , austronesian , and malayo - polynesian 0830 - 0900 evolution of the scale of notation in the austronesian languages h . m . zarbaliyev baku institute of public administration and political sciences , baku , azerbaijan 0900 - 0930 demonstratives in proto - malayo - polynesian and proto - austronesian joseph c . finney monterey , usa 0930 - 1000 a western malayo - polynesian metaphor bernd nothofer universitat frankfurt , frankfurt , germany 1000 - 1030 pl , pr > t ? a note on benedict 's ' austro - tai ' walter schuhmacher roskilde technical college , gadstrup , denmark 1030 - 1100 refreshments session 10 peranakan languages 1100 - 1130 malay lexicalised items in penang peranakan hokkien teo boon seong and lim beng soon national university of singapore , singapore 1130 - 1200 socio - phonology : the case of the language of the peranakan chinese of kelantan , malaysia teo kok seong universiti kebangsaan malaysia , bangi , malaysia 1200 - 1230 business meeting 1230 - 1400 lunch session 11 austronesian categories ; philippine dictionaries 1400 - 1430 problems in tagalog morphological categorisation carl rubino australian national university , canberra , australia 1430 - 1500 are there ' precategorial ' morphemes in austronesian languages ? adrian clynes universiti brunei darussalam , brunei darussalam 1500 - 1530 lsp and the need for monolingual dictionaries gunter schaarschmidt university of victoria , victoria , canada 1530 - 1600 concordances in the study of english and philippine languages curtis d . mcfarland waseda university , chiba - shi , japan 1600 - 1630 refreshments session 12 austronesian languages of borneo , sulawesi and vietnam 1630 - 1700 lexical decomposition and locative predicates in bonggi michael boutin institut linguistik sil , kota kinabalu , malaysia 1700 - 1730 ' case ' particles in bolaang mongondow : towards an unitary account ruben stoel leiden university , leiden , the netherlands 1730 - 1800 the development of contrastive accent in makassarese uri tadmor university of hawai ' i , honolulu , usa 1800 - 1830 the direction of monosyllabicity in the language of raglai nguyen van hue vietnam university , ho chi minh city , vietnam 1930 - dinner
  """",0
  2413,""""Subject: icgi-98
   
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for participation fourth international colloquium on grammatical inference ( icgi-98 ) http : / / www . cs . iastate . edu / ~ icgi98 / icgi98 . html program co - chairs : vasant honavar and giora slutzki iowa state university july 12-14 , 1998 iowa state university ames , iowa , usa . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cosponsored by international institute of theoretical and applied physics iowa state university and in cooperation with american association for artificial intelligence ieee systems , man , and cybernetics society acl special interest group on natural language learning - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - grammatical inference , variously refered to as automata induction , grammar induction , and automatic language acquisition , refers to the process of learning of grammars and languages from data . machine learning of grammars finds a variety of applications in syntactic pattern recognition , adaptive intelligent agents , diagnosis , computational biology , systems modelling , prediction , natural language acquisition , data mining and knowledge discovery . traditionally , grammatical inference has been studied by researchers in several research communities including : information theory , formal languages , automata theory , language acquisition , computational linguistics , machine learning , pattern recognition , computational learning theory , neural networks , etc . perhaps one of the first attempts to bring together researchers working on grammatical inference for an interdisciplinary exchange of research results took place under the aegis of the first colloquium on grammatical inference held at the university of essex in united kingdom in april 1993 . this was followed by the ( second ) international colloquium on grammatical inference , held at alicante in spain , the proceedings of which were published by springer - verlag as volume 862 of the lectures notes in artificial intelligence , and the third international colloquium on grammatical inference , held at montpellier in france , the proceedings of which were published by springer - verlag as volume 1147 of the lecture notes in artificial intelligence . following the success of these events and the workshop on automata induction , grammatical inference , and language acquisition , held in conjunction with the international conference on machine learning at nashville in united states in july 1997 , the fourth international colloquium on grammatical inference will be held from july 12 through july 14 , 1998 , at iowa state university in united states . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the conference seeks to provide a forum for presentation and discussion of original research papers on all aspects of grammatical inference including , but not limited to : * different models of grammar induction : e . g . , learning from examples , learning using examples and queries , incremental versus non-incremental learning , distribution-free models of learning , learning under various distributional assumptions ( e . g . , simple distributions ) , impossibility results , complexity results , characterizations of representational and search biases of grammar induction algorithms . * algorithms for induction of different classes of languages and automata : e . g . , regular , context-free , and context-sensitive languages , interesting subsets of the above under additional syntactic constraints , tree and graph grammars , picture grammars , multi-dimensional grammars , attributed grammars , parameterized models , etc . * theoretical and experimental analysis of different approaches to grammar induction including artificial neural networks , statistical methods , symbolic methods , information-theoretic approaches , minimum description length , and complexity-theoretic approaches , heuristic methods , etc . * broader perspectives on grammar induction - - e . g . , acquisition of grammar in conjunction with language semantics , semantic constraints on grammars , language acquisition by situated agents and robots , acquisition of language constructs that describe objects and events in space and time , developmental and evolutionary constraints on language acquisition , etc . * demonstrated or potential applications of grammar induction in natural language acquisition , computational biology , structural pattern recognition , information retrieval , text processing , adaptive intelligent agents , systems modelling and control , and other domains . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - invited papers 1 . j . feldman , international computer science institute and university of california , berkeley , ca , usa . topic : natural language acquisition ( exact title to be announced ) . 2 . a . brazma , european bioinformatics institute , cambridge . topic : pattern discovery in biosequences . ( exact title to be announced ) . list of accepted papers 1 . stochastic regular tree language inference , rafael c . carrasco , jose oncina and jorge calera 2 . the data driven approach applied to the ostia algorithm , jose oncina 3 . approximate learning of random subsequential transducers , antonio castellanos 4 . how considering incompatible state mergings may reduce the dfa induction search tree , francois coste and jacques nicolas 5 . learning regular grammars to model musical style : comparing different coding schemes , p . p . cruz - alcazar and e . vidal - ruiz 6 . using symbol clustering to improve probabilistic automaton inference , pierre dupont and lin chase 7 . learning a subclass of context - free languages j . emerald , k . subramanian , and d . thomas 8 . learning a determinisitic finite automaton with a recurrent neural network , l firoiu , t oates , and p r cohen 9 . learning feature - based phrase - structure rules with the grammar inference tool , b . geistert 10 . learning stochastic finite automata from experts , colin de la higuera . 11 . a stochastic search approach to grammar induction hugues juille and jordan pollack 12 . grammar model and grammar induction in the system nl page , keselj 13 . results of the abbadingo one dfa learning competition and a new evidence driven state merging algorithm k . j . lang , b . a . pearlmutter and r . price 14 . transducer - learning experiments on language understanding pics and e . vidal 15 . learning k-variable pattern languages efficiently stochastically finite on average from positive data peter rossmanith and thomas zeugmann 16 . locally threshold testable languages in strict sense : application to the inference problem , jose ruiz , salvador espana , and pedro garcia 17 . grammatical inference in document recognition , saidi , tayeb - bey 18 . learning a subclass of linear languages from positive structural information , jose sempere and g . nagaraja 19 . why meaning helps learning syntax , isabelle tellier 20 . a performance evaluation of automatic survey classifiers , viechnicki 21 . applying grammatical inference by learning a language model for oral dialogue jacques chodorowski and laurent miclet 22 . a polynomial time incremental algorithm for learning dfa , r . parekh , c . nichitu , v . honavar - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - conference format and proceedings the conference will include oral and possibly poster presentations of accepted papers , a small number of tutorials and invited talks . all accepted papers will appear in the conference proceedings to be published by springer - verlag as a volume in the lecture notes in artificial intelligence which is part of the springer - verlag lecture notes in computer science series . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - financial support limited financial support might be available , subject to the availability of funds , for : * scientists ( especially junior researchers ) from developing countries , especially for those who can find other sources of support for extended visit at a us institution * graduate students and postdocs from us institutions additional details will be posted as they become available . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration information early registration deadline : may 21 , 1998 . presenting authors of accepted papers should register by may 11 , 1998 . registration fees : the conference registration includes the conference proceedings and the banquet ( on monday , july 13 , 1998 ) . * author / conference attendee o by may 21 , 1998 : us $ 200 o after may 21 , 1998 : us $ 250 * full - time student o by may 21 , 1998 : us $ 100 o after may 21 , 1998 : us $ 150 * airport shuttle : us $ 15 ( one way ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - program committee technical program chairs : vasant honavar and giora slutzki , iowa state university , usa . technical program committee : r . berwick , mit , usa a . brazma , european bioinformatics institute , cambridge , uk . m . brent , johns hopkins university , usa c . cardie , cornell university , usa w . daelemans , tilburg university , netherlands d . dowe , monash university , australia p . dupont , university jean monnet at st . etienne , france . d . estival , university of melbourne , australia j . feldman , international computer science institute , berkeley , usa l . giles , nec research institute , princeton , usa j . gregor , university of tennessee , usa c . de la higuera , university jean monnet at st . etienne , france a . itai , technion , israel t . knuutila , university of turku , finland j . koza , stanford university , usa k . lang , nec research institute , princeton , usa . m . li , university of waterloo , canada e . makinen , university of tampere , finland l . miclet , enssat , lannion , france . g . nagaraja , indian institute of technology , bombay , india h . ney , university of technology , aachen , germany j . nicolas , irisa , france r . parekh , allstate research and planning center , menlo park , usa l . pitt , university of illinois at urbana - champaign , usa d . powers , flinders university , australia l . reeker , national science foundation , usa y . sakakibara , tokyo denki university , japan . c . samuelsson , lucent technologies , usa a . sharma , university of new south wales , australia . e . vidal , u . politecnica de valencia , spain - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - local arrangements committee dale grosvenor , iowa state university , usa . k . balakrishnan , iowa state university , usa . r . bhatt , iowa state university , usa j . yang , iowa state university , usa . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - further details are available at : http : / / www . cs . iastate . edu / ~ icgi98 / icgi98 . html
  """",0
  2414,""""Subject: acm sac ' 99 - track on coordination
   
   preliminary call for papers and referees = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ( apologies if you receive multiple copies ) 1999 acm symposium on applied computing ( sac ' 99 ) special track on coordination models , languages and applications february 28 - march 2 , 1999 the menger , san antonio , texas , u . s . a . ( http : / / www . ucy . ac . cy / ucy / cs / sac99 . html ) sac ' 99 : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ over the past thirteen years , the acm symposium on applied computing ( sac ) has become a primary forum for applied computer scientists and application developers from around the world to interact and present their work . sac ' 99 is sponsored by the acm special interest groups sigada , sigapp , sigbio , and sigcue . authors are invited to contribute original papers in all areas of experimental computing and application development for the technical sessions . there will be a number of special tracks on such issues as programming languages , parallel and distributed computing , mobile and scientific computing , internet and the www , etc . coordination models , languages and applications track : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a new special track on coordination models , languages and applications will be held at sac ' 99 . the term """""""" coordination """""""" here is used in a rather broad sense covering traditional models and languages ( e . g . ones based on the shared dataspace and cham metaphors ) but also other related formalisms such as configuration and architectural description frameworks , systems modeling abstractions and languages , programming skeletons , etc . this track on coordination is held for the second time as part of acm sac 's events . the cfp for the acm sac ' 98 track attracted 33 submissions from 18 countries ; 8 of those submissions were accepted as regular papers and 4 more as short papers . major topics of interest include but are not limited to the following : * novel models , languages , programming and implementation techniques . * relationship with other computational models such as object oriented , declarative ( functional , logic , constraint ) programming or extensions of them with coordination capabilities . * applications ( especially where the industry is involved ) . * theoretical aspects ( semantics , reasoning , verification ) . * software architectures and software engineering techniques . * middleware platforms ( e . g . corba ) . * all aspects related to the modeling of information systems ( groupware , internet and the web , workflow management , cscw ) . track program chair : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ george a . papadopoulos department of computer science university of cyprus 75 kallipoleos str . , p . o . b . 537 cy-1678 , nicosia , cyprus e - mail : george @ cs . ucy . ac . cy tel : + 357 2 338705 / 06 , fax : + 357 2 339062 guidelines for submission : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ original papers from the above-mentioned or other related areas will be considered . this includes three categories of submissions : 1 ) original and unpublished research ; 2 ) reports of innovative computing applications in the arts , sciences , engineering , business , government , education and industry ; and 3 ) reports of successful technology transfer to new problem domains . each submitted paper will be fully refereed and undergo a blind review process by at least three referees . the accepted papers in all categories will be published in the acm sac ' 99 proceedings . there will also be a special issue of the journal of programming languages , chapman & hall ( http : / / www . chapmanhall . com / jp / default . html ) with expanded versions of selected papers from those that will be accepted for this special track as regular papers . submission guidelines must be strictly followed : * submit six ( 6 ) copies of original manuscripts to the sac ' 99 coordination models , languages and applications track program chair ( address shown above ) . alternatively , submit your paper electronically in uuencoded compressed postscript format ; this is strongly encouraged . fax submissions will not be accepted . * the author ( s ) name ( s ) and address ( es ) must not appear in the body of the paper , and self-reference should be in the third person . this is to facilitate blind review . * the body of the paper should not exceed 5 , 000 words ( approximately 15 pages , double-spaced ) . * a separate cover sheet ( in the case of electronic submission this should be sent separately from the main paper ) should show the title of the paper , the author ( s ) name ( s ) and affiliation ( s ) , and the address ( including e-mail , telephone , and fax ) to which correspondence should be sent . * all submissions must be received by august 17 , 1998 . anyone wishing to review papers for this special track should contact the track program chair at the address shown above . important dates : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * august 17 , 1998 : paper submission . * october 15 , 1998 : author notification . * december 1 , 1998 : camera - ready copy .
  """",0
  2415,""""Subject: vilem mathesius lecture series 13 - prague , nov . 98
   
   the vilem mathesius centre for research and education in semiotics and linguistics presents the vilem mathesius lecture series 13 november 9 - - 20 , 1998 prague , czech republic call for participation & call for grant applications the thirteenth cycle of the vilem mathesius lecture series , organized by the vilem mathesius centre for research and education in semiotics and linguistics ( charles university ) , will be held in prague , czech republic , from november 9 until 20 , 1998 . the scientific program will consist of the following invited courses ( usually three 90 minutes lectures ) : * emmon bach ( canada ) : """""""" problems of universal and parochial grammar """""""" * joan bresnan ( usa ) : """""""" optimal syntax """""""" * nicoletta calzolari ( italy ) : """""""" corpus based lexicon building """""""" * bernard comrie ( germany ) : """""""" ( 1 ) advances in our understanding of relative clauses . ( 2 ) form and function in reference-tracking systems . ( 3 ) agreement in tsez ( ne caucasian ) : a typological assessment . """""""" * edward l . keenan ( usa ) : < tba > * christian lehmann ( germany ) : """""""" typology of possession """""""" * karen sparck - jones ( england ) : """""""" information retrieval and language processing """""""" * hans uszkoreit ( germany ) : """""""" modelling of linguistic performance """""""" * bonnie webber ( usa ) : < tba > we are still waiting for confirmation from m . a . k . halliday , and h - j . lieb . among the czech lecturers invited to vmc 13 are frantisek cermak , miroslav cervenka , jan firbas , jan hajic , eva hajicova , jaroslav peregrin , and petr sgall . the exact time schedule will be announced later . grants ( deadline : may 31 , 1998 ) a limited number of grants is available for students from post-communist countries . the deadline for application is * may 31 , 1998 * . ideally , an application for a grant should include a letter of motivation and a letter of recommendation by a supervisor . applications should be send to professor eva hajicova at the address below . applicants will be notified by the end of june regarding approval of their application . participation ( deadline : september 15 , 1998 ) the participation fee for vmc 13 is usd 350 , which includes tuition fee , accommodation , and lunches . in order to ensure accommodation , ( paying ) participants should register before * september 15 , 1998 * . please contact mrs . brdickova or prof . hajicova at the following address for registration or further information . mrs . libuse brdickova institute of formal and applied linguistics ufal mff uk malostranske nam . 25 cz-11800 praha 1 czech republic { hajicova , brdickov } @ ufal . mff . cuni . cz ( phone ) + + 420 - 2-2191 - 4278 ( fax ) + + 420 - 2-2191 - 4309 check our website at http : / / kwetal . ms . mff . cuni . cz / ~ gj / vmc / . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - geert - jan m . kruijff institute of formal & applied linguistics / linguistic data laboratory faculty of mathematics and physics , charles university malostranske nam . 25 , cz-118 00 prague 1 , czech republic phone : + + 420 - 2-2191 - 4255 fax : + + 420 - 2-2191 - 4309 email : gj @ ufal . ms . mff . cuni . cz , gj @ acm . org www : http : / / kwetal . ms . mff . cuni . cz / ~ gj /
  """",0
  2416,""""Subject: 3rd annual interdisciplinary conference
   
   - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers - - - - - - - - - - announcing our 3rd annual interdisciplinary conference border surjects 3 : ( dis ) locations of culture october 8-10 , 1988 , ay illinois state university , normal il papers and presentations invited on the following topics : * the politics of official language policy * the ebonics controversy * immigration history and language policy in the u . s and other countries * the threat to other dialects and ethnic groups to learn the surrounding majority language in the u . s . and other countries . * social and political pressures on bilingualism including the ramifications for such programs as bilingual education the conference welcomes diverse and creative interpretations of its topics . send abstracts proposals for papers ans panels ( 250 words ) to : ron strickland english department illinois state university normal il 61790-4240 e-mail : rlstrick @ ilstu . edu please send abstracts and proposals via email if possible . dealine for abstracts and proposals : june 30 , 1998 for more information , contact ron strickland : ph : 309-438 - 7907 email : rlstrick @ ilstu . edu
  """",0
  2417,""""Subject: claw 98 program
   
   claw98 workshop announcement the second international workshop on controlled language applications ( claw98 ) may 21-22 1998 language technologies institute carnegie mellon university 5000 forbes ave . pittsburgh , pa . 15213 usa http : / / www . lti . cs . cmu . edu / claw98 / context the 2nd international workshop on controlled language applications will be held may 21-22 at carnegie mellon university , pittsburgh , pa , usa . since the first claw workshop , held at university of leuven in 1996 , there has been continued strong interest in the research and development of controlled language applications . initial industrial development and deployment of controlled english systems ( aecma , caterpillar 's cte ) are now being followed by developments in other languages . on the research front , we are grappling with issues like standardization , design , and evaluation of controlled language systems . we are particularly interested in studies regarding author productivity and document usability . the workshop will give equal emphasis to the academic and industrial perspectives , while bringing together researchers , developers , users , and potential users of controlled language systems from around the world . workshop format the language technologies institute at cmu ( home of the center for machine translation ) is pleased to sponsor claw ' 98 . the two-day workshop will feature paper presentations , panel discussions , and a poster / demonstration session . evolving information regarding the workshop format and content can be found at the workshop web site . workshop site : mcconomy auditorium , first floor of the university center demo site : rangos hall , 2nd floor of the university center paper presentation schedule : ( preliminary ) may 21 , 1998 thursday - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 : 30 registration , coffee 9 : 00 welcome 9 : 15 invited speaker : karen hassen ( boeing commercial airplane group , usa ) 10 : 15 huijsen , willem - olaf ( university of utrecht , netherlands ) """""""" controlled language - an introduction """""""" 10 : 45 coffee break 11 : 00 lehtola , aarno , c . bounsaythip , j . tenni ( vtt information technology , finland ) """""""" definition of a controlled language based on semantic dependency relations """""""" 11 : 30 bernth , arendse ( ibm , usa ) """""""" easyenglish : preprocessing for mt """""""" 12 : 00 lunch and demo 1 : 30 knops , uus , b . depoortere ( lant nv , belgium ) """""""" controlled language and machine translation """""""" 2 : 00 kamprath , christine , e . adolphson , t . mitamura and e . nyberg ( caterpillar inc . ; carnegie mellon university , usa ) """""""" controlled language for multilingual document production : experience with caterpillar technical english """""""" 2 : 30 shirai , satoshi , s . ikehara , a . yokoo , y . ooyama ( ntt ; tottori university ; atr , japan ) """""""" automatic rewriting method for internal expressions in japanese to english mt and its effects """""""" 3 : 00 coffee break and demo 3 : 20 panel discussion : topic : standardization and acceptance of controlled language remi zajac ( chair ) 4 : 35 demo at lti 6 : 00 leave for banquet station square / mt . washington lookout 7 : 00 banquet may 22 , 1998 friday - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 : 30 coffee 9 : 00 barthe , kathy ( aerospatiale aeronautique , france ) """""""" gifas rationalised french : designing one controlled language to match another """""""" 9 : 30 lalaude , myriam , v . lux , s . regnier - prost ( aerospatiale , france ) """""""" modular controlled language design """""""" 10 : 00 wojcik , richard , h . holmback , j . hoard ( boeing shared services group , usa ) """""""" boeing technical english : an extension of aecma se beyond the aircraft maintenance domain """""""" 10 : 30 coffee break 10 : 45 heald , isobel , r . zajac ( universite d ' angers , france ; new mexico state university , usa ) """""""" compounds nouns in simplified english """""""" 11 : 15 barthe , kathy , g . g . bes , j . escande , d . pinna , e . rodier ( gril , france ) """""""" issues related to realistic evaluation of controlled language checkers """""""" 11 : 45 nasr , alexis , o . rambow and r . kittredge ( laboratoire d ' informatique d ' avignon , france ; cogentex inc . ) """""""" a linguistic framework for controlled language systems """""""" 12 : 15 lunch and demo 1 : 30 panel discussion : topic : current status of aecma richard wojcik ( chair ) 2 : 45 schmidt - wigger , antje ( iai , germany ) """""""" grammar and style checking for german """""""" 3 : 15 coffee break 3 : 30 zhang , wei , y . shiwen ( peking university , china ) """""""" construction of a controlled chinese lexicon """""""" 4 : 00 reuther , ursula ( iai , germany ) """""""" controlling language in an industrial application """""""" 4 : 30 godden , kurt ( general motors , usa ) """""""" controlling the business environment for controlled language """""""" 5 : 00 closing poster / demonstration session we have already arranged a number of systems for demonstration ; if you would like to arrange a system demonstration , we still have some room available . to arrange a poster or demonstration , please contact eric nyberg , ehn @ cs . cmu . edu , before may 8 , 1998 . registration the registration fee is $ 120 / person . the registration fee covers the cost of the cost of the workshop , plus continental breakfast , refreshments , and one copy of the workshop proceedings . participants should pre-register by may 8 . payment may be sent separately from the registration or settled on-site ( see details below ) . banquet the workshop banquet will be held on the evening of may 21 . the fee is $ 50 / person , which includes a bus service to / from the banquet site . please indicate whether you plan to attend the banquet on your registration form . accommodation we have reserved a number of rooms in two nearby hotels . please contact these hotels directly to make a reservation ; be sure to mention that you are coming for the ' claw98 workshop ' to receive the discounted rate . note : the holiday inn is a 10 - minute walk from the workshop ; the hampton inn is a 20-25 minute walk away . shuttle buses are available from the hampton inn to the university area . * holiday inn select university center 100 lytton avenue pittsburgh , pa 15213 phone : ( 412 ) 682-6200 fax : ( 412 ) 681-4749 rate : $ 103 / per night ( rate guaranteed until april 28 , 1998 ) * hampton inn 3315 hamlet street , pittsburgh , pa 15213 phone : ( 412 ) 681-1000 reservations : ( 800 ) hampton fax : ( 412 ) 681-3022 rate : $ 72 / per night ( rate guranteed until may 6 , 1998 ) for further assistance , please contact the claw98 secretary , martha june puzio , mpuzio + @ andrew . cmu . edu , ( 412 ) 268-7517 . workshop committee teruko mitamura ( carnegie mellon university ) geert adriens ( l&h and university of leuven , belgium ) eric nyberg ( carnegie mellon university ) linda schmandt ( carnegie group ) rick wojcik ( boeing ) remi zajac ( new mexico state university ) for more information contact : martha june puzio claw98 secretary email : mpuzio + @ andrew . cmu . edu phone : ( 412 ) 268-7517 fax : ( 412 ) 268-6298 or teruko mitamura language technologies institute carnegie mellon university 5000 forbes ave . pittsburgh , pa , 15213 . email : teruko @ cs . cmu . edu phone : ( 412 ) 268-6596 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = cut here = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = how to send your claw98 registration and banquet fees for wire transfer , send funds by may 12 , 1998 . please bring the record of wire transfer to the registration desk . to : mellon bank cash management university financial center fifth avenue and craig street pittsburgh , pa 15213 account # : 197-9003 please indicate that this is for : claw98 you may also send a us $ money order or check , payable to claw98 . we regret that we cannot accept credit cards . payment must received by may 12 , 1998 . send checks or money orders to : claw 98 registration language technologies institute carnegie mellon university 5000 forbes avenue , pittsburgh , pa 15213 usa claw98 registration form please complete the following form and return either by fax to ( 412 ) 268-6298 or by email to mpuzio + @ andrew . cmu . edu ( subject line should read : claw98 registration ) by may 8 , 1998 . mr / ms : first name : family name : title / position : affiliation / organization : mailing address : postal code : country : telephone : fax : e - mail address : fees ( check those which apply ) : registration only : $ 120 [ ] banquet : $ 50 [ ] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - total $ mode of payment : bank transfer ( no later than may 12 ) [ ] please bring a record of the transfer . check / money order sent by mail [ ] payment on-site [ ] please try to avoid this option , unless absolutely necessary .
  """",0
  2418,""""Subject: last cfp : wecol ' 98
   
   last call for papers wecol ' 98 western conference on linguistics 9-11 october , 1998 arizona state university , tempe , arizona deadline for abstracts : 1 june 1998 abstracts are invited for 20 - minute talks in all areas of linguistic theory . abstracts should be anonymous , and should be no longer than one page , with one inch margins , in typeface no smaller than 12 characters per inch . an additional page with examples and references may be included . please provide 7 copies of the abstract . authors should identify themselves on a separate 3x5 """""""" index card , and should include the title and author 's address , affiliation , telephone number , and e-mail address . no e-mail or fax abstracts will be accepted . however , subsequent correspondence will be via e-mail . invited speaker : james mccloskey , university of california at santa cruz . abstracts should be sent to the following address : elly van gelderen , chair , abstracts committee wecol ' 98 po box 870302 department of english arizona state university tempe , az 85287-0302 thank you for your interest . teresa wells research assistant arizona state university
  """",0
  2419,""""Subject: asia - pacific language special issue
   
   call for papers special issue : """""""" language research in the pacific - asia region """""""" http : / / hiplab . newcastle . edu . au / pacific / language / south pacific journal of psychology http : / / hiplab . newcastle . edu . au / pacific / language editorial group : max coltheart ( behavioural science , macquarie ) malti patel ( computing , macquarie ) marcus taft ( psychology , new south wales ) paul watters ( psychology , newcastle ) . on behalf of the editorial board of the south pacific journal of psychology , the language editorial group is soliciting contributions for a special issue , volume 10 ( 2 ) , on language research in the pacific - asia region . the high density of indigenous and non-indigenous languages spoken and written in the pacific - asia region makes it a fertile area for language research , especially in psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics . in addition , important advances in more general areas of language processing and linguistics , such as the computer modelling of language , are increasingly being made in the pacific - asia region . this special issue is intended as an inter-disciplinary showcase for research on all aspects of language being conducted in the region . all submissions will be peer-reviewed . the special issue will also be technologically innovative , with both paper and full-article electronic formats available to subscribers . papers should be written in apa style , doubled spaced , and submitted in triplicate to : paul a . watters department of computing school of mathematics , physics , computing and electronics macquarie university nsw 2109 australia alternatively , manuscripts prepared in text , adobe postscript or acrobat , or microsoft word format can be submitted electronically to pwatters @ mpce . mq . edu . au using an appropriate encoding format ( uuencode or metamail ) . the deadline for submission is 31st august , 1998 , with the special issue available in november / december , 1998 .
  """",0
  2420,""""Subject: xth conference of nordic and general ling .
   
   the tenth conference of nordic and general linguistics will be held in reykjavik , iceland , from saturday june 6 , to monday june 8 , 1998 . it is organized by the institute of linguistics , university of iceland . the deadline for pre-registration at a reduced price is january 31 , 1998 . pre - registration forms and further information can be found on our web site ( http : / / www . rhi . hi . is / ~ nordconf ) and can also be mailed or e-mailed upon request . papers on any linguistic topic are invited , especially papers on synchronic and diachronic aspects of the nordic languages . invited speakers : anders holmberg , tromsoe ( syntax ) tomas riad , stockholm ( phonology ) inge lise pedersen , copenhagen ( dialectology ) interest groups can ask to arrange special sessions ( workshops ) and at present the following are planned ( names of the workshop organizers in parentheses ) : comparative semantics for nordic languages ( elisabet engdahl ) optimality theory and nordic languages ( kersti boerjars ) the time allotted to each paper ( except for the invited talks ) is 30 minutes ( including discussion ) . participants who want to present a paper are requested to submit an abstract no later than january 31 , 1998 . abstracts may not exceed 2 pages with at least a 1 inch margin on all four sides and should employ a font not smaller than 12 pt . they should be sent anonymously in five copies , accompanied by a camera-ready original with the author 's name , address and affiliation . abstracts sent by e-mail will not be accepted . the authors will be notified about the acceptance of their papers by february 28 , 1998 . those interested in presenting papers in the special sessions ( workshops ) should consult the organizers of these ( engdahl @ ling . gu . se , k . borjars @ man . ac . uk ) . otherwise , correspondence should be addressed to : the xth conference of nordic and general linguistics institute of linguistics university of iceland arnagardi vid sudurgoetu \ 193rnagar \ 240i vi \ 240 su \ 240urg \ 246tu 101 reykjavik , iceland tel . + 354 525 4408 fax + 354 525 4242 e - mail : nordconf @ rhi . hi . is url : http : / / www . rhi . hi . is / ~ nordconf - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - h \ 246skuldur \ 222r \ 225insson hoskuldur thrainsson heimspekideild department of icelandic h \ 225sk \ 243la \ 205slands university of iceland \ 193rnagar \ 240i v . su \ 240urg \ 246tu arnagardi v . sudurgoetu 101 reykjavik 101 reykjavik , iceland netfang : hoski @ rhi . hi . is e-mail hoski @ rhi . hi . is simi : 525-4420 ( i vinnu ) phone : ( 354 ) 525-4420 ( office ) 566-7141 ( heima ) ( 354 ) 566-7141 ( home ) br \ 233fsimi : 525-4242 ( i vinnu ) fax : ( 354 ) 525-4242 ( work ) 566-8141 ( heima - ( 354 ) 566-8141 ( home - ef l \ 225ti \ 240 er vita fyrirfram ) if notified in advance )
  """",0
  2421,""""Subject: augias , linguistic special issue
   
   the recent number 52 of the journal augias has just appeared . it is the first linguistic special issue , edited by volkmar engerer , and contains 3 papers : - volkmar engerer : haben die inlands - und auslandsgermanistik verschiedene ( grammatische ) regeln ? ( do germanist studies in germany and abroad have different ( grammatical ) rules ? ) - nathalie nicolay : """""""" ich bin hier auf ' m flur , da is ' keiner mehr """""""" : zur verwendung raeumlicher deiktika in telefongespraechen """""""" ( use of local deixis on the telephone ) - frank beckmann : ereignisse , thematische rollen und die lizensierung von adverbialen in mittelkonstruktionen ( events , thematic roles and licensing adverbials in middle constructions ) for questions concerning the subscription of augias contact volkmar engerer . an augias website is in preparation . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dr . volkmar engerer , associate professor - lecturer in german / tysk lektor / deutscher lektor - the department of german / institut for germansk filologi university of aarhus / aarhus universitet ndr . ringgade , bygn . 326 dk-8000 arhus c denmark tel ( + 45 ) 8942 2109 fax ( + 45 ) 8619 1699 e - mail gerve @ hum . aau . dk homepage http : / / www . hum . aau . dk / dk / germansk / gerve / home . htm
  """",0
  2422,""""Subject: sociolinguistics
   
   mediated discourse as social interaction : a study of news discourse ron scollon , professor in the department of english , city university of hong kong . paper 0 582 32725 3 hardback 0 582 32726 1 336 pages 1998 language in social life series ' mediated discourse as social interaction ' makes an explicit link between media studies and social interactionalist discursive research where previously the two fields of study have been treated as separate disciplines . this text presents an integrated theory illustrated by ample concrete examples , bringing together the latest research in these two fields . it offers a critique to the sender-receiver model implicit in media studies , and argues for an analysis of media discourse as social interaction , on the one hand among journalists and newsmakers as a community of practice , and among readers and viewers as a spectating community of practice on the other . the book also argues for a coherent and interdiscursive methodology for the ethnographic study of the role of the news media in the social construction of identity and is based on a considerable body of ethnographic and textual analysis of both print and television news media . the theory of mediated discourse presented in this volume will be of great interest to advanced undergraduates and postgraduates studying media studies , sociology of language , discourse analysis , interactional sociolinguistics , ethnography of communication and applied linguistics . it will also be welcomed by scholars and professionals involved in research in these areas . further information on the books published in this series , and the table of contents for this title can be viewed at the longman linguistics on-line catalogue at : http : / / www . awl-he . com / linguistics for a complete listing of our world-wide offices , please click below : http : / / www . awl-he . com / offices
  """",0
  2423,""""Subject: computers and linguistics
   
   learner english on computer edited by sylviane granger , professor of english linguistics and language at the catholic university of louvain , belgium paper 0 582 29883 0 256 pages 1998 studies in language and linguistics series the first book of its kind , learner english on computer is intended to provide linguists , students of linguistics and other language and elt professionals with a highly accessible and comprehensive introduction to the new and rapidly-expanding field of corpus-based research into learner language . edited by the founder and co-ordinator of the international corpus of learner english ( icle ) , the book contains articles on all aspects of corpus compilation , design and analysis . * provides a comprehensive overview of the field , explaining links with corpus and applied linguistics , second language acquisition and elt * reviews the software tools which are currently available for analysing learner language and contains useful examples of how they can be used * contains eight case studies in which computer learner corpora are analysed * the articles contain a wide range of methodologies with broad general application * contains chapters which look at how computer learner corpus ( clc ) based studies can help improve pedagogical tools : efl grammars , dictionaries , writing textbooks and electronic tools . * implications for classroom methodology are also discussed . further information on the books published in this series , and the table of contents for this title can be viewed at the longman linguistics on-line catalogue at : http : / / www . awl-he . com / linguistics for a complete listing of our world-wide offices , please click below : http : / / www . awl-he . com / offices
  """",0
  2424,""""Subject: anthropological linguistics , vol . 40 , no . 1
   
   * * anthropological linguistics , volume 40 , number 1 ( spring 1998 ) * * contents tohono o ' odham ( papago ) plurals , jane h . hill and ofelia zepeda ethnolinguistic dimensions of northern arapaho language shift , jeffrey anderson semantic categorization in tibetan honorific nouns , scott delancey noun specification and classification in uzbek , christopher i . beckwith book reviews handbook of north american indians , volume 17 : languages ( ives goddard , editor , and william c . sturtevant , general editor ) , jeffrey heath athabaskan language studies : essays in honor of robert w . young ( eloise jelinek , sally midgette , keren rice , and leslie saxon , editors ) , victor golla northern haida songs ( john enrico and wendy bross stuart ) , charlotte j . frisbie quebec 's aboriginal languages : history , planning , development ( jacques maurais , editor ) , lynn mcalpine relating events in narrative : a crosslinguistic developmental study ( ruth a . berman and dan isaac slobin , et al . ) , wallace chafe untying the knot : on riddles and other enigmatic modes ( galit hasan - rokem and david shulman , editors ) , thomas a . green the linguistic individual ( barbara johnstone ) , neal r . norrick language use and language change in brunei darussalam ( peter w . martin , conrad ozog , and gloria poedjosoedarmo , editors ) , geoffrey c . gunn literacy and script reform in occupation japan : reading between the lines ( j . marshall unger ) , roy andrew miller ideology and status of sanskrit : contributions to the history of sanskrit language ( jan e . m . houben , editor ) , peter m . scharf * * * * * * * annual subscription rates ( for 4 issues ) : $ 30 for u . s . individuals ; $ 38 for non - u . s . individuals ; $ 65 for u . s . institutions ; $ 75 for non - u . s . institutions . payment should be in u . s . funds by check or postal money order made payable to anthropological linguistics . visa and mastercard are also accepted . subscriptions and inquires should be sent to : anthropological linguistics , student building 130 ( c ) , indiana university , bloomington , in 47405 usa ; fax : ( 812 ) 855-7529 ; e-mail : < anthling @ indiana . edu > . for abstracts and more information , visit our website at : http : / / www . indiana . edu / ~ anthling
  """",0
  2425,""""Subject: cfp : icsnl ' 98
   
   announcement and call for papers 33rd international conference on salish and neighboring languages university of washington , seattle , wa august 5 - 7 , 1998 papers on all aspects of the study , preservation , and teaching of salish and neighboring languages are welcome . the conference will be three full days : 9 : 00 a . m . through 5 : 00 p . m . on wednesday and friday , 9 : 00 a . m . through 9 : 00 p . m . on thursday . native language program presentations and papers of practical interest to teachers will be interspersed throughout the program on all days . all sessions will be plenary . reports on language programs will generally be 20 minutes long ; discussion will follow . every author of a preprint paper will be expected to present a 5 - minute , non-technical introduction to her / his work , geared toward a general audience unfamiliar with the paper . presenters may add an optional 5 minutes of technical introduction . discussion of the paper will follow . information on conference organizers , housing , submission , deadlines , and formats is available at : http : / / humanities . byu . edu / icsnl / icsnl . htm
  """",0
  2426,""""Subject: foreign language culture
   
   conference organizer : faculty of foreign languages laboratory of communicative teaching through cultural interaction . kursk state pedagogical university . 33 radischev street , kursk 305004 , russia tel . ( 071 22 ) 2-73 - 61 fax . ( 0712 ) 568461 e-mail : kgpu @ home . sovtest . ru international conference : the voice of the foreign language culture tentatively scheduled for october 12-16 , 1998 at kursk state pedagogical university , russia . goal : defining general approaches taken by russian and foreign methodologists to the problem of communicative pronunciation teaching . foreign language pronunciation , vital for communication , is a complex phenomenon difficult to investigate and not readily yielding to teaching guidance . no wonder , occasionally it will be declared irrelevant and the attention of the methodologists and teachers is concentrated on more learnable items : grammar and vocabulary . indeed , either the intuitive - imitative approach with its attention to the accuracy of pronunciation or the analytic - linguistic approach with its articulatory and contrastive information , or the cognitive approach which gives emphases to grammar , or the natural approach and the silent way with the attention to the supra - segmental structures have not met the needs of communication . however , this kind of neglect of pronunciation teaching is of short duration and it could not be otherwise for evident reasons . it is pronunciation that reflects the national character , culture and spirit of the nation , the social characteristics of the speaker , their aims , motives and emotions . you would not really respond adequately to what is being said without the proper awareness of the implications of the pronunciation system . moreover , even in the recognition of grammar and lexical units we mainly depend on pronunciation parameters . in fact , all speech activities have pronunciation roots . that is why we can not neglect teaching pronunciation if we want to prepare our students for actual communication . in the communicative approach adhered to in this institution , we demand a communicative paradigm of pronunciation teaching . it implies both the communicative aim of teaching and structuring the teaching process in accordance with the natural mechanisms of pronunciation acquisition . there is evidence that communicative approach to teaching pronunciation is gaining universal support . according to m . celces - murcia , d . m . brinton , j . m . goodwin in """""""" teaching pronunciation , """""""" _ cup _ , 1996 . . . teaching supra-segmental features ( rhythm , stress and intonation in a discourse context was the optimal way to organize a short - term pronunciation course . this idea sounds promising for a more fundamental course if we take into account the psychological nature of pronunciation acquisition . the objectives of the conference are as follows : emphasize social importance and necessity of correct pronunciation point out general problems of teaching fl pronunciation develop a communicative syllabus for teaching fl pronunciation and specify the teaching units and the context of teaching definine communicative strategies for pronunciation teaching specify the communicative model for teaching pronunciation and its correlation with natural speech mechanisms define the links of fl culture and pronunciation teaching analyze the communicative model of pronunciation teaching as a component of teacher education outline the linguistic foundation of communicative fl pronunciation teaching identify the links between pronunciation and grammar , vocabulary and pragmatic context . discussion groups on suggested topics : 1 . the social load and the status of pronunciation in multi-cultural society . 2 . pronunciation as an indicator of language proficiency and cultural level . 3 . communicative teaching of pronunciation as a basis for teaching fl speech . 4 . functional and linguistic aspects of pronunciation teaching . 5 . techniques of communicative teaching of fl pronunciation . we would be delighted to discuss the problems and share our experience with those of similar interests . we sincerely hope that the integral efforts of the participants of the conference will result in solving some of the problems and enrich our practical competence . first call for papers . the faculty of foreign languages and the laboratory of communicative fl teaching through cultural interaction at kursk state pedagogical university ( russia ) cordially invite colleagues from asia , africa , america and europe to participate in their international conference . we desire to share achievements , concerns and exchange expertise in teaching english , german and french phonetics and pronunciation . all teachers and methodologists are welcome to attend . papers of 2000 words will be published subsequently in the conference proceedings . final date for acceptance of applications and papers to the above address by 1 july 1998 . kursk , a city lacated 450 km to the south of moscow , is one of the oldest cities in russia with a number of attractions interesting from historical and cultural points of view . accomodation will be provided at the hotel kursk ( 40-60 $ per night ) . participants will also be offered to live in the appartments with russian families and the students ' dormitory . foreign particapants will be met in moscow and accompanied to kursk if required . we look forward to hearing from you . sincerely , nickolay smakhtin dean of the faculty of foreign languages vyacheslav buzhinsky head of the english language department
  """",0
  2427,""""Subject: technology & foreign language teaching
   
   transformations : technology , foreign languages , and undergraduate education the consortium for language teaching and learning and the section on foreign languages & literatures at the massachusetts institute of technology are pleased to announce a national conference , october 23-25 , 1998 . intended for foreign language faculty , administrators , directors of humanities computing , and language laboratory directors , this conference will examine the transformations of the foreign language classroom , the role of the teacher , the institutional mission , the curriculum , and the infrastructure in the light of developments in multimedia computer technology . the conference will not be an occasion for demonstrating hardware and software . instead , it seeks to pose new questions about fundamental changes that all foreign language programs and all institutions are currently undergoing . speakers will include jacqueline brown ( princeton university ) , gilberte furstenberg ( massachusetts institute of technology ) , henry jenkins ( massachusetts institute of technology ) , william a . johnson ( bucknell university ) , yoko koike ( haverford college ) , claire kramsch ( university of california at berkeley ) , karen landahl ( university of chicago ) , james s . noblitt ( university of north carolina at chapel hill ) , slava paperno ( cornell university ) , and thomas thornton ( massachusetts institute of technology ) . the conference will be held at the massachusetts institute of technology , cambridge , massachusetts , beginning friday afternoon , october 23 , 1998 , and concluding mid-day , sunday , october 25 , 1998 . the registration form is available as a downloadable adobe acrobat . pdf file , 49k . at : http : / / web . mit . edu / fll / www / conf98 /
  """",0
  2428,""""Subject: new book : dialects and variation
   
   american english dialects and variation walt wolfram and natalie schilling - estes north carolina state university and stanford university 1998 ~ 6 x 9 ~ 464 pages , 30 figures , 13 maps , 6 tables 0-631 - 20487 - 3 ~ paperback ~ $ 29 . 95 0-631 - 20486 - 5 ~ hardcover ~ $ 59 . 95 this book provides a readable , up-to - date description of language variation in american english , ranging from regional to ethnic to gender-based variation . the authors describe dialect situations that range from historically isolated and rural dialects to developing , urban ethnic varieties as they consider the descriptive , theoretical , and applied ramifications of dialects in american society . an appendix of major dialect structures in american english and a glossary of terms for non-specialists is included . to order please call blackwell publishers at : 1-800 - 216-2522
  """",0
  2429,""""Subject: new books : sociolinguistics
   
   sociolinguistics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ harold f . schiffman linguistic culture and language policy linguistic culture and language policy examines how language policy in three very different nations evolved and how it is not merely the specific embodiment of rule , but rather primarily a social construct that rests on other conceptual elements such as belief systems , attitudes and myths . by scrutinizing the multilingual democracies of india , france and the us , schiffman examines how language policies are formed within a broader framework and are heavily influenced by the covert and implicit grass-roots of its linguistic culture . by seeing language policy as culture-specific , we understand why language policies evolve , why they work - - or not - - and how people 's lives are affected by them . politics of language routledge : 1998 : 368 pp pb : 0 415 18406 1 : # d5174 : $ 29 . 99 : 18 . 99 salikoko s . mufwene , john r . rickford , guy bailey , and john baugh , african-american english structure , history and use african american english provides a timely , comprehensive , state of the art survey of linguistic research . the book examines the linguistics features of african american english ( aae ) , as well as the sociological , political and educational issues connected with it . the editors are leading experts in the field and along with other key figures , notably william labov , geneva smitherman and walt wolfram , they provide an authoritative , diverse guide to this topical subject area . drawing on many contemporary references , the oakland school controversy , the rap of ice - t , the contributors reflect the state of current scholarship on african american english , and actively dispel many misconceptions , address new questions and explore new approaches . routledge : 1998 : 328 pp cl : 0 415 11732 1 : # d4952 : $ 85 . 00 : 50 . 00 pb : 0 415 11733 x : # d4956 : $ 24 . 99 : 15 . 99 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
  """",0
  2430,""""Subject: new books : historical linguistics
   
   historical linguistics anna giacalone ramat and paolo ramat , eds . the indo-european languages not since 1937 has a classic reference work appeared for indo - european . this new work , however , steps forth to fill a major gap in this rapidly changing field by making full use of the recent achievements in linguistic theory . useful as both an introductory survey and a reference for advanced students and scholars , the volume provides insight into the variations in the way indo - european is studied while at the same time presenting a unified overview of indo - european . the only work available which combines the historical understanding of indo - european with a survey of its various sub-groups , this volume will be useful to a broad range of readers including students of historical linguistics and comparative philology , modern language students interested in the background on the languages they are studying , and anyone interested in the processes of language change and evolution . routledge language family descriptions routledge : 1998 : 552 pp cl : 0 415 06449 x : # c0977 : $ 160 . 00 : 95 . 00 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
  """",0
  2431,""""Subject: new books : language instruction
   
   language instruction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ daniel abondolo , colloquial finnish the complete course for beginners colloquial finnish is easy to use and completely up-to - date . specially written by experienced teachers for self-study or class use , the course offers you a step-by - step approach to written and spoken finnish . colloquial series routledge : 1998 : 0 pp 0 415 11391 1 : # d3439 : $ 44 . 99 : 25 . 76 daniel abondolo colloquial finnish the complete course for beginners these cassettes are recorded by native finnish speakers and can be used on their own or to accompany the book , helping you with pronunciation and listening skills . colloquial series routledge : 1998 : 0 pp cs : 0 415 11390 3 : # d3338 : $ 27 . 99 : 12 . 76 for more information on these and other titles from : routledge london * new york in north america : www . routledge-ny . com elsewhere : www . routledge . com
  """",0
  2432,""""Subject: going romance 1998
   
   call for papers going romance 1998 twelfth symposium on romance linguistics utrecht university , december 10-11 utrecht institute of linguistics ots ( uil ots ) holland institute of generative linguistics ( hil ) invited speakers : hans georg obenauer maria luisa rivero raffaella zanuttini abstracts are invited for thirty minutes talks ( with an additional ten minutes for discussion ) in all areas of romance linguistics from all theoretical perspectives . a selection of the papers will be published . abstracts should be anonymous , and should be no longer than two pages , including references and examples , with margins of at least 1 - inch , letter size 11 / 12 . submissions are limited to a maximum of one individual and one joint abstract per author . please provide 7 anonymous abstracts and one camera-ready original containing title , author 's name and affiliation . submissions by e-mail or fax can be accepted , provided a camera-ready original is received within one week after the deadline . a separate card should contain the title of the paper , author 's name , affiliation , address , telephone number and e-mail address . deadline for receipt of abstracts : september 18 , 1998 abstracts should be sent to the following address : going romance 1998 phone : 31-30 - 2536006 utrecht institute of linguistics ots fax : 31-30 - 2536000 utrecht university e - mail : going . romance @ let . uu . nl trans 10 3512jk utrecht the netherlands a workshop on ` acquiring and using the lexicon ' will be held on december 12 . this workshop is organized in collaboration with the cnrs ( france ) . a separate call for papers will follow . organizing committee : sergio baauw ( uil ots ) , denis delfitto ( uil ots / dept . of italian ) frank drijkoningen ( uil ots / dept . of french ) paola monachesi ( uil ots ) johan rooryck ( hil / leiden university ) jan schroten ( uil ots / dept . of spanish ) henriette de swart ( uil ots / dept . of french )
  """",0
  2433,""""Subject: nels 29 - - call for papers
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * n e l s 29 * * * * * * * * * * * * * annual meeting of the northeastern linguistic society * * * university of delaware , newark , de october 16-18 , 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = call for papers = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = one - page anonymous abstracts for talks or posters on any aspect of theoretical linguistics are requested . references , but no examples may be included on a separate page . individuals may submit no more than on abstract for which they are the primary author . submissions deadline : july 1 , 1998 paper and electronic submissions will be accepted ; fax submissions will not . abstracts should be single-spaced in 12 - pt times font ( except for phonetic transcriptions ) and sized for 8 . 5 """""""" x11 """""""" paper . top margins should be at least 1 . 5 inches , with at least one inch for the bottom and side margins . submissions should include : the title , the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , mailing and email addresses where the primary author can be reached over the summer , subfield of linguistics which the abstract represents , and whether the abstract is being submitted for consideration as a talk , poster , or both . for paper submissions , ten anonymous copies should be submitted , and the author information should be typed ona 3 """""""" x5 """""""" index card . for electronic submissions , follow the instructions at the nels 29 website : < http : / / sun . ling . udel . edu / nels - 29 > address for correspondance : * * * nels 29 abstracts committee department of linguistics 46 e . delaware avenue newark , de 19716 usa email : nels - 29 @ udel . edu unless otherwise indicated , acknowledgement of receipt will be via e-mail . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = registration information = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = preregistration fees * * * $ 20 ( us ) for students and $ 40 ( us ) for others before september 16 , 1998 . on - site registration fees * * * $ 25 ( us ) for students and $ 50 ( us ) for others for further information , please consult the nels 29 website or contact us at the e-mail address listed above .
  """",0
  2434,""""Subject: 2nd language acquisition
   
   strategies in learning and using a second language andrew d . cohen professor in the department of english as a second language , university of minnesota . paper 0-582 - 30588 - 8 312 pages 1998 applied linguistics and language study series longman ' strategies in learning and using a second language ' explores the topic of learner strategies - the ways in which language learners engage with the process of learning and communicating in a new language . the introduction to the book sets out the main theoretical issues , distinguishing language learning from language use strategies , and describing the main research methods for their investigation . the author presents innovative research linking the use of task-specific strategies with language performance . the volume then presents empirical research investigating the languages multilinguals select for their verbalized thoughts during language learning and language use . finally , the author presents empirical research focusing on the strategies learners use in language test-taking contexts . the volume is intended primarily for language teachers and researchers , as well as for administrators of second language programs . it is also highly suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate students of applied linguistics and will be of interest to foreign language students , stimulating them to reflect on their strategies for learning and using a second language . the chapters present questions and raise areas for further discussion and study , making the book suitable for those new to the field . at the same time , the provision of important new research will appeal to those with more advanced knowledge in the field . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - errors in language learning and use carl james senior lecturer in the linguistics department at the university of wales , bangor . paper 0-582 - 25763 - 8 320 pages 1998 applied linguistics and language study series longman ' errors in language learning and use ' is an up-to - date introduction and guide to the study of errors in language , and is also a critical survey of previous work . error analysis occupies a central position within applied linguistics , and seeks to clarify questions such as ` does correctness matter ? ' , ` is it more important to speak fluently and write imaginatively or to communicate one 's message ? ' this book provides a scholarly and well-illustrated theoretical and historical background to the field of error analysis . a range of relevant questions is addressed such as whether native speakers make errors , and whether ` good english ' for the native speaker is also good for the foreign learner . the reader is led from definitions of error and related concepts , to categorization of types of linguistic deviance , discussion of error gravities , the utility of teacher correction and towards writing learner profiles . throughout , the book is guided by considerable practical experience in language education in a range of classroom contexts worldwide . further information on the books published in this series , and the table of contents for these titles can be viewed at the longman linguistics on-line catalogue at : http : / / www . awl-he . com / linguistics for a complete listing of our world-wide offices , please click below : http : / / www . awl-he . com / offices
  """",0
  2435,""""Subject: lexical semantics systems - date changes
   
   change of date and extended deadline - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - wlss98 ii workshop on lexical semantics systems pisa , 6 - 7 april 1998 scuola normale superiore - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - organized by celi , ilc , itc-irst and scuola normale superiore with the support of university of pisa and xerox research centre europe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http : / / celi . sns . it / ~ wlss98 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - invited speakers ( provisional list ) gennaro chierchia ( university of milan ) christiane fellbaum ( princeton university ) ewan klein ( university of edimburgh ) hinrich schuetze ( rank xerox ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - call for papers wlss98 is organized by centro per l ' elaborazione del linguaggio ed informazione ( celi ) , istituto di linguistica computazionale ( ilc ) , istituto per la ricerca scientifica e tecnologia ( itc-irst ) and scuola normale superiore ( pisa ) , and will take place in pisa on the 6 - 7 april 1998 ( instead of the 19-20 march , as it was announced in previous messages ) . wlss workshops aim at bringing together italian and international scholars , active in both theoretical and applicative domains of research in lexical semantics , with the goals of : - providing an overview of the state of the art and exchanging information on ongoing and planned activities ; - bridging the gap and enhance the trade-off between theoretical models of lexical knowledge and applications in nlp systems . these goals are justified : - by the increasingly central position that lexical knowledge , and in particular lexical semantics , is assuming within the general architecture of cognitive systems , both as a dynamic module which interact with other non-linguistic sources of knowledge , and as a component playing a major role in interfacing syntax and semantics ; - by the fact that lexical resources ( such as tagged corpora , computational dictionaries , machine readable dictionaries , wordnets ) are among the most crucial aspects of practical nlp systems . issues concerning the structure , the representation , the development , and the acquisition of lexical knowledge are thus of the uttermost importance when building nlp systems . lexical systems also play a crucial role in the design and construction of multilingual systems , a key feature at least for applications designed to operate in a distributed , non - centralized environment such as the world wide web . this second edition of wlss will focus on the portability and reusability of lexical systems , and on the issue of word sense disambiguation and semantic tagging . we also encourage the submission of papers concerning more general issues about linguistic lexical semantics and its interaction with computational lexicography . abstracts are invited for 30 - minute talks . here follows a non - exhaustive list of topics which could be addressed : * lexical resources for semantic tagging and word sense disambiguation . * use of lexicons and thesauruses to improve information retrieval / extraction techniques . * automatic acquisition and management of lexical resources . * reusability and tuning of existing lexical resources for novel tasks . * trade offs between generic and domain specific lexical resources . * multilingual lexical resources . * description and evaluation of existing tools and systems . * evaluation of different representation formats . * issues in computational lexical semantics and computational lexicography . * issues in the design , construction and use of lexical resources . * architecture for a cognitive plausible lexicon * lexical representation and the interface with syntactic processes * * change * * extended deadline for submissions * * change * * only electronic submissions are accepted . abstracts should not exceed 2 pages in length , in postscript or ascii format , and should be sent to the following address : wlss98 @ celi . sns . it . separate information should be sent , including the title of the talk , author 's name , address and affiliation . submissions must be limited to a maximum of one individual and one joint abstract per author . the deadline is : 20 january 1998 . the program committee intends to publish a selection of the papers presented at the conference . * * change * * important dates * * change * * submission of abstracts : 20 january 1998 notification of acceptance : 28 february 1998 conference : 6 - 7 april 1998 program committee pier marco bertinetto ( scuola normale superiore ) nicoletta calzolari ( ilc ) luca dini ( celi ) vittorio di tomaso ( celi ) alessandro lenci ( scuola normale superiore ) bernardo magnini ( irst ) fabio pianesi ( irst ) frederique segond ( xrce ) antonio zampolli ( ilc ) contact persons for every further information please contact the conference secretariat : vittorio di tomaso celi ditomaso @ sns . it alessandro lenci scuola normale superiore lenci @ alphalinguistica . sns . it scuola normale superiore laboratorio di linguistica piazza dei cavalieri 7 56126 pisa ( italy ) tel . + 39 50 509219 fax : + 39 50 563513 more information on the workshop and a copy of this call for papers is available on the web at the following address : http : / / celi . sns . it / ~ wlss98
  """",0
  2436,""""Subject: coling-acl ' 98 computerm workshop
   
   acl / coling-98 ( association for computational linguistics / conference on computational linguistics ) computerm workshop first workshop on computational terminology august 15 , 1998 ( immediately following acl / coling-98 ) university of montreal , montreal ( quebec , canada ) preliminary call for papers description the workshop will provide a forum to bring together researchers from the fields of computational linguistics , terminology , automated translation , information retrieval and lexicography who share an interest in computational aspects of terminology processing : acquisition , extraction , indexing , machine-aided thesaurus building , dictionary construction , etc . the aim of the workshop is to stimulate the exchange of innovative ideas and results of diverse aspects of automatic term processing in order to bridge the gap between these fields . topics the topics of the workshop include ( but are not limited to ) : - construction of terminology resources - semi - or automatic acquisition of terms - semi - or automatic acquisition of conceptual knowledge - thesaurus construction and maintenance - use of terminology resources ( term banks , thesauri , specialized lexicons , . . . ) - terms in information retrieval ( stemming , automatic indexing , query expansion , . . . ) - multi - lingual terminological resources for cross-language ir - terminology management in machine-aided translation - terminology and nlp ( parsing , tagging , text understanding , generation , . . . ) - terminology processing for other applications submissions only hard-copy submissions will be accepted . authors should submit six ( 6 ) copies of their full-length paper ( 3500-5000 words ) . submissions should be sent : didier bourigault laboratoire de linguistique informatique universite paris xiii avenue j . - b . clement f-93430 villetaneuse france style files and templates for preparing submissions http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / styles . html the official language of the conference is english . however , papers can also be submitted in french . the final version of the papers will be accompanied by two long abstracts in two different languages . all the presentation at the workshop will be given in english . important deadlines submission deadline : march 23 , 1998 notification date : may 15 , 1998 camera ready copy due : june 15 , 1998 scientific committee khurshid ahmad ( university of surrey , uk ) sophia ananiadou ( manchester metropolitan university , manchester , uk ) peter anick ( digital equipment corporation , usa ) teresa cabre ( university pompeu fabra , barcelone , spain ) ken church ( at&t labs research , usa ) anne condamines ( cnrs , toulouse , france ) bruce croft ( university of massachusetts , usa ) ido dagan ( bar ilan university , israel ) beatrice daille ( irin nantes , france ) pascale fung ( hong kong university of science and technology , hong kong ) eric gaussier ( xerox research centre europe , france ) gregory grefenstette ( xerox research centre europe , france ) stephanie haas ( university of north carolina , usa ) benoit habert ( limsi & ens fontenay - st cloud , france ) ulrich heid ( universitaet stuttgart , stuttgart , germany ) kyo kageura ( nacsis , tokyo , japan ) judith klavans ( columbia univesity , usa ) robert krovetz ( nec research institute , usa ) robert losee ( university of north carolina , usa ) ingrid meyer ( university of ottawa , ottawa , canada ) jian - yun nie ( university of montreal , montreal , canada ) padmini srinivasan ( the university of iowa , usa ) tomek strzalkowski ( general electric company , usa ) evelyne tzoukermann ( bell labs innovations , lucent technologies , usa ) richard wojcik ( boeing company , usa ) pierre zweigenbaum ( ap-hp & universite paris 6 , france ) organizers didier bourigault ( cnrs and universite paris xiii , paris , france ) christian jacquemin ( iut de nantes , france ) marie - claude l ' homme ( universite de montreal , montreal , canada ) email contact mailto : db @ lli . univ-paris 13 . fr , christian . jacquemin @ iut-nantes . univ-nantes . fr , lhommem @ ere . umontreal . ca
  """",0
  2437,""""Subject: distributing and accessing linguistic resources
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * distributing and accessing linguistic resources * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * may 27th , this workshop is part of first international conference on language resources and evaluation at the university of granada , may 26th to 30th 1998 ( see http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra . html for details and how to register ) . the workshop will discuss ways to increase the efficacy of linguistic resource distribution and programmatic access , and work towards the definition of a new method for these tasks based on distributed processing and object-oriented modelling with deployment on the www . organizers : yorick wilks , wim peters , hamish cunningham , remi zajac papers the following papers will be presented in order of enumeration . after each 15 minute presentation there will be 5 minutes for discussion . distributed thesaurus storage and access in a cultural domain application s . boutsis , b . georgantopoulos , s . piperidis institute for language and speech processing , athens a new model for language resource access and distribution w . peters , h . cunningham , y . wilks , c . mccauley university of sheffield reuse and integration of nlp components in the calypso architecture r . zajac new mexico state university corpus - based research using the internet h . brugman , a . russel , p . wittenburg max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen the cue corpus access tool o . mason university of birmingham linguistic research utilizing the edr electronic dictionary as a linguistic resource t . ogino edr , japan posters the following posters will be on display during the workshop , and presentations are planned during the breaks : tractor : telri research archive of computational tools and resources r . krishnamurthy university of birmingham web - surfing the lexicon d . cabrero , m . vilares , l . docampo , s . sotelo ramon pineiro research centre / universities of coruna and santiago exploring distributed mt o . streiter , a . schmidt - wigger , u . reuther , c . pease iai saarbruecken a proposal for an on - line lexical database p . cassidy micra , inc . panel discussion : the final part of the workshop will consist of a panel discussion on : distributing and accessing linguistic resources the panel participants are : khalid choukri , eduard hovy , judith klavans , yorick wilks , and antonio zampolli . workshop scope and aims - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - in general the reuse of of nlp data resources ( such as lexicons or corpora ) has exceeded that of algorithmic resources ( such as lemmatisers or parsers ) . however , there are still two barriers to data resource reuse : 1 ) each resource has its own representation syntax and corresponding programmatic access mode ( e . g . sql for celex , c or prolog for wordnet , sgml for the bnc ) ; 2 ) resources must generally be installed locally to be usable ( and of course precisely how this happens , what operating systems are supported etc . varies from case to case ) . the consequences of 1 ) are that although resources share some structure in common ( lexicons are organised around words , for example ) this commonality is wasted when it comes to using a new resource ( the developer has to learn everything afresh each time ) and that work which seeks to investigate or exploit commonalities between resources ( e . g . to link several lexicons to an ontology ) has to first build a layer of access routines on top of each resources . so , for example , if we wish to do task-based evaluation of lexicons by measuring the relative performance of an information extraction system with different instantiations of lexical resource , we might end up writing code to translate several different resources into sql or sgml . the consequence of 2 ) is that there is no way to """""""" try before you buy """""""" : no way to examine a data resource for its suitability for your needs before licencing it . correspondingly there is no way for a resource provider to expose limitted access to their products for advertising purposes , or gain revenue through piecemeal supply of sections of a resource . this workshop will discuss ways to overcome these barriers . the proposers will discuss a new method for distributing and accessing language resources involving the development of a common programmatic model of the various resources types , implemented in corba idl and / or java , along with a distributed server for non-local access . this model is being designed as part of the gate project ( general architecture for text engineering : http : / / www . dcs . shef . ac . uk / research / groups / nlp / gate / ) and goes under the provisional title of an active creole server . ( creole : collection of reusable objects for language engineering . currently creole supports only algortihmic objects , but will be extended to data objects . ) a common model of language data resources would be a set of inheritance hierarchies making up a forest or set of graphs . at the top of the hierarchies would be very general abstractions from resources ( e . g . lexicons are about words ) ; at the leaves would be data items that were specific to individual resources . programmatic access would be available at all levels , allowing the developer to select an appropriate level of commonality for each application . note that although an exciting element of the work could be to provide algorithms to dynamically merge common resources what we ' re suggesting initially is not to develop anything substantively new , but simply to improve access to existing resources . this is not a new standards initiative , but a way to build on previous initiatives . of course , the production of a common model that fully expressed all the subtleties of all resources would be a large undertaking , but we believe that it can be done incrementally , with useful results at each stage . early versions will stop decomposing the object structure of resources at a fairly high level , leaving the developer to handle the data structures native to the resources at the leaves of the forest . there should still be a substantial benefit in uniform access to higher level strucures . program committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - yorick wilks hamish cunningham wim peters remi zajac roberta catizone paola velardi maria teresa pazienza roberto basili bran boguraev sergei nirenburg james pustejowsky ralph grishman christiane fellbaum
  """",0
  2438,""""Subject: optimality theory
   
   optimal viewpoints , stuart davis , editor . 138 pp . prepaid orders by u . s . check or money order . $ 15 . 00 + p&h : $ 3 . 50 us , $ 5 . 00 can , $ 5 . 50 other . iulc publications , 720 e . atwater ave . , bloomington , in 47401 usa . < iulc @ indiana . edu > http : / / php . indiana . edu / ~ iulc / this year the indiana university linguistics club celebrates its 30th anniversary with the publication of _ optimal viewpoints _ representing current work on optimality theory by students , faculty and alumni of the department of linguistics at indiana university . the papers in the volume cover phenomena of current theoretical interest in morphology , first language acquisition , phonology and syntax . contents are as follows : _ the optimal compound : optimality theory and the typology of synthetic compounds _ . heather anderson offers an ot analysis of word order in synthetic compounds by demonstrating how the difference between vo and ov languages with respect to synthetic compounds falls out from the ranking of the relevant constraints in an optimality-theoretic grammar . _ the representation of on - glides in american english : evidence from phonologically disordered systems _ . in this ot application to english acquisitional phonology , jessica barlow examines the productions of consonant-glide clusters from several children over a period of time , and relates her findings to the issue of whether the glide in a consonant-glide sequence functions as part of the onset or part of the nucleus . _ output configurations in phonology : epenthesis and syncope in cairene arabic _ . stuart davis and bushra adnan zawaydeh examine the output configurations created by syncope and epenthesis processes in cairene arabic . in cases where the ot prediction that the output shapes of syncope and epenthesis processes should be symmetrical is not maintained , there is an overriding base-identity constraint that plays a key role . _ variation in acquisition : an optimal approach _ . in this paper , katherine demuth shows than an ot analysis can account for multiple optimal outputs in acquisitional phonology in terms of partially ordered constraint rankings , or stratified domination hierarchies . _ topic - oriented null arguments in korean and optimality theory _ . jong - kyoo kim offers an ot analysis of null arguments , both subject and object arguments , in korean based on the domination of topic-related constraints over projection-related constraints . kim also develops a general pro-drop typology which reflects a differential ranking of constraints . _ correspondence in kyungsang korean truncation _ . seung - hoon shin examines a range of data on truncated words in the kyungsang dialect of korean including hypocoristics , truncated compounds , and loanword truncation . shin shows clear evidence that truncated words can be based on the underlying input rather than on a fully syllabified output .
  """",0
  2439,""""Subject: syntax and semantics of tense and mood selection
   
   conference on syntax and semantics of tense and mood selection 2 - 4 july , 1998 department of education and communications sciences university of bergamo organisers : alessandra giorgi , university of bergamo , giorgi @ ibguniv . unibg . it fabio pianesi , irst , trento , pianesi @ irst . itc . it local organisation : dott . a molani sig . ra michela perrottelli secretary of the department : sig . ra flora drago flora @ ibguniv . unibg . it tel : + 39 - ( 0 ) 35-277421 registration : wednesday , 6 - 7 . 30 pm , room 14 , piazza vecchia 8 ( bergamo alta ) thursday , july 2nd , 1998 registration and conference site : room 5 , via salvecchio 19 ( bergamo alta ) 9 . 00 - 9 . 15 opening address - prof . a . castoldi ( dean of the faculty ) and prof . m . ceruti ( head of the department ) 9 . 15 - 10 . 15 j . higginbotham ( invited speaker - somerville college , oxford ) - """""""" temporal subordination in english """""""" 10 . 15 - 10 . 30 break 10 . 30 - 11 . 10 m . hackl & j . nissenbaum ( mit ) - """""""" variable modal force in for - infinitival relative clauses """""""" 11 . 10 - 11 . 50 a . giannakidou ( amsterdam ) & f . zwarts ( groeningen ) """""""" semantic restrictions on tense / aspect combinations with temporal connectives """""""" 11 . 50 - 12 . 50 a . von stechow ( invited speaker - tuebingen ) - """""""" where is anteriority in ( german ) perfect constructions ? """""""" 12 . 50 - 14 lunch 14 . 00 - 15 . 00 a . bonomi ( invited speaker - milano ) - """""""" semantical considerations on the progressive reading of the imperfective . """""""" 15 . 00 - 15 . 40 s . rothstein ( bar - ilan ) - """""""" achievements and progressives """""""" 15 . 40 - 16 . 20 g . a . broadwell ( albany ) & g . brugger ( ucla ) - """""""" variability in aspectual orientation : the perfective in choctaw """""""" 16 . 20 - 16 . 40 break 16 . 40 - 17 . 20 r . amritavalli ( hyderabad ) - """""""" tense , aspect and mood in kannada """""""" 17 . 20 - 18 . 00 n . duffield ( mcgill , montreal ) - """""""" deriving temporal and modal interpretation in vietnamese """""""" 18 . 00 - 19 . 00 t . stowell ( invited speaker - ucla ) - """""""" sequence of tense and indexicality """""""" friday , july 3rd , 1998 conference site : room 5 , via salvecchio 19 ( bergamo alta ) 9 . 00 - 10 . 00 p . molinelli ( invited speaker - bergamo ) - """""""" sequence of tense and mood selection in late latin """""""" 10 . 00 - 10 . 40 a . mittwoch ( jerusalem ) - """""""" tense for the quick and the dead """""""" 10 . 40 - 11 . 00 break 11 . 00 - 11 . 40 t . moia ( lisboa ) - """""""" on the semantics of temporal connectives expressing anteriority and posteriority """""""" 11 . 40 - 12 . 40 s . iatridou ( invited speaker - mit ) - """""""" the role of tense , mood and aspect in the expression of counterfactuality """""""" 12 . 40 - 14 . 00 lunch 14 . 00 - 15 . 00 g . cinque ( invited speaker - venezia ) - """""""" on the order of tense and aspect heads """""""" 15 . 00 - 15 . 40 h . demirdache ( vancouver ) & m . uribe - etxebarria ( vitoria - gasteiz ) - """""""" towards a restrictive theory of the diversity of temporal systems """""""" 15 . 40 - 16 . 20 t . bhattacharya ( ucl , london ) - """""""" the subjunctive in bangla """""""" 16 . 20 - 16 . 40 break 16 . 40 - 17 . 40 d . abusch ( invited speaker - stuttgart ) - """""""" toward a compositional representation for tense , infinitivals and futurity . """""""" 17 . 40 - 18 . 00 break 18 . 00 - 19 . 30 plenary discussion - chairs : i . heim ( mit ) & j . higginbotham ( oxford ) 20 . 30 social dinner saturday , july 4th , 1998 conference site : room 5 , via salvecchio 19 ( bergamo alta ) 9 . 30 - 10 . 30 a . giorgi ( bergamo ) & f . pianesi ( itc-irst , trento ) - """""""" generalised double access reading """""""" 10 . 30 - 11 . 10 b . hollebrandse ( umass , amherst ) - """""""" the acquisition of sequence of tense """""""" 11 . 10 - 11 . 30 break 11 . 30 - 12 . 10 g . katz ( tuebingen ) - """""""" present - oriented constructions and the perfectivity parameter """""""" 12 . 10 - 13 . 10 h . kamp ( invited speaker - stuttgart ) - """""""" deixis and context dependence of time denoting nps and temporal adverbs """""""" alternates kiyomi kusumoto ( amherst ) - """""""" a theory of sequence of tense : evidence from a non - sequence-of - tense language """""""" c . gronemeyer ( lund ) - """""""" the syntactic basis of evidentiality in lithuanian """""""" m . r . manzini ( firenze ) - """""""" the syntax of the subjunctive """""""" m . ippolito ( mit ) - """""""" reference time and tense anaphora """""""" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - how to get to bergamo : milano linate and milano malpensa are the closest international airports . bergamo is about 30 miles away from milan . a taxi from linate to bergamo would cost approximately 80 $ . a taxi from malpensa would cost approximately 120 $ . - if you arrive at milano linate take the bus to """""""" milano centrale """""""" station ; the bus leaves every 20 minutes and takes 15 minutes to arrive at the station . - if you arrive at milano malpensa take the bus to """""""" milano centrale """""""" station ; the bus leaves every half an hour and takes almost an hour to arrive at the station . - from milano centrale there are some trains to bergamo . otherwise , take the metro from centrale to milano porta garibaldi station ( two stops on the green line ) ; here you find more trains to bergamo . some trains go directly from milan to bergamo , others stop in carnate usmate , where you have to get a connection train to bergamo : both ways take the same time ( 50 minutes ) and cost the same . just take the first train leaving either to carnate or to bergamo . - from venice ( or padua ) : take a train going toward milan and get off in brescia . take the first train to bergamo ( 50 minutes ) . please notice that there are no trains during the night ( after 11pm ) ! more detailed information about trains can be found at the www of ferrovie dello stato ( italian railways ) , where train schedule , bookings , etc . . are also available . the address is : http : / / www . fs-on - line . com / - there is a small airport in bergamo : orio al serio . check at your travel agency whether there are connecting flights which might be useful to you . - once in bergamo : the conference site is in bergamo alta ( the ancient town ) . buy a bus ticket ( about $ 1 ) , take the bus number 1 to the funicolare and then with the same ticket you can take the funicular to the top . addresses and fax numbers : a . giorgi dept . of education and communications sciences university of bergamo piazza vecchia 8 24 100 bergamo , italy giorgi @ ibguniv . unibg . it fax 39-35 - 235136 ; from june 19 : 39-035 - 235136 pianesi @ irst . itc . it fax 39-461 - 302040 ; from june 19 : 39-0461 - 302040 secretary , ms flora drago : flora @ ibguniv . unibg . it fax 39-35 - 235136 ; from june 19 : 39-035 - 235136 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hotels sr = single room dr = double room bergamo alta ( the ancient town , where the conference will take place ) . hotel name san lorenzo , piazza mascheroni 9 sr : itl 138 . 000 breakfast incl . tel . 035-237383 ; fax 035-261661 dr : itl 198 . 000 breakfast incl . san vigilio , via san vigilio 15 dr : itl 170 . 000 no breakfast incl . tel . 035-253179 ; fax 035-402081 agnello d ' oro , via gombito 22 sr : itl 75 . 000 no breakfast incl . tel . 035-249883 ; fax 035 - 235612 dr : itl 125 . 000 no breakfast incl . bergamo bassa ( very close to bergamo alta , 10 minutes by bus / funicular , and very well connected even at night ) arli , largo porta nuova 12 sr : itl 128 . 000 no breakfast incl . tel . 035-222014 ; fax 035-239732 dr : itl 160 . 000 no breakfast incl . piemontese , p . le g . marconi 11 sr : itl 96 . 000 breakfast incl . tel . 035-242629 ; fax 035-230400 dr : itl 136 . 000 breakfast incl . commercio , via tasso 88 sr : ilt 77 . 000 breakfast incl . tel . 035-224096 ; fax 035-220451 dr : itl 110 . 000 breakfast incl . san giorgio , via san giorgio 10 sr : itl 55 . 000 no breakfast incl . tel . 035-212043 ; fax 035 - 310072 dr : itl 90 . 000 no breakfast incl . youth hostel , via galileo ferraris 1 , tel & fax : 035-361724 for further travel information you can contact : agenzia viaggi lorandi , tel . 035-222244 ; fax 035-225053 please notice that it is necessary to reserve in advance , because summer is """""""" high season """""""" and last minute arrangements might fail . important : if you want to attend the conference , please send us an e-mail message , or a fax !
  """",0
  2440,""""Subject: tromsoe conference on vo and ov
   
   conference roster what : """""""" vo and ov """""""" where : university of tromsoe when : 22-23 may , 1998 who : sjef barbiers , leiden university / hil the right-periphery in sov languages : english and dutch michael brody , hungarian academy of science mirror theory and word order hubert haider , university of salzburg ov is more basic than ov alison henry , university of ulster at jordanstown ov phenomena in vo languages - belfast english and ulster irish roland hinterhoelzl , university of southern california licensing movement and stranding in the west germanic ov languages anders holmberg , university of tromsoe ov in finnish thorbjoerg hroarsdottir , university of tromsoe parameter change in icelandic matt pearson , ucla two types of vo languages susan pintzuk , university of york verb - complement word order in old english vaijayanthi sarma , mit a derivational analysis of non-canonical word orders in certain sov languages peter svenonius , university of tromsoe negative object fronting in icelandic tarald taraldsen , university of tromsoe v - movement versus vp - movement in derivations leading to vo order for further information contact peter svenonius , sven @ isl . uit . no
  """",0
  2441,""""Subject: iatl 14
   
   israel association for theoretical linguistics forteenth annual conference we enclose details about accommodation , travel and the schedule for iatl 14 , to be held be held in ben gurion university , beer sheva , on june 8 - 9 1998 . we hope you will be able to join us . accommodation : people wishing to book accommodation should contact ariel cohen ( arikc @ bgumail . bgu . ac . il ) asap . there are three main options : * beersheva hilton : single 95 $ , double 115 $ , suite 220 $ ( all prices per night and include breakfast , the prices do not include 17 % vat ) . * neot midbar hotel : single 56 $ , double 74 $ , triple 104 $ , lunch 13 $ , dinner 22 $ ( at the red sand grill restaurant ) . * bgu dorms : shared apartment : 179 nis ( approx 50 $ ) for one night , or 330 nis ( = 93 $ approx ) for up to a week . own apartment ( suitable for a couple ) : 265 nis for one night , or 549 nis for up to a week . travel : beersheva is well connected to both telaviv and jerusalem by fast , air conditioned egged buses ; ask driver for ben gurion university stop . once you ' re safely off the bus , cross the road , main entrance becomes visible immediately . drivers : turn left to ben gurion ave . , which is the street running south of the university and north of a big hospital . take the second left turn ( a turn without a traffic light ; if you hit a light , you have driven too far ) . you will see two gates with barriers ; pick the one on the left - this is the visitors ( paid ) parking . schedule : monday morning ( june 8 ) ( conference hall ) 10 : 30-11 : 00 registration and coffee 11 : 00-11 : 10 greetings 11 : 10-12 : 20 invited talk : g . cinque ( venice ) adverbs and functional heads 12 : 20-13 : 00 s . zuckerman ( groningen ) no true optionality 13 : 00-14 : 30 lunch monday afternoon ( june 8 ) ( conference hall ) 14 : 30-15 : 10 j . quer ( utrecht ) free relatives and the contribution of mood shift 15 : 10-15 : 50 i . landau ( mit ) on possessor raising in hebrew 15 : 50-16 : 30 a . grosu ( tel aviv ) carlsonian contexts are all ` filters ' not ` plugs ' 16 : 30-17 : 00 coffee 17 : 00-17 : 40 d . kolliakou ( newcastle / jerusalem ) linkhood and the syntax of definites 17 : 40-18 : 20 s . wintner ( tuebingen ) definiteness agreement and inheritance in hebrew 20 : 00 dinner tuesday morning ( june 9 ) ( conference hall ) 10 : 30-11 : 00 coffee 11 : 00-11 : 40 k . wexler ( mit ) , j . schaeffer ( beersheva ) , g . bol ( groningen ) verbal syntax and morphology in dutch normal and sli children 11 : 40-12 : 20 i . elisha ( bar ilan ) the minimal competence hypothesis in functional categories and child language 12 : 20-13 : 00 w . sandler ( haifa ) / m . nespor ( amsterdam ) prosodic phonology in sign language 13 : 00-14 : 40 lunch tuesday afternoon ( june 9 ) ( conference hall ) 14 : 40-15 : 20 s . rothstein ( bar ilan ) achievements and progressives 15 : 20-16 : 00 g . brugger ( los angeles ) time points and temporal modification 16 : 00-16 . 30 coffee 16 : 30-17 : 10 b . ritter ( calgary ) agreement in the semitic prefix conjugation : evidence for a non-linear approach to person , number and gender agreement 17 . 10-17 . 50 a . sherman ( santa cruz ) roots and correspondence : denominal verbs in modern hebrew
  """",0
  2442,""""Subject: dependency - based grammars at coling - acl
   
   coling - acl ' 98 workshop """""""" processing of dependency - based grammars """""""" program saturday , august 15 , 1998 universit de montral montral , canada this one-day workshop will be a meeting point for researchers interested in the implementation of dependency - based grammars ( dgs ) . it will be a forum for presenting different theoretical approaches to dgs , as well as strategies adopted for their implementation . although the focus of this workshop is on dgs , it also aims at establishing connections between different approaches to the modeling and implementation of grammatical phenomena . nine papers have been selected for presentation at the workshop . additionally , four """""""" short """""""" papers will be included in the worhsop proceedings . this is the pre-final program for the workshop . the schedule is tentative and may vary slightly . remember that you have to register for the workshop . information about registration can be found at the coling - acl site : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / mainpage . html . schedule for presentations 9h15 - 9h30 opening address 9h30 - 10h00 towards an implementable dependency grammar timo jrvinen and pasi tapanaimen 10h00 - 10h30 unit coordination and gapping in dependency theory vincenzo lombardo and leonardo lesmo 10h30 - 11h00 a type of natural measures of word order freedom toms holan , vladislav kubon , karel oliva and martin pltek 11h00 - 11h15 coffee break 11h15 - 11h45 how to define a context-free backbone for dgs : an experiment in grammar conversion norbert brker 11h45 - 12h15 types of syntagmatic grammatical relations and their representation elke teich 12h15 - 13h30 lunch 13h30 - 14h00 movement rules revisited eva hajicov 14h00 - 14h30 integration of syntactic and lexical information in a hierarchical dependency grammar cristina barbero , leonardo lesmo , vincenzo lombardo and paola merlo 14h30 - 14h45 coffee break 14h45 - 15h15 on parsing binary dependency structures deterministically in linear time harri arnola 15h15 - 15h45 decision procedures for dependency parsing using graded constraints wolfgang menzel and ingo schrder 15h45 - 16h00 closing address short papers * a case study in implementing dependency-based grammars marie bourdon , lyne da sylva , michel gagnon , alma kharrat , sonja knoll and anna maclachlan * parsing with dependency relations and robust parsing jacques courtin and damien genthial * complements and adjuncts in depending grammar parsing emulated by a constrained context - free grammar tom b . y . lai and huang changning * an annotated corpus in japanese using tesnire 's structural syntax yves lepage , ando shin - ichi , akamine susumu and iida hitoshi for information concerning the workshop , please contact either member of the organizing committee . organizing committee sylvain kahane ( talana paris vii / universit paris x ; email : sk @ ccr . jussieu . fr ) alain polgure ( omtl universit de montral ; email : polguera @ ere . umontreal . ca ) program committee * anne abeill ( universit paris vii ) * michael a . covington ( university of georgia ) * michael elhadad ( ben - gurion university ) * sylvain kahane ( talana universit paris vii / universit paris x ) * dick hudson ( university college london ) * igor mel ' cuk ( universit de montral ) * alexis nasr ( universit d ' avignon ) * alain polgure ( omtl universit de montral ) * petr sgall ( charles university ) * jacques vergne ( universit de caen )
  """",0
  2443,""""Subject: beyond boundaries ii
   
   european studies research institute university of salford with the universit de toulouse - le mirail call for papers international conference 19-21 february 1999 ' beyond boundaries ii : new europe . . . pan europe ? trajectories and destinations ' following the success of the first ' beyond boundaries ' cross-disciplinary conference in this series , the european studies research institute ( esri ) , with the universit de toulouse - le mirail , is inviting proposals for papers for the above conference . esri comprises four centres : contemporary history and politics , language and linguistics , literary and cultural studies and policy studies . among the themes to be discussed across these centres and in a series of parallel sessions are : discourses and communities , languages , literatures and cultures , ethnicity and national identity . . . the centre for language and linguistics invites submissions for : sociolinguistically orientated papers on themes including : * language , ethnicity and identity * language and variation * linguistic minorities , language politics and language contact * translation , cultures and discourses and for papers to be presented at a : * ' time and space in language and cognition workshop ' , organised by diane blakemore ( esri ) and jasques durand ( equipe de recherche en syntaxe et smantique , cnrs , and dpartement d ' etudes du monde anglophone , toulouse - le mirail ) in association with the north west centre for linguistics . the centre 's keynote speaker will be professor jenny cheshire , who is professor of linguistics at queen mary & westfield college , university of london with a special interest in sociolinguistics . for further information , please contact : professor diane blakemore , department of modern languages , university of salford , salford , greater manchester , m5 4wt uk . telephone : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 4948 facsimile : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 5223 . e - mail : d . blakemore @ mod-lang . salford . ac . uk or : ms charlotte hoffmann , department of modern languages , university of salford , salford , greater manchester , m5 4wt , uk . telephone : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 4390 . facsimile : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 5223 e - mail : c . hoffmann @ mod-lang . salford . ac . uk abstracts ( maximum 300 words ) with title , name , address , institution and status ( where applicable ) should be sent by friday 4 september 1998 to : professor geoff harris , director european studies research institute ( esri ) university of salford salford , greater manchester m5 4wt , uk telephone : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 5275 facsimile : + 44 ( 0 ) 161 295 5223 e - mail : g . t . harris @ mod-lang . salford . ac . uk
  """",0
  2444,""""Subject: international summer school on speech processing
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * international summer school """""""" neural nets e . r . caianiello """""""" 3rd course """""""" a course on speech processing , recognition , and artificial neural networks """""""" * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * web page : http : / / wsfalco . ing . uniroma1 . it / speeschool . html the school is jointly organized by : international institute for advanced scientific studies ( iiass ) vietri sul mare ( sa ) italy , ettore majorana foundation and center for scientific culture ( emfcsc ) erice ( tr ) , italy supported by : european speech communication association ( esca ) sponsored by : salerno university , dipartimento di scienze fisiche e . r . caianiello ( italy ) directors of the course directors of the school and organizing committee : gerard chollet ( france ) . maria marinaro ( italy ) m . gabriella di benedetto ( italy ) michael jordan ( usa ) anna esposito ( italy ) maria marinaro ( italy ) place : international institute for advanced scientific studies ( iiass ) via pellegrino 19 , 84019 vietri sul mare , salerno ( italy ) dates : 5th - 14th october 1998 student fee : 1500 dollars student fee include accommodations ( arranged by the school ) , meals , one day of excursion , and a copy of the proceedings of the school . transportation is not included . a few scholarships are available for students who are otherwise unable to participate at the school , and who cannot apply for the grants offered by esca . the scholarship will partially cover lodging and living expenses . day time : 3 hour in the morning , three hour in the afternoon . day free : one day with an excursion of the places around . aims : the aim of this school is to present the experiments , the theories and the perspectives of acoustic phonetics , as well as to discuss recent results in the speech literature . the school aims to provide a background for further study in many of the fields related to speech science and linguistics , including automatic speech recognition . the school will bring together leading researchers and selected students in the field of speech science and technology to discuss and disseminate the latest techniques . the school is devoted to an international audience and in particular to all students and scientists who are working on some aspects of speech and want to learn other aspects of this discipline . major topics the school will cover a number of broad themes relevant to speech , among them : 1 ) speech production and acoustic phonetics 2 ) articulatory , acoustic , and prosodic features 3 ) acoustic cues in speech perception 4 ) models of speech perception 5 ) speech processing ( preprocessing algorithms for speech ) 6 ) neural networks for automatic speech recognition 7 ) multi - modal speech recognition and recognition in adverse environments . 8 ) speech to speech translation ( vermobil and cstar projects ) 9 ) applications ( foreign language training aids , aids for handicapped , . . . . ) . 10 ) stochastic models and dialogue systems format the meeting will follow the usual format of tutorials and panel discussions together with poster sessions for contributed papers . the following tutorials are planned : abeer alwan ucla university ( ca ) usa """""""" models of speech production and their application in coding and recognition """""""" andrea calabrese university of connecticut ( usa ) """""""" prosodic and phonological aspects of language """""""" gerard chollet cnrs - enst france """""""" alisp , speaker verification , interactive voice servers """""""" piero cosi cnr - padova italy """""""" auditory modeling and neural networks """""""" renato de mori universite d ' avignon , france """""""" statistical methods for automatic speech recognition """""""" m . gabriella di benedetto universita ' degli studi di roma """""""" la sapienza """""""" , rome , italy ` ` acoustic analysis and perception of classes of sounds ( vowels and consonants ) """""""" bjorn granstrom royal institute of technology ( kth ) sweden """""""" multi - modal speech synthesis with application """""""" jean p . haton universite henri - poincare , crin-inria , france """""""" neural networks for automatic speech recognition """""""" hynek hermansky oregon graduate institute , usa """""""" goals and techniques of speech analysis """""""" hermann ney computer science department , aachen germany """""""" algorithms for large vocabulary speech recognition """""""" """""""" text and speech translation using statistical methods """""""" john ohala university of california at berkeley ( ca ) usa """""""" articulatory constraints on distinctive features """""""" jean sylvain lienard limsi-cnrs , france """""""" speech perception , voice perception """""""" """""""" beyond pattern recognition """""""" proceedings the proceedings will be published in the form of a book containing tutorial chapters written by the lecturers and possibly shorter papers from other participants . one free copy of the book will be distributed to each participant . language the official language of the school will be english . poster submission there will be a poster session for contributed presentations from participants . proposals consisting of a one page abstract for review by the organizers should be submitted with applications . duration participants are expected to arrive in time for the evening meal on sunday 4th october and depart on tuesday 15th october . sessions will take place from monday 5th - wednesday 14th . costs the cost per participant of 1 . 500 $ dollars covers accommodation ( in twin rooms ) , meals for the duration of the course , and one day of excursion . - a supplement of 40 dollars per night should be paid for single room . payment details will be notified with acceptance of applications . grants - a few esca grants are available for participants ( which cover tuition and , maybe , part of the lodging ) . see http : / / ophale . icp . inpg . fr / esca / grants . html for further information . individual applications for grants should be sent to wolfgang hess by e-mail : wgh @ sunwgh . ikp . uni-bonn . de eligibility the school is open to all suitably qualified scientists from around the world . application procedure : important date : application deadline : may 30 1998 notification of acceptance : june 15 1998 registration fee payment deadline : july 10 1998 people with few years of experience in the field should include a recommendation letter of their supervisor or group leader places are limited to a maximum of 60 participants in addition to the lecturers . these will be allocated on a first come , first served basis . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * application form title : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ family name : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ other names : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ name to appear on badge : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ mailing address ( include institution or company name if appropriate ) : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ phone : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ fax : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ e - mail : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ date of arrival : date of departure : will you be applying for a esca grant ? yes / no * * ( please delete the alternatives which do not apply ) will you be applying for a scholarship ? yes / no * * ( please delete the alternatives which do not apply ) * ( please include in your application a justification for scholarship request ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * please send the application form together the recommendation letter by electronic mail to : iiass @ tin . it , subject : summer school ; or by fax : + 39 89 761 189 ( att . ne prof . m . marinaro ) or by ordinary mail to the address below : iiass via pellegrino 19 , i84019 vietri sul mare ( sa ) italy for further information please contact : anna esposito international institute for advanced scientific studies ( iiass ) via pellegrino , 19 , 84019 vietri sul mare ( sa ) italy fax : + 39 89 761189 e-mail : annesp @ vaxsa . csied . unisa . it * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * michelina ( elina ) savino dee - politecnico di bari via orabona , 4 - 70125 bari italia tel : + 39 80 5460253 fax : + 39 80 5460410 e-mail : esavino @ poliba . it
  """",0
  2445,""""Subject: lagb autumn meeting
   
   linguistics association of great britain autumn meeting 1998 : university of luton first circular and call for papers the 1998 autumn meeting will be held from thursday 10 to saturday 12 september at the university of luton , on its park square campus . the local organiser is vlad zegarac ( vladimir . zegarac @ luton . ac . uk ) . the conference immediately follows the relevance theory workshop , which takes place at the university of luton from 8th to 10th september ( for further information contact : s . nicolle @ mdx . ac . uk ) luton is the largest town in the county of bedfordshire and is situated 30 miles north of london on the edge of the chilterns . luton is surrounded by pleasant countryside with famous walks such as the icknield way . within easy reach of town are public parks for picnics , boating , mini-golf and more . by the late 19th century the town had become a centre for hat and lace manufatcure , but a century on luton is chiefly known for its connections with the motor vehicle industry , as home of vauxhall motors . the park square campus is located in the town centre , close to many pubs , restaurants and the arndale shopping centre . the former luton college of higher education was granted university status in 1993 and underwent significant expansion ( a 30 milion investment programme has provided new teaching , learning and residential facilities for about 15 , 000 students ) . part of this expansion was a new faculty of humanities , including a department of linguistics . accommodation : will be in the university halls of residence , within 5 - 7 minutes walking distance from the park square bilding where the talks will take place . all bedrooms are single . each bedroom is part of a flat , which consists of a bathroom , kitchen and five bedrooms . travel : the university of luton is at the hub of national and international travel networks . it is just off junction 10 of the m1 . london luton airport is ten minutes away by car , and it taks five minutes to walk to the rail station ( the thaneslink rail network with direct trains to london kings cross and to gatwick airport ) . london heathrow airport is 40 minutes away ( by car ) , and london gatwick is an hour and a half from luton either by car or by train . events : the henry sweet lecture 1998 on the thursday evening will be delivered by dan sperber ( cnrs , and crea , ecole politechnique , paris ) . there will be a workshop on experimental pragmatics organised by billy clark ( middlesex university ) . there will be a language tutorial on roshani , a pamir language of the eastern iranian group of indo - european , given by john payne ( university of manchester ) . there will be a wine party on the thursday evening , following dan sperber 's lecture . enquiries about the lagb meeting should be sent to the meetings secretary ( address below ) . full details of the programme and a booking form will be included in the second circular , to be sent out in june . call for papers : members and potential guests are invited to offer papers for the meeting ; abstracts are also accepted from non-members . the lagb welcomes submissions on any linguistics or linguistics-related topic . abstracts must arrive by 5 june 1998 and should be sent in the format outlined below to the following address : professor r . hudson , department of phonetics and linguistics , university college london , gower street , london , wc1e 6bt . papers for the programme are selected anonymously - only the president knows the name of the authors . abstracts must be presented as follows : submit seven anonymous copies of the abstract , plus one with name and affiliation , i . e . camera-ready . the complete abstract containing your title and your name must be no longer than one a4 page ( 21cm x 29 . 5cm / 8 . 27 """""""" x 11 . 69 """""""" ) with margins of at least 2 . 5cm ( 1 """""""" ) on all sides . you may use single spacing and type must be no smaller than 12 point . type uniformly in black and make any additions in black . use the best quality printer you can , since if the paper is accepted the abstract will be photocopied and inserted directly into the collection of abstracts sent out to participants . write your name and address for correspondence on the back of the abstract which has your name on . the following layout should be considered as standard : ( title ) optimality and the klingon vowel shift ( speaker ) clark kent ( institution ) department of astrology , eastern mars university the following guidelines may be useful : 1 . briefly state the topic of your paper . 2 . if your paper is to involve an analysis of linguistic material , give critical examples , along with a brief indication of their critical nature . 3 . state the relevance of your ideas to past work or to the future development of the field . if you are taking a stand on a controversial issue , summarise the arguments which lead you to take up this position . the normal length for papers delivered at lagb meetings is 25 minutes ( plus 15 minutes discussion ) . offers of squibs ( 10 minutes ) or longer papers ( 40 minutes ) will also be considered : please explain why your paper requires less or more time than usual . n . b . abstracts submission dates : these are always announced in the first circular for the meeting in question . any member who fears that they may receive the first circular too late to be able to submit an abstract before the deadline specified can be assured that an abstract received by the president by january 1 or june 1 will always be considered for the next meeting . conference bursaries : there will be a maximum of 10 bursaries available to unsalaried members of the association ( e . g . phd students ) with preference given to those who are presenting a paper . applications should be sent to the president , and must be received by 5 june 1998 . please state on your application : ( a ) date of joining the lagb ; ( b ) whether or not you are an undergraduate or postgraduate student ; ( c ) if a student , whether you receive a normal grant ; ( d ) if not a student , your employment situation . students who are submitting an abstract and wish to apply for funding should include all the above details with their abstract . nominations for speakers : nominations are requested for future guest speakers ; all suggestions should be sent to the honorary secretary . changes of address : members are reminded to notify the membership secretary ( address below ) of changes of address . an institutional address is preferred ; bulk mailing saves postage . committee members : president professor richard hudson , department of phonetics and linguistics , university college london , gower street , london , wc1e 6bt . e - mail : dick @ ling . ucl . ac . uk honorary secretary professor anna siewierska , department of linguistics , university of lancaster , bailrigg , lancaster la1 4yw . e - mail : a . siewierska @ lancaster . ac . uk membership secretary dr . kersti brjars , department of linguistics , university of manchester , manchester m13 9pl . e - mail : k . e . borjars @ manchester . ac . uk meetings secretary dr . marjolein groefsema , department of linguistics , university of hertfordshire , watford campus , aldenham , herts . wd2 8at . e - mail : m . groefsema @ herts . ac . uk treasurer dr . paul rowlett , dept . of modern languages , university of salford , salford m5 4wt . e - mail : p . a . rowlett @ mod-lang . salford . ac . uk assistant secretary dr . april mcmahon , dept . of linguistics , university of cambridge , sidgwick avenue , cambridge cb3 9dq . e - mail : amm11 @ hermes . cam . ac . uk internet home page : the lagb internet home page is now active at the following address : http : / / clwww . essex . ac . uk / lagb . electronic network : please join the lagb electronic network which is used for disseminating lagb information and for consulting members quickly . it can be subscribed to by sending the message """""""" add lagb """""""" to : listserv @ postman . essex . ac . uk . future meetings : 8-10 april 1999 university of manchester . 7 - 9 september 1999 university of york . spring 2000 ( provisional ) university college london . autumn 2000 ( provisional ) university of wales , bangor . the meetings secretary would very much like to receive offers of future venues , particularly from institutions which the lagb has not previously visited or from places with newly established linguistics programmes .
  """",0
  2446,""""Subject: workshop on embodied conversational character
   
   2nd call for papers the first workshop on embodied conversational characters granlibakken resort & conference center at lake tahoe tahoe city ( north shore ) california , usa october 12-15 , 1998 with the support of aaai cooperation of acm / sigchi recent advances in several core software technologies have made possible a new type of human-computer interface : the conversational character . conversational characters are autonomous , anthropomorphic , animated figures that have the ability to communicate through multiple modalities , including spoken language , facial expressions , and gestures . unlike textual natural language interfaces , conversational characters have the ability to perceive and produce the verbal and non-verbal signals that identify discourse structure and regulate the flow of information between interlocutors . such signals include intonational patterns , gestures , back-channel feedback signals , and turn-taking protocols . these capabilities enable them to engage in complex interactions with human users via natural speech rather than complex command languages , menus or graphical manipulations . research on conversational characters has emerged from a number of disciplines , including , among others , artificial intelligence , computational linguistics , computer animation , computer vision , psychology , cognitive science , virtual reality , cscw , and hci . this diversity is naturally reflected in the broad range of active research areas in conversational character interfaces . the primary goal of this workshop is to advance the state of conversational character research and development by identifying novel approaches to the topics and issues listed below , and integrating them into a framework for embodied , conversational human-computer interaction . selected contributors will be invited to expand and refine their papers for inclusion in a book to be published by addison - wesley . the aims of this book will be to introduce , define , and advance the field ; to give a snapshot of current work in it ; and to suggest future challenges and opportunities . particular topics of interest include , but are not limited to : * multi - modal interaction * autonomy * recognition & perception of speech , * behavior / dialogue planning gesture , facial expressions , etc . * distribution of semantic information * reactivity and opportunism across multiple modalities * rendering techniques * representation * semantic representations for * character individuation non-verbal communication * dialogue planning * affect and personality * turn - taking and back-channel signals * user studies * spoken language processing * tools for character * discourse structure building / authoring * intonation * architectures & applications papers should address one or more of these topics . demonstrations and video presentations of working systems are strongly encouraged . format the two and a half-day workshop will include several paper sessions , organized around emerging themes , with follow-up panel discussions . in addition , there will be a demonstration session for authors to present working systems . attendance attendance will be limited to 35-40 people . preference will be given to authors whose papers have been selected for presentation at the workshop . submission requirements paper submissions are due on june 15 , 1998 , and should be no longer than 6 pages ( 10-12 point font ) . upon acceptance , authors will be given the opportunity to expand their papers to 8-10 pages . electronic submissions in postscript or microsoft word formats are preferred , and should be sent to prevost @ pal . xerox . com . otherwise , send four hardcopies to : scott prevost attn : embodied conversational characters workshop fx palo alto laboratory 3400 hillview avenue , bldg . 4 palo alto , ca 94304 voice : 650 / 813-7701 deadlines submissions due june 15th notification of acceptance august 17th final papers due september 14th workshop october 12th - 15th workshop organizers joseph w . sullivan , fx palo alto lab , usa ( sullivan @ pal . xerox . com ) justine cassell , mit media laboratory , usa ( justine @ media . mit . edu ) workshop program committee committee co - chairs : scott prevost , fx palo alto lab , usa ( prevost @ pal . xerox . com ) elizabeth churchill , fx palo alto lab , usa ( churchill @ pal . xerox . com ) committee members : elisabeth andr , dfki gmbh , germany ( elisabeth . andre @ dfki . de ) gene ball , microsoft research , usa ( geneb @ microsoft . com ) phil cohen , oregon graduate institute , usa ( pcohen @ cse . ogi . edu ) barbara hayes - roth , stanford univ . , usa ( hayes-roth @ cs . stanford . edu ) kenji mase , atr international , japan ( mase @ mic . atr . co . jp ) clifford nass , stanford university , usa ( nass @ leland . stanford . edu ) mark steedman , university of pennsylvania , usa ( steedman @ cis . upenn . edu ) kris thorisson , lego a / s , denmark ( kris @ digi . lego . com ) demos chair : timothy bickmore , isii inc . , usa ( bickmore @ pal . xerox . com ) additional information for more information , please consult the workshop web page : www . fxpal . com / wecc98 /
  """",0
  2447,""""Subject: fourth mid-continental workshop on phonology ( mcwop 4 )
   
   where : university of michigan , ann arbor , michigan . when : beginning afternoon on friday , october 16 , and ending sunday morning , october 18 , 1998 . what : as in the three previous workshops , we intend this to be a fairly informal gathering , open to students and faculty , but especially suitable for graduate students presenting work in progress . we hope it will be possible , as before , to accept all abstract submissions , but if the number of submissions received exceeds the capacity of the workshop , we will find a solution then . presentations dealing with any of the various areas of phonological investigation ( broadly construed ) are welcome . presentations are planned to be approximately 20 minutes in length with an additional period of discussion . who : you , hopefully . what to do to present : provide us with a title which clearly indicates the paper 's topic and scope , your name and affiliation , and , if possible , a brief ( 1 - 2 paragraph ) summary of the content of the talk before september 20 . e - mail submissions to the mcwop organizing committee at mcwop4 @ umich . edu further information : email to mcwop4 @ umich . edu
  """",0
  2448,""""Subject: document design
   
   on december 17 and 18 , 1998 , tilburg university will host the first international conference on document design the conference will address research on the design of informative , instructive , and persuasive texts . aim the aim of the conference is to bring together researchers who are interested in document design and who are working in the field of discourse studies , ( cognitive ) linguistics , educational psychology , speech communication , technical documentation , communication science , social psychology , cognitive psychology , marketing communication , and so on . contributions the organizers invite contributions on how document design decisions and the choice of message variables affect the function and use of informative , instructive , or persuasive documents . methodologies methodologies used may range from experimental and ( corpus ) analytical to case studies . message variables may concern content , structure , style , lay-out , audience , and so on . deadline for abstracts : may 15 , 1998 for further information you can visit our website : http : / / cwis . kub . nl / ~ fdl / research / tw / docdes98 / index . htm or contact document . design98 @ kub . nl
  """",0
  2449,""""Subject: gala ' 97 proceedings ( change of address )
   
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dr antonella sorace tel : + 44 131 650-3493 / 3864 university of edinburgh , fax : + 44 131 650-6526 department of applied linguistics antonella @ ling . ed . ac . uk 14 buccleuch place , edinburgh eh8 9ln , scotland http : / / www . ling . ed . ac . uk / ~ antonell - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - proceedings of the gala ' 97 conference on language acquisition * * * * * * * * * change of address * * * * * * * * * the highly successful gala ' 97 conference on language acquisition took place in edinburgh in april 1997 , attracting some 200 researchers in language acquisition from around the world . information about the conference and abstracts of the papers may be found at the gala ' 97 website http : / / www . cogsci . ed . ac . uk / gala / the printed proceedings of that conference are now available . they contain 93 6 - page papers covering first language syntax and semantics , acquisition of phonetics and phonology , cognitive modelling , second language syntax and semantics , second language psycholinguistics , impaired acquisition , bilingual acquisition . all of these papers were presented at the conference either as papers or posters . the volume ( 540 pp . isbn 1 902242 00 9 ) can be ordered directly . to order , please make a cheque or money-order , in uk pounds sterling , payable to """""""" the university of edinburgh """""""" . also , print out and fill in the order form below and address them to : gala ' 97 proceedings human communication research centre the university of edinburgh 2 buccleuch place edinburgh eh8 9lw uk note that this address is different from that included in a previous announcement . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + gala ' 97 proceedings . order form . please send me . . . . . copies of the gala ' 97 proceedings . send them to : ( name and address ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the cost per copy is 16 . 00 pounds sterling . please tick your postal requirements ( cost is per copy ) tick cost destination . . . . 4 . 15 pounds . within uk . ( first class , one price ) . . . . 5 . 29 pounds anywhere in the rest of europe ( airmail ) . . . . 12 . 03 pounds usa and rest of the world ( airmail ) . . . . 5 . 21 pounds usa and rest of the world ( surface mail - allow 4 - 6 weeks ) total the cost of the book ( s ) and the ( combined ) postage . please add 35p for each copy if you are paying by credit card ( see below ) . i enclose cheque / money order to the value of . . . . . . . . we are able to accept payment from a variety of credit cards ( visa , mastercard , switch , and delta ) . payments made by credit card incur an additional charge of 2 % of the total amount due ( see above ) . if you wish to pay by credit card , please print out the following form , complete it and return it to us by post . ( you are advised not to send your credit card details by email . also , we require an actual signature . ) name : address to which the card is registered : card type ( visa , mc , switch , delta ) : card number : valid from : expiry data : amount due : total to be charged to card : signature : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  """",0
  2450,""""Subject: meeting notice
   
   fourth mid-continental workshop on phonology ( mcwop 4 ) where : university of michigan , ann arbor , michigan . when : beginning afternoon on friday , october 16 , and ending sunday morning , october 18 , 1998 . what : as in the three previous workshops , we intend this to be a fairly informal gathering , open to students and faculty , but especially suitable for graduate students presenting work in progress . we hope it will be possible , as before , to accept all abstract submissions , but if the number of submissions received exceeds the capacity of the workshop , we will find a solution then . presentations dealing with any of the various areas of phonological investigation ( broadly construed ) are welcome . presentations are planned to be approximately 20 minutes in length with an additional period of discussion . who : you , hopefully . what to do to present : provide us with a title which clearly indicates the paper 's topic and scope , your name and affiliation , and , if possible , a brief ( 1 - 2 paragraph ) summary of the content of the talk before september 20 . e - mail submissions to the mcwop organizing committee at mcwop4 @ umich . edu further information : email to mcwop4 @ umich . edu
  """",0
  2451,""""Subject: australian linguistics society
   
   final call for papers als-98 australian linguistics society conference als-98 july 3 - 5 , 1998 university of queensland brisbane , queeensland , australia local organizer : john ingram submission deadline : february 28 , 1998 the 1998 annual conference of the australian linguistics society ( als ) will be held at emmanuel college , the university of queensland , 3 - 5 july , just prior to ali-98 ( australian linguistics institute ) . the conference organizers invite submissions on any area of contemporary linguistic research . papers will be given as oral presentations , 25 minutes , plus 5 minutes for questions . abstracts will be reviewed for suitability as conference presentations . selected papers will be published electronically as refereed conference proceedings . * how to submit abstracts abstracts ( approx . 300 words ) may be submitted by mail , e-mail , or fax . submissions must be received by february 28 , 1998 . at the top of the abstract please include your name , affiliation , address , telephone and fax numbers , and e-mail address . email submission of abstracts is preferred to : als98 @ cltr . uq . edu . au otherwise , mail abstracts to : the organizers , als-98 department of english university of queensland brisbane , 4072 , australia fax : + 61 7 3365 2799 * for questions or more information on the conference please check our conference website : http : / / www . cltr . uq . oz . au : 8000 / als98 / or contact john ingram department of english university of queensland brisbane 4072 australia jingram @ lingua . cltr . uq . edu . au fax : + 61 7 3365 2799
  """",0
  2452,""""Subject: scil 10
   
   call for papers . student conference in linguistics 10 special theme : linguistics in cognitive science keynote speaker : lila gleitman june 6 - 7 , 1998 northwestern university the 10th annual student conference in linguistics will be held at northwestern university in june 1998 . scil is a student-run conference run which aims to bring together graduate students from around the world to present their research and build connections with other students . the proceedings are published in the mit working papers in linguistics . we invite original , unpublished work in any area of linguistics . we would particularly like to encourage submissions which border other disciplines , in keeping with the conference theme . this includes , but is not limited to , psycholinguistics , computational linguistics , anthropological linguistics , speech perception and language acquisition . guidelines for submission : please submit ten copies of a one-page , 500 - word , anonymous abstract for a twenty-minute paper ( optionally , one additional page for data and / or references may be appended ) , along with a 3 """""""" by 5 """""""" card with : ( 1 ) your name , ( 2 ) your affiliation , ( 3 ) your address , phone number , and e-mail address , ( 4 ) the title of the paper , and ( 5 ) an indication of which subdivision of linguistics best describes the topic ( e . g . , phonetics , phonology , syntax , semantics , psycholinguistics , anthropological linguistics , computational linguistics , etc . ) the abstract should be as specific as possible , and it should clearly indicate the data covered , outline the arguments presented , and include any broader implications of the work . the deadline for receipt of abstracts is friday march 13 . send abstracts to : scil 10 department of linguistics northwestern university 2016 sheridan road evanston , il 60208 e - mail abstracts will be accepted in ascii only . the email message should also contain your name , affiliation , address , phone number , and e-mail address , the title of your paper , and the area of linguistics within which it falls . email abstracts should be submitted to scil @ ling . nwu . edu by 5pm on march 13 . further information is available at http : / / www . ling . nwu . edu / ~ scil . questions can be directed to scil @ ling . nwu . edu .
  """",0
  2453,""""Subject: conference announcement : talc 98
   
   * * * * * call for registration : talc98 * * * * * * * * the 3rd international conference on teaching and language corpora will be held at keble college , oxford between 24 and 27 july 1998 . the use of large computer-held corpora of real language , no longer novel in linguistic research , is increasingly a focus of attention for language teachers . experiments in data driven learning and corpus-based methods are beginning to bear fruit in a wide range of language teaching environments . this international conference will bring together practitioners and theorists with a common interest in the usability of corpus data for such purposes as : * language teaching and learning * student-centred learning and investigation * cross-linguistic comparison * cultural and historical studies the conference programme includes : * a choice of pre-conference workshops classroom corpora ( chris tribble ) ; parallel corpora ( knut hofland ) ; the battle of the giants : boe vs . bnc ( jem clear and guy aston ) * invited lectures from jem clear ( cobuild ) , and from professsor jean aitchison ( oxford ) * about 40 formal papers * poster sessions * book and software exhibits full details of the speakers and the programme , including rates and registration forms , are available at the conference website : http : / / users . ox . ac . uk / ~ talc98 note registrations received before 29th may will qualify for a discount an additional registration fee will be charged for workshops workshop registration will close on 30 june ; places are limited
  """",0
  2454,""""Subject: sampson : educating eve
   
   g . sampson , ( 1997 ) educating eve : the language instinct debate , cassell , london , 184pp . reviewed by feargal murphy , university college dublin . the rise of generative linguistics in 60s gave a new lease of life to the old nature vs . nurture debate . the behaviourist model of language was judged a failure at explaining the process of language acquisition and a new theory of language acquisition emerged . it was rooted in the philosophy of descartes in the 17th century as well as humboldt and , ultimately , plato . it came to be known as linguistic nativism or rationalist linguistics and is most associated with noam chomsky . the central tenet of this theory is that children are born with some kind of language acquisition device already in place in their brains which allows them to acquire the language of their environment . within linguistic nativism there has been some debate as to whether this device provides merely general rules that allow for the acquisition of language or whether it is a rich innate system that provides a complete basis for language acquisition so that a child can acquire the complexities of a language at a time when its general cognitive development could not possibly cope with such complexity . the rationalist tradition behind linguistic nativism has always been in contrast with empiricism which states that all ideas and knowledge ( including knowledge of language ) come from experience obtained through the senses and that there can be no innate knowledge . a view that goes back to the 17th century and the writings of locke , berkeley and hume and in the modern era has also been associated with the philosophers of the vienna circle and karl popper . _ educating eve _ will certainly not determine the outcome of the nature vs . nurture debate , nor will it , in my opinion , lead to any productive insight into the debate . the book fails to understand the scope and import of the nativist arguments and consequently falls short of presenting a genuine criticism of it . as it stands the book will be applauded by those who are already favourably disposed towards its conclusions and derided by those who are not . _ educating eve _ ( henceforth _ ee _ ) argues against the writings of chomsky , as well as pinker 's ' the language instinct ' , bickerton 's ' language and species ' and jackendoff 's ' patterns in the mind ' . these three books are essentially aimed at the general rather than the specialist reader . the result of targeting these three books is to make the arguments against nativism appear weak and superficial . the desire to rescue public opinion from the wrong path is a recurring theme in the author 's work . in his _ language and liberty _ , which also argued for a non-nativist view of language , the main aim was to discourage people from following left wing politics . the author 's politics , unfortunately , emerge as a strong force in this book . given the importance of the nativism debate i shall focus primarily on the more important linguistic issues , leaving aside politics except when they cloud the issues surrounding nativism the alternative to nativism that this book argues for is essentially a version of karl popper 's empiricism . according to this view the ability to learn may be innate but there are no domain specific innate mechanisms involved in learning . people learn the language of the community they belong to in the same way that they learn anything else , by trial and error . they ' make original though fallible conjectures and test them against objective reality ' ( p . 137 - all quotes are from _ ee _ unless otherwise indicated ) . eventually , using this method , each individual comes to learn a language . what they learn are ' wholly cultural constructs ' ( p . 137 ) , an e - language rather than an i - language , to use chomsky 's terminology . note that the conception of language in _ ee _ is totally different from those of chomsky , jackendoff , bickerton or pinker . for these nativists , language cannot belong to a society rather than to the individual . this issue is not actually addressed in the book . _ ee _ merely states that language is a cultural artifact and not biological , but does not furnish any evidence for this claim . the book also states popper 's belief that the mind is not amenable to scientific theorising ( p . 138 ) . i am unable to find any evidence in the book to support this claim . however , if one assumes that the mind is outside the domain of scientific inquiry then it simply becomes impossible to engage in a debate about the merits of the specifics of any nativist theory . the first task this book undertakes is to demolish chomsky 's arguments for nativism ( only sourcing material up to 1991 ) and then to demolish the 's econd wave ' nativists - with pinker foremost in the second wave . the book utilises many arguments , some more noteworthy than others , and it would be beyond the scope of this review to examine them all . i will look at a few of the arguments , more or less at random . the arguments against chomsky centre on what sampson perceives as the basis of nativism : 1 : speed of acquisition 2 : age - dependence 3 : poverty of data 4 : convergence among grammars 5 : language universals 6 : species - specificity _ ee _ claims the first argument ( speed of acquisition ) is hollow as there is no way of determining what exactly 's peed ' could be in this area . however , it seems uncontroversial enough that children acquire language faster than adults and that they do so without the problems that adults encounter . there is no attempt in the book to address the notion of whether different languages are acquired at different speeds or whether different children acquiring the same language do so in radically different sequences . this would seem to be a distinct possibility if we do not have an innate language specific faculty but rather rely on some generalised learning mechanism . a look at the evidence regarding language acquisition across languages would have helped make the case conclusive . the book should have dealt more with data available in order to show that only a non-nativist account of language acquisition could capture the facts . instead _ ee _ relies on the notion that the popperian account can cope just as well as a nativist account and is closer to the ' common sense ' view of language . but this does not prove that a popperian account is right . chomsky 's second argument ( age - dependence ) is dismissed because , the book states , humans can learn language at any age """""""" if they see the task as worthwhile """""""" ( p . 36 ) . however , the author does not describe any procedure for assessing the worthwhileness of the task . why a child would find it worthwhile to learn a language when its needs are being met by compliant adults responding to non-linguistic communication is not addressed . if the early vocalisations of children are evidence of the beginnings of language acquisition , then the child is deciding at a very early age that language is ' worthwhile ' , at a stage when it seems difficult to believe the child is weighing up any options to see what may or may not be worthwhile . following this logic we could extend the criterion of """""""" worthwhileness """""""" to other ' learning ' such as ' learning to walk ' and eliminate the innate component from that as well . the book states that there are """""""" plenty of cases on record of adults mastering a second language to native-speaker standard apart from accent """""""" ( p . 36 ) ; i am not quite sure what it might mean to achieve native-speaker standard apart from accent . what the book suggests - without providing any crucial evidence - - is that """""""" learning as a general process is for biological reasons far more rapid before puberty than after """""""" ( p . 37 ) . this is supposed to show that age dependence is not proof of a critical period for language acquisition using some innate language acquisition device - - a critical period being one of the features that is characteristic of innate behaviour . the age dependence , according to the book , falls out from the slowing down of the learning process in general after puberty . this , however , seems to contradict the other argument against age dependence ; that an adult can master a second language to native speaker standard . the author also states that """""""" susan curtiss herself regarded genie as refuting the strong version of lenneberg 's claim , that natural language acquisition cannot occur after puberty """""""" ( p . 37 ) . susan curtiss might want to respond to that one herself . my understanding of her work on genie is that genie did have language ( that is , rule-governed creative linguistic behaviour ) but was not able to achieve anything close to native speaker competence while under observation ( curtiss , p . 204 ) even though it would indeed have been ' worthwhile ' to do so . furthermore her linguistic development did not follow the same course as children acquiring language normally . this suggests that genie 's ability to learn language was diminished due to her age but the important point is that her cognitive development in other areas seemed not to be so affected . it would also have been worthwhile for chelsea to have learned language , yet chelsea did not achieve native speaker standard ( see jackendoff 's _ patterns in the mind _ ) . the third argument presented by chomsky for nativism , according to the book , is poverty of data during acquisition . the arguments against chomsky presented in the book do not bear close scrutiny . according to the book , motherese provides a """""""" graded series of language lessons """""""" ( p . 39 ) and is not at all degenerate , as the poverty of data argument states . this is not particularly new ( the references cited by the author are from the early 70s ) . the fact is , however , that we really do not yet know what role - if any - motherese plays in learning / acquiring a language . but one thing worth noting is that there is no language teaching theory that proposes that adults could be most effectively taught a second language through being taught in motherese . it is also true that there do not yet exist conclusive studies on the universality of motherese ( although the wide variety of language groups studied show a high degree of similarity ) . in some cultures motherese seems to play less of a role and is different to the motherese we see in the english speaking world . in fact motherese or child directed speech seems not to make the task of learning / acquiring language all that much easier but what it does is allow for a high degree of socialisation . this can be seen in the fact that the simplification of structure decreased greatly when the parent and child were no longer in the presence of the observer but merely being taped . the motherese wa s not for the benefit of the child only . of course , if language is not in any way innate we are left with the problem of explaining how child directed speech is so perfectly a """""""" graded series of language lessons """""""" for the infant , despite the fact that adults are not taught how to give language lessons , perhaps empiricist would have to say that the ability to give """""""" a graded series of lessons """""""" in language is innate . the author states that a popperian account of language learning would allow for a child to determine the general principles from the input ( as it would for an adult who wants to learn a language ) . this is important as the nativist account holds that the basic principles of language are innate and thus are available for use in determining what is going on in the language input . individuals learning a language via a popperian method would use their learning abilities to work out the general principles from the input without any of these principles being already available in the head . but what are we to make of cases of * specific language impairment * where the rate of learning / acquisition a language seems different from other areas of learning ? the whole basis of a popperian analysis is that language acquisition is not different from any other domain where learning occurs . consequently , it predicts that there could be no difference between the acquisition of language and learning in other cognitive domains . this prediction runs counter to reported facts as clearly presented in yamada 's 1990 book ' laura : a case study for the modularity of language ' . in arguing against chomsky , the author takes chomsky 's much used example of english speaking children determining how to ask yes / no questions . he is seeking to show that chomsky is being dishonest in his analysis by not verifying the data . a child working out how to make a yes / no question in english has to work out that if any verb is to be moved it has to be the verb in the main clause and not just the first verb encountered in the sentence . to work this out , a child has to distinguish between verbs and other words and also between main verbs and auxiliary verbs as well as knowing the structure of the phrases in the sentence . then the child has to work out that auxiliary verbs in the main clause can move to the beginning of the sentence but that main verbs appear in the infinitive while a tensed 'd o ' occurs at the beginning of the sentence . chomsky 's point is that children learn to make these distinctions and move the appropriate verb from the appropriate position to form a yes / no question with great ease . both the author and chomsky agree on the analysis of the rule involved in forming a yes / no question but where they differ is in their belief about the * exposure * of children to yes / no questions where the main clause is not the first clause in the sentence but rather a subordinate clause appears first , as in : is the man who is talking to bill wearing gloves ? chomsky 's claim is that a child may not encounter such a question in the language s / he hears before determining the rule of yes / no question formation . _ ee _ argues that such sentences are indeed present in the language that children hear . what the book actually has to prove is that all children hear this crucial form of yes / no question before they determine the yes / no question formation rule . this is not shown but instead it is argued that such structures are available to children who read ; but children who do n't read learn language as well . indeed it is quite possible that children form the rule about yes / no question formation before the ever learn to read . the author claims that he shows that chomsky is ' wildly mistaken ' ( p . 42 ) , he paraphrases the situation as follows : """""""" . . the man who is the world 's leading living intellectual , according the cambridge university a second plato is basing his radical reassessment of human nature largely on the claim that a certain thing never happens ; he tells us that it strains his credulity to think that it might happen , but he has never looked , and people who have looked find that it happens a lot . """""""" ( p . 42-43 ) the people who have looked are sampson himself and geoff pullum ( p . 42 ) but they have only checked sources of written language but as i have said this ignores the fact that illiterate children can also speak . in fact , so enamoured is the author with the written word that he argues that , historically , hypotaxis emerges as literacy develops . somehow the organisation involved in writing leads to great leaps forward in language . he does finally admit that there is no great research on this topic but blames linguistics departments for this ( """""""" this is not a popular topic of research in linguistics departments """""""" , p . 75 ) . there is nothing to prevent the taping of the speakers of modern pre-literate languages - if one can find any cultures that could be classed as pre-literate without any qualifications - in order to test for the occurrence of hypotaxis but the author does n't seem to have u ndertaken this task . the book does n't opt fully for the idea that there was little or no hypotaxis in the languages of ancient pre-literate cultures as the author states , hedging his bets : """""""" if there was little or no hypotaxis in these languages """""""" [ the hebrew of the old testament etc . ] """""""" that is a real difference between them and more recent languages """""""" . ( p . 75 ) for obvious reasons we can never answer the question of whether or not there was hypotaxis in hebrew before writing or indeed while writing was still a fairly recent innovation . it is true that serious investigation into parataxis and subordination in various languages has been carried out and goes back over one hundred years . the book claims that """""""" it was a cliche of late nineteenth century linguistics that the early stages of languages with a long recorded history showed a development from what was called parataxis to hypotaxis """""""" ( p . 74 ) . it cites great linguists like karl brugmann , hermann paul and eduard hermann as support for the notion that languages go from a paratactic stage to a hypotactic stage . but there are two problems with this . firstly , not all nineteenth century linguists would have been happy with the notion that hypotaxis emerged as writing developed . hermann jacobi 's 1897 work ' composition und nebensatz ' concluded that """""""" maori , like early stages of pie may not have had contained a relative particle """""""" in subordination ( lehmann , p . 60 ) . so jacobi is claiming that pie did have subordination which is the basis of hypotaxis for brugmann , paul and hermann . secondly , there is really no reason to believe that nineteenth century linguists got everything right in comparative and historical linguistics . the idea that hypotaxis emerged from a previous stage must be seen alongside other ideas in nineteenth century linguistics about the development of languages from primitive systems to more complex systems . the fourth argument the book looks at is convergence among grammars - the notion that people of varying levels of intelligence and exposure to different language inputs , converge on the same grammar . the book claims ( p . 46 ) that chomsky has admitted that educated people may know their mother tongue better . this does not fit in with an i - language approach and so is obviously not representative of chomsky 's theory of language . an i - language approach excludes the possibility of a mother tongue ( an e - language ) that people have mastered to varying degrees . for chomsky such things as english or hungarian or swahili do not exist in any meaningful way . this is controversial , but the point is that for chomsky there is no mother tongue divorced from an individual 's knowledge of it . the second line of argument identified by sampson is that people do not actually converge on the same grammar as they give different grammatical judgments in response to the same data . the book refers to labov 's work - presented in austerlitz ( 1974 ) - where respondents varied in their judgments about the grammaticality of presented sentences . the really interesting thing here is that the people taking the test understood the instructions - oral and written - which they were given concerning the test . it is hard to see how they could all have the same understanding of what was said to them unless they had pretty much the same grammars . the language that was used in their instructions would most likely have contained a variety of syntactic constructions , but there are no reports of the people completing the test remarking on the ungrammaticality of any of the instructions they were given . it is easy to find people varying in groups and even as individuals over time when you ask them to assess sentences such as : ' every one of the boys did n't go there ' . the fact that individuals will differ in their judgment over time shows that what is being tested is not the individual 's competence because an adult 's competence does not vary - although their performance might . a large number of factors determine whether an individual would judge a sentence like the one given above as perfectly grammatical or borderline or totally ungrammatical . but the fact that there is a variation in the reported judgments does not in fact constitute an argument against convergence among grammars it is not a test of grammars but rather a test of performance . intuitions about sentences involving scope relations of quantifiers and negation vary because of the many factors that bear on performance . the book also contends ( pp . 107 - 137 ) that the existence of language universals can be explained by the fact that a popperian learning system will automatically yield such universals . they are not the result of the nature of the language faculty but instead derive from the popperian system of learning . again , the author does not show that a popperian account is better than a nativist account at capturing the facts . if the case against nativism is to be proven , then those language universals that we can agree to exist must be explicable either within a popperian system * only * or at least they should be explained better by a popperian learning theory . the book does not do this . the book targets pinker 's ' the language instinct ' . why sampson decides to devote so much effort to the book is somewhat puzzling . pinker 's book is aimed at a fairly general audience and as such is not really a worthwhile target . among the arguments against pinker we find the assumption that surnames are actual words in individual languages . this means that the existence of a person in england with 's ri ' as the first three letters in his surname means that 's ri ' is a possible initial consonant cluster in english ( p . 83 ) . the author also can't resist taking a pot-shot at what he imagines pinker 's political views to be . the tone of his response to pinker is one of condescension which can be irritating and detracts from any points that the author may be trying to make as well as being irrelevant to the substantive issues . but the worst attack is saved for bickerton . the book seeks to portray him as an intellectual lightweight in a most unappealing way ( p . 76 ) : """""""" [ bickerton 's ] stuff must be a real hit with green students on hawaii """""""" . it is surely not too much to expect that personal abuse would be kept out of the realm of intellectual debate . the book also takes on jackendoff stating that jackendoff writes well : """""""" jackendoff is one of the best writers among the linguistic nativists """""""" ( p . 76 ) , but not forgiving him for being a nativist . """""""" if jackendoff reaches for the word ' instinct ' so hastily in these cases , how can we trust him to use the word judiciously where there are real questions to be resolved """""""" ( p . 79 ) . the main issue picked up on in jackendoff 's work relates to sign language . at one stage the author says ( arguing against jackendoff 's analysis of universal grammar ) : """""""" jackendoff has shortly beforehand pointed out that one aspect of american sign language grammar is not paralleled in any spoken language . the sign-language equivalent of the third person pronouns ( she , they , his ) consists of gesturing ( with hand shapes and movements that depend on whether the reference is singular , plural or possessive ) to locations in the signing space which have been assigned to successive topics of conversations . ' the effect is that there are as many different third-person pronouns available as there are discernible locations in the signing space ' . no spoken language has a pronoun system remotely like this , so how can it be part of our innate knowledge . """""""" ( p . 78 ) the author is missing the point here . sign language expresses person , number , gender and possession as spoken language does and not some other features not found in spoken language . so the system the same as spoken language . the use of pronouns in sign language is exactly the same as the use of pronouns in spoken language and is based on universal grammar , what is different is the modality . the availability of the signing space means that a signer can introduce a greater number of pronouns into the discourse as each pronoun can be allocated a location in the signing space without leading to any confusion . this is the same as the fact that i could use as many second person singular pronouns as i wanted as long as i looked at the individual that i was addressing with that pronoun . looking at the person that i was referring to with the pronoun is really the same as the signer using the sign space to tag pronouns . this is not just true of second person pronouns . i could be talking about , say , the members of a football team and refer to each individual using a third person pronoun . i could be quite clear in my own head who is being picked out each time , it would just be confusing to the person i was talking to . this is because there would be no way for them to distinguish the referents of each of the pronouns . in sign language i can exploit the possibility of the signing space by tagging each meaning of a pronoun with a location in space so that the whole thing does not get confusing . the potential in both oral and sign language is the same , but sign can exploit the signing space in a way that oral language cannot . the point is that the limitations are not imposed by language but by the modality . what jackendoff is saying is that the same universal grammar underlies language no matter what the modality . the last chapter in the book ( ' the creative mind ' ) presents sampson 's view of popper . it is not without problems and the author devotes much time to arguing that popper did n't always mean what he said and that sampson 's analysis of popper is the best . however , the crucial lines in the chapter for the purposes of nature vs . nurture are : """""""" minds are not a topic open to scientific theorising . """""""" ( p . 139 ) and """""""" the position adopted in this book is that conscious human minds are not physical entities . talking about minds is not a way of talking about high-level aspects of brain functioning . minds and bodies are different and separate things which act on one another . """""""" ( p . 138 ) for all those people who believe that minds are indeed a topic open to scientific theorising this will render anything else the book has to say suspect . modern nativists ( as well as most non-nativists ) view the mind as amenable to scientific theorising . for chomsky there is no other possible way to study the mind ( chomsky 1993 , 1995 ) . it is hard to see how a significant debate can take place between two such opposite points of view . the author is committed to the cause of a popperian analysis of language learning / acquisition but will never be able to convert a nativist to his way of thinking until he can gain an understanding of the motivations for adopting a nativist position or reconcile himself with the possibility that nativism may be a stance that an intelligent person can adopt . the author seems to imagine himself fighting a rear guard action against the hordes of misguided nativists who , as he sees it , are close to winning the hearts and minds of the masses . one important aspect of this book is that it can be read as a means of testing how one feels about linguistic nativism . unfortunately for sampson 's crusade , it had the effect of making me prefer the nativist analysis even more than before . ( more background information about the author , geoffrey sampson , and the book ' educating eve ' is available at : http : / / www . grs . u-net . com / ) bibliography : r . austerlitz ( ed ) ( 1974 ) , the scope of american linguistics , peter de ridder press . n . chomsky ( 1993 ) , """""""" naturalism and dualism in the study of language """""""" , international journal of philosophical studies , 2 ( 2 ) : 181 - 209 . n . chomsky ( 1995 ) , """""""" language and nature """""""" , mind , 104 ( 403 ) : 1 - 61 . s . curtiss ( 1977 ) , genie : a psycholinguistic study of a modern day """""""" wild child """""""" , academic press . p . fletcher and b . macwhinney ( eds ) ( 1995 ) , the handbook of child language , blackwell . w . p . lehmann ( 1974 ) , proto - indo - european syntax , university of texas press . g . sampson ( 1979 ) , liberty and language , oup . g . sampson ( 1980 ) , schools of linguistics , hutchinson . j . yamada ( 1990 ) , laura : a case for the modularity of language , mit press . feargal murphy , lecturer in the department of linguistics , university college dublin . http : / / www . ucd . ie / ~ linguist / gogs2 . html
  """",0
  2455,""""Subject: usc ea syntax workshop : reminder
   
   usc workshop on syntax of east asian languages november 6 - 8 , 1998 this workshop is an attempt to intergrate the diachronic and synchronic study of chinese , japanese and korean syntax , concentrating on the issues of the structures and interpretations of nominal expressions and the syntax and morphology of function words . the list of invited speakers currently includes : james huang ( university of california , irvine ) yafei li ( university of wisconsin ) tsulin mei ( cornell university ) alain peyraube ( crlao , ehess ) naoki fukui ( university of california , irvine ) satoshi kinsui ( kobe university and osaka university ) s . - y . kuroda ( university of california , san diego ) yukinori takubo ( kyusyu university ) hee - don ahn ( kon kuk university ) william o'grady ( university of hawaii ) james yoon ( seoul national university , university of illinois ) there is a limited number of open slots available and we invite the submission of abstracts . each presentation will be 40 minutes , followed by 15 minutes of discussion . it is planned that the proceedings of the workshop will be published . please send to the organizing committee no later than june 1 , 1998 one copy of your abstract with your name and affliliation , plus five anonymous copies . abstracts should be limited to two pages with the font size not smaller than 11 . we cannot accept abstracts sent by email or fax . the presenters at the workshop will be partially subsidized for travel and accommodation . all submissions should be sent to : usc workshop organizing committee department of east asian languages and cultures university of southern california los angeles , ca 90089-0357 usa for further inquiries , please write to : hoji @ usc . edu , nkim @ usc . edu , audreyli @ usc . edu .
  """",0
  2456,""""Subject: semcom : webnet journal : announcement & call for participation
   
   webnet journal : internet technologies , issues , business & education * * http : / / www . aace . org / pubs / webnet * * > > 1st announcement & call for articles & reviewers < < the webnet journal is a new quarterly print magazine focusing on www , internet , and intranet - based technologies , applications , research , and issues . published by aace , the organizer of the successful and respected webnet conference series ( http : / / www . aace . org / conf / webnet ) , the premiere issue will be available november 1998 . the webnet journal is designed to be an innovative international collaboration between and forum for the top academic and corporate laboratory researchers , developers , business people , and users . * * * * * * * * * * the journal is seeking contributors as authors , columnists , book reviewers , editorial review board members , and associate editors . * * * * * * * * * * major article topics include : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - educational applications - commercial , business , professional , and community applications - general web tools and facilities - societal issues , including legal , standards , and international issues - ergonomic , interface , and cognitive issues - electronic publishing and digital libraries - personal applications and environments - web technical facilities ( for a list of subtopics , see http : / / www . aace . org / pubs / webnet / scope . htm ) all feature articles are carefully peer-reviewed and selected by a respected international editorial review board based on merit and perceived value of the content for readers . columnists offer how-to articles and expert commentary on the latest developments . the corporate development department showcases the latest products and discusses new developments . the abbreviated online version of the webnet journal will offer timely publication of article abstracts , columns , and related news . > links < webnet journal main page - - http : / / www . aace . org / pubs / webnet scope - - http : / / www . aace . org / pubs / webnet / scope . htm call for authors & reviewers - - http : / / www . aace . org / pubs / webnet / call . htm author guidelines - - http : / / www . aace . org / pubs / webnet / guidelines . htm article submission form - - http : / / www . aace . org / pubs / webnet / submit how to subscribe - - http : / / www . aace . org / pubs / webnet / subscribe . htm if you are interested in contributing as an author , article or book reviewer , columnist , or associate editor , please return the form at http : / / www . aace . org / pubs / webnet / call . htm or contact : webnet journal / aace p . o . box 2966 charlottesville , va 22902 usa e - mail : aace @ virginia . edu ; 804-973 - 3987 ; fax : 804-978 - 7449 http : / / www . aace . org
  """",0
  2457,""""Subject: conference announcement
   
   southern illinois university edwardsville and carbondale invite submission of abstracts for the 1998 mid - american linguistics conference we will continue the 33 year tradition of accepting papers on all linguistic topics . linguists in all areas of specialization are encouraged to submit abstracts . this year 's meeting will feature special interest sessions on prosody and bilingualism . it will also feature an excursion to cahokia mounds historic site . plenary speaker : professor gregory ward , northwestern university location : the conference will be in the university center on the campus of southern illinois university edwardsville . edwardsville is located at the junctions of i-270 and highway 157 about 25 miles east of downtown st . louis . guidelines for submission of papers contributed papers will be allowed a maximum of 20 minutes for presentation . published proceedings of the conference will be available if there is sufficient demand ordering information will be provided in september . instructions for the preparation of manuscripts will be sent along with notification of acceptance . please submit 4 copies of a 1 - page abstract no later than august 21 , 1998 . e - mail submissions will < italic > not < / italic > be accepted . submissions faxed to meet the deadline must be followed immediately by mailed abstracts on regular paper . mail abstracts to the address given below . send abstracts and / or requests for additional information about program content to : ron schaefer , department of english , siue , edwardsville , il 62026-1431 telephone : ( 618 ) 650-2060 ; fax : ( 618 ) 650-5050 or e - mail : rschaef @ siue . edu for registration information contact : southern illinois university conferences & institutes at ( 618 ) 650-2660 . for more information , including hotel and travel accomodations , consult our web page ( still under construction ) at < < http : / / www . siu . edu / departments / cola / ling01 / midamerica98 . html > geoffrey s . nathan department of linguistics southern illinois university at carbondale , carbondale , il , 62901 usa phone : + 618 453-3421 ( office ) fax + 618 453-6527 + 618 549-0106 ( home )
  """",0
  2458,""""Subject: survey study
   
   survey study - call for participation the purpose of this qualitative survey study is to collect information from language teachers about their experiences in developing multimedia instructional materials . if you are a language teacher and have created multimedia intructional materials such as - web pages , hypercard or hyperstudio stacks , digital - sound / image / video files , or projects created with advanced authoring - software like authorware , toolbook , or director , we welcome you to spend some time to complete the survey . i will post a summary of the results of the survey to the lisxt when it 's done . the survey can be accessed at : http : / / www . coe . missouri . edu / ~ cjw / survey / username : teacher password : survey if you know of any pre-service and / or in-service language teachers , please invite them to participate in the survey . thanks to you all ! c . james wong college of education | columbia , mo 65211 university of missouri - columbia | http : / / www . coe . missouri . edu / ~ cjw /
  """",0
  2459,""""Subject: computationally - intensive methods in quantitative linguistics
   
   second workshop in computationally-intensive methods in quantitative linguistics department of statistics university of glasgow , uk 7 - 9 september 1998 announcement and call for registration in recent years techniques from disciplines such as computer science , articficial intelligence and statistics have found their way into the pages of journals such as the journal of quantitative linguistics , literary and linguistic computing and computers and the humanities . while this influx may bring more advanced methods of analysis to the fields of quantitative linguistics , stylometry and stylistics , the demands upon researchers to understand and use these new techniques are great . familiarity with the appropriate software and the ear of a sympathetic expert are pre-requisites without which the technique may seem out of reach to the average researcher . the humanities advanced technology and information institute and the department of statistics of the university of glasgow are hence supporting this practical workshop in computationally - intensive methods in quantitative linguistics . the workshop is designed to introduce the participants to four such techniques in a practical environment . each half-day session will be divided into an introductory session in a lecture theatre and a longer period spent working with software and practical examples . all of the speakers have published papers using the analyses they will present and their aim in this workshop is to enable the participants to return to their home institutions able to carry out these techniques in the course of their own research . the sessions and speakers are as follows : harald baayen ; max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen , the netherlands . large number of rare event models walter daelemans ; university of tilburg , the netherlands . linguistics as data mining : using machine learning techniques to discover linguistic generalizations michael oakes ; university of lancaster , unted kingdom . multivariate statistics in corpus linguistics fiona tweedie ; university of glasgow , united kingdom . time series models in linguistics the workshop will be held in the mathematics building of the university of glasgow , commencing on monday 7 september at 1pm . the four workshop sessions will take place on monday afternoon , tuesday 8 september and the morning of wednesday 9 september . there will also be a half day tour on the wednesday afternoon and a reception in the hunterian art gallery on monday evening . accommodation has been arranged in university accommodation with some en suite facilities . the reception , tea and coffee , lunches on 8 and 9 september and evening meals on 7 and 8 september are included in the registration fee . the registration fee , until 15 july , is gbp150 . 00 and gbp100 . 00 for students . participants who are also attending the digital resources in the humanities conference , 9-12 september are eligible for a discount in the registration fees . for more information about the workshop and to register , please consult the web site at http : / / www . stats . gla . ac . uk / ~ cimql , or send email to the conference organisers at cimql @ stats . gla . ac . uk .
  """",0
  2460,""""Subject: sociolinguistics
   
   women changing language anne pauwels , professor of linguistics in the department of linguistics at the university of new england , armidale , australia . paper 0-582 - 09962 - 5 hardback 0-582 - 09961 - 7 280 pages 1998 real language series longman - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' women changing language ' documents and discusses feminist language reform , looking at the initiatives and actions of women around the world to change the biased representation of the sexes in language . the book pays tribute to the activities of many women who have helped debunk myths about the relationship between women and language , for example that women are ' consumers ' of language and men are ' makers ' of meaning and creators of language rules . the study reverses this view , concentrating on women as meaning ' makers ' . women are shown to be language activists who readily challenge sexist language assumptions and practices . the discussion around feminist language reform is approached from a language planning perspective , which has until now been given little recognition . moreover , for the first time , this study adopts multilingual and multicultural dimensions , drawing examples from europe and asia . the extensive collection of multilingual data reveals diversity as well as similarities between languages in the expression and coding of sexism . the study also stresses the need to bear in mind that different cultural attitudes can have varied effects on the acceptance and success of language reform . this book is highly recommended for students and lecturers in sociolinguistics , women 's studies , critical discourse analysis as well as the sociology of language . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - further information on the books published in this series , and the table of contents for this title can be viewed at the longman linguistics on-line catalogue at : http : / / www . awl-he . com / linguistics for a complete listing of our world-wide offices , please click below : http : / / www . awl-he . com / offices
  """",0
  2461,""""Subject: languages of the world , institute of linguistics , moscow
   
   languages of the world publication - languages of the world , institute of linguistics , moscow languages of the world is an encyclopedic multi-volume publication . each volume is devoted to one particular genetic or areal group of languages . all articles are written in russian by the leading authorities of russia and some other countries ( depending on volume ) , specializing in the respective languages . the articles of all volumes of languages of the world are written in accordance with a standard typologically oriented template that is imposed on each language . thus descriptions of all languages are comparable to one another . the articles on specific languages consist of the following main divisions : - sociolinguistic characterization - phonology and phonetics - detailed morphosyntactic characterization - account of the peculiarities of the lexicon - the dialectal system the books of the series are both fundamental studies and reference sources . the books are addressed to linguists , historians , ethnographers , and interested in language studies . so far five volumes have been published . the first one , """""""" uralic languages """""""" , was published in 1993 by """""""" nauka """""""" , and is not available at this time . in 1997 , the publishing house """""""" indrik """""""" published four volumes : - turkic languages , including all ancient and modern languages known to the science ; 542 pp . - mongolic , tingusic , korean , and japanese ; 407 pp . - paleoasiatic languages ( including chukchi - kamchatkan , yeniseian , eskimo - aleut , copper island aleut - russian mixed language , nivkh , yukagir , ainu , and burushaski ) ; 230 pp . - iranian languages , vol . 1 : southwestern group ( volumes 2 and 3 will follow ) ; 206 pp . in 1998 , the following volumes are expected to be published . - iranian languages , vol . 2 - dardic and nuristani languages - caucasian languages volumes on other branches of indo - european are currently being worked on . those who are interested in obtaining those book are requested to contact : andrej kibrik institute of linguistics russian academy of sciences b . kislovskij per . , 1 / 12 russia kibrik @ iling . msk . su fax : [ 7 ] ( 095 ) 290 05 28 we are now working on the problem of how to get books to foreign scholars ; having a list of those interested would make this work easier . prices on books will be in the range of $ 20 , depending on size of a specific book .
  """",0
  2462,""""Subject: phonology
   
   understanding phonology gussenhoven , carlos ( university of nijmegen , the netherlands ) and jacobs , haike ( university of nijmegen and the free university of amsterdam , the netherlands ) ; understanding phonology ; publication march 1998 304pp pb 0 340 69218 9 14 . 99 hb 0 340 69217 0 40 . 00 arnold publishing ' this book gives a clear and accurate picture of current phonological theory in a small number of pages . ' john goldsmith , university of chicago this skilfully written new text provides a broad , yet up-to - date , introduction to phonology . assuming no previous knowledge of phonology or linguistic theory , the authors introduce the basic concepts and build on these progressively , discussing the main theories and illustrating key points with carefully chosen examples . a wide range of phenomena are covered : speech production , segmental contrasts , tone , quality , prosodic structure , metrical relations and intonation . the main theories are introduced and their contributions to our understanding of phonology , as well as their shortcomings , are discussed objectively . contents : the production of speech / some typology : sameness and difference / making the form fit / two levels of representation / distinctive features / ordered rules / the diminutive suffix in dutch / levels of representation / representing tone / skeletal slots and moras / feature geometry / complex segments / stress / iambic and trochambic rhythm in optimality theory . readership : students of linguistics . available on inspection for lecturers ( quote linglist598 ) tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6355 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6325 e - mail : milly . neate @ hodder . co . uk
  """",0
  2463,""""Subject: pragmatics
   
   understanding pragmatics verschueren , jef ( belgian national science foundation , belgium ) ; understanding pragmatics ; publication september 1998 c . 288pp pb 0 340 64623 3 c . 13 . 99 hb 0 340 64624 1 c . 40 . 00 arnold publishing this is the most comprehensive and current introduction to pragmatics . presupposing no background in pragmatics , the author sketches out the theoretical basis of the subject and systematically develops the major theoretical perspectives , to provide a full description of pragmatics as a coherent field of inquiry . the text explores methodological issues , guiding the reader into the existing spectrum of pragmatics-related work . focusing on pragmatics in its broadest sense , the book covers the whole range of social , cultural and cognitive aspects of pragmatics . contents : introduction / overview / the pragmatic perspective / aspects of the meaningful functioning of language / topics and trends . readership : students of linguistics / english language . available on inspection for lecturers ( quote linglist598 ) tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6355 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6325 e - mail : milly . neate @ hodder . co . uk
  """",0
  2464,""""Subject: syntax
   
   understanding syntax tallerman , maggie ( university of durham , uk ) ; understanding syntax ; published september 1998 c . 192pp pb 0 340 60377 1 c . 12 . 99 hb 0 340 70000 9 c . 35 . 00 arnold publishing provides a complete introduction to the main categories and constructions associated with sentence structure - the syntactic component of the grammar of human language . assuming no prior knowledge of linguistics , the book discusses and illustrates all the major terms and concepts . contents : what is syntax ? / words belong to different classes / looking inside sentences / head words and phrases / how do we identify constituents ? / relationship within the clause / syntactic processes . readership : undergraduates in linguistics tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6355 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6325 e - mail : milly . neate @ hodder . co . uk
  """",0
  2465,""""Subject: labphon6 registration and schedule
   
   dear colleagues , this message is a reminder that registration is still open for the sixth conference on laboratory phonology at the university of york ( uk ) on 2nd - 4th july , 1998 . for information on how to register , please see our web site http : / / www . york . ac . uk / ~ lang15 / labphon . html places are also still available for the conference banquet on friday , 3rd july at the historic assembly rooms in the centre of the medieval city of york . if you have difficulty accessing the web site , or have any other query , please do not hesitatate to e-mail us at labphon6 @ york . ac . uk draft programme invited speakers mary beckman ( ohio state ) , john harris ( university college london ) terrance nearey ( university of alberta ) , francis nolan ( university of cambridge ) oral presentations s . hawkins & n . nguyen : effects on word recognition of syllable-onset cues to syllable-coda voicing j . pierrehumbert , j . hay & m . beckman : speech perception , well - formedness and lexical frequency r . wright : factors of lexical competition in vowel articulation b . gick : articulatory correlates of ambisyllabicity in english glides and liquids p . carter : extrinsic phonetic interpretation : spectral variation in english liquids k . de jong : temporal constraints and characterizing syllable structuring b . zawaydeh : the interaction of the phonetics and phonology of gutturals d . silverman : pitch discrimination during breathy versus modal phonation k . hayward & j . watkins : the phonetic interpretation of register k . tajima & r . f . port : speech rhythm in english and japanese j . rodgers : segmental and suprasegmental influences on the realization of voicing in english m . d ' imperio & b gili fivela : how many levels of phrasing ? evidence from two varieties of italian p . keating , t . cho , c . fougeron & c . hsu : domain - initial articulatory strengthening in four languages d . r . ladd & j . scobbie : postlexical phonology does not reduce to phonetics : the case of sardinian external sandhi conference schedule * registration on campus from wednesday lunchtime * conference begins thursday morning * wine reception thursday evening * programme continues friday ( poster session in afternoon ) * conference banquet friday evening * programme continues saturday morning * programme concludes with saturday lunch best wishes , the organising committee _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ labphon6 department of language and linguistic science university of york york yo1 5dd uk e-mail : labphon6 @ york . ac . uk web : http : / / www . york . ac . uk / ~ lang15 / labphon . html telephone : + 44 1904 432658 / 2672 / 2671 / 2660 fax : + 44 1904 432673
  """",0
  2466,""""Subject: special stream at cognitive society
   
   special """""""" stream """""""" at the 20th annual meeting of the cognitive science society madison , wisconsin , august 1 - 4 , 1998 co - chairs : sean o nuallain dublin city university , dublin , ireland & national research council , ottawa , canada ( sonualla @ compapp . dcu . ie ) robert l . campbell department of psychology , clemson university , clemson , sc usa ( campber @ clemson . edu ) what the stream is about though deep and contentious questions of theory and metatheory have always been prevalent in cognitive science - - they arise whenever an attempt is made to define cognitive science as a discipline - - they have frequently been downrated by researchers , in favor of empirical work that remains safely within the confines of established theories and methods . our goal to is redress the balance . we encourage participants in this stream to raise and discuss such questions as : * the adequacy of computationalist accounts of mind * the adequacy of conceptions of mental representation as structures that encode structures out in the environment * the consequences of excluding emotions , consciousness , and the social realm from the purview of cognitive studies * the consequences of newell and simon 's """""""" scientific bet """""""" that developmental constraints did not have to be studied until detailed models of adult cognition had been constructed and tested * the consequences of attempting to reconcile contemporary psychology ( which includes developmental psychology ) with formal linguistics of the chomskyan variety ( which appears to be resolutely anti-developmental if not anti-psychological ) * the relationship between cognitive science and formal logic a wide range of theoretical perspectives is welcome , so long as the presenters are willing to engage in serious discussion with the proponents of perspectives that are different from their own : * vygotskian approaches to culture and cognition * dynamic systems theories * piagetian constructivism * interactivism * situated cognition * neuroscience accounts such as those of edelman and grossberg * accounts of emergence in general , and emergent knowledge in particular * perception and action robotics * functional linguistics * genetic algorithms * information processing * connectionism * evolutionary epistemology contributors should make their submissions to the cognitive science society , following the standard rules for formatting their papers ( if you have not received the hard-copy call for papers , check the css web site at http : / / www . umich . edu / ~ cogsci / cogsci . html ) . the deadline is february 6 , 1998 . contributors should attach a * separate cover page , * indicating that their submissions are intended for the stream chaired by sean o nuallain and robert campbell . otherwise papers will be reviewed by cognitive science society 's regular reviewers , and are not likely to get a sympathetic response . the """""""" stream """""""" will consist of at least two paper sessions ( a total of 8 papers , 20 minutes each ) at the cognitive science society . * if we get enough good submissions , we can request more paper sessions * . all submissions to our stream will be reviewed by * our special reviewers * . besides the co-chairs , these are : ken aizawa ( kaizawa @ beta . centenary . edu ) mark bickhard ( mhb0 @ lehigh . edu ) selmer bringsjord ( brings @ rpi . edu ) andrew brook ( abrook @ ccs . carleton . ca ) brian cox ( psybdc @ vaxc . hofstra . edu ) terry dartnall ( terryd @ cit . gu . edu . au ) mary hegarty ( hegarty @ condor . psych . ucsb . edu ) ken livingston ( livingst @ vaxsar . vassar . edu ) eoghan mac aogain ( eoghan @ ite . ie ) karl f . macdorman ( kfm @ gull . me . es . osaka-u . ac . jp ) paul mc kevitt ( pmck @ kom . auc . dk ) ronan g . reilly ( rreilly @ ollamh . ucd . ie ) tony veale ( tveale @ compapp . dcu . ie ) robert l . campbell professor , psychology brackett hall 410a clemson university clemson , sc 29634-1511 usa phone ( 864 ) 656-4986 fax ( 864 ) 656-0358 http : / / hubcap . clemson . edu / ~ campber / index . html
  """",0
  2467,""""Subject: wml : deadline extended
   
   workshop on mathematical linguistics ( wml ) pennsylvania state university , april 17 , 1998 submissions deadline extended : january 24 information at http : / / www . urv . es / centres / grups / grlmc / index . html ( . ps files are preferred )
  """",0
  2468,""""Subject: corrected conference announcement
   
   southern illinois university edwardsville and carbondale invite submission of abstracts for the 1998 mid - american linguistics conference october 23-24 , 1998 we will continue the 33 year tradition of accepting papers on all linguistic topics . linguists in all areas of specialization are encouraged to submit abstracts . this year 's meeting will feature special interest sessions on prosody and bilingualism . it will also feature an excursion to cahokia mounds historic site . plenary speaker : professor gregory ward , northwestern university location : the conference will be in the university center on the campus of southern illinois university edwardsville . edwardsville is located at the junctions of i-270 and highway 157 about 25 miles east of downtown st . louis . guidelines for submission of papers contributed papers will be allowed a maximum of 20 minutes for presentation . published proceedings of the conference will be available if there is sufficient demand ordering information will be provided in september . instructions for the preparation of manuscripts will be sent along with notification of acceptance . please submit 4 copies of a 1 - page abstract no later than august 21 , 1998 . e - mail submissions will not be accepted . submissions faxed to meet the deadline must be followed immediately by mailed abstracts on regular paper . mail abstracts to the address given below . send abstracts and / or requests for additional information about program content to : ron schaefer , department of english , siue , edwardsville , il 62026-1431 telephone : ( 618 ) 650-2060 ; fax : ( 618 ) 650-5050 or e - mail : rschaef @ siue . edu for registration information contact : southern illinois university conferences & institutes at ( 618 ) 650-2660 . for more information , including hotel and travel accomodations , consult our web page ( still under construction ) at http : / / www . siu . edu / departments / cola / ling01 / midamerica98 . html geoffrey s . nathan department of linguistics southern illinois university at carbondale , carbondale , il , 62901 usa phone : + 618 453-3421 ( office ) fax + 618 453-6527 + 618 549-0106 ( home )
  """",0
  2469,""""Subject: armenian linguistics
   
   * * * call for papers * * * sixth international conference on armenian linguistics - institut national des langues et civilisations orientales ( inalco ) , paris , july 5 - 9 , 1999 papers will not be restricted in terms of topic or theoretical approach . workshops will be organized according to paper proposals . we invite papers on the following topics ( the list is not exhaustive ) - typological and descriptive armenian linguistics ( morphology , syntax , phonetics , pragmatics ; synchrony , diachrony and dialectology ) - history of armenian linguistics ; armenian and theoretical linguistics - sociolinguistics and language policy - the computer in armenian linguistics - comparative grammar and indo - european studies - study of texts and translation questions ( only from a linguistic point of view ) deadline for submission of proposals : september , 30 , 1998 proposals for presentations should be sent to : anaid donabedian , 57 , bd jourdan , 75014 paris , france fax + 33 1 44 15 10 61 e-mail : donabed @ ext . jussieu . fr the fee for participating in the conference will be 500 ff ( roughly us $ 100 ) ( students : 150 ff ) to receive the application form and the complete announcement : donabed @ ext . jussieu . fr
  """",0
  2470,""""Subject: xi int . selim conf : medieval english language & literature
   
   xi international selim conference : medieval english language & literature - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - final call for papers the 11th international conference of selim will be held at the university of vigo from 24 to 26 september 1998 . prof . david denison ( university of manchester ) , prof . matti rissanen ( university of helsinki ) , dr stuart lee ( oxford university computing services ) and dr andrew breeze ( universidad de navarra ) have already confirmed their participation as plenary lecturers . proposals of communications are welcome , with a deadline of may 31 , 1998 . papers will last 20 minutes with a 10 - minute discussion period to follow . abstracts should be no longer than 200 words and should be submitted in print and on a floppy disk ( microsoft word or word perfect ) to the following address : secretara de selim98 facultade de humanidades . universidade de vigo aptdo . 874 . e-36200 vigo ( spain ) submissions should include name ( s ) and institutional affiliation ( s ) of the author ( s ) , telephone , fax and e-mail address . please indicate if you need an overhead projector , a computer or any other facilities . acceptance of proposals will be communicated in june 1998 . the third circular will be sent around june 1998 and will carry fuller information on the arrangements for the conference . for any enquiries about accomodation or travel arrangements please contact bives tour at info @ conbives . com . for further information visit the conference website at : http : / / www . uvigo . es / eventos / congresos / selim98 / or send and e-mail to : selim98 @ uvigo . es the organising committee , may 1998 ana m bringas lpez dolores gonzlez alvarez javier prez guerra eduardo varela bravo
  """",0
  2471,""""Subject: final programme workshop on distributing and accessing linguistic resources
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * distributing and accessing linguistic resources * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * may 27th , this workshop is part of first international conference on language resources and evaluation at the university of granada , may 26th to 30th 1998 ( see http : / / ceres . ugr . es / ~ rubio / elra . html for details and how to register ) . the workshop will discuss ways to increase the efficacy of linguistic resource distribution and programmatic access , and work towards the definition of a new method for these tasks based on distributed processing and object-oriented modelling with deployment on the www . the workshop will take place in the afternoon after the scheduled lunch break ( 13 . 20 - 14 . 40 ) . organizers : yorick wilks , wim peters , hamish cunningham , remi zajac papers presentations are 15 minutes each with 5 minutes for discussion . 14 . 45 - 15 . 05 distributed thesaurus storage and access in a cultural domain application s . boutsis , b . georgantopoulos , s . piperidis institute for language and speech processing , athens 15 . 05 - 15 . 25 a new model for language resource access and distribution w . peters , h . cunningham , y . wilks , c . mccauley university of sheffield 15 . 25 - 15 . 45 reuse and integration of nlp components in the calypso architecture r . zajac new mexico state university 15 . 45 - 16 . 05 corpus - based research using the internet h . brugman , a . russel , p . wittenburg , r . piepenbrock max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen 16 . 05 - 16 . 30 the cue corpus access tool o . mason university of birmingham 16 . 30 - 17 . 00 coffee break 17 . 00 - 17 . 20 linguistic research utilizing the edr electronic dictionary as a linguistic resource t . ogino edr , japan 17 . 20 - 19 . 00 ( room available until 20 . 00 ) panel discussion : distributing and accessing linguistic resources the panel participants are : khalid choukri , eduard hovy , judith klavans , yorick wilks , and antonio zampolli . 14 . 00 - 14 . 45 and 16 . 30 - 17 . 00 poster presentations the presentation of the posters will happen in 2 sessions , at the end of lunch and during afternoon coffee . the posters will also be on display during the workshop . tractor : telri research archive of computational tools and resources r . krishnamurthy university of birmingham web - surfing the lexicon d . cabrero , m . vilares , l . docampo , s . sotelo ramon pineiro research centre / universities of coruna and santiago exploring distributed mt o . streiter , a . schmidt - wigger , u . reuther , c . pease iai saarbruecken a proposal for an on - line lexical database p . cassidy micra , inc . workshop scope and aims - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - in general the reuse of of nlp data resources ( such as lexicons or corpora ) has exceeded that of algorithmic resources ( such as lemmatisers or parsers ) . however , there are still two barriers to data resource reuse : 1 ) each resource has its own representation syntax and corresponding programmatic access mode ( e . g . sql for celex , c or prolog for wordnet , sgml for the bnc ) ; 2 ) resources must generally be installed locally to be usable ( and of course precisely how this happens , what operating systems are supported etc . varies from case to case ) . the consequences of 1 ) are that although resources share some structure in common ( lexicons are organised around words , for example ) this commonality is wasted when it comes to using a new resource ( the developer has to learn everything afresh each time ) and that work which seeks to investigate or exploit commonalities between resources ( e . g . to link several lexicons to an ontology ) has to first build a layer of access routines on top of each resources . so , for example , if we wish to do task-based evaluation of lexicons by measuring the relative performance of an information extraction system with different instantiations of lexical resource , we might end up writing code to translate several different resources into sql or sgml . the consequence of 2 ) is that there is no way to """""""" try before you buy """""""" : no way to examine a data resource for its suitability for your needs before licencing it . correspondingly there is no way for a resource provider to expose limitted access to their products for advertising purposes , or gain revenue through piecemeal supply of sections of a resource . this workshop will discuss ways to overcome these barriers . the proposers will discuss a new method for distributing and accessing language resources involving the development of a common programmatic model of the various resources types , implemented in corba idl and / or java , along with a distributed server for non-local access . this model is being designed as part of the gate project ( general architecture for text engineering : http : / / www . dcs . shef . ac . uk / research / groups / nlp / gate / ) and goes under the provisional title of an active creole server . ( creole : collection of reusable objects for language engineering . currently creole supports only algortihmic objects , but will be extended to data objects . ) a common model of language data resources would be a set of inheritance hierarchies making up a forest or set of graphs . at the top of the hierarchies would be very general abstractions from resources ( e . g . lexicons are about words ) ; at the leaves would be data items that were specific to individual resources . programmatic access would be available at all levels , allowing the developer to select an appropriate level of commonality for each application . note that although an exciting element of the work could be to provide algorithms to dynamically merge common resources what we ' re suggesting initially is not to develop anything substantively new , but simply to improve access to existing resources . this is not a new standards initiative , but a way to build on previous initiatives . of course , the production of a common model that fully expressed all the subtleties of all resources would be a large undertaking , but we believe that it can be done incrementally , with useful results at each stage . early versions will stop decomposing the object structure of resources at a fairly high level , leaving the developer to handle the data structures native to the resources at the leaves of the forest . there should still be a substantial benefit in uniform access to higher level strucures . program committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - yorick wilks hamish cunningham wim peters remi zajac roberta catizone paola velardi maria teresa pazienza roberto basili bran boguraev sergei nirenburg james pustejowsky ralph grishman christiane fellbaum
  """",0
  2472,""""Subject: making sense of language series
   
   making sense of language series series editor : a / prof jill burton making sense of functional grammar the introductory workbook for every teacher linda gerot and peter wignell this workbook is the most innovative workbook available in systemic-functional grammar . designed to be used by teachers and teacher educators coming to grips with functional grammar , it also is the essential textbook for introductions to bachelor or masters degree level courses . it answers your questions about functional grammar and genre , how to describe the language used in your classroom , how to teach about differences in spoken and written language , how to increase students ' awareness of how language is used , and much more . isbn 0 646211 60 9 , pb 268p , aud $ 24 . 95 plus freight , trade welcome . making sense of text the contexttext relationship linda gerot volume 2 explores whole texts with reference to lexicogrammar , and how genre , field , tenor , mode and ideology contribute to our understanding of spoken and written texts . readers will learn how to apply the grammar to contrasting texts through the author 's analysis of a range of authentic material from a variety of contexts . although it builds on volume 1 , readers new to this kind of grammatical explanation can still use this volume as an introduction to systemic-functional grammar . the book will assist any reader 's understanding of the all-important contexttext relationship . isbn 0 646241 44 3 , pb 152p , aud $ 24 . 95 plus freight , trade welcome . for further information and orders for this latest teaching resource , contact your local educational book seller ( please give them our contact details ) , or the publisher directly ( we dispatch daily , word-wide ) : gerd stabler , aee publishers po box 5806 , gold coast mail centre queensland 9726 , australia tel : 07 5562 1130 , fax : 07 5562 1140 mobile : 041 923 1998 e-mail : aeegerd @ onthenet . com . au volume 3 , making sense of teaching reading also by dr . linda gerot is forthcoming and should be available late 1998 . please record your interest in this title , and we will notify you the moment it is available and deduct a 20 % discount especially for you when ordering volume 3 . in the meantime , please enjoy volume 1 and 2 , bestsellers on both sides of the horizon . additionally , we are looking for new authors to contribute to this series : making sense of language please contact the publisher : aee ( aeegerd @ onthenet . com . au ) thank you united states clients may like to contact : dominie press , inc 1949 kellogg ave , carlsbad ca 92008 tel . 619 431 8000 , fax . 619 431 8777 e-mail : rayuen @ dominie . com canadian clients should contact : pippin publishing c / - general distribution services 325 humber college blvd toronto , ontario m9w 7c3 tel . 416 502 1262 , fax . 416 502 1101 middle east , please contact : the kuwait bookshop co ltd po box 2942 13030 safat kuwait tel : 965 242 4266 & 242 4289 fax : 965 242 0558 uk clients : we need your help , please ! to - date we have been unable to locate a bookseller to distribute these titles in the uk and beyond . thank you for your time and interest .
  """",0
  2473,""""Subject: lasso
   
   call for papers lasso xxvii 27th annual meeting of the linguistic association of the southwest ( meeting jointly with wecol , western conference on linguistics ) october 9-11 , 1998 arizona state university tempe , arizona invited speaker : jane h . hill ( u of arizona ) presidential address : robert d . king ( u of texas - austin ) proposals for papers in any area of linguistics will be considered . for the 1998 meeting at arizona state university , submissions regarding languages of the southwest are particularly encouraged . we also especially solicit graduate student papers , which may be submitted following the meeting for consideration for the helmut esau prize , a $ 250 cash award made annually by lasso . presentation time for papers will be limited to twenty minutes plus ten minutes for discussion . the deadline for receipt of abstracts is june 15 , 1998 . notification of acceptance of papers will be sent out by august 1 , 1998 . only one abstract as single author and a second as co - author will be accepted from any individual . abstracts must be no longer than one page ( maximum of 250 words ) and should summarize the main points of the paper and explain relevant aspects of the data , methodology , and argumentation employed . keep use of special font items ( e . g . phonetic symbols , diacritic marks , branching diagrams , logical notation ) to a bare minimum . abstracts of accepted papers will be published exactly as received in a booklet for distribution at the meeting . at the beginning of your abstract place the paper title , and at the end of an e-mailed abstract ( or on a separate page of a mailed abstract ) repeat the title along with your name , affiliation , mailing address , telephone number , and e-mail address . it is strongly preferred that abstracts be submitted by e-mail . send to : gajill @ unix1 . sncc . lsu . edu in the absence of e-mail , or if your abstract contains any special symbols , send one hard copy of the abstract with a diskette ( labeled for operating system and word processing program ) to : jill brody department of geography & anthropology louisiana state university baton rouge , la 70803-4105 usa tel . 504-388 - 6171 lasso presenters are encouraged to submit their polished papers to be considered for publication in the _ southwest journal of linguistics _ . presentation of papers at the lasso annual meetings is a privilege of membership in lasso ; 1998 dues must be paid by june 15 in order for your abstract to be considered . annual dues for individuals are us $ 15 . 00 ( us $ 7 . 50 for students , retired persons , and those not employed ) . to pay dues or for additional information , contact : garland d . bills , executive director , lasso department of linguistics university of new mexico albuquerque , nm 87131-1196 usa tel . : 505-277 - 7416 fax : 505-277 - 6355 e - mail : gbills @ unm . edu
  """",0
  2474,""""Subject: mt special issue on slt : reminder
   
   reminder - - deadline is july 1 1998 call for submissions machine translation special issue on spoken language translation guest editor : steven krauwer ( utrecht university ) guest editorial board : doug arnold ( university of essex ) pascale fung ( hkust , hong kong ) walter kasper ( dfki , saarbrucken ) alon lavie ( cmu , pittsburgh ) lori levin ( cmu , pittsburgh ) hermann ney ( rwth , aachen ) harold somers ( umist , manchester ) some 15 years ago , when machine translation had become fashionable again in europe , few people would be prepared to consider seriously embarking upon spoken language translation research . after all , where both machine translation of written text , and speech understanding and production ( despite important achievements ) were still quite far from showing robustness in domain-independent applications , it seemed clear that putting three not even halfway understood technologies together would be premature , and bound to fail . since then , the world has changed . many researchers , both in academia and in industry , have taken up the challenge to build systems capable of translating spoken language . does that mean that most of the problems involved in speech-to - text , text-to - text translation , and text-to - speech have been solved ? the answer is no : although we have made a tremendous progress , both from a scientific and from a technological point of view , many of the fundamental problems in mt and in speech understanding remain unsolved . yet a certain degree of optimism is justified here . first of all , it is clear that on the whole general expectations of what mt will do are changing . where in the past the ultimate goal of mt seemed to be to provide a perfect , but cheaper and faster alternative to the human translator , there is now a clear shift from the ideal of fully automated high quality translation of unrestricted texts to the more practical problem of overcoming the language barriers we encounter in various situations . this shift of focus allows us to partition the problem we address into a series of smaller ones , the solution to which may be within our reach . this applies both to spoken and written language translation . if we look at spoken communication between human beings with different native languages , very often the main success criterion for this communication is not whether or not the individual utterances produced by the participants have been expressed or understood without errors ( which will rarely be the case ) , but rather whether the intended goal of the communication has been attained ( hotel room reservation , airline information , etc ) . this observation is extremely important when we try to set our goals for spoken translation systems . once we have realized that communication takes place in a specific context , with a specific goal , and have accepted that sentence-by - sentence linguistically correct translation is not a necessary condition for successful multilingual communication , we can start exploiting the full potential of spoken dialogues in human-human and human-machine interaction : the basic structure of dialogues , the ways to control dialogue flow , the possibility for repair . a workshop dedicated to spoken language translation , organized in conjunction with eacl / acl 1997 in madrid , showed that there was a keen interest in the topic , and that many acedemic and industrial research teams have interesting results to report . therefore we feel that the time has come to dedicate a special issue of the journal machine translation to this topic , and we are inviting high-quality , previously unpublished research papers addressing problems in the whole field of spoken language translation . ( note : authors who had papers accepted for the madrid workshop are especially encouraged to submit papers which have developed out of their workshop contributions , though they should note that we do not intend simply to reprint the workshop papers in their original form . ) we are especially interested in papers addressing problems or solutions that are typical for spoken language translation ( as opposed to written language translation ) . format for submission : please consult the journal 's web pages : home page : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / journalhome . htm / 0922-6567 instructions for authors : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / kaphtml . htm / ifa0922-6567 latex style files : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / jrnlstyle . htm / 0922-6567 articles should be submitted directly to the publishers , either by e-mail to ellen . klink @ wkap . nl , with the subject header """""""" submission to coat speech special issue """""""" , or in hard-copy to either of the following addresses : machine translation editorial office , machine translation editorial office kluwer academic publishers kluwer academic publishers p . o . box 990 , p . o . box 230 3300 az dordrecht , accord , ma 02018-023 the netherlands u . s . a . the journal is typeset using latex , so the preferred medium for submission of articles in electronic format is latex source ( using the kluwer style file ) or gzipped postscript . if submitting hard-copy , four copies of the paper are required . the length of the papers should be approximately 10-20 pages if using the kluwer style file ( around 20k words ) . authors are requested to send a copy of an abstract of not more than 200 words to the guest editor steven . krauwer @ let . ruu . nl or in hard-copy to steven krauwer , utrecht institute of linguistics ots , trans 10 , 3512 jk utrecht , the netherlands submission deadline : submissions and abstracts should be received by july 1 1998 . papers will be reviewed by at least three members of the editorial board . we are aiming for publication as issue 3 or 4 of volume 13 ( autumn or winter , 1998 ) .
  """",0
  2475,""""Subject: korean linguistics - - ickl conference
   
   1998 meeting of the international circle of korean linguists ( ickl ) july 6 - 9 , 1998 university of hawaii at manoa , center for korean studies > > > > > > > > > > > > program draft : revised 5 / 21 / 98 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < > > july 6 , 1998 ; monday 7 : 30 to 8 : 30 registration 8 : 30 to 9 : 30 opening ceremony - - auditorium 9 : 30 to 9 : 45 break 9 : 45 to 11 : 45 special vi : issues in historical linguistics - - auditorium speaker : dr . samuel martin reviewer : dr . alexander vovin 11 : 45 to 1 : 00 lunch 1 : 00 to 3 : 00 special vi : issues in historical linguistics # 1 - - auditorium monophthongization and vowel shifts in korean , eung - jin baek language change and lexical stratification , young - mee yu cho different layers of lexical borrowing : sino - korean characters with multiple readings , ik - sang eom the korea - japonic word for pheasant and special semantic marking of natural-world nouns , leon serafim general : sociolinguistics # 1 - - conference room topic marking of korean in an experimental paradigm of attention , jong - bai hwang focus marking , alternatives triggering and negative meaning of nun in korean , juliet wai - hong du and hansang park a study of developing topic-prominence by english learners of korean , euen hyuk ( sarah ) jung korean language interference in the acquisition of english discourse markers , hikyoung lee general : syntax # 1 - - classroom korean type iv nominalizations : syntactic versus morphological phrasal affixations , lizanne kaiser default case and ecm constructions , seung - man kang on modality in korean , nam - kil kim predicate and nominal phrase gerunds in korean , jun ho cho 3 : 00 to 3 : 15 break 3 : 15 to 5 : 15 special vi : issues in historical linguistics # 2 - - auditorium a common korean and japanese noun particle : korean ulo : : japanese to , bjarke frellesvig hyangchal : a modern view of an ancient script , marc hideo miyake a new look at paekche and korean , john bentley a comparative note on special particles : old japanese namu and korean lang / nun , alan hyun - oak kim general : sociolinguistics # 2 - - conference room strategies in korean presidential candidates live tv debates , kyung - sook song korean address terms : resolving a conflict in rank and age , haejin e . koh gendered practice in topic organization and face management , kyu - hyun kim and kyung - hee suh negation in korean : a matter of volition , virginia k . mcclanahan general : syntax # 2 - - classroom local obviation as a relative phenomenon , gunsoo lee feature movement and korean raising constructions , sunwoo lee clausal adjuncts occurring higher than negp , gwangrak son on korean right node raising and english right node raising , sungshim hong > > july 7 , 1998 , tuesday 8 : 30 to 10 : 30 special iii : complex predicates - - auditorium speaker : dr . peter sells reviewer : dr . ho - min sohn special v : reduplication - - conference room speaker : dr . chin - w . kim reviewer : dr . young - mee yu cho 10 : 30 to 10 : 45 break 10 : 45 to 12 : 15 special iii : complex predicates # 1 - - auditorium varying levels of complex predicatehood in korean , miho choo semantic restrictions of complex predicates : focusing on the multi-verb constructions with the suffix e , woo - hyoung nahm types of nouns in the light verb constructions in korean : concerning the formation of complex predicates , miok park special iii : reduplication # 1 - - conference room the emergence of the unmarkedness in korean loanword phonology , hyeonkwan cho fixed segmentism in korean partial reduplication : three instances of the emergence of the unmarked , chin wan chung case alternation in korean focalization ( in minimalism ) , eunsung do general : syntax # 3 - - classroom the multiple subject constructions and the expletive constructions in minimalist syntax , gui - sun moon the non - qr approach to the scope interpretation in negation , jinhee suh korean denominal verbs , in - seok yang 12 : 15 to 1 : 30 lunch 1 : 30 to 3 : 00 special iii : complex predicates # 2 - - auditorium korean causatives in a hierarchial lexicon : an hpsg approach , hanjung lee korean causatives and a double tier theory of argument structure , nakamura wataru a conceptual semantic analysis of the so-called auxiliary verb construction in korean , younghwan suh special v : reduplication # 2 - - conference room grassmans law in korean reduplication , se - kyung kim what looks like a cv must be a cv : evidence for paffx from korean partial reduplication , soohee kim an ot approach to korean partial reduplication , hansang park general : syntax # 4 - - classroom vp analysis of ha causative constructions in korean , il - ho lee and myoung - hi chai case - marking properties of verbal nouns and ha in korean , namgeun lee and saeyoun cho a study on the korean passive constructions in comparison with their english counterparts , young - ok lee 3 : 00 to 3 : 15 break 3 : 15 to 5 : 15 general : phonology # 1 - - auditorium phonological phrasing of sov sentences in korean : an optimality - based account of a quantitative sample survey , david james silva domain - initial articulatory strengthening in the prosodic hierarchy in korean : an epg study , taehong cho phonetic versus phonological rules in korean , michael j . kim patterns of nasalization in korean , soo - jung kim general : sociolinguistics # 3 - - conference room the clause connective nuntey : what else is new ? , joe j . ree causation patterns in korean : a functional approach , seok - hoon you it just happened that way : the grammaticalization of accidentality in a / e pelita and ko malta as markers of completive aspect and affective stance , susan strauss a discourse analysis of the korean connective ketun , yong - yae park general : syntax # 5 - - classroom contiguity as a constraint on possessor-ascension in korean , jaehoon yeon a minimalist account of categorical prototypicality : based on korean syntactic nominalizations , yeun - jin jung what x - bar theory tells us about vp - shell analysis , joung - ran kim the negative polarity item licensing , doo - won lee 5 : 15 to 5 : 30 break 5 : 30 dinner reception > > july 8 , 1998 ; wednesday 8 : 30 to 10 : 30 special i : case markers - - auditorium speaker : dr . william o'grady reviewer : dr . james h . s . yoon special iv : syllable - - conference room speaker : dr . robert ramsey reviewer : dr . eung - do cook 10 : 30 to 10 : 45 break 10 : 45 to 12 : 15 special i : case markers # 1 - - auditorium comps and case realizations , yongkil jeong the path marker ulo in korean , keedong lee a polysemy network of the korean instrumental case , jeong - woon park special iv : syllable - - conference room on the status of on-glides in korean within optimality theory : evidence from child korean , meesook kim and sun - hoi kim two - root theory of korean geminate consonants , eun - suk ko the syllable structure of consonant clusters in korean , duck - young lee general : sociolinguistics # 4 - - classroom korean romanization in computer-mediated communication , esther hyunzee kim english loan words in korean , jeewon hahn corpus - based analysis of english newspapers published in korea , kyutae jung 12 : 15 to 1 : 30 lunch 1 : 30 to 3 : 00 special i : case markers # 2 - - auditorium an optimality-theoretic account of korean nominal inflection , sungdai cho the korean topic marker and activation , kyung - shim kang a pragmatic study of particle ( i ) na in korean , chang - bong lee general : phonology # 2 - - conference room the correlation between onset types and tone in chonnam korean , mi - ryoung kim and san duanmu tone and intonation in hamkyung korean : a bottom-up approach , sung - a kim korean labial laterality and articulation theory , kyoung - ja lee and e . wyn roberts general : syntax # 6 - - classroom a reanalysis of dependent nouns in korean as grammatical nouns , mi - jeung jo on what how behaves like and why , daeho chung minimalist interpretation of the visibility condition , kiyong choi 3 : 00 to 3 : 15 break 3 : 15 to 5 : 15 general : sociolinguistics # 5 - - auditorium the intersection of diachronic syntax and current morphology : an analysis of ey and eyse in korean , sung - ock sohn and susan strauss two types of noncausative psych-verbs in korean and argument / adjunct case particles , sang - geun lee the grammaticalization of particles in korean , sung - ock sohn a study on the semantic change in korean , seung myong lee general : phonology # 3 - - conference room restriction on consonant clusters , jongho jun the merger of back vowels in north korean dialects , soon - kyong kahng is vowel length distinctive in modern korean ? an acoustic analysis , hyunsoon kim and jeong - im han an alternative view on so-called suffixal harmony in korean , eunjin oh general : syntax # 7 - - classroom [ ends at 4 : 45 ] word order preferences for direct and indirect objects in children learning korean , sookeun cho et al . constituent order in korean : antisymmetry and mirror theory , kook - hee gill et al . case alternations in korean coordination , saeyoun cho 5 : 15 break 5 : 30 to 6 : 00 ickl general meeting - - auditorium july 9 , 1998 ; thursday 8 : 30 to 10 : 30 special ii : relative clauses - - auditorium speaker : dr . john whitman reviewer : dr . byung - soo park 10 : 30 to 10 : 45 break 10 : 45 to 12 : 45 special ii : relative clauses - - auditorium against gapless relative clause constructions , jong - bok kim relative clause or noun complement clause : the diagnoses , jong - yul cha the structure of noun-complementation in korean : a vew typology , hyo sang lee demonstratives and relative clauses in korean , hyeson park general : phonology # 4 - - conference room the contextual phonetic palatalization of the korean affricate / c / in comparison with the russian consonants , hyunsoon kim optimality - theoretic approach to tensification in korean , sechang lee synchronic umlaut and palatalization in korean , minsu shim cerebral lateralization and korean , japanese , and chinese orthographies : the critical factors for lateralization in reognizing the orthographies , kiseong park general : sociolinguistics # 6 - - classroom some notes on binding relations in korean , kyoun - kook kim grammaticalization of korean agent-oriented modality , sangsuk oh yo1 / yo2 selceng-oy sahoy-enehak - ceck pwunsek , heesook kim does center-embedding lead to garden-path ? , sungku suh
  """",0
  2476,""""Subject: conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages
   
   third international conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands november 26 - november 27 , 1998 programme the conference will consist of three sections . the first section addresses the sociological and social-psychological explanatory context in which language shift processes take place . the second section deals with language attrition from a psycholinguistic perspective , and the third is fully devoted to the building of an integrated explanatory framework for processes of language shift and loss . in memory of willem fase , one of the initiators of the first and second conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages , who died in 1997 , a new forum called the willem fase lecture has been set up . this plenary lecture forum will be granted to a promising scholar , to be selected from the abstracts submitted . thursday , november 26 , 1998 08 . 30-09 . 30 registration at koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands tea / coffee 09 . 30-10 . 00 conference opening section i : language shift from a sociological and social-psychological perspective 10 . 00-11 . 00 plenary session : lesley milroy 11 . 00-12 . 00 plenary session : richard bourhis 12 . 00-13 . 00 lunch 13 . 00-13 . 45 parallel sessions of free papers 13 . 45-14 . 30 parallel sessions 14 . 30-15 . 15 parallel sessions 15 . 15-16 . 00 tea / coffee section ii : language loss from a psycholinguistic perspective 16 . 00-17 . 00 plenary session : kees de bot 17 . 00-17 . 45 parallel sessions 17 . 45-18 . 30 parallel sessions 19 . 00-20 . 30 dinner friday , november 27 , 1998 section ii continued : language loss from a psycholinguistic perspective 08 . 30-09 . 30 plenary session : joel walters 09 . 30-10 . 15 parallel sessions 10 . 15-10 . 45 tea / coffee 10 . 45-11 . 30 plenary session : willem fase lecture 11 . 30-12 . 30 concluding remarks on section i and ii by joshua fishman 12 . 30-13 . 30 lunch section iii : towards an integrated explanatory framework for processes of language shift and loss 13 . 30-15 . 30 preparatory workshops 15 . 30-16 . 00 tea / coffee 16 . 00-17 . 30 round table chaired by michael clyne general information conference secretariat tilburg university research group on language and minorities c / o heleen strating - keurentjes p . o . box 90153 nl-5000 le tilburg the netherlands tel : + 31 13 4662588 fax : + 31 13 4663110 e - mail : language . loss . 98 @ kub . nl organizing committee - dr . ton ammerlaan , arnhem school of business - madeleine hulsen , university of nijmegen - dr . jetske klatter - folmer , institute for the deaf / tilburg university - heleen strating - keurentjes , tilburg university - piet van avermaet , university of leuven - dr . kutlay yagmur , tilburg university scientific committee - prof . kees de bot , university of nijmegen - prof . michael clyne , monash university , melbourne - prof . joshua fishman , stanford university , california / yeshiva university , new york - prof . koen jaspaert , university of leuven - dr . sjaak kroon , tilburg university location the conference will be held at koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands . this modern conference center is situated in forested areas , only fifteen minutes from the city of eindhoven and eindhoven airport . all rooms have a shower , toilet , television and telephone . koningshof offers a wide range of indoor and outdoor sports and leisure facilities , including a swimming pool , sauna , fitness club and squash court . registration and fees for registration , all participants ( including authors of submitted abstracts of papers ) are requested to mail the attached registration form before august 1 , 1998 . the registration fees are : dfl 410 conference programme and full board , before july 1 , 1998 . dfl 460 conference programme and full board , after july 1 , 1998 . dfl 235 conference programme , before july 1 , 1998 . dfl 285 conference programme , after july 1 , 1998 . please add an additional dfl 10 to cover international transfer charges if subscribing from abroad . the fee for the programme covers the conference fee , lunches on thursday and friday , tea / coffee during breaks , and the foreseen conference publication . the fee for full board additionally covers a single-room accommodation for one night including breakfast at koningshof conference center on thursday / friday as well as dinner on thursday . you will receive confirmation of registration , and the final programme at the end of august , 1998 . those who arrive earlier or wish to stay longer must take care of further accommodations themselves . they can contact the conference secretariat . payment of fees all payments should reach us either before july 1 , 1998 or ultimately by august 1 , 1998 ( see registration and fees ) . fees should be paid in dutch guilders to : kub / flw , account number 2386602 , mentioning ' code 1 . 8210 . w334 ' . cancellations the conference secretariat should be notified of cancellations in writing . if cancellations are received before august 1 , 1998 all fees , minus a cancellation charge of 25 % will be refunded . if cancelled after august 1 , but before september 1 , 1998 the cancellation charge will be 50 % . no refunds will be made for cancellations received later than september 1 , 1998 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ registration form third international conference on maintenance and loss of minority languages , koningshof conference center , veldhoven , the netherlands , november 26 - november 27 , 1998 . please fill out completely and return to the conference secretariat before july 1 , or ultimately before august 1 , 1998 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ o male / o female name , initials : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . first name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . institution : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mailing address : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tel . / fax : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e - mail : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please register me for : o conference programme and full board , before july 1 , 1998 . dfl 410 o conference programme and full board , after july 1 , 1998 . dfl 460 o conference programme , before july 1 , 1998 . dfl 235 o conference programme , after july 1 , 1998 . dfl 285 i hereby confirm that the fees have been remitted to the kub / flw account ( see payment of fees ) . special requests or requirements : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . place / date : signature : piet van avermaet centre for language and migration department of linguistics katholieke universiteit leuven blijde inkomststraat 7 , 3000 leuven tel : 32 + 16 + 325365 fax : 32 + 16 + 325360 e-mail : piet . vanavermaet @ arts . kuleuven . ac . be
  """",0
  2477,""""Subject: csdl - 4
   
   preliminary schedule the fourth conference on conceptual structure , discourse , and language ( csdl - 4 ) october 10-12 , 1998 emory university , atlanta , georgia , usa general information : all talks will be held in the geosciences / anthropology building on the emory university campus . please note there will be a discount for early registration ( before june 10 ) . we also strongly encourage you to book your hotel reservations before that time , as a limited block of rooms has been reserved at the emory inn near the campus . detailed information about preregistration , transportation , and accomodations can be found at the conference web site : http : / / www . emory . edu / college / linguistics / csdl / preliminary schedule friday , october 9 7 : 30 pm : pre - conference symposium on primate communication . harold gouzoules , dario maestripieri , and susan savage-rumbaugh will discuss their research at the yerkes regional primate reseach center on vocal and gestural communication engaged in by our nearest primate relatives . saturday , october 10 9 : 00 ron langacker ( uc san diego ) , """""""" what wh means """""""" 9 : 25 liang tao ( ohio u ) , """""""" switch reference and zero anaphora : emergent reference in discourse processing """""""" 9 : 50 mira ariel ( tel aviv u ) , """""""" the cognitive basis of resumptive pronouns """""""" 10 : 15 michael israel ( uc san diego ) , """""""" argument structure and scalar argumentation """""""" 10 : 40 break 11 : 00 david danaher ( u of denver ) , """""""" metonymy in cognition , literature , and phenomenology : a case study """""""" 11 : 25 phyllis wilcox ( u of new mexico ) , """""""" two dogs and a metaphorical chain : an intertropic cognitive phenomenon """""""" 11 : 50 carol lynn moder ( oklahoma state u ) , """""""" metaphors in context : linguistic form and conceptual mapping """""""" 12 : 15 anna papafragou ( univ . college london ) , """""""" metaphor and cognition : evidence from english and modern greek """""""" 12 : 40 poster session and buffet lunch the following posters will be on display and presenters will be available for discussion ; a buffet lunch will be available in the same room . tamer amin ( clark u ) , """""""" the syntax and semantics of heat and temperature : a cognitive linguistics approach to the layperson 's understanding of scientific terms . john barnden ( u of birmingham ) , """""""" conceptual blending and an implemented system for metaphor - based reasoning """""""" benjamin bergen ( uc berkeley ) , """""""" the experiential foundations of metaphors for society : metaphorical analogy and the personification of society """""""" roberta corrigan ( u of wisconsin - milwaukee ) , """""""" semantic factors influencing the attribution of causality in interpersonal events """""""" lourdes de leon and john haviland ( ciesas & reed college ) , """""""" the emergence of the participant : gesture , verbs , and interaction in early tzotzil 's peech ' """""""" galina dobrova ( state pedagogical u . of russia ) , """""""" what is more important in the study of language acquisition : form or function ? ( children 's references to self in perception and production ) """""""" michele emanatian ( five colleges , amherst ) , """""""" metaphor clustering in discourse """""""" sharon hutchins ( emory u ) , """""""" phonesthemes as classifiers within the english root : revisiting manner and path in english and spanish """""""" scott liddell ( gallaudet u ) , """""""" reification in spatial blends """""""" mei - chun liu ( national chiao tung u ) and chu - ren huang ( academia sinica ) , """""""" from nonimals to temporal targets : a lexical invitation for conceptual transfer and discourse participation """""""" paul maglio ( ibm ) and teenie matlock ( uc santa cruz ) , """""""" emergent structure in information space """""""" todd oakley ( case western reserve u ) , """""""" syntactic error as conceptual disintegration """""""" misumi sadler ( u of arizona ) , """""""" grammaticization of the direct object marker ' o ' in japanese : a discourse-based study """""""" kiyoko takahashi ( chulalongkorn u ) , """""""" functions and forms of access path expressions in thai """""""" sarah taub ( gallaudet u ) , """""""" multiple metaphors in single asl signs """""""" longxing wei ( montclair state u ) , """""""" complex lexical structure and interlanguage development """""""" section on discourse and computer mediated communication ( cmc ) : victor balaban ( emory u ) , """""""" self and agency in face - to - face and on - line discourse """""""" sage graham ( georgetown u ) , """""""" ' hello , welcome to my world ! ' : the emergence of conversational style in personal homepages """""""" alexandra jaffe ( u of southern mississippi ) , """""""" virtual greeting cards """""""" diane schallert , ronald benton , melissa dodson , nicole amador , maria lissi , joylynn reed , and fan - ni liu ( u of texas , austin ) , """""""" individual cognition and social construction of discourse in cmc classroom discussions """""""" 2 : 15 theme session - - grammatical constructions : form and function joan bybee ( u of new mexico ) , """""""" constructions as processing units """""""" brian macwhinney ( carnegie mellon u ) , """""""" embodiment , perspective , and argument structure """""""" t . givon ( u of oregon ) , """""""" the grammar of perspective in fiction """""""" 4 : 15 break 4 : 30 regina pustet ( u of munich ) , """""""" copula and time - stability """""""" 4 : 55 patrick juola ( u of oxford ) , """""""" text distortion as a measure of communicative function and complexity """""""" 5 : 20 steven fincke ( uc santa barbara ) , """""""" three levels of core - oblique distinction in bikol """""""" 5 : 45 kristine jensen de lopez ( aarhus u ) , """""""" learning to organize space by use of body part terms , prepositions , and verbs of motion and disposition """""""" 6 : 10 asli ozyurek ( max planck inst . ) , """""""" differences in speech and gesture organization in turkish and english spatial discourse """""""" sunday , october 11 9 : 00 dieter hillert ( uc san diego ) , """""""" access to idiomatic and literal meanings during real - time sentence processing """""""" 9 : 25 michael barlow and suzanne kemmer ( rice u ) , """""""" idioms and blending """""""" 9 : 50 roderick jacobs ( u of hawai ' i ) , """""""" discourse cueing and the idealized reader """""""" 10 : 15 miguel oliveira ( simon fraser u ) , """""""" the function of self - aggrandizement in storytelling """""""" 10 : 40 break 11 : 00 soteria svorou ( san jose state u ) , """""""" regions in language """""""" 11 : 25 barbara malt ( lehigh u ) , steven sloman and silvia gennari ( brown u ) , meiyi shi and yuan wang ( lehigh u ) , """""""" similarity and the linguistic categorization of common objects """""""" 11 : 50 sherman wilcox ( u of new mexico ) , """""""" cognitive iconicity and signed language universals """""""" 12 : 15 michael smith ( oakland u ) , """""""" some aspects of path - like iconicity in german separable verb constructions """""""" 12 : 40 lunch 2 : 00 theme session - - functional and cognitive approaches to the study of first language acquisition eve clark ( stanford u ) , """""""" the uptake of words and semantic relations """""""" nancy budwig ( clark u ) , """""""" perspective , deixis , and the development of voice """""""" michael tomasello ( max planck inst . & emory u ) : """""""" acquiring and constraining verb - argument constructions """""""" 4 : 00 break 4 : 15 satoshi uehara ( tohoku u ) , """""""" subjective predicates in japanese : a cognitive approach """""""" 4 : 40 michel achard ( rice u ) , """""""" conceptual raising """""""" 5 : 05 sally rice ( u of alberta ) and hubert cuyckens ( u of hamburg & antwerp ) , """""""" does ontogeny recapitulate phylogeny in the emergence of infinitival ' to ' ? a developmental and diachronic case study """""""" 5 : 30 break 5 : 45 christopher johnson ( uc berkeley ) , """""""" constructional grounding : on the relation between deictic and existential there - constructions in acquisition """""""" 6 : 10 benjamin bergen and madelaine plauche ( uc berkeley ) , """""""" voila voila : metaphorical extensions of deictic constructions in french """""""" 6 : 35 kevin moore ( uc berkeley ) , """""""" deixis and the ' front / back ' component of temporal metaphors """""""" 7 : 00 conference dinner party monday , october 12 9 : 00 shannon mcewen and sally rice ( u of alberta ) , """""""" ' they all went to go play ' : serial verb constructions in children 's narratives """""""" 9 : 25 ivo sanchez ( uc santa barbara ) , """""""" prosodic integration in spanish complement clauses """""""" 9 : 50 tom skold and maria wiktorsson ( lund u ) , """""""" compositional and non - compositional aspects of written and spoken texts """""""" 10 : 15 barbara luka ( u of chicago ) and lawrence barsalou ( emory u ) , """""""" syntactic accomodations in discourse and the implicit memory for syntactic structures """""""" 10 : 40 break 11 : 00 ferdinand de haan ( u of new mexico ) , """""""" on the grammaticalization of visual evidentiality """""""" 11 : 25 susan duncan ( u of chicago ) , """""""" evidence from gesture for a conceptual nexus of action and entity """""""" 11 : 50 lunch 1 : 10 theme session - - conceptual blending and metaphor eve sweetser ( uc berkeley ) , """""""" performativity and blended spaces """""""" gilles fauconnier ( uc san diego ) , """""""" the great chain of blending """""""" george lakoff ( uc berkeley ) , title tba 3 : 10 ( conference ends )
  """",0
  2478,""""Subject: program & info : workshop on comparative slavic morphosyntax
   
   workshop on comparative slavic morphosyntax program and practical information mccormick 's creek state park spenser , indiana 5 - 7 june 1998 indiana university and the u . s . dept . of education are pleased to sponsor this workshop . earlier this winter and spring five """""""" position papers """""""" were published at our www site < http : / / www . indiana . edu / ~ slavconf / linguistics / index . html > the position papers aimed to summarize the state of knowledge on five crucial topics within the general rubric of comparative slavic morphosyntax , and responses were solicited addressing these papers . the workshop brings together the authors of the position papers and the respondants in an intimate , retreat-like setting . non - respondants are welcome to attend ; see below for details . the position papers and responses will be published by slavica publishers . friday , 5 june 1998 session 1 : wh - phrases and wh - movement in slavic 1 : 00 pm zeljko boskovic , u . of connecticut ( position paper ) 1 : 30 discussion responses : 1 : 45 norvin richards , u . of massachusetts focusing on serbo - croatian and not on bulgarian 2 : 10 jeong - seok kim , university of connecticut superiority effects in multiple wh - fronting 2 : 35 michael yadroff , indiana university wh - movement and superiority in russian 2 : 50 sandra stjepanovic , university of connecticut movement of wh - phrases in serbo - croatian matrix clauses 3 : 15 general discussion 3 : 45 arthur stepanov , university of connecticut scope - marking interrogatives in slavic 4 : 10 sue brown , harvard university attract - all and its relevance for negative concord 4 : 35 piotr banski , indiana university and warsaw university wh - movement in polish 5 : 00 loren billings , carnegie - mellon university catherine rudin , wayne state college animacy and focus in bulgarian wh - questions 5 : 25 general discussion 6 : 15 picnic dinner ( see below ) saturday , 6 june 1998 : session 2 : agreement in slavic 8 : 30 am greville g . corbett , u . of sussex ( position paper ) 9 : 00 discussion responses : 9 : 15 wayles browne , cornell university agreement with infinitive subjects in slavic 9 : 40 jens norgard - sorensen , university of copenhagen animacy as an agreement category 10 : 05 stephen wechsler , university of texas larisa zlatic , university of texas sentential and discourse agreement in serbo - croatian 10 : 30 natasha borovikova , depauw university and indiana university first - conjunct agreement with unaccusative verbs in russian 10 : 55 kim gareiss , university of chicago linguistic ideology and the loss of slavic agreement : the case of the macedonian relativizer 11 : 20 discussion 12 : 00 lunch session 3 : voice and diathesis in slavic 1 : 15 leonard h . babby , princeton university 1 : 45 discussion responses : 2 : 00 james lavine , princeton university stephanie harves , princeton university loren billings , carnegie mellon university syntax and diathesis : a response to l . h . babby 's """""""" voice and diathesis in slavic """""""" 2 : 25 george fowler , indiana university - sja , - en , and the vagaries of diathesis : why should aspect have anything to do with it anyway ? 2 : 40 marina yu . chertkova , lomonosov moscow university the passive voice , and by - aspectual verbs 3 : 05 milena slavcheva , bulgarian academy of sciences some reflections on voice and diathesis 3 : 20 general discussion session 4 : the slavic noun phrase 4 : 00 gilbert c . rappaport , university of texas , austin 4 : 30 discussion responses : 4 : 45 larisa zlatic , university of texas slavic noun phrases are nps , not dps 5 : 10 michael yadroff , indiana university the structure of np in slavic and ug 5 : 25 miriam engelhardt , jerusalem helen trugman , cteh , holon double genitive constructions in russian 5 : 50 george fowler , indiana university what 's at the top of np : kp , pp , and the nature of transitional categories 6 : 05 sandra stjepanovic , university of connecticut extraction of adjuncts out of nps 6 : 20 general discussion sunday 7 june 1998 session 5 : clitics in slavic 8 : 30 steven franks , indiana university 9 : 00 discussion responses : 9 : 15 ljiljana progovac , wayne state university clitic - second and verb - second 9 : 40 olga tomic , university of novi sad against clitic lowering 10 : 05 peter kosta , universitaet potsdam on the syntax of negation and clitics in slavic 10 : 30 iva schick , universitaet potsdam clitic doubling constructions in balkan - slavic languages 11 : 05 geraldine legendre , johns hopkins university generalized optimality - theoretic alignment : the case of macedonian clitics 11 : 30 general discussion 12 : 00 karel oliva , university of saarland just czech clitics data , or a closer look at the """""""" position paper : clitics in slavic """""""" ( 10 ) 12 : 15 matthew richardson , yale university czech clitics as phrasal inflection 12 : 40 piotr banski , indiana university and warsaw university verbal clitics in polish 1 : 05 general discussion location the workshop will be held at mccormick 's creek state park , near spenser , indiana , about 15 miles west of bloomington , indiana ( home of indiana university ) along highway 46 . practical arrangements there is no registration fee for the workshop , but we ask that you inform us in advance if you plan to attend , so that we can make appropriate arrangements for the included meals ( see below ) . we will have a single large room , with classroom-style seating ( tables facing the front ) . we will have an overhead projector , so speakers may prepare transparencies if they like , as well as an easel with poster-sized paper to write on if you prefer . we recommend that you bring 40 handouts with you if possible . limited xeroxing facilities are available for 10 cents / copy at the site , but it is better not to count on this . air : you should fly in and out of indianapolis . we will provide free airport transportation if you communicate your arrival and departure information in advance . as an emergency backup ( in case of serious flight delays or if your ride 's car should break down and strand you at the airport ) , there is reasonably priced shuttle service to bloomington from the ground transportation center at the airport . we do n't expect this to be an issue , but just in case , the shuttle schedule is given below . if you are not met as expected call the slavica publishers office at 1-812 - 856-4186 to communicate your problem . driving : if you arrive by car from the north or east , exit i-465 ( the circle road around indianapolis ) onto highway 67 at the sw corner of the city , and head south about 45 miles ; turn south ( left ) only highway 231 about 10 miles north of spenser , and at the first stoplight in spenser ( one of only three ! ) turn left ( east ) onto highway 46 . go two miles , then turn left into the park at a well-marked entrance . at the gate , state that your are arriving for the slavic workshop , and they will admit you without the $ 2 admission charge ) . the canyon inn is about 1 km into the park along the main road , and it is well marked . if you arrive from the south , take i-65 to highway 46 at columbus , indiana . exit west ( left ) and travel 50-60 miles through bloomington to the park , which will be on the right just before spenser . > from the west , take i-70 towards indianapolis , and exit onto highway 231 . travel about 30 miles south to spenser , then follow the directions above . > from bloomington , spenser is 15 miles to the west along highway 46 ( drive west on 17th st , which becomes 46 as it leaves bloomington ) . email me if you require additional transportation information ! accommodations the workshop will be held at the canyon inn on the territory of mccormick 's creek state park . two types of rooms are available : 1 double bed ( $ 60 / night ) 2 single beds ( $ 60 / night as single , $ 30 / person / night as double ) the rooms are small but quite nice , all with air conditioning , private bath , color tv , and the usual furnishings . we have contracted to pay the inn directly for our block of rooms ( thus saving all taxes , since we are a tax-exempt organization ! ) , and therefore you should make reservations with us via email , fax , etc . , and plan to pay us for your room upon arrival at the workshop . we prefer checks , if possible , but will take cash happily and can take credit cards if there is no other alternative ( we will have to handle this through slavica , as if you were purchasing books instead of paying for the room ) . the canyon inn has a swimming pool , and various outdoor recreation facilities are available ( hiking through the woods , horseback riding for a fee , etc . ) , so pack accordingly if you plan to take advantage of these opportunities during the workshop ! expect hot and humid weather , with daily temperatures reaching or exceeding 30 degrees celsius . overflow rooms are available at the patriot inn , about 1 km from the park entrance . these rooms cost about $ 44 single plus $ 4 - 5 per additional person in room . they are not as nice as the canyon inn rooms , and staying away from the workshop diminishes the coziness of the workshop experience , so we will not use them unless we run out of space at the canyon inn ( and this does not appear to be a problem at the moment ) . if you have to stay there , we will provide transportation to and from the conference site . if you want to stay in bloomington for a few days before or after the workshop , we have blocked some rooms in eigenmann hall , a graduate dormitory with single rooms , on-premises cafeteria , and within walking distance of our library . rooms cost about $ 28 / day ( food is not included ) , and may be paid for by credit card , cash , or checks . you should request these rooms through me in advance of the workshop , specifying arrival and departure dates . food the conference will provide the following meals at no charge to participants ( if you are accompanied by a spouse or children , they are welcome to join us but you must pay for their food ; email me for details ) . it is very important that i have an exact count before the conference , as i must provide this information to the canyon inn , so please keep me informed of your plans friday evening : outdoor picnic dinner ( barbecue chicken and ribs , various other dishes ; vegetarians can feast on salads etc . ; indoors if it rains ) saturday morning : coffee / juice / pastries / fruit at the conference room saturday lunch : buffet with sandwiches , salads , beverages , etc . sunday morning : same as saturday morning . saturday evening and sunday lunch are not provided for . i figure many people might want to go to a restaurant in bloomington , but there is a decent restaurant in the canyon inn as well , and one pleasant-looking hilltop restaurant in spenser as well . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * george fowler [ email ] gfowler @ indiana . edu dept . of slavic languages [ dept . tel . ] 1-812 - 855-9906 / - 2608 / - 2624 ballantine 502 [ dept . fax ] 1-812 - 855-2107 indiana university [ home phone / fax ] 1-317 - 726-1482 / - 1642 bloomington , in 47405-6616 usa [ slavica phone / fax ] 1-812 - 856-4186 / - 4187 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  2479,""""Subject: journees de rochebrune 99
   
   1st call for papers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - journes de rochebrune 1999 : rencontres interdisciplinaires sur les systmes complexes naturels et artificiels appel communications thme des journes 1999 toutes indications disponibles : http : / / www . idiap . ch / ~ glotin / rb99 . html conflits des interprtations et interprtation des conflits le robert dfinit l ' interprtation comme l ' activit de donner une signification que ce soit aux signes en gnral ou aux phnomnes . la connaissance que nous avons de cette activit est relativement peu structure au contraire de l ' activit de modlisation qui est spcifique quoique dominante dans la science occidentale contemporaine . l ' interprtation peut se comprendre la fois comme un processus et comme son rsultat . elle peut donc tre difficilement spare de sa dynamique d ' laboration . c ' est pourquoi nous voulons explorer plus prcisment le rle des conflits et antagonismes dont hraclite disait qu ' ils sont les seuls moteurs d ' volution . le conflit ne doit pas forcment tre compris dans le sens de la logique classique dans laquelle il est source d ' incohrence ; ni dans le sens tymologique de forces qui se heurtent ce qui rendrait le conflit source de destruction , mais au contraire comme dynamique cratrice une fois place dans un mcanisme d ' quilibration , possiblement par interprtation du conflit lui-mme . nous souhaitons poser les questions ( non-exhaustives ) suivantes : * le vivant interprte-t - il son environnement et quel sens donner cette assertion ? entre adn et organisation cellulaire , qu ' en est-il de l ' embryogense comme hermneutique du vivant ? * quelle diffrence y a-t - il entre l ' interprtation par le vivant , l ' homme et la machine ? quels modles en avons-nous et sont-ils conflictuels ? que nous apprend l ' ordinateur comme machine universelle traiter le signe ? * quel est le rle des conflits et antagonismes dans la construction d ' interprtation ? pourquoi les viter et comment les utiliser ? * comment une interprtation individuelle est-elle possible ou qu ' en est-il de l ' interprtation collective et du rle de la multiplicit des points de vue , qu ' ils soient mthodologiques , contextuels ou de niveaux , et donc des conflits qui peuvent en rsulter ? qu ' en est-il de l ' interprtation comme rsolution des conflits et donc moteur d ' volution ? * si , comme dans la deuxime dfinition du greimas ( voir notes ) , les signes sont toujours dj signifiants , comment peuvent-ils avoir ce statut ? qu ' est-ce qui les rend signifiants ? qu ' en est-il de la pense symbolique des civilisations anciennes ou orientales et qui a t cultive chez nous jusqu ' au moyen - age ( g . durand ) ? comment cette forme d ' interprtation s ' articule-t - elle avec les signes dcontextualiss , jusqu ' tre calculables et la conception de l ' interprtation qui en dcoule ? * de quels processus de lgitimation des interprtations disposons-nous ? quelles relations l ' interprtation entretient-elle avec l ' action ou l ' argumentation que ce soit avant , par ou aprs coup ? comment l ' interprtation s ' articule-t - elle la controverse , la ngociation , l ' ajustement ? * puisque la simulation joue un rle de plus en plus grand dans l ' activit du modlisateur : comment s ' articulent la simulation et l ' interprtation ? ces questions sont au coeur de la plupart des sciences et plus particulirement la smiotique , l ' hermneutique , les sciences cognitives et neurosciences , la philosophie , la psychologie , la linguistique et psycholinguistique , l ' intelligence artificielle , l ' anthropologie et la sociologie . elles sous-tendent galement l ' activit scientifique , tant dans la modlisation que dans l ' exprimentation . elles sont insparables des activits des concepteurs - ingnieurs , informaticiens , architectes . . . - dont les productions proviennent de la rsolution de conflits d ' interprtations du monde , et sont soumises des conflits d ' interprtation . notes : selon """""""" smiotique - dictionnaire raisonn de la thorie du langage """""""" de greimas et courts , on distingue au moins deux acceptions de l ' interprtation , l ' interprtation comme attribution de significations des signes qui en sont dpourvus et l ' interprtation comme paraphrase ( au sens large ) de signes dj remplis de significations . cette deuxime acception fait cho au """""""" dictionnaire de la psychanalyse """""""" de laplanche et pontalies qui dfinit l ' interprtation comme dgagement , par l ' investigation analytique , de sens latent dans le dire et les conduites d ' un sujet ; faisant donc rfrence la fois au sens dj l et , en plus , sa modalit d ' obtention . soumission des contributions les propositions de communication , de 4 12 pages , devront parvenir en trois exemplaires ou sous forme lectronique ( word attach vivement souhait ) l ' adresse suivante : christophe parisse , inserm , laboratoire de neuropsychologie de l ' enfant , btiment pharmacie 3me tage , hpital de la salptrire , 47 bd de l ' hpital , 75651 paris cedex 13 , france e - mail : parisse @ ext . jussieu . fr dates importantes rception des manuscrits : 31 septembre 1998 notification d ' acceptation : 9 novembre 1998 remise des versions finales : 10 dcembre 1998 toutes indications disponibles : http : / / www . idiap . ch / ~ glotin / rb99 . html ffrom mailer-daemon mon may 25 13 : 59 : 16 1998 received : from linguist . ldc . upenn . edu ( linguist . ldc . upenn . edu [ 158 . 130 . 16 . 169 ] ) by linguistlist . org ( 8 . 8 . 8 / 8 . 8 . 8 ) with esmtp id naa14645 for < linguist @ linguistlist . org > ; mon , 25 may 1998 13 : 59 : 15 - 0400 ( edt ) received : from linguist . ldc . upenn . edu ( linguist . ldc . upenn . edu [ 158 . 130 . 16 . 169 ] ) by linguist . ldc . upenn . edu ( 8 . 8 . 5 / 8 . 8 . 5 ) with esmtp id naa17535 for < linguist @ linguistlist . org > ; mon , 25 may 1998 13 : 59 : 15 - 0400 ( edt ) message - id : < 199805251759 . naa17535 @ linguist . ldc . upenn . edu >
  """",0
  2480,""""Subject: table of contents
   
   the instituto universitario ortega y gasset of madrid has edited the fith issue of iuog - working papers in linguistics / cuadernos de linguistica del iuog with the following contents : cuadernos de linguistica v ( 1997-1998 ) contents : eva berkes : a minimalist approach to negative concord violeta demonte barreto : a minimal account of spanish adjective position and interpretation olga fernndez - soriano : on impersonal sentences in spanish : locative and dative subjects dionisio hernndez cmara : condiciones estructurales mnimas del movimiento explcito isabel nieto herranz : prepositional prefix co - : syntactic and semantic properties teresa mara rodrguez ramalle : bases para un estudio sintctico-semntico de la interpretacin del adverbio natalia snchez - lefebvre : stylistic movement in the dp : evidence from possessive constructions price : $ 10 ( price do not include shipping and handling charges . prices in u . s . dollars are subject to change without notice ) orders and information ( for current volumen as well as previous ones ) must be sent to the following address : cuadernos de lingstica instituto universitario ortega y gasset ( i . u . o . g . ) c / fortuny 53 28010 madrid espaa / spain ph . # : ( 34 ) - 91-310 - 44-12 fax # : ( 34 ) - 91-308 - 40-07 purchase method : transfer bank account : send the total amount of your purchase ( copies of the current number as well of the previous ones ) to the following bank account ( ccc ) : banco exterior de espaa ( bex ) c / serrano 49 28006 madrid spain 0104-0306 - 55-0304028330 please , include a copy of the receipt with your order form and send it to the aforementioned address . for orders from spain , check in spanish currency , for order out of spain , check in u . s . dollars payable to instituto universitario ortega y gasset with the total amount and include it in the order form . cash on delivery ( c . o . d . ) . in this case , the purchase amount will include shipping and handling charges .
  """",0
  2481,""""Subject: 1998 nic symposium
   
   1998 nic symposium on intercultural communication november 25-27 , 1998 g \ 246teborg , sweden hosted by the department of linguistics , g \ 246teborg university ( with support by kim and the immigrant institute in bor \ 229s ) # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # background # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # the nordic network for intercultural communication ( nic ) was founded in 1994 for the promotion of intercultural research and education in the nordic and baltic countries . the objectives of nic are to support active interaction and to support information exchange concerning higher education and research projects in the nordic countries , and in the new , baltic countries . in addition , nic supports development of research and training in intercultural communication in different locations . the present activities of nic include mainly : \ 183 to hold annual symposia or conferences on intercultural communication \ 183 to keep an address list of interested researchers and organizations \ 183 to maintain an internet based forum for discussion . the first nic symposium on intercultural communication was held in 1994 , in stavanger , norway , subsequently symposia have been held in jyv \ 228skl \ 228 , finland , november 1995 ; in aalborg , denmark , november 1996 ; and in tartu , estonia , november 1997 . the fifth nic annual conference on intercultural communication will take place in g \ 246teborg , sweden , hosted by the department of linguistics at g \ 246teborg university , sweden and supported by kim ( inderdisciplinary center for research on cultural and intercultural migration ) and the immigrant institute in bor \ 229s . # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # first call for papers # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # the 1998 nic symposium on intercultural communication committee now invites all prospective participants to send abstracts of proposed papers or full papers , research-in - progress papers , and proposals for panels or other activities pertaining to the conference . the main theme suggested for the 1998 nic symposium will be """""""" intercultural communication through multimodal media """""""" , which may include spoken intercultural communication , nonverbal intercultural communication , long distance intercultural communication ( e . g . telephone , email , internet ) , etc . the following and other suggested topics are also welcome . 1 . icc and the internet 2 . political rhetoric 3 . intercultural conflict handling 4 . spoken language and icc 5 . intercultural business communication 6 . educational aspects of icc 7 . icc and nonverbal communication 8 . icc and sign - language 9 . immigration and icc 10 . managing cultural diversity # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # submission of abstracts ( deadline : june 1 , 1998 ) # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # please prepare your abstract within 250 words . the abstract should contain the title , name ( s ) and address ( es ) of the author ( s ) , e-mail address , and fax numbers of the author to whom the acceptance / rejection notice should be sent . the abstract for each presentation should be received by june 1 , 1998 . please send your abstract to one of the following addresses . jens allwood , g \ 246teborg university , department of linguistics box 200 , se 405 30 g \ 246teborg , sweden email address : jens @ ling . gu . se fax : + 46 ( 0 ) 31 773 4853 youhua tong , g \ 246teborg university , department of linguistics box 200 , se 405 30 g \ 246teborg , sweden email address : youhua @ ling . gu . se fax : + 46 ( 0 ) 31 773 4853 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # paper presentation # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # the symposium committee will select papers for presentation and will organize the final program and inform you whether or not your paper proposal is accepted by september 1998 . if your paper proposal is accepted , you will be invited to present a paper for about twenty minutes . please note that the working language of the conference is english . # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # publication of papers # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # publication of papers will be considered according to various circumstances as well as conditions of funding at a later stadium of the conference organization . decisions concerning publication will be announced later at the web homepage for the 1998 nic symposium at the following address : http : / / www . ling . gu . se / events / icc98reg . html # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # registration ( deadline : august 31 , 1998 ) # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # payment received before august 31 , 1998 students : 300 sek nonstudents : 700 sek payment received after august 31 , 1998 students : 400 sek nonstudents : 800 sek welcome to the 1998 nic symposium on intercultural communication !
  """",0
  2482,""""Subject: sle 98 st . andrews
   
   invitation to workshop during the 31st sle conference at st . andrews , 26-30 august , 1998 workshop organizer : werner abraham , groningen ( e - mail : abraham @ let . rug . nl , fax : + 31-50 - 363 58 21 ) workshop topic : ` spoken and written languages ; their structural and typological differeences ' the workshop aims at presentations in the following subfields to the general title : parsing strategies divided between spoken and written vernaculars ; typological differences and historical changes initiated by parsing rather than logical-structu - ral triggers ( such as , as the underwritten himself will claim in a contribution to the workshop , the upper german preterite decay ) ; typological differences be - tween genetically closely related languages such as afrikaans , yiddish and dial - ectal germans ( more or less strongly svo ) vs . written german ( sov ) ; what me - diates between sov and svo other than ( charles fries ' claim ) distinctions of mor - phological case ? it will be shown in the paper referred to above that distinctions of a discourse-functional sort and their prerequsites in structural terms ( wide middle field ! ) can contribute to the upkeeping of sov despite the fact that case morphology is rather weak ( dialectal german and dutch ) . organization : ( especially younger ) colleagues interested should contact organizer at groningen with an abstract covering an adjacent topic no longer than one page ( for a 20-30 minutes presentation ) . the intention is to submit a collection of the - matically unified papers to fol as a self-contained volume . heed : to attend the conference you need to be a member of the societas linguistica europaea . please contact the local organizers , dr . christopher beedham and dr . isabel forbes , dept . of german , school of modern languages , the university , st . andrews , fife ky16 9ph , scotland / uk , cb1 @ st-and . ac . uk , fax ( 01334 ) 46 36 77 , home page : http : / / www . st-and . ac . uk / academic / modlangs / sle98 / sle98 . html mail to : werner abraham , duits - letteren - rug , oude kijk in ' t jat straat 26 , nl-9712 ek groningen
  """",0
  2483,""""Subject: aiml ' 98 : final call for papers
   
   final call for papers advances in modal logic ' 98 aiml ' 98 october 16-18 , 1998 uppsala university , uppsala , sweden advances in modal logic is an initiative aimed at presenting an up-to - date picture of the state of the art in modal logic and its many applications . the initiative consists of a workshop series together with volumes based on those workshops . advances in modal logic ' 98 is the second workshop organized as part of this initiative . aiml ' 98 will be held from october 16 - - 18 , 1998 in uppsala , sweden . the workshop is intended for users of modal logic in cognition , computing , and language , as well as for logicians working in modal logic . topics : the aiml ' 98 workshop will be organized around a number of thematic areas : * modal logics of agency and normative systems * algebraic and model-theoretic aspects of modal logic * modal approaches to grammar and natural language semantics * computational aspects of modal logic * philosophical aspects of modal logic * modal logic and belief revision . papers on related subjects will also be considered . special session : during the workshop there will be a special afternoon session on modal logic and belief revision ; this session will be chaired by sven ove hansson and sten lindstrom . invited speakers : invited speakers include j . van benthem , k . fine , d . m . gabbay , j . horty , m . kracht , and r . parikh . paper submission : authors are invited to submit a detailed abstract of a full paper of at most 10 pages by e-mail to heinrich wansing at wansing @ rz . uni-leipzig . de , using ` aiml98 submission ' as the subject line . the cover page should include title , authors , and the coordinates of the corresponding author . following this it should be indicated which of the thematic areas best describes the content of the paper ( if none is appropriate , please give a set of keywords that best describe the topic of the paper ) . to be considered , submissions must be received no later than june 1 , 1998 . the preliminary version of the full paper to be included in a planned volume from the workshop should be available at the workshop ; the volume will be submitted to csli publications . authors will be notified of the acceptance of their paper by december 1 , 1998 . sponsors : the aiml ' 98 workshop is generously sponsored by neurotec hochtechnologie gmbh , the computational logic group at illc , university of amsterdam , compulog net network for computational logic , the swedish royal academy of science , and the university of uppsala . important dates : submission deadline : june 1 , 1998 notification : august 1 , 1998 workshop : october 16-18 , 1998 preliminary version for workshop volume due at the workshop notification of acceptance for publication : december 1 , 1998 programme committee : maarten de rijke , krister segerberg , heinrich wansing , michael zakharyaschev programme chair michael zakharyaschev institute of applied mathematics russian academy of sciences miusskaya square 4 125047 moscow russia ( e-mails : mishaz @ math . fu-berlin . de and mz @ spp . keldysh . ru ) aiml steering committee : maarten de rijke , heinrich wansing , michael zakharyaschev aiml advisory board : johan van benthem , max cresswell , luis farinas del cerro , larry moss , indiana krister , uppsala colin stirling further information : email enquiries about the aiml ' 98 workshop should be directed to krister . segerberg @ filosofi . uu . se . information about the aiml initiative can be obtained on the world - wide web at http : / / www . wins . uva . nl / ~ mdr / aiml .
  """",0
  2484,""""Subject: workshop annoncement and call for papers - clitics
   
   workshop announcement and call for papers c l i t i c s 24th - 26th february 1999 konstanz university , germany we are pleased to announce our workshop on ' clitics ' during the 21st annual meeting of the german society of linguistics in konstanz ( germany ) . in linguistic research , clitics play an increasingly prominent role . the status of clitics is under discussion in phonology , morphology , and syntax , as well as in the respective interfaces . in these fields , the discussion on clitics gives rise to controversial analyses . one open question is whether we need in fact a separate linguistic category ' clitic ' , or whether these elements can be subsumed under different linguistic categories , such as affixes . - with respect to phonology , it is undetermined how clitics are incorporated into phonological structure . should we distinguish a clitic group in the prosodic hierarchy , are clitics part of prosodic words , or are they left outside prosodic structure ? how is their phonological deficiency best accounted for ? - concerning the morphology of clitics , especially regarding the occurrence of opaque clitics in clitic clusters , analyses within the framework of distributed morphology compete with those which propose an optimality theoretic solution . - also , the morphosyntactic status of clitics is unclear . is it possible to capture the order of clitics in clitic clusters in a more explanatory way than in terms of templates ? the complex conditions on clitic doubling give rise to the question whether clitics should be analysed as agreement markers or as arguments . - syntactic aspects of clitics play a major role in recent analyses in different theoretical frameworks . for instance , there is no agreement on the explanation of clitic climbing and it is an unsettled issue whether clitic placement should be accounted for in a syntactic , prosodic , prosodic-syntactic , or optimality-theoretic approach . the workshop intends to bring together phonologists , morphologists , and syntacticians and provides an ideal opportunity to share insights and to discuss the issues mentioned above . in addition to the invited speaker presentations , there are 9 slots for 30 - minute presentations , and 3 slots for 1 hour presentations ( including discussion ) . invited speakers : geert booij ( free university amsterdam ) jane grimshaw ( rutgers university ) juan uriagereka ( university of maryland ) please send a one-page abstract before 15th august 1998 to : birgit gerlach & janet grijzenhout , seminar fuer allgemeine sprachwissenschaft , heinrich - heine - universitaet , universitaetsstr . 1 , 40225 duesseldorf , germany . we may be contacted by e-mail at gerlach @ phil-fak . uni-duesseldorf . de , or grijzenh @ phil-fak . uni-duesseldorf . de
  """",0
  2485,""""Subject: conferrence ' minority languages in context '
   
   minority languages in context : diversity and standardisation the provisional programm of the ' colloque 1998 de la vals / asla ' , 21st - 23rd september 1998 , in chur , switzerland , about ' minority languages in context : diversity and standardisation ' is available on the following website : http : / / www . romsem . unibas . ch / vals _ asla / colloque98 / colloque98eng . htm the final programm of the congress will be available around mid june . eva roos aal , university of berne , switzerland eva . roos @ aal . unibe . ch
  """",0
  2486,""""Subject: available for review : massaro 98 -
   
   the book listed below is in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . speech perception massaro , dominic ( 1998 ) perceiving talking faces : from speech perception to a behavioral principle . cambridge : mit press . pattern recognition is deemed central to cognition . it appears to follow an optimal algorithm in a wide variety of behaviors and situations . _ perceiving talking faces _ proposes an invariant law of pattern recognition to describe how multiple sources of continuously perceived information , such as auditory and visual speech input are processed to achieve perception of a category . the book details the author 's extensive series of experiments on the use of multiple cues in speech perception and other domains , and unifies teh results under the fuzzy logical model of perception . the volume includes a cd rom . the reviewer of this volume will be expected to review both the book and the cd rom .
  """",0
  2487,""""Subject: amsterdam series in child language development vol . 6
   
   as of now is available volume 6 of the """""""" amsterdam series in child language development """""""" : anne baker , mieke beers , gerard bol , jan de jong & geertje leemans ( eds ) """""""" child language disorders in a cross - linguistic perspective . proceedings of the fourth symposium of the european group on child language disorders . """""""" ( 1997 ) ascld no . 6 dfl 15 . 00 contents : gerard bol """""""" preface ' ( 5 - 7 ) anne baker , annette scheper , bart siebelink & philip treffers ' morphosyntactic problems in children with psychiatric disturbance ' ( 9-31 ) laura bosch & miquel serra ' grammatical morphology deficits of spanish - speaking children with specific language impairment ' ( 33-45 ) gina conti - ramsden ' what is the nature of specific language impairment ? is sli really specific ? ' ( 47-64 ) esther dromi , laurence leonard & galit adam ' evaluating the morphological abilities of hebrew - speaking children with sli ' ( 65-78 ) jan de jong ' verbal argument structure in specifically language impaired children ' ( 79-98 ) melita kovaevi , hermann schler and marta ljubei ' controlled sentence production in sli children : german and croatian studies ' ( 99-115 ) geertje leemans ' the acquisition of subj - v - agreement and v2 in dutch sli children - first results ' ( 117-141 ) eeva leinonen & carolyn letts ' why pragmatic impairment ? a case study in comprehension of inferential meaning ' ( 143-157 ) anne - marie schaerlaekens ' language loss and language recovery in landau - kleffner syndrome ' ( 159-177 ) the """""""" amsterdam series in child language development """""""" ( issn 1382-5550 ) was established in 1993 . the series editors are maaike verrips ( now utrecht ) and frank wijnen ( utrecht ) . publisher is the institute for general linguistics at the university of amsterdam ( where orders can be placed - - see below ) . more information on the """""""" amsterdam series in child language development """""""" can be found on ascld 's web-page : http : / / www-uilots . let . uu . nl / ~ frank . wijnen / ascld-info . html = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = amsterdam series in child language development = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ascld requires prepayment . as soon as your payment reaches us , we will send out your copies and an invoice . our dutch customers can order ascld 6 by transferring the amount of dfl 15 . 00 to ( postal ) account no . 5032250 of : vakgroep algemene taalwetenschap , universiteit van amsterdam , spuistraat 210 , 1012 vt amsterdam . ( postbank n . v . , amsterdam ) . please mention : """""""" bestelling ascld 6 """""""" . ascld 6 can be ordered from abroad in the following ways . please make sure you choose the right mode of payment and mention : """""""" ascld 6 """""""" . ( a ) [ all customers : ] send an international money order to the amount of dfl 15 . 00 to : vakgroep algemene taalwetenschap , uni - versiteit van amsterdam , spuistraat 210 , 1012 vt amsterdam , the netherlands . or : ( b ) [ all customers : ] you can also pay by american express card or visa - card . send us your creditcard number and the expiring date . ( c ) [ european customers : ] if you have a postal account ( europe ) , transfer dfl 15 . 00 to ( postal ) account no . 5032250 of : vakgroep algemene taalwetenschap etc . ( see ( a ) ) ( postbank n . v . , amsterdam , the netherlands ) . ( d ) [ european customers : ] send an euro cheque written out in dutch guilders ( amount : dfl 15 . 00 ) to vakgroep algemene taalweten - schap , spuistraat 210 , 1012 vt amsterdam . attention : due to extra bank charges other cheques or money orders cannot be accepted . please specify the required item . linguistics dept . / university of amsterdam / spuistraat 210 / 1012 vt amsterdam / the netherlands phone : + 31-20 - 5253864 fax : + 31-20 - 5253021 e-mail : atw @ let . uva . nl if you have any problems concerning your order of ascld 6 , please do not hesitate to contact the series editors at : ascld @ let . uva . nl [ or : ] ascld @ hum . uva . nl = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = ! ! ! ! ! ! attention ! new e-mail address : frank . wijnen @ let . uu . nl . ! ! ! ! ! ! please update your address books + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | fra n k wijnen | | utrecht institute of linguistics ots | | trans 10 , 3512 jk utrecht , netherlands | | tel + 31 30 253 6334 fax + 31 30 253 6000 | | http : / / www-uilots . let . uu . nl / ~ frank . wijnen / | + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
  """",0
  2488,""""Subject: new books in syntax & morphology
   
   syntax & morphology spontaneous spoken language : syntax and discourse jim miller , university of edinburgh , and regina weinert , university of sheffield the authors examine the types of clauses used by people when they are speaking off the cuff . they also analyze the devices speakers use when organizing larger chunks of language , such as conversations . using data from english , german , and russian , they develop a systematic analysis of spoken english and highlight cross-language properties . they argue that there are major and systematic differences between spoken and written language , and conclude by exploring the implications of their findings for typology , first-language acquisition , and education . may 1998 472 pp . ; 1 linecut 0-19 - 823656 - 5 $ 115 . 00 oxford university press coordination janne bondi johannessen , university of oslo ( oxford studies in comparative syntax ) johannessen focuses on coordination , i . e . structures with conjunctions such as and , but , and or . these are important words in their constructions because they have many properties in common with categories like verbs and prepositions . she has analyzed thirty-three languages and has found many striking similarities , presenting the first study of coordination from a cross-linguistic perspective . her theory of syntactic coordination aims to be general and universal , and is broadly compatible with chomsky 's minimalist framework . june 1998 304 pp . 0-19 - 823772 - 3 paper $ 35 . 00 0-19 - 823709 - x cloth $ 85 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford university press : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
  """",0
  2489,""""Subject: new books in phonetics & phonology
   
   phonetics & phonology the phonology of armenian bert vaux , harvard university ( the phonology of the world 's languages ) this study presents the first contemporary linguistic treatment of armenian , an indo - european language whose distinct dialects range geographically from poland to india . the book documents a rich linguistic ( and literary ) history dating from the fourth-century translation of the bible into classical armenian . data are drawn from classical , middle , and standard eastern and western armenian , and from the author 's fieldwork on non-standard dialects . june 1998 296 pp . ; 105 linecuts , 1 map 0-19 - 823661 - 1 $ 105 . 00 oxford university press understanding phonology carlos gussenhoven , university of nijmegen , the netherlands , and haike jacobs , free university of amsterdam , the netherlands ( understanding language ) ( an arnold publication ) """""""" this book gives a clear and accurate picture of current phonological theory in a small number of pages . """""""" - - john goldsmith , university of chicago this text provides a broad yet up-to - date introduction to phonology . assuming no previous knowledge of phonology or linguistic theory , the authors introduce the basic concepts and build on these progressively , discussing the main theories and illustrating key points with carefully chosen examples . the book covers a wide range of phenomena , including speech production , segmental contrasts , tone , quantity , prosodic structure , metrical relations , and intonation , as well as such key theories as feature geometry and optimality theory . june 1998 304 pp . ; 2 linecuts 0-340 - 69218 - 9 paper $ 19 . 95 0-340 - 69217 - 0 cloth $ 75 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford university press : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
  """",0
  2490,""""Subject: new books in sociolinguistics & anthropological linguistics
   
   sociolinguistics & anthropological linguistics the sociolinguistics reader volume 1 : multilingualism and variation edited by peter trudgill , university of lausanne , switzerland , and jenny cheshire , queen mary and westfield college , university of london ( arnold linguistics readers ) ( an arnold publication ) this two-volume text presents a state-of - the-art account of the discipline in the closing years of the twentieth century . the books chart the liveliest areas in contemporary sociolinguistics : variation , multilingualism , gender , and discourse and include helpful introductions and other aids to the student and specialist . volume 1 explores the macro-social aspects of sociolinguistics , covering cross-cultural communication problems , the linguistic behavior of bilingual speakers , language contact , the social psychology of language , variation , and the mystery of linguistic change . may 1998 296 pp . ; 37 linecuts 0-340 - 65206 - 3 paper $ 19 . 95 0-340 - 65207 - 1 cloth $ 75 . 00 oxford university press the sociolinguistics reader volume 2 : gender and discourse edited by jenny cheshire , queen mary and westfield college , university of london , and peter trudgill , university of lausanne , switzerland ( arnold linguistics readers ) ( an arnold publication ) volume 2 of this two-volume text looks first at patterns of language variation , how gender identities are accomplished through language , and the importance of gender in accounting for language behavior . it goes on to examine sociolinguistic issues surrounding discourse , with reference to the communication of affective meaning , conversational routines , grammaticalization and language change , intertextuality , and cross-cultural discourse patterns and their social implications . may 1998 416 pp . ; 23 linecuts 0-340 - 69999 - x paper $ 19 . 95 0-340 - 69182 - 4 cloth $ 85 . 00 oxford university press claiming power in doctor-patient talk nancy ainsworth - vaughn , michigan state university ( oxford studies in sociolinguistics ) nancy ainsworth - vaughn studied stories , topic control , """""""" true """""""" questions , and rhetorical questions in 101 medical encounters in us private-practice settings . in exceptionally lucid and accessible style , ainsworth - vaughn explains how power was claimed by and co-constructed for both patients and doctors ( previous studies have focused upon doctors ' power ) . the discourse varied along a continuum from interview-like talk to conversational talk . six chapters are organized around data and include extended examples of actual talk in detailed transcription ; four of these data-oriented chapters focus upon dynamic , moment-to - moment use of speech activities in emerging discourse , such as doctors ' and patients ' stories that co-constructed selves , and a patient 's sexual rhetorical questions . two more chapters offer non-statistical quantitative data on the frequency of questioning and sudden topic changes in relation to gender , diagnosis , and other factors . contributing to discourse theory , ainsworth - vaughn significantly modifies previous definitions for topic transitions and rhetorical questions and discovers the role of storytelling in diagnosis . the final chapter provides implications for physicians and medical educators . june 1998 224 pp . ; 3 halftones 0-19 - 509607 - x paper $ 19 . 95 0-19 - 509606 - 1 cloth $ 45 . 00 oxford university press language ideologies : practice and theory edited by bambi b . schieffelin , new york university , kathryn a . woolard , university of california , san diego , and paul v . kroskrity , university of california , los angeles ( oxford studies in anthropological linguistics 16 ) """""""" language ideologies """""""" are cultural representations , whether explicit or implicit , of the intersection of language and human beings in a social world . mediating between social structures and forms of talk , such ideologies are not only about language . rather , they link language to identity , power , aesthetics , morality and epistemology . through such linkages , language ideologies underpin not only linguistic form and use , but also significant social institutions and fundamental notions of person and community . the essays in this new book examine definitions and conceptions of language in a wide range of societies around the world . contributors focus on how such defining activity organizes language use as well as institutions such as religious ritual , gender relations , the nation-state , schooling , and law . this timely volume will be the first collection of work to appear in this rapidly growing field , which effectively bridges linguistic and social theory . may 1998 352 pp . ; 4 linecuts 0-19 - 510562 - 1 paper $ 35 . 00 0-19 - 510561 - 3 cloth $ 75 . 00 oxford university press oral traditions of anuta : a polynesian outlier in the solomon islands richard feinberg , kent state university ( oxford studies in anthropological linguistics 15 ) anuta is a small polynesian community in the eastern solomon islands that has had minimal contact with outside cultural forces . even at the end of the twentieth century , it remains one of the most traditional and isolated islands in the insular pacific . in oral traditions of anuta , richard feinberg offers a telling collection of anutan historical narratives , including indigenous texts and english translations . this rich , thorough assemblage is the result of a collaborative project between feinberg and a large cross-section of the anutan community that developed over a period of twenty-five years . the volume 's emphasis is ethnographic , consisting of a number of texts as related by the island 's most respected experts in matters of traditional history . feinberg 's annotations , which arm the reader with essential ethnographic and historical contexts , clarify important linguistic and cultural issues that arise from the stories . the texts themselves have important implications for the relationship of oral tradition to history and symbolic structures , and afford new evidence pertinent to polynesian language sub-grouping . further , they provide insight into a number of anutan customs and preoccupations , while also suggesting certain widespread polynesian practices dating back to the pre-contact and early contact periods . may 1998 304 pp . ; 5 linecuts 0-19 - 510683 - 0 $ 85 . 00 oxford university press language obsolescence and revitalization : linguistic change in two sociolinguistically contrasting welsh communities mari c . jones , university of cambridge ( oxford studies in language contact ) mari c . jones 's book is the first to examine developments in contemporary welsh with reference to both language death and standardization . she bases her study on extensive fieldwork in two sociolinguistically contrasting communities she also examines agents of revitalization , such as immersion schools and the media , and the effect they are having on welsh . she explores and discusses the position of breton and cornish by way of comparison . june 1998 464 pp . ; 110 maps and linecuts 0-19 - 823711 - 1 $ 135 . 00 oxford university press _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for more information about linguistics titles from oxford university press : visit the oxford university press usa web site at http : / / www . oup-usa . org or e-mail : linguistics @ oup-usa . org
  """",0
  2491,""""Subject: confs : scil 10 - linguistics in cognitive science
   
   scil-10 june 6 & 7 northwestern university annenberg hall 10th annual student conference in linguistics """""""" linguistics in cognitive science """""""" june 6 and 7 , annenberg hall , northwestern university . registration information at http : / / www . ling . nwu . edu / ~ scil / send questions to scil @ ling . nwu . edu schedule : saturday , june 6 semantics session sat 9 : 00 jya - lin hwang university of hawaii , manoa on chinese resultative verb compounds : a lexical subordination approach sat 9 : 30 anna goy universita ' di torino ( italy ) lexical semantics of emotional adjectives sat 10 : 00 masaaki fuji rutgers university a stage - level e - type pronoun in japanese - - - - - - - break syntax session a sat 11 . 00 keiko murumatsu university of maryland the count / mass distinction and the ordering of adjectives sat 11 : 30 kleanthes k . grohmann university of maryland syntactic inquiries into discourse restrictions on multiple interrogatives sat 12 : 00 ralph c . blight university of texas at austin vp ellipsis , predicate fronting , and verb positions in english - - - - - - - lunch break psycholinguistics session sat 2 : 00 barbara j . luka university of chicago judgment fatigue : when metacognition and linguistic data crash and burn sat 2 : 30 julie hilliard university of kansas the perception of lexical stress in auditory word recognition sat 3 : 00 john grinstead ucla jeffrey macswan ucla susan curtis ucla rochel gelman ucla the independence of language and number sat 3 : 30 aida martinovic - zic university of wisconsin at milwaukee jelena jovanovic university of california at berkeley conceptualization of motion and language - specific constraints in first language acquisition - - - - - - break sat 4 : 30 - 6 : 00 keynote address lila gleitman university of pennsylvania more surprises about word learning : the human simulation paradigm - - - - - - - dinner break sat 8 : 00 scil party omni orrington hotel ( until midnight ) sunday , june 7 syntax session b sun 9 : 00 masao ochi university of connecticut multiple spell - out , pf merger and adjunction sun 9 : 30 satoshi oku university of connecticut english genitive """""""" pronouns """""""" as isomorphs of anaphor and pronominal sun 10 : 00 mika kizu mcgill university resumptive a ' - dependencies in cleft constructions - - - - - break language acquisition and discourse analysis session sun 11 : 00 vaijayanthi sarma mit acquisition of condition a and agreement : the developmental syntax of tamil sun 11 : 30 hikyoung lee university of pennsylvania the production and perception of discourse marker use in korean americans sun 12 : 00 laurel stvan northwestern university how about it ? the influence of accent and context in determining discourse function - - - - lunch break phonology session sun 2 : 00 caroline jones university of massachusetts , amherst licit vs . illicit responses in meinhof 's rule phenomena sun 2 : 30 walcir cardoso mcgill university resolving hiatus in picard : an optimality account sun 3 : 00 tao - yuan li university of minnesota effects of phonetic duration and phonological complexity on short - term memory
  """",0
  2492,""""Subject: tag + workshop registration and accommodations
   
   registration and accommodation information for the tag + workshop ( aug . 1 - 3 ) and tutorials ( july 28-31 ) to be held at the institute for research in cognitive science in philadelphia , pa is now available on the web at : http : / / www . cis . upenn . edu / ~ ircs / mol / tag98 . html . for your convenience in registering , the registration form is also included at the end of this message . best regards , jennifer macdougall tag + workshop assistant - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - registration form for tag + 1998 workshop and tutorials name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mailing address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ citizenship : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ if you are a non - us participant , what kind of visa have you obtained to come here ? b - 1 visa ( tourist business ) _ _ _ _ _ b - 2 visa ( tourist pleasure ) _ _ _ _ _ j - 1 visa _ _ _ _ _ f - 1 visa _ _ _ _ _ other ( please specify ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ will you be attending : workshop ( aug . 1st - 3rd ) _ _ _ _ tutorials ( july 28th - 31st ) _ _ _ _ both _ _ _ _ are you a student ? yes _ _ _ _ _ no _ _ _ _ _ are you receiving a stipend ? yes _ _ _ _ no _ _ _ _ do you need dorm housing ? yes _ _ _ _ no _ _ _ _ _ for how many nights ? _ _ _ _ please send or fax your completed registration forms to : jennifer macdougall institute for research in cognitive science suite 400a , 3401 walnut street philadelphia , pa 19104-6228 + 1-215 - 573-9247
  """",0
  2493,""""Subject: bisca-98
   
   bisca-98 - bolzano international school in cognitive analysis unfolding perceptual continua > from ecology of perception to cognition recent problems raised by artificial intelligence and cognitive sciences such as the perception of forms , the recognition of natural languages , the problems of common sense , naive physics , and consequently the need for direct and non-propositional reference to the objects of experience ( as cited , for example by scientists working in robotics ) have opened new areas of inquiry for psychophysics . bisca-98 will analyze the morphogenesis of the perceptive fields of vision , sound and touch , starting from the microstructure of intuitive continua , and therefore from a semiology of primitives as boundaries , points , angles , blobs , pointers , denotators , local signs , etc . the lectures , which from a general point of view will adopt an ecological perspective on perception , will proceed along the parallel tracks of psychophysical experimental research and the conceptual development of a theory of the intentionality of consciousness speakers of bisca 1998 are : liliana albertazzi , the experimental phenomenology standpoint jan j . koenderinck , multiply extended continua in vision guerino mazzola , grouping paradigms in music ruggero pierantoni , sensory perception : touch and cognition general information : 1 . attendance to the school will be limited to about 30 participants . 2 . a hotel list will be sent upon notification of acceptance . hotel costs in bolzano range between 70 , 000 and 250 , 000 italian liras per day , full board . 3 . each speaker will give 4 lectures , with ample time for discussion . 4 . all lectures will be in english . 5 . a small number of boursaries are available to qualified students to meet the costs of participation . for more information write to liliana albertazzi : alberta @ risc1 . gelso . unitn . it and see the imc web site : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / imc / imc . htm * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * roberto poli department of sociology and social research 26 , verdi street 38100 trento - - italy tel . + + 39-461 - 881-403 fax : + + 39-461 - 881-348 e-mail : poli @ risc1 . gelso . unitn . it axiomathes : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / axiomathes / axiomathes . htm imc : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / imc / imc . htm
  """",0
  2494,""""Subject: wholes and their parts
   
   wholes and their parts castel maretsch , 17-19 june 1998 , bolzano ( italy ) june 17 9 registration 10 bill lawvere , categorical analyses of the whole / part relation 11 : 30 coffee break 12 john bell , whole and part in mathematics 13-15 lunch 15 steve vickers , w / p in semantics for programming languages 16 coffee break 16 : 30 colin mclarty , w / p in foundations of mathematics 17 : 30 carlo cellucci , w / p in logical analysis june 18 9 gonzalo reyes , a category-theoretic approach to aristotle 's term logic , with special reference to mass nouns 10 ettore casari , on husserl 's theory of wholes and parts 11 coffee break 11 : 30 john mayberry , the classical notion of number and the modern notion of set 12 : 30-15 lunch 15 niles eldredge , hierarchical biological systems 16 coffee break 16 : 30 alberto peruzzi , wholes and their parts in semantics and epistemology : local / global and internal / external 17 : 30 roberto poli , wholes and their parts : the ontological stance june 19 9 basil hiley , w / p in mechanics and cosmology 10 ron langacker , wholes and their parts in natural language 11 coffee break 11 : 30 alf zimmer , w / p in gestalt psychology 12 : 30-15 lunch 15 ellis d . cooper , wholes and parts in quale mechanics 15 : 20 , holger schmid - schnbein , in resonant physiological systems , the whole is less complicated than the sum of its parts 15 : 40 irina dobronravova , parts and elements of the wholes in synergetics 16 coffee break 16 : 30 nili mandelblit , the notion of dynamic unit : conceptual developments in cognitive science 16 : 50 anthony atkinson , wholes and their parts in cognitive psychology 17 : 10 lawrence d . roberts , sentential meaning and its parts 17 , 30 frederik stjernfeld , mereology and semiotics 17 , 50 ariel meirav , plato 's theaetetus and the notion of a gestalt further information and abstracts of ( some of ) the talks are available at the imc web site : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / imc / imc . htm * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * roberto poli department of sociology and social research 26 , verdi street 38100 trento - - italy tel . + + 39-461 - 881-403 fax : + + 39-461 - 881-348 e-mail : poli @ risc1 . gelso . unitn . it axiomathes : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / axiomathes / axiomathes . htm imc : http : / / www . soc . unitn . it / dsrs / imc / imc . htm
  """",0
  2495,""""Subject: amta ' 98
   
   * * deadline postponed * * deadline postponed * * deadline postponed * * - - - call for submissions - - - association for machine translation in the americas amta-98 conference , langhorne , pa , october 28-31 , 1998 machine translation and the information soup ( mt in a growing field of language technologies ) the association for machine translation in the americas is pleased to convene its third conference in the biennial series , to be held at the sheraton bucks county hotel in langhorne , pa , on 28-31 october , with tutorials and welcoming reception on wednesday , october 28 , and pre-conference workshops scheduled for tuesday october 27th . following on the success of last year 's mt summit , which commemorated the 50th anniversary of machine translation , amta invites all who are interested in any aspect of machine translation - - developers , researchers , users , and watchers - - to attend the conference in october . at amta-98 we will focus on the multilingual aspects of the diverse language technologies being used increasingly on the web : information retrieval , text summarization , speech recognition , and so on . as usual , the conference will feature invited speakers , panel discussions , papers by researchers and developers , workshops , tutorials , and more . participation by members of amta 's sister organizations , aamt in asia and eamt in europe , is strongly encouraged . and people working in related areas , such as information retrieval and summarization , are very welcome to attend . more information about the conference can be found at http : / / www . isi . edu / natural-language / amta98 . html registration form a copy of the amta-98 registration form will soon be posted on the web at : http : / / www . isi . edu / natural-language / amta98 . html alternatively , please contact debbie becker association for machine translation in the americas 1201 pennsylvania avenue , n . w . , suite 300 washington , dc 20004 usa tel / fax : + 1-703 - 716-0912 email : amta @ clark . net conference organizers general chair : eduard hovy , usc information sciences institute program chairs : david farwell , crl , new mexico state university laurie gerber , systran software , inc . ( san diego ) local arrangements chair : martha palmer , university of pennsylvania amta-98 : paper and system description / demonstration submissions . authors / system developers are invited to submit three kinds of presentations : 1 . theoretical papers : unpublished papers are requested about original work on all aspects of machine translation . however , given the theme of this year 's conference , special consideration will be given to papers which address advances in multilingual language and information technologies which have a potential impact on machine translation . papers should be in english , not longer than 10 pages , with minimum character font size of 11 pt . 2 . system descriptions with optional system demonstrations : approx . 25 minutes will be allocated per system description / demo . submissions should be in english , not longer than 4 pages . if a system demonstration is included , please provide the following information : - hardware platform , - operating system , - name and contact information of system operations specialist . 3 . studies of users experiences with implementing mt or testing its applicability to some task . users and marketing consultants are especially welcome to submit . studies should be in english , not longer than 8 pages , with minimum character font size of 11 pt . first page : all types of submission should include a separate title page with the following information : - paper title , - author ( s ) ' name ( s ) , address ( es ) , telephone and fax numbers , email address ( es ) , - one-paragraph abstract , - for theoretical papers : subject area keyword ( s ) for user studies : the words """""""" user study """""""" for system descriptions / demos : the words """""""" system description / demo """""""" . submissions are due at address below on june 15 , 1998 . * new deadline * authors will be notified of acceptance on july 15 , 1998 . final copies of papers are due on august 31 , 1998 . softcopy submissions ( papers that do not print will be returned to the author ) : email address : david @ crl . nmsu . edu subject line : amta-98 submission paper encoding : - ascii plain text - microsoft word ( rtf format ) - postscript hardcopy submissions ( please send four ( 4 ) copies ) : amta-98 : david farwell computing research laboratory box 30001 / 3crl new mexico state university las cruces , nm 88003 usa
  """",0
  2496,""""Subject: aaal - - colloquium on translation
   
   a colloquium on translation is being proposed to the american association for applied linguistics ( aaal ) . if approved , it will be presented at its annual conference held from march 6 to march 9 , 1999 in stamford , connecticut , u . s . a . the theme and content of the colloquium have not been pre-determined . contributors ' papers and ideas contained in them will set its topic and define its central thought . the aim is to put together a set of about five quality works which complement each other , forming a coherent whole . it is an open-minded approach with no preference for particular languages or sub-fields . the organizer intends to be the discussant . if you would like to participate , please provide the materials listed below . kindly note that only traditional paper copy is acceptable to aaal . hence do not submit anything via facsimile or e - mail . please be sure that the print is sharp and dark , since photocopying will be necessary . as aaal allows only one submission per person , if you choose to be considered for this colloquium you should not be submitting a separate paper to aaal , directly or indirectly . ( 1 ) an abstract which is titled , typed , and no more than 300 words in length . if references are necessary , incorporate them into the text of the abstract ; do not attach a separate list of works cited . in the top left-hand corner list the author 's name , address , telephone number , facsimile number ( if available ) , e-mail address ( if available ) , and institutional affiliation . fit everything on one single page ; leave the reverse side blank . the organizer will prepare the anonymous copy aaal requires . ( 2 ) a sheet on which appears the author 's name , title of paper , and specification of twenty , twenty-five , or thirty minutes as the delivery time desired . be prepared to stay within that stated time limit during the presentation . if a slide projector , tv monitor , vcr , audio player , or over-head projector is needed , please so state on this sheet as well . note , however , that there is an estimated charge of us $ 35 for the first item , and us $ 70 for the second and third items ; the last two items require no fee . individual presenters will be billed for the charges after the conference . ( 3 ) if no e-mail address is given , or if acknowledgement is not to be sent via e-mail , supply an addressed envelope or mailing label so that you could be informed of the receipt of your packet . the deadline for receipt of the above materials by the colloquium 's organizer is july 31 , 1998 . authors will be notified of selection results around august 20 . those abstracts selected will be submitted as a group proposal to aaal for blind evaluation . once their decision is received - - most likely in november - - it will be relayed to the authors . if aaal accepts the proposal , authors are required to submit drafts of their papers to the discussant by february 15 , 1999 . a fifty-word summary will also be necessary for inclusion in the conference programme . send listed items to : helen chau hu , department of english , california state university , long beach , california 90840-2403 , u . s . a . [ telephone : 562-985 - 4229 ; e-mail : hchauhu @ csulb . edu . ] presenters must register for the conference . the registration fee and membership dues will total about us $ 160 . to make enquiries regarding aaal , please contact them directly at : p . o . box 21686 , eagan , minnesota 55121-0686 , u . s . a . their web site is at : http : / / igor . lis . wisc . edu / aaal . helen chau hu assistant professor department of english california state university long beach , california 90840 voice mail : 562-985 - 4229
  """",0
  2497,""""Subject: adcs ' 98
   
   the following is a one day intensive symposium preceeding sigir ' 98 . it will have involvement from academic and commercial presenters and it offers an unusual range of different presentation styles . call for papers third australian document computing symposium ( adcs ' 98 ) august 21 1998 university of sydney , sydney , australia http : / / www . cmis . csiro . au / conferences-seminars / adcs98 / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - important dates scope - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - submission of papers : adcs ' 98 is an opportunity for june 19 , 1998 researchers and practitioners in document management and information retrieval to meet and present their submission of posters : work . the symposium aims to cover all june 26 , 1998 aspects of document computing - issues ranging from the fundamentals of document architectures and submission of standards for markup , through demonstrations : storage , management , retrieval , june 26 , 1998 authentication and workflow , to active and virtual documents . notification of acceptance : july 19 , 1998 allette systems , csiro mathematical and information sciences and the university of sydney are pleased to final versions due : host the third australian document july 31 , 1998 computing symposium , to be held at the department of computer science , the university of sydney , immediately symposium : preceding the 21st international acm august 21 , 1998 sigir conference on research and development in information retrieval ( sigir ' 98 ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - topics of interest - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - these include ( but are not restricted to ) : * resource discovery * document workflow * document databases * document management * document architectures * standards for markup * innovative applications of xml * multimedia * hypermedia * adaptive hypertext * virtual documents * digital libraries - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - submissions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - there are four categories of submissions : long papers : maximum length 3000 words . short papers : maximum length 1500 words . posters : maximum length 1000 words . demonstrations : abstract only required . submitted papers / posters must be in english , should be available as html documents . papers / posters must include the author 's name , affiliation and e-mail address , a 200 word abstract , and keywords preferably from the above list identifying the paper 's area . submissions and queries should be mailed to either program committee chair : judy kay maria milosavljevic basser dept of computer science csiro-mis , madsen f09 intelligent interactive technology university of sydney locked bag 17 , north - ryde nsw australia 2006 australia 2113 ph : + 61 - 2-9351 - 4502 ph : + 61 2 9325 3100 fax : + 61 - 2-9351 - 3838 fax : + 61 2 9325 3200 www . cs . usyd . edu . au / ~ judy www . cmis . csiro . au / maria . milosavljevic /
  """",0
  2498,""""Subject: 9th intl congress of linguists
   
   istituto di glottologia universit degli studi via festa del perdono 7 , 20122 milano ix international congress of linguists milan , 8-10 october 1998 milan , april 1998 s e c o n d c i r c u l a r dear colleague , on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of its foundation and of the centenary of vitt pisani 's birth , the """""""" sodalizio glottologico milanese """""""" , with the support of the """""""" istituto lombardo accademia di scienze e lettere """""""" , and of the catholic and the state universities of milan is organizing the 9th international congress of linguists which will take place on october 8th , 9th , 10th , 1998 . we remind you that the topic is : 50 years of linguistic researches : its problems , results , and prospects for the third millenium . there will be 5 official reports and some other shorter speeches . meetings will take place at the state university - via festa del perdono 7 , at the """""""" istituto lombardo """""""" - via borgonuovo 25 , and at the c atholic university - largo gemelli 1 , according to the following schedule : october 8th 1998 , 9 . 00 a . m . , state university - room 211 g . bolognesi , opening of activities , welcome message , and introductive speech . e . coseriu , la linguistica europea dopo saussure discussion communications room 211 and room 113 october 8th , 1998 , 15 p . m . , state university - room 211 r . arena , titolo da definire discussion communications room 211 and room 113 october 9th , 1998 , 9 . 00 a . m . , istituto lombardo r . gusmani , recenti progressi nel campo delle lingue anatoliche del i millennio a . c . discussion communications october 9th , 1998 , 15 p . m . , istituto lombardo c . hannick , systeme et fonction du slavon ecclesiastique comme langue crite supranationale au moyen age et dans les temps modernes . discussion communications october 10th , 1998 , 9 . 00 a . m . , catholic university , room pio xi p . ramat , nuovi approcci metodologici ? discussion communications room pio xi and room san paolo close of the congress the application fee of l . 100 . 000 , refundable as susbsistance money , can be paid either at the opening of the congress or into the postal account n . 11507209 invoiced to dr . roberto giacomelli . here enclosed you will find a list of hotels and hostels for your accomodation and some useful information . best regards . yours sincerely the president giancarlo bolognesi % ud
  """",0
  2499,""""Subject: call for papers - pragma99
   
   call for papers pragma99 international pragmatics conference on pragmatics and negotiation june 13-16 , 1999 tel aviv university and hebrew university of jerusalem tel aviv and jerusalem israel the main theme of this conference is the pragmatics of negotiation , interpreted in a very broad sense . interlocutors engage in negotiations about every aspect of their interaction - such as floor access and topic selection , contextual assumptions , conversational goals , and the ( mis ) interpretation and repair of their messages . topics such as cross-cultural and cross-gender ( mis ) communications , conversational procedures in disputes and collaborations , argumentation practices , and effects of assumptions and goals on the negotiating strategies of interlocutors are of special interest for this conference . the conference will be interdisciplinary , bringing together pragmaticists , linguists , philosophers , anthropologists , sociologists and political scientists . we are soliciting papers on all issues relevant to the theme of the conference , as well as papers in other areas of pragmatics and dialogue analysis . the conference will include plenary addresses , regular session lectures , and organized panels around any of the relevant topics . among the plenary speakers : elinor ochs ( ucla ) , itamar rabinovitch ( tel aviv university ) , emanual schegloff ( ucla ) , thomas schelling ( university of maryland ) , deborah schiffrin ( georgetown university ) , deborah tannen ( georgetown university ) , ruth wodak ( university of vienna ) . presentation of regular session lectures is 30 minutes long , with a subsequent discussion of 10 minutes . panels take the form of a series of closely related lectures on a specific topic , which may or may not be directly related to the special topic of the conference . they may consist of one , two or three units of 120 minutes . within each panel unit a maximum of four 20 - minute presentations are given consecutively , followed by a minimum of 30 minutes of discussion ( either devoted entirely to an open discussion , or taken up in part by comments by a discussant or discussants ) . panels are composed of contributions attracted by panel organizers , combined with individually submitted papers when judged appropriate by the program committee in consultation with the panel organizers . typically , written versions or extensive outlines of all panel contributions should be available before the conference to facilitate discussion . submissions abstracts for papers and panels should be submitted in the following format : 1 . for papers - five copies of an anonymous abstract ( up to 300 words ) . 2 . for panels - a preliminary proposal of one page , detailing title , area of interest , name of organizer ( s ) and invited participants to be sent by august 1 , 1998 . organizers of approved panels will then be invited to submit a full set of abstracts , including : a . a brief description of the topic area , b . a list of participants ( with full details , see below ) , c . abstracts by each of the participants by november 1 , 1998 . 3 . in all cases , a page stating : a . title , b . audiovisual / computer request , and c . for each author : i . full name and affiliation ; ii . current address ; iii . e - mail address ; iv . fax number . deadline for submission of abstracts : nov . 1 , 1998 . abstracts may be sent by hard copy , disk , or e-mail to pragma99 , faculty of humanities , tel aviv university , tel aviv 69978 , israel . e - mail : pragma99 @ post . tau . ac . il date of notification : march 1 , 1999 . program committee : mira ariel , hava bat - zeev shyldkrot , jonathan berg , anat biletzki , shoshana blum - kulka , marcelo dascal , nomi erteschik - shir , tamar katriel , ruth manor , george - elia sarfati , elda weizman , yael ziv . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = pragma99 registration form please send the following information , accompanied by cheque payable to tel - aviv university in the amount of us $ 75 if paid before november 1 , 1998 , otherwise us $ 100 , to pragma99 faculty of humanities tel aviv university tel aviv 69978 , israel dr . / mr . / mrs . / ms . / name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ university / organization : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ email : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fax : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( home ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( office ) telephone : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( home ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( office ) signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ those wishing to pay by credit card should provide the following information : type of credit card : mastercard / visa / american express name as it appears on credit card : sum of paymnt : us $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ card no . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expiration date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ date : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * * * * * * * * * * those wishing to present a paper should follow the instructions above . hotel information will be provided after registration . the international association for dialogue analysis is co-sponsoring a part of our conference , which will be devoted to """""""" negotiation as a dialogic concept . """""""" for further information , contact edda weigand ( e-mail : weigand @ uni-muenster . de ) . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = [ forms can also be returned by fax to 972 - 3-6407839 , or by e-mail to pragma99 @ post . tau . ac . il . ]
  """",0
  2500,""""Subject: germanic and romance modals
   
   second call for papers international conference of the linguistic society of belgium modal verbs in germanic and romance languages 11 - 12 december 1998 university of antwerp - uia ( campus wilrijk ) organizers : patrick dendale ( universities of metz and antwerp ) and johan van der auwera ( university of antwerp ) send a one-page abstract to : patrick dendale university of antwerp ( uia ) romaanse universiteitsplein 1 b - 2610 wilrijk belgium deadline : august 15 , 1998 for further information contact patrick dendale johan van der auwera tel + 32 ( 0 ) 3 820 . 28 . 13 tel + 32 ( 0 ) 3 820 . 27 . 76 fax + 32 ( 0 ) 3 820 . 28 . 23 fax + 32 ( 0 ) 3 820 . 27 . 62 pdendale @ uia . ua . ac . be auwera @ uia . ua . ac . be or consult the conference 's homepage http : / / rom-www . uia . ac . be / u / pdendale / colleng . html
  """",0
  2501,""""Subject: our knowledge of human language : current perspectives
   
   nuestro conocimiento del lenguaje humano : perspectivas actuales our knowledge of human language : current perspectives chomsky , noam ( 1998 ) : nuestro conocimiento del lenguaje humano : perspectivas actuales . our knowledge of human language : current perspectives . a spanish / english bilingual edition by sally barros and emilio rivano . spanish translation and notes by german westphal . isbn 956-7003 - 46 - 7 ediciones universidad de concepcion & bravo y allende editores , santiago , chile , 1998 . the book is based on the lecture noam chomsky gave at the universidad de concepcion , chile , in november of 1996 , and it includes his remarks and comments during the follow-up discussion . for further information , contact : emilio rivano programa de doctorado en linguistica universidad de concepcion casilla 82 - c , correo 3 concepcion , chile fax : ( 56 ) 41 25 91 08 erivano @ udec . cl * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dr . german f . westphal * office : no summer office hours * * modern languages & linguistics * tel : 410-455 - 2109 * * 134 academic building iv , b wing * fax : 410-455 - 1025 * * university of maryland * pager : 410-389 - 6049 * * baltimore county , md 21250 , u . s . a . * e - mail : < westphal @ umbc . edu > * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * webpage w / scholarship , art work , short stories & poetry http : / / research . umbc . edu / ~ westphal
  """",0
  2502,""""Subject: a theory of predicates
   
   a theory of predicates ackerman , farrell ( university of california , san diego ) and webelhuth , gert ( university of north carolina , chapel hill ) ; a theory of predicates ; isbn : 1-57586 - 087 - 2 ( cloth ) , 1-57586 - 086 - 4 ( paper ) ; 402 pp . csli publications 1998 : http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications / email : pubs @ roslin . stanford . edu in this work two linguists from different theoretical paradigms develop a new general theory of natural language predicates . this theory is capable of addressing a broad range of issues concerning ( complex ) predicates , many of which remain unresolved in previous theoretical proposals . grounded in empirical evidence from a wide variety of genetically and geographically unrelated languages ( german , hungarian , fox , nenets , tzotzil , malayalam , among others ) , this new theory synthesizes conceptual and representational assumptions from several different theoretical traditions . the authors focus on cross-linguistically recurring patterns of predicate formation where identical contentive notions ( i . e . , lexical semantic , grammatical function , and morphosyntactic information ) are expressed by predicates consisting of a single morphological word or by combinations of independent words that need not form a single syntactic unit . they provide a detailed implementation of their theory for german tense-aspect , passive , causative , and verb-particle predicates . in addition , the authors discuss extensions of these representative analyses to the same predicate constructions in other languages . beyond providing a formalism for the analysis of language-particular predicates , they demonstrate how the basic theoretical mechanisms they develop can be employed to explain universal tendencies of predicate formation . for this purpose , ackerman and webelhuth introduce the construct ` grammatical archetype ' into linguistic theory , relating universal patterns of predicate formation to language-particular patterns in a principled fashion . this book will be of interest to linguists and grammarians from any generative , cognitive / functional , or traditional perspective . in addition , it is accessible to interested philosophers , psycholinguists , cognitive scientists , computational linguists , anthropological linguists , and philologists . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * csli publications ventura hall stanford university stanford , ca 94305-4115 telephone ( 650 ) 723-1839 fax ( 650 ) 725-2166 http : / / csli-www . stanford . edu / publications
  """",0
  2503,""""Subject: diachronica xv : 1
   
   the spring 1998 issue of diachronica , vol . 15 , no . 1 , has just been published . it contains : _ articles _ michel ferlus , les syste ` mes de tons dans les langues viet-muong martin haspelmath , the semantic development of old presents : new futures and subjunctives without grammaticalization tomas riad , the origin of scandinavian tone accents donald winford , on the origins of african american vernacular english : a creolist perspective , part ii : linguistic features _ reviews _ gary bevington , where do words comes from ? an introduction to etymology . rev . by rex wallace jose ' del valle , el trueque s / x en el espan ~ ol antiguo . rev . by dieter wanner gereon franken , systematische etymologie : untersuchung einer ' mischsprache ' am beispiel des shakespeare - wortschatzes . rev . by terence odlin andreas jucker , historical pragmatics . rev . by nick nicholas christian lehmann , thoughts on grammaticalization . rev . by bernard comrie . _ miscellenea _ j . c . smith , report on the 13th international conference on historical linguistics saul levin , reply to bomhard 's review of levin ( 1996 ) _ publications received _ for subscription information , contact john benjamins publishers at < customer . services @ benjamins . nl > ; for submission information , contact konrad koerner < koerner @ uottawa . ca > or brian joseph < bjoseph @ ling . ohio-state . edu >
  """",0
  2504,""""Subject: maryland working papers in linguistics
   
   the university of maryland linguistics department proudly presents : university of maryland working papers in linguistics volume 6 : papers in syntax , the syntax - semantics interface , language acquisition and psycholinguistcs . volume 7 : papers in phonology * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * volume 6 editors : elixabete murguia , acrisio pires , lucia quintana - sharon armon - lotem : what to do with have and be : auxiliary verbs in child second language acquisition . - larisa avram : remarks on the english modals . - juan carlos castillo : the syntax of container - content relations . - stephen crain and rosalind thornton : the truth value judgment task : fundamentals of design . - kleanthes grohmann : speculations on the syntax and semantics of german multiple interrogatives . - norbert hornstein : adjunct control and parasitic gaps . - mari broman olsen , amy weinberg , jeffrey p . lilly and john drury : acquiring grammatical aspect via lexical aspects : the continuity hypothesis . - lucia quintana : meaningful motivation behind the syntax of reciprocals . - yi - ching su : the representation of compounds and phrases in the mental lexicon : evidence from chinese . - maria emma ticio quesada : a minimalist analysis of intensive consecutives . - juan uriagereka : a note on rigidity . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * volume 7 editors : haruka fukazawa , frida morelli , caro struijke , yi - ching su - haruka fukazawa : new evidence for sympathy theory . - linda lombardi : constraints versus representations : some questions from laryngeal phonology . - linda lombardi : evidence for max feature constraints from japanese . - itziar san martin : an ot account of the formation of definite forms in the vizcayan basque dialect of markina . - viola miglio : epenthesis and deletion in mantuan . - frida morelli : onset obstruent clusters and syllabic obstruents in lushootseed - nisqually . - bruce moren : the puzzle of kashmiri stress . - caro struijke : reduplicant and output tetu in kwakwala : a new model of correspondence . for contents of previous volumes check our website at : http : / / www . inform . umd . edu / linguistics / dept / wp . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * umdwpl order form name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ volume number : _ _ number of copies : _ _ _ @ $ 15 . - per copy $ _ _ _ _ _ _ please add postage and handling : - each volume ( us , canada , mexico $ 3 . 00 ) ( all other countries $ 6 . 00 ) $ _ _ _ _ _ _ total : $ _ _ _ _ _ _ please make your check ( drawn on a us bank ) or money order payable to ' university of maryland working papers in linguistics ' and mail your order to : university of maryland working papers / orders department of linguistics 1401 marie mount hall university of maryland college park , md 20742-7515 usa
  """",0
  2505,""""Subject: chicago phonetics and phonology ( chiphon ) 98 call
   
   chiphon - - the phonetics and phonology group at the university of chicago - - provides a forum for discussing fundamental questions in spoken language research . last year , over 100 people joined us for a day-long panel on whether speech is special . this year , as part of the 34th annual meeting of the chicago linguistic society , we examine how language acquisition data should be incorporated into phonological and phonetic theory . chiphon ' 98 saturday , april 18 , chicago , illinois the acquisition of spoken language """""""" the ideal relationship between central and developmental portions of a field would be one in which the investigators in each . . . would construct model children who were capable of developing into adults and , conversely , model adults who could have developed from children """""""" ( menn , 1980 ) . * which provides a better measure of a speaker 's successful acquisition of speech - - perceiving contrasts or producing them ? how are perception & production related to linguistic competence ? * how should acquisition data be used when formulating and evaluating phononological theories of tone and stress ? what are the prosodic primitives , and are they innate or can they be bootstrapped from the signal ? * what speech processing mechanisms are responsible for second-language development ? are they the same as those for adults processing l1 or for infants acquiring it ? what does disordered phonology tell us about these mechanisms ? we invite abstracts that treat the acquisition of spoken language as integral to the development of linguistic theory . invited speakers : james flege ( university of alabama at birmingham ) peter jusczyk ( johns hopkins university ) robert port ( indiana university ) conference info like last year , this year 's symposium will provide ample opportunities for discussion with talks throughout the day , a box lunch , and an hour-long discussion at the end . other events that weekend include a panel on language acquisition and the lexicon on april 19 . * sophisticated connectionist models of language and acquisition provide an ideal framework for constructing linguistic theories that incorporate the complex interactions between sounds , symbols and meanings . * the ways in which we conceptualize the organization of morphology have different implications for first and for second language acquisition . * ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny and for mature organisms we look at lexical access convinced cognition then recapitulates ontogeny . invited speakers : joan bybee ( university of new mexico ) david pisoni ( indiana university ) terry regier ( university of chicago ) the cls conference will also host a panel on the status of constraints in linguistic theory on april 17 , with john mccarthy and jerrold sadock . papers on phonology , morphology , and syntax , among others , will be presented during the main sessions on april 17-19 , with diana archangeli and david dowty . send your 500-word abstract via email to rmhemphi @ midway . uchicago . edu by january 31 , 1998 . for further information , http : / / humanities . uchicago . edu / humanities / cls or http : / / gsbdrl . uchicago . edu / cls
  """",0
  2506,""""Subject: workshop announcement
   
   call for papers distributing and accessing linguistic resources workshop immediately before the first international conference on language resources and evaluation ( lrec ) , may 27 1998 granada , spain http : / / www . icp . grenet . fr / elra / conflre . html short description : this workshop will discuss ways to increase the efficacy of linguistic resource distribution and programmatic access , and work towards the definition of a new method for these tasks based on distributed processing and object-oriented modelling with deployment on the www . organizers : yorick wilks , hamish cunningham , wim peters , remi zajac workshop scope and aims - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - in general the reuse of of nlp data resources ( such as lexicons or corpora ) has exceeded that of algorithmic resources ( such as lemmatisers or parsers ) . however , there are still two barriers to data resource reuse : 1 ) each resource has its own representation syntax and corresponding programmatic access mode ( e . g . sql for celex , c or prolog for wordnet , sgml for the bnc ) ; 2 ) resources must generally be installed locally to be usable ( and of course precisely how this happens , what operating systems are supported etc . varies from case to case ) . the consequences of 1 ) are that although resources share some structure in common ( lexicons are organised around words , for example ) this commonality is wasted when it comes to using a new resource ( the developer has to learn everything afresh each time ) and that work which seeks to investigate or exploit commonalities between resources ( e . g . to link several lexicons to an ontology ) has to first build a layer of access routines on top of each resources . so , for example , if we wish to do task-based evaluation of lexicons by measuring the relative performance of an information extraction system with different instantiations of lexical resource , we might end up writing code to translate several different resources into sql or sgml . the consequence of 2 ) is that there is no way to """""""" try before you buy """""""" : no way to examine a data resource for its suitability for your needs before licencing it . correspondingly there is no way for a resource provider to expose limitted access to their products for advertising purposes , or gain revenue through piecemeal supply of sections of a resource . this workshop will discuss ways to overcome these barriers . the proposers will discuss a new method for distributing and accessing language resources involving the development of a common programmatic model of the various resources types , implemented in corba idl and / or java , along with a distributed server for non-local access . this model is being designed as part of the gate project ( general architecture for text engineering : http : / / www . dcs . shef . ac . uk / research / groups / nlp / gate / ) and goes under the provisional title of an active creole server . ( creole : collection of reusable objects for language engineering . currently creole supports only algortihmic objects , but will be extended to data objects . ) a common model of language data resources would be a set of inheritance hierarchies making up a forest or set of graphs . at the top of the hierarchies would be very general abstractions from resources ( e . g . lexicons are about words ) ; at the leaves would be data items that were specific to individual resources . programmatic access would be available at all levels , allowing the developer to select an appropriate level of commonality for each application . note that although an exciting element of the work could be to provide algorithms to dynamically merge common resources ( e . g . connect wordnet to celex ) , what we ' re suggesting initially is not to develop anything substantively new , but simply to improve access to existing resources . this is not a new standards initiative , but a way to build on previous initiatives . of course , the production of a common model that fully expressed all the subtleties of all resources would be a large undertaking , but we believe that it can be done incrementally , with useful results at each stage . early versions will stop decomposing the object structure of resources at a fairly high level , leaving the developer to handle the data structures native to the resources at the leaves of the forest . there should still be a substantial benefit in uniform access to higher level strucures . draft program committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - yorick wilks hamish cunningham wim peters remi zajac roberta catizone paola velardi maria teresa pazienza louise guthrie roberto basili bran boguraev sergei nirenburg james pustejowsky ralph grishman christiane fellbaum paper submission - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - formatting guidelines : papers should not exceed 4000 words or 10 pages . hard copies : three hard copies should be sent to : gill callaghan , fao yorick wilks dept . computer science university of sheffield regent court 211 portobello st . , sheffield s1 4dp uk electronic submission : electronic submission will be allowed in poscript or html . an ftp site will be available on demand . authors should send an info email to ( yorick wilks ) even if they submit in paper form . an electronic submission should be accompanied by a plain ascii text . # name : name of first author # title : title of the paper # pages : number of pages # files : name of file ( if also submitted electronically ) # note : anything you 'd like to add # keys : keywords # email : email of the first author # abstr : abstract of the paper # . . . . . . important dates paper submission deadline ( hard copy / electronic ) february 15th 1998 paper notification april 1st camera - ready papers due may 1st dalr workshop may 27st
  """",0
  2507,""""Subject: understanding phonology ( update )
   
   understanding phonology gussenhoven , carlos ( university of nijmegen , the netherlands ) and jacobs , haike ( university of nijmegen and the free university of amsterdam , the netherlands ) ; understanding phonology ; publication march 1998 304pp pb 0 340 69218 9 14 . 99 / us $ 19 . 95 hb 0 340 69217 0 40 . 00 / us $ 70 . 00 arnold publishing ( american edition is co-published with oup ) this book gives a clear and accurate picture of current phonological theory in a small number of pages . john goldsmith , university of chicago this skilfully written new text provides a broad , yet up-to - date , introduction to phonology . assuming no previous knowledge of phonology or linguistic theory , the authors introduce the basic concepts and build on these progressively , discussing the main theories and illustrating key points with carefully chosen examples . a wide range of phenomena are covered : speech production , segmental contrasts , tone , quality , prosodic structure , metrical relations and intonation . the main theories are introduced and their contributions to our understanding of phonology , as well as their shortcomings , are discussed objectively . contents : the production of speech / some typology : sameness and difference / making the form fit / two levels of representation / distinctive features / ordered rules / the diminutive suffix in dutch / levels of representation / representing tone / skeletal slots and moras / feature geometry / complex segments / stress / iambic and trochambic rhythm in optimality theory . readership : students of linguistics . available on inspection for lecturers ( quote linglist598 ) tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6355 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6325 e - mail : milly . neate @ hodder . co . uk
  """",0
  2508,""""Subject: understanding pragmatics ( update )
   
   understanding pragmatics verschueren , jef ( belgian national science foundation , belgium ) ; understanding pragmatics ; publication september 1998 c . 288pp pb 0 340 64623 3 c . 13 . 99 / us $ 19 . 95 hb 0 340 64624 1 c . 40 . 00 / us $ 70 . 00 arnold publishing ( american edition is co-published with oup ) this is the most comprehensive and current introduction to pragmatics . presupposing no background in pragmatics , the author sketches out the theoretical basis of the subject and systematically develops the major theoretical perspectives , to provide a full description of pragmatics as a coherent field of inquiry . the text explores methodological issues , guiding the reader into the existing spectrum of pragmatics-related work . focusing on pragmatics in its broadest sense , the book covers the whole range of social , cultural and cognitive aspects of pragmatics . contents : introduction / overview / the pragmatic perspective / aspects of the meaningful functioning of language / topics and trends . readership : students of linguistics / english language . available on inspection for lecturers ( quote linglist598 ) tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6355 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6325 e - mail : milly . neate @ hodder . co . uk
  """",0
  2509,""""Subject: understanding syntax ( update )
   
   understanding syntax tallerman , maggie ( university of durham , uk ) ; understanding syntax ; published september 1998 c . 192pp pb 0 340 60377 1 c . 12 . 99 / us $ 19 . 95 hb 0 340 70000 9 c . 35 . 00 / us $ 60 . 00 arnold publishing ( american edition is co-published with oup ) provides a complete introduction to the main categories and constructions associated with sentence structure - the syntactic component of the grammar of human language . assuming no prior knowledge of linguistics , the book discusses and illustrates all the major terms and concepts . contents : what is syntax ? / words belong to different classes / looking inside sentences / head words and phrases / how do we identify constituents ? / relationship within the clause / syntactic processes . readership : undergraduates in linguistics tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6355 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 171 873 6325 e - mail : milly . neate @ hodder . co . uk
  """",0
  2510,""""Subject: workshop on morphological case
   
   workshop announcement dear colleagues , we are happy to announce the programme of the workshop """""""" effects of morphological case , to be held at the utrecht institute of linguistics ots , utrecht university , 28-29 august 1998 . organizers : helen de hoop , olaf koeneman , iris mulders , and fred weerman invited speakers : paul kiparsky , joan maling , alec marantz the aim of this workshop is to bring together theoretical and empirical considerations on the effects of morphological case beyond its mere phonological characteristics . issues for discussion involve the implications of morphological case for abstract case theory , the difference between structural and inherent case , agreement , word order phenomena , grammaticalization processes , discourse theory , and semantics . 1 . programme friday , august 28th : 9 . 00 opening remarks 9 . 30 invited speaker : paul kiparsky ( stanford university ) ` cases as complementizers ' 10 . 30 denis bouchard ( university of montreal ) ` fixed positions , functional markers and the concept of """""""" universal """""""" ' 11 . 15 break 11 . 30 inghild flaate & kristin m . eide ( norwegian university of science and technology ) ` interpretive effects of morphological case : norwegian and german predicatives ' 12 . 15 marjon helmantel ( leiden university ) ` on the relation between structural position and morphological case : adpositions in german ' 13 . 00 lunch break 14 . 15 stephen wechsler & larisa zlatic ( university of texas ) ` case realization in serbo - croatian ' 15 . 00 lynn nichols ( harvard university ) ` non - uniform effects of morphological case ' 15 . 45 break 16 . 00 carson t . schutze ( ucla ) ` on the nature of default case ' 16 . 45 josef bayer , markus bader & michael meng ( friedrich - schiller university jena ) ` morphological underspecification meets oblique case : syntactic and processing effects in german ' saturday , august 29th 9 . 15 invited speaker : alec marantz ( mit ) ` in defense of """""""" spell-out """""""" : why morphological case should indeed only have an indirect , reflective relation to the syntax ' 10 . 15 amanda seidl ( university of pennsylvania ) ` non - segmental morphological case : the case of consonant mutation in kpa mende ' 11 . 00 break 11 . 15 miriam butt ( university of konstanz ) & tracy holloway king ( ( nltt / istl ) ` licensing semantic case ' 12 . 00 dieter wunderlich ( heinrich heine university , duesseldorf ) ` on the interaction of structural and semantic case ' 12 . 45 lunch break 14 . 00 angela ralli ( university of patras ) & manuel espanol - echevarria ( ucla ) ` feature mismatch in dislocated constituents ' 14 . 45 eric haeberli ( university of geneva ) ` deriving effects of morphological case by eliminating abstract case ' 15 . 30 break 15 . 45 david lightfoot ( university of maryland ) ` middle english split genitives and the loss of case ' 16 . 30 invited speaker : joan maling ( brandeis university ) ` morphological case is not ( always ) to blame ' alternate : sandra joppen ( heinrich heine university , duesseldorf ) ` structural arguments with semantic case : the case of causees and recipients in 4 - place verbs ' 2 . registration registration at the site will cost 60 dutch guilders . if you preregister , you only pay 50 guilders and you will receive the workshop booklet in advance . please use the following form for preregistration : name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ city and zipcode : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( state : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ) country : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i wish to pay by : 0 eurocheck 0 eurocard 0 mastercard 0 visa credit card details : cardnumber : expiry date : transaction date : name and address as registered by credit card company ( if different from above ) : please send by email-reply or by regular mail to : utrecht university utrecht institute of linguistics trans 10 3512 jk utrecht the netherlands 3 . hotel information some of the speakers will stay at hotel de biltsche hoek in de bilt , which is approx . 15 minutes from the city centre by bus . tel # 31302205811 , fax # 31302202812 . single : f 112 , 50 , double f 135 , - ( breakfast included ) . here is the list of accommodation information in utrecht . please note that actual bookings are the participant 's own responsibility . hotel smits * * * * , vredenburg 14 , tel # 31302331232 , fax # 31302328451 single : 180 . - , double for single : 195 . - , double 247 . - ( breakfast included ) . city centre , app . 5 minutes walk to congress site . maliehotel * * * * , maliestraat 2 , tel # 31302316424 , fax # 31302340661 single with shower / bath 150 . - / 160 . - ; double shower / bath 185 . - / 195 . - ( breakfast included ) . eastern part of town , nice quiet residental area , app . 20 minutes walk to congress site . hotel mitland * * * * , ari ? nslaan 1 , tel # 31302715824 , fax # 31302719003 single 140 . - , double 180 . - on the north-eastern outskirts of town , quiet environment , bus stop close by . tulip inn utrecht centre * * * , janskerkhof 10 , tel # 31302313169 , fax # 31302310148 single ( shower or bath ) 195 . - , double ( shower or bath ) 250 . - ( buffet breakfast included ) . city center , app . 5 minutes walk to congress site . early reservations reccommended ! hotel ibis * * * , bizetlaan 1 , tel # 31302910366 , fax # 31302942066 single / double 140 . - , breakfast 18 . - per person . west of city centre , regular buses or tram to centre city , app . 15 minutes walk to congress site . hotel de admiraal * * , admiraal van gentstraat 11 , tel # 31302758500 , fax # 31302758501 single : 135 . - , double 155 . - ( breakfast included ) . north - east of city centre , quiet residential area , app . 25 minutes walk tocongress site . hotel bunschoten * * , balijelaan 1 , tel # 31302941420 , fax # 31302961934 single : 125 . - , double 145 . - ( breakfast included ) . south - west of city centre , app . 25 minutes walk to congress site . ouwi hotel * * , fc donderstraat 12 , tel # 31302716303 , fax # 31302714619 single ( shower ) 102 . - , double ( shower ) 122 . - ( breakfast included ) . north - east of city centre , quiet residential area , app . 20 minutes walk to congress site . parkhotel eijtinger * , tolsteegsingel 34 , tel # 31302516712 , fax # 31302516712 single / double 95 . - southern edge of city centre , on canal , app . 15 minutes walk to congress site . if you need more information , do not hesitate to contact olaf koeneman ( koeneman @ let . ruu . nl ) . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * olaf koeneman * * utrecht institute of linguistics ots * * trans 10 ( room 2 . 20 ) , 3512 jk utrecht * * tel . + 31 30 253 8304 * * email : koeneman @ let . ruu . nl * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  2511,""""Subject: review : watt , phonology of intonation .
   
   watt , david l . e . 1994 . _ the phonology and semology of intonation in english : an instrumental and systemic perspective . _ bloomington : indiana university linguistics club publications . 192pp . paper . reviewed by karen steffen chung < karchung @ ccms . ntu . edu . tw > good books on intonation are not that easy to come by , in this reviewer 's opinion , but this should be considered one of them . it is not an introductory text that will take you through english intonation in a systematic way . and the book 's ostensible main thesis , which concerns the semantic interpretation of various intonation ' melodies ' , is not its primary attraction , either . what it offers is a solid collection of valuable observations , in bits and pieces , on english intonation . so i think that the best way to do justice to a book like this in a review is to simply pick out what i found to be some of the more interesting points and condense them here , without too much additional commentary . * * * * * * * * intonation as a subfield of linguistics is still wide open to pioneering work . the author describes intonation as one of the ' most puzzling and idiosyncratic ' aspects of human speech within the sphere of language as behavior , and he points out the role of intonation in the 'd ynamism of discourse ' ( from the preface ) . unlike another work in this series recently reviewed for linguist , taylor 's _ a phonetic model of intonation in english _ , this book focuses mainly on * language * as we speak and hear it , rather than on mechanical - and often difficult-to - interpret - computer models , though computer recorded and analyzed data is also used to help analyze stretches of speech in this study . watt concludes that since instrumentation is far from infallible , and the human ear can also be quite subjective in what it hears , the most reliable method is to use auditory impressions for the initial recording of data , and instrumentally collected data as a supplement . the book starts out with a useful introduction , in which terms are defined and goals set . the two sections of the main body stress the development of a phonological and semantic model of intonation , respectively . these are divided into two chapters each , entitled ( part i ) : """""""" the phonology of intonation """""""" , and """""""" tones in sequences """""""" ; and ( part ii ) : """""""" intonation and meaning """""""" , and """""""" the semantics of phonological gradience """""""" . two appendices of instrumental data from recorded speech consist of selected examples taken from halliday 's _ course in spoken english : intonation _ ( 1970 ) , and from a corpus compiled by the author . the book concludes with 14 pages of references . the data come from ' non-surreptitious ' but unmonitored , casual 'd iadic conversations ' between native speakers of ' educated standard toronto english ' - rather rare in a field where most of the works are based on british rp or standard us english . the author points out that the data are not intended to contrast with those taken from other varieties of english ; his main goal was to achieve consistency in the speech form used . among the power and distance parameters of social and personal relations , the author chooses for his data collection ' equal ' , over 's uperordinate ' and 's ubordinate ' ; ' acquainted ' , as opposed to ' intimate ' or ' foreign ' ; and ' face-to - face ' rather than 'd istance ' ( i . e . phone conversations , subject to various kinds of distortion , were excluded ) . intonation is a suprasegmental ( i . e . ' a feature whose domain extends over more than one segment ' ) feature of language , and the author adopts a _ prosodic _ ( ' the use of pitch contours to realize linguistic meaning ' ) approach in analyzing it . below follow some a few other terms as watt uses them in his study . _ tonality _ refers to the division of the message into phonological tone groups or ' information units ' ( iu ) . _ tonicity _ involves a process of locating the salient syllable in a tone group , the ' focal point of ideational meaning in the information unit ; each group must contain at least one tonic syllable , which is located at the onset of pitch movement associated with nuclear tone contour ' . _ tone _ refers to the selection of one of five simple or two compound tone contours that phonologically realize interpersonal meanings in the iu . particular tone choice can mediate speaker / hearer relations ( e . g . indicate the need for a response , change of turn , or continuation ) or mediate speaker-message relations : i . e . attitudes toward a message , such as reservation , certainty or assertion ( pp . 18-20 ) . also defined is _ paratone _ , a larger intonational unit , which cannot extend beyond a breath group ; and no larger intonational unit was found in this study . section one begins by proposing that a theory of intonation must strive to make two different kinds of descriptions , namely , ( 1 ) a phonological one , which emphasizes identification of nuclear tones and other refinements derived from instrumental analysis , and ( 2 ) a semantic description of the functional impetus responsible for motivating language behavior , which includes tone sequences , intertonal relations , paratones , and connected speech . section one concentrates on ( 1 ) . watt describes _ simple tones _ - namely ( 1 ) simple falling , ( 2 ) simple high rise ( with fall-rise option ) , and ( 3 ) low rise - and _ complex tones _ , which consist of more than one pitch movement and are naturally more complicated . these are : ( 4 ) , which occurs on the last two syllables of the final word of an utterance and reaches the top level of pitch , then falls sharply , and ( 5 ) , which consists of a rise-fall movement , with the intensity on the rise . there are also _ compound tones _ , i . e . combinations of simple tones fused into a single tone group . there are two compound tones , 1 + 3 , and 5 + 3 . watt notes that some researchers have proposed a model of intonational meaning similar to that of grammar , in which one compound tone is linked with one particular meaning or function . but intonation in fact does * not * function like this - intonation is a realization of * semantics * rather than syntax . the interpretation of intonation must be made within the context of grammar , but it is not linked element by element to the syntax . as g . brown ( only first initials are given in the references ) puts it : ' the phonological resources for signaling meaning are far fewer than the semantic functions which """""""" exploit """""""" them ' ( p . 73 ) . a notable pattern revealed by instrumental analysis of spoken data is _ downdrift _ , a declining of the fundamental frequency ( f0 ) over the span of short utterances for a wide range of languages . it oscillates between the two extremes of an equally descending and slightly narrowing bandwidth with sentence final fall and slight prolongation at the breath group boundary . the declination slope is not always constant , but it can be a series of descending plateaux , or sets of declination lines . this model is not as 's usceptible ' to errors of data interpretation as following individual nuclear tones can be ( pp . 66-71 ) . section two concentrates on developing a semantic model of intonation , i . e . providing an initial account of meaning often attributed to intonation . watt here advances his view that intonational meaning can be derived both from phonological contrasts of tone and tonicity and from the phonetic gradience characteristic of these contrasts . there is less consistency in generalizing the meaning of intonation than with a phonological description of sound substance due to ( 1 ) the nature of intonation and ( 2 ) the variety of inferences people draw from voice-related cues . as members of a speech community , we make inferences about what is meant both by what is said and how it is said . we must draw conclusions on discrete meanings from only * part * of the speech continuum ( and not include e . g . physical appearance of the speaker in our analysis ) . to deal with the semantics of intonation , you can take either a linguistic approach , in which you look at meaning * contrasts * and form-to - function correspondences , or you can take a psychological approach , in which ' polar clines ' are posited , e . g . bored vs . interested , or timid vs . confident ; watt addresses only the * linguistic * contribution of ' tonicity ' and ' tone ' ( p . 76 ff . ) . watt refers to halliday , who stresses the ideation function of intonation , how it highlights information for specific attention , i . e . given vs . new , also fresh vs . contrasted . the stressing of new information is an outcome of 's peaker assessed importance ' . the tonic of unmarked utterances will tend to fall on the last lexical item of the tone group ; this results in a broad , ' unspecified ' focus ; this focus is narrowed in a ' contrastive ' utterance ( p . 79 ) . intonation has an ' interpersonal metafunction ' by serving as a channel for linguistic expression of * attitude * , though it is not the only such channel . other channels include register and lexicon ; and sometimes certain stylistic effects can be achieved by combining incongruous linguistic content and intonations , e . g . imagine ' put that goddam pipe away ! ' uttered in a smiling , gentle tone of voice . so the listener 's perception of the speaker 's attitude may be based on two or more signals combined ( p . 87 ) . intonation adds information to disambiguate speech function . speech function is identified and interpreted through the cumulative effect of contextual , morpho-syntactic and phonological cues ( p . 91 ) . it can include competition for turns ( an initiating peak can be used for this ) , initiating a topic ( marked by an initial peak of intensity and high pitch ) , continuing ( upward drift ) , responding ( the second speaker approximates the relative pitch height of the baseline of the last utterance produced by the previous speaker , i . e . an accommodation of one speaker 's melodic pattern to that of another ) , terminating ( fall to the lowest level of the speaker 's voice range ; a termination often falls well above the baseline before its final fall ) , checking function ( conversation monitoring with sporadic checks on the status of the conversation , i . e . checking that the hearer understands , agrees on the appropriateness of what is being expressed , and is still engaged ; this is intended to elicit a response from the hearer , but usually involves no change of turn , e . g . ' is n't it ? ' , ' right ? ' , ' you know ' , ' eh ' ) , certainty ( speakers can indicate ' certainty known / absolute ' , ' certainty irrelevant / conditional ' , or ' certainty unknown / assumed ' ) . watt points out that a major difficulty of doing description of intonation is the inherently gradient characteristic of the spoken medium . there is a gradient between the linguistic and the paralinguistic , as well as a division between what constitutes a linguistic contrast and what signals a modification of the phonological cline within that contrast . watt offers a revealing quote from bolinger : ' the higher the rise , the greater the exasperation if it is a statement , the greater the surprise of curiosity if it is a question . the lower the fall the greater the certainty or finality if the utterance is a statement , and the greater the confidence if it is a question ' [ 1986 : 240 ] . that is , in watt 's own words : ' . . . the greater the degree of the rise , or the height of a given contour , the greater the strength of the contextual meaning assumed for that contour ' ( p . 109 ) . watt sums his work up nicely - and what he says could easily be applied to just about any worthy field of inquiry - in the final chapter thus : ' there is a certain fractal logic that seems to pervade the investigation of intonation . the more we magnify the field under scrutiny , in the hopes of reaching an explanation of its details , the more we find new and unexpected details in need of explanation . the deeper we probe into the next level of detail , the more difficult it becomes to extricate ourselves from its detail with a parsimonious description of the new possibilities ' ( p . 121 ) . in addition to recapping the highlights of his book in the conclusion , watt offers his vision for what his work has to contribute to the field in general , namely , a ' compatible point of departure from which to further the description of discourse ' ( p . 122 ) . he believes that accurate synthesizing of intonations may possibly add to our knowledge about our auditory perceptions , and that can also help further develop our models of synthesized speech . * * * * * * * * although the book 's basic structure is clearly set out in the section and chapter titles , the contents of each subdivision are diverse and often hard to incorporate into a coherent , linear narrative on intonation ; one must content oneself with the fragments one is able to latch onto . yet one has the feeling that much is being said in this motley collection of ideas , observations , and analyses , much more than in many other of the works on intonation available . and for this reason , the interested reader is advised to bear with the author , take notes , and enjoy the ride . this book has a rather amateurish , low-budget look , perhaps to be expected from university publications of this kind . the instrumental graphs bordered by thick black outlines and incorporated into the chapters in many places seem stuffed in a little too close to the written text , though there is no problem of clarity . the text itself is set in a relatively large serif typeface , which makes for comfortable reading , though occasionally some startlingly inconsistent type sizes turn up . new concepts ( e . g . _ paratone _ , _ concord _ ) appear in bold and are easily spotted . minor typos appear here and there . the diy look of the design is not a serious flaw , though , for anyone after unalloyed content , of which you get plenty in this book . overall , this is a worthwhile and rather refreshing book for someone seriously interested in intonation . the reader had better be ready , however , to invest a bit of work to mine it of its wealth . reviewed by karen steffen chung , department of foreign languages and literatures , national taiwan university , taipei .
  """",0
  2512,""""Subject: euralex ' 98 - keynote lectures , tutorials
   
   euralex ' 98 - european association for lexicography - 8th international congress university of liege ( belgium ) , 4 - 8 august 1998 . web site : http : / / engdep1 . philo . ulg . ac . be / euralex . htm information : amichiels @ ulg . ac . be book exhibition : please contact v . doppagne @ ulg . ac . be * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the euralex ' 98 programme committee is pleased to announce the titles of the three plenary lectures which will be read in addition to the standard parallel session papers , the workshop on dictionary use , the book exhibition and the computer demonstrations : keynote lectures : ( a ) marie - hlne corrard ( xerox research centre europe , grenoble , formerly oxford university press ) : """""""" traduire avec un dictionnaire , traduire pour un dictionnaire """""""" ( b ) anthony p . cowie ( university of leeds ) : """""""" a . s . hornby : a centenary tribute """""""" ( c ) gregory grefenstette ( xerox research centre europe , grenoble ) : """""""" the future of linguistics and lexicographers : will there be lexicographers in the year 3000 ? """""""" it is still possible to register for either of the two pre - euralex tutorials which will be organised on 4 august 1998 ( see second circular for details and fees ) : ( 1 ) creating a bilingual dictionary tutors : michela clari & jeremy butterfield ( harpercollins publishers ) ( 2 ) preparing a terminological data base tutor : alain reichling ( european commission translation service ) all relevant information ( list of parallel session papers , 1st and 2nd circulars , registration forms and fees , phone , fax and email addresses . . . ) can be found on the euralex ' 98 congress web site : http : / / engdep1 . philo . ulg . ac . be / euralex . htm for practical reasons , the local organizers ask people who intend to attend the congress to register as soon as possible if they have not yet done so . on behalf of the programme committee , thierry fontenelle
  """",0
  2513,""""Subject: computerm ' 98 workshop
   
   computerm ' 98 workshop announcement first workshop on computational terminology when : august 15 , 1998 ( just after coling-acl98 ) where : university of montreal , montreal ( quebec , canada ) http : / / tornade . ere . umontreal . ca / ~ lhommem / coling / computerm . html context the workshop provides a forum to bring together researchers from the fields of computational linguistics , terminology , automated translation , information retrieval and lexicography who share an interest in computational aspects of terminology processing : acquisition , extraction , indexing , machine-aided thesaurus building , dictionary construction , etc . registration the number of participants to the workshop is limited . it is advisable to pre-register as soon as possible : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / fees . html additional information ( travel , accomodation , tourism . . . ) see the coling-acl98 conference main page at : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / mainpage . html paper presentation schedule : ( preliminary ) august 15 , 1998 saturday - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 : 45 - - 9 : 00 opening address 9 : 00 - - 9 : 30 david hull : """""""" a practical approach to terminology alignment """""""" 9 : 30 - - 10 : 00 akiko n . aizawa , kyo kageura : """""""" an approach to the automatic generation of multilingual keywords clusters """""""" 10 : 00 - - 10 : 30 ralf brown : """""""" automatically - extracted thesauri for cross-language ir : when better is worse """""""" 10 : 30 - - 10 : 45 coffee break 10 : 45 - - 11 : 45 first poster session 11 : 45 - - 12 : 15 fidelia ibekwe - sanjuan : """""""" building a prototype system for trends survey in a knowledge extraction program """""""" 12 : 15 - - 12 : 45 anne condamines , josette reyberolle """""""" ctkb : a corpus-based approach to a terminological knowledge base """""""" 12 : 45 - - 14 : 15 lunch 14 : 15 - - 14 : 45 toru hisamitsu ; yoshiki niwa : """""""" extraction of useful terms from parenthetical expressions by using simple rules and statistical measures - - a comparative evaluation of bigram statistics """""""" 14 : 45 - - 15 : 15 paul bowden , lindsay evett , peter halstead """""""" automatic acronym acquisition in a knowledge extraction program """""""" 15 : 15 - - 15 : 45 laura davidson , judy kavanagh , kristen mackintosh , ingrid meyer , douglas skuce : """""""" semi - automatic extraction of knowledge-rich contexts from corpora : examples and issues """""""" 15 : 45 - - 16 : 00 coffee break 16 : 00 - - 17 : 00 second poster session 17 : 00 - - 17 : 30 dekang lin : """""""" extracting collocations from text corpora """""""" 17 : 30 - - 18 : 00 hiroshi nakagawa , tatsunori mori : """""""" nested collocation and compound noun for term extraction """""""" posters : ( preliminary ) lee - feng chen , min - chan chen , chun - liang chen , bo - ren bai : """""""" internet - based chinese text corpus classification and domain-specific keyterm extraction """""""" hongyan jing , evelyne tzoukerman : """""""" improving retrieval with semantics and morphology """""""" kyo kageura , masaharu yoshioka , teruo koyama , toshihiko nozue : """""""" towards a common testbed for corpus-based computational terminology """""""" diana maynard , sofia ananiadou : """""""" acquiring contextual information for term disambiguation """""""" michael p . oakes , chris d . paice : """""""" term extraction for automatic abstracting """""""" antje schmidt - wigger : """""""" building consistent terminologies """""""" hinrich schuetze : """""""" hypercondex - - a hypertext concordance as a back-of - the-rule index """""""" scientific committee khurshid ahmad ( university of surrey , uk ) sophia ananiadou ( manchester metropolitan university , manchester , uk ) peter anick ( digital equipment corporation , usa ) teresa cabre ( university pompeu fabra , barcelone , spain ) ken church ( at&t labs research , usa ) anne condamines ( cnrs , toulouse , france ) bruce croft ( university of massachusetts , usa ) ido dagan ( bar ilan university , israel ) beatrice daille ( irin nantes , france ) pascale fung ( hong kong university of science and technology , hong kong ) eric gaussier ( xerox research centre europe , france ) gregory grefenstette ( xerox research centre europe , france ) stephanie haas ( university of north carolina , usa ) benoit habert ( limsi & ens fontenay - st cloud , france ) ulrich heid ( universitaet stuttgart , stuttgart , germany ) kyo kageura ( nacsis , tokyo , japan ) judith klavans ( columbia univesity , usa ) robert krovetz ( nec research institute , usa ) robert losee ( university of north carolina , usa ) ingrid meyer ( university of ottawa , ottawa , canada ) jian - yun nie ( university of montreal , montreal , canada ) padmini srinivasan ( the university of iowa , usa ) tomek strzalkowski ( general electric company , usa ) evelyne tzoukermann , ( bell labs innovations , lucent technologies , usa ) richard wojcik ( boeing company , usa ) pierre zweigenbaum ( ap-hp & universite paris 6 , france ) workshop organizers didier bourigault ( cnrs and universite paris xiii , paris , france ) christian jacquemin ( limsi , france ) marie - claude l ' homme ( universite de montreal , montreal , canada ) mailto : db @ lli . univ-paris 13 . fr , jacquemin @ limsi . fr , lhommem @ ere . umontreal . ca
  """",0
  2514,""""Subject: 2nd ws on interlinguas
   
   second workshop on interlinguas : call for papers from text to representation : second workshop on interlinguas tuesday , october 27 , 1998 ( preceding the amta 98 conference ) sheraton bucks county hotel , langhorne , pennsylvania [ http : / / crl . nmsu . edu / events / fwoi / secondworkshop / index . html ] the focus of this workshop will be a multi-lingual text and the task of representing aspects of that text using an interlingual representation ( il ) . the format is meant to encourage concrete discussion on how ils handle particular challenges , including , but not limited to , representation of : basic predicate / argument structure noun phrases / referents proper nouns prepositional meaning non-literal language temporal relations textual organization lexical divergences syntactic divergences submitters are invited to select some aspect or section of the text , in a single language , or a language pair / set , and submit a short position paper , describing the il representation for that aspect . in addition to providing concrete il representations and terms ( ontological entities / atoms ) , submitters are encouraged to focus also on the reasons why one would choose to define these particular terms , and the justification for defining in a particular way the relations , slots , and fillers of the term . papers should define the aspect to be discussed , identify instances in the text , provide a representation for these instances , and categorize the instances according to the treatment proposed . the papers will be collected and published as the proceedings of the workshop . submission of end-to - end output of an il system ( including and identifying relevant hand-crafted elements ) is especially encouraged . submissions could also propose theoretical justification for a particular framework , in particular how the building blocks of the system work in handling an aspect of the text . the workshop itself will consist of panels organized around the representational aspects selected by the participants . the panel presentations will be supplemented by periods for general discussion and other activities . ideally , the result of the workshop will be - in some cases , a consistent set of il expressions for the various problematic issues raised by the text and - in other cases , a clearer delineation of ( 1 ) how the various problematic issues in the text are treated in different ils and ( 2 ) the fundamental differences in approach that motivate these different il treatments . a final product of the workshop will be an outline of the issues discussed in determining whether combined il approaches are possible and / or desirable . these results will provide a basis for further workshops . the multi-lingual text will be available at http : / / crl . nmsu . edu / events / fwoi / secondworkshop / text . html in glossed english , french , spanish , chinese , arabic , german , russian , persian , italian , catalan , vietnamese , malay , greek , bulgarian , tamil , and portuguese versions , as they become available . notice of interest in participation : july 10 , 1998 ( to shelmrei @ crl . nmsu . edu ) ( please identify specifically what aspect of il representation you intend to address ) position paper submission : august 10 , 1998 notifications : september 10 , 1998 final copies of papers : october 10 , 1998 workshop : october 27 , 1998 submission may be in printed or electronic form ( latex , framemaker ) , but should follow acl style sheet ( available at http : / / www . cs . columbia . edu / ~ acl / home . html ) . submissions should be sent to : stephen helmreich computing research laboratory new mexico state university po box 30001 / 3crl las cruces , nm 88003 ( usa ) phone : ( 505 ) 646-2141 fax : ( 505 ) 646-6218 e-mail : shelmrei @ crl . nmsu . edu the registration fee for the conference is $ 50 . non - presenters will be accepted on a first-come , first served basis . a copy of the registration form is available at : http : / / crl . nmsu . edu / events / fwoi / secondworkshop / registration . html
  """",0
  2515,""""Subject: esslli-99 , final call for proposals
   
   [ an html version of the call for proposals will be made available via the folli web page at http : / / www . wins . uva . nl / research / folli / . the usual apologies apply if you receive multiple copies of this message . ] eleventh european summer school in logic , language and information esslli-99 august 9-20 , 1999 , utrecht , the netherlands final call for proposals the main focus of the european summer schools in logic , language and information is the interface between linguistics , logic and computation . foundational , introductory and advanced courses together with workshops cover a wide variety of topics within six areas of interest : logic , computation , language , logic and computation , computation and language , language and logic . previous summer schools have been highly successful , attracting around 500 students from europe and elsewhere . the school has developed into an important meeting place and forum for discussion for students and researchers interested in the interdisciplinary study of logic , language and information . esslli-99 is organized under the auspices of the european association for logic , language and information ( folli ) . the esslli-99 programme committee invites proposals for foundational , introductory , and advanced courses , and for workshops for the 11th annual summer school on a wide range of topics in the following fields : logic language computation language and logic logic and computation language and computation in addition to courses and workshops there will be a student session . a call for papers for the student session will be distributed separately . the programme committee welcomes proposals in all of the above areas . proposal submission : all proposals ( subjset : esslli-99 ) should be submitted by electronic mail to the program chair , at wansing @ rz . uni-leipzig . de , in plain ascii text as soon as possible , but no later than june 15 , 1998 . authors of proposals will be notified of the committee 's decision no later than september 1 , 1998 . proposers should follow the guidelines below while preparing their submissions ; proposals that deviate substantially will not be considered . guidelines for submission : anyone interested in lecturing or organizing a workshop during esslli-99 , please read the following information carefully . foundational courses : these are really elementary courses not assuming any background knowledge . the number of foundational courses will be 4 - 6 . foundational courses are taught by 1 or max . 2 lecturers . they consist of five sessions ( a one-week course ) or ten sessions ( a two-week course ) each session lasts 90 minutes . timetable for foundational course proposal submission jun 15 , 98 : proposal submission deadline sep 1 , 98 : notification nov 15 , 98 : deadline for receipt of title , abstract , lecturer ( s ) information , course description and prerequisites jun 1 , 99 : deadline for receipt of camera-ready course material introductory courses : introductory courses are central to the activities of the summer school . they are intended to equip students and young researchers with a good understanding of a field 's basic methods and techniques , and to allow experienced researchers from other fields to acquire the key competences of neighboring disciplines , thus encouraging the development of a truly interdisciplinary research community . the introductory courses in the three basic disciplines should provide introductions to the field for non-specialists ( an introductory course on logic , for instance , should address linguists and computer scientists , not logicians ) . introductory courses in the interdisciplinary fields , on the other hand , can build on knowledge of the respective fields ( an introductory course in computational linguistics should address an audience which is familiar with the basics of linguistics and computation ) . introductory courses are taught by 1 or max . 2 lecturers . they consist of five sessions ( a one-week course ) or ten sessions ( a two-week course ) each session lasts 90 minutes . proposals for introductory courses should indicate the level of the course as compared to standard texts in the area . for ease of reference a list of standard texts will be made available electronically . timetable for introductory course proposal submission jun 15 , 98 : proposal submission deadline sep 1 , 98 : notification nov 15 , 98 : deadline for receipt of title , abstract , lecturer ( s ) information , course description and prerequisites jun 1 , 99 : deadline for receipt of camera-ready course material advanced courses : advanced courses should be pitched at an audience of advanced masters or phd students . proposals for advanced courses should specify the prerequisites in some detail . advanced courses are taught by 1 or max . 2 lecturers . they consist of five sessions ( a one-week course ) or ten sessions ( a two-week course ) each session lasts 90 minutes . timetable for advanced course proposal submissions jun 15 , 98 : proposal submission deadline sep 1 , 98 : notification nov 15 , 98 : deadline for receipt of title , abstract , lecturer ( s ) information , course description and prerequisites jun 1 , 99 : deadline for receipt of camera-ready course material workshops : the aim of the workshops is to provide a forum for advanced ph . d . students and other researchers to present and discuss their work . a workshop has a theme . at most one organizer is paid . the organizers should be specialists in the theme of the workshop and give a general introduction in the first session . they are also responsible for the programme of the workshop , i . e . , for finding speakers . each workshop organizer will be responsible for producing a call for papers for the workshop by november 15 , 1998 . the call must make it clear that the workshop is open to all members of the lli community . it should also note that all workshop contributors must register for the summer school . a workshop consists of five sessions ( a one-week workshop ) or ten sessions ( a two-week workshop ) . sessions are normally 90 min . timetable for workshop proposal submissions jun 15 , 98 : proposal submission deadline sep 1 , 98 : notification nov 15 , 98 : deadline for receipt of call for papers dec 1 , 98 : send out call for papers mar 15 , 99 : deadline for papers ( suggested ) may 1 , 99 : notification of workshop contributors ( suggested ) may 15 , 99 : deadline for provisional workshop programme jun 1 , 99 : deadline for receipt of camera-ready copy of workshop notes jun 1 , 99 : deadline for final workshop programme format for proposals : please submit your proposal in the following format : name : - - - name ( s ) of proposed lecturer ( s ) / organizer . address : - - - contact addresses of proposed lecturer ( s ) / organizer . where possible , please include phone and fax numbers . title : - - - title of proposed course / workshop . type : - - - state whether this is a workshop , an foundational course , an introductory course , or an advanced course . section : - - - which of the six sections ( language , logic , computation , logic & computation , language & computation or language & logic ) does the proposal belong to ? please just name one . description : - - - a description of the proposed contents . not more than 150 words . external - - - state whether ( and if so : how ) you will be able to find funding : external funding to subsidize your travel and accommodation expenses . further - - - any further information that is required by the above particulars : guidelines should be included here . financial aspects : prospective lecturers and workshop organizers should be aware that all teaching and organizing at the summer schools is done on a voluntary basis in order to keep the participants fees as low as possible . lecturers and organizers are not paid for their contribution , but are reimbursed for travel and accommodation . in case of two lecturers , a lump sum is paid to cover travel expenses . the splitting of the sum is up to the lecturers . ( however , please note that the organizers appreciate it if , whenever possible , lecturers / organizers find alternative funding to cover travel and accommodation expenses . ) workshop speakers are required to register for the summer school ; however , workshop speakers will be able to register at a reduced rate to be determined by the organizing committee . finally , it should be stressed that while proposals from all over the world are welcomed , the summer school can only afford to reimburse travel costs for travel from destinations within europe to utrecht . program committee : heinrich wansing ( chair ) attn : esslli-99 institute of logic and philosophy of science university of leipzig augustusplatz 9 04109 leipzig germany tel : + 49 341 9735 773 ( 770 ) or + 49 351 463 5489 fax : + 49 341 9735 798 email : wansing @ rz . uni-leipzig . de barbara partee ( language ) lev beklemishev ( logic ) ulrich furbach ( computation and logic ) alex lascarides ( language and computation ) antonio di nola ( computation ) henriette de swart ( logic and language ) organizing committee : michael moortgat ( chair ) utrecht institute of linguistics ots utrecht university trans 10 , 3512 jk utrecht the netherlands tel : + 31 30 2536043 ( secretary : + 31 30 2536006 ) fax : + 31 30 2536000 email : moortgat @ let . ruu . nl further background information : to obtain further information , please visit the web site for esslli-98 ( http : / / www . coli . uni-sb . de / esslli / ) or folli 's home page on the web ( http : / / www . wins . uva . nl / research / folli / ) .
  """",0
  2516,""""Subject: endangered languages - edinburgh , sept 98 - call for registration
   
   endangered languages - what role for the the specialist ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - edinburgh , scotland - 25-27 september 1998 call for registration the conference will provide a forum for researchers and activists working for the maintenance of indigenous languages that face an uncertain future . conference scope and aims in recent years , number of support organizations have established themselves , all aiming to mobilize research effort , popular opinion and money in defence of declining languages . the question is often raised of how these outsiders can really help the cause that they have identified . language communities must have inner strength in order to survive , or at least the will and the means to go on using their traditional tongues . outside organizations , however well-meaning , cannot supply such qualities directly . some ask whether the organizations even have the right to try to interfere . this conference , the second organized by the foundation for endangered languages , is seeking answers to one part of this question . how can language specialists , whether professional linguists , educators , media professionals or whoever , actually contribute to language maintenance ? we shall be hearing of the actual effects of professional involvement on small language communities throughout the world . we do not expect a common set of conclusions to emerge from this sharing of experience and analysis . but we shall be looking at the variety we find , and asking if it points to a good way to define the roles of the support organizations : how they can complement one another , perhaps sharing techniques , perhaps transmitting knowledge ? some themes that will be addressed : when does the professional best act as an external consultant , when as a team-player ? what are useful relations : among grammarians , lexicographers and sociolinguists ? among community-leaders , language-activists and language-scientists ? among ordinary speakers , creative users , broadcasters and publishers ? what have been great successes in specialist language work , and what motivated the people responsible ? how does local work benefit from el support organizations with a global or continental view ? is the need for technical assistance , production of materials , publicity , funding , political agitation ? should el support organizations themselves specialize ? if so how : regionally , or by function ? the dates will be 25-27 september 1998 , and the venue the pollock halls in edinburgh . there will be a preliminary volume of proceedings distributed at the conference . all presentations should be accessible in english , but there may well be use of the languages of interest , for quotation or exemplification . organizers : dr nicholas ostler - foundation for endangered languages , bath , england mrs margaret allen - foundation for endangered languages , york , england dr briony williams - university of edinburgh , scotland programme committee : akira yamamoto , andrew woodfield , anthony woodbury , tasaku tsunoda , jane simpson , mari rhydwen , jon reyhner , nicholas ostler , david nash , christopher moseley , john clews , margaret allen . intended programme friday , 25 september session 1 endangered languages : what role for the specialist ? keynote speaker : donna b . gerdts : the linguist in language revitalization programmes ( salishan , canada ) session 2 un peu d ' histoire kim hardie role of specialists : the case of flemish in belgium jens e . jahn istria : between ethnic awakening & nationalism ken mackinnon the past and future of scots gaelic ( celtic ) saturday , 26 september session 3 successful interactions mick mallon a partnership : two old men eskimo jon reyhner , gina cantoni what educators can do session 4 understanding the language from the inside louanna furbee two kinds of expert in language renewal ( siouan ) rob . bolognesi standardization : the case of sardinian v . grondona speakers and the language specialist : mocovi ( waikuruan , argentina ) session 5 annual general meeting ( foundation for endangered languages ) session 6 understanding the language from the outside diego quesada competing interpretations : what if they are wrong ? ( chibchan , costa rica ) tapani salminen minority languages in a society in turmoil ( north of russian fed . ( ural . / tungus . / turk / paleosib . ) lynn landweer indicators of vitality : labu and vanimo ( austronesian / sko , niugini ) sunday , 27 september session 7 the new role of information technology bojan petek slovenian language in the information age rc macdougall effects and defects of e - mail ( mohawk , us ) mari rhydwen strategies for doing the impossible ( australia ) session 8 taking stock h . valiquette first things first akira yamamoto language community , scientific community & mutually supported community the conference will feature social events , including a conference dinner and an expedition in the edinburgh area . there is a discount of 10 . 00 ( pounds sterling ) for registrations made before 1 july 1998 . attendees at the conference ( including speakers ) need to be paid-up members of the foundation . payment of subscriptions will be possible at the conference . registration form - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - name address for correspondence designation area ( s ) of interest phone number e - mail fax number booking option [ please choose option 1 , 2 , 3 or 4 from the list of packages below ] booking options : [ all prices in pounds sterling - uk currency ] each package includes 3 lunches / 2 dinners / tea / coffee , registration ( proceedings , conference folders , excursion ) ; for residents , it also includes 2 nights ' bed & breakfast ( 25-27 sept ) . package regular student 1 . single room , without en-suite shower 100 . 00 90 . 00 2 . single room , with en-suite shower 130 . 00 120 . 00 3 . shared double room , with en-suite shower 120 . 00 110 . 00 4 . non - resident ( meals + breaks only ) 55 . 00 45 . 00 note ; . we will try as far as possible to accommodate any special requirements you may have . please send details as early as possible about the following : special dietary requirements , partial attendance at the conference , or accommodation for more than 2 nights etc . [ for non-members ] standard unwaged [ ] please enrol me as a member of the foundation : 20 . 00 [ ] please enrol me as a member of the foundation : 10 . 00 [ enclose proof of unwaged ( e . g . student ) status . ] important : remember to deduct 10 pounds if you are paying before july 1st , 1998 ! further note : we have endeavoured to keep costs to an absolute minimum , to maximize access . however , any surplus in the fund which is paying for this will go to support our work in documentation and promotion of endangered languages . if you can , please add a donation , marking the item below . possible donation [ pounds ] please write the total amount of your payment [ pounds ] methods of payment - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 . uk cheques ( in pounds sterling ) should be made payable to : foundation for endangered languages 2 . for cheques in other currencies please add 10 % to cover bank charges . 3 . the appropriate amount may be transferred directly to : foundation for endangered languages account 50073456 . sort code 08-90 - 02 . co - operative bank , 16 st . stephen street , bristol , bs1 1jr , england 4 . to pay by by credit card [ visa / mastercard ] please complete the following name as on c / card . . . . address as on c / card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . credit card number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . c / card date of expiry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please return this form with your payment to : margaret j . allen treasurer , foundation for endangered languages 14 , newland park close , york y010 3hw england josallen @ compuserve . com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nicholas ostler managing director president linguacubun ltd foundation for endangered languages http : / / www . bris . ac . uk / depts / philosophy / ctll / fel / batheaston villa , 172 bailbrook lane bath ba1 7aa england + 44-1225 - 85-2865 fax + 44-1225 - 85-9258 nostler @ chibcha . demon . co . uk
  """",0
  2517,""""Subject: afro - asiatic languages
   
   fourth conference on afro-asiatic languages centre of african studies school of oriental & african studies london 25-27 th june 1998 invited speakers * : robert hoberman , suny john saeed , tcd baye yimam , aau * paul newman regrets that due to unforeseen circumstances he will be unable to attend as guest speaker as previously advertised . thursday , june 25 welcome by prof . r . j . hayward 09 : 00-10 : 00 robert hoberman , state university of new york : what is a binyan : maltese verb morphology 10 : 00-10 : 20 break 10 : 20-11 : 00 tali siloni , tel - aviv university : phonological case checking domain : the case of genitive 11 : 00-11 : 40 nili mandelblit , university of paris 7 : blending in hebrew causatives 11 : 40-12 : 20 mohamed naji , universities of paris x & viii : on the nature of the participial structures : the case of the semitic active participle 12 : 20 - 2 : 00 lunch 2 : 00 - 2 : 40 ruth kempson & malcolm edwards , soas & birkbeck college : resumptive pronouns in arabic & english 2 : 40 - 3 : 20 sabrina bendjaballah , university of paris 7 : some aspects of palatalization in somali 3 : 20 - 4 : 00 alain kihm , cnrs , paris : the berber construct state as subject marking 4 : 00 - 4 : 20 break 4 : 20 - 5 : 00 sharon rose , university of california - san diego : triple take : tigre and the case of internal reduplication 5 : 00 - 5 : 40 giuliano lancioni , university of rome 1 : noun phrases in amharic & standard arabic 5 : 40 - 6 : 20 hagit borer , university of southern california : the argument structure of causatives : a top - down approach 6 : 30 drinks party hosted by soas linguistics dept . friday , june 26 09 : 00-10 : 00 john saeed , trinity college dublin : 10 : 00-10 : 20 break 10 : 20-11 : 00 chris reintges , holland institute of generative linguistics : the correlation of verb movement , event semantics and subject agreement in older egyptian 11 : 00-11 : 40 david swinburne , soas : ' copular pronouns ' and the dynamics of hebrew 11 : 40-12 : 20 jamal ouhalla , queen mary & westfield , london : possession in sentences & in noun phrases 12 : 20 - 2 : 00 lunch 2 : 00 - 2 : 40 jacqueline lecarme , cnrs , nice : gender ' polarity ' and the nature of nominal number 2 : 40 - 3 : 20 james roberts , summer institute of linguistics - chad : feature spreading in mokulu noun plurals 3 : 20 - 4 : 00 mara frascarelli , university of rome 3 : long movement , """""""" that-trace """""""" effects and antiagreement in somali 4 : 00 - 4 : 20 break 4 : 20 - 5 : 00 degif petros , mit : classifying the subject agreement suffixes of semitic 5 : 00 - 5 : 40 edit doron , hebrew university , jerusalem : the passive participle in hebrew 5 : 40 - 6 : 20 business meeting 8 : 00 dinner saturday , june 27 09 : 00-10 : 00 baye yimam , addis ababa university : agreement phenomena in amharic 10 : 00-10 : 20 break 10 : 20-11 : 00 miriam engelhardt , hebrew university , jerusalem : definiteness and the construct form 11 : 00-11 : 40 shuly wintner , university of tbingen : definiteness agreement & inheritance in hebrew 11 : 40-12 : 20 melanie green , queen mary & westfield , london : the focus properties of copular sentences 12 : 20 - 2 : 00 lunch 2 : 00 - 2 : 40 ur shlonsky , university of geneva : copular constructions & subject positions in hebrew 2 : 40 - 3 : 20 philippe sgral , university of paris 7 : on phonological processes in the """""""" 3rd conjugation """""""" of somali 3 : 20 - 4 : 00 marco svolacchia & annarita pugielli , university of rome 3 : polysynthesis in east cushitic 4 : 00 - 4 : 20 break 4 : 20 - 5 : 00 abdellah chekayri & tobias scheer , al - akawayn university : the appearance of glides in classical arabic defective verbs 5 : 00 - 5 : 40 jean lowenstamm , university of paris 7 : the feminine & impersonal in chaha 5 : 40 - 6 : 20 abdelkader fassi fehri , mohammed v university : on strict adjacency in vs & nposs sequences conference site the conference * is hosted by the school of oriental and african studies . conference sessions will take place in the lower ground floor lecture theatre of the main building at soas . soas is located on the north-west corner of russell square . the nearest tube station is russell square on the piccadilly line . goodge st . on the northern line , euston square on the circle and metropolitan and euston main line station are 10 minutes walk away . * the conference is financed through the research committee of the school of oriental & african studies and the summer institute of linguistics . local committee : prof . r . j . hayward , dr . b . ingham , dr . j . ouhalla , ms . d . perrett . fees participants will be asked to pay a daily fee of 5 to cover conference expenses . accommodation accommodation will be arranged at dinwiddy house , the soas students residence , in single study bedrooms with en-suite shower , toilet and handbasin . rooms will be available from wednesday 24th june at 22 per night for bed & breakfast . please confirm your reservation as soon as possible using the accommodation form below . dinwiddy house is located on pentonville road not far from kings cross station 10-15 minutes walk from soas . participants will need to make their own way , on foot or by local transport ( 73 bus ) , to the conference site each day . details of hotel accommodation in the russell square area can be supplied on request . all correspondence should be addressed to : denise perrett , centre of african studies , school of oriental & african studies , russell square , london , wc1h 0xg tel : 0181-964 - 9141 fax : 0171-323 - 6254 e-mail : cal @ soas . ac . uk accommodation form please indicate below which accommodation options you want to take . it may also help us to know your travel plans . please complete the form and e-mail it to cal @ soas . ac . uk name : e-mail address : 1 . i wish to book bed & breakfast accommodation at dinwiddy house at 22 / twenty two pounds sterling per night ( payable on arrival ) for the following nights - 24th june yes / no 25th june yes / no 26th june yes / no 27th june yes / no 2 . i would like to receive information on hotel accommodation in the russell square area . yes / no 3 . i have made independent accommodation arrangements . yes / no 4 . i plan to travel by - airport : arrival date : arrival time : flight no : air _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ train _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 . i require information on ( other , please specify ) : travel to london ( directions designed for destination soas residence . ) arriving by air : heathrow - underground piccadilly line to king 's cross . gatwick - rail link to king 's x . luton - rail link train to king 's x . city - docklands railway & underground connections . arriving by rail : waterloo - from eurostar terminal change to underground for king 's x ( northern line to leicester square change to piccadilly for king 's x or bakerloo changing to piccadilly line at piccadilly circus ) . other main line stations - change to underground for connections to king 's x . arriving by car : directions available on request . car parking is a major problem in central london . taxis : metered cab ranks at all airports and main line stations . the walk from king 's cross station to dinwiddy house is 0 . 5 km . those with heavy luggage may prefer to take a taxi from the station .
  """",0
  2518,""""Subject: 8th international conference on functional grammar
   
   the eighth international conference on functional grammar ( icfg8 ) is being held at the vrije universiteit amsterdam ( netherlands ) from july 6th through 9th . for full details , including the conference program and abstracts of all papers , as well as information on travel and accommodation , see : http : / / www . mis . coventry . ac . uk / fgis / 8thicfg . html to register as a participant in the conference , please contact : icfg8 @ let . vu . nl lachlan mackenzie free university amsterdam
  """",0
  2519,""""Subject: special issue jetai
   
   call for papers journal of experimental and theoretical artificial intelligence special issue on memory-based language processing memory - based language processing ( mblp ) views language processing as being based on the direct reuse of previous experience rather than on the use of abstractions extracted from that experience . in such a framework , language acquisition is modeled as the storage of exemplars , and language processing as similarity-based reasoning . mblp derives from work in artificial intelligence ( case-based reasoning , memory-based reasoning , instance-based learning , lazy learning ) , linguistics ( analogical modeling ) , computational linguistics ( example-based machine translation , case-based language processing , data-oriented parsing ) , and statistical pattern recognition ( k-nn models ) . in recent research , it has been shown that the application of algorithms based on this framework leads to accurate and efficient language models in diverse language processing areas ( phonology , morphology , syntax , semantics , discourse ) . we invite theoretical papers on models , algorithms and metrics for memory-based language processing , and empirical studies comparing mblp variants to each other or to alternative non-memory - based approaches for specific language processing tasks . time table deadline for submissions : september 1 , 1998 notification date : november 1 , 1998 deadline for final versions : january 1 , 1999 special issue : summer or autumn 1999 instructions for authors : 1 . the original manuscript and three clear copies should be submitted to : walter daelemans ( guest editor ) ilk research group , computational linguistics tilburg university warandelaan 2 5037 gc tilburg building b , room 307 the netherlands + 31 13 4663070 ( phone ) + 31 13 4663110 ( fax ) walter . daelemans @ kub . nl all papers will be refereed by at least three reviewers . 2 . all papers must be in english . the entire manuscript should be typed on one side only of plain paper , either a4 or 8 . 5 x 11 inch , with double spacing used throughout . 3 . the first page of the manuscript should carry the title , the names , institutional addresses , and institutional telephone numbers of the authors , and a short title of no more than 50 characters ( including spaces ) to be used as a running head . the second page of the manuscript should carry an abstract of about 200 words . the remainder of the text should not exceed 30 double spaced pages , including references but excluding figures and tables . all figures and tables must be referred to by number in the text . 4 . an original set of professional quality figures should accompany the manuscript . line drawing may be india ink originals or glossy prints . halftone illustrations must be submitted as glossy prints . illustrations cannot be printed in color . 5 . tables should be typed on separate pages , which should accompany the text . 6 . the text should be written in third person to facilitate blind reviewing . the names of the authors or their institutions should appear only on the title page . 7 . the name-date style should be used for all references . all authors ' names should be included in the reference list . journal names should not be abbreviated . inclusive page numbers must be given for all references to articles in journals , proceedings volumes , or books . with the exception of theses or dissertations , unpublished works should not be included as references . 8 . footnotes may not be used . endnotes may be used if necessary ; they should be collected on separate sheets at the end of the text . 9 . fifty free offprints will be provided to the first author of each paper . there will be no page charges .
  """",0
  2520,""""Subject: acm sigir98 workshop on multimedia indexing and retrieval
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * note that the deadline for initial submission has been extended to june 19 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * acm sigir ' 98 post - conference workshop multimedia indexing and retrieval melbourne , australia , august 28 , 1998 call for participation background : this workshop will focus on the required functionality , techniques , and evaluation criteria for multimedia information retrieval systems . researchers have been investigating content-based retrieval from non-text sources such as images , audio and video . initially , the focus of these efforts were on content analysis and retrieval techniques tailored to a specific media ; more recently , researchers have started to combine attributes from various media . the goal of multimedia ir systems is to handle general queries such as """""""" find outdoor pictures or video of clinton and gore discussing environmental issues """""""" . answering such queries requires intelligent exploitation of both text / speech and visual content . multimedia ir is a very broad area covering both infrastructure issues ( e . g . efficient storage criteria , networking , client-server models ) and intelligent content analysis and retrieval . since this is a one-day workshop , we have chosen three focus areas in the intelligent analysis and retrieval area . about the workshop : the first focus of this workshop is on integrating information from various media sources in order to handle multimodal queries on large , diverse databases . an example of such a collection would be the www . in such cases , a query may be decomposed into a set of media queries , each involving a different indexing scheme . the interaction of various media sources that occur in the same context ( e . g . , text accompanying pictures , audio accompanying video ) is of special interest ; such interaction can be exploited in both the content analysis and retrieval phases . the second focus deals with examples of research using content and organization of multimedia information into semantic classes . users pose and expect a retrieval to provide answers to semantic questions . in practice this is difficult to achieve . building structures that encode semantic information in a fairly domain independent and robust manner is extremely difficult . a quick review of computer vision research over the last few years points to this difficulty . in many cases , image content can be used in conjunction with user interaction and domain specificity to retrieve semantically meaningful information . however , it is clear that retrieval by similarity of visual attributes when used arbitrarily cannot provide semantically meaningful information . for example , a search for a red flower by color red on a very heterogeneous database cannot be expected to yeild meaningful results . on the other hand retrieval of red flowers in a database of flowers can be achieved using color . in context therefore , examples of research using content and organization of multimedia information into semantic classes will be discussed . many systems , particularly image and video based ones require an example picture which can be used as a query ( alternatively , the user may be required to draw a picture ) . it may be unrealistic to expect an example image to be always available . thus , it would be useful to find ways of generating new queries . can nlp techniques be combined with computer vision techniques to generate such queries ? or can multimodal retrieval techniques be combined to create queries suitable for image , video and audio retrieval ? in general , a question is how can we create realistic queries for realistic systems . the third focus of this workshop is on evaluation techniques for multimedia retrieval . currently , most researchers are using the standard evaluation measures defined for text documents ; these need to be extended / modified for multimedia documents . there is also a high degree of subjectivity involved that needs to be addressed . we will focus on the following specific topics : - content analysis and retrieval from various media ( text , images , video , audio ) - interaction of modalities ( e . g . text , images ) in indexing , retrieval - effective user interfaces ( permitting query refinement etc . ) - evaluation methodologies for multimedia information . we have found that researchers pay insufficient attention to it . - techniques for relevance ranking - multimodal query formation / decomposition - logic formalisms for multimodal queries - indexing and retrieval from scanned documents - e . g extracting text from images , word spotting - as a retrieval technique for both handwritten and printed documents . - testbeds for evaluating multimodal retrieval : it would be nice to have some resource sharing here since annotating these , and coming up with a good query set are difficult participation : two types of participation are expected . those interested in making a presentation at this workshop should submit their full papers either in online postscript version or in hardcopy by regular mail to the address given below . the papers should not exceed 5 , 000 words , including figures , tables , and references . those interested in participating , but not presenting papers , should submit a statement of interest , not to exceed 500 words . this should clearly state what aspect ( s ) of the workshop reflect their research interest . these will be used to select panelists . both types of submissions are due on friday , june 5th . decisions will be made no later than friday , june 26th . in the case of paper submission , the final camera-ready papers are due on july 24th . working notes will be made available to all participants at the workshop . all the submissions should be sent to : prof . rohini k . srihari , cedar / suny at buffalo ub commons 520 lee entrance , suite 202 amherst , ny 14228 - 2583 rohini @ cedar . buffalo . edu organization : workshop chairs ( also program chairs ) rohini k . srihari , suny at buffalo ( rohini @ cedar . buffalo . edu ) zhongfei zhang , suny at buffalo ( zhongfei @ cedar . buffalo . edu ) r . manmatha , university of massachussetts ( manmatha @ cs . umass . edu ) s . ravela , university of massachussetts ( ravela @ cs . umass . edu ) program committee members : shih - fu chang ( columbia u . , usa ) david harper ( robert gordon university , u . k . ) alex hauptmann ( cmu , usa ) rakesh kumar ( sarnoff , usa ) desai narasimhalu ( isi , singapore ) candace sidner ( lotus , usa ) peter schauble ( eth , switzerland ) timetable : paper or statement of interest submission : june 5th , 1998 decision : july 19th , 1998 camera - ready paper due : july 24th , 1998 sigir conference : august 24th - 28th , 1998 workshop : august 29th , 1998 further information : further questions may be directed to the address above , or go to the web page of this workshop at http : / / www . cedar . buffalo . edu / sigir98 / mmtr . html or the sigir conference main web page at http : / / www . cs . mu . oz . au / sigir98 /
  """",0
  2521,""""Subject: 10th icehl
   
   10th international conference on english historical linguistics manchester , 21-26 august 1998 our conference website is now , apparently , fully operational again after having been wholly or partly unobtainable outside manchester for a few days , for technical reasons we do n't yet know . apologies to anyone who was inconvenienced . please let us know if there are still any problems . on the www you will find a list of plenary and ordinary papers , many of the abstracts , a * * provisional * * programme , information on workshops and associated activities , and lots of other stuff on the venue and the city . detailed travel information will be added later this month . if you have any queries , please address them to 10icehl @ man . ac . uk thank you . ( prof . ) david denison < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > organising committee , 10icehl dept of english and american studies university of manchester | manchester m13 9pl | u . k . http : / / www . art . man . ac . uk / english / projects / 10icehl . htm ( www ) 10icehl @ man . ac . uk ( e-mail ) + 44 ( 0 ) 161-275 3256 ( fax )
  """",0
  2522,""""Subject: available for review : discourse , vietnamese
   
   the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . discourse & cognitive linguistics : liebert , wolf and g . redeker and l . waugh . discourse and perspective in cognitive linguistics . john benjamins publishing co . 1997 narrative & vietnamese : daley , karen ann , ( 1998 ) vietnamese classifiers in narrative texts . summer institute of linguistics . arlington tx .
  """",0
  2523,""""Subject: coling / acl ' 98 worshop on processing of dependency - based grammars
   
   coling-acl ' 98 workshop call for papers + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + processing of dependency - based grammars + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + august 15 , 1998 universite de montreal montreal , quebec , canada http : / / tornade . ere . umontreal . ca / ~ polguera / eng / dgworkshop . html http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca this one-day workshop will be a meeting point for researchers interested in the implementation of dependency - based grammars ( dgs ) . it will be a forum for presenting different theoretical approaches to dgs , as well as strategies adopted for their implementation . although the focus of this workshop is on dgs , it also aims at establishing connections between different approaches to the modeling and implementation of grammatical phenomena . tou are invited to submit papers on the following , or related , topics : theoretical aspects - correspondence between semantic and syntactic structures ; - correspondence between syntactic structures and the surface text ; - interaction between lexical and grammatical knowledge ; - comparison between different dg approaches . implementations - natural language generation with dgs ; - parsing with dgs ; - building dependency-annotated corpora . additional issues - are """""""" pure """""""" dependency formalisms sufficient to account for all syntactic phenomena or do they need to be augmented with phrase structures ? - should dgs be considered as a simple notational variant of other types of formal grammars or are there deep reasons for adopting them ? each speaker will be given 30 minutes to present a paper followed by 15 minutes for questions / discussions . organizing committee sylvain kahane ( talana , universite paris 7 ) < sk @ ccr . jussieu . fr > alain polguere ( universite de montreal ) < polguera @ ere . umontreal . ca > requirement for submission - maximum length of 10 pages including figures and references - a4 or us letter format ; set margins so that the text lies within a rectangle of 6 . 5x9 inches ( 16 . 5x23 cm ) . - classical fonts such as times roman or computer modern , 11 to 12 points for text , 14 to 16 points for headings and title - latex users are encouraged to use the style file provided by acl : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / colaclsub . sty - papers should be submitted as hardcopies - - five ( 5 ) are required . - submissions should be sent to : alain polguere departement of linguistics and translation c . p . 6128 , succ . centre - ville montreal ( quebec ) h3c 3j7 canada deadlines - submissions due : march 15 , 1998 - notifications of acceptance : may 1 , 1998 - final manuscript due : june 15 , 1998 program comittee anne abeille ( u . paris 7 ) michael a . covington ( u . of georgia ) michel elhadad ( ben - gurion u . ) sylvain kahane ( u ; paris 7 ) dick hudson ( u . college london ) igor mel ' cuk ( u . de montreal ) alexis nasr ( u . d ' avignon ) alain polguere ( u . de montreal ) petr sgall ( charles u . ) jacques vergne ( u . de caen )
  """",0
  2524,""""Subject: typology and theory
   
   call for papers the syllable : typology and theory a conference on the representation and the typology of the syllable will be held in teubingen , germany , from june the 30th till july the 2nd 1998 . there will be 9 slots for papers . travel expenses of speakers will be partially reimbursed . in addition to the 9 open slots , there are six invited speakers : stuart davis ( indiana university ) tracy allan hall ( zentrum fuer allgemeine sprachwissenschaft , berlin ) junko ito ( university of california at santa cruz ) john mccarthy ( university of massachusetts at amherst ) armin mester ( university of california at santa cruz ) marc van oostendorp ( hil / rijksuniversiteit leiden ) . abstracts are invited which focus on the following topics : - - the status of the syllable in the phonological theory - - phonotactics - - syllable weight - - interaction between the syllables and higher prosodic constituents - - diachronic studies papers will be 45 minutes plus 15 minutes for discussion . abstract submission . abstracts may not exceed 2 pages with at least a 1 inch margin on all four sides and should use a font not smaller than 12 pt . five anonymous copies accompanied by a camera-ready original with author \ 180s name , address , and affiliation should be sent to : syllable conference seminar f \ 252r sprachwissenschaft wilhelmstrasse 113 72074 t \ 252bingen germany deadline : 31st march1998 phone : + 49-7071 - 77304 , or + 49-7071 - 77315 email : caroline . fery @ uni-tuebingen . de , or ruben . van-de - vijver @ uni-tuebingen . de ruben van de vijver universitaet tuebingen seminar fuer sprachwissenschaft wilhelmstrasse 113 72074 tuebingen germany + 49-70712977315
  """",0
  2525,""""Subject: available for review : syntax , optimality , acquisition
   
   the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . please do * not * simply point to an online cv or website , such messages will be ignored . syntax beerman , leblanc and van riemsdijk . 1997 . rightward movement . john benjamins . philadephia syntax , semantics and acquisition : crain and thornton . 1998 . investigations in universal grammar . a guide to experiments on the acquisition of syntax and semantics . mit press . cambridge . optimality and syntax barbosa , fox , hagstrom , mcginnis and pesetsky eds . 1998 . optimality and competition in syntax . mit press . cambridge .
  """",0
  2526,""""Subject: 6th dgfs - summer school : ` language typology in mainz
   
   6th dgfs - summer school 1998 : """""""" language typology """""""" from august , 31 - september , 11 1998 at the johannes gutenberg - university mainz organizers : walter bisang / bernhard hiegl the 6th summer school of the german linguistic society ( dgfs ) will take place at the johannes gutenberg - university of mainz from august , 31 to september , 11 1998 . 1 . contents - 14 courses of 2 hours a day from monday to friday - plenary lectures and discussions every day - distinguished guest speakers participation will be certified . courses : courses entitled in german will be held in german ; courses entitled in english will be held in english - auer , peter ( hamburg ) : sprachtypologie und phonologie ( language typology and phonology ) - bisang , walter ( mainz ) : grammatikalisierung ( grammaticalization ) - cinque , guglielmo ( venice ) : the syntax and typology of adverbs and tense / mood / modality / aspect - comrie , bernard ( leipzig ) : typology of reference tracking - corbett , greville ( surrey ) : typology of gender systems and number systems - croft , william ( manchester ) : typology and cognition - foley , william ( sidney ) : comparative grammar of papuan languages - haspelmath , martin ( bamberg ) : morphologische typologie ( morphological typology ) - kornfilt , jaklin ( syracuse ) : theoretical perspectives in syntactic change - lehmann , christian ( bielefeld ) : typologie des yukatekischen ( typology of yucatec ) - plank , frans and lahiri , aditi ( konstanz ) : co - variation of phonology , morphology , and syntax ? the prospects for holistic typology - siewierska , anna ( lancaster ) : word order typology : synchrony and diachrony - stassen , leon ( nijmegen ) : typology as a reductionist method - stolz , thomas ( bremen ) : sprachliche konvergenz : areale und typologie ( linguistic convergence : areals and typology ) plenary lectures : - lehmann , christian ( bielefeld ) : sprachdokumentation : ein programm ( language documentation-a programme ) - foley , william ( sidney ) : the problem of precategoriality and symmetrical voice languages in the philippines - cinque , guglielmo ( venice ) : the universal structure of the clause : adverb phrases and tam heads - lahiri , aditi ( konstanz ) : grammaticalisation in germanic - stolz , thomas ( bremen ) : komitative - global und areal ( comitatives - globally and areally ) - siewierska , anna ( lancaster ) : agreement markers vs . bound pronouns - kornfilt , jaklin ( syracuse ) : remarks on types of agreement and case : a study in the historical morphosyntax of turkic languages - comrie , bernard ( leipzig ) : typology and the history of language - stassen , leon ( nijmegen ) : black and white languages : parameter clusters from a typological and areal perspective guest speakers : - haider , hubert ( salzburg ) : sprachvergleich in der formalen linguistik ( language comparison in formal linguistics ) - johanson , lars ( mainz ) : aspekt ( aspect ) - ramat , paolo ( pavia ) : sprachliche kategorien und kategorisierungen - van der auwera , johan ( antwerpen ) : areality in language typology ( with special reference to the problem of standard average european languages ) for a detailed schedule of the summer school please look at our homepage . however , it has been determined that the courses will be assigned to three timeblocks . the planned assignments to the individual blocks look like follows : 10 : 45 - 12 : 15 auer , corbett , comrie , siewierska , haspelmath 13 : 45 - 15 : 15 cinque , croft , foley , stolz 15 : 30 - 17 : 00 bisang , kornfilt , lehmann , plank / lahiri , stassen 2 . costs students / persons without income : non-member : dm 280 / 350 * dgfs - member : dm 252 / 315 * university employees / persons with income : non-member : dm 560 / 650 * dgfs - member : dm 504 / 585 * participants from ` countries with low salaries have to pay half of the students fees . * = participants fee after june , 30 1998 . 3 . accomodation there are accomodation possibilities on campus at very reasonable prices ( approximately 100 beds ) : 1 bed in a double room : approx . dm 170 , - for 2 weeks + deposit of dm 50 , - - the assignment follows after application in chronological order of requests . mediation of hotel rooms is also possible . 4 . application / information johannes gutenberg - universitat mainz institut fur allgemeine und vergleichende sprachwissenschaft fb 14 . 20 dgfs - summer school bernhard hiegl d-55099 mainz , germany phone / fax : + + 49 ( 0 ) 6131 / 39-3980 e-mail : lingtyp @ mail . uni-mainz . de homepage : http : / / www . uni-mainz . de / ~ lingtyp ( latest information and course descriptions here ! ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  """",0
  2527,""""Subject: 2nd workshop on interlinguas cfp
   
   second workshop on interlinguas : call for papers from text to representation : second workshop on interlinguas tuesday , october 27 , 1998 ( preceding the amta 98 conference ) sheraton bucks county hotel , langhorne , pennsylvania [ http : / / crl . nmsu . edu / events / fwoi / secondworkshop / index . html ] the focus of this workshop will be a multi-lingual text and the task of representing aspects of that text using an interlingual representation ( il ) . the format is meant to encourage concrete discussion on how ils handle particular challenges , including , but not limited to , representation of : basic predicate / argument structure noun phrases / referents proper nouns prepositional meaning non-literal language temporal relations textual organization lexical divergences syntactic divergences submitters are invited to select some aspect or section of the text , in a single language , or a language pair / set , and submit a short position paper , describing the il representation for that aspect . in addition to providing concrete il representations and terms ( ontological entities / atoms ) , submitters are encouraged to focus also on the reasons why one would choose to define these particular terms , and the justification for defining in a particular way the relations , slots , and fillers of the term . papers should define the aspect to be discussed , identify instances in the text , provide a representation for these instances , and categorize the instances according to the treatment proposed . the papers will be collected and published as the proceedings of the workshop . submission of end-to - end output of an il system ( including and identifying relevant hand-crafted elements ) is especially encouraged . submissions could also propose theoretical justification for a particular framework , in particular how the building blocks of the system work in handling an aspect of the text . the workshop itself will consist of panels organized around the representational aspects selected by the participants . the panel presentations will be supplemented by periods for general discussion and other activities . ideally , the result of the workshop will be - in some cases , a consistent set of il expressions for the various problematic issues raised by the text and - in other cases , a clearer delineation of ( 1 ) how the various problematic issues in the text are treated in different ils and ( 2 ) the fundamental differences in approach that motivate these different il treatments . a final product of the workshop will be an outline of the issues discussed in determining whether combined il approaches are possible and / or desirable . these results will provide a basis for further workshops . the multi-lingual text will be available at http : / / crl . nmsu . edu / events / fwoi / secondworkshop / text . html in glossed english , french , spanish , chinese , arabic , german , russian , persian , italian , catalan , vietnamese , malay , greek , bulgarian , tamil , and portuguese versions , as they become available . notice of interest in participation : july 10 , 1998 ( to shelmrei @ crl . nmsu . edu ) ( please identify specifically what aspect of il representation you intend to address ) position paper submission : august 10 , 1998 notifications : september 10 , 1998 final copies of papers : october 10 , 1998 workshop : october 27 , 1998 submission may be in printed or electronic form ( latex , framemaker ) , but should follow acl style sheet ( available at http : / / www . cs . columbia . edu / ~ acl / home . html ) . submissions should be sent to : stephen helmreich computing research laboratory new mexico state university po box 30001 / 3crl las cruces , nm 88003 ( usa ) phone : ( 505 ) 646-2141 fax : ( 505 ) 646-6218 e-mail : shelmrei @ crl . nmsu . edu the registration fee for the conference is $ 50 . non - presenters will be accepted on a first-come , first served basis . a copy of the registration form is available at : http : / / crl . nmsu . edu / events / fwoi / secondworkshop / registration . html
  """",0
  2528,""""Subject: icgi-98 call for papers
   
   call for participation fourth international colloquium on grammatical inference ( icgi-98 ) http : / / www . cs . iastate . edu / ~ icgi98 / icgi98 . html program co - chairs : vasant honavar and giora slutzki , iowa state university july 12-14 , 1998 iowa state university ames , iowa , usa . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cosponsored at iowa state university by international institute of theoretical and applied physics complex adaptive systems group iowa computational biology laboratory artificial intelligence research laboratory department of computer science in cooperation with american association for artificial intelligence ieee systems , man , and cybernetics society acl special interest group on natural language learning - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - introduction grammatical inference , variously refered to as automata induction , grammar induction , and automatic language acquisition , refers to the process of learning of grammars and languages from data . machine learning of grammars finds a variety of applications in syntactic pattern recognition , adaptive intelligent agents , diagnosis , computational biology , systems modelling , prediction , natural language acquisition , data mining and knowledge discovery . traditionally , grammatical inference has been studied by researchers in several research communities including : information theory , formal languages , automata theory , language acquisition , computational linguistics , machine learning , pattern recognition , computational learning theory , neural networks , etc . perhaps one of the first attempts to bring together researchers working on grammatical inference for an interdisciplinary exchange of research results took place under the aegis of the first colloquium on grammatical inference held at the university of essex in united kingdom in april 1993 . this was followed by the ( second ) international colloquium on grammatical inference , held at alicante in spain , the proceedings of which were published by springer - verlag as volume 862 of the lectures notes in artificial intelligence , and the third international colloquium on grammatical inference , held at montpellier in france , the proceedings of which were published by springer - verlag as volume 1147 of the lecture notes in artificial intelligence . following the success of these events and the workshop on automata induction , grammatical inference , and language acquisition , held in conjunction with the international conference on machine learning at nashville in united states in july 1997 , the fourth international colloquium on grammatical inference will be held from july 12 through july 14 , 1998 , at iowa state university in united states . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - topics of interest the conference seeks to provide a forum for presentation and discussion of original research papers on all aspects of grammatical inference including , but not limited to : * different models of grammar induction : e . g . , learning from examples , learning using examples and queries , incremental versus non-incremental learning , distribution-free models of learning , learning under various distributional assumptions ( e . g . , simple distributions ) , impossibility results , complexity results , characterizations of representational and search biases of grammar induction algorithms . * algorithms for induction of different classes of languages and automata : e . g . , regular , context-free , and context-sensitive languages , interesting subsets of the above under additional syntactic constraints , tree and graph grammars , picture grammars , multi-dimensional grammars , attributed grammars , parameterized models , etc . * theoretical and experimental analysis of different approaches to grammar induction including artificial neural networks , statistical methods , symbolic methods , information-theoretic approaches , minimum description length , and complexity-theoretic approaches , heuristic methods , etc . * broader perspectives on grammar induction - - e . g . , acquisition of grammar in conjunction with language semantics , semantic constraints on grammars , language acquisition by situated agents and robots , acquisition of language constructs that describe objects and events in space and time , developmental and evolutionary constraints on language acquisition , etc . * demonstrated or potential applications of grammar induction in natural language acquisition , computational biology , structural pattern recognition , information retrieval , text processing , adaptive intelligent agents , systems modelling and control , and other domains . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - program committee technical program chairs : vasant honavar and giora slutzki , iowa state university , usa . technical program committee : r . berwick , mit , usa a . brazma , european bioinformatics institute , cambridge , uk . m . brent , johns hopkins university , usa c . cardie , cornell university , usa w . daelemans , tilburg university , netherlands d . dowe , monash university , australia p . dupont , university jean monnet at st . etienne , france . d . estival , university of melbourne , australia j . feldman , international computer science institute , berkeley , usa l . giles , nec research institute , princeton , usa j . gregor , university of tennessee , usa c . de la higuera , university jean monnet at st . etienne , france a . itai , technion , israel t . knuutila , university of turku , finland j . koza , stanford university , usa k . lang , nec research institute , princeton , usa . m . li , university of waterloo , canada e . makinen , university of tampere , finland l . miclet , enssat , lannion , france . g . nagaraja , indian institute of technology , bombay , india h . ney , university of technology , aachen , germany j . nicolas , irisa , france r . parekh , allstate research and planning center , menlo park , usa l . pitt , university of illinois at urbana - champaign , usa d . powers , flinders university , australia l . reeker , national science foundation , usa y . sakakibara , tokyo denki university , japan . c . samuelsson , lucent technologies , usa a . sharma , university of new south wales , australia . e . vidal , u . politecnica de valencia , spain - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - local arrangements committee dale grosvenor , iowa state university , usa . k . balakrishnan , iowa state university , usa . r . bhatt , iowa state university , usa j . yang , iowa state university , usa . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - invited papers 1 . j . feldman , international computer science institute and university of california , berkeley , ca , usa . topic : natural language acquisition ( exact title to be announced ) . 2 . a . brazma , european bioinformatics institute , cambridge . topic : pattern discovery in biosequences . ( exact title to be announced ) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tutorial ( s ) 1 . kolmogorov complexity and its applications , jack lutz , iowa state university . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - list of accepted papers 1 . stochastic regular tree language inference , rafael c . carrasco , jose oncina and jorge calera 2 . the data driven approach applied to the ostia algorithm , jose oncina 3 . approximate learning of random subsequential transducers , antonio castellanos 4 . how considering incompatible state mergings may reduce the dfa induction search tree , francois coste and jacques nicolas 5 . learning regular grammars to model musical style : comparing different coding schemes , p . p . cruz - alcazar and e . vidal - ruiz 6 . using symbol clustering to improve probabilistic automaton inference , pierre dupont and lin chase 7 . learning a subclass of context - free languages j . emerald , k . subramanian , and d . thomas 8 . learning a determinisitic finite automaton with a recurrent neural network , l firoiu , t oates , and p r cohen 9 . learning feature - based phrase - structure rules with the grammar inference tool , b . geistert 10 . learning stochastic finite automata from experts , colin de la higuera . 11 . a stochastic search approach to grammar induction hugues juille and jordan pollack 12 . grammar model and grammar induction in the system nl page , keselj 13 . results of the abbadingo one dfa learning competition and a new evidence driven state merging algorithm k . j . lang , b . a . pearlmutter and r . price 14 . transducer - learning experiments on language understanding pics and e . vidal 15 . learning k-variable pattern languages efficiently stochastically finite on average from positive data peter rossmanith and thomas zeugmann 16 . locally threshold testable languages in strict sense : application to the inference problem , jose ruiz , salvador espana , and pedro garcia 17 . grammatical inference in document recognition , saidi , tayeb - bey 18 . learning a subclass of linear languages from positive structural information , jose sempere and g . nagaraja 19 . why meaning helps learning syntax , isabelle tellier 20 . a performance evaluation of automatic survey classifiers , viechnicki 21 . applying grammatical inference by learning a language model for oral dialogue jacques chodorowski and laurent miclet 22 . a polynomial time incremental algorithm for learning dfa , r . parekh , c . nichitu , v . honavar - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - conference format and proceedings the conference will include oral and possibly poster presentations of accepted papers , a small number of tutorials and invited talks . all accepted papers will appear in the conference proceedings to be published by springer - verlag as a volume in the lecture notes in artificial intelligence which is part of the springer - verlag lecture notes in computer science series . instructions for preparation of camera - ready versions of accepted and invited papers for publication - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - financial support limited financial support might be available , subject to the availability of funds , for : * scientists ( especially junior researchers ) from developing countries , especially for those who can find other sources of support for extended visit at a us institution * graduate students and postdocs from us institutions additional details will be posted as they become available . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - for additional details , see http : / / www . cs . iastate . edu / ~ icgi98 / icgi98 . html
  """",0
  2529,""""Subject: conf : computerm workshop at coling-acl ' 98
   
   computerm ' 98 workshop announcement first workshop on computational terminology when : august 15 , 1998 ( just after coling-acl98 ) where : university of montreal , montreal ( quebec , canada ) http : / / tornade . ere . umontreal . ca / ~ lhommem / coling / computerm . html context the workshop provides a forum to bring together researchers from the fields of computational linguistics , terminology , automated translation , information retrieval and lexicography who share an interest in computational aspects of terminology processing : acquisition , extraction , indexing , machine-aided thesaurus building , dictionary construction , etc . registration the number of participants to the workshop is limited . it is advisable to pre-register as soon as possible : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / fees . html additional information ( travel , accomodation , tourism . . . ) see the coling-acl98 conference main page at : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / mainpage . html paper presentation schedule : ( preliminary ) august 15 , 1998 saturday - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 : 45 - - 9 : 00 opening address 9 : 00 - - 9 : 30 david hull : """""""" a practical approach to terminology alignment """""""" 9 : 30 - - 10 : 00 akiko n . aizawa , kyo kageura : """""""" an approach to the automatic generation of multilingual keywords clusters """""""" 10 : 00 - - 10 : 30 ralf brown : """""""" automatically - extracted thesauri for cross-language ir : when better is worse """""""" 10 : 30 - - 10 : 45 coffee break 10 : 45 - - 11 : 45 first poster session 11 : 45 - - 12 : 15 fidelia ibekwe - sanjuan : """""""" building a prototype system for trends survey in a knowledge extraction program """""""" 12 : 15 - - 12 : 45 anne condamines , josette reyberolle """""""" ctkb : a corpus-based approach to a terminological knowledge base """""""" 12 : 45 - - 14 : 15 lunch 14 : 15 - - 14 : 45 toru hisamitsu ; yoshiki niwa : """""""" extraction of useful terms from parenthetical expressions by using simple rules and statistical measures - - a comparative evaluation of bigram statistics """""""" 14 : 45 - - 15 : 15 paul bowden , lindsay evett , peter halstead """""""" automatic acronym acquisition in a knowledge extraction program """""""" 15 : 15 - - 15 : 45 laura davidson , judy kavanagh , kristen mackintosh , ingrid meyer , douglas skuce : """""""" semi - automatic extraction of knowledge-rich contexts from corpora : examples and issues """""""" 15 : 45 - - 16 : 00 coffee break 16 : 00 - - 17 : 00 second poster session 17 : 00 - - 17 : 30 dekang lin : """""""" extracting collocations from text corpora """""""" 17 : 30 - - 18 : 00 hiroshi nakagawa , tatsunori mori : """""""" nested collocation and compound noun for term extraction """""""" posters : ( preliminary ) lee - feng chen , min - chan chen , chun - liang chen , bo - ren bai : """""""" internet - based chinese text corpus classification and domain-specific keyterm extraction """""""" hongyan jing , evelyne tzoukerman : """""""" improving retrieval with semantics and morphology """""""" kyo kageura , masaharu yoshioka , teruo koyama , toshihiko nozue : """""""" towards a common testbed for corpus-based computational terminology """""""" diana maynard , sofia ananiadou : """""""" acquiring contextual information for term disambiguation """""""" michael p . oakes , chris d . paice : """""""" term extraction for automatic abstracting """""""" antje schmidt - wigger : """""""" building consistent terminologies """""""" hinrich schuetze : """""""" hypercondex - - a hypertext concordance as a back-of - the-rule index """""""" scientific committee khurshid ahmad ( university of surrey , uk ) sophia ananiadou ( manchester metropolitan university , manchester , uk ) peter anick ( digital equipment corporation , usa ) teresa cabre ( university pompeu fabra , barcelone , spain ) ken church ( at&t labs research , usa ) anne condamines ( cnrs , toulouse , france ) bruce croft ( university of massachusetts , usa ) ido dagan ( bar ilan university , israel ) beatrice daille ( irin nantes , france ) pascale fung ( hong kong university of science and technology , hong kong ) eric gaussier ( xerox research centre europe , france ) gregory grefenstette ( xerox research centre europe , france ) stephanie haas ( university of north carolina , usa ) benoit habert ( limsi & ens fontenay - st cloud , france ) ulrich heid ( universitaet stuttgart , stuttgart , germany ) kyo kageura ( nacsis , tokyo , japan ) judith klavans ( columbia univesity , usa ) robert krovetz ( nec research institute , usa ) robert losee ( university of north carolina , usa ) ingrid meyer ( university of ottawa , ottawa , canada ) jian - yun nie ( university of montreal , montreal , canada ) padmini srinivasan ( the university of iowa , usa ) tomek strzalkowski ( general electric company , usa ) evelyne tzoukermann , ( bell labs innovations , lucent technologies , usa ) richard wojcik ( boeing company , usa ) pierre zweigenbaum ( ap-hp & universite paris 6 , france ) workshop organizers didier bourigault ( cnrs and universite paris xiii , paris , france ) christian jacquemin ( limsi , france ) marie - claude l ' homme ( universite de montreal , montreal , canada ) mailto : db @ lli . univ-paris 13 . fr jacquemin @ limsi . fr lhommem @ ere . umontreal . ca
  """",0
  2530,""""Subject: new linguistics journal - syntaxis
   
   announcement and call for papers january 1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - syntaxis new international journal for the study of syntax editor : montserrat martinez vazquez ( university of huelva , spain ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - in 1998 the university of huelva press will start publishing a new international journal : syntaxis . syntaxis will be a forum to report results of research in the area of syntax . it will accept for publication high-quality papers following any approach to syntax - - functionalist or formalist . both synchronic and diachronic studies will be accepted , as well as analyses of one particular language or cross-linguistic studies . papers dealing with the acquisition of syntax will also be considered for publication . one of the goals of this journal is to serve as a medium for the transaction of ideas between linguists working within different theoretical frameworks . thus , honoring its greek name syntaxis which means """""""" putting together . """""""" further ideas for the journal are welcome from all members of the international community of syntax scholars . post it please help to make this new journal known to others by forwarding this message to colleagues and / or by posting it on the mailing lists or discussion groups you subscribe to . call for papers please send in your contributions ( preferably in english ) to the editor by the end of november 1998 . for further information , contact the editor , or visit the journal 's web page : montserrat martinez editor of syntaxis servicio de publicaciones de la universidad de huelva av . de las fuerzas armadas s / n e - 21007 huelva montse @ uhu . es http : / / philologia . uhu . es / philologia / revistas / syntaxis / framesyn . htm
  """",0
  2531,""""Subject: new books : bilingualism
   
   john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new titles in the field of language acquisition : government and code switching explaining american finnish helena halmari 1997 xvi , 276 pp . studies in bilingualism , 12 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 546 x price : us $ 89 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 4118 x price : hfl . 178 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com bilingual codeswitching is a complex , multifaceted phenomenon , which calls for explanations on several different linguistic levels . this volume focuses on one such level : the level of syntax . an explanation for the regularities and consistencies in the codeswitching patterns of american finns in their spontaneous conversations is sought for in the universal grammar - based principle of government as realized in case-assignment and agreement relations . a bulk of the finnish - english intrasentential data get their explanation on the structural , hierarchical level , but this level of syntax is found to be interestingly intertwined with sociolinguistic , psycholinguistic , and discourse levels , which all contribute to variation in codeswitching patterns . the proposed principle of government is seen as one important explanation in typologically certain kinds of language pairs such as finnish and english ; however , this principle is not treated as a monolithic constraint , bur rather as the leading tendency which is occasionally overridden by other than syntactic forces . the volume is intended as a complement - not as a contradiction - to earlier explanations of codeswitching phenomena . its main message is : while all linguistic levels contribute to the construction of bilingual speech , the importance of syntax can not be ignored . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
  """",0
  2532,""""Subject: afro - asiatic languages
   
   fourth conference on afro-asiatic languages centre of african studies school of oriental & african studies london 25-27 th june 1998 invited speakers * : robert hoberman , suny john saeed , tcd baye yimam , aau * paul newman regrets that due to unforeseen circumstances he will be unable to attend as guest speaker as previously advertised . thursday , june 25 welcome by prof . r . j . hayward 09 : 00-10 : 00 robert hoberman , state university of new york : what is a binyan : maltese verb morphology 10 : 00-10 : 20 break 10 : 20-11 : 00 tali siloni , tel - aviv university : phonological case checking domain : the case of genitive 11 : 00-11 : 40 nili mandelblit , university of paris 7 : blending in hebrew causatives 11 : 40-12 : 20 mohamed naji , universities of paris x & viii : on the nature of the participial structures : the case of the semitic active participle 12 : 20 - 2 : 00 lunch 2 : 00 - 2 : 40 ruth kempson & malcolm edwards , soas & birkbeck college : resumptive pronouns in arabic & english 2 : 40 - 3 : 20 sabrina bendjaballah , university of paris 7 : some aspects of palatalization in somali 3 : 20 - 4 : 00 alain kihm , cnrs , paris : the berber construct state as subject marking 4 : 00 - 4 : 20 break 4 : 20 - 5 : 00 sharon rose , university of california - san diego : triple take : tigre and the case of internal reduplication 5 : 00 - 5 : 40 giuliano lancioni , university of rome 1 : noun phrases in amharic & standard arabic 5 : 40 - 6 : 20 hagit borer , university of southern california : the argument structure of causatives : a top - down approach 6 : 30 drinks party hosted by soas linguistics dept . friday , june 26 09 : 00-10 : 00 john saeed , trinity college dublin : 10 : 00-10 : 20 break 10 : 20-11 : 00 chris reintges , holland institute of generative linguistics : the correlation of verb movement , event semantics and subject agreement in older egyptian 11 : 00-11 : 40 david swinburne , soas : ' copular pronouns ' and the dynamics of hebrew 11 : 40-12 : 20 jamal ouhalla , queen mary & westfield , london : possession in sentences & in noun phrases 12 : 20 - 2 : 00 lunch 2 : 00 - 2 : 40 jacqueline lecarme , cnrs , nice : gender ' polarity ' and the nature of nominal number 2 : 40 - 3 : 20 james roberts , summer institute of linguistics - chad : feature spreading in mokulu noun plurals 3 : 20 - 4 : 00 mara frascarelli , university of rome 3 : long movement , """""""" that-trace """""""" effects and antiagreement in somali 4 : 00 - 4 : 20 break 4 : 20 - 5 : 00 degif petros , mit : classifying the subject agreement suffixes of semitic 5 : 00 - 5 : 40 edit doron , hebrew university , jerusalem : the passive participle in hebrew 5 : 40 - 6 : 20 business meeting 8 : 00 dinner saturday , june 27 09 : 00-10 : 00 baye yimam , addis ababa university : agreement phenomena in amharic 10 : 00-10 : 20 break 10 : 20-11 : 00 miriam engelhardt , hebrew university , jerusalem : definiteness and the construct form 11 : 00-11 : 40 shuly wintner , university of tbingen : definiteness agreement & inheritance in hebrew 11 : 40-12 : 20 melanie green , queen mary & westfield , london : the focus properties of copular sentences 12 : 20 - 2 : 00 lunch 2 : 00 - 2 : 40 ur shlonsky , university of geneva : copular constructions & subject positions in hebrew 2 : 40 - 3 : 20 philippe sgral , university of paris 7 : on phonological processes in the """""""" 3rd conjugation """""""" of somali 3 : 20 - 4 : 00 marco svolacchia & annarita pugielli , university of rome 3 : polysynthesis in east cushitic 4 : 00 - 4 : 20 break 4 : 20 - 5 : 00 abdellah chekayri & tobias scheer , al - akawayn university : the appearance of glides in classical arabic defective verbs 5 : 00 - 5 : 40 jean lowenstamm , university of paris 7 : the feminine & impersonal in chaha 5 : 40 - 6 : 20 abdelkader fassi fehri , mohammed v university : on strict adjacency in vs & nposs sequences conference site the conference * is hosted by the school of oriental and african studies . conference sessions will take place in the lower ground floor lecture theatre of the main building at soas . soas is located on the north-west corner of russell square . the nearest tube station is russell square on the piccadilly line . goodge st . on the northern line , euston square on the circle and metropolitan and euston main line station are 10 minutes walk away . * the conference is financed through the research committee of the school of oriental & african studies and the summer institute of linguistics . local committee : prof . r . j . hayward , dr . b . ingham , dr . j . ouhalla , ms . d . perrett . fees participants will be asked to pay a daily fee of 5 to cover conference expenses . accommodation accommodation will be arranged at dinwiddy house , the soas students residence , in single study bedrooms with en-suite shower , toilet and handbasin . rooms will be available from wednesday 24th june at 22 per night for bed & breakfast . please confirm your reservation as soon as possible using the accommodation form below . dinwiddy house is located on pentonville road not far from kings cross station 10-15 minutes walk from soas . participants will need to make their own way , on foot or by local transport ( 73 bus ) , to the conference site each day . details of hotel accommodation in the russell square area can be supplied on request . all correspondence should be addressed to : denise perrett , centre of african studies , school of oriental & african studies , russell square , london , wc1h 0xg tel : 0181-964 - 9141 fax : 0171-323 - 6254 e-mail : cal @ soas . ac . uk accommodation form please indicate below which accommodation options you want to take . it may also help us to know your travel plans . please complete the form and e-mail it to cal @ soas . ac . uk name : e-mail address : 1 . i wish to book bed & breakfast accommodation at dinwiddy house at 22 / twenty two pounds sterling per night ( payable on arrival ) for the following nights - 24th june yes / no 25th june yes / no 26th june yes / no 27th june yes / no 2 . i would like to receive information on hotel accommodation in the russell square area . yes / no 3 . i have made independent accommodation arrangements . yes / no 4 . i plan to travel by - airport : arrival date : arrival time : flight no : air _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ train _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 . i require information on ( other , please specify ) : travel to london ( directions designed for destination soas residence . ) arriving by air : heathrow - underground piccadilly line to king 's cross . gatwick - rail link to king 's x . luton - rail link train to king 's x . city - docklands railway & underground connections . arriving by rail : waterloo - from eurostar terminal change to underground for king 's x ( northern line to leicester square change to piccadilly for king 's x or bakerloo changing to piccadilly line at piccadilly circus ) . other main line stations - change to underground for connections to king 's x . arriving by car : directions available on request . car parking is a major problem in central london . taxis : metered cab ranks at all airports and main line stations . the walk from king 's cross station to dinwiddy house is 0 . 5 km . those with heavy luggage may prefer to take a taxi from the station .
  """",0
  2533,""""Subject: third international icsc symposia
   
   third international icsc symposia on intelligent industrial automation ( iia ' 99 ) http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca / iia99 . htm and soft computing ( soco ' 99 ) http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca / soco99 . htm june 1 - 4 , 1999 at the palazzo ducale in genova , italy introduction the international symposia on intelligent industrial automation ( iia ' 99 ) and soft computing ( soco ' 99 ) intend to encompass short-to - long-term effects of advanced information technology , soft computing and other related ' intelligent technolgies ' in application fields such as industrial automation , control , diagnostics , computer vision , robotics , speech recognition and machine translation . the general aim of the symposia is to address and underline the existing and emerging relationships between automation , manufacturing and intelligent technolgies , with particular emphasis on soft computing . contributions are sought on intelligent automation and manufacturing with emphasis on current and potential applications , with a broad interest in all the engineering disciplines , computer science and related technology fields . following the success of iia / soco ' 96 ( reading , england ) and iia / soco ' 97 ( nmes , france ) , the third symposium will be held in genova , italy . the iia / soco series have established themselves as a platform for scientists and practitioners from academic , governmental and industrial institutions to discuss new developments and results in the field of intelligent technologies . a further follow-up conference has already been scheduled for the year 2001 in paisley , scotland . purpose of iia ' 99 and soco ' 99 advances in soft computing and related techniques : theory and applications . ait ( advanced information technology ) is one of the major technological drivers in the advancement of modern society . nowadays any major achievement , related to any field of research , is strongly supported by proper ait based tools . very often , such achievements have only been possible after a proper ait approach has been designed and implemented . it is widely known that ait has a very strong impact on society itself , radically changing the skills and competencies required in order to contribute to the everyday human environment . given that nowadays the major effort in ait development is spent in the so called ' soft - computing ' arena and that some of the major and indeed , surprising , achievements in industrial applications come from the application of soft-computing techniques , the two symposia ( iia ' 99 and soco ' 99 ) will have many common areas of interest , namely : - neural networks - fuzzy logic - genetic algorithms - chaos theory - ai and expert systems - machine learning - pattern recognition and image understanding the programs of the two conferences will , however , reflect different themes : - iia ' 99 will be directed toward the medium-to - short term , application driven , research area in intelligent technologies . - soco ' 99 is directed toward the long term research in area of soft computing in order to try to overcome the usual borderline existing between theory and application , the two symposia are run jointly , organized in a way to have partial overlap with some joint sessions and some common plenary sessions . aim of iia ' 99 / soco ' 99 1 . to give both a wide and a deep view of advances in ait advancement offered by soft-computing technologies . 2 . to give both the industrial and academic researcher the opportunity to discuss together real problems and opportunities . 3 . to collect ' best practice ' and information on how to perform experiments , tests and design products and processes embedding and / or using soft-computing technologies . 4 . to explicitly and actively function as a ' technology broker ' , giving the opportunity for people to become aware of new problems and possible solutions and giving the possibility of finding technological partners for joint research and / or future application programs . topics of iia ' 99 iia ' 99 will include contributions in the research area of soft computing application and , more in general , related to medium-to - short term and application driven developments advanced information technology and industrial intelligent technology . particular emphasis will be laid on industrial realization , experimental application , application methodology development and / or formalization , quantitative and qualitative problem modeling . contributions are sought mainly in the areas based on the list below : a ) industrial area - industry - energy - transportation - services - consumer - etc . b ) high - tech area - innovative control and diagnostics - computer vision - robotics and remote sensing - speech recognition and machine translation - etc . c ) green - tech area - intelligent resource management - intelligent pollutant management - user behavior modeling - intelligent traffic control - etc . topics of soco ' 99 soco ' 99 will include contributions on long term research ( theory development , enhanced approaches , formal methods comparisons , applications , etc . ) in the area of soft-computing . contributions are sought in areas based on the list below , which is indicative only . - neural networks - fuzzy logic - rough sets - genetic algorithms and evolutionary computing - chaos theory - ai and expert systems - probabilistic reasoning - machine learning - learning algorithms and intelligent control - pattern recognition and image understanding - distributed intelligence - self - organizing systems - fuzzy databases and information retrieval - educational aspects of soft computing special session a special session on ' intelligent systems in control and process optimization ' including a plenary lecture is sponsored by the ifs network and organized by alberto servida , italy . contributions are welcome . conference location the symposia will be held at the palazzo ducale , a beautiful historic building in the city centre of genova , italy sponsors iia ' 99 and soco ' 99 are sponsored by : - ansaldo s . p . a . - disi - department of computer and information sciences at the university of genoa , italy - commune di genova , italy - university of genova , italy - cybernetics and biophysics national group of the national research council - ieee neural network council italian regional interest group - international neural networks society and inns special interest group italy - thematic network ifs ( intelligent forecasting system for refineries and power systems ) - icsc international computer science conventions , canada / switzerland iia ' 99 symposium committee - honorary chair yutaka kuwahara , r & d centre , hitachi europe ltd . - symposium chair riccardo parenti , ansaldo ricerche , genova , italy - symposium vice chair colin fyfe , university of paisley , scotland , u . k . - scientific secretary carla penno , ansaldo ricerche , genova , italy - international scientific committee roberto baratti , italy zeungnam bien , korea piero bonissone , usa pierre borne , france hans - heinrich bothe , switzerland / germany abhay bulsari , finland daniele caviglia , italy vincent chapurlat , france raja chatila , france richard d . colbaugh , usa anna maria colla , italy clarence w . de silva , canada h . a . donegan , u . k . jos r . dorronsorro , spain patrick gallinari , france edoardo gilardi , italy madan m . gupta , canada henry h . hexmoor , usa r . j . howlett , u . k charles mclean , usa antony a . maciejewski , usa janine magnier , france franco masulli , italy fazel naghdy , australia saeid nahavandi , australia charles c . nguyen , usa david pearson , france duc t . pham , u . k . brian roffel , netherlands alberto servida , italy peter vas , u . k . leonello zaquini , italy jacek m . zurada , usa soco ' 99 symposium committee - honorary chair antonio di nola , university di napoli federico ii , naples , italy - symposium chair francesco masulli , university of genoa , italy - symposium vice chair colin fyfe , university of paisley , scotland , u . k . - international scientific committee henry abarbanel , usa ethem alpaydin , turkey peter g . anderson , usa valeriu beiu , usa gerardo beni , usa franco bignone , italy freimut bodendorf , germany andrej dobnikar , slovenia marco dorigo , belgium gerard dray , france marco gori , italy hans hellendoorn , netherlands laszlo koczy , hungary mohammad jamshidi , usa james keller , usa bart kosko , usa ludmila kuncheva , u . k . franz kurfess , usa sadaaki miyamoto , japan claudio moraga , germany pietro morasso , italy francesco carlo morabito , italy david w . pearson , france rjean plamondon , canada henrik saxen , finland george d . smith , u . k . nigel steele , u . k . leonard studer , switzerland yoshinori uesaka , japan call for papers prospective authors are requested to send a draft paper ( maximum 7 pages ) for review by the international scientific committee . all submissions must be written in english , starting with a succinct statement of the problem , the results achieved , their significance and a comparison with previous work , as well as a list of references . the submissions should also include : - title of conference ( soco ' 99 or iia ' 99 ) - type of paper ( regular , demonstration , tutorial or invited ) - title of proposed paper - authors names , affiliations , addresses - name of author to contact for correspondence - e - mail address and fax # of contact author - topics which best describe the paper ( max . 5 keywords ) - short c . v . of authors contributions are welcome from those working in industry and having experience in the topics of this symposium as well as from academics . symposium language is english . invited sessions , tutorial papers , demonstrations and contributions to the special session on ' intelligent systems in control and process optimization ' are also encouraged . submission of papers submissions must be sent by september 10 , 1998 either by - electronic mail ( recommended ) to operating @ icsc . ab . ca ( text , postscript or word files ) or - fax to icsc canada + 1-403 - 387-4329 or - airmail ( 2 copies ) to : icsc canada p . o . box 279 millet , ab t0c 1z0 canada important dates submission of draft papers : september 10 , 1998 notification of acceptance : november 30 , 1998 delivery of final papers : january 31 , 1999 tutorials and workshops : june 1 , 1999 iia ' 99 / soco ' 99 symposia : june 2 - 4 , 1999 further information for more detailed information , please consult the following websites : - iia ' 99 : http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca / iia99 . htm - soco ' 99 : http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca / soco99 . htm or forward any questions to the conference organizer mailto : operating @ icsc . ab . ca conference organizer icsc international computer science conventions p . o . box 279 millet , alberta t0c 1z0 canada email : mailto : operating @ icsc . ab . ca url : http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca fax : + 1-403 - 387-4329 ( after january 25 , 1999 : + 1-780 - 387-4329 ) phone : + 1-403 - 387-3546 ( after january 25 , 1999 : + 1-780 - 387-3546 )
  """",0
  2534,""""Subject: 1999 genetic and evolutionary computation
   
   invitation to become a member of the program committee for the 1999 genetic and evolutionary computation conference ( gecco-99 ) http : / / www-illigal . ge . uiuc . edu / gecco / greetings : the 1999 genetic and evolutionary computation conference ( gecco ) would like to invite recent authors of papers related to genetic and evolutionary computation ( gec ) to become members of the program committee of the gecco conference to be held on july 13-17 , 1999 in orlando , florida . as you may know , the 1999 genetic and evolutionary computation conference ( gecco ) will be a combined meeting of the eighth international conference on genetic algorithms ( icga ) and the fourth annual genetic programming conference ( gp ) in cooperation with the american association for artificial intelligence ( aaai ) , parallel problem solving from nature ( ppsn ) steering committee , the international conference on evolvable systems ( ices ) steering committee , and other organizations and conferences to be announced . gecco will be held in lieu of icga-99 and gp-99 , and as such , it combines the oldest continuously running gec conference , and the two largest gec conferences . we believe that the gecco conference in 1999 will be a unique opportunity to bring together an exceptionally large number of people from all facets of genetic and evolutionary computation . being on the program committee will involve reading , reviewing , and ranking about half a dozen submitted papers on genetic and evolutionary computation or related areas during the month of february 1999 . ( the paper submission deadline for gecco-99 is wednesday , january 27 , 1999 ) . the willingness of active contributors to help the conference in this way is absolutely critical to the success of gecco . in the past , some have complained that their point of view has been excluded from the review process . by agreeing to join us , active gec researchers will help make the gecco review process fair , open , and broadly participatory . as part of the charter establishing this conference , extraordinary steps have been taken to ensure that ( 1 ) review representation is exceptionally broad and ( 2 ) the traditions , norms , and standards of the different flavors of gec are respected . let us take a brief moment to explain how this will be done . first , the charter of the conference says that reviewers are automatically invited based on their recent contribution of a peer-reviewed publication : a person may be a reviewer for the conference if he or she is an author of at least one peer-reviewed paper in a journal , conference proceedings book , or collected book of papers published since january 1 , 1995 involving any aspect or combinations of aspects of [ genetic and ] evolutionary computation . thus , becoming a reviewer is even-handedly based on recency of peer-reviewed contribution . second , gecco explicitly recognizes and respects the different traditions of different sub-fields within gec and related disciplines . as such , the conference has established six different tracks each with its own chair / editor : 1 . evolution strategies / evolutionary programming ( es / ep ) . a . e . eiben , gusz @ wi . leidenuniv . nl 2 . genetic algorithms / classifier systems ( ga / cs ) . robert e . smith , rsmith @ btc . uwe . ac . uk 3 . genetic programming / evolvable hardware ( gp / eh ) . wolfgang banzhaf ( also proceedings editor - in - chief ) , banzhaf @ ls11 . informatik . uni-dortmund . de 4 . artificial life , adaptive behavior , and agents ( aaa ) . vasant honavar , honavar @ cs . iastate . edu 5 . dna and molecular computing ( dna / mc ) . max h . garzon , mgarzon @ memphis . edu 6 . real - world applications ( rwa ) . mark jakiela , mjj @ mecf . wustl . edu these separate """""""" demes """""""" will establish separate rules and standards for paper acceptance based on the practices within the sub-discipline . in this way , we hope to more closely group """""""" birds of a feather """""""" and thereby avoid the rejection of high quality papers by reviewers who are less than familiar with the standards that should apply to a particular kind of paper . with this kind of carefully constructed process , we believe that a large number of recent gec authors will choose to join the program committee . if you are willing to be a member ( reviewer ) of the program committee , please email gecco @ aaai . org ( note : please do not use a """""""" reply """""""" command to respond to this message since dave goldberg will be out of town for most of june ) and send the following information : ( 1 ) the exact way you want your name listed , ( 2 ) the institutional affiliation you want listed with your name , ( 3 ) your physical mailing address , ( 4 ) your phone number ( for courier address labels ) , ( 5 ) your preferred e-mail address , ( 6 ) which of the six committees you would like to join ( gp / eh , ga / cs , or es / ep , aaa , dna / mc , or rwa ) , and if you have a preference for one of the sub-categories within that committee ( gp and / or eh , ga and / or cs , es and / or ep , alife and / or adaptive behavior and / or agents , dna and / or mc ) . ( 7 ) the title , date , and publication name of a peer-reviewed gec or related paper ( published after january 1 , 1995 ) that qualifies you as a member of the gecco committee ( a complete citation is unnecessary ) . authors who choose to join the gecco program committee will be acknowledged in the conference proceedings as well as in various editions of the calls for papers , the conference brochure , and advertising . physical copies of the papers will be sent to reviewers by ups courier service in late january 1999 , and the review form will be sent by e-mail . reviewers will be given several weeks to read and review the papers . reviews are returned by e-mail directly to the aaai . the reviewer 's name is removed from the message by the aaai before the review is forwarded to the chair of the appropriate track and ( eventually ) the submitting author . if a reviewer 's physical mailing address or e-mail address changes between now and february 1999 , the conference office ( gecco @ aaai . org ) should be notified as soon as possible . although the conference is over a year away , we already have an outstanding lineup of chairs , editors , senior members , and tutorial speakers ( see http : / / www-illigal . ge . uiuc . edu / gecco / ) . the editors / chairs have already been mentioned , but among those joining us as senior committee members are thomas baeck , hans - georg beyer , michael conrad , ingo rechenberg , guenter rudolph , bir bhanu , bill p . buckles , runwei cheng , marco colombetti , herbert dawid , marco dorigo , emanuel falkenauer , mitsuo gen , randy l . haupt , sue ellen haupt , john h . holland , kim f . man , dirk c . mattfeld , zbigniew michalewicz , melanie mitchell , k . s . tang , michael d . vose , david andre , vladan babovic , forrest h bennett iii , tobias blickle , dimitris c . dracopoulos , frank d . francone , andreas geyer - schulz , wolfgang a . halang , hitoshi iba , christian jacob , martin keane , robert e . keller , john r . koza , sam kwong , w . b . langdon , peter nordin , and moshe sipper . among those joining us for an extensive offering of tutorials are rik belew , forrest h bennett iii , lawrence davis , kalyanmoy deb , ken dejong , stephanie forrest , max garzon , tetsuya higuchi , john r . koza , w . b . langdon , jean - arcady meyer , melanie mitchell , randy c . murphy , peter nordin , i . c . parmee , guenter rudolph , hans - paul schwefel , leigh tesfatsion , michael vose , darrell whitley , and stewart wilson . other workshop and tutorial proposals as well as ideas for invited speakers and other activities may be sent to the business committee ( deg @ uiuc . edu or koza @ cs . stanford . edu ) . as active researchers ourselves , we understand that it is difficult to take time away from research for the """""""" administrivia """""""" of the reviewing process . but researchers are often the first to complain when their conferences are guided by """""""" political """""""" not """""""" scientific """""""" considerations . therefore we ask that all qualified committee candidates take this invitation very seriously , and we urge you to step up to the plate to make sure that the technical content of this conference is guided by our field 's active contributors ( qualified reviewers should send an email with the requested information above to gecco @ aaai . org ; please do not use a """""""" reply """""""" command to answer this message ) . names of reviewers who respond before july 1 , 1999 will be published in the first call for papers . moreover , we issue a special invitation to past authors to consider submitting to gecco 99 . although gecco is a new entity it is the combine of the oldest and the two largest , high-quality conferences in the field of genetic and evolutionary computation . with six separate demes for different styles of work and a participatory review process , we expect an unusually author-friendly conference . additionally , past attendance at icga and gp suggests that we should have over 600 researchers in attendance , but we will take steps to make sure that there is plenty of time for face-to - face meeting and interaction as well . in short , we believe that gecco-99 will be a special event for the community of genetic and evolutionary computation . we hope you can take the time to join us in the review process and we welcome your paper submission , but in any event we look forward to seeing you in orlando , july 13-17 , 1999 at gecco-99 . thank you , david e . goldberg ( illinois ) gecco-99 conference chair and business committee and john r . koza ( stanford ) gecco-99 business committee note : again , please do not use a """""""" reply """""""" command to answer this message . instead , respond to gecco @ aaai . org for fastest handling .
  """",0
  2535,""""Subject: anglo - american studies
   
   first announcement and call for papers for the 1999 issue of op . cit . : a journal of anglo - american studies , published by apeaa , the portuguese association for anglo - american studies modernisms and postmodernisms in english studies : accounting for the century the 20th century has witnessed the growth , developments and border-crossings of english studies as a major , complex , multidisciplinary , multicultural field . alongside ( not seldom in dialogue and confrontation with ) the established english of literary studies , for many decades dominant in many ways and places , also language and culture studies have , with their various disciplines , methods and perspectives , moved centre-stage and re-shaped , re-defined , and re-orientated the field . it is the history of english studies in the century now drawing to its close that op . cit . : a journal of anglo - american studies invites prospective contributors to focus on and study : its significant chapters , individual authors and intellectual formations , periods and theoretical constellations ; its disciplinary , interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary modes and approaches , its dominant , residual and emergent strategies and discourses ; its established and new linguistic codes ( english vs . english ) ; its horizons , mappings and accents ; its institutionally constituted scholarship ( s ) and its innovative projects . the theme proposed , modernisms and postmodernisms in english studies : accounting for the century , offers one version of the narrative of beginnings , transitions and changes in english studies in our century , one starting point for analysis , and one opportunity for alternative versions . deadline for 2 - 3 , 000 - word position and 7 - 8 , 000 - word papers : sept . 30 , 1998 . submissions in diskette and two hard copies . op . cit . is a refereed journal . all contributions should be submitted anonymously ( author 's name and address , and full title of the article on a separate sheet ) for more information contact alvaro pina , editor , ferpi @ mail . telepac . pt carlos a . m . gouveia , assistant editor , carlosmg @ fc . ul . pt material mail address : prof . alvaro pina ( or prof . carlos a . m . gouveia ) depto estudos anglsticos , faculdade de letras , universidade de lisboa cidade universitaria 1699 lisboa codex , portugal fax no . + 351 - 1-7960063 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - carlos a . m . gouveia dept . estudos anglisticos faculdade de letras da univ . de lisboa cidade universitaria 1699 lisboa codex portugal fax : ( 351 ) ( 1 ) 796 00 63 e-mail : carlosmg @ fc . ul . pt
  """",0
  2536,""""Subject: semantics
   
   we would like to bring to your attention to two new publications from john benjamins publishing in the field of semantics : adverbs of degree in dutch and related languages henny klein 1998 x , 232 pp . lingvistic aktuell / linguistics today , 21 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 905 8 price : us $ 62 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 2742 x price : nlg 124 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com adverbs of degree form an intriguing part of the lexicon : numerous , multiform and ever-changing with a great variety in distribution . in this study , the characteristics of adverbs of degree are investigated from a semantic point of view . the main focus is on dutch , but previous studies about english and german adverbs of degree are used to compare with and to build on . topics include absoluteness versus gradability , positive versus negative evaluation , the strengthening of negation , polarity sensitivity , the logical properties of the adverbs themselves , and restrictions to reduplication and stacking . besides the main text , three case studies are presented in which the peculiarities of some of the adverbs are investigated in depth to show more in detail the complexities of their distribution . recent trends in meaning-text theory leo wanner , ed . 1998 xx , 202 pp . studies in language companion series , 39 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 925 2 price : us $ 59 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3042 0 price : nlg 118 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com the present volume contains articles of well-known representatives of meaning - text theory ( mtt ) and other related linguistic theories . the focus of the volume is on semantics , semantic representation and relation of semantics to surface in mtt . founded by i . mel ' cuk and a . zholkovsky in the sixties in moscow , mtt soon became known in the west as a """""""" prominent outsider """""""" theory . the picture has changed since then , though , as mtt gained importance in several areas of linguistics and computational linguistics . it has influenced the design of new grammar formalisms such as dependency tree grammars . also , specific parts of mtt have been directly taken into other theories ; as , for example , the work on integrating lexical functions into pustejovsky 's generative lexicon . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
  """",0
  2537,""""Subject: new books : translation
   
   john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new titles in the field of translation : translation and creation . readings of western literature in early modern china , 1840-1918 david e . pollard ( ed . ) 1998 vi , 336 pp . benjamins translation library , 25 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 709 8 price : us $ 85 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 1628 2 price : nlg 170 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com in the late qing period , from the opium war to the 1911 revolution , china absorbed the initial impact of western arms at first , then manufactures , science and culture - in that order . this volume of essays deals with the reception of western literature in china , on the evidence of translations made . having to overcome chinese assumptions of cultural superiority , the perception that the west had a literature worth notice grew only gradually . it was not until the very end of the 19th century that a translation of a western novel ( la dame aux camelias ) achieved popular acclaim . but this opened the floodgates ; in the first decade of the 20th century , more translated fiction was published than original fiction . translators ' strategies and creativity . selected papers from the 9th international conference on translation and interpreting . in honor of jiri levy and anton popovic ann beylard - ozeroff , jana krlov & barbara moser - mercer ( eds . ) 1998 xiv , 230 pp . benjamins translation library , 27 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 711 x price : $ 65 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 1630 4 price : nlg 130 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this volume brings together a selection of papers presented at the ixth international conference on translation and interpreting , prague , september 1995 , co-organized by the institute of translation studies , charles university , prague , and the ecole de traduction et d ' interprtation , university of geneva . the conference was dedicated to the work of jiri levy and anton popovic and focused on the vital role played by translators ' strategies and their creativity in the translation process . contributions by : j . krlov and b . moser - mercer ; r . voyat ; g . quillard ; e . osers ; o . carbonell cortes ; e . hung ; m . morris ; d . tellinger ; z . jettmarova ; a . kruger ; j . milton ; a . pym ; r . van den broeck ; f . chaume varela ; z . fiser ; c . jurchott ; k . kinga ; e . nida ; g . hansen ; v . ivir ; l . gran ; i cenkova ; k . jonason ; r . mackenzie ; m . piotrowska ; a . riccardi ; s . roiss and j . weatherby ; b . alexieva . the changing scene in world languages . issues and challenges . marian b . labrum , ( ed . ) 1997 160 pp . ata scholarly monographs series , ix us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 628 8 price : $ 49 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3184 2 price : nlg 98 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com the 1997 ata volume brings together articles on translation practice into the 21st century . contributions deal with the information age , multilingualism in europe , english as a lingua franca , terminology standardization , translating for the media , and new directions in translator training . a comprehensive bibliography of dissertations makes this a useful reference tool . contributions by : p . bush ; t . cabre ; m . del camino ; c . dollerup ; o . diaz fouces ; m . gaddis rose ; d . hague ; m . labrum ; r . mayoral and d . kelly ; e . nida ; j . and d . smart . text typology and translation . anna trosborg , ( ed . ) 1997 xvi , 342 pp . benjamins translation library , 26 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 710 1 price : $ 89 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 1629 0 price : nlg 178 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this book breaks new ground in translation theory and practice . part i deals with methodological aspects and offers a typology of translations both as product and as process . part ii is devoted to domain-specific texts in a cross-cultural perspective , while part iii is concerned with terminology and lexicon as well as the constraints of mode and medium involving dubbing and subtitling as translation methods . sonnets , sagas , fairy tales , novels and feature films , sermons , political speeches , international treaties instruction leaflets , business letters , academic lectures , academic articles , medical research articles , technical brochures and legal documents are but some of the texts under investigation . in sum , this volume provides a theoretical overview of major problems and possibilities as well as investigations into a variety of text types with practical suggestions that deserve to be weighted by anyone considering the relation between text typology and translation . the volume is indispensable for the translator in his / her efforts to become a """""""" competent text-aware professional """""""" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
  """",0
  2538,""""Subject: inversion in romance
   
   call for papers twenty years after the publication in linguistic inquiry of richard kayne and jean - yves pollock 's influential article on stylistic inversion , the university of amsterdam will host a workshop on inversion in the romance languages . the goal of this workshop is to get a clear picture of the insights the last twenty years have produced with respect to the syntactic and interpretative principles that govern inversion and the way they interact . inversion in romance university of amsterdam 28 - 29 may 1998 holland institute of generative linguistics ( hil ) utrecht institute of linguistics ( uil ) keynote speakers : richard kayne & jean-yves pollock adriana belletti k . tarald taraldsen maria luisa zubizarreta also scheduled are presentations by sergio baauw , joao costa , joost dekkers , vieri samek - lodovici and maarten de wind . to enhance the scope of the workshop , the program will include 6 presentations by selected speakers . these presentations are allotted approximately 30 minutes . those who are interested in submitting a paper containing original work on any aspect of inversion in romance are invited to send 5 anonymous copies of an abstract not exceeding 2 pages , plus one camera-ready original containing the author 's name , address , affiliation and e-mail address . abstracts submitted by e-mail or fax within the deadline are accepted on condition that a camera-ready original is received within 1 week . deadline for submission of abstracts is 5 february 1998 abstracts should be sent to the following address : aafke hulk university of amsterdam e - mail : inversion @ let . uva . nl department of french phone : 31-20 - 5254635 spuistraat 134 fax : 31-20 - 5254429 1012 vb amsterdam , the netherlands more information can be found on the www : http : / / www . leidenuniv . nl / hil / confs / inversion organizing committee : aafke hulk , denis delfitto , joost dekkers , petra sleeman , els verheugd , maarten de wind . sponsors : royal dutch academy of sciences ( knaw ) , holland institute of generative linguistics ( hil ) , netherlands organization for scientific research ( nwo ) , utrecht institute of linguistics ( uil ) .
  """",0
  2539,""""Subject: lrec workshop announcement
   
   call for participation towards a european evaluation infrastructure for nl and speech . a workshop jointly organised by the european network of excellence in language and speech elsnet and the cec language engineering-4 project else to be held on wednesday may 27 , 9 : 00-13 : 00 at the first international conference on language resources and evaluation granada , spain right now , a generic framework for semi-automatic quantitative black-box evaluation of speech and nlp systems does not exist in europe . when confronted to a choice , developers and users prefer to ask the opinion of local experts as any other way of processing is either unrealistic or too costly . the le4 project else aims at providing developers with a generic strategy and definition of the primary building blocks needed to implement a semi-automatic quantitative black-box evaluation scheme . prominent speakers from the field will be invited to present papers addressing motivation , advantages , but also problems in connection with the implementation of such an evaluation scheme at an international scale . topics include e . g . the multilingual nature of evaluation , lessons from the past ( in europe and the us ) , the need for language resources . at the workshop the first intermediate results of the else project will be presented and discussed . this call serves to invite interested parties to active participation in the workshop . during the workshop , ample opportunity will be provided for the participants to react to the presentation of the else project , and the talks by the invited speakers . furthermore participants will be given the opportunity to give brief position statements . the workshop is very timely as it takes place when the ec 's 5th framework programme is taking shape . it is clear that the availability of a european evaluation infrastucture can be an important factor in european r&d activities , and that it can only be successful if it is organized and implemented on a european scale . programme committee the workshop will be coorganized by elsnet and else . the programme committee will consist of the participants in the else le project : niels ole bernsen jean - pierre chanod khalid choukri robert gaizauskas steven krauwer isabelle de lamberterie joseph mariani klaus netter patrick paroubek martin rajman antonio zampolli contact steven krauwer trans 10 , 3512 jk utrecht , the netherlands phone : + 31 30 253 6050 fax : + 31 30 253 6000 email : steven . krauwer @ let . ruu . nl registration the registration fee for the workshop will be : 10 , 000 pesetas for those not attending lrec 5 , 000 pesetas for those attending lrec these fees will include a coffee break and the proceedings of the workshop . participation in the workshop will be limited by the venue . requests for participation will be processed on a first come first served basis . conference information general information about the conference can be found at : http : / / www . icp . inpg . fr / elra / conflre . html specific queries about the conference should be directed to : lrec secretariat facultad de traduccion e interpretacion dpto . de traduccion e interpretacion c / puentezuelas , 55 18002 granada , spain tel : + 34 58 24 41 00 fax : + 34 58 24 41 04 email : reli98 @ goliat . ugr . es
  """",0
  2540,""""Subject: kbcs-98 call for papers
   
   k b c s-98 call for papers international conference on knowledge based computer systems national centre for software technology mumbai , india december 17-18 , 1998 the international conference on knowledge based computer systems will be held in mumbai , india during december 17-18 , 1998 . the conference is intended to act as a forum for promoting interaction among researchers in the field of artificial intelligence in india and abroad . there will be a one and a half day conference during december 17-18 , 1998 followed by a half day of post-conference tutorials on december 18 , 1998 . papers are invited on substantial , original and unpublished research on all aspects of artificial intelligence , including , but not limited to the following : o ai applications o ai architectures o automatic programming o cognitive modeling o expert systems o foundations of ai o genetic algorithms o information retrieval o intelligent agents o intelligent tutoring systems o knowledge acquisition o knowledge representation o machine learning o machine translation o natural language processing o neural networks o planning and scheduling o reasoning o robotics o search techniques o speech processing o theorem proving o uncertainty handling o vision format of submission authors should submit their papers , not to exceed 5000 words ( including figures and references ) either electronically or in hard copy . papers should be in english . papers should include an abstract of about 100-200 words in length . papers outside the specified length are subject to rejection without review . since reviewing will be """""""" blind """""""" , the authors ' names and affiliations along with the main area of the paper should be given only on a separate cover sheet . hard copy submissions should be sent in triplicate . papers in electronic form can be in any of the following formats : plain text , postscript , latex , microsoft word ( rtf format ) or wordstar . submissions in electronic form are preferred . call for tutorials proposals are invited for post-conference tutorials . tutorials will be half-day and will be held on december 18th , 1998 . the proposal should be presented in the form of a 200 - word abstract , one page topical outline of the content , description of the proposers and their qualifications relating to the tutorial content . send papers and tutorial proposals to the kbcs-98 secretariat . submission deadlines papers : o due : august 15 , 1998 o acceptance notification : october 10 , 1998 o camera ready copy due : november 15 , 1998 tutorial proposals : o due : august 30 , 1998 o acceptance notification : september 15 , 1998 o materials due : november 25 , 1998 for further information please refer to the kbcs-98 home page or write to the kbcs-98 secretariat . address kbcs-98 secretariat phone : + 91 ( 22 ) 620 1606 national centre for software technology fax : + 91 ( 22 ) 621 0139 gulmohar cross rd no . 9 e - mail : kbcs @ konark . ncst . ernet . in juhu , mumbai 400 049 , india url : http : / / konark . ncst . ernet . in / ~ kbcs / kbcs98 /
  """",0
  2541,""""Subject: using and acquiring the lexicon
   
   call for papers using and acquiring the lexicon utrecht university , december 12 ( workshop incorporated in going romance , december 10-12 ) . organizing committee : francis corblin ( paris 7 / rennes 2 ) , francine melka ( uil - ots / french ) , lea nash ( paris 8 ) , philip miller ( lille 3 ) , jan schroten ( uil - ots / spanish ) , henriette de swart ( uil - ots / french ) . invited speaker : hans kamp ( ims / stuttgart ) the workshop focuses on the lexicon in the romance languages . we welcome contributions from different theoretical perspectives . the following questions are of special interest : * how does the lexicon pair up syntax and meaning ? * what are the semantics and pragmatics of content categories and functional / grammatical categories ? * what is the role of the lexicon in the acquisition process ? abstracts are invited for thirty minute talks . abstracts should be anonymous , and should be no longer than two pages , including references and examples , with margins of at least 1 - inch , font size 11 / 12 . submissions are limited to a maximum of one individual and one joint abstract per author . please provide 8 anonymous abstracts and one camera-ready original containing title , author 's name and affiliation . submissions by e-mail or fax can be accepted , provided a camera-ready original is received within one week after the deadline . a separate card should contain the title of the paper , the author 's name and affiliation , address , telephone number , e-mail address and the indication ` lexicon ' . deadline for recept of abstracts : september 18 , 1998 abstracts should be sent to the following address : workshop lexicon going romance phone : 31-30 - 2536006 utrecht institute of linguistics ots fax : 31-30 - 2536000 utrecht university e - mail : workshop . romance @ let . uu . nl trans 10 web site : 3512 jk utrecht http : / / www-uilots . let . ruu . nl / conferences the netherlands
  """",0
  2542,""""Subject: ld ' 98 - call for participation
   
   ld ' 98 the first international workshop on labelled deduction freiburg , germany september 7 - 9 , 1998 http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for participation * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * advanced program , registration , travel and accomodation information are available at the homepage of the workshop http : / / www . informatik . uni-freiburg . de / ~ ld98 aim and format to survey research in the field , and to allow researchers ( in logic , computer science , artificial intelligence , linguistics , etc . ) to exchange ideas , techniques and results . both finished work and work in progress will be reported . topics of interest papers on current research in all aspects of labelled deduction , including but not limited to : o logical modeling based on labelled deduction o formal metatheory for , or based on , labelled deduction o hybrid reasoners and combinations of logics based on labelling o automated reasoning , implementation , and system support o annotated logic programming o applications conference site institut fuer informatik of the university of freiburg . freiburg is a medieval town of about 200 , 000 inhabitants at the edge of the black forrest . the city is easily accessible , being within an hour from international airports in strasbourg and basel . there are also good connections ( hourly trains ) to airports in frankfurt and zurich , which are about 2 to 3 hours away . organizing committee david basin and luca vigano ` program committee david basin , institut fuer informatik , freiburg , germany marcello d ' agostino , universita ` di ferrara , italy dov gabbay , king 's college , london , uk sean matthews , max - planck - institut fuer informatik , saarbruecken , germany luca vigano ` , institut fuer informatik , freiburg , germany
  """",0
  2543,""""Subject: intelligent industrial automation ( iia ' 99 )
   
   third international icsc symposia on intelligent industrial automation ( iia ' 99 ) http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca / iia99 . htm and soft computing ( soco ' 99 ) http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca / soco99 . htm june 1 - 4 , 1999 at the palazzo ducale in genova , italy introduction the international symposia on intelligent industrial automation ( iia ' 99 ) and soft computing ( soco ' 99 ) intend to encompass short-to - long-term effects of advanced information technology , soft computing and other related ' intelligent technolgies ' in application fields such as industrial automation , control , diagnostics , computer vision , robotics , speech recognition and machine translation . the general aim of the symposia is to address and underline the existing and emerging relationships between automation , manufacturing and intelligent technolgies , with particular emphasis on soft computing . contributions are sought on intelligent automation and manufacturing with emphasis on current and potential applications , with a broad interest in all the engineering disciplines , computer science and related technology fields . following the success of iia / soco ' 96 ( reading , england ) and iia / soco ' 97 ( nmes , france ) , the third symposium will be held in genova , italy . the iia / soco series have established themselves as a platform for scientists and practitioners from academic , governmental and industrial institutions to discuss new developments and results in the field of intelligent technologies . a further follow-up conference has already been scheduled for the year 2001 in paisley , scotland . purpose of iia ' 99 and soco ' 99 advances in soft computing and related techniques : theory and applications . ait ( advanced information technology ) is one of the major technological drivers in the advancement of modern society . nowadays any major achievement , related to any field of research , is strongly supported by proper ait based tools . very often , such achievements have only been possible after a proper ait approach has been designed and implemented . it is widely known that ait has a very strong impact on society itself , radically changing the skills and competencies required in order to contribute to the everyday human environment . given that nowadays the major effort in ait development is spent in the so called ' soft - computing ' arena and that some of the major and indeed , surprising , achievements in industrial applications come from the application of soft-computing techniques , the two symposia ( iia ' 99 and soco ' 99 ) will have many common areas of interest , namely : - neural networks - fuzzy logic - genetic algorithms - chaos theory - ai and expert systems - machine learning - pattern recognition and image understanding the programs of the two conferences will , however , reflect different themes : - iia ' 99 will be directed toward the medium-to - short term , application driven , research area in intelligent technologies . - soco ' 99 is directed toward the long term research in area of soft computing in order to try to overcome the usual borderline existing between theory and application , the two symposia are run jointly , organized in a way to have partial overlap with some joint sessions and some common plenary sessions . aim of iia ' 99 / soco ' 99 1 . to give both a wide and a deep view of advances in ait advancement offered by soft-computing technologies . 2 . to give both the industrial and academic researcher the opportunity to discuss together real problems and opportunities . 3 . to collect ' best practice ' and information on how to perform experiments , tests and design products and processes embedding and / or using soft-computing technologies . 4 . to explicitly and actively function as a ' technology broker ' , giving the opportunity for people to become aware of new problems and possible solutions and giving the possibility of finding technological partners for joint research and / or future application programs . topics of iia ' 99 iia ' 99 will include contributions in the research area of soft computing application and , more in general , related to medium-to - short term and application driven developments advanced information technology and industrial intelligent technology . particular emphasis will be laid on industrial realization , experimental application , application methodology development and / or formalization , quantitative and qualitative problem modeling . contributions are sought mainly in the areas based on the list below : a ) industrial area - industry - energy - transportation - services - consumer - etc . b ) high - tech area - innovative control and diagnostics - computer vision - robotics and remote sensing - speech recognition and machine translation - etc . c ) green - tech area - intelligent resource management - intelligent pollutant management - user behavior modeling - intelligent traffic control - etc . topics of soco ' 99 soco ' 99 will include contributions on long term research ( theory development , enhanced approaches , formal methods comparisons , applications , etc . ) in the area of soft-computing . contributions are sought in areas based on the list below , which is indicative only . - neural networks - fuzzy logic - rough sets - genetic algorithms and evolutionary computing - chaos theory - ai and expert systems - probabilistic reasoning - machine learning - learning algorithms and intelligent control - pattern recognition and image understanding - distributed intelligence - self - organizing systems - fuzzy databases and information retrieval - educational aspects of soft computing special session a special session on ' intelligent systems in control and process optimization ' including a plenary lecture is sponsored by the ifs network and organized by alberto servida , italy . contributions are welcome . conference location the symposia will be held at the palazzo ducale , a beautiful historic building in the city centre of genova , italy sponsors iia ' 99 and soco ' 99 are sponsored by : - ansaldo s . p . a . - disi - department of computer and information sciences at the university of genoa , italy - commune di genova , italy - university of genova , italy - cybernetics and biophysics national group of the national research council - ieee neural network council italian regional interest group - international neural networks society and inns special interest group italy - thematic network ifs ( intelligent forecasting system for refineries and power systems ) - icsc international computer science conventions , canada / switzerland iia ' 99 symposium committee - honorary chair yutaka kuwahara , r & d centre , hitachi europe ltd . - symposium chair riccardo parenti , ansaldo ricerche , genova , italy - symposium vice chair colin fyfe , university of paisley , scotland , u . k . - scientific secretary carla penno , ansaldo ricerche , genova , italy - international scientific committee roberto baratti , italy zeungnam bien , korea piero bonissone , usa pierre borne , france hans - heinrich bothe , switzerland / germany abhay bulsari , finland daniele caviglia , italy vincent chapurlat , france raja chatila , france richard d . colbaugh , usa anna maria colla , italy clarence w . de silva , canada h . a . donegan , u . k . jos r . dorronsorro , spain patrick gallinari , france edoardo gilardi , italy madan m . gupta , canada henry h . hexmoor , usa r . j . howlett , u . k charles mclean , usa antony a . maciejewski , usa janine magnier , france franco masulli , italy fazel naghdy , australia saeid nahavandi , australia charles c . nguyen , usa david pearson , france duc t . pham , u . k . brian roffel , netherlands alberto servida , italy peter vas , u . k . leonello zaquini , italy jacek m . zurada , usa soco ' 99 symposium committee - honorary chair antonio di nola , university di napoli federico ii , naples , italy - symposium chair francesco masulli , university of genoa , italy - symposium vice chair colin fyfe , university of paisley , scotland , u . k . - international scientific committee henry abarbanel , usa ethem alpaydin , turkey peter g . anderson , usa valeriu beiu , usa gerardo beni , usa franco bignone , italy freimut bodendorf , germany andrej dobnikar , slovenia marco dorigo , belgium gerard dray , france marco gori , italy hans hellendoorn , netherlands laszlo koczy , hungary mohammad jamshidi , usa james keller , usa bart kosko , usa ludmila kuncheva , u . k . franz kurfess , usa sadaaki miyamoto , japan claudio moraga , germany pietro morasso , italy francesco carlo morabito , italy david w . pearson , france rjean plamondon , canada henrik saxen , finland george d . smith , u . k . nigel steele , u . k . leonard studer , switzerland yoshinori uesaka , japan call for papers prospective authors are requested to send a draft paper ( maximum 7 pages ) for review by the international scientific committee . all submissions must be written in english , starting with a succinct statement of the problem , the results achieved , their significance and a comparison with previous work , as well as a list of references . the submissions should also include : - title of conference ( soco ' 99 or iia ' 99 ) - type of paper ( regular , demonstration , tutorial or invited ) - title of proposed paper - authors names , affiliations , addresses - name of author to contact for correspondence - e - mail address and fax # of contact author - topics which best describe the paper ( max . 5 keywords ) - short c . v . of authors contributions are welcome from those working in industry and having experience in the topics of this symposium as well as from academics . symposium language is english . invited sessions , tutorial papers , demonstrations and contributions to the special session on ' intelligent systems in control and process optimization ' are also encouraged . submission of papers submissions must be sent by september 10 , 1998 either by - electronic mail ( recommended ) to operating @ icsc . ab . ca ( text , postscript or word files ) or - fax to icsc canada + 1-403 - 387-4329 or - airmail ( 2 copies ) to : icsc canada p . o . box 279 millet , ab t0c 1z0 canada important dates submission of draft papers : september 10 , 1998 notification of acceptance : november 30 , 1998 delivery of final papers : january 31 , 1999 tutorials and workshops : june 1 , 1999 iia ' 99 / soco ' 99 symposia : june 2 - 4 , 1999 further information for more detailed information , please consult the following websites : - iia ' 99 : http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca / iia99 . htm - soco ' 99 : http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca / soco99 . htm or forward any questions to the conference organizer mailto : operating @ icsc . ab . ca conference organizer icsc international computer science conventions p . o . box 279 millet , alberta t0c 1z0 canada email : mailto : operating @ icsc . ab . ca url : http : / / www . icsc . ab . ca fax : + 1-403 - 387-4329 ( after january 25 , 1999 : + 1-780 - 387-4329 ) phone : + 1-403 - 387-3546 ( after january 25 , 1999 : + 1-780 - 387-3546 )
  """",0
  2544,""""Subject: canadian assoc . of immersion teachers annual conference
   
   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . canadian association of immersion teachers annual conference ( 1998 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in collaboration with caslt and canadian parents for french """""""" hooked on immersion , it 's capital ! """""""" ottawa congress centre , ottawa , canada november 5 , 6 and 7 , 1998 information : suzanne fournier , acpi tel : 613 567 2223 fax : 613 230 5940 email : acpi @ magi . com ( preliminary programme available in july ; please contact acpi ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ drenie @ uottawa . ca _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dr delphine renie institut des langues secondes * second language institute universite d ' ottawa university , 600 king edward ottawa , on , k1s 4p6 , canada tel : 613 562 5800 ext 3414 fax : 613 562 5126
  """",0
  2545,""""Subject: program joint conf . formal grammar , hpsg and categorial grammar 1998
   
   please post joint conference on formal grammar , head-driven phrase structure grammar and categorial grammar august 14-16 , 1998 saarbruecken program in august 1998 , the tenth european summer school in logic , language and information ( esslli x ) will be held in saabr \ """""""" { u } cken , germany , august 17-28 . the esslli summer schools have become a forum for work on formal grammar , encompassing the overlapping interests of work in formal linguistics , computational linguistics , and the role of logic and grammar formalisms . the joint conference on formal grammar , head - driven phrase structure grammar , and categorial grammar ( fhcg-98 ) , combining the 4th conference on formal grammar and the 5th conference on head - driven phrase structure grammar , will be held the weekend preceding the summer school , august 14-16 . the conference will include a special session on information packages with contributed papers and invited lectures by o enric vallduvi ( universitat pompeu fabra , barcelona ) o elisabet engdahl ( gothenborg university ) it will also contain a symposium on unbounded dependencies , with presentations by o anne abeille ( university of paris ) o michael moortgat ( utrecht university ) o ivan sag ( stanford university ) o ed stabler ( ucla ) o annie zaenen ( xerox research centre europe ) themes of interest include formal and computational syntax , semantics , and pragmatics ; head-driven phrase structure grammar and categorial grammar ; model-theoretic and proof-theoretic methods in linguistics ; constraint-based and resource-sensitive approaches to grammar ; and foundational , methodological and architectural issues in grammar . on the following pages , a detailed program of the conference is provided . registration for the conference should be done via the esslli x secretariat . the conference fee of dm 80 includes a copy of the conference proceedings . online registration for fhcg-98 can be arranged at http : / / www . dfki . de / events / hpsg98 / hpsg98 - mailform . html for joint registration covering both fhcg-98 and esslli x , consult http : / / www . dfki . de / lt / esslli / summerschool . html accommodation can be arranged via esslli x . program committee gosse bouma ( groningen , co - chair ) richard oehrle ( arizona , co - chair ) \ \ klaus netter ( dfki , local arrangments ) geert - jan kruijff ( prague , submissions ) anne abeille ( paris ) bob carpenter ( lucent bell labs ) john coleman ( oxford ) ann copestake ( csli ) mary dalrymple ( xerox parc ) elisabet engdahl ( g \ """""""" { o } teborg ) daniele godard ( lille ) erhard hinrichs ( t \ """""""" { u } bingen ) jack hoeksema ( groningen ) bob kasper ( ohio state ) andreas kathol ( uc berkeley ) shalom lappin ( london ) glyn morrill ( barcelona ) tsuneko nakazawa ( tokyo ) anton nijholt ( twente ) gertjan van noord ( groningen ) carl pollard ( ohio state ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * fhcg-89 program friday , august 14 , 1998 special session on information packaging i 9 . 30-10 . 00 rhematicity as a default information status enric vallduvi , universitat pompeu fabra , barcelona ( invited lecture ) 10 . 00-10 . 30 information packaging and information states elisabet engdahl , university of gothenburg ( invited lecture ) 10 . 30-11 . 00 a strong theory of link and focus interpretation herman hendriks , university of utrecht 11 . 00-11 . 30 break special session on information packaging ii 11 . 30-12 . 00 linkhood and multiple definite marking dimitra kolliakou , university of newcastle / hebrew university of jerusalem 12 . 00-12 . 30 unbounded dependencies and the syntactic realisation of information packaging theodora alexopolou , university of edinburgh 12 . 30-13 . 00 information repackaging petr kubon , simon fraser university 13 . 00-14 . 30 break special session on information packaging iii 14 . 30-15 . 00 topic , adverbial quantification , and backwards anaphora ileana comorovski , universite de nancy 2 15 . 00-15 . 30 information packaging in japanese john fry and stefan kaufmann , csli stanford 15 . 30-16 . 00 topic and focus structures : the dynamics of tree growth wilfried meyer - viol & ruth kempson , imperial college / university of london 16 . 00-16 . 30 break regular session i 16 . 30-17 . 00 french subject inversion and extraction contexts olivier bonami , daniele godard , jean - marie marandin , cnrs 17 . 00-17 . 30 towards a general theory of partial constituent fronting in german kordula de kuthy and detmar meurers , university of the saarland / university of tuebingen 17 . 30-18 . 00 a relational approach to relativization in turkish zelal gungordu and elisabet engdahl , bilkent university / university of gothenburg saturday , august 15 , 1998 regular session ii 9 . 30-10 . 00 minor and expletive pronouns frank van eynde , university of leuven 10 . 00-10 . 30 noun phrases as nps - - - the case of hebrew shuly wintner , university of tuebingen 10 . 30-11 . 00 determiners as nominal heads andreas kathol , university of california , berkeley 11 . 00-11 . 30 break regular session iii 11 . 30-12 . 00 case , obliqueness , and linearization in korean chan chung , dongseo university ( seoel ) 12 . 00-12 . 30 an informal sketch of a formal architecture for construction grammar paul kay , university of california , berkeley 12 . 30-13 . 00 ` a unified theory of scope ' revisited adam przepiorkowski , university of tuebingen / polish academy of sciences 13 . 00-14 . 30 break regular session iv 14 . 30-15 . 00 on certain properties of romanian auxiliary ( and modal ) verbs paola monachesi , university of utrecht 15 . 00-15 . 30 categories , prototypes , and default inheritance robert malouf , stanford university 15 . 30-16 . 00 looks like a trojan horse got into the argument structure emily bender and dan flickinger , stanford university 16 . 00-16 . 30 break regular session v 16 . 30-17 . 00 a point-based event phonology for the phonetics-phonology interface peter kuehnle and petra wagner , university of bielefeld 17 . 00-17 . 30 how to match the mismatch : prosody-syntax interface for japanese spoken sentences kei yoshimoto , tohoku university ( sendai , japan ) 17 . 30-18 . 00 morphosyntactic and morphological paradoxa in fox berthold crysmann , university of the saarland sunday , august 16 , 1998 regular session vi 10 . 30-11 . 00 a weakly context free facet of ligs jens michaelis , christian wartena , university of potsdam 11 . 00-11 . 30 a formal interpretation of relations and quantifiers in hpsg frank richter , manfred sailer , university of t """""""" ubingen 11 . 30-12 . 00 island effects in type-logical approaches to the minimalist program tom cornell , university of t """""""" ubingen 12 . 00-14 . 00 break symposium on unbounded dependencies 14 . 00-14 . 40 ivan sag , stanford university 14 . 40-15 . 20 annie zaenen , xerox research centre europe 15 . 20-16 . 00 anne abeille , university of paris 16 . 00-16 . 30 break 16 . 30-17 . 10 michael moortgat , university of utrecht 17 . 10-17 . 50 ed stabler , ucla 17 . 50-18 . 30 discussion : bob carpenter , lucent bell labs
  """",0
  2546,""""Subject: new books : generative studies
   
   we would like to bring to your attention to two new publications from john benjamins publishing in the field of generative studies : minimal words in a minimal syntax . word formation in swedish . gunlg josefsson 1998 ix , 199 pp . lingvistic aktuell / linguistics today , 19 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 903 1 price : us $ 75 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 2740 3 price : nlg 150 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com in minimal words in a minimal syntax the author combines a detailed description of the morphological structure of words in swedish with a new approach to theoretical morphology based on the minimalist program of chomsky ( 1995 ) ( as developed for syntactic structure ) . the x - bar theoretic approach to word structure of the principles and parameters framework is replaced by a rule free approach incorporating only merge and move as structure building devices . comparative studies in word variation . adverb , pronouns and clause structure in romance and germanic christopher laenzlinger 1998 x , 371 pp . linguistic aktuell / linguistics today , 20 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 904 x price : us $ 79 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 2741 1 price : nlg 158 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com the present book is a typological study in crucial portions of the grammars of french / romance and german / germanic . it starts by asking : """""""" what do adverbs , pronouns and full noun phrases have in common ? """""""" the work finds promising solutions to this question within the principles & parameter framework , on the basis of a well-defined formalization of ( i ) xbar - theory , ( ii ) checking theory , ( iii ) clause structure composition , and ( iv ) locality constraints on syntactic operations and relations . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
  """",0
  2547,""""Subject: new books : pragmatics & discourse
   
   we would like to bring to your attention to two new publications from john benjamins publishing in the field of pragmatics & discourse : deixis and information packaging in russian discourse . lenore grenoble 1998 xviii , 338 pp . pragmatics & beyond new series , 50 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 812 4 price : us $ 85 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 5063 4 price : nlg 170 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com the role deixis plays in structuring language and its relation to the context of utterance provides the focus for an examination of information packaging in russian discourse . the analysis is based on a model which interprets discourse as constituted by four interrelated frameworks - the linguistic text , the text setting , the text content and the participant framework . the function of discourse particles . a study with special reference to spoken standard french maj - britt mosegaard hansen 1998 xii , 418 pp . pragmatics & beyond new series , 53 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 815 9 price : us $ 85 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 5066 9 price : nlg 170 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this monograph aims to contribute to linguistic knowledge about the distribution and function of discourse particles , particularly with respect to a small group of particles which are highly frequent in contemporary spoken standard french . the author discusses categories of particles , instructional semantics , the difference between speech and writing , the delimitation of discourse units , competing approaches to discourse structure and to coherence , and methodology are discussed extensively . this is followed by an-depth corpus-based analyses of six french discourse particles , namely bon , ben , eh bien , puis , donc , and alors , as used in non-elicited native-speaker interaction . hedging in scientific research articles ken hyland 1998 x , 308 pp . pragmatics & beyond new series , 54 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 816 7 price : us $ 69 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 5067 7 price : nlg 138 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this is a comprehensive study of hedging in academic research papers , relating a systematic analysis of forms to a pragmatic explanation for their use . the study shows that the extensive use of possibility and tentativeness in research writing is intimately connected to the social and institutional practices of academic communities , and is at the heart of how knowledge comes to be socially accredited through texts . the study identifies the major forms , functions and distribution of hedges and explores the research article genre in detail to present an explanatory framework . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
  """",0
  2548,""""Subject: consciousness
   
   john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following title in the field of consciousness : language structure , discourse and the access to consciousness maxim i . stamenov , ( ed . ) 1997 xii , 340 pp . advances in consciousness research , 12 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 192 8 price : us $ 49 . 95 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 5132 0 price : nlg 100 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com the focus of this collective volume is on the mutual determination of language structure , discourse patterns and the accessibility to consciousness of mental contents of different types of organization and complexity . the contributions address the following problems , among others : the history of the interpretation of ' conscious ' and ' unconscious ' mind in the theoretical discourse of modern linguistics ; the determination of the structure of access of grammatical and lexical information to consciousness ; the development of cognitive complexity and control in ontogeny ; the pathologies of consciousness access in discourse comprehension and production the cognitive contextual prerequisites for the representation of meaning in consciousness ; the relationships between language structure and qualia in the phenomenology of experience ; the dialogical structure of intentionality and meaning representation , etc . contributions by : r . de beaugrande ; p . butchvarov ; s . chapman & h . ulatowska ; t . van dijk ; d . hillert ; r . langacker ; i . markova ; m . stamenov ; p . zelazo & d . frye . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
  """",0
  2549,""""Subject: meaning change - meaning variation
   
   = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = call for papers = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = meaning change - meaning variation university of konstanz , germany february 24-26 , 1999 invited speakers : nicholas asher ( austin , usa ) johannes dlling ( leipzig , germany ) peter gaerdenfors ( lund , sweden ) dirk geeraerts ( leuven , belgien ) ulrike haas - spohn ( konstanz , germany ) ekkehart knig ( berlin , germany ) brigitte nerlich ( nottingham , uk ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = we are pleased to announce the workshop ' meaning change - meaning variation ' as part of the 21st annual meeting of the german society of linguistics ( dgfs ) in konstanz , germany ( http : / / dgfs99 . uni-konstanz . de ) . the workshop ' meaning change - meaning variation ' aims at bringing together researchers in formal semantics , cognitive semantics , historical linguistics and analytical philosophy in order to discuss questions of meaning change and meaning variation . historical linguists have developed impressing inventories of examples of meaning ( and other ) changes , documented in etymological lexica . cognitive semanticists often offer richer notions of """""""" meaning """""""" than the one traditionally used in formal semantics , notions which seem better fit to integrate a creative dimension . on the other hand , people working in a formal semantic framework should face the challenge posed to their completely static picture by diachronic meaning change . changes are , we think , not instances of common confusion or error . on the contrary , they are one evidence that language itself has to be seen as an ever evolving object , adapting to our ever changing view of the ( """""""" real """""""" ) world . specific areas of inquiry include , but are not limited to the following : * semi-productive lexical processes ( metonymy , polysemy , etc . ) * interaction of psychological , historical and linguistic facts in the development of new language stages * case studies in diachronic meaning change * grammaticalization and meaning change * polysemy and semantic fields * formal treatments of metaphor papers in german or english are invited from any of the mentioned fields . the papers should address semantic change or semantic variation from more than one aspect . papers that indicate an inherent interest in the perspective of other disciplines or that intend to bridge the approaches from different subfields are preferred . the deadline for receipt of abstracts is august 15 , 1998 please , send a one-page abstract ( preferably by email ) to : regine eckardt / klaus von heusinger fg sprachwissenschaft fach d 185 d-78457 konstanz germany email : { regine . eckardt ; klaus . heusinger } @ uni-konstanz . de we will also be happy to answer all further questions which might arise .
  """",0
  2550,""""Subject: transcription of continuous speech workshop
   
   coling-acl 98 workshop on partially automated techniques for transcribing naturally occurring , continuous speech august 16 , 1998 ( following acl / coling-98 ) university of montreal , montreal ( quebec , canada ) description - - - - - - - - - - the development of robust systems for speech analysis and synthesis depends crucially on the availability of well-annotated corpora of naturally occurring , continuous speech . yet existing speech corpora are rarely well-annotated . a key to proper annotation is the availability of partially automated systems for linking selected portions of a visual display of speech to the corresponding transcriptions . to be of practical use , such systems must be able to handle large files of digitized speech and they should permit transcriptions at different levels of analysis . this workshop is devoted to the presentation and discussion of papers and software demonstrations which reflect the current state of the art . the presentations address the development , use , and evaluation of such systems . registration - - - - - - - - - - - registration is now open for this workshop . registration details can be found at http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca registration befroe july 1 is 50 can ( 35 can for students ) for participants of the main conference . anybody wishing to attend only this workshop can do so by pre-registering the same way and submitting a fee of 150 can . preregistration is strongly advised . workshop program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - session 1 9 : 15 - 9 : 30 opening remarks nancy belmore concordia university 9 : 30-10 : 05 recognition of spontaneous speech ( invited talk ) peter stubley nortel 10 : 05-10 : 30 break session 2 10 : 30-11 : 05 towards multimodal spoken language corpora : transtool and synctool joachim nivre , elisabeth ahlsen , jens allwood , leif gronqvist , jenny holm , dario lopez - kasten , sylvana sofkova , kristina tullgren goteborg university 11 : 05-11 : 40 speech annotation by multi - sensory recording robert luk hong kong polytechnic university 11 : 40-12 : 15 how phone duration and segmental processing improve continuous speech signal labeling andre - obrecht , n . parlangeau , f . pellegrino universite paul sabatier - cnrs 12 : 15 - 1 : 15 lunch session 3 1 : 15 - 1 : 50 grapheme - to-phoneme transcription rules for spanish with application to automatic speech recognition and synthesis patrizia bonaventura , fabio giuliani , juan m . garrido , isabel orten cluster reply consultant , turin and universitat autonoma de barcelona 1 : 50 - 2 : 25 the value of minimal prosodic information caroline lyon and jill hewitt university of hertfordshire 2 : 25 - 3 : 00 taped demonstrations 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 break session 4 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 on - line demonstrations 4 : 00 - 5 : 00 round table discussion workshop organization sabine bergler department of computer science concordia university 1455 de maisonneuve blvd west montreal , qc h3g 1m8 e-mail trans98 @ cs . concordia . ca program committee nancy belmore sabine bergler john esling eric keller roland kuhn douglas o'shaughnessy ching y . suen
  """",0
  2551,""""Subject: conference ' lexicon in focus '
   
   the conference ' lexicon in focus ' , which is held by the sonderforschungsbereich ' theory of the lexicon ' ( located at the universities in duesseldorf , wuppertal and cologne - germany ) , takes place from august 17th through 19th , 1998 , in wuppertal . there will be three sections : - economy principles in the lexicon - lexical constraints and the generation of candidates - semantic composition within and outside of the lexicon for further details see http : / / www . phil-fak . uni-duesseldorf . de / sfb282 / lif98 . htm to register as a participant in the conference , please contact : stiebels @ phil-fak . uni-duesseldorf . de barbara stiebels heinrich - heine - universitaet duesseldorf
  """",0
  2552,""""Subject: correction to issue 9 . 870
   
   dear linguist subscribers , in issue 9-870 ( http : / / linguistlist . org / issues / 9 / 9-870 . html ) , a call for reviewers , we incorrectly omitted a publisher from the following citation . barbosa , fox , hagstrom , mcginnis and pesetsky eds . 1998 . optimality and competition in syntax . mit press and mitwpl . cambridge . this book is published jointly by mit press and the mit working papers in linguistics ( mitwpl ) . our sincere apologies to mit press and mitwpl for any inconvenience this may have caused . andrew carnie , review editor , the linguist list .
  """",0
  2553,""""Subject: review massaro 1998
   
   massaro , d . w . ( 1998 ) . perceiving talking faces : from speech perception to a behavioral principle ( mit press , cambridge , mass . ) . 552 pp . , 212 illus . , 1 cd-rom . $ 55 . 00 . reviewed byl noel nguyen , laboratory for psycholinguistics , fpse , university of geneva , switzerland ( nnguyen @ fapse . unige . ch ) . 1 synopsis 1 . 1 general outline this book is concerned with how multiple sources of information are processed in speech perception and , more generally , in pattern recognition . it is based upon an important research programme conducted by massaro and his colleagues over the last two decades . the book focuses on the perception of so-called bimodal speech , addressing a wide range of issues about the way in which visual information ( as provided by the speaker 's face ) and auditory information are combined with each other by the perceptual system . the scope of the book is much larger , however , as massaro 's purpose here is to describe and defend a new psychological law relevant to a wide variety of domains . in contrast to already well-established laws of the same kind ( e . g . weber 's law of perception ) , which are all unidimensional , the new principle is multidimensional , in that it describes how several factors impact behaviour . this principle is embodied in a computational model of pattern recognition , the fuzzy logical model of perception ( flmp ) , whose latest version is presented and discussed in detail . the flmp is systematically contrasted with alternative computational models , using a broad perceptual database as benchmark throughout the book . in a separate part , the book also deals with methods for synthesizing talking faces in experiments on bimodal speech perception , and introduces baldi , the talking face developed by massaro and his coworkers . the book is accompanied by a cd-rom which contains a series of demonstrations relating to many of the topics dealt with . the book is divided into four main sections . section 1 , """""""" perceiving talking faces """""""" , focuses on the perception of speech by ear and eye . massaro reviews the most significant empirical findings in that domain , discusses the main methodological issues , and presents a general classification of the existing computational models of bimodal speech perception . central to this section is the idea that speech perception obeys a general behavioural principle of integration between different sources of information . section 2 , """""""" broadening the domain """""""" , aims at assessing how well this principle holds up across broad individual and situational variability . the author demonstrates that inter-individual variations in how bimodal speech is perceived , depending on the listener 's age or native language for instance , can be accounted for within the flmp framework . using examples taken from different perceptual and cognitive situations , massaro also defends the idea that the flmp adequately describes information processing irrespective of these situational differences . section 3 , """""""" broadening the framework """""""" , opens with a presentation of an extended and more explicit version of the flmp , designed in particular to account for the dynamics of speech processing . the section also includes a detailed analysis of the methodological issues involved in assessing quantitative predictions in psychology , along with a discussion of the critiques expressed by other investigators about the flmp over the years . finally , section 4 , """""""" creating talking faces """""""" , is specifically dedicated to the synthesis of visual speech . 1 . 2 the new behavioural principle although many readers may already be familiar with massaro 's fuzzy logical model of perception , i shall here assume the contrary , and proceed to present a brief outline of the model . a central assumption of the flmp is that pattern recognition involves a common set of processes regardless of the specific nature of the patterns . speech is not seen as being associated with a dedicated processing module , as in the motor theory of speech perception ( liberman , 1996 ) for instance . on the contrary , the sensory information is assumed to be processed in the same way whether our brain is busy recognizing speech sounds , letters , or manual gestures , to take but a few examples . in any of these cases , the flmp postulates that mapping a stimulus into a unique perceptual category entails going through three main stages of processing , the feature evaluation stage , the feature integration stage , and the decision stage . the evaluation stage consists of converting the available sources of information into a set of properties referred to as features . each feature is given a continuous ( fuzzy truth ) value , and represents the degree to which the stimulus corresponds to each of a set of internal prototypical patterns , along a particular perceptual dimension . thus , one important visual feature in the perception of cv syllables is the degree of opening of the lips . the model therefore assumes that the internal prototypes available to the perceptual system will specify that the lips are open at the onset of the syllable for / da / , closed for / ba / , etc . in a second stage , the features are integrated with each other , so as to determine the overall degree of match of the sensory input with each of the prototypes ( e . g . each of the syllables known to the receiver ) . in the third and final stage , a decision is taken , on the basis of the relative goodness of match of the input with each prototype . the flmp makes a number of specific assumptions at each stage in this process . first , it hypothesizes that all of the available sources of information are simultaneously brought into play in pattern recognition . thus , visible speech and auditory speech are both assumed to have an influence on how bimodal speech is perceived . second , different sources of information are assumed to be evaluated independently of each other . this means for example that visible speech does not have any effect on how auditory speech is converted into a set of features , the two sources of information being combined at a later stage of processing only . the model also makes specific assumptions about how sources of information are integrated with each other ( multiplicative rule ) , and about how decisions are taken ( relative goodness rule ) . a major prediction of the model is that """""""" the influence of one source of information is greatest when the other source is neutral or ambiguous """""""" ( 19 ) . this prediction is best illustrated by an experiment whose results served as a database for testing models of pattern recognition on several occasions in the book ( chapters 2 and 11 ) . in this experiment , synthetic auditory stimuli ranging on a continuum between / ba / and / da / were crossed with visual stimuli also varying between / ba / and / da / . the bimodal stimuli were presented to subjects in a forced-choice identification task , along with each of the unimodal stimuli . ( this expanded factorial design is shown by massaro to be the most appropriate experimental design for determining how two sources of information are combined with each other in pattern recognition . ) for the bimodal stimuli , the main results are typically depicted as a two-factor plot , with the proportion of / da / responses on the ordinate , the levels of the auditory source of information on the abscissa , and a different curve for each of the levels of the visual source of information . when represented in that way , the results clearly show a statistical interaction between the two sources of information . specifically , the influence of one source of information proves to be larger in the middle , ambiguous range of the other source . this interaction graphically takes the shape of an american football , which is for this reason presented throughout the book as the hallmark of the the fuzzy logical model of perception . in summary , massaro proposes a universal principle of perceptual cognitive performance to explain pattern recognition . according to this principle , """""""" people are influenced by multiple sources of information in a diverse set of situations . in many cases , these sources of information are ambiguous and any particular source alone does not usually specify the appropriate interpretation . the perceiver appears to evaluate the multiple sources of information in parallel for the degree to which each supports various interpretations , integrate them together to derive the overall support for each interpretation , assess the support of each alternative based on all of the alternatives , and select the most appropriate response . """""""" ( p . 291 ) . 2 critical evaluation 2 . 1 general evaluation this book is clearly a major contribution to the study of speech perception and , more generally , to cognitive psychology . it is admirably clear and is written in quite an elegant manner . i do not doubt that the book will be read with great interest by research scientists from many different fields . this work is the result of an ambitious intellectual endeavour aimed at introducing a new behavioural law , which is placed by massaro on an equal footing with weber 's law of perception , or the power law of learning . speech scientists are presented with an extensive series of experiments on the perception of bimodal speech . whatever stance they take in that domain , they should find quite challenging massaro 's view that speech perception constitutes but one aspect of a much more general form of cognitive processing , namely pattern recognition . computer scientists working in the field of speech technology should be particularly interested in the book 's final section about the synthesis of visual speech . regardless of their background , readers should also find the book worth using as a tutorial on the experimental methods available for investigating speech perception . a great variety of experimental paradigms and tasks are discussed at length by massaro , who also extensively discusses the methods for assessing computational models of pattern recognition and , in particular , for fitting these models to observed results . in that respect , using the results of the experiment described above as a reference database was quite a good initiative in my view , as this allows the reader more easily to understand massaro 's point as new issues are raised , without having again to go through the details of the experimental design each time . the book should also prove an invaluable resource for teaching . care was taken to select prototypical results , as well as to set this work in its historical context . a number of rather fascinating anecdotes and historical references are given , going from mcgurk 's personal account of the discovery of the mcgurk effect , to an audio-visual rendition of the introduction to george miller 's seminal article on the ubiquitousness of the number 7 plus or minus 2 , with miller 's face texture-mapped onto baldi 's wire-frame head . the cd-rom that accompanies the book enables the reader directly to experience the psychological illusions associated with the perception of bimodal speech , and constitutes as such a most useful research and teaching tool . on the negative side , massaro 's use of the / ba / - / da / experiment as a leading strand throughout obviously results in the book being focused on the perception of non-sense syllables . although the interaction of visible speech and audible speech in word recognition is mentioned on a number of occasions ( e . g . pp 21-23 and pp . 181-182 ) , the book contains few suggestions as to how we perceive isolated words , let alone connected speech . i also was surprised by the fact that little place was devoted to presenting other current theories and models of speech perception . although models such as trace are mentioned on several occasions in the book , i think it is fair to say that the flmp is still given the lion 's share . the book also has some minor defects such as the absence of a list of figures , and the fact that some of the cd-rom bands ( 1 . 4 , 1 . 5 and 1 . 6 ) are referred to incorrectly in the text . the list of the cd-rom selections should have pointed to the pages where each band is referred to . in another domain , it would have been quite interesting to have the perceptual database used in the book made available on the cd-rom . although this would have probably required a substantial amount of additional work , i should also have found it useful to be provided with an interactive version of the main computational models discussed in the book ( flmp , the race model , the single channel model , etc . ) . the flmp model can be downloaded from massaro 's laboratory web site at santa cruz ( http : / / mambo . ucsc . edu ) , but it is currently distributed in fortran code which has to be modified and recompiled for each new set of data , an operation which is probably out of reach of many students in psychology or linguistics . 2 . 2 specific comments i am not familiar with all of the areas dealt with in this book , and will not hide the fact that this review is biased towards my own interests , namely the production and perception of auditory speech . the following comments more specifically concentrate on two issues relating to this area of research , the role of features in speech processing and the time course of speech processing . 2 . 2 . 1 features most useful are the extensive comments made by massaro about the status of features in his model ( see in particular chapter 2 and chapter 10 ) . i long have found it difficult to determine how close these features were to classical phonetic features . the book makes it clear to me that there is no direct relation between the former and the latter . as indicated above , the flmp postulates that there are three main stages of processing in pattern recognition : the feature evaluation stage , the feature integration stage , and the decision stage . specific assumptions are made in the model about how features are integrated with each other , and how a decision is taken depending on the outcome of this integration . from a set of feature values , therefore , the model will predict the probability of occurrence of each possible response ( e . g . """""""" ba """""""" and """""""" da """""""" ) . however , attention should be paid to the fact that these feature values are in no way derived from the stimulus . they are actually determined in an posteriori manner , from the subjects ' observed responses , using an algorithm ( stepit ) which allows the deviation between these responses and the predicted ones to be minimal . features are seen in the model as * free parameters * , whose values are set on the basis of the actual performance of the subject in the pattern recognition task , so as to make the model perform at its best , i . e . to maximize its goodness of fit . according to massaro , """""""" [ the model is ] * predicting * the exact * form * of the results , but * postdicting * the actual quantitative * values * that make up the overall predictions """""""" ( p . 294 , his emphasis ) . in other words , the stimulus is on no occasion explicitly mapped onto the internal features of the flmp model . in that respect , features as defined in the flmp look markedly different from phonetic features . let us take for example the opposition between / ba / and / da / , on which much emphasis is put in the book . acoustically , / b / and / d / are said to differ from each other according to the feature grave-acute , / b / being classified as grave and / d / as acute . as is the case with flmp features , grave and acute can be viewed as target values referring to prototypical stops . however , the grave-acute feature is explicitly defined in acoustical terms ( e . g . slope of the short-term spectrum at the release of the stop , see stevens & blumstein , 1978 ) . on the contrary , the exact nature of the flmp features remains undetermined , their values being subject to one main constraint which is to make the model account for the subjects ' responses as accurately as possible . thus , the acoustic structure of the stimulus is not directly taken into consideration in the estimation of the feature values . in the experiments using audible speech , flmp features do lend themselves to an acoustic interpretation . in the / ba / - / da / experiment for example , the prototypes for / ba / and / da / are assumed to include one auditory feature , namely the variations in frequency of the second ( f2 ) and third ( f3 ) formants at the onset of the vowel ( slightly falling f2-f3 for / da / , rising f2-f3 for / ba / ) . however , this interpretation stems from the fact that f2 and f3 onset frequencies were precisely the acoustic parameters manipulated by the experimenters to synthesize the auditory continuum between / ba / and / da / . in other words , the acoustic significance of the flmp features is derived from the way in which the experiment has been designed . the model does rely on a particular system of acoustic features ( see for example stevens & blumstein , 1978 , for an alternative system ) , but this system is embodied in the experimental design , and is as such external to the model itself . in practice , therefore , the issue of how speech sounds are mapped onto features is not addressed in the model . why this is so is not clear to me . on several occasions , massaro suggests that determining in advance how a given individual will convert a given stimulus into a set of feature values is simply out of our reach . this stimulus-to - feature mapping shows a variability which is said to be analogous to the variability of the weather : there are just too many previous contributions and influences to allow quantitative prediction ( 135 ) . a fundamental distinction is in fact established in the flmp between the intake of * information * , i . e . the stimulus-to - feature mapping , and * information processing * , i . e . how features are combined with each other and mapped into a response ( cf . p . 135 ) . while the flmp predicts that the information will be processed in the same way from one individual to the other , regardless of whether it relates to speech sounds , facial movements , manual gestures , etc . , it is assumed that the way in which this information is extracted from the stimulus is on the contrary subject to too many sources of variations to be accurately characterized ahead of time . in my understanding , this means that the so-called evaluation stage cannot be accounted for by the model , or at least not with much accuracy . however , at least on one occasion massaro does suggest that this limitation is not consubstantial with every model of perception and pattern recognition , and could be circumvented in some way . according to him , one could indeed """""""" easily hypothesize functions relating the feature values to the stimulus levels , [ although ] that would represent a * model of information * in addition to one of information processing """""""" ( 294 , my emphasis ) . this suggests that building such a model of information is feasible . whether there is a possibility of the flmp being completed with a model of this kind , i . e . an explicit stimulus-to - feature mapping stage , is an issue which remains to be addressed . 2 . 2 . 2 the time course of speech processing time plays quite a central role in different ways in the book . first , massaro shows how the flmp can be explicitly formalized to account for the dynamics of perceptual processing ( chap . 9 ) . this formalization is presented in reply to criticisms expressed by a number of investigators ( e . g . mcclelland , 1991 ) , who have pointed out that the flmp accurately characterizes the asymptotic outcome of the perceptual system ( e . g . the probability for a particular response to occur ) , but has little to say about the time course of processing . the dynamic version of the flmp is intended to address these reactions . in this version , the stimulus-to - feature mapping is assumed to take a certain amount of time . during this interval , the information about the stimulus gradually accumulates , and becomes increasingly accurate . it is assumed that accuracy increases as a negatively accelerated function of processing time , so that more information is gleaned early than late in the processing of the stimulus . one further assumption is that """""""" integration of the separate features [ is ] updated continuously as the featural information is being evaluated . similarly , decision [ can ] occur at any time after the stimulus presentation """""""" ( 259 ) . thus , there is a partial temporal overlap between the different stages of processing , in the sense that one process can begin before a previous process is finished ( see also figure 2 . 1 , p . 41 ) . these assumptions about the time course of information processing are supported by a number of experiments concerned with the effect of backward masking in the recognition of pure tones , and in the recognition of letters . speech obviously raises a number of specific issues in that domain , however . unlike written words , speech is a temporal phenomenon , it is continuous ( i . e . there are no systematic acoustic boundaries between phonemes , syllables , or words ) and , furthermore , time per se serves as a source of information in speech , as pointed out by massaro ( e . g . vowel duration is a major cue to the voicing of the following obstruent , to take but one example ) . somewhat regrettably , few indications are given about how the model could be assessed in the speech domain ( see remarks p . 194 and p . 263 ) . in addition to discussing the dynamics of processing , massaro examines how the temporal relations between sources of information are dealt with in pattern recognition . chapter 3 focuses on our sensitivity to temporal asynchronies between visible and audible speech . in the experiments reported in this chapter , bimodal cv syllables with various degrees of onset asynchrony between the auditory synthetic speech and the visible synthetic speech were presented to subjects in a forced-choice identification task . the results show that integration between the two sources of information still occurs when these sources of information are made asynchronous , provided that the time shift does not exceed a certain duration . one major challenge for phoneticians and psycholinguists alike is to characterize the relationship between what could be called the * external * dynamics of speech , i . e . the temporal organization of the speech signal , and the * internal * time course of speech processing . both play a role in the perception of speech , and it is most difficult to tell apart their respective influences on the listener 's behaviour ( samuel , 1996 ) . for example , in a gating study investigating the role of vowel duration as a cue to the voicing of the post-vocalic stop in cvc syllables , warren and marslen - wilson ( 1988 ) found that the proportion of voiced-coda responses increased as the listeners were presented with increasingly long portions of the initial cv sequence . one obvious interpretation is that longer vowels were perceived as being associated with voiced coda rather than voiceless ones . in keeping with massaro 's dynamical flmp , however , it may also be assumed that evaluating the information provided by the vowel takes time , and that the evidence pointing to a voiced coda gradually accumulates as more processing time is made available to the listener , all other things being equal . thus , the above finding raises the issue of how to differentiate the effect of vowel duration per se on the listener 's response , from that of the internal dynamics of processing . although this issue is not directly addressed in the book , there is no doubt that the flmp would constitute a most appropriate framework for further investigations in this domain . 2 . 3 general conclusion this book provides us with quite an extensive review of the work carried out by the author and others on the use of multiple cues in speech perception and , more generally , pattern recognition . it is aimed at a very large audience , and constitutes a most useful tool both for teaching and research purposes . i do not doubt that it will soon become a major reference for researchers in phonetics , psycholinguistics , and cognitive psychology . 4 bibliography liberman , a . m . ( 1996 ) . speech : a special code ( mit press , cambridge , mass . ) . mcclelland , j . l . ( 1991 ) . """""""" stochastic interactive processes and the effect of context on perception """""""" , cognitive psychology 23 , 1-44 . samuel , a . g . ( 1996 ) . """""""" the role of time during lexical access """""""" , journal of the acoustical society of america 100 , 4 / 2 , 2572 . stevens , k . n . , and blumstein , s . e . ( 1978 ) . """""""" invariant cues for place of articulation in stop consonants """""""" , journal of the acoustical society of america 64 , 1358-1368 . warren , p . , and marslen - wilson , w . ( 1988 ) . """""""" cues to lexical choice - discriminating place and voice """""""" , perception and psychophysics 43 , 21-30 . 5 biographical details the reviewer is a lecturer in the laboratory for psycholinguistics , fpse , university of geneva , switzerland . his current research covers a variety of topics ranging from the dynamics of articulatory movements in speech production to the phonetic bases of word recognition . thanks are due to uli frauenfelder for helpful comments . a latex version of this document is available upon request ( nnguyen @ fapse . unige . ch ) .
  """",0
  2554,""""Subject: 14th comparative germanic syntax workshop
   
   second announcement call for papers the 14th comparative germanic syntax workshop january 8 - 9 , 1999 , lund , sweden invited speakers : kenneth j . safir , rutgers jan - wouter zwart , groningen deadline for submission of abstracts : august 1 , 1998 the time allotted to each paper is 30 minutes , with an additional 10 minutes for discussion . send 3 copies of an anonymous two-page abstract , plus a camera-ready original with authors name , address , and affiliation , to 14th cgs c / o asa wikstrom institutionen fr nordiska sprk helgonabacken 14 s-223 62 lund sweden enquiries can be addressed to : christer . platzack @ nordlund . lu . se http : / / www . nordlund . lu . se / cgs
  """",0
  2555,""""Subject: nels 29 - - final call for papers
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * n e l s 29 * * * * * * * * * * * * * annual meeting of the northeastern linguistic society * * * university of delaware , newark , de october 16-18 , 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = final call for papers = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = one - page anonymous abstracts for talks or posters on any aspect of theoretical linguistics are requested . references , but no examples may be included on a separate page . individuals may submit no more than on abstract for which they are the primary author . submissions deadline : july 1 , 1998 paper and electronic submissions will be accepted ; fax submissions will not . abstracts should be single-spaced in 12 - pt times font ( except for phonetic transcriptions ) and sized for 8 . 5 """""""" x11 """""""" paper . top margins should be at least 1 . 5 inches , with at least one inch for the bottom and side margins . submissions should include : the title , the name ( s ) of the author ( s ) , affiliation ( s ) , mailing and email addresses where the primary author can be reached over the summer , subfield of linguistics which the abstract represents , and whether the abstract is being submitted for consideration as a talk , poster , or both . for paper submissions , ten anonymous copies should be submitted , and the author information should be typed ona 3 """""""" x5 """""""" index card . for electronic submissions , follow the instructions at the nels 29 website : < http : / / sun . ling . udel . edu / nels - 29 > address for correspondance : * * * nels 29 abstracts committee department of linguistics 46 e . delaware avenue newark , de 19716 usa email : nels - 29 @ udel . edu unless otherwise indicated , acknowledgement of receipt will be via e-mail . registration information preregistration fees * * * $ 20 ( us ) for students and $ 40 ( us ) for others before september 16 , 1998 . on - site registration fees * * * $ 25 ( us ) for students and $ 50 ( us ) for others for further information , please consult the nels 29 website or contact us at the e-mail address listed above .
  """",0
  2556,""""Subject: semitic languages workshop
   
   workshop on computational approaches to semitic languages coling-acl98 sunday august 16 , 1998 , university of montreal * * call for pre - registration * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - workshop description although there exists a considerable body of cl research specifically targeted to semitic languages , much of the work to date has been the result of initiatives undertaken by individual researchers or research establishments . a direct consequence is that there is comparatively little awareness amongst practitioners of either the state of the art as practiced outside their own locality , the common challenges faced by all practitioners , or the potential for developing a coordinated approach . the aims of this workshop are therefore : * to provide a forum where current work in a broad range of subfields can be presented , collected and diffused . * to assess the state of the art with a view to identifying promising areas for future collaborative research . * to examine the possibilities of supporting such research through national and international funding initiatives . accepted papers concern arabic , hebrew , maltese and akkadian , in following subject areas : tagging , orthography , morphology , syntax / parsing / generation . the programme comprises a session for each of these themes , together with a short supplementary session for short papers . final programme : http : / / www . cs . um . edu . mt / ~ mros / casl / prog . html pre-registration : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / mainpage . html programme committee members michael rosner , university of malta , malta ( workshop coordinator ) ken beesley , xerox research centre europe , france joe caruana , university of malta , malta khalid choukri , elra / elda , france yaacov choueka , bar ilan university , israel fathi debili , cnrs-cellma ( paris ) / irmc , tunisia ray fabri , university of malta , malta mamoun hattab , arabic textware , amman , jordan george kiraz , bell labs , usa ray fabri , university of malta chadia moghrabi , univerity of moncton , canada mori rimon , hebrew university , israel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - mike rosner ( mros @ cs . um . edu . mt ) last modified : fri feb 20 15 : 08 : 23 met
  """",0
  2557,""""Subject: computers and the humanities : vol 31 , no 3
   
   computers and the humanities volume 31 no . 3 1997 table of contents - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - feature articles - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - high - quality imaging at the national gallery : origins , implementation and applications david saunders pp . 153-167 plata : an application of legal , a machine learning based system , to a typology of archaeological ceramics engelbert mephu nguifo , marie - salome lagrange , monique renaud , jean sallantin pp . 169-187 digital preservation : a time bomb for digital libraries margaret hedstrom pp . 189-202 adding new words into a chinese thesaurus ji donghong , gong junping , huang changning pp . 203-227 notes and discussion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - language independent statistical software for corpus exploration john sinclair , oliver mason , jackie ball , geoff barnbrook pp . 229-255 book review - - - - - - - - - - dickens on disk eric johnson pp . 257-260 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - computers and the humanities the official journal of the association for computers and the humanities editors - in - chief : nancy ide , dept . of computer science , vassar college , usa daniel greenstein , executive , arts and humanities data services , king 's college , uk for subscriptions or information , consult the journal 's www home page : http : / / kapis . www . wkap . nl / or contact : dieke van wijnen kluwer academic publishers spuiboulevard 50 p . o . box 17 3300 aa dordrecht the netherlands phone : ( + 31 ) 78 639 22 64 fax : ( + 31 ) 78 639 22 54 e - mail : dieke . vanwijnen @ wkap . nl members of the association for computers and the humanities ( ach ) receive a subscription to chum at less than half the price of an individual subscription . for information about ach and a membership application , consult http : / / www . ach . org / , or send email to chuck _ bush @ byu . edu .
  """",0
  2558,""""Subject: prepositions workshop
   
   workshop on prepositions organized by hubert cuyckens and guenter radden , englisches seminar , universitaet hamburg friday , june 26 , 1998 14 . 00 - 14 . 15 welcoming address 14 . 15 - 14 . 40 dagmar haumann , paedagogische hochschule erfurt the projections of temporal prepositions 14 . 40 - 15 . 05 stefan schierholz , universitat gottingen regierte praepositionen des deutschen 15 . 05 - 15 . 30 niina ning zhang , zas , berlin locative prepositions in chinese 15 . 30 - 15 . 45 discussion of section papers 16 . 15 - 16 . 40 britta mondorf , universitaet paderborn the effect of prepositional complements on the choice of synthetic or analytic comparatives and superlatives 16 . 40 - 17 . 05 gunter rohdenburg , universitaet paderborn grammatische variation im englischen : zur variablen verwendung von prepositionen 17 . 05 - 17 . 30 priska - monika hottenroth , universitaet hamburg lexical subordination und die rolle der praepostionen im franzoesischen 17 . 30 - 17 . 45 discussion of section papers 18 . 00 - 18 . 25 annette leimllmann , universitaet hamburg getting across 18 . 25 - 18 . 50 hubert cuyckens , universitaet hamburg & antwerpen the preposition to : prepositional and infinitival uses 18 . 50 - 19 . 15 frank brisard and dominiek sandra , antwerp university spatial prepositions and their functional implications 19 . 15 - 19 . 40 birgitta meex , antwerp university die uebertragenen bedeutungen der praeposition ueber 19 . 40 - 20 . 00 discussion of section papers saturday , june 27 , 1998 9 . 00 - 9 . 25 claudio di meola , universitaet koeln praepositionaler rektionswechsel im deutschen unter dem gesichtspunkt der grammatikalisierung 9 . 25 - 9 . 50 kristine jensen de lpez and chris sinha , aarhus university the grammatical and psychological status of zapotec body-part terms : a developmental and cognitive linguistic study 9 . 50 - 10 . 15 tania kuteva , universitaet koeln be + loc . preposition + main verb auxiliation in the languages of europe 10 . 15 - 10 . 40 mechtild reh , universitaet hamburg the story of the southern lwoo preposition * kuom 11 . 40 - 11 . 00 discussion of section papers 11 . 15 - 11 . 40 guenter radden and elisabeth mathis , universitaet hamburg prepositional construal of similarity 11 . 40 - 12 . 05 olaf jaekel , universitaet hamburg prepositions from an onomasiological perspective : the logic of mental containment 12 . 05 - 12 . 30 ren dirven , universitaet duisburg about aboutness 12 . 30 - 12 . 55 elena bellavia , universitaet giessen das lehren der polysemie der praepositionen in deutsch als fremdsprache 12 . 55 - 13 . 15 discussion of section papers * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dr . hubert cuyckens universitaet hamburg englisches seminar von - melle - park 6 d-20146 hamburg tel : + 49-40 - 4123-4853 / - 5972 fax : + 49-40 - 4123-4856 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  2559,""""Subject: phonetics , phonology : intonational phonology
   
   intonational phonology d . robert ladd ( university of edinburgh ) ; intonational phonology ; isbn : 0-521 - 47498 - 1 ; $ 64 . 95 hardback , 6 x 9 , 349 pp . ; pub . date : 1 / 13 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press intonation is becoming increasingly prominent in areas from phonology to speech recognition . ladd gives an exceptionally clear overview of the key ideas of pierrehumbert 's autosegmental-metrical theory to intonational phonology , and discusses alternative approaches . he also looks critically at the version put forward by generativists , and offers his own solutions . this book will appeal to phonologists as an original contribution , and will be welcomed by students and researchers , who will find in it the ideal overview of recent work . ; contents : 1 . introduction to intonational phonology ; 2 . fundamental concepts of the autosegmental-metrical theory ; 3 . phonological representation of pitch in the am theory ; 4 . cross - language comparison of intonation ; 5 . patterns of prominence ; 6 . prosodic structure ; 7 . pitch range ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html
  """",0
  2560,""""Subject: sociolinguistics
   
   social influences on vocal development social influences on vocal development ; isbn : 0-521 - 49526 - 1 ; hardback , 7 1 / 2 x 9 3 / 4 , 362 pp . ; charles t . snowdon , ed . ( university of wisconsin , madison ) ; pub . date : 3 / 28 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 90 ; both song and language require species-specific stimulation at a sensitive period in development , as well as subsequent practice ( subsong and plastic song in birds and babbling in infant humans ) that leads to the development of characteristic vocalizations for each species . this book illustrates how social interactions during development can shape vocal learning and extend the sensitive period beyond infancy , and how social companions can induce flexibility even into adulthood . this book shows how social companions in a wide range of species including birds and humans as well as cetaceans and nonhuman primates play important roles in the shaping of vocal production as well as the comprehension and appropriate use of vocal communication . ; contents : 1 . introduction , c . t . snowdon &amp ; m . hausberger / 2 . social interaction and sensitive phases for song learning : a critical review , d . a . nelson / 3 . social interaction and vocal development in birds , l . f . baptista &amp ; s . l . l . gaunt / 4 . building a social agenda for the study of bird song , m . j . west , a . p . king &amp ; t . m . freeberg / 5 . field observations , experimental design and the time and place of learning in bird songs , r . b . payne &amp ; l . l . payne / 6 . vocal learning in wild and domesticated zebra finches : signature cues for kin recognition or epiphenomena ? , r . zann / 7 . what birds with complex social relationships can tell us about vocal learning : vocal sharing in avian groups , e . d . brown &amp ; s . m . farabaugh / 8 . social influences on song acquisition and sharing in the european starling ( sturnus vulgaris ) , m . hausberger / 9 . social influences on the acquisition of human-based codes in parrots and nonhuman primates , i . m . pepperberg / 10 . vocal learning in captive bottlenose dolphins : a comparison to humans and nonhuman animals , b . mccowan &amp ; d . reiss / 11 . vocal learning in cetaceans , p . l . tyack &amp ; l . s . sayigh / 12 . social influences on vocal development in new world primates , c . t . snowdon , a . m . elowson &amp ; r . s . roush / 13 . some general features of vocal development in nonhuman primates , r . m . seyfarth &amp ; d . l . cheney / 14 . social influences on vocal learning in human and nonhuman primates , j . l . locke &amp ; c . snow / 15 . the resilience of language in humans , s . goldin - meadow / 16 . reciprocal interactions and the development of communication and language between parents and children , annick jouanjean - l ' anto ^ d&quot ; ene / 17 . crafting activities : building social organization through language in girls ' and boys ' groups , m . harness goodwin ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html interaction and the development of mind a . j . wootton ( university of york ) ; interaction and the development of mind ; isbn : 0-521 - 57341 - 6 ; hardback , 5 1 / 2 x 8 1 / 2 , 230 pp . ; pub . date : 4 / 13 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 54 . 95 ; this study identifies key mechanisms through which a young child operates with external knowledge in his / her immediate social context . central to this is the child 's capacity to draw on discourse-based understandings that have become evident in prior interaction . in contrast to studies that analyze development under different headings , such as language , emotions and cognition , tony wootton links these aspects in his examination of the state of understanding that exists at any given moment in interaction . the result is a distinctive social constructionist approach to children 's development . ; contents : 1 . overview of arguments and procedures ; 2 . requesting at 12-24 months : an overview ; 3 . imperatives and sequential knowledge ; 4 . distressing incidents ; 5 . the emergence of two request forms ; 6 . general skills involved in early requesting . ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html language shift and cultural reproduction : socialization , self and syncretism in a papua new guinea village don kulick ( stockholm university ) ; language shift and cultural reproduction : socialization , self and syncretism in a papua new guinea village ; isbn : 0-521 - 59926 - 1 ; paperback , 6 x 9 , 335 pp . ; pub . date : 4 / 28 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 24 . 95 ; don kulick 's book is an anthropological study of language and cultural change among a small group of people living in the sepik region of papua new guinea . he examines why the villagers of gapun are abandoning their vernacular in favor of tok pisin , the most widely spoken language in papua new guinea , despite their attachment to their own language as a source of identity and as a tie to their lands . he draws on an examination of village language socialization process and on marshall sahlins 's ideas about structure and event . ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html
  """",0
  2561,""""Subject: morphology and syntax
   
   describing morphosyntax : a guide for field linguists thomas e . payne ( university of oregon ) ; describing morphosyntax : a guide for field linguists ; isbn : 0-521 - 58224 - 5 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 430 pp . ; pub . date : 10 / 31 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 64 . 95 ; this book is a guide for linguistic fieldworkers who wish to write a description of the morphology and syntax of one of the world 's many underdocumented languages . it offers readers who work through it one possible outline for a grammatical description , with many questions designed to help them address the key topics . appendices offer guidance on text and elicited data , and on sample reference grammars that readers might wish to consult . this will be a valuable resource to anyone engaged in linguistic fieldwork . ; contents : introduction ; 1 . demographic and ethnographic information ; 2 . morphological typology ; 3 . grammatical categories ; 4 . constituent order typology ; 5 . noun and noun-phrase operations ; 6 . predicate nominals and related constructions ; 7 . grammatical relations ; ! 8 . voice and valence adjusting operations ; 9 . other verb and veb-phrase operations ; 10 . pragmatically marked structures ; 11 . clause combinations ; 12 . conclusions : the language in use ; appendix 1 : on text and elicited data ; appendix 2 : sample reference grammars ; references ; indexes ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html parameters of morphosyntactic change parameters of morphosyntactic change ; isbn : 0-521 - 58402 - 7 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 556 pp . ; ans van kemenade , ed . ( free university of amsterdam ) ; pub . date : 6 / 30 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 74 . 95 ; the relationship between changes in ( inflectional ) morphology and the consequences of these changes in syntax has been a perennial issue in historical linguistics . the contributors to this volume address the issue of how to model the phenomena of syntactic and morphological change within recent frameworks , including the minimalist programme . topics addressed include the way categories like aspect and mood interact over time with the valency of verbs ; the nature of changes in verb placement ; the changing division of labor between different types of argument marking - - case , word order , clitics , agreement . ^ l the volume contains chapters by many of the leading scholars in the field . there is a substantial introduction which reviews the development of ideas in generative histori ! cal syntax over the last fifteen years , and assesses the distinctive properties of the generative position . the volume will appeal to those working in theoretical syntax , and also to specialists in the history of german , french and the romance and germanic languages more broadly . ; contents : introduction : parameters and morphosyntactic change ans van kemenade and nigel vincent ; part i . aspect , argument structure and case selection : 1 . the interdependence of cas , aspect and referentiality in the history of german werner abraham ; 2 . the rise of the article in the germanic languages julia philippi ; 3 . the diachronic development of a modal verb of necessity paola beninca and cecilia poletto ; 4 . auxiliary verbs in old and middle french philip h . miller ; 5 . commentary on part i : aspect , argument structure and case selection alessandra tomaselli ; part ii . clitics : 6 . the emergence of the d - system in romance nigel vincent ; 7 . on two locations for complement clitic pronouns maria luisa ! rivero ; 8 . on the integration of second position phenomena josep m second and comp : 9 . shifting triggers and diachronic reanalyses david lightfoot ; 10 . viewing change in progress alison henry ; 11 . verb movement in old and middle english anthony kroch and ann taylor ; 12 . v2 and embedded topicalization in old and middle english ans van kemenade ; 13 . qu ' est-ce que ce que : the diachronic evolution of a french complementizer laurie zaring and paul hirschbuhler ; 14 . the structure of parametric change , and v - movement in the history of english anthony warner ; part iv . scrambling and morphological change : 15 . directionality and word orderchange in the history of english ian roberts ; 16 . on the relation between morphological and syntactic case fred weerman ; 17 . the rise of positional licensing paul kiparsky ; the papers by kiparsky , roberts and weerman : an epilogue hoskuldur thrainsson ; references ; index . ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html a notional theory of syntactic categories john m . anderson ( university of edinburgh ) ; a notional theory of syntactic categories ; isbn : 0-521 - 58023 - 4 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 365 pp . ; pub . date : 4 / 28 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 69 . 95 ; this book presents an innovative theory of syntactic categories and the lexical classes they define . it revives the traditional idea that these are to be distinguished notionally ( semantically ) . the author proposes a notation based on semantic features that accounts for the syntactic behavior of classes . the book also presents a case for considering this classification - - again in a rather traditional vein - - to be basic to determining the syntactic structure of sentences . ; contents : 1 . prelude ; 2 . fundamentals of a notional theory ; 3 . the syntax of categories . ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html the raising of predicates : predicative noun phrases and the theory of clause structure andrea moro ( istituto scientifico h san raffaele , milan ) ; the raising of predicates : predicative noun phrases and the theory of clause structure ; isbn : 0-521 - 56233 - 3 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 328 pp . ; pub . date : 1 / 13 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 64 . 95 ; one of the basic premises of the theory of syntax is that clause structures can be minimally identified as containing a verb phrase , playing the role of predicate , and a noun phrase , playing the role of subject . in this study andrea moro identifies a new category of copular sentences , namely inverse copular sentences , where the predicative noun phrase occupies the position that is canonically reserved for subjects . in the process , he sheds new light on such classical issues as the distribution and nature of expletives , locality theory and cliticization phenomena . ; contents : 1 . the anomaly of copular sentences : the raising of predicates ; 2 . the syntax of ci ; 3 . are there parameters in semantics ? the defining properties of e ! xistential sentences ; 4 . the ' quasi-copula ' : on the role of finite clauses in seem-sentences ; 5 . a view beyond : unaccusativity as an epiphenomenon ; appendix : a brief history of the copula . ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html
  """",0
  2562,""""Subject: semantics
   
   the dynamics of focus structure nomi erteschik - shir ( ben - gurion university of the negev ) ; the dynamics of focus structure ; isbn : 0-521 - 59217 - 8 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 294 pp . ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 64 . 95 ; all modes of perception ( vision , hearing , etc . ) are organized into foreground or focus and background constituents . natural language sentences are no different . this book explores the role of focusing in natural language sentences and the role of this basic cognitive mechanism in explaining sentence stress , meaning and structure . the result is an innovative view of our linguistic competence . ; contents : introduction ; 1 . the interpretation of f-structure ; 2 . reference and coreference ; 3 . negation , questions and contrast ; 4 . the phonological interpretation f-structure ; 5 . scope and r-dependencies ; 6 . i - dependencies in da s-structure ; conclusion ; references ; index of names ; index of subjects . order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html focus and natural language processing : linguistic , cognitive , and computational perspectives focus and natural language processing : linguistic , cognitive , and computational perspectives ; isbn : 0-521 - 58305 - 5 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , c . 300 pp . ; p . bosch , ed . ( institute for logic and linguistics , ibm , germany ) ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 59 . 95 ; this books presents a collection of papers on the issue of focus in its broadest sense . while commonly considered as being related to phenomena such as presupposition and anaphora , focusing is much more widely spread , and it is this pervasiveness that the current collection addresses . the work loosely originates from a conference held in 1994 in schloss wolfsbrunnen in germany , although only a small subpart of the proceedings papers presented are included here . the contributed papers have been reworked for the current volume to present a coherent study of the subject . ; contents : introduction ; part 1 ; intonation and syntax ; 1 ; contrastive stress , contrariety and focus ; 2 ; the processing of information structure in synphonics ; 3 ; focus and sentence accents in english ; 4 ; informational autonomy ; 5 ; focus and operator scope in german ; 6 ; subject - prodrop in yiddish ; 7 ; remarks on intonation and """""""" focus """""""" ; part 2 ; semantics ; 8 ; what is the alternative ? ; 9 ; topic ; 10 ; focus with nominal quantifiers ; 11 ; dependencies in focus-structure ; 12 ; topic , focus and negation ; 13 ; topic , focus and weak quantifiers ; 14 ; focus , quantification , and semantics-pragmatic issues ; 15 ; association with focus or association with presupposition ? ; 16 ; time adverbials in sentence and discourse ; part 3 ; discourse ; 17 ; focusing particles and ellipsis resolution ; 18 ; discourse and the focus / background distinction ; 19 ; on different kinds of focus ; 20 ; stressed and unstressed pronouns : complementary preferences ; 21 ; frame shifts : indefinite reference to familiar referents ; 22 ; discourse linking and discourse subordination ; 23 ; domain restriction ; 24 ; updates , files and focus-ground ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html
  """",0
  2563,""""Subject: cognitive linguistics
   
   possession : cognitive sources , forces and grammaticalization bernd heine ( university of cologne ) ; possession : cognitive sources , forces and grammaticalization ; isbn : 0-521 - 55037 - 8 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 290 pp . ; pub . date : 6 / 30 / 97 publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 64 . 95 ; bernd heine argues that the structure of grammatical categories is predictable to a large extent once we know the range of possible cognitive structures from which they are derived . the author uses as his example the structure of predicative possession , and shows how most of the possessive constructions to be found in the world 's languages can be traced back to a small set of basic conceptual patterns . using grammaticalization theory heine describes how each affects the word order and morphosyntax of the resulting possessive construction . ; contents : 1 . the state / 2 . the process / 3 . on attributive possession / 4 . from possession to aspect / 5 . evaluation / appendix : a world-wide survey of have-constructions / references ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html color categories in thought and language color categories in thought and language ; isbn : 0-521 - 49693 - 4 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 414 pp . ; c . l . hardin , ed . ( emeritus , syracuse university ) ; pub . date : 7 / 30 / 97 publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 74 . 95 ; twenty - five years ago , berlin and kay argued that there are commonalities of basic color term use that extend across languages and cultures , and probably express universal features of perception and cognition . in this volume , a distinguished team of contributors from visual science , psychology , linguistics and anthropology examine how these claims have fared in the light of current knowledge , surveying key ideas , results and techniques from the study of human color vision as well as field methods and theoretical interpretations drawn from linguistic anthropology . order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html mappings in thought and language gilles fauconnier ( university of california , san diego ) ; mappings in thought and language ; isbn : 0-521 - 46062 - x ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 217 pp . ; pub . date : 4 / 30 / 97 publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 54 . 95 ; meaning in everyday thought and language is constructed at lightning speed . we are not conscious of the staggering complexity of the cognitive operations that drive our simplest behavior . this book reveals the creativity that underlies our effortless use of language in everyday life , when we engage in conversation , understand humor , or solve puzzles . the capacities and principles that we develop from infancy for ordinary thinking and talking are also the ones that drive scientific and artistic thought , high-level reasoning , and conceptual change . ; content : 1 . mappings / 2 . mental space connections / 3 . tense and mood / 4 . analogical counterfactuals / 5 . matching / 6 . blends ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html language and conceptualization language and conceptualization ; isbn : 0-521 - 55303 - 2 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 289 pp . ; jan nuyts , ed . ( university of antwerp ) ; pub . date : 5 / 31 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 59 . 95 ; to what extent is conceptualization based on linguistic representation ? and to what extent is it variable across cultures , communities or even individuals ? of crucial importance in the attempt to develop a comprehensive theory of human cognition , these remain among the most difficult questions in the cognitive sciences . this volume brings together ten new contributions from leading scholars working in a wide cross section of disciplines , including linguistics , anthropology , psychology and philosophy . ; contents : 1 . overview : on the relationship between language and conceptualization , jan nuyts and eric pederson / 2 . from outer to inner space : linguistic categories and non-linguistic thinking , stephen c . levinson / 3 . spatial operations in deixis , cognition and culture , balthasar bickel / 4 . remote worlds : the conceptual representation of linguistic would , paul werth / 5 . role and individual representations of change predicates , eve sweetser / 6 . changing place in english and german : language-specific preferences in the conceptualisation of spatial relations , mary carroll / 7 . mapping conceptual representations into linguistic representations : the role of attention in grammar , russell s . tomlin / 8 . growth points cross-linguistically , david mcneill / 9 . on the modularity of sentence processing : semantical generality and the language of thought , jay atlas / 10 . the contextual basis of cognitive semantics , ronald w . langacker / 11 . the cognitive foundations of pragmatic principles : implications for theories of linguistic and cognitive representation , edward a robinson . order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html comprehension : a paradigm for cognition walter kintsch ( university of colorado , boulder ) ; comprehension : a paradigm for cognition ; isbn : 0-521 - 58360 - 8 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 461 pp . ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 69 . 95 ; in this book , walter kintsch presents a theory of human text comprehension and extends his analysis to related areas . comprehension is conceptualized as a two-stage process : first , approximate , inaccurate representations are constructed via context insensitive construction rules , which are then integrated via a spreading activation constraint satisfaction process . in part i , the general theory is presented and an attempt is made to situate it within the current theoretical landscape in cognitive science . the second part addresses many of the topics that are typically found in a cognitive psychology text , including how word meanings are identified in a discourse context ; how words are combined to form coherent representations of texts , both at the local and global level ; what the role is of working memory in comprehension ; how relevant knowledge is activated during reading ; and what is the distinction between remembering a text and learning from a text . ; contents : 1 . introduction / part i . the theory / 2 . cognition and representation / 3 . propositional representations / 4 . modeling comprehension processes : the construction - integration model / part ii . models of comprehension / 5 . word identification in discourse / 6 . textbases and situation models / 7 . the role of working memory in comprehension / 8 . memory for text / 9 . learning from text / 10 . word problems / 11 . beyond text ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html
  """",0
  2564,""""Subject: historical linguistics
   
   historical linguistics and language change roger lass ( university of cape town ) ; historical linguistics and language change ; isbn : 0-521 - 45924 - 9 ; paperback , 6 x 9 , c . 471 pp . ; pub . date : 04-13 - 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 29 . 95 ; language change happens in the spatio-temporal world . historical linguistics is the craft linguists exercise upon its results , in order to tell coherent stories about it . in a series of linked essays roger lass offers a critical survey of the foundations of the art of historical linguistics , and its interaction with its subject matter , language change , taking as his background some of the major philosophical issues that arise fromthese considerations . the paradoxical conclusion is that our historiographical methods are often better than the data they have to work with . ; contents : preface ; general prologue ; 1 . the past , the present and the historian ; 2 . written records : evidence and argument ; 3 . relatedness , ancestry and comparison ; 4 . convergence and contact ; 5 . the nature of reconstruction ; 6 . time and change : the shape ( s ) of history ; 7 . explanation and ontology ; references ; index . order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html
  """",0
  2565,""""Subject: relevance theory workshop : provisional schedule
   
   here is the * provisional * programme for the forthcoming relevance theory workshop . a registration form is included at the end of the programme ( reduced rate for registration before 1 july ) . hard copies of the registration form can be obtained from vlad zegarac at the address below . on registration , participants will receive abstracts of the papers together with travel information . ( steve nicolle ) relevance theory workshop - provisional programme tuesday 8 sept 11 . 00 registration begins ( set up posters ) 1 . 00 lunch 2 . 15 - 4 . 00 panel on conceptual and procedural encoding jaqcues moeschler ( anne reboul ) - directional inferences and the conceptual / procedural encoding distinction tomoko matsui - implicature , explicature , higher-level explicature and procedural constraints : japanese connectives dakara and sorede thorstein fretheim - are there at least two at least ' ? 4 . 30 - 4 . 50 corinne iten - procedural meaning : the cases of ' although ' and ' but ' 4 . 50 - 5 . 30 invited talk : diane blakemore - procedural meaning : ' nevertheless ' , ' yet ' and ' but ' ( again ) 5 . 35 - 6 . 00 discussion 6 . 15 - 7 . 00 invited talk : robyn carston - truth - conditional semantics and what is communicated 8 . 15 keynote speech : deirdre wilson wed 9 september ( at university of luton conference centre , putteridge berry ) 9 . 30-11 . 15 panel on non - truth conditional meaning reiko itani - on sentence particle ne joo peres / rui marques - narrowing and structuring the domain of conversational implicature cassandre cresswell - non - argument reflexives in english : a pragmatic analysis 11 . 45-12 . 55 panel on reference anne reboul - a relevance theoretic approach to reference george powell - the deferred use of proper names 2 . 00 - 2 . 45 vicky escandell - vidal - metapropositons as metarepresentations 3 . 00 - 4 . 45 panel on relevance theory and literature ian mackenzie - relevance and deconstruction john constable - metre as an engine of unstructured implication christoph unger - on the influence of genre on the deduction of implicatures 5 . 15 - 6 . 25 panel on relevance theory and philosophy lszl tarnay - how to kleiber a sperber - wilson ? tams plya - on rationality and relevance 7 . 45 - 9 . 30 panel on reformulations of relevance theory richard breheny - reformulations in relevance theory and stronger meaning ernst - august gutt - relevance and effort : a paper for discussion milena nuti - the cary - anne situation thurs 10 sept - a . m . 9 . 00-10 . 00 panel on non - truth conditional meaning anna papafragou - the comprehension of indirect requests : pragmatic and developmental perspectives nathalie franken - speech acts in relevance theory : a critical assessment 10 . 20-11 . 00 peter grundy - explicature , implicature and cultural affiliation 11 . 00 - 1 . 30 papers on applications of relevance theory robin setton - relevance theory and simultaneous conference interpretation alex klinge - context construction and conventionalisation guylaine gonel / bernard levrat - taking relevance into account in question-answering systems : an approach of relevance theory modelling followed by lagb workshop on experimental pragmatics . registration form if you wish to register , please complete this form and send it back with ( evidence of ) your payment to the following address : vlad zegarac dept . of linguistics university of luton faculty of humanities 75 castle street luton bedfordshire lu1 3aj united kingdom name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address for correspondence : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e-mail address : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i would like to register for : ( please circle a or b ) a - - - - - - - - - - the whole conference package b - - - - - - - - - - the conference fee + the options as indicated below ( please put a tick on the line next to your chosen options ) the """""""" package """""""" price : stlg95 ( if sent to arrive by the end of june 1998 ) this includes : conference fee ( obligatory ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ options ( included in the package ) : lunch ( 8th sept . ) stlg7 , 50 _ _ _ dinner ( 8th sept . ) stlg7 . 50 _ _ _ accommodation ( inc . breakfast ) ( 8 / 9 sept . ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ lunch ( 9th sept . ) stlg10 _ _ _ _ _ dinner ( 9th sept . ) stlg10 _ _ _ _ _ accommodation ( inc . breakfast ) ( 9 / 10 sept ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ extra options ( not included in the package ) : accommodation ( inc . breakfast ) ( 7 / 8 sept . ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ accommodation ( inc . breakfast ) ( 10 / 11 sept . ) stlg20 _ _ _ _ _ lunch ( 10 sept . ) stlg7 , 50 _ _ for payments made after the end of june 1998 add an extra stlg5 methods of payment : return a hard copy of this form and either : 1 . enclose a cheque ( made payable to university of luton ) or 2 . complete and sign the following instruction : please debit stlg _ _ _ _ _ _ from my visa / mastercard number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ valid until _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name in print : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ signature : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ or 3 . pay by direct bank transfer to the university of luton , midland bank plc . , george street , luton , beds , united kingdom account number : 81276360 sort code : 40 - 30 - 32 ( please encolse a bank receipt )
  """",0
  2566,""""Subject: honored by two keynote speakers
   
   international conference on natural language processing and industrial applications nlp + ia 98 > > > special accent on computer assisted language learning < < < conference internationale sur le traitement automatique des langues et ses applications industrielles tal + ai 98 > > > attention speciale portee a l ' enseignement de la langue < < < august / aout 18-21 , 1998 moncton , new - brunswick , canada we are honored that two renouned speakers have accepted our invitation / nous sommes honores par deux conferenciers de grande renommee qui ont accepte notre invitation : margaret king : issco , university of geneva , switzerland talk on language resources and evaluation / ressources et evaluation linguistiques thierry chanier : universite franche - comte , france presentation sur l ' enseignement de la langue et le tal / talk on language learning and nlp make sure not to miss them . . . soyez - la ! official languages : english and french are the official languages of the conference . proceedings would be published in the language of the submitted texts . conference organization : the conference is organized by gretal , groupe d ' etude sur le traitement automatique des langues at the universite ' de moncton and geta-clips in grenoble . organizing committee chadia moghrabi , professor of computer science , chair jalal almhana , professor and director of computer science julien chiasson , professor of computer science sadek eid , professor of industrial engineering , director manufacturing technology centre , boubakeur meddeb - hamrouni , researcher geta-clips and winsoft paul tarau , professor of computer science * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dr . chadia moghrabi , professeure * * nlp + ia / tal + ai 98 * * departement d ' informatique * * faculte des sciences * * universite de moncton tel : ( 506 ) 858-4521 * * moncton , n . - b . fax : ( 506 ) 858-4541 * * e1a 3e9 , canada e-mail : nlp + ia - 98 @ imag . fr * * sabbatique au geta-clips / tel : + 33 476 51 4369 / fax : + 33 476 51 4405 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  2567,""""Subject: corrected announcement of the syllable conference
   
   final and corrected conference announcement the syllable : typology and theory to be held at tuebingen , germany june 30th 1998 to july 2nd 1998 monday , 29 june 1998 18 . 00-20 . 00 welcome and informal registration ( hotel am schloss ) tuesday , 30 june 1998 ( schloss hohentuebingen , fuerstenzimmer ) 9 . 30 - 9 . 45 opening remarks 9 . 45 - 10 . 45 stuart davis , university of indiana , bloomington the controversy over geminates and syllable weight . 11 . 00 - 12 . 00 haruo kubozono , kobe university syllable weight and asymmetries in a mora language . 1 . 30 - 2 . 30 frida morelli , university of maryland , college park the onset / coda asymmetry in obstruent clusters . 2 . 45 - 3 . 45 junko ito and armin mester , uc , santa cruz and university of tuebingen issues in german syllabification . 4 . 00 - 5 . 00 steven mccartney , university of helsinki and university of texas , austin opacity in finnish and an account of the ` ` exceptions ' ' . 5 . 15 - 6 . 15 paul kiparsky , stanford university syllables and moras in arabic . wednesday , 1st july 1998 9 . 30 - 10 . 30 ruben van de vijver , tuebingen university civ - lengthening and the syllable contact law 10 . 45 - 11 . 45 joao costa and m . joao freitas , university of lisbon v and cv as unmarked syllables : evidence from the acquisition of portuguese . 1 . 30 - 2 . 30 antony dubach green , zentrum fr sprachwissenschaft , berlin extrasyllabic consonants in onset position . 2 . 45 - 3 . 45 caroline wiltshire , university of florida , gainesville beyond codas : word and phrase final alignment . 4 . 00 - 5 . 00 john mccarthy , university of massachusetts , amherst prosodic theory and prosodic templates . party thursday , 2nd july 1998 ( max - plank - haus , spemannstr . 26 ) 9 . 30 - 10 . 30 harry van der hulst , leiden university syllable structure and segmental structure are one . 10 . 45 - 11 . 45 marc van oostendorp , leiden university fricatives and final devoicing in frisian and dutch . 1 . 30 - 2 . 30 richard wiese , marburg university root shapes as syllable constraints . 2 . 45 - 3 . 45 draga zec , cornell university , ithaca prosodic weight . for more information , please see our website : http : / / coletrane . sfs . nphil . uni-tuebingen . de / lehrstuhl / ruben / conference . html mail to author or ruben-van - de-vijver @ uni-tuebingen . de * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * caroline fery phone : + 7071-29 - 77304 seminar fuer sprachwissenschaft fax : + 7071-550 520 wilhelmstr . 113 caroline . fery @ uni-tuebingen . de 72074 tuebingen germany * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  """",0
  2568,""""Subject: lexical functional grammar conf : final call for papers
   
   final call for papers lfg98 1998 international lexical functional grammar conference 30 june - 2 july 1998 the university of queensland , brisbane , australia - - - - > submission receipt deadline : 30 january 1998 < - - - - url : http : / / www . sultry . arts . usyd . edu . au / lfg98 / enquiries : lfg98 @ sultry . arts . usyd . edu . au you are invited you to participate in lfg98 which will take place from 30 june till 2 july 1998 at emmanuel college , the university of queensland , brisbane , australia . lfg98 , the third in a series of international conferences , will take place just before the australian linguistic society annual meeting and the two week australian linguistic institute . the conference welcomes work both within the formal architecture of lexical - functional grammar and typological , formal , and computational work within the 's pirit of lfg ' , as a lexicalist approach to language employing a parallel , constraint-based framework . the conference aims to promote interaction and collaboration among researchers interested in nonderivational approaches to grammar , where grammar is seen as the interaction of constraints from multiple levels , including category information , grammatical relations , and semantic information . further information about the syntactic theory lfg can be obtained from : http : / / clwww . essex . ac . uk / lfg / participation lfg98 will be attended by most of the leading figures in the international lfg community including farrell ackerman , avery andrews , kersti borjars , joan bresnan , mary dalrymple , ron kaplan , k . p . mohanan , tara mohanan , nigel vincent , annie zaenen , . . . submissions the conference will involve 20 - minute talks , poster / system presentations , and workshops . talks and poster presentations will focus on results from completed as well as ongoing research , with an emphasis on novel approaches , methods , ideas , and perspectives , whether descriptive , theoretical , formal or computational . we particularly welcome papers and suggestions for workshops on languages of the asia - pacific region . abstracts and papers must be received by 30 january 1998 , and should be submitted to the program committee chairs at the address given below . organisers and their contact addresses send paper / abstract / poster submissions and inquiries about submissions to : program committee chairs : tracy king < thking @ parc . xerox . com > miriam butt < miriam . butt @ uni-konstanz . de > mail : tracy holloway king information sciences and technologies laboratory xerox parc 3333 coyote hill road palo alto ca 94304 usa contact the conference organisers at : organisers : christopher manning < cmanning @ mail . usyd . edu . au > jane simpson < jhs @ mail . usyd . edu . au > email : lfg98 @ sultry . arts . usyd . edu . au mail : christopher manning or jane simpson linguistics f12 university of sydney nsw 2006 australia more information ( registration , abstract specifications , etc . ) more information is available in the full call for papers , available at the conference website : http : / / www . sultry . arts . usyd . edu . au / lfg98 /
  """",0
  2569,""""Subject: icslp ' 98
   
   call for papers for the 5th international conference on spoken language processing icslp ' 98 sydney convention & exhibition centre november 30th - december 4th 1998 the icslp ' 98 conference will continue the eight year tradition of the icslp series in bringing together professionals from all the diverse disciplines that contribute to spoken language processing . it will be the premier international display of the state-of - the-art in this broad field in 1998 . the conference will build bridges between people and sub-disciplines in order to create and nurture synergies that are important for the future of the field . keynote presentations and other plenary events which bring both experience and vision of multi-disciplinary attacks on grand challenges in spoken language processing in both humans and machines will contribute to our aims . a student day at which full-time student registrants may present their ideas under the guidance of senior mentors is also planned . however , it is the quality of the delegate presentations which will be the major factor in making icslp ' 98 a truly landmark event . this call for papers offers to you the opportunity to be a part of this significant event . co-sponsoring societies acoustical society of america acoustical society of china acoustical society of japan acoustical society of korea association for computational linguistics association for computational linguistics and chinese language processing audiological society of australia inc . australian linguistic society european speech communication association ieee signal processing society international phonetic association international society for phonetic sciences international advisory board souguil j . m . ann , seoul national university , korea jens p . blauert , ruhr - universitaet , germany michael brooke , university of bath , united kingdom timothy bunnell , university of delaware , usa anne cutler , max - planck - institute for psycholinguistics , netherlands hiroya fujisaki , science university of tokyo , japan julia hirschberg , at&t bell laboratories , usa bjorn granstrom , royal institute of technology , sweden lin - shan lee , national taiwan university , taiwan roger moore , defence research authority , united kingdom john j . ohala , university of california , berkeley , usa louis c . w . pols , university of amsterdam , netherlands christel sorin , centre nationale d ' etude des telecommunications , france yoh ' ichi tohkura , atr , japan jialu zhang , academia sinica , china conference secretariat tour hosts conference & exhibition organisers gpo box 128 sydney nsw 2000 australia tel : + 61 2 9262 2277 fax : + 61 2 9262 3135 email : icslp98 @ tourhosts . com . au submission procedure submissions are invited in any of the following technical topic areas : a . human speech production , acoustic - phonetics and articulatory models b . human speech perception c . language acquisition : first and second languages d . spoken language and dialogue modelling ; dialogue systems e . isolated word recognition f . large vocabulary continuous speech recognition g . utterance verification and word spotting h . speaker adaptation and normalisation in speech recognition i . speaker and language recognition ; dialects and speaking styles j . multilingual perception and recognition k . signal processing , speech analysis and feature extraction l . robust speech processing in adverse environments m . hidden markov model techniques n . artificial neural networks , fuzzy and evolutionary algorithms o . spoken language understanding systems p . text - to - speech synthesis q . prosody and emotion ; focus , stress and accent r . speech coding s . spoken language generation systems ; concept - to - speech t . spoken language translation systems u . analysis of speech and hearing disorders v . speech processing for the speech - impaired and hearing - impaired w . segmentation , labelling and speech corpora x . speech technology applications and human - machine interfaces y . spoken language processing and multimodality z . other areas of spoken language processing format of submission acceptance of papers for presentation at the conference will be on the basis of reviewed summaries . you should submit a summary of your paper comprising approximately 500 words . at the top of the page , please specify the following : corresponding author contact details : full name full postal mail address email address fax number phone number proposed paper details : paper title author list topic id ( a - z ) four additional keywords presentation preference ( oral , poster , student day ) the topic id should be a single category from the topic list specified as an alphabetic letter ; if your submission falls within the broad area of spoken language processing but is not explicitly represented in the topic list , please use the z category . the four additional keywords are requested in order to assist the programme committee in assigning reviewers . means of submission electronic submission of summaries via the world wide web is preferred . a summary submission form is available via url at http : / / cslab . anu . edu . au / icslp98 alternatively , a pro-forma for email submission can be obtained from this url or by emailing icslp98 @ tourhosts . com . au . email submissions should be sent to icslp98 @ one . net . au . if electronic submission is not possible , postal submissions ( 4 copies ) to the icslp ' 98 secretariat address specified below will be accepted provided that they adhere to the above format . please do not fax submissions . restrictions on submissions please note that only ascii summaries written in english will be accepted . do not include any attachments , graphics , or embedded formatting commands . given the large number of submissions we expect to receive , anything that cannot be printed directly will be rejected without consideration . acknowledgment of receipt you should receive an acknowledgment of receipt within 72 hours of electronically submitting your summary . if this does not happen , then you should resend your submission by email to icslp98 @ one . net . au with the word resubmission at the beginning of the subject line . if an acknowledgment is still not forthcoming , an email problem should be assumed , and the summary submitted by fax . please do not resubmit or send by fax for any other reasons than lack of acknowledgment from the conference . conditions of acceptance all papers must be presented in english by one of the listed authors . that author will be required to register no later than the full-paper submission date . summaries will not be accepted after the submission date . student day submissions students wishing to submit papers for the sst student day should submit summaries as above . these submissions will be separately reviewed and published under the banner of the 7th australian speech science & technology conference and will also be included on the cdrom containing the icslp ' 98 proceedings . submission addresses world wide web : url = http : / / cslab . anu . edu . au / icslp98 e - mail submission : icslp98 @ one . net . au postal : icslp ' 98 secretariat , gpo box 128 , sydney , nsw 2001 , australia technical queries : robert dale - email : rdale @ mpce . mq . edu . au general information : email : icslp98 @ tourhosts . com . au important dates friday 1st may , 1998 paper summaries due for review friday 26th june , 1998 acceptance notification friday 21st august , 1998 deadline for full-paper submission
  """",0
  2570,""""Subject: avail for review : phonology , semantics , dong , interpreting
   
   the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . please do not simply provide a url for an electronic cv or web page . these will be ignored . phonology pier marco bertinetto , livio gaeta , georgijetchev & david michaels ( eds ) , certamen phonologicum iii . papers from the third cortona phonology meeting , april 1996 . torino , rosenberg & sellier 1997 , pp . 291 , price lit . 63 . 000 ( approximately us $ 37 ) . isbn 88-7011 - 717 - 0 . semantics pier marco bertinetto , il dominio tempo-aspettuale . demarcazioni , intersezioni , contrasti . torino , rosenberg & sellier 1997 , pp 252 , price lit 48 . 000 isbn 887011726x ( approximately us $ 25 . 50 ) contents - introduzione i . demarcazioni - aspect vs . actionality - statives , progressives , habituals - the progressive as a ' partialization ' operator ii . intersezioni - neutralizations and interactions in temporal-aspectual categories - metafore tempo-aspettuali - l ' interazione tra azionalita e aspetto nella perifrasi ' continua ' iii . contrasti - le strutture tempo-aspettuali dell ' italiano e dell ' inglese - le perifrasi abituali in italiano e in inglese - l ' espressione della ' progressivita / continuita ' : un confronto tripolare ( editor 's note : the reviewer of this book must be fluent in both italian and english ) . dong language long yaohong and zheng guoqiao ( translated by d . n . geary ) ( 1998 ) the dong langauge in guizhou province china . sil / u texas austin . interpreting / translation harris , brian ( compiler ) ( 1997 ) translation and interpreting schools . language international world directory . john benjamins : amsterdam .
  """",0
  2571,""""Subject: sociolinguistics
   
   endangered languages : current issues and future prospects endangered languages : current issues and future prospects ; isbn : 0-521 - 59102 - 3 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 380 pp . ; lenore a . grenoble , ed . ( dartmouth college ) ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 69 . 95 ; the issue of language loss is currently the focus of much linguistic research . this edited volume brings together work by theoretical linguists , field linguists and nonlinguist members of minority communities to provide an integrated view of how language is lost , from sociological and economic as well as from linguistic perspectives . it maps out some of the strategies applied by native communities and professional linguists in the face of language endangerment . several authors address the understudied issue of what ( beyond a linguistic system ) is lost when a language becomes obsolescent . contents : preface part i . general issues : 1 . western language ideologies and small-language prospects nancy dorian ; 2 . toward a typology of language endangerment lenore grenoble , lindsay whaley ; part ii . language community responses : 3 . technical , emotional , and ideological issues in reversing language shift : examples from southeast alaska nora and richard dauenhauer ; 4 . mayan efforts toward language preservation nora england ; 5 . a chronology of mohawk language instruction at kahnaw : ke kaia ' titahkhe annette jacobs ; 6 . language endangerment in south america : a programmatic approach colette grinevald ; part iii . what is lost : language diversity : 7 . the significance of diversity in language endangerment and preservation marianne mithun ; 8 . on endangered languages and the importance of linguistic diversity ken hale ; 9 . living words and cartoon translations : longhouse """""""" texts """""""" and the limitations of english christopher jocks ; 10 . documenting rhetorical , aesthetic , and expressive loss in language shift anthony woodbury ; part iv . mechanisms of language loss : 11 . impact of language variation and accomodation theory on language maintenance : an analysis of shaba swahili andr ^ d ' e kapa ! nga ; 12 . a way to dusty death : the matrix language turnover hypoth 13 . copper island aleut : a case of language ' resurrection ' nikolai vakhtin ; references ; index of languages ; index of names ; general index . ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html the language web : the power and problem of words jean aitchison ( university of oxford ) ; the language web : the power and problem of words ; the 1996 bbc reith lectures ; isbn : 0-521 - 57385 - 8 ; hardback , 5 1 / 4 x 8 , 152 pp . ; pub . date : 4 / 13 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 49 . 95 ; language is like a vast interconnected spider 's web . in this volume jean aitchison explores the different facets of this web , ranging from its biological nature and the way in which language is acquired by children to the way the web has aided language evolution . this is the text of the 1996 bbc reith lectures , with the addition of illustrations , suggestions for further reading and notes . an afterword looks at the reception of the lectures . contents : 1 . a web of worries : anxiety about language ; 2 . a web of deceit : the origin of language ; 3 . building the web : acquiring language ; 4 . a web of words : remembering words ; 5 . a world-wide web : options and snares . ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html english as a global language david crystal ; english as a global language ; isbn : 0-521 - 59247 - x ; hardback , 5 1 / 2 x 8 1 / 2 , 160 pp . ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 19 . 95 ; david crystal , world authority on the english language , has written a timely and informative account of the phenomenon of english as a global language . it includes a historical summary of the global facts and figures , of the current spread and status of english as a first or second language internationally ; and an informed assessment of the future of english . the book answers three basic questions : what makes a world language ? why is english the leading candidate ? and why it will continue to hold that position . it steers even-handedly through the minefield of political debate about the cultural hegemony of english , and will appeal to anyone with an interest in language issues , whatever their political views on the subject . order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html
  """",0
  2572,""""Subject: language education
   
   about language : tasks for teachers of english scott thornbury ; about language : tasks for teachers of english ; isbn : 0-521 - 42720 - 7 paperback , 6 x 9 , 287 pp . ; pub . date : 3 / 28 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 22 . 95 ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html exploring spoken english ronald carter ; exploring spoken english ; isbn : 0-521 - 56860 - 9 ; paperback , 7 x 9 , 160 pp . ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 18 . 95 ; order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html society and the language classroom hywel coleman ( university of leeds ) ; society and the language classroom ; isbn : 0-521 - 49616 - 0 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 249 pp . ; pub . date : 1 / 28 / 97 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 49 . 95 ; this book provides a new perspective on classroom research . through a series of case studies , the book examines the ways that learners and teachers behave in english language classrooms in different parts of the world , including australia , south africa , indonesia , japan , kenya , china and pakistan , and at primary , secondary and tertiary levels . content : 1 . autonomy and ideology in the english language classroom ; 2 . safe - talk : collusion in apartheid education ; 3 . english language education in japan ; 4 . shadow puppets and language lessons : interpreting classroom behaviour in its cultural context ; 5 . large and small class cultures in egyptian university classrooms : a cultural justification for curriculum change ; 6 . learner resistance to innovation in classroom methodology ; 7 . the effect of institutional and national cultures on examinations : the university in kenya ; 8 . through language to learning : preparing overseas students for study in western universities ; 9 . cultures of learning : language classrooms in china ; 10 . social and pedagogic pressures in the language classroom : the role of socialisation . order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html immersion education : international perspectives immersion education : international perspectives ; isbn : 0-521 - 58385 - 3 ; hardback , 6 x 9 , 332 pp . ; robert keith johnson , ed . ( the university of hong kong ) ; pub . date : 4 / 30 / 97 publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 52 . 95 immersion , a relatively new approach to bilingual education , orginated in canada . it uses the target language as a medium of instruction in order to achieve """""""" additive bilingualism """""""" - - a high level of second language proficiency added to normal development in the l1 . the wide range of languages and purposes now served by immersion worldwide is illustrated by case studies of thirteen programs presented and discussed in this book . the introductory chapter defines immersion education theory and practice and shows how this approach differs from other forms of bilingual education . order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html
  """",0
  2573,""""Subject: typology
   
   we would like to bring to your attention recent publications from john benjamins publishing in the field of typology . the typology and dialectology of romani edited by : yaron matras , peter bakker and hristo kyuchukov university of manchester / aarhus universitet / university of shumen , bulgaria 1997 xxxii , 224 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 156 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 872 8 price : us $ 65 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3661 5 price : nlg 130 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com contributions to this collection focus on the unity and diversity of the language of the roma ( gypsies ) , the only indic language spoken exclusively in europe . properties discussed include the distinct inflectional and derivational patterns applied to asian and european lexical layers , the distribution of inflectional , agglutinative , and analytic formation among syntactic categories , regularities in the ongoing shift from inflectional to analytic case formation , suppletion , aspects of syntactic convergence , and patterns of morphological transitivization and de-transitivization ( causatives and passives ) . these phenomena are considered in the light of contemporary discussions on language universals , with reference to a variety of different approaches including prague school typology , functional sentence perspective , functional grammar , functional-pragmatic typology , and general grammaticalization theory . chapters partly adopt a comparative approach covering all major dialects of the language , and are partly devoted to single-dialect corpuses . special attention is given to the czech / slovak and hungarian varieties , to previously undescribed dialects from bulgaria and turkey , to codified varieties in macedonia , and to the variety of dialects discussed in the popular works of the victorian author george borrow . an extensive introduction outlines the principal morphosyntactic features of the language and provides a classification of romani dialects , including an overview of those mentioned in the volume . contributions by : peter bakker ; norbert boretzky ; vit bubenik ; petra cech ; viktor elsik ; victor a . friedman ; ian f . hancock ; mozes f . heinschink ; milena hubschmannova ; birgit igla ; yaron matras . coding the hypothetical a comparative typology of russian and macedonian conditionals . jane f . hacking the university of kansas 1997 , vi , 156 pp . studies in language companion series , 38 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 849 3 price : us $ 63 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3041 2 price : nlg 125 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com conditionals encode speculation . they convey how events could have been different in the past or present , or might be different in the future if particular conditions had been or will be met . while all languages afford the means to speculate or hypothesize about possible events , the ways in which they do so vary . this work explores some of this variation through an analysis of the structure and semantics of complex conditional sentences in russian and macedonian . it addresses typological questions about the general properties of natural language conditionals and examines the role of the grammatical categories tense , aspect , mood and status in the coding of conditional meaning . the book also discusses the relationship between the use of these categories and the shape of a language 's conditional system . for example , the use of tense in counterfactual contexts in macedonian correlates with the grammaticalization of more shades of conditional meaning than are grammaticalized in russian , which does not employ tense forms in this way . the book addresses issues of concern to slavists and raises questions for those interested in conditionals and the coding of hypothetical meaning . case , typology and grammar . in honor of barry j . blake edited by anna siewierska and jae jung song lancaster university / university of otago 1998 395 pp . typological studies in language , 38 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 651 2 price : us $ 85 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 2937 6 price : nlg 170 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this collection of fifteen original articles includes descriptive , typological and / or theoretical studies of a number of morphosyntactic phenomena , such as case , transitivity , grammaticalization , valency alternations , etc . , in a variety of languages or language groups , and discussions concerning theoretical issues in specific grammatical frameworks . the collection , written in honor of the australian linguist , barry j . blake on his 60th birthday , thematically reflects the field that professor blake has worked in over the past three decades . the volume will be of special interest to researchers in morphosyntax and linguistic typology . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
  """",0
  2574,""""Subject: new uci dissertations in linguistics
   
   irvine linguistics students association is pleased to announce the publication of the following two uci dissertations in linguistics . feature attraction and category movement brian k . agbayani university of california , irvine , 1998 this dissertation presents a new theory of movement in generative grammar within the framework of the minimalist program ( chomsky 1993 , 1994 , 1995 ) . the most important aspect of the new theory is that it departs from the standard view of move a as a unitary operation . the dissertation has three main goals . the first goal is to simplify the theory of feature checking in such a way that a single structural configuration ( namely , the head-adjunction structure ) holds for feature checking in both overt and covert syntax . the second goal is to present evidence for the split movement hypothesis , according to which a set of formal features and its associated category move to separate structural positions in syntax . the claim is that ug makes both attract and move available in the form of attract f and category movement , respectively . the former satisfies the formal requirement of feature checking , and the latter yields the phonological """""""" displacement """""""" effect of overt movement . the theory thus abandons the treatment of move a as a unitary operation . the third goal is to explore consequences for the proper characterization of locality in syntax . the split movement approach opens up a novel way to account for the traditional subjacency and condition on extraction domain effects ( huang 1982a ) that do not fall under chomsky 's ( 1995 ) attract f theory . it is argued that attract f and category movement are subject to different types of economy conditions , and that the traditional subjacency and condition on extraction domain effects should not be given a unified account , contrary to the barriers approach ( chomsky 1986a ) . the theory also derives a number of previously mysterious properties related to cross linguistic variation in extractability out of islands , the relative strength of island effects , and the nature of successive-cyclic movement . this dissertation presents a new approach to movement in syntax which overcomes the conceptual and empirical shortcomings of the traditional approach , while gaining new insights into previously mysterious phenomena and properties of natural languages . : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : parametrization of features in syntax sze - wing tang university of california , irvine , 1998 the major focus of this study is to propose a restrictive theory of parameters of universal grammar in terms of the principles-and - parameters approach . i propose that semantic features are invariant across languages ; only features that may play a role in the derivation from n to the pf interface level including phonetic features , categorial features , and affix features are subject to parametric variation , which is called the ' overt parametrization hypothesis ' ( oph ) . it is argued that where affix features are associated with a word is subject to parametric variation . movement is largely determined by morphology : movement in the overt component can be signaled by ' impoverished ' morphology ; movement of morphologically ' rich ' elements takes place in the phonological component . under this approach , a variety of syntactic differences among chinese ( cantonese and mandarin ) , english , french , japanese , navajo , and hebrew can be accounted for . based on the idea of parametrization of affix features , i claim that t has an affix feature [ - v ] in english . such an affix feature is missing in chinese . consequently , there is no v - to - t movement in chinese and v moves out of vp in english . a number of apparently disparate differences between these two languages , including postverbal no-phrases , the distribution of focus elements , binominal each , the ' sov ' focalization construction , scopal ambiguity of quantifiers , definiteness of preverbal numeral phrases , gapping , and heavy np shift , receive a unified explanation . the data presented as evidence for the claim that categorial features are subject to parametric variation are primarily based on small clauses in chinese , english , and japanese . it is argued that chinese small clauses are bare , english small clauses are ' not-so - bare ' , and japanese allows both types of small clauses . the major typological differences among these languages regarding the structure of small clauses are derived from a parameter related to the combination of categorial features of nouns and adjectives . the findings lend support to the oph . : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : also available : > uci dissertations in linguistics griffith , teresa a . 1996 projecting transitivity and agreement ikawa , hajime 1996 overt movement as a reflex of morphology ishii , toru 1997 an asymmetry in the composition of phrase structure and its consequences li , xiaoguang 1997 deriving distributivity in mandarin chinese takano , yuji 1996 movement and parametric variation in syntax zoerner , cyril edward 1995 coordination : the syntax of &p us $ 14 each , plus shipping and handling > uci working papers in linguistics , volume 3 ( 1997 ) . edited by luther > chen - sheng liu and kazue takeda articles appearing in the third volume are : brian agbayani : category raising , adjunction , and minimality lisa lai - shen cheng : """""""" partial """""""" wh - movement naoki fukui : attract and the a - over - a principle toru ishii : the """""""" crossing """""""" constraint and the minimal link condition luther chen - sheng liu : light verb and accusative - ing gerund in taiwanese yuji takano : scrambling and partial object shift kazue takeda : a note on locality of category movement and feature movement sze - wing tang : the parametric approach to the resultative construction in chinese and english miyoko yashui : identification of ellipses and other empty categories us $ 14 , plus shipping and handling > uci working papers in linguistics , volume 2 : proceedings of the south > western optimality theory workshop ( swot ii ) . edited by brian agbayani > and naomi harada us $ 12 , plus shipping and handling > uci working papers in linguistics , volume 1 . edited by brian agbayani , > kazue takeda and sze - wing tang us $ 12 , plus shipping and handling shipping and handling ( per item ) domestic : $ 4 ; canada : $ 6 ; mexico : $ 7 ( airmail ) , $ 5 ( surface ) ; elsewhere : $ 12 ( airmail ) , $ 7 ( surface ) * international shipping and handling rates are subject to the numbers of items ordered and location . please contact < ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu > in ordering more than one item from abroad . prepayment required . please make checks or money orders payable to ' ilsa-asuci ' . we cannot accept credit card payment . payment must be in us funds , drawn on a us bank . please allow 4 - 6 weeks for delivery . send order form and payment to : irvine linguistics students association , school of social sciences , university of california , irvine , irvine , ca 92697 , u . s . a . please address inquires to ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu order form customer information name : street address : city , province / state : country , zip code : telephone number : e - mail : item quantity price per item total uciwpl - 2 $ 12 $ uciwpl - 1 $ 12 $ uciwpl - 3 $ 14 $ agbayani $ 14 $ griffith $ 14 $ ikawa $ 14 $ ishii $ 14 $ li $ 14 $ takano $ 14 $ tang $ 14 $ zoerner $ 14 $ shipping : $ total : $ for more information about uci working papers in linguistics and uci dissertations in linguistics , please contact < ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu > or see ilsa 's homepage < http : / / www . socsci . uci . edu / ling / ilsa / ilsahp . html > . tables of contents of uciwpl and abstracts of ucidl are available in ilsa 's homepage . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ irvine linguistics students association ( ilsa ) school of social sciences university of california , irvine irvine , ca 92697-5100 , u . s . a . ilsa @ orion . oac . uci . edu http : / / www . socsci . uci . edu / ling / ilsa / ilsahp . html
  """",0
  2575,""""Subject: encyclopedia
   
   the cambridge encyclopedia of language david crystal ; the cambridge encyclopedia of language ( second edition ) ; isbn : 0-521 - 55050 - 5 ; hardback , 8 1 / 2 x 11 , 488 pp . ; pub . date : 1 / 28 / 9 ; publisher : cambridge university press ; $ 69 . 95 ; this second edition of """""""" the cambridge encyclopedia of language """""""" presents a mass of new information and introduces the subject of language to a fresh generation of students and general readers . probably the most successful general study of language ever published , """""""" the cambridge encyclopedia of language """""""" covers all the major themes of language study , including popular ideas about language , language and identity , the structure of language , speaking and listening , writing , reading , and signing , language acquisition , the neurological basis of language , and languages of the world . exposing this work to a new generation of readers , the second edition extends the range of coverage to include advances in areas such as machine translation , speech interaction with machines , and language teaching . there is new material on acoustics , physiological concepts of language , and world english , and a complete update of the language distribution maps , language-speaking statistics , table of the world 's languages , and further reading . all geopolitical material has been revised to take account of boundary changes . the book has been redesigned and is presented for the first time in full color , with new pictures and maps added . contents : i . popular ideas about language / 1 . the prescriptive tradition / 2 . the equality of languages / 3 . the magic of language / 4 . the functions of language / 5 . language and thought / ii . language and identity / 6 . physical identity / 7 . psychological identity / 8 . geographical identity / 8 . ethnic and national identity / 10 . social identity / 11 . contextual identity / 12 . stylistic identity and literature / iii . the structure of language / 13 . linguistic levels / 14 . typology and universals / 15 . the statistical structure of language / 16 . grammar / 17 . semantics / 18 . dictionaries / 19 . names / 20 . discourses and text / 21 . pragmatics and listening / 22 . the anatomy and physiology of speech / 23 . the acoustics of speech / 24 . the instrumental / 25 . speech reception / 26 . speech interaction with machines / 27 . the sounds of speech / 28 . the linguistic use of sound / 29 . suprasegmentals / 30 . sound symbolism / v . the medium of language : writing and reading / 31 . written and spoken language / 32 . graphic expression / 33 . graphology / 34 . the process of reading and writing / vi . the medium of language : signing and seeing / 35 . sign language / 36 . sign language structure / 37 . types of sign language / vii . child language acquistion / 38 . investigating children 's language / 39 . the first year / 40 . phonological development / 41 . grammatical development / 42 . semantic development / 43 . pragmatic development / 44 . languagedevelopment in school / viii . language , brain , and handicap / 45 . language and the brain / 46 . language handicap / ix . the languages of the world / 47 . how many languages ? / 48 . how many speakers ? / 49 . the origins of language / 50 . families of languages / 51 . the indo - european family / 52 . other families / 53 . language isolates / 54 . language change / 55 . pidgins and creoles / x . language in the world / 56 . the language barrier / 57 . translating and interpreting / 58 . artificial languages / 59 . world languages / 60 . multilingualism / 61 . language planning / 62 . foreign language learning and teaching / 63 . language for special purposes / xi . language and communication / 64 . language and other communication systems / 65 . linguistics / appendices : i . glossary ; ii . special symbols and abbreviations used in the encyclopedia ; iii . table of the world 's languages ; iv . further reading ; v . references ; vi . index of languages , families , dialects , and scripts ; vii . index of authors and personalities ; viii . index of topics . order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html the cambridge encyclopedia of the english language david crystal ; the cambridge encyclopedia of the english language ; isbn : 0-521 - 59655 - 6 ; paperback , 8 5 / 8 x 11 , 500 pp . ; publisher : cambridge university press $ 27 . 95 this celebrated book offers a unique experience of the english language in all its richness and diversity . clear and accessible , it abounds with insights into how the language evolved and how it works . superbly illustrated in color throughout , and updated for this first paperback edition , """""""" the cambridge encyclopedia of the english language """""""" is the most comprehensive general reference book on the history , structure , and worldwide use of english ever written . order info : http : / / www . cup . org / order . html
  """",0
  2576,""""Subject: new series : studies in corpus linguistics
   
   john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to a new series ; studies in corpus linguistics studies in corpus linguistics aims to provide insights into the way a corpus can be used , the type of findings that can be obtained , the possible applications of these findings as well as the theoretical changes that corpus work can bring into linguistics and language engineering . the main concern of scl will be to present findings based on , or related to , the cumulative effect of naturally occurring language and on the interpretation of frequency and distributional data . general editor : elena tognini - bonelli consulting editor : wolfgang teubert terms in context jennifer pearson 1998 xii , 246 pp . studies in corpus linguistics , 1 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 342 4 price : us $ 69 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 2269 x price : nlg 138 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com terms in context applies the methodology that has been developed over the last two decades in corpus linguistics to the relatively new and still little developed field of corpus-based terminography . while corpora are already being used by some terminologists fro the identification of terms and retrieval of contextual fragments , his book describes the first attempt to use corpora for terminography in much the same way as large general reference corpora are already being used for general language lexicography . the author goes beyond the standard problem of identifying terms , as opposed to non-terminological lexical items in text and focuses on identifying metalanguage patterns which point to the presence in text of ( parts of ) reusable definitions of terms . the author examines these and shows how the information which they contain can be retrieved and used as input for terminological entries . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
  """",0
  2577,""""Subject: recent publications on pragmatics
   
   we would like to bring to your attention recent publications from john benjamins publishing in the field of pragmatics : relevance theory . applications and implications . edited by robyn carston , nam sun song and seiji uchida university college london / nara women 's university 1998 x , 299 pp . pragmatics & beyond new series , 37 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 330 0 price : us $ 70 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 5049 9 price : nlg 140 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this collection of papers arises from a meeting of relevance theorists held in osaka , may 29-30 , 1993 . speakers at the conference included both of the originators of the theory , dan sperber and deirdre wilson , the editors of this volume and several other japanese linguists and pragmatists , all of whose work is included . the full breadth and richness of relevance theory is represented here , both in its applications to problems of utterance interpretation , that fall squarely within the domain of pragmatics , and its implications for linguistic semantics . several papers investigate and assess the theory 's account of figurative uses of language , such as irony , metaphor and metonymy . other central pragmatic issues include a relevance-driven account of generalized implicature , the role of bridging implicatures in reference assignment , the way in which different intonation patterns contribute to the relevance of an utterance and the application of the theory to literary texts . the recently developed semantic distinction between conceptually and procedurally encoded meaning , motivated by relevance-theoretic considerations , is employed in new accounts of several japanese particles and in a fresh perspective on the phenomenon of metalinguistic negation . the volume comes with a comprehensive glossary of relevance-theoretic terms . contributions by : dan wilson & deirdre sperber ; keiko tanaka ; reiko itani ; kunihiko imai ; nam sun song ; akiko yoshimura ; tomoko matsui ; seiji uchida ; robyn carston ; ken - ichi seto ; hideki hamamoto ; masa - aki yamanashi ; dan sperber & deirdre wilson . political discourse in transition in europe ( 1989-1991 ) edited by : paul a . chilton , mikhail v . ilyin and jacob l . mey university of warwick / moscow institute of international relations / odense university 1998 x , 272 pp . pragmatics & beyond new series , 36 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 329 7 price : us $ 69 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 5048 0 price : nlg 138 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com the year 1989 brought political upheavals in central , eastern and southern europe , the effects of which have not yet ended . the political discourse of the cold war period disintegrated and gave way to competing alternatives . the contributors to this book are linguists , discourse analysts and social scientists , from all corners of the continent , whose tools of analysis shed light on the crucial two years of transition during which political concepts and political interaction changed in dramatic and sometimes violent ways . contributions by : mikhail v . ilyin ; paul chilton ; jacob mey ; victor sergeyev and nikolai biryukov ; georgii pocheptsov ; alexandre bourmeyster ; ludmila minaeva ; marina kaul ; elena borisova ; anatolii baranov ; christina schiffner and peter porsch ; kay richardson ; pierre achard ; ida kurcz ; christina teichmann ; jasna levinger . discourse of silence dennis kurzon university of haifa 1998 vi , 162 pp . pragmatics & beyond new series , 49 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 811 6 price : us $ 48 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 5062 6 price : nlg 96 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this book deals initially with the interpretation of the silent answer to a question . from a semiotic approach to the contrast between silence and speech mainly within a greimasian framework - an approach which shows insights into the general relationship between silence and speech , the discussion then turns to the application of pragmatic tools such as conversational analysis and adjacency pairs to the interpretation of silence . a model is presented which attempts to explain the observer 's cognitive competence , and its limits , in being able to interpret the silent answer . a basic distinction is also made between intentional silence ( the refusal to answer ) and non-intentional silence ( the psychological inability to answer ) . the interpretation of silence is then extended from a theoretical viewpoint to an analysis of various discourse types . firstly , silence in the legal world is discussed mainly in terms of the accused 's and the witness 's right of silence , especially their intentionally silent answers to lawyers ' questions . this develops into the """""""" transitivization """""""" of silence - the right of courts to silence lawyers ' references to the silence of witnesses , and the right of legal authorities to silence the broadcasting of direct speech . the study gradually moves away from the direct application of the model to the silent answer , and addresses the silencing of characters in a literary text ( jane austen 's pride and prejudice ) , in a biblical text ( moses and speech impediment in exodus ) , in opera ( moses ' silence in schoenberg 's opera , moses und aron ) , and in the final chapter , in the cinema . here , after the initial discussion of ingmar bergman 's the silence , focus is shifted to the generation gap and the representation of silence by song in mike nichols ' the graduate . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
  """",0
  2578,""""Subject: coling-acl ' 98 registration deadline
   
   early registration for coling-acl ' 98 ends july 1 . to benefit from reduced rates , your registration form and your payment must be received by that date . for further information on the conference and on how to register , consult the conference web site at : http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca
  """",0
  2579,""""Subject: nlp + ia 98 / tal + ai 98 registration info
   
   international conference on natural language processing and industrial applications nlp + ia 98 > > > special accent on computer assisted language learning < < < conference internationale sur le traitement automatique des langues et ses applications industrielles tal + ai 98 > > > attention speciale portee a l ' enseignement de la langue < < < august / aout 18-21 , 1998 moncton , new - brunswick , canada official languages : english and french are the official languages of the conference . proceedings would be published in the language of the submitted texts . conference organization : the conference is organized by gretal , groupe d ' etude sur le traitement automatique des langues at the universite ' de moncton and geta-clips in grenoble . organizing committee chadia moghrabi , professor of computer science , chair jalal almhana , professor and director of computer science julien chiasson , professor of computer science sadek eid , professor of industrial engineering , director manufacturing technology centre , boubakeur meddeb - hamrouni , researcher geta and winsoft paul tarau , professor of computer science international program committee : susan armstrong ( issco , geneva , switzerland ) roberto basili ( roma , italy ) christian boitet ( geta , grenoble , france ) pierrette bouillon ( geneva , switzerland ) harry bunt ( tilburg , netherlands ) nicoletta calzolari ( ilc / cnr , pisa , italy ) remi chadel ( inxight , xerox , france ) thierry chanier ( franche - comte , france ) jean - pierre chanod ( xerox , france ) marcel cori ( paris-7 , france ) veronica dahl ( simon fraser , canada ) anne de roeck ( essex , uk ) chrysanne dimarco ( logos , waterloo , canada ) eva hajicova ( charles u . , prague ) henry hamburger ( george mason , usa ) howard hamilton ( regina , canada ) graeme hirst ( toronto , canada ) john hutchins ( east anglia , uk ) pierre isabelle ( rali , montreal , canada ) margaret king ( issco , switzerland ) ruddy lelouche ( laval , canada ) michael levison ( queens , canada ) kathleen mccoy ( delaware , usa ) chadia moghrabi ( moncton , canada ) johanna moore ( pennsylvania , usa ) yael ravin ( ibm , usa ) larry reeker ( national science foundation , usa ) mark seligman ( geta-clips & red pepper , usa ) arnold smith ( nrc , canada ) manfred stede ( tu - berlin , germany ) john tait ( sunderland , uk ) paul tarau ( moncton , canada ) junichi tsujii ( umist & tokyo , japan ) thierry van steenberghe ( louvain - la - neuve , belgium ) eric wehrli ( geneva , switzerland ) yorick wilks ( sheffield , uk ) invited speakers : margaret king : issco , university of geneva , switzerland talkk on language resources and evaluation / ressources et evaluation linguistiques thierry chanier : universite franche - comte , france presentation sur le lien entre l ' enseignement de la langue et le tal / talk on relationship between call and nlp make sure not to miss them . . . soyez - la ! papers & posters to be presented : ( in no special order ) modeles humains dans un systeme multi-agents orientes apprentissage et detection-correction d ' erreurs ; jacques menezo ; france multilingual lexical resources for large-scale text generation cornelia m . verspoor , vicente uceda and cecile paris ; australia speech and language interaction in a ( virtual ) cultural theatre a . van hessen , a . nijholt , et al . ; netherlands un systme d ' apprentissage assist par ordinateur de la gnration de phrases en arabe riadh zaafrani ; france structuring a network of lexical cooccurrences into topic representations by analyzing texts olivier ferret and brigitte grau ; france producing nlp - based on - line contentware francis wolinski , frantz vichot , olivier grmont ; france integration of nlp tools in an intelligent computer assisted language learning environment for basque : idazkide . daz de ilarraza , a . maritxalar , m . maritxalar & m . oronoz ; spain using constraints for suppressing dead ends in grammars . cyril garde & claude lai ; france improving tagging accuracy by using voting taggers l . mrquez , l . padr , h . rodrguez ; catalonia , spain translation examples browser : japanese to english translation aid for news articles tadashi kumano , hideki tanaka , noriyoshi uratani & terumasa ehara ; japan a statistics - based approach to chinese prepositional phrase disambiguation kam - fai wong & wen - jie li ; hong kong minori - fra : logiciel d ' enseignement du francais en milieu minoritaire chadia moghrabi ; canada safran - grammaire marie - josee hamel & anne vandeventer ; uk & suisse learning spanish and catalan verbs through eurowordnet m . antonia marti & roser morante ; spain error diagnosis for language learning systems wolfgang menzel & ingo schroeder ; germany computer - assisted writing system : improving readability with respect to information structure nobo komagata ; usa limination de la redondance dans la gnration automatique de descriptions de comportement de systmes dynamiques nicole tourigny et laurence capus ; canada un systme automatique de diagnostic d ' erreurs pour l ' elao anne vandeventer ; suisse gnrer de faon automatique des rsums grce des expriences similaires laurence capus et nicole tourigny ; canada a syntactic verification system for arabic texts based on a robust parser and using a large compressed lexicon riadh ouersighni ; france natural language technology in precision content retrieval jacek ambroziak and william a . woods ficus - un agent dictionaire coopratif extensible mathieu lafourcade & jacques chauche ; france a two - stage model for robust parsing erik oltmans ; netherlands analyse morphologique et voyellation assiste par ordinateur de la langue arabe malek ghenima ontologies - based relevant information retrieval f . - y . villemin ; france delegating actions from texts in a virtual environment fabrice tabordet , fabrice pied , and pierre nugues ; france an autonomous , web-based , multilingual corpus collection tool jim cowie , eugene ludovik & ron zacharski ; usa problmes scientifiques intressants en traduction de parole christian boitet ; france centering theory and resolving it in business texts gregory f . roberts ; usa tr-aid : a memory - based translation aid framework stelios piperidis , christos malavazos , ioannis triantafyllou ; greece a transformational approach to nl understanding in dialogue systems danny lie , joris hulstijn , rieks op den akker , anton nijholt ; netherlands reluctantly paraphrasing text mark dras ; australia improving robust domain independent summarization jim cowie , eugene ludovik , & hugo molijna - salgado ; usa language learning data : online confusion lisa harper and florence reeder ; usa nlp and radiology reports gees c stein & tomek strzalkowski ; usa blak , un assistant de dcouverte des caractres chinois , fonctionnement par accs dynamique des ressources lexicales varies l . fischer , g . fafiotte ; france text expansion using temporal and causal relations yllias chali ; canada automatic generation of on - line help : a practical approcah cecile paris and keith vander linden ; australia &usa to integrate your language web tools - call web ct sabine siekmann ; usa l 'd ition lexicographique dans un systme gnrique de gestion de bases lexicales multilingues g . srasset , m . mangeot ; france how the construction of a computer system may influence language teaching practices : the communication situation variables r . lelouche , d . huot ; canada concordances avances sur corpus spcialis pour l ' enseignement de l ' anglais technique p . - y . foucou & n . kbler ; france cross - linguistic resources for mt evaluation and language training lisa hale decrozant , dr clare r . voss ; usa nlp for text classification : the trevi experience r . basili , m . v . marabello , l . mazzucchelli , & m . t . pazienza ; italy dictionnaires lectroniques et analyse morphologique jerzy sitko ; france integrating language generation and prosody control pierre larey , nadine bigouroux , & guy prennou ; france mulinex multilingual web search and anvigation joanne capstick , abdel kader diagne , gregor erbach , & hans uszkoreit ; germany , italy , france & belgium kurdish language technology and planning siamak rezaei durroei ; uk intonation , vowel length , and ' well ' : thhe intersection of phonology and discourse analysis and its effects on meaning interpretation in conversation jason miller ; usa reprsentation smantique oriente - objets de requtes en langage naturel abdelmajid benhamadou ; tunisia programme of activities : tuesday august 18 : 19 : 00-21 : 00 registration wednesday august 19 : 8 : 30-15 : 15 opening plenary session oral presentations 15 : 30-17 : 30 posters and demo sessions 18 : 30-19 : 15 cashbar 19 : 30 - banquet thursday august 20 : 8 : 30-15 : 30 oral presentations 15 : 30 - outing and dinner friday august 21 : 8 : 30-17 h30 invited speaker oral presentations closing plenary session exhibits : anyone wishing to arrange an exhibit or present a demonstration can still send a brief electronic description along with a specification of physical requirements ( table size , power , telephone connections , number of chairs , etc . ) to nlp + ia - 98 @ imag . fr with the single word exhibit in the subject line . other activities : accompanying persons can enjoy the lovely outdoor living in new - brunswick and visit the highest tides in the world . moncton is only 20km away from the sandy beaches of shediac , la capitale mondiale du homard . registration fees : the registration fees are 475 canadian dollars per participant . they include : conference proceedings continental breakfast for three days coffee breaks for three days banquet on wednesday evening taxes optional additional fees : 65 c $ : lunches for three days 110 c $ : outing and dinner * subject to number of participants * hotel & lodging : hotel fees and reservations are not included in the conference fees and are to be arranged separately by the participants , the information cited here is for convenience , you have to contact them yourself and confirm the prices . hotel beausejour 750 main street , moncton . 130 c $ ( including taxes ) for one or two people per room , one or two beds 15 c $ ( including taxes ) per additional person ( max 4 per room ) , two beds . * the hotel 's restaurant has won a 4 diamond award . . . * fax : ( 506 ) 858-0957 , tel : ( 506 ) 854-4344 . keddy 's brunswick hotel : 1005 main street , moncton . 92 c $ including taxes one person one bed 105 c $ """""""" """""""" for one person one bed 115 c $ """""""" """""""" for two persons two beds * fax : ( 506 ) 382-8923 , tel : ( 506 ) 854-6340 . rodd 's park house inn - travelodge : 434 main street , moncton . 75 c $ including taxes for one double bed . 85 cs """""""" """""""" for two double beds . * prices were given by bed and not by person * fax : ( 506 ) 855-9494 , tel ( 506 ) 382-1664 hotel canadiana : 46 archibald street , moncton . 75 c $ including taxes per room * tel : ( 506 ) 382-1054 these hotels are in downtown moncton and are less than 10km from the airport . the taxi cab from there costs around 12-15 c $ . please e-mail , fax or mail the following form : please cut here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - conference registration international conference on natural language processing and industrial applications nlp + ia 98 conference internationale sur le traitement automatique des langues et ses applications industrielles tal + ai 98 august / aout 18-21 1998 moncton , new - brunswick , canada participant name ( mr . ( ) , ms . ( ) ) only one person per form . family name : first name : title / profession : institution : postal address : city : country : telephone : fax : e - mail : amount enclosed : conference fee $ 475 lunchs $ 65 yes ( ) no ( ) outing $ 110 yes ( ) no ( ) total : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( hotel fees and reservations are not included ) payment : all payments must be made in canadian dollars and paid to : universite de moncton , c / o nlp + ia / tal + ai 98 . all transfer fees are the participant 's responsibility . payments must be remitted as follows ( choose one option ) : ( ) by bank transfer to the national bank of canada / banque nationale du canada account # : 00007-25 transit # : 10351-006 . * the transit number indicates the branch in moncton with which the university deals . it is a must . * nlp + ia / tal + ai should also be indicated . it is a must . * transaction / transfer id number : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ it is a must * a copy of of your transfer receipt with all the above information should be faxed to us for reference / claims puposes . if you have an accepted submission , you can send it with your camera-ready version of your paper . it is a must . ( ) credit card * visa or mastercard only * this form * must be faxed or mailed not e-mailed * if registration is paid by credit card . visa ( ) mastercard ( ) card no . : expiry date : cardholder 's name : cardholder 's phone : cardholder 's signature : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dr . chadia moghrabi , professeure * * nlp + ia / tal + ai 98 * * faculte des sciences * * universite de moncton tel : ( 506 ) 858-4521 * * moncton , n . - b . fax : ( 506 ) 858-4541 * * e1a 3e9 , canada e-mail : nlp + ia - 98 @ imag . fr * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * please cut here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - we would appreciate receiving a copy of your hotel reservations for reference purposes ( not the credit card information . . . ) . hope to see you in moncton . . .
  """",0
  2580,""""Subject: tense and mood selection
   
   conference on syntax and semantics of tense and mood selection 2 - 4 july , 1998 department of education and communications sciences university of bergamo organisers : alessandra giorgi , university of bergamo , giorgi @ ibguniv . unibg . it fabio pianesi , irst , trento , pianesi @ irst . itc . it local organisation : dott . a molani sig . ra michela perrottelli secretary of the department : sig . ra flora drago flora @ ibguniv . unibg . it tel : + 39 - ( 0 ) 35-277421 registration : wednesday , 6 - 7 . 30 pm , room 14 , piazza vecchia 8 ( bergamo alta ) thursday , july 2nd , 1998 registration and conference site : room 15 , piazza vecchia 8 ( bergamo alta ) 9 . 00 - 9 . 15 opening address - prof . a . castoldi ( dean of the faculty ) and prof . m . ceruti ( head of the department ) 9 . 15 - 10 . 15 j . higginbotham ( invited speaker - somerville college , oxford ) - """""""" temporal subordination in english """""""" 10 . 15 - 10 . 30 break 10 . 30 - 11 . 10 m . hackl & j . nissenbaum ( mit ) - """""""" variable modal force in for - infinitival relative clauses """""""" 11 . 10 - 11 . 50 a . giannakidou ( amsterdam ) & f . zwarts ( groeningen ) """""""" semantic restrictions on tense / aspect combinations with temporal connectives """""""" 11 . 50 - 12 . 50 a . von stechow ( invited speaker - tuebingen ) - """""""" where is anteriority in ( german ) perfect constructions ? """""""" 12 . 50 - 14 lunch 14 . 00 - 15 . 00 a . bonomi ( invited speaker - milano ) - """""""" semantical considerations on the progressive reading of the imperfective . """""""" 15 . 00 - 15 . 40 s . rothstein ( bar - ilan ) - """""""" achievements and progressives """""""" 15 . 40 - 16 . 20 g . a . broadwell ( albany ) & g . brugger ( ucla ) - """""""" variability in aspectual orientation : the perfective in choctaw """""""" 16 . 20 - 16 . 40 break 16 . 40 - 17 . 20 r . amritavalli ( hyderabad ) - """""""" tense , aspect and mood in kannada """""""" 17 . 20 - 18 . 00 kiyomi kusumoto ( amherst ) - """""""" a theory of sequence of tense : evidence from a non - sequence-of - tense language """""""" 18 . 00 - 19 . 00 t . stowell ( invited speaker - ucla ) - """""""" sequence of tense and indexicality """""""" friday , july 3rd , 1998 conference site : room 15 , piazza vecchia 8 ( bergamo alta ) 9 . 00 - 10 . 00 p . molinelli ( invited speaker - bergamo ) - """""""" sequence of tense and mood selection in late latin """""""" 10 . 00 - 10 . 40 a . mittwoch ( jerusalem ) - """""""" tense for the quick and the dead """""""" 10 . 40 - 11 . 00 break 11 . 00 - 11 . 40 t . moia ( lisboa ) - """""""" on the semantics of temporal connectives expressing anteriority and posteriority """""""" 11 . 40 - 12 . 40 s . iatridou ( invited speaker - mit ) - """""""" the role of tense , mood and aspect in the expression of counterfactuality """""""" 12 . 40 - 14 . 00 lunch 14 . 00 - 15 . 00 g . cinque ( invited speaker - venezia ) - """""""" on the order of tense and aspect heads """""""" 15 . 00 - 15 . 40 h . demirdache ( vancouver ) & m . uribe - etxebarria ( vitoria - gasteiz ) - """""""" towards a restrictive theory of the diversity of temporal systems """""""" 15 . 40 - 16 . 20 t . bhattacharya ( ucl , london ) - """""""" the subjunctive in bangla """""""" 16 . 20 - 16 . 40 break 16 . 40 - 17 . 40 d . abusch ( invited speaker - stuttgart ) - """""""" toward a compositional representation for tense , infinitivals and futurity . """""""" 17 . 40 - 18 . 00 break 18 . 00 - 19 . 30 plenary discussion - chairs : i . heim ( mit ) & j . higginbotham ( oxford ) 20 . 30 social dinner saturday , july 4th , 1998 conference site : room 15 , piazza vecchia 8 ( bergamo alta ) 9 . 30 - 10 . 30 a . giorgi ( bergamo ) & f . pianesi ( itc-irst , trento ) - """""""" generalised double access reading """""""" 10 . 30 - 11 . 10 b . hollebrandse ( umass , amherst ) - """""""" the acquisition of sequence of tense """""""" 11 . 10 - 11 . 30 break 11 . 30 - 12 . 10 g . katz ( tuebingen ) - """""""" present - oriented constructions and the perfectivity parameter """""""" 12 . 10 - 13 . 10 h . kamp ( invited speaker - stuttgart ) - """""""" deixis and context dependence of time denoting nps and temporal adverbs """""""" alternates c . gronemeyer ( lund ) - """""""" the syntactic basis of evidentiality in lithuanian """""""" m . r . manzini ( firenze ) - """""""" the syntax of the subjunctive """""""" m . ippolito ( mit ) - """""""" reference time and tense anaphora """""""" organising support by : dott . a molani sig . ra michela perrottelli secretary of the department : sig . ra flora drago flora @ ibguniv . unibg . it tel : + 39 - ( 0 ) 35-277421 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - how to get to bergamo : milano linate and milano malpensa are the closest international airports . bergamo is about 30 miles away from milan . a taxi from linate to bergamo would cost approximately 80 $ . a taxi from malpensa would cost approximately 120 $ . - if you arrive at milano linate take the bus to """""""" milano centrale """""""" station ; the bus leaves every 20 minutes and takes 15 minutes to arrive at the station . - if you arrive at milano malpensa take the bus to """""""" milano centrale """""""" station ; the bus leaves every half an hour and takes almost an hour to arrive at the station . - from milano centrale there are some trains to bergamo . otherwise , take the metro from centrale to milano porta garibaldi station ( two stops on the green line ) ; here you find more trains to bergamo . some trains go directly from milan to bergamo , others stop in carnate usmate , where you have to get a connection train to bergamo : both ways take the same time ( 50 minutes ) and cost the same . just take the first train leaving either to carnate or to bergamo . - from venice ( or padua ) : take a train going toward milan and get off in brescia . take the first train to bergamo ( 50 minutes ) . please notice that there are no trains during the night ( after 11pm ) ! more detailed information about trains can be found at the www of ferrovie dello stato ( italian railways ) , where train schedule , bookings , etc . . are also available . the address is : http : / / www . fs-on - line . com / - there is a small airport in bergamo : orio al serio . check at your travel agency whether there are connecting flights which might be useful to you . - once in bergamo : the conference site is in bergamo alta ( the ancient town ) . buy a bus ticket ( about $ 1 ) , take the bus number 1 to the funicolare and then with the same ticket you can take the funicular to the top . if you need further information please do not hesitate to contact us : giorgi @ ibguniv . unibg . it fax 39-35 - 235136 ; from june 19 : 39-035 - 235136 pianesi @ irst . itc . it fax 39-461 - 302040 ; from june 19 : 39-0461 - 302040 secretary , ms flora drago : flora @ ibguniv . unibg . it fax 39-35 - 235136 ; from june 19 : 39-035 - 235136 please notice that starting from june 19 you have to insert a """""""" 0 """""""" before the area code . best wishes and see you soon alessandra giorgi & fabio pianesi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hotels sr = single room dr = double room bergamo alta ( the ancient town , where the conference will take place ) . hotel name san lorenzo , piazza mascheroni 9 sr : itl 138 . 000 breakfast incl . tel . 035-237383 ; fax 035-261661 dr : itl 198 . 000 breakfast incl . san vigilio , via san vigilio 15 dr : itl 170 . 000 no breakfast incl . tel . 035-253179 ; fax 035-402081 agnello d ' oro , via gombito 22 sr : itl75 . 000 no breakfast incl . tel . 035-249883 ; fax 035 - 235612 dr : itl 125 . 000 no breakfast incl . bergamo bassa ( very close to bergamo alta , 10 minutes by bus / funicular , and very well connected even at night ) arli , largo porta nuova 12 sr : itl 128 . 000 no breakfast incl . tel . 035-222014 ; fax 035-239732 dr : itl 160 . 000 no breakfast incl . piemontese , p . le g . marconi 11 sr : it l96 . 000 breakfast incl . tel . 035-242629 ; fax 035-230400 dr : itl 136 . 000 breakfast incl . commercio , via tasso 88 sr : ilt 77 . 000 breakfast incl . tel . 035-224096 ; fax 035-220451 dr : itl 110 . 000 breakfast incl . san giorgio , via san giorgio 10 sr : itl 55 . 000 no breakfast incl . tel . 035-212043 ; fax 035 - 310072 dr : itl 90 . 000 no breakfast incl . youth hostel , via galileo ferraris 1 , tel & fax : 035-361724 for further travel information you can contact : agenzia viaggi lorandi , tel . 035-222244 ; fax 035-225053 please notice that it is necessary to reserve in advance , because summer is """""""" high season """""""" and last minute arrangements might fail . important : if you want to attend the conference , please send us an e-mail message , or a fax ! we hope to see you in bergamo ! alessandra giorgi & fabio pianesi addresses and fax numbers : a . giorgi dept . of education and communications sciences university of bergamo piazza vecchia 8 24 100 bergamo , italy giorgi @ ibguniv . unibg . it fax 39-35 - 235136 ; from june 19 : 39-035 - 235136 pianesi @ irst . itc . it fax 39-461 - 302040 ; from june 19 : 39-0461 - 302040 secretary , ms flora drago : flora @ ibguniv . unibg . it fax 39-35 - 235136 ; from june 19 : 39-035 - 235136
  """",0
  2581,""""Subject: language and gender
   
   project : the de / construction of gender roles through language variation and change : international perspectives marlis hellinger and hadumod bussmann ( eds . ) dear linguists , actually , we had already closed the list of languages / authors ( with some 30 languages now on the project ) , but recently three languages """""""" dropped out """""""" , and we are looking for someone who could contribute on chinese , romanian , or yiddish . maybe hungarian could still be added . the original call for contributions ran as follows : since the establishment of feminist linguistics more than two decades ago a wealth of theoretical and empirical information has become available and we believe it is time for a collection that looks across individual language boundaries . we are therefore compiling a volume on the structural and functional aspects of gender-related variation and change in different languages . we are primarily concerned with structural properties of a language ( categories of gender , word-formation , pronominalization ) and speakers ' linguistic choices in talking about or as women and men . we are also interested in learning about the tendencies of variation and change ( including , where applicable , language politics ) as these reflect changes in the relationship between the sexes . would anyone be interested in participating ? or could someone suggest potential authors to us ? details on the project would then be made available . reply to : hellinger @ em . uni-frankfurt . de
  """",0
  2582,""""Subject: amta workshop on embedded mt systems - cfp
   
   workshop announcement - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - workshop on embedded mt systems call for papers design , construction , and evaluation of systems with an mt component wednesday , october 28 , 1998 ( preceding the amta 98 conference ) sheraton bucks county hotel , langhorne , pennsylvania introduction as the strengths and weaknesses of machine translation ( mt ) engines have become better understood and accepted , there has been a marked increase in the development of computer systems with anembedded mt component . one consequence of this shift to """""""" embedded mt """""""" is that researchers , developers , as well as users have begun pushing the limits on the input that such systems will accept for translation . in so doing , a new class of problems has surfaced : any input - - - whether it appears in physical form on paper , in electronic form on-line , or mixed in with another modality such as graphics or video - - - will bring with it some unknown mix of noisy natural language data as well as non-linguistic data . how are systems with an mt component to be designed and evaluated given the challenge this input brings ? the objective of this workshop is to examine and evaluate techniques for adjusting this """""""" linguistic impedance mismatch """""""" between the real-world input and the natural language input expected by various mt engines . thus the workshop will focus on computational approaches to preprocessing system input for mt engines andon statistical methods for evaluating systems with an embedded mt component . linguistic preprocessing in image data for researchers working with image data , there is currently underway an effort to augment ocr ( optical character recognition ) engines with linguistic data as they recognize and convert bitmap data into characters - - - similar to what has already been done in speech recognition with linguistic data in hmms ( hidden markov models ) . other ocr researchers have also experimented with image-level early topic detection using word-shape recognition . in principle , this could provide a first-step filtering of documents into a more homogeneous mt input set , a desirable goal for mt evaluation . thus we expect that individuals working with or intending to incorporate ocr into their computer systems will be interested in this new area . linguistic preprocessing in online data for those working with online input , even though the characters are already present , there often still remains the task of preprocessing meaningful , symbolic character strings that are not a part of the text to be translated . for some systems , the rules for identifying and encapsulating or removing such strings may need to be hand-crafted over time as mt engine limitations surface . for others , a combination of hand-crafted rules and statistically trained nl models has worked . many have observed that the html annotations , alphanumeric items , spreadsheet and word processing codes are harder to weed out than originally expected . research efforts with the low-density and less-commonly taught languages , as well as more common ones , encounter a substantial problem with variation in spelling conventions and transcription preferences . for those natural languages that are primarily spoken and not written , for example , this is frequently the case . researchers working on this class of problem have built variants on spell checkers ( sc ) , components that standardize words to one orthography ( spelling convention ) before submitting it to an mt engine . an idea that has arisen for this component is to build in an option to adjust the level of sc correction - - - as would be relevant when input after ocr nonetheless varies from very noisy to relatively clean . evaluation of embedded mt systems among those working on statistical methods for evaluating systems with an embedded mt component , we have seen two distinct trends . one group of statisticians has begun looking for appropriate models from outside the world of mt evaluation , examining the efforts by others to take distinct metrics for components and combine them for an overall system-level metric using fuzzy mathematics . another group of researchers is looking instead at developing a one-dimensional scale for ranking mt engines along a continuum defined by system-level function . that approach , for example , might rank one engine as good enough for filtering documents , while another engine deemed more linguistically robust would be ranked higher because it could generate a good enough initial translation for subsequent post-editing . we welcome other functional evaluations of mt components and computer systems with embedded mt components as well . submissions submitters are invited to send in a short paper , not more than 5 pages , addressing one or more of the three areas discussed above . papers should define the problem in an embedded mt system that is the focus of the work , describe the embedded mt system design ( a simple sketch ) with sample input data where relevant , and present their approach to the problem . work at various stages of completion is acceptable ; we expect the current status of the work to be made clear . submission of end-to - end output of an embedded mt system is especially encouraged . the papers will be collected and distributed to participants of theworkshop . ideally , the result of the workshop will be a clearer delineation of : ( 1 ) the range of linguistic preprocessing problems ( 2 ) the range of designs in embedded mt systems ( 3 ) how these problems aretreated in different embedded mt systems and ( 4 ) the metrics that are being used to evaluate these systems and their components . dates notice of interest in participation : july 10 , 1998 ( to voss @ arl . mil ) please identify which of the three areas you intend to address : preprocessing in image data , preprocessing in online data , evaluation of embedded mt systems . position paper submission : august 10 , 1998 notifications : september 10 , 1998 final copies of papers : october 10 , 1998 workshop : october 28 , 1998 submissions may be in printed or electronic form . submissions should be sent to : clare voss army research laboratory amsrl-is - ci 2800 powder mill road adelphi , md 20783 phone : ( 301 ) 394-5615 fax : ( 301 ) 394-3903 e-mail : voss @ arl . mil the registration fee for the conference is $ 50 . non - presenters will be accepted on a first-come , first served basis . we strongly encourage the participation of embedded mt system users , as well as members of the research and development communities . after july 11 , 1998 , a copy of the call , the registration form , and further update information will be available via a link at : < http : / / rpstl . arl . mil / isb / > florence reeder | phone : ( 703 ) 883-7156 the mitre corporation | ( 703 ) 883-6750 ( secretary ) ms w640 | fax : ( 703 ) 883-1279 1820 dolley madison blvd . | email : reeder @ azrael . mitre . org mclean , va 22102 |
  """",0
  2583,""""Subject: semantics : il dominio tempo-aspettuale
   
   il dominio tempo-aspettuale author : pier marco bertinetto publisher : torino , rosenberg & sellier pier marco bertinetto , il dominio tempo-aspettuale . demarcazioni , intersezioni , contrasti . torino , rosenberg & sellier 1997 , pp . 252 , price lit . 48 . 000 ( approximately us $ 25 . 50 ) . isbn 88-7011 - 726 - x . introduzione i . demarcazioni - aspect vs . actionality - statives , progressives , habituals - the progressive as a ' partialization ' operator ii . intersezioni - neutralizations and interactions in temporal-aspectual categories - metafore tempo-aspettuali - l ' interazione tra azionalit e aspetto nella perifrasi ' continua ' iii . contrasti - le strutture tempo-aspettuali dell ' italiano e dell ' inglese - le perifrasi abituali in italiano e in inglese - l ' espressione della ' progressivit / continuit : un confronto tripolareorino '
  """",0
  2584,""""Subject: books on terminology
   
   john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new titles in the field of terminology : handbook of terminology management volume 1 : basic aspects of terminology management sue ellen wright & gerhard budin ( comps . ) 1997 xiv , 370 pp . us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 508 7 price : us $ 94 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 2154 5 price : hfl . 188 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this unique work is designed to meet the practical needs of terminologists , translators , lexicographers , subject specialists ( e . g . , engineers , medical professionals , etc . ) , standardizers and others who have to solve terminological problems in their daily work . in more than 700 pages , the handbook brings together contributions from approximately 50 expert authorities in the field . the handbook covers a broad range of topics integrated from an international perspective and treats such fundamental issues as : - practical methods of terminology management - types and applications of terminology management creation and use of terminological tools ( terminology databases , on-line dictionaries , etc . ) - terminological applications in : - technical writing , translation and information management - natural language processing - language planning and legal , ethical concerns - terminology training . the high level of expertise provided by the contributors , combined with the wide range of perspectives they represent , results in a thorough coverage of all facets of a burgeoning field . the lay-out of the handbook is specially designed for quick and for cross reference , with hypertext and an extensive index . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
  """",0
  2585,""""Subject: books on historical linguistics
   
   john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new title in the field of historical linguistics : tense and aspect in indo-european languages theory , typology and diachrony john hewson & vit bubenik 1997 xii , 403 pp . current issues in linguistic theory , 145 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 860 4 price : $ 89 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 3649 6 price : hfl . 178 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this monograph presents a general picture of the evolution of ie verbal systems within a coherent cognitive framework . the work encompasses all the language families of the ie phylum , from prehistory to present day languages . inspired by the ideas of roman jakobson and gustave guillaume the authors relate tense and aspect to underlying cognitive processes , and show that verbal systems have a staged development of time representations ( chronogenesis ) . they view linguistic change as systemic and trace the evolution of the earliest tense systems by ( a ) aspectual split and ( b ) aspectual merger from the original aspectual contrasts of pie , the evidence for such systemic change showing clearly in the paradigmatic morphology of the daughter languages . the nineteen chapters cover first the ancient documentation , then those families whose historical data are from a more recent date . the last chapters deal with the systemic evolution of languages that are descended from ancient forbearers such as sanskrit , greek , and latin , and are completed by a chapter on the practical and theoretical conclusions of the work . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
  """",0
  2586,""""Subject: books on written language & literacy
   
   john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new titles in the field of written language & literacy : writing and identity the discoursal construction of identity in academic writing roz ivanic 1997 xiv , 346 pp . studies in written language and literacy , 5 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 322 x price : us $ 89 . 00 paper : 1 55619 323 8 price : us $ 29 . 95 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 1797 1 price : nlg 178 paper : 90 272 1798 x price : nlg 60 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com writing is not just about conveying ' content ' but also about the representation of self . ( one of the reasons people find writing difficult is that they do not feel comfortable with the ' me ' they are portraying in their writing . academic writing in particular often poses a conflict of identity for students in higher education , because the 's elf ' which is inscribed in academic discourse feels alien to them . ) the main claim of this book is that writing is an act of identity in which people align themselves with socio-culturally shaped subject positions , and thereby play their part in reproducing or challenging dominant practices and discourses , and the values , beliefs and interests which they embody . the first part of the book reviews recent understandings of social identity , of the discoursal construction of identity , of literacy and identity , and of issues of identity in research on academic writing . the main part of the book is based on a collaborative research project about writing and identity with mature-age students , providing : o a case study of one writer 's dilemmas over the presentation of self ; o a discussion of the way in which writers ' life histories shape their presentation of self in writing ; o an interview-based study of issues of ownership , and of accommodation and resistance to conventions for the presentation of self ; linguistic analysis of the ways in which multiple , often contradictory , interests , values , beliefs and practices are inscribed in discourse conventions , which set up a range of possibilities for self-hood for writers . the book ends with implications of the study for research on writing and identity , and for the learning and teaching of academic writing . the book will be of interest to students and researchers in the fields of social identity , literacy , discourse analysis , rhetoric and composition studies , and to all those concerned to understand what is involved in academic writing in order to provide wider access to higher education . writing development . an interdisciplinary view edited by : clotilde pontecorvo , universita di roma , """""""" la sapienza """""""" , italy 1997 xxxii , 338 pp . studies in written language & literacy , 6 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 324 6 price : us $ 69 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 1799 8 price : nlg 138 john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this volume presents a selection of papers presented at a series of three workshops organized by the network """""""" written language and literacy """""""" as launched by the european science foundation . the main topics making up writing development are : ( 1 ) writing and literacy acquisition : links between speech and writing , with contributions by david r . olson , claire blanche - benveniste , emilia ferreiro , ruth berman , liliana tolchinsky & ana teberosky ; ( 2 ) writing and reading in time and culture , with contributions by collette sirat , francoise desbordes , harmut gunther , peter koch , & jean hebrard : ( 3 ) written language competence in monolingual and bilingual contexts , with contributions by michel fayol & serge mouchon , georges ludi , & ludo verhoeven ; ( 4 ) writing systems , brain structures and languages : a neurolinguistic view , with contributioris by giuseppe cossu , heinz wiimmer & uta frith , & brian butterworth . the volume heads off with an extensive introduction """""""" studying writing and writing acquisition today : a multidisciplinary view """""""" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
  """",0
  2587,""""Subject: books on interpreting
   
   john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new titles in the field of interpreting : the critical link . interpreters in the community . papers from the first international conference on interpreting in legal , health and social service settings . geneva park , canada , 1 - 4 june 1995 silvana carr , roda roberts , aideen dufour & dini steyn ( eds . ) 1997 viii , 322 pp . benjamins translation library , 19 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 701 2 price : $ 79 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 1620 7 price : hfl . 158 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com what is community interpreting ? what are the roles of the community interpreter ? what are the standards , evaluation methods and accreditation procedures pertaining to community interpreting ? what training is available or required in this field ? what are the current issues and practices in community interpreting in different parts of the world ? these key questions , discussed at the first international conference on community interpreting , are addressed in this collection of selected conference papers . the merit of this volume is that it presents the first comprehensive and global view of a rapidly growing profession , which has developed out of the need to provide services to those who do not speak the official language ( s ) of a country . both the problems and the successes related to the challenge of providing adequate community interpreting services in different countries are covered in this volume . contributions by : sherrill j . bell ; virginia benmaman ; carolyn bullock & brian harris ; silvana carr ; terry chesher ; ann corsellis ; birgitta englund dimitrova ; sabine fenton ; julia puebla fortier ; yvonne fowler ; nathan garber & louise mauffette - leenders ; adolfo gentile ; sandra hale ; elizabeth lascar ; suzanne michael & marianne cocchini ; holly mikkelson & hanne mintz ; christine penney & susan sammons ; franz pochhacker ; roda p . roberts ; nancy schweda nicholson & bodil martinsen ; roy thomas ; cecilia wadensjo . conference interpreting : current trends in research proceedings of the international conference on interpreting : what do we know and how ? yves gambier , daniel gile & christopher taylor ( eds . ) 1997 iv , 246 pp . benjamins translation library , 23 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 707 1 price : us $ 75 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 1626 6 price : hfl . 150 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com ' conference interpreting : what do we know and how ? ' is the title of a round-table conference ( turku , 1994 ) organised to assess the state of the art in conference interpreting research . the result is collected in this volume with fully coordinated reports on the round tables . the book presents an exciting coverage of the field , touching on methodology , communication , discourse , culture , neurolinguistic and cognitive aspects , quality assessment , training and developing skills . contributions by : john dodds and david katan ; franco fabbro and laura gran ; daniel gile ; masaomi kondo and helen tebble ; per linell ; barbara moser - mercer ; miriam shlesinger ; david snelling ; charles tijus ; jorma tommola ; carol taylor torsello and all those who participated in the round table discussion . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
  """",0
  2588,""""Subject: books on latin linguistics
   
   john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following titles in the field of latin linguistics : on latin linguistic and literary studies in honour of harm pinkster rodie risselada , jan r . de jong , a . machtelt bolkestein ( eds . ) 1996 xii , 202 pp . jc gieben , publisher us / canada only : cloth : 90 5063 137 1 price : $ 54 . 00 for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com contents : bakkum , g . : capenate esu cil i2 . 476 , 6 = xi . 6707 , 6 , cil i2 . 2496 , 9 bolkestein , m . : free but not arbitrary : ' emotive ' word order in latin ? garcia - hernandez , b . : modificacion prefijal y regimen sintactico . el testimonio de arusiano mesio hengst , d . den : hidden polemics . ammianus ' digression on egypt ( res gestae 21 . 15-16 ) herman , j . : remarques sur l ' histoire du futur latin - et sur la prehistoire du futur roman kroon , c . & p . rose : atrociter corruptus ? the use of ' narrative ' tenses in ammianus marcellinus ' res gestae lavency , m . : rex qui fuit - rex qui esset - rex cum esset risselada r . : and now for something completely different ? temporal discourse markers : latin ' nunc ' and english ' now ' rosen , h . : ' eam vitam vivere quae est sola vita nominanda ' . reflections on cognate complements smolenaars , h . : ' on went the steed , on went the driver ' . an intertextual analysis of valerius flaccus ' argonautica ' 6 . 256-264 , statius ' thebias ' 7 . 632-639 and silius ' punica ' 7 . 667-679 . touratier , c . : les temps dans un recit ( virgile , ' ecloga ' 7 . 1-20 ) wisse , j . : the presence of zeno . the date of philodemus ' ' on rhetoric and the use of the ' citative ' and ' reproducing ' present in latin and greek . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
  """",0
  2589,""""Subject: books on functional linguistics
   
   john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new title in the field of functional linguistics : grammatical relations a functionalist perspective t . givon ( eds . ) 1997 viii , 350 pp . typological studies in language , 35 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 645 8 price : us $ 86 . 00 paper : 1 55619 646 6 price : us $ 29 . 95 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 2931 7 price : hfl . 165 , - - paper : 90 272 2932 5 price : hfl . 60 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com this volume presents a functional perspective on grammatical relations ( grs ) without neglecting their structural correlates . ever since the 1970s , the discussion of grs by functionally-oriented linguists has focused primarily on their functional aspects , such as reference , cognitive accessibility and discourse topicality . with some exceptions , functionalists have thus ceded the discussion of the structural correlates of grs to various formal schools . ever since edward keenan 's pioneering work on subject properties ( 1975 , 1976 ) , it has been apparent that subjecthood and objecthood can only be described properly by a basket of neither necessary nor sufficient properties - thus within a framework akin to rosch 's theory of prototype . some gr properties ar functional ( reference , topicality , accessibility ) ; others involve overt coding ( word-order , case marking , verb agreement ) . others yet are more abstract , involving control of grammatical processes ( rule-governed behavior ) . building on keenan 's pioneering work , this volume concentrates on the structural aspects of grs within a functionalist framework . following a theoretical introduction , the papers in the volume deal primarily with recalcitrant typological issues : the dissociation between overt coding properties of grs and their behavior-and - control properties ; grs in serial verb constructions ; grs in ergative languages ; the impact of clause union and grammaticalization on grs . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
  """",0
  2590,""""Subject: books on the history of linguistics
   
   john benjamins publishing would like to call your attention to the following new titles in the history of linguistics : the emergence of semantics in four linguistic traditions hebrew , sanskrit , greek , arabic wout van bekkum , jan houben , ineke sluiter , kees versteegh 1997 ix , 322 pp . studies in the history of the language sciences , 82 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 617 2 price : us $ 99 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 4568 1 price : hfl . 198 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com the aim of this study is a comparative analysis of the role of semantics in the linguistic theory of four grammatical traditions , sanskrit , hebrew , greek , arabic . if one compares the organization of linguistic theory in various grammatical traditions , it soon turns out that there are marked differences in the way they define the place of 's emantics ' within the theory . in some traditions , semantics is formally excluded from linguistic theory , and linguists do not express any opinion as to the relationship between syntactic and semantic analysis . in other traditions , the whole basis of linguistic theory is semantically orientated , and syntactic features are always analysed as correlates of a semantic structure . however , even in those traditions , in which semantics falls explicitly or implicitly outside the scope of linguistics , there may be factors forcing linguists to occupy themselves with the semantic dimension of language . one important factor seems to be the presence of a corpus of revealed / sacred texts : the necessity to formulate hermeneutic rules for the interpretation of this corpus brings semantics in through the back door . the noblest animate motion speech , pysiology and medicine in pre-cartesian linguistic thought jeffrey wollock 1997 xlvi , 470 pp . studies in the history of the language sciences , 83 us / canada : cloth : 1 55619 620 2 price : us $ 160 . 00 rest of the world : cloth : 90 272 4571 1 price : hfl . 320 , - - john benjamins publishing web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com for further information via e-mail : service @ benjamins . com the body of theory on speech production and speech disorder developed prior to descartes has been so neglected by historians that its very existence is practically unknown today . yet it provides a framework for understanding the speech process which is not only comprehensive and coherent , but of great relevance to current debates on issues of language performance and applied linguistics . this is because , the author contends , current theoretical difficulties stem largely from initial errors of descartes ; whereas earlier theoretical formulations , while outlining a bio-mechanics of speech , retain the central role of the human agent . the discussions explicated in this book come mainly from the natural - philosophic and medical literature of greco - roman antiquity , the middle ages , and the renaissance and early 17th century . this uncharted territory is mapped for the first time by tracing its textual history and diffusion as well as explaining the theory on its own terms but in language that will be clear and comprehensible to non-specialists . interdisciplinary in perspective , the book encompasses topics of interest not only to the language sciences , but also to the biosciences , medicine , philosophy of human movement , psychology and behavioral sciences , neurosciences , speech pathology , experimental phonetics , speech and rhetoric , and the history of science in general . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bernadette martinez - keck tel : ( 215 ) 836-1200 publicity / marketing fax : ( 215 ) 836-1204 john benjamins north america e-mail : bernie @ benjamins . com po box 27519 philadelphia pa 19118-0519 check out the john benjamins web site : http : / / www . benjamins . com
  """",0
  2591,""""Subject: cssi conference on spatial cognition
   
   mind iii : annual conference of the cognitive science society of ireland theme : spatial cognition dublin city university , dublin , ireland august 17-19 , 1998 you are invited to participate in the annual conference of the cssi , on the theme of spatial cognition , at dublin city university from august 17-19 , 1998 . this conference will bring together researchers from different cognitive science disciplines ( psychology , computer science , linguistics , and cognitive geography ) who are studying different aspects of spatial cognition . the conference will provide a forum for researchers to share insights about different aspects of spatial cognition and from the perspective of different disciplines . the academic programme will begin at 9 : 00 a . m . on august 17th and end on 19th . the social programme will include a barbecue and ceili ( traditional irish dance ) on tuesday 18th and a tour and concert on wednesday after the end of the academic programme . for information on registration and accommodation , please visit the web page at : http : / / www . psych . ucsb . edu / ~ hegarty / cssi / the deadline for early registration is july 15th ( after that the price increases significantly ) . for questions about the programme , contact mary hegarty : hegarty @ psych . ucsb . edu for questions about registration and local arrangements , contact sean o nuallain : sonualla @ compapp . dcu . ie programme keynote speakers : michel denis , groupe cognition humaine , limsi-cnrs , universite de paris - sud andrew frank , department of geoinformation , technical university wien talk presentations : environmental spatial cognition g . allen , university of south carolina men and women , maps and minds : cognitive bases of sex-related differences in reading and interpreting maps c . christou & h . bulthoff , max - planck institute for biological cybernetics , tubingen using virtual environments to study spatial encoding d . jacobson , r . kitchin , t . garling , r . golledge & m . blades , university of california , santa barbara , queens university of belfast , gotenborg university learning a complex urban route without sight : comparing naturalistic versus laboratory measures p . peruch , f . gaunet , c . thinus - blanc , m - d . giroudo , cnrs , marseille & cnrs - college de france , paris real and imagined perspective changes in visual versus locomotor navigation m . j . sholl , boston college the accessibility of metric relations in self-to - object and object-to - object systems language and space t . baguley & s . j . payne , loughborough university and cardiff university of wales given - new versus new-given ? an analysis of reading times for spatial descriptions k . c . coventry & m . prat - sala , university of plymouth the interplay between geometry and function in the comprehension of spatial propositions j . gurney & e . kipple , army research laboratory , adelphi , md composing conceptual structure for spoken natural language in a virtual reality environment s . huang , national taiwan university spatial representation in a language without prepositions s . taub , gallaudet university iconic spatial language in asl : concrete and metaphorical applications c . vorwerg , university of bielefeld production and understanding of direction terms as a categorization process computation and spatial cognition m . eisenberg & a . eisenberg , university of colorado designing real-time software advisors for 3 - d spatial operations j . gasos & a . saffiotti , iridia , universite libre de brruxelles fuzzy sets for the representation of uncertain spatial knowledge in autonomous robots r . k . lindsay , university of michigan discovering diagrammatic demonstrations p . mckevitt , aalborg university and university of sheffield chameleon meets spatial cognition d . r . montello , m . f . goodchild , p . fohl & j . gottsegen , university of california , santa barbara implementing fuzzy spatial queries : problem statement and behavioral science methods s . o nuallain & j . kelleher , dublin city university spoken image meets vrml and java spatial reasoning and problem solving m . gattis , max planck institute for psychological research , munich mapping relational structure in visual reasoning j . n . mcgregor , t . c . ormerod & e . p . chronicle , university of victoria and lancaster university spatial and conceptual factors in human performance on the traveling salesperson problem p . d . pearson , r . h . logie & k . j . gilhooly , university of aberdeen verbal representations and spatial manipulation during mental synthesis l . rozenblit , m . spivey & j . wojslawowicz mechanical reasoning about gear-and - belt systems : do eye-movements predict performance ? c . sophian & m . crosby , university of hawaii at manoa ratios that even young children understand : the case of spatial proportions theoretical perspectives : r . h . logie , department of aberdeen constraints on visuo-spatial working memory n . h . narayanan , auburn university exploring virtual information landscapes : spatial cognition meets information visualization a . smith , national research council , canada spatial cognition without spatial concepts c . speed & d . g . tobin , university of plymouth space under stress : spatial understanding and new media technologies m . tiressa , a . caressa and g . geminiani , universita di torino & universita di padova a theoretical framework for the study of spatial cognition poster presentations m . betrancourt , a . pellegrin & l . tardif , research institut , inria rhone - alpes using a spatial display to represent the temporal structure of multimedia documents m . bollaert , limsi-cnrs , university de paris - sud a connectionist model of mental imagery k borner & c vorwerg , university of bielefeld applying vr technology to the study of spatial perception and cognition a . caressa , a . abrigliano & g . geminiani , universita de padova & universita di torino . describers and explorers : a method to investigate cognitive maps . e . p . chronicle , t . c . ormerod & j . mcgregor . lancaster university and university of victoria when insight just won't come : the failure of visual cues in the nine-dot problem . r . coates , c . j . hamilton & t . heffernan , university of teeside and university of northumbria at newcastle in search of the visual and spatial characteristics of visuo-spatial working memory g . fernandez , lmsi-cnrs individual differences in the processing of route directions r . hornig , b . claus & k . eyferth , technical university of berlin in search for an overall organizing principle in spatial mental models : a question of inference m - c . grobety , m . morand & f . schenk cognitive mapping across visually disconnected environments n . gotts , university of wales , aberystwyth describing the topology of spherical regions using the """""""" rcc """""""" formalism x . guilarova , moscow m . v . lomosonov state university polysemy of adjective """""""" round """""""" via lakoff 's radical category structuring j . s . longstaff , laban center , london cognitive structures of kinesthetic space : reevaluating rudolph labanus choreutics u . schmid , s . wiebrock & f . wysotzki , technical university of berlin modeling spatial inferences in text understanding programme committee : ruth byrne , trinity college dublin jerome feldman , university of california , berkeley mary hegarty , university of california , santa barbara ( program chair ) christopher habel , university of hamburg george lakoff , university of california , berkeley robert h . logie , university of aberdeen jack loomis , university of california , santa barbara paul mc kevitt , aalborg university and university of sheffield daniel r . montello , university of california , santa barbara n . hari naryanan , auburn university and georgia institute of technology patrick olivier , university of wales , aberystwyth sean o nuallain , dublin city university ( co - chair ) terry regier , university of chicago keith stenning , edinburgh university michael spivey , cornell university arnold smith , national research council , canada barbara tversky , stanford university
  """",0
  2592,""""Subject: cilca vii
   
   how long does it take for this to come out on the list ? ? ? ? ? ? cilca vii septimo congreso internacional de literatura centroamericana in nicaragua march 17 - 19 , 1999 special call for papers although this conference is principally geared toward central american literature , we are making a special call to linguists for research on central american linguistics . we were quite succesful with our special linguistics sessions in the 1995 conference . please submit abstracts ( one page ) and proposals for special sessions no later than november 16 , 1998 to : alberto rey department of modern languages & literatures howard university washington , d . c . 20059 office : ( 202 ) 806 - 4926 fax : ( 202 ) 806 - 4514 you may also email the abstracts to me at : arey @ fac . howard . edu alberto rey , ph . d . arey @ fac . howard . edu / alrey @ erols . com associate professor dept . modern languages & literatures howard university office : ( 202 ) 806-4952 / 6758 washington , dc 20059 fax : ( 202 ) 806-4514
  """",0
  2593,""""Subject: transcription workshop coling-acl98
   
   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * call for participation call for participation * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * coling-acl 98 the 17th international conference on computational linguistics ( coling-98 ) and the 36th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics ( acl-98 ) workshop on partially automated techniques for transcribing naturally occurring , continuous speech august 16 , 1998 ( following acl / coling-98 ) university of montreal , montreal , quebec ( canada ) description - - - - - - - - - - the development of robust systems for speech analysis and synthesis depends crucially on the availability of well-annotated corpora of naturally occurring , continuous speech . yet existing speech corpora are rarely well-annotated . a key to proper annotation is the availability of partially automated systems for linking selected portions of a visual display of speech to the corresponding transcriptions . to be of practical use , such systems must be able to handle large files of digitized speech and they should permit transcriptions at different levels of analysis . this workshop is devoted to the presentation and discussion of papers and software demonstrations which reflect the current state of the art . the presentations address the development , use , and evaluation of such systems . registration - - - - - - - - - - - registration is now open for this workshop . registration details can be found at http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca registration before july 1 is can $ 50 ( can $ 35 students ) for participants of the main conference . anybody wishing to attend only this workshop can do so by pre-registering the same way and submitting a fee of can $ 150 . preregistration is strongly advised . workshop program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - session 1 9 : 15 - 9 : 30 opening remarks nancy belmore , research professor of applied linguistics concordia university , montreal , quebec ( canada ) 9 : 30-10 : 05 recognition of spontaneous speech ( invited talk ) peter stubley , advisor , speech and language processing technology , nortel advanced technology , montreal , quebec ( canada ) 10 : 05-10 : 30 break session 2 10 : 30-11 : 05 towards multimodal spoken language corpora : transtool and synctool joachim nivre , elisabeth ahlsen , jens allwood , leif gronqvist , jenny holm , dario lopez - kasten , sylvana sofkova , kristina tullgren department of linguistics gothenburg university , gothenburg ( sweden ) 11 : 05-11 : 40 speech annotation by multi - sensory recording robert luk department of computing hong kong polytechnic university , ( hong kong ) 11 : 40-12 : 15 how phone duration and segmental processing improve continuous speech signal labeling andre - obrecht , n . parlangeau , f . pellegrino institut de recherche en informatique de toulouse universite paul sabatier - cnrs , toulouse ( france ) 12 : 15 - 1 : 15 lunch session 3 1 : 15 - 1 : 50 grapheme - to-phoneme transcription rules for spanish with application to automatic speech recognition and synthesis patrizia bonaventura , fabio giuliani , juan m . garrido , isabel orten centro studi e laboratori telecommunicazioni , turin ( italy ) and departament de filologia espanyola , universitaet autonoma de barcelona ( spain ) 1 : 50 - 2 : 25 the value of minimal prosodic information caroline lyon and jill hewitt computer science department university of hertfordshire , hatfield , herts . ( uk ) 2 : 25 - 3 : 00 taped demonstrations 3 : 00 - 3 : 30 break session 4 3 : 30 - 4 : 00 on - line demonstrations 4 : 00 - 5 : 00 round table discussion workshop organization sabine bergler . associate prof . of computer science department of computer science concordia university 1455 de maisonneuve blvd west montreal , qc h3g 1m8 e-mail trans98 @ cs . concordia . ca program committee nancy belmore , research professor of applied linguistics , concordia university , montreal ( canada ) sabine bergler , associate professor of computer science , concordia university , montreal ( canada ) john esling , associate professor of linguistics , university of victoria , victoria , british columbia ( canada ) and secretary , international phonetic association eric keller , professor of computer science and director , laboratoire informatique de la parole , university of lausanne , lausanne ( switzerland ) roland kuhn , speech technology laboratory , panasonic technologies , inc . santa barbara , california ( u . s . a . ) douglas o'shaughnessy , professor , institut national de la recherche scientifique ( inrs ) - telecommunications , montreal , quebec ( canada ) ching y . suen , professor of computer science and director , centre for pattern recognition and machine intelligence , concordia university , montreal , quebec ( canada ) .
  """",0
  2594,""""Subject: coling / acl workshop on multi - lingual information retrieval
   
   coling - acl ' 98 workshop multilingual information management : current levels and future abilities august 16 , 1998 universiti de montrial montrial / canada the coling / acl workshop on multilingual information management is a follow-on to an nsf - sponsored workshop held in conjunction with the first international conference on language resources and evaluation in granada , spain ( may 1998 ) , at which an international panel of invited experts considered these questions in an attempt to identify the most effective future directions of computational linguistics research - - especially in the context of the need to handle multi-lingual and multi-modal information . the follow-on workshop is intended to open the discussion to the computational linguistics community as a whole . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * registration deadline is july 1 ! ! ! ! * * * * to register , consult the coling / acl home page at * * * * http : / / coling-acl 98 . iro . umontreal . ca / mainpage . html * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * workshop description the development of natural language applications which handle multi-lingual and multi-modal information is the next major challenge facing the field of computational linguistics . over the past 50 years , a variety of language-related capabilities has been developed in areas such as machine translation , information retrieval , and speech recognition , together with core capabilities such as information extraction , summarization , parsing , generation , multimedia planning and integration , statistics-based methods , ontologies , lexicon construction and lexical representations , and grammar . the next few years will require the extension of these technologies to encompass multi-lingual and multi-modal information . extending current technologies will require integration of the various capabilities into multi-functional natural language systems . however , there is today no clear vision of how these technologies could or should be assembled into a coherent framework . what would be involved in connecting a speech recognition system to an information retrieval engine , and then using machine translation and summarization software to process the retrieved text ? how can traditional parsing and generation be enhanced with statistical techniques ? what would be the effect of carefully crafted lexicons on traditional information retrieval ? the workshop will be organized as a series of panels reporting on the outcome of discussions in the granada workshop ( a report summarizing the discussions at granada will be available before the coling - acl workshop ) . ample time for discussion will be included . the discussion will focus on the following fundamental questions : 1 . what is the current level of capability in each of the major areas of the field dealing with language and related media of human communication ? 2 . how can ( some of ) these functions be integrated in the near future , and what kind of systems will result ? 3 . what are the major considerations for extending these functions to handle multi-lingual and multi-modal information , particularly in integrated systems of the type envisioned in ( 2 ) ? in particular , we will consider these questions in relation to the following areas : o multi-lingual resources ( lexicons , ontologies , corpora , etc . ) o information retrieval , especially cross-lingual and cross-modal o machine translation o automated ( cross-lingual ) summarization and information extraction o multimedia communication , in conjunction with text o evaluation and assessment techniques for each of these areas o methods and techniques ( both statistics-based and linguistics-based ) o parsing , generation , information acquisition , etc . o speech recognition and synthesis o language and speaker identification and speech translation program committee khalid choukri , european languages resource association charles fillmore , university of california berkeley , usa robert frederking , carnegie mellon university , usa ulrich heid , university of stuttgart , germany eduard hovy , information sciences institute , usa nancy ide , vassar college , usa mun kew leong , national university of singapore joseph mariani , limsi / cnrs , france mark maybury , the mitre corporation , usa sergei nirenburg , new mexico state university , usa akitoshi okumura , nec , japan martha palmer , university of pennsylvania , usa james pustejovsky , brandeis university , usa peter schaueble , eth zurich , switzerland oliviero stock , irst , italy felisa verdejo , uned , spain piek vossen , university of amsterdam , netherlands wolfgang wahlster , dfki , germany antonio zampolli , istituto di linguistica computazionale , italy organizers bob frederking center for machine translation carnegie - mellon university schenley park pittsburgh , pa 15213-3890 tel : ( + 1 412 ) 268-6656 fax : ( + 1 412 ) 268-6298 email : ref @ nl . cs . cmu . edu eduard hovy information sciences institute of the university of southern california 4676 admiralty way marina del rey , ca 90292-6695 tel : ( + 1 310 ) 822-1511 fax : ( + 1 310 ) 823-6714 email : hovy @ isi . edu nancy ide department of computer science vassar college 124 raymond avenue poughkeepsie , new york 12604-0520 usa tel : ( + 1 914 ) 437 5988 fax : ( + 1 914 ) 437 7498 e - mail : ide @ cs . vassar . edu
  """",0
  2595,""""Subject: thinking with diagrams 1998
   
   twd98 thinking with diagrams : is there a science of diagrams ? workshop call for participation university of wales , aberystwyth , uk 22-23 august 1998 registration deadline : 22nd july 1998 diagrams are essential in most fields of human activity . there is substantial interest in diagrams and their use in many academic disciplines for the potential benefits they may confer on a wide range of tasks . are we now in a position to claim that we have a science of diagrams ? that is , a science which takes the nature of diagrams and their use as the central phenomena of interest . a science which is attempting to understand how diagrams differ from other representational systems and trying to develop principles for the design of effective graphical representations . a science which considers how diagrams communicate information and how they are used to solve problems . if we have a science of diagrams it is certainly constituted from multiple disciplines , including : cognitive science , psychology , artificial intelligence , logic , mathematics , and others . if there is a science of diagrams , then like other sciences , there is an applications or """""""" engineering """""""" discipline that exists alongside the science . applications and engineering provide tests of the theories and principles discovered by the science and extend the scope of the phenomena to be studied by generating new uses of diagrams , new media for presenting diagrams , or novel classes of diagram . this applications and engineering side of the science of diagrams also comprises multiple disciplines , including : education , architecture , computer science , mathematics , human - computer interaction , knowledge acquisition , graphic design , engineering , history of science , statistics , medicine , biology , and others . the theme of twd98 will be - is there a science of diagrams ? by providing a forum for the presentation and discussion of quality research on diagrams and diagram use , we not only try to answer this question , but more importantly attempt draw together the many different approaches , theories and results that we have in the many diverse disciplines that are concerned with diagrams . the question provides a vehicle on which to attempt to integrate what is currently a disparate and disordered set of activities into a more rational and coherent programme of research . is there any common core to the activities which provides a basis for the claim that the twd community could constitute a science ? more information and the workshop registration form can be found at the thinking with diagrams home page : http : / / www . aber . ac . uk / ~ plo / twd98 or contact : patrick olivier ( plo @ aber . ac . uk ) thinking with diagrams ( twd98 ) department of computer science university of wales , aberystwyth ceredigion , uk sy23 3db tel : + 44 1970 622424 / fax : + 44 1970 622455 the twd98 programme will include : ( i ) technical sessions for the presentations of papers ; ( ii ) invited talks on issues relevant to the twd community as a whole ; ( iii ) a panel session on the theme of twd98 . invited presentations : 1 . arthur i miller university college london """""""" visual representations of nature """""""" 2 . aaron sloman university of birmingham """""""" diagrams in the mind ? """""""" 3 . clive richards , school of art and design , coventry university """""""" diagrammatics """""""" other presentations : 1 . peter cheng ( university of nottingham ) avow diagrams : a novel representational system for understanding electricity 2 . mateja jamnik , alan bundy & ian green ( university of edinburgh ) verification of diagrammatic proofs 3 . maria kozhevnikov , mary hegarty & richard mayer ( techion & uc santa barbara ) visual / spatial abilities in problem solving in physics 4 . sun - joo shin ( university of notre dame ) multiple readings of pierces alpha system 5 . alan blackwell & yuri engelhardt ( cambridge apu and university of amsterdam ) a taxonomy of diagram taxonomies 6 . robert kosara , silvia miksch , yuval shahar & peter johnson ( vienna university of technology & stanford university ) asbru - view : capturing complex , time - oriented plans 7 . jo calder ( university of edinburgh ) how to build a ( quite general ) linguistic diagram editor 8 . adam vile & simon polovina ( south bank university ) thinking of or thinking through diagrams ? 9 . mark minas ( university of erlangen ) specifying diagram languages by means of hypergraph grammars 10 . simon ungar , mark blades & christopher spencer ( glasgow caledonian university & university of sheffield ) can a tactile map facilitate learning of related information by visually impaired people ? 11 . daniela m . bailer - jones ( universitt paderborn ) sketches and visualisation as mental reifications of theoretical scientific treatment 12 . leon rozenblit , michael spivey - knowlton & julie wojslawowiz ( cornell university ) mechanical reasoning about gear-and - belt diagrams : do eye - movements predict performance ? 13 . nadine lucas & nathalie coussin - rittemard ( limsi & utrecht university ) acting with diagrams : how to plan strategies 14 . herman j . adr ( vrije universiteit ) diagramming research designs posters 15 . william godwin ( cheltenham and gloucester college ) a tectonic theory for graphical notation design 16 . jean - louis giavitto & erika valencia ( lri - universit paris sud ) using simplicial complexes to model internal diagrammatic representations 17 . hernan casakin ( techion ) diagrams , sketches , and the use of analogy in design problem - solving : experts and novices 18 . glen bell & david wilson ( university of technology , sydney ) diagramming issue surrounding application architectures 19 . andrew basden ( university of salford ) researching the with in thinking with diagrams
  """",0
  2596,""""Subject: avail for review , phonology , semantics , mon khmer
   
   the books listed below are in the linguist office and now available for review . if you are interested in reviewing a book ( or leading a discussion of the book ) ; please contact our book review editor , andrew carnie , at : carnie @ linguistlist . org please include in your request message a brief statement about your research interests , background , affiliation and other information that might be valuable to help us select a suitable reviewer . please do not simply provide a url for an electronic cv or web page . these will be ignored . phonology pier marco bertinetto , livio gaeta , georgijetchev & david michaels ( eds ) , certamen phonologicum iii . papers from the third cortona phonology meeting , april 1996 . torino , rosenberg & sellier 1997 , pp . 291 , price lit . 63 . 000 ( approximately us $ 37 ) . isbn 88-7011 - 717 - 0 . semantics pier marco bertinetto , il dominio tempo-aspettuale . demarcazioni , intersezioni , contrasti . torino , rosenberg & sellier 1997 , pp 252 , price lit 48 . 000 isbn 887011726x ( approximately us $ 25 . 50 ) ( note reviewer of this volume must be fluent in both english and italian ) mon khmer mon khmer studies volume 28 . sil / u of texas arlington .
  """",0
  2597,""""Subject: coling-acl 98 workshop """""""" discourse relations and discourse markers """"""""
   
   coling-acl 98 workshop """""""" discourse relations and discourse markers """""""" august 15 , 1998 opening 9 . 00 session 1 : discourse structure parsing uses introduction daniel marcu ( usc / isi ) a surface-based approach to identifying discourse markers and elementary textual units in unrestricted texts 9 . 10 - 9 . 30 simon h . corston - oliver ( microsoft research ) identifying the linguistic correlates of rhetorical relations 9 . 30 - 9 . 50 j . burstein , k . kukich , s . wolff , c . lu , m . chodorow ( educational testing service and hunter college ) enriching automated essay scoring using discourse marking 9 . 50 - 10 . 10 discussion 10 . 10 - 10 . 25 coffee break session 2 : cue words introduction 10 . 40 b . grote ( otto - von - guericke universitt magdeburg ) representing temporal discourse markers for generation purposes 10 . 45 - 11 . 05 l . degand ( university of louvain ) on classifying connectives and coherence relations 11 . 05 - 11 . 25 c . soria , g . ferrari ( university of pisa and university of east piemonte ) lexical marking of discourse relations - some experimental findings 11 . 25 - 11 . 45 s . teufel ( university of edinburgh ) meta - discourse markers and problem-structuring in scientific texts 11 . 45 - 12 . 05 discussion 12 . 05 - 12 . 20 lunch poster session : 13 . 00 - 14 . 00 l . danlos ( universite paris ) linguistic ways for expressing a discourse relation and lexicalized text generation system a . knott ( university of edinburgh ) similarity and contrast relations and inductive rules f . schilder ( universitt hamburg ) temporal discourse markers and the flow of events n . ward ( university of tokyo ) some exotic discourse markers of spoken dialogue session 3 : grammar , semantics , and formalism introduction 14 . 00 b . webber , a . joshi ( university of pennsylvania ) anchoring a lexicalized tree - adjoin grammar for discourse 14 . 05 - 14 . 25 j . jayez , c . rossari ( ehess and universite de geneve ) discourse relations versus discourse marker relations 14 . 25 - 14 . 45 m . pery - woodley ( universite de toulouse ) textual signalling in written text : a corpus-based approach 14 . 45 - 15 . 05 k . dahlgren ( inquizit technologies , inc . ) lexical marking and the recovery of discourse structure 15 . 05 - 15 . 25 discussion 15 . 25 - 15 . 40 break session 4 : speech and dialogue introduction 16 . 00 m . kawamori , t . kawabata , a . shimazu ( ntt research and jaist ) discourse markers in spontaneous dialogue : a corpus based study of japanese and english 16 . 05 - 16 . 25 y . nakano , t . kato ( ntt labs ) cue phrase selection in instruction dialogue using machine learning 16 . 25 - 16 . 45 k . fischer , h . brandt - pook ( universitt bielefeld ) automatic disambiguation of discourse particles 16 . 45 - 17 . 05 d . jurafsky , e . shriberg , b . fox , t . curl ( university of colorado and sri ) lexical , prosodic , and syntactic cues for dialog acts 17 . 05 - 17 . 25 discussion 17 . 25 - 17 . 55 closing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - eduard hovy email : hovy @ isi . edu usc information sciences institute tel : 310-822 - 1511 ext 731 4676 admiralty way fax : 310-823 - 6714 marina del rey , ca 90292-6695 project homepage : http : / / www . isi . edu / natural-language / nlp-at - isi . html
  """",0
  2598,""""Subject: workshop sposs preliminary program
   
   sposs sound patterns of spontaneous speech production and perception 24-26 september , la baume les aix , aix en provence , france preliminary program thursday 24 10h - 10h30 registration 10h30 - 11h opening , presentation of the communications 11h - 11h30 coffee break 11h30 - 12h30 * invited lecture : making sense of the infinite variety of natural speech patterns b . lindblom , stockholm university and austin university 12h30 - 13h30 lunch 13h30 - 14h30 * invited lecture : the phonetic manifestation of words in spontaneous speech k . kohler , university of kiel 14h30 - 15h coffee break 15h - 15h20 * between - word processes in early multi-word speech c . newton , university college , london 15h20 - 15h40 * phonological and phonetic aspects of brazilian portugese : a study of / r / variants r . cruz and l . messias , ufpa , brazil 15h40 - 16h * distribution and acoustical characteristics of the / r / allophones in french : laboratory / spontaneous speech d . autesserre and m . chafcouloff , lpl , aix en provence 16h - 16h20 * assimilatory behavior of tongue-tip trills m . j . sole , laboratoria de fonetica , barcelona 16h20 - 16h40 * consonant reduction in spontaneous polish speech r . gubrynowicz * and p . durand * * , * sal , warsaw and * * lpl , aix en provence 16h40 - 17h * quasi - homorganic v1 # # v2 sequencies in austrian german s . moosmuller , acoustic research departement , wien friday 25 9h - 10h * invited lecture : synchronic variations and prosodic changes : the influence of prosodic structuring j . vaissiere , ilgla , paris 10h - 10h20 coffee break 10h20 - 10h40 * what is deleted in spontaneous finnish : segmental interaction with word stress , vowel harmony and moras r . valimaa - blum , cnrs ua 1027 , universite de lille 10h40 - 11h * aspects of the reduction and contextual assimilation of consonant sequences in spontaneous french speech d . duez , lpl , cnrs esa 6057 , aix en provence 11h - 11h20 * preaspiration and pre-stopped laterals : historical change in light of spontaneous speech p . helgason , institute of phonetics , stockholm 11h20 - 11h40 * casual speech : a rich source of intriguing puzzles s . manuel , research laboratory of electronics , mit cambridge 11h40 - 12h * language dependent and independent spontaneous speech phenomena p . basset and t . su , ilpga , paris 12h30 - 13h30 lunch 13h30 - 14h30 * invited lecture : the recognition of spoken words with variable representation a . cutler , max planck institute , nijmegen 14h30 - 14h50 * perception of ` reduced ` forms by non-native speakers of english l . shockey , university of reading 14h50 - 15h10 * listening to nonnative language which violates native assimilation rules a . weber , mpi , nijmegen 15h10 - 15h30 * lexical access in spontaneous speech : reduced forms prime . . . less e . g . bard , m . l . kelly and c . sotillo , hcrc , edinburgh 15h30 - 15h50 * disfluent speech : the transcriber problem r . lickley and e . g . bard , hcrc , edinburgh 15h50 - 16h10 coffee break 16h10 - 17h30 poster session : 16h10 - 16h30 oral presentation of the posters by j . vaissiere 16h30 - 17h30 poster session : discussion with authors posters : * is hypo-articulation lexically constrained ? c . f . sotillo and e . g . bard , hcrs , edinburgh * the use of alisp for automatic acoustic-phonetic transcription j . cernocky * , g . baudoin * * and g . chollet * * , * tu of brno , * * esiee and * * enst paris * multilingual detection of specific sound patterns : the case of vowels and plosives n . parlangeau and f . pellegrino , irit toulouse * we talk like meh ? no , lah : intonation patterns on discourse particles in spontaneous singapore english l . lim , university of singapore * palatalized plosives in french and palatal in korean : a comparative study h . z . kim , dankook university * extent of context and vowel identification in speech variation s . m . williams and r . l . diehl , university of texas * vowel quality in spontaneous speech : what makes a good vowel ? m . aylett and a . turk , hcrc , edimburgh * dual - route encoding : a synthesis of acoustic evidence from normal speech s . p . whiteside and r . a . varley , university of sheffield * acoustic - prosodic cues of speech repairs in spontaneous speech s . c . tseng , university of bielefeld * disentangling multiple sources of stress in word segmentation h . borfeld and j . morgan , brown university , providence saturday 26 9h - 9h20 * speaker strategies in the use of prosodic means in spontaneous discourse in dutch m . van donzel , f . j . koopmans - van beinum , l . c . w . pols , university of amsterdam 9h20 - 9h40 * global and local characteristics of dutch questions in play-acted and spontaneous speech j . haan * and v . j . van heuven * * , nijmegen university * and leiden university * * 9h40 - 10h10 * effects of prosodic constraints on the lengthening of syllable constituent in french : a comparison between spontaneous and french speech c . astesano , universite de provence , aix en provence 10h10 - 10h30 * coffee break 10h30 - 10h50 * direct and indirect measurement of the articulation of intervocalic stop consonants in french a . soquet , universite libre de bruxelles 10h50 - 11h10 * comparison of aerodynamic and epg data in spoken and spontaneous speech d . demolin , universite libre de bruxelles 11h10 - 11h30 * effect of emphasis and irritation on jaw opening o . fujimura , d . erickson and b . pardo , the ohio state university 11h30 - 11h50 * selection of pronunciation variants in spontaneous speech : comparing the performance of man and machine m . wester , j . m . kessens , c . cucchiarini and h . strik 11h50 - 12h50 panel session : achievements and perspectives of research on spontaneous speech more information on la baume les aix and the workshop can be found on our web site : http : / / www . lpl . univ-aix . fr / sposs
  """",0
  2599,""""Subject: brazilian international conference on cognitive science ( iii ebicc )
   
   iii brazilian international conference on cognitive science ( iii ebicc ) e - mail : eliane @ cle . unicamp . br homepage : http : / / www . unicamp . br / cle / projesp . htm 13 - 18 april 1998 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = state university of campinas ( unicamp ) - campinas , s . p . brazil organized by the brazilian society for cognitive science and centre for logic , epistemology and history of science = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = following areas : - - philosophy of mind - - connectionism - - psycolinguistics - - self - organization - - cognitive neuroscience - - artificial intelligence - - neurolinguistics - - philosophy of language - - cognitive psychology - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - minicourses auto - organizacion professores : osvaldo pessoa jr . ; maria eunice quilici gonzales ; itala maria loffredo d ' ottaviano ; ettore bresciani ; carmem beatriz milidoni ; jonatas manzolli . modelos de inteligencia artificial para processos cognitivos professores : aluizio araujo ; clara santos ; gerson zaverucha . neurociencia cognitiva professores : antonio carlos guimar \ 227es de almeida ; vitor geraldi haase ; henrique sch \ 252tzer del nero ; vera maura fernandes de lima ; wolfgang hanke . filosofia da linguagem """""""" pragmatica e ciencias cognitivas """""""" professores : marcelo dascal . cognitivo e linguagem professores : edson francozo ; adriana benevides soares . workshop """""""" metaphors we move by """""""" professora : varda dascal - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - organizing committee : michael b . wrigley ( chairman ) adriana benevides soares ana maria pellegrini aloisio araujo carlos alberto lungarzo edson francozo jonatas manzolli jose roberto piqueira maria eunice q . gonzales walter a . carnielli - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - participating institutions : state university of campinas ( unicamp ) , university of sao paulo ( usp ) , state university of sao paulo ( unesp ) , state university of north rio de janeiro ( uenf ) , national association of postgraduate programmes in philosophy ( anpof ) funding organizations : capes , cnpq , faep-unicamp , fapesp = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
  """",0
  2600,""""Subject: computationally - intensive methods in quantitative linguistics
   
   second workshop in computationally-intensive methods in quantitative linguistics department of statistics university of glasgow , uk 7 - 9 september 1998 announcement and call for registration in recent years techniques from disciplines such as computer science , articficial intelligence and statistics have found their way into the pages of journals such as the journal of quantitative linguistics , literary and linguistic computing and computers and the humanities . while this influx may bring more advanced methods of analysis to the fields of quantitative linguistics , stylometry and stylistics , the demands upon researchers to understand and use these new techniques are great . familiarity with the appropriate software and the ear of a sympathetic expert are pre-requisites without which the technique may seem out of reach to the average researcher . the humanities advanced technology and information institute and the department of statistics of the university of glasgow are hence supporting this practical workshop in computationally - intensive methods in quantitative linguistics . the workshop is designed to introduce the participants to four such techniques in a practical environment . each half-day session will be divided into an introductory session in a lecture theatre and a longer period spent working with software and practical examples . all of the speakers have published papers using the analyses they will present and their aim in this workshop is to enable the participants to return to their home institutions able to carry out these techniques in the course of their own research . the sessions and speakers are as follows : harald baayen ; max planck institute for psycholinguistics , nijmegen , the netherlands . large number of rare event models walter daelemans ; university of tilburg , the netherlands . linguistics as data mining : using machine learning techniques to discover linguistic generalizations michael oakes ; university of lancaster , unted kingdom . multivariate statistics in corpus linguistics fiona tweedie ; university of glasgow , united kingdom . time series models in linguistics the workshop will be held in the mathematics building of the university of glasgow , commencing on monday 7 september at 1pm . the four workshop sessions will take place on monday afternoon , tuesday 8 september and the morning of wednesday 9 september . there will also be a half day tour on the wednesday afternoon and a reception in the hunterian art gallery on monday evening . accommodation has been arranged in university accommodation with some en suite facilities . the reception , tea and coffee , lunches on 8 and 9 september and evening meals on 7 and 8 september are included in the registration fee . the registration fee , until 15 july , is gbp150 . 00 and gbp100 . 00 for students . participants who are also attending the digital resources in the humanities conference , 9-12 september are eligible for a discount in the registration fees . for more information about the workshop and to register , please consult the web site at http : / / www . stats . gla . ac . uk / ~ cimql or send email to the conference organisers at cimql @ stats . gla . ac . uk . please note that the organisers will be attending the allc / ach conference in debrecen from 2-11 july , so responses during this time may be sparse .
  """",0
  2601,""""Subject: books : a survey of american linguistics
   
   the publishing house of moscow state university has just released a groundbreaking 455 - page hard cover book in russian which is a collection of surveys on the state of modern american linguistics . """""""" fundamental trends of modern american linguistics """""""" ( """""""" fundamental ' nye napravlenija sovremennoj amerikanskoj lingvistiki """""""" ) is unique in its scope since it is the first ever comprehensive publication in russian which presents diverse disciplines within american linguistics to russian - speaking audience . the book consists of three major parts : part i : generative grammar chapter 1 . brief history of the generative grammar ( john bailyn , suny at stony brook ) chapter 2 . a study of syntactic conditions in the generative grammar ( konstantin kazenin & yakov testelec , mgu ) chapter 3 . the generative grammar and the free word order problem ( natasha kondarshova , cornell u ) chapter 4 . the generative grammar and russian linguistics : aspect and case ( natal ' ja isakadze & irina kobozeva , mgu ) part ii : other formal theories : phonology , semantics , psycholinguistics , and acquisition chapter 5 . phonology ( katya zubritskaya , nyu ) chapter 6 . formal semantics ( roumyana izvorska , u of pennsylvania ) chapter 7 . psycholinguistics ( irina sekerina , u of pennsylvania ) chapter 8 . acquisition ( sergey avrutin , yale u ) part iii : functional and cognitive theories chapter 9 . functionalism ( andrey kibrik and vladimir plungjan , mgu ) chapter 10 . semantics in cognitive linguistics ( alan cienki , emory u ) chapter 11 . main concepts of cognitive semantics ( ekaterina rakhilina , viniti ) appendix : the grammaticala relevance of theme / rheme partition ( george fowler , indiana university ) index of languages index of terms the authors and the editors made every attempt to concisely and accurately translate the linguistic terms without which it modern american linguistics will not be comprehensible . the reader will find russian translations and definitions of such syntactic terms as """""""" subjacency principle """""""" , """""""" spellout """""""" , """""""" island constraints """""""" , phonological terms such as """""""" underspecification theory """""""" , """""""" onset principle """""""" , """""""" the ocp """""""" , """""""" optimality theory """""""" , and many others included in the comprehensive 47 - page russian - english index . most of the phenomena discussed are illustrated with russian examples . please address your inquires to dr . irina sekerina at sekerina @ linc . cis . upenn . edu . more information is posted at the following url : http : / / www . cis . upenn . edu / ~ sekerina / book . htm .
  """",0
  2602,""""Subject: wecol ' 98 - - western conference on linguistics
   
   arizona state university cordially invites you to attend wecol ' 98 ( western conference on linguistics ) , to be held in conjunction with lasso xxvii , 9-11 october 1998 . information about the conference ( s ) may be found at our websites : http : / / www . public . asu . edu / ~ teresalw / wecol . htm http : / / www . public . asu . edu / ~ teresalw / lasso . htm these sites include preliminary programs as well as information about the meeting site , lodging , nearby areas of interest , and your host institution arizona state university . please feel free to contact the pagemaster of the site , teresa . wells @ asu . edu , with any questions . teresa wells research assistant to dr . elly van gelderen english department arizona state university
  """",0
  2603,""""Subject: euralex ' 98 - revised programme
   
   euralex ' 98 - liege , belgium ( 4 - 8 august 1998 ) dear colleagues , the final programme of the 8th international congress of the european association for lexicography ( euralex ' 98 ) is now available at the following web address : http : / / engdep1 . philo . ulg . ac . be / euralex . htm ( click on euralex ' 98 final programme ) or directly at http : / / engdep1 . philo . ulg . ac . be / michiels / final . htm best wishes , thierry fontenelle
  """",0
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